bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical significance of the cribriform pattern in invasive adenocarcinoma of the lung
Authors: Zhang Ruizhen , Hu Guiming , Qiu Jinhuan , Wu Huifang , Fu Wenjing , Feng Yikun , Zhang Min , Chen Chen , Sun Jianping , Zhang Yan , Ren Jingli
Published: June 2019

Purpose

According to the WHO, the cribriform pattern is a subtype of acinar (Aci) predominance in invasive adenocarcinoma (ADC) of the lung. Recently, several studies have demonstrated poor prognosis in patients with cribriform predominance. This study was performed to examine the correlations of cribriform pattern with the clinicopathology, molecular features and prognosis in patients with invasive ADC.

Methods

Histological subtypes were evaluated in 279 patients who underwent complete resection for invasive ADC. Patients of the Aci-predominant subtype were divided into two subgroups according to the percentage of cribriform cancer (≥5% vs <5%). Clinicopathological characteristics, overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and molecular changes were compared. In addition, both OS and DFS were compared between patients with cribriform-predominant (n=33) and pure Aci-predominant (n=88) ADCs.

Results

A cribriform pattern was found in 111 (39.8%) cases and ranged from 5 % to 100 % of the total tumour volume (mean±SEM, 30%±2%). Of 117 patients with Aci predominance, 79 showed the cribriform pattern, while the remaining 38 did not. The cribriform pattern was associated with aggressive pathological behaviour, including advanced stages of cancer, nuclear atypia, mitoses, lymph node invasion, metastasis and larger tumour size. The subgroup with cribriform cancer (≥5%) had significantly poorer OS and DFS compared with the cribriform-negative (<5%) group. In addition, Cox multivariate analyses revealed that the cribriform pattern was an independent predictor of OS but not DFS. Moreover, OS was significantly lower in the cribriform-predominant group than in the Aci-predominant group.

Conclusion

The cribriform pattern is associated with aggressive pathological behaviour and is an independent poor prognostic indicator in patients with Aci-predominant ADC of the lung.
Comparison of PREDICTS atherosclerosis biomarker changes after initiation of new treatments in patients with SLE
Authors: McMahon Maureen , Skaggs Brian , Grossman Jennifer , Wong Weng Kee , Sahakian Lori , Chen Weiling , Hahn Bevra
Published: June 2019

Objective

Patients with SLE have an increased risk of atherosclerosis (ATH) that is not adequately explained by traditional risk factors. We previously described the Predictors of Risk for Elevated Flares, Damage Progression, and Increased Cardiovascular disease in PaTients with SLE (PREDICTS) atherosclerosis-risk panel, which includes proinflammatory HDL (piHDL), leptin, soluble tumour necrosis factor-like weak inducer of apoptosis (sTWEAK) and homocysteine, as well as age and diabetes. A high PREDICTS score confers 28-fold increased odds for future atherosclerosis in SLE. The aim of this study is to determine whether PREDICTS biomarkers are modifiable by common lupus therapies.

Methods

This prospective observational study included SLE subjects started on new lupus treatments. Leptin, sTWEAK, homocysteine and antioxidant function of HDL were measured at baseline (prior to drug initiation), 6 weeks and 12 weeks.

Results

16 subjects started mycophenolate (MMF), 18 azathioprine (AZA) and 25 hydroxychloroquine (HCQ). In MMF-treated subjects, HDL function progressively improved from 2.23 ± 1.32 at baseline to 1.37±0.81 at 6 weeks (p=0.02) and 0.93±0.54 at 12 weeks (p=0.009). sTWEAK levels also improved in MMF-treated subjects from 477.5±447.1 to 290.3±204.6 pg/mL after 12 weeks (p=0.04), but leptin and homocysteine levels were not significantly changed. In HCQ-treated subjects, only HDL function improved from 1.80±1.29 at baseline to 1.03±0.74 after 12 weeks (p=0.05). There were no changes in the AZA group. MMF treatment was still associated with significant improvements in HDL function after accounting for potential confounders such as total prednisone dose and changes in disease activity. Overall, the mean number of high-risk PREDICTS biomarkers at week 12 significantly decreased in the entire group of patients started on a new lupus therapy (2.1±0.9 to 1.8±0.9, p=0.02) and in the MMF-treated group (2.4±0.8 vs 1.8±0.9, p=0.003), but not in the AZA or HCQ groups. In multivariate analysis, the odds of having a high PREDICTS atherosclerosis risk score at 12 weeks were lower with MMF treatment (OR 0.002, 95% CI 0.000 to 0.55, p=0.03).

Conclusions

12 weeks of MMF therapy improves the overall PREDICTS atherosclerosis biomarker profile. Further studies will determine whether biomarker changes reflect decreases in future cardiovascular events.
The CHARGE study: an assessment of parental occupational exposures and autism spectrum disorder
Authors: McCanlies Erin C , Ma Claudia C , Gu Ja Kook , Fekedulegn Desta , Sanderson Wayne T , Ludeña-Rodriguez Yunin J , Hertz-Picciotto Irva
Published: June 2019

Objectives

The aim of this study is to determine if parental occupational exposure to 16 agents is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Methods

Demographic, health and parental occupational data were collected as part of the CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment study. The workplace exposure assessment was conducted by two experienced industrial hygienists for the parents of 537 children with ASD and 414 typically developing (TD) children. For each job, frequency and intensity of 16 agents were assessed and both binary and semi-quantitative cumulative exposure variables were derived. Logistic regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to assess associations between parental occupational exposures 3 months pre-pregnancy until birth.

