bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensory evaluation of commercial fat spreads based on oilseeds and walnut
Authors: Dimic Etelka , Vujasinovic Vesna , Radocaj Olga , Boric Bojan
Published: December 2013

The main focus of this study was on the sensory evaluation of commercial
oilseeds spreads, as the most significant characteristic of this type of
product from the consumers? point of view. Sensory analysis was conducted by
five experts using a quantitative descriptive and sensory profile test,
applying a scoring method according to the standard procedure. Five different
spreads were evaluated: sunflower, pumpkin, sesame, peanut, and walnut. Oil
content and amounts of separated oil on the surface were determined for each
spread. The results have shown that the color of spreads was very different,
depending on the oilseed: gray for sunflower, brown for walnut,
yellowish-brown for peanut butter, ivory for sesame and profoundly dark green
for pumpkin seeds spread. The flavor and odor of the spreads were
characteristic for the raw materials used; however, the sunflower and walnut
spreads had a slight rancid flavor. Generally, the spreadability of all
spreads was good, but their mouth feel was not acceptable. During the
consumption, all of them were sticking immensely to the roof of the mouth,
which made the swallowing harder. The highest total score of 16.20 points
(max. 20) was obtained for the peanut butter, while the lowest (10.38) was
achieved by the sunflower butter. Oil separation (various degrees) was
noticed in all spreads, which negatively influenced the appearance and entire
sensorial quality of the products. The quantity of separated oil depended on
the age and total amount of oil in the spreads, and was between 1.13% in the
peanut butter and 12.15% in the walnut spread in reference to the net weight
of the product.
Effect of water activity on the growth of fungi isolated from „muesli“ components
Authors: Dimic Gordana , Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Maletic Zeljko , Suturovic Irena
Published: December 2013

The effect of water activity (aw) (0.85-0.97) on the growth of Aspergillus
niger, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum and Eurotium
herbariorum was examined. The growth of A. niger was lower than that of A.
flavus at aw of 0.89 and 0.85. A. niger was the least tolerant of reduced
moisture, and low aw (0.85) could prevent colony formation in 5 days. P.
brevicompactum was less sensitive to reduced moisture conditions than P.
chrysogenum. The maximal growth of E. herbariorum was observed at the level
of 0.89 aw. Among the tested fungi, E. herbariorum appeared to be best
adapted to the conditions of low aw.
Effect of chitosan-caraway coating on color stability and lipid oxidation of traditional dry fermented sausage
Authors: Hromis Nevena , Sojic Branislav , Skaljac Snezana , Lazic Vera , Dzinic Natalija , Suput Danijela , Popovic Senka
Published: December 2013

Chitosan, the second most abundant polysaccharide in nature, after cellulose,
has been tested for numerous applications, among which for edible film and
coating. Chitosan-based coating showed positive results for shelf life
prolongation of meet products. In this paper, dry fermented sausage
(Petrovsk? klob?sa) was coated with chitosan-caraway film. The effect of
coating on the moisture content, color and lipid oxidation was investigated
during a fivemonth period of storage. The moisture content decreased rapidly
during the storage and the coating did not slow down the loss of moisture.
The Lightness (L*) of the sausage surface increased by the coating
application, while the redness (a*) and yellowness (b*) did not change. The
coated sausages showed a better color stability of the sausage core through
the storage time. Also, coated sausage showed a better oxidative stability
till the 60th day of storage, while this difference was not detected at the
end of the storage period. Apart from slowing down sausage drying during the
storage, chitosan-caraway coating was effective in preserving the sausage
quality.
Spice paprika volatiles as affected by different postharvest ripening treatments of red pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) variety aleva NK
Authors: Kevresan Zarko , Mastilovic Jasna , Sinadinovic-Fiser Snezana , Hrabovski Natasa , Radusin Tanja
Published: December 2013

The influence of post-harvest ripening conditions of pepper Aleva NK picked
in red maturity stage on the composition of volatiles in spice paprika was
investigated by GCMS. The post-harvest ripening in the dark and under
daylight was conducted under semicontrolled conditions for two weeks. The
obtained chromatograms indicated that the aroma of investigated spice paprika
consisted of a large number of volatile compounds regardless of the
application and conditions of the post-harvest ripening. The main volatiles
of the analyzed paprika samples were fatty acids and their esters, terpenes
and terpenoides and aldehydes and ketones. The share of fatty acids and their
esters decreased during the post-harvest ripening, and the ripening in the
dark favored the decrease. The share of terpenes and terpenoides and the
share of aldehydes and ketones in the total volatiles increased during the
post-harvest ripening. The post-harvest ripening in the dark favored the
increase of the share of terpenes and terpenoides, while the ripening under
daylight favored the increase of the share of aldehydes and ketones.
The application of sheet filters in treatment of fruit brandy after cold stabilization
Authors: Miljic Uros , Puskas Vladimir , Vucurovic Vesna , Razmovski Radojka
Published: December 2013

