bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Social Security in the Czech Republic in the Context of Current International Treaties
Authors: Horváthová Zuzana , Abrhám Josef , Chvátalová Iva
Published: February 2020

The aim of the paper is to evaluate the state-of-play of social security with a focus on pension insurance in the Czech Republic and this due to the potential use of international agreements with individual countries of the European region. The contracts are divided in terms of whether the state is a part of the European Union, or remains outside that integration. The use of international agreements in the field of social security currently appears to be important for a number of reasons such as tourism, openness of the labour market, economic dependence on international trade and various kinds of migration. The issue is covered by interdisciplinary studies, where the knowledge of the humanities and economic fields mingles. Overall, the work provides a comprehensive overview of international agreements in the territory of the Czech Republic, not only in the period of the capitalism, but also captures the recent history, the period from the 1960s up to now, when the Czech Republic used to be a part of the socialist bloc, At that time most important become agreements and contracts with the former USSR.
eParticipation Issues in Contemporary Europe
Authors: Irimie Rada Cristina
Published: February 2020

Today, Information and Communication Technologies have developed to the extent of amplifying political procedures that are central to the contemporary civic society, such as political participation and citizen engagement. eParticipation is a multidisciplinary field of study, which is particularly relevant in several contexts and environments, e.g. digital democracy, public services, open government, popular social media etc. This paper addresses the eParticipation framework in the European context, during the last 10 years.Our research will explore theoretically and empirically how citizen participation is achieved through social media and digital public services. The article explores both the cultural and political environments that favor the development of eParticipation initiatives, with the study of networking interactions based on social and public policy initiatives. We are particularly interested in the public policy formulations that embrace eParticipation and most importantly the recent developments in the field, which include a number of eConsultation, ePolling, eLegislation, eElectioneering, eVoting etc. A review of the good practice examples in eParticipation policy development will help us identify the strengths and weaknesses of the digital framework. Within the context of social value, we want to explore the aspect of eParticipation in the broader political scene, by examining the role of digital participation in political crises. By drawing examples based on case studies of public policy formulation in European countries, the research suggests a correlation between digital innovation and challenging politics. The framework is originally designed to be sustainable for the European societies and it places citizens in the center of its conception. It is, however, argued that the interaction between public policy innovation and citizen engagement needs continuous scholarly attention and study.
Kosovo's Security Policy in Preventing and Fighting Trafficking of Human Beings 2009-2014
Authors: Maliqi Reshat
Published: February 2020

Development of policies for the prevention of every nature of organized crime from the security institutions of the Republic of Kosovo is an important element through which is aimed the coordination of works and prevention activities in order to respond to negative phenomena through taking precautions. Prevention means all activities that impact on halting and reducing crime as a social phenomenon, both quantitatively as well as qualitatively, through occasional initiatives (ad hoc). Advancing capacity to prevent crime is the need of the time and the challenge faced by the countries of the Western Balkans, especially Kosovo, because in this area there is still the old belief that only the police should be involved to prevent and fight trafficking of human beings. Nature and trends of trafficking of human beings have taken a direction in which the police as law enforcement agency cannot as such prevent these crime phenomena. Therefore, it is time imperative that in the field of crime prevention of human trafficking engage all relevant institutions with special emphasis on civil society and community in particular. To cope with the challenges of preventing and fighting trafficking of human beings, activities within state’s territory are not sufficient, but it is vital that states align and coordinate activities at the regional level in real time, place and space identified for common actions. This paper aims to address this phenomenon not only in the case of Kosovo, but also in the Western Balkan region. The main thesis of this paper is the articulation of the problem in order to successfully prevent the phenomenon of trafficking of human beings through awareness of citizens, while from institutions is required opening of perspectives for new generations, for work and life, through economic development, fighting poverty, stimulating employment and preventing the migration in different countries. To successfully prevent crime, particularly trafficking in human beings, it is necessary that responsible institutions have sufficient human resources, specialized and equipped with technical tools and necessary technology, to have continuous specialized training and to deal with all phenomena of organized crime.
The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense: a New Paradigm Systemic Applied a Six Areas Disciplinares and Two Axis: Identity and Professionalization
Authors: Aparicio Miriam
Published: February 2020

