bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLOS One Submitted MS D-20-10016-COVID-19
Authors: Cypryanska Marzena , Nezlek John B.
Published: April 2020

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic (10-14 March, 2020) we conducted a survey (n = 1028) of a nationally representative sample (age, sex, and locale) in Poland. Respondents indicated how strong they thought the threat was to themselves, to Poland, and the world. They also described their emotional reactions to the pandemic, which we used to calculate three scores: Anxiety, Hopelessness, and Panic. Respondents also indicated how often they engaged in various coping behaviors and how much they supported different types of economic sacrifice. We used these responses to calculate measures that we labelled as Spread Prevention (e.g., social distancing), Self-preservation (food stockpiling), and Economic Sacrifice (e.g., fighting COVID-19 regardless of the cost). Multiple regression analyses found that threat to self was the most reliable predictor (positive) of affective reactions and of coping behaviors, and that Anxiety was the most reliable predictor (positive) of Spread prevention and Economic sacrifice. Panic predicted (positively) Self-preservation. A series of mediation analyses found that Anxiety mediated relationships between threat and coping behaviors, and that Panic mediated the relationship between threat and Self-preservation. In addition, we found that scores on all measures except Panic, increased following the announcement of the first COVID-19 related fatality in Poland, which occurred on the third (middle) day of the study. The mediational relationships we found did not vary as a function of whether the data were collected before or after this announcement. The present results suggest that affective responses to threat can serve an instrumental function by providing the motivation to engage in coping behaviors. Such a mechanism complements much research on stress that has focused on how coping mediates threat-emotion relationships.
PELAKSANAAN PEMBERDAYAAN PENYANDANG DISABILITAS OLEH DINAS SOSIAL KABUPATEN SUMBAWA BARAT
Authors: Sujastiawan Ade
Published: April 2020

Hak merupakan sesuatu yang sifatnya kodrati dan menjadi milik setiap manusia, tidak terkecuali penyandang disabilitas. pemenuhan hak penyandang disabilitas terakomodasi dalam bentuk program pemberdayaan. Di kabupaten Sumbawa Barat, pemberdayaan disabilitas merupakan salah satu fokus utama pembangunan serta terakomodasi dengan baik melalui regulasi. Tujuan dilaksanakan penelitian ini yaitu a) mengidentifikasi pemberdayaan disabilitas di Sumbawa Barat, b) model pemberdayaan yang dilakukan, dan c) faktor pendukung dan penghambat pemberdayaan. Untuk mencapai gambaran atas hal tersebut, maka digunakanlah metode penelitian deksriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa pemberdayaan disabilitas di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat berkutat pada pemberian bantuan jaminan sosial, alat bantu dengar dan kursi roda, serta kegiatan pelayanan kesehatan dan psikologis keliling. Faktor pendukung dan penghambat pemberdayaan disabilitas mengacu pada teori George Edwrds (1980) yag di ukur pada empat faktor, yaitu : Komunikasi, Sumber Daya, Disposisi (perilaku), dan Struktur Birokratik. Pemberdayaan disabilitas yang terakomodir melalui Perda nomor 3 tahun 2016 dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan partisipasi semua elemen untuk mewujudkan pemberdayaan disabilitas yang tepat sasaran dan bermanfaat. Melalui pengawalan pada proses pendataan penyandang disabilitas, pengawasan, dan evaluasi program pemberdayaan disabilitas. Adapun kesimpulan yang didapatkan bahwa pemberdayaan disabilitas di Kabupaten Sumbawa Barat berjalan dengan sangat efektif dan efisien, dari kajian empat faktor yang disebutkan pada paragraph diatas sudah sangat mendukung terlaksananya pemerdayaan. Kelemahan pemberdayaan disabilitas yang dilakukan oleh Dinas Sosial Sumbawa Barat adalah tidak adanya pemberdayaan yang sifatnya memberikan keterampilan untuk memunculkan kemandirian gerak penyandang disabilitas. Saran yang dapat penulis berikan adalah pertama, perlu dilakukan inovasi pemberdayaan disabilitas melakukan kegiatan pelatihan. Kedua, trauma center menjadi kebutuhan urgen bagi perbaikan kesehatan dan psikologis penyandang disabilitas.
Middle test sejarah Nahdiah
Authors: Nahdiah
Published: April 2020

Pendidikan yang memberikan pengetahuan yang mana dapat mengubah kehidupan manusia Dan perkembangan kehidupan manusia yang dimulai dari ditemukan Dan dipahaminya pengetahuan baru oleh masyarakat. Sejarah pendidikan telah dimulai Dari masa kemasa sebelum manusia mengenal Tulisan.pada pendidikan dalam pengertian paling sedehana merupakan proses transfer Budaya.
Konsep Dasar Supervisi Pendidikan, Ruang Lingkup Supervisi Pendidikan, Prinsip Supervisi Pendidikan dan Peranan Supervisi Pendidikan
Authors: Jeflin Hairunisa , Afriansyah Hade
Published: April 2020

This article discusses about the Basic Concepts of Educational Supervision, the Scope of Educational Supervision, the Principle of Educational Supervision and the Role of Educational Supervision
MAKALAH PJOK Fathi Najmi
Authors: Najmi Fathi
Published: April 2020

