bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Target Game Training on Shooting Accuracy in Players Bale Junior FC of Banda Aceh City
Authors: Irfandi Irfandi , Rahmat Zikrur , Mousa Salbani
Published: February 2023

Some Bale Junior players in Banda Aceh City still have difficulty in practicing shooting techniques towards the target correctly and correctly, so to overcome this, one of them can be given with target game treatment. This study aims to determine how much influence the target game practice has on the shooting accuracy of Bale Junior FC players. This research approach is quantitative with the method and design used one-groups pretest-posttest design with 12 treatments. The population in this study were all 15 players of Bale Junior FC. The data collection technique is total sampling, so the sample in this study is all Bale Junior FC players, the data collection technique in this study uses shooting accuracy tests with shooting tests. The data analysis technique used is normality test, homogeneity test and hypothesis. The results showed that there was a significant effect of target game practice on shooting accuracy on Bale Junior FC players. It can be seen from the mean value of the pretest 82 which is smaller than the posttest 112. This means that on average the children experience an increase in shooting scores towards the target target. Thus it can be concluded that there is a significant effect between target game practice on shooting accuracy on Bale Junior FC players in Banda Aceh City.
Correlation of Height and Weight to 50 M Running Speed at PSDS Sukorejo Football School
Authors: Kusuma Anjasmara Wahyud , Pamungkas Hari , Nidomuddin Muhammad
Published: February 2023

Football player to achieve good game results must be able to master all parts and various basic techniques of playing football skills, the basic techniques of playing football determine the extent to which a player can improve the quality of his game. Biological factors, in this case body posture, include: 1) Body height and length; 2) Large size, width, and body weight; 3) Endomorphy body shape, which is short, fat, mesomorphy (athletic), ectomorphy (height and thin). With the capital of a good football player, it will certainly bring Indonesia to world football achievements. This research is a correlation research with the aim of connecting the independent variable and the dependent variable. The population and sample of this study were SSB PSDS Sukorejo. Data collection techniques using test and measurement techniques, data analysis techniques using product moment correlation statistics from Karl Pearson with a significant level of 5%. The result of the calculation between each independent and dependent variable above, which is interpreted between the independent variable and the dependent variable, where the calculation is operated manually using Microsoft Excel, it is known that the overall correlation coefficient value is rX1Y = 0.96 and rX2Y = 0.951 rtable value. = 0.514 and rX1.2Y = 1.887.
Improving Learning Outcomes of Hanging Style Long Jump Through Playing Method for Junior High School Students in Blitar
Authors: Septiawan Digno Dwi , Mardikaninsih Agusti , Istiawan Nurcholis , Widyaningrum Diyah Ayu
Published: February 2023

The long jump is one of the race numbers in athletics. One of the styles for doing the long jump is the hanging style, which is the basic movement that students do when demonstrating the long jump, where in the floating phase it is done with a hanging attitude. The results of observations at SMP Negeri 1 Selorejo, Blitar Regency, showed that student learning outcomes were very low. This is because the hanging style long jump is quite difficult to move, so teachers must intensively teach students, both through appropriate methods and media. One way is to apply the playing method using modified media or tools, such as used motorcycle tires and cardboard for jumping media. This study aims to determine the improvement of learning outcomes in the hanging style long jump through the play method for class VII C students at SMP Negeri 1 Selorejo, Blitar Regency. This research method is Classroom Action Research (CAR) which consists of two cycles with the provision of repeated actions in each cycle through the stages of planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of grade VII C students at SMP Negeri 1 Selorejo, Blitar Regency who completed (final score of the hanging style long jump test KKM 80) in cycle 1 was 68% with an average test score of 80. However, the percentage of students' learning mastery increased. to 88% in cycle 2 with the average test score increased to 87.1. This shows that the percentage of students in grade VII C of SMP Negeri 1 Selorejo, Blitar Regency who have completed, is increasing after students are given an action in the form of learning the hanging style long jump through the play method for two cycles.
Efforts to Improve Student Learning Outcomes in Football Learning with a Shooting Color Game Approach in State Junior High School Grade VII Students 3 Regency of Nangaroro Satap Aegela Nagekeo
Authors: Ernata Yusvidha , Taso Sandro Sabinus
Published: February 2023

Students' interest in physical education is still low, which should be counteracted given the many educational goals that can be achieved through physical education. Teachers should be able to look for something new in the innovative learning process and maximize learning outcomes. Is the shooting color game approach able to improve student learning outcomes in the game of football for students in the VII SMPN Nangaroro Satap Aegela Nagekeo District? The goal of this study was to improve student learning outcomes in football learning using a color shooting game approach in students in grade VII at SMPN 3 Nangaroro Satap Aegela Nagekeo Regency. Class action research was conducted in Cycle 2. The 34 participants in the study were all seventh-grade students. observational data collection techniques in the form of documents and photographs the findings revealed that using the shooting color game approach, penjasorkes' learning in football games increased. This study found that the knowledge aspect improved by 29.41%, the attitude aspect improved by 8.82%, and the skill aspect improved by 23.53%. It is expected that the shooting color game approach can be used as an alternative to improve student learning outcomes in football games.
Understanding Shooting in Football Games Survey of Grade VIII Students at State Junior High School 12, Buru, Waplau District
Authors: Buamona Irsan , Windriyani Shinta Masitho
Published: February 2023

