bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gambaran Pengetahuan Ibu Hamil Tentang Hiperemesis Gravidarum pada Trimester I Kehamilan
Authors: Marpaung Ayesha Nazira , Rivany Riza , Tobing Tina Christina L. , Ketaren Andre Pasha
Published: February 2024

Background: Nausea and vomit are problems that often occur in the first trimester of pregnancy, and this can cause problems for pregnant women. Many people still have the perception that this is a normal occurrence, leading pregnant women to avoid medical examinations, resulting in potential side effects. This relates to the knowledge. Pregnant women with poor knowledge can lead to complications during pregnancy, while those with good knowledge will prevent complications. Objective: To describe pregnant women’s knowledge about hyperemesis gravidarum in the first trimester of pregnancy based on age, gravida, and academic. Methods: This research is an observational descriptive study with a cross-sectional research design, employing consecutive sampling method. Data were collected using primary data sources derived from questionnaire responses. Results: Based on data from 100 respondents, 28 people (28%) have good knowledge. 27 people (27%) have moderate knowledge. 45 people (45%) have poor knowledge. Conclusion: Most of pregnant women in this research belonged to the age group of 19-34 years, with primigravida and majority have poor knowledge.
Keyword: Hyperemesis gravidarum, knowledge, pregnant women
 
Latar Belakang: Mual dan muntah merupakan masalah yang sering terjadi pada trimester pertama kehamilan dan hal ini dapat menimbulkan masalah pada ibu hamil. Masih banyak masyarakat yang memiliki pandangan bahwa hal tersebut normal terjadi, sehingga ibu hamil tidak melakukan pemeriksaan dan akan menimbulkan efek samping. Hal ini berkaitan dengan pengetahuan yang dimiliki oleh ibu hamil. Ibu hamil yang memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang terhadap hiperemesis gravidarum menyebabkan terjadinya komplikasi pada ibu hamil, sedangkan ibu hamil dengan pengetahuan yang baik akan mencegah terjadinya komplikasi. Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap hiperemesis gravidarum pada trimester I kehamilan berdasarkan usia, pendidikan terakhir dan gravida. Metode: Penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif observasional dengan desain penelitian cross sectional. Pengambilan sampel dengan consecutive sampling. Data yang diambil menggunakan sumber data primer yang berasal dari pengisian kuesioner. Hasil: Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh dari 100 responden terdapat 28 orang (28%) memiliki pengetahuan baik. 27 orang (27%) memiliki pengetahuan cukup. 45 orang (45%) memiliki pengetahuan kurang. Kesimpulan: Mayoritas ibu hamil pada penelitian ini merupakan kelompok usia 19-34 tahun, dengan primigravida, dan mayoritas memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang.
Kata Kunci: Hiperemesis gravidarum, ibu hamil, pengetahuan
WORLD TOURISM INDICES AND TOURISM COMPETITION BETWEEN COUNTRIES
Authors: Алігул Агаєв
Published: February 2024

This article aims to evaluate tourism competition between countries by examining world tourism indices. Tourism indices are widely used tools to measure and compare the performance of the tourism industry. This study will discuss the Global Tourism Competitiveness Index, Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index and other important indices, explain the calculation methods of the indices and analyze the results. Sustainability, the economic contribution of tourism and future trends are also among the focuses of this article. This study will help us understand how tourism indices affect tourism competition between countries and predict future tourism trends. Major tourist destinations such as Turkey and the USA are making various efforts to promote sustainable tourism practices. This is an important step aimed at growing tourism sectors sustainably in the future. Countries such as Georgia, Azerbaijan and Iran have the potential to offer different experiences for tourists with their cultural diversity and unique traditions. These countries have growth opportunities in the field of cultural tourism. Sustainable tourism practices are important for future growth and success for major tourist destinations. A major tourist destination like the USA aims to make its tourism industry more environmentally friendly by increasing its efforts on sustainability. Iran may not have been able to fully utilize its tourism potential due to regional and international political factors. Security concerns and political instability may limit tourist interest in Iran. As a result, these five countries have different tourism potentials and each offers unique attractions. Turkey, the USA and others aim to grow their tourism sectors in the future by promoting sustainable tourism practices. The competition between the countries examined reflects the development of tourism indices and the diversity of tourist destinations.
ОСМИСЛЕННЯ ТЕМИ «ВТРАЧЕНОГО ПОКОЛІННЯ» В РОМАНАХ «ТРИ ТОВАРИШІ» ЕРІХА МАРІЇ РЕМАРКА ТА «ВОРОШИЛОВГРАД» СЕРГІЯ ЖАДАНА
Authors: Величковська Юлія Федорівна
Published: February 2024