Pola hidup sehat mempunyai peranan yang penting untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kebugaran jasmani seseorang. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesehatan di dalam pola hidup sehat adalah makanan dan olahraga. Di samping makanan dan olahraga yang dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan adalah gaya hidup seseorang, misalnya suka merokok, minum minuman keras, dll. Untuk mendapatkan kebugaran jasmani yang baik perlu memahami pola hidup sehat, yaitu: (1) Makan yang cukup, baik kualitas maupun kuantitas, (2) Istirahat, supaya tubuh memiliki waktu untuk recovery (pemulihan), sehingga dapat melakukan aktivitas dengan nyaman, dan (3) Berolahraga, yaitu salah satu alternatif yang paling efektif untuk memperoleh kebugaran, sebab berolahraga bermanfaat untuk fisik, psikis, maupun sosial. Di samping itu untuk meningkatkan dan mempertahankan kebugaran jasmani perlu menghindari gaya hidup yang kurang baik, supaya tidak mempengaruhi kesehatan, sehingga tubuh selalu dalam keadaan sehat dan bugar.
“It ain’t what you say, it’s the way that you say it”: A study on how tone in symbolic- and realistic threat frames affects anti-immigration attitudes in the Netherlands
Authors: van Klingeren Marijn
Published: April 2020

Immigration has occupied a prominent spot on many European media agendas. Media are often considered a key player in attitude- formation and separation. Yet, much of their exact influence on people’s immigration attitudes in the real world remains unknown, as data often fall short. This study aims to tackle the role of two common news frames in immigration news –the cultural- and economic frame— as well as the tone applied within these frames in the attitude formation process regarding immigration. With the use of Eurobarometer survey data (14 waves between 2003 and 2009), contextual indicators from the Eurostat website, and manually coded print-news media data from the Netherlands, this study examines whether these frames contribute to people’s attitude change and polarization over the issue. The across-the-board results indicate that increased visibility of negative cultural frames increases anti-immigration attitudes, whereas positive cultural frames yield the opposite result. Economic frames hardly produce any effect, and neither one of the two framing effects is dependent upon people’s political position. Meaning there is no indication that either one of these frames adds to polarization over the issue.
11. SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: asifa putri , Afriansyah Hade
Published: April 2020

this article discusses about educational supervision. In its development, the supervisor of the education unit is more directed to owning and understanding even demanded to be able to practice what is contained in the ministerial regulation on oversight. One of the demands is about competence in understanding the methods and techniques in supervision. A supervisor is a professional person when carrying out their duties, he acts on the basis of scientific principles to improve the quality of education.The teacher is one component of educational resources requiring supervision services. The importance of educational supervision assistance to teachers is deeply rooted in people's lives. To carry out supervision requires strengths that can see sharply the problems in improving the quality of education, use sensitivity to understand it and not just use ordinary eye sight, because what it observes is not a concrete, visible problem, but requires mental sensitivity.
Coulomb's Law
Authors: Tahara Hiroki
Published: April 2020

電磁気学ノート1　Coulombの法則について
Defence Against Dark Artefacts: An Analysis of the Assumptions Underpinning Smart Home Cybersecurity Standards
Authors: Piasecki Stanislaw , Urquhart Lachlan , McAuley Derek
Published: April 2020

As part of the EPSRC Defence Against Dark Artefacts (DADA) project, this paper analysesthe assumptions underpinning a range of smart home cybersecurity standards. We use case studies (suchas the Mirai Botnet affair) and the criminological concept of ‘routine activity theory’ to situate our analysis.Our study shows that current cybersecurity standards mainly assume smart home environments areunderpinned by cloud architectures, which is a shortcoming. This paper argues that edge computingapproaches, such as those typified by the Databox system, are emerging and challenge the cloud focusedassumptions of these standards. In edge computing, data is stored at the edge of the network, locally on thedevice, which can have advantages for security, privacy and legal compliance, over cloud-basedapproaches. As a consequence, standards should start to reflect the increased interest in this trend to makethem more aspirational and show other data architectures are possible that can benefit designers andcitizens. We hope that our paper may influence researchers, policy makers and IoT stakeholders to worktowards the adoption of edge computing models, to better manage external cyber-criminality threats insmart homes. We also briefly discuss that standards currently do not account for the complex nature ofeveryday life in the home. In addition to technical aspects, the social and interactional complexities of thehome mean internal threats can emerge too.
Public Acceptance of Covid-19 Lockdown Scenarios
Authors: Gollwitzer Mario , Platzer Christine , Zwarg Clarissa , Göritz Anja S.
Published: April 2020