Understanding of shooting material for class VIII SMP Negeri 12 Buru, Waplau District is in good category. This study aims to determine the shooting skills of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 12 Buru, Waplau District. The purpose of the study was to determine the basic shooting technique skills in the eighth grade soccer game of SMP Negeri 12 Buru, Waplau District. this research is descriptive research. This study used the research subjects of class VIII students aged 13-15 years at SMP Negeri 12 Buru, Waplau District with 20 students as research subjects. The technique of collecting data is with a soccer game shooting test. The results showed that the eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 12 Buru, Waplau Sub-district were in the good category, with the following percentages: 2 students were in the "enough" category with a percentage of 10%; 15 students included in the "good" category with a percentage of 75%; and 3 students included in the “very good” category with a percentage of 15%.
The Impact of Moving Image Learning Media on Upper Passing and Lower Passing Volleyball Learning Outcomes in State Elementary School 1 Grade V Students Cepokomulyo Kepanjen
Authors: Kuswandi Abdul Hamid , Artanty Ary , Prasetya Dimas Arif
Published: February 2023

As technology developes, there is hope for teachers to organize learning activities by utilizing various media. One of them is the use of moving image media (audiovisual) to teach student the technique of passing up and down volley ball to students. The aim is not onlky as an exercise simulation but also to provide a variety of media for the student learning prosess, so as to minimize student boredom. This study aims to determine the effect of moving image learning media on the learning outcomes of upper and lower passing volley ball for fifth grade students at SD Negeri 1 Cepokomulyo Kepanjen. This research method is a quantitative experiment with the One Group Pretest Posttest Design pattern. The population is class V students, totaling 20 students. The form of the test is the Brandy Wall volley ball test to measure the results of learning the upper and lower passing of volley ball, which is carried out on the pretest and posttest. The Brandy Wallvolley test on the over passing technique is known to have an average pretest score of 31.1, then increased to 37.1 in the posttest. Meanwhile, the results of the Brandy Wall volley test on the passing technique revealed that the average pretest score was 21.5, then increased to 26.1 in the posttest. As for the results of the t-test, it is known that the value of tes 1 (3.97)>t table (1.70) so that Ha1 is accepted and H01 is rejected and the value of t tes 2 (3.76) > t table (1.70) so that Ha2 is accepted and Ho2 is rejected. The conculsion of this study is that there is a significant effect of moving image learing media on the learning outcomes of upper and lower passing volley ball student of class V SD Negeri 1 Cepokomulyo Kepanjen.
Survey Hand-eye Coordination Ability of Tarung Derajat Athletes Bantul
Authors: Iwandana Dody Tri , Falaahudin Ardhika , Romadhoni Muhammad
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the eye-hand coordination ability of the Tarung Derajat Athletes in Bantul Regency. This study used a descriptive research design with a survey method. The population of this study amounted to 12 Tarung Derajat athletes, Bantul Regency. . The sample in this study used a total sampling technique of 12 Tarung Derajat athletes, both male and female, Bantul Regency. Data collection techniques used in this study were tests and measurements. Data analysis in this study used SPSS version 25. Based on the results of research analysis with a sample of 12 fighting athletes, the average eye-hand coordination was 11.25 with a standard deviation of 3.744, the highest score was 19 and the lowest score was 5. Then the results of the eye-hand coordination test showed that the number of athletes who were categorized as poor was 3 alit, the moderate category consisted of 5 athletes, the good category consisted of 3 athletes and the excellent category consisted of 1 athlete. So it can be concluded that the majority of Tarung Derajat athletes' eye-hand coordination abilities in Bantul Regency are in the moderate category.
Unruptured intracranial aneurysms: balancing risks and benefits of preventive treatment
Authors:   , Algra Annechien Mijna
Published: February 2023

A brain aneurysm is a bulge in a blood vessel in the brain caused by a weakness in the blood vessel wall. Rupture causes subarachnoid haemorrhage, a subset of stroke with a poor prognosis. To prevent rupture, brain aneurysms can be treated preventively by neurosurgical treatment (clipping) or by an endovascular approach via the groin.

In the first part of this thesis, we describe the current treatment risks of preventive aneurysm treatments. With a group of international aneurysm experts we developed two risk scores to better predict the risk of neurological complications. For this study, we collected data from 10 hospitals in Europe, North America, and Asia. Based on a combination of seven patient, aneurysm and treatment characteristics, the risk scores allow for a better individual assessment of the risk of complications. The treatment risks in our study are higher than in previous studies. This can be explained by differences in definitions. Earlier studies focused on complications with severe consequences (death or dependence), while we also included treatment complications causing non-permanent neurological deterioration.

