bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRIM45 functions as a tumor suppressor in the brain via its E3 ligase activity by stabilizing p53 through K63-linked ubiquitination
Authors: Zhang Jindong , Zhang Chuanxia , Cui Jun , Ou Jiayu , Han Jing , Qin Yunfei , Zhi Feng , Wang Rong-Fu
Published: May 2017

Tripartite motif-containing protein 45 (TRIM45) belongs to a large family of RING-finger-containing E3 ligases, which are highly expressed in the brain. However, little is known regarding the role of TRIM45 in cancer biology, especially in human glioma. Here, we report that TRIM45 expression is significantly reduced in glioma tissue samples. Overexpression of TRIM45 suppresses proliferation and tumorigenicity in glioblastoma cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of TRIM45 promotes proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in glioblastoma cells. Further mechanistic analyses show that TRIM45 interacts with and stabilizes p53. TRIM45 conjugates K63-linked polyubiquitin chain to the C-terminal six lysine residues of p53, thereby inhibiting the availability of these residues to the K48-linked polyubiquitination that targets p53 for degradation. These findings suggest that TRIM45 is a novel tumor suppressor that stabilizes and activates p53 in glioma.
DT-13 synergistically enhanced vinorelbine-mediated mitotic arrest through inhibition of FOXM1-BICD2 axis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells
Authors: Li Hongyang , Sun Li , Li Hang , Lv Xiaodan , Semukunzi Herve , Li Ruiming , Yu Jun , Yuan Shengtao , Lin Sensen
Published: May 2017

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant disease with the leading cause of cancer-related death. Combination treatment remains the major strategy in the clinical therapy of NSCLC. Vinorelbine (NVB), a semi-synthetic vinca alkaloid, is used for advanced and metastatic NSCLC by destabilizing microtubule formation to induce mitotic arrest and cell death. However, the side effect of NVB heavily affected its effectiveness in clinical therapy. Hence, it is of great significance to develop new agents to synergize with NVB and decrease the adverse effect. In our study, we found that the saponin monomer 13 of the dwarf lilyturf tuber, DT-13, exhibiting anti-angiogenesis and anti-metastasis effect, synergized with NVB to inhibit cell proliferation in NSCLC cells. The synergistic interaction of DT-13 and NVB was confirmed by combination Index values. Also, DT-13 and NVB act in concert to inhibit the long-term colony formation. Furthermore, DT-13/NVB co-treatment cooperated to induce mitotic arrest and subsequent apoptosis. Mechanistically, we found that nuclear expression of transcription factors forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) and levels of motor adaptor bicaudal D2 (BICD2) were dramatically reduced by combination treatment. Importantly, oncogene FOXM1 was identified as the crucial regulator of BICD2, which played critical roles in NVB-induced mitotic spindle defects. Moreover, overexpression of FOXM1 and BICD2 significantly reversed mitotic arrest induced by DT-13/NVB co-treatment, and siRNAs against both genes greatly increased the combinational effects. In addition, in vivo study revealed that DT-13 combined with NVB significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice xenograft model, and downregulated the expression of FOXM1 and BICD2 in tumor tissues, which was consistent with in vitro study. In conclusion, DT-13 might provide a novel strategy for the chemosensitization of NVB in NSCLC therapy.
Aroclor1254 disrupts the blood–testis barrier by promoting endocytosis and degradation of junction proteins via p38 MAPK pathway
Authors: Jia Xiaoyu , Xu Ying , Wu Weixing , Fan Yunxia , Wang Guoli , Zhang Tianbiao , Su Wenhui
Published: May 2017

The blood–testis barrier (BTB) constituted by coexisting junction apparatus between Sertoli cells (SCs) plays an important role in spermatogenesis, which is a known target of various environmental toxicants. The commercial polychlorinated biphenyls mixture, Aroclor1254, has been shown to impair male reproduction by decreasing sperm count and affecting SC metabolism. This study was designed to investigate the effects of Aroclor1254 on the BTB integrity and elucidate the underlying mechanisms. We found that Aroclor1254 treatment in rats (1 or 3 mg/kg per day for 21 consecutive days) and in primary cultured SCs (5 or 10 μg/ml for 48 h) could induce BTB disruption via p38 MAPK pathway, concurrently with increments in junction proteins (JAM-A, N-cadherin, and β-catenin) endocytosis, and occludin ubiquitination. Either inhibition of caveolin-dependent membrane protein internalization by cholesterol oxidase or silencing E3 ubiquitine ligase Itch by small interfering RNA could partially counteract the effects of Aroclor1254 on the barrier function of cultured SCs. These results demonstrate that Aroclor1254 disrupts the BTB function by promoting the caveolin-dependent endocytosis and ubiquitine–proteasome degradation of junction proteins through the p38 MAPK pathway, which might be the potential reasons for its negative effects on spermatogenesis and male reproduction.
Coordination of cortical and thalamic activity during non-REM sleep in humans
Authors: Mak-McCully Rachel A. , Rolland Matthieu , Sargsyan Anna , Gonzalez Chris , Magnin Michel , Chauvel Patrick , Rey Marc , Bastuji Hélène , Halgren Eric
Published: May 2017

