bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Built to Scale
Authors: Walske Jennifer M. , Tyson Laura D.
Published: November 2015

A persistent, nagging question among social entrepreneurs and those who research social entrepreneurs is why some social enterprises scale while others do not. Of late, much credit has been given to design innovation, design thinking, fast pivots and the Business Model Canvas. But what if we are placing too much emphasis on design innovation and pivoting, and missing other key important factors that help social enterprises scale quickly? While innovation is clearly important, and arguably a necessary baseline, the authors' interviews with successful social entrepreneurs have pointed more to the importance of sourcing financial capital, building out their supply chain – both in production and distribution – and obtaining early media recognition. These three factors created a virtuous cycle, allowing these firms to increase their revenues, employees and impact substantially each year during their first four years after founding.
Buccal mucosa graft urethroplasty in a case of urethral amyloidosis presenting with long anterior urethral stricture
Authors: Kurbatov Dmitry , Dubskiy Sergey , Lepetukhin Alex , Stojanovic Borko , Djordjevic Miroslav L.
Published: November 2015

Urethral amyloidosis is a rare condition, but clinically relevant because it can mimic urothelial carcinoma. We report a case of localized urethral amyloidosis presenting with a long anterior urethral stricture. We used extensive grafts of buccal mucosa for standard augmentation urethroplasty, with a successful outcome at the 2-year follow-up.
Experiences and outcomes of organ-sparing surgery for testicular tumour with benign tendency
Authors: Liu Bianjiang , Su Huang , Cheng Gong , Li Pengchao , Hua Lixin , Song Ninghong , Wang Zengjun , Gu Min
Published: November 2015

Introduction: We retrospectively investigated and summarized our experiences and the outcomes of organ-sparing surgery (OSS) for testicular tumour with benign tendency.Methods: From April 2000 to March 2012, 11 selected patients with testicular tumour underwent OSS. Preoperative and postoperative organ functional and oncologic indexes were analyzed and compared.Results: All operations were completed without conversion to radical orchiectomy. Intraoperative frozen section and routine postoperative pathology showed tumours with benign tendency. The normal appearance of the scrotum and functional integrity of the testis were preserved. Preoperative and postoperative serum sex hormone levels, international index of erectile function (IIEF-5) scores, and semen quality were not significantly different. Tumour recurrence or metastasis did not occur during follow-up.Conclusions: Our results showed the feasibility and safety of OSS to treat testicular tumour with benign tendency. With careful selection and rigorous follow-up, some testis tumor can be treated with OSS to maximally maintain normal appearance and function of the testis. The retrospective single-centre study and small sample size are main limitations. More evidence is needed to establish the large-scale application of OSS.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Self Care Practices Amongsts Patients WithType 2 Diabetes in Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Umer , Seriwala Haseeb Munaf , Danish Syed Hasan , Khan Ali Mahmood , Hussain Marya , Husain Misha , Ahmed Muhammad Mustafa , Anis Khurram
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: In this age, diabetes is one of the most prevalent, incurable diseases present. The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitude and self-care practicesrelated to diabetes in an urban population in Pakistan.

METHODS: A cross sectional survey to assess the knowledge and practices of people with diabetes was conducted in general urbanpopulace. People with diabetes were interviewed using a structured questionnaire from which data was collected. A total of 139 diabetics were included into the study. Basic knowledge about diabetes and its complications were assessed as well as the frequency of practices such as keeping a blood glucometer at home and checking blood sugar with it.

RESULTS: A total of n=139 participants fulfilling the inclusion criteria were recruited in the survey. Only 18.7% had knowledge regarding the complications of diabetes mellitus. Only 8.6% of participants checked their blood glucose levels at homeregularly, and only 4.3% visited their physiciansregularlyfor check-ups. With regard to practices, a minority attested to have changed their lifestyle and commit to basic practices in order to reduce diabetes related complications with women being more prone to changes than men.

CONCLUSION: The results show that most participants had a negative attitude and very little knowledge regarding diabetes.There is a need for increased diabetes related education and for developing positive attitudes towards reduction of diabetes related complications. The Pakistani population is seen to be almost completely unprepared to fight against an increase in type 2 diabetes prevalence.
The Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Patients With Active Rheumatoid Arthritis Receiving DMARDs Therapy: Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rajaei Elham , Mowla Karim , Ghorbani Ali , Bahadoram Sara , Bahadoram Mohammad , Dargahi-Malamir Mehrdad
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Rheumatoid arthritis is a symmetric peripheral polyarthritis of unknown etiology that, untreated or if unresponsive the therapy, typically leads to deformity and destruction of joints due to erosion of cartilage and bone. Omega-3 fatty acids have been shown to reduce morning stiffness, the number of tender joints and swollen joints in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This study is designed for evaluation of omega-3 effects on disease activity and remission of rheumatoid arthritis in DMARDs treated patients and on weight changes and reduction of analgesic drugs consumption versus placebo.

METHODS: Sixty patients with active rheumatoid arthritis (49 female and 11 male) underwent rheumatologist examination and disease activity score were calculated. Then patients were enrolled in this 12 week, double blind, randomized, placebo- controlled study. The patients in both groups continued their pre study standard treatment. The patients were visited every 4 weeks, 4 times and data were recorded.

