bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nomogram for predicting opioid-induced nausea and vomiting for cancer pain patients
Authors: Kong Lingping , Wang Jing , Guan Shasha , Chen Xiaochen , Li Meiqing , Gao Liming , Zhong Diansheng , Zhang Linlin
Published: November 2023

Objective

Opioid-induced nausea and vomiting are frequently observed as an adverse effect in the treatment of cancer-related pain. The factors that affect OINV in cancer patients remain unclear. In this study, we developed a nomogram for predicting the occurrence of OINV in this population using retrospective clinical data.

Methods

We collected data from 416 cancer pain patients, 70% of whom used the training set to analyze demographic and clinical variables. We used multivariate logistic regression to identify significant factors associated with OINV. Then, we construct a prediction nomogram. The validation set comprises the remaining 30%. The reliability of the nomogram is evaluated by bootstrap resampling.

Results

Using multivariate logistic regression, we identified five significant factors associated with OINV. The C-index was 0.835 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.828–0.842) for the training set and 0.810 (95% CI, 0.793–0.826) for the validation set. The calibrated curves show a good agreement between the predicted and actual occurrence of OINV.

Conclusion

In a retrospective study based on five saliency-found variables, we developed and proved a reliable nomogram model to predict OINV in cancer pain patients. Future prospective studies should assess the model’s reliability and usefulness in clinical practice.
Bubble decomposition for the harmonic map heat flow in the equivariant case
Authors: Jendrej Jacek , Lawrie Andrew
Published: November 2023

We consider the harmonic map heat flow for maps $$\mathbb {R}^{2} \rightarrow \mathbb {S}^2$$

R

2

→

S

2

, under equivariant symmetry. It is known that solutions to the initial value problem can exhibit bubbling along a sequence of times—the solution decouples into a superposition of harmonic maps concentrating at different scales and a body map that accounts for the rest of the energy. We prove that this bubble decomposition is unique and occurs continuously in time. The main new ingredient in the proof is the notion of a collision interval from Jendrej and Lawrie (J Amer Math Soc).
The role of drivers of change in the transition to agroforestry
Authors: van der Meulen Suzanne , Stobbelaar Derk Jan
Published: November 2023

Dutch policy strives to increase the amount of agroforestry. This pilot study aimed to research the forces and obstacles for this growth, in particular the role of various drivers of change. Therefore we conducted a case study in Lingezegen Park (near Arnhem, The Netherlands), using the transition model of Van der Meulen et al. as a basis. This model describes the connection between the transition of the social and physical realms. Important drivers of change influencing the social and physical realms in Lingezegen Park are the establishment of the park itself, but also the relations between and roles of the various stakeholders and the presence of a change agent. Data was collected via Rapid Rural Appraisal in combination with visualization studies and in depth interviews. The interviews were analyzed using a thematic analysis, with the help of NVIVO-software. The case of Lingezegen Park clearly shows that the transformation of the social realm intertwines with developments in the physical realm. The development of the park, both a change in the physical as well as the social realm, made way for new initiatives in sustainable farming systems such as agroforestry. The overall conclusion is that for the transition towards agroforestry, in addition to all kinds of on-site innovation, it is also necessary to take due account of exogenous important drivers of change, especially the functioning of local networks, land use planning and the presence of change agents. The combined effect of this largely determines opportunities for the growth of agroforestry.
Families of multi-level Legendre-like arrays
Authors: Petersen Timothy , Cavy Benjamin , Paganin David , Svalbe Imants
Published: November 2023

Families of new, multi-level integer 2D arrays are introduced here as an extension of the well-known binary Legendre sequences that are derived from quadratic residues. We present a construction, based on Fourier and Finite Radon Transforms, for families of periodic perfect arrays, each of size $$p\times p$$

p
×
p

for many prime values p. Previously delta functions were used as the discrete projections which, when back-projected, build 2D perfect arrays. Here we employ perfect sequences as the discrete projected views. The base family size is $$p+1$$

p
+
1

. All members of these multi-level array families have perfect autocorrelation and constant, minimal cross-correlation. Proofs are given for four useful and general properties of these new arrays. 1) They are comprised of odd integers, with values between at most $$-p$$

-
p

and $$+p$$

+
p

, with a zero value at just one location. 2) They have the property of ‘conjugate’ spatial symmetry, where the value at location (i, j) is always the negative of the value at location $$(p-i, p-j)$$

(
p
-
i
,
p
-
j
)

. 3) Any change in the value assigned to the array’s origin leaves all of its off-peak autocorrelation values unchanged. 4) A family of $$p+1$$

p
+
1

, $$p\times p$$

p
×
p

arrays can be compressed to size $$(p+1)^2$$

(
p
+
1
)

2

and each family member can be exactly and rapidly unpacked in a single $$p\times p$$

p
×
p

decompression pass.
Believing in Change Matters! The Role of Emotion Malleability Beliefs in Emotion Regulation and Paranoid Ideation
Authors: Bahlinger Katrin , Clamor Annika , Lincoln Tania M.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Beliefs that emotions can be changed (i.e., malleability beliefs) are relevant to emotion regulation. Emotion regulation plays a crucial role in severe mental health symptoms, such as paranoid delusions, but it remains unknown to which extent malleability beliefs contribute to a dysfunctional pattern of emotion regulation in individuals experiencing paranoid ideation. Therefore, we investigated whether malleability beliefs are associated with paranoid ideation and whether emotion regulation accounts for this association.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional assessment in a sample of individuals with psychotic disorders (n = 50) and a community sample (n = 218) and collected self-report data on malleability beliefs, the use of emotion regulation strategies (reappraisal, acceptance, rumination, expressive suppression, experience suppression), and paranoid ideation.

