bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KEPRIBADIAN TOKOH TODOROKI SHOUTO DALAM KOMIK “BOKU NO HERO ACADEMIA” VOLUME 3-5 KARYA KOHEI HORIKOSHI KAJIAN PSIKOANALISIS
Authors: Prayogo Dimas Catur , Nugroho Rahadiyan Duwi
Published: July 2023

Penelitian ini mengkaji tentang kepribadian tokoh Todoroki Shouto dalam komik Boku no Hero Academia karya Kohei Horikoshi. Komik ini menceritakan tentang Todoroki Shouto yang memiliki karakter yang istimewa, menonjol dengan rambut putih dan merahnya, serta warna mata hijau kebiruan dan abu-abunya. Dia memiliki quirk (kekuatan super) api pada sisi kirinya dan es pada sisi kanannya yang didapatkan dari keturunan kedua orang tuanya. Todoroki bukanlah orang yang ramah dan terkesan dingin. Todoroki memiliki banyak luka emosional karena cara Ayahnya yang memanfaatkan Todoroki untuk keinginan pribadinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan psikoanalisis milik Sigmund Freud. Sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Boku no Hero Academia volume 3-5 karya Kohei Horikoshi. Hasil penelitian telah ditemukan ego Todoroki dapat memenuhi id dari Todoroki yang besar. Namun, superego masih belum bekerja sempurna mengendalikan id dari Todoroki. Dari hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa Todoroki yang seharusnya dapat mengontrol dirinya untuk tidak membenci Ayahnya dan memaafkan Ayahnya. Tetapi, id dari Todoroki sangat kuat, sehingga dapat mengontrol ego Todoroki untuk membenci ayahnya pada masa anak-anaknya sampai Todoroki bertemu dengan Midoriya.

Kata kunci: Kepribadian; Komik; Psikoanalisis
Women are human too, but not according to the internet
Authors: Bailey April
Published: July 2023

Men and women are each about half the population. Recent studies revealed that according to billions of words on the internet, people think of a “human” more as a man than a woman. Such gender bias in our collective understanding of a “human” may privilege men, and might create costs and risks for others.
Introducing the Micronova
Authors: Scaringi Simone
Published: July 2023

Novae have been observed for centuries in the night sky, unveiling just how dynamic our Universe can be. Our recent observations have revealed rapid and energetic bursts of light lasting tens of hours or less from some accreting white dwarfs. Although yet to be established, the mechanism triggering these events may be similar to novae, but one million times less energetic: a micronova.
Bullous Eruption after Off-label Use of Topical Tirbanibulin on the Chest
Authors: Kim Jessica , Neita Onyebuchi , Dyer Joseph M.
Published: July 2023

Tirbanibulin 1% ointment (Klisyri), an FDA-approved topical treatment for actinic keratosis, is advertised to serve as a first-in-class topical with high efficacy and low adverse effects compared to other field therapies. We report a case of severe bullous eruption associated with application of tirbanibulin in an adult female. Though application of tirbanibulin did resolve the actinic keratoses on the patient’s chest, the severe local skin reaction precludes future use of tirbanibulin in her case.
The JAK-Cytokine Interface – A Review and Update on Prospective Clinical Considerations
Authors: Hashemi David , Bhatia Neal
Published: July 2023

Janus kinases (JAKs) are non-receptor tyrosine kinases that work together with signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) proteins to form the JAK/STAT pathway. Together, this pathway is responsible for mediating a wide range of downstream cytokines and growth factors, and inhibition of various components of this pathway has been a major area of research focus in recent years. Each of the major enzymes of the family – which include JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2) – or combinations of JAKs is responsible for its own set of most strongly-associated inflammatory mediators, and inhibition of specific JAKs or combination of JAKs can therefore also potentially allow for modulation of specific inflammatory factors and their associated conditions. To date, JAK inhibitors have particularly been studied in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (felt to be primarily driven by IL-4, IL-13, and IL-5), psoriasis (IL-12/IL-23), alopecia areata (IL-2, IL-15, and IFN-γ), and vitiligo (IL-15 and IFN-γ), given that these factors can all be found downstream of specific JAK/STAT pathways as shown in Figure 1. By providing a concise review of the inflammatory factors affected by each JAK, this article aims to support clinicians as they engage in the ever-growing body of research around the use of JAK inhibitors for potential treatment of dermatologic conditions.
A Randomised Controlled Study of Topical Benzoyl Peroixde with Oral Doxycycline Versus Topical Benzoyl Peroxide with Oral Lymecycline in Acne Vulgaris
Authors: Ponnurangam Rekha Gurunatham , Ramasamy Sindhuja , Venu Sridhar , Vijayananth Jayakalyani
Published: July 2023

