bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Line Thrombosis in Patient on Maintenance Hemodialysis with use of Trisodium Citrate 4% V/S Heparin at Sheikh Zayed Hospital Rahim Yar Khan
Authors: Hussain Abid , Hussain Mazhar , Iqbal Javed , Saeed Rabia
Published: September 2021

Background: Conventional Heparin and Tri-sodium citrate 4% are used for locking double lumen catheter after dialysis to prevent line thrombosis. Objectives: To compare the line thrombosis after use of heparin and tri-sodium citrate 4%. Methodology: Randomized controlled trial study involving patient who develop line thrombosis after use of heparin and tri-sodium citrate 4% from February 2020 to August 2020. The study was done on a group of 200 patients who had poor blood flow in double lumen catheter during dialysis. After informed consent first detailed clinical history was taken from patient. Inclusion criteria waspatient of age 14 year of above either gender who presented with renal failure, whom dialysis was performed via temporary catheter or permanent catheter. Conventional heparin and tri-sodium citrate are used as line blocking agents and line thrombosis was observed in patients. The data was entered and analyzed SPSS 20. Results: During this research work 200 double lumen were paced in patients. Out of these, in 100 patients heparin was used as locking solution and locking period was 45-60 days. In remaining 100 patients tri-sodium citrate was used as locking solution in the locking period was 45-60 days. There was no difference in patient’s comorbid conditions in both groups of the patients (Figure1). The catheter change rate was greater in patients whose catheter were locked with heparin (52 patients) as compared to tri-sodium citrate (42 patients). The proportion of the patient who needs replacement of the double lumen were 81% in conventional heparin sulphate and 65% with 4% tri-sodium citrate groups. There was longer insertion time for requiring double lumen for line thrombosis related poor blood flow in patients in which 4% tri-sodium citrate were used for catheter locked with comparison to the group in which heparin sulphate were used for locking (Figure2). The average hospitalization for line related thrombosis was longer in heparin group (10.5 days) as compared to citrate group 3.2 days. (P=0.02) The hospitalization rate was 6% in heparin group as compared to 2.5% in tri-sodium citrate group (P=045%). Conclusion: Tri-sodium citrate 4% is equally effective cheap and beneficial with comparison to heparin sulphate. It showed good outcome as far as change of double lumen or double lumen related infection or hospital admission when compared with heparin sulphate. Randomized trials while using tri-sodium citrate with other anti-coagulant would definitely will decide the better double lumen catheter locking agent. Key Words: End stage kidney failure, Advanced renal disease, Dialysis, double lumen blood flow.
Criminal law pedagogy
Authors: Pascoe Daniel
Published: September 2021

Book Review: The Teaching of Criminal Law: The Pedagogical Imperatives, Kris Gledhill and Ben Livings (eds) (Routledge 2017)
Rationales: rejected, imagined and real – provocation, loss of control and extreme mental or emotional disturbance
Authors: Bergelson Vera
Published: September 2021

What makes intentional killing under provocation less reprehensible than murder? The answer to this question determines the rationale for the law; and the choice of the primary rationale – justificatory or excusatory – determines the scope and fundamental features of the partial defence.In this article, I attempt to parse through two reforms – one promulgated by the Model Penal Code 1980 (MPC), the other by the Law Commission for England and Wales – and compare their versions of the defence both to each other and to the ‘loss of self-control’ defence of the Coroners and Justice Act 2009 in the hope of determining and appraising the governing rationales for each version of the defence. I conclude that the largely justificatory defence of provocation developed by the Law Commission (and to a lesser degree the ‘loss of self-control’ defence) is legally and morally preferable to the largely excusatory defence proposed by the MPC.
APLIKASI PENILAIAN DARING
Authors: Ikhsanto M Nur , Sutomo Budi , Putri Estu
Published: September 2021

Penilaian atau pengisian angka hasil belajar pada masa pandemi covid-19 menjadi permasalahan serius, selain dari kegiatan belajar mengajar antara peserta didik dan tenaga pendidik, dalam proses penilaian pada kampus STMIK Dharma Wacana tidak secara online, adapun keluhan yang dialami dosen dan mahasiswa yaitu proses penilaian pada masa pandemi tidak bisa dilakukan secara tatap muka. dengan adanya permasalahan tersebut agar dapat membantu dosen dan mahasiswa dalam menangani masalah maka perlu dibangun sebuah aplikasi untuk proses penilaian dan pembelajaran secara online. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode design UML dan pengembangan sistem menggunakan model waterfall yang meliputi tahap analisis, design, implementasi dan pengujian
Galenic Hospital Laboratory during COVID-19 emergency - A practical experience in an advanced country
Authors: Fiazza C. , Ferraiuolo A. , Luisetto M. , Sahu Ram .
Published: September 2021