The second part of this thesis describes the quality-of-life (QoL) outcomes in patients with and without a preventive aneurysm treatment in the first year after diagnosis. We found that treated patients experienced more restrictions during their recovery period, but that their QoL gradually increased afterwards. For untreated patients, the greatest improvement in QoL occurred directly after visiting the aneurysm clinic. A passive coping style is the most important predictor of poor QoL outcomes in all aneurysm patients.
In-Stent Restenosis After Carotid Artery Stenting: From Diagnosis to Treatment
Authors: Di Gioia Giuseppe , Scordino Domenico , Campanale Cosimo Marco , Miglionico Marco , Creta Antonio , Proscia Claudio , Ragni Laura , Colaiori Iginio , Di Sciascio Germano
Published: February 2023

Although carotid artery stenting is a safe and effective treatment for preventing ischaemic stroke in significant carotid atherosclerotic disease, it can be complicated by in-stent restenosis (ISR). Factors involved in the ISR process are both mechanical and patient-related, but the most important is the neointimal thickening within stent struts, leading to lumen reduction. Overall incidence of carotid ISR is low and related embolic risk seems to be lower than native disease. Digital subtraction angiography is the gold standard for diagnosis. Nowadays, Doppler ultrasound should be considered the first-line investigation, due to its non-invasiveness and reproducibility. Computed tomography angiography remains useful when Doppler ultrasound is inconclusive. Indication and modality of treatment of ISR are still debated: both surgery (carotid endarterectomy with stent removal in most cases) or interventional procedures such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty with simple balloon, cutting-balloon, drug-eluting balloon, and stenting, showed safety and efficacy in follow-up. Surgery is currently reserved for selected cases. Carotid ISR is an overall rare complication which can be easily identified at routine follow-up. This paper is a literature review and state-of-the-art assessment of ISR, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment.
Biologic Therapies: From Complexity to Clinical Practice in a Changing Environment
Authors: Lane Vanessa
Published: February 2023

This symposium provided an opportunity for global experts to discuss the challenges posed by the introduction of biosimilars. The impact of the manufacturing process on clinical outcomes, maintaining treatment responses over the long term, and issues surrounding patient management in a changing environment were addressed.

The symposium was opened by Prof Panaccione describing the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treatment in the last 20 years and how biologics have improved outcomes. Prof D’Haens provided an explanation of the complexity surrounding biologic drug development and the hurdles facing drug manufacturers when ensuring high quality and consistently performing products over time. Prof Panaccione discussed the clinical challenges in balancing the transition from induction to maintenance therapy in order to provide a clinically relevant and sustained response to therapy. He also discussed the evidence for long-term outcomes with adalimumab for IBD. Prof Feagan highlighted the issues faced by clinicians treating patients with biologics, including the ability to switch between biologics without loss of efficacy or impact on safety, and the need to consider interchangeability between biologic therapies and the potential risk and impact of immunogenicity.
Thrombosis in Haematological Disorders: Tailored Management Approaches
Authors: Amirthalingam Saroshi
Published: February 2023

The meeting commenced with a talk from Prof Anna Falanga on the management of thrombosis in both onco-haematological and non-oncological diseases. Adjunct Prof Sakari Jokiranta gave an overview of the complement system and the interplay between the complement and coagulation systems. Dysregulation of complement and resulting disease states were also discussed. The session was concluded with a presentation from Dr Anita Hill on the management of thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH).
A PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING THE PROJECTIVE RANGE AND STRAGGLING OF IONS IN A SOLIDUSING THE APPROXIMATION OF V.V. YUDIN
Authors:   Institute of Semiconductor Physics and Microelectronics at the National University of Uzbekistan named after Mirzo Ulugbek, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, UTAMURADOVA SHARIFA , MUMINOV RAMIZULLA ,   Physical-Technical Institute of the Scientific-Production Association “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, DYSKIN VALERY ,   Institute of Material Science of the Scientific-Production Association “Physics-Sun” of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan, TUKFATULLIN OSKAR
Published: February 2023

Ion implantation is the basis of many technological processes in electronics and microelectronics. The main quantities characterizing the penetration of ions into a solid are as follows; the length of the path of the ion until it stops completely, the average value of the projection of the total path on the direction of motion R̅p, and the average normal deviation of the projection of the path ΔR̅p. To calculate these values, computer programs SRIM, TRIM, and DYNE have been created, which require installation on a personal computer and occupy a large amount of hard disk space, which is not always justified in engineering practice. This paper describes an algorithm for a simple, installation-free program for calculating R̅p and ΔR̅p. The program algorithm is based on the Lindhard-Scharff-Schiott theory.
DC BOOST CONVERTER USING A FUZZY CONTROL SYSTEM, SIMULATED IN SIMULINK
Authors:   Institute of Oil Refining and Petrochemistry of the Ufa State Petroleum Technological University, Salavat, Russian Federation, KOVALCHUK GRIGORIY , KHISMATULLIN AZAT
Published: February 2023

