bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finding a Published Research Paper which Meaningfully Averages the Most Pathalogical Functions (V2)
Authors: Krishnan Bharath
Published: October 2024

I want to meaningfully average a pathalogical function (i.e., an everywhere surjective function whose graph has zero Hausdorff measure in its dimension). In case this impossible, we wish to average a nowhere continuous function defined on the rationals. We do this by taking the most generalized, satisfying extension of the expected value, w.r.t the Hausdorff measure in its dimension, on bounded functions with domains of finite measure which take finite values only. As of now, I’m unable to solve this due to limited knowledge of advanced math and most people are too busy to help. Therefore, I’m wondering if anyone knows a research paper which solves my doubts. Unlike the previous paper, “Finding a Research Paper Which Meaningfully Averages Pathalogical Functions”) we add motivations, examples, and change parts of the original paper.
Advanced Solutions to Boundary Value Problems: A Comparative Study of Rayleigh-Ritz and the Finite Element Method
Authors: Osuntoki Joseph
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the solution of a boundary value problem using two numerical methods: the Rayleigh-Ritz method and the finite element method (FEM). The aim is to compare the performance of these methods and assess the reliability of FEM as a generalization of the Rayleigh-Ritz approach for more complex problems. The Rayleigh-Ritz method and the linear element formulation of the finite element method were employed to solve the boundary value problem. A detailed comparison of the results obtained from both methods was performed. Graphical illustrations were used to present the solutions, and potential sources of error were analyzed, including element and domain approximation errors, round-off errors, and the impact of using linear rather than quadratic elements in FEM. The solutions generated by both methods were found to be in close agreement, demonstrating that FEM is a viable alternative to the Rayleigh-Ritz method for solving boundary value problems. The minor discrepancies observed can be attributed to approximation errors and the choice of linear elements in the finite element analysis. This work highlights the applicability and effectiveness of both the Rayleigh-Ritz method and FEM in solving boundary value problems. It underscores the finite element method’s flexibility, especially in handling more complex boundary conditions and geometries, and contributes to the understanding of the factors influencing the accuracy of numerical methods in structural analysis.
Animal Models of Febrile Seizures: Limitations and Recent Advances in the Field
Authors: Griflyuk Alexandra V. , Postnikova Tatyana Y. , Zaitsev Aleksey V.
Published: October 2024

Febrile seizures (FSs) are defined as seizures occurring in children aged 6 months to 5 years with a background of elevated body temperature. It is one of the most common neurological disorders of childhood, emphasizing the importance of understanding the causes of FSs and their impact on the developing nervous system. However, there are significant limitations to the technologies currently available for studying the etiology and pathophysiology of seizures in humans. It is currently not possible to adequately capture the subtle molecular and structural rearrangements of the nervous system that can occur after seizures in humans. The use of animal models can be invaluable for these purposes. The most commonly used models in modern research are hyperthermic models in rats and mice aged 10-12 days. While these models can reproduce many of the characteristics of FSs, they have certain limitations. This review outlines the key considerations when working with models of FSs, provides an overview of current approaches to producing seizures in different model subjects, and presents a summary of key findings regarding morphological and functional changes in the brain, as well as behavioral alterations, that have been identified in studies using animal models of FSs.
Allergenic Potential of Common Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) in the Context of Cross-Reactions with Pollen Allergens
Authors: Piasecka-Kwiatkowska Dorota , Blacharska Kinga , Springer Ewa
Published: October 2024

Common hops (Humulus lupulus L.) are essential in brewing, contributing to the bitterness, flavor, and aroma of beer, and are widely used in supplements for their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. However, despite their broad applications, the allergenic potential of common hops remains underexplored, particularly in comparison to the closely related Humulus japonicus. This study aimed to investigate the allergenic potential of common hops. Immunoreactivity of hop stalks, leaves, and cones with antibodies recognizing major allergens of birch (Bet v1a), mugwort (Art v1), and timothy (Phl p5b), as well as three sera from pollen-allergic patients, was assessed using slot blot and Western blotting techniques. Phosphate-buffered saline extracts of hop stalks, leaves, and cones from three cultivars were analyzed via slot blot while Western blotting was used after SDS-PAGE protein separation. Results revealed strong immunoreactivity in native hop proteins, although fewer protein fractions were identified in denatured samples. Nevertheless, the cross reactivity of hop proteins with pollen allergens was confirmed, suggesting that hop proteins may contribute to sensitization in pollen-sensitive individuals. These finding focus the potential allergenic risk of common hops.
Generative Simplex Mapping: Non-Linear Endmember Extraction and Spectral Unmixing for Hyperspectral Imagery
Authors: Waczak John , Lary David J.
Published: October 2024

