bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Succinic Acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide and Photoperiod-Temperature Manipulation on Flowering and Vegetative Bypassing in Azalea cvs. Red Wing and Alaska1
Authors: Brown William L. , Box C. O.
Published: August 2022

Combinations of temp, photoperiod, and succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) treatments were applied to plants of azalea cvs. Red Wing and Alaska during the flower bud development period. Plant quality as indicated by terminal and lateral flower bud development and lack of lateral vegetative growth was generally enhanced by SADH treatment and a 9-hr photoperiod (SD) at 65°F min temp. Quality of ‘Red Wing’ plants was less affected by deviation from this environment than those of ‘Alaska’. Flowering of plants not refrigerated at 45-50°F was hastened by 18-hr photoperiods at 65°F following 4 or 6 weeks of 65°F-SD. Exposure to 50°F min temp during early bud development brought about changes in morphology of ‘Red Wing’ flowers.
The Effect of Defoliation Time on Acclimation and Dehardening in Tart Cherry (Prunus cerasus L.)1
Authors: Howell Gordon S. , Stackhouse Stephen S.
Published: August 2022

The acclimation and deacclimation rates of wood and flower buds of tart cherry were determined over 2 seasons and related to the time of defoliation that occurred as the result of pathogenic infection or hand removal during the first year of study. Early leaf loss resulted in delayed acclimation in the fall and more rapid deacclimation in the spring. The end result was reduced bud survival and decreased fruit set. The effects of early defoliation carried over into the second year.
Propagation of Asparagus through Shoot Apex Culture II. Light and Temperature Requirements, Transplantability of Plants, and Cyto-Histological Characteristics1
Authors: Hasegawa P. M. , Murashige T. , Takatori F. H.
Published: August 2022

In propagating Asparagus officinalis L. through the method of shoot apex culture, apices of terminal buds of spears produced in vitro were found to be equally satisfactory as explants as those of lateral buds of spears obtained from the field. A maximum number of plants was obtained when the cultures were illuminated 4-20 hr daily with white fluorescent or Gro-Lux lamps at an intensity of 1000 lux. A constant 27°C temp was also optimum for plant formation in vitro. Histological examination revealed that roots arose adventitiously from callus which formed at the base of the explant, whereas spears originated from axillary buds.

Successful transfer of plants from laboratory to soil required a prior reculture in a medium lacking NAA and with the light intensity increased to 3000 or 10,000 lux. Examination of the chromosome numbers of plants propagated through shoot apex culture showed that the original diploid status had been retained in every plant.
Berry Composition of Vitis vinifera Cultivars as Influenced by Photo- and Nycto-Temperatures During Maturation
Authors: Kliewer W. M.
Published: August 2022

Total acidity was increased and pH reduced in ‘Cardinal’, ‘Tokay’, and ‘Pinot noir’ berries under a phototemperature of 15°C as compared to 35°C. Nyctotemp of 10, 15, and 20°C also increased acidity and reduced pH of fruits compared to those ripened at nyctotemp of 25 or 30°C, provided phototemp was not greater than 25°C. At 35°C phototemp, acidity of fruits ripened at 10°C nyctotemp was greater than that in fruits ripened at 30°C nyctotemp. Acidity and pH were usually not significantly different, however, between grapes matured at 15 and at 25°C nyctotemp. The level of malate in grape berries was inversely related to temp. Degree Brix of ‘Tokay’ fruits ripened at 35°C phototemp was less than that of fruits ripened at 15°C. However, nyctotemp had relatively little effect on concn of sugars in ‘Tokay’ and ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ berries. Temperature during maturation had no significant effect on berry wt or on the level of arginine. The amount of proline in grapes depended on cultivar, fruit maturity, and temp during the ripening period.
Evaluation and Measurement of Characteristics Affecting Fresh Market Blueberry Demand1
Authors: Mathia G. A. , Schrimper R. A.
Published: August 2022

Fresh market demand relationships were estimated for several major markets for North Carolina, New Jersey, and Michigan fresh blueberries. Demand relationships were estimated from daily price and unload statistics for the 1965–1971 seasons by regression analysis using daily price as the dependent variable. Zero-one variables were used to account for the seasonal and within season effects.

The relationships accounted for 50 to 70% of the variation in daily prices during the 7-year period. The remaining unexplained variation resulted in standard errors of estimate of around 15 cents per flat for most markets. Large standard errors associated with the quantity coefficients appeared to be related in part to the relatively large and discrete intervals used in price reporting by the Market News Service. The quantity coefficients were relatively small. These indicated rather elastic demands for fresh blueberries in the major markets.
Prolonging the Life of Harvested ‘McFarlin’ Cranberries1
Authors: Shawa Azmi Y.
Published: August 2022

Nutritional foliar sprays 0-10-0 + Mn 7% + Zn 14%, 0-17-0 + Mn 8% + Zn 7%, 0-40-0 + Zn 14%, and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly reduced percentage breakdown in 2 consecutive years. N6-benzyladenine (N6BA) was the only growth regulator which significantly suppressed respiratory rates. Succinic acid-2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH) and 10-12-0 + Zn 2% significantly increased berry size and weight.
Quality of Fresh Market Peaches Subjected to a Mechanical Harvesting and Field Handling: Grading System1
Authors: Sims E. T. , Webb B. K. , Hood C. E. , Gambrell C. E.
Published: August 2022

