bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lifting the Profile of Deep Forest Soil Carbon
Authors: Garrett Loretta G. , Byers Alexa K. , Wigley Kathryn , Heckman Katherine A. , Hatten Jeff A. , Wakelin Steve A.
Published: October 2024

Forests are the reservoir for a vast amount of terrestrial soil organic carbon (SOC) globally. With increasing soil depth, the age of SOC reportedly increases, implying resistance to change. However, we know little about the processes that underpin deep SOC persistence and what deep SOC is vulnerable to climate change. This review summarizes the current knowledge of deep forest SOC, the processes regulating its cycling, and the impacts of climate change on the fate of deep forest SOC. Our understanding of the processes that influence deep SOC cycling and the extent of SOC stores is limited by available data. Accordingly, there is a large degree of uncertainty surrounding how much deep SOC there is, our understanding of the influencing factors of deep SOC cycling, and how these may be distinct from upper soil layers. To improve our ability to predict deep SOC change, we need to more accurately quantify the deep SOC pool and deepen our knowledge of how factors related to the tree root–soil–microbiome control deep SOC storage and cycling. Thereby, addressing the uncertainty of deep SOC contribution in the global C exchange with climate change and concomitant impacts on forest ecosystem function and resilience.
Exploring Sustainability Instruction Methods in Engineering Thermodynamics Courses: Insights from Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
Authors: Tisdale Joan K. , Bielefeldt Angela R.
Published: October 2024

It is important that engineers are educated to consider sustainability in their work. Thermodynamics is a fundamental course required in several engineering majors that has a natural connection to sustainability topics (e.g., energy and limits on efficiency). This work examined how sustainability was included in university-level engineering thermodynamics courses, based on 18 peer-reviewed papers that described Scholarship of Teaching and Learning studies. This review found that environmental issues were included in 15 courses, social issues in 9 courses, and economic issues in 5. There were 11 papers that included topics related to one or more of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with 8 of the 17 SDGs represented by one or more papers. The learning outcomes from the courses provided many examples of cognitive outcomes at all six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. In contrast, affective domain outcomes were generally not explicit. Methods of integrating sustainability topics included mathematical examples, labs, projects, service-learning, application-based learning, simulation tools, and book reviews. These examples should inspire instructors to foster sociotechnical mindsets toward engineering, which are a key to educating engineers who value sustainability and who will advocate for its importance in engineering.
Increasing the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of a CP-Ti Surface by Plasma Electrolytic Borocarburizing and Polishing
Authors: Volosova Marina A. , Kusmanov Sergei A. , Tambovskiy Ivan V. , Mukhacheva Tatiana L. , Mitrofanov Artem P. , Suminov Igor V. , Grigoriev Sergey N.
Published: October 2024

The paper examines the possibility of increasing the wear and corrosion resistance of a CP-Ti surface by duplex plasma electrolytic treatment (borocarburizing and polishing). The structure and composition of diffusion layers, their microhardness, surface morphology and roughness, wear resistance during dry friction and corrosion resistance in Ringer’s solution were studied. The formation of a surface-hardened layer up to 200 μm thick with a microhardness of up to 950 HV, including carbides and a solid solution of boron and carbon, is shown. Subsequent polishing makes it possible to reduce surface roughness and remove weak areas of the porous oxide layer, which are formed during high-temperature oxidation in aqueous electrolyte vapor during borocarburizing. Changing the morphology and structural-phase composition of the CP-Ti surface helps reduce weight wear by a factor of three (the mode of frictional interaction changes from microcutting to oxidative wear) and corrosion current density by a factor of four after borocarburizing in a solution of boric acid, glycerin and ammonium chloride at 950 °C for 5 min and subsequent polishing in an ammonium fluoride solution at a voltage of 250 V for 3 min.
Diagnostic Value of Contrast-Enhanced Dual-Energy Computed Tomography in the Pancreatic Parenchymal and Delayed Phases for Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kurita Yusuke , Utsunomiya Daisuke , Kubota Kensuke , Koyama Shingo , Hasegawa Sho , Hosono Kunihiro , Irie Kuniyasu , Suzuki Yuichi , Maeda Shin , Kobayashi Noritoshi , Ichikawa Yasushi , Endo Itaru , Nakajima Atsushi
Published: October 2024

