bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catalyst‐free Chloroamination Cyclization Cascade with Sodium Hypochlorite: from N‐(Pentenyl)sulfonylamides to 2‐(1‐Chloromethyl)pyrrolidines
Authors: Scarfiello Jacopo , Rusconi Marco , Lanfranco Alberto , Azzi Emanuele , Caracciolo Stefano , Ghigo Giovanni , Renzi Polyssena , Deagostino Annamaria
Published: April 2024

A mild and catalyst‐free protocol to obtain several 2‐chloromethylpyrrolidines by the use of a commercial solution of sodium hypochlorite is here reported, without the need for a light source. The choice of the solvent revealed to be crucial in the success of the reaction. Mechanistic studies, both experimental and computational, confirmed a radical mechanism, where the deprotonation step, followed by the oxidation of a N‐centered anion to the corresponding radical, allowed 2‐chloromethylpyrrolidines, by a very fast cyclization, to be obtained. Sodium hypochlorite plays the role of both the oxidant and the chlorine source.
Structure‐Activity Relationships of Glucose‐based PdII‐Bis(NHC) Complexes in a Model Suzuki‐Miyaura Reaction
Authors: Ziems Hannes , Komabayashi Mirai , Lehmann Paul , Villinger Alexander , Jopp Stefan
Published: April 2024

The authors of this work have optimized a novel synthetic route towards glucose‐based PdII‐bis(NHC) complexes in only 4 steps with total yields up to 73 %. The synthesis route encompasses an Appel reaction towards 6‐iodo‐glucopyranosides, followed by acyl‐protection, then quaternization with imidazoles and finally the conversion of these acyl‐protected glucosyl imidazolium salts to their respective palladium(II)bis(NHC) complexes, via an intermediary silver(I) complex. Overall, 11 acyl‐protected glucosyl imidazolium iodides as NHC‐precursors and 15 complexes have been synthesized. The structure‐activity relationships of different functionalizations in these complexes and their reactivity in a model Suzuki‐Miyaura between bromobenzene and 4‐tolueneboronic acid reaction has been investigated, and a highly reactive complex leading to >99 % yield at 0.005 mol% catalytic loading has been found.
Improving predictions of critical shear stress in gravel bed rivers: Identifying the onset of sediment transport and quantifying sediment structure
Authors: Hodge Rebecca A. , Voepel Hal E. , Yager Elowyn M. , Leyland Julian , Johnson Joel P. L. , Sear David A. , Ahmed Sharif
Published: April 2024

Understanding when gravel moves in river beds is essential for a range of different applications but is still surprisingly hard to predict. Here we consider how our ability to predict critical shear stress (τc) is being improved by recent advances in two areas: (1) identifying the onset of bedload transport; and (2) quantifying grain‐scale gravel bed structure. This paper addresses these areas through both an in‐depth review and a comparison of new datasets of gravel structure collected using three different methods. We focus on advances in these two areas because of the need to understand how the conditions for sediment entrainment vary spatially and temporally, and because spatial and temporal changes in grain‐scale structure are likely to be a major driver of changes in τc. We use data collected from a small gravel‐bed stream using direct field‐based measurements, terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) and computed tomography (CT) scanning, which is the first time that these methods have been directly compared. Using each method, we measure structure‐relevant metrics including grain size distribution, grain protrusion and fine matrix content. We find that all three methods produce consistent measures of grain size, but that there is less agreement between measurements of grain protrusion and fine matrix content.
Acute Toxicity of the Lampricide 4-Nitro-3-(trifluoromethyl)phenol to the Mussel (Obovaria subrotunda), Its Host (Percina maculata), and a Surrogate Mussel Species (Obovaria olivaria)
Authors: Newton Teresa J. , Schloesser Nicholas A. , Kaye Cheryl A. , Andresen Chad K. , Boogaard Michael A. , Carter Christina M. , Ellingson Ryan J. , Kirkeeng Courtney A. , Schueller Justin R.
Published: April 2024

The risk of lampricide applications (such as 4-nitro-3-[trifluoromethyl]phenol [TFM]) to nontarget fauna continues to be a concern within the Great Lakes Fishery Commission Sea Lamprey Control Program, especially among imperiled aquatic species—such as native freshwater mussels. The Grand River (Ohio, USA) is routinely treated for larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marinus), and this river contains populations of the federally threatened mussel Obovaria subrotunda. Given this spatial overlap, information on the sensitivity of O. subrotunda to TFM is needed. Our objectives were to assess the toxicity of TFM to (1) adult Obovaria olivaria (a surrogate for O. subrotunda), (2) glochidial larvae of O. olivaria and O. subrotunda, (3) juveniles of O. olivaria and O. subrotunda, and (4) adult Percina maculata (host for O. subrotunda glochidia). In acute toxicity tests, TFM was not toxic to glochidia and adult mussels at exposure concentrations that exceed typical treatment rates. Although significant dose–response relationships were observed in hosts and juveniles, survival was ≥95% (Percina maculata), ≥93% (O. olivaria), and ≥74% (O. subrotunda) at typical treatment rates. However, the steep slope of these dose–response relationships indicates that an approximately 20% difference in the treatment level can result in nearly an order of magnitude difference in survival. Collectively, these data indicate that routine sea lamprey control operations are unlikely to acutely affect these species or their host. However, given that many mussel species are long-lived (30–100 years), the risks posed by lampricide treatments in the Great Lakes would be further informed by research on the potential long-term effects of lampricides on imperiled species. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:1423–1430. Published 2024. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Performance of spray‐dried Ziziphus jujuba extract using insoluble fraction of Persian gum–sodium alginate and whey protein: Microstructural and physicochemical attributes of micro‐ and nano‐capsules
Authors: Khoshdouni Farahani Zahra , Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi Mohamad , Seyedain Ardebili Mahdi , Mohammadi Nafchi Abdorreza , Paidssari Saeed
Published: April 2024

