bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of action, potency and efficacy: considerations for cell therapies
Authors: Simon Carl G. , Bozenhardt Erich H. , Celluzzi Christina M. , Dobnik David , Grant Melanie L. , Lakshmipathy Uma , Nebel Thiana , Peltier Linda , Ratcliffe Anthony , Sherley James L. , Stacey Glyn N. , Taghizadeh Rouzbeh R. , Tan Eddie H. P. , Vessillier Sandrine
Published: May 2024

One of the most challenging aspects of developing advanced cell therapy products (CTPs) is defining the mechanism of action (MOA), potency and efficacy of the product. This perspective examines these concepts and presents helpful ways to think about them through the lens of metrology. A logical framework for thinking about MOA, potency and efficacy is presented that is consistent with the existing regulatory guidelines, but also accommodates what has been learned from the 27 US FDA-approved CTPs. Available information regarding MOA, potency and efficacy for the 27 FDA-approved CTPs is reviewed to provide background and perspective. Potency process and efficacy process charts are introduced to clarify and illustrate the relationships between six key concepts: MOA, potency, potency test, efficacy, efficacy endpoint and efficacy endpoint test. Careful consideration of the meaning of these terms makes it easier to discuss the challenges of correlating potency test results with clinical outcomes and to understand how the relationships between the concepts can be misunderstood during development and clinical trials. Examples of how a product can be “potent but not efficacious” or “not potent but efficacious” are presented. Two example applications of the framework compare how MOA is assessed in cell cultures, animal models and human clinical trials and reveals the challenge of establishing MOA in humans. Lastly, important considerations for the development of potency tests for a CTP are discussed. These perspectives can help product developers set appropriate expectations for understanding a product’s MOA and potency, avoid unrealistic assumptions and improve communication among team members during the development of CTPs.
Unravelling taboos and cultural beliefs associated with hidden hunger among pregnant and breast-feeding women in Buyende district Eastern Uganda
Authors: Tugume Patience , Mustafa Abubakar Sadik , Walusansa Abdul , Ojelel Samuel , Nyachwo Evelyne B. , Muhumuza Emmanuel , Nampeera Maria , Kabbale Fredrick , Ssenku Jamilu.E.
Published: May 2024

Background

Food taboos and cultural beliefs among pregnant and breast-feeding women influence their food consumption patterns and hence the health of women and unborn children. Cognizant of their neglect in programs aimed to ameliorate hidden hunger among pregnant and breast-feeding women in Buyende and other resource-poor communities in sub-Saharan Africa, we opted for a study to unravel them to inform program design.

Methods

We documented food taboos and beliefs amongst pregnant and breast-feeding women from six sub-counties of Buyende district in Eastern Uganda. A mixed-methods approach was used, which was comprised of questionnaire interviews with 462 women, eight focus group discussions with 6–10 participants in each and a total of 15 key informant interviews.

Results

The present study revealed that 129 (27.9%) of the respondents practice food taboos and adhere to cultural beliefs related to their dietary habits during pregnancy and breast-feeding that are fuelling the prevalence of hidden hunger. The most tabooed foods during pregnancy were sugarcane (17.8%), fishes which included lung fish, catfish and the Lake Victoria sardine (Rastrineobola argentea) (15.2%), oranges (6.6%), pineapples (5.9%), eggs (3.3%), chicken (3.3%) and cassava, mangoes and Cleome gynandra (each at 3%). Most foods were avoided for reasons associated with pregnancy and labour complications and undesirable effects on the baby. Most women learnt of the taboos and beliefs from the elders, their own mother, grandparents or mother-in-law, but there was also knowledge transmission in social groups within the community.

Conclusions

The taboos and cultural beliefs in the study area render pregnant and breast-feeding women prone to micronutrient deficiency since they are denied consumption of a diversity of nutritious foods. There is a need to educate such women about consumption of nutrient-rich foods like fish, eggs, fruits and vegetables in order to improve their health, that of the unborn and children being breast fed. Additionally, culturally appropriate nutrition education may be a good strategy to eliminate inappropriate food taboos and beliefs with negative impact on the health of pregnant and breast-feeding women.
Intersectionality as a tool for clinical ethics consultation in mental healthcare
Authors: Faissner Mirjam , Brünig Lisa , Gaillard Anne-Sophie , Jieman Anna-Theresa , Gather Jakov , Hempeler Christin
Published: May 2024

Bioethics increasingly recognizes the impact of discriminatory practices based on social categories such as race, gender, sexual orientation or ability on clinical practice. Accordingly, major bioethics associations have stressed that identifying and countering structural discrimination in clinical ethics consultations is a professional obligation of clinical ethics consultants. Yet, it is still unclear how clinical ethics consultants can fulfill this obligation. More specifically, clinical ethics needs both theoretical tools to analyze and practical strategies to address structural discrimination within clinical ethics consultations. Intersectionality, a concept developed in Black feminist scholarship, is increasingly considered in bioethical theory. It stresses how social structures and practices determine social positions of privilege and disadvantage in multiple, mutually co-constitutive systems of oppression. This article aims to investigate how intersectionality can contribute to addressing structural discrimination in clinical ethics consultations with a particular focus on mental healthcare. To this end, we critically review existing approaches for clinical ethics consultants to address structural racism in clinical ethics consultations and extend them by intersectional considerations. We argue that intersectionality is a suitable tool to address structural discrimination within clinical ethics consultations and show that it can be practically implemented in two complementary ways: 1) as an analytic approach and 2) as a critical practice.
Nexplanonectomy—the surgical removal of an embolized implanted contraceptive device: a case report and review of the literature
Authors: Maybury Edward K. , Affrin Zachary C. , Popa Christian , Fowler Max , Laliberte Bryan D. , Clarke Sarah C.
Published: May 2024

