bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of protection and temperature variation on temporal stability in a marine reserve network
Authors: Srednick Griffin , Swearer Stephen E.
Published: November 2023

Understanding the drivers of ecosystem stability has been a key focus of modern ecology as the impacts of the Anthropocene become more prevalent and extreme. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are tools used globally to promote biodiversity and mediate anthropogenic impacts. However, assessing the stability of natural ecosystems and responses to management actions is inherently challenging due to the complex dynamics of communities with many interdependent taxa. Using a 12‐year time series of subtidal community structure in an MPA network in the Channel Islands (United States), we estimated species interaction strength (competition and predation), prey species synchrony, and temporal stability in trophic networks, as well as temporal variation in sea surface temperature to explore the causal drivers of temporal stability at community and metacommunity scales. At the community scale, only trophic networks in MPAs at Santa Rosa Island showed greater temporal stability than reference sites, likely driven by reduced prey synchrony. Across islands, competition was sometimes greater and predation always greater in MPAs compared with reference sites. Increases in interaction strength resulted in lower temporal stability of trophic networks. Although MPAs reduced prey synchrony at the metacommunity scale, reductions were insufficient to stabilize trophic networks. In contrast, temporal variation in sea surface temperature had strong positive direct effects on stability at the regional scale and indirect effects at the local scale through reductions in species interaction strength. Although MPAs can be effective management strategies for protecting certain species or locations, our findings for this MPA network suggest that temperature variation has a stronger influence on metacommunity temporal stability by mediating species interactions and promoting a mosaic of spatiotemporal variation in community structure of trophic networks. By capturing the full spectrum of environmental variation in network planning, MPAs will have the greatest capacity to promote ecosystem stability in response to climate change.
Patch‐scale edge effects do not indicate landscape‐scale fragmentation effects
Authors: Fahrig Lenore
Published: November 2023

Negative landscape‐scale fragmentation effects are often inferred from negative patch‐scale edge effects. I tested this cross‐scale extrapolation using two evaluations. First, I searched for studies that estimated the direction of both a patch‐scale edge effect and a landscape‐scale fragmentation effect. The directions were concordant and discordant in 55% and 45% of cases, respectively. Second, I extracted from the literature a sample of landscape‐scale fragmentation effects on individual species. Then, for each species I searched for studies from which I could calculate the slope of its patch‐scale edge effect. Species showing negative patch‐scale edge effects were nearly equally likely to show negative or positive landscape‐scale fragmentation effects, and likewise for species showing positive patch‐scale edge effects. The results mean that the efficacy of policies related to habitat fragmentation cannot be inferred from observed patch‐scale edge effects. Such policies require landscape‐scale evidence, comparing species' responses in landscapes with different levels of fragmentation.
Firm ESG reputation risk and debt choice
Authors: Newton David P. , Ongena Steven , Xie Ru , Zhao Binru
Published: November 2023

Using a novel sample covering 3783 US public firms from 2007 to 2020, we examine how negative media coverage of firm‐level environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices affects a firm's debt choice. We find that firms with higher ESG reputation risk rely more on public bond than bank loan. The social and governance components, in particular, matter. Moreover, firms that receive more negative news coverage display a higher propensity to issue new bonds as opposed to securing new bank debt. Overall, our study presents empirical evidence on the relation between firm ESG reputation risk and debt financing.
Cardiac and hepatic side effects of fluoxetine in male and female adolescent rats
Authors: Babaaeyan Hajar , Sakhaie Nona , Sadegzadeh Farshid , Saadati Hakimeh , Niapour Ali
Published: November 2023

Background

Fluoxetine (FLX) is widely prescribed as an antidepressant medicine in the juvenile population.

Objectives

Although some adverse effects of FLX have been reported in adults, the present study aimed to investigate the side effects of FLX treatment during adolescence on the cardiac and hepatic systems.

Methods

Male and female rats were gavaged with FLX (5 mg/kg/day) on postnatal days (PND) 21 to PND 60. Following treatment, blood samples were collected and hepatic enzymes were evaluated. The specimens of the liver and heart of animals were subjected to histopathological assessment.

Results

Fluoxetine significantly raised serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in males, whereas the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level increased in both male and female animals. In the histopathological study, hepatic plates were more seriously affected, and the sinusoids were irregular in adolescent male rats. Degenerative changes were observed especially in the first and second hepatic zones of FLX‐treated male rats. Signs of inflammation and accumulation of lymphoid groups were frequently observed in the portal triad of the hepatic lobules. These alterations were more severe in male livers. Minimum or nearly normal changes were observed in female liver slides. In addition, the histological assessment indicated that treatment with FLX during adolescence also increased the heart's weight and the wall thickness of the right and left ventricles (hypertrophy) in male and especially female animals.