This article introduces a new systemic theory called “The Three Dimensional Spiral of Sense”, applied to Identity and Professionalization. The epistemological mainstays of the theory are stressed here, a theory supported by more than 30 years of empirical research at CONICET (National Council of Scientific Research, Argentina), with individuals belonging to different populations, some of them covering periods of over 20 years (intra-generational studies), and others covering three generations in-line (inter-generational studies). This article presents the most specific theoretical frameworks, and it formulates the six disciplinary areas in which the new analysis of the social data was carried out: Education, Health, Science, Media, International Relations and Interculturality. The first area – Education – is dealt with through different levels (secondary level, tertiary level, University and PhD training. Here, we only make reference to the studies carried out, returning to some epistemological issues in this theory. The methodology used was quantitative (statistical analysis, a semi-structured survey) but mainly qualitative (hierarchical evocations, interviews). The approach was macro-micro-meso-macro, micro, not quite common yet. It consists of a kind of sui generis systemism which recovers relationships (links, back and forth) between individuals and contexts, without overlooking neither the former nor the latter, thus, avoiding any type of reductionism. Individuals, organizations and frameworks interplay and feedback themselves. The results, particularly the qualitative ones, show the rich interactions underlying the continuance or innovation processes, which favor or hinder the individuals’ development and identity in times of abrupt change; at the same time, these results reveal the need for Professionalization in emerging countries.
The Distinctive Legal Features of Crimes Against Humanity
Authors: Ahmedi Sulejman
Published: February 2020

This research intends to analyze general features and elements of criminal acts against humanity. Also in this paper, special attention was paid to the distinctive features that are crucial in the legal classification of crimes against humanity as offenses punished with international acts and legal regulations of each state. The term Crime against humanity first appeared in the London Agreement of 8 August 1945 establishing the International Military Tribunal. In the course of the preparatory work, it had become apparent that certain crimes committed during the Second World War were not, strictly speaking, war crimes. These were crimes whose victims were of the same nationality as the perpetrators, or nationals of an allied State and were committed for different motives. As early as March 1944, the representative of the United States of America on the Legal Committee of the United Nations War Crimes Commission proposed that crimes committed against stateless persons or any other person by reason of their race or religion should be declared "Crimes against humanity". It suggests, in at least two distinct ways, the enormity of these offenses of the other criminal offenses. First, the phrase "crimes against humanity" suggests offenses that aggrieve not only the victims and their own communities, but all human beings, regardless of their community. Second, the phrase suggests that these offenses cut deep, violating the core humanity that we all share and that distinguishes us from other natural beings. This double meaning gives the phrase potency, but also an ambiguity we may trace back to the double meaning of the word "humanity". "Humanity" means both the quality of being human-humanness-and the aggregation of all human beings-humankind. Crimes against humanity, as defined by the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court Explanatory Memorandum, "Are particularly odious offenses in that they constitute a serious attack on human dignity or grave humiliation or a degradation of human beings". They are not isolated or sporadic events, but are part either of a government policy or of a wide practice of atrocities tolerated by a government or a de facto authority. The law traditionally distinguishes between crimes against persons, crimes against property, crimes against public order, crimes against morals, and the like. Murder, extermination, torture, rape, political, racial or religious persecution and other inhumane acts reach the threshold of crimes against humanity only if they are part of a widespread or systematic practice.
The Symptoms of Postpartum Depression in Fathers in the City of Elbasan
Authors: Mustafaraj Jonida , Macaj Orgesa
Published: February 2020

This study makes an exploration of Postpartum Depression symptoms of fathers in the city of Elbasan. The aim of this study is the recognition of the existence of Postpartum Depression in fathers identifying them in the picture of the symptoms. The study sample consisted of 40 fathers who had a maximum of a year that became parents, with a stable job and the average educational level of formation. Sample selection was carried out in public kindergartens number 1 (one) and 2 (two) in the city of Elbasan. For the methodology of this study are used quantitative methods. The collection of data for this study was conducted in a period of about four months, during the months of February, March, April, May, 2015. The instruments used in this study are the Beck Depression Inventory, Postpartum Depression Scale Edingurgh. Beck Depression Inventory and Edingurgh rate were used as tools because both measure Postpartum Depression Depression and that has the same picture symptoms episode of major depression with the only change the time of development. Instruments that are used to obtain the data necessary to test hypotheses raised in this study were initially piloted before applying them in the final stage. Results of this study showed that 85% of fathers taken in the study showed symptoms of postpartum depression as dissatisfaction with the activities, criticism of themselves, concern / irritability, changes in sleep, lack of interest in people / activities, lack of energy, fatigue, hesitancy in decision making, feelings of guilt, difficulty concentrating, pessimism, frustration, failures of the past, sorrow. The study suggests that measures should be taken for public awareness of the symptoms of postpartum depression are present and in fathers and the Postpartum Depression is not attributed only to women.
State Failure and the Political Violence Phenomenon: A Comparative Analysis of Iraq and Syria Cases
Authors: Lassalle K. Eylem Özkaya
Published: February 2020

