bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experience of Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Airborne Gamma‑Spectrometric Survey of Territories
Authors: Gavrilov Sergey , Pimenov Artem , Shvedov Anton , Shikin Sergey , Yakovlev Vladislav , Martynyuk Yury , Pugachev Aleksandr
Published: August 2022

The paper focuses on the experience of using software and hardware for airborne gamma-spectrometric survey of radioactive contaminated areas using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV). Historical development of the instrumentation park caused by rapid evolution of electronic components and optimization of radiation survey methods is demonstrated. A state-of-the-art commercially available aerial gamma survey device is described that is suitable for use with virtually any aircraft with a payload capacity over 0.9 kg. Further prospects for the development of airborne gamma-spectrometric survey are considered.
Reconstruction of Absolute Values of Spectral Components in Another Detector Neutron Spectrometer
Authors: Dreyzin Valeriy , Logvinov Dmitriy , Grimov Aleksandr , Kuz'menko Aleksandr
Published: August 2022

The article proposes a method for reconstructing the absolute values of the spectral components of the measured flux from their relative values normalized to the integrated density of the measured flux using two identical detectors in the detection unit of the spectrometer that are sensitive to low-energy neutrons, one of which has a cadmium screen on the scintillator.
Progress of research mechanisms for metastasis of a malignant tumor in the bone
Authors: Бухаров Артем , Державин Виталий , Каприн Андрей , Харченко Наталья , Запиров Гаджимурад , Ван Цзюнь
Published: August 2022

Primary tumors can be metastable in almost all tissues of the body, but some tumors, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, lung cancer, thyroid cancer and kidney cancer are mainly metastasized in bones. The bone is the third in terms of the localization frequency of metastasis after the lungs and liver. Clinical manifestations of bone metastases include pain, reduction of mobility, pathological fractures, etc., which are combined with skeleton-related events (Skeletal-Related Events, Sres). The appearance of metastases in the bone urges the quality of life of patients and reduce the survival period. Currently, the mechanism for metastasizing tumor cells in the bone is not fully clear. Recent studies show that the occurrence of metastasis in the bone includes characteristics of tumor cells, bone microenvironment and interaction between two. This literary review analyzed the characteristics of tumor cells, the type and characteristics of metastases in the bone, the specificity of bone microenvironment and the interaction between tumor cells and bone microenvasters, which can provide theoretical basis and new ideas for the prevention and treatment of metastasis bone. To prepare the review, cited references are retrieved from following databases Scopus, Web of Science, Medline, PubMed, CyberLeninka, RISC and CNKI. The analysis used references indexed in the Scopus and Web of Science databases (93%), RISC and CNKI databases (7%). More than 50% of the paper were published in the last 5 years. 83 references are used for completing this review.
Technological achievements in radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors
Authors: Паньшин Георгий
Published: August 2022

Today, radiotherapy plays a crucial role in the treatment of malignant brain tumors. At the same time, in general, recent advances in clinical oncology concerning modern methods of radiotherapeutic treatment of malignant neoplasms, in contrast to the already traditional 3D-conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), include its use with modulated intensity (IMRT), volume-modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS). All these methods make it possible to deliver higher doses of radiation to the target volume, while at the same time reducing the risk of increased toxicity to normal tissues, compared to the already traditional 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT). Moreover, proton therapy can currently be an alternative to photon irradiation due to a more favorable dose distribution over the target volume. In the presented first part of the general review concerning the problem of "Metastases of malignant tumors in the brain", a brief report is offered on the latest technological achievements in radiotherapy of malignant brain tumors and their clinical impact on the special treatment of this category of neuro-oncological patients.
Retrospective evaluation of the influence of genes of the proteolysis system on the course of papillary thyroid cancer in operated patients
Authors: Богатиков Александр , Кузьмичев Александр , Чухловин Алексей
Published: August 2022

The article presents long-term results of observation of patients operated on with papillary thyroid cancer. In the course of the work, through a comprehensive analysis of the clinical and morphological characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinoma and functional variants of the genes of the proteolysis system, the relationship of gene variants regulating the collagen degradation system with the features of the clinical course of papillary thyroid carcinoma in different age groups was established.
Local progression in Glioblastoma after a two various radiotherapy fractionation schemes from the result of a study
Authors: Чугуев Андрей , Кобылецкая Татьяна , Беликова Анна , Герасимов Вячеслав , Каприн Андрей , Даценко Павел
Published: August 2022

