bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metamorphic InGaAs/InAsPSb Quantum Well Light Emitting Diodes for Operation in the Short‐Wave Infrared Region
Authors: Park Suho , Nguyen Phuc Dinh , Kim Yeongho , Jeon Jiyeon , McCartney Martha R. , Smith David J. , Kim Minkyeong , Kim Dongwan , Chun Byong Sun , Lee Sang Jun
Published: August 2024

Solid‐state infrared sources designed to emit wavelengths above 2 µm often face challenges in achieving high emission efficiency, minimizing power consumption, and reducing fabrication costs. In response, a 2.4 µm wavelength light emitting diode (LED) is developed using metamorphic In0.83Ga0.17As/InAs0.3P0.65Sb0.05 multiple quantum well (MQW) heterostructures. The substantial conduction (94 meV) and valence band offsets (300 meV) within this type‐I MQW LED architecture result in strong carrier confinement, improving electron and hole wavefunction overlap. Despite a notable lattice mismatch of 2.0% between the MQWs and InP substrate, the resulting LED wafer exhibits exceptionally low surface roughness (1.1 nm) and well‐defined, sharp interfaces within the heterostructures. Furthermore, this MQW LED exhibits favorable emission properties, including a low turn‐on field, minimal efficiency droop, and stable emission wavelength across varying injection currents. These advancements underscore the potential of such short‐wave infrared emitters for scalable applications in fields such as inspection, optical on‐chip communication, and biomedical diagnostics.
An Efficient Trifunctional Spinel‐Based Electrode for Oxygen Reduction/Evolution Reactions and Nonoxidative Ethane Dehydrogenation on Protonic Ceramic Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Xu Yangsen , Zhang Hua , Xu Kang , Zhang Xirui , Zhu Feng , Deng Wanqing , He Fan , Liu Ying , Chen Yu
Published: August 2024

Protonic ceramic electrochemical cells (PCECs) have received considerable attention as they can directly generate electricity and/or produce chemicals. Development of the electrodes with the trifunctionalities of oxygen reduction/evolution and nonoxidative ethane dehydrogenation is yet challenging. Here these findings are reported in the design of trifunctional electrodes for PCECs with a detailed composition of Mn0.9Cs0.1Co2O4‐δ (MCCO) and Co3O4 (CO) (MCCO–CO, 8:2 mass ratio). At 600 °C, the MCCO–CO electrode exhibits a low area‐specific resistance of 0.382 Ω cm2 and reasonable stability for ≈105 h with no obvious degradation. The single cell with the MCCO–CO electrode shows an encouraging peak power density of 1.73 W cm−2 in the fuel cell (FC) mode and a current density of ‐3.93 A cm−2 at 1.3 V in the electrolysis cell (EC) mode at 700 °C. Moreover, the MCCO–CO cell displays promising operational stability in FC mode (223 h), EC mode (209 h), and reversible cycling stability (52 cycles, 208 h) at 650 °C. The MCCO–CO single cell shows an encouraging ethane conversion to ethylene (with a conversion of 40.3% and selectivity of 94%) and excellent H2 production rates of 4.65 mL min−1 cm−2 at 1.5 V and 700 °C, respectively, with reasonable Faradaic efficiencies.
Enabling Sustainable Ammonia Synthesis: From Nitrogen Activation Strategies to Emerging Materials
Authors: Li Wen‐Qian , Xu Miao , Chen Jie‐Sheng , Ye Tian‐Nan
Published: August 2024

Ammonia (NH3) is one of the most important precursors of various chemicals and fertilizers. Given that ammonia synthesis via the traditional Haber–Bosch process requires high temperatures and pressures, it is critical to explore effective strategies and catalysts for ammonia synthesis under mild reaction conditions. Although electrocatalysis and photocatalysis can convert N2 to NH3 under mild conditions, their efficiencies and production scales are still far from the requirements for industrialization. Thermal catalysis has been proven to be the most direct and effective approach for ammonia synthesis. Over the past few decades, significant efforts have been made to develop novel catalysts capable of nitrogen fixation and ammonia generation via thermal catalytic processes. In parallel with catalyst exploration, new strategies such as self‐electron donation, hydride fixation, hydridic hydrogen reduction, and anionic vacancy promotion have also been explored to moderate the operating conditions and improve the catalytic efficiency of ammonia synthesis. In this review, the emergence of new materials and strategies for promoting N2 activation and NH3 formation during thermal catalysis is briefly summarized. Moreover, challenges and prospects are proposed for the future development of thermal catalytic ammonia synthesis.
A Biomimetic Autophagosomes‐Based Nanovaccine Boosts Anticancer Immunity
Authors: Qu Liping , Cui Guanhong , Sun Yinping , Ye Ruonan , Sun Yu , Meng Fenghua , Wang Shenqiang , Zhong Zhiyuan
Published: August 2024

