bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Le schéma de desserte: une approche multifonctionnelle de l'aménagement de l'espace montagnard | The developmental concept: a multifunctional approach to planning the management of mountain regions
Authors: Millot Murièle
Published: April 2007

The aim of planning the development of forest roads is to optimise the harvest of wood. Such planning is based not only on physical, technical, social and economical points of view, but also on biodiversity and the landscape. After determining the various needs, communication and collaboration should play an important role in this new approach. This article discusses the steps to be taken, the questions to be answered and the needs to be met.
Le concept de multifonctionnalité analysé d'après le protocole «forêts de montagne» de la Convention alpine | The concept of multifunctionality as described in the protocol «mountain forests» of the Alpine Convention
Authors: Subotsch Nathalie
Published: April 2007

The protocol pertaining to mountain forests came into force in 1996. The goal of this protocol is the widespread conservation of the mountain forest as a natural ecosystem. This will be achieved by sustainable management, which takes into account the various functions of the forest. This multifunctional aspect of forests is particularly emphasized in the different articles of the protocol, even though it represents a political rather than a technical scope of action.
Trends in Mountain Forest Management in Switzerland
Authors: Schönenberger Walter
Published: April 2007

This paper describes principles of modern forest management in mountain areas, which have been gaining recognition in Switzerland in the last decades. Mountain forests differ remarkably from lowland forests with respect to structure,dynamics, functions and management. The economic situation has worsened, knowledge of ecology has grown and the demands placed on forests have changed. In order to meet the demand for multiple use, mountain forests must be given specially adapted silvicultural treatment. The following methods are proposed: to profit from natural processes in forest regeneration,to establish micro-site conditions for forest regeneration,to implement cluster plantation, to enable natural dynamics to occur after a disturbance, to enhance structural diversity, to reduce costs by minimising interventions.
Zwanzig Jahre Versuchsaufforstung Stillberg: Überleben und Wachstum einer subalpinen Aufforstung in Abhängigkeit vom Standort | Twenty years experimental afforestation Stillberg: Survival and growth in a subalpine afforestation in relation to site conditions
Authors: Senn Josef , Schönenberger Walter
Published: April 2007

In an experimental afforestation (Stillberg near Davos) close to the subalpine tree line, we studied mortality and height development of planted Swiss stone pines, mountain pines and European larches, and their relationship to microsite parameters such as exposure, soil type and duration of snow cover in spring, as well as to meteorological parameters.

The most important cause of mortality among the planted trees was the pathogenic fungus Gremmeniella abietina,which particularly occurred on sites with prolonged snow cover in spring. This study revealed changes in the ranking order among the species three times within twenty years,both for survival and for tree height, which demonstrates the necessity of long-term studies.
Organisation des Luzerner Forstdienstes – konsequente Entflechtung von hoheitlichen und betrieblichen Aufgaben | Organisation of the forestry services in Lucerne – differentiating between sovereign and management tasks
Authors: Iselin Georg , Schmidhauser Albin
Published: April 2007

During the past ten years most cantonal forest services have undergone re-organisations. Lucerne's cantonal forest administration initiated a fundamentally new way of providing forestry services by differentiating between sovereign tasks and management tasks. By examining the individual steps of the process we demonstrate how starting with the mandate,goals were developed and implemented over several years.

Product managers assumed responsibility for products, as defined in the New Public Management Project, on a cantonal-wide basis. Work within a matrix organisation has led to significant changes. Territorial responsibilities are increasingly assumed by district foresters, who have modern infrastructures at their disposal in the new forestry centres. The re-organisation has led to forest districts being re-drawn and to a reduction in the number of forest regions. To provide greater efficiency,state forest management has been consolidated into a single management unit. The new forest reserve plan removes almost half of the state forest from regular forest management,resulting in a reduction in the volume of work and in the work force. We show how effective the differentiation of sovereignty tasks and management tasks has been in coping with the effects of hurricane Lothar.
Waldentwicklung als Politikfeld. Das südwestliche Rheinland (Deutschland) im 18. Jahrhundert | Political dimension of forest development. Southwest Rhineland (Germany) in the 18th century
Authors: Ernst Christoph
Published: April 2007

