bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lying and Misleading within the Philosophy of Language: A Relevance-Theoretic Perspective
Authors: Kisielewska-Krysiuk Marta
Published: November 2018

The aim of the paper is to examine the lying/misleading distinction from a relevance-theoretic perspective (cf. Sperber and Wilson [1986] 1995; 2004; Wilson and Sperber 2002; 2012). On standard accounts, the distinction is drawn parallel to the saying/implicating distinction. ‘What is said’, rooted in Grice (1975), has been subject to extensive discussion and numerous reanalyses under a variety of terms (see, for example, Recanati 1993; Bach 1994; Carston 2002), but no agreement has been reached as to the content of ‘what is said’ and the borderline between ‘what is said’ and ‘what is implicated’. Accordingly, within the philosophy of language the attempts to capture the lying/misleading distinction (Meibauer 2005; 2011; 2014ab; Saul 2012ab; Stokke 2013; 2016) rely on different notions of ‘what is said’. The paper is an attempt to take a stance in the debate on the distinction under discussion from the perspective of Relevance Theory (Sperber and Wilson [1986] 1995; 2004; Wilson and Sperber 2012), which is a cognitive extension and modification of Gricean model of communication and has been seriously concerned with the elaborated concept of what is said, known as ‘explicature’. One of our goals is to see how the relevance-theoretic understanding of “what is said” (Carston 2002; 2009; 2010; Carston and Hall 2012) affects the lying/misleading distinction, and the other way round. In an attempt to provide ground for the relevance-theoretic account, a critical overview and comparison of the existing approaches to lying and misleading is also presented.
Predicting Definite Article Usages in New Englishes: Variety Outweighs Genre and Syntactic Function in Nigerian English
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa
Published: November 2018

Variability in the use of the definite article in New Englishes, and in particular, Nigerian English has received the least attention from a quantitative, probabilistic and predictive perspective. The present study narrows this gap by not only assessing the extent to which article use in Nigerian English varies, but by also simultaneously testing out previous claims found in similar varieties, using similar corpus data from the Nigerian component of the International Corpus of English (ICE). Following theoretic framework for article use by Hawkins (1978) and Prince (1981), Wahid (2013) found that variability in definite article usage in New Englishes is more predictable on the basis of genre than on the basis of variety. Revising Wahid’s method and reconceptualising same theoretic frameworks of Hawkins and Prince, together with a comparable corpus sample of 8674 definite article the from ICE-Nigeria, the extent of article usage variability in the Nigerian variety is not only shown but also that variety outweighs genre and syntactic function predicting article usage in New Englishes.
Shifts of Cohesion and Coherence in Several Polish Translations of G.K. Chesterton
Authors: Reda Maciej
Published: November 2018

The paper is concerned with shifts of cohesion and coherence in several Polish translations of G. K. Chesterton from the point of view of the procedural approach, in which the choice of particular linguistic/textual devices is indicative of the text producer’s intended meaning. As regards cohesion, the paper touches upon lexical cohesion and conjunction. It discusses the effects of replacing repetition with variation, and of disambiguating and explicating conjunctions. As for coherence, an analysis is carried out which shows how the translator’s failure to render a polysemous word adequately detracted from the TT’s coherence. Also, an example is given of coherence being affected by polysemy in the TT. The aim of the paper is to find out what kind of issues and regularities connected with cohesion and coherence emerge in the translation process and how these affect target texts.
The Marriage of Heaven and Hell: On the Functional Approach to Translating Libretti for Modernised Opera Productions
Authors: Ożarowska Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

The present paper focuses on the issue of translating operatic libretti in the form of surtitles. This is a very specific type of translation, and it becomes even more challenging when operatic productions for which surtitles are created are modernised. In such cases the application of skopos theory proves to be the most useful and effective, even though some of its premises may be regarded as controversial. The data for the present study come from the most reputable opera houses, for example the Metropolitan Opera House or Royal Opera House, as they are known for providing their audiences with high-quality libretti translations.
Emotional Communities in Ælfric’s Maccabees
Authors: Olesiejko Jacek
Published: November 2018

The present article studies Ælfric of Eynsham’s homily based on the biblical books of Maccabees. It uses Barbara H. Rosenwein’s concept of an “emotional community” to elucidate Ælfric’s treatment of anger and violence in the process of adapting the biblical source in his Old English homily. His presentation and characterisation of characters draws upon the hagiographic technique of polarisation. He makes vivid contrast between fury-driven persecutors and the just Hebrew, whose conduct is a commendable example of self-master over emotion. The argument of the article is that Ælfric handles his representation of anger and violence to enhance the figurative, tropolotical exposition of the homily.
“Vain dalliance with misery”: Moral Therapy in William Wordsworth’s “The Ruined Cottage”
Authors: Kałowski Piotr
Published: November 2018

The following paper will examine how (male) speakers in William Wordsworth’s “The Baker’s Cart” and “Incipient Madness,” which eventually became reworked into “The Ruined Cottage,” narrate the histories of traumatised women. It will be argued that by distorting the women’s accounts of suffering into a didactic lesson for themselves, the poems’ speakers embody the tension present in the chief psychiatric treatment of the Romantic period, moral therapy, which strove to humanise and give voice to afflicted subjects, at the same time trying to contain and eventually correct their “otherness.”
Reading and Resituating Charles Sangster’s The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay as a Canadian Pilgrimage Poem
Authors: Ganz Shoshannah
Published: November 2018