Conclusion

Our findings may provide new insights into the cardiac and hepatic adverse effects of FLX.
Disentangling the drivers of decadal body size decline in an insect population
Authors: Botsch Jamieson C. , Zaveri Aayush N. , Nell Lucas A. , McCormick Amanda R. , Book K. Riley , Phillips Joseph S. , Einarsson Árni , Ives Anthony R.
Published: November 2023

While climate warming is widely predicted to reduce body size of ectotherms, evidence for this trend is mixed. Body size depends not only on temperature but also on other factors, such as food quality and intraspecific competition. Because temperature trends or other long‐term environmental factors may affect population size and food sources, attributing trends in average body size to temperature requires the separation of potentially confounding effects. We evaluated trends in the body size of the midge Tanytarsus gracilentus and potential drivers (water temperature, population size, and food quality) between 1977 and 2015 at Lake Mývatn, Iceland. Although temperatures increased at Mývatn over this period, there was only a slight (non‐significant) decrease in midge adult body size, contrary to theoretical expectations. Using a state‐space model including multiple predictors, body size was negatively associated with both water temperature and midge population abundance, and it was positively associated with 13C enrichment of midges (an indicator of favorable food conditions). The magnitude of these effects were similar, such that simultaneous changes in temperature, abundance, and carbon stable isotopic signature could counteract each other in the long‐term body size trend. Our results illustrate how multiple factors, all of which could be influenced by global change, interact to affect average ectotherm body size.
Contextualising collective efficacy in virtual team research: The essential role of collaborative technologies in the virtual team efficacy conceptual framework
Authors: Hardin Andrew , Davison Robert M. , Schneider Christoph , Looney Clayton A. , Sarker Suprateek
Published: November 2023

One factor receiving contemporary interest from virtual team researchers is collective‐level efficacy, that is, a team's shared belief in its collective abilities to work effectively. However, our understanding of this literature leads to two concerns. First, depending on traditional team‐focused collective‐level efficacy concepts conveys an indifferent view of technology that ignores decades of research explaining how virtual teams' reliance on collaborative technologies differentiates them from traditional teams. Second, the information systems literature has largely ignored the concept of collective‐level efficacy in virtual team research. That collective‐level efficacy is underexamined in IS research is disappointing, given the growing recognition (outside the IS literature) that it is crucial to virtual team success. This absence becomes even more concerning given that IS researchers developed the concept of virtual team efficacy (VTE) specifically for virtual team settings. Unlike collective‐level efficacy measures designed for traditional team settings, VTE incorporates technology into its conceptual definition and the operationalization of its measurement indicators. Thus, it is a stronger predictor of virtual team outcomes. To demonstrate its importance to IS research, we used a deductive theory‐driven approach to propose and empirically evaluate whether VTE indirectly acts on virtual team effectiveness through the critical concepts of trust and participants' perceptions of problems associated with the collaboration inhibitors of time difference, geographical separation, and cultural differences. This research contributes significantly to the literature by confirming VTE's relationship to important virtual team success factors and informing IS researchers about the appropriate choice of constructs when studying collective‐level efficacy in virtual team settings.
Beobachtungen zur Biologie und Ethologie von Pipa (Hemipipa) carvalhoi Mir. RiB. 1937. (Anura, Pipidae)1
Authors: Weygoldt Peter
Published: November 2023

Feeding, mating behaviour, communication, breeding biology, and development of Pipa carvalhoi are described. Like in other species of the genus Pipa, the eggs are laid onto the ♀ back during several turnovers, and this behaviour cau be observed even in the absence of ♂♂ Acoustic communication involves a mating call and a combat call. The biology and behaviour of Pipa carvalhoi are compared to that of other pipid frogs, and it is suggested that the specialized breeding biology of the genus Pipa evolved as an adaptation to the life in small ponds and ditches which are rich in nutrients but poor in oxygen.
Der Anwendungszeitraum als lernbare Größe1
Authors: Horter Manfred
Published: November 2023

The possibility of learning time intervals was examined. 7 male BDE‐rats (70 days old at the beginning of the experiments) were trained (shock avoidance learning) in a modified test chamber to learn bar‐pressing only in distinguished time periods (LD 12: 12). In a second part of the experiment it was examined with 5 rats what effect an extension of the light phase has. The results show that there is a possibility of learning time intervals and of maintaining this behaviour under these specific conditions of training.
PUBLIC RESPONSE TO EARTHQUAKE HAZARD INFORMATION*
Authors: PALM RISA I.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT Consumer protection legislation has been based on the assumptions that people prefer to avoid risks and that they make rational decisions given a bounded field of information. Mandated disclosure of information about environmental hazards in limited areas should therefore result in the avoidance of such areas by homebuyers or the adoption of mitigation measures subsequent to the move. The response of California homebuyers to mandated disclosure of the location of special studies zones or surface fault rupture districts was negligible, both because of the failure of the law to specify rigorous disclosure procedures and also because the law was based on the assumption that the mere provision of information will result in a predictable and rational behavioral response.
A critical catalogue of SEM‐EDS multispectral maps analysis methods and their application to hydrated cementitious materials
Authors: Georget Fabien , Schmatz Joyce , Wellmann Eva , Matschei Thomas
Published: November 2023

