bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Suicide prevention program (SPP) in South Asian Countries: A protocol for systematic review
Authors: Borah Kallabi , Jose Tessy Treesa , Mysore Nagaraj Anil Kumar , Moxham Lorna
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Every year, over 703,000 individuals lose their life by suicide and many individuals attempt suicide. Suicide occurs in all age groups and is the fourth major cause of death among 15–29-year-olds globally in 2019. A suicide prevention program (SPP) is a capacity-building program that helps gatekeepers to identify the risk of suicide. The objective of the review is to determine the effectiveness of SPP on the improvement of knowledge, attitude, and gatekeeper behaviour among gatekeepers in South Asian countries.

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) format will be followed in this review. This review will include all interventional studies that provided a suicide prevention program to the gatekeepers as an intervention. The full-text articles will be included from the following databases, Scopus, PubMed (MEDLINE), Cochrane, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and CINAHL, published in peer-reviewed, indexed, and English language journals from the date of inception to 2022. A grey literature search and hand-search of reference lists of the included studies will also be done. A search strategy will be developed using keywords and MeSH terms for each database. Cochrane ROB-2 tool, JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist, Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP), and Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) will be used to evaluate the quality of individual studies. Analysis of the data will be done using narrative synthesis.

Conclusions: This review will provide information on knowledge, attitude, and gatekeeper behaviour toward suicide prevention in college students and will be helpful for the prevention of suicide. Therefore, the authors plan to publish the review outcome through a peer-reviewed journal.

Registration: The review is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023387020).
Reliability of ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength, rate of force development, and tibialis anterior electromyography after stroke
Authors: Olsen Sharon , Taylor Denise , Niazi Imran Khan , Mawston Grant , Rashid Usman , Alder Gemma , Stavric Verna , Nedergaard Rasmus Bach , Signal Nada
Published: April 2023

Background: Measures of hemiparetic ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength and rate of force development (RFD) are often used to determine the efficacy of rehabilitation interventions after stroke. However, evidence supporting the reliability of these measures is limited. This brief report provides a secondary analysis investigating the between-session reliability of isometric ankle dorsiflexor muscle strength, rate of force development (RFD), and tibialis anterior electromyography (TA EMG), in people with chronic stroke.

Method: Participants (n=15) completed three maximal isometric contractions of the ankle dorsiflexor muscles as fast as possible using a rigid dynamometer. Tests were repeated seven days later. Outcomes included ankle dorsiflexor isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), RFD in the first 200ms (RFD200ms), time to reach 90% MVC, and peak TA EMG. Data were analysed for 13 participants using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICC) and standard error of the measure (SEM).

Results: When the mean of three trials was analysed, there was excellent reliability for isometric dorsiflexor MVC (ICC 0.97 [95% CI 0.92-0.99]), moderate reliability for TA EMG (ICC 0.86 [0.60-0.96]) and time to reach 90% MVC (ICC 0.8 [0.53-0.93]) and poor reliability for dorsiflexor RFD200ms (ICC 0.79 [0.48-0.92]).

Conclusion: Given the functional significance of the ankle dorsiflexors, future research should investigate more reliable methods for measuring rapid force production in the dorsiflexor muscles after stroke.
A mise-en-scène da repetição em Mouchette (1967):uma leitura a partir de Notas sobre o cinematógrafo
Authors: Adamatti Margarida Maria , Uchôa Fábio Raddi
Published: April 2023

Este artigo busca definir a teoria de Bresson sobre a atuação, examinando Mouchette. O livro Notas sobre o cinematógrafo traz uma formulação de conceitos sobre o ator que, quando transposta a Mouchette se entrelaça a uma mise-en-scène da repetição, fundada na encenação de gestos-adereços, nos enquadramentos em plongée, na montagem e no som.
Lygia Clark (1920-1988) 100 anos - resenha de uma exposição
Authors: Sousa Cristina de Jesus , De Oliveira Maria Liz Cunha
Published: April 2023

Resumo: A resenha analisa a exposição Lygia Clark 100 anos que aconteceu no Rio de Janeiro, tendo sido curador Max Perlingeiro, que apresentou as várias fases do processo criativo da artista em uma seleção de 100 obras. Palavras-chave: Lygia Clark; exposição; artista; curadoria Lygia Clark (1920-1988) 100 years - review of an exhibition Abstract: The review analyzes the exhibition Lygia Clark 100 years that took place in Rio de Janeiro, having been curator Max Perlingeiro, who presented the various phases of the creative process of the artist in a selection of 100 works. Keywords: Lygia Clark; exhibition; artist; curadorship.
A palliative nursing strategy to enhance communication and support for patients and families in intensive care units
Authors: O'Kane Marie , Gormley Kevin , Isaac Jolly
Published: April 2023

Aim:

There have been significant advancements in palliative nursing in health services, but less so in intensive care units (ICUs). The purpose of this literature review was to examine palliative nursing care in ICUs and consider how a nursing strategy could improve communication and support for patients and their families.

