bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Tingkat Kepuasan Klien Terhadap Perilaku Caring Perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang Tahun 2002
Authors: Anjaswarni Tri , Keliat Budi Anna , Sabri Luknis
Published: May 2019

Keperawatan adalah ujung tombak pelayanan kesehatan di rumah sakit yang menjadi salah satu indikator mutu pelayanan kesehatan dan berperan dalam menentukan kepuasan klien. Bentuk pelayanan keperawatan yang penting adalah terlihatnya perilaku caring perawat yang merupakan inti atau fokus dari praktek keperawatan professional. Perilaku ini yang harus dapat diterima dan dirasakan oleh klien. Sehubungan dengan hal tersebut maka evaluasi kepuasan klien khususnya yang berhubungan dengan perilaku caring perawat perlu dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kepuasan klien terhadap perilaku caring perawat di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah (RSUD) Dr. Saiful Anwar Malang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata pencapaian tingkat kepuasan klien terhadap perilaku caring perawat adalah 82,5%, dan dengan menggunakan mean sebagai cut off point diketahui bahwa 53,6% klien kepuasannya di atas rata-rata, dan tingkat kepuasan tersebut berhubungan secara signifikan dengan jumlah dirawat dan tingkat pendidikan klien. Nursing care is a frontline of health care services at the hospital that influence the client’s satisfaction level as an indicator of quality. Attention should be given to nurses caring behavior as a focus of professional nursing practice. This behavior should be accepted and felt by the clients. So it was necessary to evaluate client’s satisfaction related to nurse’s caring behavior. The purpose of the study was to identify the client’s satisfaction level toward nurse’s behavior in the general hospital Dr. Saiful Anwar in Malang. The result of the study showed that the mean of client’s satisfaction level to nurse’s caring behavior was 82.5 percent. If we used mean as cut off point, there were 53.6 percent clients have the satisfaction above mean. The level of this satisfaction has significant correlation with the number of admission to the hospital and client’s education.
MENGENAL ANALISIS KETAHANAN (SURVIVAL ANALYSIS)
Authors: Gayatri Dewi
Published: May 2019

AbstrakTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan analisis ketahanan yang dikembangkan pertama kali oleh astronom Inggris, yaitu Edmund Halley. Analisis ini menjadi salah satu alat penting dalam statistik vital dan ilmu aktuarial serta ilmu lainnya. Tulisan ini memperkenalkan tentang istilah dan metode yang digunakan dalam analisis ketahanan beserta contoh aplikasinya dalam penelitian kesehatan. AbstractThis article aims to introduce survival analysis which has been developed by Edmund Halley- an English astronomer. Survival analysis plays a vital role in vital statistic, actuarial science and many other sciences. Furthermore, this article will discuss the terminology and method that are used in survival analysis with its’ applications in health research.
Phosphorylation-mediated interactions with TOPBP1 couple 53BP1 and 9-1-1 to control the G1 DNA damage checkpoint
Authors: Bigot Nicolas , Day Matthew , Baldock Robert A , Watts Felicity Z , Oliver Antony W , Pearl Laurence H
Published: May 2019

Coordination of the cellular response to DNA damage is organised by multi-domain ‘scaffold’ proteins, including 53BP1 and TOPBP1, which recognise post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, methylation and ubiquitylation on other proteins, and are themselves carriers of such regulatory signals. Here we show that the DNA damage checkpoint regulating S-phase entry is controlled by a phosphorylation-dependent interaction of 53BP1 and TOPBP1. BRCT domains of TOPBP1 selectively bind conserved phosphorylation sites in the N-terminus of 53BP1. Mutation of these sites does not affect formation of 53BP1 or ATM foci following DNA damage, but abolishes recruitment of TOPBP1, ATR and CHK1 to 53BP1 damage foci, abrogating cell cycle arrest and permitting progression into S-phase. TOPBP1 interaction with 53BP1 is structurally complimentary to its interaction with RAD9-RAD1-HUS1, allowing these damage recognition factors to bind simultaneously to the same TOPBP1 molecule and cooperate in ATR activation in the G1 DNA damage checkpoint.
Transcriptional control of subtype switching ensures adaptation and growth of pancreatic cancer
Authors: Adams Christina R , Htwe Htet Htwe , Marsh Timothy , Wang Aprilgate L , Montoya Megan L , Subbaraj Lakshmipriya , Tward Aaron D , Bardeesy Nabeel , Perera Rushika M
Published: May 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is a heterogeneous disease comprised of a basal-like subtype with mesenchymal gene signatures, undifferentiated histopathology and worse prognosis compared to the classical subtype. Despite their prognostic and therapeutic value, the key drivers that establish and control subtype identity remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate that PDA subtypes are not permanently encoded, and identify the GLI2 transcription factor as a master regulator of subtype inter-conversion. GLI2 is elevated in basal-like PDA lines and patient specimens, and forced GLI2 activation is sufficient to convert classical PDA cells to basal-like. Mechanistically, GLI2 upregulates expression of the pro-tumorigenic secreted protein, Osteopontin (OPN), which is especially critical for metastatic growth in vivo and adaptation to oncogenic KRAS ablation. Accordingly, elevated GLI2 and OPN levels predict shortened overall survival of PDA patients. Thus, the GLI2-OPN circuit is a driver of PDA cell plasticity that establishes and maintains an aggressive variant of this disease.
Transcriptome maps of general eukaryotic RNA degradation factors
Authors: Sohrabi-Jahromi Salma , Hofmann Katharina B , Boltendahl Andrea , Roth Christian , Gressel Saskia , Baejen Carlo , Soeding Johannes , Cramer Patrick
Published: May 2019

