bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Editorial
Authors: Carvalho Aline Vieira de , Schossler Joana Carolina
Published: July 2020

Em tempos tão difíceis se torna crucial encontrarmos espaços que permitam a pulsão da vida. O termo vindo da psicanálise é genérico, sabemos, controverso, com toda certeza, mas há algo nele que pode nos acenar para o presente e para o futuro. Em meio a tantos discursos de ódio, morte e miséria, é preciso encontrarmos algum sentido para o amanhã. Esses sentidos estão tanto na garantia de nossos direitos básicos, como educação, saúde, alimentação, moradia digna, entre outros previstos em nossa Carta Constituinte de 1988, mas também podem ser inventados em nossas pesquisas, em nossas salas de aula, nas artes, no compartilhar um sentido comum com uma comunidade, entre inúmeras outras possibilidades. A pulsão da vida pode ser alimentada pelos nossos desejos de construção do presente e do futuro melhor (e para nós, autoras desse Editorial, o melhor significa mais justo, igualitário e inclusivo para todos).
Tears in rain
Authors: Correia Isabel Maria Sabino
Published: July 2020

O convite para expor numa cidade na periferia de Lisboa suscita um projeto artístico sobre um local determinado: um cinema em ruínas chamado Lido. Dos factos ao potencial semântico, gera-se um paradigma conceptual para um conjunto de pinturas anteriores e recentes e uma série de colagens novas. Este texto é sobre esse projeto em mediação com o local. É, também, sobre a coexistência, em pintura contemporânea, de uma dupla dinâmica entre a energia vital e a pulsão melancólica. Quando é o próprio olhar que gera a obra, a questão essencial centra-se na relação com a realidade, o que do mundo persiste nela e como se lida com tudo isso. Este é, pois, um caso dessa lida constante.
Nilai dalam Pendidikan Seks bagi Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Rahmawati Ratih
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai-nilai dan pendidikan seks untuk anakanak. Nilai-nilai dalam pendidikan seks sangat penting. Termasuk nilai-nilai keluarga, kasihsayang keluarga bahkan guru-guru di sekolah. Anak-anak perlu mendapatkan jawabanyang benar dari orang dewasa, orang tua, dan guru. Peran mereka adalah membimbing,merawat, mengajar dan lain-lain. pendidikan seks tidak hanya menjalaskan seksualitasmanusia tentang Biologi atau Sosial tetapi juga untuk memberikan wawasan luas tentangseksualitas dalam nilai-nilai. Tujuannya adalah mencegah tubuh dari pelecehan seksual.Selain itu, membantu anak-anak membangun bahwa seksualitas itu tetap bernilai.
Contrôle photopériodique de la reproduction
Authors: MALPAUX B. , VIGUIE C. , THIERY J.C. , CHEMINEAU P.
Published: July 2020

Les variations annuelles de la durée du jour, ou photopériode, sont responsables de l’alternance entre une saison sexuelle et une saison de repos sexuel dans la plupart des espèces animales. Selon sa durée, la photopériode peut exercer une action stimulante ou inhibitrice sur l’activité de reproduction. Toutefois, en l’absence d’information photopériodique, l’animal exprime un rythme endogène de reproduction et le rôle principal de la photopériode dans les conditions naturelles semble être de synchroniser ce rythme interne des animaux.
L’information lumineuse est perçue par la rétine et, après un trajet nerveux, elle est transformée en un signal endocrinien, le rythme de sécrétion de mélatonine. Cette hormone est sécrétée uniquement pendant la nuit. La mélatonine agit au niveau du système nerveux central pour modifier la sécrétion pulsatile de LHRH. Son action sur les neurones à LHRH n’est pas directe mais met en jeu des interneurones. Par ailleurs, la modification de sécrétion de LHRH est observable avec un délai important par rapport au changement du rythme de sécrétion de mélatonine, de 40 à 60 jours chez la brebis. Les modifications de sécrétion de LHRH induisent à leur tour des changements de sécrétion des gonadotropines et en conséquence des variations d’activité des gonades
Elevage du cerf (Cervus elaphus) dans l’ouest de la France. Résultats techniques et économiques
Authors: BENOIT M. , BRELURUT A.
Published: July 2020

Les données techniques et économiques de dix élevages de Cerfs de l’Ouest de la France ont été enregistrées de 1991 à 1994. Ces élevages, récents, comptent en moyenne 60 biches, et constituent, à une exception près, une diversification des activités des exploitations. Au cours des quatre années d’enquête, on observe une grande variabilité des résultats entre élevages, et une chute des performances zootechniques moyennes (de 0,81 faon sevré/biche/an en 1992 à 0,68 en 1994) vraisemblablement liée au chargement élevé des enclos qui peut atteindre 14 biches/ha (7 UGB/ha). Les animaux pour la viande, qui représentent 68% des sujets vendus, sont en majorité commercialisés à la ferme. Les prix de vente aux grossistes diminuent fortement durant la période (de 77 à 50 F/kg de carcasse) alors que les ventes de reproducteurs s’essoufflent.
La marge brute passe de 2408 F/biche en 1992 à 1394 F en 1994, suite à la baisse des prix de vente et à la dégradation des performances. Une marge équivalente à celle des élevages allaitants bovin ou ovin exigerait une productivité de 0,85 faon sevré/biche/an et un prix de vente de 60 F/kg de carcasse.
La réussite technique est conditionnée par une conduite adaptée aux spécificités du Cerf et par un chargement réduit des enclos. Par ailleurs, le faible potentiel de productivité de cette espèce d’origine sauvage et l’absence d’aides financières spécifiques nécessitent un prix de vente élevé des produits qui peut être, en l’absence de filière organisée, obtenu dans le cadre d’activités agrotouristiques basées sur l’élevage du Cerf.
Apports énergétiques et croissance du porc
Authors: QUINIOU N.
Published: July 2020