Every night, the human brain produces thousands of downstates and spindles during non-REM sleep. Previous studies indicate that spindles originate thalamically and downstates cortically, loosely grouping spindle occurrence. However, the mechanisms whereby the thalamus and cortex interact in generating these sleep phenomena remain poorly understood. Using bipolar depth recordings, we report here a sequence wherein: (1) convergent cortical downstates lead thalamic downstates; (2) thalamic downstates hyperpolarize thalamic cells, thus triggering spindles; and (3) thalamic spindles are focally projected back to cortex, arriving during the down-to-upstate transition when the cortex replays memories. Thalamic intrinsic currents, therefore, may not be continuously available during non-REM sleep, permitting the cortex to control thalamic spindling by inducing downstates. This archetypical cortico-thalamo-cortical sequence could provide the global physiological context for memory consolidation during non-REM sleep.
Correction: Corrigendum: A broadly protective therapeutic antibody against influenza B virus with two mechanisms of action
Authors: Chai Ning , Swem Lee R. , Park Summer , Nakamura Gerald , Chiang Nancy , Estevez Alberto , Fong Rina , Kamen Lynn , Kho Elviza , Reichelt Mike , Lin Zhonghua , Chiu Henry , Skippington Elizabeth , Modrusan Zora , Stinson Jeremy , Xu Min , Lupardus Patrick , Ciferri Claudio , Tan Man-Wah
Published: May 2017

Nature Communications 8: Article number: 14234 (2017); Published: 19 January 2017; Updated: 25 May 2017 This Article contains errors in Fig. 5c. The blue squares should be labelled ‘Water+46B8’ and the green triangles should be labelled ‘Tamiflu+46B8’. The correct version of Fig. 5 appears below as Fig.
Metallization and Electrical Transport Behaviors of GaSb under High-Pressure
Authors: Zhang Guozhao , Wu Baojia , Wang Jia , Zhang Haiwa , Liu Hao , Zhang Junkai , Liu Cailong , Gu Guangrui , Tian Lianhua , Ma Yanzhang , Gao Chunxiao
Published: May 2017

The high-pressure metallization and electrical transport behaviors of GaSb were systematically investigated using in situ temperature-dependent electrical resistivity measurements, Hall effect measurements, transmission electron microscopy analysis, and first-principles calculations. The temperature-dependent resistivity measurements revealed pressure-induced metallization of GaSb at approximately 7.0 GPa, which corresponds to a structural phase transition from F-43m to Imma. In addition, the activation energies for the conductivity and Hall effect measurements indicated that GaSb undergoes a carrier-type inversion (p-type to n-type) at approximately 4.5 GPa before metallization. The first-principles calculations also revealed that GaSb undergoes a phase transition from F-43m to Imma at 7.0 GPa and explained the carrier-type inversion at approximately 4.5 GPa. Finally, transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed the effect of the interface on the electrical transport behavior of a small-resistance GaSb sample and explained the discontinuous change of resistivity after metallization. Under high pressure, GaSb undergoes grain refinement, the number of interfaces increases, and carrier transport becomes more difficult, increasing the electrical resistivity.
Label-Free Fluorescence Spectroscopy for Detecting Key Biomolecules in Brain Tissue from a Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Shi Lingyan , Lu Luyao , Harvey George , Harvey Thomas , Rodríguez-Contreras Adrián , Alfano Robert R.
Published: May 2017

In this study, label-free fluorescence spectroscopy was used for the first time to determine spectral profiles of tryptophan, reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH), and flavin denine dinucleotide (FAD) in fresh brain samples of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Our results showed that the emission spectral profile levels of tryptophan and NADH were higher in AD samples than normal samples. The intensity ratio of tryptophan to NADH and the change rate of fluorescence intensity with respect to wavelength also increased in AD brain. These results yield an optical method for detecting early stage of AD by comparing spectral profiles of biomolecules.
Microscopic description of insulator-metal transition in high-pressure oxygen
Authors: Craco Luis , Laad Mukul S. , Leoni Stefano
Published: May 2017

Unusual metallic states involving breakdown of the standard Fermi-liquid picture of long-lived quasiparticles in well-defined band states emerge at low temperatures near correlation-driven Mott transitions. Prominent examples are ill-understood metallic states in d- and f-band compounds near Mott-like transitions. Finding of superconductivity in solid O2 on the border of an insulator-metal transition at high pressures close to 96 GPa is thus truly remarkable. Neither the insulator-metal transition nor superconductivity are understood satisfactorily. Here, we undertake a first step in this direction by focussing on the pressure-driven insulator-metal transition using a combination of first-principles density-functional and many-body calculations. We report a striking result: the finding of an orbital-selective Mott transition in a pure p-band elemental system. We apply our theory to understand extant structural and transport data across the transition, and make a specific two-fluid prediction that is open to future test. Based thereupon, we propose a novel scenario where soft multiband modes built from microscopically coexisting itinerant and localized electronic states are natural candidates for the pairing glue in pressurized O2.
Liquid-liquid extraction intensification by micro-droplet rotation in a hydrocyclone
Authors: Huang Yuan , Wang Hua-lin , Chen Yu-quan , Zhang Yan-hong , Yang Qiang , Bai Zhi-shan , Ma Liang
Published: May 2017