The study focused on the impact of the insoluble fraction of Persian gum–sodium alginate and a blend of the insoluble fraction of Persian gum–sodium alginate (IFPG‐Al) with whey protein isolate (WPI) on sprayed Ziziphus jujuba extract (JE) powder. The addition of whey protein led to powders with higher moisture (10%), higher solubility (99.19%), and lower powder yield (27.82%). The powders fabricated with WPI depicted the best protection of polyphenolic compounds (3933.4 mg/L) and the highest encapsulation efficiency activity (74.84%). Additionally, they had a higher Tg (62.63°C), which indicates more stability of the powders during shelf life. The sphericity of the majority of the particles was noticeable in powders, but multi‐sided concavities were visible in the protein‐containing particles. Based on the particle size's results, IFPG‐Al/WPI capsules fabricated relatively smaller particles (2.54 μm). It can be acknowledged that the presence of protein in particles can bring fruitful results by preserving valuable bioactive compounds.
The impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on reproductive intentions and contraceptive use among females in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abualsaud Renad M. , Aldhubabian Nouf Ahmad , Alharthi Abdulaziz Matar , Alzahrani Maha Ahmed , Balto Ghadah Emadaldeen , Malak Mohammed M.
Published: April 2024

Objective

Pandemics have affected many people's social and emotional lives. Conception planning, contraceptive usage, and pregnancy intentions are activities with minimal research. This study is the first to evaluate how the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced reproductive plans and contraceptive use among women during the pandemic in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, in 2022.

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted by sending an online questionnaire to married women from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included demographics, personal obstetrics information, changes in pregnancy intentions owing to the COVID‐19 pandemic, and questions about contraceptive usage. Qualitative data were presented as frequencies, and a χ2 test was performed to determine the relationships among the variables.

Results

A total of 639 women enrolled in the study; most participants were 25–34 years old, and most indicated they changed their reproductive intentions during the pandemic (49%). Family planning accounted for 25.8% of participants who changed their reproductive intentions. Only 17.5% changed their choices because of fear of the COVID‐19 impact. The percentage of women using contraception was significantly reduced during the lockdown, to 36.8%. Oral contraceptive pills were the most frequently used method during the curfew period (17.5%).

Conclusion

The COVID‐19 lockdown affected the reproductive intentions of most women in Jeddah, and it significantly reduced contraceptive use.
Exploring barriers, drivers, and routines of dynamic capabilities in Indonesian digital banking transformation: A qualitative study based on the TOE framework
Authors: Abdurrahman Abdurrahman , Gustomo Aurik , Prasetio Eko Agus
Published: April 2024

This study is rooted in the necessity to gain a thorough comprehension of organizational capabilities essential for embedding dynamic capabilities (DC) according to the technology‐organization‐environment (TOE) within the landscape of digital transformation (DT). We have observed a surge in recent research focused on DC in the context of DT, however, there is still ample room for exploration to address the complex barriers, drivers, and routines associated with each DC capability, all crucial for achieving successful DT. Our approach employs a qualitative study involving interviews with 18 banking professionals based in Indonesia. Our study's findings have identified six DCs based on the TOE framework that can be effectively employed to facilitate successful DT including the technology capability for the technology dimension, strategy, organizational, and innovation capability for the environment perspective, and environment factor consisting of ecosystem and governance‐risk management‐ compliance (GRC). Delving into these six capabilities, we have explored the barriers, drivers, and routines linked with each. Additionally, our study has facilitated the alignment of DT benefits with expected performance outcomes, thus empowering companies to prioritize DT initiatives in alignment with their performance objectives. From a theoretical standpoint, this research contributes by offering an extensive comprehension of the factors and routines intrinsic to DC based on the TOE framework within the context of DT. From a managerial perspective, it provides guidance to companies as they navigate the realm of DT through a comprehensive lens focused on the DC.
Language and reading in attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder + developmental language disorder
Authors: Parks Kaitlyn M. A. , Cardy Janis Oram , Joanisse Marc F.
Published: April 2024

Background

The current study sought to examine whether psycholinguistic assessments could discriminate children and adolescents with developmental language disorder (DLD) from those with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; combined or inattentive subtype) and comorbid DLD + ADHD.

Methods

The Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals—Screening Test (CELFST; Wiig et al., 2013), the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing (nonword repetition subtest; Wagner et al., 2013), and the Test of Word Reading Efficiency (sight word and phonemic decoding subtests; Torgesen et al., 2012) were examined in 441 children and adolescents between 6 and 16 years of age.

