bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The interplay of emotions and consumption in the relational identity trajectories of grandmothers with their grandchildren
Authors: Godefroit-Winkel Delphine , Schill Marie , Hogg Margaret K.
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to examine the interplay of emotions and consumption within intergenerational exchanges. It shows how emotions pervade the trajectories of grandmothers’ relational identities with their grandchildren through consumption practices.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyses qualitative data gathered via 28 long interviews with French grandmothers and 27 semi-structured interviews with their grandchildren. This study draws on attachment theory to interpret the voices of both grandmothers and their grandchildren within these dyads.

Findings

This study uncovers distinct relational identities of grandmothers linked to emotions and the age of the grandchild, as embedded in consumption. It identifies the defining characteristics of the trajectory of social/relational identities and finds these to be linked to grandchildren’s ages.

Research limitations/implications

This study elicits the emotion profiles, which influence grandmothers’ patterns of consumption in their relationships with their grandchildren. It further uncovers distinct attachment styles (embedded in emotions) between grandmothers and grandchildren in the context of their consumption experiences. Finally, it provides evidence that emotions occur at the interpersonal level. This observation is an addition to existing literature in consumer research, which has often conceived of consumer emotions as being only a private matter and as an intrapersonal phenomenon.

Practical implications

The findings offer avenues for the development of strategies for intergenerational marketing, particularly promotion campaigns which link either the reinforcement or the suppression of emotion profiles in advertising messages with the consumption of products or services by different generations.

Social implications

This study suggests that public institutions might multiply opportunities for family and consumer experiences to combat specific societal issues related to elderly people’s isolation.

Originality/value

In contrast to earlier work, which has examined emotions within the ebb and flow of individual and multiple social identities, this study examines how emotions and consumption play out in social/relational identity trajectories.
Service redundancy in fine dining: evidence from Taiwan
Authors: Tsaur Sheng-Hshiung , Yen Chang-Hua
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Service excellence has been recognized as a crucial means of achieving customer delight. Several recent studies have argued that redundant services may be perceived as unnecessary by customers; however, few studies have explored the construct of service redundancy. This study aims to identify and classify service redundancy in the foodservice industry.

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative study conducted in-depth interviews with 72 participants, namely, 36 customers and 36 managers of fine dining restaurants in Taiwan. Content analysis of the data yielded the classification of service redundancy.

Findings

This study determined 16 categories of service redundancy categorized under three themes: service behavior, service regulations and environmental factors. Furthermore, six causes and four consequences of service redundancy were identified.

Research limitations/implications

Customers and managers of fine dining restaurants were interviewed; thus, the findings may not be fully generalizable to service redundancy in other restaurant types.

Originality/value

The contribution of this research is the construction of a model of service redundancy, which could serve as a theoretical foundation for further examination of service redundancy and the relationships between the related constructs.
Economic analysis of money laundering prevention in Croatia and Slovenia
Authors: Ahtik Meta , Pilipovic Ozren , Marelja Miran
Published: January 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to focus on the role of reporting entities, e.g. banks, other financial institutions, legal professionals, in the prevention of criminal offenses connected with money laundering in Croatia and Slovenia.

Design/methodology/approach

The methodology of the economic analysis of law is used to analyze the effectiveness of laws in Croatia and Slovenia regarding the definition and the role of reporting entities in money laundering prevention in these two countries. A comparative approach is also used as the authors compare the effectiveness of Slovenian and Croatian legal systems and their compatibility with EC Directive (2015/849).

Findings

The authors find that banks have long clinged to the guaranteed confidentiality of deposits, which means that money laundering has undoubtedly brought them some benefits in the short term. The prevention of money laundering for banks is not free. The measures imposed on the bank by legislation (encouraging these banks to a higher level of demand for preventive behavior) entail costs that go beyond the direct, visible benefits of the implemented measures. However, a functioning and stable financial system has a number of externalities, of course, which are also enjoyed by banks.

Originality/value

The paper focuses on economic analysis of Croatian and Slovenian legal systems with regards of the regulation of role of reporting entities in the prevention of money laundering which produce certain costs and benefits for the financial system and reporting entities as whole. The paper also uses the comparative approach to address the problem of compatibility of Croatian and Slovenian legal system with the EC Directive (2015/849).
Open government data: critical information management perspectives
Authors: Shepherd Elizabeth , Bunn Jenny , Flinn Andrew , Lomas Elizabeth , Sexton Anna , Brimble Sara , Chorley Katherine , Harrison Emma , Lowry James , Page Jessica
Published: January 2019

Purpose

Open government data and access to public sector information is commonplace, yet little attention has focussed on the essential roles and responsibilities in practice of the information and records management professionals, who enable public authorities to deliver open data to citizens. This paper aims to consider the perspectives of open government and information practitioners in England on the procedural and policy implications of open data across local public authorities.