RNA degradation pathways enable RNA processing, the regulation of RNA levels, and the surveillance of aberrant or poorly functional RNAs in cells. Here we provide transcriptome-wide RNA-binding profiles of 30 general RNA degradation factors in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The profiles reveal the distribution of degradation factors between different RNA classes. They are consistent with the canonical degradation pathway for closed-loop forming mRNAs after deadenylation. Modeling based on mRNA half-lives suggests that most degradation factors bind intact mRNAs, whereas decapping factors are recruited only for mRNA degradation, consistent with decapping being a rate-limiting step. Decapping factors preferentially bind mRNAs with non-optimal codons, consistent with rapid degradation of inefficiently translated mRNAs. Global analysis suggests that the nuclear surveillance machinery, including the complexes Nrd1/Nab3 and TRAMP4, targets aberrant nuclear RNAs and processes snoRNAs.
Functional analysis of lncRNAs based on competitive endogenous RNA in tongue squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Song Yidan , Pan Yihua , Liu Jun
Published: May 2019

Backround

Tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is the most common malignant tumor in the oral cavity. An increasing number of studies have suggested that long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) plays an important role in the biological process of disease and is closely related to the occurrence and development of disease, including TSCC. Although many lncRNAs have been discovered, there remains a lack of research on the function and mechanism of lncRNAs. To better understand the clinical role and biological function of lncRNAs in TSCC, we conducted this study.

Methods

In this study, 162 tongue samples, including 147 TSCC samples and 15 normal control samples, were investigated and downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We constructed a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network. Then, we investigated two lncRNAs as key lncRNAs using Kaplan–Meier curve analysis and constructed a key lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA subnetwork. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was carried out on mRNAs in the subnetwork after multivariate survival analysis of the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

Results

The ceRNA regulatory network consists of six differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs), 29 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and six differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Kaplan-Meier curve analysis of lncRNAs in the TSCC ceRNA regulatory network showed that only two lncRNAs, including LINC00261 and PART1, are correlated with the total survival time of TSCC patients. After we constructed the key lncRNA-miRNA -RNA sub network, the GSEA results showed that key lncRNA are mainly related to cytokines and the immune system. High expression levels of LINC00261 indicate a poor prognosis, while a high expression level of PART1 indicates a better prognosis.
Influence of Food Consumption on Food Production in Ibadan Oyo State
Authors: Praise Oriowo , Solomon Nwafor , Jacob Adegbola , Michael Koko
Published: May 2019

Aims: The study determined the influence of food consumption on food production in Ibadan, Oyo State. It identified the predominant food produced; assessed the prevalent food consumption pattern; identified the underlying factors affecting food consumption, and determined the influence of food consumption patterns on food production in Ibadan, Oyo State.

Study Design: The study employed public opinion survey.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Ibadan Oyo state, Nigeria between June 2018 and December 2018.

Methodology: Using the multistage sampling technique, data for the study were collected from a sample of two hundred and four (204) respondents.

Results: The result revealed that the predominant food produced in Ibadan included cereals, roots and tubers, legumes and nuts, meat and dairy products, fruits and leafy vegetables. The result revealed that respondents’ consumption pattern is spread across all the food groups. Factors determining the consumption of food were identified to include increased food prices (178%), seasonality of some crop (201%), cultural believes (202%), religious believes (194), personal traits (176%), ease of preparation (108%), affordability (172%), income (198%), taste (161%), and availability (181%). The joint effect of the explanatory variable in the model account for 75.9% of the variations in the factors affecting the quantity of food produced. Given that the F- statistics of 214.440 is significant at 1% level of significance, and the computed F- value higher than the F-tabulated value of (1.94) at 5% level of significance, therefore, the hypothesis that food consumption patterns have significant influence on food production was accepted.

Conclusion: The study thus concludes that food consumption patterns influences food production significantly in the study
Improvement of Physics Numerical Problem Solving Skills of Students in Bhutan
Authors: Tenzin Dorji
Published: May 2019

The students feel challenged by the numerical questions asked in Physics. They face series of troubles in solving the questions despite their admirable attitudes towards learning the subject. Hence, the improvement in Physics problem solving skills was prioritized. The researchers had suggested that Problem solving has been observed to be one of the principal causes of academic failure in areas of science such as Mathematics, Chemistry and Physics. This is so because pupils do not learn how to solve problems but merely memorize solutions explained by teachers. However, to support this finding the data were collected using observations, class test and questionnaire from students of 9th grade of Drukgyel Higher Secondary School. The quantitative findings are interpreted through bar graph and pie chart. Most of the students performed very well after the interventions as an indication of improvement. Teachers could further help students to develop their problem solving skill in Physics by demonstrating different strategies and techniques and guiding them in solving many numerical questions.
A Two-stage Group Sampling Plan Based on Truncated Life Tests for an Odd Generalized Exponential Log-logistic Distribution
Authors: Sivakumar D. C. U. , Rao G. Srinivasa , Rosaiah K. , Kalyani K.
Published: May 2019

