bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Market mindset reduces endorsement of individualizing moral foundations, but not in liberals
Authors: Zaleskiewicz Tomasz , Gasiorowska Agata , Kuzminska Anna
Published: December 2022

People with a market mindset attend to ratios and rates, and allocate rewards adequately to costs but are less sensitive to feelings. In this project, we demonstrate that activating a market mindset also affects people’s acceptance of free-market principles and their endorsement of individualizing moral dimensions—care/harm and fairness/cheating. Experiment 1 documented that a market mindset positively impacted people’s endorsement of fair market ideology. Experiments 2 and 3 showed that the salience of such a market mindset hampered the importance of individualizing moral dimensions. Importantly, we found that political orientation moderated the negative effect of a market mindset on the endorsement of individualizing moral foundations—this effect held for participants who declared moderate and conservative political orientations, but not for liberals.
A biografia-monumento do Marechal Rondon: as representações de um herói nacional/regional entre as tramas da memória e ensino de História
Authors: Dourado Nileide , Ribeiro Renilson Rosa
Published: December 2022

Este artigo procura abordar a presença do Marechal Cândido Rondon, como personagem símbolo da integração nacional, “pai das comunicações” – representando o Brasil moderno que se desejava instituir e ensinar nos bancos escolares. A pesquisa também busca compreender como se dá a fabricação, primeiramente, do herói da narrativa histórica para, em seguida, pensar a sua própria condição de agente – em suas diferentes facetas e elaborações. E, por último, demonstrar os lugares de memória, a história escrita e ensinada sobre o Marechal Rondon.
Análise das ementas das disciplinas de Ergonomia nos cursos de Design no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Tiago André da , Reis Alexandre Amorim dos
Published: December 2022

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise das atribuições das áreas da ergonomia nas ementas das disciplinas dos cursos de Design no Brasil. Por pesquisa documental foram reunidos currículos de instituições que iniciaram suas atividades nos 25 primeiros anos de ensino superior em design, resultando em uma amostra de 16 cursos precursores. Esses currículos foram analisados em relação às atribuições das principais áreas da Ergonomia, tratadas em revisão bibliográfica. Foram analisados por estatística descritiva com o auxílio de gráficos e quadros visuais para obter um diagnóstico atual do ensino da Ergonomia no Design. Os resultados mostram que os cursos se concentram em atribuições pontuais das ergonomias Física e da Cognitiva e se esvaecem em atribuições estruturais, procedimentais e políticas da Ergonomia Organizacional.
Eksegese som kontaktsport: Det Gamle Testamente i 2020’erne
Authors: Gudme Anne Katrine de Hemmer
Published: December 2022

This article makes an assessment of Hebrew Bible studies in the current decade of the 2020s. It points to four defining areas for Hebrew Bible research in the coming years. These four areas are the body, climate and ecology, the non-Western world, and the ever-increasing fluidity of the boundaries of the field.
Employee Training and Development and Competency-Based Approach: Any Relationship?
Authors: Fejfarová Martina , Fejfar Jiří
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the relationship between the use of employee training and development and the competency-based approach. The objective of this article is to evaluate the use of the competency-based approach in employee training and development in organisations in the Czech Republic based on long-term research (n = 1,360) since the year 2013. The results showed that the competency-based approach in the management of organisations is utilized by only 21.8% of the organisations. An important finding is that 93.2% of organisations using the competency-based approach support employee training and development. The results confirmed that there is the relationship between the use of the competency-based approach and training and development in the organisation (p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.178) and also between the use of the competency-based approach and evaluation of training and development efficiency in the organisation (p < 0.001, Cramer’s V = 0.299).
Sarcoidosis in Johannesburg, South Africa: A retrospective study
Authors: Morar R , Feldman C
Published: December 2022

Background. Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous condition of uncertain aetiology that most frequently affects the lungs. Because of clinical and radiological similarities with tuberculosis, particularly in high-prevalence regions, sarcoidosis is frequently misdiagnosed as TB.Objective. To review the clinical features of sarcoidosis patients in an SApopulation, adding clinical information to the relatively few studies that have been conducted in SA patients with sarcoidosis.

Methods. This was a retrospective study of 102 sarcoidosis patients conducted between 2002 and 2006 at the Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital.Results. Of 102 sarcoidosis patients, there were 69 (67.6%) females and 33 (32.4%) males. The majority (85.3%) were non-smokers. The mean age of the group was 44.6 years. One-third of patients had chronic comorbid diseases. Almost 17% had been treated initially for TB, prior to being diagnosed as having sarcoidosis. Two patients developed active TB while receiving corticosteroid treatment for sarcoidosis. The salient clinical manifestations were dry cough (the most common presenting symptom in 82.4%), dyspnoea in 53.9%, cutaneous lesions other than erythema nodosum in 33.3%, and on lung examination crackles were noted in 37.3% of patients. Raised angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) levels were found in 56.8% of patients. The majority (48%) of patients had stage II chest radiographic changes. Cutaneous (28.4%), mediastinal lymph node (25.5%) and transbronchial lung (25.5%) biopsies were the most frequent sites confirming granulomatous inflammation. Overall, 21.2% of patients had obstructive airway disease. Systemic corticosteroids were indicated in 87.3% of patients and the relapse rate was 60.7%.