Purpose: to present the first results of a randomized study of two various radiotherapy fractionation schemes in glioblastoma (GBM).
Material and methods: Patients with GBM in subgroups older and younger than 50 years were alternately used a radiation therapy regimen with a prescribed dose of 2 and 3 Gy (research involving paired selection strategy). After recruiting 120 patients, a predictor of continued growth was included in the study design after microsurgical intervention. In total, the study included 70 patients treated with the prescribed dose of 2 and 3 Gy. Continued growth after microsurgical intervention was diagnosed in 60 patients, there was no growth in 80 patients.
Results: In general, as of December 2021, a recurrence was recorded in 105 patients out of 140 (75%): 62 patients were diagnosed with central recurrence (44.3%), 28 with marginal localization (20%) and in 15 had a distant form of growth as the first manifestation of glioma progression (10.7%). The predictors of local progression were continued growth after microsurgical intervention (OR=1,916; p=0,003), the use of temozolomide in conjunction with radiation therapy (OR=0,502; p=0,002) and homogeneity index level over 8.5 (OR=0,535; p=0,009) was significant. The radiotherapy fractionation schemes plays a definite role, the 3 Gy regimen improves the results according to the criterion of local recurrence (OR=0,620; p=0,022).
Conclusion: patients with and without continued growth after microsurgical intervention belong to different prognostic groups, the results of treatment in them should be considered separately. The first data from the randomized study show that the radial therapy regimen with the prescribed dose of 3 Gy is as good as the standard program in terms of primary and local progression.
Rare case report: Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen. Correlation analysis of the radiology examination with pathomorphological analysis
Authors: Бусько Екатерина , Козубова Ксения , Амелина Инна , Сапронов Павел , Туркевич Елена , Смирнова Виктория , Костромина Екатерина , Кадырлеев Роман , Любимская Эльвира , Байрамова Айбениз , Шевкунов Лев , Багненко Сергей , Карачун Алексей
Published: August 2022

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation of the spleen is a rather rare proliferative lesion of the spleen vessels of unknown etiology, which does not have a pathognomonic symptom and, in most cases, is an accidental finding during examination for other diseases. Given the rare occurrence, it is extremely difficult to determine the typical marks of this lesion based on the results of multimodal diagnostics, therefore this benign lesion should be differentiated from metastatic lesion of the spleen or other malignant neoplasms. The main purpose of this clinical observation was to demonstrate the correlation of histopathological analysis in comparison with the data of computed tomography and contrast-enhanced ultrasound.
A Prospecção de Uma Cultura de Integridade: a Implantação do Compliance e da Governança no Poder Judiciário
Authors: Leal Jenyfer Michele Pinheiro , Garcel Adriane , Piakoski Augusto Cesar
Published: August 2022

Objetivo do estudo: Observar a partir destas afirmações que o termo conformidade está intimamente ligado ao respeito pelas regras e à gestão dos riscos. Revela-se como um instrumento de governação empresarial, uma vez que é intuitivo que o cumprimento das leis diz respeito a um objetivo que deve ser perseguido de cima para baixo nas organizações.
 Abordagem metodológica: O presente estudo, de natureza qualitativa e explicativa, baseia-se em dados e informações secundárias e documentais.
Relevância: A edição da lei federal 12,846/13 (Lei Anticorrupção ou Lei de Probidade Empresarial) foi o pontapé de saída na prevenção e combate à prática de atos ilícitos contra a Administração Pública, através da criação de incentivos favoráveis às empresas privadas para instituírem mecanismos de integridade, auditoria e instigação à denúncia de irregularidades, bem como a aplicação efetiva de códigos de ética e conduta internos.
 Principais resultados: Demonstra-se com base na análise da lei 13.140/2015 e Provimento 67/2018 CNJ que a limitação dos serviços dos gabinetes por competência à oferta de mediação e conciliação não é sustentada, constituindo uma violação do acesso à Justiça, um contrassenso às barreiras normativas e à política pública de gestão de conflitos auto compositivos, uma contradição aos fundamentos teórico-filosóficos da mediação e conciliação, uma incompatibilidade com as interpretações históricas, teleológicas e sistemáticas do artigo 42 da lei 13. 140/2015 e um entrave às funções preventivas e sociais dos notários e conservadores.
 Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Como o artigo tem a dimensão de ensaio teórico, mostrando que o bom empreendimento de uma boa gestão administrativa dos tribunais, o CNJ tem um Comissariado Permanente de Auditoria. Importantes medidas juntou-se a aprovação das Resoluções 308/2020 e 309/2020, que definem a organização das atividades de auditoria interna da Justiça e as Diretrizes Técnicas das Atividades Governamentais de Auditoria Interna do Poder Judiciário (DIRAUD-Jud), estabelecendo os princípios, conceitos e requisitos fundamentais para a prática profissional da atividade de auditoria interna.
 Conclusão: A análise conduz à credibilidade abalada das instituições públicas devido a factos ilícitos de diferentes matizes e ao elevado nível de percepção da corrupção revela-nos que, em mais do que qualquer época, a necessidade de uma mudança na cultura de integridade é premente, mostrando a reformulação e o processo sob a forma de gestão pública.
Eye contact avoidance in crowds: A large wearable eye-tracking study
Authors: Hessels Roy S. , Benjamins Jeroen S. , Niehorster Diederick C. , van Doorn Andrea J. , Koenderink Jan J. , Holleman Gijs A. , de Kloe Yentl J. R. , Valtakari Niilo V. , van Hal Sebas , Hooge Ignace T. C.
Published: August 2022