The concept of failed state came to the fore with the end of the Cold War, the collapse of the USSR and the disintegration of Yugoslavia. Political violence is central in these discussions on the definition of the concept or the determination of its dimensions (indicators). Specifically, the level of political violence, the type of political violence and intensity of political violence has been broached in the literature. An effective classification of political violence can lead us to a better understanding of state failure phenomenon. By using Tilly’s classification of collective violence which is based on extent of coordination among violent actors and salience of short-run damage, the role played by political violence in state failure can be understood clearly. In order to do this, two recent cases, Iraq and Syria will be examined.
The Emotional and Social Effects of Dyslexia
Authors: Sako Enkeleda
Published: February 2020

Dyslexia, is one of the disorders with a greater prevalence among the group of the learning disorders. With the passing years many studies (observations) to explain the causes of dyslexia and to show the newest interventions in this field has been made. People withdyslexia have to overcome quite a few barriersduring theirlivesin order to be able to fulfiltheir dreams and achieve their targets. The fact that some of themare not assessedat an earlyage can affect their self-esteemand theirself-concept. Once theyare assessedresearch has proved that people with dyslexia learnbetter once they aretaught in their preferred learning style(Mortimore, 2003). In dyslexia one of the most commonly missed areas is the emotional side. Teachers and parents are very good at noticing problems with reading, writing, spelling and even maths. They can miss the growing element of lack of motivation, low self-esteem and upset which develops as the child goes through school and the pressures grow greater and greater. The frustration of children with dyslexia often centers on their inability to meet expectations. Their parents and teachers see a bright, enthusiastic child who is not learning to read and write. Time and again, dyslexics and their parents hear, "He's such a bright child; if only he would try harder." Ironically, no one knows exactly how hard the dyslexic is trying. The pain of failing to meet other people's expectations is surpassed only by dyslexics' inability to achieve their goals. This is particularly true of those who develop perfectionistic expectations in order to deal with their anxiety. They grow up believing that it is "terrible" to make a mistake. However, their learning disability, almost by definition means that these children will make many "careless" or "stupid" mistakes. This is extremely frustrating to them, as it makes them feel chronically inadequate. Thisinthe long termcan cause thema lot ofproblems in their personaland social life.
A Method Proposal for Determining Health Communication Campaigns’ Messages
Authors: Bir Ali Atıf , Yönet Önder
Published: February 2020

This research is focused on the question of deciding what to say in a (health) communication campaign. The goal is to search for ways of selecting/tailoring effective campaign messages which are persuasive for the targeted audiences. Accordingly, by considering Social Judgement Theory in the foundation of Integrated Behavior Model; two variables, belief strength and involvement are proposed with a method to predict the persuasiveness of campaign messages. When the people have strong beliefs and high involvements, a message that does not match with the most important behavioral determinant should be used in the campaign. However, when the people have weak beliefs, a message matching with the most important behavioral determinant should be used without considering the involvement level. These hypotheses are tested in the field of health communication on (cervical cancer) HPV vaccine acceptance and all accepted. CATI is used to collect data on surveys. The study sample, which is derived through a method close to probability sampling, is consisted of mothers who live in Istanbul/Turkey and have at least one 11-26-year-old daughter(N=145). Multiple linear regressions, decision trees (CHAID) and ANOVA are used for the analysis.
The Prostate Gland and PSA (Prostate Specific Antigen)
Authors: Faja Serfa , Shoshi Amir
Published: February 2020

The PSA test is used primarily to screen for prostate cancer. A PSA test measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. PSA is a protein produced in the prostate, a small gland that sits below a man's bladder. PSA is mostly found in semen, which also is produced in the prostate. Small amounts of PSA ordinarily circulate in the blood. The PSA test can detect high levels of PSA that may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. However, many other conditions, such as an enlarged or inflamed prostate, can also increase PSA levels. We use ImmunoAssay for Quantitative Measurement of PSA in Human Blood / Serum / Plasma with i-CHROMA TM Reader System with high sensitivity and specifity. We have analysed 120 patients and only 2 of them had very high value of PSA so we can determine for a prostate cancer. Additional factors increase the accuracy of PSA testing and it is not sufficient only the PSA to determine a prostate cancer so we need a rectal examination and transrectal ultrasound.
From the Synergy to the Discrimination - Analysis of Attitudes and Decisions of the Prison Staff Towards Muslim Prisoners in the Context of Multicultural Education
Authors: Urbanek Arkadiusz
Published: February 2020

