bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legal Regulation of Environmental Protection during Armed Conflicts on the Example of Ukraine
Authors: Kozmuliak K.
Published: December 2022

The article analyzes the impact of military operations on the state of ecosystems and individual natural resources in Ukraine. Based on the analysis of Ukrainian and foreign sources, it was made a conclusion about the catastrophic damage to the environment caused by the military aggression of the Russian Federation. In particular, the environmental damage as of September 2022 is estimated at almost 1 trillion hryvnias and continues to grow daily.

Taking into account the fact that the impact on the environment during armed conflicts almost always has a transboundary nature, author analyzed the provisions of international acts that regulate this problem. These are the Stockholm Declaration (1972); the World Charter of Nature; the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development (1992); the Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques; Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts; Convention on the prohibition of the development, production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons and on their destruction. It was established that all the mentioned documents call on the international community to take measures for preventing or minimizing the destructive impact on the environment during military operations.

The author paid particular attention to Ukrainian legislation. The Instruction on the Procedure for Implementing the Norms of International Humanitarian Law in the Armed Forces of Ukraine requires following the provisions of international humanitarian law, including, in the context of environmental protection. In the Basic Principles (Strategy) of the State Environmental Policy of Ukraine for the Period Until 2030, it is noted that it is absolutely necessary to solve the issue of access to the objects of the military-defense industrial complex in order to carry out appropriate supervision and control over compliance with environmental legislation at these objects. A separate block of normative acts is devoted to the legal regulation of the procedure and methods of determining damage and losses caused to the environment of Ukraine as a result of the armed aggression of the Russian Federation.

Despite the fact that the war continues, the development of normative acts aimed at regulating the reconstruction of destroyed or damaged territories and objects is already being observed. The author analyzed some of them, identified shortcomings and proposed ways to eliminate them.
Environmental protection during armed conflicts in the perspective of the adoption of the Fifth Geneva Convention
Authors: Sadova T.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the main issues of environmental protection during an international armed conflict. It also covers protection of the environment during an armed conflict of a non-international character. The author analyzed the norms of international humanitarian law, which concern the protection of the environment from large-scale, long-term and serious damage. He considered the question of the prohibition by treaty and customary law of the use during international armed conflicts of methods and means of warfare which are intended to cause or can be expected to cause damage to the environment. Attention is paid to the types of damage to the environment caused during the armed conflict. The article indicates what served as a reason for the initiative and numerous discussions in legal circles on issues related to the creation of the Fifth Geneva Convention. The issue of the need to adopt the Fifth Geneva Convention is under consideration. In the article, the author emphasizes that the environment enjoys special protection in parallel with a general protection. The relevance of the study is confirmed by constant discussions and debates on it among Ukrainian  and foreign scientists and law-makers. For Ukraine it is highly topical from the beginning of Russian aggression and occupation of Ukrainian territories. The opinions and statements of foreign scientists regarding the notion of armed conflict are given. The author offers its own view of the problem, which determines the need to adopt the Fifth Geneva Convention, and gives suggestions  about its probable content. It is indicated that the scope of application of the provisions of the Fifth Geneva Convention should relate to the protection of the environment during an armed conflict. The author emphasizes that it should contain  the description of protected areas of great ecological and cultural importance sas well. It is indicated that the provisions that would be applied in situations of occupation and the issues relating to the restoration and protection of the environment damaged by the conflict should be included.
David Ramiro Troitiño, Ricardo Martín de la Guardia y Guillermo A. Pérez Sánchez (eds.), The European Union and its Political Leaders. Understanding the Integration Process
Authors: Arconada Ledesma Pablo
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Orlando Figes, Los europeos. Tres vidas y el nacimiento de la cultura cosmopolita
Authors: Magaldi Fernández Adrián
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Miguel Ángel del Arco Blanco, Cruces de memoria y olvido. Los monumentos a los caídos de la guerra civil española (1936-2021)
Authors: Movellán Haro Jesús
Published: December 2022

Resumen
Clientelismo, servicio militar y promoción nobiliaria: la actividad de don Guillén de San Clemente hasta su nombramiento como embajador en el Imperio
Authors: Jurado Riba Víctor J.
Published: December 2022

Don Guillén de San Clemente fue embajador en el Imperio en los reinados de Felipe II y Felipe III. Su actividad en Praga ha sido bien investigada, pero no así la trayectoria que llevó a un pequeño noble catalán a ocupar una de las posiciones diplomáticas más importantes de la Monarquía Hispánica: la línea directa del contacto entre las dos ramas de los Habsburgo. En este texto se expone el camino previo a este cargo y el papel fundamental que tuvo en este nombramiento el servicio militar y las redes clientelares de una de las familias más influyentes del momento: los Requesens-Zúñiga.
Propaganda, fiscalidad y teología. Un inédito de Domingo Báñez sobre el servicio de millones en Burgos
Authors: Torrijos Castrillejo David
Published: December 2022

El objeto de estudio de este artículo es un folleto impreso en 1597 por orden del corregidor de Burgos, Diego de Vargas Manrique. El escrito pretende persuadir a los regidores de Burgos para conceder el controvertido servicio de millones. Con tal propósito, el corregidor imprime junto a sus discursos los pareceres de diversos teólogos, entre los cuales destaca por su extensión el de Domingo Báñez que apoya el servicio de millones con ciertas razones. Después del contexto histórico y la descripción del documento, son expuestos los puntos de vista en materia fiscal de este importante miembro de la Escuela de Salamanca.
Entre pugnas y discursos de legitimación: la regencia de Mariana de Austria en los púlpitos de Madrid (1665-1675)
Authors: García Pérez Francisco José
Published: December 2022

