bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islands of ice on Mars and Pluto
Authors: Sori Michael M. , Bapst Jonathan , Becerra Patricio , Byrne Shane
Published: August 2019

Ice sheets, such as the polar layered deposits (PLDs) of Mars, are of great interest as records of past climate. Smaller outlier ice deposits near the north and south PLDs are likely more sensitive to climate changes and thus may hold information about more recent climate history. However, the southern outlier deposits have largely remained unmapped and unanalyzed. Here, we identify 31 deposits near, but separated from, Mars's south PLDs, all of which are located within impact craters >15 km in diameter. On the basis of morphology, radar analysis, physical similarity to portions of the PLD margin, and overall similarity to previously described deposits in Mars's north polar region, we conclude that these deposits are primarily composed of water ice. An additional 66 craters contain smaller depositional features, some of which may be remnant ice deposits. The 31 outlier ice deposits represent a previously unquantified inventory of water on Mars, with a total volume between 15,000 and 38,000 km3. In addition, we identify five analogous outlier nitrogen ice deposits located within impact craters near Sputnik Planitia, the large nitrogen ice sheet on Pluto. Although important differences exist between Mars and Pluto, broad physical similarities between the two cases suggest that the topography and microclimates of impact craters cause them to be favorable locations for volatile accumulation and/or retention throughout the Solar System.
A Robust Ground‐to‐Image Transformation Algorithm and Its Applications in the Geometric Processing of Linear Pushbroom Images
Authors: Geng Xun , Xu Qing , Xing Shuai , Lan Chaozhen
Published: August 2019

Linear array cameras are widely used in the fields of aerial and space remote sensing. The ground‐to‐image transformation plays a significant role in the geometric processing procedures of linear pushbroom images, which is time‐consuming due to multiple iterative calculations. Moreover, the detectors of the linear array may exhibit a curved shape due to distortions, resulting in a more complex ground‐to‐image transformation. This paper presents a novel ground‐to‐image transformation algorithm for linear pushbroom images based on a rigorous sensor model. We regard the distance between the back‐projected image point and the curved shape linear array as the “generalized distance.” The idea of generalized distance prediction was developed to efficiently determine the best scan line corresponding to the ground point. The plane analytic geometry is employed to solve the practical problems of the ground‐to‐image transformation, including the iterative direction, convergence condition, and subpixel interpolation. The applications of the proposed method in orthorectification and image matching were investigated. The proposed method was comprehensively tested using airborne images, Earth observation satellite images, and planetary images. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method (1) delivers high accuracy (better than1 × 10−4pixels) and efficiency, (2) is better than the cutting‐edge method based on the geometric constraints of central perspective plane for the linear pushbroom images with distortions, and (3) provides promising applications for generating orthophotos and image matching. The proposed method is easy to implement and efficient, which can greatly enhance the geometric processing abilities for various types of linear pushbroom images.
Modeling the Scaling of Short‐Duration Precipitation Extremes With Temperature
Authors: Van de Vyver Hans , Van Schaeybroeck Bert , De Troch Rozemien , Hamdi Rafiq , Termonia Piet
Published: August 2019

The Clausius‐Clapeyron (CC) relation expresses the exponential increase in the moisture‐holding capacity of air of approximately 7%/°C. Earlier studies show that extreme hourly precipitation increases with daily mean temperature, consistent with the CC relation. Recent studies at specific locations found that for temperatures higher than around 12 °C, hourly precipitation extremes scale at rates higher than the CC scaling, a phenomenon that is often referred to as “super‐CC scaling.” These scalings are typically estimated by collecting rainfall data in temperature bins, followed by a linear fit or a visual inspection of the precipitation quantiles in each bin. In this study, a piecewise linear quantile regression model is presented for a more flexible, and robust estimation of the scaling parameters, and their associated uncertainties. Moreover, we use associated information criteria to prove statistically whether or not a pronounced super‐CC scaling exists. The techniques were tested on stochastically simulated data and, when applied to hourly station data across Western Europe and Scandinavia, revealed large uncertainties in the scaling rates. Finally, goodness‐of‐fit measures indicated that the dew point temperature is a better scaling predictor than temperature.
Organic Gases Released and Taken Up by Soil Lack Quantification
Authors: Tang Jing , Schurgers Guy , Rinnan Riikka
Published: August 2019

Soils both emit and take up different biogenic volatile organic compounds, altering the chemical composition of the atmosphere and influencing local, regional, and global climate.
Observing Internal Solitary Waves in the Lombok Strait by Coastal Acoustic Tomography
Authors: Syamsudin Fadli , Taniguchi Naokazu , Zhang Chuanzheng , Hanifa Aruni Dinan , Li Guangming , Chen Minmo , Mutsuda Hidemi , Zhu Ze‐Nan , Zhu Xiao‐Hua , Nagai Taira , Kaneko Arata
Published: August 2019

The subsurface structures of internal solitary waves were observed over two days from 27 to 29 February 2019, by two bottom‐moored coastal acoustic tomography systems over a path length of 18.286 km in the Lombok Strait, Indonesia. One‐way travel times along the transmission path between the acoustic stations were determined for the first three arrival peaks. The resulting three travel times were used to execute a four‐layer (0–50, 150–300, 300–450, and 400–603 m) temperature inversion, constructing an underdetermined problem. The inverted four‐layer temperatures show three positive peaks and two negative peaks during the observation period, implying the sequential passage of internal solitary waves with depressed and elevated interfaces. The generation of these temperature peaks is synchronized with the diurnal tides, and the peak heights decrease with depth. The inverted four‐layer temperatures are in excellent agreement with conductivity‐temperature‐depth data obtained near the acoustic stations.
Constraining the Source Regions of Pulsating Auroras
Authors: Grono Eric , Donovan Eric
Published: August 2019