Considering the common use of sheet filtration for clarification of fruit
brandies, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of its
application on the stability and composition of volatile compounds of apricot
brandy after cold stabilisation. Cold stabilisation treatment involved
holding of the brandy at -1?C during 24 hours. Five depth filter sheets with
the nominal retention rate of 0.3 ?m, 0.5-0.7 ?m, 0.7-1.0 ?m, 1.0-2.0 ?m and
2.5-4.0 ?m, were tested in the study. It was shown that all assessed filter
sheets were efficient in removing chill haze by significantly reducing the
content of fatty acid esters (primarily ethyl palmitate and ethyl laurate).
Other volatile and aromatic compounds were not significantly influenced by
the applied treatments. However, the filter sheets with higher nominal
retention rate (> 0.7 ?m), had a smaller impact on the sensory
characteristics of the apricot brandy. The re-exposure to lower temperatures
did not lead to chill haze formation in any sample obtained after sheet
filtration.
The effects of mineral adsorbents added to broilers diet on breast meat quality
Authors: Okanovic Djordje , Dzinic Natalija , Karovic Dejan , Tasic Tatjana , Radovic Vera , Filipovic Slavko , Ikonic Predrag
Published: December 2013

The aim of these investigations was to determine the influence of mineral
adsorbents ?Minazel? and ?Minazel Plus? added into broiler diet, on the
carcass quality and nutritional, technological and sensory properties of
breast meat. The examination was done on Cobb 500 provenience divided into 4
groups: control group C (fed without addition of mineral adsorbent),
experimental group E I (0.5% of Minazel), experimental group E II (0.2% of
Minazel Plus), experimental group E III (0.3% of Minazel Plus). The results
showed that the broilers fed with the addition of mineral adsorbents, had a
higher (P < 0.01) mass of chilled carcass ?ready to grill? and breast mass,
than the broilers of the control group. Based on the parameters and criteria
for defining the quality of chicken breast meat (pHu and L*) it can be
concluded that meat of all groups had in average "normal" quality. According
to the results of sensory analyzed roasted breast meat, meat of experimental
groups had preferable smell and tenderness.
A mathematical model for leak location and leak area determination in pipeline networks
Authors: Oyedokun O.I. , Oke S.A. , Ighravwe D.E.
Published: December 2013

Prompt leak location and leak area determination in oil and gas pipeline
installations is an indispensable approach to controlling petroleum products
wastages in pipes. However, there is an evident lack of literature
information on this subject. In this paper, we modelled leak location
detection and leak area determination in pipes by applying two methodologies
and gave an illustrative example using simulated data with the aid of Matlab.
A comparison of these two approaches resulted in an error of 6.24%,
suggesting that the closer the leak is to the measurement station, the lower
will be the time interval between two successive waves that will pass through
the leak and get to the measurement station. The relationship between the
pipe area and coefficient of reflection is parabolic. This contribution is
valuable to pipeline engineers in the economic control of leaks.
Microstructural characterization of glass-epoxy composites subjected to tensile testing
Authors: Petrovic Jelena , Bekric Dragoljub , Vujicic Ivica , Dimic Ivana , Putic Slavisa
Published: December 2013

The main objective of the research presented in this paper was to carry out a
statistical-mechanical analysis concerning the tensile test of glass-epoxy
composite materials in order to calculate their relevant tension properties
and micromechanical structure destruction process. The analysis was done at
room temperature, and its results were derived based on the structure of the
glass woven 280 g/m?, ?twill texture? with the width value of 100 cm, type -
Interglass 92125, and epoxy resin type MGS L 135. Samples were shaped by
hands with 35% of fabric volume part. The consumed portion of resin was 220
g/m?, the thickness of the laminate was 0.308 mm, and the mass of the
laminate was 500 g/m2. There were a total of eight layers built in the panel.
The micromechanical analysis was derived from the crack surfaces data
collected on a scanning electronic microscope, and it showed the mechanisms
of damage, and development of cracks until the occurrence of the final break
under the tension load.
Biosusceptibility of historical bricks from the Bac fortress: part I
Authors: Vidakovic Ana , Markov Sinisa , Vucetic Snezana , Vujovic Slavica , Ducman Vilma , Hirsenberger Helena , Ranogajec Jonjaua
Published: December 2013

The significance of the conservation of cultural heritage objects has led to
a greater interest in the appearance of biocorrosion. The aim of this paper
is to point out the correlation between the growth of fungi isolated from the
fortress of Bac and the contact angle value of the bricks from the fortress
in order to determine the brick susceptibility to biodegradation. Three types
of bricks (red, yellow and roan) and three isolates of Penicillium spp., as
well as one isolate of Cladosporium sp., were used during the experiments. A
suspension of fungi in soil extract solution was inflicted on the surface of
the bricks and then the samples were incubated. The study showed that the red
bricks with cut surface and the roan bricks with broken surface are the most
susceptible to the biocorrosion process. Based on the obtained results,
Cladosporium sp. can be considered as the most important biodeteriogenic
factor on the bricks built in the walls of the Bac fortress.
Effect of the pH of artificial saliva on ion release from commercially pure titanium
Authors: Dimic Ivana , Cvijovic-Alagic Ivana , Rakin Marica , Peric-Grujic Aleksandra , Rakin Marko , Bugarski Branko , Putic Slavisa
Published: December 2013