RESULTS: Significant improvement in the patient's global evaluation and in the physician's assessment of disease was observed in those taking omega-3. The proportions of patients who improved and of those who were able to reduce their concomitant analgesic medication were significantly greater with omega-3 consumption. There were no weight changes.

CONCLUSION: Daily supplementation with omega-3 results has significant clinical benefit and may reduce the need for concomitant analgesic consumption without weight changes.
Risk Factors for Relapse of Human Brucellosis
Authors: Hasanjani Roushan Mohammad Reza , Moulana Zahra , Mohseni Afshar Zeinab , Ebrahimpour Soheil
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND & PROPOSE: Brucellosis is serious disease around the world, especially in underdeveloped countries. It’s clinical manifestations is extensive. Thus diagnosis and treatment of this infection have difficulties, in among them, relapse is a great problem. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors of relapse after treatment in patients.

METHODS: It is a descriptive-analytic study from 1990 to 2014, in Ayatolla Rohani hospital in Babol, Iran. We studied 980 patients with brucellosis. The studied community included patients infected with brucellosis and the required information was gathered based on their hospital files. The base for recognizing Malta fever were clinical symptoms and Para-clinical sign congruent with infection like as, titer SAT>1:320 and 2-ME>1:160. Patients with relapse and patients without relapse were placed separately in two groups. The data were statistically compared with Spss 16, by Chi-square and Cox –regression tests.

RESULTS: Based on this study, treatment regimen is a preventive factor (P=0.000). Moreover, Based on some statistical methods, regimens no. 3 and 4 were introduce preventive factors (P=0.001) and (P=0.004). It should also be noted that findings the same statistical model, factors like gender, age, residence, professional contacts, complications and delay in treatment were also analyzed but none of them are considered as preventive factors.

CONCLUSION: Since the main and exact reason for Malta fever’ relapse is not recognized yet, anticipation of relapse is beneficent for treatment of infection.
Blood Samples of Peripheral Venous Catheter or The Usual Way: Do Infusion Fluid Alters the Biochemical Test Results?
Authors: Taghizadeganzadeh Mahboobeh , Yazdankhahfard Mohammadreza , Farzaneh Mohammadreza , Mirzaei Kamran
Published: November 2015

BACKGROUND: Most blood tests require venous blood samples. Puncturing the vein also causes pain, infection, or damage to the blood, and lymph flow, or long-term healing. This study aimed to determine and compare the biochemical laboratory value of the blood samples that were provided through: peripheral vein infusion (PVI) receiving continuous intravenous fluid; and the usual method of blood sampling.

METHODS: This is an interventional, quasi-experimental, and controlled study. The selected study sample included 60 patients, who were hospitalized during 2014, in the Internal Medicine, part of Martyrs of Persian Gulf, teaching hospital at Bushehr. Three blood samples were taken from each patient that were provided through PVI line (5 ml blood collected at beginning of IVC and then another 5 cc), and another case was prepared by common blood sampling (control). All the samples were analyzed in terms of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine using SPSS Ver.19 software, by paired t-test and Pearson's correlation coefficients.

RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference between the amount of sodium and potassium in the first blood samples taken from the intravenous infusion line and vein puncture .However, no significant differences were found among the biochemical amount in the second blood samples taken from the intravenous infusion line and vein puncture. 

CONCLUSIONS: We can use blood samples taken from peripheral intravenous infusion lines after 5cc discarding from the first part of the sample for measuring the value of sodium, potassium, urea and creatinine.  
Next-Generation Sequencing of Matched Primary and Metastatic Rectal Adenocarcinomas Demonstrates Minimal Mutation Gain and Concordance to Colonic Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Crumley Suzanne M. , Pepper Kristi L. , Phan Alexandria T. , Olsen Randall J. , Schwartz Mary R. , Portier Bryce P.
Published: November 2015

Context.—Colorectal carcinoma is the third most common cause of cancer death in males and females in the United States. Rectal adenocarcinoma can have distinct therapeutic and surgical management from colonic adenocarcinoma owing to its location and anatomic considerations.

Objective.—To determine the oncologic driver mutations and better understand the molecular pathogenesis of rectal adenocarcinoma in relation to colon adenocarcinoma.

Design.—Next-generation sequencing was performed on 20 cases of primary rectal adenocarcinoma with a paired lymph node or solid organ metastasis by using an amplicon-based assay of more than 2800 Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC)–identified somatic mutations.

Results.—Next-generation sequencing data were obtained on both the primary tumor and metastasis from 16 patients. Most rectal adenocarcinoma cases demonstrated identical mutations in the primary tumor and metastasis (13 of 16, 81%). The mutations identified, listed in order of frequency, included TP53, KRAS, APC, FBXW7, GNAS, FGFR3, BRAF, NRAS, PIK3CA, and SMAD4.