The previous literature reports that using a hydrocyclone as an extractor intensifies the mass transfer and largely reduces the consumption of extractant from 1800–2000 kg h−1 to 30–90 kg h−1. However, the intensification mechanism has not been clear. This paper presents experimental and numerical methods to study the multi-scale motion of particles in hydrocyclones. In addition to the usually considered translational behavior, the high-speed rotation of dispersed micro-spheres caused by the anisotropic swirling shear flow is determined. The rotation speeds of the tested micro-spheres are above 1000 rad s−1, which are much larger than the instantaneous rotation speed in isotropic turbulence. Due to the conical structure of a hydrocyclone, the rotation speed maintains stability along the axial direction. Numerical results show that the particle Reynolds number of micro-droplets in a hydrocyclone is equal to that in conventional extractors, but the particles have high rotation speeds of up to 10,000 rad s−1 and long mixing lengths of more than 1000 mm. Both the rotation of micro-droplets along the spiral trajectories and the intense eddy diffusion in a hydrocyclone contribute to the extraction intensification.
Trichogenic-selenium nanoparticles enhance disease suppressive ability of Trichoderma against downy mildew disease caused by Sclerospora graminicola in pearl millet
Authors: Nandini Boregowda , Hariprasad Puttaswamy , Prakash Harischandra Sripathy , Shetty Hunthrike Shekar , Geetha Nagaraja
Published: May 2017

Trichoderma spp. are well known biocontrol agents used against phytopathogens. In the present work Trichoderma-mediated Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) were synthesized and extent of downy mildew (DM) disease control in pearl millet (PM) was studied. Six species of Trichoderma namely, T. asperellum, T. harzianum, T. atroviride, T. virens, T. longibrachiatum and T. brevicompactum were evaluated in the form of culture filtrate (CF), cell lysate (CL) and crude cell wall (CW) to synthesize SeNPs. All these components produced SeNPs, but CF was significant than CL and CW. The size of SeNPs ranged from 49.5 to 312.5 nm with zeta potential of +3.3 mv to −200 mv. The nanoparticles suppressed the growth, sporulation and zoospore viability of Sclerospora graminicola and these biological activities were inversely proportional to the size of SeNPs. Under greenhouse conditions, application of SeNPs and T. asperellum together enhanced the early plant growth and suppressed DM incidence as compared to their individual application. This study demonstrated the ability of Trichogenic-SeNPs to suppress growth and proliferation of S. graminicola, the incitant of DM of PM and their activity is inversely proportional to size of nanoparticles.
Understanding the mechanisms of dormancy in an invasive alien Sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata through transcript and metabolite profiling
Authors: Li Feng-Qi , Fu Ning-Ning , Qu Cheng , Wang Ran , Xu Yi-Hua , Luo Chen
Published: May 2017

The sycamore lace bug, Corythucha ciliata, is a pest of sycamore trees. In China, it is found in the most northern border where it has been known to become dormant during harsh winters. But the molecular and metabolic basis for dormancy in this insect is still unknown. In this study, we analyzed the transcript and metabolite profiles of this bug to identify key genes and metabolites that are significantly regulated during dormancy in adult females and males. In total, 149 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were significantly up-regulated and 337 DEGs were significantly down-regulated in dormant adults (both females and males). We found major differences in heat shock protein (HSPs), immunity-responsive genes, NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) and genes involved in the spliceosome pathway that is known to regulate stress. Among the 62 metabolites identified by GC-MS, 12 metabolites including glycerol, trehalose, and alanine were significantly increased during C. ciliata dormancy. By integrating the transcriptome and metabolite datasets, we found that the metabolites in glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and citrate cycle (TCA) were significantly reduced. This study is the first to report both transcript and metabolite profiles of the overwintering responses of C. ciliata to cold stress at the molecular level.
Visual Detection of Denatured Glutathione Peptides: A Facile Method to Visibly Detect Heat Stressed Biomolecules
Authors: Farrell Monique J. , Reaume Robert J. , Pradhan Aswini K.
Published: May 2017

Every year pharmaceutical companies use significant resources to mitigate aggregation of pharmaceutical drug products. Specifically, peptides and proteins that have been denatured or degraded can lead to adverse patient reactions such as undesired immune responses. Current methods to detect aggregation of biological molecules are limited to costly and time consuming processes such as high pressure liquid chromatography, ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography and SDS-PAGE gels. Aggregation of pharmaceutical drug products can occur during manufacturing, processing, packaging, shipment and storage. Therefore, a facile in solution detection method was evaluated to visually detect denatured glutathione peptides, utilizing gold nanoparticle aggregation via 3-Aminopropyltreithoxysilane. Glutathione was denatured using a 70 °C water bath to create an accelerated heat stressed environment. The peptide, gold nanoparticle and aminosilane solution was then characterized via, UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. Captured images and resulting absorbance spectra of the gold nanoparticle, glutathione, and aminosilane complex demonstrated visual color changes detectable with the human eye as a function of the denaturation time. This work serves as an extended proof of concept for fast in solution detection methods for glutathione peptides that have experienced heat stress.
Voluntary Vaccination through Self-organizing Behaviors on Locally-mixed Social Networks
Authors: Shi Benyun , Qiu Hongjun , Niu Wenfang , Ren Yizhi , Ding Hong , Chen Dan
Published: May 2017

