bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainable Sustainability
Authors: Ujager Farhan Sabir
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the concept of sustainable sustainability, underscoring the critical necessity of integrating environmental, social, and economic factors at the core of human society to ensure its long-term continuation. The interdependence of critical societal components, such as climate, economics, trade, technology, governance and many others, is highlighted, all of which are dependent upon finite natural resources. In addition, this chapter discusses a critical assessment of contemporary sustainable technologies, with a particular focus on electric vehicles (EVs) and artificial intelligence (AI). Despite the potential to reduce environmental impacts, these technologies are met with challenges such as the ecological footprint of battery manufacturing, energy-intensive AI processes, and ethical and societal concerns associated with AI implementation.
Epistemological Dilemma
Authors: Mohmmed Abdalellah Omer , Elmardi Abdelmoniem Sahal , Saleem Muhammad Wajid , Ganawa Eltaib
Published: December 2024

The recent advancement in sophisticated AI technologies in numerous sectors, including education and research, poses several challenges. The utilization of AI chatbot systems, particularly ChatGPT, has become increasingly prevalent and exhibits heightened capabilities in various aspects. However, ChatGPT poses various challenges to the conventional educational and research framework such as the potential for academic dishonesty. Consequently, Plagiarism has emerged as a pressing issue in academic writing and publishing, prompting the creation of numerous plagiarism-detection mechanisms. Thus, this chapter explores the challenges of plagiarism in the AI-empowered era by examining several written essays from the fields of engineering and medicine. The plagiarism in these essays was assessed using various free AI plagiarism-detection tools. The outcomes demonstrated different similarity levels for the same content, which may confuse educators during the assessment process. It delves into the potential measures that academic institutions can implement to preserve academic integrity.
Navigating the Green Financial Markets
Authors: Banga Charu , Afzal Momina
Published: December 2024

Green Financial Markets play a significant role in directing capital towards environmentally friendly projects, renewable energy, and other green initiatives. The demand for green financial products such as green bonds and sukuks, green derivatives, as well as green investment funds, is expected to increase phenomenally as consumer awareness of environmental issues grows. However, as the sector expands, it encounters challenges such as greenwashing, identifying and managing green risks, and ensuring data availability and quality. Effective regulations and supportive policies harmonizing global standards and reporting will ensure transparency, reliability, and accountability in financial flows directed towards green investments. The ongoing evolution of the green markets will support moderating the impact of climate change and undoubtedly offer new opportunities for investors and businesses to thrive in a green economy.
Carbon Trading and Financial Sustainability
Authors: Solanki Nidhi , Mathur Priyanka , Purohit Harsh
Published: December 2024

In recent years the world has been focusing more on combating climate change and carbon trading has become a vital tool with an aim to lower the carbon emissions. The studies have shown that the financial market is essential for the success of carbon trading as they provide carbon related assets with liquidity, price discovery, and risk management. This chapter examines how carbon trading mechanisms affect the financial health of businesses and economies. It explores how emissions trading systems affect financial performance and its implications on company's profitability, liquidity and competitiveness. This study reflects how environmental regulations influence business operations, considering opportunities and challenges for achieving financial sustainability. By integrating theoretical frameworks with implication and strategies from different studies and reports, this chapter aims to inform policy makers, businesses, and investors on the role of carbon trading in promoting sustainable finance and building long-term economic resilience in the face of climate change challenges.
Michaung Cyclone 2023
Authors: Poongodi K , Manoharan Geetha
Published: December 2024

Natural catastrophes like Michaung Cyclone are well-studied. The disastrous cyclone's timing and socio-economic effects are examined from a humanistic perspective. The cyclone's route, damage, and development are analysed. The chapter discusses disaster response and recovery. For future climate change, the chapter reviews catastrophe management solutions and suggests stronger, robust, and adaptable systems. This highlights the intricate relationship between environment, civilisation, and extreme weather resilience. In a dynamic environment, disaster management and climate change mitigation and adaptation are essential. Chennai's disaster management and tragedy repairs are examined together. Planning and readiness measures, gaps, and pressing issues are covered in the chapter. This chapter uses the Chennai tragedy to discuss natural disasters, climate change, and urban resilience. Adaptable, adaptive, and sustainable catastrophe management systems help cities adapt to climate change.
Foundations of Sustainable Development
Authors: Ali Asmat , Hamza Muhammad , Hussain Hammad , Fatima Rida
Published: December 2024

The demand for geospatial information is growing rapidly across diverse sectors, including urban planning, agriculture, disaster management, and public health. Geospatial information has become a crucial requirement for sustainable development across all countries and sectors. This chapter aims to investigate and establish the rationale of geospatial data for sustainable development with the help of various use cases. The study also provides recommendations for enabling access to geospatial data.
Towards Sustainable Health Systems
Authors: Ahmad Munir , Waqar Zubia
Published: December 2024