L’objectif de cet article est d’étudier les conséquences d’une variation des apports énergétiques sur la croissance du porc. La première partie est consacrée à la présentation des facteurs de variation de la nature du gain de poids intrinsèques à l’animal (poids vif, génotype, sexe). La seconde partie a pour objectif de faire le point des connaissances actuelles sur les conséquences d’une variation des apports d’énergie sur la croissance. Il en ressort que les lois de réponse des dépôts, tant chimiques que tissulaires, en fonction des apports d’énergie, diffèrent entre les types de porcs selon leur potentiel de croissance. En particulier, les dépôts de protéines et de tissu maigre augmentent avec les apports d’énergie suivant une relation linéaire-plateau dont les paramètres sont affectés par le génotype, le type sexuel et le poids vif. Parallèlement, les dépôts de lipides et de tissu adipeux augmentent linéairement avec les apports d’énergie, la pente de cette relation n’étant affectée ni par le génotype ni par le type sexuel dans un intervalle de poids donné. Il en résulte des différences relativement importantes entre les types de porcs en terme de gain de poids associé à l’apport d’énergie (de 19 à 41 g par MJ supplémentaire d’énergie digestible ingérée).
Différenciation musculaire au cours du développement foetal et néonatal chez les bovins normaux et culards
Authors: PICARD B. , GAGNIERE H. , LISTRAT A. , ROBELIN J. , GEAY Y.
Published: July 2020

Cet article fait partie du dossier : Le déterminisme génétique du développement musculaire
Proteotoxic Stress and Cell Death in Cancer Cells
Authors: Brancolini Claudio , Iuliano Luca
Published: July 2020

To maintain proteostasis, cells must integrate information and activities that supervise protein synthesis, protein folding, conformational stability, and also protein degradation. Extrinsic and intrinsic conditions can both impact on normal proteostasis, causing the appearance of proteotoxic stress. Initially, proteotoxic stress elicits adaptive responses aimed to restore proteostasis, allowing cells to survival the stress condition. However, if the proteostasis restoration fails, a permanent and sustained proteotoxic stress can be deleterious and cell death ensues. Many cancer cells convive with high levels of proteotoxic stress and this condition could be exploited in a therapeutic perspective. Understanding the cell death pathways engaged by proteotoxic stress is instrumental to better hijack the proliferative fate of cancer cells.
Neuroscience Needs Ethology: The Marked Example of the Moth Pheromone System
Authors: Thevenon Herve
Published: July 2020

The key premise of translational studies is that knowledge gained in one animal species can be transposed to other animals. So far translational bridges have mainly relied on genetic and physiological similarities, in experimental setups where behaviours and environment are often oversimplified. These simplifications were recently criticised for decreasing the intrinsic value of the published results. The inclusion of wild behaviour and rich environments in neuroscience experimental designs is difficult to achieve because no animal model has it all. As an example, the genetic toolkit of moths species is virtually non-existent when compared to C. elegans, rats, mice, or zebrafish, however the balance is reversed for wild behaviours. The ethological knowledge gathered about the moth was instrumental for designing natural-like auditory stimuli, that were used in association with electrophysiology in order to understand how moths use these variable sounds produced by their predators in order to trump death. Conversely, we are still stuck with understanding how male moths make sense of their complex and diffuse olfactory landscape in order to locate conspecific females up to several hundred meters away, and precisely identify a conspecific in a sympatric swarm in order to reproduce. This systemic review articulates the ethological knowledge pertaining to this unresolved problem and leverages the paradigm to gain insight into how male moths process sparse and uncertain environmental sensory information.
Animal Food Allergens Share the Formation of IgE-binding Amyloids
Authors: Pérez-Tavarez Raquel , Castellanos Milagros , Loli-Ausejo David , Pedrosa María , Hurtado José Luis , Rodriguez-Pérez Rosa , Gasset Maria
Published: July 2020

Several animal food allergens assembly into amyloids under gastric-like environments. These aggregated structures provide Gad m 1 with an enhanced IgE interaction due to the amyloid assembly of the epitope regions. However, whether these properties are unique of Gad m 1 or common to other food allergens has not yet been addressed. Using Bos d 5, Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 as food allergen models and Gad m 1 as control, aggregation reactions and the sera of milk, egg and fish allergic patients we have analyzed the IgE interaction of the distinct amyloids. We found that amyloids formed by Bos d 12 and Gal d 2 full-length and truncated chains are recognized by the IgEs of milk and egg allergic patient sera. As with Gad m 1, in most cases amyloid recognition is higher than that of the precursor structure. Bos d 5 was not recognized under any fold by the IgE of the sera studied. These results support that formation of IgE-binding amyloids might be a common feature to animal food allergen.
The Minor Matrix Protein VP24 from Ebola Virus Lacks Direct Lipid-Binding Properties
Authors: Su Yuan , Stahelin Robert V.
Published: July 2020

