bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Characteristics of a Free-Breathing Polymer Electrolyte Fuel Cell with Various Channel Shapes
Authors: Nakashima Kohei , Yoshida Masao , Kondo Yuki
Published: September 2024

This study utilized a small free-breathing fuel cell, with an active area of 4 cm2 (2 cm x 2cm), and channel cathodes with various channel shapes, to experimentally investigate the effect of channel structure on cell performance, to numerically analyze the natural convection air flow in channels, and to compare with the results of performance characterisitics. The results indicated that, compared with a conventional cathode separator with four straight channels (with a width of 3 mm, a depth of 3 mm, and a rib width of 2 mm), cell performance was improved by eliminating some of the channel ribs and increasing the opening ratio, up to a point. A separator with 2 mm square ribs rotated by 45° further improved cell performance. However, when the opening ratio exceeded 72% with a straight center rib of 2 mm width, cell performance leveled off. The analysis results revealed that separators with modified channels promoted natural convection.
3D Printing Conductive Filament for Fuel Cell Bipolar Plates
Authors: Vandervort Zachary E , Lockhart Nicholas J , Hollinger Adam S
Published: September 2024

Fuel cell bipolar plates are commonly manufactured from metals and graphite. Utilizing a polymer material, while still adhering to the standards set by the U.S. Department of Energy for bipolar plate electrical conductivity, could greatly reduce production costs and time. 3D printing bipolar plates could have benefits that include weight reductions as well as ease of testing different flowfield designs. However, very few 3D printing filaments are electrically conductive. In this work, samples were printed with Electrifi conductive filament, a copper-polyester composite material. Samples were printed at various conditions to determine optimal print settings for dimensional accuracy and electrical conductivity. Printing parameters such as nozzle temperature, flow rate, and infill pattern were varied to affect sample density and conductivity. Several combinations of print conditions led to conductivities nearing the US DOE technical target for bipolar plate conductivity. SEM imaging was performed to better understand the structure of the Electrifi filament, and an Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy scan provided details on its elemental composition.
In-Situ X-ray Diffraction/Fluorescence Analysis of Dy–Cu Electrochemical Alloying and Dealloying in Molten LiCl–KCl–DyCl3
Authors: Katasho Yumi , Oishi Tetsuo
Published: September 2024

Recycling spent Nd magnets is essential for maintaining a stable supply of rare earth (RE) elements prompting the development of a one-step recycling process using molten salt and alloy diaphragms. In this study, to investigate the mechanism of rapid alloy formation, an in-situ X-ray diffraction/fluorescence analysis of Dy–Cu electrochemical alloying and dealloying in molten LiCl–KCl–DyCl3 was performed. During the electrolysis, a diffraction peak corresponding to Cu was observed. In addition, X-ray fluorescence peaks of Dy were observed throughout the process. The area of the Dy X-ray fluorescence peak increased as the alloying progressed but remained relatively constant during the dealloying process. Compared with Dy–Ni alloying/dealloying, the areas of the fluorescence peaks were smaller. The results suggest a slower alloy formation rate with Cu than with Ni. Cross-sectional images show that the alloy formation rate is lower for Cu, which can be attributed to a larger crystal mismatch between the substrate and alloyed layer.
Study of Chemical Reactions in Molten Salts By Electrochemical Transient Techniques
Authors: Kuznetsov Sergey A
Published: September 2024

Processes of electrodeposition and electrochemical synthesis in many cases are accompanied by chemical reactions. In the present work, the following chemical reactions: comproportionation, disproportionation, displacement, cluster formation, heteronuclear complex formation, polymerization, competitive complex formation, and acidic-basic have been studied by electrochemical transient techniques. The effect of chemical reactions on the composition of electrolysis products is discussed and methods of suppressing the reactions complicating the electrolysis processes are suggested. The results of the synthesis of functional materials using chemical reactions are presented.
Finding Diffusivity and Solubility of Impurities inside ILs By MD
Authors: Aryal Dipak , Rotondaro Antonio , Nakano Takeo , Morimoto Tamotsu
Published: September 2024

Ionic liquids (ILs) are promising candidates for use in the semiconductor industry due to their unique and tunable physicochemical properties. One possible application is to use ILs as a barrier or protective liquid film that does not evaporate in low-pressure conditions. For this application, we need a better understanding of the molecular scale of the behavior of the ILs at different temperature ranges. To develop such a new process, the knowledge of absorbing/desorbing impurities (such as O2, CO2, and H2O, including their mixtures and other organic materials) in the ILs and their transport properties (diffusion coefficients) inside the ILs at different temperatures is essential from the surface protection film point of view. This work seeks to answer these essential questions at the nanometer scale by showing the results from molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the diffusivity and solubility of impurities inside ILs.
The Multifaceted Role of Boric Acid in Nickel Electrodeposition and Electroforming
Authors: Tambe C. Enowmbi , Green T. A. , Roy S.
Published: September 2024

