bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Less Common Helminths
Authors: PROCOP GARY W.
Published: January 2025

There are a wide variety of less commonly encountered helminthic parasites, which may be nematodes, cestodes, or trematodes. The diseases caused by these parasites are interesting and demonstrate their highly evolved life cycles and the complex interactions with their hosts. This chapter covers the less common causes of helminthic parasitic infections, particularly those caused by the less common nematodes and cestodes.
Spirometra
species, the etiologic agent of sparganosis, is the only less common cestode. Descriptions of a few of the other less common cestodes that may infect humans are given. Dietary and folk‐medicine customs are also important in the prevalence of human disease, as many of these are associated with the ingestion or application of raw animal products. The treatment of these parasites varies depending on the infectious agent, but common preventive measures may significantly diminish the transmission of many of these parasitic diseases.
Effect of Hot Deformation Plus Aging Treatment on the Microhardness of a TC18 Alloy
Authors: Zhang Huijie , Lin Yong Cheng , Su Gang , Zhang Song , Wu GuiCheng , Zeng Ningfu
Published: January 2025

The effect of hot deformation plus aging treatment on the microhardness of a solid solution TC18 titanium alloy is investigated. First, the microstructure evolution during hot deformation and aging treatment stages is analyzed. Additionally, the influence of deformation parameters on microstructure evolutions of the aged alloy is further studied. After aging treatment, the alloy exhibits a trimodal microstructure, which contributes to its excellent mechanical performance. Aging treatment significantly refines the microstructure, which is also influenced by deformation parameters. The microhardness variations at different stages are subsequently analyzed and how deformation conditions affect the microhardness of the aged alloy is examined. Aging treatment substantially enhances microhardness through the precipitation of acicular α phases. Deformation parameters also have a significant impact. A predictive model for the microhardness of the aged alloy is established using machine learning methods, achieving high accuracy. This research is significant for tailoring the desired microhardness of TC18 alloys during die forging and subsequent aging treatment.
Carbonized Polymer Dots‐Based Spectrally Adaptable Photonic Microbarcodes
Authors: Barman Barun Kumar , Watanabe Keisuke , Nagao Tadaaki
Published: January 2025

Carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) are versatile nanomaterials with remarkable optical properties that enable their use in a wide range of photonics applications. CPDs exhibit excitation‐wavelength‐dependent tunable emissions that span the visible to near‐infrared (NIR) spectrum. In this study, whispering‐gallery‐mode (WGM) emission achieved using CPDs‐coated monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microbeads (CPDs@PS) are used to develop wavelength‐adaptable photonic barcodes by leveraging the excitation‐dependent photoluminescence of CPDs. Each resonant emission peak acts as a unique fingerprint of photonics barcodes related to the corresponding microresonator caused by WGM emission. These photonic barcodes can be easily disguised and then authenticated by varying the excitation wavelength. WGM‐based barcodes can exhibit a large number of encoding capacities by adjusting the resonator diameter. Monodisperse CPDs@PS microbeads (3, 4.5, and 6 µm) are used to demonstrate adaptable photonic barcodes, which can improve the readability and reproducibility of spectral patterns for the reliable tagging and identification of commodities. Unlike traditional semiconductor quantum dots or dye‐doped microresonators, this adaptive resonant emission does not require structural or chemical modifications, making it an ideal candidate for multiplexed assays, cell tagging and tracking, anti‐counterfeiting, and for ensuring the integrity and authenticity of products in various high‐value sectors.
Maternal Gut Inflammation Aggravates Acute Liver Failure Through Facilitating Ferroptosis via Altering Gut Microbial Metabolism in Offspring
Authors: Zhao Caijun , Bao Lijuan , Shan Ruping , Zhao Yihong , Wu Keyi , Shang Shan , Li Haiqi , Liu Yi , Chen Ke , Zhang Naisheng , Ye Cong , Hu Xiaoyu , Fu Yunhe
Published: January 2025

Microbial transmission from mother to infant is important for offspring microbiome formation and health. However, it is unclear whether maternal gut inflammation (MGI) during lactation influences mother‐to‐infant microbial transmission and offspring microbiota and disease susceptibility. In this study, it is found that MGI during lactation altered the gut microbiota of suckling pups by shaping the maternal microbiota in the gut and mammary glands. MGI‐induced changes in the gut microbiota of suckling pups lasted into adulthood, resulting in the exacerbation of acute liver failure (ALF) caused by acetaminophen (APAP) in offspring. Specifically, MGI reduced the abundance of Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) and its metabolite indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) level in adult offspring. L. reuteri and IAA alleviated ALF in mice by promoting intestinal IL‐22 production. Mechanistically, IL‐22 limits APAP‐induced excessive oxidative stress and ferroptosis by activating STAT3. The intestinal abundances of L. reuteri and IAA are inversely associated with the progression of patients with ALF. Overall, the study reveals the role of MGI in mother‐to‐infant microbial transmission and disease development in offspring, highlighting potential strategies for intervention in ALF based on the IAA‐IL‐22‐STAT3 axis.
Reversing Cochlear Nucleus Maladaptive Plasticity via Customized Extracochlear Stimulation: A New Approach for Tinnitus Treatment
Authors: Chen Min , Fan Shuwen , Mao Jiabao , Huang Linhan , Tursun Nafisa , Zhang Chen , Li Wen , Li Shufeng
Published: January 2025

