bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surgical anatomy of the intrapelvic branches of the superior gluteal artery in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype
Authors: Kuzmenko A. V. , Radzetskaya K. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify the localization variants of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA) in individuals of the dolihomorphic somatotype. Material and methods. 27 male dead bodies (at the age from 30 to 75) and 12 female dead bodies (at the age from 34 to 88) were used as the material for the research, the individuals had died as a result of accidental causes not related to pelvic pathology. The vascular injection method, preparation method, and statistical processing of the obtained data were applied to attain the objective. Results. It has been found that the formation of the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses in males and females is most often present in the proximal and middle onethirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA, rarely - in its distal one-third. Stable hemostasis with high probability can be achieved by excluding from the bloodstream of the proximal and middle one-thirds of the intrapelvic part of the SGA using selective emboli or by ligation. Conclusions. The performed research has demonstrated that the intrapelvic branches and anastomoses of the SGA in males and females have the definite pattern of their origination.
Improvement of prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis in a fetus
Authors: Chukanov A. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to identify the most practical method for diagnosing bilateral renal agenesis in a fetus during prenatal ultrasound screening. Material and methods. The study included the results of ultrasound screening of 50 fetuses, which initially, were presumptively diagnosed with bilateral renal agenesis using the generally accepted method of ultrasound screening. The sonographic characteristics and visualization features of the structures of the urinary system of the fetuses were analyzed. Results. The sensitivity indices of the basic methods for diagnosing bilateral renal agenesis in a fetus (87.5 %), specificity (93 %) and general accuracy (92.2 %) have been determined; a method for prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis in a fetus has been developed, which consists in assessing the possibility of ultrasound imaging of the fetal bladder after an administration of furosemide to the pregnant patient, which has increased the sensitivity and specificity of the method up to 100 %. Conclusion. The developed method of prenatal diagnosis of bilateral renal agenesis in a fetus, which consists in assessing the possibility of ultrasound imaging of the fetal urinary bladder after an administration of furosemide to the pregnant patient, improves the quality of the diagnosis of congenital malformations of the fetal kidneys and minimizes unreasonable psychoemotional stress in the pregnant patient resulting from the false positive diagnosis, which is a fundamental question for appropriateness of prolongation of her pregnancy.
Issues of the diagnosis of hepatorenal syndrome in the practice of clinical medicine and pathoanatomy
Authors: Savarina V. A. , Mitsura V. M. , Skuratov A. G. , Martemyanova L. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the results of autopsies of patients with liver cirrhosis, to analyze the frequency of diagnosing «hepatorenal syndrome» (HRS) and its conformity with diagnostic criteria. Material and methods. A retrospective cohort analysis of 130 autopsies of patients with liver cirrhosis was performed. HRS was detected clinically and/or pathologically in 43.8 % of the patients. Clinical data and autopsy protocols of 27 patients with liver cirrhosis were analyzed in detail for compliance of the diagnosis of HRS with diagnostic criteria. The data were recorded and analyzed in MS Excel 2010. Results. The frequency of the diagnosis «hepatorenal syndrome» significantly exceeds the real prevalence of this pathology; its diagnostic criteria are often not followed; HRS is not considered to be the diagnosis of exclusion; the type of HRS is not indicated; for healthcare specialists there is often equality in the terms «hepatorenal syndrome» and «hepato-renal failure». Conclusion. To improve the quality of medical care for patients with liver cirrhosis, it is necessary to adhere more strictly to the clinical protocol «Diagnosis and treatment of patients with diseases of the digestive system», to introduce more accurate additions to it, and to increase knowledge of healthcare specialists in the field of HRS diagnosis.
Primary prevention of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis
Authors: Smagina N. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the application of beta-blockers for primary prevention of bleeding esophageal varices in patients with liver cirrhosis. Material and methods. A retrospective study included 46 patients with liver cirrhosis of various etiology having II-III stage esophageal varices. All the patients were divided into two equal groups. The basic group was made up of 23 (50 %) patients who were prescribed beta-blockers at recommended dosages continuously over the observation period from 2009 till 2018 for the purpose of primary prevention of bleeding esophageal varices. The control group included 23 (50 %) patients with liver cirrhosis in whom the primary prevention of the bleedings was not performed. Results. The assessment of the effectiveness of beta-blockers was performed with two indicators: the frequency of bleeding esophageal varices and their mortality. The application of beta-blockers made it possible to reduce the bleeding frequency from 34.8 % to 13 % (р = 0.10) and the mortality from 21.7 % to 0 % (р = 0.02). Conclusion. In order to detect early stages of esophageal varices, endoscopic screening should be performed for all patients with liver cirrhosis. The presence of II-III stage esophageal varices requires primary prevention of the bleedings. The drug-of-choice are non-selective beta-blockers. Timely and adequately prevention reduces the risk of the bleedings and their mortality.
Neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves: methodological aspects of diagnostic blocks
Authors: Yurkovskiy A. M. , Nazarenko I. V. , Melnikova A. S.
Published: November 2021

Objective: on the basis of a literature review, to select the most convenient method of a diagnostic block of the superior and middle cluneal nerves that can be used in wide clinical practice.

