bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Errors and improvements in the use of archived meteorological data for chemical transport modeling
Authors: Yu Karen , Keller Christoph A. , Jacob Daniel J. , Molod Andrea M. , Eastham Sebastian D. , Long Michael S.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Global simulations of atmospheric chemistry are generally conducted with off-line chemical transport models (CTMs) driven by archived meteorological data from general circulation models (GCMs). The off-line approach has advantages of simplicity and expediency, but incurs errors due, in part, to temporal averaging in the meteorological archive and the inability to reproduce the GCM transport algorithms exactly. The CTM simulation is also often conducted at coarser grid resolution than the parent GCM. Here we investigate this cascade of CTM errors by using 222Rn-210Pb-7Be chemical tracer simulations off-line in the GEOS-Chem CTM at rectilinear 0.25° x 0.3125° (≈ 25 km) and 2° x 2.5° (≈ 200 km) resolutions, and on-line in the parent GEOS-5 GCM at cubed-sphere c360 (≈ 25 km) and c48 (≈ 200 km) horizontal resolutions. The c360 GEOS-5 GCM meteorological archive, updated every 3 hours and remapped to 0.25° x 0.3125°, is the standard operational product generated by the NASA Global Modeling and Assimilation Office (GMAO) and used as input by GEOS-Chem. We find that the GEOS-Chem 222Rn simulation at native 0.25° x 0.3125° resolution is affected by vertical transport errors of up to 20 % relative to the GEOS-5 c360 on-line simulation, in part due to loss of transient organized vertical motions in the GCM (resolved convection) that are temporally averaged out in the 3-hour meteorological archive. There is also significant error caused by operational remapping of the meteorological archive from cubed-sphere to rectilinear grid. Decreasing the GEOS-Chem resolution from 0.25° x 0.3125° to 2° x 2.5° induces further weakening of vertical transport as transient vertical motions are averaged out spatially as well as temporally. The resulting 222Rn concentrations simulated by the coarse-resolution GEOS-Chem are overestimated by up to 40 % in surface air relative to the on-line c360 simulations, and underestimated by up to 40 % in the upper troposphere, while the tropospheric lifetimes of 210Pb and 7Be against aerosol deposition are affected by 5–10 %. The lost vertical transport in the coarse-resolution GEOS-Chem simulation can be partly restored by re-computing the convective mass fluxes at the appropriate resolution to replace the archived convective mass fluxes, and by correcting for bias in spatial averaging of boundary layer mixing depths.
Monthly streamflow forecasting at varying spatial scales in the
Rhine basin
Authors: Schick Simon , Rössler Ole , Weingartner Rolf
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Model output statistics (MOS) methods empirically relate an environmental variable of interest to predictions from general circulation models (GCMs). This variable often belongs to a spatial scale not resolved by the GCM. Here, using the linear model fitted by least squares, we regress monthly mean streamflow of the Rhine River at Lobith and Basel against seasonal predictions of precipitation, surface air temperature, and runoff from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. To address potential effects of a scale mismatch between the GCM's horizontal grid resolution and the hydrological application, the MOS method is further tested with an experiment conducted at the subcatchment scale. This experiment applies the MOS method to 133 additional gauging stations located within the Rhine basin and combines the forecasts from the subcatchments to predict streamflow at Lobith and Basel. In so doing, the MOS method is tested for catchments areas covering four orders of magnitude. Using data from the period 1981–2011, the results show that skill, with respect to climatology, is restricted to the first month ahead. This result holds for both the predictor combination that mimics the initial conditions and the predictor combinations that additionally include the dynamical seasonal predictions. The latter, however, reduces the mean absolute error of the former in the range of 5 to 11 percent, which is consistently reproduced at the subcatchment scale. The results further indicate that bias corrected runoff from the H-TESSEL land surface model is an interesting option when it comes to seasonal streamflow forecasting in large river basins.
A new method for post-processing daily sub-seasonal to seasonal rainfall forecasts from GCMs and evaluation for 12 Australian catchments
Authors: Schepen Andrew , Zhao Tongtiegang , Wang Quan J. , Robertson David E.
Published: July 2017

Abstract. Rainfall forecasts are an integral part of hydrological forecasting systems at sub-seasonal to seasonal time scales. In seasonal forecasting, global climate models (GCMs) are now the go-to source for rainfall forecasts. However, for hydrological applications, GCM forecasts are often biased and unreliable in uncertainty spread, and therefore calibration is required before use. There are sophisticated statistical techniques for calibrating monthly and seasonal aggregations of the forecasts. However, calibration of seasonal forecasts at the daily time step typically uses very simple statistical methods or climate analogue methods. These methods generally lack the sophistication to achieve unbiased, reliable and coherent forecasts of daily amounts and seasonal accumulated totals. In this study, we propose and evaluate a Rainfall Post-Processing method for Seasonal forecasts (RPP-S) based on the Bayesian joint probability approach for calibrating daily forecasts and the Schaake Shuffle approach for connecting the daily ensemble members of different lead times. We apply the method to post-process ACCESS-S forecasts for 12 perennial and ephemeral catchments across Australia and for 12 initialisation dates. RPP-S significantly reduces bias in raw forecasts and improves both skill and reliability. RPP-S forecasts are more skilful and reliable than forecasts derived from ACCESS-S forecasts that have been post-processed using quantile mapping, especially for monthly and seasonal accumulations. Several opportunities to improve the robustness and skill of RPP-S are identified. The new RPP-S post-processed forecasts will be used in ensemble sub-seasonal to seasonal streamflow applications.
Symbiotic Space: Exploring the Nexus of Rigor, Problems of Practice and Implementation
Authors: Kochhar-Bryant Carol A.
Published: July 2017

