bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A novel 12 bp deletion within goat LHX4 gene significantly affected litter size
Authors: Yan Hailong , Zhang Fei , Wang Ke , Liu Jinwang , Zhu Haijing , Pan Chuanying , Qu Lei
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The LIM homeobox transcription factor 4 (LHX4) gene plays a critical role in regulating the development of the pituitary and the secretion of growth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL) associated with reproduction. Thus this gene may affect litter size. Herein, the aim of this study is to detect the novel insertion/deletion (indel) within the LHX4 gene as well as to test its association with litter size in 1149 Shaanbei white cashmere goats. Herein, a novel 12 bp indel (NC_030823.1:g.60001011_60001022delGGGGAGGAGGGG) was firstly found, which was located in the first intron. Meanwhile, three genotypes were detected in Shaanbei white cashmere goats, and the allelic frequencies of I and D were 0.593 and 0.407, respectively. Interestingly, the genotype distributions between mothers of single-lamb (n = 895) and multi-lamb (n = 254) groups within Shaanbei white cashmere goats were significantly different, implying that the 12 bp indel might affect the litter size. Furthermore, the association analysis was carried out to find out that the 12 bp indel was significantly associated with litter size in the analyzed goat population (P  <  0.05). The litter sizes of genotype DD and ID individuals were superior to those of genotype II (P  <  0.05). These findings suggest that this locus could be considered as a genetic marker for goat breeding, enriching the research category of functional genome of goats.
Thirteen years of observations on primary sugars and sugar alcohols over remote Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific
Authors: Verma Santosh Kumar , Kawamura Kimitaka , Chen Jing , Fu Pingqing
Published: January 2018

Abstract. In order to understand the atmospheric transport of bioaerosols, we conducted long-term observations of primary sugars and sugar alcohols over remote Chichijima Island in the western North Pacific from 2001 to 2013. Our results showed that concentrations of total sugar compounds for 13 years ranged from 1.2 to 310 ng m−3 (average of 46 ± 49 ng m−3). We found that atmospheric circulations significantly affect the seasonal variations of bioaerosol distributions over the western North Pacific. The primary sugars (glucose and fructose) maximized in summer, possibly due to an increased emission of the vegetation products from local vascular plants in Chichijima. We also found higher concentrations of sugar components (arabitol, mannitol, and trehalose) in more recent years during summer and autumn, suggesting an enhanced emission of fungal and microbial species over the island. Sucrose peaked in late winter to early spring, indicating a springtime pollen contribution by long-range atmospheric transport, while elevated concentrations of sucrose in early summer could be explained by long-range transport of soil dust from Southeast Asia to Chichijima. Sucrose and trehalose were found to present increasing trends from 2001 to 2013, while total sugar components did not show any clear trends during the 13-year period. Positive matrix factorization analyses suggested the locally emitted sugar compounds as well as long-range-transported airborne pollen grains, microbes, and fungal spores are the major contributors to total sugar compounds in the Chichijima aerosols. Backward air mass trajectories support the atmospheric transport of continental aerosols from the Asian continent during winter and spring over Chichijima.
Identification of Organic Hydroperoxides and Peroxy Acids Using Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization – Tandem Mass Spectrometry (APCI-MS/MS): Application to Secondary Organic Aerosol
Authors: Zhou Shouming , Rivera-Rios Jean C. , Keutsch Frank N. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Molecules with hydroperoxide functional groups are of extreme importance to both the atmospheric and biological chemistry fields. In this work, an analytical method is presented for the identification of organic hydroperoxides and peroxy acids (ROOH) by direct infusion of liquid samples into a positive-ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-tandem mass spectrometer ((+)-APCI-MS/MS). Under collisional dissociation conditions, a characteristic neutral loss of 51 Da (arising from loss of H2O2+NH3) from ammonium adducts of the molecular ions ([M+NH4]+) is observed for ROOH standards (i.e. cumene hydroperoxide, isoprene-4-hydroxy-3-hydroperoxide (ISOPOOH), tert-butyl hydroperoxide, 2-butanone peroxide and peracetic acid), as well as the ROOH formed from the reactions of H2O2 with aldehydes (i.e. acetaldehyde, hexanal, glyoxal and methylglyoxal). This new ROOH detection method was applied to methanol extracts of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) material generated from ozonolysis of α-pinene, indicating a number of ROOH molecules in the SOA material. While the full scan mass spectrum of SOA demonstrates the presence of monomers (m/z = 80–250), dimers (m/z = 250–450) and trimers (m/z = 450–600), the neutral loss scan shows that the ROOH products all have masses less than 300 Da, indicating that ROOH molecules may not contribute significantly to the SOA oligomeric content. We anticipate this method could also be applied to biological systems with considerable value.
A multi-method autonomous assessment of primary productivity and export efficiency in the springtime North Atlantic
Authors: Briggs Nathan , Guðmundsson Kristinn , Cetinić Ivona , D'Asaro Eric , Rehm Eric , Lee Craig , Perry Mary Jane
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Fixation of organic carbon by phytoplankton is the foundation of nearly all open-ocean ecosystems and a critical part of the global carbon cycle. But quantification and validation of ocean primary productivity at large scale remains a major challenge, due to limited coverage of ship-based measurements and the difficulty of validating diverse measurement techniques. Accurate primary productivity measurements from autonomous platforms would be highly desirable, due to much greater potential coverage. In pursuit of this goal we estimate gross primary productivity over two months in the springtime North Atlantic from an autonomous Lagrangian float using diel cycles of particulate organic carbon derived from optical beam attenuation. We test method precision and accuracy by comparison against entirely independent estimates from a locally parameterized model based on chlorophyll α and light measurements from the same float. During nutrient replete conditions (80 % of the study period), we obtain strong relative agreement between the independent methods across an order of magnitude of productivities (r2 = 0.97), with slight under-estimation by the diel cycles method (−19 ± 5 %). At the end of the diatom bloom, this relative difference increases to −58 % for a six-day period, likely a response to SiO4 limitation, which is not included in the model. In addition, we estimate gross oxygen productivity from O2 diel cycles and find strong correlation with diel cycles-based gross primary productivity over the entire deployment, providing further qualitative support to both methods. Finally, simultaneous estimates of net community productivity, carbon export and particle size suggest that bloom growth is halted by a combination of reduced productivity due to SiO4 limitation and increased export efficiency due to rapid aggregation. After the diatom bloom, high chlorophyll α normalized productivity indicates that low net growth during this period is due to increased heterotrophic respiration and not nutrient limitation. These findings represent a significant advance in the accuracy and completeness of upper ocean carbon cycle measurements from an autonomous platform.
Tree-, stand- and site-specific controls on landscape-scale patterns of transpiration
Authors: Hassler Sibylle Kathrin , Weiler Markus , Blume Theresa
Published: January 2018