In the actual Covid-19 emergency, as pandemic disease, in many countries at the same time, there was the rapid need to use preventive and therapeutic measures to control the diffusion of infection. In PC Area (Italy North) during the period between March and May 2020, there were observed about 1000 deaths related to Covid-19 (in March 2020 271% death vs 2020). Between all the measures submitted by a public international institution like WHO, OMS, CDC and many others, the deeply use of disinfectants product became a crucial fact in safety procedure and protocols. The high amount of these disinfectants and antiseptic was needed especially in hospital settings or assimilates structure (named as the Covid-19 hospital) but also for territorial healthcare need. So, it was needed to buy these products from industries but also to start an internal production in Galenic Laboratories. This was because of pharmaceutical industries were not provided, in some cases, the requested amount of these safe life products. In this work, we reported a practical experience in a public hospital, PC area related galenic extra-ordinary production of disinfectants and antiseptics. The result of this local experience can be easily translated to other advanced and developing countries in the world.
Cotrimoxazole and teicoplanin in the management of Covid-19: Pleiotropic effects, shadows and lights
Authors: Al-Kuraishy Hayder M. , Al-Gareeb Ali I. , RaAl-Buhadilyj Ali K.
Published: September 2021

At present, coronavirus disease 2020 (Covid-19), caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, has turned into a global pandemic. Comparable to the H7N9 virus, SARS-CoV-2 causes soaring mortality in elderly patients who have pre-existing chronic diseases. SARS-CoV-2 infects human epithelial cells by binding to human angiotensin-converting enzyme2 (ACE2). Multi-organ failure has been observed in some patients with severe COVID-19. TheACE2 expression proﬁle suggests that SARS-CoV-2 infection may initiate or even directly cause organ failure. In addition to direct infection, evidence shows that an elevated inflammatory immune response is also involved in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity of the cotrimoxazole (CTX) and teicoplanin are seen in several studies that show the lower concentrations of plasma pro-inflammatory markers like CRP, IL6 in continuous CTX prophylaxis, suggesting its role as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation. The present review concludes that both teicoplanin and CTX are effective in the management of Covid-19 through anti-SARS-CoV-2 and anti-inflammatory effects as well as controlling of secondary bacterial infections
Descrição de possíveis microRNAs envolvidos na imunopatogênese do vírus Zika relacionados a microcefalia
Authors: Melo Karla Fabiane Lopes de , Luna Francisco Canindé Ferreira de , Pamponet Lucas dos Santos , Dias Fernanda Rodrigues , Freitas Maria Clara Valente de , Franco Edna Cristina , Casseb Samir Mansour
Published: September 2021

O vírus Zika (VZIK) é um flavivírus da família Flaviviridae, que apresenta um genoma composto por RNA fita simples de polaridade positiva, não segmentado, que codifica uma grande poliproteína precursora que é clivada originando três proteínas estruturais e sete proteínas não estruturais. Apresentando a capacidade de infectar células progenitoras neurais, a microcefalia é a mais grave e irreversível complicação neurológica associada ao VZIK, causando desenvolvimento inadequado e/ou destruição de células neurais, processo que pode estar relacionado a alterações do perfil de expressão dos microRNAs (miRNAs) do hospedeiro. Os miRNAs são pequenas moléculas de RNA não codificadores de proteínas, que apresentam importância em diversos processos biológicos, como no desenvolvimento embrionário, estando envolvidos na regulação gênica de células-tronco embrionárias e em processos relacionados à neurogênese. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura a partir da bibliografia disponível a respeito do vírus Zika, onde 25 artigos foram qualificados para agregar os resultados. Os miRNAs estudados, miR-9, miR-124, miR-128, miR-17-92, Let-7, miR-302, miR-290, miR-155 e miR-146, demonstram ter significativa importância nos processos envolvendo a imunopatogênese do VZIK em casos de microcefalia, estando incluídos em processos relacionados a determinação de linhagens neurais, ativação e regulação do sistema imune, proliferação e diferenciação celular durante desenvolvimento embrionário.
A influência da idade e do tempo de experiência na ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho no segmento sucroalcooleiro
Authors: Da Silva Antonio Francisco Lopes , Hermosilla José Luís Garcia , Achcar Jorge Alberto , Rodrigues Guilherme Afonso , Da Silva Ethel
Published: September 2021

Os acidentes do trabalho têm sido considerados um problema de saúde pública em virtude de seus impactos socioeconômicos e das limitações que impõem ao trabalhador e à economia do país. O perfil do trabalhador tem se mostrado diretamente ligado à ocorrência destes eventos, e sua compreensão tem contribuído para o desenvolvimento de políticas de natureza prevencionista. O objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar se há relação entre os fatores idade, tempo de experiência, e o setor de trabalho com o envolvimento em acidentes de trabalho e sua gravidade. A pesquisa quantitativa de natureza exploratória-descritiva, tomou como base os registros de acidentes de trabalho documentados pelo Departamento de Segurança do Trabalho de uma empresa de grande porte do setor sucroalcooleiro, de um contingente de 770 trabalhadores de uma usina durante 2 anos safra (2015/16 e 2017/17). Os resultados apontam que os fatores idade e o setor ao qual o trabalhador pertence são os fatores mais associados a frequência dos acidentes e a sua gravidade. As análises reforçam a importância dos programas de treinamento em segurança do trabalho e do direcionamento de programas de treinamento de segurança mais específicos aos trabalhadores do setor industrial.
MADDE KULLANIMI VE BABA OĞUL İLİŞKİLERİNE DAİR NİTEL BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: AKTÜRK İlker , YAMAN Ömer Miraç
Published: September 2021

