bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sibling Relationships and Social Development in Youth and Emerging Adults: A Self-Determination Theory Approach
Authors: Barberis Nadia , Verrastro Valeria , Costa Sebastiano , Gugliandolo Maria Cristina
Published: December 2021

This study aimed to examine an integrated model of the mediation role of need satisfaction and frustration in the association between the sibling relationship and interpersonal competence and social anxiety in young adults and their siblings. In a sample of 1621 pairs of siblings with a range age between 16 and 30 years old, the actor-partner interdependence mediation model showed that (a) a positive sibling relationship promotes need satisfaction, while a negative relationship promotes need frustration; (b) need satisfaction to promote interpersonal competence, while need frustration promote social anxiety; and (c) a mediation role of basic need in the association between sibling relationship and social anxiety and interpersonal competence. The need satisfaction perceived by the older siblings is negatively related to social anxiety and positively related to the interpersonal competence of younger siblings. These results showed the importance of focusing on sibling dynamics in the family context using a SDT approach.
A Review of Noninfectious Diseases Masquerading as Acute Mastoiditis
Authors: Wong Kevin , Arrighi‐Allisan Annie E. , Fan Caleb J. , Wanna George B. , Cosetti Maura K. , Perez Enrique R.
Published: December 2021

Objective

Acute mastoiditis is commonly attributed to infection. Rarely do clinicians encounter cases that do not respond to traditional antibiotics or surgical management. The goal of this study was to systematically review the literature to characterize diseases masquerading as acute infectious mastoiditis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Scopus.

Review Methods

A systematic review was performed to identify all publications that reported on diseases with presentations mimicking acute mastoiditis, defined as postauricular redness, swelling, and tenderness. We included clinical prospective studies, retrospective studies, and case series/reports. Exclusion criteria included non‐English articles, letters/commentaries, abstracts, and review articles.

Results

Out of 3339 results, 35 studies met final inclusion criteria. In children, 11 diseases were reported to mimic mastoiditis, including solid tumors, hematologic diseases, and autoimmune/inflammatory diseases. The most common disease in children was Langerhans cell histiocytosis, followed by rhabdomyosarcoma and acute myelogenous leukemia. In adults, 8 additional diseases were reported. The most common disease in adults was squamous cell carcinoma, followed by nasopharyngeal carcinoma and Langerhans cell histiocytosis. Presenting symptoms are reviewed, as well as characteristic radiographic, laboratory, and intraoperative features that may assist with diagnosis. A diagnostic algorithm for atypical cases of acute mastoiditis is proposed.

Conclusion

A small but significant group of diseases in children and adults can mimic acute mastoiditis. In such cases, history and examination alone may be insufficient to reach a diagnosis, and further investigation may be necessary. Otolaryngologists should always be mindful of the possibility that noninfectious pathologies may present with a constellation of symptoms similar to mastoiditis.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping as a measure of cerebral oxygenation in neonatal piglets
Authors: Bartnik-Olson Brenda L , Blood Arlin B , Terry Michael H , Hanson Shawn FL , Day Christopher , Kido Daniel , Kim Paggie
Published: December 2021

Prominence of cerebral veins using susceptibility weighted magnetic resonance imaging (SWI) has been used as a qualitative indicator of cerebral venous oxygenation (CvO2). Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) adds more precision to the assessment of CvO2, but has not been applied to neonatal hypoxic ischemic injury (HII). We proposed to study QSM measures of venous susceptibility and their correlation with direct measures of brain oxygenation and cerebral blood flow (CBF) in the neonatal piglet. The association of QSM intravascular cerebral venous susceptibility, with brain tissue O2 tension, CBF, cortical tissue oxyhemoglobin saturation, and the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood measurement during various oxygenation states was determined by linear regression. Compared to normoxia, venous susceptibility in the straight sinus increased 56.8 ± 25.4% during hypoxia, while decreasing during hyperoxia (23.5 ± 32.9%) and hypercapnia (23.3 ± 73.1%), which was highly correlated to all other measures of oxygenation (p < 0.0001) but did not correlate to CBF (p = 0.82). These findings demonstrate a strong relationship between venous susceptibility and brain tissue O2 tension. Our results suggest that QSM-derived venous susceptibility is sensitive to cerebral oxygenation status across various oxygenation states.
Oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation promotes angiogenesis and remyelination via Wnt/β-catenin pathway in a mouse model of middle cerebral artery occlusion
Authors: Wang Li-Ping , Pan Jiaji , Li Yongfang , Geng Jieli , Liu Chang , Zhang Lin-Yuan , Zhou Panting , Tang Yao-Hui , Wang Yongting , Zhang Zhijun , Yang Guo-Yuan
Published: December 2021