Cuts were generally more prevalent on mechanically harvested peaches than on those hand harvested, although they were usually within acceptable limits. Bruise development during storage was variable and often not significantly higher on machine harvested fruit than on those hand harvested. Fruit position within bulk bins appeared to influence subsequent bruise development. A prototype portable dumper-sorter did not significantly increase fruit injuries. Providing fruit were of comparable maturity, injuries to postbloom regulator-treated fruit were comparable to those untreated. The development of rots during storage was the greatest source of unmarketable fruit and is regarded as the most serious problem related to the mechanical harvesting of peaches for fresh market.
Effects of Iron Salts and Other Looseners on Fruit Abscission of Various Citrus Cultivars1
Authors: Ben-Yehoshua S.
Published: August 2022

A foliar spray of various iron salts induced preferential abscission of citrus fruits over that of leaves. This effect was related to Fe cations rather than to anions, and was enhanced at lower pH. The Fe salts can cause marked phytotoxicity, but fruit loosening was achieved at concentrations that caused little to no defoliation, some rind damage, and light to severe injury to young growth and fruit buds. Effective concentration varied for different species. ‘Valencia’ was more resistant to loosening than the other citrus cultivars tested.

Concentrations of Fe cation in the iron formulations were more than 100-fold that required by cycloheximide, 2 to 10-fold that required by ethephon and about one tenth-fold that required by ascorbic acid to loosen fruit. However, Fe formulations have the following advantages: a) low cost, b) provide essential nutrients to the tree, and c) cause very few problems in registration with the Food and Drug Administration.

The fruit removal force and the sensitivity of ‘Calamondin’ fruit to various looseners during its ontogenical development varied in the order, starting with the most sensitive phase, flowers, fruits just set, mature fruit, immature fruit, and green full-sized fruit.
Reducing Water Loss of Potted Chrysanthemums with Pre-Sale Application of Antitranspirants1
Authors: Martin John D. , Link Conrad B.
Published: August 2022

Several film forming antitranspirants were applied to salable, flowering chrysanthemum plants prior to placement in a controlled environment devised to simulate the interior of a home. Significant reductions in water loss resulted with all applications, with over a 40% reduction at highest concentrations. No discernable increase in floral display life was observed with any treatment. Higher concentrations of chemicals caused yellowing of foliage, and in some cases imparted a sticky residue or in some way impeded normal floral expansion. Film effectiveness persisted for at least 2 weeks with consistantly high transpiration losses for non-treated plants.
Inheritance of Low Temperature Seed Sprouting in Tomato1
Authors: Ng Timothy J. , Tigchelaar E. C.
Published: August 2022

The inheritance of low temperature seed sprouting ability in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) was found to be polygenic with dominance for inability to germinate at suboptimal temperatures. A minimum of 3 genes is suggested from F2 data and a minimum of 5 genes from backcross results. Broad sense heritability was estimated at 97%; narrow sense heritability, at 66%.

Genes controlling determinate, brachytic, and dwarf habits of growth had no significant effect upon subsequent low temperature sprouting response in the F2 generation. Significant differences in ability to germinate at low temperatures were found among reciprocal F1’s.
Analysis of Production Costs in Multi-Product Tomato Processing Plants1
Authors: Uyeshiro R. Y. , Sullivan G. H.
Published: August 2022

Comparison of unit production costs in 5 model multi-product tomato processing plants was completed using economic-engineering methods to synthesize the cost data. Fixed production costs were found to average 16% of total unit production costs for all model plants and products. Fixed costs were most sensitive to operational and seasonal scale effects.

Variable production costs comprised the largest portion of total unit production costs, averaging 84% for all model plants and products. Processing supplies comprised the largest component of variable unit production costs for canned whole tomatoes, tomato juice, and catsup, while raw products supplies comprised the largest variable cost component for tomato puree and paste. Variable costs accounted for the largest regional differences in total unit production costs. The relative production cost differences derived in this study serve as a basis of evaluation of production strategies and comparative advantages at the plant, firm, and region levels.
Sources of Variability in Greenhouse Rose Flower Production1
Authors: Zieslin N. , Halevy A. H. , Biran I.
Published: August 2022

The flower yield of glasshouse roses is made up of 3 components: number of flowers appearing in the upper buds of the branches, number of flowering branches from the plant, and number of flowers appearing on ‘other’ parts of the plant. The number of flowers produced is the product of the number of buds sprouted times the percentage that flower. Flowering potential of the uppermost bud on a branch is greater and the rate of flower abortion (“blindness”) is less, than of buds produced lower on the branch Reduction in yield found during winter in cv. Baccara was mainly due to “blindness” of the uppermost bud. ‘Marimba’ was more productive than ‘Baccara’ due to a larger number of both flowers per branch and flowering branches per plant. The productivity of ‘Baccara’ when grafted on R. indica was greater than that of ungrafted plants because of the greater number of flowering branches produced on grafted plants.
Resistance to the Pear Psylla in Pears with Pyrus ussuriensis Lineage1
Authors: Harris Marvin K. , Lamb Robert C.
Published: August 2022

