bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Growth Behavior of Parthenium hysterophorus as Influenced by Environmental Factors
Authors: Malik Sintu , Singh Samunder , Pooja  , Meenu  , Radheshyam  , Padhan Smruti Ranjan
Published: June 2023

Parthenium hysterophorus is a prime noxious weed across the world and resorting its nativity weed to Tropical North and South America which has invaded more than 50 countries throughout the world. It was accidentally introduced in India with food-grains imported from Mexico. Parthenium plant contains chemicals, like parthenin, hysterin, hymenin, and ambrosin, and due to the presence of these chemicals, the weed exerts strong allelopathic effects on different crops. Parthenin has been reported as a germination inhibitor as well as radical growth inhibitor in a variety of dicot and monocot plants. Because of its strong competitiveness for soil moisture, space and nutrients with crops and its allergenic properties, it poses serious threat to cereal crops and livestock. Parthenium is difficult to control because of its wider adaptation to diverse climatic conditions. The aim of this research article is to explore effect of environmental factors on germination, shoot and root length of Parthenium hysterophorus. The effect of light periods, temperature, pH, osmotic potential and salt stress on germination, shoot and root length of parthenium was studied and found that maximum germination at 16 h (57%), 25°C (81%), pH 7 (98%), 0 MPa (85%) and 0 mM NaCl (84%), respectively and same trend was followed in shoot and root length. Therefore, the understanding of growth behavior of parthenium will help in formulating better management practices for the same.
Effect of Site Specific Nitrogen Management on Grain Quality and Productivity of kharif Rice
Authors: Sahoo S. , Mohapatra B. K. , Paikaray R. K. , Jena S. N. , Rath B. S. , Satapathy M. , Panda R. K. , Mishra K. N. , Das N. , Patra B. , Jena R.
Published: June 2023

A field study was carried out during kharif at the Agronomy Main Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, OUAT, Bhubaneswar with the crop rice. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with twelve site specific nitrogen management practices i.e. T1-RDF (80:40:40 kg N:P2O5:K2O ha-1), T2 - 20 kg N ha-1 at LCC score <4 with no basal N, T3 - 20 kg N ha-1 at LCC score <4 with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal, T4 - 20 g N ha-1  at SPAD value <35 with no basal N, T5- 20 kg N ha-1 at SPAD value <35 with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal, T6- 20 kg N ha-1 at Green seeker (GS) >1.25 RI with no basal N, T7- 20 kg N ha-1 at Green seeker (GS) >1.25 RI with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal, T8- 150 kg N ha-1 (N rich strip plot), T9- N omission plot, T10- STBN, T11- INM (20 kg N ha-1  as FYM at basal + 40 kg N ha-1  at tillering + 20 kg N ha-1  at PI stage), T12- Organic nutrient (FYM 10t ha-1 at basal + 2t ha-1  VC top dressing). The result of the experiment revealed that protein and carbohydrate yield were higher with application of 20 kg N ha-1 at Green seeker (GS) >1.25 RI with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal (410.4 and 4135.1 kg ha-1, respectively) followed by the treatment receiving 20 Kg N ha-1 at SPAD value <35 with 20 Kg N ha-1 at basal (395.5 and 3977.2 kg ha-1, respectively). Application of 20 kg N ha-1 at Green seeker (GS) >1.25 RI with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal recorded significantly higher grain yield (5.68 t ha-1), straw yield (6.57 t ha-1) and harvest index (47 %) followed by 20 kg N ha-1 at SPAD value <35 with 20 kg N ha-1 at basal.
Preparation and Organoleptic Evaluation of Banana Pseudostem Candy
Authors: Marimuthu M. , Easwaran S. , Guhan V. , Vinoth R.
Published: June 2023

Along with the growth and processing of banana fruit, a considerable amount of biomass (pseudostem, bloom, leaves, and suckers) is also produced. The extra biomass is left in the field after bunches are harvested and is either burned, dumped into lakes and rivers or just left on the bunds. This harms the ecology and the wellbeing of living things by contaminating nearby water supplies and the air. The findings of this study suggest that blanching banana pseudostem candy and flavouring it with pine apple may significantly improve the organoleptic ratings for its colour and look, texture, taste and flavour, and general acceptability. The findings revealed that the most consumer-acceptable banana pseudostem candy was made by steam blanching banana cubes for 2.5 minutes, steeping them in 40–60° Brix syrup, and flavouring them with pineapple.
The Application of Seismic Attributes in Fault Detection and Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator in Tomboy Field, Western-Offshore Niger Delta Basin
Authors: Ibekwe Kelechi N. , M. Arukwe Chinazaekpere , Ahaneku Chibuzo V. , Onuigbo Evangeline , Omoareghan Jerry O. , Lanisa Ademola , Oguadinma Vivian O.
Published: June 2023