Developing on 150 years of reviews and scholarship of Charles Sangster’s The St. Lawrence and the Saguenay, this paper contends that Sangster’s poem is not merely derivative of British and American Romantic poetry, or a vague tourist poem, but that Sangster employs the language and images of Christian pilgrimage to purposefully detail the pilgrimage of his soul.
“My lot is cast in with my sex and country”: Generic Conventions, Gender Anxieties and American Identity in Emma Hart Willard’s and Catherine Maria Sedgwick’s Travel Letters
Authors: Rutkowska Małgorzata
Published: November 2018

The article analyses generic conventions, gender constraints and authorial self-definition in two ante-bellum American travel accounts – Emma Hart Willard’s Journal and Letters, from France and Great Britain (1833) and Catharine Maria Sedgwick’s Letters from Abroad to Kindred at Home (1841). Emma Hart Willard, a pioneer in women’s higher education and Catharine Maria Sedgwick, an author of sentimental novels, were influential figures of the Early Republic, active in the literary public sphere. Narrative personas adopted in their travel letters have been shaped by the authors’ national identity on the one hand and by ideals of republican motherhood, which they propagated, on the other. Both travelogues are preceded with apologies filled with self-deprecating rhetoric, typical for women’s travel writing in the early 19th century and both are intended to instruct the American reader. Other conventional features of American antebellum travel writing include comparisons between British and American government and society with a view of extolling the latter as well as avid interest in social status and public activities of European women. Willard and Sedgwick deal with possible gender anxieties of their upper middle-class female readers by assuring them that following one’s literary or educational vocation in the public sphere does necessarily mean compromising ideals of true womanhood in private life.
Rage and Rebellion in Louisa May Alcott’s “A Whisper in the Dark”
Authors: Korycka Karolina
Published: November 2018

This article discusses the feminist implications of Louisa May Alcott’s 1863 Gothic story “A Whisper in the Dark,” which not only expresses the anxieties that the author experienced in response to her upbringing and her social reality, but also provides an extensive critique of patriarchal culture. The essay explores the subversive nature of the story by presenting it as a dark double to Charlotte Brontë’s Jane Eyre as well as by showing how the author mocks nineteenth-century sentimentality throughout.
London’s Suffragettes, Votes for Women, and Fashion
Authors: Kociołek Katarzyna
Published: November 2018

Suffragettes’ militant campaigns for voting rights are commonly dissociated from fashion, yet, in fact clothing and accessories were widely used by Emmeline Pankhurst and her fellow activists to gain visibility and increase public support for the suffrage movement. As commented by Katrina Rolley (1990), the suffragettes were frequently confronted with unfavourable representation of themselves in the press. Yet, thanks to their distinctive use of fashion, as observed by Paula Bartley (2002), the so called “Coronation Procession” held on 17 June 1911 in London was “one of the most colourful and spectacular of all the women’s suffrage demonstrations” (122‒123). Because there is little research on the importance of fashion in public space and the relationship between fashion and the women’s movement, the objective of the article is to show how sartorial practices of suffragettes countered their negative representation in the press. By applying elements of Cognitive Metaphor Theory to selected political cartoons by William Kerridge Haselden in the Daily Mirror, and fashion advertisements in Votes for Women magazine, the article demonstrates that the suffragettes used fashion in order to both increase their public visibility and to conform to normative femininity.
Genius, Appropriation and Transnational Collaboration in Ezra Pound’s Cathay
Authors: Vali Abid
Published: November 2018

When we discuss the cross-cultural relationships of Euro-American modernists we often fall between the poles of either celebrating the ‘coming together of traditions’ or suspiciously decrying the power play involved. A case in point is the divergent critical understanding most often posited of Ezra Pound’s relationship to the materials he produced from Ernest Fenollosa’s notes – notably Classical Chinese poetry in the form of Cathay (1915). The first position is Hugh Kenner’s who holds that its meaning, its primary function, was as an anti-WWI volume, rather than as any representation of Chinese poetry or an extension of Imagism (1971, 202–204). In seeming opposition to this vision of an ideal aesthetic come at by the application of genius, we have those who highlight the source material of Fenollosa’s notes to discuss various modes of Pound as translator. Interestingly, these critics, who resist the Kennerian celebration of Poundian genius and insist that Pound is engaged here in an act of translation, “essentially [...] appropriative” (Xie 232), or otherwise, also reinforce a reading whereby “the precise nature of the translator’s authorship remains unformulated, and so the notion of authorial originality continues” (Venuti 6). This is the issue I wish to address when we study the disparities between Fenollosa’s notes and the Cathay poems, i.e. Pound’s own choices with regard to those poems’ content, as a key chapter in the study of transnational collaboration.
“Such beauty transforming the dark”: Wallace Stevens’s Project in Frank Ormsby’s “Fireflies”
Authors: Pietrzak Wit , Marzec Karolina
Published: November 2018

