bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RETRIBUTION FOR CLEANING SERVICES AT THE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICE OF BENGKALIS REGENCY
Authors: Aini Dwi , Mubarak Husni
Published: February 2022

Garbage/cleaning service levies are for waste/cleaning services provided or managed by the local government for individuals or entities. This study aims to determine the mechanism of retribution collection, the effectiveness of retribution for Regional Original Income (PAD), and the obstacles encountered when collecting retribution. This research was conducted at the Bengkalis Regency Environmental Service. The research object is a report on the realization of waste/cleaning retribution receipts from 2018 to 2020. This type of research uses a qualitative descriptive approach. Based on the study results, in the process of collecting retribution for the garbage/cleaning service, those who have paid the levy are given evidence of a Certificate of Regional Retribution (SKRD) in the form of a ticket from the retribution collector. At the Bengkalis Regency Environmental Service, the SKRD is divided into two types, namely daily and monthly. The sub-districts that have increased yearly are Bengkalis, Bantan, and Siak Kecil sub-districts within 3 to three years. Meanwhile, other sub-districts experienced instability in their retribution receipts. In 2018 the waste/cleaning retribution 2018 got a percentage of 89%, which cannot be said to be very effective because it is still below 100% of the target achievement level. In 2019, waste/cleaning service levy received 116%, with a very effective statement. In 2020, the effectiveness of receiving retribution for waste/cleaning services in all sub-districts was at a very effective point in increasing local revenue, with an average effectiveness value of 145%. Constraints in collecting user fees are that the user does not know about the existence of regulations regarding collecting payments. There are no sanctions for mandatory fees if he does not pay the user fees, the lack of supervision, the number of retribution collectors, and limited facilities and infrastructure.
excavation of a mound and three cist burials at Ferndall, Rendall, Orkney
Authors: Duffy Paul R J , MacGregor Gavin , Pollard Tony , Miller Jennifer , Will Robert , Evans Caitlin , Ramsey Susan , McSwan Gillian , Seivewright Jill
Published: February 2022

As part of the Historic Scotland Human Remains Call Off Contract, Glasgow University Archaeological Research Division (GUARD) undertook an archaeological excavation of an artificial mound and associated cists containing human remains of mid-Bronze Age date, at Ferndale, Rendall, Orkney (NGR: HY 3836 2035). The excavation identified the presence of two cists containing cremation burials (cist 004 and cist 010), and a third that contained a poorly preserved inhumation (cist 003). Cists 004 and 010 would appear to be related to an artificially created mound, and parallel a number of similar 'barrow' sites from Orkney. Cist 004 contained an inhumation and was of differing construction. It would appear to relate to a different phase and tradition of cist burials. Analysis of skeletal material from cist 004 identified the remains of an older adult male, a female of between 18 and 30 years of age and an infant of 15 months. The adult male was found to have suffered from a bone infection of the femur and showed evidence of poor dental health. The female had suffered from iron deficiency anaemia. The preservation of skeletal material in cists 010 and 003 allowed only the identification of a single adult inhumation of unknown age and sex from each cist. The individuals from cists 004 and 010 had been cremated shortly after death, and analysis of associated soil residues suggests that their remains were subsequently picked from the pyre and washed. Radiocarbon dates from the cremated remains from cists 004 and 010 place the use of these two cists and construction of the associated mound in the first quarter of the second millennium BC. These dates are comparable to other dated cist burials in artificial mounds from Orkney, although it would appear to be one of the earlier sites in the currently available list of dates. Regrettably, a date could not be obtained from the poorly preserved inhumation from cist 003.
RUÍNAS DA MEMÓRIA: AS METAMORFOSES DE MANAUS, EM DOIS IRMÃOS, DE MILTON HATOUM
Authors: Martins Irlomar Ferreira , Krüger Aleixo Marcos Frederico
Published: February 2022

Este estudo analisou como questões sócio-históricas sobre o povo e a cidade de Manaus estão representadas na obra Dois Irmãos (2006), do escritor Milton Hatoum. Apoiada na memória, a ficção hatouniana revisita o passado de Manaus, suscitando a história de um povo que no decurso dos anos foi vítima das graves consequências do projeto de modernidade instaurado em solo manauara. Nael, o narrador-personagem, trilha um percurso histórico e revela as metamorfoses pelas quais a sociedade e a capital amazonense passaram. Nesse processo, identificaram-se aspectos da crise da borracha que culminaram na criação da Cidade Flutuante, verificaram-se os impactos causados pelo projeto Zona Franca de Manaus, bem como os reflexos do militarismo na cidade por meio de personagens do romance. Com efeito, os ideais de progresso prestigiaram apenas a elite, enquanto a população tornou-se refém de inúmeros processos exploratórios.
#POEMAS NA REDE
Authors: Bin Margarete Maria Soares
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo discutir sobre o gênero poemas digitais que circulam na internet e em decorrência disso pensar na formação do leitor jovem. Para tal, são apresentados conceitos importantes como: conhecimentos em rede, poesia digital, hipertexto, multimodalidade, ciberespaço e o perfil do leitor da atualidade. Assim, várias leituras relacionadas ao tema foram discutidas e o que se constata é que esta inovação tecnológica pode ser um meio para formar leitores do Ensino Médio, já que esses jovens fazem frequentemente uso dos meios eletrônicos e tem familiaridade com esses aparatos.
ENTRE DESEJOS E TRANSGRESSÕES: A RECEPÇÃO DA OBRA INSUBMISSAS LÁGRIMAS DE MULHERES NA PLATAFORMA SKOOB
Authors: Dos Santos Dauana Pinheiro Leal
Published: February 2022

