bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil dos hormônios da tireoide em pacientes com câncer de mama em estado de menopausa
Authors: Conde Sandro José , Luvizotto Renata de Azevedo Melo , Síbio Maria Teresa de , Saraiva Patrícia Pinto , Brentani Maria Mitzi , Nogueira Célia Regina
Published: July 2012

OBJETIVO: Verificar o perfil dos hormônios tireóideos (HTs) em pacientes pós-menopausa portadoras de carcinoma de mama (CaM). SUJEITOS E MÉTODOS: Participaram 12 pacientes com CaM em estádio I ou II sem intervenções que pudessem interferir na progressão tumoral e um grupo controle com 18 pacientes em pós-menopausa sem CaM. Foram dosados os níveis séricos de anticorpo antitiroperoxidase (TPOAB), hormônio estimulante da tireoide (TSH), tiroxina livre (T4L), estradiol (E2), hormônio folículo estimulante (FSH) e hormônio luteinizante (LH) antes e após a cirurgia, e realizada a imunoistoquímica dos receptores de estrógeno (ER) e progesterona (PR). RESULTADOS: Quatro pacientes com CaM apresentaram alterações do perfil hormonal tireoidiano: dois hipertireoidismo, um hipotireoidismo e positividade TPO-AB, todas com ER e PR positivos. Os níveis de TSH dessas pacientes não foram diferentes dos níveis encontrados no grupo controle (1,89 ± 1,56 vs. 2,86 ± 3,12 mUI/mL), porém os níveis de T4L nas pacientes com CaM foram estatisticamente maiores que o controle (1,83 ± 0,57 vs. 1,10 ± 0,20 ng/dL). CONCLUSÃO: Esses resultados reforçam a necessidade de avaliação do status tireoidiano em pacientes com CaM, uma vez que, na ausência de E2, mudanças clínicas nos HTs podem atuar em vias controladas pelo E2.
Changes in prolactin secretion in the short- and long-term after adrenalectomy
Authors: Laguna-Abreu Maria Thereza C. , Germano Carla , Moreira Ayrton C. , Antunes-Rodrigues José , Elias Lucila , Castro Margaret
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the modulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) on prolactin secretion in rats after adrenalectomy (ADX). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Plasma corticosterone, ACTH, and prolactin concentrations were measured by radioimmunoassay in rats after bilateral ADX in the short- (3 hours and 1day) and long-term (3, 7, and 14 days). RESULTS: Animals that underwent ADX showed undetectable corticosterone levels and a triphasic ACTH response with a transient increase (3h), a decrease (1d), and further increase in the long-term after ADX. Sham animals showed a marked increase in corticosterone and ACTH levels three hours after surgery, with a decrease to basal levels thereafter. Plasma prolactin levels were not changed after ADX. CONCLUSION: There are different points of equilibrium in the HPA axis after the glucocorticoid negative feedback is removed. Prolactin plasma secretion is not altered in the short or long- term after ADX, suggesting that the peptidergic neurons essential for prolactin release are not activated after ADX.
Treating primary hypothyroidism with weekly doses of levothyroxine: a randomized, single-blind, crossover study
Authors: Bornschein Andressa , Paz-Filho Gilberto , Graf Hans , Carvalho Gisah A. de
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: Compliance to levothyroxine treatment in hypothyroidism is compromised by daily schedule, and a weekly dose may be an alternative. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: This was a randomized, crossover study. Fourteen females were assigned to daily or weekly doses of LT4. After six weeks, they switched regimens. Thyroid parameters were measured at baseline, and after 42 and 84 days. Echocardiogram and hyperthyroidism symptoms were evaluated before and four hours after LT4 intake. RESULTS: In the weekly dose treatment, fT4 levels were higher after taking LT4, and lower seven days after the last dose; by the 6th week there was a small decrease in T3 levels. TSH remained unchanged and there were no hyperthyroidism symptoms or echocardiographic manifestations. CONCLUSION: Weekly dose leads to transient increases in fT4, without hyperthyroidism or cardiac symptoms. That approach seems to be a safe alternative for the treatment of hypothyroidism.
Are skeletally mature female rats a suitable model to study osteoporosis?
Authors: Netto Claudia Cardoso , Vieira Vivian Cristine Correia , Marinheiro Lizanka Paola Figueiredo , Agellon Sherry , Weiler Hope , Maróstica Jr. Mário Roberto
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE: To analyze if female Wistar rats at 56 weeks of age are a suitable model to study osteoporosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Female rats with 6 and 36 weeks of age (n = 8 per group) were kept over a 20-week period and fed a diet for mature rodents complete in terms of Ca, phosphorous, and vitamin D. Excised femurs were measured for bone mass using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, morphometry, and biomechanical properties. The following serum mar-kers of bone metabolism were analyzed: parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor Κappa B ligand (RANKL), C-terminal peptides of type I collagen (CTX-I), total calcium, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. RESULTS: Rats at 56 weeks of age showed important bone metabolism differences when compared with the younger group, such as, highest diaphysis energy to failure, lowest levels of OC, CTX-I, and ALP, and elevated PTH, even with adequate dietary Ca. CONCLUSION: Rats at 26-week-old rats may be too young to study age-related bone loss, whereas the 56-week-old rats may be good models to represent the early stages of age-related changes in bone metabolism.
Can SPECT change the surgical strategy in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism?
Authors: Iervolino Letícia , Scalisse Nilza Maria , Maeda Sergio Setsuo
Published: July 2012

Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in outpatients. It is more common in females, after menopause, and the prevalence is 1 to 4:1000 in the general population. Patients with PHPT have abnormal regulation of PTH secretion, resulting in elevated serum calcium and inappropriately high or normal PTH in relation to the calcium value. Sporadic PTH-secreting adenoma alone accounts for 90% of cases of PHPT, while multiglandular hyperplasia is more common in familial hyperparathyroidism syndromes (5%) and parathyroid carcinomas represent less than 1% of cases. Only after making sure there is functional autonomy of one or more parathyroid glands, localization imaging tests should be performed to guide a possible surgical procedure. It is important to highlight that these tests have limitations and can yield false-positive and false-negative results. There are cases in which the parathyroid gland is difficult to be located, requiring a combination of imaging methods for pre-operative localization, such as 99mTc-pertechnetate, SPECT, SPECT/CT, and US. We describe the case of a 50-year-old female patient diagnosed with PHPT, who underwent a surgical procedure without success, with maintenance of hypercalcemia and hyperparathyroidism. In this case, the hyperfunctioning parathyroid was located in the retrotracheal region only after scintigraphy combined with SPECT/CT were used.
Comparison of eight degree-days estimation methods in four agroecological regions in Colombia
Authors: Rodríguez Caicedo Daniel , Cotes Torres Jose Miguel , Cure José Ricardo
Published: July 2012

Eight methods were used to estimate degree-days in four Colombian localities. Four methods have been previously proposed in literature: Simple Sine, Double Sine, Simple Triangle, and Double Triangle methods. The other four methods are proposed in this research: Simple Logistic, Double Logistic, Simple Normal, and Double Normal. The estimation of the degree-days through hourly temperature values was used as the reference standard method, and the four localities from where the temperature values were taken were the municipalities of Cajicá (Cundinamarca), Santa Elena (Antioquia), Carepa (Urabá Antioqueño), and Ciudad Bolivar (Zona cafetera Antioqueña). Degree-days obtained by all methods under study were compared through linear regression to those obtained by the reference standard method. There were differences in the correlation of each method to the reference when compared within each region and among regions. The Simple Logistic and Double Logistic methods showed the best performance with acceptable R² values and considerably lower bias than the other methods. The poorest fit was found in Cajicá, where the average R² was 0.571. For the regions of Santa Elena and Carepa, the average R² was 0.756 and 0.733. The best fit was found in Ciudad Bolivar, with an average R² of 0.826.
Identificação e caracterização de ambientes homogêneos de eventos de seca/umidade com base em simulações climáticas regionais
Authors: Fernandes Diego Simões , Kruger Luiz Fernando , Heinemann Alexandre Bryan , Rocha Rosmeri Porfírio da
Published: July 2012

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar e caracterizar ambientes homogêneos com base na ocorrência de eventos de seca/umidade na Região Centro-Norte do Brasil, compreendendo os Estados de Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás e Tocantins. Para esse fim, utilizou-se o índice quantitativo de seca denominado Anomalia de Umidade de Palmer (Z-index). Os dados climáticos de entrada utilizados por esse índice para quantificar os eventos de seca/umidade foram simulados pelo modelo regional climático RegCM3 ("Regional ClimateModel - version3"), para o período de 1975 a 1989. Por meio de análise de agrupamento foram identificados 13 ambientes homogêneos. Esses ambientes homogêneos foram caracterizados por meio da probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos de seca/umidade, densidade relativa destes eventos, variabilidade da precipitação pluvial anual e a probabilidade de ocorrência de seca na época das águas (outubro a maio). No Estado do Mato Grosso observou-se o maior número de ambientes homogêneos e na Região Sudoeste desse Estado, o ambiente 11, obteve a maior probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos extremamente seco, 9%. O ambiente 10, localizado no extremo leste de Goiás, teve a menor mediana para a precipitação pluvial anual. O evento climático com maior probabilidade de ocorrência na região de estudo é o próximo ao normal ou normalidade de umidade.
Votando na prateleira: a politização do consumo na América Latina
Authors: Echegaray Fabián
Published: July 2012

Há pelo menos uma década que a utilização do poder de compra pelo consumidor para perseguir finalidades políticas ou éticas é um fenômeno debatido pelas Ciências Sociais internacionais. Diante do aparente desengajamento público com a política, o fenômeno do consumo politizado passou a ser reconhecido como uma das formas mais inovadoras e crescentes de participação política não convencional para os indivíduos, quebrando a tradicional divisão entre cidadania, a esfera dos bens públicos e os agentes políticos, de um lado, e o consumo, a esfera dos bens privados e os agentes de mercado, de outro lado. Entretanto, esse debate mal foi iniciado na América Latina, menos ainda sua discussão empírica. Este artigo aborda as evidências sobre a cidadanização das relações com as corporações que estimulam o uso do poder de compra como forma de influenciá-las a seguir valores e políticas favoráveis à sociedade e ao meio ambiente. A discussão se baseia em dados de pesquisas quantitativas com amostras representativas da população adulta da Argentina, Brasil e México e revela que o consumo político é um fenômeno já estabilizado e que tende a complementar outros modos de engajamento político na América Latina.
Classificando regimes políticos utilizando análise de conglomerados
Authors: Figueiredo Filho Dalson Britto , Silva Júnior José Alexandre da , Rocha Enivaldo Carvalho da
Published: July 2012