Cada vez son más los estudios centrados en la oratoria que se predicaba en las iglesias de Madrid, pero poco se han relacionado esos sermones con la alta política. De hecho, la regencia de Mariana de Austria fue un periodo en el que la predicación de sermones no solo se mantuvo como hasta entonces, sino que asumió un cariz político pocas veces conocido. Este artículo persigue estudiar, precisamente, los sermones que se predicaron, no ya en la Real Capilla, sino en las principales iglesias madrileñas y que, por tanto, estuvieron mayormente conectados con el pueblo llano. De ese modo, se analizarán las principales cuestiones que poblaban aquellos sermones, como la estabilidad política de la regencia, la imagen de Mariana de Austria o las discordias que se vivieron entre la regente y el príncipe bastardo Juan José de Austria.
Historia antropocénica: reflexiones preliminares e invitación al debate
Authors: De Nardi Loris , Cordero Fernández María Macarena
Published: December 2022

El concepto de Antropoceno ha sido ampliamente analizado por las ciencias naturales como lo ilustran estudios en la física, la biología, la química, o la astrofísica, que apuntan principalmente a comprender el estado actual de la situación global y los posibles caminos para remediar, o a lo menos detener, el cambio climático. Sin embargo, como se trata, a la vez, de una categoría epistemológica cultural, sostenemos que debe ser objeto de análisis histórico. En este sentido, el presente artículo postula la necesidad de integrar el Antropoceno como categoría historiográfica con miras a profundizar en las líneas política e institucional, sugiriendo una nueva periodización histórica que analice y devele críticamente la relación de la humanidad, agente geológico, con la naturaleza.
Monarquía, nación y masculinidad: la forja del carisma de Alfonso XII de Borbón en la España de la Restauración
Authors: Fernández Sirvent Rafael , Gutiérrez Lloret Rosa Ana
Published: December 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una primera aproximación a la construcción de las representaciones de la masculinidad regia y su vinculación con la identidad nacional española a través de la figura del monarca Alfonso XII de Borbón en un contexto político en el que la monarquía restaurada precisaba remodelar su imaginario y sus instrumentos de legitimación y proyección pública. A partir de fuentes archivísticas, de prensa y de representaciones iconográficas, se analizan las principales estrategias e imágenes que articulaban un modelo de masculinidad que trascenderá de su propia persona para identificarse con la monarquía y la identidad nacional.
Analysis of Islamic Religious Education Teacher’s Strategy in Forming Students' Learning Culture at State Senior High School 4 Palu
Authors: S. Pettalongi Sagaf , Badrin Badrin , Syahid Ahmad , Mashuri Saepudin
Published: December 2022

A learning culture makes a considerable contribution in welcoming the new millennium era because the abilities developed through a learning culture are physical and spiritual abilities. The development of these physical and spiritual abilities includes: in terms of knowledge, skills, prowess, life values, attitude, dedication, and discipline. Therefore, our learning culture is an effort to answer challenges to problems that arise. Therefore, the learning culture must be carried out optimally. This research used  qualitative research, with data data collection techniques includes observation, interviews, and documentation, while the data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation, and concluding. The study results show that in forming a learning culture at a State Senior High School, such curricular activities include: Instilling religious and disciplinary character in preliminary activities, instilling religious and disciplinary character in core activities, and Instilling a religious and disciplined learning culture in closing activities. Cultivating a culture of religious learning and discipline through habituation in daily activities, namely: getting used to time discipline, habituation of congregational noon prayers at school, increasing a sense of care and courtesy, as well as in extracurricular activities. Learning culture is a good habit that is tried to be done as habituation, and then it will become a habit that continues to be carried out daily. In this case, the teacher applies it in two ways, namely when learning takes place and extracurricular so that the culture of religious learning and discipline sticks and is integrated into student behavior.
Internalization of Islamic Values in Tarbiyah Activities for Public Health Students at University of Tadulako, Palu
Authors: Kamaruddin Kamaruddin , Mustaqima Mustaqima , Saude Saude
Published: December 2022

The internalization of Islamic values in Islamic education, especially in public universities, has yet to run optimally due to limited learning time. One of the faculties that develop Islamic education learning in non-formal activities is the Faculty of Public Health (FKM) at the University of Tadulako, Palu. Currently, there is phenomena lack of moderate though among university students. Therefore, the researcher intends to identify and analyze the results of internalizing Islamic values in the tarbiyah activities of Faculty of Public Health students at the University of Tadulako in Palu. This study used qualitative paradigm with a phenomenological approach. Data was collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis. In depth-interview was conducted with ten informants. The data analysis technique uses the matrix style and tests its validity through the triangulation method. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the form of Islamic valyes internalization at the s faculty includes studies of divine values in the form of aqidah values. For example, the consequences of the shahada, then sharia values with practical worship material, knowing Islamic dinul and others. Furthermore, regarding insaniyah values with the topic of study discussing ukhuwah Islamiyah. It was held routinely one to two times a week accompanied by direct practice, namely; reading tests of the Al-Qur'an, Tahsin, thematic and preventive studies. The results aslso show that  students internalize Islamic values not only professed in their hearts or verbally, but are proven by realizing divine values and insaniyah values in perfecting their beliefs, sharia, and morals, for example carrying out religious orders, worship properly and behave well with others.
Analysis of Maqâshid Al-Sharî'ah on the Dutu Tradition in Hulondalo Tribe Wedding in Gorontalo
Authors: Mustapa Reswin , Dg Mustafa Muhtadin , Attamimi Soraya
Published: December 2022