Conclusion. Sarcoidosis is often initially misdiagnosed as TB in SA. The most common biopsy sites for histological confirmation were the skin and mediastinal lymphnodes, and transbronchial lung biopsies were also frequently taken. Stage II chest radiographic changes were most common. Overall, systemic corticosteroids were administered in 87.3% of cases and the relapse rate was 60.7%.
Association between physical fitness and anthropometric, cardiovascular and socioeconomic risk factors in primary schoolchildren in KwaZulu‑Natal Province, South Africa
Authors: Olagbegi O M , Khosa S B , Nadasan T , Govender P
Published: December 2022

Background. Physical fitness (PF) status in children has been identified as a predictor of chronic disease risk factors, and has also been linked to various non-communicable diseases and an increased risk of premature death in adulthood. Studies have shown that PF has been declining. In South Africa (SA), a similar trend is noted and attributed to urbanisation and shifts from traditional active practices to sedentary lifestyles. 

Objectives. To examine possible associations between PF levels and socioeconomic status (SES) and anthropometric and cardiovascular risk factors among 407 primary schoolchildren aged 6 - 13 years in KwaZulu-Natal Province, SA. 

Methods. In a cross-sectional study, children’s PF scores were assessed using the Eurofit test battery: sit and reach, standing long jump (SLJ), sit-ups (SUs), 5 m shuttle run (5m-SRT) and cricket ball throw (CBT). SES was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Standardised procedures were used for anthropometric and cardiovascular measures. 

Results. Girls weighed significantly more than boys (p=0.001) and had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) (p<0.001), waist circumference (WC) (p<0.001) and hip circumference (HC) (p<0.001), while boys performed significantly better in SLJ (p=0.030), SUs (p=0.022), CBT (p<0.001) and 5m-SRT (p<0.001). A significant low negative correlation was found between PF and BMI (r=–0.151; p=0.002), WC (r=–0.107; p=0.031) and HC (r=0.123; p=0.013). Multinomial logistic regression analysis identified BMI as the main predictor of low PF (odds ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval 1.01 - 1.33) in this cohort of primary schoolchildren. The occurrence of low PF status in children of primary school age may be influenced by gender and adiposity. 

Conclusion. Assessment of PF at policy levels as part of the health screening process may help create a more explicit depiction of the health status of children and assist in early identification of risk factors.
La nascita e lo sviluppo del nesso tryphé-decadenza nella storiografia ellenistica
Authors: De Martinis Livia
Published: December 2022

In the 4th century BC Greek historiography abandons the monographic genre to propose a general interpretation of history: a possible interpretative key is that of tryphé, excessive luxury that corrupts and leads to an unstoppable decadence cities, peoples and states. The first theoretical elaboration of the tryphé-decadence nexus occurs in the historiographical work of Ephorus of Cyme and Timaeus of Tauromenium. In later Greek historiography, however, the concept of tryphé remains in most cases connected to a moral judgment, without becoming a true criterion of historical interpretation. And if in this sense it has been too often interpreted by the moderns, this is probably due to the influence on them exerted by the Roman historiography. In it the equivalent of tryphé can be considered the luxuria, understood as corrupting luxury, which since the 2nd century BC would lead to a progressive weakening of Rome and that in the historiographic production sees an insistent connection between the social ethics, precisely corrupt, and the political decadence.
Le Periochae liviane (e le altre): per la definizione di un ‘genere’
Authors: Ricchieri Tommaso
Published: December 2022

Livy’s Periochae have always been studied to assess their dependence from Livy and their contribution to our knowledge of his lost books. This article approaches them as a self-standing text and compares them to other summaries of ancient texts which go under the same name (e.g. periochae to Terence, Homer and Lucan). It is suggested that Livy’s Periochae should be viewed not only as one of the many epitomes of Livy which spread in Late antiquity, but also as representative of a literary ‘genre’ to which other late antique summaries of major classical works belong.
Aristoteles und die Kunst des Verschweigens. Die aristotelische Darstellung von demokratischer Bürgerrechtsverleihung, Areopag und nomothesia im Licht externer Quellen
Authors: Dietze-Mager Gertrud
Published: December 2022

The article discusses the discrepancy between Aristotle’s representation of the Athenian politeia and the information contained in external sources. First we examine his statement that the demagogues manipulate the size and structure of the citizen body by admitting persons of doubtful background in order to broaden their power base. The external sources show no such practice in Athens in the 5th nor in the 4th century: they prove that the three mass citizenship grants in Athenian history were not due to demagogic manipulation but to situations of need, and that on top citizenship criteria became increasingly strict. Next his picture of the 4th century Areopagus as an institution stripped of political and constitutional powers is critically assessed against external sources which show that Aristotle’s description does not match the facts. The article finally tries to clarify why Aristotle chose to never mention the Athenian nomothesia in his writings. It concludes that not only the way in which he presents information about the Athenian state, but also, and more importantly, his decision to exclude information from his narrative are influenced by his conservative views and seem to be guided by his wish to paint a dark picture of the contemporary Athenian politeia.
A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century
Authors: Staiger Robert W.
Published: December 2022

When designing a world trading system for the twenty-first century, “Keep calm and carry on” beats “Move fast and break things.”