Neste artigo, analisa-se o modo como os leitores, no contexto das mídias sociais, recepcionam a obra Insubmissas Lágrimas de Mulheres (2016), de Conceição Evaristo. Utiliza-se como método investigativo a análise de resenhas publicadas na plataforma Skoob. Busca-se averiguar os aspectos pelos quais o leitor é afetado pela escrevivência presente no livro. Constata-se que a identidade e a experiência do leitor moldam a forma de ler e avaliar a qualidade estética e literária da obra. Para proceder à análise, foram selecionadas cinco resenhas enviadas pelos leitores da plataforma. Através desse exame, foi possível identificar uma substancial camada de leitores negros, a qual também abarca leitores que presenciaram ou compreendem as demandas de experiência das pessoas negras. O estudo se baseia nos pressupostos da Estética da Recepção, de Hans Robert Jauss (1979) e Jacques Rancière (2014).
O GÊNERO POLICIAL NA NARRATIVA JUVENIL: INVESTIGAÇÃO DE O CASO DOS FALCÕES-PEREGRINOS (2019), DE SEVERINO RODRIGUES
Authors: Pezzini Paula Grinko , Lottermann Clarice
Published: February 2022

A partir da narrativa O caso dos falcões-peregrinos (2019), do escritor pernambucano Severino Rodrigues, o artigo investiga os elementos clássicos, modernos e contemporâneos no que diz respeito ao gênero policial, bem como aspectos da literatura juvenil brasileira. A discussão parte de teóricos como Bordieu (1996) e Bakhtin (2006), em relação aos gêneros literários; Todorov (2006) e Fajardo (2018), no que concerne à ficção policial; e, para fundamentar a literatura juvenil, Lajolo e Zilberman (2007) e Luft (2010). Pode-se constatar que a obra analisada justapõe aspectos do romance policial clássico e do moderno, transformando-se em uma narrativa de suspense contemporâneo.
MISÉRIA, INFÂNCIA E AFROBRASILIDADE: OS REFLEXOS DE UMA CONSTRUÇÃO NACIONAL ASSIMÉTRICA RETRATADOS NA LITERATURA DE CONCEIÇÃO EVARISTO
Authors: Lima Sara Regina de Oliveira , Brito Maria Aline Porto
Published: February 2022

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as relações de miséria e infância nos contos “Zaíta esqueceu de guardar os brinquedos” e “Lumbiá” de Conceição Evaristo (2015), destacando as condições das crianças negras em situação de vulnerabilidade social a partir de uma literatura crítica, representativa e de resistência. Por ser uma pesquisa bibliográfica de caráter exploratório, baseia-se nos estudos empreendidos por Duarte (2010), Evaristo (2009), Engels (2010), Priore (2010), Santos (2017), dentre outros. Para mais, é possível observar que, ao ocupar, em grande parte, a margem da sociedade, crianças negras encontram-se cada vez mais distanciadas do suporte da família e do Estado, construindo suas vivências com base na violência, no trabalho infantil, bem como na negação dos seus direitos como mostra os contos analisados.
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A MEMÓRIA LITERÁRIA EM MACHADO DE ASSIS, JORGE LUIS BORGES E ALBERTO MUSSA
Authors: Amaral Raíssa Cardoso , Sparemberger Alfeu
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo, amparado especialmente nas ideias de Tiphaine Samoyault (2008) acerca da intertextualidade, tem como principal objetivo realizar uma leitura comparatista entre o capítulo VII, intitulado “O delírio”, do romance Memórias póstumas de Brás Cubas ([1881] 2015), de Machado de Assis, o conto “O Aleph” ([1949] 2001), de Jorge Luis Borges, e o conto “A esfera fenícia”, publicado na antologia Os contos completos (2016), de Alberto Mussa. A partir disso, busca-se evidenciar a existência de uma memória literária que perpassa não apenas os textos literários, mas também os escritores que, neste estudo, são considerados a mola propulsora dessa memória.
O DISCURSO DA CRÍTICA: GENETTE, LEITOR DE PROUST
Authors: De Paula Thiago Andrade
Published: February 2022

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar a leitura comparativa de dois textos decisivos de Genette sobre a obra maior de Marcel Proust, que será muito útil para entender a tensa relação que o romancista estabelece com o Realismo literário. Desse modo, será necessário demonstrar o ângulo do foco que é modificado entre o primeiro texto Proust Palimpsesto, em Figuras I (1972), no qual há uma tentativa de explicação da obra proustiana por meio de uma teoria da metáfora, e o segundo texto, O Discurso da Narrativa (1995), no qual há um tom bem mais sistemático fortemente influenciado pelo Estruturalismo, área do conhecimento muito familiar ao crítico francês. Ao se analisar e expor essa mudança fundamental dos frames em que são entendidos La Recherche, será possível perceber uma dificuldade para o Genette de palimpsesto de fazer jus à modernidade do texto em questão, enquanto que, para o Genette de O Discurso da Narrativa, a obra literária maior do escritor francês está intimamente ligada à arte moderna.
DENOMINAÇÕES EM GALEGO E EM PORTUGUÊS PARA A BRINCADEIRA DE “PEGAR COM OLHOS VENDADOS”
Authors: Ribeiro Silvana Soares Costa , Mota Jacyra Andrade , Isquerdo Aparecida Negri
Published: February 2022