Material. Publications that are deposited in PubMed resources and information portal eLIBRARY.RU and contain information on the application of diagnostic blocks of the superior and middle cluneal nerves were studied and analyzed.

Results. The most important aspects dealing with the prospects of the application of diagnostic blocks in neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves have been selected.

Conclusion. There is a variety of approaches to nerve block techniques and assessment of its results. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a step-by-step method for conducting diagnostic and therapeutic blocks in neuropathy of the superior and middle cluneal nerves that is convenient for use in wide clinical practice.
Effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment for atopic pathology in children
Authors: Zariankina A. I. , Mirrakhimova M. Kh. , Shamsieva E. R.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the effectiveness of leukotriene receptor antagonists in the treatment foratopic pathology in children.

Material and methods. 224 children with allergic diseases were prescribed to take montelucast for 3– 6 months.

Results. Taking montelucast has lead to positive clinical dynamics in 75 % of the cases.A significant reduction of the eosinophil count was achieved on days 10–15 of the therapy. The Cys-LTC4/D4/E4 indices came to normal after a one-month course of montelucast therapy in 40.3 % of cases in children with bronchial asthma, in 63.3 % of cases in children with allergic rhinitis and in 60.5 % of cases in children with atopic dermatitis.

Conclusions. The use of montelucast has significantly enhanced the control incidencerate ofallergic diseases in children.
Clinical features of the disease course in patients with solitary plasmacytoma and extramedullary multiple myeloma
Authors: Kozich Zh. M. , Martinkov V. N. , Pugacheva Zh. N. , Zhandarov M. Yu. , Smirnova L. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the clinical laboratory features of the course of solitary plasmacytoma (SP) and extramedullary multiple myeloma (EMM).

Material and methods. The study included 42 people (22 patients newly diagnosed with EMM and 20 patients diagnosed with SP of various localization). The results were evaluated after 3 years of the study. The median age in the SP group was 61.5 years, in the EMM group — 65 years.

Results. A comparative analysis of the SP and EMM groups in terms of the clinical and laboratory parameters has found no statistical differences in the distribution of immunochemical variants. Significant differences were found in the frequency of determination of the abnormal ratio of immunoglobulin light chains (p = 0.046).

In EMM, extramedullary lesions were the most common for patients with multiple lytic bone lesions of the skeleton. SP was the most frequently detected in lesions of the peripheral skeletal bones and vertebral bodies.

Clinically, EMM was characterized by a more aggressive course if additional factors of an unfavorable prognosis (translocations, mutations) or unfavorable immunophenotypic markers (a combination of signs — expression of markers CD56 > 20 % and CD95 < 20 %) were identified or if the disease had been diagnosed at a young age.

The presence of even a minimal number of tumor or aberrant plasma cells in the bone marrow of SP patients, an abnormal ratio of immunoglobulin light chains, paraprotein detected in blood serum or urine were all poor prognostic factors.

Conclusion. The clinical course of SP and EMM combined with a young age, the presence of translocations or mutations, unfavorable immunophenotypic markers, is characterized by an increased frequency of progression or the development of resistance to the performed therapy.
Lymphocyte cytoskeleton reorganization caused by a short-term action of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on the blood in vitro
Authors: Shklyarova A. N. , Tsukanova E. V. , Starodubtseva M. N. , Cheshik I. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to detect changes in the parameters of the structure and mechanical properties of the surface layer of lymphocytes in the blood of a rat after a single action (30 min and 2 h) of an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (ELF EMF) on the rat`s whole blood in vitro.

Material and methods. We exposed the whole blood of a Wistar rat (4.5 months) to the effect of ELF EMF (50 Hz, B = 0.79 mT), generated by an experimental setup based on a Helmholtz coil. Lymphocytes were isolated from the blood using the Histopaque-1077 density gradient sedimentation method, then were placed on the surface of glass slides and fixed with glutaraldehyde, and finally were dried. We performed atomic force microscopy (AFM) using the atomic force microscope Bioscope Resolve in the PeakForce QMN mode in air.

Results. On the basis of the results of the analysis of the AFM images, we classified the lymphocytes into several morphological types depending on the size of the lamellopodium. We analyzed the mechanical properties of the surface areas sized 250 nm × 250 nm for lymphocytes with the lamellopodium sized 400–1100 nm. The analysis found an rise in the elastic modulus of the lymphocyte surface after a short-term action (30 min) of ELF EMF. When the time of the ELF EMF exposure was increased up to 2 hours, the elastic (elastic modulus) and adhesive properties (the adhesion force between the AFM probe tip and cell surface) of the lymphocytes were significantly weakened.

Conclusion. For the first time using the AFM method we have detected nanoscale changes in the structure and mechanical properties of the surface of the rat`s lymphocytes after a short-term action of ELF EMF (50 Hz, 0.79 mT, 30 min), which are indicative of the activation of the functions of lymphocytes as an immune system component in response to the short-term exposure of ELF EMF.
Features of hardiness and emotional burnout among mid-level health providers at a district level
Authors: Lagodich T. Yu. , Novak N. G. , Soboleva L. G. , Sharshakova T. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers having different hardiness levels.

