bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Continuing Education in Pediatric Dermatology: The Role of Pediatric and Dermatologic Journals
Authors: Hayden Gregory F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: To summarize the quantity, quality, and subject matter of articles pertaining to pediatric dermatology in current pediatric and dermatologic journals. 2,010 articles published in 1981 in 9 clinical journals were reviewed. Of articles in the pediatric journals, 4% had a primary dermatologic focus, and another 6% had a secondary dermatologic focus. Of the clinical articles in the dermatologic journals, 15% concerned only pediatric patients and an additional 18% involved both pediatric and adult patients. The great majority of pediatric (65%) and dermatologic (83%) articles concerning pediatric dermatology were case reports, with lesser proportions of research reports and review articles. There was a relative scarcity of prospective clinical studies describing either the natural course of pediatric skin diseases or the effects ot various therapies upon these diseases. Frequent topics of articles in both types of specialty journals included cutaneous manifestations of systemic disease, hereditary skin disorders, and bacterial skin infections. It is hoped that interest in this important field will promote mutually beneficial collaboration between pediatricians and dermatologists in the areas of patient care and clinical research.
Antimalarials—Are They Safe to Use in Children?
Authors: Rasmussen James E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: From 963 to the present, many reviews of antimalarials for use in dermatology have mentioned the special sensitivity of children to these drugs. Fatal reactions have been limited to accidental or intentional overdosage and two instances of IM injection. While 1 gm of chloroquine can produce fatal reaction in very young children, analysis of published and unpublished cases show that adults exhibit a similar sensitivity when compared on a mg/kg basis. This information should encourage a physician to use antimalarials where appropriate, but special precaution should be taken to prevent poisoning.
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in an Infant
Authors: Reed Barbara R. , Orton Paul W. , Marr J. Joseph , Golitz Loren E. , Longabaugh James , Weston William L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in the United States is unusual. We report an infant who developed CL after returning from an endemic area. A skin biopsy yielded Leishmania organisms within 48 hours. The cutaneous lesions resolved with scarring after several months.
Cutis Verticis Gyrata in a Neonate
Authors: Hsieh Hui‐Lung , Fisher David E. , Bronson Darryl M. , Fretzin David F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The primary form of cutis verticis gyrata, a rare skin lesion, is described for the first time in a neonate in whom it was associated with other congenital anomalies. The combination of a historically normal skin biopsy from the lesion and neurologic deficit supported the diagnosis; follow‐up at 7 months of age showed persistent hypotonia and significant developmental delay. Differentiation of primary and secondary forms of cutis verticis gyrata and currently recognized etiologies are also briefly reviewed.
Pharmacogenetics and Adverse Drug Reactions in the Skin
Authors: Shear Neil H. , Spielberg Stephen P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hereditary variations in the handling of a drug (pharmacogenetics) may result in adverse reactions in the skin. Such reactions could result from: (1) an inherited defect in enzymes responsible for drug metabolism (formation or detoxification of potentially toxic metabolites); (2) altered susceptibility of an endogenous metabolic pathway to inhibition by a drug. Increased alcohol‐dehydrogenase activity or decreased aldehyde‐dehydrogenase activity will predispose an individual to ethanol‐induced flushing. Decreased uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase may result in porphyria cutanea tarda. Slow acetylators are more susceptible to developing drug‐induced lupus erythematosus. A hypersensitivity syndrome may result if a patient is unable to detoxify the toxic metabolites of a drug such as phenytoin. A pharmacogenetic defect should alert the clinician to the possibility of cross‐reactivity with other drugs or potential drug reactions in relatives of the patient.
Congenital Fascial Dystrophy — A Noninflammatory Disease of Fascia: The Stiff Skin Syndrome
Authors: Jablonska S. , Groniowski J. , Krieg T. , Nerlich A. , Peltonen L. , Oikarinen A. , Debrowski J. , Pietrow D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Our patient's disease was similar to the persons with stiff skin syndrome described by Esterly and McKusick (1). Stony‐hard indurations of the skin and deeper tissue were generalized but most pronounced in the buttocks, thighs, and legs, with limitation of joint mobility and particularly extensive contractures in the lower limbs. The disease was noticed when the patient was 18 months old, and was nonprogressive within a follow‐up period of 12 years. There was no visceral involvement except functional impairment of the lungs, probably due to thickened thoracic fascia. Biochemical, histologic, and electron microscopic studies of the skin and muscle were not remarkable. In skin fibroblasts, collagen synthesis was increased and was accompanied by elevated activity of the prolylhydroxylase and lysylhydroxylase, whereas the transferases were not altered. The fascia was considerably thickened, but contained no inflammatory infiltrates. The significant electron microscopic finding was the presence of amianthoid‐like collagen fibers in the fascia.
Ocular Manifestations of the Neurocutaneous Syndromes
Authors: Greenwald Mark J. , Weiss Avery
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Ocular involvement occurs frequently in the disorders known as neurocutaneous syndromes or phakomatoses. Recognition of characteristic eye lesions in the context of related skin and systemic abnormalities may be crucial to making the diagnosis of a neurocutaneous syndrome. Ocular disease in these conditions may be the cause of serious morbidity, leading to blindness or disfigurement, but successful treatment is often possible. All clinicians involved in the care of patients with neurocutaneous syndromes should have some familiarity with their ophthalmologic aspects. This review deals with ocular manifestations of neurofibromatosis, tuberous sclerosis, Sturge‐Weber syndrome, von Hippet‐Lindau disease, ataxia telangiectasia, and Bloch‐Sulzberger syndrome. Clinical signs and symptoms, differential diagnosis, and natural history are considered in detail, with brief discussion of pathophysiology and man^ement. No specialized knowledge of eye disease in general is presumed.
