bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis on the Determinants of Global Inflation
Authors: Taşdöken Öznur
Published: October 2024

The volatilities observed in different markets have an impact on global inflation. The persistent upward trend in inflation forms the basis of economic challenges experienced in all countries.Therefore, especially considering recent developments and events, inflation stands out as one of the most researched topics. In this contextthis, this study analyzes the relationship between global inflation, global food price, Brend oil price, global energy prices, the global supply chain, and global geopolitical risks variables using monthly data from 2004:08 to 2023:10. In this analysis, the Dynamic Wavelet Correlation Analysis For Multivariate (WLMC) approach is employed to examine the dynamic correlation relationship between variables across time and frequency dimensions. Considering the findings from the study, it can be stated that strong correlation relationships among variables have been found after the year 2021 in all analyses. This suggests a stronger economic integration across different global markets, especially in recent years.
The Role of Sustainable Finance in the Transition to the Post-Growth Economy
Authors: Ataman Aynur Yilmaz
Published: October 2024

In light of the urgent ecological and social challenges facing our world, there has been a noticeable shift in focus towards exploring economic models that prioritise ecological constraints and societal well-being over the pursuit of continuous growth and profit maximisation. These alternative perspectives collectively fall under the overarching term of post-growth economic models and the financial sector has significant influence over the real economy, and the investments made within it can either perpetuate destructive traditional practices or contribute to the construction of sustainable, regenerative, and inclusive economic and social structures. Therefore, this chapter aims to delve into the role of existing sustainable investment strategies, such as ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) Investment and Impact Investment, in the transition to a post-growth era. It also aims to examine the new transformative investment frameworks that have emerged in response to the shortcomings of current investment models in facilitating this transition.
Understanding Trends in Economic Development and Financial Dynamics
Authors: Ozdinc Feyza , Reis Sukriye Gul
Published: October 2024

Since economic activities require funds, the financial system is a crucial component of the economic system, with the development of the financial sector having a significant impact on an economy's overall financial health. This study focuses on the intersection of economic development and finance and identifies significant themes and new research directions in the distribution of articles on finance and economic development. It reviews 296 articles from the Web of Science and Scopus databases, focusing on the dynamic fields of economic development and finance. The data shows an increasing trend after 2013, with 101 articles on this issue between 2015 and 2021 and 99 between 2022 and 2024. The results offer new perspectives on how economic development and finance are changing, offering light on both historical precedents and future directions.
Environmental Policies in Global Economies and Environmental Concern in Regional Sustainable Production
Authors: Öztopcu Aslı
Published: October 2024

Today, rapidly growing population, industrialization, and urbanization are causing global environmental problems to become an ever-greater threat. Globally, there is an increasing demand for sustainable development due to issues including air pollution, water resource depletion, biodiversity reduction, and climate change. This chapter looks at how regionally implemented environmental policies contribute to the global economies' sustainable development objectives. With examples from projects in developed and developing countries, this article tries to understand the environmental policies and practices implemented for sustainable development. The findings demonstrate that international cooperation is necessary to ensure the world's sustainability. Nonetheless, a significant determinant of the sufficiency of efforts is a nation's degree of social and economic development. The outputs of this study can provide insights into regional environmental problems, cooperation against environmental risks, and the global implications of advances in environmental sustainability.
Empirical Analysis of the Relationship Between Inclusive Green Growth and Agricultural Added Value
Authors: Doğan Başak Özarslan
Published: October 2024

In this study, the relationship between inclusive green growth and agricultural added value in Türkiye for the period 1990-2020 was examined with the help of the ARDL bounds test. In order to represent inclusive green growth, the inclusive green growth index was created using the Principal Component Analysis method. In addition, the effects of inclusive green growth, as well as the effects of total labor force and temperature increase on agricultural added value, were also examined in the study. According to the findings, inclusive green growth in Türkiye positively affects agricultural added value and the coefficient is statistically significant. In addition, in the study, the effect of the total labor force on agricultural added value was found to be positive and the coefficient was statistically significant. While the effect of temperature increase on agricultural added value is found to be negative, the coefficient is statistically insignificant.
Structural, Configurational, Relational, and Instrumental Dimensions of Entrepreneurship Ecosystems
Authors: Vargas-Hernandez José G. , González-Ávila Francisco J. , Vargas-González Omar C. , Castañeda-Burciaga Selene , Guirette-Barbosa Omar A.
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze the structural, configurational, relational, and instrumental dimensions of entrepreneurship ecosystems. The analysis departs from the assumption that the entrepreneurship ecosystem is a focal multidimensional paradigm including several dimensions in its formation. The method employed is the meta-analytical descriptive and reflective based on conceptual, theoretical, and empirical literature review. The study concludes that the formation of any entrepreneurship ecosystem incorporates several dimensions, among others, the configurational, structural, relational, instrumental, and operational.
Women's Leadership in Environmental Dialogue
Authors: Chakraborty Swati
Published: October 2024