Across the United States, doctoral programs in education are in deep reflection about their purpose, content, and expected outcomes for graduates. Many are in the throes of redesign and testing to better differentiate between two pathways to the doctorate—one for scholars preparing for research and academic roles and one for scholar-practitioners who wish to focus on problems of practice and implementation. This paper explores a major source of challenge among faculty as they engineer both research-oriented and practitioner-oriented degrees, and that is the interconnections among the constructs of rigor, problems of practice, and implementation.  The paper examines the tension between the “gold standard” of random assignment studies and causal inferences, and the more recent frames of inquiry in which research is translated to practice through shared pathways that engage multiple stakeholders. Several questions are explored: Are “rigor” and “relevance” opposing constructs? What is rigor and should there be a new standard for scholars navigating within a symbiotic space – the arena in which they seek to impact highly complex social problems within authentic field-based settings? Is rigor subjective, or can it be measured? These questions are examined within the context of implementation science and through the lens of the lived experience of Education faculty who find themselves in a creative crucible as they navigate the redesign process.
Four Ways to Expand the Foundation for CPED's Social Justice Framework
Authors: Arrows Four
Published: July 2017

This article offers recommendations for deepening and expanding the important ideas about social justice that are presented in the current CPED social justice framework for the EdD. One suggestion is to better articulate the fact that social justice is ultimately inseparable from ecological justice, sustainability and diversity. I also argue that it is best if the proposed framework’s reference to the knowledge economy include awareness of the possibility that it can be as destructive as a material-based one. Although the framework report does mention community as a target for social/ecological justice, sustainability and diversity (SEJSD), it tends to focus primarily on its application in education settings. This paper emphasizes a greater expansion of SEJSD into the world of social/ecological justice education. Finally, I suggest a foundation for CPED’s framework that includes “project-based learning” whereby work on the EdD program’s final project, whether a capstone or dissertation, start “from day one” and be the focal point for all coursework. Such a process, common in most International doctoral programs, will assure SEJSD and mastery of a chosen topic area are at the highest level of interdisciplinary and will help encourage the kind of praxis in the real world the EdD should require, especially in the Trumpian era we entered on January 20, 2017.
Design-Based School Improvement: A Practical Guide for Educational Leaders
Authors: Hesbol Kristina
Published: July 2017

Design-Based School Improvement offers a unique alternative to traditional school improvement literature by introducing design thinking to the school improvement process. This book is an exceptional and practical guide for educational leaders whose goals center on generating equity-informed solutions to persistent problems of practice. This innovative process frames a conversation differently about leading improvement, not only change, in today’s schools. Grounded in organizational change research, the book is a welcome roadmap for a systemic improvement process that engages a variety of constituents. It challenges leadership teams to identify “wicked” and persistent problems of practice, those with potential for resolution within a specific timeframe. Anyone who has engaged in the implementation of a paradigmatically different process would attest to that being easier said than done. Mintrop’s groundbreaking approach provides concrete support for transformative leaders who want to use such a significant and innovative approach to improve schools, addressing the core challenges of equity and resulting in improved learning outcomes for every student.
3-D Printed Guns: A Developing Technology with Dangerous Potential
Authors: Danielczyk Jonathan
Published: July 2017

As an up-and-coming technology, the full potential of 3-D printing has yet to be realized, and its movement toward at-home consumers may cause problems that still remain undiscovered. Paired with the inconsistencies between various state and federal laws, the continued development of 3-D printed weapons could pose a major threat to our nation’s security. Left untouched, current trends could allow for the issue of untraceable weapons to spiral out of control and beyond repair. 3-D printing is undoubtedly one of the world’s most revolutionary technologies, but it could become one of the world’s most dangerous if left without limits.
Just Who Is John Galt, Anyway? A Carnivalesque Approach toAtlas Shrugged
Authors: Duncan Charles
Published: July 2017

Based on a paper delivered at a conference devoted to carnivalesque studies, this article focuses attention on Rand's masterwork, Atlas Shrugged. By utilizing the carnivalesque techniques of Menippean satire and the “dialogic” interplay of narrative voices, with trickster-heroes as the agents of social change, the author argues that Rand ruthlessly deconstructs the logic of command economies and models a society turned, as Bakhtin would say, “topsy turvy” in favor of pure free enterprise. In doing so, she also contests the political boundaries of a stereotypically left-wing genre whose scholars are also typically Marxian.
The Beneficiary Statement and Beyond
Authors: Jetton Merlin
Published: July 2017

The beneficiary statement refers to a passage in the Introduction of The Virtue of Selfishness. It concerns who the beneficiary of an action should be and any breach between actor and beneficiary. This article critiques said passage and shows how rational self-interest extends beyond the actor's self-interest more narrowly conceived. It critiques the Trader Principle and shows further how trade extends rational self-interest beyond the actor's self-interest more narrowly conceived. It shows how the virtue of independence does not imply that all dependence is a vice. Dependence in collaborative action even extends to the virtue of productiveness.
Ultimate Value: Self-Contradictory
Authors: Hartford Robert
Published: July 2017