O artigo analisa denominações, em galego e em português do Brasil (PB) e europeu (PE), para “a brincadeira em que uma criança, com os olhos vendados, tenta pegar as outras”, com base em dados extraídos do Tesouro do léxico patrimonial galego e português, de cinco atlas linguísticos, e de outras cinco obras originadas de trabalhos de pós-graduação. A amostra reuniu formas lexicais como cabra-cega, cobra-cega, gata-cega, pita-cega, galinha-cega, compostas, em sua maioria, com nomes de animais, razão de terem sido examinadas sob o ponto de vista motivacional, com ênfase na perspectiva do zoomorfismo. O estudo demonstrou a importância de bases lexicais que incorporam léxicos produzidos em diferentes sincronias da história da língua, o que permite a comparação, a análise da natureza linguística e das motivações semânticas identificadas na forma de nomear, no caso, a brincadeira “cabra-cega”.
“DA DONA QUE RESULTOU SERE BONECA”: O EPISÓDIO DO XARDÍN DOS ANDRADA E OS CORPOS IMPRÓPRIOS NA NARRATIVA DE A ESMORGA
Authors: Lacombe Fernanda Gappo
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo tem por objetivo principal analisar o papel dos corpos impróprios dentro de A Esmorga, de Eduardo Blanco Amor, a partir do episódio do Xardín dos Andrada. Para tal, serão apresentadas as definições de Silvia Federici (2017) de corpos indisciplinados, assim como o conceito de “the self’s clean and proper body” de Margritt Shildrick (2002). Também será utilizado a definição de homossexualidade marginal de Alberto Mira (2007), com o objetivo de relacionar as ideias de corpos fora da norma, apresentadas por Federici (2017) e Shildrick (2002), com a personagem de Milhomes, de modo que, ao final deste trabalho, seja possível perceber, não somente a crítica à lógica homofóbica da sociedade galega e espanhola, que Blanco Amor, ironicamente, apresenta no romance, como também, a importância do episódio do Xardín pelo paralelo que estabelece com os desejos reprimidos de Bocas por Milhomes.
Flexible and Alternately Layered High‐Loading Film Electrode based on 3D Carbon Nanocoils and PEDOT:PSS for High‐Energy‐Density Supercapacitor
Authors: Huang Hui , Zhao Yongpeng , Cong Tianze , Li Chengwei , Wen Ningxuan , Zuo Xueqing , Guo Yuan , Zhang Hao , Fan Zeng , Pan Lujun
Published: February 2022

The development of flexible carbon‐based film electrodes with high loading and sufficient electron/ion transport channels is of great significance but still challenging. Herein, a flexible high‐loading (over 15 mg cm–2) film with 3D hierarchical pores is prepared by an alternate deposition of carbon nanocoils (CNCs) and poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS). The unique alternate architecture of CNC/PEDOT:PSS bilayers possesses porous structure constructed by interconnected CNCs, which serves as transfer channels and storage chambers of ions. Meanwhile, the PEDOT:PSS layers anchoring CNCs function as not only the cement to ensure the stability of the film structure but also the current collectors to improve electron transfer kinetics between interlayers. The film electrode shows excellent flexibility and electrochemical properties. It delivers a high areal capacitance of 1402.5 mF cm–2 at 0.25 mA cm–2 and a superior stability even at an extremely high current density of 50 mA cm–2 after 10 000 cycles. The corresponding solid‐state supercapacitor has great energy storage ability and steady capacitance response under various deformation. The device achieves a superb energy density of 211 μW h cm–2 with a wide potential window of 2 V. This strategy paves a road for the controllable fabrication of high‐performance flexible electrodes and supercapacitors.
Anchoring a Xenogeneic Antigen‐Guided Immune Activation System to Tumor Cell Membrane for Solid Tumor Treatment
Authors: Wang Jingwen , Wang Jing , Xu Junjie , Hou Ting , Yin Li , Chen Huan , Ma Yu , Chen Wanting , Wang Zhiyi , Hou Yanglong , Ding Ya
Published: February 2022

The low immunogenicity of tumor antigens and their limited expression on the surface of tumor cells are important reasons for the low response rate of cancer immunotherapy, especially for solid tumors. Here, a physical anchoring strategy to label a safe xenogeneic antigen to the surface of tumor cells in vivo for effective and selective guide of immune response is demonstrated. Specifically, dandelion‐like nanovesicle (DNV‐OVA) assembled by amphiphilic Au‐Fe3O4 Janus nanoparticles as the anchoring device and employing ovalbumin (OVA) as a model antigen is constructed. The DNV‐OVA plays two important roles in body. It labels “non‐self” signals (OVA, 51.0%) to tumor cell surface, thereby effectively inducing antibody dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). In parallel, the ADCC mechanism releases tumor antigens from lysed tumor cells, which are phagocytosed by dendritic cells and selectively activate T cells. These T cells precisely control the proliferation of residual tumor cells. Anchoring xenogeneic antigens to tumor cells is a universal approach applicable to a broad range of solid tumors.
Cobalt(III) Complexes as Bifunctional Hydrogen‐Bond Donor Catalysts Featuring Halide Anions for Cyclic Carbonate Synthesis at Ambient Temperature and Pressure: A Mechanistic Insight
Authors: Emelyanov Mikhail A. , Lisov Alexey A. , Medvedev Michael G. , Maleev Victor I. , Larionov Vladimir A.
Published: February 2022

