bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activated protein C ameliorates chronic graft-versus-host disease by PAR1-dependent biased cell signaling on T cells
Authors: Sinha Ranjeet K. , Flynn Ryan , Zaiken Michael , Paz Katelyn , Gavin Amanda L. , Nemazee David , Fernández José A. , Xu Xiao , Griffin John H. , Blazar Bruce R.
Published: June 2019

Soluble thrombomodulin plasma concentrations are elevated in steroid-resistant graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), implying endothelial hypofunctioning for thrombomodulin-dependent generation of activated protein C’s (APC) anticoagulant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic functions. Recombinant thrombomodulin or APC administration decreases acute GVHD, manifested by intense inflammation and tissue destruction. Here, we administered recombinant murine wild-type (WT) APC to mice with established chronic GVHD (cGVHD), a less-inflammatory autoimmune-like disease. WT APC normalized bronchiolitis obliterans–induced pulmonary dysfunction. Signaling-selective APC variants (3A-APC [APC with lysine 191-193 replaced with 3 alanines] or 5A-APC [APC with lysine 191-193 replaced with 3 alanines and arginine 229/230 replaced with 2 alanines]) with normal cytoprotective properties, but greatly reduced anticoagulant activity, provided similar results. Mechanistically, WT APC and signaling-selective variants reduced T follicular helper cells, germinal center formation, immunoglobulin, and collagen deposition. WT APC can potentially cleave protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) at Arg41 or Arg46, the latter causing anti-inflammatory signaling. cGVHD was reduced in recipients of T cells from WT PAR1 or mutated Gln41-PAR1 donors but not from mutated Gln46-PAR1 donors. These data implicate donor T-cell APC-induced noncanonical cleavage at Arg46-PAR1, which is known to confer cytoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Together, these data indicate that APC anticoagulant activity is dispensable, whereas anti-inflammatory signaling and cytoprotective cell signaling by APC are essential. Because a phase 2 ischemic stroke clinical trial did not raise any safety issues for 3A-APC treatment, our studies provide a foundational platform for testing in clinical cGVHD therapy.
Availability of FLT3 inhibitors: how do we use them?
Authors: Perl Alexander E.
Published: June 2019

The natural history of FLT3-mutated AML is changing after the approval of midostaurin for frontline therapy and gilteritinib for relapsed or refractory patients. Recently reported, positive randomized trials of the drugs gilteritinib, quizartinib, and sorafenib predict even wider use of FLT3 inhibitors going forward. FLT3 inhibitors now emerge as an important, if not indispensable, part of therapy for a large subset of high-risk patients.
Adipose tissue as a key player in obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Ryan Silke , Arnaud Claire , Fitzpatrick Susan F. , Gaucher Jonathan , Tamisier Renaud , Pépin Jean-Louis
Published: June 2019

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a major health concern worldwide and adversely affects multiple organs and systems. OSA is associated with obesity in >60% of cases and is independently linked with the development of numerous comorbidities including hypertension, arrhythmia, stroke, coronary heart disease and metabolic dysfunction. The complex interaction between these conditions has a significant impact on patient care and mortality. The pathophysiology of cardiometabolic complications in OSA is still incompletely understood; however, the particular form of intermittent hypoxia (IH) observed in OSA, with repetitive short cycles of desaturation and re-oxygenation, probably plays a pivotal role. There is fast growing evidence that IH mediates some of its detrimental effects through adipose tissue inflammation and dysfunction. This article aims to summarise the effects of IH on adipose tissue in experimental models in a comprehensive way. Data from well-designed controlled trials are also reported with the final goal of proposing new avenues for improving phenotyping and personalised care in OSA.
Sensors for detecting pulmonary diseases from exhaled breath
Authors: Hashoul Dina , Haick Hossam
Published: June 2019

This review presents and discusses a new frontier for fast, risk-free and potentially inexpensive diagnostics of respiratory diseases by detecting volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in exhaled breath. One part of the review is a didactic presentation of the overlaying concept and the chemistry of exhaled breath. The other part discusses diverse sensors that have been developed and used for the detection of respiratory diseases (e.g.chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, lung cancer, pulmonary arterial hypertension, tuberculosis, cystic fibrosis, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and pneumoconiosis) by analysis of VOCs in exhaled breath. The strengths and pitfalls are discussed and criticised, particularly in the perspective in disseminating information regarding these advances. Ideas regarding the improvement of sensors, sensor arrays, sensing devices and the further planning of workflow are also discussed.
Bedtime Salivary Cortisol and Cortisone by LC-MS/MS in Healthy Adult Subjects: Evaluation of Sampling Time
Authors: Raff Hershel , Phillips Jonathan M
Published: June 2019

