bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Perhatian Orang Tua Terhadap Peningkatan Akhlak Anak
Authors: Firmansyah Ata
Published: December 2020

Akhlak merupakan salah satu  komponen dasar Islam yang berisi ajaran tentang prilaku atau sopan santun. Atau dengan kata lain akhlak dapat disebut sebagai aspek ajaran Islam yang mengatur prilaku manusia. Dalam pembahasan akhlak diatur mana prilaku yang  tergolong baik dan buruk. Akhlak merupakan bagian yang sangat penting dalam ajaran Islam, karena prilaku manusia merupakan objek utama ajaran Islam. Bahkan maksud diturunkannya agama adalah untuk membimbing sikap dan prilaku manusia agar sesuai dengan fitrahnya. Banyak sekali ayat  dalam Al-Quran berbicara tentang akhlak atau yang berkaitan dengan akhlak. Ini menunjukkan betapa penting pembinaan akhlak dalam Islam sejak dini, baik di lingkungan keluarga, sekolah maupun masyarakat, agar menjadi manusia yang berbudi pekerti luhur. Namun mendidik anak menjadi memiliki akhlak yang mulia bukanlah persoalan yang mudah apalagi di era perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat ini. Banyak sekali faktor yang menghambat dalam peningkatan akhlak anak, diantaranya adalah kurangnya perhatian orang tua terhadap anak, kurangnya keteladanan, pengaruh lingkungan, dan pengaruh perkembangan teknologi yang begitu pesat terutama perkembangan teknologi di bidang telekomunikasi, terutama gawai dan banyak lagi yang lainnya. Banyak sekali masalah-masalah akhlak yang terjadi pada anak-anak. Diantarannya adalah banyak anak-anak yang kurang sopan dan santun,  kecanduan video porno, kecanduan bermain games, tawuran, membolos, tidak disiplin, tidak mengerjakan pekerjaan rumah, merokok, kecanduan narkoba, bullying, suka berbohong dan lain sebagainya. Masalah-masalah di atas tentunya di pengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor.
Pembinaan Mental Tentara Dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an
Authors: Yahdi Muhammad
Published: December 2020

Pembinaan Mental Tentara dalam Perspektif Al-Qur’an” adalah segala upaya pembinaan prajurit yang tangguh dengan integrasi 4 (empat) dimensi, yaitu: rohani, ideologi, kejuangan, dan psikologis (beriman/takwa, nasionalis, militan serta sehat psikis). Integrasi keempat dimensi ini ditekankan untuk menjaga kemurnian pengabdian dan orientasi perjuangan prajurit agar tidak terjerumus dalam akhlak madzmumah (mental buruk). Pembahasan ini menemukan model pembinaan mental pendekatan   Rasulullah Saw sebagai panglima tertinggi dalam membina mental umat sebagai pasukan tentaranya saat itu yang meliputi: 1. Pendekatan Spiritual, 2. Pendekatan Emosional 3. Pendekatan Kognitif, 4. Pendekatan Afektif, 5. Pendekatan Aplikatif, dan  6.  Pendekatan Apresiatif. Tahapan pendekatan ini yang telah membuat Rasulullah Saw berhasil membina mental tentara. Menurut Philip K. Hitti, kemenangan prajurit Rasulullah dalam upaya mempertahankan diri dan menang dalam peperangan adalah karena keteguhan iman kepada Allah SWT dan Rasul-Nya.
Pengaruh Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil Dan Financing To Deposit Ratio (Fdr) Terhadap Profitabilitas (Roa) Bank Syariah Mandiri
Authors: Anam Moh Khoirul , Khairunnisah Ikhsanti Fitri
Published: December 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil dan Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) Terhadap Return on Asset  (ROA).  Analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi berganda, dengan variabel Independen yaitu Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil dan Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR). Sedangkan variabel Dependent yaitu Return on Asset (ROA). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Laporan Keuangan Bulanan Bank Syariah Mandiri, periode 2015-2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa secara simultan terdapat pengaruh Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil dan Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA).  Secara parsial  Pembiayaan Bagi Hasil (PBH) berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Asset (ROA) dan Financing To Deposit Ratio (FDR) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Return on Asset  (ROA). Secara simultan FDR dan PBH berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Nilai koefisien determinasi sebesar 23,2% dari variabel dependent atau ROA bisa dijelaskan oleh variabel PBH dan FDR. Sedangkan sisanya 76,8% dijelaskan oleh faktor-faktor yang lainnya.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Pola Penyelesaian Wanprestasi Pada Pembiayaan Motor
Authors: Husna Asmaul
Published: December 2020

Kendaraan bermotor dapat membawa manusia ataupun barang dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Bagi sebagian masyarakat harga motor tidak terjangkau jika dibeli dengan harga kontan sehingga masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan pembiayaan pada Bank Perkreditan Rakyat (BPR) ataupun dealer untuk mendapatkan kendaraan motor yang mereka inginkan dengan biaya cicilan pada setiap bulannya. Namun, pada setiap pembiayaan sering terdapat masalah yang dialami oleh kreditur seperti adanya penunggakan pembayaran pembiayaan dari pihak nasabah yang mengakibatkan adanya masalah sengketa wanprestasi. Sehingga bagi sebagian nasabah tidak mengetahui apa akibatnya jika mereka melakukan pembiayaan pada Lembaga Keuangan konvensional yang berakhir pada ketidak adilan bagi  nasabah itu sendiri. Latar belakang penulisan jurnal ini adalah ketertarikan penulis terhadap pola penyelesaian wanprestasi dalam pembiayaan motor yang ditinjau dari hukum islam. Dengan masalah utama bagaimana pola penyelesaian wanprestasi dalam transaksi murabahah pada pembiayaan motor pada BPRS Al Salaam.
Hotel Rachamankha, Chiang Mai
Authors: Satrabhandhu Ong-Ard
Published: December 2020