Global trade is in trouble. Climate change, digital trade, offshoring, the rise of emerging markets led by China: Can the World Trade Organization (WTO), built for trade in the twentieth century, meet the challenges of the twenty-first? The answer is yes, Robert Staiger tells us, arguing that adapting the WTO to the changed economic environment would serve the world better than a radical reset.

Governed by the WTO, on the principles of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), global trade rules traditionally focus on “shallow integration”—with an emphasis on reducing tariffs and trade impediments at the border—rather than “deep integration,” or direct negotiations over behind-the-border measures. Staiger charts the economic environment that gave rise to the former approach, explains when and why it worked, and surveys the changing landscape for global trade. In his analysis, the terms-of-trade theory of trade agreements provides a compelling framework for understanding the success of GATT in the twentieth century. And according to this understanding, Staiger concludes, the logic of GATT's design transcends many, if not all, of the current challenges faced by the WTO.

With its penetrating view of the evolving global economic environment, A World Trading System for the Twenty-First Century shows us a global trading system in need of reform, and Staiger makes a persuasive case for using the architecture of the GATT/WTO as a basis for that reform.
The effect of conventional and sustainable agricultural management practices on carbon and water fluxes in a Mexican semi-arid region
Authors: Guillen-Cruz Gabriela , Torres-Arreola Roberto , Sanchez-Mejia Zulia , Flores-Renteria Dulce
Published: December 2022

Background

Agriculture is essential for food security. However, conventional agriculture alters the water and carbon cycle and soil properties. We investigated the effect of conventional management (CM) and sustainable management (SM) on the carbon and water cycle in crops of nopal (Np) and wheat (Wh).

Methods

A micrometeorological eddy covariance tower was installed to measure water use through evapotranspiration (ET) and the net exchange of CO2 during the crop’s development. Gross primary productivity (GPP), water use efficiency (WUE), and soil properties were obtained.

Results

The results showed that both agricultural managements influenced the carbon flux of the ecosystem, with a lower GPP and Reco in the nopal field (1.85 and 0.99 mmol C m−2 s−1, respectively), compared to the wheat field (6.34 and 1.8 mmol C m−2 s−1, respectively). It was mainly attributed to the metabolic plant differences, phenological stages, and wheat biomass developed during the winter. On the other hand, the accumulated ET in the SM-Wh plots was lower than SM-Np. Therefore, the crops subjected to sustainable practices use water more efficiently with 1.42 and 1.03 g C m−3 H2O for nopal and wheat, respectively. In regard to soil properties, it was observed that tillage alters microbial activity affecting organic matter and carbon. It can be concluded that the differences in agricultural management for both crops altered the carbon and water cycle and soil quality. In addition, implementing good agricultural practices allows more efficient use of water by the plant, higher retention of water in the soil, and less ET.
Effects of calcium on cell wall metabolism enzymes and expression of related genes associated with peel creasing inCitrusfruits
Authors: Huai Bin , Wu Yunli , Liang Chunhui , Tu Panfeng , Mei Tingting , Guan Anquan , Yao Qing , Li Juan , Chen Jiezhong
Published: December 2022

Fruit peel creasing is a serious pre-harvest physiological disorder in citrus, influencing fruit quality, storage, and yield. Four- and eight-year-old ‘Hongjiang’ oranges grafted onto Canton lemon rootstocks were treated with calcium and calcium inhibitors, respectively, to study the effects of different treatments on fruit creasing rate, mechanical properties of the peel, cell wall metabolism enzyme activities, and the expression of related genes. Foliar application of 0.5% calcium nitrate significantly reduced the fruit creasing rate, while treatment with EGTA and LaCl3, inhibitors of calcium uptake, increased the fruit creasing rate; But the effect of calcium nitrate treatment on changing the mechanical properties of pericarp and inhibiting the activity of hydrolase (PG, Cx and PE) was not very significant. Furthermore, it was observed that the expression levels of genes (PG,Cx, andPE) encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes were significantly lower in the normal fruit peel than in the creased fruit peel. Meanwhile, the expression levels ofPG,Cx, andPEwere higher in the peel of shaded fruit than in the peel of exposed fruit. During the high incidence period of fruit creasing, calcium nitrate treatment down-regulated the expression ofPG,Cx, andPE, while EGTA treatment up-regulated the expression of these genes. In conclusion, foliar spraying of calcium nitrate at the fruit rapid enlargement stage can increase the Ca content in the peel of ‘Hongjiang’ orange and significantly suppress the expression of cell wall degrading enzymes genes (PG,PEandCx) in ‘Hongjiang’ orange peel during the high occurrence period of fruit creasing, resulting in reducing the occurrence of fruit creasing and cracking.
Reproduction of sand termites and local genetic patterns
Authors:   University of Hamburg, Gunter Felicitas , Oldeland Jens , Henschel Joh R. , Picker Mike D. , Jürgens Norbert
Published: December 2022