Personalized cancer vaccines based on tumor cell lysates offer promise for cancer immunotherapy yet fail to elicit a robust therapeutic effect due to the weak immunogenicity of tumor antigens. Autophagosomes, obtained from pleural effusions and ascites of cancer patients, have been identified as abundant reservoirs of tumor neoantigens that exhibit heightened immunogenicity. However, their potential as personalized cancer vaccines have been constrained by suboptimal lymphatic‐targeting performances and challenges in antigen‐presenting cell endocytosis. Here,a reinforced biomimetic autophagosome‐based (BAPs) nanovaccine generated by precisely amalgamating autophagosome‐derived neoantigens and two types of adjuvants capable of targeting lymph nodes is developed to potently elicit antitumor immunity. The redox‐responsive BAPs facilitate cytosolic vaccine opening within antigen‐presenting cells, thereby exposing adjuvants and antigens to stimulate a strong immune response. BAPs evoke broad‐spectrum T‐cell responses, culminating in the effective eradication of 71.4% of established tumors. Notably, BAPs vaccination triggers enduring T‐cell responses that confer robust protection, with 100% of mice shielded against tumor rechallenge and a significant reduction in tumor incidence by 87.5%. Furthermore, BAPs synergize with checkpoint blockade therapy to inhibit tumor growth in the poorly immunogenic breast cancer model. The biomimetic approach presents a powerful nanovaccine formula with high versatility for personalized cancer immunotherapy.
Cu‐promoted Access to 1,4‐Diazine‐Fused Isoindoles Through Concomitant Csp3−N and Csp2−N Bonds Formation Starting from Constrained N,O‐acetals
Authors: Safi Christine , Othman Mohamed , Lawson Ata Martin , Moncol Ján , Oulyadi Hassan , Shova Sergiu , Waterlot Christophe , Ghinet Alina , Daïch Adam
Published: August 2024

Scarce dihydro‐1,4‐diazinoisoindole framework bearing two points of diversity was prepared through a cascade process based on concomitant Csp3−N and Csp2−N bond formation. This approach consists of an amidation in basic medium of a tosyl group by nucleophilic substitution followed by Cu‐mediated Goldberg reaction in the same operation. The required β‐bromoenamide bearing a tosyl group was obtained by tosylation of fused brominated N,O‐acetals for the first time in acidic medium using submolar amounts of PTSA. The obtained piperazines are useful building blocks as illustrated by the formation of a pentacyclic product via the intramolecular interception of the enamide function.
Blood‐based multivariate methylation risk score for cognitive impairment and dementia
Authors: Koetsier Jarno , Cavill Rachel , Reijnders Rick , Harvey Joshua , Homann Jan , Kouhsar Morteza , Deckers Kay , Köhler Sebastian , Eijssen Lars M. T. , van den Hove Daniel L. A. , Demuth Ilja , Düzel Sandra ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, Smith Rebecca G. , Smith Adam R. , Burrage Joe , Walker Emma M. , Shireby Gemma , Hannon Eilis , Dempster Emma , Frayling Tim , Mill Jonathan , Dobricic Valerija , Johannsen Peter , Wittig Michael , Franke Andre , Vandenberghe Rik , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Frölich Lutz , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Frisoni Giovanni , Blin Olivier , Richardson Jill C. , Bordet Régis , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , de Roeck Ellen , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Lleó Alberto , Sala Isabel , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Verhey Frans , Tsolaki Magda , Andreasson Ulf , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Streffer Johannes , Vos Stephanie J. B. , Lovestone Simon , Visser Pieter‐Jelle , Lill Christina M. , Bertram Lars , Lunnon Katie , Pishva Ehsan
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

The established link between DNA methylation and pathophysiology of dementia, along with its potential role as a molecular mediator of lifestyle and environmental influences, positions blood‐derived DNA methylation as a promising tool for early dementia risk detection.

METHODS

In conjunction with an extensive array of machine learning techniques, we employed whole blood genome‐wide DNA methylation data as a surrogate for 14 modifiable and non‐modifiable factors in the assessment of dementia risk in independent dementia cohorts.

RESULTS

We established a multivariate methylation risk score (MMRS) for identifying mild cognitive impairment cross‐sectionally, independent of age and sex (P = 2.0 × 10−3). This score significantly predicted the prospective development of cognitive impairments in independent studies of Alzheimer's disease (hazard ratio for Rey's Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT)‐Learning = 2.47) and Parkinson's disease (hazard ratio for MCI/dementia = 2.59).

DISCUSSION

Our work shows the potential of employing blood‐derived DNA methylation data in the assessment of dementia risk.

Highlights

We used whole blood DNA methylation as a surrogate for 14 dementia risk factors.

Created a multivariate methylation risk score for predicting cognitive impairment.

Emphasized the role of machine learning and omics data in predicting dementia.

The score predicts cognitive impairment development at the population level.
How fiber bundle alterations differ in presumed LATE and amnestic Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Lebrun Aurélie , Leprince Yann , Lagarde Julien , Olivieri Pauline , Moussion Martin , Noiray Camille , Bottlaender Michel , Sarazin Marie
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Typical Alzheimer's disease (AD) and limbic‐predominant age‐related TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 (TDP‐43) encephalopathy (LATE) are two neurodegenerative diseases that present with a similar initial amnestic clinical phenotype but are associated with distinct proteinopathies.

METHODS

We investigated white matter (WM) fiber bundle alterations, using fixel‐based analysis, a state‐of‐the‐art diffusion magnetic resonance imaging model, in early AD, presumed LATE, and controls. We also investigated regional cortical atrophy.

RESULTS

Both amnestic AD and presumed LATE patients exhibited WM alterations in tracts of the temporal and limbic lobes and in callosal fibers connecting superior frontal gyri. In addition, presumed LATE patients showed alterations in callosal fibers connecting the middle frontal gyri and in the cerebello–thalamo–cortical tract. Cortical thickness was reduced in regions connected by the most altered tracts.

DISCUSSION

These findings, the first to describe WM fiber bundle alterations in presumed LATE, are consistent with results on cortical atrophy and with the staging system of tau or TDP‐43 accumulation.

