bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RESEARCH INTO PERSONAL VALUES IN TERMS OF QUALITATIVE ANALYSIS OF DOCUMENTS
Authors: Dombrovskis Aivis
Published: May 2019

This research has emerged from a real-life situation where there was a need to find out for what are the life values and which values are followed by a participant.The study was commissioned in connection with legal proceedings. In this research there is only one participant. The purpose of the study is to explore the categories of personal values and the inherent characteristics of the person revealed in the documents submitted to the study. The study was conducted using a qualitative data-processing method: contentanalysis.The documents analysed in this study consist of three sets of data: telephone text messages, letters and notes and conclusions of psychological studies. A total of eight letters and notes on ten pages have been analysed four hundred and forty-two telephone text messages have been analysed and six psychological investigations conclusions have been analysed on fifteen pages. The conclusions of the psychological investigations where that they were also used as instruments for confirmation of external credibility. The study resulted in individual-specific value categories and external validation of the research has been confirmed.
FEATURES OF ISLAM AND CHRISTIANITY REPRESENTATIVES’ INTERCULTURAL UNIVERSALS
Authors: Telepova Nadezhda , Telepov Mikhail
Published: May 2019

Issues of intercultural universals among different ethnic and cultural groups’ representatives are becoming very relevant in various branches of scientific and applied knowledge. Religion is one of the factors of intercultural distance, which many ethnic psychologists stress in their research. On the other hand the features of intercultural universals among representatives of different religious groups are studied very little. The goal of the study is to consider intercultural universals and their degree among representatives of two religions: Islam and Christianity. To achieve this goal, we chose the following methods: diagnostics of the Cultural-Value Differential of a personality (CVD, G. Soldatova, S.Ryzhova), diagnostics of basic beliefs (World Assumption Scale, WAS, Janoff-Bulman), diagnostics on cultural preferences in the context of the universal “Individualism-Collectivism” (IC, M.Telepov, N.Telepova). The results of the study revealed that Christians and Muslims have a lot in common in manifestations of intercultural universals, which means that representatives of these religions have a serious basis for dialogue and building relationships. Statistically significant differences were found in terms of benevolence of world and self-control (according to diagnostics on the WAS). Statistically significant differences were also found in terms of peacefulness and openness among Christians (according to diagnostics of the cultural-value differential of a personality).
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE PSYCHOORGANIC ANALYSIS IN THE TRAIT ANXIETY REDUCTION
Authors: Brants Armands , Poudžiunas Inta , Pīlēna Anita
Published: May 2019

The aim of study is to determine the possibility to reduce the level of anxiety as personality trait in the time of 22- month-long psychotherapeutic and educational group with using concepts of psychoorganic analysis – a relatively new branch of psychotherapy. The following concepts are used. Three relation forms: the unary form include a symbiotic relation level (undifferentiated sense of existence), the dual form is the binary and dialogic relation (“I am –YOU are”), the ternary form means the relation what is including a structure and the presence of the THIRD. The analysis and the evolution of three forms help to make sense of obstructive psychic occurrences in person. These occurrences are basis for life contracts, which have been protectively, but become troublesome in the lifetime. An activation of a micro–macro regulation is important in order the transformation of these occurrences. The evolution of three forms are the background for biodynamic work and the appropriate transformative intervention. The work of groups (36 participants in 2 groups) is managed from 8 psychotherapists and it is done following set instructions. Changes were evaluated 6 times with State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results show statistically significant reduction of the level of the trait anxiety of STAI-Y (p<.05) related to the group program and dynamic.
Where was the 31 October 1895 Charleston, Missouri, Earthquake?
Authors: Martin Stacey S. , Hough Susan E.
Published: May 2019

We revisit the magnitude and location of the 31 October 1895 Charleston, Missouri, earthquake, which is widely regarded to be the most recent Mw 6 or greater earthquake in the central United States. Although a study by Bakun et al. (2003) concluded that this earthquake was located in southern Illinois, more than 100 km north of the traditionally inferred location near Charleston, Missouri, our analysis of exhaustively compiled macroseismic data supports the traditionally inferred location, with a preferred magnitude of Mw≈5.8 and a preferred magnitude range of 5.4–6.1. Our preferred magnitude is derived from comparisons with intensity distributions from the 1925 Mw 6.2 Charlevoix, the 1944 Mw 5.8 Massena, and the 1968 Mw 5.3 southern Illinois earthquakes, macroseismic data of which we also revisited in this study. Based on the distribution of liquefaction, reports of damage, and early aftershocks, we also explore possible rupture scenarios for the 1895 earthquake. Our preferred scenario involves unilateral rupture to the northeast on a (reactivated) northeast‐striking fault (or faults) coinciding with structures associated with the western limb of the Reelfoot rift, with an epicenter south‐southeast of Charleston, Missouri. Our results support the conclusion that within the Reelfoot rift, elevated seismic hazard is not restricted to the New Madrid seismic zone as conventionally defined but continues into the Charleston region in southeastern Missouri, where faults associated with the western edge of the Reelfoot rift appear favorably oriented for failure in the current stress regime.
Горизонты ответственного развития: от научного дискурса к политическому управлению
Authors: Семененко Ирина
Published: May 2019