This research proposal explores the critical nexus between women's leadership, environmental conservation, and human rights. Recognizing the multifaceted challenges facing our planet, this study delves into the under-explored yet essential dimension of gender equality in conservation efforts. Through a comprehensive review of existing literature and the application of a human rights framework, the proposal aims to uncover the contributions of women to environmental stewardship, analyze the barriers they confront, and propose strategies for advancing gender equality in conservation. This paper underscores the importance of integrating a gender perspective into environmental policies and practices, highlighting how women's involvement in environmental advocacy not only promotes sustainable development but also advances gender equality and human rights.
Sacred Landscapes
Authors: Chakraborty Swati
Published: October 2024

This research paper explores the profound connection between Indigenous women's spirituality and their roles in environmental protection in Canada. By examining traditional ecological knowledge, spiritual practices, and contemporary environmental activism, the study aims to highlight the integral role of Indigenous women in safeguarding their ancestral lands. The paper will delve into case studies of specific Indigenous communities, analyze the impact of colonization and industrialization, and offer insights into how Indigenous women's spiritual perspectives can inform broader environmental conservation efforts.
The Overlooked Narratives of Women in Rural India and Africa, as Depicted in Contemporary Literature
Authors: Biswas Anwesha
Published: October 2024

This comparative study of Mariama Bâ's “Une Si Longue Lettre” and Ashapurna Devi's “Pratham Pratishruti (The First Promise)” explores the feminist consciousness of these two pioneering authors. Despite being from different continents, eras, and cultures, their novels highlight similar struggles of women within patriarchal societies. During times when global focus was on wars and colonization, these authors brought attention to the overlooked domestic struggles of women. The study demonstrates how Bâ and Devi's protagonists break free from the confines of patriarchy, finding their paths to freedom. The research aims to uncover the overlooked narratives of women in rural India and Africa, emphasizing the domestic realms depicted in these contemporary literary works.
Women's Leadership in Environmental Conservation
Authors: Eswaran Ushaa , Eswaran Vivek , Murali Keerthna , Eswaran Vishal
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores the essential role of women in environmental conservation, focusing on their challenges and successes. It examines how gender, socioeconomic factors, and cultural contexts impact women's leadership in conservation. Using a comprehensive literature review, case studies, and original research, the chapter highlights the barriers women face—such as discrimination, resource limitations, and cultural norms—and showcases their innovative contributions to conservation. It underscores the need to empower women in leadership roles to achieve sustainable environmental management and advance human rights. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, conservation organizations, and activists seeking to promote gender equality in environmental stewardship.
Understanding Disasters, Vulnerabilities, and the Resilience
Authors: Dey Sumedha , Mandal Malay
Published: October 2024

Rivers have historically served as lifelines for civilizations, providing essential resources and opportunities for livelihood. However, they also present significant challenges, particularly when turned into disaster propelled by human interventions. The very qualities that make rivers indispensable to the dependent communities also render them vulnerable in many ways. Among the myriad challenges facing riverine communities, river bank erosion stands out as a particularly pressing issue, with far-reaching social, economic, and environmental implications. In recent time, well-being of riparian people in West Bengal, India, is seriously threatened by river bank erosion in the Ganges river basin, especially in parts of Malda and Murshidabad districts have [un]intentionally gotten worse since the Farakka Barrage was built in 1972.The article emphasises how these elements are interrelated and have consequences for the welfare of communities by looking at them through the lenses of geopolitics, feminism, and human rights.
Exploring Effective Strategies for Combatting Cybercrime and Intersection of IoT, Deep Learning
Authors: Singh Bhupinder , Kaunert Christian
Published: October 2024

The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data, while deep learning, a subset of artificial intelligence involves algorithms that model high-level abstractions in data through neural networks. The fusion of these technologies has transformed various sectors, from healthcare and agriculture to smart cities and autonomous vehicles. However, this convergence has also created new avenues for cybercrime, posing significant challenges to data security and privacy. The combination of deep learning and the Internet of Things has resulted in new vulnerabilities that hackers may take advantage of in addition to creative uses. This chapter looks at legal approaches to enhanced data analysis as well as practical methods for fighting cybercrime in the context of new technologies. With a focus on deep learning, legal frameworks and forward-thinking solutions, this study attempts to convey a thorough knowledge of the confluence of deep learning, cybercrime, and IoT.
Kinship Verification by Analysing Facial Images to Ensure Human Security
Authors: Mahato Arkadyuti , Das Sourav , Kundu Sumana , Majumder Anandaprova
Published: October 2024