Due to their excellent characteristics, such as chemical inertness,
mechanical resistance, low Young?s modulus, high corrosion resistance, and
outstanding biocompatibility, titanium and its alloys are the most used
metallic materials for biomedical applications. In dental practice, these
materials have demonstrated success as biomedical devices which are used for
repairing and replacing failed hard tissue. However, the oral cavity is
constantly subjected to the changes in the pH value changes and such an
environment is strongly corrosive for titanium dental implants. The objective
of this study was to examine ion release from commercially pure titanium
(cpTi) in artificial saliva with different pH values (4.0, 5.5 and 7.5). The
concentrations of released titanium ions were determined after 1, 3 and 6
weeks using Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. The results
indicate that the ion release from commercially pure titanium in the
artificial saliva is dependent both on the pH of artificial saliva and
duration of immersion.
Optimization of cultivation medium for the production of antibacterial agents
Authors: Grahovac Jovana , Bajic Bojana , Dodic Jelena , Roncevic Zorana , Jokic Aleksandar
Published: December 2013

Optimization of the cultivation medium for production of antibiotic effective
against pathogenic bacteria Staphylococcus aureus using strain of
Streptomyces spp. isolated from the environment represents the aim of this
study. After the biosynthesis, the medium was analyzed by determining
residual sugar and nitrogen, and the antibiotic activity was determined using
diffusion-disc method. Experiments were carried out in accordance with the
Box-Behnken design, with three factors varied on three levels (glucose: 10.0,
30.0 and 50.0 g/L; soybean meal: 5.0, 15.0 and 25.0 g/L; phosphates: 0.5, 1.0
and 1.5 g/L) and for the optimization of selected parameters Response Surface
Methodology was used. The obtained model with the desirability function of
0.985 estimates that the lowest amounts of residual sugar (0.89 g/L) and
nitrogen (0.24 g/L) and the largest possible inhibition zone diameter (21.88
mm) that with its antibiotic activity against S. aureus creates the medium
containing 10.0 g/L glucose, 5.0 g/L soybean meal and 1.04 g/L phosphates.
Estimation of the retention behaviour of s-triazine derivatives applying multiple regression analysis of selected molecular descriptors
Authors: Jevric Lidija , Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Kovacevic Strahinja , Kalajdzija Natasa , Jovanovic Bratislav
Published: December 2013

The estimation of retention factors by correlation equations with
physico-chemical properties can be of great helpl in chromatographic studies.
The retention factors were experimentally measured by RP-HPTLC on impregnated
silica gel with paraffin oil using two-component solvent systems. The
relationships between solute retention and modifier concentration were
described by Snyder?s linear equation. A quantitative structure-retention
relationship was developed for a series of s-triazine compounds by the
multiple linear regression (MLR) analysis. The MLR procedure was used to
model the relationships between the molecular descriptors and retention of
s-triazine derivatives. The physicochemical molecular descriptors were
calculated from the optimized structures. The physico-chemical properties
were the lipophilicity (log P), connectivity indices (?), total energy (Et),
water solubility (log W), dissociation constant (pKa), molar refractivity
(MR), and Gibbs energy (GibbsE) of s-triazines. A high agreement between the
experimental and predicted retention parameters was obtained when the
dissociation constant and the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance were used as the
molecular descriptors. The empirical equations may be successfully used for
the prediction of the various chromatographic characteristics of substances,
with a similar chemical structure.
Application of multiple linear regression analysis to predict antifungal activity of some benzimidazole derivatives using ADME parameters
Authors: Kalajdzija Natasa , Podunavac-Kuzmanovic Sanja , Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Jevric Lidija , Kovacevic Strahinja
Published: December 2013

In this study we were investigated the relationship between the antifungal
activity of some benzimidazole derivatives and some absorption, distribution,
metabolism and excretion (ADME) parameters. The antifungal activity of
studied compounds against Saccharomyces cerevisiae was expressed as the
minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). A statistically significant
quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model for predicting
antifungal activity of the investigated benzimidazole derivatives against
Saccharomyces cerevisiae was obtained by multiple linear regression (MLR)
using ADME parameters. The quality of the MLR model was validated by the
leave-one-out (LOO) technique, as well as by the calculation of the
statistical parameters for the developed model, and the results are discussed
based on the statistical data.
Antimicrobial potential of triticale stillage after lactic acid fermentation with Lactobacillus fermentum PL-1
Authors: Kujundzic Zuzana , Dimic Gordana , Markov Sinisa , Kocic-Tanackov Suncica , Mojovic Ljiljana , Pejin Jelena , Markovic Milica
Published: December 2013

This study is concerned with the testing of antimicrobial activity of
triticale stillage obtained after lactic fermentation by Lactobacillus
fermentum PL-1. The antimicrobial tests were performed using the
disc-diffusion and agar well diffusion methods. It was found that fermented
triticale stillage after lactic acid fermentation exhibited an inhibitory
effect towards tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria: Escherichia
coli, Salmonella enteritidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus,
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecalis. The
triticale stillage without addition of CaCO3 before fermentation showed a
stronger antimicrobial effect in comparison with the triticale stillage with
added CaCO3. Triticale stillage after lactic acid fermentation did not show
any antifungal effect on the growth of tested moulds (Alternaria alternata,
Aspergillus versicolor, Penicillium brevicompactum, and Fusarium
subglutinans).
Effect of temperature on acid hydrolysis of Jerusalem artichoke as raw material for ethanol production
Authors: Razmovski Radojka , Vucurovic Vesna , Miljic Uros , Puskas Vladimir
Published: December 2013