Viral protein 24 (VP24) from Ebola virus (EBOV) was first recognized as a minor matrix protein that associates with cellular membranes. However, more recent studies shed light on its roles in inhibiting viral genome transcription and replication, facilitating nucleocapsid assembly and transport, and interfering with immune responses in host cells through downregulation of interferon (IFN)-activated genes. Thus, whether VP24 is a peripheral protein with lipid binding ability for matrix layer recruitment has not been explored. Here we examined the lipid binding ability of VP24 with a number of lipid binding assays. The results indicated that VP24 lacked the ability to associate with lipids tested regardless of VP24 posttranslational modifications. We further demonstrate that the presence of the EBOV major matrix protein VP40 did not promote VP24 membrane association in vitro or in cells. Further, no protein-protein interactions between VP24 and VP40 were detected by co-immunoprecipitation. Confocal imaging and cellular membrane fractionation analyses in human cells suggested VP24 did not specifically localize at the plasma membrane inner leaflet. Overall, we provide evidence that EBOV VP24 is not a lipid binding protein and its presence in the viral matrix layer is likely not dependent on direct lipid interactions.
Progress of MOF Derived Functional Materials toward Industrialization in Solar Cells and Metal-Air Batteries
Authors: Hilal Mohamed Elhousseini , Aboulouard Abdelkhalek , Akbar Abdul Rehman , Younus Hussein A. , Horzum Nesrin , Verpoort Francis
Published: July 2020

The cutting-edge photovoltaic cells are an indispensable part of the ongoing progress of earth-friendly plans for daily life energy consumption. However, the continuous electrical demand that extends to the night time requires a prior deployment of efficient real-time storage systems. In this regard, metal-air batteries have presented themselves as the most suitable candidates for solar energy storage, combining extra lightweight with higher power outputs and promises of longer life cycles. Scientific research over non-precious functional catalysts has always been the milestone and still contributing significantly to exploring new advanced materials and moderating the cost of both complementary technologies. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) derived functional materials have found their way to the application as storage and conversion materials, owing to their structural variety, porous advantages, as well as the tunability and high reactivity. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the latest progress of MOF-based materials operating in metal-air batteries and photovoltaic cells.
Traditional knowledge of the fishermen community of Indian Sundarbans: An assessment of rationality and effectiveness
Authors: Roy Aparna , Sinha Archana , Manna Ranjan K. , Aftabuddin M. D. , Das Sanjay K.
Published: July 2020

The present paper describes various Indigenous Technical Knowledge (ITK) of the fishermen community of Indian Sundarbans in West Bengal documented during the period from 2013 to 2015. A total of eleven ITKs were documented including therapeutic value of fish with special reference to small indigenous fishes (SIF) and were categorised based on their uses. Effectiveness and rationality were assessed based on the view of the experts as well as that of fishers. The study indicated that seven ITKs documented were rational and effective. Those valid ITKs include four types of unique fishing methods; fish as special energy booster; methods to support natural fish breeding and fish marketing. Remaining four ITKs, like use of fishes to address unique human health issues, method to reduce mortality during prawn seed transport and behaviour of fish for forecasting extreme climatic events, although appeared as irrational and less effective as per the view of experts, fishers are practicing them and hence demand special attention for proper validation, improvement and popularisation in the context of changing regional resource structure and stakeholders’ needs.
Effect of salinity on growth, survival and biochemical alterations in the freshwater fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822)
Authors: Sharma Kamal , Dey A. , Kumar Santosh , Chaudhary B. K. , Mohanty S. , Kumar Tarakeshwar , Prasad S. S. , Bhatt B. P.
Published: July 2020

Salinity tolerance in Labeo rohita (Hamilton 1822) fingerling was conducted for 96 h using a static, non-renewal system and LC50 determined for 48 and 96 h of exposure were 9.60 and 7.72‰ with standard deviation 9.27-9.93 and 7.41-8.03‰, respectively. For sublethal study, 0, 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5‰ were selected to assess the chronic effect of salinity on this species. At the end of 90 days of exposure, it was found that the average weight gain was maximum at 0‰ followed by 2.5‰, then 3.5‰ and the least at 4.5‰. Similarly, highest mortality (43.75%) was recorded in fishes exposed to 4.5‰ salinity and least (12.5%) at 2.5‰ at the end of 90 days of experiment. On termination of the experiment, ascorbic acid level was also found significantly reduced (p<0.05) in brain, liver and muscle tissues in fishes exposed to salinity stress. Oxygen consumption rate of fish was maximum at 2.5‰ salinity which gradually decreased with increase in salinity and the lowest was observed at 4.5‰. From results of the study, it can be concluded that with increase in salinity, the survival rate, growth and tissue ascorbic acid level in L. rohita decreases. These results clearly indicated that L. rohita is vulnerable when exposed to higher salinity for longer duration.
Cultural Resources Survey of the City of Hutto Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project, City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas
Authors: Gibson Anne , McCormick Joshua , Vandagriff Jamie , Stone Kevin
Published: July 2020

This report documents the substantive findings and management recommendations of a cultural resource inventory conducted by Integrated Environmental Solutions, LLC (IES) for the City of Hutto (COH) Transmission and Distribution Pumping Stations Phase I Project in the City of Hutto, Williamson County, Texas. As the COH is a political subdivision of the State of Texas, the COH is required to comply with the Antiquities Code of Texas (ACT). The goal of the survey was to locate, identify, and assess any cultural resources, which include standing buildings/structures and archeological sites that could be adversely affected by the proposed development, and to evaluate such resources for their potential eligibility for listing as a State Antiquities Landmark (SAL) or eligibility for listing in the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP).

