bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near-neutral pre-extraction of hemicelluloses and subsequent kraft pulping of southern mixed hardwoods
Authors: YOON SUNG-HOON , TUNC MEHMET SEFIK , HEININGEN ADRIAAN VAN
Published: November 2019

Southern mixed hardwood chips were extracted with alkaline solutions at different chemical charges, times (45-110 min), and temperatures (125°C-160°C). At high alkali charges (10% and 20% sodium hydroxide [NaOH] as sodium oxide [Na2O]), the extract was strongly alkaline (pH about 13) and 17%-40% of the wood was dissolved. Subsequent kraft cooking of the extracted chips yielded 5%-7% less pulp than that of control kraft pulps. However, at reduced alkali charge, just sufficient to approximately neutralize the acids released during pre-extraction, the pulp yield (on original wood) after subsequent kraft pulping was not affected. In this case, about 5%-10% of the wood substance is removed during pre-extraction with 3% NaOH or 3% green liquor (+0.05% anthraquinone) at 140°C and 160°C for 60, 90, and 110 min. The green liquor extract obtained after 110 min at 160°C contained 2.1% (oven-dry weight basis) of sugars, 2.1% acetic acid, and 1.6% lignin accounting for 64% of the wood weight loss. Kraft pulping of the pre-extracted wood chips performed at 12% effective alkali charge showed significantly improved delignification rates and approximately the same or slightly higher yield than the kraft control at 15% effective alkali. The near-neutral green liquor+anthraquinone pre-extraction kraft pulps showed lower refining response but higher tear resistance and similar tensile strength compared to control kraft pulps.
A reciprocal matrix approach to the analysis of hand-felt softness of facial tissues
Authors: TENG TSER-YING , WANG EUGENE I-CHEN , PERNG YUAN-SHING
Published: November 2019

Previous studies of household tissue softness based on the hand-felt approach used n2 or n-1 paired comparisons and ranking methods to distinguish the order of the samples. However, subjective perceptions and objective sample deviations could not easily be excluded. As an alternative, we used a reciprocal matrix analysis, a paired-comparison method to the n(n-1)/2 power, and found it capable of compensating for the biases of testers and samples and generating a more reasonable and robust ranking. We also were able to effectively quantify hand-felt softness of the samples by calculation of weighting eigenvectors. The proposed pretest training materials and method effectively enhanced the perceptive abilities of the examiners. The experience gained in the process can be used to strengthen standard test procedures and establish professional panels to evaluate hand-felt softness.
Using laser speckle to measure the roughness of paper
Authors: PINO ABDIEL , PLADELLORENS JOSEP , COLOM JOSEP F. , CUSOLA ORIOL , TOSAS AGUSTÍN
Published: November 2019

Paper surface roughness is an important consideration in paper and board destined for printing. The amount of coating and method of application depend on the roughness of the base paper. We present a method to measure the roughness of the paper based on analysis of speckle pattern on the surface. Images are captured by means of a simple configuration using a laser and a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Then, we apply digital image processing using a co-occurrence matrix, providing for a noncontact surface profiling method that can be used online.
A review of cellulose nanocrystals and nanocomposites
Authors: RAMIRES ELAINE C. , DUFRESNE ALAIN
Published: November 2019

Aqueous suspensions of cellulose nanocrystals can be obtained by acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic fibers. Cellulose nanocrystals correspond to defect-free rod-like nanoparticles that present remarkable properties such as light weight, low cost, availability of raw material, renewability, nanoscale dimension, and unique morphology. Because of these properties, cellulose nanocrystals have been largely applied as reinforcing fillers in nanocomposites materials. This paper discusses the preparation, morphological features, and physical properties of cellulose nanocrystals, as well as their incorporation in nanocomposite materials.
Pilot trials of hemicelluloses extraction prior to thermomechanical pulp production: Part 1
Authors: HOUTMAN CARL , HORN ERIC
Published: November 2019

Pilot data indicate that wood chip pretreatment with oxalic acid reduced the specific energy required to make thermomechanical pulp. A combined oxalic acid/bisulfite treatment resulted in 21% refiner energy savings and 13% increase in brightness for aspen. A low level of oxalic acid treatment was effective for spruce. Energy savings of 30% was observed with no significant change in strength properties. Adding bisulfite did not significantly increase the brightness of the spruce pulp. For pine, the optimum treatment was a moderate level of oxalic acid, which resulted in 34% energy savings and an increase in strength properties. For all of these treatments 1–3 w/w % carbohydrates were recovered, which can be fermented to produce ethanol. The extract sugar solution contained significant quantities of arabinose.
ANALISIS KESEHATAN DAN KESELAMATAN KERJA (K3) DENGAN METODE HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDY (HAZOP)
Authors: Anwar Choirul , Tambunan Willy , Gunawan Suwardana
Published: November 2019