Madde kullanım ekseninde baba çocuk ilişkisine odaklanan çalışma sayısı oldukça azdır. Bu çalışma madde kullanım sürecinde şekillenen baba oğul ilişkisini betimleyebilmek adına yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemleri kullanılmış ve 20 baba, 20 madde kullanıcısı olmak üzere toplamda 40 kişiyle derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen verilerin analiz edilmesi sonucunda Babalığa İlişkin Tanımlamalar, Babalar ve Duygusal İletişim ve Madde Kullanım Sürecinde Baba Oğul İlişkisi olmak üzere 3 tema ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların babalara ve babalığa ilişkin tanımlamaları; sorumluluk sahibi, kural koyucu, eğitici, koruyup kollayıcı şeklinde dile getirmektedir. Katılımcıların bu tanımlamalarının babalarından beklenen davranışlarla bağlantılı olduğu düşünülmektedir. Aynı zamanda bunlar, toplumdaki hakim babalık kültürüne ilişkin ipuçlarını da bünyesinde taşımaktadır. Babalar ve oğulları arasındaki ilişki genel itibariyle duygusal açıdan eksik bulunmuştur. Madde kullanım sürecinde babaların çocuklarına sevdiğini söylemek, derdini paylaşmak, sözel destek sağlamak gibi sözel duygu ifadelerinde ve sarılmak, başını okşamak gibi fiziksel duygu ifadelerinde önemli eksikliklerin olduğu görülmüştür. Duygu ifadelerindeki eksiklik, babaların reddedici tutumlarla anılmalarına, soğuk ve mesafeli ilişkiler ile tanımlanmalarına yol açmaktadır. Bununla beraber, babalar ve oğulları arasındaki ilişki genellike gergin, soğuk ve mesafeli bir boyut taşımaktadır. Bu yönüyle ilişkinin çoğunlukla olumsuz olarak nitelendirildiği görülmüştür. Madde kullanım sürecinin hem baba hem de çocukta oluşturduğu etki, bu ilişkiyi iyice yıpratmakta ve sağlıklı bir ilişki kurulmasını zorlaştırmaktadır.
Direitos humanos, constitucionalismo transnacional e redução das desigualdades raciais: desafios pós-pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Teixeira Anderson Vichinkeski , Bragato Fernanda Frizzo
Published: September 2021

Este artigo parte do pressuposto de que o impacto desproporcional da COVID-19 sobre a população negra no Brasil é um problema de racismo estrutural. Por outro lado, assume que o constitucionalismo transnacional surge como alternativa possível para a prevenção de crises globais, como é caso desta pandemia. Nesse sentido, o racismo estrutural, que ressalta o impacto da crise global de COVID-19 sobre os negros no Brasil, é um desafio que o constitucionalismo global terá que enfrentar a fim de não reproduzir estruturas implícita ou explicitamente marcadas pelo racismo. Na primeira parte, o artigo recolhe dados preliminares acerca dos impactos da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil, sobretudo nos negros. Após, discute estudos atinentes aos temas racismo, poder e discurso. Na terceira parte, reconstrói brevemente conceitos centrais do constitucionalismo transnacional a partir de sua evolução no Ocidente. Por fim, reflete sobre os três possíveis desafios ao constitucionalismo transnacional no combate às desigualdades raciais em cenários pós-pandemia: desafio teórico-normativo, desafio estrutural-funcional e desafio político-pragmático.
Desintegração jurídica e uma teoria do Estado
Authors: Clune William H.
Published: September 2021

Este artigo descreve uma topologia do pensamento jurídico e as condições sociais de que essa topologia, esse pensamento, é um componente. Propõe-se que o pensamento jurídico seja composto por um núcleo e uma periferia e que toda a estrutura corresponda aproximadamente à dicotômica e fragmentada economia política do moderno Estado de bem-estar social democrático. A parte I é uma descrição da estrutura do pensamento jurídico. Nesse sentido, considera-se que o pensamento jurídico possui um núcleo e uma periferia, ambos os quais interagem de maneiras que denomino transição e reintegração. O núcleo compreende um modelo de Tribunais, litigância e processos judiciais; um modelo de Direito Provado da ordem social; justificação ética; racionalidade interpretativa; e uma visão hegemônica da influência jurídica. A periferia, por sua vez, é composta pela legislação e diplomas; um modelo de Direito Público da ordem social; análise de política pública como racionalidade; interpretação jurídica positivista; e uma visão marginalista da influência jurídica. A parte II descreve a estrutura do Direito e a sua relação com a Economia política, incluindo as tendências em direção à reintegração nos aspectos periféricos da Economia política, enfatizando a cooperação social. A conclusão considera o lugar da prática jurídica tradicional em um novo panorama.
DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF RP-HPLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF CLIDINIUM BROMIDE, CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE AND DICYCLOMINE HYDROCHLORIDE IN TABLET DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Sharma Rajesh , Sharma Mukesh C. , Vijaywargiya Gaurav ,   School of Pharmacy, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya Takshashila Campus, Khandwa Road, Indore - 452 001, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

