bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UJI KUALITATIF KANDUNGAN HIDROKUINON PADA TIGA MEREK KRIM PEMUTIH WAJAH DENGAN METODE KROMATOGRAFI LAPIS TIPIS (KLT)
Authors: Meilyda Nadira Ayu , Febriani Alik Kandhita , Balfas Rifqi Ferry
Published: August 2024

Hidrokuinon merupakan golongan fenol yang memiliki sifat larut dalam air. Bahaya penggunaan hidrokuinon dalam kosmetik antara lain menyebabkan okronosis (kulit berbintil seperti pasir, berwarna coklat kebiruan, terasa gatal dan terbakar). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada atau tidaknya kandungan hidrokuinon pada tiga merek krim pemutih wajah yang dijual di media online. Sampel yang diteliti sebanyak 3 krim pemutih wajah yang dijual di media online dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis. Hasil uji kualitatif hidrokuinon dengan reagen FeCl₃ 1%, memperoleh hasil sampel A, B dan C positif hidrokuinon. FeCl₃ merupakan reagen yang umum digunakan untuk uji kualitatif senyawa siklik, sehingga kurang spesifik karena akan menghasilkan uji positif terhadap senyawa yang mengandung siklik. Hasil uji reaksi warna dengan reagen benedict, O-fenantrolin dan hasil uji Kromatografi lapis tipis dengan menggunakan fase gerak metanol P:kloroform P (50:50), menunjukan sampel krim pemutih yang positif mengandung hidrokuinon yaitu sampel A dan C dengan nilai Rf yang mendekati Rf baku Hidrokuinon. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah terdapat 2 sampel positif mengandung hidrokuinon.
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI Escherichia coli EKSTRAK METANOL KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) DENGAN METODE EKSTRAKSI REFLUKS
Authors: Putri Diana , Tutik Tutik , Nofita Nofita , Husein Saddam
Published: August 2024

Diare adalah penyakit yang dapat ditularkan melalui makanan dan minuman yang sebelumnya telah terkontaminasi oleh agen patogen yang dapat menginfeksi usus yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Escherichia coli. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri serta menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak metanol kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dengan menggunakan metode ekstraksi refluks. Kulit bawang merah diekstrak dengan menggunakan metode refluks, ekstrak yang telah diperoleh di uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dengan  konsentrasi ekstrak kulit bawang merah yang digunakan adalah 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%. Dari hasil ekstraksi diperoleh rendemen sebesar 10,6% dan untuk hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli diperoleh konsentrasi 75% dengan rata-rata zona hambat 2,467 mm dan konsentrasi 100% dengan rata-rata zona hambat 2,767 mm  dimana dapat dikategorikan dalam kategori sedang.  Analisis data menggunakan one way ANOVA hasil menunjukan adanya perbedaan bermakna antar setiap kelompok perlakuan P>0,05.
UJI AKTIVITAS Staphylococcus aureus DENGAN PEMBERIAN DAYA HAMBAT CUKA KULIT PISANG KEPOK (Musa-Eumusa-ABB)
Authors: Widelia Putri , Dheaputri Ati , Febriyanto Tedy , RS Sunita , Sitompul Linda
Published: August 2024

Masalah global yang sedang dihadapi pada negara berkembang maupun negara maju, salah satunya adalah efek samping antibiotik. Salah satu penyebab infeksi yaitu bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus bisa menyebabkan keracunan makanan staphylococcus, bakterimia, endokardititis, osteomeilitis hematogen akut, pneumonia, meningitis, abses yang dapat menyebar keseluruh tubuh. Staphylococcus aureus telah mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotik. Maka alternatif yang dilakukan adalah dengan cara menggunakan bahan yang berasal dari alam yaitu dengan memanfaatkan produk kulit pisang kapok menjadi olahan cuka kulit pisang kapok (Musa-Eumusa-ABB).Penelitian ini bertujuan Untuk mengetahui uji daya hambat cuka kulit pisang kapok (Musa-Eumusa-ABB) terhadap bakteri  Staphycoccus aureus. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian True eksperiment laboratorium dengan enam perlakuan. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak empat kali dengan variasi kosentrasi 100%, 75%, 50 % dan 25% dengan tetrasiklin sebagai kontrol positif serta aquades sebagai kontrol negatif. Analisa data dengan menggunakan analisa Anova Statistika. Rata-rata diameter zona hambat pada konsentrasi 100% sebesar 17.25 mm, konsentrasi 75% sebesar 13.5  mm, konsentrasi 50% sebesar 25% mm dan pada konsentrasi 25% tidak terbentuk zona hambat bakteri. Hasilnya diketahui bahwa cuka kulit pisang kepok memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus terlihat dengan adanya zona bening yang dibentuk disekitar cakram. Semakin besar konsentrasi yang digunakan maka semakin besar tingkat efektivitas cuka kulit pisang kepok sebagai antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus, dengan konsentrasi paling efektif yaitu 100%.
Effects of Neuromuscular Exercise on Dynamic Balance, Vertical Jump and Trunk Endurance in Ice Hockey Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kapanşahin Merve , Şevgin Ömer , Safran Ertuğrul
Published: August 2024