Abstract. Transpiration is a key process in the hydrological cycle,
and a sound understanding and quantification of transpiration and its
spatial variability is essential for management decisions as well as for
improving the parameterisation and evaluation of hydrological and
soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models. For individual trees,
transpiration is commonly estimated by measuring sap flow. Besides
evaporative demand and water availability, tree-specific characteristics
such as species, size or social status control sap flow amounts of
individual trees. Within forest stands, properties such as species
composition, basal area or stand density additionally affect sap flow, for
example via competition mechanisms. Finally, sap flow patterns might also be
influenced by landscape-scale characteristics such as geology and soils,
slope position or aspect because they affect water and energy availability;
however, little is known about the dynamic interplay of these controls. We studied the relative importance of various tree-, stand- and
site-specific characteristics with multiple linear regression models to
explain the variability of sap velocity measurements in 61 beech and oak
trees, located at 24 sites across a 290 km2 catchment in
Luxembourg. For each of 132 consecutive days of the growing season of 2014
we modelled the daily sap velocity and derived sap flow patterns of these 61
trees, and we determined the importance of the different controls. Results indicate that a combination of mainly tree- and site-specific
factors controls sap velocity patterns in the landscape, namely tree
species, tree diameter, geology and aspect. For sap flow we included only
the stand- and site-specific predictors in the models to ensure variable
independence. Of those, geology and aspect were most important. Compared to
these predictors, spatial variability of atmospheric demand and soil
moisture explains only a small fraction of the variability in the daily
datasets. However, the temporal dynamics of the explanatory power of the
tree-specific characteristics, especially species, are correlated to the
temporal dynamics of potential evaporation. We conclude that transpiration
estimates on the landscape scale would benefit from not only consideration of
hydro-meteorological drivers, but also tree, stand and site characteristics
in order to improve the spatial and temporal representation of transpiration
for hydrological and soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer models.
OSSE for a sustainable marine observing network in the
Marmara Sea
Authors: Aydoğdu Ali , Hoar Timothy J. , Vukicevic Tomislava , Anderson Jeffrey L. , Pinardi Nadia , Karspeck Alicia , Hendricks Jonathan , Collins Nancy , Macchia Francesca , Özsoy Emin
Published: January 2018