Метою розвідки є дослідження теми «втраченого покоління» у романах «Три товариші» Еріха Марії Ремарка та «Ворошиловград» Сергія Жадана. Дослідження ґрунтується на загальнонаукових методах аналізу, синтезу, спостереження, добору та систематизації матеріалу. Елементи історико-літературного підходу сприяли дослідженню подій Першої світової війни та повоєнної дійсності, а також розпаду СРСР і його наслідків. Проблемно-тематичний, філософський і психоаналітичний підходи були використані в дослідженні відображення авторами теми «втраченого покоління» в романах «Три товариші» Е. М. Ремарка та «Ворошиловград» С. Жадана. Порівняльний аспект творів «Три товариші» Е. М. Ремарка та «Ворошиловград» С. Жадана дав змогу простежити подібність світоглядів героїв українського й німецького письменників, відчуття персонажами абсурдності буття та спроби адаптації до умов повоєнного та пострадянського життя. Зважаючи на те, що роман Е. М. Ремарка є складовою частиною трилогії, увагу також звернено на романи «На західному фронті без змін» і «Повернення» з метою простеження особливостей формування образів героїв твору «Три товариші». З’ясовано, що саме вплив воєнної дійсності й несвідома участь молодих людей у воєнних діях наклали відбиток на руйнування людської сутності хлопців та їх дестабілізацію. Аналіз роману Сергія Жадана «Ворошиловград» дав змогу розкрити сутність пострадянської дійсності та трагізм покоління 90-х, що стало свідком руйнації тоталітаризму в СРСР. Зосереджено увагу на художній реалізації антигуманного впливу війни та тоталітарного режиму на людську психіку й моральний занепад людини. Простежено та розкрито проблему «втраченого покоління», що постала як вияв протилюдяності. Глибокий психологізм письменників дав змогу відчути трагізм долі молодих людей, що пронизаний розумінням неможливості гармонійного життя в умовах повоєнної і пострадянської дійсності.
A Crisis of Innocence: Comic Books and Children’s Culture, 1940-1954
Authors: O'Malley Andrew
Published: February 2024

"A Crisis of Innocence” is a critically curated online exhibition that investigates the widespread public outcry over comic books, and the ill-effects the horror and crime genres in particular were believed to be having on young readers in the 1940s and 50s. The site archives several hundred legal, legislative, academic, and popular media documents chronicling the controversy, along with sound and video files relating to the 1954 Senate Subcommittee Hearings on Juvenile Delinquency. Also featured are some of the comics stories at the heart of the controversy. A great deal of excellent scholarship exists on these remarkable events, which gripped the public imagination not only in the United States, but in Canada, England, and elsewhere. Most of this research, however, concerns itself primarily with the adult players in the events of the period: the producers of the comics, the legislators who tried to outlaw them, the experts from many fields who weighed in on the issue. This exhibition puts the child, around whom all the anxiety revolved, at the forefront and aims to demonstrate the extent to which twentieth-century Western conceptions of childhood ‘innocence’ informed and shaped the public outrage directed against the period’s most ubiquitous form of popular culture.
The metabolite transporters of C4 photosynthesis.
Authors: Mattinson Oliver , Kelly Steven
Published: February 2024

C4 photosynthesis is a highly efficient form of photosynthesis that utilises a biochemical pump to concentrate CO2 around rubisco. Although variation in the implementation of this biochemical pump exists between species, each variant of the C4 pathway is critically dependent on metabolite transport between organelles and between cells. Here we review our understanding of metabolite transport in C4 photosynthesis. We discuss how the majority of our knowledge of the transporter families used in C4 photosynthesis has been obtained from studying C3 plants, and how there is a pressing need for in planta validation of transporter function in C4 species. We further explore the diversity of transport pathways present disparate C4 lineages and highlight the important gaps in our understanding of metabolite transport in C4 plants. Finally, through integration of functional and transcriptional data from multiple C3 and C4 plants we propose a molecular blueprint for metabolite transport for NAD-ME photosynthesis.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG KELAPA SAWIT PADA CAMPURAN BETON RINGAN
Authors: Indrayani Indrayani , Sulianti Ika , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Herbi Bahusin Aji Jaya
Published: February 2024

Berbagai macam bahan tambah telah sering dilakukan dalam upaya peningkatan mutu beton agar semakin tinggi dengan memanfaatkan bahan-bahan alternatif yang mudah didapat sehingga pembuatan beton menjadi ekonomis. Penelitian ini memanfaatkan limbah cangkang kelapa sawit pada campuran beton ringan, dimana cangkang kelapa sawit digunakan sebagai pengganti agregat kasar baik sebagian maupun keseluruhan dengan tujuan untuk mendapat pengaruh cangkang kelapa sawit pada pembuatan beton ringan, agregat kasar dengan cangkang kelapa sawit yang diharapkan dengan pemanfaatan limbah cangkang sawit ini akan mampu meningkatkan kuat tekan beton. Proses penggantian cangkang kelapa sawit ini yaitu dengan cara perhitungan terhadap volume agregat kasar. Variasi persentase cangkang kelapa sawit terhadap volume agregat kasar di dalam campuran adalah cangkang kelapa sawit 25%, cangkang kelapa sawit 50%, cangkang kelapa sawit 75% dan cangkang kelapa sawit 100%. Waktu pengujian kuat tekan beton dilakukan pada umur 14 dan 28 hari berdasarkan SNI 03-2491-2002. Dari hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari diperoleh rata-rata sebesar 23.86 Mpa. Sedangkan hasil pengujian kuat tekan beton pada umur 28 hari menggunakan cangkat sawit pada variasi 25%, 50%, 75%, dan 100%  memiliki nilai kuat tekan rata-rata  sebesar 14,9 MPa, 11,6 MPa, 4,25 MPa, dan 2,73 MPa. Pada variasi 25% didapat kuat tekan beton sebesar 14,9 MPa, ini menunjukan bahwa cangkang kelapa sawit masih dapat digunakan sebagai campuran pada beton non struktural.
Analisis Karakteristik dan Tingkat Hambatan Samping Ruas Jalan D.I. Panjaitan Kota Kendari
Authors: Amir Andi Ahdan , Arsyad Muhammad , Sukman Sukman , Diansar Diansar
Published: February 2024