O principal objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma introdução intuitiva à técnica de análise de conglomerados. Metodologicamente, utilizamos os dados de Coppedge, Alvarez e Maldonado (2008) sobre as duas dimensões da poliarquia propostas por Dahl (1971): contestação e inclusividade. A partir dessas dimensões os regimes políticos são classificados em diferentes grupos (clusters) de acordo com o grau de similaridade entre eles. Em termos substantivos,esperamos indicar uma ferramenta metodológica para classificação dos regimes políticos e facilitar a compreensão da técnica de análise de conglomerados na Ciência Política.
Análise da não resposta em surveys políticos
Authors: Henkel Karl
Published: July 2012

Este artigo analisa a estrutura social dos entrevistados que apontam o item não resposta em um survey sobre assuntos políticos. Para isso foi realizado um survey com 2.110 jovens eleitores da rede pública de ensino em Belém (PA). Os dados indicam que a quota da não resposta aumenta com a mudança de um ciclo de vida para outro ou com a própria experiência obtida pelos efeitos das políticas públicas, o que deixa o entrevistado em dúvida em relação aos valores e opiniões estabelecidos.
Morning and nocturnal serum melatonin rhythm levels in patients with major depressive disorder: an analytical cross-sectional study
Authors: Khaleghipour Shahnaz , Masjedi Mohsen , Ahade Hassan , Enayate Meersalahodin , Pasha Gholamreza , Nadery Farah , Ahmadzade Gholamhossein
Published: July 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The pineal gland is an adaptive organ that precisely regulates the biological rhythms of melatonin brain hemostasis. Variation in the regulation of melatonin rhythms is a likely cause of depressive disorder. The purpose of this study was to measure serum melatonin levels in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) and normal control subjects. DESIGN AND SETTING: Analytical cross-sectional study at the industrial medical unit of the Iron Smelting Company of Isfahan, Iran. METHODS: The morning and nocturnal serum melatonin levels of patients and controls were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. All data were assessed using variance analysis. RESULTS: The morning and nocturnal serum melatonin levels of depressed and healthy subjects differed (P < 0.05). The nocturnal serum melatonin levels of depressed women were lower than those of depressed men (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study showed that the nocturnal serum melatonin levels in the depressed patients were lower than in the controls. Thus, the peak melatonin phase in the depressed patients was reached with delay. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01357083
Is there a need to redo many of the diagnoses of hypertension?
Authors: Thalenberg José Marcos , Luna Filho Bráulio , Bombig Maria Teresa Nogueira , Francisco Yoná Afonso , Póvoa Rui Manuel dos Santos
Published: July 2012

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Most hypertensive subjects undergoing treatment were diagnosed solely through measurements made in the consultation office. The objective of this study was to redo the diagnosis of treated patients after new clinical measurements and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study conducted in an outpatient specialty clinic. METHODS: Patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension or undergoing anti-hypertensive treatment, without target organ damage or diabetes, were included. After drug withdrawal lasting 2-3 weeks, new blood pressure (BP) measurements were made during two separate visits. ABPM was performed blindly, in relation to clinical measurements. The BP thresholds used for diagnosing hypertension, white-coat hypertension, normotension and masked hypertension were: 140 (systolic) and 90 (diastolic) mmHg for office measurements and 135 (systolic) and 85 (diastolic) mmHg for mean awake ABPM (MAA). RESULTS: Evaluations were done on 101 subjects (70% women); mean age 51 ± 10 years. The clinical BP was 155 ± 18/97 ± 10 mmHg (first visit) and 150 ± 16/94 ± 11 mmHg (second visit); MAA was 137 ± 13/ 86 ± 10 mmHg. Sixty-four patients (63%) were confirmed as hypertensive, 28 (28%) as white-coat hypertensive, nine (9%) as normotensive and none as masked hypertensive. After ABPM, 37% of the presumed hypertensive patients did not fit into this category. CONCLUSION: This study showed that hypertension was overdiagnosed among hypertensive subjects undergoing treatment. New diagnostic procedures should be performed after drug withdrawal, with the aid of BP monitoring.
A regra de ouro e a ética nas organizações
Authors: Thiry-Cherques Hermano Roberto
Published: July 2012

Este artigo examina o princípio da regra de ouro e questiona a sua ampla aplicação nas organizações. O texto resume a trajetória da regra na história do pensamento filosófico e, a partir da crítica de Kant, apresenta argumentos que expõem a sua fragilidade lógica.
Desenvolvimento: ambigüidades de um conceito difuso
Authors: Siedenberg Dieter Rugard
Published: July 2012

Durante as últimas cinco décadas, o termo "desenvolvimento" ocupou lugar de destaque nas ciências sociais e econômicas, na discussão política, na mídia e nas políticas públicas. Apesar disso, nunca houve unanimidade em torno desse conceito e, principalmente, sobre como o desenvolvimento pode ou deve ser fomentado. Este artigo busca explicitar, através de uma abordagem epistémico-sistemática, diferentes nuanças, elementos e aspectos relacionados ao conceito de desenvolvimento, tomando como referência as categorias e terminologias que a biologia explicita em relação aos processos de mudança. A observação de distinções, relações e mecanismos que ocorrem na dimensão biótico podem contribuir significativamente na definição e na dinâmica de processos de mudanças sociais e econômicas.
Um fator de desenvolvimento de clusters no Brasil: a educação profissional
Authors: Foguel Flávio Henrique dos Santos , Normanha Filho Miguel Arantes
Published: July 2012