Results

Multivariate regressions showed that greater beliefs that emotions are malleable predicted more reappraisal and acceptance in both samples and less rumination in the community sample. Malleability beliefs did not predict the strategies of suppressing an emotion or its expression. In the community sample, but not in the clinical sample, greater beliefs that emotions are malleable were associated with less frequent paranoid ideation and emotion regulation accounted for significant variance in the relationship.

Conclusions

The findings indicate that malleability beliefs do not contribute to paranoid delusions in individuals with psychotic disorders. However, in individuals with subclinical paranoid ideation, a failure to perceive emotions as malleable could hinder adaptive attempts to regulate emotions leading to increased negative affect and thereby pave the way for paranoid ideation. Malleability beliefs may thus represent a promising target for prevention.
Incorporating zinc ion into titanium surface promotes osteogenesis and osteointegration in implantation early phase
Authors: Tian Xutengyue , Zhang Peng , Xu Juan
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study is to further investigate the feasibility of Zinc–Titanium implant as a potential implantable material in oral application in aspects of osteoblast biocompatibility, osteogenesis and osseointegration ability. First, we used plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (PIIID) technology to introduce Zinc ion into pure Titanium surface, then we used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to analyze the chemical composition of modified surface layer; next, we used in vitro studies including immunological fluorescence assay and western blotting to determine responses between MG-63 osteoblast-like cell and implant. In vivo studies adopted pig model to check the feasibility of Zn–Ti implant. Results showed that in vitro and in vivo were consistent, showing that Zn ion was successfully introduced into Ti surface by PIIID technique. The chemical and physical change on modified plant resulted in the more active expressions of mRNA and protein of Type I collagen in MG-63 cells compared with non-treated implant, and the better integration ability of bones with modified implant. We confirmed the Zn–Ti implant owns the ability in promoting osteogenesis and osteointegration in early phase of implantation and is a qualified candidate in dentistry. The overview of our study can be depicted as follows.

Graphical Abstract
San Felipe Geothermal Prospect: A Previously Unrecognized Hydrothermal System on the Northeastern Coast of the Baja California Peninsula, México
Authors: Prol-Ledesma R. M. , Rodríguez-Díaz A. A. , González-Idárraga C. E. , González–Romo I. A. , Membrillo-Abad A. S. , Errasti M. , Torres-Vera M. A.
Published: November 2023

Geophysical surveys discovered low resistivity values that, in combination with geochemical and structural data, indicate the presence of a previously unrecognized geothermal system with a possible maximum size potential similar to that of the presently installed capacity of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field. The only evidence of a hydrothermal system in the San Felipe Valley are warm groundwater wells and four intertidal hot springs. Exploration at San Felipe was part of a research project that included geological, geochemical and geophysical studies, which indicated the presence of low resistivity anomalies and high temperature at depth; the geological survey provided evidence of active fault systems that may act as channels for convective heat transport. Estimation of the energy potential of the San Felipe prospect using the heat in place method yielded a 50% probability of more than 300 MW that would add to the 570 MW of the Cerro Prieto geothermal field and can supply almost 40% of the state of Baja California electricity demand. The Baja California Peninsula is not connected with the national grid and has one of the highest electricity prices in Mexico, which should be an incentive to develop this clean energy source. The results of this work support the recommendation to pursue further advanced exploration of this prospect.
Misperceptions, Income Positions, and Attitudes Toward EU Inequality: A Cross-Country Survey Experiment
Authors: Sattler-Bublitz Elisabeth , Wang Hequn , Jäger Julian , Lohmann Henning , Beblo Miriam
Published: November 2023

We examine the relationship between misperceptions, income positions, and attitudes toward inequality at the supranational level of the EU. Conducting surveys in four EU member states (Germany, Italy, Poland, and Sweden), we confirm that Europeans misperceive their own income position in the EU. Once we account for these misperceptions, we find for all four countries that the lower their income rank, the more citizens assess EU income differences as unjust and are supportive of an EU minimum wage. When we inform a randomized subsample about their misperceived EU income position, those who learn that they are richer than they initially thought assess EU income differences as less unjust. The experiment unveils differences across countries: The general result is driven by respondents in Italy, Poland, and Sweden, whereas information on income misperceptions has opposing effects in Germany. This difference in the treatment reactions of the Germans is very robust and cannot be explained by their identification with the EU, trust in the EU, altruistic motives, political orientation, or socio-demographics.
A virtue reliabilist solution to moore’s paradox
Authors: Hirvelä Jaakko
Published: November 2023