A simple, specific, accurate reversed phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of clidinium bromide, chlordiazepoxide and dicyclomine hydrochloride. Chromatographic separation of the three drugs was performed on a Chromatopak C-18 column (25 cm x 4.6 i.d. x 5µm) as the stationary phase with a mobile phase composed of 0.1 % triethylamine in water pH adjusted by 5 % o-phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in the ratio 30:70 at a flow rate of 0.8mL/min, Detection was carried out at 210 nm. The retention times of clidinium bromide, chlordiazepoxide and, dicyclomine hydrochloride were found to be 3.9 min, 5.4 min, and 6.8 min, respectively. The proposed method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, LOD and LOQ.
PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL SCREENING AND IMPORTANCE OF MARSDENIA TENACISSIMA: A REVIEW
Authors: Porwal Mayur , Kumar Arvind , Maheshwari Kamal K. , Khan Najam A. ,   Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad - 244 102, Uttar Pradesh, India,   Department of Pharmacy, M.J.P.Rohilkhand University, Bareilly - 243 006, Uttar Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

In conventional methods of medication, Marsdenia tenacissima (family: Apocynaceae) is used in the treatment of scurvy, urinary diseases, arthritis, heart disease, skin disease, pruritus, vomiting and intermittent fever. Estimation of biological activities confirmed that M. tenacissima plant shows antipyretic, antioxidant, anticancer and anti-HIV activities. This assessment presents the phytochemical constituents, traditional importance and pharmacological activities accounted for the plant in recent literature and it will be supportive to explore incisive information about M. tenacissima for the researchers.
POTENTIATING MICONAZOLE ACTIVITY WITH CLOVE OIL AND CHITOSAN IN MICROEMULSION BASED GEL FOR TREATMENT OF FUNGAL INFECTION
Authors: Pandey Durga , Rajak Rajni , Mahor Alok , Jain Surendra , Jain Deepti ,   School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Air Port Road Gandhi Nagar, Bhopal – 462 033, Madhya Pradesh, India,   Sagar Institute of Research and Technology-Pharmacy, Ayodhya Bypass Road Bhopal - 462 041, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: September 2021

The study aimed to investigate the in vitro antifungal activity of miconazole entrapped in microemulsion based gel with clove oil as permeation enhancer and chitosan as antifungal agent. SEM confirmed spherical droplets of microemulsion in the 2 micron size range. The viscosity of emugel was 2251 cP, excellent spreadability 31.27 ±0.219 g.cm/cc as compared to marketed formulation. pH was 5.528 ± 0.032, homogeneity was excellent and drug content was 98 % in optimized batch. No drug-excipients interaction was reported in FTIR spectroscopy. In vitro drug release showed 94.8 % in 6 h. Ex vivo skin permeation showed higher steady state flux than conventional cream. Antifungal activity on Candida albicans showed a zone of inhibition more than that of marketed preparation. Thus, it can be concluded that the formulation may hold some promise for the treatment of severe fungal infections.
STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF DACLATASVIR IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM
Authors: Nimje Hemlata M. , Deodhar Meenakshi N. ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, P. D. E. A. Seth Govind Raghunath Sable College of Pharmacy, Saswad, Pune-412 301, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

A simple, specific, precise, and accurate stability-indicating assay method using high performance thinlayer chromatography (HPTLC) is described for estimation of daclatasvir dihydrochloride (DCV) in bulk drug and in the tablet dosage form. The separations were achieved on prepared TLC plates precoated with silica gel 60 F254. The mobile phase developed and optimized for bringing out the separation involves toluene: methanol in the ratio of (6:4 V/V). The densitometric scanning wavelength selected was 312.0 nm. The compact bands of DCV were obtained at RF value of 0.702±0.032. The method developed was able to separate peaks of all the degradation products formed in ICH prescribed stress conditions with sufficient difference in their RF values. The developed method was validated for linearity and range, specificity, precision, accuracy, and robustness, and the results were found to be within acceptance criteria. The reliability of the method was evaluated when it was applied for the estimation of DCV in pharmaceutical tablet formulation and assay results gave good recovery.
FORMULATION AND OPTIMIZATION OF RITONAVIR NASAL NANOSUSPENSION FOR BRAIN TARGETING
Authors: Mulam Tapasya R. , Kshirsagar Sanjay J. , Kakad Smita P. ,   Department of Pharmaceutics, MET’s Institute of Pharmacy, Bhujbal Knowledge City, Adgaon, Nashik - 422 003, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

