bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data for Decision Making: Strategic Information Tools for Hospital Management During a Pandemic
Authors: Farias Daniel R. , Raffo Lucrecia , Bacigalupo Silvia , Cremaschi Maria , Vence Liliana , Ramos Susana , Salguero Ana , Claudio Martin , Meites Elissa , Cubito† Alejandro
Published: October 2010

Objectives: During the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) pandemic, Argentina's Hospital Nacional Profesor Alejandro Posadas, a referral center in the capital province of Buenos Aires, treated a large urban patient population. Beginning in April, after severe influenza had been reported in North America but before any suspected cases of H1N1 had been reported in Argentina, the authors formed a pandemic planning committee to direct our hospital's response. An important strategy of the management team was to create a single daily monitoring tool that could integrate multiple information sources. We describe our pandemic planning strategy so that it may serve as a template for other hospitals.

Methods: We describe our integrated data management system and the indicators it measured. We also describe the iterative process used to develop these tools and the current versions we use in surveillance for possible new waves of pandemic influenza.

Results: We present 3 examples of strategic decision making applied to data from our integrated information system. Daily pandemic surveillance data motivated the planning committee to reallocate hospital resources to care for patients during the peak pandemic period.

Conclusions: This report illustrates the importance of pandemic planning and advanced integrated information tools for management of a health care facility during a pandemic.

(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:207-212)
Spherical and Anisotropic Silver Nanomaterials in Medical Diagnosis
Authors: Zhao Yiping , Tripp Ralph A.
Published: October 2010

Silver‐based nanostructures have been widely used for biosensors and medical diagnostics due to their unique optical properties. In this chapter, we review the fundamentals of different novel diagnostics techniques, such as surface plasmon resonance, localized surface plasmon resonance, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy, metal‐enhanced florescence and surface‐enhanced infrared absorbance spectroscopy, based on the unique plasmonic properties of silver nanostructures. The general methodology to synthesize and fabricate different silver nanostructures is also reviewed. Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy has been used as an example to show the potential of Ag nanoparticle‐based diagnostic techniques in applications such as drug identification, biomarker tracing, DNA and RNA differentiation, virus and bacterial detection. The demonstrated Ag nanostructure‐based optical sensing techniques have not only high efficiency and sensitivity but also relatively simple equipment requirements and are economic – features which offer great potential for use in practical diagnostics.
Health and Environmental Impact of Silver Nanomaterials
Authors: Yu Il Je , Kelman Bruce
Published: October 2010

Silver nanoparticles are widely used products developed by current nanotechnology. Health and environmental risks are major obstacles for making nanotechnology more accessible to consumers and potential users. Although a considerable body of
in vitro
data on silver nanomaterials indicates the potential for adverse effects, the
in vivo
data are somewhat contradictory. A lack of human or environmental exposure data makes the health and environmental impact evaluation for silver nanomaterials more difficult.
Approaches to the Synthesis and Characterization of Spherical and Anisotropic Noble Metal Nanomaterials
Authors: Parab Harshala J. , Chen Hao Ming , Bagkar Nitin C. , Liu Ru‐Shi , Hwu Yeu‐Kuang , Tsai Din Ping
Published: October 2010

The ability to tailor the shapes and sizes of inorganic nanostructures is critical for modern materials chemistry, because the intrinsic properties of most nanostructures are strongly dependent on their shapes and sizes, which can be further useful for various applications. This chapter provides an overview of the various synthesis methods of spherical and anisotropic noble metal nanomaterials. The shapes of resultant nanostructures can be controlled by manipulating different parameters, such as the crystallinity of seeds and the growth rates of different crystallographic facets. In this chapter, we discuss a number of useful parameters that can be tuned to control the formation of anisotropic silver and gold nanostructures with a specific shape in a solution‐phase synthesis, using chemical and biological methods. A brief description of various synthesis methods and the characterization of the metal nanoparticles with a special emphasis on X‐ray absorption measurements have been provided in order to understand the mechanistic aspects of crystal growth. Using the synthesis methods described herein, a variety of well‐defined anisotropic shapes of silver and gold nanoparticles can be achieved and these methodologies can be directly extended to other metals.
Synthesis of Symmetric and Asymmetric Nanosilica for Materials, Optical and Medical Applications
Authors: Qu Yongquan , Lien Jennifer , Guo Ting
Published: October 2010

In this chapter we review the current state of research on symmetric and asymmetric silica nanomaterials, or nanosilica, in terms of their synthesis, characterization and applications. Both, catalytically and noncatalytically grown nanosilica are discussed, and several types of application for these nanomaterials are described. For asymmetric nanosilica, the focus is on helical nanosilica such as silica nanocoils and other helical nanosilica, whereas for symmetric silica nanomaterials the discussion covers more general forms of nanosilica, including nanoparticles, mesoporous nanomaterials and silica nanotubes.
Approaches to the Biofunctionalization of Spherical Silica Nanomaterials
Authors: Nakamura Michihiro
Published: October 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Silica Nanoparticles

Inorganic Silica Nanoparticles

Organosilica Nanoparticles

Organically Modified Silane Nanoparticles (ORMOSILNanoparticles)

