bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Recyclable Wates and Zero Waste Project Applications: Example of Necmettin Erbakan University
Authors: KUNT Fatma , GÜNDÜZ Mehmet Yıldırım
Published: July 2022

Billions of people around the world consume unconsciously every day. The resulting wastes are again left to nature by being irresponsible. Due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, humanity has entered new searches. The most important of these, waste management and recycling, dates back to B.C. Each purchased product is made available to us in a package. Well-evaluated wastes benefit the country's economy. The issue of evaluation of all wastes, especially recyclable wastes initiated with the Zero Waste Project, was initiated in our country in 2017 and was finalized in 2019 with a regulation.

In this study, the current situation of our university in terms of environmental awareness and protection of natural resources has been evaluated and it has been tried to reveal what studies have been done and what needs to be done. All activities carried out from the establishment of the Zero Waste Unit to the collection of wastes in separate classes are indicated in stages. In addition, a survey study was conducted on 306 people, in which students, academicians and administrative staff participated. According to the results of the survey, it was seen that the participants were conscious about waste management. Then, the contribution to the economy and the environment is calculated over the amount of collected waste, and the extent to which the country's economy can be contributed is emphasized with numerical values. As a result, the current level of awareness on waste management in universities was determined and information was given on how to improve it.
Double and Type (3,0) Minkowski Pythagorean Hodograph Curves
Authors: YAZLA Aziz , SARIAYDIN Muhammed Talat
Published: July 2022

In present paper, Double Minkowski Pythagorean Hodograph (DMPH) curves and type (3,0) Minkowski Pythagorean Hodograph (MPH) curves. Firstly, we obtained the conditions for a MPH curve to be a DMPH curve. Then, we examined these conditions in split quaternion form. Finally, a special class of seventh degree MPH curves is characterized and illustrative examples are given.
An integrated fuzzy approach based failure mode and effects analysis for a risk assessment
Authors: EFE Burak
Published: July 2022

This paper provides to cope with the limitations of traditional FMEA by using an integrated fuzzy multi-criteria decision making method, which considers fuzzy extension of AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and fuzzy TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution), and a linear programming. The proposed method is shown for an application to failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) based risk assessment of a construction firm. Firstly, fuzzy extension of AHP approach is utilized to define the weights of criteria in risk evaluation. Secondly, fuzzy TOPSIS approach is used to determine the most important failure mode in the construction firm. This work handles a sensitivity analysis and a comparison with the other methods. FMEA related papers in the literature presents only ranking of failure modes by using various methods. This study aims to handle the limited resources such as budget and time in a linear programming to establish a suitable occupational health and safety policy.
Aspects of the quality of life of military pensioners, defining their resocialization
Authors: Agapova Ekaterina G. , Dubogray Evgeniy V.
Published: July 2022

The article examines the main indicators of the quality of life of military pensioners and their relationship with re-socialization after retirement. The results of a medico-sociological study, using the questionnaire method (n=413), using the standard SF-36 questionnaire who were dismissed from military service no more than five years ago. Military retirees with high rates of the physical component (according to the SF-36 scales) receive less information from doctors about vaccinations and other preventive measures, so it is necessary to optimize this work with them. The size of the scale of vital activity was significantly influenced by the fact of employment, living conditions, and financial satisfaction.
In this regard, it is advisable to develop medical and social programs in three main areas: optimization of treatment and prophylactic measures (talks about the need to quit smoking, timely vaccination, the presence of moderate regular physical activity, improvement of medical care); development of employment assistance programs (expansion of the list of retraining courses in specialties in demand in the region, presentation in the media of the image of a military pensioner as a promising employee); functioning of psychological support rooms for those dismissed from military service.
Poetry of sociology. 85 years are executed to honored professor of Moscow state University, doctor of philosophical sciences, professor Antonov Anatoly Ivanovich
Authors: Lebed Olga L. , Prisyazhnaya Nadezhda V.
Published: July 2022

The article is dedicated to the anniversary of the leading specialist in the field of family sociology and demography, Doctor of Philosophy, Honored Professor, Head of the Department of Family Sociology and Demography of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov Anatoly Ivanovich Antonov. The long-term, active scientific and educational work of A.I. Antonov led to the emergence of a whole scientific direction in the field of family sociology familism (pro-family sociology). The authors note that the teaching, organizing and research work of Anatoly Ivanovich served to strengthen the position of the sociology of the family in science and the socio-demographic policy of the country, and is also an inspiring example for the professional formation of domestic and foreign sociologists.
The use of osteogenon in the complex treatment of patients with skeletal fractures
Authors: Izmalkov S. I. , Caskets Yu. V.
Published: July 2022

