bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recycled smelter slag as an engineering material - opportunity and sustainability
Authors: Chowdhury S.R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Slags obtained from the Vale Copper Cliff smelter in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, were investigated as sustainable engineering materials in this study. The recycled smelter waste products can remove toxic contaminants from the aqueous environment as well as be used in the construction industry (as aggregates, cement admixtures, filling materials), soil improvement for agricultural purposes, and other value-added applications and products. The removal mechanisms of the heavy metals (such as Zn, Pb, and Cu, etc.) from aqueous solutions could be physical or chemical adsorption, ion exchange, oxidation-reduction, etc. At the same time, using recycled smelter slags in various engineering applications can help with waste reduction, disposal cost reduction, resource recovery, and increased reused activities. The present study helps explore the scope of using recycled materials in the treatment or construction industry. Using industrial smelter slag as a recycling or renewable resource rather than a waste product has environmental and economic benefits. The study also specifically discusses Ni smelter slag's composition, application, treatment efficiency, opportunity, economic benefits, and circularity for sustainable management.
Structure, electronic properties of AlAs using first-principles calculations
Authors: Bouchareb S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Density functional theory has been used to study the structural and electronic properties of AlAs using generalized gradient approximation implemented through the WIEN2k code by the local density (LDA), generalized gradient approximations (GGAPBE), and generalized gradient approximation is given by Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof (GGAPBE Sol) methods .The AlAs's cubic structure is mechanically stable in the Fd-3m space group and exhibits semi-conducteur behavior with a 2.259 eV indirect energy band gap (EG) along the Г-Χ. The optimized lattice is constant (a0=5,6605Å). The properties suggest that the material is also suitable for use as a photoconductor such as diodes, laser diode, optoelectronic devices, and such as light emitting diodes.
Fatigue life evaluation of asphalt mixtures containing natural river sands and designed by bailey method
Authors: Alsheyab M.A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This study aims to investigate the efficiency of Bailey method of optimizing the fatigue life of asphalt mixtures when natural sand is included in the mix at two coarseness levels of aggregate gradations: Fine-Graded (FG) and Coarse-Graded (CG), with three mixes which varied with the percentage of the natural river sand, were prepared at each coarseness level, namely: Corse-Graded with Quarry Sand only (CG-QS), Corse-Graded with Natural Sands only (CG-NS), Corse-Graded with Quarry and Natural Sands (CG-QNS), Fine-Graded with Quarry Sand only (FG-QS), Fine-Graded with Natural Sands only (FG-NS), and Fine-Graded with Quarry and Natural Sands (CG-QNS). The portions of the natural sand either in CG-QNS and FG-QNS mixes were minimized as possible without violating the Bailey ratios. The Beam Fatigue (BF) test was used to evaluate the performance of each mixture at a strain level of 1000 micro strain. The sensitivities of the volumetric measures with Nf were evaluated. The study’s findings indicate that the Number of Cycles to Failure (Nf) was generally decreasing with the increase of the natural sand in the mix at any strain levels. The Dust Proportion (DP) was the most significant volumetric. The Bailey gradation method successfully provided a similar gradation coarseness for CG-QNS compared to CG-QS, which resulted in comparable Nf and indicates a similar aggregate interlock.
Preliminary investigation and SWOT analysis of sustainable mortar utilizing Arabic Gum
Authors: Nasir M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Modern concrete technology requires commercial chemical additives or admixtures - synthetic in nature which are considered as non-ecological construction practice. Conversely, Arabic Gum (AG) is also known to alter the properties of the concrete without compromising the techno-economic and environmental merits when adequately incorporated. This research explores the potency of AG in the development of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) mortar. Four types of mixes were prepared after admixing the dosage of AG in the range of 0% to 1.5% at an interval of 0.5% by weight of the OPC. The specimens were tested by evaluating representative fresh and mechanical properties, such as visual inspection, flow, and compressive strength. The findings were also correlated with the scanning electron microscopy. The results indicated that workability was linearly enhanced by the inclusion of the AG. On the other hand, the strength progressed up to 1% dosage of AG afterwards insignificant development was noticed attributed to bleeding phenomenon leading to a non-cohesive matrix. Therefore, 1%-admixed AG mixture was considered as optimum mix yielding a maximum flow of 250 mm and a 28-day compressive strength of 47.4 MPa. These values were 47% and 22% higher than that in the AG-free mix, respectively. It is postulated that the AG acts like a superplasticizer and contribute to enhance the workability of the mixture, whereas optimum dose provide microstructural densification resulting in higher strength. Hence, up to 1% of AG can be beneficially admixed depending on the flow and strength requirements. The SWOT analysis indicated that the usage of AG in production of construction products might expand the market for the farmers, cut-short the material cost and contribute to the circular economy.
A numerical study on the effect of basement excavation and fibre reinforced concrete as tunnel lining material
Authors: Iqbal F.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Metros are one of the important transportation systems in urban areas. Due to rapid development in urban areas, there is huge commercial demand resulting in the development of underground spaces are rapid. Some of the developments may have deep excavations for basements in close proximity to existing tunnels. If the induced tunnel deformation and internal forces exceed the capacity of the tunnel structures then damages such as segmental cracking, leakage and longitudinal distortion of the tracks occur and it threatens the safety of the passengers and hence is a major concern. A parametric study on the effect of basement excavation on the underground metro in soil gives an idea about the influence of various factors like lining material and lining thickness. The crown and right spring line undergo more displacements in both the excavation and loading stage. From the study it was observed that, providing FRC as tunnel lining material has significant effect on reducing foundation settlement.