Evaluation of archive material from southwest Rhineland, Germany,has provided new knowledge on the development of forests in the 18th century. The society of those times had three different main requirements, which called for three different types of forest; for wood production, agriculture and hunting. But both landed gentry and the community as a whole were interested in maximising the use of the forest. It is therefore not accurate to conclude that wood production was only in the interest of the landowners and agriculture in the interest of the rest of the community. In addition, the different types of forest were subject to mutual dependence because changing one parameter meant that the balance governing wood production,grazing and arable areas, as well as habitat for game,also shifted. These interests, both divergent and common, of the population as a whole lead to the conclusion that forestry development was a highly political issue, and that the influence of the non-owning part of the population was greater than previously thought.
Agrarische Waldnutzungen in der Schweiz 1800–1950. Waldweide, Waldheu, Nadel- und Laubfutter | Agricultural use of forest in Switzerland 1800–1950. Wood pasture, wood hay collection, and the use of leaves and needles for fodder
Authors: Stuber Martin , Bürgi Matthias
Published: April 2007

The suppression of agricultural uses of the forests was a prerequisite for the successful introduction of sustainable wood production in the 19th and early 20th century. Today, these agricultural uses of the forests, which have been neglected for a long time, are being re-evaluated. They foster less dense and more open forest stands, which are of interest to nature conservation. In the present review paper we discuss the characteristics,extent, and intensity of historical agricultural uses of forests in Switzerland. We especially focus on the relationships between local people with entitlement rights of supply, the interests of the forestry officials, and more general processes,such as agricultural modernization and changes in the infrastructure of transportation. We also consider the ecological aspects of the resulting changes in forest structure. In the first part presented here, we focus on wood pasture and wood hay collection, both of which conflicted with wood production and with the concept of protective forests. As a third type of forest use we discuss the use of leaves and needles for fodder. In a second paper we will later review litter collecting and the temporary use of clearings in the forest as agricultural fields.
Das Hochwasser von 1834 als Wendepunkt für die moderne Forstwirtschaft? Institutionalisierungsprozesse im Bereich der Waldnutzung in Graubünden | The floods of 1834 as the turning point towards a modern forest management? Process of institutionalisation in the use of forests in the canton of Grisons
Authors: Nienhaus Agnes
Published: April 2007

Since the 1820s efforts have been made in the canton of Grisons to modernise the use made of the forests. The communities,for whom wood was the major source of revenue,were successful in defending themselves against cantonal influence and were able to block the modernisation process. Following the alpine floods of 1834 the conviction of an acute necessity of developing preventative measures was boosted by the arguments of the proponents of modernisation and the interested parties were able to push through a first cantonal forestry decree, thus breaching communal executive powers. The most important paragraph in this decree cleared the way for the employment of a cantonal forest officer, who was subsequently able to further the process of modernisation of forest management. A few regulations on the use of forests were initiated by the cantonal office in some parts of some forests. Thus, in the wake of the flooding catastrophe a short-term extension of competencies ensued which was favourable to modernisation. These extension of competencies was largely terminated by 1839 and the majority of forests thus remained in the hands of communities which continued to use them according to the old ideas.
Politische Konsequenzen aus dem Unwetterereignis von 1868 – Anfänge des eidgenössischen Hochwasserschutzes | Political consequences of the floods of autumn 1868 – the inception of a national flood management system
Authors: Schmid Franziska S.
Published: April 2007

The severe floods in the Swiss Alps in 1868 triggered nationwide discussions on the principles of protection measures against natural disasters. Based on the event analysis, representatives of all cantons decided to establish a fund, fed by donations, to help finance protection structures. This fund,administrated by the Federal Council, was the basis of the future subsidy policy regarding the mitigation of natural disasters.

The article focuses on the influence of the Schweizerischer Forstverein (Swiss Forestry Society) in bringing the new philosophy of flood management into the debate. In order to achieve high response in the public, its representatives suppressed the scientific complexity of the disaster and simply linked the floods to the deforestation of mountainous areas. They were aware that the momentum created by public concern following the floods would prevail for only a short time, therefore they decided to present their intentions of a forest legislation rather than scientific results. The use of this political strategy accelerated the process of political decision making.

Following the implementation of the forest police law of 1876 many structural measures were undertaken at various rivers and torrents and many hectares afforested, in the hope of controlling future risks. The notion of absolute security was proved illusory after the severe floods of 1987 – finding new approaches of risk management came to dominate public discussion.
Waldpolitik des Bundes – Ein neuer Prozess ist gestartet | Federal forest policy – the start of a new process
Authors: Schärer Werner
Published: April 2007

Modern forest policy must take the following two conditions into account:1. Forest policy is an intersectoral policy involving elements of regional policy, nature conservation and landscape protection policy, as well as agricultural, clean-air, climate and economic policies.2. It is the joint task of the federal authorities, cantons, municipalities,relevant organisations and forest owners.

