bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Grey Prediction of CBN Grinding Process
Authors: Chiu Neng-Hsin ,   National Kaohsiung First University of Science and Technology, No2 Jhuoyue Rd., Nanzih, Kaohsiung City, 881, Taiwan, R.O.C, Lee Jie-Wei
Published: April 2016

Surface grinding is a machining process with unstable quality which is usually deteriorated as the process proceeds. If grinding can be forecast to alarm before unsatisfactory, the process could be controlled better. The purpose of this paper is to construct a grey model for CBN grinding based upon acoustic emission (AE) energy extracted from the AE grinding signal to reflect ground roughness variation. A grey model from the conducted experiment was found to be well correlated with the grinding trends. The prediction accuracy, inor out- of- sample, exceeds 90%, making grey prediction suitable for prognostic monitoring of grinding.
Tip Growing Actuator with the Hose-Like Structure Aiming for Inspection on Narrow Terrain
Authors: Tsukagoshi Hideyuki ,   Tokyo Institute of Technology, S5-19, 2-12-1 Ohokayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Arai Nobuyuki , Kiryu Ichiro , Kitagawa Ato
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a flexible hose-like fluid actuator to inspect narrow curved or bumpy terrain. The tip alone moves forward and the rest remains stationary, enabling the actuator to move smoothly without interfering with the outer environment – a concept based on the plant growth process. The actuator consists of multiple flexible flat tubes bent in the skin, whose bending point is involved in preventing fluid from passing through. The actuator can also steer the direction in which the tip lengthens, while the shape of the rest remains unchanged. Our Grow-hose-I prototype is 62 mm in diameter and grows at a maximum speed of 500 mm/s while producing a 45 N drive. The way of carrying a head unit equipped with a camera is discussed and feasibility of the actuator’s inspection on narrow terrain is demonstrated.
A Knowledge-Based Model for Capturing and Managing the Knowledge of CNC Operators for Integrating CAM-CNC Operation
Authors: Sakarinto Wikan ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada, Kobe, Hyogo 657-8501, Japan, Narazaki Hiroshi , Shirase Keiichi ,   Production Systems Laboratory, Kobe Steel, Ltd., 5-5 Takatsukadai 1-chome, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2271, Japan
Published: April 2016

This study is aimed at filling the gap between CAM and CNC operations. The problem is important in practice but has been rarely addressed in the resarch community. In practice, the machining parameters designed by a CAM operator are not always applicable to the machining process by a CNC operator due to several reasons such as tool wear, in-availability, inefficiency, etc. This is mainly due to the discrepancy of knowledge between CAM and CNC operators. To deal with this situation, this study proposes a knowledgebased model for capturing the know-how of CNC operators in the assessment of the product data (CAM files) produced by CAM operators. The assessment determines whether the designed machining parameters are appropriate or not before proceeding further to the machining process. This assessment is the main process where the know-how of a CNC operator is actualized. Based on the data extracted from CAM files, this study discusses a method that captures the knowledge of CNC operators in the process of an assessment. In this work, the discussion is focused on common CNC milling operations.
Hybrid Control for Machine Tool Table Applying Sensorless Cutting Force Monitoring
Authors: Takei Masaya ,   School of Integrated Design Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, Kurihara Daisuke , Katsura Seiichiro , Kakinuma Yasuhiro ,   Department of System Design Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University
Published: April 2016

Accurate monitoring and adaptive control to maintain optimum machining conditions are required for intelligent machine tools. Methods using additional sensors have been studied to add these functions to machine tools; however, incorporating additional sensors leads to higher production costs and reductions in mechanical stiffness. In the present study, a sensorless method of monitoring cutting force that utilizes the current signal and the second-order derivative of position is developed. Moreover, applying sensorless cutting force monitoring, a hybrid control method is proposed in which the sensorless monitoring is used to simultaneously control both the position trajectory and cutting force in the feed direction.
Ink Droplet Position Compensation Based on Extended State Observer
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang ,   Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design (Xidian University), Ministry of Education, 2 South Taibai Road, Xi’an, China, Huang Jin
Published: April 2016

The parabolic droplet trajectory in inkjet printing causes errors between actual position and expected positioning, deteriorating printing quality in highspeed printing. To improve printing quality and increase printing speed, an accurate firing time estimation method is proposed to compensate the droplet position error. A speed estimator based on the extended state observer is designed to estimate carriage speed on-line, based on which, the exact firing time for droplet position compensation is calculated. Simulation result shows the effectiveness of carriage velocity estimation, and experimental results show that the printing quality is markedly improved.
A Compressed Annealing Approach with Pre-Process for the Asymmetric Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows
Authors: Mizogaki Tadanobu ,   Mori Seiki Co. Ltd., Sugi Masao , Yamamoto Masashi , Nagai Hidetoshi , Shiomi Yusuke , Ota Jun ,   The University of Electro-Communications,   NS Solutions Corporation,   The University of Tokyo
Published: April 2016