Design of a solar PV power plant at KFU premises
Authors: Alnasser M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This research project involves the design of an on-grid solar ‎photovoltaic system on a 6500m^2 triangular-shaped land at the King ‎Faisal University (KFU) campus. This project consists of two parts: general knowledge of Solar PV systems and design aspects of the solar PV system. The first part highlights key ‎theoretical knowledge about PV systems, i.e., the definition of a PV system, ‎the types, current technologies, and the components of the system. ‎The second part presents the design aspects of an on-grid ‎PV system and shows some standards used in designing, and sizing ‎PV components including the distance ‎between arrays and comparison between vertical and horizontal mounted ‎PV panels. The proposed modeling approach utilizes PVsyst solar simulation program to help ‎optimize and design the proposed solar PV system. Based on the performed numerical ‎calculations, the final design consisted of 8 inverters rated ‎‎at 110kVA each and 1200 panels rated at 540W to get the maximum output ‎power to feed the 1MW water treatment plant.‎ Several scenarios were carried out using different economic parameters. For the optimal scenario, the total operation cost using the 650 kW PV system is estimated to be 451,215 SAR with savings of 109,425 compared to the grid alone scenario. This translated to 0.254 SAR/kWh. In terms of oil and pollution and oil savings, the optimal results for adding the 650 kW PV system yield he life cylce cost anaylsis yield savings of more than 17,000 oil barrels and more than 23 thousand tons of CO2. The corresponding monetary revenues are about 13.4 million SAR.
Strength properties of self-compacting concrete incorporating iron ore tailings
Authors: AJAGBE W.O.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The quest for sustainable production of concrete is a major step towards achieving net-zero Carbon. The utilisation of industrial waste in the production of concrete entrenches both sustainability and economic viability. Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) are a byproduct of the beneficiation process of iron ore. The unbridled disposal of Iron Ore Tailings (IOT) has proven to be a great threat to the natural environment. Self-compacting concrete (SCC) has gained prominence in the construction industry based on its unique flowability quality. This study investigated the strength characteristics of SCC incorporating IOT as replacement for fine aggregate. Concrete containing 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 100% IOT as fine aggregate replacement were prepared and subjected to compressive and flexural strengths tests. The results reveal a progressive increase in strength with age for compressive strength, and progressive increase in strength with increasing percentage contents of IOT for both compressive and flexural strength tests. The inclusion of IOT as partial replacement of fine aggregates in SCC has a potential to mitigate the environmental degradation caused by its disposal and excessive depletion of natural sand. Besides, it is a viable measure towards reduction of carbon footprint of concrete production with evident economical benefits.
Tensor as a tool in engineering analysis
Authors: Akinola A.P.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. This paper underscores the potency of the invariant character of tensor and its derivative concepts and accentuate the synergy between isotropic tensor and other tensors and the corresponding vector operations. The equivalence of covariant derivative in a curvilinear coordinates system embedded with a non-constant vector field and the partial derivative in an affine coordinates system ingrained with a constant vector field is interrogated. The corresponding role of the Christofell symbols as the affine connector of vectors with their derivatives in a variable field are compared to the Frenet-Seret skew-matrix connecting the trihedrons (i.e. tangent, normal and binormal) of a moving space curve with their derivatives. The nexus of the Christofell symbols with the geodesics is also shown. The structure of the metric tensor and the Levi-Chivita skew-symmetric tensor , as isotropic tensor rank-2 and rank-3 respectively is highlighted, such that the usual operations of dot product (or scalar product or inner product) and cross product or (vector product or spin/rotation operation}) are now expressed through the isotropic tensors. Recalling the theory of exterior differential form and invoking the Poincare's theorem we show the application of the exterior product in establishing exact differential (or total differential) in calculus in relation to plane problem of Elasticity. The invariant nature of the tensor objects and operations therefrom are then copiously invoked and deployed to establish constitutive relation for materials: in finite elasticity, within the context of hyperelasticity; composites, where there is a trade-off between heterogeneity and anisotropy through homogenisation process whereby differential equations with variable coefficients are converted to differential equations with constant coefficients; and plasticity, where application of tensor is exhibited with strain gradient plasticity, and shown how the concepts provide balance of microscopic forces, balance of macroscopic forces, and plastic flow laws as concise mathematical equations.
Manufacturing strategy for additive manufacturing of a piping component for oil and gas application
Authors: Alsaiari M.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Additive manufacturing, or 3D printing, has been the most developing, desired manufacturing process in the manufacturing industry for the last three decades. Ease of application, design of freedom, and variety of materials application attracted all industries manufacturers to shift their dependency of the traditional manufacturing processes to acquire an innovative state-of-the-art solution at the most affordable cost. AM manufacturing provides parts with the optimum processing factors and the least material wastage. Strength and final dimensional accuracy are vital in AM parts creation. This paper will demonstrate the DfAM to fabricate a piping spacer for the oil and gas piping system. Also, it will shed light on the main elements that impact DfAM's strategy. All related manufacturing parameters: including infill, printing orientation, and material selection analyzed, to acquire a robust part created using the FDM process to ensure the final product is safely utilized for the oil and gas industry application.
High dimensional model representation for the probabilistic assessment of seismic pounding
Authors: Sinha R.
Published: August 2023