We introduce a new model for non-linear endmember extraction and spectral unmixing of hyperspectral imagery called Generative Simplex Mapping (GSM). The model represents endmember mixing using a latent space with points sampled within a (n−1)-simplex corresponding to the abundance of n unique sources. Points in this latent space are non-linearly mapped to reflectance spectra via a flexible function combining linear and non-linear mixing. Due to the probabilistic formulation of the GSM, spectral variability is also estimated by a precision parameter describing the distribution of observed spectra. Model parameters are determined using a generalized expectation-maximization algorithm. In the event of purely linear mixing, non-linear contributions are naturally driven to zero. The GSM outperforms three varieties of non-negative matrix factorization for both endmember extraction accuracy and abundance estimation on a synthetic data set of linearly mixed spectra from the USGS spectral library. In a second experiment, the GSM is applied to real hyperspectral imagery captured over a pond in North Texas. The model is able to accurately identify spectral signatures corresponding to near-shore algae, water, and rhodmaine tracer dye introduced into the pond to simulate water contamination by a localized source. Abundance maps generated using the GSM accurately track evolution of the dye plume as it mixes into the surrounding water.
Alloantibody Identification: The Importance of Temperature, Strength Reaction and Enzymes—A Pratical Approach
Authors: Manduzio Palma
Published: October 2024

Red blood cell (RBC) alloimmunization and antibodies formation against non-self-antigen on red cells may occur after blood transfusion, pregnancies or other exposures. The RBC alloimmunization rates varies from 2% to 6% according to recent studies. The antibody screen is performed to identify or confirm the presence of antibodies in patient’s serum or plasma, as a preoperative or pretransfusion tests. The antibody identification process and major crossmatch are provided to improve the safety of red blood transfusion administration. I report three examples associated with clinically significant single and multiple alloantibodies. Ultimately, I summarize key points for a clinical transfusion practice.
Approach to TimeGAN-Enhanced Spatio-Temporal Data Mining for Decoupling Fossil Energy Consumption and Economic Development
Authors: Xin Lei , Li Fei , Chen Leer , Jiangzhou Yuqian , Wu Yueyang , Dong Suocheng
Published: October 2024

In recent years, with the increasing impact of climate change, achieving the "dual carbon" goal has become increasingly urgent. Fossil fuel consumption is one of the main sources of carbon emissions and is closely related to economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to decouple economic growth from fossil fuel consumption as soon as possible. However, the small sample defect in fossil energy consumption panel data has caused great difficulties for machine learning algorithms. To address this defect, this study uses TimeGAN for data augmentation and compares the performance of six regression analysis methods (XGBoost, CatBoost, LGBM, KNN, linear regression, decision tree) in predicting fossil energy consumption. In addition, feature importance and SHAP are used simultaneously to explore the main driving factors of fossil energy consumption. The research results show that the decoupling index of most provinces fluctuated relatively little from 2011 to 2018. Compared to other machine learning algorithms, XGBoost and CatBoost perform better in predicting fossil energy consumption. Finally, based on two interpretable analysis methods, we found that population has the most significant impact on fossil energy consumption, followed by GDP, and urbanization rate is the least important. The research results provide important information for formulating energy sustainable development strategies and further discuss energy-saving solutions based on data methods.
Fractal Geometry in Vertebrate Respiratory Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Branching Patterns Across Species
Authors: Montgomery Richard
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the application of fractal geometry to the analysis of vertebrate respiratory systems, focusing on the branching patterns of the bronchial tree across diverse species. Using a combination of mathematical modeling and computational visualization, we explore how fractal dimensions and branching characteristics reflect evolutionary adaptations to various habitats and physiological demands. The research encompasses a range of vertebrates, including humans, horses, dolphins, chickens, iguanas, and bullfrogs, representing diverse taxonomic groups and ecological niches. Our analysis reveals a clear gradient of complexity in respiratory structures, correlating strongly with metabolic rates and environmental adaptations. Mammals, particularly those adapted for high-performance activities like horses, demonstrate the most complex fractal patterns, indicating highly efficient gas exchange systems. In contrast, ectothermic species such as iguanas and bullfrogs exhibit simpler structures, reflecting their lower metabolic demands and alternative respiratory strategies. The study employs fractal dimension calculations, L-system modeling, and lacunarity analysis to quantify and visualize these differences. Our findings suggest that fractal analysis provides valuable insights into the relationship between form and function in vertebrate respiratory systems, offering a novel perspective on comparative physiology and evolutionary biology. This research not only enhances our understanding of respiratory system evolution but also has potential applications in biomimetic design, medical diagnostics, and ecological physiology. It demonstrates the power of interdisciplinary approaches, combining advanced mathematics with biological principles to uncover fundamental patterns in nature.
Combined Transcriptome and Metabolome Analysis of Chicken Follicles in China Tengchong Snow Chicken Follicle Selection
Authors: Du Yanli , Zi Xiannian , Wang Kun , Ran Jinshan , Liu Yong
Published: October 2024