Many methods have been proposed to analyse SEM‐EDS hypermaps of hydrated cementitious materials but none can fit all purposes. In this presentation, we review existing methods for phase identification, stoichiometry quantification, and microstructure quantification in cementitious materials and related materials. We first discuss the unique contribution of SEM‐EDS with respect to the outstanding scientific challenges towards sustainable construction materials. We then compare the SEM‐EDS and image analysis techniques which contribute to answering these challenges. Convergence and divergence in current methods and workflows, and knowledge gaps are highlighted in terms of the specificities of the material (phase assemblage complexity, grain sizes, mixtures, etc.). The discussion is weighted by the required expert knowledge for the sample preparation, microscope operation, and data analysis. We conclude by discussing how microscopy and image analysis integrate into the overall experimental toolkit to investigate and improve cementitious materials.
Efficacy of a multitargeted, salicylic acid‐based dermocosmetic cream compared to benzoyl peroxide 5% in Acne vulgaris: Results from a randomized study
Authors: Dal Belo Susi Elaine , Kanoun‐Copy Leila , Lambert Christina , Cornillon Céline , Muller Benoit , Jouni Hussein , Moreau Magali , Palamarchuk Irina , Kerob Delphine , Aguilar Luc
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Acne vulgaris (acne) is characterized by both inflammatory and non‐inflammatory lesions. Benzoyl peroxide (BPO) 5% is approved to treat acne but may cause skin irritation and/or contact allergy.

Objectives

To compare the benefit in acne of a multitargeted dermocosmetic cream containing salicylic acid, lipohydroxy acid, niacinamide, 2‐oleamido‐1,3‐octadecanediol, piroctone olamine, zinc, Aqua posae filiformis, and thermal spring water (DC‐Eff) to BPO 5% gel.

Materials and Methods

150 Caucasian subjects (50% female) aged between 18 and 40 years, with mild to moderate acne according to the GEA (Global Evaluation of Acne) grading system were randomized into two parallel groups (DC‐Eff or BPO to be applied twice daily for 56 days). IGA (investigator global assessment), GEA, lesion count, clinical signs and symptoms, and subject assessment were evaluated at baseline, and after 28 and 56 days (D28 and D56) of treatment.

Results

The responder analyses of the IGA and GEA scores showed that 62.2% and 47.3%, respectively, in the DC‐Eff, compared with 50.0% and 36.5%, respectively, in the BPO, had improved by at least one point at D56. Inflammatory, non‐inflammatory, and total lesion counts significantly (p < 0.0001) decreased with both products from baseline, with no between‐group difference. Subjects considered that their skin was smoother and that DC‐Eff was easy to apply. DC‐Eff was better tolerated than BPO.

Conclusions

DC‐Eff applied twice daily is as beneficial as BPO in improving mild‐to‐moderate acne. DC‐Eff was better tolerated than BPO and highly appreciated.
Air‐sea carbon dioxide equilibrium: Will it be possible to use seaweeds for carbon removal offsets?
Authors: Hurd C. L. , Gattuso J.‐P. , Boyd P. W.
Published: November 2023

To limit global warming below 2°C by 2100, we must drastically reduce greenhouse gas emissions and additionally remove ~100–900 Gt CO2 from the atmosphere (carbon dioxide removal, CDR) to compensate for unavoidable emissions. Seaweeds (marine macroalgae) naturally grow in coastal regions worldwide where they are crucial for primary production and carbon cycling. They are being considered as a biological method for CDR and for use in carbon trading schemes as offsets. To use seaweeds in carbon trading schemes requires verification that seaweed photosynthesis that fixes CO2 into organic carbon results in CDR, along with the safe and secure storage of the carbon removed from the atmosphere for more than 100 years (sequestration). There is much ongoing research into the magnitude of seaweed carbon storage pools (e.g., as living biomass and as particulate and dissolved organic carbon in sediments and the deep ocean), but these pools do not equate to CDR unless the amount of CO2 removed from the atmosphere as a result of seaweed primary production can be quantified and verified. The draw‐down of atmospheric CO2 into seawater is via air‐sea CO2 equilibrium, which operates on time scales of weeks to years depending upon the ecosystem considered. Here, we explain why quantifying air‐sea CO2 equilibrium and linking this process to seaweed carbon storage pools is the critical step needed to verify CDR by discrete seaweed beds and nearshore and open ocean aquaculture systems prior to their use in carbon trading.
Long‐term outcomes of atrophic/oligotrophic non‐unions in dogs and cats treated with autologous iliac corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation: 19 cases (2014‐2021)
Authors: Camilletti P. , d'Amato M.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To determine the short‐ and long‐term outcomes and complications in dogs and cats undergoing surgical treatment for viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non‐unions using circular external skeletal fixation and autologous corticocancellous bone graft.