Tinnitus, a widespread condition affecting numerous individuals worldwide, remains a significant challenge due to limited effective therapeutic interventions. Intriguingly, patients using cochlear implants (CIs) have reported significant relief from tinnitus symptoms, although the underlying mechanisms remain unclear and intracochlear implantation risks cochlear damage and hearing loss. This study demonstrates that targeted intracochlear electrical stimulation (ES) in guinea pigs with noise‐induced hearing loss reversed tinnitus‐related maladaptive plasticity in the cochlear nucleus (CN), characterized by reduced auditory innervation, increased somatosensory innervation, and diminished inhibitory neural networks. Additionally, a customized extracochlear ES delivered by a newly designed extracochlear electrode array to guinea pigs with salicylate‐induced tinnitus also reversed the aforementioned maladaptive plasticity and alleviated tinnitus without causing additional cochlear damage or hearing loss. These findings suggest that CI‐delivered ES may alleviate tinnitus by reversing maladaptive CN plasticity. Additionally, the extracochlear ES strategy offers a promising tinnitus treatment with minimal risk to hearing.
Electron‐Rich Heptacyclic S,N Heteroacene Enabling C‐Shaped A‐D‐A‐type Electron Acceptors With Photoelectric Response beyond 1000 Nm for Highly Sensitive Near‐Infrared Photodetectors
Authors: Huang Kuo‐Hsiu , Jiang Bing‐Huang , Lu Han‐Cheng , Xue Yung‐Jing , Lu Chia‐Fang , Chang Yung‐Yung , Huang Ching‐Li , Chien Su‐Ying , Chen Chih‐Ping , Cheng Yen‐Ju
Published: January 2025

A highly electron‐rich S,N heteroacene building block is developed and condensed with FIC and Cl‐IC acceptors to furnish CT‐F and CT‐Cl, which exhibit near‐infrared (NIR) absorption beyond 1000 nm. The C‐shaped CT‐F and CT‐Cl self‐assemble into a highly ordered 3D intermolecular packing network via multiple π−π interactions in the single crystal structures. The CT‐F‐based organic photovoltaic (OPV) achieved an impressive efficiency of 14.30% with a broad external quantum efficiency response extending from the UV‐vis to the NIR (300–1050 nm) regions, outperforming most binary OPVs employing NIR A‐D‐A‐type acceptors. CT‐Cl possesses a higher surface energy than CT‐F, promoting vertical phase segregation and resulting in its preferential accumulation near the bottom interface of the blend. This arrangement, combined with the lower HOMO energy level of CT‐Cl, effectively reduces undesired hole and electron injection under reverse voltage. The PM6:CT‐Cl‐based organic photodetectors (OPDs) devices achieved an ultra‐high shot‐noise‐limited specific detectivity (Dsh*) values exceeding 1014 Jones in the NIR region from 620 to 1000 nm, reaching an unprecedentedly high value of 1.3 × 1014 Jones at 950 nm. When utilizing a 780 nm light source, the PM6:CT‐Cl‐based OPDs show record‐high rise/fall times of 0.33/0.11 µs and an exceptional cut‐off frequency (f‐3dB) of 590 kHz at −1 V.
Exploiting Lattice Carbon‐Induced Modulation Effect in Nickel towards Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation
Authors: He Jian , Luo Liu , Li Jinchi , Chen Shiqi , Yu Shuqi , Zeng Liang , Wang Yao , Chen Yungui
Published: January 2025

Doping with non‐metallic heteroatom is an effective approach to tailor the electronic structure of Ni for enhancing its alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalytic performance. However, the modulation of HOR activity of Ni by lattice carbon (LC) atoms has rarely been reported, especially to reveal the rule between the doping effect and activity caused by the content of LC atoms. Here, hydrogen is proposed as a scavenger for LC atoms in the pyrolytic reduction process to finely control the content of LC atoms in Ni. With the removal of LC atoms in Ni lattice, the electronic structure changes from Ni3C‐like electronic structure to quasi‐Ni structure. Furthermore, a volcanic relationship between the LC content and HOR activity of Ni is established for the first time. The Cless‐Ni (LC0.44‐Ni) with optimized LC content shows the best activity owing to the weakened hydrogen binding energy (HBE) and optimal hydroxyl binding energy (OHBE). This work provides an inspiration for the design of high‐performance catalysts by tailoring the electronic structure of the metal via LC atoms doping.
Interstitial Doping in Ultrafine Nanocrystals for Efficient and Durable Water Splitting
Authors: Jiang Minming , Xu Jiang , Chen Yujie , Wang Luqi , Zhou Qi , Munroe Paul , Li Linlin , Xie Zong‐Han , Peng Shengjie
Published: January 2025

Transition metal‐based catalysts with high efficiency and stability for overall water splitting (OWS) offer significant potential for reducing green hydrogen production costs. Utilizing sputtering deposition technology, we propose a deposition‐diffusion strategy to fabricate heterojunction coatings composed of ultrafine FeCoNi‐C‐N transition metal interstitial solid solution (TMISS) nanocrystals and amorphous nitrided carbon (NC) on the pre‐deposited NC micro column arrays. The diffusion of C and N atoms results in the formation of uniformly distributed TMISS nanocrystals, with an average diameter of ~1.9 nm, thus maximizing atomic utilization. The unique crystalline‐amorphous heterojunction interface enhances electrocatalytic stability. Furthermore, the electronic regulation of metal sites by interstitial C and N atoms not only optimizes the adsorption‐dissociation process in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), but also accelerates the surface reconstruction of hydroxyl oxides to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity. As a result, the as‐prepared coating achieved overpotentials of only 62 mV and 237 mV for the HER and OER at 10 mA cm−2 in alkaline electrolytes, and exhibited excellent OWS performance and long‐term stability at high current densities. This work presents a new perspective for synthesizing TMISS nanocrystals and promotes their application in bifunctional electrocatalysts.
Revealing the Monooxygenase Mechanism for Selective Ring Cleavage of Anthraquinone by BTG13 through Multiscale Simulations
Authors: Su Yanzhuang , Shi Yusheng , Lai Wenzhen
Published: January 2025

