bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating memory, historical remembrance and drama in Colombian schooling: Pedagogical and psychosocial implications
Authors: Arcila Jorge
Published: August 2016

This is a research study that explores the kind of pedagogical and psychosocial possibilities that collective remembrance, mediated by practices of drama in education, might offer to the work of memory. Under study is a drama-remembrance project that explores individual and historical memory in conjunction with critical remembrance through the classroom drama praxis. Assuming the school as a terrain within which a community of memory is possible, this research is concerned with educational experiences that facilitate the understanding of the ‘work of memory’. I am also situating drama praxis as an alternative performative form of remembrance. The hypothesis is that through drama framed as a performative practice of remembering, students can productively explore the work of memory; its functioning, implications and structures. I call this approach “Drama-Remembrance Praxis”, as it constitutes a particular application of theatre to the memory and remembrance framework.
Salud mental y transformaciones del mundo de la vida en un escenario de violencia política y social
Authors: Cardona Héctor , Sepúlveda Sandra , Angarita Adriana , Parada Arturo
Published: August 2016

Esta investigación se presenta con el objetivo de comprender la forma como la violencia política ha transformado en el mundo de la vida de la comunidad viotuna, las condiciones de salud mental, para lo cual desde la perspectiva cualitativa fenomenológica, se realizaron entrevistas a profundidad a miembros de la comunidad viotuna, que fueron elegidos como relatores claves y grupos focales de los sectores socialmente representativos. Los hallazgos indican que la violencia política genera una transformación importante no solo en el plano de la salud mental individual sino que igualmente desde lo comunitario ocasiona una ruptura en las redes de apoyo que impacta la idea subjetiva de bienestar, con lo cual el mundo de la vida idealizado, queda marcado intergeneracionalmente con signos de temor, soledad, rabia y necesidad de venganza
Cambios en la calidad de vida en pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico severo después de un programa de rehabilitación
Authors: González Diana , Giraldo Carolina , Ramírez Diana , Quijano María
Published: August 2016

La Calidad de Vida (CV) se considera como el bienestar subjetivo percibido por cada persona de su realidad, en diferentes aspectos como el biológico, psicológico y social. En el contexto de la salud, refleja una visión subjetiva del paciente de su enfermedad, el tratamiento y el impacto que estos tienen en su vida. El objetivo del presente estudio, fue identificar los cambios en la CV de pacientes con trauma craneoencefálico (TCE) severo, con alteraciones atencionales que asistieron a un Programa de Rehabilitación Neuropsicológica. Se realizó un estudio de caso con tres sujetos, dos hombres y una mujer, con una media de 28 años de edad, escolaridad promedio de 9.3 años, sin antecedentes psiquiátricos o neurológicos previos a la lesión. Se incluyeron pacientes con antecedente de TCE severo, con Glasgow menor o igual a ocho, con seis meses de evolución y con un desempeño deficitario en tareas de atención. Para la valoración de la CV se aplicó un cuestionario antes y después del programa, con el propósito de identificar los cambios cognitivos, emocionales y sociales presentados por los pacientes. El análisis cualitativo muestra cambios positivos en las tres dimensiones de CV valoradas. Los hallazgos sugieren que los programas de rehabilitación pueden mejorar la CV de los pacientes con TCE. La evaluación de la CV proporciona evidencia cualitativa de las experiencias subjetivas después del TCE, que facilita el establecimiento de los objetivos de intervención y la comprensión de los efectos del tratamiento.
Funcionalidad familiar, conductas externalizadas y rendimiento académico en un grupo de adolescentes de la ciudad de Bogotá
Authors: Moreno Jaime , Chauta Laura
Published: August 2016

El presente trabajo investigativo tuvo como objetivo describir la asociación entre la funcionalidad familiar, las conductas externalizadas y el rendimiento académico en un grupo de adolescentes de un colegio distrital de la localidad de Usaquén de la ciudad de Bogotá. El estudio fue de corte empírico-analítico de tipo descriptivo y un método de asociación, empleando como instrumentos la lista de chequeo de la conducta infantil de Achenbach y Edelbrock, los tres cuestionarios, el de autorreporte (YSR), el cuestionario de padres (CBCL) y el cuestionario de profesores (TRF), el APGAR familiar y el boletín académico. Los participantes fueron adolescentes entre 12 y 16 años de edad, sus respectivos padres y profesores. Dentro de los resultados encontrados se estableció que la mayoría de los adolescentes reportan una disfunción familiar moderada y un rendimiento académico medio. Igualmente se encontró que la mayoría de ellos no presenta conductas externalizadas aunque hay un porcentaje de ellos que sí las presenta, especialmente según lo reportado por los profesores
Redes de iguales y acoso escolar: evaluación desde el análisis de redes sociales
Authors: Ávila-Toscano José Hernando , Marenco-Escuderos Ailed Daniela , Tilano Osorio María Angélica
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de este estudio consistió en identificar las características de las redes sociales de 320 estudiantes de secundaria implicados en conductas de acoso, con el fin de observar posibles diferencias en la estructura de sus relaciones de acuerdo a los roles asumidos (observador, agresor, víctima, agresor-víctima). Mediante un diseño ex post facto se analizaron las propiedades de las redes de acuerdo a los indicadores de centralidad de grado, cercanía e intermediación; la comparación de estas propiedades se cumplió mediante pruebas no paramétricas de diferencias entre grupos. Los resultados indican rendimientos similares de las características de las redes indistintamente del rol asumido; se observó un número amplio de agresores-víctimas como actores centrales en las redes al igual que víctimas con posiciones sociales importantes.
Análisis psicométrico preliminar de la escala de timidez revisada de Check y Buss en adolescentes y jóvenes peruanos
Authors: Caycho Rodríguez Tomás
Published: August 2016

