bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association patterns of cannabis abuse and dependence with risk of problematic non-substance-related dysregulated and addictive behaviors
Authors: Perales José C. , Maldonado Antonio , López-Quirantes Eva M. , López-Torrecillas Francisca
Published: August 2021

Co-occurrence of drug misuse with other dysregulated behaviors is common. This study was aimed at exploring the associations between the risk of presenting a clinically relevant condition involving non-substance-related addictive or dysregulated behaviors (as measured by the MultiCAGE CAD-4 screening), and cannabis abuse/dependence (CAST/SDS) scores, and the role of gender therein. Participants were recruited using stratified probabilistic sampling at the University of Granada. Mann-Whitney’s U tests were used to compare male and female students in SDS and CAST scores. Associations between gender and MultiCAGE scores were estimated using the γ ordinal correlation index, and tested with χ2. For each MultiCAGE dimension, a Poisson-family mixed-effects model was built with either SDS or CAST as the main input variable, while controlling for nicotine and alcohol dependence, and relevant sociodemographic variables. Incidence rate ratios (IRR) were computed for SDS/CAST effects, and the significance threshold was family-wise Bonferroni-corrected. Gender differences were significant for cannabis dependence/abuse and all MultiCAGE scores for non-substance-related conditions, with males showing higher risk scores for excessive gambling, excessive internet use, excessive video gaming, and hypersexuality, and females presenting higher scores in dysregulated eating and compulsive buying. Cannabis dependence and abuse were significantly associated with a higher risk of problematic video gaming. These associations were mostly driven by males. Importantly, although risk of problematic video gaming was specifically associated with cannabis abuse/dependence, there was only a weak non-significant association between problematic video gaming and alcohol use scores. Risk of alcohol use problems, in turn, was strongly associated with all other non-substance-related problems (problematic gambling, excessive Internet use, dysregulated eating, compulsive buying, and hypersexuality). These differential associations can cast light on the etiological similarities and dissimilarities between problematic substance use and putative addictive behaviors not involving drugs.
Impact of physical distancing policy on reducing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 globally: Perspective from government’s response and residents’ compliance
Authors: Chung Ping-Chen , Chan Ta-Chien
Published: August 2021

Background

COVID-19 was declared a public health emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2020. Various physical distancing interventions were introduced to flatten the epidemic curve and reduce the disease burden. We evaluated the impacts of policy stringency and residents’ compliance on time-varying reproduction number in 17 countries.

Methods

Data were from WHO reports of local transmission (February 28 to April 8, 2020) in Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, the UK, US and Vietnam. Earlier local transmission data where available from press releases were added for Japan, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan starting January 28, 2020. COVID-19 policy responses were from the Oxford Covid-19 Government Response Tracker with 17 indicators. Changes in people’s behaviors were from Google’s COVID-19 community mobility reports and Apple Maps’ mobility trends reports. We estimated the daily time-varying reproduction number (Rt) by country. 0-, 7- and 14-day lagged effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions and changes in human mobility on Rt were estimated by linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Rt initially surged rapidly, then declined gradually depending on policy stringency. The highest mean policy stringency scores were for Italy (69.97) and South Korea (61.00). Variations in stringency scores were higher in Europe, the US and Australia than in Asia. The human mobility reduction was greater in countries with strict policies (median stringency score > = 50). In terms of immediate (0-day lag) effects, Rt reductions were found for workplace-closure, limited-gathering, and stay-at-home policies. At a 7-day lag, Rt reductions were found for workplace closure, restrictions on gatherings, stay-at-home requirements, international travel controls, contact tracing and reducing walking around. At a 14-day lag, Rt reductions were found for restrictions on gatherings, less visiting and staying in parks, and reduced walking around.

Conclusion

The findings show physical distancing policies and residents’ compliance can slow transmission, with the lag-to-effect time varying by policy.
Properties of peptides released from salmon and carp via simulated human-like gastrointestinal digestion described applying quantitative parameters
Authors: Borawska-Dziadkiewicz Justyna , Darewicz Małgorzata , Tarczyńska Anna Sylwia
Published: August 2021

Apart from the classical (experimental) methods, biologically active peptides can be studied via bioinformatics approach, also known as in silico analysis. This study aimed to verify the following research hypothesis: ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides can be released from salmon and carp proteins during simulated in silico human-like gastrointestinal digestion. The potential to release biopeptides was evaluated using the BIOPEP-UWM quantitative criteria including the profile of biological activity, frequency of the occurrence (A)/release (AE) of fragments with an ACE inhibitory or antioxidant activity by selected enzymes, and relative frequency of release of bioactive fragments with a given activity by selected enzymes (W). Salmon collagen and myofibrillar proteins of carp turned out to be the best potential source of the searched peptides–ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides. Nonetheless, after digestion, the highest numbers of ACE inhibitors and antioxidant peptides were potentially released from the myofibrillar proteins of salmon and carp. Peptide Ranker Score, Pepsite2, and ADMETlab platform were applied to evaluate peptides’ bioactivity potential, their safety and drug-like properties. Among the 63 sequences obtained after the simulated digestion of salmon and carp proteins, 30 were considered potential biopeptides. The amino acid sequences of ACE-inhibiting and antioxidant peptides were predominated by P, G, F, W, R, and L. The predicted high probability of absorption of most analyzed peptides and their low toxicity should be considered as their advantage.
Farmer social networks: The role of advice ties and organizational leadership in agroforestry adoption
Authors: Lin Tian , Ko Aung Phyo , Than Maung Maung , Catacutan Delia C. , Finlayson Robert F. , Isaac Marney E.
Published: August 2021