This paper proposes a method of rapidly finding a feasible solution to the asymmetric traveling salesman problem with time windows (ATSP-TW). ATSP-TW is a problem that involves determining the route with the minimum travel cost for visiting n cities one time each with time window constraints (the period of time in which the city must be visited is constrained). “Asymmetrical” denotes a difference between the cost of outbound and return trips. For such a combinatorial optimization problem with constraints, we propose a method that combines a pre-process based on the insertion method with metaheuristics called “the compressed annealing approach.” In an experiment using a 3-GHz computer, our method derives a feasible solution that satisfies the time window constraints for all of up to about 300 cities at an average of about 1/7 the computing time of existing methods, an average computing time of 0.57 seconds, and a maximum computing time of 9.40 seconds.
Design of a Six Degree-of-Freedom Tripod Parallel Mechanism for Flight Simulators
Authors: Shiga Yuichi ,   Faculty of Engineering and Design, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyodaku, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan, Tanaka Yutaka , Goto Hiroyuki , Takeda Hiroshi ,   Technical Research Institute, Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, 1-1-12 Hachiman-cho, Higashikurume-shi, Tokyo 203-0042, Japan
Published: April 2016

Flight training simulators serve to reduce in-flight activities related to training and research, preserving fuel, decreasing aircraft operating costs, and minimizing noise pollution. In terms of worldwide market forecast for commercial air transport, the market share of the Asia / Pacific region will increase from its current 25% growth to 30%, and the largest market will be mid-range jets. In this paper, a rotational type of tripod parallel mechanism with a large workspace and a small installation area for a motion platform of a new flight simulator is proposed and designed. The proposed parallel mechanism has three legs rotating on the ground. Each leg supporting the motion platform changes its turning radius on the base frame. Three sliding and rotating motions realize six degrees of freedom for the motion platform. In order to evaluate the movements of the mechanism, a virtual motion simulator to calculate the movements of the mechanism and to analyze the performance of the workspace through repeated calculations is developed. The analytical results show that the developed rotational type of the tripod parallel mechanism has a larger motion space and tilt angles than dose the conventional Stewart-Gough platform parallel mechanism for flight simulators.
Clearance Adjustable Impact Damper for Flexure Mechanism
Authors: Henmi Nobuhiko ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, 4-17-1 Wakasato, Nagano 380-8553, Japan, Sumi Yuta
Published: April 2016

An impact damper dissipates energy from mechanical vibration by making use of collision energy rather than viscous and frictional forces. It works successfully without scarifying the merits given by a frictionless flexure guide or mechanism. In the past, the authors investigated the dynamic vibrational behaviors of a displacement amplification mechanism by using two types of impact damper, namely, loading- and external-type impact damper, for showing the effectiveness of employing impact dampers for the vibration control of a flexure mechanism. In conclusions, the initial setting for the clearance between an impactor and object is very dominant and very sensitive to the damping performance. In this study, the authors have developed an impact damper which can adjust the clearance between the impactor and object by means of a piezoelectric bimorph actuator. With the ability to adjust the clearance, we have accurately examined the influential results from various contributing factors, for example, the natural frequency ratio between the damper and displacement amplification mechanism, better than the results for a normal impact damper. It is clarified that a large impactor mass gives a short settling time under the same frequency ratio and that a slightly smaller value than 0.5 is the best value for the frequency ratio. Finally, we have also studied not only the open-loop performance but also the closed-loop performance of the system. The damper can work in both open-loop and closed-loop system, but is more remarkable for an open-loop system.
The Development of an Autonomous Robot System for Patrolling in Multi-Floor Structured Environment
Authors: He Tao ,   Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 2-12-1 Ookayama, Meguro-Ku, Tokyo 152-8552, Japan, Bando Masashi , Guarnieri Michele , Hirose Shigeo ,   HiBot Corporation,   Super Mechano-System Innovation and Development Center
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces the design methods and organization of an automation robot system developed for security purpose. The unique roller wheel design makes the platform suited for stair climbing while still achieving a stable movement on a flat ground. The robot also features a localization scheme which is based on the observation of the ceiling and therefore can work properly in a highly dynamic environment. A collision avoidance system and an inspection system are proposed for realizing the autonomous surveillance application. Different experiments were carried out and the results confirmed the system’s robustness for patrolling inside multi-floor structured environment.
Special Issue on Machine Tool Evaluation
Authors: Matsubara Atsushi
Published: April 2016