The measurement of late-night salivary cortisol is a mainstay in the diagnosis of Cushing syndrome. Furthermore, the measurement of salivary cortisol is useful in assessing the cortisol awakening response. Because the salivary glands express 11-β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, the measurement of salivary cortisone may improve the performance of salivary corticosteroid measurements. We measured salivary cortisol by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and salivary cortisol and cortisone by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in only 50 µL of saliva sampled from 54 healthy subjects (aged 20 to 64 years). We allowed patients to sample at their normal bedtime (2025 to 2400 hours) to answer a common question as to whether sampling at the normal bedtime is equivalent to the standard required sampling at 2300 to 2400 hours. We found that the salivary cortisol and cortisone results by LC-MS/MS correlated well with salivary cortisol measured with the US Food and Drug Administration-cleared EIA. Furthermore, the upper limit of normal of salivary cortisol by EIA for bedtime samples was lower than the previously published upper limit of normal with sampling required at 2300 to 2400 hours. There were no significant effects of age or sex on any of the salivary steroid measurements. We conclude that (i) salivary cortisol and cortisone can be reliably measured by LC-MS/MS in small volumes of saliva and (ii) that patients can be evaluated using saliva sampled at their normal bedtime, rather than being required to stay awake until 2300 to 2400 hours.
Different functional roles for K+ channel subtypes in regulating small intestinal glucose and ion transport
Authors: Du Chao , Chen Siyuan , Wan Hanxing , Chen Lihong , Li Lingyu , Guo Hong , Tuo Biguang , Dong Hui
Published: June 2019

Background: Although K+ channels are important in mediating the driving force for colonic ion transport, their role in the small intestinal transport is poorly understood.

Methods: Small intestinal short circuit currents (Isc) and HCO3− secretion were measured in mice, and intracellular pH (pHi) was measured in small intestinal epithelial SCBN cells. The expression and location of Kv subtypes were verified by RT-PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Diabetic mice were also used to investigate the role of Kv subtypes in regulating intestinal glucose absorption.

Results: KV7.1 is not involved in duodenal ion transport, while KCa3.1 selectively regulates duodenal Isc and HCO3− secretion in a Ca2+-mediated but not cAMP-mediated manner. Blockade of KCa3.1 increased the rate of HCO3− fluxes via CFTR channels in SCBN cells. Jejunal Isc was significantly stimulated by glucose, but markedly inhibited by 4-AP and TEA. Moreover, both Kv1.1 and Kv1.3 were expressed in jejunal mucosae. Finally, 4-AP significantly attenuated weight gain of normal and diabetic mice, and both 4-AP and TEA significantly lowered blood glucose of diabetic mice.

Conclusions: This study not only examines the contribution of various K+ channel subtypes to small intestinal epithelial ion transport and glucose absorption, but also proposes a novel concept for developing specific K+ channel blockers to reduce weight gain and lower blood glucose in diabetes mellitus.
Sumoylation regulates protein dynamics during meiotic chromosome segregation in C. elegans oocytes
Authors: Pelisch Federico , Bel Borja Laura , Jaffray Ellis G. , Hay Ronald T.
Published: June 2019

Oocyte meiotic spindles in most species lack centrosomes and the mechanisms that underlie faithful chromosome segregation in acentrosomal meiotic spindles are not well understood. In C. elegans oocytes, spindle microtubules exert a poleward force on chromosomes that is dependent on the microtubule-stabilising protein CLS-2, the orthologue of the mammalian CLASP proteins. The checkpoint kinase BUB-1 and CLS-2 localise in the central spindle and display a dynamic localisation pattern throughout anaphase, but the signals regulating their anaphase-specific localisation remains unknown. We have shown previously that SUMO regulates BUB-1 localisation during metaphase I. Here, we found that SUMO modification of BUB-1 is regulated by the SUMO E3 ligase GEI-17 and the SUMO protease ULP-1. SUMO and GEI-17 are required for BUB-1 localisation between segregating chromosomes during early anaphase I. We also show that CLS-2 is subject to SUMO-mediated regulation; CLS-2 precociously localises in the midbivalent when either SUMO or GEI-17 are depleted. Overall, we provide evidence for a novel, SUMO-mediated control of protein dynamics during early anaphase I in oocytes.
Recent advances in HIV-associated Kaposi sarcoma
Authors: Dalla Pria Alessia , Pinato David J. , Bracchi Margherita , Bower Mark
Published: June 2019