Materials and Methods

In this case series, the medical records and radiographs of all dogs and cats with radius/ulna and tibia/fibula viable oligotrophic and nonviable atrophic non‐unions treated with corticocancellous bone graft and circular external skeletal fixation at two referral veterinary hospitals between 2014 and 2021 were retrospectively reviewed. The long‐term follow‐up was 1 year or greater.

Results

Thirteen dogs and six cats with 19 non‐union fractures met the inclusion criteria for the study. Eighteen non‐union fractures (94.7%) healed and one did not. Five patients (26%) had minor perioperative period complications (<3 months). The patient that did not achieve bone union underwent revision surgery with internal fixation (plate and screws) and autologous cancellous bone graft. Fifteen (78.9%) cases returned to full function and three (15.8%) cases returned to acceptable function in the long‐term follow‐up period.

Clinical Significance

The use of circular external skeletal fixation associated with autologous corticocancellous bone graft for the treatment of radius/ulna and tibia/fibula atrophic/oligotrophic non‐union fractures in dogs and cats was considered successful in the majority of patients and was free of major or catastrophic complications.
Molecular typing of a collection of Iranian clinical Trichophyton tonsurans isolates based on the non‐transcribed spacer region of rDNA and antifungal susceptibility testing of the species
Authors: Faeli Leila , Kermani Firoozeh , Rezaei‐Matehkolaei Ali , Ilkit Macit , Valadan Reza , Hosseini Seyed Abdollah , Javidnia Javad , Mayahi Sabah , Shokohi Tahereh , Abastabar Mahdi
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Wrestling, considered the national sport of Iran, has gained immense popularity among Iranians. Wrestlers frequently encounter skin conditions, with dermatophyte fungal infections, particularly tinea gladiatorum (TG), being a common issue. TG, caused by the Trichophyton genus, has emerged as a major health concern for wrestlers and other contact sport athletes worldwide. This study aimed to assess the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton tonsurans isolates responsible for TG in Iranian wrestlers from Mazandaran province, northern Iran.

Materials and Methods

A total of 60 clinical T. tonsurans isolates collected from various cities in Mazandaran, were included in the study. The isolates were identified through PCR‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing methods. Genomic DNA was extracted from these isolates, and the non‐transcribed spacer (NTS) region of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) was targeted for genotyping using newly designed primers. Haplotype analysis was performed to explore genetic diversity, and antifungal susceptibility to terbinafine (TRB) and itraconazole (ITC) was assessed.

Results

The results revealed five distinct NTS types: NTS‐I, NTS‐II, NTS‐III, NTS‐IV and NTS‐V, with NTS‐IV being the most prevalent. The distribution of NTS types varied across different cities, suggesting potential transmission patterns among wrestlers. Antifungal susceptibility testing showed that all isolates were susceptible to TRB, while one isolate demonstrated resistance to ITC. Genotypic diversity was not correlated with antifungal susceptibility, emphasising the importance of monitoring susceptibility to ensure effective treatment. Haplotype analysis highlighted significant genetic diversity among the T. tonsurans isolates. This diversity may be attributed to factors such as human‐to‐human transmission, geographic location and lifestyle changes. The study's findings underscore the need for comprehensive genotypic analysis to understand the epidemiology and evolution of T. tonsurans infections in athletes.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into the genotypic diversity and antifungal susceptibility of T. tonsurans isolates causing TG in Iranian wrestlers. The presence of multiple NTS types and varying susceptibility patterns highlights the complexity of T. tonsurans infections in this population. Further research is warranted to track the transmission routes and genetic evolution of T. tonsurans strains among wrestlers and develop effective control measures.
Roles of swallowing and belching in different phenotypes of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Brand David , Pomenti Sydney , Katzka David A.
Published: November 2023

Background

The contributions of swallowing and belching to specific gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) phenotypes are unclear.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed esophageal pH/impedance studies, comparing reflux events preceded by gastric belching (GB), supragastric belching (SGB), air swallowing, and liquid/solid swallowing based on reflux position, lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, and acid exposure time (AET).

Key Results

20 GERD patients and 10 controls were studied. Upright GERD patients and controls had a higher proportion of reflux events with a preceding swallow or belch (0.64, 0.64) than the supine group (0.38, p = 0.043). The upright group and controls trended toward a higher proportion of reflux events preceded by overall swallowing (0.61, 0.50) and air swallowing (0.55, 0.48) than the supine group (0.32, 0.31 p = 0.064, p = 0.11), but the three groups had similar rates of liquid/solid swallowing (0.032, 0.024, 0.017, p = 0.69). LES pressure did not correlate with reflux events preceded by swallowing (R2 = 0.021, p = 0.44). There was a higher rate of events preceded by gastric belching in the control group (0.14) than in the upright (0.032) and supine groups (0.066, p = 0.049). LES pressure did not correlate with the rate of events preceded by belching (R2 = 0.000093, p = 0.96). Normal AET patients had a higher rate of events preceded by GB (0.12) than those with increased acid exposure (0.030, p = 0.0083), but the two groups had similar rates of preceding air (0.43, 0.47, p = 0.68), liquid/solid (0.018, 0.032, p = 0.30), and overall swallowing (0.44, 0.53, p = 0.38).