With machine tools evolving with the hardware and control whose dramatic advances are expanding the field, requirements for performance have grown tougher. These have made it more complicated to design, produce, and maintain machine tool systems. This has also ensured that performance evaluation and prediction technology play an increasingly important and active role in these areas. This special issue on machine tool evaluation should prove especially interesting to researchers and engineers engaged in the enhancement of accuracy, efficiency, and versatility in machine tool systems, including the important disciplines of tooling and cutting tools. The topics that are covered in this special issue include – but are not limited to – the metrology of machine tools, the identification of kinematic errors through machine tool geometry, the evaluation of thermal deformation, the dynamic analysis of machine tools, the evaluation of spindle stiffness, and cutting-edge monitoring technology. All of these provide advanced knowledge concerning that state-of-the-art of technology required to ensure that machine tool design continues to remain innovative. I would like to close here by expressing my sincere appreciation to all those who have worked to make this issue interesting and informative. My special thanks go to the authors of the featured articles and to the reviewers whose invaluable efforts have made this publication possible.
High Precision Tool Cutting Edge Monitoring Using Laser Diffraction for On-Machine Measurement
Authors: Khajornrungruang Panart ,   School of Computer Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Kimura Keiichi , Takaya Yasuhiro , Suzuki Keisuke ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita-shi, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
Published: April 2016

The Far-field laser diffraction is proposed for measuring tool cutting-edges geometry with sub-micrometer precision. In particular, by eliciting an optical diffraction phenomenon, the cutting-edge of the tool can be monitored without a diffraction limit. This method can also be applied for on-machine measurements because of the simplicity and long working distance of the optical system; high precision can be achieved by using a laser light and there is no need for a vacuum environment. In this study, an on-machine tool measurement device using laser diffraction was developed to experimentally measure tool displacements of order of hundreds of nanometers; a piezo-drive stage was also used. Measurements of the cutting-edge curve of a ball endmill and a tool cutting-edge tolerance were also experimentally monitored.
An Optimization Method for Critical Chain Scheduling Toward Project Greenality
Authors: Morita Daisuke ,   Graduate School of Setsunan University, 17-8 Ikeda-naka-machi, Neyagawa, Osaka 572-8508, Japan, Suwa Haruhiko
Published: April 2016

The concept of green manufacturing has influenced many projects and their progress in manufacturing. In practice, projects in manufacturing should be monitored and controlled from the viewpoint ofgreenality, which is the degree to which a project or an organization has taken into account the sustainability and environmental requirements that influence the target project during its execution. This paper deals critical chain project scheduling, which addresses greenality to encourage the efficient use of resources required for the project. Results of computational simulation demonstrate the applicability and effectiveness of the proposed scheduling method.
Multi-Angle Bending Machine for Creating High Luminance Efficiency LED Module with Diversified Light Distribution Curve
Authors: Lin Chung-Yi ,   Graduate Institute of Automation and Control, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, #43, Sec.4, Keelung Rd., Taipei, 106, Taiwan, R.O.C., Pan Tung-Cheng , Peng Yao-Chi , Ko Cheng-Hao , Hong Rong-Mou , Lin Jian-Shian ,   Mechanical and Systems Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, No.195, Sec.4, Chung Hsing Rd., Chutung, Hsinchu, 31040, Taiwan, R.O.C.,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Ching Yun University, No.229, Jianxing Rd., Zhongli City, Taoyuan County. 320, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Published: April 2016

In this paper, a bending machine for tuning the optical design of an LED module is proposed. The tuning is done by changing, with the help of an automatic control program, the angle at which each package on a given module is bent. The distribution of luminous intensity can be controlled by adjusting the light emission path, which in turn can be implemented by changing the angles of individual LED packages on the module. The proposed machine is capable of bending packages to specified angles with less than 0.1° of error. Three-dimensional light distribution for bent package LED modules is also studied, based on various application scenarios, so that each scenario can have a diversified luminous intensity distribution, resulting in higher uniformity and better quality luminance. The machine has several advantages, including quick bending, high accuracy, and great customizability. With these advantages, the machine meets the requirements of automatic mold forming.
Energy Saving for Gantry-Type Feed Drives by Synchronous and Contouring Control
Authors: Uchiyama Naoki ,   Toyohashi University of Technology, 1-1 Hibarigaoka, Tempaku, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan, Ogawa Yuki , Sano Shigenori
Published: April 2016

Because feed drives are widely used day and night in industrial applications such as machine tools and coordinated measuring machines all over the world, not only high-speed and high-precision control but also consumed energy saving is required. This paper presents a controller design to reduce consumed energy for gantry-type feed drives that consist of two linear actuators placed in parallel and one linear actuator placed perpendicular to the two parallel actuators. The proposed design is based on synchronous and contouring controllers. The synchronous controller has been studied for reducing synchronous error between two parallel actuators that causes significant mechanical damage, and the contouring controller has been developed for improving contouring performance, especially in machining applications. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed controller, which reduces consumed electrical energy by about 10%.
Audio-Tactile Feedback Mechanisms for Multi-Touch HMI Panels of Production Engineering Systems
Authors: Brecher Christian ,   Machine Tool Laboratory, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstr. 19, 52074 Aachen, Germany, Kolster Daniel , Herfs Werner
Published: April 2016