Giant Congenital Melanocytic Nevus: Qualification of Neuvus Debulking After Split‐thickness Excision
Authors: Sagebiel Richard W. , Williams Mary L. , Vasconez Luis O.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Although giant congenital melanocytic nevi (CMN) may undergo malignant transformation, their complete surgical removal is commonly difficult to achieve and may require sacrifice of normal skin. We treated a patient with CMN by a combination of full‐thickness excision and primary closure of the central atypical portion and split‐thickness excision of the remainder. Histometric analysis of the tissues obtained at surgery indicated that the split‐thickness procedure removed approximately 70% of the cellular nevus content from that area. Total debulking by the combined procedure was calculated to be approximately 80%. If the risk of malignant degeneration is proportional to the number of melanocytes present, the debulking procedure described may provide a useful alternative for the management of some giant CMN. The cosmetic result is satisfactory and the significant lightening in color and removal of nodular irregularities may facilitrate prospective follow‐up of the residual lesion.
Skin Dimpling Associated with Midtrimester Amniocentesis
Authors: Bruce Suzanne , Duffy Jennie Ozog , Wolf John E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Multiple dimple‐like scars occurred in an infant whose mother had undergone midtrimester amniocentesis. The clinical description, prevalence, and differential diagnosis of this association are presented.
Neonatal Lupus Erythematosus: A Review
Authors: Korkij Wiwat , Soltani Keyoumars
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Neonatal lupus erythematosus is an uncommon type of lupus, that in addition to cutaneous lesions may have systemic involvement. It is generally a benign condition unless complicated by complete heart block, which is irreversible and which carries a high mortality rate in the first year of life. Patients' mothers often show clinical and/or laboratory features of connective tissue diseases.
Henoch‐Schönlein Purpura
Authors: Saulsbury Frank T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The clinical features of 25 children with Henoch‐Schönlein purpura are presented, with particular emphasis on the cutaneous features. Although every patient exhibited purpura on the buttocks and lower extremities, it was preceded by a maculopapular or urticarial rash in nine. Moreover, cutaneous features were preceded by arthralgia or abdominal pain by up to two weeks in 40% of the patients.

Other dominant clinical features included arthralgia in 84%, abdominal pain in 76%, nephritis in 44%, and gastrointestinal bleeding in 40%. Laboratory studies reflected the acute, systemic nature of the illness, but generally were of limited diagnostic value.
Eosinophilic Pustular Folliculitis In Infancy
Authors: Lucky Anne W. , Esterly Nancy , Heskel Neil , Krafchik Bernice R. , Solomon Lawrence M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Five infants under 1 year of age were reported with a syndrome of recurrent crops of pruritic papulopustules of the scalp. In three children there were also intermittent outbreaks on the trunk and extremities. Cultures showed the pustules to be sterile. Biopsies of scalp and skin tissues showed eosinophilic folliculitis. Some patients had eosinophilia during outbreaks of pustules. These cases are similar to the eosinophilic pustular folliculitis reported in a few adult patients with the exception that there was predominant scalp involvement in the children. We propose that eosinophilic pustular folliculitis of infancy is a distinct pustular dermatosis.
Efficacy Versus Systemic Effects of Six Topical Steroids in the Treatment of Atopic Dermatitis of Childhood
Authors: Queille Catherine , Pommarede Renée , Saurat Jean‐Hilaire
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Six groups of children suffering from widespread atopic dermatitis were treated once daily with six topical steroids of different potency. Systemic effects were measured by the morning estimation of plasma cortisol, A clear relationship was demonstrated between clinical efficacy of the steroid treatment and degree of reduced adrenal function. This study demonstrated that a rapid and marked therapeutic effect can be obtained with potent topical steroids applied once daily without occlusion, but in children is accompanied by a fall in plasma cortisol.
Menkes's Syndrome
Authors: Maddox John L. , Odom Richard B. , Goette Detlef K.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Menkes's syndrome (trichopoliodystrophy) is an x‐linked, recessive genodcrmatosis characterized by hair defects, severe retardation, convulsions, progressive neurologic deterioration, and early death. Recent studies in copper metabolism suggest that Menkes's syndrome may be a storage disease in which copper is irreversibly trapped in some tissues by metullothionein, a heavy‐metal‐binding protein. This then gives rise to a deficiency elsewhere, particularly in the brain, causing irreversible damage in the fetus. We present a patient with Menkes's syndrome and review the clinical and metabolic aspects of this disease.
Corn Starch, Candida albicans, and Diaper Rash
Authors: Leyden James J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The growth of Candida albicans experimentally inoculated onto the skin of human volunteers was not enhanced by the addition of either comstarch powder or talcum powder. Sufficient nutrients for growth of C. albicans exist on human skin, provided sufficient moisture is present. Cornstarch and talc powders were shown to minimize frictional injury experimentally induced in human volunteers. These studies indicate that cornstarch and talc powders do not enhance the growth of yeasts on human skin and do provide protection against frictional injury.
