bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional role of the anterior olfactory nucleus in sensory information processing
Authors: Medinaceli Quintela Renata , Brunert Daniela , Rothermel Markus
Published: July 2022

Olfaction, despite being evolutionarily one of the oldest senses, is complex in structure and function. It can distinguish between trillions of odorants, provides orientation, mediates social interactions, and serves as a warning system. Sensory signals from the periphery are first processed in the olfactory bulb (OB) and then distributed to several olfactory cortical structures. Unlike other sensory modalities, this primary sensory information is not relayed via the thalamus. One prominent olfactory cortical region is the anterior olfactory nucleus (AON), a two-layered structure located within the olfactory peduncle. The AON exerts strong reciprocal connections not only to the OB but also to higher brain areas, e.g., the piriform cortex (PCx), thereby serving as a hub for bottom-up and top-down information processing. However, the functional role of the AON is not well-understood. Here, we provide an overview of recent publications investigating the function of AON in olfactory processing and behavior and present a framework for future research on this fascinating archicortical structure.
A comparative study of the elasto-plastic properties for ceramic nanocomposites filled by graphene or graphene oxide nanoplates
Authors: Ma Lian-Hua , Zhang Kun , Pan Xiao-Dong , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2022

As nanoscale reinforcements, the graphene and graphene oxide nanoplates exhibit distinct mechanical and physical properties. The determination of the effective elasto-plastic behavior of nanoplate/ceramic nanocomposites and the different filling effects of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplate deserve systematic investigation. In this work, we intend to uncover how the graphene and graphene oxide nanoplates affect the macroscopic elasto-plastic characteristics of ceramic matrix nanocomposites and what differences in both nanoplates enhancements. A homogenization model is first utilized for determining the effective elastic parameters of nanoplate/ceramic composite with a perfect interface. Then the slightly weakened interface model is introduced to characterize the sliding effects of nanoplates in a ceramic matrix, and the effective elastic parameters of such nanoplates filled composites incorporating the interfacial sliding effects are explicitly formulated. Furthermore, a nonlinear micromechanics model is developed to investigate the macroscopic elastoplasticity and the yield behavior of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplate-filled ceramic nanocomposites subjected to confining pressure. The filling effects of the two kinds of nanoplates on the mechanical properties of such nanocomposite are comparatively examined. The calculated results demonstrate that types of the nanoplates and the imperfect interfaces between nanoplates and ceramic matrix have significant influences on the effective elasto-plastic behaviors of the nanoplate composites.
Calculation of discrete correlation functionin facet systems of techical vision
Authors:   Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute, Borovytsky V. N. , Antonenko V. A.
Published: July 2022

The paper proposes a facet vision system composed from identical facet elements. Each facet element contains an optical system, several photodetectors, a preamplifier, and a universal microcontroller. In such a system, all facet elements operate independently of each other. Each facet element performs fast measurements of the angular velocity of objects in its field of view by calculating the discrete correlation functions of the signals from the photodetectors. The paper considers the possibility of using economical microcontrollers in facet elements for fast calculation of the discrete correlation functions. The authors perform a comparative analysis of the techniques based on the direct calculation and the calculation with fast Fourier transform. The investigation of the corresponding program code for microcontrollers in assembly language is done with calculations of the number of machine instructions and their execution time. The study confirms that economical universal microcontrollers are able to perform fast measurements by finding the maximum values of discrete correlation functions. In the case of receiving signals from 4 photodetectors, the calculation time is less than 10 milliseconds for input data arrays of 384 elements and less than 1.2 milliseconds for input data arrays of 128 elements. These results make the proposed facet vision systems applicable in navigation, orientation, and collision avoidance with moving and stationary objects in automatic vehicles, including unmanned aerial vehicles.
Methods of controlling electrochemical energy storages: classification and application features
Authors:   Institute of Transport Systems and Technologies of NAS of Ukraine, Plaksin S. V. , Zhytnyk M. Ya. , Levchenko R. Yu. , Ostapovska S. Yа.
Published: July 2022

Energy storages are the most important integral elements of both autonomous energy system based on renewable energy sources and vehicles of various purposes, where they are the main power source. Therefore, the issue of controlling their operation modes is an important one, and choosing the control methods is a relevant problem. The main operation modes of energy storages which require controlling are the work mode when the stored energy is consumed and the charging mode when the used energy is replenished. The example of on-vehicle energy storage is used to analyze basic operation modes and their particular aspects. Dynamic modes with unpredictable energy consumption caused by uncontrollable undercharging and overcharging are typical. The analysis allowed drawing the conclusion that, when controlling operation modes, it is necessary to consider the energy modes of accumulators, which reflect its efficiency most fully and objectively. The analysis of existing control methods showed that their common disadvantage is that they use such parameters as voltage and operating current to control and manage the storage modes. The fact is that due to the transient nature of electrochemical processes during the operation of the storage in dynamic modes, the values of these parameters do not correspond to the current energy state of the storage. This study aims to increase the performance of electrochemical energy storages by efficiently choosing a method for controlling their operation modes. The authors prove and experimentally confirm that when working with electrochemical energy storage devices in dynamic modes, it is necessary to choose the methods based on the application of the active material utilization ratio, information equivalent of which is the value of the area under the depolarization curve on the storage’s response signal to the charging impulse. The use of the proposed mode allows combining the functions of controlling and managing the storage.
Particular aspects of determining reliability indicators of thermoelectric generator modules using experimental data
Authors:   Institute of thermoelectricity of NAS and MES of Ukraine,  Yuriy Fedkovych Chernivtsi National University, Gorskyi P. V.
Published: July 2022