Eye contact is essential for human interactions. We investigated whether humans are able to avoid eye contact while navigating crowds. At a science festival, we fitted 62 participants with a wearable eye tracker and instructed them to walk a route. Half of the participants were further instructed to avoid eye contact. We report that humans can flexibly allocate their gaze while navigating crowds and avoid eye contact primarily by orienting their head and eyes towards the floor. We discuss implications for crowd navigation and gaze behavior. In addition, we address a number of issues encountered in such field studies with regard to data quality, control of the environment, and participant adherence to instructions. We stress that methodological innovation and scientific progress are strongly interrelated.
Hierachical epicuticular wax coverage on leaves of Deschampsia antarctica as a possible adaptation to severe environmental conditions
Authors: Gorb Elena V , Kozeretska Iryna A , Gorb Stanislav N
Published: August 2022

Using cryo scanning electron microscopy, the surface micromorphology of vegetative (leaf blade and ligule) and generative (pedicel and outer glume) organs in Deschampsia antarctica, one of the only two flowering plants native to Antarctica, was examined. Whereas the pedicel and outer glume were wax-free, both leaf sides had a prominent epicuticular wax coverage consisting of two superimposed layers: polygonal rodlets formed by fused irregular platelets (the lower wax layer) and membraneous platelets (the upper wax layer). Although the adaxial (inner) and abaxial (outer) leaf surfaces showed a similar microstructure of the wax coverage, they differed in the thickness ratio between lower and upper wax layer. The ligule bore a very loose wax coverage composed of separate scale-like projections or clusters of them. We suppose that the two-layered wax densely covering both leaf surfaces might contribute to the plant adaptation to severe environmental conditions in Antarctica due to an increase of its resistance against cold temperatures, icing, harmful UV radiation, and dehydration. The presence of the epicuticular wax on the abaxial leaf side and the ligule as well as the hierarchical structure of the wax coverage on both leaf surfaces is described in D. antarctica for the first time.
Volatility of Public Interest in Orthopaedics during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Davison-Kerwood Maxwell , Gordy Elana , Tafur Julio Castillo , Lin Ye , Boroda Nicholas , Gonzalez Mark H
Published: August 2022

Background: Several studies have demonstrated the decrease of public interest in elective orthopaedic surgeries throughout the beginning and middle of the COVID-19 pandemic, but none have assessed the return, if any, of public interest as the pandemic has progressed. Questions/Purpose: Apply a user-friendly tool and replicable methodology to (1) determine differential impacts of COVID-19 on search frequencies for exploratory and interventional search terms; (2) evaluate if public interest towards some common orthopaedic symptoms and their respective elective procedures have returned to pre-pandemic baseline. Method: Google search frequencies for common orthopaedic procedures and symptoms were extracted from Google Extended Trends for Health (GETH) between January 7th, 2018, and January 15th, 2022, using the Google Trends Information Extraction Tool. Queried terms were split into two categories: exploratory and interventional. Control limit analysis was performed for each search term to determine special cause variations and assess any recovery. Results: All search terms saw significant decreases the week of March 15th, 2020, and five of the six saw at least one more drop during the 2020 holiday season. Search volumes for exploratory terms initially fell less and recovered nearly four times faster compared to search volumes for interventional terms, but volatility of public interest was seen until the end of the study window. Conclusions: Public interest in elective orthopaedic procedures continues to be chaotic during this pandemic. This study is the first to assess the initial recovery of public interest in elective orthopaedic procedures in the COVID-19 era using a novel application of the Google Trends Information Extraction Tool and provides a timely update on changes in public perception as the pandemic has progressed. These results can be used to better understand, quantify, and potentially anticipate the interests of the national patient population and tailor care, public outreach programs, or policy based on real-time search trends.
Transients Caused by Sequential Circuit Breaker Tripping Issued by Busbar Protection
Authors: Ivo Uglešić  , Igor Ivanković  , Viktor Milardić
Published: August 2022

