bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Corn 15N uptake and partitioning in response to fertilizer application rate and timing
Authors: Spackman Jared A. , Fernández Fabián G. , Paiao Gabriel D. , Venterea Rodney T. , Coulter Jeffrey A.
Published: May 2024

Nitrogen (N) fertilizer applications near the time of planting are important for upper US Midwest corn (Zea mays L.) production, but wet springs may result in significant N losses. Split applications may circumvent this problem and improve fertilizer uptake and use efficiency, but the relative contribution of N from the soil and fertilizer is poorly understood. A field study with six sites in Minnesota received 15N‐labeled urea fertilizer in the first year and unlabeled urea in the second year to determine the effect of N rate and application timing on corn uptake and accumulation patterns of fertilizer‐derived N (FDN) and soil‐derived N (SDN) over two consecutive growing seasons. Corn responded positively to fertilization. The percentage of total N uptake as FDN was greatest closest to the time of application but decreased over time as SDN became the dominant N source. A split application (45 kg N ha−1 at planting, 90 kg N ha−1 at V4) significantly improved FDN uptake over the 135 kg N ha−1 preplant treatment but did not improve total N uptake in the first year at any site. Fertilizer‐N use efficiency (F15NUE) using the isotopic method was 2.8%–43.3% across all sites at the end of the first year with the majority partitioned to the grain. At the end of the second year, approximately 2.2% of the first‐year applied FDN was recovered in aboveground biomass. Fertilization ensures adequate N availability to the developing crop, but ultimately SDN contributed ≥61% of the total N uptake.
Pea growth, yield, and quality affected by nitrogen fertilization to previous crop in small grain–pea rotations
Authors: Sainju Upendra M. , Pradhan Gautam P.
Published: May 2024

Starter N fertilization at low rates may enhance pea (Pisum sativum L.) performance, but little information exists about the effect of N fertilization rate to previous crop (NRPC) on pea growth, yield, and quality in small grain–pea rotations. We examined the effect of N fertilization rates to barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) on succeeding pea growth, yield, and quality in barley–pea and spring wheat–pea rotations from 2006 to 2019 in the semiarid environment of US northern Great Plains. We measured pea plant density, straw and grain yields, harvest index, straw N concentration, grain protein concentration, grain test weight, straw and grain N uptake, and N harvest index. In the barley–pea rotation, pea grain yield increased with increased NRPC. Grain test weight was greater without than with NRPC in 2008 and 2009. In the spring wheat–pea rotation, straw yield was greater for 50 than 0 kg N ha−1 of NRPC in 2014, 2018, and 2019. Grain yield and N uptake were greater with than without NRPC in 2014, 2015, and 2019, but grain test weight varied with NRPC and year. Plant density, harvest index, straw N concentration, grain protein concentration, straw N uptake, and N harvest index varied with year in both barley–pea and spring wheat–pea rotations. Nitrogen fertilization to barley or spring wheat can enhance succeeding pea grain yield and N uptake during years with normal growing season precipitation in barley–pea and spring–wheat pea rotations in the semiarid region of the US northern Great Plains.
How and why do species break a developmental trade‐off? Elucidating the association of trichomes and stomata across species
Authors: Baird Alec S. , Medeiros Camila D. , Caringella Marissa A. , Bowers Julia , Hii Michelle , Liang John , Matsuda Joshua , Pisipati Kirthana , Pohl Caroline , Simon Benjamin , Tagaryan Silvard , Buckley Thomas N. , Sack Lawren
Published: May 2024

Premise

Previous studies have suggested a trade‐off between trichome density (Dt) and stomatal density (Ds) due to shared cell precursors. We clarified how, when, and why this developmental trade‐off may be overcome across species.

Methods

We derived equations to determine the developmental basis for Dt and Ds in trichome and stomatal indices (it and is) and the sizes of epidermal pavement cells (e), trichome bases (t), and stomata (s) and quantified the importance of these determinants of Dt and Ds for 78 California species. We compiled 17 previous studies of Dt–Ds relationships to determine the commonness of Dt–Ds associations. We modeled the consequences of different Dt–Ds associations for plant carbon balance.

Results

Our analyses showed that higher Dt was determined by higher it and lower e, and higher Ds by higher is and lower e. Across California species, positive Dt–Ds coordination arose due to it–is coordination and impacts of the variation in e. A Dt–Ds trade‐off was found in only 30% of studies. Heuristic modeling showed that species sets would have the highest carbon balance with a positive or negative relationship or decoupling of Dt and Ds, depending on environmental conditions.

