bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successful airway management in a patient with left parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal extension during COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hehsan Muhamad Rafiqi , Muhd Shukeri Wan Fadzlina Wan , Chettiar Raman S RM Subramaniam , Abidin Huda Zainal
Published: February 2022

Acute airway compromise caused by a deep neck space abscess significantly contributes to the morbidity and mortality, and it requires quick identification and rapid treatment.1 Parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscesses affect 2.64 persons out of 100,000 population. The incidence in males and females is 3.34 and 1.94 per 100,000 people, respectively.2 Of note, the abscess might increase the patient’s susceptibility to COVID-19 infection. In order to limit COVID-19 transmission in such patients, an advanced treatment plan is required.3 We share the anesthetic airway management of a high-risk airway case during the current COVID-19 pandemic.

Key words: airway management; COVID-19; abscess, parapharyngeal; abscess, retropharyngeal; video-assisted thoracoscopy; Surgery, thoracic

Citation: Hehsan MR, Shukeri WFWM, Chettiar RSRMS, Abidin HZ. Successful airway management in a patient with left parapharyngeal and retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal extension during COVID-19 pandemic. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2021;26(1):128-129.

DOI: 10.35975/apic.v26i1.1784
The effect of workplace well-being and workplace incivility on turnover intention with job embeddedness as a moderating variable
Authors: Khairunisa Nur Afni , Muafi Muafi
Published: February 2022

Turnover intention is an employee's desire to move to another agency or stop working on their own volition or voluntarily from the organization where they work for certain reasons. Turnover intention behavior has a negative impact on the smooth operation of the organization, so it is necessary to study the factors that influence it and efforts to prevent it. This study aims to examine the effect of workplace well-being and workplace incivility on turnover intention, as well as to examine the role of job embeddedness in moderating the relationship between the two independent variables with the above dependent on employees of the Ministry of Agriculture vertical agency in Manokwari. This study uses a quantitative approach involving 121 respondents. Data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) with the help of SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results showed that; (1) workplace well-being has a negative and significant effect on turnover intention, (2) workplace incivility has a positive and significant effect on turnover intention, (3) job embeddedness significantly plays a role in moderating the relationship between workplace well-being and turnover intention, and (4) Job embeddedness plays a significant role in moderating the relationship between workplace incivility and turnover intention. To prevent turnover intention behavior in employees of the Ministry of Agriculture's vertical agency in Manokwari, it is suggested that the level of job embeddedness should always be maintained and improved for all employees of the Ministry of Agriculture's vertical agency in Manokwari.
Onze pappa kreeg een ongeluk in zijn hoofd: Over de gevolgen van een herseninfarct
Authors: van Dun Wieke
Published: February 2022

Wat overkomt een gezin wanneer een ouder op jonge leeftijd plotseling een beroerte krijgt? Jasper heeft het meegemaakt. Zijn vader kreeg een ernstig herseninfarct toen Jasper vijf jaar was en zijn zusjes vier en twee. Een ingrijpende periode van ziekenhuisopnames en klinische opname in een revalidatiecentrum volgde. Eén ding was duidelijk: de oude pap was er niet meer en zou ook niet terugkomen. De nieuwe pap was anders. Twee jaar na het herseninfarct lijkt het stof dat het infarct heeft doen opwaaien enigszins neer te dalen en wordt een beetje duidelijk hoe het nieuwe gezinsleven met de nieuwe pap er uit gaat zien. Jaspers moeder schreef met Jasper het verhaal op, Jasper maakte de tekeningen erbij. Het resultaat is een voorlichtingsboekje en een handreiking naar andere gezinnen in een soortgelijke situatie. Geen één situatie is hetzelfde, hersenletsel is bij iedereen anders. Maar het boekje kan in verschillende situaties aanknopingspunten bieden. Een beroerte krijg je niet alleen, het treft ook de naasten van een patiënt en veroorzaakt hoe dan ook een breuk in de levenslijn.
Empirical Force Field Derivation and Implementation for LiMO2 (M: Ni, Mn, Co) Cathode Materials
Authors: Tsebesebe N , Kgatwane K , Ngoepe P , Ledwaba R
Published: February 2022

Layered transition metal oxides LiMO2 (M= Mn, Ni, Co), exhibit good electrochemical performances and are considered as the prototype materials in the first commercial lithium-ion products. However, their performance as individual cathode has shown drawbacks and ignited interest in transition metal doping to form highly efficient cathodes. Such interest has driven efforts towards development of interatomic potentials to help provide information pertinent to the fundamental aspects of the interaction between atoms and allow accurate modelling of structures. Developing force fields is a tedious process as such cost functions often feature several competing minima. This work aims to obtain interatomic interactions (Ni-Ni, Ni-O, Co-Co and Co-Co) suitable for large scale simulations. The potentials are fitted from the cross-platform, streaming task runner (code-based) GULP. The procedure fits the ionic size (Aij), dispersion parameter (Cij), and the hardness of ions (ρij), according to the Buckingham potentials. The fitted interactions produced structures with lattice constants with a difference of less than 1% in NiO and 8.75% in CoO in comparison to experimental data. Furthermore, they yielded elastic constants with a difference of 0.35% in NiO and 2.01% in CoO. The high temperature molecular dynamic calculations validated the potentials through the melting temperatures. The nanostructures and their radial distribution curves confirmed melting temperatures of 2250K and 2000K in NiO and CoO, respectively. These are in good agreement accord with the experimental melting temperatures of 2206K and 2228K for NiO and CoO, respectively. Moreover, the derived interatomic potential accurately simulates the structural properties and behavior of and LiCoO2. The findings of the current study will enable the implementation of these potentials into LiMO2 (M: Ni, Co and Mn) structures for incorporation as dopants into the LiMnO2 cathode material.
Agro-Morphological Evaluation of Improved Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L) Varieties for Highland Areas of Western Guji, Southern Oromia
Authors: Bakala Natol , Jibat Ibsa , Idao Belda
Published: February 2022