Design/methodology/approach

Using four case studies from different parts of the public sector in England (local government, higher education, National Health Service and hospital trust), the research involved master’s level students in the data collection and analysis, alongside academics, thus enhancing the learning experience of students.

Findings

There was little consistency in the location of responsibility for open government data policy, the range of job roles involved or the organisational structures, policy and guidance in place to deliver this function. While this may reflect the organisational differences and professional concerns, it makes it difficult to share best practice. Central government policy encourages public bodies to make their data available for re-use. However, local practice is very variable and perhaps understandably responds more to local organisational strategic and resource priorities. The research found a lack of common metadata standards for open data, different choices about which data to open, problems of data redundancy, inconsistency and data integrity and a wide variety of views on the corporate and public benefits of open data.

Research limitations/implications

The research is limited to England and to non-national public bodies and only draws data from a small number of case studies.

Originality/value

The research contributes to the debate about emerging issues around the complexities of open government data and its public benefits, contributing to the discussions around technology-enabled approaches to citizen engagement and governance. It offers new insights into the interaction between open data and public policy objectives, drawing on the experience of local public sectors in England.
Swollen Lips After a Night of Partying—An Allergic Reaction to Ecstasy?
Authors: Schröder Ann Sophie , Andresen‐Streichert Hilke , Anders Sven
Published: January 2019

Ecstasy (MDMA) is a mood‐lifting drug with numerous somatic side effects, for example, dehydration or continuous chewing and biting. We describe the case of a young woman who underwent a forensic medical examination for suspected sexual assault. She claimed to have suffered from a memory lapse, and she had a painful swelling of her lips with a plaque‐like coating on her lips and buccal mucosa. The attending physician suspected that these findings might have been caused by strong sucking pressure on her lips within the context of a sexual assault. A toxicological examination of a blood specimen verified that she had been under the influence of an extremely high dose of ecstasy (1.456 mg/L MDMA and 0.0213 mg/L MDA). Pursuant to the forensic medical assessment, the described findings on her lips, and buccal mucosa were interpreted as an allergic and mechanical reaction (through continuous chewing and biting) to ecstasy.
Habitat Improvements and Fish Community Response Associated with an Agricultural Two‐Stage Ditch in Mower County, Minnesota
Authors: DeZiel Brenda (Asmus) , Krider Lori , Hansen Brad , Magner Joseph , Wilson Bruce , Kramer Geoff , Nieber John
Published: January 2019

Water quality and stream habitat in agricultural watersheds are under greater scrutiny as hydrologic pathways are altered to increase crop production. Ditches have been traditionally constructed to remove water from agricultural lands. Little attention has been placed on alternative ditch designs that are more stable and provide greater habitat diversity for wildlife and aquatic species. In 2009, 1.89 km of a conventional drainage ditch in Mower County, Minnesota, was converted to a two‐stage ditch (TSD) with small, adjacent floodplains to mimic a natural system. Cross section surveys, conducted pre‐ and post‐construction, generally indicate a stable channel with minor adjustments over time. Vegetation surveys showed differences in species composition and biomass between the slopes and the benches, with changes ongoing. Longitudinal surveys demonstrated a 12‐fold increase in depth variability. Fish habitat quality improved with well‐sorted gravel riffles and deeper pool habitat. The biological response to improved habitat quality was investigated using a Fish Index of Biological Integrity (FIBI). Our results show higher FIBI scores post‐construction with scores more similar to natural streams. In summary, the TSD demonstrated improvements in riparian and instream habitat quality and fish communities, which showed greater fish species richness, higher percentages of gravel spawning fish, and better FIBI scores. This type of management tool could benefit ditches in other regions where gradient and geology allow.
Does the addition of fentanyl to ketamine improve haemodynamics, intubating conditions or mortality in emergency department intubation: A systematic review
Authors: Ferguson Ian , Bliss James , Aneman Anders
Published: January 2019

Background

Ketamine is an induction agent frequently used for general anaesthesia in emergency medicine. Generally regarded as haemodynamically stable, it can cause hypertension and tachycardia and may cause or worsen shock. The effects of ketamine may be improved by the addition of fentanyl to the induction regime. We conducted a systematic review to identify evidence with regard to the effect of adding fentanyl to an induction regime of ketamine and a paralysing agent on post‐induction haemodynamics, intubating conditions and mortality.

Methods

We conducted a search of the Cochrane library, EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROQUEST, OpenGrey and clinical trial registries. Prominent authors were contacted in order to identify additional literature pertinent to the research question. Studies were included if they pertained to intubation of adult patients in the prehospital or emergency department environments and included an induction regime of ketamine and a paralysing agent, with at least one outcome measure of haemodynamics, intubating conditions or mortality. Search results were reviewed by two investigators independently, adjudicated by a third investigator where disagreement occurred.

Results

One observational study was identified that partially answered the research question.