Seismic attribute analysis is important in subsurface data interpretation, such as seismic interpretation, which could involve seismic stratigraphic and structural interpretation. This interpretation is often hampered by seismic resolution and, sometimes, human inability to identify a subtle feature on the seismic. These factors have frequently led to the poor seismic interpretation of geologic features. Thus, an integral approach to studying structural patterns and hydrocarbon bearing zones using seismic attributes was carried out on the Tomboy field using 3D seismic data covering approximately 56 km2 of the western belt of the Niger Delta. The seismic volume underwent post-stack processing, which enhanced seismic discontinuities. A deep steering volume was first created, and several dip filters were applied to enhance faults in the study area. After that, curvature and similarity attributes were calculated on the dip-steered and fault-enhanced volume. These calculations show detailed geometry of the faults and zones of subtle lineaments. Six faults (F1, F2, F3, F4, F5 and F6) were identified and mapped. These faults range from antithetic to crest growth faults. Two major growth faults (F5 and F6) were revealed to dip in the northeast to southwest directions. A near-extensive crest fault (F4) appeared beneath the major faults. Although several minor fractures were displayed in the southern and central portions of the crest fault of the dipping seismic data, the southwest (F4) and growth fault, F6, are responsible for holding the hydrocarbon found within the identified closures. Using attributes on the seismic data increased confidence in mapping and interpreting structural features. Furthermore, energy attributes were used as Direct Hydrocarbon Indicators (DHI) to visualize viable areas within the study, which allows a more robust interpretation. Time slices were taken in regions of flat and bright spots. The spectral decomposition attribute was run on these slices to display areas of high amplitude reflection typical of hydrocarbon-bearing regions trapped mainly by regional to sub-regional growth faults. The surface attribute calculated on the generated surface shows that the field is predominantly controlled by faults serving as traps for hydrocarbon.
Unpaid Family Caregiving—The Next Frontier of Gender Equity in a Postpandemic Future
Authors: Stall Nathan M. , Shah Nirav R. , Bhushan Devika
Published: June 2023

This Viewpoint discusses how the COVID-19 pandemic has spotlighted the critical role of unpaid family caregiving.
Redox‐Mediated Single‐Molecule Transistor with A Subthreshold Swing Down To 120 mV Decade−1
Authors: Li Yaoguang , Xu Wei , Zou Yu‐Ling , Li Jing , Gao Tengyang , Huang Ruiyun , Chen Lichuan , Xiao Zongyuan , Shi Jia , Yang Yang , Hong Wenjing
Published: June 2023

The single‐molecule electronic devices offer the ultimate solution to miniaturize integrated circuits, and subthreshold swing (SS) is the key indicator of the power consumption for single‐molecule transistors but is still quite restricted. In this study, the redox‐mediated single‐molecule transistor with a SS down to 120 mV decade−1 in the faradaic potential region via the electrochemical‐STM break junction (EC‐STM‐BJ) technique is fabricated. With an off‐state leakage current of less than 10 pA and an on/off ratio of 100, the balance between low static power consumption and a high switching ratio is achieved. The theoretical investigations reveal that the conductance tuning is from the difference of transmission in the redox process. The study provides a new strategy for the design of single‐molecule transistors with promising SS, which is essential for the potential application of single‐molecule devices.
Chemical Reduction of Iodine Impurities and Defects with Potassium Formate for Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Sun Derun , Gao You , Raza Hasan , Liu Sanwan , Ren Fumeng , Hu Xiaodong , Wang Haixin , Meng Xin , Wang Jianan , Chen Rui , Sun Huande , He Jizhou , Zhou Jing , Pan Yongyan , Sun Zhenxing , Chen Wei , Liu Zonghao
Published: June 2023

The performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is negatively affected by iodine (I2) impurities generated from the oxidation of iodide ions in the perovskite precursor powder, solution, and perovskite films. In this study, the use of potassium formate (HCOOK) as a reductant to minimize the presence of detrimental I2 impurities is presented. It is demonstrated that HCOOK can effectively reduce I2 back to I− in the precursor solution as well as in the devices under external conditions. Furthermore, the introduced formate anion (HCOO−) and alkali metal cation (K+) can reduce the defect density within the perovskite film by modulating perovskite growth and passivating electronic defects, significantly prolonging the carrier lifetime and reducing the J–V hysteresis. Consequently, the maximum efficiency of the HCOOK‐doped planar n–i–p PSCs reaches 23.8%. After 1000 h of operation at maximum power point tracking under continuous 1 sun illumination, the corresponding encapsulated devices retain 94% of their initial efficiency.
Flexible and Transparent Photovoltaic‐Based Broadband Photocommunication Window
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Lee Junsik , Patel Malkeshkumar , Jee Hongsub , Lee Jaehyeong , Kim Joondong
Published: June 2023

Smart buildings and near‐zero‐energy buildings require building integrated photovoltaic systems to minimize energy consumption and achieve photocommunication. Windows can be the next replaceable entity in smart buildings with smart photocommunication windows. It can provide a novel means of wireless and secured communication. The transparent photovoltaics (TPV) based photocommunication window can also produce on‐site power to provide power to run applications of internet of things. A TPV device can be used as the receiver to collect the encoded signals, and its physical flexibility is imperative to its installation on any curved surfaces. In this work, a Ga2O3/Cu2O heterojunction‐based flexible TPV (FTPV) that acts as a photocommunication window to sense Morse code‐embedded photosignals is developed and power is produced. The FTPV provides a high open‐circuit voltage of 613 mV with an average visible transmittance of 52.3%. The device is capable of detecting broadband photoresponses in the range from UV to NIR. The FTPV also remains highly robust after a number of cycles of bending and continues to record Morse code signals over a wide range of broadband photosignals. It also has an ultra‐UV‐blocking feature that makes it suitable for use to prevent chronic diseases caused by exposure to UV radiation.
Materials, Device Structures, and Applications of Flexible Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Jang Jae Hong , Li Shi , Kim Dae‐Hyeong , Yang Jiwoong , Choi Moon Kee
Published: June 2023