El artículo describe un análisis psicométrico de la Escala de Timidez Revisada de de Check, J. M. y Buss, A. H., integrada por 11 ítems de tipo likert con cinco alternativas. La escala se administró a 400 estudiantes, hombres y mujeres, de 16 a 25 años de edad de universidades particulares y nacionales de Lima. El análisis de correlación ítem-test encontró asociaciones altamente significativas (p<.001) para cada uno de los reactivos, indicando que los reactivos evalúan indicadores de un mismo constructo. La Escala de Timidez presenta elevada consistencia interna (a de Cronbach=.842). La validez de constructo se estableció mediante Análisis Factorial, en donde el análisis de componentes principales y la rotación ortogonal (Varimax) extrajeron dos factores identificados como: 1.Inadecuación de relaciones interpersonales y 2. Evitación de contacto social.
Calidad de vida relacionada con la salud infantil: una aproximación desde la enfermedad crónica
Authors: Quiceno Japcy Margarita , Vinaccia Stefano
Published: August 2016

El propósito de este estudio es presentar una aproximación sobre el constructo calidad de vida relacionada con la salud infantil. Para estose menciona el desarrollo histórico del concepto de calidad de vida hasta llegar al constructo cvrs en niños y adolescentes, retomando losinstrumentos de medida que han sido adaptados y validados para evaluar la CVRSI en idioma español en muestras poblacionales de niños conalguna patología y los dominios que lo conforman, enfatizándose un modelo conceptual que describe las dimensiones y factores asociadoscon la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en las etapas de la niñez a la adolescencia para luego describir las temáticas que recientementese han estudiado en el área. Por último, se plantea la necesidad del desarrollo de más investigaciones, especialmente en América Latinaabordados desde las ciencias sociales, ya que la investigación ha estado focalizada en el ámbito de la medicina pediátrica con énfasis en lasmanifestaciones físicas.
Evaluación preliminar de un programa para parejas no casadas que han presentado malos tratos
Authors: Rey Anacona César Armando , Martínez Gómez Jorge Arturo , Villate Hernández Lizeth Maritza , González Blanco Cindy Patricia , Cárdenas Vallejo Diana Carolina
Published: August 2016

El objetivo de esta investigación fue efectuar una evaluación preliminar de un programa de tratamiento dirigido a parejas jóvenes no casadas quehan presentado malos tratos en su relación, el cual contemplaba el mejoramiento de las habilidades de comunicación, empatía y manejo de la ira, entre otros componentes implementados desde el enfoque de terapia y modificación del comportamiento. Se utilizó un diseño pretest-postest de un solo grupo, con la participación de cuatro parejas heterosexuales entre 17 y 22 años de edad (X = 20 años; DX = 1,89 años). Los efectos se evaluaron a través del staxi ii, el aspa (Cuestionario de Aserción en la Pareja), una escala de actitudes hacia la violencia íntima, un cuestionario de satisfacción con el programa y una lista de chequeo de experiencias de maltrato en la pareja. Los resultados evidenciaron decrementos postratamiento significativos en la frecuencia de malos tratos, en la ira como estado y en las actitudes hacia la violencia, así como una buena satisfacción con el programa. Se proponen ajustes en los contenidos del mismo, de cara a la realización de un ensayo clínico controlado.
Efecto de una intervención cognitivo conductual en el conflicto marital por infidelidad
Authors: Pérez Baquero Carol Andrea , Ruiz Santos Ruth Piedad , Parra Ocampo Claudia Isabel
Published: August 2016

Este artículo presenta el efecto de una intervención cognitivo conductual en el conflicto marital por infidelidad siguiendo las etapas propuestas por Baucom, Snyder y Gordon (2009). Estudio de caso intrasujeto AB con seguimiento, que se realizó con muestra de cinco parejas. Se aplicó el Inventario de Necesidades de Pareja de Castro (1994) adaptado por Parra (2005) y la Escala de Dificultades de Regulación Emocional deGratz y Roemer (2004), antes y después de la intervención; se evidenciaron cambios significativos. Semanalmente se aplicaron dos autorregistros (frecuencia de interacciones positivas y frecuencia de discusiones sobre la infidelidad). Los resultados de estos, se analizaron mediante inspección visual, encontrándose un aumento significativo en las interacciones positivas de tres parejas y una disminución significativa en la frecuencia de las discusiones en todas las parejas.
Intervención motivacional en psicología de la salud: revisión de sus fundamentos conceptuales, definición, evolución y estado actual
Authors: Flórez-Alarcón Luis , Vélez-Botero Helena , Rojas-Russell Mario Enrique
Published: August 2016