The metal‐templated hydrogen bond donors (HBD) are prospective catalytic systems for the activation of organic molecules in chemical reactions. Here we report the application of the chiral cationic Co(III) complexes based on commercially available (S,S)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane and (R,R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylendiamine and salicylaldehydes with an iodide counter‐anion as bifunctional one‐component hydrogen bond donor/nucleophilic catalysts for the conversion of carbon dioxide with epoxides into valuable cyclic carbonates under solvent‐ and co‐catalyst free conditions. We demonstrated that (R,R)‐1,2‐diphenylethylendiamine based complex Λ(R,R)‐2 is superior to (S,S)‐1,2‐diaminocyclohexane based Δ(S,S)‐1 a catalyzing the reaction at ambient conditions (RT and 1 bar CO2). The TON and TOF values of 850 and 35 h−1, respectively, were achieved at low catalyst loading (0.1 mol %) at 10 bars of CO2 and 100 °C. Furthermore, the Co(III) complexes catalyzed the reaction with diluted air/CO2 mixture (15 vol % of CO2) producing the desired styrene carbonate in up to 75% yield. A plausible catalytic cycle consistent with all experimental observations was proposed based on DFT calculations. The DFT calculations elucidated the difference in the ring opening step in cases of propylene oxide and styrene oxide. In addition, the kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides was observed with selectivity factor (s) of up to 1.6 in case of the complex Λ(R,R)‐2.
Addressing the disparities in dementia risk, early detection and care in Latino populations: Highlights from the second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium
Authors: Quiroz Yakeel T. , Solis Michele , Aranda María P. , Arbaje Alicia I. , Arroyo‐Miranda Mirna , Cabrera Laura Y. , Carrasquillo Minerva Maria , Corrada Maria M. , Crivelli Lucia , Diminich Erica D. , Dorsman Karen A. , Gonzales Mitzi , González Héctor M. , Gonzalez‐Seda Ana L. , Grinberg Lea T. , Guerrero Lourdes R. , Hill Carl V. , Jimenez‐Velazquez Ivonne Z. , Guerra Jorge J. Llibre , Lopera Francisco , Maestre Gladys , Medina Luis D. , O'Bryant Sid , Peñaloza Claudia , Pinzon Maria Mora , Mavarez Rosa V. Pirela , Pluim Celina F. , Raman Rema , Rascovsky Katya , Rentz Dorene M. , Reyes Yarissa , Rosselli Monica , Tansey Malú Gámez , Vila‐Castelar Clara , Zuelsdorff Megan , Carrillo Maria , Sexton Claire
Published: February 2022

The Alzheimer's Association hosted the second Latinos & Alzheimer's Symposium in May 2021. Due to the COVID‐19 pandemic, the meeting was held online over 2 days, with virtual presentations, discussions, mentoring sessions, and posters. The Latino population in the United States is projected to have the steepest increase in Alzheimer's disease (AD) in the next 40 years, compared to other ethnic groups. Latinos have increased risk for AD and other dementias, limited access to quality care, and are severely underrepresented in AD and dementia research and clinical trials. The symposium highlighted developments in AD research with Latino populations, including advances in AD biomarkers, and novel cognitive assessments for Spanish‐speaking populations, as well as the need to effectively recruit and retain Latinos in clinical research, and how best to deliver health‐care services and to aid caregivers of Latinos living with AD.
Perfect Single‐Magnon Generator Based on a Hybrid Cavity‐Magnonic System
Authors: Li Shi‐Yan , Zhu Ai‐Dong
Published: February 2022

A theoretical scheme for a single‐magnon generator based on a hybrid cavity‐magnonic system, in which a microwave cavity is coupled to the magnetostatic mode through the magnetic dipole interaction and coupled to a superconducting qubit (transmon) through electric dipole interaction, and the virtual excitation of microwave photons mediates the interaction between the magnon mode and the transmon qubit, is proposed. The magnon blockade effect is studied based on the coexistence mechanism of anharmonicity of energy levels and multipath interference, and a global optimal condition of magnon blockade is obtained. The numerical results with accessible experimental parameters demonstrate that under this global optimal condition, a perfect single‐magnon generator with a second‐order correlation function tends to zero and a higher single‐magnon number can be achieved even at ambient temperature up to 25 mK. The current scheme is proposed based on the lithographically scalable and superconducting circuit compatible design, which provides convenience for precisely and flexibly engineering in experiments. It is expected to be used as an integrated single‐quanta generator in quantum network.
Highly oriented poly (m‐phenyleneisophthalamide)/polyacrylonitrile based coaxial nanofibers integrated with electrospunpolyacrylonitrile‐silvernanoparticle: Application in air filtration of particulate and microbial contaminants
Authors: Robert Berly , Nallathambi Gobi
Published: February 2022