Resistance to pear psylla (Psylla pyricola Forester) in trees having P. ussuriensis Maxim. (I-65) lineage is shown to be present, genetically transmissable, and not linked with the poor horticultural characteristics of small size, poor tree vigor, grittiness of the fruit, and poor quality. Since both susceptible and resistant backcross seedlings were originally selected for resistance to fire blight, it appears that fire blight resistance and pear psylla resistance are inherited independently.
Floral Tube and Style Abscission in Plum (Prunus domestica L. Cv. Stanley)1,2
Authors: Simons Roy K.
Published: August 2022

Development of ‘Stanley’ plum flowers and young fruits was characterized as having 6 different stages that extended from anthesis through style abscission. These stages were similar to those of peach and cherry, but growth and rapidity of development of the abscission zone differed between the 3 Prunus species. Previous research established 8 stages for cherries and 10 for peaches and apricots. The floral-cup base was enlarged adjacent to the ovary; in early, abortive fruit, remaining portions of the floral tube shrivelled, with no evidence of abscission zone formation.
Hydroponic Rooting of Cuttings of American elm, Ulmus americana L.1,2
Authors: Schreiber L. R.
Published: August 2022

Root development of softwood cuttings from American elm, Ulmus americana L., seedlings was improved by aeration, misting, modified Hoagland’s solution, and the addition of KNO3, KH2PO4, and indole-3-acetic acid to the rooting medium. Cuttings from younger seedlings rooted more readily than those from older plants, and the basal portions rooted more readily than the terminals.
Delaying Deterioration of Romaine Lettuce by Vacuum Cooling and Modified Atmosphere Produced in Polyethylene Packages1
Authors: Aharoni N. , Ben-Yehoshua S.
Published: August 2022

Yellowing and decay of leaves were reduced when romaine lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Hazera Yellow) was prepackaged in closed polyethylene (PE) bags in which O2 concentration was reduced by flushing with N2. Similar, but less effective results were obtained when the lettuce was prepackaged in closed PE bags (not flushed with N2 gas), or when open bags were placed in PE-lined cartons, as well as when lettuce was vacuum precooled after packaging in open bags. Vacuum precooling of PE-lined cartons of lettuce did not further delay deterioration, since the process of vacuum cooling eliminated the modified atmosphere previously produced in PE liners. The efficacy of PE-lined cartons and that of closed PE bags in delaying deterioration of lettuce was related to reduction of O2 and accumulation of CO2 in the ambient atmosphere in the package.

Concentrations of CO2 in PE-lined cartons, which reached 8 to 12% at the end of holding at 18 to 20°C following storage at 1°C, had no adverse effect on romaine lettuce. However, about 64% of the heads of ‘Great Lakes’ lettuce packed in similar packages during cold storage showed CO2 damage, even when CO2 was not higher than about 3%.
Effects on ‘Montmorency’ Cherry of Four Successive Years’ Application of Succinic Acid 2,2-Dimethylhydrazide (SADH)1
Authors: Tehrani G.
Published: August 2022

Succinic acid 2,2-dimethylhydrazide (SADH)2, applied in 1968 at the rate 2000 or 3000 ppm 2 weeks after full bloom to Prunus cerasus L., cv. Montmorency, increased color and advanced maturity by 1 week. After 2 years treatment, the color improved at only 1 location. No effect on fruit color was observed after 3 successive years application of SADH. After 4 years, only 3000 ppm treatment improved color when applied to trees which received 3000 ppm in the previous years. At commercial harvest, the 3000 ppm SADH treatment produced a carry-over effect from the third to the fourth year. After 1, 2 or 3 year’s treatment, total soluble solids of cherries was unchanged at full fruit maturity, but total acid was reduced. Fruit size and size variability were not affected in the first year of application. Application of SADH for 2 consecutive years reduced fruit size and increased the variability in size at only 1 location. Shoot growth was reduced in trees sprayed with 2000 and 3000 ppm SADH for 1, 2 or 3 years, but no differences were observed in number of flowers produced on the current year’s growth. At full fruit maturity, the percentage of treated cherries with a fruit retention force of 400 g and higher was lower than the control.
Analysis of Yield Components in Mature Trees of ‘Schley’ Pecan, Carya illinoensis Koch1
Authors: Malstrom Howard L. , Sparks Darrell
Published: August 2022

All yield components individually correlated with yield. However, percentage of shoots fruiting, shoot fruiting intensity, and tree fruiting intensity were not independent variables; and, in multiple regression analysis, yield correlated only with percentage of shoots fruiting and tree size. The multiple relationship gave a poor estimate of yield since, 1) percentage of shoots fruiting and their relationship to yield varied with the portion of the tree canopy sampled and 2) the relation of yield to tree size was apparently obscured by irregular bearing among individual trees. As indicators of fruitfulness, tree fruiting intensity and percentage of shoots fruiting were essentially equal. Yield variation was governed more by percentage of shoots fruiting than by shoot fruiting intensity. Nut weight varied curvilinearly with yield and nuts per tree.
Internal Ethylene Concentrations in Apple Fruits Attached to or Detached from the Tree1
Authors: Sfakiotakis Evangelos M. , Dilley D. R.
Published: August 2022