Decisive for the operation of voltage, current and power converters is the choice of control method. Control of complex dynamic systems in conditions of insufficient or fuzzy information requires the involvement of non-standard approaches during the construction of the control system. There are two possible ways out of the traditional framework of linear control. The first, is to develop more accurate nonlinear models on which high-performance controller design can be based. However, when choosing this way, one has to develop very complex control algorithms, and, consequently, the controller will perform complex mathematical calculations, which can have a negative impact on the control speed and response. Another way is to use a neural network controller based on fuzzy logic. Fuzzy logic is a generalization of mathematical logic and set theory, which is a function of the object belonging to a set and can take any value in the range [0; 1], not only 0 or 1. In the case of fuzzy logic we don't need simulation, because the whole work on designing of the controller is reduced to the transformation of the rules included in the fuzzy logic into the algorithm of automatic control.
MODELING THE KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF UNIVERSAL JOINT
Authors:   Ural Federal University named after the first President B.N. Yeltsin, Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation, MITYUSHOV EVGENII , MISYURA NATALIA , LAMOTKIN ALEXEY , RASKATOV EVGENII
Published: February 2023

The universal joint or Hooke joint, or U-joint is the main unit of the cardan transmission, which consists of two joints connected by an intermediate shaft. Cardan gears are widely used in various industries when creating machines with power transfer from the output shaft of the gearbox to the crank shaft in the absence of their coaxiality. A sufficiently large number of works are devoted to the study of the kinematics of the universal joint, and there are no works on its dynamics. Such a description became possible due to the use of matrix and quaternion formalism in describing the movement of the universal joint. In this paper, a complete description of the kinematics of the universal joint in its working cycle in terms of analogues of angular velocities is obtained and, on this basis, the dynamics of the joint is studied, taking into account its inertial characteristics. It is shown that taking into account the inertial characteristics of the U-joint cross can lead to a significant increase in the magnitude of the torque, the effectiveness on the spikes, in contact with the fork of the driven shaft.
Learning Communities Redux: The Value of Experiential Learning within a Learning Community
Authors: Haeg Claire , Siver Christi
Published: February 2023

The terms "experiential learning" and "learning communities" both appear on current lists of high impact practices in higher education. But while internships have consistently been the subject of pedagogical study over the past fifty years, the study of learning communities, after an initial flurry of activity in the 1990s, declined precipitously. With our institution's Washington D.C. Summer Study Program as its focus, this study proposes to use qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the quality of students internship experiences, asking the question How does an internship completed within a learning community increase a student experiential learning and subsequent civic engagement? We also hope, through focus groups, to better understand the underlying causal process between the students experiences and their subsequent civic engagement and long-term career success.
Cell death regulation in myocardial toxicity induced by antineoplastic drugs
Authors: Yu Xue , Yang Yan , Chen Tianzuo , Wang Yuqin , Guo Tianwei , Liu Yujun , Li Hong , Yang Liming
Published: February 2023

Homeostatic regulation of cardiomyocytes plays a critical role in maintaining normal physiological activity of cardiac tissue. Severe cardiotoxicity can lead to heart disease, including but not limited to arrhythmias, myocardial infarction and cardiac hypertrophy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in developing new therapies for cancer that have dramatically changed the treatment of several malignancies and continue to improve patient survival, but can also lead to serious cardiac adverse effects. Mitochondria are key organelles that maintain homeostasis in myocardial tissue and have been extensively involved in various cardiovascular disease episodes, including ischemic cardiomyopathy, heart failure and stroke. Several studies support that mitochondrial targeting is a major determinant of the cardiotoxic effects triggered by chemotherapeutic agents increasingly used in solid and hematologic tumors. This antineoplastic therapy-induced mitochondrial toxicity is due to different mechanisms, usually altering the mitochondrial respiratory chain, energy production and mitochondrial kinetics, or inducing mitochondrial oxidative/nitrosative stress, ultimately leading to cell death. This review focuses on recent advances in forms of cardiac cell death and related mechanisms of antineoplastic drug-induced cardiotoxicity, including autophagy, ferroptosis, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis, explores and evaluates key proteins involved in cardiac cell death signaling, and presents recent advances in cardioprotective strategies for this disease. It aims to provide theoretical basis and targets for the prevention and treatment of pharmacological cardiotoxicity in clinical settings.
Recent updates in click and computational chemistry for drug discovery and development
Authors: Cai Jiang Hong , Zhu Xuan Zhe , Guo Peng Yue , Rose Peter , Liu Xiao Tong , Liu Xia , Zhu Yi Zhun
Published: February 2023

Drug discovery is a costly and time-consuming process with a very high failure rate. Recently, click chemistry and computer-aided drug design (CADD) represent popular areas for new drug development. Herein, we summarized the recent updates in click and computational chemistry for drug discovery and development including clicking to effectively synthesize druggable candidates, synthesis and modification of natural products, targeted delivery systems, and computer-aided drug discovery for target identification, seeking out and optimizing lead compounds, ADMET prediction as well as compounds synthesis, hopefully, inspires new ideas for novel drug development in the future.
Gender, sexual orientation, ethnicity and socioeconomic factors influence how wildland firefighters communicate their work experiences
Authors: Ragland Miranda , Harrell Jennifer , Ripper Molly , Pearson Seth , Granberg Rachel , Verble Robin
Published: February 2023