Material and methods. The study involved 104 mid-level health providers. To identify the features of hardiness and emotional burnout among the mid-level health providers, the method of diagnosing the level of emotional burnout (by V. V. Boyko) and the Hardiness Survey by S. Maddi (modified by E.N. Osin, E.I. Rasskazova) were used.

Results. A considerably larger number of people having marked signs and symptoms of emotional burnout have been revealed in the group of health providers with a low hardiness level than in the groups of health providers having medium and high hardiness levels. The features of emotional burnout among mid-level health providers with different levels of hardiness have been identified.

Conclusion. A high hardiness level will promote and enhance physical and mental health of health providers and is a means of preventing emotional exhaustion during professional activity.
Assessment of the quality of a binary classifier in research
Authors: Kovalev A. A. , Kuznetsov B. K. , Yadchenko A. A. , Ignatenko V. A.
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the basic principles of the assessment of the quality of a binary classifier using the potential of the ROC analysis and describes a ROC analysis algorithm and the interpretation of the obtained results. The work discusses the methodology for the calculation of the main parameters of the ROC curve, as well as the instructions for the assessment of their statistical significance.
Analysis of the demographic situation in Gomel region (2008–2019)
Authors: Ostrovsky A. M. , Koliada I. N. , Sharshakova T. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective:to analyze the medical and demographic indicators in Gomel Region between 2008 to 2019 in dynamics.

Material and methods.The source of initial information was the materials of the annual reports of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus for the period from 2008 to 2019. The calculation and assessment of the demographic indicators were made according to the generally accepted method. The 95 % probability of differences (α = 0.05) was considered to be statistically significant.

Results.The performed analysis has showed that an unfavorable demographic situation still persists in Gomel Region. Thus, the average population in 2019 decreased by 5.8 thousand people compared to 2008 and made up 1409.9 thousand people. The number of urban dwellers in the region made up 1095.4 thousand people and increased by 0.5 thousand people, the rural population decreased by 6.3 thousand people and made up 315.5 thousand people. The share of the rural population in the total population of the region is currently 23.3 %. On the whole, there is a negative natural increase. The natural decline remains stable and long-term, and in the year of 2019 it was — 3.8 ‰. The general mortality rate increased by 3.8 %, and the birth rate decreased by 4.9% compared to the previous year. The mortality rate among the working-age population remains high. The study has found the stabilization and even a decrease of child and infant mortalities over the past years.

Conclusion.The analysis of the demographic processes in Gomel Region between 2008 and 2019 indicates their direct and significant negative impact on the population size and its age and sex structure. This tendency is not temporary, as it is associated with the current historical process. The number of residents in the region is constantly decreasing, which is mainly related to the stable natural decline. Taking into account the current demographic crisis not only in Gomel Region but also in other regions of the Republic of Belarus, health promotion and enhancement among the population should be the most important priorities of the state policy.
Pseudo-coronary variant of the course of myocarditis
Authors: Tishkov S. P. , Dotsenko E. A. , Platoshkin E. N. , Rebeko E. S. , Tireshchenko E. G. , Sazonov S. N. , Nikulina N. A. , Rusak T. V. , Zatoloka N. V.
Published: November 2021

The clinical manifestations of myocarditis may have many variants. At the onset of the disease, it may progress as myocardial infarction. In this regard, the diagnosis of myocarditis is often justified by the clinical picture of the disease, changes in the electrocardiogram, echocardiogram, elevated level of cardio-specific enzymes coupled with the absence of coronary pathology. However, not always data obtained during the examination of patients at the beginning of the disease allow undertaking differential diagnosis between myocardial infarction and myocarditis.
Using autologous red bone marrow aspirates for acceleration of wound healing
Authors: Fedzianin S. D.
Published: November 2021

Objectives: to develop a method for management of chronic wounds based on the use of autologous red bone marrow aspirates.

Material and methods. A randomized study of the second phase of the wound healing process was conducted in 72 patients with chronic wounds. The standard methods were used to assess the dynamics of the wound healing process.

Results. The rate of the wound healing process in the main group was Me 6.0 (LQ 5.0; UQ 35.0) % per day, and in the control group — 3.0 (LQ 3.0; UQ 28.0) % per day, which was authentically twice as high in the use of autologous red bone marrow aspirates (p = 0.00036). The duration of the phase of granulation tissue formation and maturation in the main group was Me 5.0 (LQ 3.0; UQ 7.0) days, and in the control group — Me 12.0 (LQ 9.0; UQ 15.0) (p < 0.00001).