Background/Objectives: The usefulness of dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) for low absorption in the parenchymal phase and contrast effects in the delayed phase for pancreatic cancer is not clear. Therefore, the diagnostic capability of low-KeV images obtained using DECT for pancreatic cancer in the pancreatic parenchymal and delayed phases was evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. Methods: Twenty-five patients with pancreatic cancer who underwent contrast-enhanced DECT were included. A total of 50 and 70 KeV CT images, classified as low-keV and conventional CT-equivalent images, were produced, respectively. The tumor-to-pancreas contrast (Hounsfield units [HU]) in the pancreatic parenchymal and delayed phases was calculated by subtracting the CT value of the pancreatic tumor from that of normal parenchyma. Results: The median tumor-to-pancreas contrast on 50 KeV CT in the pancreatic parenchymal phase (133 HU) was higher than that on conventional CT (68 HU) (p < 0.001). The median tumor-to-pancreas contrast in the delayed phase was −28 HU for 50 KeV CT and −9 HU for conventional CT (p = 0.545). For tumors < 20 mm, the tumor-to-pancreas contrast of 50 KeV CT (−39 HU) had a significantly clearer contrast effect than that of conventional CT (−16.5 HU), even in the delayed phase (p = 0.034). Conclusions: These 50 KeV CT images may clarify the low-absorption areas of pancreatic cancer in the pancreatic parenchymal phase. A good contrast effect was observed in small pancreatic cancers on 50 KeV delayed-phase images, suggesting that DECT is useful for the visualization of early pancreatic cancer with a small tumor diameter.
A Five-Year Malaria Prevalence/Frequency in Makenene in a Forest–Savannah Transition Ecozone of Central Cameroon: The Results of a Retrospective Study
Authors: Djoufounna Joël , Bamou Roland , Foyet Juluis V. , Ningahi Laura G. , Mayi Marie P. A. , Antonio-Nkondjio Christophe , Tchuinkam Timoléon
Published: October 2024

Objective: Understanding the epidemiological features of malaria is a key step to monitoring and quantifying the impact of the current control efforts to inform future ones. This study establishes the prevalence and frequency of malaria in a forest–savannah ecozone for 5 consecutive years in Cameroon. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in 3 health centers of Makenene from 2016 to 2020, a period covering the second long-lasting insecticide net mass distribution campaign. Malaria infectious records were reviewed from laboratory registers. The difference in exposure to malaria was estimated using a regression logistic model. Results: A total of 13525 patients underwent malaria diagnostic tests, with a general malaria prevalence of 65.3%. A greater prevalence of malaria was observed in males (68.39%) compared to females (63.14%). The frequency of consultations in health centers was dominated by females, with a gender ratio (M/F) of 0.66. Annual trends in malaria prevalence slightly varied from 2016 to 2020, exceeding 60%: 65.2% in 2016; 66.7% in 2017, 68.1% in 2018, 63.2% in 2019, and 65.3% in 2020, with a significant seasonal variation (p < 0.0001). The highest malaria prevalence was observed during the short rainy season, no matter the year. Among positive cases, the most represented age groups were 6–15 (p < 0.0001), followed by those under 5, while the age group >25 years was the least represented. Conclusion: Close monitoring and additional intervention measures for malaria control are needed, as are more studies on vector bionomics and transmission patterns.
Optimized Right-Turn Pedestrian Collision Avoidance System Using Intersection LiDAR
Authors: Park Soo-Yong , Kee Seok-Cheol
Published: October 2024

The incidence of right-turning pedestrian accidents is increasing in South Korea. Most of the accidents occur when a large vehicle is turning right, and the main cause of the accidents was found to be the driver’s limited field of vision. After these accidents, the government implemented a series of institutional measures with the objective of preventing such accidents. However, despite the institutional arrangements in place, pedestrian accidents continue to occur. We focused on the many limitations that autonomous vehicles, like humans, can face in such situations. To address this issue, we propose a right-turn pedestrian collision avoidance system by installing a LiDAR sensor in the center of the intersection to facilitate pedestrian detection. Furthermore, the urban road environment is considered, as this provides the optimal conditions for the model to perform at its best. During this research, we collected data on right-turn accidents using the CARLA simulator and ROS interface and demonstrated the effectiveness of our approach in preventing such incidents. Our results suggest that the implementation of this method can effectively reduce the incidence of right-turn accidents in autonomous vehicles.
The impact of electrotherapy on the quality of life of patients suffering from chronic migraine and cervicalgia
Authors:   Academician Veyn Clinic for the Treatment of Headaches and Autonomic Disorders, Moscow, Russia, Soskin V. M. , Naprienko M. V. ,   Department of Sports Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, N.V. Sklifosovsky Institute of Clinical Medicine, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

Objective. To evaluate the effect of electrotherapy on quality of life in patients with chronic migraine and neck pain. Material and methods. The study included 45 patients with chronic migraine and neck pain, divided into two groups: the first group (n=25) received treatment with transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), the second group (n=20) received botulinum toxin type A injections PREEMPT scheme. The results were assessed using the MIDAS, HIT-6 and NDI questionnaires before the start of treatment and one month after it began. Results. The use of electrotherapy caused a greater reduction in disability and improved quality of life compared to botulinum toxin. The data obtained indicate the high effectiveness of electrotherapy and the need for its further use in clinical practice to improve the condition of patients with chronic migraine and neck pain.
The use of magnetic stimulation in the medical rehabilitation of children
Authors:   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Lyan N. A. , Khan M. A. ,   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Menovschikova L. B. ,   N.F. Filatov Children's City Hospital of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Lvova A. V., ,   S.I. Spasokukotsky Moscow Center for Research and Practice in Medical Rehabilitation, Restorative and Sports Medicine of the Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russia, Buyanova A. S. ,   .M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia
Published: October 2024