Highlights

Fixel‐based analysis revealed white matter (WM) fiber bundle alterations in presumed limbic‐predominant age‐related TAR DNA‐binding protein 43 encephalopathy (LATE) patients identified by isolated episodic/limbic amnesia, the absence of positive Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers, and no other neurological diagnosis after 2 years of follow‐up.

Presumed LATE and amnestic AD shared similar patterns of WM alterations in fiber bundles of the limbic and temporal lobes, in congruence with their similar limbic cognitive phenotype.

Presumed LATE differed from AD by the alteration of the callosal fibers connecting the middle frontal gyri and of the cerebello–thalamo–cortical tract.

WM fiber bundle alterations were consistent with results on regional cortical atrophy.

The different anatomical patterns of WM degeneration could provide information on the propagation pathways of distinct proteinopathies.
Alzheimer's disease CSF biomarkers correlate with early pathology and alterations in neuronal and glial gene expression
Authors: Ropri Ali S. , Lam Tiffany G. , Kalia Vrinda , Buchanan Heather M. , Bartosch Anne Marie W. , Youth Elliot H. H. , Xiao Harrison , Ross Sophie K. , Jain Anu , Chakrabarty Jayanta K. , Kang Min Suk , Boyett Deborah , Spinazzi Eleonora F. , Iodice Gail , McGovern Robert A. , Honig Lawrence S. , Brown Lewis M. , Miller Gary W. , McKhann Guy M. , Teich Andrew F.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION

Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) patients undergoing cortical shunting frequently show early Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology on cortical biopsy, which is predictive of progression to clinical AD. The objective of this study was to use samples from this cohort to identify cerebrospinal fluid  (CSF) biomarkers for AD‐related central nervous system (CNS) pathophysiologic changes using tissue and fluids with early pathology, free of post mortem artifact.

METHODS

We analyzed Simoa, proteomic, and metabolomic CSF data from 81 patients with previously documented pathologic and transcriptomic changes.

RESULTS

AD pathology on biopsy correlates with CSF β‐amyloid‐42/40, neurofilament light chain (NfL), and phospho‐tau‐181(p‐tau181)/β‐amyloid‐42, while several gene expression modules correlate with NfL. Proteomic analysis highlights seven core proteins that correlate with pathology and gene expression changes on biopsy, and metabolomic analysis of CSF identifies disease‐relevant groups that correlate with biopsy data.

DISCUSSION

As additional biomarkers are added to AD diagnostic panels, our work provides insight into the CNS pathophysiology these markers are tracking.

Highlights

AD CSF biomarkers correlate with CNS pathology and transcriptomic changes.

Seven proteins correlate with CNS pathology and gene expression changes.

Inflammatory and neuronal gene expression changes correlate with YKL‐40 and NPTXR, respectively.

CSF metabolomic analysis identifies pathways that correlate with biopsy data.

Fatty acid metabolic pathways correlate with β‐amyloid pathology.
Oriented Synthesis of Glycine from CO2, N2, and H2O via a Cascade Process
Authors: Kong Xiangdong , Liu Chunxiao , Xu Zifan , Zhao Jiankang , Ni Jie , Li Hongliang , Zheng Tingting , Xia Chuan , Geng Zhigang , Zeng Jie
Published: August 2024

Air contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen elements that are essential for the constitution of amino acids. Converting the air into amino acids, powered with renewable electricity, provides a green and sustainable alternative to petrochemical‐based methods that produce waste and pollution. Here, taking glycine as an example, we demonstrated the complete production chain for electrorefining amino acids directly from CO2, N2, and H2O. Such a prospective Scheme was composed of three modules, linked by a spontaneous C−N bond formation process. The high‐purity bridging intermediates, separated from the stepwise synthesis, boosted both the carbon selectivity from CO2 to glycine of 91.7 % and nitrogen selectivity from N2 to glycine of 98.7 %. Under the optimum condition, we obtained glycine with a partial current density of 160.8 mA cm−2. The high‐purity solid glycine product was acquired with a separation efficiency of 98.4 %. This work unveils a green and sustainable method for the abiotic creation of amino acids from the air components.
Unusual Cross‐Conjugation in Cyclic Dipeptide‐Based Building Blocks for Donor–Acceptor Semiconducting Conjugated Polymers
Authors: Wang Sijing , Ye Feng , Wang Jingyi , Ding Riqing , Peng Meishan , Li Jia‐Tong , Luan Yidan , Liao Jiaqiang , Guo Zi‐Hao
Published: August 2024

Cross conjugation, though prevalent in many organic compounds, is typically considered less effective for electron delocalization compared to linear conjugation. Consequently, it is rarely used as the backbone structure for semiconducting conjugated polymers. In this study, we designed and synthesized a novel building block, TIDP, which features a central cyclic dipeptide with cross conjugation characteristics. Strong intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions confer TIDP with a highly rigid and coplanar conformation. Importantly, theoretical calculations reveal that π electrons are well delocalized across the entire structure, despite its low aromaticity. Conjugated polymers incorporating TIDP exhibit high charge carrier mobilities, demonstrating the effective π electrons delocalization of this innovative building block. Our findings show that with rational design, cross conjugation can achieve effective π electrons delocalization, providing a valuable approach for developing high‐performance conjugated polymers for organic electronic materials.
Design of Ultra‐Narrow Bandgap Polymer Acceptors for High‐Sensitivity Flexible All‐Polymer Short‐Wavelength Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Chen Xiaofeng , Zhu Yu , Xu Yan , Rao Mei , Pang Pengfei , Zhang Bo , Xu Chenhui , Ni Wang , Li Guanghui , Wu Jishan , Li Miaomiao , Chen Yongsheng , Geng Yanhou
Published: August 2024