Most of the literature surrounding virtue reliabilism revolves around issues pertaining to the analysis of knowledge. With the exception of the lottery paradox, virtue reliabilists have paid relatively little attention to classic epistemological paradoxes, such as Moore’s paradox. This is a significant omission given how central role such paradoxes have in epistemic theorizing. In this essay I take a step towards remedying this shortcoming by providing a solution to Moore’s paradox. The solution that I offer stems directly from the core of virtue reliabilism.
Metallic iron for environmental remediation: the still overlooked iron chemistry
Authors: Xiao Minhui , Hu Rui , Tao Ran , Cui Xuesong , Konadu-Amoah B. , Yang Huichen , Ndé-Tchoupé Arnaud Igor , Gwenzi Willis , Noubactep Chicgoua , Ruppert Hans
Published: November 2023

Permeable reactive barriers (PRBs) containing metallic iron (Fe0) as reactive materials are currently considered as an established technology for groundwater remediation. Fe0 PRBs have been introduced by a field demonstration based on the fortuitous observation that aqueous trichloroethylenes are eliminated in Fe0-based sampling vessels. Since then, Fe0 has been tested and used for treating various biological (e.g. bacteria, viruses) and chemical (organic and inorganic) contaminants from polluted waters. There is a broad consensus on the view that “reactivity loss” and “permeability loss” are the two main problems hampering the design of sustainable Fe0 systems. However, the view that Fe0 is a reducing agent (electron donor) under environmental conditions should be regarded as a distortion of Corrosion Science. This is because it has been long established that aqueous iron corrosion is a spontaneous process and results in the Fe0 surface being shielded by an oxide scale. The multi-layered oxide scale acts as a conduction barrier for electrons from Fe0. Accordingly, “reactivity loss”, defined as reduced electron transfer to contaminants, must be revisited. On the other hand, because “stoichiometric” ratios were considered while designing the first generation of Fe0 PRBs (Fe0 as reductant), “permeability loss” should also be revisited. The aim of this communication is to clarify this issue and reconcile a proven efficient technology with its scientific roots (i.e. corrosion science).
Transcranial photobiomodulation ameliorates midbrain and striatum neurochemical impairments and behavioral deficits in reserpine-induced parkinsonism in rats
Authors: Mohammed Haitham S. , Hosny Eman N. , Sawie Hussein G. , Khadrawy Yasser A.
Published: November 2023

Photobiomodulation (PBM) of deep brain structures through transcranial infrared irradiation might be an effective treatment for Parkinson’s disease (PD). However, the mechanisms underlying this intervention should be elucidated to optimize the therapeutic outcome and maximize therapeutic efficacy. The present study aimed at investigating the oxidative stress-related parameters of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), and reduced glutathione (GSH) and the enzymatic activities of sodium–potassium-ATPase (Na+, K+-ATPase), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and monoamine oxidase (MAO) and monoamine levels (dopamine (DA), norepinephrine (NE) and serotonin (5-HT) in the midbrain and striatum of reserpine-induced PD in an animal model treated with PBM. Furthermore, the locomotor behavior of the animals has been determined by the open field test. Animals were divided into three groups; the control group, the PD-induced model group, and the PD-induced model treated with the PBM group. Non-invasive treatment of animals for 14 days with 100 mW, 830 nm laser has demonstrated successful attainment in the recovery of oxidative stress, and enzymatic activities impairments induced by reserpine (0.2 mg/kg) in both midbrain and striatum of adult male Wistar rats. PBM also improved the decrease in DA, NE, and 5-HT in the investigated brain regions. On a behavioral level, animals showed improvement in their locomotion activity. These findings have shed more light on some mechanisms underlying the treatment potential of PBM and displayed the safety, easiness, and efficacy of PBM treatment as an alternative to pharmacological treatment for PD.

Graphical abstract
Perfectionism in the anesthesiological environment
Authors: Kravets Olha V. , Yekhalov Vasyl V. , Stanin Dmytro M. , Krishtafor Daria A. , Martynenko Danylo A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Perfectionism today is understood as an individual's psychological conviction that the ideal can and should be achieved, and the imperfect result of work (physical, intellectual, etc.), in their opinion, has no right to exist.

The purpose of the study

Our goal was to investigate levels and types of perfectionism among anesthesiology interns in comparison with the indicators of practicing anesthesiologists.

Materials and methods

An anonymous survey of 92 anesthesiology interns and 124 practicing anesthesiologists was conducted according to the Big-Three Perfectionism Scale (BTPS).

Results

The mean general level of perfectionism was average, with the total BTPS score of 124,38 ± 14,47 out of 225 in interns and 105,97 ± 10,31 in practicing anesthesiologists (p < 0,05). Both interns and practicing doctors leaned toward rigid perfectionism (mean score 32,32 ± 3,32 out of 50 in interns and 33,33 ± 3,23—in practicing doctors, p < 0,05) and self-critical perfectionism, with the average score of 52,08 ± 4,37 out of 90 in interns and 42,87 ± 4,76 in postgraduates (p < 0,05). Narcissistic perfectionism is the factor with the least relative score in both groups (39,99 ± 7,61 out of 85 in interns and 29,77 ± 4,20 in practicing doctors, p < 0,05).