By mid-March 2020, most countries had implemented nationwide lockdown policies aimed at decelerating the spread of SARS-CoV-2. At that time, nobody knew how long these policies would have to remain in force and whether they would have to be extended, intensified, or made more flexible. The present study aimed to illuminate how the general public in Germany reacted to the prospect of increasing the length, the intensity, and/or the flexibility of distancing rules implied by different lockdown scenarios. Endorsement of and compliance with five specific lockdown scenarios were assessed in a large (N=14,433) German sample. Results showed that lockdown length affected respondents’ reactions much more strongly than intensity or flexibility. Additional analyses (i.e., mixture distribution modeling) showed that half of the respondents rejected any further extensions or intensifications, while 20% would endorse long-term strategies if necessary. We argue that policy-makers and political communicators should take the public’s endorsement of and compliance with such scenarios into account, as should simulations predicting the effects of different lockdown scenarios.
The role and relationship of mindreading and social attunement in HRI – position statements of interdisciplinary researchers. Workshop HRI'20
Authors: Wykowska Agnieszka , Pérez-Osorio Jairo , Kopp Stefan
Published: April 2020

This booklet is a collection of the position statements accepted for the HRI’20 conference workshop “Social Cognition for HRI: Exploring the relationship between mindreading and social attunement in human-robot interaction” (Wykowska, Perez-Osorio & Kopp, 2020). Unfortunately, due to the rapid unfolding of the novel coronavirus at the beginning of the present year, the conference and consequently our workshop, were canceled. On the light of these events, we decided to put together the positions statements accepted for the workshop. The contributions collected in these pages highlight the role of attribution of mental states to artificial agents in human-robot interaction, and precisely the quality and presence of social attunement mechanisms that are known to make human interaction smooth, efficient, and robust. These papers also accentuate the importance of the multidisciplinary approach to advance the understanding of the factors and the consequences of social interactions with artificial agents.
What Can We Perceive In Infant Vocalization?
Authors: Beyak Alanna , Cadieux Olivia , Cook Matthew T. , Cressman Carly , Jain Barbie , Joshi Jarod , Martin Spenser L , Mielniczek Michael , Montazeri Sara , Sawatzky Jolyn , Smith Bradley , Spear Jackie , Perera Essence , Thompson Thomas , Trudel Derek , Zeng Jianjie , Soderstrom Melanie
Published: April 2020

Infant language development includes a complex social dynamic between adults and infants. Infant vocalization is a well-studied area of development, however adult perception of infant vocalization is less well-understood. The effectiveness of identifications made by adults may impact the social feedback loops that drive development. We collected data from a final sample of 460 undergraduate students who listened to brief (100-500) ms audio clips of infant vocalization. Participants were asked to identify infants in the audio clips as male/female, English/non-English, and their approximate age. Participants were unable to determine the sex of the infant better than chance but showed better than chance performance for language and age, albeit with low accuracy. Exploratory follow-up analyses did not reveal an effect of caregiving experience, childcare experience, or participant gender on a participants’ ability to correctly identify the infant’s age or language. These findings suggest that adult caregivers, regardless of experience, are able to perceive elements of infant vocalizations that may influence responsiveness to infant vocal development. However, performance is far from perfect.
Space in hand and mind: Gesture and spatial frames of reference in bilingual Mexico
Authors: Marghetis Tyler , McComsey Melanie , Cooperrider Kensy
Published: April 2020

Speakers of many languages prefer allocentric frames of reference (FoR) when talking about small-scale space, using words like ‘east’ or ‘downhill.’ Ethnographic work has suggested that this preference is also reflected in how such speakers gesture. Here, we investigate this possibility with a field experiment in Juchitán, Mexico. In Juchitán, a preferentially allocentric language (Isthmus Zapotec) co-exists with a preferentially egocentric one (Spanish). Using a novel task, we elicited spontaneous co-speech gestures about small-scale motion events (e.g., toppling blocks) in Zapotec-dominant speakers and in balanced Zapotec-Spanish bilinguals. Consistent with prior claims, speakers’ spontaneous gestures reliably reflected either an egocentric or allocentric FoR. The use of the egocentric FoR was predicted—not by speakers’ dominant language or the language they used in the task—but by mastery of words for ‘right’ and ‘left,’ as well as by properties of the event they were describing. Additionally, use of the egocentric FoR in gesture predicted its use in a separate non-linguistic memory task, suggesting a cohesive cognitive style. Our results show that the use of spatial FoRs in gesture is pervasive, systematic, and shaped by several factors. Spatial gestures, like other forms of spatial conceptualization, are thus best understood within broader ecologies of communication and cognition.
The Impact of Criteria-based and Data-driven Sampling Approaches on the Heterogeneity and Interpretability of Posttraumatic Stress Symptom Networks
Authors: Papini Santiago , Rubin Mikael , Telch Michael J , Smits Jasper A. J.
Published: April 2020