Results

The presence of a language disorder (with or without ADHD) predicted poor performance across tasks. Children and adolescents with ADHD (combined vs. inattentive) only significantly differed in sight word reading, in favor of those with combined type. Measures of reading efficiency could distinguish between the two types of ADHD, but not between other groups. Interestingly, scores on the standard language screener were no worse for children with ADHD + DLD than children with DLD only.

Conclusions

The combination of comorbid ADHD + DLD did not appear to be associated with lower language abilities, sight word reading, or phonemic decoding relative to DLD alone. Reading efficiency was effective in discriminating between ADHD subtypes. These findings offer valuable insights into differential diagnosis and the identification of comorbidity.
Evaluating a method of creating artificial caries in typodont teeth for teaching Class III cavity preparations
Authors: Park Kidon , Asnashari Kasra , Younan Reema , Becker Ryan , Roggenkamp Clyde , Oyoyo Udochukwu , Kwon So Ran
Published: April 2024

Objectives

The purpose of the study was to report a step‐by‐step process of creating artificial caries typodont teeth and to determine the perception and efficacy of their use in preclinical operative training.

Methods

Artificial caries material comprised of commercially available hide glue and chocolate powder for more realistic coloring was embedded into the distolingual of #9 ModuPRO plastic typodont teeth. First‐year dental students having no clinical experience in excavating Class III cavity preparations were divided into two groups. Group BA prepared conventional typodont teeth (CTT) first, then artificial caries typodont teeth. Group AB prepared the ACT first, then CTT. The preps were scored employing a rubric used in the operative dentistry course class. A feedback questionnaire was conducted to rate students’ satisfaction regarding the use of ACT and CTT. The Mann–Whitney U‐test was used to compare the scores between groups ACT–CTT and CTT–ACT and the Chi‐Square test was used to evaluate the positive and negative questionnaire responses.

Results

The two groups showed no significant difference in grades and no significant changes in their scores regardless of which order they prepped the teeth (P > 0.05). The questionnaire heavily favored the use of artificial caries typodont teeth (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

The artificial caries typodont teeth protocol described in this study was feasible when implemented at the preclinical laboratory instruction level with positive questionnaire feedback from dental students.
Complexity of trophic relationships between Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and Eucypris mareotica (Ostracoda) in a hypersaline lake
Authors: Shadrin Nickolai , Yakovenko Vladimir , Anufriieva Elena
Published: April 2024

In the hypersaline lakes of Crimea, only 5–7 species of animals are common including Gammarus aequicauda (Amphipoda) and Eucypris mareotica (Ostracoda). Two experiments were carried out to characterize the trophic interactions between these species. In one, G. aequicauda were used freshly caught from the lake, and in the other, after they were starved for 2.5 days in the laboratory. The experimental options were one male or female G. aequicauda and either 10, 20, or 30 ostracods. The gammarids actively fed on the ostracods, and significant differences were between females and males. The feeding intensity of males was higher than that of females. However, ostracods are not passive prey, they can actively attack their predator and are capable of causing them harm. Ostracods attacked a Gammarus only if it had captured one of the ostracods. Sex differences in G. aequicauda were also evident in the reaction to the group's aggressive behavior of ostracods. Interactions between Ostracoda and Gammarids cannot be considered unidirectional; they both may be prey or predators depending on the situation.
The effect of early weight‐bearing and later weight‐bearing rehabilitation interventions on outcomes after ankle fracture surgery: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Chen Bocheng , Ye Ziyan , Wu Jiaxin , Wang Guoxiang , Yu Tiancheng
Published: April 2024

Objective

This systematic review aimed to analyse the effect of early weight bearing versus late weight bearing on rehabilitation outcomes after ankle fractures, which primarily include ankle function scores, time to return to work/daily life and complication rates.

Methods

The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, China Science and Technology Journal, Web of Science, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched. The focus was on identifying randomised controlled trials centred on early weight‐bearing interventions for post‐operative ankle fracture rehabilitation. All databases were searched for eligible studies published within the period from database inception to 20 June 2023. The eligible studies were screened according to the inclusion criteria. Study quality was evaluated using the methodology recommended by the Cochrane Handbook for the Systematic Evaluation of Interventions. Two authors independently performed the literature search and data extraction. Eligible studies were subjected to meta‐analyses using Review Manager 5.3. Based on the time points at which post‐operative ankle function was reported in the studies included in this paper, we decided to perform a meta‐analysis of ankle function scores at 6 weeks post‐operatively, 12 weeks post‐operatively, 24–26 weeks post‐operatively and 1 year post‐operatively.