Voluntary vaccination reflects how individuals weigh the risk of infection and the cost of vaccination against the spread of vaccine-preventable diseases, such as smallpox and measles. In a homogeneously mixing population, the infection risk of an individual depends largely on the proportion of vaccinated individuals due to the effects of herd immunity. While in a structured population, the infection risk can also be affected by the structure of individuals’ social network. In this paper, we focus on studying individuals’ self-organizing behaviors under the circumstance of voluntary vaccination in different types of social networks. Specifically, we assume that each individual together with his/her neighbors forms a local well-mixed environment, where individuals meet equally often as long as they have a common neighbor. We carry out simulations on four types of locally-mixed social networks to investigate the network effects on voluntary vaccination. Furthermore, we also evaluate individuals’ vaccinating decisions through interacting with their “neighbors of neighbors”. The results and findings of this paper provide a new perspective for vaccination policy-making by taking into consideration human responses in complex social networks.
Silica-supported NiO nanocomposites prepared via a sol–gel technique and their excellent catalytic performance for one-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzodiazepine derivatives under microwave irradiation
Authors: Nasir Zeba , Ali Abad , Shakir Mohammad , Wahab Rizwan , Shamsuzzaman Shamsuzzaman , Lutfullah Lutfullah
Published: May 2017

Heterogeneous and versatile NiO–SiO2NCs were synthesized by a sol–gel technique and used as a catalyst for the one-pot multicomponent synthesis of benzodiazepines.
Improving ruthenium-based ECL through nonionic surfactants and tertiary amines
Authors: Kirschbaum-Harriman Stefanie , Duerkop Axel , Baeumner Antje J.
Published: May 2017

The influence of surfactants and coreactants on Ru(bpy)32+ electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) was investigated comparatively.
Monitoring ATPase induced pH changes in single proteoliposomes with the lipid-coupled fluorophore Oregon Green 488
Authors: Schwamborn Miriam , Schumacher Johannes , Sibold Jeremias , Teiwes Nikolas K. , Steinem Claudia
Published: May 2017

Oregon Green 488 DHPE is a commercially available, well suited fluorescent indicator to measure vesicular pH-changes in bulk solution and at the single vesicle level.
Quantitative control of CaCO3 growth on quartz crystal microbalance sensors as a signal amplification method
Authors: Wu Congcong , Sun Zhaomei , Liu Li-Shang
Published: May 2017

Quantitative control of mass growth on QCM sensor surfaces was realized, providing a potential signal amplification method.
Incorporating spectroscopic on-line monitoring as a method of detection for a Lewis cell setup
Authors: Heller Forrest D. , Casella Amanda J. , Lumetta Gregg J. , Nash Kenneth L. , Sinkov Sergey I. , Bryan Samuel A.
Published: May 2017

A Lewis cell was designed and constructed for investigating solvent extraction systems by spectrophotometrically monitoring both the organic and aqueous phases in real time.
An ultrasensitive multi-walled carbon nanotube–platinum–luminol nanocomposite-based electrochemiluminescence immunosensor
Authors: Zhang Xin , Ke Hong , Wang Zhiming , Guo Weiwei , Zhang Amin , Huang Chusen , Jia Nengqin
Published: May 2017

An ultrasensitive electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) detection using multi-walled carbon nanotube–platinum–luminol nanocomposites (MWCNT–Pt–luminol) as nanointerface and signal tags was designed.
Infrared atmospheric solids analysis probe (IR-ASAP) mass spectrometry for ambient analysis of volatile compounds without heated gas
Authors: Madarshahian Sara , Pophristic Milan , McEwen Charles N.
Published: May 2017

The IR-ASAP approach described is a simple yet highly sensitive ambient ionization method for analysis of vaporizable compounds without need of heated pressurized gas, thus making it especially amenable to portable mass spectrometers.
Polydopamine nanocoated whole-cell asymmetric biocatalysts
Authors: Wang Li , Hu Zhi-Yi , Yang Xiao-Yu , Zhang Bo-Bo , Geng Wei , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Su Bao-Lian
Published: May 2017

Our whole-cell biocatalyst with a polydopamine nanocoating shows high catalytic activity, reusability and accessibility for multi-functionalization.
Synthesis of CaCO3nano- and micro-particles by dry ice carbonation
Authors: Donnelly F. C. , Purcell-Milton F. , Framont V. , Cleary O. , Dunne P. W. , Gun'ko Y. K.
Published: May 2017

Here we report a new low temperature dry ice carbonation approach for the synthesis of carbonate-based nano- and micro-particulate materials, which enables the preparation of monodispersed calcium carbonate nanoparticles and microspheres with very high purity phases.
Organotin-based receptors for anions and ion pairs
Authors: Naseer Muhammad Moazzam , Jurkschat Klaus
Published: May 2017

The design, synthesis, and applications of organotin-based anion and ion pair receptors are highlighted.
A novel singlet oxygen involved peroxymonosulfate activation mechanism for degradation of ofloxacin and phenol in water
Authors: Tian Xike , Gao Panpan , Nie Yulun , Yang Chao , Zhou Zhaoxin , Li Yong , Wang Yanxin
Published: May 2017

1O2 as the dominant ROS together with ˙OH, SO4˙− and O2˙− were involved in the LaMnO3/PMS process.
Hydrazone switches and things in between
Authors: Aprahamian Ivan
Published: May 2017