Method:

An exploratory literature review was conducted to evaluate and compare ICU care strategies with palliative support. The search was conducted using CINAHL Plus and Medline All databases and was limited to a 6-year period. Eight publications were selected for review and a full text review was undertaken using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme systematic review checklist.

Results:

Two themes emerged around the use of palliative nursing strategies. These were: improving communication between health professionals and patients; and providing support for patients and families.

Conclusions:

Palliative nursing has the potential to improve the quality of communication in ICU settings and support for patients and families. Further training and preparation of nurses in palliative care would improve the patient and family experience during a critical and emotional period of health service provision.
Reescrituras del Cancionero popular infantil desde la perspectiva de género: contribución de Once damas atrevidas y Teresa la princesa a la educación literaria
Authors: Ortiz Ballesteros Antonia María , Gómez Rubio Gema
Published: April 2023

Este trabajo analiza el proceso de reescritura y recodificación por el que dos canciones populares de tradición infantil han sido recientemente transformadas en sendos álbumes ilustrados líricos que se presentan como un recurso privilegiado a la hora de desarrollar tanto la educación literaria de los jóvenes lectores como su sentido crítico ante representaciones estereotipadas del género. El objetivo es que ambas obras sirvan como ejemplo de  la vigencia que el Cancionero popular infantil sigue teniendo en nuestros días, así como de las posibilidades didácticas que ofrecen las reescrituras de la tradición oral para desarrollar una educación literaria basada en el dialogismo, la creatividad y el pensamiento crítico.
Art enticements in cultural waterfronts: their perimuseal span in the Bilbao estuary beyond the Guggenheim
Authors: Lorente Jesús Pedro , Juan García Natalia
Published: April 2023

The opening of the Guggenheim Museum Bilbao in 1997 intensified a discernible presence of monuments, museums, galleries and other establishments in its surroundings by defining a cultural district. In this gentrified neighbourhood, there are still a few artists-run spaces left, while ever more studios of architects and designers are spreading by the riverside, where the domino effect seemingly results in a musealisation of public art as civic heritage and a tourist attraction.
Grinding of silicon carbide for optical surface fabrication. Part II. Subsurface damage
Authors: Shanmugam Prithiviraj , Lambropoulos John C. , Davies Matthew A.
Published: April 2023

This paper is the second part of a study of the grinding of three
different grades of silicon carbide (SiC) under the same conditions.
In this paper, subsurface damage is analyzed using magnetorheological
finishing (MRF). The MRF ribbon is brought into contact with the
surface and allowed to dwell for different lengths of time to produce
dimples or spots at different depths. The roughness parameters are
evaluated at the base of the spots. As the spot depth increases the
roughness parameters decrease, eventually saturating at a steady-state
value. The depth at which saturation occurs is much greater than the
initial peak-to-value roughness of the surface and is therefore
assumed to be correlated to the depth of subsurface damage in the
material. Estimates of the damage depth are comparable to other
estimates given in the literature. The validity of this technique is
assessed across different grades of SiC under different grinding
conditions, and limitations are identified. The study shows that the
microstructure of the SiC grade is a major factor that affects the
validity of the technique. The technique is suitable for SiC grades
that have a more homogeneous microstructure such as chemical vapor
deposited or chemical vapor composite grades. The presence of porosity
as in the direct sintered grade, or the presence of a secondary phase,
for example, silicon in the reaction-bonded and silicon-infiltrated
grades, could hinder the technique from providing
conclusive results.
Freeform mirror array design for concentrating sunlight onto a CPV solar cell
Authors: Zhu Zhengbo , Yang Le , Ma Donglin
Published: April 2023

In a concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) system, realizing an illumination spot consistent with the photosensitive area of the CPV cell while maintaining high optical performances is a challenging but rewarding issue. For instance, uniform irradiance distribution not only reduces the risk of damage to CPV cells due to the local heat accumulation, but also improves photoelectric conversion efficiency; free chromatic aberration ensures that a wide solar spectrum can be regulated; a high concentration ratio helps reduce the usage of CPV cells, and so on. Here, we propose a method to design a freeform mirror array to concentrate sunlight and generate a square light pattern with uniform irradiance distribution on the photovoltaic cell. Each freeform mirror can produce a uniform illumination pattern on the CPV cell. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method with several design examples, and a series of factors affecting the optical performance is also analyzed.
Hybrid SWM-IR narrow bandpass filters with high optical density
Authors: He Xin , Shen Xiaoming , Beckett Paul , Xiao Duo , Liu Xu , Yin Rui
Published: April 2023

