bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propolis and Its Implications in Dentistry: A Review
Authors: Esh Sushmita , Chatterjee Avik Narayan , De Budhaditya
Published: December 2021

Propolis is a resinous substance obtained from the beehives that has antioxidant, anti-bacterial, anti-viral, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activity. Its diverse chemical content is responsible for many valuable properties. Multiple applications of propolis have been studied and described in detail for centuries. Propolis has been used for surgical wound healing, caries prevention, treatment of dentin hypersensitivity, treatment of aphthous ulcers and propolis as a storage medium for avulsed teeth, root canal irrigating solution, and mouthwash. This paper aims to indicate the uses of Propolis in various fields of dentistry.

Keywords: Dentistry, Propolis, Oral health.
Role of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in Bell’s Palsy: A Case Study of Three Patients
Authors: Bharti Nasrin
Published: December 2021

Bell's palsy is an idiopathic, unilateral facial paralysis, caused by a malfunction anywhere along the facial nerve's peripheral portion, from the pons distally. Bell's palsy is treated by removing the cause of nerve injury, strengthening the face muscles, and restoring facial function. Physical therapy in the form of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), massage and facial exercises is used as adjuvant to hasten recovery. The aim of this study is to access of role of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) treatment in Bell’s palsy patients. A detailed neurological assessment of three patients was done with emphasis on facial muscles and severity of paralysis was graded according to House Brackmann scale (HBS). Conventional physiotherapy was given in the form of electrical stimulation, facial massage, exercises and functional re-education on a daily basis. Patients were assessed at weekly and 1months after the treatment. They experienced complete recovery within 1month follow-up, no recurrence was observed and all patients have normal facial movement. Physiotherapy in the form of NMES and facial exercises has a effective role in the early management of Bell’s palsy.

Keywords: Bell’s palsy; neuromuscular electrical stimulation; House Brackmann scale; physiotherapy.
Cartographie de la déforestation dans le département de l'Alibori (nord du Benin) grâce aux images satellitaires SPOT
Authors: Djaouga Mama , Arouna Ousséni , Zakari Soufouyane , Kouta Sébastien , Issifou Moumouni Yaya , Mertens Benoit , Toko Imorou Ismaïla , Thomas Omer
Published: December 2021

La déforestation et la dégradation de l’environnement ont évolué au gré des conditions naturelles et de l’action anthropique. Dans le Département de l’Alibori, la production cotonnière, l’élevage bovin essentiellement extensif et transhumant, l’exploitation forestière,  les influences climatiques sahéliennes et l’urbanisation sont autant de facteurs qui accélèrent la déforestation. L’objectif de la présente recherche est d’évaluer la déforestation dans le Département de l’Alibori à base de l’imagerie satellitaire. Les données planimétriques issues des images SPOT 5 et 7 de 2005 et de 2015 fournies par le Projet OSFACO ont été interprétées et analysées. La classification supervisée couplée à l’interprétation visuelle des images SPOT dans le logiciel QGIS 2.18 ont été utilisées. Le contrôle-terrain a été effectué à travers 852 points GPS. La précision moyenne des cartes d’occupation des terres est d’environ 96 %. Les résultats révèlent une régression des formations végétales naturelles au profit des mosaïques de champs et jachères. Les forêts galeries, les forêts denses sèches, les forêts claires et savanes boisées et les savanes arborées et arbustives ont été converties en mosaïques de champs et jachères et en agglomérations. Les terroirs villageois sont plus touchés par la déforestation que les aires protégées qui occupent près de 45 % de la superficie du Département. Le taux de déforestation sur l’ensemble du Département est de 2,84 %. Ce taux est de 3,71 % dans les terroirs villageois et de 0,72 % dans les aires protégées. Ainsi, 37,56 % de la superficie du Département est touchée par la déforestation dont plus de 51,27 % des terroirs villageois et 15,05 % des aires protégées. Par ailleurs, 2,66 % du département est touché par la dégradation, 1,40 % a été reconstitué naturellement et seulement 0,35 % a connu une amélioration. La restauration de ces zones dégradées s’avère nécessaire dans le Département de l’Alibori considéré comme le bassin cotonnier du Bénin.
Existence results for nonlinear problems with $\varphi$- Laplacian operators and nonlocal boundary conditions
Authors: Dallos Santos Dionicio Pastor
Published: December 2021

Using Leray-Schauder degree theory we study the existence of at least one solution for the boundary value problem of the type\[\left\{\begin{array}{lll}(\varphi(u' ))' = f(t,u,u') & & \\u'(0)=u(0), \ u'(T)= bu'(0), & & \quad \quad \end{array}\right.\] where $\varphi: \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ is a homeomorphism such that $\varphi(0)=0$, $f:\left[0, T\right]\times \mathbb{R} \times \mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R} $ is a continuous function, $T$ a positive real number, and $b$ some non zero real number.
A new optimal control technique for solution of HIV infection model
Authors: Najafi Malihe , Basirzadeh Hadi
Published: December 2021

In this paper, by means of the optimal control technique and power series technique,we introduce a new method, namely, the optimal control power series technique, bywhich one can obtain numerical solutions of the HIV infection model of CD4+T cells.The obtained approximate solution has shown good agreement with the experimentalresults and previous simulations using other methods.
Multifractal dimensions for projections of measures
Authors: Selmi Bilel
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we calculate the multifractal Hausdorff and packing dimensions of Borel probability measures and study their behaviors under orthogonal projections. In particular, we try through these results to improve the main result of M. Dai in \cite{D} about the multifractal analysis of a measure of multifractal exact dimension.
An inverse source problem for a two terms time-fractional diffusion equation
Authors: Dib Fatima , Kirane Mokhtar
Published: December 2021

