bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection, Treatment Planning, and Genetic Predisposition of Bruxism: A Systematic Mapping Process and Network Visualization Technique
Authors: Heyat Md Belal Bin , Akhtar Faijan , Khan Masood Hasan , Ullah Najeeb , Gul Ijaz , Khan Haroon , Lai Dakun
Published: November 2020

Background:

Lack of sleep generates many disorders and bruxism is one of them. It has
affected almost 31% of the world population.

Aim:

The purpose of this paper is to determine the volume of the research conducted on bruxism
and to create a database. We aimed to highlight critical issues for further research commitments
and communications. This paper designs a comprehensive and very perception-based picture of
bruxism disorder.

Methods:

The research-based work uses three methods, including a systematic mapping process,
network visualization, and literature review. Softwares, such as VOSviewer, MATLAB, and MEGA-
X, have been utilized to analyze the work. We have researched deep insights of information to
retrieve the present understanding of bruxism disorder from dental to psychological concepts, from
engineering detection to clinical treatment, and from temporomandibular disorder to biological
genes.

Results:

We found 10 keywords and 77 items of bruxism in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, and
Web of Science databases based on previous publications. These keywords and items are helpful
for all types of researchers, which include engineering, science, and medical background personals.
11 genes and 75 research articles with approximately 115,077 subjects, for the analysis of detection,
treatment, child and adolescent bruxism, have been reviewed in the research work.

Conclusion:

It has been found that bruxism altogether has sleep, neurological, dental, and genetic
disorder components and is a complex phenomenon. This study has also mentioned the future direction
and gap in research conducted so far on bruxism and has also tried to provide goals for the upcoming
research to be accomplished in a more significant and scientific manner.
Nano-Lipid-Carriers for the Treatment of Vitiligo: A Recent Update, Pathophysiology and Mechanism of Drug Delivery
Authors: Das Supratim , Kaur Sukhbir
Published: November 2020

Background::

Vitiligo is an auto-immune disease with white-coloured disfiguring patches
or spots on the skin surface. It is highly prevalent in several corners of the world. This disease
spreads in different age groups.

Aim::

The main aim of this review is to provide overview of Pathophysiology and Lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo.

Methods::

The conventional delivery systems available have limited efficacy due to less retention
of the drug in the epidermal layer where melanocytes reside. In order to overcome these issues, an
advanced delivery system with lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo was proven to
be better as per the literature explored.

Results::

This review summarizes the pathophysiology along with novel Lipid-based nano-carriers for the treatment of vitiligo are described well.

Conclusion::

Though various treatment regimens are present for the disease, nano-lipid carrier systems
are significantly gaining importance nowadays, due to their high effectivity in topically acting
on the target site. Nano-lipid carrier systems such as liposomes, ethosomes, transethosomes and
transferosomes can be said to be at the top of the list in acting effectively against vitiligo or several
other tropical diseases.
The Study of the Dependence of Optimal Structure of Composite Materials Containing Hollow Aluminosilicate Microspheres on Humidity
Authors: Atyaksheva Aleksandra , Sarsikeyev Yermek , Atyaksheva Anastasia , Galtseva Olga , Rogachev Aleksander
Published: November 2020

Background:

Experimental data on the conditions for the formation of gravel materials containing
hollow aluminosilicate microspheres with a possibility to receive optimum structure and properties
depending on humidity with the use of various binders are presented in this article. This article focuses
on the scientific study of the possibility to optimize the physical and mechanical properties of
composite materials.

Objective:

The main goal of this research is an exploration of energy-efficient building materials to be
used to replace natural materials with industrial wastes and development of the theory and practice of
how to obtain light and ultra-light gravel materials based on mineral binders and waste dump ash and
slag mixtures of hydraulic removal. The objective of this research is to study the composite material
containing hollow aluminosilicate microspheres.

Method:

The study is based on the application of the separation method for power and heat engineering
functions. The method is based on the use of the structure optimality factor that takes the primary
and secondary stress fields of the structural gravel material into account. It shows the possibility to obtain
gravel material with the most uniform distribution of nano - and microparticles in the gravel material
and to form stable matrices with minimization of stress concentrations. Experiments show that the
thickness of the cement shell that performs power functions is directly related to the size of the raw
granules. At the same time, the cement crust thickness regardless of the binder type has a higher formation
rate for larger diameter granules when the moisture content increases.

Results:

The conditions of formation for gravel composite materials containing hollow aluminosilicate
microspheres were studied. The optimal structure and properties of the gravel composite material were
obtained. The dependence of the strength function on humidity and the binder type was investigated.
The optimal size and shape of gravel material containing aluminosilicate hollow microspheres with a
minimum thickness of a cement shell and a maximum strength function were obtained.