Resource tests allowed finding that the relative degradation of output power and efficiency of thermoelectric generator modules is not subject to linear law. This means that the distribution law for the failure time of such modules does not «copy» the distribution of their initial parameters, i.e. is neither normal nor logarithmically normal. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to find or select from among the existing such a failure time distribution law, which would clearly take into account the scattering of the rates of relative degradation of the parameters of thermoelectric generator modules. The paper substantiates the need to use diffusion-nonmonotonic failure time distribution for processing the results of resource tests of thermoelectric generator modules in order to determine their standardized reliability indicators and relative errors of the obtained values. It is proposed to determine the point estimates of the parameters of the law, namely the average failure time and the parameter of variation of the rate of degradation processes not by formulas obtained by the method of maximum likelihood, but by smoothing the probability of failure-free operation obtained by tests. The least squares method and Newton's method are used. Estimates obtained by the method of maximum likelihood serve as an initial approximation for Newton's method. This allows achieving significantly less error in determining standardized reliability indicators than when using the method of maximum likelihood.
An introduction to a machine translation post-editing (MTPE) course
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Romaniuk-Cholewska Dominika
Published: July 2022

This article introduces a machine translation post-editing (MTPE) course intended for universities educating translation trainees. The aim of the course is to accelerate the adaptation of translation education to the current requirements of the European Master’s in Translation (EMT) Competence Framework 2017 and the needs of translation students. The course is firmly grounded in existing research on MTPE and studies of translation didactics. The author assumes that MTPE as a process should include most of the contemporary translation tools such as CAT computer-assisted tools, TM terminology management, ML machine learning, MT machine translation and its variations, AI artificial intelligence, TQM translation quality management. The course is divided into 15 meetings of 1.5 hours each, with the syllabus structured in such a way that the trainees systematically learn and improve the MTPE process and develop an understanding of MT tools. Therefore, it can be treated as a means to achieve the goal set by EMT.
Teaching russian as a foreign language in prc: historical and cultural, methodological aspects
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Kuratchenko Marina Anatolyevna , Sevastyanova Svetlana Klimentievna ,   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA, Zimina Lyudmila Olegovna ,   Siberian Institute of Management – branch of RANEPA
Published: July 2022

Despite the long history of teaching Russian in China, a unified concept of teaching Russian as a foreign language (RFL) in China has not been developed. Methods based on the educational standards of China do not overcome cultural and linguistic barriers, do not have an objective linguistic and cultural potential. In addition, the features of the educational standard in the field of teaching Russian as a foreign language in the PRC determine the features of mastering the Russian language. The authors of the article believe that textbooks on Russian as a foreign language for the PRC should be developed jointly with Chinese colleagues for specific educational institutions, taking into account the peculiarities of the educational traditions of China and Russia, the needs of specific groups of students, and the existence of educational standards in the two countries. To identify topics, difficulties in studying Russian as a foreign language, gender, age and socio-cultural characteristics of students in the PRC, a draft questionnaire is proposed for both students and teachers. Conducted expert interviews with Russian and Chinese teachers of Russian as a foreign language made it possible to identify significant contradictions at the level of goals, objectives and teaching methods.
Volunteer activity as a condition for the social and personal development of preschoolers with disabilities
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Malinovska Marina Pavlovna
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the problem of organizing volunteer activities in an inclusive preschool educational organization. The article presents the psychological and pedagogical potential of volunteer activity, which is shown in the article as a resource for the development of social and personal qualities of preschool children in conditions of inclusion. An empirical study is described, the purpose of which was to determine the psychological and pedagogical conditions for organizing volunteer activities of older preschool children with disabilities aimed at their social and personal development. The article presents the results of involving preschoolers in volunteer activities, during the organization of which such psychological and pedagogical conditions were observed as creating a favorable climate in the group, taking into account the individual, age and physical characteristics of children with disabilities, stimulating their initiative and creativity, creating situations of mutual assistance between children.
Digital quantification of somatostatin receptor subtype 2a immunostaining: a validation study
Authors: Campana Claudia , van Koetsveld Peter M , Feelders Richard A , de Herder Wouter W , Iyer Anand M , van Velthuysen Marie-Louise F , Veenstra Marije J , van den Dungen Elisabeth S R , Franck Sanne E , Ferone Diego , Gatto Federico , Hofland Leo J
Published: July 2022

Objective

The aim of this study was to develop an open-source and reproducible digital quantitative analysis (DIA) of somatostatin receptor subtype 2a (SST2) staining in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (panNETs) and growth hormone (GH)-secreting pituitary adenomas (GHomas).

Design

SST2 immunostaining of 18 panNETs and 39 GHomas was assessed using a novel DIA protocol and compared with a widely used semi-quantitative immunoreactivity score (IRS).

