bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Louis XIV versus Victor Amadeus of Savoy. Military Campaign of 1704 in Savoy
Authors: Kutishchev A. V.
Published: February 2025

This article aims to explore a specific campaign from the War of the Spanish Succession (1701–1714) to identify the defining characteristics of early 18th-century Western European military strategy. This study offers a valuable contribution to the comparative analysis of military affairs, which forms an essential part of the civilizational and cultural context of both Russia and Western Europe during this period. It focuses on the fighting in Savoy in 1704 and its reflection in the military correspondence of Louis XIV, his minister of war Chamillard and the French command in Piedmont and Savoy. The article delves into an episode of Western European history marked by dynastic conflicts and rivalries among reigning houses – an area that remains largely unexplored in Russian historiography. Several hallmark features of Western European military strategy are presented, including the decision-making process associated with “desktop” command and control, the establishment of limited operational objectives, a positional approach to strategy, and a tendency toward passive, methodical actions rather than decisiveness. The study also highlights a commitment to siege warfare and maneuver tactics, alongside the growing significance of engineering support and logistics. Furthermore, this military campaign was distinguished by the active participation of the local populace, the rise of partisan movements, the extensive use of diversion tactics, and the efforts of independent groups operating in isolation from the main forces.
Invidia status and imperium maris: Interpreting Visual Axes on Ancient Roman villae maritimae
Authors: Telminov V. G.
Published: February 2025

The article considers from a new perspective the concept of visual axes in ancient Roman representative residential architecture, employing Villa San Marco as a case for the study of typical seaside villas of the nobility. The private estates of the Roman nobility, including domus, villa suburbana and villa maritima, functioned not only as retreats but also as venues for hosting guests and engaging in political discussions and decisions. Such residences were designed to accommodate large gatherings while serving as a status instrument and showcasing their owners' taste and wealth. Within these villas, public representative spaces and private areas coexisted not in a random manner but following several structural principles, including that of a visual axis. Wallace-Hadrill introduced the concept of a frontal visual axis that linked almost all public and private spaces within a domus, thus demonstrated a certain prospect of social and loyalty mobility. The author of the article argues for the existence of lateral perspectives that could evoke different meanings and associations among guests, offering additional layers of interpretation. All identified axes are classified into groups according to their location and possible suggestions as invidia – “claim to a new status”, and imperium – “control over nature”. By introducing these two new types of perspectives, the article enriches the previously established idea of a single axis, thereby enhancing our understanding of the public-private landscape of a Roman seaside villa.
ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ОСОЗНАННЫХ СНОВИДЕНИЙ В РАБОТЕ ПСИХОЛОГА
Authors: Саякин В.Ю. , Карпова О.Ю.
Published: February 2025

В статье раскрывается понятие «осознанные сновидения», описываются фазовые состояния, связанные с осознанием во сне. Приводятся инструменты для работы со страхами, неуверенностью в себе, комплексами, травмирующими ситуациями из прошлого, внутренними частями личности, отсутствием интереса к жизни, трудностями с мотивацией и достижением целей, финансовыми проблемами и проблемами связанными с выбором. Рассматриваются особенности применения осознанных сновидений в психологической работе с клиентами.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ФИНАНСОВЫЕ АКТИВЫ В РОССИИ: ПРАВОВОЕ РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ
Authors: Лисовская И.А.
Published: February 2025

В статье рассмотрены особенности цифровых финансовых активов (ЦФА) – качественно новой экономической категории, имеющей значительный потенциал в качестве инструмента инвестирования и финансирования бизнеса. Представлена краткая характеристика правового регулирования ЦФА, необходимая для понимания их сущности и состава входящих объектов. Выявлены основные преимущества, недостатки и возможные перспективы развития ЦФА в России.

Introduction. Among the most promising cutting-edge tools that can significantly transform and improve the efficiency of business operations are, first and foremost, artificial intelligence, digital and cloud technologies, distributed ledger technologies, robotization, and many others. The emergence of fundamentally new objects, such as digital rights, including digital financial assets, cryptocurrency and others, necessitates an examination of their economic substance and an evaluation of the opportunities and challenges associated with their practical application. This article aims to present the findings of a study on the economic nature of digital financial assets (DFAs), their legislative and regulatory mechanisms, the benefits and risks they pose, and an analysis of their potential use in Russia. Results. The article focuses on the critical aspects of legal regulation of the new economic categories, including digital rights and DFAs. It uncovers their essence and features and presents various perspectives of specialists on the primary characteristics of DFAs. The article outlines the crucial prerequisites for the development of the global and domestic DFA market (the active use of blockchain technology, widespread use of cryptocurrencies, and global and macroeconomic changes). It provides data on the volume of transactions with DFAs in Russia for 2022-2023 and an evaluation of market growth prospects. The article also presents the main advantages of DFAs, such as investment attractiveness, security and transparency of records entered into the blockchain, the possibility of "splitting" a significant investment asset into parts, the lack of risk of unauthorized changes, and others. It also discusses the challenges of their practical use. The study concludesthat the use of DFAs as a tool for attracting investment (also by medium and small businesses) and financing, with an understanding of their inherent risks, will facilitate effective financial and investment decision-making. It will also assist in the optimization of business processes and interactions with business partners.
ЦИФРОВЫЕ ВАЛЮТЫ КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ СОВРЕМЕННЫХ ФИНАНСОВЫХ РЫНКОВ
Authors: Скопин Д.И. , Каранина Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Обоснована актуальность интеграции цифровых валют в финансовый рынок. На основе исследования видов цифровых валют, а также особенностей их механизма разработана модель стратегии дальнейшего развития цифровых валют на финансовом рынке. Представлены направления нейтрализации рисков, связанных с цифровыми валютами.

