bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplier relations and supply chain performance in financial services processes
Authors: Field Joy M. , Meile Larry C.
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to empirically test the relationship between supplier relations and satisfaction with overall supplier performance in a services context at a process level of analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

Two hypotheses are developed, one predicting a positive relationship between a multi‐dimensional construct of supplier relations and satisfaction with overall supplier performance, and one five‐part hypothesis predicting positive relationships between the underlying components of supplier relations and satisfaction with overall supplier performance. Using a sample of 108 financial services processes, the first hypothesis is tested using regression analysis, and the second hypothesis is tested using correlation analysis.

Findings

After controlling for supplier efficiency and responsiveness, use of information technology, electronic information‐sharing, supplier type, and firm size, better supplier relations are associated with satisfaction with overall supplier performance. However, while the “partnering” components of the relationship (i.e. cooperation and long‐term commitment) are correlated with satisfaction with overall supplier performance, the “operational” components of the relationship (i.e. high degree of coordination, information‐sharing, and feedback) are not.

Research limitations/implications

Limited informant population, primarily single respondents, some single‐item variables.

Practical implications

The research results suggest not only the importance of improving overall supplier relations, but also the particular benefits of building partnerships within the service supply chain through co‐operation and long‐term commitment in order to increase satisfaction with overall supplier performance.

Originality/value

Unlike most empirical supply chain management studies, which use data from manufacturers at the strategic business unit or firm level, and recognizing that services and manufacturers differ in certain respects that are salient for supply chain management, this study uses data from a services industry (i.e. financial services) collected at the process level and provides unique insights into services and process level supply chain management.
Printed sensors: enabling new applications
Authors: Schroeter Klaus
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to discuss the new applications enabled by printed sensors.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper discusses how silicon‐based sensors are manufactured using the time‐consuming, expensive, and complicated fabrication process of traditional semiconductor devices and shows what is needed in order to produce such new devices with the advantages of printed sensors.

Findings

With new materials, new processing technologies and a new manufacturing process, thin, flexible, lightweight, cost‐effective sensors are made possible through the power of printed semiconductors.

Originality/value

This paper should be of value in terms of understanding the pros of printed semiconductors and the resulting sensors which have a number of unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties.
Accordion fringe interferometry: a revolutionary new digital shape‐scanning technology
Authors: Bloss Richard
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper seeks to describe an innovative new technology for digitizing the shapes of 3D objects quickly and accurately, which uses accordion fringe interferometry (AFI).

Design/methodology/approach

Laser beams cast fringe patterns on objects, a digital camera captures images and software constructs point clouds of data. A software package then analyzes the point cloud to extract information such as dimensions or variations in shape for subsequent operations.

Findings

The AFI approach has already been applied to a number of applications such as: inspection of jet engine airfoils, repair of composite structures and inspection of very delicate objects.

Practical implications

Point cloud digital shape scanning will find an ever increasing number of applications which will benefit from this fast, accurate and non‐contact three‐dimensional digitizing technology.

Originality/value

Users now have a totally new means for capturing dense, three‐dimensional data.
Laser sensors maximize gains and minimize losses
Authors: Pastorius Walter , Snow Mike
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to use 3D laser sensors to collect high‐density data that are required for defect detection and localization at high‐production rates in manufacturing facilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The high‐speed sensors use Ethernet communications to transport large amounts of data and resolve any synchronization issues.

Findings

Modern laser sensor technology provides the ability to detect and quantify defects in high‐volume manufacturing, wherever defects are located. Laser line sensors provide high speed, high‐density data for full surface inspection. Synchronization and communications issues are simplified by the FireSync™ platform, making system integration straightforward, and maximizing reliability.

Originality/value

This paper provides detailed 3D data at high speed and uses multiple (binocular) scanners to overcome problems of occlusion.
New‐generation nano‐engineered biosensors, enabling nanotechnologies and nanomaterials
Authors: Khanna Vinod Kumar
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to discover the novelties in biosensor fabrication brought about by breakthroughs in nanomaterials and process techniques, the resulting enhancement in biosensor functionalities, new applications and future possibilities.

Design/methodology/approach

The impact of nanotechnology on biosensor advancement has been examined. Different directions of biosensor research in the nano era have been highlighted. These include the efforts made through nanotechnology to improve the performance parameters of the existing biosensors, and for implementation of innovative biosensor concepts.

Findings

Nanotechnology is a key technology in biosensor development. It has permeated into the biosensor field and brought in its wake far‐reaching changes.