Abstract: The study presented herein aims to analyse the seismic performance of a two-dimensional eight-storey non-ductile reinforced concrete frame against structural pounding with an adjacent three-storey stiff frame having different storey heights. The examined case of pounding refers to the extremely critical floor-to-column structural pounding for three different initial separation gaps between the said structures. Seismic vulnerability analysis is usually performed by way of developing fragility curves for a set of damage and intensity measures using a suitable fragility curve generation technique. For this study, damage measures are characterized by the percentage maximum inter-storey drifts of the taller, flexible frame while the peak ground accelerations of the ground motion data are used as the corresponding intensity measures. Displacement-based fragility curves were generated for 9 sampling points using the High Dimensional Model Representation (HDMR) technique and the results were compared with actual probabilistic data obtained using Monte-Carlo Simulations (MCS). The results of this study imply that the proposed use of HDMR provides excellent fragility curves for the estimation of pounding risks with a significant reduction in the number of simulations required, thereby reducing the computational cost by huge margins. Results also indicate that fragility curves for target separation distances can also be obtained using HDMR without performing additional simulations. This can further be used for the mitigation of pounding risks and for the reliability-based design of buildings for target separation distances and damage measures.
A homogenized finite element analysis of the deformation of axially-loaded thin-walled epoxy/coir fibre-reinforced aluminum 6063 composite tubes
Authors: Malomo B.O.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Metal-fibre hybridization is strategic to the development of efficient lightweight energy absorbing structures. In this study, the deformation of variable coir-fibre reinforcement volumes (10%-90%) hybridized at reinforcement thicknesses (10T, 15T and 20T) with aluminum alloy 6063 tubes was investigated from a continuum standpoint to unravel the underlying mechanisms of the composite’s performance potential. A representative volume element (RVE) was developed to determine the effective properties of coir-fibers based on Mori-Tanaka/Benveniste theoretical model in DIGIMAT 2017.0, while the aluminum alloy properties were defined by Johnson-Cook’s plasticity. Finite element (FE) simulations were implemented in ABAQUS Explicit Dynamics by deformable continuum elements to capture the damage initiation and evolution response based on the Hashin’s stiffness degradation failure criteria and the strength-based cohesive zone, traction-separation law. Incidental high peaks and unstable buckling loads at the onset of crushing was significant for 10T and 15T tubes with 10-30% and 80-90% reinforcement concentrations (Vf) relative to the low frequency of fluctuations at 40-70%, Vf. Axisymmetric to non-asymmetric transformations occurred with relative significance for the tubes as the resistance to global bending increased with reinforcement thickness. The interaction between the tube walls and reinforcement layers in preventing the formation of complete folds notably increased with 15T and 20T tubes at 60% fiber concentration, where the extensional collapse by progressive delamination of the 20T tubes improved the buckling resistance at densification. In agreement with FE simulations, experimental stress-strain plots at 60% Vf, confirmed that 20T tubes indicated wider plateau region of stable crushing to underscore observed high capacities for energy absorption.
Design and simulation of a large-scale telescopic paraboloidal solar concentrator: Dual receiver
Authors: Betela B.B.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Beam-down solar concentrators with a secondary reflector are receiving a lot of attention at present. Large telescopic dual-receiver solar concentrators with Gregorian and Cassegrain alignments have been modelled and investigated in the present study with each telescopic design having a unique set of receivers that are mounted and anchored to the ground. A comparative assessment of both of the telescopic alignments have been carried out along with minimum image radii The results reveal that both telescopic designs are capable of splitting incoming sunlight and facilitating the use of two receivers. For the design and simulation of telescopic designs, Tonatiuh and Soltrace have been employed for a comparative evaluation. Both of the conventional and telescopic designs using Soltrace and Cassegrain, as well as conventional designs by Tonatiuh, produced identical results in the simulation of total power on the receiver, However, a sizable peak flux discrepancy was seen between the results from Tonatiuh and Soltrace.
Recycling of machining waste fibers in the formulation of new concrete
Authors: TAFRAOUI S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The use of waste fibers from the mechanical machining of parts in the formulation of new concretes is of great importance for the protection of the environment because, on the one hand, it makes it possible to recover the materials already used and to on the other hand, it allows nature to be protected from excessive exploitation of the reserve of artificial metallic fibers. The new concretes have high performance (high compressive strength, low porosity and permeability, durability, etc.), however these concretes are fragile and have low tensile strength, which limits their use. The objective of this study is to see the influence of the introduction of waste fibers on the behavior of new concretes. It is necessary to study the physical-mechanical characteristics of these concretes composed of these wastes in the hardened state.
Static and free vibration analysis of laminated sandwich shell with double curvature considering the effect of transverse normal strain
Authors: SHAIKH A.S.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. For the static bending analysis of sandwich spherical shells, higher-order closed-form solutions are provided in the current study based on a new hyperbolic shell theory considering the effects of transverse normal strain. A shell consists of three layers wherein the top and the bottom layers (face sheets) are made up of hard material and the middle layer (core) is made up of soft material. The governing equations and associated boundary conditions of the theory are produced by employing the principle of virtual work. Semi-analytical closed-form solutions for the static problem are produced by the Navier technique for simply supported boundary conditions of the shell. The present results are compared with results that have already been published in order to confirm the accuracy and efficacy of the current higher-order hyperbolic shell theory.
Comparison study of performance and heat leak factor of three types of heat exchangers operated with nanofluid
Authors: Jassim E.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Nanofluid are categorized under class of fluids that have extreme potential to enhance the heat transfer in heat exchangers. However, the interaction between the exchanger and the ambient (heat leak) is an essential issue since it could deteriorate the exchanger performance. The quantity of the heat loss is directly related to the temperature of the hot fluid, the Reynolds number, and the type and volume fraction of the nanoparticle. The experimental study presents the heat leak when distilled water is mixed with different concentration of Al2O3 (range from 1% to 3%) and streamed into three different types of heat exchangers, namely concentric, shell and tube, and plate type. The results emphasize that presence of nanoparticles improves the Nusselt number (convection coefficient) and the NTU number (exchanger performance). The analysis also shows that heat leak factor augments with the increase in VoF of nanofluid in all types. However, plate type exchanger has the lowest losses to the ambient, followed by shell and tube and finally concentric type.
Dynamic deformation analysis of a spherical cavity explosion
Authors: Fadodun O.O.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. The problem of rapid explosion of a spherical cavity in an infinite elastic media of Achenbach and Sun, Israilov and Hamidou is revisited in this study under central symmetric considerations. The governing partial differential equation is reformulated as a differential-difference equation, with compatibility conditions for the unknown cavity’s radial evolution, with the unknown displacement being the exponential generating function of a formal radial Laurent series. It is shown that for cavity explosion at constant speed, the modified problem admits self-similar displacement profiles of the inverse hyperbolic type for conjugate decreasing cavity pressures inversely proportional to the time.
Investigation of the influence of external edge restraint on reinforced concrete walls
Authors: Shehzad M.K.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Externally restraining volume changes of concrete, i.e., thermal effects and shrinkage, may result in tensile stresses and eventually cracking. Such cracking risk is controlled / mitigated by the provision of steel reinforcement, which presumes correct understanding of the cracking patterns under different types of restraint conditions. Reinforced concrete (RC) members may be restrained at their edges or end, or in many cases a combination of the two. Existing guidance on the subject is mostly based on end restrained members, however it is applied to predict the behaviour under edge restraint too. Researchers have identified that the mechanisms of cracking associated to edge and end restraints are quite different. To this purpose, findings from an experimental investigation aiming to understand the behaviour of edge restrained RC walls were utilized to validate a finite element (FE) model. Subsequently, this FE model was used to study the edge restrained walls having different aspect ratios. Cracking patterns, widths and extent appeared to greatly depend on the wall aspect ratio. The study provides clear evidence on why similar studies related to all forms of restraint are needed to support engineers in designing against cracking due to restraints.
Numerical study on the effect of real gas model on the flow structure and shock location of Laval nozzle
Authors: Jasem B.I.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Design of supersonic nozzle requires accurate and robust procedure since the flow becomes subtle during shifting from subsonic to supersonic. This article presents some aspects of the fluid features at supersonic region when it behaves as real gas using 3D-numerical simulation. The objectives include the variation in the shock position, the fluid properties, and the real gas model at different Nozzle-Pressure-Ratio (NPR). Results of CFD simulation showed that ideal gas model predicts higher Mach number than any real gas model. Also, the prediction is different between SRK and BWR models. The erroneous in predicating Mach number approaches 21% for SRK and 43% for BWR. For the range of NPR 2-3, shock position is found to be proportion to NPR; however, significant discrepancy in the shock location is observed when ideal gas verses real gas is assumed.
Mechanics and failure analysis of stitched sandwich structures damaged by the impact of various energies
Authors: ASSOULI A.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. In the fields of structural mechanics and failure analysis, the presence of damage to structural materials requires several studies. Expertise, damage, is crucial to understand the behavior of structures under various loading conditions. Generally, this damage affects the most stressed area of the structure and can lead to the accumulation and propagation of damage, leading to the partial or total collapse of the structure. On the other hand, stitched sandwich plates are an innovative structural material with extremely high performance in the fields of building mechanics and others. However, when these plates are damaged, it is essential to study their behavior under subsequent loading conditions to assess their ability to withstand a second impact. After having been damaged by a first impact at low speed, a diagnosis was carried out which showed the capacity of these plates to undergo a new shock. The present work focuses on the study of the behavior of these said plates under the effect of a second impact. First, the plates subject to damage in previous works were subjected to a new constant energy impact in order to observe the cumulative effect. In the second part, repeated impact tests were applied to healthy plates according to two different modes. The diversity of impact modes is based on the cycle (time) factor. An immediate repeated shock whereas for the other mode the specimen only suffers a second shock after a rest of 24 hours. An analysis of the behavior of the sandwich plates under the effect of different shocks (without rebound) was carried out. The results obtained showed once again the effectiveness of these structural materials in the face of the effect of impact compared to traditional sandwiches. The damage seen is characterized by positioning and pivoting around the point of impact and is limited to the edges of the collider's diameter and depth. Fracture analysis of these plates indicated that the damage resulted in a decrease in their bearing capacity.
A comprehensive analysis of the erosion in a carbon steel boiler tube elbow through the use of 3D mapping of the corroded surface and CFD modelling
Authors: Bukharin N.
Published: August 2023

