bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KONTEN PADA PERSEPSI ATLET WANITA MUSLIM TERHADAP ATURAN BERPAKAIAN PADA EVENT BOLA VOLI PASIR DI INDONESIA
Authors: Prayanti Yulia , Sulhaini Sulhaini , Saufi Akhmad
Published: December 2020

This study aims to determine how to conduct an analysis in a phenomenon to find out the perception of Moslem female athletes of the dress code at beach volleyball events in Indonesia with a content analysis approach. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation on Moslem female athletes in Indonesia. The results of this study found three main categories from 14 themes which are interrelated dimensions, they are authenticity and professionalism orientation, moderate orientation and athlete's achievement. These findings indicate that the relationship between perceptions, attitudes and the use of dress codes for Moslem female athletes in beach volleyball events.
Cemâleddin Aksarâyî’nin Fıkhî Konuları Çözümleme Metodu: el-Es’ile ve’l-ecvibe Kitabı Örneğinde
Authors: FURKANİ Mehterhan
Published: December 2020

Aksarâyî olarak bilinen Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Muhammed b. Fahreddin er-Râzî (ö. 791/1389) aklî ve naklî ilimlere hâkim olan çok yönlü bir âlimdir. Tefsir hadis, fıkıh, ahlak ve tıp gibi birçok ilimde tedriste bulunup Arapça, Türkçe ve Farsça olmak üzere farklı dillerde eserler telif etmiştir. Bunların yanı sıra kadılık ve kazaskerlik gibi çok önemli görevlerde de bulunmuştur. Söz konusu görevleri üstlenmiş olması ise onun büyük bir fakîh olduğunu açıkça göstermektedir. Fıkıh ilminde Hâşiye ‘alâ Şerhi Mecma‘i’l-bahreyn ve Şerhu Gâyeti’l-kusvâ gibi müstakil sayılabilecek çalışmalarının dışında müşkil âyet ve hadisler kapsamında hazırladığı el-Es‘ile ve’l-Ecvibe adlı eserinde de ahkâm ile ilgili âyet ve hadislerin fıkhî çözümlemesine değinmeyi ihmal etmemiştir. Her ne kadar söz konusu kitabın asıl kaleme alınma hedefi genel anlamda müşkil veya çelişkili görünen âyet ve hadislerin çözümü olsa da dolaylı olarak fıkhî bazı konulara da değinmiştir. Bu makalede Aksarâyî’nin hayatı ve ilmi kişiliğiyle ilgili kısa bir bilgiye yer verildikten sonra sözü geçen eserinde değindiği fıkhî çözümlemeler aktarılıp metot açısından değerlendirilecektir.
Şer‘î Naslar Bağlamında Nikâh Lafzı ve Fıkhî Tesiri
Authors: ÇİNAR Fatih
Published: December 2020

Bu makalenin konusu nikâh lafzının şerʻî naslardaki kullanımı ve bunun fıkhî tesiri hakkındadır. Nikâh lafzı lügatlerde birbirine katma, cem etme, akit ve cinsel ilişki gibi manalarda kullanılmaktadır. Şerʻî metinlerde muhtemel kelime anlamlarından hangisinin gerçek anlamda kullanıldığı hususu fakihler arasında tartışmaya neden olmuştur. Nikâh lafzının şer‘î naslardaki gerçek anlamının akit olduğunu belirten fakihler cinsel ilişki anlamının ise ancak mecazî olduğunu kabul etmişlerdir. Cumhurun kanaatini yansıtan bu görüşe göre nikâh sözcüğü şerʻî naslarda mecaz da olsa tek başına cinsel ilişki manasında kullanılamaz. Cinsel ilişki anlamının sözlükler yanında şerʻî metinlerde de gerçek anlamda kullanıldığını ifade eden Hanefî fakihler bu görüşe karşı çıkmıştır. İlgili âyetteki nikâh lafzına gerçek manada cinsel ilişki anlamı veren kimi sahabe ve tâbiîn âlimlerinin tercihleri dikkate alındığında Hanefîlerin bu konuda yalnız olmadığı görülmektedir. Bununla birlikte kimi âlimler, cinsel ilişki manasının Kur’ân’da gerçek veya mecazî yönden asla bulunmayacağını ileri sürmüştür. Onlara göre cinsel ilişki anlamının Kur’ân’da sarih/açık lafızlarla ifade edilmesi ilahî metinlerin üslup ve mahiyetine uygun değildir. Çünkü Allah Teâlâ cinsel ilişkiyi doğrudan sarih lafızlarla değil kinayeli lafızlarla nitelemiştir.
THE EFFECT OF GRAPHIC ORGANIZER WITH SCHOOLOGY ON STUDENTS’ WRITING SKILL AT MA MASYHUDIYAH GIRI
Authors: Cahyaningtias Betty Indah , Anwar Khoirul , Ma’rifah Ulfatul
Published: December 2020