Background. The application of psychopathological symptom networks requires reconciliation of the observed cross-sample heterogeneity. We leveraged the largest sample to be used in a PTSD network analysis (N = 28,594) to examine the impact of criteria-based and data-driven sampling approaches on the heterogeneity and interpretability of networks.Methods. Severity and diagnostic criteria identified four overlapping subsamples and cluster analysis identified three distinct data-derived profiles. Networks estimated on each subsample were compared to a respective benchmark network at the symptom-relation level by calculating sensitivity, specificity, correlation, and density of the edges. Negative edges were assessed for Berkson’s bias, a source of error that can be induced by threshold samples on severity.Results. Criteria-based networks showed reduced sensitivity, specificity, and density but edges remained highly correlated and a meaningfully higher proportion of negative edges was not observed relative to the benchmark network of all cases. Among the data-derived profile networks, the Low Severity network had the highest proportion of negative edges not present in the benchmark network of symptomatic cases. The High Severity profile also showed a higher proportion of negative edges, whereas the Medium Severity profile did not. Conclusion. Although networks showed differences, Berkson’s bias did not appear to be a meaningful source of systematic error. These results can guide expectations about the generalizability of symptom networks across samples that vary in their ranges of severity. Future work should continue to explore whether network heterogeneity is reflective of meaningful and interpretable differences in the symptom relations from which they are composed.
Modeling latent topics in social media using Dynamic Exploratory Graph Analysis: The case of the right-wing and left-wing trolls in the 2016 US elections
Authors: Golino Hudson , Christensen Alexander P. , Moulder Robert Glenn , Kim Seohyun , Boker Steven M.
Published: April 2020

The past few years were marked by increased online offensive strategies perpetrated by state and non-state actors to promote their political agenda, sow discord and question the legitimacy of democratic institutions in the US and Western Europe. In 2016 the US congress identified a list of Russian state-sponsored Twitter accounts that were used to try to divide voters on a wide range of issues. Previous research used Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) to estimate latent topics in data extracted from these accounts. Howerver, LDA is has characteristics that may pose significant limitations to be used in data from social media: the number of latent topics must be specified by the user, interpretability can be difficult to achieve, and it doesn’t model short-term temporal dynamics. In the current paper we propose a new method to estimate latent topics in texts from social media termed Dynamic Exploratory Graph Analysis (DynEGA). We compare DynEGA and LDA in a Monte-Carlo simulation in terms of their capacity to estimate the number of simulated latent topics. Finally, we apply the DynEGA method to a large dataset with Twitter posts from state-sponsored right- and left-wing trolls during the 2016 US presidential election. The results show that DynEGA is substantially more accurate to estimate the number of simulated topics than several different LDA algorithms. Our empirical example shows that DynEGA revealed topics that were pertinent to several consequential events in the election cycle, demonstrating the coordinated effort of trolls capitalizing on current events in the U.S. This demonstrates the potential power of our approach for revealing temporally relevant information from qualitative text data.
Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms of psychopathology in youth: A cross-lagged panel network analysis in the ABCD study
Authors: Funkhouser Carter J. , Chacko Anjali , Correa Kelly , Kaiser Ariela , Shankman Stewart
Published: April 2020

Background: The network theory suggests that psychopathology may reflect causal relationships between individual symptoms. Several studies have examined cross-sectional relationships between individual symptoms in youth. However, these studies cannot address the directionality of the temporal relationships hypothesized by the network theory. Therefore, we estimated the longitudinal relationships between individual internalizing, externalizing, and attention symptoms in youth. Methods: Data from 4,093 youth participants in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study were used. Symptoms were assessed using the Brief Problem Monitor, which was administered at three time points spaced six months apart. Unique longitudinal relationships between symptoms at T1 and T2 were estimated using cross-lagged panel network modeling. Network replicability was assessed by comparing this network to an identically estimated replication network of symptoms at T2 predicting symptoms at T3. Results: After controlling for all other symptoms and demographic covariates, depressed mood, inattention, and worry at T1 were most predictive of other symptoms at T2. In contrast, threats of violence and destructiveness at T2 were most prospectively predicted by other symptoms at T1. The reciprocal associations between depressed mood and worthlessness were among the strongest bivariate relationships in the network. Comparisons between the original network and the replication network (correlation between edge lists = .61; individual edge replicability = 64-84%) suggested moderate replicability. Conclusions: Although causal inferences are precluded by the observational design and methodological considerations, these findings demonstrate the directionality of relationships between individual symptoms in youth and highlight depressed mood, inattention, and worry as potential influencers of other symptoms.
Who can be fooled? Modeling facial impressions of gullibility
Authors: Jaeger Bastian , Meral Erdem Ozan
Published: April 2020

The success of acts of deceit and exploitation depends on how trusting and naïve (i.e., gullible) targets are. In three preregistered studies, using both theory-driven and data-driven approaches, we examine how people form impressions of gullibility based on targets’ facial appearance. We find significant consensus in gullibility impressions, suggesting that people have a somewhat shared representation of what a gullible person looks like (Study 1, n = 294). Gullibility impressions are based on different cues than trustworthiness or dominance impressions, suggesting that they constitute dissociable facial stereotypes (Study 2, n = 403). Examining a wide range of facial features, we find that gullibility impressions are primarily based on resemblance to an angry facial expression. We also find that young, female, and smiling individuals are seen as more gullible (Study 3, n = 209). These findings suggest that gullibility impressions are based on cues linked to low levels of perceived threat.
A bioweapon or a hoax? The link between distinct conspiracy beliefs about the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak and pandemic behavior
Authors: Imhoff Roland , Lamberty Pia
Published: April 2020

Exploring the association of distinct conspiracy beliefs (COVID-19 is a hoax; SARS-Cov-2 was human-made) with pandemic-related behavior.
Beliefs about COVID-19 in Canada, the U.K., and the U.S.A.: A novel test of political polarization and motivated reasoning
Authors: Pennycook Gordon , McPhetres Jonathon , Bago Bence , Rand David Gertler
Published: April 2020