This feature article surveys the various ways by which a structurally simple hydrazone can be used in accessing different functional materials, mainly photo/chemically activated switches, fluorophores and sensors.
The controlled synthesis of pillar[6]arene-based hexagonal cylindrical structures on an electrode surface via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Tsuneishi Chiaki , Koizumi Yuki , Sueto Ryuta , Nishiyama Hiroki , Yasuhara Kazuma , Yamagishi Tada-aki , Ogoshi Tomoki , Tomita Ikuyoshi , Inagi Shinsuke
Published: May 2017

Electrochemical oxidation of pillar[6]arene containing six hydroquinones resulted in the formation of hexagonal cylindrical structures on an electrode surface driven by charge transfer interaction.
A polymer and graphene layer to increase dye regeneration and suppress back electron transfer in dye sensitized solar cells
Authors: Sudhakar Vediappan , Arulkashmir Arulraj , Krishnamoorthy Kothandam
Published: May 2017

A polymer–graphene blocking layer decreases back electron transfer and increases dye regeneration that improved the DSSC efficiency to 10.4%.
A facile approach toward 1,2-diazabenzo[ghi]perylene derivatives: structures and electronic properties
Authors: Wei Haipeng , Qiu Tiancheng , Huang Xiaobo , Zhou Jun , Guo Jing , Jiang Chuanling , Luo Shenglian , Zeng Zebing , Wu Jishan
Published: May 2017

Novel pyridazine-fused perylenes are synthesized via simple intermolecular oxidative coupling followed by a condensation strategy, in which attractive structural and electronic features are observed.
A novel anion doping strategy to enhance upconversion luminescence in NaGd(MoO4)2:Yb3+/Er3+ nanophosphors
Authors: Li Anming , Xu Dekang , Lin Hao , Yao Lu , Yang Shenghong , Shao Yuanzhi , Zhang Yueli , Chen Zhenqiang
Published: May 2017

A novel and efficient F− anion doping strategy is proposed for enhancing upconversion luminescence in NaGd(MoO4)2:Yb3+/Er3+ nanophosphors.
Mechanistic insight into the thermal activation of Togni's trifluoromethylation reagents
Authors: Santschi Nico , Jelier Benson J. , Nauser Thomas
Published: May 2017

The thermal activation of Togni's reagent was studied by GC-MS and shown to generate CF3 and, concomitantly, alkyl radicals.
Metal-oxide assisted surface treatment of polyimide gate insulators for high-performance organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Kim Sohee , Ha Taewook , Yoo Sungmi , Ka Jae-Won , Kim Jinsoo , Won Jong Chan , Choi Dong Hoon , Jang Kwang-Suk , Kim Yun Ho
Published: May 2017

We developed a facile method for treating polyimide-based organic gate insulator (OGI) surfaces with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) by introducing metal-oxide interlayers, called the metal-oxide assisted SAM treatment (MAST).
Revealing the slow decomposition kinetics of type-I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30
Authors: Reardon Hazel , Blichfeld Anders B. , Kasai Hidetaka , Yin Hao , Bøjesen Espen Drath , Iversen Bo B.
Published: May 2017

Destabilization of the type I clathrate Ba8Ga16Ge30at moderate temperatures has been revealed, prompting the thermoelectric community to consider the impact of operational temperatures on the stability and reliability of highzTmaterials.
Ice-templating synthesis of macroporous noble metal/3D-graphene nanocomposites: their fluorescence lifetimes and catalytic study
Authors: Kumar Sahoo Prasanta , Panigrahy Bharati , Thakur Dinbandhu , Bahadur Dhirendra
Published: May 2017

Porous architectures of 3D-graphene assembled with noble metal (Au, Pd and Pt) nanoparticles were successfully fabricated through a one-step green route using a low-cost freeze-casting method.
Synthesis and characterization of low viscosity hexafluoroacetylacetonate-based hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids
Authors: Pierson Stephen A. , Nacham Omprakash , Clark Kevin D. , Nan He , Mudryk Yaroslav , Anderson Jared L.
Published: May 2017

The properties of low viscosity, hydrophobic magnetic ionic liquids featuring transition and rare earth metal hexafluoroacetylacetonate chelated anions paired with the trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium cation are studied.
Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of zerumbone pendant derivatives: potent candidates for anti-diabetic and anti-proliferative activities
Authors: Dhanya B. P. , Gopalan Greeshma , Reshmitha T. R. , Saranya J. , Sharathna P. , Shibi I. G. , Nisha P. , Radhakrishnan K. V.
Published: May 2017

A series of zerumbone pendant derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their α-glucosidase, α-amylase and glycation inhibition activities.
The effect of chalcogen substitution on the structure and spectroscopy of 4,7-dimethyl-2H-chromen-2-one/thione analogues
Authors: Delgado Espinosa Zuly Yuliana , Saeed Aamer , Mahmood Shamsul , Echeverría Gustavo A. , Piro Oscar E. , Erben Mauricio F.
Published: May 2017

The structural and spectroscopic properties of the 1-benzopyran-2-one/thione moiety.
Velopharyngeal Status of Stop Consonants and Vowels Produced by Young Children With and Without Repaired Cleft Palate at 12, 14, and 18 Months of Age: A Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Eshghi Marziye , Vallino Linda D. , Baylis Adriane L. , Preisser John S. , Zajac David J.
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The objective was to determine velopharyngeal (VP) status of stop consonants and vowels produced by young children with repaired cleft palate (CP) and typically developing (TD) children from 12 to 18 months of age.