This study aims to investigate the impact of a 12-week neuromuscular exercise program on balance, vertical jump, and core endurance parameters in female ice hockey players. Y balance test, vertical jump test and McGill test were used for evaluation of dynamic balance, vertical jump and trunk endurance, respectively. A 12-week training program was conducted on 50 female ice hockey players. The exercise group showed significant differences in anterior and posteromedial balance scores for both right and left (p<0.05), but there was no significant difference in posterolateral scores (p>0.05). The control group didn't show significant improvements in the vertical jump (p>0.05), while the neuromuscular exercise group demonstrated a statistically significant improvement (p<0.05). Trunk extension endurance improved significantly in the control group (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences in trunk flexion and lateral endurance (p>0.05). In contrast, the neuromuscular exercise group significantly improved all trunk endurance values (p<0.05). Neuromuscular exercise training applied to ice hockey players can improve the balance, vertical jump, and trunk endurance parameters. Therefore, the inclusion of neuromuscular exercise programs in the training programs of female ice hockey players can enhance their physical performance and may reduce the risk of injury.
PERKEMBANGAN SISTEM HUKUM DI INDONESIA
Authors: Parlindungan S Gokma Toni
Published: August 2024

In England, law formation is traditional. namely through jurisprudence, because it is too slow and does not keep up with the changes in this modern era, it must quickly be assisted by the formation of law by law, so that law can meet the needs of modern society. Thus, in England the law does not only mean the judge's decision, but the judge's decision is added to the law, added to government (executive) policies based on applicable law, also added to habits that are recognized as good by the court, as well as by other state agencies. So that in Continental Europe the applicable arrangements are laws formed by the legislature. Meanwhile, the laws that are formed are more likely to be close to the interests of the legislature, and it is not uncommon for laws to always be left behind by the community because of the increasingly rapid development of society and times. Jurisprudence is only useful if there is a recht vacuum, where there are no laws or unclear arrangements, the judge is obliged to interpret the law. Islamic law in Indonesia is closer to Common Law than Civil Law, this is because Islamic law originates from God which is inscribed on its adherents, different from rules or laws formed by the legislature which apply to all people in a country.Keywords: Development, Legal System, Indonesia.
Responding to an Energy Crisis: An Assessment of Italy's ‘Solidarity’ Contribution on Surplus Energy Profits
Authors: Donati Filippo
Published: August 2024

Italy, like other Member States, addressed the 2022 energy crisis with a set of measures aimed at impacting retail prices, wholesale prices and extra profits. This article focuses on the Italian extraordinary contribution on profits generated by the price fluctuation caused by the energy crisis, set forth by Art. 37 of Law Decree 21 of 2022. After a description of this windfall tax, the main misalignments it has with the EU legal framework and with the principles stemming from the Italian Constitution will be addressed. The Article then examines the referral made by the Rome Tax Court for a preliminary ruling by the Constitutional Court on the validity of the Italian windfall tax. It concludes with some final remarks on the consequences of taking extraordinary measures by Member States that deviate from the EU legal framework.
The Value of Religious Education in The Novel Cahaya Bening From Jambi By Dr. Oky Pratama
Authors: Rahmah Ulfa Khoiratul , Haris Supratno
Published: August 2024

This research aims to find and describe the problem of the value of religious education as reflected in the novel Cahaya Bening dari Jambi by Dr. OK, Pratama. It is hoped that the results of this research can contribute to the development of literature in general and the sociology of literature in particular. This research method uses qualitative methods and the data source for this research is the novel Cahaya Bening from Jambi. Data collection techniques use library study techniques or documents in the form of novels. Meanwhile, data analysis techniques use descriptive analysis techniques and content analysis. The results of this research are the novel Cahaya Bening from Jambi by Dr. Oky Pratama, this novel contains a lot of religious values ​​related to humans as religious creatures.
Lumbar osteopathic manipulative treatment can improve KOA symptoms: short-term efficacy observation and mechanism analysis
Authors: Du Peiyu , Li Xi , Yin Shilin , Li Wenyi , Sun Xilong , Zhang Zekun , Zhao Jianyong , Shijun Gao , Du Shuangqing , Zhang Di
Published: August 2024

Background

Manipulative treatment can effectively improve knee pain and function, but no previous studies have shown that lumbar osteopathic manipulative treatment can improve knee symptoms. To explore the influence of lumbar manipulation on KOA and analyze its principlerelationship between coronal position of lumbar spine and KOA.

Methods

Patients were divided into OMT group and DT group according to treatment. WOMAC scores were compared between the two groups, and X-ray examinations before and after treatment were performed in OMT group to analyze the imaging changes.

Results

Both OMT group and DT group showed significant improvement in WOMAC score after treatment, and the improvement in OMT group was better than that in DT group. After OMT treatment, cTMI(P = 0.034), mL-SOD (P < 0.001), mΔL-KOD (P = 0.001), LL (P = 0.036), and FTA(P = 0.026) were significantly changed.