The aspiration to keep the synergy in relations between majorities and minorities repeatedly emerges as the cause of conflicts in social relations. It is also a subject of the interest of the multicultural education, particularly in countries of Eastern Europe, building contacts with the culturally and ethnically diverse groups to a wider scale. Relations in culturally, religiously and ethnic diverse societies, are becoming more and more related to the personal attitudes and a given policy. These issues acquire in the prison circumstances even greater significance, as given moods and personal attitudes of the prison staff create the pragmatic aspects of the professional activities addressed to the sentenced. Additionally, the key role is played by the quality of the penitentiary policy and the legal culture. The article presents the comparative analysis of the research carried out in 2016 amongst the prison staff in Poland. The subject of the research concerned attitudes that influence the decisive processes. The personal relations have been analyzed in the context of the relation with the sentenced Muslims. The aim of the research was not only to reveal the quality of the decisions concerning the sentenced Muslims, but also the sources of such decisions. The latter, in consequence, may shift, as the research results prove, towards synergy or discrimination. The diversification of the discrimination was one of the intriguing aspects, disclosed at various levels that not always explicitly concerned the discrimination of the minority.
Theory of Architectural, Social Participation and “Contact” by Robert Zemeckis
Authors: Wysznacki Karol
Published: February 2020

The paper shows the importance of memory in architecture and how social participation influence the formation of cultural memory. The article examines the issue of the importance of memory and how the popular culture coexists with highly symbolic places. The research will be conducted on the case of the "Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe" in Berlin, built by architect Peter Eisenman. The aim of the paper is to show that architecture of memorials restores ideas and messages to protect the community from future mistakes. Social participation supports shaping public spaces and thus participates in the creation of culture. Article points out that creating memorials is connected with a great responsibility, because they strongly affect our memory and guide future generations.
The Investigation the Effects of the Performance of an Independent Emotion Recognition of Model Used in the Dimensioning of Emotions
Authors: Özseven Turgut , Düğenci Muharrem
Published: February 2020

Emotion recognition aims at determining the state of emotion which is included in the speech or mimics of a person. Emotion recognition from speech is an area related to signal processing and psychology. Acoustic parameters obtained from speech signals through acoustic analysis, which is one of objective evaluation methods, is intensively used in emotion recognition studies. In this paper success in emotion recognition is examined in categorical aspects and the impact of dimensional model on independent emotion recognition success is investigated. Acoustic parameters were subjected to classification with Support Vector Machine in order to determine emotion recognition success. According to the obtained findings, emotion recognition success in categorical structure, dimensional structure and categorical-dimensional structure were 69.5%, 73.3% and 87.1%, respectively. Even if dimensional structure is higher in arousal than in valence, when emotion recognition success is examined on each emotion dimension, valence provided higher success.
Barrier Modification by Methyl Violet Organic Dye Molecules of Ag/P-Inp Structures
Authors: Güllü Ömer
Published: February 2020

This work includes fabrication and electrical characterization of Metal/Interlayer/Semiconductor (MIS) structures with methyl violet organic film on p-InP wafer. Metal(Ag)/ Interlayer (methyl violet =MV)/Semiconductor(p-InP) MIS structure presents a rectifying contact behavior. The values of ideality factor (n) and barrier height (BH) for the Ag/MV/p-InP MIS diode by using the current-voltage (I-V) measurement have been extracted as 1.21 and 0.84 eV, respectively. It was seen that the BH value of 0.84 eV calculated for the Ag/MV/p-InP MIS structure was significantly higher than the value of 0.64 eV of Ag/p-InP control contact. This situation was ascribed to the fact that the MV organic interlayer increased the effective barrier height by influencing the space charge region of inorganic semiconductor. The values of diffusion potential and barrier height for the Ag/MV/p-InP MIS diode by using the capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurement have been extracted as 1.21 V and 0.84 eV, respectively. The interface-state density of the Ag/MV/p-InP structure was seen to change from 2.57×1013 eV-1cm-2 to 2.19×1012 eV-1cm-2.
Copyright and Copyright Protection
Authors: Emruli Safet , Nuhiu Agim , Kadriu Besa
Published: February 2020