Abstract. An observing system simulation experiment (OSSE) is presented in the Marmara Sea. A high resolution ocean circulation model (FESOM) and an ensemble data assimilation tool (DART) are coupled. The OSSE methodology is used to assess the possible impact of a ferrybox network in the eastern Marmara Sea. A reference experiment without assimilation is performed. Then, synthetic temperature and salinity observations are assimilated along the track of the ferries in the second experiment. The results suggest that a ferrybox network in the Marmara Sea may improve the forecasts significantly. The salinity and temperature errors get smaller in the upper layer of the water column. The impact of the assimilation is negligible in the lower layer due to the strong stratification. The circulation in the Marmara Sea, particularly the Bosphorus outflow, helps to propagate the error reduction towards the western basin where no assimilation is performed. Overall, the proposed ferrybox network can be a good start to design an optimal sustained marine observing network in the Marmara Sea for assimilation purposes.
The density–salinity relation of standard seawater
Authors: Schmidt Hannes , Seitz Steffen , Hassel Egon , Wolf Henning
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The determination of salinity by means of electrical conductivity relies on stable salt proportions in the North Atlantic Ocean, because standard seawater, which is required for salinometer calibration, is produced from water of the North Atlantic. To verify the long-term stability of the standard seawater composition, it was proposed to perform measurements of the standard seawater density. Since the density is sensitive to all salt components, a density measurement can detect any change in the composition. A conversion of the density values to salinity can be performed by means of a density–salinity relation. To use such a relation with a target uncertainty in salinity comparable to that in salinity obtained from conductivity measurements, a density measurement with an uncertainty of 2 g m−3 is mandatory. We present a new density–salinity relation based on such accurate density measurements. The substitution measurement method used is described and density corrections for uniform isotopic and chemical compositions are reported. The comparison of densities calculated using the new relation with those calculated using the present reference equations of state TEOS-10 suggests that the density accuracy of TEOS-10 (as well as that of EOS-80) has been overestimated, as the accuracy of some of its underlying density measurements had been overestimated. The new density–salinity relation may be used to verify the stable composition of standard seawater by means of routine density measurements.
Structure of the Central Sumatran Subduction Zone Revealed by Local Earthquake Travel Time Tomography Using Amphibious Data
Authors: Lange Dietrich , Tilmann Frederik , Henstock Tim , Rietbrock Andreas , Natawidjaja Danny , Kopp Heidrun
Published: January 2018

Abstract. The Sumatran subduction zone exhibits strong seismic and tsunamogenic potential with the prominent examples of the 2004, 2005 and 2007 earthquakes. Here, we invert travel time data of local earthquakes for vp and vp/vs velocity models of the central Sumatran forearc. Data were acquired by an amphibious seismometer network consisting of 52 land stations and 10 ocean bottom seismometers located on a segment of the Sumatran subduction zone that had not ruptured in a great earthquake since 1797 but witnessed recent ruptures to the north in 2005 (Nias earthquake, Mw = 8.7) and to the south in 2007 (Bengkulu earthquake, Mw = 8.5). 2D and 3D vp velocity anomalies reveal the downgoing slab and the sedimentary basins. Although the seismicity pattern in the study area appears to be strongly influenced by the obliquely subducting Investigator Fracture Zone to at least 200 km depth, the 3D velocity model shows prevailing trench parallel structures at depths of the plate interface. The tomographic model suggests a thinned crust below the basin east of the forearc islands (Nias, Pulau Batu, Siberut) at ~ 180 km distance to the trench. Vp velocities beneath the magmatic arc and the Sumatran fault zone SFZ are around 5 km/s at 10 km depth and the vp/vs ratios in the uppermost 10 km are low, indicating the presence of felsic lithologies typical for continental crust. We find moderately elevated vp/vs values of 1.85 at ~ 150 km distance to the trench in the region of the Mentawai fault. Vp/vs ratios suggest absence of large scale alteration of the mantle wedge and might explain why the seismogenic plate interface (observed as a locked zone from geodetic data) extends below the continental forearc Moho in Sumatra. Reduced vp velocities beneath the forearc basin covering the region between Mentawai Islands and the Sumatra mainland possibly reflect a reduced thickness of the overriding crust.
Forensic Accounting Education in the UAE
Authors: Bhavani M. Ganga , Mehta Anupam
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the current scenario of offerings and availability of forensic accounting education in universities in the UAE. This study is useful in gaining a complete understanding of available courses on forensic accounting at the graduate and postgraduate level, especially in accounting specialization. The results will help provide an insight into the direction of forensic accounting education in the UAE, where developing and improving forensic accounting education offerings has created serious buzz across the globe. Because of the increasing number of various corporate scandals all over the world, forensic accounting education has become the order of the day, and every accounting student needs to be trained in this field and every university has to offer it as part of the curriculum. The results of this study show that very few universities in the UAE offer and focus on this course as part of their curriculum in graduate and postgraduate levels. This study takes into consideration the current scenario of this course’s offerings among UAE universities, and the second outcome of this paper provides a comparison of course contents with the recommendations of the National Institute of Justice (NIJ) in the USA.
Integrating Simulation Scenarios and Clinical Practices Guided by Concepts of Translational Medicine
Authors: Yang Jing , Huang Si-min , Li Ze-jian , Feng Lie , Lu Chun-ting
Published: January 2018

