bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronicle of the first planned excavation in Hungary: István Schönvisner and De ruderibus
Authors: Sánta Sára
Published: July 2021

The excavation carried out by István Schönvisner, under what is today Florian Square (Budapest, Distr. III.), next to the Villa Torcularia, during which he revealed the sudatorium of Aquincum’s bigger bath, the Thermae Maiores began on 10th February 1778. Thanks to this excavation and the rapid publication of the results, the professor of antiquity and numismatics of Buda University became the founder of provincial archaeological research in Pannonia. In the same year he published the results of the exploration in De Ruderibus Laconici Caldariique Romani..., which – like Schönvisner’s other works – is revolutionary. He systematically processed the inscribed and figurative fragments which were discovered during the excavation and gave a complete overview of the era’s cultural history. In this paper, I would like to demonstrate the historical and cultural historical importance of this work, present its structure, the topics discussed, and the results by which István Schönvisner laid down the foundations of scientific classical archaeology in Hungary.
Commune sepulcrum
Authors: Somfai Péter
Published: July 2021

In Roman literature, Troy appears as a locus memoriae on several occasions. As a locus memoriae is an image of a location’s past state, it inevitably recalls that past state’s absence in the present. Troy as a literary locus memoriae recalls its own present absence, that it is only a ruin, or – according to Lucan – even less than a ruin. In this context, a literary phenomenon, i. e. the depiction of Troy being the equivalent of the absence of/or the grief for the loss of something or somebody can later be traced in the Roman poetry. Catullus, mourning his brother’s death at Troy, calls the city the common grave (commune sepulcrum) of Asia and Europe in his carmen 68. Regarding Troy, several complex allusions can be noticed in Vergil’s Aeneid recalling both Catullus 68 and 101, the two poems that are in both thematic and intertextual connection with each other. The purpose of the present study is to examine – by means of analysing the above mentioned intertexts – what kind of special locus memoriae Troy becomes in the Aeneid. This will be of crucial importance to observe the way Troy later appears in Lucan’s Bellum Civile.
Endovellicus sanctuary in Portugal: An example of language variation throughout votive inscriptions in Latin
Authors: Gaspar Catarina
Published: July 2021

This paper offers a linguistic analysis of epigraphic texts originating in the Endovellicus sanctuary, with particular reference to their use of and variation in Latin. As this sanctuary was visited by mostly local pilgrims from Roman times to late antiquity, the aim of the linguistic analysis is to identify linguistic variation in the sanctuary’s votive texts. The paper also demonstrates that differences in the spellings of the name of the god worshipped in the sanctuary may show characteristics of Vulgar Latin. The epigraphic corpus under study shows various Vulgar Latin traits common to other epigraphic texts known in Lusitania in the same period, with examples of the literary influence and high-level use of the Latin language, which may be related to the high social and cultural status of certain worshippers.
vivo suo formula, as a possible manifestation of the interconnection of the Greek and Latin languages in Moesia Inferior
Authors: Paulus Nóra
Published: July 2021

The paper focuses on a strange variant of the se vivo expression which can be found mostly in Moesia Inferior: the vivo suo fecit formula. It appears only in twelve inscriptions, but that makes up one third of all the occurrences of the se vivo fecit expression in this region. How can we account for this formula, which cannot be explained by the classical Latin grammar? This intriguing form has attracted the attention of Giovanbattista Galdi, who in 2002 dedicated a paper to the possible origin of the formula. In this paper, he claims that the vivo suo form is the result of the interconnection of the Latin and Greek languages in Moesia Inferior, since the expression usually occurs in areas populated by Greeks. Galdi attributes the emergence of the formula to the fact that the Greek language does not have a possessive pronoun (like the Latin suus), but uses the genitive case of the reflexive pronoun (ἑαυτοῦ) to express the possessive relation. According to this theory the bilingual environment in Moesia Inferior, and more specifically the aforementioned Greek structure caused a confusion in Latin in the use of the possessive pronoun (suus) and the reflexive pronoun (se). The aim of my paper is to examine Galdi’s argument and to point out the problematic elements of this theory.
Consonantal Degemination in Latin Inscriptions of the Roman Empire:
Authors: Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a survey is conducted on the phenomenon of consonantal degemination through the corpus of epigraphic materials. The aim of this research is to understand the nature of this phenomenon and its possible implications in the field of dialectological studies.
Comoedia Togata, a ‘Roman’ Literary Genre?
Authors: Rallo Guiseppe Eugenio
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to shed fresh light on the Togata. By analysing the extant fragments, I will investigate if and in what sense it may be defined as a ‘Roman’ literary genre. I will focus on its ‘Roman-ness’, and I will highlight that it is a complex concept, without the ‘nationalistic’ connotations that one normally gives to the notion. I will demonstrate that the Togata is ‘Roman’ because it betrayed an attempt at creating a genre distinguished from the Palliata, and it had a widespread ‘Roman’ patina, with settings, names, and stereotypes which one would not find in other contemporary genres, in particular the Palliata. At the same time, I will also reflect on the fact that the Togata was a multifarious genre, with Latin, Italic, and Greek elements, and I will show that this was, paradoxically, another aspect of its ‘Roman-ness’.
Fathers and Sons Catullan Echoes of Remembering and Forgetting in Vergil’s Aeneid
Authors: Somfai Péter
Published: July 2021

