bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association of antidepressant drug use with outcome of patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Seliger Corinna , Oppong Felix Boakye , Lefranc Florence , Chinot Olivier , Stupp Roger , Nabors Burt , Gorlia Thierry , Weller Michael ,   EORTC Brain Tumor Group
Published: November 2022

Depressive symptoms are common among patients with glioblastoma, but patients are often not treated with antidepressants. There is only limited evidence on the association of antidepressant drug use with survival in glioblastoma. We performed a pooled analysis of patients treated within the CENTRIC, CORE, AVAglio and ACT‐IV trials to explore the relation of antidepressant drug use with progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) at baseline, at the start of maintenance therapy and at the start of maintenance cycle 4. We further assessed the association of antidepressant drugs with seizure, cognition, fatigue and a diagnosis of depression. Among more than 1700 patients, we found no significant association between the use of antidepressants at baseline or at the start of maintenance therapy and PFS or OS. However, we found OS, but not PFS, to be significantly worse in patients using antidepressants at the start of maintenance cycle 4. After adjustment for antiepileptic drug use and despite showing a trend for increased risk, seizures were not significantly associated with antidepressant drug use, nor was there a change in mini mental state examination (MMSE) scores or fatigue by antidepressant drug use at baseline. However, there was a significant positive association between antidepressant use at the start of maintenance treatment and fatigue during maintenance treatment. The association of antidepressant use at the start of maintenance cycle 4 with inferior OS of glioblastoma patients requires independent confirmation and further study. Further prospective trials should evaluate efficacy, side effects and associations with outcome of antidepressants in glioblastoma.
Extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer: Current management and future directions
Authors: Yu Ying , Chen Kaiyan , Fan Yun
Published: November 2022

Extensive‐stage small‐cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC) is regarded as a refractory carcinoma associated with extremely rapid disease progression. After more than three decades without clinical advances, research on immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) combined with platinum‐based chemotherapy has led to the first treatment breakthrough, establishing a new standard for the first‐line treatment of ES‐SCLC. Further studies have extensively evaluated small‐molecule antiangiogenic drugs, PARP inhibitors, as well as lurbinectedin in SCLC and have demonstrated some benefit, although no breakthroughs have been made. In addition, newer therapeutic strategies with targeted agents, novel chemotherapeutics and immunotherapies are evolving as they are being actively explored and hold promise for patients with this disease. Notably, the preliminary identification of SCLC molecular subtypes driven by the expression of dominant transcription factors with RNA sequencing profiles has made it possible to identify molecularly tailored therapeutic approaches, which increases the potential for individualized precision treatment of SCLC. In this review, we summarize recent research advances in ES‐SCLC, outline the current management of this disease and reflect on directions for future development.
Greater pQCT Calf Muscle Density Is Associated with Lower Fracture Risk, Independent of FRAX, Falls and BMD: A Meta‐Analysis in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Study
Authors: Harvey Nicholas C. , Orwoll Eric , Cauley Jane A. , Kwok Timothy , Karlsson Magnus K. , Rosengren Björn E. , Ribom Eva , Cawthon Peggy M. , Ensrud Kristine , Liu Enwu , Laskou Faidra , Ward Kate A. , Dennison Elaine M. , Cooper Cyrus , Kanis John A. , Vandenput Liesbeth , Lorentzon Mattias , Ohlsson Claes , Mellström Dan , Johansson Helena , McCloskey Eugene
Published: November 2022

We investigated the predictive performance of peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) measures of both calf muscle density (an established surrogate for muscle adiposity, with higher values indicating lower muscle adiposity and higher muscle quality) and size (cross‐sectional area [CSA]) for incident fracture. pQCT (Stratec XCT2000/3000) measurements at the tibia were undertaken in Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) United States (US), Hong Kong (HK), and Swedish (SW) cohorts. Analyses were by cohort and synthesized by meta‐analysis. The predictive value for incident fracture outcomes, illustrated here for hip fracture (HF), using an extension of Poisson regression adjusted for age and follow‐up time, was expressed as hazard ratio (HR) per standard deviation (SD) increase in exposure (HR/SD). Further analyses adjusted for femoral neck (fn) bone mineral density (BMD) T‐score, Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) 10‐year fracture probability (major osteoporotic fracture) and prior falls. We studied 991 (US), 1662 (HK), and 1521 (SW) men, mean ± SD age 77.0 ± 5.1, 73.9 ± 4.9, 80 ± 3.4 years, followed for a mean ± SD 7.8 ± 2.2, 8.1 ± 2.3, 5.3 ± 2.0 years, with 31, 47, and 78 incident HFs, respectively. Both greater muscle CSA and greater muscle density were associated with a lower risk of incident HF [HR/SD: 0.84; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72–1.0 and 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66–0.91, respectively]. The pattern of associations was not materially changed by adjustment for prior falls or FRAX probability. In contrast, after inclusion of fn BMD T‐score, the association for muscle CSA was no longer apparent (1.04; 95% CI, 0.88–1.24), whereas that for muscle density was not materially changed (0.69; 95% CI, 0.59–0.82). Findings were similar for osteoporotic fractures. pQCT measures of greater calf muscle density and CSA were both associated with lower incidence of fractures in older men, but only muscle density remained an independent risk factor for fracture after accounting for fn BMD. These findings demonstrate a complex interplay between measures of bone, muscle size, and quality, in determining fracture risk. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Protein intake and bone mineral density: Cross‐sectional relationship and longitudinal effects in older adults
Authors: Groenendijk Inge , Grootswagers Pol , Santoro Aurelia , Franceschi Claudio , Bazzocchi Alberto , Meunier Nathalie , Caille Aurélie , Malpuech‐Brugere Corinne , Bialecka‐Debek Agata , Pietruszka Barbara , Fairweather‐Tait Susan , Jennings Amy , de Groot Lisette C.P.G.M.
Published: November 2022