Abstract. Erosion corrosion is a common problem that affects boiler tubes, particularly those in power plants and industrial settings where hard water and abrasive particles are present in the flow. These particles can cause physical erosion to the surface of the tubes, which can then lead to further corrosion. This type of corrosion is often accelerated by the high temperatures and pressures present in a boiler system, as well as the presence of oxygen. The combination of physical erosion and chemical corrosion attack can cause significant damage to the tubes, reducing their ability to efficiently transfer heat and potentially leading to system failure. Therefore, it is important to predict rates of erosion to prevent costly and potentially dangerous failures. The focus of this paper is an investigation into the effects of erosion caused by hard water particles on a carbon steel boiler tube elbow (ANSI 16.9). A semi-empirical procedure, which considers properties of the material and flow parameters, is developed for predicting erosion rates. The study revealed that the primary erosion damage occurred on the extrados of the bend. The findings indicated that particles within the flow began to separate from the front wall surface, resulting in significant erosion along the lateral sides. The disappearance of erosion from the front surface of the bend was also consistent with the erosion patters observed on the eroded pipe sample, which was extracted from the line. Moreover, it was demonstrated the presence of two different erosion patterns in the separation region, which matched qualitatively the erosion pattern observed on the sample wall.
Lignocellulose-Based Materials for Food Packaging: A Biorefinery Perspective
Authors: Ladero M.
Published: August 2023