In this article, a time truncated life test based on two-stage group acceptance sampling plan is proposed for lifetime of an item follows odd generalized exponential log-logistic distribution (OGELLD). The ability about the lot acceptance can be made in the first or second stage according to the number of failures from each group. The optimal parameters for the proposed plan are determined such that both producer’s as well as consumer’s risks are contented simultaneously for the specified unreliability when group size and test duration are specified. The efficiency of the proposed sampling plan is evaluated in terms of average sample number with the existing sampling plan. The results are explained with the help of industrial example.  Using exploratory data analysis and then goodness-of-fit, we show a rough indication of the goodness of fit for our model by plotting the superimposed for the data shows that the OGELLD is a good fit and also it is emphasized with Q-Q plot, displayed in Fig. 1. We observed from the tables / results that the number of groups required decrease as the group size increases from  and also the ASN increases marginally, sample size decreases as the group size increases, which indicates that a larger group size may be more economical and it reduces the experimental time and cost. We proposed two-stage group acceptance sampling plan, since it performs much better in terms of the average sample number (ASN) and the operating characteristics than in single-stage group acceptance sampling plan. The advantage of two stage group sampling plan is that it reduces the average sample number (ASN) as compared to the GASP.
Field Fungal Diversity in Freshly Harvested Japonica Rice
Authors: Sun Xiang Dong , Shan Hong , Lan Jing , Li Li Li , Guan Hai Tao , Zhao Lin
Published: May 2019

Rice is a major food crop in China and Japonica rice production in Heilongjiang Province ranks No.1 in total annual rice production in the country. Rice is prone to invasion by fungi and mycotoxins produced by the fungi are proven to be serious threats to human health. The objective of the present study was to investigate fungal diversity of freshly harvested rice in the four main cultivation regions of Heilongjiang Province in order to find the difference of dominant fungi among the four regions. Through high throughput sequencing we detected Ascomycota accounts for absolute dominant phylum; Dothideomycetes, Sordariomycetes, Tremellomycetes, Microbotryomycetes, and Eurotiomycetes were dominant classes; Capnodiales, Hypocreales, and Pleosporales were the main orders; Cladosporiaceae, Pleosporaceae, Nectriaceae, Clavicipitaceae, Tremellaceae, Phaeosphaeriaceae, Trimorphomycetaceae, Sporidiobolaceae, Bionectriaceae, and Trichocomaceae were major family; Cladosporium, Epicoccum, Fusarium, and Alternaria were the most abundant phylotypes at genus level; Epicoccum nigrum, Gibberella zeae, and Fusarium proliferatum were the dominant fungal species. Great fungal diversity was observed in the rice samples harvested in the four major Japonica rice-growing regions in Heilongjiang province. However, no significant difference in diversity was observed among the four regions, likely due to the relatively close geographical proximity leading to very similar climatic conditions. Since some of the fungal species produce mycotoxins, it is necessary to take precautions to ensure the rice is stored under safe conditions to prevent the production of mycotoxins. This is the first report on investigation of field fungal diversity in freshly harvested Japonica rice in Heilongjiang Province in China.
Influence of Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates on Yield and Yield Components of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Varieties in Lemu Bilbilo District of Arsi Zone, Southeastern Ethiopia
Authors: Negasa Gobena , Bedadi Bobe , Abera Tolera
Published: May 2019

Faba bean production is a common practice in Lemu Bilbilo areas. However, faba bean productivity is affected and limited by poor soil fertility and lack of alternative technologies such as application of optimum phosphorus fertilizer for different faba bean varieties. In view of this, a field experiment was conducted on farmer’s field during the 2017 main cropping season at Lemu Bilbilo with the objectives to determine the response of faba bean varieties to different rates of P fertilizer and its influence on yield and yield components of faba bean varieties.  The treatments include three faba bean varieties (Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha) and five phosphorus levels (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 kg P ha-1) from Triple Super Phosphate. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete blocked design with 3 x 5 factorial arrangements with three replications. Significantly (P<0 .05) higher plant height was recorded from Tumsa variety. Total productive tillers per plant, thousand seed weights, and harvest index and biomass yield of faba bean were significantly affected by main effect of varieties. Higher total productive tillers per plant (1.53) were obtained from application of 30 kg P ha-1. Higher plant height (153 cm), biomass yield (14158 kg ha-1) and grain yield (6323 kg ha-1) were obtained from application of 40 kg P ha-1. Application of 10, 20 and 30 kg P ha-1 gave marginal rate of return of 1404694 and 502% for faba bean production, which are well above the minimum acceptable rate of return. Therefore, application of 20 kg ha-1 of P with Tumsa, Gebelcho and Dosha faba bean varieties were proved to be productive and superior both in seed yield as well as economic advantage and recommended for faba bean production in Lemu Bilbilo area. Further study should be conducted in the future both over locations and years in order to give full recommendation for practical application.
Factors Affecting Compliance with Standard Precautions among Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Esu Irene , Okeke Chinyere , Gobir A.
Published: May 2019

Background: Health care workers are at risk of various occupational hazards such as blood borne and other pathogens infections in the hospital in the course of carrying out their duties. This study aims to assess the factors affecting compliance with standard precautions (SP)s among Health care workers in primary, secondary and tertiary hospitals in Nigeria

Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 332 health care workers involved in clinical practices from 19 Government health facilities in North central Nigeria. A multi-staged sampling technique was used and data collected using a semi-structured self-administered questionnaire and analysed using Epi-info 7 and associations tested using chi square test and logistic regression. Level of significance was set at 5%.