White matter injury is a critical pathological characteristic during ischemic stroke. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells participate in white matter repairing and remodeling during ischemic brain injury. Since oligodendrocyte precursor cells could promote Wnt-dependent angiogenesis and migrate along vasculature for the myelination during the development in the central nervous system, we explore whether exogenous oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation promotes angiogenesis and remyelination after middle cerebral artery occlusion in mice. Here, oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation improved motor and cognitive function, and alleviated brain atrophy. Furthermore, oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation promoted functional angiogenesis, and increased myelin basic protein expression after ischemic stroke. The further study suggested that white matter repairing after oligodendrocyte precursor cell transplantation depended on angiogenesis induced by Wnt/β-catenin signal pathway. Our results demonstrated a novel pathway that Wnt7a from oligodendrocyte precursor cells acting on endothelial β-catenin promoted angiogenesis and improved neurobehavioral outcomes, which facilitated white matter repair and remodeling during ischemic stroke.
Efficacy of median sacral artery embolization for treating severe pelvic fractures: a retrospective study
Authors: Maruhashi Takaaki , Kurihara Yutaro , Oi Marina , Kashimi Fumie , Tamura Satoshi , Kim Muneyoshi , Asari Yasushi
Published: December 2021

Objective

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) of bilateral internal iliac arteries (IIAs) in patients with a hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture is associated with a low mortality rate. The persistence of unstable hemodynamics after IIA embolization indicates the involvement of other arteries, such as the median sacral artery (MSA). This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of MSA embolization.

Methods

In this single-center, retrospective, observational study, medical records of patients who underwent MSA angiography or embolization for pelvic fractures (n = 21) between January 2007 and August 2019 were reviewed. The percentage of patients achieving hemodynamic stabilization by MSA embolization was calculated.

Results

Fifteen patients underwent MSA embolization, and the remaining six underwent MSA angiography. The shock index value was significantly higher after MSA embolization than that before MSA embolization in hemodynamically unstable patients who underwent this procedure. The success rate of MSA selection was 100%. One patient presented with urinary retention because of bladder and rectal disorders after MSA embolization. The 30-day survival rate was 85.7%.

Conclusions

Severe pelvic fractures, such as a Dennis Zone III fracture and suicidal jumper’s fracture due to trauma from a fall, may require MSA embolization.
Fox (Vulpes vulpes) involvement identified in a series of cat carcass mutilations
Authors: Hull Kita D. , Jeckel Sonja , Williams Jonathan M. , Ciavaglia Sherryn A. , Webster Lucy M. I. , Fitzgerald Ella , Chang Yu-Mei , Martineau Henny M.
Published: December 2021

This study was designed to identify the cause of mutilation and death in 32 cats, part of a larger cohort found dead in Greater London, the United Kingdom, between 2016 and 2018. At the time, discussion in the media led to concerns of a human serial cat killer (dubbed The Croydon Cat Killer) pursuing domestic cats, causing a state of disquietude. Given the link between animal abuse and domestic violence, human intervention had to be ruled out. Using a combination of DNA testing, computed tomography imaging, and postmortem examination, no evidence was found to support any human involvement. Instead, a significant association between cat carcass mutilation and the presence of fox DNA was demonstrated. Gross examination identified shared characteristics including the pattern of mutilation, level of limb or vertebral disarticulation, wet fur, wound edges with shortened fur, and smooth or irregular contours, and marks in the skin, muscle, and bone consistent with damage from carnivore teeth. Together these findings supported the theory that the cause of mutilation was postmortem scavenging by red foxes ( Vulpes vulpes). The probable cause of death was established in 26/32 (81%) carcasses: 10 were predated, 8 died from cardiorespiratory failure, 6 from blunt force trauma, one from ethylene glycol toxicity, and another from liver failure. In 6 carcasses a cause of death was not established due to autolysis and/or extensive mutilation. In summary, this study highlights the value of a multidisciplinary approach to fully investigate cases of suspected human-inflicted mutilation of animals.
Engaging Westermann and the Assumptive World
Authors: Boase Elizabeth
Published: December 2021

The work of Claus Westermann was foundational for the modern study of lament literature in the Hebrew Bible. Westermann’s work on the Psalms arose from his experiences in the Second World War, where he learned to value both the praise and the lament elements of the Psalms. This article reconsiders Westermann’s contribution to the theology of lament in light of contemporary theory on the impact of trauma on individuals, focussing on the understanding of the impact of traumatic experience on the assumptive world of those who suffer. There are significant points of correspondence between the two, demonstrating anew the insights of Westermann’s work.
Why can China maintain a high crop diversity? A spatial-temporal dynamic analysis
Authors: Liu Zhenhuan , Tang Guoping , Zhou Yi , Sun Jing , Wu Wenbin , Yang Peng
Published: December 2021