Pulsating auroras have often been erroneously discussed as if they are a single phenomenon. For this reason, the relationship between different pulsating auroras is poorly understood. Grono and Donovan (2018, https://doi.org/10.5194/angeo-36-891-2018) subcategorized pulsating auroras into amorphous pulsating, patchy pulsating, and patchy auroras, which are separable based on their pulsation and structuring. By comparing the latitudes of these auroras to the location of the proton aurora, we have constrained their source regions for the first time. Pulsating aurora does not occur poleward of the proton aurora. Amorphous pulsating aurora occurs within and equatorward of the proton aurora, while patchy pulsating and patchy auroras predominantly occur equatorward of the optical b2i boundary. This indicates that the characteristic structuring of the patchy auroras is unable to form outside of the mostly dipolar inner magnetosphere, but the wave‐particle interactions that produce auroral pulsations are less constrained, extending into the transition region where the magnetic field begins to stretch.
Large‐Amplitude Quasi‐10‐Day Waves in the Middle Atmosphere During Final Warmings
Authors: Yamazaki Y. , Matthias V.
Published: August 2019

Geopotential height measurements from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder between 9‐ and 97‐km altitudes during 2004–2018 are used to examine long‐period (3–20 days) wave activity during the Northern Hemisphere winter and spring, with the primary focus on the response of normal mode Rossby waves in the middle atmosphere to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSWs). Unusually large westward propagating waves with Zonal Wave Number 1 and period ∼10 days are observed at 55° latitude at the stratopause height (∼48 km) and above following final warmings of 2016, 2015, and 2005. In each case, large‐amplitude waves are observed for the duration of two to three wave cycles. Characteristics of the waves are in conformity with the second antisymmetric Rossby normal mode of Zonal Wave Number 1, or the quasi‐10‐day wave. The growth rate of the waves is significantly greater than the classical normal mode in the upper stratosphere (approximately 30–50 km) where instability conditions are met, indicating the amplification or excitation of the waves in that region. The response of the quasi‐10‐day wave during midwinter SSWs, and also during the spring transition without an SSW, is not as obvious as the wave response during final warmings. The results suggest that not only the occurrence of SSW but also the seasonal timing of SSW is an important factor for the transient variability of the quasi‐10‐day wave in the middle atmosphere.
Comparison of Airborne Reactive Nitrogen Measurements During WINTER
Authors: Sparks Tamara L. , Ebben Carlena J. , Wooldridge Paul J. , Lopez‐Hilfiker Felipe D. , Lee Ben H. , Thornton Joel A. , McDuffie Erin E. , Fibiger Dorothy L. , Brown Steven S. , Montzka Denise D. , Weinheimer Andrew J. , Schroder Jason C. , Campuzano‐Jost Pedro , Jimenez Jose L. , Cohen Ronald C.
Published: August 2019

We present a comparison of instruments measuring nitrogen oxide species from an aircraft during the 2015 Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity (WINTER) campaign over the northeast United States. Instrument techniques compared here include chemiluminescence (CL), thermal dissociation laser‐induced fluorescence (TD‐LIF), cavity ring‐down spectroscopy (CRDS), high‐resolution time of flight, iodide‐adduct chemical ionization mass spectrometry (I‐CIMS), and aerosol mass spectrometry. Species investigated include NO2, NO, total nitrogen oxides (NOy), N2O5, ClNO2, and HNO3. Particulate‐phase nitrate is also included for comparisons of HNO3 and NOy. Instruments generally agreed within reported uncertainties, with individual flights sometimes showing much better agreement than the data set taken as a whole, due to flight‐to‐flight slope changes. NO measured by CRDS and CL showed an average relative slope of 1.16 ± 0.01 across all flights, which is outside of combined uncertainties. The source of the error was not identified. For NO2 measured by CRDS and TD‐LIF the average was 1.02 ± 0.00; for NOy measured by CRDS and CL the average was 1.01 ± 0.00; and for N2O5 measured by CRDS and I‐CIMS the average was 0.89 ± 0.01. NOy budget closure to within 20% is demonstrated. We observe nonlinearity in NO2 and NOy correlations at concentrations above ~30 ppbv that may be related to the NO discrepancy noted above. For ClNO2 there were significant differences between I‐CIMS and TD‐LIF, potentially due in part to the temperature used for thermal dissociation. Although the fraction of particulate nitrate measured by the TD‐LIF is not well characterized, it improves comparisons to include particulate measurements.
Bacterial succession along a sediment porewater gradient at Lake Neusiedl in Austria
Authors: von Hoyningen-Huene Avril Jean Elisabeth , Schneider Dominik , Fussmann Dario , Reimer Andreas , Arp Gernot , Daniel Rolf
Published: August 2019