Background

Nexplanon implants are a common hormonal contraceptive modality. Though rare, these devices can embolize into the injured wall of the basilic vein, through the right heart, and finally wedge itself into a pulmonary artery. With adherence to the arterial wall over time, it becomes less amenable to endovascular retrieval. Patients may present with symptoms mimicking a pulmonary embolism, or without any symptoms at all. In asymptomatic cases, endovascular retrieval and/or surgery is required when patients wish to begin having children prior to biological inactivity. The current literature showed as little as nine case reports detailing lung tissue removal in the aim of reversing a patient’s implanted contraceptive device.

Case presentation

A 22-year-old asymptomatic active-duty Caucasian female presented for elective outpatient Nexplanon removal. The suspicion of possible implant migration arose when it was discovered to be non-palpable in her left arm. After plain film x-rays failed to localize the implant, a chest x-ray and follow-up Computed Tomography (CT) scan revealed that the Nexplanon had migrated to a distal branch of the left pulmonary artery. Due to the patient’s strong desires to begin having children, the decision was made for removal. Initial endovascular retrieval failed due to Nexplanon encapsulation within the arterial wall. Ultimately, the patient underwent a left video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) for exploration and left lower lobe basilar S7–9 segmentectomy, which successfully removed the Nexplanon.

Conclusions

Implanted contraceptive devices can rarely result in migration to the pulmonary vasculature. These radiopaque devices are detectable on imaging studies if patients and clinicians are unable to palpate them. An endovascular approach should be considered first to spare lung tissue and avoid chest-wall incisions, but can be complicated by encapsulation and adherence to adjacent tissue. A VATS procedure with single-lung ventilation via a double-lumen endotracheal tube allows surgeons to safely operate on an immobilized lung while anesthesiologists facilitate single-lung ventilation. This patient’s case details the uncommon phenomenon of Nexplanon migration, and the exceedingly rare treatment resolution of lung resection to remove an embolized device.
Risk factors and long-term outcomes of oropharyngeal dysphagia in persons with multiple sclerosis: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Sadeghi Zahra , Afshar Mohamadreza , Memarian Asefeh , Flowers Heather L.
Published: May 2024

Background

Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OPD) can be functionally debilitating in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS). OPD induces alterations in safety and efficiency of food and/or liquid ingestion and may incur negative sequalae such as aspiration pneumonia or malnutrition/dehydration. Early detection and timely management of OPD in pwMS could prevent such complications and reduce mortality rates. Identifying risk factors of OPD relative to its onset or repeat manifestation will enable the development of care pathways that target early assessment and sustained management. The aims of this systematic review are to compile, evaluate, and summarize the existing literature reporting potential risk factors and associated long-term outcomes (e.g., aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, and/or death) of OPD in pwMS.

Methods

We will undertake a systematic review to identify studies that describe patterns and complications of OPD in pwMS. Variables of interest include predictors of OPD along with long-term outcomes. We will search MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, AMED, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and Scopus. We will consider studies for inclusion if they involve at least 30 adult participants with MS and report risk factors for OPD and/or its long-term outcomes. Studies will be excluded if they refer to esophageal or oropharyngeal dysphagia induced by causes other than multiple sclerosis. Study selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent assessors for abstract and full article review. We will present study characteristics in tables and document research findings for dysphagia-related risk factors or its complications via a narrative format or meta-analysis if warranted (e.g., mean difference and/or risk ratio measurements). All included studies will undergo risk-of-bias assessment conducted independently by two authors with consensus on quality ratings.

Discussion

There is a lacune for systematic reviews involving risk factors and long-term outcomes of dysphagia in pwMS to date. Our systematic review will provide the means to develop accurate and efficient management protocols for careful monitoring and evaluation of dysphagia in pwMS. The results of this systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO CRD42022340625.
New insights on the analysis of the causes of glossy lustre on the surface of ancient Chinese bronze mirrors
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Long Shasha , Wang Xuening , Liu Fangzhi , Ma Qinglin
Published: May 2024

