bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predicting remission following CBT for childhood anxiety disorders: a machine learning approach
Authors: Bertie Lizel-Antoinette , Quiroz Juan C. , Berkovsky Shlomo , Arendt Kristian , Bögels Susan , Coleman Jonathan R. I. , Cooper Peter , Creswell Cathy , Eley Thalia C. , Hartman Catharina , Fjermestadt Krister , In-Albon Tina , Lavallee Kristen , Lester Kathryn J. , Lyneham Heidi J. , Marin Carla E. , McKinnon Anna , McLellan Lauren F. , Meiser-Stedman Richard , Nauta Maaike , Rapee Ronald M. , Schneider Silvia , Schniering Carolyn , Silverman Wendy K. , Thastum Mikael , Thirlwall Kerstin , Waite Polly , Wergeland Gro Janne , Wuthrich Viviana , Hudson Jennifer L.
Published: December 2024

Background

The identification of predictors of treatment response is crucial for improving treatment outcome for children with anxiety disorders. Machine learning methods provide opportunities to identify combinations of factors that contribute to risk prediction models.

Methods

A machine learning approach was applied to predict anxiety disorder remission in a large sample of 2114 anxious youth (5–18 years). Potential predictors included demographic, clinical, parental, and treatment variables with data obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment, and at least one follow-up.

Results

All machine learning models performed similarly for remission outcomes, with AUC between 0.67 and 0.69. There was significant alignment between the factors that contributed to the models predicting two target outcomes: remission of all anxiety disorders and the primary anxiety disorder. Children who were older, had multiple anxiety disorders, comorbid depression, comorbid externalising disorders, received group treatment and therapy delivered by a more experienced therapist, and who had a parent with higher anxiety and depression symptoms, were more likely than other children to still meet criteria for anxiety disorders at the completion of therapy. In both models, the absence of a social anxiety disorder and being treated by a therapist with less experience contributed to the model predicting a higher likelihood of remission.

Conclusions

These findings underscore the utility of prediction models that may indicate which children are more likely to remit or are more at risk of non-remission following CBT for childhood anxiety.
Rates of colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality in people with severe mental illness: results from Australia’s National Bowel Cancer Screening Programme
Authors: Kisely S. , Spilsbury K. , Bull C. , Jordan S. , Kendall B.J. , Siskind D. , Sara G. , Protani M. , Lawrence D.
Published: December 2024

Aims

Studies show that people with severe mental illness (SMI) have a greater risk of dying from colorectal cancer (CRC). These studies mostly predate the introduction of national bowel cancer screening programmes (NBCSPs) and it is unknown if these have reduced disparity in CRC-related mortality for people with SMI.

Methods

We compared mortality rates following CRC diagnosis at colonoscopy between a nationally representative sample of people with and without SMI who participated in Australia’s NBCSP. Participation was defined as the return of a valid immunochemical faecal occult blood test (iFOBT). We also compared mortality rates between people with SMI who did and did not participate in the NBCSP. SMI was defined as receiving two or more Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme prescriptions for second-generation antipsychotics or lithium.

Results

Amongst NBCSP participants, the incidence of CRC in the SMI cohort was lower than in the controls (hazard ratio [HR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.61–0.98). In spite of this, their all-cause mortality rate was 1.84 times higher (95% CI 1.12–3.03), although there was only weak evidence of a difference in CRC-specific mortality (HR 1.82; 95% CI 0.93–3.57). People with SMI who participated in the NBCSP had better all-cause survival than those who were invited to participate but did not return a valid iFOBT (HR 0.67, 95% CI 0.50–0.88). The benefit of participation was strongest for males with SMI and included improved all-cause and CRC-specific survival.

Conclusions

Participation in the NBCSP may be associated with improved survival following a CRC diagnosis for people with SMI, especially males, although they still experienced greater mortality than the general population. Approaches to improving CRC outcomes in people with SMI should include targeted screening, and increased awareness about the benefits or participation.

Trial registration

Australian and New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (Trial ID: ACTRN12620000781943).
What 92 Years of Data Say About Ice Cover
Authors: Scharping Nathaniel
Published: December 2024

New research on Mohonk Lake in New York investigates how changing ice phenology alters temperature dynamics in lakes.
California Storms Recharged Watersheds, Geodesy Data Reveal
Authors: Hemphill Hemphill
Published: December 2024

The atmospheric rivers that soaked the state in early 2023 released enough water to warp the ground and douse a deep drought.
Mobile Observation Field Experiment of Atmospheric Vertical Structure and Its Application in Precipitation Forecasts Over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Cheng Xinghong , Xu Xiangde , Bai Gang , Wang Ruiwen , Ma Jianzhong , Su Debin , Chen Bing , Ma Siying , Hu Chunmei , Zhang Shengjun , Zhao Runze , Yang Hongda , Cheng Siyang , Zhang Wenqian , Wang Shizhu , Xie Gang
Published: December 2024