Jerusalem artichoke (JA) is a low-requirement crop, which does not interfere
with food chain, and is a promising carbon source for industrial
fermentation. Microbial conversion of such a renewable raw material to useful
products, such as ethanol, is an important objective in industrial
biotechnology. In this study, ethanol was efficiently produced from the
hydrolyzates of JA obtained at different pH values (pH 2.5, pH 3.0 and pH
3.5), temperature (120, 130, 132 and 134?C) and hold time (30 and 60 min) by
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The efficient degradation of JA by HCl under
certain experimental conditions was confirmed by thin-layer chromatography.
Ethanol concentration of 7.52% (w/w), which corresponds to 93.89 % of the
theoretical yield is achieved by ethanol fermentation of JA hydrolyzate
obtained at pH 2.5.
Synthesis and antiproliferative activity of some A- and B modified D-homo lactone androstane derivatives
Authors: Savic Marina , Penov-Gasi Katarina , Sakac Marija , Jakimov Dimitar , Djurendic Evgenija
Published: December 2013

An efficient synthesis of several A- and B-modified D-homo lactone androstane
derivatives from 3?-hydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-16-one (1) is reported.
17-Oxa-Dhomoandrost- 4-ene-3,16-dione (2), obtained by the Oppenauer
oxidation of compound 1, was converted via the unstable intermediate
3,16-dioxo-4,17-dioxa-D-homoandrostane- 5?-carboxaldehyde (3) to
17-oxa-D-homo-3,5-seco-4-norandrostan-5-one-3-carboxylic acid (4), which was
also obtained directly from compound 2. Compound 1 was acetylated to give
17-oxa-D-homoandrost-5-en-16-on-3?-yl acetate (5) which was then oxidized
with chromium(VI)-oxide in 50% acetic acid or with meta-chlorperbenzoic acid
and chromium(VI)-oxide to yield compounds 6-8 and
5?-hydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrostane- 6,16-dion-3?-yl acetate (9),
respectively. The oximination of compound 9 gave a mixture of
6(E)-hydroximino-5?-hydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrostan-16-on-3?-yl acetate (10)
and 6(Z)-hydroximino-5?-hydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrostan-16-on-3?-yl acetate
(11), the hydrolysis of which gave
6(E)-hydroximino-3?,5?-dihydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrostan- 16-one (12) and
6(Z)-hydroximino-3?,5?-dihydroxy-17-oxa-D-homoandrostan-16-one (13).
6-Nitrile-17-oxa-5,6-seco-D-homoandrostane-5,16-dion-3?-yl acetate (14) was
obtained under the Beckmann fragmentation of compounds 10 and 11. Only pure
and stable compounds (1, 2, 4, 5, 9 and 14) were tested in vitro on six
malignant cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, PC-3, HeLa, HT-29, K562) and one
non-tumor MRC-5 cell line. Significant antiproliferative activity against
MDA-MB-231 cells showed compounds 1, 5 and 9, while compound 2 exhibited a
strong antiproliferative activity. Only compound 14 showed weak
antiproliferative activity against MCF-7 cells. All tested compounds were not
toxic on MRC-5 cells, whereas Doxorubicin was highly toxic on these cells.
Rural-urban price transmission and market integration of selected horticultural crops in Oyo state, Nigeria
Authors: Obayelu Oluwakemi , Alimi Ganiyat
Published: December 2013

The majority of agricultural markets in African countries are inefficient and
poorly integrated. This study therefore assessed the level of market
integration and the trend analysis of selected vegetable crops in Oyo State.
It also identified the leading market between rural and urban markets in Oyo
state. Secondary data on the prices of fresh tomato, onion, chilli pepper,
sweet pepper, and fresh pepper (2003-2011) were obtained from Oyo State
Agricultural Development Programme and were analysed using trend analyses,
Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Granger causality test and index of
market concentration. Results showed that the prices of onion, chilli pepper
and fresh pepper were non-stationary in their various level forms but
stationary at first difference; while prices of fresh tomato and sweet pepper
in urban markets were stationary at their level form at probability of 5%
respectively. The indices of market concentration for onion, sweet pepper,
fresh pepper, chilli pepper were less than one suggesting high short-run
market integration, whereas fresh tomato achieved low short-run market
integration. Further, urban markets were the leading markets for onion,
chilli pepper and sweet pepper, while rural markets were the leading markets
for fresh tomato and fresh pepper.
Effects of fertilizer and plant density on yield and quality of anise (Pimpinella anisum L.)
Authors: Faravani Mahdi , Salari Behjat , Heidari Mostafa , Kashki Mohammad , Gholami Barat
Published: December 2013

In order to understand the effect of organic fertilizer on yield of anise, an
experiment was conducted in the form of split-plot in randomized complete
block design with three replications in Mashhad, Khorasan Agriculture and
Natural Resource Research Center. Four treatments of fertilization: the
control, vermicompost - 5 t/ha, cow manure - 25 t/ha, and mineral fertilizer
(NPK) - 60 kg/ha (the same rate of each nutrient) were applied as the main
factor. The second factor was plant density, applied at three levels: 17, 25,
and 50 plants/m2. The results showed a significant effect of fertilizer on
the number of umbels per plant, number of umbellets per umbel and canopy
cover. Plant density had a significant effect on grain yield, biological
yield, the number of lateral branches, essential oil percentage and yield of
essential oil. Seed and essential oil yield were the highest in the case of
the application of vermicompost and plant densities of 50 and 25 plants/m2
respectively.
Molecular insights into the purple‐flowered ancestor of garden petunias
Authors: Segatto Ana Lúcia A. , Ramos‐Fregonezi Aline M. C. , Bonatto Sandro L. , Freitas Loreta B.
Published: December 2013

• Premise of the study: The garden petunia is derived from Petunia axillaris (white flowered) and a purple‐flowered species in the P. integrifolia group; it is still unclear which purple‐flowered species was used in the initial crosses. This widely cultivated hybrid is an ideal model for different areas of scientific inquiry.