In recent years, magnetotherapy based on the use of various types of magnetic fields for preventive, curative and rehabilitative purposes has been of great interest in Russia and abroad. A new direction in physiotherapy is actively used — magnetic stimulation, which has advantages over electrical stimulation. High-intensity pulsed magnetic therapy has the greatest difference from other types of magnetic therapy, primarily low-frequency magnetic therapy. The effectiveness of the method in a number of diseases of childhood, which has an active stimulating effect on the state of the neuromuscular apparatus, has been proven, which justifies the development and scientific justification of the use of the method in children.
Restoration of the upper limbs of athletes in the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort using the combined application of electro- and peloidotherapy to the cervical– collar area
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agencу, Russia, Ter-Akopov G. N. , Koryagina Yu. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agencу, Russia, Abutalimova S. M. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agencу, Russia, Kushnareva Yu. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agencу, Russia, Nopin S. V. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North Caucasian Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of the Federal Medical and Biological Agencу, Russia
Published: October 2024

Objective. Of the work was to develop a method for restoring the upper limbs of athletes in the Caucasian Mineral Waters resort based on the combined use of electro- and peloid therapy on the cervical-collar area. Material and methods.Was carried out among highly qualified athletes during their stay at training camps in Kislovodsk. 30 athletes took part in the study (23 athletes — the main group and 7 athletes (CG). Before and after the application of the technique, the athletes were examined: the initial level and dynamics of the functional state of the upper extremities (according to electroneuromyography (ENMG) and rheography), as well as hemodynamics of cerebral vessels (according to rheoencephalography). The results of the study showed that a single and course application of electro- and peloid therapy procedures on the cervical-collar area contributes to a significant relaxing effect on the upper limbs of athletes. As a result, a decrease in neuromuscular activity and normalization of excessively increased blood flow, improvement of venous outflow. Conclusion. A method for restoring the upper extremities of athletes has been developed and scientifically substantiated, which is recommended for use especially for relaxation after a training day and during the transition (recovery) period of the training process in sanatorium-resort conditions.
The effectiveness of a combination of neodymium laser (ND:yag 1064 nm) and plasma therapy in the treatment of immature striae
Authors:   Central State Medical Academy of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Petriy M. A. ,   Delight-Lancet LLC, Lancet-Center Clinic, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kruglova L. S. ,   Central State Medical Academy of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Portnov V. V ,   Central State Medical Academy of the Administration of the President of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russian Federation, Manturova N. E. ,   Institute of Plastic Surgery and Cosmetology, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

Objective. Сorrection of stretch marks is a pressing problem in dermatology and cosmetology due to their widespread prevalence and negative impact on the quality of life of patients. Early treatment for stretch marks is more effective and allows you to achieve an acceptable aesthetic result in a shorter period. Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of treatment of red (young) stretch marks using a neodymium Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser, plasma therapy and their combination. Material and methods: The study included 66 people with immature striae, who were divided into three compared groups: in group I, patients were treated using a neodymium laser (Nd:YAG 1064 nm), in group II — using injections of plasma therapy (PT), in group III, a combined effect was used to correct stretch marks — the use of Nd:YAG 1064 nm and plasma therapy. The study used both integral indicators, such as the DISHS and SKINDEX-29 scales, and specialized diagnostic methods, including measuring the thickness of the dermis using ultrasound diagnostics of the skin, examining the skin using the Aramo ASW-300 apparatus, and assessing microcirculation indicators in the lesions. Results: All therapeutic approaches used in this study demonstrated significant clinical efficacy in the treatment of immature striae. If comparable improvement was observed in the Nd:YAG 1064 nm and plasma therapy groups, then their combination was more effective in all compared characteristics. At the same time, in comparison with Nd:YAG 1064 nm, the use of plasma therapy in the treatment of stretch marks showed greater effectiveness in influencing the quality characteristics of the skin — hydration and elasticity. At the same time, in the Nd:YAG 1064 nm group there was a more pronounced decrease in the size of red striae. Conclusion: A combined technique using Nd:YAG 1064 nm laser exposure and plasma therapy allows one to simultaneously influence various parts of the pathogenesis of striae, which helps to achieve a more pronounced clinical result.
First experience using a plate for fixing histological specimens of parotid salivary gland tumors
Authors: Vishnyova N. V. , Lanina A. N. , Tyurin A. G. , Kalakutsky N. V. , Petropavlovskaya O. Y. , Kutukova S. I. , Yaremenko A. I.
Published: October 2024

Relevance. Accurately assessing all resection margins during the removal of parotid salivary gland tumors is crucial due to the risk of recurrence and the potential for benign processes to become malignant over time. Macroscopic specimens obtained during these surgeries are sent to the pathology laboratory in containers filled with fixative solution. During fixation, the soft tissue fragments, typically round in shape, can alter their configuration because of the tissue's heterogeneity. This can create challenges for the pathologist in properly orienting the surgical specimen, which in turn complicates the precise evaluation of the resection margins.