In patients with acute locomotor system injuries the efficacy of osteogenon for the optimization of reparative processes was studied. Osteogenon was taken by 48 out-and inpatients with bone fractures of different localization. Control group uncluded the patients with similar fractures without osteogenon administration. Comparison of data obtained with the systemic multifactor analysis showed more quick relief of pain and more expressed callus formation in patients who received osteogenon. No complications were detected.
The effect of low-intensity laser radiation on the healing of microbial-contaminated soft tissue and bone wounds in an open fracture (experimental study)
Authors: Azizov M. J. , Khanaiiyaev W. H. , Baibekov I. M.
Published: July 2022

Influence of low intensive laser irradiation (LILI) on the healing of the infected osseous and soft tissue wound in experimental open fracture was studied using transmission and electron microscopy. LILI provided antimicrobic affect on the infected wounds increasing phagocytosis by neutrophiles and accelerating the formation of callus.
Experimental development and clinical application
minimally invasive internal pelvic ring fixation
Authors: Shapovalov V. M. , Dulaev A. K. , Dydykin A. V.
Published: July 2022

The method of minimum invasive internal rod fixation of the pelvic ring elaborated at the Chair of Military Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Military Medical Academy, is presented. Suggested method allowed to perform anatomically precise fragment reposition and internal functional stable fixation of the pelvic ring by small surgical intervention and low intraoperative blood loss when fixation was performed at early terms after trauma. In 16 patients with unstable pelvic injuries treated by that method neither unsatisfactory anatomic outcomes nor secondary displacement of pelvic bones under the functional load were noted. In uncomplicated pelvic injuries the duration of hospital treatment and medical rehabilitation was 31.5 and 51.2 days, respectively. In syndrome of vertical instability of the anterior semi-ring was 27.8 and 43.4 days, respectively.
The distribution of the load on the lower limbs during development
unilateral and bilateral coxarthrosis of various etiologies
Authors: Mickiewicz V. A. , Zhilyaev A. A. , Popova T. P.
Published: July 2022

The gait and the posture was studied in patients with hip arthritis. The unilateral hip arthritis causes the first load redistribution on the lower extremities that was reflected by the decrease of contact time and force reaction of the affected leg. The gait asymmetry depends on the degree of joint distribution. As the pathologic process involves both joints the first type of load redistribution was present till the contralateral joint remained normal or become narrow. The second load redistribution occurred when the contralateral femoral head deformity developed. The less affected leg is usually overloaded but the degree of the overload becomes lower. In bilateral arthritis the force reaction of both extremities becomes more symmetrical than in unilateral arthritis. That indicates that the compensatory ability is lost.
Diagnosis and treatment of traumatic displacement of middle and lower cervical spine
Authors: Moiseenko V. A. , Tsodyks V. M.
Published: July 2022

Treatment results for 142 patients with traumatic displacement of the middle and lower cervical spine are presented. Results of the experimental study of the volume and pattern of disk-ligamentous structure injuries in correlation with the degree of vertebral elements displacement detected by the profile spondylogram were used in the course of treatment. Authors distinguish 3 types of acute traumatic disk-ligamentous instability and define the adequate treatment tacktics: 1) relative posterior ligamentous instability - conservative treatment using soft external immobilization by Shanzs collar or a similar one; 2) absolute favorable disk-ligamentous instability - conservative treatment using stiff immobilization devices such as thoracocranial plaster bandage; 3) absolute unfavorable disk-ligamentous instability - surgical treatment, predominantly anterior corporodesis.
Experience in the treatment of scoliosis in children and adolescents in a rehabilitation center
Authors: Malakhov O. A. , Cherkashov A. M. , Pyzhevskaya O. P.
Published: July 2022

The rehabilitation center operates on the basis of the sanatorium boarding school No. 25 at the CITO. The sanatorium boarding school was organized in 1992 and is designed for the education and treatment of 150 children aged 6 to 16-17. A typical school building after a major overhaul was converted into an educational and medical institution. The boarding school works on a five-day week, children spend weekends at home. Unlike other similar institutions that exist in Moscow and some regions of Russia, boarding school No. 25 does not specialize in the rehabilitation treatment of patients with pathology of any one system of the musculoskeletal system (spine, large joints, etc.). The main task of the center is to provide qualified rehabilitation assistance to children suffering from a wide variety of orthopedic pathologies, as well as those who have suffered injuries of the joints, limbs, spine, etc. This report is devoted to the analysis of treatment at the center for children suffering from scoliosis. This contingent of patients here is about 60% of the total number of patients.
Continuous improvement of the quality of medical care is the main direction of work of Russian orthopedic traumatologists (Part 2)*
Authors: Mironov S. P. , Nazarenko G. I. , Polubentseva E. I. , Cherkashov A. M. , Kuzmin V. I.
Published: July 2022

Present work is a sequel to the publication presented in № 3, 2000. Projecting of the medical technological process is considered on the example of the hospital treatment of patients with low back degenerative diseases. Technologic chart for diagnosis and treatment of patients with spondylogenous low back pain for the inpatient treatment is given. High efficacy of the proposed technological approach to the treatment of lumbar spine degenerative diseases is proved by clinical results.
Spinal osteomyelitis
Authors: Ardashev I. P. , Plotnikov G. A. , Grigoruk A. A. , Drobotov V. N. , Gazizov R. F. , Musaev Sh. M. , Ardasheva E. I.
Published: July 2022