В статье рассматривается эволюция формирующегося в поле социальных наук дискурса о развитии. В условиях нарастания неопределенности в представлениях о контурах будущего мироустройства все более очевидно расхождение между повесткой дня научной дискуссии и практиками политического управления. Этот разрыв препятствует преодолению высокого уровня конфликтности и избыточного неравенства, ведет к понижению порога безопасности в “глубоко разделенных” обществах. По итогам анализа дискурса и политической повестки дня автор формулирует инновационную концепцию ответственного развития, рассматривая ее как основу для формирования системы координат, в которой можно продвигаться при решении ключевых социальных и экономических проблем на разных уровнях организации общества. Ответственное развитие опирается на нравственную мотивацию при выборе приоритетов и ориентацию на развитие личностного потенциала человека, на нематериальные (интеллектуальные) ресурсы в производстве и потреблении, на политико-институциональное обеспечение вовлеченности граждан в реализацию важных для сообщества решений на основе гражданской идентичности. В качестве примера эффективного использования ориентированных на управление сложным обществом подходов рассматриваются практики, используемые в рамках европейской “северной модели”. Она строится на фундаменте государства благосостояния и проецируется в экономическую и в публичную сферы, в первую очередь на уровне местных сообществ. Апробируемые здесь управленческие механизмы вписываются в логику ответственного развития, однако различия в масштабах экономик, традициях политической культуры и ориентирах идентичности исключают возможность универсализации этого или иного успешного опыта. Как стратегическое видение и система принципов организации социального общежития, ответственное развитие предполагает постоянную настройку институтов в соответствии с особенностями конкретных сообществ, согласование стратегий и механизмов их реализации на основе культуры диалога, обратную связь между политическими институтами государства, местного самоуправления и бизнесом, наукой и образованием, вовлеченность граждан в разные формы социальной активности. Формирование адекватного этим задачам дискурса является сегодня ключевым приоритетом социальных наук.
Политика языка в контексте электоральной борьбы в Каталонии (2006-2017)
Authors: Борисова Надежда , Филиппова Евгения
Published: May 2019

Языковой режим, базирующийся на нормативном признании за региональным языком статуса ко-официального, нуждается в общественном признании, обеспечение которого зависит от связанных друг с другом факторов: от содержания и масштаба языковой преференциальной политики, интересов и требований основных политических сил, вовлеченных в обсуждение вопросов языкового планирования, изменяющегося политического контекста. В статье определено значение языковой политики в контексте конфликта между Барселоной и Мадридом на примере предвыборных программ политических партий Каталонии. В центре внимания электоральная повестка и включенность политических партий в политику языка в регионе. С помощью сравнения партийных программ с учетом особенностей политико-идеологического спектра региона объясняется вариативность языковых требований и их связь с позициями партий в конфликте. Анализ свидетельствует о сложившемся публичном консенсусе относительно билингвального характера языкового территориального режима. Однако оценка и интерпретация ко-официальности языков у региональных и общенациональных партий разнятся. Для региональных отделений общенациональных партий нормативно представление о паритетном существовании обоих языков. Региональные партии рассматривают преимущественное положение каталанского языка как условие консолидации регионального сообщества. Фактическое оспаривание языкового режима наиболее явно просматривается в риторике сторонников проекта независимости Каталонии. Статус каталанского языка и обсуждение содержания и масштаба преференциальной в отношении него политики играет символическую роль в конфликте между Каталонией и Испанией. Усиление требований о пересмотре паритета каталанского и кастильяно в программах региональных партий – лидеров проекта каталонской сецессии на выборах в региональный парламент выступает инструментом этнической мобилизации.
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en el sector calzado: Estudio de caso en Bogotá, Colombia.
Authors: Téllez-Bedoya Carlos Arturo , Bernal-Rodríguez Edgar Andrés
Published: May 2019

Los estudios convencionales sobre las condiciones del sector de calzado en Bogotá, Colombia han abordado de forma exigua las interpretaciones y prácticas que llevan a cabo los empresarios sobre la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE). En consecuencia, el desconocimiento e inactividad de estas prácticas han generado repercusiones en este sector, caracterizado por sus importantes impactos en el ámbito económico, social, cultural y ambiental. Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación primordialmente de carácter cualitativo que, a través del método de estudio de caso y empleando como instrumento la entrevista y el análisis categorial, ilustra las percepciones de algunas empresas de la ciudad.