Background

There are several mechanisms via which increased protein intake might maintain or improve bone mineral density (BMD), but current evidence for an association or effect is inconclusive. The objectives of this study were to investigate the association between dietary protein intake (total, plant and animal) with BMD (spine and total body) and the effects of protein supplementation on BMD.

Methods

Individual data from four trials that included either (pre‐)frail, undernourished or healthy older adults (aged ≥65 years) were combined. Dietary intake was assessed with food records (2, 3 or 7 days) and BMD with dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Associations and effects were assessed by adjusted linear mixed models.

Results

A total of 1570 participants [57% women, median (inter‐quartile range): age 71 (68–75) years] for which at least total protein intake and total body BMD were known were included in cross‐sectional analyses. In fully adjusted models, total protein intake was associated with higher total body and spine BMD [beta (95% confidence interval): 0.0011 (0.0006–0.0015) and 0.0015 (0.0007–0.0023) g/cm2, respectively]. Animal protein intake was associated with higher total body and spine BMD as well [0.0011 (0.0007–0.0016) and 0.0017 (0.0010–0.0024) g/cm2, respectively]. Plant protein intake was associated with a lower total body and spine BMD [−0.0010 (−0.0020 to −0.0001) and −0.0019 (−0.0034 to −0.0004) g/cm2, respectively]. Associations were similar between sexes. Participants with a high ratio of animal to plant protein intake had higher BMD. In participants with an adequate calcium intake and sufficient serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the association between total protein intake with total body and spine BMD became stronger. Likewise, the association between animal protein intake with total body BMD was stronger. In the longitudinal analyses, 340 participants [58% women, median (inter‐quartile range): age 75 (70–81) years] were included. Interventions of 12 or 24 weeks with protein supplementation or protein supplementation combined with resistance exercise did not lead to significant improvements in BMD.

Conclusions

An association between total and animal protein intake with higher BMD was found. In contrast, plant protein intake was associated with lower BMD. Research is warranted to further investigate the added value of dietary protein alongside calcium and vitamin D for BMD improvement, especially in osteopenic or osteoporotic individuals. Moreover, more research on the impact of a plant‐based diet on bone health is needed.
Anti‐consumption behavior: A meta‐analytic integration of attitude behavior context theory and well‐being theory
Authors: Maseeh Haroon Iqbal , Sangroya Deepak , Jebarajakirthy Charles , Adil Mohd , Kaur Jaspreet , Yadav Miklesh P. , Saha Raiswa
Published: November 2022

Researchers have given considerable attention to investigate anti‐consumption behavior. However, empirical research tends to report somewhat erratic and inconsistent findings. Accordingly, the relationships between the antecedents, and the outcome variables of anti‐consumption behavior, such as consumer well‐being, remain unclear. Thus, to fill this void in the literature, this study integrates Attitude Behavior Context (ABC) theory and Well‐being theory into a meta‐analytic framework and synthesizes the extant literature on anti‐consumption to examine concrete relationships between the contextual and attitudinal variables, anti‐consumption behavior and consumer well‐being. The findings show that ecological concern, religiosity, mortality salience, and perceived behavioral control influence anti‐consumption attitudes and intention, whereas consumer well‐being is the outcome variable of anti‐consumption behavior. To investigate the possible reasons for the inconsistent findings, we performed a moderation analysis which suggests that country of study, product type, data collection period, research methods and sample type may cause inconsistencies in the findings. This meta‐analytic study contributes to the anti‐consumption literature. Practically, the findings provide guidelines to policymakers and societal organizations interested in promoting anti‐consumption.
Rehabilitating Cough Dysfunction in Parkinson's Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Troche Michelle S. , Curtis James A. , Sevitz Jordanna S. , Dakin Avery E. , Perry Sarah E. , Borders James C. , Grande Alessandro A. , Mou Yuhan , Vanegas‐Arroyave Nora , Hegland Karen W.
Published: November 2022

Background

Disorders of airway protection (cough and swallowing) are pervasive in Parkinson's disease (PD) resulting in a high incidence of aspiration pneumonia and death. However, there are no randomized controlled trials comparing strength and skill‐based approaches to improve airway protection in PD.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare expiratory muscle strength training (EMST) and sensorimotor training for airway protection (smTAP) to improve cough‐related outcomes in people with PD.