Ever since Ayn Rand's groundbreaking analysis of life and value, and her formulation of the Objectivist ethics, controversy has been generated over the relation between the “choice to live” and the status of life as the “ultimate value.” The author argues that the concept “Value” should be modified to denote “that which [an organism] acts to gain and/or keep” that serves as the means to a further end. Deeper analysis shows that the term “ultimate value” is self-contradictory and has been detrimental to the study of the foundations of the Objectivist ethical theory.
Debunking Ecofundamentalism
Authors: Gissurarson Hannes H.
Published: July 2017

Rögnvaldur Hannesson, an international authority on natural resource management, has written a well-argued book against ecofundamentalism, which, for him, puts nature before man. He cogently discusses the problems of applying notions of sustainability and biodiversity to the human condition and suggests that in the foreseeable future fossil fuels should still be utilized as energy sources. Hannesson regards models of global warming as scientific but as too uncertain for mankind to radically alter its ways of life. But he does not distinguish clearly between reasonable environmentalists and the real ecofundamentalists who disguise conflicts between themselves and others as conflicts between man and nature.
Reply to Roger E. Bissell: Thinking Volition
Authors: Jetton Merlin
Published: July 2017

The author agrees with much of Roger E. Bissell's critique of the Objectivist idea of volition (in his July 2015 essay, “Where There's a Will, There's a ‘Why’: A Critique of the Objectivist Theory of Volition”), especially as expressed by Leonard Peikoff. On the other hand, the author believes Bissell's reform of the Objectivist conception is at best minimal and it lacks attention to thinking as an integral part of volition.
The Geopolitical Economy of the Global Internet Infrastructure
Authors: Winseck Dwayne
Published: July 2017

According to many observers, economic globalization and the liberalization of telecoms/internet policy have remade the world in the image of the United States. The dominant roles of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google have also led to charges of US internet imperialism. This article, however, argues that while these internet giants dominate some of the most popular internet services, the ownership and control of core elements of the internet infrastructure—submarine cables, internet exchange points, autonomous system numbers, datacenters, and so on—are tilting increasingly toward the EU and BRICS (i.e., Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) countries and the rest of the world, complicating views of hegemonic US control of the internet and what Susan Strange calls the knowledge structure.
TENDÊNCIA CLIMATOLÓGICA NOS ELEMENTOS METEOROLÓGICOS E NA EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA DE URUSSANGA-SC (CLIMATOLOGICAL TRENDS IN WEATHER ELEMENTS AND IN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION SERIES OF URUSSANGA, SANTA CATARINA STATE)
Authors: Denski Ana Paula Nola , Back Álvaro José
Published: July 2017

A evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) é um fenômeno mundialmente estudado por ser um importante parâmetro utilizado em estudos meteorológicos, climatológicos e hidrológicos. Nestes estudos os cálculos de evapotranspiração são realizados com base nas séries climatológicas de longo período e sua aplicação supõe que estas séries não apresentem tendências. Com o aquecimento global e as modificações climáticas alguns estudos tem demostrado tendência de aumento ou de redução na evapotranspiração nas últimas décadas. O presente estudo tem por objetivo calcular a evapotranspiração de referencia diária de Urussanga e avaliar se há tendências nas séries climatológicas usadas nestas estimativas bem como nas estimativas da evapotranspiração de referência. Foram usados os dados diários do período de 01/10/1980 a 31/112/2013 da estação meteorológica de Urussanga, SC. Foram usadas as séries de dados de temperatura máxima, temperatura média, temperatura mínima do ar, umidade relativa, velocidade do vento e insolação. A evapotranspiração diária foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith. Para avaliar a tendência das séries foi usado o teste de Mann-Kendall e para avaliar a magnitude da tendência foi usado o teste de Theil-Sen. Foi observada a tendência de aumento na série de temperatura média anual, com aumento de 0,0174 °C.ano-1, e também tendência de diminuição da velocidade do vento no mês de julho. Nas demais séries climáticas bem como nas séries de evapotranspiração não foram constatadas tendências significativas
ADERÊNCIA DE DISTRIBUIÇÕES DE PROBABILIDADES AOS DADOS DE EVAPOTRANSPIRAÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIA DECENDIAL (GRIB'S DISTRIBUITION PROBABILITIES OF EVAPOTRANSPIRATION DATA TO DECENDIAL REFERENCE)
Authors: Denski Ana Paula Nola , Back Álvaro José
Published: July 2017

A evapotranspiração de referência (ET0), definida para uma superfície de referência, é um fenômeno mundialmente estudado por ser um importante parâmetro utilizado em estudos meteorológicos, climatológicos e hidrológicos Os fatores meteorológico-climáticos que afetam a ET0 são: o saldo de radiação, a temperatura do ar, a umidade do ar e a velocidade do vento. O trabalho foi desenvolvido a partir dos dados diários de temperatura máxima, temperatura mínima, insolação, umidade relativa e velocidade do vento do período de 01 de outubro de 1980 a 31 de dezembro de 2013. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a aderência de diferentes distribuições de probabilidade aos dados de evapotranspiração de referência (ET0) decendial para Urussanga, SC. Para a estimativa dos valores de ET0 decendial com probabilidades de ocorrência de 5 a 95% foram testadas seis funções densidade de probabilidade: Beta, Normal, Log-Normal MV, Log-Normal MM, Gama MV e Gama MM. Para os valores de ET0 decendial observou-se que as seis distribuições de frequência analisadas ajustaram-se adequadamente as frequências observadas de evapotranspiração de referência, possuindo valor de Dmáx inferiores ao Dcrit. No entanto, a distribuição Beta teve melhor aderência que as demais distribuições.
USO DOS ÍNDICES PCP E PCD NA DETERMINAÇÃO DE REGIÕES COM PRECIPITAÇÃO PLUVIAL HOMOGÊNEA (THE USE OF PCP AND PCD INDICES TO DETERMINING PRECIPITATION HOMOGENEOUS AREAS)
Authors: Araújo Jurema Maria Silva , Maia Adelena Gonçalves , Neves Josemir Araújo
Published: July 2017

