bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF ADDRESS TERMS IN JUSTICE LEAGUE MOVIE
Authors: Ventalia Fitri , Jusmaya Ance
Published: November 2020

The aim of this research was to analyze the type and reason of address terms in WhatsApp group of Putera Batam University Justice League (2017) movie. This research is descriptive qualitative research. The research used observational method non-participatory technique to collect the data. The data was analyzed by applying the theory of Wardaugh (2010). The results found that the type of address terms were 8 data in first name (FN) in Man, Alfred, Diana, Barry, Howard, Silas, Bruce, Victor, 2 data in last name (LN) in Allen, Lane, 2 data in title (T) in Queen, Soldiers, 1 data in title plus last name (TLN) in Ms. Prince, 4 data in pet name (PN) in Aquaman, Batman, Cyborg, Superman and 3 data in kinship term (KT) in Dad, Mother, Child. The research also found the reasons of address term with 12 data in intimacy in Ma, Children, Diana, Man, Victor, Arthur, Barry, Alfred, guys, Bruce, Mom, Superman, 5 data in power differential in Mr. Wilson, Master Wayne, ma'am, insects, Luthor and 3 data in equality in Clark, Steppenwolf and Kal-El. Based on the results, it can be concluded that first name (FN) is the most found type of address term and intimacy is the most in reason of address term.
MANGO TREE’S DESIRE IN THE STORY OF DENGAR KELUHAN POHON MANGGA: STUDY ON PSYCHOANALYSIS OF LACAN
Authors: Kasimbara Devi Cintia
Published: November 2020

Dengar Keluhan Pohon Mangga (DKPM) is the story written by Maria Amin during the Japanese colonial era. The author uses the metaphor of "mango tree" to escape Japanese censorship to be published so that there are many hidden meanings in this short story. This study aimed to determine the author's unconscious condition through the language used by using Lacan's psychoanalytic theory. This study used a qualitative research method with a poststructuralism approach using Lacan's psychoanalysis. The data source of this research is a document, namely the short story DKPM by Maria Amin. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. In this study, the data were obtained through document analysis, and then the data were analyzed according to Lacan's psychoanalytic theory, which begins by describing the life of the author - in this case, is Maria Amin - to understand his work. After that, he explained the characters of the characters in the DKPM short stories. Furthermore, the analysis was focused on the short stories' language, which can be seen through the metaphor and metonymy phenomena in this short story. In this way, it will be seen how the author's subconscious is filled with a sense of lack and loss, so that the desire to cover up the deficiency appears. The results showed that the short story DKPM is a short story that reflects the writer's unconscious condition. It can be seen in the short stories he wrote that the Indonesian nation was expressed metaphorically by using the word "mango tree", the Japanese nation as "areca tree", and the Dutch nation as "the man". In this short story, the mango tree (the Indonesian nation) is on lacks condition. So that there is a desire to gain recognition for its existence as a subject.
Development of Resistance in Escherichia coli ATCC25922 under Exposure of Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Olaquindox
Authors: Gu Yufeng , Wang Shuge , Huang Lulu , Sa Wei , Li Jun , Huang Junhong , Dai Menghong , Cheng Guyue
Published: November 2020

Quinoxaline1,4-di-N-oxides (QdNOs) are a class of important antibacterial drugs of veterinary use, of which the drug resistance mechanism has not yet been clearly explained. This study investigated the molecular mechanism of development of resistance in Escherichia coli (E. coli) under the pressure of sub-inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of olaquindox (OLA), a representative QdNOs drug. In vitro challenge of E. coli with 1/100× MIC to 1/2× MIC of OLA showed that the bacteria needed a longer time to develop resistance and could only achieve low to moderate levels of resistance as well as form weak biofilms. The transcriptomic and genomic profiles of the resistant E. coli induced by sub-MIC of OLA demonstrated that genes involved in tricarboxylic acid cycle, oxidation-reduction process, biofilm formation, and efflux pumps were up-regulated, while genes involved in DNA repair and outer membrane porin were down-regulated. Mutation rates were significantly increased in the sub-MIC OLA-treated bacteria and the mutated genes were mainly involved in the oxidation-reduction process, DNA repair, and replication. The SNPs were found in degQ, ks71A, vgrG, bigA, cusA, and DR76-4702 genes, which were covered in both transcriptomic and genomic profiles. This study provides new insights into the resistance mechanism of QdNOs and increases the current data pertaining to the development of bacterial resistance under the stress of antibacterials at sub-MIC concentrations.
Correlating Grip Force Signals from Multiple Sensors Highlights Prehensile Control Strategies in a Complex Task-User System
Authors: Dresp-Langley Birgitta , Nageotte Florent , Zanne Philippe , Mathelin Michel de
Published: November 2020