Although Frank Ormsby’s poetry is associated with what Terry Eagleton has called tropes of irony and commitment, his 2009 collection Fireflies inclines, rather surprisingly, towards Wallace Stevens’s idea of imagination as a force impacting reality. Reading Ormsby’s volume against a selection of poems by Stevens unravels what appears to be a consistent affinity between the author of Harmonium and the Ulster-born poet. This affinity manifests itself, as the present paper aims to show, in the fact that in Fireflies, much like in Stevens, a form of perception of reality is delineated that is never to stagnate into an achieved balance.
The Violence of Duality in Adrienne Kennedy’s Funnyhouse of a Negro
Authors: Ha Quan Manh , Hogan Conor
Published: November 2018

Adrienne Kennedy’s psychodrama Funnyhouse of a Negro personifies in her protagonist, Sarah, the internalized racism and mental deterioration that a binary paradigm foments. Kennedy also develops the schizoid consciousness of Sarah to accentuate Sarah’s hybridized and traumatized identity as an African American woman. Kennedy’s play was controversial during the Black Arts Movement, as she refrained from endorsing black nationalist groups like Black Power, constructing instead a nightmare world in which race is the singular element in defining self-worth. In her dramatized indictment of both white supremacy and identity politics, American culture’s pathologized fascination with pigmentation drives the protagonist to solipsistic isolation, and ultimately, to suicide. Kennedy, through the disturbed cast of Sarah’s mind, portrays a world in which race obsession triumphs over any sense of basic humanity. The play urges the audience to accept the absurdity of a dichotomized vision of the world, to recognize the spectral nature of reality, and to transcend the devastation imposed by polarizing rhetoric.
“I’ll risk you, if you’ll risk me”: The Ambiguity of Human Existence and Relationships in Marilyn Duckworth’s Married Alive
Authors: Orzechowska Anna
Published: November 2018

The aim of this paper is to analyse Marilyn Duckworth’s Married Alive within the framework of Simone de Beauvoir’s philosophy of ambiguity, risk and reciprocal recognition. It is argued that the New Zealand writer represents human relationships both as a potential threat to one’s subjectivity, conceptualising them in terms of conflict and competition, and a necessity that may enrich both parties. What is celebrated in the novel as the key to establishing a mutually rewarding bond is the wilful acceptance of risk and reciprocal recognition of oneself and the lover as both subject and object.
“[They] would say she was betraying Poland already”: Major Themes in Contemporary Canadian Literature by Writers of Polish Origins
Authors: Drewniak Dagmara
Published: November 2018

In June 2015 The Canadian Polish Research Institute organized a panel discussion chaired by professor Tamara Trojanowska called “Writing Change and Continuity: Culture, Languages, Generations.” The debate featured esteemed writers of Polish descent: Eva Stachniak, Andrew Borkowski, Ania Szado, Jowita Bydlowska and Aga Maksimowska. Although the writers in question do not belong to the same generation and do not share exactly the same emigration experience, nowadays they form a distinguished group of Canadian writers of Polish origins. The aim of this paper is to look at the selection of the latest texts written by authors of the Polish diaspora in Canada such as Eva Stachniak’s The Chosen Maiden (2017), Jowita Bydlowska’s Drunk Mom (2013) and Guy (2016), Ania Szado’s Studio Saint Ex (2013) and Aga Maksimowska’s Giant (2012) among others. This paper does not venture to repeat the conclusions drawn during the panel but rather to extend the exploration of the recent Polish diasporic, multivoiced writing as well as offer a modest supplement to the famous analysis of ethnic writing proposed by Smaro Kamboureli in her Scandalous Bodies: Diasporic Literature in English Canada (2009). Hence, the discussion comprises the authors’ choice of themes, (dis)appearance of immigrant motifs, references to Poland as a country of origin and Canada as the new homeland as well as an analysis of the genres the aforementioned authors use.
“Survival is insufficient”: The Postapocalyptic Imagination of Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven
Authors: Feldner Maximilian
Published: November 2018

Postapocalyptic narratives proliferate in contemporary fiction and cinema. A convincing and successful representative of the genre, Emily St. John Mandel’s Station Eleven (2014) can nevertheless be distinguished from other postapocalyptic texts, such as Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006), Margaret Atwood’s Maddaddam trilogy, and the television series The Walking Dead (2010–). The novel does not focus on survival, struggle, and conflict but rather examines the possibility and necessity of cultural expression in a postapocalyptic setting, demonstrating the importance and value of art and memory even in strained circumstances. As a result, it presents an unusually optimistic and hopeful vision of an otherwise bleak future.
Reasons to Think That Anglo-Frisian Developed in Britain
Authors: White David L.
Published: November 2018

Linguistic evidence is adduced indicating that (as non-linguistic evidence long known also suggests) the origin of Anglo-Frisian goes back to a period of common development in SE Anglo-Saxon England around 475–525. The linguistic reason to think so is that almost every characteristic innovation of Anglo-Frisian has a plausible motivation in terms of infl uences from Brittonic. It seems that the later Frisians originated as Anglo-Saxons, occupying territory between Kentish and Pre-Mercian, who left England and went back to the continent, of course to the coast, around 540. The conclusion is that Frisian is similar to English because Frisian is descended from English.
The Distribution of the Perfect Auxiliaries be/have in Middle English Texts
Authors: Zdziera Katarzyna Alicja
Published: November 2018