Conclusion

Compared with drug therapy, lumbar manipulation can better improve WOMAC scores in KOA patients. It relives symptoms by loosening muscles and correcting small joint disorders to improve local knee alignment.
Purification, structural characterization, and bioactive properties of exopolysaccharides from Saccharomyces cerevisiae HD-01
Authors: Yang Ruoxi , Liu Lina , Gao Dongni , Zhao Dan
Published: August 2024

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs), which show excellent biological activities, like anti-tumor, immune regulation, and anti-oxidation activities, have gained widespread attention. In this study, an EPS-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae HD-01 was identified based on 18S rDNA sequence analysis and an API 20C test. The purified HD-01 EPS was obtained by gel filtration chromatography. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) revealed that it was a heteropolysaccharide composed of α-1 (38.3%), α-1, 2 (17.5%), α-1, 6 (14.8%)-linked mannose and α-1, 2, 3, 6 (24.3%), α-1 (3.3%), β-1, 4 (1.8%)-linked glucose. Chemical composition and elemental analysis indicated the existence of sulfation modifications. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) and an atomic force microscope (AFM) revealed that it exhibited a flaky structure with thorn-like protrusions on the three-dimensional surface. X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed that it was an amorphous non-crystalline substance. HD-01 EPS had great thermostability; probiotic properties; strong antioxidant properties to DPPH, ABTS, and hydroxyl; and good reducing power. The MTT, NO, and neutral red assays demonstrated that it had a great immunomodulatory effect on macrophages RAW264.7. All results suggested that the HD-01 EPS had the potential to be applied in the food and pharmaceutical fields.
Melatonin inhibits bovine viral diarrhea virus replication by ER stress-mediated NF-κB signal pathway and autophagy in MDBK cells
Authors: Zhao Yi-Qing , Wang Xue-Fei , Zhang Jia-Lu , Wu Yi , Wang Jing , Wang Jiu-Feng
Published: August 2024

Bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease (BVD-MD) is a contagious disease in cattle, caused by the bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). This virus continues to spread globally, exerting pressure on both public health and the economy. Despite its impact, there are currently no effective drugs for treating BVDV. This study utilized Madin-Darby bovine kidney (MDBK) cells as a model to investigate the antiviral effects of melatonin against Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (BVDV) and its connection with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Our results show that melatonin can suppress BVDV proliferation in MDBK cells by modulating the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Specifically, melatonin alleviated ER stress, inhibited the activation of IκBα and p65, regulated autophagy, and reduced the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Further, when we treated BVDV-infected cells with the ER stress inducer thapsigargin, it led to significant activation of the NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Conversely, treating the cells with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyric acid reversed these effects. These findings suggest that melatonin exerts its antiviral effects primarily through the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4 of ER stress-mediated NF-κB pathway and autophagy. Overall, our study underscores the potential of melatonin as an effective protective and therapeutic option against BVDV, offering insights into its anti-infective mechanisms.
Development of flexible shifts in control modes and its relationship with academic achievement
Authors: Verma Tripti , Kar Bhoomika R.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Children transition from engaging control reactively as per the demands of a given situation, to using a proactive mode of control as an automatic response in all situations. Yet, it is crucial to study the age at which this transition takes place and to understand the development of the ability of flexible shifts in modes of control.

Methods

To investigate developmental changes in this ability of children and its relationship with school readiness and academic achievement, children in the continuous age groups of 5, 6–8, and 9–11 years performed a cued switching task. The task conditions were manipulated such that in the case of “Proactive Impossible” condition, only reactive control was available; in the case of “Proactive Encouraged” condition, only proactive control was available; and in the case of “Proactive Possible” condition, both proactive and reactive control could be used.

Results

A clear preference for reactive control was evident in 5-year-old children, along with the ability to engage in proactive control when encouraged. Nine to eleven-year-old children favored proactive control as their default mode. However, 6–8-year-olds displayed flexibility in shifting between control modes, compared to the other two age groups. This ability correlated with school readiness and academic achievement.

Discussion

These findings emphasize that 6–8 years of age marks the developmental period for flexible cognitive control, with the benefits of having access to and utilizing both control modes and their relationship with academic achievement.
A multi-objective stochastic optimization model for combined heat and power virtual power plant considering carbon recycling and utilizing
Authors: Zhang Fuqiang , Gong Yichun , Zhang Xiangcheng , Liu Fei , Zhou Qingqing
Published: August 2024

In order to give full play to the energy supply potential of distributed energy resources, this paper studies the scheduling optimization of CHP-VPP. First, the CHP unit and various distributed energy sources are aggregated into VPP. Carbon recycling and utilizing are realized through carbon capture and power-to-gas devices. At the same time, carbon storage and hydrogen storage devices are added to decouple carbon capture and P2G procedures. Then, the risk of VPP real-time scheduling is quantified through uncertainty scenario generation and CVaR. Finally, with the goals of operating cost, carbon emission, and operation risk, a multi-objective stochastic scheduling optimization model of VPP is constructed, and the subjective and objective ensemble weighting method is used to solve the problem. The example results show that the proposed method can boost the wastage of wind and photovoltaic power, and also lower the carbon emissions of VPPs.
Emergy and the rules of emergy accounting applied to calculate transformities for some of the primary, secondary, and tertiary exergy flows of the Geobiosphere
Authors: Campbell Daniel Elliott , Lu Hongfang
Published: August 2024