To date, food plastic packaging has become widespread because it dramatically increases the shelf life of foods. However, social awareness of the negative effects of such a practice (emission of greenhouse gases, ubiquitous presence of nano- and microplastics, effects on the food chain, etc.) is growing. At the same time, cellulose-based materials like paper and cardboard have the notable advantage of their recyclability and the nature of their source. Other chemical compounds contained in plants and other living beings have great potential as components of cellulose-based packaging, making it possible to improve the mechanical, thermal and barrier properties of this key material in second-generation biorefineries. As the integrated biorefinery concept is a holistic view of the total conversion of biomass into energy, chemicals, materials, food and feed. Successful bio-based food packaging is able to replace the best plastic packaging and can be envisaged as a key factor for the expansion of the bioeconomy and the circular economy beyond the food sector, further integrating human activities in the geochemical cycles and, thus, boosting their sustainability.
Smart Anticorrosive Polymeric Coatings for Prolonging the Lifetime of Metallic Structures
Authors: Naderi R.
Published: August 2023

Organic coatings as a physical barrier are applied on metallic substrates to suppress the metal deterioration against corrosive media. When the coatings are scratched or damaged, no active corrosion protection is provided. In other words, when the barrier properties fail, protection performance decreases and corrosion reactions occur on the metallic substrate surface. To overcome the problem, corrosion inhibitors have been proposed to be included directly or indirectly. One of the most effective strategies to develop smart coatings is to incorporate inhibitor-container into the formulation. Layers by layers (LbLs), layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with anion exchange capability, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), particles with cation exchange capability such as clay montmorillonite, zeolite, etc. are some of the reservoirs that will discuss in this chapter. The containers carry inhibitor and liberate it on-demand. So, the protection performance of the coatings is guaranteed for the longer times.
Scrap for New Steel
Authors: Celada-Casero C.
Published: August 2023