Fairy circles are created, used and maintained by sand termites of the species complex Psammotermes allocerus. We used Amplified Fragment Length Analyses (AFLP) for a study of the genetic diversity pattern of termites from clusters of neighboring fairy circles. Our results suggest that all termites found within one fairy circle genetically are members of one colony. The neighboring colonies are genetically differing from each other. This observation supports the hypothesis that colonies are founded by reproductive alates flying in from further away and not by budding from a near-by colony.
Evidence for Psammotermes allocerus termite nests as refugium for plant pathogenic microbes: a contribution to generation and maintenance of fairy circles in the Namib Desert
Authors:   Leibniz Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Yurkov Andrey , Pascual Javier , Sikorski Johannes , Geppert Alicia , Gunter Felicitas , Huber Katharina J. , Jürgens Norbert , Overmann Jörg
Published: December 2022

Fairy circles are circular, barren structures in dry grasslands and the mechanisms generating and maintaining them are currently under intense discussion. Here, we analysed bacterial and fungal communities in Namib Desert fairy circle soils, in the tapetum lining of termite nests, the gut of the prevailing sand termite Psammotermes allocerus, and also in the neighbouring grass plants. The total and active microbial communities were analysed through amplicon sequencing of both DNA and RNA extracts, respectively, species-specific PCRs, and through cultivation of bacteria and fungi from the various samples. In the sandy soils, the active bacterial communities were substantially different from the total communities, which suggested the fairy circle soils to be highly selective environments in comparison to other drylands or even temperate soils. This appears to be even more true for fungi as amplification of fungal genes from RNA extracts was not possible. However, we observed a large diversity among cultured fungal species in comparison to cultured bacterial species, specifically in tapetum samples. Our results support the hypothesis that Psammotermes allocerus acts as a vector for plant pathogenic fungi and that their nests below the bare patches of fairy circles provide a refugium for the fungal plant pathogens.
Macrotermes natalensis termite colonies in seasonally flooded savannas
Authors:   University of Hamburg, Jürgens Norbert , Sichone Priscilla , Revermann Rasmus , Gunter Felicitas , Oldeland Jens
Published: December 2022

In seasonally inundated landscapes of southern central Africa very large termite mounds of Macrotermes natalensis offer a refuge for flood-intolerant trees during the flood season. In the matrix landscape surrounding these islands the seasonally waterlogged and then anaerobic soil conditions and the browsing by megaherbivores during the dry season allow for grass and herbaceous vegetation only. During the rainy season each termitarium forms an isolated island which due to its relative dryness allows survival of the trees and the associated fauna. During the dry season the termites try to establish new colonies with new mounds. However, the successful formation of new termitaria islands seems to be a rare event. In this case study from Dundumwezi in the Kafue National Park, Zambia, we provide a description of the termitaria islands and their vegetation. Furthermore, we analyse spatial patterns of termite mound islands in the surroundings of Kafue National Park und Bangweulu Plains / Kasanka National Park based on remote sensing imagery. Our results confirm that competition among colonies of large termitaria in homogeneous habitats causes very regular spatial patterns.
Evaluating the Organizational Cultural Competence of a Clinical Psychology Training Clinic: Findings and Implications for Training Sites
Authors: Young Marta Y. , Chan K. Jacky , Vandette Marie-Pier , Cherner Rebecca , Hatchard Taylor , Shah Dhrasti , Kogan Cary S.
Published: December 2022

Canadians from diverse ethnocultural backgrounds have specific mental health needs. Cultural competence in mental health care enhances client satisfaction and improves outcomes for individuals from minority groups. Few studies examine cultural competence at the organizational level. This program evaluation examined organizational cultural competence of a university-based psychology clinic. Surveys were completed by internal stakeholders and clients. Results suggest a high level of commitment to cultural competence among internal stakeholders. Clients reportedly felt welcomed and that their cultural needs were met. Challenges related to cultural competency training, educational opportunities, policies, and procedures will be discussed. Recommendations have implications for psychology clinics.
The Experience of Service Users with Session-Limited Psychosocial Interventions
Authors: Montiel Corentin , Lauzier-Jobin François , Radziszewski Stephanie , Bordeleau Julie , Beaudin Annie , Roberge Pasquale , Provencher Martin D. , Hudon Catherine , Provencher Hélène , Houle Janie
Published: December 2022

This brief report focuses on the experience of service users in the context of a new public institutional framework limiting the number of psychosocial intervention sessions offered per person. Qualitative data of nine group discussions composed of 12 past service users and 12 professionals working in local community health centres were analyzed with content analysis. The study revealed that service users expressed mostly negative emotions and views attributed to session limits. This brief report suggests that rigid session-limited psychosocial interventions are perceived negatively and could have adverse consequences on recovery in vulnerable individuals.
Heavy Metal Assessment in Domestic Water Sources of Sikuda and Western Division Located in Busia District, Uganda
Authors: Pule Stellah , Barakagira Alex
Published: December 2022