The flexible type of displays, which can alter their shape freely (e.g., bendable or foldable displays) according to situational demands, is under an intense spotlight due to applications in human‐friendly mobile electronics. Among various types of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), meanwhile, perovskite‐based LEDs (PeLEDs) have garnered particular attention in recent years as next‐generation optoelectronic devices due to their exceptional optical characteristics, such as high efficiency (up to theoretical limits), high color purity, wide color gamut over the entire visible range, and ultrathin form factor. By integrating perovskite materials on an ultrathin flexible substrate with a proper encapsulation layer, the flexible PeLEDs, which can conform to various curved surfaces and be stably operated in an ambient condition, have been developed. Here, recent advances of the flexible PeLEDs are reviewed. First, light‐emitting materials and device structures for the PeLEDs are introduced. Then, research progress on the flexible PeLEDs, either with and without the encapsulation layer are summarized. Next, some representative application examples of the flexible PeLEDs are briefly discussed. Finally, this review includes a brief discussion on future prospects.
Thermal Stability and Outgassing Behaviors of High‐nickel Cathodes in Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Zehao , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: June 2023

LiNiO2‐based high‐nickel layered oxide cathodes are regarded as promising cathode materials for high‐energy‐density automotive lithium batteries. Most of the attention thus far has been paid towards addressing their surface and structural instability issues brought by the increase of Ni content (>90 %) with an aim to enhance the cycle stability. However, the poor safety performance remains an intractable problem for their commercialization in the market, yet it has not received appropriate attention. In this review, we focus on the gas generation and thermal degradation behaviors of high‐Ni cathodes, which are critical factors in determining their overall safety performance. A comprehensive overview of the mechanisms of outgassing and thermal runaway reactions is presented and analyzed from a chemistry perspective. Finally, we discuss the challenges and the insights into developing robust, safe high‐Ni cathodes.
Anthracene‐Porphyrin Nanoribbons
Authors: Zhu He , Chen Qiang , Rončević Igor , Christensen Kirsten E. , Anderson Harry L.
Published: June 2023

π‐Conjugated nanoribbons attract interest because of their unusual electronic structures and charge‐transport behavior. Here, we report the synthesis of a series of fully edge‐fused porphyrin‐anthracene oligomeric ribbons (dimer and trimer), together with a computational study of the corresponding infinite polymer. The porphyrin dimer and trimer were synthesized in high yield, via oxidative cyclodehydrogenation of singly linked precursors, using 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐dicyano‐1,4‐benzoquinone (DDQ) and trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TfOH). The crystal structure of the dimer shows that the central π‐system is flat, with a slight S‐shaped wave distortion at each porphyrin terminal. The extended π‐conjugation causes a dramatic red‐shift in the absorption spectra: the absorption maxima of the fused dimer and trimer appear at 1188 nm and 1642 nm, respectively (for the nickel complexes dissolved in toluene). The coordinated metal in the dimer was changed from Ni to Mg, using p‐tolylmagnesium bromide, providing access to free‐base and Zn complexes. These results open a versatile avenue to longer π‐conjugated nanoribbons with integrated metalloporphyrin units.
Characteristics of Nepartak (2021), a subtropical cyclone controlled by an upper‐tropospheric cutoff low
Authors: Irie Kenta , Takemi Tetsuya
Published: June 2023

This study investigated the structural and track change of cyclone Nepartak occurred over the western North Pacific in July 2021, a cyclone appeared at the surface level, using ERA5 data, focusing on the relationship with an upper‐tropospheric cutoff low (COL). The COL was shown to dominate the structural change of Nepartak which developed as a subtropical cyclone with a hybrid structure. As the surface cyclone approached the COL, it was overlapped by the COL and became a cyclone with a two‐storied structure, resulting in its abrupt track change. An analysis of the potential vorticity (PV) tendency showed that the movement of Nepartak toward the COL ceased because of the counter‐balance of the horizontal/vertical PV advection with the PV anomaly generated by diabatic heating, whereas the surface cyclone northward motion was primarily due to the horizontal PV advection associated with the COL. Nepartak is a case in which changes in the structure and track of a cyclone are controlled by a COL.
3D Carbon Coating Enabled High‐capacity and Stable Micro‐sized Silicon Suboxide‐graphite Blended Anodes for Practical Lithium‐ion Batteries
Authors: Ma Fei , Li Yingbo , Liu Bin , Wu Jingkun , Wu Yuhu , Lu Jun , Zhong Cheng , Hu Wenbin
Published: June 2023