A study of transients in a high voltage substation 400/110 kV is presented in the paper. An analysis was carried out after a fault on the 110 kV busbar, which caused severe damage in the substation. Investigation was focused on a time frame of several sequential circuit breaker trippings. A first step of the study was collection of data from the primary and secondary system in the substation and the control centre. After numerous analyses of data an attempt was made to construct a precision model, which could be used in the computation. Appropriate models were developed for circuit breakers, voltage (potential) and current metering transformers, power transformers, surge arresters, overhead lines and an equivalent grid. The components of the power system can be modelled for the very particular purpose, which means that a different frequency model should be used and each element in this analysis has a specific frequency response. An attempt was made at very detailed modelling of a power transformer, air blast and SF6 circuit breakers. Computed results of fault currents were compared with measurements captured by the disturbance recorders in the field, mainly in differential numerical relays. Different switching schemes and different tripping sequences of several 110 kV circuit breakers were analysed with a constructed model in the millisecond range. Models of circuit breaker with different types of media, air blast and SF6 gas were used in the cases investigated. Modelling of the circuit breakers’ electrical arc was an important item in all cases in order to take into account the interaction between electrical arc and circuit current during the process of current interruption. The Schwarz/Avdonin equation is applied to model the dynamic behaviour of an electric arc. The fault studied was accompanied by a large short circuit current. For this particular case two types of circuit breaker, air blast and SF 6 were modelled. An important conclusion from those analyses was that sequential tripping of several circuit breakers does not cause superposition of overvoltages, because interruption the current happens when it is passing through the zero. Even the record from the substation and the disturbances recorder proves that each particular circuit breaker was successfully opened. On that basis, focus was put only on the final opening of the breaker and its arc extinction. The conclusion can be drawn that such a substation fault should have no influence on excessive overvoltages that can threaten the insulation of components in the substation.
Numerical Analysis of Power System Electromechanical and Electromagnetic Transients based on the Finite Element Technique
Authors: I. Jurić-Grgić  , M. Kurtović  , R. Lucić
Published: August 2022

This paper presents a novel technique for numerical analysis of electromagnetic transients and electromechanical oscillations in a power system. The proposed method is based on the finite element method (FEM). The finite element technique so far used for numerical analysis of continuum field problems here has been adopted to analyse electromagnetic and electromechanical transients in a power system. According to the finite element technique in the field problem, where the region of interest is divided into finite elements, in the proposed method power system is also divided into electric power system (finite) elements. Each finite element (generator, transformer, transmission line, load etc.) is characterized by a system of governing differential equations. Using generalized trapezoidal rule, also known as thetamethod for time integration, the system of differential equations of each electric power system (finite) element can be transformed to the system of algebraic equations for every time step. Once when a system of algebraic equations of each electric power system element is obtained, assembly procedure has to be done. The main contribution of the proposed approach is in an assembly procedure. With the proposed approach, in case of any disturbances in power system or in a part of power system, nodal voltage and branch currents will be obtained, as well as all other interesting variables. The proposed method will be tested on the example of the single-phase short circuit in the power system.
Detailed Transients Simulation of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator Wind Turbine System with the EMTP-Type OVNI Simulator
Authors: Mažana Lukić Armstrong  , José R. Martí  , Prabha Kundur
Published: August 2022

Doubly fed induction generator wind turbines are increasingly used in new wind turbine installations all over the world. Growing concerns about the impact of a large number of these generators on transient and voltage stability of power system networks has led engineers to revisit modelling and simulation practices used for system stability analyses. In this paper, the latest advancements in design of the general purpose power system simulator OVNI developed at the University of British Columbia are presented, and its application to the simulation of a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) wind turbine system is shown. Because OVNI is based on the EMTP methodology for accurate detailed modelling, and the Multilevel MATE (Multi-Area Thévenin Equivalent) concept, which, combined with hardware solutions, allows for fast simulation of large power system networks, it represents an ideal tool for testing and developing benchmark models of different wind turbine installations. Using the EMTP approach for modelling of a DFIG wind turbine system and its feeding power network we were able to study the responses of the wind turbine generator to different network events. The ultimate goal of our investigations is the development of a benchmarking process for testing different models of wind turbine generators and determining the range of validity of various degrees of approximations normally used for stability simulation purposes. Due to the rapid development of wind generation technology, it is essential to determine the minimum requirements for dynamic modeling of wind turbine generators for assessing impacts of their installations on the dynamic security and stability of power systems.
Dielectric, Switching and System Requirements under Out-of-Phase Conditions, during Synchronisation and under Comparable Stresses
Authors: A.L.J. Janssen  , F. Iliceto  , Q. Bui-Van  , S. Morais  , M. Waldron  , B. Middelton
Published: August 2022

Recent developments in electrical networks can increase the probability of out-of-phase switching and dielectric stresses being applied to open circuit-breakers, due to asynchronous systems at both sides. This report presents a systematic study of TRV-stresses associated with generator separation and system separation. TRV peak values are higher than required in the Standards, even for relatively small out-of-phase angles (75º to 90º), and the dielectric stresses are high with respect to the shortduration power frequency withstand voltages across a circuit-breaker open contacts, especially taking into consideration the external insulation under pollution and ageing processes. To the opinion of the authors, the Standards should be revised to give users clear and adequate guidance on the assessment and specification of TRV-values and dielectric withstand requirements under out-of-phase conditions.
INSTALLATION OF LSA ON A 400 KV DOUBLE-CIRCUIT LINE IN RUSSIA
Authors: L. Stenström  , N.T. Osiptsov  , J. Taylor  , F. Persson
Published: August 2022

