bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting Desires in Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun
Authors: Hultquist Aleksondra
Published: February 2016

Aphra Behn’s The History of the Nun; or the Fair Vow Breaker (1689) was the originary text of at least five more versions throughout the eighteenth century. This lurid tale of broken vows, excessive desire and shocking violence encodes within it a sharp critique of patriarchal ideology. By examining the subsequent versions through their “adaptive events—textual moments created by adaptors to explain the protagonists motivations—it becomes clear that subsequent texts try, in various ways, to simplify, clarify, extenuate, pathologize or in some way explain and contain Behn’s plot, even as they cannot help but replicate the sharp critique of patriarchy which the original tale encodes.
Staging Early Modern Women
Authors: Combe Kirk
Published: February 2016

A review of Peggy Thompson’s Coyness and Crime in Restoration Comedy: Women’s Desire, Deception, and Agency (Bucknell University Press, 2012) and Brett Wilson’s A Race of Female Patriots: Women and Public Spirit on the British Stage, 1688–1745 (Bucknell University Press, 2012).
Dreadful Acts of Liberty
Authors: Carretta Vincent
Published: February 2016

A review of Marcus Rediker’s The Amistad Rebellion: An Atlantic Odyssey of Slavery and Freedom, a detailed account of the successful insurrection aboard a slave ship in 1839, the subsequent trials, and the eventual repatriation to Sierra Leone of the insurrectionists in 1842.
Gender and Narrative Crisis in Christoph Martin Wieland’s “Novella without a Title”
Authors: Allingham Liesl
Published: February 2016

In “Novella without a Title,” Christoph Martin Wieland positions himself outside of the eighteenth-century debates on “the women question.” Written in 1805, when the two-sexed model of gender complementarity allegedly was firmly in place, Wieland’s cross-dressing and passing protagonist defies easy categorization. The novella presents a model of gender and sexual ambiguity that is echoed and reinforced by an analogous narrative crisis presented through the framing narrative. Thus it offers a more complicated vision of sexual and gender identity around 1800 than either historical gendered binaries, or contemporary theorists, such as Butler, Garber, and Halberstam can explain.
Historical Factors, Discrimination and Oral Health among Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Steffens Margie , Jamieson Lisa , Kapellas Kostas
Published: February 2016

Discrimination is a very real facet of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander (ATSI) life. Paradies has detailed the strong links between racism and chronic stress and the influence this may have on general health, confounding the pre-supposed notion that ATSI populations are more genetically predisposed to chronic diseases. For example a genetic predisposition promoting central adipose storage in populations with recent (in evolutionary terms) changes to hunter-gatherer dietary patterns is thought to contribute to the higher rates of diabetes seen in ATSI and other Native populations. This relationship, however, is far from causal in any straight-forward way. In support of the work by Paradies, research from the U.S. also shows that racism, both explicit and subtle, contributes to chronic disease and suffering among ethnic minorities. While the exploration of the perceived or self-reported racial discrimination is recent, this concept has increasing evidence to support its relationship to poor health outcomes.
Tikanga Māori (Māori Customary Practices) in Oral Health Research
Authors: Broughton John R , Lawrence Herenia P , Jamieson Lisa
Published: February 2016

Early childhood caries is a global health issue for Indigenous populations. The study, “Reducing disease burden and health inequalities arising from chronic dental disease among Indigenous children: an early childhood caries intervention,” is being conducted in Australia, Canada, and Aotearoa/New Zealand. Objective . To conduct the research in New Zealand using a kaupapa Māori (Māori philosophy) approach. Methods . This is a mixed-method study incorporating quantitative and qualitative data whilst acknowledging Māori cultural practices by the utilization of Te Whare Tapa Whā , a model for Māori health and well-being. Results . This paper describes the application of the four dimensions of this model, (spiritual, mental, physical and family dimensions) within the research activity. Conclusion . Health research projects that are undertaken with Indigenous populations must ensure that the research process embraces Indigenous cultural practices. In Aotearoa/New Zealand Māori leadership over the research process ensures meaningful and beneficial outcomes for the Māori Indigenous population.
Developing a Sustainable Model of Oral Health Care for Disadvantaged Aboriginal People Living in Rural and Remote Communities in NSW, Using Collective Impact Methodology
Authors: Gwynne Kylie , Irving Michelle J , McCowen Debbie , Rambaldini Boe , Skinner John , Naoum Steve , Blinkhorn Anthony
Published: February 2016

A sustainable model of oral health care for disadvantaged Aboriginal people living in rural and remote communities in New South Wales was developed using collective impact methodology. Collective impact is a structured process which draws together organizations to develop a shared agenda and design solutions which are jointly resourced, measured and reported upon.
Oral Health Impact among Rural-dwelling Indigenous Adults in South Australia
Authors: Parker Eleanor J , Mills Helen , Spencer A. John , Mejia Gloria C , Roberts-Thomson Kaye F , Jamieson Lisa M
Published: February 2016