The cultural resources inventory was conducted by Project Archeologist Anne Gibson and Archeological Field Technician Will Clow on 03 and 04 March 2020, under Texas Antiquities Permit No. 9196. The Area of Potential Effects (APE) encompasses approximately 6.63 acres (ac) and is comprised of three distinct APE areas. The Frame Switch Pumping Station (PS) is 1.2 ac in size and is located approximately 900 feet (ft) south of the intersection of Farm-to-Market Road (FM) 3349 and U.S. Highway (US) 79 midway between the City of Hutto and the City of Taylor. The Inline PS is 4.05 ac in size and is located southwest of the intersection of FM 112 and Williamson County Road (CR) 432. The Shiloh PS is 1.38 ac in size and is located approximately 1,700 ft southwest of the intersection of FM 481 and 482.

During the survey, a newly-recorded, historic-period site (41WM1419) was documented within the APE. Based on the lack of association with historically-important individuals or events, absence of significant architectural features, the degree of prior disturbance, and lack of contextual integrity, site 41WM1419 is recommended as not eligible for listing in the NRHP or designation as SALs. In addition, four historic-age architectural resources were identified within the indirect APE during this survey.

All records will be temporarily curated at the IES McKinney office and permanently curated at the Center for Archeological Research (CAR) at the University of Texas at San Antonio (UTSA). No further work is warranted. However, if any cultural resources, other than those documented within this report, are unearthed during construction, the operators should stop construction activities, and immediately contact the project environmental representative to initiate coordination with the THC prior to resuming any construction activities.
Recurrent Sequence Evolution After Independent Gene Duplication
Authors: Dunk Samuel Hermann Alexander Von Der , Snel Berend
Published: July 2020

Background Convergent and parallel evolution provide unique insights into the mechanisms of natural selection. Some of the most striking convergent and parallel (collectively recurrent ) amino acid substitutions in proteins are adaptive, but there are also many that are selectively neutral. Accordingly, genome-wide assessment has shown that recurrent sequence evolution in orthologs is chiefly explained by nearly neutral evolution. For paralogs, more frequent functional change is expected because additional copies are generally not retained if they do not acquire their own niche. Yet, it is unknown to what extent recurrent sequence differentiation is discernible after independent gene duplications in different eukaryotic taxa. Results We develop a framework that detects patterns of recurrent sequence evolution in duplicated genes. This is used to analyze the genomes of 90 diverse eukaryotes. We find a remarkable number of families with a potentially predictable functional differentiation following gene duplication. In some protein families, more than ten independent duplications show a similar sequence-level differentiation between paralogs. Based on further analysis, the sequence divergence is found to be generally asymmetric. Moreover, about 6\% of the recurrent sequence evolution between paralog pairs can be attributed to recurrent differentiation of subcellular localization. Finally, we reveal the specific recurrent patterns for the gene families Hint1/Hint2, Sco1/Sco2 and vma11/vma3. Conclusions The presented methodology provides a means to study the biochemical underpinning of functional differentiation between paralogs. For instance, two abundantly repeated substitutions are identified between independently derived Sco1 and Sco2 paralogs. Such identified substitutions allow direct experimental testing of the biological role of these residues for the repeated functional differentiation. We also uncover a diverse set of families with recurrent sequence evolution and reveal trends in the functional and evolutionary trajectories of this hitherto understudied phenomenon.
Face mask use among individuals who are not medically diagnosed with COVID-19: A lack of evidence for and against and implications around public health recommendations.
Authors: Marasinghe Keshini Madara
Published: July 2020

IntroductionSince the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, public health professionals have been constantly making decisions on face mask use among individuals who are not medically diagnosed with COVID-19 or “healthy individuals” to limit the spread of COVID-19. While some countries have strongly recommended face masks for “healthy individuals”, other countries have recommended against it. Public health recommendations that have been provided to this population since the beginning of the outbreak have been controversial, contradicting, and inconsistent around the world. The purpose of this paper is to understand available evidence around the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of face mask use in limiting the spread of COVID-19 among individuals who have not yet been diagnosed with COVID-19 and most importantly, to understand the state of knowledge that the public health recommendations that have been provided since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak are based on.MethodsA systematic review was conducted to identify studies that investigated the use of face masks to limit the spread of COVID-19 among “healthy individuals”.ResultsNo studies were found, demonstrating a lack of evidence for and against face mask use suggesting implications around public health recommendations provided to “healthy individuals” since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak.ConclusionsThree and a half months into the COVID-19 outbreak (December 2019 – 2nd week of April 2020), there are no peer-reviewed scientific studies that have investigated the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of face mask use among “healthy individuals”. Yet, very strong public health recommendations have been provided on whether they should or should not wear face masks to limit the spread of COVID-19. A lack of scientific evidence heavily questions the basis of these public health recommendations provided at a very early, yet a crucial stage of an outbreak. This finding and a further look at public health recommendations conclude that there is a clear need for more concentrated research around face mask use among healthy individuals as well as public health recommendations that are evidence-based; precautionary in the absence of evidence; based on benefit-risk assessment; transparent; and globally aligned in order to provide the most successful guidelines during an infectious disease outbreak.
HTLV screening of blood donors using chemiluminescence immunoassay in three major provincial blood centers of China
Authors: Zhao Junpeng , Zhao Feixue , Han Wei , Xu Xiaoxuan , Wang Lilin , Li Ran , Li Tong , Wu Linfeng , Du Dandan , Zeng Xuezhen , Cui Xiujuan , Chen Yunlong , Zeng Jinfeng , Wang Lunan
Published: July 2020

