bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
COCKLE SHELL ASH REPLACEMENT FOR CEMENT AND FILLER IN CONCRETE
Authors: Othman Nor Hazurina , Abu Bakar Badorul Hisham , Mat Don Mashitah , Megat Johari Megat Azmi
Published: July 2024

The concepts of eco-friendly building are getting more attention today. The use of materials from natural sources is an alternative to the realization of the green building concept. Considering this approach, a study was conducted to investigate the potential of cockle shell ash as a material for partial cement replacement or a filler material. The study was to determine the chemical composition of cockle shell ash and were determined using Fluorescence X-ray analysis. The observation of on the morphology structure based on SEM analysis was also performed. The next phase involved in determining the concrete properties such as compressive strength, tensile, modulus of elasticity, water permeability and porosity made from mixture of cockle shell ash of 5%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 50% and compared to normal concrete cured in ordinary water at the 7, 28, 90 days and up to 120 days for water permeability test. As a result, with the inclusion of 5% and 10% of cockle shell ash, morphology structure seems compacted that effected the strength, modulus of elasticity, permeability and porosity of the concrete.
A REVIEW ON THE LABORATORY MODEL TESTS OF TUNNELS IN SOFT SOILS
Authors: Hajihassani Mohsen , Marto Aminaton , Makhtar Ahmad Mahir , Kasim Fauziah
Published: July 2024

Tunnelling through densely populated areas is usually associated with undesirable ground movement and damage to adjacent buildings. Consequently, it is essential to investigate the mechanism of the soil movements around the tunnel as well as ground surface. Laboratory model tests provide comprehensive understanding of the soil movements induced by tunnelling and failure mechanism as well. This paper presents a review on the laboratory model test of tunnels in soft soils
JOB MIX PARAMETERSâ€™ EFFECTS ON ALKALI SILICA REACTIVITY RELATED EXPANSION IN CONCRETE
Authors: R. Latifee Enamur
Published: July 2024

Numerous test methods to assess aggregate reactivity (for ASR) have been proposed and standardized in the last couple of decades. However, all of the standard test methods can only find ASR potential of aggregates within the scope of the test (with standard test mix proportion) but none of these methods incorporate actual job mix propotions (with job mix w/c, total cement amount and total alkalinity, SCM replacement % etc.) and therefore can not predict correctly the actual concrete expansion potential due to ASR. This article focuses on the job mixture parametersâ€™ effects on ASR expansion. Miniature Concrete Prism Test (MCPT)-a rapid ASR test method was employed to evluate the job mix parametersâ€™ effects. The factors considered areinfluence of i) w/c ratio ii) Cement Alkalinity iii) Total Cement Content iii) Total Alkali Loading. The ASR expansions of concrete specimens (as % expansion) in different variable conditions were measured. Based on the results, it is found that the w/c ratio of concrete has minimal influence on the observed expansions of specimens due to ASR (within the scope of the research), but cement alkalinity and cement content (in terms of alkali loading) has significant effect(within the scope of the research) and there is a very good correlation (near linear) between the total alkali loading and the expansion due to ASR.
GAP-ACCEPTANCE BEHAVIOR AT UNCONTROLLED INTERSECTIONS IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
Authors: Serag Mohamed Sadek
Published: July 2024

Left-turn gap acceptance at an uncontrolled intersection is dependent on many factors. Most existing studies evaluate gap acceptance in developed countries and less deal with developing countries. Morover, most existing studies also do not differentiate between gap and lag when evaluating gap acceptance. In this paper, a binary logit left-turn gap acceptance model is developed using 1496 field observations in Egypt as one of the developing countries. Gap acceptance behavior was found to be influenced by the type of gap presented to the driver (gap or lag). Size of time interval, driver's time-to-turn, and oncoming driver yielding behavior were found to be the potential influencing factors. Equations for estimating the critical gap and lag were developed and applied for different scenarios. Critical gap and lag were found to be varying over a wide range of. These values were less than those of developed countries which confirms the more risky behavior of drivers in developing countries. The findings from this study can improve operational analysis of left turns at unsignalized intersections by using different critical gaps for different traffic and geometric conditions.
INTERACTION BETWEEN BEDDING SAND THICKNESS AND SHELL GROOVE-UNDERSIDE SHAPED CONCRETE BLOCK PAVEMENT
Authors: Mohamed Azman , Md Nor Hasanan , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Yaacob Haryati , Ismail Che Ros , Abd Khalid Nur Hafizah
Published: July 2024

Underside Shaped Concrete Block (USCB) has groove shaped at the underside block surface to produce resistance in horizontal plane and to grip onto the bedding sand layer. However, the horizontal movement of block units is the major problem in pavement due to vehicle braking and accelerated action. This paper presents the laboratory evaluation on vertical and horizontal displacement of shell groove-USCB pavement laid onto different bedding sand layer thickness. A pavement laboratory test was conducted to investigate the interaction between USCB type of the Shell-Rectangular 15 mm (Shell-R15) and bedding sand on three different loose bedding sand layer thicknesses of 50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm respectively. Then, push-in loading test and horizontal loading test were performed. The results showed that interaction between USCB Shell-R15 and bedding sand layer thickness had significant influence to the vertical and horizontal displacement compared to control of 50 mm loose bedding sand layer thickness. The loose bedding sand layer thickness of 70 mm performed better compared to others.
FLEXURAL TIMBER DESIGN TO EUROCODE 5 AND THE MALAYSIAN TIMBER CODE MS 544: 2001
Authors: Sheikh Shujaatullah , Ahmad Yusof
Published: July 2024