Conclusion.:

The obtained structure enables us to separate power and heat engineering functions in the
material and to minimize the content of the aggressive environment centers.
Ideias sobre tradução durante o Estado Novo em Portugal (1934-1974)
Authors: Seruya Teresa
Published: November 2020

Depois de caracterizar o Estado Novo como ditadura e a instituição da Censura, esclarecese o conceito de “ideias sobre tradução” e explica-se quem são os agentes da tradução nessa época, a partir dos quais podemos sistematizar essas ideias. Os três considerados mais representativos foram o Grémio Nacional de Editores e Livreiros (GNEL), através da sua publicação Livros de Portugal, a Comissão de Censura ao Livro, que funcionou entre 1934 e 1974, produzindo para cima de 10.000 relatórios e, por fim, o próprio Secretariado Nacional da Propaganda (SPN), rebaptizado Secretariado Nacional da Informação (SNI), que promoveu oficialmente, e em estreita ligação com Oliveira Salazar, a tradução de discursos deste para várias línguas europeias. Apresentam-se e comentam-se as ideias que circulavam sobre tradução nessas três instâncias.
The impact of censorship on the translation and publication of Virginia Woolf in Italy in the 1930s
Authors: Cipriani Anna Maria
Published: November 2020

Defined as “the decade of translations”, the 1930s saw the publication of Virginia Woolf’s novels Orlando, Flush, and To the lighthouse in Italian. In the cultural and political context of Fascism, this is unexpected, given the peculiarities of Woolf’s experimental prose. Italian literary criticism was firmly founded on a normative anti-modernist canon, supported by both the Catholic Church, which decried modernism and excommunicated some modernist writers, and by the literary movement led by the anti-Fascist and liberal philosopher Benedetto Croce. This de facto intellectual dictatorship complemented the official cultural policy of the Fascist regime by generating another dimension of censorship that invariably affected the publication of periodicals and books. The present work focuses on the effects of this triple (political, moral, and literary) censorship on the first translation of To the lighthouse.
Translations of English-language poetry in post-war Spain (1939-1983)
Authors: Lobejón Santos Sergio
Published: November 2020

In the years immediately following the Spanish Civil War, the domestic poetry market underwent a lengthy and traumatic transformation stemming directly from the conflict and the Francoist regime’s implementation of systematic censorship. The death and exile of many of the preeminent poets from previous generations, along with the closure and relocation to Latin America of many publishing houses, left a considerable cultural void which would be partly filled with translated texts, most of them from authors writing in English. This article outlines some of the main results of a comprehensive study into the impact of censorship on the Spanish translations of English-language poetry between 1939 and 1983. Although the quantitative data point to a high authorisation rate for translated poetry, the regime used several mechanisms to curb the public’s exposure to ideas deemed harmful which profoundly impacted the translation and reception of those texts.
The Influence of Profitability on Firm Value with Capital Structure as The Mediator
Authors: Mubyarto Novi
Published: November 2020

Abstract: The purpose of this research was to determine the direct and indirect effect of profitability on firm value using capital structure as a mediator. This involves using panel data from 44 companies listed on LQ45 as of 31st December 2015-2018 and analyzed using the path analysis method including Sobel Test and Bootstrapping technique. The results showed a positive and significant direct effect of profitability on firm value while the indirect effect using capital structure as a mediator between the two variables was found to be negative and significant. Moreover, the direct influence of capital structure on firm value was discovered to be negative and significant while the introduction of profitability variables in the relationship led to a positive and significant influence. Similarly, the direct effect of profitability on firm value using capital structure as the controlling variable was also found to be positive and significant.Keywords: firm value, capital structure, profitabilityPengaruh Profitabilitas Terhadap Nilai Perusahaan dengan Struktur Modal Sebagai MediatorAbstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan, dan pengaruh tidak langsung melalui struktur modal sebagai mediator. Menggunakan data panel dari 44 perusahaan yang tercatat di LQ45 per tanggal 31 Desember selama periode 2015 sampai 2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis jalur (Path Analysis), dengan Teknik Sobel Test dan Bootsrapping. Hasil riset membuktikan bahwa terdapat pengaruh langsung yang positif dan signifikan antara profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan. Namun, jika dilihat secara tidak langsung pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan melalui struktur modal sebagai mediator adalah negatif dan signifikan. Selanjutnya, pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap struktur modal adalah negatif dan signifikan. Sementara ketika dikontrol oleh variabel profitabilitas, pengaruh struktur modal terhadap nilai perusahaan positif dan signifikan. Begitu pula dengan pengaruh langsung profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan mengontrol variabel struktur modal juga positif dan signifikan.Kata kunci: nilai perusahaan, struktur modal, profitabilitas
Product Quality and After-Sales Service in Improving Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty
Authors: Purwati Astri Ayu , Fitrio Tomy , Ben Frank , Hamzah Muhammad Luthfi
Published: November 2020