Kinship verification involves determining the relatedness between individuals by analysing their genetic or phenotypic characteristics or traits. The realm of kinship research has garnered substantial attention particularly in computer vision, with broad applications spanning forensic analysis, genealogy exploration, immigration law and more. This chapter introduces a five-stage methodology for kinship verification through facial images, employing Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). The process involves dataset acquisition, preprocessing with FaceNet and Res-Net-50, feature extraction, and CNN model development utilizing Inception Resnet V1 and ResNet-50. The proposed model attains a remarkable accuracy exceeding 85% on a substantial dataset, showcasing its efficacy in identifying kinship relations. Thus, the proposed work contributes to reshaping the methodology for kin verification, enhancing human surveillance through the development of facial image analysis techniques with immense potential for practical applications.
Improved YOLOv5s Fabric Defect Detection Algorithm Based on the Fusion of Global Attention Mechanism and Decoupling Head
Authors: Mei Shunqi , Xiao Zhi , Chen Jia , Shan Shiyi , Zhou Shi
Published: October 2024

During fabric production, machine malfunctions and yarn breakages can lead to defects, affecting product quality. Thus, fabric defect detection is crucial for quality control. Existing detection systems struggle with speed and accuracy, especially for small defects, due to the diversity of defect types and shapes. This paper introduces an improved YOLOv5s algorithm, YOLOv5s-GSD, which enhances detection performance by integrating a Global Attention Mechanism (GAM), the SIOU loss function, and a decoupling head. The GAM enhances focus on relevant features, improving detection accuracy; the SIOU loss function replaces the GIOU loss function to optimize the vector angle of regressions, enhancing convergence speed and accuracy; and the decoupling head separates classification and regression tasks, further improving detection performance. Experimental results show the improved algorithm achieves an accuracy of 97.6% and a recognition rate of 36 frames per second, effectively reducing the miss rate of small targets.
Leveraging TenSEAL
Authors: Wiryen Yancho Basil , Vigny Noumsi Auguste , Ngono Mvogo Joseph , Aimé Fono Louis
Published: October 2024

In our interconnected world, the use of Internet of Things (IoT) devices generates vast amounts of sensitive data. To secure this data while extracting insights, privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) tools like Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) are crucial. This study compares two FHE schemes, BFV and CKKS, for protecting IoT data during PPML analysis. Logistic regression models are implemented on encrypted datasets using the TenSEAL library, and the accuracy and efficiency are compared with unencrypted data. The study focuses on privacy preservation, computational overhead, and model accuracy. Using the capabilities of TenSEAL, the study finds that both BFV and CKKS effectively preserve IoT data privacy during ML tasks. BFV demonstrates superior computational efficiency, enabling faster analysis and training, while CKKS achieves higher accuracy in predicting IoT data. This study aids researchers in selecting the most suitable homomorphic encryption scheme for their needs.
Agile Bureaucracy in the Digital Age
Authors: Mutiarin Dyah , Yusuf Muhammad , Lega Michael , Habibullah Akhmad
Published: October 2024

In providing public services, the bureaucracy faces challenges of disruption, rapid technological developments, and demands for fast, efficient, and flexible services while it struggles with procedural problems and hierarchy. After bureaucratic reform efforts in Indonesia have been conducted for many years, the apparatus readiness in the local government context to provide fast and responsive services in the digitalisation era and unpredictable situations like pandemics is unexamined. While researchers focus on the use of agile government concept in local government, the assessment of adaptive governance and its implications, and the use of information technology communication in the public sector, in this paper, the authors assess agile bureaucracy in service delivery through digital public services. The results show the software maturity in local bureaus, characterised by their ability to understand user needs for digitalised service and qualified infrastructure tools to support governance. However, agencies face the challenge of weak collaboration with minimal coordination among departments and weak responsibility and adaptability to hinder digital service delivery processes. This article highlights that in adopting the agile concept, bureaucracy requires technological support and the leaders' strong commitment. Moreover, the bureaucracy needs to build a broad and coordinated partnership ecosystem, and the main points are adapting quickly and responsively to problems.
Colhendo frutos, consolidando o modelo
Authors: Nery Marco Arlindo Amorim Melo
Published: October 2024

Os Aprendizados Agrícolas foram criados a partir do Decreto nº 8.319, de 1910, com o objetivo de formação elementar agrícola. Tais instituições tiveram até o ano de 1934 a concorrência de um outro modelo de ensino agrícola elementar, os Patronatos Agrícolas. Neste artigo, utilizando-me de leis, decretos, regulamentos e relatórios ministeriais, apresento uma reflexão sobre a reforma do ensino agrícola ocorrida em 1934, a qual criou um órgão específico dentro do Ministério da Agricultura, Indústria e Comércio (MAIC) para gerenciar o ensino agrícola, a Diretoria de Ensino Agrícola (DEA). Esta reforma demonstrou uma mudança no pensamento dos que confeccionavam as leis, havendo uma retomada do modelo de Aprendizados, consolidando-o.
Benthic habitat of the Gulf of Maine: The legacy of Mesozoic to Cenozoic geological history
Authors: Todd B. J.
Published: October 2024