In this paper, we consider an inverse problem for a linear heat equation involving two time-fractional derivatives, subject to a nonlocal boundary condition. We determine a source term independent of the space variable, and the temperature distribution with an over- determining function of integral type.
Analyzing the Link between Distributed Leadership and Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Beliefs at Secondary School Level
Authors: Hakim Ali  , Saba Akram  , Muhammad Hafeez
Published: December 2021

School head teachers can no longer lead their schools on your own; they are obligated to cooperate with their leadership team members. They assign various leadership functions to teachers and allow them to contribute in decision-making process. In this context, this correlational study was mainly intended to analyze secondary school teachers’ perceptions regarding various functions of distributed leadership and to find out their relative weight in terms of predicting secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Furthermore, the effect of three demographical variables (i.e., gender, experience, school sector) was also studied in predicting teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. A randomly selected sample of 1335 secondary school teachers completed self-report questionnaire comprising three parts i.e., demographic section, 23 item Distributed Leadership Inventory (Hulpia et al., 2009) and 10 item Teacher Self-efficacy Scale (Schwarzer et al.,1999). Results of descriptive analysis revealed that secondary school teachers perceived themselves as highly self-efficacious. Pearson correlation coefficient showed that all the independent variables related to distributed leadership i.e., support, supervision and coherent leadership team and dependent variable i.e., teacher self-efficacy were found to be substantially related with each other. Standard multiple regression analysis indicated that coherent leadership team variable was the strongest predictor of secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Results also suggested that coherence among leadership team affects secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs more positively in comparison with all the other independent variables. As regards demographical variables, school sector found to be a significant predictor of secondary school teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs. Finally, this study recommends that school leaders should work in cooperation with all the teachers with a clear view on school goals in a trustworthy and open environment avoiding any role conflicts.
Biện pháp xây dựng đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý các trường tiểu học huyện Lạc Dương, tỉnh Lâm Đồng
Authors: Phan Anh Hùng , Phùng Đình Mẫn
Published: December 2021

Giáo dục tiểu học là nền tảng của giáo dục phổ thông. Vì thế, việc xây dựng đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý giáo dục của bậc học này một cách khách quan, khoa học, phù hợp với điều kiện thực tế hiện nay trước bối cảnh, thời cơ và thách thức của giáo dục Việt Nam nói chung, của tỉnh Lâm Đồng và huyện Lạc Dương nói riêng từ nay đến năm 2020 là điều cấp thiết. Bài báo đề xuất 5 biện pháp xây dựng đội ngũ cán bộ quản lý các trường tiểu học của địa phương Lạc Dương góp phần thực hiện thành công đổi mới căn bản và toàn diện giáo dục nước ta hiện nay.
Cấu trúc nội dung văn bản quảng cáo của các trường đại học trong và ngoài nước
Authors: Võ Phan Thu Ngân
Published: December 2021

Bài viết này là để so sánh, đối chiếu cấu trúc thể loại được sử dụng trong những mẫu quảng cáo giới thiệu chung về các trường đại học ở nước Anh và Việt Nam thông qua 20 mẫu quảng cáo dưới dạng chào mừng, giới thiệu, tổng quan hay thư của lãnh đạo trường. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy những khác biệt trong cấu trúc thể loại và chiến lược quảng cáo của hai nhóm đối tượng. Qua đó đề xuất những giải pháp để các trường đại học và tổ chức giáo dục xây dựng văn bản quảng cáo phục vụ đối tượng mục tiêu của họ.
Quản lý khoa học và công nghệ ở trường đại học
Authors: Nguyễn Hữu Gọn
Published: December 2021