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal occupying a protruding position among major food crops in the world in terms of acreage and production and is an important cereal crop which is receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production in the world wide in general and in Ethiopia in particular. This experiment was conducted on five bread wheat varieties Mandoyo, Mada-Walabu, Sofumar, Dure and Sanate against local check at Bule hora woreda to identify and recommend high yielder, insect pest tolerant, and stable varieties. The experiment was carried out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with three replications. Yield and yield related parameters were analyzed using SAS statistical software version 9.0. Most of yields and yield related components were significantly different between the varieties at 5% probability level. Based on the mean separation, the highest average grain yield was recorded from Sanate variety 3926.3 kg/ha while, the lowest average yield (2753.2 kg/ha) was recorded from Local check. From total analysis Sanate variety had a yield advantage over the check (Local). Therefore, we suggest that, farmers, state farms and other private bread wheat producers located at the study areas and with similar agro ecologies are recommended to use Sanate variety to increase bread wheat yield.
Moringa oleifera Extract- "A Miracle Tree"
Authors: Parihar Shweta , Chattarpal Chattarpal , Sarswati Sarswati , Hooda Sonia
Published: February 2022

Moringa oleifera is a plant native to India that thrives in tropical and subtropical climates around the world. It's also called a 'drumstick tree' or a 'horseradish tree.' Moringa is commonly farmed around the world because it can resist both severe drought and moderate winter. Every portion of the tree is suitable for nutritional or economic applications due to its high nutritious contents. Minerals, vitamins, and other phytochemicals are abundant in the leaves. The extracts of tree are used to treat many diseases. It's been utilised as an antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, and antibacterial agent in the past. M. oleifera seed, is widely utilised in water treatment. This review looks at how moringa has been used for therapeutic purposes throughout disciplines, as well as the cultivation, nutrition, commercial, and pharmacological qualities of this "miracle tree."
Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of Swietenia macrophylla King (Meliaceae)
Authors: Telrandhe Umesh B , Kosalge Satish B. , Parihar Shweta , Sharma Devender , Lade Swati N.
Published: February 2022

Mahogany is a Meliaceae family exotic plant that includes three species: Swietenia macrophylla king, S mahogany L. Jacq., and S. humulis Zucc. This genus is predominantly found in the humid zone of the New World and the Amazon region of South America. The purpose of this review article is to look at its taxonomical classification, vernacular names, pharmacological activities and its phytochemistry. Scientific studies have found that the crude extract from S. macrophylla seeds has antibacterial, anti-malaria, anti-hepatitis, anti-diarrheal, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic, antinociceptive, and anticancer properties. Phytochemical investigations have shown that limonoids and their derivatives are the major constituents of Swietenia macrophylla.
Thoracic Incidentaloma in a 55-year-old Woman Discovered on CT Scan at the "Luxembourg" Mother Child Hospital Center
Authors: M Mariko , M Camara , S Sanogo , A Kouma , M Konaté , T Camara
Published: February 2022

The aim of this work was to clarify the CT aspects of an asymptomatic Morgagni hernia discovered incidentally on a Thoraco-Abdomino-Pelvic scanner. Patient: We report the case of a 55-year-old woman who came for assessment of the extension of a tumor of the rectum in whom a thoraco-abdomino-pelvic scan was performed which fortuitously revealed the right Morgagni hernia. No treatment was offered. Radiographic control of Morgagni's hernia after 6 months of the CT scan showed lesional stability. Conclusion: Morgagni's hernia is a rare entity, most often discovered by accident. However, this hernia is often asymptomatic and does not require treatment. The positive diagnosis is fortuitously evoked on a CT scan after another assessment and monitoring can be done on a standard radiography in order to limit the X-ray irradiation.
Contemporary Advances in Therapeutic Management of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Dabhade Dr. Dhammdeep Chhaganrao
Published: February 2022