Over the next few years, Buwal will develop a forestry programme for Switzerland together with all the relevant actors,which will fulfil both current and forthcoming forest policy requirements at both national and international levels.
16 Jahre waldpolitisch relevante Prozesse im Buwal / Bafu | 16 years of processes at the SAEFL / FOEN relevant to forest policy
Authors: Schärer Werner
Published: April 2007

At the level of the federal government, since 1990 there have been at least 16 important processes relevant to forest policy. These processes mainly ran in parallel, but were in part contradictory,sometimes they were complementary and synergies were also achieved. The processes are divided into three main categories (processes triggered by nature, by the surroundings and self-initiated processes). They are briefly described and evaluated from a personal, forest policy point of view. Seven points for thought are used to show what needs to be taken into account in future national forest policy. Finally the Swiss forest service organisation is compared with another federal structure of an NGO, namely the organisational structure of Pro Senectute, the author's new area of work.
Das waldreiche obere Theresiental (Transkarpatien, Ukraine) – geografisch-ökologische und sozioökonomische Beschreibung | The forest-rich upper Theresian Valley (Transcarpathia, Ukraine): a geographic-ecological and socio-economical description
Authors: Sabadosh Vasyl , Suprunenko Oleg
Published: April 2007

The upper Theresian Valley lies along the southwest-facing ridge of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Despite expansive forestation high water levels are frequent. The forest belongs to the state and is centrally administrated. Felling is sometimes outsourced to private companies and private companies have also been founded to process the timber. Job opportunities have become fewer and illegal work is increasing. A new democratic awareness has emerged since the «Orange Revolution» in 2004. With foreign investors, however, new risks emerge. The authors recommend giving monies from forest management to the communities, the founding of new wood processing enterprises and more transparent information.
Delay Discounting and Impulsive Choice in the Rat
Authors: Mar Adam C. , Robbins Trevor W.
Published: April 2007

Delay discounting refers to the degree to which immediate outcomes exhibit more influence over behavior than outcomes which are delayed. Impulsive choice, in the context of delay discounting, is generally considered as an increased preference for immediate over delayed outcomes, even where the delayed outcomes are more advantageous. In the past decade, there has been increasing use of delay‐discounting paradigms to elucidate the physiological, pharmacological, and behavioral aspects of the putative neural circuitry underlying impulsive choice. This unit describes the assessment of impulsive choice in the rat using a delay‐discounting procedure involving an operant response choice between a small reinforcer delivered immediately and a larger reinforcer delivered after a delay, which is progressively increased within a session. Variations of some of the main task parameters are also discussed, as well as their significance and interpretation.
Robust control of delayed Cohen–Grossberg neural networks
Authors: Yu Wenwu
Published: April 2007

In this paper, robust control of Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with time delays is considered based on Lyapunov functional method and matrix inequality technique. Several new controllers with time delays and without time delays are designed to ensure the global asymptotic stability of equilibrium point, respectively. Finally, simulation examples are constructed to justify the proposed theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Radiation‐induced graft polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate onto PE/PP nonwoven fabric and its modification toward enhanced amidoximation
Authors: Kavaklı Pınar Akkaş , Seko Noriaki , Tamada Masao , Güven Olgun
Published: April 2007

A nonwoven fabric made of polypropylene coated by polyethylene was used as the trunk polymer in the preparation of a highly efficient new adsorbent. Metal ion uptake capacity has been aimed to be increased by introducing double amidoxime groups per repeating unit of the chains grafted to trunk polymer. The base polymer was irradiated by electron beams with a dose of 200 kGy under N2 atmosphere and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was grafted onto irradiated nonwoven fabric. Grafting conditions were optimized, and GMA‐grafted polymer was modified with 3,3′‐iminodipropionitrile in ethanol at 80°C. GMA grafting (150%) was determined to be the optimum degree given that higher extent of grafting rendered the materials brittle. Pendant nitrile groups were then amidoximated by using 6% hydroxylamine in methanol–water mixture (1 : 1). The all‐polymeric structures were characterized by using FTIR, SEM, and thermal analysis methods, confirming the grafting, modification, and amidoximation stages gravimetrically, spectroscopically, and visually. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Novel antibacterial composite of coal/LLDPE loaded with silver ions
Authors: Zhou Anning , Yu Zhanjiang
Published: April 2007