Silicon oxide (SiOx) is a promising anode candidate of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its extremely high specific capacity. However, the low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE) and rapid capacity degradation of SiOx, triggered by the enormous volume variation upon repeated (de)lithiation, gravely hinder its practical use. Herein, two mass‐produced micro‐sized SiOx@C composites with obviously different morphologies for commercial LIBs are reported. Particularly, the SiOx‐graphite blended anode (SiOx@3D‐G‐Gr) based on SiOx wrapped by three‐dimensional (3D) carbon layers (SiOx@3D‐G) exhibits a capacity of 519 mAh g−1, an ICE of 90.0 % and a capacity retention of 83.4 % at 0.2 C over 100 cycles. which is far exceeding its counterpart SiOx@C‐H‐Gr (65.7 %). The obtained impressive properties of SiOx@3D‐G originate from the critical contribution of 3D carbon layers, which serves as the effective stress buffer and protective layer as well as the strong networks for electron/Li+ transport. Accordingly, the full‐cell based on SiOx@3D‐G‐Gr anode and commercial LiCoO2 cathode delivers a capacity of 803 mAh and an excellent capacity retention of 95.6 % (616 mAh, 96.6 % for graphite, respectively) at 1 C over 100 cycles with a stabilized CE of nearly 100 %. The micro‐sized SiOx@3D‐G showing a promising prospect in the commercial‐grade anodes in LIBs.
Unlocking the potential of women in a male dominated society: Key challenges and solutions in integrating women in digital economic activities
Authors: Islam Md Asadul , Hossain Md Shahadat , Pullen Emma , Rahman Mahfuzur
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to explore the challenges faced by women in participating in digital economic activities in Bangladesh and explore solutions to the challenges encountered by women while engaging in digital economic activities in Bangladesh. A qualitative approach was employed with 16 women directly involved in digital economic activities and research interviewed. These interviews provided rich qualitative data and outlined some challenges and possible solutions to promote women's engagement in the digital economy in Bangladesh. Key challenges identified were a lack of technological knowledge and interest, higher costs and inflation, higher interest rates on loans, a complicated loans process, male domination, lower government support, and few digital educational programs. Solutions proposed included: training and development programs, increased seminars and symposiums, more government funding, interest‐free loans, a simple loan process, technological education, as well as the establishment of childcare centers. Henceforth, the current offers theoretical and practical implications.
Synthesis, Biological Evaluation and Action Mechanism Study of New Mitochondria‐Targeted Curcumin Derivative as Potential Antitumor Drugs
Authors: Lu Zhuhang , Gao Ziwei , Song Haoying , Zhou Ying , Yuan Wei , Wang Xuelian , Zhang Luxi , Hong Yi , Meng Yan , Hu Junjie , Zheng Guohua , Chang Cong
Published: June 2023

Mitochondria have emerged as important targets in cancer therapy due to their key role in regulating energy supply, maintaining redox homeostasis, and intrinsic apoptosis. Curcumin (CUR) has shown promise in inhibiting the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells by inducing apoptosis and arresting cell cycle. However, the clinical application of CUR has been limited by its low stability and poor tumor selectivity. To address these issues, the novel mitochondria‐targeted curcumin derivatives were synthesized through the unilateral coupling (CUR‐T) or bilateral coupling (CUR‐2T) of curcumin's phenolic hydroxy groups with triphenyl phosphorus via ester bond. The aim was to achieve better stability, higher tumor selectivity, and stronger curative efficacy. The results of stability and biological experiments indicated that both stability and cytotoxicity were arranged in descending order of CUR‐2T>CUR‐T>CUR. In ovarian cancer cells (A2780 cells), CUR‐2T showed well‐defined preferential selectivity towards cancer cells and exhibited efficient anticancer efficacy due to its superior mitochondria accumulation ability. Subsequently, the mitochondrial redox balance was disrupted, accompanied by increased ROS levels, decreased ATP levels, dissipated MMP, and increased G0/G1 phase arrest, leading to a higher apoptotic rate. In summary, the results of this study suggest that CUR‐2T holds substantial promise for further development as a potential agent for the treatment of ovarian cancer.
Regiospecific Reduction of 4,6‐Dinitrobenzimidazoles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Abouelhaoul El Alami , El Kihel Abdellatif , Ahbala Mustapha , Sdassi Hamid , Köhler Leonhard H. F. , Bauchat Patrick , Roisnel Thierry , Khan Tariq A. , Al Nasr Ibrahim S. , Koko Waleed S. , Schobert Rainer , Biersack Bernhard
Published: June 2023

The regiospecific reduction of 4,6‐dinitrobenzimidazole derivatives leading to the corresponding 4‐amino‐6‐nitrobenzimidazoles was studied. The identification of the formed product structures was accomplished by spectroscopic and X‐ray diffraction data. The anticancer and antiparasitic activities of the synthesized compounds were examined, and promising activities againstToxoplasma gondiiandLeishmania majorparasites were discovered for certain 4,6‐dinitrobenzimidazoles in addition to moderate anticancer activities of the 4‐amino‐6‐nitrobenzimidazole derivatives againstT. gondiicells. However, the tumor cell experiments revealed a promising sensitivity of p53‐negative colon cancer cells to these compounds.
Evaluation of Acetic Acid‐Induced Chronic Gastric Ulcer Healing by Propionyl‐L‐Carnitine Administration
Authors: Ipek Emrah , Ekren Aşıcı Gamze Sevri , Epikmen Erkmen Tuğrul , Abbak Mürüvvet , Kurt Büşra Kibar , Özsoy Şule Yurdagül , Tunca Recai
Published: June 2023

The aim of our study was to investigate the healing effect of propionyl‐L‐carnitine (PLC) on chronic gastric ulcers and its underlying mechanisms. This study included rats with gastric ulcers induced by applying serosal glacial acetic acid. These rats were then given either saline (vehicle) or PLC at doses of 60 and 120 mg/kg, administered orally 3 days after ulcer induction for 14 consecutive days. Our study found that treatment with PLC resulted in a reduction of the gastric ulcer area, a faster rate of ulcer healing, and stimulated mucosal restoration. Additionally, the treatment with PLC reduced the number of Iba‐1+ M1 macrophages while increasing the number of galectin‐3+ M2 macrophages, as well as desmin+ microvessels, and α‐SMA+ myofibroblasts in the gastric ulcer bed. The mRNA expression of COX‐2, eNOS, TGF‐β1, VEGFA, and EGF in the ulcerated gastric mucosa was greater in the PLC‐treated groups compared with the vehicle‐treated rats. In conclusion, these findings suggest that PLC treatment may accelerate gastric ulcer healing by stimulating mucosal reconstruction, macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, and fibroblast proliferation, as well as fibroblast‐myofibroblast transition. This process is associated with the upregulation of TGF‐β1, VEGFA, and EGF, as well as modulation of the cyclooxygenase/nitric oxide synthase systems.
New Halogenated Flavonoids from Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo and Their α‐Glucosidase Inhibition
Authors: Nguyen Ngoc‐Hong , Duong Thuc‐Huy , Truong Nguyen Huy , Vu Y Thien , Tran Thi‐Minh‐Dinh , Ho Thi‐Thanh‐Van , Mai Chi‐Cong , Mai Dinh‐Tri , Nguyen Hoang‐Chuong , Thuy Le Huong , Pham Duc‐Dung
Published: June 2023

