bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Herramientas de libre acceso para la detección de secuencias específicas en ADN ambiental
Authors:   , Matute Torres Tamara Francisca
Published: November 2023

La conservación de los recursos naturales y la diversidad biológica representa un desafío urgente a abordar a nivel mundial. Dentro de los grandes problemas que afectan actualmente a la biodiversidad está la presencia de especies exóticas invasoras (EEI) en los ecosistemas naturales. Este factor no solo determina un gran deterioro en la diversidad biológica y daño ecosistémico, sino que también se traduce en importantes pérdidas económicas y amenazas zoonóticas. Dado que las posibilidades de controlar una especie invasora una vez que ha colonizado un lugar se vuelven escasas, las recomendaciones a nivel internacional apuntan a estrategias de monitoreo temprano como la opción más económica y efectiva que permite ejecutar planes anticipados de prevención. Sin embargo, una de las principales barreras en el control y contención de las EEI es la inexistencia de sistemas de monitoreo adecuados y la dificultad de movilizar recursos para su ejecución. Es por esto, que urge la necesidad de crear sistemas de monitoreo económicos, rápidos y eficientes que permitan una temprana identificación de EEI en terreno. En este trabajo se presenta el desarrollo de recursos biológicos, hardware y software de libre acceso para el monitoreo de ADN ambiental en ecosistemas hídricos, enfocado principalmente en la detección de Castor Canadensis. Esto incluye el desarrollo de herramientas moleculares accesibles localmente, la elaboración y optimización de reacciones LAMP caseras y a bajo costo, la selección de targets y diseño de primers específicos para mejorar el desempeño de las reacciones con muestras ambientales, la validación de ensayos LAMP para la detección de Castor Canadensis, y la elaboración de equipamiento y software de libre acceso para el registro y análisis de señales fluorescentes. Los resultados de esta tesis demuestran la detección molecular de ADN de Castor Canadensis a bajo costo y de manera descentralizada gracias a los insumos producidos de manera local y el desarrollo de herramientas de libre acceso de hardware y software. Además, el desempeño de estas reacciones fue comparable con los kits comerciales en términos de sensibilidad y especificidad, constituyéndose como una alternativa más económica para el diagnóstico molecular. Se espera continuar con la optimización y evaluación, tanto de las reacciones LAMP como el equipamiento, con muestras ambientales, lo que podría permitir avanzar en xii el desarrollo y aplicabilidad de las técnicas de detección molecular en terreno, la vigilancia epidemiológica y/o la conservación de especies.
27 MAYIS 1960 ASKERİ DARBESİ VE BASIN (1960-1965)
Authors: Şahin Dürdane
Published: November 2023

İkinci Dünya Savaşı’ndan sonra Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin çok partili hayata geçmesiyle birlikte kurulan Demokrat Parti’nin iktidara gelmesinde basın büyük bir rol oynadı. Bunun farkında olan Demokrat Parti liderleri, basının bu desteğine karşılık, basına özgürlükler tanıyan bazı düzenlemeler getirdi. Fakat zaman içerisinde Demokrat Parti’nin gerek ekonomik gerekse diğer alanlarda bazı olumsuz politikalar uygulamaları haliyle basının iktidara karşı tepki göstermesine neden oldu. Buna karşılık iktidar, basının bu tepkisini bazı yöntemlerle engellemeye çalıştı. Lakin bu durum, 27 Mayıs askeri darbesi sonucunda iktidarın düşürülmesine neden olan sebeplerden biri oldu. 27 Mayıs darbesinden sonra basının önemli bir kısmı, darbeci güçlerin yanında yer aldı. Darbenin gerçekleştiği ilk günden itibaren gazetelerin manşetlerinde 27 Mayısı öven haberlere yer verilirken Demokrat Parti’yi itham edici haberlerden de çekinilmedi. Özellikle Yassıada mahkemelerinin devam ettiği günlerde Yassıada’da devam eden davalara gazete sayfalarında geniş yerler verilerek halkın dikkatleri bu yöne çekildi. Basının siyasi anlamda önemli bir güç olduğunun farkında olan Milli Birlik Komitesi döneminde basına özgürlük tanıyan birtakım düzenlemeler yapıldı. Basın mensupları ile işverenler arasında basın çalışanlarının haklarını koruyan kanunlar çıkarıldı. Ayrıca 1961 anayasasında basınla ilgili bazı hükümlere yer verildi.
Bu makalede, 27 Mayıs askeri darbesinden sonra Türkiye’de basının darbeye, yeni iktidar çevrelerine ve devrilen Menderes hükümetine yönelik izlediği tavırlar ve yeni iktidar çevrelerinin basınla ilgili hayata geçirdiği düzenlemeler incelenecektir.
ŞERİYE SİCİLLERİ IŞIĞINDA GALATA’DA BORÇLAR HUKUKU VE UYGULAMALARI (17. YÜZYILIN İKİNCİ YARISI)
Authors: Akkoyun Sevgi
Published: November 2023