Method

Nasal ram pressure (NRP) was monitored in 9 children (5 boys, 4 girls) with repaired CP with or without cleft lip and 9 TD children (5 boys, 4 girls) at 12, 14, and 18 months of age. VP status was categorized as open or closed for oral stops and vowels in three contexts—consonant–vowel syllables, vowel–consonant–vowel syllables, and isolated vowels—on the basis of the presence or absence of positive nasal ram pressure.

Results

At 12 months of age, TD children produced 98% of stops and vowels in syllables with VP closure throughout the entire segment compared with 81% of stops and vowels for children with CP (
p
< .0001). There were no significant group differences at 14 or 18 months of age.

Conclusions

TD children exhibit consistent VP closure for stop consonants and vowels at 12 months of age. Some children with repaired CP do not achieve consistent closure until 14 months of age, approximately 3 to 4 months following palate repair.
The Effect of Visual Variability on the Learning of Academic Concepts
Authors: Bourgoyne Ashley , Alt Mary
Published: May 2017

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to identify effects of variability of visual input on development of conceptual representations of academic concepts for college-age students with normal language (NL) and those with language-learning disabilities (LLD).

Method

Students with NL (
n
= 11) and LLD (
n
= 11) participated in a computer-based training for introductory biology course concepts. Participants were trained on half the concepts under a low-variability condition and half under a high-variability condition. Participants completed a posttest in which they were asked to identify and rate the accuracy of novel and trained visual representations of the concepts. We performed separate repeated measures analyses of variance to examine the accuracy of identification and ratings.

Results

Participants were equally accurate on trained and novel items in the high-variability condition, but were less accurate on novel items only in the low-variability condition. The LLD group showed the same pattern as the NL group; they were just less accurate.

Conclusions

Results indicated that high-variability visual input may facilitate the acquisition of academic concepts in college students with NL and LLD. High-variability visual input may be especially beneficial for generalization to novel representations of concepts. Implicit learning methods may be harnessed by college courses to provide students with basic conceptual knowledge when they are entering courses or beginning new units.
An Unusual Cause of Osteomyelitis of the Rib and the Scalp
Authors: Jayaraman Aparna , Gurusaran Prasantha , Sivathanu Shobhana , Raghavendran Angelina
Published: May 2017

Salmonella osteomyelitis is unusual in nonsicklers. We report the case of a child with T-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) on maintenance therapy who developed osteomyelitis of two different flat bones. The culture grew Salmonella paratyphi B. Surgical drainage and appropriate antibiotic therapy led to complete resolution of this unusual infection.
An exploration and further study of an enhanced Oldroyd model
Authors: Bird R. Byron , Drugan W. J.
Published: May 2017

The Oldroyd 6-constant constitutive model for polymeric liquids [J. G. Oldroyd, “On the formulation of rheological equations of state,” Proc. R. Soc. A 200, 523 (1950)] was shown in the work of Bird [“A modification of the Oldroyd model for rigid dumbbell suspensions with Brownian motion,” Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 23, 157 (1972)] to have insufficient flexibility even to describe all second-order time-dependent behaviors of the simple molecular model of rigid dumbbells in solution. Bird proposed an enhancement of the Oldroyd model that would remove this deficiency. The advantage of such a continuum constitutive model is that it is far easier to use in solving specific flow problems than the more physical, but far more cumbersome, molecular models. Thus, if this enhanced constitutive model is indeed able to replicate the results of the molecular models, it should be extremely useful over the applicable range. Here, we employ the enhanced constitutive model of Bird [Z. Angew. Math. Phys. 23, 157 (1972)] to solve four different flow problems, and we verify that our solutions coincide exactly with those of a molecular model: through third order for rectilinear steady shear flow and steady extensional flow, and for one steady non-rectilinear flow (eccentric disk rheometer flow); and through second order for one unsteady (i.e., oscillatory) shear flow, thus providing strong confirmation of the physical veracity and utility of this continuum constitutive model, at least for small and moderate shear or extension rates.
All static charged dust spheres in general relativity
Authors: Hansraj Sudan , Maharaj Sunil D. , Mlaba Sphakamiso , Qwabe Nkululeko
Published: May 2017

Exact solutions for distributions of static charged dust in general relativity are sought in a systematic way in curvature coordinates. An algorithm is proposed to identify all dust spheres subject to carrying out a single integration after specifying a gravitational potential. It is argued that charged dust distributions are described by metrics that are inherently singular. The algorithm is illustrated for a simple case that generalises several known cases treated historically. Further new dust models are generated by specifying the other gravitational potential and well known metric Ansätze, namely, the generalised Schwarzschild and Finch–Skea prescriptions are treated.
An empirical correction for moderate multiple scattering in super-heterodyne light scattering
Authors: Botin Denis , Mapa Ludmila Marotta , Schweinfurth Holger , Sieber Bastian , Wittenberg Christopher , Palberg Thomas
Published: May 2017

Frequency domain super-heterodyne laser light scattering is utilized in a low angle integral measurement configuration to determine flow and diffusion in charged sphere suspensions showing moderate to strong multiple scattering. We introduce an empirical correction to subtract the multiple scattering background and isolate the singly scattered light. We demonstrate the excellent feasibility of this simple approach for turbid suspensions of transmittance T ≥ 0.4. We study the particle concentration dependence of the electro-kinetic mobility in low salt aqueous suspension over an extended concentration regime and observe a maximum at intermediate concentrations. We further use our scheme for measurements of the self-diffusion coefficients in the fluid samples in the absence or presence of shear, as well as in polycrystalline samples during crystallization and coarsening. We discuss the scope and limits of our approach as well as possible future applications.
Phase-field modeling of liquids splitting between separating surfaces and its application to high-resolution roll-based printing technologies
Authors: Hizir F. E. , Hardt D. E.
Published: May 2017