All‐polymer photodetectors possess unique mechanical flexibility and are ideally suitable for the application in next‐generation flexible, wearable short‐wavelength infrared (SWIR, 1000–2700 nm) photodetectors. However, all‐polymer photodetectors commonly suffer from low sensitivity, high noise, and low photoresponse speed in the SWIR region, which significantly diminish their application potential in wearable electronics. Herein, two polymer acceptors with absorption beyond 1000 nm, namely P4TOC‐DCBT and P4TOC‐DCBSe, were designed and synthesized. The two polymers possess rigid structure and good conformational stability, which is beneficial for reducing energetic disorder and suppressing dark current. Owing to the efficient charge generation and ultralow noise current, the P4TOC‐DCBT‐based all‐polymer photodetector achieved a specific detectivity (
) of over 1012 Jones from 650 (visible) to 1070 nm (SWIR) under zero bias, with a response time of 1.36 μs. These are the best results for reported all‐polymer SWIR photodetectors in photovoltaic mode. More significantly, the all‐polymer blend films exhibit good mechanical durability, and hence the P4TOC‐DCBT‐based flexible all‐polymer photodetectors show a small performance attenuation (<4 %) after 2000 cycles of bending to a 3 mm radius. The all‐polymer flexible SWIR organic photodetectors are successfully applied in pulse signal detection, optical communication and image capture.
A Thermally Populated Germylene‐Based Donor‐Acceptor Diradical
Authors: Zhao Yu , Zhang Yuchen , Wang Tao , Pei Runbo , Zhao Yue , Xue Xiao‐Song , Wang Xinping
Published: August 2024

This work reports synthesis of a germylene based donor‐acceptor molecule and its thermal excitation to a triplet state by coordination with a Lewis acid. Products have been characterized by single crystal X‐ray diffraction, EPR spectroscopy, and SQUID measurement, in conjunction with DFT calculation. The singlet‐triplet energy gap of the donor‐acceptor molecule is dramatically reduced from −18.8 to −7.2 kcal/mol by the coordination with B(C6F5)3 (BCF), which enables an intramolecular single electron transfer from one germylene moiety to another upon heating, forming an intramolecular radical ion pair with diradical character. The work provides an approach to the formation of thermally populated open‐shell species of heavier main group elements.
In situ Cyclization of Aromatic Thioethers in Emissive Materials to Generate Phosphorescent Dibenzothiophenes
Authors: Schmiedtchen Marco , Maisuls Iván , Siera Hannah , Balszuweit Jan , Wölper Christoph , Giese Michael , Haberhauer Gebhard , Strassert Cristian A. , Voskuhl Jens
Published: August 2024

In this contribution, we explored the photocyclization of thioethers to highly substituted dibenzothiophenes (DBT) using solely UV‐light without any need for additives. This cost‐effective, robust and environmentally friendly approach yielded phosphorescent compounds, which were characterized by X‐ray crystallography and state‐of‐the‐art photophysical methods. The resulting DBTs feature ultralong photoluminescence lifetimes and quantum yields close to unity in frozen glassy matrices. The reaction mechanism was elucidated in detail through a combination of quantum chemical calculations and experimental results, providing evidence that triplet states are involved in the cyclization process. Additionally, the photoreaction can also be induced within materials. For this purpose, the precursors were integrated into polymer films or polymer resins suitable for 3D printing. Irradiation of these polymeric objects allows motifs with ultralong phosphorescence to be irreversibly inscribed through the proceeding photocyclization. The in situ photogeneration of DBTs from aromatic thioethers overcomes the observed incompatibilities regarding solubility in polymer resins for 3D printing.
Strong Metal‐Support Interaction Triggered by Molten Salts
Authors: Guo Wei , Zhao Guoqiang , Huang Zixiang , Luo Zhouxin , Zheng Xusheng , Gao Mingxia , Liu Yongfeng , Pan Hongge , Sun Wenping
Published: August 2024

Strong metal‐support interaction (SMSI) plays a vital role in tuning the geometric and electronic structures of metal species. Generally, a high‐temperature treatment (>500 °C) in reducing atmosphere is required for constructing SMSI, which may induce the sintering of metal species. Herein, we use molten salts as the reaction media to trigger the formation of high‐intensity SMSI at reduced temperatures. The strong ionic polarization of the molten salt promotes the breakage of Ti−O bonds in the TiO2 support, and hence decreases the energy barrier for the formation of interfacial bonds. Consequently, a high‐intensity SMSI state is achieved in TiO2 supported Ir nanoclusters, evidenced by a large number of Ir−Ti bonds at the interface, at a low temperature of 350 °C. Moreover, this method is applicable for triggering SMSI in various supported metal catalysts with different oxide supports including CeO2 and SnO2. This newly developed SMSI construction methodology opens a new avenue and holds significant potential for engineering advanced supported metal catalysts toward a broad range of applications.
Oxygen‐doped Carbon Nitrides with Visible Room‐temperature Phosphorescence and Invisible Thermal‐Stimuli‐Responsive Ultraviolet Delayed Fluorescence for Security Applications
Authors: Tong Xinyuan , Wu Yongjian , Jiang Kai , Jiang Jun , Xu Yixuan , Feng Linger , Wang Xiaomeng , Du Jiaren , Lin Hengwei
Published: August 2024