Discussion

Only one observational study was identified that partially answered the research question. This paper demonstrated that the use of fentanyl as a pretreatment increases the incidence of post‐induction hypotension, a phenomenon that was seen with propofol, midazolam and ketamine. The difference in hypotension between these agents was not statistically significant. The impact of this on patient‐orientated outcomes is unclear.
Whole‐genome sequencing reveals a large deletion in the MITF gene in horses with white spotted coat colour and increased risk of deafness
Authors: Henkel J. , Lafayette C. , Brooks S. A. , Martin K. , Patterson‐Rosa L. , Cook D. , Jagannathan V. , Leeb T.
Published: January 2019

White spotting phenotypes in horses are highly valued in some breeds. They are quite variable and may range from the common white markings up to completely white horses. EDNRB, KIT, MITF, PAX3 and TRPM1 represent known candidate genes for white spotting phenotypes in horses. For the present study, we investigated an American Paint Horse family segregating a phenotype involving white spotting and blue eyes. Six of eight horses with the white‐spotting phenotype were deaf. We obtained whole‐genome sequence data from an affected horse and specifically searched for structural variants in the known candidate genes. This analysis revealed a heterozygous ~63‐kb deletion spanning exons 6–9 of the MITF gene (chr16:21 503 211–21 566 617). We confirmed the breakpoints of the deletion by PCR and Sanger sequencing. PCR‐based genotyping revealed that all eight available affected horses from the family carried the deletion. The finding of an MITF variant fits well with the syndromic phenotype involving both depigmentation and an increased risk for deafness and corresponds to human Waardenburg syndrome type 2A. Our findings will enable more precise genetic testing for depigmentation phenotypes in horses.
Graph coloring for extracting discriminative genes in cancer data
Authors: Mahfouz Mohamed A. , Nepomuceno Juan A.
Published: January 2019

Background and objective

The major difficulty of the analysis of the input gene expression data in a microarray‐based approach for an automated diagnosis of cancer is the large number of genes (high dimensionality) with many irrelevant genes (noise) compared to the very small number of samples. This research study tackles the dimensionality reduction challenge in this area.

Methods

This research study introduces a dimension‐reduction technique termed graph coloring approach (GCA) for microarray data‐based cancer classification based on analyzing the absolute correlation between gene–gene pairs and partitioning genes into several hubs using graph coloring. GCA starts by a gene‐selection step in which top relevant genes are selected using a biserial correlation. Each time, a gene from an ordered list of top relevant genes is selected as the hub gene (representative) and redundant genes are added to its group; the process is repeated recursively for the remaining genes. A gene is considered redundant if its absolute correlation with the hub gene is greater than a controlling threshold. A suitable range for the threshold is estimated by computing a percentage graph for the absolute correlation between gene–gene pairs. Each value in the estimated range for the threshold can efficiently produce a new feature subset.

Results

GCA achieved significant improvement over several existing techniques in terms of higher accuracy and a smaller number of features. Also, genes selected by this method are relevant genes according to the information stored in scientific repositories.

Conclusions

The proposed dimension‐reduction technique can help biologists accurately predict cancer in several areas of the body.
Exposure–response analysis of blinatumomab in patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and comparison with standard of care chemotherapy
Authors: Kuchimanchi Mita , Zhu Min , Clements John D. , Doshi Sameer
Published: January 2019

Aims

The relationship between blinatumomab exposure and efficacy endpoints (occurrence of complete remission [CR] and duration of overall survival [OS]) or adverse events (occurrence of cytokine release syndrome [CRS] and neurological events) were investigated in adult patients with relapsed/refractory acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (r/r ALL) receiving blinatumomab or standard of care (SOC) chemotherapy to evaluate appropriateness of the blinatumomab dosing regimen.

Methods

Exposure, efficacy and safety data from adult patients (n = 646) with r/r ALL receiving stepwise (9 then 28 μg/day, 4‐week cycle) continuous intravenous infusion (n = 537) of blinatumomab or SOC (n = 109) chemotherapy were pooled from phase 2 and 3 studies. The occurrence of CR, neurological and CRS events, and duration of OS were analysed using Cox proportional hazards models or logistic regression, as appropriate. Confounding factors were tested multivariately as needed.

Results

Blinatumomab steady‐state concentration following 28 μg/day dosing was associated with the probability of achieving CR (odds ratio and 95% confidence interval: 1.073 [1.033–1.114]), and a longer duration of OS compared to SOC (hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval: 0.954 [0.936–0.973], P < .05) in multivariate analyses. The exposure–safety analyses indicated that blinatumomab steady‐state concentration following the 9 or 28 μg/day dose was not associated with increased probability of CRS or neurological events, after accounting for blinatumomab treatment effect (P > .05).