La creación de lugares es de suma importancia en los pueblos y las ciudades de hoy en día. Los edificios que conectan con la comunidad y la memoria son preferibles a los objetos vanguardistas que perturban el entorno existente. Cada nuevo edificio debe reflejar la preocupación por la escala y la belleza que ha sido compartida durante miles de años.
El Hotel Rachamankha se construyó utilizando únicamente materiales naturales, como se hacía en el pasado. Una mezcla de cal, un material duradero tradicional, se utilizó en las paredes para obtener la textura y el color deseados. Se utilizó madera reciclada para todo el proyecto, y sus superficies desgastadas añadieron encanto al edificio. El tejado y las baldosas del suelo fueron fabricados localmente con terracota.
Ad Fontes: Proyecto de reforma urbana del entorno de la Iglesia de Santa María en Alzira, Valencia
Authors: Jiménez Sánchez Elena , Linares del Castillo Valero Abelardo
Published: December 2020

El proyecto ha sido desarrollado en el marco de la edición 2019-2020 del Concurso de Arquitectura Richard H. Driehaus.Resultó la propuesta ganadora para el emplazamiento de Alzira. El concurso buscaba fijar una ordenación que permitiera revitalizar la zona oeste del casco histórico de la ciudad. Se trata de un área de origen medieval que, a raíz de la destrucción de la Iglesia de Santa María durante la Guerra Civil, se había visto desfigurada por la implantación de diferentes edificios administrativos e industriales de grandes dimensiones.
Taller de Regeneración: Proyecto Taar-2, Provincia de Isfahan, Irán
Authors: Khazanbeig Arezoo , Azadeh Amirreza , Beygi Sonia , Ghobadi Niloofar , Tabrizi Nima
Published: December 2020

Los pueblos de Irán están olvidando sus formas de vida prudente y sostenible. Se están transformando de productores primarios en consumidores masivos. El valor de su patrimonio vernáculo se está descuidando y hay un éxodo rural hacia las ciudades. Las aldeas están quedando abandonadas en beneficio de un desarrollo poco equilibrado. Intentamos contribuir a superar esta situación con el diseño de un procedimiento de trabajo en equipo de abajo hacia arriba al que hemos llamado "Taller de Regeneración". El taller tiene por objeto enmarcar el problema en el contexto de la conservación, la sostenibilidad, la construcción autóctona y la adaptabilidad. También investiga posibles soluciones a través de conferencias, debates y trabajo práctico.
Drawn to travel
Authors: Thadani Dhiru
Published: December 2020

Drawing is integral to the profession of architecture, urbanism, and building. Being a design professional requires a commitment to lifelong learning and the constant pursuit of knowledge. Drawing and writing help catalog knowledge gained. The collection of experiences and memories serve as a design resource to draw upon. Taking photographs or reading magazine articles is a poor substitute for the well of ideas one collects while making an in situ drawing. It is not only a visual exercise, but a sensory immersion in sound, smell, feeling, and light. Drawing is experience. Drawing is research. Sketchbooks are stored experiences. Drawn ideas are remembered ideas, and travel is a design generator — especially if we draw.
Preserving Brazilian vernacular architecture: The need for a different approach
Authors: Andrade Amaral Fellipe Decrescenzo
Published: December 2020

Heritage preservation has commonly focused on conserving or restoring material heritage. Technical projects are its most common tool and there is often a top-down approach to the interventions carried out. This situation frequently leads to a change in the production logic that gave rise to the architecture which they are supposed to be preserving and an expansion of urban sceneries, while causing the loss of local values ??and cultural traditions. An integrated approach is needed, one which seeks to preserve not only the material heritage, but also its intangible supports, thus relating the preservation of the built ensembles to that of traditional techniques, knowledge, and construction processes.
“TICRAT” International Workshops: 26 Years Disseminating Sustainable Traditional Techniques for the Conservation of Earthen Architecture
Authors: Uviña Contreras Francisco , Guerrero Luis Fernando
Published: December 2020

The building traditions of the Southwest United States and Northern Mexico have been successfully passed on from generation to generation, but have recently been threatened by the development of new, modern materials and technologies, as well as an undervaluing of traditional earthen building materials and a loss of knowledge in the use of these historic techniques. The Taller Internacional de Conservación y Restauración de Arquitectura de Tierra (TICRAT) was created to disseminate these techniques, mainly lime and adobe, and at least slow down the ongoing loss of knowledge. This international workshop gave rise to a collective participatory program promoting practical and theoretical knowledge on the best techniques to be applied both in modest vernacular and larger restoration projects. These workshops soon spread to many rural communities and urban centers in this region.
Interview with Léon Krier
Authors: Krier Leon , Schwarz Moritz
Published: December 2020