With the decline in public budgets for agricultural extension support, ties between members of farmer groups are becoming more important to facilitate information transfer about agroforestry. This paper examines the role of social network ties in predicting organizational leadership in an agroforestry-based farmer group. Using social network data derived from interviews with members of farming groups based in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar, we established a positive relationship between advice-seeking ties and organizational leadership. In other words, farmers who were highly sought for agroforestry advice were more likely to be elected as leaders of the farmer group. Results show the frequency of interactions through advice-seeking ties also had a positive influence on the probability of farmers holding leadership positions. We found a core–periphery structure for the advice networks, whereby farmer leaders were overrepresented at the network core. Interestingly, general members of the farmer group were also in the core of the core-periphery structure, suggesting that engaging with farmers without leadership roles can also effectively disseminate agroforestry information to peripheral farmers. We conclude that farmer groups are valuable in agroforestry adoption and persistence and further analyses of formal leadership structures are needed to support more transparent and accountable governance.
Do international traineeships have more impact on the development of cognitive, interpersonal and intrapersonal competences than study abroad? A case study of Slovene student perceptions of their competence development through their Erasmus mobility
Authors: Flander Alenka , Korada Borut
Published: August 2021

In the context of the internationalization of higher education, international student mobility has in recent decades become an important strategic direction for countries as well as for institutions of higher education. In our study, we analysed Slovene Erasmus student perceptions of the development of their cognitive, interpersonal and intrapersonal competences through their stay abroad. The analysis shows that students perceive international learning mobility as an important factor for the development of their skills, as a mode of a more profound learning process through interactions in an international environment. It supports the development of their cognitive, interpersonal and intrapersonal competences through a social process between individuals from different cultural, organizational, social and personal values. Our research shows that the type of mobility affects the intensity and type of skills developed, with traineeships having more substantial competence development implications.
Internationalization of Higher Education for Development: Blackness and Postcolonial Solidarity in Africa-Brazil Relations, Susanne Ress (2019)
Authors: de Azevedo Leonardo Francisco
Published: August 2021

Review of: Internationalization of Higher Education for Development: Blackness and Postcolonial Solidarity in Africa-Brazil Relations, Susanne Ress (2019)

London: Bloomsbury Academic, 208 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35004-546-0, h/bk, £90
Intra-articular injection in the hind limb joints of dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) using anatomical and arthrographic-guided landmarks
Authors: Al-Sobayil Fahd , Sadan Madeh A. , El-Shafaey Elsayed A. , Allouch Jamal
Published: August 2021

Background and Aim: A healthy joint is an important structure for the proper movement of the camel limb. Intra-articular (IA) injection is frequently used in veterinary practice for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes of joint injuries. Thus, the current study aimed to describe the injection of the hindlimb joints in dromedary camels based on the anatomical and arthrographic-guided landmarks.

Materials and Methods: Eighteen orthopedically sound adult camels (mean±standard deviation age: 78±12 months) of both sexes were included in this study. Three camels were euthanized to identify anatomical features in the hindlimb joints and related structures. IA injections were performed in the hindlimbs of 5 camel cadavers to evaluate the optimal IA injection site, which was confirmed by arthrography. The optimized IA injection technique was applied in 10 live camels and confirmed by arthrocentesis and arthrography. For each joint, injection criteria (number of attempts, difficulty of injection, and successful injection) were assessed, scored, and statistically compared to the other joints.

Results: The summation of IA injection criteria scores was significantly higher (p<0.05) in the femorotibial, femoropatellar, tibiotarsal, fetlock, pastern, and coffin joints in comparison to the hip joint.