The development of pre-hierarchical follicle (PHF), especially small yellow follicles (SYFs), directly affects the recruitment of dominant follicles and thus affects the egg-laying performance of chickens. However, the development of PHF, especially the development of SYF, and its regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Therefore, we performed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses of large white follicles (LWFs) and SYFs in chickens. Transcriptome sequencing revealed 258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SYF and LWF, of which 172 were upregulated and 86 were downregulated. The DEGs were mapped to 17 KEGG pathways, mainly the gap junction, calcium signaling, and neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathways. The results of the metabolome analysis revealed 129 significant differential metabolites (DMs), including 36 upregulated DMs and 93 downregulated DMs. The DMs were mapped to 9 KEGG pathways for follicle tissue, which included mainly glutathione metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism, etc. The combined transcriptional and metabolic analysis revealed significantly enriched pathways, and four metabolically related pathways, including glutathione metabolism, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, linoleic acid metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism, were identified. Glutathione metabolism is a critical signaling pathway that may affect ovarian follicle development to regulate the SYF reserve process in chickens. These results can act as a reference for improving the egg-laying performance of Tengchong snow chickens.
The Impact of EMI Dependency on Household Financial Stability in India: A Risk Analysis in the Face of Global Economic Uncertainty
Authors: Kavya Amaya , Yadav Seema
Published: October 2024

India’s increasing reliance on equated monthly installments (EMIs) has reshaped household financial behavior in ways that pose significant risks to long-term economic stability. This paper examines the growing trend of EMI-driven debt accumulation, highlighting its detrimental effect on household savings and the rising financial vulnerability across demographic groups. Leveraging data from the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), CRISIL, and the National Statistical Office (NSO), the study delves into how debt dynamics are shifting within Indian households, particularly in the context of broader economic trends. Retail credit has expanded rapidly, growing from 12.1% of GDP in 2017 to 19.4% by 2023, with housing loans now making up nearly half of all retail loans. Concurrently, the growth of unsecured loans, such as credit card debt, has surged at an annual rate of 21.3% between 2021 and 2024, reflecting the increasing ease of borrowing for consumers. However, this boom in credit has coincided with a marked drop in household financial savings, which fell to a 47-year low of 5.3% in FY22, underscoring a troubling shift from saving to borrowing. The younger population, particularly those under 35, have been the most active in taking on debt, with loans to this group nearly doubling between 2015 and 2021 due to the rise of fintech platforms and non-banking financial companies. This shift has contributed to a steep rise in debt-service-to-income ratios, amplifying the financial risks for these households in the face of potential economic shocks. By connecting these micro-level household debt trends to broader macroeconomic risks, this paper reveals how India’s EMI culture could deepen the impact of future financial crises, leading to widespread defaults and destabilizing the economy. The study calls for proactive regulatory measures and enhanced financial literacy programs to curb the growing reliance on consumer credit and mitigate the risks of a broader financial collapse.
ROS 2 Key Challenges and Advances: A Survey of ROS 2 Research, Libraries, and Applications
Authors: Al-Batati Abdulrahman S. , Koubaa Anis , Abdelkader Mohamed
Published: October 2024

This study presents a comprehensive systematic review that addresses the critical transi- 1
tion from ROS 1 to ROS 2, spotlighting the significant enhancements and the pressing need for a 2
detailed exploration of ROS 2 within the robotics community. Despite the extensive deployment 3
and adaptations of ROS in varied robotics applications, literature lacks a cohesive synthesis that 4
delineates the advancements, limitations, and broader impacts of ROS 2 compared to its predecessor, 5
ROS 1. Our contribution bridges this gap by assembling the largest database of ROS-related research, 6
encompassing 7,498 articles, with a focused analysis in this survey on 431 ROS2-specific publications. 7
We categorize these into i.) articles that discuss and analyze core ROS 2 concepts, ii.) articles that 8
propose frameworks or tools for ROS 2, and iii.) articles utilizing ROS 2. Furthermore, we summarize 9
literature findings of ROS 2 challenges, advancements, and future direction in the fields of a.) security, 10
b.) real-time, c.) middleware, d.) embedded and distributed systems, e.) communication reliability 11
and QoS, and f.) multi-robot systems. The methodology involved meticulous data collection and 12
categorization from multiple databases, facilitating an in-depth online accessible resource. Results 13
underscore ROS2’s enhancements in modularity, real-time capabilities, and security, extending its 14
applicability across various robotic platforms and industries. However, challenges in scalability and 15
reliability persist, signaling avenues for future enhancements. This review not only deepens the 16
understanding of ROS2’s contributions but also charts a path for ongoing improvements in robotic 17
systems design.
Endophytic Colonization of Beauveria bassiana Enhances Drought Stress Tolerance in Tomato via the “Water Spender” Pathway
Authors: Guo Wenbo , Lu Yang , Du Song , Li Qiyun , Zou Xiaowei , Zhang Zhengkun , Sui Li
Published: October 2024