The conservative weekly Berlin Newspaper Junge Freiheit was intrigued by Krier’s pun in a 1993 Die Welt article. Following the then official cancellation of the Berlin Castle reconstruction project, Krier had quipped that Germany had to continue doing architectural penance for the Nazi sins. The immense popular success of reconstructions currently being completed in Berlin, Potsdam, Dresden, Frankfurt, despite regular political and professional sabotage, mark indeed a historic break with modernist post war architectural austerity. They are clarion calls for a radical change in established architectural policies and education.
The city before its patrimonialization: Urban configuration of Mucugê, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Andrade Amaral Fellipe Decrescenzo
Published: December 2020

The discovery of diamonds in Mucugê so far exceeded any expectations that it overshadowed all other discoveries made in the region in previous years of the nineteenth century. They attracted thousands of people to this vernacular settlement that was set amid the rocky hills that characterize this region of Chapada Diamantina, in Brazil. Although it also received adventurers from other parts of Bahia, migrants from Minas were the ones who most influenced the new settlement – and, possibly, other urban sites that later appeared in Chapada. This work focuses on the study of Mucugê’s natural site, the structure of its society, economy and culture, its urban form and the introduction of domestic and religious architecture into this ensemble; it analyzes Mucugê’s urban configuration, revealing influences from Minas’ earlier urban settlements that also arose out of mining activity. It also shows how Mucugê developed its own features, especially regarding the relationship between its architecture and the landscape.
Manifestations of traditional knowledge in water systems: The cases of the Kuchaman Fort and Rathi Haveli, Rajasthan
Authors: Singh Rathore Vikramaditya , Kantamneni Jahnavi , Jamadar Ajinkya , Anupam Subham , Kachchap Devanshi
Published: December 2020

Water scarcity in the arid region of Rajasthan incentivized a sophisticated indigenous knowledge of water systems. This traditional knowledge, which was rooted in this geographical context, supported the prosperity of this region for centuries. The systemic degradation of this knowledge has increased the demand for external resources, leading to a constant need for expanding infrastructure. It is therefore time to look back to this traditional wisdom in search of sustainable alternatives. This study focuses on traditional water conservation systems in the purview of the spatial planning and the architectural elements in the Fort and the Rathi Haveli of Kuchaman, Rajasthan. These two traditional complexes have been studied for the interest and similarities found in the way they manage their water resources. This study highlights the timeless simplicity of the identified indigenous strategies and envisions possible manifestations of this knowledge for contemporary practice.
Reconfiguring the traditional knowledge system for providing earthquake resistance: The case of post-disaster reconstruction of Khokana Village, Nepal
Authors: Rokka Komal , Singh Sanjeev
Published: December 2020

Cultural landscapes represent a closely woven net of inter-relationships between people, events and places over time; they are a symbol of the growing recognition of the fundamental links between local communities and their heritage, between people and their natural environment, and are hence crucial to their identity. In architectural projects like post-disaster reconstruction, which revolves around the needs of the communities decimated by a disaster, decisions taken become especially critical, as they have a long-term impact on the community and its built environment. It therefore requires one to take into account the cultural, social, and environmental context. This paper considers the case of Khokana, a traditional Newari settlement in the Kathmandu valley, in order to study its spatial configuration, determined by its socio-cultural activities, through the lens of collective memory mapping. It further analyzes the repercussions on the intangible values and tangible built environment of the community following the 2015 Nepal earthquake, and proposes a new design approach based on an understanding of Khokana’s traditional knowledge system and practices. Finally, we propose a model to achieve community resilience while keeping the community’s values and spatial ethos intact.
A Multidisciplinary Approach to Teaching: Historical-Architectural Research on Piazza Vittoria, Brescia
Authors: Campadelli Nadia , Puglisi Enzo
Published: December 2020

This paper looks at a multidisciplinary teaching approach for exploring the transformations of Piazza Vittoria in Brescia (Italy) during the fascist era. The approach aims to develop students’ grasp of architectural research and to help them take a comprehensive view in an analysis of historical urban planning. The methodology involved studying literature and records. The teaching and learning strategies included face-to-face lectures and multimedia presentations as well as case studies, mapping and data lab groups, workshops and site visits. The students learned to read sources and to decipher documents through descriptive analysis, drawings and photographs so as to build a dataset including intangible memory. The end product involved two exhibitions designed by the students highlighting the transformation of Piazza Vittoria, enabling them to discover the various urban models from antiquity to the designs of Marcello Piacentini. The research project made it possible to rediscover a social aspect of architectural change that had been forgotten over time.
RESULTS OF MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF TENSION-DEFORMED CONDITION OF COMPONENTS OF KNEE JOINT ENDOPROSTHESIS IN CONDITIONS OF PRESENCE OF DEFECT EFFECTS
Authors: Gayko G.V. , Osadchuk T.I. , Kalashnikov A.V. , Lazariev I.A. , Kalashnikov O.V.
Published: December 2020