In the current industrial era a lot of progress from machine technology or methods used by companies in their production systems. So that the system of production and productivity in the company takes place effectively, safely, and efficiently. One way to achieve this is by paying attention to the occupational health and safety (K3) of the employees in the company. The identification of work accidents used in this study uses the Hazard and Operability Study (HAZOP) method. In the work system in the PDAM there is work that is vulnerable to work accidents such as in the field of maintenance or maintenance on machinery, water treatment production systems, and work carried out in the workshop. From the results of field observations at the PDAM Tirta Kencana workshop and interviews with workers, there were 50 potential hazards that existed at the PDAM Tirta Kencana workshop and were then classified according to the type of sources into 12 sources of hazards. There are 3 levels of work accident risk from hazard sources obtained from the risk matrix assessment, which has the potential to cause work accidents. The level of risk is an extreme risk of 1 source of hazard, a high risk of 5 sources of hazard, and a moderate risk of 6 sources of hazard. The proposal of the results of this study is to conduct OSH training, conduct work supervision, and perform maintenance on machinery and equipment.
Immunomodulator Activity of Effervescent Granule of Wualae Fruit (Etlingera elatior (Jack) R.M. Smith) Based on Specific Phagocytic Activity
Authors: Fristiohady Adryan , Zubaydah Wa Ode Siti , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Mirda Mirda , Saripuddin Saripuddin , Andriani Rina , Purnama La Ode Muhammad Julian , Sahidin Sahidin
Published: November 2019

The previous study reported that Etlingera elatior (Wualae) has activity as immunostimulant with dose at 300 mg/kg BW and 400 mg/kg BW. Formulating natural product into effervescent granule (GE) can increase practicality and interest to consume traditional medicine. This study aims to investigate the immunostimulant activity of Wualae ethanolic extract in the effervescent granule. Wualae was macerated with ethanol then formulated into effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and 400 mg/kgBW. Formulations were evaluated. Animals were divided into 4 groups and treated with: group I (positive control); group II (negative control); group III (GE dose at 300mg/kgBW); and group IV (GE at dose 400mg/kgBW) for 7 days and at days 8, groups were infected by Staphylococcus aureus intraperitoneally. Immunostimulant activity was measured by calculating the Specific Phagocytic Activity (SPA) of macrophage. Data collected from the evaluation and measurement of the SPA then analyzed using SPSS. Results from the evaluation were considered good except the moisture content of effervescent granule. Results from SPA was found that effervescent granule at dose 300 mg/kgBW and at dose 400 mg/kgBW have 26.33% and 32.5% consecutively with significance 0.02 (p<0.05). Thus, effervescent granule has comparable phagocytosis activity with positive control.
Evaluation of Rational Drug Use based on Indicators of Diseases and Facilities at Community Health Centers in Districts in Semarang
Authors: Febrinasari Nisa , Rosyid Abdur , Angelina Leny
Published: November 2019

Rational drug use (RDU) is an indicator to evaluates a treatment given to patients, like proper medication, precise diagnosis, precise dosing. Community Health Center (CHC) has the risk of irrational drug use. In this study, researchers selected N and BL CHC, aiming to evaluate the prescribing indicators based on three diseases which are non-pneumonia acute respiratory infection (ARI), non-specific diarrhea and myalgia, and the facility indicators with DOEN (list of essential national medicines) availability and 20 mandatory drugs. This research was a descriptive-analytical study with cross-sectional methods where the data retrieval of the prescribing is taken from January to December 2018. The study used the normality test and homogeneity test before independent sample T-test, from the third outcome of the test, the N and BL CHC could be said to differ significantly of RDU. It can be concluded that rational drug use is reviewed from a prescribing indicator based on disease and facility indicator. The results of RDU are rational in N CHC, in contrast with BL CHC which is not rational with the results of the RDU in N CHC is 101.44% and BL CHC is 89.81%. The results of N CHC is better than BL CHC, which both CHCs have fulfilled the target of the government, for 68% in 2018. In both CHCs for the facility indicator, there are a DOEN and 20 essential medicines.
STATUS GIZI BERPENGARUH TERHADAP KEJADIAN PNEUMONIA PADA BALITA DI RSUD dr. M YUNUS BENGKULU TAHUN 2017
Authors: Wahyuni Elly , Yorita Epti , Anissa Kintan
Published: November 2019

Abstract: Disease Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that attacks lung tissue, characterized by a cough accompanied by rapid breath or shortness of breath. Riskesdas in 2013 shows the incidence of pneumonia in Indonesia is 1.8% with a prevalence of 4.5%. If translated by number then at least from 23 infants who died every hour and 4 of them because of pneumonia and in 2015 there are 554,650 cases of reported pneumonia. This study aims to determine the relationship of nutritional status with the incidence of pneumonia in infants in hospitals dr. M Yunus Bengkulu Year 2017. The research method used is a quantitative survey with case control approach retrospectively. The number of samples for the case was 28 toddlers and for the control sample of 56 infants. The results of this study found that the variables of nutritional status and age there is a significant relationship with the incidence of pneumonia in toddlers with the value p = 0.00 OR = 9.2273 and p = 0.001 OR = 1.077. And there is no sex relationship with the incidence of pneumonia with p = 1.00. So the conclusion of this study is there is a significant relationship between nutritional status and age with the incidence of pneumonia in infants in hospitals dr. M Yunus Bengkulu where the variable age as an outside variable. The suggestion of this research is can be used as literature to increase the insight and information and health education, can increase the knowledge of health personnel to be more competent in handling the case of pneumonia, and hopefully the result of this research can be used as input or comparison material for subsequent researchers and Other researchers may develop research by linking other factors.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN MPASI PABRIKAN DAN MPASI LOKAL TERHADAP STATUS GIZI BAYI
Authors: Triana Ani , Maita Liva
Published: November 2019