Erythema Chronicum Migrans and Lyme Disease
Authors: Hurwitz Sidney
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Lyme disease is an inflammatory disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that involve the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system (1–4). Initially described in 1977 and named after the rural town in Connecticut where the first cases were detected in 1975, Lyme disease has now been recognized in at least 24 states (5–7), Canada (8). Australia (9). France (10). Switzerland (11), and Germany (12), and in individuals who travel to or spend time in areas known to be endemic for this disorder (13).
The Cutaneous Evolution of Nevi in a Patient with Familial, Atypical, Multiple‐mole Melanoma Syndrome
Authors: Lynch Henry T. , Fusaro Ramon M. , Treger Calvin L. , Pester Judith , Lynch Jane F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: For almost two decades we have followed a kindred with the familial, arypical, multiple‐mole menlanoma (FAMMM) syndrome. We first evaluated the proband's 14‐year‐old daughter when she was age 5 years. We documented the evolution, both clinically and histologically, of the FAMMM phenotype in this girl for eight years.
Bowenoid Papulosis of the Genitalia Associated with Human Papillomavirus DNA Type 16 in an Infant with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Breneman Debra L. , Lucky Anne W. , Ostrow Ronald S. , Faras Anthony J. , Volger Carole , Jenski Laura J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A case of bowenoid papulosis occurred in a 2‐year‐old male with atopic dermatitis. Clinical and histologic features of the lesions were typical, and human papillomavirus type 16 DNA was identified using high‐stringcncy hyhridization techniques. Although the lesions had been present for approximately one year prior to examination, they subsequently resolved spontaneously over six months. We postulate that our patient's susceptibility to human papillomavirus may have been related to his severe atopic tendency. Presented in part at the ninth annual meeting of the Society for Pediatric Dermatology, Stateline, Nevada, June 1984.
Congenital, Spontaneously Regressing, Histiocytosis: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kapila Prabodh K. , Grant‐Kels Jane M. , Allred Craig , Forouhar Faripour , Capriglione A.M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A patient had numerous skin lesions a: birth and they regressed over the next few weeks. Results of the peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examinations were normal. The diagnosis of self‐healing histioeytosis was sub‐stantiated by the clinical course and characteristic histology. This was subsequently confirmed by the electron microscopic finding of Langerhans'granules within the histiocytic cells. Which were positive for S100 by immunoperoxidase.
Inflammatory Linear Epidermal Nevus Caused by Branchial Cleft Sinuses in a Woman with Numerous Congenital Anomalies
Authors: Tom Douglas W. K. , Alper Joseph C. , Bogaars Hendrik
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A patient was seen with several congenital anomalies and bilateral branchial cleft sinuses that clinically resembled inflammatory linear verrucous epidermal nevl. This unusual condition most likely represented a cutaneous reaction to residual branchial remnants and prior surgical therapy.
Is Eczema Herpeticum Associated with the Use of Hot Tubs?
Authors: Cox Gary F. , Levy Moise L. , Wolf John E.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cutaneous bacterial infectins. most commonly caused by Pseudomonas acruginosa, have been clearly linked to use of hot tubs. A 10‐year‐old female with atopic eczema developed eczema herpecticum after hot tub use with a friend who hd “fever blisters”; herpes simplex vinus was recovered from cutaneous vesicles. Since herpesvirus has been shown to survive in the hot tub environment, herpes simplex should be considered as another potential cause of disease in the spa setting.
Pili Trianguli Canaliculi: Uncombable Hair Syndrome in a Family with Apparent Autosomal Dominant Inheritance
Authors: de Luna Margarita M. Larralde , Rubinson Rebecca , de Kohan Zulema B. Gemlman
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pili trianguli canaliculi, a recently described dysmorphic disorder of the hair, occurred with variable sevenity in three related members of a family. The diagnosis was suspected from the complaint of “uncombable hair” and was confirmed by identifying the defect by scanning electron microscopy. The pedigree provides evidence for autosomal dominant inheritance.
Acute Febrile Neutrophilic Dermatosis (Sweet's Syndrome): Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Kffofoi A. G. , Zaynoun S. T. , Kurban A. K. , Najjar S. S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: An 8‐month‐old male infant had fever, polymorphonuclear leukocytosis, and tender, firm, elevated erythematous plaques on his face, trunk, and extremities. Histologic examination revealed a dense, perivascular, polymorphonuclear, inflammatory cell infiltrate with nuclear dust in the dermis and intrafollicular abscesses. The rash responded promptly and dramatically to oral corticosteroids. In our opinion, these features represent a distinctive hypersensitivity reaction consistent with acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome). It seems that Sweet's syndrome has two age peaks: infancy and middle age. In the former, no sex predilection and no underlying malignancy have been recorded. In the latter, females are preponderantly affected and an associated underlying malignancy has been described.
Painful Piezogenic Pedal Papules on a Child with Ehlers‐Danlos Syndrome
Authors: Kahana Michael , Levy Ahron , Ronnen Meir , Cohen Michael , Schewach‐Millet Miriam
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 5‐year‐old girl with Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome developed painful piezogenic pedal papules. She had suffered from pain in her heels for the previous two years and had undergone extensive orthopedic examinations that revealed no abnormalities. On admission, she had typical signs associated with piezogenic pedal papules (PPP), with pain induced by standing and disappearance of the lesions and the pain on relief of pressure. These papules were due to hemiation of subcutaneous fat into the dermis, possibly because of structural defects of the connective tissue. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of painful PPP occurring in childhood. We suggest that the hemiation of subcutaneous fat in our patient was most probably due to the connective tissue defect that occurs in the Ehlers‐Danlos syndrome.