Experience in diagnosis and treatment of 112 patients with spine osteomyelitis is presented. In 8 patients cervical spine, in 23 patients thoracic spine and in 81 patients lumbar spine was involved. Neurological deficit was observed in 45 (40.2%) patients. Forty seven (42%) patients underwent conservative and 65(58%) surgical treatment. Conservative treatment included intraarterial injection of antibacterial drugs. Surgical treatment consisted of radical resection of the osteomyelitis focus followed by stabilization of the spine with autografts. Long-term results were evaluated in terms from 1 to 20 years. In all patients the formation of bone block and regression of neurological symptoms was observed.
Therapeutic and diagnostic arthroscopy of the hip joint (first experience)
Authors: Orletsky A. K. , Mironov S. P. , Malakhov O. A. , Malakhov S. O.
Published: July 2022

The experience in therapeutic diagnostic hip arthroscopy is presented. Hip arthroscopy was performed in 11 patients, aged 3-11 years. There were 5 patients with congenital hip joint dislocation, 3 patients with Legg-Kalve-Perthes disease, 2 patients with deforming coxarthrosis and 1 patient with pathologic hip dislocation. The original technique for hip arthroscopy is suggested. High efficacy of arthroscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of intraarticular hip pathology is shown.
Backpressure effects on emitters flow rate in subsurface drip irrigation
Authors: Silveira Thebaldi Michael , Vilela Corrêa Flávia , Rafanele França Pinto Pâmela , Antonio Lima Luiz , Valentim Diotto Adriano , Ponciano De Deus Fábio
Published: July 2022

Subsurface drip irrigation success depends on surpassing the backpressure obstacle, a phenomenon which occurs when the water application intensity exceeds the infiltration rate of soil, which reduces the emitter flow rate. Thus, this study aimed to determine the flow rate variation, in relation to surface flow, of four drip emitters when buried at two depths in a loam soil (Yolo Loam soil), and the backpressure generated by the soil on subsurface condition. The cavity radius developed around the emitters outlet was also obtained. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design, in a strip-plot scheme, with three treatments: installation depth of driplines (two levels: 0.10 and 0.20 m); dripline type (four levels: D5000, JardiLine, TalDrip and and Hydro PCND) and irrigation time (three levels: 0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 h). The results showed that the flow rate variation between the surface and subsurface application on Yolo Loam soil, with inlet pressure of 145 kPa, was greater the higher was the emitter flow rate. For pressure-compensating emitters, even under backpressure influence, this was not enough to cancel the pressure-compensating device operation, of the emitters. The emitters installation depth, as well the irrigation time, did not affect the backpressure and, consequently, the flow rate variation.
Energy consumption reduction of a center-pivot with the use of a variable-frequency drive
Authors: Almeida Isabela Alvarenga , Colombo Alberto , Araújo Ana Cláudia Sátiro , Almeida Rafael Alvarenga , Costa Jéfferson de Oliveira , Quiloango-Chimarro Carlos Alberto
Published: July 2022

Pressure demand of a center-pivot can be controlled by variable frequency drives during irrigation system operations, leading to a rational use of electrical energy. However, numerous studies encountered problems due to the lack of field data to perform the simulations. The objective of this study was to simulate the reduction of the average value of the active electrical power required to drive the pumping unit of a center-pivot irrigation system by controlling the rotational speed through a frequency inverter. The simulation was conducted considering a complete rotation of the lateral line of a central pivot, installed in an area of 70-ha, in the municipality of Formiga-MG. The simulation demonstrated the possibility of reducing the active electrical power required for the pivot pump by 18%, from an average of 131 to 107 kW. For 1300 pumping hours per year, the investment's payback time would be two and four years for the highest (R$ 0.48 kWh-1) and lowest energy cost (R$ 0.32 kWh-1), respectively. Results suggest that irrigated areas by center-pivot with variations of topographic altitude require technical-economic evaluations for using frequency inverters.
Las vertientes y el llano, de los Descalzos a San Antón
Authors:   Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Ibáñez Martínez Pedro Miguel
Published: July 2022

