bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GО‘ZАLLIK VА АХLОQIY QАDRIYАTLАRNING MАDАNIY VА IJTIMОIY NUQTАI NАZАRDАN О‘ZGАRISHI
Authors: Qахоrоv Рulоtjоn
Published: February 2025

The аrticle аnаlyzes chаnges in аesthetic аnd mоrаl vаlues frоm а culturаl аnd sоciаl роint оf view. Chаnges in the аesthetic аnd mоrаl side оf beаuty in mоdern sоciety, the rоle оf culture, educаtiоn аnd sоciаl fаctоrs in this рrоcess аre cоnsidered. The hаrmоny between the eхternаl аnd internаl beаuty оf а рersоn, аs well аs the fоrmаtiоn оf mоrаl vаlues, is аlsо eхрlоred.
GENDERED EXPRESSIONS OF RESPECT IN LANGUAGE: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
Authors: Yusupova Sabohatkhan , Rakhmatullayeva Dilnozakhаn
Published: February 2025

This article explores the linguistic expressions of respect across genders in various cultural and social contexts. The study examines how men and women differ in their use of language to convey respect, focusing on sociolinguistic patterns, emotional language, and pragmatic strategies.
¡Señor, concédeme la restricción del carbono, pero todavía no!
Authors:   Griffith University, Dodson Jago , Sipe Neil ,   Griffith University
Published: February 2025

En este artículo se examina la experiencia australiana en su transición global hacia fuentes de energía menos centradas en el carbono y el petróleo. En primer lugar, el artículo expone la actual situación energética de Australia y los patrones actuales de uso y dependencia energética. A continuación se explica que los sistemas de transporte urbano australianos dependen en gran medida del petróleo y se describen las consecuencias sociales de estos patrones. En tercer lugar, el artículo expone la política nacional energética y la importancia de las exportaciones energéticas para la configuración de esta política. Por último, el artículo evalúa los planes metropolitanos ante los imperativos energéticos y describe las medidas públicas recientemente tomadas para acelerar el avance hacia una transición energética.
El comercio electrónico B2C desde el punto de vista de las empresas. Comparación de dos contextos diferentes (España y Japón)
Authors:   Universidad de Burgos, San Martín Gutiérrez Sonia , Hernández Carrión Carlos ,   Universidad de Burgos, Valls Campà Lluís ,   Universidad Ritsumeikan (Kyoto)
Published: February 2025

El comercio electrónico es un fenómeno relativamente nuevo en España. Su implantación en hogares y empresas ha crecido notablemente en los últimos años aunque todavía no se ha generalizado, como lo demuestran los estudios realizados por diferentes instituciones. Muchas empresas se han adaptado a esta situación y han definido sus estrategias de venta on-line. El presente trabajo trata de profundizar en la comprensión del fenómeno a través de un estudio de carácter exploratorio y descriptivo en el que se ha utilizado tanto información secundaria, como información primaria obtenida, mediante técnicas cualitativas, de una muestra de empresas de dos contextos tan diferentes como España y Japón, con el objetivo de conocer sus puntos de vista acerca del comercio electrónico y analizar cómo empresas de diferentes orígenes se han adaptado a esta nueva forma de compraventa; así como comprobar si finalmente nos hallamos ante dos sistemas diferentes de comercio electrónico.
La reforma del sistema financiero internacional: las cuestiones núcleo-periferia y el patrón dólar
Authors:   Colorado State University, Vasudevan Ramaa
Published: February 2025

El patrón dólar flotante estaba basado en una búsqueda agresiva de la liberalización de los mercados financieros y en la integración asimétrica de los países periféricos en el sistema financiero internacional. El mecanismo de generación de liquidez internacional fue apuntalado por el apoyo coordinado de la liberalización comercial y financiera de los países en vías de desarrollo debido al interés por preservar la hegemonía del dólar. Esto ha permitido exportar la fragilidad financiera a la periferia durante dos décadas y media de déficit creciente de la balanza de pagos por cuenta corriente de EE.UU., a la vez que se confería mayor elasticidad al mecanismo de ajuste del centro. Los debates y negociaciones acerca de la modernización global de la arquitectura financiera internacional en la estela de la crisis actual necesitan tener en cuenta los asuntos centro-periferia.
El fenómeno de los 'global imbalances' y la crisis financiera actual
Authors:   Univeridad del País Vasco, Ferreiro Aparicio Jesús , Serrano Pérez Felipe ,   Universidad del País Vasco
Published: February 2025

El fenómeno de los desequilibrios mundiales es una de las causas de la actual crisis económica y financiera. Los flujos financieros asociados a los enormes desequilibrios de las balanzas de pagos por cuenta corriente están en la base de la crisis generalizada en los mercados financieros internacionales, incapaces de absorber eficientemente estos ingentes flujos de capitales. La experiencia actual muestra que las estrategias de crecimiento basadas en exportaciones masivas son insostenibles si éstas son aplicadas por grandes economías cuyos desequilibrios exteriores pueden originar grandes riesgos sistémicos.
La fallida búsqueda de la estabilidad
Authors:   Universidad de Leeds, Greenwood-Nimmo Matthew
Published: February 2025