Crop diversity is crucial for producing more food and nutrition in the crowded planet and achieving agricultural sustainable development, and thus it is a hot topic in shaping policies aimed at ensuring food security. Many studies have revealed that enhanced crop diversity can benefit crop productivity. However, research on how to maintain a relatively high crop diversity at regional and national scales remains limited. This study attempts to examine the underlying mechanisms of crop diversity changes in China and eventually answer why China can maintain a high crop diversity from the spatial-temporal perspective. To achieve this end, the county level crop area dataset for the period of 1980–2014 was compiled and used to quantify the spatiotemporal dynamics of crop diversity in China. The result reveals that the China’s crop diversity trended upward over past 35 years, evidenced by more than 7 major crops at national level and 4 major crops at county level having undergone massive planting process to maintain a high crop diversity. Spatially, the crop diversity increased in more than two-thirds of the counties, and its hotspots moved gradually to the south-west mountainous area. The natural factor of slope and the social factor of population density contributed to shape the crop diversity pattern in global effects. In contrast, the irrigation degree, elevation of cropland, mean annual temperature and precipitation affected the spatially non-stationary distribution of crop diversity at the local level. On the whole, the maintenance of a higher crop diversity in China not only was limited by natural conditions, but also subject to adopt the multi-cropping systems strategic choice for the country to agricultural conditions. We argued that crop diversity can be an indicator to draw agricultural zoning, and increasing crop diversity should be recognized as a policy tool to implement agricultural sustainable development strategy.
A Family Systems Perspective of Elder Family Financial Exploitation: Examining Family Context Profiles
Authors: Chan Athena C. Y. , Stum Marlene S.
Published: December 2021

Objective: Informed by Family Systems Theory, this study examines the interwoven nature of intergenerational family structures and roles in which elder family financial exploitation (EFFE) takes place. Method: Data from a mixed-methods study were utilized to examine patterns of family structures and roles within and across 23 family systems. Participants were non-perpetrator/non-victim concerned family members (CFMs) who had experienced EFFE. Results: Four family context profiles were identified, organized by the number and roles of victim(s) and perpetrator(s) in each family system, including: Single victim, Single perpetrator; Single victim, Multiple perpetrators; Two victims, Single perpetrator; and Two victims, Multiple perpetrators. It is possible for multiple perpetrators to be involved, with up to five perpetrators across three generations in our sample. Discussion: Findings offer insight into the range of intergenerational family structures and roles affected by EFFE. Practitioners are encouraged to understand and address family contexts to improve EFFE intervention outcomes.
Buchan’s Domestic Medicine and Thomas Huggan, drunken surgeon of the Bounty
Authors: van der Merwe Pieter
Published: December 2021

The sixth-edition copy (1779) of William Buchan's Domestic Medicine that belonged to Thomas Huggan, surgeon of the Bounty (d.1788 at Tahiti), has been in the National Maritime Museum since 1963. This research note comments on the implications of annotations in it, briefly considers its owner in the context of the status of naval surgeons at the time, and provides hitherto unpublished information on his prior career history and connections.
Radiographic Assessment of the Feline Temporomandibular Joint with Oblique Projections: A Preliminary Ex Vivo Study
Authors: Villamizar-Martinez Lenin A. , Villegas Cristian M. , Gioso Marco A. , Baroni Carina Outi , Unruh Silvana M. , Cohen Eli B. , Reiter Alexander M.
Published: December 2021

Radiographic assessment of the temporomandibular joint in the domestic cat using conventional radiographic views can be challenging due to superimposition of overlying structures and the complex anatomy of the skull. The use of computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and cone beam computed tomography to assess the temporomandibular joint in the cat has increased, but these modalities are not always available in general veterinary practices. Conventional radiography is still commonly used for first line assessment of the temporomandibular joint. The aim of this preliminary study was to determine optimal angle of obliquity of lateroventral-laterodorsal and laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique radiographic views in the assessment of the temporomandibular joints in five feline mesaticephalic dry skulls. Visibility of the mandibular head, mandibular fossa, retroarticular process, and temporomandibular joint space were evaluated and scored by two veterinary radiologists. The results of this study identified that the dependent temporomandibular joint anatomy was best seen on the latero-10°-ventral-laterodorsal, latero-15°-ventral-laterodorsal, and latero-20°-ventral-laterodorsal, oblique views, and opposite lateral oblique views at these angulations may be helpful in characterization of this anatomy in clinical patients. The results also indicate that the laterorostral-laterocaudal (nose up lateral oblique) oblique view did not allow adequate discrimination of all TMJ anatomy at any angle, and is not recommended.
A machine learning approach to predict the stress results of quadratic tetrahedral elements
Authors: Mahesh S , Marco Schiffel , Sharma Ramesh S , Praveenkumar MK , Wadagavi Vishal , Subbarao Lakshminarasimhan
Published: December 2021