Results

The OR of ASD in the children of mothers exposed to any solvents was 1.5 times higher than the mothers of TD children (95% CI=1.01–2.23). Cumulative exposure indicated that the OR associated with a moderate level of solvent exposure in mothers was 1.85 (95% CI=1.09, 3.15) for children with ASD compared with TD children. No other exposures were associated with ASD in mothers, fathers or the parents combined.

Conclusion

Maternal occupational exposure to solvents may increase the risk for ASD. These results are consistent with a growing body of evidence indicating that environmental and occupational exposures may be associated with ASD. Future research should consider specific types of solvents, larger samples and/or different study designs to evaluate other exposures for potential associations with ASD.
Left ventricular ejection fraction adds value over the GRACE score in prediction of 6-month mortality after ACS: the MADDEC study
Authors: Syyli Nina , Hautamäki Markus , Antila Kari , Mahdiani Shadi , Eskola Markku , Lehtimäki Terho , Nikus Kjell , Lyytikäinen Leo-Pekka , Oksala Niku , Hernesniemi Jussi
Published: June 2019

Background

Reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) is a risk marker for mortality after an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Global Registry of Acute Coronary Events (GRACE) risk score, developed almost two decades ago, is the preferred scoring system for risk stratification in ACS. The aim of this study was to validate the GRACE score and evaluate whether LVEF has incremental predictive value over the GRACE in predicting 6-month mortality after ACS in a contemporary setting.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all 1576 consecutive patients who were admitted to Tays Heart Hospital and underwent coronary angiography for a first episode of ACS (2015–2016). Clinical risk factors were extensively recorded. Adjusted Cox regression analysis was used to analyse the associations between LVEF and the GRACE score with 6-month all-cause mortality. The incremental predictive value was assessed by the change in C-statistic by Delong’s method for paired samples and by index of discrimination improvement (IDI).

Results

In univariable analysis, both LVEF and the GRACE were associated with 6-month mortality, and after applying both variables into the same model, the results remained significant (GRACE score: HR: 1.036, 95% CI 1.030 to 1.042; LVEF: HR: 0.965, 95% CI 0.948 to 0.982, both HRs corresponding to a one unit change in the exposure variable). The GRACE score demonstrated good discrimination for mortality (C-statistic: 0.833, 95% CI 0.795 to 0.871). Adding LVEF to the model with the GRACE score improved model performance significantly (C-statistic: 0.848, 95% CI 0.813 to 0.883, p=0.029 for the improvement and IDI 0.0171, 95% CI 0.0016 to 0.0327, p=0.031).

Conclusions

Adding LVEF to the GRACE score significantly improves risk prediction of 6-month mortality after ACS.
Evidence of a limb- and shear stress stimulus profile-dependent impact of high-intensity cycling training on flow-mediated dilation
Authors: King Trevor J. , Pyke Kyra E.
Published: June 2019

Lower limb endurance training can improve conduit artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in response to transient increases in shear stress (reactive hyperemia; RH-FMD) in both the upper and lower limbs. Sustained increases in shear stress recruit a partially distinct transduction pathway and elicit a physiologically relevant FMD response (SS-FMD) that provides distinct information regarding endothelial function. However, the impact of training on SS-FMD is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of cycling training on handgrip exercise-induced brachial artery (BA) FMD (BA SS-FMD) and calf plantar-flexion-induced superficial femoral artery (SFA) FMD (SFA SS-FMD). RH-FMD was also assessed in both arteries. Twenty-eight young males were randomized to control (n = 12) or training (n = 16) groups. The training group cycled 30 min/day, 3 days/week for 4 weeks at 80% heart rate reserve. FMD was assessed in the BA and SFA before and after the intervention via Duplex ultrasound. Results are means ± SD. Training did not impact SS-FMD in either artery, and SFA RH-FMD was also unchanged (p > 0.05). When controlling for the shear rate stimulus via covariate analysis, BA RH-FMD improved in the training group (p = 0.05) (control – pre-intervention: 5.7% ± 2.4%, post-intervention: 5.3% ± 2.4%; training – pre-intervention: 5.4% ± 2.5%, post-intervention: 7.2% ± 2.4%). Thus, endurance training resulted in nonuniform adaptations to endothelial function, with an isolated impact on the BA’s ability to transduce a transient increase in shear stress.

Novelty Training did not alter SS-FMD in the arm or leg. RH-FMD was augmented in the arm only. Thus training adaptations were limb- and shear stress profile-specific.
Exponential convergence to the Maxwell distribution of solutions of spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equations
Authors: Gang Zhou
Published: June 2019

We consider the rate of convergence of solutions of spatially inhomogeneous Boltzmann equations, with hard-sphere potentials, to some equilibriums, called Maxwellians. Maxwellians are spatially homogeneous static Maxwell velocity distributions with different temperatures and mean velocities. We study solutions in weighted space [Formula: see text]. The result is that, assuming the solution is sufficiently localized and sufficiently smooth, then the solution, in [Formula: see text]-space, converges to a Maxwellian, exponentially fast in time.
Photo-absorption on deuteron contributed by d∗(2380) resonance
Authors: Dong Yubing , Shen Pengnian , Zhang Zongye
Published: June 2019

In order to understand the possible physical nature of the newly observed resonance [Formula: see text], we calculate the real photo-absorption cross-section on deuteron contributed by the resonance [Formula: see text] by considering the electromagnetic transition amplitude of [Formula: see text]. In our interpretation, the [Formula: see text] is regarded as a compact six-quark system with mainly two components of [Formula: see text] and hidden-color clusters [Formula: see text]. We find that only the next-to-leading terms contribute the [Formula: see text] and the obtained photo-absorption cross-section is quite small which is in the order of 10 nb. Compared with the data measured at ELPH and Mainz recently, it is almost about 20 times smaller.
Backstepping Sliding Mode Controller Improved with Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic Applied to the Dual Star Induction Motor
Authors: Rahali Hilal , Zeghlache Samir , Benyettou Loutfi , Benalia Leila
Published: June 2019

