bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
River mangrove Aegiceras corniculatum maintains certain levels of Na+ and Cl− in leaves to adapt seasonal freshwater
Authors: Xu Li , Liu Chao , Xin Changpeng , Wang Wenqing
Published: February 2023

Mangrove environments are often characterized by large fluctuations in salinity, ranging from freshwater to hyper‐saline conditions. Most reports have focused on the mechanisms by which mangroves adapt to high salinity. However, how mangroves cope with seasonal freshwater habitats has seldom been studied. To address this question, we surveyed the river salinity and leaf traits (chlorophyll fluorescence, ion concentrations, carbon isotope ratios and osmolality) of Aegiceras corniculatum (L.) Blanco (river mangrove) along a freshwater‐dominated river. A. corniculatum at the upstream site was subjected low salinity, being in fresh water for a long period (up to 310 h) in the wet season, which drastically diminished during the dry season. At both sites, the actual photosystem II efficiency (ФPSII) and electron transport rates (ETR) of the leaves were higher in the wet season than in the dry season, and the carbon isotope (δ13C), ions (Na+ and Cl−) concentrations and osmolality showed no seasonal variations. However, the maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), the proportion for closed PSII reaction centres (1 − qP) and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ) of the leaves at the upstream site maintained high levels in the wet season. This quenching analysis indicated that there was a down‐regulation of photoprotection at the upstream site during wet season. An explanation for this is that long‐term freshwater is a stressful environment for A. corniculatum and maintaining certain level Na+ and Cl− in saline water episode is necessary for A. corniculatum to maintain low water potentials to take up water.
Application of Caenorhabditis elegans in the evaluation of food nutrition: A review
Authors: Li Quancen , Xiao Meifang , Li Na , Cai Wenwen , Zhao Chao , Liu Bin , Zeng Feng
Published: February 2023

At present, more and more people are suffering from various diseases and it is particularly important to find a suitable biological model to evaluate the prevention and treatment effects of various drugs and active ingredients on diseases. In all biological models, Caenorhabditis elegans is a kind of organism that is easy to observe and cultivate, has a clear genetic background and a high degree of signal pathway conservation with humans. A variety of active ingredients such as polyphenols, polysaccharides, polypeptides, and vitamins exist from natural products, which has extremely high physiological functions and medicinal values. It is highly reliable to evaluate the trophic and functional properties of the active ingredients from natural products in C. elegans. The functional properties of the active ingredients from natural products such as antiaging, anti‐oxidation, regulating lipid metabolism, preventing and treating Alzheimer's disease in C. elegans were clarified in this review. At the same time, its possible pathways were summarized. The literature revealed that it had great effect to evaluate the nutrition and functionality of the active ingredients from natural products in C. elegans. Finally, the shortcomings in this field and suggestions for further improvement in this field have been emphasized.
[FeFe] Hydrogenase: 2‐Propanethiolato‐Bridged {FeFe} Systems as Electrocatalysts for Hydrogen Production in Acetonitrile‐Water
Authors: Agarwal Tashika , Kaur‐Ghumaan Sandeep
Published: February 2023

Diiron bis(monothiolato)‐bridged hydrogenase mimics [Fe2(μ‐SiPr)2(CO)6] A (iPr=isopropyl) and their phosphine derivatives [Fe2(μ‐SiPr)2(CO)5(L1/2)] and [Fe2(μ‐SiPr)2(CO)4(L3)] {tricyclohexylphosphine (L1, PCy3) 1, triphenylphosphine (L2, PPh3) 2 and cis‐1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene (L3, dppv) 3} have been synthesized and investigated for electrocatalytic proton reduction activity in CH3CN−H2O. Based on the FTIR data (red‐shift), the electron‐donating ability of the phosphines followed the order: dppv>PCy3>PPh3 (average shift value with respect to complex A was 61 (1), 51 (2) and 80 (3) cm−1). From CV measurements, it was seen that the catalytic reduction potential (acetic acid as proton source) shifted considerably towards positive potentials (anodic shift) on changing the solvent from pure CH3CN to CH3CN−H2O (4 : 1 v/v). An increase in the percentage of water in CH3CN led to the decomposition of complexes 1 and 3. Though complexes A and 2 were stable in CH3CN−H2O (3 : 2 v/v), no improvement in electrocatalytic currents was observed.
Influence of Changing the Remote Substituents on Charge Transfer Properties of Cyanide‐Bridged Trinuclear Fe−Ru−Fe Complexes
Authors: Tan Bing‐Chang , Wang Qian , Jiang Long‐Long , Song Ying , Wu Xin‐Tao , Sheng Tian‐Lu
Published: February 2023