• Methods: We analyzed three taxa of the P. integrifolia group considered to be the most probable parental candidates, along with a random sample of garden petunia representatives that were selected for their genetic variability. We used cpDNA trnH‐psbA and trnS‐trnG haplotypes and seven nuclear microsatellites in a population approach to investigate the genetic variability. This is the first time information from plastid DNA sequences and nuclear microsatellites has been combined to infer evolutionary relationships in these taxa.

• Key results: Our results suggest that P. interior is the purple ancestor of garden petunias, and we postulate that the initial crosses must have been between both parents as a mother plant.

• Conclusions: Our work will contribute to the clarification of the evolutionary relationships among the Petunia ×hybrida and P. integrifolia taxa group and could be useful in breeding programs to transfer desired traits from wild to cultivated species.
Seedling ontogeny and environmental plasticity in two co‐occurring shade‐tolerant conifers and implications for environment–population interactions
Authors: Day Michael E. , Zazzaro Sarah , Perkins L. Brian
Published: December 2013

•Premise of the study:Seedling success is determined by evolved strategies of intrinsic genetic programming and plasticity that are regulated by extrinsic pathways. We tested the relative importance of these mechanisms in red spruce (Picea rubensSarg.) and balsam fir (Abies balsameaLin.), which share understory regeneration niches in northeastern North America. Although its reproductive effort is adequate, spruce has decreased in abundance, in relation to fir, in seedling and sapling populations, even in forests that have a predominance of spruce in the overstory.

•Methods:To understand the factors that regulate this phenomenon and their implications for tree populations, we compared intrinsic and plastic regulation of first‐ and second‐year seedlings under steady understory irradiance levels and in response to increases in light environment.

•Key results:Both species exhibited interactions of ontogenetic patterns and plasticity in first‐ and second‐year seedlings. Physiologically, spruce had higher photosynthetic capacity, allocation to photoprotective xanthophylls, and greater plasticity in response to light treatments. Although both species demonstrated an inability to plastically increase photosynthetic capacity in the short term, spruce benefited from greater allocation to foliage under increased irradiance. Fir showed a conservative strategy in root–shoot allocation that may better equip seedlings to withstand drought adaptations and attributes associated with greater shade tolerance.

•Conclusions:These attributes likely contribute to the relative success of fir seedlings in the current climate. By contrast, they indicate that spruce would be a superior competitor in cooler, moister climates, which suggests that future forest composition will be largely determined by an interaction of disturbance and moisture regimes.
La question des redoublements
Authors: Gary-Bobo Robert , Robin Jean-Marc
Published: December 2013

Nous étudions les termes du débat sur la pratique des redoublements dans le système scolaire. Nous examinons d’abord l’institution du redoublement du point de vue de l’analyse économique, avant d’étudier les problèmes statistiques et économétriques spécifiques que pose la mesure des effets du redoublement, en discutant le problème de la sélection des redoublants ou du caractère endogène des décisions de redoublement. Un certain nombre de travaux récents montrent que le redoublement peut avoir des effets positifs à court terme. À long terme, cependant, il semble que les retards scolaires soient un signal négatif transmis au marché du travail.
Why did French Savers buy Foreign Assets before 1914? A Decomposition of the Benefits from Diversification
Authors: Le Bris David
Published: December 2013

Pourquoi les épargnants français achetaient des titres étrangers avant 1914 ? Une décomposition des bénéfices de la diversification Cet article étudie si les épargnants français d’avant 1914 achetaient des titres étrangers pour leur plus forte rentabilité ou à cause de leur faible corrélation. En utilisant les outils de la Théorie Moderne du Portefeuille, le bénéfice d’une diversification internationale est scindé entre ces deux composantes grâce à une hypothèse contrefactuelle de parfaite corrélation. Cette approche permet une mesure originale du rôle respectif de la plus forte rentabilité étrangère et de la faible corrélation dans le bénéfice de diversification. Il apparaît que les investisseurs français étaient principalement motivés par la faible corrélation avec les actifs domestiques que par les rentabilités étrangères plus élevées. Classification JEL : G11, G15, N23.
Pharmacotherapy of Essential Tremor
Authors: Hedera Peter , Cibulčík FrantišEk , Davis Thomas L.
Published: December 2013

Essential tremor (ET) is a common movement disorder but its pathogenesis remains poorly understood. This has limited the development of effective pharmacotherapy. The current therapeutic armamentaria for ET represent the product of careful clinical observation rather than targeted molecular modeling. Here we review their pharmacokinetics, metabolism, dosing, and adverse effect profiles and propose a treatment algorithm. We also discuss the concept of medically refractory tremor, as therapeutic trials should be limited unless invasive therapy is contraindicated or not desired by patients.
Stimulation of Hepatic Apolipoprotein A-I Production by Novel Thieno-Triazolodiazepines: Roles of the Classical Benzodiazepine Receptor, PAF Receptor, and Bromodomain Binding
Authors: Kempen Herman J. , Bellus Daniel , Fedorov Oleg , Nicklisch Silke , Filippakopoulos Panagis , Picaud Sarah , Knapp Stefan
Published: December 2013