En cuanto a las conclusiones, se evidencia la necesidad de generar una mayor articulación entre el empresariado y los diversos actores sociales en torno a una implementación adecuada de estas prácticas que, actualmente, se desarrollan de manera superflua con el objetivo de obtener un mejor posicionamiento estratégico y no por una práctica filantrópica.
Algunas perspectivas teóricas para el estudio del emprendimiento y el género.
Authors: Zambrano-Vargas Sandra Milena , Vázquez-García Angel Wilhelm
Published: May 2019

The literature review for considering the discussion that this article proposes to study the need of entrepreneurship and gender to make visible the theories that until now have been used more frequently in academic studies, as well as the theoretical grounds was made in databases considering frontier, classical and structural documents that have studied the two variables exposed. We found the need to project research that helps to overcome the absence of an explicit criticism of the methods and instruments used and which in turn allow the expansion of the objects of study, to understand these two disciplines as interwoven social practices. Finally, the explicit use of feminist theory is proposed especially in its post structural current, institutional theory and the theory of social structuring, in order to allow a theoretical leap that provides empirical evidence on the phenomenon of undertaking since the fact of being a woman or being a man more as a social construction than as the biological difference.
LOS PRINCIPIOS DE LA CONTRATACIÓN ESTATAL EN LA CONFORMACIÓN DE UNA SOCIEDAD DE ECONOMÍA MIXTA EN COLOMBIA
Authors: VERGEL BRUGÉS LUIS ALEJANDRO , MAESTRE GONZALEZ2 ANDREA CAROLINA
Published: May 2019

Atendiendo el tema que nos ocupa en este artículo como lo es Sociedades de Economía Mixta (SEM) y sus principios en la contratación estatal, se hace necesario recalcar que esta investigación va dirigida al análisis jurídico y normativo de la figura societaria de la misma, para arribar a la conclusión de que no existe normativa vigente al momento de la escogencia del socio estratégico, lo que deja al albedrío de la entidad contratante las reglas, términos, procedimientos y pasos a seguir en el proceso contractual. Es decir, que ninguna de las modalidades establecidas en la Ley 1150 de 2007, es de obligatoria aplicación al momento de escoger al particular en la conformación de la sociedad de economía mixta, en ese entendido la entidad ofertará de acuerdo a sus consideraciones los requisitos para la escogencia del socio estratégico, lo que, sin lugar a dudas, podría presentar un riesgo para los principios de la contratación estatal.

 Básicamente lo que se busca es que no sean vulnerados los principios de la contratación estatal en la escogencia del socio estratégico en la conformación de una sociedad de economía mixta en Colombia, teniendo en cuenta que según el artículo 97 de la Ley 489 de 1998, Las sociedades de economía mixta son organismos autorizados por la ley, constituidos bajo la forma de sociedades comerciales con aportes estatales y de capital privado, que desarrollan actividades de naturaleza industrial o comercial conforme a las reglas de Derecho Privado, salvo las excepciones que consagra la ley.

 Así las cosas, se puede expresar en ello, que las normas de la contratación estatal contenidas en la Ley 80 de 1993 y demás normas concordantes, no contienen disposiciones referentes al proceso de selección del socio que escogerá la entidad estatal a efectos de desarrollar el objeto contractual para el cual se constituya la SEM, quedando una delgada línea entre el arbitrio de la entidad contratante y la vulneración de los principios de la contratación estatal.
Hysterosalpingogram in evaluation of primary and secondary infertility: a two year study at a tertiary care hospital of South India
Authors: Reddy Gurram Swetha , Jyothi Gandavaram
Published: May 2019

Background: Infertility globally is a raising threat and problem associated with significant social and psychological problem. Infertility currently affects about 10 to 14 percent of the Indian population, with higher rates in urban areas where one out of six couples is impacted. Patency of the tubes, structure of uterus and cervix can be visualized by hysterosalpingogram which is a simple safer inexpensive investigation of choice in cases of infertility. Objective of this study was to study the role of hysterosalpingography (HSG) in cases of primary and secondary infertility and to observe the structural abnormalities of cervix, uterus and fallopian tubes.Methods: A two year prospective study was conducted on cases of primary and secondary infertility attending the OPD of infertility clinic. HSG was performed on the subjects included in study and findings were noted. Analysis was done by Microsoft excel spread sheet.Results: A total of 286 cases with 11.19% of primary infertility and 88.81% of secondary infertility evaluated by HSG. Mean age of the study group was 35.16±2.8 years. 74.83% had abnormal findings, with 20.28% having normal uterine cavity with uterine filling defect being the common abnormality. Two congenital anomalies of uterus were noted. Tubal occlusion was seen in 8.39% right and 9.09% left cases. Hydrosalpinx was observed in 7.69% of right and 9.79% of left cases.Conclusions: To conclude, women presenting with infertility should be evaluated for tubal pathology. The tubal pathologies like occlusion or hydrosalpinx may be due to infections or post surgical sequelae. HSG remains one of the diagnostic backbone in infertility even availability of new modalities.
Study to assess the effect of mini-dose Succinylcholine for ease of laryngeal mask airway insertion
Authors: Tajne Megha P. , Pahuja Heena D. , Rathi Lalit K. , Bhatnagar Aditi , Belokar Amitkumar H.
Published: May 2019