A method is described for the measurement of internal ethylene concentration in fruits on the tree. Ethylene levels in ‘Red Delicious’ fruits immediately after harvest were similar to those in fruits on the tree during development and ripening. The levels varied mostly between 0.02 to 0.15 ppm during the period from 83 to 140 days from bloom and sharply increased from 10 to 1000-fold within 5 days as autocatalytic ethylene production began. Ripening followed the upsurge in ethylene production. Isolating fruit from leaves by girdling plus defoliation of spur leaves hastened the increase in internal ethylene by approximately 1 month. Girdling or defoliating the spur did not markedly alter the onset of autocatalytic ethylene production compared to that observed by fruits on normal spurs. The data support the concept that fruits receive a ripening inhibitor from the leaves.
Supplementary Fluorescent Lighting and Low Moisture Stress Improve Growth of Greenhouse Roses1
Authors: White J. W. , Richter D.
Published: August 2022

Continuous, 24 hour, supplementary lighting of ‘Red American Beauty’ roses with W.S. GRO-LUX fluorescent lamps at 16 lamp watts/foot2 significantly increased flower yields and quality without significantly reducing flower Stem length, weight, or node number. Similar results were obtained with 4 NH4+ to NH3−-N ratios when the plants were grown at low moisture stress in either Lelite sand alone or a 50-50 V/V mixture of Lelite sand and sphagnum moss peat. However, the highest yields were obtained from plants grown in Lelite and peat receiving either 71.4 or 57.1 % of the N as NO3−.
Adaptation and psychometric evaluation of the COVID-19 stress scales in Turkish sample
Authors: ŞAHİN Murat Doğan , ŞEN Sedat , GÜLER Deniz
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to adapt the COVID-19 Stress Scales (CSS) into Turkish and provide evidence for construct validity. For this purpose, firstly, Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was applied for the 5-factor model obtained during the development of CSS and the theoretically expected 6-factor model with total of 546 respondents. The findings revealed that the 6-factor model of CSS had a better fit in the Turkish sample. Factor loadings varied between .62 - .95 and correlations between subscales were between .44 - .76. Cronbach's Alpha and McDonald’s ω coefficients for each subscale indicated good-to-excellent internal consistency. To evaluate the criterion-related validity, the Turkish version of The Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) was administered to the participants and the correlation coefficients between this scale and the six subscale of CSS were calculated. We also conducted the Rasch analysis with related items to provide psychometric evidence for their unidimensional structure of each of the six subscales. Lastly, Differential item functioning (DIF) analysis was performed across subgroups by gender, having COVID-19, and being a student. Overall, the results of both CFA and Rasch analyses provided evidence to support the substantive aspect of validity and the appropriateness of the CSS as a measure of COVID-19 stress level in a Turkish sample.
YFS Resummation for Future Lepton-Lepton Colliders in SHERPA
Authors: Krauss Frank , Price Alan , Schönherr Marek
Published: August 2022

We present an implementation of the Yennie-Frautschi-Suura (YFS)
scheme for the all-orders resummation of logarithms from the emission of
soft real and virtual photons in processes that are critical for future
lepton colliders. They include, in particular,
e^-e^+\to f\bar{f}e−e+→ff‾
and e^-e^+\to W^-W^+e−e+→W−W+,
where we validate the results of our implementation, improved with
fixed-order corrections, with those obtained from the most precise
calculations.
We also show, for the first time, results for the Higgs-Strahlungs
process, e^-e^+\to ZHe−e+→ZH,
in YFS resummation including fixed-order improvements up to order
\alpha^3L^3α3L3.
Reduced Dynamics of Full Counting Statistics
Authors: Pollock Felix , Gull Emanuel , Modi Kavan , Cohen Guy
Published: August 2022

We present a theory of modified reduced dynamics in the presence of counting fields.
Reduced dynamics techniques are useful for describing open quantum systems at long emergent timescales when the memory timescales are short.
However, they can be difficult to formulate for observables spanning the system and its environment, such as those characterizing transport properties.
A large variety of mixed system--environment observables, as well as their statistical properties, can be evaluated by considering counting fields.
Given a numerical method able to simulate the field-modified dynamics over the memory timescale, we show that the long-lived full counting statistics can be efficiently obtained from the reduced dynamics.
We demonstrate the utility of the technique by computing the long-time current in the nonequilibrium Anderson impurity model from short-time Monte Carlo simulations.
MARS COLONIZATION AND THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE QURANIC VERSES REGARDING THE WORD ARD (LAND)
Authors:   Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Zaim Zamri Hifdzi , Nasyrudin Wan Abdullah Wan ,   Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,   Research Centre for Quran and Sunnah, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Jamil Habibah ,   GeologyProgramme,FacultyofScienceandTechnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Sidik Roziah ,   Institute of Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Arifin Zamri ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia., Azraai Jamsari Ezad ,   Research Centre for Arabic Language and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Islamic Studies, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Published: August 2022