Os resultados dos estudos de delimitação de áreas homogêneas de precipitação têm sido utilizados no planejamento das atividades econômicas, possibilitando o uso mais eficiente e racional dos recursos hídricos e também em regiões com dados de precipitação escassos. O objetivo desta pesquisa é determinar áreas homogêneas em termos do regime de precipitação no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Foram utilizadas duas técnicas de agrupamento: a hierárquica de Ward e a não hierárquica de k-means. Verificou-se que a precipitação anual média e os índices PCP e PCD foi o conjunto de variáveis mais adequado para determinar os quatro grupos homogêneos. O grupo identificado na região leste do estado é caracterizado como a região de maior precipitação anual, melhor distribuição desta precipitação e concentração de mesma no mês de maio. Se dirigindo para o oeste do estado foi identificada uma região com período de maior precipitação adiantado para o início de maio, menor precipitação anual e uma maior concentração da precipitação. Na região central do estado o grupo identificado é caracterizado por apresentar uma elevada concentração da precipitação e um adiantamento das chuvas para o período do mês de abril, além de ser a região com menor precipitação anual. Na região oeste do estado as chuvas são adiantadas para o final de março, a região apresenta a pior distribuição da precipitação no estado e as precipitações anuais nesta região são mais elevadas do que na região central.
A INFLUÊNCIA DOS FATORES GEOECOLÓGICOS E GEOURBANOS NO CLIMA URBANO DE IPORÁ-GO: UMA ANÁLISE A PARTIR DOS MÉTODOS DE CORRELAÇÃO E REGRESSÃO LINEAR (THE INFLUENCE OF FACTORS AND GEOECOLOGICAL GEOURBANOS IN THE URBAN CLIMATE IN IPORÁ-GO: AN ANALYSIS FROM THE CORRELATION METHODS AND LINEAR REGRESSION)
Authors: Alves Washington Silva , Mariano Zilda De Fátima
Published: July 2017

O objetivo desse trabalho consistiu em analisar a influência dos fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos no padrão da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá-GO, por meio dos métodos estatísticos de correlação e regressão linear. Os fundamentos teóricos e metodológicos pautaram-se no sistema clima urbano de Monteiro (2003), com ênfase no subsistema termodinâmico. Os fatores geoecológicos (hipsometria, exposição de vertente, vegetação urbana e hidrografia) e geourbanos (densidade de construção e o uso do solo urbano), foram georreferenciado com auxílio dos softwares ArcGis 9.0, Spring 5.3 e Surfer 9.0. Os dados de temperatura do ar foram coletados entre outubro de 2012 e outubro de 2013, em intervalos de 30 minutos, com termohigrômetros (modelo HT-500) e estações meteorológicas automáticas distribuídos em seis pontos da área urbana e rural de Iporá. Posteriormente, os dados foram organizados em planilhas de cálculos para análise estatística. Os resultados demonstraram que os fatores geoecológicos e geourbanos citados foram decisivos na variação espacial da temperatura do ar máxima e mínima absoluta em Iporá.
DETERMINAÇÃO DE CURVA INTENSIDADE-DURAÇÃO-FREQUÊNCIA POR MEIO DO EMPREGO DO MÉTODO PARAMÉTRICO DE AJUSTAMENTO DE OBSERVAÇÕES (DEVELOPING RAINFALL INTENSITY–DURATION–FREQUENCY RELATIONSHIP WITH PARAMETRIC ADJUSTMENT MODEL)
Authors: Bielenki Jr Claudio , Brabassa Ademir Paceli , De Miranda Renato Billia , Mauad Frederico Fábio
Published: July 2017

A precipitação é um parâmetro muito importante em estudos hidrológicos para a modelagem matemática e computacional para o dimensionamento das precipitações de projeto em obras de engenharia. Apesar desta importância, não são todas as regiões que dispõem de rede de monitoramento para registros pluviográficos e quando existente, em muitos casos, apresentam séries de dados inconsistentes. Para a caracterização de um evento pluviométrico é necessário conhecer a sua duração, intensidade e frequência (curva Intensidade-Duração-Frequência – IDF). Neste artigo foi proposto o estabelecimento da relação IDF, a partir da desagregação de dados diários de chuva, e ajustadas por meio do método paramétrico de ajustamento de observações, que é geralmente empregado em ajustes geodésicos, e se baseia no método dos mínimos quadrados. Os erros médios quadráticos entre os valores de intensidade ajustadas e observadas para o local de estudo foram relativamente baixos demonstrando a qualidade dos ajustamentos realizados. O método paramétrico de ajustamento se mostrou adequado para as simulações realizadas, além de facilitar a obtenção de parâmetros ajustados para as curvas IDF. Com base nos resultados obtidos, acredita-se também que esta metodologia pode ser empregada em outros locais.
ANÁLISE DA APLICABILIDADE DE MÉTODOS ESTATÍSTICOS PARA PREENCHIMENTO DE FALHAS EM DADOS METEOROLÓGICOS (ANALYSIS METHODS OF APPLICATION FOR STATISTICAL DATA IN METEOROLOGY)
Authors: Ventura Thiago Meirelles , Santana Luy Lucas Ribeiro , Martins Claudia Aparecida , De Figueiredo Josiel Maimone
Published: July 2017