Writing is a productive skill which makes the students managing the ideas into texts or paragraphs. Writing skill is one of the things that noticed by the Indonesian Minister of Education and Culture. It can be seen at the curriculum. The curriculum expects that the students will be able to write in English texts well at the end of learning process. However to reach the goal at curriculum is not easy. It because the students have a lot of problems in learning writing. For instance, when the students write paragraph, they usually has no unity so the content of each paragraph did not appropriate with the topic. Then, the students difficult to organize ideas properly. Besides that, the students also difficult to choose the appropriate words. These problems are caused by the ways students learn writing are not really effective. To solve the problems, the researcher use Graphic Organizer with Schoology as the alternative in teaching writing. This study was investigate the significant effect of Graphic Organizer with Schoology on Students’ Writing Skill. The researcher chose eleventh grade at MA Masyhudiyah Giri to conduct this study. The sample was 11 MIPA 2 as the experimental group and 11 MIPA 3 as the control group. Both of class consisted of 30 students. So, the number of the participants in this study was 60 students. The research finding showed that there was a signinificant difference between experimental group who were taught by using graphic organizer with schoology and control group who were taught by only using graphic organizer. It is proven by the result of sig. (2-tailed) is lower than 0.05 (0.000<0.05). So, the null hypothesis can be rejected. It means that Graphic Organizer with Schoology has significantly effects on students’ writing skill. Therefore, the researcher suggest to the English teacher for Implementing of Graphic Organizer with Schoology as the alternative in teaching writing. For the future researcher, the researcher hopes that can use Graphic Organizer with Schoology in different way to develop other skill such as reading skill to make a difference with this study
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PENALARAN MATEMATIS PESERTA DIDIK PADA MATERI STATISTIKA KELAS 12 SMA NEGERI 4 BOJONEGORO
Authors: Ilmiyah Nurul , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: December 2020

Salah satu ciri matematika adalah menekankan pada proses deduktif aksiomatik yang memerlukan penalaran logis. Penalaran masuk dalam kompetensi dasar yang harus dikuasai siswa, sehingga diharapkan siswa dapat menganalisis suatu permasalahan sebelum mengambil suatu keputusan sebagai bekal untuk menghadapi tantangan perkembangan dan perubahan. Fakta menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa dalam bernalar belum diperhatikan secara mendalam. Untuk itu diperlukan pembelajaran yang didesain menurut pandangan konstruktivisme karena menurut pandangan tersebut pembelajaran bertujuan untuk membantu peserta didik untuk membangun konsep-konsep/ prinsip-prinsp matematika dengan kemampuannya sendiri melalui asimilasi dan akomodasi.

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tujuan meningkatkan kemampuan penalaran matematika melalui pendekatan konstruktivisme. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas XII IPA 2 SMA Negeri 4 Bojonegoro sebanyak 33 orang. Prosesur dalam penelitian ini meliputi perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Perangkat pembelajaran dalam penelitian ini adalah Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran (RPP), bahan ajar, dan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) sedangkan instumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah Tes Kemampuan Penalaran (TKP).

Dari hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan penalaran matematis peserta didik kelas XII IPA 2 telah memenuhi indicator keberhasilan penelitian setelah siklus kedua, yaitu sebanyak 67% (24 peserta didik) memenuhi kriteria baik dalam bernalar. Keterlaksanaan pembelajaran tergolong baik pada siklus kedua yaitu seluruh pembelajaran terlaksana dengan prosentase 88,5%.
Peningkatan Motivasi Berprestasi Dan Hasil Belajar Matematika Pada Materi Transformasi Geometri Siswa Kelas Xi Tsm – 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Jogoroto Melalui Pembelajaran Model Discovery Learning
Authors: Fanani Muhammad Agus , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauhmana penerapan pembelajaran model Discovery Learning berbantuan media Power Point dan LKS meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar matematika siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, masing-masing siklus terdiri atas empat tahapan yaitu: perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian tindakan ini adalah siswa kelas XI TSM 1 Semester Gasal SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Jogoroto tahun pelajaran 2019/2020 dengan jumlah siswa sebanyak 22 orang. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik observasi, angket, catatan lapangan, dan tes. Analisis data dilakukan dengan model analisis interaktif yang terdiri dari proses pengumpulan data, penyajian data, dan verifikasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar siswa pada aspek pengetahuan dan keterampilan meningkat. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya skor rata-rata motivasi berprestasi siswa pada tahap Pra Siklus, Siklus I, II adalah 45; 75; dan 77. Pada aspek pengetahuan, nilai rata-rata kelas pada tahap Pra Siklus, Siklus I dan II adalah 45; 75; dan 77. Pada aspek keterampilan nilai rata-rata kelas pada tahap Pra Siklus, Siklus I dan II adalah 60; 80; dan 85. Berdasarkan hasil tindakan dan analisis, penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran model discovery learning berbantuan Power Point dan LKS dapat meningkatkan motivasi berprestasi dan hasil belajar pada mata pelajaran matematika siswa kelas XI TSM 1 SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Jogoroto tahun pelajaran 2019/2020.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika Melalui Model Discovery Learning Pada Materi Limit Fungsi Aljabar Di Kelas XI SMA Darul Ulum 1 Peterongan
Authors: Perdana Rizkia Putri , Fauziyah Nur , Suyoto Suyoto
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: apakah penerapan Model Discovery Learning  pada materi pokok limit fungsi aljabar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI SMA Darul Ulum 1 Peterongan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (Classroom Action Research) pada peserta didik kelas XI IPA1 dengan jumlah peserta didik sebanyak 34 peserta didik. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah documenter dan tes. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini dirancang dalam 2 (dua) siklus, setiap siklus ada 4 (empat) tahap yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (action), Pengamatan(observation), dan refleksi (reflection

Dengan menerapkan model belajar Discovery Learning dalam pengajaran mata pelajaran Matematika diperoleh nilai rata–rata hasil pembelajaran yaitu sebelum siklus diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebanyak 58,24, pada siklus pertama sebanyak 69,9, dan pada siklus kedua sebanyak 84.01.