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a complex, chronic and a challenging condition that can be associated with several cardiac, pulmonary, and systemic diseases contributing to morbidity and mortality. Treating PH is multifaceted and concentrates on treatment of the underlying disorder, with referral to expert PH centres for individual assessment and tailored therapy. Targeted pharmacological and surgical treatments are available for patients with PH, for whom early referral to a specialist PH centre is recommended. Recent advancements in PH-targeted therapies and interventional-surgical procedures have contributed to the improvement in quality of life and survival in PH. This article gives an update on recent developments in the management of PH.
Cardiac Involvement in Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Authors: Malky Yasmina , Bourzeg Khaoula , fihri Leila Chemaou El , Essaadouni Lamia , Karimi Saloua El , Hattaoui Mustapha El
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The Churg-Strauss syndrome is a very rare systemic disease affecting people between 40-60 years old. It is recognized by the combination of blood eosinophilia, eosinophilic tissue infiltration, extravascular fibrinoid necrotizing (allergic) epithelioid and eosinophilic granuloma formation, and disseminated necrotizing vasculitis occurring in asthmatic patients. The diagnosis is based on well-defined criteria. The relation between blood eosinophilia and heart disease is well recognized with very heterogeneous damage. Mortality is associated with the cardiac manifestation of CSS in 50% of case. We conducted the current study to determine the prevalence and clinical impact of cardiac involvement in CSS patients. Methods: This was a retrospective and descriptive study about 11 patients followed in the Department of Internal Medicine of CHU Mohamed VI for Churg Strauss syndrome between the year 2017 and 2021. Results: The average age of our patients was 50 years. The sex ratio was 0, 57. The main cardiovascular risk factors were age, male sex, diabetes and hypertension, with a history of rhinitis in two patients and thyroidectomy in one patient. The diagnosis of CHURG-STRAUSS was based on the diagnostic criteria established by the American College of Rheumatology. The echocardiography was the basic examination to objectify the cardiac involvement with the following results: detection of a pericardial effusion in 2 cases, dilated cardiomyopathy in one patient and severe alteration of the ventricular function in one patient. The extracardiac injuries were divided into renal and neurological injuries. Corticosteroid therapy with Endoxan was the cornerstone of the treatment, with non-specific treatment depending on the clinical presentation.
Assessment of Fetal Middle Cerebral Artery Systolic/Diastolic Ratio; for Predicting Fetal Outcome in Preeclampsia Patients Using Doppler Ultrasonography
Authors: Elmahi Tagread Ahmed AbdAlla , MH Marwa H. Mohammed , Aburaida Ragaa Ahmed
Published: February 2022

Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy complication characterized by high blood pressure, albuminuria and edema. PE is leading cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to assess the fetal middle cerebral artery (MCA) systolic diastolic ratio (S/D ratio) in PE patients. A prospective case-control study performed in Sudan at Omdurman Maternity Hospital, feto-maternal unit. 100 PE patients and 120 healthy pregnant women matched for age, parity, and gestational age (GA) served as controls, all were subjected to routine ultrasound (US) followed by Doppler, the data was discussed and presented in percentage between patients age, GA, Parity, Diastolic, systolic and S/D Ratio. Doppler Analysis and its correlated to fetal outcome were discussed. Then statistically the results were analyzed. Doppler US results, from MCA considered as strong independent predictors in excluding adverse fetal outcome in PE.
Shortened Coagulation Profile in Pregnancy
Authors: S Dr. Balaji , Teja Dr. Kalla Ravi , TB Dr. Govindaraj , Sivani Amirtha
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Hyper-coagulation and low grade disseminated intravascular coagulation exists during the entire period of pregnancy and immediate postpartum period. The hormonal changes in pregnancy maintains the placental function during the entire pregnancy and also during delivery, this is achieved by the significant changes in coagulation system during pregnancy; increases in levels of clotting factors, decreased concentration of anticoagulants and diminishing fibrinolytic activities, leading to the state of hypercoagulability. Study and result: The study was done in Central lab, Department of Pathology of our Institute. In this study, the PT and APTT levels of 150 pregnant women during different trimesters of pregnancy and labor were studied and we got a outcome of shortened profile in 104 patients out of which cases with shortened PT is 34%, shortened APTT is 51%, shortened PT and APTT is 15%. Implication: With the knowledge of the reference level, Shortened APTT independently predicts the first episodes and also subsequent recurrence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) and Post-partum hemorrhage.
Paper Title of Case Report: Fatal Skin Lesions
Authors: Jorge Clara F. , Louro Marlene , Coelho Sónia Gomes , Costa Artur , Ascensão Margarida , Vicente Leopoldina
Published: February 2022

We present a clinical case of a 75-year-old woman hospitalized for localized edema and erythema on the right hemiface, with progressive extension over 30 days. On objective examination, a heliotropic erythema, Gottron's papules and an ulcerated lesion on the right breast were founded. It's important to point out an increase of muscle enzymes in laboratory tests. According to classification criteria of the European League against Rheumatism, and taking into consideration the clinical suspicion of breast cancer, a paraneoplastic dermatomyositis was diagnosed. Highlight that dermatomyositis lesions are pathognomonic despite that they are not always recognized in the patient's first approach.
Atypical Lateral Periodontal Cyst- Case Report and Diagnosis
Authors: Gupta Dr. Gaurav , Gupta Dr. D. K , Gupta Dr. Neelja
Published: February 2022

