bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN INHERENTLY SAFER LAYOUT DESIGN FOR THE LIQUEFACTION PROCESS OF AN FLNG PLANT
Authors: Baalisampang T , Khan F , Garaniya V , Chai S , Abbassi R
Published: December 2021

Floating Liquefied Natural Gas (FLNG) facilities have limited space available and a high possibility of accidents occurring. The severity of consequences requires an inherently safer layout design. Scope of the liquefaction process requires to determine the size of utilities, operating costs, the deck area and the number of LNG trains. The layout of the liquefaction process plays a key role in defining operational and economical safety of the whole FLNG plant. The present study focuses on developing a novel methodology to design an inherently and optimally safer layout for the generic multi-deck liquefaction process of an FLNG plant. The integrated inherent safety principle is applied at the early phases of the layout design considering inherent safety and cost indices in three different layout options, and for the final design the most optimal option was selected. The proven indexing approach quantified the associated risks in all units. Safety measures were undertaken to eliminate or reduce the risk to an acceptable level. The results showed that the economic losses due to domino effects were limited by an improved layout design and passive control strategies. This study only dealt with evaluation and analysis of critical units of the plant due to a lack of detailed information at the early phase of the design. However, the proposed method plays a positive role in obtaining an inherently safer layout design of any multi-deck plants.
PARAMETRIC ESTIMATION OF THE DIRECTIONAL WAVE SPECTRUM FROM SHIP MOTIONS
Authors: Hinostroza M A , Guedes Soares C
Published: December 2021

A parametric estimation of the directional wave spectrum based on ship motions is presented. The estimation of the sea- state parameters is essential to have an updated data base of the main characteristics of the sea-state, which are useful for several applications on open-sea such as offshore platforms installations and safe ship navigation. The sea-state parameters at a fixed position can be obtained using a traditional waverider buoy. The analogy between the ship and the buoy is clear thus, it is possible to obtain an estimate of the wave spectrum at the location of an advancing ship by processing its wave-induced responses similarly to the traditional waverider buoy. In the parametric procedure the estimated wave spectrum is a-priori assumed to be composed of one parameterized spectrum or by the summation of several parameterized spectra, e.g. the generalized JONSWAP spectrum. Genetic algorithms are applied to found the best estimation of wave parameters. The wave estimation method is validated against numerical simulations and full scale tests in a patrol ship.
TOWARDS A NEW SOLAS CONVENTION: A TRANSFORMATION OF THE SHIP SAFETY REGULATORY FRAMEWORK
Authors: Núñez Sánchez M J
Published: December 2021

This document considers the necessary elements for fundamentally transforming SOLAS to adapt safety to innovation, technology sophistication and operational efficiency of shipping by means of a long-term comprehensive review of the existing regulatory framework. This should be undertaken with a view to ensuring that the Convention fulfils its mission and meets the future challenges, taking into account the ever-increasing pace of change and technological advancements made since 1974. This paper considers that a Goal-Based-Safety Level approach will provide the key to success and discusses the possibility to take a holistic approach to build a far reaching Convention that will help the stakeholders who deal with these regulations to be more effective.
ASSEMBLY LINE BALANCING IMPLEMENTATION IN MINOR AND SUB ASSEMBLY WORK SHOP AT SHIPYARDS
Authors: Ozkok M , Kasikci M K , Helvacioglu I H
Published: December 2021

Recently, the competitive environment is very tough in shipbuilding industry and under these circumstances, manufacturing a ship in a shorter time becomes significantly important in order to meet the customer demands. Therefore, it is hard to do that by using traditional manufacturing techniques. The shipyards located in Turkey usually have functional locations for the machines and this situation often causes longer production times. Instead of this, assembly lines should be redesigned as workshops in the shipyard. Prefabrication work unit is a good example in which an assembly line is needed to be designed. In this study, an assembly line design for prefabrication work unit was performed. For this, assignments of work operations to work shops were carried out by using Largest Set Rule Algorithm and some alternatives were created according to compare the different values of cycle time. These alternatives were simulated by using a production simulation program and the most appropriate assembly line design was presented.
Novel Machine Learning for Human Actions Classification Using Histogram of Oriented Gradients and Sparse Representation
Authors: Maheswari B. Uma , Sonia R. , Raja Kumar M. P , Ramya J.
Published: December 2021