Conclusions and Inferences

Swallowing more than belching is a dominant mechanism for reflux irrespective of GERD position, LES pressure, and AET.
Acid‐suppressive medication and incidence of chronic childhood immune‐mediated diseases: A scoping review
Authors: Madej Joanna , Atanassova Tania , McGuire Sarah , Cohen Barrie , Weidner Melissa , Zhang Yingting , Horton Daniel B.
Published: November 2023

Background

Use of acid‐suppressive medications (ASMs), for example, proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs), has been rising along with the incidence of pediatric immune‐mediated diseases (IMDs). We conducted a scoping review to characterize the literature about prenatal or pediatric exposure to ASMs in relation to incident pediatric IMDs.

Methods

Electronic searches were conducted to identify studies from 2001 to 2023 on (a) prenatal or pediatric exposure to PPIs and/or H2RAs and (b) the risk of developing chronic IMDs during childhood. Eligible studies after title/abstract and full‐text screening underwent data abstraction.

Results

Of 26 eligible studies, 11 focused on prenatal ASM exposure and 16 on pediatric exposure. Asthma was the most commonly investigated outcome (16 studies), followed by other allergic diseases (8), eosinophilic esophagitis (3), inflammatory bowel disease (2), and other autoimmune diseases (2). Positive associations between ASM exposure and pediatric IMD outcomes emerged in all but two recent studies, which reported null or negative associations with allergic diseases. The strength of associations was similar across exposure times (prenatal/pediatric), medications (PPIs/H2RAs), and outcomes. Dose–response relationships were often present (7/11 studies). Reported effects by trimester and age of exposure varied. Commonly reported limitations were residual confounding, exposure misclassification, and outcome misclassification.

Conclusion

In summary, prenatal or pediatric exposure to PPIs and/or H2RAs has frequently, but not exclusively, been associated with the development of asthma, other allergic diseases, and chronic gastrointestinal IMDs. However, concerns remain about confounding and other sources of bias. Prescribers and families should be aware of these possible risks of ASMs.
Supplementation of media with gamma‐oryzanol as a novel antioxidant to overcome redox imbalance during bovine oocyte maturation in vitro
Authors: Davoodian Najmeh , Kadivar Ali , Mehrban Hossein
Published: November 2023

This study evaluated the effect of supplementing IVM media with γ‐oryzanol (ORY), a nutraceutical derived from rice bran oil, on the development of bovine oocytes and hindering the compromising effect of redox imbalance. An in vitro model of the bovine cumulus‐oocyte complex was used for the evaluation of nuclear maturation and development. Antioxidant activity was investigated by assessing the level of ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) and GSH (glutathione) in oocytes and quantitative changes in gene expression in matured oocytes and their respective cumulus cells. ORY supplementation increased the proportion of MII oocytes, cleaved embryos, and total blastocysts (p < .05) and was linked to higher and lower levels of intracellular GSH and ROS, respectively (p < .05). The treated oocytes and their respective cumulus‐granulosa cells showed a modulation in the expression of genes related to apoptosis (downregulation of BAX and CHOP) and oxidative stress (upregulation of NRF2, CAT, and SOD). Also, relative upregulation of OCT‐4 and IGF2R in treated oocytes was concomitant with higher subsequent development in terms of cleavage and total blastocyst rates (p < .05). Based on our findings, it appears that ORY supplementation can improve the nuclear maturation and development of bovine oocytes into blastocysts and augment their enzymatic and non‐enzymatic antioxidant systems, maintaining the Redox balance and high enzymatic activity against ROS generation.
Transferring remittances through central banks: A tool applied to the Guatemalan exchange rate
Authors: López‐Marmolejo Arnoldo , Ventosa‐Santaulària Daniel
Published: November 2023

Countries where the volume of remittances received represents a significant proportion of their gross domestic product usually face short‐term pressures on their exchange rates that are unrelated to their economic fundamentals. In this article, we analyze how a remittance payment system involving the central banks of the source and destination countries of such remittances could mitigate the pressures on the exchange rate in the receiving country. To quantify the possible effect of such a system, we make an estimate for the case of Guatemala. We also consider the other benefits this system might provide for recipient economies.
How to… support others in developing a career in clinical education research
Authors: Brown Megan E. L. , Samuriwo Ray , Asif Aqua , Da Silva Ana , Vance Gill , Conn Richard
Published: November 2023

The Incubator for Clinical Education Research (ClinEdR) is a UK‐wide network, established with support from the National Institute for Health Research, to lead initiatives to build capacity in the field. A key barrier identified by this group is that many experienced educators, clinicians, and researchers, who may be committed to supporting others, have little guidance on how best to do this. In this “How to …” paper, we draw on relevant literature and our individual and collective experiences as members of the National Institute for Health Research ClinEdR incubator to offer suggestions on how educators can support others to develop successful careers involving ClinEdR. This article offers guidance and inspiration for all professionals whose role involves research and scholarship and who encounter aspiring or developing clinical education researchers in the course of their work. It will also be of interest to researchers who are starting out and progressing in the field.
“They paged me what?”: A transplant infectious disease guide to donor calls
Authors: Gorsline Chelsea A. , Tyler Robert Sean , Sigler Rachel K. , Wolfe Cameron R. , Harris Courtney E. , Kumar Rebecca N.
Published: November 2023