Wearable sensor systems with transmitting capabilities are currently employed for the biometric screening of exercise activities and other performance data. Such technology is generally wireless and enables the non-invasive monitoring of signals to track and trace user behaviors in real time. Examples include signals relative to hand and finger movements or force control reflected by individual grip force data. As will be shown here, these signals directly translate into task, skill, and hand-specific (dominant versus non-dominant hand) grip force profiles for different measurement loci in the fingers and palm of the hand. The present study draws from thousands of such sensor data recorded from multiple spatial locations. The individual grip force profiles of a highly proficient left-hander (expert), a right-handed dominant-hand-trained user, and a right-handed novice performing an image-guided, robot-assisted precision task with the dominant or the non-dominant hand are analyzed. The step-by-step statistical approach follows Tukey’s “detective work” principle, guided by explicit functional assumptions relating to somatosensory receptive field organization in the human brain. Correlation analyses (Person’s product moment) reveal skill-specific differences in co-variation patterns in the individual grip force profiles. These can be functionally mapped to from-global-to-local coding principles in the brain networks that govern grip force control and its optimization with a specific task expertise. Implications for the real-time monitoring of grip forces and performance training in complex task-user systems are brought forward.
Induction of Durable Antitumor Response by a Novel Oncolytic Herpesvirus Expressing Multiple Immunomodulatory Transgenes
Authors: Chouljenko Dmitry V. , Ding Jun , Lee I-Fang , Murad Yanal M. , Bu Xuexian , Liu Guoyu , Delwar Zahid , Sun Yi , Yu Sheng , Samudio Ismael , Zhao Ronghua , Jia William Wei-Guo
Published: November 2020

Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising new tool for cancer treatment, but direct lytic destruction of tumor cells is not sufficient and must be accompanied by strong immune activation to elicit anti-tumor immunity. We report here the creation of a novel replication-competent recombinant oncolytic herpes simplex virus type 1 (VG161) that carries genes coding for IL-12, IL-15, and IL-15 receptor alpha subunit, along with a peptide fusion protein capable of disrupting PD-1/PD-L1 interactions. The VG161 virus replicates efficiently and exhibits robust cytotoxicity in multiple tumor cell lines. Moreover, the encoded cytokines and the PD-L1 blocking peptide work cooperatively to boost immune cell function. In vivo testing in syngeneic CT26 and A20 tumor models reveals superior efficacy when compared to a backbone virus that does not express exogenous genes. Intratumoral injection of VG161 induces abscopal responses in non-injected distal tumors and grants resistance to tumor re-challenge. The robust anti-tumor effect of VG161 is associated with T cell and NK cell tumor infiltration, expression of Th1 associated genes in the injection site, and increased frequency of splenic tumor-specific T cells. VG161 also displayed a superb safety profile in GLP acute and repeated injection toxicity studies performed using cynomolgus monkeys. Overall, we demonstrate that VG161 can induce robust oncolysis and stimulate a robust anti-tumor immune response without sacrificing safety.
Silymarin Inhibits Glutamate Release and Prevents against Kainic Acid-Induced Excitotoxic Injury in Rats
Authors: Lu Cheng-Wei , Lin Tzu-Yu , Chiu Kuan-Ming , Lee Ming-Yi , Huang Jih-Hsin , Wang Su-Jane
Published: November 2020

Silymarin, a polyphenoic flavonoid derived from the seeds of milk thistle (Silybum marianum), exhibits neuroprotective effects. In this study, we used a model of rat cerebrocortical synaptosomes to investigate whether silymarin affects the release of glutamate, an essential neurotransmitter involved in excitotoxicity. Its possible neuroprotective effect on a rat model of kainic acid (KA)-induced excitotoxicity was also investigated. In rat cortical synaptosomes, silymarin reduced glutamate release and calcium elevation evoked by the K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine but did not affect glutamate release caused by the Na+ channel activator veratridine or the synaptosomal membrane potential. Decreased glutamate release by silymarin was prevented by removal of extracellular calcium and blocking of N- and P/Q-type Ca2+ channel or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) but not by blocking of intracellular Ca2+ release. Immunoblotting assay results revealed that silymarin reduced 4-aminopyridine-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Moreover, systemic treatment of rats with silymarin (50 or 100 mg/kg) 30 min before systemic KA (15 mg/kg) administration attenuated KA-induced seizures, glutamate concentration elevation, neuronal damage, glial activation, and heat shock protein 70 expression as well as upregulated KA-induced decrease in Akt phosphorylation in the rat hippocampus. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that silymarin depressed synaptosomal glutamate release by suppressing voltage-dependent Ca2+ entry and ERK1/2 activity and effectively prevented KA-induced in vivo excitotoxicity.
TCox: Correlation-Based Regularization Applied to Colorectal Cancer Survival Data
Authors: Peixoto Carolina , Lopes Marta B. , Martins Marta , Costa Luís , Vinga Susana
Published: November 2020