Practical implications

Biosensor science and engineering are central to virtually all aspects of life including medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring and biotechnological process control. Therefore, the progress in biosensors brought about by nanotechnology influences one's everyday life.

Originality/value

The study helps in understanding the applications of nanotechnology in fabricating a new generation of biosensors with improved characteristics. It provides information of value to those involved in biosensor research.
Solid state acoustic wave sensors for real‐time in‐line measurement of oil viscosity
Authors: Durdag Kerem
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to determine the important role of acoustic wave devices in sensing applications such as automotive applications, industrial applications and commercial applications.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper provides a comprehensive overview of acoustic wave technology and highlights an example of one commercial implementation of its technology for sensing application: a commercially available real‐time, online threaded bolt viscosity sensor.

Findings

The commercially available viscosity sensor can be readily applied in field operations or installed directly on the equipment for continuous monitoring of viscosity to enable technicians/mechanics to test the oil in minutes.

Originality/value

The paper introduces a new product for the sensing industry.
Reconfiguring Finnish welfare service workforce
Authors: Henriksson Lea
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This study seeks to examine the reconfiguration of professional groups in welfare service work through the lens of gendered inequalities in order to develop an inclusive research horizon that extends to the middle grade of care workers.

Design/methodology/approach

The research design positions workforce change within a wider social and cultural context by highlighting occupational, educational and unionist orders from the viewpoint of Finnish practical nurses.

Findings

A weakening anchorage in the welfare state and a differentiation of the patterns of recruitment, employment and industrial relations create segmentation, particular forms of exclusion, and identity instabilities. The article identifies the special vulnerability of the practical nurses institutionally embedded “in‐between” the upper and lower grades, the social and health sector, and the union traditions.

Research limitations/implications

The national policy agenda on workforce change mainly follows the sectoral split and focuses on the established health professions. The unionist agenda of practical nurses in turn reflects interprofessional relationships and tribalism.

Practical implications

This analysis of welfare service work provides insight into social and cultural transformations related to workforce change in a segmented and culturally diverse labour force and offers reflections on the changing nature of craft unionism.

Originality/value

This article argues for the added value of historicised, gender and culture sensitive analysis of the tensions between policy aims, educational, occupational and unionist orders for understanding reconfiguration through inequality‐producing processes.
Gendering social work in Russia: towards anti‐discriminatory practices
Authors: Iarskaia‐Smirnova Elena , Romanov Pavel
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This article seeks to uncover the gendered nature of discourses in social services and social work textbooks and their impact on the professional identity of social workers in Russia.

Design/methodology/approach

It is based on qualitative methodology, referring to interview material, and discourse analysis of the Russian textbooks used in social care education. It addresses three dimensions of gender: labour market policies and women's work/low wages; identity constructions of the social workers; and the discourse of gender in teaching material and textbooks.

Findings

The research shows that, by setting up inadequate wage policies for social workers, the state has reinforced the societal assumption of cheap women's labour. In addition, power relations in social work practice reinforce social inequalities. The ideology of a specific female work‐capacity is reproduced in social work, as in other forms of care work.

Research limitations/implications

The findings highlight that gender differences are represented as biologically materialised substances, while social conditions of their construction are not taken into account. Single mothers are often portrayed as immoral or unfortunate and considered dangerous for their own children and society as a whole.

Practical implications

In the education and professional development of social workers, major emphasis needs to be given to anti‐discriminatory practice and critical thinking.

Originality/value

The lack of professionalisation of social work is explained in terms of gender inequality in the social order, which is mirrored in the conditions of labour market and therefore especially in “female work”.
Who staffs the US leaning tower? Organisational change and diversity
Authors: Leicht Kevin T. , Fennell Mary L.
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The paper aims to argue that US colleges and universities resemble a “leaning tower” with ever expanding layers of administrators and managers who control and dominate university life. This set of institutional changes has altered the way that college administrators are recruited.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses recent developments in institutional theories of organisations to explain the changing environment facing US colleges and universities and the role that college administrators play in this environment. The paper matches data from a sample of administrative positions advertised in the 2004‐2005 Careers section of the Chronicle of Higher Education with web‐based data on incumbents subsequently hired for each position. These data are supplemented with aggregate statistics provided by the Chronicle and the American Association of University Professors (AAUP).

Findings

Results suggest that only a small number of administrative positions advertised involve academic appointments with tenure and that the educational qualifications advertised span a surprisingly wide spectrum of credentials other than academic PhD's. Ethnically underrepresented groups and women are most likely to hold jobs requiring PhD's while whites and men occupy most of the positions where qualifications are ambiguous or classic academic qualifications are not called for.