Numerous challenges are being faced by the healthcare system of Pakistan. It lacks universal access to quality healthcare, an inadequate supply of healthcare human resources, and healthcare sector inconsistencies. Incorporating the Spatial Data Infrastructure (SDI) in Pakistan can be a possible solution to tackle most of these problems. SDI is a platform that organizes and centralizes geographical information, such as the population, the placement of healthcare facilities, and disease incidence. By employing SDI, these challenges may be met efficiently by the planners. When implemented, spatial data infrastructure can support optimizing human resource development, investment in resources, and evidence-based decision-making. Furthermore, SDI can ensure the delivery of actual and timely information to stakeholders thus enhancing the aspect of accountability. This chapter discussed how SDI can help in coping with relative issues concerning the Pakistani health sector and thereby presented a way of creating a sustainable healthcare sector.
Prospective Role of “BRICS Plus” Countries in Global Governance
Authors: Joseph Jipson , Pandey Ananya
Published: December 2024

The chapter attempts to explain the origin and growth of “BRICS Plus” countries and their economic, productive and developmental position in the present scenario by analyzing the available data from various international organization. This grouping's fifteen years history is explored for understanding in what direction it is moving forward. The chapter critically evaluates the developmental policies and measures that are so far undertaken by this intergovernmental organization. The conflict of interests that are prevalent among some of the member-states are critically analyzed and evaluated. Benefits of widening the horizon of its “circle of friends” are explored for analyzing its influence among the developing countries. The chapter also explores the possibilities for its emergence as an eminent body in global governance by critically evaluating its plan of action. Furthermore, it discusses the prospective role of this grouping in global governance for ensuring a sustainable future to the emerging economies.
Can BRICS Currency Dethrone the Dollar?
Authors: Gedikli Ayfer , Erdogan Seyfettin
Published: December 2024

The BRICS members have been working on an alternative currency to the reserve currencies such as US dollar and euro, for international trades and foreign currency reserves to diversify investments, enhance fund security, preserve value, strengthen country relations, improve trade efficiency, and rebalance global financial power. By reducing dependence on the US dollar, they aim to enhance their economic resilience, promote a more multipolar global financial system, and protect against geopolitical and financial risks. The stunning improvements in IT technologies let both sovereign governments and nongovernment entities to initiate their own digital currencies. Between 2017-2024, the number of people using cryptocurrencies increased by more than 70 folds. With these revolutionary improvements and advantages of cyrptocurrencies, there has been a rising question of whether cryptocurrencies can be used as common BRICS money, and whether the proposed BRICS currency dethrone the dollar.
Agricultural Policies of BRICS Member States
Authors: Bilmez Zehra Namli
Published: December 2024

The agricultural sector is one of the cornerstones of many countries' economies and agricultural policies are developed with the aim of ensuring economic stability by reducing fluctuations in the sector, supporting rural development, ensuring sustainability, and establishing food security. This study examines the cooperation areas of the BRICS group in terms of agricultural policies and analyzes the situation of BRICS member countries. With the accession of new members, BRICS+ has the potential to develop stronger cooperation in the field of agriculture and food at the global level. The grain crisis showed the strategic importance of agricultural cooperation for BRICS countries. Sharing agricultural information, disseminating innovative technologies and promoting sustainable agricultural practices among BRICS countries will make their agricultural policies more effective and efficient. In this context, strengthening agricultural cooperation among BRICS countries will be a strategic step that will positively affect both their domestic dynamics and global food security.
Analysis of Student Affairs and Services Programs and SDG Sustainability Knowledge and Behavior in One State University
Authors: Hermosa Jherwin Pagkaliwagan , Castillo Alberto B.
Published: December 2024

This study conducted an analysis of the current student affairs and services programs at The Laguna State Polytechnic University, with a particular focus on aligning these services with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set by the United Nations. It utilized a descriptive design and surveyed 200 students. It is revealed that the Office of Student Affairs offers accessible and well-utilized Services and programs. The students know the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and can make valuable contributions to sustainability initiatives. Thus, it is essential to align initiatives in student affairs and services with institutional strategies and objectives related to the SDGs. Higher education institutions serve as crucial platforms for advancing the SDGs. By engaging faculty members as SDG experts and incorporating the goals into their teaching, institutions can effectively integrate these principles into their curriculum. Additionally, supporting student organizations in participating in SDG-related events and collaborations further enhances the promotion of these global objectives.
Facilitating Global Partnerships for Knowledge Sharing by Mediating Role of Digital Platforms in Achieving SDG 17 in Ethiopia
Authors: Kant Shashi , Adula Metasebia , Ashuro Tamire
Published: December 2024

In the context of SDG 17, this study looks at how digital platforms might support international collaborations for knowledge exchange. Surveying a sample of 400 participants—this included international organization officials, development practitioners, and policymaker. The study employed both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) techniques to determine the principal aspects that underlie the utilization of digital platforms for international knowledge exchange. The data's appropriateness for factor analysis was evaluated using Bartlett's test of sphericity and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy. After that, SEM, was used to investigate the mediating function of digital platforms. The study's conclusions give development organizations, governments, and digital platform providers with insightful information on how to use digital technologies to promote international cooperation and knowledge sharing, which will eventually assist the larger objectives of sustainable development.
Innovative Teaching Methods Using Technology in Accounting and Business Management
Authors: Bongalonta Michael B.
Published: December 2024