Progress inland transportation has not escaped the emergence of new problems from environmental aspects, accidents, and congestion. Traffic congestion occurs due to the imbalance between the growth of vehicles with improved infrastructure, rapid urbanization, low of discipline of road users, and side friction. Land use, type of road, and size of the city result in the characteristics and level of side friction. From these things, research on the analysis of characteristics and level of side friction on the D.I. Panjaitan Road section of Kendari City became interesting. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of side friction and determine the level of side friction. From research and analysis, it was found that side friction that occurs at three observation points is generally caused by the type of activity of stopped vehicles, parking on street, and vehicles come into and exit from the parking area and coming into or leaving the neighborhood. Based on side friction frequency data at three observation points showed the lowest Side Friction Frequency (SFF) of 33.5 and 39.4 events at point T3, then 67.6 and 64.4 at point T2, and the highest at point T3 70.5 and 59.9 events. The data shows that the side friction class on the road is categorized is very low. The low side friction at the observation location is caused by the observation time carried out during the decline in community activities due to the implementation of health protocols due to the increase in Covid-19 cases
Organizational and legal principles of information security of enterprises in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine
Authors: Melnychenko B , Khomyshyn I , Sirant M , Tsebenko S , Yesimov S
Published: February 2024

Purpose. To investigate the peculiarities of organizational and legal provision of information security (IS) in the conditions of martial law (ML). To propose changes to legislative provisions to improve legal regulation in this area. To develop systematic measures to balance the rights and obligations of individuals and legal entities in the field of IS in the conditions of ML. Methodology. The general scientific and special legal methods of cognition are used: hermeneutic method allowed us to substantiate expansion of IS field; content analysis – to determine organizational principles of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML; structural and legal – to propose indicator conditions for legal norms; special-legal – to propose system of local regulatory acts for the legal provision of IS; comparative legal – to propose special legal regime for IS of enterprises. Findings. It is indicated that during the state of war, the IS field of enterprise expands significantly and becomes an element of the national security system. The peculiarities of organizational and legal support and the basic organizational principles of IS of enterprises in the conditions of ML are determined. It is proposed to introduce a special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises in conditions of ML and use of the state’s capabilities in this area under specified legal regime. Amendments to the articles of Special Part of Code of Ukraine on administrative offenses are proposed for effective regulatory support of the special legal regime for implementation of IS of enterprises Originality. A legal tool is proposed to limit dissemination of information about a company’s activities – the introduction of local law documents to classify information about the company’s activities during ML into category “with limited access”. Indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms are proposed. Practical value. The developed proposals, indicator conditions and additions to legislative norms will contribute to strengthening the IS of enterprises.
Подходы к созданию и использованию компьютерно-интегрированного комплекса мониторинга и прогнозирования рисков чрезвычайных ситуаций на объектах коммунально-промышленного водоотведения
Authors: Штепа Владимир Николаевич , Покорный Сергей Геннадьевич , Муслимов Эдуард Ниязович
Published: February 2024

Цель. Проанализировать и обосновать функциональные задачи практического использования компьютерно-интегрированного комплекса мониторинга и прогнозирования рисков чрезвычайных ситуаций на объектах коммунально-промышленного водоотведения.
Методы. Системный анализ и функциональное моделирование информационных систем.
Результаты. Подтверждена актуальность и перспективность внедрения информационных систем оценки состояния водоотведения с задачей прогнозирования рисков чрезвычайных ситуаций. Построен полный поточный граф компьютерно-интегрированного комплекса, проанализированы матрицы путей и вспомогательная матрица, что позволило выделить его подсистемы. Обоснованы функциональные задачи компьютерно-интегрированного комплекса мониторинга и прогнозирования рисков чрезвычайных ситуаций на объектах коммунально-промышленного водоотведения в рамках концепта «Цифровой водоканал». Разработаны подходы по включению комплекса в единую государственную систему контроля водных объектов с предотвращением (недопущением) негативных последствий действия чрезвычайных ситуаций.
Область применения исследований. Цифровизация водопроводно-канализационных хозяйств. Инновационные решения противодействия чрезвычайным ситуациям.
Анализ химического состава осадка корпуса скважинного электронасосного агрегата
Authors: Брайкова Алла Мечиславовна , Саевич Константин Федорович , Базыльчук Татьяна Андреевна , Якубович Мария Юрьевна , Бондарев Дмитрий Владимирович , Козорез Александр Сергеевич
Published: February 2024