Aims . The aim of this study was to describe the impact of oral health conditions among a convenience sample of Indigenous Australian adults and compare findings with nationally representative data. Methods . Data were obtained from the Indigenous Oral Health Literacy Project (IOHLP) based in South Australia. Nationally representative data were obtained from the National Survey of Adult Oral Health (NSAOH). The impact of oral disease was measured using the shortened form of the oral health impact profile, OHIP-14. All data were standardised by age group and sex utilising Census data. Results . For each OHIP-14 measure the impact was greater for IOHLP participants. There was considerable variation in the degree of difference between IOHLP and NSAOH participants for individual OHIP-14 items. Conclusion . High levels of effects of oral health conditions were reported by rural-dwelling Indigenous adults. This may exacerbate the health and social disadvantage experienced by this marginalised group.
Changes in Area-level Socioeconomic Status and Oral Health of Indigenous Australian Children
Authors: Ha Diep H , Do Loc G , Luzzi Liana , Mejia Gloria C , Jamieson Lisa
Published: February 2016

Objective . Dental diseases have shown to be influenced by area-level socioeconomic status. This study aims to assess the effects of change in area-level SES on the oral health of Australian Indigenous children. Methods . Data were collected from a national surveillance survey for children’s dental health at two points of time (2000–2002/2007–2010). The study examines caries experienced by area-level SES and whether changes in area-level SES (stable-high, upwardly-mobile, downwardly-mobile and stable low) affects caries experience. Results . Dental caries in both the deciduous and permanent dentition increased significantly among Indigenous children during the study period. In stable low-SES areas, the experience of decayed, missing and overall dmft/DMFT in both dentitions was highest compared with other groups at both Time 1(2.15 vs 1.61, 1.77, 1.87 and 0.86 vs 0.55, 0.67, 0.70 respectively) and Time 2 (3.23 vs 2.08, 2.17, 2.02 and 1.49 vs 1.18, 1.21 respectively). Conclusion . A change in area-level SES was associated with experience of dental disease among Indigenous Australian children.
Quality Improvement: Indigenous Influence in Oral Health Policy, Process, and Practice
Authors: Makowharemahihi Charrissa , Wall Justin , Keay Greg , Britton Cheryl , McGibbon Minnie , LeGeyt Patrick , Maipi Joyce , Signal Virginia
Published: February 2016

A Quality Improvement Group for Māori oral health providers [Indigenous New Zealand oral health services] has been an effective and necessary mechanism for engaging Indigenous oral health expertise in decision-making for Indigenous oral health policy and sector developments to reduce oral health inequalities and improve Indigenous oral health outcomes.
Fidelity of Motivational Interviewing in an Early Childhood Caries Intervention Involving Indigenous Australian Mothers
Authors: Jamieson Lisa , Bradshaw Julia , Lawrence Herenia , Broughton John , Venner Kamilla
Published: February 2016

Objectives . This paper assessed the fidelity of an early childhood caries MI intervention among Aboriginal mothers in South Australia. Methods . Four MI-trained staff delivered the intervention and all interviews were recorded. A randomly selected subset (n = 164, 41.2%) were tested for MI fidelity using the Motivational Interviewing Treatment Integrity (MITI) code 3.1.1. A further randomly selected 20 taped sessions were additionally scored by an external expert to assess external reliability. Results . Mean scores for evocation, collaboration, autonomy/support, direction and empathy ranged from 3.5 (95% CI 3.4–3.7) to 4.1 (95% CI 4.0–4.2). The mean global score was 3.8 (95% 3.7–3.9). The Reflection:Question ratio was 0.9 (95% CI 0.8–1.0), % Open-ended Questions was 54.9 (95% CI 50.0–59.8), % Complex Reflections was 54.0 (95% CI 50.5–57.5) and % MI-adherent statements was 95.0 (95% CI 92.0–98.0). Inter-assessor reliability was high. Conclusions . Beginner to expert competency in fidelity to the MI model was observed.
Factors Associated with Routine Dental Attendance among Aboriginal Australians
Authors: Amarasena Najith , Kapellas Kostas , Skilton Michael R , Maple-Brown Louise J , Brown Alex , Bartold Mark , O’Dea Kerin , Celermajer David , Jamieson Lisa M
Published: February 2016

Objectives . To determine factors associated with routine dental attendance in Aboriginal Australians. Methods . Data of 271 Aboriginal adults residing in Australia’s Northern Territory were used. Routine dental attendance was defined as last visiting a dentist less than one year ago or visiting a dentist for a check-up. Both bivariate and multivariable analytical techniques were used. Results . While 27% visited a dentist in the past year, 29% of these visited for a check-up. In bivariate analysis, being female, low psychological distress, and low clinical attachment loss (CAL) were associated with visiting a dentist within last year. Being aged younger than 39 years, male, no oral health impairment, being caries-free, low CAL, and low apolipoprotein B were associated with visiting for a check-up. Clinical attachment loss remained associated with visiting a dentist less than one year ago while being younger than 39 years and having no oral health impairment remained associated with usually visiting for a check-up in multivariable analysis. Conclusions . Younger age, no oral health impairment, and low CAL were associated with routine dental attendance among Indigenous Australians.
American Indian and Alaska Native Access to Oral Health Care: A Potential Solution
Authors: Batliner Terrence S
Published: February 2016