This study examined the dutu tradition procession at the wedding of the Hulandalo Gorontalo tribe in the perspective of  maqâsid al-syarî`ah. This study used a qualitative method. The data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written document analysis. The data, then, was analyzed using thematic analysis to find themes from the data. The results of this study show that, the procession of the dutu tradition at the wedding of the Hulandalo Gorontalo tribe goes through stages called the wedding process in which the whole community performs (lenggota lo nika) or the standard order of Gorontalo tribal marriages. It has become a tradition that has been passed down from generation to generation and becomes mandatory before the marriage process takes place. The dutu tradition is a tradition that has elements that refer to the Qur'an and the Sunnah of the Prophet. The family tradition is good to carry out and will also be beneficial for human life in the future where in the processes of this dutu tradition contains a lot of sacred meaning. Our analysis of maqâsid al-syarî`ah in the traditions of the marriage dutu of the Hulondalo tribe showed that it belongs to the category of maqashidhajiyyat which maintains its maqashiddharuriyyat. Marriage is a form of hifzalnasl, which Allah commands. The high delivery price is in the position of maqashidtahsîniyyat to glorify a woman as a form of maintaining religion, soul, intellect, offspring, and property. This study concludes that the people of Gorontalo hope that giving Dutu (dowry) is not a burden for a man to marry a woman and that giving gifts is adjusted to the man's ability. The obligation to give gifts is to pleases all parties both mean and women families.
Analysis of Judges' Decision on Witness Divorce Evidence in Donggala Religious Court
Authors: Usman Usman , Abidin Abidin , S. Thahir Lukman
Published: December 2022

A judge's decision or commonly called court decision, is a written statement made  by a judge as a government  official who has been authorized to do so. The statement is made  in a court case and it is open to the public after going through procedural law processes, to resolve or end a case to create legal certainty and justice for the disputing parties. This study used a qualitative case study approach. Data was collected through direct observation, in-depth interviews, and written material analysis. The results of this study show that the judges examining, deciding, and resolving divorce cases based on Indonesia marraige laws and regulations. Witness evidence considered by the Panel of Judges is a witness that meets the formal and material requirements. One of the material requirements is that the witness testifies to what he has seen, heard, and experienced, not to hear other people's stories. Civil procedural law witnesses who do not personally witness an event which is the reason for the parties to a lawsuit in court, is called de auditu testimony.
POWER RELATIONS IN CALISTUNG LEARNING IN TK/RA AND SD/MI CURRICULUM IN SOUTH KUTA DISTRICT
Authors: Juliantara M. Mughni
Published: December 2022

Reading, writing, arithmetic or what is abbreviated as calistung are basic skills that are often a problem for students. The practice in the field of calistung learning curriculum at the kindergarten and elementary school levels is out of sync. The calistung learning curriculum at the kindergarten level is not allowed to be taught directly, while the elementary school curriculum requires first graders to master calistung.

This study aims to analyze the form of power relations in the calistung learning curriculum, reveal the factors behind power relations, as well as uncover and examine the impact of power relations in the calistung learning curriculum on kindergarten and elementary school students. This study uses a qualitative approach with interpretive descriptive-qualitative data analysis.

The results showed: first, the form of power relations in calistung learning in the TK/RA and SD/MI curriculum was extracurricular and private calistung activities. Second, this power relation occurs against the background of several factors, namely the TK/RA 2013 curriculum and SD/MI 2013 curriculum, institutional policies, demands of guardians of students, community assessments, and acceptance of new elementary/MI students. Third, power relations in calistung learning have positive and negative impacts. The positive impact is that students become more confident in learning activities because they have mastered calistung. The negative impact is that students become depressed with lessons, lose playing time, untraceable mindsets, decrease interest in learning because they feel they have mastered, get angry easily when stressed with lessons, and decrease achievement. This condition is known as "mental hectic". The government must take firm action against institutions that violate the established curriculum. Institutions, educators and guardians of students must be wise in providing calistung material to children or students, calistung must be given according to the stages.

Keywords: power relations, learning, calistung, curriculum
VOCAL TONE PRECISION DETECTION USING HARMONIC PRODUCT SPECTRUM (HPS) AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (KNN) CLASSIFICATION
Authors: Apsari Made Sri Ayu , Widiartha I Made , Agung Raharja Made , Santi Astawa I Gede , Arta Wibawa Gede , Made Mahendra Ida Bagus
Published: December 2022