Conclusions

Shared precursor cells of trichomes and stomata do not limit higher numbers of both cell types or drive a general Dt–Ds trade‐off across species. This developmental flexibility across diverse species enables different Dt–Ds associations according to environmental pressures. Developmental trait analysis can clarify how contrasting trait associations would arise within and across species.
Manganese‐Catalyzed α‐Alkylation of Sulfones using Alcohols via a Hydrogen‐Borrowing Strategy: Synthesis of Branched Sulfones
Authors: Verma Ashutosh , Elias Anil J.
Published: May 2024

Herein, we report an efficient and sustainable manganese‐catalyzed α‐C−H bond alkylation methodology to synthesize branched sulfones via a hydrogen borrowing pathway. The air‐stable and phosphine‐free Mn‐catalyst, (NNN)Mn(II)Cl2 was synthesized by using an earth‐abundant, commercially available, and inexpensive precursor MnCl2.4H2O, and a stable NNN pincer i. e. [N‐((benzimidazole‐2‐yl)methyl)quinoline‐8‐amine] ligand system. Taking benzyl phenyl sulfones as substrates, and benzyl alcohol derivatives as alkylating agents, a range of branched sulfones were synthesized in 40–82 % isolated yields using (NNN)Mn(II)Cl2 complex as the catalyst under open‐air conditions. Control experiments and deuterium incorporation studies have also been conducted to investigate the possible reaction mechanism and to provide evidence for the hydrogen borrowing pathway.
Cyclic Azahelicene Dimers Showing Bright Circularly Polarized Luminescence and Selective Fluoride Recognition
Authors: Maeda Chihiro , Yasutomo Issa , Ema Tadashi
Published: May 2024

Although helicenes are promising molecules, the synthetic difficulty and tediousness have often been problems, and only small amounts of optically pure helicenes have been obtained by using chiral HPLC in most cases. Herein, aza[7]helicenes or closed‐aza[7]helicenes with (1R)‐menthyl substituents were selectively synthesized via the intramolecular Scholl reaction, and the diastereomeric pairs were separated by silica gel column chromatography. The optically pure helicenes were further transformed into the corresponding cyclic dimers, and the chiroptical properties were investigated. The rigid π‐frameworks of the dimers led to the high molar extinction coefficients and fluorescence quantum yields, while the twisted helicene moieties induced clear Cotton effects and CPL in the visible region, and the high CPL brightness (BCPL) was achieved. Furthermore, the cyclic dimers were found to have the macrocyclic cavity with the two NH groups suitable for the selective binding of a fluoride anion, which induced significantly redshifted fluorescence and CPL in the red region.
Characterization of curing status of commercial tire compounds with vein graphite powder and its particle sizes—Experimental and computational study
Authors: Abeygunawardane Gayan Aravinda , Weragoda Sampath , Senevirathne Nadun , Liyanage Eranga
Published: May 2024

The use of solid tires in demanding industrial applications, subjected to substantial mechanical loads, poses significant challenges due to heat generation from hysteresis and tread friction. Managing this heat is crucial to mitigate the risk of tire blowouts and layer separation. This research investigates the impact of introducing vein graphite powder, varying in particle size, into a commercially used solid tire compound, both experimentally and computationally. The research findings presented in this paper reveal substantial changes in thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity, rate constant, induction time, and the order of reaction in solid tires. Contemporary industry trends involve predictive methods for monitoring the curing process in tire manufacturing. A tire curing simulation model based on finite (FE) element analysis is developed. FE modeling is favored due to its accuracy and adaptability, especially when dealing with the intricate geometry and multi‐layered, multi‐compound structure of tires. The complex interplay between heat transfer and curing processes is effectively addressed using user subroutines (UMATHT) in commercial FE software like ABAQUS. In this analysis, thermal conductivity, heat capacity, order of reaction, rate constant, and induction time of the commercial tire compound are considered as temperature‐dependent variables. The computational model not only demonstrates its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and quality of tire manufacturing processes but also contributes to a deeper understanding of the curing behavior of graphite powder‐based solid tire compounds. Consequently, it provides a valuable tool for optimizing tire manufacturing procedures and ensuring the safe and reliable performance of solid tires under demanding operational conditions. This research bridges the gap between the traditional commercial tire compound and the use of vein graphite powder in tire manufacturing and advanced computational methods, facilitating improvements in tire quality and safety.
Navigating Board Vulnerabilities: A Proactive Approach to Director Assessment
Authors: Kumar Rajeev , Farkas David
Published: May 2024

Rajeev Kumar is a senior managing director at Georgeson, a global provider of strategic shareholder engagement, proxy solicitation, and governance consulting services. David Farkas is U.S. Head of Shareholder Intelligence at Georgeson. In this article, they discuss the rising pressure faced by boards from investors and proxy advisor firms, assessing director vulnerability and several considerations to identify and strengthen those vulnerabilities.
Mechanism of Jinteng Qingbi granules in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis using metabolomics analysis
Authors: Tang Jinyang , Wang Zongli , Zhou Caiyun , Wang Xin , Ma Fang , Pan Zheng , Han Shuhua , Li Bin , Du Liyan , Cheng Guoliang , Fang Dingya
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the differential metabolites after rheumatoid arthritis (RA) rats were treated with Jinteng Qingbi granules. Collagen‐induced arthritis rats were divided into three groups, namely normal group, model group, and Jinteng Qingbi granules group. Serum compounds were identified, annotated, and classified using metabolomics to explain the physicochemical properties and biological functions. The metabolites were screened using univariate and multivariate statistical analyses. There were differences in serum metabolites between RA and normal rats; Jinteng Qingbi granules improved RA and recovered the metabolite levels to normal. Compared to the normal group, 51 differential ions were screened, and 108 ions were changed in the Jinteng Qingbi granules group compared to the RA model. Eight metabolites were upregulated in the RA model group compared to the normal group, whereas 10 metabolites were downregulated. Treatment with Jinteng Qingbi granules increased the levels of 12 metabolites such as cinnamate and decreased the levels of 16 metabolites such as allamandin in the RA model. Differential ion enrichment was mainly related to the histidine metabolic pathway in amino acid metabolism. Jinteng Qingbi granules resulted in improvements in the RA model, which were mainly associated with lipids and lipid‐like molecules, organic acids, and derivatives, providing a new possibility and basis for screening biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of RA.
Synthesis and Characterizations of MoS2 Nanoflowers and Spectroscopic Study of their Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin
Authors: Ma Yongshan , Guan Qingxiang , Cui Jingcheng , Jiang Tianyi , Zhu Yanyan , Zhang Fengxia , Ma Guangxiang
Published: May 2024