Stiff Skin Syndrome
Authors: Kikuchi Ichiro , Inoue Shouhei , Hamada Keisuke , Ando Hidehiko
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Stiff skin syndrome was first documented by Esterly and McKusick. We saw a patient with this disease, as well as another who had a similar condition but a somewhat different histology. These two patients shared heritable stiff skin, restricted joint mobility, and absent mucopolysacchariduria. In stiff skin syndrome, which may have two variants, skin biopsy demonstrates large cells stained metachromatically by toluidine blue. These cells are shaped like dermal melanocytes or rounded cells and their presence may be directly related to the deposition of mucopolysaccharide in the dermis. In some cases they may invade the deeper tissues. Two cases of stiff skin syndrome that were in the Japanese literature are also discussed.
Hypernatremic Dehydration and Hypothermia in Congenital Lamellar Ichthyosis
Authors: Garty Ben‐Zion , Wiseman Yeheskel , Metzker Arie , Reisner Solomon H. , Nitzan Menachem
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Several events of hypernatremic dehydration occurred in five infants suffering from severe congenital lamellar ichthyosis. Simultaneously, four of them developed hypothermia. Both phenomena were probably caused by excessive water loss through the affected skin. In lamellar ichthyosis the skin loses its function as an effective barrier and therefore its role in water and temperature homeostasis is defective.
Histologic Changes Resembling the Vernicous Phase of Incontinentia Pigmenti Within Epidermal Nevi: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Van Fletcher  , Williams Mary L. , Lane Alfred T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A wide spectrum of histopathologic changes has been reported to occur within epidermal nevi. We saw two patients with warty nevoid lesions in which histopathologic features of incontinentia pigmenti, verrucous phase, were present. The diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti was excluded because both patients were male, lacked a preceding vesicular stage, and did not demonstrate other features of the disorder.
Histiocytosis X Resembling Cherry Angiomas
Authors: Messenger Gregory G. , Kamei Robert , Honig Paul J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Histiocytosis X is a disorder of histiocytes of the Langerhans' cell lineage. As the initial feature is often cutaneous, recognition of these skin changes is important. Several cutaneous manifestations have been described, most commonly, seborrheic dermatitis with a hemorrhagic component. We saw two patients with histiocytosis X with cutaneous manifestations resembling cherry angiomas.
The Course of Chronic Bullous Disease of Childhood
Authors: Surbrugg Sandra K. , Weston William L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We followed three children who met the clinical, histologic, and immunologic criteria for chronic bullous disease of childhood (linear IgA dermatosis). All patients were able to discontinue therapy after two months to two years. Two have continued to experience transient mild episodes of blistering that have not required reinstitution of systemic therapy. In our opinion, children with this condition have a benign course with disease‐free remissions and can be expected to discontinue all therapy eventually.
Tinea Capitis Caused by Trichophyton tonsurans
Authors: Hebert Adelaide A. , Head Elizabeth S. , Macdonald Etta M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Children with tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton tonsurans often have a lifetime of association with the organism and, in spite of intermittent therapy, as adults pass the infection to successive generations. While most current treatment regimens are directed at treating the individual patient, our study supports the need to evaluate and possibly treat all family members and their home environment.
Jenctlonal Epidermolysis Bullosa, Pyloric Atresia, and Genitourinary Disease
Authors: Berger Timothy G. , Detlefs Richard L. , Donatucci Craig F.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The occasional concurrence of junctional epidermolysis bullosa and pyloric atresia has been documented in the literature. Several infants reported as having this combined disorder were also noted to have significant genitourinary disease. We treated a 4½‐year‐old boy with mild cutaneous manifestations of junctional epidermolysis bullosa, corrected pyloric atresia, and significant renal disease secondary to recurrent obstruction of the ureterovesical junction.
Erythema Multiforme in Childhood and Early Infancy
Authors: Dikiand W. J. , Oranje Arnoid P. , Stoiz E. , van Joost Th.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Erythema multiforme is said to be rare in childhood and especially in early infancy. Three infants, none older than 1 year, were seen with this condition; all showed typical clinical features. In one of the three infants, no distinctive etiological factor(s) could be found. One was suffering from congenital hepatitis (cause unknown) and another from a staphylococcal infection.
Statistical Survey of Skin Changes in Japanese Neonates
Authors: Hidano Akira , Purwoko Ratna , Jitsukawa Kumiko
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We observed 5387 infants over 10 years in weekly visits to a neonatal ward and obtained the following frequency data on these skin changes: erythema toxicum neonatorum, 40.8%; perianal dermatitis, 18.9%; scrotal pigmentation, 15.2%; miliaria, 8.5%; and adnexal polyp of neonatal skin, 4.1%. The frequencies of the types of birthmarks were; mongolian spots, 81.5%; salmon patches, 22.3%; nevocellular nevi, 2.7%; port‐wine stains, 2.1%; strawberry marks, 1.7%; café au lait spots, 1.7% (including a case of von Reckling‐hausen's disease); epidermal and sebaceous nevi, 0.3%; accessory auricles, 0.3%; and smooth muscle hamartomas, 0.2%. A positive relationship was observed between infant maturity and the prevalence of erythema toxicum neonatorum. Apart from candidiasis, neonatal skin infections were extremely rare.