Methods

Participants with PD and dysphagia were recruited for this prospective phase II randomized‐blinded controlled clinical trial. Participants completed baseline assessment, 5 weeks of EMST or smTAP, and a post‐training assessment. Primary outcome measures included maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) and voluntary cough peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Mixed effects models were used to assess the effects of EMST and smTAP on outcomes.

Results

A total of 65 participants received either EMST (n = 34) or smTAP (n = 31). MEP improved from pre‐ to post‐treatment for smTAP (P < 0.001, d = 0.19) and EMST (P < 0.001, d = 0.53). Voluntary PEFR increased from pre‐ to post‐treatment for smTAP (P < 0.001, d = 0.19) and EMST (P < 0.001, d = 0.06). Moreover, reflex cough PEFR (P < 0.001, d = 0.64), reflex cough expired volume (P < 0.001, d = 0.74), and urge to cough (P = 0.018, OR = 2.70) improved for the smTAP group but not for the EMST group.

Conclusions

This clinical trial confirmed the efficacy of smTAP to improve reflex and voluntary cough function, above and beyond EMST, the current gold standard. © 2022 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
Visible‐light‐switchable azobenzenes: Molecular design, supramolecular systems, and applications
Authors: Gao Minghao , Kwaria Dennis , Norikane Yasuo , Yue Youfeng
Published: November 2022

Photocontrol of functional molecules and supramolecular systems provides promising directions for the development of innovative materials and technologies. Reversible photoswitches that can isomerize among different states play a vital role in such photoresponsive systems. However, the commonly used UV light for triggering the isomerization of photoswitches such as azobenzene (AB) has limited their applications in functional material systems because UV light penetrates poorly and causes damage to materials or biological tissues. Accordingly, tremendous endeavors have been devoted to the development of visible‐light‐switchable molecules and expand their new applications in various fields. Herein, we highlight the strategies of molecule design for visible‐light‐switchable ABs by discussing the effects of benzene substituents on the absorption spectrum. Based on this, visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular systems with metal–organic frames, cyclodextrins, nanoparticles, and biomolecules (DNAs, peptides, and proteins) are elaborated. Then, the light‐responsive mechanical properties and their emerging applications in actuators, biological systems, information storage, energy storage, nonlinear optical devices, and photoswitchable adhesives are discussed. Finally, a summary of the challenges and perspective on visible‐light‐switchable ABs are outlined.

Key points

Structural design strategies for visible‐light‐responsive azobenzenes

Visible‐light‐responsive supramolecular azobenzene systems in different research areas ranging from chemistry to biology

Their light‐responsive mechanical properties and emerging applications
Low‐friction coatings on medical needles through atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐polymerization technology
Authors: Muro‐Fraguas Ignacio , Sainz‐García Ana , Múgica‐Vidal Rodolfo , Sainz‐García Elisa , González‐Marcos Ana , Alba‐Elías Fernando
Published: November 2022

The global needle market is growing due to an increase in the geriatric population, chronic diseases, and the high demand for vaccines. High insertion forces cause unpleasant effects on patients, needle deformation, and tissue displacement, affecting the accuracy of the methods. To reduce insertion forces, atmospheric‐pressure plasma‐polymerized coatings were deposited on spinal needles. The influence of liquid precursor, plasma power, precursor gas flow, and treatment time has been analyzed. To avoid plasma‐polymerized coatings detached after the injection test, it is necessary to apply a precursor that not only has antifriction molecules (siloxane) but also has particles that promote the durability of the coatings (amines). N1‐(3‐trimethoxysilylpropyl)diethylenetriamine (TRIAP) was the most effective, reducing insertion–extraction forces regarding noncoated spinal needles, by 75% and 50%, respectively.
Impact of the bladder detrusor muscular ring on lower urinary tract symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia: A quantitative MRI analysis
Authors: Nandalur Kiran R. , Walker David , Ye Hong , Al‐Katib Sayf , Seifman Brian , Gangwish David , Dhaliwal Abhay , Connor Ervin , Dobies Kayla , Sesoko Channing , Dejoie Wesley , Zwaans Bernadette , Nandalur Sirisha , Nguyen Jennifer , Hafron Jason
Published: November 2022

Background

The etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH) remains uncertain.

Objective

The purpose of our study was to quantitatively analyze anatomic characteristics on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess novel independent factors for symptoms.

Methods

This retrospective single‐institution study evaluated treatment‐naïve men who underwent prostate MRI within 3 months of international prostate symptom score (IPSS) scoring from June 2021 to February 2022. Factors measured on MRI included: size of the detrusor muscular ring (DMR) surrounding the bladder outlet, central gland (CG) mean apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), levator hiatus (LH) volume, intrapelvic volume, intravesicular prostate protrusion (IPP) volume, CG volume, peripheral zone (PZ) volume, prostate urethra angle (PUA), and PZ background ordinal score. Multivariable logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic analysis were used to analyze factors for moderate/severe (IPSS ≥ 8) and severe LUTS/BPH (IPSS ≥ 20).