Materials and methods. To address this issue, the "Plate for fixing histological specimens of parotid salivary gland tumors" (patented) was developed. Twenty cases of its clinical use were analyzed: the surgical material (parotid gland tissue containing a tumor) was sent to the pathology department, fixed on this plate to preserve its original anatomical orientation. A macroscopic and histological evaluation of the neoplasms was then carried out, with special attention given to the accurate identification of all resection margins. In all 20 clinical cases, the use of this invention improved the convenience for the pathologist in handling the excised tissue block by standardizing the method and clearly identifying the resection margins.

Conclusion. The application of this invention enhances the accuracy of marking and evaluating the resection margins in parotid gland tumors.
Making decisions about antidepressant use during pregnancy: a qualitative interview study of a sample of women in the United Kingdom
Authors: James Heather , Smith Sophie , Rai Dheeraj , Culpin Iryna , Turner Katrina
Published: October 2024

Background An increasing number of pregnant women now take antidepressants. Many pregnant women experience ‘decisional conflict’ when deciding whether to take antidepressants, but little is known about the attitudes and experiences influencing these decisions. Aim To explore the attitudes and experiences influencing women’s decisions about antenatal antidepressant use. Design and setting A qualitative study using in-depth interviews with a sample of UK women who experienced antenatal depression or took antidepressants antenatally within the preceding three years. Method Recruitment adverts were placed by a perinatal mental health charity and on parenting forums and social media platforms, resulting in a convenience sample. Interview data was coded and analysed with thematic analysis using QSR NVivo. Results Twenty-two women were interviewed; half had taken antidepressants during pregnancy. Most women had concerns about adverse effects and viewed antidepressants as adjunctive to non-pharmacological treatments, which were reported as difficult to access. Some women reported that professional advice was insufficiently detailed. Women described the need to cope with their symptoms, their baby, and existing responsibilities, and related their decisions to their perceived ability to cope. This perception was influenced by physical and emotional challenges relating to pregnancy. Women’s decisions were influenced by their previous experiences and by the perceived societal expectations placed on pregnant women. Conclusion Decision-making is a complex and dynamic process, personal to each woman’s circumstances. Perceived ability to cope is an important factor in decision-making. Detailed information should be offered to women to support with decision-making in relation to antenatal medication use.
The Impact of International Standards on the Exports of the Least Developed Countries: Considering the Mediating Effect of Technological Level
Authors:   Society for Standards, Certification and Safety, Park Taejun , Cho Keuntae
Published: October 2024

While previous studies have analyzed the impact of standards on trade between regions and countries, there has been limited research on how international standards affect the overall exports of countries that do not actively participate in international standardization. This study aims to investigate the impact of ISO international standards on the exports of countries that do not actively participate in international standardization, and to examine whether the technological level of a country serves as a mediating variable in this process. Through this, the study seeks to verify whether ISO achieves its goal of harmonizing global standards to promote trade. For the analysis, a regression analysis was conducted using the export volume of least developed countries (LDCs) as the dependent variable and ISO international standards as the independent variable, with the technological level of each country as a mediating variable. The analysis results indicated that ISO international standards positively influence the exports of LDCs, and the technological level fully mediates the process through which international standards affect exports. Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on the impact of international standards on the exports of LDCs rather than developed countries, and holds significance as an initial study exploring the mediating role of variables in this process.
Correlation between anthropometric indices, blood fat composition and glycated hemoglobin levels in Korean nondiabetic adults
Authors:   Society for Standards, Certification and Safety, Jo Sumin , Ham Wonju , Park Sangsoo
Published: October 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic adult disease whose prevalence increases with age, with a high prevalence of 30% in people in their 70s, leading to fatal complications. Risk factors for diabetes include weight, waist circumference, BMI, weight-corrected waist circumference index (WWI), and cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which are blood fat levels. In this study, using data from the South Korean 8th National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the average values of these risk factors by age group were investigated for men and women among 4,497 adults over 30 years of age without diabetes. In addition, the Pearson correlation coefficient and significance probability between the glycated hemoglobin level and each risk factor were calculated in all subjects. The investigation of average weight and waist circumference by age group showed that men's weight decreased with age and waist circumference remained constant, while women's weight decreased and waist circumference increased with age. Cholesterol levels increased and then decreased with age, showing the highest values in men in their 40s and women in their 50s. In the 40s, triglyceride levels were highest in men, and the difference between men and women was greatest. However, in men, it decreased with age, and vice versa in women, so it showed almost no difference at 70 and older. The correlation between the risk factors of the anthropometric indices and the glycated hemoglobin level was highest for WWI, with a correlation coefficient of 0.333. The correlation was in the following order from high: WWI > waist circumference > BMI > weight. The blood triglyceride level had a correlation coefficient of 0.121 with the glycated hemoglobin level, which was twice as large as the correlation coefficient with cholesterol of 0.600. All risk factors strongly correlated with the glycated hemoglobin level, with a significance probability below 10-6.
Summary: ASBPA Coastal Summit 2024
Authors: Government Affairs Committee ASBPA
Published: October 2024