Osmanlı Tarihi araştırmalarında kullanılan en önemli ana kaynaklardan biri Şeriye sicilleridir. Yapılan çalışmalar sicillerin önemini ve orijinal bir kaynak teşkil ettiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, Osmanlı Devleti’nin önemli bir liman ve ticaret bölgesi olan Galata’nın Şeriye sicillerinde yer alan borç davalarını değerlendirmektir. Galataʹnın 17. yüzyıldaki sınırları günümüzdekinin aksine çok geniştir. Galata kadısının hükmü altında bulunan bu geniş alan hakkında sicillerde son derece değerli bilgiler yer almaktadır. Müslüman, Rum, Ermeni, Yahudi ve Cenevizli insanların bir arada yaşadığı kozmopolit bir şehir olan Galata, ticari hayatın canlı olduğu bir yerdir. Ticari hareketliliğine paralel olarak Galata Şeriye sicillerinde alım-satım ve borç meseleleri ile ilgili pek çok kayıt yer almaktadır. Bu kayıtlar içerisinden seçilen farklı dava kayıtlarının tahlilinin yanı sıra borcun tanımı, unsurları, hukukî niteliği, borcu düşüren sebepler, ödeme yöntemleri ve kurulan akidlerin hüküm ve sonuçları gibi teorik bilgilere de yer verilecektir. Böylece teori ile uygulama alanlarının birbirinden ayrıldığı ve örtüştüğü noktalar ortaya koyulacaktır.
PAN-ASYACILIK: OKAKURA TENSHİN (KAKUZŌ) VE ASYA ALGISI
Authors: Sicim Kaplan Emine
Published: November 2023

Meiji Dönemi önemli düşünürlerinden biri olan Okakura Tenshin (Kakuzō) hayatı boyunca İngilizce’de eser vererek Asya ve Japon toplumunu, sanatını, tarihini ve kültürünü Batı dünyasına tanıtmaya kendisine amaç edinmiştir. Nitekim hedefine ulaşmış, eserleri yayımlandıktan sonra Avrupa ve Amerika’da oldukça popüler olmuştur. Buna karşın ana dilinde eser vermemesinden dolayı hayattayken Japonya’da pek fazla tanınmamış, ölümünden sonra ün kazanmıştır. Onun düşünceleri milliyetçi grupların dikkatini çekmiş, özellikle “Asya tektir.” söylemi Büyük Doğu Asya Savaşı’nın kilit sözcüğü olurken Okakura da Pan-Asyacı olarak nitelendirilmiştir. Ardından eserleri tek tek Japonca’ya çevrilmeye başlanmış ve haliyle Okakura da Japon toplumu tarafından tanınır hale gelmiştir. İlginç olan nokta ise daha çok sanatla ilgili yazmasına rağmen Okakura’nın Pan-Asyacı olarak nitelendirilmesi ve II. Dünya Savaşı başladığında hayatta olmamasına karşın savaş suçlusu olarak ilan edilmesidir. Bu noktada karşımıza şu sorular çıkmaktadır: Okakura’nın eserlerinde asıl anlatmak istediği neydi? Gerçekten belirtildiği gibi onu Pan-Asyacı olarak nitelendirmek mümkün müdür? Dünyaca tanınmasını sağlayan “Asya tektir.” söylemi ile aslında kendisi ne anlatmak istemiştir? Çalışmamızda öncelikle sorulan sorulara cevaplar aranmaya çalışılarak, Okakura’nın Pan-Asyacı olup olmadığı ve Asya algısı eserleri üzerinden irdelenecektir.
Use of Tokens to Unlock Greater Data Sharing in Health Care
Authors: Shah Kanan , Patt Debra , Mullangi Samyukta
Published: November 2023

This Viewpoint discusses the use of privacy-preserving record linkage, a token-based record linkage system, as a promising avenue for building a data infrastructure system that bridges isolated data.
Provenance and Clinical Benefit of Medicines Introduced to the French Market, 2008 to 2018
Authors: Osipenko Leeza , Potey Philippe , Perez Bernardo , Kupryjanczuk Alexandra , Angelov Filip , Schuster Alexandra , Mossialos Elias
Published: November 2023

Importance

Both the commercial sector and academia play a vital role in medicine development. Ongoing debates exist on their contribution and the value of medicinal products entering the market.

Objective

To identify the provenance and clinical benefit of medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018.

Design and Setting

In this cross-sectional study, the provenance of each medicine in the French market was established via a review of multiple sources documenting at least 2 matching findings per product. The clinical benefit was assigned using the matched scale developed from the Prescrire and Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS) gradings. The χ2 test was used to analyze the proportions and frequencies of medicines graded by Prescrire and HAS by origin, therapeutic category, and clinical benefit.

Main outcomes and measures

The origins and therapeutic categories of medicines. Clinical benefit based on Prescrire and HAS grading. Concordance of Prescrire and HAS grading.

Results

Of the 632 medicines that entered the French market between 2008 and 2018, 464 originated (73%) in the commercial sector, and 168 originated (27%) in the academic setting or in collaboration with commercial enterprises. Prescrire graded psychotropic agents (13/14 [93%]), whereas HAS graded respiratory agents (24/25 [96%]) as the highest percentage of medicines that provided no added benefit. Prescrire graded 360 medicines (77.6%) that originated in the industry and 108 medicines (64.3%) that originated in the academic setting (P = .001) to have no added clinical benefit. HAS assigned such grading to 331 ([71.3%] industry) vs 104 ([61.9%] academia) (P = .02). Based on the Prescrire grading, academia invented more medicines delivering some added benefit 57 (33.9%) vs 98 (21.1%) invented by industry (P = .001). HAS grading on some added benefit 51 ([30.4%] academia) vs 121 ([26.1%] industry) did not reach statistical significance (P = .29). However, HAS grading on substantial added clinical benefit reached statistical significance in favor of academia (13 [7.7%] vs 12 [2.6%] in the industry; P = .003), whereas Prescrire grading did not (1.8% academia vs 1.3% industry; P = .64).