Molybdenum disulfide nanoflowers (MoS2 NFs) were prepared by hydrothermal method. The prepared MoS2 NFs was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface areas, Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The characterization results show that the flower‐like spherical MoS2 is composed of many ultra‐thin nanosheets with an average diameter of about 300–400 nm. MoS2 NFs also exhibits excellent UV–vis absorption and high fluorescence intensity. In order to explore the biological behavior of MoS2 NFs, the interaction between MoS2 NFs and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by UV–Vis absorption, fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence spectra, and cyclic voltammetry. The results of absorption and fluorescence show that MoS2 NFs and BSA interact strongly through the formation of complexes in the ground state, and the static quenching is the main mechanism. The Stern–Volmer constant and the quenching constant was calculated about 3.79×107 L mol−1 and 3.79×1015 L mol−1 s−1, respectively. The synchronous fluorescence implied that MoS2 in the complex may mainly bind to tryptophan residues of BSA. The cyclic voltammograms indicated that the addition of BSA makes electron reduction of MoS2 NFs more difficult than the corresponding free state. The results show that hydrophobic forces play a major role in the binding interaction between BSA and MoS2 NFs.
A novel mutation in ANOS1 in a Chinese family with Kallmann syndrome: Case report
Authors: Jiang Rong , Qiu Xueting , Han Xingfa , Ma Zhimin
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

We reported a novel variant in Kallmann syndrome. It not only determines the clinical importance of whole exome sequencing for identification of genetic pathogenic variants, but also enriches the ANOS1 genetic spectrum of CHH patients in Chinese population.
Influence of Nitrogen Content in Food Waste on Biogas Production
Authors: Karne Hemlata U. , Bhatkhande Dhananjay
Published: May 2024

High carbon content and high‐level biodegradability are major constraints of the anaerobic digestion of food waste. In the present study, anaerobic digestion of model food waste was carried out in a fed batch digester. Nitrogen content in model food waste was adjusted by the addition of ammonium chloride at the desired C/N ratio. Biogas production at ammonium chloride percentages of 0, 0.8, 1.5, 2.14, and 3.2 % (weight basis) were carried out under mesophilic conditions in a pilot plant scale floating drum digester. At an ammonium chloride percentage of 1.5 % that balances C/N ratio 25, highest biogas production of 0.42 m3 kg−1 of VS was attained while biogas production from food waste without ammonium chloride of 0.06 m3 kg−1 of VS was obtained. The highest methane yield of 0.323 m3 kg−1 of VS was found at ammonium chloride of 1.5 % while methane yield of 0.042 m3 kg−1 of VS was achieved from food waste without ammonium chloride. The highest percent increase CH4 yield of 669 % was obtained at an ammonium chloride percentage of 1.5 %. Biogas productivity obtained at ammonium chloride percentage of 1.5 % was 0.6 L L−1 d−1. Hence, the optimum ammonium chloride percentage obtained was 1.5 % which balances the C/N ratio at 25.
Dimerization of Fe(III) Ion in an Aqueous Medium: Mechanistic Modelling and Effects of Ligands
Authors: De Sharmistha , Das Bidisa
Published: May 2024

Aqueous iron solutions generally undergo spontaneous hydrolysis followed by aggregation resulting in the precipitation of nanocrystalline oxyhydroxide minerals. The mechanism of nucleation of such multinuclear oxyhydroxide clusters are unclear due to limited experimental evidence. Here, we investigate the mechanistic pathway of dimerization of Fe(III) ions using density functional theory (DFT) in aqueous medium considering effects of other ligands. Two hydrolyzed monomeric Fe(III) ions in aqueous medium may react to form two closely related binuclear products, the μ‐oxo and the dihydroxo Fe2 dimer. Our studies indicate that the water molecules in the second coordination sphere and those co‐ordinated to the Fe(III) ion, both participate in the dimerization process. The proposed mechanism effectively explains the formation of dihydroxo and μ‐oxo Fe2 dimers with interconversion possibilities, for the first time. Results show, with only water molecules present in the second co‐ordination sphere, dihydroxo Fe2 dimer is the thermodynamically and kinetically favored product with a low activation free energy. We calculated the step‐wise reaction free energies of dimerization in the presence of nitrate ions in the first and second coordination sphere of Fe(III) ion separately, which shows that with nitrate ions in the second co‐ordination sphere, the μ‐oxo Fe2 dimer is the kinetically favored product.
An Eutectic Mixture in the Tetrabutylammonium Bromide‐Octanol System: Macroscopic and Microscopic Points of View
Authors: Di Muzio Simone , Trequattrini Francesco , Palumbo Oriele , Roy Pascale , Brubach Jean‐Blaise , Paolone Annalisa
Published: May 2024