Steel is the main structural material to our modern society. To guarantee the supply of sustainable steel, the steelmaking industry must achieve net-zero CO2 emissions by 2050. Besides the replacement of coal-based energy carriers to lower the CO2 emissions, the substitution of primary raw materials with scrap is essential to promote energy and resource efficiency in the circular economy strategy. Steel production via the scrap-based electric arc furnace (EAF) route reduces the CO2 emissions by 80% with respect to the blast furnace-basic oxygen furnace (BF-BOF) route. Nowadays, most of the overall scrap steel is fabrication and post-consumer scrap. Scrap utilization at higher rates poses a challenge for the steel industry due to the increasing content of tramp elements (Cu, Sn, Cr, Ni and Mo) in steel since the 1990. Some steel qualities demand very strict composition requirements, as either the absences or the controlled content of tramp elements. Improving scrap processing and classification methods is essential to ensure better scrap quality for new steel.
Interpretive Paradigm: Disclosure of Local Community Concern for the Environment (Study in Alas Purwo National Park Area, Banyuwangi, East Java)
Authors: Kumalasari Kartika , Aprilia Anisa , Aini Edlyn , Fajar Yusri , Prasasti Anindya
Published: August 2023

Alas Purwo National Park is a protected national park located in Banyuwangi, East Java, Indonesia. The Alas Purwo National Park currently allows for a variety of activities, including tourism and scientific study. In its development, the tourism industry must consider environmental, economic, social, and cultural factors, among others. Additionally, Alas Purwo National Park is a state-protected park, thus environmental sustainability must be considered. The aim of this research was to investigate how people interpret the notion of environmental stewardship. This researcher employed descriptive qualitative methods with primary data sources from informants who are Bedul and Alas Purwo Banyuwangi region residents engaged in economic activities. Determination of informants utilizing semi-structured interviews and open-ended questions based on snowball sampling. The results of the study indicate that the community in Alas Purwo National Park already appreciates the importance of caring for the environment and contributing to its preservation. Moreover, managers always maintain the ecosystem and advise visitors not to harm the native flora and wildlife.
Impact of Green Marketing to Food and Beverages on Purchasing Decisions and Brand Image as a Mediation Variable (Case Study: Millennial Consumers)
Authors: Hasanah Ajeng , Riana Fitria , Toiba Hery
Published: August 2023

The emergence of various threats to the environment, encourages companies to be able to apply a new business concept, namely by implementing issues related to marketing that apply the concept green marketing. Green marketing is the consistency of all activities designed to meet human needs and desires without harming the environment and not harming other living things. This study uses a quantitative approach which is analyzed by using statistical methods by Smart-PLS. Based on the results of the analysis that has been done, it can be seen by consumer perceptions about companies that apply the green marketing concept have good results. The variables in this study include green marketing and brand image as mediating variables which have positive and significant results on purchasing decision variables. Strategies that can be implemented are not using formaldehyde and hazardous chemicals (X1.2), providing a place for inventory storage close to the store (X2.2), providing the latest information on environmental issues (X3.2), holding seminars, and carrying out disaster care actions (X4.2) and collaborating with chemistry students regarding the products used originating from safe materials (X5.2).
PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF STARCH NOODLES BASED ON SORGHUM FLOUR (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) AND SAGO FLOUR (Metroxylon Sp)
Authors:   Universitas Brawijaya, Patty Marningsih Doko , Murtini Erni Sofia ,   Universitas Brawijaya, Putri Widya Dwi Rukmi ,   Universitas Brawijaya
Published: August 2023

Sorghum is one of the local commodities that has the potential to be developed into alternative food products. Sorghum is a gluten-free source of protein, vitamins, minerals and calories. This study aims to determine the effect of the proportion of sorghum flour and sago flour on physical and chemical characteristics and determine the best treatment for dry noodles. The experimental design used a completely randomised design with one factor, that is the proportion of sorghum flour and sago flour consisting of 6 levels (80:20; 75:25; 70:30; 65:35; 60:40; 55:45) grams. The results showed that the proportion of sorghum flour and sago flour affected the physical characteristics of colour, breakage, elongation, cooking time, cooking shrinkage, and water absorption, but had no effect on breaking point. The best behaviour was produced in the proportion of 60 grams of white sorghum flour and 40 grams of sago flour which was then chemically analysed to have a moisture content of 11.90%, fat content of 0.24, ash content of 1.15%, protein content of 5.98%, and carbohydrate content of 80.79%.
Willingness to Communicate, Multilingualism and Interactions in Community Contexts
Authors: Henry Alastair , MacIntyre Peter D.
Published: August 2023

This book examines the communication behaviours of individuals in multilingual community contexts. Using a complexity lens and the presentation of a revised 3D pyramid model, the authors demonstrate the dynamic nature of willingness to communicate over time and shed new light on processes that affect communication, migration and well-being.
Evaluation of Tribulus terrestris effect on kidney and liver function in healthy mice
Authors: Nasir Omaima , Ahmed Omaima , Baty Roua S. , Alotaibi Saad H. , Alqadri Nada , Abushal Suzan A. , Elsayed Salam , Toufig Hind
Published: August 2023