Adenosma bracteosum and Vitex negundo are natural sources of methoxylated flavonoids. Little is known about the α‐glucosidase inhibition of multi‐methoxylated flavonoid derivatives. Eighteen natural flavonoids were isolated from A. bracteosum and V. negundo. Seven halogenated derivatives were synthesized. Their chemical structures were elucidated by extensive NMR analysis and high‐resolution mass spectroscopy as well as comparisons in literature. All compounds were evaluated for their α‐glucosidase inhibition. Most compounds showed good activity with IC50 values ranging from 16.7 to 421.8 μM. 6,8‐Dibromocatechin was the most active compound with an IC50 value of 16.7 μM. A molecular docking study was conducted, indicating that those compounds are potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors.
Alpiniamides E–G from the Saline Lake‐Derived Streptomyces sp. QHA48 and Their Lipid Accumulation Inhibitory Activity
Authors: Tang Xin‐Yi , Mao Chu‐Ru , Fang Jie‐Bin , Ma Zhong‐Jun , Huang Yun , Wang Dan
Published: June 2023

Alpiniamides E–G, three previously unreported linear polyketide derivatives, along with two known compounds, were isolated from Streptomyces sp. QHA48, which was isolated from the saline lakes of Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau. The structures of these compounds were determined through analysis of their spectroscopic data, as well as density functional theory prediction of NMR chemical shifts, application of the DP4+ algorithm and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations. In a cell‐based lipid‐lowering assay, all five alpiniamides exhibited significant inhibition of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells without inducing cytotoxic effects at a concentration of 27 μM.
A case of early gastric necrosis due to ingestion of an acidic toilet cleaner
Authors: Ushio Masaya
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

A patient presenting to the emergency room with abdominal pain due to acidic cleaner ingestion, whether accidentally or intentionally, should undergo contrast‐enhanced computed tomography (CT). If no abnormalities are noted on CT early after ingestion, the patient should be reviewed with a repeat CT within 3–6 h.
Persistent hypotension and other complications of celiac plexus neurolysis: A case report and literature review
Authors: dos Santos Silva Rhuann Pontes , Lopes Arthur José Maia , Bezerra Roberto Borges , Andrade Rafael Albanez , Andrade Rebeca Gonelli , da Costa Larissa Monteiro Ferreira , de Albuquerque da Cunha Andrade Carolina Albanez
Published: June 2023

Key Clinical Message

Persistent hypotension is a rare complication of celiac plexus neurolysis. It is important to know what are the main and rare complications and how to treat these in patients who undergo CPN.

Celiac plexus neurolysis is an effective treatment for visceral abdominal pain in oncological patients. Although it rarely has complications, some side effects may occur. A patient with visceral abdominal pain who developed long‐lasting orthostatic hypotension and was treated with the use of corticosteroids after a neurolytic celiac plexus block for intractable pain. We describe a rare complication and its treatment and we emphasize the importance of having a guide for the management and treatment of rare complications. We also suggest that every patient be informed about complications, from the most common to the rarest.
Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles as Clients of Biomolecular Condensates
Authors: Viola Giovanna , Floriani Fulvio , Barracchia Carlo Giorgio , Munari Francesca , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Assfalg Michael
Published: June 2023

Liquid‐liquid phase separation (LLPS) of biopolymers to form condensates is a widespread phenomenon in living cells. Agents that target or alter condensation can help uncover elusive physiological and pathological mechanisms. Owing to their unique material properties and modes of interaction with biomolecules, nanoparticles represent attractive condensate‐targeting agents.

Our work focused on elucidating the interaction between ultrasmall gold nanoparticles (usGNPs) and diverse types of condensates of tau, a representative phase‐separating protein associated with neurodegenerative disorders. usGNPs attract considerable interest in the biomedical community due to unique features, including emergent optical properties and good cell penetration. We explored the interaction of usGNPs with reconstituted self‐condensates of tau, two‐component tau/polyanion and three‐component tau/RNA/alpha‐synuclein coacervates. The usGNPs were found to concentrate into condensed liquid droplets, consistent with the formation of dynamic client (nanoparticle) ‐ scaffold (tau) interactions, and were observable thanks to their intrinsic luminescence. Furthermore, usGNPs were capable to promote LLPS of a protein domain which is unable to phase separate on its own.