Like many Germanic languages, English has developed specific periphrastic constructions to express perfective meaning. Before being fully grammaticalized in the 16th century, they were used occasionally in Old and Middle English as complex verb phrases with either habban ‘to have’ or beon/wesan ‘to be’ acting as auxiliary verbs. By the Modern English period, forms created with be disappeared from the language and were almost completely replaced by forms with have, a process which did not occur, for instance, in German. As the data on this development are quite scarce, a relatively simple model is assumed with a steady diachronic progress towards the system established in Modern English, a model which disregards synchronic variation. This paper attempts to investigate the distribution of the perfective constructions with be and have, especially in the 15th century texts and to identify the main factors accounting for diff erences in their usage. Instead of taking into account only the diachronic aspect of the development described, the present study focuses mainly on investigating the synchronic variation in the auxiliaries used with the two most frequent verbs of motion, namely come and go in the perfective meaning.
Nice to Meet You or Nice Meeting You: Complementation Patterns of Emotive Adjectives
Authors: Kaluga Michał
Published: November 2018

The current paper investigates the plausibility of the claim that the complementation patterns of an adjective can resemble that of a verb as well as its compliance with the rules of Present-Day English. The results of the research suggest that, as long noted in the case with verbs, the gerund complement is diff using over the to-infinitive in regressive contexts. The study also reveals additional factors which might infl uence a speaker’s choice of the respective complement type.
The Structural Simplification Hypothesis and the Premodifiers in Nigerian English
Authors: Akinlotan Mayowa
Published: November 2018

This paper conducts a corpus-based study of the occurrence/non-occurrence, structural pattern, and forms of the premodifier in the Nigerian English noun phrase, comparing the scenarios that emerge with those of the British and Ghanaian varieties of English. These three phenomena, which are crucial to the nature of premodifier in new varieties of English, are investigated in relation to predictors representing syntactic function, register, post-dependent syntactic weight, and animacy, showing, among other things, the extent to which structural complexity/simplicity is present in the structure of the premodifiers studied. Corpus findings indicate that premodifiers are more likely to occur (53%) than not (47%) and that simple premodifiers (i.e. one-word premodifier structural pattern (79%)) are significantly preferred to complex premodifiers (i.e. two-word at 17% and longer patterns at 4%). Relating to form, single premodifiers are most likely to be realized as adjectives. It is also found that the alternation between simple and complex premodifiers is most strongly predicted by the syntactic functions that the NP performs, as well as the syntactic weight present in the post dependent slot. Register, which is reputed as a very strong indicator of structural variation (Schils and De Haan 1993; Biber et al. 2007; Schilk and Schaub 2016) is outweighed by syntactic function and post-dependent weight.
Middle and Early Modern English Medical Recipes: Some Notes on Specialised Terminology
Authors: Sylwanowicz Marta
Published: November 2018

One of the text-type features of a recipe is a certain degree of technical lexicon (cf. Görlach 2004). The aim of the present study is to compare the use and distribution of selected group of terms, here references to medical preparations, in Middle and Early Modern English recipe collections. Particular attention will be given to the factors responsible for the choice of terms. Also, we will concentrate on the rivalry between native and foreign lexical units.
Relevance in Sitcom Discourse: The Viewer’s Perspective
Authors: Wieczorek Magdalena
Published: November 2018

The present paper draws upon Sperber and Wilson’s ([1986] 1995) Relevance Theory to undertake a pragmatic analysis of situation comedy (sitcom) discourse. More specifically, special attention is paid to the cognitive interpretative paths the viewer needs to take in order to find a dialogue or monologue humorous. The analysis is premised upon the participation framework, which accounts for the bi-partite division of communication in fictional discourse: the character’s (fictional) layer and the recipient’s layer, the latter being in the centre of attention.
Complementarity of Image and Text in Political Cartoons: Three Case Studies
Authors: Genova Dafina
Published: November 2018

The article analyzes the complementarity of image and text in political cartoons taking into account the following parameters: Prior Text(s), Producer, Cartoon, and Viewer/ Reader. In the meaning-making process, the viewer/reader constantly alternates between image and text. The two modes of communication can convey the same message(s), each of the modes can strengthen the meaning of the other; the two might have nothing in common, yet, when combined, will produce a meaningful message. Visual metaphors and metonymies play an important role in the construction of meaning in political cartoons. They are analyzed from the point of view of conceptual metaphor and metonymy theory and its application in multimodal communication. Humour in political cartoons is also briefly discussed.
From the British Isles to Ceylon, or English in Sri Lanka
Authors: Laskowska Olga
Published: November 2018

Although Sri Lanka was a site of colonization of the Portuguese, Dutch and (under the treaty of Amiens in 1802) British, it was the English language that had the strongest infl uence on the indigenous population of the island as the earlier colonizers were less interested in disseminating their culture. Taking into consideration the fact that English was established in Sri Lanka by missionaries and British officers, it can be assumed that the language brought to the island of Ceylon was the Standard English of the turn of the 19th century. Exploiting data from International Corpus of English – Sri Lanka and articles on Sri Lankan English, the present study contains a comparison of contemporary Sri Lankan English and the English of the period when the language was brought to the Island (early 19th century). Thus, an effort is made to show the conservative features of the language of the first British settlers, which survive in English spoken in contemporary Sri Lanka.
Can Indirect, Delayed Error Correction Improve Students’ Willingness to Speak in the Target Language?
Authors: Pham Quang Nam
Published: November 2018