Introduction. The article is devoted to the current process of integrating digital currencies into the financial market, the strategy of their development, and directions of risk neutralization. The introduction substantiates the relevance of the research topic, which is determined by the increasing number of digital currencies that have appeared in recent years. However, their nature and mechanisms of usage remain unclear to the majority of the population, which entails many problems and risks for various economic entities. The goal of the work is to study digital currencies as a tool of modern financial markets. The research objectives include (1) definition of the concept and types of digital securities, (2) identification of the specifics of legal regulation of digital securities in the Russian Federation, and (3) systematization of risks associated with digital currencies in the financial market, and determination of directions for their neutralization. The study utilized the method of structural analysis aimed at a thorough understanding of the financial market structure, a better use of digital currencies in the financial market, as well as elaboration of strategies for the development of these financial instruments. Results. Based on the study of concepts and approaches related to the notion of digital currencies, a risk management algorithm has been created which includes analysis of the scenario behavior of currencies, regulation of the financial market, determination of priorities for risk neutralization, building a generic model for implementing the financial market development strategy. Conclusion. Firstly, the major outcome of the conducted research is the model of financial risk neutralization. The results of exploring the concept and mechanism of digital currencies made it possible to define their nature and the role of their functioning in financial markets. Secondly, the presented model is aimed at building a profitable digital currency portfolio and neutralizing risks in the financial market. Finally, special emphasis is placed on the need to periodically review the risk management strategy and make necessary adjustments and modifications depending on market changes and the overall situation in the financial market.
ОЦЕНКА ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МОДЕЛИ ИННОВАЦИОННО-ПРЕДПРИНИМАТЕЛЬСКОЙ ЭКОСИСТЕМЫ УНИВЕРСИТЕТА
Authors: Двоеглазов В.В. , Руденко С.А. , Репина О.М.
Published: February 2025

Показана значимость построения и развития инновационно-предпринимательской экосистемы университетов в обеспечении технологического суверенитета России. Определено, что одной из важнейших задач высших учебных заведений является эффективное использование интеллектуального потенциала преподавателей и студентов университета в разработке технологических идей и их коммерциализации в соответствии с потребностями экономики России. Отмечено, что инновационно-предпринимательская экосистема университетов формируется с учётом специфики экономики региона, сложившейся инфраструктуры поддержки предпринимательства, ресурсного потенциала и специализации вуза. Проведено исследование модели инновационно-предпринимательской экосистемы ФГБОУ ВО «Поволжский государственный технологический университет» (ПГТУ), занимающего позицию среднего уровня в Национальном рейтинге университетов России. Выделены основные направления развития инновационно-предпринимательской экосистемы университета.

Introduction. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem model of the university as one of the actors of the regional innovation system contributing to ensuring the technological sovereignty of Russia. The aim of the research is to study the model of the university’s innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem. The object of the research was the management system of Volga State University of Technology (VSUT); the subject of the research was the model of the VSUT innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem. Methods. The study employed the methods of the McKinsey 7S Model, benchmarking, SWOT analysis, and the methodological approach of the National Research University Higher School of Economics. Results. The assessment of the VSUT innovation and entrepreneurial ecosystem showed a high level of its development. The innovation infrastructure of the university was built in accordance with its entrepreneurial type. The component reflecting interactions between the сore divisions within the university appeared to be problematic. The biggest challenges faced by the university are budget financing reductions, a decline in the number of highly qualified personnel, and the increasing average age of the teaching staff. Conclusion. The following directions can be regarded as the key ones for strengthening the university’s ecosystem: the development of a system for monitoring the university ecosystem, the stimulation of the faculty and students’ entrepreneurial activity in order to form their entrepreneurial competencies, the development of the university’s internal environment and the university–government–business interaction system, as well as the enhancement of the role the university plays in the regional economy.
Emerging Technologies in Chemical Threat Reduction
Authors: E Meyle ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA, BA Wilson ,   Department of Microbiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois, USA
Published: February 2025

Emerging Artificial Intelligence (AI) applications and Machine-Learning (ML) technologies have changed the landscape of chemical threat mitigation. These technologies may enable production of novel threats and evasion of existing regulatory measures by bad actors. However, they can also be applied toward chemical threat mitigation in critical areas. Herein, we discuss the current state of global compliance with regard to chemical weapons norms and highlight applications of emerging technologies in three key areas of chemical threat mitigation: industrial verification, detection platforms, and medical counter measures.