Conclusions

Neither anesthesiology interns nor practicing anesthesiologists in general exhibited high levels of perfectionism. In both groups there was a moderate leaning towards rigid and self-critical perfectionism, which indicates a tendency for the individuals to set high standards for themselves and base their own self-worth on meeting these standards. In interns, the general perfectionism levels were significantly higher than in practicing doctors. Also the self-critical type was more prominent among interns. This might indicate a sense of pressure to meet unrealistic outside expectations and an impostor syndrome which is common for the people at the start of their careers, but it’s also a significant risk factor for future burnout.
China's Chance to Lead
Authors: Carney Richard W.
Published: November 2023

How is China acquiring global influence? Rather than focusing exclusively on China's interests, this book considers a vital but overlooked feature – the interests of recipient countries. Richard W. Carney argues that countries in which political leaders rely more heavily on clientelism coupled with greater control over the corporate sector have a higher demand for Chinese infrastructure spending. Through a combination of statistical analyses and case studies, Carney shows that electoral autocracies (in contrast to closed autocracies, electoral democracies, and liberal democracies) display these features most prominently and are the most avid recipients. This in turn contributes to elevated levels of Chinese digital technologies imports which facilitates the spread of Chinese technical standards, enabling China to create the scale to assert its dominance over the emerging digital economy. Electoral autocracies are the most prevalent type of regime, and are therefore essential partners to China's global ambitions.
Density effects on streamwise-orientated vorticity at river confluences: a laboratory investigation
Authors: Duguay J.M. , Biron P.M. , Lacey R.W.J.
Published: November 2023

Small differences in the densities of a river confluence's tributaries (i.e. 0.5 kg m

$^{-3}$

) have been proposed to cause coherent streamwise-oriented vortices (SOVs) in its mixing interface. These secondary flow structures are thought to result from density-driven gravity currents being laterally confined between the converging flows. However, empirical evidence for density SOVs and the confined gravity current mechanism is lacking. To this end, experiments are carried out in a laboratory confluence permitting a spectrum of thermal density differences between its tributaries. Particle image velocimetry and laser-induced fluorescence are used simultaneously to study the mixing interface's dynamics. The sensitivity of the mixing interface's secondary flow structure to the confluence's momentum ratio and the magnitude of the density difference is evaluated. Density SOVs are confirmed in the mixing interface and are caused by the gravity currents being confined laterally as the opposing flows merge and accelerate downstream. The SOVs are largest and most coherent when the momentum of the dense channel is greater than that of the light channel. The dynamics of these secondary flow structures is strongly coupled to periodic vertically orientated Kelvin–Helmholtz instabilities. The striking similarities between the empirically reproduced SOVs herein and those recently observed at the Coaticook-Massawippi confluence (Quebec, Canada), despite a two-order magnitude difference in physical scale, suggest density SOVs are a scale-independent flow structure at confluences when specific, yet relatively common, hydraulic and density conditions align.
Animals, Anglicans and Cultures of Prayer and Worship in England,c.1900–c.1950
Authors: HARDWICK JOSEPH
Published: November 2023

Studies of Christian worship understandably present churches as institutions that minister to human communities. The article shows that worship in the Church of England has a non-human history. Key developments between 1900 and 1950, notably war, the growth of pet-keeping and heightening concerns about the countryside, encouraged groups, inside and outside the Church, to push for rituals and liturgies that engaged with animals and animal issues in varied ways. The incorporation of animals in worship is an unappreciated aspect of broader changes in cultures of prayer, and an overlooked element in Anglican efforts to reconnect worship with the natural world.
Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera)
Authors: Kaur Sukhdeep , Bains Kiran
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Aloe Barbadensis Miller (Aloe Vera, AV) is a widely recognized for its diverse health-promoting, skin care, and medicinal properties. This narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of AV’s bioactive compounds, pharmacological activities, potential applications, its toxic and adverse effects, as well as the clinical evidence supporting AV’s efficacy in disease prevention. AV contains over 200 bioactive compounds, with the inner clear gel of the leaves containing the majority of these compounds. These include phenolic acids (274.5–307.5 mg/100 g), flavonoids. (3.63–4.70 g/kg), polysaccharides (3.82–6.55 g/kg), saponins, alkaloids, terpenoids, and anthraquinone derivatives. Findings from clinical studies involving both humans and animals highlight the therapeutic potential of AV across diverse health domains. The studies demonstrate AV’s efficacy in reducing blood glucose levels, exhibiting antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects, inducing apoptosis in cancer cells, protecting the liver from damage, and displaying antimicrobial properties. In the fields of dermatology and dentistry, AV has also been observed to promote skin and oral health. However, it is imperative to acknowledge potential risks, adhere to recommended dosages, and seek guidance from healthcare experts before employing AV as a natural therapeutic option. Moreover, considering safety concerns, further well-designed randomized controlled trials are necessary to substantiate the potential benefits of AV and comprehensively assess any associated risks.
Skillful Multi‐Month Predictions of Ecosystem Stressors in the Surface and Subsurface Ocean
Authors: Mogen Samuel C. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Yeager Stephen , Keppler Lydia , Sharp Jonathan , Bograd Steven J. , Quiros Nathali Cordero , Di Lorenzo Emanuele , Hazen Elliott L. , Jacox Michael G. , Buil Mercedes Pozo
Published: November 2023