Emergy is a concept that is important for understanding problems in accounting for the health and integrity of ecological and social systems. Success in the evolutionary competition among systems depends on maximizing the emergy captured by a system that is then fed back to bring in more exergy. For this reason, “emergy” in the form of maximum empower (i.e., maximum emergy flow measured in solar emjoules or sej/unit time) provides a unified, thermodynamically controlled decision criterion by which the behavior of all systems is constrained. The fact that maximum empower and not maximum profit is nature’s decision criterion makes it critical that more people become familiar with emergy evaluations and how to use the results of these analyses in decision-making. A new approach to emergy evaluation is proposed that focuses on developing more accurate assessments of the spatial and temporal emergy accounting required for the creation of products and services. These emergy evaluations include the accumulated past action of exergy in creating key system components such as vegetation biomass and the accumulated knowledge of workers in the economy, which will result in emergy assessments that better reflect the capacity of the products and services to do work in their systems. An analysis of the Geobiosphere is presented as a “white box” model of the secondary and tertiary flows of wind and water in the global system. The key factors identified are the separation of wind into two components: a factor controlling vertical diffusion with transformity of ≈715 sej J−1 and a second transformity governing surface friction of ≈1,215 sej J−1. Also, water systems are fully defined with transformities of 302,900 sej J−1 to 1,440,000 sej J−1 for geostrophic flows. Past emergy analyses show that managers should develop policies that will maximize the empower flowing through their systems. The problem of maximizing the empower captured occurs within the context of a set of forcing functions impinging on a system from the next larger system, and since these forcing functions are always changing, maximum power should not be thought of as a fixed endpoint but rather as a constant state of seeking this goal.
Advancing towards a low-carbon urban future in China: the role of producer services agglomeration
Authors: Zhu Shuyang
Published: August 2024

The reduction of greenhouse gas emissions is a shared challenge encountered by nations worldwide. As China is on its way toward a green economy, it is worth studying whether producer services agglomeration, a key driver of economic transition, can promote low-carbon urban development. Using panel data of 257 cities across China from 2006 to 2019, this paper examines the influence of producer services agglomeration on urban carbon emissions with spatial econometric models. The findings reveal a positive spatial correlation in regional carbon emissions. The agglomeration of producer services notably decreases the intensity of local carbon emissions, yet it appears to have minimal influence on the emissions from adjacent regions. Enhancing energy efficiency and adjusting the industrial structure are two critical mechanisms by which producer services agglomeration reduces urban carbon emissions. This beneficial effect varies with city type, the abatement effect of producer services agglomeration is more pronounced in non-resource-based cities. When considering city size, the carbon reduction potential of producer services agglomeration is not apparent in smaller cities. As city size increases, the emission reduction effect becomes more apparent. However, in mega-cities, this impact is somewhat diminished. Accordingly, this paper proposes exploring methods of coordinated air pollution management across cities, promoting producer services agglomeration in line with market mechanisms, and driving low-carbon urban development in a manner tailored to local conditions.
Detecting centennial changes in the clarity and colour of the Red and Eastern Mediterranean Seas by retracing the “Pola” expeditions
Authors: Heath Jonathan R. , Brewin Robert J. W. , Pitarch Jaime , Raitsos Dionysios E.
Published: August 2024

The world’s oceans and seas are changing rapidly due to several natural and anthropogenic reasons. Among these, the largest and likely most threatening to marine life being the climate crisis and rising sea temperatures. Studying the dominant primary producers of most marine ecosystems, phytoplankton, and their response to these alterations is challenging, yet essential due to the critical role phytoplankton play in both the oceans and wider biosphere. Satellites are a crucial tool used to study phytoplankton but lack the timespan needed to accurately observe abundance patterns in response to climate change. Historical oceanographic data are increasingly being used to understand changes in the abundance of phytoplankton over the last century. Here, we retrace Secchi depth and Forel-Ule colour scale surveys performed during the “Pola” expeditions between 1890-1898 using contemporary satellite data, to assess changes in water colour and clarity (and by extension phytoplankton abundance) in the Red Sea and the Eastern Mediterranean Sea over the past century. The results show a significant greening of both regions investigated as well as a decrease in water clarity. The Red Sea Forel-Ule colour increased by 0.83 (± 0.08) with an average decrease in Secchi depth of 5.07 m (± 0.44). The Forel-Ule colour in the Eastern Mediterranean increased by 0.50 (± 0.07) and the historic Secchi depth readings were an average of 8.85 m (± 0.47) deeper than present day. Changes in Secchi depth between periods were greater than that which may have been caused by differences in the size of the Secchi disk used on the “Pola” expeditions, estimated using traditional Secchi depth theory. There was no clear change in seasonality of phytoplankton abundance and blooms, although winter months saw many of the largest changes in both measured variables. We discuss potential drivers for this change and the challenges and limitations of combining historical and modern datasets of water clarity and colour.
Causes analysis of red tide event in the offshore sea of Rongcheng, Shandong Province, China based on a coupled physical-biological model
Authors: Jiang Wenxin , Liu Changhua , Yang Dezhou , Xu Lingjing , Yin Baoshu
Published: August 2024

