bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE ROLE OF CAVE NAMES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Department of Physical and Economical Geography, Astana, Kazakhstan, YEGINBAYEVA Aigul , SAPAROV Kuat ,   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Department of Physical and Economical Geography, Astana, Kazakhstan, ZHENSIKBAYEVA Nazgul ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan State University, Department of Ecology and Geography, Ust’-Kamenogorsk, Kazakhstan, NURPEISOVA Akerke ,   Shakarim State University, Department of Natural Sciences, Semey, Kazakhstan, SHAKHANTAYEVA Zhanna ,   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Department of Physical and Economical Geography, Astana, Kazakhstan, KEIKIN Yernar ,   L.N. Gumilyev Eurasian National University, Department of Physical and Economical Geography, Astana, Kazakhstan, ATIS Evren ,   Kastamonu University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Geography, Kastamonu, Turkey
Published: June 2024

Geographical names, including speleonyms, which were once not registered in official sources, have been preserved in the form of missing words or errors in the Russian language. Therefore, the task of their collection and systematization is fixed by many resolutions of the government of the Republic of Kazakhstan and other authorized bodies. One of the issues of determining the ways of implementing the project "sacred geography of Kazakhstan" and the direction of research work is aimed at restoring the names of caves. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the formation of cave names on the territory of Kazakhstan and the geographical prerequisites for their restoration. Research objectives: to determine the role of physical and geographical conditions of Kazakhstan in the formation of speleonyms; to reflect the patterns and areas of cave distribution in Kazakhstan and to analyze the geographical aspects of the formation of speleonyms; analysis of geographical aspects of the formation of speleonyms; determination of the place of speleonyms as tourist and recreational objects; making proposals for the preservation of caves and Speleonyms of Kazakhstan. The object of the study is caves and other underground parts distributed on the territory of Kazakhstan as special objects of the sacred regions of the country, the subject of the study is the conditions and meaning of the formation of the names of these caves, their geographical prerequisites and opportunities for restoration. The caves will be of great interest from a geomorphological, hydrological, bio-speleological, archaeological and paleozoological point of view. In recent years, they are studied as unique natural landscapes. The importance of caves for speleotourism is also difficult to overestimate.
WATER RESILIENCE UNDER CLIMATE CHANGE IN AZERBAIJAN
Authors:   Azerbaijan State Water Resources Agency, Baku Engineering University, Khırdalan, Baku, Azerbaijan, ISMAYILOV Rashail , SULEYMANOV Firuz ,   Department of Geographical and Historical Studies, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
Published: June 2024

Water resilience under climate change in Azerbaijan is increasingly vital as rising temperatures and erratic precipitation patterns strain water resources. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive strategy that integrates adaptive water management practices and stakeholder collaboration to ensure sustainable water access and mitigate the impacts of climate variability. The aim of this article is to analyze the challenges posed by climate change on water resources in Azerbaijan and propose strategies to enhance water resilience. The paper discusses how effective are existing water conservation policy in Azerbaijan, are and what effective solutions can be proposed to enhance water resilience in the face of scarcity under climate change. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to comprehensively address various dimensions of water scarcity. Quantitative methods, including hydrological modelling and statistical assessments, enable an exploration of the tangible aspects of water availability and distribution, aiding in our understanding of the physical dynamics involved. In terms of ensuring water resilience in Azerbaijan during the analysis of changes in the volume of water taken from natural water sources was observed a decrease in the volume of water taken from surface water sources, an increase in the volume of water taken from groundwater sources. If the amount of extracting from water sources continues at the current rate, it is projected to reach 13.8 km3 in 2030, 14.8 km3 in 2040, and 15.8 km3 in 2050 in Azerbaijan.
Enhancing mathematics education in the UAE: Elementary teachers’ views on distance education methods
Authors: Jarrah Adeeb M. , Fayez Kamar , Almarashdi Hanan , Fidalgo Patricia
Published: June 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has brought about an unprecedented reliance on digital technologies in education, regardless of the pre-existing attitude of teachers. This study explores elementary school teachers’ perceptions about teaching mathematics through distance education. Using a quantitative approach, an online questionnaire was administered to primary teachers in the UAE during the spring semester of 2020-2021. The results show teachers’ readiness to adopt digital technology in teaching against increased workload. Difficulties emerged in optimizing student performance in online environments. While the institution supports digital integration, teachers prefer traditional in-person classroom instruction. Therefore, the research would inform some educational systems and curriculum planning worldwide on the best way to integrate digital technology within elementary mathematics education. The study aims to close the gap in mathematics education within a digital context to solve the emerging educational demands.
Technology integration in science classrooms: Empowering student teachers for improved physics teaching with simulations
Authors: Agyei Elizabeth Darko , Jita Loyiso C. , Jita Thuthukile
Published: June 2024