In Vergil’s Aeneid the problematics of remembering and forgetting emerge as an issue of essential importance: the Trojans – somewhat paradoxically – have to bring about both of them in order to be able to found a new native land in Italy. The matter in question emphatically occurs in two speeches of fathers given to their sons in the epic: in that of the shade of Anchises given to Aeneas in Book 5 and in that of Aeneas given to Ascanius in Book 12. These passages both recall the speech of Aegeus to Theseus in Catullus 64, in which the father aims to ‘program’ his son’s mind to remember his instructions. It will be of fundamental importance to observe the way the Catullan text presenting the failure of this kind of ‘mnemotechnical’ remembering encodes forgetting into the Vergilian passages mentioned above, by means of intertextual connections.
Velleius Paterculus and the Roman Senate at the Beginning of the Principate
Authors: Markelov Andrei Y.
Published: July 2021

The “Roman history” by Velleius Paterculus is the sole historiographical work written by a contemporary of Augustus and Tiberius. The paper deals with representation of the Roman Senate of Velleius’ time in his work. I argue that in his compendium the historian reflected the ambivalent position of the Senate under the first two Roman Emperors. He depicts the institution as more passive in comparison with its description in the previous period and as depending on the Princeps. At the same time this Roman author characterizes the Senate as having maiestas, the notion which was not connected with this authority under the Republic. Assigning of maiestas to the Senate by Velleius reflects a deep change in the position of the curia due to decline of the popular assemblies’ significance at the beginning of the Principate.
Life and Work of Prague Master Simon of Tišnov
Authors: Dobiáš Karel
Published: July 2021

The Bohemian Reformation is a widely researched topic. However, not enough attention is given to all participants during the course events. The aim of this article is to introduce the life and literary work of the little-known University of Prague Master, Simon of Tišnov (ca. 1370–1432), a medieval scholar with roots in the Moravian town called Tišnov, a defender of John Wycliffe’s philosophy, an ardent supporter of the Bohemian reformation movement and, eventually, an objector, or rather an opponent, of those who followed the teachings of John Wycliffe and John Hus. The article is focused on Simon’s very first publication, viz. the Defensio of John Wycliffe’s treatise De probationibus propositionum which is also known under the title Logicae continuatio.
Virgil’s Dido and the Death of Marcus Antonius
Authors: Fratantuono Lee
Published: July 2021

Virgil’s account of the death of Dido at the end of Aeneid IV has been the subject of an appreciably extensive critical bibliography. What has not been recognized to date has been the influence of the tradition of the suicide of the former triumvir Marcus Antonius on Virgil’s depiction of Dido’s demise.
Study on the Weakening of the Word Final –s Compared to –m in the Epigraphic Corpus
Authors: Paulus Nóra
Published: July 2021

The position of the word final –s, after a weakening in archaic Latin, seems to be fixed in the spoken language in the classical period. Then, it partially disappeared in the Romance languages: in modern languages, it is conserved only north and west of the Massa–Senigallia line, while we cannot find it neither in the eastern regions nor in South Italy. Based on this fact, linguists generally claim that the weakening of the final –s started only after the intensive dialectal diversification of Latin, simultaneously with the evolution of the Romance languages. However, the data of the Computerized Historical Linguistic Database of Latin Inscriptions of the Imperial Age (LLDB) do not verify this generally accepted opinion. We can find almost as many examples of the lack of word final –s as that of –m also from the earlier centuries of the Imperial age. The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons behind the inconsistencies between the scholarly consensus and the epigraphical data.
DOMESTIC PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT ABOUT NATIONAL MENTALITY
Authors: Amelina E. M , Roldugin O. Yu
Published: July 2021

The article examines the views of the classics of Russian philosophical thought (V.S. Solovyev, S.N. Bulgakov, I.A. Ilyin and N.A. Berdyaev) on the essence of the national mentality. The interpretation of nationalism and cosmopolitanism given by thinkers is revealed. Their understanding of the essence of the Russian national mentality, its advantages and disadvantages is considered in detail.
RUSSIAN THINKERS ABOUT THE BASES OF PHYSICAL REALITY
Authors: Vladimirov Yu. S
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to the discussion of research in the field of fundamental theoretical physics in Russia. The role of fundamental physics and the attitude of a number of colleagues to it are shown. A close connection between the development of modern fundamental physics and the principles of metaphysics is indicated. Important considerations about the foundations of fundamental physics, expressed by well-known Russian scientists in the middle of the 20th century and at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, are presented.
MENTALITY AS AN UNDERLYING ANTHROPOLOGICAL REALITY AND WAYS OF ITS COMPREHENSION IN THE HUMANITIES (EXPERIENCE OF EPISTEMOLOGICAL CONSIDERATION)
Authors: Postovalova V. I
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to the epistemological analysis of the formation of the idea of mentality in modern humanitarian knowledge. The sources, approaches and main directions in the understanding of mentality in the science of the 20-21st centuries are considered. The idea is being developed that the dynamic path of teaching about mentality in modern culture can be presented as an ascent from polydisciplinarity in the study of mentality to the creation of mentology as an integrative discipline. The idea is that in order to understand the processes of the formation of the idea of mentality in humanitarian knowledge, it is necessary to take into account, in addition to the immanent perspective of the presentation of this topic as part of individual disciplines, also the general context of the formation of humanitarian knowledge. The question of the heuristic value of ideas and principles of doctrines about integrity for the development of integrative concepts of mentality is discussed. It is suggested that the “anthropology of wholeness” can be chosen as an ontological basis for the development of mentology, and “philosophy of wholeness” in its various versions, based on the principles of holism, and particularly - on the principle of all-encompassing unity, can be chosen as a methodological tool for constructing this discipline.
The Phenomenon of Cognitive Polyphasia in Social Representations on the Mentally
Authors: Emelyanova Tatiana P. , Israelyan Tatiana V.
Published: July 2021

