bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS PERLINDUNGAN MEREK DAGANG TERHADAP SENGKETA NEGARA ISLE OF MAN DAN WEN KEN DRUG CO. PTE LTD
Authors: Luneto Riska , Dika Aldilla
Published: February 2021

Protection of trademarks (goods / services) is one of the important things for every inventor. The success of the WTO as an organization that oversees cooperation in the field of trade has an important role in the struggle that was resolved in the field of trade, in accordance with the agreement in the TRIPs which discussed Intellectual Property that was sponsored both nationally and internationally. The damaged trademark case by the Wen Ken Group Company later became an example of violation of the agreement, when the trademark product / service that was registered did not conflict with the logo, symbol or symbol of an ideology or the State. The resolution of this dispute is then still a polemic in Indonesia because the decisions made are not in accordance with the provisions in force, so they are approved by the WTO. Keywords: Intellectual Property Rights, WTO, TRIPs, Trademarks, Disputes
ANCAMAN KENAIKAN MUKA AIR LAUT BAGI NEGARA-NEGARA DI KEPULAUAN PASIFIK
Authors: Wahyudin Bayu
Published: February 2021

The increase in the average temperature of the earth is experiencing global warming. Of the many impacts, sea level rise is one of the most important impacts because it can eliminate the existence of certain state entities. An island state with distinctive features and issued consisting of small islands is the party most threatened. This threat is slow but surely continues to haunt residents living in these island-states, for example the Pacific islands. The impact of this challenge is not only on the environment, but also on the social life of residents living in this area. If one day the area they now live in is completely submerged, then they must find a new place to live (climate change refugees). Therefore, the Pacific islands, specifically those who are members of the Melanesian Spearhead Group (MSG) and the Pacific Islands Forum (PIF), make various efforts in overcoming this problem. This paper uses the help of the green political paradigm (Green Politic) as a reference in seeing the phenomena associated with MSG and PIF in the Pacific countries.
Analysis of coal bed methane recovery technologies
Authors: Arhipov I. A.
Published: February 2021

The study presents data on methane, as one of the most dangerous greenhouse gases. An analysis of the role of coal bed methane in the impact on the Earth ‘s atmosphere is provided; Based on the experience of reducing coal bed methane, the main steps that will ensure the development of this industry are assumed; Comprehensive analysis of methods to ensure methane safety has been carried out. The methodology of scientific research is to analyse and systematize the main scientific papers in the field of reducing the negative impact of methane on the environment and to analyze the main characteristics of coal bed methane recovery technologies. As a result, a set of measures has been defined to reduce the NROS of coal bed methane and various technologies for its extraction from coal beds have been analysed; The main characteristics of coal bed methane recovery technologies are identified and analyzed, affecting the efficiency of reduction of NROS, economic efficiency, as well as methane safety. In the detailed examination of the results, the main positive and negative aspects of various ways to reduce the NROS of coal mine methane were identified; Taking into account the main regularities of gas balance, the trends of methods of gas release control are determined, as well as the high efficiency of reduction of NROS of mine methane during development of a complex solution for its extraction is revealed. Finally, activities have been identified to improve the efficiency of coal bed degassing as technologies that have a positive impact on all performance criteria; The integrated use of various methane safety technologies is justified.
Risk-based approach to keep mining industrial safety
Authors: Kaledina N. O.
Published: February 2021

Currently, the mining industry should be transferred to a risk-based approach in providing state supervision of industrial safety. “Regulatory guillotine” provides for the abolition of all current regulatory and methodological documents in the industry. However, vital risks should be identified and methods of their assessment and safety management based on these assessments should be proposed. The regulatory framework should become more logical and concise. However, the specifics of the mining industry requires not only a reduction in the volume of documents, but also a serious study in terms of ensuring systematic safety requirements, harmonization of industry and industry standards. In the context of a risk-based approach, all control activities go to the level of production units, while the role of personnel qualification is growing, since organizational risks are prevailing in the mining industry. Therefore, training should be one of the important tasks of the reform of the supervision of industrial safety. It will not work out only through the system of additional professional education, because In this system, personnel are mainly trained at the top managerial level, and the lower and middle levels of mining management are carried out by university graduates. This, in turn, requires an increase in the level of professional training of mountain university graduates, which is difficult to implement in the current system of basic engineering education. The current law” on education “ implements a system of constant quality reduction, which requires its adjustment.
Construction and Analysis of Plastic Extruder Machine for Polyethylene Plastic Waste
Authors: Sonjaya Muhammad Luthfi , Hidayat Muh Farid
Published: February 2021

Polyethylene plastic waste is such hazard object in the world, while the benefits of this plastic rubbish are prodigious. An extruder machine is one of the great ways to reduce huge amounts of plastic waste not only to the manufacturing companies which recycle the plastic waste but also to the small society. This extruder machine was created to overcome the problems faced by all countries about plastic waste in land or in ocean. The results of extruded plastic waste were solid filament that can be utilized for some valuable stuff made by plastic. From this study, experimental test was applied by heating the plastic waste with different temperatures of 150, 160, 170, 180, 190, 200, 210, 220, and 230°C. As a result, the best temperature to heat the polyethylene plastic waste is 190°C according to surface roughness test and digital caliper measurement.
Quantum algorithmic differentiation
Authors: Colucci Giuseppe , Giacosa Francesco
Published: February 2021