Ancient Chinese bronzes, particularly bronze mirrors, often develop a fatty, oily, or greasy film on their surface, known as patina. This film can appear silvery, green, or black. Bronze mirror samples from the Spring and Autumn Period (770–476/403 BCE) to the Ming Dynasty (1368–1644 CE) were analyzed using a systematic approach that included super depth of field three-dimensional microscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM–EDS), Raman spectroscopy, and THM-Py-GC/MS. The analysis indicates the presence of advanced organic acid lead in the matrix of ancient bronze mirrors. The ancient existence of the lost wax method combined with the mould method of bronze casting technology is verified through simulation experiments and ancient literature. Ancient bronze mirrors may have utilized this technique, with advanced organic acid lead remaining in the mirror mould that entered the bronze mirror matrix during pouring. The Lead organic acids in bronze mirrors readily precipitate on the surface and cover the mirror. The change in the greasy sheen on the surface of the bronze mirror may be related to the degree of corrosion. If the mirror's corrosion level is low, the organic acid lead film remains transparent. If the level of corrosion is significant, the organic acid lead film may darken in color due to oxidation, aging, hydrolysis, or microbial activity.
Computational 3D topographic microscopy from terabytes of data per sample
Authors: Zhou Kevin C. , Harfouche Mark , Zheng Maxwell , Jönsson Joakim , Lee Kyung Chul , Kim Kanghyun , Appel Ron , Reamey Paul , Doman Thomas , Saliu Veton , Horstmeyer Gregor , Lee Seung Ah , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: May 2024

We present a large-scale computational 3D topographic microscope that enables 6-gigapixel profilometric 3D imaging at micron-scale resolution across >110 cm2areas over multi-millimeter axial ranges. Our computational microscope, termed STARCAM (Scanning Topographic All-in-focus Reconstruction with a Computational Array Microscope), features a parallelized, 54-camera architecture with 3-axis translation to capture, for each sample of interest, a multi-dimensional, 2.1-terabyte (TB) dataset, consisting of a total of 224,640 9.4-megapixel images. We developed a self-supervised neural network-based algorithm for 3D reconstruction and stitching that jointly estimates an all-in-focus photometric composite and 3D height map across the entire field of view, using multi-view stereo information and image sharpness as a focal metric. The memory-efficient, compressed differentiable representation offered by the neural network effectively enables joint participation of the entire multi-TB dataset during the reconstruction process. Validation experiments on gauge blocks demonstrate a profilometric precision and accuracy of 10 µm or better. To demonstrate the broad utility of our new computational microscope, we applied STARCAM to a variety of decimeter-scale objects, with applications ranging from cultural heritage to industrial inspection.
Ghost guns and crime: a tale of two California cities
Authors: De Biasi Alaina , Braga Anthony A. , Velasquez Brad , Wintemute Garen
Published: May 2024

Background

Privately made firearms (PMFs) or “ghost guns” are homemade, unserialized, untraceable firearms that have been increasingly used in violent crime in the United States. Very little is known about the types of PMFs recovered by law enforcement agencies and the crimes associated with these recoveries. This lack of information limits effective violence prevention policies and practices. Comparative analysis of PMF recoveries in specific cities helps clarify whether local PMF patterns and characteristics vary or reflect more general trends. This research advances epidemiological understanding of emergent violent gun injury prevention challenges by identifying variations in recovered PMF types and use in violent, drug, and weapon-related offenses in Los Angeles and San Diego, California.

Methods

Conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC) identifies patterns among observations (i.e., case configurations) and calculates their probability associated with a given outcome. CACC was used to identify the most common types of PMFs recovered by the Los Angeles (LAPD) and San Diego (SDPD) police departments. For each department and offense type, case configurations with above-average probabilities of offense involvement were determined. Comparisons across departments were made to identify similarities and differences in PMF characteristics and usage.

Results

PMFs were more likely to be involved in violent and weapon-related offenses in Los Angles but more likely to be involved in drug-related offenses in San Diego. In both cities, the 9 mm Polymer 80 handgun was the dominant PMF. However, 9 mm handguns were most likely to be involved in weapon-related offenses in Los Angeles compared to 0.40 handguns in San Diego. Furthermore, large-caliber handguns tended to display above-average probabilities of involvement in violent and drug offenses in Los Angeles. Long guns were represented in case configurations with above-average probabilities of involvement in substantive crimes, including violence.

Conclusions

Comparative analyses of PMF recovery patterns in Los Angeles and San Diego reveal meaningful contextual variations in PMF characteristics and suggest intentional firearm type selections by offenders. The results support increased regulation of PMFs and highlight the importance of efforts to identify and disrupt the illicit supply of large-caliber PMF handguns and PMF long guns.
Length control of a McKibben pneumatic actuator using a dynamic quantizer
Authors: Sugimoto Yasuhiro , Naniwa Keisuke , Nakanishi Daisuke , Osuka Koichi
Published: May 2024