Une série de vignettes illustre et décrit une série d'habitats benthiques dans le golfe du Maine. Les habitats benthiques actuels sont l'héritage de l'histoire géologique de la région de l'ère mésozoïque (il y a 252 à 66 millions d'années) à l'ère cénozoïque (il y a 66 millions d'années à aujourd'hui). La plate-forme de marge continentale peu profonde abritant le golfe du Maine s'est formée lors de l'ouverture de l'océan Atlantique Nord par le rifting des plaques nord-américaine et africaine au niveau d'un centre d'expansion au cours de l'ère mésozoïque. Des roches sédimentaires non marines et marines se sont déposées sur la nouvelle marge continentale. Au cours de l'ère cénozoïque, une série de transgressions et de régressions du niveau de la mer, associées à de multiples avancées et retraits des calottes glaciaires continentales nord-américaines, se sont accompagnées de dépôts et d'érosions de sédiments et de substrat rocheux sous-jacent. Certains de ces événements d’érosion ont été profonds et se reflètent aujourd’hui dans la géomorphologie à grande échelle de la région. Au cours du dernier maximum glaciaire (il y a environ 24 à 20 14 000 ans) de l'époque du Pléistocène (il y a 2,58 millions à 11 700 ans), la marge sud-est de l'inlandsis laurentidien (LIS) occupait le golfe du Maine. La cartographie de la géomorphologie sous-marine fournit la preuve qu'un courant de glace marine à écoulement rapide occupait le golfe. La LIS s'est retirée vers le nord par étapes. Des sédiments superficiels se sont déposés dans le golfe pendant et après la glaciation. La géomorphologie glaciaire en vue en plan est interprétée à partir de la bathymétrie sonar multifaisceaux haute résolution définie dans des données bathymétriques à l'échelle régionale. L'interprétation des profils de sismique réflexion fournit la structure transversale des caractéristiques glaciaires et les modèles de sédimentation dans le golfe du Maine. Les bassins du golfe présentent des dépôts épais (des dizaines de mètres) de sédiments glaciaires et post-glaciaires à grains fins. Les crêtes séparant les bassins sont dominées par des dépôts à grains filants (till) et ces crêtes constituent une série de moraines de récession majeures. Au cours de l'époque de l'Holocène (il y a 11,7 mille ans jusqu'à aujourd'hui), l'interaction de l'élévation du niveau de la mer avec le rebond post-glaciaire de la croûte a entraîné une exposition subaérienne, pendant un certain temps, des bancs Georges et Browns, limitant ainsi le golfe du Maine de l'Atlantique. Océan. L'interprétation de la bathymétrie du sonar multifaisceau met en évidence une érosion fluviale sur les berges durant cette période. Les inondations ultérieures se sont accompagnées du développement de vastes champs de vagues de sable formés sous le régime actuel des courants.
Prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and its associated factors in urban Burkina Faso
Authors: Traoré Solo , Dahourou Désiré L. , Paré Boyo C. , Sagna Yempabou , Zemba Daniel , Somé Douonibo P. , Ouédraogo Nomwindé C.J. , Millogo Kalo R. , Séré Lassina , Rouamba Toussaint , Tiéno Hervé , Guira Oumar
Published: October 2024

Background: Community screening could be an effective strategy for identifying people with undiagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in low-income countries.Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of undiagnosed T2DM and its risk factors.Setting: This study was conducted in Ouagadougou, the capital of Burkina Faso.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, including consenting population (≥ 18 years). Data were collected from 11 November 2020 to 16 November 2020, in five fix sites after a 10-day information campaign on T2DM. The SD CodeFreeTM glucose analyser was used to diagnose T2DM. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the associate factors.Results: A total of 1200 (95%) volunteered out of 1330 people were enrolled, which included 667 (52.27%) women. The mean age was 34.16 years (standard deviation: 12.42). Overall, 40.28% were abdominally obese and 31.43% hypertensive. The prevalence of T2DM was 10.74% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 9.15; 12.56). In multivariate analysis, being aged or greater than 35 years (adjusted odds ratio [ORa]: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.42; 3.72), having a family history of diabetes (ORa = 1.55; 95% CI: 1.006; 2.40), being overweight (ORa = 1.69; 95% CI: 1.09; 2.62), being obese (ORa = 1.80; 95% CI: 1.08; 3.00), being a known hypertensive (ORa = 2.92 95% CI: 1.64; 5.19) and having high blood pressure on the day of the survey (ORa = 1.86; 95% CI: 1.22; 2.85) increased significantly the probability to present T2DM.Conclusion: Community screening is useful to identify T2DM. A national programme to control diabetes mellitus and its associated risk factors is urgently needed in Burkina Faso.Contribution: This study will enable early detection of diabetes mellitus and its management in order to prevent or delay the onset of complications.
Now more than ever: Mpox renews the call for local pharmaceutical production for Africa’s health security
Authors: Ndembi Nicaise , Foláyan Morẹ́nikẹ́ O.
Published: October 2024

N/A
Neurofibroma: Case Series with Clinical Features and Recommendations
Authors: Khatri Nasreen , Raza Muhammad Liaquat , Aijaz Atia , Ramesh Recha , Gianchand Naveed , Khan Faisal Akhlaq Ali
Published: October 2024