Results

A total of 303 men (mean age: 66.1 [SD: 8.1]) were included: 154 demonstrated moderate or severe symptoms with 28 severe and 149 with asymptomatic/mild symptoms. Increasing age [p = 0.02; odds ratio (OR): 1.05 (1.01–1.08)], PUA [p = 0.02; OR: 1.05 (1.01–1.09)], LH volume [p = 0.04; OR: 1.02 (1.00–1.05)], and DMR size measured as diameter [p < 0.001; OR: 5.0 (3.01–8.38)] or area [p < 0.001; OR: 1.92 (1.47–2.49)] were significantly independently associated with moderate/severe symptoms, with BMI [p = 0.02; OR: 0.93 (0.88–0.99)] inversely related. For every one cm increase in DMR diameter, patients had approximately five times the odds for moderate/severe symptoms. Increasing DMR size [diameter p < 0.001; OR: 2.74 (1.76–4.27) or area p < 0.001; OR: 1.37 (1.18–1.58)] was independently associated with severe symptoms. Optimal criterion cutoff of DMR diameter for moderate/severe symptoms was 1.2 cm [sensitivity: 77.3; specificity: 71.8; AUC: 0.80 (0.75–0.84)]. Inter‐reader reliability was excellent for DMR diameter [ICC = 0.92 (0.90–0.94)].

Conclusion

Expansion of the DMR surrounding the bladder outlet is a novel anatomic factor independently associated with moderate and severe LUTS/BPH, taking into account prostate volumes, including quantified IPP volume, which were unrelated. Detrusor ring diameter, easily and reliably measured on routine prostate MRI, may relate to detrusor dysfunction from chronic stretching of this histologically distinct smooth muscle around the bladder neck.
Migration for co‐residence among long‐distance couples: The role of local family ties and gender
Authors: van der Wiel Roselinde , Gillespie Brian Joseph , Tølbøll Lene
Published: November 2022

When long‐distance couples start living together, the decision about where to co‐reside has important repercussions, as long‐distance moves often lead to the loss of local ties. Drawing on Danish population register data on long‐distance opposite‐sex couples and cross‐classified multi‐level statistical analyses, we explore each partner's share in the total distance moved at the start of their co‐residence. We examine the influence of local ties to family and gender asymmetries. Our findings indicate that women tend to bridge the larger share of the distance when moving into co‐residence. Living close to non‐resident children, parents or siblings and having resident children lower one's share in the total distance moved. Men's local ties to non‐resident family have more influence than women's, while women's resident children seem to exert more influence. Our results suggest that traditional gender patterns shape couples' decision‐making about where to live together and who migrates the greater share of the distance.
Role of cloud microphysics and energetics in regulating different phases of the monsoon low‐pressure systems over the Indian region
Authors: Hazra Vivekananda , Pattnaik Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Monsoon low‐pressure systems (LPS) are the major contributor to these heavy rainfall events and pose a significant challenge to operational forecasting agencies in terms of prediction accuracy with adequate lead time, particularly at a district scale. The present study investigates the role of microphysical parameterizations associated with these LPS during the intensification phases, that is, depressions (MD) and deep depressions (DD), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. A total of 130 simulations are carried out (12 MD and 14 DD) using five cloud microphysical parameterizations, that is, WSM6, WDM6, Thompson, Milbrandt, and Aerosol Aware Thompson, up to 96 hr. The study aims to interlink rainfall vulnerability and LPS intensity both at the district scale for the state of Odisha (India). Results suggest that Mayurbhanj is the most vulnerable district in terms of rainfall. The WDM6 has the best skills in terms of rainfall. The analysis of storm energetics is carried out to provide a possible clue about the mechanism facilitating the intensification of specific LPS to DD. Results suggest that DDs are more thermodynamically efficient than MDs to convert the latent energy to kinetic energy, facilitating its intensification process through higher kinetic energy generation and moisture consumption. Further, it is found that deep vertical updraft with the strong inward flow in the lower troposphere supported by intense tangential wind within the 300 km radial periphery is distinct in DD compared to MD. The findings of the study will have direct implications on localized forecast, policy planning, disaster preparedness, mitigation, and adaptation.
Insight into the role of clathrin‐mediated endocytosis inhibitors in SARS‐CoV‐2 infection
Authors: Alkafaas Samar Sami , Abdallah Abanoub Mosaad , Ghosh Soumya , Loutfy Samah A. , Elkafas Sara Samy , Abdel Fattah Nasra F. , Hessien Mohamed
Published: November 2022