Narrow bandpass filters (NBFs), which are designed to accept a narrow wavelength range and simultaneously reject a much wider range, show great potential in applications such as spectral imaging, lidar detection, fluorescence microscopy, and others. In this paper, we propose and numerically simulate NBF technology for infrared (IR) optical applications. The filter is a combination of plasmonic nanostructures and improved induced transmission layers. The operating wavelength range is from 1360 to 5000 nm [short wave mid-infrared radiation(SWM-IR)], with a FWHM of less than 10 nm and maximum optical density of around 10. Therefore, our SWM-IR hybrid filter can distinguish much smaller differences in terms of spectrum information and reduce the background noise level even if using an optical amplifier.
Native defect clustering-induced carrier localization centers leading to a reduction of performance in Ga0.70In0.30N/GaN quantum wells
Authors: Han Dong-Pyo , Kim Jiwon , Shin Dong-Soo , Shim Jong-In
Published: April 2023

In this study, we aimed to better understand the mechanism for creating carrier localization centers (CLCs) in Ga0.70In0.30N/GaN quantum wells (QWs) and examine their impacts on device performance. Particularly, we focused on the incorporation of native defects into the QWs as a main cause of the mechanism behind the CLC creation. For this purpose, we prepared two GaInN-based LED samples with and without pre-trimethylindium (TMIn) flow-treated QWs. Here, the QWs were subjected to a pre-TMIn flow treatment to control the incorporation of defects/impurities in the QWs. In an effort to investigate how the pre-TMIn flow treatment affects the incorporation of native defects into the QWs, we employed steady-state photo-capacitance and photo-assisted capacitance-voltage measurements, and acquired high-resolution micro-charge-coupled device images. The experimental results showed that CLC creation in the QWs during growth is closely related to the native defects, most likely VN-related defects/complexes, since they have a strong affinity to In atoms and the nature of clustering. Moreover, the CLC creation is fatal to the performance of the yellow-red QWs since they simultaneously increase the non-radiative recombination rate, decrease the radiative recombination rate, and increase operating voltage—unlike blue QWs.
Unifying temporal phase unwrapping framework using deep learning
Authors: Guo Xinming , Li Yixuan , Qian Jiaming , Che Yuxuan , Zuo Chao , Chen Qian , Lam Edmund Y. , Wang Huai , Feng Shijie
Published: April 2023

Temporal phase unwrapping (TPU) is significant for recovering an unambiguous phase of discontinuous surfaces or spatially isolated objects in fringe projection profilometry. Generally, temporal phase unwrapping algorithms can be classified into three groups: the multi-frequency (hierarchical) approach, the multi-wavelength (heterodyne) approach, and the number-theoretic approach. For all of them, extra fringe patterns of different spatial frequencies are required for retrieving the absolute phase. Due to the influence of image noise, people have to use many auxiliary patterns for high-accuracy phase unwrapping. Consequently, image noise limits the efficiency and the measurement speed greatly. Further, these three groups of TPU algorithms have their own theories and are usually applied in different ways. In this work, for the first time to our knowledge, we show that a generalized framework using deep learning can be developed to perform the TPU task for different groups of TPU algorithms. Experimental results show that benefiting from the assistance of deep learning the proposed framework can mitigate the impact of noise effectively and enhance the phase unwrapping reliability significantly without increasing the number of auxiliary patterns for different TPU approaches. We believe that the proposed method demonstrates great potential for developing powerful and reliable phase retrieval techniques.
High-accuracy differential autofocus system with an electrically tunable lens
Authors: Du Kuangwei , Zhou Dakai , Zhou Sijia , Zhang Jinfeng , Liu Qingqing , Bai Xuejian , Liu Qiulan , Chen Youhua , Liu Wenjie , Kuang Cuifang
Published: April 2023

We propose a quasi-confocal microscopy autofocus system incorporating an electrically tunable lens (ETL) to achieve differential detection. The ETL changes its focal length to collect differential curves at speeds <300 Hz, allowing selective locking onto desired focal layers and high-speed differential operations close to the locked focal plane. By segmenting the system’s pupil, the interference between the outgoing and incoming near-infrared beams is avoided, thereby greatly improving the signal-to-noise ratio. This ultra-sensitive system, with a focus drift accuracy better than 1/22 focal depth (∼20 nm @100× objective), provides a new, to the best of our knowledge, implementation pathway to meet the requirements of various microscopy techniques.
Lateral scanning Raman scattering lidar for accurate measurement of atmospheric temperature and water vapor from ground to height of interest
Authors: Yang Fan , Gao Fei , Zhang Chengan , Li Xiaoli , Gao Xiong , Hua Dengxin , Wang Li , Xin Wenhui , Stanič Samo
Published: April 2023