Expression and secretion of apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) by cultured liver cells can be markedly stimulated by triazolodiazepines (TZDs). It has been shown previously that the thieno-TZD Ro 11-1464 increases plasma levels of apoA-I and in vivomacrophage reverse cholesterol transport in mice. However, these effects were only seen at high doses, at which the compound could act on central benzodiazepine (BZD) receptors or platelet activating factor (PAF) receptors, interfering with its potential utility. In this work, we describe 2 new thieno-TZDs MDCO-3770 and MDCO-3783, both derived from Ro 11-1464. These compounds display the same high efficacy on apoA-I production, metabolic stability, and lack of cytotoxicity in cultured hepatocytes as Ro 11-1464, but they do not bind to the central BZD receptor and PAF receptor. The quinazoline RVX-208 was less efficacious in stimulating apoA-I production and displayed signs of cytotoxicity. Certain TZDs stimulating apoA-I production are now known to be inhibitors of bromodomain (BRD) extra-terminal (BET) proteins BRDT, BRD2, BRD3, and BRD4, and this inhibition was inferred as a main molecular mechanism for their effect on apoA-I expression. We show here that the thieno-TZD (+)-JQ1, a potent BET inhibitor, strongly stimulated apoA-I production in Hep-G2 cells, but that its enantiomer (-)-JQ1, which has no BET inhibitor activity, also showed considerable effect on apoA-I production. MDCO-3770 and MDCO-3783 also inhibited BRD3 and BRD4 in vitro, with potency somewhat below that of (+)-JQ1. We conclude that the effect of thieno-TZDs on apoA-I expression is not due to inhibition of the BZD or PAF receptors and is not completely explained by transcriptional repression by BET proteins.
Finiteness and constructibility in local analytic geometry
Authors: Garay Mauricio D.
Published: December 2013

Using the Houzel finiteness theorem and the Whitney-Thom stratification theory we show, in local analytic geometry, that relatively constructible sheaves have coherent higher direct images.
A contact geometric proof of the Whitney-Graustein theorem
Authors: Geiges Hansjörg
Published: December 2013

The Whitney–Graustein theorem states that regular closed curves in the

2

-plane are classified, up to regular homotopy, by their rotation number. Here we give a simple proof based on contact geometry.
A Wreath Product Approach to Classical Subgroup Theorems
Authors: Ribes Luis , Steinberg Benjamin
Published: December 2013

We provide elementary proofs of the Nielsen-Schreier Theorem and the Kurosh Subgroup Theorem via wreath products. Our proofs are diagrammatic in nature and work simultaneously in the abstract and profinite categories. A new proof that open subgroups of quasifree profinite groups are quasifree is also given.
Orbifolds as stacks?
Authors: Lerman Eugene
Published: December 2013

The first goal of this survey paper is to argue that if orbifolds are groupoids, then the collection of orbifolds and their maps has to be thought of as a 2-category. Compare this with the classical definition of Satake and Thurston of orbifolds as a 1-category of sets with extra structure and/or with the "modern'' definition of orbifolds as proper étale Lie groupoids up to Morita equivalence. The second goal is to describe two complementary ways of thinking of orbifolds as a 2-category: (1) the weak 2-category of foliation Lie groupoids, bibundles and equivariant maps between bibundles and (2) the strict 2-category of Deligne-Mumford stacks over the category of smooth manifolds.
From spaces of polygons to spaces of polyhedra following Bavard, Ghys and Thurston
Authors: Fillastre François
Published: December 2013

Following work of W.P. Thurston, C. Bavard and É. Ghys constructed particular hyperbolic polyhedra from spaces of deformations of Euclidean polygons. We present this construction as a straightforward consequence of the theory of mixed-volumes. The gluing of these polyhedra can be isometrically embedded into complex hyperbolic cone-manifolds constructed by Thurston from spaces of deformations of Euclidean polyhedra. It is then possible to deduce the metric structure of the spaces of polygons embedded in complex hyperbolic orbifolds discovered by P. Deligne and G.D. Mostow.
Quadratic Form made a Perfect Power by a New Composition Theorem on Arbitrary Quadratic Forms
Authors: Choudhry Ajay
Published: December 2013

This paper deals with the diophantine equation

Q(x_1,\,x_2,\,\ldots,\,x_m)= y^n

, where

m

and

n

are arbitrary positive integers and

Q(x_1,\,x_2,\,\ldots,\,x_m)

is an arbitrary quadratic form in the

m

variables

x_1,\,x_2,\,\ldots,\,x_m

. While solutions of special cases of this equation have been published earlier, the general equation of this type has not been solved till now. To solve this equation, we first show that, given an arbitrary quadratic form

Q(x_1,\,x_2,\,\ldots,\,x_m)

in

m

variables, there exists a
composition formula

Q(u_i)\,Q^2(v_i)=Q(w_i)

where

u_i

and

v_i

(

i= 1,\,2,\,\ldots,\,m

) are arbitrary variables and the

w_i

(

i=1,\,2,\,\ldots,\,m

) are cubic forms in the variables

u_i

and

v_i

(

i=1,\,2,\,\ldots,\,m

). This is a new composition formula, different from the standard composition formulae of the type

Q(u_i)Q(v_i)=Q(w_i)

which are known for certain classes of quadratic forms. As the equation

Q(x_i)=y^n

is not always solvable, we prove a theorem giving a necessary and sufficient condition for its solvability. We use the aforementioned composition formula to obtain parametric solutions of the equation

Q(x_i)=y^n

, and also give some numerical examples.
Transforming User Needs into Functional Requirements for an Antibiotic Clinical Decision Support System
Authors: Bright T.J.
Published: December 2013

Background: Many informatics studies use content analysis to generate functional requirements for system development. Explication of this translational process from qualitative data to functional requirements can strengthen the understanding and scientific rigor when applying content analysis in informatics studies.