La paradoja de Minsky de que la estabilidad es desestabilizadora tiene implicaciones en las políticas de estabilización de los bancos centrales. El objetivo de la estabilidad de precios de los bancos centrales reside en el supuesto de que ésta engendra a su vez estabilidad financiera. Sin embargo, la hipótesis de Schwartz ha sido refutada en los últimos años por la creciente incidencia y gravedad de las burbujas financieras durante los periodos de prolongada estabilidad económica en los últimos años. A partir del método de estimación en dos etapas, este artículo demuestra que periodos de estabilidad definidos de forma diversa han conducido a crecientes niveles de endeudamientos corporativos en los EE.UU. desde los años setenta. Si se acepta que la capacidad de una empresa para afrontar sus deudas disminuye a medida que el ratio de deudas sobre el volumen de ventas o cifras de negocio, los resultados ofrecen un fuerte respaldo a la visión de Minsky.
The self-defeating pursuit of stability
Authors:   University of Leeds, Greenwood-Nimmo Matthew
Published: February 2025

Minsky’s contention that stability is destabilising has profound implications for the conduct of stabilisation policy. The pursuit of price stability by central banks rests on the assumption that (price-level) stability begets financial stability. However, that hypothesis has been violated in recent years by the increasing incidence and severity of financial bubbles during the most remarkable period of prolonged economic stability in recent memory. Using an uncontroversial two-step estimation procedure, this paper demonstrates that periods of stability variously defined have led to increased corporate leveraging in the US since the 1970s. If one accepts that a firm’s ability to service its debts decreases as the ratio of debts to income increases, ceteris paribus, the results provide strong support for the Minskyan view.
Interest rate exogeneity: theory, evidence and policy issues for the U.S. economy
Authors:   University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Pollin Robert
Published: February 2025

The idea of an exogenous money supply 'controlled entirely through central bank interventions' was a fundamental tenet of monetarism and New Classical economics. Post Keynesians have developed an extensive literature arguing that the money supply is in fact endogenous 'that market forces combine with central banks in establishing the money supply'. But Post Keynesians disagree on a related question: to what extent are interest rates set exogenously by central banks? This paper presents evidence regarding the movement of interest rates in U.S. financial markets relative to the Federal Reserve-controlled Federal Funds rate. Concluding that market interest rates are primarily set through market forces, that is, are largely endogenous. This is the instability of deregulated financial markets, which leads market participants to make wide swings in their risk assessments over time. It follows that effective regulatory policies to stabilize markets and control interest rates directly will increase the degree of interest rate exogeneity.
A Comprehensive Research on Hybrid Recommender Systems for Cardiac Patients' Dietary Preferences: Integrating Multiple Algorithms for Enhanced Accuracy
Authors: Mehta Dr. Nirav , Thaker Dr. Hetal , Thakrar Dr. Zalak
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we introduce a new recommender system called NBRS, specifically designed for making food recommendations to people with heart conditions. The NBRS system uses a combination of three different methods: a model that predicts based on what similar users like, a method that considers the most popular choices, and a personalized approach based on individual preferences. We tested the system using nine different techniques— BaselineOnly, CoClustering, KNNBasic, KNNWithMeans, KNNWithZScore, SlopeOne, SVD, SVD++, and Random Forest—to see how well they work in terms of accuracy, using measures like Mean Squared Error (MSE), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and R-squared (R²).We gathered a lot of data from both online and in-person sources, focusing on the food preferences and nutritional needs of people with heart conditions. By analyzing this data, we found important patterns that help us understand what kinds of foods are best. The NBRS system significantly improves how accurately it can make recommendations by blending the strengths of these different techniques. This approach is better at suggesting suitable food options for new users, too. Our research shows the value of using several methods together to create a powerful tool for personalized nutrition advice, which could help improve the eating habits and health of people with heart issues
Carcinomas basocelular e espinocelular: principais características dos tumores cutâneos não melanoma
Authors: Lima Felipe de Assis Rocha , Sales Hemily da Silva , Sleiman Lara Pechulo , Jafet Paula Fontes , Oliveira José Henrique Vanderlei , Cavalcante Miriã Ruiz , Gomes Lara Thayná Rodrigues , Discacciati Renato , Braga Tâmara Galdino , Oliveira Gabriel Silva Neto de , Silva Iasmyn Fernanda da Paixão , Massochin Amanda Ricardi
Published: February 2025

O presente estudo revisou as principais características dos tumores cutâneos não melanoma, utilizando uma abordagem de revisão integrativa. O objetivo foi explorar as principais características clínicas, epidemiológicas, histopatológicas e terapêuticas dos carcinomas basocelular e espinocelular. A metodologia consistiu em uma revisão integrativa realizada nas bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Cochrane e Medline, utilizando descritores de ciências da saúde relacionados ao tema, como “Carcinoma, Basal Cell”, “Carcinoma, Squamous Cell” e “Skin Neoplasms”. Os resultados mostraram que o carcinoma basocelular (CBC) é o mais comum e de crescimento lento, enquanto o carcinoma espinocelular (CEC) é mais agressivo e pode metastatizar, ambos relacionados à exposição solar crônica.
Analysis of Fiscal Policy and Financial Sustainability in Improving the Country's Economic Stability
Authors: Muslim Muslim , Bata Ilyas Muh. Fadhel G , Sani Amar
Published: February 2025