To investigate the effect of ligand remote (>10 Å) substituents on the bridging metal center on the metal‐to‐metal charge transfer (MMCT) properties in cyanidometa‐bridged complexes, a series of new cyanidometal‐bridged complexes and their one‐electron and two‐electron oxidation products have been synthesized and well characterized (namely, trans‐[Cp(dppe)Fe−NC−(L)Ru(PPh3)−CN−Fe(dppe)Cp][PF6]n (n=2, 3, 4) (L=dmptpy, 1[PF6]n; L=meoptpy, 2[PF6]n; L=t‐Buptpy, 3[PF6]n) (Cp=1,3‐cyclopentadiene, dppe=1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane, PPh3=triphenylphosphine, dmptpy=4′‐(4‐dimethylaminophenyl)‐2,2′,6′,2′′‐terpyridine, meoptpy=4′‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐2,2′,6′,2′′‐terpyridine, t‐Buptpy=4′‐(4‐tertbutylphenyl)‐2,2′,6′,2′′‐terpyridine)). The investigations suggest that the cyanido‐stretching (νCN) vibration energy for the complexes is unsensitive to the electron‐donating ability change of the remote substituents of the cyanidometal bridging auxiliary ligand from tertbutyl, methoxy to dimethylamino group. However, the MMCT energies of the one‐ and two‐electron oxidation complexes are still sensitive to the remote substituents of the ligand on the bridging metal center, and decreases with the increase of the electron‐donating ability of the remote substituents from tertbutyl, methoxy to dimethylamino group. All one‐electron and two‐electron oxidation products belong to Class II mixed valence compounds according to the classification of Robin and Day.
Ring‐Expanded N‐Heterocyclic Copper(I) Boryl Complexes: The Structures of [(6‐Dipp)CuBcat], [(6‐Dipp)CuBneop], and [(6‐Dipp)CuBhex]
Authors: Babula Dawid J. , Charman Rex S. C. , Jerome Thomas H. , Horsley Downie Thomas M. , Mahon Mary F. , Liptrot David J.
Published: February 2023

σ‐Bond metathesis reactions between [(6‐Dipp)CuOtBu] (6‐Dipp=:C({Dipp}NCH2)2CH2, Dipp=2,6‐iPr2−C6H3) and three diboranes gave access to three new copper(I) boryl complexes [(6‐Dipp)CuBcat], [(6‐Dipp)CuBneop], and [(6‐Dipp)CuBhex] (cat=1,2‐O2C6H4; neop=(OCH2)2C(CH3)2; hex=OC(CH3)HCH2C(CH3)2O). Whilst [(6‐Dipp)CuBcat] and [(6‐Dipp)CuBneop] formed rapidly in toluene, access to [(6‐Dipp)CuBhex] required heating to 60 °C for days. The complexes were characterised by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography which showed in all three cases that the systems were monomers and distorted‐linear at the copper atom. The stability of [(6‐Dipp)CuBneop] was found to be comparable to that of [(IPr*)Cu‐Bneop] (IPr*=1,3‐bis(2,6‐(diphenylmethyl)‐4‐methylphenyl)imidazol‐2‐ylidene); it persisted in solution for days with no sign of decomposition. [(6‐Dipp)CuBhex] is a rare crystallographically characterised example of a complex containing a boryl anion supported by the hexylene glycolato ligand.
Electrochemically Generated Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Click Chemistry: Triazole Synthesis and Insights into Their Photophysical Properties
Authors: Krishnan Murugan , Kathiresan Murugavel , Praveen Chandrasekar
Published: February 2023

Herein, we report the electro‐click (e‐CLICK) reaction via electrochemically generated copper(I) catalytic species. The reaction worked under constant potential electrolysis (−0.25 V) with copper(II) nitrate and 2,2′‐bipyridine serving as pre‐catalyst and ligand respectively. The reaction accommodates electronically different organic azides and terminal alkynes to afford 1,2,3‐triazoles in good synthetic yields with excellent 1,4‐regioselectivity. Compared to traditional click chemistry, the developed e‐CLICK methodology avoids the use of external reducing agents such as sodium ascorbate. Absorptive properties of selected triazole products were assessed by UV‐visible electronic spectra. Triazole (3 e) was further applied for the spectrophotometric detection of Co2+ and Cu2+ species.
Umbrella review: Summary of findings for acupuncture as treatment for radiation‐induced xerostomia
Authors: Dörfler Jennifer , Freuding Maren , Zaiser Christopher , Büntzel Jens , Keinki Christian , Käsmann Lukas , Hübner Jutta
Published: February 2023

Acupuncture is a common part of complementary medicine. However, traditional Chinese acupuncture has been built on concepts which are not in accordance with science‐based medicine. Our aim was to critically assess the evidence presented in systematic reviews (SRs) and meta‐analyses (MAs) about the effectiveness of acupuncture on radiotherapy induced xerostomia. A systematic search was conducted in February 2022. We evaluated all SRs/MAs using the AMSTAR‐2 instrument. Eight SRs, with 12 controlled studies were included. All SRs summarize that the methodological drawbacks do not allow to give a clear statement about the effectiveness of acupuncture. While objective assessments in most SRs/MAs reported no difference between real and sham acupuncture, some favorable effects on subjective xerostomia symptoms are found. No clinical meaningful effectiveness of acupuncture on xerostomia has been proven so far, but positive subjective findings need to be explored more. While most SRs recommend further studies, studies involving patients with a serious cancer diagnosis are ethically questionable.
The role of radiomics in tongue cancer: A new tool for prognosis prediction
Authors: Mossinelli Chiara , Tagliabue Marta , Ruju Francesca , Cammarata Giulio , Volpe Stefania , Raimondi Sara , Zaffaroni Mattia , Isaksson Johannes Lars , Garibaldi Cristina , Cremonesi Marta , Corso Federica , Gaeta Aurora , Emili Ilaria , Zorzi Stefano , Alterio Daniela , Marvaso Giulia , Pepa Matteo , De Fiori Elvio , Maffini Fausto , Preda Lorenzo , Benazzo Marco , Jereczek‐Fossa Barbara Alicja , Ansarin Mohssen
Published: February 2023

Background

Radiomics represents an emerging field of precision‐medicine. Its application in head and neck is still at the beginning.