A novel lateral scanning Raman scattering lidar (LSRSL) system is proposed, aiming to realize the accurate measurement of atmospheric temperature and water vapor from the ground to a height of interest and to overcome the effect of a geometrical overlap function of backward Raman scattering lidar. A configuration of the bistatic lidar is employed in the design of the LSRSL system, in which four horizontally aligned telescopes mounted on a steerable frame to construct the lateral receiving system are spatially separated to look at a vertical laser beam at a certain distance. Each telescope, combined with a narrowband interference filter, is utilized to detect the lateral scattering signals of the low- and high-quantum-number transitions of the pure rotational Raman scattering spectra and vibrational Raman scattering spectra of N2 and H2O. The profiling of lidar returns in the LSRSL system is performed by the elevation angle scanning of the lateral receiving system, in which the intensities of the lateral Raman scattering signals at each setting of elevation angles are sampled and analyzed. Preliminary experiments are carried out after the construction of a LSRSL system in Xi’an city, whose retrieval results and statistical error analyses present a good performance in the detection of atmospheric temperature and water vapor from the ground to a height of 1.11 km and show the feasibility for combination with backward Raman scattering lidar in atmospheric measurement.
Ultrafast measurement of vector spatial modes by using two-dimensional linear optical sampling
Authors: Okamura Shuki , Osawa Kyogo , Zhang Chao , Ito Fumihiko , Nakamura Atsushi , Koshikiya Yusuke
Published: April 2023

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, we present the first-ever demonstration of the two-dimensional linear optical sampling of fiber spatial modes. The images of the fiber cross sections excited by the LP01 or LP11 modes are directly projected onto a two-dimensional photodetector array and coherently sampled by local pulses with a uniform spatial distribution. Consequently, the spatiotemporal complex amplitude of the fiber mode is observed with a time resolution of a few picoseconds by using electronics with a bandwidth of only a few MHz. Such ultrafast and direct observation of vector spatial modes enables the characterization of the space-division multiplexing fiber itself with high time accuracy and wide bandwidth.
Modular chip-integrated photonic control of artificial atoms in diamond waveguides
Authors: Palm Kevin J. , Dong Mark , Golter D. Andrew , Clark Genevieve , Zimmermann Matthew , Chen Kevin C. , Li Linsen , Menssen Adrian , Leenheer Andrew J. , Dominguez Daniel , Gilbert Gerald , Eichenfield Matt , Englund Dirk
Published: April 2023

A central goal in creating long-distance quantum networks and
distributed quantum computing is the development of interconnected and
individually controlled qubit nodes. Atom-like emitters in diamond
have emerged as a leading system for optically networked quantum
memories, motivating the development of visible-spectrum,
multi-channel photonic integrated circuit (PIC) systems for scalable
atom control. However, it has remained an open challenge to realize
optical programmability with a qubit layer that can achieve high
optical detection probability over many optical channels. Here, we
address this problem by introducing a modular architecture of
piezoelectrically actuated atom-control PICs (APICs) and artificial
atoms embedded in diamond nanostructures designed for high-efficiency
free-space collection. The high-speed four-channel APIC is based on a
splitting tree mesh with triple-phase shifter Mach–Zehnder
interferometers. This design simultaneously achieves optically
broadband operation at visible wavelengths, high-fidelity switching (>40dB) at low voltages, submicrosecond
modulation timescales (>30MHz), and minimal channel-to-channel
crosstalk for repeatable optical pulse carving. Via a reconfigurable
free-space interconnect, we use the APIC to address single silicon
vacancy color centers in individual diamond waveguides with inverse
tapered couplers, achieving efficient single photon detection
probabilities (∼15%) and second-order autocorrelation
measurements g(2)(0)<0.14 for all channels. The modularity of
this distributed APIC–quantum memory system simplifies the quantum
control problem, potentially enabling further scaling to thousands of
channels.
Radiation control by defects in dark-state resonant photonic lattices
Authors: Magnusson Robert , Ko Yeong
Published: April 2023

In this Letter, we present and explain novel radiation properties enabled by defects in resonant photonic lattices (PL). Incorporating a defect breaks the lattice symmetry and generates radiation through stimulation of leaky waveguide modes near the non-radiant bound (or dark) state spectral location. Analyzing a simple one-dimensional (1D) subwavelength mem-brane structure, we show that the defects produce local resonant modes that correspond to asymmetric guided-mode resonances (aGMRs) in spectra and near-field profiles. Without a defect, a symmetric lattice in the dark state is neutral, generating only back-ground scattering. Incorporating a defect in the PL induces high reflection or transmission by robust local resonance radiation depending on the background radiation state at the bound state in the continuum (BIC) wavelengths. With the example lattice under normal incidence, we demonstrate defect-induced high reflection as well as high transmission. The methods and results reported here have significant potential to enable new modalities of radiation control in metamaterials and metasurfaces based on defects.
A scoping review of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and intersex (LGBTQI+) people’s health in India
Authors: Chakrapani Venkatesan , Newman Peter A. , Shunmugam Murali , Rawat Shruta , Mohan Biji R. , Baruah Dicky , Tepjan Suchon
Published: April 2023