Results

A total of 11 papers, comprising 862 patients, were included. Meta‐analysis indicated that patients receiving early weight‐bearing interventions, which referred to weight‐bearing for 6 weeks post‐operatively, experienced enhancements in ankle function scores (Olerud–Molander score, AOFAS score or Baird–Jackson score) at various post‐operative milestones: 6 weeks (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.49–0.88 and p < 0.01), 12 weeks (SMD = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.22–0.92 and p < 0.01) and the 24–26 weeks range (SMD = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.20–0.85 and p < 0.01). The results of subgroup analyses revealed that the effects of early weight‐bearing interventions were influenced by ankle range‐of‐motion exercises. Additionally, early weight bearing allows patients to return to daily life and work earlier, which was evaluated by time when they resumed their preinjury activities (MD = −2.74, 95% CI: −3.46 to −2.02 and p < 0.01), with no distinct elevation in the incidence of complications (RR = 1.49, 95% CI: 0.85–2.61 and p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The results showed that early weight bearing is effective in improving ankle function among post‐operative ankle fracture patients and allows patients to return to daily life earlier. Significantly, the safety profile of early weight bearing remains favourable, with no higher risk of complications than late weight bearing.
Work‐life balance and withdrawal behaviors among knowledge workforce: High performance work system comes into play for managing boundaries
Authors: Mathur Garima , Gulati Chanda , Sankpal Shilpa , Kee Daisy Mui Hung
Published: April 2024

In the wake of a turbulent era over the past 3 years, characterized by the unprecedented challenges posed by the COVID‐19 pandemic, individuals have found themselves contending with the intersection of professional and personal responsibilities. The pursuit of luxury has given way to a collective nightmare, as work and family demands converged, each equally relentless and significant. Our paper focuses on the experiences of individuals who confronted and triumphed over these challenges. A sample of 368 professionals, predominantly working from home, was examined to explore the impact of high performance work systems and boundary management in a post‐pandemic landscape marked by blurred boundaries. Our findings support the notion that effective boundary management, encompassing the management of non‐work intruding on work and work encroaching on non‐work, significantly influences withdrawal behaviors. Our study reveals the importance of organizations fostering work practices that empower employees with the IT skills to navigate virtual technologies seamlessly. By doing so, organizations can enhance work‐life balance and mitigate withdrawal behaviors among their workforces.
Next generation personalized display systems employing adaptive dynamic‐range compression techniques to address diversity in individual circadian visual features
Authors: Ohtsuka Sakuichi , Iwaida Saki , Orita Yuichiro , Hira Shoko , Kashima Masayuki
Published: April 2024

Perceptually natural standard‐dynamic‐range (SDR) images reproduced under normal viewing conditions should retain enough information for the human observer to estimate the time at which the actual high‐dynamic‐range (HDR) scene was captured without recourse to artificial information. Currently, both global‐ and local‐tone mapping operators (TMOs) seem to have comparable levels of performance. Therefore, we first consider the constraints created in the actual human visual system by eye movement, and buttress a hypothesis with a demonstration. We briefly review the imperceptible illuminance effects yielded by the personal circadian clock suggested by chronophysiological research and other related effects, because our previous study suggested that the characteristics of the human visual system dynamically varies depending on the individual's circadian pattern. Finally, we conduct two psychophysical experiments based on the hypothesis that the human visual system employs several global TMOs at the first stage for information compression that depend on individual‐circadian‐visual‐features (ICVF). The results suggest that (1) no participant can perceive actual‐capture‐time (ACT) and (2) sensitive observers can discriminate reproduced images based on virtual‐shooting‐time (VST) effects induced by different types of global TMOs. We also discover that the VST‐based discrimination differs widely among people, but most are unaware of this effect as evidenced by daily conversations.
Ultrasound Assessment of Psoriatic Arthritis Patients With Clinically Normal Nails and Evaluation of its Correlation With the Disease Activity
Authors: Mahmoud Ines , Rouached Leila , Rahmouni Safa , Ben Dhia Siwar , Ben Tekaya Aicha , Bouden Selma , Tekaya Rawdha , Hamdi Wafa , Saidane Olfa , Abdelmoula Leila
Published: April 2024

Objectives

Nail unit is one of the targets of ultrasound (US) assessment. We aimed to compare ultrasound parameters of clinically normal nail unit in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) patients with healthy controls (HC) and evaluate their correlations with disease activity.

Methods

This was a cross‐sectional study including patients with PsA and matched HC. Tender (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC), Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI), and Disease Activity in Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA) were collected in PsA patients.

Patients underwent US assessment of fingernails with a study of morphological changes and measurement of the thickness of nail bed (NBT), nail plate (NPT), and adjacent skin (ST). Correlation between nail unit parameters and disease activity was studied.

Results

We evaluated 22 PsA patients (219 nails) and 21 HC (210 nails). Mean DAPSA was 21.56 ± 14.36 and mean PASI was 2.19 ± 3.8.

PsA patients had more US morphological changes than HC (16.89 vs 3.33%, P = .03). NPT comparison between identical fingernails of PsA and HC did not reveal significant difference. However, NBT was significantly higher in HC (1.77 vs 2.07 mm, P = .027) as well as ST (2.26 vs 2.59 mm, P = .003).

TJC and ST were positively correlated (r = .46, P = .03). No correlation was noted between disease activity scores and NPT, NBT, or ST in PsA patients. In biologic parameters, ESR was negatively correlated with ST (r = −.41, P = .05).