Methods

The DIA software calculates the staining intensity/area and the percentage of positive cells (%PC). Four representative images were selected for each sample by two independent selectors (S1 and S2), with the analysis performed by two independent analyzers (A1 and A2). Agreement between observers was calculated using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC).

Results

In panNETs, the CCC ranged 0.935–0.977 for intensity/area and 0.942–0.983 for %PC. In GHomas, the CCC ranged 0.963–0.997 for intensity/area and 0.979–0.990 for %PC. In both panNETs and GHomas, the DIA staining intensity was strongly correlated with the IRS (Spearman rho: 0.916–0.969, P < 0.001), as well as the DIA %PC with the IRS %PC (Spearman rh: 0.826–0.881, P < 0.001). In GHomas, the biochemical response to somatostatin receptor ligands correlated with SST2 expression, evaluated both as DIA intensity/area (Spearman rho: −0.448 to −0.527, P = 0.007–0.004) and DIA %PC (Spearman rho: −0.558 to −0.644, P ≤ 0.001).

Conclusions

The DIA has an excellent inter-observer agreement and showed a strong correlation with the widely used semi-quantitative IRS. The DIA protocol is an open-source, highly reproducible tool and provides a reliable quantitative evaluation of SST2 immunohistochemistry.
Printed Music as a Medium of International Representation for the Magnates of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: A Case Study of Music Prints Dedicated to Jan Karol Chodkiewicz and Aleksander Chodkiewicz
Authors: Pister Aleksandra
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the collections of printed music dedicated to the distinguished nobles, statesmen and military commanders of the Grand Dutchy of Lithuania, brothers Jan Karol and Aleksander Chodkiewicz. These collections were printed in Venice in the beginning of the 17th century and dedicated to the Lithuanian magnates by Italian composers Giovanni Valentini and Giulio Osculati. However, it was not in their home country where composers became acquainted with the above-mentioned noblemen who had studied and travelled extensively in Italy but in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In fact, both composers had served for certain periods of time as musicians in the Polish court chapel under Sigismund III Vasa. The said collections of motets are being examined here with an emphasis on publicity and international representation. The author notes that besides the reasonable expectations of both Italian composers to raise their public profiles, to publish and disseminate their work in Europe, these personal aspirations also resonated with the interests of other public figures. They both represent Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, as a generous patron and a leading social figure. The dedications were intended to glorify the Chodkiewicz and raise their profile within the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and beyond. They account for the magnates’ victories in major military campaigns of the time, such as those achieved during the Polish–Swedish war of 1600–1611, as well as Chodkiewicz’s merits in defence of the state. Within the context of shifting confessional identities at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries (i.e. the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation movements) these notated sources should be considered as a reflection of the magnates’ confessional identity. The very genre of printed works – motets for Catholic church service – reflects Chodkiewicz’s firm self-determination as Roman Catholics.
An update to the species list of fungi in the Red Data Book of Ukraine
Authors:   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Heluta V.P. , Zykova M.O. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Hayova V.P. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Prydiuk M.P. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shevchenko M.V. ,   M.G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
Published: July 2022