This study aims to comprehensively analyze the role of fiscal policy and financial sustainability in enhancing economic stability, particularly in developing nations facing budgetary constraints and economic uncertainty. The research seeks to identify key components of fiscal sustainability and highlight the importance of proactive fiscal planning, institutional reforms, and evidence-based strategies to foster resilience and mitigate economic vulnerabilities. This research adopts a qualitative systematic literature review (SLR) approach to synthesize findings from relevant empirical and theoretical studies published after 2018. The study develops a multidimensional framework for understanding the interaction between fiscal policies and financial sustainability by examining a broad range of scholarly articles, reports, and policy papers. The analysis focuses on key fiscal mechanisms, including countercyclical measures, automatic stabilizers, and governance frameworks.
The findings reveal that fiscal discipline, efficient taxation, and responsible debt management are essential to financial sustainability. Proactive budgetary policies, such as automatic stabilizers and counter-cyclical spending, can help stabilize economies during crises. However, the study identifies significant challenges in developing nations, including limited fiscal capacity, weak institutional frameworks, and reliance on external debt. The research emphasizes the need for institutional reforms to strengthen fiscal transparency, enhance public financial management, and foster accountability to build public trust and investor confidence. This study contributes to fiscal policy literature by presenting a holistic framework integrating budgetary sustainability and economic resilience. The practical recommendations highlight the importance of equitable tax policies, strategic public spending, and institutional capacity-building to support sustainable economic growth and long-term financial stability. Future research is recommended to validate these findings further through empirical case studies across different economic contexts.
Enhancing Point-of-Interest Recommendation Systems through Multi-Modal Data Integration in Location-Based Social Networks: Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Dutta P.K. , Kumar Anuj , Sakici Şehnaz , Mensah Benneh
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of location-based networks (LBSNs) has transformed many aspects of tourism and management by changing the way travelers interact with destinations. However, changes in data analysis pose a major challenge to POI computational models, limiting their ability to generate accurate, reliable language and information. This study reviews recent advances in integrating multiple datasets, machine learning algorithms, and artificial intelligence to improve POI recommendations. In particular, it explores integration techniques, opinion analysis, and context-awareness techniques to mitigate data constraints. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of real-time monitoring and creative strategies in sustainable management, especially in improving user experience and trust. The transparency and reliability of AI-based recommendations are essential for user adoption, optimization, and informed decision-making. This study also demonstrates the integration of spatial, temporal, and spatial information to improve the accuracy of recommendations and address issues such as bias, variability, and change over time. Using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), this paper presents future directions for generating accurate, user-friendly, and adaptive POI recommendations. Addressing data inconsistencies and enabling informed decision-making can lead to robust and sustainable LBSN-based systems, ultimately transforming the tourism experience and services of the region.
Representation of Nationalism in Local Media (Critical Discourse Analysis on Local Media Waspada Online)
Authors: Maulana Andinata Dalimunthe  , Sofiari Ananda
Published: February 2025

The role of local media as an instrument of Nationalism representation has an important impact in shaping national identity at the regional and local levels. Local media has a closer coverage of the community and a deeper understanding of local culture, traditions, and values. This study aims to find out the representation of citizen nationalism in local online media Waspada Online. Representation of nationalism by local media can accommodate cultural diversity and its voices, appreciate differences, and strengthen unity in the context of Indonesia. Research on the role of local media in representing nationalism has a fundamental urgency in building a sense of nationhood and statehood. The research method used is the media discourse analysis method. Data collection techniques were text analysis and in-depth interviews. Research informants came from Waspada journalists, the Tourism Office, tourism observers, and Waspada online readers who were considered representative. Analysis includes data reduction, data presentation, conclusion drawing, and verification. The results showed that of the six news articles analyzed using the CDA technique, actors, namely public officials, dominated the majority. This represents that the context of nationalism tends to be constructed at an elitist level. However, there was one article where one of the political actors could distort the news content so that most of the framing that emerged was the community
Un Arreglo de Cosechadores de Energía Basado en Flutter: Esquema de Integración Numérica en el Dominio del Tiempo
Authors: Aichino Agostina C. , Pérez Segura Martín E. , Beltramo Emmanuel , Ribero Santiago , Valdez Marcelo F. , Preidikman Sergio
Published: February 2025

Este artículo constituye la segunda parte de una serie de dos documentos que presentan el desarrollo e integración numérica, en el dominio del tiempo, de las ecuaciones de movimiento para un arreglo de cosechadores de energía basados en inestabilidades aeroelásticas. El principal desafío de este enfoque es la interdependencia entre las cargas aerodinámicas y el movimiento de los cosechadores. Para abordar esta complicación, se presenta el desarrollo de un esquema iterativo que considera esta interacción. El esquema se basa en un conjunto de adaptaciones e innovaciones del conocido método predictor-corrector de cuarto orden de Hamming que, para problemas como el atacado en este esfuerzo, resulta más apropiado que los métodos de tipo Runge-Kutta.
Modelado de la Saponificación de un Éster en un Reactor Tipo Batch Utilizando OpenFOAM
Authors: Mendoza Melisa I. , Corzo Santiago F. , Ramajo Damián E.
Published: February 2025

La saponificación es una reacción química en la que un éster reacciona con una base en presencia de agua para formar sales de ácidos grasos y alcohol. La velocidad de reacción depende de tres parámetros claves: la temperatura, la concentración de los reactivos y la velocidad de agitación de la mezcla. Esta reacción es estudiada en un reactor discontinuo de tipo batch mediante OpenFOAM(R) empleando dos solvers: chemF oam y reactingF oam. chemF oam resuelve la química de forma concentrada, asumiendo mezclado perfecto y proporciona la evolución ideal de la reacción. Con este solver se estudio la influencia de la temperatura y de la concentración inicial sobre la tasa de conversión. Por otro lado reactingF oam integra la química con la termofluidodinámica y permite analizar una amplia gama de condiciones de operación como por ejemplo la distribución inicial de reactivos o el efecto de introducir agitación mecánica. Este se empleó para determinar el efecto de un agitador mecánico bajo distintas distribuciones iniciales de reactivos, contrastando las simulaciones con datos experimentales y observando que la tasa de conversión aumenta al aumentar la agitación. Los resultados numéricos mostraron buen acuerdo con los experimentales, pero se debe continuar estudiando la relación entre la turbulencia y la velocidad de reacción.
Condición de Estabilidad Numérica para un Operador en Diferencias Finitas Utilizado para el Problema Inverso de Conducción de Calor
Authors: Sánchez Sarmiento Fernando B.
Published: February 2025