An eutectic mixture of tetrabutylammonium bromide and octanol in the molar ratio 1–10 exhibited a melting point of −17 °C. This system was investigated by means of infrared spectroscopy, in the liquid and in the solid state. Classical molecular dynamics was performed to study the fine details of the hydrogen bond interactions established in the mixture. Both octanol and the mixtures displayed an almost featureless far‐infrared spectrum in the liquid state but it becomes highly structured in the solid phase. DFT calculations suggest that new vibrational modes appearing in the mixture at low temperatures may be related to the population of the higher energy conformers of the alcohol. Mid‐infrared spectroscopy measurements evidenced no shift of the CH stretching bands in the mixture compared to the starting materials, while the OH stretching are blue shifted by a few cm−1. Consistently, molecular dynamics provides a picture of the mixture in which part of the hydrogen bonds (HB) of pure octanol is replaced by weaker HB formed with the Br anion. Due to these interactions the ionic couple becomes more separated. In agreement with this model, the lengths of all HB are much larger than those observed in mixtures containing acids reported in previous studies.
Explicit Modelling of Spectral Bandshapes by a Mixed Quantum‐Classical Approach: Solvent Order and Temperature Effects in the Optical Spectra of Distyrylbenzene
Authors: Cerezo Javier , Gierschner Johannes , Santoro Fabrizio , Prampolini Giacomo
Published: May 2024

The absorption and emission spectral shapes of a flexible organic probe, the distyrylbenzene (DSB) dye, are simulated accounting for the effect of different environments of increasing complexity, ranging from a homogeneous, low‐molecular‐ weight solvent, to a long‐chain alkane, and, eventually, a channel‐forming organic matrix. Each embedding is treated explicitly, adopting a mixed quantum‐classical approach, the Adiabatic Molecular Dynamics – generalized vertical Hessian (Ad‐MD|gVH) model, which allows a direct simulation of the environment‐induced constraining effects on the vibronic spectral shapes. In such a theoretical framework, the stiff modes of the dye are described at a quantum level within the harmonic approximation, including Duschinsky mixing effects, while flexible degrees of freedom of the solute (e. g. torsions) and those of the solvent are treated classically by means of molecular dynamics sampling. Such a setup is shown to reproduce the distinct effects exerted by the different environments in varied thermodynamic conditions. Besides allowing for a first‐principles rationale on the supramolecular mechanism leading to the experimental spectral features, this result represents the first successful application of the Ad‐MD|gVH method to complex embeddings and supports its potential application to other heterogeneous environments, such as for instance, pigment‐protein complexes or organic dyes adsorbed into metal‐organic frameworks.
White Light Emissive Eu(III) Complexes through Ligand Engineering and their Applications in Cool Near Ultraviolet White Light Emitting Diodes and Thermometer
Authors: Maredi Swetha , Mund Sibani , Nayak Sandhya Rani , Devineni Samatha , Subrahmanyam C. , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: May 2024

In pursuit of enhancing white light quality for solid‐state lighting (SSL) applications, an attempt has been made to design novel imidazo−bipyridyl ligands as an ancillary ligand to obtain multiple emissions (mimic sunlight) in the Eu‐complex. By strategically modifying the phenanthroline core with imidazo−bipyridyl incorporation with 1 or 2‐Napthyl groups at the C1 position, the excitation spectral line is successfully shifted from Ultraviolet (UV) to near UV/visible spectrum (where the LED emission occurs). The ligands showed greenish blue emission in solid and solution. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were utilized to understand the energy transfer processes from ligand to Eu ion in the Eu complexes. The analysis revealed that the energy transfer is incomplete, primarily attributed to the proximity of triplet state energy levels to the resonance level of Eu(III) ions as reflected in solvatochromism. These complexes exhibit a unique dual emissive behavior (emitting multi‐color) including white light across various solvents. These complexes hold great promise as single‐component white light‐emissive materials, with potential applications in white light‐emitting diodes (WLED). The fabricated white LED showed an excellent color rendering index (CRI ~93 %). Beyond lighting, this distinctive property opens avenues for temperature sensing ([Eu(DBM)31‐Naph] shows the highest sensitivity of Sr=10.97 %, and [Eu(DBM)32‐Naph] shows the highest sensitivity of Sr=5.5 % at 333 K) and vapoluminescent (acid‐base on‐off‐on luminescence) studies. This research pioneers the development of these complexes as potential single‐component materials for superior white LEDs, underlining their multifaceted utility in cutting‐edge lighting and sensing technologies.
A Ratiometric Green Fluorescent Carbazole‐Bis(hydrazinobenzothiazole) Probe for the Selective Detection of Toxic Hg2+ Ions in Real Water Samples
Authors: Leslee Denzil Britto Christopher , Karuppannan Sekar
Published: May 2024