Anthropogenic carbon emissions and associated climate change are driving rapid warming, acidification, and deoxygenation in the ocean, which increasingly stress marine ecosystems. On top of long‐term trends, short term variability of marine stressors can have major implications for marine ecosystems and their management. As such, there is a growing need for predictions of marine ecosystem stressors on monthly, seasonal, and multi‐month timescales. Previous studies have demonstrated the ability to make reliable predictions of the surface ocean physical and biogeochemical state months to years in advance, but few studies have investigated forecast skill of multiple stressors simultaneously or assessed the forecast skill below the surface. Here, we use the Community Earth System Model (CESM) Seasonal to Multiyear Large Ensemble (SMYLE) along with novel observation‐based biogeochemical and physical products to quantify the predictive skill of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), dissolved oxygen, and temperature in the surface and subsurface ocean. CESM SMYLE demonstrates high physical and biogeochemical predictive skill multiple months in advance in key oceanic regions and frequently outperforms persistence forecasts. We find up to 10 months of skillful forecasts, with particularly high skill in the Northeast Pacific (Gulf of Alaska and California Current Large Marine Ecosystems) for temperature, surface DIC, and subsurface oxygen. Our findings suggest that dynamical marine ecosystem prediction could support actionable advice for decision making.
Earthquake Early Warning Starting From 3 s of Records on a Single Station With Machine Learning
Authors: Lara Pablo , Bletery Quentin , Ampuero Jean‐Paul , Inza Adolfo , Tavera Hernando
Published: November 2023

We introduce the Ensemble Earthquake Early Warning System (E3WS), a set of Machine Learning (ML) algorithms designed to detect, locate, and estimate the magnitude of an earthquake starting from 3 s of P‐waves recorded by a single station. The system is made of six Ensemble ML algorithms trained on attributes computed from ground acceleration time series in the temporal, spectral, and cepstral domains. The training set comprises data sets from Peru, Chile, Japan, and the STEAD global data set. E3WS consists of three sequential stages: detection, P‐phase picking, and source characterization. The latter involves magnitude, epicentral distance, depth, and back azimuth estimation. E3WS achieves an overall success rate in the discrimination between earthquakes and noise of 99.9%, with no false positive (noise mis‐classified as earthquakes) and very few false negatives (earthquakes mis‐classified as noise). All false negatives correspond to M ≤ 4.3 earthquakes, which are unlikely to cause any damage. For P‐phase picking, the Mean Absolute Error is 0.14 s, small enough for earthquake early warning purposes. For source characterization, the E3WS estimates are virtually unbiased, have better accuracy for magnitude estimation than existing single‐station algorithms, and slightly better accuracy for earthquake location. By updating estimates every second, the approach gives time‐dependent magnitude estimates that follow the earthquake source time function. E3WS gives faster estimates than present alert systems relying on multiple stations, providing additional valuable seconds for potential protective actions.
Cloud Botany: Shallow Cumulus Clouds in an Ensemble of Idealized Large‐Domain Large‐Eddy Simulations of the Trades
Authors: Jansson Fredrik , Janssens Martin , Grönqvist Johanna H. , Siebesma A. Pier , Glassmeier Franziska , Attema Jisk , Azizi Victor , Satoh Masaki , Sato Yousuke , Schulz Hauke , Kölling Tobias
Published: November 2023

Small shallow cumulus clouds (<1 km) over the tropical oceans appear to possess the ability to self‐organize into mesoscale (10–100 km) patterns. To better understand the processes leading to such self‐organized convection, we present Cloud Botany, an ensemble of 103 large‐eddy simulations on domains of 150 km, produced by the Dutch Atmospheric Large Eddy Simulation model on supercomputer Fugaku. Each simulation is run in an idealized, fixed, larger‐scale environment, controlled by six free parameters. We vary these over characteristic ranges for the winter trades, including parameter combinations observed during the EUREC4A (Elucidating the role of clouds–circulation coupling in climate) field campaign. In contrast to simulation setups striving for maximum realism, Cloud Botany provides a platform for studying idealized, and therefore more clearly interpretable causal relationships between conditions in the larger‐scale environment and patterns in mesoscale, self‐organized shallow convection. We find that any simulation that supports cumulus clouds eventually develops mesoscale patterns in their cloud fields. We also find a rich variety in these patterns as our control parameters change, including cold pools lined by cloudy arcs, bands of cross‐wind clouds and aggregated patches, sometimes topped by thin anvils. Many of these features are similar to cloud patterns found in nature. The published data set consists of raw simulation output on full 3D grids and 2D cross‐sections, as well as post‐processed quantities aggregated over the vertical (2D), horizontal (1D) and all spatial dimensions (time‐series). The data set is directly accessible from Python through the use of the EUREC4A intake catalog.
Markers of intestinal mucositis to predict blood stream infections at the onset of fever during treatment for childhood acute leukemia
Authors: Weischendorff Sarah , Rathe Mathias , Petersen Malene Johanne , Weimann Allan , Enevold Christian , Nielsen Claus H. , Als-Nielsen Bodil , Nygaard Ulrikka , Moser Claus , Müller Klaus
Published: November 2023