On account of increasing attention paid to global air quality problem, air filter media with low‐pressure drop, good strength, and excellent removal efficiency towards pathogens have gradually become a research hotspot. Polymeric electrospun nanofibrous membranes with large surface area to volume ratio, and adjustable porous structure, have attracted increased attention in air filtration applications. In this work, as an innovative extension of classical electrospinning procedure, coaxial electrospinning is used to produce high‐strength fiber with core–sheath structures. The as‐produced poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide) (PMIA: as the core)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN: as the shell) based coaxial nanofibers integrated with a layer of electrospun PAN–silver nanoparticle membrane, can filter both particulate matter and microbes. Significantly, poly(m‐phenylene isophthalamide)/PAN membrane will exhibit uniform axial alignment of nanofibers, which can effectively improve mechanical strength of filter media along the orientation direction. Benefiting from structural features including the presence of anti‐microbial agent, the developed composite polymeric filter membrane exhibits very low pressure drop (24.52 Pa), 99% filtration efficiency, 9.809 MPa tensile strength and good anti‐microbial activity against Gram‐positiveBacillus subtilisand Gram‐negativeEscherichia coli. Besides, this work provides a versatile platform for exploring coaxial nanofibrous membrane in air filtration application, since it is still in emerging and immature phase.
A framework of digital technologies for the circular economy: Digital functions and mechanisms
Authors: Liu Qinglan , Trevisan Adriana Hofmann , Yang Miying , Mascarenhas Janaina
Published: February 2022

Digital technology is regarded as providing a promising means of moving production and consumption towards the circular economy. However, it is still unclear which functions of digital technologies are most useful to improving circularity, and how these functions could be used to enhance different circular economy strategies. This paper aims to address this knowledge gap by conducting a systematic literature review. After examining 174 papers, creating 782 original codes and 259 second‐round codes, the study identifies 13 critical functions of digital technologies which are most relevant to circular economy strategies. The paper then proposes a framework which reveals seven mechanisms of how these digital functions can enhance different circular economy strategies. The framework also reveals which combinations of the digital functions and circular economy strategies have already been studied extensively as well as where there may be gaps. This indicates which digital functions are more mature in terms of possible implementation for circular economy as well as what missing links there are in the empirical and theoretical research. The study advances the synergies between digital technologies and the circular economy paradigm through the lens of digital functions. The proposed framework and mechanisms build a theoretical foundation for future research, and we highlight five research areas for further studies. This study also provides a structured way for managers to explore the appropriate digital functions for their CE strategies, so as to identify required digital technologies and new value creation through digital functions.
Monitoring microalgal growth of Chlorella minutissima with a new all solid‐state contact nitrate selective sensor
Authors: Balkanlı Nihat Erdem , Işıldak İbrahim , İnan Benan , Özer Tuğba , Özçimen Didem
Published: February 2022

As third generation feedstock, microalgae are microorganisms that can grow only in the optimum conditions. There are parameters including the concentration of macro and microelements in nutrient solution, pH, temperature and light intensity that have significant impact on microalgal growth. In recent years, various sensing devices have been developed for sensitive measurement of these parameters during microalgal growth. In this study, a new potentiometric nitrate selective sensor was developed to indicate the nitrate uptake of microalgae and the effect of nitrate nutrient on microalgal growth, specifically, and this sensor was successfully applied to determine nitrate concentration in medium during microalgal growth. Moreover, the effects of nitrate, carbonate and phosphate concentration in the growth medium on biomass production of Chlorella minutissima were investigated by using Box–Behnken design method, and optimum conditions were determined for the highest biomass production of microalgae. As a result of the experiments, it was seen that the highest C. minutissima production was achieved using the medium consist of 2.63 g/L NaNO3, 0.35 g/L Na2CO3 and 0.4 g/L KH2PO4. Statistically, it was observed that there was a proportional relationship between the microalgae production and investigated parameters such as carbon, nitrogen and phosphate amounts of culture mediums. The electrode showed a wide linear range between 1.0 × 10−1 and 5.0 × 10−5 M with a detection limit of the 5 × 10−6 M and the response time was found as 10 s. The results showed that developed nitrate selective sensor could be successfully applied for continuous measurement of nitrate in microalgal productions at reduced cost.
On the Curcumin and β‐Cyclodextrin Interaction in Aqueous Media. Spectrophotometric and Electrochemical Study
Authors: Martínez‐Guerra Jorge , Palomar‐Pardavé Manuel , Romero‐Romo Mario , Corona‐Avendaño Silvia , Guzmán‐Hernández Dafne‐Sarahia , Rojas‐Hernández Alberto , Ramírez‐Silva María Teresa
Published: February 2022

It is shown from UV/Vis spectrophotometry measurements, that up to two inclusion complexes between curcumin and β‐cyclodextrin, namely H3Cur(β‐CD) and H3Cur(β‐CD)2, can be formed in aqueous solution at pH=3.6, where the fully protonated and neutral species of curcumin, H3Cur, predominate depending on the β‐CD concentration. The thermodynamic formation constants of these supramolecular complexes were determined and the molar absorptivity coefficients of H3Cur, H3Cur(β‐CD) and H3Cur(β‐CD)2 species were assessed. In the absence of β‐CD, curcumin degradation increases linearly with time at a rate of 3.25 % min−1. However, in its presence, the rate drastically diminishes to 0.11 % min−1. These results were corroborated from independent electrochemical measurements using a bare carbon paste electrode. At 0.01 M β‐CD the first voltammogram cycle displayed single anodic and cathodic peaks while the second cycle is formed by two anodic peaks and one cathodic, all of them being due to single‐electron adsorption‐controlled processes. The current of these peaks can be used to quantify curcumin concentration in real samples.
Do sustainable institutional investors influence senior executive compensation structures according to their preferences? Empirical evidence from Europe
Authors: Focke Maximilian
Published: February 2022