BTG13, a non‐heme iron‐dependent enzyme with a distinctive coordination environment of four histidines and a carboxylated lysine, has been found to catalyze the cleavage of the C4a‐C10 bond in anthraquinone. Contrary to typical dioxygenase mechanisms, our quantum mechanical/molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations reveal that BTG13 functions more like a monooxygenase. It selectively inserts an oxygen atom into the C10‐C4a bond, creating a lactone species that subsequently undergoes hydrolysis, leading to the formation of a ring‐opened product. This discovery highlights the unique catalytic properties of BTG13 and expands our understanding of non‐heme iron enzyme mechanisms.
Protein Fusion of Biosynthetic Enzymes and a Thermo‐Responsive Polypeptide Expedites Facile Access to Biocatalysts for Nucleotide Sugars
Authors: Wu Xiaocong , Liu Jing , Yin Xuefei , Ma Di , Zhang Sichao , Liu Xianwei
Published: January 2025

Nucleotide sugars (NSs) are essential building blocks for the enzymatic assembly of glycans. In this study, we established a preparation and recycling avenue to the biocatalysts for the enzymatic synthesis of NSs. This approach involves fusing two enzymes into a bifunctional chimera and using elastin‐like polypeptides (ET64) as a purification tag, which allows for easy recovery of these biocatalysts without the need for chromatography. We successfully constructed and obtained five bifunctional fusion enzymes (GalK‐USP‐ET64, GlmU‐NahK‐ET64, ManC‐NahK‐ET64, FKP‐ET64, and NanA‐CSS‐ET64) for the synthesis of five common NSs (UDP‐Gal, UDP‐GlcNAc, GDP‐Man, GDP‐Fuc, and CMP‐Neu5Ac). These enzymes were obtained using the Inverse Transition Cycling (ITC) process in yields ranging from 60 to 124 mg per liter of fermentation. The enzymatic synthesis of NSs was carried out on a scale from hundreds of milligrams to multiple grams using these biocatalysts. Furthermore, we investigated the reusability of these biocatalysts by recycling them from the reaction solution using the ITC process. The recycling of GalK‐USP‐ET64, GlmU‐NahK‐ET64, FKP‐ET64, and NanA‐CSS‐ET64 was effectively achieved for 15, 13, 3, and 4 times, respectively. These biocatalysts could be used not only for the enzymatic synthesis of NSs but also for the chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycan biomolecules when coupled with glycosyltransferases.
What Factors Determine the Brevione B Desaturation Mechanism in the Nonheme Iron Dioxygenase BrvJ?
Authors: Cao Jingyu , Lu Jingyuan , Cao Yuanxin , de Visser Sam P.
Published: January 2025

The natural product synthesis of brevione J undergoes a cascade of reactions including an oxidative desaturation and a ring‐expansion. The C1−C2 desaturation of brevione B is catalyzed by the nonheme iron dioxygenase BrvJ using one molecule of O2 and α‐ketoglutarate (αKG). However, whether the subsequent oxidative ring expansion reaction is also catalyzed by the same enzyme is unknown and remains controversial. To gain insight into the mechanism of brevione J biosynthesis a computational study is reported here using molecular dynamics and density functional theory approaches. The work predicts that both cycles can proceed in the same protein structure on an iron center with O2 and αKG for each cycle. The rate‐determining step is a hydrogen atom abstraction step in both reaction cycles. Interestingly, the OH rebound barriers are high in energy in cycle 1 due to stereochemical interactions and substrate positioning that enable an efficient desaturation reaction.
Modelling of the gas purification system for flue gas acid production
Authors: Yu Feng , Chen Chunhua , Mao Zhizhong
Published: January 2025

Establishing a gas pressure model of the purification system to accurately estimate the system output pressure is a powerful guarantee to ensure the stable and efficient operation of the acid production process. This paper presents a study on the establishment of gas pressure models for three facilities in the purification system at the Guixi Smelter in China, including a pulse jet fabric filter, an electrostatic precipitator, and a drying tower. Through analysis of the operating mechanisms of these facilities, pressure mechanism models are established for the gas flows. Considering the nonlinearity and time‐varying nature of the model, an improved extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm is proposed to perform online identification of the unknown parameters within the model. Compared to the first‐order EKF, the improved algorithm achieves significantly better performance without incurring additional computational overhead. Field experiments on pressure estimation at the acid production site validate the reasonableness of the established models, as well as the efficacy of the proposed identification algorithm.
Oxygen‐Dependent Photoluminescence and Electrical Conductance of Zinc Tin Oxide (ZTO): A Modified Stern‐Volmer Description
Authors: Kothe Linda , Klippstein Josefin , Kloß Marvin , Wengenroth Marc , Poeplau Michael , Ester Stephan , Tiemann Michael
Published: January 2025