Conclusions

Blinatumomab step‐dosing regimen of 9/28 μg/day provided treatment benefit in achieving CR and increasing the duration of OS over SOC and was appropriate in management of CRS and neurological events in patients with r/r ALL.
Essentialization of Social Categories Across Development in Two Cultures
Authors: Davoodi Telli , Soley Gaye , Harris Paul L. , Blake Peter R.
Published: January 2019

Children display an “essentialist” bias in their everyday thinking about social categories. However, the degree and form of this bias varies with age and with the nature of the categories, as well as across cultures. This project investigated the development of the essentialist bias across five social categories (i.e., gender, nationality, religious affiliation, socioeconomic status (rich/poor), and sports‐team supporter) in two countries. Children between 5 and 10 years of age in Turkey (Study 1,N = 74) and the United States (Study 2,N = 73), as well as adults in both countries (Study 3,N = 223), participated. Results indicate surprising cross‐cultural parallels with respect to both the rank ordering of essentialist thinking across these five categories and increasing differentiation among them over development.
The Me in Memory: The Role of the Self in Autobiographical Memory Development
Authors: Ross Josephine , Hutchison Jacqui , Cunningham Sheila J.
Published: January 2019

This article tests the hypothesis that self‐development plays a role in the offset of childhood amnesia; assessing the importance of both the capacity to anchor a memory to the self‐concept, and the strength of the self‐concept as an anchor. This research demonstrates for the first time that the volume of 3‐ to 6‐year old's specific autobiographical memories is predicted by both the volume of their self‐knowledge, and their capacity for self‐source monitoring within self‐referencing paradigms (N = 186). Moreover, there is a bidirectional relation between self and memory, such that autobiographical memory mediates the link between self‐source monitoring and self‐knowledge. These predictive relations suggest that the self‐memory system is active in early childhood.
Cumulative harm in the child protection system: The Australian context
Authors: Sheehan Rosemary
Published: January 2019

Cumulative harm is a major child protection concern, with significant consequences for child well‐being and development often into adult life. This systematic literature review examines how the construct of cumulative harm is understood and operationalized within current Australian child protection legislation, policy, and practice and situates this within an international context. Scholarly articles and grey literature were qualitatively analysed to explore two main research questions: How is cumulative harm to children identified, assessed, and ultimately incorporated into child protection and legal structures? And what are the most effective responses to cumulative harm identified for child protection practice?

What was found was that although the construct of cumulative harm is increasingly incorporated into child protection practice and legislation, in practice, this remains crisis‐driven. Although the literature emphasized prevention and early intervention as responses to reducing the cumulative impact of adverse childhood experiences, there is negligible research on what constitutes an effective response to cases involving cumulative harm. They are cases which are less visible within the child protection paradigm; attention to the impact of risk of maltreatment and its influence on long‐term developmental outcomes is less well addressed creating uncertainty and ambiguity about effective responses for child protection.
Prevalence and trajectories of depressive symptoms among mothers of children with newly diagnosed epilepsy: A longitudinal 10‐year study
Authors: Puka Klajdi , Ferro Mark A. , Anderson Kelly K. , Speechley Kathy N.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Parental depression significantly impacts children’s health and well‐being. This study aimed to (1) estimate the prevalence of depressive symptoms, at six time points, among mothers over the first 10 years after their child was diagnosed with epilepsy; (2) identify trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms over time; and (3) identify baseline factors associated with each trajectory.

Methods

Data came from the Health‐Related Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy Study (HERQULES), a Canada‐wide prospective cohort study. Data on child, parent, and family characteristics were collected at the time of diagnosis, and follow‐ups at 0.5, 1, 2, 8, and 10 years. Maternal depressive symptoms were measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale. Trajectories of depressive symptoms were evaluated using latent class growth modeling, and multinomial logistic regression was used to identify baseline factors associated with each trajectory.

Results

A total of 356 mothers participated in the study, of whom 57% scored in the at‐risk range for major depression disorder (period‐prevalence). Four unique trajectories were identified as follows: “Low‐Stable” (29% of mothers), “Intermediate‐Stable” (46%), “High‐Stable” (20%), and “High‐Decreasing” (5%). Positive family environment was consistently associated with a better trajectory of depressive symptoms over time; other significant factors included type of seizures, child cognitive comorbidity, maternal age, and maternal education.

Significance

A substantial proportion of mothers of children with epilepsy are at risk for depression, and this risk is stable over the long term. Family environment at the time of diagnosis has long‐term and persistent effects and may be an ideal target for interventions.
Transitioning to practice in long‐term care: New graduate nurses’ experience of an accelerated transition to nurse leader
Authors: Whitmore Carly , Kaasalainen Sharon , Ploeg Jenny , Baxter Pamela
Published: January 2019

Aim

To describe the transition to practice experience of new graduate nurses in long‐term care.

Background

Nursing is facing increasing pressures related to outpaced demands and a greater acuity of patients accessing services. Hiring new graduate nurses into long‐term care (LTC) is a strategy to counteract these pressures, however, little is known about the transition experience of new graduate Registered and Licensed Practical Nurses in this setting.

Design

A qualitative, explanatory case‐study design explored the transition to practice experience of seven new graduate nurses and the observations of two LTC directors from two homes. The study focused on the self‐described transition to practice experience and those contextual factors present in LTC that influenced this experience.