This study employed a descriptive case study design to examine the integration of technology in science education, focusing on the professional development of student teachers in Ghana. Using the technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) framework as a theoretical lens, the study aimed to address the gaps in existing teacher education programs. Through a technology integration training workshop, the progress of four student teachers in developing their competencies for integrating technology into the teaching of high school physics using simulations was tracked and examined. Drawing on a combination of quantitative (survey) and qualitative data (focus group discussions, semi-structured interviews, observations, and lesson artefacts) sources, findings revealed that the student teachers improved their teaching with technology, which was evident in their developed TPACK, improved content knowledge and developed competencies in the exploration of Physics Education Technology simulation environments. These outcomes suggest a transformative shift in student teacher's teaching approaches, transitioning from a teacher-centered paradigm to a learner-centered one, particularly within the context of simulation environments. Despite initial challenges associated with insufficient content knowledge, establishment of relationships among physics content, teaching strategies and the identified affordances of the simulation environment as well as the shift from traditional to learner-centered approach, the study underscores the pivotal role played by the professional training arrangement implemented for the research.
A decadal review of the role of communication-mobile technologies in promoting digital inclusion: Digital divide
Authors: Ishmuradova Izida I. , Chistyakov Alexey A. , Klebanov Lev R. , Sliusar Valentin V. , Sliusar Mariia V. , Devyatkin Genrikh S. , Drobysheva Nataliya N.
Published: June 2024

Advancements in communication-mobile technologies have transformed the digital landscape, creating new opportunities while also exposing disparities in access and usage. This phenomenon of unequal digital participation, often termed the “digital divide”, can exacerbate inequalities. Bridging this divide through innovative technological solutions and policy interventions is critical for empowerment. This study investigates the role communication-mobile technologies have played in promoting digital inclusion over the past decade through a systematic review of academic literature. Fourteen studies published between 2012 and 2023 were analyzed following a rigorous selection process. A conceptual framework was developed to examine the layers of the digital divide, variety of divides, intervention types, and tools used. The analysis reveals the multifaceted nature of the divide across geographical, socioeconomic, and demographic dimensions. Communication and access emerge as pivotal elements, with studies emphasizing approaches like leveraging libraries as community hubs. The importance of multi-tiered interventions, from grassroots to policy-level, is pronounced. Arts, libraries, training, and mobile platforms are identified as key tools. While the findings largely align with the topics highlighted in the preliminary sections, gaps exist concerning insufficiently addressed divides and groups. Expanding the discourse to incorporate these areas can enrich the conceptualization of communication technologies’ role in digital inclusion. This timely systematic review provides a foundation for continued interrogation of digital participation challenges facing diverse global populations.
Analyzing the newspapers’ coverage of sustainable development goals in UAE
Authors: Tahat Khalaf , Mansoori Ahmed , Tahat Dina , Qablan Ahmad , Haddad Ismat
Published: June 2024

This study examines how United Arab Emirates (UAE) national newspapers reported on sustainable development goals (SDGs) following the country’s announcement that it would host COP28 climate change summit in 2023. We analyzed the content of a systematic random sample of news articles published in leading Arabic and English language newspapers over a one-year period. Results indicate that sustainable development issues, particularly related to the environment and economy, were covered widely and mostly positively, and were framed in the context of achievements rather than challenges. We also observed significant differences in SDG reporting between the two newspapers selected for our study. Limitations of the study and suggestions for future research are discussed.
Desenvolvimento de módulos demonstrativos de recuperação de cerrado com três anos de implantação
Authors: Gonçalves Saulo Boldrini , De Oliveira Melo Neto José , De Oliveira Lima Silva Beatriz , Soares de Oliveira Mara Elisa , Alves Pinheiro Flávia , Soares Luiz Ana Paula , MACHADO IGOR ELOI
Published: June 2024

O presente trabalho objetivou avaliar a implantação de Módulos Demonstrativos de Recuperação (MDR) com espécies nativas do cerrado de uso múltiplos em áreas de reserva legal como tecnologias para o desenvolvimento sustentável. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na Fazenda Experimental da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, campus Gurupi. Os MDRs foram implantados, em fevereiro de 2020, em áreas de solos da classe Latossolos e Plintossolos. Cada MDR possuía 1 hectare com espécies de potencial madeireiro e não madeireiro no espaçamento 2x2. O experimento estava com idade de três anos de implantação e possuía 19 espécies por MDR. As espécies foram avaliadas em diâmetro a altura do peito (DAP) e altura total, sendo realizadas duas medições em intervalos de 6 meses, ao final da estação chuvosa (março) e final da estiagem (setembro). Guazuma ulmifolia e Cecropia pachystachya foram as espécies do MDR1 que apresentaram os melhores resultados de crescimento em altura 6,58 e 5,8 m, respectivamente. Já no MDR 2, Sclerolobium paniculatum com 5,9 m. Tal resultado demonstra que essas espécies têm potencial para serem implantadas em solos de classe Latossolos e Plintossolos, em áreas de recuperação no bioma Cerrado.
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA DAN LINGKUNGAN SEKOLAH TERHADAP PRESTASI AKADEMIK SISWA DI INDONESIA: DATA PISA
Authors: Rokhim Hanif Nur , Dhewantoro Happri Novriza Setya , Suranto Suranto
Published: June 2024