Zinc tin oxide (ZTO) is investigated as a photoluminescent sensor for oxygen (O2); chemisorbed oxygen quenches the luminescence intensity. At the same time, ZTO is also studied as a resistive sensor; being an n‐type semiconductor, its electrical conductance decreases by adsorption of oxygen. Both phenomena can be exploited for quantitative O2 sensing. The respective sensor responses can be described by the same modified Stern‐Volmer model that distinguishes between accessible and non‐accessible luminescence centers or charge carriers, respectively. The impact of the temperature is studied in the range from room temperature up to 150 °C.
Managing Organisational Changes for Collaboration Between Stakeholders in Sustainable Public Procurement
Authors: Santos Felippe , Hilletofth Per , von Haartman Robin
Published: January 2025

Sustainable public procurement (SPP) has been incorporating sustainability issues into commercial relationships between governments and businesses. SPP implementation can be undertaken with the support of organisational changes. Research has highlighted the role of stakeholders' collaboration in driving changes for SPP. However, there is limited understanding of the forces fostering and blocking the implementation of collaboration. This paper analyses drivers for and barriers to implementing collaboration in SPP, based on semi‐structured interviews with SPP practitioners from different world regions (Brazil and Sweden). This paper provides a catalogue of forces influencing organisational changes towards collaboration in SPP (categorised into internal, connecting‐protagonist, connecting‐supporting and external), including 23 drivers, 40 barriers and 24 strategies to overcome such barriers. This paper also proposes an understanding of how organisational changes for collaboration are interconnected with changes for implementing SPP. Organisational changes for SPP must be understood as multiple and composite instead of single and monolithic.
Utilizing deep learning to predict Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment with optical coherence tomography
Authors: Chua Jacqueline , Li Chi , Antochi Florina , Toma Eduard , Wong Damon , Tan Bingyao , Garhöfer Gerhard , Hilal Saima , Popa‐Cherecheanu Alina , Chen Christopher Li‐Hsian , Schmetterer Leopold
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Diagnostic performance of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) remains limited. We aimed to develop a deep‐learning algorithm using OCT to detect AD and MCI.

METHODS

We performed a cross‐sectional study involving 228 Asian participants (173 cases/55 controls) for model development and testing on 68 Asian (52 cases/16 controls) and 85 White (39 cases/46 controls) participants. Features from OCT were used to develop an ensemble trilateral deep‐learning model.

RESULTS

The trilateral model significantly outperformed single non‐deep learning models in Asian (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.91 vs. 0.71–0.72, p = 0.022‐0.032) and White (AUC = 0.84 vs. 0.58–0.75, p = 0.056‐ < 0.001) populations. However, its performance was comparable to that of the trilateral statistical model (AUCs similar, p > 0.05).

DISCUSSION

Both multimodal approaches, using deep learning or traditional statistical models, show promise for AD and MCI detection. The choice between these models may depend on computational resources, interpretability preferences, and clinical needs.

Highlights

A deep‐learning algorithm was developed to detect Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) using OCT images.

The combined model outperformed single OCT parameters in both Asian and White cohorts.

The study demonstrates the potential of OCT‐based deep‐learning algorithms for AD and MCI detection.
Research finds that tweaks to forms can increase employee disclosure rates
Authors: Lyerly Eric
Published: January 2025

A study led by Northern Illinois University Psychology Professor Alecia Santuzzi reveals that replacing the term “disability” with “qualifying condition” on disclosure forms can significantly increase the disability disclosure rate for employees (https://newsroom.niu.edu/study-finds-a-subtle-way-to-increase-employee-disability-disclosures/).
Association of a remote monitoring programme with all‐cause mortality and hospitalizations in patients with heart failure: National‐scale, real‐world evidence from a 3‐year propensity score analysis of the TELESAT‐HF study
Authors: Girerd Nicolas , Barbet Vanessa , Seronde Marie‐France , Benchimol Hélène , Jagu Annabelle , Tartière Jean‐Michel , Hanon Olivier , Picard François , Lafitte Stéphane , Lemaitre Magali , Pages Nicolas , Nisse‐Durgeat Sophie , Jourdain Patrick
Published: January 2025

Aims

To examine the association of a remote monitoring programme (RMP) with all‐cause mortality and hospital admissions for heart failure (HF) within the French healthcare system.

Methods and results

A national‐scale, real‐world, propensity‐weighted cohort study was conducted using the SNDS French database from August 2018 to December 2022 (NCT06312501). Patients receiving standard of care (SoC) were compared with those receiving RMP (Satelia® Cardio, NP Medical). The Satelia® Cardio algorithm adjusted the monitoring frequency based on symptom and weight changes, and provided tailored web‐based patient education. The RMP included a digital interface for proficient patients and phone monitoring by nurses for those uncomfortable with digital technology. Data were sourced from over 300 healthcare centres across France. A propensity‐weighted Cox regression model was used, supplemented by sensitivity analyses across subgroups. In total, 5357 RMP patients and 13 525 SoC patients were included after weighting. Weighted/adjusted analyses showed lower all‐cause mortality for RMP patients (hazard ratio [HR] 0.64; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.59–0.70; p < 0.0001), persisting across hospitalization and/or long‐term illness status subgroups (HR 0.52 to 0.75). RMP was neutrally associated with HF hospitalization rates (rate ratio [RR] 0.95; 95% CI 0.89–1.02) but linked to less time in hospital (−2.1%, p < 0.0001) and fewer emergency visits (RR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.92; p = 0.001).