Diffuse Neonatal Hemangiomatosis
Authors: Golitz Loren E. , Rudikoff Jeffrey , O'Meara Owen P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Diffuse neonatal hemangiomatosis is an often fatal disorder characterized by widespread capillary hemangiomas of the skin and visceral organs. Ultrasound and computed tomographic scans may be useful in determining the extent of visceral disease. The organs most commonly affected are the gastrointestinal tract, brain, liver, and lung. Complications include high‐output cardiac failure, gastrointestinal bleeding, hydrocephalus, and consumption coagulopathy. Despite therapy with corticosteroids, the mortality rate is high.
Striated Muscle Hamartoma: Description of Two Cases
Authors: Hendrick Sophia J. , Sanchez Ramon L. , Blackwell Steven J. , Raimer Sharon S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We saw two newborn infants with striated muscle hamartoma. One patient had numerous associated congenital anomalies. The clinical appearance of both lesions was that of a soft fibroma. Histologically, striated muscle fibers and nerve bundles were seen in the central core and also at the periphery of the lesion, below the epidermis. A marked number of sebaceous glands, vellus hair follicles, and eccrine glands were also present. We propose the term striated muscle hamartoma, which points out the most remarkable feature of these lesions.
An Unusual Congenital Leiomyoma
Authors: Lupton George P. , Naik Dolatrai G. , Rodman Orlando G.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Cutaneous leiomyomas are rarely encountered at birth. In their usual form they appear as discrete dermal papules or nodules with a pink or brown discoloration of the overlying skin. We examined an infant with an unusual mass attached to the right heel at birth. Histologically, the lesion was a leiomyoma. It apparently represented a bizarre proliferative anomaly of smooth muscle occurring during fetal development.
Dystropic Calcinosis Cutis Secondary to Intrauteriee Herpes Simplex
Authors: Beers Betsy Bryar , Flowers Franklin P. , Sherertz Elizabeth F. , Selden Samuel
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A neonate had numerous positive skin cultures for herpes simplex virus (HSV) as well as associated abnormalities strongly suggestive of a maternal intrauterine infection. In addition, he was noted to have dystrophic calcinosis cutis involving the back and buttocks. We believe the dystrophic calcinosis cutis occurred as a consequence of the HSV infection.
Symmetric, Progressive Telangiectatic Nevi with Hemorrhagic Angiokeratomas
Authors: Draelos Zoe Kececioglu , Hansen Ronald C. , Hays Susan B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We examined an 11‐year‐old female with symmetric, progressive telangiectatic nevi associated with venous varicosities and angiokeratomas. Clinical bleeding occurred from cutaneous angiokeratomas and mucosal telan‐giectasias.
Effects of Gonadal Steroids on Melanocytes in Developing Hamsters
Authors: Diaz Leo C. , Das Gupta Tapas K. , Beattie Craig W.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The effects of chronically administered 5α‐dihydrotestosterone and estradiol‐17β on the dorsal costovertebral spots and scrotal skin of intact and hypophysectomized prepubertal male Syrian hamsters were analyzed morphometrically. The 5α‐dihydrotestosterone increased pigmentation (optical density) of costovertebral spots and scrotal skin without altering the percentage of pigmented area in intact animals. Spot size and pigment density also increased significantly in hypophysectomized hamsters, but there was no change in the percentage of pigmented area. The 5α‐dihydrotestosterone did not alter the percentage of pigmentation in any area of scrotal skin in hypophysectomized animals. In contrast, estradiol produced a dose‐related decrease in the number of scrotal skin melanocytes in intact animals. The androgen‐induced increase in pigmentation of costovertebral spot hair follicles was reversed by estradiol, which increased pigmentation around the sebaceous glands. These observations suggest that androgenic stimulation of pigmentation in male hamsters is direct, takes place prior to puberty, is probably tissue specific, and is antagonized by estrogens. The differential response to these steroids of melanocytes adjacent to hair follicles and around the perimeter of sebaceous glands may result from changes in the oxidation state of premelanin, an alteration in melanocyte size and shape, or an actual change in the rate of melanin synthesis.
Applications of Soft Tissue Expansion in Children
Authors: Bauer Bruce S. , Johnson Peter E. , Lovato Gayle
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The ability to increase available local tissue by controlled soft tissue expansion has led to a rapid increase in the use of this technique in clinical practice. Our experience in the treatment of children with a wide variety of lesions, in all body areas, demonstrates the advantages and benefits of this relatively new procedure for the pediatric age group. While complications such as infection, implant exposure, deflation, hematoma, and seroma may occur and alter the timing of reconstruction, they rarely compromise the final result. Tissue expansion offers many advantages in soft tissue reconstruction in children when tissue of color, texture, and characteristics similar to that of the defect may be limited.
Suppressor‐Cytotoxic T‐Lymphocyte Panniculitis
Authors: Solomon Alvin R. , Kantak Anand G. , Ramirez Jaime E. , Rajaraman Srinivasan , Raimer Sharon S. , Goldman Armond S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 3½‐year‐old girl had fever and nonsuppurative panniculitis. Biopsies revealed lobular lymphocytic panniculitis. An extensive evaluation of the patient for infectious and other systemic diseases yielded negative results. Although the number of peripheral T lymphocytes was normal, suppressor‐cytotoxic (0KT8) lymphocytes predominated in the subcutis of the lesions. Suppressor‐cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte panniculitis may represent a unique type of panniculitis.