Background: Human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) remains a major safety concern for blood supplies. Despite many HTLV positive cases being reported in southeastern China, the detection of HTLV has not been prioritized in routine blood screening. Additionally, data on the prevalence of HTLV infection among blood donors is also limited. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HTLV among blood donors in three Chinese provinces through their representative blood centers, to evaluate the feasibility of chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for blood screening.Methods: From November 2018 to March 2019, blood plasma samples were collected from Hebei, Changsha, and Shenzhen blood centers and were screened for the HTLV-1/2 antibody using a CLIA and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This was followed by confirmatory tests using INNO-LIA HTLV I/II.Results: A total of 59,929 blood donations were collected and screened for HTLV-1/2. The reactive rate of CLIA and ELISA among donations in the Shenzhen blood center (0.0943%, 27/28, 621) was higher than Hebei (0.0248%, 4/16,144), and Changsha (0.0198%, 3/15,164) (p < 0.05). After confirmation, 3 samples were confirmed as indeterminate for HTLV antibodies, and only one sample from the Shenzhen blood center was confirmed as HTLV-1. The overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 was 1.67 per 100 000 (1/59,929). The HTLV-infected blood came from a 32-year-old first-time female donor with a high school degree, who belonged to the SHE ethnic minority and was born in the Fujian province.Conclusions: In summary, the overall prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among blood donors in the three blood centers in China remains relatively low. However, blood donations with positive or indeterminate results for HTLV antibodies reminded us of the importance of HTLV screening among blood donors in China.
The Use of Innominate Artery Cannulation for Antegrade Cerebral Perfusion in Aortic Dissection
Authors: Payabyab Eden C , Hemli Jonathan M. , Mattia Allan , Kremers Alex , Vatsia Sohrab K. , Scheinerman S. Jacob , Mihelis Efstathia A , Hartman Alan R. , Brinster Derek R.
Published: July 2020

Background: Direct cannulation of the innominate artery for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion has been shown to be safe in elective proximal aortic reconstructions. We sought to evaluate the safety of this technique in acute aortic dissection. Methods: A multi-institutional retrospective review was undertaken of patients who underwent proximal aortic reconstruction for Stanford type A dissection between 2006 and 2016. Those patients who had direct innominate artery cannulation for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion were selected for analysis. Results: Seventy-five patients underwent innominate artery cannulation for ACP for Stanford Type A Dissections. Isolated replacement of the ascending aorta was performed in 36 patients (48.0%), concomitant aortic root replacement was required in 35 patients (46.7%), of whom 7 had a valve-sparing aortic root replacement, ascending aorta and arch replacement was required in 4 patients (5%). Other procedures included frozen elephant trunk (n = 11 (14.7%)), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 20 (26.7%)), and peripheral arterial bypass (n = 4 (5.3%)). Mean hypothermic circulatory arrest time was 19 ± 13 minutes. Thirty-day mortality was 14.7% (n = 11). Perioperative stroke occurred in 7 patients (9.3%).Conclusions: This study is the first comprehensive review of direct innominate artery cannulation through median sternotomy for selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in aortic dissection. Our experience suggests that this strategy is a safe and effective technique compared to other reported methods of cannulation and cerebral protection for delivering selective antegrade cerebral perfusion in these cases.
Pre- and Postoperative Parameters on Magnetic Resonance Imaging Predict Continence Recovery after Laparoscopic Radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zhang Fan , Yang Bin , Yan Ye , Hao Yichang , Huang Yi , Ma Lulin
Published: July 2020

Background: To evaluate the association between pre- and postoperative parameters on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and continence recovery after laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (LRP). To develop a risk scoring system for predicting continence recovery after LRP. Methods: 73 patients who underwent LRP were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic characteristics, clinicopathologic outcomes and several MRI parameters before and after surgery were evaluated. Continence was defined as no pad per day. Early continence recovery was defined as continence recovery within 3 months. Kaplan-Meier analyses and log-rank test were used to compare time to continence recovery. Cox proportional-hazards regression analyses were performed to identify independent predictors of continence recovery. Results: Patients with smaller prostatic volume, shorter intravesical prostatic protrusion length (IPPL), shorter preoperative membranous urethral length (MUL), lower MUL-removal rate, triangular vesicourethral anastomosis (VUA) and neurovascular bundle sparing experienced a faster continence recovery (All, p < 0.05). Multivariate analyses revealed IPPL (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.94, p = 0.044), preoperative MUL (HR: 1.10, p = 0.032), MUL-removal rate (HR: 0.91, p = 0.007) and shape of VUA (square vs. triangle, HR: 2.30, p = 0.012) were independent predictors of continence recovery. The four parameters were therefore used to develop a risk scoring system, termed Post-Prostatectomy Incontinence Score (PPIS) and ranging from 0 to 4. We observed early continence recovery in 100%, 84.6%, 27.8%, 0% and 0% of patients with a PPIS of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, respectively. Conclusion: IPPL, preoperative MUL, MUL-removal rate and shape of VUA were independently predictors of continence recovery. PPIS could accurately predict the early continence recovery after LRP.
Molecular characterization of Enterobacteriaceae producing β-lactamase and methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from the hospital environment and catheters in two public hospitals in Benin
Authors: GBOTCHE Elodie , DOUGNON Victorien Tamègnon , CHABI Yossounon , AGBANKPE Jerrold , DEGUENON Esther , SEDAH Paulin , FABIYI Kafayath , BABA-MOUSSA Lamine , AGBANGLA Clément , BANKOLE Honoré
Published: July 2020