Nutrition improvement programs aimed at increasing the amount and quality of MP-ASI have been carried out, including the provision of MP-ASI for infants and children aged 6-24 months from poor families. In general, there are two types of MP-ASI, which is the result of factory processing or what is known as the manufacturer's MP-ASI and which is processed at home or referred to as local MP-ASI. This study aims to determine the effect of manufacturing MPASI and local MPASI on the nutritional status of infants in the working area of ??Sidomulyo Health Center. This research was conducted through a quasy experiment research design with a series of time (time series design) that is without using the control group as a comparison. The population is babies aged 6-12 months with a sample of 15 people in the group who were given MP-ASI Manufacturing and 15 groups who were given Local MP-ASI. The results of the study the influence of Manufacturing MPASI and Local MPASI on nutritional status with pvalue = 0.548. The need for counseling about nutritional needs, training in food processing and weighing and measuring baby's height regularly
Order of the Cities: Usage as a Transportation Economic Parameter
Authors: Szabó Zsombor , Török Árpád , Sipos Tibor
Published: November 2019

On one hand, better and better databases occur through the world, however for cities a lot of important data is unavailable. On the other hand, the cities are one of the most important units, where transportation interactions ought to be analyzed. In this recent paper the order of the cities (based upon the NUTS – Nomenclature des unités territoriales statistiques classification) will be introduced, and an answer will be found for the question whether this parameter could be used as a substitution of an economic parameter.
Prognostic impact of somatic mutations in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and relationship to cell-of-origin: data from the phase III GOYA study
Authors: Christopher R. Bolen  , Magdalena Klanova  , Marek Trneny  , Laurie H. Sehn  , Jie He  , Jing Tong  , Joseph N. Paulson  , Eugene Kim  , Umberto Vitolo  , Alice Di Rocco  , Günter Fingerle-Rowson  , Tina Nielsen  , Georg Lenz  , Mikkel Z. Oestergaard
Published: November 2019

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma represents a biologically and clinically heterogeneous diagnostic category with well-defined cell-of-origin subtypes. Using data from the GOYA study (NCT01287741), we characterized the mutational profile of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and evaluated the prognostic impact of somatic mutations in relation to cell-of-origin. Targeted DNA next-generation sequencing was performed in 499 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue biopsies from previously untreated patients. Prevalence of genetic alterations/mutations was examined. Multivariate Cox regression was used to evaluate the prognostic effect of individual genomic alterations. Of 465 genes analyzed, 59 were identified with mutations occurring in at least 10 of 499 patients (≥2% prevalence); 334 additional genes had mutations occurring in ≥1 patient. Single nucleotide variants were the most common mutation type. On multivariate analysis, BCL2 alterations were most strongly associated with shorter progression-free survival (multivariate hazard ratio: 2.6; 95% confidence interval: 1.6 to 4.2). BCL2 alterations were detected in 102 of 499 patients; 92 had BCL2 translocations, 90% of whom had germinal center B-cell-like diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. BCL2 alterations were also significantly correlated with BCL2 gene and protein expression levels. Validation of published mutational subsets revealed consistent patterns of co-occurrence, but no consistent prognostic differences between subsets. Our data confirm the molecular heterogeneity of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, with potential treatment targets occurring in distinct cell-of-origin subtypes. clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01287741.
Dietary intake of heme iron is associated with ferritin and hemoglobin levels in Dutch blood donors: results from Donor InSight
Authors: Tiffany C. Timmer  , Rosa de Groot  , Judith J.M. Rijnhart  , Jeroen Lakerveld  , Johannes Brug  , Corine W.M. Perenboom  , A. Mireille Baart  , Femmeke J. Prinsze  , Saurabh Zalpuri  , C. Ellen van der Schoot  , Wim L.A.M. de Kort  , Katja van den Hurk
Published: November 2019

Whole blood donors, especially frequently donating donors, have a risk of iron deficiency and low hemoglobin levels, which may affect their health and eligibility to donate. Lifestyle behaviors, such as dietary iron intake and physical activity, may influence iron stores and thereby hemoglobin levels. We aimed to investigate whether dietary iron intake and questionnaire-based moderate-to-vigorous physical activity were associated with hemoglobin levels, and whether ferritin levels mediated these associations. In Donor InSight-III, a Dutch cohort study of blood and plasma donors, data on heme and non-heme iron intake (mg/day), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (10 minutes/day), hemoglobin levels (mmol/L) and ferritin levels (μg/L) were available in 2,323 donors (1,074 male). Donors with higher heme iron intakes (regression coefficients (β) in men and women: 0.160 and 0.065 mmol/L higher hemoglobin per 1 mg of heme iron, respectively) and lower non-heme iron intakes (β: -0.014 and -0.017, respectively) had higher hemoglobin levels, adjusted for relevant confounders. Ferritin levels mediated these associations (indirect effect (95% confidence interval) in men and women respectively: 0.074 (0.045; 0.111) and 0.061 (0.030; 0.096) for heme and -0.003 (-0.008;0.001) and -0.008 (-0.013;-0.003) for non-heme). Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was negatively associated with hemoglobin levels in men only (β: -0.005), but not mediated by ferritin levels. In conclusion, higher heme and lower non-heme iron intake were associated with higher hemoglobin levels in donors, via higher ferritin levels. This indicates that donors with high heme iron intake may be more capable of maintaining iron stores to recover hemoglobin levels after blood donation.
Legislative maintenance of the education system of adult population in the UK
Authors: Oros Ildiko
Published: November 2019