McKibben pneumatic actuators (MPAs) are soft actuators that exert tension by applying compressed air to expand a rubber tube. Although electro-pneumatic regulators can control air pressure, most are large and expensive. This study utilizes a dynamic quantizer to control the MPA with a small solenoid valve that can only open and close the valve instead of an electro-pneumatic regulator. A dynamic quantizer is one of the quantizers that converts continuous signals to discrete signals. Our previous study confirmed that tension control of MPA under isometric conditions could be realized using a dynamic quantizer. However, it is often necessary to control the length of the MPA as well as the tension of the MPA. This study implements a dynamic quantizer to control the length of the MPA with a small solenoid valve. Numerical simulations and experimental tests verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results of the numerical simulations and experimental tests confirmed that the length of the MPA can be controlled using the dynamic quantizer.
Feasibility of blinding spinal manual therapy interventions among participants and outcome assessors: protocol for a blinding feasibility trial
Authors: Muñoz Laguna Javier , Kurmann Astrid , Hofstetter Léonie , Nyantakyi Emanuela , Clack Lauren , Bang Heejung , Foster Nadine E. , Braun Julia , Puhan Milo A. , Farshad Mazda , Hincapié Cesar A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Blinding is a methodologically important aspect in randomised controlled trials yet frequently overlooked in trials of spinal manual therapy interventions for back pain. To help inform the blinding methods of a future, double-placebo-controlled trial comparing spinal manual therapy and nerve root injection for lumbosacral radicular pain, we set four objectives: (1) to assess the feasibility of blinding participants, randomly allocated to an active or placebo-control spinal manual therapy intervention protocol, (2) to assess the feasibility of blinding outcome assessors within the trial, (3) to explore the influence of spinal manual therapy experience and low back pain on blinding, and (4) to explore factors contributing to perceptions about intervention assignment among participants and outcome assessors.

Methods and analysis

Two-parallel-group, single-centre, placebo-controlled, methodological blinding feasibility randomised trial. We will recruit between 60 and 100 adults with or without back pain and with or without experience of spinal manual therapy from Zurich, Switzerland. Participants will be randomised to either an active spinal manual therapy or a placebo-control spinal manual therapy protocol—both interventions delivered over two study visits, up to two weeks apart. The primary outcome is participant blinding using the Bang blinding index within each intervention arm immediately after each of the two study visits. Secondary outcomes are participant blinding using the James blinding index, outcome assessor blinding (Bang and James blinding indices), self-reported factors influencing perceived intervention assignment among participants and outcome assessors, and participant-reported credibility and expectancy of study interventions. Other outcomes—included to blind the study objective from participants—are lumbar spine range of motion, self-rated general health, satisfaction with care, pain intensity, and function. Intervention provider outcomes include intervention component fidelity and quality of intervention delivery.

Ethics and dissemination

The independent ethics commission of Canton Zurich granted ethical approval for this study (KEK 2023–00381). Written informed consent will be obtained from all participants. Findings will be disseminated in scientific conferences and a peer-reviewed publication and inform the blinding methods of a future double-placebo controlled trial comparing spinal manual therapy and nerve root injection for lumbosacral radicular pain—the SALuBRITY trial.

Trial registration

NCT05778396.
Perceived need for a teacher education course on assessment literacy development: insights from EAP instructors
Authors: Estaji Masoomeh
Published: May 2024

Classroom assessment, as a crucial element of the teaching journey, plays a significant part in enhancing student achievement, student learning, and teacher instruction. As such, teachers should possess a good grasp of assessment literacy. This study aimed to explore the EAP teachers’ perceptions regarding the demand for in-service training in various areas of language assessment, in particular, examining how a language testing and assessment (LTA) teacher education course would impact the EAP instructors’ Language Assessment Literacy (LAL). In this qualitative study, pursuing a descriptive narrative design, 60 EAP instructors were selected through purposive sampling from those who have been working in state universities in Tehran. From these participants, 30 EAP teachers were asked to write narratives regarding their needs for training on LAL, and the other 30 participants were involved in an online semi-structured interview to determine how such a course could promote or inhibit their perceptions and practices of LA and LAL. Using MAXQDA to do content and thematic analysis, the research findings revealed that EAP instructors highly perceived a need for further training especially a practice-based one. In particular, the instructors thought of teacher education courses as contributing to their theoretical and practical knowledge of LAL. Hence, teacher education courses with a specific focus on LAL are highly required, changing EAP teachers’ perspectives on LTA, from being taught solely in theory to being taught practically in real classroom environments.
GMP production of [18F]FE-PE2I on a TRACERLab FX2 N synthesis module, a radiotracer for in vivo PET imaging of the dopamine transport
Authors: Ferrat Mélodie , Moein Mohammad M. , Cananau Carmen , Tegnebratt Tetyana , Saliba Paul , Norman Fredrik , Steiger Carsten , Bratteby Klas , Samén Erik , Dahl Kenneth , Tran Thuy A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by a degeneration of the dopaminergic system. Dopamine transporter (DAT) positron emission tomography (PET) imaging has emerged as a powerful and non-invasive method to quantify dopaminergic function in the living brain. The PET radioligand, [18F]FE-PE2I, a cocaine chemical derivative, has shown promising properties for in vivo PET imaging of DAT, including high affinity and selectivity for DAT, excellent brain permeability, and favorable metabolism. The aim of the current study was to scale up the production of [18F]FE-PE2I to fulfil the increasing clinical demand for this tracer.

Results

Thus, a fully automated and GMP-compliant production procedure has been developed using a commercially available radiosynthesis module GE TRACERLab FX2 N. [18F]FE-PE2I was produced with a radiochemical yield of 39 ± 8% (n = 4, relative [18F]F− delivered to the module). The synthesis time was 70 min, and the molar activity was 925.3 ± 763 GBq/µmol (250 ± 20 Ci/µmol). The produced [18F]FE-PE2I was stable over 6 h at room temperature.