Originality/value

The paper is the first to discuss the growing distinctive labour market for college administrators while providing preliminary data on the diversity effects of this labour market.
Construction contractors integrating into facilities management
Authors: Bröchner Jan
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyse why certain construction contractors engage as facilities management (FM) service providers.

Design/methodology/approach

Against a background of theories of vertical integration, information asymmetries and service innovation, a questionnaire survey of the 50 largest construction contractors in Sweden has been conducted.

Findings

Of 44 respondents, eight were engaged in FM, and these differed by being more diversified both into a broader range of services and also upstream from traditional construction. Those engaged in FM were more innovative in general, and they tended to have employees with a high level of formal education.

Research limitations/implications

The Swedish situation may differ from that in other countries. Competence‐based views of service innovation are supported by patterns identified in the survey data.

Practical implications

Construction contractors entering the FM supply market need to develop a competence strategy that transforms a project view into a broader understanding of support services, continuously delivered.

Originality/value

This is the first study of any national market for the purpose of determining characteristics of construction contractors who integrate into FM.
The evidence of value enhancement resulting from rehabilitation
Authors: Hui Eddie C.M. , Wong Joe T.Y. , Wan Janice K.M.
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The long‐standing urban decay problem in Hong Kong continues to receive attention from the government and concerned organisations. However, little attention is paid to the financial benefits that can be achieved after old buildings are rehabilitated. This study seeks to evaluate and quantify the value enhancement of aging buildings resulting from rehabilitation.

Design/methodology/approach

Using the direct sales comparison method, the study critically examines over 80 sample buildings across Hong Kong. Residential properties with rehabilitation completed in the public sector are chosen as samples for numerical analysis.

Findings

The results show that: the capital value of the sample buildings after rehabilitation increased by an average of 35.6 percent; the overall appreciation rate of the sample buildings (35.6 percent) exceeds that of other buildings in the same district (20.8 percent); the average price increase of the sample buildings (25.7 percent after adjustment) is greater than that of Type B (40‐69.9 square meters) buildings (18.9 percent) in Hong Kong; positive growth in transaction volume is evidenced from the sample buildings in four districts; and, on average, the benefit to cost ratio of rehabilitation per unit is 10.9 and the net benefit per square foot is HK$461.4 (or US$59.2).

Research limitations/implications

There are potential risks of error arising from the use of assumptions, price adjustments, limited sample size and data from the secondary source.

Practical implications

The analysis is of relevance in confirming the value enhancement arising from rehabilitation and the findings provide a motive for the industry and public for rehabilitation.

Originality/value

The significance of this study is the quantification of the positive effect of rehabilitation.
Influence of total building performance, spatial and acoustic concepts on buildability scores of facilities
Authors: Pheng Low Sui , Ying Liu Jun , Hiong Oh Kok
Published: February 2008

Purpose

While the buildability concept and habitation comfort have been studied extensively, these have so far been examined separately. In particular, the implications which the total building performance (TBP) concept, as part of habitation comfort, may have on buildability are as yet unknown. Arising from this lacuna, the objective of this study is to develop an understanding of the relationship between buildability and the two TBP concepts of spatial and acoustic performance.

Design/methodology/approach

In studying the relationship between the spatial and acoustic performance concepts and buildability, a base model was used to establish the baseline for comparison. This base model was adopted from the Code of Practice on Buildable Design implemented by the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) in Singapore. The incorporation of spatial and acoustic performance guidelines on the base model was examined to assess their influence on the buildability score.

Findings

Analysis for the spatial performance concept yielded a slight decrease in the buildability score after the incorporation of the guidelines. This was also the case in the acoustic performance concept, where there was a slight decrease in the buildability score. Nevertheless, the reductions do not affect the buildability score so significantly. The minimum buildability score requirements set by the BCA were still met after the incorporation of the guidelines. This seems to suggest that there is minimal effect on the buildability score arising from the implementation of both the spatial and acoustic performance concepts.

Practical implications

The study determined that the two TBP concepts of spatial and acoustic performance do not seem to have any significantly adverse effect on buildability. Building professionals can therefore incorporate appropriate spatial and acoustic performance guidelines in their architectural layout designs without compromising on buildability.

Originality/value

This study presents a better understanding of the relationship between buildability and the two TBP concepts of spatial and acoustic performance.
Organizational information systems
Authors: Peslak Alan R.
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The overall purpose of this paper is to analyze variables that influence how top financial executives view their return on information technology (IT) investment in their organizations. Specifically, relationships between a series of independent variables are measured against the dependent variable overall return on its technology investment. The goal is to determine what contributes to IT success in an organization so that all organizations can focus attention where needed and improve their IT operations.