The study of family environment and school environment in relation to academic achievement is a topic that is often discussed. The quantitative research method in this study is secondary data analysis using data from the 2018 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA). This research was conducted in Indonesia with 8,268 respondents who filled out the questionnaire.  The results of this study indicate that: (1) Family environment has a positive influence on student academic achievement. (2) Family environment has a positive influence on student academic achievement (3) Family environment and school environment together have a positive influence on student academic achievement. These findings explain that the family environment and school environment are important factors in shaping student academic achievement in Indonesia.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Android “Si-Inka” Berbasis Etnomatematika untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pemahaman Matematis Materi Bangun Ruang Sisi Datar
Authors: Kumawati Siti , Rahmawati Fadhilah , 'Adna Syita Fatih
Published: June 2024

Penelitian ini menyelesaikan permasalahan dalam pembelajaran matematika, dimana banyak peserta didik menghindari mata pelajaran ini karena dianggap sulit dan menakutkan. Analisis kebutuhan menunjukkan beberapa permasalahan, seperti kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal bangun ruang sisi datar, kecenderungan peserta didik menghafal tanpa pemahaman konsep, kemampuan pemahaman matematis yang rendah, dan kurangnya pembelajaran matematika yang diakulturasi dengan budaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif android “Si-Inka” berbasis etnomatematika untuk meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis. Metode pengembangan yang digunakan adalah ADDIE, dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 31 peserta didik kelas VIII A dan C. Hasil validasi dan uji kepraktisan menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi android “Si-Inka” dinyatakan valid dan praktis. Uji efektivitas dengan N-Gain menunjukkan Si-Inka efektif dalam penggunaannya dengan skor 0,6 pada kategori sedang. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran ini efektif meningkatkan kemampuan pemahaman matematis peserta didik pada materi bangun ruang sisi datar.
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematika pada Materi Bilangan Rasional Kelas VII SMP Kartika XII-1 Ditinjau dari Motivasi Belajar
Authors: Apriliana Martha , Nindita Anis
Published: June 2024

Literasi matematika sangat penting di dunia pendidikan, namun sangat disayangkan  prestasi  kemampuan tersebut kurang begitu membanggakan di kancah internasional. Indonesia berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan PISA( Programme for Internasional Student Assesment) sejak tahun 2000.  Berdasarkan hasil survai PISA pada tahun 2022 menempatkan Indonesia pada posisi 71 dari 79 negara. Dalam mengembangkan literasi matematika dibutuhkan motivasi belajar yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai bagaimana kemampuan literasi matematika ditinjau dari motivasi belajar dengan kategori rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 25 peserta didik kelas VII B SMP Kartika XII-1. Instrumen yang digunakan meliputi instrumen tes  literasi matematika yang terdiri dari 5 indikator dan non tes berupa angket motivasi belajar. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitaian menunjukan peserta didik dengan motivasi belajar rendah kurang memenuhi indikator kemampuan literasi matematika. Peserta didik dengan motivasi belajar sedang setidaknya menenuhi 5 indikator kemampuan literasi matematika. Peserta didik dengan motivasi belajar tinggi memenuhi semua indikator kemampuan literasi matematika. Hasil dari penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi kepada pendidik mengenai kemampuan literasi matematika peserta didik ditinjau dari motivasi belajar dengan kategori rendah, sedang, dan tinggi.Kata Kunci: Bilangan rasional, kemampuan literasi matematika, motivasi belajar
Pengaruh Media Trainer terhadap Hasil Belajar Praktek Instalasi Listrik Komersil Mahasiswa Pendidikan Teknik Elektro
Authors: Ricky Nelson Tampubolon  , Sukarman Purba  , Farhan Syahputra  , Meisias Veronika Br Sembiring
Published: June 2024

Electrical installation learning is the process of understanding how to install, maintain, and repair electrical systems. This includes an understanding of basic electrical principles, safety codes and standards, and best practices in the installation and maintenance of electrical equipment. This study aims to evaluate the effect of using media trainers in practical learning of commercial electrical. Installations on the learning outcomes of electrical engineering education students. The research method used was a quasi-experiment with a nonequivalent design. The samples for this research were two groups of students, each consisting of 10 people. One group received learning using trainer media, while the control group received conventional learning. Learning outcome data is collected through a final test which includes cognitive, affective and psychomotor aspects. The results of data analysis show that the use of media trainers significantly improves student learning outcomes in all aspects measured compared to conventional learning. The implication of these findings is the importance of using technology in supporting practical learning in the context of electrical engineering education.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning Menggunakan Pendekatan Saintifik Untuk Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar IPA Peserta Didik Kelas V SDN 109/II Manggis Kabupaten Bungo
Authors: Aldino Aldino , Sabir Arisman , Murni Yanti Murni , Yanti Fitri , Pilitan Raja Bani
Published: June 2024