We provide bacterial 16S rRNA community and hydrochemical data from water and sediments of Lake Neusiedl, Austria. The sediments were retrieved at 5 cm intervals from 30–40 cm push cores. The lake water community was recovered by filtration through a 3.0/0.2 µm filter sandwich. For 16S rRNA gene amplicon-based community profiling, DNA was extracted from the sediment and filters and the bacterial V3-V4 regions were amplified and sequenced using a MiSeq instrument (Illumina). The reads were quality-filtered and processed using open source bioinformatic tools, such as PEAR, cutadapt and VSEARCH. The taxonomy was assigned against the SILVA SSU NR 132 database. The bacterial community structure was visualised in relation to water and porewater chemistry data. The bacterial community in the water column is distinct from the sediment. The most abundant phyla in the sediment shift from Proteobacteria to Chloroflexota (formerly Chloroflexi). Ammonium and total alkalinity increase while sulphate concentrations in the porewater decrease. The provided data are of interest for studies targeting biogeochemical cycling in lake sediments.
Description of a new species of beaked whale (Berardius) found in the North Pacific
Authors: Yamada Tadasu K. , Kitamura Shino , Abe Syuiti , Tajima Yuko , Matsuda Ayaka , Mead James G. , Matsuishi Takashi F.
Published: August 2019

Two types ofBerardiusare recognised by local whalers in Hokkaido, Japan. The first is the ordinary Baird’s beaked whale,B.bairdii, whereas the other is much smaller and entirely black. Previous molecular phylogenetic analyses revealed that the black type is one recognisable taxonomic unit within theBerardiusclade but is distinct from the two knownBerardiusspecies. To determine the characteristics of the black type, we summarised external morphology and skull osteometric data obtained from four individuals, which included three individuals from Hokkaido and one additional individual from the United States National Museum of Natural History collection. The whales differed from all of their congeners by having the following unique characters: a substantially smaller body size of physically mature individuals, proportionately shorter beak, and darker body colour. Thus, we conclude that the whales are a thirdBerardiusspecies.
Author Correction: Forecasting cell fate during antibiotic exposure using stochastic gene expression
Authors: Rossi Nicholas A. , El Meouche Imane , Dunlop Mary J.
Published: August 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Dual amplification ratiometric biosensor based on a DNA tetrahedron nanostructure and hybridization chain reaction for the ultrasensitive detection of microRNA-133a
Authors: Zhu Liping , Ye Jing , Wang Shuang , Yan Mengxia , Zhu Qiuju , Huang Jianshe , Yang Xiurong
Published: August 2019

A novel ratiometric electrochemiluminescence–electrochemical hybrid biosensor with high accuracy and reproducibility was fabricated for the ultrasensitive detection of miRNA-133a.
Experimental insight into the evolutionary mechanism of solid-to-hollow hydrogel
Authors: Chen Qing , Tan Huiyan , Tu Yaqing , Zhang Lidong
Published: August 2019

The evolutionary mechanism of solid-to-hollow sodium alginate hydrogel is reported, which provides a promising concept or method basis for the preparation of hollow hydrogels with sophisticated geometries.
Host–guest interaction enabled chiroptical photo-switching and enhanced circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Ji Lukang , He Qianwen , Niu Dian , Tan Jiajing , Ouyang Guanghui , Liu Minghua
Published: August 2019

A supra-gelator from γ-CyD and a cyanostilbene gelator showed enhanced circularly polarized luminescence and enabled a reversible chiroptical as well as morphological photo-switching.
Peculiarities of the crystallization process and growth of pure nonstoichiometric ZnMoO4 single crystals and those doped with WO3
Authors: Vasilyeva Inga G. , Nikolaev Ruslan E. , Nasonov Sergei G. , Kurchev Alexandr V. , Shlegel Vladimir N.
Published: August 2019

The growth mechanisms of ZMO crystals, involving chemical synthesis, homogenization and crystallization processes, were studied.
Benchmarking dual-level MS-Tor and DLPNO-CCSD(T) methods for H-abstraction from methyl pentanoate by an OH radical
Authors: Shang Yanlei , Ning Hongbo , Shi Jinchun , Wang Hongyan , Luo Sheng-Nian
Published: August 2019

Methyl pentanoate (MP) was recently proposed as a potential biodiesel surrogate due to its negative temperature coefficient region.
Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a smart sensing material
Authors: Liu Xigui , Huang Danlian , Lai Cui , Zeng Guangming , Qin Lei , Wang Han , Yi Huan , Li Bisheng , Liu Shiyu , Zhang Mingming , Deng Rui , Fu Yukui , Li Ling , Xue Wenjing , Chen Sha
Published: August 2019

Recent advances in covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a smart sensing material are summarized and highlighted.
Visualization of regulated nucleation and growth of lithium sulfides for high energy lithium sulfur batteries
Authors: Xu Zheng-Long , Kim Sung Joo , Chang Donghee , Park Kyu-Young , Dae Kyun Seong , Dao Khoi Phuong , Yuk Jong Min , Kang Kisuk
Published: August 2019

The nucleation and growth of lithium sulfides are directly observed by liquid in situ transmission electron microscopy.
A versatile, cost-effective, and flexible wearable biosensor for in situ and ex situ sweat analysis, and personalized nutrition assessment
Authors: Zhang Zhong , Azizi Morteza , Lee Michelle , Davidowsky Philip , Lawrence Peter , Abbaspourrad Alireza
Published: August 2019