Цель. Определение химического состава образца осадка на корпусе и деталях скважинного электронасосного агрегата, эксплуатировавшегося в течение нескольких лет в условиях Курско-Белгородской аномалии; выявление возможных причин выхода из строя агрегата и разработка рекомендаций по эксплуатации оборудования.
Методы. Разработана программа исследования образца осадка, включающая определение массовой доли органических веществ (органической составляющей осадка) весовым методом, массовой доли железа спектрофотоколориметрическим методом на спектрофотометре СФ-2000, массовой доли марганца титриметрическим методом, содержания цинка, кадмия, свинца и меди методом инверсионной вольтамперометрии на анализаторе вольтамперометрическом АВА-3.
Результаты. Установлено содержание органических веществ в осадке (50,1 %), определены массовые доли железа (5,6 %), марганца (6,6 %), свинца (3,4 %), цинка (0,017 %), меди (0,005 %), кадмий не обнаружен. Сформулированы вероятные причины накопления осадка на поверхности скважинного электронасосного агрегата. На основании полученных результатов исследования предложены рекомендации по эксплуатации погружных электронасосных агрегатов, включающие в первую очередь необходимость забора и анализа проб воды из скважины перед монтажом оборудования.
Область применения исследований. На основании полученных результатов исследования образца осадка на корпусе и деталях скважинного электронасосного агрегата сформулированы рекомендации по эксплуатации оборудования.
Изменения оперативных индикаторных характеристик сердечно-сосудистой системы пожарных-спасателей, определяющих группу риска
Authors: Целых Екатерина Дмитриевна , Скворцов Данила Александрович , Ахтямов Мидхат Хайдарович , Кузьмичев Евгений Николаевич
Published: February 2024

Цель. Определение оперативных индикаторных характеристик сердечно-сосудистой системы пожарных-спасателей после заступления на дежурство, тренировочного процесса и ликвидации чрезвычайной ситуации для выявления группы риска.
Методы. Исследованы характеристики кислородтранспортной системы: частота сердечных сокращений (ЧСС), систолическое и диастолическое артериальное (САД и ДАД), пульсовое давление (ПД), насыщенность крови кислородом (SpO2), индекс стресса (ИС) пожарных-спасателей и водителей пожарного автомобиля (группа сравнения), работающих в Хабаровске.
Функциональные характеристики ЧСС, SpO2, ИС измерены с помощью прибора «Ангиоскан-01П»; САД, ДАД – методом Короткова с помощью прибора для измерения артериального давления (АД) OmronM2 Eco. Антропометрические морфологические показатели: рост (Р) и масса тела (МТ) измерены с помощью «Ростомера Твесм РП» и напольных весов «ВМЭН-150-50/100-Д2-А». Представлены расчетные показатели: ПД и индекс массы тела (ИМТ).
Результаты. Определена тенденция к высоким показателям Р и МТ у водителей пожарных автомобилей (группа Б). Во всех группах ИМТ соответствует верхней границе физиологического норматива и может рассматриваться, учитывая размах ±m, как повышенная МТ на фоне избыточного питания.
Анализ индикаторных характеристик сердечно-сосудистой системы (ССС) пожарных-спасателей (группа А) выявил, что после заступления на дежурство (08:30) некоторые показатели были выше верхней границы норматива, особенно ПД, что согласуется с концепцией о функционально-метаболической адаптации, проявляющейся до выполнения работы у людей, связанных с выполнением экстремальных нагрузок. После тренировки большинство показателей ССС практически восстанавливались до первоначальных. Однако во время тренировки ПД увеличилась, и через 60 мин после тренировки восстановления ПД не происходило. Дизадаптивное изменение ПД после ликвидации ЧС является показателем отставания процессов восстановления баланса вегетативной нервной системы (ВНС) и может привести к головным болям, дезориентации, временной неспособности к принятию решений. Наиболее оперативной характеристикой, определяющей состояние организма пожарных-спасателей при выполнении экстремальных нагрузок, является ПД, что может быть учтено при допуске к тренировкам и ликвидации ЧС.
Область применения исследований. Результаты исследования могут быть внедрены в практику в виде предложений о проведении профилактической индикации ПД и ИС перед выходом на смену, для определения группы риска и осуществления коррекционных воздействий.
A Novel Technique for Relocating Renal Lower Calyceal Stones During Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery: ‘’Jab and Pull’’
Authors: Uslu Mehmet , Ezer Mehmet , Yildirim Umit , Bagcioglu Murat , Sarica Kemal
Published: February 2024

Objective : It is advised to move the stones from the lower calyx to the middle or upper calyx using a nitinol basket. In order to protect the flexible ureterorenoscopy and increase the stone-free rate during retrograde intrarenal surgery In this descriptive study, we presented a method for moving stones to other calyces where the need for deflection is less, using holmium fiber in cases where the nitinol basket is not available. Materials and Methods: With the “Jab and Pull” method we have described, 32 patients who underwent RIRS for symptomatic (pain or infection) renal lower calyceal stones with a diameter of 4-10 mm in our clinic, between 2012 and 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic data, stone size, Hounsfield unit, number of stones, opaque non-opaque status, stone localization, infundibulopelvic angle, perioperative-postoperative complications, and control imaging were evaluated. Results: The mean age of the patients was 51.12, and the female-male ratio was equal. The median stone size was 8mm (min:5, max:10), and the Hounsfield unit was 805 (±396.72). 75% (24) of the stones were single and 53.1% (17) were opaque. The median infundibulopelvic angle was 38 (min:19 max:52) degrees. 27 (84.4%) patients achieved stone-free status using this method. The renal lower calyx neck of two patients was too narrow, the stones of two patients were too soft, and the stone of one patient was inaccessible, preventing total success in these patients. Conclusions: In cases where a nitinol basket is needed but cannot be reached during treatment of kidney lower calyx stones, the “jab and pull” method can be considered as an alternative in suitable patients.
SISTEM ANTRIAN UNTUK MENGANALISIS PENGOPTIMALAN PELAYANAN PENGAMBILAN OBAT DI PUSKESMAS BANABUNGI KECAMATAN PASARWAJO KABUPATEN BUTON
Authors: Restayani  , Arman  , Jufra  , Somayasa Wayan , Budiman Herdi , Muhtar Norma
Published: February 2024