Design/methodology/approach

An analysis of secondary data obtained from the 2003 Financial Executives International (FEI) comprehensive survey‐based research on technology issues for financial executives was conducted. The study was carried out by the FEI and Computer Sciences Corporation. Regression analysis and other statistical methods were used.

Findings

The findings suggest that overall information return is rated medium to high by top financial executives. Variables that significantly and positively affect return include: progress on number one IT issue, seeing IT as a competitive advantage, and IT as a core competency. In addition, though just having an information systems (IS) strategic plan is a significant variable, if there is a plan and it is aligned with the overall corporate strategy, then this variable is positive and significant as well. Most view outsourcing as successful but outsourcing per se does not add to success.

Research limitations/implications

The study can be used as a basis for further exploration on the influences on technology success as well as serve as a preliminary model to analyze firm IS. Limitations of the study include that the only group included in the survey were financial executives. Non‐response bias is also possible.

Practical implications

The findings can be used to guide management teams in emphasizing control of the important variables in implementing IS and IT that influence overall corporate returns.

Originality/value

The paper analyzes a large current sample set that empirically reviews a cross‐section of major corporations' IS departments and their returns. In addition, it begins to explore the variables influencing overall IS returns.
Technical isomorphism at work: ERP‐embedded similarity‐enhancing mechanisms
Authors: Batenburg Ronald , Benders Jos , van der Blonk Heico
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the mechanisms inducing a user organization to conform with enterprise resource planning (ERP)‐embedded organizational logics and accompanying implementation procedures.

Design/methodology/approach

Based around the notion of technical isomorphism, the authors describe and analyze how ERP‐embedded mechanisms work out in a Dutch utility company. Interviews and document analysis were conducted with key informants over a number of years.

Findings

The company intentionally and unintentionally self‐enforced its steering towards conformation with its ERP‐system (SAP) through a number of strategic decisions during the adoption and implementation phases.

Research limitations/implications

This case study is the first empirical analysis of an ERP implementation through the lens of technical isomorphism. Further validation of this perspective and these case study results can be used to study other ERP vendor industry combinations.

Practical implications

Prior to adoption, ERP users and their “implementation partners” should analyze intended as well as unintended consequences for their operational processes and organizational design. ERP‐embedded organizational logics may be at odds with organizational preferences. If detected early, such mismatches may be corrected.

Originality/value

The paper demonstrates the role of an ERP‐provider in enhancing inter‐organizational similarities.
Exploring managerial flexibility: determinants and performance implications
Authors: Verdú‐Jover Antonio J. , Gómez‐Gras José‐María , Lloréns‐Montes Francisco J.
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This paper aims to propose a model to assess managerial flexibility and its determinants.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors perform a literature review to identify the main dimensions of managerial flexibility. Flexibility as a firm capability to co‐align the firm and the business environment permanently is deeply related to the notion of fit. The proposed model integrates different approaches to fit. Based on an empirical, transnational study, the research proposes a model for managerial flexibility.

Findings

Three types of flexibility are measured: managerial flexibility, financial flexibility and metaflexibility. Financial flexibility and metaflexibility determine the degree of managerial flexibility, which in turn has positive implications for performance.

Research limitations/implications

The variables included in the model are not exhaustive. The concept of fit implies a static perspective of flexibility.

Practical implications

The results are useful both for researchers and for practitioners. Researchers can benefit from a review of managerial flexibility and a methodology that combines different approaches to fit: matching, covariation and profile deviation. Practitioners can learn that managerial flexibility, articulated in some managerial practices, has positive effects on performance when they are in line with the requirements of the environment. In order to activate these practices, firms should maintain a commitment to learning capabilities and financial resources.

Originality/value

Three contributions are important for research. First, the paper proposes a model for explaining the nature of managerial flexibility. Second, it shows that flexibility and fit are interrelated concepts and that fit improves the measurability of flexibility. Third, managerial flexibility has positive implications for firm performance.
An empirical evaluation of key factors contributing to internet abuse in the workplace
Authors: Chen Jengchung V. , Chen Charlie C. , Yang Hsiao‐Han
Published: February 2008

Purpose

This study seeks to synthesize theories from communication, psychology and criminology to examine the factors that influence the two most popular topics in industry – internet abuse and addiction at the workplace.

Design/methodology/approach

The survey results of 351 responses were analyzed to test the proposed hypotheses and research model using structural equation modeling. Data were collected in Southern Science Park in Taiwan.