For years, MS 544 has served as the code of practice for Malaysian engineers designing structural timber members using local timber species. The permissible stress design (PSD) code, published by the Department of Standards Malaysia, is closely modelled after the now obsolete British Standards code of practice CP 112. However, as the world moves rapidly towards globalization and the international engineering community having long since embraced limit state design philosophy, it is high time that Malaysian engineers do the same for structural timber by adopting the modern code of practice EN 1995-1-1. This code, also known as Eurocode 5, has been used in the United Kingdom and much of Western Europe for at least the past five years. This paper seeks to compare MS 544: 2001 and Eurocode 5 in terms of design philosophy and methodology, and highlights the similarities and differences between the two codes of practice, in particular for flexural timber design.
AN EXPERIMENTAL FACTORIAL DESIGN FOR ASR MITIGATION WITH FLY ASH
Authors: R. Latifee Enamur
Published: July 2024

Use of fly ash by percent replacement of cement by weight is considered as one of the most economical and effective method for mitigating Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) related distress in the concrete. Fly ash reduces the pore solution alkalinity through increasing the alkali binding capacity of the cement hydrates and through pozzolanic reaction. However, Fly ash is proven to be somewhat variable in its effectiveness on inhibiting alkali-silica reactivity, principally because its composition depends on the coal properties from which it is derived. Typically Class C fly ashes are not as efficient as Class F ashes due to their higher calcium oxide content. Also, it is not established if the dosage of fly ash is more influential than type of fly ash and vice versa. Therefore, in the field, for a certain job mixture, the prediction of mitigation effect of a certain type and dosage of fly ash is difficult. This research aims to correctly predict the effectiveness of fly ash mitigation, to find out the most influential factor and interaction effects between factors. A statistical model, of two-level design with 3 factors, was developed based on three main factors: fly ash lime content, dosage and soak solution alkalinity. The statistical model was verified with additional experimental results with random fly ash-lime content and different dosages; which matched very well with the model predictions. Therefore, such model(s) could be applied in practice with the availability of larger database. Also, another finding of this research is that, the lime content of the fly ash is the most significant factor followed by the dosage level.
FREQUENCY ANALYSIS OF ANNUAL MAXIMUM DAILY RAINFALL IN WADI ALAQIQ, SAUDI ARABIA
Authors: Abd Rahman Norhan , Alahmadi Fahad , Sen Zekai , Taher Saud
Published: July 2024

In arid regions the rainfall is highly variable temporally and spatially. Statistical frequency analyses help to extract design rainfall intensity for different return periods. Wadi Alaqiq catchment at Madinah region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is selected to estimate the frequency of the daily rainfall, where there are two rainfall stations (Madinah and BirMashi) with more than 40-year annual maximum daily rainfall magnitudes. Several probability distribution functions are tested through goodness-of-fit (GOF). Anderson-Darling (AD) test is applied to select the best statistical distribution and L-moments method is applied for parameters estimation. The generalized logistic and generalized extreme value PDFs are the best for this arid region data for both stations. The findings are useful for application of flood frequency analysis in arid region with similar conditions of hydrological systems. In the mean-time, the climate change effects have been explained through the innovative trend analysis.
ANALYTICAL FRAGILITY CURVES FOR REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDING USING SINGLE POINT SCALED SPECTRUM MATCHED GROUND MOTION ANALYSES
Authors: Mazumder Ram Krishna , Uddin Muhammad Saif , Dey Rajen , Ansary Mehedi Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Seismic performance is obtained for a five-storied reinforced concrete frame building performing non-linear dynamic time history analyses. Performance of the building was obtained as a mean of fragility function of spectral acceleration. Earthquake ground motion records are selected from online source considering local earthquake faults scenario proposed in Comprehensive Disaster Management Program (CDMP) and then scaled to fit with Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC) 1993 design response spectra. Since the structure is considered as typical reinforced concrete ordinary moment resisting frame located in Bangladesh, mechanical properties and other associated parameters are chosen according to Bangladeshi perspective. Each ground motion spectrum is matched with design code spectrum at fundamental time period of the building. Non-linear static pushover analysis is performed to determine damage states from pushover curve. Four damage states (from slight to collapse) are defined based on simplified assumptions. A set of dynamic time history analyses are carried out in order to obtain probability density function of the displacement demand correspond to different level of ground motions. Cumulative distribution of each associated damage states allows deriving fragility curves. Finally four fragility curves are obtained for four damge grades (slight, moderate, severe and collapse).
FOUNDATION MODELING TECHNIQUES AND CORRESPONDING JOINTED CONCRETE AIRFIELD PAVEMENT RESPONSES
Authors: Abu El-Maaty Ahmed Ebrahim , El-Din Eman Muhammed Salah
Published: July 2024