Se suele afirmar que los problemas inversos de conducción de calor son problemas mal condicionados. Esto es, que el problema no tiene solución, que su solución no es única o que la solución no es estable. Para discutir esta afirmación, el artículo presenta un análisis de la estabilidad numérica de un operador en diferencias finitas utilizado para el problema inverso. El análisis se realiza para el problema transitorio unidimensional con simetría de revolución en el cual se quiere conocer la condición de contorno (curva de temperatura o de flujo de calor) cuando se conoce la temperatura en el centro del sólido. Este problema corresponde al ensayo ISO 9950 utilizado para determinar la característica de enfriamiento de los aceites industriales templantes. Se concluye que los operadores son condicionalmente estables. Anteriormente se demostró la existencia y unicidad de la solución. Con este trabajo, se demuestra que este problema inverso de conducción de calor puede resultar bien condicionado, dependiendo de los parámetros numéricos que se utilicen.
《彼得罗夫流感》：从文学到电影的空间隐喻重构
Authors: 吕天威 吕天威
Published: February 2025

[摘要] 萨利尼科夫小说《彼得罗夫流感》通过多重空间隐喻揭示后苏联社会的个体身份危机和传统文化反思，谢列布连尼科夫电影《彼得罗夫的流感》则延续并重构了这一隐喻体系。基于列斐伏尔空间理论，分析两种媒介在空间隐喻建构中的延续与变异，探讨其互动关系，可以得知，小说通过语言的抽象性与符号化建构隐喻空间，电影则借助视觉化手段深化和扩展了空间隐喻文化批评的深度与广度。空间作为社会与文化批判的关键载体，在文学与影像的跨媒介对话中彰显了其叙事潜能和批评维度。
[关键词]《彼得罗夫流感》；阿列克谢·萨利尼科夫；空间隐喻；跨媒介改编；电影叙事
ИЗУЧЕНИЕ КИНЕТИКИ ЭКСТРАКЦИИ ЛИТИЯ
Authors: Рахимбаев Берик Сагидоллаулы , Хасанов Абдурашид Салиевич , Туробов Шахриддин Насриддинович , Комилов Ботир Аскаругли
Published: February 2025

This article examines modern methods of lithium extraction from natural and technogenic sources. An analysis of various lithium-containing minerals and their processing technologies is presented. Special attention is given to the kinetics of lithium extraction using liquid extractants. The factors affecting the efficiency of the process are studied, and optimization methods are proposed. The obtained results can be used to improve lithium extraction technologies on an industrial scale.
Socio-Economic Condition, Livelihood Pattern and Opportunities for Sustainable Intervention: A Rural Appraisal of Nameri, India
Authors: Ahmed Saikia Ashifuddin ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Commerce, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya, 9th Mile, Ri-Bhoi District, Meghalaya, India – 793101, Brahma Paridhi ,   Research Scholar, Department of Business Administration, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, Goswami Chandan ,   Professor, Department of Business Administration, Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam - 784028
Published: February 2025

Nameri National Park (NNP) is a major tourist attraction in Assam. Tourism in Assam is mostly
nature-based and rural. NNP is also surrounded by rural areas inhabited by numerous tribal
and non-tribal Assamese communities. The frontier villages of the National Park fall under the
village forests category of the Assam Forest Regulation Act of 1891. The legislation prohibits
any economic activity in those village forests that may impact the biodiversity of the National
Park. This limits the residents’ access to land rights, forest resources, livelihood options and
decisions regarding enhancing their standard of living. In light of the challenges experienced by
the residents of the village forests of NNP, this article is an effort to better understand the current
socio-economic condition of the four village forests of Nameri. This work was carried out under
the Special Assistance Programme of the University Grants Commission. The study identified and
recommended five areas where livelihood intervention activities could yield favourable results.
The authors argue that with a long-term realistic approach, efforts should primarily be focused
on these areas. It is argued that if more non-agricultural livelihood options can be promoted and
encouraged, overdependence on farming may be reduced. Nameri has significant potential to
grow as a rural or cultural tourism destination. Given the favourable characteristics of the area,
the tourism industry may prosper there if the right efforts are made. The study has also stressed
the importance of the local youth as a human resource and the potential for developing sustainable
alternatives to agriculture in the form of handicrafts and handloom and the production and
distribution of arecanut plates. This article can be used as a guide for implementing livelihood
generation/enhancement and capacity-building projects in these villages.
EFFECTS OF BOBATH EXERCISES COMBINED WITH GASOTRANSMITTER ON SPASTIC DIPLEGIC CP
Authors: Abid Hafsa , Shah Saleh , Babur Muhammad Naveed , Ikram Iqra
Published: February 2025