The present study is focused on the phenomenon of cognitive polyphasia in the context of representations of mentally ill people by different groups of society. The authors put at the forefront the problem of finding the conditions for the actualization of cognitive polyphasia. The study was aimed at identifying manifestations of cognitive polyphasia in the structure of social representations (SRs) of the mentally ill in the groups of Orthodox respondents and non-believers. The sample consisted of Orthodox Christians: N = 114 (49 males and 65 females) and non-believers: N = 113 (76 males and 37 females) in the age ranges 18-23, 40-45 and 60-65 years, permanently residing in Moscow. The survey of the respondents at the main stage of the research was carried out using: (1) the authors questionnaire developed on the basis of the results of the search stage and including 29 statements; (2) a scale of self-assessed degree of religiosity; (3) a modified D. Feldes Psychological Distance Scale; (4) a modified sentence completion method; (5) the Bubbles technique and (6) a question pool for obtaining socio-demographic information. The results showed that the emotional component of SRs of the mentally ill changed their modality depending on the survey methods used. When the respondents evaluated the statements of the questionnaire, the core of SRs in both groups contained elements that were extremely sympathetic towards the mentally ill, and the statements revealing negative emotions (the possibility of contracting a mental illness or the need to isolate these people from society) were on the periphery of their representations. At the same time, the data of the projective methods showed that the negative representation background (as compared to the positive one) in relation to mentally ill people significantly predominated among both believers and non-believers. The negative representation of the mentally ill is most pronounced in the group of non-believers and reaches the highest rates in the group of 60-65-year-old respondents. We regard such ambivalence as a manifestation of cognitive polyphasia and, in particular, its variety, i.e., selective prevalence.
Methodological approaches to the development of investment activities of a professional sports organization
Authors: Matviyenka Aliaksandr I.
Published: July 2021

The article discusses ways to improve the investment regulation of professional sports organizations. The approaches of scientists and researchers in the world economic thought to the problem under study are considered. The effectiveness of professional sports as a type of economic activity in the structure of the national economy of the Republic of Belarus is noted. Based on the assessment of the economic efficiency of the functioning of professional sports organizations in the Republic of Belarus, the analysis of normative legal acts and effective foreign experience, a method of effective regulation of investments in the development of a professional sports organization is proposed, which includes a model of investment regulation and methodological recommendations for maximizing income. In contrast to the existing practice, a holistic system has lined that takes into account the management, marketing, export, information technology, innovation and investment potentials of a professional sports organization. The carried out tested developed methodology for optimize the investment regulation of a professional sports organization on the subject for compliance with real market conditions on the example of the football club of the highest League of the Republic of Belarus Shakhtyor (Soligorsk), the results showed a positive economic effect of organization and revealed directions for the development of its supporting segments.
Positions of Boeing and Airbus in the global civil aircraft industry: comparative analysis
Authors: Kidun Elizaveta S.
Published: July 2021

There is a duopoly in the global civil aircraft industry. The market for the production of passenger aircraft is mainly divided between companies such as Boeing and Airbus. This work describes the history of the creation and activities of both companies throughout their existence, as well as the trends in their activities today, related to external events. Competition between these companies is quite high and exists due to a number of certain factors. The results of this competition are the position of each of the companies in the market, which is reflected in their production and financial indicators and reflects the overall situation in the market for the production of civil aircraft. Also, this work allows us to identify future trends in the activities of these manufacturers, and, accordingly, the entire industry as a whole.
Analysis of currency integration indicators in the Eurasian Economic Union
Authors: Budarina Natalya A. , Chernenkov Artem S.
Published: July 2021

