bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A Combined Computational and Experimental Investigation of the Oxidative Ring‐Opening of Cyclic Ethers by Oxoammonium Cations.
Authors: Loman Jacob. J. , Carnaghan Emma R. , Hamlin Trevor A. , Ovian John M. , Kelly Christopher B. , Mercadante Michael A. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: July 2016

The limited substrate scope of the title reaction with regard to the ethers′ ring size and aryl substituents is evidenced by elucidation of the reaction mechanism by DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium(I) N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)/Phosphine Catalysts for Mild and Chemoselective Hydrogenation Processes.
Authors: Kerr William J. , Mudd Richard J. , Brown Jack A.
Published: July 2016

A catalyst system for the chemoselective hydrogenation of various alkenes bearing sensitive functional groups is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrogen Peroxide Promoted Mizoroki—Heck Reactions of Phenyldiazenes with Acrylates, Acrylamides, and Styrenes.
Authors: Lasch Roman , Fehler Stefanie K. , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: July 2016

Hydrogen peroxide is a cheap and widely applicable alternative for the established palladium‐silver(I) system.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd/C Catalyzed Carbonylation of Azides in the Presence of Amines.
Authors: Zhao Jin , Li Zongyang , Yan Shuaihu , Xu Shiyang , Wang Ming‐An , Fu Bin , Zhang Zhenhua
Published: July 2016

This new methodology provides a facile and efficient approach from simple and cheap organoazides with amines under atmospheric CO conditions, obtaining unsymmetrical ureas with good functional group tolerance.
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Temperature Boc Deprotection in Flow and Its Application in Multistep Reaction Sequences.
Authors: Bogdan Andrew R. , Charaschanya Manwika , Dombrowski Amanda W. , Wang Ying , Djuric Stevan W.
Published: July 2016

A new general and selective Boc‐deprotection in flow using the Phoenix flow reactor is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Difunctionalization Using Terminal Alkenes with Alkenyl Nonaflates and Aryl Boronic Acids.
Authors: McCammant Matthew S. , Shigeta Takashi , Sigman Matthew S.
Published: July 2016

This transformation exemplifies a unique disconnection strategy for modular and regioselective preparation of allylic arene and skipped diene patterns.
ChemInform Abstract: A General Copper‐Catalyzed Vinylic Halogen Exchange Reaction.
Authors: Nitelet Antoine , Evano Gwilherm
Published: July 2016

An efficient protocol for transformation of readily available alkenyl iodides into the corresponding chlorides or bromides is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Nickel‐Catalyzed Hydroacylation of Styrenes with Simple Aldehydes: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Xiao Li‐Jun , Fu Xiao‐Ning , Zhou Min‐Jie , Xie Jian‐Hua , Wang Li‐Xin , Xu Xiu‐Fang , Zhou Qi‐Lin
Published: July 2016

The first nickel‐catalyzed intermolecular hydroacylation of alkenes with aldehydes offers a new approach towards the selective preparation of branched ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalyst and Additive‐Free Three‐Component Reaction of Highly Electrophilic Azides with Cyclic Ketones and Cycloaliphatic Amines. Synthesis of Novel N‐Heteroaryl Amidines.
Authors: Efimov Ilya , Beliaev Nikolai , Beryozkina Tetyana , Slepukhin Pavel , Bakulev Vasiliy
Published: July 2016

A new approach for the synthesis of novel N‐imidazol‐5‐yl amidines based on a catalyst and additive‐free three‐component reaction of 5‐azido‐4‐nitroimidazole with cyclic ketones and cycloaliphatic amines is demonstrated.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkynylation/Dearomatizative Cyclization to Construct Spiro[5.5]undecanes.
Authors: Shao Jidong , Li Liqi , Zhang Jie , Hu Jingping , Xue Jijun , Li Ying
Published: July 2016

The construction of the new spiroundecanes involves the ZnMe2‐promoted alkynylation of salicylaldehydes and the HCOOH‐mediated dearomatizative cyclization for the formation of an all‐carbon quaternary spirocenter.
ChemInform Abstract: Production of Quaternary α‐Aminonitriles by Means of Indium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of Alkynes, Amines, and Trimethylsilyl Cyanide.
Authors: Hamachi Yuta , Katano Moe , Ogiwara Yohei , Sakai Norio
Published: July 2016

The synthesis involves the hydroamination of an alkyne with subsequent addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminoxidation of Arenethiols to N‐Chloro‐N‐sulfonyl Sulfinamides.
Authors: Yang Zhanhui , Xu Wei , Wu Qiuyue , Xu Jiaxi
Published: July 2016

Alkanethiols are converted into the corresponding alkylsulfonyl chlorides under these conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of N‐Sulfonylamidines of Modafinic Acid.
Authors: Bakulev Vasiliy , et al.
Published: July 2016

Novel sulfonylamidines are conveniently prepared involving a sequential thionation with Lawesson reagent, iminosulfonylation with sulfonyl azides as key step, and oxidation of the sulfide fragment with hydrogen peroxide.
ChemInform Abstract: Flow Metal‐Free Ar—C Bond Formation via Photogenerated Phenyl Cations.
Authors: Bergami Matteo , Protti Stefano , Ravelli Davide , Fagnoni Maurizio
Published: July 2016

A photoinduced rare metal and catalyst‐free arylation of mesitylene, allyltrimethylsilane, ethylvinylether, alkenoic acid, alkenols, and alkynes under continuous flow conditions are elaborated affording biaryl, allylarenes and benzyl γ‐lactones, benzyltetrahydrofuran and alkynylarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Reaction of 3‐(Tri‐n‐butylstannyl)allyl Acetates, Aldehydes, and Triorganoboranes: An Alternative to the Carbonyl Allylation Using α,γ‐Substituted Allylic Tin Reagents.
Authors: Horino Yoshikazu , Sugata Miki , Abe Hitoshi
Published: July 2016