Conclusion. The developed method of wound healing acceleration is characterized by its technical simplicity, convenience and cheapness. Its use makes it possible with high fidelity to reduce the duration of the second phase of the wound healing process by 7 days and leads to a two-fold increase in the healing rate of wound defects.
Phylogenetic features of papillomaviruses and their significance in the diagnosis of papillomavirus infection
Authors: Korsak K. S. , Voropaev E. V.
Published: November 2021

Viruses belonging to the Papillomaviridae family have been isolated from mammals, birds and reptiles. The analysis of the genome structure of more than 240 different types of papillomaviruses has made it possible to better understand their evolutionary path. The existing data indicate that many diverse evolutionary mechanisms have influenced their phylogenetic tree. For more than 400 million years, papillomaviruses have occupied various ecological niches. Niche sorting was followed by extensive periods of host-parasite co-evolution. Adaptation to different host tissues, as well as to changing environmental conditions can explain some features of the members of the Papillomaviridae family, one of which is human papillomavirus (HPV), having an important clinical significance. The study of the driving mechanisms of the evolution will help to change the notions about HPV virulence, character of its spread, epidemiology, as well as the pathogenesis and the course of oncologic diseases caused by it. This review highlights some moments of the evolutionary history of papillomaviruses which created a background for the development of oncogenic features of certain HPV types.
Study of clustered DNA lesions in the liver in acute toxic injury
Authors: Skuratov A. G. , Shaforost A. S. , Zyatskov A. A. , Lyzikov A. N. , Osipkina O. V. , Voropaev E. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to test and optimize a method for detecting clustered DNA lesions with an assessment of the quantitative characteristics of hepatic changes using an experimental model of acute toxic hepatitis.

Material and methods: Laboratory C57Bl/6 mice at the age of 10 weeks were used for the study. Acute toxic liver injury was induced by means of a single intraperitoneal injection of 30 % CCI4 solution in olive oil. The withdrawal of the animals from the experiment was made after 72 hours. For the detection of clustered DNA lesions, a liver fragment was resected.

Results. The electrophoretic parameters which are the most optimal for obtaining primary data for the subsequent calculation of the number of clustered DNA lesions have been proposed. The number of clusters in the DNA samples from the animals of the control group is significantly lower than in the experimental group and amounts to 54.80 [37.65; 59.24] and 76.82 [60.95; 92.41] APE1 clusters per million bp., respectively.

Conclusion. Successful testing and optimization of the OCDL method for the detection of clustered lesions in liver DNA have been performed. The study has shown an increase in the number of APE1 clusters and double-strand breaks in the DNA of the C57Bl laboratory mice with induced acute toxic hepatitis, which indicates significant derangement of DNA integrity and a high risk of developing progressive liver diseases in its toxic damage.
UD ÇALGISINDA METRONOM KULLANMANIN ÖNEMİ
Authors: ZİYAGİL Hakan Emre
Published: November 2021

Çalgı eğitimi ve icrasında en önemli unsurlar arasında yer alan “ritmik yapının” önemi her daim ön plana çıkmaktadır. Müzik denilen olgunun kısa tanımında yer alan “ses kaynağı” ve “ritim” öğeleri de dikkate alındığında bilinmektedir ki temelde ritim sistematiğinin her müzisyende olması temel bir şarttır. Bu temelde “ritmik yapı” denilen kavram ele alındığında karşımıza metronom kullanımının önemi çıkmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı; ritim duygusunun geliştirilmesi ve ud çalgısına uyarlanması konusunda tespit edilen bazı problemleri ortaya koymaya çalışarak bu problemlerin nasıl bertaraf edileceği konusunda gerekli teknik bilgilerin aktarılmasıdır.

Çalışmada metronom kullanımının ud çalgısında öncelikli olarak mızrap teknikleri ile nasıl uygulanması gerektiği konusu ele alınarak temel bilgilere yer verilmiştir. Aynı zamanda yanlış mızrap kullanımlarının metronom sistematiğinde ortaya çıkardığı aksiliklere de değinilmiştir. Yanlış mızrap tekniği kullanımının icracıda yol açtığı bazı kas sendromları hakkında bilgilere yer verilmiş ve gerekli açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Ayrıca metronom hızının yanlış belirlenmesinden kaynaklanan senkron bozuklukları da bu çalışma kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Gerek ud klavyesindeki parmaklar arasında gerekse mızrap vuruşlarında ortaya çıkan senkron bozukluklarının nedenleri ayrıca değerlendirmeye tâbi tutulmuştur. Mızrap vuruşlarının temel mantığı olan Üst (A) ve Alt (B) sisteminin nasıl uygulanmasının gerektiği detayları ile birlikte açıklanmaya çalışılmıştır.

Nota ölçülerinin meydana getirmiş olduğu tartımların, metronom kullanarak ud çalgısına nasıl uyarlanacağı konusunda bazı teknik açıklamalar yapılmıştır. Bu teknik açıklamaların temelinde 1/4'lük, 1/8’lik ve Triole kalıpları yer almaktadır. Bu kalıpların ud ve metronom ilişkisinde oldukça önemli olduğu bu çalışma kapsamında ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu araştırmada konuyla ilgili verilerin toplanması amacıyla nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama (Survey) modeli kullanılmakla birlikte araştırma sonucunda ulaşılan verilerin ise betimsel analiz yönteminden yararlanılarak yorumlanmış ve bu bağlamda çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Nachsorge unter erschwerten Vorzeichen – Erfahrungen forensischer Nachsorgeambulanzen mit Sexualstraftätern, die nach der Novelle der Verhältnismäßigkeitsregelung entlassen wurden
Authors: Grotepaß Julia , Hein Nora , Gubi-Kelm Silvia , Querengässer Jan
Published: November 2021