Dari data tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran Discovery Learning dengan melalui delapan langkah- langkahnya dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pokok pada materi pokok limit fungsi aljabar kelas XI SMA Darul Ulum 1 Peterongan. Keberhasilan penggunaan metode tersebut diharapkan bisa digunakan sebagai alternatif pendekatan pembelajaran yang inovatif. Selanjutnya para guru dapat lebih berkreasi dalam menggunakan model pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan tujuan pembelajaran.
PENERAPAN DISCOVERY LEARNING DENGAN STRATEGI REACT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS DAN HASIL BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI-B SMA PLUS AR-RAHMAT BOJONEGORO MATERI POLINOMIAL
Authors: Saifurrisal Ahmad Hasan , Suyoto Suyoto , Uchtiawati Sri , Fauziyah Nur
Published: December 2020

Hasil pengamatan yang dilakukan di kelas XI-B SMA Plus Ar-Rahmat Bojonegoro menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar peserta didik mengalami kesulitan pada materi polinomial. Kesulitan yang dialami peserta didik diduga karena guru lebih sering mengajar dengan model pembelajaran ekspositori sehingga peserta didik kurang aktif dalam proses belajar mengajar dan menyebabkan hasil belajar peserta didik kurang maksimal. Maka, perlu diterapkan metode pembelajaran yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik, yaitu discovery learning dengan strategi REACT. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mendeskripsikan langkah-langkah pembelajaran discovery learning dengan strategi REACT yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI-B SMA Plus ArRahmat Bojonegoro materi polinomial. 

Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Data penelitian berupa daftar nilai peserta didik pada tes di tiap akhir siklus dan data hasil observasi yang didapatkan dari observer. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik observasi, angket, lembar penilaian aktivitas peserta didik, tes, catatan lapangan, dan dokumentasi. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. 

Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut, diperoleh dua kesimpulan sebagai berikut. Pertama, bahwa penerapan discovery learning dengan strategi REACT pada materi polinomial yang dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas XI-B SMA Plus Ar-Rahmat Bojonegoro memiliki langkah-langkah: 1) guru memberikan apersepsi dan motivasi; 2) menerapkan discovery learning dengan strategi REACT dengan tahapan: stimulation, problem statement, data collection, data processing, dan verification; 3) peserta didikmengomunikasikan hasil diskusi kelompok kemudian bersama-sama guru membuat kesimpulan. Kedua, bahwa pembelajaran dengan discovery learning dengan strategi REACT meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar peserta didikkelas XI-B SMA Plus Ar-Rahmat Bojonegoro. Skor rata-rata aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus I sebesar 27,5 dengan kategori baik, tetapi masih ada poin pengamatan yang bernilai 2. Skor rata-rata aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus II sebesar 35,5 dengan kategori sangat baik, dan setiap poin pengamatan mencapai minimal nilai 3. Hasil tes peserta didik pada siklus I menunjukkan bahwa 60% peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai mencapai KKM dengan rata-rata hasil tes yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 78,25. Hasil tes peserta didik pada siklus II menunjukkan bahwa 90% peserta didik yang memperoleh nilai mencapai KKM dengan rata-rata hasil tes yang diperoleh adalah sebesar 85,45.
Penggunaan LKPD Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Pada Materi Matriks
Authors: Hadi As'ar Musrimin
Published: December 2020

Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini bertujuan meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materi matriks kelas XI OTKP SMK Negeri 1 Tirawuta setelah diterapkannya penggunaan LKPD dalam proses pembelajaran. Subjek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI OTKP SMK Negeri 1 Tirawuta tahun pelajaran 2020/2021 yang berjumlah 18 siswa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dalam 2 siklus, pada tiap siklusnya terdiri dari empat tahapan yaitu perencanaan, tindakan, observasi, dan refleksi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yakni teknik kualitatif. Teknik analisis data kualitatif digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan pembelajaran di kelas berupa Observasi dan hasil catatan lapangan. Siklus akan berhenti jika indikator keberhasilan telah tercapai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan lembar kerja peserta didik dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dan hasil belajar siswa pada materi matriks. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan adanya peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II. Peningkatan hasil belajar siswa ditunjukan dari tes akhir siklus. Pada siklus I diperoleh nilai rata-rata sebesar 68 dan ketuntasan klasikal sebesar 61,11%. Sedangkan pada siklus 2 nilai rata-rata kelas naik menjadi 82,92 dan ketuntasan belajar klasikal sebesar 88,89%. Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan lembar kerja peserta didik berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa pada materimatriks.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pembelajaran Guided Discovery Learning
Authors: Suherman Nanang
Published: December 2020