The Red Data Book of Ukraine is an official national Red List of threatened species of plants, animals and fungi that are protected by law in Ukraine. This state document contains information about the current status of these species, threats and measures for their conservation and reproduction. According to the Law of Ukraine On the Red Book Data of Ukraine, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine provides official publication of the printed version of the Red Data Book of Ukraine at least once a decade. In 2021, based on the results of the studies carried out over the past decade, the list of fungi in the Red Data Book of Ukraine was extended to include twenty more species (Amylocystis lapponica, Battarrea phalloides, Butyriboletus appendiculatus, B. fechtneri, B. fuscoroseus, B. subappendiculatus, Chalciporus rubinus, Hemileccinum depilatum, Hericium erinaceum, Kavinia alboviridis, Montagnea radiosa, Mythicomyces corneipes, Phellinidium ferrugineofuscum, Plectania melastoma, Poronia punctata, Rubroboletus lupinus, R. rhodoxanthus, R. rubrosanguineus, R. satanas, and Suillus plorans), while nine species of fungi were excluded for various reasons (Anthurus archeri, Clathrus ruber, Entoloma nidorosum, Gyromitra slonevskii, Laricifomes officinalis, Morchella steppicola, Mutinus ravenelii, Phallus duplicatus, and Pseudocolus fusiformis). The article provides brief information and original photographs of the added twenty species of fungi of national conservation concern.
STUDENTS' DESCRIPTIVE WRITING PERFORMANCES IN ONLINE ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOM
Authors: Hamid Farida , Zulfa Siti , Ariwibowo Tungky , Husna Nida , Hidayat Didin Nuruddin
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTDuring the Covid-19 situation, the online classroom activities assist teachers and students in achieving the learning objectives. The objectives of this study were to know students' performances and obstacles in the online descriptive writing English language classroom. The qualitative method was used as the research design. The data were collected through open-ended questionnaires, semi-interviews, and documents. The study involved one teacher and 30 students in senior high school through purposive sampling. The results indicated that students' performances were mostly good in the online descriptive writing learning activities following their high motivation and great attitude to participate in the online classroom. However, some problems persisted, such as a lack of vocabulary and confusion in generic structure text and grammatical use. In addition, the internet connection has become the main problem supporting students' performance during online classroom activities. Hence, adding more supporting and proper activities that can be applied online is needed. ABSTRAKSelama Covid-19, kegiatan kelas online membantu guru dan siswa untuk mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja siswa dan hambatan dalam menulis deskriptif online kelas bahasa Inggris. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui angket terbuka, semi wawancara, dan dokumen. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu orang guru dan 30 siswa SMA melalui purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja siswa sebagian besar baik dalam kegiatan pembelajaran menulis deskriptif online karena motivasi tinggi dan sikap mereka yang baik untuk berpartisipasi dalam kelas online. Namun, beberapa masalah masih tetap ada seperti kurangnya kosa kata dan kebingungan dalam memahami struktur teks umum dan penggunaan tata bahasa. Selain itu, koneksi internet menjadi kendala utama untuk menunjang kinerja siswa selama kegiatan kelas online. Oleh karena itu, sangat penting untuk menambah lebih banyak kegiatan yang mendukung dan tepat yang dapat diterapkan melalui online sangat diperlukan.
GENDER DIFFERENCES IN THE STRATEGY INVENTORY FOR LANGUAGE LEARNING (SILL)
Authors: Nur Serliah , Yusuf Faidah
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThis research investigates the learning strategies used by English as a foreign language (EFL) students and gender differences in the strategy inventory for language learning (SILL) in Indonesia. To gather the data, this study employed quantitative descriptive methods with a Google form-based questionnaire involving 110 college students, and the data were analysed using SPSS 25. The fifty items of the questionnaire were divided into six strategies: memory strategy, cognitive strategy, metacognitive strategy, compensation strategy, emotion strategy, and social strategy. Findings of the study indicate that the students use all the strategies in learning English, and all these strategies are in a high level of use except for memory strategy which is in a moderate level. Gender differences data show that most male students preferred the social strategy (36%), whereas most female students preferred metacognitive strategy (56.47%) suggesting that male and female students have different learning styles. The results of this research shed light on the importance of raising teachers’ awareness of their students’ diversity in learning strategies. Thus, teachers should improve their repertoire of teaching techniques and strategies to meet students’ different learning styles in the classroom. ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menyelidiki strategi pembelajaran yang digunakan oleh siswa bahasa Inggris sebagai bahasa asing (EFL) dan perbedaan gender dalam inventarisasi strategi untuk pembelajaran bahasa (SILL) di Indonesia. Untuk mengumpulkan data, penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan kuesioner berbasis Google form yang melibatkan 110 mahasiswa, dan data dianalisis menggunakan SPSS 25. Lima puluh item kuesioner dibagi menjadi enam strategi: strategi memori, strategi kognitif, strategi metakognitif. strategi, strategi kompensasi, strategi emosi, dan strategi sosial. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa menggunakan semua strategi dalam belajar bahasa Inggris, dan semua jenis strategi berada di tingkat tinggi kecuali strategi memori yang berada di tingkat sedang. Data perbedaan gender menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa laki-laki lebih menyukai strategi sosial (36%), sedangkan sebagian besar siswa perempuan lebih menyukai strategi metakognitif (56,47%) menunjukkan bahwa siswa laki-laki dan perempuan memiliki gaya belajar yang berbeda secara signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya meningkatkan kesadaran guru tentang keragaman siswa mereka dalam strategi pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, guru harus meningkatkan repertoar teknik dan strategi pengajaran mereka untuk memenuhi gaya belajar siswa yang berbeda di kelas.
CRITICAL THINKING IN ELT: INDONESIAN TEACHERS’ UNDERSTANDING AND PRACTICE TEN YEARS DOWN THE TRACK
Authors: Defianty Maya , Wilson Kate
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTIt has been over a decade since the Ministry of Education and Culture in Indonesia mandated teachers to foster critical thinking; however, studies document that in Indonesia, students’ critical thinking still lags behind other countries. This condition led us to investigate teachers’ understanding of critical thinking as they hold the central role in promoting it. This qualitative research survey involved 64 English language teachers who had signed up for a webinar about critical thinking. The respondents varied in terms of gender, educational background, and teaching experience. The questionnaire was distributed online, and their participation in filling out the questionnaire was voluntary. Questions were divided into two categories: the respondents’ demographic data, including gender, educational background, and teaching context. The second category focused on teachers’ understanding of critical thinking and its implementation in the classroom context. The study found that teachers do not yet have comprehensive knowledge about critical thinking, and this is reflected in their teaching practice and assessment of students’ critical thinking. Interestingly, the study revealed that only a few teachers realized that their difficulties in promoting critical thinking might derive from their limited understanding about the notion.ABSTRAKSudah lebih dari satu dekade sejak Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia mengamanatkan guru untuk meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis; namun, beberapa studi mendokumentasikan bahwa di Indonesia, tingkat kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa masih tertinggal dari negara lain. Kondisi ini mendorong Kami untuk meneliti pemahaman guru tentang berpikir kritis mengingat guru memegang peran penting sentral dalam mempromosikannya. Survei penelitian kualitatif ini melibatkan 64 guru bahasa Inggris yang telah mendaftar untuk webinar tentang berpikir kritis. Responden bervariasi dalam hal jenis kelamin, latar belakang pendidikan, dan pengalaman mengajar. Kuesioner disebarkan secara online, dan partisipasi mereka dalam mengisi kuesioner bersifat sukarela. Pertanyaan dibagi menjadi dua kategori: data demografi responden, termasuk jenis kelamin, latar belakang pendidikan, dan konteks pengajaran. Kategori kedua berfokus pada pemahaman guru tentang berpikir kritis dan implementasinya dalam konteks kelas. Studi ini menemukan bahwa guru belum memiliki pengetahuan yang komprehensif tentang berpikir kritis, dan hal ini tercermin dalam praktik mengajar mereka serta dalam menilai kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa. Salah satu temuan menarik dari penelitian ini adalah hanya sedikit guru yang menyadari bahwa kesulitan mereka dalam mempromosikan berpikir kritis pada siswa kemungkinan besar dikarenakan pemahaman mereka yang terbatas tentang konsep berpikir kritis tersebut.
ENGLISH BLENDED LEARNING: AN ANALYSIS OF INDONESIAN STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION
Authors: Suriaman Aminah , Tadeko Nurgan , Manurung Konder , Usman Sriati , Yuliyani Atik
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe study attempted to analyze the students of Tadulako University's perspective toward blended learning instruction in English teaching. The study employed a quantitative approach using a longitudinal survey design. 48 English department students in the fourth and sixth semesters were selected as the sample of the research using a simple random sampling technique. The data were gained through the questionnaire distributed online and the interview in the face-to-face technique. Data have been analyzed descriptively and inferentially using SPSS Program version 21. The results showed that blended learning through Moodle-based Instruction and face-to-face learning in the classroom was a modern way of learning, convenient to learn English anywhere and anytime. According to most of the respondents, blended learning is the way to enhance their self-directed learning. They can understand the subject well through blended learning, and students feel satisfied using blended learning in English Teaching. It could be concluded that blended learning is helpful to apply in English teaching. The results contributed theoretical and practical information and references to practitioners and researchers in this field of study.                                                                                   ABSTRAK         Penelitian ini mencoba untuk menganalisis perspektif mahasiswa Universitas Tadulako terhadap pengajaran blended learning dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan menggunakan desain survei longitudinal. 48 mahasiswa jurusan Bahasa Inggris semester empat dan enam dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian dengan menggunakan teknik sampel acak secara sederhana. Data diperoleh melalui kuesioner yang disebarkan secara daring dan wawancara dengan teknik tatap muka. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan inferensial menggunakan Program SPSS versi 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa blended learning melalui Pembelajaran Berbasis Moodle dan pembelajaran tatap muka di kelas menurut mahasiswa merupakan cara belajar yang modern, nyaman untuk belajar bahasa Inggris dimana saja dan kapan saja. Blended learning menurut sebagian besar responden, adalah cara untuk meningkatkan self-directed mereka dalam belajar, mereka dapat memahami materi pembelajaran dengan baik melalui blended learning, dan siswa merasa puas menggunakan blended learning dalam Pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa blended learning berguna untuk diterapkan dalam pengajaran bahasa Inggris. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi informasi dan referensi secara teoritis dan praktis kepada para praktisi dan peneliti selanjutnya dalam bidang studi ini.
Effectiveness of Inhaled Antibiotics in Ventilator Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bayanaka Beryl , Herawati Fauna , Yulia Rika
Published: July 2022