Despite chemotherapy-induced intestinal mucositis being a main risk factor for blood stream infections (BSIs), no studies have investigated mucositis severity to predict BSI at fever onset during acute leukemia treatment. This study prospectively evaluated intestinal mucositis severity in 85 children with acute leukemia, representing 242 febrile episodes (122 with concurrent neutropenia) by measuring plasma levels of citrulline (reflecting enterocyte loss), regenerating islet-derived-protein 3α (REG3α, an intestinal antimicrobial peptide) and CCL20 (a mucosal immune regulatory chemokine) along with the general neutrophil chemo-attractants CXCL1 and CXCL8 at fever onset. BSI was documented in 14% of all febrile episodes and in 20% of the neutropenic febrile episodes. In age-, sex-, diagnosis- and neutrophil count-adjusted analyses, decreasing citrulline levels and increasing REG3α and CCL20 levels were independently associated with increased odds of BSI (OR = 1.6, 1.5 and 1.7 per halving/doubling, all p < 0.05). Additionally, higher CXCL1 and CXCL8 levels increased the odds of BSI (OR = 1.8 and 1.7 per doubling, all p < 0.0001). All three chemokines showed improved diagnostic accuracy compared to C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. These findings underline the importance of disrupted intestinal integrity as a main risk factor for BSI and suggest that objective markers for monitoring mucositis severity may help predicting BSI at fever onset.
Targeting the up-regulated CNOT3 reverses therapeutic resistance and metastatic progression of EGFR-mutant non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Jing Lin , Zhai Meng-En , Qian Mei-Rui , Li Yi-Ming , Han Ming-Wei , Wang Kun , Huang Wan , Nan Gang , Jiang Jian-Li
Published: November 2023

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. CNOT3, a subunit of the CCR4-NOT complex, has recently been suggested to be overexpressed in lung cancer and involved in tumor malignancy. However, its precise role and the underlying mechanisms still need to be fully revealed. In the present study, we found in lung cancer cells the expression of CNOT3 could be regulated by EGFR signaling pathway and c-Jun, a transcription factor downstream of EGFR, transcriptionally regulated its expression. Interestingly, CNOT3 could inversely regulate the expression of c-Jun via modulating its translation. Thus, a feedback loop existed between c-Jun and CNOT3. CNOT3 reduction post EGFR blockade facilitated the drug-induced cell death, and simultaneously inhibited cell proliferation via impacting TSC1/mTOR axis. Whereas, further up-regulation of the CNOT3 expression was observed in gefitinib-resistant cells, which dampened gefitinib sensitivity. Mechanically, the elevation of CNOT3 was induced by the bypass activation of HER2/c-Jun signaling. Depleting CNOT3 in vitro and in vivo sensitized the drug-resistant cells to gefitinib treatment and inhibited metastatic progression. These results give novel insights into the role of CNOT3 in lung cancer malignancy and provide a theoretical basis for the development of therapeutic strategies to solve acquired resistance to EGFR-TKIs.
Regenerating human skeletal muscle forms an emerging niche in vivo to support PAX7 cells
Authors: Hicks Michael R. , Saleh Kholoud K. , Clock Ben , Gibbs Devin E. , Yang Mandee , Younesi Shahab , Gane Lily , Gutierrez-Garcia Victor , Xi Haibin , Pyle April D.
Published: November 2023

Skeletal muscle stem and progenitor cells including those derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer an avenue towards personalized therapies and readily fuse to form human–mouse myofibres in vivo. However, skeletal muscle progenitor cells (SMPCs) inefficiently colonize chimeric stem cell niches and instead associate with human myofibres resembling foetal niches. We hypothesized competition with mouse satellite cells (SCs) prevented SMPC engraftment into the SC niche and thus generated an SC ablation mouse compatible with human engraftment. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing of SC-ablated mice identified the absence of a transient myofibre subtype during regeneration expressing Actc1. Similarly, ACTC1+ human myofibres supporting PAX7+ SMPCs increased in SC-ablated mice, and after re-injury we found SMPCs could now repopulate into chimeric niches. To demonstrate ACTC1+ myofibres are essential to supporting PAX7 SMPCs, we generated caspase-inducible ACTC1 depletion human pluripotent stem cells, and upon SMPC engraftment we found a 90% reduction in ACTC1+ myofibres and a 100-fold decrease in PAX7 cell numbers compared with non-induced controls. We used spatial RNA sequencing to identify key factors driving emerging human niche formation between ACTC1+ myofibres and PAX7+ SMPCs in vivo. This revealed that transient regenerating human myofibres are essential for emerging niche formation in vivo to support PAX7 SMPCs.
Efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in Chinese patients with refractory or relapsed severe aplastic anemia
Authors: Chang Hong , He Guangsheng , Fu Rong , Li Fei , Han Bing , Li Tao , Liu Lei , Mittal Hemant , Jin Hantao , Zhang Fengkui
Published: November 2023