We carried out the first Mobile Field Observation Campaign of Atmospheric Profiles (MFOCAP) in the southeast Tibet and the Three‐River Source Region (TRSR) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) by adopting two vehicle‐mounted integrated mobile observations (MO) system from July 18 to 30, 2021. Reliable MO data sets of air temperature (Ta), water vapor density (WVD) and relative humidity (RH) with high spatio‐temporal resolution over the TP were obtained and assimilated to improve precipitation forecast using the four‐dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation (DA) method. The results show that Ta, WVD and RH profile data retrieved with the mobile microwave radiometer (MR) are credible over the TP. The atmospheric vertical structure measured by the mobile MR can reproduce the spatio‐temporal evolution characteristics of water vapor transport, temperature stratification and cloud structure. The distribution pattern of 24‐hr accumulated rainfall prediction with Ta profile DA was closer to measurements, and 6–12 hr forecasts for low to moderate rainfall in the central and western regions of Qinghai province were improved significantly. Data assimilation with air temperature retrievals from mobile MR observations were found beneficial for accurate simulation of water vapor transport, convergence and divergence of wind field, and upward motion associated with precipitation events. The finding of this study highlights the value of MR remote sensing observations in improving the rainfall monitoring and forecasts over the TP and downstream regions.
Investigation of the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the cockle shell-derived calcium silicate-based pulp capping material: a pilot study
Authors: Amonchaiyapitak Orana , Santiwong Busayarat , Wasanapiarnpong Thanakorn , Chanamuangkon Theerapat , Linsuwanont Pairoj
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Hard-setting calcium hydroxide-based materials, e.g., Dycal and Life, have been widely used for direct pulp capping. However, various studies have shown undesirable effects such as high solubility and unpredictable dentine bridge formation. Bioceramic, mainly composed of tricalcium and dicalcium silicates, e.g., mineral trioxide aggregate and Biodentine, have provided more desirable physical and biological properties. This study aims to measure the physical properties, chemical properties, and biological response of human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) on three dental pulp-capping materials, Dycal, Life, and cockle shell-derived tricalcium silicate pulp capping material (C-Cap).

Methods

C-Cap was prepared from cockle shells and rice husk ash. Its chemical composition was identified using X-ray diffractometry. The setting time, flow, solubility, and radiopacity tests were performed following the International Organization for Standardization 6876:2012. pH and calcium ion release were measured. The materials were subjected to an extraction medium at various concentrations and subsequently measured for cytotoxicity and migration on HDPCs, from three healthy, mature permanent teeth from different donors. Osteogenic differentiation was assessed by examining alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity and alizarin red staining assay. The data were tested for a normal distribution. The differences among groups were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparison test (p < 0.05).

Results

The setting time of each material was approximately 1–2 min. C-Cap showed the lowest solubility (10.27% ± 1.02%) compared to Dycal (12.67% ± 0.94%) and Life (12.74% ± 1.33%), with a significant difference (p < 0.05). All materials exhibited radiopacity ranging from 2.4 to 2.9 mm of aluminum. C-Cap had the highest flow, alkalinity, and calcium ion release. C-Cap was significantly less cytotoxic than Dycal and Life (p < 0.05). The migration of HDPCs cultured in C-Cap extraction medium (27.74% ± 0.12%) was comparable to that in serum-free medium (27.09% ± 0.08%) with a significant difference (p < 0.05). The mineralization by HDPCs maintained in C-Cap extraction medium was significantly higher than those in Dycal and Life extraction mediums with a significant difference (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

C-Cap, a tricalcium silicate-based pulp capping material has potential for further development. C-Cap exhibited comparable physical properties and superior biological properties when compared to Dycal and Life.
Immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength evaluation of two glass ionomer cements to composite resin by using different bonding techniques—an in vitro study
Authors: Saleh Somaya Ali , Hassan Nisreen Nabiel , Algarni Amna , Zahran Ranya , Farag Abeer , Hashem Danya
Published: December 2024

Objective

Evaluating immediate and delayed micro shear bond strength (µSBS) between composite resin and glass ionomer cements using different adhesive systems and mechanical surface treatment.

Materials and methods

A total of 240 specimens of glass ionomer restorative materials were divided into two groups: Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) namely Riva Light Cure and Conventional Glass Ionomer Cement (CGIC) namely Riva Self Cure. These were subdivided into immediate (24 h) and delayed (3 months) storage and further divided into smooth, medium, and rough surface treatment with either total etch (TE) or self-etch (SE) adhesive strategies. Composite resin was applied and µSBS of the sample was determined and failure modes were examined.

Results

Immediate µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC and TE was better than SE. Within RMGIC, smooth surface has significantly higher bond strength than medium and rough stone surface treatment. Delayed µSBS of RMGIC was superior than CGIC. Within RMGIC specimens, TE and smooth and medium grit had significantly better bond strength than SE and rough grit. Within CGIC, statistically higher bond strength values were found with medium grit compared to smooth while no difference was found between TE and SE.