This research aims to evaluate the pharmacological efficacy of aqueous spine extracts of Tribulus terrestris (TT) on liver and kidney function through physiological, biochemical, haematological, and histological assessments. Tribulus terrestris is renowned for its therapeutic benefits in traditional medicine practices in China, India, Pakistan, and Sudan for treating various chronic ailments. The study employed 5 weight per volume percentage (% w/v) of TT aqueous spines extract. BALB/c mice, both male and female, aged 4-6 weeks, were maintained in controlled ecological conditions (temperature: 22-24°C, humidity: 50-70%, light/dark cycle: 12-h). The mice were divided into two groups: the control group received normal tap water throughout the experimental period, while the other group was administered 5% (w/v) TT spines solution for 15 days. The outcomes of BALB/c mice treated with 5% Tribulus terrestris were compared with the control group after 15 days, revealing no significant difference in the drug's efficacy. The physiological results indicated reduced body weight, food intake, and adverse effects in the biochemical profile, including urinary and serum electrolyte levels, liver function tests, increased random blood glucosem, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), bilirubin (BIL), cholesterol (CHO), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and triglycerides (TRI). Similarly, kidney function tests showed increased Urinary Nitrogen and creatinine plasma levels, with low blood urea nitrogen (BUN), urinary creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However, no significant difference was observed in haematological profile readings. In conclusion, the findings suggest that the aqueous spine extract of Tribulus terrestris does not demonstrate beneficial effects on liver and kidney function, indicating that this study supports the notion that the plant cannot be utilized as a medicinal remedy.
Respiratory disease classification using selected data mining techniques
Authors: Anqui Abrahem P.
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer, known for its high mortality rate, continues to claim numerous lives worldwide. Early detection has proven to offer significant advantages, substantially improving the prospects for successful treatment, medication, and the healing process. Despite various classification methods used to identify certain illnesses, their accuracy has often been suboptimal. In this paper, we employ Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) as a classifier and dimensionality reduction model to enhance the predictive accuracy of lung cancer presence. This study aims to predict the occurrence of lung cancer by utilizing a set of predictor variables, including gender, age, allergy, swallowing difficulty, coughing, fatigue, alcohol consumption, wheezing, shortness of breath, yellowish finger, chronic disease, smoking, chest pain, anxiety, and peer pressure. The goal is to enable early diagnosis, leading to timely and effective interventions. The results of our investigation demonstrate that LDA achieves an impressive accuracy rate of 92.2% in predicting lung cancer presence, surpassing the performance of the C4.5 and Naïve Bayes classifiers. This finding underscores the potential of LDA as a valuable tool for the early detection of lung cancer, ultimately contributing to improved patient outcomes. Through the utilization of LDA, we hope to advance the field of medical diagnostics and enhance the prospects for successful lung cancer management and treatment.
Comunidade Investigativa e Desenvolvimento Profissional de Professores
Authors: Mizukami Maria da Graça Nicoletti , Silva Marcia Tostes Costa da , Andrade Maria de Fátima Ramos de
Published: August 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como professores de Educação Infantil de uma comunidade investigativa da rede pública traduzem a Base Nacional Comum Curricular da Educação Infantil (BNCC) em práticas pedagógicas. Trata-se de uma pesquisa[1]descritivo-analítica de natureza qualitativa. Como instrumentos de pesquisa foram utilizados: entrevista com roteiro semiestruturado, observação e análise de documentos. Participaram do estudo duas professoras e uma diretora da rede pública municipal de Educação Infantil de Barueri – SP. Por comunidade investigativa entende-se contextos nos quais professores constroem conhecimentos sobre as próprias práticas, dialogando com teorias. Os dados evidenciam a importância dos processos de construção da base de conhecimento para o ensino com especial destaque para o protagonismo de cada participante na construção de conhecimento pedagógico de conteúdo que materializa a BNCC. A pesquisa indica a importância da formação continuada no local de trabalho.

 

[1] A pesquisa foi submetida à plataforma Brasil, seguindo todos os procedimentos de sigilo, preenchimento e postagem de documentos exigidos pela plataforma, além do cuidado no trato com os participantes da pesquisa. O CAAE do projeto é CAAE é 18126919.4.0000.0084.
Aprendizagens de Tutoras Sobre os Processos de Assessoramento e Desenvolvimento Profissional de Mentoras
Authors: Carvalho Brenda Karla Reis de , Reali Aline Maria de Medeiros Rodrigues
Published: August 2023