Results: Of 332 participants interviewed, knowledge was above average in 274 (82.6%) of the respondents out of which 141 (42.5%) had good knowledge and 133 (40.1%) had fair knowledge. Majority of the respondents (76.2%) were compliant with SPs. Factors significantly affecting health care worker’s compliance type of health facility (p=0.022) and years of practice (p=0.044).

Conclusion: Health care workers in primary health facilities were less likely to be compliant with standard precautions than those in tertiary health facilities. Training on infection prevention and control, was recommended.
The Role of Workplace Control in Positive Health and Wellbeing
Authors: Eatough Erin M. , Spector Paul E.
Published: May 2019

The focus on job control in the workplace has largely rested on how its absence can contribute to negative outcomes, such as disease and impaired wellbeing. The role of job control also acts as a buffer between stressful job conditions and such outcomes have received considerable attention. However, job control may also directly contribute to positive employee health and wellbeing beyond the mere absence of physical or psychological disorder or illness. This chapter examines the potential role of job control in positive happiness, health, and wellbeing, as well as occupational adjustment and success.
A Systematic Review of Mental Health Promotion in the Workplace
Authors: Czabała Czesław , Charzyńska Katarzyna
Published: May 2019

Mental health promotion in the workplace is recommended as a means of improving work efficiency and increasing job satisfaction as well as enhancing relationships at work. It is also expected to contribute to personal and professional development. This chapter includes reports from evaluation studies on workplace mental health promotion interventions. Seventy‐nine studies whose design included control condition are reviewed. The aims of this overview were to identify and document evidence‐based programs that promote mental health and prevent mental and behavioral disorders in the workplace. The analyses were conducted within theDataPrevproject, sponsored by the European Commission. The most frequent aims of the workplace interventions were stress reduction or better coping with stress, mental health improvement, increased job satisfaction, improvement in job attitudes, and reduction in coworker conflicts, as well as job effectiveness improvement and reduction of absenteeism. Each of these aims was attained with the use of a variety of methods, such as skills training, improvement in occupational qualifications, working conditions improvement, relaxation and physical exercises. Only 14 studies were identified that predominantly focused on positive wellbeing outcomes, which shows a great need for research in this area. In this chapter the aims of mental health promotion and mental disorder prevention in the workplace as well as the means of their attainment (interventions) and implications of these interventions are described. It is also discussed how to encourage employers to introduce such programs in their organizations. Finally, conclusions regarding the current state and quality of knowledge on mental health promotion are presented and possibilities for the development of effective methods, based on results of empirical studies, are discussed.
Introduction
Authors: McDaid David , Cooper Cary L.
Published: May 2019

This chapter provides a concise introduction to the volume. It briefly highlights some of the differing perspectives on economics aspects of wellbeing discussed in subsequent chapters.
Evaluation of Proposed Criteria for Remission and Evidence‐Based Development of Criteria for Complete Response in Patients With Chronic Refractory Gout
Authors: Schlesinger Naomi , Edwards N. Lawrence , Khanna Puja P. , Yeo Anthony E. , Lipsky Peter E.
Published: May 2019

Objective

The objective of this study is to assess criteria for gout remission and to use the results to inform criteria for a complete response (CR).

Methods

A post hoc analysis of two clinical trials was undertaken to determine the frequency with which subjects with chronic refractory gout who were treated with pegloticase met remission criteria. Mixed modeling was then employed to identify the components that best correlated with time to maximum benefit.

Results

Of the 56 subjects treated with biweekly pegloticase for whom adequate data were collected, 48.2% met the remission criteria. When subjects with persistent lowering of urate levels were examined separately, 27 of 32 (84.4%) met the criteria for remission. In contrast, even when the requirement for lowering of serum urate levels was waived, only 2 of 24 (8.3%) subjects without persistent lowering of urate levels and 0 of 43 subjects receiving placebo met criteria. Mixed modeling indicated that in addition to urate levels, assessment of tophi, swollen joints, and tender joints and patient global assessment best correlated with time to maximum benefit. Using these criteria of CR, 23 of the responders (71.9%) met the criteria. All patients who achieved a CR maintained it for a mean duration of 507.4 days. Finally, 64% of persistent responders to monthly pegloticase also met criteria for CR.

Conclusion

These results have validated the proposed remission criteria for gout and have helped define criteria for CR in individuals with chronic gout treated with pegloticase. This composite CR index can serve as an evidence‐based target to inform the design and end points of future clinical trials.
Cell Membrane‐Camouflaged NIR II Fluorescent Ag2Te Quantum Dots‐Based Nanobioprobes for Enhanced In Vivo Homotypic Tumor Imaging
Authors: Zhang Jing‐Jing , Lin Yi , Zhou Hui , He He , Ma Jiao‐Jiao , Luo Meng‐Yao , Zhang Zhi‐Ling , Pang Dai‐Wen
Published: May 2019