Conclusion: Anatomical and arthrographic-guided techniques offer considerable advantages for the characterization of anatomical landmarks and selection of the appropriate IA injection site in the hindlimb in dromedary camels. Furthermore, a reference approach for camels was established that is different from the approach for cattle and horses.
Efektivitas Pelaksanaan Kajian Lingkungan Hidup Strategis (KLHS) dalam Perencanaan Tata Ruang Kota Salatiga
Authors: Wijayanto Paulus Bimo , Maryono Maryono
Published: August 2021

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a process by evaluating environmental impacts and ensuring that the principles of sustainability are integrated in decision making. Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) in Indonesia is regulated in a law stipulated by the government which stipulates that it is the duty of both the government and local governments to carry out both development planning and spatial planning. Salatiga City in spatial planning in accordance with the existing guidelines implements SEA, namely in making the Regional Spatial Plan and Detailed Spatial Plan. The rules and policies that are continuously updated by the government regarding the procedures for implementing SEA require understanding from stakeholders who have an interest in Policies, Plans and Programs (KRP) in spatial planning in Salatiga City, with good quality understanding by stakeholders can ensure that the stages of implementing SEA running well and integrating SEA into the KRP spatial planning that ensures environmental damage can be minimized. The purpose of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the implementation of SEA in spatial planning in the city of Salatiga and it is hoped that it can provide alternative steps for implementing SEA which can be used as a direction in the implementation of SEA based on existing facts and conditions. The data used in this study consist of primary data and secondary data which refer to the SEA implementation tools, namely Rules and Policies, Documents and Reports, Institutional Tools, Implementation Standard Operating Procedures, Monitoring, Evaluation and Feedback. The research method used is a mixed method research by combining qualitative and quantitative analysis. From the results of the analysis, it can be seen that the implementation of SEA in the City of Salatiga in spatial planning still needs to be considered in order to run effectively, even though the resulting SEA process has adjusted to the existing regulations but still in activities such as monitoring, evaluation and feedback still need to be carried out in an effective manner. maximum because these activities constitute control over decision making in Activities, Plans and Programs in the resulting spatial planning and stakeholder understanding of the institutional instruments of SEA in Salatiga City still need to be improved because not all existing instruments are understood and are still in a category that is not all in categories really understand evenly so that steps are needed that are adjusted to the existing conditions in an effort to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of SEA so that the resulting SEA can run effectively and maximally.
Podkarpatská Rus v československé ústavě a na Ústavním soudu
Authors: Hubený David
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the Subcarpathian Ruthenia in the Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920 and its rights, as well as with some aspects of the preparation of the Constitution. The attention is also paid to the tasks of the Constitutional Court and the search for adequate representatives of the Subcarpathian Ruthenia therein.
Vir peritus multos erudivit. To the memory of Professor Witold Wołodkiewicz (1929–2021)
Authors: Zabłocki Jan
Published: August 2021

Obituary
Predictive Model for Soil Shrinkage Characteristic Curve of High Plastic Soils
Authors: Gupt C. B. , Prakash A. , Hazra B. , Sreedeep S.
Published: August 2021

Soil shrinkage characteristic curve (SSCC) is the relationship between gravimetric water content (w) and void ratio for a soil drying under zero external stress. It is mandatory for determining the soil-water characteristic curve and modeling water transport in high plastic soils, which exhibit significant volume change. The knowledge of SSCC is required for calculating the degree of saturation or volumetric water content from the known w. However, the measurement of SSCC is extremely tedious and time consuming, particularly for highly plastic clays like bentonite. Therefore, this study attempts to develop a predictive model for SSCC of highly plastic soils based on easily measurable index property, plasticity index (PI). Four bentonites and nine bentonite–fly ash mixes were used to encompass soils with a wide range of PI. The results were used to study the influence of plasticity characteristics on SSCC. The key parameters of SSCC; minimum void ratio, water content at air entry (wAE) and the shrinkage limit (wS) was effectively correlated with PI. The measured SSCCs were quantified using the Fredlund, Wilson, and Fredlund (2002) model, and equations were proposed to estimate the model parameters using PI. The efficacy of the proposed model was demonstrated using an independent data set of bentonite and its mixes with fly ash as well as data from the literature. It was found that the proposed model can predict the SSCC of highly plastic soils with reasonable accuracy.
Numerical Simulation Analysis of Real-Time High-Temperature Impact Test Technique of Rock Materials
Authors: Liu Shi , Xu Jinyu , Wang Haoyu
Published: August 2021

The exploration of the high-temperature and high-strain-rate mechanical properties of rock materials has consistently been an important goal in the field of rock dynamics. Consequently, high-temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test technology has been a focal point and difficulty in the research of related fields, and there remain many problems to be solved. This paper puts forward a self-developed, high-temperature SHPB device and introduces the composition and working principles of a high-temperature impact loading test system for rock materials. A set of test operation rules for the independent heating, high-temperature compensation, and synchronous assembly of test pieces is established. Via Ansys/LS-DYNA software, the characteristics of stress wave propagation in the bar and its temperature field distribution are analyzed, and the controllability of the specimen and temperature of the bar end, as well as the effectiveness of the high-temperature loading test technology, are demonstrated.
Presidential Approval Ratings and the Foreign Exchange Market
Authors: Son Byunghwan
Published: August 2021

Do presidential approval ratings affect exchange rates? The empirical purview of the vast literature on this topic has been confined to the run-up to elections. The importance of approval ratings in non-election periods has therefore been under-studied. Examining daily data on the exchange rate of the Korean won during the presidency of Park Geun Hye, we find that the won weakened (1) when Park’s ratings were low and (2) when they bounced back unexpectedly from a low level. This finding explains why Park’s impeachment did not lead to a serious panic in the won market. It seems that well before the impeachment, the exchange rate already reflected the market’s concerns about the uncertainty in the government.
The Elephant in the Voting Booth?
Authors: Chen Ted Hsuan Yun , Wu Chung-Li
Published: August 2021