Functional Organosilica Nanoparticles

Multisilicate Nanoparticles

Biofunctionalization of Silica Nanoparticles

Surface Biofunctionalization

Surface Biofunctionalization of Inorganic Silica Nanoparticles

Surface Biofunctionalization of Organosilica Nanoparticles

Internal Biofunctionalization

An Overview

Preparation of Fluorescent Silica Nanoparticles

Applications

Advantages of Biofunctionalized Silica Nanoparticles

Applications in Medical Diagnosis

Genes

Detection of Proteins

Detection of Microbes

Multiplexed Assays

Imaging

Applications in Medical Therapy

Drug Delivery

Gene Delivery

Photodynamic Therapy

Summary and Future Perspectives
Spherical and Anisotropic Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals
Authors: Bose Susmita , Xue Weichang , Banerjee Ashis , Bandyopadhyay Amit
Published: October 2010

The sections in this article are

Introduction

Bone Structure

Hydroxyapatite and its Crystal Structure

SyntheticHANanocrystals: Application to Bone Replacement and Drug/Protein Delivery

Bone Replacement

Drug Delivery

Synthesis of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

Wet Chemical Precipitation

Sol–Gel Process

Biomimetic Synthesis

Hydrothermal Method

Mechanochemical Powder Synthesis

Solid‐State Reactions

Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis

Emulsion Process

Surfactants

Reverse Micelles

Effect of Ageing

Effect of Metal Ion Concentration

Other Processes

Characterization of Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

Composition and Phase Analysis

Nanoparticle Characterization for Size and Morphology

Biological Characterization

In VitroEvaluation Methods: Simulated Body Fluids and Cell Culture

In VivoAnimal Testing

Toxicology ofHANanoparticles

Bulk Structures Using Hydroxyapatite Nanocrystals

Microwave Sintering of Nanopowders

Future Trends

High‐StrengthHAusing Nano‐HAand Dopants

HAScaffolds in Tissue Engineering

NanoscaleHACoatings for Load‐Bearing Implants

HAin Drug/Protein Delivery
Spherical and Anisotropic Metallic Nanomaterials‐BasedNSETBiosensors
Authors: Ray Paresh Chandra , Griffin Jelani , Lu Wentong , Tovmachenko Oleg , Singh Anant K. , Senapati Dulal , Kolawole Gabriel A.
Published: October 2010

The ability to integrate metal nanoparticles into biological systems has had a major impact in biology and biomedicine. The development of nanobased biosensors has increased tremendously over the past few years, as demonstrated by the large number of scientific publications in this area. In this chapter we discuss recent efforts in the development of a nanomaterials surface energy transfer (NSET) probe for sensing biomolecules. Such a probe can improve the analytical figures of merit, such as detection limits, sensitivity, selectivity, and dynamic range, relative to currently available commercial systems.
Cornelia de Lange Syndrome 4th Biennial Scientific and Educational Symposia abstracts
Authors: Kline Antonie D.
Published: October 2010

The following abstracts are presentations from the 4th Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Scientific Symposium on June 24, 2010 in conjunction with the Cornelia de Lange Syndrome Foundation National Meeting, Dallas, Texas. This year, an Educational Symposium was added to the program. Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS) remains the prototype for the cohesinopathy disorders that have been described as having mutations in genes involved in the cohesin subunit in all cells. In addition to clinically related presentations, there were a significant number of developmental and molecular biology‐based talks, elucidating the genetic changes and progress towards research for treatment on this condition. A “typical” case presentation is included below as well. AMA CME credits were provided through the University of Texas Southwest. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Typical cMRI pattern as diagnostic clue for D‐bifunctional protein deficiency without apparent biochemical abnormalities in plasma
Authors: Grønborg Sabine , Krätzner Ralph , Spiegler Juliane , Ferdinandusse Sacha , Wanders Ronald J.A. , Waterham Hans R. , Gärtner Jutta
Published: October 2010

D‐bifunctional protein deficiency (DBPD) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by a defect in peroxisomal β‐oxidation. The majority of patients suffer from a severe neurological disease with neonatal hypotonia and seizures and die within the first 2 years of life. Few patients show milder clinical phenotypes with prolonged survival. The diagnosis relies on the clinical presentation, measurement of peroxisomal markers, including very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) in plasma, followed by enzymatic studies in fibroblasts and genetic testing. Diagnosis can be difficult to establish in milder cases, especially if VLCFA concentration in plasma is not or only mildly elevated. We report on siblings in which initial measurement of plasma VLCFA did not indicate a peroxisomal disease. Nevertheless, cMRI showed a pattern typical for an inborn peroxisomal disease with cerebral and cerebellar leukencephalopathy, perisylvic polymicrogyria, and frontoparietal pachygyria. Repeated measurements of peroxisomal metabolites in plasma prompted by the cMRI findings showed values in the upper normal or mildly elevated range and led to further diagnostic steps. The diagnosis of a type III DBPD with a missense mutation (T15A) in the HSD17B4 gene, coding for D‐bifunctional protein (DBP), could be established. We conclude that a typical “peroxisomal pattern” in cMRI including cerebral and cerebellar leukencephalopathy, perisylvic polymicrogyria and pachygyria is a valuable clue to the diagnosis of DBPD, especially in cases with no or only very mild abnormalities in plasma. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Synthesis and properties of waterborne poly(urethane urea)s containing polydimethylsiloxane
Authors: Lee Young‐Hee , Kim Eun‐Ji , Kim Han‐Do
Published: October 2010