Industries are always looking for an effective and efficient way to reduce the computation time of simulation because of the huge expenditure involved. From basics of Finite Element Method (FEM), it is known that, linear order finite elements consume less computation time and are less accurate compared to higher order finite elements say quadratic elements. An approach to get the benefit of less computation cost of linear elements and the good accuracy of quadratic elements can be of a good thought. The methodology to get the accurate results of quadratic elements with the advantage of less simulation run time of linear elements is presented here. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms are found to be effective in making predictions based on some known data set. The present paper discusses a methodology to implement ML model to predict the results equivalent to that of quadratic elements based on the solutions obtained from the linear elements. Here, a ML model is developed using python code, the stress results from Finite Element (FE) model of linear tetrahedral elements is given as the input to it to predict the stress results of quadratic tetrahedral elements. Abaqus is used as the FEM tool to develop the FE models. A python script is used to extract the stresses and the corresponding node numbers. The results showed that the developed ML model is successful in prediction of the accurate stress results for the set of test data. The scatter plots showed that the Z-score method was effective in removing the singularities. The proposed methodology is effective to reduce the computation time for simulation.
Corrosion, optimization and surface analysis of Fe-Al2O3-CeO2 metal matrix nanocomposites
Authors: Gupta Pallav , Ahamad Naseem , Mehta Jimmy , Kumar Devendra , Quraishi Mumtaz A , Rinawa Moti L , Gupta Sumit , Chaudhary Vijay , Sadasivuni Kishor K
Published: December 2021

In the present work, metal matrix nanocomposites are being prepared using Fe as base material reinforced with Al2O3 and doped with CeO2. Nanocomposite specimens were synthesized using powder metallurgy technique. Tafel Polarization, Corrosion Behavior and its optimization using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) as well as Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) along with Phase and Microstructure of prepared samples have been investigated. It was observed that corrosion rate and corrosion current density was highest for pure Fe samples whereas 1.0% CeO2 doped Fe-Al2O3 metal matrix nanocomposite system showed the formation of nano amorphous layer on the specimen surface. Analysis of Variance shows that the different compositions of samples have changed outcome on corrosion behavior. Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution analysis shows ordered preference of sample as per the readings of corrosion rate.
Kinematic analysis of an augmented 3-RPSP tripod mechanism with six degrees of freedom for bone reduction surgery
Authors: Nguyen Phu Sinh , Essomba Terence
Published: December 2021

Robotic-assisted bone reduction surgery consists in using robots to reconnect patients’ bone fragments prior to fracture healing. The goal of this study is to propose a novel augmented 3-RPSP tripod mechanism with six degree of freedom for longitudinal bone reduction surgery. Its inverse kinematic model is studied and its forward kinematic model is solved by establishing the constraint equations, applying Sylvester’s dialytic method and finding the solutions of the resulting polynomial equation. The velocity model is calculated and its Jacobian matrix is used to identify its singular configurations. In comparison to the Stewart–Gough platform that is a typical mechanism used in this application, the proposed mechanism offers larger reachable workspace which is an important aspect in the femoral shaft bone reduction. A Physiguide and Msc Adams software are used to carry out a simulation of a real femur fracture reduction using the proposed mechanism to validate its suitability. A robotic prototype has been designed and manufactured in order to test its capability of performing diaphyseal femur reduction surgery.
Investigating barotrauma in juvenile salmon passing through a very low head turbine using response surface methodology
Authors: Foroughan Mehrshad , Riasi Alireza , Bahreini Amir
Published: December 2021

Although hydropower is a clean source of energy, in some cases, it can jeopardize the life of some species of riverine fish. Very Low Head (VLH) water turbine is an innovative design that aims at reducing the adverse effects of such hydroelectric facilities. In this research, two methodologies are integrated to investigate barotrauma in juvenile salmons passing through this particular turbine. First, to quantify barotrauma, we implement a method known as BioPA (Biological Performance Assessment) by combining the results of some laboratory experiments on juvenile Chinook salmon moving through a simulated turbine passage with the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation of the flow field in this environment. In the second part, we added surrogate-based modeling as a tool, which enabled us to study the effects of two geometrical parameters on the environmental performance of the VLH turbine with low computational costs. The results indicate a significant dependency between the installation angle of the VLH turbine and the severity of the barotrauma of this particular fish. In addition, further investigations suggest that the region near the middle of blades is the safest for fish in the case of decompression.
Regression analysis of multivariate interval-censored failure time data with informative censoring
Authors: Yu Mengzhu , Feng Yanqin , Duan Ran , Sun Jianguo
Published: December 2021

Regression analysis of multivariate interval-censored failure time data has been discussed by many authors1–6. For most of the existing methods, however, one limitation is that they only apply to the situation where the censoring is non-informative or the failure time of interest is independent of the censoring mechanism. It is apparent that this may not be true sometimes and as pointed out by some authors, the analysis that does not take the dependent censoring into account could lead to biased or misleading results7,8. In this study, we consider regression analysis of multivariate interval-censored data arising from the additive hazards model and propose an estimating equation-based approach that allows for the informative censoring. The method can be easily implemented and the asymptotic properties of the proposed estimator of regression parameters are established. Also we perform a simulation study for the evaluation of the proposed method and it suggests that the method works well for practical situations. Finally, the proposed approach is applied to a set of real data.
Parent Coaching Behaviors Used Within an Adapted Responsive Teaching Intervention
Authors: Artis Jonet , Watson Linda R. , Crais Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2021