Neurofibroma is an autosomal benign disorder. It can be localized, diffuse or invasive like plexiform neurofibroma that involves the nerves, muscle, tissues, skeleton. It represents itself as a destructive variant of neurofibroma, mostly present as orbital or periorbital neurofibroma or may be associated with autosomal dominant disease. Clinical diagnosis of neurofibromatosis (NF) according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria should have more than two of the seven features including lisch nodules, cafe’- au-lait spots, plexiform neurofibroma, optic glioma, freckling, first degree relative with NF or dysplasia of cortical bones. However, proper early diagnosis is still crucial due to its various presentation such as cheek mass, painless swelling on skin, chalazion, intratracheal tumor, genital swelling or ptosis. It is reported that neurofibroma often represents as ocular or facial swelling. Here we are presenting features of neurofibroma of eight cases of patients from Civil Hospital, Karachi. These cases had main complain of overhanging skin mass mainly on orbital or periorbital region that damage the area and with poor daily activities. Multiple nodules on face and body along with them Cafe’-au-lait spots and lisch nodules were main signs. While, other signs i.e. ptosis, pterygium, telecanthus and muddy discoloration of conjunctiva need further evaluation for correlation with neurofibromatosis. Debulking surgery was planned for most of the cases but the huge disfigurement caused by overhanging skin mass and nodules made it a challenge for plastic surgeons to provide good outcomes with minimum damage.
Development and Validation of the Self-efficacy Questionnaire in multiple sclerosis patients
Authors: Dehghani Ali
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Self-efficacy is one of the factors affecting on the quality of life and adjustment to the chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis. Self-efficacy is the individual’s belief that they have the ability to overcome challenges presented to them. The current study aimed to develop and validate of self- efficacy questionnaire in Iranian MS patients.

Materials and methods:

This is a methodological study that was performed in three phases. In the first phase, the concept of self-efficacy was defined through qualitative content analysis approach. In the second phase, early items of questionnaire was generated according to findings of the first phase. In the final phase, validation of the developed questionnaire were evaluated using face, content and construct validity as well as reliability.

Results:

In exploratory factor analysis, four subscales including: adherence to medication regimens (5 items), social performance control (4 items), symptom management (4 items) and maintain independence and activity (5 items) were extracted by Eigen value above one and factor load above 0.3. Internal consistency and stability of the developed questionnaire confirmed with 0.91 and 0.88 respectively that indicated acceptable reliability.

Conclusions:

The 18-item developed questionnaire is valid and reliable for measurement of self-efficacy of Iranian MS patients.
An Epidemiological Cross-sectional Study of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome in Patients of Anand District
Authors: Mistry Charvi P. , Bhanderi Dinesh J.
Published: October 2024

Background:

Coronavirus has infected 44.7 million Indians until December 2022. After recovery, patients are developing long-term effects of COVID-19. Research is required to know the burden of post-COVID-19 syndrome (PCS) and factors leading it. To estimate the prevalence of PCS and its associated factors in Anand district of Gujarat state. This cross-sectional study was conducted in 8 talukas of Anand district.

Methods and Material:

Sample size of 450 patients divided into the hospitalized group and home/facility isolated group with samples of 300 and 150, respectively. Information was collected using a pretested semistructured questionnaire after taking written informed consent. It included demographic details, personal history, COVID-19-related information, and questions regarding persistent/newly developed symptoms after 12 weeks of COVID-19. The data collected were entered in Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed by SPSS version 15. Descriptive analysis followed by univariate analysis and logistic regression was performed. Among 450, 56% of patients were male and 43.3% were female.

Results:

The study reported 25.11% prevalence of PCS. Majority (82%) of patients having PCS had Grade I symptoms. Common symptoms recorded were weakness (10%) and breathlessness (4%). PCS was found to be associated with the hospitalization status of a patient, administration of drugs like antacids, Ivermectin, and Insulin.

Conclusions:

Looking at current prevalence of PCS, well-sensitized healthcare system is needed to be established. Further research is required to explore more risk factors leading to PCS and various treatment options for PCS.
Exploring the Socio-personal Factors Associated with the Prevalence of Symptoms of Reproductive Tract Infections among Sexually Active Married Women in Ernakulam District of Kerala, India
Authors: George Ann Merrin , Chacko Leena Kunnath
Published: October 2024

Background:

Reproductive Tract Infections (RTIs)/Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are the main cause of maternal mortality and morbidity in India. The prevalence of the symptoms of RTIs was found to be very high in community-based studies. However only a few studies have explored the factors associated with it. This study aims to determine the socio-personal factors associated with the prevalence of symptoms of RTIs among sexually active married women in Ernakulam district of Kerala.

Material and Methods:

The study adopted a cross-sectional approach and was conducted among 640 married women in the reproductive age group.