To obtain flexible waterborne poly(urethane urea) (WBPU) coatings with functionalities such as shape recovery and water resistance, we synthesized a series of WBPUs by a prepolymer mixing process from hexamethylene diisocyanate, polyol, 2,2‐bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid, ethylenediamine, and triethylamine with polyol blends [hydroxyl‐terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a number‐average molecular weight of ≈ 550 and poly(tetramethylene oxide) glycol (PTMG) with a number‐average molecular weight of 650] of different molar ratios. The effects of the PDMS content in PDMS/PTMG on the dynamic thermal and mechanical properties, hardness, tensile properties, water resistance (water absorption, contact angle, and surface energy), and shape‐memory properties of WBPU films were investigated. As the molar percentage of PDMS in WBPUs increased, the storage modulus, tensile strength and modulus, elongation at break, hardness, and shape‐retention rate (30–15%) decreased; however, the water resistance and shape‐recovery rate (80–90%) increased. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Novel whey protein‐based aqueous polymer‐isocyanate adhesive for glulam
Authors: Gao Zhenhua , Wang Wenbo , Zhao Zongyan , Guo Mingruo
Published: October 2010

Whey, a by‐product of cheese making, contains whey proteins, lactose, vitamins, and minerals. Whey and whey proteins are still not fully used. In this study, whey protein‐based aqueous polymer‐isocyanate (API) adhesives were developed and characterized by bond test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for bond strength, chemical structures, and morphology. The optimized whey protein‐based API adhesive for Glulam had a 28‐h boiling‐dry‐boiling wet strength of 6.81 MPa and a dry strength of 14.34 MPa. Results indicated that the addition of polyvinyl acetate emulsion can prolong the work life of the API adhesive. Addition of crosslinker polymeric methylene bisphenyl diisocyanate (P‐MDI) not only increased the cohesive strength of the cured adhesive by crosslinking whey proteins but also resulted in strong chemical bonds via urethane linkage in wood bondlines. Addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) further increased the crosslinking density of the cured adhesive due to its capability of crosslinking whey proteins through the reaction with P‐MDI. Nanoscale CaCO3 powder (3.5 wt %) as filler significantly improved bond strength due to its mechanical interlock with the polymers in the adhesive. SEM examinations confirmed that both PVA and nanoscale CaCO3 improved the compatibilities of the components in the optimized whey protein‐based API adhesive. FTIR results revealed that P‐MDI reacts mainly with the residual amino groups rather than the hydroxyl groups of whey proteins. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Styrene–butadiene rubber/graphite powder composites: Rheometrical, physicomechanical, and morphological properties
Authors: Ismail M. N. , Khalaf A. I.
Published: October 2010

The physicomechanical properties, curing characteristics, and morphological behaviors of styrene–butadiene rubber/graphite powder composites were evaluated. Different weight fractions and particle sizes of graphite powder were used. An increase in the graphite content increased the maximum torque, reinforcing factor, and tensile strength and decreased the elongation at break and equilibrium swelling. Also, a decrease in the particle size of the graphite increased the tensile strength and decreased the equilibrium swelling. Moreover, the dielectric properties were measured at about 30°C and 100 Hz. The values of permittivity and dielectric loss were found to increase with increasing graphite content. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Effects of atomic oxygen and ultraviolet in low earth orbit on low surface energy polymer film
Authors: Wang Xiaolong , Feng Zhou , Liu Weimin
Published: October 2010

Effects of atomic oxygen (AO) and ultraviolet (UV) on a polymer film with surface energy of 8.0 mJ m−2 derived from poly(1H,1H‐perfluorooctyl methylacrylate) were investigated by contact angle measurements, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and atomic force microscope. The film was exposed to AO with a flux of 6.73 × 1015 atoms cm−2 s−1 and UV with intensity of 15.8 mW cm−2 at wavelength of 200–450 nm, respectively. It is found that AO and UV irradiation resulted in the reduction of film thickness, change of wettability, and increase of surface energy, and AO exhibited more serious effects than UV on the fluorinated polymer film. Reduced rate of thickness of the film was almost proportional to the AO exposure time. After exposed to AO and UV irradiation, the surface energy of the film increased to 17.3 mJ m−2 and 11.0 mJ m−2, respectively. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
SEBS/PPy.DBSA blends: Preparation and evaluation of electromechanical and dynamic mechanical properties
Authors: Muller D. , Garcia M. , Salmoria G. V. , Pires A. T. N. , Paniago R. , Barra G. M. O.
Published: October 2010

In this study, the electromechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of electrically conducting polymer blends were investigated. The blends were comprised poly(styrene‐b‐butylene‐ran‐ethylene‐b‐styrene) (SEBS) containing polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (PPy.DBSA). The two types of PPy.DBSA (with and without an excess of DBSA) were blended with SEBS through the solution casting method at room temperature. The dynamic mechanical characterization of the SEBS/PPy.DBSA blends demonstrated that the use of PPy.DBSA with and without free DBSA molecules results in different degrees of interaction with the two phases of the SEBS copolymer matrix. The changes in the electrical conductivity of the blends during repeated pressure loading/unloading were investigated. The conducting SEBS/PPy.DBSA polymer blends exhibited an increase in the electrical conductivity on pressure loading and underwent a corresponding decrease on unloading. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Preparation and properties of high‐performance polysilsesquioxanes/bismaleimide‐triazine hybrids
Authors: Hu Jiang‐Tao , Gu Aijuan , Liang Guozheng , Zhuo Dongxian , Yuan Li
Published: October 2010