Methods

Retrospective study about magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based radiomics in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) surgically treated (2010–2019; 79 patients). All preoperative MRIs include different sequences (T1, T2, DWI, ADC). Tumor volume was manually segmented and exported to radiomic‐software, to perform feature extraction. Statistically significant variables were included in multivariable analysis and related to survival endpoints. Predictive models were elaborated (clinical, radiomic, clinical‐radiomic models) and compared using C‐index.

Results

In almost all clinical‐radiomic models radiomic‐score maintained statistical significance. In all cases C‐index was higher in clinical‐radiomic models than in clinical ones. ADC provided the best fit to the models (C‐index 0.98, 0.86, 0.84 in loco‐regional recurrence, cause‐specific mortality, overall survival, respectively).

Conclusion

MRI‐based radiomics in OTSCC represents a promising noninvasive method of precision medicine, improving prognosis prediction before surgery.
Fiscal targets. A guide to forecasters?
Authors: Paredes Joan , Pérez Javier J. , Perez Quiros Gabriel
Published: February 2023

We formulate and estimate empirical models for a selection of EU countries (Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Ireland) to show that ex‐ante government (consumption) targets convey useful information about ex‐post fiscal developments, even if the track record of governments meeting their respective targets is low. The use of targets is particularly valuable when there is limited information about its implementation, for example, at the beginning of a fiscal year, when observed data are scarce. Thus, forecasters would be well advised to use fiscal targets as a guide in creating projections, despite the findings of a well‐established literature that reports that, ex post, governments tend to induce politically motivated biases in policy targets.
Trabecular Bone Score (TBS) Varies with Correction for Tissue Thickness Versus Body Mass Index: Implications When Using Pediatric Reference Norms
Authors: Valenzuela Riveros Luisa F , Long Jin , Bachrach Laura K , Leonard Mary B , Kent Kyla
Published: February 2023

Trabecular bone score (TBS) derived from secondary analysis of lumbar spine dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans improves fracture prediction independent of bone mineral density (BMD) in adults. The utility of TBS to assess fracture risk in younger patients has not been established because pediatric norms have been lacking. Robust TBS reference data from the Bone Mineral Density in Childhood Study (BMDCS) have been published. TBS values for the BMDCS study were derived using an algorithm that accounts for tissue thickness (TBSTH) rather than the commercially available algorithm that adjusts for body mass index (BMI; TBSBMI). We examined the magnitude of differences in TBSTH and TBSBMI in a cohort of 189 healthy youth. TBS values using both algorithms increased with age and pubertal development in a similar pattern. However, TBSBMI values were systematically and significantly higher than TBSTH (mean = 0.06, p < 0.0001). The difference between calculated TBSBMI and TBSTH was not uniform. Differences were greater at lower TBS values, in males, in older individuals, in those at later Tanner stages, and in those with a greater BMI Z-score. These systematic differences preclude the development of a simple formula to allow conversion of TBSBMI to TBSTH “equivalents.” Because of these systematic differences in these two algorithms, using an individual's TBSBMI to calculate a Z-score using the BMDCS TBSTH reference values results in a falsely higher TBS Z-score (differences mean = 0.73, interquartile range [IQR] = 0.3 to 1.6). Until TBSTH software for Hologic DXA equipment becomes commercially available, BMDCS TBS reference norms should not be used. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Role of the Mitochondrial Permeability Transition in Bone Metabolism and Aging
Authors: Sautchuk Rubens , Yu Chen , McArthur Matthew , Massie Christine , Brookes Paul S. , Porter George A. , Awad Hani , Eliseev Roman A.
Published: February 2023

The mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) and its positive regulator, cyclophilin D (CypD), play important pathophysiological roles in aging. In bone tissue, higher CypD expression and pore activity are found in aging; however, a causal relationship between CypD/MPTP and bone degeneration needs to be established. We previously reported that CypD expression and MPTP activity are downregulated during osteoblast (OB) differentiation and that manipulations in CypD expression affect OB differentiation and function. Using a newly developed OB-specific CypD/MPTP gain-of-function (GOF) mouse model, we here present evidence that overexpression of a constitutively active K166Q mutant of CypD (caCypD) impairs OB energy metabolism and function, and bone morphological and biomechanical parameters. Specifically, in a spatial-dependent and sex-dependent manner, OB-specific CypD GOF led to a decrease in oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) levels, higher oxidative stress, and general metabolic adaptations coincident with the decreased bone organic matrix content in long bones. Interestingly, accelerated bone degeneration was present in vertebral bones regardless of sex. Overall, our work confirms CypD/MPTP overactivation as an important pathophysiological mechanism leading to bone degeneration and fragility in aging. © 2023 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
CEO's characteristics and value creation from corporate spin‐offs
Authors: Kim Soohyung , Yoon Yeosong
Published: February 2023