This study involved an investigation of the role of boric acid in nickel electroforming from sulfamate electrolytes, especially in relation to its ability to minimise interfacial pH changes during electrodeposition. Initial speciation calculations indicated that buffering by polyborate species and nickel-borate complexes are most likely responsible for this effect. However, the concentration of nickel-borate complexes was too low even at elevated pH to be a significant electroactive species. Polarisation and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance measurements indicated that, in the absence of boric acid, electrodeposits typically contained Ni(OH)2, while boric acid additions resulted in pure Ni being deposited with a current efficiency approaching unity. Boric acid additions substantially modified the nickel and hydrogen partial currents, and influenced the overall current efficiency. Studies in nickel-free solutions indicated that boric acid adsorbs on the surface which explains the suppression of H2O reduction observed in the electroforming experiments. Collectively, solution buffering due to polyborate and nickel-borate species and inhibition of H2O reduction by adsorbed boric acid minimised interfacial pH changes and prevented the formation of nickel hydroxide.
State of Charge (SoC) of the Vanadium and Other Redox Flow Batteries: Identification of the Electrode and Bipolar Plate Contributions
Authors: Krowne Clifford M.
Published: September 2024

In this paper attention is directed toward one of the key measures of performance, State of Charge (SoC) for vanadium and other battery chemistries. Explored are its simple definition, as well as a more complete examination of just what is meant by this terminology. Developed is a more sophisticated exposition of how to calculate it properly, including spatial distributions, and what consequences arise from various simplifications. Open Circuit voltage through the Nernst equation, is related to the SoC. Non-equilibrium overpotential is also related to the concentrations when treated as averaged field variables. Other chemistries examined include iron-chromium, all-iron, and hydrogen-bromine. For the first time, a rigorous decomposition of the spatial variation of the electrode and bipolar plate contributions is identified, allowing new formulas to be obtained. This may allow optimization of redox flow battery performance. Finally, an expression is found for the open circuit voltage cost going between no bipolar plates and their incorporation into the redox flow battery.
Influence of Composition on Mechanical Properties and Sound Speed of AlAs1−xPx for Various Pressures
Authors: Elkenany Elkenany Brens , Albargi Hasan B. , Dhahri R. , Al-Syadi A. M.
Published: September 2024

The mechanical properties of AlAs1−xPx alloy under the influence of composition have been determined. The sound speed of AlAs1−xPx has been determined at various compositions. The studied properties were obtained with the effect of composition at various pressures. The predicted values were consistent with the available experimental results. The investigation used empirical method calculations based on empirical pseudo potential theory (EPM) with the virtual crystal approximation (VCA) to broaden the applications of ternary alloys and better investigate their potential as novel materials. AlAs1−xPx is a material that shows promise for usage in multi-junction solar cell designs because its properties can potentially be adjusted. The mechanical stability of AlAs1−xPx alloys was obtained according to these conditions C11 + 2C12 > 0, C44 > 0, and C11-C12 > 0. The obtained anisotropy factor was not equal to 1, indicating the presence of elastic anisotropy in the studied alloy in the applied composition range. The AlAs1−xPx alloy is a ductile material throughout the entire composition range at various pressures due to the Bu/Cs values exceeding 1.75.
Supplementary Movie 4 from Integration of Clinical Trial Spatial Multiomics Analysis and Virtual Clinical Trials Enables Immunotherapy Response Prediction and Biomarker Discovery
Authors: Zhang Shuming , Deshpande Atul , Verma Babita K. , Wang Hanwen , Mi Haoyang , Yuan Long , Ho Won Jin , Jaffee Elizabeth M. , Zhu Qingfeng , Anders Robert A. , Yarchoan Mark , Kagohara Luciane T. , Fertig Elana J. , Popel Aleksander S.
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Movie 4
Risperidone for the Treatment of Dementia-Related Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zhou Guanghua , Yin Suna , Zhang Shubao , Hao Fang , Ma Lin
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Risperidone is one of the atypical antipsychotics that has been used for the treatment of dementia-related psychosis (DRP). However, the findings concerning its efficacy and safety in DRP are contradictory. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to address the effects of risperidone on the alleviation of DRP. We searched Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and PsychINFO from the inception until May 2024. Appropriate statistical tests were used to test the study hypothesis. Results: The study included 17 articles and 2,311 patients with DRP. Risperidone alleviated DRP with a standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.355 (95% CI: 0.170–0.541, p = 0.000). The impact of treatment was positively associated with treatment duration (slope p = 0.038) and dose (slope p = 0.000). Six studies (n = 354) reported the data for the effects of risperidone on cognitive function. Analysis showed that risperidone treatment deteriorated cognitive function in DRP patients with an SMD of −0.185 (95% CI: −0.349 to −0.020, p = 0.028). The mean effect size was 0.36 with a 95% CI of 0.17–0.54. However, the true effect size in 95% of all comparable populations fell in the interval of −0.37 to 1.08. This revealed a high heterogeneity among the included publications as the prediction interval showed a wider range of expected treatment effects than CI. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis provides evidence for the effectiveness of risperidone in the management of DRP. However, because of safety concerns and high data heterogeneity, risperidone use should be individualized for each patient.
Rosacea and Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Case-Control Study in the All of Us Database
Authors: Piontkowski Austin J. , Sharma Divija , Ungar Benjamin
Published: September 2024