Abstract: In this globalization era, companies are always required to show excellent performance and be able to adapt in changes and current business competitiveness. The aim of this research was to analyzed the effect of product quality and after-sales service on customer satisfaction and loyalty in one of distributor companies in Pekanbaru Riau namely PT Oscarmas Pekanbaru. The sampling technique used in this study was probability sampling with the total of 82 customers as respondents. Data analysis technique was Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Smart PLS. The results of this research showed that the product quality had no significant effect on customer satisfaction but had significant effect on customer loyalty, after-sales services had significant effect on both customer satisfaction and customer loyalty and satisfaction had no effect on customer loyalty. Thus, study proved that between product quality and after-sales service had no indirect effect on customer loyalty through satisfaction.Keywords: product quality, after-sales service, customer satisfaction, customer loyalty Kualitas Produk dan Layanan Purna Jual dalam Meningkatkan Kepuasan dan Loyalitas PelangganAbstrak: Di era globalisasi ini, perusahaan selalu dituntut untuk menunjukkan kinerja yang sangat baik dan mampu beradaptasi dalam perubahan dan daya saing bisnis saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak kualitas produk dan layanan purna jual terhadap kepuasan dan loyalitas pelanggan di salah satu perusahaan distributor di Pekanbaru Riau yaitu PT Oscarmas Pekanbaru. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah probability sampling dengan total 82 pelanggan sebagai responden. Teknik analisis data adalah Structural Equation Model (SEM) menggunakan Smart PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas produk tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan tetapi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan, setelah layanan penjualan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan dan loyalitas pelanggan dan kepuasan tidak berpengaruh pada loyalitas pelanggan. Dengan demikian penelitian membuktikan bahwa antara kualitas produk dan layanan purna jual tidak memiliki efek tidak langsung pada loyalitas pelanggan melalui kepuasan.Kata kunci: kualitas produk, layanan purna jual, kepuasan pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan
Building policy capacity within contextual and political boundaries: an analysis of policies in fiscal and social areas in Brazil (1988/2016)
Authors: Loureiro Maria Rita , Lima-Silva Fernanda , Aranha Adriana Veiga , Calabrez Felipe
Published: November 2020

The current debate on state capacity, despite practical relevance for policy-making and analytical advances in the last decades, is still permeated by several theoretical and methodological problems. Considering that a revised concept of policy capacity has analytical utility, this work has contributed to the literature in three interrelated ways. First of all, we work on the concept of state capacity, highlighting its specificities in regard to the generic notion of power. Secondly, this article shows the relevance of bringing contextual and political elements into the debate of capacity. Thirdly, it helps to establish clearer boundaries on this notion, marking its differences to concepts such as resources and results. Empirically, it analyzes policy capacity developments in areas that have expressed priorities in the governmental agenda in former Brazilian presidencies. In the government of Fernando Henrique Cardoso, the focus is on the fiscal function of the state as a guarantor of credibility for investors, having as a case study the National Treasury Secretariat (STN), within the Ministry of Finance. In Lula's and Dilma's terms, the attention is the social area: the National Secretariat of Citizenship Income, within the Ministry of Social Development, and the National Secretariat of Housing, within the Ministry of Cities, both created at the beginning of the government Lula.
Is Democracy Really The Best Medicine?
Authors: Lins Rodrigo , Rebouças Ian , Domingos Amanda
Published: November 2020

Pandemics are nothing new to the human race. From the Plague of Justinian to the current Covid-19, the world has seen all sorts of contagious disease. But do different political regimes react differently? We argue that the political regime has no major influence.  More specifically: democratic and autocratic regimes have similar performances in taking action to combat the disease. The reasoning for this, however, vary. We do believe that the volatility is higher within the authoritarian group. To test this hypotheses, we will conduct a survival analysis, having the adoption of a strict social isolation policy as the event of interest. We will control for institutional variables, such as the presence of local governments; and for other social variables, such as population density. We will also take in consideration previous experience with Sars. Our findings corroborate our hypothesis. The difference between the two types of regime is not statistical significant. The Economy, however, seems to play small role: The richer the country is, the longer it takes to adopt restriction measures.
The impacts of Covid-19 on the major mining municipalities in Brazil
Authors: Castro Fernando Ferreira de , Do Nascimento Jose Antonio Sena , Góes Geraldo Sandoval , Monnerat Monica Bastos
Published: November 2020

This paper discusses the influences of mining on the spread of the new coronavirus in the largest mining municipalities in Brazil, since its determination as an essential activity to face Covid-19. The theoretical discussion approaches the doubt as to whether or not the spread of the new coronavirus is greater between workers who maintained their activities. The objective of this paper is to investigate how the mining activity has been affected and if it's influencing the panorama of the growing contagion in Brazil. To measure the incidence rates, the methodology involved quantitative and qualitative analysis based on a case study selection of mining municipalities and the monitoring of job offers. In addition to bibliographic research and an economic assessment of the Brazilian mineral sector, the investigation focuses on the possible link between risks to local population and worker’s health in the continuity of their activities. Georeferencing techniques and the proposition of actions in alignment with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) applied for the mineral sector were also part of the analysis methodology. The results verified that: (i) there is a higher degree of incidence of Covid-19 in the selected mining municipalities than in the other municipalities of the same state; (ii) there is a higher ratio of coronavirus cases in the selected mining municipalities than the others in the same population range; (iii) the stable supply of job offers in the mining sector between 2019 and 2020 confirms the maintenance of activities in the selected mining municipalities.
Judicialization of administrative measures to tackle the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Iara Veloso Oliveira , Castro Mônica Silva Monteiro de , Silva Gabriela Drummond Marques da , Miranda Wanessa Debôrtoli de , Magalhães Júnior Helvécio Miranda , Paes-Sousa Rômulo
Published: November 2020