Puskesmas ialah suatu instansi di mana sangat berperan untuk melayani masyarakat yang harus memberikan pelayanan terbaik. Terdapat pasien per harinya sehingga dapat mengakibatkan antrian yang panjang dalam melayani pasiennya. Antrian adalah keadaan di mana sekumpulan orang yang membutuhkan pelayanan harus menunggu dalam suatu urutan baris tertentu sebelum memperoleh pelayanan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kemampuan memberikan pelayanan lebih kecil bila dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan akan suatu pelayanan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dalam upaya mengoptimalkan sistem pelayanan dan untuk mengetahui kinerja sistem pelayanan pengambilan obat. Metode penyelesaian yang digunakan adalah metode observasi dengan model sistem ( . Penelitian dilakukan selama 5 hari pada hari senin-jumat bulan April tahun 2022. Data yang diambil adalah waktu antar kedatangan dan waktu pelayanan sehingga dari data tersebut diperoleh hasil ukuran kinerja dari disiplin antrian yaitu nilai utilitas sistem  sebesar , rata-rata jumlah pasien dalam sistem  sebesar  pasien, rata-rata jumlah pasien yang menunggu dalam antrian  sebesar 0,168 pasien, rata-rata waktu yang dihabiskan seorang pasien dalam sistem  sebesar  per jam, dan rata-rata waktu yang dihabiskan seorang pasien dalam antrian  sebesar  per jam. Sistem antrian yang diterapkan Puskesmas Banabungi Kecamatan Pasarwajo Kabupaten Buton sudah optimal karena antrian tidak cukup panjang
An introduction to the physics of time travel and the mini-standard model of particle physics
Authors: Kruusen Marek-Lars
Published: February 2024

Spacetime tunnels are such physical objects that allow any bodies to move very large distances in space in an instant or to move from one moment in time to another. In Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity, these tunnels are derived from the geometry of curved spacetimes in which mathematical differential equations and tensors occur. However, this work shows that spacetime tunnels cannot be described by Albert Einstein's theory of general relativity alone. This means that relativity is not sufficient to describe all aspects of a tunnel in spacetime. This requires new approaches and understandings of the physics of the universe. The new understanding is the physical theory of time travel, which, according to the best current knowledge, describes spacetime tunnels in the most accurate and objective way. The physics of spacetime tunnels is a part of the physics theory of time travel, which is briefly presented in this paper. In this work, the focus is not on the technical possibility of creating spacetime tunnels, but on those aspects that determine the lengths and directions of spacetime tunnels. For example, the length of the tunnels depends on how far the bodies move in a moment in space or time. However, the directions of the tunnels determine whether the bodies move in space or time to the past/future. These aspects must be known if we want to technically create the world's first tunnel in spacetime. Another major area presented in this work is the mini-standard model of elementary particles.
Effect of Simulated Gastric Juice on Color Stability of Different Artificial Teeth
Authors: Yılmaz Evmek Betül , Yeğin Elif
Published: February 2024

Objective: The current study aimed to evaluate the gastric juice effect on the artificial teeth discoloration in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) under in vitro conditions.

Methods: Three different artificial teeth (Ivostar, Vivodent PE, Phonares II) were used in the study (n=12). A spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade Compact; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) was used for initial color measurements after keeping the specimens in distilled water for 24 h. Then, they were immersed in 5% hydrochloric acid (HCl) at 37°C (pH=2) for 91 h and the color measurements were

repeated. The CIEDE2000 formulation was used to calculate the color changes. The statistical analysis was performed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests.

Results: Although the color differences of Vivodent PE and Phonares II materials did not exhibit a statistically significant difference (p=.95; p > .05), there was a significant difference between Ivostar and other materials (p=.02, p=.01). The 50:50% detection threshold (PT) was exceeded with Vivodent PE and Phonares II materials, while the 50:50% acceptability threshold (AT) was exceeded with Ivostar material.