Conclusion

The protocol reliably provides a sterile and pyrogen–free GMP-compliant product.
Beyond learning with cold machine: interpersonal communication skills as anthropomorphic cue of AI instructor
Authors: Zhang Shunan , Zhao Xiangying , Nan Dongyan , Kim Jang Hyun
Published: May 2024

Prior research has explored the impact of diverse anthropomorphic interventions on the effectiveness of AI (artificial intelligence) instructors. However, the exploration of interpersonal communication skills (e.g., self-disclosure) as anthropomorphic conversational cues for AI instructors is rare. Considering the positive impact of the self-disclosure of human instructors and guided by the social penetration theory (Altman & Taylor, 1973) and computers are social actors (CASA) paradigm (Nass & Moon, 2000), this study explores the role of self-disclosure by AI instructors and the mediating role of emotional attachment between AI instructors’ self-disclosure and students’ learning experiences (learning interest and knowledge gain). Additionally, it examines the differences in students’ emotional attachment, learning interest, and knowledge gain between AI and human instructors. Through a 2 (AI instructor vs. human instructor) × 2 (self-disclosure: yes or no) experiment, this study concluded that 1) consistent with human instructors, self-disclosure by AI instructors led to higher emotional attachment, learning interest, and knowledge gain; 2) emotional attachment played an important mediating role in AI instructor self-disclosure and students’ learning interest and knowledge gain; and 3) in the context of self-disclosure, students exhibited similar levels of emotional attachment to both AI and human instructors, with no significant differences observed. Regarding learning outcomes, while students demonstrated a greater interest in learning during courses taught by AI instructors, the difference in knowledge gained from AI and human instructors was not significant. The results of this study contribute to the understanding of the anthropomorphic cues of AI instructors and provide recommendations and insights for the future use of AI instructors in educational settings.
Slips of the tongue in patients with Gilles de la Tourette syndrome
Authors: Robert Carina , Weiblen Ronja , Wagner-Altendorf Tobias A. , Paulus Theresa , Müller-Vahl Kirsten , Münchau Alexander , Krämer Ulrike M. , Heldmann Marcus , Roessner Veit , Münte Thomas F.
Published: May 2024

Background

Motor and vocal tics are the main symptom of Gilles de la Tourette-syndrome (GTS). A particular complex vocal tic comprises the utterance of swear words, termed coprolalia. Since taboo words are socially inappropriate, they are normally suppressed by people, which implies cognitive control processes.

Method

To investigate the control of the unintentional pronunciation of taboo words and the associated processes of conflict monitoring, we used the “Spoonerisms of Laboratory Induced Predisposition” (SLIP) paradigm. Participants read multiple inductor word pairs with the same phonemes, followed by pronouncing a target pair with inverse phonemes. This led to a conflict between two competing speech plans: the correct word pair and the word pair with inverted phonemes. Latter speech error, a spoonerism, could result in a neutral or taboo word. We investigated 19 patients with GTS and 23 typically developed controls (TDC) and measured participants’ electroencephalography (EEG) during the SLIP task.

Results

At the behavioral level less taboo than neutral word spoonerisms occurred in both groups without significant differences. Event-related brain potentials (ERP) revealed a difference between taboo and neutral word conditions in the GTS group at the midline electrodes in a time range of 250–400 ms after the speech prompt, which was not found in the TDC group. The extent of this effect depended on the number of inductor word pairs, suggesting an increasing level of cognitive control in the GTS group.

Conclusion

The differences between taboo and neutral word conditions in patients with GTS compared to TDC suggest an altered recruitment of cognitive control processes in GTS, likely enlisted to suppress taboo words.
Unicompartmental knee replacement: controversies and technical considerations
Authors: Albishi Waleed , AbuDujain Nasser M. , Aldhahri Mohammed , Alzeer Meshari
Published: May 2024

Background

Unicompartmental knee replacement (UKR) is one of the effective interventions for the treatment of symptomatic knee osteoarthritis. Moreover, it has multiple advantages over total knee arthroplasty (TKA), including reduced intraoperative blood loss, decreased risk of transfusion, and faster recovery. This study aimed to discuss critical technical considerations regarding UKR and some of the controversies and updates.

Methods

We conducted a review to provide an overview of the controversies and technical considerations about UKR in several aspects. Only peer-reviewed articles were included, up to December 2023 using PubMed, Google Scholar, ERIC, and Cochrane database for systematic reviews databases.

Result

UKR is associated with superior patient-reported clinical and functional outcomes, as well as shorter hospital stays, fewer postoperative complications, and revealed favorable outcomes in patients’ return to sport. The choice between mobile- and fixed-bearing prostheses depends, in part, on the surgeon’s preference. The mobile-bearing UKR is a less constrained prosthesis and can potentially result in less wear, but it is more technically demanding. While no significant difference between mobile-bearing versus fixed-bearing prostheses, cementless is superior to cemented design. Furthermore, UKR can be a good alternative for high tibial osteotomy (HTO) and still can be considered after a failed HTO. Lastly, recent reviews have shown a revision rate comparable to that of TKA. This is probably influenced by Improved comprehension of the best indications, patient selection criteria, as well as of the design, materials, and technological advances.