The American Shore and Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA), established in 1926, is dedicated to preserving and enhancing coastal areas through the integration of science and public policy. The organization advocates for healthy, sustainable, and resilient coastal systems, emphasizing the importance of federal Coastal Storm Risk Management (CSRM) projects. The ASBPA Coastal Summit 2024, themed “Shaping Coastal Futures: Implementing Science-Based Resilience Policies,” convened 111 coastal practitioners in Washington, D.C. The Summit aims to address pressing challenges and advocate for science-based policies to ensure the sustainability and resilience of coastal systems.
Структурно-функциональное ремоделирование левого желудочка после биопротезирования аортального клапана по поводу аортального стеноза
Authors: Тарасевич С.В. , Жерко О.М. , Крачак Д.И. , Галицкая С.С.
Published: October 2024

Цель. Оценить динамику обратного структурно-функционального ремоделирования левого желудочка у пациентов, перенесших изолированную замену аортально- го клапана по поводу тяжелого стеноза с использованием шовных биологических протезов. Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 33 пациента с тяжелым аортальным стенозом, которым выполнена изолированная хирургическая замена клапана. Всем проводили эхокардиографию по общепринятой методике. Результаты. В отдаленном периоде наблюдается статистически значимое уменьшение массы миокарда, индекса массы миокарда, толщины межжелудочковой перегородки и задней стенки левого желудочка, отношения массы миокарда к конечно- диастолическому объему левого желудочка, относительной толщины стенки левого желудочка, увеличение амплитуды движения латерального края фиброзного кольца митрального клапана в М-режиме и в режиме тканевой импульсно-волновой допплерографии, глобальной и регионарных деформаций левого желудочка, исследованных методом «спекл-слежения». Заключение. После имплантации биологических протезов в отдаленном периоде формируется обратное структурно-функциональное ремоделирование левого желудочка.

Purpose. To evaluate the dynamics of reverse structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle in patients who underwent isolated aortic valve replacement for severe stenosis using suture biological prostheses. Materials and methods. The research included 33 patients with severe aortic stenosis who underwent isolated surgical valve replacement. All patients underwent echocardiography using standard methods. Results. In the long-term period, statistically significant decreases in myocardial mass, in myocardial mass index, in thickness of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle, in the ratio of myocardial mass to the end-diastolic volume of the left ventricle, in relative wall thickness, as well as increase in the amplitude of movement of the lateral edge of the fibrous ring of the mitral valve in M-mode and tissue Doppler method, and a decrease of global and regional LV deformation were revealed using the speckle tracking method. Conclusion. After implantation of biological prostheses, a reverse structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle is formed in the long-term period.
Инфекционные осложнения после ортотопической трансплантации сердца: текущее состояние и перспективы
Authors: Супоненко З.С. , Якушева У.Г. , Трошина А.М. , Мищанчук Е.А. , Роговский Е.А. , Валентюкевич А.В. , Григоренко Е.А. , Митьковская Н.П.
Published: October 2024

Распространенность болезней системы кровообращения (БСК) продолжает расти, оставаясь главной причиной смертности среди трудоспособного населения в мире и Республике Беларусь. Хроническая сердечная недостаточность (ХСН) является следствием большинства БСК, а ее терминальная стадия представляет собой серьезную медико-социальную проблему. Смертность среди таких пациентов превышает 50% в течение года. Ортотопическая трансплантация сердца (ОТС) признана «золотым стандартом» лечения терминальной ХСН, обеспечивая не только продление жизни, но и значительное улучшение ее качества. Основными причинами терминальной сердечной недостаточности являются дилатационная кардиомиопатия, ишемическая кардиомиопатия и хроническая ревматическая болезнь сердца. После ОТС инфекционные осложнения (ИО) остаются ведущей причиной смертности, что связано с многочисленными факторами. Основным из них является необходимость пожизненной иммуносупрессивной терапии для предотвращения отторжения трансплантата.