Đảng và Nhà nước ta đã khẳng định “Khoa học và công nghệ là quốc sách hàng đầu, giữ vai trò then chốt trong sự nghiệp xây dựng và bảo vệ Tổ quốc, là nền tảng và động lực cho công nghiệp hoá, hiện đại hoá, phát triển nhanh, bền vững đất nước”, Nghiên cứu khoa học có tầm quan trọng đặc biệt trong giáo dục đại học vì không những góp phần nâng cao chất lượng đào tạo mà còn tạo ra những tri thức mới, sản phẩm mới phục vụ cho sự phát triển của nhân loại. Với tầm quan trọng như vậy, chúng tôi đã nghiên cứu nêu lên sự cần thiết phải quản lý hoạt động khoa học và công nghệ ở trường đại học và đề xuất một số biện pháp tổ chức thực hiện nhiệm vụ khoa học và công nghệ ở trường đại học ngày càng hiệu quả hơn.
Radiological Correlates of pT3a Kidney Cancer: Importance of Irregular Tumor Sinus Border
Authors: Ye Yunlin , Palacios Diego Aguilar , Campbell Rebecca , Rizk Alain , Tanaka Hajime , Munoz-Lopez Carlos , Abramczyk Emily , Roversi Gustavo , Li Jianbo , Weight Christopher , Abouassaly Robert , Remer Erick , Campbell Steven
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Preoperative assessment of T3a renal-cell-carcinoma (RCC) in absence of main renal vein involvement or lymph node enlargement is challenging but has potential implications for counseling and prognosis. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 1129 cT1-T3aN0M0 RCC patients managed with partial/radical nephrectomy (PN/RN) in our institution (2012-2014) was performed. Exclusion criteria included radiological evidence of main renal vein involvement or substantial lymphadenopathy. Eleven radiological findings suggestive of aggressive tumor biology or invasive phenotype based on prior literature were assessed for correlation with pT3a status. These included perinephric-findings (stranding, enhancing-nodule, collateral-vessels, or irregular-perinephric-tumor-contour), findings within the sinus (stranding, collecting-system invasion, branch-vein enlargement, or irregular-tumor-sinus-border [ITSB]), and tumor-necrosis, infiltrative-features, and tumor-size. Radiological assessment was blinded to final pathology. Sensitivity/specificity and logistic-regression analyses assessed the performance of each imaging-finding for detecting pT3a tumors. Results: Median tumor-size was 4.0cm and R.E.N.A.L. was 8. Median follow-up was 53 months (IQR:28-64). pT3a tumors were found in 281 patients (25%) and strongly correlated with local and systemic recurrence (p<0.02). ITSB was found in 350 patients (31%) and was the strongest predictor of pT3a status. Sensitivity/specificity/PPV/NPV/OR/C-Index for ITSB were 75%/84%/61%/91%/15.8(11.4-21.9)/0.80, for correlation with pT3a, respectively. The best predictive model included ITSB(yes/no) and tumor-size as a continuous variable (C-index=0.84). Addition of other imaging-findings did not improve the model (C-index=0.84). ITSB was the strongest contributor in all multivariable-models and also strongly correlated with recurrence-free-survival. Inter/intra-observer correlations for assessment of ITSB were 0.89/0.98, respectively. Conclusions: Our data suggest that ITSB and tumor-size associate with pT3a RCC, which could impact patient counseling.
Cultivating Powerful Participation: Reflections from a food justice and facilitation learning experience
Authors: Bain Jamie , Harden Noelle , Nordrum Shirley , Olive Ren
Published: December 2021

In the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and heightened awareness of systemic racism this past year, food systems practitioners are increasingly turning their attention toward the intersections of racial equity and the good food movement. Un­packing the racist history of the food system is a key step in this journey toward food justice, one that must be followed by intentional action bridg­ing diverse perspectives through skilled facilitation. Through a project called Cultivating Powerful Par­ticipation, the University of Minnesota Extension and food justice practitioners across Minnesota are working together to equip leaders with the neces­sary relationships, skills, and tools to cultivate a vision of food justice. In this reflective essay, we draw on our experiences leading this initiative to demonstrate the power and impact of approaching food justice through an action-oriented framework that equips community food justice leaders to become seasoned facilitators. Using themes and evaluation data from our program, we share prom­ising practices and specific facilitation methods that others can adapt to embrace a justice orientation in their work.
Big data, information asymmetry, and food supply chain management for resilience
Authors: Miller Michelle
Published: December 2021

The Biden Administration is reviewing supply chains as part of its response to recent supply chain failures during COVID-19, and anticipated disrup­tions associated with climate change. This policy analysis discusses supply chain management, that is, the monitoring and continual improvement of materials flow and information flow to better manage risk. We are in an era of proprietary big data and digitized applications to make sense of it. Healthy food systems require policy to address unequal access to food systems data and informa­tion that occurs between businesses as well as between private businesses and government. Managing risk to a nation’s overall food system is an important government function that includes setting fair market rules and ensuring open infor­mation exchange in food supply chains. In this way, our government ensures equitable food and market access as new technologies and disruptions arise. This paper reviews these concepts consider­ing current policy actions of the Biden Administration.
Engagement de la direction générale et climat de travail
Authors: Babei Jean , Paché Gilles
Published: December 2021

L’activité de soins dans les hôpitaux génère d’importantes quantités de déchets, en général dangereux pour les personnels qui les manipulent, pour le public et pour l’environnement. L’article met en évidence deux leviers de la maîtrise des accidents liés à la rétro-logistique lors de la manipulation des déchets médicaux hospitaliers. Une étude a été conduite dans le contexte africain afin d’en apprécier l’impact. Les données ont été collectées auprès des principaux acteurs de la chaîne logistique d’évacuation des déchets (agents de surface assurant le tri et la collecte). Les résultats indiquent que le climat de travail a un effet significatif sur la maîtrise des accidents, mais aussi sur la relation entre l’engagement de la direction générale et la maîtrise des accidents.
“The Raven”
Authors: Lewis Paul
Published: December 2021

An examination of all eighteen of the poems that imitated “The Raven” known to have been published during Poe's lifetime suggests that, though all of them are grounded in “The Raven,” the grounding is varied and overlapping, ranging from commercial applications; to political satire; to praise or criticism of Poe himself as a person, author, editor, or book reviewer; to more upbeat dramatizations of mourning and the afterlife; to more and less gentle parodies of the poem. Attending to these differences provides insights into the impact of Poe's famous poem as both a literary work and a meditation on death, loss, and mourning. Also—in part because Poe paid attention to some of these poems as they came out, especially to ones published in 1845—looking at them sheds new light on biographical details, including Poe's contemporaneous reputation, willingness to consider alternative ideas, beliefs about racial bias, and engagement with the Boston literary establishment.
Jewish Economic Ethics in the Neoliberal Era, 1980–2016
Authors: Brody Samuel Hayim
Published: December 2021