Conclusions.—The somatic mutations identified in our rectal adenocarcinoma cohort showed a strong correlation to those previously characterized in colonic adenocarcinoma. In addition, most rectal adenocarcinomas harbored identical somatic mutations in both the primary tumor and metastasis. These findings demonstrate evidence that rectal adenocarcinoma follows a similar molecular pathogenesis as colonic adenocarcinoma and that sampling either the primary or metastatic lesion is valid for initial evaluation of somatic mutations and selection of possible targeted therapy.
Estudio de las Competencias Socio Emocionales y su Relación con el Afrontamiento en Futuros Profesores de Nivel Medio.
Authors: Cassullo Gabriela Livia , García Livia
Published: November 2015

Profundizar en el estudio de los aspectos psicosociales referidos a las competencias socioemocionales y considerar las relaciones existentes con el afrontamiento, en tanto recursos para afrontar la adversidad con éxito, es un desafío apasionante para la investigación con futuros docentes que deberán integrarse a contextos educativos y afrontar múltiples situaciones estresantes surgidas de la tarea misma. Los profesores se enfrentan a sucesos vitales estresantes que según la literatura se visualizan en la violencia, exclusión social, la conflictividad familiar y la incapacidad de la escuela para compensar las carencias y desigualdades, entre otros.Cuando se habla de inteligencia emocional  en el contexto educativo no se puede dejar de lado el importante papel del profesorado en este campo.

Este estudio se propone analizar las competencias socioemocionales instrumentadas por los futuros profesores del Instituto Superior del  Profesorado Superior J.V. González de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina, al afrontar estresores vitales específicos a la práctica docente.
Algunos indicadores de satisfacción para el apoyo de estudiantes con discapacidad en Educación Secundaria en Croacia
Authors: Stančić Zrinjka , Kiš-Glavaš Lelia , Nikolić Branko
Published: November 2015

El objetivo de este trabajo es determinar el nivel de satisfacción del apoyo que reciben estudiantes con discapacidad en las escuelas croatas de educación secundaria desde su propio punto de vista, y también desde la perspectiva de sus padres, directores, coordinadores profesionales, profesores de secundaria y profesores de formación profesional. La muestra se compone de 870 estudiantes con discapacidad, 90 padres, 17 directores, 41 coordinadores profesionales, 115 profesores y 61 profesores de formación profesional. Para la recogida de datos se utilizaron cuatro instrumentos de medición, construidos especialmente para la investigación que se presenta. Los resultados muestran diferencias significativas en las evaluaciones de satisfacción con el sistema de apoyo para los estudiantes con discapacidad en la educación secundaria. En este trabajo se describe la naturaleza de estas diferencias.
Promoviendo escuelas inclusivas: análisis de las percepciones y necesidades del profesorado desde una perspectiva organizativa, curricular y de desarrollo profesional
Authors: Torres Jose Antonio , Fernández Jose María
Published: November 2015

En el presente trabajo analizamos la percepción desde una perspectiva organizativa y curricular que tiene el profesorado de Educación Primaria de la provincia de Jaén, con respecto a la inclusión. Para dar respuesta al objetivo planteado adoptamos un diseño de investigación de tipo descriptivo, donde el enfoque de recolección y análisis de datos se ha definido como mixto, en el que se integran técnicas cualitativas (grupo de discusión) y cuantitativas (cuestionario). Para la validación del cuestionario, se utilizó la técnica de juicio de expertos, seleccionados mediante el procedimiento de “Coeficiente de competencia experta” o “Coeficiente K”. El análisis de la fiabilidad del cuestionario a través de la prueba de Cronbach fue de 0,853. El cuestionario ha sido respondido por 436 profesores y profesoras de Centros de Educación Primaria y se ha realizado 1 grupo de discusión con la presencia de 9 informantes claves. Entre las conclusiones se destaca que los cambios organizativos más importantes se han producido a nivel de agrupamiento de los alumnos, y a nivel curricular, en contraste con los objetivos planteados.
La educación inclusiva: análisis de las expectativas de los profesores rusos y aspectos importantes en la formación de los docentes
Authors: Butenk Andrey , Chistokhina Anna
Published: November 2015

El artículo presenta un programa de formación marco-conceptual sobre los conceptos básicos de la pedagogía inclusiva para el profesorado de educación primaria. Este programa de formación se desarrolla sobre los pilares de una práctica reflexiva que pone el foco en la actividad teniendo en cuenta el principio de normalización de la vida.
La función tutorial en Educación Infantil y Primaria: desempeño profesional del profesorado
Authors: Rodríguez Fernández Sonia , Romero Lozano Mario
Published: November 2015

La acción tutorial constituye un proceso, enmarcado dentro de la orientación educativa, que complementa a la acción docente. No tiene sentido entenderla como una serie de actuaciones independientes y puntales entre sí, sino como un conjunto de intenciones y actividades colectivas y coordinadas, que involucra a todos los miembros de la comunidad educativa: profesorado, alumnado y familias. Por este motivo, tan importante es conocer los posibles recursos para ponerla en marcha como la manera de programar y planificar su desarrollo. El propósito del estudio es conocer el grado de desarrollo de la acción tutorial del profesorado de Educación Infantil y Primaria. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 50 docentes tutores de diferentes centros de la provincia de Granada y se utilizó un cuestionario diseñado ad hoc. Una de las conclusiones que podemos extraer es que el profesorado-tutor participante ofrece más importancia a las tareas académicas que tienen lugar dentro del aula de entre aquellas que tienen relación con la acción tutorial. Las dificultades que normalmente encuentran los tutores y tutoras en la realización de su labor son la falta de tiempo para completar todas las actuaciones de carácter tutorial que se le exige.
La transición primaria – secundaria en los Institutos – Escuela en Catalunya
Authors: Martínez Muñoz Màrius , Pinya i Salomó Carmina
Published: November 2015