Background: Spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) is a neurological disorder primarily affecting lower limb movement due to impaired motor control and increased muscle tone. Gasotransmitters such as nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) have shown potential neuromodulatory benefits in various neurological conditions. Although Bobath exercises are widely used for CP management, the adjunct use of gasotransmitter therapy remains underexplored. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of combining Bobath exercises with gasotransmitter therapy on motor function, spasticity, and balance in children with spastic diplegic CP.
Objective: To assess the impact of adjunct gasotransmitter therapy with Bobath exercises on motor function, spasticity reduction, and balance improvement in children with spastic diplegic CP.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted on 48 children aged 6–18 years diagnosed with spastic diplegic CP. Participants were randomly allocated into three groups: Group A (Bobath exercises only), Group B (gasotransmitter therapy only), and Group C (Bobath exercises with gasotransmitter therapy). Motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM), spasticity was evaluated via the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), and balance was measured using the Pediatric Balance Scale (PBS). Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal-Wallis test, with a significance level of p < 0.05.
Results: Group C demonstrated the most significant improvements in GMFM scores, increasing from 48.25 ± 7.04 to 65.69 ± 7.50 (p < 0.001). MAS scores showed a reduction from 3.06 ± 0.85 to 1.06 ± 0.85 (p = 0.003), indicating decreased spasticity. PBS scores improved significantly from 15.19 ± 3.54 to 25.25 ± 3.66 (p < 0.001), highlighting better postural control and balance compared to Groups A and B.
Conclusion: Bobath exercises combined with gasotransmitter therapy resulted in greater improvements in motor function, spasticity reduction, and balance enhancement than Bobath exercises alone. These findings support the integration of gasotransmitter therapy as a complementary intervention for optimizing rehabilitation outcomes in children with spastic diplegic CP.
IOT-Driven home automation system with cloud
Authors: - Savitri Warad , - Vijay Laxmi , - Vaibhavi Sindol , - Vivek , - Vivek Kandgule
Published: February 2025

This project presents a home automation system that uses a Node MCU board, a relay module and household appliances such as a bulb & a fan. The Node MCU, equipped with built-in Wi-Fi capabilities, acts as the central control unit, enabling remote management of these devices. The relay module serves as an intermediary between the Node MCU and the appliances, allowing for safe switching of the electrical devices based on user commands. The system is powered by a standard power supply to ensure reliable operation. The main functionality of the system is remote control, which can be achieved by connecting the Node MCU to a local Wi-Fi network. Users can control the bulb and fan from their smartphones or computers using a simple web-based interface. By turning the devices on or off remotely, users can increase convenience and improve energy management, ensuring that appliances are not left running when not needed.
Coconut Leaf Disease detection using deep learning techniques
Authors: - Md Firoz Kabir , - Md Mizanur Rahman , - Abdulla Al Mamun , - Md Yousuf Ahmad
Published: February 2025

These is similar to others studies, these studies explored how various machine leaning and deep learning methods can be employed for real life problems like fruit disease detection. The conclusive evidence is the string of successes that CNNs have gotten in their workplace, which is classification of image-based tasks, including plant disease detection. For example, Deep Learning applied to an apple disease detection problem on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) reach an accuracy level over 90% as Smith et al (2018) confirm, demonstrating the success of deep learning in agribusiness. Consequently, Zhang, and Yang (2020) applied the transfer learning methods for grape disease detection in CNNs explaining the them working well in real-life scenarios. In turn the studies point up the capability of CNN to innovate in pest control and crop studies by providing a quick and precise disease identification.
वर्तमान भारतीय ग्रामीण समाज में दलितों की शिक्षा एवं विकास पर समाजशास्त्रीय विश्लेषण
Authors: डॉ0 योगेश कुमार त्रिपाठी  , डॉ0 कमल कश्यप  , नितेश कुमार मौर्य
Published: February 2025

भारतीय ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में दलितों की ’शिक्षा एवं विकास’ हमेशा से एक जटिल व चुनौतीपूर्ण मुद्दा रहा है। ऐतिहासिक रूप से दलितों को समाज के अन्य हिस्सों से ’’भेदभाव और असमानता’’ का सामना करना पड़ा है, जो उनके ’शैक्षिक’ व ’आर्थिक’ विकास में महत्वपूर्ण बाधा है। इस शोध-पत्र का उद्देश्य भारतीय ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में ’दलितों के शिक्षा’ एवं ’विकास की समस्याओं’ का विश्लेषण करना है तथा साथ ही उनके समाधान के लिए उपयुक्त उपायों को प्रस्तावित करना है। भारतीय ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में दलितों के लिए ’शिक्षा की गुणवत्ता’, ’अवसर’ एवं ’संसाधनों की कमी’ सबसे बड़ी चुनौती है। साथ ही, ’सामाजिक भेदभाव’, ’उच्च जातियों का हस्तक्षेप’ एवं ’अभावग्रस्त परिवेश’ भी इनके शिक्षा के मार्ग में अवरोधक बनते हैं। इसके बावजूद, सरकार ने ’आरक्षण’, ’शिक्षा योजनाओं’ व अन्य कल्याणकारी नीतियों के जरिए सुधार लाने की कोशिश की है। हालांकि, इन योजनाओं का सही माध्यम से क्रियान्वयन और दलित समुदायों तक इनका पहुंचना एक बड़ी समस्या है। निष्कर्ष यह है कि ’’शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में दलितों को समान व सुलभ अवसर देने के लिए नीतियों के प्रभावी कार्यान्वयन, समाज में बदलाव और समानता की भावना को बढ़ावा देना आवश्यक है’’।
Social Emotional Learning for Peace
Authors: Dr. Anita Jaiswal
Published: February 2025