Nowadays, HIV associated neurological disorder especially HIV-1 virus infection is enhanced. Current available HIV therapies only reduce the plasma viral level and do not kill the virus completely. Administered dosage form does not reach the central nervous system (CNS) completely by the conventional approach. The oral route of drug administration,causes gastrointestinal irritation, hepatic metabolism and slow onset of action and some methods are invasive, resulting in the patient's non compliance. To overcome these problems, an effective novel formulation that will directly reach the CNS or brain needs to be developed.This study aims to formulate intranasal nanosuspension of ritonavir. Ritonavir is widely used as an antiretroviral agent and it is a protease enzyme inhibitor which is poorly soluble in water. High pressure homogenization technique was used for preparation prepare and optimization of nanosuspension by using 2 factors 3 level full factorial design, which is further characterized for particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, pH, drug content, in vitro drug diffusion and ex vivo permeation study. For stability of nanosuspension, lyophilization of optimized formulation was done. A comparison study between plain drug, nanosuspension and the lyophilized formulation was carried out, and it showed a significant increase in drug release from the membrane.
COMPARATIVE PHARMACEUTICAL EVALUATION OF VARIABLE RETAIL PRICED MEDICINES CONTAINING BIOPHARMACEUTICAL CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM CLASS-II OR CLASS-IV DRUGS
Authors: Soni Mahesh S. , Pawar Atmaram P. , Bothiraja Chellampillai , Gaikwad Vinod L. ,   Department of Drug Regulatory Affairs, BVDU Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune-411 038, Maharashtra, India,   Department of Pharmaceutics, BVDU Poona College of Pharmacy, Pune-411 038, Maharashtra, India
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the present study is to highlight the discriminations if any, between the quality of low and high-cost medicines, which would help to select the right brand of medicine. In the present work, brands of medicines having high, medium, and low prices containing either of biopharmaceutical classification system class-II or class-IV drugs were comparatively evaluated for different pharmacopoeial standards as well as for biopharmaceutical classification system solubility and permeability. An ex vivo permeability test was carried out using a simple and non-invasive everted gut sac technique. Insignificant variation in pharmaceutical quality and permeability of the tested three types of brands was observed; however, the study could not consider the state of quality assurance facilities and parameters used while manufacturing these medicines. The study will help to make aware and assure medical and pharmacy practitioners and consumers for the selection of quality quality generic medicines.
IT IS NOW OR NEVER; FOR ENHANCED RESEARCH COLLABORATION, NAY, PARTNERSHIPS BETWEEN INDUSTRY AND INSTITUTES/ACADEMIA
Authors:   Editor,  Indian Drugs, Nair Gopakumar G.
Published: September 2021

Pens have gone dry and words have run out, highlighting the need for Industry-Academia collaboration. However, it is indeed deeply dismaying that very little progress has been made in “building the bridges” we have been advocating and promoting over the last few decades, when the necessity and urgency of innovative research leading to IP/Patent protection and technology licensing is recognised as a priority. Except for couple of pockets of excellence, there have been very few “box office” hits to write about. One example to quote is the Venture Centre at the NCL (National Chemical Laboratory, Pune) headed by Dr. V. Premnath. A few exceptional achievements in a relatively short time by this innovation/start up incubation centre are worth taking note of.
Role Stress, Psychological Well Being and Resilience among Working Professional
Authors:   PhD Scholar, School of Petroleum Management Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Thanki Radhika , Pestonjee D. M. ,   GSPL Chair Professor, School of Petroleum Management,  Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar
Published: September 2021

External demand on biological, social and psychological equilibrium of individuals, called as stress, has adverse impact on health, performance and wellbeing of an individual. One of the principal sectors of life, job and organization, leads to workplace stress. In both developed and developing nations job stress poses significant health risk to employees leading to anxiety, burnout, cardiovascular disease, depression, and insomnia. Declared as worldwide epidemic by WHO, stress, not only results in large emotional cost to worker's performance and financial burden on organization but also accounts for accidents at workplace. In the context of this study, the factor of psychological well-being is a state of mind which includes an individual's desire to live life joyfully, and attain equilibrium between activities at work and efforts to build psychological resilience where resilience is the ability to bounce back or rebound from difficulty or misfortune or even increased responsibility. This analysis which establishes quantitative relationship among organization role stress, psychological well-being and resilience at work can be used by organizations and academia in order to gain insights into organizations role stress, psychological well-being and resilience at workplace.
Dynamic Interaction Between Nifty 50 and Nifty Sectoral Indices: An Empirical Study on Indian Stock Indices
Authors:   Assistant Professor (SS), Department of Business Administration Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore, India, K Ramya , D Bhuvaneshwari ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Humanities PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, India.
Published: September 2021

This study aims to determine the cointegrating and causal relationship between Nifty 50 and Nifty sectoral indices. Historical index data of the select indices were collected from the National Stock Exchange (NSE) database for the period Jan 2014 - Dec 2018. Appropriate Econometric tools - Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test, Phillips and Perron (PP) test, regression model, Granger causality test, and Johansen cointegration test were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study imply that the movements of Nifty sectoral index prices could determine the flow of stock index prices, i.e., Nifty 50 and vice versa during the period of the study which could also help the policymakers and financial planners in providing financial awareness to investors and clients in decision making.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Anaemia in Children Aged Six Months to Fifteen Years Admitted to University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors:   University Teaching Hospital, Inambao M. N. , Mulenga V ,   University Teaching Hospital
Published: September 2021