Methods

Thematic analysis of semi‐structured interview transcripts and key document review were completed in 2017.

Results

Results of this study introduced contextual factors that must be considered in LTC as each influences the transition to practice experienced by new graduate nurses. These factors included five processes that resulted in an accelerated transition to practice experience: (a) struggling to meet expectations; (b) practicing in isolation; (c) relying on others; (d) developing skill and confidence despite challenges; and (e) recognizing complexity and value in LTC practice.

Conclusion

The findings from this study refute universally applied transition to practice theory and contribute new understanding of the experience of the new graduate nurses in LTC settings. This study reinforces the need for greater support for nursing graduates in LTC settings.
Dynamics ofCaligus rogercresseyi(Boxshall & Bravo, 2000) in farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in southern Chile: Are we controlling sea lice?
Authors: Mancilla‐Schulz Jorge , Marín Sandra L. , Molinet Carlos
Published: January 2019

Caligus rogercresseyigenerates the greatest losses in the salmon industry in Chile. The relationship between salmon farming and sea lice is made up of various components: the parasite, host, environment and farming practices, which make it difficult to identify patterns in parasite population dynamics to define prevention and control strategies. The objectives of this study were to analyse and compare the effect of farming, sanitary practices and environmental variables on the abundance of gravid females (GF) and juveniles (JUV) ofC. rogercresseyionSalmo salarin three Salmon Neighborhood Areas (SNAs) in Region 10, south of Chile. Linear mixed‐effects models of the negative binomial distribution were used to evaluate the effect of the different explanatory variables on GF and JUV. Productive variables were the key drivers explaining the abundance of GF and JUV. Results suggest thatC. rogercresseyiis not controlled and JUV are persistent in the three SNAs, and sanitary practices do not control the dissemination of the parasite among sites. Environmental variables had a low impact on sea lice abundance. There is a need to perform analysis for modelling of parasite population dynamics to improve Integrated Pest Management, including changes in the governance to achieve an effective prevention and control.
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) as a novel frontier in epileptogenesis: from pathogenesis to therapeutic approaches
Authors: Paudel Yam Nath , Semple Bridgette D. , Jones Nigel C. , Othman Iekhsan , Shaikh Mohd. Farooq
Published: January 2019

Epilepsy is a serious neurological condition exhibiting complex pathology and deserving of more serious attention. More than 30% of people with epilepsy are not responsive to more than 20 anti‐epileptic drugs currently available, reflecting an unmet clinical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Not much is known about the pathogenesis of epilepsy, but evidence indicates that neuroinflammation might contribute to the onset and progression of epilepsy following acquired brain insults. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these pathophysiological processes are yet to be fully understood. The emerging research suggests that high‐mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1), a DNA‐binding protein that is both actively secreted by inflammatory cells and released by necrotic cells, might contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. HMGB1 as an initiator and amplifier of neuroinflammation, and its activation is implicated in the propagation of seizures in animal models. The current review will highlight the potential role of HMGB1 in the pathogenesis of epilepsy, and implications of HMGB1‐targeted therapies against epilepsy. HMGB1 in this context is an emerging concept deserving further exploration. Increased understanding of HMGB1 in seizures and epilepsy will pave the way in designing novel and innovative therapeutic strategies that could modify the disease course or prevent its development.

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Neuroserpin expression during human brain development and in adult brain revealed by immunohistochemistry and single cell RNA sequencing
Authors: Adorjan Istvan , Tyler Teadora , Bhaduri Aparna , Demharter Samuel , Finszter Cintia Klaudia , Bako Maria , Sebok Oliver Marcell , Nowakowski Tomasz J. , Khodosevich Konstantin , Møllgård Kjeld , Kriegstein Arnold R. , Shi Lei , Hoerder‐Suabedissen Anna , Ansorge Olaf , Molnár Zoltán
Published: January 2019

Neuroserpin is a serine‐protease inhibitor mainly expressed in the CNS and involved in the inhibition of the proteolytic cascade. Animal models confirmed its neuroprotective role in perinatal hypoxia‐ischaemia and adult stroke. Although neuroserpin may be a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of the aforementioned conditions, there is still no information in the literature on its distribution during human brain development. The present study provides a detailed description of the changing spatiotemporal patterns of neuroserpin focusing on physiological human brain development. Five stages were distinguished within our examined age range which spanned from the 7th gestational week until adulthood. In particular, subplate and deep cortical plate neurons were identified as the main sources of neuroserpin production between the 25th gestational week and the first postnatal month. Our immunohistochemical findings were substantiated by single cell RNA sequencing data showing specific neuronal and glial cell types expressing neuroserpin. The characterization of neuroserpin expression during physiological human brain development is essential for forthcoming studies which will explore its involvement in pathological conditions, such as perinatal hypoxia‐ischaemia and adult stroke in human.
Nebulised hypertonic saline in children with bronchiolitis admitted to the paediatric intensive care unit: A retrospective study
Authors: Stobbelaar Kim , Kool Mirjam , de Kruijf Damaris , Van Hoorenbeeck Kim , Jorens Philippe , De Dooy Jozef , Verhulst Stijn
Published: January 2019