Drought stress is one of the most important climate-related factors affecting crop production. Tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are economically important crop which are highly sensitive to drought. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is a widely used biological insecticide,which can form symbiotic relationships with plants via endophytic colonization, increasing plant biomass and the ability to resist biotic stress. An increase in the water absorption capacity and relative water content of tomato roots as well as the number, length, and width of tomato leaves stomata were observed after B. bassiana colonization via root irrigation. Meanwhile, peroxidase activity and proline content increased significantly, while malondialdehyde reduced significantly. Expression levels of key genes related to stomatal development, as well as drought tolerance pathways such as jasmonic acid, ascorbate peroxidase, redox homeostasis, nitrogen metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, and fatty acid biosynthesis also increased significantly. These results indicate that colonization of B. bassiana enhances the water absorption capacity of tomato seedlings as well as the rate of transpiration via increase the number and size of stomata and improved drought tolerance in tomato seedlings significantly and increases drought tolerance in tomato via the “water spender” pathway, which provide a new strategy for improving crop resistance to drought stress.
Overview of Technologies for Solar Refrigeration Systems and Heat Storage: The Use of Computational Fluid Dynamics for the Analysis of Their Energy Efficiency
Authors: Janus Jakub , Filipowska Monika , Jabłoński Hubert , Wieliński Mateusz , Sornek Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

The article reviews selected solar systems that utilize solar energy for cooling production. Particular attention is given to research on individual components of these systems, aimed at improving their efficiency and performance. The article focuses on the analysis of literature concerning the design of thermal storage units, with an emphasis on the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a research tool. Conclusions from scientists’ research regarding the impact of tank shape, thermal insulation, flow parameters, and the use of stratification partitions on heat storage efficiency have been presented. The literature review indicates that thermal storage units play a key role in the efficiency of solar systems, and thermal stratification within them can significantly improve their performance.
Exploring the Heat Mitigation Effects of Urban Climate Adaptation Facilities
Authors: Kwon Tae Kyung , Kim Tae Hyoung , Lim Young-Shin
Published: October 2024

Urban heat islands (UHI), exacerbated by climate change, significantly increase heat stress, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as the elderly and children. This study evaluates the effectiveness of various urban heat mitigation technologies, including cooling fog systems, cool roofs (reflective paint), shading structures, and small water paths, in reducing temperatures and enhancing thermal comfort. Field tests were conducted from 2021 to 2023 across Gimhae-si, Yechun-gun, Geyang-gu, and Sangju-si, with support from the Korean Ministry of Environment. Results demonstrated that cooling fog systems provided immediate temperature reductions, lowering ambient temperatures by up to 3.1°C, while cool roofs reduced surface temperatures by 2-3°C. Shading structures reduced surface temperatures by up to 10°C, and small water paths cooled air temperatures by up to 1.5°C, also increasing humidity and improving thermal comfort. The findings suggest that a combination of these technologies can effectively mitigate urban heat stress, especially in areas with vulnerable populations.
DETF-Net: Retinal Vessel Segmentation Network Based on Detail Feature Enhancement and Dynamic Temporal Fusion
Authors: Liu Guiran , Zhu Binrong
Published: October 2024

Fundus vascular images are essential for diagnosing various ophthalmic diseases. With deep learning and image processing development, fundus image segmentation methods based on computer vision have become more common. However, the UNet model faces challenges such as the loss of spatial resolution during downsampling and difficulties in simultaneously capturing global context and local details, especially for small objects and complex boundaries. We propose the Detail Enhanced Temporal Fusion Network (DETF-Net) to overcome these issues. This network incorporates a detail feature enhancement module (DFEM) to preserve boundary features and a dynamic temporal fusion module (DTFM) to improve robustness across different scales. The DFEM uses median pooling, spatial attention, and hybrid convolution to retain detail, while the DTFM extracts local and global features and adapts to dynamic changes in blood vessel structures. Evaluation on DRIVE, CHASE_DB1, and STARE datasets shows that DETF-Net achieves accuracy of 0.9865, 0.9877, and 0.9878, and specificity of 0.9865, 0.9870, and 0.9875, respectively, outperforming existing models. These results demonstrate DETF-Net's effectiveness in fundus image segmentation.
Evaluation of Serological Tests on Different Disease Stages of Leptospirosis Infection in Humans
Authors: Rodríguez-Rodriguez Virginia C , Castro Ana Maria , Soto-Florez Ronald , Urango-Gallego Luis , Calderon-Rangel Alfonso , Agudelo-Flórez Piedad , Monroy Fernando P
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: Leptospirosis is a globally distributed zoonosis with symptomatology similar to other febrile syndromes in tropical countries, making clinical diagnosis difficult. This study aimed to analyze the performance and agreement between serological diagnostic tests for the detection of acute and convalescent human leptospirosis compared to the micro agglutination test (MAT) in an endemic region of the Colombian Caribbean. Methods: A prospective descriptive study was conducted on 275 patients with suspected leptospirosis. Paired serum samples were collected, and an epidemiological survey completed. Positive and negative predictive values, sensitivity, specificity, and kappa index were calculated using MAT as the gold standard. A Bayesian latent class model was used to compare the diagnostic tests. Results: In 223 paired serum samples, the sensitivity values for different stages of the disease varied between 10.8% to 54.1% in the acute and 6.1% to 66.7% in the convalescent phase when compared to MAT; and when using the Bayesian model 9.5% to 75.3% in the acute and 5.7% to 85.3% in the convalescent phase. The Kappa value, an indicator of agreement, was moderate for the IgM ELISA (0.553) in the acute phase, and substantial (0.692) in the convalescent phase. Conclusions: MAT was the best confirmatory test in both acute and convalescent phases. Despite the high specificity of ELISA, 21.62% of patients diagnosed as negative by IgM-ELISA in the acute and convalescent phases were confirmed as positive by MAT. It is necessary to re-evaluate diagnostic guidelines that do not employ MAT for confirmation, and to strengthen diagnostic and clinical identification of leptospirosis in healthcare institutions and public health laboratories, while providing a rapid and reliable test for its implementation.
Pancreatic Morphology, Immunology and the Pathogenesis of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Mihoc Tudorel , Latcu Silviu Constantin , Secasan Cosmin-Ciprian , Dema Vlad , Cumpanas Alin Adrian , Selaru Mircea , Pirvu Catalin Alexandru , Valceanu Andrei Paul , Zara Flavia , Dumitru Cristina-Stefania , Novacescu Dorin , Pantea Stelian
Published: October 2024