Conclusion

Bonding composite resin to smooth RMGIC using TE yielded higher bond strength values than CGIC regardless of the time. Bonding composite resin immediately to CGIC is best done using a TE technique. However, delayed bonding to CGIC requires roughening of the CGIC surface prior to placement of the composite resin to obtain improved bonding.
Apicomplexan mitoribosome from highly fragmented rRNAs to a functional machine
Authors: Wang Chaoyue , Kassem Sari , Rocha Rafael Eduardo Oliveira , Sun Pei , Nguyen Tan-Trung , Kloehn Joachim , Liu Xianyong , Brusini Lorenzo , Bonavoglia Alessandro , Barua Sramona , Boissier Fanny , Lucia Del Cistia Mayara , Peng Hongjuan , Tang Xinming , Xie Fujie , Wang Zixuan , Vadas Oscar , Suo Xun , Hashem Yaser , Soldati-Favre Dominique , Jia Yonggen
Published: December 2024

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises eukaryotic parasites that cause fatal diseases affecting millions of people and animals worldwide. Their mitochondrial genomes have been significantly reduced, leaving only three protein-coding genes and highly fragmented mitoribosomal rRNAs, raising challenging questions about mitoribosome composition, assembly and structure. Our study reveals how Toxoplasma gondii assembles over 40 mt-rRNA fragments using exclusively nuclear-encoded mitoribosomal proteins and three lineage-specific families of RNA-binding proteins. Among these are four proteins from the Apetala2/Ethylene Response Factor (AP2/ERF) family, originally known as transcription factors in plants and Apicomplexa, now repurposed as essential mitoribosome components. Cryo-EM analysis of the mitoribosome structure demonstrates how these AP2 proteins function as RNA binders to maintain mitoribosome integrity. The mitoribosome is also decorated with members of lineage-specific RNA-binding proteins belonging to RAP (RNA-binding domain abundant in Apicomplexa) proteins and HPR (heptatricopeptide repeat) families, highlighting the unique adaptations of these parasites. Solving the molecular puzzle of apicomplexan mitoribosome could inform the development of therapeutic strategies targeting organellar translation.
A blazar in the epoch of reionization
Authors: Bañados Eduardo , Momjian Emmanuel , Connor Thomas , Belladitta Silvia , Decarli Roberto , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Venemans Bram P. , Walter Fabian , Wang Feige , Xie Zhang-Liang , Barth Aaron J. , Eilers Anna-Christina , Fan Xiaohui , Khusanova Yana , Schindler Jan-Torge , Stern Daniel , Yang Jinyi , Andika Irham Taufik , Carilli Christopher L. , Farina Emanuele P. , Fabian Andrew , Hennawi Joseph F. , Pensabene Antonio , Rojas-Ruiz Sofía
Published: December 2024

Relativistic jets are thought to play a crucial role in the formation and evolution of massive galaxies and supermassive black holes. Blazars, which are quasars with jets aligned along our line of sight, provide insights into the jetted population and have been observed up to redshifts of z = 6.1. Here, we report the discovery and multi-wavelength characterization of the blazar VLASS J041009.05−013919.88 at z = 7 (age of the Universe ~750 Myr), which is powered by a ~7 × 108 M
⊙ black hole. The presence of this high-redshift blazar implies a large population of similar but unaligned jetted sources in the early Universe. Our findings suggest two possible scenarios. In one, the jet in J0410−0139 is intrinsically low power but appears highly luminous due to relativistic beaming, suggesting that most ultraviolet-bright quasars at this redshift host jets. Alternatively, if J0410−0139 represents an intrinsically powerful radio source, there should be hundreds to thousands of radio-quiet quasars at z ≈ 7 with properties like those of J0410−0139, a prediction in tension with observed quasar densities based on their ultraviolet luminosity function. These results support the hypothesis that the rapid growth of black holes in the early Universe may be driven by jet-enhanced or obscured super-Eddington accretion, potentially playing a key role in forming massive black holes during the epoch of reionization.
Hybrid bagging and boosting with SHAP based feature selection for enhanced predictive modeling in intrusion detection systems
Authors: Ahmed Usman , Jiangbin Zheng , Almogren Ahmad , Sadiq Muhammad , Rehman Ateeq Ur , Sadiq M. T. , Choi Jaeyoung
Published: December 2024

The novelty and growing sophistication of cyber threats mean that high accuracy and interpretable machine learning models are needed more than ever before for Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems. This study aims to solve this challenge by applying Explainable AI techniques, including Shapley Additive explanations feature selection, to improve model performance, robustness, and transparency. The method systematically employs different classifiers and proposes a new hybrid method called Hybrid Bagging-Boosting and Boosting on Residuals. Then, performance is taken in four steps: the multistep evaluation of hybrid ensemble learning methods for binary classification and fine-tuning of performance; feature selection using Shapley Additive explanations values retraining the hybrid model for better performance and reducing overfitting; the generalization of the proposed model for multiclass classification; and the evaluation using standard information metrics such as accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. Key results indicate that the proposed methods outperform state-of-the-art algorithms, achieving a peak accuracy of 98.47% and an F1 score of 96.19%. These improvements stem from advanced feature selection and resampling techniques, enhancing model accuracy and balancing precision and recall. Integrating Shapley Additive explanations-based feature selection with hybrid ensemble methods significantly boosts the predictive and explanatory power of Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems, addressing common pitfalls in traditional cybersecurity models. This study paves the way for further research on statistical innovations to enhance Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems performance.
Magnetic properties of quenched binary and ternary quasicrystal approximants
Authors: Denoel Fernand , Shiino Takayuki , Huang Yu-Chin , Gebresenbut Girma Hailu , Pay Gómez Cesar , Mathieu Roland
Published: December 2024