The learning process in the 2013 curriculum is carried out with students being the center of learning, so that students have a role to be able to be more active in the learning process. Natural Sciences (IPA) is learning content related to the process of searching for something systematically and in accordance with the results of discoveries. Science learning is not just about learning concepts, principles or mastery of knowledge in the form of facts, but in science it is known as the process of discovery. Based on the results of initial observations carried out at SDN 109/II Manggis Kab. Bungo on January 20 2022 obtained information related to the learning process in the science learning content in class V which was carried out at the school, which did not show that all students were actively involved in the learning process. The type of data used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) using qualitative and quantitative data. The subjects in this research were all students and teachers of class V at SDN 103/II Manggis, Bungo Regency, even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. Data collection using interviews is a data collection technique carried out to obtain in-depth information from sources. Based on the results of the research, it shows that through the application of the Discovery Learning model with a Scientific Approach, it has a good impact on increasing students' learning activeness in science content, as can be seen from the increase in students' learning activeness in science from pre-action, namely by 23.07% until at the end of cycle II it increased to 84 .61%. Increasing students' learning activity occurs periodically from cycle I to cycle II by applying the Discovery Learning model syntax, namely stimulation, problem statement (problem identification), data collection, data processing, verification (proof) and generalization (drawing conclusions) and the Scientific Approach with the elements of observing, asking, collecting information/trying, reasoning/associating and communicating.
Validation Of Electronic Module Based on Bounded Inquiry Laboratory on Excretion System
Authors: Nurfitasari Cici , Suzanti Fitra , Azhar Azhar
Published: June 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kelayakan dari e-modul berbasis model pembelajaran bounded inquiry laboratory pada sistem ekskresi manusia di SMP. E-modul yang dikembangkan dapat melatih siswa untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan secara mandiri melalui kemampuan menyelidiki secara ilmiah, dengan adanya kegiatan praktikum di laboratorium yang diawali dengan kegiatan pra-lab, sehingga e-modul dapat mengarahkan siswa untuk menemukan dan memahami konsep. Kelayakan dari e-modul didasarkan atas penilaian terhadap e-modul melalui uji validasi ahli materi, ahli pedagogi dan ahli media. Aspek penilaian dari e-modul terdiri dari aspek kelayakan isi, aspek bahasa, aspek pedagogi, aspek kegrafisan dan aspek pemahaman konsep. Hasil penelitian yang didapatkan adalah validasi ahli materi berada pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 96,6%, hasil validasi ahli pedagogi berada pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 91,2% dan validasi ahli media berada pada kategori sangat valid dengan persentase 83,1%. Secara keseluruhan dapat disimpulkan bahwa e-modul yang dikembangkan sangat valid dan layak untuk digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran.
Urgensi Bilingualisme dalam Kemampuan Literasi untuk Calon Guru Matematika: Sebuah Studi Literatur
Authors: Teresa Panjaitan Agnes
Published: June 2024

This research was conducted by analyzing various research articles on the urgency of bilingualism for prospective mathematics teachers. In this research, data collection is done by looking for articles that specifically discuss bilingualism in mathematics. There are 11 research articles from national and international journals. The results of the analysis of the article concluded that the ability of English mathematics (bilingualism) provides various benefits for prospective teachers. One of them is increased literacy skills due to various sources of learning using the English language. Another benefit is that motivation to welcome the future is rising. Students realize that English is an ability that can prepare 21st-century skills by preparing one of the communication skills in the learning process.
Pengaruh Latihan Speed Play Terhadap Nilai Hematokrit Dan Kardiorespirasi Atlet Basket
Authors: Arimbi Arimbi , Usman Arifuddin , Arfanda Poppy Elisano , Sarifin Sarifin , Wahid Wahyana Mujari
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of regular exercise with the speed play method in increasing cardiorespiratory capacity and blood hematocrit levels in Pinisi basketball athletes. The research method used was the one-group pre-posttest design experiment. The instruments used in this study were the Multistage Test (MFT) for cardiorespiratory and hct meter to measure blood hematocrit levels. The results of this study found that the percentage of blood hematocrit after the intervention of the speed play training method for the Pinisi basketball athletes was 44.94% higher than the average hematocrit level before being given the speed play training method for the Pinisi basketball athletes, which was 41.64%. There was a change with an average value of 3.3% in per 100 mg of blood, meanwhile the average cardiorespiratory capacity after the implementation of the speed play training program in Pinisi basketball athletes was 43.49 ml/kg/minute, which means an increase from the average capacity cardiorespiratory training before being given speed play training in phinisi basketball athletes of 40.95 ml/kg/minute experienced an average change of 2.54 ml/kg/minute.
Analysis of The Influence of Socioeconomic Situation and Educational Policy on The Improvement of Education Quality in Indonesia
Authors: Nuraeni Lenny , Asmarany Anugriaty Indah , Ichsan Ichsan , Kusnadi Iwan Henri , Subekti Sri
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research is to provide an understanding of the current state of education, with a focus on quality education, equity and equality. Information was obtained from respondents using surveys and questionnaires. The research results show that although public access to education has increased, there has been a decline in academic achievement, this shows the importance of quality in the formulation of education policies. Even though there are still disparities in the quality of education based on socio-economic background, there has been an increase in equal distribution of opportunities to obtain education. To ensure educational equality, it is suggested that it is necessary to increase literacy and expand access to information. The government must also ensure that every child has fair access to the best education, and requires a more comprehensive and long-term education policy.
Analisis Permasalahan Perubahan Kurikulum Pada Guru Kelas IV Di SD Negeri 106163 Bandar Kalippa
Authors: Ginting Demmina , Nababan Lasrumata Ida , Nurhayati Nurhayati , B. Pardede Romaito , Khairunnisa Khairunnisa
Published: June 2024