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of mortality and morbidity in the world. Being a heterogeneous disease, cancer therapy and prognosis represent a significant challenge to medical care. The molecular information improves the accuracy with which patients are classified and treated since similar pathologies may show different clinical outcomes and other responses to treatment. However, the high dimensionality of gene expression data makes the selection of novel genes a problematic task. We propose TCox, a novel penalization function for Cox models, which promotes the selection of genes that have distinct correlation patterns in normal vs. tumor tissues. We compare TCox to other regularized survival models, Elastic Net, HubCox, and OrphanCox. Gene expression and clinical data of CRC and normal (TCGA) patients are used for model evaluation. Each model is tested 100 times. Within a specific run, eighteen of the features selected by TCox are also selected by the other survival regression models tested, therefore undoubtedly being crucial players in the survival of colorectal cancer patients. Moreover, the TCox model exclusively selects genes able to categorize patients into significant risk groups. Our work demonstrates the ability of the proposed weighted regularizer TCox to disclose novel molecular drivers in CRC survival by accounting for correlation-based network information from both tumor and normal tissue. The results presented support the relevance of network information for biomarker identification in high-dimensional gene expression data and foster new directions for the development of network-based feature selection methods in precision oncology.
Citrate-Coated Platinum Nanoparticles Exhibit a Primary Particle-Size Dependent Effect on Stimulating Melanogenesis in Human Melanocytes
Authors: Goenka Shilpi , Toussaint Jimmy
Published: November 2020

Hypopigmentation disorders due to an underproduction of the pigment melanin by melanocytes cause uneven skin coloration, while in hair follicles they cause grey hair. There is a need for novel materials which can stimulate melanogenesis in the skin and hair for personal care use. While titanium dioxide, gold and silver nanoparticles have been extensively used for applications in cosmetic and personal-care products (PCP), the use of relatively inert platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs) has remained underappreciated. PtNPs have been reported to be a mimetic of the enzyme catechol oxidase with small size PtNPs reported to exhibit a higher catechol oxidase activity in a cell-free system, but no testing has been conducted in melanocytes to date. Herein, we have investigated if PtNPs of two sizes (SPtNP: 5 nm; LPtNP: 50 nm) might have an effect on melanogenesis. To this end, we have used MNT-1 human melanoma cells and primary human melanocytes from moderately-pigmented skin (HEMn-MP). Both SPtNP and LPtNP were nontoxic over a concentration range 6.25–25 μg/mL, hence these concentrations were used in further experiments. Both PtNPs stimulated higher extracellular melanin levels than control; SPtNP at concentrations 12.5 and 25 μg/mL significantly stimulated higher levels of extracellular melanin as compared to similar concentrations of LPtNP in MNT-1 cells, in the absence of ROS generation. The effects of PtNPs on melanin secretion were reversible upon removal of PtNPs from the culture medium. The results of primary particle size-specific augmentation of extracellular melanin by SPtNPs were also validated in HEMn-MP cells. Our results thus provide a proof-of-principle that SPtNP might hold potential as a candidate for the treatment of white skin patches, for sunless skin-tanning and for use in anti-greying hair products in cosmetics.
Policy Performance of Green Lighting Industry in China: A DID Analysis from the Perspective of Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction
Authors: Wang Kan , Lei Li , Qiu Shuai , Guo Sen
Published: November 2020

As a component of China’s strategic emerging industries, green lighting is an important industry supporting the high-quality and high-efficiency development of China’s economy, and is also an important way to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction. At present, China has basically established a policy framework to promote the development of green lighting industry, but there is no empirical evidence on the performance of existing policies on energy conservation and emission reduction. Based on the development status of China’s green lighting industry, this paper sorts out the milestones of China’s green lighting industry policy and the current status of the framework of the existing green lighting industry development policies, constructs a policy performance evaluation model for China’s green lighting industry based on the difference-in-difference (DID) model, and evaluates the implementation effects of green lighting industry policies in China from the perspective of energy conservation and emission reduction. The empirical results of China’s 85 cities show that the implementation of green lighting industry policies has significantly promoted regional energy conservation and emission reduction. Finally, this paper puts forward targeted policy recommendations to provide policy support for the transformation of China’s green lighting industry from “large” to “strong”.
Effect of Addition of Different Phenolic-Rich Extracts on Beer Flavour Stability
Authors: De Francesco Giovanni , Bravi Elisabetta , Sanarica Emmanuel , Marconi Ombretta , Cappelletti Federica , Perretti Giuseppe
Published: November 2020

Flavour stability is a key factor in the beer production process. The stabilizing effect of six commercial phenolic-rich extracts was studied. The extracts were added to beer before bottling. Quality parameters (colour, turbidity, foam and dissolved oxygen content), antioxidant activity by 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), total polyphenols content, and sensorial analysis by a trained panel were performed over the course of storage. The beers were analyzed every 3 months for a total period of 6 months. Results indicated that all studied phenolic-rich extracts positively affected the beer flavour stability. In particular, the condensed tannins showed a significant protective effect. The condensed green tea tannins resulted as the most promising source of natural antioxidant able to prolong beer shelf-life and bring interesting organoleptic characteristics to beer. Also, grape seed tannins appeared suitable to boost flavour stability and improve organoleptic properties of beer.
Liquid Hot Water Pretreatment and Enzymatic Hydrolysis as a Valorization Route of Italian Green Pepper Waste to Delivery Free Sugars
Authors: Martín-Lara M.A. , Chica-Redecillas L. , Pérez A. , Blázquez G. , Garcia-Garcia G. , Calero M.
Published: November 2020