The reaction tolerates 1‐aryl as well as 1‐hetaryl substituted 3‐(tri‐n‐butylstannyl)allyl acetates, aryl, hetaryl, alkenyl as well as alkyl aldehydes and various boranes.
ChemInform Abstract: Iridium‐Catalyzed Formal [4 + 1] Cycloaddition of Biphenylenes with Alkenes Initiated by C—C Bond Cleavage for the Synthesis of 9,9‐Disubstituted Fluorenes.
Authors: Takano Hideaki , Kanyiva Kyalo Stephen , Shibata Takanori
Published: July 2016

An unprecedented ring‐expansion of biphenylenes towards fluorenes using alkenes as C1 building blocks is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 4H‐Benz[de]anthracen‐4‐ones via 1,2‐Addition of Metal Acetylides to Benzanthrone.
Authors: Umeda Rui , Namba Teruaki , Shimizu Yuji , Nishiyama Yutaka
Published: July 2016

Title compounds (III) are easily synthesized by reaction of benzanthrone (I) with various lithium acetylides (II) followed by treatment with acidic silica gel under air.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐Spiroindolines via FeCl3‐Mediated Cyclization of Aryl‐ or Alkene‐Containing 3‐Substituted N—Ac Indoles.
Authors: Nandi Raj Kumar , Guillot Regis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Vincent Guillaume
Published: July 2016

A straightforward access to spiroindoline derivatives via the intramolecular hydroarylation of indoles mediated by FeCl3 is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxazolines as Dual‐Function Traceless Chromophores and Chiral Auxiliaries: Enantioselective Photoassisted Synthesis of Polyheterocyclic Ketones.
Authors: Mukhina Olga A. , Kutateladze Andrei G.
Published: July 2016

o‐Amidophenyloxazolines undergo excited‐state intramolecular proton transfer affording aza‐o‐xylylenes which are suitable for intramolecular [4+2] and [4+4] cycloadditions with tethered unsaturated pendants leading to the primary photoadducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Epoxidation of Cyclic Aliphatic Enones with Aqueous H2O2.
Authors: Cusso Olaf , Cianfanelli Marco , Ribas Xavi , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M. , Costas Miquel
Published: July 2016

Seven iron complexes with a C1‐symmetric tetradentate N‐based ligand are synthesized and characterized.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient One Pot Three‐Component Domino Reaction for the Synthesis of 1,3,4‐Trisubstituted Pyrroles.
Authors: Kumar Sundaravel Vivek , Muthusaravanan Sivasubramanian , Muthusubramanian Shanmugam , Perumal Subbu
Published: July 2016

The title reaction allows the efficient preparation of title compounds (IV) in a single synthetic operation from aryl propenones (I), anilines (II) and nitrostyrenes (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxy‐Allyl Cation Catalysis: An Enantioselective Electrophilic Activation Mode.
Authors: Liu Chun , Oblak E. Zachary , Vander Wal Mark N. , Dilger Andrew K. , Almstead Danielle K. , MacMillan David W. C.
Published: July 2016

Using a new amino alcohol catalyst, the enantioselective conversion of racemic α‐tosyloxy ketones into optically enriched α‐indolic carbonyls in the presence of electron‐rich indole nucleophiles is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Observations Concerning the Synthesis of Tryptamine Homologues and Branched Tryptamine Derivatives via the Borrowing Hydrogen Process: Synthesis of Psilocin, Bufotenin, and Serotonin.
Authors: Bartolucci Silvia , Mari Michele , Di Gregorio Giovanni , Piersanti Giovanni
Published: July 2016

The selective indole alkylation reaction applying the Ir‐catalyzed‐borrowing hydrogen methodology and using amino alcohols (II), (V), (VII) as suitable nitrogen‐containing electrophiles is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: C2‐Symmetric Chiral Sulfoxide‐Mediated Intermolecular Interrupted Pummerer Reaction for Enantioselective Construction of C3a‐Substituted Pyrroloindolines.
Authors: Tayu Masanori , Suzuki Yui , Higuchi Kazuhiro , Kawasaki Tomomi
Published: July 2016

The utility of this method is demonstrated in the synthesis of (+)‐psychotriasine (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Ag‐Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Activated Trifluoromethyl‐Substituted Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Ponce Alberto , Alonso Ines , Adrio Javier , Carretero Juan C.
Published: July 2016

The Ag‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of fluorinated azomethine ylides with a variety of olefins results in a highly endo‐diastereoselective synthesis of β‐trifluoromethyl pyrrolidines.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline‐Earth‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Functionalization of Methyl Azaarenes and Its Use in a One‐Pot Four‐Component Synthesis of Azaarenyl Benzylpyrazolones.
Authors: Yaragorla Srinivasarao , Dada Ravikrishna , Singh Garima
Published: July 2016

For the first time, calcium triflate is used to catalyze a 4‐component reaction between aldehydes, 2‐methylquinolines, ethyl acetoacetate, and arylhydrazines to give 1‐aryl‐3‐methyl‐4‐ [2‐(quinolin‐2‐yl)‐1‐aryl/alkyl‐ethyl]‐2H‐pyrazol‐5‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nitrone Cycloadditions of 1,2‐Cyclohexadiene.
Authors: Barber Joyann S. , Styduhar Evan D. , Pham Hung V. , McMahon Travis C. , Houk K. N. , Garg Neil K.
Published: July 2016

The first 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition of in situ generated 1,2‐cyclohexadiene is reported, which occurs regioselectively and with notable endo preference, resulting in the controlled formation of two new bonds and two stereogenic centers.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodine Catalyzed Simple and Efficient Synthesis of Antiproliferative 2‐Pyridones.
Authors: Buduma Komuraiah , Chinde Srinivas , Arigari Niranjana Kumar , Grover Paramjit , Srinivas K. V. N. S. , Kotesh Kumar J.
Published: July 2016