Emergence of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants warrants sustainable efforts to upgrade both the diagnostic and therapeutic protocols. Understanding the details of cellular and molecular basis of the virus–host cell interaction is essential for developing variant‐independent therapeutic options. The internalization of SARS‐CoV‐2, into lung epithelial cells, is mediated by endocytosis, especially clathrin‐mediated endocytosis (CME). Although vaccination is the gold standard strategy against viral infection, selective inhibition of endocytic proteins, complexes, and associated adaptor proteins may present a variant‐independent therapeutic strategy. Although clathrin and/or dynamins are the most important proteins involved in CME, other endocytic mechanisms are clathrin and/or dynamin independent and rely on other proteins. Moreover, endocytosis implicates some subcellular structures, like plasma membrane, actin and lysosomes. Also, physiological conditions, such as pH and ion concentrations, represent an additional factor that mediates these events. Accordingly, endocytosis related proteins are potential targets for small molecules that inhibit endocytosis‐mediated viral entry. This review summarizes the potential of using small molecules, targeting key proteins, participating in clathrin‐dependent and ‐independent endocytosis, as variant‐independent antiviral drugs against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. The review takes two approaches. The first outlines the potential role of endocytic inhibitors in preventing endocytosis‐mediated viral entry and its mechanism of action, whereas in the second computational analysis was implemented to investigate the selectivity of common inhibitors against endocytic proteins in SARS‐CoV‐2 endocytosis. The analysis revealed that remdesivir, methyl‐β‐cyclodextrin, rottlerin, and Bis‐T can effectively inhibit clathrin, HMG‐CoA reductase, actin, and dynamin I GTPase and are more potent in inhibiting SARS‐CoV‐2 than chloroquine. CME inhibitors for SARS‐CoV‐2 infection remain understudied.
Feedback control of actuation‐constrained moving structure carrying Timoshenko beam
Authors: Homaeinezhad Mohammad Reza , Abbasi Gavari Mohammad
Published: November 2022

This article deals with tracking control and active vibration suppression of a hybrid rigid‐elastic vibrational mobile system with a nonlinear elastic foundation in the presence of actuator bandwidth limitation and control input saturation. The system consists of a rigid rectilinearly mobile frame on an elastic foundation, and a flexible Timoshenko beam clamped to it with a heavy attached concentrated mass. The hybrid partial differential equation (PDE)‐ordinary differential equation (ODE) system of the plant is obtained using Hamilton's principle and then is converted to a system of ODEs using the assumed mode method (AMM). Next, the model will be discretized in the time domain using the two‐step Adams‐Bashforth technique. Considering the first‐order dynamics to cover the bandwidth limitation of the actuator, a discrete‐time sliding mode controller (DSMC) is designed based on a positive definite Lyapunov functional. Following that, an innovative optimal predictive algorithm is proposed to compensate for the effects of input saturation. The proposed algorithm is based on a positive definite cost function and using an intelligent regime of optimizations and decisions, minimizes the cost function in a predefined prediction horizon. The vibratory behavior of the system also is included in the mentioned cost function. Consequently, the overall control scheme called optimal rigid‐elastic interaction control (OREIC) will be able to follow the desired tracking trajectory, suppress the beam vibrations, and compensate for the effect of bandwidth limitation as well as the effect of input saturation. The performance of the OREIC algorithm is compared with a saturated DSMC controller and the simulation results demonstrate the efficiency of the method in vibration control of mobile rigid‐elastic systems subjected to actuator bandwidth frequency and saturation limitations.
Protein cargo encapsulation by virus‐like particles: Strategies and applications
Authors: McNeale Donna , Dashti Noor , Cheah Li Chen , Sainsbury Frank
Published: November 2022

Viruses and the recombinant protein cages assembled from their structural proteins, known as virus‐like particles (VLPs), have gained wide interest as tools in biotechnology and nanotechnology. Detailed structural information and their amenability to genetic and chemical modification make them attractive systems for further engineering. This review describes the range of non‐enveloped viruses that have been co‐opted for heterologous protein cargo encapsulation and the strategies that have been developed to drive encapsulation. Spherical capsids of a range of sizes have been used as platforms for protein cargo encapsulation. Various approaches, based on native and non‐native interactions between the cargo proteins and inner surface of VLP capsids, have been devised to drive encapsulation. Here, we outline the evolution of these approaches, discussing their benefits and limitations. Like the viruses from which they are derived, VLPs are of interest in both biomedical and materials applications. The encapsulation of protein cargo inside VLPs leads to numerous uses in both fundamental and applied biocatalysis and biomedicine, some of which are discussed herein. The applied science of protein‐encapsulating VLPs is emerging as a research field with great potential. Developments in loading control, higher order assembly, and capsid optimization are poised to realize this potential in the near future.

This article is categorized under:

Nanotechnology Approaches to Biology > Nanoscale Systems in Biology

Biology‐Inspired Nanomaterials > Protein and Virus‐Based Structures
Intelligent computing paradigm for the Buongiorno model of nanofluid flow with partial slip and MHD effects over a rotating disk
Authors: Akbar Ajed , Ullah Hakeem , Nisar Kottakkaran Sooppy , Raja Muhammad Asif Zahoor , Shoaib Muhammad , Islam Saeed
Published: November 2022