Concrete pavement design procedure is expected to provide acceptable performance for a projected period under a broad range of conditions. Numerous scholars established their models grounded on finite element models (FEM) for investigation of jointed concrete pavement (JCP). FEM of concrete pavement systems requires a reasonable demonstration of the foundation layer. The main two techniques for simulating the foundation layer are the solid bricks element model with specific depth and the elastic Winkler model. Each has its advantages and limitations. The effect of these two techniques on the pavement responses was investigated using finite element code, ABAQUS (6.13). The provided model represents the real stress behavior of pavements and able to accommodate different types of rigid pavement layers, multiple combined actions, from slab-base friction, from dowel-concrete interaction, and from traffic loads. Analysis of the results is mainly in term of load transfer indicators. The notion of load transfer efficiency (LTE) is essential in airfield design procedures. Comprehending the response of rigid airfield pavement under such circumstances is essential for developing a new pavement design procedure, as well as applying appropriate preservation measures for present pavements.
PERFORMANCE OF SINGLE LAP JOINTS USING ADHESIVE AND SELF-DRILLING SCREW FOR COLD-FORMED STEEL UNDER TENSILE LOADING
Authors: Bong Rackford , Osman Mohd Hanim , Misol Falinah
Published: July 2024

Adhesive and screw connections are usually used in single lap connections for coldformed steel. In this study, the work focuses on the joints strength of connection for both adhesive and self-drilling screw on tensile performance. Experimental investigations were conducted on the single lap joints design. The average failure load (joints strength) of adhesive connections was found to be 50% higher than the screws joints. More often than not, the joint effectiveness of adhesive is based along the area of adhesive meanwhile for screw depends on the number of screws used.
PROPERTIES OF COARSE AND FINE PALM OIL CLINKER AGGREGATES
Authors: Azillah Nazry , Mohamed Roslli Noor , A. Khalid Nur Hafizah , A. Shukri Nazirah , Nazreen M. Sazlly
Published: July 2024

Palm oil clinker (POC) is a waste from the incineration of palm oil shell and fibre. It can be easily obtained from palm oil mill and is abundant available resources. This paper focused on characterization of POC used as fine and coarse aggregates in concrete. The utilization of POC has been accepted to produce lightweight concrete, apart from overcoming the POC disposal problems. Moreover, the use of POC in concrete also could overcome the depletion of sand and granite which can cause nature imbalance. In this study, the characterization of aggregates covers the physical and strength properties. In order to obtain the physical properties, the specific gravity, water absorption, sieve analysis, fineness modulus and moisture content tests were conducted. For strength properties, Los Angeles abrasion value test was conducted. It was found that the coarse and fine POC aggregates have a density of 817.17 kg/m3 and 917.82 kg/m3 , respectively, which were lighter than normal granite and sand as much as 36.85%% and 29.45%. This is due to its porous nature of POC aggregates. This nature tends to absorb excessive water which contributes to higher moisture content and water absorption. This study concludes that POC aggregates have a potential in producing lightweight aggregate for concrete.
SANDY BEACH PROFILE EVOLUTION
Authors: Rahim Nor Suhaila , Jamal Mohamad Hidayat , Abd Wahab Ahmad Khairi , Othman Ilya Khairanis , Ismail Zulhilmi , Othman Norasman , Saâ€™ari Radzuan
Published: July 2024

Erosion and accretion of beach profile mostly occur on surf and swash zone. Beach profile evolution is affected by tide, wave, beach material and slope. However, rainfall and groundwater level may also affect the profile changes. Low groundwater level during dry season enhances infiltration of seawater into the beach hence increase the potential for accretion while high groundwater level during wet season saturate the beach and will potentially contribute to beach erosion. In Malaysia, the Northeast monsoon (wet season) carries more rainfall than the Southwest monsoon (dry season) hence this affect the groundwater level. Fieldworks were conducted at Desaru beach where three monitoring wells were installed perpendicular to the beach, together with a rain gauge and a tide gauge station in order to monitor the variations of groundwater levels, rainfall and tides. Fieldworks were conducted during low tides (ebb) on spring and neap tides about 4 to 6 times yearly starting on the year of 2013 to 2015. The results showed that beach profiles accreted on the dry season while eroded on the wet season. It is believed that the rainy season on Northeast monsoon cause the groundwater level to increase and enhancing erosion on the beach apart from the storm and high waves during the monsoon. Recent fieldwork also showed that the beach suffered massive erosion causing the shoreline to move landward and beach become steeper during the 2015 wet season. Due to that storm event, the beach profile was not getting back to its dry season profile as found in previous few years. It can be concluded that various process will affecting beach profiles on sandy beaches.
EFFECT OF PHOTOPERIOD ON THE GROWTH OF CHLAMYDOMONAS INCERTA AND POLLUTANT REMOVAL
Authors: Alqadi Mazen Abdo , Mat Taib Shazwin , Md Din Mohd Fadhil , Kamyab Hesam
Published: July 2024