This article studied the judicialization processes related to the pandemic of the new coronavirus, within the scope of Administrative Law. The cases that reached the Brazilian Federal Supreme Court (FSC), available at the “Painel de Ações COVID-19”, were analyzed, as well as a sample of the cases that reached the state courts, obtained through journalistic reports, consolidated on the “Consultor Jurídico” website. Descriptive analysis and content analysis techniques were used, in the thematic mode, for both sources of information. The following variables were analyzed: procedural classes groups, procedural classes, main subject, notification date, time until the first decision, decisions, decisions groups, and total of cases archived remotely. Near 34% of the actions referred to the flexibilization or tightening of people circulation restrictive measures and the opening of commerce and services, and another 34% referred to budgeting issues, mainly dealing with the suspension of state debts and untying resources to combat the pandemic. The median time until the first decision made by the FSC was less than five days for all categories. The judicialization of COVID-19 pointed out already known flaws in public health and social policies in Brazil, and it can boost several attitudes, both by the Legislative and the Executive, to mitigate these problems. This article demonstrates the importance of observing the responses brought by the judicialization, and of the dialogue between the three powers, to deal with the demands of the pandemic better and with several other demands of society.
Editorial
Authors: Koga Natalia Massako , Machado Raphael Amorim , Gomide Alexandre de Avila , Filgueiras Fernando , Ramesh M
Published: November 2020

This special issue of the Public Service Journal (RSP) brings together papers on building policy capacity for development within the Brazilian context. Starting from a broad and integrated understanding of development, which is not restricted to the context of the economic sphere, this compilation presents analyses that discuss issues relevant to the current national agenda. The accumulated imbalance of 'capacities' in various policy areas, the challenges of implementing the Sustainable Development Goals, the peculiarities of capacity mobilization in the local context, and the intersection between capacities and governance are some of the topics debated in this publication.

 It is worth mentioning that this publication is a result of the debate promoted during the International Workshop on Building Capable States for Development in Latin America, held in São Paulo in December 2018 - an event promoted in a partnership between the National University of Singapore (NUS), the Getulio Vargas Foundation (FGV/EAESP), and the Institute of Applied Economic Research (IPEA). Thus, the papers presented in this special issue have been examined and discussed previously among Brazilian and international academics dedicated to the study of state capacities. The aim of publishing these papers in English is to continue to promote this sort of dialogue in international debates on the field of public policy.
Alinhando governança corporativa e gestão:descrição e análise do modelo do Banco Central do Brasil
Authors: Streit Rosalvo Ermes , Faria Fernando de Abreu
Published: November 2020

A governança se tornou um tópico de interesse nas organizações públicas, porém, o tema é relativamente novo nos bancos centrais. Assim, para promover uma melhor compreensão sobre o tema, este artigo apresenta um modelo que evidencia a forma como a governança corporativa e a gestão se relacionam no Banco Central do Brasil (BCB). Em sua essência, o conceito de governança corporativa diz respeito ao sistema pelo qual as organizações são dirigidas e controladas. O modelo foi desenvolvido por meio de uma pesquisa aplicada e organizado em quatro etapas: planejamento, pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, pesquisa participante para construção do modelo e elaboração do relatório final. A etapa da pesquisa participante envolveu servidores do BCB que atuam nos temas de governança e gestão da organização. Para a representação do conhecimento, utilizou-se abordagem baseada em aspectos semânticos. O modelo resultante deste trabalho foi empregado para descrever e comunicar os processos de governança e gestão da organização. A sua importância reside na capacidade de demonstrar o alinhamento entre a governança e a gestão do BCB, o processo decisório, as relações das principais partes interessadas, bem como a interdependência dos instrumentos de gestão administrados por diferentes departamentos na organização, permitindo entender a complexidade do ambiente organizacional mediante a identificação dos seus elementos e da sua semântica.
Comprometimento Organizacional no Setor Público: um olhar sobre três décadas de produção científica brasileira (1989-2019)
Authors: Pinho Ana Paula Moreno , Oliveira Evalda Rodrigues da Silva de , Silva Clayton Robson Moreira da
Published: November 2020