Amid incremental progress in establishing an enabling legal and policy environment for lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer-identified people, and people with intersex variations (LGBTQI+) in India, evidence gaps on LGBTQI+ health are of increasing concern. To that end, we conducted a scoping review to map and synthesize the current evidence base, identify research gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. We conducted a scoping review using the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. We systematically searched 14 databases to identify peer-reviewed journal articles published in English language between January 1, 2010 and November 20, 2021, that reported empirical qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods data on LGBTQI+ people’s health in India. Out of 3,003 results in total, we identified 177 eligible articles; 62% used quantitative, 31% qualitative, and 7% mixed methods. The majority (55%) focused on gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM), 16% transgender women, and 14% both of these populations; 4% focused on lesbian and bisexual women, and 2% on transmasculine people. Overall, studies reported high prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections; multilevel risk factors for HIV; high levels of mental health burden linked to stigma, discrimination, and violence victimization; and non-availability of gender-affirmative medical care in government hospitals. Few longitudinal studies and intervention studies were identified. Findings suggest that LGBTQI+ health research in India needs to move beyond the predominant focus on HIV, and gay men/MSM and transgender women, to include mental health and non-communicable diseases, and individuals across the LGBTQI+ spectrum. Future research should build on largely descriptive studies to include explanatory and intervention studies, beyond urban to rural sites, and examine healthcare and service needs among LGBTQI+ people across the life course. Increased Indian government funding for LGBTQI+ health research, including dedicated support and training for early career researchers, is crucial to building a comprehensive and sustainable evidence base to inform targeted health policies and programs moving forward.
Clinical characterization and placental pathology of mpox infection in hospitalized patients in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Authors: Pittman Phillip R. , Martin James W. , Kingebeni Placide Mbala , Tamfum Jean-Jacques Muyembe , Mwema Gaston , Wan Qingwen , Ewala Pierre , Alonga Jules , Bilulu Guy , Reynolds Mary G. , Quinn Xiaofei , Norris Sarah , Townsend Michael B. , Satheshkumar Panayampalli S. , Wadding James , Soltis Bryony , Honko Anna , Güereña Fernando B. , Korman Lawrence , Patterson Kerry , Schwartz David A. , Huggins John W. ,   on behalf of The Kole Human Mpox Infection Study Group
Published: April 2023

We describe the results of a prospective observational study of the clinical natural history of human monkeypox (mpox) virus (MPXV) infections at the remote L’Hopital General de Reference de Kole (Kole hospital), the rainforest of the Congo River basin of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) from March 2007 until August 2011. The research was conducted jointly by the Institute National de Recherche Biomedical (INRB) and the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID). The Kole hospital was one of the two previous WHO Mpox study sites (1981–1986). The hospital is staffed by a Spanish Order of Catholic Nuns from La Congregation Des Soeurs Missionnaires Du Christ Jesus including two Spanish physicians, who were members of the Order as well, were part of the WHO study on human mpox. Of 244 patients admitted with a clinical diagnosis of MPXV infection, 216 were positive in both the Pan-Orthopox and MPXV specific PCR. The cardinal observations of these 216 patients are summarized in this report. There were three deaths (3/216) among these hospitalized patients; fetal death occurred in 3 of 4 patients who were pregnant at admission, with the placenta of one fetus demonstrating prominent MPXV infection of the chorionic villi. The most common complaints were rash (96.8%), malaise (85.2%), sore throat (78.2%), and lymphadenopathy/adenopathy (57.4%). The most common physical exam findings were mpox rash (99.5%) and lymphadenopathy (98.6%). The single patient without the classic mpox rash had been previously vaccinated against smallpox. Age group of less than 5 years had the highest lesion count. Primary household cases tended to have higher lesion counts than secondary or later same household cases. Of the 216 patients, 200 were tested for IgM & IgG antibodies (Abs) to Orthopoxviruses. All 200 patients had anti-orthopoxvirus IgG Abs; whereas 189/200 were positive for IgM. Patients with hypoalbuminemia had a high risk of severe disease. Patients with fatal disease had higher maximum geometric mean values than survivors for the following variables, respectively: viral DNA in blood (DNAemia); maximum lesion count; day of admission mean AST and ALT.
Human monkeypox infection threat: A comprehensive overview
Authors: Kang Yue , Yu Yue , Xu Silu
Published: April 2023

Background

In addition to the COVID-19 waves, the globe is recently facing global monkeypox (MPX) outbreak. As the daily confirmed cases of MPX infection across epidemic and nonepidemic countries are increasing, taking measures to control global pandemic remains crucial. Therefore, this review aimed to provide fundamental knowledge for the prevention and control of future outbreaks of this emerging epidemic.

Methods

The review was conducted using PubMed and Google Scholar databases; the search terms used were “monkeypox,” “MPX tropism,” “replication signaling of MPX,” “biology and pathogenicity of MPX,” “diagnosis of MPX,” “treatment of MPX,” “prevention of MPX,” etc. The update epidemic data were collected from the websites of the World Health Organization (WHO), United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and Africa Center for Disease Control and Prevention (ADCC). High-quality research results published in authoritative journals were summarized and preferred cited. Excluding all duplicates, non-English published references, and irrelevant literature, totally 1,436 articles were assessed for eligibility.