For patients with severe aplastic anemia (SAA) in China who have had an insufficient response to the first-line treatment with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy, there is no established standard of care other than transfusion support and treatment of infections. This non-randomized, open-label, Phase II multicenter trial investigated the efficacy and safety of eltrombopag in 20 adult Chinese patients with refractory or relapsed (r/r) SAA. The primary endpoint of hematologic response rate at Week 26, defined as the proportion of patients who met any of the International Working Group criteria, was observed in 70% (14/20) of patients, with more than 50% of these having at least bi-lineage response. Reduced red blood cell and platelet transfusion at Week 26 were observed in 57% (8/14) and 80% (8/10) of patients, respectively. Safety findings were consistent with the established safety profile of eltrombopag and no new safety signals were reported. None of the patients discontinued eltrombopag because of safety concerns. Although the sample size was small, this is the first prospective study to show that eltrombopag is efficacious and has a favorable safety profile in a Chinese patient population with r/r SAA.

Trial registration: This trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03988608); registered 17 June 2019.
Unveiling the combined effects of neutral dynamics and electrodynamic forcing on dayside ionosphere during the 3–4 February 2022 “SpaceX” geomagnetic storms
Authors: Kakoti Geetashree , Bagiya Mala S. , Laskar Fazlul I. , Lin Dong
Published: November 2023

Geomagnetic storms of G1-class were observed on 3 and 4 February 2022, which caused the loss of 38 out of 49 SpaceX satellites during their launch due to enhanced neutral density. The effects of storm-time neutral dynamics and electrodynamics over the American sector during this minor storm have been investigated using Global Positioning System—total electron content (TEC) and Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) mission measured thermospheric composition and temperature. Results revealed an unexpected feature in terms of increase in O/N2 and depletion in TEC over the American low-latitudes. This feature is in addition to the classic storm time ionospheric variations of enhancement in ionospheric electron density in presence of enhanced O/N2 and an intense equatorial electrojet (EEJ). Further, significant morning-noon electron density reductions were observed over the southern mid-high latitudes along the American longitudes. Results from Multiscale Atmosphere-Geospace Environment (MAGE) model simulations elucidated storm-induced equatorward thermospheric wind which caused the strong morning counter electrojet by generating the disturbance dynamo electric field. This further explains the morning TEC depletion at low-latitudes despite an increase in O/N2. Sub-storm related magnetospheric convection resulted in significant noon-time peak in EEJ on 4 February. Observation and modelling approaches together suggested that combined effects of storm-time neutral dynamic and electrodynamic forcing resulted in significant ionospheric variations over the American sector during minor geomagnetic storms.
Software defect prediction using learning to rank approach
Authors: Nassif Ali Bou , Talib Manar Abu , Azzeh Mohammad , Alzaabi Shaikha , Khanfar Rawan , Kharsa Ruba , Angelis Lefteris
Published: November 2023

Software defect prediction (SDP) plays a significant role in detecting the most likely defective software modules and optimizing the allocation of testing resources. In practice, though, project managers must not only identify defective modules, but also rank them in a specific order to optimize the resource allocation and minimize testing costs, especially for projects with limited budgets. This vital task can be accomplished using Learning to Rank (LTR) algorithm. This algorithm is a type of machine learning methodology that pursues two important tasks: prediction and learning. Although this algorithm is commonly used in information retrieval, it also presents high efficiency for other problems, like SDP. The LTR approach is mainly used in defect prediction to predict and rank the most likely buggy modules based on their bug count or bug density. This research paper conducts a comprehensive comparison study on the behavior of eight selected LTR models using two target variables: bug count and bug density. It also studies the effect of using imbalance learning and feature selection on the employed LTR models. The models are empirically evaluated using Fault Percentile Average. Our results show that using bug count as ranking criteria produces higher scores and more stable results across multiple experiment settings. Moreover, using imbalance learning has a positive impact for bug density, but on the other hand it leads to a negative impact for bug count. Lastly, using the feature selection does not show significant improvement for bug density, while there is no impact when bug count is used. Therefore, we conclude that using feature selection and imbalance learning with LTR does not come up with superior or significant results.
The role of an amphiphilic helix and transmembrane region in the efficient acylation of the M2 protein from influenza virus
Authors: Meng Xiaorong , Templeton Clark , Clementi Cecilia , Veit Michael
Published: November 2023

Protein palmitoylation, a cellular process occurring at the membrane-cytosol interface, is orchestrated by members of the DHHC enzyme family and plays a pivotal role in regulating various cellular functions. The M2 protein of the influenza virus, which is acylated at a membrane-near amphiphilic helix serves as a model for studying the intricate signals governing acylation and its interaction with the cognate enzyme, DHHC20. We investigate it here using both experimental and computational assays. We report that altering the biophysical properties of the amphiphilic helix, particularly by shortening or disrupting it, results in a substantial reduction in M2 palmitoylation, but does not entirely abolish the process. Intriguingly, DHHC20 exhibits an augmented affinity for some M2 mutants compared to the wildtype M2. Molecular dynamics simulations unveil interactions between amino acids of the helix and the catalytically significant DHHC and TTXE motifs of DHHC20. Our findings suggest that the binding of M2 to DHHC20, while not highly specific, is mediated by requisite contacts, possibly instigating the transfer of fatty acids. A comprehensive comprehension of protein palmitoylation mechanisms is imperative for the development of DHHC-specific inhibitors, holding promise for the treatment of diverse human diseases.
Multifractal analysis of cellular ATR-FTIR spectrum as a method for identifying and quantifying cancer cell metastatic levels
Authors: Barbora Ayan , Karri Sirish , Firer Michael A. , Minnes Refael
Published: November 2023