The curriculum often changes because the world continues to change and education must adapt to the times. The curriculum must be appropriate to the times and the context and characteristics of students. In facing curriculum changes, teachers experience difficulties in adapting to curriculum changes. This research aims to determine teachers' difficulties in adapting to curriculum changes. The research method used in this research is qualitative research. The data collection technique in the research that we conducted was using face-to-face questions and answers or directly to the subject, then the researcher asked questions by asking the research subject, namely a class IV teacher at SDN No. 106163 Bandar Klippa Percut Sei Tuan named Mrs. Atikah Riqka. , S.Pd. related to educational problems at the school. Teachers' difficulties in adapting technology when teachers have to redesign their learning plans and adapt their learning according to new provisions.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Melalui Model Pembelajaran Talking Stick pada Siswa Kelas VII SMP Negeri 3 Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2023/2024
Authors: Tania Lusi , Darmadi Darmadi , Djati Sri Sasmito
Published: June 2024

Through this research, we aim to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of implementing the Talking Stick Learning model on the learning outcomes of class VII students. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) using qualitative and quantitative analysis. Classroom Action Research is a research method carried out by teachers in the classroom as part of their role as educators. This research was carried out at SMPN 3 Madiun City, Mangunharjo District, Madiun City in class VII. The data collection technique in this research is through observation sheets and posttest test questions. This research uses Kurt Lewin's cycle model which is carried out in two cycles. The data analysis used is qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The qualitative analysis used is the Miles and Hubberman model which includes: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing/verification data. Based on the results of research regarding improving learning outcomes for class VII students using the Talking Stick Learning model at SMPN 3 Madiun, Kec. Mangunharjo can conclude that there has been an increase in learning outcomes obtained by elementary school students. This is proven by the results of the percentage of completeness scores in the pre-cycle of only 18.75%, where the percentage of completeness is because the teacher has not implemented the Talking Stick Learning model. Then, after the teacher implemented the model and media, there was an increase in learning outcomes, namely in cycle I with a completion percentage of 75.00%. And in cycle II there was an increase again with a percentage of 87.50%. From the results carried out, it is known that the Talking Stick Learning model has an impact on student learning outcomes at SMPN 3 Madiun.
Environmentally friendly rapid green synthesis of SeNPs using grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) leaves extract, and their antimicrobial potential
Authors: Baran Ayşe
Published: June 2024

The utilisation of plant biomass in the production of nanoparticles is gaining popularity because of its associated benefits. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are highly valuable due to their involvement in numerous biological functions. In this study, SeNPs were rapidly synthesized using the environmentally friendly and low-cost green synthesis approach using Citrus paradisi (Grapefruit) leaves extract. The synthesized SeNPs were characterized using TEM, AFM, DLS, UV-vis, XRD, and EDX data. The data revealed that SeNPs had a spherical and uniform shape, with an average size of 45 nm, a surface charge of -20.54 mV, and a peak absorbance wavelength of 326 nm. The inhibitory impact of SeNPs on harmful strains and cancer cells was investigated using the microdilution method. The development of bacteria was effectively inhibited at concentrations ranging from 4 to 16 μg /ml.
UNUSUAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE MICHAEL ADDUCT OF LEVOGLUCOSENONE AND CYCLOHEXANONE
Authors:   Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, FAIZULLINA L.KH.
Published: June 2024