Multi‐mode emissive materials with stimuli‐responsive producing invisible signals are very attractive for advanced security applications, but development of such materials remains highly challenging. In this work, oxygen‐doped carbon nitrides (O‐CNs) are prepared via microwave‐assisted heating of urea, which exhibit ultraviolet (UV) solid‐state fluorescence (SSFL), visible room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and thermal‐stimuli production of invisible UV delayed fluorescence (DF) properties. Further studies confirmed that the SSFL and RTP could be attributed to the introduction of oxygen functional group (e. g., C=O) in the skeleton of O‐CNs, thus minimizing the aggregation caused quenching effect, facilitating intersystem crossing, and stabilizing the excited triplet states. The specific thermal‐stimuli production of UV DF is deemed to be the relatively large energy gap between ground and excited singlet states as well as an effective triplet‐triplet annihilation. Notably, the emission maximum of UV DF locates at ~310 nm with an ultra‐narrow full width at half maximum (FWHM) down to 19 nm, so it is completely invisible to the naked eyes, but detectable by a UV camera. To employ the unique characteristics of O‐CNs, security protection strategies with superior concealment by virtue of the thermal‐stimuli quenching visible RTP and meanwhile producing invisible UV DF are demonstrated.
Cu‐W bimetallic nanoparticles decorated g‐C3N4 sheets: Facile construction and characterization for perception of dopamine in sensing application
Authors: Arulraj Selvam , Mohammad Yusuff Sheik Muhideen Badhusha , Rajaram Muthuchudarkodi , Almoallim Hesham Saleh , Aljawdah Hossam Mohammed , Alwarkurichi Munusamy Murugan , Hussein‐Al‐Ali Samer Hasan , Abualassal Qais , Abudayeh Zead Helmi
Published: August 2024

In this study, we present the development and analysis of electrochemical sensors utilizing graphitic carbon nitride copper‐tungsten nanoparticles (g‐C3N4 @Cu‐W Nps) capped with various cationic surfactants of differing chain lengths and counter ions. The fabricated nanoparticles underwent thorough characterization to assess their morphological, structural, and compositional attributes, revealing their uniformity, spherical morphology, and monoclinic crystal phases. Subsequently, these nanoparticles were employed in the fabrication of electrochemical sensors for hydrazine detection. A comprehensive comparison of the electrochemical responses, evaluated via cyclic voltammetry, was conducted between sensors utilizing bare nanoparticles and those capped with surfactants.
OTUD6B promotes cholangiocarcinoma growth by regulating STAT3 phosphorylation through deubiquitination of PTK2
Authors: Xing Guoqiang , Chen Hekai , Guo Zhiyue , Cui Yu , Li Yongyuan , Shen Jianwei
Published: August 2024

Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a hepatobiliary carcinoma with uncontrolled cell proliferation, poor prognosis, and high mortality. The ovarian tumor structural domain (OTU) containing protein 6B (OTUD6B) belongs to the OTU deubiquitin family and is vital in tumor development. However, its expression and biological function in CCA remain unknown. The expression of OTUD6B in CCA was analyzed using TIMER2.0, UALCAN, and GEO databases. MTT, clonal formation assay, immunofluorescence staining, immunohistochemistry staining, and flow cytometry examined the regulation of OTUD6B on cell proliferation, cycle, and apoptosis. The effects of OTUD6B on tumor volume and weight were assessed using the xenograft tumor model. The activities of PTK2 and STAT3 were detected by western blot and CO‐IP. The biological database identified that OTUD6B was upregulated in CCA. In CCA cells, OTUD6B knockdown reduced CCA cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis. Cell cycle analysis indicated that the cycle stopped at the G0/G1 phase after OTU6B downregulation. Furthermore, OTUD6B knockdown resulted in a decrease in tumor volume and weight in xenograft tumor models. Mechanistically, OTUD6B is involved in the deubiquitination of PTK2. PTK2 further affected the phosphorylation of STAT3 thereby regulating the CCA process. Our study demonstrates that OTUD6B knockdown participates in the ubiquitination of PTK2 and phosphorylation of STAT3 to alleviate the process of CCA. These results suggest that OTUD6B may be a potential new strategy for CCA treatment.
Prediction of clinical prognosis and drug sensitivity in hepatocellular carcinoma through the combination of multiple cell death pathways
Authors: Chen QingKun , Zhang ChenGuang , Meng Tao , Yang Ke , Hu QiLi , Tong Zhong , Wang XiaoGang
Published: August 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common malignant tumor, highlighting a significant need for reliable predictive models to assess clinical prognosis, disease progression, and drug sensitivity. Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of various programmed cell death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, entotic cell death, NETotic cell death, parthanatos, lysosome‐dependent cell death, autophagy‐dependent cell death, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, and disulfidptosis, in tumor development. Therefore, by investigating these pathways, we aimed to develop a predictive model for HCC prognosis and drug sensitivity. We analyzed transcriptome, single‐cell transcriptome, genomic, and clinical information using data from the TCGA‐LIHC, GSE14520, GSE45436, and GSE166635 datasets. Machine learning algorithms were used to establish a cell death index (CDI) with seven gene signatures, which was validated across three independent datasets, showing that high CDI correlates with poorer prognosis. Unsupervised clustering revealed three molecular subtypes of HCC with distinct biological processes. Furthermore, a nomogram integrating CDI and clinical information demonstrated good predictive performance. CDI was associated with immune checkpoint genes and tumor microenvironment components using single‐cell transcriptome analysis. Drug sensitivity analysis indicated that patients with high CDI may be resistant to oxaliplatin and cisplatin but sensitive to axitinib and sorafenib. In summary, our model offers a precise prediction of clinical outcomes and drug sensitivity for patients with HCC, providing valuable insights for personalized treatment strategies.
In situ N‐doped Bi3O4Br/(BiO)2CO3 ultrathin nanojunctions with matched energy band structure for nonselective photocatalysis pollutant removal
Authors: Di Jun , Liu Yi‐Ling , Zhang Yi , Guo Sha‐Sha , Wang Su‐Wei , Jiang Wei , Li Hua‐Ming , Xia Jie‐Xiang
Published: August 2024