Point-of-care (POC) diagnostics have shown excellent potential in rapid biological analysis and health/disease monitoring.
Enantioselective deprotometalation of N,N-dialkyl ferrocenecarboxamides using metal amides
Authors: Hedidi Madani , Dayaker Gandrath , Kitazawa Yu , Yoshii Tatsuya , Kimura Mutsumi , Erb William , Bentabed-Ababsa Ghenia , Chevallier Floris , Uchiyama Masanobu , Gros Philippe C. , Mongin Florence
Published: August 2019

Our attempts to deprotometalate N,N-dialkyl ferrocenecarboxamides enantioselectively by using chiral lithium or lithium–zinc dialkylamides are reported.
Shape-controlled synthesis and in situ characterisation of anisotropic Au nanomaterials using liquid cell transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Wang Shih-Ting , Lin Yiyang , Nielsen Michael H. , Song Cheng Yu , Thomas Michael R. , Spicer Christopher D. , Kröger Roland , Ercius Peter , Aloni Shaul , Stevens Molly M.
Published: August 2019

Understanding the mechanisms behind crystal nucleation and growth is a fundamental requirement for the design and production of bespoke nanomaterials with controlled sizes and morphologies.
Efficient inverted perovskite solar cells with truxene-bridged PDI trimers as electron transporting materials
Authors: Wang Rui , Jiang Kui , Yu Han , Wu Fei , Zhu Linna , Yan He
Published: August 2019

High efficiencies of 17.45% and 19.83% are obtained in inverted PSCs using Tr-PDI3 as the electron transporting material and interfacial material, respectively.
Multistage kinetic analysis of DMAA/MBAM polymer removal from gelcast ceramic parts using a multi-stage parallel reaction model and model-free method
Authors: Li Jing , Huang Jindi , Yin Ruiming
Published: August 2019

This work aims to develop an effective method to investigate the multistage debinding kinetics and the reaction mechanisms of removing DMAA/MBAM polymer from gelcast ceramic parts.
Pyrazolo-fused 4-azafluorenones as key reagents for the synthesis of fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives
Authors: Orrego-Hernández Jessica , Lizarazo Carolina , Cobo Justo , Portilla Jaime
Published: August 2019

A green method for the three-component synthesis of an indeno[1,2-b]pyrazolo[4,3-e]pyridines library under microwave irradiation and their use in the preparation of novel fluorescent dicyanovinylidene-substituted derivatives is provided.
Activating peroxymonosulfate by halogenated and methylated quinones: performance and mechanism
Authors: Zhang Hong , Qiao Lina , He Jing , Li Na , Zhang Dongmei , Yu Kai , You Hong , Jiang Jie
Published: August 2019

This work describes the efficiency and mechanism of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation by benzoquinone with different functional groups for sulfamethoxazole degradation.
Photoluminescence and afterglow behavior of Ce3+ activated Li2Sr0.9Mg0.1SiO4 phosphor
Authors: Xiao Yingjun , Zhang Dongyun , Chang Chengkang
Published: August 2019

A blue emitting phosphor Li2Sr0.9Mg0.1SiO4:Ce3+, with long persistence, was synthesized via a high-temperature solid phase method.
Induction of cryptic metabolites of the endophytic fungusTrichocladiumsp. through OSMAC and co-cultivation
Authors: Tran-Cong Nam Michael , Mándi Attila , Kurtán Tibor , Müller Werner E. G. , Kalscheuer Rainer , Lin Wenhan , Liu Zhen , Proksch Peter
Published: August 2019

The endophytic fungusTrichocladiumsp. isolated from roots ofHouttuynia cordatayielded fifteen compounds including five new ones through OSMAC and co-cultivation approaches.
EBV encoded miRNA BART8-3p promotes radioresistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma by regulating ATM/ATR signaling pathway
Authors: Zhou Xiaohan , Zheng Jialing , Tang Ying , lin Yanling , Wang Lingzhi , Li Ye , Liu Chengdong , Wu Dehua , Cai Longmei
Published: August 2019

Resistance to radiotherapy is one of the main causes of treatment failure in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is an important factor in the pathogenesis of NPC, and EBV-encoded microRNAs (miRNAs) promote NPC progression. However, the role of EBV-encoded miRNAs in the radiosensitivity of NPC remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of EBV-miR-BART8-3p on radiotherapy resistance in NPC cells in vitro and in vivo, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. Inhibitors of ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)/ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) (KU60019 and AZD6738, respectively) were used to examine radiotherapy resistance. We proved that EBV-miR-BART8-3p promoted NPC cell proliferation in response to irradiation in vitro and associated with the induction of cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase, which was a positive factor for the DNA repair after radiation treatment. Besides, EBV-miR-BART8-3p could increase the size of xenograft tumors significantly in nude mice. Treatment with KU60019 or AZD6738 increased the radiosensitivity of NPC by suppressing the expression of p-ATM and p-ATR. The present results indicate that EBV-miR-BART8-3p promotes radioresistance in NPC by modulating the activity of ATM/ATR signaling pathway.
Blood glucose concentration control for type 1 diabetic patients: a multiple‐model strategy
Authors: Batmani Yazdan , Khodakaramzadeh Shadi
Published: August 2019