Conclusions

Nail bed and adjacent skin US morphological changes were contributive to distinguish psoriatic from healthy nails. Adjacent skin thickness measurement was positively correlated with TJC and ESR, suggesting that it could be used as an indicator of disease activity in PsA.
Gradually Self‐Strengthen DNA Supramolecular Hydrogels
Authors: Du Xiuji , Xing Yongzheng , Li Yujie , Cao Muqing , Wu Jun , Dong Guizhi , Shi Ziwei , Wei Xunan , Qiu Miaomiao , Gao Junjie , Xu Yun , Xu Huaping , Liu Dongsheng , Dong Yuanchen
Published: April 2024

The dynamic mechanical strength of the extracellular matrix (ECM) has been demonstrated to play important role in determining the cell behavior. Growing evidences suggest that the gradual stiffening process of the matrix is particularly decisive during tissue development and wound healing. Herein, a novel strategy to prepare hydrogels with gradually enhanced mechanical strength is provided. Such hydrogels could maintain the dynamic properties at their initial states, such as self‐healing and shear‐thinning properties. With subsequent slow covalent crosslinking, the stability and mechanical properties would be gradually improved. This method is useful for sequence programmability and oxidation strategies, which has provided an alternated tool to study cell behavior during dynamic increase in mechanical strength of ECM.
Pharmacological characterization of allosteric modulators: A case for chemokine receptors
Authors: den Hollander Lisa S. , IJzerman Adriaan P. , Heitman Laura H.
Published: April 2024

Chemokine receptors are relevant targets for a multitude of immunological diseases, but drug attrition for these receptors is remarkably high. While many drug discovery programs have been pursued, most prospective drugs failed in the follow‐up studies due to clinical inefficacy, and hence there is a clear need for alternative approaches. Allosteric modulators of receptor function represent an excellent opportunity for novel drugs, as they modulate receptor activation in a controlled manner and display increased selectivity, and their pharmacological profile can be insurmountable. Here, we discuss allosteric ligands and their pharmacological characterization for modulation of chemokine receptors. Ligands are included if (1) they show clear signs of allosteric modulation in vitro and (2) display evidence of binding in a topologically distinct manner compared to endogenous chemokines. We discuss how allosteric ligands affect binding of orthosteric (endogenous) ligands in terms of affinity as well as binding kinetics in radioligand binding assays. Moreover, their effects on signaling events in functional assays and how their binding site can be elucidated are specified. We substantiate this with examples of published allosteric ligands targeting chemokine receptors and hypothetical graphs of pharmacological behavior. This review should serve as an effective starting point for setting up assays for characterizing allosteric ligands to develop safer and more efficacious drugs for chemokine receptors and, ultimately, other G protein‐coupled receptors.
Association of a genetic variant in angiopoietin‐like 3 with serum HDL‐C and risk of cardiovascular disease: A study of the MASHAD cohort over 6 years
Authors: Aghasizadeh Malihe , Ahmadi Hoseini Asieh , Sahebi Reza , Kazemi Tooba , Asadiyan‐Sohan Parisa , Esmaily Habibollah , Samadi Sara , Avan Amir , Ferns Gordon A. , Khosravi Saeede , Ghazizadeh Hamideh , Miri‐Moghaddam Ebrahim , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid
Published: April 2024

Background

Loss‐of‐function (LOF) variants of the angiopoietin‐like 3 (ANGPTL3) gene are reported to be associated with serum triglyceride (TG) and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) concentrations and thereby affect the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Objective

In the present study, we examined the association of rs10789117 in the ANGPTL 3 gene locus and the risk of CVD in the group of people who were part of the Mashhad‐Stroke and Heart‐Atherosclerotic‐Disorders (MASHAD) cohort.

Methods

One thousand and two healthy individuals enrolled in this study of whom 849 subjects were healthy and 153 subjects developed CVD outcomes after 6 years of follow‐up. After a 12‐h overnight fasting, 20 mL of blood samples were collected for the measurement of fasting blood glucose and lipid profile. DNA was extracted, and the Tetra‐ARMS PCR (amplification refractory mutation system) was used for genotyping of rs10789117 in the ANGPTL3 gene. The genotype frequencies of the variant of rs10789117 in the ANGPTL3 gene were estimated using χ2 tests. Eventually, the statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 20.

Results

Individuals with AC/CC genotypes (rs10789117) were found to have to greater risk of CVD events compared to AA genotype (OR = 1.43, 95%CI = 1.01–2.02, p = 0.041). There was a 1.3‐fold increase in cardiovascular events in individuals carrying the C allele of rs10789117 variant compared to non‐carriers (OR = 1.32, 95%CI = 1.06–1.72, p value = 0.038). There were significant differences between different genotypes for serum triglyceride levels within the control group, but this difference was not significant in the group with CVD. Moreover, there was a significant association between CC genotype and CVD risk in the individuals with a normal serum HDL‐C.