Se presenta una conceptualización acerca de la Intervención Motivacional basada en el análisis de los acontecimientos propios del Proceso Motivacional y se mencionan algunas microteorías motivacionales que proponen diversos constructos hipotéticos y variables intermediarias que explican el curso que sigue la conducta saludable en el estilo de vida de las personas, conformando lo que se considera como una Dimensión Psicológica de la Promoción y de la Prevención en Salud. Se hace un intento de definición de la Intervención Motivacional y se propone un modelo de Formulación Motivacional para darle contexto y fundamento. Se describen los temas a los que se ha aplicado la Intervención Motivacional a lo largo de la existencia formal y sistemática de este concepto, y los temas de análisis teórico y metodológico actuales, para lo cual se toman los reportes que incluyen ambos términos (Motivational, & Intervention) en los resúmenes de publicaciones indizadas en la base de datos Medline, en el período 1991-2013.
Multicultural evidence-based assessment using the achenbach system of empirically based assessment (ASEBA) for ages 1½-90+
Authors: Achenbach Thomas
Published: August 2016

Evidence-based assessment is a prerequisite for evidence-based mental health services. This article reviews the development, components, and multicultural applications of the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA). The ASEBA includes standardized forms for obtaining self- and collateral-reports of evidence for behavioral, emotional, social, and thought problems and strengths. The problems are scored on empirically based syndromes and DSM-oriented scales. The syndromes have been supported by confirmatory factor analyses of ASEBA data from 54 societies. The strengths are scored on competence, adaptive functioning, and personal strengths scales. Translations of ASEBA forms are available in more than 100 languages. Reports of the ASEBA’s use have been published for more than 100 societies and cultural groups. Multicultural norms incorporate data from population samples in 54 societies. ASEBA software enables users to systematically compare data from self- and informant-reports regarding the person being assessed. The Multicultural Family Assessment Module (MFAM) compares scores for children and their parents in relation to norms for age, gender, the type of informant, and user-selected societies. Standardized multicultural evidence-based assessment facilitates communication and collaboration between mental health providers and researchers around the world.
Relación entre ansiedad, desempeño y riesgo de deserción en aspirantes a bachillerato
Authors: Hernández-Pozo María del Rocío , Ramírez-Guerrero Noemí , López-Cárdenas Sonia Verónica , Macías-Martínez Daniel
Published: August 2016

El propósito de la presente investigación fue explorar la relación entre las calificaciones académicas de los estudiantes con su tendencia apresentar conductas emocionales de ansiedad en el ámbito escolar mediante un estudio empírico descriptivo transversal. Adicionalmente seexploró la relación de esas dos variables con la probabilidad de fracaso escolar. Participaron 385 estudiantes de secundaria, que aspirabana ingresar al bachillerato en una escuela pública. El rendimiento académico se evaluó a partir del promedio de secundaria, así como deuna prueba de admisión. La probabilidad de deserción escolar se evaluó mediante una prueba de autorreporte (Hernández-Pozo, 2005).Adicionalmente se empleó una tarea computarizada basada en la versión emocional del paradigma de Stroop para medir la tendencia a laansiedad escolar (Hernández-Pozo, Macías-Martínez, & Torres-Chávez, 2004). Se encontró que los estudiantes con las calificaciones más altasen la prueba de admisión, con mejores promedios en secundaria o con menor riesgo de deserción, difirieron de sus contrapartes en cuantoa los índices de interferencia de la prueba Stroop. Se concluye que la prueba emocional Stroop es un instrumento que refleja de maneraordenada el riesgo a la deserción escolar y el perfil académico de los aspirantes al bachillerato.
Relaciones entre gratitud y felicidad en estudiantes universitarios de Lima metropolitana
Authors: Alarcón Reynaldo , Caycho Rodríguez Tomás
Published: August 2016