Keaktifan peserta didik kelas IX di SMP Al Biruni Cerdas Mulia pada pelajaran Matematika selama pembelajaran daring menunjukan peserta didik kurang aktif baik dalam pembelajaran sinkron maupun asinkron. Selain itu hasil belajar sebagian besar peserta didik masih dibawah KKM yang ditentukan. Sehingga diperlukan suatu model pembelajaran yang berbeda dari sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik melalui model guided discovery learning. Penelitian ini termasuk jenis penelitian tindakan kelas, yang terdiri atas tiga siklus dimana tiap siklus satu kali pertemuan yang melalui tahap perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan dan refleksi. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah 23 siswa kelas IX SMP Al Biruni Cerdas Mulia Bandung. Materi yang digunakan adalah fungsi kuadrat. Instrumen pengambilan data yang digunakan meliputi lembar observasi keaktifan peserta didik, lembar angket keaktifan peserta didik, hasil evaluasi belajar dan dokumentasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, angket dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah data hasil observasi,angket dan hasil tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya peningkatan keaktifan dan hasil belajar. Hal ini terlihat berdasarkan observasi keaktifan, pada siklus 1 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori sedang sebesar 66%, pada siklus 2 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori sedang sebesar 74% dan pada siklus 3 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori tinggi sebesar 82%. Berdasarkan hasil angket keaktifan peserta didik, pada siklus 1 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori sedang sebesar 73%, pada siklus 2 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori tinggi sebesar 77% dan pada siklus 3 diperoleh keaktifan peserta didik termasuk kategori tinggi sebesar 82%. Berdasarkan hasil belajar, diperoleh rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus 1 sebesar 60,30, pada siklus 2 sebesar 67,09 dan pada siklus 3 sebesar 78,64. Sedangkan persentase ketuntasan klasikalnya dipeoleh pada siklus 1 sebesar 39%, pada siklus 2 sebesar 43% dan pada siklus 3 sebesar 83%. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, dapat diambil simpulan bahwa penerapan model Guided Discovery Learning dapat meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik pada pembelajaran matematika. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka guru disarankan untuk menerapkan model Guided Discovery Learning.
Meningkatkan Keaktifan Dan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Melalui Model Pbl Pada Materi Persamaan Garis Lurus
Authors: Santoso Pendy
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik yang rendah dalam pembelajaran matematika. Untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik, peneliti menggunakan model Problem Based Learning. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk meningkatkan keaktifan dan hasil belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas, dengan populasi adalah peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Lentera Kasih Bali Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021. Teknik pengumpulan data untuk keaktifan peserta didik adalah observasi dan pengisian angket keaktifan, sedangkan untuk pengumpulan data hasil belajar menggunakan tes. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa: (1) Keaktifan belajar peserta didik meningkat dalam mengikuti pembelajaran dengan model problem based learning (nilai rata-rata keaktifan peserta didik berdasarkan observasi untuk siklus 1, siklus 2, dan siklus 3 berturut-turut adalah 73, 78, dan 82, sedangkan berdasarkan angket keaktifan berturut-turut adalah 69, 78, dan 82). (2) Hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat dalam mengikuti kegiatan pembelajaran dengan model problem based learning pada materi persamaan garis lurus (nilai rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik untuk siklus 1, siklus 2, dan siklus 3 berturut-turut adalah 44,8; 70,7; dan 79,6)
AVALIAÇÃO DE UM PROGRAMA DE FORMAÇÃO EM HABILIDADES SOCIAIS DOCENTES NA PERSPECTIVA DE PROFESSORES E ALUNOS
Authors: FIOROT JUNIOR JOSE ANGELO , DRAGONE Maria Lucia Oliveira Suzigan
Published: December 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa, de cunho qualitativo e quantitativo, é a avaliação de um Programa de Formação em Habilidades Sociais Docentes - PFHS-D, pela perspectiva dos professores e de seus alunos do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa se justifica pela necessidade de conduzir estudos sobre formação de professores, voltados para a interação afetiva com alunos adolescentes da educação básica, carente de intervenções e desafiada continuamente pelas políticas públicas que conduzem a uma precarização do trabalho docente. Como método para avaliar o PFHS-D utilizou-se testes específicos e questionários obtendo dados com docentes e alunos, buscando sinais de melhora ou piora nas interações e, nas Habilidades Sociais dos professores. Participaram desta pesquisa 5 professores e 13 alunos de uma escola do noroeste do Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados apontaram que houve aquisição significativa de novos comportamentos socialmente habilidosos, confirmados tanto pelas avaliações conduzidas com os professores quanto com seus alunos.
DEMOKRAT PARTİ DÖNEMİ İKTİDAR-MUHALEFET ÇEKİŞMESİNİN BİR ÜRÜNÜ: NEVŞEHİR’İN İL , KIRŞEHİR'İN İLÇE OLMASI
Authors: ERDOĞAN Haşim , PİŞKİN Çağrı
Published: December 2020

Nevşehir, Osmanlı Devleti’nin Lale Devri’nden Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin ilk yıllarına kadar bir ilçe konumunda olmuştur. İdari taksimatta Niğde vilayetine bağlı kaza olarak anılan Nevşehir, cumhuriyetin ilanıyla birlikte tek parti iktidarı döneminde bu statüsünü devam ettirmiştir. 1950 yılında Demokrat Parti’nin iktidarı Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nden devralarak iktidar olması Nevşehir tarihi için bir dönüm noktası olmuştur. Demokrat Parti’nin söylemleri arasında en dikkat çekeni olan “Demokrasi” ifadesi aynı zamanda halkın bu partiden isteklerini de rahatlıkla dile getirmelerine ortam hazırlamıştır. Türkiye’de birçok bölgenin, şehrin olduğu gibi Demokrat Parti’den Nevşehir’in de beklentisi çok olmuştur. Bu isteklerden en önemlisi Nevşehir’in kaza olmaktan çıkarılıp il statüsü kazandırılmasıydı. Demokrat Parti iktidar olur olmaz 1950’li yılların başlarından itibaren il olma taleplerini çeşitli yollarla iktidara iletmeye çalışan Nevşehir’in bu isteği 1954 seçimlerinin hemen sonrasında gerçekleşmiştir. 2 Mayıs 1954 yılında yapılan seçimlerden sonra Kırşehir’de seçimleri Osman Bölükbaşı önderliğinde Demokrat Parti’nin içinden çıkan Cumhuriyetçi Millet Partisi’nin kazanması bu sürecin hızlanmasına yol açmıştır. Seçimlerden kısa süre sonra meclise sunulan kanun tasarısı ile başlayan Nevşehir’in il olma süreci Kırşehir’in kaza olarak Nevşehir’e bağlanmasıyla ülke gündeminde oldukça yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada, Demokrat Parti dönemi İktidar-Muhalefet çekişmesi ekseninde bu süreçte yaşanan olaylar ve Nevşehir’in il oluşu ele alınmıştır.
СУТНІСНИЙ ЗМІСТ КОНКУРЕНТНИХ ПЕРЕВАГ У ДОСЯГНЕННІ СТРАТЕГІЧНИХ ЦІЛЕЙ
Authors: Шмалій Наталія Анатоліївна
Published: December 2020