As climates change, natural resource professionals are often working on the frontlines of intensifying environmental disasters, acting in both scientific and emergency response roles. One subset of this group, wildland firefighters often engage in multifaceted careers that incorporate elements of resource planning, conservation management, community disaster relief, and operational management. Despite these STEM roles and nearly half (48%) of them having earned at least a bachelor's degree, usually in a STEM field, wildland firefighters are almost exclusively lumped with emergency responders in the scientific literature. We surveyed 708 wildland firefighters with 9 open response questions as part of a larger survey asking about experiences and attitudes in the United States federal workplace. From their responses and voluntarily provided demographic data, we extracted information about response length, use of hedges, tag questions and imperatives, use of personal language, use of expletives and derogatory language, use of apologetic language, and the types of responses provided. We then analyzed whether certain demographic and socioeconomic factors were statistical predictors of language use in wildland firefighter survey responses with the goal of ultimately providing a framework for differentiating and identifying factors that may influence employee retention, attitudes, morale, and experiences among wildland firefighter sub-demographics. We found that different demographic groups varied in their responses to questions: Minority groups used fewer words and were more likely to relate personal experiences than majority groups.
In-hospital and one-year outcomes in cancer patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention for acute myocardial infarction: A real-world study
Authors: Tang Manyun , Wang Yidan , Cao Xiangqi , Day John D. , Liu Hui , Sun Chaofeng , Li Guoliang
Published: February 2023

Background

Cancer and ischemic heart disease are the leading causes of mortality. The optimal management for patients with concomitant acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and cancer remains challenging.

Objective

To evaluate in-hospital and 1-year adverse outcomes in cancer patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to treat AMI.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study, patients with cancer admitted to The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University for AMI and discharged between January 2015 and June 2020 were analyzed. The outcomes were all-cause mortality at 1-year follow up and incidence of in-hospital adverse events, including arrhythmias, heart failure, major bleeding, stroke, and all-cause death.

Results

A total of 119 patients were included, of these, 68 (57.1%) received PCI (PCI group) and 51 (42.9%) did not (non-PCI group). Patients in the PCI group had a lower incidence of in-hospital arrhythmias (22.1 vs. 39.2%; p = 0.042), major bleeding (2.9 vs. 15.7%; p = 0.013), and all-cause mortality (1.5 vs. 11.8%; p = 0.018) than those in non-PCI group. On 1-year follow-up, the PCI group had a lower all-cause mortality than the non-PCI group (log-rank test = 14.65; p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression showed that PCI is an independent protective factor (adjusted HR = 0.503 [0.243–0.947], p = 0.045) for cancer patients who have concomitant AMI.

Conclusion

Cancer patients receiving PCI for AMI had a lower risk of in-hospital adverse events and mortality as well as 1-year all-cause mortality compared to those who refused PCI. Our study therefore supports the use of PCI to improve prognosis of this selected group of patients.
Natural language processing for automated triage and prioritization of individual case safety reports for case-by-case assessment
Authors: Lieber Thomas , Gosselt Helen R. , Kools Pelle C. , Kruijssen Okko C. , Van Lierop Stijn N. C. , Härmark Linda , Van Hunsel Florence P. A. M.
Published: February 2023

Objective: To improve a previously developed prediction model that could assist in the triage of individual case safety reports using the addition of features designed from free text fields using natural language processing.

Methods: Structured features and natural language processing (NLP) features were used to train a bagging classifier model. NLP features were extracted from free text fields. A bag-of-words model was applied. Stop words were deleted and words that were significantly differently distributed among the case and non-case reports were used for the training data. Besides NLP features from free-text fields, the data also consisted of a list of signal words deemed important by expert report assessors. Lastly, variables with multiple categories were transformed to numerical variables using the weight of evidence method.

Results: the model, a bagging classifier of decision trees had an AUC of 0.921 (95% CI = 0.918–0.925). Generic drug name, info text length, ATC code, BMI and patient age. were most important features in classification.

Conclusion: this predictive model using Natural Language Processing could be used to assist assessors in prioritizing which future ICSRs to assess first, based on the probability that it is a case which requires clinical review.
Divergence in metabolomic profile in clownfish and damselfish skin mucus
Authors: Heim Sara , Teav Tony , Gallart-Ayala Hector , Ivanisevic Julijana , Salamin Nicolas
Published: February 2023

Introduction

The clownfish - sea anemone mutualism was suggested to have triggered the adaptive radiation of clownfishes, but the origin of clownfish resistance to stinging tentacles of host anemones remains unclear. The presence of specific compounds in the mucus of clownfishes conferring them the unique ability to prevent nematocyst discharge from their hosts has been the most supported hypothesis. Yet the mystery regarding the types of compounds found in clownfish skin mucus remains unsolved.

Methods

We analyzed the chemical composition of clownfish and damselfish mucus using an untargeted metabolomics (HILIC-HRMS) and lipidomics (RPLC-HRMS) approach.