Necessary information for making decisions regarding installation of LSA in a double circuit 400 kV line running between substation Vyborgskaya in Russia and substations Yullikyalya and Kyumi in Finland are discussed. Lightning discharge energy requirements for LSA have been calculated and the risk for single- and double-circuit lightning related faults with and without arresters has been estimated as a function of tower footing resistance. The decisions regarding ultimate number and location of arresters along the line are described and the type and technical data of the arresters selected are given. Furthermore the measuring system used to monitor lightning surges through the arresters is presented as well as the experience from the installation and the 3 years of service.
EVALUATION OF ENERGY STRESS ON LINE ARRESTERS
Authors: Ivo Uglešić  , Viktor Milardić  , Božidar Filipović-Grčić  , A. Tokić
Published: August 2022

Line Surge Arresters (LSAs) are efficient means for the improvement of the lightning performance of transmission lines. Determination of optimal LSA number, location and rating is important for the improvement of the reliability and availability of a transmission system. In selection of the LSA special attention should be paid to their energy stress which depends on complex interactions between the arrester locations, grounding, shielding and the local lightning environment. LSAs experience higher energy stress compared to station arresters, because the incoming surge to a station is limited by insulator flashover on the transmission line and impulse corona. In this paper calculations of energy stresses were carried out for a double-circuit 220 kV line with a single shielding wire. Parametric studies were conducted in which arrester discharge energy was a function of: time to half value of stroke current, number of towers with arresters, footing resistance, span length and angle of power frequency voltage. Arrester energy stress is analyzed in case of stroke to tower and shielding failure. From conducted analysis it can be concluded that energy stress on LSAs is lower for shorter span lengths. Tower footing resistance has only minor effect on the discharge energy. Arrester discharge energy strongly depends on time to half of the stroke current, number of towers with installed arresters and angle of power frequency voltage.
Line Surge Arresters Applications On The Compact Transmission Lines
Authors: S. Sadovic  , D. Lepley  , E. Brocard  , J. M. George
Published: August 2022

This paper presents application of line surge arresters on the compact transmission lines. Single and double circuit compact transmission lines are considered. Line lightning performance is computed using sigma slp simulation software. Different line surge arrester installation configurations are considered. Line lightning performance is computed for different tower footing resistance. Line performance before and after line surge arrester installation are compared. Line lightning performance of the unshielded line with line surge arresters is compared with the performance of the shielded line without line surge arresters. For double circuit shielded compact lines, double circuit outage rate is computed. Influence of the tower footing resistance on the double circuit outage rate is presented.
The Possibility of Insulation Level Reduction on 110 kV Overhead Line with Built-in Post Insulators Using Line Surge Arresters
Authors: Stane Vižintin  , Ivo Kobal  , Miha Bečan
Published: August 2022

Installation of line surge arresters (LSA) on overhead lines is normally accomplished with aim of line performance improvement. Co-ordination insulation procedure carried out during the line design in most cases doesn't take into account a suppression of overvoltages by using any overvoltage limiting devices. The decision supported by poor line performance to install LSA is usually made later. The reduction of overvoltage level depends mainly on the number of LSA installed, but in any case it is considerable. It means that insulation regarding dielectric strength might this way be over dimensioned. This fact could be considered for reduction of phase-to-ground and phase-to-phase distances, which lead to greater level of line compaction. This is of the most importance for lines with post insulators, since shorter insulators could be used and consequently narrower right of way achieved. Our target was to investigate the possibility of reducing lightning overvoltages by using LSA’s attached parallel to the insulators. For the analyses purpose we implemented a mathematical model of a single-system 110 kV compact overhead line. The Sigma Slp software was used for computer simulations. The line was investigated from the perspective of lightning over-voltages as they are the factors the most severely stressing the insulation. We focused to lightning strikes at a tower top for the case of single-phase (C) LSA installation configuration. The main influencing parameters were varied such as lightning current, surge shape and tower earthing resistance according to their most probable values to obtain overvoltage properties. We concluded, that adoption of LSA’s does not only reduce the overvoltage amplitude in that phase but also changes its shape, which has to be taken into account for test impulses generation. The physical model of wooden pole with composite line post insulators was built for testing in high-voltage laboratory. Power frequency and impulse tests were performed on insulators (phase-to-ground) and between phase conductors (phase-to-phase) in dry and wet conditions when necessary. Besides standard also non-standard impulse shape tests were accomplished to obtain withstand voltages for different arching distances. Based on our comparison with the simulation results we concluded that - speaking in terms of lightning overvoltages - it is possible to use insulators for the insulation level Um = 72,5 kV (140/325 kV), if LSA’s in phases A, B and C would be installed. To verify the conclusion in all other respects, further analyses are needed.
Experience of Tyco & Antamina in the Lightning Performance and Reliability Improvement of 220 kV Transmission Lines in Peru
Authors: Jorge Luiz De Franco  , Craig Sutton  , Carlos Riva  , Jorge Tuesta Rivera  , Jose Francisco Montes  , Wilson Alonzo  , Mussolini Tarazona  , Manuel Contreras
Published: August 2022