In this work we present an algorithm to perform algorithmic differentiation in the context of quantum computing. We present two versions of the algorithm, one which is fully quantum and one which employees a classical step (hybrid approach). Since the implementation of elementary functions is already possible on quantum computers, the scheme that we propose can be easily applied. Moreover, since some steps (such as the CNOT operator) can (or will be) faster on a quantum computer than on a classical one, our procedure may ultimately emonstrate that quantum algorithmic differentiation has an advantage relative to its classical counterpart.
Protein Conjugation with Triazolinediones: Switching from a General Tyrosine-Selective Labeling Method to a Highly Specific Tryptophan Bioconjugation Strategy
Authors: Decoene Klaas , Unal Kamil , Staes An , Gevaert Kris , Winne Johan M. , Madder Annemieke
Published: February 2021

Selective labeling of tyrosine residues in peptides and proteins can be achieved via a 'tyrosine-click' reaction with triazolinedione reagents (TAD). We have found that tryptophan residues are in fact often also labeled with this reagent. This off-target labeling is only observed at very low levels in protein bioconjugation but remains under the radar due to the low relative abundance of tryptophan compared to tyrosines in natural proteins, and because of the low availability and accessibility of their nucleophilic positions at the solvent-exposed protein surface. Moreover, because TAD-Trp adducts are known to be readily thermoreversible, it can be challenging to detect these physiologically stable but thermally labile modifications using several MS/MS techniques. We have found that fully solvent-exposed tryptophan side chains are kinetically favored over tyrosines under almost all conditions, and this selectivity can even be further enhanced by modifying the pH of the aqueous buffer to effect selective Trp-labeling. This new site-selective bioconjugation method does not rely on unnatural amino acids and has been demonstrated for peptides and for recombinant proteins. Thus, the TAD-Tyr click reaction can be turned into a highly site-specific labeling method for tryptophan.
PRINCIPALES IMPLICANCIAS DE LA NIIF 7 PARA EL TRATAMIENTO DE LA LIQUIDEZ EMPRESARIAL
Authors: Silupu Macalupu, Bach. Jahaira Anahí , Huacchillo Pardo, Mg. Letty Angélica , Crisanto Velasco, Mg. Robert Soriano
Published: February 2021

Las diferentes normas que se dan el mundo en materia contable, tratan de cumplir el objetivo de uniformizar dicha información y hacerla de uso común entre todos los países afiliados. Dentro de los diferentes enfoques que estas normas amparan, como por ejemplo las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (en adelante NIIF), tenemos el tratamiento correcto de la liquidez, tomando esta última como actor clave para el crecimiento empresarial. Así entonces el análisis financiero basado en NIIF, tiene una enorme importancia para evaluar el desarrollo económico y financiero de un ente económico, ya que permite observar problemas y a su vez corregirlos con la finalidad de mejorar la gestión de las empresas. El estudio propone conocer la importancia que tiene el análisis financiero de la liquidez como un factor clave para el crecimiento empresarial basado en la NIIF 7 donde se exponen el correcto armado y exposición de los instrumentos financieros convencionales que como mínimo toda empresa debe conocer, el estudio está contextualizada en la zona norte de Perú. La investigación enmarcada en un diseño no experimental de tipo correlacional; muestra un índice de liquidez general de 0.205; una prueba acida de 0.204, el ratio de caja de 0.026 y un capital de trabajo de -51421 unidades monetarias concluyendo que la unidad de análisis no muestra una liquidez necesaria para cumplir con sus diversas obligaciones. Dentro de otros aspectos, la no realización de análisis a los estados financieros, prolonga los factores de desconocimiento en el avance de gestión empresarial por ende no permite la correcta toma de decisiones.
Crustal Fault Connectivity of the Mw 7.8 2016 Kaikōura Earthquake Constrained by Aftershock Relocations
Authors: Lanza F , Chamberlain Calum , Jacobs K , Warren-Smith E , Godfrey HJ , Kortink M , Thurber CH , Savage Martha , Townend John , Roecker S , Eberhart-Phillips D
Published: February 2021

©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. The 14 November 2016 Mw7.8 Kaikōura earthquake in the northern South Island, New Zealand, involved highly complex, multifault rupture. We combine data from a temporary network and the permanent national seismograph network to repick and relocate ~2,700 aftershocks of M≥3 that occurred between 14 November 2016 and 13 May 2017. Automatic phase-picking is carried out using REST, a newly developed hybrid method whose pick quality is assessed by comparing automatic picks for a subset of 138 events with analysts' picks. Aftershock hypocenters computed from high-quality REST picks and a 3-D velocity model cluster almost exclusively in the shallow crust of the upper plate and reveal linkages at depth between surface-rupturing fault segments. Only eight aftershocks are relocated on a deeper structure positioned between patches of geodetically detected afterslip. This indicates that afterslip has not triggered significant earthquake activity on the subduction interface during the period of aftershock activity analyzed.
Triggering of the Pohang, Korea, Earthquake (Mw 5.5) by enhanced geothermal system stimulation
Authors: Ellsworth WL , Giardini D , Townend John , Ge S , Shimamoto T
Published: February 2021