Aim

Bronchiolitis is one of the most common lower respiratory tract infections in young children, associated with significant morbidity, but limited therapeutic options. Nebulised hypertonic saline (HS) has been a supportive treatment until current guidelines advised against its routine use. Accordingly, the University Hospital of Antwerp recently changed their policies to stop using it, allowing us to evaluate retrospectively if HS influences the duration of respiratory support. Because, to our knowledge, the effect of HS on children with severe bronchiolitis admitted to a paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) has not been studied yet, we aimed to investigate the effect in this specific patient group.

Methods

Retrospective study including children up to the age of 2, admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis from October 2013 until March 2016. The primary end point is the duration of respiratory support, including high flow nasal cannula, continuous positive airway pressure and invasive ventilation.

Results

A total of 104 children admitted to the PICU with bronchiolitis were included, with an average age of 3.4 months. In respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) positive patients, the use of nebulised HS was correlated with a decrease in the duration of respiratory support and the length of stay by factors 0.72 (P = 0.01) and 0.81 (P = 0.04), respectively.

Conclusions

A significant correlation was found between the use of HS and a decreased duration of respiratory support and admission in the PICU in patients with RSV bronchiolitis. This finding may warrant new prospective studies investigating HS specifically in children with severe bronchiolitis.
Estimation of geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity in stationary random closed sets
Authors: Neumann Matthias , Hirsch Christian , Staněk Jakub , Beneš Viktor , Schmidt Volker
Published: January 2019

We investigate the problem of estimating geodesic tortuosity and constrictivity as two structural characteristics of stationary random closed sets. They are of central importance for the analysis of effective transport properties in porous or composite materials. Loosely speaking, geodesic tortuosity measures the windedness of paths, whereas the notion of constrictivity captures the appearance of bottlenecks resulting from narrow passages within a given materials phase. We first provide mathematically precise definitions of these quantities and introduce appropriate estimators. Then, we show strong consistency of these estimators for unboundedly growing sampling windows. In order to apply our estimators to real data sets, the extent of edge effects needs to be controlled. This is illustrated using a model for a multiphase material that is incorporated in solid oxide fuel cells.
Low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and impaired bone health: A survey of elite para athletes
Authors: Brook Emily M. , Tenforde Adam S. , Broad Elizabeth M. , Matzkin Elizabeth G. , Yang Heidi Y. , Collins Jamie E. , Blauwet Cheri A.
Published: January 2019

Introduction

The Female Athlete Triad (Triad) is a syndrome describing three interrelated conditions: low energy availability (LEA), menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD). Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED‐S) expands the Triad to include multiple physiologic consequences of LEA in both sexes. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence of factors associated with the Triad/RED‐S in an elite para athlete population.

Methods

Athletes were U.S. elite para athletes training to qualify for the 2016 or the 2018 Paralympic Games. Participants completed an online questionnaire characterizing nutrition, menstrual status (in females), bone health, and awareness of the Triad/RED‐S.

Results

The athletes were 260 elite para athletes (150 male, 110 female). While few reported prior eating disorder (3.1%), 32.4% had elevated Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) pathologic behavior subscale scores. Most athletes (95 male, 65 female) were attempting to change their body composition or weight to improve performance. Forty‐four percent of premenopausal females had oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea. Bone stress injury was reported in 9.2% of athletes; of these, 54.5% (n = 12) had low BMD. Less than 10% of athletes reported awareness of the Triad/RED‐S.

Conclusions

Factors associated with the Triad/RED‐S are present in an elite para athlete population, regardless of sex or sport type. Awareness of the Triad/RED‐S in para athletes is low. The consequences of LEA in para athlete populations are poorly understood. However, the high prevalence of factors observed suggests value in advancing screening tools and education efforts to optimize health in this population.
Novel first‐year curriculum in high‐value care
Authors: Steele Christopher , Cayea Danelle , Berk Justin , Riddell Rebecca , Kumra Tina , McGuire Maura , Pahwa Amit K
Published: January 2019

Background

Most medical schools teach a high‐value care (HVC) curriculum during the clinical years. Currently, there lacks any research demonstrating the effectiveness of the HVC curriculum taught to students in their first year of medical school.

Methods

A total of 118 of 466 first‐year medical students at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine between 2013 and 2017 enrolled on an HVC course that provided the initial framework necessary to practice cost‐conscious clinical medicine. The curriculum was evaluated by comparing the performance of students who completed the course with the performance of students without training, through a standardised patient encounter on musculoskeletal back pain and how to approach a patient's request for imaging. Chi‐square testing was used to assess the impact of the course on performance in a standardised patient encounter.