Conclusion

In France, RMP with customized monitoring frequencies and educational strategies was associated with lower all‐cause mortality, emergency visits, and time spent in hospital in patients with HF which may enhance nationwide HF management.
Catalytic epoxidation of waste palm kernel oil using in situ performic acid formation
Authors: Jalil Mohd Jumain , Ibrahim Izni Mariah , Saputro Erwan Adi , Habri Hamzah Hafizuddin , Rasib Ismail Md , Rahman Siti Juwairiyah A. , Azmi Intan Suhada
Published: January 2025

The use of renewable resources in the epoxidation process can reduce the dependence on non‐renewable petroleum resources and contribute to a more environmentally friendly chemical industry. This study aims to investigate the epoxidation of waste palm kernel oil as a renewable feedstock. The synthesis of epoxidized waste palm kernel oil was conducted by reacting waste palm kernel oil, formic acid, and hydrogen peroxide in a one‐pot system. Currently, there is no reported literature on the simultaneous application of a catalyst for the epoxidation of waste palm kernel oil derived from industrial waste. The optimum process parameters were determined, including hydrogen peroxide to waste palm kernel oil molar ratio (1.5:1), formic acid to waste palm kernel oil molar ratio (0.5:1), and stirring speed (300 rpm). The optimum relative conversion to oxirane of epoxidized waste palm kernel oil was 88%. A mathematical model was developed using numerical integration based on the fourth‐order Runge–Kutta method as follows: = 0.894 mol·L−1·min−1, = 7.420 mol·L−1·min−1, and = 0.086 mol·L−1·min−1. Based on the findings of the kinetic study, the kinetic model was validated due to its minimal simulation error.
Nonlinear Signal‐Based Control for a Shake Table Supporting a Heavy Multi‐Storey Nonlinear Structure
Authors: Enokida Ryuta , Ikago Kohju , Kajiwara Koichi
Published: January 2025

Shake table control is greatly affected by an interaction with a heavy specimen, especially when it has severe nonlinear characteristics. Hence, to this fundamental and challenging issue in the experimentation, this study proposes a solution using nonlinear signal‐based control (NSBC) and demonstrates its effectiveness in actual experiments. Moreover, an innovative controller design is presented in this paper: the bare condition referenced (BCR) approach relies on the bare table dynamics and the specimen's weight. It frees the design from the properties of the controlled system, in contrast to the orthodox approach, which uses the dynamics of a table supporting a specimen. Following numerical examinations including a stability analysis, experiments were carried out on NSBC with these approaches, with a table having a three‐storey structure that was 2.5 times heavier than the table and had nonlinear characteristics. An inversion‐based controller, using a feedforward controller only, did not perform well, even at small excitations, owing to the modelling gap and nonlinearity. NSBC, with the orthodox approach, accurately realised the expected acceleration on the table, despite the considerable interaction with the specimen and the nonlinearity of its collapse level. NSBC, with the BCR approach, performed as well or better than the orthodox approach, despite the obvious modelling gap and nonlinearity. NSBC with both approaches can solve the challenging control problem and has considerable potential for deployment in large experiments. Furthermore, the BCR approach is more advantageous than the orthodox approach, as it eliminates the need to identify the dynamics of the table supporting the specimen.
Study on Zonal Support Mechanism and the Surrounding Rock Control Technology of Rock Roadway Excavated by TBM in Coal Mine
Authors: Chen Zhao , Zhang Sheng , Lu Yiqiang , Yang Zhanbiao , Wang Longfei , He Fei
Published: January 2025

Tunnel boring machine (TBM) has been increasingly used for excavating rock roadways in coal mines. However, the slower speed of support installation, compared to the cutterhead's fast rock‐breaking capability, limits the overall excavation speed of rock roadways. This study examines the construction of a gas drainage roadway in Shoushan No.1 coal mine using a double‐shield TBM. A mechanical model for TBM excavation was developed, considering the spatial effects of the excavation face. The study identified a zonal support mechanism for the surrounding rock in TBM excavation roadways, it also analyzed the effects of support reaction forces and virtual support forces on the surrounding rock of different zones. A zonal control technology for surrounding rock was proposed and successfully implemented in the field. The results indicate that the strain evolution of the surrounding rock behind the TBM excavation face displays distinct zonal features. Based on this, the study recommends timely support for critical areas of the roadway roof in rapidly deforming zones through localized active primary anchor bolting. In slower deforming zones, secondary active anchor bolting is recommended for the remaining parts of the roadway roof and the side supports. In stable zones, cables anchor bolting support are implemented. A phased control technology system for the zonal management of surrounding rock in TBM excavation roadway was developed, and optimal parameters were determined using numerical simulations. The phased and zonal control technology was successfully applied at Shoushan No. 1 coal mine, achieving a maximum excavation speed of 623 m per month. This study provides valuable insights into the application of rapid excavation technology by TBM under similar conditions.
Accurate Molar Mass Estimation of Polyolefin Blends Using High Temperature‐size Exclusion Chromatography With Triple Detection: Insight Into Molecular Level Mixing of Polypropylene With Various Application Grades of Polyethylene
Authors: Subbaiah Yogesha , AlAhmadi Ahmad Salem , Debasagoiti Mark , Nagarajan Balaji , Alhafs Rawan Jassem , Shanmugam Senthilkumar
Published: January 2025