The advantages of fluorescence bioimaging in the second near‐infrared (NIR II, 1000–1700 nm) window are well known; however, current NIR II fluorescent probes for in vivo tumor imaging still have many shortcomings, such as low fluorescence efficiency, unstable performance under in vivo environments, and inefficient enrichment at tumor sites. In this study, Ag2Te quantum dots (QDs) that emit light at a wavelength of 1300 nm are assembled with poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) and further encapsulated within cancer cell membranes to overcome the shortcomings mentioned above. The as‐prepared ≈100 nm biomimetic nanobioprobes exhibit ultrabright (≈60 times greater than that of free Ag2Te QDs) and highly stable (≈97% maintenance after laser radiation for 1 h) fluorescence in the NIR II window. By combining the active homotypic tumor targeting capability derived from the source cell membrane with the passive enhanced permeation and retention effect, improved accumulation at tumor sites ((31 ± 2)% injection dose per gram of tumor) and a high tumor‐to‐normal tissue ratio (13.3 ± 0.7) are achieved. In summary, a new biomimetic NIR II fluorescent nanobioprobe with ultrabright and stable fluorescence, homotypic targeting and good biocompatibility for enhanced in vivo tumor imaging is developed in this study.
High Performance of a‐IZTO TFT by Purification of the Semiconductor Oxide Precursor
Authors: Bukke Ravindra Naik , Mude Narendra Naik , Saha Jewel Kumer , Jang Jin
Published: May 2019

The effect of purification of oxide semiconductor precursor on the performance of amorphous indium–zinc–tin oxide (a‐IZTO) thin‐film transistors (TFT) using a high‐k zirconium oxide (ZrOx) gate insulator is reported. By purification of IZTO precursor, the saturation mobility (µsat) of the IZTO TFT increases from 2.84 to 9.50 cm2 V−1 s−1, threshold voltage (VTH) decreases from 0.63 to 0.51 V, subthreshold swing (SS) decreases from 169 to 87 mV dec−1, hysteresis voltage (VH) reduces from 0.05 to 0 V, and an ON/OFF current ratio (ION/IOFF) increases from ≈107 to ≈108. These improvements are due to the reduction in the impurities and oxygen vacancies at the bulk of IZTO and a‐IZTO/ZrOx interface as well. The significant reduction of broad absorbance peak centered at 553 nm can be found by purification, which is direct evidence of the reduction of the impurity concentration in the metal oxide precursor solution.
Photoresponsive Structural Color in Liquid Crystalline Materials
Authors: McConney Michael E. , Rumi Mariacristina , Godman Nicholas P. , Tohgha Urice N. , Bunning Timothy J.
Published: May 2019

Photoresponsive liquid crystalline photonic materials are a medium in which the self‐regulation of light can occur. Liquid crystals are macroscopically self‐assembling, optically anisotropic materials capable of amplifying photochemical changes and thus are well suited to demonstrate complex light‐driven behavior. This review presents recent progress in liquid crystalline systems exhibiting photoresponsive structural color. More specifically, it surveys progress on liquid crystalline materials and structures with coloration that is the result of the constituents' spatial arrangement (not of presence of dyes or pigments) and for which this arrangement can be externally controlled by light. In cholesteric and blue‐phase liquid crystals, the structural color results from the natural self‐assembly of liquid crystal molecules in periodic structures. Several photochemically driven mechanisms can be exploited to impart color changes to these structures. Photonic liquid crystalline materials can also be generated with directed self‐assembly techniques and subsequent processes can be exploited to create photoinduced changes to their optical properties. After reviewing the recent progress in materials based on natural and directed self‐assembly, these approaches are compared and contrasted. A few interesting examples of more complex behavior are noted, including true autonomous self‐regulation of light flow in liquid crystal systems.
Cobalt(III)/Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regio‐ and Stereoselective Allylation of 8‐Methylquinoline via sp3 C−H Activation
Authors: Li Na , Wang Yahui , Kong Lingheng , Chang Junbiao , Li Xingwei
Published: May 2019

Regio‐ and stereoselective benzylic allylation of 8‐methylquinolines with (per)fluoroalkyl olefins has been realized via benzylic C−H activation and subsequent C−F cleavage. Both cobalt(III) and rhodium(III) catalysts can effect this transformation in good to high efficiency. The Rh(III)‐catalyzed system proceeded under moderate conditions with decent substrates scope, providing (Z)‐alkenyl fluorides with good to excellent regio‐ and stereoselectivity.

magnified image
Ru‐Catalyzed Deoxygenative Transfer Hydrogenation of Amides to Amines with Formic Acid/Triethylamine
Authors: Pan Yixiao , Luo Zhenli , Xu Xin , Zhao Haoqiang , Han Jiahong , Xu Lijin , Fan Qinghua , Xiao Jianliang
Published: May 2019

A ruthenium(II)‐catalyzed deoxygenative transfer hydrogenation of amides to amines using HCO2H/NEt3 as the reducing agent is reported for the first time. The catalyst system consisting of [Ru(2‐methylallyl)2(COD)], 1,1,1‐tris(diphenylphosphinomethyl) ethane (triphos) and Bis(trifluoromethane sulfonimide) (HNTf2) performed well for deoxygenative reduction of various secondary and tertiary amides into the corresponding amines in high yields with excellent selectivities, and exhibits high tolerance toward functional groups including those that are reduction‐sensitive. The choice of hydrogen source and acid co‐catalyst is critical for catalysis. Mechanistic studies suggest that the reductive amination of the in situ generated alcohol and amine via borrowing hydrogen is the dominant pathway.