Academician Genrikh Alexandrovich Tolstikov is a unique personality, a world-class scientist. During the years of his work as director of Institute of Organic Chemistry of the USC RAS (now the Ufa Institute of Chemistry of the Ufa Federal Research Center, Russian Academy of Sciences), new scientific directions were opened that are relevant and continue to this day. Research using sugars and anhydrous sugars, in particular, levoglucosane in the synthesis of prostaglandins and other bioactive structures, originates in the laboratory for the synthesis of low molecular weight bioregulators under the direction of prof. M.S. Miftakhov. After the creation of the laboratory for the synthesis of secondary metabolites (now the laboratory of pharmacophore cyclic systems) under the guidance of prof. Valeev F.A. Since the 90 s to the present, scientific research has been successfully conducted on the use of levoglucosenone and its derivatives in the synthesis of natural biologically active compounds and their analogues. Levoglucosenone attracted the attention of researches due to its availability and reactive, chiral structure. Its solubility in all organic solvents, and even in water, makes it a unique starting compound for organic synthesis. When describing the chemical behavior of levoglucosenone, it is important to note that many of its transformations proceed in a nontrivial manner and lead to unexpected products, which makes levoglucosenone an even more interesting object for study. Moreover, it turned out that the chemical transformations of its derivatives, in particular the Michael adducts of levoglucosenone and cycloalkanones, turned out to be even more unpredictable. This article is devoted to consideration of aspects of these transformations. Thus, it was found that two keto groups in the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclohexanone are not equivalent, the keto group of the carbohydrate fragment is more reactive. At the same time, when searching for the possibility of implementing intramolecular aldol condensation, it was unexpectedly found that the keto group of the carbohydrate fragment remains inert. Intramolecular carbocyclization could only be carried out in the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclododecanone. Based on the Michael adduct of levoglucosenone and cyclohexanone, a ten-membered lactone annelated with a carbohydrate fragment was synthesized. The problem of introducing substituents into the lactone cycle and modifying the carbohydrate part of the resulting lactone has been solved. On the basis of this adduct, an analog of the natural lactone, foracantholide, was synthesized. All results presented in the article include research conducted in our laboratory from 2014 to the present day.
A NEW APPROACH TO CALCULATING THE COLLISION OF AN ELECTRON WITH MOLECULES
Authors:   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akmullah Bashkir State Pedagogical University, AKHMETYANOV R.F. , SHIKHOVTSEVA E.S. ,   Institute of Molecule and Crystal Physics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the work is to study the mechanism of electron capture by a molecule with the formation of a negative ion. To solve this problem, methods of quantum chemistry are used or other model approaches are used by introducing a certain model interaction potential. The disadvantage of such methods is that for specific molecules we must introduce specific interaction potentials. In this work, we adhere to the standard Coulomb interaction and in a basis in which the kernel of the system of integral equations has a degenerate form.
Using linked Census data to categorise the population by ethnicity and enhance understanding of ethnic inequalities in health in Australia
Authors: Stanaway Fiona , Zhu Lin , McDonald Bree , Ravulo Jioji , Dickson MIchelle , Nassar Natasha , Yap Mei Ling , Jorm Louisa , Aitken Sarah , Kritharides Leonard , Wilson Andrew , Blyth Fiona M. , Schneider Carmen H , Khalatbari-Soltani Saman , Hsu Ben , Allen Liz
Published: June 2024

Ethnicity is not collected routinely in Australian health data but the proxy of ancestry is collected in the Census which is now linked to health data. We aimed to develop an approach to using ancestry data to examine health disparities by ethnicity. We established an expert and community panel to inform our work. We analysed 2016 Census data linked to death registrations for 2016-2021 in 20 million people and compared how different approaches to categorising ethnicity impacted on detection of mortality inequalities between groups. We developed the following approach: (1) Creation of an Anglo-Celtic ethnic group which included shifting those identifying as Australian or New Zealander only out of the Oceania group where they are currently grouped with Indigenous Peoples; (2) For those reporting two ancestries: prioritise ethnic minority over national identities (e.g. Australian) and for the remainder create multiethnic groups based on the combined ancestries; (3) First analyse data at the maximum level of granularity, but then collapse up granularity where no disparities are identified to simplify results and messaging. We demonstrated that these approaches improved identification of mortality inequalities in Māori and Pasifika. Inequalities were either hidden or underestimated when country of birth was used rather than ethnicity.
Effort-Based Decision-Making in Psychopathology: A transdiagnostic multilevel meta-analysis
Authors: Pillny Matthias , Renz Katharina Elisabeth , Lincoln Tania Marie , Lütje Fionn , Hay Alina , Fulford Daniel , Barch Deanna , Gold James , Kaiser Stefan
Published: June 2024