Introduction: Recent reports have suggested a link between rosacea and several gastrointestinal diseases, although the evidence has largely been limited to European and Asian populations. This study seeks to confirm and expand upon the connection between rosacea and gastrointestinal conditions using the diverse All of Us database. Methods: We identified 8,319 rosacea patients and selected 4:1 controls matched (n = 33,276) based on age, race, gender, smoking status, insurance status, annual income, education, and alcohol use. Conditional logistic regression was then performed on the matched cohort to assess the relationship between rosacea and Crohn’s disease (CD), microscopic colitis, ulcerative colitis (UC), celiac disease (CED), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), Helicobacter-associated disease, and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Results: On logistic regression, rosacea patients were significantly more likely than matched controls to be diagnosed with IBS (odds ratio [OR]: 2.35, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.18–2.53, p < 0.001), CD (OR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.53–2.15, p < 0.001), UC (OR: 1.70, 95% CI: 1.44–2.02, p < 0.001), CED (OR: 1.93, 95% CI: 1.59–2.34, p < 0.001), Helicobacter-associated disease (OR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.50–2.14, p < 0.001), and GERD (OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.97–2.18, p < 0.001). However, there was no statistically significant association between rosacea and microscopic colitis (OR: 1.47, 95% CI: 0.91–2.37, p = 0.12). Conclusion: This study highlights the presence of notable gastrointestinal comorbidities among individuals with rosacea in a diverse cohort. Consequently, more targeted monitoring of gastrointestinal diseases in rosacea patients may be warranted, as well as potential further investigation into the gut-skin axis in terms of rosacea pathophysiology.
Blunted Cardiac Mitophagy in Response to Metabolic Stress Contributes to HFpEF
Authors: Yoshii Akira , McMillen Timothy S. , Wang Yajun , Zhou Bo , Chen Hongye , Banerjee Durba , Herrero Melisa , Wang Pei , Muraoka Naoto , Wang Wang , Murry Charles E. , Tian Rong
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Metabolic remodeling and mitochondrial dysfunction are hallmarks of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, their role in the pathogenesis of HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is poorly understood.

METHODS:

In a mouse model of HFpEF, induced by high-fat diet and Nω-nitrol-arginine methyl ester, cardiac energetics was measured by
31
P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and substrate oxidation profile was assessed by
13
C-isotopmer analysis. Mitochondrial functions were assessed in the heart tissue and human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes.

RESULTS:

HFpEF hearts presented a lower phosphocreatine content and a reduced phosphocreatine/ATP ratio, similar to that in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Decreased respiratory function and increased reactive oxygen species production were observed in mitochondria isolated from HFpEF hearts suggesting mitochondrial dysfunction. Cardiac substrate oxidation profile showed a high dependency on fatty acid oxidation in HFpEF hearts, which is the opposite of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction but similar to that in high-fat diet hearts. However, phosphocreatine/ATP ratio and mitochondrial function were sustained in the high-fat diet hearts. We found that mitophagy was activated in the high-fat diet heart but not in HFpEF hearts despite similar extent of obesity suggesting that mitochondrial quality control response was impaired in HFpEF hearts. Using a human induced pluripotent stem cell–derived cardiomyocyte mitophagy reporter, we found that fatty acid loading stimulated mitophagy, which was obliterated by inhibiting fatty acid oxidation. Enhancing fatty acid oxidation by deleting ACC2 (acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2) in the heart stimulated mitophagy and improved HFpEF phenotypes.

CONCLUSIONS:

Maladaptation to metabolic stress in HFpEF hearts impairs mitochondrial quality control and contributed to the pathogenesis, which can be improved by stimulating fatty acid oxidation.
MDMA modulates human sensorimotor cortical pathways during gentle touch
Authors: Molla Hanna , Novembre Giovanni , Bershad Anya , Handlin Linda , Perini Irene , de Wit Harriet , Morrison India
Published: September 2024

The stimulant ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been shown to enhance the perceived pleasantness of touch. However, the underlying neural processes contributing to touch-related effects of MDMA are not well understood. Using a double-blind, randomized, within-subject design, this study used fMRI to examine hemodynamic changes following MDMA (1.5 mg/kg) vs. lactose placebo administration during gentle touch stimulation in a healthy sample (N = 18). Participants were stroked on the forearm at a slower, more pleasant (3 cm/s), and a faster (30 cm/s), less pleasant speed. For the MDMA session, participants’ affective ratings of touch stimulation were higher than their placebo ratings. Increase in plasma oxytocin (OT) levels was also greater during the MDMA session. On the neural level, primary sensorimotor areas showed greater hemodynamic changes during the MDMA than during the placebo session for both touch speeds, indicating a relatively early influence within somatosensory pathways. Changes in OT levels showed an interaction with drug in an occipitotemporal region, area MT+, associated with motion perception. However, posterior insula did not show preferential activation for the slower stroking speed. These initial findings provide a basis for extending our knowledge of the neural processes underlying the effect of MDMA on affective touch.
Functional excitation-inhibition ratio indicates near-critical oscillations across frequencies
Authors: Diachenko Marina , Sharma Additya , Smit Dirk J. A. , Mansvelder Huibert D. , Bruining Hilgo , de Geus Eco , Avramiea Arthur-Ervin , Linkenkaer-Hansen Klaus
Published: September 2024