A dyad Carbazolyl‐bis(hydrazinobenzothiazole) was designed to form a symmetrical structure that containing two‐arm active binding sites facilitates coordination with Hg2+ ion. This sensor has imparted a colorimetric and fluorometric changes in presence of Hg2+ ions. The ligand showed a selective blue shift in presence of Hg2+even in co‐existence with heavy metal ions with luminescence change from colorless to blue and colorless to green under day light. Enhanced Intramolecular charge transfer process is responsible for fluorescence transformation when ligand interacts with Hg2+ ion. The emission spectra showed a ratiometric response to increasing addition of Hg2+ ions. The sensor is capable of detecting above the lower concentration of 6.8025×10−8 M. The fluorescence efficiency of CBT‐2 with Hg2+ ion is quite stable under different co‐metal ions and wide range of pH 6 to 9. The sensor CBT‐2 forms a 1 : 1 stoichiometric complex with Hg2+ ions and the binding nature is confirmed from the 1H‐NMR, FTIR, and mass spectroscopic studies. The sensor CBT‐2 and its Hg2+ complex possess good binding nature to protein in Bovine Serum Albumin which could be good in biological applications. Additionally, wedevelop a practical application in real water sample analysis and electrochemical detection via oxidation potential discrimination.
The rise of the apps: FTC and DOJ crack down on provider selling data
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

The recent Federal Trade Commission (FTC) and Department of Justice (DOJ) action against Monument Inc. for selling patient data, is just the tip of the iceberg. Monument Inc. positions itself as a treatment provider (the website home page says it provides “therapy” for alcoholism) but in its extensive terms of use, it says it is not a treatment provider. And in fact, since the FTC/DOJ action this spring, Monument radically changed its website, removing the offending promise of “confidentiality” which it breached, but still selling services (lowest price $15/month).
The Cass report, gender identity, and where to go next
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2024

Child and adolescent clinicians in the United States have to be paying attention to what has happened to gender medicine in the United Kingdom. The highly respected service at the Tavistock Clinic has come under intense criticism — confusing as that may be — and in April Hilary Cass released her report to the UK's National Health Service expressing concern for gender medicine, saying it is “built on shaky foundations.” Coupled with recent lawsuits against the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and gender‐affirming care, the standard in the United States, clinicians are left pondering their next steps. An editorial in the British Medical Journal following the release of the Cass Report gives a balanced summation. (For the report, go to Download the Final Report). The editorial is subtitled “an opportunity to unite behind evidence informed care in gender medicine.”
Boosting Supercapacitor Efficiency with Amorphous Biomass‐Derived C@TiO2 Composites
Authors: Brandão Ana T. S. C. , Rosoiu‐State Sabrina , Costa Renata , Enache Laura‐Bianca , Mihai Geanina Valentina , Potorac Pavel , Invêncio Inês , Vázquez José A. , Valcarcel Jesus , Silva A. Fernando , Anicai Liana , Pereira Carlos M. , Enachescu Marius
Published: May 2024

Carbon materials are readily available and are essential in energy storage. One of the routes used to enhance their surface area and activity is the decoration of carbons with semiconductors, such as amorphous TiO2, for application in energy storage devices.
Tetrathiafulvalene Carboxylate‐Based Anode Material for High‐Performance Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Yuansheng , Jia Kangkang , Li Xiaoxue , Zhang Jingwei , Huang Guimei , Zhong Cheng , Zhu Linna , Wu Fei
Published: May 2024

Organic electrode materials are promising to be applied in sodium ion batteries (SIBs) due to their low cost and easily modified molecular structures. Nevertheless, low conductivity and high solubility in electrolytes still limit the development of organic electrodes. In this work, a carboxylate small molecule (BDTTS) based on tetrathiafulvalene is developed as anode material for SIBs. BDTTS has a large rigid π‐conjugated planar structure, which may reduce solubility in the electrolyte, meanwhile facilitating charge transporting. Experimental results and theoretical calculations both support that apart from the four carbonyl groups, the sulfur atoms on tetrathiafulvalene also provide additional active sites during the discharge/charge process. Therefore, the additional active sites can well compensate for the capacity loss caused by the large molecular weight. The as‐synthesized BDTTS electrode renders an excellent capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at a current density of 50 mA g−1 and an excellent long‐life performance of 128 mAh g−1 at 2 C after 500 cycles. This work enriches the study on organic electrodes for high‐performance SIBs and paves the way for further development and utilization of organic electrodes.
Rediscovery of the implication of albuminuria in heart failure: emerging classic index for cardiorenal interaction
Authors: Min Kyung‐Duk , Matsumoto Yuki , Asakura Masanori , Ishihara Masaharu
Published: May 2024

The development of new drugs and device therapies has led to remarkable advancements in heart failure (HF) treatment in the past couple of decades. However, it becomes increasingly evident that guideline‐directed medical therapy cannot be one‐size‐fits‐all across a wide range of ejection fractions (EFs) and various aetiologies. Therefore, classifications solely relying on EF and natriuretic peptide make optimization of treatment challenging, and there is a growing exploration of new indicators that enable efficient risk stratification of HF patients. Particularly when considering HF as a multi‐organ interaction syndrome, the cardiorenal interaction plays a central role in its pathophysiology, and albuminuria has gained great prominence as its biomarker, independent from glomerular filtration rate. Albuminuria has been shown to exhibit a linear correlation with cardiovascular disease and HF prognosis in multiple epidemiological studies, ranging from normal (<30 mg/g) to high levels (>300 mg/g). However, on the other hand, it is only recently that the details of the pathological mechanisms that give rise to albuminuria have begun to be elucidated, including the efficient compaction/tightening of the glomerular basement membrane by podocytes and mesangial cells. Interestingly, renal disease, diabetes, and HF damage these components associated with albuminuria, and experimental models have demonstrated that recently developed HF drugs reduce albuminuria by ameliorating these pathological phenotypes. In this review, facing the rapid expansion of horizons in HF treatment, we aim to clarify the current understanding of the pathophysiology of albuminuria and explore the comprehensive understanding of albuminuria by examining the clinically established evidence to date, the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to its occurrence, and the outcomes of clinical studies utilizing various drug classes committed to specific pathological mechanisms to put albuminuria as a novel axis to depict the pathophysiology of HF.
Intraluminal release of citrullinated histone 3 from various cellular origins coincides with microvascular thrombosis in burn wounds
Authors: van der Leeden Britt , Korkmaz H. Ibrahim , Vlig Marcel , Waas Ingeborg S.E. , Boekema Bouke K.H.L. , Hassan Chopie , van Zuijlen Paul P.M. , Niessen Hans W.M. , Gibbs Susan , Krijnen Paul A.J.
Published: May 2024