What are the psychological consequences of the increasingly politicized nature of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States relative to similar Western countries? In a two-wave study completed early (March) and later (December) in the pandemic, we found that polarization was greater in the U.S. (N=1,339) than in Canada (N=644) and the U.K. (N=1,283). Political conservatism in the U.S. was strongly associated with engaging in weaker mitigation behaviors, lower COVID-19 risk perceptions, greater misperceptions, and stronger vaccination hesitancy. Although there was some evidence that cognitive sophistication was associated with increased polarization in the U.S. in December (but not March), cognitive sophistication was nonetheless consistently negatively correlated with misperceptions and vaccination hesitancy across time, countries, and party lines. Furthermore, COVID-19 skepticism in the U.S. was strongly correlated with distrust in liberal-leaning mainstream news outlets and trust in conservative-leaning news outlets, suggesting that polarization may be driven by differences in information environments.
Estruturação de uma base de dados sobre a COVID-19 no estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil
Authors: Gass Sidnei Luís Bohn , da Silva Dieison Morozoli
Published: April 2020

O projeto SIGPampa, iniciado em 2017, vem desenvolvendo diversas atividades vinculadas ao uso das geotecnologias, em especial, àquelas baseadas em plataformas livres, como pode ser verificado no site do projeto em https://sites.unipampa.edu.br/sigpampa/ O presente material tem o objetivo de apresentar a estruturação de uma base de dados referente a COVID-19, principalmente no que se refere a sua evolução no Rio Grande do Sul. O enfoque principal está baseado em duas linhas distintas de trabalho: a primeira, tomando por base todo o território do Rio Grande do Sul e, a segunda, com ênfase aos municípios com Campi da UNIPAMPA, para subsidiar pesquisas e atividades acadêmicas presentes e futuras. O acesso aos materiais e informações produzidas estão disponíveis no endereço https://sites.unipampa.edu.br/sigpampa/covid-19/. Caso queira contribuir com alguma sugestão para este material, a equipe do projeto está à disposição.
Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Roḥmān ibn Abī Bakr al-Suyūṭī
Authors: Setiawan Adib Rifqi
Published: April 2020

This memorial article was wrote in memory of one of my loved one, Jalāl al-Dīn ‘Abd al-Roḥmān ibn Abī Bakr al-Suyūṭī, born on Sunday, 1 Rojab 849 AH / 3 October 1445 CE and passed away on 19 Jumāda al-Ūlā 911 AH / 18 October 1505 CE.
The Despotic State? : The Nature and Role of 18th Century Mughal Administration in the Great Divergence
Authors: Bhattacharya Sagnik
Published: April 2020

Why Europe grew rich and ‘Asia’ became poor is the substance for the fiercely contested ‘Great Divergence’ debate where the prevailing Eurocentric view posits that European exceptionalism was responsible for the former’s success. The essence of the picture painted in the arguments against ‘oriental states’ is a despotic and extractive one that hinders commercial activities. This paper tries to address this debate through looking at the nature and role of Mughal the administrative machinery and challenge image of despotic hegemony. In order to address the issue of commensurability of sources, the present author has only used European accounts and correspondences produced by the English East India Company and the Dutch VOC. The paper argues that the Eurocentric perspective essentially paints an ahistorical picture of the Mughal state by investigating European responses to the deaths of important Mughal emperors (Jahangir, Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb) and the economic consequences following it. Additionally, this paper also provides evidence of a strong role of bankers in the internal commercial system further undermining the image of the extractive state and supporting the ‘Great Firm theory’ of Karen Leonard. In conclusion, it is argued that the European-exceptionalism theory is fundamentally based on an orientalist imagination of South Asia and essentially suffers from the pitfalls of the ‘historiography of decline’ that plague the history of other ‘Asian’ empires such as the Qing and the Ottomans. Eighteenth century South Asia shows considerable similarities with early modern Europe and its commercial viability and agility does not appear to be dependent on the central government or the abilities of the emperor.
Ain’t No Way Around It: Why We Need to Be Clear About What We Mean by “Digital Humanities”
Authors: Piotrowski Michael
Published: April 2020

Digital humanities (DH) has gained the dubious reputation of struggling to define itself. Articles trying to define DH have become something of a genre—however, more often than not the conclusions boil down to “DH is undefinable” or even “DH must not be defined.” A question that is rarely addressed, though, is *why* DH is supposedly undefinable. In this paper we argue that this is not because it would be, for example, particularly difficult to come up with a definition or because unlike most other fields, DH would not benefit from delimiting its domain, but rather because the majority of researchers that self-identify as “DH scholars” are actively opposing a definition. This is due to the fact that they understand DH as “contemporary humanities,” i.e., humanities using contemporary tools, not a new discipline. While legitimate, this view is irreconcilable with the understanding of DH as the development and application of a new—computational—methodology in the humanities. We therefore come to the conclusion that there is ultimately no way around clearly delimiting these two opposing views; we propose to use the term “computational humanities” to refer to the latter field, and we present a concise definition.
Antidepressant medication use and objectively measured physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults: a cross-sectional analysis of a nationally representative sample of Canadian adults.
Authors: St-Amour Samuel , Hains-Monfette Gabriel , Dancause Kelsey Needham , Cailhol Lionel , Bernard Paquito
Published: April 2020