Human beings especially in developing countries depend on different water sources for domestic purposes. Water sources found near agricultural areas and mining activities, may end up contaminated and hence not suitable for human consumption. This study aimed at determination of the economic activities carried out near the water sources of Busia district; investigation of the presence and concentration of selected heavy metals in the water sources; and investigation of the likely health effects brought about by the consumption of water polluted with heavy metals to the population in Busia district. Water samples from twenty-nine point water sources were collected during wet and dry seasons, and analyzed for the presence of some selected heavy metals using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP – OES). Information concerning health issues of the respondents were collected using the questionnaires. The concentrations (mg/l) as expressed in terms of mean ± standard deviation in domestic water sources including streams, ponds, protected springs, shallow wells and boreholes were within the acceptable range for copper, lead and mercury while arsenic values were above the acceptable limits according to WHO and EAC standard limits. Abdominal pains and diarrhea were the most reported common diseases that affected the population who consumed water polluted with heavy metals. The study recommended that Government officials especially from the Ministry of Health should carry out awareness about safe water uptake to avoid diseases that result from consuming contaminated water. In addition, there should be constant monitoring about the concentration levels of heavy metals in domestic water sources in order to avoid or scale down the spread of diseases due to consumption of water contaminated with heavy metals. The residents should be encouraged to use water from tap and shallow wells for domestic purposes since they contain small traces of heavy metals as compared to other water sources.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 11 February 1895.
Meeting notes
Authors: - -
Published: December 2022

Meeting notes for 8 April 1895.
Utilização de Inteligência Artificial para Análise e Dimensionamento de Estruturas em Concreto Armado: uma prospecção tecnológica
Authors: Discher Marcos Gottschalg , Santos Givanildo de Jesus , Teles Eduardo Oliveira
Published: December 2022

A Inteligência Artificial (IA) é uma tecnologia que faz uso de máquinas que aprendem com a experiência e possuem a capacidade de executar tarefas complexas como o dimensionamento de estruturas de concreto armado. O aumento na complexibilidade das estruturas utilizadas nas construções traz a necessidade de desenvolvimento e de implantação de novas tecnologias na construção civil. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é realizar uma prospecção científica e tecnológica sobre a utilização de IA na análise e no dimensionamento de estruturas em concreto armado. Este trabalho apresenta uma abordagem quali-quantitativa, de natureza exploratória, por meio de pesquisas científicas nas bases da Capes e Web of Science, e patentárias nas bases do INPI e do Orbit. Apesar de o uso de TICs na construção civil ser tímido, a prospecção apontou um crescimento relevante da utilização da IA na construção civil no mundo, no entanto, no Brasil, a utilização dessa tecnologia ainda é muito incipiente.
Associations of Greenness, Parks, and Blue Space With Neurodegenerative Disease Hospitalizations Among Older US Adults
Authors: Klompmaker Jochem O. , Laden Francine , Browning Matthew H. E. M. , Dominici Francesca , Jimenez Marcia P. , Ogletree S. Scott , Rigolon Alessandro , Zanobetti Antonella , Hart Jaime E. , James Peter
Published: December 2022

Importance

Exposure to natural environments has been associated with health outcomes related to neurological diseases. However, the few studies that have examined associations of natural environments with neurological diseases report mixed findings.

Objective

To evaluate associations of natural environments with hospital admissions for Alzheimer disease and related dementias (ADRD) and Parkinson disease (PD) among older adults in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This open cohort study included fee-for-service Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years or older who lived in the contiguous US from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2016. Beneficiaries entered the cohort on January 1, 2000, or January 1 of the year after enrollment. Data from US Medicare enrollment and Medicare Provider Analysis and Review files, which contain information about individual-level covariates and all hospital admissions for Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries, were analyzed between January 2021 and September 2022.

Exposures

Differences in IQRs for zip code–level greenness (normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI]), percentage park cover, and percentage blue space cover (surface water; ≥1.0% vs <1.0%).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcome was first hospitalizations with a primary or secondary discharge diagnosis of ADRD or PD. To examine associations of exposures to natural environments with ADRD and PD hospitalization, we used Cox-equivalent Poisson models.

Results

We included 61 662 472 and 61 673 367 Medicare beneficiaries in the ADRD and PD cohorts, respectively. For both cohorts, 55.2% of beneficiaries were women. Most beneficiaries in both cohorts were White (84.4%), were not eligible for Medicaid (87.6%), and were aged 65 to 74 years (76.6%) at study entry. We observed 7 737 609 and 1 168 940 first ADRD and PD hospitalizations, respectively. After adjustment for potential individual- and area-level confounders (eg, Medicaid eligibility and zip code–level median household income), NDVI was negatively associated with ADRD hospitalization (hazard ratio [HR], 0.95 [95% CI, 0.94-0.96], per IQR increase). We found no evidence of an association of percentage park and blue space cover with ADRD hospitalization. In contrast, NDVI (HR, 0.94 [95% CI, 0.93-0.95], per IQR increase), percentage park cover (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.97-0.98], per IQR increase), and blue space cover (HR, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.96-0.98], ≥1.0% vs <1.0%) were associated with a decrease in PD hospitalizations. Patterns of effect modification by demographics differed between exposures.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cohort study suggest that some natural environments are associated with a decreased risk of ADRD and PD hospitalization.
Feeder cells treated with ethanol can be used to maintain self‐renewal and pluripotency of human pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Ren Yahui , Zhang Sijin , Liang Yun , Gong Zichao , Cui Yongyi , Song Wei
Published: December 2022