The issue of improving the country’s competitiveness and the development of adult education for a long time, from the middle of the nineteenth century, have always been in the sight of the British authorities, were determined by the legislative and regulatory framework. It is believed that the beginning of adult education at the state level laid the law «On Education» in 1902, the Law «On Education» in 1944 regulated the education of
adults.
In connection with the improvement of production in the first half of the twentieth century, a number of policy materials are issued, according to which workers’ organizations, industrial councils are created, correspondence education is developing, courses of humanitarian education are organized. In the 70–80 years of the twentieth century, much attention is being drawn to the development Яof vocational education of adults in connection with a significant increase in the level of NTP. At the end of the twentieth century, a number of laws were issued, which served as the basis for a modern model of adult education: the structure of adult education management is
changing, the policy of combining equal opportunities for all with market-oriented approaches to education, accreditation of most adult education programs, management of standardization of education. The relevant documents are issued in the country (the most well-known are «green» and «white» documents), which indicate the
need for consultations on adult education, and the clarification of the issues of adult education development indicated in the policy materials.
In the nineteenth century, the development of adult education was intensively taking place, policy materials were issued that promoted the education of adults, because its progress was necessary for the growing economy of the country.
AIR QUALITY AND CHILDREN’S HEALTH: THE ROLE OF INCREASING TRANSPORT-RELATED AND THERMAL AIR POLLUTION
Authors: Chanchaeva E. A. , Gvozdareva O. V. , Gvozdarev A. Yu.
Published: November 2019

We performed a literature review on the associations between quality with special emphasis on increasing transport and thermal air pollution. Motor vehicles and coal boilers are the main anthropogenic sources of emissions of pollutants into the air. Attempts to reduce their content in the air currently do not bring the desired result, the exhaust of internal combustion engines and combustion products of solid fuel remain the main polluting factors. Air quality in residential areas is influenced by climatic and natural peculiarities of the regions (weather, terrain, etc.). Respiratory diseases, including acute respiratory infections and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer are significantly associated with air pollution in adults. A child's body is highly sensitive to the environmental factors which allows us to consider children's health as an indicator of the state of the environmental pooluiton. The deterioration of the ecological state of the air environment in Gorno-Altaisk (Altay region of Russia) is associated with increasing transport load, solid fuel stationary sources, and transport of pollutants from neighboring regions. Air pollution in the region needs to be monitored and addressed. This requires zoning of residential areas according to the degree of air pollution and analysis of the health of children as the most vulnerable part of the population, taking into account the environmental situation.
PSYCHOSOMATIC DIATHESIS AS AN ANTICIPATION OF A “MENTAL CODE” OF FATE
Authors: Sidorov P. I.
Published: November 2019

The rapid growth of the mental epidemic of psychosomatic disorders in the modern world with constituting from 20 to 60 % of medical conditions warrants further search for new approaches to etiopathogenesis, its course, treatment and prevention. A new synergetic biopsychosocial spiritual methodology of mental medicine (MM) can significantly expand the multidisciplinary capabilities of prenosological screening and forecasting, individualization of routes and assistance programs. The concept of mental immunity (MI) as a matrix of identity and interface of consciousness is grounded. For a generalized characteristic of the continuum of qualitative mental states modulated by MI functions, the term "menom" is proposed. «Epimenom» accumulates acquired peculiarities of MI. Functional pleiotropy of MI is described. Systematic disorders of MI functions as a "mental code" of consciousness and identity, which make up the clinical phenomenology of nonspecific mental immunodeficiency syndrome (SMID) in psychosomatic diathesis, are systematized. The priority task of primary prevention of diathesis is to increase the resources of MI and the registers of mental resilience of the psychosomatogenic family. An emergent rule of the "four keys" of sanogenetic therapy is proposed.
Reduction of Lung Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis by the PDE4 Inhibitor Roflumilast in Experimental Model of Acute Lung Injury
Authors: KOSUTOVA P. , MIKOLKA P. , KOLOMAZNIK M. , BALENTOVA S. , ADAMKOV M. , CALKOVSKA A. , MOKRA D.
Published: November 2019

Damage of alveolar-capillary barrier, inflammation, oxidative injury, and lung cell apoptosis represent the key features of acute lung injury (ALI). This study evaluated if selective phosphodiesterase (PDE)-4 inhibitor roflumilast can reduce the mentioned changes in lavage-induced model of ALI. Rabbits with ALI were divided into 2 groups: ALI without therapy (A group) and ALI treated with roflumilast i.v. (1 mg/kg; A+R group). One group of healthy animals without ALI served as ventilated controls (C group). All animals were oxygen-ventilated for further 4 h. At the end of experiment, total and differential counts of cells in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and total and differential counts of white blood cells were estimated. Lung edema formation was assessed from determination of protein content in BALF. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-6 and IL-8) and markers of oxidation (3-nitrotyrosine, thiobarbituric-acid reactive substances) were detected in the lung tissue and plasma. Apoptosis of lung cells was investigated immunohistochemically. Treatment with roflumilast reduced leak of cells, particularly of neutrophils, into the lung, decreased concentrations of cytokines and oxidative products in the lung and plasma, and reduced lung cell apoptosis and edema formation. Concluding, PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast showed potent anti-inflammatory actions in this model of ALI.
Cardiac Sigma Receptors – An Update
Authors: STRACINA T. , NOVAKOVA M.
Published: November 2019