Over the last decade, touch screen interaction has been gaining wide acceptance in information technology and daily consumer products. Accordingly, first approaches to applications and devices for production engineering systems are now entering the market. Although they employ intuitive user concepts, touch screens for industrial HMI panels still lack haptic feedback. Since operators observes the machining process and machine handling is often done blind, false handling or wrong input signalsmay damagemachines or injure human workers. With this in mind, this paper presents a haptic feedback mechanism for touch-based interaction. A user evaluation performed on the developed system unveils increasing input security and thus an enhanced user experience.
Using Intermittently Operated Oil Hydraulic Pump Unit with Accumulator to Save Energy
Authors: Sugimura Ken ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Tokyo City University, 1-28-1 Tamazutsumi, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo 158-8557, Japan, Suzuki Katsumasa
Published: April 2016

Efforts to save energy have been made in a number of fields due to a shortage of energy resources, such as oil, and a need to protect the earth’s environment. In the field of hydraulics, energy saving pump units are very important because of the energy they consume. At present, a variable displacement-type hydraulic pump units (VD pump unit) and inverter control-type pump units (INV pump unit) are widely used. In this paper, the authors propose using an intermittently operated pump unit coupled with an accumulator (ACC pump unit). First, the electric power consumption, pump output pressure, rotation speed, and efficiency of three types pump units are measured when the same work is done using a modeled machine tool. Next, the load is abstracted to clarify the general characteristics of intermittent work, and the electric power consumption and efficiency of each pump unit are measured. Finally, the static characteristics of each pump unit are measured, and it is verified that the ACC pump unit saves the most energy.
3D Tube Forming and Applications of a New Bending Machine with Hydraulic Parallel Kinematics
Authors: Goto Hiroyuki ,   Technical Research Institute, Japan Society for the Promotion of Machine Industry, 1-1-12 Hachiman-cho, Higashikurume-shi, Tokyo 203-0042, Japan, Tanaka Yutaka , Ichiryu Ken ,   Faculty of Engineering & Design, Hosei University, 2-17-1 Fujimi, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8160, Japan,   Kikuchi Seisakusho Co., Ltd., 2161 Miyama-cho, Hachioji-shi, Tokyo 192-0152, Japan
Published: April 2016

This research presents a new versatile bending machine and its practical applications. The proposed machine uses a new method. When tubes are fed into the fixed and mobile dies, they are bent by shifting the relative position of the mobile die. The bending radius is controlled by the relative distance and orientation between the mobile die and the tube. The bending angle is controlled by the length of the fed tube. This forming process has a big advantage. A change in the expected bending shape will need no change in the tooling system but only a new definition of the motion of the active die and the length of the fed tube. Active die movements are controlled by a 6-DOF Parallel KinematicsMechanism (PKM) with a hydraulic servo drive. Making use of the hydraulic PKM serves not only to achieve a complete motion along six axes but also to obtain the high dynamic motion of the bending machine. Application examples show that the bending machine can be applied to a designer’s furniture and universal designed products. Until now, these processes have been difficult to achieve using a conventional bending machine.
Development of Hybrid Hydraulic Excavators
Authors: Inoue Hiroaki ,   System Test Group, Test Engineering Center, Development Division, Komatsu Ltd., 3-25-1 Shinomiya, Hiratsuka-shi, Kanagawa 254-8555, Japan, Yoshida Hiroshi ,   Environmental Innovation Group, Construction Equipment Technical Center 1, Development Division, Komatsu Ltd., 3-1-1 Ueno, Hirakata-shi, Osaka 573-1011, Japan
Published: April 2016

More than 90% of the CO2 emissions in the lifecycle of machinery, from production to scrapping, are caused by its fuel consumption at the time of operation, and any decrease in fuel consumption is directly linked to a decrease in greenhouse gas emissions. For this reason, we have developed a hybrid systemfor a hydraulic excavator – construction machinery with the highest number in use in Japan. This system uses an electric motor for the revolving upper structure and regenerates, using a capacitor, energy hitherto released as heat when braking. Sales of the 20 ton class hydraulic excavator PC200-8E0 started in 2008 [1]. We confirmed an average decrease of 25% in fuel consumption using data from an on-board vehicle management system. This corresponds to a 20 ton decrease in CO2 emissions per vehicle per year. For further popularization of hybrid excavators, we updated the hybrid components in late 2010 and carried out a full model change. This is presented below in greater detail.
The Influence Capitalize of Properties Improvement for Reinforced Plastics by Resin Flow Control Molding Method
Authors: Mori Naoki ,   Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Gondou Kiyohito , Shimada Kohei , Kitamura Takahiro , Tsubouchi Masatoshi , Koresawa Hiroshi , Narahara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