Results:

The prevalence of the symptoms of RTIs was found to be 56.9% and about 60.16% of them had experienced multiple symptoms. Multivariate analysis showed that those women living in the urban areas (OR: 0.49, 95% CI: 0.334, 0.719), having no previous history of obstetric/gynecological risk factors (OR: 1.89, 95% CI: 1.119, 3.19) and using both clothes and sanitary pads interchangeably during menstruation (OR: 0.46, 95% CI: 0.282, 0.734) were found to be at less risk of contracting RTIs.

Conclusion:

The use of sanitary pads along with cloth pads can be enhanced rather than only using reusable cloths during menstruation. Also, efforts to improve the reproductive health of the women and reduce the obstetric/gynaecological risk factors should be devised to curtail the peak of RTIs.
Primary Breast Necrotising Fasciitis in an Elderly Woman Managed with Nipple–Areola Conservation and Delayed Primary Closure in a Resource-Poor Setting A Case Report
Authors: Okoli Chinedu Michael , Oguwike Gideon Ahamefuna , Chinedu-Okoli Tochukwu Daniella , Egbujor Pascal Ndubuisi
Published: October 2024

Primary breast necrotising fasciitis is a rare disease that can rapidly progress with high morbidity and mortality rates. Due to its rare occurrence, it is often misdiagnosed. This case was a 65-year-old, obese, immobile, and newly diagnosed woman who presented with a 2-week history of progressive left breast pain and swelling with associated darkening of the breast skin and discharge of foul-smelling fluid. There was no history of fever and the nipple–areola complex was spared. The surrounding healthy skin has a characteristic peau d’orange and erythematous. Two discrete and slightly tender left axillary lymph nodes were noted. At the presentation, her blood sugar was high. Initially, a breast malignancy was suspected but later an ultrasound showed increased fibrous and fatty tissue architecture of the mammary gland. It also noted inflammatory collections within the mammary glands and thus concluded breast inflammation. Early intervention with antibiotic cover and wound debridement forestalled the progress of the disease and nipple–areola salvage. The wound was later covered by delayed primary closure after 14 days of wound dressing with a silver-based solution. Breast asymmetry was noted as a surgical complication. Early aggressive intervention in necrotising fasciitis of the breast in an elderly woman with comorbidities contributed to the preservation of nipple–areola complex with eventual satisfactory management using direct wound closure.
Awareness and Preferences about Packaged Food Labelling amongst Healthcare Personnel of a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in Eastern India
Authors: Naik Bijaya N. , Singh Prashant K. , Nirala Santosh K. , Rao Rajath , Krishna Ekta , Haripriya H , Pandey Sanjay , Singh Chandramani
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

This study was conducted to assess the awareness and preferences of healthcare personnel (HCP) in making healthy dietary choices leading to a reduction in the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCDs).

Materials and Methods:

This descriptive hospital-based study was conducted amongst 506 HCP. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect the information from participants. Descriptive analysis was conducted and proportions with percentages were reported.

Results:

Around 93.3% of the participants reported reading the labelling of packaged food items before purchasing. About 80% looked for the information present on both sides of packaged food items. The most common information checked by the respondent was the expiry date and manufacturing date. Respondents reported the most common nutrient content they looked for was protein (31%) followed by fat (29%).

Conclusion:

The practice of checking nutrition information was low amongst the study population even though there was high awareness regarding FOPL. There is a need to educate people on nutrition information on packed food items to enable them to make healthier choices.
Geriatric Pharmacotherapy Case Series: Medications for Diabetes—A Focus on Secondary Stroke Prevention
Authors: Warren Sabrina , McKee Shayla , Yakiwchuk Erin
Published: October 2024

This report addresses evidence for efficacy of diabetes medications with a focus on stroke risk reduction. The cardiovascular benefits of SGLT-2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists have been well-established; however, clinical trials to date have examined composite cardiovascular
endpoints that include, but do not specifically focus on, stroke. The purpose of this case review is to examine the evidence for the various diabetes medications in reducing the risk for stroke. This literature review was inspired by a patient seen in a geriatric day hospital program with
diabetes and a history of multiple strokes. Our goal was to select a diabetes management regimen that would provide both glycemic control and stroke risk reduction. As diabetes and cerebrovascular disease commonly coexist and are important contributors to morbidity and mortality in older individuals,
appropriate management must incorporate both current evidence as well as consideration for patient-specific factors that may influence the treatment plan. This patient case illustrates the importance of both.
Heart Failure in Older People Part 2: Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy
Authors: Pogge Elizabeth , Sibicky Stephanie
Published: October 2024

Heart failure is a common cardiovascular disease that affects older people and has a high rate of mortality. Treatment for heart failure has evolved in the past 10 years to include novel evidence-based agents as well as changes in how medications are initiated and up-titrated. Despite
evidence of the importance of using four guideline-directed medications, older people are often undertreated with these lifesaving therapies. Senior care pharmacists play an important role in heart failure management among older people by providing therapeutic recommendations; monitoring therapeutic
interventions; and educating patients, caregivers, and/ or providers.
Assessing the Impact of Consultant Pharmacist-Directed Anticoagulation Management in the Post-Acute and Long-Term Care (PALTC) Setting
Authors: Schifano Alexandra , Statczar Alexandra , Metzger Anne , Stout Jaron , Clark Jeffrey A. , Seibert Casondra
Published: October 2024