An important corporate spin‐off procedure is forming the spun‐off unit's management team by a parent firm, especially the selection of the spun‐off unit CEO. Using 207 completed spin‐offs with announcement and execution dates between 1994 and 2018, we investigate whether the financial expertise of spun‐off unit CEOs is an essential determinant of post‐spin‐off performance other than spun‐off unit CEOs’ other observable characteristics, including their general managerial skills. We find that the abnormal announcement returns for appointing financial expert CEOs at spun‐off units are between 2.83 and 3.14 percentage points larger than those generated for appointing non‐financial expert CEOs. Furthermore, spun‐off unit CEOs with financial expertise significantly improve spin‐off firms’ access to external capital resources and subsequent operating performance. Overall, we conclude that spun‐off unit CEOs’ financial expertise is a critical determinant of the value creation of spin‐off procedures. Our paper contributes to a growing literature on CEOs, their characteristics, and their impact on firm performance.
Genetically engineered mouse models of FK506‐binding protein 5
Authors: Gebru Niat T. , Hill Shannon E. , Blair Laura J.
Published: February 2023

FK506 binding protein 51 (FKBP51) is a molecular chaperone that influences stress response. In addition to having an integral role in the regulation of steroid hormone receptors, including glucocorticoid receptor, FKBP51 has been linked with several biological processes including metabolism and neuronal health. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in the gene that encodes FKBP51, FKBP5, are associated with increased susceptibility to multiple neuropsychiatric disorders, which has fueled much of the research on this protein. Because of the complexity of these processes, animal models have been important in understanding the role of FKBP51. This review examines each of the current mouse models of FKBP5, which include whole animal knockout, conditional knockout, overexpression, and humanized mouse models. The generation of each model and observational details are discussed, including behavioral phenotypes, molecular changes, and electrophysiological alterations basally and following various challenges. While much has been learned through these models, there are still many aspects of FKBP51 biology that remain opaque and future studies are needed to help illuminate these current gaps in knowledge. Overall, FKBP5 continues to be an exciting potential target for stress‐related disorders.
Time of acquisition and high spatial resolution mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Wang Mary F. , Joignant Alena N. , Sohn Alexandria L. , Garrard Kenneth P. , Muddiman David C.
Published: February 2023

The field of mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) is constantly evolving to analyze a diverse array of biological systems. A common goal is the need to resolve cellular and subcellular heterogeneity with high spatial resolution. As the field continues to progress towards high spatial resolution, other parameters must be considered when developing a practical method. Here, we discuss the impacts of high spatial resolution on the time of acquisition and the associated implications they have on an MSI analysis (e.g., area of the region of interest). This work presents a brief tutorial serving to evaluate high spatial resolution MSI relative to time of acquisition and data file size.
Dermatitis neglecta of the vulva
Authors: Granahan Aoife , Fadlelseed Huda , Nolan Niamh , O'Brien Donal , Lally Aoife
Published: February 2023

Dermatitis neglecta (DN) is a condition that arises secondary to inadequate cleansing and self‐neglect leading to the accumulation of epidermal debris, corneocytes and sebum. Rarely reported, it is often diagnostically challenging and can mimic other pathologies. It typically arises in cases of chronic disability or psychiatric illness. We present the case of a 72‐year‐old lady with extensive hyperkeratotic plaques of the vulva. Initial clinical impression was that of a malignant or infectious process and skin biopsies were performed. However, with intensive topical care and education, complete resolution was achieved. Frequent relapses of vulval DN occurred over the subsequent months, where secondary gain was identified with increased care and attention from family and friends.
Impact of ecological restoration on ecosystem service trade‐offs: Insight from karst desertification control
Authors: Zhang Shihao , Xiong Kangning , Deng Xuehua , Kong Lingwei , Min Xiaoying
Published: February 2023

Ecological restoration programmes (ERP) contribute to greening and regulation service improvement. However, whether greening exacerbates the social‐ecosystem trade‐offs in a degraded ecoregion remains unclear. In this study, we chose South China karst, a global hotspot of greening (improvement of vegetation), as a case‐study. First, we analyzed the degree of greening in different ecoregions and the contribution of landscape to greening during 2000–2020. Second, we investigated the relationship between greening and indicators (land use, gross domestic product [GDP], and population distribution) and explored the relationship between regulation and provision over time. The results showed that the degree of greening in different ecoregions was different, although ERP played a positive role in greening. The rapid greening in degraded ecoregion was relevant to net forest expansion (26.79% of the conversion area), while the slow greening in a non‐degraded ecoregion was associated with net built‐up land expansion (25.81% of the conversion area). Forest expansion in a degraded ecoregion increased out‐migration and exacerbated the trade‐off between greening and GDP reduction, regulation and provision. Our study found that weak service supply in degraded ecoregion limited farming income, which forced farmers to migrate for work and abandon slopeland. In conclusion, the combination of retiring land and emigrating for work triggers land functional transformation and aggravates social‐ecosystem trade‐offs, but agroforestry can mitigate these trade‐offs. Despite there are limitations in the quantification of population migration, it still provides new insight for the next stage of ERP.
Plan S and purpose: The future direction for UK learned societies
Authors: Treadway Jon , Greaves Sarah
Published: February 2023

Key points

A group of UK‐based learned societies were anonymously interviewed to understand how trends are affecting their missions, strategies, and operations.

The societies' missions focus on supporting academics and disseminating knowledge, with publishing being a means to achieve those goals rather than an end in itself.

The responses were concerned about addressing open access (OA) but, particularly in the post‐COVID‐19 era, this was not necessarily their highest priority.

The societies expressed reliance on larger corporate publishers on them to navigate the transition to OA publishing.