El libro Las vertientes y el llano, de los Descalzos a San Antón es el tercer volumen de la serie Cuenca, ciudad barroca, editada en colaboración por el Consorcio de la Ciudad de Cuenca y la Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha. Prosigue pues los objetivos propuestos en los dos tomos anteriores, analizar y difundir el conjunto arquitectónico global de los siglos XVII y XVIII, tanto religioso como civil, según la información consolidada del pasado y la que podemos aportar ahora. Después de tres volúmenes dedicados al proyecto, que suman unas mil trescientas páginas publicadas, tenemos la esperanza de haber cumplido razonablemente nuestro propósito inicial de establecer un marco de referencia al que poder remitirse, como propuesta firme, en futuros estudios sobre el tema. Pero ello no implica quedar absortos en la autocomplacencia. Es mucho lo que resta por investigar, y cuantiosos los datos que aún deben revelar los archivos. La estructura de la serie en varios volúmenes no se ha fundado en una evolución progresiva de los edificios erigidos en los siglos XVII y XVIII, que es una tarea diferente a la expresada ahora. En el deseo de valorar individualmente las arquitecturas y los recorridos por el centro histórico, hemos optado por singularizar su ubicación en grandes sectores urbanos. Tras los dos primeros tomos, La plaza Mayor y su entorno arquitectónico y La cumbre urbana, de las Carmelitas Descalzas a la casa del Corregidor, el presente volumen de Las vertientes y el llano analiza en sus once capítulos el antiguo convento de Franciscanos Descalzos de San Pedro de Alcántara, advocación de San Lorenzo Mártir; la ermita de la Virgen de las Angustias, que comparte algunos dilemas históricos con el vecino convento franciscano; la iglesia de San Miguel, uno de los referentes básicos en el escenario de la hoz del río Júcar; el convento dominico de San Pablo, verdadero muestrario evolutivo de calidad desde el estilo gótico al barroco; la iglesia de Santa Cruz; el Oratorio de San Felipe Neri, entre los edificios más notables del patrimonio barroco conquense que comprende la iglesia superior, el oratorio bajo o iglesia de la Divina Pastora, y las estancias conventuales; la iglesia de El Salvador; el pósito de la puerta del Postigo, muestra notable de la arquitectura civil conquense; el monasterio de la Inmaculada Concepción de la Puerta de Valencia; la iglesia y el hospital de Santiago, el hito arquitectónico más importante desde el punto de vista paisajístico del sector extramuros; y por último la iglesia de la Virgen de la Luz y San Antón, verdadera joya del patrimonio edificado de la ciudad.
Grupo de Teatro Universitário Arte (com)Ciência: Itinerários de Divulgação Científica
Authors: Costa Valéria Cristina , Dias André Luiz Nascimento , Silva Vanessa Juliana da , Faria Marcos Fábio Cardoso de
Published: July 2022

A divulgação científica tem uma importância fundamental para o progresso da ciência e para que a sociedade possa usufruir dos avanços possíveis em função do desenvolvimento científico. Ela pode ser feita de diversas formas como, por exemplo, por meio do teatro. No Brasil, vários coletivos tem promovido espetáculos teatrais com vistas à socialização de conhecimentos científicos. Entre eles, o Grupo de Teatro Universitário Arte (com)Ciência, fundado em 2013, na Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri. O objetivo deste artigo é relatar a trajetória do Grupo desde a sua criação até o presente. O Arte (com)Ciência se originou de um projeto de extensão universitária e tem como finalidade promover possibilidades de ensino-aprendizagem e de formação de público por meio de espetáculos, performances e intervenções teatrais relacionados à discussão/divulgação de conhecimentos científicos e às questões social e ambiental. As principais produções desse coletivo são: escrita de 21 dramaturgias curtas e 11 trabalhos de conclusão de curso de graduação; montagem de 04 espetáculos; realização de 22 apresentações teatrais e 16 intervenções; publicação de 01 livro e, em anais de eventos científicos, de 15 artigos, 01 resumo expandido, 01 resumo e 01 capítulo de livro.
Diagnostic tools for assessing the levels of mathematical erudition of students in general educational institutions
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Sagatelova L. S.
Published: July 2022

The acceleration of civilization development imposes new requirements on mathematical education. Its special role is caused by the fact that mathematics is used worldwide in all spheres of life. Secondary general mathematical education in the current environment is becoming increasingly more significant for the educational policy of the society and the state. Measurable educational results, in this case, are the indicators of the personal achievements of students when studying mathematics. The research aims to give the reasons why among the existing terminological variety, the definition of mathematical erudition is selected as the assessment of personal achievements of students of general educational institutions in the subject area of Mathematics, to describe the developed and approved diagnostic tools for assessing mathematical erudition of the students of general educational institutions. The research is based on the qualitative approach to studying scientific-pedagogical literature and the analysis of pedagogical practice, which allowed working out the author’s position in identifying the individual educational achievements of students when learning mathematics. The author proposes using the concept of mathematical erudition as a result of learning mathematics treated as a personal achievement. The paper presents the author’s interpretation of this concept. The author considers a three-level model of mathematical erudition, which includes elementary mathematical literacy, functional mathematical literacy, and mathematical competence. The author developed a structural-functional model of mathematical erudition, consisting of four components: 1) motivational-axiological; 2) conceptual-regulative; 3) procedural; 4) subject-and-activity-based. The diagnostic toolkit for assessing the mathematical erudition of students of general education institutions has been developed and tested. It is possible to use these tools to assess subject learning results. The author notes that it is possible to improve mathematical erudition at all steps of school mathematical education in the general education institutions through designing mathematical education, which will allow creating the conditions for the students’ temptations and needs fulfilment.
Physical culture as a component of professional development of students-geologists
Authors:   Tyumen Industrial University, Tyaglova S. A. , Deryabina E. A. ,   Tyumen Industrial University
Published: July 2022