The key to an economic and healthy algal culture is to optimize the growth conditions. The main objective of this research was to investigate the effects of photoperiod (12:12, 16:8 and 24:0 light: dark cycle) on the growth of indigenous microalgae Chlamydomonas incerta (C. incerta) when cultured in Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). POME is nutrient-rich wastewater and one of the highest organic content that could enhance formation of algal bloom. The amount of light intensity and photoperiod has major influence on biomass productivity and photosynthesis process. Microalgae cultures were grown at room temperature and subjected to light source with intensity of Â±100 mol m-2 s-1. The growth rate was evaluated based on Optical Density (OD) measured every alternate day during 17 days. Whereas pollutant removalâ€™s ability was determined based on reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) of POME. This study revealed that, C. incertaisa mixotrophic microalga because 12:12 light: dark cycle has resulted in the highest biomass concentration (0.786 g L-1) which is eight times the initial concentration and similarly biomass productivity and specific growth rate, 0.04 g L-1d-1 and 0.118 d-1, respectively. The highest pollutants removal was achieved at 12:12 L:D cycle with 70 % COD removal. These result specified that the photoperiod condition has notable impacts on adjusting pollutant removal and producing microalgal biomass. Therefore, the control of photoperiod was proposed as a significant operating parameter in the microalgal wastewater treatment.
EFFECT OF CEMENTATION REAGENTS CONCENTRATIONS ON MICROBIAL CALCITE PRECIPITATION IN RESIDUAL SOIL
Authors: Umar Murtala , Kassim Khairul Anuar
Published: July 2024

Microbially induced calcite precipitation has been under investigation since early 1990s for its potential application in improving the strength and durability of construction materials such as limestone and cementitious materials. However, excellent results demonstrated by this technique in the studies so far conducted have shown greater potential of exploring its wider applications in geotechnical engineering. This study examines the microbial carbonate precipitations in tropical residual soil via urea hydrolysis. An isolate of urease active strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae UM123 was used to precipitates calcite into the soil with the aim of improving the strength and reducing the hydraulic conductivity of the soil. Cementation reagents concentrations of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5M were used to evaluate the strength and hydraulic conductivity of the soil using treatment durations of 24, 48 and 60 hours. Meanwhile, bacteria concentrations of 1.5Ã—104 cfu/ml and 2.9Ã—106 cfu/ml were used to assess the effect of microbial concentrations in the study. The results obtained indicated a general increase in the strength of the treated soil as the bacteria concentrations increases. Likewise, the strength also increases with the increase in reagents concentrations up to 0.5M after which the strength declined. The hydraulic conductivity also decreased by 50% and 65% after 48 hours for 1.5Ã—104cfu/ml and 2.9Ã—106cfu/ml bacteria concentrations. The results so far obtained revealed that the optimum reagent concentration for this particular microorganism for efficient soil improvement is 0.5M.
EFFECTS OF DIATOMITE AS FILLER ON THE POROUS ASPHALT MIXTURES PROPERTIES
Authors: Mohd Shukry Nurul Athma , Abdul Hassan Norhidayah , Abdullah Mohd Ezree , Hainin Mohd Rosli , Md. Yusoff Nur Izzi , Mohamed Abdullah Nor Asniza , Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah
Published: July 2024

Diatomite is a kind of mineral containing high amorphous silica content which is a very durable substance. Due to its useful characteristics such as lightweight, high porosity, high surface area, low density and high absorptive capacity, diatomite is identified with potential to be used as a filler to improve the performance of asphalt mixture. Porous asphalt is known to have poor strength and durability due to its open structure and high air void contents which exposed the structure to air and water. These factors may influence the adhesive strength of binder-aggregate and lead to cohesive failure within the binder film, which contribute to stripping and moisture damage. The addition of fillers has been identified to improve the adhesion and cohesion properties by stiffening the asphalt binder and enhance the bonding strength between aggregate and binder. Therefore, this study was undertaken to evaluate the potential of diatomite as filler in porous asphalt mixtures and compared with ordinary Portland cement. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) was conducted to investigate the microstructure of the fillers. The compacted samples of porous asphalt mixture with Malaysian aggregate gradation were prepared using Superpave gyratory compactor at the target air voids content of 21%. Each sample was incorporated with 2% of filler and polymer modified binderof PG76 as a binder. The sampleswere then tested for abrasion loss, resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength. The test results show that the samples prepared with diatomite havelower abrasion loss compared to those with cement. Besides, the samples incorporating diatomite show enhanced resilient modulus and indirect tensile strength. Thus, these indicate that the diatomite filler has good potential to improve resistance to stripping and moisture damage compared to cement.
RESILIENT MODULUS OF DOUBLE LAYER POROUS ASPHALT: APPLICATION OF ALKALI TREATED COCONUT SHELL AND FIBER AS AGGREGATE REPLACEMENT
Authors: Ting Tay Lay , Putra Jaya Ramadhansyah , Abdul Hassan Norhidayah , Yaacob Haryati
Published: July 2024

Coconut shell and coconut fiber are the new waste that have been concerned in the highway asphalt pavement industry lately. This paper has studied about the effect of coconut shell and coconut fiber to the resilient modulus of double layer porous asphalt (DLPA). The coconut shell has been substitute to the double layer porous asphalt by 5%, 10% and 15 % of the aggregate with 5 mm size by weight while coconut fiber was added to the asphalt incorporating 0.3% and 0.5% by weight. Before mixing with others aggregate, coconut shell and coconut fiber was treated with 5%wt NaOH to reduce it water absorption ability. The samples were prepared by using Marshall Method. The result shows that DLPA with 10% has better resilient modulus under 25ÂºC temperature for unaged and aged samples. However, the sample with coconut fiber has lower resilient modulus as the amount of coconut fiber has increased. In general, the substitution of 10% coconut shell provided better resilient modulus among the percentages that have been chosen.
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF LIGHTWEIGHT CONCRETE USING PALM OIL CLINKER: AN OVERVIEW
Authors: Mahmoor Muhammad Sazlly Nazreen , Mohamed Roslli Noor , A. Khalid Nur Hafizah , Ab Kadir Mariyana Aida , Azillah Nazry , Ahmad Shukri Nazirah , Mansor Shariwati
Published: July 2024