Se presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre los aspectos de orientación de los 17 Institutos – Escuela (I-E, centros públicos que acogen en una misma institución, educación infantil, primaria y secundaria) puestos en marcha en Catalunya a partir de la Ley de Educación de Catalunya (LEC, 2009) recuperando la innovación impulsada en la República. El estudio revisó los aspectos de orientación y transición entre etapas de dichos centros y contrastó dicho funcionamiento con el que tenían centros de primaria y secundaria, de características similares en el mismo territorio. Se utilizaron cuestionarios electrónicos respondidos por responsables de la orientación de las tres tipologías de centro (primara, secundaria, I–E), integrantes de sus AMPAs, tutores y miembros de sus equipos directivos. Se identificaron visiones distintas de las prácticas de orientación en función del tipo de centro, de la persona encuestada y de su rol. El estudio permitió identificar también 50 prácticas de referencia realizadas tanto en los I-E como en la perspectiva territorial en centros ordinarios. Los I-E suponen, a la luz del estudio, una alternativa eficaz, no sólo para la mejor articulación entre etapas sino también para luchar contra las desigualdades y las situaciones de vulnerabilidad.
Trayectorias de persistencia y abandono de estudiantes universitarios no convencionales: implicaciones para la orientación
Authors: Figuera Gazo Pilar , Torrado Fonseca Mercedes , Dorio Alcaraz Inmaculada , Freixa Niella Montserrat
Published: November 2015

Uno de los objetivos de la política universitaria a nivel nacional e internacional ha sido la diversificación de las vías de entrada a la universidad para favorecer el acceso más generalizado a la educación superior. Sin embargo, el establecimiento de políticas de acceso debe ir acompañado de medidas para garantizar la permanencia en el sistema. La orientación es uno de los instrumentos más significativos. El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación longitudinal sobre los procesos de transición y persistencia de una cohorte de estudiantes de ADE y Pedagogía de la Universidad de Barcelona que iniciaron los estudios en el año 2010. Los datos confirman que las situaciones de retraso académico, fracaso y abandono son significativamente superiores entre los estudiantes que accedieron a través de las vías no convencionales (específicamente aquellos procedentes de las vías CFGS, mayores de 25 años y 45 años). A partir de los resultados procedentes de las bases de datos institucionales y de los cuestionarios de seguimiento, se discute las implicaciones para el establecimiento de acciones de orientación y tutoría que contribuyan a la verdadera equidad del sistema.
Oficinas pedagógicas en red como estrategia de mejora de la formación del profesorado en Mozambique
Authors: Martinez Martin Irene , Cabello Martínez María Josefa
Published: November 2015

El desarrollo, asumido como empoderamiento de las poblaciones, se incluye como objetivo a alcanzar desde la educación, entendida como medio para mejorar la calidad de vida de las personas, transformando y promoviendo las capacidades de cada una de ellas en base a ese desarrollo.

Una formación del profesorado de calidad, mejora las iniciativas de promoción educativa y fomenta un desarrollo integral. Sustentado en este enfoque y atendiendo a diversos estudios realizados en Mozambique, en este artículo proponemos un plan de acción para fortalecer una red de Oficinas Pedagógicas, el cual aglutine y amplíe los recursos para la formación del profesorado.

Esta propuesta se encuadra en una investigación cualitativa enmarcada en diversos proyectos de cooperación interuniversitaria realizados en el país, en función de los cuales se han realizado diagnósticos educativos, detectado necesidades y elaborado propuestas de acción, entre las que cabe destacar la mejora de la formación del profesorado en pro de una educación de calidad, equitativa y justa.

La idea de una red de Oficinas Pedagógicas responde a los principios de formación del profesorado críticos y emancipadores, teniendo en cuenta las características contextuales, la acción comunitaria y la sostenibilidad como elementos sustentadores de la misma.
El desarrollo de las competencias transversales en segundo curso de los Grados de Educación Infantil y Primaria
Authors: Aristizabal Llorrente Pilar , Rodríguez Fernández Arantzazu , Rodríguez Miñambres Paloma , Fernández Zabala Arantza
Published: November 2015

Para dar respuesta al desarrollo de las competencias transversales desde los Grados de Educación de la Escuela de Magisterio de Vitoria-Gasteiz (EMVG) se han implementado trabajos interdisciplinares de módulo innovadores basados en metodologías activas. En este trabajo se presenta una experiencia de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas y Análisis de Caso relativa al 2º semestre del 2º curso. En total 171 estudiantes cumplimentaron el cuestionario de satisfacción con la nueva metodología. Los resultados indican que el alumnado está satisfecho con el trabajo interdisciplinar y que han conseguido desarrollar dichas competencias. No obastante, se perciben algunas áreas sobre las que incidir
La formación del profesorado para la enseñanza integrada de contenidos y lengua extranjera: perspectivas de un debate europeo actual.
Authors: Martín del Pozo María Ángeles
Published: November 2015

La educación bilingüe se ha implantado con mayor velocidad que la preparación de profesores cualificados. Se requieren urgentemente investigaciones y propuestas de formación. Este artículo analiza la atención prestada a los aspectos lingüísticos y a los metodológicos en siete estudios realizados en España que consideran las necesidades de formación. La discusión se corrobora con un breve estudio de caso. Los resultados indican que el debate respecto a las competencias y cualificaciones necesarias se está centrando en la dimensión lingüística sin considerar los aspectos pedagógicos. El artículo concluye con algunas sugerencias para promover entre el profesorado la atención a la dimensión metodológica.
Au travers de la représentation du témoignage
Authors: Pouliot Étienne
Published: November 2015