The Antamina Mine is located in the Antamina valley in the Andes Mountains in the Ancash region of north-central Peru, approximately 270 kilometers north of Lima, Peru. Antamina Mine operations began in late 2001, with an estimated mine life of more than 20 years. The deposit is one of the largest copper-zinc ore bodies in the world. Antamina Mine is electrically connected to five 220 kV transmission lines located in regions with isokeraunic levels from 15 to 90 thunderstorm days per year. In the period from 2002 to 2006, 80 nonschedule outages due to lightning which have affected the process productive have been observed in these lines. Antamina has too a 23 kV overhead shielded distribution ring network in which outages due to lightning have been also observed. In the middle of 2003 Antamina started to work in partnership with Tyco Electronics in order to evaluate the lightning performance of the distribution and transmission lines. With basis in these studies from January 2006 till June 2007, approximately 450 units of line arresters were installed along the distribution network and 265 gapless transmission line arresters (TLA) were installed along the sections of the two 220 kV transmission lines with poorer lightning performance. From October 2006 on only one outage due to lightning was recorded in these two lines, proving the effectiveness of this protection system. This paper presents details about the transmission line lightning performance studies and evaluation carried out by Tyco Electronics and Antamina in this partnership project. Methods to select the arresters characteristics and to define the quantity and the optimized arresters location along the lines are presented. Field experience obtained in these two first years and the line performance / reliability of the system after the TLA application in comparison with the performance before the arresters’ installation are presented and discussed
Lightning Performance Improvement Of 123 kV Line Ston – Komolac By Use Of Line Surge Arresters
Authors: M. Puharić  , M. Mesić  , M. Lovrić  , J. Radovanović  , S. Sadović
Published: August 2022

This paper presents HEP - Transmission System Operator Ltd. Line surge arrester (LSA) application pilot project on the Ston – Komolac 123 kV line. This 44 km long single circuit shielded transmission line operates in the region with a high lightning activity (keraunic level about 70 thunder days). In addition, it was very difficult to obtain good footing resistance. For these reasons, considered line used to have very bad lightning performance. It was decided to install Line surge arresters for line lightning performance improvement. In order to optimize arrester installation configuration sigma slp software simulations were performed. LSA are installed according to the results of the software simulations. LSA are installed in summer 2007 (110 gapless, IEC-class II Line arresters). Sixty one LSA are equipped with Excount - II monitoring sensors (monitoring arrester leakage current and peak of the impulse current). Based on the 8-month experience, LSA installation has improved line lightning performance. New line performance is close to the targeted once (improvement by 50 to 60 %). Surge arrester monitors collect very interesting information. Collected info will be compared with the software simulations.
Lightning Protection of Electric Power Overhead Distribution Lines by Long-Flashover Arresters in Russia
Authors: G. V. Podporkin  , E. S. Kalakutsky  , V.E. Pilshikov  , A. D. Sivaev
Published: August 2022

A simple and effective method for lightning protection of power overhead distribution lines by long flashover arresters (LFAs) is presented. Even large lightning currents do not pose any threat to these arresters because the discharge develops in the air and not inside the device. LFAs, which are based on the creeping discharge effect, increase the lightning flashover length significantly and thus eliminate Power Arc Follow (PAF). To protect a line against induced overvoltages, a single arrester should be mounted on a pole. To protect a line against direct lightning strokes, LFA-M arresters should be mounted in parallel with each insulator. For covered-conductor overhead lines (CCL) using conductors with three-layer insulation a new lightning protection approach is suggested, involving use of antenna-type long flashover arresters whose essential component is the protected conductor itself. The essence of antennatype long flashover arresters (LFA-A) is that the arrester which is connected to the antenna gets flashed over well before the lightning leader comes in immediate contact with the line. The toroid-shaped antenna made of a metal tube is mounted on the covered conductor’s surface midway between the protector’s edge and the piercing clamp with the help of the toroid fixation unit. As the lightning leader progresses from a thunderstorm cloud to the CCL a high potential gets induced on the LFA antenna. A voltage drop that develops between the electrode and the zero-potential conductor core gives rise to development of a creeping discharge. Even before the lightning leader hits the line the creeping discharge channel flashes over the covered conductor’s surface Thereby the conductor insulation get bypassed by the discharge channel and thus protected against puncture. LFA’s main applications and field experience are presented.
First Experience in Monitoring of Line Surge Arresters Installed on 110 kV Transmission Line Ston – Komolac in Croatia
Authors: S. Bojić  , I. Dolić  , A. Sekso  , J. Radovanović  , D. Škarica
Published: August 2022