The magnetic properties of binary Gd-Cd and ternary Gd-Au-Ge crystals obtained from the newly introduced low-melt peritectic formation (LMPF) synthesis method were investigated. This method consists of a rapid quenching of the metallic melt followed by an annealing treatment at a relevant temperature. In the first system, both quasicrystal (QC) and approximant crystal (AC) phases can be stabilized, whereas only the AC phase is obtainable in the pseudo-binary Gd-(Au-Ge) system. The magnetic properties of the crystals obtained from LMPF for each system are compared to those of larger single grain crystals obtained from the self-flux (SF) method.
Molecular mechanism targeting condensin for chromosome condensation
Authors: Wang Menglu , Robertson Daniel , Zou Juan , Spanos Christos , Rappsilber Juri , Marston Adele L
Published: December 2024

Genomes are organised into DNA loops by the Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes (SMC) proteins. SMCs establish functional chromosomal sub-domains for DNA repair, gene expression and chromosome segregation, but how SMC activity is specifically targeted is unclear. Here, we define the molecular mechanism targeting the condensin SMC complex to specific chromosomal regions in budding yeast. A conserved pocket on the condensin HAWK subunit Ycg1 binds to chromosomal receptors carrying a related motif, CR1. In early mitosis, CR1 motifs in receptors Sgo1 and Lrs4 recruit condensin to pericentromeres and rDNA, to facilitate sister kinetochore biorientation and rDNA condensation, respectively. We additionally find that chromosome arm condensation begins as sister kinetochores come under tension, in a manner dependent on the Ycg1 pocket. We propose that multiple CR1-containing proteins recruit condensin to chromosomes and identify several additional candidates based on their sequence. Overall, we uncover the molecular mechanism that targets condensin to functionalise chromosomal domains to achieve accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis.
Calmodulin interacts with androglobin and regulates the nitrite reductase activity
Authors: Nie Lv-Suo , Liu Xi-Chun , Han Hui , Ren Zhi-Hao , Gao Shu-Qin , Lin Ying-Wu
Published: December 2024

The structure of the fifth mammalian globin, androglobin (Adgb), and its complex with calmodulin (CaM) were predicted using AlphaFold3 and HDOCK, and the binding of CaM was shown to enhance the nitrite reductase activity of Adgb.
Regioselective N1-ribosylation of hydantoin: synthesis and properties of the first contracted uridine analog
Authors: Bsoul Odai , Lampel Yakir , Rofe Maayan , Pariente-Cohen Natalie , Timsit Chen , Fischer Bilha
Published: December 2024

A new concept allowed the regioselective synthesis of hydantoinyl-ribose, a contracted uridine. The physiochemical properties of the latter have been determined.
Achieving cuprous iodide hybrid materials with long luminescence lifetimes and high internal quantum yields via aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Xue Zhen-Dong , Zhang Yi , Zhu Hao-Yu , Shao Juan-Juan , Gao Qiang , Wang Fang-Ming
Published: December 2024

Herein, four new cuprous iodide hybrid materials 1–4 were synthesized at room temperature using two types of ligands: imidazoles and triphenylphosphine.
Reduction behavior of PdO–NiO/SiO2: how Pd location affects cinnamaldehyde hydrogenation
Authors: van de Poll Rim C. J. , Friedrich Heiner , Hensen Emiel J. M.
Published: December 2024

Pd placed selectively on NiO can be reduced much easier than Pd on SiO2. Reduction at lower temperature results in smaller Pd particles with a higher hydrogenation activity.
Calibration-free quantification and automated data analysis for high-throughput reaction screening
Authors: Katzenburg Felix , Boser Florian , Schäfer Felix R. , Pflüger Philipp M. , Glorius Frank
Published: December 2024

Calibration-free quantitative analysis for high-throughput reaction screening using pyGecko: an open-source Python library for GC-MS and GC-FID data analysis.
Piezoelectric nanogenerators with hybrid nanofibers: a dual approach for energy generation and wastewater treatment
Authors: Kumar Manish , Choudhary Sumit , Sharma Satinder K. , Randhawa Jaspreet Kaur
Published: December 2024

A nanofibrous piezoelectric membrane for efficient removal of organic and inorganic impurities is a sustainable solution for wastewater treatment.
Kinetics and mechanism of hydrolysis of PF6− accelerated by H+ or Al3+ in aqueous solution
Authors: Miyashita Takuto , Yasuda Kouji , Uda Tetsuya
Published: December 2024

The hydrolysis of PF6− is more accelerated by Al3+ than by H+, but the hydrolysis of PO2F2− and PO3F2− is more accelerated by H+ rather than by Al3+.
Phenoxazine-based covalent triazine framework for photocatalytic aerobic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenols
Authors: Chen Yaju , Chen Haowen , Jiang Jun , Ji Hongbing
Published: December 2024

A phenoxazine-based covalent triazine framework was prepared via a one-step trimerization and exhibited good photocatalytic performance, excellent recyclability and wide substrate scope in the aerobic hydroxylation of arylboronic acids to phenols.
Confinement effect on the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Tian Huiwen , Yang Huanhuan , Liu Xueqi , Jia Yu , Xu Qun
Published: December 2024