Our study demonstrates the ability of usGNPs to interact with and illuminate protein condensates. We anticipate that nanoparticles will have broad applicability as nanotracers to interrogate phase separation, and as nanoactuators controlling the formation and dissolution of condensates.
Exosome‐derived ANXA9 functions as an oncogene in breast cancer
Authors: Lu Cuiping , Zhan Ying , Jiang Yunshan , Liao Jianrong , Qiu Zidan
Published: June 2023

Breast cancer (BCA) is one of the most prevalent cancers among women. Emerging evidence has revealed that Annexin A‐9 (ANXA9) plays a crucial function in the development of some cancers. Notably, ANXA9 has been reported to be a new prognostic biomarker for gastric and colorectal cancers. However, its expression and biological function in BCA have not yet been investigated. Using online bioinformatics tools such as TIMER, GEPIA, HPA, and UALCAN, we predicted ANXA9 expression and its correlation with the clinicopathological characteristics of BCA patients. RT‐qPCR and western blot were utilized to measure ANXA9 mRNA and ANXA9 protein expression in BCA patient tissues and cells. BCA‐derived exosomes were identified by transmission electron microscopy. Functional assays were employed to evaluate the biological role of ANXA9 in BCA cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. A tumor xenograft in vivo model was utilized to assess the role of ANXA9 in tumor growth in mice. Bioinformatics and functional screening analysis revealed that ANXA9 was highly expressed in BCA patient tissues, with median ANXA9 expression 1.5‐ to 2‐fold higher than in normal tissues (p < 0.05). RT‐qPCR confirmed that ANXA9 expression in BCA tissues was around 1.5‐fold higher than the adjacent normal tissues (p < 0.001). ANXA9 expression in different subtypes of BCA also showed a difference, and ANXA9 was found to be mostly significantly upregulated in luminal BCA relative to normal tissues or other histological subtypes (p < 0.001). Moreover, ANXA9 expression was elevated in different races, ages, clinical stages, node metastasis status, and menopause status groups relative to the normal group (p < 0.001). Furthermore, ANXA9 was found to be secreted by BCA tissue‐derived exosomes and its expression was upregulated 1‐ to 7‐fold in BCA cells treated with exosomes (p < 0.001), while its expression in MCF10A cells was not significantly altered by treatment with exosomes (p > 0.05). ANXA9 silencing induced a significant decrease of around 30% in the colony number of BCA cells (p < 0.01). The number of migrated and invaded BCA cells also decreased by around 65 and 68%, respectively, after silencing ANXA9 (p < 0.01). Tumor size was significantly reduced (nearly half) in the LV‐sh‐ANXA9 group relative to the LV‐NC group in the xenograft model (p < 0.01), suggesting that ANXA9 silencing repressed tumor progression in BCA progression in vitro and in vivo. In conclusion, exosome‐derived ANXA9 functions as an oncogene that facilitates the proliferation, migration, and invasiveness of BCA cells and enhances tumor growth in BCA development, which may provide a new prognostic and therapeutic biomarker for BCA patients.
Investigation of Carbonate Substitution in Hydroxyapatite by Combining Solid‐state NMR and DFT Calculations
Authors: Su Yangyang , Brigiano Flavio Siro , Petit Ivan , Leroy César , Bonhomme Christian , Babonneau Florence , Tielens Frederik , Gervais Christel
Published: June 2023

Biological apatites (main constituent of natural bones) correspond to non‐stoichiometric hydroxyapatite HAp, presenting a large variety of ions as substituents (CO32−, F−, SiO44−, Mg2+, Na+…). The precise location and configuration of ionic substitutes in the HAp matrix are generally difficult to identify and characterize. This contribution details the structural characterization based on NMR data of a particular case of hydroxyapatite substitution by carbonates. For this purpose, all substitution mechanisms proposed to our knowledge in the literature are modeled by DFT and the corresponding calculated NMR parameters allowed to propose or confirm some interpretations of a certain number of experimental observations to rationalize the dependencies of the 13C chemical shift and energy on these structural parameters. The presented results open the way for a fast interpretation of 13C NMR experiments on defective HAp materials and will allow to predict the most stable arrangement of CO32− for a given family of defects.
Out of social accountability: Reasons and alternative paths for SA8000 decertification
Authors: Marcuzzi Irene , Podrecca Matteo , Sartor Marco , Nassimbeni Guido
Published: June 2023

This article examines the reasons that drive companies to leave Social Accountability 8000 (SA8000)—the main auditable corporate social responsibility standard—and which alternative paths they undertake after the abandonment. As decertification from SA8000 is an under‐researched phenomenon, an exploratory approach based on the analysis of 15 multi‐country/industry companies has been adopted. Findings show that firms leave SA8000 for several reasons including the reduction of commercial advantages, paperwork overload, and complexities in orders and suppliers management. Our investigation recognizes decertification drivers that are recurring in other standards as well as new ones specific to SA8000. For what concerns the post‐decertification paths, we observe that firms pursue three distinct exit strategies (i.e., adoption of an alternative initiative/standard; no adoption of any alternative social standard/initiative, but still respect some SA8000 requirements; no adoption of any alternative social standard/initiative and stop taking care of SA8000 requirements).
Correlated biodiversity change between plant and insect assemblages resurveyed after 80 years across a dynamic habitat mosaic
Authors: Carroll Tadhg , Stafford Richard , Gillingham Phillipa K. , Bullock James M. , Brown David , Brown Michelle , Walls Robin M. , Diaz Anita
Published: June 2023