Background: Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disease of pilosebaceous unit, which has a variable course, with acute or insidious onset, relapses and recurrences. It is one of the commonest disease of patients attending the dermatology clinic. Tetracyclines are the most common oral antibiotic  prescribed for acne vulgaris.
Aims: Our study aims to compare the efficacy of  topical 2.5% Benzoyl peroxide gel (BPO) with oral Doxycycline versus topical 2.5% Benzoyl peroxide gel with oral Lymecycline  in the treatment of acne vulgaris.
Methods:  The study included 100 patients with acne vulgaris divided into two groups of 50 each. Group A were treated with topical 2.5% Benzoyl peroxide gel once daily application at night and capsule Doxycycline 100mg twice a day and Group B were treated with topical 2.5% Benzoyl Peroxide gel once daily application at night and capsule Lymecycline 408 mg once a day for 12 weeks.  The primary assessment was  done using Indian Association of Acne (IAA) grading at baseline and then every fortnight till 12 weeks. Patients were followed up for another 12 weeks after completion of the study.
Results: The gradewise distribution of acne based upon IAA grading among both the groups were compared. Chi square test and p value for all 3 grades of acne at baseline, 2week, 4 week, 6 week, 8 week, 10 week, 12 week showed statistical improvement among patients in group B at 2, 8 and 10 weeks with p value being 0.01,0.01 and 0.007 respectively.
Conclusions: From our study it is evident that  Lymecycline is superior to Doxycycline, with much statistical significance among moderate to severe acne.
Understanding the Factors Associated with US Dermatology Resident Trainees' Diagnostic Confidence and Skill for Skin of Color Pathology
Authors: Jeanfreau Alissa , Beiter Kaylin , Hilton Deborah
Published: July 2023

Background: Inequities in dermatologic health outcomes translate to worsened clinical outcomes for minority groups. For example, despite a lower incidence of skin cancer overall, African Americans are diagnosed at later stages with greater degrees of lymph node involvement. This has been shown to lead to disproportionate mortality when compared to lighter skinned individuals.  Medical education materials contain a significantly lower percentage of skin of color (SOC) images than of lighter skin and research has indicated lower diagnostic accuracy of dermatologic conditions in darker skin by U.S. medical students. The objective of this study was to explore U.S. resident dermatologists’ ability to accurately identify skin pathology among SOC patients verus lighter skin to potentially identify gaps in training that may contribute to this disproportionate morbidity and mortality.
Methods: A cross-sectional electronic REDCap survey open to all U.S. dermatology residents asked participants their basic demographics (e.g., level of training, racial and ethnic identity) and program characteristics (e.g., geographical location, proportion of patients by Fitzpatrick type, presence of a dedicated SOC clinic). This data was correlated with participant visual diagnostic accuracy on a 22-item multiple choice quiz (images selected by a senior academic dermatologist) of characteristic nonmalignant and malignant conditions in lighter skin and SOC.
Results: Residents preferentially misdiagnosed malignant lesions in SOC over lighter skin (p <.0001) and preferentially misdiagnosed malignant lesions in SOC over nonmalignant lesions in SOC (p <.001). None of the residents’ basic demographic or program characteristic variables had significant relationships with any assessment of performance.
Conclusion: Dermatologists should maintain a high clinical suspicion for malignant conditions in patients with darker skin types, given that these lesions are the most preferentially misdiagnosed and the fact that these lesions carry higher risks for morbidity and mortality. Dermatology residency programs should instill efforts to emphasize correct detection of malignant lesions amongst those with skin of color.
Beware of the “Blue Nevus”: A Case Report
Authors: Thacker Shivani , Chakkalakal Mincy , Goldstein Zachary , Macknet Kenneth Dale
Published: July 2023

We report a case of a malignant melanoma clinically mimicking a blue nevus. The patient presented for evaluation of a “seborrheic keratosis” status post cryotherapy that clinically resembled a blue nevus albeit with concerning clinical course prompting biopsy. Histopathologic examination revealed malignant melanoma in association with a melanocytic nevus to include areas resembling tumoral melanosis which likely contributed to clinical presentation. We conclude this report with a brief review on the topic of melanoma masquerading as benign lesions (e.g., blue nevus), underscoring the importance of clinical history and histological examination in the evaluation of this entity.
Dermal Irritation, Sensitization, and Safety of Fixed-Dose Triple-Combination Clindamycin Phosphate 1.2%/Benzoyl Peroxide 3.1%/Adapalene 0.15% Gel in Healthy Participants
Authors: Draelos Zoe , Tanghetti Emil , Stein Gold Linda , Kircik Leon , Bhatia Neal , Zeichner Joshua , Sugarman Jeffrey
Published: July 2023

Introduction: IDP-126 polymeric mesh gel (clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/benzoyl peroxide [BPO] 3.1%/adapalene 0.15%) is the first triple-combination, fixed-dose topical acne product in development and it addresses major acne pathophysiological processes. IDP-126 demonstrated superior efficacy to vehicle and component dyads, with good safety/tolerability in a phase 2 study of participants with moderate-to-severe acne. The objectives of this study were to assess dermal irritation/sensitization and safety of IDP-126 gel in two phase 1 studies and to compare irritancy of IDP-126 gel and commercially available BPO 2.5%/adapalene 0.3% gel in one phase 1 study of healthy participants.

Methods: Two phase 1, randomized, evaluator-blinded, within-participant, dermal safety studies enrolled healthy participants aged ≥18 years (N=234, repeat insult patch test [RIPT]; N=45, cumulative irritation patch test [CIPT]). Patches were applied to the upper back multiple times over 6-8 weeks (RIPT) or every 24 hours for 21 days (CIPT). Patches contained: IDP-126 gel, vehicle gel, saline 0.9% (RIPT/CIPT), sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) 0.5% (CIPT), or branded BPO 2.5%/adapalene 0.3% gel (CIPT). Participants in each study received all treatments. Endpoints comprised sensitization potential (RIPT), mean cumulative/total irritation scores, and treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Results: Overall, irritation with IDP-126 was moderate and not clinically significant. CIPT: IDP-126 was “moderately irritating” (mean score: 1.29), which was significantly less irritating than BPO/adapalene (1.96; P<0.001), statistically similar to SLS (1.17), and more irritating than saline or vehicle (~0.30; P<0.001). RIPT: no participants had investigator-confirmed sensitization to any treatments. In both studies, no TEAEs were related to treatment.