This chapter thus examines how technology can be embraced in teaching accounting and business management. The fast development of digital technologies impacted the traditional approaches and methodologies of teaching and learning and it provided educators the opportunity to incorporate innovative instructional techniques to engage and accommodate students and improve their understanding and memorizing capabilities. This chapter explores how accounting and business management curriculum integrates online simulations, VR, AR, AI, and big data analytics. By these technologies, learning activities are designed to be more engaging and challenging thus enabling students to be equipped with knowledge and skills for actual business settings. Furthermore, the challenges and future developments of using technology in teaching accounting and business management are presented highlighting the opportunity for educators in today's constantly developing educational environment
Computer-Aided Gastrointestinal Disease Analysis Based on Artificial Intelligence Method
Authors: Su Rui , Liu Bingmei
Published: December 2024

The diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases are challenging because of the long incubation period. Although it has made progress at present, the overall prospect is still not optimistic. In this paper, a computer-aided gastrointestinal disease analysis scheme based on artificial intelligence method is proposed. The improved dictionary learning method is combined with BP neural network method in artificial intelligence method to analyze gastrointestinal diseases, extract key feature quantities, find common factors affecting treatment and choose the best treatment scheme. Finally, the simulation test and analysis are carried out. The simulation results show that this method has a certain accuracy, which is 6.25% higher than the traditional method. With the powerful data analysis ability of artificial intelligence technology, clinicians can combine complex molecular biological information to make more accurate judgments on patients' current condition and possible future progress, which is conducive to making individualized clinical decisions.
Beyond Corporate Division
Authors: Bencsik Andrea , Jenei Szonja , Szalai Szilvia Módosné
Published: December 2024

The success of modern companies in today's complex business environment depends on effective knowledge management, especially during corporate divisions. The research explored how knowledge flow and relational networks impact the success of new ventures during such transformations. An organization that underwent a division was studied, and statistical methods, including distributions, cross-tabulations, and Spearman's correlation, were used to analyze the data from a quantitative survey. The findings indicate that successful new companies are closely linked to knowledge sharing, ethical leadership, and integrating existing and new relational networks. A positive correlation was also found between company success, innovation, and leadership quality. This study offers fresh insights into corporate divisions and knowledge management, highlighting the role of ethical leadership and strategic use of knowledge to support sustainable development and improve business outcomes.
A Comparative Assessment of Hole Integrity with Twist Drill Geometry in Drilling AFRP/AL7075-T6 Stack Material
Authors: Xiang Choo Then , Hassan Muhammad Hafiz , Abdullah Jamaluddin
Published: December 2024

Drilling Aramid Fiber Reinforced Plastic (AFRP) with aluminium (AL7075-T6) is challenging. It is crucial to maintain the dimensional accuracy and minimize burr formation. In this study, two carbide drill bit were tested across 13 runs with varying combinations of feed rates (0.05, 0.08, 0.10 mm/rev) and spindle speeds (2000, 4000, 6000 rev/min), using a central composite design (CCD) methodology within the Design of Experiment (DOE) framework. The drill geometries included angles such as the helix angle, primary clearance angle, chisel edge angle, and point angle. For the tapered web drill bit, angles were set at 10º, 6º, 45º, and 130º, while for the burnishing drill bit, they were 20º, 8º, 30º, and 135º, respectively. The primary focus of the experiment was to assess hole quality, specifically evaluating hole diameter error and burr height formation. Among the 13 runs conducted, the tapered web drill bit exhibited superior performance in terms of hole diameter error, showing a deviation of-0.5 µm in Run 8, compared to a deviation of 1.2 µm for the burnishing drill bit in Run 12. Additionally, the tapered web drill bit demonstrated a lower burr height of 63.97 µm in Run 12, while the burnishing drill bit resulted in a burr height of 95.44 µm in Run 4. These findings enhance aircraft production by promoting better hole quality with optimal drill bits, leading to material savings, lower rejection rates and cost reduction, thus boosting reliability and productivity.
Unveiling the Potential of Waste Materials: Investigating the Novel Approach of Using Scrap Fabric-Inner Tubes Composites for Sound Absorption
Authors: Muslimin Muslimin , Rangkuti Irfan A. , Mulyono Sugeng , Garjati Vina Nanda , Lugyana Dhiya , Azam Milah Muhamad
Published: December 2024