Feeder cells play an important role in the culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) in vitro. Previously, we used methanol as a fixative to prepare feeder cells for the cultivation of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and this method could maintain the self‐renewal and pluripotency of PSCs. However, methanol is toxic, and so here we examined whether ethanol could be used to prepare feeder cells as a fixative for hPSC culturing. Primed, naïve, and extended human embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells can maintain self‐renewal and undifferentiated potential on feeder cells treated with ethanol for an extended period. RNA sequencing analysis showed that the expression of collagen‐related genes in hPSCs cultured on feeder cells treated with ethanol was significantly lower as compared with hPSCs cultured on feeder cells treated with mitomycin C. Therefore, we speculate that the signaling pathway mediated by collagen‐related genes may, at least in part, contribute to the maintenance of self‐renewal and pluripotency of PSCs induced by feeder cells treated with chemicals.
Best practices teaching adult English as a second language in the virtual classroom
Authors: Chung HeeJae
Published: December 2022

Learning a language is a lifelong process and requires motivation, patience, a great deal of effort to continuously observe, reflect, and apply the acquired knowledge and skills in practice. Building on an experiential learning approach to support lifelong learning offers a wide range of ways in which instructors can create and deliver engaging English as a second language learning in the virtual learning environment. Therefore, this article presents best practices for engaging beginner and intermediate English as a second language learners when teaching in the virtual classroom. These include: (1) providing clear visual and verbal overview, (2) utilizing multi‐media teaching materials, (3) implementing collaborative quizzes, (4) promoting learning reflections, and (5) reinforcing instructor presence and feedback.
Older English learners’ challenges and accommodations that instructors can provide for learning success
Authors: Weintraub Lynne
Published: December 2022

Older adults bring considerable experience and knowledge to the table, and many are already proficient in several languages, they just need to add English to their repertoire. The article describes different challenges that older English learners face and provides examples and ideas for accommodations that ESL instructors can provide to support older learners’ participation and success in the classroom. It also presents best practices teaching this group of learners.
Clinical Characterization of Juvenile Fibromyalgia in a Multicenter Cohort of Adolescents Enrolled in a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Lynch‐Jordan Anne M. , Connelly Mark , Guite Jessica W. , King Christopher , Goldstein‐Leever Alana , Logan Deirdre E. , Nelson Sarah , Stinson Jennifer N. , Ting Tracy V. , Wakefield Emily O. , Williams Amy E. , Williams Sara E. , Kashikar‐Zuck Susmita ,   for the Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens Clinical Trial Study Group and the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Pain Workgroup Investigators
Published: December 2022

Objective

Juvenile fibromyalgia (JFM) is a complex chronic pain condition that remains poorly understood. The study aimed to expand the clinical characterization of JFM in a large representative sample of adolescents with JFM and identify psychological factors that predict pain interference.

Methods

Participants were 203 adolescents (ages 12–17 years) who completed baseline assessments for the multisite Fibromyalgia Integrative Training for Teens (FIT Teens) randomized control trial. Participants completed the Pain and Symptom Assessment Tool, which includes a Widespread Pain Index (WPI; 0–18 pain locations) and Symptom Severity checklist of associated somatic symptoms (SS; 0–12) based on the 2010 American College of Rheumatology criteria for fibromyalgia. Participants also completed self‐report measures of pain intensity, functional impairment, and psychological functioning.

Results

Participants endorsed a median of 11 painful body sites (WPI score) and had a median SS score of 9. Fatigue and nonrestorative sleep were prominent features and rated as moderate to severe by 85% of participants. Additionally, neurologic, autonomic, gastroenterologic, and psychological symptoms were frequently endorsed. The WPI score was significantly correlated with pain intensity and catastrophizing, while SS scores were associated with pain intensity and all domains of physical and psychological functioning. Depressive symptoms, fatigue, and pain catastrophizing predicted severity of pain impairment.

Conclusion

JFM is characterized by chronic widespread pain with fatigue, nonrestorative sleep, and other somatic symptoms. However, how diffusely pain is distributed appears less important to clinical outcomes and impairment than other somatic and psychological factors, highlighting the need for a broader approach to the assessment and treatment of JFM.
Digital Twin of a Hierarchical CO2 Electrolyzer Gas Diffusion Electrode
Authors: McLaughlin David , Bierling Markus , Mayerhöfer Britta , Schmid Günter , Thiele Simon
Published: December 2022