This essay surveys the emergence, over the last four decades, of a distinct genre of Jewish ethical writing about economics and speculates that its sunset may have already occurred. Unlike much previous Jewish economic writing, which was often brief, scattered, or secular in orientation, this genre consists of book-length works that reach deeply into Jewish sources to ground their interpretations and constructive recommendations. However, this strategy creates new problems and tensions: philosophical tension with halakhic literature, which prefers case law to political-economic theory; political tension within the genre, between the conservative subgenre of business ethics and its progressive counterpart, social justice literature; and methodological tension between normative, constructive exegesis and historical criticism. Welcoming the increased attention to economy among constructive Jewish ethicists and theologians, the essay nonetheless offers methodological critique, arguing that the necessary incorporation of political economy and history should transform the genre for the future.
Evaluation of spatio-temporal parameters of the non-paretic limb in the gait performance of post stroke patients
Authors: Serraglio Rodrigo Andreola , Pauleto Ana Carolina , Oliveira Guilherme Augusto de
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study is to evaluate the compensation of the non-paretic side in the gait of post-stroke hemiparetic patients submitted to computerized gait analysis in the Centro Hospitalar de Reabilitação Ana Carolina Moura Xavier, Curitiba - PR, in a study carried out in 2015. Spatio-temporal data were evaluated: speed, stride and step length, swing time and support of both members. The sample consisted of twenty individuals with a mean time after stroke of 6.9 months. The results showed that the median speed was equivalent to 16.17% of the normal standard value, stride length to 31.22%, step length of the non-paretic limb to 31.69%. The swing time on the nonparetic side corresponded to 35% of the total cycle and the support time corresponded to 86%. There is a favoring of the paretic limb over the non-paretic one, as a compensation mechanism for weakness and impaired balance. Thus, the non-paretic limb spends more time in the support phase to allow a longer step length of the paretic limb while in swing. In contrast, the paretic limb is unable to support the body in the support phase for a long time, reducing the step length of the non-paretic limb. The significant reduction in gait speed indicates the high level of functional dependence in these patients. If there is an opportunity to act early in the rehabilitation of post-stroke patients, still in the acute phase, it is possible to quantify the improvement in the ability to walk.
Periorbital nociception in a progressive multiple sclerosis mouse model is dependent on TRPA1 channel activation
Authors: Dalenogare Diéssica Padilha , Peres Diulle Spat , Fialho Maria Fernanda Pessano , Santos Gabriela Trevisan dos
Published: December 2021

Background: Headache is one of the main painful symptoms described by multiple sclerosis patients. Previously, it was described that neuropathic pain-like behaviors were dependent on transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) activation in a progressive multiple sclerosis model induced by experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (PMS- EAE) in mice. Objective: Here, we aimed to investigate if periorbital mechanical allodynia induced by PMS-EAE was also related to TRPA1 activation. Design and setting: Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Methods: To induce a PMS-EAE we used female C57BL/6 wild-type and TRPA1- deficient (Trpa1-/-) mice. By the von Frey test, periorbital mechanical allodynia development was observed, and the nociception peak occurred 14 days after induction. At nociception peak day, the mice were treated with sumatriptan, TRPA1 antagonists (HC-030031, A-967079, metamizole, and propyphenazone. Results: The development of mechanical allodynia was showed as well as the antinociceptive effects for all treatments in induced mice. A significant reduction of TRPA1 expression was detected. Conclusion: Thus, these results suggest that headache-like symptoms induced by the PMS-EAE mouse model might occurring by TRPA1 activation.
Case Report: Creutzfeld- Jakob disease, onset with ataxia and absence of dementia
Authors: Bertoldi Lucas de Oliveira Pinto , Cassarotti Beatriz , Souza Isabela Silva , Barbosa Alana Strucker , Branco Eduardo Silveira Marques , Fernandes Isabela Badan , Nakazato Paula Carolina Grande , Cavasana Gabriel Flamarin , Nakano Bruno Eji , Santos Carla Ferreira dos , Oliveira Stella Kawano de , Neves Nely Regina Sartori , Pereira Fabio de Araujo , Melges Natalia Samadello , Stefano Luiz Henrique , Melges Luiz Domingos Mendes
Published: December 2021

Context: Creutzfeld Jakob disease, a rare prion disease that leads to rapidly progressive dementia and movement disorders, through its pathophysiology will determine brain damage. Regardless of the cause, the course of the disease will be rapid and will invariably lead to death. Objective: The reason why the case is described is due to the low incidence of this disease and its unusual course in the case described. Case report: A 67-year-old male, had a personal history of smoking and obesity . Referred to our service due to sudden ataxia, in the presence of an unchanged MRI scan. The first sympton started when he woke up with a dizzying and inability to walk due to imbalance. In the initial assessment, the patient had appendicular ataxia in all 4 limbs, with an examination of his mental status without changes. New head MRI exam showing alterations compatible with CJD. Interned with hipotheses diagnoses of Wilson’s disease, encephalitis or CJD, he developed abdominal distension with surgical need and immediately after the procedure he already presented a comatose, spastic, and myoclonic condition compatible with the final phase of CJD, later protein 14-3-3 was found in the CSF. Conclusions: CJD, usually presents with rapidly progressive cognitive deficit associated with movement disorder. In the case presented, initially there was no change in cognition and after an urgent surgical procedure, there was an important advance in a shorter than expected period for the disease.
Effects of robotic therapy associated with non-invasive brain stimulation on upper limb rehabilitation after stroke: systematic review and metaanalysis of randomized clinical trials
Authors: Reis Suzana Bleckmann , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Oshiro Carlos Andre , Krebs Hermano Igo , Conforto Adriana Bastos
Published: December 2021