Findings

It was found that personality factors such as locus of control and self‐esteem significantly influence employees' internet addictions; and internet addiction significantly impacts employees' internet abuse at the workplace.

Practical implications

Employers should pay special attention to employees' personalities because they play important roles in internet addiction and internet abuse. Also a good internet policy will be useful especially to a panoptic working environment, which is becoming popular.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive theoretical foundation to better understand the two controversial issues in industry. The empirical study validates the important theories of locus of control, self‐esteem, use and gratification, control, and containment in workplace surveillance and deviant behavior research.
The physical environment and a “sense of neighborhood” in residential communities in Hong Kong
Authors: Hin Li Ling
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand how design of housing development affects a sense of neighbourhood.

Design/methodology/approach

Questionnaire surveys were carried out in two residential communities in Hong Kong with very different design concepts and the results were analysed by ANOVA model.

Findings

The residential community with substantial open space allocation creates a greater sense of neighbourhood, even though this community is located in a rather remote part of the city.

Research limitations/implications

The sample size is relatively small and in the future more communities should be included. In addition, international comparison can be made, especially with other Asian cities.

Practical implications

The findings provide a new perspective to the private developers in their design practice. To the government, more encouragement should be given to the private sector in promoting good community design,

Originality/value

This is one of the few papers that looks at the correlation between housing design and residents' feelings of their neighbourhood in Asia.
Innovation in the construction and property management industries
Authors: Wynn Martin , Jones Peter , Roberts Carolyn , Little Edward
Published: February 2008

Purpose

The purpose of this practice paper is to examine how the Knowledge Transfer Partnership (KTP) scheme has been employed to introduce change and deliver business benefit in the construction industry.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper begins with an introduction to the KTP scheme and its context within the University of Gloucestershire which serves as an introduction to three case studies, each one covering a 21‐24 month time span. The cases draw their empirical material from the experience of managing the KTPs, interviews, meeting minutes, board papers and final reports.

Findings

All three case studies have been successful in the introduction of new thinking or new ways of working in different areas of business. In one case study, a new marketing strategy was developed and implemented; in another, a new consultancy capability has been developed and embedded in the company; and in the third, new information systems were introduced to support corporate growth.

Originality/value

The value of the case studies lies in their originality and the paper highlights the value of the KTP scheme as a catalyst for the introduction of new ideas and initiatives in three different sectors of the construction industry. The paper also illustrates how academics can work productively in a commercial environment with industry partners
On alternative hybrid stress 2d and 3d elements
Authors: Di Shenglin , Ramm Ekkehard
Published: February 2008

Based on the recent advances of hybrid stress finite elements, a series
of alternative stress assumptions for these elements are investigated.
Several new element models are proposed by using different concepts for the
stress interpolation. Under a unified formulation presented in this paper for
Hellinger—Reissner principle based hybrid stress element models, the
element series 5β‐family for plane stress and 18β‐family
for three‐dimensional problems are discussed. The extra incompatible
displacements sometimes also added are not introduced in this unified
formulation. A number of popular benchmark elastic problems are examined for
both two element families. In each family, the element model presented in
this paper using normalized transformed higher order stress trials usually
gives better predictions than the others.
Finite element tidal current analysis with an open boundary condition
Authors: Kodama T. , Kawahara M.
Published: February 2008

A finite element method dealing with an open boundary condition for the
analysis of long wave problem is presented. The key feature of the method is
that spurious reflective waves which occurred for the initial transient state
on the open boundary can be eliminated by introducing a subdomain technique.
For the numerical outflow boundary condition, the progressive wave condition,
based on the shallow water long wave theory, is successfully employed. This
method is quite suitable for practical analysis because of its adaptability
for the arbitrary configuration of the open boundary and shape of elements
adjacent to the open boundary. This method is numerically verified for flow
in a one dimensional channel and the two dimensional tidal current in Tokyo
Bay. The numerical results are compared with analytical solutions and
observed data obtained by field measurements. These results are all in close
agreement.
Generalized eigenvalue formulation of the helmholtz equation by the
trefftz method
Authors: Kamiya N. , Wu S.T.
Published: February 2008

A new‐type eigenvalue formulation of the two‐dimensional
Helmholtz equation is presented in this paper. A boundary integral equation
is derived using the T‐complete functions relevant to the Trefftz
method, which is further transformed to the generalized eigenvalue problem.
Boundary discretization and a standard eigenvalue computation routine,
offered as a black box, are sufficient for the determination of the
eigenvalues. The proposed method can reduce the users’ task in preprocessing
and initial rough estimation when compared with the existing
domain‐type solvers.
Size effect on elastic properties of random composites
Authors: Cailletaud G. , Jeulin D. , Rolland P.
Published: February 2008