In 2005, the single nontransferable vote system for legislative elections in Taiwan was replaced by a mixed-member majoritarian system, with an accompanying reduction in available district seats. In theory, by increasing the threshold of exclusion and placing the power of nomination in the hands of political parties, this reform should reduce vote-buying and local factionalism. We collected data on legislative nominees charged with vote-buying and on the local factional ties of candidates. Our results suggest that the reforms did reduce these problems. First, comparing the proportion of candidates charged with vote-buying before and after the reform shows a decrease in the second and third post-reform elections. Second, factional status predicts a candidate’s likelihood of running in consecutive elections before the reform but not after. Differences between factional and nonfactional candidates ceased to be significant after the reform, revealing the decreasing relevance of factions.
Characteristics and kinetic analysis of β-glucosidase (MaBgl) from Mucor ardhlaengiktus RSC1
Authors: Yang Zhihai , Wu Liping , Fu Mingjia , Li Qin , Ye Dexiao
Published: August 2021

Cellulolytic enzymes from fungi are complex compound enzyme structures that generally include three kinds of hydrolytic enzymes, which are called endo-β-1,4-glucanases, exo-β-1,4-glucanases, and β-1,4-glucosidases (β-glucosidases). The fungus Mucor ardhlaengiktus isolated from field rice straw produced a β-glucosidase (MaBgl). Maximal MaBgl production occurred when M. ardhlaengiktus was incubated for 6 days in fermentation liquor at 30 °C and an initial pH of 6. Purified MaBgl was obtained from M. ardhlaengiktus fermentation broth by ammonium sulfate fractional precipitation and DEAE-Sepharose FF ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weight of MaBgl as determined by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis was approximately 72 kDa. The kinetic parameters, Michaelis constant (Km) and maximum velocity (Vmax), of MaBgl were 78.2 μmol/L and 28.5 μmol/(L·min), respectively. Assays of MaBgl produced by M. ardhlaengiktus RSC1 under different conditions were investigated by the 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) assay for glucose. The pH and temperature optima for catalytic activity of MaBgl were pH 4.8 and 50 °C, respectively. MaBgl exhibited good thermal stability in the range of 20 to 30 °C, but the thermal stability of MaBgl decreased rapidly over 60 °C. MaBgl had better pH stability between pH 4.6 and 5.0, and the stability of MaBgl decreased when the pH value was lower or higher than this range.
On some properties of determinants with complex elements and their practical application
Authors: Fys Mykhailo , Kvit Roman , Salo Tetyana
Published: August 2021

The formulas presented in this paper make it possible to select the real and imaginary part of the determinant value of the n -th order complex quantity, greatly simplifying the process of its deployment. Moreover, its module is given by the determinant of the 2n -th order, the elements of which are the real and imaginary parts of complex numbers. This makes it possible to analyze analytically the process described using determinants with complex numbers. The real and imaginary parts are also determined by the sum of determinants already with n rows and columns, the elements of which make up complex elements. The terms of this sum are solutions of a system of equations represented in closed form using symmetric polynomials, the arguments of which are its coefficients. Part of this combination is expressed by two determinants of the n -th order, the elements of which are the sum and difference of the real and imaginary parts of the elements. This significantly reduces the number of arithmetic operations during the deployment of a complex determinant and the selection of its real and imaginary parts. The given numerical example confirms the feasibility of this approach.
Defining degree of semantic similarity using description logic tools
Authors: Zakharova O.V.
Published: August 2021

Establishing the semantic similarity of information is an integral part of the process of solving any information retrieval tasks, including tasks related to big data processing, discovery of semantic web services, categorization and classification of information, etc. The special functions to determine quantitative indicators of degree of semantic similarity of the information allow ranking the found information on its semantic proximity to the purpose or search request/template. Forming such measures should take into account many aspects from the meanings of the matched concepts to the specifics of the business-task in which it is done. Usually, to construct such similarity functions, semantic approaches are combined with structural ones, which provide syntactic comparison of concepts descriptions. This allows to do descriptions of the concepts more detail, and the impact of syntactic matching can be significantly reduced by using more expressive descriptive logics to represent information and by moving the focus to semantic properties. Today, DL-ontologies are the most developed tools for representing semantics, and the mechanisms of reasoning of descriptive logics (DL) provide the possibility of logical inference. Most of the estimates presented in this paper are based on basic DLs that support only the intersection constructor, but the described approaches can be applied to any DL that provides basic reasoning services. This article contains the analysis of existing approaches, models and measures based on descriptive logics. Classification of the estimation methods both on the levels of defining similarity and the matching types is proposed. The main attention is paid to establishing the similarity between concepts (conceptual level models). The task of establishing the value of similarity between instances and between concept and instance consists of finding the most specific concept for the instance / instances and evaluating the similarity between the concepts. The term of existential similarity is introduced. In this paper the examples of applying certain types of measures to evaluate the degree of semantic similarity of notions and/or knowledge based on the geometry ontology is demonstrated.
Observations on the Embryonic Development of Trichuris sylvilagi (Nematoda, Trichuridae) under Laboratory Conditions
Authors: Yevstafieva V. , Melnychuk V.  , Nagorna L.  , Stybel V.  , Gutyj B.  , Yatsenko I.  , Petrenko M. , Nikiforova O.  , Filonenko S.  , Savenkova O.  , Tahiltseva Ya. 
Published: August 2021

