bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FIRST RECORDS OF AZALEA SAWFLY NEMATUS LIPOVSKY SMITH, 1974 (HYMENOPTERA: TENTHREDINIDAE) IN LATVIA
Authors: Apine Inga , Piterāns Uģis
Published: September 2021

Invasive non-native insect species are well-known threat to both local and introduced plant species in Europe. With increasing global trade and effects of climate change it is expected these alien species will continue to expand their distribution areas. One such non-native species is azalea sawfly Nematus lipovskyi Smith, 1974 (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) that feeds on deciduous Rhododendron spp. This species is known to occur in the USA and was found in the Czech Republic for the first time in Europe in 2010. We report the first findings of this species in Latvia that were made based of field observations in the period of 2018-2020. The current known status of the species in Latvia is presented. Our observations of damage caused by sawfly larvae are summarized. Host plants used by sawfly larvae are listed – we note Rhododendron albrechtii as a host plant of this species for the first time. The possible pathways of its introduction and the overall importance of our findings in context with other non-native species expansions are briefly discussed.
IMPACT OF MONTANE ENVIRONMENTAL LOADS ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY OF THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Touafchia Boutheyna , Malika Rached-Kanouni , Zahia Kadi
Published: September 2021

Environmental burdens are currently a significant determinant ofenvironmental quality. The occurrence of montane environmental burdens affects the environmental quality at the local, regional and supraregional levels, mostly to a negative extent. Environmental pollution, due to montane environmental burdens is accompanied by a reduction in environmental quality in all spheres of anthropogenic existence. It is for this reason that the presented article studies the occurrence of montane environmental burdens and their impact on environmental quality in individual regions of the Slovak Republic. In the analyses Analytic Hierarchy Process a multi-criteria decision-making method based on values of the weights in terms of the principles of the Saaty matrix – a quantification of synergistic interactions of indicators. The study concentrates on selected comparative years 2008, 2012, 2017 and 2021 and includes a matrix of their elimination. The results present a categorization of montane environmental loads in the Slovak Republic into categories of the environmental load (from very low to very high) on the environmental quality. In the summary matrix of a comprehensive assessment of montane environmental loads, negative indicators (55.65%) prevails over positive ones (44.35%) with a total scoring ratio of 0.80, i.e. III. category, the average impact on environmental quality.
MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RECYCLING OF INDIUM-CONTAINING WASTES
Authors: Piotrowicz Andrzej , Pietrzyk Stanisław
Published: September 2021

The aim of article is to present the types of indium wastes, including WEEE and by-products resulting from manufacturing. The authors decided to collect information about the chemical composition of wastes containing indium in one place. Methods and processes of recycling indium from WEEE and by-products are also presented.
POSSIBILITIES OF MUNICIPAL WASTE RECOVERY IN GEOPOLYMERS: A STUDY
Authors: Kaščák Patrik , Knapčíková Lucia
Published: September 2021

Growth in the production of industrial, agricultural and municipal waste is among growing global problems and it has recently reached very worrying levels. Solid waste arising from human activities significantly contributes to environmental pollution. The effort of the whole society is therefore its ecological, energy and economic recovery Hence, one of the possible uses is the incorporation of solid waste into geopolymer composites which are considered to be green material when compared to conventional Portland concrete. Geopolymers are nowadays referred to as green materials of the future and they consist of aluminosilicates activated by alkaline elements. Municipal solid waste can be used as an aggregate, precursor, filler, reinforcement which can have a positive impact on mechanical, physical or chemical properties of geopolymers. Geopolymer composites containing municipal waste have potential of application in the areas of concrete, noise and refractory materials, catalyst, adsorbent and many others. The present paper is an overview of scientific studies and research focused on the recycling and recovery of solid municipal waste in geopolymer composites together with the impact on the change of properties and their possible use.
RECOVERY OF NEPHELINE FROM APATITE FLOTATION TAILINGS OF APATITE-NEPHELINE COMPLEX MINERAL COMPOSED ORES
Authors: Artemev Alexandr , Veselova Elena , Nikitina Irina , Viktorovna Galina
Published: September 2021

"The recovery of all possible useful components from ores corresponds to modern approach to the mineral raw materials processing and provides a reduction in the amount of waste sent to tailings dumps. The increasing complexity of the mineral composition of the ore leads to the fact that the existing beneficiation methods and regimes do not provide the necessary quality of the obtained concentrates. This study shows the peculiarities of nepheline recovery from apatite flotation tailings of apatite-nepheline ores with low nepheline fraction. Two reagent regimes were tested for nepheline reverse flotation: a mixture of pine and foliate tall oil, a mixture of tall oil and polyalkylbenzene sulfonic acid, which previously showed high selectivity of separation of nepheline and dark-coloured minerals. On the studied apatite-nepheline ore samples the necessary selection of flotation separation was not observed. Mineralogical analysis shows that losses of nepheline with froth products occur both at the expense of nepheline in intergrowths with associated minerals and at the expense of liberated minerals. Nepheline is quite actively floated, which is associated with a change in the surface properties of the mineral. The quality of flotation nepheline concentrates is reduced due to liberated grains of amphiboles, pyroxenes, and mica. The high content of feldspar in the ore, which during flotation predominantly remains in the chamber product, also affects the quality of the nepheline concentrate. It was possible to increase the Al2O3 content in the concentrate to the required values only after magnetic separation in a strong field."
WILDFIRES FORECAST PERFORMANCE IN ALBANIA DURING SUMMER 2020
Authors: Jaupaj Orjeta Elbasani , Zaimi Klodian
Published: September 2021