There have been many attempts at colonizing Mars given the advancement of human knowledge and technology. As Muslims, we believe that the Quran and Hadith should guide humans as to how to conduct their life and to comprehend any issues regarding it. However, unfortunately there are still very few resources and studies regarding the idea of colonizing Mars based on an Islamic perspective. The main objective of this study is to analyse the correlation between Quranic commentaries with modern discoveries about Mars. The studies show that the word ard in the Quran can give the meaning of land and not specifically the planet Earth and there are commentaries on Quranic verses that indicate the existence of earths other than the planet Earth that we are inhabiting. The Quranic perspective towards the physical properties of the word ard can serve as a benchmark on whether Mars can be considered as a land that humankind can colonize or not. For the current exploration and scientific advancement, there is no clear proof that the red planet has achieved the physical properties of the word land according to the Quranic perspective.
STEADY STATE THERMAL ANALYSIS OF PERFORATED HONEYCOMBPLATE FIN HEAT SINKS USING ANSYS
Authors:   M. Tech Student. Fluid and Thermal Engineering. Sharda University Greater Noida., Irshad Wani Manisa , Sanjay Shinde Abhishek ,   M. Tech Student. Machine Design. Sharda University Greater Noida.
Published: August 2022

Heat sink or heat exchanger is a passive cooling device used in electronic components to prolong their longevity, performance and reliability. All electronic components utilize current for the operational purposes and thus become prone to sharp increase in the temperature. The generated heat above the operating level becomes critical in-terms of failure component and hence, appropriate thermal management demands come into act. Finned or extended surface heat sinks are used to cool power electronic devices and components. The comparative results of plate-fin forms on the thermal performance of the heat-sink with inline arrangement is analyzed in this paper. Four forms of fins: Rectangular, One-side tapered, Inverted T section and I section with and without honeycomb perforations are designed on SOLIDWORKSÂ® and analysed using ANSYSÂ® software to identify a cooling solution for a CPU in terms of temperature and directional heat flux along x, y and z directions. The aluminium alloy 6063-T6 and natural graphite are selected as a base plate and fin materials respectively. The main objective of this paper is to contribute to this improving area of research by studying the effect of honeycomb perforations of plate fin heat sinks under natural convection using steady state thermal analysis at a constant heat flow of 20W and 40W in two different cases with air inlet temperature taken as 37.85Â° C. A total of 16 specimen were analysed. 8 specimen of plate fin heat sinks without perforations were compared with the rest 8 specimen with honeycomb perforations. It was evaluated from both the cases that inverted T sectional fin with perforations provided an improvement in thermal efficiency and better heat flux removal results among other plate fin profiles where as in terms of density and cost trade-offs one side perforated tapered fin outperformed other fins.
PREVALENCE OF IATROGENIC PERFORATIONS ACCORDING TO THEIR LOCATION AND AFFECTED ROOT SURFACES
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University, Sofia., Kouzmanova Yaneta , V. Dimitrova Ivanka ,   Associate Professor, Department of Conservative Dentistry, Medical University, Sofia.
Published: August 2022

Background: The location of the endodontic perforation has shown a strong correlation with the healing process and successful outcome. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of iatrogenic perforations according to their location and affected root surfaces. Materials and methods: Over a period of 7 years, 100 cases of iatrogenic root perforations were recorded from the digital radiographs of each case. The perforations were classified according to the following criteria: (1) perforation location â€“ cervical, furcation, stripping, lateral, and apical (2) affected root surface. The prevalence of different types of perforation was calculated and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Among all types of perforations, the most common are those located in the furcation area of the molars (46%), followed by lateral root perforation (35.8%). The mesial root surfaces are most often affected by iatrogenic perforations (71.9%), followed by the distal ones (21%). Conclusion: Prior to root canal treatment, it is essential to assess the morphologic conditions in the key areas prone to iatrogenic perforations.
CONTRIBUTION A LETUDE DE LA CONTAMINATION AUX ELEMENTS TRACES METALLIQUES (MN, CO, CU, PB, HG, NI, ZN) DOREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS ET CLARIAS GARIEPINUS DE LA RIVIERE YOLO (KINSHASA, RDC)
Authors:   Institut Superieur de Techniques Appliquees/ Kinshasa- Ndolo. Avenue de laerodrome nÃ‚Â° 61-63, B.P. 6593, Kinshasa 31., L.F. Boko , D.E Musibono ,   Universite de Kinshasa Faculte des Sciences, Departement de lenvironnement, unite decotoxicologie, B.P. 190, Kinshasa XI., A. Matand ,   Universite Pedagogique Nationale, Faculte des Sciences, Departement de Geographie - Sciences de lenvironnement, B.P 8815 KINSHASA., P. Ngelikoto ,   Universite Pedagogique Nationale, Faculte des Sciences, Departement de Geographie - Sciences de lenvironnement, B.P 8815 KINSHASA., L.B Iketsh ,   ISAGE/ ATEN, KIKWIT.
Published: August 2022