Summary. Gonarthrosis is reported in 50.6–54.5% of cases among patients with the lower extremities large joints’ dystrophic diseases. In 86% of cases, it affects people of working age, and in 6.5–14.6% - leads to disability. That is why, gonarthrosis is an acute medical and social problem. However, despite the large number of surgeries, the matter of choosing a method (bone plastic, metal insertion) to cover a bone bed’s defects for total knee arthroplasty (KJ) is still ambiguous. Objective: to conduct a computer simulation of strains occurring upon a regular and extended tibial stem of a knee prosthesis, depending on different tibial condylar defects. Materials and methods: the laboratory of biomechanics of the SI “ITO NAMS of Ukraine” created a computer model to study stress-deformed conditions of a KJ endoprosthesis upon a varus deformity of an extremity and knee arthroplasty with a regular and an extended tibial stem, if a bone defect has been replaced with a bone autograft of 5 and 10 mm. Results. It was determined that if a knee arthroplasty occurs upon conditions of a varus deformity, with an internal tibial condyle’s defect, the defect can be filled with an autograft insert up to 5 mm high, and a regular (short) prosthetic stem is suitable. If such a lesion is from 5 mm to 13.5 mm, an extended prosthetic stem is biomechanically justified. If a height of the defect exceeds 13.5 mm, it must be replaced with a massive metal insert. Practical essence: the study will be helpful to elaborate a differentiated approach to various tibial condyles’ defects treatment in the course of the total knee arthroplasty. Conclusions. The implementation of recommendations resulting from this study will increase the efficiency of treatment to this severe category of patients.
Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Islamic Banks Profitability
Authors: Ali Qaisar , Maamor Selamah , Yaacob Hakimah , Tariq Gill Muhammad Usman
Published: December 2020

The main objective of this study is to understand and determine the impact of macroeconomic variables on Islamic banks’ profitability in Brunei. The impact of GDP growth rate, inflation, interest rate, exchange rate, oil prices, competition and money supply on Bank Islam Brunei Darussalam (BIBD) profitability was determined from the year 2012 to the year 2016. The secondary data was obtained from DEPD, AMBD and IMF annual reports. The collected data was analysed using Stata 15. The fixed effects panel regression technique was adopted to measure the impact of each variable on Islamic banks’ profitability. The findings revealed that GDP growth rate, inflation, exchange rate, oil prices and money supply have a significant positive impact on profitability. The findings further revealed that oil prices, GDP and inflation were the most significant and exchange rate and money supply were the least significant determinants of profitability. The findings suggest the regulators and policy makers to discover alternative resources to rejuvenate economic and financial system. Islamic bankers may revamp its marketing strategies to reduce the intensity of macroeconomic variables. This study has vigorously contributed in the existing literature of single country analysis of Islamic banks particularly in the context of Brunei.
Public Governance and Economic Growth: Conceptual Framework
Authors: Hasan Al-Naser Maryam
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to provide a theoretical review of the relationship between public governance and economic growth and establishes future research in this field. In this paper, we discussed six principles of public governance: accountability and transparency, the rule of law, control of corruption, regulatory quality, government effectiveness and equality and inclusiveness.
Career Excellence between Leadership Roles and Achievement Motivation for Employees in the Ministry of Education in the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Salman Mona , Battour Mohamed
Published: December 2020

This study aims to analyze the leadership impact on employees’ motivation and career excellence in the Ministry of Education in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study relies on a questionnaire composed of (5) axes, (10) paragraphs, and (55) phrases. The survey was structured based on the following criteria: the model of government leadership in the UAE, the criteria for job excellence adopted in government excellence, the EFQM (The European Foundation for Quality Management) Model, and the achievement motivation for Mwary and McClelland. The sample consists of 283 distinguished employees in the ministry (a rate of 30% of total distinguished employees) who won three awards: Khalifa Education Award 2007, Hamdan bin Rashid Al Maktoum for Distinguished Academic Performance in 1998, and Sharjah Award for Excellence 1995. Employees were chosen in a random stratified method to ensure a fair and varied representation. The study uses the quantitative and descriptive approaches. Results show that job excellence is moderately affected by the leadership style while it is highly affected by distinguished employees’ own motives and practices. In addition, job excellence is moderately affected by competition standards, which is attributed to the need to enhance work conditions and competitive environment in the Ministry of Education. The study concludes with important recommendations to the Ministry of Education, leaders, managers, award departments, and distinguished winners in various categories.
Effect of Applying Total Quality Management in Improving the Performance of Al-Waqf of Albr Societies in Saudi Arabia: A theoretical framework for "Deming's Model"
Authors: Ali Saad Aldwihi Zakaria , Noor Azman Bin Mohd. , Sharofiddin Ashurov
Published: December 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of applying Total Quality Management (TQM) on the performance of Al-Waqf of Albr societies in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Such charitable organizations lack transparency and are requested to provide adequate financial disclosure. The lack of internal control and scrutiny negatively affects their performance. The study relies on Deming's 14-Point to assess Waqf quality control and effective management and leadership styles. The analysis is qualitative. Interviews and case studies were used to achieve the research objectives. The study fills the research gap and weighs the impact of TQM application for charitable organizations in Saudi Arabia.
HOW THE WEST WON: Post-Cold War negotiations on NATO enlargement in the 1990-2000s
Authors: Kyrychenko Boris
Published: December 2020

With the disappearance of the Soviet Union, in 1991, the American-led North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) became the triumphant military alliance in Europe. Following prolonged deliberations, NATO eventually conducted a systematic enlargement of the alliance into Central and Eastern Europe. This expansion of the alliance was fiercely contested, and according to many critics was based upon a ‘broken promise’ of no-NATO expansion east of a newly-reunified Germany, an assurance given during the negotiations on German reunification by the leaders of the Western alliance. This paper will explore the enlargement of NATO in the 1990s, whether or not it was indeed based on a broken promise of non-expansionism, how this enlargement was accomplished, and how it has affected the subsequent geopolitics of Europe. In doing so, this paper shall argue that a multitude of false assurances on NATO expansion were given to Soviet officials during the negotiations on German reunification.
Political Empowerment and Women in the Middle East
Authors: Uboldi Caterina
Published: December 2020