Novel N‐doped Bi3O4Br/(BiO)2CO3 ultrathin nanojunctions have been prepared. Alkalization dehalogenation was performed to form Bi3O4Br, surfactant was employed to control the ultrathin thickness, and few‐layers of C3N4 as a sacrificial agent were used to build the N‐doped (BiO)2CO3. The photocatalytic behavior of the achieved N‐doped Bi3O4Br/(BiO)2CO3 ultrathin nanojunctions was evaluated through the degradation of antibiotic agent ciprofloxacin, tetracycline hydrochloride, and endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A as well as typical dye rhodamine B under visible light irradiation. The matched energy band structure between Bi3O4Br and (BiO)2CO3 could endow the highly efficient interfacial charge separation, thus leading to excellent nonselective photocatalytic behavior. The structure design in this system will open new windows for the reasonable design of other photocatalysts.
Synthesis of Porous Carbon Honeycomb Structures Derived from Hemp for Hybrid Supercapacitors with Improved Electrochemistry
Authors: Minakshi Manickam , Mujeeb Agha , Whale Jonathan , Evans Richard , Aughterson Rob , Shinde Pragati A. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Shrestha Lok Kumar
Published: August 2024

Energy storage in electrochemical hybrid capacitors involves fast faradaic reactions such as an intercalation, or redox process occurring at a solid electrode surface at an appropriate potential. Hybrid sodium‐ion electrochemical capacitors bring the advantages of both the high specific power of capacitors and the high specific energy of batteries, where activated carbon serves as a critical electrode material. The charge storage in activated carbon arises from an adsorption process rather than a redox reaction and is an electrical double‐layer capacitor. Advanced carbon materials with interconnecting porous structures possessing high surface area and high conductivity are the prerequisites 1128to qualify for efficient energy storage. Herein, we have demonstrated that a porous honeycomb structure activated carbon derived from Australian hemp hurd (Cannabis sativa L.) in aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 240 F/g at 1 A/g. The mass ratio of biochar to KOH during the chemical activation associated with the synthesis temperature influences the change in morphologies, and distribution of pore sizes on the adsorption of ions. At higher synthesis temperatures, the tubular form of the honeycomb starts to disintegrate. The hybrid sodium‐ion device employing hemp‐derived activated carbon (HAC) coupled with electrolytic manganese dioxide (EMD) in an aqueous Na2SO4 electrolyte showed a specific capacitance of 95 F/g at 1 A/g having a capacitance retention of 90 %. The hybrid device (HAC||EMD) can possess excellent electrochemical performance metrics, having a high energy density of 38 Wh/kg at a power density of 761 W/kg. Overall, this study provides insights into the influence of the activation temperature and the KOH impregnation ratio on morphology, porosity distribution, and the activated carbon's electrochemical properties with faster kinetics. The high cell voltage for the device is devoted to the EMD electrode.
Corporate social responsibility in the era of government subsidies: A novel empirical perspective on market competitiveness
Authors: Khurshid Adnan , Cifuentes‐Faura Javier , Hongbin Ying , Saleem Sardar Fawad
Published: August 2024

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is essential for businesses as it builds reputation and stakeholder trust, drives innovation, and contributes to social welfare. This study evaluates the impact of government support on CSR under various scenarios, using a dataset of 98 listed companies from Bangladesh and 111 from China between 2011 and 2023. Theoretical links are established by constructing a model representing an oligopolistic market of privately owned firms. The results suggest that the introduction of government support motivates private firms to comply with social obligations. This theoretical claim is supported by product market competition, which acts as an intermediary. The effect is evident across the whole lifespan of the firm. Furthermore, the correlation is stronger concerning competitive industries, businesses without political ties, and low‐ and medium‐size government subsidies. The results also show that the main channel through which government subsidies affect CSR is product market competition; however, the evidence is country‐specific. This suggests that the efficient allocation of financial resources is of great importance in this situation.
Biphasic Production of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a Recyclable Deep Eutectic Solvent‐based System Catalyzed by H4SiW12O40
Authors: Thanheuser Nico , Groteguth Jonas T. , Leitner Walter , Esteban Jesús , Vorholt Andreas J.
Published: August 2024