For the world economy, the integration process is one of the most widespread and global. The Eurasian Economic Union is a typical example of bringing countries together to achieve shared goals and to face diverse challenges successfully by implementing coordinated policies and harmonizing the regulatory framework. The formation of a monetary union will be the next stage of integration. The EAEU member States need to achieve a certain level of economic convergence for that purpose. Thus, the main aim of this research article is to analyze some of the economic indicators of the EAEU in order to identify common problems, the solution of which will be necessary for the successful formation and functioning of the monetary union. The authors have studied such indicators as GDP volumes and inflation levels, as well as the dynamics of changes in exchange rates and the level of mutual direct investment in terms of sigma convergence. The authors have also used methods of graphical representation of the scientific results. The reports of the Eurasian Economic Commission and the Central Banks of the EAEU Member States were used as the main sources of statistical data.
Estimating the oil revenues of Iran premised on the US - Iran relationship analysis
Authors: Sineok Mikhail N. , Gribanich Vladimir M.
Published: July 2021

The Islamic Revolution of 1979 has filpped Iran's foreign policy around and country has changed cooperation with the West for confrontation with it. In this regard, over the past 40 years, relations between Iran and the US have had mostly negative dynamics, the country has been permanently under sanctions. During these 40 years, there were periods of exacerbation, in particular in 2006-2013 and after 2018, when the United States imposed serious sanctions against Iran, in particular against the country's oil and gas sector. Thanks to the nuclear deal, bilateral relations entered a short period of relief, that allowed Iran to increase its economic activity. The election of Donald Trump as US President with his aggressive foreign policy, has become the reason for the renewal of sanctions, a reduction in Iranian oil imports and Iran's loss of its positions in the global economy. The 2020 US presidential election has given new impetus to bilateral relations. Trumps opponent Joseph Biden has announced his plans for a softer policy, including relations with Iran. Certain difficulties for Iran in rebuilding the relations and its positions in the world economy arised in view of the presidential elections in the country, due to victory of the conservatives, who do not intend to conduct a constructive dialogue with the West. All these factors are decisive for the future international position of the country, especially in the oil market. As one of the key players in this market, Iran plays an important role in maintaining the balance, especially amid low oil demand caused by the coronavirus pandemic. In this regard, the country's oil export capabilities based on the above factors are analyzed and the most optimal option is esteemed.
“The Image of the World in the Word Appeared...” (Based on the Creative Work of the Bilingual Poet Bakhyt Kairbekov)
Authors: Maslova Valentsina A.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to show that the image of the world of the Kazakh poet, represented by the Russian language, differs both from the Russian image of the world and from the Kazakh, i.e. a foreign language is capable to transform the national image of the world. On the basis of the creative work of the Kazakh poet, translator Bakhyt Kairbekov, the possibility of forming a transnational consciousness through universal and national images is shown. The appeal to his work is due not only to his outstanding talent, but also to the fact that we almost do not know what a modern Kazakh is like, what the world of his ancient homeland is like, nevertheless we live side by side. It was achieved using the method of lingua-cultural interpretation, with the help of which, firstly, the discrepancy between the images of the Kazakh and Russian ethno cultures was revealed, and, secondly, the transformation of the national image of the world was recorded. All the main problems raised in the poetry of Bakhyt Kairbekov draw images of Kazakh culture, the Motherland for him has become one of the main chords of creativity, but in his work there are almost no direct nominations (fatherland, country, etc.), the homeland appears through conjugated images of a horse, heath , freedom, rivers, water, mountains, sky, stars, etc. His poetic image is not a photographic copy of the real world of a Kazakh (heath, mountains, etc.), it contains the attitude of the depicted person to the aesthetic, moral and intellectual values of his people.
Functions of Borrowed Vocabulary in Literary Texts by a Bilingual Author
Authors: Dianova Ljudmila P.
Published: July 2021

The article is devoted to understanding the functional range of borrowed vocabulary in the Russian-language literary text of a bilingual author. In modern science, there is an opinion that this range is limited to a specific nominative function. Moreover, there is a research position that the fact of borrowing vocabulary from an ethnic language is an indicator of interference, that is, in a broad sense, it indicates an unconscious, often erroneous, inclusion of a foreign language word in a literary text. Based on modern research in the field of literary bilingualism, we refute this thesis and strive to show that the functional load of borrowings in works of verbal creativity is very significant: lexical units with a national-cultural component play an important role in text and plot formation, have conceptual, archetypal, symbolic content, act as significators of onto-linguistic being and perform an aesthetic function.
State Support and Competitiveness of Industry: Case of Shipbuilding Industry in Korea
Authors: Tan Soo Kee
Published: July 2021

The competitive advantage of the industry includes access to new technology, availability of highly skilled labour, geographic location, capital outlay, and a business-friendly environment. In the development process, the government plays a significant role in creating a favourable environment to encourage companies to grow. In many cases of the East Asian countries, particularly Japan, South Korea and China, state support is one of the major forces in fostering technology-intensive industries. The East Asian development experiences are totally different from those of the Western nations; a large number of great Western companies were born under the individualistic free-market system, but many giant companies in Japan and South Korea grew big under the state-led economic system. For the East Asian countries, particularly China, Japan and South Korea, state support is a principal tool of economic management. With soft loans from the state banks, favourable tax deductions, and various types of incentives from the government, industrialists in East Asia enjoy a plethora of advantages and benefits. One very good example is the East Asian shipbuilders, which have achieved remarkable success by dominating the world shipbuilding market. Under the state-led development strategy, the world shipbuilding centre was shifted from the West to the East, where South Korea, China and Japan accounting for more than 85% of the global production today. There are many reasons behind this success story, but this study focuses on the government’s role and examine how state support has helped the development of the shipbuilding industry, with South Korea as an example.
THE ENHANCEMENT OF CULTURAL TOURISM ROUTES IN THE LANNA REGION OF NORTHERN THAILAND
Authors: Auttarat Sudarat , Sangkakorn Korawan , Krajangchom Sansanee
Published: July 2021