Despite the negative impact that gender inequality has on human and sustainable development, women’s participation in political life today remains extremely low. Only in a few countries do ​women occupy positions of great power and responsibility​. This is a problem that applies to the Middle East as well, however, there is an underlying dynamism which cannot be ignored and is seldom connected to the positive developments of this region. In order to make progress in gender issues, the United Nations has inserted gender equality into ​its ​2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The UN Women agency has been active in ​several​ Arab countries with a considerable number of initiatives. Such programmes aim at developing​ a conversation ​about​ women’s empowerment, improving governmental policies, involving​ civil society in shaping new laws and agreements ​in favour of​ gender equality. ​This paper will examine the importance of gender equality during crises and throughout the subsequent recovery process. This paper will focus on the progress being made in gender equality, specifically in the MENA region, and how this is being enhanced by the work of the United Nations.
3-D tomographic observations of Rossby wave breaking over the
Northern Atlantic during the WISE aircraft campaign in 2017
Authors: Krasauskas Lukas , Ungermann Jörn , Preusse Peter , Friedl-Vallon Felix , Zahn Andreas , Ziereis Helmut , Rolf Christian , Plöger Felix , Konopka Paul , Vogel Bärbel , Riese Martin
Published: December 2020

Abstract. This paper presents measurements of ozone, water vapour and nitric acid in the upper troposphere/lower stratosphere (UTLS) over North Atlantic and Europe. The measurements were acquired with the Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) during the Wave Driven Isentropic Exchange (WISE) campaign in October 2017. GLORIA is an airborne limb imager capable of acquiring both 2-D data sets (curtains along the flight path) and, when the carrier aircraft is flying around the observed air mass, spatially highly resolved 3-D tomographic data. Here we present a case study of a Rossby wave (RW) breaking event observed during two subsequent flights two days apart. RW breaking is known to steepen tracer gradients and facilitate stratosphere-troposphere exchange (STE). Our measurements reveal complex spatial structures in stratospheric tracers (ozone and nitric acid) with multiple vertically stacked filaments. Backward trajectory analysis is used to demonstrate that these features are related to several previous Rossby wave breaking events and that the small-scale structure of the UTLS in the Rossby wave breaking region, which is otherwise very hard to observe, can be understood as stirring and mixing of air masses of tropospheric and stratospheric origin. It is also shown that a strong nitric acid enhancement observed just above the tropopause is likely a result of NOx production by lightning activity. The measurements showed signatures of enhanced mixing between stratospheric and tropospheric air near the polar jet with some transport of water vapour into the stratosphere. Some of the air masses seen in 3-D data were encountered again two days later, stretched to very thin filament (horizontal thickness down to 30 km at some altitudes) rich in stratospheric tracers. This repeated measurement allowed us to directly observe and analyse the progress of mixing processes in a thin filament over two days. Our results provide direct insight into small-scale dynamics of the UTLS in the Rossby wave breaking region, witch is of great importance to understanding STE and poleward transport in the UTLS.
Low and contrasting impacts of vegetation CO2 fertilization on terrestrial runoff over the past three decades: Accounting for above- and below-ground vegetation-CO2 effects
Authors: Yang Yuting , McVicar Tim R. , Yang Dawen , Zhang Yongqiang , Piao Shilong , Peng Shushi , Beck Hylke E.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Elevation in atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration (eCO2) affects vegetation water use, with consequent impacts on terrestrial runoff (Q). However, the sign and magnitude of the eCO2 effect on Q is still contentious. This is partly due to the poor understanding of the opposing eCO2-induced water effects at different scales, being water-saving caused by partial stomatal closure at the leaf-level contrasting with increased water-consumption due to increase foliage cover at the canopy level, leading to highly debated findings among existing studies. None of the existing studies implicitly account for eCO2-induced changes to below-ground vegetation functioning. Here we develop an analytical eco-hydrological framework that includes the effects of eCO2 on plant leaf, canopy density, and rooting characteristics to attribute changes in Q and detect the eCO2 signal on Q over the past three decades. Globally, we detect a very small decrease of Q induced by eCO2 during 1982–2010 (−1.69 %). When assessed locally, along the resource availability (α) gradient, a positive trend (p
Higher mass loss over Greenland and Antarctic ice
sheets projected in CMIP6 than CMIP5 by high resolution regional
downscaling EC-Earth
Authors: Boberg Fredrik , Mottram Ruth , Hansen Nicolaj , Yang Shuting , Langen Peter L.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The future rates of ice sheet melt in Greenland and Antarctica are an important factor when making estimates of the likely rate of sea level rise. Global climate models that took part in the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) have generally been unable to replicate observed rates of ice sheet melt. With the advent of the sixth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6), with a general increase in the equilibrium climate sensitivity, we here compare two versions of the global climate model EC-Earth using the regional climate model HIRHAM5 downscaling EC-Earth for Greenland and Antarctica. One version (v2) of EC-Earth is taken from CMIP5 for the high-emissions Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP8.5) scenario and the other (v3) from CMIP6 for the comparable high-emissions Shared Socioeconomic Pathways (SSP5-8.5) scenario). For Greenland, we downscale the two versions of EC-Earth for the historical period 1991–2010 and for the scenario period 2081–2100. For Antarctica, the periods are 1971–2000 and 2071–2100, respectively. For the Greenland Ice Sheet, we find that the mean change in temperature is 5.9 °C when downscaling EC-Earth v2 and 6.8 °C when downscaling EC-Earth v3. Corresponding values for Antarctica are 4.1 °C for v2 and 4.9 °C for v3. The mean change in surface mass balance at the end of the century under these high emissions scenarios is found to be −210 Gt yr−1 (v2) and −1150 Gt yr−1 (v3) for Greenland and +150 Gt yr−1 (v2) and −710 Gt yr−1 (v3) for Antarctica. These distinct differences in temperature change and particularly surface mass balance change are a result of the higher equilibrium climate sensitivity in EC-Earth v3 (4.3 K) compared with 3.3 K in EC-Earth v2 and the differences in greenhouse gas concentrations between the RCP8.5 and the SSP5-8.5 scenarios.
Food Roots & Today’s Pantry: The Multiple Meanings of “Thrifty Know-How” among Older African American Women
Authors: Lambert-Pennington Katherine , Pender Lyndsey
Published: December 2020