O escopo deste estudo foi analisar os conhecimentos construídos sobre o acompanhamento e o desenvolvimento profissional de mentores, na perspectiva de tutoras de um Programa Híbrido de Mentoria (PHM). A pesquisa desenvolvida é do tipo exploratória de abordagem qualitativa. Os dados analisados são provenientes de narrativas de três tutoras/TT3 que atuaram como formadoras de mentores no PHM. O processo analítico foi inspirado nas técnicas da análise de conteúdo. O estudo das narrativas escritas revelou alguns elementos constitutivos da base de conhecimentos para tutoria: a escrita de feedbacks formativos e reflexivos; desenvolvimento de uma escuta sensível e empática; conhecimento acerca das demandas formativas das mentoras; reflexões sobre como ajudar as mentoras a construir autonomia; conhecimento sobre a importância da reflexão e acerca de como promover processos reflexivos; bem como sobre o poder da escrita de narrativas na formação/investigação de/com professores.
Diseño, instrumentación y evaluación ergonómica de un modelo de colmena con alzas melarias en distribución radial
Authors: Puentes Cantor Stefany , Villanueva Uribe Montserrat , Salamanca Briceño Bryand David , Torres-Pérez Yolanda , Gómez-Pachón Edwin Yesid
Published: August 2023

Un apicultor debe inspeccionar (destapar) las colmenas Langstroth cada 15 días para conocer el nivel de producción de miel y de alimentación de las abejas, generando una alteración en el confort térmico de las abejas, sobresfuerzos ergonómicos con el levantamiento de pesos superiores a 13 kilogramos y posturas inadecuadas por la altura y el tamaño de agarres de la colmena. Debido a esto, el objetivo del proyecto fue diseñar y fabricar una colmena instrumentada que permita conocer las condiciones internas de la producción y la alimentación sin tener que manipularla directamente. Se identificaron necesidades funcionales de los apicultores a través de entrevistas y encuestas y se realizó un análisis ergonómico mediante el método de valoración rápida del cuerpo completo (reba) por medio de videos en campo, lo cual permitió generar, evaluar y seleccionar propuestas de diseño; se realizó el diseño, la construcción y la instrumentación de la colmena y se evaluó su funcionalidad en campo. Además, se definió un diseño hexagonal modular que evita levantar secciones de la colmena para su inspección, donde los registros generados por los sensores evidencian que el diseño de la colmena mantiene la temperatura promedio interna de 35 °C por más tiempo. Con el diseño de colmena propuesto, se disminuyen significativamente los esfuerzos que los apicultores deben realizar durante la inspección de las colmenas, se conserva la temperatura de confort de las abejas y la instrumentación permite un monitoreo de la producción de los productos apícolas.
Response Consistency of Crowdsourced Web-Based Surveys on Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Lin Yu Kuei , Newman Sean , Piette John
Published: August 2023

Although Amazon Mechanical Turk facilitates the quick surveying of a large sample from various demographic and socioeconomic backgrounds, it may not be an optimal platform for obtaining reliable diabetes-related information from the online type 1 diabetes population.
Comparison of Reporting and Transparency in Published Protocols and Publications in Umbrella Reviews: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Zhao Liang , Shen Caiyi , Liu Ming , Zhang Jiaoyan , Cheng Luying , Li Yuanyuan , Yuan Lanbin , Zhang Junhua , Tian Jinhui
Published: August 2023

BACKGROUND

Inconsistencies between a protocol and its umbrella review (UR) may mislead readers about the importance of findings or lead to false-positive results. Furthermore, not documenting and explaining inconsistencies in the UR could reduce its transparency. To our knowledge, no study has examined the methodological consistency of the protocols with their URs and assessed the transparency of the URs when generating evidence.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the inconsistency of protocols with their URs in the methodology and assess the transparency of the URs.

METHODS

We searched medical-related electronic databases from their inception to January 1, 2022. We investigated inconsistencies between protocols and their publications and transparencies in the search strategy, inclusion criteria, methods of screening and data extraction, quality assessment, and statistical analysis.

RESULTS

We included 31 protocols and 35 publications. For the search strategy, 39 inconsistencies between the protocols and their publications were found in 26 of the 35 (74%) URs, and 16 of these inconsistencies were indicated and explained. There were 84 inconsistencies between the protocols and their URs regarding the inclusion criteria in 31 of the 35 (89%) URs, and 29 of the inconsistencies were indicated and explained. Deviations from their protocols were found in 12 of the 32 (38%) URs reporting the methods of screening, 14 of the 30 (47%) URs reporting the methods of data extraction, and 11 of the 32 (34%) URs reporting the methods for quality assessment. Of the 35 URs, 6 (17%) were inconsistent with their protocols in terms of the tools for quality assessment; one-half (3/6, 50%) of them indicated and explained the deviations. As for the statistical analysis, 31 of the 35 (89%) URs generated 61 inconsistencies between the publications and their protocols, and 16 inconsistencies were indicated and explained.

CONCLUSIONS

There was a high prevalence of inconsistencies between protocols and publications of URs, and more than one-half of the inconsistencies were not indicated and explained in the publications. Therefore, how to promote the transparency of URs will be a major part of future work.