The concept of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance plays an important role in understanding brain function in health and disease. We recently introduced an algorithm to determine a functional E/I ratio based on the critical brain dynamics that emerge in neuronal networks balancing between order and disorder. Little, however, is known about the frequency specificity of E/I regulation and how to measure it. Here, we optimized the algorithm for measuring functional excitation-inhibition ratio (fE/I) in narrow frequency ranges and validated it on a computational model of critical oscillations and EEG data. In the computational model, we confirmed that fE/I discriminated E/I connectivity differences across a wide range of frequencies (1–150 Hz). Twin EEG data revealed significant genetic influences on fE/I across frequencies, whereas contrasting eyes-open and -closed EEG indicated functional changes of fE/I restricted to a subset of alpha and beta oscillations and brain regions. We propose that assessing fE/I with finer frequency resolution will prove useful for understanding the functional role of E/I regulation in a spectrally refined fashion in health and disease.
Future as Past in Central Asian Gāndhārī
Authors: Giudice Alessandro
Published: September 2024

This paper explores the potential relationship between Aṣṭādhyāyī 3.2.112–114 and the usage of the future tense to denote past actions in Niya Prakrit. According to the interpretation by vyākaraṇa commentators, rule A 3.2.112 teaches that the l-substitutes of lṚṬ (= sigmatic future) occur after a verbal base to denote a past action excluding the present day, provided that there is a co-occurring word conveying the sense of ‘recollection’; the other two rules (A 3.2.113–114) constitute the exceptions to the latter. Specifically addressing A 3.2.112, Thomas Burrow argued that, in six Niya Prakrit occurrences (CKD 182, 309, 376, 435, 621, 634), there is “exactly what is laid down in Pāṇini 3 2 112”. This paper endeavours to demonstrate that such alignment is not entirely accurate, at least according to the traditional interpretation of the rules at stake.
‘God of Gods’
Authors: Barchi Francesco , Peschl Benedikt
Published: September 2024

The Iranian flavour of the Chinese epithet of the Buddha, tianzhong tian 天中天, ‘god among gods,’ and its relationship with the Indo-Aryan parallel devātideva-, ‘foremost god of gods,’ have been repeatedly addressed. Past studies of the origin of the expressions sought to establish an ultimate connection to the Achaemenid royal title ‘king of kings’ (Old Persian xšāyaθiya- xšāyaθiyānām), assuming that the divine epithet was coined based on the royal one. However, the comparative Indo-Iranian evidence speaks for the considerable antiquity of the divine epithet ‘(foremost) god of gods’—Proto-Indo-Iranian *dai̯u̯ānām dai̯u̯a(tama)-, replaced by *bagānām baga(tama-) in Old Iranian—and against its secondary character in relation to ‘king of kings’. The Middle Iranian corpora show a particularly broad usage of ‘god of gods’-like epithets to refer to supreme figures worthy of veneration; the epithet therefore may be considered part of a pan-Iranian religious vocabulary during the first millennium CE. We further make the case that the Buddhist usage of the expression in Middle Iranian languages as well as the appearance of its equivalents in Chinese and Indo-Aryan sources is specifically due to the super-regional influence of a Bactrian prototype, *βαγανο βαγαδαμο.
On the Legitimate Means for Political Action: John Dewey and the Spectator’s View on Politics
Authors: Schuckink Kool Coen
Published: September 2024

As public concern over governmental inaction on climate change grows, it becomes vital to answer the Question of Legitimate Means: what actions can political actors legitimately take to pursue their goals? This paper argues that a particular understanding of the political realm, which I will call the spectator’s view on politics, prevents theorists from confronting this question. Using the philosophy of Noortje Marres, I will demonstrate that the spectator’s view posits a transcendental goal to politics, subordinating any means to the realization of this goal. I will then contrast this view with the political philosophy of John Dewey. Dewey’s approach not only makes it possible to answer the Question of Legitimate Means, but highlights its importance to any democratic project.
Karl Llewellyn as Pragmatist
Authors: Butler Brian E.
Published: September 2024

In this article my aim is to see Karl Llewellyn as a member of the central pragmatist canon. Further, I see Llewellyn not only as a “Legal Pragmatist,” but also as developing a full pragmatist philosophy of law. Reading Llewellyn as a pragmatist would greatly add to an extended understanding of early pragmatism. This would show a strong influence of pragmatic thought within the legal academy.. Second, adding Llewellyn to the pragmatist canon would help show pragmatism in action in the world. Llewellyn might be the central theoretical pragmatist of modern US Law. If, as I believe, pragmatism is a philosophy that depends upon an underlying experimentalist attitude towards philosophizing, given his great influence on US law adding Llewellyn brings a large amount of experimentalist data to the tradition.
Application of enzyme preparations in the treatment of sawdust spent mushrooms substrate by Protaetia brevitarsis larvae
Authors: Wei M. , Li T. , Wen T. , Yi T. , Guo J.
Published: September 2024