Background: Antidepressant medication is one of the most prescribed medications among Canadians. This medication class has been previously associated with adverse effects. To date, far too little attention has been paid to physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors (SB) in adults using antidepressant medication. The study aims to compare objectively measured time in PA and SB behaviors in a population-based sample of adults using antidepressant medication compared to a group of adults not using any psychotropic medication, and to investigate whether these behaviors differ according to four antidepressant classes. Methods: We used representative data from the Canadian Health Measures Survey (2007–2013). Medication use was documented during an in-house visit. PA and SB were measured by accelerometer. We included 7680 participants aged 18 to 79 years. A set of weighted analyses of covariance with adjustments for sex, age, body-mass index, income, education level, season, smoking and marital status was conducted to compare mean differences in PA and SB variables between adults using antidepressants and controls. Results: The cross-sectional weighted prevalence of antidepressant use was 9.3%. Adults using antidepressants completed significantly fewer minutes of moderate to vigorous PA and steps daily compared to adults without psychotropic medication. Daily time spent in light PA and SB were not significantly different between both groups. Sensitivity analyses controlling for self-reported mental and physical health showed no significant difference except smaller time spent in moderate to vigorous PA in adults using SSRI antidepressants than control. Conclusion: Due to host of negative side effects associated with antidepressant usage and the present findings demonstrating lower levels of MVPA in those taking SSRIs, care providers should promote physical activity when prescribing this class of antidepressants.
The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution on Student Mobility from the Perspective of Education Economics
Authors: Azra Ḥafṣa Azalea
Published: April 2020

This paper is to explore the challenges the student mobility will face under the fourth industrial revolution from the perspective of education economics. The Fourth Industrial Revolution affects not only economic activities such as production, sales, and consumption, but it also has an impact on education. Few previous studies, however, have explored the influence on international student mobility in the higher education sector. How does the Fourth Industrial Revolution change the cost-utility structure of studying abroad? What challenges do higher education institutions face? This paper analyzes the impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution by employing an economic theoretic model. Some of the socio-economic changes caused by the Fourth Industrial Revolution, such as an increased global knowledge stock, increase demand for study abroad, while others including knowledge that rapidly becomes obsolete and the relatively high costs of studying abroad, reduce it. Higher education institutions not only face risks but also have opportunities in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. The key to their success is in providing more opportunities to develop the non-cognitive skills necessary for jobs that machines cannot do.
Education Needs of Internally Displaced Children in Afghanistan: A Needs Assessment Survey
Authors: Zara
Published: April 2020

There is consensus that 40 years of war created an illiteracy gap in the education of children and parents in Afghanistan. Education was not considered to be amongst the primary need of the population particularly amongst those who have been displaced from their home due to security reasons and living in extremely harsh conditions in and around major cities of Afghanistan. It is obvious that this gap will have a subsequent negative effect on the future Afghan generations. There are also concerns that the parents of the children in these internally displaced refugees may be opposed to the education of their children and may not be open to receiving knowledge through technological advances. Therefore, the objective of this study was to survey Afghan parents and children in internally displaced camps with the following specific aims: to assess the needs for schooling in these camps; the willingness of parents to allow their children to go to school; the willingness of children to attend the schools; the level of support for education of children from the Government of Afghanistan Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and to determine how familiar internally displaced Afghan children are with digital technology and how open they are to accept delivery of knowledge by electronic advances. A questionnaire was designed and distributed amongst 160 parents and 160 children in 10 internally displaced comps in and around the city of Kabul in Afghanistan. Results of the survey show that the Government of Afghanistan does not provide education for these children directly, however, they are very supportive of NGOs to provide this type of support. The survey also shows that the number of NGOs activities in this field is very limited and inconsistent. Results also demonstrated that 99% of the parents and children in these internally displaced camps are pro-education and they pledged their unconditional support to any schooling initiative that would take place in these camps. The majority of children are not familiar with digital technology but are very curious to receive education through digital technology. It is concluded that internally displaced children in Afghanistan are ready and looking forward to going to school and there is an urgent and immediate need to support these children in order to fill in the education gap and prevent the social consequences related to this gap.
Study and Practice on Distinctive Characteristics of Mechanical and Electrical Equipment Maintenance and Management Major in Guangzhou Railway Polytechnic
Authors: Azra Ḥafṣa Azalea
Published: April 2020

The construction of specialty characteristics shall start from the overall characteristics of the school, take the specialty group as the perspective, find the characteristic construction direction in the whole industrial chain, and improve the connotation of specialty. To promote the development of the specialty of mechanical and electrical equipment maintenance and management in domestic polytechnics, taking the construction process of this specialty in Guangzhou Railway polytechnic as an example, it was discussed on why and how to carry out the construction of major characteristics with the main line of the equipment maintenance of rail transit stations and train vehicle repair plants. Aspects were discussed including the establishment of curriculum system, the construction of specialty teachers’ team, the construction of teaching software and hardware resources and the monitoring of teaching quality. The results can be used for reference in the construction of similar specialties in China.
The teaching of English vocabulary through pictorial reading texts and games to a group of primary school students in East Jakarta
Authors: Da Silva Anna Marietta
Published: April 2020