More than four decades passed since sigma receptors were first mentioned. Since then, existence of at least two receptor subtypes and their tissue distributions have been proposed. Nowadays, it is clear, that sigma receptors are unique ubiquitous proteins with pluripotent function, which can interact with so many different classes of proteins. As the endoplasmic resident proteins, they work as molecular chaperones – accompany various proteins during their folding, ensure trafficking of the maturated proteins between cellular organelles and regulate their functions. In the heart, sigma receptor type 1 is more dominant. Cardiac sigma 1 receptors regulate response to endoplasmic reticulum stress, modulates calcium signaling in cardiomyocyte and can affect function of voltage-gated ion channels. They contributed in pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure and many other cardiovascular disorders. Therefore, sigma receptors are potential novel targets for specific treatment of cardiovascular diseases.
STUDI PERENCANAAN PROTOTIPE SISTEM OTOMASI METERING GARDU INDUK MENGGUNAKAN KONSEP HUMAN MACHINE INTERFACE
Authors: Eryk Irwan Heryanto , Nurhadi Slamet
Published: November 2019

This research is studying the automation of substation monitoring system especially in metering equipment. It was aimed to plan and implemented the substation design that monitored with SIMATIC WinCC program. The equipments are PLC, PM-710, SIMATIC WinCC, Movicon, relay, MCB, CT and Transformers. It used 3 phase power supply connected to several load of Resistor (R),Inductor (L), and Capacitor (C). PM-710 was used to measure the outgoing load datas that connected and saved to Personal Computer (PC). The experiment were using the varied load. Base on the module, the power substation simulated with WinCC and the reading metering datas such as real power, apparent power and power factor also frequency by MOVICON that displayed in the PC monitor.
ANALISIS PENGARUH JARAK BENDA TERHADAP INTENSITAS SOROTAN LAMPU KEPALA PADA SISTEM AUTO LEVELING HEADLIGHTS
Authors: Esculenta Mira , Febri Valentin Eri
Published: November 2019

Fitur penerangan pada kendaraan sangat berperan penting demi menjagakewaspadaan pengendara. Bagian dari fitur penerangan pada kendaraanadalah lampu kepala. Lampu kepala yang ditempatkan di bagian depankendaraan. Pada umumnya lampu kepala dilengkapi lampu jarak jauhdan dekat saja. Saat ini lampu kepala ketika menerangi jalan, intensitassorotan lampu belum optimal. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari ketika lampumenyoroti kendaraan ataupun benda didepannya, intensitas sorotanlampu tidak secara otomatis dapat mengatur intensitasnya. Ini dapatmengakibatkan tingkat kewaspadaan pengendara terhadap objek didepankendaraan menurun.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatur intensitas sorotan lampu secaraotomatis berdasarkan jarak benda depan kendaraan. Sehingga, parapengendara tidak terganggu karena sorotan lampu yang dapatmenyilaukan mata. Lampu yang digunakan adalah lampu LEDproyektor. Untuk mengatur intensitas lampu LED proyektor, alat yangakan dibuat berupa sistem auto leveling headlight.Metode yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental. Untukmengetahui analisis kemampuan intensitas sorotan lampu, variabelbebas yang digunakan adalah variasi jarak objek didepan kendaraan.Jarak yang diatur dan dideteksi oleh sensor maxsonar MB1220yaitusatu, dua, tiga, empat, lima, enam, dan tujuh meter, dan data diolahmenggunakan metode regresi linier untuk mengambil kesimpulan.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pada saat sensor maxsonarMB1220 mendeteksi jarak satu sampai tiga meter nilai intensitasnyaadalah sebesar 27000 lux sampai 57526 lux, dan pada saat jarak yangterdeteksi oleh sensor sejauh empat sampai tujuh meter, data nilaiintensitas sorotan lampu yang didapatkan adalah sebesar ±65000 lux.
PENERAPAN SISTEM KONTROL PENERANGAN NIRKABEL UNTUK PENGATURAN DAN PENGHEMATAN LAMPU PADA APLIKASI SMART HOME
Authors: Rohman Fatkhur , Nurhadi Nurhadi , Gumono Gumono , Purwanto Raden Edy , Suryani Dhebys
Published: November 2019

Konsumsi energi listrik khususnya oleh pelanggan di Indonesia semakin tahun mengalami peningkatan. Sebagai solusi yang ditawarkan untuk masalah ini, kami telah menerapkan sistem pengontrolan ON/OFF, intensitas dan durasi lampu penerangan untuk diaplikasikan menyerupai sistem Smart Home secara otomatis. Sistem SCADA sederhana telah dibuat untuk mengendalikan beban lampu dan memonitoring konsumsi daya yang digunakan di rumah tangga, dengan demikian penghematan pemakaian daya listrik dapat dilakukan dengan lebih maksimal.Pengurangan konsumsi energi paling besar didapatkan dari penjadwalan ON/OFF lampu penerangan, pengaturan otomatis intensitas lampu dari umpan balik sensor cahaya dan pengaturan durasi penyalaan lampu sesuai dengan penggunaan jenis beban yang dikehendaki. Pada percobaan penerapan 1 LED lampu teras rumah, telah dibuktikan penghematan daya listrik sebesar ±90%.