Purpose: To develop a novel method for closely and effectively integrating simulation scenarios and clinical practices to improve clinical skills training in the concepts of translational medicine.Methods: Forty-two and 38 third-year medical students in the classes of 2010 and 2009 at Jinan University were selected as an observation group and a control group, respectively. The former group was taught according to a new, integrated mode, while the latter received traditional methods. Students' scores on practical tests in physical examination, internal punctures, and case analysis; theory-based exams on diagnostics and internal medicine; and questionnaire surveys were compared and analyzed. In addition, system-oriented curricula were explored and implemented.Results: A novel mode that closely and effectively integrates theory and practice in the observation group had been established although there were no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) between Grade 2010 and Grade 2009 in clinical basic skills training scores. However, there were statistically significant differences (P<0.05) in scores on practical tests of physical examination and internal punctures among the diagnostic, internal medicine and internship periods in the class of 2010 but no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in case analysis scores. Therefore, system-oriented curricula were initially designed and explored in excellent students from Grade 2010 to reinforce clinical thinking.Conclusion: The novel program integrating simulation scenarios and clinical situations for training students in diagnostics and internal medicine skills can improve medical students’ clinical comprehensive abilities and achieve effects that are similar to those of the traditional method. This program is more popular with students and ensures patient safety as well. In addition, different characteristics of clinical skills training have been compared for the further exporation of system-oriented curricula.
Regulation of Emotional, Marital Satisfaction and Marital Lifestyle of Fertile and Infertile
Authors: Azizi Abolfazl
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this present study is investigating of relationship and compare between emotion regulation, marital satisfaction and lifestyle of the fertile and infertile couples in Isfahan. The sample consisted of two groups of 200 people in fertile and infertile couples in Isfahan who were selected based on availability. To collect information was used from questionnaires lifestyle, marital satisfaction and cognitive emotion regulation. The results showed that lifestyle and marital satisfaction in fertile and infertile no significant difference in cognitive emotion regulation fertile and infertile couples, but there is a significant difference. Infertile couples have lower cognitive emotion regulation. As well as lifestyle and marital satisfaction in fertile and infertile couples have a significant positive relationship that the relationship is stronger for infertile couples. Lifestyle and cognitive emotion regulation, marital significant negative relationship with cognitive emotion regulation has a significant positive relationship between fertile and infertile couples 17.7 % of fertile couple’s marital satisfaction and cognitive emotion regulation with fertile couples to explain them is not a predictor of marital satisfaction. But lifestyle 22.6 % of infertile couples infertile couples marital satisfaction and cognitive emotion regulation in the first and 7.4% of infertile couples to predict marital satisfaction, Therefore, it is essential that interventions for infertile couples to be cognitive of the training set to handle the excitement of infertility and prevent problems related to it.
Laser alloying of 316L steel with boron
and nickel
Authors: Mikołajczak D. , Kulka M. , Makuch N. , Dziarski P.
Published: January 2018

Purpose: The aim of the study was to improve the hardness and tribological properties
of austenitic 316L steel by laser alloying with boron and nickel.
Design/methodology/approach: The relatively low wear resistance of austenitic 316L
steel could be improved by an adequate surface treatment. Laser alloying was developed
as an alternative for time- and energy-consuming thermo-chemical treatment, e.g.
diffusion boriding. In the present study, laser alloying of 316L steel with boron and nickel
was carried out as the two-stage process. Firstly, the outer surface of the sample was
coated with the paste, consisting of the mixture of boron and nickel powders, blended with
a diluted polyvinyl alcohol solution. Second stage consisted in laser re-melting of the paste
coating together with the base material. Laser treatment was carried out with the use of
the TRUMPF TLF 2600 Turbo CO2 laser. The multiple laser tracks were formed on the
surface. The microstructure was observed with the use of an optical microscope (OM) and
scanning electron microscope (SEM) Tescan Vega 5135. The phase analysis was carried
out by PANalytical EMPYREAN X-ray diffractometer using Cu Ka radiation. Hardness
profile was determined along the axis of laser track. Wear resistance was studied using
MBT-01 tester.
Findings: The use of the adequate laser processing parameters (laser beam power,
scanning rate, overlapping) caused that free of cracks and gas pores and the uniform laseralloyed
layer in respect of the thickness was produced. In the microstructure, only two
zones were observed: laser re-melted zone (MZ) and the substrate. There were no effects
of heat treatment below MZ. Heat-affected zone (HAZ) was invisible because the austenitic
steel could not be hardened by typical heat treatment (austenitizing and quenching).
The produced laser-alloyed layer was characterized by improved hardness and wear
resistance compared to the base material.
Research limitations/implications: The application of proposed surface treatment
in industry will require the appropriate corrosion resistance. In the future research,
the corrosion behaviour of the produced layer should be examined and compared to the
behaviour of 316L steel without surface layer.
Practical implications: The proposed layer could be applied in order to improve the
hardness and tribological properties of austenitic steels.
Originality/value: This work is related to the new conception of surface treatment
of austenitic steels, consisting in laser alloying with boron and some metallic elements.
PECULIARITIES OF FINANCING NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS IN POLAND AND UKRAINE
Authors: Mykytyn Taras , Yakymchuk Alina , Szymanski Jaroslaw , Zaitsev Dmytro
Published: January 2018