One of the legal intellectual property disciplines are copyrights which concerns artistic and literary works. Copyright is: bundle of exclusive legal rights that has to do with protection of literary and artistic works. It is granted to authors and artists to protect expressive works against unauthorized reproduction or distribution by third parties. Copyright protect “works”, expression of thoughts and ideas. Literary, dramatic, musical and artistic works must be original, it means not to be a copy. Copyright covers two other types of right: economic rights, the right of the owner to benefit financial reward from use of his work by others and moral rights which always have to do with original holder no matter if economic rights are transferred or not. Economic rights can be transferred. Bern Convention for the Protection of the Literary and Artistic Works is international key agreement and the oldest multilateral agreement in the field of copyright. Copyright subsists automatically on the creation of a work, no application needed, nor do any formalities apply. Nature of copyright is territorial and the minimum term of protection is life of the author plus 50 years after his/her death. In European Union and in certain number of countries, terms of protections of are extended to life of the author plus 70 years after his/her death.
The Importance of Music in the Development of the Child
Authors: Ramadani Ilir
Published: February 2020

Music has tremendous power, fascinate, relaxes, entertains. Imagine the power that can play in a child's development in the womb. It is a given that in no way should not be neglected. The cry of child, the vocals of his first knowledge of the most recognizable voices, those who feel that in the womb or heartbeat of the mother, all this makes it clear that every human being has an innate sense of rhythm and musicality. According to a survey conducted by Disney for the relationship between music and educational process of the children, it was found that music is essential for the development of imagination and creativity of children, being a universal language, and representing a tool indispensable for development the least towards a more multi-racial. The importance of music in a child's development is demonstrated in different studies, research etc. These studies show that what music is and how capable is it affect the welfare of a child, from an emotional point of view, social, linguistic and motor.
Sustainability Symbol of Justice
Authors: Noor Noor Farihah Mohd
Published: February 2020

Quality of life has very much to do with being sustainable. In a country where development and money is the means of progressing making profits, are unavoidable. But does the quest for progress hamper sustainability? Sustainability is important because it reflects a balance between freedom and power, independence and authority, rich and poor, justices and oppression. We have seen much oppression that emerges from exercising public power. Despite the formation of institution like integrity bodies, separate organizations to combat corruptions, tribunals and the like, yet public oppression never subside. Rudeness, unwillingness to treat the complainant as a person with rights; refusal to answer reasonable question; neglecting to inform complainant on request of her entitlement; knowingly giving misleading or inadequate advice; ignoring valid advice or overruling consideration which would produce an uncomfortable result for the overuler; offering no redress or manifestly disproportionate redress; showing bias on colour or whatever ground; refusing to inform adequately the right of appeal ; failure to mitigate the effect of rigid adherence to which it can produce manifestly inadequate treatment are all forms of malfeasance of the modern days. The focus of this paper thus is to look at the possible ways of combatting bad administration via judicial review of administrative action. What’s interesting is the ability of the court to tease out the complicated issues so that justice could be delivered. Justice is far-reaching if it can be exercised beyond merely the judicial scrutiny. Being able to address the lack of justice is in fact a reflection of sustainability and high quality of life.
Specialized Foster Care as System Approach, Deinstitutionalization of Social Protection in Case of Adults with Developmental Difficulties in the Republic of Srpska – a Case Stady
Authors: Radonjić Andrea Rakanović , Lepir Ljubo
Published: February 2020

Bosnia and Herzegovina, and thus its entities, has ratified the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. In spite of that fact, adults with developmental disabilities daily face stigma and barriers in exercising their fundamental rights. Due to the inability of independent functioning, as well as the inability of the family to care for adults with developmental disabilities, a big number are placed in residential care. Foster care as a form of care in System of social protection can be functional for avoiding institutionalization, insurance of social inclusion of adults with disabilities, and enable them to function independently. Specialized foster care is one of the possible solutions in the deinstitutionalization of adults with developmental disabilities who are placed in residential care. This paper is focused on the particularities of specialized foster care for adults with developmental disabilities in the Republic of Srpska, which is regulated by the Social Protection Law and the foster care Rule book. Foster care, in terms of the Law, implies takin care the care users in the family that provides fulfillments of basic needs, family that takes care of the person and helps in the rights exercise and the obligations fulfillment. This normative definition of foster care opens space for adults and the elderly foster care, which is not developed nor sufficiently represented in the countries of the region, Europe and the world as well. Foster care for adults with disabilities in the Republic of Srpska is performing through a form of specialized foster care. This paper presents case studie of the specialized foster care as a posibility for adequate care of adults with developmental disabilities, with special points to the ability of supporting deinstitutionalization through specialized foster care. This case study is an example of a systemic approach to deinstitutionalization of adults with developmental disabilities. The study and results that were presented in the case has shown that it is possible to perform the deinstitutionalization of persons with developmental disabilities after twenty years spent in an institution.
Effects of Project Cost Overruns and Schedule Delays in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Gbahabo Paul Terna , Ajuwon Oluseye Samuel
Published: February 2020