The Lanna region is a former kingdom in the area of modern-day Northern Thailand that also once extended into Myanmar, Laos and China. Currently, Lanna culture is used as a selling point for tourism to Northern Thailand, but there are problems with the way tourism routes are designed and packaged. This paper aims to promote the architectural value of Lanna culture through the development of tourism routes. The qualitative investigation assesses existing Lanna tourist routes in Northern Thailand and develops guidelines for the development of cultural tourism in the region. Initial research led to the identification of 35 sites for in-depth evaluation. Data was gathered by document research, field evaluation and interviews following criteria co-developed by Chulalongkorn University and the Department of Tourism (2007). Findings indicated that destinations in Northern Thailand are of a good standard but should be developed in terms of tourism support and management. The researchers produced guidelines for the development of individual attractions and designed cultural routes according to provincial boundaries and periodic themes.
Immediate Postpartum IUD Training Within a Regional Network of Family Medicine Residencies
Authors: Zhang Ying , Sheth Sonali , Weidner Amanda K.H. , Egwuatu Patricia , Webb Lauren , Shih Grace
Published: July 2021

Background and Objective: Immediate postpartum placement of intrauterine devices (PPIUD) offers important benefits to patients. Little is known about PPIUD training or knowledge within family medicine residency programs. We evaluated PPIUD experience and prior training among family medicine residents and faculty.
Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of residents and faculty in 24 regional family medicine residency programs in 2018. Survey questions focused on reception of PPIUD training and experience with PPIUD counseling and placement.
Results: The final survey sample included 203 residents and 100 faculty with an overall response rate of 39%. About 26% (n=79) of all participants reported receiving prior training for counseling and placement of PPIUDs, while 16% (n=48) of participants had ever placed a PPIUD. Twenty-six percent (n=78) of participants reported that their residency programs offered PPIUD training. Residents and faculty who reported past PPIUD training and/or placement experience were more likely to have ever counseled patients about PPIUD (P<.001) and report that their primary training hospital offered PPIUD to patients (P<.001) and their residency programs offered PPIUD training (P<.001).
Conclusions: Few programs offer routine PPIUD training opportunities for family medicine residents and faculty, which may contribute to limited availability of PPIUD to patients. There is a need to improve PPIUD training and placement opportunities for both family medicine residents and faculty.
A região cárstica dos Campos Gerais, Paraná-São Paulo, Brasil: revisão de conceitos, potencial espeleológico e políticas públicas de geoconservação
Authors: Pontes Henrique Simão , Fernandes Luiz Alberto , De Melo Mário Sérgio , Massuqueto Laís Luana
Published: July 2021

A região cárstica dos Campos Gerais (RCCG), situada nos estados do Paraná e São Paulo, é considerada uma nova região cárstica brasileira. A área congrega várias cavernas e feições típicas de relevo cárstico, desenvolvido em rochas da Formação Furnas e da subunidade Vila Velha (Grupo Itararé), compostas, sobretudo por quartzoarenitos. Os conceitos de região cárstica, província espeleológica e distrito espeleológico muitas vezes se confundem e até mesmo são utilizados como sinônimos. Propõe-se aqui nova conceituação para estes termos visando seu uso na gestão de territórios, políticas públicas e geoconservação. Apresenta-se um algoritmo matemático para estabelecimento do potencial espeleológico estimado (PEE) de uma área, visando indicar parâmetros menos subjetivos sobre a possibilidade de existência de cavernas. O cálculo proposto visa evitar parâmetros vagos, como a ausência ou baixo potencial de ocorrência de cavidades e rochas carbonáticas. Após tal revisão de conceitos, apresentação do PEE e registro da nova região cárstica, discute-se sobre as políticas públicas e procedimentos administrativos na esfera estadual e municipal, com foco de análise no distrito cárstico de Ponta Grossa (DCPG), área de maior concentração de cavernas da RCCG. Presença de problemas legais e em procedimentos administrativos apontam os riscos na proteção do patrimônio geológico da área frente às atividades e empreendimentos de significativo potencial degradador. Ao final, discute-se sobre a gestão do território na RCCG, que devido às suas fragilidades ambientais, necessita controle diferenciado sobre o uso e ocupação do solo, orientado por instrumentos de gestão claros e concisos, adotando-se sempre o princípio da precaução.
Protección fitosanitaria del arbolado urbano en San José, Costa Rica
Authors: Rodriguez Maria , Marcela Arguedas Gamboa
Published: July 2021