Keywords: Countermeasures; Chemical weapons; Dual-use chemicals; Cheminformatics
A Universal Oxygen Scavenger for Oxidase-based Biosensors
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Saadeldin Mohamed , Buesen Darren , Elfaitory Hamzah , Burger Jakob , Friebe Vincent , Honacker Jonas , Voepel Tobias , Oughli Alaa , Plumeré Nicolas
Published: February 2025

EOxidase-based electrochemical biosensors are widely deployed for point-of-use applications, yet oxygen interference remains a major challenge, significantly reducing accuracy at low concentrations. Here, we developed a universal enzymatic O2 scavenger composed of alcohol oxidase, catalase, and paraformaldehyde to eliminate O2 within the sensor by converting it to water. Unlike other oxidases, alcohol oxidase exclusively uses O₂ as an electron acceptor, preventing interference with the electron transfer chain involving the sensing oxidase. We demonstrated the compatibility of this O2 scavenger for calibration-free sensing of glucose, lactate and creatinine in the concentration range relevant to human health. Without the O₂ scavenger, sensor readings were less than 50% of those under inert gas conditions. With the O₂ scavenger accuracy improved to 99%, even at low substrate concentrations. The general compatibility of this alcohol oxidase-based O2 scavenger unlocks the full potential of oxidase-based biosensors for reliable, calibration-free point-of-use sensing.
De novo designed β-hairpin peptides mimicking the LPMO copper-binding histidine brace motif
Authors: Falcone Enrico , Tomey Rosemary , Turley Emma , Cannella David , Robinson David , Ciano Luisa
Published: February 2025

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are Cu-containing enzymes that play a crucial role in lignocellulosic biomass degradation for use in biofuel production. These enzymes carry out the selective oxidation of C-H bonds in the sugar units, leading to the cleavage of the glycosidic bond. Creating LPMO mimics facilitates the study of the mechanism of action, the characterisation of the reactive species responsible for the C-H bond activation and the potential scale up for industrial application. Here we report the synthesis, characterisation and activity assays of two novel Cu-binding peptides that mimic the active site of LPMOs. CD, ATR-FTIR and EPR spectroscopic studies of the peptides and their corresponding copper complexes show that the sequences fold in a β-hairpin conformation and produce complexes with a single Cu ion bound in an LPMO-like environment, confirmed by computational studies. Activity assays were conducted with p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (PNPG) and demonstrate that the Cu-complexes show LPMO-like activity on the model substrate. Furthermore, the Cu-hairpins can also perform light-driven oxidation of phosphoric acid swollen cellulose (PASC) in the presence of melanin, similarly to some LPMO enzymes, an activity that is unreported for any LPMO mimic characterised so far. This work is the first example of a β-hairpin LPMO mimic and paves the way to further exploration of small peptide mimics of this key class of metalloenzymes.
Obtaining (BN)4C10 with excellent optoelectronic properties by screening boron-nitrogen analogues of cyclo[18]carbon, (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9)
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Xie Zhibo , Wang Jiaojiao , Zhao Wenwen , Yan Xiufen , Liu Zeyu , Ning Cai , Lu Tian
Published: February 2025

The geometric structures as well as electronic, nonlinear optical, and photophysical properties of boron-nitrogen (B-N) analogues of cyclo[18]carbon (C18), (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9), were comprehensively studied using density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) for screening the ring with excellent optoelectronic performances. As the C-C units in the molecules are continuously replaced by B-N units, almost all geometric parameters change monotonically, while almost all electronic properties undergo a turning point at (BN)4C10, suggesting that (BN)4C10 may have special optoelectronic properties. The isotropic polarizabilities of (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9) decrease sequentially with an increase in the number of B-N units in the molecule, while the total first hyperpolarizabilities as well as the values corresponding to second harmonic generation (SHG) and hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) experiments first increase and then decrease, reaching their respective maximum at (BN)4C10. Taking (BN)4C10 as an example, the anisotropic feature, spatial contribution, and structural origin of (hyper)polarizability were revealed thoroughly by analyzing (hyper)polarizability tensor, (hyper)polarizability density, and (hyper)polarizability decomposition, respectively. The frequency dispersion effect has a positive impact on increasing the response properties of (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9), and the higher the incident frequency of the applied field, the greater its effect on improving the molecular (hyper)polarizability. The absorption bands of (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9) lie in the ultraviolet range of 125–400 nm, indicating the transparency of these molecules in the visible light region. The hole-electron analysis of (BN)4C10 graphically and numerically illustrated that the maximum absorption of the molecule comes from localized electron excitation on the C-C moiety, which should also be a common characteristic of all (BN)nC(18-2n) (n = 1–9). The two-level model was used to rationalize the observed variation of the total first hyperpolarizability with replacement of groups from the perspective of electron excitation.
Impact of Timestep on Energy Drift and Accuracy of Alchemical Free Energy Calculations
Authors: Pal Saikat , Jahanmahin Omid , Zhang Shi , Lee Tai-Sung
Published: February 2025