Polarization Microscopy of Hair in Acrodermatitis Enteropathica
Authors: Traupe H. , Happle R. , Gröbe H. , Bertram H. P.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We studied the hair of a 10‐month‐old girl who was suffering from acrodermatitis enteropathica, using light and polarizing microscopy before and after institution of zinc therapy. The hair was very thin and brittle. On light microscopy the shafts showed uneven diameter and some displayed atypical trichorrhexis nodosa with stretched fractures. Ten percent of the hair fibers exhibited nodal swellings of the pseudomonilethrix type. Polarization microscopy disclosed in 70% of all hair shafts an irregular pattern of alternating dark and bright bands. This anomaly was still present in 10% of the hair shafts after one and one‐half years of zinc therapy, but could no longer be detected after two years of zinc supplementation. Repeated determinations of hair probes before and after treatment gave a low cystine content, however, being still in the normal range. We assume that the observed changes and the low hair cystine content can be attributed to the underlying zinc deficiency.
Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita in an 8‐year‐old Girl
Authors: Borok Michael , Heng Madeline C. Y. , Ahmed A. Razzaque
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita is an autoimmune blistering disease with the distinct feature of having an autoantibody directed against an antigen located below the basement membrane of human skin and mucous membrane. We identified this disease in an 8‐year‐old girl, the youngest patient documented by immunoelectron microscopy.
Remission of Acanthosis Nigricans, Hypertrichosis, and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis with Thyroxine Replacement
Authors: Dix J. Harlan , Levy William J. , Fuenning Charles
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hypothyroidism is not commonly associated with acanthosis nigricans (AN). We examined a 13‐year‐old girl with AN, hypertrichosis, and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Overt biochemical hypothyroidism, thyroid enlargement, and positive titers of antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin antibodies confirmed Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Both AN and hypertrichosis resolved with thyroid hormone replacement. There was no evidence of insulin resistance, polycystic ovarian disease, lipoatrophy, or other endocrine dysfunction, or of malignancy. In two patients from the literature with AN and hypothyroidism, AN was attributed to associated thyroid carcinoma or insulin resistance, rather than coexisting hypothyroidism. Since the skin lesions improved with thyroid hormone therapy in those two patients and in ours, hypothyroidism appears to be directly involved in the pathogenesis of AN.
Strawberry Hemangioma in Preterm Infants
Authors: Amir J. , Metzker A. , Krikler R. , Reisner S.H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Of 973 preterm infants, strawberry hemangioma was recorded in 124 during the first year of life, giving an overall frequency of 12.7%. Male:female ratio was 1:1.4. In 96 infants with birth weight below 1000 g, hemangioma occurred in 22 (22.9%), and in the group of very low‐birth‐weight infants (below 1500 g) the rate was 15.6%. Ninety‐four infants had a single hemangioma and three had more than 10 lesions each. With one exception, no treatment was needed, as spontaneous involution started at age 5 to 12 months.
Permethrin 1% Creme Rinse for the Treatment of Pediculus humanus var capitis Infestation
Authors: Taplin David , Meinking Terri L. , Castiliero Pedro M. , Sanchez Regulo
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Permethrin 1% creme rinse (NIX) was tested as a treatment for Pediculus humanus var capitis (head lice) in a placebo‐controlled, double‐blinded, randomized study. As a positive control, a third arm of the study included nonrandomized, but investigator‐blinded, treatment with 1% lindane shampoo (Kwell). At 14 days after treatment, 97% of patients treated with permethrin were free of lice compared to 6% of placebo‐treated patients (P < 0.001) and 43% of the lindane‐treated group. Permethrin was 70% ovicidal compared to 14% for placebo (P< 0.001) and 45% for lindane. No adverse experiences were noted during this study. Permethrin 1% demonstrated high pediculicidal and ovicidal activities, which in combination with its low mammalian toxicity, residual activity, and cosmetic properties, make it an excellent treatment for pediculosis capitis.
Mastocytosis: A Review
Authors: Stein David H.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Mastocytosis refers to a spectrum of clinical and laboratory abnormalities attributable to tissue infiltration by large numbers of mast cells and to the discharge of various biologically active substances by these cells. It most commonly results in cutaneous manifestations during childhood but may develop at any age or involve almost any organ system. The treatment of mastocytosis has become considerably more practicable in recent years with the availability of agents that directly inhibit mast cells or temporarily reduce their quantity in the skin.
Aplasia Cutis Congenita in One of Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo , Reuveni Haim , Karplus Michael , Moses Shimon
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Aplasia cutis congenita is an uncommon disorder characterized by a patchy defect of the scalp and other areas of the skin of the newborn. Several familial cases have been reported, including a set of identical twin girls. The disease was unique in our patient, one monozygotic twin.
A Case of Xeroderma Pigmentosum with Clinical Appearance of Dyschromatosis Symmetrica Hereditaria
Authors: Nishigori Chikako , Miyachi Yoshiki , Takebe Hiraku , Imamura Sadao
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 9‐year‐old boy complained of increased freckling on the extremities since very early infancy. Examination showed mottled pigmentation with areas of depigmentation on the backs of the hands and tops of the feet, and less strikingly on the arms and legs. Scattered, small, pigmented freckles on the face were also noticed. The condition was clinically diagnosed as dyschromatosis symmetrica hereditaria (DSH) at first. Unscheduled DNA synthesis was reduced to 66% of the normal value, however, and an ultraviolet sensitivity test by colony formation on fibroblasts revealed moderate sensitivity. Therefore this case was finally diagnosed as xeroderma pigmentosum. It is necessary to study cellular repair capacity to make a precise diagnosis when the distinction is so difficult.
Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris in Childhood: A Long‐term Study of 29 Cases
Authors: Gelmetti Carlo , Schiuma Aldo Antonio , Cerri Danilo , Gianotti Ferdinando
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Pityriasis rubra pilaris (PRP) is a dermatosis of unknown origin with a limited frequency in childhood (0.2% of our hospitalized pediatric patients). During the last 20 years we have observed 31 new cases; follow‐up has been conducted in 29 children. The acute self‐resolving form seems to be the most frequent in children, compared to adults. No cases of hereditary PRP have been observed, and no relationship between the severity of PRP and its prognosis has been reported. Since juvenile PRP has a relatively rapid course and a spontaneous resolution (a few months), it seems unnecessary to use potentially harmful drugs. Synthetic retinoids may be employed in patients whose disease is both persistent and disabling.
Society for Investigative Dermatology: Neonatal and Developmental Dermatology
Authors: Williams Mary L.
Published: March 2008

The following three articles constitute the symposium on neonatal and developmental dermatology that was presented at the May 1986 meeting of the Society for Investigative Dermatology under the joint sponsorship of the Society for Investigative Dermatology, Society for Pediatric Dermatology, and Society for Pediatric Research.
Development and Care of the Premature Infiant's Skin
Authors: Lane Alfred T.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Recent advances in neonatal care have greatly decreased mortality and morbidity in premature infants. Those who survive, however, often have significant cutaneous abnormalities. This has led to enhanced understanding and care of the premature infant's skin. Future dermatologic research may develop methods both to control epithelial maturation and to deliver therapy through the skin.
Pseudomonas Septicemla with Nodules and Bullae
Authors: Fleming Matthew G. , Milbum Peter B. , Prose Neil S.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We examined a patieot with systemic lupus erythematosus and sepsis due to Pseudomonas aeniginosca. Early in the infection, she developed skin lesions that consisted of indurated tender nodules and hemorrhagic and nonhemorrhagic bullae. Blister fluid contained gram‐negative rods, which were identified as P. aeruginosa on culture. Bullae and nodules, as well as ecthyma gangrenosum. can be early cutaneous signs of pseudomonal sepsis.
Childhood‐onset Pityriasis Rubra Pilaris with Immunologic Abnormalities
Authors: Shvili Dalia , David Michael , Mimouni Marc
Published: March 2008

Abstract: We examined a 6‐year‐old boy with seborrheic dermatitislike redness of the face, scaling of the scalp, and palmoplantar keratoderma. Skin biopsy showed hyperkeratosis, parakeratosis, follicular plugging, and mild upper dermal perifoUicular mononuclear inflammatory infiltrate, which are compatible with the diagnosis of pityriasis rubra piiaris. Immunologic studies revealed normal values of peripheral B and T lymphocytes. The spontaneous activity of T suppressor cells was activated and the function of T helper cells was impaired, however.
Group A Beta‐hemolytic Streptococcal Septicemia Complicating Infected Hemangioma in Children
Authors: Yagupsky Pablo , Giladi Yoram
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Septicemia complicating infected hemangiomas was diagnosed in two children aged 2 months and 2 years. The younger also developed bacterial meningitis. Group A beta‐hemolytic Streptococcus non‐M protein typable was isolated in both patients. Neither had leukocytosis and in only one was the erythrocyte sedimentation rate elevated. The children recovered after intravenous antibiotic therapy. Use of systemic antibiotics should be considered in infected hemangiomas in childhood even in the absence of elevated acutephase reactants.
Leiner's Disease Associated with Diminished Third Component of Complement
Authors: Sonea Michael J. , Moroz Brenda E. , Reece Elena R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 6‐week‐old female infant experienced recurrent diarrhea, wasting, and generalized seborrheic dermatitis. She manifested defective yeast opsonization and concomitant very low level of the third component of complement (C3). This is the first report of Leiners disease associated with diminished C3. It corroborates evidence to suggest that yeast opsonic activity of normal human serum is dependent on C3 levels.
Sclerema Neonatorum and Subcutaneous Fat Necrosis of the Newborn
Authors: Fretzin David F. , Arias Angelito M.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Sclerema neonatorum and subcutaneous fat necrosis are rare disorders affecting the panniculus of the newborn. This review attempts to put into perspective their similarities and differences in light of historical, biochemical, pathologic, and etiologic considerations. Recent therapeutic modalities and the prognosis are discussed.
Sucking Pads (Sucking Calluses) of the Lips in Neonates: A Manifestation of Transient Leukoedema
Authors: Heyl T. , Raubenheimer E. J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The clinical and histologic features of sucking pads in neonates are clearly different from sucking blisters and leukoedema, both of which may also be present in neonates. We propose that the condition is due to a combination of intracellular edema and hyperkeratosis. Perhaps the alternative term of sucking calluses is more appropriate. The intracellular edema is ascribed to passive diffusion of fluid, presumably saliva, into the cells, while the hyperkeratosis is regarded as an adaptive phenomenon to friction during sucking.