The progress of the digital era that is happening today, encourages rapid development in technology and science, one of which is in the field of art. Of all performing arts, the art of singing is the most complex, which requires a lot of preparation and practice. Everyone has a different type of voice. Males generally have three types of voice, namely bass, baritone, and tenor, while women generally have three types of voice, namely contralto (alto), mezzo-soprano, and soprano. However, not everyone knows what kind of voice they have. Therefore, this study will focus on classifying the human voice. In this study, the author uses the Harmonic Product Spectrum (HPS) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms. The data used is in the form of primary voice recording data obtained from 258 participants (male and female), where each person has 8 sound files, namely do, re, mi, fa, sol, la, si, and do'. saved in .wav format. From the research conducted, the test was carried out using the K-NN and K-NN methods with Hyperparameters. The results obtained in the form of accuracy of 74% and 81%, so that the Harmonic Product Spectrum (HPS) and K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) algorithms give good results for determining the type of human voice.
Rancang Bangun Portal Lowongan Pekerjaan Berbasis Web Dengan Fitur Rekomendasi
Authors: Gede Dwidasmara Ida Bagus , Putra I Putu Yuda Juniantara , Hendra Suputra I Putu Gede , Muliantara Agus , Arya Kadyanan I Gusti Agung Gede , Supriana I Wayan
Published: December 2022

Tingginya tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia yang disebabkan oleh dampak pertumbuhan penduduk yang padat dan sulitnya mencari pekerjaan yang mengakibatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak stabil menjadi tantangan bagi pemerintah untuk menanggulangi masalah pengangguran. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pengangguran yang tinggi adalah penyebaran informasi lowongan kerja yang kurang merata. Pelamar kerja sering kesulitan untuk mendapatkan informasi pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan kemampuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki.

Dengan dibuatnya sistem rekomendasi lowongan kerja, diharapkan dapat menyelesaikan masalah yang dialami seorang pelamar yang ingin melamar pekerjaan yang sesuai dengan kemampuannya. Dengan menggunakan algoritma euclidean distance, sistem diharapkan dapat memberikan hasil rekomendasi berdasarkan beberapa parameter yang sesuai dengan keinginan pelamar. Parameter yang dimaksudkan adalah usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan, jurusan, gaji, keterampilan, pengalaman kerja, dan kategori pekerjaan yang diinginkan.

Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan yaitu berdasarkan hasil pengujian precision recall sistem rekomendasi lowongan kerja menggunakan metode euclidean distance menghasilkan nilai precision sebesar 0,94 atau 94% dan nilai recall sebesar 0,94 atau 94%.
Penerapan Steganography Untuk Perlindungan Hak Cipta Menggunakan Metode Least Significant Bit (LSB)
Authors: Pramana Putra I Gusti Ngurah Bagus , Suhartana I Ketut Gede , Mogi I Komang Ari , Pramartha Cokorda Rai Adi , Suputra I Putu Gede Hendra , Wibawa I Gede Arta
Published: December 2022

Lontar sebagai salah satu naskah (naskah kuno) yang merupakan warisan budaya nenek moyang yang memiliki keunikan dalam cara pencatatan dan transfer pengetahuan tradisional yang dilakukan melalui tulisan di media Lontar. Namun lambatnya waktu lontar membuat naskah naskah sangat rentan karena berbagai sebab. Kerusakan tersebut berdampak pada peningkatan informasi yang terdapat pada Lontar, kemudian dilakukan media ke digital. Jika berbagai jenis aksara tersebut didigitalkan, apa yang akan menjadi bukti keaslian bahwa aksara lontar ini adalah milik-Nya? Selain itu, digitalisasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mengembangkan akses kepada triplet dan masyarakat umum terhadap ilmunya. Dari permasalahan tersebut pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membangun sebuah aplikasi berbasis desktop yang mengimplementasikan steganografi dengan menyembunyikan pesan rahasia ke dalam ekstensi PNG dengan memanfaatkan metode Least Significant Bit (LSB) sebagai sarana perlindungan hak cipta pada Naskah Lontar Bali.
Implementasi LSTM Pada Analisis Sentimen Review Film Menggunakan Adam Dan RMSprop Optimizer
Authors: Witanto Karlina Surya , Sanjaya ER Ngurah Agus , Karyawati AAIN Eka , Kadyanan I Gusti Agung Gede Arya , Suhartana I Ketut Gede , Astuti Luh Gede
Published: December 2022

Movies are an entertainment that is in great demand by many groups from children, teenagers, adults, and parents. In the current digital era, various films can be watched on television to digital streaming services. Public opinion on the films watched can be in the form of positive opinions or negative opinions. Sentiment analysis is one of the fields of Natural Language Processing (NLP) which is able to build a system to recognize and extract opinions in the form of text, sentiment analysis is usually used to find out people's opinions or assessments of a products, services, politics, or other topics. Through sentiment analysis from the collection of reviews, the public can get various recommendations for films that can be watched. The method implemented to classify review data into positive reviews and negative reviews in this study is LSTM by comparing two different optimizers, namely Adam and RMSprop. This study succeeded in providing sentiment predictions with different optimizers with accuracy values ??for the LSTM application with Adam Optimizer reaching 77.11% and the LSTM application with RMSprop reaching 80.07%.
Analysis of community sports development based on the sports law for development through sports
Authors: Ramadhan Muhammad Gilang , Ma'mun Amung , Nuryadi  , Juliantine Tite
Published: December 2022