In paper are presented some first results and experience in real time monitoring of line surge arresters installed on 110 kV transmission line Ston – Komolac in southern part of Croatia. Mentioned line is the first line in Croatian transmission network equipped with line surge arresters (LSA). The line with its length of 43,95 km is situated in region with high soil resistance, exposed to one of the highest level of lightning activity in Croatia. At the same time it is the most important line in connecting HPP Dubrovnik (240 MVA) to the main part of 110 kV transmission network. Due to all mentioned reasons and great number of annual outages, it was decided to equip the line with LSA for improving the lightning performance and the availability of line. As result of performed numerical simulations on simulation line model it was decided to install 110 kV gapless, IEC Class II line arresters. Also, to improve analysis of expected results the 61 line arresters were equipped with Excount-II type of monitoring sensors. The main goal was to determine the behaviour of line arresters arrangement across the line during overvoltage events on towers. This installed “realtime” monitoring system enables remote control and wireless exchange the collected data from local data logger installed on LSA. Line arresters activity is monitoring through numbers, date and time and level of surges and the condition state of LSA, through the measuring of leakage current. First results in application of LSA are showing significant reduction of line outages with registered relatively strong activity of monitored line arresters. Also, as it was expected some particular part of line is espied to be exposed to higher frequency and higher level of registered arresters surge current. During collecting the data of LSA activity, some practical problems were encountered with time synchronization between monitoring devices and it is mentioned and discussed in paper, too. Although the analysed time period of eight months with LSA application is too short to allow strong final conclusions, obtained first experience will be very helpful in assessment of further LSA application in Croatian transmission network.
Presentación
Authors: Moreau Heredia Ricardo
Published: August 2022

Me complazco en presentar el número 37 de la Revista del Archivo General de la Nación, revista que se halla compuesta por las secciones de Historia y Archivística, junto con las Notas y Reseñas.
La Virgen de Guadalupe y el santuario agustino del Perú. Origen y arraigo de una gran devoción en tierras de Trujillo
Authors: Campos y Fernández de Sevilla Francisco Javier
Published: August 2022

El capitán Francisco Pérez de Lezcano hizo voto a la Virgen de Guadalupe de Extremadura (España) que si le libraba de un trance de muerte traería una copia al valle de Pacasmayo donde tenía sus tierras y así lo hizo. Cuando regresó con la imagen la entregó a los agustinos para que cuidasen de ella y su culto.En este trabajo se estudia toda la historia que dio origen a la promesa, la construcción del santuario y los milagros, así como la gran devoción que en tierras del norte del Perú le tienen a la Virgen de Guadalupe. También se aclaran algunos aspectos con la aportación de nueva documentación.
La Casa del Oidor: un monumento histórico en la plaza Mayor de Lima
Authors: Barrera Camarena Henry
Published: August 2022

A través de la revisión de fuentes documentales y hemerográficas, se realizará un análisis del devenir de la denominada Casa del Oidor desde mediados del siglo XVI hasta finales del siglo XX, el cual incluirá a sus primeros propietarios, el origen de su nombre, los cambios arquitectónicos sufridos, la amenaza de demolición en la década de 1950 para reemplazarla por una plazoleta, la restauración impulsada en 1968 por su propietario y el otorgamiento de la categoría de monumento histórico. Por medio de lienzos, grabados y fotografías, podremos realizar un acercamiento más certero en torno al patrimonio y realizar algunos planteamientos acerca de su evolución arquitectónica.
La participación de las mayoralas y mayordomos en el inicio y continuidad de la cofradía de San Antón (1601-1671)
Authors: Dávila Córdova María Fátima
Published: August 2022

Nuestro trabajo de investigación se orienta en delimitar los años de origen y fin de la cofradía de San Antón y a partir de ello establecer el periodo de duración de esta, la presencia y función de las mayoralas y mayordomos, así como indicar los motivos que provocaron la desaparición de la cofradía, en comparación con otras cofradías de similar procedencia, pero que tuvieron mayor continuidad en el tiempo. Asimismo, asumimos que se trató de una cofradía de morenos y mulatos porque es así como se especifica en los documentos que hemos consultado y transcrito, ya que con esos términos se describen las mayoralas y los mayordomos, además de ser así como los reconocía la población. Utilizando el término de morenos con la intención de diferenciarse de la población negra esclava.
El Departamento Marítimo del Callao y la independencia de Guayaquil
Authors: Ortiz Sotelo Jorge
Published: August 2022

La reorganización de la Armada peruana, a fines del siglo XVIII, incluyó la creación del Departamento Marítimo del Callao, en 1799. Gracias a este esfuerzo, el Perú mantuvo un control casi exclusivo del Pacífico sur, pero la creciente presencia de naves británicas, norteamericanas y bonaerenses, unido a la pugna por el control del mar que emprenderán los chilenos luego de su independencia, supuso un fuerte embate a las fuerzas realistas. A pesar de las infructuosas solicitudes de refuerzos a España, con la pérdida del puerto de Guayaquil, principal astillero del virreinato peruano, se debilitó el poder realista, lo que fue definitivo para el desenlace de la Expedición Libertadora.
Natalia González y Raúl Asensio (eds.), La promesa incumplida: ensayos críticos sobre 200 años de vida republicana. Lima: Instituto de Estudios Peruanos, 2021; 471 p.
Authors: Paliza Sánchez Luis Ernesto
Published: August 2022