This study examines the Buongiorno model for the MHD nano‐fluid flow through a rotating disk under the influence of partial slip effects using the Levenberg Marquardt back‐propagation neural networks scheme (LMB‐NNS). The basic system of nonlinear PDEs used to describe the Buongiorno model of MHD nanofluid flow over rotating disk (BM‐MHD‐NRD) model is converted into an analogous nonlinear ODEs system utilizing similarity transformations. A data set for the recommended LMB‐NNS is spawned using the Explicit Runge‐Kutta numerical method for a variety of BM‐MHD‐NRD scenarios by varying the magnetic field number (M), velocity slip parameter (γ), thermophoresis parameter (Nt), Brownian motion parameter (Nb), thermal slip parameter (α) and Schmidt number (Sc). The estimate solution of separate cases has been examined using the LMB‐NNS testing, validation, and training method, and the suggested model has been matched for verification. The MSE, regression analysis, and histogram studies have been used to authenticate the recommended LMB‐NNS. The LMB‐NNS technique has various applications such as disease diagnosis, Robotic control systems, Ecosystem evaluation etc. Analysis of some statistical date like gradient, performance and epoch of the model. With a level of accuracy ranging from 10−09 to 10−12, the suggested approach is differentiated as the closest of the suggested and reference results.
Analytical evaluation of magnetized nanofluid flow in a stagnation point with chemical reaction and nonlinear radiation effect configured by an extended surface
Authors: Rasheed Haroon Ur , Zeeshan  , Islam Saeed , Abbas Tariq , Yassen Mansour F.
Published: November 2022

On the account of technological development and engineering applications, the enhancement of thermal energy by introducing nanoparticles is a crucial task in the present era. This present work is to investigate the physical characteristics of a chemical reaction, heat and mass transfer effects on hydrodynamic stagnation point flow of Watlers‐B nanoliquid configured by a stretching surface. The effect of fluid viscosity, electrical and thermal conductivity is assumed as temperature function. In addition, the impression of thermal conductivity, Brownian and thermophoretic diffusion are incorporated in the revised model. A theoretical framework is employed to simulate the arisen nonlinear (PDEs). With the assistance of transformations techniques, the contemporary (PDEs) are then diminished to nonlinear system of (ODEs). For nonlinear computations, the resulting equations are programmed in the Mathematica 11.0 programing platform. The impression of the model parameters on diverse flow fields is visualized through plotted graphs. Stability and convergence analysis is established for the authentication of the proposed model. Researchers are encouraged to conduct trials to authenticate the innovative consequences provided in this study, which could be obliging in the improved design of mechanical systems comprising the nanofluids that enables heat and mass transfer mechanism.
Following the muon track of hierarchical sectors at LHCb
Authors: Vidal Xabier Cid , Mombächer Titus , Ramos Maria , Fernández Emilio Xosé Rodríguez
Published: November 2022

Abstract

This paper reports a study of the experimental signatures of hierarchical sectors beyond the Standard Model characterized by a flavour-violating heavy vector and a set of light pseudo-Goldstone bosons a1,2, spanning a large range of lifetimes. The non-minimal scalar spectrum triggers novel B decays into multiple leptons that would have escaped the reach of current searches. Novel displaced vertex analyses at LHCb are therefore discussed to probe the hierarchical new physics, extending the scope of the tracking system of the detector. Additionally, the reach of the proposed CODEX-b experiment is studied. By exploiting the use of tracks only reconstructed in subsystems of the detector at the high-level LHCb trigger, $$ \mathcal{B}\left({B}_{s}^{0}\to {a}_{1}{a}_{2}\right)<{10}^{-8} $$
ℬ

B
s
0

→

a
1

a
2

<

10

−
8

and ℬ(B+ → K+a1a2) < 10−9 could be reached in the muon channel across seven orders of magnitude in the lifetime of the Goldstone bosons. Correspondingly, heavy-light particle couplings of order ≲ 1 could be tested, potentially ruling out composite Higgs scenarios where the heavy and light sectors couple strongly.
Erratum to: Single production of vector-like quarks: the effects of large width, interference and NLO corrections
Authors: Deandrea Aldo , Flacke Thomas , Fuks Benjamin , Panizzi Luca , Shao Hua-Sheng
Published: November 2022

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP08(2021)107
The evolution of CNO elements in galaxies
Authors: Romano Donatella
Published: November 2022

After hydrogen and helium, oxygen, carbon, and nitrogen—hereinafter, the CNO elements—are the most abundant species in the universe. They are observed in all kinds of astrophysical environments, from the smallest to the largest scales, and are at the basis of all known forms of life, hence, the constituents of any biomarker. As such, their study proves crucial in several areas of contemporary astrophysics, extending to astrobiology. In this review, I will summarize current knowledge about CNO element evolution in galaxies, starting from our home, the Milky Way. After a brief recap of CNO synthesis in stars, I will present the comparison between chemical evolution model predictions and observations of CNO isotopic abundances and abundance ratios in stars and in the gaseous matter. Such a comparison permits to constrain the modes and time scales of the assembly of galaxies and their stellar populations, as well as stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis theories. I will stress that chemical evolution models must be carefully calibrated against the wealth of abundance data available for the Milky Way before they can be applied to the interpretation of observational datasets for other systems. In this vein, I will also discuss the usefulness of some key CNO isotopic ratios as probes of the prevailing, galaxy-wide stellar initial mass function in galaxies where more direct estimates from the starlight are unfeasible.
BMP10 functions independently from BMP9 for the development of a proper arteriovenous network
Authors: Choi Hyunwoo , Kim Bo-Gyeong , Kim Yong Hwan , Lee Se-Jin , Lee Young Jae , Oh S. Paul
Published: November 2022

Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic vascular disorder characterized by the presence of arteriovenous malformation (AVM) in multiple organs. HHT is caused by mutations in genes encoding major constituents for transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) family signaling: endoglin (ENG), activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1), and SMAD4. The identity of physiological ligands for this ENG-ALK1 signaling pertinent to AVM formation has yet to be clearly determined. To investigate whether bone morphogenetic protein 9 (BMP9), BMP10, or both are physiological ligands of ENG-ALK1 signaling involved in arteriovenous network formation, we generated a novel Bmp10 conditional knockout mouse strain. We examined whether global Bmp10-inducible knockout (iKO) mice develop AVMs at neonatal and adult stages in comparison with control, Bmp9-KO, and Bmp9/10-double KO (dKO) mice. Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice showed AVMs in developing retina, postnatal brain, and adult wounded skin, while Bmp9-KO did not display any noticeable vascular defects. Bmp10 deficiency resulted in increased proliferation and size of endothelial cells in AVM vessels. The impaired neurovascular integrity in the brain and retina of Bmp10-iKO and Bmp9/10-dKO mice was detected. Bmp9/10-dKO mice exhibited the lethality and vascular malformation similar to Bmp10-iKO mice, but their phenotypes were more pronounced. Administration of BMP10 protein, but not BMP9 protein, prevented retinal AVM in Bmp9/10-dKO and endothelial-specific Eng-iKO mice. These data indicate that BMP10 is indispensable for the development of a proper arteriovenous network, whereas BMP9 has limited compensatory functions for the loss of BMP10. We suggest that BMP10 is the most relevant physiological ligand of the ENG-ALK1 signaling pathway pertinent to HHT pathogenesis.
A longitudinal explanatory case study of coordination in a very large development programme: the impact of transitioning from a first- to a second-generation large-scale agile development method
Authors: Dingsøyr Torgeir , Bjørnson Finn Olav , Schrof Julian , Sporsem Tor
Published: November 2022

Large-scale agile development has gained widespread interest in the software industry, but it is a topic with few empirical studies of practice. Development projects at scale introduce a range of new challenges in managing a large number of people and teams, often with high uncertainty about product requirements and technical solutions. The coordination of teams has been identified as one of the main challenges. This study presents a rich longitudinal explanatory case study of a very large software development programme with 10 development teams. We focus on inter-team coordination in two phases: one that applies a first-generation agile development method and another that uses a second-generation one. We identified 27 coordination mechanisms in the first phase, and 14 coordination mechanisms in the second. Based on an analysis of coordination strategies and mechanisms, we develop five propositions on how the transition from a first- to a second-generation method impacts coordination. These propositions have implications for theory and practice.
Effect of sol–gel treatment on physical, chemical and mechanical stability of copper-coated conductive fabrics: focus on EMI shielding effectiveness
Authors: Periyasamy Aravin Prince , Venkataraman Mohanapriya , Militky Jiri
Published: November 2022

The development of electronic and communication technology keeps us updated, but it also creates electromagnetic interference (EMI), which causes infrastructure, hospitals, military facilities, nuclear power plants and delicate devices to malfunction. Therefore, it is crucial to stop the EMI-related infrastructure and electronic component failure. Copper-coated textiles are one potential example of the electrically conducting materials that might be utilized to provide an EMI shielding. However, the copper-coated materials’ performance is typically reduced by chemical and mechanical deterioration, especially when it comes to EMI shielding. In this work, we have improved their durability of Cu-coated nonwoven fibrous materials (Milife fabric) by simple silanization treatment. Later, the mechanical and chemical stability was assessed in terms of their morphology and EMI shielding effectiveness (EMSE). The silane coating helps to protect the Cu layer from degradation due to mechanical forces and chemical environment. Silanes also be a key element in obtaining improve the EMI shielding properties for a longer period. The formation of conductive structures on the fibrous materials was observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), which further confirms the effect of silane coating on chemical stability, abrasion and washing resistance of Cu-coated fibrous materials (cMi) was analyzed. In addition to this, the EMSE values of the silane-coated cMi fibrous materials were used to evaluate the physical, chemical and mechanical stability of the materials.
The Role of Parenthood for Life Satisfaction of Older Women and Men in Europe
Authors: Bauer Gerrit , Brandt Martina , Kneip Thorsten
Published: November 2022

Previous research has widely addressed the gap in well-being between parents and childless individuals. While cross-sectional studies have regularly reported lower levels of well-being for parents, recent longitudinal studies suggest a short-term positive effect with a back-to-baseline adaptation. Whether, why, and how parenthood may affect well-being in older age is, however, still largely unclear. In this paper, a holistic view of well-being developments across the process of aging is combined with a transition-centered, gender sensitive approach to analyze the effects of health decline on the self-reported life satisfaction of parents and childless individuals. Life satisfaction in older age is hypothesized to be influenced by the onset of and coping with health limitations, which themselves may differ by parental status and gender. Using group-specific growth curve analysis based on data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) and accounting for selection into parenthood, we demonstrate how the life satisfaction of men and women evolves in the later life depending on parental status. Results show that from age 50 onwards, parents’ life satisfaction develops somewhat less favorably compared to that of childless individuals, but this difference is not significant. However, fathers' health evolves more favorably while they react less negatively to health limitations than childless men. Our results thus suggest that children are a source of social control with long-term positive effects on health and a coping resource in the face of health limitations for fathers but not for mothers.
Czech Adolescents’ Face-to-Face Meetings With People from the Internet: The Role of Adolescents’ Motives and Expectations
Authors: Mýlek Vojtěch , Dedkova Lenka , Mesch Gustavo S.
Published: November 2022