This paper proposes Interval type-2 Fuzzy sliding mode controller based on Backstepping (IT2FBSMC), to control the speed of a dual star induction machine (DSIM), in order to get a robust performance machine. An appropriate control strategy based on the coupling of three methods (Backstepping, sliding mode and type-2 Fuzzy controller) is used to build a robust controller used to approximate the discontinuous control eliminating the chattering phenomenon and guaranteeing the stability of the machine. Moreover, it forces the rotor angular speed to follow a desired reference signal. The simulation results obtained using Matlab/Simulink behavior are presented and discussed. The obtained results show that the controller can greatly alleviate the chattering effect and enhance the robustness of control systems with high accuracy.
Integrative Molecular Characterization of Resistance to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer
Authors: Kamran Sophia C. , Lennerz Jochen K. , Margolis Claire A. , Liu David , Reardon Brendan , Wankowicz Stephanie A. , Van Seventer Emily E. , Tracy Adam , Wo Jennifer Y. , Carter Scott L. , Willers Henning , Corcoran Ryan B. , Hong Theodore S. , Van Allen Eliezer M.
Published: June 2019

Purpose:

Molecular properties associated with complete response or acquired resistance to concurrent chemotherapy and radiotherapy (CRT) are incompletely characterized.

Experimental Design: We performed integrated whole-exome/transcriptome sequencing and immune infiltrate analysis on rectal adenocarcinoma tumors prior to neoadjuvant CRT (pre-CRT) and at time of resection (post-CRT) in 17 patients [8 complete/partial responders, 9 nonresponders (NR)].

Results:

CRT was not associated with increased tumor mutational burden or neoantigen load and did not alter the distribution of established somatic tumor mutations in rectal cancer. Concurrent KRAS/TP53 mutations (KP) associated with NR tumors and were enriched for an epithelial–mesenchymal transition transcriptional program. Furthermore, NR was associated with reduced CD4/CD8 T-cell infiltrates and a post-CRT M2 macrophage phenotype. Absence of any local tumor recurrences, KP/NR status predicted worse progression-free survival, suggesting that local immune escape during or after CRT with specific genomic features contributes to distant progression.

Conclusions:

Overall, while CRT did not impact genomic profiles, CRT impacted the tumor immune microenvironment, particularly in resistant cases.
Inhibition of Heat Shock Factor 1 Enhances Repressive Molecular Mechanisms on the POMC Promoter
Authors: Ciato Denis , Li Ran , Monteserin Garcia Jose Luis , Papst Lilia , D’Annunzio Sarah , Hristov Michael , Tichomirowa Maria A. , Belaya Zhanna , Rozhinskaya Liudmila , Buchfelder Michael , Theodoropoulou Marily , Paez-Pereda Marcelo , Stalla Günter Karl
Published: June 2019

Background: Cushing’s disease (CD) is caused by adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-secreting pituitary tumours. They express high levels of heat shock protein 90 and heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) in comparison to the normal tissue counterpart, indicating activated cellular stress. Aims: Our objectives were: (1) to correlate HSF1 expression with clinical features and hormonal/radiological findings of CD, and (2) to investigate the effects of HSF1 inhibition as a target for CD treatment. Patients/Methods: We examined the expression of total and pSer326HSF1 (marker for its transcriptional activation) by Western blot on eight human CD tumours and compared to the HSF1 status of normal pituitary. We screened a cohort of 45 patients with CD for HSF1 by immunohistochemistry and correlated the HSF1 immunoreactivity score with the available clinical data. We evaluated the effects of HSF1 silencing with RNA interference and the HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 in AtT-20 cells and four primary cultures of human corticotroph tumours. Results: We show that HSF1 protein is highly expressed and transcriptionally active in CD tumours in comparison to normal pituitary. The immunoreactivity score for HSF1 did not correlate with the typical clinical features of the disease. HSF1 inhibition reduced proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) transcription in AtT-20 cells. The HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 suppressed ACTH synthesis from 75% of human CD tumours in primary cell culture. This inhibitory action on Pomc transcription was mediated by increased glucocorticoid receptor and suppressed Nurr77/Nurr1 and AP-1 transcriptional activities. Conclusions: These data show that HSF1 regulates POMC transcription. Pharmacological targeting of HSF1 may be a promising treatment option for the control of excess ACTH secretion in CD.
Ultrasound-Guided Continuous Femoral Nerve Block with Dexmedetomidine Combined with Low Concentrations of Ropivacaine for Postoperative Analgesia in Elderly Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Zhao Xiao-Ying , Zhang Er-Fei , Bai Xiao-Li , Cheng Zi-Jian , Jia Peng-Yun , Li Yan-Nan , Guo Zheng , Yang Jian-Xin
Published: June 2019