"The Wildfire Risk Forecast (WRF) remains a daily procedure conducted by the National Centre for Forecast and Monitoring of Natural Hazards (NCFMNH), which is part of the Institute of Geosciences, Energy, Water and Environment (IGEWE) of Albania. WRF is generated on daily basis, by the country’s administrative unit (prefecture) and disseminated to the General Directorate of Civil Emergencies (GDCE) in order to help better coordinate fire-fighting activities. This study investigates the accuracy of the Wildfire Risk Forecasts during the 2020 summer season by analysing fire occurrences over each prefecture of Albania for two components of wildfire forecast Performance, i.e., The Prefecture Hit Probability (PHP) and the Average Fires per Hit (AFH). The study has revealed a “VERY GOOD” Performance for the “High Risk Level” forecast alerts, “GOOD” Performance for the “Moderate Risk Level” and “Low Risk Level” forecast alerts, and VERY GOOD” Performance for the “No Risk Level”"
DETERMINATION OF THE VOLUME OF THE TANK OF RAILWAY WAGON WITH RIBBING
Authors: Krenicky Tibor , Straka Luboslav
Published: September 2021

This article is aimed at comparing the effectiveness of testing the dimensional parameters of a tank wagon with an internal ribbing with a nominal volume of 85 m3 in a production plant. One of the used methods is the traditional volumetric method, ie measuring the volume of water with a pair of flowmeters when filling the vessel. The second method is a method of computer processing of data obtained by 3d scanning of the interior of the tank from several positions and the subsequent composition of the tank model and calculation of its volume using the PolyWorks program. Evaluation of both measurement methods revealed that despite the non-trivial internal division of the measured object, both methods are sufficiently accurate, and even in this case the scanning method provides the measurement result several times faster compared to the volumetric method. In the reported example, measurement time spent to achieve results for the scanning method was approximately one third comparing with that of the water filling.
Soil and grapevine leaf quality in organic vineyards of different ages in DO Rioja-Alavesa, northern Spain
Authors: Úbeda Xavier , Francos Marcos , Eguzkiza Pablo , Stefanuto Estevao B.
Published: September 2021

The soil from three organically cultivated plots in Rioja Alavesa vineyards, specifically in Lanciego (Álava, Spain), and the foliage of their vines were analyzed. The aim of this study was to determine differences in soil and grapevine quality between different aged vineyards. The first 20 centimeters of the soil were sampled and leaves were collected during the growing season. The results show that the quality of the soil in the three plots was optimal and did not differ from reported values of soils from traditionally cultivated plots. The only element found at a lower concentration in the three plots and the leaves was iron. Organic cultivation of vineyards is a viable mode of cultivation and could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions and contamination by pesticides and fertilizers.
Relación entre la personalidad Grit y la experiencia en campeonatos de taekwondistas estadounidenses
Authors: Laurin Lynda L. , Saéz Abello Guillermo A. , Ariza Viviescas Andrés M.
Published: September 2021

Diversas investigaciones han incurrido en la importancia del rasgo de la personalidad en el éxito deportivo. El objetivo busca determinar la correlación existente entre la personalidad Grit y la experiencia en campeonatos en taekwondistas juveniles estadounidenses. Para ello, se determinó el carácter cuantitativo y de alcance descriptivo-correlacional, realizado en la muestra (N=121) taekwondistas hombres y mujeres de la categoría juvenil. La personalidad Grit fue evaluada mediante la escala de Grit y la experiencia en campeonatos se determinó por el número de eventos deportivos en que participaron los atletas. Los resultados mostraron que el promedio de la personalidad Grit fue 3.96 (±0.51) en hombres, y de 3.89 (±0.39) en mujeres, y de la experiencia de campeonatos 14.71 (±8.65) y 13.03 (±5.88) respectivamente. Se determinó una relación no significativa, positiva y directamente proporcional entre las dos variables fundamentales de este estudio, además se identificó que los hombres obtuvieron mayor puntuación en la personalidad Grit frente a las mujeres. Aunque los resultados no son significativos se sugiere que una mayor determinación del atleta puede verse influenciada por una mayor experiencia competitiva, lo que indica que entre más campeonatos participe el atleta tendrá una mayor puntuación en la escala Grit.
TINJAUAN FIQH MUAMALAH TERHADAP PRAKTIK JUALBELI TELUR TUNTONG LAUT (BATAGUR BORNEONENSIS)
Authors: MAYDA MAYDA , AZ NAIRAZI , MUFIDA LAILA
Published: September 2021