La celebración del Bicentenario nos ha dejado, para gusto de algunos especialistas, un boom de publicaciones y ediciones conmemorativas sobre el proceso independentista, dentro y fuera de nuestro país. Según Víctor Arrambide y Alex Loayza, solo entre 2020 y 2021 se han presentado 34 textos2 que abordan este periodo, y que se suman a una extensa lista de títulos que viene desde hace algunos años. Este aporte, por supuesto, es valioso, dado que se pone énfasis a un episodio que, por casi un siglo y medio, mantuvo un discurso nacionalista y criollo. En la década del 70 del siglo pasado, gracias a una nueva generación de historiadores, se cuestionó y propuso una nueva y arriesgada interpretación de la independencia del Perú. De igual forma, en las últimas décadas han aparecido nuevos enfoques y debates sobre dicho proceso que, como muy pocas veces, ayudan a enriquecer la discusión de nuestra historia.
Factors that Influence Caesarean Section Delivery at Columbia Asia Hospital Medan
Authors: Sinaga Dewi Eva Imawati , P Thomson , Asriwati Asriwati
Published: August 2022

Delivery is the process of expelling the products of conception (fetus and placenta). Caesarean section is a delivery in which the fetus is born through an incision in the front wall of the abdomen and uterine wall with the condition that the uterus is intact and the fetal weight is above 4000 grams. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the delivery of Caesarean section at Columbia Asia Hospital Medan in 2020.This study used a quantitative method with a cross sectional design, with a research sample of 40 respondents. This study used a questionnaire. The research was conducted on March-October 2021 as a follow-up to the end of the research. The analysis of this study used Univariate, Bivariate and Multivariate. The statistical test used chi square test and logistic regressionThe results of the study on the effect of Age (P-value 0.000), Parity (P-value 0.000), Knowledge (P-value .003), Trust (P-value 0.000), Childbirth Indications (P-value 0.001), Anxiety (P-value .002), Husband's Perception (P-value .001) and based on the logistic regression test of age, parity, confidence, labor indications, anxiety, husband's perception were variables that affect the delivery of cesarean section.The conclusion in this study shows that there is a significant influence between age, anxiety and work on cesarean delivery. It is suggested and expected to midwives on duty at Columbia Asia Hospital Medan City to provide health education about family planning to mothers after giving birth so that pregnancy does not occur before 2 years.
Analysis of the Implementation of Patient Safety Targets by Nurses in Installations in Regional General Hospital dr. Fauziah Bireuen
Authors: Muzauwir Muzauwir , Fitriani Arifah Devi , Lubis Masnelly
Published: August 2022

Patient safety in a hospital is a service system in a hospital that provides safer patient care, including measuring risk, identifying and managing risks to patients, analyzing incidents, the ability to learn and follow up on incidents and implement solutions to reduce risks. This study aims to describe the implementation of patient safety goals by nurses on the quality of service in the inpatient room at RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen. This research is a qualitative research that will take place from November to December 2021. The research informants are the director of the hospital and 2 quality committee members at RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen, 7 nurses, 3 patients who are being hospitalized at RSUD dr. Fauziah Bireuen. The research instrument is interviews. The results of the research on the management of patient safety at the dr. General Hospital. Fauziah Bireuen has been implemented based on the Regulation of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2015 concerning the National Guidelines for Hospital Patient Safety and the Hospital Accreditation Commission. So that the results of this study can be used as input for making training programs for nurses related to patient safety.
Analysis of Factors Affecting the Achievement of the Immunization Program at Community Health Center Patek Darul Hikmah District Aceh Jaya
Authors: Lestari Diana , Efendy Ismail , Wulan Mayang
Published: August 2022

Complete immunization in healthy Indonesia demonstrates the importance and benefits of immunization for the health of children and the world community, addresses the immunization coverage gap through increased program investment, and conveys that complete routine immunization is the basis for strong health. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence the achievement of the immunization program at the Patek Health Center, Darul Hikmah District, Aceh Jaya Regency. This qualitative study contained a sample of 10 people, namely 3 main informants from the Head of the Patek Health Center, 1 immunization Programmer and 1 Implementing Midwife and 5 Village Midwives supporting informants and 2 Community. The results of the research explained by informants that Facilities and infrastructure Although there are still mothers who still do not want to bring their children to immunization, Process (planning, implementation, monitoring, evaluation) Planning for immunization activities every month, implementing posyandu not for immunization at Puskesmas, Monitoring monitoring of the local area (PWS), Evaluation of the level of immunization coverage for measles has not been achieved properly. The output of this activity is carried out with cross-programme, cross-sectoral collaboration, professional organizations, NGOs, and community officers/cadres. and Outcome of immunization achievement did not reach 85%. Conclusions and Suggestions It is hoped that as input for the Patek Health Center, Darul Hikmah District, that research provides a positive discourse to further improve the quality of Immunization Program Achievements so that it runs effectively.