In this study, a multiple‐model strategy is evaluated as an alternative closed‐loop method for subcutaneous insulin delivery in type 1 diabetes. Non‐linearities of the glucose–insulin regulatory system are considered by modelling the system around five different operating points. After conducting some identification experiments in the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator (accepted simulator by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)), five transfer functions are obtained for these operating points. Paying attention to some physiological facts, the control objectives such as the required settling time and permissible bounds of overshoots and undershoots are determined for any transfer functions. Then, five PID controllers are tuned to achieve these objectives and a bank of controllers is constructed. To cope with difficulties of the presence of delays in subcutaneous blood glucose (BG) measuring and in administration of insulin, a glucose‐dependent setpoint is considered as the desired trajectory for the BG concentration. The performance of the obtained closed‐loop glucose–insulin regulatory system is investigated on the in silico adult cohort of the UVA/Padova metabolic simulator. The obtained results show that the proposed multiple‐model strategy leads to a closed‐loop mechanism with limited hyperglycemia and no severe hypoglycemia.
One‐step hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite KA from kaolin
Authors: Wang Peng , Sun Qi , Zhang Yujiao , Cao Jun
Published: August 2019

This work reports an experimental investigation on the synthesis of zeolite KA by one‐step hydrothermal method using kaolin as the main SiO2 and Al2O3 sources. The phase, structure, microscopic morphology, microstructure, specific surface area, and thermal stability of the produced zeolite KA were characterised in detail. The zeolite KA was successfully synthesised and the characterisation of the obtained material was carried out considering different techniques, including X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and thermogravimetric differential thermal analyser (TG‐DSC). TEM analysis indicated the formation of body‐centred cubic crystal zeolite KA and the polycrystallinity of the zeolite KA structure. The BET study confirmed that a total surface area of 13.2771 m2 g−1, micropore surface area of 1.3598 m2 g−1 and micropore volume of 0.000556 cm3 g−1 are obtained. In addition, the thermal stability of the zeolite KA was further studied by TG‐DSC.
Le projet ANR SOLCYP+ pour améliorer le dimensionnement des monopieux utilisés comme fondations d’éoliennes marines
Authors: Dupla Jean-Claude , Palix Elisabeth , Damblans Guillaume , Puech Alain , Blanc Mathieu , Dano Christophe , Mroueh Hussein , Kham Marc , Perikleous Yiorgos , Marin Yves , Burlon Sebastien
Published: August 2019

La plupart des éoliennes offshore sont fondées sur monopieux. L’augmentation constante de la capacité des turbines et l’insuffisance des procédures évoquées dans les documents normatifs, notamment en ce qui concerne la prise en compte des chargements cycliques, posent des défis pour leur dimensionnement. Dans le cas des sites français, la présence de sols et roches carbonatés, dont le comportement est encore mal connu aujourd’hui, rend la tâche encore plus complexe. Le projet SOLCYP+, lancé en 2017 pour une durée de 3 ans, doit permettre de disposer de nouvelles méthodologies fiables et robustes pour le dimensionnement des monopieux de grand diamètre y compris dans le contexte géotechnique du plateau continental français. Cet article présente une description détaillée du projet ANR SOLCYP+. On aborde, tout d’abord, le contexte, la problématique et les objectifs du projet puis, dans un second temps, on décrit plus en détail les quatre principales tâches scientifiques.
Existence of strong solutions to a fluid-structure system with a structure given by a finite number of parameters
Authors: Delay Guillaume
Published: August 2019

We study the existence of strong solutions to a 2d fluid-structure system. The fluid is modelled by the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations. The structure represents a steering gear and is described by two parameters corresponding to angles of deformation. Its equations are derived from a virtual work principle. The global domain represents a wind tunnel and imposes mixed boundary conditions to the fluid velocity. Our method reposes on the analysis of the linearized system. Under a compatibility condition on the initial data, we can guarantee local existence in time of strong solutions to the fluid-structure problem.
A new methodology to create valid time-dependent correlation matrices via isospectral flows
Authors: Teng Long , Wu Xueran , Günther Michael , Ehrhardt Matthias
Published: August 2019

In many areas of finance and of risk management it is interesting to know how to specify time-dependent correlation matrices. In this work we propose a new methodology to create valid time-dependent instantaneous correlation matrices, which we called correlation flows. In our methodology one needs only an initial correlation matrix to create these correlation flows based on isospectral flows. The tendency of the time-dependent matrices can be controlled by requirements. An application example is presented to illustrate our methodology.
Influence of thermal conductivity of ceramic materials on heating rate/coking time and coke quality in cokemaking
Authors: Tiwari Hari Prakash , Kumar Aman , Tiwary Vijay Kumar , Dash Pratik Swarup , Pal Atanu Ranjan
Published: August 2019

The Iron and Steel Industry has undergone a radical change, and processes have been developed continually for the faster rate of production. The thermal characteristic of reaction depends on the thermal conductivity of coal charge by progressively developing the zone of coke. In general, higher the oven temperature, the more rapid is the initial rate of heating, plastic temperature range, plasticity and volatile evolution characteristics of the coal. The higher thermal conductivity of bricks will increase heat transfer rate and consequently, the output of the oven will increase the throughput. The heating rate is also associated with the pattern of heat supply during carbonization which influences the strength and fissuring of the coke. Results show that replacement of LC-65 castable with higher thermal conductivity castable SiC-30% reduces the coking time by 50% whereas LC-85 reduces the coking time by 20% even at same coke end temperature and coke CSR. The requirement of free space temperature of the laboratories oven is different for using different thermal conductivity of the ceramic castable to maintain same heating rate and coke end temperature during coking. Results confirmed that increasing the thermal conductivity of ceramic castable decrease in the free space temperature to maintaining the constant heating rate (∼4 °C/min) and coke end temperature (∼925 °C). The results also depict that the use of SiC-30 and LC-85 castable, the input temperature should be reduced by ∼200 °C and ∼100 °C to maintain the same heating rate and coke end temperature as compared to LC-65 castable. The study will also beneficial for reducing the Noxs.
The Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Indolactam Alkaloids
Authors: Mendoza Manuel , Eom Ryan , Salas Celeste , Haynes-Smith Jeremy , Billingsley Kelvin L.
Published: August 2019