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a relevância dos cursos superiores de tecnologia para o sistema de cluster no contexto da realidade brasileira, de forma a demonstrar a importância da formação de tecnólogos (graduação tecnológica) para o desenvolvimento desses aglomerados empresariais. O artigo aborda os conceitos de cluster e de educação tecnológica, com uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre experiências de clusters brasileiros. Nas últimas duas décadas, o conceito de cluster (aglomeração geográfica de empresas interconectadas de segmentos específicos e/ou correlatos) vem ganhando crescente interesse por parte de empresas, governos e estudiosos, em virtude do êxito obtido por várias dessas aglomerações, localizadas em diversas regiões do globo e também no Brasil, em aspectos como competitividade, longevidade, geração de empregos e capacidade de inovação. O artigo também demonstra os esforços do governo brasileiro na definição de suas prioridades, a competitividade exportadora e a substituição de importações, através do plano plurianual (2004-2007), e proporciona uma reflexão sobre como é fundamental melhorar os níveis de educação e capacitação, desenvolver tecnologia, aperfeiçoar as instituições e possibilitar o acesso aos mercados de capitais, demonstrando de forma objetiva a importância da formação de tecnólogos (graduação tecnológica) para o sucesso do sistema de cluster.
A administração pública e a educação ambiental no Programa de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos: uma reflexão de uma experiência local
Authors: Vieira Jane Eyre G. , Echeverría Agustina Rosa
Published: July 2012

Este artigo discute o Programa de Gestão Integrada de Resíduos Sólidos (PGIRS), a partir de uma experiência em Quirinópolis (Goiás) e do acompanhamento da Caixa Econômica Federal, propondo a educação ambiental como estratégia para ampliar a obtenção de resultados. O PGIRS, do governo federal, pretendeu contribuir com a administração pública municipal na solução dos problemas ambientais gerados pelo lixo urbano e promover a participação dos atores locais na implementação do mesmo, apresentando, contudo, limitações para atingir seus objetivos.
O design, a arte e o artesanato deslocando o centro
Authors: Mazza Adriana Carla Avelino , Ipiranga Ana Sílvia Rocha , Freitas Ana Augusta Ferreira de
Published: July 2012

Partindo da idéia de que os objetos do cotidiano comunicam algo sobre elementos da cultura, dos benefícios, da funcionalidade e do valor do produto, sendo o design uma forma expressiva assimilável à arte, este trabalho tem por objetivo apresentar exemplos de aplicação do repertório semântico do artesanato folclórico brasileiro enquanto forma de construção de identidades para os produtos nacionais. Para tanto foi utilizado como enfoque metodológico a abordagem visual, através da observação e leitura de imagens fotográficas. Observou-se que no desenvolvimento dos produtos há uma preocupação em manter características originais do produto artesanal, como materiais, processo de fabricação manual e técnica. Desta forma, grande parte do design e produtos analisados não visa à comercialização em larga escala, gerando, contudo, significados e propondo inovações. Estas leituras do produto artesanal foram mescladas a uma nova releitura da forma ou do uso onde foram reforçados os aspectos estético, simbólico e artístico ao interpretar e veicular o repertório semântico do artesanato folclórico brasileiro, enquanto construção de identidade, estilo de vida, expressão de valores e cultura.
Acerto de contas com a administração: uma reflexão a partir de Tragtenberg, Motta e Guerreiro Ramos
Authors: Flores Rafael Kruter
Published: July 2012

Este ensaio é um acerto de contas com minha graduação em Administração. A partir de uma revisão de Tragtenberg (1980), Motta (1986) e Guerreiro Ramos (1989), pretende mostrar que as idéias apresentadas pelos autores de que a teoria das organizações é ideológica e ingênua contribuem para se compreender a posição (ideologia) e os propósitos (instrumentos) das teorias administrativas ensinadas em cursos de graduação. Uma vez que as ciências sociais passaram a teorizar em nível organizacional, sem considerar a totalidade social, libertaram-se dos desígnios da razão que constituíram sua motivação primeira, orientando-se por uma determinação estritamente instrumental e econômica. Os autores brasileiros revisados indicam que é somente recuperando o sentido original da razão e desvendando ideologias (como Motta se refere à obra de Tragtenberg) que será possível construir um corpo teórico adequado à realidade, e acertar as contas com teorias ideológicas e ciências ingênuas.
A docência numa universidade em mudança
Authors: Bertero Carlos Osmar
Published: July 2012

O pano de fundo do artigo são as transformações da universidade. De uma instituição para poucos e com qualidade possivelmente superior, passa a ser uma universidade para a massa. O ideal de alfabetização universal agora é deslocado para a educação superior. No país, criou-se uma lacuna não só numérica, mas qualitativa entre a pós-graduação stricto sensu e a graduação que abriga seis centenas de milhares de matrículas. A lacuna é explorada e, ao final, é sugerido o que pode ser feito para reduzi-la, apresentando-se o esforço da Associação Nacional de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação em Administração (Anpad), através de seu Programa de Capacitação de Docentes em Administração (PCDA), que busca sensibilizar os programas de pós graduação, voltados predominantemente para pesquisar e publicar, para que também incluam na formação de mestres e doutores a dimensão docente.
Meiotic irregularities in Capsicum L. species
Authors: Souza Margarete Magalhães , Pereira Telma Nair Santana , Sudré Cláudia Pombo , Rodrigues Rosana
Published: July 2012