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a mesenchymal tumour caused by KS-associated herpesvirus and is an AIDS-defining illness. Despite a decline in incidence since the introduction of combination anti-retroviral therapy, KS remains the most common cancer in people living with HIV in sub-Saharan Africa, where it causes significant morbidity and mortality. This review reflects on recent epidemiological data as well as current management, unmet needs and future perspectives in the treatment of HIV-associated KS with particular emphasis on the potential role of immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Climate change in the UAE: Modeling air temperature using ARIMA and STI across four bio-climatic zones
Authors: Ksiksi Taoufik Saleh , Al-Blooshi Latifa Saeed
Published: June 2019

Background: Standardizing climate-related indices and models across spatial and temporal scales presents a challenge. Especially when predicting climatic conditions in the era of climate change. The present work aims to assess the use of ARIMA (Auto Regressive Integrated Moving Average) modeling approach coupled with STI (Standardized Temperature Index) to predict temperature anomalies across four bio-climatic regions within the United Arab Emirates (UAE).

Methods: We used monthly temperature data from NOAA Land-Based Station Data for Abu Dhabi, Al-Ain, Dubai and Sharjah. ARIMA modeling and STI assessment of climatic events were used to predict and study the dynamics of climate of the four zones. The use of such forecasting powers was intended for an ultimate aim to study the impact of climate change on land use and land cover changes.

Results: Data were not auto-correlated as shown by the Box-Ljung test. Additionally, the box-plots showed that Abu Dhabi had the highest median temperature. The ARIMA forecasting suggested that Dubai is predicted to have increasing trend of average temperatures until 2030. "Extremely hot" events were highest for Al-Ain (i.e. 9), followed by Abu Dhabi, Dubai and Sharjah. Dubai had the highest occurrences of "Moderately hot" events, when compared to all other studied zones. Further, events classified as "very cold" were in the order of 20, 10, and 8, for Dubai, Sharjah, and for each of Abu Dhabi and Al-Ain, respectively.

Conclusions: The temperature is predicted to increase in Dubai and Sharjah, with each representing a different bio-climatic zone. This was also reflected in the STI assessment of the historical temperature.  "Moderately hot" and "very cold" events for Dubai were the highest as compared to the other studied zones in the UAE. It is therefore believed that ARIMA, coupled with STI, may be a valid approach to forecast temperature and analyse extreme events.
Preprints and Scholarly Communication: Adoption, Practices, Drivers and Barriers
Authors: Chiarelli Andrea , Johnson Rob , Pinfield Stephen , Richens Emma
Published: June 2019

Background: Since 2013, there has been a dramatic increase in the number of preprint servers available online. To date, little is known about the position of researchers, funders, research performing organisations and other stakeholders with respect to this fast-paced landscape. In this article, we explore the benefits and challenges of preprint posting, along with issues such as infrastructure and financial sustainability. We also discuss the definition of a ‘preprint’ in different communities, and the impact this has on further uptake.

Methods: This study is based on 38 detailed semi-structured interviews of key stakeholders based on a purposive heterogeneous sampling approach. Interviews were undertaken between October 2018 and January 2019. These were recorded, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis to identify trends. Interview questions were designed based on Innovation Diffusion Theory, which is also used to interpret the results of this study.

Results: Our study is the first using empirical data to understand the new wave of preprint servers and found that early and fast dissemination is the most appealing feature of the practice. The main concerns are related to the lack of quality assurance and the ‘Ingelfinger rule’. We identified trust as an essential enabler of preprint posting and stress the enabling role of Twitter in showcasing preprints and enabling comments on these.