Scrap fabric and used inner tubes, typically considered waste with no economic value and potential environmental issues, are being repurposed as an alternative composite material. This study uses the compression molding method to analyze the use of polyester fabric scrap and inner tubes as soundproofing composites. The process variables include temperature, pressure, and the composition of the used tire fabric rubber. The temperature variables used are 140, 150, and 160°C. The pressure variables used are 8, 10, and 12 ton-forces (tf). The composition variables of the fabric-rubber weight ratio used are 50:50, 60:40, and 40:60. Samples printed with compression molding according to the process variable combination scheme are then tested using an impedance tube tester to determine the effectiveness of sound absorption that the composite can absorb. The soundproofing test standard with impedance tubes is ISO 10140, with 125, 250, 500, 750, 1000, and 2000 Hz test frequencies. The test results show that samples with a fabric-rubber ratio of 60:40, a pressure of 10 tf, and a temperature of 150°C have the highest sound absorption coefficient value at 2000 Hz, which is 0.90817, and a Noise Reduction Coefficient of 0.8114. This result shows that the combination of pressure, temperature, and weight composition affects the composite's density and porosity, which will then affect the soundproofing performance of the developed composite.
On the Buckling Behavior of DLP 3D Printed PLA with AgNO3 Addition
Authors: Laksemana I. Ketut Adhiarta , Muflikhun Muhammad Akhsin , Handayani Murni , Rahmayanti Yosephin Dewiani , Mahmuddin Faisal , Triawan Farid
Published: December 2024

The antibacterial effects of AgNO3 have been observed and utilized in various applications. However, only a few studies have examined its effects on the mechanical properties of a matrix when combined. In this study, AgNO3 was used as an additive and blended with PLA resin for 3D printing to study its impact on buckling behavior, which is critical for designing slender column structures. To prepare the mixture, several processes were undertaken: (1) dissolving AgNO3 in distilled water; (2) adding the dissolved AgNO3 into the PLA resin; (3) stirring; (4) degassing; and (5) re-stirring. Based on the experimental results, the addition of AgNO3 led to a decrease in the buckling strength of PLA. For pure PLA specimens, the critical buckling stresses are 47.92, 44.91, 29.72, and 17.11 MPa for lengths of 10, 50, 100, and 150 mm, respectively. For the PLA + 2% AgNO3 specimens, the values are 23.55, 18.89, 15.1, and 10.48 MPa for the same lengths. Moreover, when compared to the theory using the Johnson and Euler buckling formulas, the obtained experimental results show good agreement.
Asthma Prevalence, Air Pollution, and Public Health Implications in Saudi Arabian Adults: Cross Sectional
Authors: Aljedani Haneen Mohammed , Almousa Wareef Yousef , Aloufi Lubna Hossam , Aleid Ahmed Fadeil , Karawi Hussain Tariq , Alharbi Nawaf Fahhad , Aljabri Ahmed Mohammed , Alhodibi Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Background:

Asthma, a chronic respiratory disease, is a growing concern globally, particularly among children. There is a lack of data regarding the prevalence of asthma and its potential connection with air pollution among Saudi Arabian adults.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of asthma among Saudi Arabian adults and to examine the association between air pollution and the prevalence of asthma in Saudi Arabian adults.

Methods:

This study focused on Saudi Arabian adults aged 18 years and older; the data were gathered using a stratified random sampling methodology across various regions in Saudi Arabia. The research encompassed a sample of 1665 participants. Data collection involved validated questionnaires to assess asthma prevalence and air pollution levels.

Results:

A total of 1665 participants took part in the survey; a significant positive correlation (r = 0.714, P < 0.001) was found between asthma prevalence and air pollution levels. Four hundred and twenty-three (25.4%) participants reported a history of asthma diagnosis, with a notable 1035 (62.2%) disclosing a family history of asthma. In addition, 405 (24.3%) participants exhibited worsened asthma symptoms in areas with high air pollution levels. Five hundred and thirty-one (31.9%) participants adjusted their daily routines in response to air pollution concerns.

Conclusions:

This study sheds light on the crucial relationship between asthma prevalence and its association with air pollution, providing a foundational platform for future investigations. Recommendations include the need for targeted interventions to mitigate air pollution’s effects on respiratory health in Saudi Arabia and further research to delve into causal relationships and inform policy measures.
Epidemiology of Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in the Adult Population of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Jafar Rafaa Jameel , Aljohani Shahad Ayesh , Aljohani Saleh Saud , Altoukhi Samar M. , Alquraini Sadeem Khalid , Alanazi Reem , Alyahya Khalid
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), a prevalent condition with a variety of clinical manifestations, is characterised by inflammation of the nose and paranasal sinuses lasting over 12 weeks. It is often diagnosed based on symptoms such as nasal obstruction, discharge and facial pain and confirmed through nasal endoscopy or computed tomography scans. CRS is categorised into two phenotypes: CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) and CRS without nasal polyps, each with distinct clinical features. CRSwNP, a subtype of this illness, affects about 25%–30% of CRS patients and 1%–4% of the general population, with a notably high prevalence of 67.7% among CRS patients in Saudi Arabia. This study addresses the gap in the literature regarding the prevalence and risk factors of CRSwNP in the Saudi Arabian context, aiming to understand its epidemiology and inform the development of targeted treatments and strategies.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence of CRSwNP in Saudi Arabia, assessing its occurrence across various age groups and genders and exploring potential correlations with allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin intolerance, smoking and genetic predisposition. The research combined medical and surgical approaches to decrease disease burden and improve symptom control, focusing on steroid nasal sprays, oral steroids, saline rinses and antibiotics. The study also evaluated the impact of CRSwNP on physical and mental health-related quality of life.