Lateral periodontal cyst is a rare developmental odontogenic type of cyst. It is being frequently diagnosed as an incidental radiographic finding, presenting as a well circumscribed round or tear shaped radiolucent area between the roots of vital teeth. It is often misdiagnosed as one of the lesion of endodontic origin. This case reports of a classical example of lateral periodontal cyst describing its clinical, radiological and histological features representing that the final diagnosis must be based on histopathological examination.
Public Knowledge and Attitudes towards Cross Infection and Infection Control in Dentistry during COVID -19 Pandemic
Authors: Khalaf Mai E , Faridoun Afnan , Alkandari Sarah A. , Alkhubaizi Qoot
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of dental office environment during the pre- and post-COVID-19 pandemic, and attitude towards seeking dental treatment and care in a sample of participants who have access to dental care. Materials and Methods A structured 42 question survey questionnaire was utilized as the study instrument. The survey addressed three areas of knowledge regarding infection transmission in dental clinics, infection control measures used in dental clinics, and general knowledge about COVID-19. Descriptive statistics were presented. Associations between knowledge and attitude scales and demographic characteristics were evaluated. Results A total of 757 participants completed the survey. The study found that around one half of the respondents before the start of the COVID-19 pandemic would be regular visitors to the dentists. Approximately half reported visiting the dental clinic during the COVID-19 outbreak. Respondents reported the main sources of information they used to obtain information about the COVID-19 pandemic from official websites. There was a positive relationship between higher income and educational levels and greater knowledge concerning infection transmission in dental clinics and general knowledge about COVID-19. A significant positive relationship was found between the level of knowledge concerning infection transmission in dental clinics and agreement with the additional control measures taken during the pandemic. Conclusions The study population did not have an accurate understanding of the routes of transmission of the COVID-19 virus yet had a fair amount of knowledge about general infection control measures. Poor knowledge was associated with an increased perceived sense of security regarding seeking dental treatment among respondents.
Siemens Supply Chain Management to Eliminate the Buffers of Inventory That Exists Between Originations in Chains through the Sharing of Information on Demand and Current Stock Levels
Authors: Ahmed Afrin , Chakraborty Barota
Published: February 2022

Objective: The major objectives of Siemens supply chain management to eliminate the buffers of inventory that exists between originations in chain though the sharing of information on demand and current stock levels. Method: As this research was exploratory in nature, the report has been written based on both the primary as well as the secondary form of information. Result: Siemens healthcare Limited has a small number of suppliers. Their responsibility is to only fulfill the local needs on behave to Siemens healthcare Limited to clients. With or without their help, Siemens healthcare Limited put them identify on their client mind by their own afford. Conclusion: The supply chain at Siemens healthcare diagnostics in Bangladesh is an integral link between the suppliers in Germany and customers in Bangladesh. The approach adopted to cater the demands of customers on a global scale is very effective since a global intranet of Siemens enable real time communication between suppliers and SMEL H DX. The information management systems used at Siemens Healthcare Limited are high-end applications software like SAP, Microsoft Outlook, SHOT (Siemens Healthcare on Target) which determine the profitability of the orders that customers place and can provide the estimated profit margin from each deal of the company. This ensures the end-to-end visibility of the supply chain thus ensuring the company retains a competitive growth rate with high levels of customer satisfaction.
Aloe Vera Gel Effect on Skin and Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Saleem Aisha , Naureen Irum , Naeem Muhammad , Murad Hafiza Safoora , Maqsood Samra , Tasleem Gulnaz
Published: February 2022

Aloe Vera, a cactus-like plant belongs to Asphodelaceae (Liliaceae) family has been used for traditional medical purposes for thousands of years. Aloe Vera derives its name from the Arabic word “Alloeh” which means “shining bitter substance” because of the bitter liquid found in the leaves and Vera which means “true” in Latin. There are over 300 species of aloe, most of which are native to South Africa, Madagascar and Arabia. Aloe leaves can be separated into two basic products: the latex, a bitter yellow liquid beneath the epidermis of the leaf and the gel, a colorless and tasteless substance in the inner part of the leaf. Both of them have many biologically active components, mainly anthraquinones and polysaccharides (the most active is acemannan), which may act alone or in synergy. Application of Aloe vera gel is cosmetic-moisturizers, toothpastes and flavoring compounds or preservative of fresh products and in medicine of humans or animals. Aloe vera gel is an active ingredient in hundreds of skin lotions, sun blocks and cosmetics. Aloe vera seems to treat of wounds, burns, insect stings, and skin inflammation, anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and antimicrobial, anti-tumor, anti- skin protection, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, and which are very important for wound healing. Aloe Vera gel helps in activating new hair growth as it increases blood circulation to the scalp. It also provides essential minerals and vitamins.
Magnesium and Melatonin Co-Administration Attenuates Blood Glucose Levels in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: ET Godam , Pepple Ibiere , Benwoke Ibiwari W. , S.K Boma Enebeli , Erekosima U.
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose. The raised blood glucose level if not properly managed can results in damage and failure of several vital organs such as the eyes, kidneys, nerves, heart, and blood vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of co-administration of melatonin and magnesium on blood glucose level of streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetic Wistar rats. To achieve this aim sixty-four Wistar rats were used in the study. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used to induce chemical type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) after two weeks acclimatization period in fifty-eight Wistar rats. Fifty-three rats were diabetic and fourty-eight diabetic rats were randomly distributed in eight groups and six normal normoglycaemic rats were used as control. The animals were assigned into nine groups as follows, Normal control group (NC), Diabetic control (DC) group, Melatonin Low dose group of 10 mg/kgb (MLD), magnesium low dose group of 240 mg/kgbw (MgLD), melatonin and magnesium combined low dose group of 10mg/kgbw+240mg/kgbw (MMgLD), melatonin high dose group of 20mg/kgbw (MHD), magnesium high dose group of 480mg/kgbw (MgHD), melatonin and magnesium high dose combined group of 20mg/kgbw+480mg/kgbw (MMgHD) and insulin at 500mg/kgbw group (IN). Melatonin and insulin were administered through intraperitoneal injections (IP) while magnesium was by oral administration. The control groups were given placebo and all group treatment was for twenty-one days. Blood glucose was measured weekly in all groups by day 8, day 15 and day 22. At the end of the evaluation Day 22, the blood glucose levels showed a highly significant decrease (p˂0.05) in melatonin treatment group at low dose (MLD), melatonin and magnesium combined group at low doses (MMgLD), melatonin treatment group at high doses (MHD) and insulin treated group (IN) when compared with normoglycaemic group (NC) while groups treated with Magnesium at low doses (MgLD), magnesium treated group at high doses and melatonin and magnesium treatment group at high doses (MMgHD) showed no significant decrease (p˂0.05) in blood glucose levels as compared with diabetic control (DC). Melatonin and magnesium co-administration has hypoglycaemic effects on blood glucose levels in STZ-induced type 1 diabetic Wistar rats.
“Straightaway Their Vision Came to Them”: Maya Ancestral Vision and Blood Memory
Authors: Christenson Allen J.
Published: February 2022