This 3-year study, was conducted from July to September during the following years 2019, 2020 and 2021. It aimed to determine the concentration of heavy metals (Mn, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Zn) in two fish species, namely Oreochromis niloticus(herbivore) and Clarias gariepinus (omnivore) from the Yolo River in Kinshasa (DRC), which receives , in addition to the urban effluents along its watercourse, all the effluents of the industrial Limete district discharged without any pre-treatment into the drains and main collector of the district which leads to the river, in order to assess the risks related by the chronic consumption of these fish species by the population of the city of Kinshasa.The study revealed the presence of seven (7) metallic trace elements (Cu, Pb, Fe, Cd, Zn and Hg) in two species of fish studied according to the level of the food chain: Oreochromis niloticus having a primary diet (herbivore) and Clarias gariepinus having a tertiary diet (omnivore).The results thus found reveal on the one hand that the Oreochromis niloticus (herbivorous) were less contaminated than the Clarias gariepinus (omnivorous) and on the other hand, the heads are more contaminated than the flesh. However, not knowing the age of these species, we used the size to distinguish the young from the adults and the results obtained indicate how much the adult fish accumulate more heavy metals compared to the juveniles.Consequently, the regular consumption of fish from the Yolo River exposes the population of the city of Kinshasa to metabolic disturbances (mutagenic, teratogenic effects) and fatal diseases such as cancer.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CAUDAL BLOCK USINGLIGNOCAINE ALONE AND WITH KETAMINE FOR ADULTANORECTAL SURGERIES
Authors:   Associate Professor Department of Anaesthesia, ACSR GMC, Nellore, AP., Sreenivasarao S. , Sarada G. ,   Assistant Professor Department of Anaesthesia, ACSR GMC, Nellore, AP., Suresh R. ,   Assistant Professor Department of Anaesthesia, ACSR GMC, Nellore, AP., Ramyakrishna S. ,   Assistant Professor Department of Anaesthesia, ACSR GMC, Nellore, AP.
Published: August 2022

Background -we want to compare the effects of lignocaine alone & lignocaine with ketamine in the caudal block for anorectal surgeries Methods- A prospective, randomized, comparative study was conducted at the Department of Anaesthesiology, ACSR Govt Medical college on 50 ASA I, and II patients aged between 18 to 60years posted for elective anorectal surgeries, during the period of November 2020 to February 2022,by dividing the patients into two groups Results-In this study the mean time to the first analgesia was 7.9 min. in the control group and 5.6 in the study group (p < 0.05). The mean time to start was 13 min. in the control and 11 min. in the study group (p < 0.05). The sensory block level reached in the control group was T12 and in the study group was T 10. The motor blockade was significantly less in the study group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Anal sphincter relaxation was better in the study group than in the control group. The discomfort caused by the awkward positioning was less in the ketamine group than in the control. In the study group, patients had acceptable sedation which contributed to a sense of well-being superior patient satisfaction and better working conditions for surgery. Both groups were compared in the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications. In the study group the total duration of analgesia was significantly prolonged (210 min. vs. 247 min. p value <0.05 ) There was no hypotension in the study group whereas in the control group there was a mean fall of 4 mm Hg. in the systolic BP. The addition of Ketamine in the subanaesthetic dose of 0.5 mg / Kg to the Caudal epidural block provides comparatively better anaesthesia than Lignocaine alone. Conclusion- We concluded that Caudal Epidural Block ( CEB) using Lignocaine 30 ml with Adrenaline ( 1 in 200 000 dilutions) is a safe, reliable and simple technique that can be practised for this kind of surgery. Ketamine as an adjuvant in sub anaesthetic doses significantly improves the quality,duration, and patient comfort in the caudal block.
ROLE OF MODIFIED BIOPHYSICAL PROFILE IN PREDICTING PERINATAL OUTCOME IN HIGH RISK PREGNANCY
Authors: Aruna Gollapalli , Subhashini Revu , Asha Poornima Bandaru , Prasad Usha
Published: August 2022

Background: In order to achieve the target of having a healthy mother and healthy baby there is a need to identify pregnant woman with high risk factors.Ante natal foetal monitoring is aimed at identifying foetus that are at high risk of suffering from intrauterine hypoxia. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the role of modified biophysical profile in predicting perinatal outcome in high risk pregnant women Material and methods: This is a hospital based observational study in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , Victoria Government Hospital , Visakhapatnam, from January 2022 to May 2022.A total of 96 high risk pregnant women were included in this study. Inclusion criteria was Singleton pregnancy ,risk factors like[pre eclampsia,gestational hypertension,diabetes mellitus,anemia,past dates,post cesarian section.breech,bad obstetric history and pre term,Exclusion criteria was multifetal gestation,intrauterine death,fetal anomalies. Detailed history was taken and relavent investigations were sent. Results: 16.9% of cases had meconium stained liquor (normal CTG and AFI), 36% with meconium stained liquor had normal AFI but abnormal CTG, 40% with meconium stained liquor had abnormal AFI but normal CTG, 50% with meconium stained liquor had abnormal AFI and abnormal CTG 0% of babies had perinatal death when AFI and CTG was normal, 100% of babies had perinatal death when AFI and CTG was abnormal Conclusion: Modified bio physical profile is a easy ,time saving and cost effective procedure and can used as a test of antepartum fetal surveillance in order to predict perinatal outcome in high risk pregnancy.
SYNTHETIC AND APPLICATION OF NANOPARTICLES DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMS PRESENT AND FUTURE PROSPECTIVE
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Zoology, DSB Campus Kumaun University, Nainital, India., Kumar Ajay , E. Keshamma ,   Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Maharani Cluster University, Palace Road, Bangalore-560001., Ghosh Nibir ,   M.Pharm, JIS University., Kedarbhai Otia Mihir ,   Pharmaceutical Technology, Babaria Institute of Pharmacy, Vadodara, Gujarat Technological University, Gujarat, India., Chourasia Anurag ,   Assistant Professor, Ramanand Institute of Pharmacy and Management, Haridwar, India., Kumar Roshan ,   Department of Pharmacology, Dev Bhoomi Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India., Saha Purabi ,   Department of Pharmacy, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun-248007, Uttarakhand, India.
Published: August 2022