The sale and purchase of Tuntong Laut eggs that occurred in Pusung Kapal Village, Kec. Seruway is done for the use of ingredients for making srikaya jam. This sale and purchase is a violation of laws that have been set by the government and can cause damage to nature and is contrary to the principles of muamalah. The title of this research is “Review of Muamalah Fiqh Against the Practice of Selling and Buying Sea Tuntong Eggs (Batagur Borneonsis) in Pusung Kapal Village, Kec. Seruway” With the formulation of the problem is (1). How is the practice of buying and selling Tuntong Laut (Batagur borneoensis) eggs in Pusung Kapal Village, Kec. Seruway? (2) How is the Fiqh Muamalah review of the practice of buying and selling eggs of Sea Tuntung (Batagur Borneoensis) case study in Pusung Kapal Village, Kec. Seruway? Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that (1) The practice of buying and selling Tuntong Laut eggs is prohibited according to Fiqh Muamalah because the Rukuns and conditions of sale and purchase are not fulfilled, such as: the goods are not owned by themselves, but belong to the state whose species are protected. immediately when Ijab and Qabul or the goods are not in hand, and do not meet Sharia principles, such as bringing harm, destroying the ecosystem of protected animals and containing elements of gharar. (2) Buying and selling of Tuntong Laut eggs in Pusung Kapal Village, Kec. Seruway That there is a practice of buying and selling rare animals, in which the sale and purchase is not accompanied by a permit from the competent authority.
JUAL BELI KEPITING DITINJAU DARI SAD ADZ DZARIAH DAN PERATURAN MENTERI KELAUTAN DAN PERIKANAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 12 TAHUN 2020
Authors: MUSTAFA MUSTAFA , ANIZAR ANIZAR , BIN MUHAMMADDIAH MUHAMMAD RUSYDI
Published: September 2021

In the practice of buying and selling crabs in the village of Meunasah Paya, the fishermen sell all the crabs they catch without sorting them out, whether they are small, large, laying eggs or not, and this is not in accordance with Permen KP number 12 of 2020 which only allows crabs above. 150 grams and crabs that are not in egg-laying condition. The formulation of the research problem is how the practice of buying and selling crabs in Meunasah Paya village, Manyak Payed district, Aceh Tamiang district and how is Sad Adz Dzariah's review and Regulation of the Minister of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2020 on the practice of buying and selling crabs in Meunasah Paya village, Manyak Payed district, Aceh district Tamiang. The purpose of the study was to find out the practice of buying and selling crabs in Meunasah Paya village as well as a review of Sad Adz Dzariah and KP Ministerial Regulation number 12 of 2020 on the practice of buying and selling crabs in Meunasah Paya village, Manyak Payed district, Aceh Tamiang district. This research includes field research (Field Research) with qualitative descriptive analysis method. The results of the study concluded that in Meunasah Paya village, crab fishermen sell all the crabs they catch to collectors without looking at the standardization of Ministerial Regulation No. 12 of 2020 which has been determined whether large or small crabs, laying eggs or not, will still be sold to collectors. According to sad adz dzariah, the law of buying and selling crabs in Meunasah Paya village is divided into two, namely some are prohibited because they are not in accordance with the candy and this will damage the crab population in nature and some are not prohibited. Meanwhile, according to Permen KP Number 12 of 2020, the sale and purchase of crabs in the village of Meunasah Paya is also divided into two, namely, some are appropriate and some are not.
Uso di sostanze psicoattive tra gli studenti di medicina dell'Università Federale di Amapá nel 2018
Authors: Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Facco Lucas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Melo Felipe Rodrigues Martins de , Azevedo Eduardo José Lobato de , Rizzi Ana Carolina Miranda , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Silva Anderson Walter Costa , Silva Alceu dos Santos , Cardoso Rosilene Ferreira , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça
Published: September 2021

Le sostanze psicoattive, chiamate anche sostanze psicotrope, sono prodotti che hanno la capacità di promuovere stimoli o cambiamenti sensoriali, influenzando le emozioni e il livello di coscienza di chi le usa. Lo scopo di questo studio era quello di analizzare l’uso di sostanze psicoattive tra gli studenti di medicina dell’Università Federale di Amapá (UNIFAP) nel 2018. È stato condotto uno studio trasversale quantitativo e qualitativo, che ha utilizzato un campione di convenienza non probabilistica degli studenti universitari. In questa università, tra gli studenti di medicina, è stato notato che l’uso di farmaci psicotropi si verifica principalmente a causa dell’uso di alcol e analgesici. Nel contesto medico, a causa dell’accesso facilitato ai farmaci soggetti a prescrizione medica, il loro uso è molto più ampio in questo pubblico di professionisti e accademici, e l’uso di tali sostanze è talvolta nascosto e c’è una difficoltà a parlare e cercare aiuto.
Exterior features of different Holstein cows’ genotypes
Authors: Gubarenko N. Yu.
Published: September 2021