Inhaled antibiotics are adjunct to ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) therapy because they are delivered directly to the infection site of the lungs, while intravenous (IV) antibiotics work systematically. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicine Agency have approved several inhaled antibiotics for cystic fibrosis treatment. However, none have been approved for VAP use, even with supporting evidence. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of inhaled antibiotics as adjuvant therapy with IV or substitute in the treatment of VAP. The effect was measured based on clinical cure, microbial cure, and mortality. This study is a literature review and meta-analysis using a randomized control trial (RCT) design. The parameters measured were a clinical cure, microbial cure, and mortality. Furthermore, the literature search was conducted using the PubMed database. The included articles’ quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) checklist and the journal’s reputation. Furthermore, 7 studies were included in the final review and meta-analysis. The results showed that the meta-analysis of inhaled antibiotics as adjuvant or substitution therapy is negative on clinical cure rates (RR=1,07; 95% CI=0,86–1,32) and mortality (RR=1,09; 95% CI=0,83–1,43). The analysis of inhaled antibiotics as adjuvant therapy was positive in microbiological cure (RR=1,56; 95% CI=1,13–2,17) but has no benefit as substitution therapy (RR=1,21; 95% CI=0,86–1,71). It can be concluded that using inhaled antibiotics as adjuvant therapy or monotherapy is ineffective in improving the clinical cure rate and mortality of VAP patients while using it as an adjuvant alone can eradicate microbes better.
Prophylactic Cavotricuspid Isthmus Ablation in Atrial Fibrillation without Documented Typical Atrial Flutter: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Waranugraha Yoga , Rizal Ardian , Rohman Mohammad Saifur , Tsai Chia-Ti , Chiu Fu-Chun
Published: July 2022