Os dados meteorológicos são de grande importância para os estudos científicos, pois auxiliam na tomada de decisões em diferentes áreas do conhecimento. As estações automáticas realizam o trabalho de captar esses dados, porém, problemas podem ocorrer nos instrumentos causando falhas nas séries de dados e inutilizando um período ou até mesmo toda a série. Visto que a análise desses dados é prejudicada com esse problema, as falhas devem ser tratadas para garantir uma maior qualidade na obtenção das informações. Este trabalho visa comparar métodos estatísticos de preenchimentos de falhas e verificar qual método possui melhores resultados no preenchimento de falhas em séries de dados meteorológicas. Falhas foram simuladas em séries de dados reais e o desempenho de quatro métodos foram comparados: média simples, média móvel, regressão linear simples e regressão linear múltipla. Para verificar os resultados obtidos, foram usados o erro médio absoluto e o coeficiente de correlação. Os resultados mostraram ótimo desempenho do método de regressão linear múltipla para as variáveis de temperatura, umidade e ponto de orvalho, enquanto que a média simples teve o melhor resultado para a variável de pressão atmosférica. Nenhum dos quatro métodos obteve bons resultados para a variável de radiação solar.
O CLIMA EM TRANSE: POLÍTICAS DE MITIGAÇÃO E ADAPTAÇÃO NO BRASIL (CLIMATE IN TRANCE: MITIGATION AND ADAPTATION POLICIES IN BRAZIL)
Authors: Rodrigues Filho Saulo , Lindoso Diogo Pereira , Bursztyn Marcel , Nascimento Carolina Gomes
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo destaca como evoluiu, desde sua origem, a agenda climática no Brasil e na arena internacional, demonstrando o enfoque historicamente voltado para ações de mitigação, em detrimento daquelas relacionadas à adaptação. Procura-se ainda demonstrar como os sistemas ambientais, sociais e políticos se relacionam para se avaliar de forma adequada a vulnerabilidade da população frente às mudanças climáticas, considerando a estreita relação entre qualidade ambiental e qualidade de vida. De fato, a severidade dos impactos não depende somente do fenômeno climático em si (fator de exposição), mas também da sensibilidade e da capacidade adaptativa dos sistemas sociais atingidos, esta última muito dependente de políticas públicas adequadas à realidade socioeconômica e ambiental do país.
O CLIMA URBANO EM TEODORO SAMPAIO/SP: EPISÓDIOS DE VERÃO
Authors: Viana Simone Menotti , Amorim Margarete Cristiane De Costa Trindade
Published: July 2017

As cidades, ao se desenvolverem, assumem o papel de agente modificador do meio natural. Dentre todas as transformações ocorridas no ambiente urbano, uma que merece especial atenção é a modificação dos elementos do clima. Este trabalho visou compreender até que ponto o tamanho de uma cidade pode comprometer as condições climáticas e gerar um clima urbano especifico. O objetivo princiapl foi verificar as diferenças existentes entre a temperatura, a umidade relativa e a direção do vento em pontos com uso e ocupação dos olo diferenciados. Assim, foram realizadas leituras simultâneas dos psicrômetros em sete pontos, sendo seis inseridos na malha urbana e um na área rural próxima, ás 7h, 9h, 15h e 21h, por 13 dias de Janeiro de 2005, dias representativos do verão - quente e chuvoso. Esta pesquisa concluiu que Teodoro Sampaio, com 15.922 habitantes na área urbana, apresenta caracteristicas de um clima específico e, durante os dias representativos de verão, ficou comprovada a formação de ilhas de calor e de frescor.
NORMAS PARA PUBLICAÇÃO
Authors: ABClima Editor da Revista da
Published: July 2017

Normas para Publicação
Constructing an Online MCAT Preparation Program as an Alternative to On-Site Preparation for Medical School
Authors: Navarre Berengaria , Perez Norma A. , Smith Sarah Toombs
Published: July 2017

Based on a successful five-week summer program, we constructed an online alternative to prepare Hispanic students to take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). We used input from student premed advisors, students, a faculty mentor, a Verbal Reasoning coach, and the program administrator. Online activities were provided to support the student commitment of 10-12 hours per week for 12 weeks. We included didactic material, an online community, individual coaching, daily announcements, and structured activities to maintain student interest throughout the 12-week program. This case study may provide guidelines on the elements necessary to a successful online program.
Монгол улсад төвлөрлийг сааруулах асуудал
Authors: Л Энхтайван , Л Ариунаа
Published: July 2017