© 2019 Seismological Society of America. All rights reserved. On the afternoon of 15 November 2017, the coastal city of Pohang, Korea, was rocked by a magnitude 5.5 earthquake (Mw, U.S. Geological Survey). Questions soon arose about the possible involvement in the earthquake of the Republic of Korea's first enhanced geothermal system (EGS) project because the epicenter of the earthquake was located near the project's drill site. The Pohang EGS project was intended to create an artificial geothermal reservoir within low-permeability crystalline basement by hydraulically stimulating the rock to form a connected network of fractures between two wells, PX-1 and PX-2, at a depth of ∼4 km. Forensic examination of the tectonic stress conditions, local geology, well drilling data, the five high-pressure well stimulations undertaken to create the EGS reservoir, and the seismicity induced by injection produced definitive evidence that earthquakes induced by high-pressure injection into the PX-2 well activated a previously unmapped fault that triggered the Mw 5.5 earthquake. Important lessons of a general nature can be learned from the Pohang experience and can serve to increase the safety of future EGS projects in Korea and elsewhere.
Seismic Response to Injection Well Stimulation in a High-Temperature, High-Permeability Reservoir
Authors: Hopp C , Sewell Steven , Mroczek S , Savage Martha , Townend John
Published: February 2021

©2019. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved. Fluid injection into the Earth's crust can induce seismic events that cause damage to local infrastructure but also offer valuable insight into seismogenesis. The factors that influence the magnitude, location, and number of induced events remain poorly understood but include injection flow rate and pressure as well as reservoir temperature and permeability. The relationship between injection parameters and injection-induced seismicity in high-temperature, high-permeability reservoirs has not been extensively studied. Here we focus on the Ngatamariki geothermal field in the central Taupō Volcanic Zone, New Zealand, where three stimulation/injection tests have occurred since 2012. We present a catalog of seismicity from 2012 to 2015 created using a matched-filter detection technique. We analyze the stress state in the reservoir during the injection tests from first motion-derived focal mechanisms, yielding an average direction of maximum horizontal compressive stress (SHmax) consistent with the regional NE-SW trend. However, there is significant variation in the direction of maximum compressive stress (σ1), which may reflect geological differences between wells. We use the ratio of injection flow rate to overpressure, referred to as injectivity index, as a proxy for near-well permeability and compare changes in injectivity index to spatiotemporal characteristics of seismicity accompanying each test. Observed increases in injectivity index are generally poorly correlated with seismicity, suggesting that the locations of microearthquakes are not coincident with the zone of stimulation (i.e., increased permeability). Our findings augment a growing body of work suggesting that aseismic opening or slip, rather than seismic shear, is the active process driving well stimulation in many environments.
Large-displacement, hydrothermal frictional properties of DFDP-1 fault rocks, Alpine Fault, New Zealand: Implications for deep rupture propagation
Authors: Niemeijer AR , Boulton Carolyn , Toy VG , Townend John , Sutherland Rupert
Published: February 2021

©2016. The Authors. The Alpine Fault, New Zealand, is a major plate-bounding fault that accommodates 65-75% of the total relative motion between the Australian and Pacific plates. Here we present data on the hydrothermal frictional properties of Alpine Fault rocks that surround the principal slip zones (PSZ) of the Alpine Fault and those comprising the PSZ itself. The samples were retrieved from relatively shallow depths during phase 1 of the Deep Fault Drilling Project (DFDP-1) at Gaunt Creek. Simulated fault gouges were sheared at temperatures of 25, 150, 300, 450, and 600°C in order to determine the friction coefficient as well as the velocity dependence of friction. Friction remains more or less constant with changes in temperature, but a transition from velocity-strengthening behavior to velocity-weakening behavior occurs at a temperature of T = 150°C. The transition depends on the absolute value of sliding velocity as well as temperature, with the velocity-weakening region restricted to higher velocity for higher temperatures. Friction was substantially lower for low-velocity shearing (V < 0.3 μm/s) at 600°C, but no transition to normal stress independence was observed. In the framework of rate-and-state friction, earthquake nucleation is most likely at an intermediate temperature of T = 300°C. The velocity-strengthening nature of the Alpine Fault rocks at higher temperatures may pose a barrier for rupture propagation to deeper levels, limiting the possible depth extent of large earthquakes. Our results highlight the importance of strain rate in controlling frictional behavior under conditions spanning the classical brittle-plastic transition for quartzofeldspathic compositions.
Source directionality of ambient seismic noise inferred from three-component beamforming
Authors: Behr Y , Townend John , Bowen M , Carter Lionel , Gorman R , Brooks L , Bannister S
Published: February 2021