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the clinical effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) combined with low concentrations of ropivacaine in ultrasound-guided continuous fem­oral nerve block for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Materials and Methods: Patients were divided into three groups: group C, group D1, and group D2. For postoperative analgesia, patients in group C were given 0.15% ropivacaine, patients in group D1 were given 0.15% ropivacaine + 0.02 μg × kg–1 × h–1 DEX, and patients in group D2 were given 0.15% ropivacaine + 0.05 μg × kg–1 × h–1 DEX. The visual analogue scores in the resting state, active state (AVAS), and passive functional exercise state (PVAS), degree of joint bending, and Ramsay scores were recorded. Results: The Ramsay scores were significantly higher, AVAS scores were significantly lower, PVAS scores were significantly decreased, the degree of joint bending was significantly higher, and the time to the first postoperative ambulation was shorter in groups D1 and D2 than group C. Furthermore, the time to the first postoperative ambulation was shorter in group D2 than in group D1, patients in groups D1 and D2 were more satisfied than patients in group C, and patients in group D2 were more satisfied than patients in group D1. Conclusion: The protocol of 0.05 μg × kg–1 × h–1 of DEX combined with 0.15% ro­pivacaine in ultrasound-guided continuous femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with TKA provides a better analgesic effect than without DEX performance.
Coronally Repositioned Flap with Bioresorbable Collagen Membrane for Miller’s Class I and II Recession Defects: A Case Series
Authors: Agarwal Mrinalini , Dhruvakumar Deepa
Published: June 2019

Objective: Gingival recession is one of the most common esthetic and functional concerns associated with periodontal tissues. Several techniques have been described to cover the exposed root surface. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of recession coverage using a coronally repositioned flap in conjunction with a bioresorbable collagen membrane. Methods: Eight non-smoking healthy subjects with Miller’s Class I and II recession defects in the maxillary anterior region were selected. Recession was treated by a coronally repositioned flap along with a bioresorbable type I collagen guided tissue regeneration membrane (Periocol®). Clinical parameters recorded were recession depth, recession width, width of keratinized tissue, and width of the attached gingiva at baseline and 3 months postoperatively. Results: Three-month postoperative measurements demonstrated significant root coverage and a reduction in the recession depth and width. In addition, there was a significant increase in the width of keratinized tissue and of the attached gingiva. Conclusion: Recession coverage with a coronally repositioned and bioresorbable collagen membrane demonstrated good results in terms of root coverage as well as increase in the width of keratinized tissue.
Angiolymphoid Hyperplasia with Eosinophilia with Clinical Presentation Concerning for Juvenile Temporal Arteritis
Authors: Li Emily , Sinard John , Distefano Alberto , Sohrab Mahsa
Published: June 2019

A 20-year-old boy presented with a mass superotemporal to the right eyebrow of 1 month’s duration without a history of recent trauma. Complete examination and workup, including laboratory analysis, Doppler ultrasound imaging, and magnetic resonance imaging, suggested a diagnosis of juvenile temporal arteritis. Excisional biopsy and histopathology contradicted the preoperative workup and yielded the final diagnosis of angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia, a rare eosinophilic dermatosis of unknown etiology. This case highlights the need for better characterization of temporal vascular tumors in the pediatric population.
Diagnostic Performance of Retinopathy in the Detection of Diabetic Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 45 Studies
Authors: Jiang Shimin , Yu Tianyu , Zhang Zheng , Wang Yining , Fang Jinying , Yang Yue , Liu Lin , Li Wenge
Published: June 2019

Aims: To conduct an evidence-based evaluation of diabetic retinopathy (DR) for the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 2 diabetics with kidney disease. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library from inception to June 27, 2018, including the reference lists of identified primary studies. A study was included if it (1) used DR as a diagnostic test for DN; and (2) used histological evaluation of renal tissues as the reference standard. Results: The analysis included 45 studies (4,561 patients). A bivariate analysis yielded a sensitivity of 0.67 (95% CI 0.61–0.74) and a specificity of 0.78 (95% CI 0.73–0.82). The summary receiver operating characteristic curve analysis provided an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.79 (95% CI 0.76–0.83). In a setting of 41% prevalence of DN, the probability of DN would be 68% if the test of DR was positive, and the probability of DN would be 23% if it was negative. In addition, although the mean specificity of proliferative DR for the detection of DN was 0.99 (95% CI 0.45–1.00), the mean sensitivity was 0.34 (95% CI 0.24–0.44), and the AUC was 0.58 (95% CI 0.53–0.62). Conclusions: DR is helpful in diagnosing DN in persons with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, but the severity of DR may not parallel the presence of DN.
Why the 20% + 2 Tryptase Formula Is a Diagnostic Gold Standard for Severe Systemic Mast Cell Activation and Mast Cell Activation Syndrome
Authors: Valent Peter , Bonadonna Patrizia , Hartmann Karin , Broesby-Olsen Sigurd , Brockow Knut , Butterfield Joseph H. , Triggiani Massimo , Lyons Jonathan J. , Oude Elberink Joanna N.G. , Arock Michel , Metcalfe Dean D. , Akin Cem
Published: June 2019

Mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) is a condition characterized by recurrent episodes of clinically relevant, systemic, severe reactions to mast cell (MC)-derived mediators released in the context of anaphylaxis or another acute MC-related event. It is important to document MC involvement in these reactions in order to establish the diagnosis MCAS. The most specific and reliable marker of systemic MC activation is an acute and substantial event-related (transient) increase in the serum tryptase level over the individual’s baseline value. However, the baseline level of tryptase varies depending on the underlying disease and the genetic background. For example, an estimated 3–5% of healthy individuals exhibit duplications or multiple copies of the TPSAB1 gene encoding for alpha-tryptase, and over 30% of all patients with myeloid neoplasms, including mastocytosis, have elevated basal tryptase levels. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to adjust the event-related diagnostic (MCAS-confirming) increase in tryptase over the individual baseline in a robust approach. To address this challenge, the 20% + 2 formula was proposed by the consensus group in 2012. Since then, this approach has been validated in clinical practice by independent groups and found to be sound. In the current article, we discuss the emerging importance and value of the 20% + 2 formula in clinical practice and its role as a criterion of severe systemic MC activation and MCAS.
Provider‐Level Variation in Smoking Cessation Assistance Provided in the Cardiology Clinics: Insights From the NCDR PINNACLE Registry
Authors: Sardana Mayank , Tang Yuanyuan , Magnani Jared W. , Ockene Ira S. , Allison Jeroan J. , Arnold Suzanne V. , Jones Phillip G. , Maddox Thomas M. , Virani Salim S. , McManus David D.
Published: June 2019

Background

Studies show suboptimal provision of smoking cessation assistance (counseling or pharmacotherapy) for current smokers attempting to quit. We aimed to identify smoking cessation assistance patterns in
US
cardiology practices.