Se analiza la probable relación entre gratitud, medida por la Escala de gratitud desarrollada por Alarcón y la felicidad, medida por la Escala defelicidad de Lima, ambas desarrolladas por el mismo autor. El estudio es de tipo sustantivo, con un diseño transeccional causal predictivo enel que participaron 300 personas, 147 varones y 153 mujeres, con edades entre 20 y 30 años, que se encuentran estudiando en universidadespúblicas y privadas de Lima Metropolitana. Entre los principales resultados observamos que los factores de la gratitud, reciprocidad y obligaciónmoral correlacionan positiva y significativamente con la felicidad (r = .294, p < .01; r = .293, p < .01), así como con los factores sentidopositivo de la vida, satisfacción con la vida y realización personal de la Escala de felicidad. El agradecer el beneficio recibido y la satisfacciónque esto conlleva tiende a estar relacionado con actitudes y experiencias positivas hacia la vida, satisfacción por lo que se ha alcanzado y laautosuficiencia y tranquilidad emocional. Cualidad sentimental se relaciona positiva y significativamente con la felicidad (r = .218, p < .05)y con satisfacción con la vida. Entre la gratitud y la felicidad no se observan diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre varones y mujeres. Para determinar cuál o cuáles de los factores de la gratitud predicen mejor la felicidad, se ha realizado un análisis de regresión múltiple, identificando que la variable reciprocidad explica el 8.7 % de la varianza total de la variable felicidad. En conclusión, se observa que gratitud y felicidad correlacionan positiva y significativamente (r=.318, p < .01).
Psychometric properties of the attitudes toward gay men scale in Argentinian context: the influence of sex, authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation
Authors: Etchezahar Edgardo , Ungaretti Joaquín , Prado Gascó Vicente , Brusino Silvina
Published: August 2016

Even though prejudice toward male homosexuality is one of the main reasons for discrimination in Argentina, there is no valid measure to assess it. The aim of this study was to analyze the psychometric properties of the Attitudes Toward Gay Men Scale (ATG) and to examine the influence of sex, right wing authoritarianism, and social dominance orientation on anti-gay attitudes. Data were collected with a convenience sample of 436 undergraduate students from University of Buenos Aires. Analysis of the data showed adequate psychometric properties for the ATG Scale and the moderating effect of sex, right wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation on anti-gay attitudes. Implications of these findings were discussed.
Metereological conditions and psychiatric emergency visits in Messina, Italy
Authors: Settineri Salvatore , Mucciardi Massimo , Leonardi Valentina , Schlesinger Stefan , Gioffrè Florio Mara , Famà Fausto , Muscatello Maria Anna , Mento Carmela
Published: August 2016

Objective: The aim of this study is to examine the association between psychiatric disease, climatic and seasonal factors in patients recorded to the Emergency Unit, in Messina Hospital (Italy). Method: A total of 6565 psychiatric patients were recorded to the Emergency Unit in Messina from January 2005 and December 2010. Each psychiatric visit in emergency, was categorized by date of appearance and admitting diagnosis according to diagnostic categories: Anxiety, Mood Disorders and Psychosis. Local weather data were obtained from the Metereological Instituted “Aereonautica Militare” station in Messina, Sicily, In addition, to gathering data on the state of the sky, temperature, atmosphericpressure with the normalized value at sea level, relative humidity, rainfall, wind direction and speed, the station is connected to a buoy located on the eastern sector of Tyrrhenian Sea. Results: In anxiety disorders we have found relevant results comparison between winter and spring (p=.007) and spring and fall (p=.001). In affective disorders the differences occur in relation to winter and fall (p=.002), spring and fall (p=001), spring and summer (p=002). The psychotic disorder presents significant differences between summer and fall (p=.001) and spring and fall (p=.002). Conclusions: We can observe a similarity of affective disorders, i.e. anxiety and mood disorders compared to psychosis, which have different influences and probably according to dissimilar etiopathogenetic ways. In our research, the distribution of anxiety disorders is higher than depressive disorders in terms of delivering emergency room visits. The major differences occur comparing spring and fall, the seasons when all pathological classes have significant differences. It follows that the most abrupt climate change, typical of these seasons, as a whole, cause psychopathological emergencies. The study is important for planning a more effective assistance for patients needing psychiatric support.
Perceived parenting style and self-perception in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Molina Maria Fernanda
Published: August 2016

Background: there is a growing interest in the study of the self-perceptions of children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and the bias in their self-concept. Goal: to explore how ADHD children’s perception of parenting style predicts their self-perception and the bias in self-concept. Method: Participants: children between 7 and 13 years old diagnosed with ADHD, children assisting to psychotherapy without an ADHD diagnose, and children not assisting to psychotherapy. It also participated one of their parents. Data analysis: It was used simple logistic regressions. Groups were studied separately. Results: maternal pathological control was the main predictor of ADHD children’s positive self-perceptions and bias. In the comparison groups it predicts negative self-perceptions. Results are discussed in the light of self-protection hypothesis.
Affective control and life satisfaction in thalassemics
Authors: Mento Carmela , Piraino Basilia , Rizzo Amelia , Vento Roberta , Rigoli Luciana , Moschella Emanuela , Salpietro Carmelo , Settineri Salvatore
Published: August 2016