In addition to the prediction of effective elastic properties of random
media, the statistical variations of these properties for finite size
specimens are of practical interest. From finite element method calculations
on simulated 2D random media, size effects are studied and modelled. They
enable us to draw practical conclusions for finite element applications to
elastic random media.
Mesh optimization for problems with steep gradients
Authors: Coorevits P. , Ladevèze P. , Pelle J. ‐P.
Published: February 2008

In this paper we present a new method of mesh optimization which
automatically accounts for steep gradients. With this method, the user needs
no previous knowledge of the problem. The method is based on the concept of
error in the constitutive relation, coupled with an h‐version
remeshing procedure. The steep gradient regions are detected by using the
local errors, which are taken into account using the finite energy element.
Consequently the procedure can be extended to all estimators of
discretization errors. It is implemented in our code ESTEREF, a
post‐processor of error computation and mesh optimization that can be
used with any finite element code. Numerous examples show the capabilities of
the proposed method.
Flipp: fortran library for interactive persistent programming
Authors: Krysl P.
Published: February 2008

The present paper describes a Fortran library FLIPP constituting a
run‐time environment that is linked to scientific applications software
(such as finite‐element analysis programs) to support
programming of interactive program control and use of persistent
user‐defined dynamic data structures. The system consists of control
and data definition and manipulation subsystems. The FLIPP routines
are fully‐portable standard Fortran 77 procedures and the use of
FLIPP leads the programmer to information hiding, e.g. as in
object‐oriented systems. Program design and maintenance are
facilitated to a considerable degree, while at the same time the performance
of the programs using the FLIPP system remains fairly good as
demonstrated by the examples.
A hinge model with elastoplastic behaviour
Authors: Sonzogni V.E. , Géradin M.
Published: February 2008

An elastoplastic hinge model for transient beam response analysis has
been developed. A variety of monotonic curves as well as hystereutic cycles
can be constructed. Special models for unstable cycles of constitutive
relationships are offered by this model. Practical cases such as impact of a
hollow section or cracking of a reinforced concrete beam can be handled. The
application to the analysis of the impact of a rectangular hollow section is
shown. Good performance is obtained and comparison is made with the use of an
explicit impact code.
A model for elastoplastic damage at finite strains: algorithmic
issues and applications
Authors: De Souza Neto E.A. , Perić Djordje , Owen D.R.J.
Published: February 2008

This work addresses the computational aspects of a model for
elastoplastic damage at finite strains. The model is a modification of a
previously established model for large strain elastoplasticity described by
Perić et al. which is here extended to include isotropic damage and kinematic hardening. Within the computational scheme, the
constitutive equations are numerically integrated by an algorithm based on
operator split methodology (elastic predictor—plastic
corrector). The Newton—Raphson method is used to solve the
discretized evolution equations in the plastic corrector stage. A numerical
assessment of accuracy and stability of the integration algorithm is carried
out based on iso‐error maps. To improve the stability of
the local N—R scheme, the standard elastic predictor is replaced by
improvedinitial estimates ensuring convergence for large increments.
Several possibilities are explored and their effect on the stability of the
N—R scheme is investigated. The finite element method is used in the
approximation of the incremental equilibrium problem and the resulting
equations are solved by the standard Newton—Raphson procedure. Two
numerical examples are presented. The results are compared with those obtained
by the original elastoplastic model.
Elastoplastic finite element analysis on a
mimd parallel‐computer
Authors: Klaas O. , Kreienmeyer M. , Stein E.
Published: February 2008

This paper presents the development of a parallel finite
element algorithm for a MIMD parallel computer. The
elements are distributed, onto the processors, in such a way
that neighbouring elements are placed onto neighbouring
processors. This guarantees a good load‐balancing even in
physically non‐linear computations. The distribution of
the columns of the global system of equations is done by an
election algorithm. For solving the global system of equations
we use a parallel preconditioned conjugate gradient solver.
Tests were done with an elastoplastic material model for proving
the efficiency of assembling and solving the system of
equations.
Numerical solution of melting/solidification problems in cylindrical geometry
Authors: Caldwell James , Chiu Chi‐Keung
Published: February 2008