The prevalence of circulatory system diseases (CSD) still growing, remaining the main cause of mortality among the working-age population worldwide generally, and in the Republic of Belarus particularly. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a consequence of most cardiovascular diseases, and its terminal stage represents a serious medical and social challenge. Mortality rates among such patients exceed 50% within a year. Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is recognized as the "gold standard" for treating terminal CHF, providing both life prolongation, but also a significant improvement in its quality. The main causes of terminal heart failure are dilated cardiomyopathy, ischemic cardiomyopathy, and chronic rheumatic heart disease. After orthotopic heart transplantation, infectious complications (IC) remain the leading cause of mortality due to numerous factors. The primary one is the need for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy to prevent transplant rejection.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ СТЕЙБЛКОИНА КАК СРЕДСТВА МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ РАСЧЕТОВ
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА О.Ю. , КОРНЕВ А.С.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассмотрена экономическая сущность стейблкоина, также рассматриваются перспективы использования стейблкоинов - криптовалют, стоимость которых привязана к стоимости традиционных валют или других стабильных активов, - в качестве инновационного инструмента для международных расчетов. Проанализированы практики применения стейблкоинов на текущем этапе их развития, а также потенциальных рисков и преимуществ, связанных с их использованием в глобальной финансовой системе.

The article examines the economic essence of the stablecoin, and also examines the prospects for using stablecoins - cryptocurrencies whose value is tied to the value of traditional currencies or other stable assets - as an innovative tool for international settlements. The article analyzes the practices of using stablecoins at the current stage of their development, as well as the potential risks and benefits associated with their use in the global financial system.
РАЗВИТИЕ ПРОЦЕССОВ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОГО РАЗДЕЛЕНИЯ ТРУДА В ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ СИСТЕМЕ КИТАЯ
Authors: ШЭНМИН В.
Published: October 2024

В работе рассматривается экономика КНР. Отмечается, что она является одним из наиболее интенсивно развивающихся и одновременно финансово эффективных сегментов современного мирового хозяйства. Как показано в работе, экономическая система КНР сравнительно менее тяжело перенесла и последствия пандемийной ситуации 2020-2023 гг. по сравнению с экономическими системами большинства развитых государств мирового хозяйства. Одним из основных конкурентных преимуществ экономической системы КНР, обуславливающих ее место в системе международного разделения труда, в т.ч. в зоне АТР, является сравнительно низкая стоимость рабочей силы. Данный фактор сложился исторически, ввиду перенаселенности Китая, существенно более высокой, по сравнению, например, с государствами Европы и, тем более, РФ плотностью населения в расчете на квадратный километр площади страны. Соответственно, на большинстве отраслевых рынков труда Китая, особенно в сегменте рабочих с низким уровнем квалификации, предложение трудовых ресурсов устойчиво превышает спрос на последние, что, соответственно, сказывается на относительном снижении ставок заработной платы. Традиционным конкурентным преимуществом экономической системы КНР является выгодное экономико-географическое положение.

The work examines the economy of the People's Republic of China. It is noted that it is one of the most intensively developing and at the same time financially effective segments of the modern world economy. As shown in the work, the economic system of the People's Republic of China has withstood the consequences of the pandemic situation of 2020-2023 relatively less severely. compared to the economic systems of most developed countries of the world economy. One of the main competitive advantages of the PRC economic system, which determines its place in the system of the international division of labor, incl. in the Asia-Pacific region, is the relatively low cost of labor. This factor has developed historically due to the overpopulation of China, which has a significantly higher population density per square kilometer of the country’s area than, for example, European countries and, especially, the Russian Federation. Accordingly, in most sectoral labor markets in China, especially in the segment of low-skilled workers, the supply of labor resources consistently exceeds the demand for the latter, which, accordingly, affects the relative decline in wage rates. The traditional competitive advantage of the PRC economic system is its favorable economic and geographical location.
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ В СФЕРЕ ВНУТРЕННЕГО ТУРИЗМА
Authors: КОТОВА Л.Г. , МИШИНА Н.А. , ПРИЛУЦКАЯ О.А.
Published: October 2024

В данной статье рассматривается государственная политика РФ, направленная на развитие отрасли туризма как важной отрасли экономики страны. Доказано, что необходимость взаимодействия государства и частного сектора в туризме обусловлена тем, что такое партнерство способно предоставить новые возможности для развития туристских территорий, человеческого капитала, предприятий реального сектора экономики, социальной инфраструктуры, стимулировать появление конкурентноспособных туристских продуктов. При этом государственная политика должна быть продуманной, отражать объективные возможности развития регионов, способствовать созданию условий для развития предпринимательства в сфере туризма. Обосновано, что роль государства в сфере туризма объясняется следующими причинами: необходимостью обеспечения контроля над туристской деятельностью, которая соответствует основной концепции развития страны; развитием инфраструктуры, без которой процветание туризма невозможно; ролью частного сектора, ориентирующегося, прежде всего, на получение максимальной прибыли, не заинтересованного в развитии тех туристских направлений, которые этой прибыли не приносят, например, молодежного или инклюзивного туризма. Для реализации проектов в сфере туризма часто нужны очень весомые инвестиции, которых частный бизнес осуществить не может, а также в сфере туризма для принятия решений необходима целенаправленная законодательная поддержка государства.