The coaching service delivery model is often implemented within parent-mediated interventions for infants at an elevated likelihood of autism spectrum disorder. However, less is known about the exact coaching behaviors used within intervention sessions. Therefore, we examined the coaching behaviors implemented within the Adapted Responsive Teaching intervention. We also investigated the associations between coaching behaviors and parent education levels and the associations between the coaching behaviors and a parent outcome, that is, parent responsiveness. Results indicated that the interventionists demonstrated joint interaction and child-focused behaviors the most frequently. The interventionists much less frequently demonstrated guided practice, caregiver practice, and problem-solving behaviors. The use of joint interaction behaviors was positively associated with parent education levels, whereas the use of child-focused behaviors was negatively associated with parent education level. More information sharing by the interventionists predicted a greater change in parent responsiveness, whereas more child-focused behaviors predicted less change in parent responsiveness.
A CBCT Based Assessment of Canine Eruption and Development Following Alveolar Bone Grafting in Patients Born With Unilateral Cleft lip and/or Palate
Authors: Kadi Hasan , Jacobs Reinhilde , Shujaat Sohaib , Lemberger Mathias , Benchimol Daniel , Karsten Agneta , Pegelow Marie
Published: December 2021

To three-dimensionally assess and visualize the eruption path and development of the maxillary canine following alveolar bone grafting in patients born with cleft lip and palate. A further objective of this analysis was to assess how the presence of the lateral incisor impacts the eruption path of the canine.

Observational follow-up study.

Stockholm Craniofacial Team, Karolinska University Hospital, Sweden.

Thirty children born with non-syndromic unilateral cleft lip with or without palate were consecutively included.

CBCT scans of the maxilla were taken six months before and six months after the alveolar bone-grafting surgery for each patient.

Canine eruption (angulation and vertical movement) and canine development (length and volume).

There was a significant difference pre- and post-operatively of the canine angulation between the cleft and non-cleft sides. The mean angulation on the cleft side was 14.7° (SD  =  11.1°) while on the non-cleft side, it was 4.9° (SD  =  9.2°). No significant differences were noted between cleft-side and non-cleft side canines in terms of amount of vertical eruption and volumetric development. Absence of the lateral incisor did not significantly contribute to either canine angulation or its vertical eruption on the cleft-side.

Higher angulation of the canine on the cleft side indicates a higher risk of future canine impaction. Presence or absence of the lateral incisor did not significantly affect canine angulation or its vertical eruption. Increased age and children born with total cleft lip and palate imply a higher risk of angulated canines on the cleft side.
Bioelectromagnetism in Human Brain Research: New Applications, New Questions
Authors: Gross Joachim , Junghöfer Markus , Wolters Carsten
Published: December 2021

Bioelectromagnetism has contributed some of the most commonly used techniques to human neuroscience such as magnetoencephalography (MEG), electroencephalography (EEG), transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), and transcranial electric stimulation (TES). The considerable differences in their technical design and practical use give rise to the impression that these are quite different techniques altogether. Here, we review, discuss and illustrate the fundamental principle of Helmholtz reciprocity that provides a common ground for all four techniques. We show that, more than 150 years after its discovery by Helmholtz in 1853, reciprocity is important to appreciate the strengths and limitations of these four classical tools in neuroscience. We build this case by explaining the concept of Helmholtz reciprocity, presenting a methodological account of this principle for all four methods and, finally, by illustrating its application in practical clinical studies.
Constituting good health citizenship through British Columbia’s COVID-19 public updates
Authors: Spoel Philippa , Lacelle Naomi , Millar Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has augmented discourses of individual citizen responsibility for collective health. This article explores how British Columbia, Canada’s widely praised COVID-19 communication participates in the development of neo-communitarian “active citizenship” governmentalities focused on the civic duty of voluntarily taking responsibility for the health of one’s community. We do so by investigating how public health updates from BC’s acclaimed Provincial Health Officer Dr. Bonnie Henry articulate this civic imperative through the rhetorical constitution of the “good covid citizen.” Our rhetorical analysis shows how this pro-social communication interpellates citizens within a discourse of behavioral, epistemic, and ethical responsibilisation. The communal ethos constituted through this public health communication significantly increases the burden of personal responsibility for health beyond norms of self-care. Making the protection of community health primarily the responsibility of individual citizens also presumes a privileged identity of empowered, active agency and implicitly excludes citizens who lack the means to successfully fulfill the expectations of good covid citizenship.
Youth's personal relationships, psychological symptoms, and the use of different substances: A population-based study
Authors: del Palacio-Gonzalez Adriana , Pedersen Mads Uffe
Published: December 2021