Background: Propofol as sole induction agent is often insufficient for the laryngeal mask airway insertion and higher doses are at times required. The present study proposes to assess the effectiveness of 0.25mg/kg mini dose succinylcholine towards facilitation of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion.Methods: In a single blinded randomized controlled trial, 68 patients posted for elective general and orthopaedic surgery were equally assigned to two groups during LMA insertion: Group S (Study group)- patients received a bolus of succinylcholine 0.25mg/kg diluted in 2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. Group C (Control group)-patients received a bolus dose of 2 ml of 0.9% sodium chloride. The number of attempts required and ease of LMA insertion, hemodynamic parameters and adverse responses were noted and compared between the groups.Results: The LMA was inserted in first attempt in 32 (94.11%) patients in group S and in 24 (70.58%) patients in group C. The control group had 67.62% grade 1, 32.38% grade 2 and 0% grade 3, while succinylcholine group had 73.53% grade 1, 26.47% grade 2 and 0% grade 3. Hemodynamic parameters didn’t differ significantly between the two groups at any point, but significant difference was observed between occurrence of fasciculation, head and limb movements, sore throat and coughing.Conclusions: Succinylcholine does seem to help in insertion of the laryngeal mask airway but the results could not gain the level of statistical significance, partly attributed to small sample size.
Single port laparoscopic transabdomional preperitoneal inguinal hernia repair: prospective cohort study
Authors: Pal Singh Sodhi Tejinder , Savyasacchi Goyal Kirti , Garg Utkarsh , Goel Kritesh , Gandhi Hemangi
Published: May 2019

Background: Laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair offers variety of advantages than the conventional repair. Therefore, laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal (TAPP) and totally extraperitoneal (TEP) techniques are frequently preferred. Single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) was developed with the aim of reducing the invasiveness of conventional laparoscopy and has been successfully performed by many surgeons.Methods: This study was conducted on 25 patients over a period of one year from November 2011 to October 2012 in Department of General Surgery, Acharya Sri Chander College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Sidhra, Jammu (ASCOMS), India with uncomplicated inguinal hernia which underwent single port laparoscopic TAPP (SPL-TAPP).Results: In this study, all the patients (100%) had unilateral inguinal hernia, among them 16 (64%) had direct and 9 (36%) had indirect inguinal hernia. Pediatric patients were excluded from study. The mean age, weight and height were 44.4, 59.46 and 157.2 cm respectively. Intraoperative data for SPL-TAPP had complications in 1 case (seroma formation) and need for conversion to conventional surgery was also seen in 1 case.Conclusions: Single port TAPP offers to be safe and efficacious with minimum re-occurrences and shorter hospital stay.
Quality of life in patients of erectile dysfunction: a cross sectional study in tertiary care settings
Authors: Langer Raja , Gupta Rushali , Thaker Kailash Singh , Kumari Rashmi , Gupta Rajiv K. , Langer Bhavna
Published: May 2019

Background: Normal sexual desire coupled with physical inability to act is a major source of mental stress in interpersonal relationships which subsequently affects the quality of life of patients.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted among patients of erectile dysfunction visiting the Urology OPD of tertiary care hospital. Study instruments used were international index of erectile function (IIEF) to assess sexual functions and version of the WHO QOL scale (WHOQOL-BREF) to assess quality of life.Results: 168 patients were interviewed and 62.5% of them were less than 45 years of age. Age, income and presence of co-morbidity were found to be statistically significantly associated with ED (p<0.05). Overall QOL scores were lower in severe grades of ED as compared to milder grades and this difference was found to be statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Erectile dysfunction has a significant impact on the quality of life of the patients which reemphasizes the need to diagnose and manage ED at the earliest.
One year study of epidemiology of trauma patients admitted in the main tertiary care hospital of the hilly state of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Kanwar Arvind , Malhotra Parikshit , Panwar Vikas , Chauhan Arun , Sharma Dhruv , Verma D. K.
Published: May 2019

Background: Trauma in Himachal Pradesh is an increasingly significant problem, particularly in light of rapid development and increasing motorization. In the state of Himachal due to the predominantly hilly terrain people are more vulnerable to accidents, resulting in various injuries. Moreover, an increase in industrialization, ongoing construction of hydel projects and subsequent increase in accidents have also affected an increase in the incidence of trauma. Social and environmental changes are resulting in alterations in epidemiology of trauma. The present study was done to study the pattern, cause, mode and burden of trauma in patients presenting to IGMC Shimla.Methods: This prospective study was done on 4267 patients of trauma admitted to various departments of IGMC, Shimla during the period from June 2014 to May 2015. Detailed history of the patient, mode of injury was collected. Complete trauma profile and blood investigations were done in all patients. Postmortem findings of the trauma victims who died in IGMC or who were brought dead due to trauma were recorded. Results: The mean age of the patients in the study was 33.56 years. Male preponderance was noted (M:F-2.7:1). The commonest mode of injury was due to fall (75.60%). Of the total, 72.39% patients admitted with isolated injuries confined to one particular region, 11.72% patients with multiple injuries with in a single region, 13.01% patients with polytrauma, and 2.44% patients with burns. The rate of mortality was 2.06% (n=88).Conclusions: Improved infrastructure, behavior patterns of the individuals, can decrease the rate of trauma in the state. Development of strong and supportive management policies by the emergency departments in hospitals can reduce the mortality rate related with trauma.
Is it safe to incise skin by monopolar electrocautery? A comparative study
Authors: Thakkar Nimesh B. , Patel Pranav , Sonagra Gautam
Published: May 2019