The article seeks to explore the contemporary issues of meaningful content of a competitive advantage in achieving strategic goals. The study offers an attempt to provide a deeper understanding of competitive advantage origin and generation and suggests two patterns:  competitive advantage as an outcome of effective resource management and the performance efficiency (activity success) as an outcome of gaining a competitive advantage. The relationship between the organizational knowledge categories and enterprise strategy is presented. It is argued that innovative knowledge shapes a favourable environment for building competitive advantages. The literature review on modern approaches to building company competitive advantages has allowed identifying three main areas: market-based approach, resource-based approach and partnership-based approach. It is suggested to differentiate each of the above approaches to generating competitive advantages from the three basic perspectives: in terms of the source of competitive advantage, barriers to imitation of competitive advantages and from the position of the company strategic goals. A retrospective analysis of the meaningful content of a competitive advantage concept contributed to providing the author’s interpretation of this category with an emphasis on the relevance of its consideration within three projections – market position, unique resources / opportunities and partnership interaction with further focus on specific drivers of competitive advantages as an impetus for partnership collaboration in the business environment. Among the factors able to boost competitive advantages the study considers the following: innovative knowledge exchange possibilities and building the capacity to create additional resources / opportunities (tangible and intangible). A competitive advantage within the scope of this study is viewed as company's ability to respond quickly to market demands through the effective use of unique resources / opportunities (own and derived from partnerships in the current business environment) in order to most effectively meet the customer needs and expectations.
Felsefe grubu öğretmen adaylarının dramaya yönelik tutumlarının incelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Adem , TÜFEKCİ Aysel
Published: December 2020

Araştırmada, felsefe grubu öğretmen adaylarının bir öğretim yöntemi olarak dramaya yönelik tutumlarının incelemesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırma betimsel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmaya 132’si formasyon programına ve 55’i lisans programına devam eden toplam 187 felsefe grubu öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırma verilerinin toplanması için Kişisel Bilgi Formu ve Yaratıcı Drama Tutum Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Mann Whitney U testi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmen adaylarının aldıkları puanlarının ölçek genelinde ve dramaya yönelik genel tutumlar faktöründe ortalamanın üstünde, kendine yönelik tutumlar faktöründe ortalama civarında ve dramaya yönelik eleştirel tutumlar faktöründe ortalamanın altında yığılma gösterdiği görülmüştür. Ayrıca, öğretmen adaylarının dramaya yönelik tutumlarının cinsiyet, drama ile ilgili ders alma ve ders almayı isteme durumlarına göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği görülürken, devam ettikleri program türüne göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık olmadığı tespit edilmiştir.
First record of Corynephorus canescens (Poaceae) in Leningrad Region and its status in Northwestern Russia
Authors: Leostrin A. V.
Published: December 2020

Corynephorus canescens (L.) P. Beauv. is a perennial grass of European origin, having a limited distribution in Russia. Previously, it was reliably reported from five administrative regions (i. e. the Bryansk, Kaliningrad, Moscow, Pskov and Smolensk Regions). In this article, I present the first record of C. canescens in the Leningrad Region (Northwestern Russia). The local population of the species was found in a natural habitat, a dry pine forest. This is the northernmost known locality of the species in Russia so far. The residence status of C. canescens in Northwestern Russia is briefly discussed.
Morphology, nomenclature and distribution of Bassia monticola (Chenopodiaceae-Amaranthaceae), a poorly known species from Western Asia
Authors: Sukhorukov A. P. , Kushunina M. A.
Published: December 2020

Kochia monticola was previously considered as a synonym for the widely distributed Irano-Turanian Panderia pilosa. After the merger of Kochia and Panderia with Bassia based on molecular phylogeny, K. monticola remained a synonym of Bassia pilosa. We claim that Bassia monticola, a name proposed by Kuntze (1891) for K. monticola, should be separated from B. pilosa based on morphological characters and localised distribution in mountainous regions of Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Lebanon at altitudes 1800–2600 m a. s. l.
Making sense with mixed methods: An analysis of the software tool SenseMaker as a novel mixed methods research tool
Authors: Powell Lauren
Published: December 2020

This paper explore the software tool SenseMaker in relation to challenges facing the development of mixed methods research.
Estimating the Impact of Expulsions, Suspensions, and Arrests on Average School Proficiency Rates in Ohio using Fixed Effects
Authors: Yaluma Christopher , Little Alexis , Leonard Michael
Published: December 2020

This study uses panel data (2011-12,
2013-14, 2015-16) from three sources—the US Department of Education Office for
Civil Rights (OCR), the National Center for Education Statistics’ Common Core
Data (CCD), and the Ohio Department of Education (ODE) school report cards.
These data were then merged using a common key to create one large dataset. OCR
and CCD data have a common school identification key that was readily
available. Data from ODE contained Building and District identification numbers
that were concatenated to create a school ID that was identical to the one in
the other two datasets.
Problems of “foreign education” at the special meeting of 1905: discourses and practice of teachers of the Orenburg Region
Authors: Lyubichankovskiy Sergey , Aleshina Svetlana
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the place that the representatives of the Orenburg pedagogical community took in developing and making decisions on the problems of educational policy with regard to “foreigners” at the beginning of the 20th century, using the example of the “Special Conference at the Ministry of Public Education on the Education of Eastern Foreigners” (1905). It is shown that in a number of fundamental moments the representatives of the Orenburg pedagogical community set the tone in assessing the situation in the education system for ethnic and religious minorities, and the practice of working in the region’s educational system for “foreigners” became the subject of discussion and a guideline for modeling the general empire acculturation policy by means of education.
The image of Belarus in the Russian North-West collaborationist press, 1942—1944
Authors: Kovalev Boris , Kulik Sergey
Published: December 2020