Los espacios verdes en las ciudades, incluyendo el arbolado cumplen múltiples funciones para beneficio de la sociedad. Generalmente, los árboles en la ciudad se encuentran en condiciones desfavorables para su salud, lo que disminuye su vigor y muchos de ellos se enferman. Para manejar cualquier problema fitosanitario, es indispensable realizar un diagnóstico que permita determinar claramente sus causas. Se describen en este artículo los principales problemas fitosanitarios detectados en la ciudad de San José (Costa Rica), producidos por agentes bióticos como insectos, ácaros, hongos, bacterias y muérdagos y otros factores limitantes para su desarrollo del arbolado.
Bases para la mejora genética en la rosa del desierto (Adenium obesum)
Authors: Zuñiga Orozco Andres , Carrodeguas Gonzalez Ayerin
Published: July 2021

Adenium obesum es una planta de la familia Apocynaceae con alto valor ornamental. El atractivo y diversidad de sus flores junto a la porción de tallo engrosado que presenta, le confieren un elevado atractivo. A pesar de ser una planta muy apreciada en la jardinería y altamente comercializada, existen muy pocos estudios sobre genética. El mercado de plantas ornamentales exige la creación constante de nuevas variedades de A. obesum para aumentar la oferta, sin embargo, el mejoramiento genético que se ha realizado en la especie ha sido convencional mediante cruces y no se han realizado técnicas biotecnológicas. Objetivo: hacer una consolidación de información acerca de la genética de A. obesum para crear la base de un futuro programa de mejora genética. Se tuvo en cuenta aspectos como: características generales de la especie, morfología floral, métodos de propagación, polinización manual, autoincompatibilidad y diferentes técnicas que pueden apoyar un programa de mejora.
Management of intangibles in agricultural organizations as a competitive advantage
Authors: Barrientos Monsalve Ender José , Morris Molina Lloyd Herbert , Cárdenas Guitiérrez Javier Alfonso , Sisa Vargas Alvaro
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this work was to make a meditation on the management of intangibles as it is a strategic vision for organizations to be at the forefront of big competitive companies, this research was done under a documentary and descriptive methodology through the analysis of the conceptualizations of knowledge management based on intellectual capital and its dimensions, describing each one with the aspects of agricultural management to determine how to increase the competitiveness of the organization and be able to improve the weaknesses of this type of traditionalist companies, and so they can unblock their state to progress.
ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT MASYARAKAT DESA MANIS MATA KABUPATEN KETAPANG
Authors: Sangga Saputra , Syamswisna  , Marliana Reni
Published: July 2021

The local wisdom of the people of Manis Mata Village in utilizing plants as traditional medicine is still widely practiced. Public knowledge about medicinal plants is passed down from generation to generation. The people of Manis Mata Village make a lot of use of traditional medicinal plants, but there is no documented data that it is feared that the natural habitat of the plants will be lost due to forest fires, logging of trees, clearing of oil palm land and other natural disasters. The purpose of this study was to determine the types of plants used as traditional medicine by the people of Manis Mata Village. The research method used is descriptive method with triangulation data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews and documentation. Information about medicinal plants was obtained from 94 informants consisting of traditional healers, and people in Manis Mata Village. The results of the research obtained 46 medicinal plant species consisting of 26 families and the most widely used part of the leaves and plants which were most commonly found as medicine was the families zingiberaceae.

Kearifan lokal masyarakat Desa Manis Mata dalam memanfaatkan Tumbuhan sebagai obat Tradisional masih banyak dilakukan. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang Tumbuhan obat diwariskan secara turun-temurun. Masyarakat Desa Manis Mata banyak memanfaatkan tumbuhan obat tradisional, tetapi belum ada data yang didokumentasikan dikhawatirkan habitat alami tumbuhan akan hilang akibat kebakaran hutan, penebangan pohon, pembukaan lahan kelapa sawit dan bencana alam lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat Tradisional oleh masyarakat di Desa Manis Mata. Metode penelitian yang digunakan metode deskriftif dengan teknik pengumpulan data triangulasi yaitu observasi,wawancara dan dokumentasi. Informasi tentang tumbuhan obat diperoleh dari 94 orang informan yang terdiri dari pengobat Tradisional, dan masyarakat di Desa Manis Mata dari hasil penelitian diperoleh 46 spesies tumbuhan obat yang terdiri 26 famili serta bagian yang paling banyak digunakan daun dan tumbuhan yang paling banyak ditemukan sebagai obat yaitu famili zingiberaceae.
STUDI ETNOBOTANI TUMBUHAN OBAT TRADISIONAL OLEH MASYARAKAT DI KELURAHAN SETAPUK KECIL SINGKAWANG
Authors: Haziki Haziki , Syamswisna
Published: July 2021

Ethnobotany is the use of medicinal plants by the loval environment. Many of the setapuk kecil  environment still use plants as traditional medicines that have been passed down from generation to generation. Environment knowledge about traditional medicine is obtained from grandmothers and parents as well as experiences that are taught directly through oral or  of these plants will be lost due to forest fires, the conversion of forest land into fields. This will certainly be lost if it is not preserved. he purpose of this research is to find out what types of plants are used as traditional medicines by the people of Setapuk Kecil Singkawang. Information about the use of herbs as traditional medicine was obtained from the local environment as informants. The number of informants was 89 people consisting of traditional healers, village shamans, medicinists, massage artisans and local people. The technique of collecting information is using triangulation technique. There are 43 species of medicinal plants that belong to 31 families to treat 22 diseases as traditional medicine. The most widely used families were 3 species of zingiberaceae, 3 species of piperaceae, and the most widely used plant parts were leaves of 26 species.