The use of industrial waste as construction material to build environmentally sustainable structure has several practical and economic advantages. Palm oil clinker is a waste material obtained by burning off solid wastes during the process of palm oil extraction. The research performed over the last two decades concerning the use of palm oil clinker as lightweight aggregates concrete is summarized in this paper. A series of concrete mixes were studied and analysed in replacing the coarse and fine aggregates by palm oil clinker. The mechanical properties of the palm oil clinker lightweight concrete are addressed and discussed. The specific gravity for the palm oil clinker must be less than the normal weight aggregate which is below 2.20. The parameters of mechanical properties were reviewed included compressive strength, tensile strength (flexural and splitting) and Youngâ€™s modulus. The review showed the positive impact in concrete properties when replaced the normal coarse and fine aggregates with the palm oil clinker. The range of compressive strength of the palm oil clinker lightweight concrete was 30 to 44 MPa. This indicates that palm oil clinker concrete has potential for a replacement which helps in producing a sustainable environment thus contributing to effective construction cost.
STRUCTURAL PERFORMANCE OF SPACE TRUSSES UNDER FIRE
Authors: M. Ibrahim Amr , A. Elshafey Ahmed , A. El-taly Boshra , S. Kandil Kamel
Published: July 2024

An experimental program was designed in the current work to capture the structuralbehavior of two different space trusses under static loads and under increasing the temperature atthe truss nodes up to failure. The results of the two space trusses tested include the centraldeflection of the truss and the axial forces in truss members under the applied loads andtemperature. Also analytical studies based on finite element method for the two tested trusses areintroduced in this paper. A comparison between experimental work and analytical study ispresented and discussed. The finite element simulation gives good agreement with theexperimental results. Also the results of the current work indicate that increasing the temperaturecauses a local failure due to fusion of the node at which the temperature was applied.
THE EFFECTS OF INCLINED SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAM
Authors: Zamri Nor Fazlin , Mohamed Roslli Noor , A. Khalid NurHafizah , Chiat Kang Yong
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the findings of an experimental data on the effects of inclined shearreinforcement in reinforced concrete (RC) beam. Two types of shear reinforcement of RC beamwere investigated, conventional stirrups (vertical links) and inclined shear reinforcement (45degrees of inclined shear reinforcement). The RC beam with conventional stirrups wasdesignated as a control specimen. The RC beams with different types of shear reinforcementwere tested for shear under four-point loading system. Comparisons were made between bothtypes of RC beam on load-deflection, load-steel strain, load-concrete strain behaviour and modeof failure. The theoretical and experimental were calculated by using conventional formulation inaccordance to EC 2 in order to verify the experimental results. From the results, it was observedthat the RC beam with 45 degree inclined shear reinforcement improved structural performancein shear by approximately 20% and thus prolong the shear failure behaviour as compared to theRC beam with vertical links.
MINIMIZING BED SCOUR INDUCED BY SHIP BOW-THRUSTERS BY USING QUAY WALL FLOW DEFLECTOR
Authors: Mohamed Galal Elsayed , S. Halabia Nezar , Tolba Ehab Rashad
Published: July 2024

Recently, the combination of larger bow-thrusters installed with vessels have created higher levels of bed scour action affecting the berthing structure and its overall stability. Therefore, the bed near a quay wall structure must have sufficient strength by placing a bed protection which may cause the cost of the project to rise. This research is carried out to investigate experimentally the effect of modifying the geometry of the quay wall surface on minimizing bed scour. This is done by inserting flow deflectors within the longitudinal direction of the wall surface in order to deflect/minimize the water jet affecting the bed near the quay wall. Experimental tests had been carried out for single and triple deflectors. The results showed that the use of flow deflectors achieved a reduction in bed eroded area in front of quay wall face by about 63%, and causes the start point of erosion to move far away from it; this may improve the stability of quay walls. Therefore, the importance of the present study is testing a new possible measure to improve the stability of quay walls by minimizing the scour in front of the wall and to decrease the cost of bottom protection.
INVESTIGATING THE EFFECT OF SAMPLING POINT DISTANCE ON IKPOBA RIVER WATER QUALITY USING LEAST SQUARE REGRESSION MODEL
Authors: Okonofua Ehizonomhen Solomon , Nwadialo Ifeanyi Benjamin , Lasisi Kayode Hassan
Published: July 2024