Background: The advantage of prophylactic cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation for AF patients without documented atrial flutter is still unclear. The present study aimed to evaluate the role of prophylactic CTI ablation in this population. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted. The overall effects estimation was conducted using random effects models. The pooled effects were presented as the risk difference and standardised mean difference for dichotomous and continuous outcomes, respectively. Results: A total of 1,476 patients from four studies were included. The risk of atrial tachyarrhythmias following a successful catheter ablation procedure was greater in the pulmonary vein isolation + CTI ablation group than pulmonary vein isolation alone group (34.8% versus 28.2%; risk difference 0.08; 95% CI [0.00–0.17]; p=0.04). Prophylactic CTI ablation was associated with a higher recurrent AF rate (33.8% versus 27.1%; risk difference 0.07; 95% CI [0.01–0.13]; p=0.02). Additional prophylactic CTI ablation to pulmonary vein isolation significantly increased the radio frequency application time (standardised mean difference 0.52; 95% CI [0.04–1.01]; p=0.03). Conclusion: This study suggested that prophylactic CTI ablation was an ineffective and inefficient approach in AF without documented typical atrial flutter patients.
Microvascular Dysfunction in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction: Pathophysiology, Assessment, Prevalence and Prognosis
Authors: Bilak Joanna M , Alam Uazman , Miller Christopher A , McCann Gerry P , Arnold Jayanth R , Kanagala Prathap
Published: July 2022

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) currently accounts for approximately half of all new heart failure cases in the community. HFpEF is closely associated with chronic lifestyle-related diseases, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, and clinical outcomes are worse in those with than without comorbidities. HFpEF is pathophysiologically distinct from heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, which may explain, in part, the disparity of treatment options available between the two heart failure phenotypes. The mechanisms underlying HFpEF are complex, with coronary microvascular dysfunction (MVD) being proposed as a potential key driver in its pathophysiology. In this review, the authors highlight the evidence implicating MVD in HFpEF pathophysiology, the diagnostic approaches for identifying MVD (both invasive and non-invasive) and the prevalence and prognostic significance of MVD.
Comportamentos sexuais durante a pandemia da Covid-19: representações sociais de homens gays e heterossexuais
Authors: De Oliveira Santos José Victor , Alves de Jesus Lorena , Da Silva Fonseca Luciana Kelly , Da Silva Alves Mateus Egilson , Fernandes de Araújo Ludgleydson
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. O presente artigo objetivou comparar as representações sociais (RS) entre grupos de homens gays e heterossexuais sobre os comportamentos sexuais face ao isolamento social decorrente da pandemia da Covid-19. Método. Participaram 200 homens (100 heterossexuais e 100 homossexuais), com médias de idade de 27,06 e 28,12, respectivamente. Utilizou-se um formulário sociodemográfico on-line e uma entrevista semiestruturada com duas perguntas disparadoras para apreensão das RS. Os dados foram analisados pelo software IRAMUTEQ. Resultados. Verificou-se similaridades em ambos os grupos quanto a vida sexual ativa e uso de tecnologias para Sexting e acesso a pornografia. Entretanto, os homossexuais divergem na estrutura representacional ao buscarem estas estratégias compensatórias em maior quantidade, em razão de relacionamentos com pouca duração e/ou pouca união estável. Conclui-se que o distanciamento físico desvela intercorrências heterogêneas à vida afetivo-sexual nessa nova realidade social.
Sintomatología y crecimiento postraumático en estudiantes de educación superior en Chile durante la pandemia por COVID-19
Authors: García Felipe E. , Andrades Mariela , Rodríguez Fernando , Díaz Zamira , Alarcón Sofía , Fonseca Isabel , Lucero Cibelle
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Evaluar un modelo predictivo de sintomatología postraumática (SPT) y de crecimiento postraumático (CPT), que incluía variables psicológicas, relacionadas con la pandemia y con las clases virtuales, en estudiantes de educación superior durante la pandemia. Método. Participaron 552 estudiantes cuya mayoría corresponde a un 68.5% de mujeres. Se aplicaron instrumentos para medir distintas variables psicológicas. Resultados. Se estableció que un modelo predictivo que incluía la rumiación intrusiva y deliberada, la severidad subjetiva, la supresión emocional, la revaluación cognitiva, el apoyo social, un espacio adecuado para conectarse a clases en línea y el nivel de estudios predecía en forma significativa la SPT. La rumiación deliberada, el apoyo social, la reevaluación cognitiva y la edad predecían el CPT. Se discute la relevancia de estos resultados para el apoyo que se podría brindar a los estudiantes.
Ansiedad, desesperanza y afrontamiento ante el COVID-19 en usuarios de atención psicológica
Authors: Hernández Montaño Alicia , González Tovar José , Garza Sánchez Rosa Isabel , Valdés García Karla , Pérez Pedraza Bárbara De los Ángeles
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Identificar los niveles de síntomas de ansiedad y desesperanza, así como, las estrategias de afrontamiento durante la pandemia de COVID-19 en usuarios de servicios de atención psicológica en línea. Método. Se utilizó un diseño de tipo transversal predictivo, con una muestra de 78 personas voluntarias. Se aplicó la Escala de estrategias de afrontamiento frente a riesgos extremos, Inventario de Ansiedad de Beck (BAI) y la Escala de Desesperanza de Beck (BHS). Resultados. Al existir un alto nivel de ansiedad en las personas participantes, se tiende a manifestar mayor nivel de indefensión y de conductas de afrontamiento orientadas hacia la evitación y de naturaleza pasiva.
Apoyo social, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital según orientación sexual en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Orellana Ligia María , Márquez Mansilla Camila , Farías Paola , Liempi Gustavo , Schnettler Berta
Published: July 2022