A novel kind of high‐performance hybrids (coded as POSS‐NH2/BT) with significantly decreased curing temperature, lowered dielectric constant and loss, and improved thermal resistance were developed, which were prepared by copolymerizing bismaleimide with cage octa(aminopropylsilsesquioxane) (POSS‐NH2) to produce POSS‐containing maleimide, and then co‐reacted with 2,2′‐bis(4‐cyanatophenyl) isopropylidene. The curing behavior and typical properties of cured POSS‐NH2/BT were systematically investigated. Results show that POSS‐NH2/BT hybrids have lower curing temperatures than BT resin because of the additional reactions between OCN and amine groups. Compared with BT resin, all hybrids show improved dielectric properties. Specifically, hybrids have slightly decreased dielectric constants and similar dependence of dielectric constant on frequency over the whole frequency from 10 to 106 Hz; more interestingly, the dielectric loss of hybrids is only 25% of that of BT resin at the frequency lower than 105 Hz, whereas all hybrids and BT resin have almost equal dielectric loss when the frequency is higher than 105 Hz. In addition, POSS‐NH2/BT hybrids also show good thermal and thermo‐oxidative stability compared with BT resin. All these differences in macroproperties are attributed to the difference in chemical structure between POSS‐NH2/BT hybrids and BT resin. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Hydroxyalkyl derivatives of phenyldiamine as modifiers for unsaturated polyester resins, Part 1: Derivatives of phenyl‐1,4‐diamine
Authors: Duliban Jerzy
Published: October 2010

The results are presented on the synthesis of new modifiers and functioning of amine modifiers for unsaturated polyester resins, obtained by reacting ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with phenyl‐1,4‐diamine. Also the effect of the modifiers and cobalt accelerator on the reactivity of resins was studied. When used in the amount of up to 2 wt %, the amines substantially (several times) reduced the gelation time of modified unsaturated polyesters. The reactivity of resins, however, improved in expense of their stability. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Alternating copolymer of pyridine and 1,4‐diphenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine from bis‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition polymerization
Authors: Sayed Abdelwahed R. , Wiggins Jeffrey S.
Published: October 2010

Our manuscript demonstrates a new “click‐type” polymerization reaction. We present the synthesis of a new polymer poly(1,4‐diphenyl‐1,4‐dihydro‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐3,6‐diyl‐2,6‐pyridinediyl) through bis‐nitrilimine intermediates which undergo bis‐1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition polymerization reactions. We synthesized N,N′‐diphenyl‐2,6‐pyridindioic(bis‐hydrazide) and halogenated this precursor to form N,N′‐diphenyl‐2,6‐pyridindioic (bis‐hydrazonoyl dichloride) as a new monomer. The resulting polymeric structure is a high molecular weight alternating copolymer of pyridine and diphenyltetrazine soluble in a variety of organic solvents. Synthetic preparation and spectral analysis of the synthesis is presented. In addition, we demonstrate coordination of the polymer with cobalt metal salts indicating high complexation capability for these polymers. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Electrical and dielectric characteristics of Al/polyindole Schottky barrier diodes. II. Frequency dependence
Authors: Yeriskin Seckin Altindal , Unal H. Ibrahim , Sari Bekir
Published: October 2010

The dielectric properties and ac electrical conductivity of Al/polyindole (Al/PIN) Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) were investigated by using admittance spectroscopy (capacitance–voltage [C‐V] and conductance–voltage [G/ω‐V]) method. These C‐V and G/ω‐V characterizations were performed in the frequency range of 1 kHz to 10 MHz by applying a small ac signal of 40 mV amplitude from the external pulse generator, whereas the dc bias voltage was swept from (−10 V) to (+10 V) at room temperature. The values of dielectric constant (ε′), dielectric loss (ε″), dielectric loss tangent (tanδ), real and imaginary part of electrical modulus (M′ and M″), ac electrical conductivity (σac), and series resistance (Rs) of the Al/PIN SBDs were found to be quite sensitive to frequency and applied bias voltage at relatively low frequencies. Although the values of the ε′, ε″, tanδ, and Rs of the device were observed to decrease with increasing frequencies, the electric modulus and σac increased with increasing frequency for the high forward bias voltages. These results revealed that the interfacial polarization can more easily occur at low frequencies and that the majority of interface states (Nss) between Al and PIN, consequently, contribute to deviation of dielectric properties of the Al/PIN SBDs. Furthermore, the voltage‐dependent profile of both Rs and Nss were obtained from the C‐V and G/ω‐V characteristics of the Al/PIN SBDs at room temperature. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Silk grafting with methacrylamide: A near‐infrared spectroscopy study
Authors: Zoccola Marina , Boschi Alessandra , Arosio Cristina , Mossotti Raffaella , Innocenti Riccardo , Freddi Giuliano
Published: October 2010

The grafting of methacrylamide (MAA) onto silk has taken importance not only as weighting process but also as finishing operation to improve the properties of the silk fibers. It was confirmed that the MAA monomer concentration, the initiator amount, and the liquor ratio are the major parameters affecting the yield of the reaction. Varying these parameters, a large number of samples, i.e., silk yarns with different grafting yields and exhaust grafting baths with different residual MAA concentrations, were obtained. Near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy was used for the quantitative determination of MAA in silk yarns and MAA in exhaust baths after grafting. A correlation between silk yarns grafting yield and NIR spectra of MAA grafted yarns was obtained. This correlation shows a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.96 and a standard error of calibration (SEC) of 8.37 w/w for a mean value (M) of 31.82% w/w. A second correlation between MAA in exhaust grafting baths and NIR spectra was obtained. This correlation shows a R2 of 0.95 and a SEC of 2.93 g/L for a M of 17.16 g/L. Previous correlations were improved using silk samples cleaned by extraction of sizing agents and detergents which could interfere with MAA grafting and modify absorption spectra of bath solutions. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Swelling dynamics of IPN hydrogels including acrylamide‐acrylic acid‐chitosan and evaluation of their potential for controlled release of piperacillin‐tazobactam
Authors: Pulat Mehlika , Tan Nur , Onurdağ Fatma Kaynak
Published: October 2010