 

Etnobotani merupakan pemanfaatan tumbuhan oleh masyarakat setempat. Masyarakat setapuk kecil masih banyak yang menggunakan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional yang diwariskan secara turun temurun. Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang pengobatan secara tradisional didapatkan dari nenek dan orang tua serta pengalaman-pengalaman yang  diajarkan secara langsung melalui lisan ataupun praktik. Data tumbuhan obat tersebut belum didokumentasikan. Habitat alami dari tumbuhan tersebut di khawatirkan akan hilang akibat dari kebakaran hutan, pengalihan lahan hutan menjadi ladang. Hal ini tentu akan dapat hilang apabila tidak dilestarikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui jenis-jenis tumbuhan apa saja yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional oleh masyarakat setapuk kecil singkawang. Informasi tentang penggunaan tumbuhan tumbuhan sebagai obat tradisional diperoleh dari masyarakat setempat sebagai informan. Jumlah informan sebanyak 89 orang yang terdiri pengobat tradisional, dukun kampung, peramu obat, tukang urut dan masyarakat setempat. Teknik pengumpulan data secara triangulasi yaitu obsevasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian didapatkan 43 spesies tumbuhan obat yang tergolong ke dalam 31 famili untuk mengobati 22 penyakit. Famili yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu zingiberaceae sebanyak 3 spesies, dan piperaceae 3 spesies, serta bagian tumbuhan yang paling banyak digunakan yaitu daun sebanyak  26 spesies.
POLA DISTRIBUSI DAN KERAPATAN ROTAN (Daemonorops robusta Warburg) DI HUTAN PEGUNUNGAN SEKITAR NOKILALAKI KECAMATAN PALOLO KABUPATEN SIGI SULAWESI TENGAH
Authors: Ramadanil  , Grisnayanti
Published: July 2021

Penelitian tentang ’’Pola Distribusi dan Kerapatan Rotan (Daemonorops robusta Warburg) di Hutan Pegunungan Sekitar Nokilalaki Kecamatan Palolo Kabupaten Sigi Sulawesi Tengah’’ telah dilakasanakan dari bulan Desember 2018 sampai Februari 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey eksploratif dengan menjelajah kawasan pegunungan Nokilalaki, untuk mencari populasi D. robusta Warburg. Proses pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode garis transek yang berukuran 50 x 10 m dengan penempatan transek secara purposive sampling sebanyak 7 buah. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan bahwa hasil Indeks Morisita pada D. robusta Warburg yaitu mengelompok dan nilai kerapatan relatif tertinggi pada tingkat anakan terdapat pada transek I yaitu 32,4%,terendah pada transek III yaitu 8,1% dan nilai kerapatan relatif tertinggi pada tingkat dewasa terdapat pada transek I 38,4% dan terendah pada transek II dan VI yaitu 11,5%.
Changing Pattern of Paediatric Anaphylaxis in Hong Kong, 2010-2019
Authors: Leung Agnes Sze Yin , Li Rebecca Ming Yan , Au Ann Wing Shan , Duque Jaime Sou da Rosa , Ho Po Ki , Chua Gilbert , Wong Chi Hang , Luk David Chi Kong , Kwan Mike Yat Wah , Yau Yat Sun , (N/A) Gary Wong , Leung Ting Fan
Published: July 2021

Background: Anaphylaxis is a significant health burden in most
Western countries but there is little published data on the incidence
and pattern of anaphylaxis in Asia. We aim to determine the incidence
rate and pattern of anaphylaxis over the past decade among the
paediatric population in Hong Kong. Methods: Medical records of
patients presenting with allergy-related symptoms during the period 2010
to 2019 were examined. Paediatric patients aged below 18 years who
fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for anaphylaxis laid out by the
NIAID/FAAN were analysed. Incidence rates were calculated using
population statistics as the denominator. All information pertaining to
the anaphylaxis events and patients’ characteristics were retrieved
using standardized data collection forms. Results: The overall
10-year estimated incidence of anaphylaxis was 7.70 per 100,000
person-years, with a rising trend of anaphylaxis incidence across time.
Food-induced anaphylaxis accounted for the majority of hospital
presentation, of which peanut and shellfish were the top food triggers
in our population. Comorbid asthma and young age were risk factors
associated with wheeze at presentation. Misdiagnosis of anaphylaxis
occurred in up to half the anaphylaxis cases and adrenaline was only
utilised in 45% of cases. Conclusions: An increasing trend of
anaphylaxis incidence over the past decade is evident in Hong Kong
children, with a discrepantly low accuracy in diagnosis and suboptimal
management of anaphylaxis. There is a pressing need to heighten public
and physicians’ awareness of the distinctive features of anaphylaxis in
the paediatric age group.
Chromosome-scale assembly and whole-genome sequencing of 266 giant panda roundworms provide insights into their evolution, adaptation and potential drug targets
Authors: Han Lei , Lan Tianming , Li Desheng , Li Haimeng , Deng Linhua , Peng Zhiwei , He Shaowen , Zhou Yanqiang , Han Ruobing , Li Lingling , Lu Yaxian , Lu Haorong , Wang Qing , Yang Shangchen , Zhu Yixin , Huang Yunting , Cheng Xiaofang , Yu Jieyao , Wang Yulong , Sun Heting , Chai Hongliang , Yang Huanming , Xu Xun , Lisby Michael , Liu Quan , Kristiansen Karsten , Liu Huan , Hou Zhijun
Published: July 2021