 

Electricity consumption by customers in Indonesia. As a solution given to this problem, we have delivered an ON / OFF control system, and the duration of lighting to be applied like a Smart Home system automatically. Simple SCADA Systen had builded to control various lamp as loads then monitor the power consumtion during daily activity, so that the maximum energy consumtion can be reduced. The greatest reduction in energy energy from the scheduling of ON / OFF lighting, lighting settings from sensor feedback and lighting according to the use of the desired load. The series of this research is an energy system that uses a simple SCADA system using this tool. In the trial of the application of 1 LED porch home, it has been proven that the electric power is ± 90%
PEMETAAN LOKASI BENCANA MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS SEBAGAI UPAYA UNTUK MEMBANTU PROSES MITIGASI BENCANA
Authors: Dianta Ashafidz Fauzan , Cinderatama Toga Aldila , Prasetyo Junaedi Adi
Published: November 2019

Dalam sebuah bencana, mitigasi merupakan salah satu langkah penting untuk memberikan bantuan kepada para korban bencana dan mengurangi dampak. Keakuratan distribusi bantuan akan membantu korban dalam proses pemulihan yang cepat dari kejadian bencana. Informasi yang valid tentang lokasi bencana akan memudahkan instansi terkait untuk membuat keputusan dalam mitigasi bencana. Dalam penelitian ini pemetaan titik lokasi bencana dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan teknologi sistem informasi geografis. Output dari penelitian ini adalah aplikasi mobile sebagai media untuk mencatat lokasi titik-titik kejadian bencana dan dikombinasikan dengan sistem informasi geografis (GIS) berbasis web untuk merekam lokasi bencana dan data korban. Diharapkan output dari penelitian ini dapat digunakan instansi terkait seperti Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) untuk mencatat titik-titik lokasi bencana secara akurat sehingga dapat mempercepat keputusan mitigasi bencana dan penyaluran bantuan.

 

In a disaster, mitigation is one important step to provide assistance to disaster victims and reduce impacts. The accuracy of the distribution of aid will help victims in the process of rapid recovery from disasters. Valid information about the location of the disaster will make it easier for relevant agencies to make decisions in disaster mitigation. In this study mapping the location of the disaster was carried out by utilizing geographic information system technology. The output of this study is a mobile application as a medium for recording the location of disaster event points and combined with a web-based geographic information system (GIS) to record disaster locations and victim data. It is expected that the output of this research can be used by relevant agencies such as the Regional Disaster Management Agency (BPBD) to accurately record disaster location points so that they can speed up disaster mitigation and aid distribution decisions.
IMPLEMENTASI DAN ANALISIS KENDALI KECEPATAN PADA MOTOR BLDC 1 KW TANPA BEBAN MENGGUNAKAN ALGORITMA PID
Authors: Rohman Fatkhur , Nur Huda Muhammad Arif
Published: November 2019

Saat ini motor Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) banyak diaplikasikan di berbagai bidang dikarenakan memiliki keunggulan dibandingkan motor Direct Current (DC). Namun, untuk menghasilkan respon kecepatan yang diharapkan, motor BLDC tersebut membutuhkan suatu pengendalian. Salah satu pengendali kecepatan adalah menggunakan algoritma Proporsional, Integral, dan Derivatif (PID). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang kendali kecepatan  PID pada motor BLDC 1 kW berbasis arduino uno menggunakan Matlab Simulink, dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi nilai parameter Kp, Ki, Kd terhadap respon kecepatan motor BLDC 1 kW. Selain itu, untuk menghasilkan respon kecepatan motor dengan rise time yang cepat, overshoot yang kecil dan error steady state yang rendah. Metode Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara memvariasikan nilai parameter PID menggunakan blok diagram Matlab Simulink yang dieksekusi oleh Arduino Uno. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi nilai parameter PID mempengaruhi respon kecepatan motor BLDC 1 kW. Dengan cara trial & error didapatkan nilai parameter PID terbaik dengan nilai Kp=1,5; Ki=10,5; dan Kd=0,04.

 

Currently Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motor is widely applied in various fields because it has advantages over Direct Current (DC) motor. However, to produce the expected speed response, the BLDC motor requires a control. One of the speed controllers is using Proportional, Integral and Derivative (PID) algorithm. The purpose of the study was to design the PID speed control on the BLDC motor based on arduino uno in Matlab Simulink, and to know the effect of variations in the parameter values Kp, Ki, Kd to the speed response of BLDC 1 kW motor. In addition, to produce motor speed response with a fast rise time, a small overshoot and a low steady state error. The method of data retrieval is done by varying the value of the PID parameter using the block diagram Matlab Simulink executed by Arduino Uno. The results showed that variations in the value of the PID parameter affected the speed response of the BLDC 1 kW motor. By trial & error, the best PID parameter values are obtained with the value Kp = 1.5; Ki = 10.5; and Kd = 0.04.
SISTEM CERDAS PEMANTAU HEWAN TERNAK PADA ALAM BEBAS BERBASIS INTERNET OF THINGS (IOT)
Authors: Wibowo Galih Hendra , Ayatullah Mohamad Dimyati , Prasetyo Junaedi Adi
Published: November 2019