In this report, we study the numerical solution of
melting/solidification problems in cylindrical geometry by the heat
balance integral method. The heat balance method can be applied to a range of
problems, particularly to problems with symmetric geometries
(cylindrical and spherical), and the accuracy obtained is usually
sufficient for most practical situations. Good accuracy can be obtained by
using a linear temperature profile with spatial sub‐divisions. We also
discuss ways of improving the accuracy of the solutions and efficiency of the
computations. The heat balance method also can be used when there is a
singularity in the problem to provide small time approximation
solutions.
Introduction of the digital signal processing methodology
(DSPM) for time integration
Authors: Antoniadis I. , Kanarachos A.
Published: February 2008

Although the existence of a close relationship between the areas of
digital signal processing and time integration methodology is known, a
systematic application of the concepts and methods of the first area to the
second is missing. Such an approach is followed in this paper, arising from
the fact that any time integration formula can be viewed as a digital filter
of the applied excitation force, approximating as close as possible to the
behaviour of a ‘prototype analogue filter’, which is in fact the
semi discrete equations of motion of the system. This approach provides a
universal framework for handling and analysing all various aspects of time
integration formulae, such as analysis in the frequency domain, algebraic
operations, accuracy and stability, aliasing, spurious oscillations
generation, introduction of digital filters within the time integration
formula, initial conditions handling and overshooting. Additionally it is
shown that digital signal processing methods, such as pre‐ or
post‐processing, time delays, etc. can be in certain cases a quite
effective complement of the time integration scheme.
Dynamic finite element analysis applied to a simple model exhibiting
dynamic instability
Authors: Lim K.L. , Crisfield M.A.
Published: February 2008

The paper desribes an energy‐based framework for a simple model
with two degrees‐of‐freedom that statically exhibits
bifurcations or limit‐points. Dynamically, the equivalent system may
respond with small amplitude motion (being dynamically stable) or
it may ‘escape’ and move to exhibit ‘large amplitude
motion’ (thus becoming dynamically unstable). The energy
framework is used to define bounds for these stable and unstable motions.
These bounds are used to provide a framework for a set of dynamic finite
element computations based on conventional finite element
techniques.
On the solution of the steady convection—diffusion equation using
quadratic elements: a generalized galerkin technique also reliable with
distorted meshes
Authors: Goldschmit Marcela B. , Dvorkin Eduardo N.
Published: February 2008

A generalized Galerkin technique originally developed by Donea,
Belytschko and Smolinski for solving the steady convection—diffusion
equation using elements with quadratic interpolation has been modified to
extend its application to the case of geometrically distorted 1D and 2D
elements. The numerical results indicate that the modified scheme gives
accurate results and presents a rather small sensitivity to element
distortions.
On a conjugate‐gradient two‐grid method for
three‐dimensional elasticity
Authors: Muttin F. , Chenot J. ‐L.
Published: February 2008

A two‐grid iterative method for 3D linear elasticity problems,
discretized using quadratic tetrahedral elements is proposed. The
conjugate‐gradient method is used as smoother. As compared to the
conjugate‐gradient alone, it is shown, via numerical examples, that the
method is much more efficient on the basis of computing time and memory
allocation. The convergence property of the method is sensitive to the
regularity of the problem.
A method to resolve ambiguities in corner‐corner interactions between polygons in the context of motion simulations
Authors: Krishnasamy Jayaraman , Jakiela Mark J.
Published: February 2008

The motion of systems of polygonal objects is characterized by discontinuities due to changes in the set of contacts between polygons. Effective simulations of such a motion requires a simulation scheme that can automatically update the set of contacts during the simulation. This article focuses on a contact updating problem that arises when a penalty based contact model is used. A penalty based model requires a finite overlap of contacting polygons. This overlap results in ambiguities in characterizing corner‐corner contact between polygons. A simple yet effective scheme to overcome such ambiguities is presented.
A combined finite‐discrete element method in transient dynamics of fracturing solids
Authors: Munjiza A. , Owen D.R.J. , Bicanic N.
Published: February 2008

This paper discusses the issues involved in the development of combined finite/discrete element methods; both from a fundamental theoretical viewpoint and some related algorithmic considerations essential for the efficient numerical solution of large scale industrial problems. The finite element representation of the solid region is combined with progressive fracturing, which leads to the formation of discrete elements, which may be composed of one or more deformable finite elements. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated by the solution of a range of examples relevant to various industrial sections.
Discretization influence in strain—softening problems
Authors: Sluys L.J. , Cauvern M. , De
Borst R.
Published: February 2008