Helminth diseases have long been a threat to the health of humans and
animals. Roundworms are important organisms for studying parasitic
mechanisms, disease transmission and prevention. The study of parasites
in the giant panda is of importance for understanding how roundworms
adapt to the host. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-scale
genome of Baylisascaris schroederi with a genome size of 253.60 Mb and
19,262 predicted protein-coding genes. We found that gene families
related to epidermal chitin synthesis and environmental information
processes in the roundworm genome have expanded significantly.
Furthermore, we demonstrated unique genes involved in essential amino
acid metabolism in the B. schroederi genome, inferred to be essential
for the adaptation to the giant panda-specific diet. In addition, under
different deworming pressures, we found that four resistance-related
genes (glc-1, nrf-6, bre-4 and ced-7) were under strong positive
selection in a captive population. Finally, 23 known drug targets and 47
potential drug target proteins (essential homologues linked to lethal
phenotypes) were identified. The genome provides a unique reference for
inferring the early evolution of roundworms and their adaptation to the
host. Population genetic analysis and drug sensitivity prediction
provide insights revealing the impact of deworming history on population
genetic structure of importance for disease prevention.
Removal of arsenic from liquid blister copper during remelting in an induction vacuum furnace
Authors: Łabaj J. , Blacha L. , Smalcerz A. , Chmiela B.
Published: July 2021

Using a reduced pressure during the smelting and refining of alloys removes dissolved gasses, as well as impurities with a high vapor pressure. When smelting is carried out in vacuum induction furnaces, the intensification of the discussed processes is achieved by intensive mixing of the bath, as well as an enhanced mass exchange surface (liquid metal surface) due to the formation of a meniscus. This is due to the electromagnetic field applied to the liquid metal. This study reports the removal of arsenic from blister copper via refining in an induction vacuum furnace in the temperature range of 1423? 1523 K, at operating pressures from 8 to 1333 Pa. The overall mass transfer coefficient kAs determined from the experimental data ranged from 9.99?10-7 to 1.65?10-5 ms-1. Arsenic elimination was largely controlled by mass transfer in the gas phase. The kinetic analysis indicated that the arsenic evaporation rate was controlled by the combination of both liquid and gas-phase mass transfer only at a pressure of 8 Pa.
Corneal Confocal Microscopy Predicts the Development of Diabetic Neuropathy: A Longitudinal Diagnostic Multinational Consortium Study
Authors: Perkins Bruce A. , Lovblom Leif Erik , Lewis Evan J.H. , Bril Vera , Ferdousi Maryam , Orszag Andrej , Edwards Katie , Pritchard Nicola , Russell Anthony , Dehghani Cirous , Pacaud Danièle , Romanchuk Kenneth , Mah Jean K. , Jeziorska Maria , Marshall Andrew , Shtein Roni M. , Pop-Busui Rodica , Lentz Stephen I. , Tavakoli Mitra , Boulton Andrew J.M. , Efron Nathan , Malik Rayaz A.
Published: July 2021

OBJECTIVE

Corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) has been shown in research studies to identify diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN). In this longitudinal diagnostic study, we assessed the ability of CNFL to predict the development of DPN.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

From a multinational cohort of 998 participants with type 1 and type 2 diabetes, we studied the subset of 261 participants who were free of DPN at baseline and completed at least 4 years of follow-up for incident DPN. The predictive validity of CNFL for the development of DPN was determined using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.

RESULTS

A total of 203 participants had type 1 and 58 had type 2 diabetes. Mean follow-up time was 5.8 years (interquartile range 4.2–7.0). New-onset DPN occurred in 60 participants (23%; 4.29 events per 100 person-years). Participants who developed DPN were older and had a higher prevalence of type 2 diabetes, higher BMI, and longer duration of diabetes. The baseline electrophysiology and corneal confocal microscopy parameters were in the normal range but were all significantly lower in participants who developed DPN. The time-dependent area under the ROC curve for CNFL ranged between 0.61 and 0.69 for years 1–5 and was 0.80 at year 6. The optimal diagnostic threshold for a baseline CNFL of 14.1 mm/mm2 was associated with 67% sensitivity, 71% specificity, and a hazard ratio of 2.95 (95% CI 1.70–5.11; P < 0.001) for new-onset DPN.

CONCLUSIONS

CNFL showed good predictive validity for identifying patients at higher risk of developing DPN ∼6 years in the future.