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are essential for investigating complex bi- ological systems. Timestep selection is crucial for accuracy and efficiency, yet the common practice of using a 4 fs timestep with hydrogen mass repartitioning (HMR) and SHAKE for alchemical free energy (AFE) calculations requires further scrutiny. This study investigates the impact of timestep on energy drift and AFE calculations across three molecular systems: cAMP, ethane, and the protein-ligand system Tyk2 (emj 42 to emj 55), exploring timesteps from 0.5 to 4 fs. NVE simulations revealed a strong correlation between increasing timestep and energy drift, with and without HMR. Simulations without SHAKE were unstable at larger timesteps. Thermody- namic integration (TI) simulations in the NPT ensemble showed consistent dU dλ values for 0.5, 1, and 2 fs timesteps, but deviations up to 3 kcal/mol were observed at 4 fs in some cases. Statistical t-tests (p < 0.05) confirmed significant differences between the 4 fs timestep and the 0.5 fs reference, especially in aqueous solution. These findings, based on analyses across various λ states (0-1) and softcore treatments, highlight the importance of careful timestep selection. We recommend limiting the timestep to a maximum of 2 fs for accurate and reliable AFE calculations using HMR and SHAKE.
Setting the Bases of the Photogenotoxicity of p-Aminobenzoic Acid
Authors: Arnanz Julia , Monari Antonio , Corral Inés , Nogueira Juan J.
Published: February 2025

Despite its wide use in the past, the UVB filter p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is currently considered unsafe in the cosmetic industry. Among other reasons, there is the claimed formation of photoadducts with the nucleobases in DNA. We provide theoretical evidence showing the spontaneous intercalation of PABA in a (dAdT)6 · (dAdT) strand. The π − π stacking interactions between PABA and the nucleobases result in an effective coupling of the native excited states of both molecules, altering the optical properties of DNA. Transition density matrix analysis shows that although the absorption spectrum of the DNA-PABA complex is dominated by excitons, the dark charge-separated states, which have been associated with photodamaging radical reactions in the literature, are overall more numerous in the entire absorption energy range. We show that PABA→DNA charge transfer states are more abundant, more energetically accessible and potentially longer-lived than those across nucleobases, hence explaining the radicallic origin of the photoadducts between the filter and DNA.
Information technologies for the study of lexical and grammatical norms in the course “Ukrainian language for professional purposes”
Authors: Radomska L. , Moshnoriz M.
Published: February 2025

The article analyzes the current aspects of studying lexical and grammatical norms in the classes of the course “Ukrainian language for professional purposes” using information technologies. The authors consider the issue of developing and improving lexical and grammatical competence of higher education students as a requirement and basis for the culture of oral speech of a specialist. The purpose of the article is to analyze theoretical and methodological ways of studying lexical and grammatical norms using information technologies in the classes of the course “Ukrainian language for professional purposes”, as well as to study the problem of improving linguistic and communicative competence in higher education students in the context of the educational needs of the modern generation of “zoomers” in Ukraine, which, in addition to the global challenges associated with the COVID-19 pandemic, is forcibly exposed to the influence of social and demographic changes associated with the Russian-Ukrainian war.

In the article, the authors emphasize the need to take into account the specifics of studying this problem in the conditions of work of a higher education teacher with a generation of students aged approximately 17–22 years, that is, with the so-called virtual generation of “zoomers” (Gen-Z). This generation is characterized by a number of features that the teacher should consider. In particular, the article defines teaching methods that address the educational needs of a modern student.

For effective assimilation of the specified material, such methods are offered as: rapid change of type of activity, orientation on information technologies, individual approach, involvement in social interaction, gamification, interactive presentation of a new material, orientation on the visual rather than the auditory component, etc.

The most effective online resources were identified as: the educational platform “Vseosvita”, the graphic design tool “Canva”, the digital educational system “To the lesson”, the platform “Classtime”, the tool for creating educational cards “Quizlet”, etc. A typology of tasks possible for work on such platforms was proposed.