The dispersive behaviour of waves in softening problems is analysed.
Attention is focused on the influence of the numerical scheme on the
dispersion characteristics in the process of localization of deformation.
Distinction has been made between softening models defined in a standard
plasticity framework and in a gradient‐dependent plasticity theory.
Waves in a standard softening plasticity continuum do not disperse but due to
spatial discretization dispersion is introduced which results in a mesh size
dependent length scale effect. On the other hand, wave propagation in a
gradient‐dependent softening plasticity continuum is dispersive. By
carrying out the dispersion analysis on the discretized system the influence
of numerical dispersion on material dispersion can be quantified which
enables us to determine the accuracy for the solution of the localization
zone. For a modelling with and without the inclusion of strain gradients
accuracy considerations with respect to mass discretization, finite element
size, time integration scheme and time step have been carried out.
Numerical analysis of near—wall channelling in a packed bed
Authors: Du Plessis J.P. , Roos L.I.
Published: February 2008

Regularities imposed by an external wall on the random distribution of
particles in a packed bed lead to anisotropic wall effects of the bed. The
resulting deviations of near—wall porosity from the average
bed—porosity markedly affect the average velocity profile, not only
near the wall but also some distance into the bed itself. The effect of wall
channelling due to such variations in porosity near external boundaries is
predicted by means of two different numerical solution methods for a unified
model for granular porous media. The results are shown to compare favourably
to experimental and numerical results reported in the literature.
Dynamic stability of a beam on multiple supports subject to pulsating
conservative axial loads
Authors: Lee H.P.
Published: February 2008

The equation of motion of a beam on multiple supports, subject to
prescribed time‐dependent conservative axial loads, is formulated
based on Hamilton’s principle and the assumed mode method. The effects of
sinusoidal perturbations in respect of the axial loads are then examined
using Bolotin’s method. The respective regions of instability are determined
by converting the resulting equations of boundary frequencies into the
standard form of a generalized eigenvalue problem. Instability regions are
presented for various combinations of support configuration, average value
and amplitude of the sinusoidal perturbations of the axial loads.
A procedure for determining load paths in elastic continua
Authors: Kelly D.W. , Elsley M.
Published: February 2008

The determination of load paths is an essential element of structural
design. Load paths provide insight into the way the structure is performing
its prescribed function. They can also indicate possibilities for shape
optimization and the effect of component modification or damage. They are
relatively easy to define in simple structures such as trusses which comprise
a finite number of clearly defined members which carry only axial load. The
load path is given simply by tracing the higher axial loads through the
structure. However, for continua such as plates or solids, there is
currently no systematic procedure for determining the path of load from the
point of application to the constrained boundaries. This paper addresses the
problem of defining the path of loads in plates with geometric
discontinuities and in simple joints. The theory associated with the
determination of the load path is first introduced, and then integrated into
a finite element package to provide pictorial contours.
High order gradient smoothing towards improved
C1 eigenvalues
Authors: Avrashi Jacob
Published: February 2008

This article deals with improvement of eigenvalues obtained by finite
element analysis of C1 eigenproblems. The proposed method employs
high order gradient smoothing at nodal points to derive improved high order
interpolation functions for the single element of each mode. Two different
schemes were developed for 1–D C1 eigenproblems (free
vibration of beams) and for 2–D quasi C1 eigenproblems
(transverse vibrations of thin plates). High order Hermitian
polynomials are used for the beam problem together with some boundary node
corrections, while a combination of high‐order and low‐order
approximations are used for the modified formulation of the plate problem.
Several smoothing options are proposed for both schemes. Numerical results
for both schemes are used as examples to demonstrate the accuracy of the
present approach.
Numerical modelling and simulation of frictional contact using a
generalised coulomb law
Authors: Heege Andreas , Alart Pierre , Oñate Eugenio
Published: February 2008

A consistent formulation for unilateral contact problems including
frictional work hardening or softening is proposed. The approach is based on
an augmented Lagrangian approach coupled to an implicit quasi‐static
Finite Element Method. Analogous to classical work hardening theory in
elasto‐plasticity, the frictional work is chosen as the internal
variable for formulating the evolution of the friction convex. In order to
facilitate the implementation of a wide range of phenomenological models, the
friction coefficient is defined in a parametrised form in terms of Bernstein
polynomials. Numerical simulation of a 3D deep‐drawing operation
demonstrates the performance of the methods for predicting frictional contact
phenomena in the case of large sliding paths including high
curvatures.
Two—grid method for regularized frictional elastostatics problems
Authors: Lebon F.
Published: February 2008

This paper is the description of a new two‐grid algorithm to
solve frictional contact problems. A regularized formulation is introduced
and the discretized problem is solved using an internal non linear
two‐grid technique coupled with a diagonal fixed point algorithm.
Mathematical background is given, and superconvergence is
obtained.