Results:

The findings revealed a significant prevalence of CRSwNP among the studied population in Saudi Arabia. The study identified various risk factors associated with CRSwNP, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, aspirin intolerance, smoking and genetic predisposition. Furthermore, the research highlighted the complexity of CRSwNP’s pathophysiology, involving local, systemic, microbiological, environmental, genetic and iatrogenic factors.

Conclusion:

The study successfully illuminated the prevalence and risk factors of CRSwNP in the Saudi Arabian adult population, providing valuable insights into the disease. It contributes significantly to the global understanding of CRSwNP and underscores the importance of developing targeted treatments and therapeutic strategies to improve patient outcomes. This research opens new avenues for exploring the epidemiology of CRSwNP and its management, thus influencing future public health policies and clinical practices.
Socialist-neoliberal Conservation: Hopeful Resilience within the Hoàng Liên National Park, Vietnam
Authors: Roberge Dominic , Michaud Jean , Lutard Paul
Published: December 2024

This article tackles some resilient discourses and strategies engaged by Hmong and Mien people living in Hoàng Liên National Park, a prominent conservation area of the northern Vietnamese highlands located in Sa Pa district, Lao Cai province, Vietnam. Facing the neoliberal transition of socialist institutions, economy, and ecology, communities living in and out of this mountain range must adopt enduring mindsets and demeanours to sustain their environmental imaginaries and ensure some future for their hard-earned livelihoods. Looking at this situation through everyday politics, we argue that resilience theory—when used duly—can help fill the gap between blatant opposition and straight acceptance and reveal the inconspicuous strategies of continuity and adaptations adopted by subordinated groups and individuals. Inside Hoàng Liên’s socialist-neoliberal conservation system, administrators apply principles of responsibilisation and co-management through private financing and development initiatives, and in the process, dumping much of the burden on highlanders’ shoulders. On the other hand, they hope to pursue their way of life, making the most of local opportunities. Such cohabitation causes undue pressures, which Mien and Hmong communities deal with by creatively engaging with, adjusting to, and evading the national park’s rationale while rangers keep a close eye.
Hypertrophied turbinates managed by Kshara karma
Authors: Nara Akshata , Singh Manoj Kumar
Published: December 2024

Nasal obstruction is the most common complaint of patients in ENT practice. In Ayurveda, this condition is explained under the name “Nasanaha” (~nasal obstruction). Nasal obstruction can be seen in disease conditions like deviated nasal septum, nasal mass, allergic rhinitis, and hypertrophied turbinate. Among them, medical and surgical methods can manage deviated nasal septum and hypertrophied turbinates. Medical management includes nasal decongestants which can cause rebound congestion. Surgical management also has some limitations like nasal synechiae formation and postoperative bleeding. Kshara karma (~therapeutic application of caustic material), a parasurgical procedure, can be used effectively in this condition. We presented a 27-year-old female who was unable to perform daily chores due to symptoms such as severe nasal obstruction, headache, and nasal discharge, diagnosed as Nasanaha with deviated nasal septum and hypertrophic turbinate in both nasal cavities. In this case, Kshara pratisarana (~external application of alkali) was done on both sides of the nostrils, which resulted in a decrease in the size of the hypertrophied right inferior turbinate from Grade 3 to Grade 2 and hypertrophied left inferior turbinate reduced from Grade 2 to Grade 1. The patient had complete relief from nasal obstruction, nasal discharge, and headache. Moreover, nonrecurrence of symptoms was reported after 66 days of the third follow-up. The case report inferred that the application of Kshara (~alkali) is an effective, convenient, and economical treatment modality in the management of hypertrophy of nasal turbinate.
Long-term Outcomes Following Metabolic Bariatric Surgery in Diabetic Patients: A Multicenter Real-world Study by Obesity and Metabolic Surgery Society of India
Authors: Bindal Vivek , Khaitan Manish , Raj P. Praveen , Wadhawan Randeep , Shah Sumeet , Gupta Shailesh , Prasad Arun , Peters Atul N. C. , Narwaria Mahendra , Aggarwal Sandeep , Kular K. S. , Baig Sarfaraz Jalil , Bhasker Aparna Govil , Katakwar Abhishek , Goel Deep , Vikani Mehul , Pandey Dhananjay , Ahmed Shahiq , Agarwal Priyanka , Dhagat Dipali , Jaithlia Harsha , Siddique Deeba , Arora Beena , Singh Arya , Mansuri Naureen A
Published: December 2024

Background:

The purpose of this study was to assess the mid-to-long-term outcomes of diabetic obese Indian patients who underwent metabolic-bariatric surgery (MBS).

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective chart review was conducted across 11 centers. Data on glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting blood glucose (FBG), Vitamin D3, Vitamin B12, body mass index (BMI), and quality of life (QoL) were collected from medical records before surgery and up to 10 years afterward.