This study presents the results of the relationship of various polymorphic variants of the GH and PIT-1 gene with the exterior in highly productive Holstein cows. Experimental animals were divided into groups depending on the combination of different allele forms of GH and PIT-1 genes. PCR method was used to determine the polymorphism of marker genes. Isolation of genomic DNA was performed using resin «Chelex-100». The reaction was carried out in a thermal cycler «Tertsyk» made by «DNA technology». The research was carried out in the Private Joint Stock Company «Agro-Soiuz» Dnipropetrovsk region. The total set sample was 48 half-sibling cows, which were the daughters of the Holstein bull Kashemir 131671771. All animals were even-aged analogues. DNA samples isolated from the peripheral blood of the experimental animals were examined. Restrictase AluI was used for the GH gene restriction. After restriction, 171 bp and 52 bp long fragments were detected in representatives of the LL genotype, and a non-restriction fragment with a length of 223 bp was found in carriers of the VV genotype. Restriction of the amplified fragment of RIT-1 gene was performed using restriction endonuclease HinfI. Fragments 660 bp, 425 bp, and 270 bp long, after processing the PCR products with HinfI restriction endonuclease, corresponded to the A allele; fragments 660 bp, 385 bp, and 270 bp long indicated the B allele. Restriction products were separated by electrophoretic method in 2% agarose gel in Tris Borate EDTA. Measurements and exterior indices studies were performed during the 2nd-3d months of the second lactation. It was found that cows of the LL / AB genotype complex compared with their peers of LV/BB and LL/BB genotypes were higher at the withers and sacrum by 3.1 and 2.9 cm, respectively (2.1 and 1.9%; at P > 0, 99). It was determined that the skin in the middle of the last rib of the LL / AB genotype cows compared to peers of LV/BB genotype was thinner by 0.5 mm (9.6%) at P > 0.95. Other measurements of the exterior in the investigated groups of animals differed little. Peers of LL/BB genotype took an intermediate position in these traits. The strength of the complex genotype influence on the features of the exterior was in the range from 2.7 to 12.6%. Holstein cows of the LL/AB genotype had a significant difference in the mass index by 3.3% at P > 0.95, as well as a slightly larger body volume by 28 134.9 cm3 (3.4%), a lower body density index by 0.037 g/cm3 (4.7%) compared with peers of the LV/BB genotype. It is proposed to select animals with the following LL/AB and LL/BB alleles in the complex genotype in order to obtain cows with a better exterior features.
Therapeutic efficacy of Akarostop for dogs and cats against acariform mite
Authors: Sapko S. A.
Published: September 2021

This article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the preparation, namely Akarostop, with the active substance amitraz and the excipient dimethyl sulfoxide. The research was conducted with the involvement of pets kept in the private sector and housing (dogs and cats). All research results were controlled by observation of the clinical condition of animals and microscopy of scrapings from the affected areas of the skin and ears. The presence of live mites was determined by lightly warming up the slide. The effectiveness of the drug against sarcoptic mange was established in the treatment of 13 dogs, which were treated once a day with a 3 days interval. Clinical signs of the disease began to resolve in 5–9 days after the first application of the drug, which was manifested by the disappearance of hyperemia, a decrease in exudation, and crusting. The efficiency after two treatments was 40%. On the 21st day before applying the drug, single inactive ticks were found in 5 out of 13 animals in their skin scrapes. The efficacy of the drug against Notoedres in cats was determined, which were treated once a day with a 3 days interval. After 8 days of the treatment in cats' skin scrapings, dead mites and single live ones were found, and on the 13th day crusts dried out, fell away, skin became pale pink and dry. The recovery of animals was observed gradually: on the 13th day it amounted to 33%, on the 17th day – 55%, and residually on the 21st day. Thus, the 100% therapeutic efficacy of the drug Acarostop has been established for the five-time treatment of cats against Notoedres. The efficacy of the preparation for otodectosis of dogs and cats was determined by applying 2–3 drops of the drug into the cleaned ear. Clinical signs of the disease 3–4 days after the first application of the drug began to disappear, which was manifested by the disappearance of hyperemia, a decrease in exudation, falling off crusts, and the absence of itching. On days 5 to 9 from the beginning of treatment all animals recovered, which was confirmed by clinical and laboratory tests. After the tests, the animals continued to be observed and no relapses were found within 4 weeks. In the future, we plan to conduct research on an acaricidal preparation with an improved composition and effect, namely, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory and regenerating effect.
Experimental modeling of bacterial keratitis and uveitis
Authors: Shupyk O. V. , Mazurkevich A. Y. , Bokotko R. R.
Published: September 2021

When developing new protocols and methods for treating eye diseases, there is a need to set up an experiment with modeling a particular pathology in vivo. Currently, there are several methods for modelling keratitis and uveitis, however, their effectiveness remains unclear. In our research, under the experimental conditions on laboratory animals (rabbits), were applied three action methods of pathological factors causing inflammation and morphofunctional changes in eye tissues. The first method included the effect of ultraviolet exposure for 3 min using a DRT-240 mercury lamp, followed by infecting damaged corneal surface with the pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus strain 1×105 CFU/ml. The second method consisted of the introduction of the S. aureus pathogenic strain by injection of 1×105 CFU/ml into the anterior chamber of the eye. The third method is the application of filter paper 5 mm in diameter and soaked in 1% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution for 30 s on the surface of the eye cornea. In order to compare the degree of damage to the eye tissues after using various pathological factors, intravital diagnostic methods were used, in particular, the Shimmer test, the Seidel fluorescence test, non-contact face-to-face tonometry, biomicroscopy in focal light, ultrasound eye diagnostics, photo fixation. On the 7th day of the experiment, the animals were taken out of the experiment and histological studies of the enucleated eyeballs were carried out. It was found that all the factors that were used cause pathological processes, expressed to varying degrees. According to a complex of clinical and histological studies, it was found that the first method turned out to be the most effective, since the exposure of ultraviolet long-wave UVA rays caused a burn, and the next infecting with a pathogenic strain of S. aureus caused the development of total keratitis and uveitis. When a bacterial pathogen was injected into the anterior chamber of the eye, acute inflammation occurred inside the chamber, filling it with purulent exudate and melting the surrounding tissues, but did not cause keratitis on the cornea outer surface. In the group where chemical burns were used, according to the sum of the evaluation criteria and other studies, keratitis was found, but the eye barrier systems prevented the occurrence of uveitis.
Dynamics of lymph nodes weight characteristics in cattle during the prenatal period of their ontogenesis
Authors: Lieshchova M. A. , Oliyar A. V. , Bilyi D. D. , Skliarov P. M. , Masiuk D. M. , Logvinova V. V. , Bohomaz A. A.
Published: September 2021