Background: Antimicrobial resistance is a real public health problem. All over the world, it has a considerable impact in hospitals. The present study aims to analyze the presence of resistance genes and bacterial ecology in two hospitals in Benin. Methods: To do this, 146 environmental and catheter samples were collected at the University Hospital Center of Abomey-Calavi / So-Ava and at the Beninese Army Hospital. These samples were inoculated on Mannitol Salt and Eosin Methylene Blue agars. The colonies obtained were identified and their sensitivity to antibiotics was tested, using the usual bacteriological techniques. Four resistance genes encoding the production of extended spectrum beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M1, blaCTX-M2, blaCTX-M9, blaCTX-M15) have been searched in the genome of enterobacteriaceae strains. At the level of staphylococci, the gene coding for methicillin resistance (mecA) was sought.Results: At the end of this study, 69 strains of enterobacteria and 60 of staphylococci were identified. A predominance of Staphylococcus aureus (25.6%) followed by Enterobacter cloacae (21.0%) and coagulase negative staphylococci (21.0%) was noted. These bacterial strains showed to be multidrug-resistant, particularly to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and macrolides. Beta-lactamases were identified in the genome of bacterial strains with a predominance of blaCTX-M15 (42.8%). The frequency of the mecA gene in staphylococci was 50%.Conclusions: These results show the magnitude of the antimicrobial resistance situation in hospitals. They can be used to support advocacy for urgent action at the national level, especially with regard to the management and efficient use of antimicrobials in Benin.
Donor’s Motivation towards Providing Aid for Sustainable Initiatives: An Analysis of the Global Scenario
Authors: Irfan Zareena Begum , Baswapoor Srihitha
Published: July 2020

A substantial number of studies on development aid have explored the reasons for donor’s aid allocation decisions, but very few exist for the Sustainable Production and Consumption (SP&C) sector. This fails to provide evidence to policymakers to evaluate regarding inquiries about their allocative efficiency, equal allocation & rhetoric with regard to international commitment of Sustainable Production and Consumption. This study examines donors’ motivations to provide aid for the sustainable initiatives in general and sustainable production and consumption sector in particular using 35 donor and receptor countries worldwide between the time period 1992 and 2016. By examining four rational choice models, the results reveal that donors take into consideration their own self-interests as well as they cater to the recipients’ needs for allocation of aid. The study also finds that, more aid is given to countries with good governance capabilities and thus do not prioritize fragile states.
Janus 3D printed dynamic scaffolds for nanodeflection-driven bone regeneration
Authors: Camarero-Espinosa Sandra , Moroni Lorenzo
Published: July 2020

The application of physical stimuli to cell cultures has shown potential to modulate multiple cellular functions including migration, differentiation and survival. However, the relevance of these in-vitro models to future potential extrapolation in-vivo depends on whether stimuli can be applied “externally”, without invasive procedures. Here, we report on the fabrication and exploitation of dynamic additive-manufactured Janus scaffolds that are activated “on-command” via external application of ultrasounds, resulting in a mechanical nanodeflection that is transmitted to the surrounding cells. Janus scaffolds were spontaneously formed via phase-segregation of biodegradable polycapolactone (PCL) and polylactide (PLA) blends during the manufacturing process and behave as ultrasound transducers (acoustic to mechanical) where the PLA and PCL phases represent the active and backing materials, respectively. Remote stimulation of Janus scaffolds led to enhanced cell proliferation, matrix deposition and osteogenic differentiation of seeded bone marrow derived stromal cells (BMSCs) via formation and activation of voltage-gated calcium ion channels.
Actual time-series of single-cell transcriptomics reveals circadian clocks as key regulators of cell differentiation in Arabidopsis
Authors: Torii Kotaro , Inoue Keisuke , Bekki Keita , Haraguchi Kazuya , Kubo Minoru , Kondo Yuki , Suzuki Takamasa , Kubota Akane , Uemoto Kyohei , Shimizu Hanako , Saito Masato , Fukuda Hiroo , Araki Takashi , Endo Motomu
Published: July 2020