A major amendment of the German Criminal Code concerning treatment in forensic psychiatric hospitals (Secs. 63, 67 StGB) became effective in August 2016 and has led to an increasing number of discharges of sex offenders. In addition to inpatient treatment practice, this also poses great challenges for forensic aftercare. After a brief overview of the amendment, this article examines how it affects the release practice and legal probation. Based on the analysis of the post-inpatient development of ten sex offenders from North Rhine-Westphalia who were released for disproportionate reasons, the far-reaching consequences of the amendment forensic aftercare have to deal with are illustrated. Finally, attention is drawn to the great need for action and alternative solutions to reduce the length of stay and strengthens the patients fundamental right to freedom are proposed.
FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HAEMATURIA IN CHILDREN IN AGE GROUP OF 1 TO 14 YEARS
Authors: Latif Farzana , Rai Muhammad Hammad Arif  , Arif Zaheer  , Agha Shabbir Ali
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Haematuria is the most common urinary finding that bring children to the attention of the paediatric nephrologists. It can be caused by glomerular & non-glomerular diseases. The main causes of Haematuria are urinary tract infections, trauma to abdomen, acute post streptococcal glomerulonephritis and congenital hydronephrosis.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to identify the distribution of factors in children with haematuria in age group of 1 to 14 years

METHODS: A total of 84 admitted patients of haematuria, who fulfill the inclusive criteria,were enrolled in this study after consent from their parents. Each patient was evaluated through history, examination and investigated. Urine sample of each patient was analyzed for a microscopic examination. Investigations / imaging were performed in clinical laboratory of LGH / PGMI, Lahore. The collected information was entered into SPSS version 20, and analyzed.

RESULTS:  There were 47(44.05%) male and 37(55.95%) female patients in this study. The mean age of patients was 8.69 ± 3.63 years.We found 14 patients (16.66%) has urological anomalies,6 boys have posterior urethral valves.2 girls and one boy has vesicoureteral reflux.One boy and one girl has ureterovesical junction obstruction,one boy has hypospadias and 2 girls , ureteropelvic junction obstruction.History of recent bladder catheterization was seen in 5(5.59%), urinary tract infection 17(20.23%) and 14 patients has urological anomalies(16.66%).

CONCLUSION: According to this study ,most common factors causing haematuria was urinary tract infection 17(20.23%) , acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis 16(19.04%) and congenital urological anomalies 14(16.66%).Renal stones were found in 10(11.90%).
LO SOÑADO Y ACONTECIDO: EL SISTEMA COLONIAL ESPAÑOL Y SUS EFECTOS EN ANNUAL
Authors: Azcona Pastor José Manuel , Madueño Álvarez Miguel
Published: November 2021

El Desastre de Annual (1921) es sin duda el hecho más relevante de nuestra historia militar reciente por sus connotaciones castrenses y políticas. A menudo, se ha culpado de la derrota, con acierto, a factores como la ineficacia del sistema estratégico español, la ineptitud de los oficiales superiores o las desfavorables condiciones del terreno. Es necesario añadir que la llegada tardía de España al concierto internacional en el reparto de África, debido a la existencia previa de un imperio de Ultramar, condujo a que nuestro país quedara relegado a las zonas menos fértiles y hostiles del continente; también la posición de España en el orden multinacional de finales del siglo XIX junto al auge de las grandes potencias afectó a la autoestima y a la profesionalidad y eficacia de las tropas. Por consiguiente, el objeto del siguiente artículo es reflexionar y relacionar una serie de hitos que, a nuestro juicio, fueron claves para entender el Desastre de Annual y que aparecieron en las décadas precedentes lanzando preclaros avisos de lo que podía ocurrir.
EL EXPEDIENTE PICASSO: TENSIÓN POLÍTICA, MEDIÁTICA Y SOCIAL
Authors: Caballero Echevarría Fernando
Published: November 2021

El Expediente Picasso fue una investigación ordenada por el ministro de la Guerra para determinar las responsabilidades militares, como consecuencia de los sucesos ocurridos en la Comandancia General de Melilla, entre julio y agosto de 1921.

Las circunstancias que rodearon a la investigación llevaron a desarrollar el proceso aceleradamente, bajo una gran presión política, mediática y social. Las conclusiones, así muy condicionadas, se remitieron al fiscal militar del Consejo Supremo de Guerra y Marina y al Congreso, al objeto de abrir los procesos judiciales, políticos y militares, que la investigación determinase. 

Finalmente, únicamente se expedientó a los cuadros militares, quedando la investigación de responsabilidades políticas inconclusa. Como consecuencia, la institución armada, y en concreto el comandante General de Melilla, general Manuel Fernández Silvestre, quedó para la historia como el único responsable de la tragedia.