Methods and Results

Among 328 749 current smokers seen between January 1, 2013, and March 31, 2016, in 348 NCDR (National Cardiovascular Data Registry) PINNACLE (Practice Innovation and Clinical Excellence)‐affiliated cardiology practices, we measured the rates of cessation assistance. We used multivariable hierarchical logistic regression models to determine provider‐, practice‐, and patient‐level predictors of cessation assistance. We measured provider variation in cessation assistance using median rate ratio (the likelihood that the same patient would receive the same assistance at by any given provider; >1.2 suggests significant variation). Smoking cessation assistance was documented in only 34% of encounters. Despite adjustment of provider, practice, and patient characteristics, there was large provider‐level variation in cessation assistance (median rate ratio, 6 [95%
CI
, 5.76–6.32]). Practice location in the South region (odds ratio [OR], 0.48 [0.37–0.63] versus West region) and rural or suburban location (OR, 0.92 [0.88–0.95] for rural; OR, 0.94 [0.91–0.97] for suburban versus urban) were associated with lower rates of cessation assistance. Similarly, older age (OR, 0.88 [0.88–0.89] per 10‐year increase), diabetes mellitus (OR, 0.84 [0.82–0.87]), and atrial fibrillation (OR, 0.93 [0.91–0.96]) were associated with lower odds of receiving cessation assistance.

Conclusions

In a large contemporary
US
registry, only 1 in 3 smokers presenting for a cardiology visit received smoking cessation assistance. Our findings suggest the presence of a large deficit and largely idiosyncratic provider‐level variation in the provision of smoking cessation assistance.
Elevated Mitral Valve Pressure Gradient Is Predictive of Long‐Term Outcome After Percutaneous Edge‐to‐Edge Mitral Valve Repair in Patients With Degenerative Mitral Regurgitation (MR), But Not in Functional MR
Authors: Patzelt Johannes , Zhang Wenzhong , Sauter Reinhard , Mezger Matthias , Nording Henry , Ulrich Miriam , Becker Annika , Patzelt Tara , Rudolph Volker , Eitel Ingo , Saad Mohammed , Bamberg Fabian , Schlensak Christian , Gawaz Meinrad , Boekstegers Peter , Schreieck Juergen , Seizer Peter , Langer Harald F.
Published: June 2019

Background

This study analyzed the effects on long‐term outcome of residual mitral regurgitation (
MR
) and mean mitral valve pressure gradient (
MVPG
) after percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair using the MitraClip system.

Methods and Results

Two hundred fifty‐five patients who underwent percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair were analyzed. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the impact of residual
MR
and
MVPG
on clinical outcome. A combined clinical end point (all‐cause mortality,
MV
surgery, redo procedure, implantation of a left ventricular assist device) was used. After percutaneous edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair, mean
MVPG
increased from 1.6±1.0 to 3.1±1.5 mm Hg (
P
<0.001). Reduction of
MR
severity to ≤2+ postintervention was achieved in 98.4% of all patients. In the overall patient cohort, residual
MR
was predictive of the combined end point while elevated
MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg was not according to Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses. We then analyzed the cohort with degenerative and that with functional
MR
separately to account for these different entities. In the cohort with degenerative
MR
, elevated
MVPG
was associated with increased occurrence of the primary end point, whereas this was not observed in the cohort with functional
MR
.

Conclusions

MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg after MitraClip implantation was predictive of clinical outcome in the patient cohort with degenerative
MR
. In the patient cohort with functional
MR
,
MVPG
>4.4 mm Hg was not associated with increased clinical events.
Political Inequality, “Real” Public Preferences, Historical Comparisons & Axes of Disadvantage
Authors: Hochschild Jennifer L.
Published: June 2019

The essays in this issue of Dædalus raise fascinating and urgent questions about inequality, time, and interdisciplinary research. They lead me to ask further questions about the public's commitment to reducing inequality, the importance of political power in explaining and reducing social and economic inequities, and the possible incommensurability of activists’ and policy-makers’ vantage points or job descriptions.
Pluteus bizioi (Agaricales, Pluteaceae), a new species from Italy
Authors: FERISIN GIULIANO , DOVANA FRANCESCO , JUSTO ALFREDO
Published: June 2019

The authors describe the macro-, microscopic and ecological features of Pluteus bizioi, a new taxon belonging to the genus Pluteus Fr. The species was found on alluvial soil, in an area close to the bank of the Isonzo (Soca) river where trunks and branches of willows had been stacked. This taxon is characterized by a brown pileus with dark brown or blackish scales, utriform cheilocystidia and the presence of pleurocystidia and caulocystidia. The description is illustrated with photographs of the basidiomata in habitat and photographs of the main microscopic features. Molecular data (nrITS) support the recognition of this new species.
A new species of Parasyrisca (Araneae: Gnaphosidae) from Xinjiang, China
Authors: MARUSIK YURI M. , FRITZÉN NICLAS R.
Published: June 2019