The abnormal reduction of kelp production occurred in Rongcheng area of the Yellow Sea in 2021, which is closely related to the red tide. However, the relationship between the red tide event and the hydrodynamic environment remains unclear. In response to these issues, this study established a coupled physical-biological model which coupling the ROMS dynamic model with the RED_TIDE biological model for the Yellow Sea and Bohai Sea region, and discussed driving factors of this red tide. Based on this coupled model, various factors influencing the development of red tide were investigated, with a focus on analyzing the key factors contributing to the occurrence of the red tide event in the northern sea area of the Shandong Peninsula in 2021. The aggregation of dinoflagellate cells triggers red tide events. The distribution characteristics and concentration changes of dinoflagellate cells were studied by designing simulation experiments under different conditions to reflect the contributions of various influencing factors to red tide. According to observation data and simulation experiments, this study explored the effects of factors such as light conditions, tides, Yellow River runoff and wind field on the distribution and concentration of dinoflagellate cells. The variation of wind field can promote the proliferation and aggregation of dinoflagellate cells, serving as key factors in triggering red tide. The occurrence of red tide is a complex ecological phenomenon influenced by multiple factors, necessitating the comprehensive consideration of these factors to more accurately predict and prevent red tide events.
Photosynthetic performance and antioxidant activity of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis are sensitive to phosphorus deficiency in elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhang Di , Sun Jia-Zhen , Fu Ming-Hui , Li Chang-Jun
Published: August 2024

Due to anthropogenic input of nutrients and emissions of greenhouse gases, macroalgae inhabiting coastal areas often experience drastic fluctuations in nutrients and seawater warming. In this work, we investigated the photosynthetic performance and antioxidant response of the commercially important red macroalgae Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis under four different nutrient conditions at 20°C and 23°C. Our results showed that the enrichment of NO3- and PO43- (high concentrations of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), denoted as HNHP) significantly enhanced photosynthesis and growth by up to 42% and 66% for net photosynthesis rate and 83% and 134% for relative growth rate (RGR) under 20°C and 23°C, respectively, compared with natural seawater (low concentrations of N and P, denoted as LNLP). However, enriching only with PO43- (low concentration of N and high concentration of P, denoted as LNHP) or NO3- (high concentration of N and low concentration of P, denoted as HNLP) brought no significant change in RGR. A two-way ANOVA analysis revealed an interaction between nutrient variations and temperature, with elevated temperature intensifying the inhibition observed under HNLP conditions. To further elucidate this interaction, we assessed the damage and recovery processes of the photosynthetic apparatus, along with the antioxidant activities. The increased damage (k) and reduced recovery (r) rates of photosystem II (PSII) in both LNLP and HNLP conditions indicated a heightened susceptibility to photoinhibition in G. lemaneiformis, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation and exacerbated oxidative stress, culminating in decreased photosynthesis and growth rates. At higher temperatures, these phosphorus deficiency-induced inhibitions were amplified, as evidenced by increases in k values and ROS contents, coupled with a decrease in r values. In summary, our data suggest that the photosynthetic performance and growth of G. lemaneiformis are vulnerable to phosphorus deficiency, particularly in the context of future ocean warming. Consequently, phosphorus fertilization during cultivation warrants more attention.
In-situ observations of wave- and current-supported fluid mud dynamics on a hyperturbid macrotidal mudflat
Authors: Li Mingliang , Chen Dezhi , Wu Hao , Tang Jieping , Zhang Yiyi , Luo Feng , Gou Fugang , Gong Xulong , Wang Ya Ping
Published: August 2024

Wave- and current-supported fluid mud on gently sloped continental shelves represents a type of sediment gravity flow capable of rapidly transporting substantial sediment over short periods, significantly contributing to coastal geomorphic evolution. To investigate the dynamics of intertidal fluid mud events, in-situ observations were conducted from May 9 to May 18, 2017, using a seabed tripod system at the lower intertidal flat of the central Jiangsu coast, China. Fluid mud was observed following a medium wind-wave event, with a maximum significant wave height of 0.42 m. The liquefied seabed, loosened by liquefaction, facilitated bed erosion and sediment resuspension. Fluid mud layers, with mean suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) exceeding 10 g/L, periodically formed during high slack tide, early flood, and late ebb phases. These layers varied in thickness from 4 cm to 20 cm and exhibited strong stratification caused by suspended sediment. Fluid mud disappeared when the bottom turbulence kinetic energy exceeded a threshold of 0.00045 m²/s² due to an increase in current velocity. The downslope movement of intertidal fluid mud was estimated using a theoretical buoyancy-friction model and validated by observed offshore-directed velocity jets at 0.1 m above the seabed during high slack tide phases. Additionally, onshore winds favored fluid mud formation during early flood phases, while offshore winds favored it during late ebb phases. These observations suggest that fluid mud can form on intertidal flats under conditions where tidal flows and winds align, contributing to a deeper understanding of the formation mechanisms of shallow gravity flows and the improvement of sediment transport models.
Migration of an intrauterine device to the posterior urethra with stone formation: a case report
Authors: Liu Chuanfeng , Xia Yongqiang , Pang Qingtan , Zhao Zichao , Zhao Jianfang
Published: August 2024