Objectives: To describe a user-centered approach transforming emergent themes derived from focus group data into functional requirements for informatics solutions and to illustrate these methods to the development of an antibiotic clinical decision support system (CDS).

Methods: The approach consisted of five steps: 1) identify unmet therapeutic planning information needs via Focus Group Study-I, 2) develop a coding framework of therapeutic planning themes to refine the domain scope to antibiotic therapeutic planning, 3) identify functional requirements of an antibiotic CDS system via Focus Group Study-II, 4) discover informatics solutions and functional requirements from coded data, and 5) determine the types of information needed to support the antibiotic CDS system and link with the identified informatics solutions and functional requirements.

Results: The coding framework for Focus Group Study-I revealed unmet therapeutic planning needs. Twelve subthemes emerged and were clustered into four themes; analysis indicated a need for an antibiotic CDS intervention. Focus Group Study-II included five types of information needs. Comments from the Barrier/Challenge to information access and Function/Feature themes produced three informatics solutions and 13 functional requirements of an antibiotic CDS system. Comments from the Patient, Institution, and Domain themes generated required data elements for each informatics solution.

Conclusions: This study presents one example explicating content analysis of focus group data and the analysis process to functional requirements from narrative data. Illustration of this 5-step method was used to develop an antibiotic CDS system, resolving unmet antibiotic prescribing needs. As a reusable approach, these techniques can be refined and applied to resolve unmet information needs with informatics interventions in additional domains.

Citation: Bright TJ. Transforming user needs into functional requirements for an antibiotic clinical decision support system: explicating content analysis for system design. Appl Clin Inf 2013; 4: 618–635

http://dx.doi.org/10.4338/ACI-2013-08-RA-0058
Assessing a Tourism Satellite Account: A Programme for Ascertaining Conformance with United Nations Standards
Authors: FrenŢt Cristi , Frechtling Douglas C.
Published: December 2013

The Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the method for measuring the economic contribution of tourism to a nation's economy approved by the United Nations and other authoritative international organizations. While a considerable number of countries have developed TSAs, no programme has been proposed for determining how closely a given TSA conforms to the United Nations standards. The purpose of this paper is to present a programme for ascertaining the consistency of a given TSA with the United Nations standards and to apply this programme to a long-standing TSA, the United States Travel and Tourism Satellite Account (USTTSA). The results of this application are summarized and differences between the USTTSA and the United Nations standards are highlighted. The authors find that the programme is comprehensive, feasible in application and can improve the development, interpretation and comparisons of TSAs across countries.
Long-Term Outcome of Liver Transplantation in HIV-1-Positive Patients: 15-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Yamamoto Shinji , Schwarcz Robert , Weiland Ola , Oksanen Antti , Wernerson Annika , Söderdahl Gunnar , Sönnerborg Anders , Ericzon Bo-Göran
Published: December 2013

Liver transplantation (LT) for patients with human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection has been associated with poor outcome. However, after the introduction of the highly active antiretroviral therapy, short-term patient survival after LT has improved significantly. We examined the long-term outcome of HIV-1-positive patients who underwent LT. Medical records were analysed in nine HIV-1-positive LT patients who underwent LT from August 1998 to May 2012. Eight were known to be HIV-1 positive at the time of listing for LT and had end-stage liver disease (ESLD) due to hepatitis C. One patient had primary biliary cirrhosis, and primary HIV-1 infection was found at the date of LT. Seven of the nine patients remain alive to date. So far, three have survived more than 12 years after LT. The overall patient survival rate for both five and 10 years is 77.8%. Four patients experienced acute rejection and six acquired biopsy-confirmed HCV recurrence. HIV-1 replication was effectively blocked during follow-up in all patients. We conclude that long-term survival of HIV-1-positive patients after LT can be achieved. Our study suggests that LT can offer an effective treatment option in selected HIV-1 infected patients with ESLD.
The interpersonal skills of recent U.S. entrants to the field of healthcare management
Authors: Howard Diane Marie , Silverstein Douglas
Published: December 2013

A national survey was conducted to determine the current state of senior executive perceptions of recent entrant managers within corporate headquarters, hospital systems, and freestanding hospitals. The survey was constructed based on leadership interpersonal competencies and competency-based career development programs. A total of 676 respondents returned a survey, representing 31% of the mailing sample. The goal of the research was to determine the perceptions that senior executives have about the interpersonal skills of recent entrants to the field of health care management and identify best practices for organizational training of such entrants. Findings reveal that senior executives view the recent entrant manager favorably regardless of age, gender, education, and non-clinical/clinical background. Senior executives also observed the need to require additional training of recent entrant managers in areas of management skills on understanding organizational politics, using a variety of techniques to influence others, handling difficult people or situations using diplomacy, confronting others about their mistakes, and exercising authority.
Cost Benefit Analysis of Climate Change Adaptation Strategies on Crop Production Systems: A Case of Mpolonjeni Area Development Programme (ADP) in Swaziland
Authors: Shongwe Phindile , Masuku Micah B. , Manyatsi Absalom M.
Published: December 2013