Conclusion

We have found that a rs10789117 C>A in ANGPTL3 gene polymorphism was associated with incident CVD events, and this may be of value as a risk stratification biomarker in CVD in the Iranian population.
A novel differential‐fed frequency beam scanning antenna with low sidelobe
Authors: Zhao Dan , Chu Hui , Li Jingkai , Li Peng
Published: April 2024

In this letter, a novel differential‐fed frequency beam‐scanning antenna is introduced. This differential structure is achieved by leveraging quasi‐Yagi radiating elements within a four‐layered geometry. Within this configuration, the element is excited by a pair of out‐of‐phase slow‐wave meander lines, through which differential signals are transmitted. These lines can be seamlessly integrated with other differential circuits. To ensure robust coupling, a broadside coupling structure is incorporated between adjacent layers. To corroborate theoretical insights, a prototype was constructed and tested. Measurements have shown that the primary beam can be scanned from −33.5° to +32.6° on a lateral plane, covering an operational frequency band of 9–11 GHz. Throughout this frequency range, a consistent peak gain of approximately 16.4 dBi is observed for the antenna.
A prospective study to assess the effectiveness and safety of the BlueWind System in the treatment of patients diagnosed with urgency urinary incontinence
Authors: Heesakkers John P. F. A. , Toozs‐Hobson Philip , Sutherland Suzette E. , Digesu Alex , Amundsen Cindy L. , McCrery Rebecca J. , De Wachter Stefan , Kean Emily R. , Martens Frank , Benson Kevin , Ferrante Kimberly L. , Cline Kevin J. , Padron Osvaldo F. , Giusto Laura , Lane Felicia L. , Dmochowski Roger R.
Published: April 2024

Background

Overactive bladder (OAB) affects one in six adults in Europe and the United States and impairs the quality of life of millions of individuals worldwide. When conservative management fails, third‐line treatments including tibial neuromodulation (TNM) is often pursued. TNM has traditionally been accomplished percutaneously in clinic.

Objective

A minimally invasive implantable device activated by a battery‐operated external wearable unit has been developed for the treatment of urgency urinary incontinence (UUI), mitigating the burden of frequent clinic visits and more invasive therapies that are currently commercially available.

Methods

A prospective, multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label, pivotal study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of the device in adult females with UUI (i.e., wet OAB) (BlueWind Implantable Tibial Neuromodulation [iTNM] system; IDE number #G200013; NCT03596671). Results with the device were previously published under the name RENOVA iStim, which has been since renamed as the Revi™ System. Approximately 1‐month post‐implantation of the device, participants delivered therapy at their convenience and completed a 7‐day voiding diary before visits 6‐ and 12‐months post‐treatment initiation. The primary efficacy and safety endpoints were the proportion of responders to therapy ( ≥ 50% improvement on average number of urgency‐related incontinence episodes) and incidence of adverse events from implantation to 12‐month post‐activation.

Results

A total of 151 participants, mean age 58.8 (SD: 12.5), were implanted; 144 and 140 completed the 6‐ and 12‐month visits, respectively. The participants demonstrated mean baseline of 4.8 UUI/day (SD 2.9) and 10 voids/day (SD 3.3). Six and 12‐months post‐activation, 76.4% and 78.4% of participants, respectively, were responders to therapy in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. Of the 139 participants with completed 12‐month diaries, 82% were responders, 50% were classified as “dry” (on at least 3 consecutive diary days), and 93.5% of participants reported that their symptoms improved. No implanted participant experienced an SAE related to the procedure or device.

Conclusions

iTNM, delivered and powered by a patient‐controlled external wearable communicating with an implant, demonstrated clinically meaningful and statistically significant improvement in UUI symptoms and a high safety profile. This therapy highlights the value of patient‐centric therapy for the treatment of UUI.
Primal‐dual active set algorithm for valuating American options under regime switching
Authors: Song Haiming , Xu Jingbo , Yang Jinda , Li Yutian
Published: April 2024

This paper focuses on numerical algorithms to value American options under regime switching. The prices of such options satisfy a set of complementary parabolic problems on an unbounded domain. Based on our previous experience, the pricing model could be truncated into a linear complementarity problem (LCP) over a bounded domain. In addition, we transform the resulting LCP into an equivalent variational problem (VP), and discretize the VP by an Euler‐finite element method. Since the variational matrix in the discretized system is P‐matrix, a primal‐dual active set (PDAS) algorithm is proposed to evaluate the option prices efficiently. As a specialty of PDAS, the optimal exercise boundaries in all regimes are obtained without further computation cost. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out to test the performance of our proposed algorithm and compare it to existing methods.
Exploration of a somatosensory interactive assessment tool for children with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Lu Feng , Li Panpan , Zeng Fanlin
Published: April 2024

Based on the functional assessment concept and embodied assessment requirements, the present study aimed to design and develop an assessment tool for children with intellectual disabilities with the help of somatosensory interactive (SI) technology. The sample in this study consisted of 73 children with intellectual disabilities and 70 children with typical development. Data were collected through three SI tasks, four traditional executive function tasks, and user experience interviews to analyse the effectiveness of the SI assessment tool. The results showed that the SI assessment tool had good scale validity, discriminant validity, and the ability to identify intellectual disabilities. Children preferred SI tasks and showed higher involvement and more positive emotions. The SI tool with three SI tasks is a more scientific, effective, and advanced tool for assessing children with intellectual disabilities.
Artificial intelligence‐based diagnosis in fetal pathology using external ear shapes
Authors: Hennocq Quentin , Garcelon Nicolas , Bongibault Thomas , Bouygues Thomas , Marlin Sandrine , Amiel Jeanne , Boutaud Lucile , Douillet Maxime , Lyonnet Stanislas , Pingault Vèronique , Picard Arnaud , Rio Marlèe , Attie‐Bitach Tania , Khonsari Roman H. , Roux Nathalie
Published: April 2024

Objective

Here we trained an automatic phenotype assessment tool to recognize syndromic ears in two syndromes in fetuses—=CHARGE and Mandibulo‐Facial Dysostosis Guion Almeida type (MFDGA)—versus controls.