A novel antibacterial composite of coal/LLDPE (linear low density polyethylene) loaded with silver ions (ACCPE) was prepared by means of solid–liquid phase adsorption and extrusion. The composite was characterized by IR, XRD and SEM, and the mechanical, rheological, and Ag+‐releasing, and antibacterial properties of the composite were investigated. We discover that the ACCPE shows favorable mechanical properties, features a higher processability and antibacterial activity, and the coal and silver ion possess superimposed effect on antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixture by poly(phenylene oxide) and sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) membranes
Authors: Shih Chi‐Yu , Chen Shih‐Hsiung , Liou Ray‐May , Lai Juin‐Yih , Chang Jang‐Song
Published: April 2007

Sulfonated poly(phenylene oxide) (SPPO) membranes were prepared for dehydrating water/ethanol mixtures. The effects of hydration of sulfonated membranes on pervaporation (PV) performance were discussed by comparing the characteristics of pure PPO and SPPO membranes. The differences in microstructural and hydrophilic properties of membranes were characterized by means of atomic force microscopy and swelling test. The degree of sulfonation of PPO dominates the hydrophilicity of sulfonated membranes and it plays an important role to determine the dehydration performance of PV membranes. The sulfonated membranes present excellent water permeation rate of about 300 g m−2 h−1 with good selectivity up to 700. The experimental results also show that SPPO membranes exhibit better PV performance than pure PPO membranes due to the improvement in hydrophilicity of modified membranes with sulfonation method. The hydrophilic sulfonated membranes enhance the permeate hydration process in membrane matrix and increase the separation performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Effects of impregnation materials on combustion properties of laminated veneer lumber obtained from European oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.)
Authors: Keskin Hakan
Published: April 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of impregnation with boron compounds borax (Bx), boric acid (Bx), Bx + Ba (wt : wt 50 : 50%), Imersol‐aqua (Ia) and Timbercare‐aqua (Ta) on combustion properties of the laminated veneer lumber (LVL) obtained from European oak (Quercus petraea Liebl.) and Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra L.) woods, impregnated with boron compounds, Imersol‐Aqua, and Timbercare‐Aqua according to ASTM D 1413‐76‐99 and directions of the manufacturer. The LVL samples were prepared in the form of five layers, of 3‐mm thickness from the oak and poplar veneers according to TS EN 386. Combustion properties of the LVL test samples were determined according to ASTM D 160‐50. Considering the interaction of combustion type and impregnation materials, the highest flame source combustion (FSC) and without flame source combustion (WFSC) temperatures were found in control test samples, but the lowest values in samples impregnated with Bx and Ia solutions. Consequently, borax in FSC and Imersol‐Aqua in WFSC showed a decreasing impact on combustion properties of the LVL, produced combination of European oak and Lombardy poplar veneers, and bonded with Desmodur‐VTKA. In consequence, the LVL impregnated with borax and Imersol‐Aqua could be recommended as a flame retardance construction material where required. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Soy protein plastics reinforced and toughened by SiO2 nanoparticles
Authors: Ai Fujin , Zheng Hua , Wei Ming , Huang Jin
Published: April 2007

The nano‐SiO2 particles were compounded into soy protein isolated (SPI) matrix to produce a series of reinforcing nanocomposite sheets by compression‐molding. Except for the expected increase of strength and modulus, the elongation was also enhanced when the nano‐SiO2 content was lower than 8 wt %. Moreover, two nanocomposite materials were recommended: the one is a nanocomposite containing 4 wt % nano‐SiO2 with the highest strength and enhanced elongation, the other is a reinforced material with the best elongation filled by 8 wt % nano‐SiO2. The increase of nano‐SiO2 content produced many kinds of distributions in SPI matrix, such as single nanosphere, ∼ 100 nm nanocluster, interconnected network structure and great domain. Such structures strongly affected the mechanical performances of nanocomposite materials. The simultaneous enhancement of strength and elongation was related to homogeneous dispersion of nanoclusters while aggregated great domains severely decreased elongation in spite of obvious reinforcing effect. However, the reinforced materials with high loading of inorganic filler should be paid attention and have economic value to some extent in practical application. With the changes of nano‐SiO2 distribution, the structures of SPI matrix changed as well. After adding a mall amount of nano‐SiO2, the damage of glycerol plasticization to ordered structure of SPI was reduced. But as nano‐SiO2 content increased, the SPI microphase was separated from nano‐SiO2 domains. Furthermore, the condition of simultaneous reinforcing and toughening was put forward: the moderate aggregation of nano‐SiO2 as well as all kinds of strong interfacial interactions. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Polymeric carbon nanocomposites from multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalized with segmented polyurethane
Authors: Wang Tzong‐Liu , Tseng Ching‐Guey
Published: April 2007