Donor‐derived infections in solid organ transplantation can be prevented by risk stratification of donors based on available information, and inquiries surrounding possible or diagnosed infection are common questions posed to transplant infectious disease subspecialists. This article outlines the five key steps in addressing a donor call from a transplant team in a systematic approach, focusing on donor and recipient‐specific factors, transmissibility and treatment of possible infections, and the likelihood of a patient's future organ offers and mortality remaining on the waitlist. These principles are then applied to five donor call cases, in which we review the key takeaway points and supporting literature. These cases can be used as a resource for teaching with trainees.

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Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis following human metapneumovirus infection in solid‐organ transplant recipients: Another virus to add to the list
Authors: Ramírez‐Sánchez Isabel Cristina , Diaz‐Sanabria Ricardo Augusto , Alza‐Arcila Jhongert
Published: November 2023

There is increasing recognition that respiratory viral infections such as influenza, respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, adenovirus, and SARS‐CoV‐2 can promote the development of invasive fungal pulmonary coinfections, particularly invasive aspergillosis, both in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. To date, there are no case reports exploring the role of human metapneumovirus as a risk factor for fungal coinfection. Below, we describe the case of a 63‐year‐old woman who received a kidney transplant and developed invasive pulmonary aspergillosis after a human metapneumovirus infection and discuss the possible phenomena that could favor this association
An experimental study of consecutive administration of ropinirole and apomorphine for emesis induction in dogs
Authors: Saloranta Lasse I. , Levijoki Jouko M. , Vuorela Arja M.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To study the safety and effectiveness of consecutively administered ropinirole and apomorphine (both dopamine 2‐like receptor agonists) for emesis induction in dogs.

Design

Prospective, crossover study design.

Setting

Institutional animal research facility.

Animals

Six healthy male purpose‐bred Beagle dogs.

Interventions

Each dog received 4 treatments: (1) apomorphine infusion (21 μg/kg) over 30 minutes + ropinirole eye drops (3.75 mg/m2); (2) ropinirole infusion (108 μg/m2) over 30 minutes + apomorphine SC (100 μg/kg); (3) apomorphine SC (100 μg/kg) + ropinirole eye drops (7.5 mg/m2) after 30 minutes; and (4) ropinirole eye drops (7.5 mg/m2) + apomorphine SC (100 μg/kg) after 30 minutes. Infusions were administered via a catheter instrumented in the cephalic vein. Eye drops and SC injections were administered as described in the product inserts. Blood samples were taken for ropinirole and apomorphine concentration analysis before dosing and periodically following administrations. The washout period between the treatments was 5–7 days.

Measurements and Main Results

Number of vomits and clinical signs were recorded. Alertness and heart rate were monitored in conjunction with blood sampling. The average number of vomits varied between 4.3 and 8.8 (range 1–16) following treatments. Signs of nausea, vomiting, and lethargy were seen in all individuals without significant differences between treatments. Moderate to marked, transient increase in heart rates was detected in all treatments. Infrequent noted side effects included ocular hyperemia, blepharospasms, and muscle tremors. Prior treatment with apomorphine significantly decreased the absorption of ropinirole eye drops.

Conclusions

The safety and efficacy profiles of this experimental study support that ropinirole and apomorphine could be administered consecutively in cases where the treatment using 1 substance has resulted in an incomplete evacuation of the stomach contents, and the attending veterinarian considers the use of a different agent to have benefits that outweigh the risks.
Assessment of novel hybrid treatment wetlands as nature‐based solutions for pharmaceutical industry wastewater treatment
Authors: Al‐Mashaqbeh Othman , Alsalhi Layal , Salaymeh Lana , Lyu Tao
Published: November 2023

This study investigated the use of nature‐based solutions for treating real pharmaceutical industry wastewater in Jordan. A pilot‐scale hybrid treatment wetland (TW) equipped with local zeolite was employed, comprising a tidal flow TW and a horizontal subsurface flow TW. This system was efficient in treating pharmaceutical wastewater with removal efficiencies of 61.4%, 52.6%, 60.1%, and 61.9% for chemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and NH4+‐N, respectively. The final effluent met Jordanian standards for the reuse of treated wastewater in irrigation (Class B). Five pharmaceuticals, namely, enrofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, lincomycin, and trimethoprim, demonstrated nearly completed removal (93.6–99.9%). Moderated removal performances (59.2–68.2%) were observed for two compounds, flumequine and sulfaquinoxaline. However, three pharmaceuticals, namely, carbamazepine, diclofenac, and sulfadimidine, showed limited removal performances (1.1–20.5%). This study supported the feasibility of using nature‐based solutions for treating pharmaceutical wastewater and highlighted that future studies are required to optimize this strategy for removing a broader range of pharmaceuticals.
The Relationships Between Technological Disruption, Role Stress, and Turnover Intention by Journalists During China’s Media Transition Period Mediated by Organizational Commitment
Authors: Xiao Li , Mahamed Mastura , Bidin Rosmiza
Published: November 2023