In lymph nodes, as peripheral organs of the immune system, the patterns of their growth and development are unique in many ways, especially during the prenatal period of ontogenesis. The changes in the absolute and relative mass of lymph nodes in 66 bovine fetuses of different gestational ages (2–9 months) were studied. The weight of the fetuses and organs was determined with an accuracy of 0.001 g. According to the indicators of weight, body length, and the degree of development of the fetal skin derivatives, their age was established. It was found that in the first third of the fetal period of ontogenesis, the dynamics of the lymph nodes’ absolute mass was characterized by a moderate increase, which occurred simultaneously with an increase in the weight of the fetus itself. The relative weight at the beginning of the fetal period changed unevenly: it decreased in the superficial cervical and mandibular and increased in the popliteal and caudal mediastinal lymph nodes. In the second third of the fetal period, both the absolute and the relative weight of the examined organs increased dramatically (with the maximum at 7 months-old age). During the last third of the fetal period, a gradual increase in the absolute mass of all lymph nodes was found, and their relative mass, on the contrary, decreased moderately. In the second and last third of prenatal development, there was no direct relationship between the growth of the lymph nodes mass and the fetal total mass.
Slaughter animals’ meat identification according to suitability for consumption using developed methods
Authors: Bogatko N. M. , Mazur T. G. , Bogatko А. F.
Published: September 2021

It is recommended for state veterinary inspectors simple, improved and new methods for identifying meat of slaughter animals according to suitability for consumption and compliance with its shelf life due to the detection of the peroxidase enzyme in the filtered meat-water extract; the use of an improved formol reaction at the facilities for meat production and turnover as a result of the substitution of suitable meat for human consumption with meat from sick animals, having reliability in tests of 99.8% and 96.4%, respectively. And also a new method of bacterioscopic assessment of the degree of bacterial contamination of the meat from slaughter animals by staining smears-prints according to Gram in Hooker’s modification was developed and recommended to establish the degree of freshness, which has a reliability of 99.5%. It was found that the largest percentage of meat was obtained from healthy animals with an improved method for detecting the peroxidase enzyme at meat production facilities − from 60.00 to 89.58%, at wholesale depots − from 61.54 to 81.82%; when sold in supermarkets − from 56.52 to 90.48%; in agriood markets − from 69.70 to 78.26%. However, the percentage of meat obtained from suspiciously sick animals at its production facilities ranged from 9.52 to 30.00%, at wholesale depots − from 13.63 to 26.92%; when sold in supermarkets − from 9.52 to 27.27%, in agrifood markets − from 8.70 to 21.21%; and meat obtained from sick animals, respectively, at production facilities and wholesale depots − from 4.76 to 10.00% and from 4.55 to 11.54%; in supermarkets and agrifood markets, respectively − from 4.76 to 17.39% and from 9.09 to 13.04%. It was found that the largest percentage of meat was obtained from healthy animals with an improved formol reaction method at meat production facilities − from 72.73 to 93.18%, at wholesale depots for storage − from 69.56 to 77.78%, when sold in supermarkets − from 67.39 to 78.26%, and in agrifood markets − from 75.00 to 78.57%. Although, the percentage of meat obtained from suspiciously sick animals at the facilities for its production ranged from 6.82 to 18.18%, at wholesale depots − from 16.67 to 26.09%; when sold in supermarkets ranged from 13.04 to 23.91%; in agrifood markets − from 15.28 to 20.00%; and meat obtained from seriously ill animals at at meat production facilities and wholesale depots, respectively, from 3.23 to 9.09% and from 4.35 to 8.33%; in supermarkets and agrifood markets, respectively − from 6.98 to 8.70% and from 4.76 to 7.69%.
Commuter Care Management and Sustainability of Road Transport Firms
Authors: A. A. Usoro , O. M. Dadiowei , I. U. Etuk , B. B. Esu , C. E. Ogbang , A. A. Ele
Published: September 2021