The electrochemical reduction of CO2 provides a pathway to a sustainable carbon cycle, allowing for the production of hydrocarbons critical for both chemical industry and mobility. Major engineering challenges need to be met in order to achieve efficient and large‐scale CO2 electrolysis. One central challenge is to find the optimum structure for the gas diffusion electrode at the heart of the electrolyzer. An optimum structure will achieve higher conversion efficiencies, lifetime, and product selectivity at lower cost. Critical structural properties of the electrode span the scale from nanometers to millimeters. To rationalize the optimization process, it behooves us to obtain a fully resolved multi‐scale model of the electrode. This digital twin, produced by bridging scale and employing multiple imaging methods, enables the digital study, simulation, and modification of the structure of the electrode. The model is used to simulate the transport processes vital to the functioning of the electrode thus further advancing the digital twin. Subsequently, it is explored how changes to the structure affect the predicted transport properties. The digital twin presented is only supposed to be the kernel and will be complemented by numerous future works.
Dual Angular Tunability of 2D Ge/ZnSe Notch Filters: Analysis, Experiments, Physics
Authors: Ko Yeong Hwan , Lee Kyu Jin , Simlan Fairooz Abdullah , Gupta Neelam , Magnusson Robert
Published: December 2022

2D resonant gratings enable dual angular tunability by controlling the plane of incidence (POI) under linear polarization. If the POI is set to be perpendicular to the electric field vector (s‐polarization or transverse electric (TE) polarization), an excited TE mode provides spectral tuning. The orthogonally propagating transverse magnetic (TM) mode is robust in angle. Conversely, if the POI is set for p‐polarization, an excited TM mode provides the tuning. Detailed explanations of the underlying physical processes are set forth by decomposing the 2D lattice into equivalent 1D gratings using second‐order effective‐medium theory. This is shown to work extremely well even for a strongly modulated lattice with refractive‐index contrast of 3. With proper design and corresponding experiments, a widely tunable notch filter covering long‐wave infrared bands is demonstrated. Experimentally varying the incidence angle up to 16° under p‐polarization, a notch channel in TM mode tunes across a band exceeding 0.5 µm with the TE channel remaining at a constant wavelength. The interesting appearance of a resonance channel originating in diagonally propagating leaky modes is briefly examined. The analysis and experiments presented can be useful for realizing diverse 2D tunable filters while furnishing methodology for detailed understanding of the attendant near fields and mode structure.
An Organic–Inorganic Tin Halide Perovskite with Over 2000‐Hour Emission Stability
Authors: Chen Qian , Zhang Mingming , Dai Fangxu , Zhao Lili , Liu Shuyang , Zhao Huimin , Zhou Hong , Teng Lihua , Xu Weigao , Wang Lei , Xing Jun
Published: December 2022

Organic–inorganic tin (Sn)‐based halide perovskites have attracted special attention due to their outstanding photophysical properties and eco‐friendly nature. However, the instability of Sn‐based perovskites is still a pressing issue that needs to be addressed. Here, a new lead‐free hybrid Sn(IV) bromide hybrid (4‐APEA)2SnBr6 (4‐APEA: 2‐(4‐aminophenyl)ethylammonium) is synthesized with remarkable stability. This compound has strong electron–phonon coupling, resulting in excitons self‐trapping and broadband yellow emission with a photoluminescence peak at 566 nm. The bare (4‐APEA)2SnBr6 shows impressive emission stability in the air; maintains 90% of photoluminescence quantum yield under ultraviolet light irradiation over 2000 h (T90 > 2000 h), representing the most stable halide hybrids. The excellent stability is profit from the stable valence state and few defect state densities. The findings show the promising prospect of environment‐friendly organic–inorganic halide perovskites and their usage in optoelectronic applications.
Ultrathin, Breathable, Permeable, and Skin‐Adhesive Charge Storage Electronic Tattoos Based on Biopolymer Nanofibers and Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Joshi Shalik Ram , Pratap Ajay , Gogurla Narendar , Kim Sunghwan
Published: December 2022

Ultrathin, breathable, and skin‐compatible epidermal electronics are attractive for wearable and implantable healthcare and biomedical applications. However, materializing and integrating all electronic components on ultrathin platforms is still challenging. Here, a charge‐storing electronic tattoo (E‐tattoo) device with ultrathin, breathable, and skin‐compatible properties is reported. Silk protein nanofibers (SNFs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) form the top and bottom electrodes that sandwich the intermediate dielectric layer fabricated using poly(vinyl alcohol) nanofibers. The E‐tattoo capacitors on the deformed skin, show excellent mechanical and electrical stability, and 60 µm‐thick capacitors exhibit frequency‐dependent capacitances (up to 350 pF at 5 kHz) and capability for memory operation. Mechanical bending induces capacitance change, which increases as the bending radius is decreased, indicating mechanical sensing capability of the E‐tattoo. SNF/CNT‐based triboelectric nanogenerator E‐tattoos can be connected to the capacitor E‐tattoo, and the charges generated by multiple bare‐finger touches can be stored in the capacitor (0.23 V for 200 touches). Due to the micro/nanopores in the NF networks, the device exhibits a water vapor transmission rate of 115.04 g m−2 d−1, which is better than that of a commercial band‐aid, as well as ethanol sensing capability. Developed E‐tattoo capacitor can be used for constructing multicomponent integrated ultrathin and epidermal electronics.
“Not just a checkbox”: A qualitative study of the resident scholarly experience
Authors: Jordan Jaime , Berger Max , Curato Mark , Ilgen Jonathan S. , Hopson Laura R. , Clarke Samuel O. , Chipman Anne K. , Janicki Adam , Gottlieb Michael
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Scholarship is a requirement of residency training; however, the scholarly productivity of trainees is highly variable. The purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of residents who have been highly productive in scholarship.