Background. Thalassemia is a chronic disease that can lead to an impact on psychological functioning and social behavior of patients. However, still little is known about the specific psychological aspects of the disease, such as the degree of tension, life satisfaction and affective control, especially in adult patients.Aim. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether patients with thalassemia have specific psychological pattern relating to the dimensions of tension, satisfaction and quality of life, management of affection.Method. We evaluated 31 patients with thalassemia major and intermedia (19 women and 12 men) aged between 18 and 50 years (M = 34 + 16), belonging to the Complex Unit of Medical Genetics. For the evaluation were used the Profile of Mood States (POMS), the Quality of Life Enjoyment and Satisfaction Questionnaire (Q-LES-Q) and the Rorschach test.Results. The findings show an inverse relationship between the levels of self-reported tension and the affective control indicators at Rorschach. Life satisfaction, instead, seems to vary according to the severity of the disease - major vs. intermediate - and the type of therapy.Conclusions. An understanding of the psychological mechanisms involved in thalassemia, both self-reported and projective, can contribute to a wider patient take-over, by considering the subjective aspects related to the psychological and socio-emotional well-being, fundamental in the care compliance.
Prevalence of depression among undergraduate students: gender and age differences
Authors: Ghaedi Leila , Mohd Kosnin Azlina binti
Published: August 2016

Depressive disorders are the most typical disease affecting many different factors of humanity. University students may be at increased risk of depression owing to the pressure and stress they encounter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is comparing the level of depression among male and female athletes and non-athletes undergraduate student of private university in Esfahan, Iran. The participants in this research are composed of 400 male and female athletes as well as no-athletes Iranian undergraduate students. The Beck depression test (BDI) was employed to measure the degree of depression. T-test was used to evaluate the distinction between athletes and non-athletes at P≤0.05. The ANOVA was conducted to examine whether there was a relationship between level of depression among non-athletes and athletes. The result showed that the prevalence rate of depression among non-athlete male undergraduate students is significantly higher than that of athlete male students. The results also presented that level of depression among female students is much more frequent compared to males. This can be due to the fatigue and lack of energy that are more frequent among female in comparison to the male students. Physical activity was negatively related to the level of depression by severity among male and female undergraduate students. However, there is no distinct relationship between physical activity and level of depression according to the age of athlete and non-athlete male and female undergraduate students. This study has essential implications for clinical psychology due to the relationship between physical activity and prevalence of depression.
Vínculo afectivo en pares y cognición social en la infancia intermedia
Authors: Urrego Betancourt Yaneth , Restrepo Juan Guillermo , Pinzon Stephan , Acosta Johanna , Diaz Mariana , Bonilla Claudia
Published: August 2016

Objetivo: determinar la relación entre las conductas de apego en pares y el nivel de cognición social en niños de 8 a 10 años de edad, de un colegio público de la ciudad de Bogotá, Colombia. El apego en pares ha sido estudiado principalmente en la adolescencia y en la adultez; pero existen pocos estudios en la infancia tardía. Tipo de Estudio: Cuantitativo correlacional de corte transversal, Participantes: 60 niños, de familia biparental y con al menos 1 hermano. Instrumentos: People In My Life y el Stroop Facial y Verbal. Resultados: De acuerdo al análisis estadístico no se encontró relación entre el apego en pares y cognición social. No obstante, existe una fuerte relación entre el apego en padres y pares, y en la ejecución del reconocimiento de expresiones faciales, tanto en adultos como en niños. Se sugiere el uso de instrumentos que asocien el apego y la expresión facial en situaciones complejas y, el diseño e implementación de programas de prevención y promoción para fortalecer los niveles de apego hacia los padres, desde etapas muy tempranas en la infancia.
Relation between organizational climate and its dimensions and knowledge-sharing behavior among knowledge workers
Authors: Villamizar Reyes Milena Margarita , Castañeda Zapata Delio Ignacio
Published: August 2016

This study aimed at identifying the relation of organizational climate and its dimensions from the PMCO measuring test for organizational climate (Cardenas & Villamizar, 2008, as cited in Cardenas, Arciniegas y Barrera, 2009) - in knowledge-sharing behavior, which was measured from the psychosocial variables and organizational conditions of knowledge-sharing behavior test (Castañeda y Fernandez, 2007). 100 participants from two types of organizations participated on this study: one of private nature and one public. A correlation of 0.578 between organizational climate and knowledge-sharing behavior was found. When carrying out an analysis of each organization, it was evident that the level of correlation between climate and knowledge-sharing behavior was highly significant in the public organization: There was a reliability level higher to 99%. There was no correlation found between the two variables studied in the private organization -with an r of 0.093 to 95%. As for the dimensions of climate and knowledge-sharing behavior, the results showed that in all public universities (including level of work, which got the lowest relation) these are statistically significant to 99.9%. In the private university only a relation to the personal growth dimension of 95% was found.
Pathologization and depathologization of the “free worker” in terms of the psycho-social risk
Authors: Pulido Martínez Hernan Camilo , Carvajal Marin Luz Mery
Published: August 2016

Recently, there have been a series of transformations in the configuration of the “psi complex” at work (Ingleby, 1985; Rose, 1985). From being concerned with aspects of the workers’ health in mainstream psychology, there has been a shift towards looking into the existing relationship between health, work, and psychology, in which a series of perspectives that prescribe work as risk, and the risks of work as psychosocial problems, have become a main concern. In this interplay between those psychological perspectives, new processes of pathologization and dephatologization of work and workers are produced. Taking as a point of departure the fiction of the "free worker" as the figure of subjectivity that conventional psychology takes for itself, this article aims at discussing three ways in which “psi complex” is recomposed to constitute the healthy worker according to the radical changes taking place in labour organization.
Psychosocial adolescent psychosocial adjustment in Brazil – perception of parenting style, stressful events and violence
Authors: Da Cruz Benetti Silvia Pereira , Schwartz Cristian , Roth Soares Glaucia , Macarena Francis , Pascoal Pattussi Marco
Published: August 2016