We are now engaged in the study on a resin flow control molding method in which molecules and fillers are positively oriented by displacing resin flows in the mold. We intend to confirm that the resin flow control molding method can properly control the orientation of fibers in glass fiber reinforced polypropylene moldings. We have also attempted to improve physical properties of poly-lactic acid molded by the resin flow control molding method. We have directly observed the process of filling resins into a glass-inserted mold to prove effectiveness of the resin flow control molding method.
Improving the Properties of Reinforced Plastics Using the Resin Flow Control Method of Molding - Evaluation of Sealing Performance of Molded Plastic Parts -
Authors: Mori Naoki ,   Kyushu Institute of Technology, 680-4 Kawazu, Iizuka-shi, Fukuoka 820-8502, Japan, Tsubouchi Masatoshi , Gondou Kiyohito , Shimada Kohei , Kitamura Takahiro , Koresawa Hiroshi , Narahara Hiroyuki , Suzuki Hiroshi
Published: April 2016

We are now engaged in the study of a resin flow control method of molding to positively orient molecules or fillers by displacing resin flows in the mold. This method has proved effective for improving the physical properties of glass fiber reinforced polypropylene molding. This study is aimed at improving the sealing performance of polypropylene containers by circumferentially controlling resin flows in the mold to reduce free volumes. In this paper, we evaluate the sealing performance of such molding in relation to different rotational speeds of the rotational core in the mold.
Repeated Positioning of a Pneumatic Cylinder with Enhancing Use of Proximity Switches
Authors: Mustaffa Mohammad Taufiq ,   Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi 400-8511, Japan, Ohuchi Hidetoshi
Published: April 2016

This paper introduces a technique employing repeated intermediate positionings, which are controlled by sequential on-off actions of solenoid valves, of a pneumatic cylinder. The motion of the piston slider is detected by several proximity switches instead of sophisticated position sensors, which are commonly used in motion control. The designed control system is constructed without a feedback control loop; it operates with only minimal information from the switch signals. We study the precision performance, under various loading conditions, of a pneumatic cylinder enhanced by the use of proximity switches. The repeatability of the system is experimentally found to be on the order of 0.2 mm. This technique will greatly extend the field of application of pneumatic cylinders on automated production lines.
Computer-Aided Operation Planning for an Actual Machine Tool Based on Updatable Machining Database and Database-Oriented Planning Algorithm
Authors: Igari Shinji ,   Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University, N14W9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0814, Japan, Tanaka Fumiki , Onosato Masahiko
Published: April 2016

To generate optimal machining information, a machining database and operation planning algorithm have to be customized for an actualmachine tool based on the knowledge of a skilled planner. In this paper, a method to update a machining database from NC data is proposed. The database is updated by adding machining information extracted fromNC data, based on tool path analysis. A method of generating a database-oriented planning algorithm from the machining database based on a decision tree method is also proposed. Machining strategy, cutting tool, and cutting conditions are determined based on the algorithm and k nearest neighbor method.
Analysis of Measurement Errors of a Diffuse-Reflection-Type Laser Displacement Sensor for Profile Measurement
Authors: Kimura Yoshihiro ,   Department of Micro Engineering, Kyoto University, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan, Matsubara Atsushi , Koike Yusuke
Published: April 2016

In this paper, the measurement error of a diffusereflection-type laser displacement sensor is analyzed for profile measurement. Multi-reflection error is predicted by a simple-beam-tracking simulation. Based on the simulation results, the measurement range of a laser displacement sensor is tuned, and multireflection error is reduced. Then, measurement errors in the experimental measurement of a small die are evaluated.
Analysis of 3 Dimensional Micro Plastic Deformation Phenomenon Using Indentation Method
Authors: Uehara Yoshitaka ,   Advanced Material Lab., NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD., 1 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka-shi, Kanagawa 237-8523, Japan, Ota Minoru , Nanbu Toshikazu ,   Mechanical and System Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto-shi, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
Published: April 2016

Recently, there are demands for reduction of friction in the engine and transmission parts, in order to improve fuel efficiency. One way to reduce friction of sliding surfaces is by reduction of viscous resistance of oil film due to controlled micrometer scale surface texture. In this study, an indentation experiment using diamond tools was performed, and the basic plastic deformation phenomenon seen in 3D micro-nano forming are discussed in detail. It was found that the geometry of the tool tip has a large influence on the material’s deformation phenomenon near the tool’s edge plane.
Special Issue on Process Simulation
Authors: Matsumura Takashi
Published: April 2016