At a high school where I have worked as a visiting lecturer, students of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) tend to use their mother tongue (L1) instead of the target language (L2) in communicative activities. Many factors are to blame for this issue, such as the seating arrangement, the language curriculum, the influences from the interlocutors, and the teacher correction methods (Pham 2005). This study aims to propose a strategy to correct student errors during communicative activities. Data analysis shows that the strategy of error correction that a teacher uses will have a substantial impact on student use of L2 in oral activities. Drawing from such fi ndings, I suggest some practical teaching strategies to maximize L2 and minimize L1 in speaking activities.
O ENSINO DA MAQUIAGEM TEATRAL
Authors: Romano Olívia Camboim
Published: November 2018

O artigo trata dos cinco principais desafios do ensino da maquiagem teatral e as estratégias encontradas para enfrentá-los, entre os anos de 2007 e 2011, quando assumi o componente curricular Maquiagem e Caracterização na Universidade Regional de Blumenau (Furb), na ocasião, obrigatório na terceira fase do antigo curso Artes – Bacharelado em Teatro – Interpretação. Além disso, expõe os dez elementos básicos da maquiagem e a importância das cores na criação da maquiagem teatral. A experiência evidenciou que o ensino da automaquiagem é fundamental para atores em formação. Considerando que a maquiagem é basilar para o processo de composição da personagem, independente da poética adotada, este elemento precisa ser trabalhado e deve estar em harmonia com os demais aspectos visuais do espetáculo; pois, nesse caso, está a serviço de um espetáculo cênico.
Magnetotransport Anomaly in Room‐Temperature Ferrimagnetic NiCo2O4 Thin Films
Authors: Chen Xuegang , Zhang Xiaozhe , Han Myung‐Geun , Zhang Le , Zhu Yimei , Xu Xiaoshan , Hong Xia
Published: November 2018

The inverse spinel ferrimagnetic NiCo2O4 presents a unique model system for studying the competing effects of crystalline fields, magnetic exchange, and various types of chemical and lattice disorder on the electronic and magnetic states. Here, magnetotransport anomalies in high‐quality epitaxial NiCo2O4 thin films resulting from the complex energy landscape are reported. A strong out‐of‐plane magnetic anisotropy, linear magnetoresistance, and robust anomalous Hall effect above 300 K are observed in 5–30 unit cell NiCo2O4 films. The anomalous Hall resistance exhibits a nonmonotonic temperature dependence that peaks around room temperature, and reverses its sign at low temperature in films thinner than 20 unit cells. The scaling relation between the anomalous Hall conductivity and longitudinal conductivity reveals the intricate interplay between the spin‐dependent impurity scattering, band intrinsic Berry phase effect, and electron correlation. This study provides important insights into the functional design of NiCo2O4 for developing spinel‐based spintronic applications.
Synthesis of functionalized magnetic nanoparticles as a nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Ahmad Panahi Homayon , Nourbakhsh Sogol , Siami Fatemeh
Published: November 2018

In this research, iron oxide magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized by chemical co‐precipitation method. The surface of particles was grafted with β‐cyclodextrin/N,N‐dimethylacrylamide (β‐CD/DMAA) copolymer. Potency of NPs as carrier of antibiotic ofloxacin (OFL) was evaluated. They were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of the adsorption parameters such as pH, contact time, and temperature for sorption of drug onto NPs was evaluated and optimized. The drug release profile showed that approximately 60% of the adsorbed drug was released in the first 10 min at pH of 1.2 (simulated gastric fluid) and 55% was released within 30 hr in pH of 7.4 (simulated intestinal fluid). Findings of study suggested the suitability of β‐CD/DMAA grafted magnetic NPs for OFL delivery.
Resveratrol inhibits Src tyrosine kinase, STAT3, and Wnt signaling pathway in collagen induced arthritis model
Authors: Oz Burak , Yildirim Ahmet , Yolbas Servet , Celik Zulfinaz Betul , Etem Ebru Onalan , Deniz Gulnihal , Akin Mustafa , Akar Zeynel Abidin , Karatas Ahmet , Koca Suleyman Serdar
Published: November 2018

Resveratrol, a phytochemical, acts several cellular signaling pathways and has anti‐inflammatory potentials. The purpose of this study is to research the therapeutic effect of resveratrol in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA) model in rats and whether resveratrol affects the activities of signaling pathways those are potent pathogenic actors of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis was induced by intradermal injection of chicken type II collagen combined with incomplete Freund's adjuvant in Wistar albino rats. One day after the onset of arthritis (day 14), resveratrol (20 mg/kg/day) was given via oral gavage, until day 29. The paws of the rats were obtained for further analysis. Tissue Wnt5a, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK), Src tyrosine kinase and signal transducer, and activator of transcription‐3 (STAT3) mRNA expressions were determined by real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Resveratrol ameliorated the clinical and histopathological (perisynovial inflammation and cartilage‐bone destruction) findings of inflammatory arthritis. The tissue mRNA expressions of Wnt5a, MAPK3, Src kinase, and STAT3 were increased in the sham group compared to the control group. Resveratrol supplement decreased their expressions. The present study shows that Src kinase, STAT3, and Wnt signaling pathway are active in the CIA model. Resveratrol inhibits these signaling pathways and ameliorates inflammatory arthritis. © 2018 BioFactors, 45(1):69–74, 2019
Toward effectiveness and authenticity in PBL: A proposal based on a virtual learning environment in computing education
Authors: Bessa Bruno R. , Santos Simone , Duarte Breno J.
Published: November 2018