A simple and efficient method for the selective synthesis of 2‐pyridones (II) (13 examples) from corresponding 4H‐pyrans (I) is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Alkenylation of Alkylazaarenes with Aldehydes Through C(sp3)—H Functionalization under Catalytic InCl3 Activation.
Authors: Jamal Zaini , Teo Yong‐Chua , Lim Gina Shiyun
Published: July 2016

The direct alkenylation of primary and secondary benzylic C—H bonds of alkylquinoline derivatives with aldehydes is achieved in the presence of InCl3 as the catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(II)‐Catalyzed Modular Synthesis of Isoquinolines from Vinyl Isocyanides and Hydrazines.
Authors: Mao Hong , Gao Mingchun , Liu Bingxin , Xu Bin
Published: July 2016

A novel method for the preparation of isoquinolines by a Mn‐catalyzed oxidative cyclization of vinyl isocyanides with hydrazines is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Three‐Component Domino Cyclization of Novel Carbazole and Indole Fused Pyrano[2,3‐c]pyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Zhang Wenhui , Wang Jianqiang , Mao Jingpeng , Hu Li , Wu Xiaohua , Guo Cheng
Published: July 2016

A facile and reliable three‐component intramolecular six‐membered heterocyclization as an alternative method for the efficient synthesis of fused carbazole and indole pyrano[2,3‐c]‐pyridine derivatives is reported, starting from commercially available hydroxycarbazole or hydroxyindole with diverse aromatic aldehydes and aminopropenetricarbonitrile.
ChemInform Abstract: Sequential Ketene Generation from Dioxane‐4,6‐dione‐keto‐dioxinones for the Synthesis of Terpenoid Resorcylates.
Authors: Elliott Daniel C. , Ma Tsz‐Kan , Selmani Aymane , Cookson Rosa , Parsons Philip J. , Barrett Anthony G. M.
Published: July 2016

Kiegiel‐type reaction of alcohols with the ketene generated in situ by thermolysis of compound (I) furnishes dioxinone‐β‐ketoesters which are transformed into the title compounds by Pd(0)‐catalyzed decarboxylative allyl migration and aromatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Acetate as a Catalyst for the Sequential Protodeboronation of Di‐ and Triborylated Indoles.
Authors: Shen Fangyi , Tyagarajan Sriram , Perera Damith , Krska Shane W. , Maligres Peter E. , Smith Milton R. , Maleczka Robert E. Jr.
Published: July 2016

An iridium‐catalyzed preparation of mono‐, di‐ and triborylated indole derivatives followed by bismuth‐ or iridium‐catalyzed protodeborylation is described which allows for the regioselective synthesis of 4‐, 5‐ or 7‐monoborylated, 2,7‐, 4,7‐ and 3,5‐diborylated as well as 2,4,7‐triborylated indole derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Highly Selective Silylation of Vinylpyridines at the β‐Olefinic Carbon by Magnesium‐Promoted Reduction.
Authors: Zhang Tianyuan , Zhang Zeyu , Nishiyama Yutaro , Maekawa Hirofumi
Published: July 2016

The Mg‐promoted reductive silylation of 2‐ and 4‐vinylpyridines gives rise to the formation of the corresponding β‐mono‐silylated compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Non‐Precious‐Metal Catalytic Systems Involving Iron or Cobalt Carboxylates and Alkyl Isocyanides for Hydrosilylation of Alkenes with Hydrosiloxanes.
Authors: Noda Daisuke , Tahara Atsushi , Sunada Yusuke , Nagashima Hideo
Published: July 2016

The catalyst systems are expected to be applicable to industrial processes for modification of silicon fluids and generation of silicon gels.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver(I)‐Mediated Phosphorylation/Cyclization Cascade of N‐Cyanamide Alkenes for Divergent Access to Quinazolinones and Dihydroisoquinolinones.
Authors: Zheng Jing , Zhang Yan , Wang Dahai , Cui Sunliang
Published: July 2016

Ag‐Mediated divergent phosphorylation/cyclization cascade of N‐cyanamide alkenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Atisane Diterpenoids from Spiraea japonica.
Authors: Qin Xiang‐Dong , Yang Shu , Zhao Yan , Wang Li‐Xia , Ren Fu‐Cai , Wang Fei
Published: July 2016

Three new atisane diterpenoids, spiratisanin A (Ia), spiratisanin B (Ib), and spiratisanin C (II) are isolated from the whole plant of Spiraea japonica together with two known atisine diterpene alkaloids.
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot InCl3‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1‐Glycosylmethyl‐1H‐imidazoles.
Authors: Petrusova Maria , Smrticova Hana , Pribulova Bozena , Vlckova Silvia , Uhliarikova Iveta , Docsa Tibor , Somsak Laszlo , Petrus Ladislav
Published: July 2016

A simple protocol allows the four component condensation of six different C‐glycosyl methylamines, 1,2‐diketones, formaldehyde, and ammonium acetate to give imidazole substituted products such as (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: Three New Lycopodium Alkaloids from Phlegmariurus fargesii.
Authors: Hao Li‐Jun , Zhou Yun‐Jing , Wang Lu‐Lu , Pan Ke
Published: July 2016

Three new Lycopodium alkaloids fargesiine A (Ia), fargesiine B (Ib), and fargesiine C (II) are isolated from Phlegmariurus fargesii together with one known compound.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Bisavenanthramide B‐6 by an Anionic Anhydride Mannich Reaction.
Authors: Di Maso Michael J. , Nepomuceno Gabriella M. , St. Peter Michael A. , Gitre Haley H. , Martin Kevin S. , Shaw Jared T.
Published: July 2016