Results

Students enrolled on the HVC course were more likely, compared with their counterparts, to assure patients that back pain was a simple strain (48 versus 31%), and were less likely to ask for preceptor help on how to proceed with management (11 versus 29%) [χ2(4, n = 466) = 14.28, p = 0.007]. There were no differences between students enrolled on the HVC course who had not yet received training compared with students taking another elective [χ2(4, n = 385) = 8.73, p = 0.07].

Discussion

This is the first study to assess the effectiveness of an HVC curriculum for first‐year medical students, and it demonstrates promise that they can acquire some skill sets necessary for cost‐effective practice in a simulated clinical setting.

This is the first study to assess the effectiveness of an HVC curriculum for first‐year medical students, and it demonstrates promise that they can acquire some skill sets necessary for cost‐effective practice
Pilot study using five methods to evaluate skin barrier function in healthy dogs and in dogs with atopic dermatitis
Authors: Cobiella Danielle , Archer Linda , Bohannon Mary , Santoro Domenico
Published: January 2019

Background

Atopic dermatitis is associated with skin barrier defects. In people, noninvasive techniques are used to quantify the skin barrier functionality. In dogs, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration and pH have been used to assess skin barrier function. However, few studies have determined their repeatability.

Objective

To assess the repeatability of measurements of skin hydration, TEWL, pH, skin absorbance and erythema in healthy and atopic dogs.

Animals

Fifteen healthy and 15 atopic privately owned dogs.

Methods and materials

Three repeated measurements using Corneometer®, Skin‐pH‐Meter®, Colorimeter® and VapoMeter® were obtained from inguinal, axilla, pinna and interdigital space by three investigators. Intra‐ and interobserver variability (coefficient of variation, correlation coefficients and intraclass correlation coefficients) and difference between the two groups (t‐test or Mann–Whitney U‐test) were determined.

Results

High repeatability and low variation were observed both intra‐ and interobservers for all devices except the VapoMeter®. The most repeatable device was the Skin‐pH‐Meter®, whereas the VapoMeter® was the device with the highest intra‐ and interobserver variability. Atopic dogs had a significantly increased pH (inguinal P = 0.03; axilla P = 0.02) and erythema (inguinal P = 0.01; axilla P = 0.02) compared to healthy dogs. No differences between the two groups were detected using the Corneometer®, VapoMeter® or Colorimeter® (tartrazine absorption).

Conclusion and clinical significance

The results of this pilot study support the use of Corneometer®, Skin‐pH‐Meter® and Colorimeter® in the assessment of skin barrier function in dogs; further investigations to optimize measurements and confirm these results are needed.
An urban governance approach in the development of commercial brownfield: A case study of Iskandar Malaysia
Authors: Ling Gabriel Hoh Teck , Chyi Pung Jia
Published: January 2019

Brownfield development has become one of the sectors to be emphasised imperatively due to emerging greenfield scarcity throughout Malaysia. A brownfield site may have real or perceived contamination issues that require intervention to revive for beneficial use. As of to-date, there is still a number of brownfield sites in Iskandar Malaysia, albeit brownfield revival projects, via planning and policy measures, have been carried out over the years. In this light, a mode of governance is suggested to be a significant factor in the stagnation and success of brownfield development. Therefore, this paper aims to revisit the urban governance modes of brownfield development in Iskandar Malaysia, with a focus on commercial brownfield development. Specifically, two objectives are highlighted in this paper: (i) to assess the site-level success of completed brownfield developments, namely the Paradigm Mall, Skudai and the Danga City Mall, Johor Bahru; and based on the assessment outcomes, it is then (ii) to identify an efficient and suitable mode of governance for commercial use brownfield development. A measuring tool and an indexing scheme to screen brownfield sites were employed alternately. Results show that the Paradigm Mall achieved a higher site-level success compared to the Danga City Mall. Under this light, compared to the corporatist mode of governance, the clientelistic mode of governance with a material objective is highly in relation to a better success of commercial use brownfield development in the background of Iskandar Malaysia. These findings offer valuable messages and insights to practitioners, particularly local policy-makers, that an often-neglected governance mode approach is essential in determining the brownfield development outcome.
Farmers’ Experiences with the Giant African Snail Infestation: A Case Study in the Orange Grove Farming District, Trinidad West Indies
Authors: Ramdwar Marcus
Published: January 2019