In this article we put the themes of gender, agency, food tradition, and time, which are central to the food studies literature into conversation with the research on aging and food security to offer an intersectional analysis of older African-American women’s foodways. In particular, we explore how income, age, gender, and time intertwine to inform older African-American women’s everyday actions and activities related to food provisioning, including shopping, cooking, and eating. Grounding our analysis in a “food tense” perspective, we examine how past experiences shape current food acquisition strategies and preferences, and how seniors’ desires for health and longevity serve as a cornerstone of future foodways. Further, we consider food tradition, food knowledge, and thrifty know-how, as a forms of gendered cultural capital, that generate alternative resources, meanings, and explanations of older women’s foodways. This multidimensional and future inclusive approach to understanding seniors’ food resources not only challenges the point-in-time, income-expenditure, and life course frameworks used in food security research, but provides insights into the complex and fluid factors that shape seniors’ orientation and relationship to food.
Book Review: Ending Ageism or How Not to Shoot Old People
Authors: Guest Aaron
Published: December 2020

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Book Review: Transnational Aging and Reconfigurations of Kin Work
Authors: Chirinos Carlos
Published: December 2020

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Film Review: Manu
Authors: Wong Karen Lok Yi
Published: December 2020

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PORTFOLIO: "Ends of Life": An Interview with Sarah Lamb
Authors: Kavedzija Iza , Lamb Sarah
Published: December 2020

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Aging, Care, and Isolation in the Time of COVID-19.
Authors: Manderson Lenore , Levine Susan
Published: December 2020

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AFTERWORD. Situating Time, Futurity, and Aging in the Pandemic
Authors: Taylor Janelle S.
Published: December 2020

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AAGE Obituary for Madelyn (Micki) Iris, PhD
Authors: Berman Rebecca , Perkinson Margaret , Schrauf Robert , Ziegemeier Ellen
Published: December 2020

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The Default Case in Standard Arabic
Authors: Alotaibi Mansour
Published: December 2020

The default Case is a common phenomenon in Universal Grammar (UG). There are some languages which require that all Noun Phrases have Case. For these languages default Case meets something that has become known as the Case Filter (Rouveret and Vergnaud 1980). This is to say, if a particular Noun Phrase is not assigned a Case in association with some specification in some other part of the grammar, then default Case assignment principle can apply. Typical cross-linguistic default Cases are Nominative or Genitive, though the value of the default Case can vary from one language to another. While the default Case in English is accusative, it is nominative in most languages. The default mechanism which assigns this value is only invoked when the structural mechanism is not applicable. This paper argues, by citing multiple cross-linguistic examples, that assumption of a default Case in a language accounts for a better understanding of its syntactic and morphological structure. Based on Schütze’s (2001) proposal for English, it develops a theory to account for the default Case in Standard Arabic (SA). It argues that nominal expressions in SA do not receive nominative Case by assignment of other syntactic means. As such, its mechanism does not interact with the Case Filter, which is assumed to be a syntactic constraint. This paper shows that diverse phenomena in the distribution of nominative nominal expressions in SA can be treated using default Case. Previous studies have ample evidence that such phenomena from other languages have proved that instances for default Case are common, and furthermore, that there are opportunities within the Case framework to reduce the cross-linguistic differences in Case patterns in the event of choosing a default Case.
Taphonomic Analyses of Cave Breccia in Southeast Asia: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Smith Holly Ellen , Morley Mike W. , Louys Julien
Published: December 2020