The first anionic anhydride Mannich reaction and its application to the densely substituted core of the complex natural product, bisavenanthramide B‐6 (V) is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Pseudonocardides A—G, New γ‐Butyrolactones from Marine‐Derived Pseudonocardia sp. YIM M13669.
Authors: Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Zhang Dao‐Feng , Li Wen‐Jun , Lu Chun‐Hua
Published: July 2016

The new γ‐butyrolactones pseudonocardides A—G (I)—(VII) are isolated from marine‐derived Pseudonocardia sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Multipolar Phases and Magnetically Hidden Order: Review of the Heavy‐Fermion Compound Ce1‐xLaxB6
Authors: Cameron Alistair S. , Friemel Gerd , Inosov Dmytro S.
Published: July 2016

Review: [179 refs.).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Layered Double Hydroxides Containing Mg2+, Zn2+, Ca2+ and Al3+ Layer Cations by Co‐Precipitation Methods ‐ A Review
Authors: Theiss Frederick L. , Ayoko Godwin A. , Frost Ray L.
Published: July 2016

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Boron Nitride Nanotubes for Spintronics
Authors: Dhungana Kamal B. , Pati Ranjit
Published: July 2016

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controlled Growth of Semiconducting and Metallic Single‐Wall Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liu Chang , Cheng Hui‐Ming
Published: July 2016

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Metallafurans and Their Synthetic Chemistry
Authors: He Guomei , Chen Jiangxi , Xia Haiping
Published: July 2016

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Nature of the Dative Bond: Coordination to Metals and Beyond. The Carbon Case
Authors: Lepetit Christine , Maraval Valerie , Canac Yves , Chauvin Remi
Published: July 2016

Review: 219 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The 1,3‐Dioxane Motif — A Useful Tool in Monitoring Molecular and Supramolecular Architectures
Authors: Bogdan Elena , Hadade Niculina D. , Terec Anamaria , Grosu Ion
Published: July 2016

Review: [12 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed sp3 C—H Oxidation Using Oxime as Directing Group—Applications in Total Synthesis
Authors: Hui Chunngai , Xu Jing
Published: July 2016

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Alcohol C—H Functionalization for Polyketide Construction: Unlocking Redox‐Economy and Site‐Selectivity for Ideal Chemical Synthesis
Authors: Feng Jiajie , Kasun Zachary A. , Krische Michael J.
Published: July 2016

Review: [75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Classical‐Reaction‐Driven Stereo‐ and Regioselective C(sp3)—H Functionalization of Aliphatic Amines
Authors: Mahato Sujit , Jana Chandan K.
Published: July 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: On the Mechanism of Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition
Authors: Zhu Lei , Brassard Christopher J. , Zhang Xiaoguang , Guha P. M. , Clark Ronald J.
Published: July 2016

Review: [71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrene‐Fused Acenes and Azaacenes: Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Li Junbo , Chen Shao , Wang Zilong , Zhang Qichun
Published: July 2016

Review: [51 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress on Nazarov Cyclizations: The Use of Iron Salts as Catalysts in Ionic Liquid Solvent Systems
Authors: Itoh Toshiyuki , Nokami Toshiki , Kawatsura Motoi
Published: July 2016

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal‐Participated Synthesis and Utilization of N‐Containing Heterocycles: Exploring for Nitrogen Sources
Authors: Gao Mingchun , Xu Bin
Published: July 2016

Review: [37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Different Strategies for the Stabilization of Acenes and Acene Analogues
Authors: Shi Xueliang , Chi Chunyan
Published: July 2016

Review: [25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Controllable Catalysis with Nanoparticles: Bimetallic Alloy Systems and Surface Adsorbates
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Rodionov Valentin O.
Published: July 2016

Review: 118 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Isocyanide‐based Multicomponent Reactions for the Synthesis of Heterocycles
Authors: Varadi Andras , Palmer Travis C. , Dardashti Rebecca Notis , Majumdar Susruta
Published: July 2016

Review: 85 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrans: Heterocycles of Chemical and Biological Interest
Authors: Kumar K. Ajay , Renuka N. , Kumar G. Vasanth , Lokeshwari D. M.
Published: July 2016

Review: up to date information about the developments, exploration of new methodologieand varied biological activities of pyran analogs; 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Glycosylated Metal Phthalocyanines
Authors: Hanack Michael
Published: July 2016

Review: preparation of symmetrical and unsymmetrical mono‐; tetra‐; and octa‐glycosylated zinc phthalocyanines; 42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Surface and Interface Design in Cocatalysts for Photocatalytic Water Splitting and CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bai Song , Yin Wenjie , Wang Lili , Li Zhengquan , Xiong Yujie
Published: July 2016

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Organolanthanide Building Block Approach to Single‐Molecule Magnets
Authors: Harriman Katie L. M. , Murugesu Muralee
Published: July 2016

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Control of Chemical Reactivity by Transition‐State and Beyond
Authors: Guo Hua , Liu Kopin
Published: July 2016

Review: 138 refs.
Cellulose Aerogel Fibers Tested on a REXUS 18 Rocket – The ACTOR Project
Authors: Schulz Björn , Meinert Tobias , Bierbüsse David , Busen Michel , Körtzinger Nina , Stankowski Michael , Seide Gunnar
Published: July 2016

Aerogels are high‐performance materials used for space and aviation purposes. Cellulose aerogel fibers have been investigated under real space conditions for their insulation properties. The experiments were carried out in a one‐stage high‐altitude research rocket of the improved ORION type. A cuboid module with measurement cells, camera modules, and electronic devices has been developed for monitoring the insulation behavior of cellulose aerogel non‐woven samples. The thermal behavior of these samples has been analyzed and compared to cellulose cloth (cotton) and aluminum for reference.
The Plug & Play Reactor: A Highly Flexible Device for Heterogeneous Reactions in Continuous Flow
Authors: Lichtenegger Georg J. , Tursic Vitan , Kitzler Hannes , Obermaier Klemens , Khinast Johannes G. , Gruber‐Wölfler Heidrun
Published: July 2016