The Holarctic genus Parasyrisca Schenkel, 1963 so far encompasses 46 species (Platnick 2008). It is one of the best-known species-diverse gnaphosid genera in the northern Hemisphere, due to a recent revision (Ovtsharenko et al. 1995). Most of the species are known from the Caucasus, Central Asia, South Siberia and Mongolia. While studying spiders of Central Xinjiang we found one undescribed Parasyrisca species (Marusik et al. 2007). Here we present a description of it. The format of the description and standard abbreviations of morphological terms follow those of Platnick & Shadab (1975) and Ovtsharenko et al. (1995). Specimens were photographed using an Olympus SZX12 stereomicroscope and Olympus Camedia C-5050 camera in the Zoological Museum, University of Turku. The images have been composed using “CombineZM” image stacking software. All measurements are given in millimeters. Types will be deposited in the Zoological Institute in Beijing (ZIB).
A new species of Archirhagio Rohdendorf, 1938 from the Middle Jurassic of Inner Mongolia of China (Diptera: Archisargidae)
Authors: ZHANG KUIYAN , LI JINHUA , YANG DING , REN DONG
Published: June 2019

The small genus Archirhagio Rohdendorf is an extinct Jurassic group of brachyceran flies. So far, only two known species have been found in the Middle/Upper Jurassic of Karatau (Kazakhstan) and the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou (Inner Mongolia, China) respectively. In this paper, a new species from the Middle Jurassic of Daohugou is described. A key to the species of the genus Archirhagio is given.
Two new species of genus Paratachycines Storozhenko 1990 from China (Orthoptera: Rhaphidophoridae Aemodogryllinae)
Authors: ZHANG FENG , LIU XIAN-WEI , BI WEN-XUAN
Published: June 2019

Paratachycines was proposed by Storozhenko in 1990 with the type species, Paratachycines ussuriensis Storozhenko, 1990. Paratachycines includes 15 species belonging to 4 subgenera (Eades et al, 2007): Allotachycines, Hemitachycines, Orphanotettix and Paratachycines. In the present paper, two new species Paratachycines (Paratachycines) hebeiensis sp. nov.; Paratachycines (Hemitachycines) xiai sp. nov. are described. The recently described Paratachycines (Paratachycines) thailandensis Gorochov, 2002 maybe belong to the genus Eutachycines Storozhenko 1990. All specimens are deposited in the Shanghai Entomology Museum, the Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Pheidole bilimeki Reconsidered (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: LONGINO JOHN T. , COX DANIEL J.
Published: June 2019

Pheidole bilimeki is a common ant species throughout northern South America, Central America, and southern Mexico. Character variation is reevaluated and Pheidole bilimeki is redefined. Pheidole anastasii rev. stat. and P. jamaicensis rev. stat., n. stat. are removed from synonymy and P. jamaicensis is elevated to species rank. Pheidole anastasii is a relatively uniform species that lives in plant cavities in the understory of closed canopy forest. Pheidole jamaicensis and P. bilimeki inhabit open areas and are often associated with human altered landscapes. Pheidole anastasii occurs in lowland Atlantic slope forests from Panama to Guatemala and southern Mexico (Chiapas); P. jamaicensis is restricted to the islands of Jamaica and Hispaniola; P. bilimeki occurs on Cuba, the Bahamas, and the American mainland. Differentiating characters are also provided for Pheidole punctatissima, a common species with habitus and habits similar to P. bilimeki.
The oldest Calopterygidae in the Eocene Baltic amber (Odonata: Zygoptera)
Authors: FLECK GÜNTHER , WALLER ALAIN , SERAFIN JACEK , NEL ANDRÉ
Published: June 2019

A larva of the damselfly family Calopterygidae is described from Eocene Baltic amber. It is the oldest record of this family partially filling the gap between previous records from the Oligocene and the Mesozoic inferred from molecular analyses for this family.
Two new species of Parosmylus Needham (Neuroptera, Osmylidae) from China, with a key to Chinese species
Authors: WANG YONGJIE , LIU ZHIQI
Published: June 2019

Two new species of the genus Parosmylus are described: they are Parosmylus liupanshanensis sp. nov., Parosmylus brevicornis sp. nov. A key to species in China is given.
New species of Phrynocephalus (Squamata, Agamidae) from Qinghai, Northwest China
Authors: JI XIANG , WANG YUE-ZHAO , WANG ZHENG
Published: June 2019

A new viviparous species of Phrynocephalus from Guinan, Qinghai, China, is described. Phrynocephalus guinanensis sp. nov., differs from all congeners in the following combination of characters: body large and relatively robust; dorsal ground color of head, neck, trunk, limbs and tail brown with weak light brown mottling; lateral ground color of head, neck, trunk and tail light black with weak white-gray mottling in adult males, and green with weak white-gray mottling in adult females; ventral ground color of tail white-gray to black in the distal part of the tail in adult males, and totally white-gray in adult females; ventral surfaces of hind-limbs white-gray; ventral surfaces of fore-limbs brick-red in adult males, and white-gray in adult females; ventral ground color of trunk and head black in the center but, in the periphery, brick-red in adult males and white-gray in adult females. Phrynocephalus guinanensis sp. nov. typically uses desert habitats, whereas P. vlangalii, a species closely related to the new form, uses a variety of arid and semi-arid habitats. It is the nineteenth species of Phrynocephalus recorded from China.
A new species of Pristimantis (Anura: Strabomantidae) from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Region Loreto and San Martín)
Authors: LEHR EDGAR , Catenazzi Alessandro , RODRÍGUEZ DANIEL
Published: June 2019

A new species of Pristimantis from the Amazonian lowlands of northern Peru (Regions of Loreto and San Martín) is described. The new species has a snout-vent length of 32.6–36.5 mm (n = 3) in adult females, and 20.0–25.1 mm (n = 4) in adult males. It differs from all Pristimantis of the Amazonian lowlands in having a contrasting life coloration pattern of black with white or whitish blue blotches in axilla, groin, anterior and posterior surfaces of the thighs and concealed surfaces of the tibia.
Combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of Ephemerellinae (Ephemerellidae: Ephemeroptera), with remarks about classification
Authors: OGDEN T. HEATH , OSBORNE JONATHAN T. , JACOBUS LUKE M. , WHITING MICHAEL F.
Published: June 2019