The reaction with in situ extraction to yield 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) from d‐fructose (Fru) was investigated using a biphasic system based on a self‐consuming deep eutectic solvent (DES) as reaction phase. The significance of choline chloride (ChCl), a cost‐effective and safe quaternary ammonium salt, was evident in enhancing HMF yield through fructose dehydration and concurrently suppressing side reactions. The DES system demonstrated fast reactions with high selecivities and recyclability across five cycles. The observed decline in H4SiW12O40 activity, primarily due to proton leaching, was successfully restored with the addition of HCl. Furthermore, ChCl exhibited ease of recrystallization in the presence of acetonitrile. This research proposes an environmentally friendlier approach for HMF production through a reusable‐biphasic process. The presented reaction system suppresses completely the formation of levulinic and formic acid leading to HMF yields of up to 84 % of selectivities of up to 88 % after 30 minutes at 80 °C. The system was recycled over 16 runs and after an initial slight loss of activity the system in the run 0–5, run 6–15 has shown a constant HMF output as in the first recycling run.
OMIP‐106: A 30‐color panel for analysis of check‐point inhibitory networks in the bone marrow of acute myeloid leukemia patients
Authors: Musil Jan , Ptacek Antonin , Vanikova Sarka
Published: August 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is the most common form of acute leukemia diagnosed in adults. Despite advances in medical care, the treatment of AML still faces many challenges, such as treatment‐related toxicities, that limit the use of high‐intensity chemotherapy, especially in elderly patients. Currently, various immunotherapeutic approaches, that is, CAR‐T cells, BiTEs, and immune checkpoint inhibitors, are being tested in clinical trials to prolong remission and improve the overall survival of AML patients. However, early reports show only limited benefits of these interventions and only in a subset of patients, showing the need for better patient stratification based on immunological markers. We have therefore developed and optimized a 30‐color panel for evaluation of effector immune cell (NK cells, γδ T cells, NKT‐like T cells, and classical T cells) infiltration into the bone marrow and analysis of their phenotype with regard to their differentiation, expression of inhibitory (PD‐1, TIGIT, Tim3, NKG2A) and activating receptors (DNAM‐1, NKG2D). We also evaluate the immune evasive phenotype of CD33+ myeloid cells, CD34+CD38−, and CD34+CD38+ hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells by analyzing the expression of inhibitory ligands such as PD‐L1, CD112, CD155, and CD200. Our panel can be a valuable tool for patient stratification in clinical trials and can also be used to broaden our understanding of check‐point inhibitory networks in AML.
Let it breathe: Allowing time for reflection
Authors: Freebairn‐Smith Laura
Published: August 2024

Let it breathe.
Busting five higher education myths
Authors: Dennis Marguerite J.
Published: August 2024

A myth is a widely held but false belief or idea. Although there are more, I have identified five myths in higher education today that I think would be of interest to deans, administrators, and researchers.
How do we assess social justice and leadership at institutions? A new study looks at mission statements
Authors: May Rachel
Published: August 2024

A new article in The Journal of Higher Education Policy and Research Studies, “The Complexity of Social Justice and Leadership on Campuses: An Analysis of Institutional Mission Statements,” explores how social justice and leadership function on 40 campuses that include social justice as part of their mission statement.
Trophic ecology of the African riverine elephant fishes (Mormyridae)
Authors: Sommer Gina Maria , Njom Samuel Didier , Indermaur Adrian , Nyom Arnold Roger Bitja , Jandová Kateřina , Kukla Jaroslav , Petrtýl Miloslav , Horká Petra , Musilova Zuzana
Published: August 2024

Multiple species of the elephant fishes (Mormyridae) commonly coexist in sympatry in most African tropical rivers and lakes. In this study, we investigated the trophic ecology and potential trophic niche partitioning of eleven mormyrid fish species from the Sanaga River system in Cameroon using the stable isotope composition of carbon and nitrogen in the muscle samples. Albeit most mormyrids mainly feed on invertebrates, we found differences in isotope ratios, and we report signs of the trophic niche partitioning among species. We further found significant differences in isotopic signatures within the Mormyrus genus, suggesting ecological niche diversification among three closely related species. We have also evaluated differences in the isotopic signals between seasons in four species, which could be possibly caused by species migration and/or anthropogenic agricultural activities. To evaluate body shape, we applied geometric morphometric analyses, and we show that most of the species are clearly morphologically separated. We focused on the mormyrid ecomorphology to identify a possible interaction between shape and ecology, and we found a relationship between the δ13C (but not δ15N) isotopic signal and morphology, suggesting their interplay during mormyrid evolution. Overall, we present robust evidence of the trophic niche partitioning within the mormyrid species community, and we integrate trophic ecology with morphometrics, shedding light on the enigmatic evolutionary history of these fascinating African fishes.
Skin derived branched‐chain fatty acids in fetal horse gut
Authors: Wang Dong Hao , Qi Lerong , Yang Tingxiang , Ren Yachen , Wang Zhen
Published: August 2024

Branched‐chain fatty acids (BCFAs) are mostly saturated fatty acids with a methyl branch at the penultimate or antepenultimate position to the CH3 end. Very‐long‐chain BCFAs (C ≥ 20) are uniquely found in surface lipids. Human and California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) are the only two species that possess vernix at birth, and vernix particles carry loads of BCFA to the gut, potentially influencing the establishment of the first microbiota. Horse (Equus caballus) contains high levels of BCFA in its surface lipids, and the current study aims to investigate if BCFA are components of a neonatal foal's gut. Electron ionization tandem mass spectrometry was used to distinguish iso‐ and anteiso‐form of BCFA from straight‐chain fatty acids. Abundant very‐long‐chain iso‐BCFA, mainly even‐numbered iso‐20:0, iso‐22:0, iso‐24:0, and iso‐26:0 were found in horse meconium but not in their manure collected a few months later. There are little differences in BCFA types and concentrations between foal manure and adult manure. Moderate to high levels of very‐long‐chain anteiso‐BCFA were also found. Comparisons of horse meconium BCFA to horse skin cholesterol ester BCFA content and to meconium from human and sea lion suggest its skin derived origin. The study expands our knowledge on the gut nutritional environment of a newborn horse, and further study is needed to establish the relationship between gut BCFA and microbiota composition in the first few hours of life.