Conclusions and Relevance

More than 70% of medicines that entered the French market during the 10-year period originated in the commercial sector. Although most medicines were not graded as providing clinical benefit, medicines originating in the academic setting were more likely to be graded as conferring clinical benefit than those originating in the commercial setting.
Exploring the burden of mixed dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross‐sectional study in Kashmir, India
Authors: Lone Suhail Shafi , Majid Sabhiya , Bhat Mohammad Hayat , Wani Gulzar Ahmad
Published: November 2023

Background

Diabetes‐related dyslipidemia is a multifaceted, complicated disorder characterized by an abnormal lipid profile in individuals with diabetes. The incidence of different types of dyslipidemia, however, was not a focus of prior investigations. The patients were characterized into three categories of dyslipidemia. Different patterns of dyslipidemia were combined into single dyslipidemia (7 patterns), mixed dyslipidemia (16 patterns), and triple dyslipidemia (4 patterns).

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 586 people suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included. We assessed the serum lipid profile and used log (TG/HDL‐C) to determine the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). Dyslipidemia was examined as a categorical variable, and the findings were presented as percentages and numbers. To compare categorical variables, we either utilized Fisher exact tests or Chi square tests.

Results

The study comprised of 586 T2DM patients, with 310 (52.9%) women and 276 (47.1%) men. Women have significantly higher hypertension (33.6%) as compared to men (23.2%). 18.94% (111) of patients were having coronary artery disease (CAD) history consisting of 12.28% (72) females and 6.66% (39) males, a difference which is statistically significant. 98.12% of total individuals had as a minimum of one lipid abnormality. 4.61% (27) of study subjects were having isolated dyslipidemia and 93.51% (548) had dual or triple pattern of dyslipidemia (mixed dyslipidemia). High AIP >0.24 (94.8%) was the most predominant trend of dyslipidemia. The dual combination of AIP (>0.24) and HDL (<50 mg/dL in Females and <40 mg/dL in Males) was found to be the most common pattern of mixed dyslipidemia (68.08%). The most prevalent trend of isolated dyslipidemia was found to be high AIP (>0.24), In patients with CAD history. Among the mixed dyslipidemia, the common pattern of dyslipidemia (71.17%) was the dual combination of high AIP (>0.24) and low HDL (<50 mg/dL women and <40 mg/dL males). The triple combination of TG (≥200 mg/dL) and HDL (<40 and <50 mg/dL) and LDL (≥100 mg/dL) was only found in females.

Conclusion

In conclusion, dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in T2DM patients, with mixed dyslipidemia being the most common type observed in the community of Kashmir valley, India. High AIP was the most prevalent pattern in the current investigation.
Statistical analysis of the longitudinal fundamental movement skills data in the REACT project using the multilevel ordinal logistic model
Authors: Hedeker Donald , Pereira Sara , Garbeloto Fernando , Barreira Tiago V. , Garganta Rui , Farias Cláudio , Tani Go , Chaput Jean‐Philippe , Stodden David F. , Maia José , Katzmarzyk Peter T.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The REACT project was designed around two main aims: (1) to assess children's growth and motor development after the COVID‐19 pandemic and (2) to follow their fundamental movement skills' developmental trajectories over 18 months using a novel technological device (Meu Educativo®) in their physical education classes. In this article, our goal is to describe statistical analysis of the longitudinal ordinal motor development data that was obtained from these children using the multilevel ordinal logistic model.

Methods

Longitudinal ordinal data are often collected in studies on motor development. For example, children or adolescents might be rated as having poor, good, or excellent performance levels in fundamental movement skills, and such ratings may be obtained yearly over time to assess changes in fundamental movement skills levels of performance. However, such longitudinal ordinal data are often analyzed using either methods for continuous outcomes, or by dichotomizing the ordinal outcome and using methods for binary data. These approaches are not optimal, and so we describe in detail the use of the multilevel ordinal logistic model for analysis of such data from the REACT project. Our intent is to provide an accessible description and application of this model for analysis of ordinal motor development data.

Discussion

Our analyses show both the between‐subjects and within‐subjects effects of age on motor development outcomes across three timepoints. The between‐subjects effect of age indicate that children that are older have higher motor development ratings, relative to thoese that are younger, whereas the within‐subject effect of age indicates higher motor development ratings as a child ages. It is the latter effect that is particularly of interest in longitudinal studies of motor development, and an important advantage of using the multilevel ordinal logistic model relative to more traditional methods.
Temporal fenestration in a Procolophon trigoniceps specimen (Procolophonoidea) from the Lower Triassic of Brazil
Authors: Pohlmann Karine , Cisneros Juan C. , Da‐Rosa Átila A. S. , Pinheiro Felipe L.
Published: November 2023

The parareptiles diversified widely during the Permian and persisted in Pangean ecosystems until the end of the Triassic. However, most parareptiles succumbed to the Permian–Triassic extinction, leading to the exclusive survival of procolophonoids. Procolophonoidea stands out as one of the most diverse parareptile clades, with about 40 species across Pangean land masses. The Early Triassic species Procolophon trigoniceps is known from South Africa, Antarctica, and Brazil. The majority of cranial materials of this procolophonoid are described as anapsid in temporal morphology, however, some skulls discovered in South Africa were found to exhibit temporal fenestration. Once thought to have systematic significance for the genus Procolophon, temporal fenestration was lately proposed to be an anomalous or pathological feature in P. trigoniceps. In this study, we describe new cranial material of P. trigoniceps from the Sanga do Cabral Formation of Brazil that clearly displays temporal fenestration. Aside from the fenestra, the specimen closely resembles more complete Brazilian P. trigoniceps skulls. The recurrent presence of the feature and the varying morphologies exhibited by the temporal fenestrae of P. trigoniceps may substantiate its characterization as an anomalous trait within the species. Furthermore, the occurrence of temporal fenestration in P. trigoniceps specimens from both South America and South Africa underscores parallels between these two Early Triassic ecosystems.
Us and them! Consumer resistance as an act of antistate opposition in Iran
Authors: Rahmanian Emad
Published: November 2023