The societies' focus is on evolving their missions to meet the changing needs of their academic communities, with issues around premises as a result of COVID‐19 being more pressing than publishing industry changes.

The societies face challenges in adapting to the shift to online and digital operations, particularly in regards to maintaining engagement with their members.
University press publishing and the ecology of disciplinary fluidity: General observations
Authors: Hérubel Jean‐Pierre V. M.
Published: February 2023

Academic book and journal publishing constitutes the majority focus of university presses. Besides commercial scholarly publishers, academic scholars and researchers view the opportunities provided by university presses as important venues for the dissemination of their research. This discussion focuses on the disciplinary imperative to publish scholarship that is ever more fluid and specialized as academic disciplines continue to become further nuanced in their response to the increasing knowledge produced by humanities and social science inquiry. The focus is on university presses and not commercial scholarly presses, although constitute a significant locus of scholarly publishing. What are the general characteristics of academic specialization and university press publishing? Further, how is disciplinary fluidity, especially evolving specialization, reflected in university press book publishing nomenclature and how scholarship is tied to the intellectual preoccupations of academic specialization? Multi‐ and inter‐disciplinarities further articulate disciplinary publishing, accelerating disciplinary fluidity. Examples from disciplinary and emerging configurations of disciplinary nomenclature utilized by university presses offers insight into specialization and publishing. Academic history publishing is used to illustrate newly emerging fluid disciplinary configurations.
Reflections on a life with Monte Carlo in Medical Physics
Authors: Rogers David W. O.
Published: February 2023

The author reminisces about some of his experiences working with Monte Carlo techniques for Medical Physics applications.
Current approaches for the treatment of ketamine‐induced cystitis
Authors: Zhou Juan , Scott Cassidy , Miab Ziba Rovei , Lehmann Christian
Published: February 2023

Aims

Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic, historically used in a clinical setting for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. Ketamine usage can produce undesirable psychological manifestations including hallucinations and long‐term psychotomimetic effects. As a results of its fast onset and short period of action, ketamine is widely used as a recreational drug. Chronic abuse of ketamine can lead to significant urinary system complications including ketamine‐induced cystitis (KIC). Common side effects of chronic ketamine abuse are urinary pain and discomfort and decreased bladder compliance and voiding pressure. Cessation of ketamine use is associated with improvement of symptoms however the exact pathophysiology of KIC remains unknown, complicating the ability of clinicians to treat this condition.

Method

A literature search was performed using the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Pubmed database up to May 2021.

Results

Animal models of KIC are necessary to further our understanding of KIC pathophysiology and explore potential treatment options. In all cases, cessation of ketamine use is the first line of treatment and is most effective in managing KIC. In addition to cessation, treatment plans must be tailored to the individual, based on the severity of symptoms and disease progression, and include options such as: oral anti‐inflammatories, intravesical treatment and in the most severe cases, surgical intervention.

Conclusion

KIC is a painful condition that currently lacks standardized treatment methods. Both animal models of KIC and clinical trials to further elucidate the mechanism of KIC pathophysiology must be explored to create targeted treatment plans.
The biopsychosocial impacts of anxiety on overactive bladder in women
Authors: Reynolds William S. , McKernan Lindsey C. , Dmochowski Roger R. , Bruehl Stephen
Published: February 2023

Aims

Links between emotional state and the bladder have long been recognized, as psychological comorbidity is a common feature of overactive bladder (OAB). However, how psychological factors might contribute to the development and severity of OAB remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to examine the effect of anxiety on OAB with a specific focus on bladder hypersensitivity.

Methods

In a sample of 120 adult women with OAB, we compared those with at least mild anxiety (PROMIS Anxiety score ≥55) to those with lower anxiety. Analyses focused on patient‐reported questionnaires assessing urinary symptom severity and quality of life, psychological stress symptoms, general somatic symptoms, and results of quantitative sensory testing (QST), including temporal summation to heat pain (TSP). TSP was used to index elevated C‐fiber responsiveness (i.e., central sensitization).

Results

Thirty‐six (30%) women had at least mild anxiety. While there were no group differences for urinary symptom severity, more anxious women reported worse OAB‐specific quality of life, greater psychological stress burden, higher stress reactivity, and greater somatic symptoms. On QST, there were no differences between anxiety groups for pain threshold (43.6 ± 3.1°C vs. 44.0 ± 3.1°C, p = 0.6) and tolerance (47.3 ± 1.5°C vs. 47.4 ± 1.6°C, p = 0.7). However, those with anxiety had significantly higher TSP than those without anxiety (6.0 ± 4.8 vs. 3.7 ± 3.9, p = 0.006), indicating greater central sensitization.

Conclusions

Women with OAB and at least mild anxiety symptoms reported greater psychosocial burdens (i.e., psychological stress, stress reactivity, OAB‐specific QOL) and somatic symptom severity and demonstrated greater central sensitization on QST than those without anxiety. These findings support the hypothesis that anxiety and psychological stress impact hypersensitivity mechanisms that may underlie and contribute to OAB, although further research is needed to better understand how and to what extent.
Nature and well‐being: The association of nature engagement and well‐being during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic
Authors: Phillips Tina B. , Wells Nancy M. , Brown Abigail H. , Tralins Jordan R. , Bonter David N.
Published: February 2023

Numerous studies have shown the positive association between nature engagement and well‐being. During the early phases of the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic, nature engagement changed dramatically as mental health and well‐being declined across the globe.