Effort-based decision making (EBDM) is fundamental to human motivation. This cognitive process weighs the effort required to obtain a reward against the magnitude of the reward and the probability of obtaining it. Research suggests both transdiagnostic and disorder-specific patterns of maladaptive EBDM in people with schizophrenia spectrum (SSD) or major depressive disorders (MDD). However, a meta-analytical comparison of EBDM between SSD, MDD and controls is lacking. This pre-registered meta-analysis (CRD42022344605) aimed to quantify EBDM in SSD and MDD compared to healthy controls and to disentangle transdiagnostic from disorder-specific pathomechanisms. PubMed, PsychInfo, Embase and Web of Science were systematically searched for studies investigating EBDM in people with either SSD or MDD compared to healthy controls. Fifty studies providing 71 effect sizes were included (NSZ = 1,776, NMDD = 886, NHC = 1,848). Multilevel meta-analyses revealed significantly less willingness to exert effort in the combined clinical groups than in controls (k = 71, SMD = -0.32, 95%CI[-.40;-.24]), with larger effects in SSD (k = 48, SMD = -0.37, 95%CI[-.46;-.28]) than in MDD (k = 23, SMD = -0.21, 95%CI[-.33;-.80]). Meta-regression models revealed maladaptive effort allocation across increasing reward and probability conditions with similar patterns across clinical groups, yet more pronounced in SSD than in MDD, which was associated with anhedonia and cognitive impairments in both groups. The findings suggest a transdiagnostic maladaptive allocation of effort to increasing reward and probability. Anhedonia and cognitive impairment may differ between SSD and MDD, potentially reflecting disorder-specific pathomechanisms and explaining the more pronounced EBDM deficits in SSD.
Women are awarded more team grants than solo grants and lead more gender-balanced teams than men
Authors: Kingsley Isabelle , Slavich Eve , Harvey-Smith Lisa , Johnston Emma L. , Williams Lisa A.
Published: June 2024

THIS PREPRINT HAS BEEN PUBLISHED IN THE JOURNAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC POLICY:https://doi.org/10.1093/scipol/scae064 We modelled patterns of collaboration, team gender composition, and funding amounts across awarded Australian government-funded competitive team research grants from 2000–2020. Among mid- and senior-career researchers, the percentage of grants awarded to women was higher for team grants than sole investigator grants compared to men at those levels. Teams led by women tended to have a greater percentage of women co-investigators than teams led by men, but this was below gender parity regardless of team leader gender. Funding amounts per grant did not differ by principal investigator gender and reached parity in 2020 across teams with both high and low representation of women. Since teams tend to be more gender-balanced when led by women, women’s grant leadership may be an important mechanism for shifting overall representation of women in research. We offer public policy measures to address gender equities in the research sector.
An Overview of Alternative Formats to the Likert Format: A Comment on Wilson et al. (2022).
Authors: Zhang Xijuan , Savalei Victoria
Published: June 2024

Wilson et al. (2022) compared the Likert response format to an alternative format, which they called the Guttman response format. Using a Rasch modelling approach, they found that the Guttman response format had better properties relative to the Likert response format. We agree with their analyses and conclusions. However, they have failed to mention many existing articles that have sought to overcome the disadvantages of the Likert format through the use of an alternative format. For example, the so-called ``Guttman response format'' is essentially the same as the Expanded format, which was proposed by Zhang and Savalei (2016) as a way to overcome the disadvantages of the Likert format. Similar alternative formats have been investigated since the 1960s. {In this short response article, we provide a review of several alternative formats, explaining in detail the key characteristics of all the alternative formats that are designed to overcome the problems of the Likert format.
CRITICALLY APPRAISING THE CASS REPORT: METHODOLOGICAL FLAWS AND UNSUPPORTED CLAIMS
Authors: Noone Chris , Southgate Alex , Ashman Alex , Quinn Éle , Comer David , Shrewsbury Duncan , Ashley Florence , Hartland Jo , Pashdag Joanna , Gilmore John , Kennedy Natacha , Woolley Thomas , Heath Rachel Ann , Goulding Ryan , Simpson Victoria , Kiely Ed , Coll Sibéal , White Margaret , Grijseels Dori , Ouafik Maxence Robert , McLamore Quinnehtukqut
Published: June 2024

The Cass Report aimed to provide recommendations for how services for gender diverse children and young people should be delivered in England. Our critical appraisal reveals significant methodological and conceptual flaws within the report and the research commissioned to inform the report, which included seven systematic reviews and both quantitative and qualitative primary research. Using the ROBIS tool, we identified a high risk of bias in each of the systematic reviews driven by unexplained protocol deviations, ambiguous eligibility criteria, inadequate study identification, and the failure to integrate consideration of these limitations into the conclusions derived from the evidence syntheses. We also identified potential sources of bias and unsubstantiated claims in the primary research that suggest a double standard in the quality of evidence produced for the Cass Report compared to quality appraisal in the systematic reviews. We discuss these issues in relation to how evidence regarding gender affirming care is framed, the wider political context, and the future for gender affirming care. To uphold evidence-based medicine, future gender-affirming care research must generate robust observational data, involve transgender communities, and prioritise patient-centred outcomes, ensuring validity, generalisability, and cultural relevance. The Cass Report’s recommendations, given its methodological flaws and misrepresentation of evidence, warrant critical scrutiny to ensure ethical and effective support for gender-diverse youth.
Learning Design Strategies for Optimizing User Behaviour Towards Automation: Architecting Quality Interactions from Concept to Prototype
Authors: Mbelekani Naomi Y.
Published: June 2024