Karst-derived breccia is the most analysed deposit in fossil-bearing Southeast Asian caves due to its superior preservation potential for human, faunal, archaeological, and palaeontological data. The study of breccia can provide a better understanding of human and faunal histories, and an opportunity to investigate site taphonomy and insights into environments of deposition and post-depositional processes. We review the literature on approaches used to improve the taphonomic understanding of cave deposits in Southeast Asia and how these deposits fit into a cave’s life history. We discuss common methods used to extract taphonomic data retained in Southeast Asian cave deposits and the associated opportunities to discern the mechanisms of cave formation, depositional history, and faunal accumulation. While attempts have previously been made to discern the taphonomic characteristics of Pleistocene vertebrate remains in the region, there has been no comprehensive review outlining methods used to understand taphonomic histories and the biases introduced through these processes. We illustrate the challenges of researching cave breccias in Southeast Asia and the knowledge gaps brought about by conventional methodologies. Uncertainties exist about the extent to which breccia can be examined to infer the taphonomic history of a vertebrate assemblage. These uncertainties exist in part because of dating complexities. This review demonstrates that a taphonomic analysis of breccia in complex long-term accumulations requires a multi-disciplinary approach. We recommend using digital techniques to record spatial distribution data for a thorough interpretation of taphonomic characteristics.
OS SONS FRICATIVOS NO POLONÊS FALADO NO MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ MACHADO NO PARANÁ
Authors: Niewiadomski Sônia Eliane , Costa Luciane Trennephol da
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho objetiva analisar acusticamente as fricativas [ʐ ʂ ʃ ʒ ɕ ʑ] do polonês falado na comunidade do Rio do Banho, Cruz Machado-PR. Mesmo com o passar do tempo, a tradição da língua trazida pelos seus antepassados, cujo sistema se modificou na longínqua pátria, ainda se mantém fortemente nas comunidades interioranas de ascendência polonesa no Paraná. O presente estudo é descritivo, baseando-se na Teoria Acústica de Produção de Fala (KENT; READ, 1992). Investigamos os dados de fala de oito informantes, registrados por meio de um gravador digital e microfone unidirecional acoplado, sendo quatro homens e quatro mulheres, divididos em duas faixas etárias:  até 60 anos e acima de 60 anos, por meio do protocolo de leitura de frase-veículo (palavras inseridas na frase-veículo POWIEDZ ______ PRȨDKO - em português Fale ____ rápido). A descrição dos dados é por meio da análise acústica, com o software Praat (BOERSMA; WEENINK, 2016). Os resultados apontam que os sons fricativos, analisados por meio das pistas acústicas de valor da frequência do início do ruído e valor dos formantes na vogal subsequente, apresentam variabilidade de realização dos dados pelos informantes e entre os informantes e evidências de presença de articulação retroflexa nos sons fricativos.
INUSITADA MATERIALIDADE REUNIDA EM ACERVO: INVENTÁRIO DOCUMENTAL DOS GUARDADOS DA SOCIEDADE POLÔNIA (SÉCULOS XIX AO XXI)
Authors: Stephanou Maria , Severo Cláudia
Published: December 2020

Apresentamos reflexões e resultados de pesquisas e ações de salvaguarda empreendidas por equipe da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul junto ao acervo da Sociedade Polônia, instituição centenária da cidade de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. As iniciativas integram uma parceria interinstitucional abrangida pelo Termo de Cooperação Científica e Cultural que visa preservar o patrimônio documental sob guarda da Sociedade Polônia. O acervo de guardados reúne documentação expressiva, em suporte papel e objetos tridimensionais e abrange os séculos XIX a XXI, com exemplares de temas e materialidades diversas: obras de literatura polonesa e universal, história geral, história da Polônia, história da imigração polonesa no Brasil, impressos de Educação, imprensa periódica, etc., em sua maioria em língua polonesa; fotografias, troféus, medalhas, diplomas, indumentária, flâmulas, dentre outros artefatos. As ações de conservação desenvolvem-se simultaneamente as pesquisas e vêm apontando desafios e potencialidades de estudo do acervo. Investimentos para arrolamentos dos impressos em língua polonesa, da imprensa periódica e de Educação, por exemplo, tem levado a demonstrar um quase esquecimento das raridades do acervo, como também a expressividade numérica dos artefatos, frequentemente ignorados pela historiografia nacional, mas também sua quase ausência em importantes acervos documentais brasileiros.
“MIŁO MI PANA POZNAĆ” (MUITO PRAZER) ... ESCOLA MULTISSERIADA DA LINHA POLONESA - UMA ORGANIZAÇÃO ÉTNICA DO INÍCIO DO SÉCULO XX (MUNICÍPIO DE CRUZ MACHADO – PR)
Authors: Federovicz Vanessa , Klein Roseli B.
Published: December 2020

A Escola Presidente Costa e Silva da Linha Polonesa, criada no ano de 1970, área rural do Município de Cruz Machado (PR), foi organizada por descendentes dos primeiros imigrantes poloneses, que chegaram a região no início do século XX. Essas escolas, na modalidade multisseriada, perduraram por longo tempo em áreas rurais distantes dos grandes centros e, algumas delas, alcançaram o século XXI. A criação dessa instituição, na Linha Polonesa, teve como proposta oferecer ensino público às crianças da pequena comunidade local. A pesquisa teve por objetivo resgatar dados de fundação e funcionamento do espaço escolar destacando as práticas educativas vivenciadas na instituição. Justifica-se o estudo pelo fato dessas escolas isoladas e multisseriadas serem um espaço de escolarização destinado ao meio rural brasileiro, no sul do país, em pequenas e longínquas comunidades. Utiliza-se de pesquisa descritiva, bibliográfica, exploratória e pesquisa de campo através da história e memória oral. O referencial teórico que norteia essa investigação pauta-se nos estudos sobre imigração polonesa de Renk (2013) e nos estudos sobre cultura escolar de Julia (2001).
PANORAMA DA LÍNGUA POLONESA FALADA NO INTERIOR DO PARANÁ: DADOS DO VARLINFE
Authors: Costa Luciane Trennephol da
Published: December 2020