Results and Discussion

The polar and lipid metabolome signatures were highly specific and allowed to discriminate between the clownfish and damselfish clades. The most discriminative part of the signature was the sphingolipid profile, displaying a broader diversity of ceramides present in significantly higher levels in clownfish mucus. Importantly, the inter-specific variability of metabolic signature was significantly higher in clownfishes, although their diversification is evolutionarily more recent, thus implying the impact of symbiosis on metabolic variability and adaptation. Furthermore, specialists and generalists clownfish species displayed distinctive metabolite signature. Two strict clownfish specialists, which are phylogenetically distant but share the same host species, clustered together based on their molecular signature, suggesting a link with their mutualistic nature. Overall, comparative analyses of metabolic signatures highlight differences in chemical composition of clownfish mucus and provide insight into biochemical pathways potentially implicated in clownfish adaptation to inhabit sea anemones and consequently diversify.
Microbial contamination and composition of oral samples subjected to clinical whole genome sequencing
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Skrahina Volha , Atta Joshua , Boettcher Veronika , Hanig Nicola , Rolfs Arndt , Oprea Gabriela , Ameziane Najim
Published: February 2023

Biological material from the oral cavity is an excellent source of samples for genetic diagnostics. This is because collection is quick, easy-to-access, and non-invasive. We have set-up clinical whole genome sequence testing for patients with suspected hereditary disease. Beside the excellent quality of human DNA that can be isolated from such samples, we observed the presence of non-human DNA sequences at varying percentages. We investigated the proportion of non-human mapped reads (NHMR) sequenced from buccal swabs and saliva, the type of microbial genomes from which they were derived, and impact on molecular classification. Read sequences that did not map to the human reference genome were aligned to complete reference microbial reference sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s (NCBI) RefSeq database using Kraken2. Out of 765 analyzed samples over 80% demonstrated more than 5% NHMRs. The majority of NHMRs were from bacterial genomes (average 69%, buccal swabs and 54% saliva), while the proportion of viruses was low, averaging 0.32% (buccal swabs) and 0.07% (saliva). We identified more than 30 different bacterial families of which Streptococcus mitis and Rothia mucilaginosa were the most common species. Importantly, the level of contamination did not impact the diagnostic yield.
ROCKETS – a novel one-for-all toolbox for light sheet microscopy in drug discovery
Authors: Mueller Joerg P. J. , Dobosz Michael , O’Brien Nils , Abdoush Nassri , Giusti Anna Maria , Lechmann Martin , Osl Franz , Wolf Ann-Katrin , Arellano-Viera Estibaliz , Shaikh Haroon , Sauer Markus , Rosenwald Andreas , Herting Frank , Umaña Pablo , Colombetti Sara , Pöschinger Thomas , Beilhack Andreas
Published: February 2023

Advancing novel immunotherapy strategies requires refined tools in preclinical research to thoroughly assess drug targets, biodistribution, safety, and efficacy. Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) offers unprecedented fast volumetric ex vivo imaging of large tissue samples in high resolution. Yet, to date laborious and unstandardized tissue processing procedures have limited throughput and broader applications in immunological research. Therefore, we developed a simple and harmonized protocol for processing, clearing and imaging of all mouse organs and even entire mouse bodies. Applying this Rapid Optical Clearing Kit for Enhanced Tissue Scanning (ROCKETS) in combination with LSFM allowed us to comprehensively study the in vivo biodistribution of an antibody targeting Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule (EpCAM) in 3D. Quantitative high-resolution scans of whole organs did not only reveal known EpCAM expression patterns but, importantly, uncovered several new EpCAM-binding sites. We identified gustatory papillae of the tongue, choroid plexi in the brain and duodenal papillae as previously unanticipated locations of high EpCAM expression. Subsequently, we confirmed high EpCAM expression also in human tongue and duodenal specimens. Choroid plexi and duodenal papillae may be considered as particularly sensitive sites due to their importance for liquor production or as critical junctions draining bile and digestive pancreatic enzymes into the small bowel, respectively. These newly gained insights appear highly relevant for clinical translation of EpCAM-addressing immunotherapies. Thus, ROCKETS in combination with LSFM may help to set new standards for preclinical evaluation of immunotherapeutic strategies. In conclusion, we propose ROCKETS as an ideal platform for a broader application of LSFM in immunological research optimally suited for quantitative co-localization studies of immunotherapeutic drugs and defined cell populations in the microanatomical context of organs or even whole mice.
Perioperative outcomes of neoadjuvant chemotherapy plus camrelizumab compared with chemotherapy alone and chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell cancer
Authors: Zhang Baihua , Zhao Hongbo , Wu Xun , Gong Lianghui , Yang Desong , Li Xu , Chen Xiaoyan , Li Jigang , Wang Wenxiang , Wu Jie , Xiao Qin
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy (nCIT) is becoming a new therapeutic frontier for resectable esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, crucial details and technical know-how regarding surgical techniques and the perioperative challenges following nCIT remain poorly understood. The study investigated and compared the advantages and disadvantages of esophagectomy following nCIT with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) and chemoradiotherapy (nCRT).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed data of patients initially diagnosed with resectable ESCC at clinical stage T2-4N+ and received neoadjuvant therapy followed by esophagectomy at the Hunan Cancer Hospital between October 2014 and February 2021. Patients were divided into three groups according to neoadjuvant treatment: (i) nCIT; (ii) nCT; and (iii) nCRT.