This study represents the first combined molecular and morphological analysis for the mayfly family Ephemerellidae (Ephemeroptera), with a focus on the relationships of genera and species groups of the subfamily Ephemerellinae. The phylogeny was constructed based on DNA sequence data from 3 nuclear (18S rDNA, 28S rDNA, histone H3) and 2 mitochondrial (12S rDNA, 16S rDNA) genes, and 23 morphological characters. Taxon sampling for Ephemerellidae included exemplars from all 25 extant genus groups and additional representatives from those genera with the highest diversity. Ephemerellidae appears to consist of three major clades. Ephemerella, the largest genus of Ephemerellidae, and Serratella were not supported as monophyletic, and each had representatives in two of the three major clades. However, the genera Drunella and Cincticostella were supported as monophyletic. Lineages strongly supported as monophyletic include a grouping of the Timpanoginae genera Timpanoga, Dannella, Dentatella and Eurylophella, and groupings of the Ephemerellinae genera Torleya, Hyrtanella and Crinitella and the genera Kangella, Uracanthella and Teloganopsis. The placement of the Timpanoginae genus Attenella fell within Ephemerellinae, based on molecular and combined data, but it grouped with other Timpanoginae based on morphological data alone. Further study and analysis of Ephemerellidae morphology is needed, and classification should be revised, if it is to reflect phylogenetic relationships.
Morphological disparity despite genetic similarity; new species of Lobosorchis Miller & Cribb, 2005 (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae) from the Great Barrier Reef and the Maldives
Authors: MILLER TERRENCE L. , DOWNIE ABIGAIL J. , CRIBB THOMAS H.
Published: June 2019

Examination of the humpback red snapper, Lutjanus gibbus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae), from Lizard Island off the Great Barrier Reef and Rasdhoo Atoll, Maldives revealed the presence of a new species of Lobosorchis (Digenea: Cryptogonimidae), L. polygongylus n. sp. Lobosorchis polygongylus n. sp. is distinguished from the typeand only other species, L. tibaldiae by the combination of body size, oral spine number (60–81 in L. polygongylus, 47–56 in L. tibaldiae) and number of testes (13–25 in L. polygongylus, 9 in L. tibaldiae). Bayesian inference analysis using data from the internal transcribed spacers 1 and 2 (ITS1 and ITS2), 5.8S and the large subunit (LSU) nuclear ribosomal DNA of L. polygongylus, L. tibaldiae and species of Beluesca, Caulanus, Chelediadema, Neometadena, Latuterus, Retrovarium and Siphoderina was performed to explore phylogenetic relationships of species of Lobosorchis with other cryptogonimid taxa. Despite the significant morphological differences between Lobosorchis polygongylus and L. tibaldiae, these two species differed consistently by only 5 base pairs (bp) over the entire ITS region (3 bp in ITS1, 0 bp in 5.8S and 2 bp in ITS2) and 1 bp in the LSU rDNA regions examined. The ITS2 rDNA region was sequenced from metacercariae obtained from the fins, flesh or body cavities of a number of fishes belonging to the Blenniidae, Pomacentridae and Tetraodontidae and analysed using minimum evolution analysis with L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae. This revealed the presence of two additional genotypes (putative Lobosorchis sp. A and B), which consistently differed from L. polygongylus by 1 and 4 bp, L. tibaldiae by 1 and 4 bp and from each other by 3 bp over the ITS2 dataset. Although these genetic differences are relatively small, when evaluated in light of the differences observed between L. polygongylus and L. tibaldiae (which are morphologically quite distinct) and differences seen in other congeneric cryptogonimid taxa, the ITS2 rDNA data alone suggest that at least two more species of Lobosorchis are present at Lizard Island. These data also suggest that the ITS2 rDNA region alone is suitable for resolving operational taxonomic units (OTUs) at the species level within the Cryptogonimidae based on what was observed in this and other cryptogonimid systems. A morphological description of metacercariae of L. tibaldiae obtained from two species of Pomacentridae at Heron Island, off the Great Barrier Reef is also provided.
Review of the West Indian species of Efferia Coquillett (Diptera: Asilidae) with 13 new species and checklist: Part II. Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and Lesser Antilles including Tobago and Trinidad
Authors: SCARBROUGH AUBREY G. , PEREZ-GELABERT DANIEL E.
Published: June 2019