Results:

In this study, data from 886 individuals with a mean age of 47.02 ± 10.77 years were collected and analyzed. The study population comprised 36.23% of males and 63.77% of females with a mean BMI of 46.35 ± 10.74 kg/m2. The mean HbA1c levels for the overall study population improved significantly (P < 0.05) after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years of MBS. Additionally, among surgery-specific groups, the one-anastomosis gastric bypass, sleeve gastrectomy (SG), and roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) subgroups all showed a significant improvement in mean HbA1c levels for a period of up to 7 years. Vitamin D3 and Vitamin B12 levels improved significantly after 1 year and 3 years in the overall population as well as in RYGB and SG subgroups. There was a significant improvement in the mean BMI for both the overall population and surgery-specific subgroups at all periods. The mean QoL score ranged between good and very good categories at different time points following MBS.

Conclusions:

MBS significantly and persistently improved the HbA1c, FBG, BMI, Vitamin D3, Vitamin B12, and QoL scores of people with diabetes and obesity.
Evaluating the pain at site, onset of action, duration and anesthetic efficacy of conventional, buffered lidocaine, and precooled lidocaine with intraoral cryotherapy application in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A clinical study
Authors: Karunakar P. , Solomon Raji Viola , Kumar B. Sravan , Reddy S. Shalini
Published: December 2024

Aim:

Injection pain and incomplete anesthesia can lead to procedural failure, causing fear and anxiety among patients. The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate pain at the site, the onset of action, duration, anesthetic efficacy, and success rates of conventional, buffered, and precooled 2% lidocaine of an inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis (SIP).

Materials and Methodology:

In this double-blind, randomized clinical trial, 45 patients with deep carious lesions having moderate-to-severe pain in the mandibular first molar teeth were selected. Patients were randomized into one of the following groups: Group I-Conventional lidocaine (Control), Group II-Buffered lidocaine (Experimental), and Group III-Precooled lidocaine with intraoral cryotherapy (Experimental). All patients received an IANB followed by which the pain at the site, onset of action, duration, anesthetic efficacy, and success rate were compared and evaluated.

Statistical Analysis:

Kruskal–Wallis and Chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis.

Results:

Data were statistically analyzed and there was a significant reduction in pain at the site with faster onset of action and higher anesthetic efficacy in buffered lidocaine followed by precooled lidocaine. The success rate for conventional IANB is 38.9%, for buffered lidocaine, 86.2%, and for precooled lidocaine, 78.9%.

Conclusions:

In patients with a mandibular molar presenting with SIP, block anesthesia with buffered lidocaine showed the best results and a superior success rate, followed by precooled lidocaine, with the least efficacy seen in the conventional lidocaine group.
Efficacy of two instrument retrieval techniques in removing separated rotary and reciprocating nickel-titanium files in mandibular molars – An in vitro study
Authors: Jitesh S. , Surendran Smita , Natanasabapathy Velmurugan
Published: December 2024

Context:

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of both the staging platform (SP) and burrow platform (BP) techniques in the retrieval of separated rotary and reciprocating files in mesiobuccal (MB) canals of mandibular molars.

Materials and Methods:

Forty extracted human mandibular molars with moderate curvature were used in this study. Anatomically, size-matched samples were equally distributed into two different retrieval techniques: Group SP and Group BP. Each group was further subdivided into two subgroups based on their motion kinematics: rotary and reciprocating subgroups. Four millimeters of ProTaper F1 20/07 (rotary) and WaveOne Gold 20/07 (reciprocating) instruments was separated at the apical third region of the MB canal in mandibular molars. Both techniques’ success in retrieving separated files was assessed and the canal volume loss was calculated using cone-beam computed tomography. The total time taken for retrieval was also analyzed.

Results:

The overall success rate for retrieval of separated instruments (SIs) was 92.5% (37/40). There was no significant difference in retrieval success rates between SP (95%) and BP technique (90%). BP technique (2.32 mm3 and 103 min) resulted in significantly lesser canal volume loss and longer time for retrieval when compared to SP technique (3.75 mm3 and 90 min).

Conclusion:

Within the limitations of the current study, in mandibular molars with moderate curvature, the BP technique showed a similar success rate to that of SP technique for retrieval of SI. The BP technique resulted in lesser canal volume loss but took more time for retrieval of SI when compared with SP technique.
Advent of novel vehicle in regenerative endodontics and its effect on dentinal penetration of intracanal medicaments
Authors: Shronika Shronika , Jain Gaurav , Misra Pradyumna
Published: December 2024

Context:

Regenerative endodontic procedures allow continued root development, but open apices limit mechanical debridement which implores the need for an effective and potent intracanal medicament to disinfect the canal space.

Aim:

This study aimed to assess the effect of nanobubble (NB) water on dentinal penetration of intracanal medicaments in simulated immature teeth.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 freshly extracted mandibular premolars were prepared to simulate blunderbuss canals. Canals were irrigated with 5.25% NaOCl and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid by a final rinse of saline. Teeth were divided into 3 groups with different medicaments which were further subdivided into two subgroups with saline and NB water as vehicle, respectively. The longitudinal sections of teeth were evaluated using stereomicroscopy.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test were used.