The modern paradigm of higher education prioritizes the expansion of a young specialist competence in the profession and a high level of outlook, culture, health, and personal qualities. The content of educational disciplines and physical training, in particular, should correspond to these goals. The problem is that not every physical training lesson at the universities is built, taking into account the future professional activity of a geologist, although the physical culture potential if it is properly organized, is high enough to develop many professional qualities of a future specialist. The work updates the continuous integrated approach to the development of the students’ professional qualities through physical culture both during the classes and in independent work. The authors carried out the survey of students-geologists of the Tyumen Industrial University, which determined the level of physical activity of students (medium), their attitude to their health (most assess it to be good), and the degree of identification of physical education lessons with the acquisition of professionally significant qualities (medium). The paper proposes the options of exercises to develop each quality in the process of physical, intellectual, psychic, and mental activity for the comprehensive self-improvement of students during independent work. In the authors’ opinion, such an approach will increase the goal-setting of students, the desire both to develop professionally in special subjects and recognize the interdisciplinary relations of all elements of the learning environment for their professional growth.
Digital competence of the educational process parties
Authors:   Mari State University, Fedorova S. N. , Golikova N. D. ,   Mari State University
Published: July 2022

The rapid development of new technologies observed in recent years and the active digital transformation of society impose special requirements for a future specialist and his digital competence. The authors should note that the concept of digital competence has become very popular in recent years, and now there are many studies, which in one way or another reveal its various aspects. However, typically, plenty of different definitions lead to a blurring of boundaries of the concept and the absence of a unified designation of its essential and semantic characteristics. As a result, this concept is considered the ability to use information and communication technologies, a part of social competence, and a way of communication. To identify the initial level of digital competencies, the authors carried out a diagnostic study involving the students of Mari State University (Yoshkar-Ola, Russia) in different training programs. The paper presents a detailed overview of the results of this study and identifies three levels of students’ digital competencies: high, medium, and low. The study shows that students with a high level of digital competence have a positive attitude towards the digital transformation of education emphasizing that it provides new opportunities to use digital technologies in learning and increases the effectiveness of the learning process. These students support digital learning, online consultations, and providing information for lectures and seminars in electronic form, as opposed to the students with a low level of digital competence, who have a negative attitude towards the digital transformation of education, noting only its weaknesses. These students support digital learning, online consultations, and providing information for lectures and seminars in electronic form, as opposed to the students with a low level of digital competence, who have a negative attitude towards the digital transformation of education, noting only its weaknesses.
The role of adaptive physical culture in the organization of physical education of university students
Authors:   Mari State University, Koshkina T. V.
Published: July 2022

The situation, which developed in our country in recent decades and associated with the deterioration of public health on the one hand, and with the widespread introduction of inclusive learning in education, on the other hand, led to the presence of a large number of students with disabilities in Russian universities. Nevertheless, this does not exclude the need to cover such students with full-fledged and high-quality physical education, which ensures the maintenance and preservation of their physical health and harmonious development of their physical qualities in maintaining mental and physical performance. The research aims to study the impact of adaptive physical training classes on the development of motivation for physical culture classes and the level of physical fitness of students with health disorders. The paper considers the possibilities and the need to introduce adaptive physical culture classes for students with health disorders into the university educational process. The author analyzes the experience of Russian universities in this field. The study covers the main problems and the prospects of using adaptive physical training when organizing physical education for university students with health limitations. The paper presents the results of a pedagogical experiment using a survey of such students and testing their physical qualities. The study identified that students with health limitations engaged in adaptive physical culture at the university demonstrated an increased motivation for physical education and sports and positive dynamics in the development of their physical fitness.
Spatiotemporal analysis of the problems of innovative development in the sectoral context under sanctions and import substitution policy
Authors:   Branch of National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” in Smolensk, Kirillova E. A. , Shutova D. Yu. ,   Branch of National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute” in Smolensk, Masyutin S. A. ,   Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Epifanov V. A. ,   National Research University “Moscow Power Engineering Institute”
Published: July 2022