magnified image
Novel Selector‐Induced Current‐Limiting Effect through Asymmetry Control for High‐Density One‐Selector–One‐Resistor Crossbar Arrays
Authors: Kim Yumin , Kwon Young Jae , Kim Jihun , An Cheol Hyun , Park Taegyun , Kwon Dae Eun , Woo Hyo Cheon , Kim Hae Jin , Yoon Jung Ho , Hwang Cheol Seong
Published: May 2019

Crossbar arrays that use resistance‐switching random‐access memory are passive arrays, requiring a high‐performance cell selector. However, the array‐writing margin is seriously limited by unwanted reset (switching from a low‐resistance state to a high‐resistance state) of the parallel connected cell to the selected cell at the moment of reset of the selected cell. This is also closely related to the presence of an interconnection‐wire resistance, which induces a switching‐voltage drop on the wire. Pt/TiO2/TiN selectors, with atomic‐layer‐deposited TiO2 films varying in thickness from 2 to 8 nm, are fabricated using a sputtered‐TiN bottom‐electrode layer. The selector with an 8‐nm‐thick TiO2 layer is found to be optimal, and is connected serially with an external cable to a Pt/2‐nm‐thick HfO2/TiN bipolar resistive‐switching memory cell. It shows good performance without breakdown and significant switching‐voltage increase without compliance current. HSPICE simulation shows that ≈0.5 Mb array size can be obtained by using a widely used tungsten electrode, demonstrating the feasibility of commercializing one‐selector–one‐resistor devices.
A consolidated flow regime map of upward gas fluidization
Authors: Sun Zeneng , Zhu Jesse
Published: May 2019

A new flow regime map, resulting from more fundamental studies on the hydrodynamics and new flow regimes, is proposed in response to more practical reclassifications of the existing regimes with the development of upward gas‐solids fluidization systems. The previously reported flow regime maps and flow structures of some widely used fluidized beds are carefully examined. To better reflect the industrial applications, the fast fluidization regime is reclassified as high‐density and low‐density circulating fluidization regimes. A consolidated flow regime map is then proposed where the flow regimes of upward fluidization expand to include new types of fluidized beds such as circulating turbulent fluidized bed and high‐density circulating fluidized bed. The proposed flow regime map consists of six flow regimes: bubbling, turbulent, circulating turbulent, high‐density circulating and low‐density circulating fluidization, and pneumatic transport. The transitions between the regimes are discussed with new correlations proposed for fluid catalytic cracking type particles. Analysis on the dominating phase in the different types of fluidized beds reveals the dynamic changeover from solids phase continuous in conventional low‐velocity batch/“fixed” fluidization operations to gas phase continuous in high‐velocity continuous/“moving” fluidization operations and provides more insights to the transitions between the flow regimes for industrial design and practice.
Ecotypic divergences of the alpine herbPotentilla matsumuraeadapted to fellfield–snowbed habitats across a series of mountain sky islands
Authors: Hirao Akira S. , Shimono Yoshiko , Narita Kenji , Wada Naoya , Kudo Gaku
Published: May 2019

Premise

Divergent selection due to environmental heterogeneity can lead to local adaptation. However, the ecological and evolutionary processes of local adaptation that occurs across multiple regions are often unknown. Our previous studies reported on the ecotypic divergence within a local area of variation ofPotentilla matsumurae, an alpine herb adapted to the fellfield–snowbed environment. Here we investigated large‐scale geographic patterns of ecotypic differentiation in this species to infer local adaptation and selective forces across multiple regions.

Methods

We compiled information on the overall distributions of fellfield and snowbed habitats on the mountains in Japan across the distribution of the species. Next, we conducted common garden experiments to test the adaptive divergence of the fellfield–snowbed plants derived from multiple regions. Finally, we evaluated phylogeographic structures based on cpDNAand allozyme variations and inferred the evolutionary history of ecotype differentiation.

Results

The mosaic distribution of the fellfield–snowbed ecotypes across isolated mountaintops constitutes indirect evidence for habitat‐specific natural selection. The significant difference in survivorship between the ecotypes observed in a controlled snow environment provides more substantial evidence of local selection. Phylogeographic structures support the hypothesis that ecotypic divergence events from fellfield to snowbed populations occurred independently in at least two distinct regions.

Conclusions

Ecotypic divergence ofP. matsumuraehas occurred across a series of mountain sky islands. Local selection in snowy environments is a driving force that maintains the divergent ecotypes across multiple mountain regions and can contribute to the diversification of plants in heavy‐snow regions.
Next‐generation sequencing‐defined minimal residual disease before stem cell transplantation predicts acute myeloid leukemia relapse
Authors: Press Richard D. , Eickelberg Garrett , Froman Allison , Yang Fei , Stentz Alex , Flatley Ellen M. , Fan Guang , Lim Jeong Y. , Meyers Gabrielle , Maziarz Richard T. , Cook Rachel J.
Published: May 2019