American Indians and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) experience significant health disparities relative to the general U.S. population. In particular, oral diseases affect the majority of the AI/AN population and their prevalence is significantly greater than observed in other demographic sectors of the U.S. population. The reasons for these disparities are multiple but lack of access to dental care is clearly a contributing factor. The dentist-to-population ratio in many AI/AN communities is less than half the U.S. average. A solution has been developed in Alaska by AI/AN leaders: dental therapists, i.e., local people trained for two years to provide basic dental services. This solution is being fought by organized dentistry that sees the approach as an economic threat, but AI/AN organizations are committed to implementing this Native solution to their access problem. The Alaska experience indicates that access to oral health services can be improved through the addition of dental therapists to the dental team.
Factors Relating to Access to Dental Care for Indigenous South Australians
Authors: Jones Kelly , Keeler Ngara , Morris Chris , Brennan David , Roberts-Thompson Kaye , Jamieson Lisa
Published: February 2016

Objective . To explore and document self-reported factors contributing to Indigenous Australians’ attendance and non-attendance at South Australian public dental clinics. Methods . Semi-structured interviews were conducted with people (18 males and 26 females) referred for oral care through the Aboriginal Liaison Program of the South Australian Dental Service. Thematic analysis was performed on 44 transcribed conversations and a conceptual model developed. Results . Persons completing all recommended treatment reported high self-efficacy, health literacy, social cohesion and previous use of dental services and presence of a health advocate. Those completing some recommended treatment reported achieving desired oral health outcome of relief of pain or system-level barriers to completion. Those reporting accessing no dental treatment in contrast reported varied and complex barriers to dental care. Conclusion and implications . Differences in both individual and health service-related factors were evident. Individual-level factors related to health literacy, self-efficacy, and social control. Service factors related to availability of an advocate, service delivery, and culture. Practical service-level changes may alleviate the effects of individual-level factors.
Service Use and Perceived Need among an Aboriginal Population in Western Australia
Authors: Arrow Peter
Published: February 2016

Limited information is available about dental service use, perceived need and perceived oral health status among Aboriginal populations in Western Australia. This study collected information from a convenience sample of people attending the opening ceremony of the 2014 National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee celebrations in Perth, Western Australia. Methods . People who visited the Dental Health Services display stall at the event completed a questionnaire on dental service use, perceived need and self-rated oral health domains. Results . Participants provided 145 usable questionnaires; 75% of the sample identified themselves as Aboriginal/Torres Strait Islander of whom 45% had a dental visit less than 12 months ago; 33% had a check-up visit and 25% rated their oral health as fair or poor. Conclusions . More Aboriginal respondents reported lower frequency of service use and asymptomatic visiting compared with non-Aboriginal respondents.
What the Holy See Saw—and Didn’t See
Authors: Harlow Barbara
Published: February 2016

“What the Holy See Saw – and Didn’t See” reflects on and historically contextualizes selected images from the virtual exhibition mounted by the nascent Palestinian Museum on the occasion of Pope Francis’s 2014 visit to the Holy Land with particular reference to photography in Palestine and current debates over Palestinian cultural politics.
Writing the History of Development (Part 1: The First Wave)
Authors: Hodge Joseph Morgan
Published: February 2016

The rise of neoliberalism and the end of the Cold War ushered in a prolonged crisis of “development” as applied to the peoples of Africa, Asia and Latin America. Faced with an impasse, historians and other social scientists set out on a novel journey to examine development as history . They proposed using history as the methodology for understanding development, rather than constructing development theories to explain history and model the future. In this first of a two-part article, some of the most important contributions to the “first wave” of writing the history of development are examined. Poststructuralist analysts were the first to lay out a genealogical framework, but they were soon followed by scholars in the field of U.S. diplomatic history who initiated a parallel investigation of the history of modernization. Much of the scholarship produced in the 1990s centered on the importance of discourse, particularly high policy statements, theories, and ideologies. The concern with discourse shaped the new field in crucial ways: researchers fixed their attention on conceptual or intellectual frameworks, and perceived development from a Western and elitist perspective. Consequently, development’s totalizing claims and undifferentiated impact were accepted largely at face value. The limitations of this type of approach had become manifest by the end of the decade.
Conscience in the Datasphere
Authors: Humphreys Stephen
Published: February 2016