This study aims to examine the implementation of community sports development policies in the context of the "development through sport" paradigm. National development through sports in accordance with the mandate of the Sports Law can be started through community sports which are the basis for the goals of developing the sport itself. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach. This research was conducted in West Java Province using a purposive sampling technique referring to the high sports achievements achieved at the National Sports Week, but it is still low in the sports development index. Interviews, documentation studies, and observations were carried out in the data collection process. To analyze the data collected, we devised seven indicators that are based on the essence of the sports law of the community sports section. The results of this study found that the implementation of the community sports development policy that was implemented was close to conformity with what was stated in the sports law. However, there are still inequalities in some aspects. This happens because there is still a lack of understanding from the government as policy makers, as well as the community as a group affected by the implementation of policies of the importance of sport as an instrument of national development. Therefore, sports policy makers must act immediately in providing solutions to evaluate policies that will be implemented in the future.
AI-assisted reaction impurity prediction and inverse structure elucidation
Authors: Mohapatra Somesh , Griffin Daniel
Published: December 2022

Identification and control of impurities play a critical role in chemical process development for drug substance synthesis. Most chemical reactions result in a number of by-products and side-products, along with the intended major product. While chemists can predict many of the main process impurities, it remains challenging to enumerate the possible minor impurities and even more of a challenge to track and propagate impurities derived from raw materials or from step to step. Further, in the absence of a systematic means for listing out possible-low-level impurities and performing impurity propagation, inverse structure elucidation -- that is, identifying unknown impurities post hoc from analytical data, such as mass spectrometry data -- presents a significant challenge. In this work, impurity prediction was established by developing an AI-based reaction predictor that takes as input the main reactants, and reagents, solvents, and impurities in these materials. Further, the predictor was run iteratively to track impurity propagation in multi-step reactions. For inverse structure elucidation, a chemistry-informed language model was developed to translate mass spectrometry data to potential molecular structures, which can then be checked for matches against the predicted chemical reaction products. The impurity prediction tool was applied to synthesis of common small molecule drugs –- paracetamol and ibuprofen. The inverse structure elucidation tool was used for the identification of chemical structures from publicly available electrospray ionization mass spectrometry data.
Assessment of chemistry knowledge in large language models that generate code
Authors: White Andrew D. , Hocky Glen M. , Gandhi Heta A. , Ansari Mehrad , Cox Sam , Wellawatte Geemi P. , Sasmal Subarna , Yang Ziyue , Liu Kangxin , Singh Yuvraj , Peña Ccoa Willmor J.
Published: December 2022

In this work, we investigate the question: do code-generating large language models know chemistry? Our results indicate, mostly yes. To evaluate this, we produce a benchmark set of problems, and evaluate these models based on correctness of code by automated testing and evaluation by experts. We find recent LLMs are able to write correct code across a variety of topics in chemistry and their accuracy can be increased by 30 percentage points via prompt engineering strategies, like putting copyright notices at the top of files. These dataset and evaluation tools are open source which can be contributed to or built upon by future researchers, and will serve as a community resource for evaluating the performance of new models as they emerge. We also describe some good practices for employing LLMs in chemistry. The general success of these models demonstrates that their impact on chemistry teaching and research is poised to be enormous.
Computational Study of the Effect of π-Congestion on the Singlet Biradical Character and Stacked Antiaromaticity in Acene Dimers
Authors: Makihara Yuta , Nishiuchi Tomohiko , Kishi Ryohei , Kubo Takashi
Published: December 2022

We demonstrated the computational study of the π-congestion effects in benzene, naphthalane, anthracene, teteracene, and pentacene dimers close with two positions at Ca···Ca’ and Cb···Cb’ to elucidate the singlet biradical characters as well as the stacked antiaromaticity. By extending the π-system from benzene to pentacene, the singlet biradical character increase whereas the stacked antiaromaticity decrease at near the transition state of [4+4]pericyclic reaction in ground state. Especially, the pentacene dimer exhibits large biradical character y0 = 61% with a weak antiaromaticity of NICSxx = +11 ppm at the distance of 2.80 Å between π-planes. These calculated results provided a unique idea to extract the similar electronic and magnetic natures as seen in transition state where the bond-order of the sp2 and sp3 carbon changes, like the graphite-to-diamond transformation.
Inventory and identification dragonfly Family Libellulidae at Slamet Reservoir, Surabaya, East Java
Authors: Susanto Muhamad Azmi Dwi
Published: December 2022

Slamet Reservoir is an artificial reservoir located in the lowlands of urban areas. The existence of this reservoir with a stagnant water habitat type has great potential to become a natural habitat for various types of dragonflies, especially the Libellulidae family. This study aims to inventory and identify the types of dragonflies in the family Libellulidae in the Slamet Reservoir. In this study, the Visual Encounter Survey (VES) method was modified by using the Belt Transect method. This method is an observation by following a predetermined circular line. Sampling was carried out by catching adult dragonflies using insect nets and then preserving them using 50% acetone. After preservation, the body part of the dragonfly was measured using a caliper. The results showed that in the Slamet Reservoir there were 12 species of dragonflies from the Libellulidae family with a total of 131 individuals. The species with the highest relative abundance value in the Slamet reservoir is Brachythemis contaminata with a value of 51.15%. While the species with the lowest relative abundance values were Acisoma panorpoides, Diplacodes trivialis and Pantala flavescens with a value of 0.76%.
PENGARUH PROSES PENCAMPURAN KERING DAN BASAH TERHADAP KEKESATAN AC-WC LIMBAH PLASTIK
Authors: Saputro Dedy Tahan , Suparma Latif Budi , Satyarno Iman
Published: December 2022

Abstract

 

To improve the performance of road pavements in Indonesia, Low-Density Polyethylene plastic waste can be used as a material in the mixing process of asphalt mixtures. In addition to improving the quality of the environment, this plastic waste is expected to increase the skid resistance of the road pavement surface, so that in the end the level of traffic safety can also increase. This study aims to examine the use Low-Density Polyethylene film plastic waste, as an additive to increase the skid resistance of road surface. The asphalt mixture mixing process in this study uses 2 methods, namely the dry mixing process and the wet mixing process. This study shows that the use of Low-Density Polyethylene plastic waste has succeeded in increasing the skid resistance of the samples. Overall, the wet mixing process gave a higher skid resistance value than the dry mixing process.