Method

We trained an automatic model on all profile pictures of children diagnosed with genetically confirmed MFDGA and CHARGE syndromes, and a cohort of control patients, collected from 1981 to 2023 in Necker Hospital (Paris) with a visible external ear. The model consisted in extracting landmarks from photographs of external ears, in applying geometric morphometry methods, and in a classification step using machine learning. The approach was then tested on photographs of two groups of fetuses: controls and fetuses with CHARGE and MFDGA syndromes.

Results

The training set contained a total of 1489 ear photographs from 526 children. The validation set contained a total of 51 ear photographs from 51 fetuses. The overall accuracy was 72.6% (58.3%–84.1%, p < 0.001), and 76.4%, 74.9%, and 86.2% respectively for CHARGE, control and MFDGA fetuses. The area under the curves were 86.8%, 87.5%, and 90.3% respectively for CHARGE, controls, and MFDGA fetuses.

Conclusion

We report the first automatic fetal ear phenotyping model, with satisfactory classification performances. Further validations are required before using this approach as a diagnostic tool.
Nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide/Fe2O3 hybrid as efficient catalyst for ammonium nitrate
Authors: Nourine Manel , Boulkadid Moulai Karim , Touidjine Sabri , Louafi Elamine , Akbi Hamdane , Abdelali Hamoud , Yahia Zakaria Moulay , Belkhiri Samir
Published: April 2024

In this investigation, we successfully synthesized a hybrid material, N‐rGO@Fe2O3, via a one‐step hydrothermal process, comprising nitrogen‐doped reduced graphene oxide and α‐Fe2O3. Thorough characterization using diverse analytical methods validated its structure. Employing this hybrid composite as a catalyst, we studied its efficacy in the catalytic thermal decomposition of ammonium nitrate (AN). The N‐rGO@Fe2O3/AN composite was prepared using a recurrent spray coating method with 3 % mass of the hybrid material. Thermo‐gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses were employed to investigate the catalytic effect. Computational assessment of Arrhenius parameters was conducted through isoconversional kinetic approaches. Results from the kinetic analysis allowed the determination of the critical ignition temperature. Furthermore, calorific values for pure AN and N‐rGO@Fe2O3/AN were measured using an oxygen calorimetric bombe, revealing a 41 % reduction in activation energy barrier and a lowering of the critical ignition temperature from 292 °C to 283 °C upon incorporation of the hybrid material. Notably, the surface modification of AN with N‐rGO@Fe2O3 resulted in an increase of 1440 J/g in the observed calorific values. These findings highlight the potential of N‐rGO@Fe2O3 as an effective catalyst, offering promising implications for applications in enhancing ammonium nitrate thermal decomposition.
Elaboration and Characterization of CdS Nanostructures Using Pulse‐Assisted Electrodeposition: Effect of Time‐Off Duration
Authors: Lahmar Hala , Kara Rania , Hamza Djamel A. , Cherifi Achref
Published: April 2024

The presence of metallic cadmium in the electrodeposited cadmium sulfide (CdS) films is a persistent problem that leads to low photoactivity. Changing the deposition mode is a way to address this problem and thus increase the photoelectrochemical performance. Herein, the effect of the deposition mode on the composition of the CdS films prepared under the same deposition parameters is investigated for the first time. In addition, the influence of the time‐off duration on the properties of the electrodeposited thin films is studied. The results of the X‐Ray diffraction, UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and photoelectrochemical characterizations reveal that the pulse‐deposited CdS films show enhanced microstructural, optical, and morphological properties as compared to that of the film deposited under direct mode. The CdS thin film deposited at time‐off duration of 0.5 s is composed of a pure CdS phase following a mixture of cubic and hexagonal lattice structure. This sample shows a smooth surface, high absorption in UV and visible light and an intense photoresponse of 90 μA under visible light.
Second‐Order Topological Corner States in Square Lattice Plasmonic Metasurfaces with C4 and Glide Symmetries
Authors: Om Kwang‐Kwon , Kim Kwang‐Hyon
Published: April 2024