Loss of perfusion in the burn wound might cause wound deepening and impaired healing. We previously showed persistent microvascular thrombosis coinciding with intraluminal neutrophils extracellular traps in human burned skin. This study investigates the presence of intraluminal citrullinated histone 3 (H3cit) from different cellular origins (neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes) in relation to microvascular thrombosis of burn wounds. Eschar was obtained from burn patients (n = 18) 6–40 days postburn with a mean total burned body surface area of 23%. Microvascular presence of tissue factor (TF), factor XII (FXII) and thrombi was assessed by immunohistochemistry. Intramicrovascular cell death was analyzed via immunofluorescent microscopy, combining antibodies for neutrophils (MPO), monocytes (CD14), and lymphocytes (CD45) with endothelial cell markers CD31 and H3cit. Significantly increased microvascular expression of TF, FXII, and thrombi (CD31+) was found in all eschar samples compared with control uninjured skin. Release of H3cit from different cellular origins was observed in the lumen of the dermal microvasculature in the eschar tissue 7–40 days postburn, with release from neutrophilic origin being 2.7 times more abundant. Intraluminal presence of extracellular H3cit colocalizing with either MPO, CD14, or CD45 is correlated to increased microvascular thrombosis in eschar of burn patients.
AcSac, SacSac, and SacNac, the Forgotten Sulfur‐Based Ligands and their Reactivity in the Formation of Main and Transition Metal Complexes
Authors: Rangel‐Garcia Jesus , Rivas Christopher E. , Serrano Oracio , Cristobal Crispin
Published: May 2024

AcAc (β‐acetylacetonate) are among the first ligands ever to be studied. They form stable complexes with most metals. During the 1960s, their sulfur derivatives were introduced, including AcSac (β‐thioketonate), SacSac (β‐dithioketonate) and SacNac (β‐thioketoiminate). These derivatives exhibit contrasting reactivity, stereochemical, magnetic and spectral properties to their formed complexes. Sulfur ligand‐based complexes were at their pinnacle in the early 1970s, but their fell into disuse, due to the lack of methodologies for obtaining them and the absence of synthetic tools for their structural modification. As an effort to promote the study and application of these sulfur‐ligands; this review will address their history, the properties they bring to the metal centers and their potential applications.
Hyperventilation‐induced cerebellar fit in a patient with Chiari 1.5 malformation
Authors: Sasaki Ryota , Kinoshita Masako , Osugi Nahomi , Hirabayashi Hidehiro , Nakagawa Ichiro
Published: May 2024

Content available: Video.
Cross‐cohort replicable resting‐state functional connectivity in predicting symptoms and cognition of schizophrenia
Authors: Zhao Chunzhi , Jiang Rongtao , Bustillo Juan , Kochunov Peter , Turner Jessica A. , Liang Chuang , Fu Zening , Zhang Daoqiang , Qi Shile , Calhoun Vince D.
Published: May 2024

Schizophrenia (SZ) is a debilitating mental illness characterized by adolescence or early adulthood onset of psychosis, positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive impairments. Despite a plethora of studies leveraging functional connectivity (FC) from functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to predict symptoms and cognitive impairments of SZ, the findings have exhibited great heterogeneity. We aimed to identify congruous and replicable connectivity patterns capable of predicting positive and negative symptoms as well as cognitive impairments in SZ. Predictable functional connections (FCs) were identified by employing an individualized prediction model, whose replicability was further evaluated across three independent cohorts (BSNIP, SZ = 174; COBRE, SZ = 100; FBIRN, SZ = 161). Across cohorts, we observed that altered FCs in frontal‐temporal‐cingulate‐thalamic network were replicable in prediction of positive symptoms, while sensorimotor network was predictive of negative symptoms. Temporal‐parahippocampal network was consistently identified to be associated with reduced cognitive function. These replicable 23 FCs effectively distinguished SZ from healthy controls (HC) across three cohorts (82.7%, 90.2%, and 86.1%). Furthermore, models built using these replicable FCs showed comparable accuracies to those built using the whole‐brain features in predicting symptoms/cognition of SZ across the three cohorts (r = .17–.33, p < .05). Overall, our findings provide new insights into the neural underpinnings of SZ symptoms/cognition and offer potential targets for further research and possible clinical interventions.
In vivo disentanglement of diffusion frequency‐dependence, tensor shape, and relaxation using multidimensional MRI
Authors: Johnson Jessica T. E. , Irfanoglu M. Okan , Manninen Eppu , Ross Thomas J. , Yang Yihong , Laun Frederik B. , Martin Jan , Topgaard Daniel , Benjamini Dan
Published: May 2024