O vínculo entre o trabalhador e a organização tem ganhado destaque no campo do comportamento organizacional, resultando na evolução de estudos que abordam construtos como o comprometimento organizacional. No setor público, a importância de investigar esse construto é premente, uma vez que trabalhadores comprometidos podem ser um meio para que a máquina pública execute seus objetivos de forma eficiente. Assim, este estudo visa analisar o estágio atual da produção científica brasileira sobre comprometimento organizacional no setor público. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão aprofundada da literatura, no período de 1989 a 2019, em que foram analisados 850 documentos de artigos disponíveis em bases científicas e portais de periódicos, além de artigos publicados em anais de quatro eventos científicos. Ao fim das análises, foram registrados 77 artigos científicos sobre comprometimento organizacional no setor público. Com base nesses artigos, foram discutidos atributos teórico-metodológicos das pesquisas, tais como: abordagem da pesquisa; focos e componentes do comprometimento; escalas utilizadas; antecedentes, consequentes e variáveis moderadoras do comprometimento; e esfera do setor público em que os estudos foram desenvolvidos. Os resultados indicam preponderância de estudos com abordagem quantitativa, com foco na organização e que analisaram o comprometimento sob a perspectiva dos componentes afetivo, continuação e normativo. Destaca-se o uso da escala proposta por Meyer e Allen. Dentre os antecedentes, consequentes e variáveis moderados, destacaram-se as variáveis sociodemográficas, políticas e práticas de recursos humanos, satisfação no trabalho e intenção de rotatividade. Por fim, observou-se que a maioria dos artigos foi desenvolvida com servidores que atuam na esfera federal.
Фотоаккумулирующие наногетероструктуры на основе диоксида титана
Authors: Константинова Е.А. , Зайцев В.Б. , Кытина Е.В. , Марикуца А.В.
Published: November 2020

Nanoheterostructures based on titanium dioxide synthesized by the Sol-gel method were studied. Microscopy, x-ray diffraction, optical spectroscopy, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) techniques were used) All the samples under the study are characterized by a large specific surface area (about 100 square meters per gram of substance). It is established that the main types of radicals in the obtained structures are N•, Ti3+, Mo5+, V4+, and W5+, depending on the composition of the samples. It is shown that nanoheterostructures consisting of several metal oxides have high photocatalytic activity in the visible range of the spectrum and the ability to accumulate photogenerated charge carriers. As a result, the catalytic reactions in the samples continue even after the lighting is turned off. A correlation was found between the rate of photocatalysis, the absorption spectra in the visible region, and the concentration of radicals in the studied structures. The results obtained can be used to develop energy-efficient catalytic devices based on nanoheterostructures consisting of titanium, molybdenum, tungsten, and vanadium nanoxides in various combinations that operate under periodic illumination in the visible range of the spectrum. The research was carried out with the financial support of the Russian Foundation for basic research in the framework of research project No. 18-29-23051.
Модельные оценки квантовой емкости аморфных и эпитаксиальных графеноподобных соединений
Authors: Давыдов С.Ю.
Published: November 2020

In the scope of simple models analytical estimates of quantum capacitance for the infinite sheet, nanoribbon and chain of the 2D analogs of the compounds, having hexagonal structures (graphene-like compounds) are fulfilled. Non-monotonic dependence of on the electrostatic potential is demonstrated. Obtained results are compared with the calculations of the other authors.
Учет подложки при расчете электрического сопротивления микродисковых лазеров
Authors: Жуков А.Е. , Крыжановская Н.В. , Моисеев Э.И. , Надточий А.М. , Максимов М.В. , Драгунова А.С.
Published: November 2020

Analytical expressions are presented and used to analyze the components of the electrical resistance of injection microdisk lasers depending on the size of the microdisk resonator, the parameters of the substrate, and the geometry of the contact to it.
Learning Impact of a Virtual Brain Electrical Activity Simulator Among Neurophysiology Students: Mixed-Methods Intervention Study
Authors: Björn Marko Henrik , Laurila Jonne MM , Ravyse Werner , Kukkonen Jari , Leivo Sanna , Mäkitalo Kati , Keinonen Tuula
Published: November 2020

Background

Virtual simulation is the re-creation of reality depicted on a computer screen. It offers the possibility to exercise motor and psychomotor skills. In biomedical and medical education, there is an attempt to find new ways to support students’ learning in neurophysiology. Traditionally, recording electroencephalography (EEG) has been learned through practical hands-on exercises. To date, virtual simulations of EEG measurements have not been used.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the development of students’ theoretical knowledge and practical skills in the EEG measurement when using a virtual EEG simulator in biomedical laboratory science in the context of a neurophysiology course.

Methods

A computer-based EEG simulator was created. The simulator allowed virtual electrode placement and EEG graph interpretation. The usefulness of the simulator for learning EEG measurement was tested with 35 participants randomly divided into three equal groups. Group 1 (experimental group 1) used the simulator with fuzzy feedback, group 2 (experimental group 2) used the simulator with exact feedback, and group 3 (control group) did not use a simulator. The study comprised pre- and posttests on theoretical knowledge and practical hands-on evaluation of EEG electrode placement.

Results

The Wilcoxon signed-rank test indicated that the two groups that utilized a computer-based electrode placement simulator showed significant improvement in both theoretical knowledge (Z=1.79, P=.074) and observed practical skills compared with the group that studied without a simulator.