The objective of this study was to investigate the association between measures of exposure to violence, stressful events, family socialization practices, and demographic characteristics in a group of adolescents from a Southern region of Brazil. Three hundred adolescents were investigated in a case-control study. The results showed that adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems had significant higher stressful events, violence exposure, and negative parental practices, compared with controls. However, exposure to violence was the most deteriorating condition associated with the adolescents’ clinical internalization and externalization behaviors. Findings suggest the benefit of targeting actions geared to strengthen the quality of family interactions as well as to implement preventive programs to reduce community violence impact and to enhance support in the community.
The effect of occupational meaningfulness on occupational commitment
Authors: Ivtzan Itai , Sorensen Emily , Halonen Susanna
Published: August 2016

Existing research lacks a scholarly consensus on how to define and validly measure ‘meaningful work’ (e.g., Rosso, Dekas & Wrzesniewski, 2010). The following correlational study highlights the value of investigating meaningfulness in the context of occupational commitment. The study hypothesizes that occupational commitment is positively correlated with occupational meaningfulness, where meaningfulness is defined as the extent to which people’s occupations contribute to personal meaning in life. One-hundred and fifty-six full-time office based UK workers completed an online questionnaire including 18 questions measuring levels of occupational commitment (Meyer, Allen & Smith, 1993), in addition to six novel items measuring occupational meaningfulness. The results supported the hypothesis and also showed that the affective sub-type of occupational commitment had the highest correlation with occupational meaningfulness. Such results exhibit the importance of finding meaning at work, as well as the relevance of this to one’s level of commitment to his or her job. This paper argues that individuals should consider OM before choosing to take a specific role, whereas organizations ought to consider the OM of their potential candidates before recruiting them into a role. Possible directions for future research directions are also discussed.
Study about the emotional valence of environmental concepts using affective priming technique
Authors: Sánchez Miranda Martha Patricia , De la Garza González Arturo , Rangel Sandoval María Lilia
Published: August 2016

A quasi-experimental study was conducted with the affective priming technique in 62 students of psychology of a Mexican public university in order to determine if this paradigm is able to detect differences in emotional valence using related words to the natural and urban environments, when these are presented as congruent and incongruent primings to the target words. The findings suggest that exist two groups within the same sample by the kind of response to the positive priming of the nature, but it did not show the difference of the city assessment. It also shows an unexpected evaluation to the negative priminig of the city. Possible explanations to the phenomenon are discussed and the findings are compared with others researchers reports
Study about ICT skills in junior high school teachers under Mexico’s educational reform
Authors: Burrola Vásquez Maribel , Vera Noriega José Ángel
Published: August 2016

This study sought to identify the management that junior high school teacher in Mexico gives to Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) as well as their attitudes and uses of digital devices, particularly in the framework of secondary school reform, using an instrument based on the ICT Competency Standards for Teachers (UNESCO, 2008), led to 350 teachers in four municipalities of Nuevo Leon, Mexico selected through random sampling for a confidence level of 95 to 5 error and probability .05, of a universe of the metropolitan area of Monterrey. The results indicate that when digital communication is more used, it is more likely also its integration in in the classroom. At the end, it was found the level of ICT knowledge of teachers in an instrumental phase as well, which should lead to change teaching practice and public policy in this area.
Alexithymia slows performance but preserves spontaneous semantic decoding of negative expressions in the emostroop task
Authors: K. Hsing Courtney , J. HofelichMohr Alicia , Stansfield R. Brent , D. Preston Stephanie
Published: August 2016

Alexithymia is a multifaceted personality construct related to deficits in the recognition and verbalization of emotions. It is uncertain what causes alexithymia or which stage of emotion processing is first affected. The current study was designed to determine if trait alexithymia was associated with impaired early semantic decoding of facial emotion. Participants performed the Emostroop task, which varied the presentation time of faces depicting neutral, angry, or sad expressions before the classification of angry or sad adjectives. The Emostroop effect was replicated, represented by slowed responses when the classified word was incongruent with the background facial emotion. Individuals with high alexithymia were slower overall across all trials, particularly when classifying sad adjectives; however, they did not differ on the basic Emostroop effect. Our results suggest that alexithymia does not stem from lower-level problems detecting and categorizing others’ facial emotions. Moreover, their impairment does not appear to extend uniformly across negative emotions and is not specific to angry or threatening stimuli as previously reported, at least during early processing. Almost in contrast to the expected impairment, individuals with high alexithymia and lower verbal IQ scores had even more pronounced Emostroop effects, especially when the face was displayed longer.To better understand the nature of alexithymia, future research needs to further disentangle the precise phase of emotion processing and forms of affect most affected in this relatively common condition
Probables interacciones entre el receptor de oxitocina (OXTR) y genes candidatos asociados a la psicopatía
Authors: Cuartas Arias Jorge Mauricio , López Jaramillo Carlos Alberto
Published: August 2016