For to be used in controlled releasing of piperacillin‐tazobactam, a series of semi and full IPN type hydrogels composed of acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AAm) and Chitosan (CS) were prepared via free‐radical polymerization. Ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) was used for crosslinking of PAAm and PAA chains to form semi‐IPN hydrogels. However, the full‐IPN type hydrogels were prepared by using glutaraldehyde (GA) and EGDMA as cocrosslinkers. Characteristics of the hydrogels were investigated by swelling experiments and SEM and FTIR analysis. Generally, full‐IPN type hydrogels swell much more than the semi‐IPN types. By comparing the full‐IPN type hydrogels in between, it is found that the increasing amount of GA causes the decreasing in S% values from 4860 to 4300%. Releasing of piperacillin‐tazobactam from selected three hydrogels were investigated in phosphate buffer solution at pH = 7.4, 37°C. The kinetic release parameters, n and k were calculated and non‐Fickian type diffusion was established for these hydrogels. The behaviors of the piperacillin‐tazobactam loaded hydrogels in Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) culture suspensions were also studied and the statistically significant differences for the microorganism growth values were determined. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
A MEMS‐based spiral channel dielectrophoretic chromatography system for cytometry applications
Authors: Yilmaz Gürkan , Çiftlik Ata Tuna , Külah Haluk
Published: October 2010

In this paper design, fabrication, and evaluation of an easy‐to‐use and low cost dielectrophoretic quantizer are introduced. The device works with standard tools in a biomedical laboratory: a stereo microscope with CCD camera and a voltage supply. A novel spiral microchannel geometry together with the coaxial electrode configuration is established. The device works with a droplet of sample, eliminating microfluidic connections, and external syringes. The proposed geometry decreases the footprint, therefore reduces the device cost, without compromizing the separation and quantization performances. Coaxial electrode geometry enables continuous electric‐field application with simple voltage supplies. The devices are fabricated using a simple 3‐mask process, and experiments are realized with 1 and 10 μm polystyrene beads. The results show that 1 μm particles have an average speed of 4.57 μm/s with 1.06 μm/s SD, and 10 μm particles have an average speed of 544 μm/s with 105 μm/s SD. The speed variation coefficient for 1 and 10 μm beads can be calculated as 23 and 19%, respectively. The size accuracy of the device is ±10%, while the resolution is 20%,i.e., particles with radii different from each other by 20% can be separated. Hence, moderate separation performance with minimized cost and standard laboratory equipment is enabled.
Meta-analysis of observational studies on the safety and effectiveness of robotic gynaecological surgery
Authors: Reza M , Maeso S , Blasco J A , Andradas E
Published: October 2010

Background

The safety and effectiveness of robotic, open and conventional laparoscopic surgery in gynaecological surgery was assessed in a systematic review of the literature. This will enable the general surgical community to understand where robotic surgery stands in gynaecology.

Methods

A search was made for previous systematic reviews in the Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, Health Technology Assessment, Cochrane Collaboration and Hayes Inc. databases. In addition, the MEDLINE, Embase and CINAHL databases were searched for primary studies. The quality of studies was assessed and meta-analyses were performed.

Results

Twenty-two studies were included in the review. All were controlled but none was randomized. The majority were retrospective with historical controls. The settings in which robotic surgery was used included hysterectomy for malignant and benign disease, myomectomy, sacrocolpopexy, fallopian tube reanastomosis and adnexectomy. Robotic surgery achieved a shorter hospital stay and less blood loss than open surgery. Compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery, robotic surgery achieved reduced blood loss and fewer conversions during the staging of endometrial cancer. No clinically significant differences were recorded for the other indications tested.

Conclusion

The available evidence shows that robotic surgery offers limited advantages with respect to short-term outcomes. However, the clinical outcomes should be interpreted with caution owing to the methodological quality of the studies.
Purification, characterization and functional expression of a new peptide with an analgesic effect from Chinese scorpion Buthus martensii Karsch (BmK AGP‐SYPU1)
Authors: Wang Yu , Wang Li , Cui Yong , Song Yong‐Bo , Liu Yan‐Feng , Zhang Rong , Wu Chun‐Fu , Zhang Jing‐Hai
Published: October 2010

In this study, a new peptide named BmK AGP‐SYPU1 with an analgesic effect was purified from the venom of Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch (BmK) through a four‐step chromatographic process. The mouse twisting test was used to identify the target peptides in every separation step. The purified BmK AGP‐SYPU1 was further qualified by RP‐HPLC and HPCE. The molecular mass determined by the MALDI‐4800‐TOF/TOF MS for BmK AGP‐SYPU1 was 7544 Da. Its primary structure of the N‐terminal was obtained using Edman degradation. The gene sequence of BmK AGP‐SYPU1 was cloned from the cDNA pool and genomic of scorpion glands, respectively, and then expressed in Escherichia coli. The sequence determination showed that BmK AGP‐SYPU1 was composed of 66 amino acid residues with a new primary structure. The metal chelating affinity column and cation exchange chromatography were used to purify the recombinant BmK AGP‐SYPU1. Consequently, the native and recombinant BmK AGP‐SYPU1 showed similar analgesic effects on mice as assayed using a mouse twisting model. These results suggested that BmK AGP‐SYPU1 is a new analgesic component found in the Chinese scorpion Buthus martensi Karsch. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The developmental anatomy of the human superior hypogastric plexus: A morphometrical investigation with clinical and surgical correlations
Authors: Correia João Antonio Pereira , De‐Ary‐Pires Bernardo , Pires‐Neto Mário Ary , De Ary‐Pires Ricardo
Published: October 2010