High production rates and low costs in manufacturing process should be considered in the manufacturing design divisions. Process simulation, therefore, plays an important role in implementing high performance manufacturing. Simulation is expected to improve the manufacturing processes and the human activities without production faults and downtime of the manufacturing facilities. The production simulation has become diversified with requirements for the manufacturing processes. Then, the effective use of the simulation is also an important issue for the simulation users considering investment returns. Recently advanced materials have been applied to products with developments in material science. The machining systems have also become complicated with progress in the machine tools. Therefore, the process simulations should be developed in terms of materials and machine tools. This special issue includes 9 papers for providing innovative approaches to advanced modeling and simulations in manufacturing technologies and machine tool systems. The special issue also includes discussions in the simulation with the advanced materials for future manufacturing processes. I thank the authors for their generous cooperation and the editing staff for its many contributions.
Basic Study on Laser Forming of Curved Surfaces with Simulation
Authors: Kishida Keisuke ,   Department of System Design Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kohoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan, Nakamura Toshihiko , Aoyama Hideki , Matsushita Naohisa , Ushimaru Akihiko ,   Fujitsu Limited, 4-1-1 Kamikodana, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki 211-8588, Japan
Published: April 2016

Laser forming is a technology that produces plastic deformations in sheet materials by generating local heat stress. It is useful for prototype or small-quantity production because it does not require dies or molds. Although many studies on laser forming have been done, few have been on forming curved shapes. This paper deals with a method for generating the scanning paths and determining the scanning conditions for laser forming of a curved shape. The scanning paths are derived as the maximum and minimum curvature lines. Since the two curvature lines are orthogonal, they don’t affect each other in forming. The scanning speed is decided by an approximation equation derived from experiment and FEM analysis according to the angle of the bend at the irradiation point. The effectiveness of the scanning paths and the scanning speed determined by the proposed method are confirmed through experiments.
Blowhole Generation Phenomenon and Quality Improvement in GMAW of Galvanized Steel Sheet
Authors: Izutani Shun ,   KOBE STEEL,LTD.Welding Business, 100-1 Miyamae, Fujisawa, Kanagawa, Yamazaki Kei , Suzuki Reiichi , Ueda Yuji , Nakamura Kazuki , Uezono Toshiro ,   DAIHEN Corporation, Welding & Mechatronics Company, 4-1 Koyocho-nishi, Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyogo
Published: April 2016

In the automotive industry, galvanized steel sheets have been applied for quality improvement. However, it has a problem of the weldability debasement by porosity defect (blowhole, pit) and spatter increase. In this study, the blowhole generating behavior which was not clarified until now has been observed by the high-intensity X-ray imaging apparatus. And the method to make reduce both of the porosity defects and the spatter has been examined. In the result, the measure was effective that the porosity defect is released as zinc vapor from just under the arc to outside of the molten pool. Based on this knowledge, a solution to problem was accomplished by optimizing (a) composition and size of welding wire, (b) shielding gas composition and (c) current pulse wave pattern.
Flexible Multi-Layered Dynamic Supply Chain Models with Cooperative Negotiation
Authors: Tanimizu Yoshitaka ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan, Ozawa Chisato , Shimizu Yusuke , Orita Buntaro , Iwamura Koji , Sugimura Nobuhiro
Published: April 2016

Supply chain management has been investigated for the configuring and controlling of material and information flows among different organizations. The trend has been toward even more flexible or dynamic supply chains to find suitable business partners and enter into profitable contracts. Previous studies have proposed a two-layered supply chain model consisting of two kinds of organization: clients and suppliers. This study proposes a new model representing multi-layered dynamic supply chains and a negotiation protocol in multi-layered organizations. The organizations in the middle-layers generate both orders of parts for suppliers and offers of products for clients. Production schedules in the middle-layers continue to be modified after orders are sent to suppliers. Suppliers simultaneously generate and modify sets of production schedules for individual orders to find the most profitable order of all. The effectiveness of the model and the negotiation protocol is evaluated through computational experiments.
Development of a Non-Contact Focusing Probe for the Measurement of Micro Cavities
Authors: Fan Kuang-Chao ,   School of Instrument Science and Opto-Electronic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, 193 Tunxi Rd, Hefei, 230009, China, Zhang Ke , Zhang You-Liang , Zhang Qing ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
Published: April 2016