To be a going concern, road transportation firms like other organizations have to go beyond the usual goal of just making a profit to always keeping their commuters satisfied with the nature of services rendered to them. This study examined commuter care management and the sustainability of road transport firms in the South-South region, Nigeria. The study sought to investigate two dimensions of commuter care specifically waiting for time and employees’ attitude and the influence of these on commuter referrals and retention respectively. A Cross-sectional survey was carried out where data were collected using a structured questionnaire. A sample size of three was used for the transportation companies while a sample size of 329 was used for the commuters. The simple linear regression statistical tool was used in analyzing the data through the aid of the E-View 19 statistical package. Findings from the study revealed that there exists a significant positive influence of waiting time on commuter referrals and of employee attitude on commuter referrals. It was therefore recommended that management of road transport firms should ensure that commuters do not wait for too long before the take-off time, they should make sure vehicles are serviced, fuelled and take off as at when scheduled; employees should also be constantly trained to ensure their attitude to commuters are appropriate.
Formic acid pulping process of rice straw for manufacturing of cellulosic fibers with silica
Authors: SINHA AKHOURI SANJAY KUMAR
Published: September 2021

Emerging technology has the potential to develop entirely new approaches for producing cellulose fiber-based materials along with fuels and chemical raw materials like lignin and furfural. Rice straw is a rich source of cellulosic fibers and inorganic micronic-sized particles termed as ash. They can prove helpful in development of new or enhanced agricultural residue-based materials and products that offer cost effective substitutes for nonrenewable materials used in different domestic and industrial applications. Lignocellulose is an abundant material that is submicronic at the basic level. Rice straw is a fibrous lignocellulosic material obtained as agricultural residue, but it differs from most crop residues in its high content of silicon dioxide (SiO2). Ash content on a dry weight basis ranges from 13% to 20%, varying according to the state of conservation of the straw after harvest. The ash in rice straw has nearly 75% SiO2. The particle size analysis shows variation from few microns to hundreds of microns for inorganic residues left after burning at high temperatures above 550°C. Proximate analysis of rice straw shows that it contains 54% to 56% holocellulose and 15% to 18% lignin, both of which are natural biopolymers. The compound analysis shows the different compounds present in rice straw ash. Rice straw is available in hundreds of million tons in India and other Asian countries, so suitable technologies are required to convert rice straw from a biomass waste to useful bioproducts like pulp, paper, and paperboard. This research paper is intended to obtain pulp with fibers having inherent silica present in it to give high opacity paper and better bonding between fibers.
Technological evaluation of Pinus maximinoi wood for industrial use in kraft pulp production
Authors: COELHO MARINA ULIAN , DA SILVA, JR. FRANCIDES GOMES , MILAGRES FLAVIANA REIS , SOMMER SILVANA MEISTER , DO AMARAL CARLOS AUGUSTO SOARES , BIERNASKI FABRÍCIO ANTÔNIO
Published: September 2021

This study characterized Pinus maximinoi wood and evaluated its performance for pulp production. Samples of Pinus taeda wood were used as reference material. For both species, wood chips from 14-year-old trees were used for the technological characterization, pulping, bleaching process analysis, and pulp properties. A modified kraft pulping process was carried out targeting kappa number 28±5% on brownstock pulp. The bleaching sequence was applied for bleached pulp with final brightness of 87±1 % ISO. Refinability and resistance properties were measured in the bleached pulps. Compared to P. taeda wood, P. maximinoi showed slightly higher basic density (0.399 g/cm³) and higher holocellulose (64.5%), lignin (31.1%), and extractives content (4.5%), along with lower ash content (0.16%). P. maximinoi tracheids showed greater wall thickness (6.4 µm) when compared to P. taeda tracheids. For the same kappa number, P. maximinoi and P. taeda resulted in similar screened yield, with an advantage observed for P. maximinoi, which resulted in lower specific wood consumption (5.281 m³/o.d. metric ton), and lower black liquor solids (1.613 metric tons/o.d. metric ton). After oxygen delignification, P. maximinoi pulp showed higher efficiency on kappa reduction (67.2%) and similar bleaching chemical demand as P. taeda pulp. Compared to P. taeda pulps, the refined P. maximinoi pulps had similar results and the bulk property was 10% higher. Results showed that P. maximinoi is an interesting alternative raw material for softwood pulp production in Brazil.
Can carbon capture be a new revenue opportunity for the pulp and paper sector?
Authors: KUPARINEN KATJA , LIPIÄINEN SATU , VAKKILAINEN ESA
Published: September 2021

Transition towards carbon neutrality will require application of negative carbon emission technologies (NETs). This creates a new opportunity for the industry in the near future. The pulp and paper industry already utilizes vast amounts of biomass and produces large amounts of biogenic carbon dioxide. The industry is well poised for the use of bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), which is considered as one of the key NETs. If the captured carbon dioxide can be used to manufacture green fuels to replace fossil ones, then this will generate a huge additional market where pulp and paper mills are on the front line.
The objective of this study is to evaluate future trends and policies affecting the pulp and paper industry and to describe how a carbon neutral or carbon negative pulp and paper production process can be viable. Such policies include, as examples, price of carbon dioxide allowances or support for green fuel production and BECCS implementation. It is known that profitability differs depending on mill type, performance, energy efficiency, or carbon dioxide intensity. The results give fresh understanding on the potential for investing in negative emission technologies. Carbon capture or green fuel production can be economical with an emission trade system, depending on electricity price, green fuel price, negative emission credit, and a mill’s emission profile. However, feasibility does not seem to evidently correlate with the performance, technical age, or the measured efficiency of the mill.
Efektifitas aromaterapi peppermint terhadap mual muntah pada pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi
Authors: Ayubbana Sapti , Hasanah Uswatun
Published: September 2021

The effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapyBackground: Breast cancer is a type of cancer and is one cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy is the use of chemical agents to control and destroy cancerous cells. Chemotherapy can induce nausea and vomiting, resulting in discomfort. One intervention that makes patients feel comfortable is giving peppermint aromatherapy.Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of peppermint aromatherapy on nausea and vomiting among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Method: A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest group design, with a purposive sampling method of collecting samples. The study sample was 34 breast cancer patients who underwent chemotherapy. The sample divided into 2 groups as intervention & control groups. Measurement of nausea and vomiting used the Rhodes Index Nausea Vomiting & Retching (INVR) instrument.Results: Finding by the Man Whitney test, it showed that there was a difference in the scores for nausea and vomiting between the intervention group and the control group (p value = 0.008).Conclusion: Peppermint aromatherapy is effective in reducing nausea and vomiting among breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.Keywords: Breast cancer; Chemotherapy, Nausea; Vomiting; Peppermint aromatherapyPendahuluan: Kanker  payudara  merupakan salah satu  jenis kanker dan menjadi salah satu penyebab kematian di dunia.  Kemoterapi merupakan penggunaan agen kimiawi untuk mengontrol dan  menghancurkan sel yang bersifat kanker.Kemoterapi dapat menginduksi mual dan muntah mengakibatkan ketidaknyamanan. Salah satu intervensi yang membuat pasien merasa nyaman adalah dengan pemberian aromaterapi pepermint.Tujuan: Mengetahui efektifitas aromaterapi pepermint terhadap mual muntah pada pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi.Metode : Penelitian quasi experimental pretest-posttest group design, dengan metode pengumpulan sampel secara purposive sampling. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 34 pasien kanker payudara yang menjalani kemoterapi. Sampel terbagi atas dua kelompok; intervensi & kontrol. Pengukuran mual muntah menggunakan instrumen Rhodes Index Nausea Vomiting & Retching ( INVR).Hasil :  Dengan menggunakan man whitney test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan skor mual muntah antara kelompok intervensi dengan kelompok kontrol  (p value = 0,008).Simpulan: Aromaterapi peppermint efektif menurunkan mual muntah pada pasien kanker kayudara yang menjalani kemoterapi.
“YOUNG NOISE RESEARCHERS”: AN INTERVENTION TO PROMOTE NOISE AWARENESS IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: Christidou Vasilia , Dimitriou Anastasia , Barkas Nikos , Papadopoulou Maria , Grammenos Stergios
Published: September 2021

While little is known about how young children understand noise and its environmental aspects, this topic is suggested to be included in science curricula from early years on. To investigate if and to what extent preschool children’s level of noise awareness could be improved the ‘Young Noise Researchers’ educational scenario was designed, implemented and evaluated. Research design involved a pretest-posttest procedure. Participants were 52 Greek preschool children, who attended public kindergarten classes. The scenario involved 9 activities following the principles of context-based, socio-cognitive and multimodal teaching and learning, which were implemented by the teachers of the classes in a 4-week period. Prior to and after the intervention participants engaged in individual, semi-structured interviews. The results indicated improvement in children’s noise awareness in regard to acknowledging everyday noises, understanding annoyance and subjectivity of noise, adopting negative attitudes towards noise and acknowledging its health effects. Nevertheless, their noise awareness did not significantly improve in other crucial respects. Implications for teaching involve a more systematic focus on the distinction between sound and noise, noise subjectivity, the annoyance caused by noise in daily life and the possibility of more active and preventive protection measures.
Key words: early childhood education, pupils’ noise awareness, science education.
Teaching Performance of Lecturers during Pandemic Based on Knowledge and Expertise in Salatiga
Authors: Hardi Utomo  , Meida Rachmawati
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced teaching and learning activities to be carried out from the homes of students online (on-line) from basic education to tertiary institutions. In a pandemic where learning activities are carried out without face-to-face, namely fully online, lecturers must also have an obligation to adapt. For this reason, the teaching performance of lecturers during the pandemic needs to be seen in order to see how well the lecturers' performance in the field of teaching during the pandemic is. With this pandemic period, it will also be a knowledge gap to see the readiness of lecturers in adapting to the changes that occur. Based on this, this study will look at how the performance of lecturers in the field of teaching in the city of Salatiga during the pandemic. The sources of data in this study are lecturers in the city of Salatiga. The research was carried out using descriptive analysis method while data collection was carried out using a survey method by distributing questionnaires. This questionnaire uses a Likert scale to measure the perceptions of the lecturers. Based on the research that has been done, the teaching performance of lecturers during the pandemic is at a good level or ready for teaching planning and evaluation. This means that in the opinion of the respondents they have performed well in these two areas so that they are ready to plan and evaluate online teaching during the pandemic.
PENGARUH BAHAN ASAL STEK DAN MEDIA TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth)
Authors: Simatupang River Wedilen Bona , Aji Irwan Mahakam Lesmono , Rini Dwi Sukma
Published: September 2021