Conclusion: After exposure to gastric acid, all groups exhibited perceptible color differences. In the group of acrylic resin artificial teeth, the color difference was above acceptability threshold and would be better to improve. While the acrylic resin artificial teeth exhibited the highest discoloration, artificial teeth containing nanohybrid composite resin showed the least discoloration. These should be considered in

the selection of artificial teeth in patients with GERD.
Modelagem e análise molecular da enzima Adenosina Desaminase (ADA) do parasito Schistosoma mansoni
Authors: Kayser Danrlei Leandro , Vicente de Lima Cassiano , Lorscheider Carla Andreia , Romanello Larissa
Published: February 2024

A esquistossomose é uma doença parasitária provocada pelo helminto Schistosoma mansoni e afeta cerca de 240 milhões de pessoas em todo mundo. O tratamento da doença atualmente dá-se pela administração de apenas um fármaco, o praziquantel entretanto, pelo seu uso em massa, diversos casos de   resistência do parasita ao fármaco tem sido reportados. Diferente de seu hospedeiro humano, o S. mansoni não possui a via de síntese de purinas, dependendo exclusivamente da via de salvação de purinas para o suprimento dessas bases. Deste modo esta via tem sido citada como alvo potencial para o desenvolvimento de novos fármacos contra a esquistossomose. A adenosina desaminase (ADA) é uma das enzimas dessa via, convertendo a adenosina em inosina e hipoxantina. Uma vez que a estrutura tridimensional dessa enzima não foi resolvida experimentalmente, a modelagem molecular comparativa possibilitou a análise molecular e bioquímica. O estudo foi desenvolvido em etapas: seleção do molde, alinhamento alvo-molde, construção do modelo molecular, avaliação e validação do modelo, análises moleculares. As avaliações do modelo obtido apresentaram qualidade satisfatória e, em comparação com ADA humana foi possível observar substituições de resíduos de aminoácidos no sítio ativo que suportam a investigação da enzima como alvo potencial para desenvolvimento de fármacos através de experimentos de docagem, cinética enzimática e cristalografia de proteínas.
Weighted gene co-expression network analysis reveals immune evasion related genes in Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto
Authors: Pereira Ismael , Paludo Gabriela Prado , Hidalgo Christian , Stoore Caroll , Baquedano María Soledad , Cabezas Carolina , Cancela Martín , Ferreira Henrique Bunselmeyer , Bastías Macarena , Riveros Aníbal , Meneses Claudio , Sáenz Leonardo , Paredes Rodolfo
Published: February 2024

Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic disease caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l). In the intermediate host, this disease is characterized by the growth of cysts in viscera such as liver and lungs, inside of which the parasite develops to the next infective stage known as protoscoleces. There are records that the infected viscera affect the development and morphology of E. granulosus s.l. protoscolex in hosts such as buffalo or humans. However, the molecular mechanisms that drive these differences remains unknown. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) using a set of RNAseq data obtained from E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) protoscoleces found in liver and lung cysts reveals 34 modules in protoscoleces of liver origin, of which 12 have differential co-expression from protoscoleces of lung origin. Three of these twelve modules contain hub genes related to immune evasion: tegument antigen, tegumental protein, ubiquitin hydrolase isozyme L3, COP9 signalosome complex subunit 3, tetraspanin CD9 antigen, and the methyl-CpG-binding protein Mbd2. Also, two of the twelve modules contain only hypothetical proteins with unknown orthology, which means that there are a group of unknown function proteins co-expressed inside the protoscolex of liver CE cyst origin. This is the first evidence of gene expression differences in protoscoleces from CE cysts found in different viscera, with co-expression networks that are exclusive to protoscoleces from liver CE cyst samples. This should be considered in the control strategies of CE, as intermediate hosts can harbor CE cysts in liver, lungs, or both organs simultaneously.
Inactivation of SARS CoV-2 on porous and nonporous surfaces by compact portable plasma reactor
Authors: Choudhury Bhaswati , Lednicky John A. , Loeb Julia C. , Portugal Sherlie , Roy Subrata
Published: February 2024

We report the inactivation of SARS CoV-2 and its surrogate—Human coronavirus OC43 (HCoV-OC43), on representative porous (KN95 mask material) and nonporous materials (aluminum and polycarbonate) using a Compact Portable Plasma Reactor (CPPR). The CPPR is a compact (48 cm3), lightweight, portable and scalable device that forms Dielectric Barrier Discharge which generates ozone using surrounding atmosphere as input gas, eliminating the need of source gas tanks. Iterative CPPR exposure time experiments were performed on inoculated material samples in 3 operating volumes. Minimum CPPR exposure times of 5–15 min resulted in 4–5 log reduction of SARS CoV-2 and its surrogate on representative material samples. Ozone concentration and CPPR energy requirements for virus inactivation are documented. Difference in disinfection requirements in porous and non-porous material samples is discussed along with initial scaling studies using the CPPR in 3 operating volumes. The results of this feasibility study, along with existing literature on ozone and CPPR decontamination, show the potential of the CPPR as a powerful technology to reduce fomite transmission of enveloped respiratory virus-induced infectious diseases such as COVID-19. The CPPR can overcome limitations of high temperatures, long exposure times, bulky equipment, and toxic residuals related to conventional decontamination technologies.
Research on characteristics and geological genesis of large-scale deep-seated landslide in tuff formation
Authors: Xue Mengqi , Xu Guangli , Yao Feixiang , Ma Zhuo
Published: February 2024