 

Keywords: road pavement; plastic waste; Low-Density Polyethylene film; skid resistance

 

 

Abstrak

 

Untuk meningkatkan kinerja perkerasan jalan di Indonesia, limbah plastik Low-Density Polyethylene dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai material dalam pembuatan campuran beraspal. Selain untuk meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan, limbah plastik ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kekesatan permukaan perkerasan jalan, sehingga pada akhirnya tingkat keselamatan lalu lintas juga dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penggunaan limbah plastik Low-Density Polyethylene film, sebagai bahan tambah terhadap untuk meningkatkan kekesatan permukaan jalan. Proses pembuatan campuran beraspal pada studi ini menggunakan 2 metode, yaitu proses pencampuran kering dan proses pencampuran basah. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan limbah plastik Low-Density Polyethylene berhasil meningkatkan kekesatan benda uji. Secara keseluruhan, proses pencampuran basah memberikan nilai kekesatan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan proses pencampuran kering.

 

Kata-kata kunci: perkerasan jalan; limbah plastik; Low-Density Polyethylene film; kekesatan
Tendensi Natural Manusia ke arah Kebaikan dalam Perspektif Tomas Aquinas
Authors: Njuma Hendrikus Kota
Published: December 2022

In Thomas Aquinas’ view, every human being by nature is directed towards goodness. The goodness as the form of being (ens) is inside the human self. According to Thomas, human goodness is a participation in the highest goodness, namely, God, and thus every human being desires the perfection of the goodness by directing his or herself towards God. This natural tendency (appetitus naturalis) proves that human is directed towards an ‘end’. This goodness appears externally in the human action, and as an external action it is named actus humanus, which manifests the moral aspect of a human being. A person who actualises the goodness in his or her external action affirms his or her essence to the highest goodness. Goodness in morality depends on God as the supreme criterion of morality. It is good if it nears God and is evil if it moves away.
PENEGAKAN SANKSI ADMINISTRASI DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN PENCEMARAN LIMBAH PABRIK TEPUNG TAPIOKA DI KABUPATEN PATI
Authors: Wulandari Dita Putri , Muryati Dewi Tuti , Abib Agus Saiful
Published: December 2022

Hukum lingkungan merupakan sebuah cabang dalam disiplin ilmu hukum yang berkaitan dengan pengaturan hukum terhadap perilaku atau kegiatan-kegiatan subjek hukum dalam pemanfaatan dan perlindungan sumber daya alam dan lingkungan hidup serta perlindungan manusia dari dampak negatif yang timbul akibat pemanfaatan sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini dilakukan adalah untuk mengetahui penegakan sanksi administrasi dalam kaitannya dengan pencemaran limbah pabrik tepung tapioka di Kabupaten Pati, dan faktor yang menghambat penegakan sanksi administrasi serta upaya yang  dilakukan  untuk  mengatasi  hambatan  tersebut.  Adapun  jenis  penelitian  adalah yuridis sosiologis, spesifikasi penelitian adalah deskriptif analitis, metode penentuan sampel  adalah  purposive  sampling,  metode  pengumpulan  data  adalah  bahan  hukum primer dan metode analisis data, menggunakan dengan metode kualitatif. Selanjutnya disusun dalam bentuk skripsi ini. Sanksi yang diberikan berupa teguran tertulis, pencabutan izin, pemberhentian sementara untuk yang melanggar akibat pembuangan limbah.  Tidak  ada  hambatan  dalam  menegakkan  sanksi  administrasi.  Pihak  desa Sidomukti memberikan bantuan dengan iuran uang Rp 250.000,- per tahun dan per home industry, untuk biaya pengerukan limbah yang berada di daerah pesisir pantai. Setiap home industry disarankan agar membuat IPAL untuk mengolah sisa limbah tapioka.
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI HUKUM PIDANA TENTANG PENGHINAAN CITRA TUBUH (BODY SHAMING)
Authors: Shafa Salsabila Dhiya , Juita Subaidah Ratna , Aryaputra Muhammad Iftar
Published: December 2022