Conclusion

UKR treatment for unicompartmental knee osteoarthritis is secure and effective. Based on clinical and functional outcomes, decreased morbidity and mortality, and cost-effectiveness, long-term studies suggest that UKR is superior to TKA. Further investigation in this area is warranted.
Anatomo-physiological basis and applied techniques of electrical neuromodulation in chronic pain
Authors: Guzzi Giusy , Della Torre Attilio , Bruni Andrea , Lavano Angelo , Bosco Vincenzo , Garofalo Eugenio , La Torre Domenico , Longhini Federico
Published: May 2024

Chronic pain, a complex and debilitating condition, poses a significant challenge to both patients and healthcare providers worldwide. Conventional pharmacological interventions often prove inadequate in delivering satisfactory relief while carrying the risks of addiction and adverse reactions. In recent years, electric neuromodulation emerged as a promising alternative in chronic pain management. This method entails the precise administration of electrical stimulation to specific nerves or regions within the central nervous system to regulate pain signals. Through mechanisms that include the alteration of neural activity and the release of endogenous pain-relieving substances, electric neuromodulation can effectively alleviate pain and improve patients' quality of life. Several modalities of electric neuromodulation, with a different grade of invasiveness, provide tailored strategies to tackle various forms and origins of chronic pain. Through an exploration of the anatomical and physiological pathways of chronic pain, encompassing neurotransmitter involvement, this narrative review offers insights into electrical therapies’ mechanisms of action, clinical utility, and future perspectives in chronic pain management.
Pubertal Suppression in Early Puberty Followed by Testosterone Mildly Increases Final Height in Transmasculine Youth
Authors: Persky Rebecca W , Apple Danielle , Dowshen Nadia , Pine Elyse , Whitehead Jax , Barrera Ellis , Roberts Stephanie A , Carswell Jeremi , Stone Dana , Diez Sandra , Bost James , Dwivedi Pallavi , Gomez-Lobo Veronica
Published: May 2024

Context

Treatment for transmasculine youth (TMY) can involve testosterone treatment and is sometimes preceded by gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment for puberty blockade. GnRHas can increase final height in birth-assigned females with central precocious puberty. Maximizing final adult height (FAH) is an important outcome for many TMY.

Objective

Our objective was to determine how GnRHa treatment before testosterone impacts FAH.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study at 5 US transgender health clinics. Participants were 32 TMY treated with GnRHas in early to midpuberty before testosterone (GnRHa + T group) and 62 late/postpubertal TMY treated with testosterone only (T-only group).

Results

The difference between FAH minus midparental target height (MPTH) was +2.3 ± 5.7 cm and −2.2 ± 5.6 cm in the GnRHa + T and T-only groups, respectively (P < .01). In the GnRHa + T group, FAH was 1.8 ± 3.4 cm greater than predicted adult height (PAH) (P < .05) and FAH vs initial height (IH) z-score was 0.5 ± 1.2 vs 0.16 ± 1.0 (P < .05). After adjusting for patient characteristics, each additional month of GnRHa monotherapy increased FAH by 0.59 cm (95% CI 0.31, 0.9 cm), stage 3 breast development at start of GnRHa was associated with 6.5 cm lower FAH compared with stage 2 (95% CI −10.43, −2.55), and FAH was 7.95 cm greater in the GnRHa + T group than in T-only group (95% CI −10.85, −5.06).

Conclusion

Treatment with GnRHa in TMY in early puberty before testosterone increases FAH compared with MPTH, PAH, IH, and TMY who only received testosterone in late/postpuberty. TMY considering GnRHas should be counseled that GnRHas may mildly increase their FAH if started early.
Screening for antifolate and artemisinin resistance in Plasmodium falciparum dried-blood spots from three hospitals of Eritrea
Authors: Mukhongo Harriet Natabona , Kinyua Johnson Kang'ethe , Weldemichael Yishak Gebrekidan , Kasili Remmy Wekesa
Published: May 2024

Background Antimalarial drug resistance is a major challenge hampering malaria control and elimination. About three-quarters of Eritrea’s population resides in the malaria-endemic western lowlands of the country. Plasmodium falciparum, the leading causative parasite species, has developed resistance to basically all antimalarials. Continued surveillance of drug resistance using genetic markers provides important molecular data for treatment policies which complements clinical studies, and strengthens control efforts. This study sought to genotype point mutations associated with P. falciparum resistance to sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and artemisinin, in dried-blood spots from three hospitals in the western lowlands of Eritrea. Methods Dried-blood spot samples were collected from patients visiting Adi Quala, Keren and Gash Barka Hospitals, between July and October, 2014. The patients were followed up after treatment with first line artesunate-amodiaquine, and dried-blood spots were collected on day three after treatment. Nested polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing techniques were employed to genotype point mutations in the Pfdhfr (PF3D7_0417200), Pfdhps (PF3D7_0810800) and PfK13 (PF3D7_1343700) partial gene regions. Results Sequence data analyses of PCR-positive isolates found wild-type artemisinin haplotypes associated with resistance (Y493Y, R539R, I543I) in three isolates, whereas four mutant antifolate haplotypes associated with resistance were observed in six isolates. These included the triple-mutant Pfdhfr (S108N, C59R, N51I) haplotype, the double-mutant Pfdhfr (N51I, S108N) haplotype, the single-mutant Pfdhfr (K540E) haplotype, and the mixed-mutant Pfdhfr-Pfdhps (S108N, N51I + K540E) haplotype. Other findings observed were, a rare non-synonymous Pfdhfr V45A mutation in four isolates, and a synonymous Pfdhps R449R in one isolate. Conclusions The mutant antifolate haplotypes observed indicate a likely existence of full SP resistance. Further studies can be carried out to estimate the prevalence of SP resistance. The wild-type artemisinin haplotypes observed suggest artemisinin is still an effective treatment. Continuous monitoring of point mutations associated with delayed parasite clearance in ART clinical studies is recommended.
TECHNOLOGY OF FORMING THE FUTURE PRIMARY SCHOOL TEACHERS’ PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES
Authors: Mitina Galina V.
Published: May 2024