Much of the anxiety concerning “privacy” in contemporary conditions of data immersion—which I here characterize as “life in the datasphere” —may be better understood by reference to the neglected notion of conscience. This article undertakes an historical inquiry into this rich concept to reframe the debate on privacy, law and technology. To simplify, “conscience” has historically articulated an impulse either to hide from an omniscient moral authority (“bad conscience”) or to act righteously according to informed reason (“good conscience”). Originating as a powerful premodern governing principle combining personal with public morality—notably in the medieval notion of synderesis —the personal and political content of conscience were each effectively critiqued by, respectively (in the examples I investigate here), Freud and Hobbes. The concept itself became ultimately marginal to public life. In this article I suggest that conscience in both guises returns forcefully under conditions of data ubiquity, pointing to broader shift in political settlements.
From Commoditizing to Commodifying Human Rights: Research on Forced Labor in Dominican Sugar Production
Authors: Martínez Samuel
Published: February 2016

Related by distinct, commoditization happens when human rights is distributed in forms that mimic commodity merchandising, while commodification occurs when human rights information becomes a commodity, subject to intellectual property restrictions. I recount a story of the transition from commoditization to commodification, in which an allegation of contemporary slavery in Dominican Republic sugar production attains greater visibility and verisimilitude through what Bolter and Grusin term “remediation,” the repeated transfer of a message from one activist communications medium to another. The allegation moves from independent video, to journalistic coverage, to inclusion in a U.S. government-produced global human rights index, and is then outsourced by the government for further fact-finding, “offshored” for investigation, and the knowledge thus produced ultimately repatriated for processing by the contractor. Distortions and inequities follow, reminiscent of those produced by global supply chains, including the alienation of the Dominican field investigators from control of the knowledge they produced.
Reassessing Responses to the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions: New Evidence from the Tennessee and Georgia Resolutions and from Other States
Authors: Bird Wendell
Published: February 2016

The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions of 1798, which headed the Republican attack on the Alien and Sedition Acts, are almost always described as being “rebuffed by all the other states” so that “none of the other fourteen state legislatures followed” in “declaring the Alien and Sedition Acts unconstitutional.” That is puzzling, since Madison’s and Jefferson’s resolutions are also generally regarded as the opening shots of the election of 1800, in which by contrast the Republicans were far from rebuffed or rejected. That conventional description, besides being puzzling, is false. This article revisits the legislative journals, manuscript evidence, and period newspapers for each of the other states, and concludes that only half the sixteen states opposed the resolutions, while fully half of the sixteen states either supported or did not oppose the resolutions. It finds that Virginia and Kentucky received the support they requested through overlooked Tennessee and Georgia Resolutions (which called for repeal of the Alien and Sedition Acts), and that legislatures divided in two states, while legislatures chose not to oppose the resolutions in the remaining two states. These findings, based on original research, challenge the conventional view of the abject failure of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, and of their rejection by the other states. There are many broader implications of an accurate view of the reception of the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which challenge conventional views about constitutional theories of James Madison and Thomas Jefferson in the Resolutions, about their expansive view of freedoms of press and speech being newly formulated, and about the Republican interest being undeveloped and far from a coordinated political party.
A “Voice of Benevolence from the Western Wilderness”: The Politics of Native Philanthropy in the Trans-Mississippi West
Authors: Shrout Anelise Hanson
Published: February 2016

In 1847, Cherokee and Choctaws in Indian Territory raised over $800 to help victims of famine in Ireland. Their donations were part of one of the earliest instances of transnational disaster philanthropy, and Cherokees and Choctaws were extremely unlikely donors. Just over a decade earlier they had forced off of their lands in the American southeast and marched west along the “Trail of Tears.” These events cost much in both property and lives. In the aftermath of this trauma, American Indians found the resources – both monetary and emotional – to give to a suffering population an ocean away. While many American commentators considered these contributions as evidence of the success of missions to “civilize the Indian,” this article argues that these philanthropic acts should be read neither as acts of acculturative generosity nor as unconnected and unique charitable outbursts. Rather, I see them as engagements with American political culture, as ways to comment on missionaries’ projects and to engage with American Indian policy. These donations were products of intersecting loyalties, sympathies and animosities that grew out of parallels between Indians’ experiences at the hands of the American government, and Irish experiences at the hands of the British government. The Cherokee and Choctaw donations exemplified a new set of meanings that came to be ascribed to philanthropy in the nineteenth century. This article positions Native philanthropy as part of a constellation of familiar, but nonetheless deeply political practices that those excluded from formal politics were able to deploy in nineteenth-century America.
Trick or Constitutional Treaty?: The Jay Treaty and the Quarrel over the Diplomatic Separation of Powers
Authors: Demmer Amanda C.
Published: February 2016