This paper aims to investigate consumer resistance in an undemocratic country, exploring how consumers resist against an authoritarian regime through consumption. Sixteen in‐depth interviews were conducted, and the qualitative data were used to create a conceptual map. Results suggest that consumers interpret corporations' relations with the state in four different stages which are highly undesirable, resulting in resistance behaviors on a continuum ranging from a reduction in consumption to preventing others from consumption. This paper provides insights into how consumers conceptualize their goal, themselves, and their enemy in resistance against the state, manifested in anticonsumption behavior. The results help managers understand how consumers perceive their relationship with the state and how they formulate and regulate their resistance behavior. Additionally, it provides evidence that in undemocratic regimes, using official sources of information as an information channel might result in a backfire effect. This paper adds antistate resistance behavior to the literature and provides evidence that in undemocratic countries, the totality of the sovereign state replaces all other forms of adversaries in resistance behavior.
Arteriovenous malformation presenting as a lip swelling
Authors: Ariboyina Ashok Kumar , Tatli Ozgur , Goriparthi Lakshmi , Achanta Narendra , Thirumoothy Suresh Kumar , Turkmen Suha
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are extremely rare on the face and especially on the lip. Lip can be more easily exposed to traumas due to their anatomical location. Especially superficial AV malformations are very susceptible to trauma and can bleed very seriously after being exposed to such effects. AVMs management generally based on their hemodynamic characteristics and growth modalities. The surgical treatment requires elaborate planning and multidisciplinary approach. When evaluating a mass with a clinical manifestation of lip swelling, ruling out a vascular anomaly before any intervention is also crucial.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) are abnormal fistulas between an artery and a vein, without an intervening capillary bed. AVM may occur everywhere in the body, with the brain being of particular concern, as AVM can be complicated by bleeding. Herein, we present the case of a patient with a very atypical AVM location consisting of a lip mass. Given the possibility of hemorrhage and airway obstruction, early detection and timely intervention are mandatory.
Increasing risk of hepatocellular carcinoma with successive generations in the United States among Mexican American adults: The Multiethnic Cohort
Authors: Acuna Nicholas , Zhou Kali , Pinheiro Paulo S. , Cheng Iona , Shariff‐Marco Salma , Lim Tiffany , Wilkens Lynne R. , Le Marchand Loïc , Haiman Christopher A. , Setiawan Veronica Wendy
Published: November 2023

Background

US‐born Latinos have a higher incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than foreign‐born Latinos. Acculturation to unhealthy lifestyle behaviors and an immigrant self‐selection effect may play a role. In this study, the authors examined the influence of generational status on HCC risk among Mexican American adults.

Methods

The analytic cohort included 31,377 self‐reported Mexican Americans from the Multiethnic Cohort Study (MEC). Generational status was categorized as: first‐generation (Mexico‐born; n = 13,382), second‐generation (US‐born with one or two parents born in Mexico; n = 13,081), or third‐generation (US‐born with both parents born in the United States; n = 4914). Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was performed to examine the association between generational status and HCC incidence.

Results

In total, 213 incident HCC cases were identified during an average follow‐up of 19.5 years. After adjusting for lifestyle and neighborhood‐level risk factors, second‐generation and third‐generation Mexican Americans had a 37% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.37; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.98–1.92) and 66% (HR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.11–2.49) increased risk of HCC, respectively, compared with first‐generation Mexican Americans (p for trend = 0.012). The increased risk associated with generational status was mainly observed in males (second‐generation vs. first‐generation: HR, 1.60 [95% CI, 1.05–2.44]; third‐generation vs. first‐generation: HR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.29–3.37]).

Conclusions

Increasing generational status of Mexican Americans is associated with a higher risk of HCC. Further studies are needed to identify factors that contribute to this increased risk.
Fetal MRI‐Based Body and Adiposity Quantification for Small for Gestational Age Perinatal Risk Stratification
Authors: Rabinowich Aviad , Avisdris Netanell , Yehuda Bossmat , Zilberman Ayala , Graziani Tamir , Neeman Bar , Specktor‐Fadida Bella , Link‐Sourani Dafna , Wexler Yair , Herzlich Jacky , Krajden Haratz Karina , Joskowicz Leo , Ben Sira Liat , Hiersch Liran , Ben Bashat Dafna
Published: November 2023

Background

Small for gestational age (SGA) fetuses are at risk for perinatal adverse outcomes. Fetal body composition reflects the fetal nutrition status and hold promise as potential prognostic indicator. MRI quantification of fetal anthropometrics may enhance SGA risk stratification.

Hypothesis

Smaller, leaner fetuses are malnourished and will experience unfavorable outcomes.

Study Type

Prospective.

Population

40 SGA fetuses, 26 (61.9%) females: 10/40 (25%) had obstetric interventions due to non‐reassuring fetal status (NRFS), and 17/40 (42.5%) experienced adverse neonatal events (CANO). Participants underwent MRI between gestational ages 30 + 2 and 37 + 2.

Field Strength/Sequence

3‐T, True Fast Imaging with Steady State Free Precession (TruFISP) and T1‐weighted two‐point Dixon (T1W Dixon) sequences.

Assessment

Total body volume (TBV), fat signal fraction (FSF), and the fat‐to‐body volumes ratio (FBVR) were extracted from TruFISP and T1W Dixon images, and computed from automatic fetal body and subcutaneous fat segmentations by deep learning. Subjects were followed until hospital discharge, and obstetric interventions and neonatal adverse events were recorded.