Recognition of human actions is a trending research topic as it can be used for crucial medical applications like life care and healthcare. In this research, we propose a novel machine learning algorithm for the classification of human actions based on sparse representation theory. In the proposed framework, the input videos are initially partitioned into several temporal segments of a predefined length. From these temporal segments, the key-cuboids are then obtained. These cuboids are obtained based on the locations having maximum variation in orientation. From these regions, key-cuboids are extracted. From the key-cuboids, Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) features are extracted. This new descriptor has the capability to express the dynamic features in the action videos. Using these features, a single shared dictionary is created from the videos belonging to different classes using K-Singular Value Decomposition (K-SVD) algorithm. This dictionary has the combined features of all the action classes. This shared dictionary is generated during the training phase. During the testing phase, the features belonging to a test class is classified using a novel Sparse Representation Modeling based Action Recognition (SRMAR) Algorithm using Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (OMP) and the shared dictionary. The proposed framework was evaluated using popular benchmark action recognition datasets like KTH dataset, Olympic dataset and the Hollywood dataset. The results obtained using these datasets were represented in the form of a confusion matrix. Evaluation was performed using metrics like overall classification accuracy, specificity, precision, recall and F-score that were obtained from the confusion matrix. This system achieved a high specificity of about 99.52%, 99.16% and 96.15% for the KTH dataset, Olympic dataset and the Hollywood datasets, respectively. Similarly, the proposed framework attained very good precision of 97.64%, 90.46% and 73.39% for the KTH dataset, Olympic dataset and the Hollywood datasets, respectively. Also, the average value of recall achieved was 97.58%, 90.86% and 74.09% for the KTH dataset, Olympic dataset and the Hollywood datasets, respectively. It was also observed that the proposed machine learning algorithm achieved outstanding results compared to the existing state-of-the-art human action recognition frameworks in the literature.
Wire Rope Weak Defect Signal Processing Methods Based on Improved SVD and Phase Space Reconstruction
Authors: Chen Muchao , He Yanxiang
Published: December 2021

Due to the complexity of the interference operation environment of wire rope, the detection signals are usually weak and coupled in time-frequency domain, which makes the defect difficult to recognize, while the signal characterizations in phase space are also needed to be studied. Combining the nonlinear dynamic feature identification theories, phase space characteristics and chaotic features of wire rope defect detection signals are mainly investigated in this paper. First, principles of phase space reconstruction method for wire rope detection signals are presented by the chaotic dynamic indexes calculation of embedded dimension and delay time. Second, the change trends of the correlation dimension, approximate entropy and Lyapunov index of different phase space reconstructed wire rope defect detection signals are studied through the nonlinear simulation and analysis. Finally, a phase space reconstruction algorithm based on improved SVD is proposed, and the new algorithm is also compared with traditional signal processing methods. These results obtained by 6 groups of experiments were also evaluated and compared by the parameters of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and phase space trajectory chart, which manifests that the improved algorithm not only can increase the weak detection signal SNR to about 2.3dB of wire rope effectively, but also demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed methods in application.
Bayesian Processing of Data on Bursts of Pressure Vessels
Authors: Vaidogas Egidijus Rytas
Published: December 2021

Two alternative Bayesian approaches are proposed for the prediction of fragmentation of pressure vessels triggered off by accidental explosions (bursts) of these containment structures. It is shown how to carry out this prediction with post-mortem data on fragment numbers counted after past explosion accidents. Results of the prediction are estimates of probabilities of individual fragment numbers. These estimates are expressed by means of Bayesian prior or posterior distributions. It is demonstrated how to elicit the prior distributions from relatively scarce post-mortem data on vessel fragmentations. Specifically, it is suggested to develop priors with two Bayesian models known as compound Poisson-gamma and multinomial-Dirichlet probability distributions. The available data is used to specify non-informative prior for Poisson parameter that is subsequently transformed into priors of individual fragment number probabilities. Alternatively, the data is applied to a specification of Dirichlet concentration parameters. The latter priors directly express epistemic uncertainty in the fragment number probabilities. Example calculations presented in the study demonstrate that the suggested non-informative prior distributions are responsive to updates with scarce data on vessel explosions. It is shown that priors specified with Poisson-gamma and multinomial-Dirichlet models differ tangibly; however, this difference decreases with increasing amount of new data. For the sake of brevity and concreteness, the study was limited to fire induced vessel bursts known as boiling liquid expanding vapour explosions (BLEVEs).
Infections of Biliary Tract
Authors: Prakash Kumari Pilli Hema , Payala Vijayalakshmi
Published: December 2021

Biliary tract infections include cholangitis and cholecystitis. They are associated with high morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with comorbid disease. The most common infecting organisms are Enterobacteriaceae ascending from the gastrointestinal tract, Gram-positive pathogens like Enterococci spp.; the infections are rarely caused by fungi, viruses, and parasites. The prime reason for biliary tract infections is the ascending infection due to the reflux of duodenal contents and also the blood-borne infection or infection spreading through the portal-venous channels. The other predisposing conditions causing biliary tract infections include critical illnesses such as trauma, burns, sepsis, HIV infection, immunosuppression, diabetes, non-biliary surgery, and childbirth. The infection is reduced by β-lactam antibiotics or their derivatives, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, etc. Empiric treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam or a cephalosporin with or without metronidazole is recommended for moderate and severe acute cholecystitis irrespective of whether there is growth by culture. Patients with severe cholecystitis are unfortunately difficult to identify properly, both clinically and radiologically, because clinical symptoms are unexpected, and imaging investigations are frequently ambiguous. However, there are significant differences in morbidity and death rates between individuals with mild cholecystitis and those with severe cholecystitis. Preventing related consequences requires early identification and effective therapy of individuals at risk of severe cholecystitis.
Peripheral Neuropathy in ANCA Vasculitis
Authors: Snoussi Mouna , Frikha Faten , Bahloul Zouhir
Published: December 2021