The confinement effect on diffusion behaviors of reactants and intermediates, charge transfer capability around nanoneedle tips or between guest materials and intermediates/host catalytic sites, and stability for the CO2RR.
Photooxidative tandem cyclization of enamines to polysubstituted pyrroles: a combined experimental and theoretical study
Authors: Chen Liming , Chen Haohua , Xu Lixin , Cao Kun , Yang Mingguo , Liu Yurong , Liu Shihan , Lan Yu , Zhang Zhiguo , Zhang Guisheng
Published: December 2024

An intermolecular dimerization of enamines to polysubstituted pyrroles was realized in moderate yields via a photocatalytic oxidative tandem cyclization method.
High-throughput, combinatorial droplet generation by sequential spraying
Authors: Fukuda Rena , Cira Nate J.
Published: December 2024

Sequential spraying can be used to generate random mixtures, enabling interrogation of multicomponent concentration spaces.
peri-Diselenolo-substituted 1,8-naphthalimide derivatives as bipolar matrices for redox reactions in a non-aqueous electrolyte
Authors: Marinova Delyana , Borislavov Lyuben , Stanchovska Silva , Kukeva Rositsa , Mutovska Monika , Simeonova Natali , Stoyanov Stanimir , Zagranyarski Yulian , Mondeshki Mihail , Danchovski Yanislav , Rasheev Hristo , Tadjer Alia , Stoyanova Radostina
Published: December 2024

In the search for bipolar organic materials as electrodes in rechargeable batteries, we report peri-diselenolo-substituted 1,8-naphthalimides (NIs).
2-(4-Bromobenzyl) tethered 4-amino aryl/alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines: design, synthesis, anticancer assessment via dual topoisomerase-I/II inhibition, and in silico studies
Authors: Arora Sahil , Patra Bhagyshree , Dhamija Isha , Guru Santosh Kumar , Kumar Raj
Published: December 2024

The design, synthesis, and anticancer evaluation via topoisomerase inhibition of 2-(4-bromobenzyl) tethered 4-amino aryl/alkyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydrobenzo[4,5]thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidines are reported.
In situ synthesis of gold nanoparticles embedded in a magnetic nanocomposite of glucosamine/alginate for enhancing recyclable catalysis performance of nitrophenol reduction
Authors: Nguyen Le-Kim-Thuy , Do Manh-Huy , Duong Phuoc-Dat , Tran Thi-My-Duyen , Ngo Thi-Quynh-Nhu , Nguyen Xuan -Thom , Le Van-Dung , Nguyen Cao-Hien , Fajgar Radek , Nguyen Thanh-Danh
Published: December 2024

In this study, we introduce an in situ synthesis technique for incorporating gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into a magnetic nanocomposite made of glucosamine and alginate (GluN/Alg) via ionotropic gelation.
Binding mechanism of oligopeptides on solid surface: assessing the significance of single-molecule approach
Authors: Lê-Chesnais Joanne , Steffenhagen Marie , Méthivier Christophe , Costa Dominique , Rodriguez Daniela , Lambert Jean-François , Maisonhaute Emmanuel , Landoulsi Jessem
Published: December 2024

This paper addresses the complementarity and potential disparities between single-molecule and ensemble-average approaches to probe the binding mechanism of oligopeptides on inorganic solids.
A dual-initiating organic frustrated Lewis pair catalyst for living polymerizations of (bio)acrylates to facilitate the synthesis of metal-free multiblock copolymers
Authors: Zhang Zhen-Hua , Chen Yuyang , Li Yuesheng , Hong Miao
Published: December 2024

This article reports the first organic dual-initiating FLP catalyst based on borane and commercially available bisphosphine for living polymerizations of (bio)acrylates to facilitate the synthesis of metal-free multiblock copolymers.
Enhanced ROS generation in AIE-active iridium(iii) photosensitizers by cationization engineering for advanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Huang Shanshan , Li Yuancheng , Xie Xiaohan , Tong Jialin , Shan Guo-Gang , Qin Chao , Xiao Xiyan , Wang Qianruo , Li Yuanyuan , Wang Hualei
Published: December 2024

A simple cationization strategy is demonstrated to simultaneously enhance the AIE activity and ROS production capability of Ir(iii)-based photosensitizers.
In situ conversion reaction of magnesium fluoride to boost the performance of the sulfide-based electrolyte Li6PS5Cl for all-solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Chang Haolong , Hu Xiaohu , Xu Shijie , Wang Xinyu , Yang Shunjin , Sun Yujiang , Sun Xiao , Ren Dehang , Chen Xing , Cheng Fangyi , Yang Yongan
Published: December 2024

The electrochemical performance of Li6PS5Cl can be greatly enhanced by compositing it with MgF2 to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites based on the in situ conversion reaction between them to produce LiF and LixMg alloy.
Fabrication and performance enhancement of an In2O3/BiVO4 heterojunction for N-butanol gas sensing applications
Authors: Li Xiang-Bing , Sun Shuang , Hu Xiang , Zhang Qian-Qian , Gao Cheng , Zhou Hui , Wu Bao-Xu , Wang An-Qi , Hu Wen-Yao , Wang Yi-Jia , Yang Li-Xiong , Yang Bin , Li Wen-Ke , Xu Hong-Hong
Published: December 2024

In2O3/BiVO4 preparation procedure.
A review of the known MTA-cooperative PRMT5 inhibitors
Authors: Hu Mei , Chen Xiang
Published: December 2024

Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5) represents a novel epigenetic anti-tumour target with significant clinical potential, and has attracted considerable interest from the academic research community and the pharmaceutical industry.
Diffusion-driven growth of calcium carbonate polymorphs in microchannels
Authors: Ádám Rebeka M. , Papp Paszkál , Horváth Dezső , Tóth Ágota
Published: December 2024

Close to the confluence calcite crystals mainly form in the carbonate-rich zone. The diffusion-driven side growth of the individual crystals is independent of both the crystal orientation and the solution composition.
Integration of supervised machine learning for predictive evaluation of chemical looping hydrogen production and storage system
Authors: Li Renge , Zeng Jimin , Wei Ying , Shen Zichen
Published: December 2024

Machine learning integrates with the chemical looping hydrogen production system to accelerate the development process and reduce experimental trial-and-error costs.
Biomass-derived carbon materials for sustainable energy applications: a comprehensive review
Authors: Khandaker Tasmina , Islam Tasniqul , Nandi Ananya , Anik Md Al Amin Mia , Hossain Md. Shihab , Hasan Md. Kamrul , Hossain Muhammad Sarwar
Published: December 2024

Biomass-derived carbon materials (BDCMs) represent a versatile and sustainable solution for a range of energy generation and storage applications, owing to their tunable porosity, high surface area, and excellent electrochemical properties.
A ternary C-SnO2–g-C3N4–MoS2 heterostructure for highly efficient photo/electrocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Hussain Najrul , Abdelkareem Mohammad Ali , Olabi A. G. , Alawadhi Hussain
Published: December 2024

This work reported the design and fabrication of a ternary heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic and electrocatalytic hydrogen production.
Comprehensive overview of machine learning applications in MOFs: from modeling processes to latest applications and design classifications
Authors: Liu Yutong , Dong Yawen , Wu Hua
Published: December 2024

This review provides an overview of machine learning (ML) workflows in MOFs. It discusses three rational design methods, focusing on future challenges and opportunities to enhance understanding and guide ML-based MOF research.
Single-crystalline bismuth sulfide microrods for efficient visible light photodetection
Authors: Zeng Ao , Ali Rawaid , Fu Shili , Liu Lei , Rasool Asif , Liu Chaoping , Man Jiaxiu , Zheng Xiaolu , Wang Hong-En
Published: December 2024

Single-crystalline bismuth sulfide microrods have been successfully fabricated by a facile hydrothermal method, possessing good visible photodetection capability.
Exploring dehydration mechanisms and conductivity optimization in Li3InCl6·xH2O via in situ synchrotron techniques
Authors: Huang Jheng-Yi , Iputera Kevin , Lin Yen-Ting , Hung Yuan-Ting , Liu Yu-Shuo , Chang Yun-Ping , Bazri Behrouz , Liu Bo-Hong , Wei Da-Hua , Jin Bih-Yaw , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: December 2024

In this study, in situ techniques were utilized to elucidate the hydration and heating reaction mechanisms of the Li3InCl6 solid-state electrolyte, offering valuable insights into an effective reaction pathway.
A multi-valent polymyxin-based fluorescent probe for the detection of Gram-negative infections
Authors: Sharma Richa , Rodriguez-Rios Maria , Crossland James , Septiyana Maulida , Megia-Fernandez Alicia , Klausen Maxime , Bradley Mark
Published: December 2024

“Clicking” three Gram-negative-targeting polymyxin ligands onto an NBD fluorogenic dye yielded a diagnostic probe with stronger bacterial binding and fluorescence switch-on for enhanced detection.
Effect of the foliar application of biogenic-ZnO nanoparticles on physio-chemical analysis of chilli (Capsicum annum L.) in a salt stress environment
Authors: Adnan Muhammad , Mahmood Faisal , Zhao Zhenhua , Khaliq Hamza , Usman Muhammad , Muhammad Tahir , Ashraf Ghulam Abbas
Published: December 2024

Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) plants are cultivated globally and are valued for their culinary use.
Composite solid-state electrolytes for all solid-state lithium batteries: progress, challenges and outlook
Authors: Wang Senhao , La Monaca Andrea , Demopoulos George P.
Published: December 2024

Composite solid-state electrolytes (CSEs) with multiple phases offer greater flexibility to customize and combine the advantages of single-phase electrolytes, making them promising candidates for commercial all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).
Does Generalization Occur Following Speech Therapy? A Study in Children With a Cleft Palate
Authors: Alighieri Cassandra , De Coster Camille , Bettens Kim , Pereira Valerie
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

This study compared the occurrence of different types of generalization (within-class, across-class, and total generalization) following motor-phonetic speech therapy and linguistic-phonological speech therapy in children with a cleft palate ± cleft lip (CP ± L).

Method:

Thirteen children with a CP ± L (
M
age
= 7.50 years) who previously participated in a block-randomized, sham-controlled design comparing motor-phonetic therapy (
n
= 7) and linguistic-phonological therapy (
n
= 6) participated in this study. Speech samples consisting of word imitation and sentence imitation were collected on different data points before and after therapy and perceptually assessed using the Dutch translation of the Cleft Audit Protocol for Speech—Augmented. The percentages within-class, across-class, and total generalization were calculated for the different target consonants. Generalization in the two groups was compared over time using linear mixed models (LMMs).