In this study, the sampling point distance as it affects Ikpoba River water quality was examined in order to ascertain the quality of the river before and after waste discharge. Water samples were taken from eight (8) different locations (at distance 750 m, at 150 m interval); covering the locations of wastewater release, upstream and downstream points. Samples were taken from the river for analysis twice every month in March, May and July, 2014. Samples were analyzed for pH, Electrical conductivity, Ca, colour, turbidity etc; using WHO standard methods for water quality tests. Results obtained showed that the Water Quality Index of the river water was poor at discharge point but improved as the sampling distance increased. The month of March had the worst Water Quality Index value ofÂ Â  -5429792.89 at STN1, distance 0 m while the best WQI was in May (-457153.58) STN8 at 750 m. The model equations explaining the correlation between the computed WQI and sampling station distance are: Y = -4.112E6 + 1836.272X (March), Y = -1.848E6 + 2184.649X (May) and Y =-2.185E6 + 678.695X (July) respectively. One-way analysis of variance result (ANOVA) at 95% confidence interval revealed that there is a strong relationship between sampling distance and WQI for months of May and July except March. The study revealed that there is a correlation between sampling distance and water quality and hence recommends adequate effluent treatment before disposal. Also, waste disposal into the stream should be done at considerable distance from downstream users.
IDENTIFICATION OF ACCIDENT LOCATION AND DEGREE OF VULNERABILITY ALONG OSOGBO-GBONGAN ROAD, OSUN STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Fadipe Olusola Olayemi , Mutiu Fawaz Adekilekun , Olawuyi Oluwole Ayodeji , Kareem Mutiu Abiodun , Ishola Kazeem , Oyewole Kehinde Adenike
Published: July 2024

Road traffic accidents (RTAs) remain a significant global concern and leading cause of death of people within the economically active age-group in developing countries thereby mounting negative effect on people’s health, economy and the society at large. This research aimed at developing a prediction model for accident prone areas along Osogbo-Gbongan road as past studies revealed that the study area reported the highest RTAs in Osun State, Nigeria. Four years accident data obtained from FRSC, Osogbo Branch was characterized in terms of casualty, accident causes and location and affected age-groups (Adult/Children). Geometric parameters were obtained onsite by physical measurement to estimate the vulnerability of the road at blackspot locations. The identified accident blackspots were Ogo-oluwa (02+000), Ataoja (04+000), Abeere (06+000), Owode (10+000) and Akoda (15+000) with their vulnerability indices as 53, 67, 78, 66 and 70, respectively. The obtained total occurrence of accidents in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 were 144, 128, 168 and 313, respectively with speed violation as the highest causative factor. Abeere Area has the highest accident occurrence of 31 and the highest T.SPWEG-A.V.I of 78 with three other locations showing similar pattern except Owode Area. Therefore, this model showed a perfect correlation of 80% thereby ensuring the validity of the model for predicting the accident vulnerability at accident locations. This study concluded that accident in this area can be characterized as minor, serious and fatal with the fatal causing deaths. The speed violation and poor road geometry were the primary factors contributing to the severity of accident and it will continue to increase if urgent intervention is not applied. The study recommended that speed law should be enforced, presence of safety personnel at the noon part of the day and those in charge of road design, supervision and construction should uphold good practice and rehabilitate the existing road geometry so as to curtail accident reoccurrence along the study area.
VALIDATION AND PARAMETRIC STUDY OF LEAN DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL HOLLOW SECTION STUB COLUMNS BY FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: Mohammad Jahed Din , Ahmed Md. Istiaque , Islam Md. Sifatul , Tuz-Zahura Fatema-
Published: July 2024

In this research, a parametric study was conducted on square hollow sections (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) columns made of a lean duplex stainless steel (LDSS) grade, namely EN 1.4162. The aim was to determine structural response data due to variations of different design parameters, which is vital in designing structural members. Finite element modeling was utilized for this and the validity of the models was confirmed by comparing them with existing experimental test data. Thickness, corner radius, load eccentricity and slenderness ratio were taken as the varying parameters to study. A total of 32 columns were modeled to study with five variations for each parameter, making a total of 160 variations. For each variation, the ultimate load and the corresponding end shortening were recorded. Each parameter has some effects on ultimate load or end shortening or both except corner radius, which has no significant effect. To visualize the effect of a parameter, a trend line equation was developed by plotting the average result of all column models for each variation of that particular parameter. A linear increase in ultimate load and end shortening can be observed with an increase in column thickness, while opposite trends were witnessed with load eccentricity. Though a linear rise in end shortening was caused by the slenderness ratio, no significant change was seen in the ultimate load of the columns. The mathematical equations presented can be employed to forecast the maximum load-bearing capacity and the associated amount of end shortening when designing structural hollow sections made of LDSS.
PRECIPITATION DATA FROM GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE (GEE) IN REVETMENT DRAINAGE EVALUATION IN KALIANDA
Authors: Herison Ahmad
Published: July 2024

Floods can occur frequently if there are no organized and constant changes in land use. Flood issues in Waymuli, South Lampung, has been occurring due to changes in land use in the area. Prior studies regarding drainage of coastal revetments may have been done before. However, the analysis was done using precipitation data from GEE and therefore, new findings as the solution for the flood problems in the region were necessary. The main objective of this research is to assess the extent of success of drainage system management using rainfall information obtained via GEE. The method used was by evaluating the capability of the drainage system using data from GEE, which involve identifying and measuring the drainage capacity with the HEC-RAS application. This study conclude that the use of GEE can be accurately used to evaluate revetment drainage. Rainfall in the last two years were 54.0340 mm, 81.8905 mm in the last five years, and 104.0784 mm in the last ten years. However, GEE results show that the highest rainfall recorded in September 2022 was 46.857 mm. Based on the HEC-RAS evaluation, it was also found that the drainage system does not have the capacity to drain rain within a 2-year period. It can be concluded that the function of the drainage system in this area is to support the coastal revetment system, not as the main drainage system.
INFLUENCE OF RAINFALL IN UNSATURATED SOIL ON THE STABILITY OF SLOPES
Authors: Awadalla S. , Abdul Talib S.
Published: July 2024