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated diseases are necrotizing systemic vasculitides that affect small blood vessels (arterioles, capillaries and venules). This entity represents three main systemic vasculitides: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA; formerly Wegener’s granulomatosis), microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) and eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA; formerly known as Churg-Strauss’ syndrome). Their clinical manifestations are polymorphous, being the most frequent respiratory, oto-laryngo-pharyngeal and renal involvement. Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is reported in almost 50% of the patients. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the prevalence, clinical presentation, treatment and prognosis of PN in ANCA-associated vasculitis.
Investigation of Strain Effect on Cleavage Fracture for Reactor Pressure Vessel Material
Authors: Bhattacharyya Kushal
Published: December 2021

Failure mechanism of 20MnMoNi55 steel in the lower self of ductile to brittle transition (DBT) region is considered as brittle fracture but it has been observed from the experimental analysis of stress-strain diagram that clear plastic deformation is shown by the material before failure. Therefore, strain correction is implemented in the cleavage fracture model proposed by different researchers in the lower self of the DBT region with the help of finite element analysis. To avoid a huge number of experiments being performed, Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate a huge number of random data at different temperatures in the lower self of the DBT region for calibration of the cleavage parameters with the help of the master curve methodology. Fracture toughness calculated after strain correction through different models are validated with experimental results for the different probability of failures.
Research Progress on Iron-Heart Cunninghamia lanceolate
Authors: Zhu Ninghua , Yang Xiaowei , Han Zhiqiang , Can Xiao
Published: December 2021

Cunninghamia lanceolate (Lambert.) Hooker is one of the main fast-growing timber forest species in southern China which has a long history of cultivation and spreads across 28 provinces, cities, and regions. Recently, a variant of fir was discovered in the Xiaoxi National Nature Reserve in Hunan Province. The heartwood is hard as iron and its ratio is more than 80%, with the especial character of anti-corruption. It is a natural germplasm resource, called Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate. Study on it is still in the stage of data accumulation. In this paper, we studied it from three points as follows: (1) Plus tree selection and construction of germplasm resources nursery. (2) Study on cone and seed quality. (3) Genetic structure analysis of natural population. The research of Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate lays a theoretical foundation for the protection, development, and utilization of the black-heart wood germplasm resources of Iron-heart Cunninghamia lanceolate in the future.
Lecturers Awareness, Inclusion and Implementation of Wearable Device as a Means of Enhancing Educational Development in Nigerian Universities
Authors: Olayemi Obafemi Ayodeji
Published: December 2021

For the 10% of individuals in Nigeria that have utilized a wearable gadget, an increment in use is expected sooner rather than later. The utilization of Smartwatch innovation has been accounted for in numerous instructive practices; suppliers have utilized smartwatches for an assortment of purposes including addresses, courses, and online classes. Be that as it may, the impacts of Smartwatch innovation on the quality and adequacy of upgrading instructive headway in colleges and bastions of learning stay obscure. Input components that are unpretentious and productive in preparing enormous information continuously are needful to gauge quality learning experience in such huge homeroom settings. With the most recent effect of infiltration and reception of web and portable advancements in most creating areas, wearable innovation is an achievable answer for oversee and screen homeroom inclusion; as continuous understudy criticism can be coordinated in the plan and conveyance of guidance all through the study hall. The outcomes from SPSS statistical analyses of the data gathered exhibited suppliers’ high proclivity for utilizing Smartwatch gadgets for instruction and dissemination of lecture curriculum and educational plan, yet further exploration is expected to distinguish components by which keen frameworks can be incorporated into the schedules and work processes of lecturers and students.
Digital Control of Active Network Microstructures on Silicon Wafers
Authors: Ren Zhongjing , Yuan Jianping , Yan Peng
Published: December 2021

This chapter presents a promising digital control of active microstructures developed and tested on silicon chips by current division and thus independent Joule heating powers, especially for planar submillimeter two-dimensional (2-D) grid microstructures built on silicon wafers by surface microfabrication. Current division on such 2-D grid networks with 2 × 2, 3 × 3, and n × n loops was modeled and analyzed theoretically by employing Kirchhoff’s voltage law (KVL) and Kirchhoff’s current law (KCL), which demonstrated the feasibility of active control of the networks by Joule heating effect. Furthermore, in situ testing of a typical 2-D microstructure with 2 × 2 loops by different DC sources was carried out, and the thermomechanical deformation due to Joule heating was recorded. As a result, active control of the current division has been proven to be a reliable and efficient approach to achieving the digital actuation of 2-D microstructures on silicon chips. Digital control of such microstructural networks on silicon chips envisions great potential applications in active reconfigurable buses for microrobots and flexible electronics.
Proposal of Rural Housing and Habitat Improvement of the Town El Encanto, in Tapachula, Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Franco Escamirosa Montalvo Lorenzo , Uriel del Carpio Penagos Carlos , de Lourdes Ocampo García María , René Estrada Arévalo Ángel , López González Arturo , Arroyo Matus Roberto
Published: December 2021