This paper provides conceptual insights on the economic impact of project cost overrun and schedule delays on infrastructure procurement in developing countries with huge infrastructure deficit in Sub-Saharan Africa. Projects cost overruns and schedule delay are a major and widespread problem in infrastructure procurement the world over. It has received a lot of attention in the recent past. However, the literature reveals that extant studies on project overruns are heavily skewed towards causative factors, with little or no attention to the effects it has on the economy as a whole. The paucity of studies on the effects of project cost overrun and schedule delay will further reinforce the imperative to reacquaint policymakers and infrastructure developers, as well as project financiers with the gravity and import of the problem for infrastructural development in particular and the wider economy in general. The study undertakes an exploratory approach drawing from a wide range of secondary information and materials obtained from policy documents, study reports and peer-reviewed articles. The findings show that cost overrun and schedule delay in infrastructure procurement can have a damaging economic effect ranging from allocative inefficiency of scarce resources, further delays, contractual disputes, claims and litigation to project failure and total abandonment. The study recommends project management capacity-building for infrastructure developers, project managers as well as a number of innovative control mechanisms such as reference class forecasting, public-private partnership and computer-aided cost estimating tools including artificial neural networks, data mining, building information modelling as well as fuzzy neural inference model, genetic algorithms, and stochastic simulation to curb the menace of the problem.
Experienced and Anticipated Discrimination in Persons with Physical Disabilities in Serbia
Authors: Milačić-Vidojević Ivona , Tošković Oliver , Dragojević Nada , Čolić Marija
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to explore extensity (regarding various life domains in which it appears) and intensity of experienced and anticipated discrimination of persons with physical disabilities; (2) to investigate how experienced and anticipated discrimination relate to each other; (3) to explore relations between experienced and anticipated discrimination and certain socio demographic variables (gender, marriage, residence, family type, employment and age). The levels of experienced and anticipated stigmatization were evaluated by Discrimination and Stigma Scale (DISC – 12). The results showed that persons with physical disability experience discrimination in family life (63. 3%), (starting a family (65. 5%), marriage (45. 4%), role as a parent (45. 3%), in the experience of being avoided or shunned (42. 1%), in relation to professional staff (40. 3%), etc. They anticipate discrimination in making close relationships (46. 3%), in employment (30. 2%) and in education (24. 3%). Multiple regression analysis showed that experienced discrimination is a predictor of anticipated discrimination. Discrimination is more anticipated by unmarried participants, younger, participants living in extended families and by participants not living in their own apartments. It is necessary to design an anti-stigma campaign, which will lead to the reduction of experienced and anticipated discrimination. Keywords: stigma, experienced discrimination, anticipated discrimination, persons with physical disability.
The Role of Psychological Empowerment and Organizational Citizenship Behaviors on Employee Resistance to Change
Authors: Goksoy Asli
Published: February 2020

In today’s competitive business world, change is inevitable for organizations. During an organizational change, the toughest challenge of organizational leaders is to manage employee resistance to change. It is well established in literature that employee resistance is one of the leading causes for the failure of organizational change efforts. The purpose of this paper is to explore the impact of psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors on employee resistance to change. It also investigates if psychological empowerment can be used as a human resource management strategy during a planned change in order to increase commitment to change. The study took place in Turkey in a private company which went under a strategic organizational change recently. Survey collection from employees and interviews with two human resource managers were the main tools in collecting information. The results from 85 respondents showed that both psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors have significant negative influence on employee resistance to change. The interview results showed that through psychological empowerment, employees were more involved in change process, took active role in decision making and were more committed to the change. The implications of the study can be used by organizational change practitioners to maintain employees’ positive reactions to change by considering psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behaviors as a tool to lower the level of resistance.
Strategic Management Key to Success for Kosovo Companies - Expansion in International European Market
Authors: Avdiu Msc. Arjanit
Published: February 2020