In engineering practice, engineers generally treated tuff as a lumpy material with a poorly defined laminated structure and a rock group that was not susceptible to slide failure. Most studies of tuff landslides had focused on small clastic landslides in shallow strata with weathering boundaries and lithologic interfaces as slip surfaces. This paper takes a large-scale, deep-seated tuff landslide on the southeast coast of China as the research project. We used borehole TV imaging and exploration tunnels to confirm the material composition and structural characteristics of the tuff stratum and used exploration tunnels to expose the slip soil directly. Microscopic identification, mineralogical composition analysis, zircon U-Pb isotope dating, and Hf isotope analysis of slip soils collected from the exploration tunnels elucidated the geologic background and genesis of the large-scale deep-seated landslides in the tuff stratum. It was found that the formation of a tuff stratum in the landslide area was caused by multi-volcanic orogeny and multi-phase tectonics. The timing of the melting of the original magma from these volcanic events also differs. During these intervals between eruptions, deposition occurred, and this sedimentary material formed the slip soil.
An exploration of the quality of graduates of Philippine teacher education institutions
Authors: Olvido Michelle Mae J. , Dayagbil Filomena T. , Alda Rivika C. , Uytico Baby Jane , Rodriguez Kim Francis R.
Published: February 2024

The study evaluated the quality of graduates of Philippine Teacher Education Institutions (TEIs) through the performance of the graduates in the Board Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers (BLEPT) and the teaching performance of the beginning teachers in their first three years of teaching. A nationwide survey study employing a descriptive cross-sectional design was conducted to 2,680 respondents from 16 regions in the country, selected using a multi-stage approach. Results revealed an increasing trend in the beginning teachers’ performance in the licensure examinations from 2017 to 2019. These teachers were also consistently averaging a rating of Very Satisfactory from 2019 to 2021 in their teaching performance. Furthermore, socio-economic status, grade point average in college, and grade level taught were other factors found to be significant in relation to teaching performance. As a result, a graduate’s score on the teacher licensure exam has an impact on their success during their first three years of teaching. The dimensions of teacher quality in the country are anchored on the alignment of the outcomes and competencies in the written and tested curricula, effective program delivery, and qualified faculty which contribute to the high probability of passing the BLEPT that ultimately results in better teaching performance of beginning teachers. By focusing on these aspects, institutions can play a pivotal role in nurturing highly competent educators who make a lasting impact on the education system. The findings of this study serve as a valuable guide for educational policymakers and institutions striving to elevate the standard of teacher education across the country.
The impact of three SMN2 gene copies on clinical characteristics and effect of disease-modifying treatment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy: a systematic literature review
Authors: Dosi Claudia , Masson Riccardo
Published: February 2024

Objective

To review the clinical characteristics and effect of treatment in patients with spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) and three copies of the SMN2 gene.

Methods

We conducted a literature search in October 2022 to identify English-language clinical research on SMA that included SMN2 copy number according to PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Our search identified 44 studies examining the impact of three SMN2 copies on clinical characteristics (21 on phenotype, 13 on natural history, and 15 on functional status and other signs/symptoms). In children with type I SMA or presymptomatic infants with an SMN1 deletion, three SMN2 copies was associated with later symptom onset, slower decline in motor function and longer survival compared with two SMN2 copies. In patients with SMA type II or III, three SMN2 copies is associated with earlier symptom onset, loss of ambulation, and ventilator dependence compared with four SMN2 copies. Eleven studies examined treatment effects with nusinersen (nine studies), onasemnogene abeparvovec (one study), and a range of treatments (one study) in patients with three SMN2 copies. In presymptomatic infants, early treatment delayed the onset of symptoms and maintained motor function in those with three SMN2 copies. The impact of copy number on treatment response in symptomatic patients is still unclear.

Conclusion

SMN2 copy number is strongly correlated with SMA phenotype in patients with SMN1 deletion, while no correlation was found in patients with an SMN1 mutation. Patients with three SMN2 copies show a highly variable clinical phenotype. Early initiation of treatment is highly effective in presymptomatic patients with three SMN2 copies.
Isolated insular stroke: topography is the answer with respect to outcome and cardiac involvement
Authors: Kuris Fedra , Tartaglia Sara , Sperotto Roberto , Ceccarelli Laura , Bagatto Daniele , Lorenzut Simone , Merlino Giovanni , Janes Francesco , Gentile Carolina , Marinig Roberto , Verriello Lorenzo , Valente Mariarosaria , Pauletto Giada
Published: February 2024

Background and purpose

Isolated insular strokes (IIS) are a rare occurrence due to the frequent concomitant involvement of adjacent territories, supplied by the M2 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA), and clinical aspects are sometimes contradictory. We aimed to describe clinical and radiological characteristics of a pure IIS case series, focusing on its functional outcome and cardiac involvement.

Methods

We identified 15 isolated insular ischemic strokes from a pool of 563 ischemic strokes occurred between January 2020 and December 2021. Data collection consisted of demographic and baseline clinical characteristics, comorbidities, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, stroke topography and etiology, reperfusive treatments, and outcome measures. Descriptive statistical analysis was carried out.

Results

Newly detected cardiovascular alterations were the prevalent atypical presentation. Cardioembolism was the most frequent etiology. Most of patients had major neurological improvement at discharge and good outcome at 3-months follow-up.