In this work, we execute a general synthetic strategy to access novel indolactam alkaloids, which are agonists of protein kinase C. This protocol allowed for the most efficient reported syntheses of indolactam V (ILV) stereoisomers, while also affording the large-scale production of natural product (–)-ILV. Structure–activity studies were conducted with these compounds to elucidate the elements necessary to promote PKC-mediated cellular response. EC50 measurements in leukemia and lymphoma cell lines, as well as molecular docking analyses with the PKCδ C1B domain, provided the foundation for these studies. A distinct correlation between in vitro activity and the conformation of the macrocyclic lactam ring was discovered, which can guide design efforts for therapeutics that target the PKC regulatory domain.
Otoplasty and Auricular Reconstruction
Authors: Siegert Ralf , Magritz Ralph
Published: August 2019

Due to the variety of abnormalities, surgery of the auricle is one of the most complex challenges in facial plastic surgery. They reach from mild protruding ears or isolated abnormalities of the supporting structures, mainly the helical rim and antihelix, over cup ear deformities and miniears all the way to severe microtia and anotia. In this article, the authors present a short overview of auricular abnormalities and malformations and their treatment options based on their experiences gained over three decades of special service for patients with auricular malformations.
A Cadaveric Evaluation of Pin and Tension Band Configuration Strength for Tibial Tuberosity Osteotomy Fixation
Authors: Zide Amy N. , Jones Stephen C. , Litsky Alan S. , Kieves Nina R.
Published: August 2019

Objective The purpose of this study was to compare the load at failure and mode of failure of four constructs used to stabilize a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, including two vertically aligned pins (V), two horizontally aligned pins (H), two vertically aligned pins with a tension band wire (V-TB) and two horizontally aligned pins with a tension band wire (H-TB).

Study Design Eighteen pairs of cadaveric tibiae were randomized to receive a TB or no TB. One limb was randomized to be in the H or V group. The contralateral limb was then assigned to the opposite configuration. One pair of limbs was used as a control. A tensile force was applied to the patellar ligament until construct failure.

Results There was no significant difference between the mean load at failure of the H (595 N) and V (556 N) groups or between H-TB (1032 N) and V-TB groups (1034 N) (p = 0.487 and p = 0.238, respectively). The TB constructs were significantly stronger than the pin only constructs (p < 0.001). The mode of failure was similar for the pin only constructs, regardless of pin orientation. The TB constructs and control tibias failed at similar loads, most commonly by patellar ligament rupture.

Conclusion The use of vertically aligned pins versus horizontally aligned pins does not affect construct strength. These results support the placement of pins in a vertically or horizontally aligned fashion. When performing a tibial tuberosity osteotomy, the addition of a TB adds significant strength to the construct.
The Development of Facial Lipofilling from a Historical Point of View
Authors: van Dongen Joris A. , van Boxtel Joeri , Harmsen Martin C. , Stevens Hieronymus P.
Published: August 2019

Lipofilling, the transplantation of adipose tissue, has already been used since the end of the 19th century. For decades, lipofilling was used to restore loss of volume due to aging, trauma, or congenital defects. Later on, the indications for the use of lipofilling expanded by treating aged skin, scars, and improving wound healing. The expansion was caused by the discovery of adipose derived stromal cells (ASCs) in adipose tissue and the development of very fine harvesting and injection cannulas which made it possible to inject small adipose tissue particles in small volume areas, such as the face. ASCs are multipotent stromal cells which reside in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue and are able to differentiate in multiple cell lineages and secrete a plurality of growth factors with regenerative potentials. The discovery of ASCs led toward more experimental cell-based therapies, that is, ASCs or SVF isolated by means of enzymatic isolation procedures. Later on, enzymatic isolation procedures were forbidden in many countries by legislation and were replaced by mechanical isolation procedures, such as the Nanofat and Fractionation of Adipose Tissue (FAT) procedures. The Nanofat procedure has been extensively investigated, especially as treatment for skin rejuvenation in the face. Though, substantial evidence is lacking for using facial lipofilling or any therapeutic component, that is, ASCs or SVF for skin rejuvenation to date. In contrast, facial lipofilling to restore loss of volume seems to be promising.
Effects of Edoxaban on the Cellular and Protein Phase of Coagulation in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease on Dual Antiplatelet Therapy with Aspirin and Clopidogrel: Results of the EDOX-APT Study
Authors: Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Garcia Emilio , Rivas Rios Jose , Rivas Andrea , Agarwal Malhar , Kureti Megha , Nagaraju Deepa , Wali Mustafa , Briceno Maryuri , Moon Jae Youn , Kairouz Victor , Yaranov Dmitry , Been Latonya , Suryadevara Siva , Soffer Daniel , Zenni Martin M. , Bass Theodore A. , Angiolillo Dominick J.
Published: August 2019