In the occupied territory of Russia, Nazi propaganda services organized the publication of newspapers and magazines. Special attention was paid to the issue of forming a positive image of Nazi policy towards various Soviet peoples and territories. A significant emphasis was placed on highlighting events in Belarus, a republic bordering the North-West of Russia. The main thesis of Nazi propaganda was the assertion that there was a national revival of a new independent state, freed by German troops from their enslaver-Bolshevism.
«Over-production» management in the Soviet economy (1930-1980s)
Authors: Beznin Mikhail , Dimoni Tatiana
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes management, concentrated in the organs of the Communist party, Soviet, and economic bodies. Their place in the organization of economic life is considered, the specifics of the functions of different management segments are defined, and information about their number is provided. The methods of work of “over-production” management, the material status of the highest part of the managerial class are also analyzed.
The Urginsky branch of the Russo-Chinese bank (1900— 1910): short story
Authors: Plekhanova Anna , Shirapov Aldar
Published: December 2020

The publication is devoted to the history of the Urginsky branch of the Russo-Chinese Bank, which operated on the territory of Mongolia in 1900-1910. Particular attention is paid to the cooperation of the Urginsky branch with the Verkhneudinsky and Kyakhtinsky branches of the Russo-Chinese Bank, which consisted not only in the assistance and exchange of banking information, but also in the organization of joint marketing research of the Mongolian market for the sale of Russian goods. Reasons have been identified that did not allow the Urga branch to fully realize its full potential in promoting Russian economic influence in Mongolia and leading to the cessation of its activity.
Prerequisites for the reforms of the Russian Empire in the 1860s: a historical analysis
Authors: Nechevin Dmitry , Kolodkin Leonard
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the prerequisites of the reforms of the Russian Empire of the sixties of the nineteenth century, their features, contradictions: the imperial status of foreign policy and the lagging behind the countries of Western Europe in special political, economic relations. The authors studied the activities of reformers and the nobility on the peasant question, as well as legitimate conservatism.
Orman Bölge Müdürlükleri Açık Artırmalı Satışlarına Katılan Alıcıların Beklentileri: Marmara Bölgesi Örneği
Authors: YILMAZ Tülay , KÖSE Murat , ARSLAN Mehmet , OKAN Taner , KÖSE Coşkun
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada, Devlet Orman İşletmelerinden odun hammaddesi satın alan müşterilerin odun tedarik sürecine ilişkin beklentilerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul, Bursa, Sakarya ve Çanakkale Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinden açık artırmalı satışlar kapsamında odun hammaddesi satın alan 265 alıcı ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği öncelikli olmak üzere anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma alanında açık artırmalı satışlara Bu çalışmada, Devlet Orman İşletmelerinden odun hammaddesi satın alan müşterilerin odun tedarik sürecine ilişkin beklentilerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla İstanbul, Bursa, Sakarya ve Çanakkale Orman Bölge Müdürlüklerinden açık artırmalı satışlar kapsamında odun hammaddesi satın alan 265 alıcı ile yüz yüze görüşme tekniği öncelikli olmak üzere anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler tanımlayıcı istatistiklerle değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma alanında açık artırmalı satışlara katılan firmaların on altı farklı ilde faaliyet gösterdiği, firmaların yaklaşık olarak yarısının şahıs ve aile firması olduğu, firmaların %65’inin birincil imalat sanayinde, %35’inin ikincil imalat sanayinde faaliyet gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Firmaların, endüstriyel odun hammaddesi talebini karşıladıkları kaynaklara bakıldığında ilk sırada OGM Piyasa Satışları gelmektedir. Alıcılar tüm OBM’leri itibariyle en fazla karaçam, kayın ve göknar ağaç türlerini en fazla tercih etmektedirler. Açık artırmalı satışlarda ürün çeşidi olarak en fazla talep edilen %78 oranında tomruk olmuştur. Alıcılar hammadde fiyatlarını ve dikili satış uygulamalarını olumsuz yönde değerlendirmektedir.
Tipologi Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) pada Sekolah Islam Terpadu (SIT)
Authors: Sofanudin Aji
Published: December 2020

Management of education curriculum SIT at Tegal Regency have various model. At least, there are three type of SIT ie SIT who is under management of JSIT as practiced by SMP IT Luqman Al-Hakim (2) SIT as aswaja as practiced by SMP IT Al-Azhar, and (3) SIT as Islamic nasionalist as practiced by SMP IT Bimantara Al-Furqon. All three types of SIT have different on implementation of Islamic education curriculum. SIT JSIT applied combine curriculum; government and JSIT curriculum, SIT Aswaja applied government and pesantren curriculum, and SIT as Islamic nasionalist applied their curriculum.
Dualism vacuum and holography screen
Authors: Kuyukov Vitaly
Published: December 2020

Holography screen and dualism vacuum
Development of an intervention to increase adherence to nebuliser treatment in adults with Cystic Fibrosis: CFHealthHub
Authors: Arden Madelynne , Hutchings Marlene , Whelan Pauline , Drabble Sarah J. , Beever Daniel , Bradley Judy M. , Hind Daniel , Ainsworth John , Maguire Chin , Cantrill Hannah , O’Cathain Alicia , Wildman Martin
Published: December 2020