With the development of an edible mushroom industry, the efficient recycling and utilization of the by-product, known as spent mushroom substrate (SMS) has attracted wide attention. Sawdust SMS has the highest output and is the most difficult to use. Converting sawdust SMS using Protaetia brevitarsis larvae (PBL) is a recyclable and high-value strategy. However, PBL feeding on different sawdust SMS varies greatly, and even refuse to feed. Therefore, in order to make better use of PBL feeding SMS, realize the recycling of resources. We screened out inoculant for sawdust SMS fermentation from four commercial inoculants by comparing the PBL feed intake, weight gain, and growth condition. Then, exogenous endoglucanase was added to the fermented sample to explore its effect on the feeding and degradation of lignocellulose. The results showed that (1) cellulases was the most suitable for fermenting sawdust SMS, and (2) adding appropriate exogenous endoglucanase during feeding could increase PBL weight gain, activities of cellulases and xylanase in the intestine, and did not affect the degradation of lignocellulose. In short, the best time to use enzyme preparation to speed up the feeding of sawdust SMS is when fermented.
Construction of the Combatant’s Subjectivity: A Comparison of the Soldier’s Experiences in the Canary Islands and Okinawa (1936–1945)
Authors: Rodríguez Marrero Ismael
Published: September 2024

War contexts can always be analysed from multiple perspectives. One of them refers to the study of war experiences. In fact, this question allows us to delve into the collective and individual subjectivities of people who have participated in war from a socio-cultural approach. This work attempts to analyze the construction of the subjectivities of Canarian and Okinawan ex-combatants as a result of their experiences in the Spanish Civil War and the Second World War. This study also contributes to research on this question, which is absent in the historiography dedicated to the study of these geographical spaces with a comparative approach. For this purpose, this research has made use of several testimonies of ex-combatants. Despite being culturally and geographically distant examples, both island scenarios presented evident similarities in their war experiences.
Copra Production at the “End” of the World
Authors: Ramenzoni Victoria
Published: September 2024

Often mentioned only as a brief reference, the port town of Ende was a crucial player in a network connecting Arabic, Chinese, Indian, and Javanese merchants with the trade in valuable commodities from Eastern Indonesia. This article explores the cultural and economic exchanges at the heart of Endenese identity through archival research, historical ecology, oral histories, and ethnography. Known to the Dutch as a pirate and slaving centre, Ende was the most significant force in the Savu Sea until 1907. With the local economy reshaped to produce agricultural staples in the early twentieth century, Ende experienced a minor boom by exporting copra, or dried coconut husks. In this article, I reconstruct the complex commodity dynamics that silently shaped Ende. “Invisibilised” by colonial and Indonesian forces, I identify Ende’s peripheralisation as the deliberate consequence of the consolidation of governance power among outside elites and the disempowerment of local groups. I conclude by showing the value of ethnographic tools in retelling the stories of those who were once at the centre of the world.
Discovery of ≥ 105 Ma continental redbeds in the Qiangtang Block: Implications for the early uplift of central Tibet
Authors: MA AN-LIN , HU XIU-MIAN , GARZANTI EDUARDO , XUE WEI-WEI
Published: September 2024

The Abushan Formation represents the oldest continental redbed deposit overlying Triassic-Jurassic marine strata in the Qiangtang Block. Knowledge of the exact depositional age of the Abushan Formation is important to reconstruct early history of surface uplift in central Tibet. Pollen and magneto-stratigraphy studies from central Qiangtang suggest that the Abushan Formation was deposited during the mid-Cretaceous; however, confirmation through isotopic geochronological data is still required. Here we describe the newly studied Madeng section exposing fluvial Abushan Formation redbeds at the base and felsic volcanic rocks at the top. SIMS U-Pb dating of zircons from one sample of these volcanic rocks yield a weighted mean ²⁰⁶Pb/²³⁸U age of 105.1 ± 0.9 Ma, indicating latest Early Cretaceous (late Albian) deposition of the Abushan Formation. Our data support the Abushan Formation redbeds were deposited in intermontane basins in an intra-plate tectonic setting following the collision, suturing, and amalgamation of the Qiangtang and Lhasa blocks.
A review of the radiolarian faunas in the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Mesotethys Ocean
Authors: LIAO RUO-LAN , LI XIN , CUI XIAO-HUI , ZHANG YI-CHUN
Published: September 2024

The Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau marks the evolution of the Mesotethys Ocean, which has been the subject of considerable debate regarding its opening time, evolutionary pattern, and closing process. This suture zone consists of three ophiolitic mélange zones, with their evolution and relationships far from being fully understood. As an important microfossil in deep-sea sedimentation, radiolarian plays an irreplaceable role in revealing the development timeline of oceanic basins and palaeogeographic reconstructions. This paper is designed to review the existing radiolarian records in the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone with the purpose of constraining the evolution of the Mesotethys Ocean. The radiolarian faunas in the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone suggest that the Mesotethys Ocean must have opened before the Middle Triassic according to the record of Anisian radiolarians. At the same time, the Beila-Nagqu Ocean, a branch of the Mesotethys Ocean, should have already opened. The presence of diverse Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolarians in the Shiquanhe-Namtso mélange zone confirms that the Mesotethys Ocean was still a broad oceanic basin during the Early Cretaceous. Many similar radiolarian assemblages were found in the western section of the Bangong-Nujiang Suture Zone and the Yarlung-Tsangpo Suture Zone, suggesting a connection between the Mesotethys and Neotethys oceans during that time.
The changing impacts of social determinants on youth mental health in Australia
Authors: Baker David G , Wang Mengmeng , Filia Kate M , Teo Shu Mei , Morgan Rikki , Ziou Myriam , McGorry Pat , Browne Vivienne , Gao Caroline X
Published: September 2024

Aims:

Most lifetime mental health disorders begin by age 25 years, and the prevalence among young people has been increasing over recent years. We sought to understand what impact, if any, social determinants have had on this increase through the analysis of an Australian longitudinal dataset (with data from 2007 to 2021).

Methods:

The analysis focused on five social determinants: loneliness and lack of social support, family relationships, participation in education and employment, receipt of government benefits and relative socio-economic status. We analysed cross-sectional changes in self-reported psychological distress between 2007 and 2021 (using the Kessler-10 item; K10 scores) and examined the effects of these five social determinants on psychological distress using weighted linear regression models.

Results:

We identified a significant increase in psychological distress among Australians from 2007 to 2021, with the sharpest rise among those aged 15 to 25 years, who saw more than doubling in the percentage of high and very high K10. This period also saw an increase in the prevalence of social determinants such as loneliness and lack of social support, as well as poor family relationships, particularly in 2021 post COVID-19 pandemic. Regression models suggest loneliness and lack of social support had the most pronounced and increasing impact on psychological distress, followed by poor family relationships.

Discussion:

The observed significant and steady increases in psychological distress and related social determinant factors, particularly loneliness and lack of social support among young people, highlight the urgent need for comprehensive actions. Coordinated research and community-based initiatives are needed to deliver intrapersonal, interpersonal and socially-focused interventions with a holistic approach to support psychosocial wellbeing. Policymakers must adopt a comprehensive shift in political commitment and a whole-of-government approach to address these challenges.
Magnitude and Direction of Interlimb Asymmetry and the Association of Interlimb Asymmetry with Physical Performance in Judo Athletes with Visual Impairment
Authors: Carvalho Raiane , Athayde Marina Saldanha da Silva , Vieira Amilton , Detanico Daniele , Kons Rafael Lima
Published: September 2024

For judo athletes with visual impairments and their coaches, understanding possible muscle adaptations can be challenging. As it is commonplace for these adaptations to include interlimb asymmetry, we analyzed the magnitude and direction of interlimb asymmetry in judo athletes with visual impairments and verified the association of this asymmetry with their unilateral physical performances. Participants were 18 elite judo athletes (10 male, 8 female) with visual impairments. These athletes performed three physical tests: countermovement jump (CMJ), medicine ball throw (MBT), and handgrip strength (HGS), while we conducted unilateral right and left side assessments using the interlimb asymmetry equation for each physical test. Our main results showed that the CMJ and MBT tests presented asymmetry values above 10%; with CMJ significantly higher than HGS ( p = 0.050), and with inconsistencies across the three tests in the direction of interlimb asymmetry (k = −0.22–0.26). Unilateral CMJ (left limb) was negatively correlated with asymmetry (r = −0.51; p = 0.031), and unilateral MBT (right limb) was positively correlated with asymmetry (r = 0.52; p = 0.024). Based on these results, coaches should prioritize regular assessments of interlimb asymmetry using these specific tests. This data can guide the construction of training programs aimed at minimizing asymmetry and enhancing overall physical performance. Continuous monitoring and adjustment of training strategies based on asymmetry findings are crucial for optimizing muscle balance in judo athletes with visual impairments.
Elementary Teachers’ Attributions for Racially Minoritized Students’ Classroom Behaviors
Authors: Pandey Toshna , Sutherland Kevin S. , Cormier Dwayne R. , Gibson Donna M.
Published: September 2024

Disciplinary action towards racially minoritized students compared to their White peers is disproportionate and these actions often result from teachers’ lived experiences, socialized perceptions, or a homogenous teaching workforce consisting of predominantly White middle-class women with limited social interactions with minoritized communities. We used in-depth semi-structured interviews to explore nine elementary teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between race, culture, and behaviors, and their attributions for racially minoritized students’ challenging behaviors. Findings suggest that teachers often attributed minoritized students’ family circumstances, home environment, and race or culture as contributors to problem behaviors.
Is it time to say goodbye to drainage after axillary lymph node dissection in breast cancer? A randomized clinical trial of systemic tranexamic acid combined with topical epinephrine + xylocaine versus conventional drainage
Authors: Yadav Sanjay Kumar , Imran M Mohammed , Sharma Dhananjaya , Tiwari Yogesh , Mishra Arpan , Agarwal Pawan
Published: September 2024