Methods

We performed a qualitative study using a constructivist–interpretivist paradigm and conducted semistructured interviews at seven Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education–accredited emergency medicine residency programs in the United States. We included sites of diverse locations and training formats (PGY‐1 to ‐4 vs. PGY‐1 to ‐3). Program leadership identified residents with high levels of scholarly productivity at their institutions. We used purposive sampling to seek out residents with diversity in gender and PGY level. Two researchers independently performed a thematic analysis of interview transcripts. Discrepancies were resolved through in‐depth discussion and negotiated consensus.

Results

We invited 14 residents and all consented to be interviewed. Residents felt scholarship enhanced their knowledge and skills, grew collaborative networks, and provided personal fulfillment and external rewards. Scholarship positively impacted their careers by focusing their professional interests and informing career decisions. Participants identified individual and institutional facilitators of success including personal prior knowledge and skills, project management skills, mindset, protected time, mentorship, and leadership support. Challenges to conducting scholarship included lack of time, expertise, and resources. Participants acknowledged that participating in scholarly activities was hard work and recommended that residents seek out quality mentorship, work on projects that they are passionate, start early, and be persistent in their efforts. Participants' advice to faculty supporting resident scholarship included recommendations to allow resident autonomy of projects, provide scholarly opportunities, and be responsive to trainee needs.

Conclusions

Participants in this study highlighted benefits of participating in scholarly activity as well as challenges and strategies for success. These results can inform residencies seeking to enhance the scholarly experience of trainees.
See one, see one, teach one – Decisions on allocating intubation opportunities in pediatric emergency medicine
Authors: Miller Kelsey A. , Dechnik Andzelika , Miller Andrew F. , D'Ambrosi Gabrielle , Monuteaux Michael C. , Thomas Phillip M. , Kerrey Benjamin T. , Neubrand Tara Lynn , Goldman Michael Paul , Prieto Monica M. , Wing Robyn , Breuer Ryan K. , D'Mello Jenn , Jakubowicz Andy , Nishisaki Akira , Nagler Joshua
Published: December 2022

Background

Decisions about who should perform tracheal intubation in academic settings must balance the needs of trainees to develop competency in pediatric intubation with patient safety. Airway protocols during the COVID‐19 pandemic may have reduced opportunities for trainees, representing an opportunity to examine the impact of shifting laryngoscopy responsibilities away from trainees.

Methods

This observational study combined data from 11 pediatric emergency departments in North America participating in either the National Emergency Airway Registry for Children (NEAR4KIDS) or a national pediatric emergency medicine airway education collaborative. Sites provided information on airway protocols, patient and procedural characteristics, and clinical outcomes. For the pre‐pandemic (January 2017 to March 2020) and pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021) periods, we compared tracheal intubation opportunities by laryngoscopist level of training and specialty. We also compared first‐attempt success and adverse airway outcomes between the two periods.

Results

There were 1129 intubations performed pre‐pandemic and 283 during the pandemic. Ten of 11 sites reported a COVID‐19 airway protocol—8 specified which clinician performs tracheal intubation and 10 advocated for videolaryngoscopy. Both pediatric residents and pediatric emergency medicine fellows performed proportionally fewer tracheal intubation attempts during the pandemic: 1.1% of all first attempts versus 6.4% pre‐pandemic for residents (p < 0.01) and 38.4% versus 47.2% pre‐pandemic for fellows (p = 0.01). Pediatric emergency medicine fellows had greater decrease in monthly intubation opportunities for patients <1 year (incidence rate ratio = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.2, 0.57) than for older patients (incidence rate ratio = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.99). Neither the rate of first‐attempt success nor adverse airway outcomes differed between pre‐pandemic and pandemic periods.

Conclusions

The COVID‐19 pandemic led to pediatric institutional changes in airway management protocols and resulted in decreased intubation opportunities for pediatric residents and pediatric emergency medicine fellows, without apparent change in clinical outcomes.
A dual‐functional BODIPY‐based molecular rotor probe reveals different viscosity of protein aggregates in live cells
Authors: Shen Baoxing , Jung Kwan Ho , Ye Songtao , Hoelzel Conner A. , Wolstenholme Charles H. , Huang He , Liu Yu , Zhang Xin
Published: December 2022

Aberrant protein aggregation leads to various human diseases, but little is known about the physical chemical properties of these aggregated proteins in cells. Herein, we developed a boron‐dipyrromethene (BODIPY)‐based HaloTag probe, whose conjugation to HaloTag‐fused proteins allows us to study protein aggregates using both fluorescence intensity and lifetime. Modulation of BODIPY fluorophore reveals key structural features to attain the dual function. The optimized probe exhibits increased fluorescence intensity and elongated fluorescence lifetime in protein aggregates. Fluorescence lifetime imaging using this probe indicates that protein aggregates afford different viscosity in the forms of soluble oligomers and insoluble aggregates in live cells. The strategy presented in this work can be extended to enable a wide class of HaloTag probes that can be used to study a variety of physical properties of protein aggregates, thus helping unravel the pathogenic mechanism and develop therapeutic strategy.