Scholars have long recognized the Jay Treaty as a definitive, divisive moment in early American political culture. As the first treaty the U.S. negotiated with a European power under the Constitution, this moment also marked the first public debate over many of the Constitution’s foreign policy provisions. To a greater extent than has been traditionally acknowledged, the Jay Treaty debate was a controversy about which branch(es) of government would dominate American foreign policy. This essay examines that debate, with a focus on Republican criticisms levied during the summer of 1795. While Republicans disapproved of the Jay Treaty for many reasons, they immediately and consistently charged the treaty was unconstitutional. The sum and spirit of their critique rested on the premise that the treaty violated the separation of powers. More specifically, Republicans maintained that President George Washington and the Senate had usurped their constitutional authority by exercising powers that were reserved to the legislature, or the Senate and House of Representatives in Article I Section 8 of the Constitution. The fight over the Jay Treaty quickly became about much more than the specific terms of the Jay Treaty or treaty-making in general; because the nation’s foreign and domestic affairs were intertwined, the Republican experiment itself seemed at risk. The debate over the Jay Treaty demonstrates the difficulty of putting abstract constitutional principles like the separation of powers into practice and reminds us that many precedents that would later be taken as givens remained undefined in the 1790s.
The Meaning of Neurosis According to Adler
Authors: Abramson Zivit
Published: February 2016

This article aims to provide a clear, structured schema of the components of an “Adlerian neurosis.” In Adler’s concept, a neurotic person retreats from performing life tasks to avoid loss of self-esteem due to what the individual interprets as failure. This threat is based on a dialectic combination of inferiority feelings and striving for superiority. Retreating from performing life tasks can happen only with a poorly developed social interest, which, in turn, is usually connected with having been a pampered child. To maintain the illusion of the potential for high achievement, avoid inferiority feelings, and protect themselves from the guilt of not acting according to social interest, neurotics create excuses or symptoms. When all these factors exist, Adler considered the person neurotic .
Teachers as Leaders: The Impact of Adler-Dreikurs Classroom Management Techniques on Students’ Perceptions of the Classroom Environment and on Academic Achievement
Authors: Soheili Fariba , Alizadeh Hamid , Murphy Jason M. , Bajestani Hossein Salimi , Ferguson Eva Dreikurs
Published: February 2016

In response to growing interest in universal school-based interventions, we taught Adlerian-Dreikursian classroom management techniques to teachers and investigated how these techniques impacted both the students’ perception of the classroom environment and the students’ grades. A quasi-experimental design with pretest and posttest control groups was employed. The sample consisted of 30 Iranian elementary school female teachers and 745 students (407 girls, 338 boys) aged 7 to 12 years. The 30 teachers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The teachers in the experimental group received Adlerian-Dreikursian classroom management training in 10 two-hour sessions. Students were assessed using the My Classroom Scale (Burnett, 2002). Analyses revealed that students’ perceptions of “satisfaction with the classroom environment” and “relationships with teacher,” as well as their academic achievements, were enhanced in the experimental group for all grade levels. We show that Adlerian-Dreikursian classroom methods can improve classroom effectiveness by increasing students’ satisfaction and academic achievement.
The Expansion of Ideal Subjecthood in Chosŏn Korea: Remembering the Monk Yujŏng
Authors: Park Saeyoung
Published: February 2016

This article emerges from an attempt to better understand the social instantiation of political norms in the Chosŏn period, or how state–society negotiations over ideal subjecthood engendered the early modern Korean polis. Following debates over subjecthood in post–Imjin War memorialization—over who could constitute a loyal subject—reveals how Chosŏn people imagined their duties to the state, and how the government conceived of its obligations to its people. Contestations over socially marginal and unexpected war heroes—like Buddhist monks—were ultimately arguments over political normativity and where the borders of the polis should fall. Analyzing the commemoration of the Buddhist monk Yujŏng, this study argues that Imjin War memorialization fueled a pluralistic, albeit limited, expansion of ideal subjecthood while reproducing state legitimacy. Such a sociopolitical liberalization in the late Chosŏn period undermines a deterministic view of premodern state power as a unilateral, top-down process.
The Transmission and Translation of Chinese Vernacular Narrative in Chosŏn Korea: Han’gŭl Translations and Gentry Women’s Literature
Authors: Pastreich Emanuel Yi
Published: February 2016

During the Chosŏn period (1392–1897), especially in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, gentry women created their own literary world independent of men wherein they wrote and read novels and diaries in han’gŭl as a part of their education and their entertainment. Reading and diligently copying those texts in the women’s quarters was not just a pale reflection of male discourse in literary Chinese, but a distinct practice with its own rules. The most interesting of the texts that these women read were the translations of Chinese vernacular novels. Those translations formed a critical literary genre that would have profound implications for Korean literary history because the translations included highly vernacular passages that are not to be found in Korean indigenous narrative. The Chinese vernacular narratives, through the act of translation, forced Korean narrative toward a true vernacular. These translated texts, about which few records survive, are closer to the Korean modern novel than any other premodern texts. It is critical that we consider them as a significant part of the evolution of Korean narrative.
Korean Tea Bowls ( Kōrai chawan ) and Japanese Wabicha : A Story of Acculturation in Premodern Northeast Asia
Authors: Hur Nam-lin
Published: February 2016