Background: Anaemia is a public health problem globally affecting 293.1 million children and 28.5% of these children are in sub-Saharan Africa. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of anaemia and the associated risk factors of anaemia in children aged 6 months to 15 years admitted to the University Teaching Hospital. There have been no studies done at University Teaching Hospital to establish the burden of anaemia in children. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to December 2016. 351 children were recruited through convenient sampling methods. Data collection sheet was used to collect socio-demographic and anthropometry data. The prevalence, associated risk factors of anaemia, and morphological types of anaemia were determined after blood investigations were done. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 21.0. The association between predictors and outcome variables were measured using logistic regression and bivariate analysis. Ethical permission was obtained, consent from parents/guardians was taken and confidentiality was maintained. Results: A total of 351 children were studied. The mean age was 3 years (IOR 2-7 years). 45.9% were females and 54.1% were males (P=0.12). The mean cell volume was 74. 5fL.Malnourished children were 37.9% among those who were anaemic as compared to 33.7% in the non-anaemic group. 7.4% of children had positive malaria by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). 23.8% had a positive sickling test. The prevalence of anaemia was 161/351 (45.9%). Mild, moderate, severe anaemia was 47/161(29%), 86/161(53%) and 28/161(17%) respectively. The age group 6 months to 5 years was the most affected with 59% mildly, 69.8% moderately and 71.4% severely anaemic. On bivariate analysis malnutrition, HIV, malaria, age and sex were not associated with anaemia and there was no statistical difference. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the presence of haemoglobin S was the only risk factor independently strongly associated with Anaemia (CI-0.2-0.7), p-value of 0.001. Conclusion: Anaemia is a health problem at University Teaching hospital and the under-five age group is the most affected. Predictors of mild, moderate and severe anaemia is sickle cell disease. Therefore, improving on early screening of sickle cell disease and investigating the role of iron deficiency anaemia are some of the strategies to be advocated.
Prevalence and outcome of hypernatraemic dehydration among under-5 children with diarrhoea at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia
Authors:   University Teaching Hospital, Namushi Jombo , Mpabalwani Evans ,   University Teaching Hospital
Published: September 2021

Diarrhoea is the second commonest cause of under-five mortality globally (second to Pneumonia) and kills one (10 percent) out of every 10 children who die before their fifth birthday. In Zambia dehydration due to diarrhoea is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among under-five children. Hypernatraemic dehydration is the most dangerous and fatal form of dehydration. Despite the availability of well known effective treatment modalities for dehydration in diarrhoea, mortality remains high in many developing countries. The situation is not any different in Zambia and at The University Teaching Hospital (UTH) Department of Paediatrics. This study therefore sought to determine the prevalence and outcome of hypernatraemic dehydration as a possible contributing factor to the high mortality rate among children with diarrhoea.It was a cross sectional study conducted at the UTH Department of Paediatrics. The study population was under-five children presenting with acute diarrhoea with dehydration. Independent variables were age, sex, feeding modality, prior ORS therapy, rotavirus vaccine status and serum sodium. The dependent or outcome variables were discharge/mortality and duration of hospital stay. Data analysis was done with the help of SPSS version 20. There were a total of 148 participants with an almost 1:1 male/female ratio (73/75), mean age of 14.7 months ranging 1-60 months. The prevalence of hypernatraemic dehydration was approximately 19 percent (29/148) among children presenting with diarrhoea and dehydration. Hypernatraemia was associated with a high risk of mortality (7/29) with an OR 5.8 (adjusted OR 3.6, 95% CI 2.9-8.0, p 0.002), compared to (7/74) OR 1.8 (adjusted OR 1.1, 95% CI 0.8-2.2, p 0.06), and (5/33) OR 3.1 (adjusted OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.7-4.4, p 0.03) for normal and low initial sodium level respectively. Hypernatraemia was also associated with longer hospital stay with a mean duration of 3.09 days (74.2hrs) compared to 2.01 days (48.2 hours) and 2.13 days (51.1 hours) for normal and low sodium respectively. Hypernatraemia is prevalent among under-five children presenting with diarrhoea at UTH department of peadiatrics and a major contributing factor to high diarrhoeal associated mortality. Recognition of its occurrence through diligent laboratory services is therefore critical for appropriate patient care.
Diagnostic Accuracy of the Alvarado Scoring System in Patients Undergoing Appendicectomy at the University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka
Authors:   University Teaching Hospital, Mutumba Songiso , Mulundika J ,   University Teaching Hospital
Published: September 2021

Background: The use of the Alvarado scoring system as a tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis has been associated with a reduction of negative appendicectomies. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado scoring system at predicting acute appendicitis in patients undergoing appendicectomy at the University Teaching Hospital (UTH). Methods: A prospective study was done to evaluate the diagnostic value of the Alvarado score in patients undergoing appendicectomy at the UTH. Data was collected from the participants diagnosed with acute appendicitis and undergoing appendicectomy. The Alvarado scores for all the participants enrolled into the study were tabulated and correlated with the histopathology results. The sensitivity and the specificity of the Alvarado score was determined and used to construct the ROC curve using the SPSS version 20. The area under the curve was used to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado score in this study. Setting: The University Teaching Hospital in Lusaka, Zambia. Results: To determine the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado score the ROC curve test was run in SPSS version 20. The results showed that the area under the curve was C=0.842 with SE=0.047 and 95% CI from 0.750 to 0.934. The area under the curve represents the probability that the Alvarado score result for a randomly chosen positive case will exceed the result for a randomly chosen negative case. It shows from the ROC that the Alvarado score is a good indicator to anticipate acute appendicitis. In other words, these results have confirmed that the Alvarado scoring system has very high predictive ability to discriminate acute appendicitis from normal appendix subjects. Conclusion: The use of the Alvarado scoring system as a tool for diagnosing acute appendicitis at UTH will reduce the rate of negative appendicectomies. This will lead to a reduction in unnecessary operations, which are a burden on the health care system.
An Integrative Multi-Dimensional Model of Culturally Relevant Academic Evaluation for the 21st Century
Authors: Finkelstein Idit , Soffer-Vital Shira , Shraga-Roitman Yael , Cohen-Liverant Revital , Grebelsky-Lichtman Tsfira
Published: September 2021