The so‐called plug & play reactor is a novel reaction device with exchangeable reaction segments as well as modules for heating/cooling and mixing. Its performance is demonstrated for two model processes: the production of acetylsalicylic acid with a fixed bed of commercial ion‐exchange particles and a Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling with a solid Pd‐catalyst developed by us. The reaction progress was monitored by inline UV‐vis spectroscopy and compared with offline HPLC. The novel set‐up leads to quantitative yields and selectivity as well as to an improved practicability of the processes.
Crystallization of Nano‐Calcium Carbonate: The Influence of Process Parameters
Authors: Aldea Steliana , Snåre Mathias , Eränen Kari , Grenman Henrik , Rautio Anne‐Riikka , Kordás Krisztian , Mikkola Jyri‐Pekka , Salmi Tapio , Murzin Dmitry Y.
Published: July 2016

Precipitated calcium carbonate was synthesized by carbonation of calcium hydroxide in the presence and absence of ultrasound (conventional stirring) at atmospheric as well as at elevated pressures and different initial concentrations of Ca(OH)2. Spherical morphology of the formed calcite was favored at high Ca(OH)2 concentrations and low CO2 pressures. The presence of ultrasound did not show any influence on the reaction rate in case of efficient mixing. A small increase of the reaction rate was observed at lower CO2 pressures. Elevated pressures in combination with ultrasound did not lead to notable changes of reaction rate or particle morphology.
Mathematical modelling of T‐cells activation dynamics for CD3 molecules recycling process
Authors: Ali Qasim , Mustafa Ibrahim H. , Elkamel Ali , Touboul Eric , Gruy Frederic , Lambert Claude
Published: July 2016

The down‐regulation of CD3 protein present on the surface of a T‐cell triggers the process of activation. A rapid decrease of CD3 from the surface is required to reach the threshold that is necessary for the continuation of the activation process. Using the flow cytometry technique, it is well established that an amount of down‐regulated CD3 proteins recycle and may appear on the surface of T‐cell. This article studies the impact of recycled CD3 protein that is recruited into the immune synapse at different rates. The population density of T‐cells is distributed over surface protein (CD3) concentration under the framework of population balance models by using a coupled system of PDEs. Such problems need non‐conventional population balance modelling so that classical numerical techniques can be applied. A recently developed efficient numerical method is validated against the analytical and numerical solutions.
Understanding inflammation in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: How immune biomarkers guide clinical strategies in the systemic onset subtype
Authors: Swart Joost F. , de Roock Sytze , Prakken Berent J.
Published: July 2016

The translation of basic insight in immunological mechanisms underlying inflammation into clinical practice of inflammatory diseases is still challenging. Here we describe how—through continuous dialogue between bench and bedside—immunological knowledge translates into tangible clinical use in a complex inflammatory disease, juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Systemic JIA (sJIA) is an autoinflammatory disease, leading to the very successful use of IL‐1 antagonists. Further immunological studies identified new immune markers for diagnosis, prediction of complications, response to and successful withdrawal of therapy. Myeloid related protein (MRP)8, MRP14, S100A12, and Interleukin‐18 are already used daily in clinic as markers for active sJIA. For non‐sJIA subtypes, HLA‐B27, antinuclear‐antibodies, rheumatoid factor, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C‐reactive protein are still used for classification, prognosis or active disease. MRP8, MRP14, and S100A12 are now under study for clinical practice. We believe that with biomarkers, algorithms can soon be designed for the individual risk of disease, complications, damage, prediction of response to, and successful withdrawal of therapy. In that way, less time will be lost and less pain will be suffered by the patients. In this review, we describe the current status of immunological biomarkers used in diagnosis and treatment of JIA.
Postsynthetic Modification of Zirconium Metal‐Organic Frameworks
Authors: Marshall Ross J. , Forgan Ross S.
Published: July 2016

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have been in the spotlight for a number of years due to their chemical and topological versatility. As MOF research has progressed, highly functionalised materials have become desirable for specific applications, and in many cases the limitations of direct synthesis have been realised. This has resulted in the search for alternative synthetic routes, with postsynthetic modification (PSM), a term used to collectively describe the functionalisation of pre‐synthesised MOFs whilst maintaining their desired characteristics, becoming a topic of interest. Advances in the scope of reactions performed are reported regularly; however reactions requiring harsh conditions can result in degradation of the framework. Zirconium‐based MOFs present high chemical, thermal and mechanical stabilities, offering wider opportunities for the scope of reaction conditions that can be tolerated, which has seen a number of successful examples reported. This microreview discusses pertinent examples of PSM resulting in enhanced properties for specific applications, alongside fundamental transformations, which are categorised broadly into covalent modifications, surface transformations, metalations, linker and metal exchange, and cluster modifications.
Gold‐Catalyzed Chemoselective Synthesis of Heterocycles from 3‐(2‐Azidophenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols and Aldehydes
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Sun Xiaoping , Fan Hui , Li Ping , Lyu Chang , Rao Weidong
Published: July 2016

An efficient method to prepare 6‐(2‐azidophenyl)‐4H‐1,3‐dioxins and 4,5‐dihydro[1,3]dioxino[5,4‐b]indoles by gold‐catalyzed tandem‐annulation of 3‐(2‐azidophenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols with aldehydes was examined. The reactions afforded the products in moderate to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Uniquely, the reactions proceeded with complete control of product chemoselectivity for a variety of 3‐(2‐azidophenyl)prop‐2‐yn‐1‐ols in the presence of 2‐dicyclohexylphosphino‐2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylbiphenylgold(I) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (XPhosAuNTf2).
Liquid chromatography coupled to molecular fluorescence with postcolumn UV sensitization for thimerosal and derivative compounds monitoring in environmental samples
Authors: Acosta Gimena , Torres Sabier , Kaplan Marcos , Fernández Liliana P. , Pacheco Pablo H. , Gil Raúl A.
Published: July 2016