This article examines the state policy of the Russian Federation aimed at developing the tourism industry as an important sector of the country's economy. It has been proven that the need for interaction between the state and the private sector in tourism is due to the fact that such a partnership can provide new opportunities for the development of tourist territories, human capital, enterprises in the real sector of the economy, social infrastructure, and stimulate the emergence of competitive tourism products. At the same time, state policy must be thoughtful, reflect the objective possibilities for the development of regions, and contribute to the creation of conditions for the development of entrepreneurship in the field of tourism. It is substantiated that the role of the state in the tourism sector is explained by the following reasons: the need to ensure control over tourism activities, which corresponds to the basic concept of the country's development; development of infrastructure, without which the prosperity of tourism is impossible; the role of the private sector, focused primarily on obtaining maximum profits, not interested in the development of those tourist destinations that do not bring this profit, for example, youth or inclusive tourism. To implement projects in the field of tourism, very significant investments are often needed, which private business cannot make, and also in the field of tourism, targeted legislative legislation is needed for decisionmaking state support.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ РЕСУРСНОГО ПОТЕНЦИАЛА СHINA NATIONAL PETROLEUM CORPORATION (CNPC) НА ОСНОВЕ ОЦЕНКИ ЭКСТЕНСИВНЫХ И ИНТЕНСИВНЫМ ФАКТОРОВ
Authors: АХМЕТОВА И.А. , ШИХАЛЁВ А.М. , НАДРЕЕВА Л.Л. , ХАФИЗОВ И.И. , КИРЕЕВА-КАРИМОВА А.М. , СВЕЧНИКОВ К.Л. , МИННИГУЛОВ Д.Р.
Published: October 2024

Поиск путей повышения ресурсного потенциала предприятия предполагает использование различных методов эмпирического исследования, в том числе статистические измерения и сравнения. В статье обосновано возрастающее значение достоверных статистических данных по различным направлениям и параметрам, отражающим наиболее важные компоненты ресурсного потенциала организации. Практический интерес представляет возможность оценить потенциал группы компаний CNPC методом составления производственной функции с последующей оценкой степени экстенсивности / интенсивности развития корпорации и построения краткосрочного прогноза.

The search for ways to improve the resource potential of an enterprise involves the use of various methods of empirical research, including statistical measurements and comparisons. The article substantiates the growing importance of reliable statistical data on various areas and parameters reflecting the most important components of the resource potential of the organization. Of practical interest is the possibility to assess the potential of the CNPC group of companies by the method of compiling the production function with the subsequent assessment of the degree of extensive/intensive development of the corporation and the construction of short-term forecast.
СТИМУЛИРОВАНИЕ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВЕ
Authors: СЫЗРАНЦЕВ Г.А. , ЗАРЕЦКИЙ Е.А. , МОРОЗОВ А.В. , ШАБАЕВ Ю.Р.
Published: October 2024

Импортозамещение становится все более актуальной стратегией для различных отраслей экономики, включая строительство. В данной статье рассматриваются основные аспекты импортозамещения в строительной отрасли, его преимущества, вызовы и перспективы. Анализируются меры поддержки государства, технологические инновации и стратегии, способствующие развитию отечественного производства в строительстве.

Import substitution is becoming an increasingly relevant strategy for various sectors of the economy, including construction. This article discusses the main aspects of import substitution in the construction industry, its advantages, challenges and prospects. It analyzes government support measures, technological innovations and strategies that promote the development of domestic production in construction.
ОСНОВНЫЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ИМПОРТОЗАМЕЩЕНИЯ В МОЛОЧНОЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ РОССИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ САНКЦИОННОГО ДАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: ХАНЧИЛО М.А.
Published: October 2024

На сегодняшний день в России проявляется обострение внешнеполитической ситуации, экономического и финансового давления. В таких непростых условиях главный экономический ориентир в государстве - процесс импортозамещения. В статье рассматриваются вопросы активизации импортозамещения в молочной промышленности, благодаря которому внутреннее производство страны сможет самостоятельно обеспечивать себя продовольствием. Проведен анализ влияния экономических санкций на импорт оборудования молочной промышленности.