Research of face-to-face meetings between adolescents and people met online stands on untested assumptions that these meetings are uniform, and adolescents attend them to expand their social circle. It is also unclear what makes such meetings pleasant or unpleasant. This study examined meetings of 611 Czech adolescents (age 11–16, Mage = 14.04, SD = 1.67, 47.1% female). Face-to-face meetings attended with friendly, romantic, or instrumental motives differed from each other, emphasizing the need to investigate them separately. Pleasantness of meetings is closely related to disconfirmation of adolescents’ expectations. Unmet expectations related to unpleasant meetings, exceeded expectations to pleasant ones. While present findings uphold existing theories (e.g., social compensation), they also call for new theoretical perspectives for this common adolescents’ activity.
The protective effects of melatonin in high glucose environment by alleviating autophagy and apoptosis on primary cortical neurons
Authors: Xiong Lijiao , Liu Song , Liu Chaoming , Guo Tianting , Huang Zhihua , Li Liangdong
Published: November 2022

Cognitive dysfunction has been regarded as a complication of diabetes. Melatonin (MLT) shows a neuroprotective effect on various neurological diseases. However, its protective effect on cortical neurons in high glucose environment has not been reported. Our present study aims to observe the protective effect of melatonin on rat cortical neurons and its relationship with autophagy in high glucose environment. The rat primary cortical neurons injury model was induced by high glucose. The CCK-8, flow cytometry, Western blot and immunofluorescence methods were used to examine the cell viability, apoptosis rate and proteins expression. Our results showed that there were no differences in cell viability, apoptosis rate, and protein expression among the control, MLT and mannitol group. The cell viability of the glucose group was significantly lower than that of the control group, and the apoptosis rate of the glucose group was significantly higher than that of the control group. Compared with the glucose group, the glucose + melatonin group showed a significant increase in cell viability and a notable decrease in apoptosis rate. Melatonin concentration of 0.1–1 mmol/L can significantly alleviate the injury of cortical neurons caused by high glucose. Compared with the control group, the glucose group showed a significant reduction of B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) protein expression, while remarkable elevations of Bcl2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved Caspase-3, coiled-coil, myosin-like Bcl2-interacting protein (Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain-3B type II (LC3B-II) levels. The neurons pre-administered with melatonin obtained significantly reversed these changes induced by high glucose. The phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B (Akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mTOR) and Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1(ULK1) were decreased in the glucose group compared with the control group, whereas significant increase were observed in the glucose + MLT group, compared with the glucose group. These data indicated that melatonin has a neuroprotective effect on cortical neurons under high glucose environment, which may work by activating Akt/mTOR/ULK1 pathway and may be deeply associated with the downregulation of autophagy.
In-Silico Modelling of Transdermal Delivery of Macromolecule Drugs Assisted by a Skin Stretching Hypobaric Device
Authors: Sebastia-Saez Daniel , Benaouda Faiza , Lim Chui Hua , Lian Guoping , Jones Stuart A. , Cui Liang , Chen Tao
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To develop a simulation model to explore the interplay between mechanical stretch and diffusion of large molecules into the skin under locally applied hypobaric pressure, a novel penetration enhancement method.

Methods

Finite element method was used to model the skin mechanical deformation and molecular diffusion processes, with validation against in-vitro transdermal permeation experiments. Simulations and experimental data were used together to investigate the transdermal permeation of large molecules under local hypobaric pressure.

Results

Mechanical simulations resulted in skin stretching and thinning (20%–26% hair follicle diameter increase, and 21%–27% skin thickness reduction). Concentration of dextrans in the stratum corneum was below detection limit with and without hypobaric pressure. Concentrations in viable epidermis and dermis were not affected by hypobaric pressure (approximately 2 μg $$\bullet$$
∙
cm−2). Permeation into the receptor fluid was substantially enhanced from below the detection limit at atmospheric pressure to up to 6 μg $$\bullet$$
∙
cm−2 under hypobaric pressure. The in-silico simulations compared satisfactorily with the experimental results at atmospheric conditions. Under hypobaric pressure, satisfactory comparison was attained when the diffusion coefficients of dextrans in the skin layers were increased from $$\sim$$
∼
10 μm2$$\bullet$$
∙
s−1 to between 200–500 μm2$$\bullet$$
∙
s−1.

Conclusions

Application of hypobaric pressure induces skin mechanical stretching and enlarges the hair follicle. This enlargement alone cannot satisfactorily explain the increased transdermal permeation into the receptor fluid under hypobaric pressure. The results from the in-silico simulations suggest that the application of hypobaric pressure increases diffusion in the skin, which leads to improved overall transdermal permeation.