Problem‐Based Learning (PBL) has gained widespread approval as a constructive, student‐centered approach to teaching, and learning. Advocating the use of real‐life problems to initiate and motivate the learning process, PBL is an inductive strategy promoting the understanding of new concepts as well as the development of professional skills, abilities, and attitudes. Thus, it is paramount that teachers and students implement PBL in conformity to its core principles. However, such implementation becomes a challenge, considering that PBL is fundamentally different from traditional instruction methods. Without the appropriate pedagogical and technological support, PBL's quality, effectiveness, and authenticity are at risk. In an attempt to overcome these challenges, this paper presents the PBL‐Coach Virtual Learning Environment (VLE), built upon PBL learning theories. This paper describes in detail a scientific investigation on a practical PBL implementation, driven by the quest to achieve the following goals: (i) Scaffold teachers and students in implementing the PBL method; (ii) Investigate useful and usable technological resources in the PBL process; (iii) Maintain PBL core principles for an authentic and effective learning process. As a result, three case studies are described and one is detailed to validate our investigation, consisting of a real‐world setting with clients, teachers, tutors, and students. Each case study provided a good level of evidence that PBL‐Coach, used in a real‐world, authentic setting, can promote an effective learning process through a number of carefully designed technological resources. Encouraging results motivated to evolve PBL‐Coach through Augmented and Virtual Reality components as future works.
Mechanistic Insight into the Catalytic Promiscuity of Amine Dehydrogenases: Asymmetric Synthesis of Secondary and Primary Amines
Authors: Tseliou Vasilis , Masman Marcelo F. , Böhmer Wesley , Knaus Tanja , Mutti Francesco G.
Published: November 2018

Biocatalytic asymmetric amination of ketones, by using amine dehydrogenases (AmDHs) or transaminases, is an efficient method for the synthesis of α‐chiral primary amines. A major challenge is to extend amination to the synthesis of secondary and tertiary amines. Herein, for the first time, it is shown that AmDHs are capable of accepting other amine donors, thus giving access to enantioenriched secondary amines with conversions up to 43 %. Surprisingly, in several cases, the promiscuous formation of enantiopure primary amines, along with the expected secondary amines, was observed. By conducting practical laboratory experiments and computational experiments, it is proposed that the promiscuous formation of primary amines along with secondary amines is due to an unprecedented nicotinamide (NAD)‐dependent formal transamination catalysed by AmDHs. In nature, this type of mechanism is commonly performed by pyridoxal 5′‐phosphate aminotransferase and not by dehydrogenases. Finally, a catalytic pathway that rationalises the promiscuous NAD‐dependent formal transamination activity and explains the formation of the observed mixture of products is proposed. This work increases the understanding of the catalytic mechanism of NAD‐dependent aminating enzymes, such as AmDHs, and will aid further research into the rational engineering of oxidoreductases for the synthesis of α‐chiral secondary and tertiary amines.
Intravascular ultrasound analysis of intraplaque versus subintimal tracking in percutaneous intervention for coronary chronic total occlusions: One year outcomes
Authors: Finn Matthew T. , Doshi Darshan , Cleman Jacob , Song Lei , Maehara Akiko , Hatem Raja , Redfors Björn , Kalra Sanjog , Fried Justin A. , Liao Ming , Batres Candido , Moses Jeffery W. , Parikh Manish A. , Collins Michael B. , Nazif Tamim M. , Fall Khady N. , Green Phillip , Kirtane Ajay J. , Ali Ziad A. , Leon Martin B. , Mintz Gary S. , Karmpaliotis Dimitri
Published: November 2018

Objectives

We sought to determine the 1‐year outcomes of patients receiving successful chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) procedures comparing subintimal versus intraplaque wire tracking patterns.

Background

CTO PCI utilizes both intraluminal and subintimal wire tracking to achieve successful percutaneous revascularization. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) can be used to precisely determine the path of wire tracking.

Methods

From 2014 to 2016, data from patients undergoing CTO PCI were collected in a single‐center database. The primary composite endpoint was target vessel failure (TVF) defined as cardiovascular death, target vessel myocardial infarction (MI), or target vessel revascularization (TVR).

Results

In total 157 patients with successful CTO PCI and concomitant IVUS imaging completed 1‐year follow‐up. Subintimal tracking was detected in 53.5% of cases and those patients had a higher incidence of prior PCI, prior coronary artery bypass grafting, and higher J‐CTO score. At 1‐year, the unadjusted rate of TVF in the subintimal tracking group was higher than the intraplaque group (17.9 vs. 6.9%, HR 2.74, 95% CI 1.00–7.54, P = 0.04), driven by numerically higher rates of TVR and peri‐procedural MI. After multivariable adjustment, no significant differences in the rates of the TVF between subintimal vs. intraplaque groups were present at 1‐year (TVF: HR 1.51, 95% CI 0.38–6.00, P = 0.55). Landmark analysis excluding in‐hospital events showed no significant differences in TVF to 1‐year.