Migration of an intrauterine device (IUD) to the posterior urethra with stone formation has not been previously reported in the literature. A 42-year-old female patient presented to the gynecology clinic with a complaint of “discovered vaginal mass for 2 years, with growth for 5 days.” She was referred to urology on suspicion of IUD migration to the bladder. Physical examination revealed a hard mass palpable on the anterior vaginal wall. Laboratory tests showed normal blood counts, and urinalysis indicated a mild urinary tract infection. Ultrasound and pelvic X-ray indicated IUD migration to the bladder and bladder stones. Cystoscopy revealed that the IUD had migrated to the posterior urethra with stone formation. Holmium laser was used to fragment the stones encasing the IUD’s one arm, and the IUD was successfully removed with grasping forceps. The patient had a urinary catheter placed for 10 days and was followed up for 20 days. During the follow-up, there were no lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) or vaginal leakage. To our knowledge, we report the first case of an IUD migrating through the vesicovaginal space to the posterior urethra. Endoscopic removal of the IUD is feasible and safe. Urologists and gynecologists should not limit their diagnosis to IUD migration to the bladder but should also consider the possibility of urethral migration.
A longitudinal examination of the effect of physical exercise on the emotional states of college students: exploring the sense of coherence as a mediator through a cross-lagged panel analysis
Authors: Cao Yunxia , Luo Lin
Published: August 2024

Purpose

This longitudinal study aimed to investigate the causal relationship between physical exercise and emotional states among university students, focusing on the mediating role of sense of coherence.

Method

A total of 1,215 university students (aged 18–25 years) were recruited and completed questionnaires assessing physical activity (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form), emotional states (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule), and sense of coherence (Sense of Coherence Scale-13) at three time points over a three-month period. Preliminary analyses included independent samples t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations. Cross-lagged panel mediation analysis was conducted using Mplus 8.3, with bootstrapping employed to test indirect effects.

Results

Results indicated that sense of coherence significantly predicted positive affect (β = 0.259–0.369, p < 0.001). Positive affect, in turn, predicted physical exercise (β = 0.083–0.182, p < 0.05), while negative affect also influenced physical exercise (β = −0.096–0.203, p < 0.05). Physical exercise indirectly influenced positive affect through sense of coherence (β = 0.037, p = 0.045), and positive affect indirectly influenced physical exercise through sense of coherence (β = 0.029, p = 0.028). Other indirect effects involving physical exercise, sense of coherence, and negative affect were non-significant.

Conclusion

This study underscores the importance of sense of coherence in promoting emotional well-being among university students and in the reciprocal relationship between physical exercise and positive emotional states. Findings suggest that interventions targeting sense of coherence may enhance the emotional benefits of physical exercise. Future research should explore other potential mediators and moderators of the relationship between physical exercise and emotions and examine the effectiveness of sense of coherence-based interventions on well-being in this population.
Psychometric properties of lift and carry test in assessing people with stroke
Authors: Chen Peiming , Tse Mimi M. Y , Ng Shamay S.M. , Ho Leo C. M. , Kwok Anthony T. C. , Lam Sam C. Y. , Liu Tai Wa , Wong Thomson W. L. , So Billy C. L. , Lai Cynthia Y. Y.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the psychometric properties of the Lift and Carry Test (LCT) time in people with stroke.

Design

Cross-sectional design.

Setting

University based neurorehabilitation laboratory.

Participants

Twenty-four people with stroke and 24 healthy controls.

Outcome measures

Lift and Carry Test (LCT), Fugl-Meyer Assessment of upper extremity and lower extremity, ankle dorsiflexor and plantarflexor muscle strength, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go (TUG) and Community Integration Measure.

Results

The mean LCT time (29.70s) in people with stroke was more than double of that in healthy controls (13.70s). The LCT showed excellent intra-rater, inter-rater and test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.943–1.000]. The LCT times demonstrated a significant negative correlation with the BBS score (rs = −0.771) and significant positive correlations with the TUG times (rs = 0.933). There was no significant correlation between LCT times and FMA score (p > 0.05). An optimal cut-off LCT time of 15.48 s (sensitivity = 95.8%, specificity = 87.5%) was identified to differentiate between people with stroke and healthy controls (area under the curve = 0.957).