In the state of Chiapas, Mexico, there are numerous rural communities located in isolated territories and away from important population centers. Families, in essence, have indigenous roots and low economic incomes and, because of this condition, their homes are precarious, unsafe and unhealthy, with many limitations to access basic water and sanitation services, as well as basic health services, recreation, education, communication, etc. This study analyzed the housing and habitat problem of the El Encanto community, located on the coast of Tapachula, Chiapas. As a result, structurally safe, economical and healthy housing proposals were developed, with water and sanitation services, functional spaces with sociocultural characteristics, typology and appropriate to environmental conditions, with the use of ecotechnologies and building materials of the place for the conservation of the environment and biodiversity, in addition, proposals for community equipment for habitat improvement were developed.
Risk Factors of ACL Injury
Authors: Jagadeesh Nuthan , Kapadi Sachindra , Deva Venkatesh , Kariya Ankur
Published: December 2021

An anterior cruciate ligament(ACL) is one of the major stabilizers of the knee joint, injury to which can be quite dreadful even ending many sports careers if not properly treated. Knowledge of the risk factors contributing to ACL injury will help in identifying at-risk individuals and develop preventive strategies. The factors contributing to ACL injury are multi-factorial involving biomechanical, anatomical, hormonal, neuromuscular factors etc; and can be broadly classified as Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors are mostly non-modifiable risk factors may be subdivided into anatomical, genetic, gender, previous ACL Injuries etc. Whereas Extrinsic factors are mostly modifiable risk factors include environmental factors, characteristic of surface and shoe, BMI and others. Anatomical risk factors can divided into tibial parameters like posterior tibial slope, medial tibial plateau depth etc; femoral parameters like notch width, notch index etc.
Results of Minimally Invasive Methods in the Treatment of Liver Hydatid Cyst
Authors: DALBAŞI Erkan , TÜZÜN Abidin
Published: December 2021

Objective: The most common cause of hydatid cyst disease is Echinococcus granulosus. Nowadays, minimally invasive methods such as laparoscopy used in the treatment of hepatic hydatid cyst (HHC). In this study, it is aimed to share the clinical, surgical and postoperative data of patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery with a diagnosis of HHC in our clinic.

Methods: Data of 105 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for HHC between January 2011 and January 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients who were diagnosed with HHC by clinical, indirect hemagglutination test, upper abdominal ultrasonography (USG) and upper abdominal tomography were included in the study. All patients received 10 mg / kg / day albendazole therapy for a total of six weeks, two weeks preoperatively and four weeks postoperatively. Demographic information, clinical characteristics, and the incidence and percentage of complications were analyzed by simple manual calculation.

Results: 64 (60.95%) of 105 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery were male and 41 (39.05%) were female. The mean age was 40.6 ± 11.7 years (18-65 age range). The mean cyst diameter was 8.4 cm in size (minimum: 6 cm, maximum: 16 cm). The mean operation time was 55 ± 11.45 minutes (Range: 42 to 70 minute). The mean hospitalization period of the patients was 3.7 days (Range 2 to 7). No recurrence was observed in the 18-month follow-up of the patients.

Conclusıons: HHC is a common disease in our country, and we think that laparoscopic approach is an effective surgical treatment option in suitable patients and in experienced centers.
One-Year Outcomes of Two Different Paclitaxel-Eluting Stents (Zilver PTX and Eluvia) for Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document (TASC) C/D Obstructive Femoropopliteal Lesions
Authors: Kwon Lyo Min , Hur Saebeom , Jae Hwan Jun , Min Seung-Kee , Min Sang-Il , Ahn Sanghyun , Han Ahram
Published: December 2021