A promising direction for further research is the development of a database of tasks of different levels of complexity, narrow professional focus.
Drowsiness detection and its analysis of brain waves using electroencephalogram
Authors: Pushpa Balakrishnan , Harish D. , Sunil Kumar S. , Rohith S.
Published: February 2025

Innovative possibilities in healthcare and personal well-being monitoring are enabled by a system integrating EEG sensors, Arduino microcontrollers, and Python scripts for real-time drowsiness detection. The device captures brain wave signals, processes them, and analyzes patterns indicating reduced alertness, utilizing EEG sensors to record signals, Arduino for data processing, and CP2102 for data transfer to a computer. Python scripts analyze EEG signals to detect patterns such as suppressed alpha waves or increased theta waves, signaling drowsiness. This system has diverse applications, including monitoring patients recovering from anesthesia, assessing sleep quality in individuals with sleep disorders, detecting neurological conditions like narcolepsy, and tracking drowsiness in drivers, pilots, or operators of heavy machinery. It can also optimize sleep stages for better rest quality and enhance cognitive performance. The system offers advantages such as immediate intervention, noninvasive operation, affordability, portability, and ease of integration with existing systems, while achieving high accuracy in detecting drowsiness-related brain wave patterns. Future opportunities include integration with wearable devices, advanced machine learning for improved pattern recognition, and multi-modal sensing, showcasing the potential to transform healthcare and personal wellness monitoring for safer and healthier lives.
Transforming Semarang: The Legacy of Thomas Karsten in Urban Planning and Architecture
Authors: Indarti Fitri Dwi , Azzahra Anugrah Olivia
Published: February 2025

The concept of urban planning in the 19th century was differentiated through traditional and modern approaches, but the impact of the Industrial Revolution created new relationships between Urban Planning and other Urban Arrangements such as economic pressures, social and political changes, and urbanization. Before the influence of the Industrial Revolution, industry did not arise in urban areas, but industry grew in the suburbs. The development of Semarang began to grow when the economic system first affected modern capitalism. Many traditional institutions are slowly being replaced by more contemporary ways. According to Thomas Karsten, society is formed by different groups, each with conflicts between themselves, his analysis of this social tendency can be seen in the urban planning process he carried out. The concept is centered on a particular whole, a continuum of organisms in the form of an organic whole. The four main ethnic groups that lived in Semarang during the colonial era were: the Dutch and other Europeans, Chinese, Arabs, and Javanese. By accepting conventions, they live in separate groups according to race. During Karsten's first experience in urban planning, he developed an alternative to this acceptable system that could be applied in Semarang. He introduced the idea of a residential division represented by certain types of housing based on economic status classes such as upper, middle, and lower. He tried to bring different races to live together in the same place when judging from their earning ability. He also pays special attention to Indonesia's tropical climate and emphasizes features that contribute to the overall urban space, such as the planting of vegetables and trees, and the planning of low-density residential areas.
CONSEQUENCES OF CHANGING INTERNATIONAL SITUATION THROUGH THE PRISM OF THE LAS MEETING IN JEDDAH
Authors:   The National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Ryzhov Igor V. , Khokhlysheva Olga O. ,   The National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Kolobov Oleg A. ,   The National Research State University of Nizhny Novgorod
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the development of the Arab League in
the context of the transformation of the global geopolitical landscape in 2022–
2023. Special attention is given to changes in the structure and functioning of
the organization in response to global challenges. The region is characterized
by shifts in internal political dynamics, emphasizing new principles and development models that not only align with global trends but also significantly
surpass them. Furthermore, the impact of these changes on regional cooperation and stability, as well as on the international relations of the Arab League,
is analyzed. The article discusses both current and potential structural changes
within the organization, their implications for regional security, and interactions between member states. It also analyzes the role of the Arab League in
global politics, assessing its potential in the face of current and future challenges. The prospects for the organization’s further development are examined,
considering its ability to adapt to the evolving international environment, its
influence on global political processes, and the stabilization of the regional
situation. Additionally, the article highlights how the Arab League can contribute to the economic growth and development of its member countries amid
increasing global competition.
VOICES OF CHANGE. WOMEN’S REFORMISM IN MODERN ISLAM
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Alekseev Igor L. , Samoilova Elena E. ,   Russian State University for the Humanities
Published: February 2025

The article is an analysis of women’s views in the reformist movement in Islam which seeks to rethink traditional interpretations and calls for
the adaptation of Islam to modern realities. The reform movement in Islam
continues to develop to the present day gaining women’s voices. Many of representatives in the trend argue that the restrictions imposed on women have
no basis in primary sources and are the result of patriarchal interpretations of
sacred texts. Those ideas generate discussions and debate in Muslim societies as they raise fundamental questions of identity, tradition and faith. The
article considers views of women representatives in the reformist movement,
both liberal-minded and conservative, and also reflects the dynamics of their
ideological attitudes. Both directions are extremely important for the reformist
movement as a whole as they demonstrate the multi-vector development of
Islamic thought in that regard. The sources of the study are the key works of
modern female reformers since the ideas they put forward in the interpretation of Islam have not only increased noticeably in quantitative terms but also
strengthened in their value significance
FROM IDEA TO PRACTICE. REALIZING THE PROJECT OF THE KURDISH SELF-PROCLAIMED AUTONOMY IN SYRIA BOOK REVIEW: VERTYAEV K.V., IVANOV S.M., MAKARENKO V.V. ROZHAVA. THE PHENOMENON OF KURDISH AUTONOMY IN SYRIA / ED. BY K.V. VERTYAEV, I.A. MATVEEV. MOSCOW: IV RAN, 2023. 368 P.
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies, RAS, Polyakov Dmitrii S.
Published: February 2025