Discussion and conclusion

IIS are extremely rare, representing according to our study about 2.6% ischemic strokes cases per year, and patients have peculiar clinical manifestations, such as dysautonomia and awareness deficits. Our data suggest the possibility for these patients to completely recover after acute ischemic stroke notwithstanding the pivotal role of the insula in cerebral connections and the frequent association with MCA occlusion. Moreover, given the central role of the insula in regulating autonomic functions, newly detected cardiac arrhythmias must be taken into consideration, as well as a full diagnostic work-up for the research of cardioembolic sources. To our knowledge, this is the largest monocentric case series of IIS and it might be useful for future systematic reviews.
MicroRNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in brain gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Hasani Fatemeh , Masrour Mahdi , Jazi Kimia , Ahmadi Payam , Hosseini Saba sadat , Lu Victor M. , Alborzi Amirmohammad
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Brain neoplasms and central nervous system (CNS) disorders, particularly gliomas, have shown a notable increase in incidence over the last three decades, posing significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as promising biomarkers due to their regulatory role in gene expression, offering potential enhancements in glioma diagnosis and prognosis.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis, adhering to PRISMA guidelines, included 25 studies for diagnostic accuracy and 99 for prognostic analysis, published until August 27th, 2023. Studies were identified through comprehensive searches of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria encompassed peer-reviewed original research providing sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) for miRNAs in glioma diagnosis, as well as survival outcomes with hazard ratios (HRs) or mean survival.

Results and discussion

Meta-analysis demonstrated miRNAs’ high diagnostic accuracy, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.821 (95% CI: 0.781–0.855) and specificity of 0.831 (95% CI: 0.792–0.865), yielding an AUC of 0.893. Subgroup analysis by specimen type revealed consistent accuracy across blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and tissue samples. Our results also showed miRNAs can be potential prognostic biomarkers. miRNAs showed significant associations with overall survival (OS) (pooled HR: 2.0221; 95% CI: 1.8497–2.2105), progression-free survival (PFS) (pooled HR: 2.4248; 95% CI: 1.8888–3.1128), and disease-free survival (DFS) (pooled HR: 1.8973; 95% CI: 1.1637–3.0933) in tissue specimens. These findings underscore miRNAs’ potential as valuable biomarkers for improving glioma diagnosis and prognosis, offering insights for enhancing clinical decision-making and patient outcomes.
Brain, behavior, and physiological changes associated with predator stress–An animal model for trauma exposure in adult and neonatal rats
Authors: Kigar Stacey L. , Cuarenta Amelia , Zuniga Carla L. , Chang Liza , Auger Anthony P. , Bakshi Vaishali P.
Published: February 2024

The use of predators and predator odor as stressors is an important and ecologically relevant model for studying the impact of behavioral responses to threat. Here we summarize neural substrates and behavioral changes in rats resulting from predator exposure. We briefly define the impact predator exposure has on neural targets throughout development (neonatal, juvenile, and adulthood). These findings allow us to conceptualize the impact of predator exposure in the brain, which in turn may have broader implications for human disorders such as PTSD. Importantly, inclusion of sex as a biological variable yields distinct results that may indicate neural substrates impacted by predator exposure differ based on sex.
The spatial effects of the household's food insecurity levels in Ethiopia: by ordinal geo-additive model
Authors: Wubetie Habtamu T. , Zewotir Temesgen , Mitku Aweke A. , Dessie Zelalem G.
Published: February 2024

Background

Food insecurity and vulnerability in Ethiopia are historical problems due to natural- and human-made disasters, which affect a wide range of areas at a higher magnitude with adverse effects on the overall health of households. In Ethiopia, the problem is wider with higher magnitude. Moreover, this geographical distribution of this challenge remains unexplored regarding the effects of cultures and shocks, despite previous case studies suggesting the effects of shocks and other factors. Hence, this study aims to assess the geographic distribution of corrected-food insecurity levels (FCSL) across zones and explore the comprehensive effects of diverse factors on each level of a household's food insecurity.

Method

This study analyzes three-term household-based panel data for years 2012, 2014, and 2016 with a total sample size of 11505 covering the all regional states of the country. An extended additive model, with empirical Bayes estimation by modeling both structured spatial effects using Markov random field or tensor product and unstructured effects using Gaussian, was adopted to assess the spatial distribution of FCSL across zones and to further explore the comprehensive effect of geographic, environmental, and socioeconomic factors on the locally adjusted measure.

Result

Despite a chronological decline, a substantial portion of Ethiopian households remains food insecure (25%) and vulnerable (27.08%). The Markov random field (MRF) model is the best fit based on GVC, revealing that 90.04% of the total variation is explained by the spatial effects. Most of the northern and south-western areas and south-east and north-west areas are hot spot zones of food insecurity and vulnerability in the country. Moreover, factors such as education, urbanization, having a job, fertilizer usage in cropping, sanitation, and farming livestock and crops have a significant influence on reducing a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels (insecurity and vulnerability), whereas shocks occurrence and small land size ownership have worsened it.

Conclusion

Chronically food insecure zones showed a strong cluster in the northern and south-western areas of the country, even though higher levels of household food insecurity in Ethiopia have shown a declining trend over the years. Therefore, in these areas, interventions addressing spatial structure factors, particularly urbanization, education, early marriage control, and job creation, along with controlling conflict and drought effect by food aid and selected coping strategies, and performing integrated farming by conserving land and the environment of zones can help to reduce a household's probability of being at higher food insecurity levels.