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT) were functionalized with segmented polyurethanes (PU) by the “grafting to” approach. Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra show that the sidewalls of MWNTs have been functionalized with acid treatment, and the amount of COOH increases with increasing acid treatment time. FTIR and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) spectra confirm that PU is covalently attached to the sidewalls of MWNTs by esterification reaction. Similar to the parent PU, the functionalized carbon nanotube samples are soluble in highly polar solvents, such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF). The functionalized acid amount and the grafted PU amount were determined by thermogravimetric analyses (TGA). Comparative studies, based on SEM images between the PU‐functionalized and chemically defunctionalized MWNT samples, also reveal the covalent coating character. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) of nanocomposite films prepared from PU and PU‐functionalized MWNTs show enhanced mechanical properties and increased soft segment Tg. Tensile properties indicate that PU‐functionalized MWNTs are effective reinforcing fillers for the polyurethane matrix. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Potential wound dressing with improved antimicrobial property
Authors: Man Guan , Lei Ren , Ting Wu , Li‐Ping Sun , Ling‐Rong Li , Qi‐Qing Zhang
Published: April 2007

Cultured skin substitutes have provided a new approach for the closure of wounds, but these avascular grafts are subject to microbial destruction that may lead to tissue infection. To minimize wound infection, HN‐300 (a new inorganic antimicrobial particle) was incorporated into the collagen–chitosan wound dressing. Antimicrobial, cytotoxicity, release rate, swelling, and mechanical properties of this material were assessed. The antimicrobial property was enhanced with the increasing dosage of HN‐300. When the concentration of HN‐300 was more than 5%, the films showed sustained and stable antimicrobial property within 144 h. When the concentration of HN‐300 was less than 7.5%, the wound dressings were noncytotoxic and compatible for L929 fibroblasts. So 5% HN‐300 in antimicrobial films was suitable and the concentration also could improve the mechanical properties of the collagen–chitosan wound dressings. After treatment with 5% glycerol, the film's stability was enhanced and silver ions were protected at the same time. Hence, collagen/chitosan/HN‐300 films are of great potential in application as wound dressing in future, because of their good biosafety and physical properties. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Effect of casting solvent on characteristics of hexanoyl chitosan/polylactide blend films
Authors: Peesan Manisara , Supaphol Pitt , Rujiravanit Ratana
Published: April 2007

Blend films of hexanoyl chitosan (H‐chitosan) and polylactide (PLA) were cast from corresponding blend solutions in chloroform, dichloromethane, or tetrahydrofuran. Thermal degradation behavior of the as‐prepared blend films was intermediate to those of the pure components and no significant effect from the type of the casting solvent was observed. All of the blend films exhibited one composition‐dependent glass transition temperature, but the results only suggested partial miscibility of the components in the amorphous phase at “low” contents of H‐chitosan. As revealed by solvent etching technique, the as‐prepared blend films prepared from the blend solutions in chloroform and dichloromethane showed extensive phase separation of the two components, with the minor phase forming into discrete domains throughout the matrix. Both thermal and X‐ray analyses showed that the apparent degree of crystallinity of the PLA component in the blends decreased monotonically with increasing H‐chitosan content and the choice of the casting solvent did not have an effect on the structure of PLA crystals. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Synthesis and characterization of a liquid crystalline epoxy containing azomethine mesogen for modification of epoxy resin
Authors: Gao Zongyong , Yu Yingfeng , Xu Yuanze , Li Shanjun
Published: April 2007

A novel liquid crystalline epoxy monomer, 1,1′‐bis [4‐(2,3‐epoxypropoxyphenyleneininomethyl)]‐2,2′‐dimethylbiphenylene (BMPE) was synthesized and characterized by infrared (IR) and Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The effect of BMPE content on mechanical and thermal properties of its blends with Diglycidyl Ether of Biphenol A (DGEBA) was investigated. BMPE presented a Schlieren texture in the range of 150 to 215°C as observed by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and polarizing optical microscope (POM). The improvement of mechanical properties of DGEBA modified with BMPE was achieved without sacrificing thermal resistance. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) graphs of fracture surfaces of the cured blends showed that microfiber‐like structure formed in the cured blends, which would be a result of self‐oriented alignment of azomethine mesogen component. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Continuous phenol biodegradation at high concentrations in an immobilized‐cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor
Authors: Li Yi , Loh Kai‐Chee
Published: April 2007