The increased use of ambient seismic noise for seismic imaging requires better understanding of the ambient seismic noise wavefield and its source locations and mechanisms. Although the source regions and mechanisms of Rayleigh waves have been studied extensively, characterization of Love wave source processes are sparse or absent. We present here the first systematic comparison of ambient seismic noise source directions within the primary (~10-20 s period) and secondary (~5-10 s period) microseism bands for both Rayleigh and Love waves in the Southern Hemisphere using vertical- and horizontal-component ambient seismic noise recordings from a dense temporary network of 68 broadband seismometers in New Zealand. Our analysis indicates that Rayleigh and Love waves within the primary microseism band appear to be mostly generated in different areas, whereas in the secondary microseism band they arrive from similar backazimuths. Furthermore, the source areas of surface waves within the secondary microseism band correlate well with modeled deep-water and near-coastal source regions. Key Points Rayleigh and Love wave source regions of the secondary microseism are co-located Rayleigh and Love wave source regions of the primary microseism differ strongly Observed and modeled source directions for the secondary microseism agree well ©2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved.
ART OF WORD UTAGE, WORD PEARL AND PLASE IN ALISHER NAVAI’S WORKS
Authors:   Mimar Sinan Güzel Sanatlar Üniversitesi, SEYHAN Tanju
Published: February 2021

Undoubtedly, the last founding artist in the entire history of Turkish literature is Alisher Navai (1441-1501). Navai, who studied in deep-rooted cultural centers, learned the science, social, religious and artistic sciences of the period from famous teachers, and gained inspiration from Sufis such as Kemal Tevbetî, Ebul-Lays Semerkandî and Abdurrahman Jami, guided the culture, science, civilization and art life of his country. When his verse and prose works are examined in terms of philology, it is indisputable that he is a master of Turkish with all his subtleties and rhetoric, that he has carried the tradition to the highest level by both continuing the tradition and bringing innovations, and that he is a competent name in rhetoric and logic. Nevâyî shows his ability to construct in all kinds of things he wants to write, in an appropriate style. On the word and its source which is the basis of language, in the introduction of his works such as Dîbâçe, Hamse, Muhakemetü’l-Lugateyn and Mîzânü’l-Evzân, Nazmü’l-Cevâhir he writes couplets about the word. In this article, his views on the emergence of word, heart, reason and word will be emphasized.Key words: Nevâyî, Eastern Turkish (Chagatai), Word, Word Pearl, spirit
НАВОИЙНИНГ ТОЖИК ТИЛИДА ТАТАББУЪ ҒАЗАЛ ЯРАТИШ МАҲОРАТИ
Authors:   Tadqiqot LLC International journals portal, Abdukodirov Abdusalom
Published: February 2021

Thearticle shows the skill of Alishera Navoi in creating a tatabbu-gazelle in tajik, based on an analysis of one of his tatabbu which is written in the gazelle Hafiz Shirazi.Key words: Navoi, Hafiz, gazelle, tatabbu, skill
Tratamiento a pacientes diagnosticados con esclerosis múltiple
Authors: Sornoza Palma Ivan Marcelo , Beltrán Cevallos Andrés Medardo , Bravo Ávila Ronald Steven , Mero Parrales Kenia Elizabeth , Rodríguez Delgado Joselyne Mariam , Zambrano Zambrano Johan
Published: February 2021

La esclerosis múltiple (EM) es una enfermedad autoinmune del sistema nervioso central con una etiología multifactorial y una historia natural muy variable. Una comprensión cada vez mayor de la inmunopatogénesis de la afección ha llevado a una gama cada vez mayor de terapias para esta enfermedad previamente intratable. Si bien una cura para la EM sigue siendo difícil de alcanzar, se puede lograr el potencial de reducir la actividad de la enfermedad inflamatoria al prevenir las recaídas y minimizar la progresión de la enfermedad. Se reconoce cada vez más la importancia del tratamiento temprano para minimizar la discapacidad a largo plazo. La mayoría de las terapias más nuevas y efectivas están asociadas con riesgos y problemas prácticos que requieren una estrategia de manejo activa y una vigilancia continua. Hasta la actualidad esta enfermedad sigue siendo un desafío para la medicina, sin embargo, el uso de nuevas terapias y tratamientos han abierto una brecha de esperanza en el pronóstico y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. En este sentido, por medio de la siguiente revisión bibliográfica se busca dar a conocer los tratamientos actuales que dan lugar a soluciones para quienes padecen este tipo de patología.
Lesiones dermatológicas en el COVID-19
Authors: Castro Caicedo Katherine Yelise , Castro Caicedo Genesis Argeli , Giler Navia Dennis Xavier , Gaybor Chancay Karla Maholy
Published: February 2021