Historical data on co‐occurring taxa are extremely rare. As such, the extent to which distinct co‐occurring taxa experience similar long‐term patterns in species richness and compositional change (e.g., when exposed to a changing environment) is not clear. Using data from a diverse ecological community surveyed in the 1930s and resurveyed in the 2010s, we investigated whether local plant and insect assemblages displayed cross‐taxon congruence—that is, spatiotemporal correlation in species richness and compositional change—across six co‐occurring taxa: vascular plants, non‐vascular plants, grasshoppers and crickets (Orthoptera), ants (Hymenoptera: Formicinae), hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae), and dragonflies and damselflies (Odonata). All taxa exhibited high levels of turnover across the ca. 80‐year time period. Despite minimal observed changes at the level of the whole study system, species richness displayed widespread cross‐taxon congruence (i.e., correlated temporal change) across local assemblages within the study system. Hierarchical logistic regression models suggest a role for shared responses to environmental change underlying cross‐taxon correlations and highlight stronger correlations between vascular plants and their direct consumers, suggesting a possible role for biotic interactions between these groups. These results provide an illustration of cross‐taxon congruence in biodiversity change using data unique in its combination of temporal and taxonomic scope, and highlight the potential for cascading and comparable effects of environmental change (abiotic and biotic) on co‐occurring plant and insect communities. However, analyses of historical resurveys based on currently available data come with inherent uncertainties. As such, this study highlights a need for well‐designed experiments, and monitoring programs incorporating co‐occurring taxa, to determine the underlying mechanisms and prevalence of congruent biodiversity change as anthropogenic environmental change accelerates apace.
Transfer Hydrogenation(TH) of Carbonyl Compounds Catalytically Promoted by Pd17Se15Nanoparticles and PdP2Nanoflowers
Authors: Singh Ved Vati , Jain Nidhi , Singh Ajai K.
Published: June 2023

Nanosized Pd17Se15and PdP2were synthesized at moderate temperature (using less toxic TOPO in case of PdP2) and explored for the first time to catalyze transfer hydrogenation (TH) of aldehydes / ketones using 2‐propanol as a source of hydrogen. The optimum catalyst loading was equivalent to 1.0 mol % of Pd. The round shaped Pd17Se15NPs (15 to 30 nm), resulted on reacting (3‐(phenylseleno)propylamine) with Na2PdCl4in a mixture (1 : 1) of olylamine and 1‐octadecene at 250 °C for 50 min. Nanoflowers of PdP2(25 to 55 nm) were obtained by reacting Na2PdCl4with trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) in a similar solvent mixture at 350 °C for 60 min. Both the NPs were found air insensitive and authenticated with powder X‐ray diffraction, HR‐TEM, SEM, SEM‐EDX and XPS. The conversion was found more efficient for aldehydes in comparison to that of ketones. In comparison to most of the other Pd based nano‐phases, reported earlier, the present NPs are somewhat better activators for TH.
Ecotoxicity and Accumulation of Perfluorononanoic Acid in the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) and an Approach to Developing Protective Thresholds in the Aquatic Environment Through Species Sensitivity Distribution
Authors: Suski Jamie G. , Chanov Michael K. , Heron Christopher G. , Field Jennifer A. , Salice Christopher J.
Published: June 2023

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are ubiquitous in the environment. Locations where PFAS-containing aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF) has been used or accidentally released have resulted in persistently high concentrations of PFAS, including in surface water that may be adjacent to release sites. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) is most frequently measured near AFFF release sites; however, other PFAS are being quantified more frequently and, of those, perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) is common. The goal of our study was to fill data gaps on PFNA toxicity to freshwater fish using the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas). We aimed to understand how PFNA may impact apical endpoints following a 42-day exposure to mature fish and a 21-day exposure to second-generation larval fish. Exposure concentrations were 0, 124, 250, 500, and 1000 µg/L for both adult (F0) and larval (F1) generations. The most sensitive endpoint measured was development in the F1 generation at concentrations of ≥250 µg/L. The 10% and 20% effective concentration of the tested population for the F1 biomass endpoint was 100.3 and 129.5 µg/L, respectively. These data were collated with toxicity values from the primary literature on aquatic organisms exposed to PFNA for subchronic or chronic durations. A species sensitivity distribution was developed to estimate a screening-level threshold for PFNA. The resulting hazard concentration protective of 95% of the freshwater aquatic species was 55 µg PFNA/L. Although this value is likely protective of aquatic organisms exposed to PFNA, it is prudent to consider that organisms experience multiple stressors (including many PFAS) simultaneously; an approach to understand screening-level thresholds for PFAS mixtures remains an uncertainty within the field of ecological risk assessment. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:2229–2236. © 2023 SETAC
Nutritional, biochemical, and clinical applications of carob: A review
Authors: Ikram Ali , Khalid Waseem , Wajeeha Zafar Khair‐ul‐ , Ali Anwar , Afzal Muhammad Faizan , Aziz Afifa , Faiz ul Rasool Izza , Al‐Farga Ammar , Aqlan Faisal , Koraqi Hyrije
Published: June 2023

Carob is botanically called as Ceratonia siliqua and belongs to the Legumes family. The fruit is derived from hermaphrodite trees and hard in shape. The carob contains high sugar contents in pulp, fat in seed and minerals like potassium, calcium, and phosphorus are present in pods. Polyphenols and antioxidants are abundant in leaves and pods. It can be used for enhancing human health due to its high nutritional profile. Carob gum is used in the pharmaceutical industry in the form of pomades, anti‐celiac ingredients, pills, and dental paste. The clinical carob can aid as an anti‐cancer, anti‐reflux, anti‐diabetic, anti‐diarrheal, anti‐hyperlipidemia, anti‐bacterial, anti‐microbial, and anti‐fungal. Nowadays, carob seeds are being used as an alternative to cocoa powder in food items whereas the leaves, pods, and seeds of carob are also historically used as food for animal feed. However, these parts of carob are available in markets with reasonable prices. Carob production, though with a rising contribution, contributes to the local economy. In this sense, we can incorporate knowledge on the chemical properties and the biological effect of carob fruits on human health. In this study, the supportive and health‐promoting impacts of carob are discussed along with the clinical testing obtained from natural constituents of carob. In addition, further studies can be performed to extract and separate polyphenols and antioxidant potential for the development of functional that play a valuable role in pharmaceutical and food sectors.
Shallow whole‐genome sequencing of bone marrow aspirates in myelodysplastic neoplasms: A retrospective comparison with cytogenetics
Authors: Rengifo Laura Y. , Smits Sanne , Boeckx Nancy , Michaux Lucienne , Vandenberghe Peter , Dewaele Barbara
Published: June 2023