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the assessment of post‐treatment minimal residual disease (MRD) may inform a more effective management approach. We investigated the prognostic utility of next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based MRD detection undertaken before hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Forty‐two AML subjects underwent serial disease monitoring both by standard methods, and a targeted 42‐gene NGS assay, able to detect leukemia‐specific mutant alleles (with >0.5% VAF) (mean 5.1 samples per subject). The prognostic relevance of any persisting diagnostic mutation before transplant (≤27 days) was assessed during 22.1 months (median) of post‐transplant follow‐up. The sensitivity of the NGS assay (27 MRD‐positive subjects) exceeded that of the non‐molecular methods (morphology, FISH, and flow cytometry) (11 positive subjects). Only one of the 13 subjects who relapsed after HSCT was NGS MRD‐negative (92% assay sensitivity). The cumulative incidence of post‐transplant leukemic relapse was significantly higher in the pre‐transplant NGS MRD‐positive (vs MRD‐negative) subjects (P = .014). After adjusting for TP53 mutation and transplant conditioning regimen, NGS MRD‐positivity retained independent prognostic significance for leukemic relapse (subdistribution hazard ratio = 7.3; P = .05). The pre‐transplant NGS MRD‐positive subjects also had significantly shortened progression‐free survival (P = .038), and marginally shortened overall survival (P = .068). In patients with AML undergoing HSCT, the pre‐transplant persistence of NGS‐defined MRD imparts a significant, sensitive, strong, and independent increased risk for subsequent leukemic relapse and death. Given that NGS can simultaneously detect multiple leukemia‐associated mutations, it can be used in the majority of AML patients to monitor disease burdens and inform treatment decisions.
Analysis of biogeographic ancestry reveals complex genetic histories for indigenous communities of St. Vincent and Trinidad
Authors: Benn Torres Jada , Martucci Victoria , Aldrich Melinda C. , Vilar Miguel G. , MacKinney Taryn , Tariq Muhammad , Gaieski Jill B. , Bharath Hernandez Ricardo , Browne Zoila E. , Stevenson Marlon , Walters Wendell , Schurr Theodore G. ,   The Genographic Consortium
Published: May 2019

Objectives

From a genetic perspective, relatively little is known about how mass emigrations of African, European, and Asian peoples beginning in the 16th century affected Indigenous Caribbean populations. Therefore, we explored the impact of serial colonization on the genetic variation of the first Caribbean islanders.

Materials and methods

Sixty‐four members of St. Vincent's Garifuna Community and 36 members of Trinidad's Santa Rosa First People's Community (FPC) of Arima were characterized for mitochondrial DNA and Y‐chromosome diversity via direct sequencing and targeted SNP and STR genotyping. A subset of 32 Garifuna and 18 FPC participants were genotyped using the GenoChip 2.0 microarray. The resulting data were used to examine genetic diversity, admixture, and sex biased gene flow in the study communities.

Results

The Garifuna were most genetically comparable to African descendant populations, whereas the FPC were more similar to admixed American groups. Both communities also exhibited moderate frequencies of Indigenous American matrilines and patrilines. Autosomal SNP analysis indicated modest Indigenous American ancestry in these populations, while both showed varying degrees of African, European, South Asian, and East Asian ancestry, with patterns of sex‐biased gene flow differing between the island communities.

Discussion

These patterns of genetic variation are consistent with historical records of migration, forced, or voluntary, and suggest that different migration events shaped the genetic make‐up of each island community. This genomic study is the highest resolution analysis yet conducted with these communities, and provides a fuller understanding of the complex bio‐histories of Indigenous Caribbean peoples in the Lesser Antilles.
Genetic correlations in the dental dimensions ofSaguinus fuscicollis
Authors: Hardin Anna M.
Published: May 2019

Objectives

The objectives of this study are to describe genetic correlations between dental dimensions in a platyrrhine primate, to assess whether the brown‐mantled tamarin dentition exhibits genetic modularity by tooth type, and to discuss the relationship between body size reduction and the genetic architecture of dental traits.

Materials and methods

Genetic correlations were estimated for linear dental measurements, estimated crown areas, and measures of relative premolar and molar size from 302 individuals, using a pedigree of 386 individuals, with maximum likelihood variance decomposition in SOLAR.

Results

Genetic correlation estimates indicate strong genetic integration in the dentition of brown‐mantled tamarins, with little evidence of modularity by tooth type, within and between the maxilla and mandible. The relative molar size variable hypothesized to be genetically patterned in baboons is not significantly heritable, and relative premolar size does not meet the criteria to be considered genetically patterned in this population.

Discussion

These results demonstrate variation in the pattern of genetic correlations between dental dimensions in primates, providing evidence of evolution of the genetic architecture in the callitrichine lineage. Genetic integration of dental dimensions without modularity by tooth type, as demonstrated here, is expected to constrain dental evolution in ways that modularity would not. The role of body size reduction in the callitrichine lineage in the evolution of the genetic architecture of the dentition is discussed. Quantitative genetic analyses of dental dimensions in more primate populations will provide greater evidence of variation and evolution in the genetic architecture underlying primate dental morphology.
Electroencephalographic reactivity as predictor of neurological outcome in postanoxic coma: A multicenter prospective cohort study
Authors: Admiraal Marjolein M. , van Rootselaar Anne‐Fleur , Hofmeijer Jeannette , Hoedemaekers Cornelia W. E. , van Kaam Christiaan R. , Keijzer Hanneke M. , van Putten Michel J. A. M. , Schultz Marcus J. , Horn Janneke
Published: May 2019

Objective

Outcome prediction in patients after cardiac arrest (CA) is challenging. Electroencephalographic reactivity (EEG‐R) might be a reliable predictor. We aimed to determine the prognostic value of EEG‐R using a standardized assessment.