Great difficulty can be met in justifying of many high and steep slopes in residual soils, even under heavy rainfall, and yet some slopes fail during heavy rainfall and some after remaning stable for many years. It is now clear that unsaturated zone plays a crucial role in the slope stability as it is the link between surface and groundwater. The objective of this paper is to develop a solution where the unsaturated flow equation and the formulation of appropriate effective stress equation and parameters for such soils can be solved simultaneously
Solfeggi with the "Simplest Melodies" Helped Introduce a Grammar of Schemas
Authors: Gjerdingen Robert O.
Published: July 2024

Young boys in the conservatories of eighteenth-century Naples began their studies with solfeggi. Through solfeggi, they learned to read music and to name the notes of scales and the intervals between those notes. Although solfeggi were used as exercises in musical literacy, they
also served as exemplary pieces of music written in the syntax and style of the times. In Naples, solfeggi were almost always in manuscript, being copies of origi nals written by the masters. That all changed in 1772, when a four-volume edition of Ne apolitan and northern Italian solfeggi
was published in Paris. Entitled Solfèges d'Italie, it contained a complete course moving from the rudiments of music to the "simplest mel odies" ( le Chant le plus simple ) and then to progressively more difficult melodies, ultimate ly reaching the level of virtuoso opera
arias. Almost all the solfeggi were provided with figured-bass accompaniments, probably intended to be played by a teacher. This article examines the schematic patterns between melody and bass that were introduced in the solfeggi with the "simplest melodies." It appears that the editors of
this collection chose solfeggi for beginners that focused on a small set of simple melody-bass schemas.
Navigating Schemata and Hexachords: Case Studies from Solfeggi by Giuseppe Aprile
Authors: Rabinovitch Gilad
Published: July 2024

This article is an analytical exploration of two solfeggio exercises by Giuseppe Aprile, which serve as case studies for the interaction between galant schemata (Gjerdingen, 2007) and eighteenth-century hexachordal solmization (Baragwanath, 2020). I draw on my prior work on the subschema
level and the pitch-reductive aspect of schemata (esp. Rabinovitch, 2018, 2019, 2020). Taking hexachordal solmization syllables as an entry point highlights local soprano skeletal notes (schema core tones or hexachordal syllable notes) and their surface diminutions. This shifts our focus somewhat
from the perspec tive of schema analysis, where complete schemata and their nesting potentials are often the focus of attention.
Solfeggi as Models for Instruction in Counterpoint and Fugue
Authors: van Tour Peter
Published: July 2024

This essay makes a contribution to our current understanding of how solfeggi were used in the Neapolitan conservatories in the late eighteenth century. To this end, I investigate how this repertoire was used and applied, both in practice and in written counterpoint. Through documentary
evidence derived from student counterpoint notebooks, the ar ticle reveals how themes in solfeggi by well-known masters were reused and adapted in lessons of written counterpoint. These findings suggest that vocal repertoires that were sung in these pedagogical milieus were borrowed by teachers
and students through tech niques of transformation and adaptation in order to be reused in new compositions.
Teoria Materialista do Estado e da Forma Política como Vetor Epistemológico para Análise da Violência Doméstica e Familiar
Authors: Guimarães Claudio Alberto Gabriel , Cardoso de Jesus Thiago Allisson , Silva Ítalo Viegas da , Ribeiro Danyelle Bitencourt Athayde
Published: July 2024

O presente artigo busca destacar a relevância do vetor epistemológico dialético elaborado a partir da Teoria Materialista do Estado para a compreensão da violência doméstica e familiar contra a mulher, contribuindo para reelaboração de uma epistemologia crítica e atenta as contradições internas entre o Estado e suas relações com a sociedade. Assim, são objetivos deste artigo: a) sistematizar os principais elementos da Teoria Materialista do Estado e da Forma Política; b) verificar se há coerência entre o vetor epistemológico discutido, de cunho marxista, e o compromisso com o Estado Democrático de Direito; c) fundamentar a pertinência da categoria Forma Política dentro dos estudos de gênero. Para concretizar tais fins, a elaboração da pesquisa pautou-se na abordagem dialética e em técnicas de pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica e documental. O caminho científico traçado culminou na confirmação da hipótese inicial: o vetor epistemológico do marco teórico estudado corresponde a um caminho epistemológico coerente para compreensão das dinâmicas entre o Estado e a violência doméstica e familiar.
Revisão judicial dos Reajustes de Planos de Saúde no Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo: Entre a Livre Negociação e a Regulação do Preço
Authors: Wei Liang Wang Daniel , Da Cunha de Oliveira Bruno , Jacqueline Leite de Souza Jacqueline , Bolaffi Arantes Luísa , Molleis Miziara Nathália
Published: July 2024