Background: Robot-assisted therapy and non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) are promising strategies for stroke rehabilitation. Objective: This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the evidence of NIBS as an add-on intervention to robotic therapy in order to improve outcomes of upper limb motor impairment or activity in subjects with stroke. Methods: This study was performed according to the PRISMA Protocol and was previously registered on the PROSPERO Platform (CRD42017054563 - https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=54563). Seven databases and grey literature were systematically searched by two reviewers, and 1176 registers were accessed. Eight randomized clinical trials with outcome measures of upper limb body structure/ function or activity limitation were included. Subgroup analyses were performed according to: phase post- stroke; device characteristics (i.e. arm support, joints involved, unimanual or bimanual training); NIBS paradigm; timing of stimulation and number of sessions. The Grade-Pro Software was used to assess quality of the evidence. Results: A nonsignificant homogeneous summary effect size was found both for body structure function domain (mean difference 0.15, 95% CI -3.10 to 3.40; P = 0.93, I² = 0%) and activity limitation domain (standard mean difference 0.03, 95% CI -0.28 to 0.33; P = 0.87, I² = 0%). Conclusions: According to this systematic review and meta-analysis, there is a lack of evidence that NIBS, as an add-on intervention to RT, improves outcomes of upper limb motor impairments or activity in subjects with stroke.
‘Survival of the fittest’? Perceptions of wellbeing at The Bar of Northern Ireland
Authors: Graffin Neil , Jones Emma
Published: December 2021

This article, based on a qualitative study conducted in June–July 2019, assesses how barristers at the Bar of Northern Ireland perceive wellbeing and mental ill-health within their profession. It will argue that the Bar can be a competitive and potentially hostile workplace environment, leading to detrimental impacts on wellbeing. It will also contend that being a barrister in Northern Ireland provides its own unique challenges for practitioners due to the self-employed independent nature of the role, where practitioners do not work in chambers or stables like their counterparts in England & Wales and Scotland. At the same time, barristers spoke positively about the flexibility of their roles and beneficial forms of collegiality, as well as an evolving culture which places greater emphasis on wellbeing. This article will argue, using the ‘job demands and resources’ model, that efforts should be made to decrease job demands and increase the job resources of barristers of the Bar of Northern Ireland to improve levels of wellbeing. This model could also be applied to the Bar in other jurisdictions to assess the impact of both shared and unique challenges and opportunities.
Surrogacy and public policy
Authors: O’Callaghan Elaine
Published: December 2021

The Supreme Court in the United Kingdom has held that it is not contrary to public policy to award damages in tort to fund a commercial surrogacy in another jurisdiction where this is lawful. This significant decision, in the case of Whittington Hospital NHS Trust v XX [2020] UKSC 14, will potentially have an impact on the regulation and reform of surrogacy law in the United Kingdom, Ireland and internationally. The judgment delivered by Lady Hale draws attention to multiple inconsistencies in the law, and it highlights, in particular, the need for effective regulation of domestic surrogacy. Legislators face an important and imminent challenge to reconcile the reality of commercial surrogacy with a deficient legal framework. This article seeks to highlight some of the important issues which this case has raised when considering regulation and reform of surrogacy law.
Metodologias para Quantificação de Microplásticos nas Águas do rio Cubatão do Sul, Palhoça - Santa Catarina
Authors: Carvalho Karla , Widmer Walter , Lira Claudia
Published: December 2021

Com o aumento da produção de plástico no mundo, a disposição deste resíduo tem sido amplamente discutida e é um dos problemas mais desafiadores do século.O uso versátil, diversificado e a produção mundial crescente fazem com que os materiais plásticos sejam largamente utilizados nos diversos segmentos. Estes materiais podem se degradar em partículas menores originando os microplásticos, onde sua disposição final indevida pode contaminar a biota dos ecossistemas. Este estudo teve como objetivo definir metodologias mais adequadas para detectar microplásticos em amostras de águas superficiais, a fim de diagnosticar a presença de microplásticos no Rio Cubatão do Sul em Palhoça. Foi realizada uma revisão de literatura das metodologias utilizadas para águas , visando definir a metodologia para este trabalho. Através desta revisão bibliográfica definiu-se adotar uma metodologia adaptada, sendo proposto um procedimento de coletas, preparação e separação de amostras, quantificação e caracterização de amostras. Não há regulamentação exigindo o monitoramento destes contaminantes, porém são extremamente necessários novos estudos que possibilitem quantificar os níveis de contaminação em nossos ambientes aquáticos. Espera-se alcançar resultados eficientes e significativos que possam contribuir com a quantificação e redução dessa forma de poluição.
New perspective of film tourism: a comparative study (2014-2020)
Authors: Domínguez Azcue Janire , Almeida García Fernando , Pérez Tapia Gema , Mercadé Melé Pere
Published: December 2021