On convient aisément que tout témoignage peut renvoyer à une expérience, passée ou du moins présupposée, ou encore qu’il peut véhiculer en quelque sorte un message. Il ne se réduit pas pour autant à n’être qu’une fenêtre sur autre chose, voire sur lui-même. En vérité, parce qu’il est avant tout parole, le témoignage constitue toujours et se constitue précisément en un certain ratage de l’expérience là représentée, du message là livré, du vécu là offert. Un examen de certaines conditions épistémologiques de cet enjeu de la représentation au coeur du témoignage, en écho à la philosophie de Paul Ricoeur mais pour en signaler le point aveugle, permet d’élucider que cet enjeu y est second — ce qui ne signifie en rien : secondaire — par rapport à un enjeu herméneutique bien plus originaire, bien plus radical et fondamental que la représentation elle-même : celui de (l’acte de) la parole. Au travers du témoignage, une parole (s’)atteste autant qu’elle (s’)efface.
Peut-on témoigner tout en dormant ?
Authors: Nault François
Published: November 2015

Quand on évoque le sommeil des apôtres au jardin de Gethsémani, c’est généralement pour souligner la faiblesse des amis de Jésus, qui n’ont pas eu le courage de veiller avec lui, au moment où il en avait manifestement bien besoin. Mais le sommeil des apôtres ne pourrait-il pas être interprété plus positivement : comme un témoignage plutôt qu’une trahison ? Ainsi l’auteur de cet article cherche à montrer que le sommeil peut nous faire avancer dans la compréhension de ce que l’on appelle « témoignage ». En outre, il suggère que le sommeil en tant que tel peut constituer un témoignage chrétien, qu’il est même peut-être le plus beau témoignage que l’on puisse faire, dès lors justement qu’en dormant on ne fait rien.
Low-Resource Active Learning of North Sámi Morphological Segmentation
Authors: Grönroos Stig-Arne , Jokinen Kristiina , Hiovain Katri , Kurimo Mikko , Virpioja Sami
Published: November 2015

Many Uralic languages have a rich morphological structure, but lack tools of morphological analysis needed for efficient language processing. While creating a high-quality morphological analyzer requires a significant amount of expert labor, data-driven approaches may provide sufficient quality for many applications.We study how to create a statistical model for morphological segmentation of North Sámi language with a large unannotated corpus and a small amount of human-annotated word forms selected using an active learning approach. For statistical learning, we use the semi-supervised Morfessor Baseline and FlatCat methods. Aer annotating 237 words with our active learning setup, we improve morph boundary recall over 20% with no loss of precision.
Can Morphological Analyzers Improve the Quality of Optical Character Recognition?
Authors: Silfverberg Miikka , Rueter Jack
Published: November 2015

Optical Character Recognition (OCR) can substantially improve the usability of digitized documents. Language modeling using word lists is known to improve OCR quality for English. For morphologically rich languages, however, even large word lists do not reach high coverage on unseen text. Morphological analyzers offer a more sophisticated approach, which is useful in many language processing applications. is paper investigates language modeling in the open-source OCR engine Tesseract using morphological analyzers. We present experiments on two Uralic languages Finnish and Erzya. According to our experiments, word lists may still be superior to morphological analyzers in OCR even for languages with rich morphology. Our error analysis indicates that morphological analyzers can cause a large amount of real word OCR errors.
Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki for Finno-Ugric dictionaries
Authors: Laxström Niklas , Kanner Antti
Published: November 2015

This paper introduces the concept of Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki, which can be used to build collaborative on-line projects for certain types of multilingual content. Namely, dictionaries whose users are multilingual or have different native languages. We describe two multilingual on-line dictionary projects built using the Multilingual Semantic MediaWiki framework. These projects cover Finnish, Swedish, the Sámi languages, Estonian and Ludic among others. We describe the benefits of using semi-structured data and the limitations of this particular semantic software based on the case study offered by the aforementioned projects. We evaluate these projects in terms of development and maintenance effort, number of visitors and contributors. We conclude that this is a low cost approach to increase openness and collaboration and to create more value for this kind of data.
On the Road to a Dialect Dictionary of Khanty Postpositions
Authors: Schön Zsófia
Published: November 2015

This paper aims to present the first steps of a corpus based dialect dictionary of postpositions in several Khanty dialects and subdialects. Based primarily on specifically elicitated data from more than fifty informants, this ongoing project focuses not only on the semantic properties of this part of speech in Khanty, but also on the morphology and combinatorics as exhibited by (sub)dialectal microvariation. Special attention is paid to two of the Northern dialects – Kazym and Shuryshkary Khanty – and to one of the Eastern dialects – Surgut Khanty.The lexicon entries have been compiled according to TEI P5 guidelines in XML format, while the corpus data is stored in a MySQL database. A web application combining the lexicon with the corpus data, sound files, annotations and metadata is currently under construction.As a multilingual dialect dictionary of Khanty postpositions, this project hopes to fill a gap in current research on Khanty: namely the lack of easily accessible digital dictionaries. It is designed to be a pilot project for forthcoming digital Khanty dictionaries.
The Stress of Russian Nouns in -ик and -ица
Authors: Hart David
Published: November 2015