Background: Endovascular therapy is one of the standard treatment options for patients with peripheral arterial disease. Paclitaxel-eluting stents (PES) have shown promising results in the treatment of obstructive femoropopliteal lesions. Two types of PES, namely, Zilver PTX (Cook Medical, USA) and Eluvia (Boston Scientific, USA), are available worldwide. However, no study has yet compared the outcomes of applying both PES types in the real world. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the one-year outcomes of two different types of PES for Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus Document (TASC) C/D obstructive femoropopliteal lesions following suboptimal angioplasty. Patients and Methods: This single-center, retrospective, observational study examined 37 limbs of 34 patients (30 males and four females) with the mean age of 71.9 ± 9.1 years (range, 53-90 years), who were included consecutively from February 2017 to May 2018. In all patients, either a Zilver PTX (Cook Medical) or an Eluvia (Boston Scientific) PES was used for TASC C/D obstructive femoropopliteal lesions following suboptimal angioplasty. Moreover, the patients’ one-year primary patency rate, freedom from clinically driven target lesion revascularization (TLR), and event-free survival rates were determined. Results: The mean lesion length was measured to be 24.6 ± 6.6 cm (range, 9 - 46 cm). Based on the results, 78% of the lesions (29 limbs) showed occlusion, and 46% (17 limbs) showed more than moderate calcification. According to the TASC classification, type D lesions were detected in 25 (68%) limbs, while type C lesions were detected in 12 (32%) limbs. The mean number of stents used was 2.5 ± 0.7 per limb (range, 1 - 3) to cover a mean length of 24.3 ± 7.9 cm (range, 6-35 cm). Overall, 56 Zilver PTX stents for 23 limbs and 36 Eluvia stents for 14 limbs were used. The Kaplan-Meier estimates of one-year primary patency and freedom from TLR were 78% and 88%, respectively (Zilver PTX stent, 76.3% and 81.2%, respectively; Eluvia stent, 91.7% and 100%, respectively). Major adverse events were reported in two patients (2/37, 5.4%), including acute thrombotic occlusion of the treated lesions. Conclusion: Both types of PES showed promising one-year outcomes for TASC C/D lesions regarding safety and efficacy, without any significant differences; therefore, they can be considered as an alternative therapeutic approach for surgery.
Možnosti podpory duševního zdraví žáků
Authors: Kubíčková Anna , Felcmanová Lenka
Published: December 2021

Studie z roku 1998 zabývající se negativními zkušenostmi v dětství od­halila nejen vysokou prevalenci v běžné populaci, nýbrž i jejich rozsáhlý a zásadní dopad na duševní a také fyzické zdraví člověka v průběhu celého života. V reakci na alarmující výsledky studie lze sledovat celosvětový trend zvyšování podpory dušev­ního zdraví všech žáků ve školách s ohledem na specifické možnosti podpory žáků, kteří v dětství zažili či zažívají negativní zkušenosti ovlivňující jejich duševní zdraví, chování a vzdělávání. Následující text představuje základní principy trauma respek­tujícího přístupu ve vzdělávání a předkládá možnost jeho systémové implementace zavedením celoškolního rámce pozitivní podpory chování PBIS. Cílem textu je dis­kutovat vhodnost zavedení víceúrovňové podpory dětí s negativními zkušenostmi v dětství projevujícími se problémy v chování prostřednictvím celoškolní tříúrovňové pozitivní podpory chování PBIS. Příspěvek je dělen do šesti částí. Po krátkém úvodu do problematiky je pozornost věnována výskytu a dopadům negativních zkušeností v dětství na život jedince, současným možnostem podpory dětí s negativními zku­šenostmi v českém školství, základním principům trauma respektujícího přístupu, systémovému zavedení trauma respektujícího přístupu prostřednictvím rámce PBIS a možnostem implementace PBIS v českých školách. Rozbor odborné literatury od­krývá společné prvky PBIS s takzvaným trauma respektujícím přístupem, jež podpo­ruje duševní zdraví všech žáků a současně umožňuje školám vhodně podporovat také žáky, kteří prožili nebo prožívají negativní zkušenosti. Implementační rámec PBIS je tedy vhodným systémem podpory duševního zdraví dětí a mladých lidí, který je mož­né adaptovat na české vzdělávání a zavádět v běžných školách.
The Organisation of Formal Education of Fencing Coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic
Authors: Roček Michal , Jůva Vladimír , Jakubcová Kateřina
Published: December 2021

The paper deals with formal educational programmes for fencing coaches in Hungary, Great Britain and the Czech Republic. Based on a content analysis of mainly curricular documents, we were able to identify and describe similarities and differences in approaches to coach education. They were apparent primarily on the legislative, organisational and content level. The research shows that the road to coaching excellence takes a different length of time in different countries. It is even in sharp contrast to formal licence education of some fencing federations when it comes to a bachelor study programme. Differences were also found in the approach towards the organisation of practical training. The more traditionally designed education of coaches in Hungary and the Czech Republic differed from the education in Great Britain from a philosophical and content point of view, specifically in topics such as the application of soft skills and setting, planning and assessment of goals in coaches´ practice.
Arsenic content and phenolic compounds in parsley (Petroselinum crispum (Mill.) Fuss) and celery (Apium graveolens L.) cultivated in Vojvodina region, Serbia
Authors: Pajević Slobodanka , Mimica-Dukić Neda , Nemeš Ivana , Župunski Milan , Simin Nataša , Watson Malcolm , Arsenov Danijela
Published: December 2021