According to the Popol Vuh, a Maya text compiled soon after the Spanish Conquest in the sixteenth century, the first men created by the gods had the gift of extraordinary vision whereby they could see all things: “Perfect was their sight, and perfect was their knowledge of everything beneath the sky.  If they gazed about them, turning their faces around, they beheld that which was in the sky and that which was upon the earth.  Instantly, they were able to behold everything.  They didn’t have to walk to see all that existed beneath the sky.  They merely saw it from wherever they were.  Thus, their knowledge became full.  Their vision passed beyond the trees and rocks, beyond the lakes and the seas, beyond the mountains and the valleys” (Christenson 2007: 197).  Although the creator gods eventually clouded this vision so that men could only see those things which were “nearby,” the progenitors of the Maya and their descendents nevertheless bore within their blood the potential for divine sight, bestowed upon them by their creators.  Present-day Maya traditionalist priests in the highlands of Guatemala believe that their divine ancestors, who set the pattern for contemporary rituals, continue to operate through them as conduits at appropriate times and under appropriate circumstances.  It is their sacred ancestral vision that allows indigenous priests to “see” beyond the limits of time and distance as the first men once did as they conduct divination ceremonies connected with the ancient Maya calendar.
Technology-Based? Cost Factoring in U.S. Environmental Standards
Authors: Colburn Jamison
Published: February 2022

Environmental controls in the United States are often said to be “technology-based” because the polluter’s duties are determined by the available technology for controlling that pollution rather than by the social costs and benefits of doing so. Indeed, this is much of what distinguishes U.S. environmental law post-1970 from that which preceded it. But technology-based standards have in fact weighed the costs of controlling pollution in unique, often obscure ways, yielding an analysis that defies standardization and basic notions of transparency. Often lumped under an umbrella heading called “feasibility” analysis and justified on the grounds that it avoids many of the known pitfalls of cost-benefit analysis, the factoring of cost into technology assessments hands our Environmental Protection Agency a uniquely hard problem of prediction: the inducement of innovation. This Article traces the evolution of the practice to the state of the art today, offers several clarifications upon reflection, and suggests that cost estimation in technology- based standard setting is actually more likely to be a useful decision input than the orthodox cost-benefit balancing procedures. Most importantly, it is more likely to accurately assess the possibilities of inducing innovation—accuracy that is increasingly vital to meeting environmental challenges like climate change.
Water, Water, Everywhere: Surface Water Liability
Authors: Fraley Jill
Published: February 2022

By 2030 the U.S. will lose around $520 billion annually from its gross domestic product due to flooding. New risks resulting from climate change arise not only from swelling rivers and lakes, but also from stormwater runoff. According to the World Bank, coastal cities risk flooding more from their poor management of surface water than they do from rising sea levels. Surface water liability governs when a landowner is responsible for diverting the flow of water to a neighboring parcel of land. Steep increases in urban flooding will make surface water an enormous source of litigation in the coming decades. But surface water jurisprudence is ill equipped for this influx. The law of surface waters remains cumbersome, antiquated, and confusing. Furthermore, the doctrine itself has exacerbated the problem by privileging land development over maintaining natural landscapes, thereby eliminating what would have been carbon sequestration devices, as well as natural buffers against storm surges, sea level rise, and flooding. This Article critiques surface water liability rules through original research into the agricultural science that supported these legal doctrines. By establishing how the current legal doctrines emerged from science now known to be highly flawed, this Article demonstrates the need to break with past doctrines and engage in a genuine rethinking of how to manage surface water liability in the twentyfirst century. Finally, this Article proposes a new liability rule that would manage landowner expectations while avoiding the pro-development bias currently entrenched in the jurisprudence.
Change in Regulation is Necessary for Genetically Engineered Mosquitoes
Authors: Hwang Insung
Published: February 2022

Millions of genetically engineered (GE) mosquitoes could soon be released in Key West, Florida as an effort to eradicate wild mosquitoes that are transmitters of diseases such as malaria, dengue, and chikungunya. Both international and domestic regulations fail to provide effective regulatory schemes that can facilitate the application of this technology while ensuring all safety and environmental aspects are properly addressed. The Food and Drug Administration’s assertion of jurisdiction is based on its assessment that the GE mosquitoes are “animal drugs” under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act. This is especially troublesome because the end goal of using these mosquitoes is to prevent diseases in humans, which are not “animals” under the statute. Also, the current scheme only regulates the engineered gene inside the mosquito, but not the mosquito itself, and fails to account for the fact that the mosquito is a living animal that acts separately and independently from the engineered gene inside. Moreover, the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s voluntary abrogation of jurisdiction is questionable because it had asserted jurisdiction on other GE insects and accumulated extensive experience in dealing with such issues. Instead, Mexico’s approach of establishing a separate federal-level regulatory body specifically for genetically modified organisms could be instructive. No matter what the solution, some change in regulation addressing GE mosquitoes has become even more urgent with the recent spread of Zika virus in the U.S.
The Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill Litigation: Proof of Concept for the Manual for Complex Litigation and the 2015 Amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Authors: Cruden John , O'Rourke Steve , Himmelhoch Sarah
Published: February 2022