The basis of toti/pluripotency is elaborate regulation of cell-cycle progression and cell-fate determination. Circadian clocks are involved in this process, but the underlying mechanisms have not been studied due to technical limitations. In particular, there is a lack of research on the universality of cell differentiation mechanisms in multicellular organisms using plants with high cell-fate plasticity. Here, exploiting in vivo single-cell RNA sequencing and a new actual time reconstitution method, PeakMacth, we analyzed actual time-series of cell reprogramming and differentiation processes at single-cell resolution, and found that the circadian clock modulates cell differentiation via BES1-mediated GSK3 signaling, which has a β-catenin-like function in Arabidopsis. In this pathway, the clock gene LUX in meristematic stem cells directly targets the CYCD and RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED (RBR) genes, which are commonly involved in cell-cycle progression and cell-fate determination in plants and animals. In addition, the rhythmicity of the circadian clock was associated with cell state, and the establishment of the circadian rhythm preceded cell differentiation. Thus, our study not only reveals the involvement of the circadian clock in the differentiation of plant stem cells but also demonstrates functionally analogous features in the regulatory system of cell differentiation across species.
A biolabel research based on metabonomics reveals the therapeutic potentials of Herba Lysimachiae in synovial diseases
Authors: LI Xu-zhao , ZHANG Shuai-nan , LIU Qi , WANG Yu-mei
Published: July 2020

Background: Previous research has demonstrated that Herba Lysimachiae (HL) exerts the dual effects on platelet aggregation in the synovium, which may contribute to its protection against synovial lesions under different situations. However, the mechanism is unclear. In the present experiment, a biolabel research based on metabonomics was used to mine more information about the intervention of HL on synovium at the metabolite level, which may help to analyze the regulation of HL on synovial platelet aggregation and its possible treatment in synovial diseases. Methods: Synovial metabolic profiling was analyzed using a Shimadzu Nexera UHPLC LC-30A system and an AB SCIEX Triple TOF 4600 mass spectrometer. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to verify the biolabels analysis results. Results: Totally, thirteen common metabolites were differentially expressed after treating with HL, and implicated in 2 key pathways (arachidonic acid metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism). ELISA showed that HL up-regulated the expression of prostaglandins E1 and E2 in synovial tissues. Conclusions: This study reveals that HL may regulate the synovial platelet aggregation through prostaglandin E1/E2. Additionally, HL is suitable for treating synovial diseases, especially osteoarthritis, which may be associated with the platelet aggregation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, and carcinogenesis processes.
Comparison of Mycobacterium Avium Subsp. Paratuberculosis (MAP) Infection in Cattle, Sheep and Goats Following the Detection of Clinical Cases: Fact and Fiction
Authors: Borujeni Mahdi Pourmahdi , Hajikolaei Mohammad Rahim Haji , Ghorbanpoor Masoud , Sahar Hamzeh Elhaei , Bagheri Saeed , Roveyshedzadeh Sanaz
Published: July 2020

Background: Paratuberculosis or Johne's disease, caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), is chronic infectious granulomatous enteritis of ruminants, which has a worldwide occurrence. The most common symptoms of this disease in cattle are loss of milk production, weight loss, and diarrhea and in sheep and goats are emaciation, anorexia and sever disability. The aim of this study was to compare the seroprevalence of MAP in cattle, sheep and goats following the detection of clinical cases in Southwest of Iran. Blood samples were randomly collected from 530 cattle, 568 sheep and 368 goats in Southwest of Iran. Sera were tested by a commercial ELISA kit for detection of antibodies to MAP. Results: Overall apparent and true seroprevalence rate of MAP was 6% (95% CI: 4.9 – 7.3 percent) and 11.36% (95% CI: 9.87 – 13.07 percent), respectively. Apparent and true seroprevalence of MAP were 4.34% (95% CI: 2.88 – 6.46 percent) and 7.59% (95% CI: 5.61 – 10.19 percent), respectively in cattle, 6.87% (95% CI: 5.05 – 9.27 percent) and 13.34% (95% CI: 10.78 – 16.4 percent), respectively in sheep, and 7.07 %( 95% CI: 4.82 – 10.18 percent) and 13.68% (95% CI: 10.52 – 17.58 percent), respectively in goats. As a result, there was no significant relationship between species and MAP infection. Moreover, multivariate logistic regression showed that the infection rate is not associated with age, gender, and geographical location in cattle, sheep and goats (P>0.05). Conclusions: This study confirms that the seroprevalence of MAP following the detection of clinical cases is considerable in the cattle, sheep and goats in Southwest of Iran, although in cattle it is less than goats and sheep. Therefore, preventive and control measures should be considered by animal health authorities and meat and dairy processing units.
Unilateral Tubular Approach for Bilateral Laminotomy vs Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion for Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Authors: Lv Bin , Hu Minjie , Zhang Lei , Bi Shiqi
Published: July 2020

Background: Endoscopic techniques is considered to be the standard tissue sparing approach for surgical advantages, rapid rehabilitation, and instability prevention. PEID techniques were introduced to treat lumbar spinal stenosis. However, its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of moderate and severe lumbar stenosis is uncertain.Methods: Between June 2014 and June 2016, patients suffering from lumbar spinal stenosis underwent a bilateral laminotomy through a unilateral tubular approach. Demographics, intraoperative data, and patient-reported outcomes were ascertainedResults:There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the two groups. The statistically significant improvements in leg and back VAS scores were reported on the ipsilateral and the contralateral side (p<0.05, respectively). Analysis of VAS and ODI scores demonstrated no significant differences in improvement on both groups. There were no difference in radiographical and intraoperative outcomes during the follow-up period. Conclusions: Regarding the intraoperative data, and patient-reported outcomes, the PEID is a safety, and efficacy minimally invasive technique. This observation suggests that the PEID techniques were excellent or showed good results.
Early complications of preoperative external traction fixation in staged treatment of tibial fractures: a 402 cases series study
Authors: Yang Jiazhao , Zhu Wanbo , Dong Qirong
Published: July 2020