Background: The present study of evaluation of the use of electrocautery to incise the skin has been done to evaluate and assess basically. The advantages and disadvantages of the electrocautery to incise the skin when compared with that of scalpel. The results of the use of electrocautery on skin wound are then assessed to formulate the criteria for proper case selection for this procedure.Methods: A total of 100 patients were taken for this study. 50 patients underwent electrocautry monopolar mode incision (group A) who were compared with 50 scalpel incision patients (group B). Study was done from 01 January 2016 to 30 September 2017. Variables used in this study were complication like pain, lack of apposition and skin infection at the site of incision, pain, sinus formation and induration. This method was also evaluated with respect to following parameters: days of hospitalization, cosmetic result, rate of infection, wound apposition and requirement of secondary suturing.Results: As per our study, results are in favour of electrocautry by means of hemostasis. But we found that infection rate and complications are more with it. Moreover number of dressings required and hospital stay was also more with patient undergoing skin incision with electrocautry.Conclusions: For locally overlying healthy skin with no compromise of vascularity or any oedema and there is less fat, electrocautery use for skin incision can still be recommended for better cosmetic result and shorter healing time with less complication and rapid surgery.
Clinical and radiological presentation in patients with conserved blunt liver and splenic injuries at a tertiary care center in western India
Authors: Meshram Prashant
Published: May 2019

Background: There has been an increase in abdominal injuries following industrialisation and urbanisation. The mortality due to these injuries however has shown a declining trend worldwide. This is most probably due to early presentation, better access to health care and improved monitoring and treatment modalities.Methods: 51 patients of conserved blunt liver and/or splenic injuries admitted in the trauma ICU of a tertiary care center were studied over a year for demographics, mode of injuries, pre- hospital delay, clinical and radiological presentation.Results: Majority of the patients were males in the age group of 16-30 years. Vehicular accidents were the commonest mode of injuries. Liver was commonly injured. Both liver and spleen were injured in only 3 patients. 20 out of the injured 51 patients received blood transfusion and majority of them had high grade injuries. The severity of injuries was graded with both USG abdomen and CT scan of the abdomen. There was not much difference in grading of liver and splenic injuries by Ultrasound and CT scan.Conclusions: Blunt liver and splenic injuries were commonly seen in young males. Blood transfusion was required in patients with high grade injuries. USG abdomen can be safely used to grade injuries without much discrepancy when compared to CT abdomen.
Correlation of decayed, missing and filled teeth with risk factors for dental caries in children attending outpatient department in tertiary care hospital
Authors: Arunagirinathan V. , Venkatesh P.
Published: May 2019

Background: Oral health is of vital importance to humans’ general health. Despite the marked improvement in oral health, caries occurs in both developed and developing countries worldwide. The patient’s age is important for determining caries risk. Special attention must be paid to children’s oral health when deciduous teeth start erupting and occlusion has formed in 2 to 3-year-old children. To assess the correlation of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft/DMFT) with risk factors for dental caries in children and with knowledge, attitude, and practices of parents regarding dental caries.Methods: Cross-sectional study included 96 children with dental caries attending paediatric outpatient department of Government Stanley Medical College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India between 2018 March to November. Clinical evaluation, dmft score, and knowledge, attitude and practices of parents were assessed using pre-formed questionnaire.Results: Patients with high dmft score were found to have low practice score with the Pearson correlation coefficient(r) value -0.41 and P value was 0.01. Corresponding values of knowledge and attitude were not statistically significant. Children who nap/sleep with bottle/pacifier have increased risk (P value-0.01).Conclusions: An oral health risk assessment should be done periodically by Paediatrician who has regular contact with children for early identification of dental caries, to impart healthy oral practices and make them aware of preventive measures.
Delegitimizing the Communist Past and Building a New Sense of Community: The Politics of Transitional Justice and Memory in Ukraine
Authors: Myshlovska Oksana
Published: May 2019

This article studies the way in which the crimes of the communist regime have been dealt with since the late Soviet period, and the way the legacies of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (UPA) have been subject to reevaluation. During the Soviet period, policies such as the rehabilitation of victims of mass repression were initiated from above, while the documentation of human rights violations and revelations of mass repressions and death by hunger were undertaken by the dissident movement from below. Since the late perestroika period, the focus on the crimes of the communist regime has been used by the opposition in Ukraine in the struggle for the restitution of group rights. Affirmative action concerning the Ukrainian language, culture and history was seen as the restoration of historical justice. This resulted most recently in the adoption of so-called ‘decommunization’ laws, which has been a controversial and contested issue in Ukraine. The article discusses the factors that shaped the way Ukraine has handled the communist past and constructed new narratives, and reflects on the reason why a ‘politics of regret’ has not resonated yet with political actors involved in the state legitimization struggle.
Enlightenment and Counter-Enlightenment in Spanish America. Debating Historiographic Categories
Authors: Breña Roberto , Puga Gabriel Torres
Published: May 2019