For more than two centuries from the mid-sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century, one particular item dominated the fashion of wabicha , a form of tea ceremony, in Japan: tea bowls obtained from Korea, commonly called Kōrai chawan (高麗茶碗), or Korean tea bowls. Korean tea bowls held the key to the evolving aesthetic of wabicha , which was highly refined by Sen no Rikyū (1522–1591) and inherited by other eminent tea masters in Tokugawa Japan. Despite their prominence in the world of wabicha , Korean tea bowls have not often been studied. This article traces the cultural trajectory of Korean tea bowls from the perspective of trade and piracy, border-crossing cultural flow, classification, and acculturation. It then explores the question of what made Korean tea bowls so popular in the world of Japanese wabicha by focusing on four factors: the culture of the upper-class samurai, tea, and Zen Buddhism; the exoticism of Korean tea bowls; commercialism and political power; and the household profession of tea masters. Korean tea bowls, which symbolized the beauty of wabicha , served as a catalyst for a move away from a Chinese-centered aesthetics of tea culture in medieval times and toward a Japan-centered aesthetics of tea culture from the mid-eighteenth century onward.
Debating Tumen Valley Jurchens during the Late Sixteenth and Early Seventeenth Centuries
Authors: Bohnet Adam
Published: February 2016

This article discusses developments among Jurchen tribes on Chosŏn Korea’s northeast frontier during the late sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries. By the sixteenth century, it is often argued, Chosŏn court officialdom had thoroughly internalized Sinocentric ideology, and this caused them to despise Jurchens as barbarian outsiders. By exploring court debates and poetry related to Jurchen uprisings in northern Hamgyŏng, however, this essay argues that Sinocentric ideology was only one factor in sixteenth-century Chosŏn views of the Jurchens. The long-established relationship of certain Jurchen groups with the Chosŏn court and the important role that Jurchens played in Chosŏn’s defense also influenced Chosŏn attitudes. Even Sinocentric ideology, whereby Jurchens were considered inferior barbarian outsiders, could be used rhetorically to call Chosŏn officials to treat their Jurchen inferiors with paternalistic concern.
Necromancing Theurgic Magic: A Reappraisal of the Liber iuratus Extracts and the Consecration Ritual for the Sigillum Dei in an Early Modern English Grimoire
Authors: Chardonnens László Sándor
Published: February 2016

A manuscript in the British Library, Sloane 3853, is an Early Modern magical miscellany containing substantial extracts from a work of medieval ritual magic called the Liber iuratus Honorii or Sworn Book of Honorius. Sloane 3853 has generally been neglected as a source for the Swork Book, since other British Library manuscripts have better and more complete copies. This article argues that extracts from another text known to be included in the miscellany - the Ars notoria - in fact have the Sworn book as a proximate source. Focusing on the ways the Sworn Book is adapted and used, and especially on the vernacularized instructions given for the Sigil of God, the article goes on to trace how Sloane 3853 reflects the interests of its scribe, who focused on quick and straightforward spirit conjurations, ignoring the larger ritual context of the Sworn Book, in keeping with an interest in practical necromancy.
Ciphers in Magic: Techniques of Revelation and Concealment
Authors: Láng Benedek
Published: February 2016

The rhetoric of secrecy is a recurring theme in the history of early modern science; but “secrets” and “secrecy” do not necessarily coincide. In the study of the dynamics of secrecy; the ability to withhold or share information in itself becomes a power enabling social control, regardless of the secreted content. This may be as much a matter of rhetoric as it is of a need to actually conceal information. Questions about the dynamics and rhetoric of secrecy are of special interest in the case of magic manuscripts. How much is this governed by a need to actually conceal content? This article argues that late medieval and early modern magic texts frequently included ciphers; however, they do not seem to be tools for hiding the message. Encrypting makes no content inaccessible. The function of ciphers was different: inviting engagement with the text, which can be described as a maneuver in the rhetoric of secrecy.
Declining Dominance of an Ethnic Group in a Large Multi-ethnic Developing Country: The Case of the Javanese in Indonesia
Authors: Ananta Aris , Utami Dwi Retno Wilujeng Wahyu , Purbowati Ari
Published: February 2016

Indonesia is undergoing a third demographic transition that features changes in ethnic composition. We examine quantitatively the extent and change of dominance of the Javanese, who have experienced below replacement fertility. As used herein, an ethnic group is said to be dominant if it is the largest ethnic group and its percentage is at least twice the percentage of the second largest ethnic group. The Javanese are the largest, most ubiquitous and politically important ethnic group in Indonesia. This quantitative analysis addresses the ethnic dominance and cultural hegemony literature. We question the ubiquity of the Javanese – who represent the process of Javanization – because Indonesia’s Javanese character/culture may be eroding. We find that among the Javanese living outside their three home provinces, the percentage of those who speak Javanese daily at home is very low. These Javanese may have adapted to local conditions. We also find that the Javanese are not always the dominant or even the largest ethnic group. In most of the districts, they comprise a very small minority ethnic group. An important finding is that the “third demographic transition” has been and continues to be occurring in Indonesia, a large developing country. Our findings expand the original concept of what constitutes a third demographic transition, which has been applied previously only to developed countries. We conclude that the Javanese are still dominant, but their dominance has declined, and that a third demographic transition is taking place in Indonesia.
The Emerge(d)nt Weird Tale: A Genre Study
Authors: Spaulding Todd
Published: February 2016