On April 20, 2010, the oil rig Deepwater Horizon exploded in the Gulf of Mexico, killing eleven people and injuring seventeen more. Efforts to stop the spill failed. For the next eighty-seven days, hundreds of millions of barrels of oil poured into the Gulf. This catastrophe not only changed the lives of the families of the dead and injured and the communities who experienced the economic and social disruption of the spill – it challenged the survival of the ecosystem of the ninth largest water body in the world. The oil spill extended fifty miles offshore from Louisiana in the Gulf of Mexico and spread over an area larger than the State of Idaho. The oil spill also triggered the onset of one of the most significant civil environmental enforcement actions in the history of our nation. This Article is written by counsel for the Department of Justice’s civil enforcement case in response to the Deepwater Horizon disaster. After examining the litigation of the case from inception through settlement, this article explores the lessons learned from the litigation and the premise that this case demonstrates a proof of concept for the effectiveness of cooperative federalism, the Manual for Complex Litigation and the 2015 amendments to the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure.
Utilisation of Digital Twin in Representation of a Physical Object, Process, or Service
Authors: Bhanu Satpathy Rudra , Gavaskar Sunil
Published: February 2022

Digital twins are a useful tool for integrating cyber-physical processes in production. In order to attain a new higher degree of efficiency, smart manufacturing services might improve the complete business process and operation method of manufacturing. When intelligent production solutions and smart sensors are combined, product development, production and other operations are anticipated to be drastically altered. The digital twin, when paired mostly with technologies, can enable more accurate industrial scheduling and execution management,resulting in industrial automation. Manufacturers are using the many components of a digital twin as services, as this article explains and illustrates.
Effectiveness of Virtualization in the Process of Running a Virtual Instance of a Computer System in a Layer Abstracted from the Actual Hardware
Authors: Kumar Chhajer Siddth , Bhanu Satapathy Rudra
Published: February 2022

Under this research paper many different kinds of viewpoints concept of Virtualizations, the use of visualization for security reasons, and the Importance of IoT in the virtualization process. Moreover, this paper will signify that Different virtual environments are offered through a virtualized IT firm, which has to be accepted and operated if technology evolves quickly. This research paper will highlight many different types of strong and sustainable viewpoints about the visualization process and its impacts. It can be a supportive way for the next researcher to understand the scope of this research paper in a proper manner. In order to conduct a proper understanding of the effect of virtualization in running a virtual instance of a computer system from actual hardware will be the main aim of this paper. On the other hand, virtualization may also be described as a technique that can theoretically divide a server's physical resources and use it as several, separated computers known as virtual machines.
Rəngkarlıq – rəng sənəti
Authors:   National Institute of Fine Arts and Design named after Kamoliddin Bekhzod Senior Lecturer, Nikolayevich Hapov Vasiliy
Published: February 2022

In this article, the author describes the possibilities of color and impression, the main idea of the composition through color, the complex world of human emotions and character, the techniques, methods and materials used in painting, as well as the types of painting and the history of painting, additionally also reveals the freedom and full power and color necessary for the artist in the painting to highlight the main idea of the composition, to emphasize the important details, to give the depth of the distance or to give the image flatness, and also it should be noted that the author also pointed out that the image of form and distance, images and movements, which are the most important distinguishing features of painting, can only be seen through color. Key words: Painting, images, images, miniatures, icon painting, decorative patterns, theater - decoration, history of painting, the image of form and distance, distinguishing features of painting, monumental painting, decorativeness and the mix of colors Vasiliy Nikolayeviç Hapov Rəngkarlıq – rəng sənəti Xülasə Müəllif bu məqalədə rəng və təəssürat imkanlarını, rəng vasitəsilə kompozisiyanın əsas ideyasını, insan duyğularının və xarakterinin mürəkkəb dünyasını, rəngkarlıqda istifadə olunan texnika, üsul və materialları, eləcə də rəngkarlığın növlərini və rəssamlıq tarixi, əlavə olaraq, kompozisiyanın əsas ideyasını , vacib detalları vurğulamaq, məsafənin dərinliyini vermək və ya təsvirə düzlük vermək məqdədilə rəssam üçün lazım olan sərbəstliyi və tam gücü və rəngi ortaya qoyur və həçinin qeyd edək ki, müəllif həm də rəngkarlığın ən mühüm fərqləndirici xüsusiyyətləri olan forma və məsafənin, obrazların və hərəkətlərin obrazının yalnız rəng vasitəsilə görünə biləcəyinə diqqət çəkib. Açar sözlər: Rəngkarlıq, təsvirlər, miniatürlər, ikona rəsmləri, dekorativ naxışlar, teatr - dekorasiya, rəssamlıq tarixi, forma və məsafənin təsviri, rəngkarlığın fərqləndirici xüsusiyyətləri, monumental rəngkarlıq, dekorativlik və rəng qarışığı
Influence of articles published in the “Akinchi” newspaper on the development of family upbringing in Azerbaijan
Authors:   Bakı Slavyan Universiteti  doktorant, Namiq qızı Cəfərova Səbinə
Published: February 2022