This article gives an overview of the historiographic revolution that the study of the Enlightenment has gone through in the last fifteen years in the Western world and assesses part of the recent bibliography on the Spanish and Spanish American Enlightenments. It is also a critical analysis not only of Jonathan Israel’s perspective on the Spanish American Enlightenment, but mainly, in a more general sense, of the a-critical application of the categories ‘Enlightenment’ and ‘Counter- Enlightenment’ to Spain and, particularly, to the Spanish American case. As the Spanish American Enlightenment shows, this was a social and intellectual process with a series of peculiarities or specificities that complicate the indiscriminate application of the aforementioned categories. A critical review of Israel’s interpretation of the Spanish American Enlightenment and especially the ambiguous character of the Spanish American Counter-Enlightenment brings to the fore the need for a more subtle and profound debate on these issues.
Risk Assessment of Releasing Flammable Material from Liquefied Petroleum Gas Tanks by Bowtie Method and Vulnerability Zoning by PHAST Software
Authors: RAMEZANI KHOSHNAMEH Mohammad Kazem , MIRZA EBRAHIM TEHRANI Mahnaz , BABAYI MESDARAGHI Yousef
Published: May 2019

Introduction: The release of storage tanks' contents can lead to consequences such as BLEVE, explosions, fires, etc. Therefore, identifying the causes of content release, determining the scenarios, consequences, and possibility of incidents are required to prevent possible accidents. Moreover, the vulnerability and safety ranges should be determined to minimize the losses.
Methods: In this research, the Bowtie method was used to evaluate the risk caused by the pressurized reservoirs. After identifying the risks of process hazards and determining the main, middle, and base events, the fault tree was mapped. Then, the events probability was calculated. In the next step, the event tree was designed to determine different scenarios of events and identify the consequences of each incident. Later, the probability of consequences was calculated. The Bowtie diagram was designed in the next step. Finally, the vulnerability zone was determined for each of the consequences using the PHAST software.
Results: Considering the Bowtie's analysis, a total of 27 events including 21 base events, six mid events were determined. Furthermore, 15 minimal counts along with their event probabilities and importance were identified. In this regard, nine outcomes and scenarios were determined along with their probabilities. The widest human vulnerability zone was related to cloud and steam explosions.
Conclusion: Leakage from the reservoir and connections, overflow, and PRVs are among the important defects of liquefied petroleum gas reservoirs. Considering the high probability of consequences and in order to prevent from the severity and damages of accidents, systems such as cooling system and fire stop system are required in the unit.
Health, Safety, and Environment Hazard Analysis in Iran Yasa Rubber Industry Using the HEMP& BOW-TIE Approach
Authors: KARAMI Javad , KARIMI Saeid
Published: May 2019

Background: The tire industry is a pivot point in the transportation fleet of any country and tire is considered as a strategic commodity. Considering that about 15,000 people work in this industry, it is one of the most powerful intermediary industries between petrochemical and automobile industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the health, safety, and environment (HSE) hazards of the YASA Rubber Industry based on a combined approach of HEMP and BOW-TIE.
Methods: The HSE management team identified and assessed the industry's risks. After determining the level of unacceptable risks in HEMP, hierarchical analyses (AHP) was conducted and risks were prioritized. Later, BOW-TIE software provided control measures and necessary barriers.
Results: The findings of this study showed that the risks of high volume of flammable materials, loading operations with overhead cranes, electricity, load at height, and fracturing were very high. The AHP method indicated that ignition had the highest risk (0.50).
Conclusion: To deal with high risks in the factory, control barriers and effective measures should be conducted according to the standards and safe methods for the critical industries in rubber industry.
The Intensity of Elementary Schools' Lighting in Ahvaz City Compared with the Standard Values in 2017
Authors: FOULADI Behzad , MOSAVIANASL Zeinab , SHEGERD Mojtaba , PORESH Khadije , SARI Hanan
Published: May 2019

Introduction: Desirable lighting is of the main factors in educational spaces. It is clear that schools with inadequate lighting cause great musculoskeletal injuries, vision problems, neurological and learning problems in students. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the lighting intensity of elementary schools in Ahvaz city and to compare it with the standard values in 2017.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out among the elementary schools in the eastern area of Ahvaz. A number of classes and halls were selected from each school by cluster sampling method. Then, the intensity of general lighting was measured using a network method. The 1339 Tes brightness measuring instrument was used to measure the general and local illumination. Finally, data were analyzed by Excel software.
Results: The results showed that the average brightness intensity was lower than the recommended standard in 75 percent of classes and 62.5 percent of  halls. In terms of lighting conditions, girls' schools were more undesirable compared with boys' schools. Moreover, measurement of localized lighting on boards and tables showed that only 12.5 percent of classrooms had a good condition.
Conclusion: The inappropriate and faulty sources of lighting systems have led to a non-uniform distribution of lighting in schools. Therefore, in order to improve the level of students' health and learning, lighting systems should be corrected to achieve appropriate illumination in accordance with the standard values in schools.
Social Determinants of Indigenous Health and Indigenous Rights in Policy: A Scoping Review and Analysis of Problem Representation
Authors: George Emma , Mackean Tamara , Baum Fran , Fisher Matt
Published: May 2019