Background and Objective: Different external skeletal fixators have been widely used in preoperative traction of high-energy tibial fractures prior to a definitive surgical treatment. However, early complications associated with this staged treatment for traction and soft tissue injury recovery have rarely been discussed. This study aimed to analyze the early complications associated with preoperative external traction fixation in the staged treatment of tibial fractures.Materials and Methods: A total of 402 patients with high-energy tibial fractures treated using preoperative external traction fixation at a level-1 trauma center from 2014 to 2018 were enrolled in this retrospective study. Data regarding the demographic information, Tscherne soft tissue injury, fracture site, entry point placement, and duration of traction were recorded. Procedure-related complications such as movement and sensation disorder, vessel injury, discharge, infection, loosening, and iatrogenic fracture were analyzed.Results: The mean patient age was 42.5 (18–71) years and the mean duration of traction was 7.5 (0–26) days. In total, 19 (4.7%) patients presented with procedure-related complications, including technique-associated complications in 6 patients and nursing-associated complications in 13. Differences in the incidence of complications with respect to sex, affected side, soft tissue injury classification, and fracture sites were not observed. However, the number of complications due to hammer insertions was significantly fewer than those due to drill insertions (2.9% vs. 7.4%).Conclusion: The application of preoperative external traction fixation had been proved to be an ideal alternative treatment for high energy tibial fractures. In this study, we found the incidence of early complications of the fixation is low, and it is not significantly associated with the severity of soft tissue injury and fracture site. Although relatively rough and more likely to cause pain, complications of hammer insertions were significantly fewer than drill insertions. The possible reason was higher probability of heat damage and loosening by drilling.
The role of complete TURBT before radical cystectomy for organ-confined bladder cancer
Authors: Liang Hai-tao , Chen Zhuang-fei , Xu Zhan-ping , Lin Zhi-jun , Qin Zi-ke , Ye Yunlin
Published: July 2020

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of complete transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) before radical cystectomy.Patients and MethodsPatients who underwent radical cystectomy in our center from January 2008 to December 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Those with disease >T2N0M0 or positive surgical margin and those who were administrated neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy or radiotherapy were excluded. Complete TURBT was defined as no visible lesion under endoscopic examination after TURBT, presence of muscle layer in the specimen or no tumor in a specimen separated from the base. Kaplan–Meier and log-rank tests assessed disease-free survival. Logistic and Cox regression analysis were performed to identify potential predictors.ResultsIn total, 236 patients were included, and 207 patients were male. The median age was 61 years old. The median number and size were 1 and 3cm respectively, and maximal pathological T stage was T2 in 94 patients. Complete TURBT was related to tumor size (p=0.041), histological variants (p=0.026) and downstaging (p<0.001). Tumor size, grade and histological variants were independent predictors of complete TURBT. With a median follow-up of 42.7 months, 30 patients experienced recurrence. Age and histological variants were independent predictors of disease-free survival (p=0.027 and 0.041, respectively). Complete TURBT was associated with poor prognosis, however, the result was not significant (p=0.068). Downstaging was not associated with survival outcome.ConclusionsComplete TURBT is related to an increased rate of downstaging before radical cystectomy, and both of these factors did not improve oncological outcomes for patients with organ-confined bladder cancer.
Identification Of Both Shared And Specific Potential Molecular Mechanisms Of Arvc And Dcm Based On A Genome-Wide Microarray Dataset
Authors: Zhang Tang , Guan Yao-Zong , Liu Hao
Published: July 2020

Background: The study aimed to detect the shared differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and specific DEGs of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) as well as their pathways.Methods: The GSE29819 dataset was examined for the DEGs of ARVC vs. non-failing transplant donor hearts (NF), DCM vs. NF, and ARVC vs. DCM based on 6 patients with ARVC, 7 patients with DCM, and 6 non-failing transplant donor hearts that were never actually transplanted. The shared DEGs and specific DEGs were screened out using a Venn diagram. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) of the DEGs were determined using online analytical tools. Then, the modules and hub genes were identified using Cytoscape software.Results: A total of 684 shared DEGs of ARVC vs. NF and DCM vs. NF, 1371 specific DEGs of ARVC vs. NF, and 1075 specific DEGs of DCM vs. NF were identified. The shared DEGs were enriched in 63 biological processes (BP), 11 molecular functions (MF), 10 cellular components (CC), and 25 KEGG pathways. The DEGs of ARVC vs. DCM were enriched in 71 BPs, 19 MFs, 14 CCs, and 26 KEGG pathways. A PPI network with 187 nodes, 700 edges, and 2 modules, and another PPI network with 575 nodes, 2834 edges, and 7 modules were constructed based on the shared and specific DEGs, respectively. The top ten hub genes CCR3, CCR5, CXCL2, CXCL10, CXCR4, FPR1, APLNR, PENK, BDKRB2, GRM8, and RPS8, RPS3A, RPS12, RPS14, RPS21, RPL14, RPL18A, RPL21, RPL31 were identified for the shared and specific PPI networks, respectively.Conclusions: Our findings may help further the understanding of both shared and specific potential molecular mechanisms of ARVC and DCM.