Phenol degradation at high concentrations was investigated under continuous operation in an immobilized‐cell hollow fiber membrane bioreactor. Pseudomonas putida ATCC49451 was immobilized in asymmetric polysulfone hollow fiber membranes through entrapment within the porous regions and through attachment on the membrane surfaces. Bioreactor performance was assessed based on the startup period, the effect of feed rate (ranging from 21 to 120 mL/h), the relative contribution of the lumen and the shell sides to phenol degradation, the effect of feed phenol concentration (1000–2000 mg/L) and the long‐term operation of the bioreactor. The bioreactor startup was very short, and steady state was accomplished within 160 h. An optimum degradation capacity with respect to phenol loading rate was observed because of the tradeoff in the amount of phenol degraded against the increase in feed rate. It was also found that at higher feed rate, the shell side contributed to a larger proportion of the total phenol degraded compared with the lumen. On the basis of these results, it was found that options abound for the operating conditions of the bioreactor. These can be chosen depending on whether complete phenol degradation or high degradation capacity is desirable. Finally, long‐term sustainable continuous operation of the bioreactor was demonstrated without significant biofilm fouling on the membranes. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Keywords given by authors of scientific articles in database descriptors
Authors: Gil‐Leiva Isidoro , Alonso‐Arroyo Adolfo
Published: April 2007

In this article, the authors analyze the keywords given by authors of scientific articles and the descriptors assigned to the articles to ascertain the presence of the keywords in the descriptors. Six‐hundred forty INSPEC (Information Service for Physics, Engineering, and Computing), CAB (Current Agriculture Bibliography) abstracts, ISTA (Information Science and Technology Abstracts), and LISA (Library and Information Science Abstracts) database records were consulted. After detailed comparisons, it was found that keywords provided by authors have an important presence in the database descriptors studied; nearly 25% of all the keywords appeared in exactly the same form as descriptors, with another 21% though normalized, still detected in the descriptors. This means that almost 46% of keywords appear in the descriptors, either as such or after normalization. Elsewhere, three distinct indexing policies appear, one represented by INSPEC and LISA (indexers seem to have freedom to assign the descriptors they deem necessary); another is represented by CAB (no record has fewer than four descriptors and, in general, a large number of descriptors is employed). In contrast, in ISTA, a certain institutional code exists towards economy in indexing because 84% of records contain only four descriptors.
Y. Xu, C.Y. Tan and L. Yang, ‘Who will you ask? An empirical study of interpersonal task information seeking’. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology57(12) 2006, 1666–1677
Authors: Tan Bernard C.Y.
Published: April 2007

The original article to which this Erratum refers was published in Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology 57(12) 2006, 1666–1677.
The road to cooperative supply‐chain environmental management: trust and uncertainty among pro‐active firms
Authors: Sharfman Mark P. , Shaft Teresa M. , Anex Robert P.
Published: April 2007

The pressures on firms to improve their environmental performance have caused them to look outside their boundaries towards their supply chains. In such approaches, firms work with vendors to develop the environmental profile of supplied materials (for example) by reducing materials' toxicity or the amount of packaging used. While large firms can mandate that their suppliers comply with such initiatives, more cooperative approaches are generally likely to be more fruitful. This article presents the results from an exploratory, two phase study of the conditions under which firms engage in cooperative supply‐chain environmental management. First, the authors conducted interviews with 14 leading‐edge firms. In the second phase, the authors conducted a theoretical‐sample survey to examine a model of the antecedents of cooperative supply‐chain environmental management. The results suggest that inter‐firm trust, uncertainty and pro‐active environmental management most directly affect the extent to which firms engage in cooperative supply‐chain environmental management. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.
Charge Decomposition Analysis of the Electron Localizability Indicator: A Bridge between the Orbital and Direct Space Representation of the Chemical Bond
Authors: Wagner Frank R. , Bezugly Viktor , Kohout Miroslav , Grin Yuri
Published: April 2007