La psicopatía es el resultado de una compleja interacción de factores biológicos y ambientales, ambos participan en la expresión final del fenotipo y pueden modular la variación en inicio, deterioro y severidad; sin embargo, hasta ahora no se han logrado determinar vías moleculares circunscritas y su interacción con los factores ambientales que modelen su expresión. No obstante, más allá de los avances en la evaluación diagnóstica, hay dificultades en la construcción de un modelo neurobiológico que contribuya a discriminar la conducta antisocial. Por lo tanto, explorar los mecanismos genético-moleculares, bioquímicos y hormonales implicados en las diferentes vías neurofisiológicas moduladas por genes candidatos, podría contribuir significativamente en determinar cómo los hallazgos neurobiológicos impactan las diferencias individuales en la expresión de la psicopatía. Este artículo tiene el propósito de profundizar en aquellos mecanismos neurobiológicos que subyacen a la psicopatía a partir de la expresión y regulación del sistema oxitocinérgico.
Artistic activities and creativity in argentinian school-age children
Authors: Krumm Gabriela , Lemos Viviana
Published: August 2016

This work intended to assess whether performing artistic activities influence Creativity. To this end, 301 children aged 8-14 years were assessed. Creativity was studied from a multicomponent assessment, by means of diverse techniques (i.e., sociograms, tests and scales) and different informants (i.e., peers, parents and the child himself/herself). The results consistently indicated that children who perform artistic activities obtained higher scores in Creativity assessed by: the creation of drawings (figural test of the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking), parental assessment and the child’s creative personality self-assessment (Creative personality scale hetero and auto-evaluation version, Garaigordobil, 2004) and peer assessment (Garaigordobil’s Sociogram “Creative peer”, 2004).
Psychoactive substance use and crime: analysis of the relationship between age of onset and recidivism
Authors: Rodríguez Díaz Francisco Javier , Bringas Molleda Carolina , Moral Jiménez María De La Villa , Pérez Sánchez Beatriz , Estrada Pineda Cristina
Published: August 2016

The entail between behavior transgressor and consumption of psychoactive substances has been studied in different investigations by the aim to establish a possible causal relation, without up to the date it has come near to definitive conclusions. The aim that we appear in this study is to know the age of beginning to the consumption of some substances, both legal and illegal, inside a penitentiary sample, dividing this one for the number of penitentiary income. There took part 157 prisoners of Villabona'sprision (Asturias), of ages that they include from the 19 at the age of 49, being only women 5,1 %. The number of income in prison has qualified in two groups: Primary (an alone entry in the jail) and recidivism (two ó more income). The analysis of survival realized by means of the procedure Kaplan-Meier, it offers significant differences in the age of beginning of the consumption in some of the considered substances, highlighting the importance of the precocious beginning in the consumption for the backslider prisoner population.
Pre-, peri- and postnatal risk factors associated with gender in children with autism
Authors: Lara Correa Dary Luz , Utria Rodríguez Oscar , Ávila-Toscano José Hernando
Published: August 2016

This study was undertaken in order to identify the relationship between gender of children with autism and risk factors before/during pregnancy and childbirth. An analysis of 66 clinical records was divided into two groups defined by gender of children diagnosed with autism in Bogotá (Colombia). The data were collected with the Maternal Perinatal Risk Questionnaire and analyzed with Pearson Chi square. The most significant risks associated with gender in the minors were voluntary abortions, maternal difficulties in a previous pregnancy, surgery during pregnancy, conflicting parental relationships, demanding physical and cognitive activity, consumption of drugs in the mother, duration of pregnancy and birth weight. Among men there was as many prenatal factors while among girls had an enrollment over perinatal factors (before and during labor) and psychosocial.
Personal factors that influence the development of resilience in children aged between 7 and 12 years to develop in extreme poverty
Authors: Rodríguez Betancourt Hernán Yair , Guzmán Verbel Laura , Yela Solano Nataly Del Pilar
Published: August 2016

The following investigation was realized with the objective to characterize the personal factors that influence in the development of resilience in 200 children aged between 7 and 12 years in families linked to the program Red UNIDOS in the city of Ibague, for this was applied the inventory of resiliency factors proposed by Salgado (2005), which evaluate the level of self-esteem, empathy, autonomy, humor and creativity. The results show that the sample is in the middle of the factors evaluated (61%) and that 69% did not face adequately the adversity. We conclude that adult significant training children require psycho-afective formation to enable them to generate environments based on the self awareness of their children. Is proposed to design a training program for parents to incorporate into their speeches and actions positive representations on their children, so that achieving self-assertive and enable them to develop the ability to overcome adversity.
Economy, psychology and stock investment: analysis of variables that participate in the process of decision making
Authors: Pascual Ezama David , Gil-Gómez De Liaño Beatriz , Scandroglio Barbara
Published: August 2016