In this study, a commercially available polypropylene homopolymer (H‐PP) was blended with blow molding polyethylene (PE) grade via melt mixing using a compounding machine. The resulting blends were subjected to high‐temperature size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis, coupled with infrared‐5 (IR‐5), viscometer (VISCO), and multi‐angle laser light scattering (MALS) detectors. The molecular weight (MW) and MW distributions were investigated using SEC, and the exact blend compositions were evaluated using 13C nuclear magnetic resonance. The molecular‐level mixing of the PP/PE blend composition was assessed by comparing the theoretical and measured weight‐average MW (Mw) values obtained using different SEC detection modes. The measured average Mw values of different PP/PE blends obtained using VISCO and multi‐angle light‐scattering detection were found to be in close agreement with predicted blend ratios, compared to the conventional SEC technique (IR‐5), with percentage errors ranging from ‐4.53 to ‐5.99 and 1.57 to 7.65, respectively. The linear relationship between the melt flow rate (MFR) and Mw was studied to assess the molecular‐level mixing behavior of the prepared blends using different SEC detection modes. Furthermore, the SEC methodology was extended to other application grades of PE with varying MFRs to verify the blend mixing behavior with H‐PP, and the obtained results are discussed.
Molten Salt Corrosion Studies of Sanicro‐25 by Electrochemical Techniques at High Temperature
Authors: JagadeeswaraRao Ch. , M. Anantha Lakshmi , Suneesh P. V. , Ningshen S.
Published: January 2025

Nickel and chromium‐based alloys are being considered structural materials for crucibles for electrorefining in pyrochemical reprocessing. LiCl–KCl molten salt is used as an electrolyte under an inert argon atmosphere. In the present work, the corrosion behavior of the Sanicro‐25 steel exposed to LiCl–KCl molten salt at 500°C with inert argon cover gas was explored using electrochemical methods like open circuit potential (OCP), linear polarization resistance, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). A change in the OCP of Sanicro‐25 towards the noble direction was observed. The linear polarization resistance, measured at various exposure intervals, decreased with the increase of molten salt exposure. The Nyquist plot consists of two semi‐circles with an incomplete semi‐circle at the lower frequency end, indicating the existence of three‐time constants and formation of intermittent oxide film. The oxide films formed over the surface are characterized by Raman analysis, X‐ray diffraction, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscope coupled with elemental analysis. The formation of Fe3O4, Cr2O3, iron hydroxide, W‐oxides, and spinels are evidenced.
Log‐TF‐IDF and NETCONF‐Based Network Switch Anomaly Detection
Authors: Nam Sukhyun , Jeong Eui‐Dong , Hong James Won‐Ki
Published: January 2025

In this study, we propose and evaluate a model that utilizes both log data and state data to detect abnormal conditions in network switches. Building upon our previous research and drawing inspiration from TF‐IDF used in natural language processing to measure word importance, we propose a statistical method, Log‐TF‐IDF, to quantify the rarity of each log pattern in the log data. Furthermore, based on this Log‐TF‐IDF, we introduce the AB Score, which quantifies how abnormal the current log pattern is. Our findings indicate that the AB Score is notably higher and more volatile in abnormal conditions. We confirm that anomaly detection is feasible through the AB Score, which has the advantage of being computationally efficient due to its statistical basis. We combined the metrics generated during the AB Score calculation with resource data collected with NETCONF and developed a machine‐learning model to detect abnormal conditions in network switches. We confirm that this model can detect abnormal conditions with an F1 score of 0.86 on our collected dataset, confirming its viability for detecting abnormal states in network equipment.
A New English Education Model Based on 6G and Sliced Network Virtual Reality Platform
Authors: Liu Xiaozheng
Published: January 2025

The information society has led to a shift in traditional English education methods, with the evolution of technology, particularly internet and communication network technologies, reshaping the teaching landscape. This facilitated innovative instructional approaches and enhanced the learning experience. This research introduces a novel virtual learn net architecture (VLNA) within the 6G network layers, which processes the performance of the virtual reality‐based English education system (VR‐EES) model to provide a seamless, personalized learning experience for online learners. This architecture is structured into several layers: The user equipment (UE) layer connects VR headsets to the network with ultrareliable, low‐latency links; the radio access network (RAN) layer, employing massive MIMO and beam forming, enhances connection speed, capacity, and coverage. Edge computing handles latency‐sensitive tasks like speech recognition and adaptive content delivery, reducing the load on the core network. The core network layer (CLN) manages network slices for specific learning tasks such as real‐time interaction, high‐definition multimedia, and computation‐intensive processes, with control plane and user plane separation (CUPS) optimizing network management and security through end‐to‐end encryption. Software‐defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) provide centralized, dynamic control, allowing real‐time resource allocation based on demand. Cloud‐edge integration supports Artificial intelligence (AI)‐driven adaptive learning, optimizing educational content delivery based on individual progress. The study results demonstrate that stimulation of VLNA achieved significant improvements in latency reduction, bandwidth utilization, throughput, packet loss rate, jitter, user engagement, learning efficiency, and user satisfaction. The integration of edge computing and network slicing led to a significant reduction in latency, while the enhanced throughput enabled seamless VR experiences. In this study, latency reduction, bandwidth utilization, and user satisfaction emerge as the most significant factors, with user satisfaction standing out as the top performer due to its substantial impact on enhancing the overall learning experience. The packet loss rate is maintained to a certain level, ensuring reliable data transmission. The VR‐EES model's experimental results also enhanced visual learning, multimedia quality, user pleasure, learning effectiveness, and user engagement.
Maleinized Vegetable Oil: A Green Approach for Sustainable Polyamide Composites
Authors: Gaddam Sashivinay Kumar , Boddu Venkateswar Rao , Boga Karteek , Bhatt Himanshu Kumar , Das Paramita , Pinjari Sharad Dnyanu , Qi Xiaoning , Gaddam R. R. , Arukula Ravi
Published: January 2025