This paper examines whether sustainable institutional investors promote corporate social responsibility (CSR)‐contingent components (e.g., environmental or social aspects) in senior executive compensation in order to align top management interests in the promotion of sustainability with their own. Empirical analyses of a sample of 5979 firm‐year observations from European firms over the 2010–2017 period showed that the presence of sustainable institutional investors positively predicts the likelihood of firms offering CSR‐contingent compensation contracts. This paper significantly contributes to prior empirical research, which predominantly focuses on the effectiveness of CSR‐contingent components within compensation structures. Sustainable institutional investors as a potential driver of CSR‐contingent components have not yet been examined. We specifically investigate institutional investors that have either a substantial or a time‐dependent belief in CSR. Our results indicate that sustainable institutional investors represent a central external corporate governance mechanism and tend to align top management preferences with their own via compensation structures.
A 23‐ to 28‐GHz 5‐bit switch‐type phase shifter with 1‐bit calibration based on optimized ABCD matrix design methods for 5G MIMO system in 0.15‐μm GaAs
Authors: Zhang Zhiyang , Nie Lihe , Zhang Jincheng , Wu Tianxiang , Chen Yong , Ren Junyan , Ma Shunli
Published: February 2022

The fifth‐generation (5G) mobile communication system is being developed to provide ultra‐high‐speed and large‐capacity wireless communication services. However, due to the large transmission loss in the air for high‐frequency signals, it is necessary to use large‐scale array antennas to achieve adaptive control of antenna directivity to compensate for the loss. This paper reports a passive phase shifter operating at 23–28 GHz. The proposed 5‐bit switch‐type phase shifter with 1‐bit calibration is designed in a 0.15‐μm GaAs process. A new design method based on the optimized ABCD matrix and impedance matching techniques between a chip and a printed circuit board (PCB) is developed to obtain better radio‐frequency (RF) signal transmission. The proposed phase shifter features a good‐phase performance with a measured root‐mean‐square (RMS) phase error of less than 10° across 23–28 GHz. For all the phase shift states, the insertion loss is 18 ± 2 dB at 28 GHz and the RMS gain error is less than 2.1 dB over 23–28 GHz including pads and RF connector loss. The phase shifter consumes no DC power and occupies a chip area of 2 × 0.7 mm2 including all the pads.
Sensitivity of Microwave Interferometer in the Limiter Shadow to filaments in ASDEX upgrade
Authors: Usoltceva Mariia , Heuraux Stéphane , Khabibullin Ildar , Faugel Helmut , Fünfgelder Helmut , Bobkov Volodymyr ,   ASDEX Upgrade Team
Published: February 2022

Microwave Interferometer in the Limiter Shadow (MILS) is a new diagnostic, installed on ASDEX Upgrade for electron density measurements in the far Scrape‐Off Layer (SOL). At the chosen frequency of 47 GHz, the region of measurements varies within several centimetres before and after the limiter, depending on the density. 200 kHz bandwidth allows resolving transient events such as edge localized modes filaments and turbulence filaments. The measured quantities, phase shift, and power decay of the microwave beam, which crosses the plasma, are directly connected to the density and do not depend on any other plasma quantity. In this work, we analyse the influence of a filamentary perturbation on MILS signals. Simple representation of a filament is adopted, with parameters relevant to experimental filament properties, reported for ASDEX Upgrade. Forward modelling is done in COMSOL software by using RAPLICASOL, to study the response of the MILS synthetic diagnostic to the presence of a filament. Qualitative and quantitative dependencies are obtained and the boundaries of MILS sensitivity to filaments, or to the density perturbation in far SOL in general, are outlined.
Proposal of minimum elements for screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer by an international Delphi consensus
Authors: Kakushima Naomi , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Chan Shannon Melissa , Cortas George Adel , Dinis‐Ribeiro Mario , Gonzalez Robinson , Kodashima Shinya , Lee Sun‐Young , Linghu Enqiang , Mabe Katsuhiro , Pan Wensheng , Parra‐Blanco Adolfo , Pioche Mathieu , Rollan Antonio , Sumiyama Kazuki , Tanimoto Miguel ,   World Endoscopy Organization Stomach and Duodenal Diseases Committee
Published: February 2022

The World Endoscopy Organization Stomach and Duodenal Diseases Committee extracted minimum elements for screening and diagnosis of gastric cancer (GC) in aim to support countries that do not have national guidelines on screening and diagnosis of GC. Current national or international guidelines were collected worldwide and recommendations were classified according to the quality of evidence and were finalized through a modified Delphi method. The minimum elements consist of seven categories: [1] Extraction of high‐risk patients of GC before esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD), [2] Patients who need surveillance of GC, [3] Method to ensure quality of EGD for detection of GC, [4] Individual GC risk assessment by EGD, [5] Extraction of high‐risk patients of GC after EGD [6] Qualitative or differential diagnosis of GC by EGD, and [7] Endoscopic assessment to choose the therapeutic strategy for GC. These minimum elements will be a guide to promote the elimination of GC among countries with a high incidence of GC who lack national guidelines or screening programs.
Psychometric properties of the Compulsive Exercise Test in a large sample of female adolescent and adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Schlegl Sandra , Vierl Larissa , Kolar David R. , Dittmer Nina , Voderholzer Ulrich
Published: February 2022

Objective

The Compulsive Exercise Test (CET) was developed to assess compulsive exercise in patients with eating disorders (EDs), but originally validated in a nonclinical sample, and psychometric properties were only investigated in small clinical samples. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine its psychometric properties in a large clinical sample of adolescent and adult inpatients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa.