This community service is a free English tutorial for a group of primary schools’ students aged ten years old residing in Duren Sawit, East Jakarta and its surroundings. The program is part of a bigger tutorial program called Bimbingan Belajar Mita (Bimbel Mita) conducted by a non-profit organization that was initiated by the Maria Clarist congregation sisters around eight years ago. The participants of the six-month program were ten students. The method of the community service was teaching the basic English vocabulary through pictorial short English texts and vocabulary games. The former technique was used for the first half of the semester and the latter for the second half of the period. During the tutorial, the students have acquired a number of the targeted English nouns related to objects in the house, garden, animals, colors, professions, fruits, vegetables; verbs related to daily activities at home and adjectives related to descriptions of objects and human beings and some adverbs. In learning the English vocabulary, they show more enthusiasm for games rather than the pictorial reading texts.
Pemberdayaan ibu-ibu Desa Manukan Bojonegoro dalam mengembangkan Batik Jonegoroan sebagai rintisan industri kreatif
Authors: Ngatini Ngatini , Putri Maulin Masyito , Ibrahim Muhammad Faisal , Bariyah Taufiqotul , Mardhiyyah Yunita Siti
Published: April 2020

Manukan adalah salah satu desa di Kabupaten Bojonegoro yang terletak di Kecamatan Gayam, Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur. Minimnya penghasilan keluarga dari profesi petani menuntut masyarakat untuk lebih kreatif dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga. Bojonegoro memiliki potensi batik Jonegoroan yang menarik dan banyak diminati. Namun, tidak banyak masyarakat Bojonegoro yang memiliki pengetahuan dan ketrampilan membatik. Sehingga, perlu dilakukan pemberdayaan Ibu-ibu dalam mengembangkan industri kreatif Batik Jonegoroan. Pemberdayaan ini dilakukan melalui empat tahapan, yaitu sosialisasi Batik Jonegoroan, pelatihan cara membatik, pelatihan pengembangan industri kreatif batik dan pemasaran hasil batik. Dalam pelatihan ini, peserta dilatih untuk memahami dan mempraktikkan proses membatik dengan empat teknis pewarnaan dan perbedaan antara batik cap dan batik tulis. Teknis pewarnaan yang dipelajari meliputi teknik coletan, semok, kelengan dan laseman. Hasil pelatihan berupa kain batik Jonegoroan dipamerkan dan dijual secara online di marketplace dan media sosial, sedangkan secara offline di bazar dan pameran batik. Pengetahuan dan ketrampilan ini dapat dijadikan bekal untuk membuka peluang usaha pengrajin batik oleh ibu-ibu desa Manukan sebagai salah satu upaya meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga.
Perlindungan pohon induk jernang (Daemonorops spp.) di Mandiangin, Jambi
Authors: Asra Revis , Octavia Ade , Lisna Lisna
Published: April 2020

Rotan jernang termasuk salah satu produk unggulan Provinsi Jambi, disamping sawit dan karet, tidak seperti kebanyakan rotan dimana yang dimanfaatkan dari bagian batang, tetapi yang dimanfaatkan dari jernang adalah resin merah yang ditemukan pada buah. Jernang berpotensi untuk diintegrasi di kebun karet, sehingga merupakan solusi yang tepat untuk meningkatkan perekonomian petani karet di Desa Liam Lestari Kecamatan Mandiangin, Kabupaten Sarolangun, karena petani dapat memperoleh keuntungan ganda yaitu dari getah karet dan getah resin merahnya. Sulitnya mendapatkan biji tua sebagai sumber bibit merupakan kendala utama dalam budidaya jernang. Di Desa Liam Lestari ditemukan satu orang petani karet yang telah melakukan integrasi jernang namun buah jernangnya sering dicuri orang, sehingga tidak diperoleh biji tua untuk bibit. Kegiatan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat dengan skim Program Pengembangan Produk Unggulan Daerah (PPPUD) merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi kesulitan bibit di Mandiangin. Metode pengabdian yang digunakan yaitu Participatory Rural Apraisal (PRA). Kegiatan PPPUD melibatkan kelompok tani Jernang Lestari. Berdasarkan hasil pengabdian dengan melakukan perlindungan pohon induk melalui pemagaran dengan kayu bulian, dapat mengatasi masalah pencurian terhadap buah jernang.
Konsumsi dan tingkat subsistensi petani di Kampung Sei Berbari, Kecamatan Pusako, Kabupaten Siak Provinsi Riau
Authors: Mardiana Mardiana , Iyan Rita Yani , Zamaya Yelly
Published: April 2020