Sin embargo, el resultado del análisis del fiscal militar difirió totalmente de las conclusiones recogidas en del Expediente. Posteriormente, nuevas informaciones han permitido revisar con rigurosidad la labor del juez instructor y poner en tela de juicio las conclusiones de su investigación.
FPGA Fast Simulation of Tsunami Wave Propagation
Authors: Лаврентьев М. М. , Лысаков К. Ф. , Марчук А. Г. , Облаухов К. К.
Published: November 2021

В данной статье рассматривается решение задачи быстрой численной оценки высоты волн цунами от гипотетического очага вдоль тихоокеанского побережья полуострова Камчатка и Курильских островов. Мы фокусируемся на очень быстром (практически в режиме поступления данных) численном моделировании распространения волны цунами на основе ПК в соответствии с классическим приближением теории мелкой воды. Существенный прирост производительности достигается за счет использования преимуществ современных компьютерных архитектур, а именно вентильных матриц, программируемых пользователем (Field Programmable Gate Array – FPGA). Разностная схема Мак-Кормака второго порядка аппроксимации для решения системы дифференциальных уравнений мелкой воды [1] реализована на чипе FPGA в составе платы, специально разработанной авторами для решения этой задачи [2, 3].Численные тесты показывают, что для расчета 3600 шагов по времени распространения волны цунами в расчетной области размером приблизительно 2000х2000 км (3120х2400 расчетных узлов) требуется всего несколько секунд для моделирования цунами от модельного источника волны цунами на сетке с пространственным шагом около 900 м. Созданный на базе FPGA спецвычислитель был также протестирован по точности сравнением с аналитическими решениями, полученными Ан. Марчуком [4, 5] для некоторых модельных топографий дна.

The study offers a fast quantitative estimation of tsunami wave heights coming from a hypothetical source along the Pacific coast of the Kamchatka Peninsula and the Kuril Islands. We focus on a very fast (virtually real-time) PC simulation of tsunami wave propagation using the classical approximation of the shallow water theory. Significant performance gains are achieved by taking advantage of modern computer architectures, namely Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The McCormack difference scheme of the second order of approximation for solving the system of shallow water differential equations [1] is implemented with an FPGA chip on a custom PCB designed by the authors [2, 3].Numerical tests indicate that it takes only a few seconds to simulate a tsunami wave from a simulated source on a 900 m spacing grid to analyze 3,600 time increments of propagation of the tsunami wave propagation in about 2000x2000 km area (3,120x2,400 nodes.) The customized FPGA computer was also tested for accuracy by comparing with the analytical solutions obtained by Marchuk [4, 5] for some reference bottom topographies. 
MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA MATERI BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN MEDIA AUDIO VISUAL SMPN 4 MATARAM
Authors: MASANI ANDI
Published: November 2021

This study aims to determine the improvement of student learning outcomes in the class of SMPN 4 Mataram. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the application of the use of audio-visual media can improve students' Inggrisn learning outcomes. Before applying the use of audio-visual media in the first cycle, the average value of the class in the cognitive domain was 67.3, the percentage of completeness was 58.33%. In the second cycle, the students' learning outcomes were the average class at 77.3 with a completeness percentage of 83.33%. In cycle III the learning outcomes of students are the average class in the cognitive domain of 87.5 with a 100% completeness percentage. Based on the results of the research and discussion, as well as the analysis of the data that has been described, it can be concluded that learning the use of audio-visual media can improve learning outcomes of Indonesian class VII SMPN 4 Mataram in the Even Semester of the 2019/2020 Academic Year.

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar peserta didik kelas SMPN 4 Mataram. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris peserta didik. Sebelum diterapkan penggunaan media audio visual pada siklus I nilai rata -rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 67,3 persentase ketuntasan 58,33%. Pada siklus II hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada 77,3 dengan persentase ketuntasan 83,33%. Pada siklus III hasil belajar peserta didik yaitu rata-rata kelas pada ranah kognitif 87,5 dengan persentase ketuntasan 100%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan pembahasan, serta analisis data yang telah diuraikan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pembelajaran penggunaan media audio visual dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Bahasa Inggris kelas VII SMPN 4 Mataram pada Semester Genap Tahun Pelajaran 2019/2020.
Reduced-complexity model for the impact of anthropogenic CO2 emissions on future glacial cycles
Authors: Talento Stefanie , Ganopolski Andrey
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We propose a reduced-complexity process-based model for
the long-term evolution of the global ice volume, atmospheric CO2
concentration, and global mean temperature. The model's only external forcings
are the orbital forcing and anthropogenic CO2 cumulative emissions. The
model consists of a system of three coupled non-linear differential
equations representing physical mechanisms relevant for the evolution of
the climate–ice sheet–carbon cycle system on timescales longer than
thousands of years. Model parameters are calibrated using paleoclimate
reconstructions and the results of two Earth system models of intermediate
complexity. For a range of parameters values, the model is successful in
reproducing the glacial–interglacial cycles of the last 800 kyr, with the
best correlation between modelled and global paleo-ice volume of 0.86. Using
different model realisations, we produce an assessment of possible
trajectories for the next 1 million years under natural and several
fossil-fuel CO2 release scenarios. In the natural scenario, the model
assigns high probability of occurrence of long interglacials in the periods
between the present and 120 kyr after present and between 400 and 500 kyr
after present. The next glacial inception is most likely to occur
∼50 kyr after present with full glacial conditions developing
∼90 kyr after present. The model shows that even already
achieved cumulative CO2 anthropogenic emissions (500 Pg C) are capable
of affecting the climate evolution for up to half a million years, indicating
that the beginning of the next glaciation is highly unlikely in the next 120 kyr. High cumulative anthropogenic CO2 emissions (3000 Pg C or higher),
which could potentially be achieved in the next 2 to 3 centuries if
humanity does not curb the usage of fossil fuels, will most likely provoke
Northern Hemisphere landmass ice-free conditions throughout the next half
a million years, postponing the natural occurrence of the next glacial
inception to 600 kyr after present or later.
TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica: generation and error characterization
Authors: Wessel Birgit , Huber Martin , Wohlfart Christian , Bertram Adina , Osterkamp Nicole , Marschalk Ursula , Gruber Astrid , Reuß Felix , Abdullahi Sahra , Georg Isabel , Roth Achim
Published: November 2021