This study aims to reflect the strong dynamism of the audiovisual world and film tourism. For this purpose, a comparative analysis is carried out between 2014 and 2020, the latter date being affected by the pandemic caused by Covid-19. This study is based on 888 surveys between the mentioned two years, distributed mainly among respondents from Europe and the United States.  The results of the research indicate that there are no changes concerning the knowledge of the film tourism term, but differences are observed in the study period regarding the activities linked to this type of tourism, as well as to motivations and travel intentions driven by films or series. Lastly, changes in the popularity or knowledge of film destinations were observed during the study period. The findings of this research are particularly useful for destination managers.
Akıllı Konut Uygulaması
Authors: AKÇAY Muammer , CANBAZ Mehmet , DİŞ Muhammet Ömer
Published: December 2021

Otomasyon sistemleri günümüzde sadece endüstriyel uygulamalarla kısıtlanmayıp, akıllı binalar bilim ve teknolojinin ilerlemesiyle en önemli otomasyon konularından biri olmuştur. Binalarda iklimlendirme (Isıtma ve soğutma), aydınlatmaya ve su tüketimine büyük enerji harcanır. Dünyada giderek artan çevre sorunları ve tükenen doğal kaynaklar dolayısı ile enerji tüketimine dikkat edilmesi gereken konulardandır. Dünyadaki enerjinin % 30-40’ı binalarda kullanılmaktadır. Özellikle tükenmekte olan enerjiyi yenilenebilir hale dönüştürmek ve minimum şekilde kullanmak için akıllı binalar büyük bir fırsat sunmaktadır. Sürdürülebilir kentler kavramı otomasyon sistemleri ile iç içe geçen bir konu olmuştur. Sürdürülebilirlik çerçevesinde akıllı bina uygulamaları, mimari tasarım parametreleriyle, mekanik, elektrik, elektronik, bilgisayar ve bilişim sistemleriyle ilişkilidir. Bina içerisindeki sıcaklığın istenilen düzeyde tutulması insanların konfordan beklentilerini karşılarken, aynı zamanda etkin enerji kullanımını da sağlayan otomasyon uygulamalarının güzel örneklerinden birisidir. Enerji tüketimine yönelik olarak su tüketimi, aydınlatma ve güvenlik uygulamaları da akıllı binalar kapsamında ülkemizde son zamanlarda yer almaktadır. Bu uygulamalar bireylerin refahı ve çevreye duyarlılığını desteklemektedir. Sürdürülebilir şehircilik kapsamında bu uygulamaların artarak devam etmesi beklenmektedir. Bu çalışmada akıllı ev sisteminin bir modeli oluşturulmuştur. Mobil ara yüzü ile etkileşim sağlanmıştır.
Obrazovanje u zatvoru: od prava do realizacije
Authors: Knežić Branislava , Savić Maja
Published: December 2021

Increasing number of returnees, congestion of prisons and bad conditions in prisons do not indicate that the society is coping with delinquency in best possible way. Since 1980s in most western countries and in our country also the concpet of social rehabilitation is being criticised for not bringing a drop in the crime rate or recidivsm. Problem which societies are facing is how to prepare prisoners, while they still serve a sentence, for inegration into society once they have left prison. To achieve this goal education can play a very important role. In this article we will treat different aspects of prison education: how it is regulated by the state and what is its purpose, what is the current situation in our and other countries for prisoners to embrace their right to education, what are the obstacles for education in prisons. On of the main preconditions for imlementation and success of education programmes in prisons is the motivation of inmates to participate. We will show one part of the study conducted in two correctional facilities (Požarevac and Sremaska Mitrovica) on motivation of prisoners for education and their educational needs.
Desempenho em processamento fonológico de escolares na alfabetização
Authors: Silva Cláudia
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: Caracterizar e comparar o desempenho em habilidades de processamento fonológico de escolares na alfabetização. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 40 escolares, do 1º ano do ensino fundamental, divididos em: Grupo I (GI): 20 escolares sem dificuldades na alfabetização, e Grupo II (GII): 20 escolares com dificuldades na alfabetização. Para a avaliação foram utilizadas provas do processamento auditivo, consciência fonológica e nomeação automática rápida. Resultados: Na comparação dos desempenhos, os escolares de GII apresentaram média inferior a GI. Na análise da mediana ambos os grupos apresentaram desempenho similar, mas GII persiste com desempenho inferior a GI. Conclusão: Os escolares com dificuldades na alfabetização apresentam desempenho deficitário em provas que avaliam o processamento fonológico, quando comparados aos escolares sem dificuldades. O baixo desempenho nessas habilidades identificado na alfabetização, possibilita a realização de estratégias de intervenção que potencializem a aprendizagem, minimizando o fracasso escolar.
Performance and blood lipide profile of cockerel aged 0-7 weeks that were given sambiloto leaf water extract (Andrographis paniculata ness) through drinking water
Authors: Gunawijaya Gusti Putu , Nuriyasa I Made , Siti Ni Wayan
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of adding water extract of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness) to drinking water on the performance and blood lipids profilem of cockerel  aged 0-7 weeks. This study was conducted in the village of Cepaka, Kediri, Tabanan, Bali. Using A total of 200 birds of aged 1 day old chick laying hens males.. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications so that there were 20 units, each replicate using 10 chickens. The treatments were: (A) Drinking water without the addition of extract sambiloto leaf water, (B) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 2 ml/l , (C) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 4 ml/l and (D) drinking water with the addition of sambiloto leaf water extract 6 ml/L The variables observed in this study were performance, carcass, blood lipid profile, digestive tract microbes and economic aspec. The results showed that the administration of sambiloto  leaf water extract not significantly different (P>0.05) on ration consumption, drinking water consumption, final body weight, FCR, blood lipid profile, total coliform and E.coly and significantly different (P<0.05) on carcass percentage, carcass composition.
Constructing uncountably many groups with the same profinite completion
Authors: Nikolov Nikolay , Segal Dan
Published: December 2021