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis konsumsi dan tingkat subsistensi rumah tangga petani.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampung Sungai Berbari Kecamatan Pusako Kecamatan Siak Provinsi Riau.  Sampel diambil sebanyak 55 rumah tangga petani.  Sampel dikelompokkan kepada petani berlahan besar (> 2 hektar), berlahan sempit (< 2 hektar) dan penggarap (sebagian besar lahan yang dikelola milik orang lain).  Nilai tukar pendapatan petani dihitung dengan konsep nilai tukar subsisten (NTS).  Regresi liner berganda digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat subsistensi petani.  Hasil kajian mendapati konsumsi rumah tangga petani berbanding lurus dengan luas lahan yang dimiliki.  Konsumsi pangan petani penggarap termasuk kategori rentan atau rawan pangan dan petani penggarap belum sejahtera karena persentase pengeluaran untuk pangan lebih besar dibandingkan persentase pengeluaran non-pangan. Man land ratio dan dependency ratio berpengaruh positip dan signifikan terhadap subsistensi rumah tangga petani. Petani pemilik lahan sendiri memiliki tingkat subsistensi yang lebih rendah dibanding petani yang menggarap lahan pihak lain.This article aims to analyze the consumption and subsistence level of farm households. This research was conducted in Sungai Berbari Village, Pusako District, Siak District Province of Riau. Samples were taken as many as 55 farm households. Samples were grouped with large-scale farmers (> 2 hectares), narrow land (<2 hectares) and tenants (most of the land that was managed by others). Farmer income exchange rates are calculated using the concept of subsistence exchange rates (NTS). Multiple linear regression is used to determine the factors that influence the level of subsistence of farmers. The results of the study found that household consumption of farmers is directly proportional to the area of land owned. Food consumption of smallholder farmers is categorized as vulnerable or food insecure and smallholders are not prosperous because the percentage of food expenditure is greater than the percentage of non-food expenditure. Man land ratio and dependency ratio have positive and significant influence on subsistence of farm households. Farmers owning land have lower subsistence levels compared to farmers who work on other parties' land.
Kinerja belanja modal Provinsi Riau: Struktur rasio dan tren
Authors: Mustaqim Imam , Taryono Taryono
Published: April 2020

Kajian ini untuk menganalisis tren, struktur dan rasio belanja modal.  Objek kajian adalah atas belanja modal pemerintah Provinsi Riau tahun 2007 – 2017.  Metode analisis menggunakan rasio belanja modal terhadap total belanja, belanja modal per kapita dan rasio terhadap PDRB.  Belanja modal tahun 2007-2017 berfluktuasi meningkat.  Belanja modal terendah terjadi pada tahun 2014.  Alokasi belanja modal paling banyak untuk jalan, irigasi dan jaringan. Rasio belanja modal terhadap total belanja tertinggi pada tahun 2007 sebesar 40,48% dan terrendah terjadi pada 2014 sebesar 11,13%.  Pada tahun 2014 belanja modal per kapita hanya sebesar Rp. 0,10 juta rupiah, meningkat di tahun 2015 dan menurun pada tahun selanjutnya.  Rasio belanja modal terhadap PDRB mengalami trend yang menurun di setiap tahunnya pada tahun 2014 paling rendah sebesar 0,32% dan tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2015 sebesar 0,59%.This study is to analyze trends, structure and capital expenditure ratios. The object of study is the capital expenditure of the Riau Province government in 2007 - 2017.  The analysis method uses the ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure, capital expenditure per capita and ratio to GRDP.  Capital expenditure in 2007-2017 has fluctuated. The lowest capital expenditure occurred in 2014. The most capital expenditure allocation for roads, irrigation and networks. The highest ratio of capital expenditure to total expenditure in 2007 was 40.48% and the lowest occurred in 2014 of 11.13%. In 2014 capital expenditure per capita was only Rp. 0.10 million rupiah, an increase in 2015 and decrease in the following year. The ratio of capital expenditure to GRDP experienced a declining trend every year in 2014, the lowest of 0.32% and the highest occurred in 2015 of 0.59%.
Prolapse related knowledge and attitude among married women of reproductive age
Authors: Khanal Gayatri , Ghimire Prakash , Shrestha Niki , Koirala Subash
Published: April 2020

Background: Uterine Prolapse (UP) is a very common morbid condition in Nepal among women during reproductive health. Awareness on uterine prolapse can prevent huge number of UP cases. Thus, this study is designed to find out the knowledge and Attitude towards uterine prolapsed among married women of reproductive age (MWRA).

Methods: A community –based cross-sectional study was conducted in Daulichaur VDC of Ba­jhang district among 313 Married women of Reproductive age (15-49). Semi structure tool was used to collect the data. Data collection was done from March 2016 to April 2016. Data was col­lected through face to face interview by using interview schedule. Descriptive (frequency and percentage), (Chi-square, Pearson correlation) analysis were used for data analysis.

Results: This study revealed that almost three fourth (70%) of respondents had low level of knowl­edge and only 17.6% had positive attitude regarding uterine prolapse. The level of knowledge was associated with age, occupation status and educational status. The level of attitude was associ­ated with age, educational status and occupational status. There was significant positive relation­ship between level of knowledge and attitude (r= 0.363, p < 0.001).

Conclusions: MWRA of the Daulichaur VDC had low level of knowledge and Positive attitude re­garding uterine prolapse. The findings of this study suggest that there is an urgent need to educate and create awareness regarding UP to promote the health status of MWRA.