With the gradual development of Internet technology, it has caused a sense of low organizational commitment for journalists about their profession, whether they are working in television media, radio media, or newspapers. Most empirical studies on employee turnover intention aim to explore the impact of job satisfaction on turnover intention. There is a lack of literature on technical factors contributing to professional insecurity, especially in the context of journalists during the transformation and development of Chinese media. This study examined the association between individual factor constructs (role stress) and organizational commitment to provide more information on the technical, individual, organizational factors and how these three factors affect the turnover intention of journalists in the stage of media transformation and development in China. The results show that there is a negative correlation between career value orientation and turnover intention, and career motivation value orientation, career ideal value orientation and career choice behavior value orientation have an impact on turnover intention.
Digital Transformation of Preservation and Restoration of Ukraine's Cultural Heritage
Authors: Pletsan Khrystyna , Havryliuk Alla , Poberezhets Hanna , Yurova Tetiana , Bilov Vladyslav , Polotnianko Oksana
Published: November 2023

Digital transformation of the preservation and restoration of Ukraine's cultural heritage plays a key role in the national and patriotic education of the people and in ensuring the country's territorial integrity. As a result of the war in Ukraine, a significant number of cultural sites were damaged and destroyed. Therefore, there is a need for their digital registration and further restoration through the use of digital technologies. The article aims to study the principles of digital transformation and possible improvement of the quality of the cultural level in Ukraine and to define the Ukrainian idea through the dissemination of culture, in particular, through educational activities. Given the current trends in the penetration of digital technologies into all spheres of life, their use in the cultural sphere can help boost morale and serve as a tool to combat Russia's expansive cultural rhetoric. The article focuses on the peculiarities of digital transformation, the main means of its implementation, and possible further development. The results of the study indicate the need to use digital technologies as a tool for reconstruction and a means of information protection of the most important cultural sites. The article draws attention to the public administration policy and the problems of financing cultural monuments and objects as the main means for possible further digital transformation. The findings of the study may be useful for further analytical research on the use and implementation of digital transformation of cultural heritage in Ukraine.
Nurses’ experiences and perceptions of unfinished nursing care: a qualitative systematic review protocol
Authors: Yang Li , Zhou Wen , Gao Yan , Wu Taiqin , Zhang Huan , Gan Xiuni
Published: November 2023

Objective:

The aim of this review is to synthesize the findings of qualitative studies about the experiences and perceptions of nurses regarding unfinished nursing care.

Introduction:

The issue of unfinished nursing care is a widespread challenge globally, causing detrimental effects to both patients and health care practitioners. Despite its prevalence, there is a dearth of qualitative evidence synthesis summarizing the reasons for unfinished nursing care, as well as the experiences of nurses.

Inclusion criteria:

This review will include studies exploring registered nurses’ and nurse managers’ experiences and perceptions of unfinished nursing care, utilizing qualitative methods. Our approach to qualitative methodology will be unrestricted, allowing for various designs, such as phenomenology, ethnography, grounded theory, action research, and feminist research. Only articles published in English or Chinese from 2001 onward will be included.

Methods:

Our search will encompass the following electronic databases for published and unpublished literature: MEDLINE (PubMed), PsycINFO (APA PsycNET), CINAHL (EBSCOhost), Web of Science, Embase, ScienceDirect, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, GreyNet International, Google Scholar, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedicine Literature Database (CBM). To ensure thoroughness, manual searches of reference lists and citations of included studies will also be conducted. Two reviewers will extract relevant information, and quality validation will be conducted using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for qualitative research. Similar findings will be categorized through meta-aggregation to establish synthesized findings. Finally, each synthesized finding will be graded according to the JBI ConQual approach.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42022368041
Mitochondrial phosphagen kinases support the volatile power demands of motor nerve terminals
Authors: Justs Karlis A. , Sempertegui Sergio , Riboul Danielle V. , Oliva Carlos D. , Durbin Ryan J. , Crill Sarah , Stawarski Michal , Su Chenchen , Renden Robert B. , Fily Yaouen , Macleod Gregory T.
Published: November 2023

Motor neurons are the longest neurons in the body, with axon terminals separated from the soma by as much as a meter. These terminals are largely autonomous with regard to their bioenergetic metabolism and must burn energy at a high rate to sustain muscle contraction. Here, through computer simulation and drawing on previously published empirical data, we determined that motor neuron terminals in Drosophila larvae experience highly volatile power demands. It might not be surprising then, that we discovered the mitochondria in the motor neuron terminals of both Drosophila and mice to be heavily decorated with phosphagen kinases ‐ a key element in an energy storage and buffering system well‐characterized in fast‐twitch muscle fibres. Knockdown of arginine kinase 1 (ArgK1) in Drosophila larval motor neurons led to several bioenergetic deficits, including mitochondrial matrix acidification and a faster decline in the cytosol ATP to ADP ratio during axon burst firing.