One of the common problems experienced by animal farmers is heat stress or cold stress caused by changes in the environment. This resulted in a decrease in the productivity of livestock, cattle. Early monitoring needs to be done to avoid problems through monitoring tools for temperature, heart rate, and internet-based location of things (IoT). The monitor receives the value through the paired sensor and is sent to the web server. Users or breeders get information about the condition of farm animals and observe changes in value through graphs through the android application. The system built is able to receive values in a short interval time (10 seconds) so that the value obtained is the most recent value. Based on observations on the graph, the user can identify drastic changes, both decreases or increases, in the temperature and heart rate of the animal's condition and take precautions as early as possible.
RETRACTED: Modeling Brain Somatic Mosaicism With Cerebral Organoids, Including a Note on Mutant Microglia
Authors: Verheijen Bert M.
Published: November 2019

The brain is a genomic mosaic. Cell-to-cell genomic differences, which are the result of somatic mutations during development and aging, contribute to cellular diversity in the nervous system. This genomic diversity has important implications for nervous system development, function, and disease. Brain somatic mosaicism might contribute to individualized behavioral phenotypes and has been associated with several neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, understanding the causes and consequences of somatic mosaicism in neural circuits is of great interest. Recent advances in 3D cell culture technology have provided new means to study human organ development and various human pathologies in vitro. Cerebral organoids (“mini-brains”) are pluripotent stem cell-derived 3D culture systems that recapitulate, to some extent, the developmental processes and organization of the developing human brain. Here, I discuss the application of these neural organoids for modeling brain somatic mosaicism in a lab dish. Special emphasis is given to the potential role of microglial mutations in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.
Applied Research in Low-Income Countries: Why and How?
Authors: Acharya Krishna Prasad , Pathak Santosh
Published: November 2019

Research and development (R&D) offer promising clues to address a wide range of socioeconomic problems through the development of new products and services or often by improving the existing ones. High-income countries (HICs) have realized the worth of R&D and invested tremendously in that sector; however, resource-poor low-income countries (LICs) are still far behind in realizing the potential benefit that R&D could offer for economic growth and national development. Even if some LICs have a positive outlook towards the R&D sector, the trend of emulating works from HICs to solve local or regional issues have most often yielded counterproductive results. LICs are suggested primarily to focus on applied research by incorporating their socioeconomic and cultural aspects to solve their everyday problems whose investigation is often ignored in research-intensive nations. Moreover, applied research in LICs offers the potential to provide low-cost and innovative solutions to local and regional problems with global implications.
Genetic Diversity of Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) Germplasms Collected Worldwide Using Chloroplast SSR Markers
Authors: Lee Kyung Jun , Lee Gi-An , Lee Jung-Ro , Sebastin Raveendar , Shin Myoung-Jae , Cho Gyu-Taek , Hyun Do Yoon
Published: November 2019

Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L. Lam) is an important food crop widely cultivated in the world. In this study, nine chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity and relationships of 558 sweet potato accessions in the germplasm collection of the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC). Eight of the nine cpSSR showed polymorphisms, while Ibcp31 did not. The number of alleles per locus ranged from two to four. In general, the Shannon index for each cpSSR ranged from 0.280 to 1.123 and the diversity indices and unbiased diversity ranged from 0.148 to 0.626, and 0.210 to 0.627, respectively. Results of the median-joining network showed 33 chlorotypes in 558 sweet potato accessions. In factor analysis, 558 sweet potato accessions were divided into four clusters, with clusters I and II composed only of the sweet potato accessions from Korea, Japan, Taiwan, and the USA. The results of this study confirmed that the genetic diversity of the female parents of sweet potato accessions conserved at the NAC is low and therefore more sweet potato accessions need to be collected. These results will help to establish an efficient management plan for sweet potato genetic germplasms at the NAC.
Effective Plant Ages for Screening for Field Resistance to Alternaria Leaf Spot (Caused by Alternaria spp.) under Natural Infection in Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.)
Authors: Viriyasuthee Wanalai , Saepaisan Suwita , Saksirirat Weerasak , Gleason Mark L. , Chen Ruey Shyang , Jogloy Sanun
Published: November 2019

Host plant resistance has proven to be effective for controlling Alternaria leaf spot on Jerusalem artichoke (JA), but efficient screening techniques have not been developed yet. The objective of this study is to estimate the relationship between disease resistance parameters of JA as a function of plant age. Six JA varieties and three plant ages at the time of inoculation (20, 40 and 60 days after transplanting) (DAT) are evaluated in a factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications. Disease incidence (DI) and severity (DS) are estimated, from which area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Disease parameters are positively and significantly correlated for plant ages of 40 and 60 DAT. Based on our results, screening of JA at 40 DAT for resistance to Alternaria leaf spot is recommended. Knowledge of the impact of plant age on resistance to key diseases can help breeders to accelerate breeding programs so superior genotypes can be identified before reproductive growth stages.
Public Attitudes towards Cow Welfare and Cow Shelters (Gaushalas) in India
Authors: Sharma Arvind , Schuetze Catherine , Phillips Clive J. C.
Published: November 2019