A HPLC coupled with molecular fluorescence (MF) spectrometry method for determination of thimerosal (THM, sodium ethylmercurythiosalicylate, C9H9HgNaO2S), and derivatives is proposed. A sensitization of MF was provoked by UV irradiation of analytes in a home‐made photoreactor that served as interface between the LC column and MF spectrometer. This method is applied to determination of THM, ethyl mercury, and thiosalicylic acid in samples of pharmaceutical industry effluents, and waters of La Carolina and Jáchal rivers situated in the center‐west side of San Luis city and in the east of San Juan city (Middle West, Argentine) where the effluents are dumped. The LODs calculated on basis of 3σ criterion were 1.8, 5, and 0.05 μmol/L for THM, ethyl mercury, and for thiosalicylic acid, respectively.
Photoanode/Electrolyte Interface Stability in Aqueous Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Galliano Simone , Bella Federico , Gerbaldi Claudio , Falco Marisa , Viscardi Guido , Grätzel Michael , Barolo Claudia
Published: July 2016

O'Regan and Grätzel conceived a dye‐sensitized solar cell (DSSC), which operates as an artificial photosynthetic system converting solar light into electricity. Nevertheless, it is only recently that the scientific community is focusing on truly aqueous DSSCs that use water as electrolyte, thus avoiding any flammable and toxic organic solvents. The most critical aspect of these devices is the photoanode/electrolyte interface. Indeed, it is necessary to select dyes that chemisorb onto the semiconductor layer while allowing the aqueous electrolyte to thoroughly impregnate the mesostructure of the electrode; at the same time, it is necessary to avoid the anchoring unit of the dye to be hydrolyzed by water, thus causing the detachment of the sensitizer from the active material particles. This requires a thorough analysis of the structure–property relationships, in particular the evaluation of the chemical formula, stability, and performances of the dyes on the electrode surface in truly aqueous environment. Herein, we investigate nine different sensitizers, selected based on their different properties in terms of light absorption, chemical structure, and hydrophobic/hydrophilic nature. Wettability, resistance to dye desorption, and spectral variations of sensitized photoanodes, along with the photovoltaic performance of the resulting devices, are systematically investigated to identify some useful guidelines to choose and design suitable dyes of different colors for truly aqueous DSSCs.
A fully discrete ALE method over untwisted time–space control volumes
Authors: Qi Jin , Li Jiequan
Published: July 2016

In this paper, a fully discrete high‐resolution arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method is developed over untwisted time–space control volumes. In the framework of the finite volume method, 2D Euler equations are discretized over untwisted moving control volumes, and the resulting numerical flux is computed using the generalized Riemann problem solver. Then, the fluid flows between meshes at two successive time steps can be updated without a remapping process in the classic ALE method. This remapping‐free ALE method directly couples the mesh motion into a physical variable update to reflect the temporal evolution in the whole process. An untwisted moving mesh is generated in terms of the vorticity‐free part of the fluid velocity according to the Helmholtz theorem. Some typical numerical tests show the competitive performance of the current method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characterizing Genetic Transitions of Copy Number Alterations and Allelic Imbalances in Oral Tongue Carcinoma Metastasis
Authors: Morita Takuma , Uzawa Narikazu , Mogushi Kaoru , Sumino Jun , Michikawa Chieko , Takahashi Ken‐Ichiro , Myo Kunihiro , Izumo Toshiyuki , Harada Kiyoshi
Published: July 2016

Primary tumor (PT) heterogeneity can significantly affect the genetic profile of clones at metastatic sites. To understand the mechanisms underlying metastasis, we compared the genetic profile of paired PT and metastatic lymph node (MLN) samples obtained from patients with oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC). Large‐scale genetic profiling was performed on paired PT‐MLN samples obtained from 10 OTSCC patients using high‐density single‐nucleotide polymorphism microarrays. We compared the genetic profile of PT and MLN OTSCC samples to identify common and specific copy number alterations and copy‐neutral loss‐of‐heterozygosity (CN‐LOH). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis indicated that 8 of the 10 PT‐MLN sample pairs formed clusters, indicating that the primary and metastatic tumors were composed of predominantly genetically similar tumor cells. In 6 of the 10 pairs, 8q11.21, 8q12.2‐3, and 8q21.3 gains, and 22q11.23 loss were detected in both the PT and MLN. In addition, 16p11.2 CN‐LOH was identified in 9 of the 10 pairs. Conversely, 20q11.2 gain was only observed in the MLNs of 5 of the 10 sample pairs, indicating that genes in this chromosomal region may play a significant role in OTSCC lymph node metastasis. To confirm this, we investigated the expression of two candidate 20q11.2 genes in a separate patient cohort. The expression of one of these genes, E2F1, was significantly increased during the process of metastasis. This study indicates that additional genetic changes, such as 20q11.2 gain, which encodes the E2F1 gene, can be acquired through clonal evolution, and may be required for the metastatic process. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The insulin‐like growth factor I receptor regulates glucose transport by astrocytes
Authors: Hernandez‐Garzón Edwin , Fernandez Ana M. , Perez‐Alvarez Alberto , Genis Laura , Bascuñana Pablo , Fernandez de la Rosa Ruben , Delgado Mercedes , Angel Pozo Miguel , Moreno Estefania , McCormick Peter J. , Santi Andrea , Trueba‐Saiz Angel , Garcia‐Caceres Cristina , Tschöp Matthias H. , Araque Alfonso , Martin Eduardo D. , Torres Aleman Ignacio
Published: July 2016