The importance and inherence of innovations in the context of the current technological paradigm cause the necessity to develop approaches and tools for their effective management within individual enterprises at the level of groups of economic entities and sustainable development of regions of their localization as a whole. The formation of such solutions requires an analysis of the problems of innovative development and innovation policy to identify the basic patterns of their changes, and mutual interaction in the temporal, spatial, and sectoral context. The purpose of the study was to analyze the potential spatiotemporal influence of key factors groups on innovation activity effectiveness and its delay in the context of industry-based specifics of specialization of the Russian Federation regions. The authors considered the variants of manifestation of factors on the initially diverse geographical, socio-economic, political, and other conditions groups (regions) of resources and abilities to assess the influence of specified factors on the systems different by the initial parameters. Moreover, the specific feature is the analysis of factors’ impact on the result of implementation in the systems rather than disparate sets of resources and abilities. The authors analyzed possible specific patterns depending on the structure of this system and its initial conditions, which can serve as the basis for changes in the methodology of innovative development management as one of the key directions of modernization of industrial production and sustainable development of territories. The influence of an attributing factor on the result differed both in direction and in the power of influence between regions, which confirmed the need for the differentiated approach to innovative activity management and evaluation of the results of its manifestation. The analysis shows that the patent activity impact on the volume of innovative goods, works, and services varies greatly depending on the structure of their economic activities. The level of innovative activity is manifested strongly and rapidly in multi-sectoral and mid-specialized regions with an average weight of specialization industries of local and national significance, and in three years, multi-sectoral regions appear to be more sustainable. Almost all multi-sectoral regions show a one-time positive influence of losses for innovative activity, and in three years, it is rather negative for most regions.
On the issue of ensuring the stock market availability for commercial banks
Authors:   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University, Ramazanov A. V.
Published: July 2022

The need of economic entities in financial risks hedging, in investments retention or increase can be met through the expanding the financial instruments used, which is possible to be achieved by promoting the stock market availability. The commercial banks activities in the securities market are diverse and include the role of an issuer, an investor, and a professional participant in the securities market. The activities on the security trust management and implementing brokerage activities are of the greatest importance as in this case, a commercial bank implements the mediating role ensuring the stock market availability for investors. The paper evaluates the evolution of the stock market formation and functioning with regard to the influence of the existing financial instruments and needs of the financial market participants on the dynamics and peak of its development. The author analyzes special aspects of the financial institutes’ activity, specifies the important role of commercial banks in attracting and allocating investment resources. The paper contains the systematization of the external and internal limitations affecting the commercial bank’s financial policy. Despite the extensive list of the external and internal factors affecting the economic policy of a bank, the key role is assigned to the management policy, on which the investment conditions proposed by a bank to its customers depend. The author proposes a mechanism of combining the active-passive and active operations of a commercial bank involving the development of such an optimal financial product that would meet the interests of retail investors in buying the stock market financial products and the needs of issuers (borrowers) in investment resources. This mechanism will allow promoting the power of commercial banks as underwriters in securities market. The author recommends the improvement of a customer-oriented approach for commercial banks when developing financial products and services.
Economic opportunities and policy of the Russian Federation on the Northern sea route
Authors:   Moscow University for Industry and Finance “Synergy”, Avilov N. S. ,   AO “Kaspersky Lab”
Published: July 2022

The paper gives the characteristics of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) concerning its state, difficulties, problems, and development prospects. The author considers measures adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation for further development of the advanced icebreakers fleet and the advantages of applying an innovative approach, which pays special attention to the development of the Northern Sea Route as an essential marine transport corridor of Russia. It is noteworthy that a new approach to the functioning of an arctic sea transportation system in Russia suggests the substantial increase in the freight-traffic volume with the simultaneous development of its arctic territories within the zone of advanced economic growth. The author analyzes the update of legislative acts on the use of the Northern Sea Route, considers the restructuring and increase in freight traffic, measures for the development of the Northern Sea Route, the improvement of the organizational structure of management, and safety provision, as well as the shipping traffic and port development in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation. The paper concludes that currently, the development of the Northern Sea Route to a greater degree is associated with the solution of interrelated tasks of national security protection and socio-economic development of the Russian Arctic. Since the beginning of 2021, systematic work has been carried out to develop the NSR infrastructure. National enterprises Rosatom, PJSC Novatek, and its joint venture Yamal LNG are the key operators of the route. In the current geopolitical situation, the NSR is the large sea communication protected from external influence, which can positively affect the economic growth of Russia.
Metallographic examination as the feedback between product quality and manufacturing
Authors:   Togliatti State University, Merson D. L. , Karavanova A. A. ,   Togliatti State University, Klimanov A. V. ,   Togliatti State University
Published: July 2022