Randomly collected samples of parsley and celery from different localities were analyzed to determine their quality based on arsenic concentrations, phenolic constituents and the antioxidant capacity of their edible parts. Arsenic concentrations were found in the range: parsley root (0.16 μg/g d.m.) < celery root (0.19 μg/g d.m.) < parsley leaf (0.35 μg/g d.m.) < celery leaf (0.45 μg/g d.m.). Total phenolic contents in roots were similar in both species and varied significantly depending on the cultivation site: 5.03-9.18 mg eqGA/g DE in parsley and 5.04-8.50 mg eqGA/g DE in celery. Lower total flavonoids content was recorded in celery. Among the phenolic acids, ferulic, chlorogenic and several cinnamic acids dominated. Apigenin and its glucosides dominated among flavonoids. Based on the principal component analysis (PCA) it can be concluded that the As content varied depending on the geographical origin of the samples. Also, phenolic compounds showed a significant contribution on PCA clustirng, indicating that cultivation site has a clear significant impact on the metabolites profile, while As content in plants did not significantly affect phenolic compound profile.
Socioeducational gaps derived from the impact of digitization in Spain 2020
Authors: Vidal Inés María González , Gewerc Barujel Adriana
Published: December 2021

La pandemia de COVID-19 visualizó cómo los activos digitales influyen en la sociedad contemporánea y juegan un papel decisivo en la recuperación económica. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las brechas sociales y educativas derivadas del impacto del nivel de digitalización en España 2020. Esta investigación se basa en la educación comparada como metodológica, relacional y crítica con implementación tecnológica; que intenta vincular la educación con los cambios en su entorno social; con el fin de contribuir a la mejora del sistema educativo. En este sentido, a partir del informe DESI de los últimos tres años, se analiza el caso de España en relación con lapuntuación media del resto de países miembros de la UE. Las brechas sociales apuntaban a perfiles de población vulnerable por tener pocas competencias digitales o por estar prácticamente excluida de los servicios y recursos digitales, lograr una nueva perspectiva centrada en el ser humano significa lograr el desarrollo económico. Las brechas educativas apuntaban al Capital Humano y sus bajas competencias en software, pocos especialistas en especialidades TIC y baja representación femenina en especialidadesTIC. Estos resultados mostraron la importancia de la educación STEM sensible al género, que parece ser la clave para el crecimiento económico y la competitividad nacional.

The COVID-19 pandemic visualized how digital assets influence contemporary society and play a decisive role in economic recovery. The objective of this work is to identify the social and educational gaps derived from the impact of the level of digitization in Spain 2020. This research is based on comparative education as methodological, relational and critical with the technological implementation; who tries to link education with changes in their social environment; in order to contribute to the improvement of the educational system. In this sense, based on the DESI report for the last three years, the case of Spain is analyzed in relation to the average score of the rest of the EU member countries. The social gaps pointed to profiles of vulnerable populations for having few digital skills or for being practically excluded from digital services and resources, achieving a new perspective centered on the human being will mean achieving economic development. The educational gaps pointed to human capital and its low skills in software, few specialists in ICT specialties and low female representation in ICT specialties. These results showed the importance of STEM and gender-sensitive education, which appears to be the key to economic growth and national competitiveness.
EMI and Intercultural Competence at University of Alcalá: The case of the Master's Degree in Teacher Training
Authors: De la Cruz Cabanillas Isabel , Tejedor-Martínez Cristina
Published: December 2021

The use of English as a Medium of Instruction to teach subjects other than English is widely spread across European higher education institutions. The University of Alcalá has been working on the implementation of English-Medium Instruction (EMI) for decades now. The internationalisation process accounts for the increasing number of studies both at undergraduate and postgraduate levels taught in English. The response of international students has been positive considering the University of Alcalá one of their favourite Spanish destinations. The interaction of local and foreign students evidences the need to raise awareness towards the intercultural competence as part of the Master’s Degree in Teacher Training, so that learners will feel comfortable in a different language and culture and contribute significantly not only to the labour market but also to dialogue and living together. In this article, the authors report on how this is done in one of the compulsory courses of this specific Master’s Degree: Complementary Training in English Studies.
Carrió-Pastor, M. L. - Bellés-Fortuño, Begoña (2021) (Eds.). Teaching Language and Content in Multicultural and Multilingual Classrooms CLIL and EMI Approaches. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave MacMillan, ISBN 978-3-030-56614-2, pp. 377
Authors: Domínguez Morales Elena
Published: December 2021

It is not surprising that there is a clear interest in specialised English language teaching at a time when academia needs to evidence its strong connection to social practices and internationalization (Carrió-Pastor 2019, 2020). This is a timely book, both in scope and usefulness. The contents are organised in such a way as to allow an understanding of methodological practices, firstly by establishing the difference between CLIL, i.e. Content and Language Integrated Learning, and EMI, i.e. English as a Medium of Instruction. In principle, these two terms refer to clear concepts, but in practice the distinction does not always seem to be so apparent. In fact, this book succeeds in providing a theoretical stance and examples to illustrate and clarify these approaches. The usefulness of this Palgrave volume for language professionals, namely teachers, researchers and newcomers, is easy to foresee.
Students' Processing of Differently Structured Text Materials Focused on Agricultural Waste Disposal Using Eye-tracking
Authors: Mudrychová Kristýna , Houšková Beránková Martina , Horáková Tereza , Houška Milan , Mudrychová Jitka
Published: December 2021