Drainage after axillary lymph node dissection is a major cause of morbidity. We evaluated the outcomes of topical epinephrine with xylocaine + systemic tranexamic acid (EXT) after axillary lymph node dissection. The primary endpoint was the rate of seroma development. This resulted in reduced hospital stay with similar rates of seroma as drainage after axillary lymph node dissection; thereby making it possible to avoid drainage.
Taste Disturbance After Endoscopic Tympanoplasty with Tragal Cartilage Graft and Improvement Strategies
Authors: Huang Yi-Bo , Xu Xin-Da , Lyu Jihan , Wang Yan-Mei , Fu Xiao , Ma Meng-Ye , Chen Binjun , Sun Min-Fang , Ren Dong-Dong
Published: September 2024

Objectives: To explore the risk factors of early postoperative taste disturbance (EPTD) after type I endoscopic tympanoplasty and operative modification strategies to improve taste disturbance. Methods: This was a controlled study. One hundred and twenty-four patients who underwent type I endoscopic tympanoplasty with tragal cartilage graft were separated evenly into control and modified groups. The full-thickness tragus cartilage graft was placed close to the bony annulus to ensure drum integrity in the control group, and in the modified group, the cartilage graft was not in contact with the posterior-superior bony annulus, and the inferior-posterior of the scutum. Univariate and multivariate models were used to analyze the possible factors affecting EPTD and the prognosis of taste recovery. Results: The incidence of EPTD was significantly lower in the modification group (24.19%) than in the control group (56.45%) (OR: 4.24, 95% CI: 1.93-9.33, P < .001). Surgical manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve resulted in a higher incidence of EPTD (OR: 2.43; 95% CI: 1.06-5.57, P = .035). The size of the graft did not affect taste disturbance. No difference in the taste recovery rate was observed between the control and test groups ( Z = −1.57, P = .116) after 3 months. The recovery rate of patients with manipulated chorda tympani nerves was still lower than that of patients without at 3 months ( Z = −2.74, P = .006). Conclusion: Modified surgery and reduced manipulation of the chorda tympani nerve effectively reduce EPTD. Manipulated chorda tympani nerves may have a persistent effect on taste recovery.
You Can’t Be What You Can’t See: The Progression of Women in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
Authors: DeSisto Nicole G. , Sharma Rahul K. , Longino Elizabeth S. , Ortiz Alexandra S. , Kim Leslie R. , Rohde Sarah L. , Yang Shiayin F.
Published: September 2024

Objective: To examine trends in the gender composition of residents and faculty in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery residency programs in the United States and to investigate the correlation between women’s representation in leadership positions and the proportion of women faculty and residents. Methods: A literature review was first performed to analyze trends in the gender composition of residents and faculty in Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery (OHNS) residency programs. Current residency programs were then identified using the Electronic Residency Application Service 2023 Participating Specialties and Programs website. The following data was collected from each program website: gender of associated medical school dean, gender of department chair, gender of residency program director, and total number and gender of fellowship directors, faculty, and residents. Wilcoxon rank sum test and Fischer’s exact test were used to analyze relationships between the number of women in leadership positions and the proportion of women faculty and residents. Results: An increase in the number of women chairs, residency program directors, residents, and faculty over the past decade is documented across published literature. One hundred twenty-three current academic residency programs were identified. Women accounted for 42%, 30%, 27%, and 8% of current residents, residency program directors, faculty, and department chairs, respectively. Department chair gender was significantly correlated with number of women faculty ( P = .01). Any women in a leadership position were correlated with a statistically significant increase in median percent of women faculty ( P = .006). Conclusion: Further understanding of how the mentorship of women promotes gender equity is necessary to promote gender diversity in OHNS.
Does Radiofrequency Radiation From Mobile Phones Affect the Formation of Parotid Gland Malignancy? An Experimental Study
Authors: Ozergin Coskun Zerrin , Tumkaya Levent , Yilmaz Adnan , Dursun Engin , Mercantepe Tolga , Kalkan Yildiray , Ersoz Safak
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The use of mobile phone is increasing around the world. Although it is beneficial in terms of communication, the electromagnetic radiations emitted by mobile phones may cause undesirable biological effects on the human body. In practical use, the tissue with which mobile phones come into most and are closest is the parotid gland. This study investigated the effects of the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field created by a generator on the parotid gland in rats. Methods: A total of 21 Sprague–Dawley Albino rats were included in the study. The rats were randomly divided into three equal groups. To simulate a mobile phone in conversation mode, the first study group was exposed to an 1800-MHz electromagnetic field for 6 hours a day for 30 days, and the second study group was exposed to an 1800-MHz electromagnetic field for 12 hours a day for 30 days. After 30 days, rats were sacrificed, and histopathological and immunohistochemical methods were used to evaluate the effects on the parotid gland. The total antioxidant level and the total oxidant level were measured biochemically in homogenized parotid tissue. Results: Histopathological results showed an increase in degeneration in rats exposed to electromagnetic fields for 6 and 12 hours a day, and immunohistochemical analysis showed an increase in the apoptotic index in both study groups ( P = .001, P < .001). Intranuclear inclusions was observed during histopathological examination performed by electron microscopy. Conclusions: This study observed that the 1800 MHz electromagnetic field caused undesirable adverse histopathological and biochemical effects on the parotid gland of rats. Histopathological and biochemical findings were detected with increasing contact and exposure time. This study will lead to other studies on this topic and contribute to the literature by completing other studies.
A graph convolutional network to improve item recommendation by incorporating bundle-based side-information with multi-level propagations
Authors: Li Daifeng , Zhong Shanshan , Liao Jianbin , Du Ruo , Chen Dingquan , Madden Andrew
Published: September 2024