Conclusions

Learning electrode placement using a simulator enhances students’ ability to place electrodes and, in combination with practical hands-on training, increases their understanding of EEG measurement.
Factors Related to the Behavior of People Who Have Never Used the Internet for Voluntary Reasons: Cross-Sectional Survey Study
Authors: Park Keeho
Published: November 2020

Background

If there are people who do not want to use the internet despite having the circumstances and conditions for using it, another policy consideration will be needed.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to explore the factors related to the behavior of people who do not voluntarily use the internet.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2018. It used a proportional quota random sampling design to select a representative sample of Koreans. Accordingly, 6150 participants were included in the study. Multiple logistic regression methods were used to explore the predicting factors of the act of voluntarily not using the internet.

Results

Age, education level, bonding and bridging social capitals, and daily life satisfaction for health status were found to be factors related to the behavior of not voluntarily using the internet. However, gender, household income, occupation, family size, and community type were not related to voluntary nonuse of the internet.

Conclusions

It was found that sociodemographic factors, such as age and education level, which are difficult to modify, along with psychosocial factors located deeper than the visible living conditions, such as social capital and life satisfaction, are involved in voluntary internet nonuse. These results also suggest that it is not desirable to proceed with policies related to information and communications technology on a separate track, but rather that they should be comprehensively approached with other social policies that design various social interventions in order to enhance equity within the society.
Influence of Self-Compassion on the Health of Midwives and Nurses: Protocol for a Scoping Review
Authors: Javanmard Mitra , Steen Mary , Vernon Rachael
Published: November 2020

Background

Self-compassion is recognized to have a positive effect upon a person’s health. However, the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses is less well understood. Midwives and nurses often work in highly demanding environments and situations, and are exposed to multiple work-based stressors simultaneously. Stressors such as a demanding clinical workload, high acuity, missing breaks, working more than their contracted hours, insufficient resources and staff, and poor patient outcomes can lead to midwives and nurses feeling physically exhausted and at increased risk of poor mental health. Self-compassion may act as a protective factor, assisting midwives and nurses to remain healthy.

Objective

This scoping review will provide an overview of the evidence base relating to the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses.

Methods

The purpose of a scoping review is to comprehensively and systematically review the literature and identify key evidence or gaps. The search strategy for this protocol includes electronic databases such as Medline, Embase, Emcare, PsycInfo, Joanna Briggs Institute, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Grey literature sources will be also searched, including ProQuest Central, internet search engines (Google Scholar), and manually searched key journals and reference lists of relevant articles. This scoping review will be undertaken in seven stages, guided by established scoping review methods and reporting guidelines: (1) identifying the research questions; (2) identifying relevant studies; (3) selecting the studies; (4) charting the data; (5) collating, summarizing, and reporting the results; (6) consulting; and (7) dissemination of knowledge. Data will be abstracted and presented using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist and explanation by three independent researchers.

Results

A preliminary search conducted in Medline (OVID) retrieved 194 results. Completion of the review is expected in December 2020 and will be published in early 2021.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this will be the first scoping review of evidence-based literature relating to the influence of self-compassion on the health of midwives and nurses. It is anticipated that this analysis of the literature will contribute to understanding how midwives and nurses may use self-compassion in a proactive way to reduce work-based stressors such as burnout, stress, and compassion fatigue. Furthermore, the findings may inform educational needs with implications for clinical practice.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/21917
Identifying Targets for Substance Use Prevention in Young People Exposed to Childhood Adversity: Protocol for a Systematic Review
Authors: Grummitt Lucinda Rachel , Kelly Erin Veronica , Barrett Emma Louise , Keyes Katherine M , Newton Nicola Clare
Published: November 2020

Background

Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent robust risk factors for the development of substance use problems. However, less is known about the causal mechanisms that explain these relationships. While directly preventing adverse childhood experiences is ideal, it is not always possible. In such cases, the mechanisms themselves may be amenable to intervention, allowing for the effective prevention of problematic substance use among children exposed to adversity. Identifying such mechanisms is therefore a critical step for efforts aiming to reduce the high individual and societal burdens associated with substance use globally.

Objective

This study aims to systematically identify and synthesize evidence on the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people (age 10-24 years).

Methods

A systematic review will be conducted using PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL databases to determine the modifiable mediators and moderators of the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and substance use in young people. Data from the review will be qualitatively synthesized, unless we identify a sufficient number of studies (at least five) that examine the same type of adversity (eg, physical or sexual abuse) and the same mediator/moderator, in which case a quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis) will be conducted. If a quantitative synthesis is warranted, standardized effect estimates of the indirect (mediated) effect between adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes will be combined using a random-effects meta-analysis. Mediators/moderators will be grouped according to a socioecological perspective, using the four levels of individual, interpersonal, community, and public policy/culture.