Conclusions: In two phase 1 studies, fixed-dose, triple-combination clindamycin phosphate 1.2%/ BPO 3.1%/adapalene 0.15% polymeric mesh gel had moderate irritancy and no confirmed sensitization in healthy participants. Additionally, IDP-126 demonstrated significantly less irritation versus commercially available, branded BPO 2.5%/adapalene 0.3% gel. IDP-126 demonstrated good safety/tolerability, mirroring the phase 2 study results.

 

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Monthly Usage of Efinaconazole 10% Solution in Two Phase 3 Randomized Trials: Is One 4-mL Bottle Enough for Proper Treatment?
Authors: Feldman Steven , Vlahovic Tracey , Joseph Warren , Daniel C Ralph , Elewski Boni , Rich Phoebe , Lipner Shari
Published: July 2023

Introduction: In onychomycosis management, excellent treatment adherence is necessary, and requires adequate medication supply. Efinaconazole 10% topical solution is available in 4- or 8-mL bottles; lacking published guidance, 4 mL is most often prescribed. The objective of this analysis was to use clinical data to determine monthly efinaconazole usage by patient demographics and clinical characteristics.

Methods: In two identical, double-blind, phase 3 studies, adult participants with mild-to-moderate onychomycosis affecting 20-50% of ≥1 great (target) toenail were randomized 3:1 to once-daily treatment with efinaconazole 10% solution or vehicle for 48 weeks. Bottles of study product were weighed upon dispensation at each study visit (every 4 weeks) and upon return at the following visit. Monthly at-home efinaconazole use was analyzed post hoc based on number of affected toenails, percent involvement of the target toenail, body mass index (BMI), and sex.

Results: Efinaconazole-treated participants in both studies (n=656 and 580) had on average 3.7-3.8 affected toenails. Among those with usage data (n=1067), over 55% had ≥4 affected toenails. For the 90% of participants with ≥2 affected nails, average usage ranged from 4.39-6.36 mL/month, corresponding to 1.10-1.59 4-mL bottles; only the 10% of participants with one affected toenail used <4 mL of efinaconazole monthly. Additional subgroup analyses revealed no meaningful differences in efinaconazole usage based on target toenail involvement, BMI, or sex; average medication use was 4.69-5.29 mL/month, corresponding to 1.17-1.32 4-mL bottles monthly.

Conclusions: Given that the 4-mL bottle of efinaconazole is most commonly prescribed, patients with onychomycosis of ≥2 toenails will likely run out of medication in under a month. This can lead to gaps in onychomycosis treatment, which may affect medication efficacy and increase likelihood of relapse or reinfection. The number of affected nails should be the major consideration when determining the monthly efinaconazole quantity to prescribe.

Funding: Ortho Dermatologics
Solid Lipid Nanoparticle-based Gel to Enhance Topical Delivery for Acne Treatment
Authors: TD Nandgude , PS Parakhe , VC Patole
Published: July 2023

The aim of the present study was to investigate the treatment of acne and pimples by formulating Terminalia chebula-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) based gel. Methanolic extract of T. chebula is loaded into SLN by single emulsification - Solvent evaporation method followed by ultrasonication. Box-Behnken Design was employed for the optimization of the formulation. The goal was to produce SLN with the highest %entrapment efficiency while also reducing particle size. Particle size (Y1) and entrapment efficiency (Y2) were significantly affected by a few factors, including the amount of lipid, the concentration of the surfactant, and the time of the sonication, which is considered as a critical factor during the optimization of SLN. The average particle size T. chebula-loaded SLNs decreased with increasing concentration of surfactant. The SLNs particle size of (201 nm) with a polydispersity index of (0.342) was obtained at significant concentration of lipid and surfactant. High entrapment efficiency of SLN’s 70.11% revealed the ability of SLNs to incorporate a high quantity of T. chebula. Further, When TC loaded SLN incorporated into carbopol 934 Gel, it showed initial burst release followed by a sustained release at 8 hour time span. Carbopol 934 increases the contact time of formulation via the topical route.
Development and Validation of RP-HPLC Method for Simultaneous Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride and Gliclazide in Bulk and Tablet Formulation
Authors: Patel S , Soni P , Omray LK
Published: July 2023

The current study’s goal was to develop and validate an easy-to-use, highly-sensitive HPLC approach for simultaneously quantifying metformin and gliclazide in dosage forms on a single chromatographic run. Water symmetry Shield RP 8 column, 250 mm x 4.6 mm x 5 m, detection wavelength of 230 nm, mobile phase of buffer of pH 2.5 adjusted with orthophosporic acid and 1-mL triethylamine and methanol in a gradient programme for 25 minutes at 1.0-mL/min flow rate, 10 L injection volume, and 25 °C column temperature were the chromatographic conditions that were used. Retention times for metformin and gliclazide were found to be 2.23 and 14.88 minutes, respectively. According to ICH criteria, the method’s accuracy, precision, and resilience were evaluated.
Box–Behnken Design Based Optimization of Process Variables for the Green Synthesis of 18-Beta–Glycyrrhetinic Acid Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of its Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Kujur Adeep , Daharwal Sanjay J.
Published: July 2023