The Russian scientific community pays great attention to the
topic of the Syrian crisis. However, in that context, the issue of the functioning
of the Kurdish unrecognized self-proclaimed autonomy remains practically ignored. In general, books on the Kurdish cause have become a rarity for Russian
historiography. Therefore, the presented article deals with the unique work of
its kind, as well as with the problematics that were posed in the monograph.
In a relatively short review, it is quite difficult to cover in detail all aspects
of the presented research, because almost every one of the indicated topics
could become the subject of a full-fledged study. Therefore, the author has
selected individual plots, which, in his opinion, seem to be the most significant
and interesting in the issue of the phenomenon of the functioning of the Kurdish autonomy functioning
EXPANDING THE FRONTIER OF CHRISTIANIZATION: NON-CULT ACTIVITIES OF RELIGIOUS ORGANIZATIONS IN SOUTH OMO, ETHIOPIA
Authors:   Institute for African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zakharov Ivan A.
Published: February 2025

The article examines the main directions of non-cult activities
of Christian organizations in frontier regions, using South Omo zone (the
South Ethiopia Regional State) as an example. The research is based on indepth interviews with religious leaders conducted during field research in
Hamar Woreda. There are 35 types of non-cult work implemented primarily
by large churches that have a long-term presence in the region. Projects in
the fields of education and enlightenment, social support, peacekeeping and
conflict resolution were identified as priorities. Religious leaders share different
approaches to non-cult activities. Some see it as a blessing and consider it
essential for Christianization, while others view this approach critically and
prioritize religious teachings. The non-cult activities of Christian churches
in the region meets not only their own goals, but also the needs of the state,
which sees them as important partners for integrating this peripheral region
into Ethiopian society and the economy. It is shown that the high level of
engagement of these organizations poses risks associated primarily with sociocultural transformations in local communities
Una Perspectiva de las Aplicaciones de las Macroalgas en la Agricultura y la Alimentación
Authors: García-Gómez Celestino , Cruz-Martínez Carolina , Cuellar-Olivares Debanhy Alejandra , Esparza-Montenegro Frida Lizeth , León-Félix Ángel Renato , Elizondo-Luevano Joel Horacio
Published: February 2025

Este artículo de revisión se centra en el estudio de las macroalgas, su uso en agricultura y alimentación desde el punto de vista de la bioinformática. El artículo comienza con las generalidades de las macroalgas, donde son organismos fotosintéticos que prosperan en ambientes acuáticos y como es que se utilizan como fuente de nutrientes. Aquí destacan sus diferentes aplicaciones tanto en agricultura como en nutrición animal y humana, destacando su capacidad para ser fuente de proteínas vegetal y sostenibles. Se describieron y catalogaron las macroalgas (algas pardas, algas rojas y algas verdes) según color, composición nutricional y compuestos bioactivos. Se nombraron algunos ejemplos de especies de algas de cada tipo, como las algas verdes (Ulva, Codium y Chaetomorpha) y las algas pardas (Fucus, Laminaria, Sargassum). También se menciona el ciclo de vida y reproducción de las macroalgas, y se mencionaron algunas técnicas bioinformáticas utilizadas para el análisis de estas algas. Se revisaron 40 artículos de las bases de datos de Elseiver, Springer, PubMed y Google Scholar con un corte de búsqueda desde 2006 hasta mayo del 2024.
Betalaínas: pigmentos de la fruta del dragón para colorear tus alimentos
Authors: Martínez Ramos Alma Rosa , Abadía García Lucía Guadalupe , Cardador Martínez Anaberta , Amaya Llano Silvia Lorena
Published: February 2025

El color es uno de los atributos sensoriales más importantes de un alimento y para conservar esta cualidad, en la industria se utilizan colorantes sintéticos que se han asociado con el desarrollo de ciertas enfermedades por lo que, existe un interés creciente por desarrollar colorantes de origen natural como lo son las betalaínas, pigmentos que se encuentran en la pulpa y en la cáscara de la fruta del dragón, una fruta nativa de México que se ha popularizado a nivel mundial gracias a su alto valor nutricional y gran contenido de compuestos bioactivos. Esta revisión aborda de manera general los colorantes que se utilizan en la industria de alimentos. Posteriormente presenta el caso de las betalaínas como colorante natural y a la fruta del dragón como fuente de obtención de estos compuestos. Finalmente, de forma breve, la extracción de estos pigmentos a partir de la fruta del dragón como alternativa para su uso como colorante comercial.
Improving Broiler Chicken Farming Management in Closed Houses
Authors: M. Q. Sa’ad  , Sumiati  , R. Afnan  , R. Fadilah
Published: February 2025