Materials in the nanoscale range are used as diagnostic tools or to deliver therapeutic medicines to precisely targeted locations using nano delivery systems, a relatively new but fast emerging field of medicine. By delivering precise medicines to specified sites and targets, nanotechnology has the potential to significantly improve the treatment of chronic human diseases. Recently, there have been a number of remarkable uses of nanomedicine (chemotherapeutic agents, biological agents, immunotherapeutic agents, etc.) in the treatment of various disorders. Clinical uses of nanomedicines, both current and potential, are reviewed, as are the advantages and disadvantages of nanomedicines for drug delivery from synthetic/natural sources. We have also included data on future predictions and developments in the field of nanomedicine.
Time-varying price discovery in Bahar-e-Azadi Gold Coin spot and futures contracts
Authors: Farzanegan Elham
Published: August 2022

This paper aims to analyze the daily price discovery of Bahar-e-Azadi Gold Coin (GC) spot and futures contracts in Iran, using the fractionally cointegrated error-correction model (FCECM). The residuals of the FCECM are modeled by the BEKK-GARCH specification to calculate the time-varying conditional information share between GC spot and futures prices. Using data covering December 21, 2008 to April 14, 2018, the paper establishes the novel finding that the GC spot and futures price series are fractionally integrated of orders 0.98347 and 0.95169, respectively. This implies the long memory behavior in the price series. Further, the results show that the series are fractionally cointegrated of order 0.542. The empirical findings from the methodology indicate that in the price discovery process, the GC spot market dominates the GC futures market. This analysis is robust to alternative construction of futures price series and sub-samples decomposed based on structural breaks. One possible explanation could be the higher trading volume associated with the GC spot market compared to the GC futures market. Incompleteness and market frictions also can cause a delay in the process of information incorporation into the futures market and may discourage market players from trading in these markets.
A Visual Identity-Based Approach of Southeast Asian City Branding: A Netnography Analysis
Authors: Mohamad Bahtiar , Adetunji Raji Ridwan , Alarifi Ghadah , Ismail Ahmed Rageh , Akanmu Muslim Diekola
Published: August 2022

Cities and places had been progressively being marketed as brands by using the concept of ‘City Branding', which is a unique idea. The scholars of ‘City Branding’ believed that the concept of branding helps the city in marketing activities. A city metaphorically could be seen as an entity given the advantage to display its visual characteristics to tourists, visitors, and residents. Unique visual identity such as iconic architecture and graphic design could make a city stands out from the others. Thus, the research examined the role of visual identity in city branding. Specifically, the aim was to contribute to better understanding of the concept of ‘visual identity’ in Southeast Asian cities. Netnography approach was employed to gain better understanding of the notion of visual identity of city branding and refine a conceptual framework that has been developed based on the existing literature. Elements such as iconic structure and graphic design (logo and slogan) of four cities in Southeastern Asia were emphasized. The research concludes that the components of the visual identity of the cities need to be reshaped to be aligned with their visual characteristics in order to boost their competitiveness among the global city brands.
High occurrence of viable forms of Cryptosporidium and Giardia in domestic sewage from an agricultural region of Brazil
Authors: Ladeia Winni Alves , Martins Felippe Danyel Cardoso , Nino Beatriz de Souza Lima , Silvério Arielle da Cunha , da Silva Ana Clécia , Ossada Raul , da Silva Douglas Aparecido , Garcia João Luis , Freire Roberta Lemos
Published: August 2022

Cryptosporidium and Giardia are the main etiologies of waterborne outbreaks caused by protozoa. These parasites are commonly detected in wastewater; however, there is little knowledge about the concentration of viable forms in treated sewage, mainly in small communities. To understand more about the presence of viable oocysts and cysts in domestic sewage, we monitored the affluent and effluent of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in inner-city Brazil. Ten samplings and seven follow-ups were performed in 2020. Samples were concentrated by centrifugation, filtration and purified by fluctuation. Viability was accessed by propidium-monoazide (PMA) associated with nPCR and qPCR. Both viable protozoa were detected in all raw sewage samples (average: 438.5 viable oocysts/L). Regarding treated sewage, Cryptosporidium was detected in all of the samples (average: 92.8 viable oocysts/L) and Giardia was detected in 70% with viable cysts in 30%. Considering the follow-ups, 31.17% of Cryptosporidium viable oocysts remained in the effluent after the treatment. High amounts of Cryptosporidium and a high frequency of Giardia were detected, therefore both arrived at WWTP and were discharged into the river. These alert the presence of agro-industrial effluents into domestic sewage and demonstrated the effectiveness of the concentration technique for monitoring protozoa in wastewater.
The role of lysosomal membrane stability, malondialdehyde levels and DNA damage as pollution biomarkers in evaluating biological cleaning products using Mytilus galloprovincialis
Authors: Itziou Aikaterini
Published: August 2022