This article presents a computational basis for a default position of stress in Russian nouns with the final sequence -ик or -иц(a) and their variants (e.g. the suffixes -ник, -овица, etc.). The position of stress in all such words is classified as root, stem, or final (desinential) and tallied. The results of the examination suggest that stress in Russian derived nouns functions to define the boundary between the root and suffix. The presence of a phonological factor in what traditionally has been seen as a strictly morphological phenomenon in the modern language is also indicated. This investigation supports conclusions made by Shapiro (1986) and experimental work by Crosswhite et al. (2003) and Lavitskaya et al. (2014) which show that stress in Russian nouns is essentially tied to the final stressable stem syllable.
An algorithm for discovering Lagrangians automatically from data
Authors: Hills Daniel J.A. , Grütter Adrian M. , Hudson Jonathan J.
Published: November 2015

An activity fundamental to science is building mathematical models. These models are used to both predict the results of future experiments and gain insight into the structure of the system under study. We present an algorithm that automates the model building process in a scientifically principled way. The algorithm can take observed trajectories from a wide variety of mechanical systems and, without any other prior knowledge or tuning of parameters, predict the future evolution of the system. It does this by applying the principle of least action and searching for the simplest Lagrangian that describes the system’s behaviour. By generating this Lagrangian in a human interpretable form, it can also provide insight into the workings of the system.
Medicare Advantage Has Become Notorious for Prior Authorization—CMS and Lawmakers Are Taking Action
Authors: Cahan Eli
Published: August 2024

This Medical News article discusses care denials under Medicare Advantage plans and efforts to streamline the prior authorization process.
GLP-1 Medication Use for Type 2 Diabetes Has Soared
Authors: Hegland Thomas A. , Fang Zhengyi , Bucher Karen
Published: August 2024

This JAMA Data Brief discusses new data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey, or MEPS, Household Component, a household survey sponsored by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
Fluid Driven Membrane Actuation for Reconfigurable Acoustic Manipulation
Authors: Choi Christabel , Hardwick James , Bansal Shubhi , Subramanian Sriram
Published: August 2024

Acoustic metamaterials based on out‐of‐plane actuation can flexibly reconfigure arrayed unit cells on demand, to shape sound fields for applications such as beam formation or holography. However, implementing active reconfiguration on the millimeter‐scale is challenging, due to the lack of suitable actuation methods. Besides electronic complexity, current methods suffer from limited actuation range (sub‐millimeter), and discrete steps inhibit smooth sound modulation. Here, a novel fluid‐driven approach for continuous out‐of‐plane actuation is presented. A three dimensionally (3D)‐printed fluidic chip is integrated with an elastomeric membrane, and selective inflation of membrane sections actuates acoustic reflector unit cells according to their shape and position. The compact device enables displacements >5 mm without coupling mechanisms or external power. It is experimentally demonstrate single‐channel and multi‐channel prototypes, including an ultrasonic metasurface built for controllable acoustic focusing at five different locations. The fluidic chips are monolithically printed via digital light processing without internal support material, and the membranes are fabricated by accessible and cost‐effective spacer‐based fabrication. The methods are reproducible and eliminate complex processes (e.g., adhesion of layers) commonly associated with multi‐layered micro/milli fluidic devices. The outlined approaches and concepts in this work can be applied beyond the field of metamaterials, such as for visual displays, or tactile devices.
Light‐Broadened Faradaic Regime of Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Accelerated Amperometric Biodetection
Authors: Ju Peng , Jiang Xingwu , Xu Yi‐Tong , Hu Jin , Chi Jingtian , Jiang Tiantong , Lu Zhaoxia , Zhai Xiaofan , Zhao Wei‐Wei
Published: August 2024

Faradaic‐mode organic electrochemical transistors (OECT) are promising but usually need hundreds of millivolts to sustain redox reactions. Decrease or even removal of the voltage penalty is highly desirable. Herein, the Faradic regime of the OECT is broadened toward zero bias by integrating a p‐n heterojunction of Cu2S‐diethylenetriamine (DETA)‐CdS for efficient photogating of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrene sulfonate) channel. Upon light illumination, it is found that an obvious Faradaic process is evolved at the gate/electrolyte interface under zero gate bias, suggesting the potential of sensitive amperometric biodetection with enhanced signal resolution. At the Cu2S‐DETA‐CdS/liquid interface, a biosensing process is introduced, combining with a DNA walker and enzymatic biocatalytic precipitation to produce a target‐dependent diffusion barrier, modulating the amperometric output with enhanced signal variations under light irradiation compared to that in the dark. The proposed system achieves the desired analytical performance for representative target miRNA‐10b with a low detection limit of 0.21 fM. This work features a light‐mediated OECT device with enhanced signal resolution and provides new operational paradigms and insights for novel optoelectronics interfacing with biological systems.
Recent Advances in Cathode Materials with Core–Shell Structures and Concentration Gradients for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Hou Peiyu , Dong Mohan , Li Feng , Lin Zezhou , Xu Xijin
Published: August 2024

Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) offer excellent potential for meeting the urgent need to develop low‐cost and durable large‐scale electrical energy storage systems. However, the electrochemical performance of currently available SIBs requires substantial improvement to enable their practical deployment. The cathode material is one of the greatest factors impacting SIB performance. The recent development of cathodes with core–shell structures and concentration gradients offers considerable promise for addressing these issues limiting the implementation of SIBs. Therefore, this review presents the primary factors affecting the development of these advanced cathode materials. First, the study discusses recently developed methods for preparing these materials, including precipitation reactions, ion‐exchange reactions, and doping induction. The study further summarizes recent advances in developing layered transition‐metal oxides, poly‐anionic compounds, Prussian blue analogs, organic molecules, and other cathodes with core–shell structures and concentration gradients. Moreover, the state of understanding regarding the Na storage mechanisms of these heterogeneous cathodes is also presented. Finally, the remaining major challenges restricting the development of these cathode structures are discussed and possible solutions are provided. This review also enables the heterogeneous concepts to be expanded to high‐capacity anodes employed in alkali metal ion batteries.
Dual‐direction Circularly Polarized Luminescence Materials With On‐demand Handedness and Superior Flexibility
Authors: Jia Shengzhe , Yang Bingbing , Xie Yujiang , Tao Tiantian , Du Jing , Yu Liuyang , Zhang Yuan , Zhang Jiayin , Tang Weiwei , Gong Junbo
Published: August 2024

This work utilizes the self‐assembled cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as the host chiral template and fabricates a circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) film. By manipulating the photonic bandgap, the synthesized film integrates a strong CPL signal and superior mechanical flexibility. Without losing the CPL activity, the ultimate strain of 19% has exceeded most CNC‐based chiral luminescent assemblies, which enables them candidates in the optical sensor and wearable device. Meanwhile, the film has a humidity‐stimulus CPL response, with the dissymmetry factor (glum) close to 0.51. This responsive process is reversible and the optical properties can recover upon drying. Next, by manipulating the optical pathway, this work achieves on‐demand CPL direction control and meets the considerable intensity of reversed optical signals (glum: ‐0.35), avoiding the structure disruption and direction random under the external stimuli, which opens a new insight into the optical regulations. Furthermore, this work combines the in situ growth strategy and first synthesizes the dynamic‐switchable dual‐direction CPL film. Optics in both directions can be inverted simultaneously by exchanging the growth sequences. Finally, multimodal optics, excellent stability, and green manufacturing make them welcome in the advanced anti‐counterfeit areas, with the features of lossless and long‐time useful.
Textured RuIrAgMnO2 Oxides With Preferentially Orientated (110) Facet by Concerted Shaping of Ag and Mn for Stable Acid Water Oxidation
Authors: Zhang Ming , Sun Yanhui , Liu Feng , Gan Jun , Gao Shixin , Liu Jingjun
Published: August 2024

Entropy‐based polymetallic oxides with configurational entropy, structure flexibility, and crystallographic orientation have been regarded as promising catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER), due to their electronic energy band occupation, composition ligand stabilization, and “cocktail” effect. Herein, a rutile RuIrAgMnO2 oxide with an orientation along the (110) facets is first fabricated by a low‐temperature directional co‐pyrolysis strategy of metal salts on Ti foil at 300 °C. The quaternary oxide exhibits a texture coefficient of 1.13 along (110) facet, resulting from concerted shaping of Ag and Mn components presenting a vibrational entropy of 1.13 R (R is the gas content). In 0.5 m H2SO4, it displays an overpotential of 171 mV at 10 mA cm−2 for OER, running at a voltage for 340 h at 100 mA cm−2. The remarkably improved performance can be associated with the presence of the preferred (110) facets with in‐plane strains, which activate and stabilize OER process via electronic energy band reconstruction. More interestingly, the preferential orientation prevents the diffusion or dissolution of active metal ions caused by entropy‐dependent energy barriers, ensuring long‐term stability. This work can pave the way for entropy‐driven polymetallic oxides with optimal structures, disrupting the trade‐off between activity and stability in water oxidation.
Dynamic and Static Workout of In Vitro Skeletal Muscle Tissue through a Weight Training Device
Authors: Jo Byeongwook , Motoi Kentaro , Morimoto Yuya , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: August 2024

Enhancing muscle strength through workouts is a key factor in improving physical activity and maintaining metabolic profiles. The controversial results concerning the impacts of weight training often arise from clinical experiments that require controlled experimental conditions. In this study, a weight training system for a muscle development model is presented, which is capable of performing weight training motions with adjustable weight loads. Through the implementation of cultured skeletal muscle tissue with floating structures and a flexible ribbon, both isotonic (dynamic change in muscle length) and isometric (static in muscle length) exercises can be performed without the deflection of the tissue. Quantitative analysis of contraction force, changes in metabolic processes, and muscle morphology under different weight training conditions demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed system. Our proposed system holds potential for establishing effective muscle development and for further applications in rehabilitation training methods.
3D Soft Architectures for Stretchable Thermoelectric Wearables with Electrical Self‐Healing and Damage Tolerance
Authors: Han Youngshang , Tetik Halil , Malakooti Mohammad H.
Published: August 2024