Copy number alterations (CNA) are powerful prognostic markers in myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and are routinely analyzed by conventional cytogenetic analysis (CCA) on bone marrow (BM). Although CCA is still the gold standard, it requires extensive hands‐on time and highly trained staff for the analysis, making it a laborious technique. To reduce turn‐around‐time per case, shallow whole genome sequencing (sWGS) technologies offer new perspectives for the diagnostic work‐up of this disorder. We compared sWGS with CCA for the detection of CNAs in 33 retrospective BM samples of patients with MDS. Using sWGS, CNAs were detected in all cases and additionally allowed the analysis of three cases for which CCA failed. The prognostic stratification (IPSS‐R score) of 27 out of 30 patients was the same with both techniques. In the remaining cases, discrepancies were caused by the presence of balanced translocations escaping sWGS detection in two cases, a subclonal aberration reported with CCA that could not be confirmed by FISH or sWGS, and the presence of an isodicentric chromosome idic(17)(p11) missed by CCA. Since sWGS can almost entirely be automated, our findings indicate that sWGS is valuable in a routine setting validating it as a cost‐efficient tool.
Factors controlling the occurrence, distribution and physical properties of the Ordovician palaeokarstic reservoir in the Ordos Basin Daniudi gas field
Authors: Zhu Ying , Ding Xiaoqi , Zhang Shaonan , Gao Jingyun , Tian Yinyu , Ma Ning , Qi Zhuang Zhuang , Liu Xuan , Hu Xin
Published: June 2023

The Daniudi gas field in China's Ordos Basin is located in the transitional zone between palaeo‐topographic highs and slopes, whereby dissolution‐collapse breccias are widespread within the palaeokarstic reservoir. Abundant cores, well logs and thin sections were used to study palaeo‐topography, palaeokarstic breccia types, diagenesis and reservoir pore characteristics. The results indicated that reservoir quality is controlled by lithology, palaeo‐topography and diagenesis. The extent of palaeokarstic reservoir dissolution was shown to be determined by lithologic differences, whilst only gypsiferous dolostones and finely crystalline dolostones emerged in reservoir formation. Palaeo‐topography was also found to regulate reservoir development. The reservoirs are primarily located 20 m below the Ordovician unconformity in palaeo‐topographic hills and palaeo‐topographic slopes, whilst their depth is palaeo‐topography dependent. Lithology and palaeo‐topography also coordinate the distribution of palaeokarst breccia facies. Clast‐supported and matrix‐supported chaotic breccias were found in argillaceous dolostone strata. However, crackle–mosaic breccias occurred in gypsiferous dolostones and crystalline dolostones, located in palaeogeomorphic residual hills and slopes. Reservoirs generally develop in crackle–mosaic breccias of Ma51 and Ma52 sub‐Members, the quality of such reservoirs is dependent on the development and distribution of palaeokarst breccia facies and diagenesis. Dissolution of dolomite and anhydrite nodules was found to result in moldic pores and dissolution‐enlarged pores. Overall, the most damaging effect on reservoir quality resulted from calcite cement infilling moldic pores, enlarged pores and fractures.
Information shocks and celebrity exposure: The effect of “Magic” Johnson on AIDS diagnoses and mortality in the U.S.
Authors: Cardazzi Alexander , Martin Joshua C. , Rodriguez Zachary
Published: June 2023

We present evidence that Earvin “Magic” Johnson's announcement that he contracted HIV served as a public‐health catalyst for rapidly correcting the public's understanding of who was at risk of infection. Using a novel identification strategy, we present evidence that there was a large but temporary increase in the number of AIDS diagnoses for heterosexual men following the announcement. This effect was concentrated in areas with greater prior exposure to Johnson. We show that these men were both more likely to have been diagnosed via a formal blood test and less likely to die within 1 decade of their initial diagnosis—suggesting that Johnson's announcement caused an intertemporal substitution in testing which prolonged patients' lifespans as a result of earlier access to medical care. We estimate that Johnson's announcement caused approximately 800 additional heterosexual males in the United States in metropolitan statistical areas with National Basketball Association franchises men to discover their underlying AIDS diagnosis and, of whom, were more likely to live at least 1 decade beyond their initial diagnosis date.
US residents experiences with intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroid and parathyroid surgery
Authors: Wong Anni , Ahsanuddin Salma , Teng Marita , Abdelhamid Ahmed Amr H. , Randolph Gregory W. , Sinclair Catherine
Published: June 2023

Background

Understanding the patterns of IONM use and training among resident otolaryngologists is essential to ensure that the IONM skills and knowledge gained in residency are optimized for successful future practice of IONM.

Method

An electronic survey was distributed to US‐based OHNS residents. Questions evaluated resident experience, implementation, knowledge and understanding of IONM for endocrine surgeries.

Results

One hundred and seven OHNS residents participated, spanning all training levels and US geographic locations. The majority of residents received no didactic teaching on IONM (74.5%) nor had a clear troubleshooting algorithm in the event of a loss of signal (69.8%). The majority of residents were uncertain regarding the advantages/disadvantages of continuous versus intermittent IONM.

Conclusion

The knowledge gap found in our survey study suggests that greater teaching of IONM principles for endocrine head and neck surgeries in OHNS residency programs would help to ensure successful utilization in future practice.