Due to Covid-19, the world has encountered new challenges regarding pedagogy, learning, assessment, and evaluation. In meeting these challenges, there have been rapid changes in learning, and the gap between pedagogy and evaluation has grown. The purpose of this paper is to develop a new evaluative model suitable for the technologically enhanced, multicultural environment of the 21st century. In this article, we develop a unique multidimensional model of Culturally Relevant Academic Evaluation (CRAE) that fills a gap in the scientific literature on evaluation in higher education. The model depicts evaluation as an integrated process of four dimensions: two of them based on the well-established dimensions of learning and curriculum, and two based on the novel dimensions of inclusive multiculturalism and technology. We consider evaluation in its broad context in higher education, and we analyze the interrelations between the four dimensions of the evaluation process, discussing their contribution to the enhancement of evaluation in higher education.
Videoendoscopic sentinel lymph node detection with icg and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy in vulvar cancer comba-ozdemir technique
Authors: Comba Cihan , Erdogan Sakir Volkan , Erdogan Aliye , Bagdatli Aysenur , Atas Busra Seker , Demir Omer , Ozdemir Isa Aykut
Published: September 2021

ObjectiveThe authors present a surgical film for vulvar cancer surgery, which was performed via video endoscopy.MethodsAn 88-yearold woman with squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva and who underwent radical vulvectomy was treated with sentinel lymph node (SLN) and bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy, which is preferably performed via video endoscopic surgery with a near-infrared fluorescence video endoscopy system. SLN mapping was performed using indocyanine green and near-infrared fluorescence mapping.ResultsSLNs were detected in the left superficial inguinal area. The surgeons performed bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy.ConclusionNo postoperative early or late complications developed, and the patient was discharged 7 days after surgery. Stage 1B vulvar cancer was identified.
Identification of Areas for Sustainable Settlements in Highly Conflicted Protected Areas Using ArcGIS Spatial Analyst: A Case of Chobe District, Botswana
Authors: Kaduyu Issa , Yuyi Godiraone , Kgosiesele Ednah
Published: September 2021

The increasing human settlements around protected areas is a significant cause of the shrinking size of conservation areas globally. This is an alarming situation, especially in countries where protected areas significantly contribute to the National economy. The use of new tools to solve Land use conflicts that exist around protected areas is needed. This study employed the weighted overlay analysis using ecological, social and economic factors to model suitability for developing settlements in Chobe District, an international tourist destination in Northern Botswana, using ArcGIS spatial analyst. The majority of the land (83.4%) in Chobe is not suitable for settlement, while suitable areas that could for settlement remain relatively small (0.3% of the land). This study suggests that more land for settling the increasing population be created out of Chobe District to avoid encroachment on the conservation areas. The study demonstrated that ArcGIS spatial analyst model builder could be integrated into the land resource planning process of protected areas, making it a handy tool for the analysis and the identification of ecological, economic and social factors, thus establishing an excellent area for further research, especially for sustainable management of protected areas.
The D-Wave quantum computer – advantages and disadvantages of moving away from the circuit model
Authors: Lenkiewicz Kacper , Wiśniewska Joanna
Published: September 2021

The paper is based on a thesis with the same title. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse D-Wave devices using quantum effects. The research focuses on demonstrating the advantages and disadvantages of a company moving away from the circuit model in its computers. The subject of the research is the used adiabatic model of quantum computing based on the mechanism of quantum annealing. The research is based on publicly available, comprehensive documentation of D-Wave Systems. On the basis of scientific papers, conferences and information contained in websites, controversies, disadvantages and advantages of the solutions adopted have been described.
SPONE I SPOROVI: BOSNA I HERCEGOVINA U JUGOSLAVENSKOJ DRŽAVI (1918–1941)
Authors: Bandžović Safet
Published: September 2021

Stvaranje jugoslavenske države 1918. predstavljalo je objedinjavanje nacionalnih, vjerskih, kulturnih, historijskih, društvenih, ekonomskih, regionalnih razlika i perspektiva, sponu raznolikih državno-pravnih historija, iskustava, tradicija, običaja, mentaliteta, standarda obrazovanja i življenja. Bila je i “rezultat međunarodnih okolnosti”, novi toponim, složena tvorevina na mapi “nove Evrope”, sastavljena od više “matičnih naroda” (Hrvata, Slovenaca i Srba) te nacionalnih i vjerskih manjina. Počivala je na nestabilnim temeljima. Interpretacije akta o “brzom ujedinjenju” ostale su predmet nesporazuma i razmimoilaženja. Sukob između pobornika antagonističkih nacionalnih ideologija oko vizije države, bio je najteži unutrašnji problem. Bosna i Hercegovina je nakon 1918. zadržala, preko Zemaljske vlade do jula 1921, a potom Pokrajinske uprave, neke oblike autonomnosti. Pokrajinska uprava djeluje do februara 1924, kada se, shodno odredbama Vidovdanskog ustava (1921), u državi okončava organiziranje oblasti i zavodi centralizacija uprave. BiH je izdijeljena na šest oblasti, bez međusobnih veza, podređenih vladi u Beogradu. Formiranjem novih administrativnih jedinica – banovina, s ciljem razbijanja historijskih pokrajina, BiH je podijeljena 1929. između Drinske, Vrbaske, Primorske i Zetske banovine. Njen je status zavisio od projekcija režima, kao i od međusobnih srpsko-hrvatskih političkih odnosa i sporova, što se manifestiralo i tokom stvaranja Banovine Hrvatske (1939) i određivanja njenih granica, kao i u kombinacijama oko daljeg teritorijalnog preustrojstva države. Srpski i hrvatski političari nisu bili spremni da prihvate stvaranje posebne “bosanske banovine”, kako su tražili muslimanski predstavnici. Teško naslijeđe pokušaja da se riješi unutrašnje uređenje zemlje imalo je znatnog uticaja na podjele i konflikte 1941. na prostoru okupirane Jugoslavije.
NA PUTU OD AVNOJ-A DO ZAVNOBIH-a, HISTORIJSKA MJESTA I DINAMIKA SJEĆANJA
Authors: Pašić Jasna
Published: September 2021