Using 18-beta-glycyrrhetinic acid, a well-known component of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra Lin.), the current study offers a unique rapid ecological & simple approach of biologically synthesizing of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). To synthesise stable silver nanoparticles via a biological reduction technique, a methanolic stock solution of 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid was produced and used as capping and reducing agent. The approach was methodically optimized using response surface analysis (RSA) based Box-Behnken design (BBD), taking into account influence of parameters like as silver nitrate (AgNO3) concentration, incubation time and temperature on response. RSA was utilized to determine the association among factors and the responses by mathematical modelling with a quadratic polynomial model. AgNO3 (1mM), 55°C, and 5 hours incubation were optimal. 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid methanolic stock solution can convert silver ions (Ag+) into silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in 5 hours at 55°C. Biosynthesized and optimized AgNPs have an SPR absorption peak at 419 nm in their UV spectra. 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid reduced and capped silver ions according to FTIR spectroscopy. XRD showed AgNPs’ crystallinity. SEM revealed spherical elemental silver with particle size of 100 nm. Average particle size, PDI & Zeta were 83.36 nm, 0.462 and -35.4mV, respectively, at 100% intensity. Silver nanoparticles (GAAgNPs) are stable. DPPH experiment showed substantial antioxidant activity in GAAgNPs compared to ascorbic acid. At 10 μg/mL, AgNPs showed utmost region of inhibition of 15 and 14 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Finally, the synthesized AgNPs and their quality components have strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity, indicating that this research can be used to formulate useful biomedical goods.
Significance of Blink Reflex as a Neurophysiological Marker of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Izzat Sulaf E. , Saeed Ghassan T.
Published: July 2023

Background: The cranial neuropathies incidence is higher in diabetic patients in comparison to healthy people. The III and VII cranial nerves are commonly affected, but trigeminal, glossopharyngeal, and vagus nerves are also affected. The blink reflex is a measure of the cranial and CNS conduction pathways. Method: The study included a group of 60 diabetic patients compared with 60 healthy individuals (non-diabetic) without any pain, paresthesia, or weakness in either limb. Objective: This research aims to assess the significance of the blink reflex in the early detection of cranial neuropathy in diabetic patients, as well as to compare the blink reflex abnormalities in diabetic patients with HbA1c, length of DM, and sural nerve amplitude. Results: A significant statistical difference between the cases and control was for (R.1) latency, (I.R.2) latency, (C.R.2) latency, (I.R.2) duration, and (C.R.2) duration with a p-value <0.001. No statically significant correlation was found between the duration of diabetes mellitus and the blink reflex parameters. Regarding HbA1c, a significant positive association with (I.R.2) latency and (C.R.2) latency was noted (r = 0.3, p-value <0.001), and also a strong negative correlation association was found with (I.R.2) duration and (C.R.2) duration (p-value <0.001). Sural nerve amplitude correlated negatively with blink reflex latencies and positively with blink reflex duration Conclusion: The blink reflex test is an effective tool for diagnosing cranial neuropathy in individuals with diabetes without clinical symptoms or proof of CNS damage.
Impact of Carboxymethylation of Albizia procera Gum on Rheological Changes and Drug Release from Matrix Tablets
Authors: Mukherjee Sudipta , SA Biswanath , Khanam Jasmina , Karmakar Sanmoy , Bhowmik Rudranil
Published: July 2023

The use of carbohydrate polymers in pharmaceutical formulations as drug delivery carriers has gained significant interest from many perspectives. As an exudate of the Albizia tree, Albizia procera (Mimosaceae), a carbohydrate polymer, is used as an excipient to develop sustained-release drug delivery systems, owing to its biocompatibility and biodegradability. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of carboxymethylation of A. procera gum on rheological properties and drug release from the matrix tablet formulations. The study also revealed the comparative characterization of the native form of A. procera (NAP) as well as the carboxymethylated A. procera (CMAP). The rheological assessments of both polymers under different pH divulged the flow behavior, linear viscoelasticity (LVE), structural deformation, and gel network formation. The drug release from NAP and CMAP matrices of various formulations were evaluated and established correlations with rheology.
Statistical Design based on Response Surface Methodology to Optimize the Production of a Yellow Pigment by Streptomyces thinghirensis AF7
Authors: Al-Tekreeti Afnan R. A. , Luti Khalid J. K.
Published: July 2023