In the present study, we observed in vitro the rate and stages of exogenous development of the nematode Trichuris sylvilagi Tiner, 1950 isolated from the European hare, Lepus europaeus. The viability of eggs and embryos at different temperatures was investigated. It was found that the most favorable temperature for embryonic development of the species was 30 °C, with the formation of 88.67 % of viable eggs with a motile larva in 20 days at laboratory conditions. With a decrease in temperature to 20 °C, the embryogenesis occurred in 32 days. The viability of eggs cultured at 20 °C decreased: 68.0 % of eggs reached larval stage, and 32.0 % of eggs died. At 10 °C eggs did not develop to infective stage. On the 32nd day of cultivation at 10 °C, 27.33 % of eggs remained at the zygote stage, 52.0 % at the stage of blastomere cleavage and formation, and 20.67 % died. Embryogenesis was characterized by metric changes in egg parameters. At optimal temperature, the growth and development of eggs was accompanied by an increase in the egg and plugs' width with a simultaneous decrease in their length, as well as with thinning of the shell
Use of Complete Blood Cell Count Components to Screen for Hereditary Spherocytosis in Neonates
Authors: Weiss Nicole M. , Kuzniewicz Michael W. , Shimano Kristin A. , Walsh Eileen M. , Newman Thomas B.
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

The neonatal hereditary spherocytosis (HS) index, defined as the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration divided by the mean corpuscular volume, has been proposed as a screening tool for HS in neonates. In a population of mostly white infants, an HS Index >0.36 was 97% sensitive and >99% specific. We evaluated the utility of the HS Index among a more racially and ethnically diverse population and determined if its discrimination varies with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels.

METHODS

Infants born at ≥35 weeks’ gestation at 15 Kaiser Permanente Northern California hospitals from 1995 to 2015 were eligible (N = 670 272). Erythrocyte indices from the first complete blood count drawn at ≤7 days and TSB levels drawn at ≤30 days were obtained. Diagnoses of HS were confirmed via chart review.

RESULTS

HS was confirmed in 79 infants, 1.2 per 10 000. HS was more common among infants of white and “other” race or ethnicity and among those with higher peak TSB levels. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for the HS Index was 0.84 (95% confidence interval 0.78–0.90). Likelihood ratios ranged from 10.1 for an HS Index ≥0.380 to 0.1 for an HS Index <0.310. Dichotomized at 0.36, the HS Index was 56% sensitive and 93% specific. Discrimination of the HS Index appeared best among infants with TSB levels <10 mg/dL.

CONCLUSIONS

The HS Index, when obtained from a CBC drawn within the first week after birth, had only modest ability to alter the probability of HS.
How Human Decision-making Biases Influence Health Outcomes in Patient Care
Authors: Sibbel Rainer , Huber Angelina
Published: August 2021

Purpose: Medical treatments and medical decision making are mostly human based and therefore in risk of being influenced by cognitive biases. The potential impact could lead to bad medical outcome, unnecessary harm or even death. The aim of this comprehensive literature study is to analyse the evidence whether healthcare professionals are biased, which biases are most relevant in medicine and how these biases may be reduced.

Approach/Findings: The results of the comprehensive literature based meta-analysis confirm on the one hand that several biases are relevant in the medical decision and treatment process. On the other hand, the study shows that the empirical evidence on the impact of cognitive biases on clinical outcome is scarce for most biases and that further research is necessary in this field.

Value/Practical Implications: Nevertheless, it is important to determine the extent to which biases in healthcare professionals translate into negative clinical outcomes such as misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis, or mistreatment. Only this way, the importance of incorporating debiasing strategies into the clinical setting, and which biases to focus on, can be properly assessed.

Research Limitations/Future Research: Though recent literature puts great emphasis on cognitive debiasing strategies, there are still very few approaches that have proven to be efficient. Due to the increasing degree of specialization in medicine, the relevance of the different biases varies.

Paper type: Theoretical.
Consumer Orientation and Competitor Awareness on Firm Performance in the Bottled Water Industry
Authors: Ichoroh James
Published: August 2021

Purpose:  To assess the Influence of strategic positioning indicators namely customer orientation and competitor awareness on firm performance in the bottled water Industry, with sector standards as a moderating variable.