The ININBE questionnaire has been recently validated in order to measure the variables that affect individual investor behavior in stock exchange. The lack of information about the methodology, items selection and psychometric properties of the instruments used in other researches has shown the necessary to elaborate and validate a questionnaire. In the present work we have applied the ININBE questionnaire to 257 individual investors. We have found interesting results about the relationship between the “psychological” and “economical” variables with individual investor’s characteristics.
Perceived similarity and acculturation attitudes of native and inmigrants
Authors: Rojas Tejada Antonio J. , Sayans-Jiménez Pablo , Navas Luque Marisol
Published: August 2016

The aim of the work is to evaluate if there are differences in similarity perceived depending on the acculturation option of natives and immigrant. It will also be taken into account the Relative Acculturation Extended Model (RAEM) socio-cultural domains (public and private). This study involved two samples of Spaniards (499 Spaniards rating Romanians group, and 493 Spaniards rating Ecuadorians group) selected by polietapic sampling. The minority group comprised 500 Romanians and 475 Ecuadorians selected by incidental sampling. All participants, Spaniards and immigrants, were residents in 12 municipalities in four autonomous regions in the Mediterranean (Spain) with high rates of immigration. All the samples completed a questionnaire with RAEM acculturation indicators (both public and private domains). They completed a perceived similarity test as well. The results show differences in acculturation-preferred options for both public and private domains in all the samples. In the same way, differences between perceived similarities of the samples, depending on the attitudes of acculturation, were found. In future research it should be attended also to variables as the group identification as moderating of the intergroup processes.
Resilience and burnout syndrome in nursing students and its relationship with sociodemographic variables and interpersonal relationship
Authors: Ríos Rísquez Maria Isabel , Carrillo Garcia César , Sabuco Tebar Emiliana De Los Angeles
Published: August 2016

The aim of this research was to determine resilience and burnout levels among nursing students, and to analyze the relationship between these two variables and the sociodemographic profile of the sample. This sample was composed of 218 second grade nursing students belonging to the University of Murcia. Three instruments were used: an ad hoc questionnaire which included sociodemographic and relationship with peers and teachers questions, a Spanish adaptation of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC). The results showed a high level of emotional exhaustion in 28% of the sample, and a high level of cynicism in 19.7%. In addition, the data support the relationship between resilience and burnout in the sample of students analyzed (r Resilience-emotional fatigue = -0.25, r-Realization Personal Resilience / efficiency = 0.52). In conclusion of the study, we emphasize that students who showed a higher level of resilience experienced less emotional exhaustion and greater personal accomplishment. Similarly, the quality of relationship with teachers was associated with a higher presence of burnout syndrome.
Casual spectators and die-hard fans’ reactions to their team defeat: A look at the role of territorial identification in elite French rugby
Authors: Bermache-Assollant Iouri , Laurin Raphael
Published: August 2016

This research investigated the role of two foci of identification (team and territory) on identity management strategies used by sport followers in the particular context of elite French rugby union. In study 1 which dealt with casual spectators (N = 153), the results corroborated numerous studies conducted in the North-American context and showed that team identification constitutes a strong driver for offensive and loyalty reactions. In study 2 which dealt with die-hard fans (N = 64), it appeared that team identification seems to be the best predictor of team loyalty strategy whereas territorial identification seems to be the first predictor of offensive strategies. Taken together, the studies showed the importance of considering the specific context in which sport fanship takes place.
Impacts of free market and US foreign policy on Colombian and Latin American revolution
Authors: Chomsky Noam
Published: August 2016

After several coups assisted by US agencies since the fifties in Latin America, and deep economic crises in the eighties and the nineties in South America explained by “the rule of markets” enforced by multilateral organizations, the US leadership in the Americas has been lost, and democratic countries have turned against neoliberalism with wide popular support inside a new “South American revolution” with important projects of integration. Colombia has become the capital in South America for US leadership in economics and politics, and the only country that still has guerrillas, paramilitary armies, and internal conflict. What has been the role of the US in Colombian conflict? What is in stake with the new peace process in Colombia? How this process will affect the US leadership in Latin America? These are some questions that will be reviewed by Noam Chomsky, one of the most influential thinkers of our times.
Jóvenes en la encrucijada de los nuevos tiempos. Una mirada a sus prácticas y consumos culturales
Authors: Pérez Escalona Yulianne , Castro Villa Wilfredo Manuel
Published: August 2016

La incesante multiplicación tecnológica y su penetración en todos los intersticios de la vida cotidiana debe ser punto de constante atención. Por lo que resulta necesario contribuir a la comprensión y explicación de cómo el mundo digital y las tecnologías inciden en los jóvenes, lo que da motivo a transformaciones socioculturales, fundamentalmente en sus prácticas y consumo. Se propone indagar en las prácticas y consumos culturales de los jóvenes de la Facultad de Ciencias Informáticas de la Universidad de Granma, de manera que esta investigación, sirva de diagnóstico para conocer cómo se manifiesta este fenómeno en dicho contexto.