BackgroundCystic Fibrosis (CF) is a life-limiting genetic condition in which daily therapies to maintain lung health are critical yet treatment adherence is low. Previous interventions to increase adherence have been largely unsuccessful and this is likely due to a lack of focus on behavioural evidence and theory alongside input from people with CF. This intervention is based on a digital platform that collects and displays objective nebuliser adherence data. The purpose of this paper is to identify the specific components of an intervention to increase and maintain adherence to nebuliser treatments in adults with CF with a focus on reducing effort and treatment burden.MethodsIntervention development was informed by the behaviour change wheel (BCW) and Person-Based Approach (PBA). A multidisciplinary team conducted qualitative research to inform a needs analysis, selected and refined intervention components and methods of delivery, mapped adherence-related barriers and facilitators, associated intervention functions, and behaviour change techniques, and utilised iterative feedback to develop and refine content and processes. ResultsResults indicated that people with CF need to understand their treatment, be able to monitor adherence, have treatment goals and feedback, confidence in their ability to adhere, to have a treatment plan to develop habits for treatment, and be able to solve problems around treatment adherence. Behaviour change techniques were selected to address each of these needs and were incorporated into the digital intervention developed iteratively, alongside a manual and training for health professionals. Feedback from people with CF and clinicians helped to refine the intervention which could be tailored to individual patient needs.ConclusionsThe intervention development process is underpinned by a strong theoretical framework and evidence base and was developed by a multidisciplinary team with a range of skills and expertise integrated with substantial input from patients and clinicians. This multifaceted development strategy has ensured that the intervention is usable and acceptable to people with CF and clinicians, providing the best chance of success in supporting people with CF with different needs to increase and maintain their adherence. The intervention is being tested in a randomised controlled trial across 19 UK sites.
Judging the Misunderstood: A Pilot Public Stigmatism Intervention Towards Non-offending Paedophilia
Authors: Keegan Ross Ewan
Published: December 2020

Public stigmatisation has been identified as a barrier to seeking therapy amongst people with paedophilia (PWP). This study piloted a public stigmatism intervention towards non-offending paedophilia and compared its effectiveness with a public stigmatism intervention towards alcoholism. The overall aim was to reduce self-reported stigmatism towards PWP and assess the comparative effectiveness of the stigmatism intervention towards PWP with the alcoholism stigmatism intervention. A 2x2 mixed effects design was utilised to allow for the comparison of the stigmatism interventions. 80 participants were recruited opportunistically online and were provided with a text-based educational intervention combined with a counter-stereotypical exemplar video. This data was analysed using Bayesian Cumulative Probit Ordinal Regression Models. There was an effect of condition which indicated that stigma inventory scores towards PWP were consistently higher pre-intervention, estimate = 0.44, posterior probability = .99. No other estimates had 95% credible intervals (C.I) which did not include zero, making the results inconclusive. Despitethis, the hypothesis distributions indicated that stigma inventory estimates tended towards the hypothesised results. The Perceived Social Distance model indicated that there may have been an effect of the intervention that was unique to the PWP condition although the C.I’s for this hypothesis, and for all others, also included zero. The Social Distance model estimates did not produce any of the hypothesised results and none of the C.I’s included zero. Overall, this study found that a public stigmatism intervention has the potential to change stigmatising beliefs towards PWP and influence the perceived opinions of peers towards PWP. It also contests the proposed differences in PWP and alcoholism social distancing. Notably it provides a tentative first step in the development of a public stigmatism intervention which could potentially increase PWP participation in formal therapeutic services.
EVIEWS 9: Analisis Regresi Data Panel
Authors: Ahmaddien Iskandar
Published: December 2020

Buku ini terdiri dari enam bab. Sesuai dengan judulnya, penulis membahas tentang analisis regresi data panel menggunakan Eviews yang berfungsi untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan seputar data dengan berbagai bentuk. Di dalam buku ini disajikan pembahasannya dengan menarik. Terlebih lagi, aplikasi ini sangat mudah dioperasikan.
Benefit Cost Analysis of Small Farm Machineries Used for Rice Cultivation in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Prakash , Regmi Punya Prasad , Gauchan Devendra , KC Dilli Bahadur , KC Gopal Bahadur
Published: December 2020

A study was conducted in Jhapa, Sunsari and Bardiya district of Nepal to assess the benefit cost (BCA) analysis of small farm machineries (transplanter, reaper and power tiller) used for rice cultivation. Out of total respondents of 274 under mechanized farm category selected using Raosoft Software of sample size determination, 74% reaper owner (20),  67% power tiller owner (20) and 100% transplanter owner (09)  were selected for analyzing benefit cost analysis using simple random sampling. BCA analysis showed that the NPV, B/C ratio, IRR and Payback Period of investing in transplanter were NRs 452743.62, 1.61, 24% and 2.75 years at 12% discount rate respectively. Similarly, NPV, B/C ratio, IRR and Payback period for reaper and power tiller were NRs 422541.93, 2.89, 123% and 1.14 years and NRs 619,719.34, 2.32, 65% and 1.46 years at 12% of discount rate respectively. The investment on reaper and power tiller would be profitable for their higher Benefit Cost ratio and IRR, and lower payback period. The results of sensitivity analysis showed that investments in reaper and power tiller would be profitable even if decrease in benefit or increase in cost or decrease in benefit and increase in cost by 20% is considered. However, in case of transplanter, the IRR would be less than the discount rate when benefit decreases by 20% and cost increases by 20%. Due to high investment at the initial stage, the payback period was longer and IRR was also less than 30% per annum in transplanter which indicated that investment would not be made for transplanter unless price of transplanter is lowered through regulation of price and provision of subsidy. It is suggested to motivate farmers for adoption of small farm machineries in rice cultivation through provision of differentiated rates of subsidy and technical capacity build up.
Postpartum Depression and its Associated Factors among Postpartum Mothers Attending a Teaching Hospital in Eastern Nepal
Authors: Tripathi Pratikshya , Devkota Ganesh , Rai Prithi Bahadur
Published: December 2020

Background: Postnatal depression is an important and burning public health issue in modern civilization with the strongest connection to adverse outcome for children and also maternal morbidity. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among postpartum mothers attending Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in Immunization Clinic of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital. A total of 178 postpartum mothers with a period of six to fourteen weeks after delivery were selected by using non- probability consecutive sampling technique. Data was collected by using Edinburg Postnatal Depression Scale. Association between variables was measured by Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with postpartum depression among postpartum mothers

Results: The prevalence of postpartum depression among postpartum mothers was 30.3%.Amongst various variables, age of the women, religion, educational level, occupation, monthly income, type of pregnancy, parity, problem during pregnancy and delivery, infant health problem, marital satisfaction and stressful life events in previous year were significantly associated with postpartum depression.