Design/Method/Approach: This study adopted a quantitative methodology and cross-sectional explanatory study design of which a sample of 424 licensed bottled water firms were randomly selected. Structured questionnaires were distributed to the managers and a factor analysis was used to reduce the number of variables and establish the underlying constructs, while the analysis of moments of structures was applied to develop theory.

Findings: It was found that there exists a positive and significant relationship among consumer orientation and competitor awareness on firm performance. The moderating effect of water sector standards on consumer orientation and firm performance was found to be statistically significant and operates fully or in part as a mediating variable in predicting the influence of competitor awareness on firm performance.

Theoretical Implication: This study concluded that to enhance firms’ performance measured in terms of growth, there is need to manage and sustain consumers’ needs based on gender and age preferences, buying behavior as well as conducting market analysis and have internal capability to retaliate.

Originality/Value: This study will not only add value to the existing body of knowledge in strategic management, but will also address the application of strategic position to improve firm performance.

Research Limitations/Future Research: Since the study was quantitative, there was risk of omitted variable and nonresponse bias, limited access to performance data and lack of previous research on the subject. Future research should extend to other categories of firms which have diverse decision processes and purchase intentions amongst consumers.

Paper type: Empirical
Інвазійні чужорідні патогени як загроза глобальному біорізноманіттю
Authors: Matsiakh Iryna
Published: August 2021

Охарактеризовано особливості шляхів проникнення інвазійних патогенів і показано приклади масових пошкоджень лісів внаслідок поширення адвентивних збудників хвороб. Встановлено, що основною причиною поширення інвазійних патогенів є широкомасштабна торгівля декоративними рослинами для потреб озеленення. Вказано на причини, які призводять до пошкоджень деревних порід і подальшої суттєвої трансформації лісових екосистем під впливом інвазійних патогенів. Підкреслено недостатній рівень уваги з боку лісопатологів, науковців, практиків лісового господарства до проблеми поширення адвентивних збудників хвороб. Недостатньо уніфікованою та розробленою є термінологія щодо інвазій різних таксонів патогенних організмів. Подано характеристику основних термінів щодо інвазій та інвазійних організмів.

Охарактеризовано особливості фаз, які проходить організм, щоб набути статусу інвазійності та чинники, які сприяють успішному встановленню інвазійних патогенів на локальних, регіональних і континентальних рівнях. Переважна більшість інтродукцій лісових інвазійних видів є ненавмисними, наприклад, морфологічними структурами патогенів (спори, міцелій) які не вдається виявити під час імпорту рослин, або на упакуванні тощо.

В Україні не існує законодавчої бази, яка б регулювала на державному рівні проникнення чужорідних інвазійних видів рослин. На сьогодні діє тільки Закон України "Про карантин рослин" який містить списки: 1) карантинних організмів, відсутніх в Україні; 2) карантинних організмів, обмежено поширених в Україні; 3) регульованих некарантинних шкідливих організмів.

Глобальні зміни клімату суттєво впливають на успішність впровадження інвазійних організмів, стимулюють їх поширення і розповсюдження, а також ослаблюють рослин-господарів, що є сприятливою передумовою поширення адвентивних видів на нових територіях.
Стан і структура пралісів Українських Карпат за результатами моніторингу
Authors: Shparyk Yuriy , Losyuk Vasyl , Plyha Andrii
Published: August 2021

Нещодавні зміни у законодавстві щодо ведення лісового господарства в пралісах, квазіпралісах і природних лісах, а також постійне підвищення цікавості науковців і громадськості до лісівничих особливостей пралісових екосистем призвели до необхідності ідентифікації таких лісів та організації пралісових пам’яток природи на всій території України. Основну частину цих науково-дослідних і законотворчих робіт виконано в межах проектів ГС «Всесвітній фонд природи Україна», за даними яких вже ідентифіковано близько 100 тис. га таких лісів, але ці дані постійно оновлюються. З'ясовано, що в цих лісах з 11 головних деревних видів переважають два (бук лісовий – 58 та ялина європейська – 33%) і поширені ще два (сосна гірська – 5 та ялиця біла – 3%). Із великої кількості типів лісу (91 шт.) переважають волога чиста субучина (18%) і бучина (18%), волога чиста сусмеречина (13%), вологий смерековий субір (6%), волога буково-ялицева сусмеречина (6%) і волога смереково-ялицева субучина (5%).

Значне різноманіття типів лісу і типів деревостанів у пралісах, квазіпралісах і природних лісах, потреба в контролі за рівнем антропогенного втручання зумовили розроблення нової методики моніторингу пралісів на основі результатів їх наукових досліджень, затверджених методик моніторингу лісів та ідентифікації пралісів. Розроблену методику апробовано в 2020 р. на шести об’єктах в Українських Карпатах. Виявлено добрий стан таких лісостанів: найкращий в ялиновому пралісі, а найгірший – в ялиново-буково-ялицевому квазіпралісі, а також незначний антропогенний вплив на них (переважно інфраструктура і рекреація). Структура пралісів переважно складна і змінюється від умовно різновікового двоярусного букового квазіпралісу до різновікового чотириярусного кедрово-ялицево-ялинового пралісу.