Despite the increasing automation of the process of designing and manufacturing metal products, their failure remains a common phenomenon. The metallographic examination is appointed, which can only be carried out at a proper level by the specialized accredited organizations to identify the causes of such incidents. A metallographic examination is a tool that acts as feedback between the output quality of products and the entire chain of numerous operations during production. The purpose of this work is, using a practical example, to demonstrate the possibility and special significance of the conclusions of the metallographic examination for the development of the product manufacturing technology. Using the high-speed plasma spraying method, the authors applied the NiCrBSi coating to the surface of the locomotive wheel pair axle to increase its wear resistance. The life bench tests of the axle revealed the main fatigue crack, the tests were stopped, and the axle was artificially broken completely. The analysis of metal quality, including chemical composition, mechanical properties (strength, ductility, and impact hardness), microstructure, metal purity according to the non-metallic inclusions, and parameters of a surface layer hardened by rolling, showed its full compliance with the regulatory documentation. The thickness and hardness parameters of the NiCrBSi coating also corresponded to the declared ones. According to the fractographic analysis, the fatigue fracture was initiated at multiple points, which was a characteristic sign of a common objective reason for the insufficient strength of a product not associated with some random factor. The metallographic examination identified that the main reason for the failure of a wheelset axle is the coating's insufficient fatigue strength. The numerous fatigue microcracks that originated in the coating grew into the base metal and led to the fatigue macrocracks formation at different height levels. The merging of these cracks led to widespread fatigue fracture surface formation.
The technique for calculating the strength of a globoid worm gear
Authors:   Samara University, Suslin A. V. , Barmanov I. S. ,   Samara University
Published: July 2022

Worm gears are widely used in mechanical engineering. Recently, worm gears with a globoid worm attract a considerable interest. To improve the quality characteristics of globoid gears, their geometric dimensions and parameters, as well as the production technologies are being improved. It is also important to have a methodology for calculating the strength, which is, however, currently unavailable, and the state standards cover the issue of determining and calculating only the transmission geometry. In this regard, the development of the technique for calculating the contact and bending strength of a globoid worm gear appears relevant. The basic areas of the research are gear enhancement, production technology improvement, the gearing pattern study, working surfaces mathematical simulation, 3-D modeling, and the transmission calculation. The contact strength calculation is based on the Hertz’s formula taking into account the geometric features of globoid worm gears. The authors developed the calculation of the bending strength of the worm gear teeth based on the helical gear calculation method. The paper presents data on the influence of the mechanical properties of the materials of a worm and a worm gear wheel on the gear contact strength, gives the computed coefficients estimated values. The authors note that the dynamic load factor can increase significantly with the wear of the gear working surfaces. The research findings can be used to develop the design calculation technique, as well as to improve it to take into account the effect of transmission wear and working temperature on the operation duration.
PHOKAİA ANTİK KENTİNİN AKDENİZ`DE İZLEDİĞİ TİCARİ STRATEJİLER
Authors: ERDOĞAN Aytekin
Published: July 2022

Günümüzde İzmir’in Eski Foça ilçesinde bulunan Phokaia Antik Kenti denizcilikteki becerisi sayesinde döneminde ün kazanmış ve antik kaynaklarda da bu yönüne sıkça değinilmiştir. Antik kaynaklara bakıldığında Phokaialılar denizci bir halk olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Dönemin hem coğrafi hem de siyasi olaylarından etkilenip denize yönelen bu kent, İspanya’dan Fransa ve İtalya’ya oradan da Anadolu’da başta Troas bölgesi olmak üzere Karadeniz’e kadar uzanan bir ticaret ağ kurmayı başarmıştır. Bunun yanı sıra Mısır’da bulunan Naukratis kentinin de kurucuları arasında olduğu Herodotos’un Historiai adlı eserinde belirtilmektedir. Böylece MÖ 7. Yüzyılın son çeyreğinden MÖ 545`e kadar Akdeniz, Marmara ve Orta Karadeniz’de daha çok deniz taşımacılığı seferleri düzenleyerek bu bölgelerde birçok emporion tarzında ticari üstler kurmuştur. Yapılan bu yoğun ticari ilişkiler ve kurulan kentler sayesinde Phokaia MÖ 6. yüzyılın ilk yarısında Ionia’nın en gelişmiş kentlerinden biri haline gelmiştir.
Reptiles of the Southwestern Tajikistan desert plains: Spatial distribution, population density and communities structure
Authors:   Head Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Federal Medical and Biological Agency, Bondarenko D. A. , Ergashev U. H. ,   S. Aini Tajik State Pedagogical University
Published: July 2022