No Mongolian AbstractIn general decentralization is connected with the transfer of responsibilities for planning, management, resource raising and allocation from the central government to the lower levels of government. In particular fiscal decentralization means that local authorities become responsible for the expenditure and revenue assignment. From the economic and political science perspectives fiscal decentralization will improve resource allocation and accountability, which results in an efficient and effective supply of public goods and support private markets.In last decade Mongolia has introduced a number of decentralization measures, which followed a top dawn approach and were slowly implemented without any integrated decentralization strategy. Currently Mongolia is a de-concentrated state with fiscal centralization. The local governments are still far away from having the political, administrative and fiscal autonomy to manage their own affairs.
Хар мод /larix sibirica ldb./-ны мөчрийн боомын нян /bacillus anthracis/-гийн эсрэг идэвхит нэгдлийн судалгаа
Authors: П Эрдэнэбаатар , Ж Батхүү , Д Ганболд , Ш Оюунцэцэг , Д Отгонбаатар , Д Цэрэнноров , Г Одонтуяа
Published: July 2017

No Mongolian AbstractThe methanol extract and its water nonsoluble fraction of the stem of Larix sibirica Ldb. exhibited a good inhibition activity against M.luteus strain and anthrax causal pathogen B.anthracis 90, 120, 147, 178 by the disc diffusion method. Activity-guided isolation of the water nonsoluble resin fraction led to the isolation of isopimaric acid which molecular structure was determined by 1H, 13C NMR spectroscopy and MS methods. Isopimaric acid exhibited a potential activity against M.luteus bacterial strain (9.5 mm) and B.anthracis 90 –17 mm, 120–15 mm, 147–15 mm, 178–17 mm, respectively.
Taxonomy, systematics and biology of the Australian halotolerant wolf spider genus Tetralycosa (Araneae: Lycosidae: Artoriinae)
Authors: Framenau Volker W. , Hudson Peter
Published: July 2017

The Australian wolf spider genus Tftralycosa Roewer, 1960, with Lycosa meracula Simon, 1909 (junior synonym of Lycosa oraria L. Koch, 1877) as type species, is revised to include 13 species, eight of which are described as new here: Tetralycosa adarca sp. nov., T. alteripa (McKay, 1976), T. arabanae Framenau, Gotch & Austin, 2006, T. baudinettei sp. nov., T. caudex sp. nov., T. eyrei (Hickman, 1944), T. floundersi sp. nov., T. halophila sp. nov., T. oraria (L. Koch, 1876), T. orariola sp. nov., T. williamsi sp. nov., T. wundurra (McKay, 1979) comb. nov. and T. rebecca sp. nov. Members of Tetralycosa are halotolerant, exclusively inhabiting saline environments such as coastal beaches, and mound springs, clay pans and salt lakes in the Australian interior. A phylogenetic analysis of the genus identified a monophyletic clade of eight species that live permanently on the barren surface of salt lakes suggesting a single radiation into this extremely inhospitable habitat. Some of these Tetralycosa species are currently known from single salt lakes only and with increasing disturbances of these systems by mining, agriculture and recreational use, research effort should be increased to study their ecology and conservation status.
Metodología para evaluar la vitalidad de un barrio; La enseñanza de estrategias locales
Authors: Beltran Rodriguez Maria
Published: July 2017

Este trabajo propone una metodología para evaluar el nivel de vitalidad de los vecinos en los espacios públicos cotidianos de su barrio. Se aborda la problemática de estudiar un fenómeno no tangible y difícilmente cuantificable, la vitalidad. La tesis doctoral donde este trabajo tiene cabida, hace un barrido de la literatura relacionada con los comportamientos sociales en el entorno construido. Esto da lugar a un concepto de espacios públicos vitales y a una serie de factores para evaluarla, agrupados según cuatro dimensiones: la social, la física, la económica y la legal. En este trabajo se explican los conceptos básicos de la investigación, el caso de estudio utilizado, la colonia Virgen de la Esperanza, en el distrito madrileño de Hortaleza, así como la metodología propuesta para evaluar la vitalidad de un barrio. La finalidad última es trabajar con los vecinos de un barrio, para dotarles de herramientas que les permitan evaluar su propio barrio y saber qué aspectos reforzar, mejorar o cambiar. La metodología propuesta está por tanto dirigida a cualquier ciudadano de a pie, no especializado y los resultados y reflexiones son fruto de la enseñanza de estrategias de tipo local o vecinal.
La fiesta de un país normal. La disolución del 2001 en los festejos del bicentenario
Authors: Brambilla Pablo , Repupilli María
Published: July 2017

Entre la crisis político-económica del 2001 y los festejos oficiales del Bicentenario argentino en mayo de 2010 nuevos discursos instituyentes y hegemónicos convirtieron la “crisis” en “normalización”, y a la insurrección en tradicionales modos de hacer política. Parece condensarse en dichos festejos una nueva etapa y un modo oficial de representar la historia, reinaugurando en el marco del Estado-Nación un nuevo equilibrio social en el que los conflictos han quedado en el pasado. Pero, si consideramos que el Estado-Nación y el sistema de intercambio capitalista llevan intrínsecamente a la desigualdad y a la represión de unas formas de representación por sobre otras, aquel equilibrio social se vuelve tan solo una forma arbitraria de nombrar la realidad. Por eso, se hace necesario desmontar esas expresiones simbólicas dominantes que nombran u omiten expresiones políticas como aquellas iniciadas en diciembre de 2001, y así desentrañar algunos interrogantes: ¿cómo aparece el pasado reciente, y en particular la crisis del 2001, en el discurso originado desde el Estado nacional argentino en el último periodo? ¿Qué lugar ocupan hoy las experiencias políticas que en aquel momento se originaron? ¿Qué se recupera y qué se intentar dejar en el olvido?
Prácticas artísticas y espacios de memoria. Procesos de transmisión
Authors: Ricart Nuria , Paz Noelia
Published: July 2017