Statistical Tests

Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions for the association between TBV, FBVR, and FSF and interventions for NRFS and CANO. Fisher's exact test was used to measure the association between sonographic FGR criteria and perinatal outcomes. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, and accuracy were calculated. A P‐value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

FBVR (odds ratio [OR] 0.39, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.2–0.76) and FSF (OR 0.95, CI 0.91–0.99) were linked with NRFS interventions. Furthermore, TBV (OR 0.69, CI 0.56–0.86) and FSF (OR 0.96, CI 0.93–0.99) were linked to CANO. The FBVR sensitivity/specificity for obstetric interventions was 85.7%/87.5%, and the TBV sensitivity/specificity for CANO was 82.35%/86.4%. The sonographic criteria sensitivity/specificity for obstetric interventions was 100%/33.3% and insignificant for CANO (P = 0.145).

Data Conclusion

Reduced TBV and FBVR may be associated with higher rates of obstetric interventions for NRFS and CANO.

Evidence Level

2

Technical Efficacy

Stage 5
Firms' diverse market beliefs can facilitate information sharing and improve profit performance
Authors: Jiang Li , Hao Zhongyuan
Published: November 2023

A supplier sells a product through a retailer to the market with uncertain demand. The retailer has a signal useful for updating the forecast of market uncertainty, while the supplier can offer a payment to acquire the retailer's signal, termed information sharing. Due to differential means of market access and methods of data analysis, the supplier and the retailer hold diverse beliefs about market conditions. A firm is more confident about market conditions as it perceives the market to be less uncertain. The supplier can be either aware or unaware of the retailer's market belief. In the former case, the supplier correctly predicts the retailer's belief‐based response and makes decision accordingly. In the latter case, the supplier infers the retailer's market belief from the retailer's decision about signal disclosure. We unveil the concrete circumstances where the supplier gains access to the retailer's signal, which would not occur when they held the same accurate market belief. Moreover, with the actual profit performance as the measure, the firms can benefit from holding diverse market beliefs, albeit not simultaneously. The supplier's knowledge of the retailer's market belief can facilitate information sharing but can have detrimental effects on the firms' actual profit performance. Given the opportunity, the retailer may report a market belief that is less confident than its real market belief in communicating with the supplier, which can deter information sharing but has intricate effects on the firms' profits.
Recurrent infection triggered encephalopathy syndrome in a pediatric patient with RANBP2 mutation and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Huo Feng , Wang Shuo , Fan Yimu , Wu Jie , Zhang Zhezhe , Liu Shuangjun , Wang Quan
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE), a fatal subtype of infection‐triggered encephalopathy syndrome (ITES), can be triggered by many systemic infections. RANBP2 gene mutations were associated with recurrent ANE.

Case presentation

Here we report a 1‐year‐old girl with recurrent ITES and RANBP2 mutation. She was diagnosed with influenza‐associated encephalopathy and made a full recovery on the first episode. After severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, the patient presented with seizures and deteriorating mental status. Brain magnetic resonance imaging revealed necrotic lesions in bilateral thalami and pons. Methylprednisolone, immunoglobulin, and interleukin 6 inhibitors were administered. Her consciousness level was improved at discharge. Nineteen cases of 2019 coronavirus disease‐related ANE have been reported, of which 22.2% of patients died and 61.1% had neurologic disabilities. RANBP2 gene mutation was found in five patients, two of whom developed recurrent ITES.

Conclusion

Patients with RANBP2 mutations are at risk for recurrent ITES, may develop ANE, and have a poor prognosis after relapse.
Synthesis and chiroptical properties of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymers prepared by click polymerization
Authors: Suzuki Misaki , Nakajima Noriyuki , Hamada Masahiro , Koyama Yasuhito
Published: November 2023

This article describes the design, synthesis, and folding behaviors of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymers as a bioconjugate‐based foldamer. The synthesis of alkyne‐containing β‐glycosyl azides has been achieved via anomeric substitution using tetrabutylammonium azide (Bu4NN3) to 1,2‐anhydro sugar and subsequent esterification with 5‐hexynoic acid. Copper‐catalyzed alkyne‐azide 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of the glycosyl azide leads to the formation of β‐1,2‐linked glycopolymer alternating 4‐triazolyl butanoate and tribenzylated d‐galactose (PolyGal) or d‐glucose unit (PolyGlu). The folding and chiroptical properties of the polymers are discussed through UV–vis and CD spectroscopy and anisotropic factors of CD (gCD) values. The results suggest that PolyGal would adopt a helically folded structure in ClCH2CH2Cl (DCE) or THF. Thermal stability of the folded structure of PolyGal in less polar DCE appears to increase compared with that in THF. It is found that the folded structure of PolyGal in THF denatures to a random coil above 40°C. It is indicated that PolyGlu can possibly form the helically folded structure in DCE and adopt a random coil structure at high temperature region. In polar THF, PolyGlu does not fold the conformation at all the observed temperature region. Such phenomena suggest a special role of stereochemistry at the 4 position on the folding behaviors.
Effects of corn husk fiber as filler in recycled single‐use polypropylene for fused filament fabrication
Authors: Yap Lim Kar , Chun Koay Seong , Yeng Chan Ming , Kiat Ong Thai , Huey Ho Shuh , Hunt Ting Chen , Meng Pang Ming
Published: November 2023