The main sources of financing of national natural parks have been defined. The foreign
experience in financing national parks has been analysed. The paper presents the
history of creating national parks in Ukraine and Poland, gives their short characteristics.
The common issues are revealed in the work of national natural parks and their
specifics in each state. The basic prospects of development of the protected areas in Ukraine have been ordered. The innovative mechanisms for biodiversity conservation
tools were expanded. The methodology approaches to the biodiversity conservation in the
Ukraine’s national state accounts were developed and they are based on the new calculations
of the economic evaluation of the natural ecosystem functioning. This technique
is based on the concept of total economic value of ecosystem functioning.
Klarsprogsarbejdet i Island
Authors: Kristinsson Ari Páll , Halldórsdóttir Eygló S.
Published: January 2018

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.]
Klarspråkarbeidet i Noreg
Authors: Hovdenak Marit
Published: January 2018

[Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.]
Faget Legal Writing’s grensesprengende rolle i utvikling av skriveferdigheter på juridiske fakulteter i USA
Authors: Craig Ronald L.
Published: January 2018

Foredraget handler om innføringen og utviklingen av faget Legal Writing på nærmest alle juridiske fakulteter i USA i 1970 og 1980 årene. Det ble en stor satsing på jus i USA for å lære jusstudenter å skrive bedre. Stikkordene for skriving er conciseness, preciseness, simplicity, elegance og clarity. Studenten leverer mange juridiske oppgaver til lærer i form av en legal memorandum. Oppgavene beskriver en juridisk problemstilling på samme måte som en advokat beskriver den for sin klient. Senere blir det oppgaver av typen prosesskrift som om studenten prosederer for en ankedomstol. Disse to hovedformene for oppgaver gir rikelig grunnlag for å lære studentene bedre skriveteknikker. Dette faget er alminnelig kjent blant studentene å være det vanskeligste faget på jusstudiet. Faget Legal Writing eksisterer fortsatt på nærmest alle juridiske fakulteter i USA. Storbritannia har ikke hatt samme utvikling.
Språket i regelverk – hva er god jus og hva er bare dårlig språk?
Authors: Riis-Johannessen Inger
Published: January 2018

Innledningsvis skisseres hvorfor regelverk får dårlig kvalitet og det antydes hva som kan gjøres for å få bedre kvalitet. Det gis typiske eksempler på dårlig språk som ikke er en konsekvens av at ”det må være slik for å bli juridisk korrekt”. Foredraget viser også eksemler på hensiktsmessig og nødvendig fagspråk som oppleves som tungt tilgjengelig, men som likevel er vanskelig å unngå. Utfordringene i spenningsfeltet mellom de to typene eksempler omtales. Avslutningsvis sammenfattes oppfordringer til både filologer og jurister.
Å skape bilder av leserne i netteksten
Authors: Michelsen Maja
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Erfarenheter av det svenska klarspråksarbetet
Authors: Ehrenberg-Sundin Barbro
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Klarspråkskristallen – en presentation
Authors: Parès Nathalie
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Socialförmåner med klarspråk
Authors: Helle Maria
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke artikel til denne artikel.
Uklart juridisk språk
Authors: Senje Aud Anna
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Controlled Language promoting readability and Tone-of-Voice
Authors: Henriksen Lina , Jongejan Bart , Maegaard Bente
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Sluttdiskusjon
Authors: Redaktionen -
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
Förord
Authors: Piehl Aino , Sommardahl Eivor
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
EU-översättning och lagspråksförenkling
Authors: Ekerot Lars-Johan
Published: January 2018

Der findes ikke resumé til denne artikel.
För många texter kan skymma sikten. Om myndigheternas uppdrag, tidens ideal och policydokument vid svenska myndigheter
Authors: Höög Catharina Nyström
Published: January 2018

Under the influence of New Public Management, the text repertoires of public authorities in Sweden have changed. Today, public authorities produce a number of different policy texts, such as policies for communication, and for behavior within the workplace. The mere existence of such texts, not explicitly directed at addressees outside the authority, challenges the role of plain language. Is it worthwhile to establish plain language strategies for those texts, or do they call for a different kind of action? Are the advocates of plain language obligated, according to the language act, to make policy texts “cultivated, simple and comprehensible”? In this article, I argue that it might be more important for the language cultivation within the public authorities to discuss the amount of texts produced, and why texts are produced. Too many texts may be a plain language problem in itself; they tend to blur the view.
Når borger og kommune mødes digitalt
Authors: Flebbe Anja
Published: January 2018

Citizens expect digital communication with public authorities to be as smooth as other online services. However, it is not easier to claim benefits and services only because it is done digitally. For municipalities and other public authorities, it is expensive when the citizens makes phone calls or show up at city hall, rather than using the online channels – and the municipalities experience budget reductions because of the savings digitization is meant to generate. The Municipality of Horsens have experienced success by, inspired by e-commerce, seeing digital self service as a product to be sold. The approach changes the rhetoric and language in the digital communication between citizen and public authority, and emphasizes the need for a holistic approach to digital self service. Different target groups present different challenges: the older generation may have difficulties in the digital interactions, whereas the younger age groups may have a hard time understanding certain key concepts in the language used by the municipality and other authorities.
Klarspråkskampanj som maktmedel?
Authors: Piehl Aino
Published: January 2018