La Pandemia del Coronavirus ha sido uno de los más grandes problemas de salud mundiales desde hace muchos años. Hasta el 30 de noviembre de 2020, se han reportado un total de 62.574.334 de casos en todo el mundo, de los cuales 1.458.617 han fallecido. Las manifestaciones clínicas del COVID-19 son variadas, desde casos asintomáticos hasta pacientes con enfermedad severa. En un principio se describieron signos y síntomas tales como: fiebre, tos, odinofagia y dificultad respiratoria. Asociadas al COVID-19, las lesiones o manifestaciones dermatológicas son consideradas pocos frecuentes, siendo raramente descriptas en la literatura y pobremente caracterizadas. Conocer el impacto del COVID-19 en la piel y si existe alguna relación en la gravedad de la enfermedad, resulta de gran importancia para la modificación de los criterios clínicos de diagnóstico. Asimismo, valorar todos los aspectos de fisiopatología, etiopatogenia, entre otros. El objetivo del presente estudio consiste en plasmar las lesiones o manifestaciones dermatológicas en pacientes con COVID-19, y la relación de las mismas con esta enfermedad. El modelo de investigación es una revisión de tipo documental bibliográfico. Se encontró que la literatura en cuanto al tema es escasa, no obstante, estudios como el de Galván Casas et al. han encontrado patrones de manifestaciones cutáneas en pacientes con COVID-19. Establecieron 5 patrones principales: lesiones acrales, patrón vesiculoso, urticariforme, maculo-papular y livedo-necrosis. Se puede concluir que, las lesiones dermatológicas en pacientes con COVID-19, son tan diversas como complejas, no obstante, en los estudios se han encontrados patrones determinantes que permiten orientar el diagnóstico y su prognosis. Asimismo, permiten orientar acerca de la fase en que se encuentra el COVID-19. Por último, estos patrones de lesiones dermatológicas en pacientes con COVID-19, así como cualquier estudio científico relacionado, representan una base para posteriores investigaciones que ayuden en la comprensión general del COVID-19.
Responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en los delitos ambientales a la luz del ordenamiento jurídico ecuatoriano
Authors: Píriz Smith Álvaro Javier , Guerrero Galarza Eddie Steeven , Suqui Romero Gabriel Yovany
Published: February 2021

El presente es uno de los temas que incardina el Derecho penal moderno como corolario expansionismo del Derecho penal. La responsabilidad penal de la persona jurídica en los delitos ambientales constituye una de las herramientas normativas de combate contra la afectación al medioambiente por parte de las empresas que se dedican a actividades sensibles a la naturaleza en particular y al medioambiente en general. El objetivo del presente artículo es reflexionar la institución de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en la comisión de delitos ambientales bajo la luz del ordenamiento jurídico penal ecuatoriano, destacando sus particularidades y utilizando para tales efectos el análisis sistemático y dogmático de la normativa penal. Se concluye por una parte que el debate a nivel político criminal respecto de la inclusión de la responsabilidad penal de las personas jurídicas en el seno de la normativa penal ecuatoriana es pobre y, por otra parte, que más allá de su tipificación formal desde la vigencia de esta clase responsabilidad, aún la jurisprudencia ecuatoriana no ha dado sus primeros pasos para explicarla desde la lógica argumentativa.
Beneficios de la crisoterapia a los pacientes con diagnóstico de artritis reumatoide
Authors: Zambrano Zambrano Fressia Carolina , Cedeño Flores Félix Patricio , Zambrano Chicaiza David José , Plaza López Jonathan Javier
Published: February 2021