The novel functional electron localizability indicator is a useful tool for investigating chemical bonding in molecules and solids. In contrast to the traditional electron localization function (ELF), the electron localizability indicator is shown to be exactly decomposable into partial orbital contributions even though it displays at the single‐determinantal level of theory the same topology as the ELF. This approach is generally valid for molecules and crystals at either the single‐determinantal or the explicitly correlated level of theory. The advantages of the new approach are illustrated for the argon atom, homonuclear dimers N2 and F2, unsaturated hydrocarbons C2H4 and C6H6, and the transition‐metal‐containing molecules Sc22+ and TiF4.
V2O5 Phase Diagram Revisited at High Pressures and High Temperatures.
Authors: Balog P. , Orosel D. , Cancarevic Z. , Schoen C. , Jansen M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Product Evolution in the Np(IV) Fluorophosphate System.
Authors: Bray Travis H. , Sullens Tyler A. , Shvareva Tatiana Y. , Sykora Richard E. , Haire Richard G. , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation and Crystal Structures of Ruthenium and Osmium Oxide Tetrahalides.
Authors: Shorafa Hashem , Seppelt Konrand
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Polymer‐Supported Chiral Lithium Amide Bases and Application in Asymmetric Deprotonation of Prochiral Cyclic Ketones.
Authors: Ma Lili , Williard Paul G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of β‐Dimethylaminoacrolein Aminal and 3‐Dimethylamino‐1,1,3‐trimethoxypropane with Alkylidenemalononitriles.
Authors: Krasnaya Zhanna A. , Tret'yakova Evgeniya O. , Zlotin Sergei G.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Rearrangement of Carbocations Derived from 1,8‐Bis(dimethylamino)naphthyl‐2‐methanols into 4‐R‐1,1,3‐Trimethyl‐2,3‐dihydroperimidinium Salts
Authors: Ryabtsova Oksana V. , Pozharskii Alexander F. , Degtyarev Alexander V. , Ozeryanskii Valery A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Novel and Efficient Synthesis of Nitriles from Aldehydes under Solvent‐Free Microwave Irradiation Conditions.
Authors: Lee Jong Chan , Yoon Jae Man , Baek Jong Wook
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cleavage of a Chiral Auxiliary Using RCM on an Especially Sterically Crowded Alkene: Syntheses of Chiral Carbo‐ and Heterocycles.
Authors: Spino Claude , Boisvert Luc , Douville Jasmin , Roy Stephanie , Lauzon Sophie , Minville Joannie , Gagnon David , Beaumier Francis , Chabot Christine
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Chiral Auxiliary Cleavable by Ring‐Closing Alkene Metathesis — Efficient Synthesis of Chiral Nonracemic Cycloalkenes.
Authors: Boisvert Luc , Beaumier Francis , Spino Claude
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lower Rim Substituted p‐tert‐Butylcalix[4]arenes. Part 11. New Ester Derivatives of Calix[4]arene, Their Ionophoric Properties and X‐Ray Structure Studies.
Authors: Bochenska Maria , Lesinska Urszula , Hoffmann Maria , Chojnacki Jaroslaw
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Novel Synthetic Approach Toward (.+‐.)‐β‐Cuparenone via Palladium‐Catalyzed Tandem Heck Cyclization of 1‐Bromo‐5‐methyl‐1‐aryl‐hexa‐1,5‐dien‐3‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Ray Devalina , Ray Jayanta K.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Proline‐Catalyzed Mannich Reaction of Aldehydes with N‐Boc‐Imines.
Authors: Yang Jung Woon , Stadler Michael , List Benjamin
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
L‐Proline Diamides with an Axially Chiral Binaphthylene Backbone as Efficient Organocatalysts for Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions: The Effect of Acetic Acid.
Authors: Ma Guang‐Ning , Zhang Yun‐Peng , Shi Min
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical Diastereoselective Synthesis of β‐Hydroxy‐β‐trifluoromethyl Imines.
Authors: Liu Zhen‐Jiang , Mei Ying‐Qiao , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium on Carbon—Diethylamine‐Mediated Hydrodeoxygenation of Phenol Derivatives under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Mori Akinori , Mizusaki Tomoteru , Ikawa Takashi , Maegawa Tomohiro , Monguchi Yasunari , Sajiki Hironao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A General and Efficient Reduction of Acyl Chlorides to Aldehydes by Sm(0)/Bu3P.
Authors: Jia Xueshun , Liu Xiaotao , Li Jian , Zhao Peichao , Zhang Yongmin
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Heavier Alkaline Earth Amides as Catalysts for the Tischenko Reaction.
Authors: Crimmin Mark R. , Barrett Anthony G. M. , Hill Michael S. , Procopiou Panayiotis A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CuCl‐Catalyzed Cleavage of S‐Triphenylmethyl Thioether: A New Detritylation Method for Thio Group.