Objetivo. Examinar las relaciones entre el apoyo social percibido, actitudes hacia la sexualidad y satisfacción vital entre estudiantes universitarios heterosexuales y lesbianas, gay y bisexuales (LGB), en Temuco, Chile. Método. Muestra no probabilística de 281 estudiantes universitarios (70.8% heterosexual, 29.2% LGB), quienes respondieron un cuestionario en línea. Resultados. No hubo diferencias según orientación sexual en las actitudes hacia la sexualidad y la satisfacción vital. Estudiantes heterosexuales reportaron mayor apoyo social general y por parte de la familia y otros significativos que estudiantes LGB; ambos grupos reportaron igual apoyo de sus amistades. Únicamente, el apoyo social fue predictor de satisfacción vital. Estos resultados resaltan la importancia de fortalecer fuentes de apoyo para contribuir al bienestar de estudiantes de distintas orientaciones sexuales.
A vérképből meghatározott neutrophil-lymphocyta arány prognosztikai értéke daganatos betegségekben
Authors: Deme Dániel
Published: July 2022

Bevezetés: Az idült, alacsony fokú és intenzitású gyulladást a
rosszindulatú daganatok kialakulására és progressziójára hajlamosító tényezőként
tartják számon. A gyulladás folyamatában a fehérvérsejtek kulcsszerepet töltenek
be. Számos szakirodalmi adat alapján a szerző néhány fontosabb metaanalízis és
validációs vizsgálat eredményét mutatja be, melyek a kiindulási emelkedett
neutrophil-lymphocyta arány (NLR) és a rosszindulatú daganatos betegségek rossz
prognózisa közötti szoros összefüggést tárták fel. Módszer és
eredmények: A szerző a munkahelyén kezelt, előrehaladott daganatos
betegek adatai (n = 75) alapján saját megfigyeléseiről is beszámol. Validált
módszerrel meghatározta az NLR vágórtékét, a kockázati hányadost, a
konfidenciaintervallumot és a p-értéket (a Cox-modell illesztése az NLR, a
túlélési és az esemény bekövetkeztét jelző kategorizált változóhoz, majd
log-rank teszttel a legszignifikánsabb eltérési pont keresése). A hatásnagyság
méréséhez a Hedges-féle g-értéket használta. Megbeszélés: Az
irodalmi adatok alapján a vágóérték feletti NLR rövidebb túléléssel társult.
Saját adatok alapján az NLR>4,34 vágóérték esetén a vágóérték feletti betegek
(n = 22) teljes túlélése szignifikánsan rövidebbnek bizonyult a vágóérték alatti
csoporthoz (n = 53) képest (HR 2,3; 95%-os CI 1,37–3,85; p = 0,0012). A
hatásnagyság nagynak (0,8) bizonyult. Következtetés:
Vizsgálatai alapján a szerző a szakirodalommal egyezően azt találta, hogy az
emelkedett NLR kedvezőtlen prognózist jelent. Ez akár a terápia intenzitását is
módosíthatja. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(27): 1066–1073.
Fiatal nők testértékelésének összefüggése étkezési zavarokkal és pszichológiai jellemzőkkel
Authors: Pikó Bettina , Kiss Hedvig , Gráczer Alexandra
Published: July 2022

Bevezetés: Az elhízás, a testkép- és étkezési zavarok különösen
gyakoriak serdülő lányok és fiatal felnőtt nők körében. Míg a negatív testkép
kiemelt helyet foglal el a kutatásokban, a prevenció szempontjából fontos a
saját testünkhöz való pozitív hozzáállást, a testértékelést befolyásoló
tényezőket is feltérképezni. Célkitűzés: Célunk a fiatal
felnőtt nők testértékelését meghatározó tényezők elemzése, amely érinti egyrészt
az étkezési zavarok bizonyos típusait, a sportolást, a testtömegindexet, a
különböző pszichológiai jellemzőket, valamint hogy a családban előfordul-e
étkezési zavar vagy elhízás.Módszer: A résztvevők egyetemen
tanuló fiatalok női mintája (n = 262; átlagéletkor: 22,0 ± 2,2 év). Az
adatgyűjtés online kérdőív formájában történt. A testértékelés mérése a
Testértékelés Skála (BAS-2) segítségével történt, amelyet az Evési Attitűdök
Tesztje (EAT), a Rosenberg Önértékelés Skála, az Életszemlélet Teszt (LOT-R) és
a Megjelenéssel Kapcsolatos Szociokulturális Attitűdök Skála „Internalizáció –
Általános” alskálája egészített ki a pszichológiai jellemzők mérésére.
Eredmények: A többváltozós lineáris regressziós elemzés
szerint az önértékeléssel függ össze a legnagyobb mértékben a fiatal nők
testértékelése, kisebb mértékben a sportolás és az optimizmus is meghatározóak,
míg a testtömegindex és a kóros diétázás negatív prediktorok. Szintén kisebb
mértékben, de a médiában látottak internalizációjára való erőteljes fogékonyság
is kedvezőtlen a testértékelés szempontjából. Az oralis kontroll, amely az
anorexia nervosa tünetei között is szerepel, enyhe pozitív prediktora a
testértékelésnek. Következtetés: Adataink felhívják a figyelmet
a testértékelés jelentőségére a testkép- és étkezési zavarok terápiájában és
prevenciójában. Igen nagy szükség van a pozitív testkép és testértékelés
erősítésére, hiszen testünk elfogadásának hiánya vagy a túlhangsúlyozott vékony
testideálhoz való mértéktelen viszonyulás könnyen kóros diétázáshoz vezethet.
Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(27): 1082–1088.
Kétoldali Parsonage–Turner-szindróma COVID–19-vakcinációt követően.
Authors: Lukács Krisztina , Csőregh Éva , Fekete Béla
Published: July 2022