La artritis reumatoide es una enfermedad muy degenerativa, que si no es tratada a tiempo puede producir una discapacidad muy grave a quien la padece, ya que esta enfermedad, produce dolor e inflamación en las articulaciones diartrodiales que afecta aproximadamente al 1% de la población. Entre los múltiples tratamientos que se pueden utilizar, la crioterapia es una técnica que puede ser empleada, ya que es utilizada en otras enfermedades musculares con buenos resultados. La metodología de la investigación es una revisión bibliográfica, apoyada en medios electrónicos como fuente primaria de obtención de la información, los trabajos encontrados dieron aportes fundamentales para la consecución de este trabajo. La conclusión fundamental es que la crioterapia o crisoterapia demuestra que mitiga el dolor y las inflamaciones en sus diferentes modalidades terapéuticas (criomasaje, inmersión en agua helada, paquete de hielo), ya que produce un retraso de los canales de sodio, que retardan las corrientes de sodio responsables de la despolarización de las fibras nerviosas, musculares, que explicarían el aumento del umbral del dolor y el potencial efecto hipoalgésico atribuido a la crioterapia.
The Effect of Hormonal Contraception on Body Mass Index among Women in Reproductive Age
Authors:   Dharma Husada Academy of Midwifery, Kediri, East Java, Kusumawati Widya , Rosidah Lely Khulafa’ur ,   Dharma Husada Academy of Midwifery, Kediri, East Java
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Hormonal contraception is still a popular contraceptive method for most women. More than six million women worldwide use the injectable hormonal contraceptive method. The hormones estrogen and progesterone contained in hormonal birth control can affect the increase of sodium and fluids. This will affect the fat layer and appetite which will cause weight gain, thus impacting body mass index (BMI). This study aimed to determine the effect of hormonal contraception on BMI. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Ngampel village, Mojoroto District, Kediri, East Java, in June – July 2019. The total of 30 women in reproductive age were selected using purposive sampling technique. The independent variable was the use of hormonal contraception. the dependent variable was BMI. The data were collected by questionnaire then analyzed using Chi Square test. Results: The use of hormonal contraception was increased the BMI among women in reproductive age. Conclusion: The use of hormonal contraception can give an effect on BMI. Sometimes, woman body should be given the opportunity to rest using non-hormonal birth control. Keywords: family planning, hormonal contraception, body mass index Correspondence: Widya Kusumawati. Dharma Husada Kediri Academy of Midwifery. Jl. Coverage No 41 A Kediri City. Email: widya.koesoemawati@gmail.com. Mobile: 085722223910. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.20
Psychososial Stimulation in Stunting and Non Stunting Firms
Authors:   Academy of Midwifery of Dharma Husada Kediri, Rahmawati Dian
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Background: Stunting is a condition of growth failure among children under five due to chronic malnutrition. According to World Health Organization (WHO), stunting under five is a public health problem if the prevalence is 20% or more. In 2018, stunting in Indonesia is more than 20%, so it becomes a public health problem and needs to be addressed immediately. Stunting does not only affect physical growth but also psychosocial development. Stunting can reduce the quality of human resources (HR) because the body’s organs, especially the brain, are not able to develop optimally, and increase the risk of diseases such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, heart disease, and stroke. The low psychosocial stimulation has an impact on the subsequent growth of the child. This study aimed to analyze the association between psychosocial stimulation and stunting. Subjects and Method: A case control study was conducted in the Village Bangkok, Kediri, East Java, in August 2020. A total sample of 25 stunting children aged 24-59 months was obtained as a case group and 25 normal toddlers aged 24-59 months as a control group. The dependent variable was the incidence of stunting, while the independent variable was psychosocial stimulation. The stunting measurement was based on the height per age (converted into a Z-score). Measurement of psychosocial stimulation was using the Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment Revisited (HOME) questionnaire consists of 55 statements divided into 8 aspects. The data were collected and analyzed using the Chi Square test. Results: Stunting children showed that psychosocial stimulation were low (20%), medium (64%), and high (16%). While psychosocial stimulation among not stunted children were absent (0%), medium (64%), and high (36%). Psychosocial stimulation was associated with the incidence of stunting (p= 0.031), and it was statistically significant. Conclusion: Psychological stimulation is associated with the incidence of stunting. The psychosocial stimulation provided by families for stunting toddlers is still less than that of non-stunting children. Keywords: stunting, psychosocial stimulation, children under five Correspondence: Dian Rahmawati. Academy of Midwifery of Dharma Husada. Jl. Penanggungan 41A Kediri City 64114, East Java. Email: lintangkayana31@gmail.com. Mobile: +6285645076003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.24
Rehabilitation and Superstructure Replacement of the Miles Canyon Timber Suspension Bridge
Authors: Ellis Reed , Cheng Renyuan , Heal Tyler
Published: February 2021

The Miles Canyon suspension bridge is a 40 m long historic wooden suspension pedestrian bridge across the Yukon River near Whitehorse, Yukon, Canada. The bridge is owned and maintained by the Government of Yukon (GY). The bridge forms an important link in the local trail system and is important for tourism access to some of the historic sites of the Klondike Gold Rush. Non-destructive testing in winter 2015 revealed advanced decay in many members, necessitating full superstructure replacement. A temporary rehabilitation was performed to allow the bridge to temporarily reopen for the summer 2016 tourist season, with a full superstructure replacement in fall 2016. Replacement timber members were carefully selected, detailed, and prefabricated, giving the rehabilitated structure an extended lease on life with proper upkeep and maintenance. Construction of both phases of the work were completed on time and on budget.
Innovative Bearing Design for Bridges
Authors: Watson Ronald J.
Published: February 2021

Bridge bearings represent a small percentage of the overall cost of a bridge, however if improperly designed or installed they can result in the majority of the problems. As a result it is imperative that bridge bearings be easy to install and have a trouble free design. Many types of bridge bearings have been utilized over the years with a mixture of success and failure. One type of device that has had an impressive performance history for over 40 years is the disk bearing. The disk bearing has undergone extensive testing and offers engineers several different innovative design features for curved girders, uplift restraint, high horizontal loading and high rotations.
Experimental Study on Ductility and Hysteretic Energy of CIP and Precast Bridge Piers with High Strength Rebar
Authors: Zhuo Weiding , Liu Zhao , Zhang Wenming , Zhang Jiandong
Published: February 2021

In order to minimize the construction cost and improve the seismic performance of structures, the high strength steel bar (≥500MPa) with sufficient ductility has begun to find application in construction industry around the world. Taking the cast-in-place and the precast segmental bridge piers with HRB600E into consideration, the pseudo-static experimental study of four large-scale specimens was carried out in this paper. The results showed that two types of the reinforced pier columns with HRB600E and different reinforcement ratio exhibited typical flexural failure mode where column bottom appeared concrete crushed seriously at the compressive toes or even extended into the core concrete encased by stirrup, and longitudinal bars buckled and subsequent fractured. The hysteretic loop for the CIP piers was plumper than the precast ones, but the resilience of precast pier was better than the CIP piers. The energy dissipation of the CIP piers for each cycle measured was larger than the one of the precast piers, which had relatively severer damage. The displacement ductility of the precast piers was relatively larger than the CIP piers. The energy dissipation bars fractured earlier in the cast-in-place piers than in the precast segmental ones when the reinforcement ratio was low.
A New Pulse-Based E-R-µ Method for Predicting the Peak Seismic Response of Highly Nonlinear Bridge Structures
Authors: Koval Viacheslav , Christopoulos Constantin , Tremblay Robert
Published: February 2021