Background: Externalising symptoms and peer influence are well-established predictors of youth's substance use in general. However, there is little integrative research that compares the relative contribution of psychological and social relationship characteristics as predictors of the use of specific substances among youth in different developmental stages. Methods: A representative sample of Danish adolescents ( n  =  1,168) and emerging adults (EA; n  =  1,878) reported last-month prevalence use of cigarettes, cannabis, and other illicit drugs (OID), and four indices of alcohol use. Predictor variables included internalising and externalising symptoms, and major characteristics of the youth's relationships (e.g., parental drug use, number of close friends). Results: Having a close friend who used illicit drugs, and high externalising symptoms, predicted the risk for using all substances across both age groups. Alcohol use was more consistently related to peer-related variables than to symptoms. Smoking cigarettes, cannabis use, and OIDs use were related to peer and symptom variables. Age group moderated some associations. Parental separation was related more strongly to alcohol use among adolescents than among EA, and higher internalising symptoms were more strongly related to smoking and using OIDs among adolescents than among EA. Male EAs had higher risk for using alcohol than female EAs. Conclusion: Beyond having a close friend who used illicit drugs, and externalising problems, the use of each substance was better explained by a different group of variables. There were few but important moderations by age group. The findings highlight the need for research on risk factors for substance use that is developmentally sensitive, particularly for adolescents, and for specific substances. Thus, interventions and policies should address social, developmental, and psychological factors.
Pressure cooker–induced autoevisceration: From kitchen to emergency
Authors: Singla Ekta , Kumar Suresh , Rehman Obaidur , Ichhpujani Parul
Published: December 2021

Domestic pressure cooker trauma leading to severe ocular injuries is generally underreported. It can have varying manifestations ranging from penetrating ocular injury to thermal burns. We report a case of pressure cooker explosion presenting as autoevisceration in one eye and thermal burn in the other eye. This case highlights the importance of the need to increase awareness and promote safety measures to help prevent such accidents.
Implications of online incidental and selective exposure for political emotions: Affective polarization during elections
Authors: Zhu Qinfeng , Weeks Brian E , Kwak Nojin
Published: December 2021

The Internet and social media create an environment in which individuals can selectively approach information supporting their political worldviews while also being incidentally exposed to socially shared information that challenges their beliefs. These competing information consumption patterns may help explain whether and how digital media contribute to affective polarization (i.e. affect-based division between political groups). This study examines how pro-attitudinal selective exposure and counter-attitudinal incidental exposure in tandem influence political emotions. Using data from 2, two-wave panel surveys conducted during the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections, our findings demonstrate that seeking consonant political information is consistently associated with anger toward political opponents and enthusiasm toward like-minded partisans. In contrast, despite the purported democratic benefits endowed on political disagreement, cross-cutting incidental exposure does not temper political emotional responses associated with pro-attitudinal selective exposure. However, we find little evidence that unexpected exposure to disagreeable information backfires either.
Fuel cell behavior and energy balance on board a Hyundai Nexo
Authors: Sery Jules , Leduc Pierre
Published: December 2021

Hydrogen fuel consumption measuring methodologies of a fuel cell vehicle without modifying the fuel path has been tested and benchmarked. In this work, they are applied to a Hyundai Nexo fuel cell electric vehicle driving different mission profiles on a chassis dynamometer. Three methods respectively based on hydrogen tank pressure, tailpipe oxygen concentration, and IR-shared (infrared) tank data are compared to the reference method relying on fuel cell current measurements. In addition to the hydrogen fuel consumption results, the installed electrical measuring equipment made possible to yield the fuel cell efficiency map at both stack and system levels as well as the energy consumption of its balance-of-plant (BoP) components during steady-state operation. A maximum steady-state efficiency of 66.8% is reported along with a rated system power of 82 kWe involving a 9.1-kWe power consumption for the electric compressor. It is shown that the compressor and the 12-V accessories are the most energy consuming devices among the BoP components accounting for 2%–3% of the total electric energy generated by the fuel cell. Furthermore, the behavior of the powertrain system is monitored and discussed during warm-up phases and during a long idling period. Finally, based on non-intrusive temperature measurements, a short analysis is conducted about the temperature impact on the fuel cell efficiency.
A Dialysis Center Educational Video Intervention Increases Patient Self-Efficacy and Kidney Transplant Evaluations
Authors: Morinelli Thomas A. , Taber David J. , Su Zemin , Rodrigue James R. , Sutton Zachary , Chastain Misty , Tindal Tiffany Thompkins , Weeda Erin , Mauldin Patrick D. , Casey Michael , Bian John , Baliga Prabhakar , DuBay Derek A.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The optimal treatment for end-stage kidney disease is renal transplant. However, only 1 in 5 (21.5%) patients nationwide receiving dialysis are on a transplant waitlist. Factors associated with patients not initiating a transplant evaluation are complex and include patient specific factors such as transplant knowledge and self-efficacy. Research Question: Can a dialysis center-based educational video intervention increase dialysis patients’ transplant knowledge, self-efficacy, and transplant evaluations initiated? Design: Dialysis patients who had not yet completed a transplant evaluation were provided a transplant educational video while receiving hemodialysis. Patients’ transplant knowledge, self-efficacy to initiate an evaluation, and dialysis center rates of transplant referral and evaluation were assessed before and after this intervention. Results: Of 340 patients approached at 14 centers, 252 (74%) completed the intervention. The intervention increased transplant knowledge (Likert scale 1 to 5: 2.53 [0.10] vs 4.62 [0.05], P < .001) and transplant self-efficacy (2.55 [0.10] to 4.33 [0.07], P < .001. The incidence rate per 100 patient years of transplant evaluations increased 85% (IRR 1.85 [95% CI: 1.02, 3.35], P = .0422) following the intervention. The incidence rates of referrals also increased 56% (IRR 1.56 [95% CI: 1.03, 2.37], P = .0352), while there was a nonsignificant 47% increase in incidence rates of waitlist entries (IRR 1.47 [95% CI: 0.45, 4.74], P = .5210). Conclusion: This dialysis center-based video intervention provides promising preliminary evidence to conduct a large-scale randomized controlled trial to test its effectiveness in increasing self-efficacy of dialysis patients to initiate a transplant evaluation.
The Current Status of Integrative Oncology in Korea
Authors: Kwag Eun-Bin , Kim Soo-Dam , Park Ji Hye , Park So-Jung , Jeong Mi-Kyung , Yoo Hwa-Seung
Published: December 2021