Recently, plasmonic metasurfaces have emerged as a platform for topological photonics, exhibiting both advantages of plasmon‐induced tight confinement of local field and topological robustness. Most previous works regarding plasmonic systems are limited to the first‐order topologies and only a few studies dealt with higher‐order topological states in honeycomb lattices. Moreover, second‐order topologies of square lattice plasmonic systems have not yet been studied. This work presents second‐order topological corner states in the square lattices of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) with various symmetries, taking two different C4 and glide symmetries as examples. Their unit cells are obtained from nonprimitive cells, consisting of four equal spheroidal NPs, by expanding (or shrinking), rotating, and resizing. Bulk bands and spectral functions of the unit cells calculated by using the coupled dipole method well agree with COMSOL simulation results, revealing the accuracy of the numerical calculations as well as the experimental realizability of the systems. Second‐order topological corner states and their robustness against structural disorder are numerically shown for three different square lattices. This work will trigger extensive investigations to open a new realm of topological metasurfaces with promising applications.
Strategies to Create Superhydrophobic Surfaces in Food Industry
Authors: Mohammadi Maedeh , Sheidaei Zhaleh , Farhoodi Mehdi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the use of nature‐inspired superhydrophobic coatings in various industries and daily life has attracted a lot of attention due to the unparalleled features of these coatings. Also, many efforts are made to produce coatings that are based on natural, degradable and nontoxic materials. The purpose of this review article is to collect and introduce the latest environmentally friendly methods of manufacturing food‐related superhydrophobic coatings. Coating fruits to postpone their spoilage, producing packages that eliminate residual food after consumption and creating antimicrobial substrates in industries like dairy are some of the applications of these coatings in the food industry.
Springing loads analysis of large‐scale container ships in regular waves
Authors: Feng Qian‐Dong , Wen Liang‐Jun , Jiang Cai‐Xia , Wang Xue‐Liang
Published: April 2024

Hydroelastic effects are particularly pronounced in ultralarge container ships due to their substantial size and high velocity. The computation of combined torsional and bending moments presents a challenge, exacerbated by warping effects. This study focuses on the investigation of wave loads, encompassing vertical, horizontal, and torsional moments, through model tests on a 20,000 TEU container ship. A 1/77 scale model featuring an open U‐shaped backbone was crafted to simultaneously simulate and measure longitudinal, horizontal, and torsional stiffness, along with these loads. Wave loads on the hull, including those resulting from springing effects, were calculated in regular waves, employing hydroelastic theory and accounting for hydrodynamic forces. The study also delves into the characteristics and analysis of spring effects within the wave loads on the hull. The insights garnered from this research contribute to the fatigue analysis and safety assessments of ship structures.
The effects of modifiers on electrospray ionization for small‐to‐medium‐sized molecules in comparison with solution‐phase ionization
Authors: Venter Pieter
Published: April 2024

Modifiers are essential additives in electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometric analysis to enhance the production of ionic species in the gas phase for the detection of small‐to‐medium‐sized molecules in biological and aqueous samples. Therefore, an appropriate modifier, in conjunction with the right ionization polarity, is crucial for sensitive ESI mass spectrometric analysis. However, the charge carried by basic and acidic functional groups in solution is neither quantitatively nor qualitatively reflected in the MS spectrum. For example, adding an acidic modifier will cause sufficient protonation of a basic functional group in solution; however, this may result in inferior positive ESI compared to using a basic modifier. Another example is when the MS spectrum does not reflect the charge distribution of multiply charged molecules in solution. Therefore, this review will summarize and discuss the proposed mechanisms by which modifiers induce and influence ESI. It will also cover molecular characteristics that affect ESI, such as charge state and polarity, which result in a difference between solution‐phase ionization and ESI.
Nonlinear cascade control based on an integral separated disturbance observer of proportional poppet valve
Authors: Shi Wenzhuo , Guo Kai , Li Shizhen , Li Zhiwu
Published: April 2024

The large flow rate proportional poppet valve (PPV) finds widespread use in high‐power hydraulic systems. However, the indispensable dead‐zone nonlinearity that guarantees the safe shut‐off of the PPV will cause a tracking lag when a command goes outside the dead‐zone. The lag should be properly solved in a controller, which is a highlight of this study. Simultaneously, achieving high tracking precision in a PPV is necessary to meet the demands of advanced hydraulic systems. In this study, a practical nonlinear controller based on an integral separated disturbance observer is proposed to improve the performance of a PPV. In particular, the lag could be alleviated and the high tracking precision achieved simultaneously by enabling or disabling a disturbance observer in the proposed controller. A separation coefficient is proposed for the disturbance observer to detach the integral action from the controller and avert the deep input saturation of the pilot stage. Additionally, the command filtering technology is applied to the nonlinear controller to improve its interference resisting capacity in the industrial environment. The stability and effectiveness of the proposed controller are proved in theory and verified by experiments.
Navigating complexity with the four pillars of social sustainability
Authors: Nilsson Caroline , Levin Tarina , Colding Johan , Sjöberg Stefan , Barthel Stephan
Published: April 2024

Abstract The concept of social sustainability has long been a subject of discussion within academic literature and practitioners. However, there remains a lack of clarity in its definition and scholars argue that this can impacting the legitimacy of addressing social sustainability challenges. Through a systematic literature review and a content analysis, we shed light on the multifaceted discourse surrounding the concept of social sustainability, elucidating its diverse applications and meanings portrayed and defined within scholarly discourse. Our findings show that the concept predominantly revolves around four prevalent categories: “Equity,” “Well‐being,” “Participation and Influence,” and ‘Social Capital. Based on results, we develop and present a novel analytical framework of the four pillars of social sustainability, referred to as the “SoSuCompass,” representing a conceptual framework to clarify the concept's multifaceted nature. The framework can serve as a tool for a fuller comprehension of the definition of social sustainability.