Conclusions

IVUS‐detected subintimal tracking was observed in over half of successful CTO PCI cases and correlated with baseline and angiographic factors that contributed to the overall rate of TVF at 1‐year.
Control of Spatially Homogeneous Distribution of Heteroatoms to Produce Red TiO2 Photocatalyst for Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Hong Xingxing , Tan Jun , Zhu Huaze , Feng Ningdong , Yang Yongqiang , Irvine John T. S. , Wang Lianzhou , Liu Gang , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: November 2018

The strong band‐to‐band absorption of photocatalysts spanning the whole visible‐light region (400–700 nm) is critically important for solar‐driven photocatalysis. Although it has been actively and widely used as a photocatalyst for various reactions in the past four decades, TiO2 has a very poor ability to capture the whole spectrum of visible light. In this work, by controlling the spatially homogeneous distribution of boron and nitrogen heteroatoms in anatase TiO2 microspheres with a predominance of high‐energy {001} facets, a strong visible‐light absorption spectrum with a sharp edge beyond 680 nm has been achieved. The red TiO2 obtained with homogeneous doping of boron and nitrogen shows no increase in defects like Ti3+ that are commonly observed in doped TiO2. More importantly, it has the ability to induce photocatalytic water oxidation to produce oxygen under the irradiation of visible light beyond 550 nm and also the photocatalytic reduction of water to produce hydrogen under visible light. These results demonstrate the great promise of using red TiO2 for visible‐light photocatalytic water splitting and also reveal an attractive strategy for realizing the wide‐spectrum visible‐light absorption of wide‐band‐gap oxide photocatalysts.
Fertility counseling before cancer treatment and subsequent reproductive concerns among female adolescent and young adult cancer survivors
Authors: Young Katie , Shliakhtsitsava Ksenya , Natarajan Loki , Myers Emily , Dietz Andrew C. , Gorman Jessica R. , Martínez María Elena , Whitcomb Brian W. , Su H. Irene
Published: November 2018

Background

Fertility counseling before cancer treatment has been advocated by clinical guidelines, though little is known about its long‐term impact on the unique reproductive concerns of female adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer survivors. The goal of this study was to measure the association between fertility counseling by fertility specialists before cancer treatment and subsequent reproductive concerns.

Method

A cross‐sectional analysis was performed among 747 AYA survivors aged 18‐40 years who had been recruited from cancer registries and physician and advocacy group referrals between 2015 and 2017. Participants self‐reported information on past fertility counseling at cancer diagnosis, cancer type and treatment, and current reproductive concerns, as measured using the multidimensional Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale. Multivariable log‐binomial regression models tested associations between fertility counseling and reproductive concerns.

Results

The mean age of the cohort was 33.0 years (standard deviation, 5.1 years), and the mean period since diagnosis was 7.7 years (standard deviation, 5.0 years). Seventy‐three percent of participants were white, and 24% were Hispanic. Fertility counseling was reported by 19% of survivors; moderate to high overall reproductive concerns were reported by 44% of participants. In adjusted analysis, fertility counseling was significantly associated with moderate to high reproductive concerns (risk ratio, 1.22; 95% confidence interval, 1.02‐1.45) and not modified by exposure to fertility‐threatening treatments (Pinteraction = .23).

Conclusion

A large proportion of AYA cancer survivors across cancer types and treatment exposures reported moderate to high reproductive concerns, suggesting that there is a need to address these cancer‐specific reproductive health concerns after treatment. Higher concerns, even with counseling, suggests the need to improve the quality of fertility counseling throughout the cancer continuum.
Analyzing the impact of news trends on research publications and scientific collaboration networks
Authors: J P Nivash , Babu L.D. Dhinesh
Published: November 2018

Scientific collaboration plays a vital role in generating novel ideas and innovative research progress among the researchers. Similarly, news diffusion also has an important role among the research communities. Though the collaboration networks have made an impact in scientific activities and attracted the attention of scientific communities, no work so far analyzed the cause which can determine the future research publications. The objective of this paper is to study influence of news trends on scientific collaboration and research publications. For this purpose, we have collected the top technological news trends and applied the LDA model to identify top research keywords from the articles. The results show that the news trends play a significant role on scientific collaborations and innovative research progress. It is found that the researchers identify their research gap, make future collaborations and does interdisciplinary research. Our results highlight the important role of diffusion of news, which influence the young researchers to generate novel ideas and tend to collaborate more with different scientific communities.
National population‐based data on the incidence, prevalence, and psychiatric comorbidity of eating disorders in Taiwanese adolescents and young adults
Authors: Tsai Meng‐Che , Gan Shu‐Ting , Lee Chih‐Ting , Liang Yi‐Lin , Lee Lan‐Ting , Lin Sheng‐Hsiang
Published: November 2018

Objective

Nationwide data on eating disorders (EDs) among East Asian populations are scarce. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence, incidence, and psychiatric comorbidities of EDs in Taiwan.