No quadro de falta de legitimidade social do plurilinguismo no Brasil, a língua polonesa é uma das línguas faladas em território brasileiro e sobrevive oralmente nas comunidades de descendentes poloneses no interior do estado do Paraná. Neste artigo, com o objetivo de compilar dados acerca da língua polonesa no país, apresentamos alguns fatos históricos acerca do seu uso no Brasil e outros contemporâneos, advindos de amostras do Banco de Dados Variação Linguística de Fala Eslava- VARLINFE. O banco é composto por entrevistas sociolinguísticas com informantes de sete cidades paranaenses e, neste estudo, analisamos dados de três amostras: Cruz Machado, Mallet e Jaciaba.  Estes dados e os testemunhos dos informantes são fontes importantes para o registro da situação de bilinguismo, existente em graus variados, e de uso da língua polonesa nas comunidades polonesas do interior paranaense atualmente.
Dialogismo na produção de sentidos em leitura de textos escritos
Authors: Barbosa Ângela Alves de Araújo , Freitas Keilla Rebeka Simões Oliveira de , Ferreira Sandra Patrícia Ataíde , Gonçalves Fabíola Mônica da Silva
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se discutir uma proposta analítica na investigação da produção de sentidos em leituras de textos escritos a partir da teoria dialógica da linguagem (BAKHTIN, 1997, 2002; BARBOSA, 2014). Esta proposta analítica volta-se para a interpretação do movimento dialógico de antecipação e apropriação do discurso do outro e foi aplicada para a compreensão de dois diferentes contextos de pesquisa sobre a leitura: um envolvendo um estudante universitário, na produção de diários de leitura; e o outro, crianças da educação infantil em rodas de leitura. Os resultados indicam que a proposta permite interpretar as rotas/mudanças de sentido na compreensão de textos escritos na interlocução de diferentes leitores. Sugere-se que esta proposta analítica seja aplicada a outras situações de produção de sentido em leitura, com diferentes sujeitos e gêneros do discurso escrito/multimodal.
Golpe ou impeachment? A polarização política nas capas das revistas Veja e Carta Capital
Authors: Simões Hélen Rodrigues , Bueno Alexandre Marcelo
Published: December 2020

A destituição de Dilma Rousseff da Presidência da República em agosto de 2016 inaugurou um dos períodos históricos mais polêmicos da história recente do Brasil. Em um cenário fragmentado na discussão sobre se foi impeachment ou golpe, observamos numerosos questionamentos partidários e ideológicos. Este trabalho se propõe a analisar quatro capas de revistas semanais (Veja e Carta Capital) para depreender o posicionamento de cada uma em relação ao evento político. Este trabalho tem como base a semiótica discursiva, com foco no percurso gerativo de sentido, explorando sobretudo a dimensão polêmica instaurada entre as duas revistas.  O que nos impulsiona é a tentativa de traçar um contexto histórico-discursivo do processo de impeachment de Dilma Rousseff, a partir das consequências e julgamentos políticos e seus consequentes conflitos permeados pela polarização política.
Proposta de uma grade de avaliação por pares da produção escrita em português como língua adicional
Authors: Borba Laura Campos de
Published: December 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo adaptar a grade de avaliação professor-aluno de Dilli, Schoffen e Schlatter (2012) para uma grade que fomente a interação aluno-aluno para avaliar a produção escrita no ensino de PLA a partir do nível intermediário. O marco teórico advém principalmente da noção bakhtiniana de uso da língua (BAKHTIN, 1997, 2006) e da avaliação de línguas, especialmente o conceito de avaliação (BACHMAN, 1991; CHAPELLE, 1999; RICHARDS; SCHMIDT, 2010), sua função pedagógica (LUCKESI, 1996; SANTOS, 2005; SCHLATTER et al., 2005) e a noção de proficiência (SCHOFFEN, 2009). Como metodologia, substituíram-se os termos técnicos e incluiu-se um espaço para mediar a reflexão linguística. O resultado é uma grade que estimula uma atitude responsiva e promove uma aprendizagem colaborativa. Conclui-se que a grade proposta motiva uma postura inclusiva do professor no processo de avaliação, auxilia os alunos no desenvolvimento de uma postura ativa e fomenta a aprendizagem por meio da interação.
Multiletramentos no ensino de língua inglesa: gêneros discursivos multimodais e práticas leitoras
Authors: Lago Kaian , Hoffmann Wesley Pinto , Freitas Ernani Cesar de , Boaventura Luis Henrique
Published: December 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar práticas de leitura necessárias para a compreensão de textos que contemplam linguagens verbo-visuais, em especial do gênero infográfico, considerando os aspectos multimodais que requerem (multi)letramentos. A questão norteadora é a seguinte: as práticas leitoras no ensino de língua inglesa precisam considerar os multiletramentos para abranger os sentidos produzidos em textos de gêneros discursivos multimodais. Baseamo-nos nas contribuições de Bakhtin (2016) sobre gêneros do discurso, nas considerações de Lemke (2010) sobre leitura, e nas de Rojo (2012) a respeito de multiletramentos e multimodalidade, além de outros referenciais. Para a análise, escolhemos um infográfico, já que promove a interação não só entre corpus e leitor, mas também entre textos e contextos, bem como significados intratextuais. A pesquisa é exploratória e bibliográfica, com abordagem qualitativa. Como resultado, reforçamos a importância dos gêneros discursivos multimodais em sala de aula, porquanto se pretende oportunizar práticas leitoras e de ensino de Língua Inglesa que prezem pelo desenvolvimento discursivo dos indivíduos.