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Key points

Neurons commonly fire in bursts imposing highly volatile demands on the bioenergetic machinery that generates ATP.

Using a computational approach, we built profiles of presynaptic power demand at the level of single action potentials, as well as the transition from rest to sustained activity.

Phosphagen systems are known to buffer ATP levels in muscles and we demonstrate that phosphagen kinases, which support such phosphagen systems, also localize to mitochondria in motor nerve terminals of fruit flies and mice.

By knocking down phosphagen kinases in fruit fly motor nerve terminals, and using fluorescent reporters of the ATP:ADP ratio, lactate, pH and Ca2+, we demonstrate a role for phosphagen kinases in stabilizing presynaptic ATP levels.

These data indicate that the maintenance of phosphagen systems in motor neurons, and not just muscle, could be a beneficial initiative in sustaining musculoskeletal health and performance.
A Review of Prospects and Opportunities in Disassembly With Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Lee Meng-Lun , Liang Xiao , Hu Boyi , Onel Gulcan , Behdad Sara , Zheng Minghui
Published: November 2023

Product disassembly plays a crucial role in the recycling, remanufacturing, and reuse of end-of-use (EoU) products. However, the current manual disassembly process is inefficient due to the complexity and variation of EoU products. While fully automating disassembly is not economically viable given the intricate nature of the task, there is potential in using human–robot collaboration (HRC) to enhance disassembly operations. HRC combines the flexibility and problem-solving abilities of humans with the precise repetition and handling of unsafe tasks by robots. Nevertheless, numerous challenges persist in technology, human workers, and remanufacturing work, which require comprehensive multidisciplinary research to address critical gaps. These challenges have motivated the authors to provide a detailed discussion on the opportunities and obstacles associated with introducing HRC to disassembly. In this regard, the authors have conducted a review of the recent progress in HRC disassembly and present the insights gained from this analysis from three distinct perspectives: technology, workers, and work.
Data-Driven Discovery of Lithium-Ion Battery State of Charge Dynamics
Authors: Rodriguez Renato , Ahmadzadeh Omidreza , Wang Yan , Soudbakhsh Damoon
Published: November 2023

We present a physics-inspired input/output predictor of lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) for online state-of-charge (SOC) prediction. The complex electrochemical behavior of batteries results in nonlinear and high-dimensional dynamics. Accurate SOC prediction is paramount for increased performance, improved operational safety, and extended longevity of LiBs. The battery's internal parameters are cell-dependent and change with operating conditions and battery health variations. We present a data-driven solution to discover governing equations pertaining to SOC dynamics from battery operando measurements. Our approach relaxes the need for detailed knowledge of the battery's composition while maintaining prediction fidelity. The predictor consists of a library of candidate terms and a set of coefficients found via a sparsity-promoting algorithm. The library was enhanced with explicit physics-inspired terms to improve the predictor's interpretability and generalizability. Further, we developed a Monte Carlo search of additional nonlinear terms to efficiently explore the high-dimensional search space and improve the characterization of highly nonlinear behaviors. Also, we developed a hyperparameter autotuning approach for identifying optimal coefficients that balance accuracy and complexity. The resulting SOC predictor achieved high predictive performance scores (RMSE) of 2.2×10−6 and 4.8×10−4, respectively, for training and validation on experimental results corresponding to a stochastic drive cycle. Furthermore, the predictor achieved an RMSE of 8.5×10−4 on unseen battery measurements corresponding to the standard US06 drive cycle, further showcasing the adaptability of the predictor and the enhanced modeling approach to new conditions.
A Digital Twin–Based Environment-Adaptive Assignment Method for Human–Robot Collaboration
Authors: Ma Xin , Qi Qinglin , Tao Fei
Published: November 2023

Human–robot collaboration, which strives to combine the best skills of humans and robots, has shown board application prospects in meeting safe–effective–flexible requirements in various fields. The ideation of much closer interaction between humans and robots has greatly developed the exploration of digital twin to enhance collaboration. By offering high-fidelity models and real-time physical–virtual interaction, the digital twin enables to achieve an accurate reflection of the physical scenario, including not only human–robot conditions but also environmental changes. However, the appearance of unpredictable events may cause an inconsistency between the established schedule and actual execution. To cope with this issue, an environment-adaptive assignment method based on digital twin for human–robot collaboration is formed in this study. The proposed approach consists of a factor–event–act mechanism that analyzes the dynamic events and their impacts from both internal and external perspectives of digital twin and a genetic algorithm–based assignment algorithm to respond to them. Experiments are carried out in the last part, aiming to show the feasibility of the proposed method.