In this work, liquid hot water pretreatment (autohydrolysis) was used to improve enzymatic hydrolysis of a commonly consumed vegetable waste in Spain, Italian green pepper, to finally produce fermentable sugars. Firstly, the effect of temperature and contact time on sugar recovery during pretreatment (in insoluble solid and liquid fraction) was studied in detail. Then, enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial cellulase was performed with the insoluble solid resulting from pretreatment. The objective was to compare results with and without pretreatment. The results showed that the pretreatment step was effective to facilitate the sugars release in enzymatic hydrolysis, increasing the global sugar yield. This was especially notable when pretreatment was carried out at 180 °C for 40 min for glucose yields. In these conditions a global glucose yield of 61.02% was obtained. In addition, very low concentrations of phenolic compounds (ranging from 69.12 to 82.24 mg/L) were found in the liquid fraction from enzymatic hydrolysis, decreasing the possibility of fermentation inhibition produced by these components. Results showed that Italian green pepper is an interesting feedstock to obtain free sugars and prevent the enormous quantity of this food waste discarded annually.
The Relationship between Single Task, Dual Task Performance and Impulsiveness Personality Traits of Young Adults in the Community
Authors: Park Myoung-Ok
Published: November 2020

(1) Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between single, dual task performance and impulsiveness personality traits of young adults in the community. (2) Methods: As a cross-sectional study, the Korean version of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-Revised test, which is an impulsiveness indicator test tool, was conducted on a total of 62 healthy young adults in the community. In order to assess the task performance ability, single task, motor dual task, and cognitive-motor dual task of Timed up and go (TUG) test were conducted. (3) Results: In order to identify the mean difference of the three types of TUG task performance according to the total score of impulsiveness test of all subjects, one-way ANOVA analysis was performed. As a result, there was no statistically significant difference by each task type. Upon investigating the correlation between the three subtypes (cognitive impulsiveness, motor impulsiveness, non-planned impulsiveness) of impulsiveness and total score and TUG task performance, cognitive impulsiveness and TUG-cognitive task performance showed statistically significant correlation. (4) Conclusions: There was an association with the degree of cognitive impulsiveness when performing motor task and cognitive task simultaneously.
Adolescent Lifestyle Behaviors, Coping Strategies and Subjective Wellbeing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Student Survey
Authors: Pigaiani Yolande , Zoccante Leonardo , Zocca Anastasia , Arzenton Athos , Menegolli Marco , Fadel Sabrina , Ruggeri Mirella , Colizzi Marco
Published: November 2020

Background and objectives: Adolescence represents a critical period for rapid psychophysical and socio-cognitive changes, with implications for health and wellbeing in later life. From this perspective, the manifestation of unhealthy lifestyles and dysfunctional behaviors may reflect a change in wellbeing requiring alertness and prompt intervention. This study investigated lifestyle behaviors and coping strategies among Italian adolescents, also in relation to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, and whether they would predict a change in subjective wellbeing. Materials and Methods: In the period between 1 April and 10 April 2020, adolescents aged 15–21 filled out an online survey consisting of 33 questions investigating socio-demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, coping strategies, and subjective wellbeing. Results: Data was available on 306 participants. Most adolescents planned their daily routine (57.8%), engaging in structured activities (17.6–67.3%) and developing new interests (54.6%), and gave a positive reading of the ongoing period (57.8%), thus revealing adaptive coping strategies. Family wise, even though it was hard to stay at home (66%) and difficulties emerged, including self-isolation (50.7%) and quarrels (31.7%), a relevant proportion of adolescents shared their feelings (40.5%) and revaluated their family relationships (29.4–39.7%). In terms of social and school engagement, almost all adolescents kept contacts with their partner, friends, and teachers (90.2–93.5%). School commitments at home were sufficiently preserved (63.1%), however adolescents expressed preoccupations about their educational path (56.2%). A change in subjective wellbeing (49.3%) and symptoms of anxiety (39.9%) were frequently reported. A number of factors predicted a change in subjective wellbeing, including adaptive coping strategies (physical activity, OR = 2.609, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.297–5.247; engaging in different activities than before, OR = 2.212, 95% CI 1.157–4.230), family issues (finding hard to stay at home, OR = 3.852, 95% CI 1.953–7.599; having quarrels, OR = 2.158, 95% CI 1.122–4.150), school-related behaviors (fearing a negative educational outcome, OR = 1.971, 95% 1.063–3.655), and female gender (OR = 3.647, 95% CI 1.694–7.851). Conclusions: Both personal and environmental coping resources are relevant to subjective wellbeing in adolescence and should be taken into account for prevention and early intervention in youth mental health.
Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Sorghum bicolor L. under Intercropping with Legumes and Different Weed Control Methods
Authors: Rad Saeid Vaezi , Valadabadi Said Ali Reza , Pouryousef Majid , Saifzadeh Saeid , Zakrin Hamid Reza , Mastinu Andrea
Published: November 2020