A Parsonage–Turner-szindróma (PTS, plexitis brachialis) hirtelen fellépő,
többnyire egyoldali, súlyos váll- vagy felkari fájdalommal járó neuritis. Bár a
heves fájdalom általában önkorlátozó, a betegek kétharmadánál az akut periódust
a vállöv és a proximalis felső végtag izmait érintő progresszív izomgyengeség,
reflexváltozások, érzészavarok és krónikus neuropathiás fájdalom követi. A
PTS-eseteknek csak kis része idiopathiás, többségében műtétet, traumát,
fertőzést követően vagy oltási szövődményként számolnak be róluk. Az ismert
kiváltó okok között van a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés, és a különböző típusú
COVID–19-vakcinációkat követően is többször leírták már egyoldali PTS
kialakulását. A jelen közleményben egy olyan esetet mutatunk be, amelynél a
második Pfizer–BioNTech BNT162b2 COVID–19-vakcina beadását követően 1 hónappal
jobb oldali, 7 hónappal később pedig bal oldali részleges plexitis brachialis
alakult ki. A PTS diagnózisát mágnesesrezonancia- és elektrodiagnosztikai
vizsgálat is megerősítette. A PTS előfordulása nem ritka, de az ismeretek
hiányában kevésszer gondolnak rá. Közleményünk célja, hogy felhívjuk a figyelmet
a PTS lehetőségére mind a SARS-CoV-2-fertőzés, mind a COVID–19-vakcinációt
követően kialakult váll- vagy felkari fájdalom esetén, mert a korai felismerés
és adekvát kezelés segíthet a betegség lefolyásának rövidítésében. Orv Hetil.
2022; 163(27): 1055–1060.
‘Teaching and Learning Writing in ESL/EFL’ by Rachael Ruegg
Authors: Li Qiudong
Published: July 2022

Teaching and Learning Writing in ESL/EFL. Rachael Ruegg. Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press, Beijing (2021). × + 177 Pp., ¥28.00, ISBN: 978-7-5213-2455-6 (pbk)
A framework for identifying early writing development
Authors: Kabel Kristine , Bremholm Jesper , Bundsgaard Jeppe
Published: July 2022

In this article, we present a novel framework for identifying young students’ writing development in the first years of primary school (age 6–8 years). It was developed to analyse a large number of student texts (n = 803), all in the format of digitised books, as part of the large-scale Danish research project titled Teaching Platform for Developing and Automatically Tracking Early Stage Literacy Skills (ATEL, 2018–2023). In this project, based on a text-oriented model of writing, we aim to gain insights into less considered dimensions of emergent writing. Specifically, we consider how young students construct sentences and expand their meaning-making repertoires in this regard, as well as how they tie a whole text together and begin to express interpersonal meaning. In developing the framework, we took inspiration from both formal and functional linguistic approaches to young students’ writing development and constructed a comprehensive framework to examine the first steps into ways of communicating through writing in school. Furthermore, through a theory-and data-driven process, we developed the framework to suit emergent writing in the educational and language context in Denmark. In addition to presenting the framework in this article, we discuss its limitations and potentials for research and practice.
Audience awareness in elementary school students’ texts
Authors: Skar Gustaf B , Aasen Arne Johannes , Kvistad Anne H , Johansen Marita B
Published: July 2022

In this study, we investigated audience awareness characteristics in elementary school students’ texts. To achieve this goal, we used a cross-sectional study design and sampled texts from 90 students in grades 1–3 (N = 270). These texts formed a corpus that was qualitatively analyzed by the research team. We used descriptive statistics to identify audience awareness patterns. Based on previous research, we expected to find considerable variation within and between grades. Therefore, we posed the following two research questions: (1) What characterizes audience awareness within grades 1–3? and (2) How does audience awareness develop between grades 1–3? We found that students used various rhetorical moves oriented toward the audience, such as greetings and closings, meta-text, explanations, and justifications. The results indicated that the students exhibited several characteristics related to audience awareness in all three grades. However, the variation within the grades was significant, while the variation between the grades was less pronounced.