Today in Russia there is an aggravation of the foreign policy situation, economic and financial pressure. In such difficult conditions, the main economic guideline in the state is the process of import substitution. The article discusses the issues of intensifying import substitution in the dairy industry, thanks to which the country's domestic production will be able to independently provide itself with food. An analysis of the impact of economic sanctions on the import of dairy industry equipment was carried out.
АНАЛИЗ РАЗВИТИЯ РОССИЙСКОГО РЫНКА КАБЕЛЬНОЙ ПРОДУКЦИИ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ
Authors: ГРАНКИНА С.В. , ГИНИАТУЛЛИН А.Р.
Published: October 2024

В статье представлен анализ российского рынка кабельной продукции, которая относится к электротехнической промышленности, обеспечивающих, в том числе, цифровизацию процессов и производств. Производство электротехнической продукции демонстрировало рост до 2020 года, однако, совокупность внутренних и внешних факторов обусловила его падение. В современных условиях отсутствия импортных поставок отечественные предприятия наладили выпуск отдельных видов кабельной продукции, что обеспечило незначительный рост дынного рынка.

The article presents an analysis of the Russian market for cable products, which relate to the electrical industry, ensuring, among other things, the digitalization of processes and production. The production of electrical products showed growth until 2020, however, a combination of internal and external factors caused its decline. In modern conditions of the absence of import supplies, domestic enterprises have launched the production of certain types of cable products, which ensured a slight growth of the melon market.
АНАЛИЗ ТЕНДЕНЦИЙ РАЗВИТИЯ КРУПНЫХ ТОРГОВЫХ СЕТЕЙ В РОССИИ
Authors: КУЗНЕЦОВА Д.А.
Published: October 2024

Данная научная статья представляет анализ розничной торговли в России с акцентом на крупнейшие компании - Х5 Group, Магнит и Лента. Исследование показывает значительное влияние рознич-ной торговли на экономику страны, ее важность для конкуренции и улучшения качества жизни потребителей. Благодаря анализу производительности труда, фондоотдачи и показателей выручки и прибыли этих компаний, сделаны выводы о том, что Х5 и Магнит лидируют на рынке благодаря эффективному управлению ресурсами и увеличению прибыли, в то время как Лента отстает из-за про-блем неэффективного управления производственными фондами.

This scientific article presents an analysis of retail trade in Russia with an emphasis on the largest companies - X5 Group, Magnit and Lenta. The study shows the significant impact of retail trade on the country's economy, its importance for competition and improving the quality of life of consumers. Thanks to the analysis of labor productivity, capital productivity and revenue and profit indicators of these companies, it was concluded that X5 and Magnit lead the market due to effective resource management and increased profits, while Lenta lags behind due to problems of ineffective management of production assets.
СОВРЕМЕННОЕ СОСТОЯНИЕ И МЕХАНИЗМ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ КРИПТОВАЛЮТЫ
Authors: РОДИН Д.Я. , ЗАРУБА Д.С. , МАРТЫНЕНКО А.И. , ДОГАДИНА Д.С. , ТРАХОВА Ф.А.
Published: October 2024

В статье поднимается проблемы современного состояния рынка криптовалют и развитие механизмов их обращения в условиях неопределенности современных реалиях. В процессе исследования авторы выявили рейтинговую оценку криптовалют и криптобирж на основе функционирования онлайн-платформы Trust Score. Приведена схема обращения криптовалюты на основе анализа параметрических индикаторов компаний, использующих криптовалюты в качестве средства обращения и средства платежа. Авторами проведена оценка показателя разводненной стоимости, которая позволяет производить оценку различных видов цифровых финансовых активов. На основании авторской методики стресс-тестирования выявляется уровень устойчивость рынка криптовалют к волатильности рыночных колебаний и нейтрализации ограничений экономического и регулятивного характера. В заключении выявлены приоритетные направления развития сегмента крипторынка: увеличение пунктов обмена криптовалют и внедрение странами криптовалюты в качестве одной из видов оплат на межстрановом уровне.

The article raises the problems of the current state of the crypto-currency market and the development of mechanisms for their circulation in the uncertain conditions of modern realities. In the course of the study, the authors identified a rating assessment of cryptocurrencies and crypto exchanges based on the functioning of the Trust Score online platform. The scheme of circulation of the crypto currency is presented based on the analysis of parametric indicators of companies using cryptocurrencies as a means of circulation and a means of payment. The authors evaluated the diluted value index, which allows for the assessment of various types of digital financial assets. Based on the author's stress testing methodology, the level of stability of the cryptocurrency market to the volatility of market fluctuations and the neutralization of economic and regulatory constraints is revealed. In conclusion, the priority directions for the development of the crypto market segment are revealed: the expansion of cryptocurrency exchange points and the introduction of cryptocurrencies by countries as one of the types of payments at the inter-country level.