Purpose. The requirements for training teachers for the general education system in the Russian Federation are defined by the Federal State Educational Standard for Higher Education in the field of "Pedagogical Education". The standard document defines universal and general professional competencies that are mandatory for all education (preschool, primary, basic general education and others). Professional competencies are defined on the basis of the professional standard "Teacher", specifically for each field and type of professional activity. The subject of the analysis is the search for an approach to forming the future primary school teachers' professional competencies. The main purpose of the article is to describe the technology of forming the future primary school teachers' professional competencies within a specific academic discipline.
Methods. The research is based on a regulatory documents review, psychological and pedagogical literature analysis, and educational process examination.
Results. The article presents the experience in organizing the study of a particular discipline. The discipline provides emotional and personal immersion of the future teachers into the professional activity and practical skills development. The author describes the ways to implement and apply effective teaching methods when organizing various types of classes in higher education institution.
Practical application of the results. The findings are of direct practical relevance as can be useful for organizing the educational process in higher educational institutions in terms of the successful completion of basic educational programs and programs of additional education (specifically, retraining).
LEVELS OF SITUATIONAL AND PERSONAL ANXIETY IN OLDER AGE GROUPS
Authors: Filimonova Lyudmila A. , Zgura Yulia A. , Baron Irina I. , Kusaev Viktor V. , Davydov Evgeny L. , Alekseev Igor A. , Yaskevich Roman A.
Published: May 2024

The prevalence of anxiety disorders in older age groups is becoming a significant burden on public health. Compared with other age groups, elderly people suffering from mental illness, especially with anxiety disorders, often remain without proper diagnosis and treatment. Underestimation of anxiety disorder and its insufficient therapy can create difficulties in correcting general medical problems and be a factor in the progression of somatic disease.
Purpose. To study age-related characteristics of levels of situational and personal anxiety in people of older age groups.
Materials and methods. The present study involved patients with arterial hypertension aged 45 to 90 years. A total of 535 patients were examined of which 266 people. we made up an elderly group and 103 people – a group of senile age. Using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) questionnaire designed for self-assessment of various levels of anxiety, the severity of personal and situational anxiety was assessed.
Results. The frequency of situational and personal anxiety varied in the range from 3.25% to 40.4% and was slightly lower in people of older age groups. Among men of older age groups, the frequency of increased and pronounced levels of personal anxiety was statistically significantly higher in comparison with women of the same age group. Both among women and among older men pronounced levels of situational anxiety were more common in comparison with persons of younger age groups.
Conclusion. In people of older age groups, the severity of levels of personal and situational anxiety depended on the age and gender of the subjects.
The Long and Winding Road to Self-Acceptance: An Appreciative Inquiry Personal Essay
Authors: Stratton-Berkessel Robyn
Published: May 2024

This personal essay is a revealing story of resilience, gratitude and the impactful role of Appreciative Inquiry in personal development.
Estimating a Function and Its Derivatives Under a Smoothness Condition
Authors: Lim Eunji
Published: May 2024

We consider the problem of estimating an unknown function [Formula: see text] and its partial derivatives from a noisy data set of n observations, where we make no assumptions about [Formula: see text] except that it is smooth in the sense that it has square integrable partial derivatives of order m. A natural candidate for the estimator of [Formula: see text] in such a case is the best fit to the data set that satisfies a certain smoothness condition. This estimator can be seen as a least squares estimator subject to an upper bound on some measure of smoothness. Another useful estimator is the one that minimizes the degree of smoothness subject to an upper bound on the average of squared errors. We prove that these two estimators are computable as solutions to quadratic programs, establish the consistency of these estimators and their partial derivatives, and study the convergence rate as [Formula: see text]. The effectiveness of the estimators is illustrated numerically in a setting where the value of a stock option and its second derivative are estimated as functions of the underlying stock price.
TEORIA CRIMINOLÓGICA E DOSIMETRIA DA PENA
Authors: Freitas Victor Américo Alves de , Silva Rodrigo Lima e
Published: May 2024