Objective: The objective is to evaluate the impact of consultant pharmacist-directed anticoagulation management in the post-acute and long-term care (PALTC) setting. Design: Retrospective study. Participants: Patients whose clinical
details were included in the ASCP aggregate data and were older than 65 years of age, admitted to PALTC facility, and had active anticoagulant therapy were included in the study. Interventions: Pharmacists enrolled in the ASCP (Quality Improvement Project) and performed
monthly chart reviews per standard practice. The 30-day post-chart review follow-up data were entered into the ASCP data collection. The research team assessed for consultant pharmacist interventions associated with anticoagulant therapy management. Results: Data were collected
from November 2022 through March 2023, during which 807 charts were assessed. Within the charts reviewed, 274 patients received anticoagulation therapy, of which 173 (63%) were identified as having a medication-related problem concerning anticoagulant use. Two hundred sixteen pharmacist recommendations
were sent to providers to address the inappropriate anticoagulant therapy. Providers completed modifications to 190 (88%) of the recommendations. Conclusion: This study emphasized pharmacist involvement in managing anticoagulant therapy within the PALTC setting and identified
the need for further investigation of patient specific outcomes.
Hadamard-type variation formulas for the eigenvalues of the $\eta$-Laplacian and applications
Authors: Vieira Gomes José Nazareno , Mendonça Marrocos Marcus Antonio , Rabello Mesquita Raul
Published: October 2024

We consider an analytic family of Riemannian metrics on a compact smooth manifold

M

. We assume the Dirichlet boundary condition for the

\eta

-Laplacian and obtain Hadamard-type variation formulas for analytic curves of eigenfunctions and eigenvalues. As an application, we show that for a subset of all

C^{r}

 Riemannian metrics

\mathcal{M}^{r}

on

M

, all eigenvalues of the

\eta

-Laplacian are generically simple, for

2\leq r< \infty

. This implies the existence of a residual set of metrics in

\mathcal{M}^{r}

that makes the spectrum of the

\eta

-Laplacian simple. Likewise, we show that there exists a residual set of drifting functions

\eta

in the space

\mathcal{F}^{r}

of all

C^{r}

 functions on

M

, that again makes the spectrum of the

\eta

-Laplacian simple, for

2\leq r< \infty

. Besides, we provide a precise information about the complement of these residual sets as well as about the structure of the set of deformations of a Riemannian metric (respectively, of the set of deformations of a drifting function) which preserves double eigenvalues. Moreover, we consider a family of perturbations of a domain in a Riemannian manifold and obtain Hadamard-type formulas for the eigenvalues of the

\eta

-Laplacian in this case. We also establish generic properties of eigenvalues in this context.
The role of supervisor support in the association between night work and depressive symptoms: a gender-stratified analysis of 22,422 full-time wage workers in Korea
Authors: Kim Hee Won , Kim Ji-Hwan , Lee Garin , Lee Hye-Lin , Lee Hayoung , Kim Seung-Sup
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the relationship between night work, supervisor support, and depressive symptoms among full-time wage workers, with a focus on gender differences.METHODS: A nationwide sample of 22,422 full-time wage workers from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020-2021) was analyzed. Experiences of night work were categorized into 5 groups based on the number of night work days per month: 0, 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-31. Depressive symptoms were evaluated using the 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. Supervisor support was assessed with 5 items.RESULTS: Workers who engaged in 1-5 days (prevalence ratio [PR], 1.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.12 to 1.36) and 6-10 days (PR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06 to 1.30) of night work per month exhibited a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms than those without night work. After stratifying by supervisor support levels, workers with 1-5 days, 6-10 days, and 11-15 days of night work per month were more likely to experience depressive symptoms compared to those without night work in the low supervisor support group. In contrast, no association was found between night work (≥6 days) and depressive symptoms in the high supervisor support group. Furthermore, gender differences were notable: female workers with 6-10 days (PR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.70), and 11-15 days (PR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.90) of night work per month exhibited a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms, whereas their male counterparts did not. This pattern of gender difference was also found among those with low supervisor support.CONCLUSIONS: Supervisor support may mitigate the adverse effects of night work on depressive symptoms among full-time wage workers, with differences manifested across genders.
Analyzing the dynamics of complicated and uncomplicated appendicitis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Seoul, Korea: a multifaceted time series approach
Authors: Baek Kiook , Park Chulyong
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated control strategies on the incidence of appendicitis in Seoul, using data from 2018 to 2020 from Korea’s National Health Insurance.METHODS: We analyzed records of total, complicated, and uncomplicated appendicitis cases, as well as the ratio of complicated to uncomplicated appendicitis, using natural spline and piecewise regression models to identify trends and breakpoints. Bayesian structural time-series (BSTS) models were used to evaluate the causal impact of social distancing on appendicitis incidences.RESULTS: The spline regression analysis indicated decreasing trends in both total and uncomplicated appendicitis cases. Conversely, the incidence of complicated appendicitis and the ratio of complicated to uncomplicated cases increased. Breakpoints for a decline in uncomplicated appendicitis and a rise in the ratio occurred at 31 weeks in 2020 (95% confidence interval [CI], 23.2 to 38.8) and at 33.9 weeks (95% CI, 28.3 to 39.6), respectively. The BSTS model demonstrated a 7.8% reduction in total appendicitis cases (95% credible interval [CrI], -12.1 to -3.3). It also showed a 17.4% decrease in uncomplicated cases (95% CrI, -22.2 to -12.3) and increases of 12.8% (95% CrI, 4.9 to 22.0) in complicated cases and 39.0% (95% CrI, 27.0 to 53.3) in the ratio of complicated to uncomplicated appendicitis.CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a decrease in both total and uncomplicated appendicitis cases, while the number of complicated cases increased. Reduced medical visits likely accounted for these changes. Strategies are needed to manage changes in disease pathophysiology resulting from altered healthcare utilization during health crises.
On universal (in the sense of signs) Fourier series with respect to the Walsh system
Authors: Grigoryan Martin Gevorgovich
Published: October 2024