Den finländska klarspråkskampanjen vill uppmuntra myndigheter att göra klarspråkssatsningar och att visa exempel, vara förebilder och presentera lyckade resultat. I kampanjen deltar sju pilotmyndigheter och deras åtgärder presenteras på kampanjens webbplats. Via tävlingen ”Den bästa framgångsberättelsen” vill kampanjen också föra fram exempel på nya metoder som myndigheterna har tagit i bruk för att förbättra sitt skrivande. Metoderna representerar mjuk makt (se Josehp Nye), medan hård makt skulle innebära att staten använde lagar eller föreskrifter för att påverka myndigheternas beteende. Båda former av makt behövs emellertid om myndigheterna ska styras till att följa rekommendationerna i det nya handlingsprogrammet för ett klarare myndighetsspråk. SummaryThe Finnish Government’s Plain Language Campaign (2014-2015) encourages government agencies to improve their texts and communication by presenting free plain language tools and good practice on its website. Examples are given by the campaign’s seven pilot agencies, whose plain language projects can be followed on the campaign website. A competition for best practices is another way to disseminate new ways of achieving clear texts and proper communication. These methods may be said to represent soft power (cf. Joseph Nye), but hard power is also necessary: permanent structures must be put in place by legislation or administrative decisions. In the end, it is hard to tell which tool is the more efficient. If writing practices are to be changed, there must be a desire to do better, and that is more likely to be stimulated by using soft power.
Nyere forskning har vist…
Authors: Tønnesson Johan
Published: January 2018

Forskningen, som gjerne må identifisere seg med et prosjekt som «klarspråk», lever av gode spørsmål og må forholde seg kritisk til sitt emne. Artiklene i Klarspråk-nummeret av det nordiske vitenskapelige tidsskriftet Sakprosa (Vol. 7, nr. 2 (2015)) som meget kort presenteres her, har det til felles at de nettopp er kritiske: Klarspråksrådene savner språkog tekstvitenskapelig belegg, demokratibegrunnelsen for klarspråk forvitrer, offentlige verdidokumenter forvirrer, juridiske EU-oversettelser mangler mottakerbevissthet, og et prisvinnende standardbrev kan være vanskeligere å forstå enn brevet det skulle erstatte. SummaryIt is laudable when scientific researchers identify themselves with projects such as the plain language campaign. Good, and even enthusiastic, questions are what good science and research live by, but still the researchers’ basic attitude should be critical towards their subject. The articles in the Plain Language issue of the online journal Sakprosa (English summaries are available) share such a critical attitude, as they conclude that plain language guides lack linguistic and textological evidence; the democratic basis for plain language campaigns is disintegrating; public mission statements confuse; EU legal translators do not consider the readers of their texts; and an acclaimed standard letter from an official body may turn out to be more difficult to understand than its predecessor.
Den sproglige erfaring: En Heideggerlæsning
Authors: Løwenstein Casper
Published: January 2018

Drawing on the work of Heidegger, this dissertation develops a concept of linguistic experience. It brings together examinations of Heidegger’s style, close readings of some of his most programmatic passages, his writings on language, as well as his interpretations of Hegel, Hölderlin, and others, to support the overall argument that experience is both proto-linguistic and proto-historical. On an exegetical level, I argue that experience is an overlooked element of Heidegger’s ambitions concerning the work and future of thinking. On a more general level, I illuminate features of experience such as negativity, imprint, transition, and tentativeness, and reﬂ ect on the role of these features in the use of language in metaphysics and in poetry. With the term ‘preparatory history,’ I summarize Heidegger’s conception of poetry and his ideal of a historical thinking that is more closely oriented to experience. Th is reading opens up avenues for further investigation regarding the work and aim of philosophy.
Artistic Research Syndrome
Authors: Elo Mika
Published: January 2018

In this essay, I present a heuristic construction that I call âartistic research syndromeâ, a constellation of loosely associated cultural symptoms that all have to do with displacement of sense. My aim is to open a new perspective on artistic research practices in a wider cultural, theoretical frame. The approach is informed by the hypothesis that there is an on-going destabilisation of the culturally conditioned hierarchies between different dimensions of sense (in all senses of the word âsenseâ) and that artistic research practices play a significant role in this destabilisation. âArtistic research syndromeâ indicates a crisis of theory-driven models of research and the revival of pragmatogonic research settings. It is signaling the radical relativisation of human-centered conceptions of the world and the recognition of non-human agencies. It provokes the recognition of previously underestimated forms of cognition. It holds sway on the neuralgic points of todayâs economies and ecologies of knowledge.
I will address some key aspects of âartistic research syndromeâ through a set of interrelated questions concerning the relation of aesthetics and arts research. I will formulate these questions in terms of âcultural techniquesâ, âdisplacement of senseâ and âboundary workâ.
Reclaiming Aesthetics; 16 notes
Authors: Slager Henk
Published: January 2018