Despite evidence showing the importance of social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights for health and equity, they are not always recognised within policy. This scoping review identified research on public policy and Indigenous health through a systematic search. Key themes identified included the impact of ongoing colonisation; the central role of government in realising rights; and the difficulties associated with the provision of mainstream services for Indigenous Peoples, including tokenism towards Indigenous issues and the legacy of past policies of assimilation. Our approach to problem representation was guided by Bacchi (2009). Findings from the review show social determinants of Indigenous health and Indigenous rights may be acknowledged in policy rhetoric, but they are not always a priority for action within policy implementation.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitory Properties of Silver(I) Complexes of Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: KARATAŞ Mert Ogun , ERGÜN Adem
Published: May 2019

The antimicrobial properties of silver compounds
and biological properties of benzimidazole derivatives have been well known for
many years. In the present study, in terms of their biological potential, six
novel silver(I)-N-alkylbenzimidazole derivatives were synthesized in order to
examine their carbonic anhydrase (CA) inhibitory properties. All complexes were
characterized by the combination of 1H NMR, 13C NMR, mass, FT-IR spectroscopic
methods and elemental analyses. The inhibitory properties of all complexes were
tested on the esterase activity of human CA I and II (hCA I and hCA II).
Acetazolamide was used as a standard. All complexes inhibited the hCA I and hCA
II activity in the range of 27.37-29.58 µM and 20.93-27.25 µM, respectively.
Gestão do tempo e oportunidades de aprender na metrópole de São Paulo: uma análise de duas escolas situadas em territórios vulneráveis
Authors: Marcucci Fernanda , Lemos Vóvio Claudia , Reis Kasmirski Paula , Damasio Araújo Mello Hivy
Published: May 2019

Analisa-se a arquitetura temporal de duas escolas públicas municipais paulistanas localizadas em território socialmente vulnerável, uma das facetas relativas à equidade na educação. O estudo qualitativo, com inspiração etnográfica, focalizou turmas de 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental dessas escolas. Concentrou-se no manejo do tempo diante das determinações legais, especificamente naquele atribuído às aulas e ao ensino de língua portuguesa. Os resultados indicam dissemelhanças perante o estabelecido por essa rede municipal de ensino, o que denota desigualdade na distribuição de oportunidades educativas. Tendo em vista o que a literatura aponta sobre a distribuição de conhecimento escolar, em que alunos provenientes de meios mais desfavorecidos possuem desvantagens, a gestão do tempo tende a ser fundamental tanto na distribuição de oportunidades para todos realizarem aprendizados estabelecidos quanto no enfrentamento das desigualdades educacionais, que reproduzem desigualdades socioespaciais.
Kryminał w literaturze polskiej XIX wieku. Kilka uwag
Authors: Ruszczyńska Marta
Published: May 2019

Tematem artykułu jest próba opisu warunków, które ukształtowały polski kryminał w XIX stuleciu. Autorka bierze pod uwagę kontekst kryminału zachodnioeuropejskiego i jego wzorce literackie oraz kulturowe. Kładzie również nacisk na przemiany społeczno-polityczne pierwszej połowy XIX wieku w Europie. Jednak zestawiając ową sytuację z warunkami, które ukształtowały polską fikcję kryminalną dostrzega wyraźne różnice. Dotyczą one sfery kulturowej, a przede wszystkim warunków historyczno-politycznych związanych z czasem zniewolenia. Sytuacja życia pod zaborami stworzyła szereg ograniczeń widocznych choćby w kreacji postaci detektywa jak i rozwiązań fabularnych samej powieści, w której triumf sprawiedliwości w klasycznej postaci bywa znacznie ograniczony. Polska fikcja kryminalna tego czasu jest dość ściśle związana z ówczesną kulturą. Powstanie tego gatunku w literaturze polskiej nie jest dziełem jednego autora, ale wypadkową wielu działań. Jednak przede wszystkim autorka postrzega jego związki z polityką i historią.
Kilka uwag na marginesie powieści kryminalnych Walerego Przyborowskiego
Authors: Berkan-Jabłońska Maria
Published: May 2019

Artykuł nawiązuje do poglądów głoszących pionierstwo Walerego Przyborowskiego w polskiej prozie kryminalnej XIX wieku. Na podstawie powieści Przyborowskiego Liść akacji i Czarna godzina, zestawionych dla porównania z The Dead Secret i The Lady and the Law Wilkie Collinsa, analizowana jest kwestia oryginalności i naśladownictwa prozy detektywistycznej polskiego autora. Tezę o tym, że jest on prekursorem polskiej literatury kryminalnej, można nadal uznać za aktualną, ale opinie o innowacyjności i autentyczności jego utworów z tego kręgu tematycznego powinny ulec zmianie. Głównym celem artykułu jest przede wszystkim podkreślenie potrzeby wspólnych badań filologii polskiej i innych neofilologii tak, by dało się uchwycić wzajemne powiązania dziewiętnastowiecznej literatury popularnej w Europie.
Resistant gastric environment of Lactobacillus crispatus from stomach inhibits Helicobacter pylori colonization and attenuates gastric inflammation
Authors: Wang Ning , Mao Fang-yuan , Huang Wei-wei , Kong Hui , Shi Yun , Yang Zhi-bang , Zou Quan-ming , Li Yan , Guo Gang
Published: May 2019

Background

Recent studies have shown that gastric-derived Lactobacillus can inhibit the colonization of H. pylori and attenuate gastric inflammation in conventional animals, but the resistant of Lactobacillus to gastric environment is still unknown. Here, we aimed to screen the candidate Lactobacillus that could adapt to the harsh gastric environment and inhibit the colonization of H. pylori.