Two constructions are described: one gives soluble groups of derived length 4, the other uses groups acting on a rooted tree.
Laboratory-Based Bacterial Weathering of the Merensky Reef and Its Impact on Platinum Group Mineral Migration
Authors: Tan Ling , Jones Thomas , Xie Jianping , Liu Xinxing , Southam Gordon
Published: December 2021

Weathering of the Merensky reef was enhanced under laboratory conditions by Fe- and S-oxidizing bacteria: Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans. These bacteria preferentially colonized pyrrhotite and pyrite, versus pentlandite and chalcopyrite (all of which were common within the rock substrate), promoting weathering. Weathering of base metal sulfides resulted in the precipitation of Fe oxides, Fe phosphate, and elemental sulfur as secondary minerals. Fe pyroxene weathered readily under acidic conditions and resulted in mineral dissolution, while other silicates (orthopyroxene and plagio-clase) precipitated Fe phosphate spherules or coatings on their surface. The deterioration of the platinum group metal (PGM) matrix (base metal sulfides and silicates) and the occurrence of a platinum grain associated with platinum nanoparticles observed in the biotic thin sections demonstrate that biogeochemical acid weathering is an important step in the active release of intact PGM grains. A platinum grain embedded in secondary Fe oxides/phosphate that had settled by gravity within the weathering solution demonstrates that secondary minerals that formed during weathering of PGM-hosting minerals also represent targets in PGM exploration by trapping and potentially slowing PGM migration. Dispersion halos surrounding or occurring downstream from PGM occurrences will likely produce two physical target classes—i.e., grains and colloids—under surficial weathering conditions.
MICROEVOLUTION OF DESULFOVIBRIO VULGARIS CO-CULTURED WITH METHANOSARCINA BARKERI REVEALED BY GENOME RE-SEQUENCING AND SINGLE-CELL RT-QPCR ANALYSIS
Authors: Qi Zhenhua , Song Xynyu , Chen Zixi
Published: December 2021

An integrative approach of adaptive laboratory evolution, whole-genome sequencing and single-cell analysis was used to explore mechanisms related to establishment and maintenance of syntrophic interaction between sulfate-reducing Desulfovibrio vulgaris and methanogen Methanosarcina barkeri. Adaptive laboratory evolution of the D. vulgaris and M. barkeri dual-cultures under two different concentrations of electron donor lactate (38 mM and 50 mM) was conducted by propagating continuously for 50 transfers (~200 generations). Physiological analysis showed that, compared with the initial dual-cultures, the adapted dual-cultures (E38 and E50) have increased growth rates (1.1-fold and 1.2 -fold) and higher biomass yields (3.0-fold and 3.8-fold) on 38 mM and 50 mM lactate, respectively. Whole-genome re-sequencing of D. vulgaris in the adapted dual-cultures revealed 11 and 12 mutations in the D. vulgaris genomes of E38 and E50 dual-cultures, respectively, among which 4 mutations were found in both adapted dual-cultures. RT-qPCR analysis showed that the expression levels of 8 mutated genes were gradually up-regulated in D. vulgaris along with the evolution process. In addition, their heterogeneity was found decreased along with the evolution, as revealed by single-cell RT-qPCR analysis, reflecting adjustments of both gene expression and gene heterogeneity to the gradually established syntrophic relationship.
INSIGHTS INTO THE VIRULENCE FACTORS OF ACINETOBACTER BAUMANNII AND THEIR ROLES IN PERSISTENCE AND INFECTIOUS PROCESS
Authors: Haitham Al Shaikhli Nawfal , Gheorghe Irina , Gheorghe Andreea
Published: December 2021

Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative opportunistic pathogen, which is responsible for a significant and ever-increasing number of health care associated severe infections (such as pneumonia, sepsis, meningitis, wound and urinary tract infections), mainly in severely ill patients. With only a limited number of “traditional” virulence factors, the mechanisms underlying the success of this opportunistic and nosocomial pathogen remain of great interest. With the advent of whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis, some virulence features, including motility, iron-acquisition systems, biofilm development, capsule production, porins, and enzymes, among others have been described. The main purpose of this minireview was to present an update on the main virulence markers of A. baumannii strains and their role in the persistence, infection process and modulation of host immune response.
Research on Target Tracking Algorithm of Twin Networks Integrating Attention Mechanism
Authors: Yeerlanbieke Relizha , Wang Huazhang
Published: December 2021

Aiming at the current stage of the twin network target tracking algorithm, the tracking target is occluded, the tracking is affected by illumination, and the target's scale change from far to near or from near to far causes tracking failure. This article will optimize and improve from two directions. The twin neural network first uses an adaptive detailed feature extraction, adds a residual network to the twin network, and embeds a detailed feature retention module in each layer, amplifies the changes in the target feature, and retains the important structure of the original target feature Details: Secondly, the introduction of a spatial attention mechanism allows the main branch to pay more attention to the area to be matched, improves the ability to distinguish features, and makes the tracking effect better. In order to verify the effectiveness of this experiment, this experiment was tested on the data set OTB2015. The experiment proved that the proposed algorithm performs better in accuracy and success rate.
Musical Improvisational Interactions in the Digital Era
Authors: Bertinetto Alessandro
Published: December 2021