This article explores the idea that the increasing satiety and institutional jadedness of the currently ubiquitous research-based discourse may lead to new forms of aesthetics and aesthetic thinking. How can the art academy, as a sanctuary for experimental (thinking) processes, facilitate and possibly anticipate such a development?
Introduction to node "Art and Research"
Authors: VilÃ  i Ãdena Irma , Alsina Pau
Published: January 2018

Focusing on the relations between art and research, this single topic issue was the result of several conversations held over the last few years between members of the CAIRE, the Experimental Art and Research Cluster. Founded by four research groups at the UAB, UB, UPF and UOC together with the HANGAR artistic production and research between in Barcelona, the objective of the CAIRE is precisely to contribute toward artistic research by capitalizing on its specific and unique features. In this respect, taking advantage of the framework offered by the symposium Questioning Aesthetics: Arts Research & Aesthetics, which took place from 20th to 22nd June 2017 at the Palau Virreina in Barcelona, organized by the UAB, the Transdisciplinary Aesthetics Foundation and Banco Sabadell Foundation, we issued an open call for articles that focus on the relation between the Arts and Research, which, after the peer-review process, ended up as this node of the journal Artnodes. Therefore, the first five articles are written by authors who took part at the aforementioned symposium at the time, while the rest of the articles in the single topic issue come from other writers who share their experiences and reflections with us from a range of different perspectives and approaches.
Myeloid cell recruitment versus local proliferation differentiates susceptibility from resistance to filarial infection
Authors: Campbell Sharon M , Knipper Johanna A , Ruckerl Dominik , Finlay Conor M , Logan Nicola , Minutti Carlos M , Mack Matthias , Jenkins Stephen J , Taylor Matthew D , Allen Judith E
Published: January 2018

Both TH2-dependent helminth killing and suppression of the TH2 effector response have been attributed to macrophages (MΦ) activated by IL-4 (M(IL-4)). To investigate how M(IL-4) contribute to diverse infection outcomes, the MΦ compartment of susceptible BALB/c mice and more resistant C57BL/6 mice was profiled during infection of the pleural cavity with the filarial nematode, Litomosoides sigmodontis. C57BL/6 mice exhibited a profoundly expanded resident MΦ (resMΦ) population, which was gradually replenished from the bone marrow in an age-dependent manner. Infection status did not alter the bone-marrow derived contribution to the resMΦ population, confirming local proliferation as the driver of resMΦ expansion. Significantly less resMΦ expansion was observed in the susceptible BALB/c strain, which instead exhibited an influx of monocytes that assumed an immunosuppressive PD-L2+ phenotype. Inhibition of monocyte recruitment enhanced nematode killing. Thus, the balance of monocytic vs. resident M(IL-4) numbers varies between inbred mouse strains and impacts infection outcome.
Two lessons from Christie Davies
Authors: Attardo Salvatore
Published: January 2018

Two important methodological lessons are highlighted, using examples from Christie Davies' work: the significance of negative evidence and of terminological precision.
The progress of Australian humour in Britain
Authors: Davies John Christopher
Published: January 2018

There has long been a close link between both the comedy and, by implication, the sense of humour of British and Australians. Such distinctively British radio and television programs as Hancock's Half Hour and Till Death Do Us Part found their main overseas market in Australia rather than in other English-speaking countries. Americans either did not find them funny or else were not allowed to find them funny, or provided feeble imitations such as Archie Bunker. Only the Australians were able and willing to share the British sense of humour. The other side of this relationship is that Australian comedians such as Dick Bentley, Joy Nicholls, Bill Kerr, Rolf Harris, Barry Humphries and Kevin Bloody Wilson, having succeeded in Australia, have gone on to be successful in Britain as well. Clearly the same formulae work in both countries.
Humorous TV ads and the 3WD: Evidence for generalizability of humour appreciation across media?
Authors: Hofmann Jennifer , Ruch Willibald Friedrich
Published: January 2018