A recent signed Stabilisation and Association Agreement (SAA), an platform that promotes harmonious economic relations and gradually development of a free trading areas between EU and Kosovo, encouraged many companies from this country to start thinking big for international business expansion in Europe. Access in Europe via free trade, is a mine of gold opportunity since it allows reaching a large number of customers in a vast and broad market. Getting and even more competing with European and other international companies for a slight market share, obviously it is a hard "piece of cake". Path to be paved attaining business objectives could be more easily headed applying an appropriate management strategy. Strategic thinking, strategic planning, strategic marketing, and international managerial strategy are pillars that could support and craft any company have a proper approach and successive performance into European market environment.
Structure and Determinants of Intra-Industry Trade in Agro -Food Sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Mrdalj Vesna
Published: February 2020

This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of the structure and determinants of intra –industry trade specialization in agro food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina over the transition period. The empirical analysis based on calculation of the following indicators: Grubel – Lloyd index (GL), Revealed Comparative Advantages (RCA indicator) and Relative unit value (RUV indicator). In order to show the level of intra-industry trade specialisation and to examine comparative advantages at sectoral level, as well for individual product group, are calculated Grubel – Lloyd index and RCA indicator. RUV indicator is used for analysis of two components of total intra-industry trade (TIIT); horizontal intra – industry trade (HIIT) and vertical intra- industry trade (VIIT) of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina. The analysis and calculations of above mentioned indicators are conducted using the data about international trade of agro-food products in Bosnia and Hercegovina for period of time 2008-2015, as well data at 4 – digit level, classified according to HS (Harmonised System). The final analysis in this paper is finished through applying K - means cluster analysis. K - means method was used for identificiation of different clusters of agricultural and food commodity groups related to comparative advantages, level of specialization in intra – industry trade, as well as the ratio between unit value export and unit value import. The emprical results indicated that GL index for observed period at sectoral level is lower than 50 %. The values of RCA indicator for agro-food sector of Bosnia and Herzegovina in international trade and to important trade markets indicate lack of comaparative advantages. In the structure of intra – industry trade is dominated vertical specialization.
The Importance of Graphology In Determining Of The Managerial Qualities Of The Future Women Leaders Within The Z Generation: A Research Done On International Business Management Students Of Coventry University
Authors: Solmaz Res. Asst. Betül , KARA Neriman , KARTAL Özlem
Published: February 2020

The Z generation is a name given for the progeny born after the year 1995 and this generation is seen to be extremely different to the previous ones. This generation is yet to take place in the world of work. Their qualities therefore are different to the previous generations. The qualities evolving differently in comparison to the previous generations qualities will also take their place within the world of work approaching. Especially for the division within the Z generation who will take the path of leadership and management in their careers, graphology plays a great part in analysing their characteristics and qualities to see if they fit the leadership position they are aiming to achieve. Graphology can be described as signature and handwriting analysis used to help with analysing the character of individuals. Not every individual is deemed to have leadership characteristics and qualities. Those, who hold characteristics that consist leadership within them, becoming managers is considered extremely important within the organizational culture and the maintaining of the organizational structures. This research will contain of the signature analysis of 17 female International Business Management students, within the Z generation. The result will show whether their characteristics and qualities are fit, or unfit for the course they are undertaking. In addition to the research, if the results are meaningful in this case, it will be debated whether the science of signature analysing is compatible with the division of the students who choose to study in the international business management department. The evaluation of the received Signatures is thought to be an analysis of the personality structures of these individuals, which will be effective in career management as well as career success and motivation.
Forced Migration, Unwanted Acceptance, Uncertain Future of Syrian Refugees: The Struggle for Legal Status
Authors: Ökten Şevket
Published: February 2020

In this study, the current situation of Syrian immigrants coming to Şanlıurfa through forced migration is discussed. Also, the study deals with the level of their adaptation by means of their reflection on the locals. The study mainly focus on the interaction between Syrian immigrants and locals in terms of social encounter, labor relations and the perceptions on immigrants’ position in the society and potential conflicts based on these perceptions. It reveals that the social encounters between the Syrian immigrants and the locals of Şanlıurfa have created an increasingly hostile environment within the social and cultural uncertainty relations because of the extended duration of the residence of the Syrians who are evaluated as "temporary guests". The situation of immigrants, whose legal status can be defined as uncertainty, is precisely a "threshold" position. The immigrants who have to leave their country cannot be a part of society. However, they live in the society. So, this situation leads to outwardness, inattention and uncertainty. In addition, immigrants are increasingly facing problems such as social exclusion, discrimination, marginalization, illegal work, and poverty.This is a descriptive study based on the literature review and the data of applied field research. In this study, it is aimed to understand the intentions and values behind the superficial, numerical part of the data.
Information About Ourselves from Ourselves: Young Users of Wearable Technologies in Secondary School
Authors: Matteucci Ivana
Published: February 2020