Methods

In a prospective cohort study, a strictly defined EEG‐R assessment protocol was executed twice per day in adult patients after CA. EEG‐R was classified as present or absent by 3 EEG readers, blinded to patient characteristics. Uncertain reactivity was classified as present. Primary outcome was best Cerebral Performance Category score (CPC) in 6 months after CA, dichotomized as good (CPC = 1–2) or poor (CPC = 3–5). EEG‐R was considered reliable for predicting poor outcome if specificity was ≥95%. For good outcome prediction, a specificity of ≥80% was used. Added value of EEG‐R was the increase in specificity when combined with EEG background, neurological examination, and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs).

Results

Of 160 patients enrolled, 149 were available for analyses. Absence of EEG‐R for poor outcome prediction had a specificity of 82% and a sensitivity of 73%. For good outcome prediction, specificity was 73% and sensitivity 82%. Specificity for poor outcome prediction increased from 98% to 99% when EEG‐R was added to a multimodal model. For good outcome prediction, specificity increased from 70% to 89%.

Interpretation

EEG‐R testing in itself is not sufficiently reliable for outcome prediction in patients after CA. For poor outcome prediction, it has no substantial added value to EEG background, neurological examination, and SSEPs. For prediction of good outcome, EEG‐R seems to have added value. ANN NEUROL 2019
Formation of Neutral Peptide Aggregates as Studied by Mass‐Selective IR Action Spectroscopy
Authors: Bakels Sjors , Porskamp Sebastiaan B. A. , Rijs Anouk M.
Published: May 2019

The spontaneous aggregation of proteins and peptides is widely studied owing to its relation to neurodegenerative diseases. To understand the underlying principles of peptide aggregation, elucidation of structure and structural changes upon their formation is key. This level of detail can be obtained by studying the peptide self‐assembly in the gas phase. Structural characterization of aggregates is mainly done on charged species, as adding charges is an intrinsic part of the technique to bring molecules into the gas phase. Studying neutral peptide aggregates will complement the existing picture. These studies are restricted to dimers due to experimental limitations. Herein, we present advances in laser desorption molecular beam spectroscopy to form neutral peptide aggregates consisting of up to 14 monomeric peptides in the gas phase. The combination of this technique with IR–UV spectroscopy allowed us to select each aggregate by size and subsequently characterize its structure.
N‐heterocyclische Carbene katalysieren die radikalische Kupplung von Aldehyden mit redoxaktiven Estern
Authors: Song Runjiang , Chi Yonggui Robin
Published: May 2019

Durch N‐heterocyclische Carbene katalysierte radikalische Reaktionen sind eine Herausforderung und wurden bislang wenig erforscht. In einer aktuellen Studie zeigten Ohmiya, Nagao et al., dass Carbonylkohlenstoffzentren von Aldehyden mit Alkylradikalen unter NHC‐Katalyse gekuppelt werden können. In eleganter Weise wird in dieser Studie ein redoxaktiver Carbonsäureester eingesetzt, der sich wie ein Ein‐Elektronen‐Oxidationsmittel verhält und das Breslow‐Intermediat in ein radikalisches Addukt umwandelt sowie gleichzeitig ein radikalisches Alkylintermediat als Reaktionspartner freisetzt.
Elektrolyte für wiederaufladbare Lithium‐Luft‐Batterien
Authors: Lai Jingning , Xing Yi , Chen Nan , Li Li , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: May 2019

Lithium (Li)‐Luft‐Batterien sind wegen ihrer enorm hohen Energiedichte vielversprechend für die elektrochemische Energiespeicherung. Es ist jedoch nach wie vor schwierig, praktische Li‐Luft‐Batterien zu erhalten, da sie eine starke Kapazitätsabnahme und eine geringe Entladungsrate aufweisen. Die verwendeten Elektrolyte stehen unter dem Verdacht, Zellversagen zu verursachen. In diesem Aufsatz liegt der Fokus auf den Chancen und Herausforderungen, die mit der Wahl des Elektrolyten für wiederaufladbare Li‐Luft‐Batterien einhergehen. Eine Zusammenfassung der Reaktionsmechanismen, internen Zusammensetzungen, Instabilitätsfaktoren, Auswahlkriterien und Design‐Ideen hinter den untersuchten Elektrolyten wird bereitgestellt, um Strategien zur Erfüllung der jeweiligen Batterieanforderungen entwickeln zu können. Insbesondere ionisch‐flüssige (IL‐)Elektrolyte und Festkörperelektrolyte bieten gute Möglichkeiten, sowohl die hohe Energiedichte als auch die Sicherheit zu kontrollieren.
Surface Reconstruction by a Coassembly Approach
Authors: Zhao Ya , Liu Li , Zhao Hanying
Published: May 2019

Materials with switchable surfaces, capable of changing surface properties under external stimuli, are playing a pivotal role in many applications, such as tissue engineering, biosensors, and drug/protein delivery. In this research silica particles with patterned and switchable surfaces are fabricated. Surface micelles on silica particles are formed by coassembly of polymer brushes and “free” block copolymer chains in a selective solvent. The cores of the surface micelles are crosslinked by anthracene photodimerization. After quaternization of the coronae, amphiphilic surface micelles are prepared. The surface micelles are able to rearrange in different media. After treatment with an organic solvent, the surfaces of silica particles are occupied by hydrophobic polymer components; in aqueous solution, the positively charged polymer chains are on the surfaces. The switching of the surface micelles results in changes in surface composition and wetting behaviors.