Conclusion

LCT is an excellent clinical test for examining advanced functional ability in people with stroke and distinguishing people with stroke from healthy controls.
Surgical outcomes and risk factors for overall mortality in brain arteriovenous malformations patients: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Miron Ioana , Pruna Viorel M. , Visarion Dan M. , Petrescu George E. D. , Gorgan Radu M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are challenging vascular lesions. Extensive follow-up studies are necessary to refine the therapeutic algorithm, and to improve long-term survival in these patients. The aim of the study was to assess surgical outcomes, and to evaluate overall long-term mortality in patients treated for brain AVMs.

Methods

This retrospective single-center study included 191 patients with brain AVMs, admitted between 2012 and 2022. Clinical and angiographical particularities have been analyzed, to identify factors that might influence early outcome and overall long-term mortality.

Results

Out of 79 patients undergoing surgery, 51 had ruptured AVMs with total resection achieved in 68 cases (86.1%). Deep venous drainage was associated with incomplete resection. Female sex, admission modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2, and eloquent location were independent predictors of poor outcomes. Multiple venous drainage was associated with a higher risk of worsened early outcome. Eloquent brain region involvement, conservative treatment, increasing age, admission mRS > 2, and comorbidities significantly decrease survival in brain AVM patients. Patients treated with interventional treatments had significantly better survival than the conservatively managed ones, when adjusting for age and admission mRS.

Conclusion

The study identified female sex, poor neurologic status on admission and eloquence as independent prognostic factors for a negative outcome after surgery. Patients who received interventional treatment had significantly better survival than patients managed conservatively. We recommend employing tailored, proactive management strategies as they significantly enhance long-term survival in brain AVM patients.
Clinicopathological and molecular features of tubo-ovarian carcinosarcomas: a series of 51 cases
Authors: Liang Fan , Shi Yue , Chen Yiqing , Tao Xiang , Ding Jingxin
Published: August 2024

Objective

Tubo-ovarian carcinosarcomas are rare, extremely aggressive malignant tumors that contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous components. Due to the disease’s rarity, developing an effective treatment strategy for ovarian carcinosarcomas has been challenging. A study was conducted to investigate the clinicopathologic and molecular features of this rare disease.

Methods

We enrolled all patients diagnosed with tubo-ovarian carcinosarcomas from January 2007 to December 2022. The clinical and pathological data were gathered from medical records. Kaplan–Meier curves were plotted to calculate OS and PFS. The Log-rank test and Cox regression model were utilized to explore the relationship between clinicopathological parameters and survival. Patients with cancer tissues available had sequencing with a 242-gene panel done to investigate the mutational landscape and signature of the disease.

Results

In total, 65% of the patients were diagnosed with advanced-stage cancer. The median PFS and OS of this cohort were 27 and 40 months, respectively, and there was no significant difference in survival between the homologous and heterologous components of sarcoma. Unexpectedly, staging did not have effects on prognosis. All patients had surgical attempts, and suboptimal debulking status was correlated with poorer PFS and OS. MSI was identified in 0% with low Tumor mutation burden (TMB) indicating a poor response to immunotherapy. Low HER2 expression is controversial, according to previous reports, and gives us limited choices with this rare and aggressive disease. We surprisingly found the homologous recombination deficiency (HRD)-positive status was identified in 64% of OCS, which is significantly higher than UCS and other types of epithelial ovarian cancer. The fact that all patients in our cohort who received olaparib as maintenance therapy had survived over 30 months and two had no evidence of recurrence at the latest follow-up might further validate the role of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) in the management of OCS.

Conclusion

OCS patients seemed to respond to carboplatin/paclitaxel with optimal PFS and OS. Cytoreduction with no residuals proved to be the sole independent prognostic factor. WES should be done to assess the prognosis and assist with the targeted therapy, especially the HRD test, which might help select potential patients who benefit from PARPi.
Supportive care needs, quality of life and social support among elderly colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a longitudinal study
Authors: Lian Siqin , Hou Xijie , Liu Weichen , Li Ming , Chen Guolian , Ling Ying
Published: August 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to examine the changes in supportive care needs, quality of life and social support during different chemotherapy cycles among elderly colorectal cancer patients.

Methods

This prospective longitudinal study recruited 160 elderly colorectal cancer patients using convenience sampling at a hospital in Guangxi between August 2023 and April 2024. To assess supportive care needs, quality of life, and social support, we used a short form of the Supportive Care Needs Survey (SCNS-SF34), a Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-colorectal (FACT-C), and a perceived social support scale (PSSS) prior to chemotherapy, as well as after the first, third, and sixth cycles. Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to validate the changes over time in supportive care needs, quality of life, and social support.

Results

155 participants completed all questionnaire sessions across the six cycles. From pre-chemotherapy until after the sixth cycle of chemotherapy, the extent of physical and daily living requirements among all respondents fluctuated between 47.23% and 88.26%, psychological needs ranged from 60.84% to 97.67%, patient care and support needs ranged from 83.75% to 99.35%, healthcare system and information needs varied from 85.98% to 99.00%, while the level of sexual needs decreased from 1.51% to 0.65%. The mean SCNS-SF34 scores for these participants ranged between 103.81 ± 2.28 and 144.10 ± 1.08. Significant increases over time were seen for all domains of SCNS-SF34 (F=126.99, 347.41, 65.00, 72.34, 160.15, p<0.001), keeping a clear upward trend, except for sexual needs(F=0.712, p=0.546). The mean FACT-T scores dropped from 68.80 ± 1.00 to 51.24 ± 1.40, while the mean PSSS scores dropped from 55.77 ± 0.83 to 43.28 ± 1.05. The scores of FACT-T and PSSS showed statistically significant differences (F=231.21, 112.28, p<0.001), maintaining clear downward trends.