El objeto de este artículo es la reflexión en torno a las prácticas artísticas y su potencial en relación a la transmisión de las reivindicaciones sociales en procesos de transformación urbana y recuperación de la memoria en espacios de represión. Espacios que en numerosas ocasiones se hallan sujetos a transformaciones urbanas y nuevos usos. Nos interesa identificar las relaciones simbióticas entre prácticas artísticas contemporáneas, reivindicaciones sociales y espacios de memoria, observando el particular potencial del arte en este contexto, dada su gran carga simbólica y social.El análisis de dos casos de estudio y algunos ejemplos desarrollados en el ámbito barcelonés y español nos permiten problematizar las siguientes cuestiones: ¿cuáles son las estrategias de trabajo de las denominadas prácticas artísticas al vincularse a procesos de recuperación de espacios de memoria?, ¿qué planteamientos teóricos desarrollan estas prácticas para establecer estrategias de transmisión en relación al debate controversial en la esfera pública, a los significados de la ciudad actual, a los nuevos usos o al imaginario colectivo?, ¿qué procesos y formas de coproducción promueven?
Tokyo: towards a new publicness
Authors: Massip Enric
Published: July 2017

Tokyo, that epitome of Japanese cities, reflects in its urban structure a culture in which the meaning and use of public space has traditionally been very different from those of European cities. Two concurring and opposed processes are currently taking place in the biggest city on the planet which challenge that preconception: on one hand, a gradual canceling out of the original small-scale, multilayered urban fabric, substituted by huge, monolithic private developments; and on the other hand, a gradual collective acknowledgement of the sociopolitical role of public spaces, including a new attitude toward publicness and a new awareness of urban design’s potential to facilitate social interchanges. An experimental event carried out in Tokyo in 2014 is presented as an example of this change in the perspective on public space in Tokyo, and as a model to engage students in architecture and social sciences in a beneficial transformation of the city, toward a new publicness.
L’innovation religieuse en question
Authors: Perreault Jean-Philippe
Published: July 2017

Au point de départ de cette réflexion sur l’innovation religieuse, deux considérations : d’une part, il existe nécessairement de la nouveauté et de la créativité religieuses dans la mesure où les religions évoluent, s’adaptent et demeurent vivantes ; d’autre part, la jeunesse est elle-même pensée et construite comme source de nouveauté et de progrès. L’innovation religieuse se trouve conséquemment au centre du thème de recherche « jeunes et religions ». Sous forme de « notes de recherche », l’intention ici est d’identifier quelques repères permettant une problématisation de la question de l’innovation religieuse dans l’étude du rapport des jeunes aux religions. Pour ce faire, nous interrogerons les conditions d’une telle innovation, tant sur le plan empirique qu’épistémologique : de quelle innovation est-il question, qui innove et innove en regard de quoi ? Quelle épreuve épistémologique devrions-nous faire subir aux principaux concepts pour nous assurer de leur opérationnalité, de leur fécondité et de leur scientificité pour nos travaux ?
On the tear proteome of the house mouse (Mus musculus musculus) in relation to chemical signalling
Authors: Stopkova Romana , Klempt Petr , Kuntova Barbora , Stopka Pavel
Published: July 2017

Mammalian tears are produced by lacrimal glands to protect eyes and may function in chemical communication and immunity. Recent studies on the house mouse chemical signalling revealed that major urinary proteins (MUPs) are not individually unique inMus musculus musculus. This fact stimulated us to look for other sexually dimorphic proteins that may—in combination with MUPs—contribute to a pool of chemical signals in tears. MUPs and other lipocalins including odorant binding proteins (OBPs) have the capacity to selectively transport volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in their eight-stranded beta barrel, thus we have generated the tear proteome of the house mouse to detect a wider pool of proteins that may be involved in chemical signalling. We have detected significant male-biased (7.8%) and female-biased (7%) proteins in tears. Those proteins that showed the most elevated sexual dimorphisms were highly expressed and belong to MUP, OBP, ESP (i.e., exocrine gland-secreted peptides), and SCGB/ABP (i.e., secretoglobin) families. Thus, tears may have the potential to elicit sex-specific signals in combination by different proteins. Some tear lipocalins are not sexually dimorphic—with MUP20/darcin and OBP6 being good examples—and because all proteins may flow with tears through nasolacrimal ducts to nasal and oral cavities we suggest that their roles are wider than originally thought. Also, we have also detected several sexually dimorphic bactericidal proteins, thus further supporting an idea that males and females may have adopted alternative strategies in controlling microbiota thus yielding different VOC profiles.
Unmixing detrital geochronology age distributions
Authors: Sundell Kurt E. , Saylor Joel E.
Published: July 2017