Results

It is still difficult to diagnose the patient as MPX simply based on clinical manifestations; therefore, under this situation, employing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology to provide confirmed evidence for the diagnosis of MPX seems to be the preferred and indispensable strategy. The treatment approach for MPX infection is mainly symptomatic and supportive; anti-smallpox virus drugs including tecovirimat, cidofovir, and brincidofovir can be employed in severe cases. Timely identification and isolation of confirmed cases, cutting off dissemination routes, and vaccination of close contacts are effective measures to control MPX. Also, smallpox vaccines (JYNNEOS, LC16m8, and ACAM2000) can be under consideration due to their immunological cross-protection among Orthopoxvirus. Nevertheless, given the low quality and scarcity of relevant evidence of current antiviral drugs and vaccines, deeply seeking for the MAPK/ERK, PAK-1, PI3K/Akt signaling, and other pathways involved in MPX invasion may provide potential targets for the treatment, prevention, and control of the epidemic.

Conclusions

In response to the current MPX epidemic, the development of vaccines and antiviral drugs against MPX, as well as the rapid and precise diagnostic methods are still urgently needed. Sound monitoring and detection systems should be established to limit the rapid spread of MPX worldwide.
Mental health of pregnant women during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in France: Evolution of self-perceived psychological state during the first lockdown, and anxiety frequency two months after the lockdown ended
Authors: Doncarli Alexandra , Araujo-Chaveron Lucia , Crenn-Hebert Catherine , Vacheron Marie-Noëlle , Léon Christophe , Khireddine Imane , Chin Francis , Benachi Alexandra , Tebeka Sarah , Regnault Nolwenn
Published: April 2023

Previous pandemics and related lockdowns have had a deleterious impact on pregnant women’s mental health. We studied the impact of the SARS-CoV-2/Covid-19 pandemic and France’s first lockdown on pregnant women’s mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted in July 2020 using a web-questionnaire completed by 500 adult women who were pregnant during the first lockdown in France (March-May 2020). Questions focused on their self-perceived psychological state and affects they felt before and during the lockdown and anxiety symptomatology (HAD) two months after it ended. A robust variance Poisson regression model was used to estimate adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for anxiety and self-perceived psychological state evolution. One in five respondents (21.1%) reported psychological deterioration during lockdown. Associated determinants were: i) little or no social support (self-perceived) (aRP = 1.77, 95%CI[1.18–2.66]), ii) increased workload (1.65, [1.02–2.66]), and iii) poor/moderate knowledge about SARS-CoV-2 transmission (1.60, [1.09–2.35]). Seven percent of women reporting psychological deterioration had access to professional psychological support during lockdown, while 19% did not despite wanting it. Women reported heightened powerlessness (60.3%), frustration (64%) and fear (59.2%) during lockdown. One in seven respondents (14.2%, 95%CI[10.9–18.2]) had anxiety symptoms. Determinants associated: i) at least one pregnancy-related pathology (aPR = 1.82, 95%CI[1.15–2.88]), ii) overweightness or obesity (1.61, [1.07–2.43]), iii) one child under the age of six years in the household during the lockdown (3.26, [1.24–8.53]), iv) little or no social support (self-perceived) during the lockdown (1.66, [1.07–2.58]), v) friend or relatives diagnosed with Covid-19 or with symptoms of the disease (1.66; [1.06–2.60]), vi) no access to medication for psychological distress (2.86, [1.74–4.71]), and vii) unsuccessfully seeking exchanges with healthcare professionals about their pregnancy during the pandemic (1.66, [1.08–2.55]). Our results can guide prevention and support policies for pregnant women during pandemics, current or future, with or without lockdowns. Preventing perinatal mental health problems is essential to ensure a supportive environment for the child’s development.
The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning methods in early pregnancy pre-eclampsia screening: A systematic review protocol
Authors: Hedley Paula L. , Hagen Christian M. , Wilstrup Casper , Christiansen Michael
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low-dose aspirin can prevent PE in high risk pregnancies if started early. However, despite intense research into the area, early pregnancy screening for PE risk is still not a routine part of pregnancy care. Several studies have described the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in risk prediction of PE and its subtypes. A systematic review of available literature is necessary to catalogue the current applications of AI/ML methods in early pregnancy screening for PE, in order to better inform the development of clinically relevant risk prediction algorithms which will enable timely intervention and the development of new treatment strategies. The aim of this systematic review is to identify and assess studies regarding the application of AI/ML methods in early pregnancy screening for PE.

Methods

A systematic review of peer-reviewed as well as the pre-published cohort, case-control, or cross-sectional studies will be conducted. Relevant information will be accessed from the following databases; PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Arxiv, BioRxiv, and MedRxiv. The studies will be evaluated by two reviewers in a parallel, blind assessment of the literature, a third reviewer will assess any studies in which the first two reviewers did not agree. The free online tool Rayyan, will be used in this literature assessment stage. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 checklist will be used to guide the review process and the methods of the studies will be assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Narrative synthesis will be conducted for all included studies. Meta-analysis will also be conducted where data quality and availability allow.