Abstract. We present the generation and validation of an updated version of the TanDEM-X digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica: the TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m of Antarctica. Improvements compared to the global TanDEM-X DEM version comprise filling gaps with newer bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) acquisitions of the TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X satellites, interpolation of smaller voids, smoothing of noisy areas, and replacement of frozen or open sea areas with geoid undulations. For the latter, a new semi-automatic editing approach allowed for the delineation of the coastline from DEM and amplitude data. Finally, the DEM was transformed into the cartographic Antarctic Polar Stereographic projection with a homogeneous metric spacing in northing and easting of 90 m. As X-band SAR penetrates the snow and ice pack by several meters, a new concept for absolute height adjustment was set up that relies on areas with stable penetration conditions and on ICESat (Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite) elevations. After DEM generation and editing, a sophisticated height error characterization of the whole Antarctic continent with ICESat data was carried out, and a validation over blue ice achieved a mean vertical height error of just −0.3 m ± 2.5 m standard deviation. The filled and edited Antarctic TanDEM-X PolarDEM 90 m is outstanding due to its accuracy, homogeneity, and coverage completeness. It is freely available for scientific purposes and provides a high-resolution data set as basis for polar research, such as ice velocity, mass balance estimation, or orthorectification.
Speech swallowing changes associated with sagittal osteotomy: A report of four subjects
Authors: Bruce Felicia , Hanson Marvin ,   University of Utah
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the study was to determine the immediate and possible long-term effects of a mandibular osteotomy upon speech and tongue thrust (where present). To explore this, four subjects who exhibited a Class Ill malocclusion or skeletal underbite, in addition to a lisp, were evaluated before and after undergoing a sagittal osteotomy. The evaluation consisted of identical speech and tongue thrust assessments completed within two weeks of and nine weeks after the scheduled surgery. Both evaluations were completed by a panel of three speech-language pathologists. The speech evaluation required the subject to read ten /s/ and ten /z/ phoneme sentences taken from the McDonald Deep Test of Articulation. Each subject was judged as either exhibiting or not exhibiting a lisp on each sentence read. The tongue thrust evaluation utilized a quantitative tongue thrust baseline measurement in which the subject's tongue position was ranked during the swallowing of food, liquid, and saliva.
Research in Orofacial Myology
Authors: Nelson Allen
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The purpose of this article is to examine selected issues related to the conduct of research within the profession of orofacial myology. This article is also intended to summarize several of the research issues presented at the 1987 International Association of Orofacial Myology convention in Chicago, Illinois.
Orofacial myology, like many specialties, is primarily a clinical field. Historically there has been a tendency for practitioners to avoid conducting research. An underlying philosophy might suggest that practitioners should provide clinical treatment while research should be conducted within the academic and laboratory settings. After all, those in the academic environment are more likely to be trained in the skills and methods of conducting research. To a large degree this is a valid assumption. However, a case can be made for the practicing therapist also to be involved in research for the following reasons: (a) The therapist has access to the client population. (b) The therapist can improve clinical skills through systematic evaluation of treatment protocols. (c) The therapist is the eventual caregiver.
Determining research priorities for orofacial myology
Authors: Nelson Allen
Published: November 2021

Summary: A survey utilizing one round of open-ended responses followed by a second round of priority ratings was conducted during a 1987 I.A.0.M. conference seminar with 22 participants. The results of the survey were used to rank order 11 identified priorities. Subsequent discus­sion focused on ways in which both individual and collaborative research could be undertaken in the near future.
Orofacial myofunctional therapy: Historical and philosophical considerations
Authors:   University of Utah, Hanson Marvin
Published: November 2021