Milliətin tərəqqisi və milli şüurunun oyanması, özünüdərk prosesi və dünya sivilizasiyasının yeni tövhələrindən yaranmasında mətbuatın özünəməxsus yeri vardır. Azərbaycanın demokratik ruhlu pedaqoji ideyalarının inkişafın ilk mətbu orqan təməli 1875-ci ildə qoyulan “Əkinçi” qəzetinin yaranması ilə bağlı olmuşdur. “Əkinçi”nin meydana gəlməsi Azərbaycanın istər ictimai-siyasi, istər mədəni-maarif sahəsində vacib hadisələrdən biri hesab edilirdi. Azərbaycanda qəzet və jurnallarda da əsas aparıcı mövzu xalqın maarifləndirilməsi, mədəniyyət, təhsil, ailələrin müasir dövrün tələblərinə uyğun olaraq övladlarını tərbiyəsi, bu problemlərin mətbuatda işiqlandırılması məsələləri idi. Məqalədə “Əkinçi” qəzetində dərc olunan nəşrlərdə sosial quruluş, ailə münaqişələri, uşaqların təhsil səviyyəsinin aşağı olması məsələləri araşdırılır. Qəzetdə dərc olunan məqalələr uşaqları elmə səsləyir, valideynlərə övladlarını millətin, Vətənin gələcəyi naminə böyütmələri tövsiyə olunurdu. Açar sözlər: ailə, tərbiyə, cəmiyyət, elm, xalq, maarif Sabina Namig Jafarova Influence of articles published in the “Akinchi” newspaper on the development of family upbringing in Azerbaijan Abstract The press occupies a special place in the progress of the nation and the awakening of national self-awareness, the process of self-awareness and the emergence of new contributions to world civilization. The development of democratic pedagogical ideas in Azerbaijan was associated with the creation of the newspaper "Akinchi", which was considered the first press organ of development and was founded in 1875. The formation “Akinchi” was one of the most important events in the socio-political, cultural and educational life of Azerbaijan. The main topics of newspapers and magazines of Azerbaijan were the issues of enlightenment of the people, culture, education, upbringing of children in accordance with the requirements of modernity, coverage of these problems in the media. The article addresses issues of social order, family conflicts, low level of education of children in publications published in the newspaper "Akinchi". Most of the articles published in the newspaper called the children to science, and the parents advised to bring up the children in the name of the future nation and homeland. Key words: family, upbringing, society, science, nation, education
On the theoretical fundamentals of inclusive education
Authors:   ADPU nəzdində Pedaqoji kollec müəllim, Qurban qızı Mənsimova Kifayət
Published: February 2022

İnklüziv təhsil modeli təhsildə yeni islahatların həyata keçirilməsini, təhsilə dair qanunlarda əlavə və düzəlişlərin edilməsini, kadr hazırlığında yeni bilik və bacarıqların aşılanmasını, bütün təhsil müəssisələrinin maddi-texniki bazasının zənginləşdirilməsini və s. tədbirləri kompleks şəkildə həyata keçir­məyi sinif, məktəb və hətta dövlət səviyyəsində bir məqsəd kimi qarşıya qoydu. İnklüziv təhsil özündə həm də humanist dəyərləri ehtiva etdiyindən daha geniş vüsət almağa başladı. Mahiyyəti etibarilə humanizmi təlqin edən və demokratik prinsiplərə söykənən inklüziv təhsil yalnız mətktəb çərçivəsində və təhsil sistemi səviyyəsində deyil, eyni zamanda bütün cəmiyyət miqyasında hər kəsə bərabər imkanlar və irqindən, dinindən, maddi-sosial vəziyyətindən, əqli və fiziki imkanlarından asılı olmayaraq cəmiyyətin hər bir fərdinə ədalətli yanaşma tələb edir. Açar sözlər: inklüziv təhsil, təhsildə humanizm, təhsildə islahat, əqli və fiziki qüsur Kifayat Gurban Mansimova On the theoretical fundamentals of inclusive education Abstract The model of inclusive education sets aims the implementation of new reforms in education, additions and amendments to the laws on education, inculcation of new knowledge and skills in staff training, enrichment of the material and technical base of all educational institutions, etc. the implementation of comprehensive manner at the classroom, school and even the state level.As inclusive education contains humanistic values it becomes more widespread. Inclusive education, which is essentially humanistic and based on democratic principles, requires equal opportunities for all and a fair approach to every member of society, regardless of race, religion, financial status, mental or physical capacity, not only within the school and at the level of the education system, but also throughout society. Key words: inclusive education, humanism in education, reform in education, mental and physical disability
Azərbaycanda çörəyin tarixi
Authors:   MSc student from Nanjing Agricultural University, Davidov Chingiz , Siming Wang ,   College of Humanities and Social Development Nanjing Agricultural University Professor and Dean
Published: February 2022