The possible effects of wastewater treatment products on mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) were studied. Three common pollution biomarkers were used: neutral red retention assay, malondialdehyde contents and DNA damage through comet assay. Two groups of mussels were treated in the laboratory for 25 days with 20 and 40 %v/v of treated wastewater collected after chlorination, and the control mussels formed a third group. The results showed statistically significantly lower neutral red retention times, higher malondialdehyde contents and higher formation of single-stranded DNA fragments in the mussels exposed at both treated wastewater concentrations compared to the controls.
Assessment of CMIP5 and CORDEX-SA experiments in representing multiscale temperature climatology over central India
Authors: Vishwakarma Ankur , Choudhary Mahendra Kumar , Chauhan Mrityunjay Singh
Published: August 2022

The central India region has been seriously affected by repeated droughts in recent decades due to climate change, which is the main reason for conducting this research. It is still uncertain how the numerous climate models could precisely estimate the future climate for central India. The study mainly focuses on the forcing global climate models (GCMs) and the regional climate models (RCMs). The models have been checked using the coefficient of correlation (r2), Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and an improved method, skill score (SS). The performance is also spatially checked on ArcGIS using the kriging interpolation. The bias-corrected GCMs performed more authentically than the CORDEX RCMs in signifying maximum and minimum temperatures for the Bundelkhand region in central India. Bias-corrected GCMs, EC-EARTH, CCSM4 and GFDL-ESM-2M affirmed the best models on multiple time scales for maximum and minimum temperature in the study region. Maximum NSE and r2 have been observed for seasonal minimum temperature. GCM-EC-EARTH has shown 97% to 98% accuracy, while GCM-GFDL-ESM-2M has demonstrated 84% to 97% accuracy among other selected models. The research outcomes will also assist policymakers in developing strategies and policies for the future climate of central India with the help of more precise projected climatic data.
Assessment of Atherosclerosis in Ischemic Stroke by means of Ultrasound
of Extracranial/Intracranial Circulation and Serum, Urine, and
Tissue Biomarkers
Authors: Dimas Grigorios G. , Zilakaki Maria , Giannopoulos Argyrios , Daios Stylianos , Kakaletsis Nikolaos , Kaiafa Georgia , Didangelos Triantafyllos , Savopoulos Christos , Ktenidis Kyriakos , Tegos Thomas
Published: August 2022

It is a common practice to take into consideration age, diabetes, smoking, treated
and untreated systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol for the prediction of atherosclerosis and stroke. There are, however, ultrasound
markers in use for the assessment of atherosclerosis and the evaluation of stroke
risk. Two areas of investigation are of interest: the carotid artery and the intracranial arterial
circulation. Again, within the domain of the carotid artery, two ultrasonic markers
have attracted our attention: intima media thickness of the carotid artery and the presence
of carotid plaque with its various focal characteristics. In the domain of intracranial circulation,
the presence of arterial stenosis and the recruitment of collaterals are considered
significant ultrasonic markers for the above-mentioned purpose. On the other hand, a series
of serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers are found to be related to atherosclerotic disease.
Future studies might address the issue of whether the addition of proven ultrasonic
carotid indices to the aforementioned serum, urine, and tissue biomarkers could provide
the vascular specialist with a better assessment of the atherosclerotic load and solidify
their position as surrogate markers for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and stroke risk.
GlmU Inhibitors as Promising Antibacterial Agents: A Review
Authors: Azam Mohammed Afzal , Palathoti Nagarjuna
Published: August 2022

Bacterial infections are a major cause of mortality and morbidity in humans throughout
the world. Infections due to resistant bacterial strains such as methicillin-resistant Staphyloccocusaureus
vancomycin, resistant Enterococci, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus,
and Mycobacterium are alarming. Hence the development of new antibacterial agents, which act
via a novel mechanism of action, became a priority in antibacterial research. One such approach
to overcome bacterial resistance is to target novel protein and develop antibacterial agents that act
via different mechanisms of action. Bacterial GlmU is one such bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes
the two consecutive reactions during the biosynthesis of uridine 5′-diphospho-Nacetylglucosamine,
an essential precursor for the biosynthesis of bacterial cell wall peptidoglycan.
This enzyme comprises two distinct active sites; acetyltransferase and uridyltransferase and both
these active sites act independently during catalytic reactions. GlmU is considered an attractive
target for the design and development of newer antibacterial agents due to its important role in
bacterial cell wall synthesis and the absence of comparable enzymes in humans. Availability of
three dimensions X-crystallographic structures of GlmU and their known catalytic mechanism
from different bacterial strains have instigated research efforts for the development of novel antibacterial
agents. Several GlmU inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes like 2-
phenylbenzofuran derivative, quinazolines, aminoquinazolines, sulfonamides, arylsulfonamide,
D-glucopyranoside 6-phosphates, terreic acid, iodoacetamide, N-ethyl maleimide, and Nethylmaleimide
etc., have been reported in the literature. In the present review, we present an update
on GlmU inhibitors and their associated antibacterial activities. This review may be useful
for the design and development of novel GlmU inhibitors with potent antibacterial activity.