Results:

The results indicated that samples with NB water as vehicle showed better penetration than their counterparts that were carried with saline. The highest penetration was seen in the middle third of the root.

Conclusions:

It could be concluded that NB water enhanced the dentinal penetration of all antimicrobial agents and calcium hypochlorite with NB water showed maximum penetration depth.
Influence of number of visits on the outcome of endodontic treatment
Authors: Drouri Sofia , Laslami Kaoutar , Dhaim Safaa , Jabri Mouna
Published: December 2024

The success of endodontic treatment (ET) is largely dependent on the application of a strict protocol for disinfecting the root canal system and may be influenced by the number of visits but remains controversial in the literature. This review provides an overview of published studies comparing ET in single and multiple visits. A search was performed in the electronic databases such as PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar from 2017 to 2022. Eligibility criteria were randomized clinical trials, reviews, and studies focusing on single- or multivisit techniques. Twenty-four articles were included. The main characteristics, including healing rates, success, and postoperative pain after ET, were extracted from the studies. The results of the studies included in this review showed that single- and multisession ET are similar in terms of healing rates and long-term complications, although both treatment approaches may be associated with short-term postoperative pain.
Synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated nanohydroxyapatite and calcium and phosphate ion clusters for biomimetic remineralization of enamel and dentin
Authors: Basam Ram Chowdary , Bolla Nagesh , Vemuri Sayesh , Garlapati Roopadevi , Dasari Ankineedu Babu , Lahari B
Published: December 2024

Aim:

The present study aimed to synthesize and characterize magnetic nanoparticle incorporated nanohydroxyapatite (MNHAP), calcium and phosphate ion clusters (CPICs), and their combination with MNHAP.

Materials and Methods:

Nanohydroxyapatite (NHAP), magnetite (Fe3O4), and magnetic nanoparticle-incorporated nanohydroxyapatite (MNHAP) were synthesized using wet precipitation method, co-precipitation method, and ultrasonic-assisted mechanical stirring methods, respectively. CPIC was synthesized by centrifugation method. Their characterizations were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The biocompatibility of MNHAP was assessed through the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay.

Results:

XRD substantiated the presence of diffraction peaks, indicating crystallinity in all synthesized samples. Functional groups in NHAP and MNHAP were confirmed through FTIR analysis. VSM analysis demonstrated superparamagnetic behavior in both MNHAP and Fe3O4. Transmission electron microscope images unveiled the needle-like crystals for NHAP, rod-shaped crystals for MNHAP, and polyhedral shapes for CPIC combined with MNHAP (CPIC + MNHAP). MNHAP exhibited biocompatibility up to 200 µg.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, MNHAP and CPIC + MNHAP may be suitable for the repair of initial caries lesions.
Analysis of Blood Utilization Practices and Quality Indicators in a South Indian Teaching Hospital in Puducherry, India
Authors: Paudel Purshotam , Sinha Pammy , Manoharan A. , Jayakumar Pooja Shri
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

The transfusion of donated blood is the mainstay of treatment for medical or surgical conditions. It is the primary responsibility of blood transfusion services to provide a safe, sufficient, and timely supply of blood products. It is recommended to conduct regular audits to know usage trends. This study aims to analyze the utilization pattern and quality indicators of transfusion services.

Materials and Methods:

This is a retrospective study conducted in the blood center of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Puducherry, India. We collected and analyzed data on the request and utilization of blood and its products from January 2023 to December 2023. The department-wise utilization of blood and its components, crossmatch to transfusion ratio (C: T ratio), transfusion probability (T%), and transfusion index (TI), were calculated.

Results:

Packed red blood cells (PRBCs) were the most utilized blood product. The intensive care unit ward received the highest blood supply, followed by obstetrics/gynecology and orthopedics. Patients with anemia, followed by surgery and pregnancy, required a majority of PRBCs. The CT ratio, TI, and TP% were 2.7%, 0.42%, and 0.37%, respectively.

Conclusions:

The overall transfusion indicators, namely C/T ratio, TI, and TP, were near optimal compared to standard values. However, the majority of the cross-matched blood remained unused. It is crucial to conduct a periodic review of the blood component usage in a hospital.
Dental Robotics – A Game Changer
Authors: Dewan Harisha , Dhar Antarik , Patel Ria H. , Nayak Sarat Kumar , Debata Tribikram , Subramani Savadamoorthi Kamatchi
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

This systematic review was done to present the role of robots in dentistry.

Materials and Methods:

The search was conducted using the terms “dental robotics,” “robotic-assisted dentistry,” “robotic surgery in dentistry,” “robotics in dental procedures,” and “automated dental systems.”

Results:

Out of the 607 publications analyzed, only six were chosen and included in the calculations based on their publication year.