Results

There were 34 patients in the nCIT group, 97 in the nCT group, and 31 in the nCRT group. Compared with nCT, nCIT followed by esophagectomy achieved higher pathological complete response (pCR; 29.0% versus 4.1%, p<0.001) and major pathological response (MPR; 52.9% versus 16.5%, p<0.001) rates, more resected lymph nodes during surgery (25.06 ± 7.62 versus 20.64 ± 9.68, p=0.009), less intraoperative blood loss (200.00 ± 73.86 versus 266.49 ± 176.29 mL, p=0.035), and comparable results in other perioperative parameters. Compared with nCRT, nCIT achieved similar pCR (29.0% versus 25.8%) and MPR (52.9% versus 51.6%, p=0.862) rates, with significantly more lymph nodes resected during surgery (25.06 ± 7.62 versus 16.94 ± 7.24, p<0.001), shorter operation time (267.79 ± 50.67 versus 306.32 ± 79.92 min, p=0.022), less intraoperative blood loss (200.00 ± 73.86 versus 264.53 ± 139.76 mL, p=0.022), and fewer ICU admissions after surgery (29.4% versus 80.6%, p<0.001). Regarding perioperative adverse events and complications, no significant statistical differences were detected between the nCIT and the nCT or nCRT groups. The 3-year overall survival rate after nCIT was 73.3%, slightly higher than 46.1% after nCT and 39.7% after nCRT, with no statistically significant differences (p=0.883).

Conclusions

This clinical analysis showed that nCIT is safe and feasible, with satisfactory pCR and MPR rates. Esophagectomy following nCIT has several perioperative advantages over nCT and nCRT, with comparable perioperative morbidity and mortality. The long-term survival benefits after nCIT still requires further investigation.
Inhibition of pathologic immunoglobulin E in food allergy by EBF-2 and active compound berberine associated with immunometabolism regulation
Authors: Yang Nan , Maskey Anish R. , Srivastava Kamal , Kim Monica , Wang Zixi , Musa Ibrahim , Shi Yanmei , Gong Yixuan , Fidan Ozkan , Wang Julie , Dunkin David , Chung Danna , Zhan Jixun , Miao Mingsan , Sampson Hugh A. , Li Xiu-Min
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Food allergy is a significant public health problem with limited treatment options. As Food Allergy Herbal Formula 2 (FAHF-2) showed potential as a food allergy treatment, we further developed a purified version named EBF-2 and identified active compounds. We investigated the mechanisms of EBF-2 on IgE-mediated peanut (PN) allergy and its active compound, berberine, on IgE production.

Methods

IgE plasma cell line U266 cells were cultured with EBF-2 and FAHF-2, and their effects on IgE production were compared. EBF-2 was evaluated in a murine PN allergy model for its effect on PN-specific IgE production, number of IgE+ plasma cells, and PN anaphylaxis. Effects of berberine on IgE production, the expression of transcription factors, and mitochondrial glucose metabolism in U266 cells were evaluated.

Results

EBF-2 dose-dependently suppressed IgE production and was over 16 times more potent than FAHF-2 in IgE suppression in U266 cells. EBF-2 significantly suppressed PN-specific IgE production (70%, p<0.001) and the number of IgE-producing plasma cells in PN allergic mice, accompanied by 100% inhibition of PN-induced anaphylaxis and plasma histamine release (p<0.001) without affecting IgG1 or IgG2a production. Berberine markedly suppressed IgE production, which was associated with suppression of XBP1, BLIMP1, and STAT6 transcription factors and a reduced rate of mitochondrial oxidation in an IgE-producing plasma cell line.

Conclusions

EBF-2 and its active compound berberine are potent IgE suppressors, associated with cellular regulation of immunometabolism on IgE plasma cells, and may be a potential therapy for IgE-mediated food allergy and other allergic disorders.
Case Report: Parvovirus B19 infection complicated by hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a heart-lung transplant patient
Authors: Zhang Xuewu , Wang Jingxia , Huang Xiaohan , Zhu Yue , Zhu Yijing , Tang Lingling , Cai Hongliu , Fang Xueling , Huang Lingtong
Published: February 2023

Immunosuppressed patients can contract parvovirus B19, and some may experience hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Herein, we describe the first report of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a heart-lung transplant patient with concomitant parvovirus B19 infection. The patient was treated with intravenous immune globulin (IVIG) and the features of HLH were remission. This instance emphasizes the significance of parvovirus B19 monitoring in transplant patients with anemia; if HLH complicates the situation, IVIG may be an adequate remedy. Finally, a summary of the development in diagnosing and managing parvovirus B19 infection complicated by HLH is provided.
Long-term response of coastal macrofauna communities to de-eutrophication and sea level rise mediated habitat changes (1980s versus 2018)
Authors: Singer Anja , Bijleveld Allert I. , Hahner Florian , Holthuijsen Sander J. , Hubert Krischan , Kerimoglu Onur , Kleine Schaars Loran  , Kröncke Ingrid , Lettmann Karsten A. , Rittweg Timo , Scheiffarth Gregor , van der Veer Henk W. , Wurpts Andreas
Published: February 2023