The collaboration of an orthodontist, speech-language pathologists, and orofacial myologists in the compilation of this special issue of the IJOM is a significant happening. It is symbolic of the recent history of multidisciplinary assessment and treatment of a group of disorders known collectively as "tongue thrust." Such collaborations may be surprising and possibly disappointing to a group of dentists and speech pathologists who met over a decade ago and developed a statement questioning the validity of the concept that the tongue affects the teeth. Despite the subsequent endorsements of that skepticism by three powerful professional organizations (the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, the American Dental Association, and the American Association of Orthodontists) all of which published position papers upholding the "Joint Statement" of that 1974 committee, therapy for what came to be known as abnormal orofacial patterns of behavior persisted in most parts of the country under the rubric "myofunctional therapy."
A major purpose of this publication is to evaluate the legitimacy of the field of myofunctional therapy in light of research before and after 1974. A second purpose is to describe the scope of present evaluative and therapeutic procedures. A third is to make recommen­dations concerning future directions for research and clinical activities.
Nasal airway interference: considerations for evaluation.
Authors:   Duke University Medical Center, Riski John
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Respiration for speech and non-speech activities is an ongoing, adaptive process. The adaptations involved may relate to anatomical factors in the respiratory tree, or physiological demands in the environment. When the nasal cavity is not adequately patent, adjustments in oral and pharyngeal posture must take place in order to allow respiration to proceed effectively. In some instances resting oral postures may be influenced and habit response patterns may be developed. These adjustments of oral posture are the broad subject of this journal special issue. More specific to the article, the discussion is of those factors which influence nasal patency and the techniques available for measuring the degree of nasal patency. [excerpt]
Cosmetic aspects of orofacial myofunctional therapy
Authors:   Arizona State University, Case James
Published: November 2021

Introduction: In maxillofacial, craniofacial, plastic and reconstructive surgeries as well as in general orthodontic treatment, one of the principal concerns for patient management is facial esthetic or cosmetic satisfaction. This is manifested by the numerous articles and manuscripts devoted to the topic of cosmesis. Thousands of dollars are paid yearly to practitioners in these and similar disciplines by patients who want a better chin line, less protrusion in the maxillary region, a smaller or less dynamic nose, the elimination of a diastema between the central incisors, fewer wrinkles and numerous additional cosmetic concerns. These professionals generally acknowledge that the need for treatment of many orofacial anomalies may be based on factors other than impairment of physiological functions or the potential loss of function -- namely, cosmetic concern (Tedesco, et al. 1983; Tobiasen, 1987; Kapp-Simon, 1986). The orofacial myologist must share this concern for improvement of cosmesis and seek and use techniques to augment the cosmetic goals of related professionals.
Orofacial myofunctional disorders: Guidelines for assessment and treatment
Authors:   University of Utah, Hanson Marvin
Published: November 2021

Summary: The approach to assessment and treatment advocated in this article stresses individualization and completeness. The field of orofacial myology provides many oppor­tunities for budding clinicians to latch onto a particular program of treatment and apply it wholesale to patients of all types and ages. The temptation to do so should be resisted vigorously. The purpose of all procedures should be to help the patient eliminate postural or move­ment patterns that create undesirable pressures against teeth or unfortunate cosmetic results. Since tongue and lip-resting postures have the greatest potential of all patterns for interfering with proper dental development and orthodontic treatment, they should receive early and pervasive attention during treatment. Conceptually, therapy may be divided into three phases: Learning new patterns, incorporating those patterns into everyday activities until they become automatic, and maintaining them. Patients should be seen for rechecks for at least two years, or until all orthodontic work is completed. Treatment for orofacial myofunctional disorders is most successful, when the clinician, child, parents and dental specialist work in close cooperation.
Treatment for the young child
Authors:   Lakeshore-Huntsville Rehabilitation Center, Pierce Roberta
Published: November 2021

Summary: The large majority of patients referred to orofacial myologists have been, and will continue to be, in the 10 to 15 year age range, primarily because this is the age when most individuals begin orthodontic treatment. As more pedodontists and general dentists have become aware of developing malocclusions, and the possible detrimental effects of tongue and lip-resting posture and tongue thrust swallowing, there has been an increase in the number of young children referred from a preventive point of view. Guidelines have been provided to enable the orofacial myologist to function as a member of a team in determining the best course of treatment for each child. There are certainly instances in whichmedical management, surgical intervention or orthodontic treatment are indicated. These recommendations should be made by the dental specialist, perhaps in consultation with the orofacial myologist. There are other instances in which therapy for tongue thrust or rest-posture therapy are indicated. With the young child, we can afford to take the more conservative approach - rest posture therapy - because there is sufficient time later to do additional therapy if needed. The overall goal is to create as normal an oral environment as possible so as to facilitate normal growth and development. Correcting the resting posture of the tongue and lips also improves the cosmetic appearance and enhances the opportunity for good occlusion.
Motivational considerations in orofacial myofunctional therapy
Authors: Zimmerman Joseph
Published: November 2021

Conclusions: The variety of motivational approaches available to the orofacial myologist and speech pathologist is multifaceted. Motivational concepts are modified by clinical experiences and the continuing education that follows initial formal education. Since motivation is a constantly changing phenomenon, the approaches to motivation must also undergo change or risk stagnation and lose effectiveness. It is my hope that the concepts presented in this article will help the clinician develop and maintain the high level of patient motivation needed to effect and maintain successful behavior change.