This essay places the weird tale as a genre within the larger historical context of Gothic and fantastic literature, arguing that the weird tale is the rightful heir to those literary traditions.
Revolutionary Subjectivity in Brandon Sanderson’s Mistborn Trilogy
Authors: Melville Peter
Published: February 2016

This essay considers Brandon Sanderson’s depictions of revolutionary activism in the popular Mistborn trilogy in light of Alain Badiou’s thinking on the militant subject’s commitment to a cause and Slavoj Žižek’s distinction between weak and strong thought.
Journalism in the twenty-first century and The Marshall Project: An interview with Gabriel Dance
Authors: Becker Beatriz , Dance Gabriel
Published: February 2016

The Marshall Project is news organization focusing on the American criminal justice system. The non-profit group’s target is to pursue journalism’s lofty notions of impartiality, fairness and accuracy in its coverage of criminal justice in the United States. It has carried out numerous in-depth investigative projects, narratives and profiles, demonstrating how the media can put a human face to criminal justice and how to contextualize its coverage.
Erinnerung und Intersektionalität
Authors: Abrego Verónica Ada
Published: February 2016

Argentinien 1975-1983: Unter der Devise der Rettung des Vaterlandes wurden in geheimen Lagern Menschenrechte verletzt, kulturelle Tabus gebrochen und Frauen Ziel massiver misogyner Gewalt. Die systematische Asymmetrie der Verfolgung rebellischer Frauen und die damit verbundenen, lang anhaltenden mehrfachen Stereotype - aber auch die Beteiligung der Gesellschaft und des Einzelnen an der Repression und am Vergessen - stehen im Mittelpunkt des Bandes. Verónica Ada Abrego denkt Erinnerung und Intersektionalität zusammen, um die wechselnden Subjektkonstruktionen der Opfer der argentinischen Staatsrepression, insbesondere verfolgter Frauen, in den politisch-historischen und literarischen Aufarbeitungsdiskursen Argentiniens (1984-2004) zu beleuchten.
Institutionelle Identität im Wandel
Authors: Achermann Dania
Published: February 2016

Luftverschmutzung, Wetterbeeinflussung und Klimaveränderung stellen seit Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges neue Herausforderungen an die sich rasant entwickelnden Atmosphärenwissenschaften. Zudem haben technologische Innovationen wie Düsenflugzeuge, Radar und Computermodelle das Spektrum der Forschungsmethoden verändert und erweitert. Welche Auswirkungen hatte dies auf ein wissenschaftliches Institut, das sich der Erforschung der Atmosphäre verschrieben hatte? In ihrer Analyse des Instituts für Physik der Atmosphäre (IPA) zeigt Dania Achermann, wie wichtig Probleme der Atmosphäre geworden sind und welche Rolle die institutionelle Identität für die Entwicklung und das Überleben des IPA spielte.
Miranda July's Intermedial Art
Authors: Czudaj Antje
Published: February 2016

This first in-depth study of Miranda July's work reveals some of its major motives and consequently provides fascinating insights into the lifestyle of the contemporary white Californian middle class. Through an analysis of July's award-winning intermedial work, the author lays open how July takes individualism and self-help as constitutive for the creative class. Although a member of the creative class herself, July's voice oscillates between irony and approval. July thus paints a fascinating portrait of neurotic hipsterism, which triggers self-reflection in the general reader and critical thinking in the cultural analyst.
Die phantastische Serie
Authors: Niepold Hannes
Published: February 2016

Serien wie »Lost«, »Twin Peaks« oder »Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron« faszinieren uns nicht zuletzt deshalb so nachhaltig, weil sie mit etlichen Regeln des Erzählens zu brechen scheinen, insbesondere mit der traditionellen und in diesen Serien besonders heraufbeschworenen Annahme einer letztlichen Sinnhaftigkeit aller Elemente einer Narration. Hannes Niepold zeigt erstmals die gemeinsamen Erzählstrukturen und -verfahren dieser phantastischen Serien auf und beschreibt den grundlegenden Zusammenhang von offen-endiger Serialität, Phantastik und Improvisation. Die Studie umreißt damit eine spezifische Erzählform, welche bislang als solche noch nicht betrachtet wurde.
The impact of simulation practice on student nurses’ skills: the case of integrated newborn and childhood illness management at the university of Namibia
Authors: Iita Hermine , Neshuku Hanna , Chirimbana Moses
Published: February 2016

The purpose of this study was to determine if guided simulation practice could enhance practical skills of student nurses in management of childhood illnesses, based on the Integrated Management of Newborn and Childhood Illness (IMNCI) approach.