Pada era sekarang media sosial sudah sangat berkembang pesat sehingga banyak orang yang dengan mudahnya mengomentari orang lain lewat media sosial. Komentar yang dilontarkan pun seringkali komentar negatif, seseorang memberikan komentar negatif kepada orang lain tanpa memikirkan   bagaimana   kondisi   seseorang   tersebut.   Zaman   sekarang   sering   terjadi   tindakan penghinaan  citra  tubuh  (body  shaming).  Permasalahan  dalam  penelitian  ini  berkaitan  dengan kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana tentang penghinaan citra tubuh (body shaming) saat ini dan kebijakan  formulasi  hukum  pidana  tentang  penghinaan  citra  tubuh  (body  shaming)  di  masa mendatang.  Metode  analisis  data  yang  digunakan  dalam  penelitian  ini  adalah  metode  analitis kualitatif,  dengan  pendekatan  perundang-undangan.  Jenis  data  dalam  penelitian  ini  yaitu  data sekunder. Kebijakan formulasi hukum pidana tentang penghinaan citra tubuh (body shaming) saat ini yaitu untuk mewujudkan peraturan perundang-undangan yang digunakan untuk mengatur masyarakat agar tidak melakukan tindakan penghinaan citra tubuh (body shaming) dapat dikenakan Pasal 27 ayat (3) jo. Pasal 45 ayat 1 UU ITE. Di masa mendatang dapat dilakukan dengan cara melihat Pasal 439 dan Pasal 442 RKUHP untuk ancaman pidana yang dapat dijatuhkan kepada pelaku penghinaan citra tubuh (body shaming).

 
KEKUATAN HUKUM HAK TANGGUNGAN ATAS OBJEK SERTIFIKAT HAK ATAS TANAH YANG AKAN DITURUN WARIS: STUDI KASUS DI KANTOR NOTARIS JANE MARGARETHA HANDAYANI, SH, MKN
Authors: Nianda Vika , Astanti Dhian Indah , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: December 2022

Kehidupan manusia tidak terlepas dari peranan tanah. UUPA telah meletakkan dasar-dasar untuk memberikan kepastian hukum mengenai hak-hak atas tanah. Hak tas tanah dibuktikan dengan kepemilikan sertifikat hak atas tanah. Pemegang hak atas tanah agar dapat menjaminkan hak atas (sertifikat tanah) kepada pihak bank dengan tujuan pengambilan  dana  atau  pembiayaan  dengan  cara  dibebani  hak  tanggungan.  Nama sertifikat haruslah sudah atas nama para ahli waris atau nantinya salah satu pemegang hak. Tanah Warisan juga dapat dijadikan sebagai jaminan dengan di bebani hak tanggungan dengan syarat telah melalui prosedur turun waris terlebih dahulu, tetapi pada kenyataannya banyak masyarakat yang belum mengetahui sebelum membebani hak tanah warisan harus melalui proses turun waris terlebih dahulu. Pada penelitian ini penulis ingin mengkaji tentang kekuatan hukum hak tanggungan atas objek sertifikat hak atas tanah yang akan diturun waris. Jenis penelitian menggunakan hukum yuridis sosiologis. spesifikasi penelitian pada penelitian ini adalah deskriptif analitis yaitu penulis akan memberikan gambaran mengenai kekuatan hukum hak tanggungan atas objek sertifikat hak atas tanah yang akan diturun waris. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder yang bersumber dari penelitian lapangan berupa wawancara, undang-undang, karya ilmiah, dan hasil penelitian yang kemudian di analisis secara kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian para ahli waris melakukan proses turun waris melalui kantor notaris dengan memenuhi beberapa persyaratan untuk didaftarkan di Kantor Pertanahan untuk menghasilkan nama para  ahli waris, setelah selesai dilanjut dengan pemasangan hak tanggungan. Kekuatan hukum berdasar Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 1960 tentang Undang-Undang Pokok Agraria dalam pasal (19), dijelaskan bahwa untuk memperoleh kekuatan hukum maka sertifikat hak atas tanah harus didaftarkan. dan lebih lanjut dalam Peraturan  Pemerintah  Nomor  24  Tahun  1997  tentang  pendaftaran  tanah  pasal  (3) dijelaskan mengenai tujuan pendaftaran
PENGATURAN MENGENAI PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH KELAPA SAWIT DI KABUPATEN DHARMASRAYA PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Haryanti Agustina Tri , Aldi Alnajmah Zein , Ardhiny Afida Devina
Published: December 2022

Melihat dari potensi yang ada dan untuk mengurangi kerugian baik materil maupun formil pemerintah Indonesia mulai membuat kebijakan-kebijakan terkait pengaturan pengelolaan limbah kelapa sawit. Mulai dari undang-undang, keputusan Menteri, peraturan pemerintah hingga perda dibuat untuk melindungi pelaku usaha maupun masyarakat. Tak ayal pabrik-pabrik yang didirikan tidak berizinan dan menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Limbah-limbah yang dihasilkan ini tak hanya mencemari lingkungan namun juga berbahaya bagi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu pabrik-pabrik kelapa sawit ini didirikan jauh dari lingkungan masyarakat atau lingkungan industri khusus. Maka diperlukan adanya pengaturan pengelolaan limbah kelapa sawit di kabupaten Dharmasraya di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaturan pengelolaan limbah kelapa sawit, pelaksanaannya, dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi oleh pemerintah kabupaten Dharmasraya dalam menangani masalah limbah kelapa sawit. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis sosiologis, dengan spesifikasi deskriptif analitis. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dengan analisisnya kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaturan pengelolaan limbah kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Dharmasraya Provinsi Sumatera Barat belum mempunyai aturan khusus yang mengaturnya, namun dalam meregulasi dan mencegah kerusakan lingkungan pemerintah daerah menggunakan aturan-aturan yang berkaitan dengan pengelolaan limbah. Dan pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah tersebut sesuai dengan peraturan yang berkaitan mengenai pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah.
PEMBERIAN HAK ISTIMEWA DAN FASILITAS BAGI PENANAM MODAL ASING DI INDONESIA: DITINJAU DARI UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 25 TAHUN 2005 TENTANG PENANAMAN MODAL
Authors: Anandani Aulia Lurisa
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui hak istimewa dan fasilitas bagi penanam modal asing di Indonesia selain itu untuk mengetahui pemerintah dalam memberikan fasilitas kepada penanam modal asing dan penanam modal dalam negeri berdasarkan Undang-Undang No. 25 Tahun 2005 tentang Penanaman Modal. Dalam Pasal 18 sampai degan Pasal 24 UUPM, ditentukan bahwa investor, baik dalam negeri maupun asing yang menanamkan investasinya di Indonesia diberikan fasilitas. Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. penanam modal asing baru mendapatkan hak istimewa nya apabila ada perjanjian istimewa di Indonesia, dan pemberian hak istimewa juga diberikan kepada penanam modal asing dan dalam negeri apabila telah sesuai dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan oleh UUPM.
TANGGUNG JAWAB PELAKU USAHA ROKOK ELEKTRIK YANG TIDAK MENCANTUMKAN LABEL INFORMASI DAN PERINGATAN KESELAMATAN PADA KEMASANNYA
Authors: Haryono Dwi Bambang , Heryanti B Rini , Triasih Dharu
Published: December 2022