Ethics and dissemination

The review will not require ethical approval and the findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal using the PRISMA guidelines.

Trial registration

Trial registration: The protocol for this systematic review has been registered in PROSPERO [CRD42022345786]. https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022345786.
‘Climate change concerns human survival…and justice in our international community’: A corpus-based positive discourse analysis (PDA) of the largest developing nation’s global involve/engagement discourses (re)told in interpreting
Authors: Gu Chonglong
Published: April 2023

Contributing to a much-needed ‘outward turn’ in interpreting studies, this intervention examines the role of interpreting and interpreters in (re)articulating the welcome ‘voice’ of a developing nation in the global South. Against the backdrop of reform and opening-up (ROU), China, the world’s largest developing country, is increasingly open and keen to engage globally. Such elements as openness, integration, and international engagement represent vital components of the overarching ROU metadiscourse that justifies China’s sociopolitical system and multifarious policies and decisions. As part of a series of digital humanities (DH) informed empirical studies exploring the part played by interpreting in rendering China’s ROU metadiscourse, this study zooms in on the government interpreters’ mediation of Beijing’s international engagement and global involvement discourses. Unlike CDA which often foregrounds the negative themes (e.g. injustice, oppression, dominance, and hegemony), an innovative corpus-based positive discourse analysis (PDA) is introduced and applied, drawing on 20 years of China’s press conferences. This article points to the interpreters’ visibility and agency in facilitating and strengthening China’s discourse through (over)producing core lexical items and salient collocational patterns. Following the trends of interdisciplinarity and digital humanities, this corpus-based PDA study illustrates ultimately how a major non-Western developing country from the global South communicates its discourse bilingually in front of the international community. The potential impact and implications of the interpreter-in(tro)duced discursive changes are discussed vis-à-vis the ever shifting and delicate East-West power balance from the perspective of (geo)politics
Evaluating translocation success of wild eastern hellbenders (Cryptobranchus alleganiensis alleganiensis) in Blue Ridge Ecoregion streams using pre- and post-translocation home range sizes and movement metrics
Authors: Nissen Bradley D. , Freake Michael J. , Nolan Emilly , Hardman Rebecca H. , Sutton William B.
Published: April 2023

Translocations of freshwater species have become a widespread conservation strategy to mitigate the impacts of habitat fragmentation, yet they are not often rigorously monitored using animal movement data to determine their success. We demonstrate the value of monitoring pre- and post-translocation movements and home-range sizes of a fully-aquatic, benthic stream salamander, the eastern hellbender (Cryptobranchus a. alleganiensis) to determine translocation success. We studied the home range sizes, movements, and habitat use of individuals (n = 27) in two self-sustaining populations (S1 & S2) for one year, and then subsequently collected similar data from a subset of these individuals (n = 17) that were translocated into two nearby streams (T1 & T2) with dam-isolated, declining populations in the Blue Ridge Ecoregion of Tennessee. We collected 1,571 location data points (869 pre-translocation and 715 post-translocation) from four study sites, and evaluated effects of mass, sex, and pre-translocation home range size/sedentariness, as well as habitat covariates on home range size and movements. Hellbender home range sizes increased from pre-translocation estimates at both sites, but response depended primarily on physical characteristics of release sites. Home range and fine-scale movement metrics indicated that hellbenders translocated from S1 to T1 settled in more quickly, had greater site fidelity, and smaller home ranges than hellbenders translocated from S2 to T2. Hellbender movements were influenced by cover rock size and density rather than individual characteristics. Study-long survival rates of translocated hellbenders increased from S1 to T1 (80% to 100%) and decreased from S2 to T2 (76% to 33%). Monitoring pre- and post-translocation movements was a valuable method for evaluating short-term translocation success in a freshwater environment. For future hellbender translocations, managers should prioritize selecting suitable release sites with contiguous boulder-dense areas (1–2 per m2), adequate prey (crayfish) densities (>1/m2), and habitats with low risk of predation.
Comparison of active tuberculosis case finding strategies for immigrants in South Korea: Epidemiology and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Park Sangwook , Sung Chaegyu , Choi Hangseok , Lee Yeo Wool , Kang Yedham , Kim Hee-Jin , Kim Hae-Young , Oh In-Hwan , Lee Seung Heon
Published: April 2023

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the serious infectious diseases in South Korea, with 49 new cases per 100,000 people and 629 multi-drug resistant (MDR) cases reported in 2020. TB is increasing among immigrants in S. Korea, and various TB case finding strategies are being performed for screening. We compared active case finding (ACF) with passive case finding (semi-PCF) across epidemiological characteristics and investigated a cost-effective strategy for screening immigrants for TB.