The superior hypogastric plexus (SHP) is the part of the autonomic nervous system, which is responsible for the sympathetic innervation of pelvic organs and extrapelvic genitals in humans of both sexes. The SHP also functions as the anatomic pathway for the major part of visceral sensitive fibers originating from pelvic viscera. In this study, the morphology of the SHP was analyzed through anatomical dissections performed both in human adult and fetal cadavers. A computerized morphometrical investigation of the SHP was also performed and the resulting quantitative data statistically assessed. The comparison between fetal and adult SHP revealed that in the male group there was a developmental increase of six times (in height) and of about five times (in width); while in the female group, there was a developmental increase of 3.5 times both in height and width values. In addition, the distance from the superior border of the SHP to the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries presented a developmental increase of about six times in the male group, and about four times in the female group. We propose an original morphological classification with six types, based upon the anatomical arrangement of the nervous fibers in this autonomic plexus. Clin. Anat. 23:962–970, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Surgical approach for a new knee prosthesis concept (TSTP) retaining both cruciate ligaments
Authors: Nowakowski Andrej M. , Müller‐Gerbl Magdalena , Valderrabano Victor
Published: October 2010

The transversal support tibial plateau (TSTP) concept was developed to retain both cruciate ligaments during total knee arthroplasty. TSTP design consists of two individual joint surfaces, reinforced beneath the joint line by two joint surface supports and buttressed by a single transversal support (TS). This configuration is devised to provide good bony anchoring especially for the TS, and to ensure long‐term alignment of the individual joint surfaces. TS insertion requires a small extra incision. This study assessed techniques to implant the TS into the tibia. Using a specially designed aiming device, TS insertion from each side was evaluated in 13 human cadaveric knees (10 formalin‐fixed, two Thiel embalmed, one fresh) at defined intervals of 15, 25, and 35 mm beneath the joint line. Particular attention was paid to potentially endangered structures, e.g., the medial collateral ligament (MCL), pes anserinus, and common peroneal nerve, as well as impediments to insertion, e.g., the fibula. TS implantation was successfully performed using both medial and lateral approaches. From medial, the TS was inserted safely at the 15 mm interval with the knee in maximum flexion and external rotation. With increasing intervals, however, the MCL and pes anserinus became progressively more susceptible to injury. In contrast, with the lateral approach, the operative field was quite close to the fibular head for the 25 mm interval. However, with the knee in extension, no other important structures were at risk. Clin. Anat. 23:985–991, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
On the separation of classes: can the Fisher criterion be improved upon when classes have unequal variance–covariance structure?
Authors: Åberg K. Magnus , Jacobsson Sven P.
Published: October 2010

A value of class separation can be used as a criterion to optimize data‐analytical protocols for multivariate classification problems. The Fisher criterion assumes equal variance–covariance structure, an assumption which is often violated in real datasets. The practical consequences of using the Fisher criterion compared to exploiting the variance–covariance differences has not been studied previously. Here, we show that about 50 samples are required to benefit from using the unequal variance–covariance structures for estimating class separation in two dimensions and more samples are required in higher dimensions. The results show that the Fisher criterion is robust and accurate for selection between pre‐treatments compared to a newly derived criterion called the Cooke criterion. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Assessment of the water quality of a river catchment by chemometric expertise
Authors: Tsakovski Stefan , Astel Aleksander , Simeonov Vasil
Published: October 2010

The present paper deals with the successive application of self‐organizing map (SOM) classification and Hasse diagram technique (HDT) as chemometric tool for assessment of river water quality. The study is carried out by using long‐term water quality monitoring data from the Struma River catchment, Bulgaria. The advantages of the SOM algorithm for advanced visualization and classification of large data sets are used for proper selection of chemical parameters being most effective in quality assessment. The proper variable selection combined with some state directives for surface water quality parameters was then used for performing a new data classification separating the objects of interest (sampling sites) into specific patterns. The simultaneous application of the SOM methodology and partial order theory allows to visualize the spatial and temporal evolution of water quality parameters. Thus, it can be seen that the nitrate loads are decreasing with time and the high specificity of a certain sampling station with respect to its water quality data pattern is changing. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
ChemInform Abstract: Anisotropic Properties and Crystal Structure of Ferroelectric Na0.5Bi4.5Ti4O15.
Authors: Li Zhengfa , Chan H. L. W. , Li Yongxiang , Kwok K. W. , Choy S. H.
Published: October 2010

The title ceramics is characterized by SEM, XRD, and impedance measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Calorimetric Investigations on Cubic BaTiO3 and Ba0.9Nd0.1TiO3 Systems.
Authors: Babu R. , Kandan R. , Jena Hrudananda , Kutty K. V. Govindan , Nagarajan K.
Published: October 2010