Results

In vitro, the growth rate of seven Lactobacillus strains in different pH and bile salt concentration were tested, the size of inhibition zone and adhesion rate of H. pylori when Lactobacillus exist were measured. In gnotobiotic mice models, we examined the amount of colonization of L. crispatus and H. pylori by qRT-PCR and evaluated the inflammation in the gastric tissue by the content of MPO and H&E stain. In vitro experiments showed L. crispatus had a better growth rate than other six Lactobacilluses in pH 2.5 to 4.5; under the 0.2% bile salt concentration, other bacteria did not grow except for L. crispatus; L. crispatus yielded 24.2 mm of mean inhibitory zone diameters; the adhesion rate of H. pylori only reached 41.3% in H. pylori-L. crispatus group(HLG). In vivo, the amount of colonization of H. pylori in HLG is fifteen times less than that in H. pylori group (HG) (p < 0.05); the MPO value of HG was 1.4 times that of HLG; the gastric tissue inflammation of HLG was obviously lighter than HG. L. crispatus may be an adjunctive therapy for treating H. pylori- associated disease in clinic.

Conclusions

L. crispatus has resistance to low acid and high bile salts environment and it inhibits the growth of H. pylori and the subsequent inﬂammation H. pylori caused in gnotobiotic Kunming mice model, which suggest the potential of developing L. crispatus as clinical agents.
Prevalence of Class 1 Integron and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Iranian Clinical Specimens; a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Zarifi Elham , Kaliji Yasamin Enayati , Khaledi Azad , Rahimi Mohammadreza , Babadi Mahtab
Published: May 2019

Background
The role of integrons has been shown in the horizontal transmission of antibiotic resistance genes among bacterial isolates especially Gram-negative microorganisms in clinical settings. Objectives
The aim of this study was to systematically review the prevalence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates of clinical samples of Iranian patients.
Methods
The Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were searched using preferred keywords based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The cross-sectional studies addressing the frequency of class 1 integrons and antibiotic‑resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from clinical samples of Iranian patients published from 1 January 2000 until 31 December 2018 were included. Meta-analysis was performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis¬ (CMA) software. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis. The Cochran’s Q and I2 tests were applied for statistical analyses. Publication bias was assessed using Funnel plot and Egger’s linear regression test.
Results
Out of 911 studies retrieved in the initial search, 17 articles met the eligibility standards for being included in the meta-analysis. The Egger’s linear regression test indicated no publication bias (P = 0.95). The combined prevalence of class 1 integrons in P. aeruginosa isolates was obtained as 58.9% (95% CI: 46.3–70.4%). The highest rate of combined antibiotic resistance was related to Carbenicillin with a resistance rate of 79.9%. On the other side, the most effective antibiotic against P. aeruginosa was Polymyxin B with the resistance rate of 0%. The pooled prevalence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa isolates was 55% (¬95% CI: 33.8-75.3%).
Conclusions
Our findings indicated the high prevalence of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance among P. aeruginosa isolates of Iranian patients’ clinical samples. Also, the prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates was noticeable requiring prompt action.
Application of a self-designed inspiratory impedance threshold device in cardiopulmonary resuscitation in three porcine models of cardiac arrest
Authors: Li Chao , Gu Hai-Fei , He Xiao-Li , Zhang Yu , Min Jie-Qing , Huang Lei , Zhang Ming , Cheng Li-Ming , Wu Ji-Lin , Du Wen-Kang , Li Li
Published: May 2019

Background: To evaluate and compare the efficiency of a self-designed inspiratory impedance threshold device in cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in the porcine models of cardiac arrest established by three approaches. Methods: Twenty healthy pigs were randomly assigned into the control group (n=5), model 1 (n=5), model 2 (n=5) and model 3 (n=5) groups. Following anesthesia induction, endotracheal tube was inserted and connected to the anesthesia machine. In the three model groups, pigs received intravenous injection of ketamine (model 1), MgSO4 (model 2) and KCl (model 3), and subsequently pig models of cardiac arrest were established. Manual closed-chest CPR was performed at 80 bpm with the self-designed inspiratory impedance threshold device in the model groups and without this device in the control group. After 2-, 6- and 10-min CPR, the heart rate and hemodynamic parameters including arterial blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, end-diastolic volume and cardiac output were quantitatively measured. The Esophageal echocardiography and blood-gas analyses were performed. Results: After CPR, the mean arterial blood pressure, end-diastolic volume and cardiac output in three model groups were significantly higher compared with those in the control group (all P<0.05). In model 2 group, the stroke volume, cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, SPO2 and PCO2 levels and blood-gas parameters were the highest among three model groups (all P<0.05). Conclusions: The self-invented inspiratory impedance threshold device yields the highest efficiency in the porcine model of cardiac arrest established by intravenous infusion of MgSO4 by increasing the cardiac output during CPR compared with the remaining two pig models.