Results:

LMM revealed significant Time × Group interactions for the percentage within-class generalization in sentence imitation and total generalization in sentence imitation tasks indicating that these percentages were significantly higher in the group of children who received linguistic-phonological intervention. No Time × Group interactions were found for the percentages across-class generalization.

Conclusions:

Generalization can occur following both motor-phonetic intervention as well as linguistic-phonological intervention. A linguistic-phonological approach, however, was observed to result in larger percentages of within-class and total generalization scores. As children with a CP ± L often receive yearlong intervention to eliminate cleft-related speech sound errors, these findings on the superior generalization effects of linguistic-phonological intervention are important to consider in clinical practice.
AI‐powered automated analysis of bone scans: A survey
Authors: Lin Qiang , He Yang , Guo Sihan
Published: December 2024

As one of the key techniques of artificial intelligence, deep learning has emerged as an effective approach for analysing medical images. Various imaging techniques including the planar bone scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography and PET can be used to evaluate, in vivo, bone conditions. The introduction of deep learning techniques especially the convolutional neural networks can significantly improve diagnosis accuracy and efficiency of nuclear medicine physicians. Focusing on bone scans acquired by various nuclear medicine imaging techniques, his paper reviews existing work on deep learning‐based classification, segmentation and object detection of bone scans. Specifically, an overview of existing work about research objective is presented, deep learning models are adopted, and main results are achieved. Research challenges and directions for developing automated analysis of bone scans with deep learning techniques are then discussed.
Detecting flying objects in synthetic aperture radar images using Moving Target Indicator methods
Authors: Hansen Elliot J. , Ng Brian W.‐H. , Preiss Mark
Published: December 2024

The growing proliferation of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensors brings the tantalising prospect of extending their utility into ‘novel’ applications. One potential extension is the detection of fast moving and accelerating flying objects in SAR imagery. However, since SAR image formation typically assumes the scene to be static over the coherent processing interval, moving objects give rise to blurred point spread functions, significant range migration and even potential aliasing of target signatures. The result is reduced target to clutter ratio (TCR) and poor detection performance. Successful detection of airborne targets thus requires compensation for potentially large target acceleration and velocity values observed over the comparatively long dwell times typical of practical SAR collection paradigms. This paper considers this problem and presents two main ideas to achieve this goal: a carefully constructed Moving Target Indicator (MTI) detection method implemented using real‐world Ingara SAR data, and a theoretical ground clutter suppression method. The MTI detection method combines several well‐known techniques for the flying target detection problem: interferometric processing, clutter suppression, and autofocus, and provides an extended acceleration phase compensation technique for highly accelerating targets such as planes. This proposed processing pipeline has been applied to experimental data of a plane during take off (a challenging Doppler unambiguous moving target), with the goal of continued detecting and tracking of this target. A generalised SAR signal model is presented that parameterises a flying moving target signature in terms of range and azimuthal target velocities and accelerations. Data driven approaches for estimating these motion parameters are examined and applied to experimental data acquired with the Ingara SAR sensor. The detection method was found to improve TCR by around 6 dB, along with superior detection and tracking performance. Following this, a theoretical study into suppressing ground clutter via multi‐channel cross‐track interferometry is investigated. Three separate ground clutter suppression methods, coherent subtraction, conventional beamforming, and minimum variance distortionless response (MVDR) beamformer, are presented then analysed using stochastic simulations. The MVDR adaptive beamformer method was found to provide the best performance for the scenario simulated.
Efficient verifiable searchable encryption with search and access pattern privacy
Authors: Wu Axin , Feng Dengguo , Zhang Min , Chi Jialin , Zhang Yinghui
Published: December 2024

Searchable encryption (SE) enables data users to securely search encrypted data stored in untrusted cloud servers. However, most SE schemes allow for leakages of access and search patterns to maximize efficiency and functionality. Recent attacks have shown that adversaries can recover query keywords with prior knowledge of the database by exploiting these leakages. Unfortunately, the existing schemes that protect access and search patterns result in frequent communications and high computational costs. Furthermore, complex calculation processes also raise challenges for verifying search results. To address these concerns, we first design an efficient conjunctive SE scheme with search and access pattern privacy using private set intersection. In the proposed scheme, we utilize random numbers to obfuscate the values of polynomials and randomly divide the results into two parts, which simplifies the search process, improves search efficiency, and eliminates the need for time-consuming ciphertext multiplication operations. We also extend this scheme to support search result verifiability. Specifically, by embedding a random number as the root of the return polynomial, we achieve verifiability of search results. Furthermore, we prove the security of both schemes employing the simulation-based method. Finally, we implement the schemes in a real database and thorough performance analyses demonstrate their efficiency.
The Freudian subject in the digital sphere: on systems and the alethosphere
Authors: Heimann Marc , Hübener Anne-Friederike
Published: December 2024