Prolonged drought and floods as a result of climate change are a serious problem for households at Mpolonjeni ADP because their livelihood is mainly rainfedfarming. This is evident as there is high level of food insecurity, crop failure, poverty and hunger, which has forced many households to abandon farming and survive by food aid. The study was a descriptive survey aimed to identify private adaptation strategies to climate change and conduct a cost benefit analysis for the identified adaptation strategies. A stratified random samplingtechnique was used to select 350 households. Personal interviews were conducted using structured questionnaires. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and cost benefit analysis where net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR) were used as decision rules. Adaptation strategies used were; drought resistant varieties, switching crops, irrigation, crop rotation, mulching, minimum tillage, early planting, late planting and intercropping. Switching crops had the highest NPV, where maize (E14.40) should be substituted with drought tolerant crops such as cotton (E1864.40), sorghum (E283.30) and dry beans (E292.20). The study recommends that households should grow drought tolerant crops such as cotton, sorghum and dry beans instead of maize. The government should provide irrigation infrastructure, such as dams, strengthen extension services and subsidise farm inputs in order to improve crop production.
Conditions for the univalence of certain integral operatos
Authors: Aghalary Rasoul , Ebadian Ali , Arjomandinia Parviz
Published: December 2013

In the present paper, we consider two integral operators defined on special subclass of $\mathcal{A}$,namely $U_n(\lambda,\mu)$ with $n\in\mathbb{N}$. Using the extension of Becker's lemma, we obtain new univalence criterions for the operators in the open unit disk $\mathbb{D}=\{z\in\mathbb{C}:|z|<1\}.$ Finally, we deduce some corollaries of the main results.
An extension of a basic univalence criterion
Authors: Raducanu Dorina , Tudor Horiana , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: December 2013

Some sufficient conditions for univalence and quasiconformal extension of a class of functions defined by an integral operator are discussed with some examples. This condition involves two arbitrary functions $ g $ and $ h $ analytic in the unit disk. A number of well-known univalent conditions would follow upon specializing the functions and the parameters involved in our main result.
Co-screen conformal half-lightlike submanifolds
Authors: Wang Yaning , Liu Ximin
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we introduce and study the geometry of half lightlike submanifold $M$ of a semi-Riemannian manifold $\overline{M}$ satisfying that the shape operator of screen transversal bundle is conformal to the shape operator of lightlike transversal bundle of $M$. Using this geometric condition we obtain some results to characterize the unique existence of screen distribution of $M$, also, we present some sufficient conditions for the induced Ricci curvature tensor of $M$ to be symmetric.
On the Arithmetic-Geometric mean inequality
Authors: Hassani Mehdi
Published: December 2013

We obtain some refinements of the Arithmetic--Geometric mean inequality. As an application, we find the maximum value of a multi-variable function.
Lyapunov-type inequality for third-order half-linear differential equations
Authors: Kiselak Jozef
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we give a proof of a Lyapunov-type inequality for third-order half-linear differential equations. Then some applications, e.g.~the distance between consecutive zeros of a solution, are studied with the help of the inequality.
On graphs with no proper perfect dominating set
Authors: Dalal Aseem
Published: December 2013

A set of vertices in a graph is perfect dominating if every vertex outside the set is adjacent to exactly one vertex in the set, and is neighborhood connected if the subgraph induced by its open neighborhood is connected. In any graph the full set of vertices is perfect dominating, and in every connected graph the full set of vertices is neighborhood connected. It is shown that(i) in a connected graph, if the only neighborhood connected perfect dominating set is the full set of vertices, then the full set of vertices is also the only perfect dominating set; and (ii) if $ r \ge 3 $ and $ n_1, \ldots ,n_r \ge 2 $, then in $K_{n_1,\ldots,n_r}$ the only perfect dominating set is the full set of vertices. Also, (iii) estimates are derived of how many edges can be removed from or added to $K_{n_1,\ldots ,n_r}$ while preserving the property described in (ii).
Homomorphism theorems in subtraction algebra
Authors: öztürk Mehmet ali , Yazarli Hasret
Published: December 2013

In this paper, we give homomorphism theorem between two subtraction algebras and investigate some related properties.
Introduction: The Global Economy, FDI, and the Regime for Investment
Authors: Milner Helen V.
Published: December 2013

The world economy has maintained or enhanced its integration in the past decade even in the face of the global financial crisis. A large part of this globalization has been driven by capital flows. This symposium focuses on one element of these capital flows, foreign direct investment (FDI), and on the regime in place to safeguard and promote such investments around the globe. The articles by Allee and Peinhardt and Simmons focus on the nature and evolution of the bilateral investment treaties (BITs) that have been developed to protect such investments and that have proliferated since the 1990s. The final article, by Büthe and Milner, turns its attention to the ways in which international trade agreements affect FDI. The comparison between the investment and trade agreements is instructive, since they seem to have different effects.

FDI has become one of the most important economic flows in the global economy. It is a critical source of capital for developing countries and remains a significant source of investment in the developed world. FDI has grown in part because countries changed their policies toward it dramatically after the 1980s; governments in developing countries made unilateral policy changes that opened up markets across the globe and increased competition among countries for FDI.