Authors: Ma Ming , Zhang Xiu , Peng Lingling , Wang Jianbo
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The [Ru(CO)(porphyrin)]‐Catalyzed Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐2‐vinylaziridines.
Authors: Piangiolino Cristiana , Gallo Emma , Caselli Alessandro , Fantauzzi Simone , Ragaini Fabio , Cenini Sergio
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Samarium(II) Promoted Stereoselective Synthesis of Antiproliferative cis‐β‐Alkoxy‐γ‐alkyl‐γ‐lactones.
Authors: Donadel Osvaldo J. , Martin Tomas , Martin Victor S. , Padron Jose M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of 4,4a,9,9a‐Tetrahydrocarbazoles and 1,3a,4,8b‐Tetrahydrocyclopenta[b]indoles.
Authors: Gataullin R. R. , Ishberdina R. R. , Shitikova O. V. , Minnigulov F. F. , Spirikhin L. V. , Abdrakhmanov I. B.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
The Synthesis of 4,4′‐Arylmethylene‐bis(3‐(trifluoromethyl)‐1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐ol) in Aqueous Media without Catalyst.
Authors: Yao Chang‐Sheng , Yu Chen‐Xia , Tu Shu‐Jiang , Shi Da‐Qing , Wang Xiang‐Shan , Zhu You‐Quan , Yang Hua‐Zheng
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amidines Synthesis by Reaction of 4‐Amino‐1,2,4‐triazole with Nitriles.
Authors: Volkova K. A. , Albanov A. I.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3,5,6‐Trisubstituted α‐Pyrones from Baylis—Hillman Adducts.
Authors: Kim Seong Jin , Lee Hyun Seung , Kim Jae Nyoung
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Efficient Synthesis of Fused Tricycles with a Benzene Core via Intramolecular Double Ring‐Closing Enyne Metathesis.
Authors: Liang Zhiqiang , Ma Shengming , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Flexible Strategy for Differentially 3,5‐Disubstituted 4‐Oxypyridin‐2(1H)‐ones Based on Site‐Selective Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions.
Authors: Conreaux David , Bossharth Emmanuel , Monteiro Nuno , Desbordes Philippe , Vors Jean‐Pierre , Balme Genevieve
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Convenient Synthetic Approach to 2,4‐Disubstituted Quinazolines.
Authors: Ferrini Serena , Ponticelli Fabio , Taddei Maurizio
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Protected Chiral Vicinal Diaminoalcohols by Diastereoselective Intramolecular Benzylic Substitution from Bistrichloroacetimidates.
Authors: Rondot Christophe , Retailleau Pascal , Zhu Jieping
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Unusual Reaction of Isatoic Anhydride with Acetyl‐ and Benzoylmethylenetriphenylphosphoranes.
Authors: Kozminykh E. N. , Goncharov V. I. , Aitken R. A. , Kouminykh V. O. , Lomidze K. Sh.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐ and (S)‐α‐Amino‐3‐piperidinylphosphonic Acids via Phosphite Addition to Iminium Ions.
Authors: Louaisil Nicolas , Rabasso Nicolas , Fadel Antoine
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Absolute Configurations of Naturally Occurring Quinones: Ventilagone (I) and Dunnione (II).
Authors: Cooke Raymond G. , Ghisalberti Emilio L. , Johnson Brian L. , Raston Colin L. , Skelton Brian W. , White Allan H.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
trans‐Acetonide Controlled endo‐Selective Intramolecular Nitrone—Alkene Cycloaddition of Hept‐6‐enoses: A Facile Entry to Calystegines, Tropanes, and Hydroxylated Aminocycloheptanes.
Authors: Shing Tony K. M. , Wong Wai F. , Ikeno Taketo , Yamada Tohru
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Highly Efficient Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Novel Branched Thiooligosaccharides by Substrate Direction with Glucansucrases
Authors: Hellmuth Hendrik , Hillringhaus Lars , Hoebbel Sven , Kralj Slavko , Dijkhuizen Lubbert , Seibel Juergen
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Practical and Facile Approach Towards Indole Alkaloids: (‐)‐Mitralactonine.
Authors: Chavan Subhash P. , Sharma Pallavi , Sivappa Rasapalli , Kalkote Uttam R.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Unusual β‐Elimination of Carbocyclic Ketonucleosides Catalyzed by Silica Gel.
Authors: Liu Xiaozhen , Guo Xin , Wang Fei , Lei Guangqing , Luo Dongdong
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Rubiginones A2 and C2 and Their 11‐Methoxy Regioisomers.
Authors: Carreno M. Carmen , Somoza Alvaro , Ribagorda Maria , Urbano Antonio
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis of Siomycin A
Authors: Nakata Masaya , et al. et al.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Solid‐State Ion‐Exchange of Zeolites.
Authors: Price Geoffrey L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.