This study examines how psychological connection to nature and engagement with nature in various forms is associated with well‐being during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic. Specifically, we examine which types of nature engagement (i.e. with nearby nature, through nature excursions and media‐based) are more strongly associated with well‐being based on measures of loneliness, rumination, pandemic emotional impact and mental health.

We employed a cross‐sectional online survey of adults (N = 3282) residing in the United States, 25% of whom report seldom spending time in nature.

Our findings revealed that the psychological construct of connection to nature was associated with less loneliness and greater mental health. Overall, nature engagement was a consistent predictor of well‐being, but different types of activities predicted varying outcomes on our four dependent variables. Greater engagement with nearby nature during the pandemic was associated with less rumination, less pandemic emotional impact and better mental health while nature excursions (e.g. camping, backpacking) and media‐based nature engagement were associated with greater loneliness, more emotional impact from the pandemic and worse mental health. In addition, nature engagement via media was associated with greater rumination.

Our findings suggest that promoting opportunities to increase engagement with and access to nearby nature is associated with better human well‐being, especially during challenging events, and should be part of a multi‐pronged approach for coping with the next public health crisis.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
The impact of hydrocodone rescheduling on utilization, abuse, misuse, and overdose deaths
Authors: Karami Sara , Ajao Adebola , Wong Jennie , Zhang Di , Meyer Tamra , Ding Yulan , Secora Alex , Major Jacqueline M. , Gill Rajdeep , Chai Grace P. , Zhao Yueqin , McAninch Jana
Published: February 2023

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of increased federal restrictions on hydrocodone combination product (HCP) utilization, misuse, abuse, and overdose death.

Methods

We assessed utilization, misuse, abuse, and overdose death trends involving hydrocodone versus select opioid analgesics (OAs) and heroin using descriptive and interrupted time‐series (ITS) analyses during the nine quarters before and after the October 2014 rescheduling of HCPs from a less restrictive (CIII) to more restrictive (CII) category.

Results

Hydrocodone dispensing declined >30% over the study period, and declines accelerated after rescheduling. ITS analyses showed that immediately postrescheduling, quarterly hydrocodone dispensing decreased by 177M dosage units while codeine, oxycodone, and morphine dispensing increased by 49M, 62M, and 4M dosage units, respectively. Postrescheduling, hydrocodone‐involved misuse/abuse poison center (PC) case rates had a statistically significant immediate drop but a deceleration of preperiod declines. There were small level increases in codeine‐involved PC misuse/abuse and overdose death rates immediately after HCP's rescheduling, but these were smaller than level decreases in rates for hydrocodone. Heroin‐involved PC case rates and overdose death rates increased across the study period, with exponential increases in PC case rates beginning 2015.

Conclusions

HCP rescheduling was associated with accelerated declines in hydrocodone dispensing, only partially offset by smaller increases in codeine, oxycodone, and morphine dispensing. The net impact on hydrocodone and other OA‐involved misuse/abuse and fatal overdose was unclear. We did not detect an immediate impact on heroin abuse or overdose death rates; however, the dynamic nature of the crisis and data limitations present challenges to causal inference.
Deep neural networks to predict autonomous ground vehicle behavior on sloping terrain field
Authors: Badgujar Chetan , Das Sanjoy , Figueroa Dania M. , Flippo Daniel , Welch Stephen
Published: February 2023

Conventional large agricultural machinery or implements are unsafe and unsuitable to operate on slopes or 10%. Tractor rollovers are frequent on slopes, precluding farming on arable hills, uneven or highly sloped land. Therefore, a fleet of autonomous ground vehicles (AGV) is proposed to cultivate highly sloped land (). The fleet aims to expand agricultural land to the slopes and to strengths the human‐robot collaboration in an unsafe sloped environment. However, the fleet's success largely depends on vehicle behavior models regarding traction, mobility, and energy consumption on varying slopes. The vehicle intelligent behavior models are essential and would solve multiple objectives ranging from simulations to path planning & navigation. Therefore, this study aimed to build a deep learning‐based vehicle behavior models on sloping terrain. A standard drawbar test was performed on a single AGV operating on an actual sloped field at varying speeds and load conditions. The drawbar test quantified the AGV's behavior on slopes in metrics related to traction (traction efficiency), mobility (travel reduction), and energy consumption (power number). Deep learning‐based models were developed from the experimental data to predict the AGV's behavior on slopes as a function of vehicle velocity, drawbar, and slope. A special model called the proposed model, which combined multiple deep neural networks with a mixture of Gaussians, was developed and trained with a hybrid training method. The proposed model consistently outperformed the other well‐known machine learning models. This study explored the capabilities of machine learning algorithms to simulate the behavior of small‐track vehicle or AGV on sloping terrain. The fleet aims to provide safer agriculture keeping human safety in focus, and the developed predictive vehicle behavior models would empower the fleet's operation on currently unsafe sloped terrain by assisting in vehicle path planning, route optimization, and decision making.
A flexible class of generalized joint frailty models for the analysis of survival endpoints
Authors: Chauvet Jocelyn , Rondeau Virginie
Published: February 2023