Population density of reptiles in four desert areas of southwestern Tajikistan was estimated in spring 2018–2019. The structure of reptile communities in seven typical landscapes was described. The highest species diversity and population density were observed in sandy landscapes. Seven species of psammobionts formed the basis of these reptile communities. Among them Phrynocephalus interscapularis (56.4), Crossobamon eversmanni (27.8), Eremias lineolata (15.6), Eremias scripta (13.0) had the highest distribution and high population density (individuals/hectare). The relationship of cohabitating species was considered. The highest total population density of reptiles (89.0 ind./ha) was discovered on sandy ridges along the Amu Darya. On the loamy plain the population density of four species was 8.4 ind./ha, and on the foothill plain 2.4 ind./ha. Eremias nigrocellata (2.0 ind./ha) dominated in reptile communities on solid ground. In total, 25 species of reptiles inhabit the desert plains of Southwestern Tajikistan. 17 out of 25 (68%) species are included in the national Red Data Book. The level of endemism and similarity of reptile fauna in desert areas were high. Fauna similarity indices calculated according to Sørensen were 0.9–0.8. These values indicate close contact and connection between desert communities. The formation of the reptile fauna in southwestern Tajikistan occurred as a result of dispersal of Turanian species across the left bank of the Amu Darya River from Turkmenistan. They moved to the right bank due to the changes in the riverbed at the Pleistocene Epoch. The absence of some reptile species (Teratoscincus scincus, C. eversmanni, Phrynocephalus mystaceus, E. lineolata, Eremias grammica, E. scripta, etc.) in Northern Afghanistan along the border with Tajikistan is explained by the lack of herpetological study of this territory. Their habitat in the area is highly probable. Isolation and autonomy of desert areas in the Amu Darya valley create the opportunity for formation of new taxonomic forms. Examples are lizards E. scripta ladzinni and P. interscapularis sogdianus. The desert plains of Southwest Tajikistan have a small area and are subjected to significant anthropogenic pressure. Protection of small species, including lizards (Phrynocephalus raddei, P. mystaceus, Varanus griseus) and snakes (Eryx tataricus, Spalerosophis diadema, Boiga trigonatum, Naja oxiana, Echis carinatus) is needed. For widespread and numerous psammobiont species (P. interscapularis, E. lineolata, E. grammica, E. scripta, C. eversmanni) there is no threat of extermination at the moment.
Distribution and morphometric features of the common toad Bufo bufo L. (Bufonidae, Amphibia) in the North-East of the European part of Russia
Authors:   Pechoro-Ilych State Nature Reserve, Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Bobretsov A. V. , Bykhovets N. M. ,   Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Kochanov S. K. ,   Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrov A. N. ,   Institute of Biology Komi Science Centre Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

The distribution and morphometric features of the common toad (Bufo bufo) in the North-East of European Russia are discussed. The northern boundary of the species' range in the region has a complex configuration. In the west and central part of the region, the toad is found up to latitude 65º42'N and 63º01'N, respectively, the eastern border of its habitat moves northwards up to 64º13' and then drops to the south along the Ural Mountain Ridge. The formation of the modern range of the species in the region was influenced by an extensive network of watercourses and global climate changes. For the last 70 years, toads have distributed along the Pechora River at a distance of more than 600 km. The morphometric variability of the common toad was estimated by 13 linear criteria and 7 indices on the example of four localities in the Komi Republic (Pechora, Beloye Lake, Lokchim Lake, and Sysola Lake). Significant sexual differences were found by most criteria: their values in females are higher than in males. Toads of both sexes inhabiting the eastern and northern localities (Pechora, Lake Beloye) are smaller in size than animals from the southwestern parts of the region (Lokchim Lake, Sysola Lake). Discriminant analysis showed that maximal differences between samples were registered on the body length L., femur length F., tibia length T., head length L.c., and head latitude Lt.c.
Amphibians of the Orenburg State Nature Reserve (Russia)
Authors:   Samara Federal Research Center of RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Sciences, Gorelov R. A. , Bakiev A. G. ,   Samara Federal Research Center of RAS, Institute of Ecology of the Volga River Basin of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2022

Literary information about the batrachofauna of the Orenburg nature reserve is incomplete and contradictory. Data on the specific composition and abundance of amphibians in the Orenburg Nature State Reserve at its five cluster territories by the results of our 2015–2020 inventory are presented. The previously published materials about amphibians on the cluster territories “Talovskaya Steppe”, “Burtinskaya Steppe” and “Aytuarskaya Steppe” have been supplemented. Data on amphibians of the cluster territories “Predural'skaya Steppe” and “Ashchisayskaya Steppe” are published for the first time. The batrachofauna of the reserve included five species, namely: Bombina bombina, Pelobates vespertinus, Bufotes sitibundus, Pelophylax ridibundus, and Rana arvalis. All these species are represented on the cluster territories “Talovskaya Steppe” and “Predural'skaya Steppe”, as well as on the cluster territory “Burtinskaya Steppe” in 2015–2017, where B. bombina disappeared in 2018. B. sitibundus and P. ridibundus were found in the cluster territory “Aituarskaya Steppe”. B. bombina and B. sitibundus were found in the cluster territory “Ashchisayskaya steppe”. B. sitibundus was found in all cluster territories as a common or small species. The abundance of P. vespertinus, P. ridibundus, and R. arvalis decreased in the reserve from the western cluster territories to the eastern ones. These three species have not been found in the easternmost cluster area of the reserve (“Ashchisayskaya steppe”). Our findings of B. bombina in the cluster territory “Ashchisayskaya steppe” (between 50.933651°N and 51.043583°N, 61.138383°E and 61.269867°E; Svetlinsky district of the Orenburg region) expand the previously known range of the species.