Acute pancreatitis is a complex inflammatory disorder with significant morbidity and mortality. This review aims to integrate current knowledge of pancreatic morphology and immunology with the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis, providing a comprehensive understanding of this critical condition. We conducted an extensive literature review, synthesizing data from recent studies and authoritative sources on pancreatic anatomy, histology, immunology, and the pathophysiology of acute pancreatitis. We also incorporated epidemiological data, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, and prognostic factors. The pancreas exhibits a complex morphology with intricate interactions between its exocrine and endocrine components. Its unique immunological landscape plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and orchestrating responses to pathological conditions. In acute pancreatitis, disruption of intracellular calcium signaling leads to premature enzyme activation, triggering a cascade of events including mitochondrial dysfunction, ATP depletion, and release of pro-inflammatory mediators. This process can escalate from localized inflammation to systemic complications. The interplay between pancreatic morphology, immune responses, and pathophysiological mechanisms contributes to the varied clinical presentations and outcomes observed in acute pancreatitis. Understanding the intricate relationships between pancreatic morphology, immunology, and the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis is crucial for developing more effective diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This integrated approach provides new insights into the complex nature of acute pancreatitis and may guide future research directions in pancreatic disorders.
Assessment of Solar Energy Generation Toward Net-Zero Energy Buildings
Authors: Khalil Rayan , Hollweg Guilherme Vieira , Hussain Akhtar , Su Wencong , Bui Van-Hai
Published: October 2024

With the continuous rise in the energy consumption of buildings, the study and integration of net-zero energy buildings (NZEBs) are essential for mitigating the harmful effects associated with this trend. However, developing an energy management system for such buildings is challenging due to uncertainties surrounding NZEBs. This paper introduces an optimization framework comprising two major stages: (i) renewable energy prediction and (ii) multi-objective optimization. A prediction model is developed to accurately forecast photovoltaic (PV) system output, while a multi-objective optimization model is designed to identify the most efficient ways to produce cooling, heating, and electricity at minimal operational cost. These two stages not only help mitigate uncertainties in NZEBs but also reduce dependence on imported power from the utility grid. Finally, to facilitate the deployment of the proposed framework, a graphical user interface (GUI) has been developed, providing a user-friendly environment for building operators to determine optimal scheduling and oversee the entire system.
Microclimate of the Natural History Museum, Vienna
Authors: Brimblecombe Peter , Bibl Alexander , Fischer Christian , Pristacz Helmut , Querner Pascal
Published: October 2024

Climate change increases the importance of maintaining environmental conditions suitable for preventive conservation within museums. The microclimates at the Natural History Museum of Vienna, a large national collection housed within a classical building, were studied using >200 data loggers placed out from mid-2021 to provide thermo-hygrometric measurements at 15-minute intervals. Daily mean temperatures showed exhibition halls typically the warmest rooms; well heated in winter and with open windows on summer days. They may become even hotter than the outside temperature. In winter, most areas of the museum are very dry, as heating lowers the relative humidity, typically to 25–35% for the coldest season. Opening hours impose daily and weekly cycles on internal climate. There was little difference between sunny and shaded parts of the building or adjacent offices, corridors and depots. Similarly, the micro-climate at the floor resembled that of the room air at ~2 m elevation. Mechanically controlled climates in cold storage areas maintain 10 °C and relative humidity ~50%, but this has become increasingly difficult in hot summers. While there is little apparent damage to the collection, at times the museum can have an extreme indoor climate: very hot in the summer and dry in the winter.
Fetal Tele-Echocardiography – An Approach to Improving Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Ahmed Badreldeen , Elsisi Amal Elsisi , Konje Justin C
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Antenatal diagnosis of cardiac abnormalities and counselling parents about postnatal care requires a multidisciplinary team which includes a paediatric cardiologist a neonatologist and a fetal medicine physician. Some of this expertise is not available in all centres with fetal medicine expertise, however with modern technology, this could be provided remotely. Our objective was to assess the feasibility and outcomes of a pre-natal multidisciplinary tele-echocardiography diagnostic and counselling services
Materials and Methods: Two centres based in separate countries provided a joint diagnostic and counselling service over a period of 14 months. The primary centre undertook the fetal echocardiography with a Voluson E10 machine and images transmitted live using Zoom OPS system with video-consultation and counselling. The fetal echo was performed using the ISUOG Guidelines check list.
Results: There was an initial feasibility period of 2 months during which 10 women whose fetuses had normal hearts were scanned to test the workability of the system. Over a period of 12 months, 513 high risk fetuses were then scanned and out of these 27 had congenital malformations. The most common were hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HHLS) and atrio-ventricular septal defect. Tele-echocardiography and counselling was successful in all the cases. Satisfaction with the service was 3.8/4 with the main limitation being the need for further referral to a tertiary centre for delivery.
Conclusion: Tele-echocardiography is reliable and when combined with live counselling and support from a paediatric cardiologist, is an option acceptable to patients. The greatest benefit was from being counselled by a team of experts at a single consultation rather than having to travel to another centre for consultation. With rapidly evolving technology, making video transmission easier and less expensive, we feel that consideration should be given not only to the development of tele-echocardiography but extended to other aspects of fetal medicine.
Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Different Types of Waste Plastics for Rigid Pavement
Authors: Mashaan Nuha S , Ouano Cherrie Ann
Published: October 2024