Enthalpy increments of the title compounds are measured in the temperature range 573—1523 K for the first time by inverse drop calorimetry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of Pure Phase Zn2SnO4 and Composite Zn2SnO4/C.
Authors: Yuan W. S. , Tian Y. W. , Liu G. Q.
Published: October 2010

Zn2SnO4 is hydrothermally synthesized from aqueous solutions of SnCl4, ZnCl2, and N2H4 (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Two 3D Networks Based on Sandwich‐Type Polyoxometalate Units Linked by Sr—O Clusters: Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Property.
Authors: Yu Yang , Zhou Bai‐Bin , Yu Kai , Zhang Yu‐Nan
Published: October 2010

The structures of compounds (IV) and (VI) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Regioselective Control in the Diastereoselective 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of 1‐(1‐Alkynyl)cyclopropyl Ketones with Nitrones.
Authors: Zhang Yanqing , Liu Feng , Zhang Junliang
Published: October 2010

Formal [3 + 3] or [4 + 3] cycloaddition products, resp., are obtained in the title reactions depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diamination and Alkoxyamination of Alkenes with N‐Sulfonyl Ureas Employing N‐Iodosuccinimide.
Authors: Li Hao , Widenhoefer Ross A.
Published: October 2010

NIS‐mediated intramolecular cyclization of N‐δ‐alkenyl‐N′‐sulfonylurea derivatives, e.g. (I), can afford pyrrolidino‐fused oxazolidines like (II) or imidazolidinones like (III), depending on the reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Amination of Acidic Aryl C—H Bonds with Primary Aromatic Amines.
Authors: Zhao Huaiqing , Wang Min , Su Weiping , Hong Maochun
Published: October 2010

Copper‐catalyzed aerobic oxidative C—H bond amination of electron‐deficient benzenes with primary aromatic amines is achieved for the first time.
ChemInform Abstract: Dual Amine‐ and Broensted Acid‐Catalyzed α‐Allylic Alkylation of Aldehydes.
Authors: Xu Li‐Wen , Gao Guang , Gu Feng‐Lei , Sheng Hao , Li Li , Lai Guo‐Qiao , Jiang Jian‐Xiong
Published: October 2010

A simple and palladium‐free, catalytic variant of title reaction is conducted under air without the need for dried solvents; water is the only side product of the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Michael Reaction of Nitroalkanes with β‐Nitroacrylates under a Solid Promoter: Advanced Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Nitro‐Functionalized α,β‐Unsaturated Esters and 1,3‐Butadiene‐2‐carboxylates.
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Gabrielli Serena , Ballini Roberto
Published: October 2010

The regio‐ and diastereoselective syntheses of several nitro‐functionalized α,β‐unsaturated esters such as (III) or (IX)/(X) and — at higher temperatures — butadienecarboxylates (IV)/(V) proceed under eco‐friendly conditions, using the eco‐compatible solvent ethyl acetate and a solid and reusable promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling Reaction of C—OMe Bonds Adjacent to a Nitrogen Atom with Terminal Alkynes.
Authors: Yao Bangben , Zhang Yuhong , Li Yong
Published: October 2010

Cu‐catalyzed treatment of formamide acetals or the methoxy amine (IX) with terminal alkynes allows simple and efficient access to a wide range of 3‐amino‐1,4‐diynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Design, Synthesis, and Application of Chiral Electron‐Poor Guanidines as Hydrogen‐Bonding Catalysts for the Michael Reaction.
Authors: Thai Karen , Gravel Michel
Published: October 2010

The first example of chiral electron‐poor guanidine catalysis through hydrogen‐bonding interactions without prior protonation to form a guanidinium species is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective and Chemospecific Protection and Deprotection of a Carbonyl Group Using Polystyrene Divinylbenzene Sulfonic Acid.
Authors: Verma Sanjeev K. , Sathe Manisha , Kaushik M. P.
Published: October 2010

The chemoselective protection and deprotection of carbonyl groups using cross‐linked polystyrene divinylbenzene sulfonic acid as a heterogenous catalyst is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Silica‐Supported HgSO4/H2SO4: A Convenient Reagent for the Hydration of Alkynes under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Mello Rossella , Alcalde‐Aragones Ana , Gonzalez‐Nunez Maria Elena
Published: October 2010

The inexpensive reagent allows isolation of the products by simply filtering and evaporating the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of All‐Carbon, Quaternary Center‐Containing Cyclohexenones Through an Organocatalyzed, Multicomponent Coupling.
Authors: Yang Hua , Carter Rich G.
Published: October 2010

The use of molecular sieves is crucial to achieve high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling/Dehydrobromination of 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes to Alkynes with a Cyclobutene‐1,2‐diylbis(imidazolium) Salt as Catalyst Precursor.
Authors: Rahimi Alireza , Schmidt Andreas
Published: October 2010

Dibromoalkenes, prepared from aldehydes under Corey—Fuchs conditions, undergo a tandem process in one pot to give the desired alkyne products within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Large‐Scale Preparation of Aromatic Fluorides via Electrophilic Fluorination with Functionalized Aryl‐ or Heteroarylmagnesium Reagents.
Authors: Yamada Shigeyuki , Knochel Paul
Published: October 2010

Grignard reagents, prepared either by halogen—magnesium exchange or direct magnesium insertion in the presence of LiCl, are treated with N‐fluorobenzenesulfonamide to afford the corresponding aromatic fluorides.
ChemInform Abstract: Mesoporous Aluminosilicate Catalyzed Sakurai Allylation and Mukaiyama Aldol Reaction of Acetals.
Authors: Ito Suguru , Hayashi Akira , Komai Hirotomo , Kubota Yoshihiro , Asami Masatoshi
Published: October 2010