Teaching peace is a means to education rather than an end in itself. Therefore, making peace education always relevant. To educate is to prepare young humans to live sustainably and not just excel academically to form future workforce. The virtuous cycle of peace education requires not only self understanding but also valuing other person’s thoughts and emotions. This can be done through the medium of social emotional learning. Social Emotional Learning helps in achieving emotional intelligence which paves the way for peaceful coexistence. Peaceful nations come from peaceful societies and to build a peaceful society, individuals need to be at peace with themselves. For this, one needs to achieve social harmony and emotional understanding of self as well others in order to live their life upto fullest potential and capability. Amid rising cases of poor mental health and increased crimes, peace needs to be restored at all levels. Social Emotional Learning must acquire a centre stage in academic curriculum to nurture compassionate individuals, making peace more relevant and natural to follow.
Fast Dissolving Films: A Novel Approach to Oral Drug Dilivery
Authors: Pandya Ketul
Published: February 2025

In the recent years, many of the pharmaceutical groups are focusing their research on rapid dissolving technology. This technology evolved over the past few years from the confection and oral care markets in the form of breath strips and became a novel and widely accepted form by consumers, so OFDFs are gaining the interest of large number of pharmaceutical industries. The main advantage of this technology is the administration to pediatric and geriatric patient population where the difficulty of swallowing larger oral dosage forms is eliminated. This fast dissolving drug delivery system (FDDS) is suited for the drugs which undergo high first pass metabolism and is used for improving bioavailability with reducing dosing frequency to mouth plasma peak levels, which in turn minimize adverse/side effects and also make it cost effective. Orally fast dissolving film is the type of drug delivery system which when placed in the oral cavity, disintegrate or dissolve within few seconds without the intake of water. OFDFs are very similar to postage stamp in their shape, size and thickness. The present review provides an account of various formulation considerations, method of preparation and quality control of the OFDFs.
Stability Indicating Method Development and Validation of Candesartan in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form by Derivative Spectrophotometric Method (First Order)
Authors: Kalyani Gunjan
Published: February 2025

A simple method for the estimation of candesartan in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms has been developed. Methanol was chosen as the solvent system. The λdet was found to be 268.8 nm. The responses were linear in the range of 10 - 20 μg/ml. The regression equation of the calibration graph and correlation coefficient were found to be y = 0.001x – 0.002 and 1 respectively. The % RSD values for both intraday and interday precision were less than 2%. The recovery of the drug from the sample was found to be 100%. The proposed method was validated for precision, accuracy, intraday and interday assay. Commercial formulation used was candesartan SMEDDS, it was analyzed by the proposed method and the results were well within the claimed limits. Further stability studies of candesartan were carried out under acidic, alkaline, hydrolytic, oxidative and photolytic conditions as per SIAM (Stability Indicating Assay Methods) as described by International Conference on Harmonisation. Keywords: Candesartan, UV method development, UV derivative spectroscopy, first order, Validation studies, Stability assay.
To Study Effect of Polymer, Core Ratio on Yield & Size Distribution of Microcapsules
Authors: A.K Chhotalal
Published: February 2025

As because of various applications of microspheres, microspheres are now in practice. Various techniques are available for preparations of microspheres. Utilization of polymer & its strength have great influence on product & its characteristics.. Mainly polymer, core ratio has big effect on practical yield & size distribution of microcapsules. This is illustrated in one of technique as in this research paper.
Editorial
Authors: Bahragava Sushil
Published: February 2025

Since its inception, International Journal of Pharmamedix India has attracted a large number of scientific researchers around the globe. During last year, a good number of research papers have been published in the larger interest of scientific community, aimed for promoting good scientific work in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. We encouraged to see the response of the scientists as continuous inflow of their research work to be published in this journal and assure to all, that we are not going to sit and relax with the sense of complacency having launched it with great success rather my effort will continue to overall improvement of the quality and acceptability of the International Journal of Pharmamedix India, also to increase the circulation of this journal to each and every corner of academics in the country. I must congratulate all the members associated with this journal for their hard work in shaping the journal into a well recognized publication, and this definitely deserves commendation. On the other hand, it also reminds me about our sense of responsibility towards achieving more international recognition, especially in term of being indexed in international indexing system such as PubMed Central, Scopus, Thomson Reuters, etc. However, some progress has been made such as adaptation of its system as to meet the uniform requirements of international data system. By this way, the International journal of Pharmamedix India can be detected in Google Scholars and some other database like NewJour, IndianScience, BASE, Pubzone, DOAJ, Socolar, Arastirmax and many more. I am hopeful that with the endless efforts and continuous support from researchers, we shall be able to strive hard in bringing novel scientific research work to our readers. International journal of Pharmamedix India now arrived on the knowledge publishing highway. We are working-out recognition or reward to the authors and referees on the basis of the articles popularity and quality. Please do keep checking the statistics. Suggestions for the reward/ recognition are welcome.
“Developmentandvalidation of dualwavelength method for Simultaneous Estimation of Ebastine and Phenylephrine hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form
Authors: Suratiya Sonu
Published: February 2025