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and Korea is no exception. Humanity has been fighting cancer for many years, and as a result, we now have effective treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation, and surgery. However, there are other issues that we are only now beginning to address, such as cancer patients’ quality of life. Moreover, numerous studies show that addressing these issues holistically is critical for overall cancer treatment and survival rates. This paper describes how Korea is attempting to reduce cancer incidence and recurrence rates while also managing the quality of life of cancer patients. Integrative Oncology is the field that addresses these broad issues, and understanding the current state of integrative oncology in Korea is critical. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of integrative oncology in Korea as well as to look ahead to future developments.
Correlations Between the DMN and the Smoking Cessation Outcome of a Real-Time fMRI Neurofeedback Supported Exploratory Therapy Approach: Descriptive Statistics on Tobacco-Dependent Patients
Authors: Paolini Marco , Keeser Daniel , Rauchmann Boris-Stephan , Gschwendtner Sarah , Jeanty Hannah , Reckenfelderbäumer Arne , Yaseen Omar , Reidler Paul , Rabenstein Andrea , Engelbregt Hessel Jan , Maywald Maximilian , Blautzik Janusch , Ertl-Wagner Birgit , Pogarell Oliver , Rüther Tobias , Karch Susanne
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to explore the potential of default mode network (DMN) functional connectivity for predicting the success of smoking cessation in patients with tobacco dependence in the context of a real-time function al MRI (RT-fMRI) neurofeedback (NF) supported therapy.

Fifty-four tobacco-dependent patients underwent three RT-fMRI-NF sessions including resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) runs over a period of 4 weeks during professionally assisted smoking cessation. Patients were randomized into two groups that performed either active NF of an addiction-related brain region or sham NF. After preprocessing, the RSFC baseline data were statistically evaluated using seed-based ROI (SBA) approaches taking into account the smoking status of patients after 3 months (abstinence/relapse).

The results of the real study group showed a widespread functional connectivity in the relapse subgroup (n = 10) exceeding the DMN template and mainly low correlations and anticorrelations in the within-seed analysis. In contrast, the connectivity pattern of the abstinence subgroup (n = 8) primarily contained the core DMN in the seed-to-whole-brain analysis and a left lateralized correlation pattern in the within-seed analysis. Calculated Multi-Subject Dictionary Learning (MSDL) matrices showed anticorrelations between DMN regions and salience regions in the abstinence group. Concerning the sham group, results of the relapse subgroup (n = 4) and the abstinence subgroup (n = 6) showed similar trends only in the within-seed analysis.

In the setting of a RT-fMRI-NF-assisted therapy, a widespread intrinsic DMN connectivity and a low negative coupling between the DMN and the salience network (SN) in patients with tobacco dependency during early withdrawal may be useful as an early indicator of later therapy nonresponse.
Arms intervention: Weimar Germany, post-imperial influence and weapons trafficking in warlord China
Authors: Richardson-Little Ned
Published: December 2021