Over the past two decades, the rising demand for sustainable materials has sparked significant interest in developing plant‐based or bio‐based polymers. This study explores an innovative approach to synthesizing eco‐friendly polyamide‐graphene composites using maleinized cottonseed oil (MACSO) as a sustainable precursor. The composites were produced through a room‐temperature catalyst‐free ring opening of MACSO with 4,4′‐Diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) and graphenamine, followed by high‐temperature curing. The impact of graphenamine content on the composites' structural, thermo‐mechanical, surface, and anticorrosion properties was thoroughly examined. Notably, the composite containing 3 wt% graphenamine demonstrated superior thermal stability, glass transition temperature (Tg), mechanical toughness, and corrosion resistance. This research represents a unique example of using anhydride‐grafted vegetable oil for amide bond formation in the final polymer, highlighting an economically viable approach to sustainable polyamide synthesis. Furthermore, using MACSO as a bio‐based modifier aligns with the principles of green chemistry, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional petrochemical‐based additives.
Enhancement of Dynamic Mechanical and Physicochemical Characteristics of PolyAAm:PVA‐Grafted mFlax‐Reinforced Polyester Composite
Authors: Saini Divyansh , Saksham  , Sharma Himani , Dolui Susmriti , Bedi Raman , Kaith Balbir Singh
Published: January 2025

The present study explores the copolymerization of mercerized Flax (mFlax) using a combination of acrylamide (AAm) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a binary vinyl monomeric mixture (AAm:PVA). Polyester‐based composites reinforced with different Flax samples, i.e., raw, mercerized, and grafted Flax with a 5% loading concentration, were fabricated, and their mechanical properties were analyzed using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The samples were characterized using various analytical techniques. Grafting of AAm:PVA onto mFlax enhanced its chemical and moisture resistance, reducing weight loss by blocking vulnerable sites with binary vinyl monomeric live chains. This conversion rendered the Flax less susceptible to solvents. The DMA results revealed an elevation in the loss modulus and Tan δ values for the (AAm:PVA)‐grafted mFlax‐reinforced polyester composite, while a reduction in the value of storage modulus was observed.
Denture base poly(methyl methacrylate) reinforced with SrTiO3/Y2O3: Structural, morphological and mechanical analysis
Authors: Elhmali Houda Taher , Radojevic Vesna , Stajcic Aleksandar , Petrovic Milos , Stojanovic Dusica B. , Vlahovic Branislav , Stajcic Ivana
Published: January 2025

This study presented the use of SrTiO3/Y2O3 nanoparticles for the reinforcement of dental poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to enhance its mechanical properties important for everyday use of denture base materials. The average crystallite size of prepared nanoparticles was 19.9 nm. The influence of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 wt% SrTiO3/Y2O3 loading on absorbed impact energy, microhardness and tensile properties was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy of the composite fracture surface revealed multiple toughening mechanisms, with agglomerates directly included in the crack pinning, indicating improvement in mechanical performance. Dynamic mechanical analysis proved that agglomerates improved the elastic behavior of PMMA and confirmed the absence of a residual monomer. After the incorporation of SrTiO3/Y2O3, the mechanical properties of composites showed a high increase compared to neat PMMA. The optimal concentration of nanoparticles was 1 wt%, for which the microhardness, modulus of elasticity, and absorbed impact energy were higher by 218.4%, 65.8% and 135.6%, respectively. With such a high increase, this research showed that SrTiO3/Y2O3 represents an efficient filler which use does not have to be limited to dental materials.

Highlights

SrTiO3/Y2O3 hybrid nanoparticles were prepared.

PMMA‐SrTiO3/Y2O3 composite showed increase in impact resistance up to 135.4%.

Elastic behavior of PMMA was improved.

With 1 wt% of SrTiO3/Y2O3, microhardness increased by 218.4%.
Synthesis of Poly(Itaconate)s With High Monomer Conversion Applying Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Fischer von Mollard S. Charlotte , Ueberschaar Nico , Schreiber Martin , Kamphuis Frank , Zechel Stefan , Hager Martin D.
Published: January 2025

Itaconic acid and its derivatives can be obtained from renewable feedstocks. However, there are only very limited applications of polymers containing itaconic acid so far. One limitation of the application of this polymer is that commonly utilized polymerization techniques lead to very low conversions of the corresponding monomers. Consequently, itaconic acid and its derivatives are generally considered difficult or poorly polymerizable monomers. The current study presents the improvement of the polymerization by applying an emulsion polymerization of itaconic acid esters, leading to very high monomer conversions with a residual monomer content of less than 1%.
Robust Second‐Order Backstepping Design of Integrated Guidance and Control Based on a Fully Actuated System Approach
Authors: Wang Wei , Chen Shiwei , Fan Junfang , Zhang Hongyan
Published: January 2025