In patients requiring dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) who also have an indication to be treated with oral anticoagulant (OAC) drugs, aspirin withdrawal reduces the risk of bleeding. There is limited data on the pharmacodynamic effects associated with adding a nonvitamin K antagonist OAC on a background of aspirin and a P2Y12 inhibitor as well as dropping aspirin. Seventy-five patients on DAPT (aspirin plus clopidogrel) were randomized to DAPT plus high-dose edoxaban (60 mg once daily, Group A), DAPT plus low-dose edoxaban (30 mg once daily, Group B), or DAPT only (Group C) for 10 ± 2 days (Phase I). Afterwards, Groups A and B interrupted aspirin and maintained clopidogrel plus edoxaban for 10 ± 2 days, while patients in Group C maintained DAPT (Phase II). Platelet aggregation and clot kinetics were assessed at baseline, end of Phase I, and end of Phase II using thrombelastography (TEG), light transmittance aggregometry (LTA), VerifyNow P2Y12, and serum thromboxane-B2. The primary endpoint was the comparison of maximum amplitude (MA) measured by TEG, a measure of clot strength, between patients on DAPT plus high-dose edoxaban and patients on DAPT only. Edoxaban prolonged in a dose-dependent manner speed of thrombin generation (TEG R; Group A: 7.7 [6.8–8.7] vs. Group B: 7.4 [6.4–8.5] vs. Group C: 6.3 [5.7–7.0]; p = 0.05) but did not affect other markers of clot kinetics, including TEG MA (Group A: 63 [61–64] vs. Group B: 65 [63–67] vs. Group C: 64 [63–65]; p = 0.10). After aspirin discontinuation, platelet reactivity assessed by LTA using thrombin receptor activating peptide as agonist increased to a greater extent with low-dose edoxaban. Stopping aspirin did not affect markers of P2Y12 reactivity and had no or marginal effects on clot kinetics, but increased markers sensitive to cyclooxygenase-1 blockade.
Superlattices with entangled modes and the Hopf bundle
Authors: Anzaldo-Meneses A.
Published: August 2019

Superlattices with coupled modes are considered to analyze entangled multipartite quantum systems. The conservation of the probability current density leads to a natural connection with Hopf fibrations, allowing the application of methods of algebraic topology to the study of electron transport. A superlattice, with n channels and d terminals, each with incoming and outgoing wave contributions, will be seen as n coupled d level quantum systems after their interaction inside a potential region. As usual, the scattering matrix connects the incoming amplitudes on the terminals with the outgoing amplitudes and probability current conservation leads to unitarity of the S-matrix and this to hyperspheres. To compute the scattering amplitudes for two colinear leads, sectionally constant potentials in the longitudinal direction and arbitrary lateral dependency are studied, which allow the analytic calculation of the amplitudes. The amplitudes are given in terms of symmetric functions of the eigenvalues by applying the Sylvester theorem for matrix functions including degenerated eigenvalues. For symplectic transfer matrices, the associated Schur functions are expressed in terms of Chebyshev polynomials in several variables, using a method developed recently, probing to be a transparent analytical and fast numerical tool. The amplitudes can then be computed for explicit superlattices, with up to two coupled modes and displayed on the associated Bloch spheres and Clifford tori, showing curves parameterized by energy and the scattering potentials. For three and four coupled modes, all necessary analytic calculations will also be reported to make possible to perform the corresponding numerical explicit evaluations in the near future.
High dynamic range capture and sensor calibration to improve microscale halftone ink and paper surface quantification
Authors: Vallat-Evrard Louis , Chagas Lionel , Passas Raphaël , Reverdy-Bruas Nadège
Published: August 2019

Microscale measurements of halftone dots allow us to investigate the ink transmittance as a function of the position on the halftone dots and to characterize the edges of the halftone dots. In this work, an optical microscope mounted with a commercial camera and a High Dynamic Range (HDR) capture method were combined to measure accurately the printed dots at the microscale. Each stage of the method development has been quantified and compared to simple imaging. On the equipment, the parameters of acquisition have been optimized: size of the observed area under the microscope, exposure time, and fusion of different images resulting from the HDR method. The development of this method allowed comparing three types of printing: offset, inkjet, and electrophotography. The interest of microscopic analysis is to retrieve information that is not accessible at the macroscopic level: descriptors of the ink dot shape and a more precise model of the light diffusion in paper. Furthermore, variables classically measured at the macroscopic level can be assessed: optical densities and colorimetric values. Compared to the single method, the HDR method makes it possible to measure accurately the print characteristics. The coefficient of variation is reduced from 30% to 5%. The perspective of this work is to provide additional information for authenticating printed documents.
Link prediction in recommender systems with confidence measures
Authors: Su Zhan , Zheng Xiliang , Ai Jun , Shang Lihui , Shen Yuming
Published: August 2019