This paper considers the issue of musical improvisational interactions in the digital era by pursuing the following three steps. 1) I will raise the question of the meaning and value of liveness, and in particular of live musical improvisation, in the age of the internet and discuss some effects of the so-called digital revolution on improvisation practices. 2) Then I will suggest that the interactions made possible by the web can be understood as kinds of live improvisational practices and I will briefly outline how such practices also involve musical improvisation. 3) Finally, I will focus on some aesthetic and philosophical aspects of new kinds of live improvisation made possible by recent progress in artificial intelligence research.
Análisis jurisprudencial de la suspensión condicional del proceso penal
Authors: García Vargas Atanacio Jesús
Published: December 2021

La Suspensión Condicional del Proceso, es un procedimiento que tiene sus bondades y requisitos específicos, contemplados en nuestras normas adjetivas, visualizando condiciones que de alguna forma buscan un resarcimiento a la víctima, ya sea de manera psicológica, económica cumpliendo con el objetivo de resocialización e integración social.
El derecho registral y la importancia de su estudio permanente.
Authors: Solís Sánchez Joaquín Agustín
Published: December 2021

El derecho registral panameño posee una vasta historia desde inicio de la República. Ha transitado por diversas etapas en su operatividad. Desde el sistema de inscripción por extracto, el cual consiste en hacer constar un extracto del título presentado al Registro, hasta su moderno Sistema Electrónico de Inscripción Registral. En ese devenir histórico, el desarrollo de sus fuentes también ha evolucionado de manera permanente. Todo este cambio es necesario con el objeto de adaptar nuestro sistema registral a las exigencias de un mundo cada día más cambiante y globalizado. Sin embargo, ese desarrollo exige que se creen las plataformas y las estructuras necesarias, para una mejor comprensión de una rama del derecho que forma parte de nuestra vida cotidiana. Por esta razón, consideramos que el estudio permanente del derecho registral, pero de manera organizada es fundamental en nuestra sociedad. Para lo cual, consideramos oportuno la creación de un Instituto de Derecho Registral o una comisión permanente de índole estatal que sistematice toda la información producida por las distintas fuentes del derecho registral, a efectos, que su estudio y comprensión sea mejor y esté disponible para cualquiera que desee conocer acerca de la presente materia.
The Child is the Betel Tray: Making Law and Love in Ayutthaya Siam
Authors: Baker Chris , Phongpaichit Pasuk
Published: December 2021

This article investigates the process of making and applying law in Ayutthaya Siam through a close reading of one text from the Three Seals Code, the Law on Husband and Wife. Rather than a piece of legislation from a certain date, this law is an archive of judgements and decrees accumulated over a long period. The constituent clauses do not lay down rules but give examples of disputes and advice on solving them. The courts’ main role was to foster conciliation. The law seems to have been applied mainly to commoners. Many clauses have unusual features—editorial, graphic portrayal, poetic phrasing, word-play, homily—which suggest they had public use beyond a courtroom. The conclusion offers a speculative history of this law in the Ayutthaya era.
Towards Deeper Judicialisation: Explaining Thailand’s Increasing Engagement with International Adjudication
Authors: Saengkrai Phil
Published: December 2021

This paper calls attention to a little-noticed phenomenon about the Thai government’s increasing involvement in international adjudication over the last two decades. For the first time, it has participated in the advisory proceedings before the ITLOS, and made oral statements in the advisory proceedings before the ICJ. It has faced the first treaty-based arbitration by a German investor. There has also been an attempt to initiate the proceedings at the International Criminal Court against Thai officials. All of these parallel the government’s extensive participation in the dispute settlement mechanism of the WTO. What accounts for such developments? The paper argues that Thailand’s constantly increasing engagement with international adjudication should be understood as part of the judicialisation of international relations. Specifically, it is shaped by four main conditions. First, the Thai government has cautiously yet constantly expanded its acceptance of jurisdiction of courts and tribunals. Second, the number of potential claimants has exponentially increased. Third, the composition of the international litigator communities has changed, resulting in the significant increase in the number of lawyers willing to pursue new cases. Fourth, Thai government officials are learning to strategically make themselves more visible in the litigator communities.
Thailand’s Law on Criminal Online Falsehoods: A Critical Discussion
Authors: Schuldt Lasse , Ovattananavakhun Pudit
Published: December 2021

This article critically discusses the Thai criminal law applicable to online falsehoods, namely Section 14 para. 1(1) and (2) of the Act on Computer-Related Offences. Linking developments in Thailand to global and Southeast Asian fake news discourses, the article’s main part sheds light on several interpretational and constitutional complexities. Conflicting concepts of falsity and an uncertain ambit of protected interests are found to persist despite legislative amendments. As the right to freedom of expression in principle also protects false factual statements, recent constitutional jurisprudence on the principle of proportionality is applied to evaluate the prescribed level of criminal punishment. The article provides an in-depth analysis that contributes to the evolving scholarship on the challenges of regulatory responses to fake news.