As ações que questionam reajustes nas mensalidades dos planos de saúde, que pressionam o orçamento de famílias e tornam planos de saúde menos acessíveis, são um aspecto pouco estudado da judicialização da saúde. A presente pesquisa busca analisar um aspecto dessa questão: as decisões proferidas no Tribunal de Justiça de São Paulo em casos em que indivíduos questionam aumentos anuais em seus planos coletivos. Os dados mostram que em 60% dos casos esse aumento foi revisto pelo TJSP. O argumento mais suscitado para justificar essa revisão é o fato de o cálculo usado para o reajuste não ser transparente ou não estar devidamente justificado. Quando o TJSP revê o reajuste, ele comumente acaba substituindo o valor questionado pelo índice adotado pela ANS para planos individuais/familiares, afastando a diferença que a legislação e a regulação criaram entre planos coletivos, cujo preço é determinado pela livre negociação entre as partes, e planos individuais/familiares, cujos reajustes são limitados pelo índice da ANS. Ainda que essas decisões beneficiem os indivíduos autores das ações, elas não resolvem o problema coletivo de aumento dos custos da saúde e ainda podem levar a reajustes ainda maiores nos planos, a serem custeados pelos outros membros da carteira que compartilham os riscos financeiros em saúde.
Autodefesa e Contra-Ataques: o STF, seus Ministros e o Bolsonarismo no Caso Silveira
Authors: Palma Resende Maurício , Carvalho Alexandre Douglas Zaidan de
Published: July 2024

Parte importante da literatura sobre o comportamento judicial mapeia as recentes relações entre cortes supremas e regimes autoritários ou legalista-autocráticos como ambíguas. Enquanto medidas econômicas parecem obter chancela de constitucionalidade, atitudes autoritárias da chefia do governo parecem encontrar uma barreira nas cortes supremas. O comportamento do Supremo Tribunal Federal durante os anos do governo Bolsonaro constitui evidência desta ambiguidade. Contudo, permanece pendente de aprofundamento conceitual a abrangência das ofensivas bolsonaristas e as reações específicas do STF, enfocando o artigo, assim, âmbitos político-institucionais de tal relacionamento. Para tanto, empregando-se a metodologia qualitativa de análise do discurso decisório e a técnica do estudo de caso, o presente artigo oferece avaliação do comportamento do STF em relação ao caso do ex-deputado federal bolsonarista Daniel Silveira. A pesquisa se concentra na avaliação da Ação Penal 1.044, derivada do inquérito 4.781, em que o então deputado Silveira foi condenado, bem como na reação do Tribunal ao Decreto Presidencial de 21 de abril 2022, ato pelo qual o então Presidente concedeu indulto individual ao ex-deputado. A partir da observação dos ataques ao STF, que incluíram a edição de Decreto Presidencial, o texto afirma que as ações e reações da Suprema Corte brasileira podem ser categorizadas ora como estratégias de autodefesa, ora como de contra-ataque, o que se constituiria na defesa do regime constitucional de 1988. Afirma-se, ainda, que Bolsonaro e Silveira buscaram explorar as ineficiências do arranjo institucional democrático para corromper as bases do constitucionalismo democrático, o que evidencia o uso parasitário de formas político-jurídicas do autoritarismo por indivíduos e instituições em realidades de estruturas normativas frágeis.
Hermenêutica e Inteligência Artificial: Por uma Alternativa Paradigmática ao Imaginário Técnico-Jurídico
Authors: Streck Lenio Luiz , Jung Luã
Published: July 2024

No artigo, reflete-se criticamente sobre o fundamento teórico-filosófico presente, ainda que implicitamente, na defesa do uso de inteligência artificial na prática jurídica. Aponta-se, nesse sentido, para a perspectiva naturalista e técnica que ampara as relações entre a ciência da computação, neurociência, psicologia cognitiva e economia comportamental, assim como as suas consequências para a teoria do direito. O resultado deste processo pelo qual passa o discurso jurídico é o fortalecimento do realismo jurídico. Em contraposição, propõe-se a retomada da perspectiva hermenêutico-filosófica como chave de leitura do fenômeno jurídico que preserva a sua dimensão linguística, interpretativa e normativa. O método empregado é o fenomenológico-hermenêutico.
Análise Espacial do Crime de Ameaça na Cidade de Manaus
Authors: Tayah Lima João Victor , Souza Leite Márcio José , Nunes Zogahib André Luiz , Ribeiro de Vasconcelos Brychtn
Published: July 2024

A pesquisa teve por objetivo promover a análise espacial dos crimes de ameaça na cidade de Manaus, durante os anos de 2021 e 2022, almejando orientar o processo de tomada de decisões da Polícia Civil do Amazonas no enfrentamento a este delito. A metodologia se valeu do método dedutivo para, em caráter exploratório, utilizar fontes documentais e geoprocessamento, que viabilizou a sobreposição dos dados geográficos do crime analisado com os dados referentes aos bairros da cidade. Foi possível verificar que a ameaça teve um incremento substancial na análise comparada dos dois anos, havendo predominância delitiva nas zonas norte e leste da cidade, especialmente nos bairros da Cidade Nova e do Jorge Teixeira. Conclui-se que a ameaça não pode ser negligenciada pelos órgãos de segurança pública, não só porque é o crime com maior número de procedimentos instaurados no Estado, mas também porque a negligência policial pode aumentar a desorganização social e o descrédito das corporações. Partindo deste diagnóstico espacial, é preciso planejar políticas públicas eficazes no controle criminal deste crime.