Impetigo: A Reassessment of Etiology and Therapy
Authors: Barton Leslie L. , Friedman Allan D.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Traditional concepts regarding the bacteriology and therapy of non‐bullous impetigo have been reexamined. Although in the United States the disease is considered primarily of streptococcal origin and amenable to penicillin therapy, we found that Staphyiococcus aureus was the most common isolate in 71 patients studied. Only two patients yielded pure cultures of group A β‐hemolytic streptococci. All but two isolates of S. aureus were resistant to penicillin; one of these two isolates was aiso resistant to erythromycin. Eryth‐romycin appeared to be more efficacious than penicillin for the treatment of impetigo.
Diseases of the Nails in Children
Authors: Barth Julian H. , Dawber Rodney P. R.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The nails have numerous functions ranging from cosmetic adornment to tools. Their most important function is to splint the soft pulp of the terminal phalanx to aid fine grasp and manipulation, which may be impaired by a deformed or damaged nail. This review of nail diseases begins with an account of the embryology, anatomy, and physiology of the nail. The presentation of the sections of diseases is somewhat arbitrary as there is at present no satisfactory classification of nail disease.
Neutrophilic Dermatosis of Myeloproliferative Disease in a 10‐year‐old
Authors: Rogers M. , Greenacre T. , Dalla‐Pozza L.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The initial features of acute myeloid leukemia in a previously well 10‐year‐old girl consisted of cellulitic lesions on the face and limbs. These lesions subsequently progressed. with superimnosed blistering and pustulation. They were painful and lender. The condition did not respond to systemic broad‐spectrum antibiotic therapy. Skin biopsy showed an intense, dermal neutrophilic infiltrate without additional evidence of infection or leukemic deposits. The culaneous lesions responded promptly to high‐dose systemic corticosteroids, and the leukemia to chemotherapy.
Endovascular Papillary Angioendothelioma in Children
Authors: Magnin Pedro Horacio , Schroh Roberto Gaudencio , Barquin Maria Antonia
Published: March 2008

Abstract: A 15‐year‐old boy had a tumor in his right thigh of two years'duration. A diagnosis of endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of childhood was made. This condition was first categorized as a low‐grade malignancy in 1969, and was called malignant endovascular papillary angioendothelioma of the skin in childhood. Microscopically, the neoplasm is characterized by intravascular proliferation with glomerularlike appearance. the cells are small and regular, with avoid or round nuclei, some of them show hyperchromasia and pyknosis. For the superficial form we prefer to avoid the use of the word “malignant” due to the usually good prognosis after surgical treatment.
Cutaneous Manifestations of the Proteus Syndrome
Authors: Viljoen Denis L. , Saxe Norma , Temple‐Camp Cynric
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The Proteus syndrome is a rare disorder in which the major manifestations are skeletal overgrowth, digital hypertrophy, exostoses of the skull, and hamartomatous tumors. Numerous skin lesions also occur. We treated six individuals, all of whom had the features unique to this syndrome of marked hypertrophy of the skin of the soles. The palms were similarly involved in two Patients. Light microscopy of biopsy material from thickened areas of the soles showed elongation of the cytoplasm of the basal cells. Large epidermal nevi Were present in three persons, as were linear macular lesions with areas of depigmentation and hyperpigmentation.
Ruvalcaba‐Myhre‐Smith Syndrome
Authors: Gretzula Joseph C. , Hevia Osmar , Shachner Lawrence S. , DiLiberti John H. , Ruvalcaba R. H. A. , Schimshock James R. , Weleber Richard G. , Halal Fahed , Lipson Mark H. , Blumberg Bruce , Weber Paul J.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: In 1980 a syndrome was first desribed in two adult males, consisting of macrocephaly, pigmented macules on the glans and shaft of the penis, and hamartomatous intestinal polyps. Since then, 10 additional cases have been identified. Herein, we present two new cases and review the cutaneous manifestations as well as additional features in patients with the Ruvalcaba‐Myhre‐Smith syndrome.
Infantile Myofibromatosis: A Review of Clinicopathology with Perspectives on New Treatment Choices
Authors: Goldberg Neil S. , Bauer Bruce S. , Kraus Helen , Crussi F. Gonzalez , Esterly Nancy B.
Published: March 2008

Abstract: The fibromatoses are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by proliferation of fibroblasts. Infantile myofibromatosis is a variant that is distinctive because of its multicentric origin, appearance at birth, and cellular composition, which is predominantly myofibroblasts. We treated a patient with infantile myofibromatosis with the interesting clinical presentation of a linear lesion involving the left arm and shoulder, and aggressive hepatomegaly with jaundice secondary to fibroblastic infiltration of the common bile duct and gallbladder. Diagnosis was confirmed histologically and ultrastructurally. Excision of the cutaneous lesion was facilitated by tissue expansion of uninvolved regional tissue.
Onychopathy in a Patient with Fetal Hydantoin Syndrome
Authors: Verdeguer Juan M. , Ramon Dolores , Moragon Manuel , Betlloch Isabel , Jorda Esperanza , Planelles M.D Victoria
Published: March 2008

Abstract: Hydantoin is an anticonvulsant drug with several side effects. A teralogenic potential has been suggested. The fetal hydantoin syndrome is an entity that consists of a broad range of morphologic and developmental disorders in children born of epileptic mothers exposed to hydantoin during pregnancy. We treated a girl in whom onychopathy was a monosymptomatic or mild form of this syndrome.