A simple, rapid, accurate and precise Dualwavelength spectrophotometric method was developed for the simultaneous determination of Ebastine and Phenylephrine hydrochloride inpharmaceutical dosage form. The Dual wavelength spectrophotometric method was based on the determination of difference in absorbance of both the drugs at the respective Isoabsorptive point (IAP) of other drug. The Dualwavelength spectra were obtained using methanol as a solvent and the determinations were made at 209.2 nm& 221.6nm (IAP of Phenylephrine) for Ebastine and 253.0 nm& 216.0nm (IAP of Ebastine) for Phenylephrine hydrochloride. The linearity was obtained in the concentration range of 4-24μg/ml for both drugsand correlation coefficient (r2) were found to be 0.9998 and 0.9992 for Ebastine and Phenylephrine hydrochloride respectively. The percentage purity of drugs in combined tablet dosage form was found to be 99.33 % for Ebastine and 98.75 % for Phenylephrine hydrochloride.The % recoveries were found to be 99.84% for Ebastine and 99.18% for Phenylephrine hydrochloride. The method was found to be simple, accurate and precise and was applicable for the simultaneous determination of Ebastine and Phenylephrine in tablet dosage form.
Pengembangan Minat dan Bakat Anak Melalui Program Pesantren Kilat di Desa Tanjung Harapan
Authors: Sukri Sukri , Rohman Nur , Anisah Anisah , Suwardi Suwardi , Murni Intan Permata , Annisa Annisa , Nahlidar Nahlidar , Vebrita Gina , Satria Teuku Dwirza , Zahara Zahara
Published: February 2025

Bimbingan belajar dalam pengembangan minat dan bakat menjadi salah satu program kerja KPM Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam, Meulaboh khususnya di bidang Tarbiyah/Pendidikan. pengabdian ini menitik beratkan anak-anak tingkat SD hingga SMP di Desa Tanjung Harapan. Metode yang digunakan merupakan pembelajaran kooperatif. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi anak-anak di desa Tanjung Harapan serta membimbing dan memberi pelatihan agar meningkatkan keterampilan anak-anak di desa Tanjung Harapan
Pencegahan Bullying Melalui Pola Asuhdi Lingkungan 1 Padang Matinggi
Authors: Endayana Bestari , Tania Rikha
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi efektivitas sosialisasi pencegahan bullying melalui pola asuh, khususnya dalam konteks pola asuh demokratis, di Lingkungan 1 Padang Matinggi. Dengan menggunakan PAR dilakukan selama tiga bulan melibatkan subjek anak-anak, orang tua, dan warga setempat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, dan memberikan materi terkait dengan bullying dan analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif deskriptif dan dijaga melalui triangulasi sumber data. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sosialisasi ini berhasil meningkatkan pemahaman masyarakat tentang pentingnya pola asuh dalam mencegah bullying, menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih aman dan mendukung bagi anak-anak. Pola asuh demokratis terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi insiden bullying dengan mempromosikan diskusi dan partisipasi dalam pengambilan keputusan antara orang tua dan anak. Adaptasi program ini terhadap konteks budaya dan sosial lokal Lingkungan 1 Padang Matinggi juga meningkatkan penerimaan dan relevansi intervensi, memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap kesejahteraan dan perkembangan anak-anak di komunitas ini.
Pembuatan Kripik Daun Kelor Sebagai Sumber Daya Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Kayu Menang Aceh Singkil
Authors: Hendra Hendra , Ningtias Mega Putri , Devriansyah Muhammad , Pratiwi Dinda Ayodya , Rimbun Marsyia , Delfita Dina , Ardina Rindi , Zuriat Zuriat
Published: February 2025

Tanaman kelor (Moringa Oleifera) salah satu tumbuhan yang mudah tumbuh pada daerah tropis serta subtropis di semua jenis tanah, tumbuhan daun kelor banyak terdapat di lingkungan sekitar masyarakat. Daun kelor banyak mengandung vitamin A, tannin, streoid, flavonoid senyawa-senyawa lain yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh manusia. Tujuan kegiatan ini diharapakan dapat turut berkontribusi membangun Desa Kayu Menang dengan kerjasama ibu-ibu PKK dalam berbagi pengetahuan, mendorong masyarakat untuk pengembangan sumber daya yang dimiliki secara berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan ekonomi keluarga. Pelaksanaan kegiatan ini dilakukan di Posko KKN Desa Kayu Menang diikuti oleh 20 orang dari Ibu Keuchik dan masyarakat. Metode pengabdian dengan penyuluhan, diskusi dan tanya jawab serta praktik langsung pengolahan daun kelor menjadi produk keripik kelor yang kaya manfaat dan bernilai ekonomis. Pelatihan pembuatan keripik daun kelor ini dimaksudkan dapat memberikan motivasi bagi masyarakat untuk meningkatkan kemampuannya dan berkarya sehingga mendatangkan manfaat bagi dirinya dan masyarakat sekitar. Hasil temuan yang didapatkan pada masyarakat Desa Kayu Menang adalah masih kurangnya tanaman kelor yang dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan makanan oleh masyarakat. Sehingga mahasiswa KKN mencoba mengolah daun kelor sebagai kripik daun kelor yang mana memiliki gizi yang tinggi dan akan bernilai ekonomis dalam menambah pendapatan masyarakat di Desa Kayu Menang.
LRS Bianchi Type-I Cosmological Model in Modified f(R, T) Gravitation Theory filled with Perfect Fluid
Authors: Ingle Vishal , Mete Vijay G.
Published: February 2025