Cancer is a leading cause of mortality today. Sooner a cancer is detected, the more effective is the treatment. Histopathological diagnosis continues to be the gold standard worldwide for cancer diagnosis, but the methods used are invasive, time-consuming, insensitive, and still rely to some degree on the subjective judgment of pathologists. Recent research demonstrated that Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy can be used to determine the metastatic potential of cancer cells by evaluating their membrane hydration. In the current study, we demonstrate that the conversion of ATR-FTIR spectra using multifractal transformation generates a unique number for each cell line’s metastatic potential. Applying this technique to murine and human cancer cells revealed a correlation between the metastatic capacity of cancer cells within the same lineage and higher multifractal value. The multifractal spectrum value was found to be independent of the cell concentration used in the assay and unique to the tested lineage. Healthy cells exhibited a smaller multifractal spectrum value than cancer cells. Further, the technique demonstrated the ability to detect cancer progression by being sensitive to the proportional change between healthy and cancerous cells in the sample. This enables precise determination of cancer metastasis and disease progression independent of cell concentration by comparing the measured spectroscopy derived multifractal spectrum value. This quick and simple technique devoid of observer bias can transform cancer diagnosis to a great extent improving public health prognosis worldwide.
The impact of the number of high temporal resolution water meters on the determinism of water consumption in a district metered area
Authors: Stańczyk Justyna , Pałczyński Krzysztof , Dzimińska Paulina , Ledziński Damian , Andrysiak Tomasz , Licznar Paweł
Published: November 2023

Developments in data mining techniques have significantly influenced the progress of Intelligent Water Systems (IWSs). Learning about the hydraulic conditions enables the development of increasingly reliable predictive models of water consumption. The non-stationary, non-linear, and inherent stochasticity of water consumption data at the level of a single water meter means that the characteristics of its determinism remain impossible to observe and their burden of randomness creates interpretive difficulties. A deterministic model of water consumption was developed based on data from high temporal resolution water meters. Seven machine learning algorithms were used and compared to build predictive models. In addition, an attempt was made to estimate how many water meters data are needed for the model to bear the hallmarks of determinism. The most accurate model was obtained using Support Vector Regression (8.9%) and the determinism of the model was achieved using time series from eleven water meters of multi-family buildings.
Altered peripheral taste function in a mouse model of inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Dong Guangkuo , Boothe Khaylie , He Lianying , Shi Yang , McCluskey Lynnette Phillips
Published: November 2023

Increased sugar intake and taste dysfunction have been reported in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a chronic disorder characterized by diarrhea, pain, weight loss and fatigue. It was previously unknown whether taste function changes in mouse models of IBD. Mice consumed dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) during three 7-day cycles to induce chronic colitis. DSS-treated mice displayed signs of disease, including significant weight loss, diarrhea, loss of colon architecture, and inflammation of the colon. After the last DSS cycle we assessed taste function by recording electrophysiological responses from the chorda tympani (CT) nerve, which transmits activity from lingual taste buds to the brain. DSS treatment significantly reduced neural taste responses to natural and artificial sweeteners. Responses to carbohydrate, salt, sour or bitter tastants were unaffected in mice with colitis, but umami responses were modestly elevated. DSS treatment modulated the expression of receptor subunits that transduce sweet and umami stimuli in oral taste buds as a substrate for functional changes. Dysregulated systemic cytokine responses or dysbiosis that occurs during chronic colitis may be upstream from changes in oral taste buds. We demonstrate for the first time that colitis alters taste input to the brain, which could exacerbate malnutrition in IBD patients.
A new Chinese crow’s feet grading scale based on the DermaTOP system
Authors: Han Yuqing , Li Chengtong , Wang Rui , Zhang Jiaqi , Wu Fan , Zhao Jinfeng , Yan Shiyu , Liu Qi , Pan Yao
Published: November 2023

Many Chinese wrinkle studies continue to use non-Chinese scales because few Chinese-based wrinkle scales have been developed. The study aims to develop a crow’s feet grading scale for Chinese individuals. We enrolled 608 healthy Chinese subjects and measured data through the DermaTOP system. We chose exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to reduce the dimensions of the data. A three-factor structure was obtained by using EFA, and it explained a cumulative total of 89.551% of the variance. A computational formula was obtained by calculating the total factor tilt scores and taking the variance contribution rate of three factors as the weight. Based on the computational formula, a grading map was designed and tested. The model validation was conducted using both subjective assessments from the expert panel and objective results from the model calculations. The results showed that our grading scale model is stable. This study developed a Chinese crow’s feet (CCF) grading scale, which included a parameter, a grading map, and literal descriptions. The CCF grading scale is a validated tool for evaluating the effects of cosmetics or specific therapies. More importantly, the CCF scale was developed based on objective data, which may inspire new ideas for wrinkle grading scale development in the future.