Despite recent advances in quantitative methods of detrital provenance analysis, there is currently no widely accepted method of unmixing detrital geochronology age distributions. We developed a model that determines mixing proportions for source samples through inverse Monte Carlo modeling, wherein mixed samples are compared to randomly generated combinations of source distributions, and a range of best mixing proportions are retained. Results may then be used to constrain a forward optimization routine to find a single best‐fit mixture. Quantitative comparison is based on the Kolmogorov‐Smirnov (KS) testDstatistic and Kuiper testVstatistic for cumulative distribution functions, and the Cross‐correlation coefficient for finite mixture distributions (probability density plots or kernel density estimates). We demonstrate the capacity of this model through a series of tests on synthetic data, and published empirical data from North America mixed in known proportions; this proof‐of‐concept testing shows the model is capable of accurately unmixing highly complex distributions. We apply the model to two published empirical data sets mixed in unknown proportions from Colombia and central China. Neither example yields perfect model fits, which provides a cautionary note of potentially inadequate characterization of source and/or mixed samples, and highlights the importance of such characterization for accurate interpretation of sediment provenance. Sample size appears to be a major control on mixture model results; small (n < 100) samples may lead to misinterpretation. The model is available as a MATLAB‐based stand‐alone executable (.exe file) graphical user interface.
Why was the arid and semiarid northwest China getting wetter in the recent decades?
Authors: Peng Dongdong , Zhou Tianjun
Published: July 2017

The arid and semiarid northwest China has experienced a significant wetting trend in summer during 1961–2010, but the reasons remain ambiguous. In this study, moisture budget analysis is employed to quantify the contributions of different factors to the wetting trend. The results show that more than 50% of the increasing precipitation is balanced by the increased evaporation. The convergence of moisture flux (the sum of horizontal moisture advection and wind convergence terms) has a significant positive contribution to the wetting trend. The increased net surface radiation, which is contributed by the increased downward longwave radiation, supplies more energy to favor the evaporation process of vaporization. The moisture flux convergence is further separated into thermodynamic component in association with changes in specific humidity and dynamic component due to changes in atmospheric circulation. The thermodynamic contribution to the wetting trend is induced by the increased specific humidity which is associated with enhanced evaporation. The dynamic contribution is dominated by an anomalous cyclone over central Asia. The anomalous cyclone is related with intensified horizontal vorticity advection which is associated with a significant southward displacement of Asian subtropical westerly jet. The results indicate that the changes of evaporation against the background of global warming deserve more attention in projecting the climate change in arid and semiarid regions.
High‐resolution chronology of sediment below CCD based on Holocene paleomagnetic secular variations in the Tohoku‐oki earthquake rupture zone
Authors: Kanamatsu Toshiya , Usami Kazuko , McHugh Cecilia M. G. , Ikehara Ken
Published: July 2017

Using high‐resolution paleomagnetic data, we examined the potential for obtaining precise ages from sediment core samples recovered from deep‐sea basins close to rupture zones of the 2011 and earlier earthquakes off Tohoku, Japan. Obtaining detailed stratigraphic ages from deep‐sea sediments below the calcium compensation depth (CCD) is difficult, but we found that the samples contain excellent paleomagnetic secular variation records to constrain age models. Variations in paleomagnetic directions obtained from the sediments reveal systematic changes in the cores. A stacked paleomagnetic profile closely matches the Lake Biwa data sets in southwest Japan for the past 7000 years, one can establish age models based on secular variations of the geomagnetic field on sediments recovered uniquely below the CCD. Comparison of paleomagnetic directions near a tephra and a paleomagnetic direction of contemporaneous pyroclastic flow deposits acquired by different magnetization processes shows precise depositional ages reflecting the magnetization delay of the marine sediment record.
Modeling observations of solar coronal mass ejections with heliospheric imagers verified with the Heliophysics System Observatory
Authors: Möstl C. , Isavnin A. , Boakes P. D. , Kilpua E. K. J. , Davies J. A. , Harrison R. A. , Barnes D. , Krupar V. , Eastwood J. P. , Good S. W. , Forsyth R. J. , Bothmer V. , Reiss M. A. , Amerstorfer T. , Winslow R. M. , Anderson B. J. , Philpott L. C. , Rodriguez L. , Rouillard A. P. , Gallagher P. , Nieves‐Chinchilla T. , Zhang T. L.
Published: July 2017

We present an advance toward accurately predicting the arrivals of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) at the terrestrial planets, including Earth. For the first time, we are able to assess a CME prediction model using data over two thirds of a solar cycle of observations with the Heliophysics System Observatory. We validate modeling results of 1337 CMEs observed with the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory (STEREO) heliospheric imagers (HI) (science data) from 8 years of observations by five in situ observing spacecraft. We use the self‐similar expansion model for CME fronts assuming 60° longitudinal width, constant speed, and constant propagation direction. With these assumptions we find that 23%–35% of all CMEs that were predicted to hit a certain spacecraft lead to clear in situ signatures, so that for one correct prediction, two to three false alarms would have been issued. In addition, we find that the prediction accuracy does not degrade with the HI longitudinal separation from Earth. Predicted arrival times are on average within 2.6 ± 16.6 h difference of the in situ arrival time, similar to analytical and numerical modeling, and a true skill statistic of 0.21. We also discuss various factors that may improve the accuracy of space weather forecasting using wide‐angle heliospheric imager observations. These results form a first‐order approximated baseline of the prediction accuracy that is possible with HI and other methods used for data by an operational space weather mission at the Sun‐Earth L5 point.