Method

Drawing from the National Health Research Institute database, we identified the study subjects aged 11–34 years who received an ED diagnosis during ambulatory visits or hospitalization from 2001 to 2012. We analyzed the subjects by age and gender. Diagnoses for comorbid psychiatric disorders were entered in the analysis only if they occurred within 1 year before or after the ED diagnosis date. Rates were age‐ and sex‐adjusted to the average population within the study period.

Results

The estimated mean annual incidence was approximately 11.11 (95% CI 10.51–11.72) per 100,000 residents, and the 1 year prevalence was 20.87 (95% CI 20.05–21.70) per 100,000 residents, with evidence of female predominance (female/male ratio = 10.95, 95% CI = 8.97–13.36). Incidence and prevalence peaked at ages 20–24 in females and at ages 25–29 in males. Both rates nearly doubled within a decade. Specifically, the anorexia nervosa trend recently stabilized in females and decreased in males, while that for bulimia nervosa increased in both females and males. The most common comorbid diagnoses were anxiety (53%) and major depressive disorders (22%).

Discussion

The incidence and prevalence of EDs were lower in Taiwan than in Western countries. However, these rates were rapidly rising, notably in males. The majority of Taiwanese ED patients also received a diagnosis for various psychiatric comorbidities, a finding worthy of clinical attention.
Far infrared‐assisted removal of extraction solvent for capillary electrophoretic determination of the bioactive constituents in Plumula Nelumbinis
Authors: Wan Danjing , Han Yu , Li Farui , Mao Hua , Chen Gang
Published: November 2018

Far infrared radiation was employed in the rapid removal of the solvents in the extracts of Plumula Nelumbinis and standard mixture solutions to prevent the interference of the solvent peaks toward their capillary electrophoretic measurements. The sample solutions in small vials were exposed to far infrared ray at 60°C for 3 min to remove solvent. The dried samples in the vials were each dissolved into running buffer with the aid of ultrasonication for capillary electrophoresis analysis. The far infrared‐assisted solvent removal approach was sucessfully applied in the rapid determination of neferine, liensinine, isoliensinine, rutin and hyperoside in Plumula Nelumbinis. The five analytes could be well separated within 12 min in a 40 cm long fused silica capillary at a separation voltage of 12 kV in a 50 mM borate buffer (pH 9.2). The results indicated that the interferences of the solvent peaks in the capillary electropherograms of the herbal drugs were eliminated completely.
Mechanism of energy metabolism for adapted Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans to copper resistance
Authors: Liang Guobin , Lin Wei , He Qinting , Liu Weiping , Zhou Quanfa
Published: November 2018

This article aimed to elucidate the mechanism of energy metabolism for copper resistance in adapted Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans. Initially, during batch cultivation process, ferrous oxidation (Fe2+), bacteria growth, intracellular energy charge status, polyphosphate kinase (PPK) activiy, and inorganic polyphosphate (polyP) accumulation were compared between adapted and unadapted strains. Then, in the presence of copper stress, the dynamic changes of polyP levels and exopolyphosphatase (PPX) activity were investigated. Furthermore, accumulation of copper ions inside the cell was determined. Results showed that medium Fe2+ was exhausted at 72 h and 96 h in batch culture adapted and unadapted A. ferrooxidans and a relatively higher total protein level, energy charge, PPK activiy, and polyP content was observed in adapted strain. As subjected to 50 mmol/L copper ion stress, intracellular polyP decreased to the lowest level at 8 h and 14 h after shift‐time and corresponding PPK activiy increased to 443 and 276 U/mg protein, respectivly, in adapted and unadapted A. ferrooxidans, indicating much energy was released from polyP degradation. As a result, intracellular copper ion was kept at a very lowered level in adatped strain. It was suggested that an efficeint energy supply system existed that contributes to transporting intracelualr copper ion out of cell during active process in adapted A. ferrooxidans. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13054, 2019
Rigorous silica solubility estimation in superheated steam: Smart modeling and comparative study
Authors: Rostami Alireza , Shokrollahi Amin , Esmaeili‐Jaghdan Zohre , Ghazanfari Mohammad Hossein
Published: November 2018

One of the main issues of wastewater treatment is the silica deposition in steam turbines. Evaporation of silica with the steam in adequate concentration is one of the main sources of scale formation in steam turbines. In this study, the authors introduce the utilization of a genetic‐based approach—gene expression programming (GEP)—for solubility prognostication of the silica in superheated steam of boilers with respect to water silica content and pressure. The result of GEP mathematical approach is a new algebraic formula to achieve our goals. Developed model predicts the silica solubility in the range of 0.8–22.1 MPa and 1–500 mg/kg for pressure and boiler water silica content, respectively. The results show that the constructed model outperforms pre‐existing method and provides acceptable predictions with average absolute relative deviation (AARD%) of 9.46% and determination coefficient (R2) of 0.98. Outcomes of the performed sensitivity analysis reveal that the effect of pressure is more pronounced than the impact of the boiler water silica content on the estimation of the silica solubility. Moreover, an outlier analysis based on Leverage approach was performed confirming the validity of the used database in this study. Finally, it can be concluded that the recommended tool in this study can be a suitable candidate for prognosticating the silica scaling in industries dealing with steam. © 2018 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 38:e13089, 2019