Conclusion

During chemotherapy, elderly colorectal cancer patients continue to require high levels of supportive care, while their quality of life and social support gradually decline. This study offers healthcare practitioners a foundational understanding to identify and address the supportive care needs of elderly colorectal cancer patients across various chemotherapy phases, which facilitates the development of tailored strategies aimed at enhancing patients’ quality of life.
Barleriside A, an aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, ameliorates podocyte injury through inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Li Xiao-Jun , Wang Yan-Ni , Wang Wen-Feng , Nie Xiaoli , Miao Hua , Zhao Ying-Yong
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Increasing evidence shows that hyperactive aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) signalling is involved in renal disease. However, no currently available intervention strategy is effective in halting disease progression by targeting the AHR signalling. Our previous study showed that barleriside A (BSA), a major component of Plantaginis semen, exhibits renoprotective effects.

Methods

In this study, we determined the effects of BSA on AHR expression in 5/6 nephrectomized (NX) rats. We further determined the effect of BSA on AHR, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-ƙB), and the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signalling cascade in zymosan-activated serum (ZAS)-stimulated MPC5 cells.

Results

BSA treatment improved renal function and inhibited intrarenal nuclear AHR protein expression in NX-treated rats. BSA mitigated podocyte lesions and suppressed AHR mRNA and protein expression in ZAS-stimulated MPC5 cells. BSA inhibited inflammation by improving the NF-ƙB and Nrf2 pathways in ZAS-stimulated MPC5 cells. However, BSA did not markedly upregulate the expression of podocyte-specific proteins in the ZAS-mediated MPC5 cells treated with CH223191 or AHR siRNA compared to untreated ZAS-induced MPC5 cells. Similarly, the inhibitory effects of BSA on nuclear NF-ƙB p65, Nrf2, and AHR, as well as cytoplasmic cyclooxygenase-2, heme oxygenase-1, and AHR, were partially abolished in ZAS-induced MPC5 cells treated with CH223191 or AHRsiRNA compared with untreated ZAS-induced MPC5 cells. These results indicated that BSA attenuated the inflammatory response, partly by inhibiting AHR signalling.

Discussion

Both pharmacological and siNRA findings suggested that BSA mitigated podocyte lesions by improving the NF-ƙB and Nrf2 pathways via inhibiting AHR signalling. Therefore, BSA is a high-affinity AHR antagonist that abolishes oxidative stress and inflammation.
Astragalus membranaceus and its monomers treat peritoneal fibrosis and related muscle atrophy through the AR/TGF-β1 pathway
Authors: Sheng Li , Sun Jinyi , Huang Liyan , Yu Manshu , Meng Xiaohui , Shan Yun , Dai Huibo , Wang Funing , Shi Jun , Sheng Meixiao
Published: August 2024

Background: To anticipate the potential molecular mechanism of Astragalus membranaceus (AM) and its monomer, Calycosin, against peritoneal fibrosis (PF) and related muscle atrophy using mRNA-seq, network pharmacology, and serum pharmacochemistry.

Methods: Animal tissues were examined to evaluate a CKD-PF mice model construction. mRNA sequencing was performed to find differential targets. The core target genes of AM against PF were screened through network pharmacology analysis, and CKD-PF mice models were given high- and low-dose AM to verify common genes. Serum pharmacochemistry was conducted to clarify which components of AM can enter the blood circulation, and the selected monomer was further validated through cell experiments for the effect on PF and mesothelial mesenchymal transition (MMT) of peritoneal mesothelial cells (PMCs).

Results: The CKD-PF mice models were successfully constructed. A total of 31,184 genes were detected in the blank and CKD-PF groups, and 228 transcription factors had significant differences between the groups. Combined with network pharmacology analysis, a total of 228 AM-PF-related targets were identified. Androgen receptor (AR) was the remarkable transcription factor involved in regulating transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). AM may be involved in regulating the AR/TGF-β1 signaling pathway and may alleviate peritoneal dialysis-related fibrosis and muscle atrophy in CKD-PF mice. In 3% peritoneal dialysis solution-stimulated HMrSV5 cells, AR expression levels were dramatically reduced, whereas TGF-β1/p-smads expression levels were considerably increased.

Conclusion: AM could ameliorate PF and related muscle atrophy via the co-target AR and modulated AR/TGF-β1 pathway. Calycosin, a monomer of AM, could partially reverse PMC MMT via the AR/TGF-β1/smads pathway. This study explored the traditional Chinese medicine theory of “same treatment for different diseases,” and supplied the pharmacological evidence of “AM can treat flaccidity syndrome.”