Previous findings indicate that reducing brain insulin‐like growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR) activity promotes ample neuroprotection. We now examined a possible action of IGF‐IR on brain glucose transport to explain its wide protective activity, as energy availability is crucial for healthy tissue function. Using 18FGlucose PET we found that shRNA interference of IGF‐IR in mouse somatosensory cortex significantly increased glucose uptake upon sensory stimulation. In vivo microscopy using astrocyte specific staining showed that after IGF‐IR shRNA injection in somatosensory cortex, astrocytes displayed greater increases in glucose uptake as compared to astrocytes in the scramble‐injected side. Further, mice with the IGF‐IR knock down in astrocytes showed increased glucose uptake in somatosensory cortex upon sensory stimulation. Analysis of underlying mechanisms indicated that IGF‐IR interacts with glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), the main facilitative glucose transporter in astrocytes, through a mechanism involving interactions with the scaffolding protein GIPC and the multicargo transporter LRP1 to retain GLUT1 inside the cell. These findings identify IGF‐IR as a key modulator of brain glucose metabolism through its inhibitory action on astrocytic GLUT1 activity. GLIA 2016;64:1962–1971
Snow hydrology signatures for model identification within a limits‐of‐acceptability approach
Authors: Schaefli Bettina
Published: July 2016

Discharge simulation from snow‐dominated catchments seems to be an easy task. Any spatially explicit precipitation–runoff model coupled to a temperature‐index snow model generally yields simulations that mimic well the observed daily discharges. The robustness of such models is, however, questionable: in the presence of strong annual discharge cycles, small model residuals do not guarantee high explanatory power of the underlying model. This paper proposes a methodology for snow hydrological model identification within a limits‐of‐acceptability framework, where acceptable model simulations are the ones that reproduce a set of signatures within an a priori specified range. The signatures proposed here namely include the relationship between the air temperature regime and the discharge regime, a new snow hydrology signature that can be readily transferred to other Alpine settings. The discriminatory power of all analysed signatures is assessed with a new measure of their discriminatory power in the model prediction domain. The value of the proposed snow hydrology signatures and of the limits‐of‐acceptability approach is demonstrated for the Dischma river in Switzerland, whose discharge shows a strong temporal variability of hydrologic forcing conditions over the last 30 years. The signature‐based model identification for this case study leads to the surprising conclusion that the observed discharge data contains a multi‐year period that cannot be reproduced with the model at hand. This model‐data mismatch might well result from a yet to be identified problem with the discharge observations, which would have been difficult to detect in a classical residual‐based model identification approach. Overall, the detailed results for this case study underline the robustness of the limits‐of‐acceptability approach in the presence of error‐prone observations if it is applied in combination with relatively robust signatures. Future work will show whether snow hydrology signatures and their limits‐of‐acceptability can be regionalized to ungauged catchments, which would make this model selection approach particularly powerful for Alpine environments. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Serum NSE, MMP‐9 and HER2 extracellular domain are associated with brain metastases in metastatic breast cancer patients: predictive biomarkers for brain metastases?
Authors: Darlix Amélie , Lamy Pierre‐Jean , Lopez‐Crapez Evelyne , Braccini Antoine Laurent , Firmin Nelly , Romieu Gilles , Thézenas Simon , Jacot William
Published: July 2016

Breast cancer (BC) is the second most common cause of brain metastases (BM). Predictive factors for BM have been widely studied in metastatic BC; however, there is no known serum tumor marker to accurately predict BM. Elevated serum S100ß protein and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) could reflect the brain damages induced by BM. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‐9) is involved in tumor invasion and metastatic dissemination, including BM. Also, HER2‐amplified BC were shown to have a particular tropism for central nervous system (CNS). This study evaluated the correlation of these biomarkers with the presence of BM in metastatic BC patients. In this case‐control study, 88 consecutive metastatic BC patients with BM (BM group) treated in our institution (2008–2015) were retrospectively selected, based on the availability of frozen serum samples for tumor marker determination. Patients were matched by age, tumor biology and number of previous metastatic chemotherapy lines to 162 metastatic BC patients without CNS involvement (control group). Serum NSE, MMP‐9 and HER2 extracellular domain (ECD) levels were significantly higher in the BM group (p = 0.0051, p = 0.0062 and p = 0.0057, respectively). In multivariate analysis, serum HER2 and MMP‐9 levels accurately discriminated patients with BM: odds ratios 4.4 (p < 0.001; 95%CI: 1.9–9.6) for HER2 ECD and 3.5 (p = 0.005; 95%CI: 1.5–8.4) for MMP‐9. In multivariate analysis, HER2 ECD and NSE serum levels were independent prognostic factors in patients with BM. Serum HER2 ECD and MMP‐9 appear to be associated with BM in metastatic BC patients. Their predictive value for BM still needs to be evaluated in further prospective studies.
Does cefuroxime alter fracture healing in vivo? A micro‐computertomographic, biomechanical, and histomorphometric evaluation using a rat fracture model
Authors: Bissinger Oliver , Kreutzer Kilian , Wolff Klaus‐Dietrich , Wexel Gabriele , Hapfelmeier Alexander , Pautke Christoph , Vogt Stephan , Michael Prodinger Peter , Tischer Thomas
Published: July 2016