Method

A sample of 2,535 German female inpatients with EDs completed the CET and other instruments at admission and discharge. Factor structure (confirmatory [CFA] and exploratory factor analyses [EFA]), internal consistency and construct validity, measurement invariance across age and diagnostic groups, group comparisons of means, as well as sensitivity to change during treatment were assessed.

Results

The CET showed high internal consistency, very good construct validity, and sensitivity to change. CFA indicated a better fit of four‐factor and three‐factor solutions compared to the original five‐factor model. However, subsequent EFA identified an optimum for a five‐factor model. Only three subscales were satisfactorily invariant to measurement, but not the CET total score. Only small differences in scores between patient groups were observed.

Discussion

Results support internal consistency, construct validity, and sensitivity to change, whereas factor structure remains inconclusive, questioning the theoretical basis of the CET. There is limited support for using the lack of enjoyment subscale, and only moderate support for using the rigidity subscale in patients with EDs. It is recommended to further explore and/or revise the original CET, including investigation in other samples, for example, male samples.
Eligibility for pharmacological therapies in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: implications of the new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration creatinine equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate
Authors: Butt Jawad H. , Adamson Carly , Docherty Kieran F. , Vaduganathan Muthiah , Solomon Scott D. , Anand Inder S. , Zannad Faiez , Køber Lars , Jhund Pardeep S. , McMurray John J.V.
Published: February 2022

Aims

The new Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) equation for estimating glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), based on serum creatinine, that does not incorporate race may reclassify individuals, irrespective of race, from one eGFR category to another, with implications for eligibility for treatments in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods and results

A total of 43 138 ambulatory patients with HFrEF from 12 clinical trials were included (mean age 64.3 years; 9580 [22.2%] women). Mean eGFR was 67 (standard deviation [SD] 21) ml/min/1.73 m2 and 70 (SD 21) ml/min/1.73 m2 using the original and new CKD‐EPI equations, respectively (mean difference 3.20 ml/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.17–3.23, p < 0.001). Of the 935 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages 4 or 5, identified using the original equation, 309 (33.0%) were reclassified to CKD stages 1–3 (eGFR ≥30 ml/min/1.73 m2) with the new equation. However, the opposite was observed among the 2521 Black patients (5.8%) included, with a reduction in mean eGFR from 75 to 68 ml/min/1.73 m2 using the original and new equations, respectively (mean difference 6.94 ml/min/1.73 m2, [95% CI 6.82–7.06], p < 0.001). The number of Black patients with an eGFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m2 increased from 49 (1.9%) using the original equation to 71 (2.8%) with the new equation.

Conclusions

The new CKD‐EPI creatinine equation reclassified CKD stage in a large proportion of patients with HFrEF enrolled in clinical trials. As eGFR is an essential determinant of eligibility for several key pharmacological therapies in HFrEF, this reclassification could result in a substantial change in the proportion of patients considered eligible for such therapies and reduce the proportion of eligible Black patients.
Carbon Par: Estimating carbon status of land used by Icelandic golf courses and measuring carbon storage of turfgrass on golf fairways and mown roughs
Authors: Roald Edwin , Guðmundsson Jón
Published: February 2022

Golf course development has in some cases included wetland drainage or use of pre‐existing wetlands. Thus, carbon dioxide loss from golf courses on organic soil can be high, whereas those on mineral soil can store carbon (C). Research indicates that mown grass can store more C than unmown grass, and that more frequent mowing, made possible with robots, can store even more. The Carbon Par project, running from 2020 up to and including 2023, estimates the C status of land used by Icelandic golf courses, to set a benchmark and thus facilitate golf's future improvement in this area. Recommendations for similar estimation elsewhere will be provided.
Refugee‐related trauma patterns and mental health symptoms across three generations of Hmong Americans
Authors: Lor Maichou , Yu Zhiyuan , Chen Wenyi , Xiong Yee , Yonker James A. , Brown Roger , Krahn Dean D.
Published: February 2022

Hmong adults who are Vietnam War refugees have been exposed to refugee‐related trauma, but little is known about associations between patterns of trauma exposure and mental health outcomes in Hmong adults. We examined patterns of trauma exposure and mental health symptoms (i.e., somatization, depression, anxiety, and probable posttraumatic stress disorder [PTSD]) in three generations of Hmong adults (N= 219). Trauma exposure and probable PTSD were measured using the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire–Hmong Version. Somatization, depression, and anxiety symptoms were measured using the Brief Symptom Inventory. Latent class analysis (LCA) and auxiliary analysis of sociodemographic characteristics and mental health symptoms were performed. The best‐fitting LCA model described three distinct classes:complex and pervasive trauma(60.3%),combat situation and deprivation trauma(26.0%), andlow exposure to refugee‐related trauma(13.7%). Participants in the complex and pervasive trauma class were the oldest, had the shortest U.S. residency, were the least proficient in English, and reported the most severe mental health symptoms; those in the combat situation and deprivation trauma class were the youngest, moderately proficient in English, and reported moderate mental health symptoms; and those in the low exposure to refugee‐related trauma class were the most proficient in English, had the longest U.S. residency, and reported the least severe mental health symptoms. Our findings call for surveillance and a trauma‐informed approach for Hmong elders with limited English proficiency, who have a high risk of experiencing accumulative effects of refugee‐related trauma and are susceptible to poor mental health outcomes.
Spectral gaps for the linear water‐wave problem in a channel with thin structures
Authors: Cancedda Andrea , Chiadó Piat Valeria , Nazarov Sergei A. , Taskinen Jari
Published: February 2022