Allyltrimethylsilane (II) and silyl enol ether (X) react with acetals and cyclohexanone dimethylketal in the presence of Al‐MCM‐41 under mild conditions to produce homoallyl ethers and β‐methoxy ketones, respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Effective Cleavage of Ditertiary Glycols via Vanadium(V)‐Catalyzed Aerobic Oxidation.
Authors: Kirihara Masayuki , Yoshida Katsumi , Noguchi Takuya , Naito Sayuri , Matsumoto Nobuchika , Ema Yukinori , Torii Motoya , Ishizuka Yuki , Souta Ikuo
Published: October 2010

The optimized conditions allow a clean oxidative cleavage in the case of (relatively) simple glycol substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: A New and Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Aldehydes to Carboxylic Acids with Singlet Oxygen in the Presence of Porphyrin Sensitizers and Visible Light.
Authors: Hajimohammadi Mahdi , Safari Nasser , Mofakham Hamid , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: October 2010

The reaction is tested in the presence of different tetraaryl porphyrins and analogous Zn complexes and TMP is found to be the most effective promoter.
ChemInform Abstract: PdII‐Catalyzed Oxidative 1,1‐Diarylation of Terminal Olefins.
Authors: Werner Erik W. , Urkalan Kaveri B. , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: October 2010

The reaction is tolerant to a variety of functionalities and proceeds with complete retention of the optical purity, when a chiral substrate is applied [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Triazole‐Functionalized N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes of Palladium and Platinum and Efficient Aqueous Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Gu Shaojin , Xu Hui , Zhang Na , Chen Wanzhi
Published: October 2010

A series of N‐heterocyclic carbene platinum or palladium complexes are synthesized using the click chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Functionalized Bisarylacetylene Derivatives from Acetylene Gas over Nanosized Carbon Ball Supported Palladium Catalyst.
Authors: Yum Eul Kgun , Son Jong Woo , Kim Soo Kwang , Kim Sung Nam , Kim Kyung Mahn , Lee Chul Wee
Published: October 2010

A variety of the title compounds (III) is obtained under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Regioselective Synthesis of trans‐1‐Arenesulfonyl‐2‐ethoxycarbonyl‐3‐phenylazetidines.
Authors: Malik Sarika , Nadir Upender K. , Pandey Pramod S.
Published: October 2010

The ring expansion reaction of aziridines (I) and (V), respectively by ylides (II) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: Desymmetrization in the Furan—Yne Reaction.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Woelfle Michael , Ata Filiz , Frey Wolfgang , Rominger Frank
Published: October 2010

The reaction of diketones (I) with Grignard reagent (II) affords a mixture of anti‐ and syn‐homoproparyglic diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Directed Lithiation of N‐Benzenesulfonyl‐3‐bromopyrrole. Electrophile‐Controlled Regioselective Functionalization via Dynamic Equilibrium Between C‐2 and C‐5 Lithio Species.
Authors: Fukuda Tsutomu , Ohta Takeshi , Sudo Ei‐ichi , Iwao Masatomo
Published: October 2010

The formation of the 2‐ or 5‐substituted pyrroles is determined by a nature of the electrophiles used and in some cases the temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of cis‐3,4‐Diaryl α‐Methylene‐γ‐butyrolactams via Sonochemical Barbier‐Type Reaction.
Authors: Lee Adam Shih‐Yuan , Chang Yu‐Ting
Published: October 2010

The process is optimal if N‐tosylimines are used to give the title compounds selectively in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Quadruple Aminocatalytic Domino Reactions to Fused Carbocycles Incorporating a Spirooxindole Motif.
Authors: Jiang Kun , Jia Zhi‐Jun , Yin Xiang , Wu Li , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: October 2010

A three‐component, domino Michael—Michael—Michael—aldol process of the indole‐derived substrates of the type (I) with two identical or different molecules of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes under quadruple iminium/enamine/iminium/enamine catalysis affords a variety of the enantiomerically pure hydroindane derivatives, bearing six contiguous stereocenters and a spirooxindole motif with complete diastereoselectivities [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine‐Mediated Synthesis of 3H‐Indoles via Intramolecular Cyclization of Enamines.
Authors: He Zhiheng , Li Huanrong , Li Zhiping
Published: October 2010

It provides a general and efficient method to prepare 3H‐indoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Carbonate Synthesis under Mild Conditions Through Cycloaddition of Carbon Dioxide to Oxiranes Using a Zn(salphen) Catalyst.
Authors: Decortes Antonello , Martinez Belmonte Marta , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Kleij Arjan W.
Published: October 2010

Monosubstituted oxiranes are suitable substrates for the process.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric 6π‐Electrocyclization: Accessing Highly Substituted Optically Active 2‐Pyrazolines via Diastereoselective Alkylations.
Authors: Mueller Steffen , List Benjamin
Published: October 2010

The chiral phosphinic acid BPN catalyzes the 6π‐electrocyclization of hydrazones to give 2‐pyrazolines in high yield and generally good to excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 1,3‐Diaryl‐Substituted Indazoles Utilizing a Suzuki Cross‐Coupling/Deprotection/N‐Arylation Sequence.
Authors: Salovich James M. , Lindsley Craig W. , Hopkins Corey R.
Published: October 2010

Substrate (I) is highly suitable for the title sequence which affords a broad spectrum of target compounds.