In order to evaluate the quantity and quality of forage when intercropping forage sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) with lathyrus (Lathyrus sativus) and hairy vetch (Vicia villosa), and using different weed management methods such as double cropping, a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with three replications was carried out at the research station of the University of Zanjan over two growing seasons (2015 and 2016). In this experiment, the intercropping of forage sorghum with lathyrus and hairy vetch at six levels with single cropping of forage sorghum, lathyrus, and hairy vetch, and three weed management strategies (no weed control, full weed control, and single weed control) was evaluated. The results showed that most forage sorghum traits were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) affected by different sowing ratios. The highest fresh forage yield of sorghum (77.9 ton/ha) and lowest (49.0 ton/ha) were obtained with sorghum + 33% hairy vetch and sorghum + 100% lathyrus, respectively. Forage qualitative traits were also affected by intercropping and weed management. The highest average acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and total ash percentage (ASH) were obtained with 100% sorghum + 66% lathyrus and 33% hairy vetch. The results showed that sorghum intercropping with 33% lathyrus led to a significant reduction in dry matter intake and relative feed value with no weed control and single weed control. This study demonstrated that, by selecting the appropriate intercropping ratios and forage legumes, we could largely control sorghum weeds in addition to improving the quantitative and qualitative yield of sorghum forage.
Hydrosilylation of Aldehydes by a Manganese α-Diimine Complex
Authors: Yempally Veeranna , Shahbaz Azal , Fan Wai Yip , Madrahimov Sherzod T. , Bengali Ashfaq A.
Published: November 2020

This paper describes the catalytic activity of air stable and easy to handle manganese complexes towards the hydrosilylation of aldehydes. These catalysts incorporate a bulky diazabutadiene ligand and exhibit good functional group tolerance and chemoselectivity in the hydrosilylation of aldehydes, utilizing primary silanes as the reducing agent. The reactions proceed with turnover frequencies approaching 150 h−1 in some instances, similar to those observed for other manganese-based catalysts. The conversion of aromatic aldehydes to the corresponding alcohols was found to be more efficient than that for the analogous aliphatic systems.
Influence of Powder Particle Morphology on the Static and Fatigue Properties of Laser Powder Bed-Fused Ti-6Al-4V Components
Authors: Brika Salah Eddine , Brailovski Vladimir
Published: November 2020

In this work, two Ti-6Al-4V powder lots were produced using two different techniques: plasma atomization and gas atomization, with the first producing more spherical particles than the second. Testing specimens were then manufactured with these powder lots using an identical set of printing parameters and the same laser powder bed fusion system. Next, the porosity levels and distributions as well as the static and fatigue properties of the specimens from both powder lots were compared. Regarding the static mechanical properties, a noticeable difference was observed between the plasma-atomized powder specimens and their gas-atomized equivalents (7% greater ultimate and 4% greater yield strengths, but 3% lower elongation to failure, respectively). However, with regard to the fatigue resistance, the advantages of the plasma-atomized powder specimens in terms of their mechanical resistance were somewhat counterbalanced by the presence of pores aligned in the direction perpendicular to that of applied load. Conversely, specimens printed with the gas-atomized powder manifested a similar level of porosity, but a uniform pore distribution, which reduced the impact of the processing-induced porosity on fatigue cracks initiation and propagation.
Re-Evaluation of Fatigue Thickness Effect Based on Fatigue Test Database
Authors: Zhao Wangwen , Hsu Wei-Ting
Published: November 2020

This paper reassesses the detrimental effect on fatigue performance of welded structural steel joints due to thicker sections based on an extensive fatigue strength test database, taken from research programmes worldwide over the past half century, mostly from the offshore oil and gas and marine industries. The data entries in the database were evaluated to ensure its data integrity. Statistical analyses on these S-N data were performed with or without the thickness correction at different exposure levels to a corrosive environment, in order to re-evaluate the suitability of current standards in regard to the thickness effect. The study concentrated on T-joints, transverse butt-welded joints and tubular joints, as these are the most commonly used joint types in the offshore wind industry. The analysis indicates a general agreement of fatigue strength with the thickness effects in current standards for in-air conditions, but great conservatism for corrosive environments. In addition, the statistical models determined in this study can be used for a broader range of studies, such as probabilistic fatigue analysis.
The Coefficients of Equipment Number Formula of Ships
Authors: Oh Min-Jae , Ham Seung-Ho , Ku Namkug
Published: November 2020