An in-depth understanding of the liquid transport in roll-based printing systems is essential for advancing the roll-based printing technology and enhancing the performance of the printed products. In this study, phase-field simulations are performed to characterize the liquid transport in roll-based printing systems, and the phase-field method is shown to be an effective tool to simulate the liquid transport. In the phase-field simulations, the liquid transport through the ink transfer rollers is approximated as the stretching and splitting of liquid bridges with pinned or moving contact lines between vertically separating surfaces. First, the effect of the phase-field parameters and the mesh characteristics on the simulation results is examined. The simulation results show that a sharp interface limit is approached as the capillary width decreases while keeping the mobility proportional to the capillary width squared. Close to the sharp interface limit, the mobility changes over a specified range are observed to have no significant influence on the simulation results. Next, the ink transfer from the cells on the surface of an ink-metering roller to the surface of stamp features is simulated. Under negligible inertial effects and in the absence of gravity, the amount of liquid ink transferred from an axisymmetric cell with low surface wettability to a stamp with high surface wettability is found to increase as the cell sidewall steepness and the cell surface wettability decrease and the stamp surface wettability and the capillary number increase. Strategies for improving the resolution and quality of roll-based printing are derived based on an analysis of the simulation results. The application of novel materials that contain cells with irregular surface topography to stamp inking in high-resolution roll-based printing is assessed.
Hydrodynamics of a self-propelled flexible fin near the ground
Authors: Park Sung Goon , Kim Boyoung , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: May 2017

Many animals in nature experience hydrodynamic benefits by swimming near the ground. Inspired by near-ground swimmers, a flexible fin flapping near the ground was modeled in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system. The transverse heaving motion was prescribed at the leading edge and the posterior part of the fin fluttered passively under the fin–fluid interaction. The fin freely moved horizontally in a quiescent flow, which dynamically determined the swimming speed. The fluid–flexible fin interaction was considered by using an immersed boundary method. The fin could swim up to 14% faster near the ground than in the bulk fluid, and the vortices in the wake moved away from the ground. The body kinematics was passively altered by flapping near the ground, and the trailing edge amplitude decreased as the ground proximity increased. The benefits or penalties in the thrust and the power input by swimming near the ground were not only the direct results of the hydrodynamic changes, but also the indirect results of the altered body kinematics. The thrust was enhanced by approximately 37% and the power input increased by about 17% at the ground proximity of 1.5, which were the pure results of the hydrodynamic changes near the ground. The flexible fin could generate more thrust near the ground with a smaller penalty in the power input, leading to the enhancement of the Froude propulsive efficiency by about 17%.
Four channel high power rf source with beam steering based on gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines
Authors: Romanchenko I. V. , Ulmaskulov M. R. , Sharypov K. A. , Shunailov S. A. , Shpak V. G. , Yalandin M. I. , Pedos M. S. , Rukin S. N. , Konev V. Yu. , Rostov V. V.
Published: May 2017

The synchronized operation of four gyromagnetic nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) was tested with a pulse repetition frequency up to 1 kHz during 1 s bursts. High voltage pulses with a duration of ∼5 ns from the solid state driver S-500 were split into four 48 Ω channels reaching about −200 kV in each channel with ∼10% variation in the amplitude. The maximum peak voltage at the NLTL output was within 220-235 kV with the maximum modulation depth of decaying oscillations up to 90% at the center frequency near 2.1 GHz. The relative delay between channels reached the half-period of the center frequency of oscillations. The associated beam steering by four element array of conical helical antennas was demonstrated in a horizontal plane at 17°. The effective potential of radiation reached 360 kV at the radiation axis. The effect of ferrite temperature on the shock wave velocity in gyromagnetic NLTL is observed.
Wall shear stress fluctuations: Mixed scaling and their effects on velocity fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer
Authors: Diaz-Daniel Carlos , Laizet Sylvain , Vassilicos J. Christos
Published: May 2017

The present work investigates numerically the statistics of the wall shear stress fluctuations in a turbulent boundary layer (TBL) and their relation to the velocity fluctuations outside of the near-wall region. The flow data are obtained from a Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) of a zero pressure-gradient TBL using the high-order flow solver Incompact3D [S. Laizet and E. Lamballais, “High-order compact schemes for incompressible flows: A simple and efficient method with quasi-spectral accuracy,” J. Comput. Phys. 228(16), 5989 (2009)]. The maximum Reynolds number of the simulation is Re𝜃≈2000, based on the free-stream velocity and the momentum thickness of the boundary layer. The simulation data suggest that the root-mean-squared fluctuations of the streamwise and spanwise wall shear-stress components τx and τz follow a logarithmic dependence on the Reynolds number, consistent with the empirical correlation of Örlü and Schlatter [R. Örlü and P. Schlatter, “On the fluctuating wall-shear stress in zero pressure-gradient turbulent boundary layer flows,” Phys. Fluids 23, 021704 (2011)]. These functional dependencies can be used to estimate the Reynolds number dependence of the wall turbulence dissipation rate in good agreement with reference DNS data. Our results suggest that the rare negative events of τx can be associated with the extreme values of τz and are related to the presence of coherent structures in the buffer layer, mainly quasi-streamwise vortices. We also develop a theoretical model, based on a generalisation of the Townsend-Perry hypothesis of wall-attached eddies, to link the statistical moments of the filtered wall shear stress fluctuations and the second order structure function of fluctuating velocities at a distance y from the wall. This model suggests that the wall shear stress fluctuations may induce a higher slope in the turbulence energy spectra of streamwise velocities than the one predicted by the Townsend-Perry attached-eddy model.
Theoretical analysis of an oscillatory plane Poiseuille flow—A link to the design of vortex flow meter
Authors: Ma Huai-Lung , Kuo Cheng-Hsiung
Published: May 2017