This article focuses on shared frailty models for correlated failure times, as well as joint frailty models for the simultaneous analysis of recurrent events (eg, appearance of new cancerous lesions or hospital readmissions) and a major terminal event (typically, death). As extensions of the Cox model, these joint models usually assume a frailty proportional hazards model for each of the recurrent and terminal event processes. In order to extend these models beyond the proportional hazards assumption, our proposal is to replace these proportional hazards models with generalized survival models, for which the survival function is modeled as a linear predictor through a link function. Depending on the link function considered, these can be reduced to proportional hazards, proportional odds, additive hazards, or probit models. We first consider a fully parametric framework for the time and covariate effects. For proportional and additive hazards models, our approach also allows the use of smooth functions for baseline hazard functions and time‐varying coefficients. The dependence between recurrent and terminal event processes is modeled by conditioning on a shared frailty acting differently on the two processes. Parameter estimates are provided using the maximum (penalized) likelihood method, implemented in the R packagefrailtypack(functionGenfrailtyPenal). We perform simulation studies to assess the method, which is also illustrated on real datasets.
CD25 Expression Could Be a Prognostic Marker of Bexarotene Monotherapy for Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas
Authors: Yamamoto Jun , Ohuchi Kentaro , Amagai Ryo , Roh Yuna , Endo Junko , Chiba Hiromu , Tamabuchi Erika , Kambayashi Yumi , Hashimoto Akira , Asano Yoshihide , Fujimura Taku
Published: February 2023

Bexarotene is often administered to phototherapy-resistant early cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) patients as one of the first-line therapies in real-world practice. Since bexarotene reduces the expression of CCR4 in CTCL cells and CCL22 to decrease serum CCL22 levels, bexarotene inhibits the migration of CTCL cells, as well as other CCR4+ cells, such as cytotoxic T cells and regulatory T cells, in the lesional skin of CTCL. In this report, the efficacy of bexarotene in 28 cases of CTCL, as well as its correlations with immunohistochemical profiles of tumour-infiltrating leucocytes (TILs), was retrospectively investigated. The overall response rate at 1 and 4 months for the total cohort was 70.8% (95% CI, 50.6%–86.3%) and 47.8% (95% CI, 29.2%–67.0%), respectively. The disease control rate for the total cohort at 4 months was 65.2% (95% CI, 44.8%–81.3%). The mean event-free survival for all patients was 4.1 months (0.3–68.5 months). In addition, the immunoreactive cells were calculated using digital microscopy, suggesting that the ratio of CD25+ cells among TILs was significantly increased in patients who responded to bexarotene (p = 0.0209), whereas there were no significant differences in the ratios of CD8+ cells, granulysin+ cells, and Foxp3+ cells among TILs between responder and non-responder patients. Collectively, the ratio of CD25 expression among TILs might be a predictive biomarker for the efficacy of bexarotene.
Respiration‐Responsive Colorful Room‐Temperature Phosphorescent Materials and Assembly‐Induced Phosphorescence Enhancement Strategies
Authors: Ye Wenyan , Wang Yandong , Cao Tengyang , Meng He , Wang Chunlei , Hu Bingxuan , Gao Zeyu , Wang Caiqi
Published: February 2023

It is still very challenging to obtain colorful and long‐afterglow room‐temperature phosphorescent (RTP) materials from pure organic polymers. Herein, it is found that chitosan (CS), a natural polymer, not only has its own RTP, but also reacts with different phosphorescent molecules to obtain a multicolor, long‐afterglow RTP material. CS can emit RTP with a lifetime of 48 ms. In addition, CS is rich in amino groups, and grafting different phosphorescent molecules onto CS by an amidation reaction can modulate it to emit different colors of phosphorescence and obtain a series of colorful CS derivatives. The obtained polymer films also have ultra‐long RTP due to the good film‐forming ability. In addition, one of the CS derivatives selected with α‐cyclodextrin is used to construct RTP materials with lifetimes of up to seconds. The host–guest interactions are used to suppress nonradiative relaxation and build crystalline domains, thus synergistically enhancing the RTP. Interestingly, the RTP properties of the CS derivative films are extremely sensitive to water and heat stimuli, because water broke the hydrogen bonds between adjacent CS molecules and thus altered the rigid environment in the material. Finally, they can be used as a stimuli‐responsive ink and for monitoring environmental humidity.
Verification of Applicability of 90 GHz Band Millimeter‐Wave for Obstacle Detection to Railway
Authors: Nakamura Kazuki , Kawasaki Kunihiro , Iwasawa Nagateru , Yamaguchi Daisuke , Takeuchi Keiichi , Shibagaki Nobuhiko , Sato Yosuke , Kashima Ken‐ichi , Takahashi Masaharu
Published: February 2023

Obstacles on railway tracks are a factor hindering safe and stable operation. For this reason, obstacle detection systems have been introduced at level crossings, slopes and under platforms. However, they have been introduced only in limited sections for limited applications. Therefore, the authors considered to introduce an obstacle monitoring system that combines 90 GHz band millimeter‐wave and Radio over Fiber (RoF) technology, as an obstacle monitoring system over tracks to monitor the entire line. Since the millimeter‐wave band has a wide bandwidth, high precision detection is possible when they are used in radar. In addition, since radar control units can be grouped in one place by introducing the RoF technology, we can build a system at a low cost. In order to study the feasibility of introducing a new obstacles monitoring system combining 90 GHz band millimeter‐wave and RoF technology in railway environment, a field test using prototype equipment was conducted on a railway track. As a result, it was confirmed that the prototype radar system could detect humans and non‐metallic objects entering a track at a distance of about 200 m from the location of the prototype system. These results shows that the proposed system has the potential to be introduced as a new railway obstacle monitoring system using 90 GHz band millimeter‐waves and RoF technology. © 2023 The Authors. IEEJ Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Engineering published by Institute of Electrical Engineer of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
The Many Threats from Mechanistic Heterogeneity That Can Spoil Multimethod Research
Authors: Siewert Markus B. , Beach Derek
Published: February 2023