The measurement of microcavities is a challenging task if the cavity is smaller than the diameter of the micro touch-trigger probe. This paper presents a noncontact method using a blue-ray DVD pickup head as the sensor. It is based on a focusing principle holding that reflected light intensity is maximal when the tested surface is at the focus point of the probe. When a focused beam scans the edge of the cavity, reflected light intensity is gradually reduced. Theoretical analysis is used to derive the light intensity equation for when the focused beam is passing along the edge. Experimental tests of the developed probe were carried out in association with a nanopositioning stage. The edge position is obtained up to a resolution of 1 nm and a standard deviation of about 30 nm. This performance is beyond the diffraction limit of optical microscopes.
Planeness Measurement of Computer Harddisk Surface Based on Opto-Mechatronics Technology
Authors: Tang Rui-Yin ,   State Key Laboratory of Precision Measuring Technology and Instruments, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, P.R.China, Zeng Zhou-Mo , He Hong-Kun , Chen Zhi-Kun ,   College of Electrical Engineering, Hebei United University, 46 Xinhua Road, Tangshan, China
Published: April 2016

This paper presents a novel method based on optomechatronics for highly accurately detecting the planeness of computer hard-disk surfaces. This article introduces the detailed design of the system, which includes four modules: the optic-electric detection module, the 2-dimensional mechanic platform, the motion control module and the human-machine interaction module. Results show that the system has merits like non-contact, high accuracy, flexible and reliable control and high efficiency. The system has been applied successfully at a foreign-funded enterprise in Singapore.
Special Issue on M4 Processes Micro/Meso Mechanical Manufacturing
Authors: Yoshimoto Shigeka , Tanaka Toshiharu
Published: April 2016

Highly complex nonsilicon submillimeter microparts such as glass waveguides, microlens arrays and holographic optical elements are coming increasingly into demand. These microparts feature such divergent properties as high hardness, high brittleness and high melting point. Despite the introduction of special technologies such as lithography and components such as lasers and electron beams, these unique properties make them particularly difficult to machine – and this comes at a time when micro manufacturing must provide processes that are maximally effective and efficient while remaining minimally expensive at the same time. These requirements call for innovations in mechanical manufacturing technologies that enable them to realize microfabrication, and these in turn require the discovery and implementation of such new processing principles as M4 – micro/meso mechanical manufacturing. These techniques are now at the frontier of manufacturing technology. The objective of this special issue is to address the latest in research advances, practical and theoretical applications, and various case studies on M4 processes. The papers featured in this issue provide help in development of next-generation manufacturing technologies. We thank the authors for their invaluable contributions and the reviewers for their always useful advice, which make this special issue both fascinating and worthwhile.
Review of Computer-Aided Process Planning Systems for Machining Operation – Future Development of a Computer-Aided Process Planning System –
Authors: Isnaini Mohammad Mi’radj ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokko-dai, Nada, Kobe 657-8501, Japan, Shirase Keiichi
Published: April 2016

The need to integrate the design and machining stages has become an important issue since the introduction of the Computer-Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) concept. The development of the Computer-Aided Process Planning (CAPP) system has been recognized to have made a significant contribution toward fulfilling the requirement for an integrated planning system. This paper reviews the development of the CAPP system, particularly for the metal removal process. Previous reviews on CAPP are gathered and discussed to show the evolution stage of CAPP in general. Main research topics that contribute to the CAPP system development are shown. Six elements of the CAPP system are identified as the most important tasks in generating a process plan. These elements consist of: (1) model convention, (2) manufacturing operation selection, (3) manufacturing resource selection, (4) cutting condition selection, (5) tool path selection, and (6) setup selection. Six elements for the development of CAPP that contribute to process planning for metal removal process are discussed. The evolution stages of each element easily show the involvement of several tools in order to support the corresponding element. For further guidance, the methods of comprehending the involvement of manufacturing information in CAPP are discussed. Knowledge structuring and logic reasoning are the main organizational steps that can be used to describe the CAPP data architecture of manufacturing information. Further, the examples of full-scale CAPP in actualizing machining process planning are presented. Finally, key technologies for future development of CAPP are discussed.
Basic Properties of Fixed Abrasive Polishing by Alumina Abrasive Grain for Si Wafer – Effects of Actual Contact Area and Grain Size –
Authors: Sato Ryunosuke ,   Graduate school of Engineering, Utsunomiya University, 7-1-2 Yoto, Utsunomiya-shi, Tochigi 321-8585, Japan
Published: April 2016

To investigate basic polishing properties of fixed abrasive polishing using alumina abrasive grain for Si wafer, we used a pyramidal structured polishing pad having alumina abrasives and aqueous KOH solution as the polishing fluid. We clarified that the optimum KOH solution concentration required to get a smooth surface 5 wt% and finished surface roughness of 80nmRz. The cutting edge was hardly worn and polishing performance was maintained without dressing.
Envisioning Sustainable Manufacturing Industries of Japan
Authors: Mizuno Yuji ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan, Kishita Yusuke , Fukushige Shinichi , Umeda Yasushi ,   Center for Environmental Innovation Design for Sustainability, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Osaka 565-8071, Japan,   Department of Precision Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
Published: April 2016