Since the last decades, previous long-term Wadden Sea studies revealed significant changes in the abundance, biomass and spatial distribution of characteristic macrofauna communities in response to environmental changes and anthropogenic stressors. In this study, we performed statistical community analysis for the East-Frisian Wadden Sea (EFWS, southern North Sea) on two reference datasets across a period with severe climatic and environmental changes (1980s-2018). Therefore, historical macrofauna data from the Quantitative Sensitivity Mapping (1980s, SENSI 1) were reanalyzed and compared with data from the Synoptic Intertidal Benthic Survey (SIBES/SENSI 3) collected in 2018. Our results revealed significant quantitative and spatial changes in the characteristic macrofauna communities between the 1980s and 2018, most likely in response to de-eutrophication and sea level rise mediated habitat changes. Since the 1980s, the total number of taxa remained relatively stable (1980s: 90, 2018: 81), but the total abundance decreased by ca. -31% and the total biomass decreased by ca. -45%, particularly in the eastern regions of the study site probably due to de-eutrophication processes. Thereby, the mean abundances/m2 of ≥ -80% (1980s-2018) in the EFWS of several dominant species decreased: e.g. the gastropod Peringia ulvae, the polychaete Lanice conchilega and the bivalve Mya arenaria. In contrast, the mean abundance/m2 of one dominant species increased by ≥ +80% (1980s-2018): the invasive bivalve Ensis leei. The mean biomass [g/m2] of three dominant species decreased by ≥ -80% (1980s-2018): P. ulvae, L. conchilega and the amphipod Corophium volutator. In contrast, the mean biomass [g/m2] of one dominant species increased by ≥ +75% (1980s-2018): the polychaete Arenicola marina. In the western part of the EFWS, not only higher abundances of A. marina, but also of L. conchilega and P. ulvae were found in 2018, caused i.a. by sea level rise mediated decreasing mud contents and sand accretion on tidal flats. At the community level, the Oligochaeta/Heteromastus community increased in spatial distribution in the western EFWS in 2018 in the vicinity of increasing mussel/oyster beds.
The intensified trend of coastal upwelling in the South China Sea during 1982-2020
Authors: Liu Shan , Zuo Juncheng , Shu Yeqiang , Ji Qiyan , Cai Yunxia , Yao Jinglong
Published: February 2023

Using sea surface temperature (SST) data from satellite observations and reanalysis, we revealed the long-term trend of coastal upwelling in the South China Sea (SCS) during 1982–2020. An upwelling index (topographic position index, TPI), defined as the SST difference between the center cell and its neighbors, was used to quantify the upwelling intensity. There are three typical regions (eastern Guangdong, eastern Hainan, and eastern Vietnam) of coastal upwelling in the SCS, in which the upwelling intensity showed an increasing trend during 1982–2020. For all three regions, the upwelling intensity trend reached ~0.2 °C per 10 years in the past 40 years or so. A satellite wind dataset, CCMP, and reanalysis products, ERA5 and ORAS5, were used to discuss the causes of intensified upwelling. Based on the CCMP, the enhanced upwelling in eastern Guangdong and eastern Hainan may be more related to the strengthening of the wind stress curl. Both alongshore wind stress and wind stress curl contribute to the enhanced upwelling in southern Vietnam, and the increasing trend of upwelling in northern Vietnam is not significantly related to the wind field. This study could contribute to the understanding of coastal upwelling response to the long-term climate change in a marginal sea under the background of global warming.
The construction stability of large section tunnel considering the deterioration of clay mechanical properties
Authors: Huang Jun , Liu Naifei , Ma Zongyuan , Lu Liang , Dang Kangning
Published: February 2023

The stability of large-section clay tunnels is closely related to the mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock. The mechanical behavior of the surrounding rock is characterized by the coupled response of the physico-mechanical properties of the clay material and the tunnel construction conditions. Therefore, this paper proposes a numerical experimental study based on the response surface method to quantitatively link the stability of large-section clay tunnels with construction factors. It will provide a basis for quantitatively guiding the tunnel construction plan adjustment to ensure its stability. Firstly, the tunnel stability reserve is evaluated by considering the deterioration of physico-mechanical properties of clay surrounding rocks, and the relationship between the tunnel stability index and construction factors is established according to Taylor’s theorem. Secondly, the response surface method and the steepest ascent method are used to find the optimal fitting relationship between the tunnel stability reserve factor and tunnel construction factors. Finally, the analysis of a tunnel application shows that (a) the stability evaluation considering the deterioration of physical and mechanical properties of clay is well representative; (b) the “curved” region of the response of the tunnel stability reserve factor can be effectively determined by the steepest slope method; (c) for the “curved” region, a second-order response surface is more appropriate. This research will reveal the coupling relationship between tunnel stability, physico-mechanical properties of clay, and tunnel construction conditions, which will contribute to the development of intelligent tunnel construction.