Results

Electronic searches were completed in August 2019. A total of 4004 studies were included for screening after removing duplicates. After evaluating titles and abstracts against eligibility criteria, a further 3590 studies were excluded, leaving 415 studies for full-text screening. The results of the review are expected to be available by December 2020.

Conclusions

The mechanisms linking adverse childhood experiences and substance use outcomes in young people are vital targets for substance use prevention efforts. This review will provide evidence to inform the development of prevention strategies in order to interrupt the negative life trajectory that can begin with childhood adversity.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020148773; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020148773

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/22368
COVID-19 Misinformation Prophylaxis: Protocol for a Randomized Trial of a Brief Informational Intervention
Authors: Agley Jon , Xiao Yunyu , Thompson Esi E , Golzarri-Arroyo Lilian
Published: November 2020

Background

As the COVID-19 pandemic continues to affect life in the United States, the important role of nonpharmaceutical preventive behaviors (such as wearing a face mask) in reducing the risk of infection has become clear. During the pandemic, researchers have observed the rapid proliferation of misinformed or inconsistent narratives about COVID-19. There is growing evidence that such misinformed narratives are associated with various forms of undesirable behavior (eg, burning down cell towers). Furthermore, individuals’ adherence to recommended COVID-19 preventive guidelines has been inconsistent, and such mandates have engendered opposition and controversy. Recent research suggests the possibility that trust in science and scientists may be an important thread to weave throughout these seemingly disparate components of the modern public health landscape. Thus, this paper describes the protocol for a randomized trial of a brief, digital intervention designed to increase trust in science.

Objective

The objective of this study is to examine whether exposure to a curated infographic can increase trust in science, reduce the believability of misinformed narratives, and increase the likelihood to engage in preventive behaviors.

Methods

This is a randomized, placebo-controlled, superiority trial comprising 2 parallel groups. A sample of 1000 adults aged ≥18 years who are representative of the population of the United States by gender, race and ethnicity, and age will be randomly assigned (via a 1:1 allocation) to an intervention or a placebo-control arm. The intervention will be a digital infographic with content based on principles of trust in science, developed by a health communications expert. The intervention will then be both pretested and pilot-tested to determine its viability. Study outcomes will include trust in science, a COVID-19 narrative belief latent profile membership, and the likelihood to engage in preventive behaviors, which will be controlled by 8 theoretically selected covariates.

Results

This study was funded in August 2020, approved by the Indiana University Institutional Review Board on September 15, 2020, and prospectively registered with ClinicalTrials.gov.

Conclusions

COVID-19 misinformation prophylaxis is crucial. This proposed experiment investigates the impact of a brief yet actionable intervention that can be easily disseminated to increase individuals’ trust in science, with the intention of affecting misinformation believability and, consequently, preventive behavioral intentions.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04557241; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04557241

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/24383
Prove di galleggiamento: il dialetto in "Libera nos a malo" di Luigi Meneghello
Authors: Zampese Luciano
Published: November 2020

Il rilievo del dialetto nella scrittura di Luigi Meneghello è apparso assolutamente centrale fi n dalle prime recensioni alla sua opera d’esordio, Libera nos a malo del 1963; gli studi successivi – quelli di Giulio Lepschy rimangono un punto di riferimento per molti versi insuperabile – hanno via via approfondito l’analisi. È così possibile off rire una panoramica che, pur sintetica, delinei la complessità delle manifestazioni e delle funzioni del dialetto nel complesso impasto linguistico dell’autore e nella specifi cità delle singole opere: qui ci si soffermerà in particolare, oltre alla funzione di verità di una scrittura «dall’interno» del mondo narrato, sui diversi livelli di emersione e vitalità del dialetto. Per quanto riguarda Libera nos, vi è poi un’occasione specifi ca che invita alla ripresa del tema: si tratta dei materiali inediti che cominciano ad affi orare tra le carte meneghelliane dell’Archivio Scrittori Vicentini del Novecento della Biblioteca Bertoliana di Vicenza; tra queste appaiono interessanti le lettere a Giorgio Bassani e alla casa editrice Feltrinelli, precedenti la pubblicazione di Libera nos.
Dictionnaires et régimes de réputation autour de 1750
Authors: Chappey Jean-Luc
Published: November 2020

Le dictionnaire historique est un genre littéraire à part entière, inauguré par le Grand dictionnaire historique de Louis Moréri, paru pour la première fois en 1674. Largement marqué par les origines religieuses de son auteur, le dictionnaire s’émancipe pourtant, au fi l de ses rééditions successives, de sa composante biblique, pour off rir une place de plus en plus importante aux hommes de mérite, et notamment aux Hommes de lettres. Bientôt concurrencé par des projets parallèles – ceux de Bayle au xviie et de Ladvocat au xviiie entre autres – le dictionnaire s’impose progressivement comme un lieu de publication d’une réputation qui dépend du jugement de l’auteur, devenant ainsi un espace de critique littéraire. Pour des raisons historiques, tout autant que sociales ou pratiques, le dictionnaire historique n’échappe pourtant pas au champ des querelles religieuses : à la guerre entre philosophes et clergé s’ajoute alors également la question du conflit entre jansénistes et jésuites.
Ce que William Ritter n’a pas appris à Le Corbusier Xavier
Authors: Galmiche Xavier
Published: November 2020