Diffusion MRI with free gradient waveforms, combined with simultaneous relaxation encoding, referred to as multidimensional MRI (MD‐MRI), offers microstructural specificity in complex biological tissue. This approach delivers intravoxel information about the microstructure, local chemical composition, and importantly, how these properties are coupled within heterogeneous tissue containing multiple microenvironments. Recent theoretical advances incorporated diffusion time dependency and integrated MD‐MRI with concepts from oscillating gradients. This framework probes the diffusion frequency, , in addition to the diffusion tensor, , and relaxation, , , correlations. A clinical imaging protocol was then introduced, with limited brain coverage and 3 mm3 voxel size, which hinder brain segmentation and future cohort studies. In this study, we introduce an efficient, sparse in vivo MD‐MRI acquisition protocol providing whole brain coverage at 2 mm3 voxel size. We demonstrate its feasibility and robustness using a well‐defined phantom and repeated scans of five healthy individuals. Additionally, we test different denoising strategies to address the sparse nature of this protocol, and show that efficient MD‐MRI encoding design demands a nuanced denoising approach. The MD‐MRI framework provides rich information that allows resolving the diffusion frequency dependence into intravoxel components based on their distribution, enabling the creation of microstructure‐specific maps in the human brain. Our results encourage the broader adoption and use of this new imaging approach for characterizing healthy and pathological tissues.
The role of nurses and midwives in medical laboratory investigations in sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Window Miriam , Nayupe Symon F. , Msiska Mama T. , Lucero‐Prisno Don E.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Across the globe, nurses and midwives play a crucial role in providing care to patients in healthcare facilities. They often contact the patient, providing direct care as directed by medical doctors or clinical officers. Traditionally, the role of nurses and midwives in the clinical diagnosis process is to coordinate the clinical diagnosis process—which includes laboratory diagnosis requests—from diagnosticians to the clinical laboratory. In these settings, these diagnosticians are general or specialist medical doctors. However, in some regions in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA), nurses and midwives are primary diagnosticians in healthcare facilities.

Methodology

We present a perspective on the role of nurses and midwives in medical laboratory investigations in SSA. We highlight how, on top of nursing and midwifery roles, nurses take up the role of diagnosticians in facilities where doctors are few or are absent and what key issues are worth consideration. Furthermore, we present how efficient collaboration between nursing midwifery and medical laboratory diagnostic systems facilitates effective patient management.

Conclusion

Emphasizing training on laboratory test utilization for nurses and midwives in SSA is vital for enhancing healthcare outcomes.
Contraceptive strategies for reducing the risk of reproductive cancers
Authors: Aliabadi A. R. , Wilailak Sarikapan , McNally Orla , Berek Jonathan S. , Sridhar Aparna ,   FIGO Committee on Contraception,   FIGO Committee on Women's Cancer
Published: May 2024

Reproductive cancers, encompassing various malignancies like endometrial, ovarian, cervical cancer, and gestational trophoblastic neoplasia, pose a significant global health burden. Understanding their patterns is vital for effective prevention and management. Contraceptives show a protective effect against some of these cancers. This clinical guidance document aims to elucidate the disease burden of reproductive cancers and the evidence supporting contraceptive methods in prevention and management. Regional disparities in incidence and mortality highlight the urgent need for targeted interventions, particularly in low‐resource settings. Healthcare providers must weigh individual risk profiles and medical eligibility criteria when discussing contraceptive options. Enhanced health literacy through direct patient education is essential for leveraging low‐cost behavioral interventions to mitigate reproductive cancer risks.
Biofunctionalization of dental abutments by a zinc/chitosan/gelatin coating to optimize fibroblast behavior and antibacterial properties
Authors: Han Jing , Andrée Lea , Deng Dongmei , van Oirschot Bart A. J. A. , Plachokova Adelina S. , Leeuwenburgh Sander C. G. , Yang Fang
Published: May 2024

Tightly sealed peri‐implant gingival tissue provides a barrier against oral bacterial invasion, protecting the alveolar bone and maintaining long‐term implant survival. To investigate if zinc can enhance the integration between peri‐implant gingival tissue and abutment surface, we herein present novel zinc/chitosan/gelatin (Zn/CS/Gel) coatings prepared using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique. The effect of these coatings on human gingival fibroblasts (hGFs) was investigated by culturing these cells on top of the EPD coatings. Surface characterization demonstrated that Zn2+ were released in a sustained and pH‐responsive manner. The preclinical cell culture evaluation of these coatings indicated that the zinc‐containing coatings enhanced cell migration, adhesion and collagen secretion of hGFs. Moreover, the zinc‐containing coatings exhibited antibacterial efficacy by inhibiting the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis and reducing attachment of Staphylococcus aureus. Notably, zinc‐free CS/Gel coatings prevented attachment of P. gingivalis as well. The coatings were also shown to be cytocompatible with epithelial cells and osteoblasts, which are other relevant cell types which surround dental implants after clinical placement. Based on our findings, it can be concluded that Zn‐containing coatings hold promise to enhance the adhesion of gingival tissue to the implant surface, which may potentially contribute to the formation of a robust peri‐implant soft sealing counteracting bacterial invasion.
School counselors in the classroom: A systematic review
Authors: Slaten Christopher D. , Lee Jisu , Wachter‐Morris Carrie , Williams Michael Steven , Huynh Jenny
Published: May 2024