Adanya penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengetahui perlindungan hukum dan bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen rokok elektrik di Kota kendal yang tidak tercantum label informasi dan peringatan pada kemasannya dilatarbelakangi oleh maraknya transaksi rokok elektrik di Kota Kendal yang dijual secara bebas oleh pelaku usaha. Kurangnya Informasi dari pelaku usaha dan tidak adanya informasi yang jelas dalam paket pembelian rokok elektrik sering menyesatkan konsumen. Dengan adanya hal itu, maka timbul beberapa permasalahan yaitu mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen rokok elektrik terhadap pelaku usaha rokok elektrik di Kota Kendal yang tidak mencantumkan label informasi dan peringatan keselamatan pada kemasannya serta bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha terhadap konsumen rokok elektrik di Kota Kendal yang tidak mencantumkan label informasi dan peringatan keselamatan pada kemasannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlindungan hukum bagi konsumen rokok elektrik terhadap pelaku usaha rokok elektrik di Kota Kendal yang tidak mencantumkan label informasi dan peringatan keselamatan pada kemasannya yaitu dapat ditemui pengaturannya dalam Pasal 4, Pasal 7, Pasal 8, Pasal 19, dan Pasal 62 UUPK serta Pasal 60 ayat (3) Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 109 Tahun 2012 tentang Pengamanan Bahan yang Mengandung Zat Adiktif. Bentuk tanggung jawab pelaku usaha rokok elektrik di Kota Kendal yang tidak mencantumkan label informasi dan peringatan keselamatan pada kemasannya antara lain memberikan garansi produk, mengganti kerugian yang diderita konsumen, dan membantu sebagian dari biaya pengobatan apabila terbukti gangguan kesehatan yang diderita oleh konsumen itu disebabkan oleh penggunaan rokok elektrik.
IMPLEMENTASI PENATAAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KABUPATEN SEMARANG BERDASARKAN PERATURAN DAERAH NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2014 TENTANG PENATAAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA KABUPATEN SEMARANG
Authors: Fatma Pitaloka Aenida , Nuswanto A. Heru , Sihotang Amri Panahatan
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan Implementasi Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Kabupaten Semarang Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penataan Dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima Kabupaten Semarang, dalam upaya pelaksanaan penataan dan ketertiban para pedagang (PKL) yang berada di kawasan Alun-Alun Lama Ungaran dan Pasar Bandarjo Ungaran. Jenis penelitian yang dipergunakan adalah yuridis sosiologis. Dengan spesifikasi penelitian yaitu penelitian deskriptif analitis. Menggunakan metode penentuan sampel yaitu purposive sampling, sedangkan dalam metode pengumpulan data yaitu data primer, data sekunder dan data tersier. Data primer yang diperoleh langsung dari penelitian di lapangan. Adapun terdapat metode analisis data yaitu dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, dapat disimpulkan bahwa mengenai Implementasi Penataan Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Kabupaten Semarang Berdasarkan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 pada lingkup Kabupaten Semarang terutama di Alun-Alun Lama Ungaran dan Pasar Bandarjo Ungaran, sudah cukup terlaksana dengan baik. Pedagang (PKL) sudah banyak mengetahui dan memahami adanya Perda Kabupaten Semarang Nomor 3 Tahun 2014 Tentang Penataan Dan Pemberdayaan Pedagang Kaki Lima Kabupaten Semarang. Kendala dalam melaksanakan penelitian yaitu saat melakukan penelitian di kantor Satpol PP, peneliti mendapatkan informasi melalui pesan whatsapp. Dan kendala saat di lapangan pada pedagang (PKL) yaitu pedagang yang masih belum bisa teratur atau kategori pedagang baru, pelanggaran lokasi yaitu menempatkan dagangannya di trotoar dan di sepanjang jalan atau kawasan tertib, untuk PKL yang berdagang di trotoar belum disediakan tempat dari pemerintah. Aturan ini berlaku pada siang hari, kalau malam hari diperbolehkan.