Autorica u radu ukazuje na značaj Prvog zasjedanja AVNOJ-a i njegov utjecaj na osnivanje ZAVNOBiH-a, u kontekstu izgradnje državne vlasti i obnove državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine. Promatranje uloge historijskog mjesta, kao simboliziranog prostora u obilježavanju značajnih historijskih događaja, omogućava sagledavanje promjena vrijednosnih okvira koji su oblikovali dominantne javne percepcije. Odnos prema razvoju državnosti Bosne i Hercegovine, praćen na primjerima Bihaća, Mrkonjić-Grada i Jajca, prikazuje utjecaj društveno-političkih događanja na dinamiku sjećanja i valorizaciju tekovina antifašizma, prije i nakon disolucije Jugoslavije. Koraci koji su omogućili historijsko-pravni kontinuitet Bosne i Hercegovine sagledavaju se kroz društveno-historijsku stvarnost i tendencije ka promjenama u njegovanju trajnih vrijednosti AVNOJ-a i ZAVNOBiH-a.
The European Administration as a Facilitator of the European Integration Process: Organizational and Ethical Implications from the Proliferation of European Union Agencies
Authors: Oikonomou Giorgio
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to explore the evolution of EU administration by focusing and critically examining the role of EU agencies in advancing the European integration project. The research question deals with identifying the factors that account for the formulation of EU agencies and the reasons behind their sharp increase in numbers since the 2000s. The tasks are to analyse critical EU agencies’ parameters such as their typology, the policy area they deal with, origin of their resources and funding, and their output. In addition, transparency and accountability issues accompanying the proliferation of EU agencies are also considered. Emphasis is placed on the evolution of the European administration as expressed by the establishment of various types of agencies since 1975 thereafter. Methodologically, the research utilizes quantitative data based on annual EU budgets as well as official reports and policy papers issued by main EU institutions (European Commission, European Parliament, European Court of Auditors) and agencies, analyzing them from a historical perspective. As a result, it is argued that the proliferation of EU agencies has advanced the process of European integration, namely the EU enlargement and expansion in new policy areas following successive reforms of the Treaties. However, concerns regarding accountability and transparency issues remain in place.
Social Media use Across Generations: from Addiction to Engagement
Authors: Koçak Orhan , Arslan Hüseyin , Erdoğan Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Social media is used at very high rates among young people not only in Europe and other developed countriesbut also developing and people from almost all generations have started to use social media. The use of socialmedia has become an addiction regardless of country and changed the daily behaviour of users. Studies relatedto social media addiction are generally done on youth. It is observed that middle-aged and older individualsstarted to have engaged in social media. Therefore, the lack of research related to social media addiction ofmiddle-aged individuals and over has made this study important. The aim of this study is to understand thetendencies to use social media as people get older. In the study, a survey was conducted on people agedbetween 24 and 49, and on people aged 50 and over; the goal was to understand the difference between thetwo age groups.Social Media Addiction Scale Adult Form was used in the study was conducted on a total of 650 participants.As a result of the analysis of the data, it was concluded that as the age increased, the level of social mediaaddiction decreased but that the social media addiction levels of individuals over middle age were considerablyhigh more than expected. As the education level increases, the virtual tolerance sub-factor increases and therisk of social media addiction increases. There is a significant relationship between participants' marital status,smartphone use and social media addiction. The use of social media in the society can be transformed intoan environment that can be used in education, self expression, creativity, media literacy and integration withsociety by getting rid of addiction. In addition, since addiction issue is being spread in Turkey and Europe, wewant to increase an awareness for individuals and policymakers.
Do Business Booms Trigger Corruption?
Authors: Kéïta Kouramoudou , Laurila Hannu
Published: September 2021

In the literature, the nexus between economic growth and corruption is well covered, but there are only few studies on cyclical variations of corruption. For example, Galbraith (1997) claims that embezzlement flourishes in business booms and withers in recessions, and Gokcekus and Suzuki (2011) support the claim by finding a positive correlation between transitory income and corruption. This paper retests the argument and produces conflicting results. It is found that corruption shrinks as transitory income increases meaning that economic booms foster integrity rather than corruption. Moreover, the negative correlation is strong in high-income countries and in those with sound rule of law which points to developed countries, whereas the effect remains relatively weak in countries with low income or poor rule of law which points to developing countries. The finding is relevant also from the perspective of the European Union.