Simplified analysis methods used in AASHTO, CAN/CSA-S6 and EC8 codes for the seismic design of isolated structures typically rely on a linearization of nonlinear systems and assume that the peak response can be obtained from a steady-state dynamic response centered about the origin of the force-deflection response of the system. This assumption, while adequate for a certain range of nonlinear systems, leads to potentially large inaccuracies, especially for highly nonlinear systems. The article presents a new pulse-basedE-R-µmethod that was developed to overcome these limitations and achieve better peak response predictions. The method is based on the response of nonlinear systems to single acceleration pulses which more realistically reflects the effects of ground motions on seismically isolated structures. In addition, the method does not require iterations, which represents a major advantage compared to current iterative linearization approaches. In the article, assumptions of current code methods are summarized. Energy based concepts forming the basis of the newE-R-µmethod are introduced. The method is then described and validated against the results from nonlinear time history analyses for a large number of isolated bridge models. The method is also applied and validated for an archetype isolated bridge case. For this structure, the proposedE-R-µmethod is found to give an upper bound prediction of the displacement demand that is obtained from nonlinear dynamic analysis.
Comparative Study of a Set of Codes for the Seismic Design of Buildings
Authors: Santos Sergio H. C. , Giarlelis Christos , Traykova Marina , Bucur Carmen , Zanaica Luca , Lima Silvio S.
Published: February 2021

A comparative study of codes from seismically active regions of various countries is presented covering US, European, Italian, Greek, Romanian, Brazilian and Bulgarian Standards. The study focuses on the comparison of certain critical points: recurrence periods; seismic zonation and design ground motion parameter values; shape of the response spectrum; soil amplification; importance levels; seismic force-resisting systems; behavior factors; structural irregularities; story drift limits; procedures for seismic analysis. Following the comparison of the text of the codes, their application on the seismic design of an ordinary reinforced concrete structure is presented. The structure is subjected to the seismic input according to the above set of codes and obtained results are compared highlighting the differences between the codes. Overall this study aims to assist to the future improvement of the various seismic standards.
Tunneling Appropriate Computational Models from Laser Scanning Data
Authors: Truong-Hong Linh , Laefer Debra F.
Published: February 2021

Tunneling projects often require computational models of existing structures. To this end, this paper demonstrates the viability of automatically, robustly reconstructing an individual building model from laser scanning data for further computational modeling without any manual intervention. The resulting model is appropriate for immediate importation into a commercial finite element method (FEM) program. The method combines a voxel-based technique with an angle criterion. Initially, the voxelization model is used to represent the façade model, while an angle criterion is implemented to determine boundaries of the façade and its openings (doors and windows). The algorithm overcomes common problems of occlusions or artefacts that arise during data acquisition. The resulting relative errors of overall dimensions and opening areas of geometric models were less 2% and 6%, respectively, which are generally within industry standards for this type of building modeling.
Third Bosphorus Bridge-An Overview
Authors: Farooq Abdul
Published: February 2021

The Third Bosphorus, a stiffened suspension bridge with a main span of 1408m, overall length 2250m and width 59.4m, is believed to be the first of its type. The innovative hybrid suspension- stay cable supported deck is designed and constructed to carry 8 lanes of road traffic and twin track heavy rail, all on the same deck level.

The bridge is situated in a seismic region and exposed to a severe wind climate. The bridge was required to be constructed to a tight timeframe. These factors posed technical and planning challenges. The technical innovations featured in the paper include tower saddles, dehumidification, and structural health monitoring system.

From a Lenders’ Technical Advisor perspective, this paper gives an overview of the technical challenges and how these were successfully addressed in bringing to fruition this truly unique crossing by the design.
Experimental Thin-Walled U-Profile Footbridge Made of UHPFRC
Authors: Tej Petr , Kněž Petr , Blank Marek
Published: February 2021

This paper presents design, production and installation of an experimental thin-walled U-profile footbridge made of ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete (UHPFRC) with dispersed steel fibers without any conventional reinforcement. Properties of UHPFRC leads to the design of very thin structures. In this case an experimental thin-walled U-profile footbridge with horizontal and vertical curvature was designed and manufactured. Single-span bridge has span of 10 m, clear width of 1.5 m with thickness of shell structure of 30 mm on the side guards and 45 mm on the deck. The paper presents a lots of calculation versions for optimization of the proposal bridge. Self-compacting character of UHPFRC with high flowability allowed casting the final structure in one piece without any vibration. Extensive research was done before production of footbridge. Large-scale specimens were casted and tested in laboratory. A technology of casting and production of formwork were tested and optimized many times because of complexity of whole experiment. Finally the paper presents detailed course on installation of the bridge in landscape and setting and results of static loading tests.
Method for placing Prefabricated Slab Elements on Bridge Decks
Authors: Fuchs Kerstin , Gaßner Georg , Kollegger Johann
Published: February 2021

The Institute of Structural Engineering of TU Wien is working on a new method for the construction of deck slabs for bridges, using partial depth precast concrete elements with an in-situ concrete layer. This construction method can be used for all types of bridges, but in this paper, the application for steel- concrete- composite bridges is shown.