Theoretical analysis on an oscillatory plane Poiseuille flow is conducted in terms of a non-dimensional ratio (η) of the channel half-width to Stokes’ layer thickness. The cyclic velocity profiles, the phase shifts and the magnitudes among the driving pressure gradient, the induced wall shear stress, and the volume flux are investigated. Also, the flow physics at a different ratio η is demonstrated. In this study, the mechanism of the driving pressure gradient and the oscillating volume flux is similar to and can be employed to demonstrate the slit flow in the application of the novel vortex flow meter using a slit cylinder as a shedder. When applied to the novel vortex flow meter, the non-dimensional ratio η can be expressed as the relation of the slit width ratio (S/D), the Strouhal number, and the Reynolds number. Finally, a range of η between 0.97 < η < 20 will be suggested for the vortex flow meter at the design stage. Large values of η are employed at a high Reynolds number, and small η is used for low Reynolds number applications. In the novel vortex flow meters, a cylinder with a normal axial slit of width (S) is employed as the shedder. Due to the primary lock-on, the process of vortex shedding synchronizes with the rhythm of slit flow leading to a stable shedding frequency. The value η is well correlated by the value of ηopt obtained by experiments and shows a one-to-one correspondence to the slit ratio at each Reynolds number. Once the design value of ηopt is determined, the optimal slit ratio can be estimated for a fixed applied Reynolds number at the design stage.
Shape and energy consistent pseudopotentials for correlated electron systems
Authors: Trail J. R. , Needs R. J.
Published: May 2017

A method is developed for generating pseudopotentials for use in correlated-electron calculations. The paradigms of shape and energy consistency are combined and defined in terms of correlated-electron wave-functions. The resulting energy consistent correlated electron pseudopotentials (eCEPPs) are constructed for H, Li–F, Sc–Fe, and Cu. Their accuracy is quantified by comparing the relaxed molecular geometries and dissociation energies which they provide with all electron results, with all quantities evaluated using coupled cluster singles, doubles, and triples calculations. Errors inherent in the pseudopotentials are also compared with those arising from a number of approximations commonly used with pseudopotentials. The eCEPPs provide a significant improvement in optimised geometries and dissociation energies for small molecules, with errors for the latter being an order-of-magnitude smaller than for Hartree-Fock-based pseudopotentials available in the literature. Gaussian basis sets are optimised for use with these pseudopotentials.
Composition dependent phase transition and its induced hysteretic effect in the thermal conductivity of WxMo1−xTe2
Authors: Yan Xue-Jun , Lv Yang-Yang , Li Lei , Li Xiao , Yao Shu-Hua , Chen Yan-Bin , Liu Xiao-Ping , Lu Hong , Lu Ming-Hui , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: May 2017

Recently, transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) materials have shown promise in electronics and optoelectronics applications. Most of their properties are closely related to their abundant structural phases and phase transitions. For more practical applications in the future, it is necessary to tune the phase transitions in this material system. Here, we demonstrate the modulation of phase transitions in miscible WxMo1−xTe2 samples by appropriate alloying. The temperature dependent thermal conductivity along the c-axis, which strongly relates to the phase structures and the defect level, has been measured using the time-domain thermoreflectance method. In addition, a tunable hysteretic effect, induced by phase transitions, is observed in both thermal and electrical transport properties and confirmed by the consistent hysteresis in the Raman spectroscopic study. This hysteretic effect can be applied to realize phase-change storage devices. Furthermore, we provide a phase diagram to illustrate the composition dependent phase transition in WxMo1−xTe2. This work demonstrates an approach to modulate phase transition and thermal hysteresis in such a TMD material system by alloying engineering.
Topological rigidity fails for quotients of the Davis complex
Authors: Stark Emily
Published: May 2017

A Coxeter group acts properly and cocompactly by isometries on the Davis complex for the group; we call the quotient of the Davis complex under this action the Davis orbicomplex for the group. We prove the set of finite covers of the Davis orbicomplexes for the set of one-ended Coxeter groups is not topologically rigid. We exhibit a quotient of a Davis complex by a one-ended right-angled Coxeter group which has two finite covers that are homotopy equivalent but not homeomorphic. We discuss consequences for the abstract commensurability classification of Coxeter groups.
Isoperimetric inequalities under bounded integral norms of Ricci curvature and mean curvature
Authors: Paeng Seong-Hun
Published: May 2017

We obtain isoperimetric inequalities under bounded integral norms of Ricci curvature and mean curvature. Also we generalize the results to metric-measure spaces.