We study the problem of the existence of (universal) functions whose Fourier-Walsh series are universal in the sense of signs in the class of almost finite measurable functions.
Bibliography: 34 titles.
Automatic continuity of a locally bounded homomorphism of Lie groups on the commutator subgroup
Authors: Shtern Alexander Isaakovich
Published: October 2024

Let $G$ and $H$ be Lie groups, let $\pi\colon G\to H$ be a locally bounded homomorphism, and let $G'$ be the commutator subgroup of $G$. Then the restriction $\pi|_{G'}$ of the homomorphism $\pi$ to $G'$ is continuous.
Bibliography: 8 titles.
Trends in quantum reinforcement learning: State‐of‐the‐arts and the road ahead
Authors: Park Soohyun , Kim Joongheon
Published: October 2024

This paper presents the basic quantum reinforcement learning theory and its applications to various engineering problems. With the advances in quantum computing and deep learning technologies, various research works have focused on quantum deep learning and quantum machine learning. In this paper, quantum neural network (QNN)‐based reinforcement learning (RL) models are discussed and introduced. Moreover, the pros of the QNN‐based RL algorithms and models, such as fast training, high scalability, and efficient learning parameter utilization, are presented along with various research results. In addition, one of the well‐known multi‐agent extensions of QNN‐based RL models, the quantum centralized‐critic and multiple‐actor network, is also discussed and its applications to multi‐agent cooperation and coordination are introduced. Finally, the applications and future research directions are introduced and discussed in terms of federated learning, split learning, autonomous control, and quantum deep learning software testing.
Laboratory Testing of Light-Duty Vehicle Electric Cooling Fan Assemblies for Airflow Performance
Authors:   Cooling Systems Standards Committee
Published: October 2024

This SAE Recommended Practice is intended for use in testing and evaluating the performance of electric cooling fan (ECF) assemblies typically used for vehicle engine cooling. Conducted in a laboratory environment with intended heat exchangers, the performance measurement includes fan output in terms of airflow and pressure and fan motor input in terms of voltage and current. This information can be used to calculate the efficiency of the assembly, including aerodynamic efficiency of the fan and shroud, and electrical efficiency of the motor. The electric power consumption can be used to estimate electrical charging system sizing and fuel economy.

The performance of a given fan assembly depends on the installation details of the application, including the effects of system resistance and geometries of the grill, heat exchangers, engine and other underhood components, and front end components. This document provides guidance for duplicating such details in the test setup for accurate performance measurement.
The impact of environmental regulations on competitiveness and carbon leakage
Authors: Thomsen Simon Fløj
Published: October 2024

A substantial amount of literature investigates environmental regulations and their effect on competitiveness. This often leads to a comparison of the two competing hypotheses: the pollution haven hypothesis and the Porter hypothesis. The former suggests that environmental regulations can positively affect country level competitiveness through green research and development, while the latter proposes that environmental regulations negatively affect competitiveness through higher production costs. In this paper, we argue that the comparison between these two hypotheses should not only be limited to competitiveness alone but should also include a focus on carbon leakage. We use a two-area stock–flow consistent macroeconomic model calibrated to match key variables for the Danish economy. We incorporate the effects of both the pollution haven and Porter hypotheses within the model. As an environmental regulation is implemented in the Danish economy, we find an immediate negative effect on competitiveness, but as the innovational process is allowed time to play in, as suggested by the Porter hypothesis, the effect on competitiveness turns positive. Furthermore, we find negative carbon leakage rates when the effects of the Porter hypothesis are included together with the pollution haven hypothesis, contradicting the quite large positive estimates found for small open economies in the current literature. We find that the negative carbon leakage rates are a result of including the empirically validated effects of the Porter hypothesis, which are excluded in the current literature.