The species of Efferia from Hispaniola, Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles are reviewed. Twenty species are recognized including 12 new species from the Dominican Republic: E. alia sp. nov., E. angusta sp. nov., E. bullata sp. nov., E. clava sp. nov., E. exacta sp. nov., E. incisura sp. nov., E. picea sp. nov., E. serrula sp. nov., E. sinuosa sp. nov., E. suspiciosa sp. nov., E. spinula sp. nov., and E. woodleyi sp. nov., and 1 from Puerto Rico: E. montensis sp. nov. Seven previously described West Indian species are recognized: E. forbesi (Curran, 1931), E. fortis (Walker, 1855), E. fulvibarbis (Macquart, 1848), E. haitensis (Macquart, 1848), E. nigrimystacea (Macquart, 1847), E. portoricensis (Curran, 1919), and E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775). An unresolved species from Tobago and Trinidad is also reported. All of these belong to the aestuans species group. New synonyms include: E. pachychaetus (Bromley, 1928) = E. fulvibarbis (Macquart, 1848), syn. nov.; E. tortola (Curran, 1928) = E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775), syn. nov.; and Phoneus flavotibius Bigot, 1878, = E. fortis (Walker, 1855), syn. nov. Efferia haitensis (Macquart, 1848) is removed from synonymy with E. stylata (Fabricius, 1775). The male of E. stylata is discovered and described. Lectotypes are designated for E. haitensis and E. nigrimystacea. The species is removed from the list of species from Hispaniola. Endemism is high with most species limited to single islands. Only E. stylata and E. forbesi occurring in Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands and E. nigrimystacea in the Lesser Antilles are more widespread. Hispaniola has the greatest diversity with 15 species whereas Puerto Rico, the British and US Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles have 5. Keys, illustrations of the left wing of selected males, and terminalia of all known species are included. A check-list of the West Indian species of Efferia, including an unresolved species from Tobago and Trinidad, is also provided.
New southern African species and a revalidation in the dung beetle genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) with an updated key
Authors: DESCHODT CHRISTIAN M. , DAVIS ADRIAN L.V.
Published: June 2019

Three new species are described in the genus Gyronotus van Lansberge, 1874 (Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae), from upland grasslands of South Africa. They are Gyronotus dracomontanus Deschodt & Davis, new species, Gyronotus ovalis Deschodt & Davis, new species and Gyronotus kearneyorum Deschodt & Davis, new species. The South African coastal forest species, Gyronotus marginatus Péringuey, 1888, status revised, is removed from synonymy with Gyronotus pumilus (Boheman, 1857) and revalidated at species level. An updated key to all South African and eSwatini species is provided.
A new pseudoscorpion genus from western Georgia (Pseudoscorpiones: Neobisiidae: Cornuroncus n. gen.), with a key to all Neobisiinae genera
Authors: NASSIRKHANI MAHRAD , ZARAGOZA JUAN A. , MUMLADZE LEVAN
Published: June 2019

A new genus and species of epigean pseudoscorpions belonging to the subfamily Neobisiinae Chamberlin, 1930, is described from western Georgia and its diagnostic characters are illustrated. Cornuroncus n. gen. resembles the genus Roncus L. Koch, 1873 in several characters but differs by having a short dorso-distal spine on tarsus IV, and the presence of a ventral tooth on one of the claws of tarsus IV. An identification key for all valid Neobisiinae genera is provided.
First record of the heart urchin Metalia persica (Mortensen, 1940) (Spatangoida: Brissidae) from the Chennai coast, India
Authors: KANAGARAJ CHAMUNDEESWARI , MOOI RICH , KUMAR DEEPAK SAMUEL VIJAY , PREMACHANDRAN HRISHIKESH , RAJENDRAN ABHILASH KOTTARATHIL , RETHINAVELU SANKAR , RAMACHANDRAN PURVAJA , RAMACHANDRAN RAMESH
Published: June 2019

The irregular urchin, Metalia persica (Mortensen, 1940), a heart urchin of the family Brissidae, is reported for the first time from the southeastern coast of India. A single specimen was collected from fishing by-catch at Chinna Neelankarai (12º 56’ 29.7” N, 80º 15’ 36.6” E),  Chennai on April 5, 2018. Metalia persica was previously recorded only from the Persian Gulf (Arabian Gulf). This study records Metalia persica for the first time from Indian waters, in the Bay of Bengal, and elucidates features of the anal fasciole.
Taxonomic study of the genus Eretmocera Zeller, 1852 (Lepidoptera: Scythrididae) from China, with descriptions of three new species
Authors: LOU KANG , YU DIAN , YOU WANXUE , LI HOUHUN
Published: June 2019

Four species of the genus Eretmocera Zeller, 1852 from China are reviewed. Three species are described as new: Eretmocera yingjiangensis Li, sp. nov., E. octopunctata Li, sp. nov. and E. artemisiae Li, sp. nov. Eretmocera impactella (Walker, 1864) is redescribed based on specimens founded on Yunnan, China. Photographs of adults and genitalia are provided, and a key to the Eretmocra species that occur in China is given.
Alloperla clarki sp. nov. (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae), a new species from the eastern Nearctic with discussion of a new species group
Authors: GRUBBS SCOTT A. , BAUMANN RICHARD W.
Published: June 2019

Alloperla Banks, 1906 (Plecoptera: Chloroperlidae) is a speciose genus of spring- and summer-emergent stoneflies known from the Oriental, eastern Palearctic, and Nearctic realms. Over 50 species are currently recognized. Alloperla clarki sp. nov. is described herein from the adult male stage from a small geographic area in the Appalachian Mountains in Virginia and West Virginia, USA. Diagnostic characters are presented with scanning electron microscope (SEM) photomicrographs. Alloperla clarki sp. nov. most closely resembles A. biserrata Nelson & Kondratieff, 1980, A. nanina Banks, 1911, and A. stipitata Surdick, 2004. These four species share similar characteristics of the male epiproct and appear to comprise a species group. The Alloperla nanina Group is formally proposed. Comparative SEM images are also provided for A. biserrata, A. nanina, and A. stipitata to assist with differentiating between these four species.
Three new species of Thaloe Brescovit (Araneae: Anyphaenidae: Anyphaeninae), with descriptions of the first known females of the genus
Authors: BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , OLIVEIRA LUIZ FERNANDO M.
Published: June 2019

Three new species of the genus Thaloe are described from Antillean region: Thaloe maricao n. sp., from Maricao, Puerto Rico and Virgin Island, Thaloe leboulet n. sp., from Le Boulet and Mariani, Haiti and Thaloe ebano n. sp., from the Dominican Republic. Females of species of this genus are described for the first time.