Practical Applications: Branched‐chain fatty acids (BCFA) are bioactive compounds found in vernix caseosa, the lipid‐laden material covering the surface of a newborn baby. BCFA also reaches high concentrations from the third trimester of gestation until birth. However, the exact functionality and mechanisms of BCFA in the surface and gut of a fetus remain unclear. The current study aims to clarify the lipid conditions in the gut of newborn foals and to identify the associations between BCFA in the gut and on the skin at a critical point when the horse's microbiota establishes itself. The findings of the current study lay a path for studying the physiological functions of BCFA in horse models, potentially accelerating research related to BCFA.
Estimating erosion vulnerability within agricultural fields by downscaling the Daily Erosion Project (DEP): the OFEtool
Authors: Luquin Eduardo , Ferrie Chelsea , Gelder Brian , Herzmann Daryl , Zimmerman Emily , James David , Cruse Richard , Isenhart Thomas
Published: August 2024

Agriculture continues to be one of the most important sources of nonpoint source pollution to surface water bodies. Consequently, it is critical to identify and prioritize high‐contributing agricultural fields and sub‐field areas for reducing soil erosion and sediment delivery by implementing best management practices (BMPs). Current erosion risk assessment tools are either complex modelling approaches or rely on a simplified reality and generalized assumption. The Daily Erosion Project (DEP) is a daily estimator of precipitation, hillslope runoff, detachment and soil loss covering ~630 000 km2 across the Midwest United States. These estimations are reported daily and publicly at the hydrologic unit code 12 watershed resolution (approximately 100 km2). The main objective of this study was to develop a new tool (named Overland Flow Element tool [OFEtool]) that downscales the watershed scale of DEP to estimate average runoff and soil displacement within a field, helping to locate erosive hotspots at multiple scales. We also demonstrated the applicability of OFEtool in Bennet Creek‐Sugar Creek in East Central Iowa (the United States) and compared its results with other erosion vulnerability tools such as the Soil Vulnerability Index for Cultivated Cropland (SVI‐cc) and a GIS‐based Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). The same erosion risk classes and ranges (low, moderate, moderately high and high) were implemented for all indexes. The advantages of the OFEtool compared to the SVI‐cc and RUSLE models are related to the use of an event‐based modelling approach, such as DEP, with updated soil loss estimates based on temporal changes in climate inputs and land use and management. The OFEtool uses a 6‐year time frame and a more up‐to‐date field inputs, while RUSLE provides a long‐term average and SVI‐cc only considers soil and topographical factors for risk assessment. Results indicated that the spatial distribution of vulnerable fields (and parts of the fields) followed a similar trend as other tested indices. However, the risk level associated with each tool differed (SVI‐cc > RUSLE > OFEtool). These differences could arise from intrinsic disparities within the tools (inputs, timing, processes considered, assumptions). While currently limited to the DEP domain and relying on the DEP random sampling scheme, further research is warranted to validate the tool at other Midwest locations and ensure it captures the watershed's landscape variability (combination of terrain, soil, land use and management) required to identifying critical erosion hotspots.
A semantic axiomatic design for integrity in IoT
Authors: Abadeh Maryam Nooraei
Published: August 2024

In the complex, critical, and rapidly evolving era of Industry 4.0 manufacturing, mature engineering disciplines can be developed to validate system designs at an abstract level, enabling effective fault‐free environments. However, designing integrated IoT platforms presents significant challenges due to their inherent complexity and interoperability issues. To address this challenge, the proposed framework integrates axiomatic design principles with considerations for data integrity and domain ontology. Furthermore, this paper introduces a multi‐level integrity rule repository for IoT application to provides a robust foundation for designing and maintaining IoT systems. To validate the effectiveness of this approach, we conducted a study across four domains of smart cities. The design's quality was assessed using model quality parameters, including completeness, consistency and validity. Our analysis shows that the semantic‐aware axiomatic design framework can effectively address the problem of inconsistencies and low‐quality design in scientific IoT environments, providing a more reliable and efficient solution.
Icings as sentinels and modifiers of water flow through winter landscapes: An exploration of physico‐chemical processes on the lake‐dominated, discontinuous permafrost Taiga Shield
Authors: Alsafi Nora E. , Palmer Mike J. , Kokelj Steven V. , Ensom Timothy P. , Spence Christopher , Tank Suzanne E.
Published: August 2024

The winter hydrological period is in transition across the Canadian subarctic, as climate warming is shifting precipitation regimes, thawing permafrost, and altering active layer dynamics, and thus increasing the overall amount, and variability, of winter streamflow. Effects of these changes are poorly understood on the Taiga Shield, which comprises ~20% of North America's permafrost‐covered area, and is characterized by a unique ‘fill‐and‐spill’ hydrology whereby runoff generation requires the exceedance of lake basin storage thresholds. Here, we assessed lake hydrostatic levels and used trail camera images of icings, which are sheet‐like masses of layered ice that are common manifestations of wintertime flow on the Taiga Shield, to understand landscape controls on winter water movement in this region. We further used paired geochemical measurements to explore how source water characteristics affect icing chemistry, and the degree to which icings may modify the chemical composition of active winter flow. We undertake this work over 2 years, and across watersheds of different sizes and lake basin characteristics. We show that icing growth is driven by hydroclimatic controls that include fill‐and‐spill hydrologic constraints and winter air temperatures, and that pre‐freshet pulses of water flow are common within this landscape. Across winters with variable antecedent precipitation levels, a larger catchment was able to support icing growth via continued runoff generation, while small catchments were not. Icings were often chemically dilute compared with source waters, indicating that solute exclusion may actively enrich geochemical concentrations in flowing water. Across icings, chemical variation appeared related to source water type (groundwater versus lake; lake size) and apparent redox conditions. These results highlight that streamwater hydrology and biogeochemistry can be dynamic during the understudied winter period, and illustrate that icings may alter the composition of wintertime flow as it moves through fluvial networks.