Public attitudes towards cows and cow shelters in India need to be assessed in the contemporary context, as India is facing an overpopulation of street cows, leading to traffic hazards, public health issues, and pollution. We investigated the attitudes of the general public in India towards cow welfare in general and cow shelters (gaushalas) in particular. Eight hundred and twenty-five members of the public, residing in the vicinity of 54 cow shelters, were interviewed for this purpose. Their perception of animal welfare centred on animal care, cows as goddesses and mothers, and doing things properly. More than half visited a shelter daily for religious reasons. Most believed that cow shelters were the best way to manage the stray cow population and felt a community responsibility towards all breeds of cows for animal welfare reasons. Space availability for the cows was the key welfare issue voiced. Older people were more likely to identify animal welfare and culture as the main reason for sheltering cows. Better educated, wealthier, and more religious people visited the shelters most, rating religion and breeding higher as the shelter’s main purpose. Males favoured indigenous cow breeds more than females. Village respondents were more likely to consider the facilities adequate compared with country town and urban respondents. In contrast to married respondents, single people were more likely to say that they visited for leisure rather than for religious purposes. The survey indicated that the Indian community was generally supportive of cow sheltering and that visits to the shelters helped them to know that unwanted cattle were being well cared for.
The Development of a Hoof Conformation Assessment for Use in Dairy Goats
Authors: Deeming Laura E. , Beausoleil Ngaio J. , Stafford Kevin J. , Webster James R. , Staincliffe Maryann , Zobel Gosia
Published: November 2019

The assessment of hoof conformation is important due to its recognized relationship with the biomechanical functionality of the hoof. Hoof conformation can be assessed using objective measures or subjective scores. However, to date, there are limited data using either method in dairy goats. Therefore, the aims were to (1) develop a reliable method of assessing hoof conformation in dairy goats, and (2) compare two aspects of a subjective assessment against corresponding objective measures as a means of validation. A total of 1035 goats contributed photographs across 16 commercial dairy goat farms. Photographs were taken of the left front and left hind hoof in the lateral and dorsal aspect at five assessments across the goats′ first two lactations. Hoof conformation was assessed using five subjective scores (toe length, heel shape, fetlock shape, claw splay, and claw shape) and two objective measures (toe length ratio and claw splay distance). Following the training of two observers, high levels of inter and intra-reliability were achieved for both the subjective scores (>0.8 weighted kappa) and objective measures (>0.8 Lin′s concordance correlation coefficient). Two aspects of the subjectively assessed ordinal scores were compared with the objective measures with high levels of accuracy (>0.8). This suggests that the subjective scores may be a suitable alternative to more time-consuming objective measures when assessment is completed using photographs.
The Role of the Three Rs in Improving the Planning and Reproducibility of Animal Experiments
Authors: Smith Adrian J. , Lilley Elliot
Published: November 2019

Training in the design of animal experiments focuses all too often on those aspects which can be approached mathematically, such as the number of animals needed to deliver a robust result, allocation of group size, and techniques such as randomization, blocking and statistical analysis. Important as they are, these are only a small part of the process of planning animal experiments. Additional key elements include refinements of housing, husbandry and procedures, health and safety, and attention at all stages to animal welfare. Advances in technology and laboratory animal science have led to improvements in care and husbandry, better provision of anesthetics and analgesics, refined methods of drug administration, greater competence in welfare assessment and application of humane endpoints. These improvements require continual dialogue between scientists, facility managers and technical staff, a practice that is a key feature of what has become known as the culture of care. This embodies a commitment to improving animal welfare, scientific quality, staff care and transparency for all stakeholders. Attention to both the physical and mental health of all those directly or indirectly involved in animal research is now an important part of the process of planning and conducting animal experiments. Efforts during the last 30 years to increase the internal and external validity of animal experiments have tended to concentrate on the production of guidelines to improve the quality of reporting animal experiments, rather than for planning them. Recently, comprehensive guidelines for planning animal studies have been published, to redress this imbalance. These will be described in this paper. Endorsement of this overarching influence of the Three R concept, by all the stakeholders, will not only reduce animal numbers and improve animal welfare, but also lead to more reliable and reproducible research which should improve translation of pre-clinical studies into tangible clinical benefit.
Investigations into the Structure/Antibacterial Activity Relationships of Cyclam and Cyclen Derivatives
Authors: Alves Luis G. , Portel João F. , Sousa Sílvia A. , Ferreira Olga , Almada Stephanie , Silva Elisabete R. , Martins Ana M. , Leitão Jorge H.
Published: November 2019

A series of cyclam- and cyclen-derived salts are described in the present work; they were designed specifically to gain insights into their structure and antibacterial activity towards Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, used respectively, as Gram-positive and Gram-negative model organisms. The newly synthesized compounds are monosubstituted and trans-disubstituted tetraazamacrocycles that display benzyl, methylbenzyl, trifluoromethylbenzyl, or trifluoroethylbenzyl substituents appended on the nitrogen atoms of the macrocyclic ring. The results obtained show that the chemical nature, polarity, and substitution patterns of the benzyl groups, as well as the number of pendant arms, are critical parameters for the antibacterial activity of the cyclam-based salts. The most active compounds against both bacterial strains were the trans-disubstituted cyclam salts displaying CF3 groups in the para-position of the aromatic rings of the macrocyclic pendant arms. The analogous cyclen species presents a lower activity, revealing that the size of the macrocyclic backbone is an important requirement for the antibacterial activity of the tetraazamacrocycles. The nature of the anionic counterparts present on the salts was found to play a minor role in the antibacterial activity.