This article investigates the angle constraint issue in the integrated guidance and control (IGC) design. By using the high‐order fully actuated system (HOFAS) approach, a non‐linear robust controller is presented under the framework of the second‐order backstepping method. First, the IGC model is represented as a complete second‐order non‐linear system without any linearization assumption, where the modeling error, unmodeled non‐linearity, and external disturbance are unknown uncertainties. Combined with the dynamic model, the non‐linear system is transformed into a pseudo‐feedback system. An IGC model with fully actuated features is established, consisting of the guidance, dynamics, and attitude subsystems. Then, under the framework of the backstepping method, the non‐linear controller of each subsystem is designed based on the HOFAS approach and robust control law, and a tracking differentiator based on inverse hyperbolic sine function is used to obtain the precise differential signal of the virtual control command. The controller parameter matrix is solved according to the desired closed‐loop poles, while the closed‐loop system is transformed into a steady linear system with desired performance. The subsystem state convergence is proven by Lyapunov theory, and the stability of the whole system is analyzed. Finally, the simulation results of terminal angle constraint verify the effectiveness of the proposed robust IGC design.
Regulating Intermediate Adsorption and Promoting Charge Transfer of CoCr‐LDHs by Ce Doping for Enhancing Electrooxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural
Authors: Ding Ling , Shen Zewen , Pan Hao , Chen Yana , Hu Yezi , Zhao Guixia , Hai Guangtong , Huang Xiubing
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical oxidation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMFOR) to generate high‐value chemicals under mild conditions acts as an energy‐saving and sustainable strategy. However, it is still challenging to develop electrocatalysts with high efficiency and good durability. Here, nickel foam (NF) supported CoCrCe(7.5%)‐LDH (layered double hydroxides) by doping Ce into CoCr‐LDH show high 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) conversion (99%), 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) yield (99%), and Faraday efficiency (100%) at 1.4 VRHE. The CoCrCe(7.5%)‐LDH also exhibits remarkable stability with 97% conversion of HMF after 10 cycles. The X‐ray absorption near‐edge spectroscopy (XANES) and theoretical calculation show that Ce doping into CoCr‐LDH is beneficial to the formation of high‐valance Co and significantly facilitates the electron transfer, regulates the adsorption behavior of intermediates, reduces the Gibbs free energy barrier and accelerates the reaction rate. This work promotes the use of rare earth elements as electrocatalysts to promote the oxidation of HMF.
Gene‐expression programming‐based models for comprehensive evaluation of bond strength and critical slip of various types of FRP bars in concrete
Authors: Nguyen Minh Hai , Pham Van Ngoc , Phan Hoang Nam , Do Viet Hai , Huynh Phuong Nam , Mai Thi Thu Thuy
Published: January 2025

This study aims to present a novel approach to assess the bond behavior of various types of FRP bars in concrete, based on an extensive dataset. The novelty of this research lies in evaluating both the bond strength and the critical slip, which forms the basis for creating a bond model between the bars and concrete. Furthermore, the model is constructed using advanced machine learning techniques, specifically gene‐expression programming (GEP), and its reliability is ensured by relying on a more extensive and diverse experimental dataset compared to previous studies. To train and validate the GEP model, data were collected from experiments involving 793 test specimens, categorized into five groups based on surface treatments: smooth (Sm), sand‐coated (SC), helically wrapped (HW), grooved (Gr), and a hybrid surface (Hbr) achieved by combining SC and HW. The model also considers a wide range of other parameters, including compressive strength of concrete and diameter, tensile strength, elastic modulus, and embedment length of FRP bars. The verification results using a separate testing dataset demonstrate that the proposed models accurately predict the bond strength and critical slip of FRP bars in concrete, achieving R2 values of 0.794 and 0.88, respectively. Comprehensive parametric analyses are performed to clarify the influence of key parameters on the bond and slip behavior of FRP bars in concrete. The analysis results confirm the critical role of the surface type and elastic modulus in enhancing bond strength; particularly, among the different surface treatment methods, the HW treatment exhibits the highest bond strength, followed by the HBr, Gr, and SC surface types.
Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal the pharmacognostic mechanism of the metabolism of flavonoids in different parts of Polygonum capitatum
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhang Yu , Guo Bu‐Fa , Peng Qi‐Lun , Chen Hong‐Yu , Ye Mao , Yi Wei , Ding Wei‐Jun
Published: January 2025

The plant Polygonum capitatum (P. capitatum) contains a variety of flavonoids that are distributed differently among different parts. Nevertheless, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with this heterogeneous distribution have not been identified. In this study, combined with transcriptomic and metabonomic analysis, we identified significant DEGs related to variations in flavonoid composition among different parts of P. capitatum. Subsequently, transcriptomic and nontargeted metabolomic analyses revealed that flavonoids and phenolic acids in different parts of P. capitatum were significantly enriched in the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, shikimic acid biosynthesis, and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways. The expression levels of genes encoding enzymes, including shikimate O‐hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), chalcone synthase (CHS), flavonoid 3′,5′‐hydroxylase (CYP75A), flavones 3‐hydroxylase (F3H), flavonol synthase (FLS), leucoanthocyanidin reductase (LAR), trans‐cinnamate 4‐monooxygenase (CYP73A), and shikimate kinase (SK), were found to be the lowest in the leaves of P. capitatum via quantitative PCR. Interestingly, these genes are involved in the biosynthesis of quality markers such as gallic acid, quercetin, and quercitrin in P. capitatum. Finally, the targeted metabolomic results reconfirmed that the gallic acid, quercetin, and quercitrin contents were the highest in the leaves of P. capitatum. This research provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the differential regulatory mechanism of flavonoid metabolism in different parts of P. capitatum, providing novel insights into the pharmacognostic basis of P. capitatum.