The objective was to determine the level at which guided classroom simulation practice enhances the skills of student nurses regarding assessment and classification of sick children aged two months to five years for treatment. A quantitative research approach using a pre-test and post- test strategy was used. Descriptive statistics were done and a t-test was also performed to determine the difference in the means. Findings demonstrate that there is an improvement in the performance of student nurses as a result of the guided classroom simulation practice. Recommendations include that student nurses be exposed to guided simulation practice before they are deployed in the clinical area for the actual assessment and classification of sick children based on the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illness.
Irrelevant frame removal for scene analysis using video hyperclique pattern and spectrum analysis
Authors: Chang Yuchou , Lin Hong
Published: February 2016

Video often include frames that are irrelevant to the scenes for recording. These are mainly due to imperfect shooting, abrupt movements of camera, or unintended switching of scenes. The irrelevant frames should be removed before the semantic analysis of video scene is performed for video retrieval. An unsupervised approach for automatic removal of irrelevant frames is proposed in this paper. A novel log-spectral representation of color video frames based on Fibonacci lattice-quantization has been developed for better description of the global structures of video contents to measure similarity of video frames. Hyperclique pattern analysis, used to detect redundant data in textual analysis, is extended to extract relevant frame clusters in color videos. A new strategy using the k-nearest neighbor algorithm is developed for generating a video frame support measure and an h-confidence measure on this hyperclique pattern based analysis method. Evaluation of the proposed irrelevant video frame removal algorithm reveals promising results for datasets with irrelevant frames.
Teach For America’s preferential treatment: School district contracts, hiring decisions, and employment practices
Authors: Brewer T. Jameson , Kretchmar Kerry , Sondel Beth , Ishmael Sarah , Manfra Megan
Published: February 2016

Teach For America (TFA) began in 1990 as an organization purportedly interested in working towards ameliorating a national teacher shortage by sending its corps members into urban and rural schools. In the decades that followed, especially during and immediately following a nationwide onslaught of teacher layoffs instigated by the 2008 Great Recession, teaching shortages no longer exist in many of the districts TFA continues to place corps members. In response to growing criticism, TFA has altered its public rhetoric, suggesting now that their “corps members” are better than traditionally trained teachers – including veteran teachers – and are hired only through equal hiring processes rather than being afforded preferential treatment. We analyze Memorandum of Understandings (MOUs) between TFA and regional school districts, TFA’s official literature, and public discourse to address the degree to which TFA is privileged in hiring practices. We provide evidence that school districts are contractually obligated to reserve and protect positions exclusively for corps members, jobs held by corps members are not a result of equal and open competition, corps member positions are specifically not limited to “so-called shortage areas,” and TFA’s partnership with charter schools and alumni of the organization have skewed hiring practices in favor of TFA over non-TFA teachers.
Cultivating political powerhouses: TFA corps members experiences that shape local political engagement
Authors: Jacobsen Rebecca , White Rachel , Reckhow Sarah
Published: February 2016

In recent years, Teach for America (TFA) has invested in developing corps members as leaders. Although TFA asks corps members for a two-year commitment, TFA celebrates the achievements of alumni who have gone on to careers in politics, public policy, and advocacy. Thus, many community leaders see the arrival of TFA corps members as having a greater impact than just inside the classroom. While expectations for corps members are often high both from TFA and from the communities they serve, we seek to understand whether and how corps members become actively engaged in the broader political life of their placement city. Do corps members find the city fertile with opportunities to solve problems and engage in civic and political life? Or will these corps members leave their placements, viewing the political and educational challenges as intractable due to larger city politics? Using data from a panel study of 2012 corps members in four mid-sized city TFA placement sites, this study examines how attitudes towards and engagement with local politics shift as a result corps members’ experiences. Our research indicates that commitments to local politics shift significantly. While some corps members report an increased commitment to local politics, a sizable group actually becomes less enthusiastic and involved. These shifts appear to be related to the perceived openness of the local political arena to newcomers, one’s teaching placement and the local actions of TFA spin-off organization Leadership for Educational Equity (LEE).
Teach For America, Relay Graduate School, and charter school networks: The making of a parallel education structure
Authors: Mungal Angus Shiva
Published: February 2016

In New York City, a partnership between Teach For America (TFA), the New York City Department of Education (NYCDOE), the Relay Graduate School of Education (Relay), and three charter school networks produced a parallel education structure within the public school system. Driving the partnership and the parallel education structure are the free market ideologies that emerged in the late 1970s that helped to open education to outside organizations. This paper captures two intertwined phenomena; the formation of the parallel education structure and the various partnerships that helped built it. This has resulted in two unique pathways within the public school system. One pathway focuses upon local area conventional public schools that are administered by the NYCDOE. The other pathway represents failing local area public schools that are run by charter school networks. This paper looks beyond TFA’s current influence within the classroom and explores how market forces led to its role with other educational organizations.