Fused filament fabrication (FFF) is one of the most popular 3D printing approaches among end‐users due to its lower cost, ease of operation, and wide range of material choices. However, the use of composite filament produced from recycled plastic and agriculture waste is still relatively uncommon. This research focuses on developing composite filament from corn husk fiber (CHF) and recycled single‐use polypropylene for FFF. In this work, neat recycled polypropylene (rPP) and rPP/CHF composites were extruded into filament for FFF printing. It was observed that increasing the CHF content would reduce the print quality of the parts, as visible air gaps and voids were found on the printed surface and within the layers. Nevertheless, these issues were able to be overcome by adjusting the printing temperature and increasing the extrusion percentage during the printing process. The melt flow index results indicate that a higher CHF content would reduce the melt flow of the extruded rPP/CHF composite during printing, potentially affecting the quality of the printed parts. On the other hand, increasing the temperature enhanced the melt flow of the composite, which was beneficial for the printing process. When a small amount of CHF was added to the rPP, the printed part exhibited the highest tensile strength due to the reinforcing effect of the fibers. However, the tensile strength of printed parts using rPP/CHF composite filament decreased with higher CHF content. Additionally, higher CHF content resulted in printed composite parts that were more rigid and stiffer. It also reduced warpage on the printed specimens made with this composite, but it is important to note that warpage of the printed specimen is not directly correlated to crystallinity caused by nucleating effect of CHF. The rPP/CHF composite filament did exhibit earlier thermal degradation due to the addition of more CHF. However, this should not affect the printing process when temperature not beyond 230°C. This study highlights the potential of utilizing single‐use PP and fibers extracted from corn husk as feedstock for 3D printing. The findings expand the possibilities for recycling and employing agricultural waste in sustainable additive manufacturing processes.

Highlights

Utilizes single‐use PP and CHF in developing composite filaments, contributing to sustainability and reducing plastic waste.

This research offers a sustainable approach by utilizing waste materials as feedstock for FFF‐based 3D printing, which able to reduce the environmental pollution caused by disposal of single‐use plastic and promotes recycling practices.
Distinguishing models with μ → e observables
Authors: Ardu Marco , Davidson Sacha , Lavignac Stéphane
Published: November 2023

Abstract

Upcoming experiments will improve the reach for the lepton flavour violating (LFV) processes μ → eγ, μ → $$ e\overline{e}e $$
e

e
¯

e
and μA → eA by orders of magnitude. We investigate whether this upcoming data could rule out some popular TeV-scale LFV models (the type II seesaw, the inverse seesaw and a scalar leptoquark) using a bottom-up EFT approach. We take the data to be the twelve Wilson coefficients that experiments can constrain and in principle determine independently. In this 12-dimensional coefficient space, each model can only predict points in a specific subspace; for instance, flavour change involving singlet electrons is suppressed in the seesaw models, and the leptoquark induces negligible coefficients for 4-lepton scalar operators. Using the fact that none of these models can populate the whole region accessible to upcoming experiments, we show that μ → e experiments have the ability to rule them out.
Vorteile und Ansätze eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems in biomedizinischen Forschungslaboratorien
Authors: Brünschwitz Sophia , Kleymann-Hilmes Janine
Published: November 2023

Qualität in der biomedizinischen Forschung ist ein viel diskutiertes Thema unter Expertinnen und Experten, Forschungsinstituten und Förderorganisationen. In der wissenschaftlichen und allgemeinen Presse wird häufig von Qualitätsproblemen berichtet (Bsp.: Ergebnisstabilität nach Testwiederholung – „replication crisis“). Qualitätsmanagementsysteme sind weltweit ein anerkanntes und etabliertes Tool, um Qualität zu lenken und zu leiten sowie Qualitätsprobleme zu beheben. Der Begriff Qualitätsmanagement stößt unter Forschenden jedoch immer wieder auf Widerstand: Geringe Ressourcen, zu starke Regulation, Restriktion der Forschung und unnötige Bürokratie sind hier die Gegenargumente.

Der Gedanke eines Qualitätsmanagementsystems für Forschungslabore ist weltweit nichts Neues. Es bestehen verschiedenste Ansätze von Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftlern sowie Organisationen, ein Qualitätsmanagementsystem in Forschungslaboren zu etablieren und für sich ein mehrwertbringendes System zu entwickeln. Ihre Erwartungen: eine Optimierung der Forschungsprozesse sowie eine Effektivitäts- und Effizienzsteigerung.

Dieser Bericht fasst Publikationen zum Thema Qualität in der biomedizinischen Forschung zusammen und erläutert Hintergrund und Vorteile von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen in Organisationen, Laboren und in der Forschung. Als Ausblick wird ein aktuelles Projekt des Robert Koch-Instituts vorgestellt. Der Artikel basiert auf einer Literaturrecherche in englischer und deutscher Sprache. Darüber hinaus wurden international und national gültige Leitfäden berücksichtigt.
Analyse einer differenzierten Schockraumalarmierung an einem überregionalen Traumazentrum
Authors: Limmer Jonas , Paul Mila M. , Kraus Martin , Jansen Hendrik , Wurmb Thomas , Kippnich Maximilian , Röder Daniel , Meybohm Patrick , Meffert Rainer H. , Jordan Martin C.
Published: November 2023

Hintergrund

Um die sowohl personal- als auch ressourcenintensive Versorgung verunfallter Patienten effizient zu gestalten, wurden in einigen Krankhäusern unterschiedliche Abstufungssysteme hinsichtlich der Schockraumalarmierung eingeführt. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, an einem ÜTZ in Bayern das Konzept von Schockraum A und B hinsichtlich der Praktikabilität, Indikationsstellung und möglicher Komplikationen zu evaluieren.

Methodik

In einer retrospektiven Studie wurden Daten des Kollektivs von traumatischen Schockraumpatienten des Jahres 2020 erhoben. Die Zuteilung in A und B erfolgte durch den präklinischen Notarzt. Es wurden hierbei die Parameter ISS, GOS, Upgrade-Rate sowie die Indikationskriterien nach damals geltender S3-Leitlinie erhoben. Die statistischen Datenvergleiche erfolgten mittels t-Test, χ2 oder Mann-Whitney‑U Test.