Cefuroxime is widely used for antibiotic prophylaxis in orthopedic surgery. However, a recent study indicated a dose‐dependent reduction in osteoblast function in vitro. Nevertheless, cell culture might not sufficiently imitate the complex process of bone remodeling. As data concerning possible in vivo interactions of cefuroxime on fracture healing are completely missing, we investigated the following hypothesis: Does Cefuroxime impair bone healing in vivo? Therefore, 34 male Wistar rats were randomised to cefuroxime‐treated or control groups, a Kirschner wire was inserted into right femora and closed transverse fractures were produced. Twenty‐one days later, the structural properties of the fracture callus in the early fracture healing phase were evaluated via a combination of micro‐CT (μCT), biomechanics and histology. µCT demonstrated similar values in the cefuroxime and control group (e.g., callus volume: 67.19 ± 14.90 mm3 vs. 55.35 ± 6.74 mm3, p = 0.12; density: 635.48 ± 14.81 mg HA/cm3 vs. 647.87 ± 13.01 mg HA/cm3, p = 0.16). Biomechanically, similar values were again determined between the groups, in terms of both maximum load (77.65 ± 41.82 vs. 78.54 ± 20.52, p = 0.95) and stiffness (122.44 ± 81.16 vs. 123.74 ± 60.08, p = 0.97). Histological findings were consistent with the radiographic results. Thus, no relevant differences between the cefuroxime and control groups could be found and the reported negative effects on osteoblasts in vitro were not confirmed in vivo by using standard concentrations of cefuroxime. In conclusion, cefuroxime can reasonably be recommended in a clinical setting as an antibiotic therapy when fracture healing is involved. However, supraphysiological doses were not evaluated, which may be present when cefuroxime is used as an additive to bone cement and released over time. Therefore, future studies should evaluate the in vivo effects of prolonged high cefuroxime doses on implant incorporation. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 2282–2291, 2017.
Synthesis and structure of a new trinuclear nickel(II) complex bridged by N‐[3‐(Dimethylamino)propyl]‐N′‐(2‐hydroxyphenyl)oxamido: in vitro anticancer activities, and reactivities toward DNA and protein
Authors: Wang Ju‐Ju , Wang Ling‐Yang , Zheng Kang , Li Yan‐Tuan , Yan Cui‐Wei , Wu Zhi‐Yong
Published: July 2016

A new trinickel(II) complex bridged by N‐[3‐(dimethylamino)propyl]‐ N′‐(2‐hydroxylphenyl)oxamido (H3pdmapo), namely [Ni3(pdmapo)2(H2O)2]⋅4CH3OH, was synthesized and characterized by X‐ray single‐crystal diffraction and other methods. In the molecule, two symmetric cis‐pdmapo3− mononickel(II) complexes as a “complex ligand” using the carbonyl oxygen atoms coordinate to the center nickel(II) ion situated on an inversion point. The Ni···Ni distance through the oxamido bridge is 5.2624(4) Å. The center nickel(II) ion and the lateral ones have octahedral and square‐planar coordination geometries, respectively. In the crystal, a three‐dimensional supramolecular network dominated by hydrogen bonds is observed. The reactivity toward DNA/protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) revealed that the complex could interact with herring sperm DNA (HS‐DNA) through the intercalation mode and quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA via a static mechanism. The in vitro anticancer activities suggested that the complex is active against the selected tumor cell lines.
Factors influencing pharmacy students’ internship site choice
Authors: Leversha Anne , Stewart Kay
Published: July 2016

Background

Experiential placements are an essential component of undergraduate pharmacy education in Australia. However, the influence the placements have on students’ choice of intern site warrants further investigation.

Aim

The aim of this study is to identify factors that influence Monash pharmacy students’ choice of site for their intern training.

Method

Two questionnaires relating to the practical experience placements (PEPs) were completed by students during their final year of undergraduate study. The first questionnaire was conducted prior to hospital pharmacy selection and the second one after that selection process.

Results

Almost two‐thirds of respondents stated that the expectation of a good internship experience was their reason for choosing their site. Having previous or ongoing employment at the chosen site was also influential. About three‐quarters listed being close to home or university (the site of the training seminars) as a reason for choosing the location of their site.

Conclusion

Overall, PEPs have a strong influence on the students’ intern site preferences, with metropolitan hospital placements being the major influence.
White LEDs using the sharp β‐sialon: Eu phosphor and Mn‐doped red phosphor for wide‐color gamut display applications
Authors: Yoshimura Kenichi , Fukunaga Hiroshi , Izumi Makoto , Masuda Masatsugu , Uemura Toyonori , Takahashi Kohsei , Xie Rong‐Jun , Hirosaki Naoto
Published: July 2016

The sharp β‐sialon (Si6‐zAlzOzN8‐z : 0 < z < 0.1):Eu green phosphor, combining with a blue LED and CaAlSiN3:Eu red phosphor, is suitable for the wide‐color gamut white LEDs backlighting system, because of its sharp and asymmetric emission spectrum shape. However, the color gamut and the brightness of the aforementioned display is restricted because of the wide emission band of the CaAlSiN3:Eu red phosphor. In this work, we used K2SiF6:Mn as an alternate red phosphor, which has a sharp emission spectrum. The display with the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K2SiF6:Mn shows a wide‐color gamut, which covers the hole NTSC triangle. The use of K2SiF6:Mn enables to realize not only a wider color gamut but also a higher brightness of displays, compared with the use of CaAlSiN3:Eu. Furthermore, it is confirmed that the white LED using sharp β‐sialon:Eu and K2SiF6:Mn is stable against temperature and also durable under the accelerated drive conditions.
Determination of sulfonate ester genotoxic impurities in imatinib mesylate by gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Chaozheng , Huang Lin , Wu Zhiguo , Chang Chuanyou , Yang Zhidong
Published: July 2016

Methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate are potential genotoxic impurities in imatinib mesylate. In this work, a simple, sensitive, reliable, and fast gas chromatography with mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous determination of methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate was developed and validated. Total analysis time was only 7 min. An n‐hexane/water solution was used to dissolve samples, and then extracted‐ion‐chromatogram mode was used to quantify methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate. Calibration curves showed good linearity over the studied range for methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate. The correlation coefficient of fit exceeded 0.999 for each impurity. The LOD and LOQ of methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate were as low as 0.001 and 0.005 μg/mL, respectively, with RSDs of the peak area within 1.06–1.96%. Method accuracy was within 97.2–99.8% for methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate. Therefore, this method can be used to quantify methyl methanesulfonate and ethyl methanesulfonate impurities at extremely low levels in imatinib mesylate.