Several researchers have recognized the value of self-tracking technologies used to personally obtain data about ourselves. The aim of the present study was to assess the barriers associated with the “technologies of existence”, so-called wearables, including lack of knowledge of these devices, lack of information on their correct use, as well as difficulties regarding data integration and interpretation. To help to overcome these barriers we investigated a project involving two self-tracking activities in an Italian secondary school, performing a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the students using these technologies for educational purposes. Thanks to the project and its contextualized practical and theoretical activities, students were able to become “enhanced users” in terms of their knowledge, autonomy and awareness as regards wearable technologies. Our findings regarding the application of wearable technologies in a scholastic setting may also be step forward in addressing a well-known common pitfall of self-tracking: insufficient scientific rigor. Our quantitative and qualitative analysis showed how the use of wearable devices in educational settings had a range of beneficial effects, above all, eliciting satisfaction among students, but also yielding positive outcomes regarding the acquisition of scientific knowledge perceived both in terms of device applications and data interpretation. In conclusion, our findings may have broad implications in the future design and development of wearable technologies.
Cuisine and Dishes in Use During the Prophet Muhammed Era (A.D. 569-632)
Authors: AKGÜN Sevim Demir , ÖZTÜRK Levent
Published: February 2020

Each society has a unique cuisine and taste which has been developed over time. Furthermore, each region and climate offer different options, health and life perception varies in each society. In the Arabian Peninsula where The Prophet Muhammad lived, cuisine was shaped according to the region, climate and life perception according to conditions of the era. Indeed, The Prophet Muhammad was a human being lived in Arabian region. He was in close relation with his own society’s cuisine in terms of personal taste before he conveyed the Islamic religion. Islam as a religion has contributed to daily life of people in terms of different point of views beside perception about world blessings. In this text, variety of foods consumed in Arabian Peninsula, distribution of these according to types and variety of dishes, pots and pans that were used during The Prophet Muhammad era was mentioned. This study aimed to enlighten whether religion has an influence on cuisine and Islamic religion suggests a life devoid of food and drink.
Lack of Good Governance and the Generation of Political Crises in Developing Countries: Practical Case of Macedonia, Last Three Years’ Experience
Authors: Kadriu Besa
Published: February 2020

Having in mind that the political approach and the way of governing today in developing countries is one of the key problems that face, or exists in Macedonia's practice, especially in a country like this, where today, still in these new, political, economic and global conditions and circumstances, we encounter great difficulties in the state of government and the lack of proper functioning of the transparent and principled form of institutions providing public services or those who have a tendency to public service delivery. The main purpose of this paper is to give some clarification about an experience that is often repeated in the practice of developing countries. This paper will raise these problems and issues: What are the underlying reasons for the lack of governance in developing countries?; What steps should be taken by governments of these countries in sense of being more prepared in the process of integrating countries into European structures and how can they prevent crises in the process of political reform? The paper will raise the research aspect by giving the opportunity to recognize the political reasons for the experiences that this country shares in the process that is ongoing even these days. And the last part of this research will focus on the recommendations that will be given to developing countries.
Continuity and Change in Patriarchal Structure: Recent Trends in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Uddin Main
Published: February 2020

This paper is about the transformation in the patriarchal structure of Rashidpur village in Munshiganj district, Bangladesh following overseas migration of men leaving their women in the village. In doing so, the study explores the continuity and changes in the discourse and practices of traditional gender roles in a patriarchal Muslim society considering the perspective of both men and women. The study pays especial attention to transnational communication of the villagers, the changes in their gender based mobility and its contribution to the changes in patriarchal ideology. The study is based on ethnographic fieldwork, which examines whether the changes are sustainable or temporal for a period when the husbands are abroad and what happens to the practices when the husbands permanently return. Though the findings of the study indicate the diversity and complexity of practices, migration of men increases the mobility of the left behind women. Again, the entrance of cell phone, TV and satellite channels and transnational communication of women have significantly changed their agency as individuals. Consequently, many young wives like to come out of the domination of their in-laws and live in separate households instead of previous joint arrangement. The overall findings of the study show a remarkable change in the traditional pattern of village life. The study contextualizes structure and agency to understand how patriarchal structure influences individuals and how individuals play a role to transform the structure in exchange through their mobility, activities and resistance when the migrants are abroad.