Cytogenetic and pollen viability (PV) studies were performed in pepper accessions, Capsicum chinense and Capsicum baccatum. Irregularities such as laggard and univalent chromosomes, bridges, problems in the spindle fibers and cytomixis were observed, especially in C. baccatum which was the most unstable genotype. In the post-meiotic products, irregularities were observed, on average, at 20 % of the microspores in C. baccatum and 17 % in C. chinense. PV in C. baccatum was below 70 %, while in C. chinense, it was above 80 %. Meiotic irregularities in Capsicum, mainly in C. baccatum, considering the low PV estimated, were significant but not impeditive for fertilization.
Valor de compra hedônico ou utilitário e sua influência no varejo: resultados de um survey no setor de construção civil
Authors: Lopes Evandro Luiz , Teixeira João Marques , Moretti Sérgio Luiz do Amaral
Published: July 2012

Este artigo analisa a relação entre o valor de compra hedônico ou utilitário com a satisfação, boca a boca e intenção de recompra, por meio de um modelo desenvolvido para este fim. O estudo foi motivado pelo crescente debate sobre a influência do ambiente de loja na satisfação dos clientes. As hipóteses foram testadas por meio de um survey de 400 entrevistas com compradores, nas lojas de uma rede de materiais para construção civil da capital paulista. Os resultados indicaram que o valor de compra utilitário influenciou positivamente todas as variáveis de resultado do varejo e o valor de compra hedônico influenciou apenas o boca a boca e a intenção de recompra. A influência do valor de compra utilitário sobre a satisfação, boca a boca e intenção de recompra foi maior do que a influência do valor de compra hedônico. Estas descobertas podem indicar, mesmo não sendo uma garantia, que dispor de boa variedade, pronta disponibilidade de mercadorias, boa localização, horários adequados e preços competitivos resultam em clientes satisfeitos e leais.
Sensemaking e o desenvolvimento de redes de relacionamentos de negócios no contexto das empresas de base tecnológica
Authors: Mello Sergio Carvalho Benício de , Fonseca Francisco Ricardo Bezerra , Vieira Ricardo Sérgio Gomes
Published: July 2012

Nas últimas três décadas, questões relativas ao papel e à importância das redes sociais de negócio têm surgido como foco de amplo e acalorado debate entre acadêmicos e profissionais da Administração. Apesar da existência de diversos arcabouços conceituais ligados à Network Theory, o modelo Ator-Atividades-Recursos (AAR) desenvolvido pelo IMP-Group tem sido amplamente utilizado numa variedade de contextos organizacionais. Neste artigo, utilizamos o AAR para investigar como oportunidades de negócios são identificadas por dirigentes de empresas de base tecnológica. Nesta pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, básica e de caráter exploratório-descritivo, foram realizadas entrevistas em profundidade. A análise de conteúdo foi adotada como método para interpretar os dados coletados pelas entrevistas. O principal resultado aponta para uma dinâmica coletiva desenvolvida nas redes de relacionamentos de negócios. Além disso, observam-se a importância e o papel do sensemaking em tal atividade. Em linhas gerais, o sensemaking é o processo pelo qual as pessoas geram sentido de suas experiências. Reflexões teóricas sobre os achados são discutidas e implicações para a academia e a prática organizacional, bem como indicações para futuras pesquisas são consideradas.
Screening and Diagnosis of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kalter-Leibovici Ofra , Freedman Laurence S. , Olmer Liraz , Liebermann Nicky , Heymann Anthony , Tal Orna , Lerner-Geva Liat , Melamed Nir , Hod Moshe
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

To study the implications of implementing the International Association of Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) recommendations for screening and diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in Israel and explore alternative methods for identifying women at risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We analyzed data of the Israeli Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes study participants (N = 3,345). Adverse outcome rates were calculated and compared for women who were positive according to 1) IADPSG criteria, 2) IADPSG criteria with risk stratification, or 3) screening with BMI or fasting plasma glucose (FPG).

RESULTS

Adopting IADPSG recommendations would increase GDM diagnosis by ∼50%. One-third of IADPSG-positive women were at low risk for adverse outcomes and could be managed less intensively. FPG ≥89 mg/dL or BMI ≥33.5 kg/m2 at 28–32 weeks of gestation detected proportions of adverse outcomes similar to IADPSG criteria.

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing IADPSG recommendations will substantially increase GDM diagnosis. Risk stratification in IADPSG-positive women may reduce over-treatment. Screening with FPG or BMI may be a practical alternative.
A Randomized, Controlled Study of Once-Daily LY2605541, a Novel Long-Acting Basal Insulin, Versus Insulin Glargine in Basal Insulin–Treated Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Bergenstal Richard M. , Rosenstock Julio , Arakaki Richard F. , Prince Melvin J. , Qu Yongming , Sinha Vikram P. , Howey Daniel C. , Jacober Scott J.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate whether LY2605541 results in lower fasting blood glucose (FBG) versus insulin glargine (GL).