Flexible thermoelectric devices (TEDs) exhibit adaptability to curved surfaces, holding significant potential for small‐scale power generation and thermal management. However, they often compromise stretchability, energy conversion, or robustness, thus limiting their applications. Here, the implementation of 3D soft architectures, multifunctional composites, self‐healing liquid metal conductors, and rigid semiconductors is introduced to overcome these challenges. These TEDs are extremely stretchable, functioning at strain levels as high as 230%. Their unique design, verified through multiphysics simulations, results in a considerably high power density of 115.4 µW cm⁻2 at a low‐temperature gradient of 10 °C. This is achieved through 3D printing multifunctional elastomers and examining the effects of three distinct thermal insulation infill ratios (0%, 12%, and 100%) on thermoelectric energy conversion and structural integrity. The engineered structure is lighter and effectively maintains the temperature gradient across the thermoelectric semiconductors, thereby resulting in higher output voltage and improved heating and cooling performance. Furthermore, these thermoelectric generators show remarkable damage tolerance, remaining fully functional even after multiple punctures and 2000 stretching cycles at 50% strain. When integrated with a 3D‐printed heatsink, they can power wearable sensors, charge batteries, and illuminate LEDs by scavenging body heat at room temperature, demonstrating their application as self‐sustainable electronics.
Flexible Phototransistor Array Enhanced by Coupling the Piezo‐Phototronic Effect and the Flexoelectric Effect for Strain/Optical Sensing and Imaging
Authors: Wang Yitong , Li Fangpei , Peng Wenbo , Xie Wanli , Zhao Xiaolong , He Yongning
Published: August 2024

The piezo‐phototronic effect is widely used to regulate the interface of multilayer structures to tune the transportation of carriers by mechanical strain‐induced piezoelectric polarization charges. Besides, such modulation of the interface can also be achieved by the flexoelectric polarization charges induced by the mechanical strain gradients. Therefore, it is expected these two kinds of polarization charges can cooperate. In this work, a flexible phototransistor array based on n‐AZO/p‐Si/n‐ZnO structure is successfully demonstrated. The piezoelectric and flexoelectric polarization charges generated at the interfaces of the collector junction and the emitter junction, combined with the natural hole barrier at the emitter‐based interface, leads to the excellent performance of phototransistor for the ultraviolet (UV) –near infrared (NIR) range. Moreover, strain/optical imaging based on the flexible phototransistor array under different wavelengths of light is systematically investigated. The physical mechanism of the coupling between piezo‐phototronic and flexoelectric effects is further studied by analyzing the energy band and found to be attributed to the improvement of the emission efficiency and base transport efficiency. This work not only proposes a high‐performance flexible phototransistor array but also provides a new methodology to effectively modulate the interface by coupling the piezo‐phototronic effect and the flexoelectric effect.
Self‐Healing Optical Structures for Light‐Trapping in Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wan Guanxiang , Alvianto Ezra , Guo Hongchen , Wang Xi , Shin Young‐Eun , Liang Fang‐Cheng , Hou Yi , Tee Benjamin C. K.
Published: August 2024

Self‐healing transparent polymers are advantageous for various optoelectronic devices to improve resilience and durability. However, most of these materials have been applied only as flat films and do not address the need for optical structures that can manipulate light. Here optical microstructures embossed on a self‐healing polyurea film are presented which can autonomously recover from damage in ambient conditions. The polyurea film have a high optical transmittance above 90% and haze below 1.3%, and Young's modulus of 3.4 MPa. When applied as a protective light‐trapping layer for perovskite solar cells, the champion device shows improved short circuit current density from 23.7 to 25.0 mA·cm−2, and power conversion efficiency from 21.5% to 23.0%. Furthermore, the solar cell with the light‐trapping layer has improved impact resistance and can recover its performance after being scratched. It is envisioned that self‐healing optical structures can be realized for different geometries and materials in a range of optoelectronic applications to produce resilient and durable devices.
Substrate‐Free Terahertz Metamaterial Sensors With Customizable Configuration and High Performance
Authors: Lin Tingling , Zeng Qiuming , Huang Yi , Zhong Shuncong , Shi Tingting , Zhong Yujie , Sun Fuwei , Zhang Qiukun
Published: August 2024

Metamaterials based on quasi‐bound states in the continuum (qBICs) with manipulable resonance quality (Q) factors have provided a standout platform for cutting‐edge terahertz (THz) sensing applications. However, most so far have been implemented as conventional metal patch structures with adjacent substrate layers, incurring the limitation of insufficient light‐matter interaction due to substrate effects. Here, qBIC‐driven metamaterials with substrate‐free metallic aperture structures for tailoring light‐matter interactions and exhibiting near‐ideal sensing performance is introduced. Specifically, it is incorporated ultrafast femtosecond laser processing technology to fabricate H‐type metallic aperture metamaterials with accessible high‐contrast Q factor resonances allowed by in‐plane symmetry breaking. Correspondingly, stronger light field energies are applied to the interactions due to completely eliminating the confinement of the substrate effect, enabling experimental sensitivity of up to 0.86 THz RIU−1 for the qBIC resonance, 1.9 times that of the conventional dipole resonance. Moreover, a high Q qBIC resonance achieved by optimized asymmetry parameter is exploited for detecting ultrathin layers of L‐proline molecules as low as 0.87 nmol. It is envisioned that this approach will deliver insights for real‐time, precise, and high‐performance detection of trace biomolecules, and open new perspectives for realizing ideal performance metadevices.