The link prediction aims at predicting missing or future links in networks, which provides theoretical significance and extensive applications in the related field. However, the degree of confidence in the prediction results has not been fully discussed in related works. In this article, we propose a similarity confidence coefficient and a confidence measure for link prediction. The former is used to balance the reliability of similarity calculation results, which might be untrustworthy due to the information asymmetry in the calculation, and also makes it easier to achieve the optimal accuracy with a smaller number of neighbors. The latter is used to quantify our confidence in the prediction results of each prediction. The experimental results based on the Movie-Lens data set show that prediction accuracy is improved when the similarity between the nodes is corrected by the similarity confidence coefficient. Second, the experiments also confirm that the confidence degree of the link prediction results can be measured quantitatively. Our research indicates that the confidence level on each prediction is determined by the amount of data used in the corresponding calculation, which can be measured quantitatively.
On the fluctuation-dissipation relation in non-equilibrium and non-Hamiltonian systems
Authors: Sarracino A. , Vulpiani A.
Published: August 2019

We review generalized fluctuation-dissipation relations, which are valid under general conditions even in “nonstandard systems,” e.g., out of equilibrium and/or without a Hamiltonian structure. The response functions can be expressed in terms of suitable correlation functions computed in the unperturbed dynamics. In these relations, typically, one has nontrivial contributions due to the form of the stationary probability distribution; such terms take into account the interaction among the relevant degrees of freedom in the system. We illustrate the general formalism with some examples in nonstandard cases, including driven granular media, systems with a multiscale structure, active matter, and systems showing anomalous diffusion.
Parameter identification for fractional fractal diffusion model based on experimental data
Authors: Yang Xiu , Jiang Xiaoyun , Kang Jianhong
Published: August 2019

This paper studies the techniques of parameter estimation and their application in determining parameters of the fractional fractal diffusion model. On account of the basic structural characteristics of the porous coal matrix, the fractional fractal diffusion model is established to express the gas transport mechanism in the heterogeneous coal matrix. A L1 finite difference method in the temporal direction while spectral collocation method in the spatial direction is proposed to solve the model numerically. Then, by means of the gas adsorption and desorption experiments in coal samples, attempts have been made by the BFGS method, nonlinear conjugate gradient method, and Bayesian method to compare and contrast to obtain the physical parameters of the model. Furthermore, advantages and limitations of different estimation methods are discussed.
Planar metalenses in the mid-infrared
Authors: Wang Ang , Chen Zhemin , Dan Yaping
Published: August 2019

Traditional spherical lenses are bulky and often the limiting factor for the miniaturization of modern smart devices. Metalenses can break the limitations of traditional spherical lenses, allowing for the development of ultra-thin planar lenses. Here, we experimentally demonstrated metalenses in the mid-infrared spectral range by patterning a germanium wafer using standard nanofabrication processes. Three 6 mm × 6 mm planar lenses operating at 3μm, 5μm and 8μm were fabricated and characterized. The results show that the focusing efficiency of the metalenses reaches 80% and the numerical aperture is as high as ∼ 0.8, close to the designed theoretical value. The metalenses are also used to image a lighter fire with a quality comparable to traditional spherical lenses.
Current and potential future distributions of Hass avocados in the face of climate change across the Americas
Authors: Ramírez-Gil Joaquín Guillermo , Cobos Marlon E. , Jiménez-García Daniel , Morales-Osorio Juan Gonzalo , Peterson A. Townsend
Published: August 2019

Climate change is a global phenomenon that presents diverse threats to global food security. Of the avocados (Persea americana Mill), Hass is the most commonly cultivated variety in the world, representing an important source of nutrition in numerous countries, yet its potential risks in the face of climate change are unknown. Here, we characterise current and future potential distributional areas for Hass avocado under different scenarios of climate change across the Americas. We use ecological-niche modelling approaches to explore implications of changes in climate, considering 22 general circulation models, two emissions scenarios, and six model parameterisations. The current potential distribution of Hass avocado extends across tropical America (excluding most of Amazonia), including some areas at higher latitudes. Future projections show stability in potential distribution. Range expansions are expected mainly in temperate areas, and range contractions are related to temperature and precipitation increases, mostly in Amazonia. Model parametrisations contributed the most to overall variation in future projections, followed by climate models, and then emissions scenarios. Our conclusion of relative stability for the crop’s potential distribution is still subject to effects on other components of avocado production systems, and may be vulnerable to extreme phenomena.
Distortion-free inside-out imaging for rapid diagnostics of rechargeable Li-ion cells
Authors: Romanenko Konstantin , Jerschow Alexej
Published: August 2019

Significance

Rechargeable batteries can pose severe risks due to their flammable components in combination with high energy density. These challenges motivate the development of advanced battery screening techniques capable of rapid battery assessment. MRI, a broadly accepted method in the healthcare industry, has been adapted for materials chemistry and energy storage research. A quantitative MRI approach based on 3D phase encoding bypasses the hurdles associated with strongly magnetic components that are common in modern batteries (e.g., iPhone models). The reported technology is virtually distortion-free and shows a high sensitivity to mechanical defects and the chemical state of the electrodes. This approach may enable industrial quality control applications with a high temporal resolution and may aid in battery development and monitoring.
The role of ritual in sacred journeys.
Authors: Dowson R.
Published: August 2019

This chapter offers a comprehensive understanding of the ritual in religious or spiritual activities, applying the concept to the context of sacred journeys. The chapter also considers pilgrimages to be a 'typical' form of journey undertaken for religious or spiritual purposes. This chapter also discusses the definition of what is 'sacred', developing new nuances of meaning, acknowledging the depth of experience and engagement with the transcendent in acts and activities that traditionally bear no resemblance or connection to religion or the practice of faith.