The increasing demand for sustainable construction practices has prompted the exploration of innovative materials, such as waste plastics, to enhance both environmental and mechanical performance in concrete, particularly for rigid pavements. This review investigates the mechan-ical properties of concrete incorporating four types of waste plastics—High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE), Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), and Polypropylene (PP). The primary focus is on how these materials affect key mechanical properties, including com-pressive strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength. The analysis reveals that HDPE and PP, at optimal levels (5-10%), can enhance flexural and crack resistance, making them suitable for non-structural applications. Conversely, LDPE and PVC tend to reduce both compressive and tensile strengths at higher substitution levels due to poor bonding with cementitious materials. Despite these challenges, incorporating waste plastics into concrete presents significant envi-ronmental and economic benefits, including plastic waste reduction and lower reliance on natural aggregates. The review also highlights the need for further research on improving plastic-cement bonding through surface treatments and hybrid mix designs. This paper contributes to the growing body of knowledge aimed at promoting the use of waste plastics in concrete, offering insights for the development of sustainable, high-performance construction materials.
Social Acceptance Among Children with Learning Difficulties
Authors: Ainin Ima Kurrotun , Tabrin Nita Nitiya Intan
Published: October 2024

This study explores social acceptance among children with general learning difficulties/children with special needs (CSN) using a qualitative approach involving structured interviews with 144 students and in-depth interviews with three teachers. The research highlights the social dynamics of CSN inclusion, emphasizing the importance of a supportive environment, positive teacher attitudes, and peer education programs in promoting social integration. Findings show that students, particularly females at the junior high level, generally hold positive attitudes towards CSN. At the same time, concerns over emotional behaviors like tantrums create interaction challenges, especially among elementary school boys. Teachers ensure equal participation for CSN through individualized support, inclusive activities, and peer support systems. This study's originality lies in its comprehensive exploration of peer attitudes across educational levels. It offers insights into gender differences, behavioral challenges, and the teacher's role in promoting inclusive education through adaptive teaching methods and social support.
A Novel NIPBL Variant Causes Cornelia de Lange Syndrome with horseshoe kidney and renal insufficiency: case report and literature review
Authors: Yuan Han , Fei Zhao , Chunhua Zhu
Published: October 2024

Background: Renal involvement is rare reported in Cornelia de Lange Syndrome (CdLS). Herein, we present one male boy who is diagnosed as CdLS that have renal involvement with findings related to the novel NIPBL variant.
Case presentation: ﻿One male boy was referred to our department because of short stature. He had synophrys with arched and thick eyebrows, long eyelashes, long philtrum. He also had short digits of the thumbs and fifth digits. ﻿Renal sonography showed ﻿horseshoe kidney. The latest serum creatine was elevated to 64.8umol/L, and eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate) was decreased to 76.62 ml/[min·(1.73 m2)] (height=136cm). Then whole-exome sequencing showed a de novo frameshift variant of NIPBL gene (NM_133433.4: exon 47，c.8325_8326delAA，p.K2775Nfs*7) in our patient. He was diagnosed as Cornelia de Lange Syndrome.
Conclusions: We described a novel frameshift NIPBL variant that causes non-classical CdLS with horseshoe kidney and renal insufficiency. Malformation of the kidney and urinary tract may also have major clinical implications for the diagnosis and genotype–phenotype correlation of NIPBL need further investigation. ﻿
Smart Buildings: Pioneering Solutions for Climate Change Mitigation
Authors: Ale Taiwo
Published: October 2024