William Ritter fut un touche-à-tout, parfois un dilettante. Souvent laissée en plan, la production de ce graphomane voyageur et critique péremptoire compose un kaléidoscope oublié sur lequel il vaut la peine de coller son oeil : car il imposa, avec une franchise qui allait parfois jusqu’à l’ingénuité, certaines dissonances dans la culture helvétique et en général francophone de la « fin de siècle ». On s’arrête ici sur celles qui le lancèrent vers des horizons méconnus, des pays des Balkans puis de l’Europe centrale, et le poussèrent à les évoquer d’une plume singulière qui lui permit de cultiver ses différences, entre autres son amour des garçons. Il s’inscrit donc trois fois dans la culture 1900 : dans l’histoire des rapports interculturels, du style, mais aussi de l’éveil de la question des « genres » et de la culture homosexuelle.

Keywords: écrivain voyageur, « fin de siècle », Balkans, Europe centrale, homosexualité
Gustav Mahler, le dieu rittérien. William Ritter mélomane
Authors: Conus Céline
Published: November 2020

Gustav Mahler représente sans aucun doute un cas particulier dans la vie et la carrière de critique d’art de William Ritter, contemporain du compositeur autrichien, et qui voit en ce dernier l’avènement d’une nouvelle ère musicale. La conversion de Ritter à la musique de Mahler marque le début d’une extraordinaire passion que le Suisse exposera dans de nombreux écrits de diverse nature (articles, critiques, analyses, correspondance, journal) : autant de sources grâce auxquelles il nous est permis de revivre, presque au jour le jour, la naissance d’une oeuvre et l’avènement d’un compositeur qui compte désormais parmi les plus importants de l’histoire de la musique occidentale, acteur incontournable de la transition entre le XIXe siècle romantique et le xxe siècle moderne.

Keywords: Gustav Mahler, William Ritter, symphonie, réception, critique d’art
L’insegnamento della letteratura italiana nei licei della Svizzera tedesca
Authors: Alloatti Sara
Published: November 2020

Gli approcci seguiti nell’insegnamento della letteratura italiana nei licei della Svizzera tedesca si riflettono nell’eterogeneità delle proposte didattiche dei manuali prodotti sul territorio e degli scenari e dossier condivisi sulla piattaforma collaborativa italianoascuola.ch. In alcuni, si può notare una tendenza a un approccio ermeneutico che ben si concilia con la scelta prevalente di trattare approfonditamente poche letture integrali, ma non restano isolati canoni orientati a criteri storico-biografici e perlomeno parziali trattazioni di testi in forma antologica. Anche se mancano dati rappresentativi sulle tipologie di testi letti e di attività didattiche svolte, sono diverse le fonti attraverso le quali è possibile rilevare perlomeno una selezione dei testi più letti.

Keywords: letteratura di lingua italiana, insegnamento dell’italiano LS, manualistica, reti tra insegnanti, piattaforma partecipativa
Cuando la ultraderecha cita a Machado. Los agujeros en la memoria democrática y el papel de la literatura
Authors: Rosa Isaac
Published: November 2020

En esta contribución, se habla de literatura –de la manera en la que la literatura ha representado el pasado– y de política –en concreto, de los efectos de las deficiencias de la democracia española que hoy está en grave crisis–. Se hace desde el presente más inmediato (febrero de 2019), y por supuesto partiendo de Machado. A partir de algunas anécdotas, se muestra cómo este uso se hace desde la ignorancia más que desde la provocación, y sin encontrar siempre el rechazo de la ciudadanía que no sabe demasiado de la vida y muerte del poeta. Esa imagen, la ultraderecha usando a Machado, refleja bien el momento actual y sirve de hilo rojo a la presente reflexión.

Keywords: Antonio Machado, literatura, política, ultraderecha, memoria democrática, democracia.
La lengua española y las culturas hispánicas
Authors: González Aurelio
Published: November 2020

Por número de hablantes nativos, el español es la segunda lengua del mundo. Es también la segunda lengua estudiada por número de alumnos. Y en aquellos lugares donde no es la lengua predominante, es una lengua prestigiada, con importancia en la expresión de una identidad y que trasmite valores culturales, económicos e ideológicos de amplio reconocimiento. En esta contribución se vuelve sobre algunos usos y valores asociados de la lengua española y las culturas hispánicas viendo en ellas elementos que unifican y construyen en el respeto de las diferencias una comunidad transnacional y panhispánica. La lengua, la cultura, la forma de pensar y actuar de los hombres y mujeres del mundo hispánico son el campo de ejercicio del pensamiento.

Keywords: español, lengua materna, lengua extranjera, plurilingüísmo, panhispanismo, identidades.