Although its wide utilization in microbial cultures, the one factor-at-a-time method, failed to find the true optimum, this is due to the interaction between optimized parameters which is not taken into account. Therefore, in order to find the true optimum conditions, it is necessary to repeat the one factor-at-a-time method in many sequential experimental runs, which is extremely time-consuming and expensive for many variables. This work is an attempt to enhance bioactive yellow pigment production by Streptomyces thinghirensis based on a statistical design. The yellow pigment demonstrated inhibitory effects against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and was characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy which showed lambda maximum of 449. The FTIR and GC-MS analysis showed that the colorings in this type of product are due to the presence of chromo peptides. Furthermore, the GC-MS measurement determined the presence of 4 compounds, as it gave 4 different retention times within this yellow pigment, but with different percentages, except for the compound BHT when the retention time was 17.86 minutes. Starch casein broth (SCB) was selected as an optimized medium for yellow pigment production. The optimization process was first started with one factor at time method, revealing that maltose and casein were the best carbon and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology based on central composite design was conducted to obtain the optimal combinations of maltose and casein concentrations, pH, and inoculum size for maximum production of yellow pigment. The results showed that casein was the most effective parameter with F-value 393.1 and the model exhibited good fitting with a correlation coefficient of 0.946. Moreover, the actual maximum yellow pigment product 0.80 nm which aggregated with a predicted value 0.835 nm at maltose concentration 8 g/L, casein 5 g/L, KNO3 0.01 g/L, pH 6 and inoculum size 5%.
Formulation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Ointment from Acacia auriculiformis Leaves Extract
Authors: Telrandhe Umesh B. , Galat Laxman G. , Chavan Shailesha D. , Kamble Manish A. , Gunde Mahendra C. , Khirsagar Rajeshwar V.
Published: July 2023

The current experiment aims to create and test an ointment with an ethanolic extract from Acacia auriculiformis for antimicrobial action. The soxhalation procedure was used to create the ethanolic extract. After producing the ointment base, five batches of ointments were created by incorporating the extract into the base. Physical and chemical properties of each formulation, including color, flavor, pH, spreadability, consistency, solubility, and washability, were assessed. The formulation’s stability at different temperature conditions was also assessed, and the results show that neither its irritancy nor its spreadability has changed. F5 was discovered to be the ideal formulation among the ointment batches. It has a larger zone of inhibition over both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.
Dispersion of Listeria monocytogenes Biofilms in Raw Milk by Chlorogenic Acid and Phloridzin as Phenolic Compounds Extracted from Apples
Authors: Al-Jassani Mohammad J. , Hassan Zahraa F. , Ridha Hussein S. H. , Radhi Lamyaa Y. , Hamood Sarah A.
Published: July 2023

The development and spread of biofilms in the dairy sector are problematic because they increase cross-contamination, which reduces product safety and shelf life. This study’s goal was to use phenolic chemicals derived from apple fruit to limit the growth of biofilms. So, 12 Listeria monocytogenes isolates were isolated out of 40 samples of raw milk from buffalo, cows, sheep, and goats. Most of the strongest biofilm producers were isolated from sheep and gout. Water: methanol (20:60 v/v) for 20 minutes at 40°C resulted in the highest total phenol content values with 37 mg. The methanol extract of apples had significant quantities of chlorogenic acid and phloridzin by chromatographic analysis with HPLC. After 24 hours, the proportion of biofilm inhibition was 44 to 77%; the inhibitory activity grew as phenolic component concentration increased. The proportion of inhibition for L. monocytogenes isolates from sheep and goats was highest, whereas the percentage for isolates from cows was lowest.
Response of Patients with Acromegaly to Long-acting Octreotide with regard to Regression of Pituitary Adenoma, Growth Hormone and Insulin-like Growth Factor-1
Authors: Kadhim Hesham I. , Obaid Anwer T. , Rahmah Abbas M.
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Acromegaly is a rare endocrine disease; its treatment is surgical (Hypophysectomy). However, somatostatin analogs represent another modality of therapy in addition to deep X-ray therapy as a third, option. The aim of the study is to find out the response of patients with acromegaly to octreotide as reflected on regression of adenoma size, insulin-like growth factor (IGF), and growth hormone (GH) by studying the medical records of many patients with acromegaly. Method: A total of 80 patients with acromegaly are enrolled in the study from July/2019 to April/2020. Their age range (20–72 years). They are 47 men and 33 women. Their selection was based on their visits to NDC on the basis of prescheduled appointments to be given their monthly injections of long-acting octreotide (LAR) and to be examined clinically plus conducting various types of hormonal studies and biochemical workups to assess their response to treatment on the following parameters: Adenoma size, IGF-1 and GH and its correlation with octreotide dose. Results: It is a cross-sectional comparative clinical trial study of 80 patients with acromegaly. Mean of age was 46.7 ± 12.4 years’, and their age range (20–72 year) minimum and maximum-year-old. Mean duration of taking drug was 8 ± 6.7 years. The mean of total LRA injection was (1073.6 ± 666.2 mg). 58.75% of patients were male while 41.25% were female. 46.25% of patients do not have transsphenoidal direct surgery, but 46.25% undergo one surgery, 7.5% undergo two transsphenoidal hypophysectomies. 87.5% of patients have no gamma knife while 12.5% have gamma knife radiosurgery. Conclusion: Acromegaly is a multi systemic disease that should be diagnosed and treated as early as possible to prevent complications and improve mortality rates.
Deformable Lipid Vesicular Colloidal Carriers: A Paradigm Shift in Vaginal Drug Delivery
Authors: Goel Sahil , Thakur Ankita , Bassi Pallavi , Kumar Parveen , Chatterjee Arindam , Sharma Omprakash
Published: July 2023