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This 12-week, randomized, open-label, Phase 2 study enrolled patients with type 2 diabetes (hemoglobin A1c [A1C] ≤ 10.5%), taking metformin and/or sulfonylurea with GL or NPH insulin once daily. Patients converted to morning insulin administration during lead-in were randomized 2:1 from GL (n = 248) or NPH insulin (n = 39) to LY2605541 (n = 195) or GL (n = 95) once daily in the morning.

RESULTS

At 12 weeks, FBG (mean ± SE) was similar with LY2605541 and GL (118.2 ± 2.0 mg/dL [6.6 ± 0.1 mmol/L] vs. 116.9 ± 2.7 mg/dL [6.5 ± 0.2 mmol/L], P = 0.433) as was A1C (7.0 ± 0.1 vs. 7.2 ± 0.1%, P = 0.279). Intraday blood glucose variability was reduced with LY2605541 (34.4 vs. 39.1 mg/dL [1.9 vs. 2.2 mmol/L], P = 0.031). LY2605541 patients had weight loss (−0.6 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.007), whereas GL patients gained weight (0.3 ± 0.2 kg, P = 0.662; treatment difference: −0.8 kg, P = 0.001). The incidence and rate of both total hypoglycemia and nocturnal hypoglycemia were comparable between LY2605541 and GL, although, LY2605541 had a 48% reduction in nocturnal hypoglycemia after adjusting for baseline hypoglycemia (P = 0.021). Adverse events were similar across treatments. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase remained within normal range but were significantly higher with LY2605541 (P ≤ 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes, LY2605541 and GL had comparable glucose control and total hypoglycemia rates, but LY2605541 showed reduced intraday variability, lower nocturnal hypoglycemia, and weight loss relative to GL.
Effect of Intensive Multifactorial Treatment Compared With Routine Care on Aortic Stiffness and Central Blood Pressure Among Individuals With Screen-Detected Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Johansen Nanna B. , Charles Morten , Vistisen Dorte , Rasmussen Signe S. , Wiinberg Niels , Borch-Johnsen Knut , Lauritzen Torsten , Sandbæk Annelli , Witte Daniel R.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes is associated with increased brachial and central blood pressure and aortic stiffness. We examined the effect of intensive multifactorial treatment in general practice on indices of peripheral and central hemodynamics among patients with screen-detected diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

As part of a population-based screening and intervention study in general practice, 1,533 Danes aged 40–69 years were clinically diagnosed with screen-detected diabetes. General practitioners were randomized to provide intensive multifactorial treatment or routine care. After a mean follow-up of 6.2 years, an unselected subsample of 456 patients underwent central hemodynamic assessments by applanation tonometry. Central pressure was derived from the radial pulse wave. Aortic stiffness was assessed as carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (aPWV). The intervention effect on each index of central hemodynamics was analyzed by mixed-effects models adjusted for heart rate, cluster randomization, age, and sex.

RESULTS

At screening, median age was 59.2 years (interquartile range 55.2–64.6); 289 patients (63%) were in the intensive treatment group, and 278 patients (61%) were men. Patients in the intensive treatment group had a 0.51 m/s (95% CI −0.96 to −0.05, P = 0.03) lower aPWV compared with routine care. Respective differences for central augmentation index (−0.84% [−2.54 to 0.86]), pulse pressure (0.28 mmHg [−1.75 to 2.32]), and systolic (−1.42 mmHg [−4.47 to 1.64]) and diastolic (−1.79 mmHg [−3.72 to 0.14]) blood pressure were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSIONS

Intensive multifactorial treatment of screen-detected diabetes during 6 years in general practice has a significant impact on aortic stiffness, whereas the effects on other hemodynamic measures are smaller and not statistically significant.
Prognostic Accuracy of Immunologic and Metabolic Markers for Type 1 Diabetes in a High-Risk Population
Authors: Xu Ping , Beam Craig A. , Cuthbertson David , Sosenko Jay M. , Skyler Jay S. , Krischer Jeffrey P. ,   the DPT-1 Study Group
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

To establish and compare the prognostic accuracy of immunologic and metabolic markers in predicting onset of type 1 diabetes in those with high risk in a prospective study.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

A total of 339 subjects from the Diabetes Prevention Trial–Type 1 (DPT-1) parenteral study, who were islet cell antibody (ICA)-positive, with low first-phase insulin response (FPIR) and/or abnormal glucose tolerance at baseline, were followed until clinical diabetes onset or study end (5-year follow-up). The prognostic performance of biomarkers was estimated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and compared with nonparametric testing of ROC curve areas. Pearson correlation was used to assess the relationship between the markers.

RESULTS

Individually, insulin autoantibody titer, ICA512A titer, peak C-peptide, 2-h glucose, FPIR, and FPIR/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance provided modest but significant prognostic values for 5-year risk with a similar level of area under ROC curve ranging between 0.61 and 0.67. The combination of 2-h glucose, peak C-peptide, and area under the curve C-peptide significantly improved the prognostic accuracy compared with any solitary index (P < 0.05) with an area under ROC curve of 0.76 (95% CI 0.70–0.81). The addition of antibody titers and/or intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) markers did not increase the prognostic accuracy further (P = 0.46 and P = 0.66, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

The combination of metabolic markers derived from the oral glucose tolerance test improved accuracy in predicting progression to type 1 diabetes in a population with ICA positivity and abnormal metabolism. The results indicate that the autoimmune activity may not alter the risk of type 1 diabetes after metabolic function has deteriorated. Future intervention trials may consider eliminating IVGTT measurements as an effective cost-reduction strategy for prognostic purposes.
Health Insurance Coverage Among People With and Without Diabetes in the U.S. Adult Population
Authors: Stark Casagrande Sarah , Cowie Catherine C.
Published: July 2012

OBJECTIVE

To compare health insurance coverage and type of coverage for adults with and without diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The data used were from 2,704 adults who self-reported diabetes and 25,008 adults without reported diabetes in the 2009 National Health Interview Survey. Participants reported on their current type of health insurance coverage, demographic information, diabetes-related factors, and comorbidities. If uninsured, participants reported reasons for not having health insurance.