This study was focused on agricultural waste disposal (AWD) textual materials. Two educational texts are compared: designed texts traditionally with no purposeful design and structured knowledge texts, including the textual form of knowledge units. Eye-tracking technology is employed for retrieving the values of critical indicators specifying the way of reading the texts. We analysed users' visual attention and looking behaviour during the reading process. Thirty-three students worked with 45 pieces of educational texts accompanied by a didactic test. Statistical analyses show statistically significant differences neither in any indicator within studying the texts nor in the users' success rate in the didactic test. The users can work with the knowledge structured texts equivalently with the designed texts in the traditional way. The positive effect for AWD is that users can process knowledge structured texts with better results.
Parallel processing by distinct classes of principal neurons in the olfactory cortex
Authors: Nagappan Shivathmihai , Franks Kevin M
Published: December 2021

Understanding how distinct neuron types in a neural circuit process and propagate information is essential for understanding what the circuit does and how it does it. The olfactory (piriform, PCx) cortex contains two main types of principal neurons, semilunar (SL) and superficial pyramidal (PYR) cells. SLs and PYRs have distinct morphologies, local connectivity, biophysical properties, and downstream projection targets. Odor processing in PCx is thought to occur in two sequential stages. First, SLs receive and integrate olfactory bulb input and then PYRs receive, transform, and transmit SL input. To test this model, we recorded from populations of optogenetically identified SLs and PYRs in awake, head-fixed mice. Notably, silencing SLs did not alter PYR odor responses, and SLs and PYRs exhibited differences in odor tuning properties and response discriminability that were consistent with their distinct embeddings within a sensory-associative cortex. Our results therefore suggest that SLs and PYRs form parallel channels for differentially processing odor information in and through PCx.
Networked e-Learning: The changing facilitator – learner relationship, a facilitators’ perspective; A Phenomenological Investigation
Authors: O’ Toole Chris
Published: December 2021

This phenomenological case study investigates the lived experiences of a group of virtual learning environment (VLE) postgraduate academic facilitators at Irish Universities where they have indicated that the nature of their relationship with learners is shifting. It aims for a deeper understanding of the phenomena of the changing facilitator – learner relationship in a Networked e-Learning environment (an asynchronous VLE with discussion forums, virtual labs and collaborative assignments). The author’s role as a highly experienced facilitator provides particular and specific insight into the guiding facilitator’s experiences during a time of institutional transition to Networked e-Learning. A theoretical framework based on Beaty and Howard (2010) is used to explore the networked relationship, i.e. their core set of boundary characteristics, central to the way networked learning is conceptualised and experienced which are the characteristic of expertise, the boundaries of the facilitator-learner relationship, communication and content and the professional development of Networked e-learning facilitators. Conclusions are presented as four themes describing how participants perceived the impact of Networked e-Learning on the changing facilitator – learner relationship. These themes highlight the differences between the current interpretative phenomenological analysis and the initial framework of Beaty and Howard (2010): (1) Expertise of facilitators and learners is a shifting quality depending on activity, participant roles and technological context; (2) Boundaries traditionally placed around facilitators and learners are shifting; (3) Communication like content is considered highly important for both facilitators and learners; (4) Professional development for facilitators must be re-conceptualised. Recommendations include the requirement to initiate revised forms of professional development for Networked e-Learning facilitators. Limitations included the relatively low number of participants.
ETHNOGRAPHY FOR INVESTIGATING THE INTERNET
Authors: Hetland Per , Mørch Anders I.
Published: December 2021

Several concepts are used to describe ethnographic approaches for investigating the Internet; competing concepts include virtual ethnography, netnography, digital ethnography, web-ethnography, online ethnography, and e-ethnography. However, as the field matures, several writers simply call their approach "ethnography" and specify new fields of practice. In this paper, we will explore the content of ethnographic approach for investigating the Internet and the direction in which this new field of ethnography is moving, that is, whether it is the study of blended worlds or online worlds. We start by introducing the emerging field sites or fields of practice. Then, we describe how participant observation and other data collection techniques are carried out. Next, we describe how ethnographic practice is understood within the emerging field. Finally, we discuss some possible changes in the ethnographic landscape: unobtrusive methods, the communal-commercial relationship, and team-ethnography.
Digital Learning Aids for Nynorsk Pupils in School: - A Politically Sensitive Area or a Question of a Deeper Scientific Understanding of Learning?
Authors: Krumsvik Rune Johan , Jones Lise Øen
Published: December 2021