The increase in the demand for buildings to cater to the rising population and urbanization has contributed to extreme climate change due to the continuous emission of greenhouse gases during the construction and operational stages of the building. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the potential of smart buildings as a tool for combating climate change and mitigating its adverse impacts on the environment. A mixed-methods approach of case studies, interview guides, and questionnaires were used for this study. Seven smart buildings, including both commercial and residential structures from different countries, were selected using a predefined checklist for detailed examination. Semi-structured interviews and questionnaires were conducted and administered to the building industry and energy management professionals to understand how smart buildings help mitigate climate change. The study found that smart buildings contribute to climate change mitigation not only through reduced energy consumption but also by addressing waste reduction, water conservation, and biodiversity. The findings also indicate that engaging occupants in energy-saving practices and educating them about energy usage is essential for achieving sustainability. However, the complexity, security concerns, and high costs of smart building technologies hinder their acceptance and construction. Despite these challenges, smart buildings are vital for climate mitigation. Further research is needed to explore factors influencing user acceptance of smart technologies, including psychological, social, and cultural aspects.
Retroperitoneal leiomyoma: case report of a rare case of multiple retroperitoneal leiomyomas
Authors: Rabattu Agathe , Magdelyns Manon , Danon Alix , Buxant Frédéric
Published: October 2024

Background: Uterine leiomyomas represent the most prevalent benign solid pelvic tumors observed in women. Their primary location is within the uterus; however, they can occasionally occur in uncommon sites, although their presence in the retroperitoneum is extremely rare. Due to their rarity in the retroperitoneum, where most tumors are malignant, establishing a preoperative diagnosis is often challenging. Clinical presentation tends to be nonspecific. Radiological examinations can reveal the presence of a retroperitoneal tumor, but the imaging findings lack specificity. Therefore, the definitive diagnosis typically requires histopathological examination.
Case presentation : We report here a case of multiple retroperitoneal leiomyomas diagnosed after a laparoscopic exploration in a 30-year-old poorly symptomatic patient, who had a previous history of an open myomectomy in 2012. We review the difficulties encountered for diagnosis and different treatment options.
Conclusion
Retroperitoneal leiomyoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis of retroperitoneal masses in women with previous history of leiomyoma removal or hysterectomy.
Comparative Efficacy of 3% Diquafosol Sodium Eye Drops in Dry Eye Patients Across Age Groups: a Propensity Score-Matched Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dong Yi , Li Zecheng , Chen Luxia
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in treating dry eye disease (DED) across different age groups using a propensity score-matched longitudinal design. Participants were divided into younger (< 40 years) and older (≥ 40 years) groups. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed at 1:1 ratio, ensuring comparable baseline characteristics. All participants received 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops, administered six times daily for 3 months. Clinical metrics, including Dry Eye Questionnaire Score (DEQS), Fluorescein Break-Up Time (FBUT), Tear Meniscus Height (TMH), Schirmer I, Lipid Layer Thickness, Logarithm of the Minimum Angle of Resolution, Intraocular Pressure, and Meibomian Gland Loss Area, were assessed at baseline (V1), 1 month (V2), and 3 months (V3). Of the 100 DED participants, 97 completed the study. Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between groups post-PSM. Metrics between groups at V2 and V3 did not differ significantly. Longitudinal mixed-effects models demonstrated significant improvements in DEQS, FBUT, and TMH over time in both groups. Diquafosol sodium eye drops (3%) effectively improved DED symptoms across groups, suggesting that age does not significantly affect diquafosol’s efficacy, thereby supporting its use in a broad demographic of patients with DED.
Poor diagnostic performance of the melanin-binding tracer [18F]MEL050 in human melanoma indicates biological heterogeneity
Authors: Ware Robert Edward , Kee Damien , Roselt Peter , Greguric Ivan , Katsifis Andrew , Bourdier Thomas , Noonan Wayne , Murray William , Mitchell Catherine , Downes Marnie , Shackelton Mark , McArthur Grant A , Hicks Rodney John
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Malignant melanoma is a highly lethal malignancy typically characterized by the expression of melanin, which is an attractive diagnostic and therapeutic target in these cancers because it is expressed in few other tissues. Following preclinical evaluation of the melanin-targeting PET tracer, [18F]-6-fluoro- N-[2-(diethylamino)ethyl] pyridine-3-carboxamide (MEL050), we sought to evaluate this agent in patients with melanoma.
Method
A phase I clinical trial was performed in ten patients with metastatic melanoma. Safety, dosimetry and diagnostic performance of intravenously administered MEL050 were evaluated. Based on results from this trial, we further assessed the prevalence and prognostic significance of loss of melanin expression in two historical patient cohorts for which there was matching histological and clinical outcome data.
Results
Across the trial cohort, no adverse safety signals resulted from MEL050 administration. The whole-body effective dose was 0.0163 mSV/MBq for an adult male and 0.0206 mSV/MBq for an adult female. The human biodistribution was favorable with low uptake in organs at high risk of metastatic spread, including the brain. Of metastatic sites identified as melanoma on FDG PET/CT, only 31/65 (48%) were positive on MEL050 PET. Four FDG + MEL050 + metastases were resected from three patients and found to be melanotic by histological examination, whereas five FDG + MEL050- metastases from two patients were amelanotic. In historical cohorts, amelanosis was more common in metastatic than primary disease (45% versus 20%) and the presence of melanin within sentinel lymph node metastases was associated with worse disease-free (HR 2.3 95% CI 1.3–4.3, p = 0.002) and disease-specific survivals (HR 3.6, 95% CI 1.4–9.7,p = 0.009) in stage III disease, compared with amelanotic sentinel lymph node metastases.
Conclusion
Our results warrant caution in the use of melanin-targeted agents for diagnosis and therapy of melanoma but further assessment of their utility as prognostic or predictive imaging biomarkers is required.
Cumulative abdominal obesity exposure and risk of endometrial cancer in young women: a population-based cohort study
Authors: LEE MINKYUNG , Heo Jung , Ahn Jiyeon , Han Kyung Do , Lee Yeon Jee , Song Yong Sang , Sohn Seo-Young , Lee Jae-Hyuk
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND
Abdominal obesity is currently being investigated as an indicator of adiposity and cancer risk, and its prevalence is increasing in young women. This study aimed to examine whether cumulative abdominal obesity exposure in young women was associated with the development of endometrial cancer.
METHODS
We used data from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service for women aged 20–39 years who had completed four consecutive annual health examinations between 2009 and 2015 and had no history of cancer at baseline. Participants were categorized into five groups based on the number of abdominal obesity exposures (waist circumference ≥ 85 cm). Exposure numbers ranged from 0 to 4, indicating the frequency of abdominal obesity across the four health examinations over 4 years. The primary outcome was newly diagnosed endometrial cancer during a follow-up period of 7.12 years.
RESULTS
Among the 445,791 young women (mean [SD] age 30.82 [4.55] years), 302 (mean [SD], 32.79 [4.53] years) developed endometrial cancer. The cumulative incidence of endometrial cancer differed significantly according to the number of abdominal obesity exposures (log-rank test, P < .001). The incidence of endometrial cancer has progressively increased with abdominal obesity exposure. The multivariable-adjusted HRs for incident endometrial cancer were 1.480 (95% CI, 0.970–2.258), 2.361 (95% CI, 1.391–4.008), 4.114 (95% CI, 2.546–6.647), and 6.215 (95% CI, 4.250–9.088) for participants with exposure numbers of 1–4, respectively, compared with those with an exposure number of 0.
CONCLUSION
In this population-based nationwide cohort study of young women, we observed a progressive increase in the risk of endometrial cancer with cumulative abdominal obesity exposure.
Comparison of utilizing a hypertonic saline solution and mannitol to improve brain relaxation during craniotomy in patients with brain tumours: A prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thongrong Cattleya , Tangphikunatam Worapoom , Kasemsiri Pornthep , Duangthongphon Pichayen , Kitkhuandee Amnat , Plailahan Narin , Kittiponghansa Apinya , Sripadung Darunee , Somjit Monsicha , Sabangban Lumyai , Jimarsa Thirada
Published: October 2024