You cannot find a country that is not proud of its traditions of baking national types of bread. Bakery products in Azerbaijan are regarded as the most significant and most important part in the human diet. It is customary here that if you want to invite a person to a meal, and then they must ask - Eat Bread. Traditional types of bread and pastries in Azerbaijan and most bakery products are prepared from simple wheat dough without any secrets and difficulties. However, the recipes, external form and methods of preparation of traditional Azerbaijani baked goods differ significantly from the methods of preparation of Slavic flour products. Among the favorite types of bread, it is worth highlighting - lavash, yukha, apek, felt, churek. Key words: types of bread, tandir, wheat, archeological excavations, regions of Azerbaijan Çingiz Davidov Şeng Siming Azərbaycanda çörəyin tarixi Xülasə Elə ölkə tapa bilməzsiniz ki, milli çörək bişirmək ənənələri ilə fəxr etməsin. Azərbaycanda çörək məhsulları insanların qida rasionunun ən mühüm və ən vacib hissəsi hesab olunur. Burada adətdir ki, bir insanı yeməyə dəvət etmək istəyirsinizsə, çörək yeyiminizmi deyə soruşmalıdır. Azərbaycanda ənənəvi çörək və xəmir növləri və çörək məmulatlarının əksəriyyəti heç bir sirr və çətinlik olmadan sadə buğda xəmirindən hazırlanır. Bununla belə, ənənəvi Azərbaycan çörək məmulatlarının reseptləri, xarici forması və hazırlanma üsulları slavyan un məmulatlarının hazırlanma üsullarından əhəmiyyətli dərəcədə fərqlənir. Sevimli çörək növləri arasında bir sıra çörək növlərini vurğulamağa dəyər - lavaş, yuxa, əppək, keçə, şirin çörək. Açar sözlər: çörək növləri, təndir, buğda, arxeoloji qazıntılar, Azərbaycan bölgələri
Talibanin geri dönüşünün nə faydalari var böyük səhimlər üçün hakimiyyət üçün?
Authors:   Baku State University bachelor, Rafiq Asgarov Sirus
Published: February 2022

The return of the Taliban to power is radically different from when the organization last ruled .This time, domestic interests were combined with the interests of major powers, the United States, Russia and China, and they were the ones who seized power. On August 15, 2021, the Taliban completed its occupation of Afghanistan. The return of the Taliban to power has various benefits for the major powers. This issue is very useful for Russia, the United States, China and Iran in terms of economic, political and military-political issues. Key words: Taliban government, political relations, advantages, strong states, military-political Sirus Əsgərov Talibanin geri dönüşünün nə faydalari var böyük səhimlər üçün hakimiyyət üçün? Xülasə Talibanın hakimiyyətə qayıdışı təşkilatın sonuncu dəfə hakimiyyətdə olduğu vaxtdan köklü şəkildə fərqlənir. 15 avqust 2021-ci ildə Taliban Əfqanıstanın işğalını başa çatdırdı. Talibanın hakimiyyətə qayıtmasının böyük dövlətlər üçün müxtəlif faydaları var. Bu məsələ həm iqtisadi, həm siyasi, həm də hərbi-siyasi məsələlər baxımından Rusiya, ABŞ, Çin və İran üçün çox faydalıdır. Açar sözlər: Taliban hökuməti, siyasi əlaqələr, üstünlüklər, güclü dövlətlər, hərbi-siyasi
Development of integrated mechanisms for automatic regulation of the position of the trouble during the movement of a truck
Authors:   Azərbaycan Dövlət Aqrar Universiteti texnika elmlər doktoru, dosent, Mahmud oğlu Babayev Şahlar
Published: February 2022

YÜK AVTOMOBİLİNİN HƏRƏKƏTİ ZAMANI YEDƏYİNİN VƏZİYYƏTİNİN AVTOMATİK TƏNZİMLƏNMƏSİ ÜÇÜN İNTİQAL MEXANİZMİNİN İŞLƏNMƏSİ Xülasə Məqalə yük avtomobilinin hərəkəti zamanı onun yedəyinin vəziyyətini avtomatik tənzimlənməsi üçün intiqal mexanizminin işlənməsi məsələsinə aiddir. Təklif olunan intiqal mexanizminin tətbiqi nəticəsində yük avtomobilinin yedəyinin həm yolun eni üzrə, həm də yol boyu relyefdən asılı olmayaraq, təklif olunan intiqal mexanizminin tətbiqi nəticəsində yek avtomobilinin yedəyinin vəziyyətini avtomatik tənzimləməyə-işə başlamazdan əvvəlki vəziyyətə gətirməyə imkan verir. Bu məqsədlə patent səviyyəsində işlənmiş yeni siqnal qurğusunun köməyi ilə avtomatik idarə olunan çoxbəndli (fəza) intiqal mexanizmi işlənmişdir. Açar sözlər: yük avtomobili, hərəkət, yedək, avtomatik tənzimləmə, siqnal qurğusu, intiqal, mexanizm, işlənmə Shahlar Mahmud Babayev Development of integrated mechanisms for automatic regulation of the position of the trouble during the movement of a truck Abstract The article deals with the development of a transmission mechanism for automatic adjustment of the position of the tow truck during its movement. The application of the proposed transfer mechanism allows the truck tow to automatically adjust the position of the tow of the truck as a result of the application of the proposed transfer mechanism, regardless of the width of the road and along the road. For this purpose, a multi-point (space) transmission mechanism automatically controlled with the help of a new patent-level signaling device has been developed. Key words: truck, movement, tow, automatic adjustment, alarm device, transmission, mechanism, processing