Methods

ACF driven by non-governmental organizations and semi-PCF as part of the government’s visa renewal process using CXR with additional acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear and cultures were performed. Epidemiological parameters were compared between the two TB screening projects, and costs were collected. Cost-effectiveness was evaluated using a decision analysis model from the health system perspective. The primary outcome was incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) per averted TB case. Additional probabilistic sensitivity analysis was conducted.

Results

ACF (2.02%) showed a higher TB prevalence rate than semi-PCF (0.67%) on CXR. For subjects older than 60 years, the suspected TB rate on CXR was significantly higher in ACF (36.6%) than in semi-PCF (12.2%) (P<0.01). TB incidence among the family visa type was significantly higher in ACF (1.96%) than in semi-PCF (0.88%) (P < 0.0012). Costs for ACF ($666.92) were $20.784 higher than for semi-PCF ($646.13), but TB progression decreased by 0.02, resulting in an ICER of $948.18 per averted TB case. In sensitivity analysis, the indirect costs of ACF and semi-PCF had the highest impact on ICER.

Conclusion

ACF found more TB cases than semi-PCF through CXR screening, and suspect cases with old age and family visa type were more common in ACF than in semi-PCF. ACF is cost-effective as a TB screening strategy for immigrants.
Supporting employers and their employees with Mental hEalth problems to remain eNgaged and producTive at wORk (MENTOR): A feasibility randomised controlled trial protocol
Authors: Prudenzi Arianna , Jadhakhan Feroz , Gill Kiranpreet , MacArthur Michael , Patel Krishane , Moukhtarian Talar , Kershaw Charlotte , Norton-Brown Errin , Johnston Naomi , Daly Guy , Russell Sean , Thomson Louise , Munir Fehmidah , Blake Holly , Meyer Caroline , Marwaha Steven
Published: April 2023

Employees with mental health problems often struggle to remain in employment. During the COVID-19 pandemic, these employees face multiple additional stressors, which are likely to worsen their mental health and work productivity. Currently, it is unclear how to best support employees with mental health problems (and their managers) to improve wellbeing and productivity. We aim to develop a new intervention (MENTOR) that will jointly involve employees, managers, and a new professional (mental health employment liaison worker, MHELW), to help employees who are still at work with a mental health condition and currently receiving professional support for their mental health. A feasibility pilot study will then be undertaken to examine the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention from the perspective of employees and line managers. The study involves a feasibility randomised controlled study comparing outcomes of participants randomised to receive the intervention (MENTOR) with wait-list controls. Participants allocated to the waitlist control group will receive the intervention after three months. We aim to randomise 56 employee-manager pairs recruited from multiple organisations in the Midlands region of England. An intervention including 10 sessions for employees and managers (3 individual sessions and 4 joint sessions) will be delivered over 12 weeks by trained MHELWs. Primary outcomes include measures of feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and work productivity. Secondary outcomes include mental health outcomes. Qualitative interviews will be undertaken with a purposively selected sub-sample of employees and line managers at three-month post-intervention assessment. To our knowledge, this will be the first trial with a joint employee-manager intervention delivered by MHELWs. Anticipated challenges are dual-level consent (employees and managers), participants’ attrition, and recruitment strategies. If the intervention and trial processes are shown to be feasible and acceptable, the outcomes from this study will inform future randomised controlled trials. Trial registration: This trial is pre-registered with the ISRCTN registry, registration number: ISRCTN79256498. Protocol version: 3.0_March_2023. https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN79256498.
Corneal injury is associated with stromal and vascular alterations within cranial dura mater
Authors: Glinskii Olga V. , Glinsky Vladislav V. , Xie Leike , Bunyak Filiz , Glinskii Vladimir V. , Sinha Sunilima , Gupta Suneel , Iozzo Renato V. , Mohan Rajiv R.
Published: April 2023

The cornea and cranial dura mater share sensory innervation. This link raises the possibility that pathological impulses mediated by corneal injury may be transmitted to the cranial dura, trigger dural perivascular/connective tissue nociceptor responses, and induce vascular and stromal alterations affecting dura mater blood and lymphatic vessel functionality. In this study, using a mouse model, we demonstrate for the first time that two weeks after the initial insult, alkaline injury to the cornea leads to remote pathological changes within the coronal suture area of the dura mater. Specifically, we detected significant pro-fibrotic changes in the dural stroma, as well as vascular remodeling characterized by alterations in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) morphology, reduced blood vessel VSMC coverage, endothelial cell expression of the fibroblast specific protein 1, and significant increase in the number of podoplanin-positive lymphatic sprouts. Intriguingly, the deficiency of a major extracellular matrix component, small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin, modifies both the direction and the extent of these changes. As the dura mater is the most important route for the brain metabolic clearance, these results are of clinical relevance and provide a much-needed link explaining the association between ophthalmic conditions and the development of neurodegenerative diseases.