The Treaty of Versailles aimed to strip Germany of both its colonial empire and the global reach of its arms industry. Yet the conflicts in warlord-era China led to the reestablishment of German influence on the other side of the world via the arms trade. Weimar Germany had declared a policy of neutrality and refused to take sides in the Chinese civil war in an effort to demonstrate that as a post-colonial power, it could now act as an honest broker. From below, however, traffickers based in Germany and German merchants in China worked to evade Versailles restrictions and an international arms embargo to supply warlords with weapons of war. Although the German state officially aimed to remain neutral, criminal elements, rogue diplomats, black marketeers and eventually military adventurers re-established German influence in the region by becoming key advisors and suppliers to the victorious Guomindang. Illicit actors in Germany and China proved to be crucial in linking the two countries and in eventually overturning the arms control regimes that were imposed in the wake of World War I.
Conventional and advanced MR imaging findings in a cohort of pathology-proven dermoid cysts of the pediatric scalp and skull
Authors: Serrallach Bettina L , Orman Gunes , Hicks M John , Desai Nilesh , Kralik Stephen , Huisman Thierry AGM
Published: December 2021

Background

In the pediatric population, dermoid cysts are among the most frequent lesions of the scalp and skull. Imaging plays a key role in characterizing scalp and skull lesions in order to narrow the differential diagnoses. In general, dermoids are described as heterogeneous T1-/T2-hypo- to hyperintense lesions on magnetic resonance imaging.

Methods

The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the diffusion weighted imaging findings while reviewing the conventional T1-/T2-/T1+C-weighted MR characteristics in a pathology-proven series of 14 dermoids of the pediatric scalp and skull.

Results

In our pediatric cohort (eight boys, six girls, age range 3–95 months), half of the dermoids were homogeneous T1-hypointense and homogeneous T2-hyperintense. We found a mixture of restricted (45.5%) and increased diffusion (54.5%) in dermoids. The vast majority of dermoids (91.7%) showed rim enhancement. Most dermoids (57.1%) were located at the midline and adjacent to one of its sutures.

Conclusions

This study suggests that dermoids may have more variable imaging appearances than hitherto assumed and are frequently seen in close proximity or adjacent to the anterior fontanelle.
Case report: Dorsal root ganglion (DRG) stimulation for acute neuropathic pain from acute herpes zoster infection
Authors: Roybal Alexandra Elyse , Sivanesan Eellan , Chen Yian
Published: December 2021

There is little evidence regarding the effectiveness of procedural interventions for treatment of pain after an acute herpes zoster (AHZ) infection before the development of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). In our case, a 61-year-old male presented with 1 month of left foot pain following an AHZ infection. After 1 month of pain refractory to treatment and admission to our hospital for acute pain management, a nerve stimulator was placed at the left first sacral (S1) dorsal root ganglion (DRG), which significantly decreased his pain despite his ongoing dermatologic manifestations of AHZ. In conclusion, we describe a case of nerve stimulator placement at the S1 DRG as a successful treatment for intractable pain following an AHZ infection.
Twitter Campaigning Strategies in Australian Federal Elections 2013–2019
Authors: Bruns Axel , Angus Daniel , Graham Timothy
Published: December 2021

This special issue of Social Media + Society develops a cross-national, longitudinal perspective on the use of social media in election campaigns. Australia, where leading social media platforms such as Facebook and Twitter were adopted early and widely by the general population, and where federal election cycles are unusually short (often less than 3 years), provides a particularly suitable environment for observing the evolution of social media campaigning approaches. This article extends our analysis of previous federal election campaigns in Australia by examining Twitter campaigning in the 2019 election; to allow for a direct comparison with previous campaigns, it builds on a methodological and analytical framework that we have used since the 2013 election.
Factors Influencing Teacher Educators’ Research Engagement in the Reform Process of Teacher Education Institutions in Myanmar
Authors: Kyaw May Thu
Published: December 2021

This study addresses how similar teacher education institutions differ in terms of teacher educators’ research engagement and what causes these differences. Underlying factors were explored by comparing teacher educators’ research engagement at two Education Colleges in Myanmar that differed in terms of the educators’ research activities. Applying the qualitative case study research design, data were drawn from a document analysis and semi-structured interviews with the college principals and teacher educators. Institutional expectation and encouragement for teacher educators’ research engagement, their views on research, ways of their research engagement, and the motives and challenges in each case were scrutinized using a summative approach to qualitative content analysis. The findings demonstrate that personal, institutional, policy-related, and system-related factors influence teacher educators’ research engagement. This suggests that, apart from the consideration of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation, teacher educators’ autonomy in their research engagement should be secured and their policy awareness and buy-in assured.
Just How They Drew It Up: How In-House Reporters Fit Themselves Into the Sports Media System
Authors: Mirer Michael
Published: December 2021

This paper explores how in-house sports reporters—those who write for team- and league-branded websites—locate themselves within the sports media production complex. It builds from perspectives on professionalism that view it as a dynamic process of defining boundaries and building relationships between systemic stakeholders. The interview data presented here find that in-house reporters accentuate professional similarities to beat reporters and use this identity to build unique roles in sports organizations’ corporate structures. This push to define themselves as a distinct job category within the constellation of sports media professions speaks to the active work occupational groups engage in, and is reshaping the media system. The paper argues for a broader reconsideration of professional definitions, actors, and relationships within the sports media system as digital technology and other changes have altered preexisting relationships.