The combination of cross-case and within-case analysis in Multi-Method Research (MMR) designs has gained considerable traction in the social sciences over the last decade. One reason for the popularity of MMR is grounded in the idea that different methods can complement each other, in the sense that the strengths of one method can compensate for the blind spots and weaknesses of another and vice versa. In this chapter, we critically address this core premise of MMR with an emphasis on the external validity of applying some cross-case method, like standard regression or Qualitative Comparative Analysis, in combination with case study analysis. After a brief overview of the rationale of MMR, we discuss in detail the problem of deriving generalizable claims about mechanisms in research contexts that likely exhibit mechanistic heterogeneity. In doing so, we clarify what we mean by mechanistic heterogeneity and where researchers should look for potential sources of mechanistic heterogeneity. Finally, we propose a strategy for progressively updating our confidence in the external validity of claims about causal mechanisms through the strategic selection of cases for within-case analysis based on the diversity of the population.
On the impact of meson mixing on Bs → ϕee angular observables at low q2
Authors: Descotes-Genon Sébastien , Plakias Ioannis , Sumensari Olcyr
Published: February 2023

Abstract

Decays based on the b → sγ transition are expected to yield left-handed photons in the Standard Model, but could be particularly sensitive to New Physics contributions modifying the short-distance Wilson coefficients $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
7 and $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
7′ defined in the low-energy Effective Field Theory. These coefficients can be determined by combining observables of several modes, among which Bs → ϕee at low q2, in a kinematic range where the photon-pole is dominant. We investigate the impact of Bs − $$ \overline{B} $$

B
¯

s mixing on the angular observables available for this mode, which induces a time-dependent modulation governed by interference terms between mixing and decay that are sensitive to the moduli and phases of $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
7 and $$ \mathcal{C} $$
C
7′. These interference terms can be extracted through a time-dependent analysis but they also affect time-integrated observables. In particular, we show that the asymmetries $$ {A}_T^{(2)} $$

A
T

2

and $$ {A}_T^{\left(\operatorname{Im}\right); CP} $$

A
T

Im

;
CP

receive terms of potentially similar size from mixing-independent and mixing-induced terms, and we discuss how the constraints coming from the angular analysis of Bs→ ϕee at low q2 should be interpreted in the presence of mixing.
Maximally symmetric nuts in 4d 𝒩 = 2 higher derivative supergravity
Authors: Hristov Kiril
Published: February 2023

Abstract

We initiate a systematic study of supersymmetric backgrounds in 4d 𝒩 = 2 Euclidean supergravity in the presence of infinite towers of higher derivative corrections. Adopting a Gibbons-Hawking view towards the evaluation of the action in terms of nuts and bolts, we consider the two maximally symmetric vacua ℝ4 and ℍ4 (Euclidean AdS4) and their unique supersymmetric deformations with (anti-) self-dual Maxwell tensors corresponding to a single nut at the center. These are the Omega background of Nekrasov-Okounkov, Ωℝ4, and its generalization with a cosmological constant of Martelli-Passias-Sparks, denoted Ωℍ4 (also known as the gravity dual of the U(1) × U(1) squashed sphere). We write down the BPS configurations in the superconformal formalism in the presence of vector multiplets and derive the corresponding off- and on-shell actions. Our results provide a rigorous proof for important parts of the conjecture in [1] and its holographic corollary in [2], which we discuss in detail along with extensions such as the addition of hypermultiplets and the presence of conical defects.
On metric stability of set-valued subadditive functions
Authors: Shulman Ekaterina
Published: February 2023

In Shulman (J Funct Anal 263:1468–1484, Theorem 2.2) the author estimated the cardinality of the global image of a subadditive map from a group to an arbitrary power set and applied the result to functional equations of Levi-Civita type (the relations of this result to covering a group by subgroups will be shortly discussed in the present paper). Here we will establish the metric stability of this theorem. Namely it will be shown that if a set-valued map F from a group G to a metric space $$(\mathcal {X}, d)$$

(
X
,
d
)

satisfies the condition $$\begin{aligned} d \left( F(gh), F(g)\cup F(h)\right) < \delta , \;\; \text {for any }\ g,h\in G \; \text { and some } \delta >0, \end{aligned}$$

d

F
(
g
h
)
,
F
(
g
)
∪
F
(
h
)

<
δ
,

for any

g
,
h
∈
G

and some

δ
>
0
,

and the cardinality of each F(g) does not exceed $$n\in \mathbb {N}$$

n
∈
N

, then the set $$F(G):= \cup _{g\in G}F(g)$$

F

(
G
)

:
=

∪

g
∈
G

F

(
g
)

can be covered by $$n(n+3)/2$$

n
(
n
+
3
)
/
2

balls of radius $$(3\cdot 6^{n-1}-1)\delta $$

(
3
·

6

n
-
1

-
1
)
δ

.