We consider the linear water‐wave problem in a periodic channel , which consists of infinitely many identical containers and connecting thin structures. The connecting canals are assumed to be of constant, positive length, but their depth is proportional to a small parameter h. Motivated by applications to surface wave propagation phenomena, we study the band‐gap structure of the essential spectrum in the linear water‐wave system, which forms a spectral problem where the spectral parameter appears in the Steklov boundary condition posed on the free water surface. We show that for small h there exists a large number of spectral gaps and also find asymptotic formulas for the position of the gaps as : the endpoints are determined within corrections of order . The width of the first spectral band is shown to be .
TP53 mutations in head and neck cancer
Authors: Nathan Cherie‐Ann , Khandelwal Alok R. , Wolf Gregory T. , Rodrigo Juan P. , Mäkitie Antti A. , Saba Nabil F. , Forastiere Arlene A. , Bradford Carol R. , Ferlito Alfio
Published: February 2022

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) arising in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract are highly heterogeneous, aggressive, and multifactorial tumors affecting more than half a million patients worldwide each year. Classical etiological factors for HNSCC include alcohol, tobacco, and human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Current treatment options for HNSCCs encompass surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or combinatorial remedies. Comprehensive integrative genomic analysis of HNSCC has identified mutations in TP53 gene as the most frequent of all somatic genomic alterations. TP53 mutations are associated with either loss of wild‐type p53 function or gain of functions that promote invasion, metastasis, genomic instability, and cancer cell proliferation. Interestingly, disruptive TP53 mutations in tumor DNA are associated with aggressiveness and reduced survival after surgical treatment of HNSCC. This review summarizes the current evidence and impact of TP53 mutations in HNSCC.
Understanding dissatisfaction through evaluation theory
Authors: Pascual‐Nebreda Laura , Cabanelas‐Lorenzo Pablo , Blanco‐González Alicia
Published: February 2022

Despite its effects on organisations, dissatisfaction is an under‐researched topic in management. This research provides a model built upon evaluation theory that helps to understand the motives, negative emotions, confrontation strategies and legitimacy when consumers are not satisfied with the services given. This model is tested in a sample of 844 people using structural equation modelling. The research findings show the impact of reputation and identification in dissatisfaction and the importance of managing dissatisfaction to improve trust and loyalty. Managers can use these results to development strategic plans and marketing strategies in order to attract and retain more consumers.
Reconsidering Meat Intake and Human Health: A Review of Current Research
Authors: Xie Yunting , Ma Yafang , Cai Linlin , Jiang Shuai , Li Chunbao
Published: February 2022

Meat consumption is gradually increasing and its impact on health has attracted widespread attention, resulting in epidemiological studies proposing a reduction in meat and processed meat intake. This review briefly summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of meat or processed meat on human health, as well as the underlying mechanisms. Meat consumption varies widely among individuals, populations, and regions, with higher consumption in developed countries than in developing countries. However, increasing meat consumption may not be the main cause of increasing incidence of chronic disease, since the development of chronic disease is a complex physiological process that involves many factors, including excessive total energy intake and changes in food digestion processes, gut microbiota composition, and liver metabolism. In comparison, unhealthy dietary habits and a sedentary lifestyle with decreasing energy expenditure are factors more worthy of reflection. Meat and meat products provide high‐value protein and many key essential micronutrients. In short, as long as excessive intake and overprocessing of meats are avoided, meat remains an indispensable source of nutrition for human health.
Longitudinal trajectories of caregiving experiences among primary informal caregivers of patients with metastatic solid cancer (stage IV)
Authors: See Jia Wen Faith , Teo Eng Ai Irene , Malhotra Chetna ,   COMPASS Study Group
Published: February 2022

Objective

Cancer is a significant cause of mortality worldwide. The diagnosis of advanced cancer affects both patients and their family caregivers. Understanding the course of both negative and positive experiences of caregiving provides a more comprehensive understanding of the caregiving experience. The study aims to identify joint trajectories of burden and esteem among family caregivers of patients with solid metastatic cancer, and to identify caregiver characteristics that predict membership for each delineated trajectory.

Methods

A prospective longitudinal study of 346 informal family caregivers of patients with solid metastatic cancer were recruited between July 2016 and December 2019. Surveys were conducted every 3 months for 2 years. We assessed caregiver burden and positive aspects of caregiving using the modified Caregiver Reaction Assessment. We estimated the joint trajectories for these outcomes using group‐based multi‐trajectory modelling.

Results

We identified 4 trajectories describing caregivers with (1) low burden, moderate esteem (38.3%), (2) low burden, high esteem (20.3%), (3) high burden, low esteem (16.4%), (4) high burden, high esteem (24.9%). Compared to the ‘low burden, high esteem’ trajectory, male and non‐spousal caregivers were more likely to experience high burden and esteem while caregivers from low socioeconomic status were more likely to belong to trajectories with a high burden.

Conclusion

Recognising caregivers at high risk of belonging to trajectories with high burden or low esteem may enable healthcare professionals to anticipate and provide appropriate support to mitigate the impact of negative outcomes.