Обґрунтовано потребу в щорічному моніторингу пралісів з наукових і созологічних позицій для контролю за їх розвитком та антропогенним втручанням у ці екосистеми.
Cláusulas adverbiales en ayoreo (zamuco). Estrategias de inclusión clausal en una lengua con tendencia paratáctica
Authors: Durante Santiago Gabriel
Published: August 2021

La lengua ayoreo (familia zamuco) muestra un muy escaso conjunto de formantes cuasi universales para codificar las cláusulas incluidas: los subordinantes «uje» y «ujetiga», que marcan también los modos realis e irrealis, respectivamente. Sin embargo, las cláusulas adverbiales muestran un proceso de especificación en el que cada tipo semántico de cláusula tiende a recibir un trato específico. En el marco de la gramática del papel y la referencia, este trabajo pretende caracterizar los distintos recursos formales que la lengua manifiesta para codificar los distintos tipos semánticos de cláusulas adverbiales. Al mostrar cómo la lengua hace uso de los marcadores cuasi universales junto con otros elementos para codificar este tipo de construcciones, este trabajo abona a la caracterización del proceso en marcha de pasaje de un sistema primordialmente paratáctico hacia uno con formas de inclusión clausal claramente determinadas.
Vowel systems of the Chibchan languages
Authors: Krohn Haakon S.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents the phonological vowel systems of 16 Chibchan languages, according to existing descriptions. Its purpose is to provide a basic and systematic overview of the vowel systems found in this family. For each language, the distinctive features needed to distinguish the vowel phonemes are discussed, as well as their phonetic realizations when this is relevant. Whereas the phoneme classification is uncontroversial for many of the languages, there are also some Chibchan languages that have been subject to very different analyses over the years; in these cases, a more thorough discussion is provided. At the end of the paper, the Chibchan vowel systems are compared from a quantitative perspective.
Inventário de autoavaliação do professor
Authors: Guerra Valeschka Martins , Castello Naiara Ferreira Vieira , Cacciari Marcella Bastos , Cintra Clarisse Lourenço
Published: August 2021

Esta pesquisa objetiva propor o Inventário de Autoavaliação do Professor, uma versão reduzida e adaptada do Teacher Behavior Checklist, apresentando evidências de validade e precisão do mesmo, além de suas associações com o bem-estar subjetivo. Participaram deste estudo 214 professores universitários, sendo 55,6% do sexo feminino e 44,4% do sexo masculino, com média de idade da amostra total de 39,21 (DP = 9,77). Estes responderam questões sociodemográficas e ocupacionais, o Inventário de Autoavaliação do Professor, a Escala de Satisfação com a Vida e a Escala de Bem-estar Afetivo no Trabalho. Análises Paralelas e Fatoriais Exploratórias sugeriram que o instrumento apresentou evidências adequadas de validade, corroborando as duas dimensões observadas originalmente, cuidado e profissionalismo, com índices de precisão aceitáveis. Cuidado apresentou correlação com os afetos positivos e Profissionalismo com as três dimensões do bem-estar. Tais resultados sugerem a adequação do instrumento para este contexto, assim como levanta possibilidades de pesquisas futuras.
Sintomas depressivos em condutores e riscos no trânsito
Authors: De Jesus Renata Carvalho Macedo , Calais Sandra Leal , Cardoso Hugo Ferrari
Published: August 2021

A depressão é um transtorno de humor que pode implicar em falta de esperança, desvalorização da própria vida e ideações suicidas. Este artigo teve como objetivo verificar a associação entre o nível de sintomas depressivos de condutores de veículos automotores e a predisposição para assumir riscos no trânsito. Participaram indivíduos habilitados em qualquer categoria, sendo 69 mulheres e 72 homens. Foram utilizados os instrumentos: Questionário de Comportamento do Condutor, Escala Baptista de Depressão Versão Adulto e Questionário Sociodemográfico. Os resultados indicaram correlação significativa e positiva entre nível de sintomatologia depressiva e predisposição para assumir riscos no trânsito (r=0,227; p<0,05). Em especial, a falta de esperança se correlacionou com uma predisposição maior para correr riscos no trânsito (r=0,192; p<0,05). A partir dos resultados são realizadas discussões e sugestões visando o aprimoramento na atuação de psicólogos que trabalham diretamente com o sistema trânsito.
Câncer de mama e homossexualidade feminina
Authors: De Souza Carolina , Dos Santos Manoel Antônio
Published: August 2021