Hyperosmolar therapy, specifically the use of mannitol, has been employed to improve brain relaxation, but mannitol use may affect hypovolemia and electrolyte imbalance. Given these risks, hypertonic saline was introduced as an alternative option; however, data on its efficacy and safety is unavailable. Researchers conducted a prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial. Sixty-six patients with supratentorial or posterior fossa brain tumours undergoing a craniotomy to remove the tumour were randomized into two groups. Group M received 20% mannitol at a dose of 3 ml/kg, and Group H received 3% hypertonic saline at the same dose. These solutions were administered before dural opening. The masked neurosurgeon immediately assessed the four-point brain relaxation score by direct visuality and tactile assessment after the dural opening. Both groups did not have significantly different brain relaxation scores (p value = 0.543). There was no significant difference in haemodynamic change, fluid replacement or serum osmolarity between the groups; however, urine output was greater in the mannitol group (p value = 0.003). Additionally, the postoperative neurological outcomes and one-month mortality rates were similar between the two groups. These findings suggest a 3% hypertonic saline can be considered an alternative to mannitol for improving brain relaxation during craniotomy, as it is equally effective with less urine output.
Abdominal Epilepsy：a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Zhang Ying , An Ying , Qi Jialong , Song Zhengji
Published: October 2024

Background
Abdominal epilepsy (AE) is a rare and often underrecognized form of epilepsy, characterized by paroxysmal abdominal pain accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) disturbances. The diverse clinical manifestations of AE frequently pose diagnostic challenges, leading to delays in definitive diagnosis.
Case Presentation:
We present two cases: a 28-year-old male (symptoms began at 18 years old) and a 55-year-old female (symptoms began at 8 years old), both with a decade-long history of intermittent abdominal pain and syncope. Despite multiple consultations and extensive evaluations, a definitive diagnosis was not reached until electroencephalography (EEG) identified characteristic epileptiform abnormalities.
Conclusion
These cases highlight the importance of considering AE as a potential diagnosis in patients, particularly children, with unexplained abdominal pain and altered consciousness, especially after ruling out more common causes. Additionally, we summarize the potential molecular mechanisms contributing to AE development, underscoring the need for heightened clinical awareness and further research.