O presente paper teve como objetivo avaliar os discursos jurídicos das teorias da pena para verificar qual delas – ou se todas – são adotadas pelo Brasil e qual seria a razão de sua adoção. Em seguida, se pretendeu demonstrar o equívoco da adoção de uma teoria oficial da pena. Para essa tarefa, o artigo buscou trazer as principais teorias oficiais da pena e suas fundamentações jurídico-filosóficas, bem como os principais modelos teóricos críticos sobre as teorias oficiais. A revisão bibliográfica permite apresentar as críticas a essas teorias para, em seguida, apresentar a teoria negativa e a teoria materialista/dialética. Ambas têm como escopo diminuir as disfuncionalidades latentes que o sistema punitivo impõe aos marginalizados pelo poder punitivo normatizador. O tema tratado é, portanto, divergente na doutrina, mas é uníssono na jurisprudência, que adota a teoria criminológica oficial e utiliza a dosimetria da pena para legitimar o discurso da casta social mais abastada em detrimento daqueles que possuem fatores sociais negativos. Com isso, suas disfuncionalidades – altamente prejudiciais ao estado de direito e às garantias individuais no Estado democrático de Direito – criam um maior âmbito de incidência, fazendo com que o estado policial se sobreponha ao estado de direito.
Palavras-Chave: Teoria da Pena. Discurso crítico da teoria da pena. Teoria negativa. Teoria materialista/dialética. Poder punitivo.
DIREITO À PROTEÇÃO DE DADOS
Authors: Amaral Bahia Claudio José , Mattias Sartori Ellen Carina , Amarins Marcandeli Raíssa , Nunes Pereira Vanessa
Published: May 2024

O estudo, pelo método empírico e dedutivo, aborda a discussão havida em todas as esferas legislativas quanto à alçada da proteção de dados pessoais à condição de direito fundamental constitucionalmente protegido e os efeitos decorrentes no que tange à regulamentação interfacial no âmbito da internet. A pesquisa perpassa pela evolução do ordenamento jurídico quanto à internet, abordando o surgimento do Marco Civil da Internet, assim como da Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados, destacando os avanços de maior valia na questão regulatória. Trata, ainda, da EC nº 115/2022, evidenciando suas nuances e as buscas em relação às legislações anteriores como forma de dar vida à proteção dos dados pessoais, passando, então, a discorrer a diferenciação existente entre o direito à privacidade e à proteção dos dados pessoais, abarcando também estudo de casos sobre possíveis indenizações quanto o vazamento de tais dados e, desembocando, por fim, na discussão se a inserção da proteção de dados pessoais é de fato um novo direito fundamental ou tão somente uma reprodução de um direito já existente, momento em que se conclui pela inserção de uma nova proteção mais abrangente e segura quanto a todas as esferas de personalidade do indivíduo.
Palavras-chave: Proteção de Dados Pessoais. Direito Fundamental. Internet. Marco Civil. Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados.
DIREITO, ARTE E CINEMA
Authors: Vilk Simone , Correia Raique Lucas de Jesus , Gama Marta , Menezes José Euclimar Xavier de
Published: May 2024

O cinema é uma das formas mais populares de arte e entretenimento no mundo, tendo um grande impacto na cultura popular e na sociedade em geral. Por meio de suas narrativas e imagens, o cinema é capaz de sensibilizar o público e despertar reflexões sobre questões fundamentais do ser humano no contexto social, lançando luz sobre conflitos coletivos ou individuais que refletem a diversidade e complexidade das sociedades em seu processo histórico e multicultural. À vista disso, este artigo explora às possibilidades abertas pela experiência cinematográfica na produção de novas sensibilidades e práticas jurídicas, partindo da hipótese de que de que a imersão nas narrativas cinematográficas pode não apenas enriquecer o entendimento dos profissionais do direito sobre complexas questões éticas e sociais, mas também oferecer uma nova perspectiva crítica e sensível para abordar e repensar conceitos jurídicos tradicionais. Metodologicamente, optou-se por uma imersão cartográfica nos textos de Luis Alberto Warat sobre “cinesofia”, cotejando suas concepções com outras perspectivas e conceitos levantados durante a revisão bibliográfica de modo a corroborar ou refutar a hipótese estatuída. Para tanto, este percurso inicia-se com uma análise crítica acerca da criação das primeiras faculdades de direito no Brasil até o tempo presente, buscando compreender as raízes do pensamento jurídico brasileiro e, a partir disso, traçar novos horizontes. Em seguida, coteja-se a relação entre direito e arte, questionando as potencialidades teóricas e epistemológicas desse encontro. Após isso, propõe-se uma discussão sobre a função disruptiva e sensibilizadora do cinema a partir da perspectiva cinesófica waratiana. Por conseguinte, o artigo aborda o cinema como um dispositivo produtor de novas sensibilidades, destacando como as produções cinematográficas são capazes de retratar e refletir sobre questões sociais e históricas e, com isso, (re)interpretar a realidade a partir de outros cenários e enfoques. Finalmente, conclui-se, por um lado, atestando a potencialidade do cinema para a construção de novas sensibilidades e práticas jurídicas e, por outro, reconhecendo-se as infinitas possibilidades abertas por esse campo, pelo que mais do que indicar um caminho único ou mesmo instrumentalizar esse percurso, trata-se antes de perceber este espaço como algo sempre por fazer, aberto a novas narrativas, atores, sentidos, enfim, a todo um conjunto de sensibilidades que se reproduzem e se renovam a cada frame.
Palavras-chave: Cinesofia. Direito e Arte. Ensino Jurídico. Direito e Cinema. Sensibilidade Jurídica.