This study explores LRS Bianchi Type-I space time filled with a perfect fluid within the framework of f(R,T) gravity, where R represents the Ricci scalar and T denotes the trace of the stress-energy momentum tensor. We analyze the simplest form of cosmic evolution in the context of general non-minimally coupled gravity models. Two specific models of f(R,T) gravity are considered. A time-dependent deceleration parameter is introduced, leading to an accelerated universe with an exact field solution. Additionally, we examine the kinematical and physical properties of the proposed models.
Effectiveness of warm compresses on the incidence of perineal rupture in phase II labor
Authors: Selvia  , Dona Sismeri , M. Fajriannor  , Handayani Lisda
Published: February 2025

Background: Perineal rupture is a common complication during the second stage of labor, particularly among primiparous women, leading to maternal morbidity. Warm compresses have been suggested as an intervention to reduce perineal rupture by promoting muscle relaxation and elasticity. However, their effectiveness remains inconclusive.
Objective:   To analyze the effect of warm compress application on the incidence of perineal rupture during the second stage of labor in primiparous women.
Method:  This quasi-experimental study employed a pre-test and post-test design involving 10 primiparous women at 18 to 29 years old divided into intervention (n=5) and control (n=5) groups. Warm compresses were applied for 20 minutes during the second stage of labor in the intervention group. Data were collected using partograph sheets and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, with a significance level of p<0.05.
Result:  Among the intervention group, 40% experienced no laceration, 20% had first-degree laceration, and 40% had second-degree laceration. In the control group, 40% had no laceration, and 60% suffered second-degree laceration. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in the incidence of perineal rupture between the groups (p=0.452).
Conclusion:  Warm compresses did not significantly reduce the incidence of perineal rupture during the second stage of labor. Further research with a larger sample size and broader variables is recommended to validate these findings.
Wytyczne interpretacyjne Komisji Europejskiej do rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1371/2007 dotyczącego praw i obowiązków pasażerów w ruchu kolejowym – klaryfi kacja czy pogłębienie wątpliwości?
Authors: Kłosowski Karol
Published: February 2025

Artykuł stanowi analizę Komunikatu Komisji Europejskiej ws. wytycznych interpretacyjnych do wybranych przepisów rozporządzenia (WE) nr 1371/2007 dotyczącego praw i obowiązków pasażerów w ruchu kolejowym. W omawianym dokumencie poruszone zostały kwestie dotyczące wszystkich obszarów regulowanych przez rozporządzenie 1371/2007 – od kwestii technicznych (takich jak zakres stosowania przepisów tego rozporządzenia czy możliwość przyznania przez państwa członkowskie czasowych zwolnień stosowania tych przepisów), przez regulacje kluczowe z punktu widzenia interesów pasażerów (m.in. zawarcie umowy przewozu, prawo do informacji, prawo do odszkodowania), z uwzględnieniem potrzeb osób niepełnosprawnych i osób o ograniczonej sprawności ruchowej, po wytyczne dla organów właściwych za egzekwowanie przepisów tego rozporządzenia. W artykule podjęto próbę oceny znaczenia Komunikatu Komisji Europejskiej dla stosowania przepisów rozporządzenia 1371/2007 w praktyce – zarówno przez zobligowane do tego podmioty, jak i organy właściwe ds. nadzoru nad przestrzeganiem tych przepisów. Oceniony został także wpływ omawianego dokumentu na proces ujednolicenia wykładni przepisów rozporządzenia 1371/2007 w skali całej UE.
The association between serum lipids at diagnosis and renal outcome in microscopic polyangiitis patients
Authors: Zheng Zigui , Wang Yujia , Xie Jingzhi , Chen Zhimin , Jiang Bingjing , Xu Yanfang
Published: February 2025

Objectives

Microscopic polyangiitis (MPA) is a subgroup of ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV), which is characterized by vascular endothelial cell damage caused by abnormally activated neutrophils. Dyslipidemia is associated with vascular endothelial cell injury, and the relationship between blood lipid levels and renal prognosis in MPA patients is not clear. We aim to investigate the correlation between blood lipid levels at diagnosis and renal prognosis in MPA patients.

Methods

Firstly, we retrospectively included 110 patients diagnosed with MPA and the primary endpoint was the occurrence of end stage renal disease (ESRD). The association between blood lipids at diagnosis and renal outcome was evaluated with Cox regression analysis and survival analysis. Secondly, we explored the potential underlying mechanism of poor renal prognosis in patients with high triglycerides (TG) levels at diagnosis using data independent acquisition (DIA) quantitative proteomics.

Results

During a median follow-up period of 23 months, 44 out of 110 patients (40%) developed ESRD. High serum TG at diagnosis was associated with ESRD development after adjusting for several confounding factors including age, gender, body mass index (BMI), hypertension, diabetes mellitus, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and Birmingham Vasculitis Activity Score (BVAS). Serum very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) demonstrated a marginal trend towards association with ESRD development. MPA patients with TG >1.45 mmol/L or VLDL > 0.66 mmol/L had significantly higher risk of ESRD development than those with TG ≤ 1.45 mmol/L or VLDL ≤ 0.66 mmol/L. DIA quantitative proteomics analysis suggested that patients with elevated TG levels and severe MPA had an upregulation of profibrotic pathways, inflammatory signaling, and complement and coagulation cascades, in contrast to those with lower TG levels and milder disease severity.

Conclusions

In MPA patients, high TG or VLDL at diagnosis is associated with an increased risk of ESRD development. The potential mechanisms may be associated with the upregulation of profibrotic and inflammatory signaling pathways, and the activation of complement and coagulation cascades.