Modern concepts of information based in computation are centrally reliant on the idea of the system as a holistic and encompassing structure that might be complex, but never includes true indeterminacy. The unconscious of the Freudian subject on the other hand is centrally marked by an indeterminacy that is not transferable to the digital sphere. How to conceptualize these competing ontologies and their effect on the subject? The current zeitgeist more often than not implies a universal computability, especially with the genesis of modern AI. However, by taking the logical basis of computability into account a different picture appears. To demarcate where psychoanalysis and continental philosophy’s concept of the subject leave the realm of the computable, the foundational logics of Heidegger and Lacan are utilized.
Transcend the boundaries: Machine learning for designing polymeric membrane materials for gas separation
Authors: Xu Jiaxin , Suleiman Agboola , Liu Gang , Zhang Renzheng , Jiang Meng , Guo Ruilan , Luo Tengfei
Published: December 2024

Polymeric membranes have become essential for energy-efficient gas separations such as natural gas sweetening, hydrogen separation, and carbon dioxide capture. Polymeric membranes face challenges like permeability-selectivity tradeoffs, plasticization, and physical aging, limiting their broader applicability. Machine learning (ML) techniques are increasingly used to address these challenges. This review covers current ML applications in polymeric gas separation membrane design, focusing on three key components: polymer data, representation methods, and ML algorithms. Exploring diverse polymer datasets related to gas separation, encompassing experimental, computational, and synthetic data, forms the foundation of ML applications. Various polymer representation methods are discussed, ranging from traditional descriptors and fingerprints to deep learning-based embeddings. Furthermore, we examine diverse ML algorithms applied to gas separation polymers. It provides insights into fundamental concepts such as supervised and unsupervised learning, emphasizing their applications in the context of polymer membranes. The review also extends to advanced ML techniques, including data-centric and model-centric methods, aimed at addressing challenges unique to polymer membranes, focusing on accurate screening and inverse design.
Modeling performance of data collection systems for high-energy physics
Authors: Olin-Ammentorp Wilkie , Wu Xingfu , Chien Andrew A.
Published: December 2024

Exponential increases in scientific experimental data are outpacing silicon technology progress, necessitating heterogeneous computing systems—particularly those utilizing machine learning (ML)—to meet future scientific computing demands. The growing importance and complexity of heterogeneous computing systems require systematic modeling to understand and predict the effective roles for ML. We present a model that addresses this need by framing the key aspects of data collection pipelines and constraints and combining them with the important vectors of technology that shape alternatives, computing metrics that allow complex alternatives to be compared. For instance, a data collection pipeline may be characterized by parameters such as sensor sampling rates and the overall relevancy of retrieved samples. Alternatives to this pipeline are enabled by development vectors including ML, parallelization, advancing CMOS, and neuromorphic computing. By calculating metrics for each alternative such as overall F1 score, power, hardware cost, and energy expended per relevant sample, our model allows alternative data collection systems to be rigorously compared. We apply this model to the Compact Muon Solenoid experiment and its planned high luminosity-large hadron collider upgrade, evaluating novel technologies for the data acquisition system (DAQ), including ML-based filtering and parallelized software. The results demonstrate that improvements to early DAQ stages significantly reduce resources required later, with a power reduction of 60% and increased relevant data retrieval per unit power (from 0.065 to 0.31 samples/kJ). However, we predict that further advances will be required in order to meet overall power and cost constraints for the DAQ.
Platform for laser-driven X-ray diagnostics of heavy-ion heated
extreme states of matter
Authors: Hesselbach P. , Lütgert J. , Bagnoud V. , Belikov R. , Humphries O. , Lindqvist B. , Schaumann G. , Sokolov A. , Tauschwitz A. , Varentsov D. , Weyrich K. , Winkler B. , Yu X. , Zielbauer B. , Kraus D. , Riley D. , Major Zs. , Neumayer P.
Published: December 2024

We report on commissioning experiments at the high-energy, high-temperature (HHT) target area at the GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany, combining for the first time intense pulses of heavy ions from the SIS18 synchrotron with high-energy laser pulses from the PHELIX laser facility. We demonstrate the use of X-ray diagnostic techniques based on intense laser-driven X-ray sources, which will allow probing of large samples volumetrically heated by the intense heavy-ion beams. A new target chamber as well as optical diagnostics for ion-beam characterization and fast pyrometric temperature measurements complement the experimental capabilities. This platform is designed for experiments at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH (FAIR), where unprecedented ion-beam intensities will enable the generation of millimeter-sized samples under high-energy-density conditions.
Droplet deposition dynamics in a realistic three-dimensionally printed human upper airway: An in vitro study
Authors: Huang Jiayi , Zhang Ya , Chen Xiaole , Cai Yueyang , Zhang Yi , Jia Zhenning
Published: December 2024

This study presents the first known successful in vitro measurement of both deposition fractions (DFs) and spatial deposition patterns of nebulized droplets in a realistic human upper respiratory tract model. The model, based on computed tomography scan data of a healthy adult male, accurately replicates the complex geometries of the oral and pharyngeal regions. Experiments were conducted using three different vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) systems at varying inhalation flow rates (15–60 l/min). Fluorescein-tagged saline solutions were nebulized, with deposition patterns—representing the spatial distribution of deposited droplets—visualized through ultraviolet fluorescence and DFs quantified based on the absorbance of the rinsate solution. Results show that the DFs and patterns are significantly influenced by flow rate, with deposition shifting from the oral cavity to the oropharyngeal region as flow rate increases. This study provides new insight into aerosol transport and deposition in realistic human airways and offers valuable data for optimizing nebulizer design and improving aerosol drug delivery efficiency in clinical applications.