Automated vehicles are equipped with systems for task operation and furnished with complex sensor-based systems for detecting and avoiding crashes. However, because technology is unruly and prone to error due to its low maturity level, the human is required to be an active member and collaborator in the operation of the vehicle. As a result, users are required to be constantly vigilant for instances where automation may fail and request to intervene. Yet, notably, some users have a tendency to perceive automation as a holy grail and partake in undesirable user behaviours linked to misuse, over trust, and even high-level complacency, etc. Consequently, industry faces safety criticalities, resulting in either low to high-level risk taking behaviours. Thus, focus should be on taming users’ knowledge to fit the level of automated driving, trucking, flying, farming systems’ capabilities and limitations by investing in exceptionally ergonomic-inspired strategies that promote desirable user behaviours, such as the intended use of automation and interaction with its human-machine interfaces (HMIs) over the sequence of time. As a result, N = 20 air and ground vehicle industry experts views on training to use and learning strategies for optimizing safety and risk-free human-automation interaction and use (HAI/U) were considered. The paper devises ergonomically enthused learning design strategies in support of deprogramming-risky behaviours and reprogramming-safe taking behaviours towards automation, by bearing in mind long-term effects.KeywordsAutomated vehicles Learning design strategies Long-term effects Safe and risk-free behaviour Automation-induced effects Experts views. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Innovative Training Network (ITN); SHAPE-IT; Grant number 860410
Generous acts have contrasting meanings in equal versus hierarchical social relationships
Authors: Chen Alicia M. , Saxe Rebecca
Published: June 2024

What expectations do acts of generosity create for future social interactions? In online behavioral experiments presenting human observers (N = 1159 English-speaking adults in the United States) with naturalistic vignettes, we find that knowing about the structure (equal or hierarchical) of an existing social relationship markedly reshapes people's expectations for sequences of generous acts. Notably, people do not always expect reciprocal generosity. In hierarchical relationships, people expect the opposite — that the same person will repeat the generous act, following a precedent. These expectations are governed by abstract rules, tailored to specific cultural scripts, affect how people feel about generous acts, and can be used to communicate the desired structure of relationships.
Open Text Box Analysis: A Pragmatic and Reflexive Guide
Authors: Dewitt Stephen Harrison , Liefgreen Alice , Adler Nine , Strittmatter Laura Elaine
Published: June 2024

This guide provides a philosophical framework and practical advice for gathering, analysing and reporting qualitative data obtained from open text boxes in survey-style studies. While many studies currently collect such data, they often either fail to report or analyse it, or they conduct unstructured analyses with limited detail, often mistakenly referring to it as ‘thematic analysis’. As we demonstrate, there are numerous degrees of freedom for researchers when analysing this type of data, necessitating a systematic process. The guide adopts a ‘mixed methods’ philosophy, integrating concepts such as reflexivity from qualitative research, while aligning with the typical scientific mindset. It begins by outlining the guide’s philosophy before offering advice on collecting high-quality data, developing a coding scheme, recruiting and collaborating with a second coder, and writing your report. Additionally, it provides a checklist for reviewers to evaluate the quality of a qualitative analysis. Throughout the guide, a running example is used to demonstrate the implementation of the provided advice, accompanied by extensive example materials in the online repository which can be used to practise the qualitative coding method.
No evidence for attentional prioritization in visual working memory through statistical learning
Authors: Jungerius Chris , van Ede Freek , Slagter Heleen A
Published: June 2024

It is well-established that learning grounded in statistical regularities in the world can implicitly bias selective attention when oriented externally to the contents of perception. However, it remains an open question whether statistical learning can similarly bias internally oriented selective attention within working memory. To answer this question, across multiple experiments, we tested participants’ performance on established visual working memory tasks in which the relevance of two items for an upcoming behavioral task was implicitly predicted by the combination of the two items held in working memory (Exp 1 and 2a-b), an implicit retro-cue (Exp 3), or implicit temporal cueing (Exp 4). Across experiments, we found no robust evidence that statistical learning can bias internal attentional prioritization of contents held in working memory. We interpret these findings from the perspective that internal and external attention involve qualitatively different information selection mechanisms, operating to solve different goals.
Balancing Automation: Evaluating the Impacts of Landborne and Airborne Automation in Industry
Authors: Mbelekani Naomi Y.
Published: June 2024

Automation technological innovations have become fundamental in humans’ lives and societal evolution. Thus, it is crucial to consider possible impacts, consequences and benefits as the future sees a greater use of it. Such as long-term effects, for example. Primarily, economic-based effects, where automation is said to create as many jobs as it destroys over time. Furthermore, ergonomic effects and human factors influence users’ behaviour towards automation, for example, trust, utilisation, and receptivity. Evidently, the paper intends to explore these topics, carefully considering vehicle automation-induced effects and automated vehicle (AV). In essence, the views provided in this paper are based on an industry-centred study, with twenty landborne and airborne automation experts. The aim is to constructively open discussions for further empirical assessments, and pursue knowledge on direct and indirect effects. Therefore, extending the knowledge gap beyond the simple replacement of humans by automation, but also the human experience and behaviour towards such systems. Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions; Innovative Training Network (ITN); SHAPE-IT; Grant number 860410