This position paper focuses on Nynorsk in the digital era and the need for research-based knowledge about it in school settings in Norway. The Norwegian language situation is exceptional because Norway has two written standards, Bokmål (majority variety) and Nynorsk (minority variety), and both the Education Act and the Norwegian Directorate of Education require that publishers provide parallel editions of all paper-based and digital learning aids for pupils. However, a national report by Skjær,Eiksund, Fretland, Holen & Netteland(2008) revealed that few publishers have developed and offered digital learning aids in Nynorsk. In 2015 the situation appears to be largely unchanged, even though the authorities, language organisations and “leadings lights” have taken several initiatives to encourage compliance with the Education Act; however, what is needed is further research into the situation of parallel editions of digital learning aids. This is of particular interest today since the pupils in the county with the highest rate (97%) of Nynorsk-pupils has consistently been at the top of the list as one of the best performing counties in Norway in national tests since 2006 (Directorate of Education 2015). In addition, Vangsnes, Söderlund & Blekesaune (2015) find that municipalities in Norway with more than 50% Nynorsk-pupils achieve better in National tests when compared to Bokmål municipalities. The main message in our position paper is that the digital revolution might have changed some underlying premises for how we understand and use language and dialects, and the need for parallel editions of digital learning aids in Bokmål and Nynorsk is no longer a question of economics or of political statements for or against Nynorsk, etc., but is instead a question of a more nuanced scientific understanding of learning and achievement in today’s digitized school. The achievements of Nynorsk pupils in national tests is one indicator of school performance, but to understand what causes this relationship further research is required and several indicators should be developed. In this case, it concerns Nynorsk pupils, but in a broader sense, it concerns pupils in general, and how they learn in school.
A pedagogical model for simulation-based learning in healthcare
Authors: Keskitalo Tuulikki , Ruokamo Heli
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to design a pedagogical model for a simulation-based learning environment (SBLE) in healthcare. Currently, simulation and virtual reality are a major focus in healthcare education. However, when and how these learning environments should be applied is not well-known. The present study tries to fill that gap. We pose the following research question: What kind of pedagogical model supports and facilitates students’ meaningful learning in SBLEs? The study used design-based research (DBR) and case study approaches. We report the results from our second case study and how the pedagogical model was developed based on the lessons learned. The study involved nine facilitators and 25 students. Data were collected and analysed using mixed methods. The main result of this study is the refined pedagogical model. The model is based on the socio-cultural theory of learning and characteristics of meaningful learning as well as previous pedagogical models. The model will provide a more holistic and meaningful approach to teaching and learning in SBLEs. However, the model requires evidence and further development.
Envisioning DIY learning in primary and secondary schools
Authors: Sancho-Gil Juana Maria , Hernández-Hernández Fernando , Fendler Rachel
Published: December 2021

The DIYLab project (Do it yourself in Education: expanding digital competence to foster student agency and collaborative learning. European Commission) seeks to explore the changes (and its educational effects) occurring in the last decade regarding digital competencies, especially in relation to the emergence of a culture of collaboration, that connects youth learning, technology and DIY (Kafai & Peppler, 2011). To achieve the project's objective, we are following a methodology based on the principles of collaborative action research (CAR). This paper focuses on the first step of the CAR process and shows the main challenges identified by teachers, students and parents in order to implement the project’s learning philosophy in the current curricula and schools organisation. We carried out a series of focus groups with teachers, students and parents from primary and secondary schools and the university to discuss what DIY learning looks like in the participants’ educational contexts. Based on these discussions we have begun to analyse how each context imagines DIY learning and how it relates to the notion of virtual space. This paper focuses in the Spanish primary and secondary school participating in the project.
University Students’ Use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in Russia: A Focus on Learning and Everyday Life *
Authors: Porshnev Alexander , Giest Hartmut
Published: December 2021

Students' internet usage attracts the attention of many researchers in different countries. Differences in internet penetration in diverse countries lead us to ask about the interaction of medium and culture in this process. In this paper we present an analysis based on a sample of 825 students from 18 Russian universities and discuss findings on particularities of students' ICT usage. On the background of the findings of the study, based on data collected in 2008-2009 year during a project "A ?ross-cultural study of the new learning culture formation in Germany and Russia", we discuss the problem of plagiarism in Russia, the availability of ICT features in Russian universities and an evaluation of the attractiveness of different categories of ICT usage and gender specifics in the use of ICT.
ICT in Swedish Schools 1984 - 2004: How computers work in the teachers- world
Authors: Jedeskog Gunilla
Published: December 2021

For over twenty years government initiatives have promoted the use of computer/ICT in Swedish schools. This paper, based on national evaluations, briefly describes experiences about these processes, from 1984 to 2004. Discussed are the actors, from outside the school arena, who sat in motion the campaigns and processes at both macro and micro levels. It is concluded that the involvement of teachers at an early stage and a combination of time, technology and the culture of schools are basic conditions for a successful innovation of ICT in school.