The giant African snail was confirmed to be present in Trinidad in October, 2008. The study presents a case study on the farmers’ experiences with the giant African snail in Orange Grove, an active agricultural district in Trinidad which confirmed the presence of the snail in 2016, eight years after it was confirmed on the island. A qualitative approach was undertaken for this investigation. A semi-structured survey instrument was administered to thirty (30) participants who were impacted by the presence of the snail in their crop production fields. A purposive and convenience sampling strategy was used to select the participants for the study. Additionally, prolonged engagement and persistent observation techniques were used to capture the farmers’ experiences with the snail infestation in their crop fields for a period of ten (10) months. The information gathered from the study was analyzed using thematic analysis. The main themes derived from the analysis were “crop production practices influence on the giant African snail infestation”, “unmanaged and excessive weed growth” and “current approaches for controlling the giant African snail”. The study concluded that uncoordinated approaches for the management of the snail population and the lack of collective action among the members of the farming community could sustain the pest population in this farming area. Strategic planning and collective synchronized action among the farmers are crucial to containing, suppressing and eradicating the snail population within this crop farming area.
Challenging the oppressive social context by redesigning learning space. The case of a business ethics class in Russia
Authors: Kalnitskaya Polina
Published: January 2019

The traditional management educational methods like in class group activities derive from Western democratic principles and work well in tolerant and pluralistic climate. However, in dogmatic and oppressive social environment, they just reinforce the dominant culture and create obstacles to develop students' critical reflexive thinking. Learning space becomes constrained by different overwhelming contextual factors: from group pressure to an authoritarian political background. On the case of the Russian business ethics classroom, this paper examines the influence of an oppressive context on the learning space and offers an approach to weakening this influence by intensifying students' critical reflexivity using writing assignments and supportive teacher's feedback based on a narrative therapy approach.
Significados de la función pretendidos por el currículo de matemáticas chileno
Authors: Pino-Fan Luis Roberto , Parra-Urrea Yocelyn Elizabeth , Castro-Gordillo Walter Fernando
Published: January 2019

En esta investigación, analizamos la representatividad de los significados pretendidos para la función por el currículo chileno de matemáticas. Para ello, se realiza tanto la reconstrucción del significado holístico de referencia, mediante una revisión documental de estudios histórico-epistemológicos, como la determinación del significado pretendido por el currículo chileno de matemáticas, para la función, a través del análisis de sus programas de estudio y de libros de texto sugeridos. Los resultados permiten evaluar la riqueza matemática de los significados pretendidos por el currículo chileno, además de proporcionar información que los profesores deberían conocer para gestionar adecuadamente los aprendizajes de sus estudiantes.
La escucha declinada en 'Theatre Piece' de John Cage
Authors: Bayo Norberto
Published: January 2019

El legado de John Cage se sitúa en los límites de la abstracción sonora a partir de una notación musical instruccionalizada y de alto valor visual expositivo. Desde la década de los cincuenta hasta la publicación de Silencio (1961), las composiciones de tipo panteístico que aquí señalaremos responderán al descubrimiento de un nuevo tipo de configuración de eventos “temperados” a partir del oracular I Ching. Su mayorazgo filosófico correrá el riesgo de caer en una efímera entropía conceptual si no se tiene en cuenta la medida del tiempo para enfrentarse al evento, consecuente de la práctica pedagógica profesional en nuestro caso. Transitar la aleatoriedad en trabajos como Theatre Piece (1960) propone compartir un diálogo familiar de prácticas sonoras nacientes para cada disciplina. La esterilidad que ha sufrido la obra panteística de Cage en los últimos treinta años ha posibilitado desmarañar el conflicto conceptual que implica la desmaterialización del hecho sonoro. La desfundamentación que aquí buscamos tiene que ver con una relectura de la contemporaneidad híbrida en el encuentro creativo que hace visible una metodología procesual y disruptiva en América Latina capaz de transformar la capacidad de las estrategias institucionales transmitiendo colectividades. La propuesta silenciosa con la que Cage desordena la sabiduría occidental des-esterilizante permite a las prácticas escénicas contemporáneas sentir la necesidad de desmaterializar la naturaleza musical a favor de un tributo al espacio mediador tras favorecer los debates intergeneracionales en, desde y para lo sonoro.
Perturbaciones sonoras, resonancias visuales: reflexiones sobre el sonido en tres filmes experimentales
Authors: Urrutia Neno Carolina , Fernandez Ana
Published: January 2019

El artículo analiza los imaginarios y espacios sonoros en tres películas chilenas recientes producidas por la productora Diluvio: Lucía (Atallah 2010), Rey (Atallah 2017) y La casa lobo (Cociña y León 2018). A partir de estos filmes, estudiaremos los diversos usos del sonido como un dispositivo estratégico para resignificar tanto las propuestas narrativas como los materiales audiovisuales utilizados. Las películas estudiadas comparten ciertos aspectos de un cine de ficción de tipologías realistas, al modo en que lo comprenden algunos teóricos del realismo, junto con la representación subjetiva y expresiva del cine experimental y expandido. Proponemos una lectura de obra desde el lugar bisagra entre lo cinematográfico y las artes visuales, deteniéndonos en las diferentes prácticas de cada obra, para exponer y contrastar los diferentes usos del sonido que van tensando los modos de trabajar los ruidos, el silencio, el fuera de campo, el sonido de los materiales de expresión y la construcción y destrucción de lo sonoro y lo plástico.