Ergebnisse

Insgesamt erfüllten 879 Schockräume (A: 473, B: 406) die Einschlusskriterien. Hierbei zeigte sich bei den SR-A- eine Notarztbegleitung von 94,5 % gegenüber 48 % bei den SR-B-Zuweisungen. Neben einem signifikant niedrigeren ISS (4,1 vs. 13,9) wiesen die SR-B-Patienten zu 29,8 % keine in der S3-Leitlinie festgelegten Schockraumkriterien auf. Bei einer Upgrade-Rate von 4,9 % konnten die SR-B-Patienten zu 98 % in sehr gutem Zustand zügig entlassen werden (GOS von 4 oder 5).

Diskussion

Die vorgestellte Kategorisierung ist eine effektive und sichere Möglichkeit, die steigende Zahl der Schockraumalarmierungen ressourcenoptimiert zu bewältigen. Durch die verbesserten Alarmierungskriterien der neuen Leitlinie ist die Aufrechterhaltung dieser separaten Versorgungsstufen aber in Zukunft vermutlich nicht erforderlich.
Computed tomography imaging phenotypes of hepatoblastoma identified from radiomics signatures are associated with the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy
Authors: Chen Yingqian , Froelich Matthias F. , Tharmaseelan Hishan , Jiang Hong , Wang Yuanqi , Li Haitao , Tao Mingyao , Gao Ying , Wang Jifei , Liu Juncheng , Schoenberg Stefan O. , Feng Shiting , Weis Meike
Published: November 2023

Background

Though neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been widely used in the treatment of hepatoblastoma, there still lacks an effective way to predict its effect.

Objective

To characterize hepatoblastoma based on radiomics image features and identify radiomics-based lesion phenotypes by unsupervised machine learning, intended to build a classifier to predict the response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.

Materials and methods

In this retrospective study, we segmented the arterial phase images of 137 cases of pediatric hepatoblastoma and extracted the radiomics features using PyRadiomics. Then unsupervised k-means clustering was applied to cluster the tumors, whose result was verified by t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used for feature selection, and the clusters were visually analyzed by radiologists. The correlations between the clusters, clinical and pathological parameters, and qualitative radiological features were analyzed.

Results

Hepatoblastoma was clustered into three phenotypes (homogenous type, heterogenous type, and nodulated type) based on radiomics features. The clustering results had a high correlation with response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.02). The epithelial ratio and cystic components in radiological features were also associated with the clusters (P=0.029 and 0.008, respectively).

Conclusions

This radiomics-based cluster system may have the potential to facilitate the precise treatment of hepatoblastoma. In addition, this study further demonstrated the feasibility of using unsupervised machine learning in a disease without a proper imaging classification system.

Graphical abstract
JAK inhibitors improve ATP production and mitochondrial function in rheumatoid arthritis: a pilot study
Authors: Mihaylova Valentina , Kazakova Maria , Batalov Zguro , Karalilova Rositsa , Batalov Anastas , Sarafian Victoria
Published: November 2023

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, systemic autoimmune disease associated by inflammation of the synovial tissue and autoantibody production. Oxidative stress and free radicals are known to be indirectly implicated in joint damage and cartilage destruction in RA. Several studies describe the presence of mitochondrial dysfunction in RA, but few of them follow the dynamics in energy parameters after therapy. The aim of our investigation is to evaluate the direct effect of JAK inhibitors on cellular metabolism (and under induced oxidative stress) in RA patients. Ten newly diagnosed RA patients were included in the study. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and plasma were isolated before and 6 months after therapy with JAK inhibitors. A real-time metabolic analysis was performed to assess mitochondrial function and cell metabolism in PBMCs. Sonographic examination, DAS28 and conventional clinical laboratory parameters were determined also prior and post therapy. A significant decrease in proton leak after therapy with JAK inhibitors was found. The increased production of ATP indicates improvement of cellular bioenergetics status. These findings could be related to the catalytic action of JAK inhibitors on oxidative phosphorylation which corresponds to the amelioration of clinical and ultra-sonographic parameters after treatment. Our study is the first to establish the dynamics of mitochondrial parameters in PBMCs from RA patients before and after in vivo therapy with JAK inhibitors.
Long-term pulmonary outcome of children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia: functional lung MRI using matrix-pencil decomposition enables side-specific assessment of lung function
Authors: Streibel Carmen , Willers C. Corin , Bauman Grzegorz , Pusterla Orso , Bieri Oliver , Curdy Marion , Horn Matthias , Casaulta Carmen , Berger Steffen , Dekany Gabriela Marta , Kieninger Elisabeth , Bartenstein Andreas , Latzin Philipp
Published: November 2023

Objectives

In patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) the exact functional outcome of the affected lung side is still unknown, mainly due to the lack of spatially resolved diagnostic tools. Functional matrix-pencil decomposition (MP-) lung MRI fills this gap as it measures side-specific ventilation and perfusion. We aimed to assess the overall and side-specific pulmonary long-term outcomes of patients with CDH using lung function tests and MP-MRI.

Methods

Thirteen school-aged children with CDH (seven with small and six with large defect-sized CDH, defined as > 50% of the chest wall circumference being devoid of diaphragm tissue) and thirteen healthy matched controls underwent spirometry, multiple-breath washout, and MP-MRI. The main outcomes were forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), lung clearance index (LCI2.5), ventilation defect percentage (VDP), and perfusion defect percentage (QDP).