Conclusion: The number of postpartum mothers experiencing postpartum depression was high. Early screening of depressive symptoms and counseling of postpartum mother should be included in routine antenatal and postnatal care services; so that, maternal morbidity and adverse child outcomes can be prevented.
Diversity of snake in Kaski district of Gandaki Province, Nepal
Authors: Baral Rishi , Sapkota Keshab Raj , Katila Mahendra Prasad , Giri Roshan , Pandey Sagar , Bhandari Aakash , Sapkota Abhisek , Gautam Ramji
Published: December 2020

Snakes are one of the most diverse vertebrates on the globe, mostly prefer arid zones. Nepal harbors a high unrecognized reptilian diversity. Information on the diversity and distribution of snakes in the western Nepal are derived from relatively from old literatures. This study updated the diversity and distribution of snakes from the Kaski district based on rescuing activities, field survey and literature review. Altogether 40 species of snake from five families were recorded in the Kaski district. The family Colubridae (70%) had the highest species diversity followed by Elapidae (12.5%), Viperidae (12.5%), Pythonidae (2.5 %), and Typhlopidae (2.5 %) respectively. Based on the IUCN global status of snake, 5 % are vulnerable, 5 % data deficient, 27.5 % are Least Concern and 62.5 % are Not Evaluated. Six species were found new distribution records in Kaski. Four species were the species listed on CITES II. Out of 40 species, 27.5% venomous (2.5 % were venomous but not fatal to human, 12.5% were neurotoxic, 12.5% were hemotoxic which are deadly venomous), 20% were weakly venomous and not fatal to human and 50 % were non-venomous. Habitat loss, nest destroyed, road-killed and meaningless killing by the negative perception of people was the most threat to snake in Kaski district.
उमेरको भिन्नताले औपचारिक भाषा सिकाइमा पार्ने प्रभाव Umerko Bhinnatale Aaupacharik Bhasha Sikaima Parne Prabhav
Authors: पौडेल Poudel नेत्रप्रसाद Netraprasad
Published: December 2020

उमेरको भिन्नताले औपचारिक भाषा सिकाइमा पार्ने प्रभाव नामक प्रस्तुतलेखलाई नेपाली भाषाको औपचारिक सिकाइमा उमेरको भिन्नताले पार्ने प्रभावको खोजी गर्नुभन्ने उद्देश्यमा आधारित तुल्याइएको छ । यस लेखलाई विषय प्रवेश, विधि तथा प्रक्रिया,तथ्याङ्कहरूको विश्लेषण, उपलब्धि तथा निष्कर्ष र शैक्षणिक उपादेयता गरी पाँच शीर्षकमापूरा गरिएको छ । काठमाडौँ उपत्यकाभित्रका तीन जिल्लामध्ये काठमाडौँबाट २४, ललितपुरबाट२४ र भक्तपुरबाट २४ गरी कक्षा ३, ४ र ५ का क्रमशः ८, ९ र १० वर्ष उमेरसमूहकासामुदायिक तथा संस्थागत विद्यालयका ७२ जना छात्रछात्राहरूलाई नमुना जनसङ्ख्याका रूपमालिई गरिएको यस अध्ययनबाट प्राप्त परिमाणात्मक तथ्याङ्कहरूलाई भाषाका चार शुद्ध सीप रतीन एकीकृत सीप गरी सिकाइ उपलब्धि र उमेरको प्रभाव सम्बद्ध नेपाली भाषाको औपचारिकसिकाइको सन्दर्भसँग जोडेर विश्लेषण गरिएको छ । सिकाइ उपलब्धिभित्र उमेरको प्रभावनिरूपण गर्दा एकातिर न्यूनतम २६ र अधिकतम ९६ प्रतिशतसम्म सिकाइ उपलब्धि हासिलभएको र उमेरको प्रभाव भने न्यूनतम ०.२१ र अधिकतम ४४.३१ प्रतिशतसम्म पाइएको छ ।कतै सामान्य त कतै अत्यधिक ढङ्गले परेको उमेरको प्रभावमा केही ठाउँमा विचलन पनिदेखिएको छ । थोरै अपवादलाई छोड्ने हो भने सुनाइ, बोलाइ, पढाइ र लेखाइ गरी चार शुद्धभाषिक सीप, सुनाइ र बोलाइ, पढाइ र लेखाइ, सुनाइ र लेखाइ एकीकृत भाषिक सीप तथास्वतन्त्र लेखन र कथाकथनमा कतै धेरै त कतै थोरै उमेरको प्रभावमा नियमितता पनि पाइएकोछ । प्रभावको अवस्था धेरै वा थोरै जे जस्तो भए पनि समग्रमा ८, ९ र १० वर्ष उमेरसमूहकाकक्षा ३, ४ र ५ का मातृभाषी नेपाली विद्यार्थीहरूको सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा विविधता पाइनुकोसाथै केही अपवादबाहेक उमेर बढ्दै जाँदा ८ भन्दा ९ र ९ भन्दा १० वर्ष उमेरसमूहकाबालबालिकाहरूको भाषाका शुद्ध तथा एकीकृत सीपका क्षेत्रहरूको सिकाइ उपलब्धिमा वृद्धिदेखिएको छ ।