Individuals differ in their appreciation of jokes and cartoons with respect to the structure of the humorous material (e.g., whether the jokes and cartoons are can be categorised in terms of incongruity-resolution or in terms of nonsense), as well as content (e.g., whether they contain sexual themes or not). While the 3WD (3 jokes dimensions) test allows for the measurement of such differences in a paper-pencil test of verbal jokes and visual cartoons, humour transported by other media, such as TV advertisements, has not been included so far. The current study aimed at assessing the appreciation of jokes and cartoons alongside the appreciation of humorous TV ads that were pre-categorized according to the structure and content factors of the 3WD. Moreover, relationships to personality and willingness to buy were also assessed. A sample of 134 adult participants completed the study. A joint factor analysis of the 3WD scores and humour appreciation in TV ads shows a five-factor structure, with three factors denominating the appreciation of incongruity-resolution humour, nonsense humour and sexual humour, a fourth factor denominating the liking of incongruity resolution humour with sexual themes (in both ads and jokes) and an advertisement specific factor. Thus, the 3WD dimensions can also be verified in humorous ads. Psychoticism and sensation seeking correlated negatively with the perceived funniness of incongruity resolution humour, replicating findings for the 3WD and additionally showing that the relationships are similar with respect to humour appreciation in TV advertisements. Moreover, the appreciation of humour predicted the willingness of the individual to buy the product or use the service. To conclude, the structure of humour appreciation is generalizable across media. Yet, there is also some advertisement specific variance and future studies may address the question of whether the 3WD covers all aspects of humour appreciation across media types. Moreover, knowing the target group of a product (and personality features of this group) may help to tailor the humour of the advertisement to match the “humour taste” of potential customers.
The consolations of humor
Authors: Oring Elliott
Published: January 2018

This examination of the corpus of anecdotes about the Mormon missionary J. Gordon Kimball (1953-1938), is used to point out, first, that there seem to be no substantive grounds for imputing aggressive motives to their tellers or their audiences. In fact, the central character of this corpus of anecdotes was a much beloved figure in his lifetime, and the character is still regarded with affection by many who only know him through the anecdotes The second point is that these jokes might offer compensations, but compensations unrelated to the release of and relief from libidinal forces. They rather can be understood in a way so that they may offer compensations of a different kind—the consolations of a philosophy.
Characterization and toxicity of citral incorporated with nanostructured lipid carrier
Authors: Nordin Noraini , Yeap Swee Keong , Zamberi Nur Rizi , Abu Nadiah , Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Rahman Heshu Sulaiman , How Chee Wun , Masarudin Mas Jaffri , Abdullah Rasedee , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu
Published: January 2018

The nanoparticle as a cancer drug delivery vehicle is rapidly under investigation due to its promising applicability as a novel drug delivery system for anticancer agents. This study describes the development, characterization and toxicity studies of a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) system for citral. Citral was loaded into the NLC using high pressure homogenization methods. The characterizations of NLC-citral were then determined through various methods. Based on Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis, NLC-Citral showed a spherical shape with an average diameter size of 54.12 ± 0.30 nm and a polydipersity index of 0.224 ± 0.005. The zeta potential of NLC-Citral was −12.73 ± 0.34 mV with an entrapment efficiency of 98.9 ± 0.124%, and drug loading of 9.84 ± 0.041%. Safety profile of the formulation was examined viain vitroandin vivoroutes to study its effects toward normal cells. NLC-Citral exhibited no toxic effects towards the proliferation of mice splenocytes. Moreover, no mortality and toxic signs were observed in the treated groups after 28 days of treatment. There were also no significant alterations in serum biochemical analysis for all treatments. Increase in immunomodulatory effects of treated NLC-Citral and Citral groups was verified from the increase in CD4/CD3 and CD8/CD3 T cell population in both NLC-citral and citral treated splenocytes. This study suggests that NLC is a promising drug delivery system for citral as it has the potential in sustaining drug release without inducing any toxicity.
First record ofPhormia regina(Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) from mummies at the Sant’Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo, Sardinia, Italy
Authors: Giordani Giorgia , Tuccia Fabiola , Floris Ignazio , Vanin Stefano
Published: January 2018

The studies of insects from archaeological contexts can provide an important supplement of information to reconstruct past events, climate and environments. Furthermore, the list of the species present in an area in the past allows the reconstruction of the entomofauna on that area at that time, that can be different from the nowadays condition, providing information about biodiversity changes. In this work, the results of a funerary archaeoentomological study on samples collected from mummified corpses discovered during the restoration of the crypt of the Sant’Antonio Abate Cathedral of Castelsardo (Sardinia, Italy) are reported. The majority of the sampled specimens were Diptera puparia, whereas only few Lepidoptera cocoons and some Coleoptera fragments were isolated. Among Diptera, Calliphoridae puparia were identified asPhormia regina(Meigen, 1826) andCalliphora vicina, (Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830) both species typical of the first colonization waves of exposed bodies. Three puparia fragments were also identified as belonging to aSarcophagaMeigen, 1826, species (Sarcophagidae). Several Muscidae puparia of the speciesHydrotaea capensis(Weidmermann, 1818), a late colonizer of bodies, and typical of buried bodies were also collected. The few moth (Lepidoptera) cocoons were identified as belonging to the family Tineidae. This family comprises species feeding on dry tissues and hair typical of the later phases of the human decomposition. Among Coleoptera a single specimen in the family Histeridae,Saprinus semistriatus(Scriba, 1790) and a single elytra, potentially of a species in the family Tenebrionidae, were also collected. Overall, the samples collected indicated an initial colonization of the bodies in an exposed context, mainly in a warm season. This research allows the finding of elements indicating the presence, at least in the past, ofP. reginain Sardinia. This species at the moment seems extinct from Sardinia while it is quite common in the continent.