RESULTS

Among all adults with diabetes, 90% had some form of health insurance coverage, including 85% of people 18–64 years of age and ∼100% of people ≥65 years of age; 81% of people without diabetes had some type of coverage (vs. diabetes, P < 0.0001), including 78% of people 18–64 years of age and 99% of people ≥65 years of age. More adults 18–64 years of age with diabetes had Medicare coverage (14% vs. no diabetes, 3%; P < 0.0001); fewer people with diabetes had private insurance (58% vs. no diabetes, 66%; P < 0.0001). People 18–64 years of age with diabetes more often had two health insurance sources compared with people without diabetes (13 vs. 5%, P < 0.0001). The most common private plan was a preferred provider organization (PPO) followed by a health maintenance organization/independent practice organization (HMO/IPA) plan regardless of diabetes status. For participants 18–64 years of age, high health insurance cost was the most common reason for not having coverage.

CONCLUSIONS

Two million adults <65 years of age with diabetes had no health insurance coverage, which has considerable public health and economic impact. Health care reform should work toward ensuring that people with diabetes have coverage for routine care.
Synthesis of 4-Benzo[1,3]Dioxol-5-Ylthieno-[2,3-b]Pyridines
Authors: Grinberga S. , Krauze A. , Krasnova L. , Duburs G.
Published: July 2012

Synthesis of 4-Benzo[1,3]Dioxol-5-Ylthieno-[2,3-b]Pyridines

4,7-Dihydrothieno[2,3-b]pyridine 4 and thieno[2,3-b]pyridine 6 were obtained by Thorpe-Ziegler cyclization. Mn(OAc)3/acetic acid system had been used for oxidation of 1,4-dihydropyridine 3 to pyridine derivative 5. 6-Carbamoylmethylsulfanyl-1,4-dihydropyridine 3 was prepared by al-kylation of piperidinium 1,4-dihydropyridine-2-thiolate 1 with iodoacet-amide.
Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Two Heteroatoms
Authors: Ābele E.
Published: July 2012

Oximes of Seven-Membered Heterocyclic Compounds Containing Two Heteroatoms

Literature data concerning the synthesis and structure of diazepane, oxazepane and thiazepane oximes were reviewed. Synthesis of novel heterocycles from the oximes of seven-membered heterocycles containing two heteroatoms was described. Biological activity of oximes of seven-membered heterocycles with two heteroatoms was also reviewed.
Decarboxylative Allylation of Ketone Enolates with Rh, Ir, and Mo
Authors: Dunn E. , Tunge J.
Published: July 2012

Decarboxylative Allylation of Ketone Enolates with Rh, Ir, and Mo

A variety of catalysts were investigated for their ability to impart branched regioselectivity in decarboxylative allylation reactions. While catalysts based on Mo, Rh, and Ir were active catalysts, their regio-selectivities were low and the reactions required an equivalent of base for efficient coupling. Alternatively, a ruthenium-based catalyst was identi-fied that operates under neutral conditions and gives high branched selectivity in decarboxylative allylations.
Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis
Authors: Nazarifar Mohammad , Kanani Mohammad , Momeni Rezvaneh
Published: July 2012

Analysis of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Crop Water Productivity of the Rainfed Wheat for a Regional Scale Analysis

Water productivity is a suitable indicator in water potential analysis at a location. Hence in this study, changes in water use and productivity are studied in spatial and temporal scale simultaneously. Temporal changes in water productivity in Hamedan region (Iran), was determined with Standard Precipitation Index (SPI). To estimate regional water productivity, GIS and Kassam method were coupled to estimate the potential yield of rainfed wheat. Thus, layers of radiation and temperature were created using geo-statistical subprogram in GIS environment and subsequently, potential yield for the entire area were determined. To determine actual evapotranspiration, the region was discrete into homogeneous areas using Thieson method in Arcinfo software, and potential evapotranspiration of the crops were calculated by Cropwat software. Using the method recommended by FAO, these values were converted to actual evapotranspiration. The map of spatial coverage of the water productivity was prepared for the whole region by overlapping the two layers: the potential yield and the actual evapotranspiration. Results of this study indicate that the combined analysis of spatial and temporal characteristics is advantageous. This can help in carrying an effective analysis and results in a broader knowledge of the indicators under consideration. Amount of water productivity in drought condition in comparison with the other two conditions was higher and from geographical point of view, the southern parts of the region have higher potential production when compared to other locations of the province. The analysis shows that the variation in amount of active radiation received by the earth surface is causing these differences.
Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on Flotation
Authors: Żak Sławomir
Published: July 2012

Treatment of the Processing Wastewaters Containing Heavy Metals with the Method Based on Flotation