For their mooring on the sea, ships are equipped with mooring utilities such as anchors, anchor chains, and winches. To determine the specifications of these equipment, the equipment number of each ship must be calculated, and the formula used for calculating this number is provided by the classification society. However, as the equipment number formula was derived based on the tanker at the time of development, it may not be suitable for relatively recent types of ships, such as container ships and liquefied natural gas carriers. Therefore, in this study, the suitability of the equipment number formula was verified, and modified coefficients are proposed for the types of ships. First, the formula for calculating the drag force acting on the ship due to the wind and current was derived and compared with the equipment number formula. The meaning of each coefficient in the equipment number formula was analyzed using this process. Additionally, the mooring equipment, such as anchor and anchor chain, was selected based on the equipment number, and the holding power of the mooring equipment and the drag force acting on the ship was compared to verify the suitability of the equipment number formula for each type of ship. Based on this verification result, a modified coefficient was proposed for each term in the equipment number formula.
Functional Analysis of a Novel ABL (Abnormal Browning Related to Light) Gene in Mycelial Brown Film Formation of Lentinula edodes
Authors: Hong Chang Pyo , Moon Suyun , Yoo Seung-il , Noh Jong-Hyun , Ko Han-Gyu , Kim Hyun A. , Ro Hyeon-Su , Cho Hyunwoo , Chung Jong-Wook , Lee Hwa-Yong , Ryu Hojin
Published: November 2020

Lentinula edodes is a globally important edible mushroom species that is appreciated for its medicinal properties as well as its nutritional value. During commercial cultivation, a mycelial brown film forms on the surface of the sawdust growth medium at the late vegetative stage. Mycelial film formation is a critical developmental process that contributes to the quantity and quality of the mushroom yield. However, little is known regarding the genetic underpinnings of brown film formation on the surface of mycelial tissue. A novel causal gene associated with the formation of the mycelial brown film, named ABL (Abnormal browning related to light), was identified in this study. The comparative genetic analysis by dihybrid crosses between normal and abnormal browning film cultivars demonstrated that a single dominant allele was responsible for the abnormal mycelium browning phenotype. Whole-genome sequencing analysis of hybrid isolates revealed five missense single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the ABL locus of individuals forming abnormal partial brown films. Additional whole-genome resequencing of a further 16 cultivars showed that three of the five missense SNPs were strongly associated with the abnormal browning phenotype. Overexpression of the dominant abl-D allele in a wild-type background conferred the abnormal mycelial browning phenotype upon transformants, with slender hyphae observed as a general defective mycelial growth phenotype. Our methodology will aid the future discovery of candidate genes associated with favorable traits in edible mushrooms. The discovery of a novel gene, ABL, associated with mycelial film formation will facilitate marker-associated breeding in L. edodes.
Prediction of Mental Illness in Heart Disease Patients: Association of Comorbidities, Dietary Supplements, and Antibiotics as Risk Factors
Authors: Sivakumar Jayanth , Ahmed Saba , Begdache Lina , Jain Swati , Won Daehan
Published: November 2020

Comorbidities, dietary supplement use, and prescription drug use may negatively (or positively) affect mental health in cardiovascular patients. Although the significance of mental illnesses, such as depression, anxiety, and schizophrenia, on cardiovascular disease is well documented, mental illnesses resulting from heart disease are not well studied. In this paper, we introduce the risk factors of mental illnesses as an exploratory study and develop a prediction framework for mental illness that uses comorbidities, dietary supplements, and drug usage in heart disease patients. Particularly, the data used in this study consist of the records of 68,647 patients with heart disease, including the patient’s mental illness information and the patient’s intake of dietary supplements, antibiotics, and comorbidities. Patients in age groups <61, gender differences, and drug intakes, such as Azithromycin, Clarithromycin, Vitamin B6, and Coenzyme Q10, were associated with mental illness. For predictive modeling, we consider applying various state-of-the-art machine learning techniques with tuned parameters and finally obtain the following: Depression: 78.01% accuracy, 79.13% sensitivity, 72.65% specificity, and 86.26% Area Under the Curve (AUC). Anxiety: 82.93% accuracy, 82.86% sensitivity, 83.35% specificity, and 88.45% AUC. Schizophrenia: 87.59% accuracy, 87.70% sensitivity, 85.14% specificity, and 92.73% AUC. Disease: 86.63% accuracy, 95.50% sensitivity, 77.76% specificity, and 91.59% AUC. From the results, we conclude that using heart disease information, comorbidities, dietary supplement use, and antibiotics enables us to accurately predict the mental health outcome.
Ideophones and Realia in a Santome/Portuguese Bilingual Dictionary
Authors: Araujo Gabriel Antunes de
Published: November 2020

In this work, we discuss how Araujo & Hagemeijer’s Santome/Portuguese bilingual dictionary defines and describes ideophones and realia lemmata. We show that ideophones were listed individually along with their expression counterparts. Realia lemmata (words and expressions for culture-specific items) or specialized lexical units were presented in their Santomean forms, followed by a description of their endemic specificities. Many realia items from Santome can also be found in Portuguese. We conclude that the authors contribute to the lexicographic record of ideophones, lexical items that did not exist in Portuguese, but relevant to the language and culture of Santome. On the other hand, with the documentation of realia entries, they collaborate for the validation of lexical units (originating in Santome) in the local vernacular variety of São Tomé and Príncipe’s Portuguese, a common historical practice in Portuguese lexicography.
From Cellulose to Cellulose Nanofibrils—A Comprehensive Review of the Preparation and Modification of Cellulose Nanofibrils
Authors: Yi Tan , Zhao Hanyu , Mo Qi , Pan Donglei , Liu Yang , Huang Lijie , Xu Hao , Hu Bao , Song Hainong
Published: November 2020