Vaginal drug delivery is a promising route. However, conventional formulations are leaky with low residence time and tissue permeation. Deformable lipid vesicular carriers (DLVC) formulated with lipidic vehicles like phospholipids are a propitious approach. Besides improving drug solubility, stability and encapsulation, DLVC can penetrate deeply into mucosal layers, leading to bioavailability enhancement. Scientific research suggests better penetration of DLVC is due to their elastic and deformable membrane. This review provides an overview on the DLVC with special emphasis on transferosomes. The formulation aspects, advantages, mechanism of penetration, method of preparation and applications have been discussed.
Therapeutic Potential of Schiff and Mannich Bases of 2-Substituted Benzimidazole Analogues
Authors: Babbar Ritchu , . Swikriti , Arora Sandeep , Singh Thakur G.
Published: July 2023

Heterocyclic scaffolds reveal extensive biological profiles, and several drugs were employed therapeutically which possess heterocyclic framework. Likewise, 2-substituted benzimidazoles play a significant role in novel drug development. In addition, Mannich and schiff base derivatives of benzimidazole acknowledged them as favorable anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anticancer, anthelmintic, antiviral scaffolds. Schiff bases in innumerable organic reactions show affirmative catalytic activity. The current scenario also emphasizes the spectacular activity displayed by schiff bases in the biochemical, coordination and analytical industry. Similarly, aminoalkyl reactions are revealed by mannich bases as they enclose amino alkyl chain which is imperative for its therapeutic action. Mannich bases are the products of nucleophilic addition reaction with the elimination of hydrogen atom of the amine radical for its biological venture. From the latest era, the efficacy of mannich bases as ligands and in the petroleum and leather industry were perceptible. The entire review expounds the therapeutic profile of mannich and schiff bases of 2-substituted benzimidazoles as competent biologically dynamic hybrids. Neoteric analogues of mannich and schiff bases of 2-substituted benzimidazoles with their patents in diverse fields have also been summarized.
Developed and Validated RP-HPLC Method for Concurrent Analysis of Some Cardiovascular Drugs
Authors: Pawar Vijaykumar , More Harinath
Published: July 2023

Objective: An ICH-compliant RP-HPLC approach was created and validated in order to measure the concentrations of HCTZ and LIS in bulk and mixed medicinal dosage forms. This procedure was subsequently submitted for certification. Methods: Column, a Phenomenex Luna C18(2) (250 x 4.6 mm, 5μ) with a Methanol: Formic acid (30:70) mobile phase, a flow rate is kept as 01 mL/min, the wavelength of detection was 215 nm, and a used detector was PDA. Results: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ)) and lisinopril (LIS) both had linear calibration curves (r2 = 0.9973 and 0.9983, respectively) for the ranges of concentration 4.0 to 6.0 and 10.0 to 15.0 μg/mL. The proposed technique eluted LIS in 3.97 minutes and hydrochlorothiazide in 4.53 minutes. Lisinopril had a recovery rate of 99.31 to 99.83%, whereas hydrochlorothiazide had a recovery rate of 100.75 to 101.16%. At 1.22 and 0.31 μg/mL, respectively, HCTZ as well as LIS had the lowest detectable values. It was found that the LoQs for lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide were 0.97 and 3.75 μg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: It was found that the current RP-HPLC technique is reliable, simple to use, accurate, linear, efficient, and rapid. With a shorter analysis period, this method offers better resolution between the two compounds. Therefore, there is sufficient evidence to include the approach in regular lisinopril and hydrochlorothiazide analysis in a variety of pharmaceutical companies and academic institutions.
Design, Development and Characterization of Econazole loaded Nanoparticles for Topical Application
Authors: Ahmad Sufiyan , Patil Khushabu , Koli Ganaraj , Rahman Bakhshi A. , Barde Lokesh , Deshpande Mahesh , Tare Harshal
Published: July 2023

Background and Objectives: Econazole nitrate (ECN) loaded nanoparticles with topical administration were the focus of the current study, which aimed to improve the topical efficacy of the medicine in treating fungal infections while also mitigating the drug’s gastrointestinal (GI) side effects. Further colloidal carrier methodology was employed as a method for the topical administration of medications with precision. Method: The emulsification-diffusion (E-D) method is an alternate approach for preparing nanogels that avoids the toxicitysolvent issues associated with the emulsification-evaporation technique. Its ease of use, enhanced stability, and adaptability have all been verified by a variety of research groups. ECN loaded with dichloromethane in stabilizer solution, formulated by high-speed homogenization at elevated pressure. The addition of aqueous phase with repeated homogenization cycles causes drug diffusion into nanogels. Further addition of mannitol as cryoprotectant and Carbapol 940 as gelling agent stabiles the formulation. Results: The typical size of the particles, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential were all measured with the use of the Malvern zetasizer. Of the five NFs, the lyophilized batch of NF3 exhibited the lowest zeta potential (-11.6 mV) and the PDI (0.208), indicating that the composition was stable. DSC and XRD analysis revealed an amorphous transformation of ECN. The scanning electron micrograph demonstrated discrete, roundish particles. The existence, viscosity, and spreading ability of a gelled dispersion of the selected NLCs were evaluated. Total od 77% of the medication was released in-vitro from a chosen formulation of ECN-loaded nanogels. As a result, it is reasonable to assume that ECN-loaded nanogels are an effective drug delivery system for treating fungal infections since they prolong the duration of drug release. Conclusion: Under degraded conditions, there are not any peaks that conflict with one another. As a result, a technique was developed that is highly applicable due to its sensitivity, strength, accuracy, and demonstration of stability.
Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma: A rare and aggressive cancer of the oral cavity
Authors: Viswanath S. A. M. Dharshan , Ramya C. V. , Priyadharshini K. Indra
Published: July 2023

Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) is an uncommon and severe variant of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The tumor arises most commonly in the region of the head-and-neck. It is normally seen in the epiglottis, pyriform fossa, and the base of the tongue. It also occurs less frequently in areas like the palate, buccal mucosa, gingiva and the floor of mouth. Once compared to SCC, BSCC is documented for its aggressiveness in the head-and-neck area, along with its recurrence in local and cervical lymph nodes for its distant metastasis to the lungs. In addition, local lymph nodes are more common in regular recurrence rates. BSCC in the head and neck is more likely to spread to other parts of the body. It has an increased tendency to metastasize when compared with other tumors. We report a rare case of a BSCC arising in the buccal mucosa in a 65-year-old male patient and explain its clinicopathologic characteristics.
Kurumsal sosyal sorumluluk kavramının bibliyometrik analizi: 2017-2021 dönemine bir bakış
Authors: AKMAN Abdullah Zübeyr , ERDİRENCELEBİ Meral
Published: July 2023

Bu çalışma, Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk (KSS) anahtar kavramı üzerinden, SCOPUS veri tabanı kullanılarak 2017-2021 yıllarını kapsayan bir bibliyometrik çalışmadır. Çalışmanın amacı KSS alanında gerçekleştirilen son 5 yıldaki çalışmalara bilimsel açıdan bir ışık tutmak, mevcut bilimsel üretimin ilerlemesini sağlamak ve bu alanda çalışma yapacak bilim insanlarını destekleyici bilgiler ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda yöntem olarak bibliyometrik analiz tercih edilmiştir. Analizler VOSviewer 1.6.18 programı üzerinden gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç olarak en çok makale 1233 adet ile 2020 yılında yazılmış ve en üretken ülke ABD olmuştur. Yine en üretken yazar García-Sánchez, en üretken dergi Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management’tir. Anahtar kelime olarak en çok “Kurumsal Sosyal Sorumluluk” kavramı ön plana çıkmıştır. En üretken kurum “Hong Kong Polytechnic University”, en çok atıf alan yazar Lins, en çok birlikte atıf alan yazar Carroll ve en çok atıf alan makale de Lins ve ark.’nın 2017 yılında yazdıkları makale olmuştur.
Computing the quantumguesswork: a quadratic assignment problem
Authors: Dall'Arno Michele , Buscemi Francesco , Koshiba Takeshi
Published: July 2023

The quantum guesswork quantifies the minimum number of queries needed to guess the state of a quantum ensemble if one is allowed to query only one state at a time. Previous approaches to the computation of the guesswork were based on standard semi-definite programming techniques and therefore lead to approximated results. In contrast, we show that computing the quantum guesswork of qubit ensembles with uniform probability distribution corresponds to solving a quadratic assignment problem and we provide an algorithm that, upon the input of any qubit ensemble over a discrete ring, after finitely many steps outputs the exact closed-form expression of its guesswork. While in general the complexity of our guesswork-computing algorithm is factorial in the number of states, our main result consists of showing a more-than-quadratic speedup for symmetric ensembles, a scenario corresponding to the three-dimensional analog of the maximization version of the turbine-balancing problem. To find such symmetries, we provide an algorithm that, upon the input of any point set over a discrete ring, after finitely many steps outputs its exact symmetries. The complexity of our symmetries-finding algorithm is polynomial in the number of points. As examples, we compute the guesswork of regular and quasi-regular sets of qubit states.
Effect of Sterically Protective Groups on the Aromaticity of Fully Unsaturated Oligoquinanes
Authors: Zhuang Junpeng , Plunkett Kyle , Wang Lichang
Published: July 2023

Oligoquinane derivatives have unique aromatic properties, which dictate the stability of the molecules and their potential applications in various devices. Due to the challenge in their synthesis, systematic studies of these molecules are still lacking. In this work, we perform density function theory and nucleus-independent chemical shift (NICS) calculations on 24 oligoquinane derivatives that are composed of two, four, five, and six five-membered rings. Pentaquinane without any protection groups was predicted to be aromatic and stable. It would be interesting to synthesize the molecule and carry out further electronic and optical measurements. Among introducing various protection groups to the bare oligoquinanes, single bond protection was found to be the least effective in the change of aromaticity of oligoquinane. In the protection of benzene rings, aromaticity change depends on the configuration of the molecule formed. HOMO-LUMO energy gap and UV-Vis absorption also depends on the molecular shape. The results show the potential application of the oligoquinanes as they can be diversely tuned for specific applications, and therefore is worthy of future studies.
Real-time single-molecule monitoring and control of nanoparticle formation
Authors: Guo Yujie , Walter Vivien , Vanuytsel Steven , Parperis Christopher , Sengel Jason , Weatherill Eve , Wallace Mark
Published: July 2023