Genetic improvements in broiler chickens represent a major advancement in the poultry industry. Through selective breeding techniques, broiler chickens now exhibit remarkably fast growth and improved feed conversion efficiency. Observations were conducted by comparing data from the previous period with suboptimal management and the new period with optimal management. The Coops with good management were observed over one period (approximately 6 weeks). The result were made by comparing the data between the suboptimal management with the improved management, and both sets of data were compared with the international Cobb 2021 standards. The measured variables included: depletion (%), feed consumption (g/bird), body weight (g/bird), feed conversion, performance index, and profit. Improvements in environmental conditions or milieu (temperature, humidity, feed management, water, ventilation, and litter) resulted to more optimal production performance. Depletion, feed consumption, body weight, and feed conversion met the company’s standards (body weight 2.5 kg, feed conversion 1.45, and performance index 450). The final performance was categorized as excellent, with a performance index of 512. Additionally, the profit from the new management was higher at Rp. 9,772 per bird than the old management Rp. 2,570 per bird.
Strategy for Development of Cattle Breeding and Reproductive Businesses in the Cikedung People’s Livestock Area
Authors: Y. Saputra  , R. Priyanto  , B. W. Putra  , L. Cyrilla
Published: February 2025

Cikedung District, a region with significant livestock potential, has yet to be comprehensively evaluated regarding cattle production and reproductive performance, agricultural waste utilization, cattle population, and rearing pattern diversity (intensive and semi-intensive). This study aims to formulate development strategies for local cattle breeding enterprises in the Cikedung area. Data were collected through observations and analyzed using the SOAR (Strengths, Opportunities, Aspirations, Results) framework and the AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The findings indicate that the development of cattle breeding businesses in Cikedung is influenced by internal factors, including production performance, calf births, and increased availability of green fodder, as well as external factors, such as marketing technology and expanded market access. The priority strategies identified are (1) enhancing sales and marketing, (2) standardizing livestock quality, and (3) strengthening the capacity of livestock farmers to produce higherquality cattle at competitive prices, thereby increasing farmers income. Key recommendations include adopting group-based livestock management approaches, expanding market access, optimizing the use of livestock resources, and fostering collaborations with government entities and stakeholders to advance cattle breeding initiatives in Cikedung.
Efficient Sequential Chromatographic Purification of a Recombinant Nanobody-Fc Fusion Designed for Treatment of Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome
Authors: Simona Serban , Long Liu , Yan Liu , Xiaoju Lei , Cheng Zhang , Yanjun Li , Xiaokang Kou , Alessandra Basso
Published: February 2025

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is caused by a virus that induces acute infections. Despite its expansion beyond China, where it first appeared in 2009, no specific drug exists to treat the disease. The discovery that antibodies targeting the SFTS virus surface glycoprotein (Glycoprotein N, GN) significantly enhance patient survival has driven the development of antibodies, particularly nanobodies. Nanobodies targeting the GN protein are a promising therapeutic approach. This paper presents a systematic study of the purification process for a recombinant nanobody-Fc fusion designed to treat the SFTS virus HB29. The study evaluated a sequential purification approach using affinity (AFF), ion exchange (IEC), and hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) techniques to gradually remove impurities. The results demonstrate that this approach achieves an overall yield of more than 50% and a total purity of 95%. Efficient nanobody purification methods, as outlined here, can pave the way for novel treatments to manage this disease.
Movimento por um Mundo Melhor
Authors: Novais Germano de
Published: February 2025

O Movimento por um Mundo Melhor reveste-se da característica singular de começar com a letra “M”, que nos lembra imediatamente um outro nome que principia pela mesma letra e pelo qual entrou a salvação no mundo. Sem Afaria não teríamos Jesus Cristo, centro da história da humanidade, centro da Igreja e centro de cada alma em particular! Por Afaria nos veio a Luz do Mundo! Aos pés de Maria, na silenciosa capela da Mater Pietatis, no antigo castelo de Mondragone — o mesmo que assistiu à reforma do calendário de Gregório XIII, onde centenas de oliveiras e ciprestes seculares se perfilam em ordem de batalha verde, enfrentando a amplidão, sob as bênçãos daquela que é Mãe de todos os filhos e Rainha de todas as mães, cresceu o Movimento por um Mundo Melhor.
Finalidade contra Acaso
Authors: Bernard José
Published: February 2025