The American School Counseling Association has continuously defined school counselors as having a role in the classroom across four different iterations of the ASCA Model. And yet, the amount of scholarly production is limited along with the amount of time school counselors report actually spending time in the classroom with students. Further, the social‐emotional learning (SEL) movement, among others, has encouraged the utilization of teachers in classrooms to provide lessons and interventions related to the social‐emotional development of students rather than school counselors who have been trained to do so. The current study examines the literature on school counselor‐facilitated classroom interventions over the past 30 years utilizing systematic review procedures to do so. The results indicate that only 40 classroom intervention studies have been published in peer‐reviewed journals over the past 30 years. Implications for counselor education scholars and school counselors are discussed.
Comparing stimulus preference and response force in a conjugate preparation: A replication with auditory stimulation
Authors: Cook Jennifer L. , Baruni Rasha R. , Pinkston Jonathan W. , Rapp John T. , Miltenberger Raymond G. , Deshmukh Shreeya , Walker Emma , Tai Sharayah
Published: May 2024

This study examined a conjugate approach for evaluating auditory stimulus preference for 81 participants using force as a continuous response dimension. First, the researchers used a verbal preference assessment to evaluate each participant's preference for listening to five genres of music. This process identified high‐preference and low‐preference music for each participant. Thereafter, the researchers exposed each participant to the five music genres in a randomized order while using a hand dynamometer to measure their response force to increase the auditory clarity of the music. The results indicate (a) 63% of the participants' high‐preference music genres corresponded to the genre for which they exerted the highest mean force and (b) most participants' low‐preference music genres corresponded to the genre for which they exerted the lowest mean force. These findings are consistent with those from Davis et al. (2021) and further support using conjugate preparations for measuring the relative value of some stimulus events.
Scanning electron microscopic investigation onChicorytribe (Compositae) botanical sources and their antimicrobial potential
Authors: AlNadhari Saleh , Al‐Qahtani Wahidah H. , Bughio Farooque Ali , Memon Rabia Asma , Kamran Muhammad Aqeel , Toker Ömer Said , Dodona Erta , Biturku Jonida , Maho Adrian , Jaradat Nidal , Zengin Gokhan , Mammadova Afat O. , Azad Abul Kalam , Güvensen Aykut , Abdel Karimou Ngamsou
Published: May 2024

This study discusses the micro‐level structural details of Cichorieae pollen sources elucidated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and explains their symmetry and morphometry. The in‐depth knowledge from the electron ultrastructure of Asteraceae pollen has provided insights into enhanced pollen morphology, and the antimicrobial significance of species under study presents novel avenues for their natural defense mechanisms in the development of antimicrobial agents. In this research, both quantitative and qualitative features of pollen were examined. The pollen grains are prolate‐spheroidal and oblate‐spheroidal in shape, characterized by a maximum polar diameter of 55.6–61.0 μm and a maximum equatorial distance of 68.3–74.4 μm. SEM reveals various configurations such as echinate perforate‐tectate, psilate, and echino‐lophate perforate. The Cichorieae species have significant antimicrobial efficacy and are promising sources for the development of novel antimicrobial drugs with potential implications in pharmaceutical and healthcare industries. SEM analysis of Cichorieae pollens has provided remarkable insights into their unique structures, revealing diverse shapes and surface ornamentations, which can be used for accurate Asteraceae species identification.

Research Highlights

SEM provides unique pollen surface structures and patterns of Chicory pollen grains.

Chemical composition of Chicory botanical sources provides valuable information on their potential as antimicrobial agents.

SEM imaging reveals specialized fenestrate grain structures of taxonomic importance.
The relation between resident mentorship and in‐training examination scores: A nation‐wide, cross‐sectional study in Japan
Authors: Katayama Kohta , Nishizaki Yuji , Takada Toshihiko , Kataoka Koshi , Houchens Nathan , Shimizu Taro , Yamamoto Yu , Watari Takashi , Tokuda Yasuharu , Ohira Yoshiyuki
Published: May 2024

Background

Mentorship is a dynamic reciprocal relationship, wherein a novice (mentee) grows with the encouragement of an advanced careerist (mentor). It is widely implemented in medical training programs. However, there are few reports on mentorship's educational effects in the Japanese context. This study investigated the association between mentorship and in‐training examination scores during a clinical residency program in Japan.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted in Japan, involving first and second year postgraduate (PGY‐1 and PGY‐2) residents set to take the General Medicine In‐Training Examination (GM‐ITE) at the end of the academic year of 2021. The GM‐ITE, developed by a non‐profit organization in 2012, assesses the overall clinical knowledge of PGY‐1 and PGY‐2 residents. Data on mentorship were obtained through an electronic survey, conducted immediately after the GM‐ITE. The association between a resident's self‐reported identification of at least one mentor and GM‐ITE score was analyzed at multiple levels.

Results

Of the total 4929 residents, 3266 (66.3%) reported having mentors. However, there was no association between mentorship and GM‐ITE scores (adjusted score difference [aSD] = −0.22; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: −0.64 to 0.19).

Conclusions

Among Japanese residents, in‐training examination scores were not associated with mentorship.