This review summarizes the preparation methods of cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) and the progress in the research pertaining to their surface modification. Moreover, the preparation and surface modification of nanocellulose were comprehensively introduced based on the existing literature. The review focuses on the mechanical treatment of cellulose, the surface modification of fibrillated fibers during pretreatment, the surface modification of nanocellulose and the modification of CNFs and their functional application. In the past five years, research on cellulose nanofibrils has progressed with developments in nanomaterials research technology. The number of papers on nanocellulose alone has increased by six times. However, owing to its high energy consumption, high cost and challenging industrial production, the applications of nanocellulose remain limited. In addition, although nanofibrils exhibit strong biocompatibility and barrier and mechanical properties, their high hydrophilicity limits their practical application. Current research on cellulose nanofibrils has mainly focused on the industrial production of CNFs, their pretreatment and functional modification and their compatibility with other biomass materials. In the future, with the rapid development of modern science and technology, the demand for biodegradable biomass materials will continue to increase. Furthermore, research on bio-based nanomaterials is expected to advance in the direction of functionalization and popularization.
Analysis of Generalized Multistep Collocation Solutions for Oscillatory Volterra Integral Equations
Authors: Chen Hao , Liu Ling , Ma Junjie
Published: November 2020

In this work, we introduce a class of generalized multistep collocation methods for solving oscillatory Volterra integral equations, and study two kinds of convergence analysis. The error estimate with respect to the stepsize is given based on the interpolation remainder, and the nonclassical convergence analysis with respect to oscillation is developed by investigating the asymptotic property of highly oscillatory integrals. Besides, the linear stability is analyzed with the help of generalized Schur polynomials. Several numerical tests are given to show that the numerical results coincide with our theoretical estimates.
Wild Isolates of Neurospora crassa Reveal Three Conidiophore Architectural Phenotypes
Authors: Krach Emily K. , Wu Yue , Skaro Michael , Mao Leidong , Arnold Jonathan
Published: November 2020

The vegetative life cycle in the model filamentous fungus, Neurospora crassa, relies on the development of conidiophores to produce new spores. Environmental, temporal, and genetic components of conidiophore development have been well characterized; however, little is known about their morphological variation. We explored conidiophore architectural variation in a natural population using a wild population collection of 21 strains from Louisiana, United States of America (USA). Our work reveals three novel architectural phenotypes, Wild Type, Bulky, and Wrap, and shows their maintenance throughout the duration of conidiophore development. Furthermore, we present a novel image-classifier using a convolutional neural network specifically developed to assign conidiophore architectural phenotypes in a high-throughput manner. To estimate an inheritance model for this discrete complex trait, crosses between strains of each phenotype were conducted, and conidiophores of subsequent progeny were characterized using the trained classifier. Our model suggests that conidiophore architecture is controlled by at least two genes and has a heritability of 0.23. Additionally, we quantified the number of conidia produced by each conidiophore type and their dispersion distance, suggesting that conidiophore architectural phenotype may impact N. crassa colonization capacity.
MALDI-TOF MS and 16S RNA Identification of Culturable Gastric Microbiota: Variability Associated with the Presence of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Troncoso Claudia , Pavez Monica , Cerda Alvaro , Oporto Marcelo , Villarroel Daniel , Hofmann Edmundo , Rios Eddy , Sierralta Armando , Copelli Luis , Barrientos Leticia
Published: November 2020

Helicobacter pylori is the main bacteria associated with gastroduodenal diseases. Recent studies have reported that gastric microbiota might be modified by the H. pylori colonization, favoring gastric lesions′ development. In Chile, the region of La Araucanía concentrates a high risk of gastric cancer associated with Helicobacter pylori colonization, rurality, poverty, and Mapuche ethnicity. Hence, we aimed to identify the culturable gastric microbiota and characterize its variability at different stages of epithelial injury, based on its H. pylori colonization in dyspeptic patients from this Chilean region. Microaerophilic bacteria strains were isolated from antrum biopsies of 155 dyspeptic patients′ biopsies and identified using MALDI-TOF MS or 16sRNA gene sequencing for non-pylori species identification, and UreC gene amplification for H. pylori confirmation. We found 48 species from 18 families, mainly belonging to Neisseriaceae (21.3%), Streptococcaceae (20.0%), Actynomicetaceae (9.0%), Enterobacteriaceae, and Lactobacillaceae (4.5%); however, Streptococcaceae and Actinomycetaceae families showed a significant reduction in samples infected with H. pylori, along with a considerably lower diversity of species. Our results revealed a microbiota modification due to H. pylori colonization associated with the gastric epithelial state, suggesting a potential microbiota role for developing and progressing gastric diseases.
The Crossroads between Infection and Bone Loss
Authors: Oliveira Tiago Carvalho , Gomes Maria Salomé , Gomes Ana Cordeiro
Published: November 2020