Devido aos avanços dos tratamentos oncológicos, a sobrevida das pacientes com neoplasias mamárias tem aumentado significativamente, o que impõe a necessidade de compreender seus aspectos psicossociais. Diferenças de gênero e orientação sexual favorecem a ocorrência de desigualdades dentro dos serviços de saúde. Este estudo teve por objetivo analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional sobre variáveis relacionadas à saúde de mulheres lésbicas com câncer de mama. O levantamento bibliográfico foi realizado a partir das bases LILACS, PubMed, CINAHL e PsycINFO. Foram selecionados 20 artigos publicados entre 2007 e 2017. A análise permitiu delinear os temas: repercussões físicas e psicológicas do tratamento, enfrentamento, riscos de morbidade e mortalidade, qualidade de vida, menopausa e estudos de base populacional. A literatura explora de que modo a doença e o tratamento impactam de forma diferenciada a qualidade de vida de mulheres lésbicas acometidas por câncer de mama. Esse conhecimento é fundamental para subsidiar um cuidado sensível às necessidades dos segmentos minoritários da população.
Pelanggaran Maksim dan Strategi Pelanggaran yang Terjadi pada Dialog Aplikasi Chatbot Simsimi Bahasa Arab dan Inggris
Authors: Maulidiyah Ismi Wafda , Mardiah Zaqiatul , Ghozali Dikri Dirwatul
Published: August 2021

In the era of technology that continues to develop, the way to communicate also develops. One of them is the chatbot as a friend of human communication. This research examines a chatbot that can make users laugh or upset because of the uniqueness of its responses. That is SimSimi, an artificial intelligence. This research examines the extent of SimSimi can communicate effectively and efficiently. In answering this matter, this research analyzes in what topics the flouting maxims are mostly committed by SimSimi. The analysis process relies on the principle of cooperation Grice (1975). Further, each flouting maxims is explored about the strategy of violations that occur, by referring to the idea of ​​Cutting (2002) about the maxim violation strategy. In addition, with SimSimi's multilingual expertise, this research also compares the differences in the frequency of flouting maxims by SimSimi in Arabic and English. Therefore, this research utilizes comparative studies using qualitative methods. The conversations analyzed were 40 conversations containing 4 topics. Based on 20 Arabic conversations, there were 32 flouting maxims. As for the 20 conversations in English, there were 30 flouting maxims. This shows the comparison of the frequency of flouting maxims in Arabic and English dialogue at 16:15. As for the strategies of flouting maxims that occurred, there are 10 kinds of strategies in Arabic dialogue and 6 kinds of strategies in English dialogue. In Arabic dialogues, the topic that contains the most violations of the maxims is the topic of religion. So it is with English dialogue. The results of the research show that SimSimi in English can communicate more effectively and efficiently compared to its use in Arabic.
الأخطاء فى تعليم مهارة الكلام وحلها عند اللغة المرحلية بالمستوى الفونيمات فوق القطعية للطلاب الفصل الثامن بمدرسة محمدية ٤ المتوسطة سورابايا
Authors: Suniyah Inti Fadah , Thohir Muhammad
Published: August 2021

The difficulties in learning maharah kalam at the level of suprsegmental phonemes are found when students learn Arabic. Intonation errors, stress, and pausing. Therefore, this research was conducted to find out these mistakes and the solutions  given by teacher in SMP Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya. This research is a qualitative descriptive with the population of 8th grade student and the sampling is 8th grade C. Data collection techniques used in this research are using the method of observation, interview and questionnaire. Data analysis techniques used aredata reduction, data display, and data verification. The results showed: 1) errors in word stress were 49 errors; 2) errors in intonation were  30 errors; 3) errors at pauses were 55 errors. The solutions given by teacher with these mistakes were: 1) instructing students to repeat the dialogue to use the right intonation, stress, dan pause; 2) translating the text of theconversation and students writing the translation in their books, then the students will better understand the difference in meaning from the differences in intonation, stress, dan pause; 3) the teacher gives examples of the correct pronounciation of words according to the right intonation, stress, and pause.
الترجمة وأثرها فى حفظ الهوية
Authors: Al Hennawy Jehad Mohamad , Hajib Zainal Abidin , Fiqiyah Maskanatul
Published: August 2021

Translation is involved in human’s activity and social development and it is an international communication tool between people of different languages and cultures. The Arabs have been aware of the art of translation since ancient times. The Qur'an has discussed on the fact that people are created differently in races, ethnics, languages and customs. Translations are not exclusive to a linguistic activity based on what is said, or what is written, it also includes a complex epistemic and linguistic work. Translations are effective in spreading cultures and civilisation. Arabic language is the identity of those people who express their culture, combine their ideas, which is the indication of a nation's progress and deterioration.  Translation is a link in a chain that begins with knowledge acquisition in the first language and ends with culture, through the construction of the intellectual system and the strengthening of its individual and social identity. From the above statement, we are confident that translation plays a vital role in the process of adaptation between different nations and civilizations, as this is still the most sucessful way to integrate one civilisation with another and vice versa; This has played an effective role in the progress of nations, and creates dialogues between different ideas, working to bridge the gap between different civilisations and nations, and strive to expand ideology and develop identity whilst preserving it from deterioration.