Results

Patients with a large CDH showed significantly reduced overall lung function compared to healthy controls (mean difference [95%-CIadjusted]: FEV1 (z-score) −4.26 [−5.61, −2.92], FVC (z-score) −3.97 [−5.68, −2.26], LCI2.5 (TO) 1.12 [0.47, 1.76], VDP (%) 8.59 [3.58, 13.60], QDP (%) 17.22 [13.16, 21.27]) and to patients with a small CDH. Side-specific examination by MP-MRI revealed particularly reduced ipsilateral ventilation and perfusion in patients with a large CDH (mean difference to contralateral side [95%-CIadjusted]: VDP (%) 14.80 [10.50, 19.00], QDP (%) 23.50 [1.75, 45.20]).

Conclusions

Data indicate impaired overall lung function with particular limitation of the ipsilateral side in patients with a large CDH. MP-MRI is a promising tool to provide valuable side-specific functional information in the follow-up of patients with CDH.

Clinical relevance statement

In patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, easily applicable MP-MRI allows specific examination of the lung side affected by the hernia and provides valuable information on ventilation and perfusion with implications for clinical practice, making it a promising tool for routine follow-up.

Key Points

• Functional matrix pencil decomposition (MP) MRI data from a small sample indicate reduced ipsilateral pulmonary ventilation and perfusion in children with large congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH).

• Easily applicable pencil decomposition MRI provides valuable side-specific diagnostic information on lung ventilation and perfusion. This is a clear advantage over conventional lung function tests, helping to comprehensively follow up patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and monitor therapy effects.
Apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: pathophysiology, diagnosis and management
Authors: Li Jiangtao , Fang Jing , Liu Yani , Wei Xiang
Published: November 2023

Since the first description of apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (ApHCM) in 1976, contrasting information from all over the world has emerged regarding the natural history of the disease. However, the recommended guidelines on hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) pay a cursory reference to ApHCM, without ApHCM-specific recommendations to guide the diagnosis and management. In addition, cardiologists may not be aware of certain aspects that are specific to this disease subtype, and a robust understanding of specific disease features can facilitate recognition and timely diagnosis. Therefore, the review covers the incidence, pathogenesis, and characteristics of ApHCM and imaging methods. Echocardiography and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are the most commonly used imaging methods. Moreover, this review presents the management strategies of this heterogeneous clinical entity. In this review, we introduce a novel transapical beating-heart septal myectomy procedure for ApHCM patients with a promising short-time result.

Graphical abstract
Association between left ventricular ejection fraction, mortality and use of mechanical circulatory support in patients with non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock
Authors: Sundermeyer Jonas , Kellner Caroline , Beer Benedikt N. , Besch Lisa , Dettling Angela , Bertoldi Letizia Fausta , Blankenberg Stefan , Dauw Jeroen , Dindane Zouhir , Eckner Dennis , Eitel Ingo , Graf Tobias , Horn Patrick , Jozwiak-Nozdrzykowska Joanna , Kirchhof Paulus , Kluge Stefan , Linke Axel , Landmesser Ulf , Luedike Peter , Lüsebrink Enzo , Majunke Nicolas , Mangner Norman , Maniuc Octavian , Winkler Sven Möbius , Nordbeck Peter , Orban Martin , Pappalardo Federico , Pauschinger Matthias , Pazdernik Michal , Proudfoot Alastair , Kelham Matthew , Rassaf Tienush , Scherer Clemens , Schulze Paul Christian , Schwinger Robert H. G. , Skurk Carsten , Sramko Marek , Tavazzi Guido , Thiele Holger , Villanova Luca , Morici Nuccia , Westenfeld Ralf , Winzer Ephraim B. , Westermann Dirk , Schrage Benedikt
Published: November 2023

Background

Currently, use of mechanical circulatory support (MCS) in non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock (CS) is predominantly guided by shock-specific markers, and not by markers of cardiac function. We hypothesise that left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) can identify patients with a higher likelihood to benefit from MCS and thus help to optimise their expected benefit.

Methods

Patients with non-ischaemic CS and available data on LVEF from 16 tertiary-care centres in five countries were analysed. Cox regression models were fitted to evaluate the association between LVEF and mortality, as well as the interaction between LVEF, MCS use and mortality.

Results

N = 807 patients were analysed: mean age 63 [interquartile range (IQR) 51.5–72.0] years, 601 (74.5%) male, lactate 4.9 (IQR 2.6–8.5) mmol/l, LVEF 20 (IQR 15–30) %. Lower LVEF was more frequent amongst patients with more severe CS, and MCS was more likely used in patients with lower LVEF. There was no association between LVEF and 30-day mortality risk in the overall study cohort. However, there was a significant interaction between MCS use and LVEF, indicating a lower 30-day mortality risk with MCS use in patients with LVEF ≤ 20% (hazard ratio 0.72, 95% confidence interval 0.51–1.02 for LVEF ≤ 20% vs. hazard ratio 1.31, 95% confidence interval 0.85–2.01 for LVEF > 20%, interaction-p = 0.017).

Conclusion

This retrospective study may indicate a lower mortality risk with MCS use only in patients with severely reduced LVEF. This may propose the inclusion of LVEF as an adjunctive parameter for MCS decision-making in non-ischaemic CS, aiming to optimise the benefit–risk ratio.

Graphical abstract

Impact of left ventricular ejection fraction on mortality and use of mechanical circulatory support in non-ischaemic cardiogenic shock. Hazard ratio for 30-day mortality across the LVEF continuum, adjusted for age, sex, SCAI shock stage, worst value of lactate and pH within 6 h, prior resuscitation and mechanical ventilation during the index shock event. LVEF: Left ventricular ejection fraction; MCS: Mechanical circulatory support; HR: Hazard ratio; CI: Confidence interval.