Building the slab with partial depth precast elements are used. These elements will be delivered from the precast factory to the building site, where they are stored next to the abutment. An installation carriage with vertically adjustable steel bars is picking up the elements from the assembly area and carrying them to the installation site where the elements are situated in their final position. The additional reinforcement will be placed and a concrete layer will be applied.
Polyurethane flexible plug expansion joints – Characteristics, benefits and case studies
Authors: Meng Niculin , Gallai Gustav , Baillés Borja
Published: February 2021

Polyurethane flexible plug expansion joints, the modern alternative to the traditional asphaltic type, have in recent years proven their value to bridge engineers all around the world, thanks to their numerous advantages over other expansion joint types in many situations. They offer all the benefits of asphaltic plug joint, including smooth, safe, low-noise surface, great adaptability and easy installation, but offer greatly improved reliability, strength, elasticity and durability. The immediate outlook for this type of joint remains exciting, with testing of a new, further improved design, in connection with the renewal of the joint’s European Technical Approval, to be completed in early 2017. The installation, characteristics and benefits of this joint type are described, and its use is illustrated by a diverse range of application examples.
Rational Reinforcement utilizing Post-tensioning Anchorage Devices in Horizontal Force Adjustment for Closure Pour
Authors: Ono Shuhei , Matsunaga Hideaki , Toshinami Tatsuaki
Published: February 2021

One of the solutions for constructing the rigid structure of the multi-span prestressed concrete (PC) continuous box girder bridge with low-height piers is the horizontal force adjustment for closure pour that can improve the stress at the base of side piers. However, in order to apply a large horizontal force to the thin member of cross section, there is a problem that it requires much time to reinforce the force application part and jacking force application work. Therefore, the author devised a rational reinforcement of the force application part in concrete structure by using post- tensioning anchorage devices which were embedded as reinforcement materials. This newly proposed method was adopted in the construction of the Onahama Marine Bridge. In this paper, the rationalization of the force application and construction in the horizontal force adjustment for closure pour of this bridge is presented.
Formulated Tension Design for Post-tensioned Anchorage Zones and Relevant Equations in Chinese Concrete Bridge Design Code
Authors: Liu Zhao , He Zhiqi , Zhou Linyun
Published: February 2021

In post-tensioned concrete bridges, issues of the anchorage zone may occur due to high compressive stresses immediately ahead of the anchorage device and substantial tensile stresses normal to the tendon axis. The versatility of post-tensioned concrete zone still requires more researches to develop systematic and practical design procedures. Based on the compression dispersion model, unified expressions for the bursting stresses and bursting force are formulated. Compared with the bursting force expression in AASHTO highway bridge design specification, the proposed equation is more advantageous by taking the parameters of anchor force eccentricity and inclined angle into consideration. The research results have been adopted as specified equations for computing the tension effects of post-tensioned anchorage zones in the newly updated Chinese concrete bridge design code.
Refined Stress Check of Special Concrete Box Girder Bridges at Serviceability Limit State
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Dong
Published: February 2021

For shallow beams, stick models are frequently used to perform the stress check at serviceability limit state with the plane section assumption. However, the behaviour of specialprestressed concrete box girder bridges, such as multi-cell box and curved box girder bridges, is more complicated than shallow beams and does not comply with the plane section assumption exactly. As a result, the load distributions and spatial effects in the structure should be analysed clearly when doing the stress check at serviceability limit state. A proper spatial model called spatial grid model is used in this paper for the behaviour analysis of specialprestressed concrete box girders. Two examples are listedin this paper.In the last part, a refined stress check method based on plate elements is proposed to ensure the safety of specialthin-walled structures.
Prediction of Post-Earthquake Damage of Reinforced Concrete Highway Bridges
Authors: Abo-El-Ezz Ahmad , Nollet Marie-José , Nastev Miroslav
Published: February 2021

The prediction of earthquake damage to highway bridges is essential for informed decision on the post-earthquake bridge functionality. This paper presents a simplified method based on the development of fragility functions of typical reinforced concrete highway bridges and its validation. The concept of fragility functions represents a probabilistic relationship between the seismic intensity measure IM (e.g. spectral acceleration) and the degree of bridge damage. Median IMs of the fragility functions for the assumed damage states are developed using closed-form relationships based on the capacity spectrum method for seismic demand assessment. For each damage state, these relationships correlate the displacement threshold to the corresponding median IMs in terms of the input spectral acceleration at 1.0 sec. The simplified fragility assessment method was validated with dynamic analyses of an existing three span continuous girder reinforced concrete bridge in Quebec. The method revealed particularly useful for rapid vulnerability evaluation of a portfolio of bridges.‌
The Use of Crossing Stay Cables to Add Stability to Towers of Multi Span Cable Stayed Bridges
Authors: Jackson Chris
Published: February 2021

Cable stay bridges with more than two towers have a particular issue with the stability of the central tower or towers. This study explores the recent development of using stay cables that cross over in the mid- section of spans to stabilise the tower. This technique provides an exciting new way of adding stability to the towers. This study investigates how the technique could be expanded for used on future bridges.