The aim of the studies carried out at full technological scale was to indicate optimal systems of the two-stage precipitation and coagulation (PIX 113 - SAX 18, PAX XL1 - SAX 18, ALCAT 102 - lime milk and SAX 18 - PAX 16) in the process of eliminating heavy metals from wastewaters made in the processing plant producing sub-systems for domestic appliances. Precipitated pollutions were thickened by flocculation and separated by hydrogen peroxide enhanced pressure flotation. The experimental installation of maximal flow capacity: 10.0 m3/d consisted of: the storage-equalization tank, the processing pipe reactor, the pressure flotation station, and the reagent preparation and dosing station. Optimal doses of reagents and a flocculent as well as pressure and saturation time were defined for which maximal reductions in the load of heavy metals were achieved. The usefulness of hydrogen peroxide as a means of enhancing flotation was tested. The use of two-stage precipitation permitted the reduction in heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Cr, Ni, Sn, Zn), eg by applying ALCAT 102 - lime milk at the level exceeding 80%.
She’s Not There
Authors: Galman Sally Campbell , Mallozzi Christine A.
Published: July 2012

For this literature review, the authors asked, “What is the role of gender in research about elementary-level women teachers and preservice teachers in the past 15 years, and what have scholars learned about the gendered nature of women’s experiences in elementary-level preservice and in-service teaching in that time?” To be eligible for inclusion, works had to be published during or after 1995, study elementary preservice or practicing women educators, take place in the United States, focus on gender, and be empirical. Of the 54 articles that warranted in-depth investigation, 42 articles were excluded because teachers’ gender was subsumed under other social categories such as K–12 female students or male students and teachers. The majority of the 12 relevant articles employed small participant samples and exploratory approaches and depicted female teachers as struggling with or marginalized in the profession. A minority presented women teachers as reveling in the legacies of teaching. These findings beg for more research on women teachers’ gendered experiences.
Sticks, Stones, Words, and Broken Bones
Authors: Wei Thomas E.
Published: July 2012

Stereotype threat is frequently purported to be an important determinant of gender gaps in math. Unlike prior studies, which mostly occur in lab settings, I use data from the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP)—a large, representative assessment of U.S. children—where through a design quirk, students are randomly assigned test blocks, some of which include gender prime questions while others do not. I exploit this natural field experiment by comparing the gender gap in math scores of students receiving primes to those who do not. I find that girls actually perform better relative to boys for some primes (stereotype reactance) and no worse for others. These findings suggest that stereotype priming effects are relevant outside of lab settings, and that consistent with findings from a companion lab experiment and other lab studies from the stereotype literature, the effects appear to depend on the exact phrasing of the primes.
Validation of a Scenario-Based Assessment of Critical Thinking Using an Externally Validated Tool
Authors: Buur Jennifer L. , Schmidt Peggy , Smylie Dean , Irizarry Kris , Crocker Carlos , Tyler John , Barr Margaret
Published: July 2012

With medical education transitioning from knowledge-based curricula to competency-based curricula, critical thinking skills have emerged as a major competency. While there are validated external instruments for assessing critical thinking, many educators have created their own custom assessments of critical thinking. However, the face validity of these assessments has not been challenged. The purpose of this study was to compare results from a custom assessment of critical thinking with the results from a validated external instrument of critical thinking. Students from the College of Veterinary Medicine at Western University of Health Sciences were administered a custom assessment of critical thinking (ACT) examination and the externally validated instrument, California Critical Thinking Skills Test (CCTST), in the spring of 2011. Total scores and sub-scores from each exam were analyzed for significant correlations using Pearson correlation coefficients. Significant correlations between ACT Blooms 2 and deductive reasoning and total ACT score and deductive reasoning were demonstrated with correlation coefficients of 0.24 and 0.22, respectively. No other statistically significant correlations were found. The lack of significant correlation between the two examinations illustrates the need in medical education to externally validate internal custom assessments. Ultimately, the development and validation of custom assessments of non-knowledge-based competencies will produce higher quality medical professionals.
Genetic Transformation in White Jute Through Agrobacterium and Salinity Screening of Transgenic Plant
Authors: Amin MN , Khatun Asma , Bhuiyan MSR , Sayed MA , Khandker SR
Published: July 2012

The experiment was conducted to establish an efficient and reproducible protocol for the plant regeneration and genetic transformation in white Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.). The regeneration and transformation processes depend on optimum growth conditions, suitable explants and varieties. An  attempt was made for Agrobacterium mediated genetic transformation in white jute varieties using gene construct conferring both salt and drought tolerance (CIPK and Gly-1) along with the marker genes. Interestingly the two varieties (CVL-1 and Tricap-1) showed the response of both callus induction and plant regeneration on a single formulation i.e. MS medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/l BAP and 0.5 mg/l IAA. Explants were dipped to liquid culture of bacteria for one minute and then transferred to co-cultivation media for 24 hours. Shoot regeneration from Agrobacterium infected cotyledon was found highest in variety CVL-1 (43%) than Tri cap (38%). After co-cultivation and selection histochemical GUS assay was performed in different varieties (vars. Tricap-1, CVE-3 & CVL-1). In the transformed explants, GUS reporter gene was expressed showing blue colour in the explants tissues. Among the varieties CVE-3 showed the highest expression blue colour in the explants tissues. Those transgenic plants are transferred to salt medium and soil for evaluation. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11180 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 97-107, March 2012