Side-information, such as bundle, type, or brand, can be used to improve item recommendations. Use of graph convolutional networks (GCN) to calculate embeddings of side-information through user-side-item heterogeneous networks is common in the recommendation domain. However, current GCN-based methods largely ignore the limitations of bundle side-information. This is for two reasons: in some bundles, interaction with users or items is sparse; while in others, contributions of items cannot be estimated accurately due to irrelevant and noisy interactions. To overcome these limitations, we propose Graph Convolutional Network incorporating Bundle-based Side-Information (GCN-BSI). Unlike earlier studies, which model user, item and side-information into a unified graph, this model reduces the negative influence of bundle side-information by splitting the graph into three-level (lower, middle and upper) propagation models and incorporating these models into a unified framework by adopting different propagation strategies at different levels. This framework can make better use of bundle semantic information by iteratively optimising models from lower to upper levels, thereby controlling the quality of propagated information. This refined approach can further improve the performance of item recommendations. In a series of experiments, GCN-BSI was compared with eight state-of-the-art baselines using data from NetEase and SteamGame. GCN-BSI showed a significant improvement. An ablation test and case studies further indicated that the optimised solution was better at capturing user–item correlations from specific side-information. The code and data can be visited at: https://github.com/zhongshsh/GCN-BSI
Antinomic normativity: Negative dialectics, moral skepticism, and the problem of the normative foundations of critique
Authors: de Caux Luiz Philipe
Published: September 2024

This article attempts to determine Adorno’s stance concerning two opposing positions in the relationship between critique and normativity. Although he rejects the demand to account for the normative foundations of critique, his negative dialectics does not fall back on the alternative of skepticism about normativity, of which it is often accused. I illustrate this problem by recovering the skeptical objections advanced by Justin Evans. Next, I turn to the young Hegel’s interpretation of the positive relationship between his speculative dialectics and skepticism to pose the question of what relationship now exists between negative dialectics and skepticism. The answer is outlined based on a reading of Minima Moralia under the interpretative key of the idea of real normative antinomies.
The negative effects of stereotype threat on women’s spatial ability: the moderating role of resilience / Los efectos negativos de la amenaza de estereotipo en las habilidades espaciales de las mujeres: el papel moderador de la resiliencia
Authors: Wang Zhen , Zhao Li , Shan Yiwen , Guan Jian
Published: September 2024

The present research examined the effects of stereotype threat on women’s spatial ability and the moderating role of resilience in China. In two studies ( N = 398), female participants were randomly assigned to the stereotype threat condition or the control condition, followed by a mental rotation test. Results showed that female participants in the stereotype threat condition performed worse than those in the control condition on the spatial performance. Furthermore, resilience moderated the relationship between stereotype threat and participants’ spatial performance. For high-resilience participants, stereotype threat did not impact their performance. However, for low-resilience participants, stereotype threat impaired their performance. We may enhance women’s resilience to combat the negative effects of stereotype threat on their spatial ability in the future.
Painting an inclusive enclosure: Post-racial public art as compensatory cultural strategy in Pittsburgh
Authors: Chandler Curry
Published: September 2024

In this article, I analyze the erasure and eventual replacement of a public mural in the U.S. city of Pittsburgh as an act of gentrification-induced cultural displacement precipitated by tech-led urban development. Due to its role in the mural’s removal, the tech company Duolingo was entangled with public controversy over the erasure in relation to contemporaneous impacts of gentrification in the neighborhood. In response to the controversy, Duolingo embarked on a range of compensatory cultural initiatives, including the commissioning of a replacement artwork. I argue that in replacing the mural, Duolingo employed a representational strategy of “inclusive enclosure” in an effort to compensate for the company’s association with broader effects of gentrification in the neighborhood while simultaneously negotiating tensions around its institutional identity as a “multicultural” language-learning service and “progressive” tech firm. I conceptualize inclusive enclosure as a convergence of aesthetic and discursive appropriations of diversity that seeks to mitigate anxieties over the uneven effects of urban development by eliding their roots in racial, economic, and other forms of inequality. In particular, I assess this case of public art transformation as a visual-representational corollary to post-racial discourses that obfuscate racial inequalities through a superficial celebration of difference.