Bone homeostasis, based on a tight balance between bone formation and bone degradation, is affected by infection. On one hand, some invading pathogens are capable of directly colonizing the bone, leading to its destruction. On the other hand, immune mediators produced in response to infection may dysregulate the deposition of mineral matrix by osteoblasts and/or the resorption of bone by osteoclasts. Therefore, bone loss pathologies may develop in response to infection, and their detection and treatment are challenging. Possible biomarkers of impaired bone metabolism during chronic infection need to be identified to improve the diagnosis and management of infection-associated osteopenia. Further understanding of the impact of infections on bone metabolism is imperative for the early detection, prevention, and/or reversion of bone loss. Here, we review the mechanisms responsible for bone loss as a direct and/or indirect consequence of infection.
Effect of Aspect Ratio on the Deformation Behavior of Dislocation-Free Ni3Al Nanocubes
Authors: Li Peng , Wang Xinguang , Zhou Yizhou , Pfetzing-Micklich Janine , Somsen Christoph , Eggeler Gunther
Published: November 2020

This study concentrates on several factors which govern the nanoscale plasticity of in situ compressed dislocation-free Ni3Al nanocubes: cube size, aspect ratio and the presence of grooves. The yield strength of dislocation-free Ni3Al nanocubes exhibits an apparent size dependence. The size dependence is strong when cubes are smaller than 300 nm. Compared with the strength of bulk Ni3Al single crystals, the strength of nanocubes is two orders of magnitude higher, which clearly demonstrates that there is a size effect. Nanocube plasticity strongly depends on the alignment and the shape of the cubes. Deformed aligned nanocubes either display only a few localized deformation events (slip lines) or were homogenously compressed into flats due to multiple slip dislocation-mediated plasticity. For an aligned cube, crack initiation at the intersection of a slip line with a groove in the cube surface was observed. In case of a double cube, crack initiation occurs at surface irregularities, while subsequent crack propagation occurs along one or more slip planes.
Removal of Fish Odors Form Styrofoam Packaging to Improve Recycling Potential Using Hansen Solubility Parameters
Authors: Ishida Takeshi
Published: November 2020

Styrofoam fish containers (fish boxes) are ideal for transporting fresh fish because of their light weight and insulation properties. However, due to fish-like odors, fish boxes are simply thrown out after use and are limited to low-grade recycling in Japan. To improve their recyclability, we investigated trimethylamine, which causes fish-like odor, to ascertain whether it is soluble in vegetable oil using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP). At present, the Oshima College method (OCMT), which is used to reduce the volume of styrofoam, uses heated vegetable oil and can potentially remove the fish-like odor. In addition, the solubility of dimethyl sulfide, which causes the sea-like smell in styrofoam found drifting on shores, in vegetable oil was investigated. Our results conclude that OCMT can remove the fish- and sea-like odors found in waste styrofoam and thus improve its recycling potential.
Accelerometer-Based Human Activity Recognition for Patient Monitoring Using a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Fridriksdottir Esther , Bonomi Alberto G.
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of a Deep Neural Network (DNN) in recognizing activities typical for hospitalized patients. A data collection study was conducted with 20 healthy volunteers (10 males and 10 females, age = 43 ± 13 years) in a simulated hospital environment. A single triaxial accelerometer mounted on the trunk was used to measure body movement and recognize six activity types: lying in bed, upright posture, walking, wheelchair transport, stair ascent and stair descent. A DNN consisting of a three-layer convolutional neural network followed by a long short-term memory layer was developed for this classification problem. Additionally, features were extracted from the accelerometer data to train a support vector machine (SVM) classifier for comparison. The DNN reached 94.52% overall accuracy on the holdout dataset compared to 83.35% of the SVM classifier. In conclusion, a DNN is capable of recognizing types of physical activity in simulated hospital conditions using data captured by a single tri-axial accelerometer. The method described may be used for continuous monitoring of patient activities during hospitalization to provide additional insights into the recovery process.
A Proposition for Combining Rough Sets, Fuzzy Logic and FRAM to Address Methodological Challenges in Safety Management: A Discussion Paper
Authors: Slim Hussein , Nadeau Sylvie
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the focus in safety management has shifted from failure-based analysis towards a more systemic perspective, redefining a successful or failed performance as a complex and emergent event rather than as a conclusion of singular errors or root causes. This paradigm shift has also necessitated the introduction of innovative tools capable of capturing the complex and dynamic nature of modern sociotechnical systems. In our research, we argued at previous stages for adopting a more systemic and human-centric perspective to evaluate the context of aircraft de-icing operations. The Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) was applied in the first stage for this purpose. Consequently, fuzzy logic was combined with FRAM in the second stage to provide a quantified representation of performance variability. Fuzzy logic was used as a quantification tool suitable for computing with natural language. Several limitations were found in the data collection and rule generation process for the first prototype. In the third phase, the model was further improved by integrating rough sets as a data-mining tool to generate and reduce the size of the rule base and classify outcomes. In this paper, we reflect on the three stages of the project and discuss in a qualitative manner the challenges and limitations faced in the development and application of the models. A summary of the advantages and disadvantages of the three models as experienced in our case are presented at the end. The objective is to present an outlook for future studies to address methodological limitations in the study of complex sociotechnical systems.