No seu livro sôbre a ordem finalística na natureza, Jorge Siegmund conta: “Nos anos sessenta do século passado, laços de amizade uniam, em Basiléia, o professor Culman com o anatomista H. von Meyer. O primeiro comprazia-se em expor ao amigo a sua “estática gráfica”, doutrina que permite calcular as forças de pressão e tensão em sistemas portadores. Quando Meyer examinou ocasionalmente um fémur, aberto longitudinalmente, constatou com enorme admiração que as estrias (êle as chamou de pequenas vigas) no interior do osso estão dispostas em linhas que concordam exatamente com as curvas de pressão e tensão, calculadas teoricamente pelo construtor Culman. As estrias ósseas no fémur estão repartidas exatamente como devem ser construídos os pilares portadores no interior de uma tôrre ou guindaste artificial, segundo as exigências teóricas de estabilidade.
ECONOMIC CRIME UNDER MARTIAL LAW IN UKRAINE
Authors: Korniienko Maksym , Foros Hanna , Baranov Serhii
Published: February 2025

The ongoing instability of Ukraine within the global political and economic arenas has resulted in an escalation of criminal activity within the nation. The aim of this research is to study economic crime under martial law in Ukraine and to develop effective ways of preventing it. The paper presents a systematic analysis of the state of research on economic crime under martial law in Ukraine, topical issues of economic crime prevention and its methodological tools. The dearth of research into the challenges of preventing economic crime under martial law in Ukraine, coupled with the absence of efficacious measures to address these issues, underscores the imperative for a comprehensive enhancement of the legislative framework for preventing economic crime. Consequently, the prevailing national security and defence strategy falls short in ensuring the alignment of the Ukrainian security sector with the scientific and practical imperatives. A substantial proportion of economic crime under martial law in Ukraine is latent crime, primarily attributable to two factors. Firstly, the victim's reluctance to report crimes is predominantly influenced by circumstances that are beyond their control. Secondly, and more commonly, victims are unable to report crimes committed against them, predominantly in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine. The study of the state and trends of economic crime demonstrated a marked increase in the number of economic crimes, particularly fraud, during periods of martial law.
DIGITAL DETERMINANTS OF NATIONAL ECONOMY RESILIENCE
Authors: Sorokina Alyona , Lebedeva Larysa , Lositska Tetiana
Published: February 2025

The objective of this research is to ascertain the pivotal factors that exert influence on the resilience of the national economy, employing Ukraine as a case study. The subject of the study is, therefore, the resilience of the national economy. Methodology. In order to outline the theoretical foundations of the study, the methods of theoretical generalisation, historical method and systematisation method were used. The study of the level of digitisation and its impact on economic resilience was based on comparative analysis, systematic and experimental methods. In addition, statistical, index and indicative analysis, as well as graphical and tabular methods were used. Value / Originality. In order to assess economic resilience in the context of digitalisation, a Methodology for Assessing Digital Resilience of the National Economy was developed. The overarching objective of this methodology is to evaluate the digital resilience of the economy in the face of both external and internal pressures. Utilising this methodology, an Integral Index of Digital Resilience for Ukraine was subsequently calculated. Results. The calculations showed that Ukraine has a moderate level of digital resilience. The proposed methodology identified vulnerabilities in the household sector, such as significant disparities in digital literacy among the population, the availability of quality ICT technologies, and the development of legislation on the protection of personal data on digital platforms. In the business sector, the assessment found a strong relationship between the adoption of digital technologies and increased resilience to economic shocks, particularly in the use of ICT technologies and the readiness for further digital development. The assessment of the government sector showed it to be the most resilient, given the existing digital transformations and e-services.
Investigating lipid and glucose profiles in type 2 diabetes mellitus: Evidence from a cross-sectional study in North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Einelin J.F. Langitan  , Murniati Tiho  , Diana S. Purwanto
Published: February 2025

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder often accompanied by dyslipidemia, a condition that exacerbates cardiovascular risks. Despite extensive research, the relationship between total cholesterol levels and fasting blood sugar levels remains unclear, particularly in underrepresented populations. This study investigates the correlation between total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels in T2DM patients treated at ODSK Hospital, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted using secondary data from the medical records of 65 T2DM patients between April 2022 and July 2024. Total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels were classified according to established clinical guidelines. The Spearman-Rank correlation test assessed the relationship between the variables. Among the patients, 52.3% were female, and 33.8% were aged 65–74 years. Approximately 47.7% had normal cholesterol levels, while 81.5% exhibited fasting blood sugar levels ≥126 mg/dL. Statistical analysis revealed no significant correlation between total cholesterol and fasting blood sugar levels (r = -0.129, ρ = 0.307). The findings suggest independent regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism in T2DM patients. These results emphasize the need for individualized management strategies targeting both dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia as separate clinical priorities. Future research should explore larger populations and additional metabolic markers to further elucidate these complex interactions.