Methods capable of controlling synthesis at the level of an individual nanoparticle are a key step towards improved reproducibility and scalability in engineering complex nanomaterials. To address this, we combine spatially-patterned activation of the photoreductant sodium pyruvate with interferometric scattering microscopy to achieve fast, label-free monitoring and control of hundreds of gold nanoparticles in real-time. Individual particle growth kinetics are well-described by two-step nucleation autocatalysis model, but with a distribution of individual rate constants that changes with reaction conditions.
Geometry Optimization: A Comparison of Different Open-Source Geometry Optimizers
Authors: Shajan Akhil , Manathunga Madushanka , Goetz Andreas , Merz Kenneth
Published: July 2023

Based on a series of energy minimizations with starting structures obtained from the Baker test set of 30 organic molecules, a comparison is made between various open- source geometry optimization codes that are interfaced with the open-source QUantum Interaction Computational Kernel (QUICK) program for gradient and energy calcula- tions. The findings demonstrate how the choice of the coordinate system influences the optimization process to reach an equilibrium structure. With fewer steps, internal co- ordinates outperform Cartesian coordinates while the choice of the initial Hessian and Hessian update method in quasi-Newton approaches made by different optimization al- gorithms also contributes to the rate of convergence. Furthermore, an available open- source machine learning method based on Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) was evaluated for energy minimizations over surrogate potential energy surfaces with both Cartesian and internal coordinates, with internal coordinates outperforming Cartesian. Overall, geomeTRIC, ASE, and DL-FIND with their default optimization method as well as with GPR-based model using Hartree–Fock theory with the 6-31G** basis set, needed a comparable number of geometry optimization steps to the approach of Baker using a unit matrix as the initial Hessian to reach the optimized geometry. Due to its performance and the fact that DL-FIND is feature rich we use it as the default optimizer for QUICK.
Equivariant Graph Neural Networks for Toxicity Prediction
Authors: Cremer Julian , Sandonas Leonardo Medrano , Tkatchenko Alexandre , Clevert Djork-Arne , de Fabritiis Gianni
Published: July 2023

Predictive modeling for toxicity is a crucial step in the drug discovery pipeline. It can help filter out molecules with a high probability of failing in the early stages of de novo drug design. Thus, several machine learning (ML) models have been developed to predict the toxicity of molecules by combining classical ML techniques or deep neural networks with well-known molecular representations such as fingerprints or 2D graphs. But the more natural, accurate representation of molecules is expected to be defined in physical 3D space like in ab initio methods. Recent studies successfully used equivariant graph neural networks (EGNNs) for representation learning based on 3D structures to predict quantum mechanical properties of molecules. Inspired by this, we investigate the performance of EGNNs to construct reliable ML models for toxicity prediction. We use the equivariant transformer (ET) model in TorchMD-NET for this. Eleven toxicity datasets taken from MoleculeNet, TDCommons, and ToxBenchmark have been considered to evaluate the capability of ET for toxicity prediction. Our results show that ET adequately learns 3D representations of molecules that can successfully correlate with toxicity activity, achieving good accuracies on most datasets comparable to state-of-the-art models. We also test a physicochemical property, namely the total energy of a molecule, to inform the toxicity prediction with a physical prior. However, our work suggests these two properties can not be related. We also provide an attention weight analysis for helping to understand the toxicity prediction in 3D space and, thus, increase the explainability of the ML model. In summary, our findings offer promising insights considering 3D geometry information via EGNNs and provide a straightforward way to integrate molecular conformers into ML-based pipelines for predicting and investigating toxicity prediction in physical space. We expect that in the future, especially for larger, more diverse datasets, EGNNs will be an essential tool in this domain.
Subsystem Density-Functional Theory (Update)
Authors: Jacob Christoph , Neugebauer Johannes
Published: July 2023

The past years since the publication of our review on subsystem density-functional theory (sDFT) [WIREs Comput. Mol. Sci. 2014, 4:325--362] have witnessed a rapid development and diversification of quantum mechanical fragmentation and embedding approaches related to sDFT and frozen-density embedding (FDE). In this follow-up article, we provide an update addressing formal and algorithmic work on FDE/sDFT, novel approximations developed for treating the non-additive kinetic energy in these DFT/DFT hybrid methods, new areas of application and extensions to properties previously not accessible, projection-based techniques as an alternative to solely density-based embedding, progress in wavefunction-in-DFT embedding, new fragmentation strategies in the context of DFT which are technically or conceptually similar to sDFT, and the blurring boundary between advanced DFT/MM and approximate DFT/DFT embedding methods.
Exploitation of MOF decomposition mechanisms to tailor MOF-derived carbon structure in mono- and multimetallic PCN-250
Authors: Powell Joshua A. , Lin Hengyu , Hsu Yu-Chuan , Young Desirée E. , Zhou Hong-Cai
Published: July 2023

Metal-organic framework (MOF)-templated materials, such as MOF-derived carbons (MOFdCs), are attractive materials for applications such as electrocatalysis and energy storage. Unfortunately, the black-box nature of their synthesis remains a barrier to their implementation, as it is difficult to target specific structural features or properties in the final material. In this work, we use the well-established decomposition mechanism of the iron-MOF PCN-250 to design a two-step MOF calcination procedure that produces a MOFdC exhibiting both high porosity and monophase iron(II,III) oxide. We further apply this procedure to bimetallic PCN-250 to form mixed-metal oxides with an iron(II,III) oxide-type structure. While the procedure successfully produced the target structure for cobalt- and manganese-doped PCN-250, it was unsuccessful for the nickel-doped PCN-250 due to the increased corrosion-resistance of the iron-nickel alloy intermediate.