Conclusion:

Precision and accuracy in robotics are discussed and used in many fields, yet they have limitations. In impoverished nations, robots replacing people is science fiction, always seeking improvement. Therefore, robotic dentistry is a fiction that could become real soon.
Comparative Effectiveness of Modified Manual and Powered Toothbrushing Interventions in Individuals with Disabilities: A Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Gingival Health
Authors: Sinha Abhishek , Kumar Sumit , Sargaiyan Vinod , Kottapalli Ruby H. , Sharma Dheeraj , Goyal Ankit
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Individuals with disabilities face unique challenges in maintaining optimal oral health due to physical, cognitive, and sensory impairments. Gingivitis is a common oral health problem in this population, necessitating effective interventions tailored to their specific needs.

Methods:

Participants (n = 162) aged 18–65 years, diagnosed with gingivitis and varying disabilities, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to the modified manual toothbrush group or the powered toothbrush group. The interventions included comprehensive training programs that addressed the specific needs of each group. Gingival index and plaque index scores were recorded at baseline and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks. Patient-reported outcomes, including satisfaction, comfort, and ease of use, were assessed. Statistical analyses were performed, including t-tests, Chi-square tests, and subgroup analyses based on disability types.

Results:

Baseline characteristics did not demonstrate significant differences between groups. Over 12 weeks, both groups showed a significant reduction in gingival and plaque index scores (P < 0.001). The powered toothbrush group exhibited a slightly greater reduction in gingival inflammation compared to the manual toothbrush group (P = 0.03). Patient-reported results favored the powered toothbrush group in satisfaction (P = 0.02) and ease of use (P = 0.04). Comfort levels did not show significant differences (P = 0.11).

Conclusions:

This randomized controlled trial provides evidence supporting the effectiveness of modified manual and powered toothbrushing interventions in reducing gingival inflammation among people with disabilities diagnosed with gingivitis.
Comparative Study of Conventional Impressions vs Intraoral Scanning for Complete Denture Fabrication
Authors: Nagar Priya , Prasad D Anupama , Satapathy Sukanta K. , Vigneswaran T. , Francis Mariea , Vijaysingh Jadhav Avantika
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Background:

Conventional impression techniques for complete denture fabrication, although traditional, often pose challenges regarding accuracy and patient comfort. Intraoral scanning offers a digital alternative that promises enhanced precision and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to compare the efficacy, accuracy, and patient outcomes between conventional impression methods and intraoral scanning for the fabrication of complete dentures.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 100 edentulous patients were randomly assigned to two groups: one group receiving conventional impressions (n = 50) and the other undergoing intraoral scanning (n = 50). The primary outcome measures included impression accuracy (assessed by comparing final denture fit), time efficiency (total clinical time from impression to denture delivery), and patient satisfaction (evaluated through a standardized questionnaire). Statistical analysis was performed using the Chi-squared test for categorical data and t-tests for continuous variables.

Results:

The intraoral scanning group demonstrated significantly higher accuracy in denture fit, with 92% of patients reporting excellent fit compared to 74% in the conventional group (P < 0.05). Time efficiency was also enhanced in the intraoral group, with a reduction in total clinical time of 25%. Patient satisfaction scores were notably higher in the intraoral scanning group (8.6 ± 0.5 on a 10-point scale) compared to the conventional group (6.9 ± 1.0). No significant complications were reported in either group.

Conclusion:

Intraoral scanning proves to be a superior technique for the fabrication of complete dentures compared to conventional methods, offering better denture fit, reduced clinical time, and improved patient satisfaction. These findings suggest that intraoral scanning could replace traditional impression methods in clinical practice for edentulous patients.
Efficacy of Articaine versus Lignocaine as Local Anesthetic Agents Using Buccal Infiltration Technique for Extraction of Mandibular Premolars
Authors: Kolte Deepak , Kalsi Harjit Singh , Kharkar Viraj Rajeev , Patil Tejal , Kumar Barun , Wagh Ashvin , Sachdev Sanpreet Singh
Published: December 2024

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Lignocaine, commonly used for local anesthesia, often results in discomfort during mandibular premolar extractions due to limited tissue diffusion with the buccal infiltration technique. Articaine, with better lipid solubility, promises improved diffusion and patient comfort. This study compares the efficacy of 2% Lignocaine and 4% Articaine in reducing pain during mandibular premolar extractions.

Methodology:

A split-mouth, randomized, controlled trial included 40 patients, aged between 18 and 40 years, undergoing bilateral mandibular premolar extractions. Each patient received 4% Articaine with adrenaline and 2% Lignocaine with adrenaline on opposite sides at separate appointments. Pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Faces Pain Scale (FPS).

Results:

Patients in the Articaine group reported significantly lower pain levels (mean FPS: 0.2) compared to the Lignocaine group (mean FPS: 3.6) (P < 0.001). In the Articaine group, 34 out of 40 patients experienced no pain, whereas all patients in the Lignocaine group reported mild to severe pain. Mild pain was reported by 23 patients in the Lignocaine group, and moderate pain by 12 (P < 0.05). No severe pain was recorded in the Articaine group.

Conclusion:

Articaine demonstrated superior pain control, making it a more effective choice over Lignocaine for mandibular premolar extractions using the buccal infiltration technique.