In order to adapt to or overcome the difficulties Japan’s manufacturing industry is facing today, drawing normative future visions of sustainable manufacturing is required. The future is undeterminable, so the future visions cannot be fixed. Therefore, in order to draw visions of sustainable manufacturing of Japan, our research group has developed its Sustainable Manufacturing Scenario using the backcasting method. Here, a scenario is a set of stories detailing several future visions and transition paths toward them. Backcasting is a method of developing a scenario, one in which ideal future visions are developed, and then transition paths from the visions back to the present are drawn. To quantify and evaluate the future visions, we propose a model called SISA (Scenario-based Industrial Structure Analysis), which is based on Input-Output (I-O) tables. An I-O table quantitatively represents final consumption and transactions among industrial branches of a specific region in a specific period. In the SISA model, the I-O table representing future industry is given from the present I-O table, and several parameters reflect the hypotheses set in the scenario. Our research group has developed five different future visions of Japanese manufacturing industries. We set three future targets: GDP, employment, and CO2. The visions are quantified on the SISA model and investigated as to whether they achieve the future targets or not. Based on this analysis, we have concluded that drastic technological change is required to achieve the CO2target, and cooperation with service manufacturing is important if the employment target is to be met.
Fabrication of Precision Micrograting on Resin Substrate Utilizing Ultrasonic-Assisted Molding
Authors: Bolotov Sergey ,   Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-01 Aramaki, Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Kobayashi Ryuichi , Shimada Keita , Mizutani Masayoshi , Kuriyagawa Tsunemoto
Published: April 2016

Molding is an effective and efficient approach to producing highly functional optical elements with complex shapes. However, edge sharpness is a serious problem with molded microstructures. An Ultrasonic-Assisted Molding (UAM) device was developed to improve shape transferability. First, basic experiments showed that UAM induced a maximum temperature increase of 3.2°C for a polycarbonate substrate with a starting temperature of 170°C, and the stick-slip phenomenon was not observed with ultrasonic vibration. Second, UAM and conventional molding simulation models were constructed to compare the transferability of a microgroove; ultrasonic superimposed press movement demonstrated the highest transferability. Finally, micrograting was fabricated using UAM and conventional molding, and the UAMmicrograting had better transferability with a 30-smolding time. Therefore, UAM may be an effective process for reducing molding time.
A Collector of Dissolved Air Using Centrifugal Separation for Underwater Breathing
Authors: Park Jung-Ho ,   Extreme Mechanical Engineering Research Division, Korea Institute of Machinery & Materials, 156 Gajeongbuk-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 305-343, Republic of Korea, Park In-Seob , Yun So-Nam , Ham Young-Bog , Heo Pil-Woo , Jang Sung-Cheol ,   Department of Aviation Mechatronics, Korea Aviation Polytechnic College, 46 Dahakgil, Sacheon 664-708, Republic of Korea
Published: April 2016

This paper investigates a novel underwater breathing apparatus which has no air tank. Instead, it uses centrifugal separation to collect dissolved air. First, a prototype collector is proposed and fabricated. Then, the basic characteristics of various shape parameters are experimentally investigated using tap water to ascertain the optimal design. Next, to confirm the validity of the proposed mechanism, CFD analysis on collection ratio is done using the commercially available STAR-CD tool. After that, a suction device without an additional power source is developed to improve the air collection ratio. Finally, the redesigned collector is tested at different water temperatures, and the air collection results obtained are compared with the results of analysis.
Improvement of the Static and Dynamic Behavior of a Milling Robot
Authors: Zaeh Michael Friedrich ,   Institute for Machine Tools and Industrial Management (iwb), Roesch Oliver
Published: April 2016

Because of the high flexibility and low investment costs, industrial robots are increasingly being employed for machining processes. However, milling robots can only be used for applications requiring low accuracy and minor cutting forces. The main reason for this is the low static and dynamic stiffness of the robot structure, which lead to huge deflections of the tool and heavy chatter oscillations, especially when steel is being machined. To extend the areas in which milling robots are applied, a model-based controller to compensate for path deviation has been developed at the Institute of Machine Tools and Industrial Management of TU Munich (iwb). In addition, process-based strategies to reduce chatter have been analyzed. This paper focuses on the dynamic behavior of robots to increase the stability of the cutting process, but it also gives an overview of the design of the controller for static deviation compensation.
Node Deployment Algorithm Based on Perception Model of Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Jing Hengchang ,   College of Management, Henan University of Science and Technology
Published: April 2016

With the aim of solving the coverage problem of a wireless sensor network, a node deployment algorithm for the wireless sensor network, one based on a perception model, is designed in this work. The simulation results show that this algorithm can effectively deploy the wireless sensor network node, improve the network’s coverage, reduce the energy consumption of the network node, and help the network to function longer.