Patchouli plant (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) is one of the essential oil producing plants that is useful in the fields of pharmaceutical, cosmetics and perfume as a mixture or fixation (binding of fragrances). The success rate of patchouli early growth, is largely determined by the cultivation techniques used, one of which includes vegetative cultivation of various selected stem cutting, and planting media. This study aims to determine the effect of material from cuttings and planting media on the growth of patchouli plants. The research was conducted at the Greenhouse of the University of Mataram Forestry Study Program, using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (FCRD). The first factor is various stem cutting with three levels, namely tip stem cuttings, middle stem cuttings and base stem cuttings and the second factor is planting media with four levels, namely forest soil media, soil:cocopeat (1:1), soil:cocopeat (1:2) and soil:cocopeat (2:1). The results showed that the effect of material from stem significantly affected the percentage of life, number of shoots, number of leaves, shoot length. For the planting media, it had a significant effect on the length of the shoot, shoot diameter, leaf area, dry trimming weight. The interaction effect of various stem cutting and plan media did not have a significant effect on the growth parameters of patchouli. The treatment of material from cuttings in patchouli plants had the best growth effect on the treatment of S2 (middle stem cuttings) and the treatment of planting media had the best growth effect on the M0 (soil media) treatment.
ORGANIC FERTILIZATIONTO INCREASE YIELD OF SOYBEAN VAR. ANJASMORO INTERCROPPED WITH VARIOUS VARIETIES OF RED RICE UNDER AEROBIC IRRIGATION SYSTEM
Authors: Hapisah Hapisah , Wangiyana Wayan
Published: September 2021

This study aimed to examine the effect of organic fertilization and red rice varieties on growth and yield of soybean grown together with various red rice varieties under aerobic system irrigation. The pot experiment, carried out in the plastic house of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Mataram in the Narmada experimental farm, was arranged according to the Completely Randomized Design, with three replications and two treatment factors, namely organic fertilization using bokashi of cattle manure (16 ton/ha) applied at rice planting (P0 = without; P1 = with organic fertilizer), and red rice varieties (V1= AM-G2, V2= AM-G4, V3= AM-G9, V4= AM-G10, V5= Inpari 24, V6= Inpago Unram-1), under aerobic irrigation system through sub-irrigation. Pre-germinated soybean seeds (“Anjasmoro” variety) were relay-planted 18 days after planting rice. The results indicated that organic fertilization only significantly increased weights of dry stover, dry pods and grain yield of soybean, whereas rice varieties only affected dry pod weight, and the interaction effect was significant only on soybean grain yield, with the highest average of 17.77 g/pot (equivalent to 2.84 ton/ha) in soybean relay-planted with organic-fertilized rice of “Inpari 24” variety, which grain yield was the lowest (11.1 g/pot or 1,78 ton/ha), indicating that there were below-ground competitions between rice and soybean grown in one pot. However, in the treatment producing the highest rice grain yield (40.9 g/pot or 6.54 ton/ha), the average soybean grain yield was 13.7 g/pot (or 2.19 ton/ha), which is still quite high (far above the national productivity), so relay-planting soybean with rice crop in aerobic irrigation systems supplied with organic fertilizer is still feasible.
INFORMASI KARAKTERISTIK MORFOMETRI DAS JANGKOK MENGGUNAKAN SISTIM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS
Authors: Denaswidhi Ega
Published: September 2021

Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) merupakan suatu kesatuan sistem lahan yang dibatasi oleh igir dan punggung gunung sebagai batas alami yang akan mengalirkan air curah hujan menjadi aliran permukaan atau aliran dasar menuju danau atau laut secara alami. Setiap DAS memiliki respon yang berbeda terhadap masukan curah hujan yang terjadi. Kondisi geomorfologi lahan DAS yang memberikan pengaruh terhadap kondisi hidrologi DAS, pada tahap awal dapat dianalisis dengan pendekatan morfometri DAS. Analisis informasi morfometri DAS dengan menggunakan pengukuran terestris di lapangan akan memerlukan tenaga, waktu dan biaya yang besar. Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) saat ini sudah menjadi pilihan banyak pihak untuk memperoleh informasi morfometri DAS. Dalam studi ini DAS Jangkok dipilih sebagai lokasi studi karena DAS Jangkok memiliki variasi ekosistem yang beragam. Analisis untuk mendapatkan informasi nilai parameter mofometri DAS sangat penting dilakukan karena dapat dijadikan dasar untuk perencanaan atau kegiatan pengelolaan DAS. Parameter morfometri DAS Jangkok yang dianalisis dalam studi ini adalah luas, keliling, panjang dan lebar, kemiringan atau gradien alur, ketinggian rata-rata, orde percabangan sungai, kerapatan alur dan bentuk DAS. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ini adalah menurunkan informasi topografi maupun morfometri DAS secara otomatis pada perangkat lunak SIG. Berdasarkan hasil analisa yang dilakukan, diperoleh nilai morfometri DAS Jangkok berupa luas sebesar 17.243 hektar, panjang DAS mencapai 38,77 kilometer, kemiringan gradien alur sebesar 4,75 %, terdapat 5 orde percabangan sungai dengan jumlah segmen aliran sebanyak 1.086 segmen. Bentuk DAS Jangkok cenderung memanjang dimana nilai indeks kebulatan DAS sebesar 0,23. SIG merupakan suatu sistem yang efektif untuk menurunkan informasi morfometri DAS.