Conclusions: The preprints landscape is evolving fast and disciplinary communities are at different stages in the innovation diffusion process. The landscape is characterised by significant experimentation, which leads to the conclusion that a one-size-fits-all approach to preprints is not feasible. Cooperation and active engagement between the stakeholders involved will play an important role in the future. In our paper, we share questions for the further development of the preprints landscape, with the most important being whether preprint posting will develop as a publisher- or researcher-centric practice.
Identifying ‘hard-to-reach’ groups and strategies to engage them in biomedical research: perspectives from engagement practitioners in Southeast Asia
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Ha , Cheah Phaik Yeong , Chambers Mary
Published: June 2019

Public or community engagement (PE/CE) is an increasingly important component of biomedical research. However, PE/CE projects have been criticized for focusing on the ‘convenient sample’ populations that are more accessible and more likely to respond, thus missing out the less-socially visible groups. In January 2018, engagement practitioners from across Southeast Asia, attending a regional workshop, undertook a discussion about the ‘hard-to-reach’ populations in the region, and how PE projects can better engage them.  This paper is a summary of that discussion. After an initial brainstorming exercise the hard-to-reach populations identified by workshop participants were broadly categorised into three groups: urban poor, ethnic minority groups and children in rural primary schools. Delegates identified common characteristics of the populations and possible interventions to reach them. Notes of the discussions were used as data for the report. Four common issues that become barriers for engagement were identified: (1) financial instability; (2) mobility in residency and work; (3) discrimination and isolation; and (4) limitations in local resources. It is important to recognise that a group might be more disadvantaged by one factor than the others, but often these issues inter-relate to restrict outreach. In order to engage these populations, a tailor-made programme, that suits the local context, should be created. This can be done through four strategies that have the acronym ‘FIND’: (1) Formative research to improve understanding of the population; (2) Integrating into local life; (3) Networking with relevant stakeholders; and (4) Developing local resources.  Our discussion highlights the importance of a deep understanding of the local contexts in order to implement relevant and acceptable engagement projects. Findings from this report may be useful for planning public engagement projects in similar settings.
Aplicação de Redes Bayesianas para análise de programas sócio torcedor
Authors: Dias Pâmela De Souza , Monteiro Plínio Rafael Reis , Ribeiro Evandro Marcos Saidel
Published: June 2019

O marketing esportivo trata da comercialização da imagem através do esporte e representa uma opção eficiente de aproximação com o público. Nesse contexto, o Programa Sócio Torcedor (PST) tem um potencial significativo para o Brasil. O artigo objetiva identificar a estrutura de valor percebido por distintas características sociodemográficas em um conjunto de atributos oferecidos pelos PSTs e propor um modelo elaborado com Rede Bayesiana (RB) que identifique o plano ideal para públicos distintos. Os dados foram coletados através de um survey online com população composta por torcedores dos times selecionados. Foram analisados com Análise Conjunta (AC) e RB. Verificou-se que o desconto nos ingressos e os preços são os atributos de maior valor para os torcedores. O trabalho contribuiu com a proposta de um instrumento capaz de descrever a percepção de valor nos PSTs e o modelo proposto com a RB mostrou-se uma ferramenta adequada para complementar a AC.
Realismo crítico e estudos organizacionais: uma análise bibliométrica
Authors: Prado José Willer do , Alcântara Valderí De Castro , Campos Alyce Cardoso , Nascimento Thaísa Barcellos Pinheiro do
Published: June 2019

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar como se configura o campo dos estudos sobre gestão e organizações construído a partir da abordagem filosófica e sociológica do realismo crítico. Para tanto desenvolvemos uma análise bibliométrica. Apresentamos elementos centrais (autoria, periódicos, temas de estudo, artigos mais citados e principais referências) dos estudos sobre gestão e organizações construídos a partir do realismo crítico, mapeamos controvérsias científicas e desenvolvemos uma agenda de pesquisa. Concluímos que o realismo crítico potencializa o entendimento e a explicação de temas controversos dos estudos de gestão e organizações realidade social, entidades, efeitos causais, agência-estrutura e ontologia.
Living with Parkinson's—past, present and future: a qualitative study of the subjective perspective
Authors: Maffoni Marina , Pierobon Antonia , Frazzitta Giuseppe , Callegari Simona , Giardini Anna
Published: June 2019

Background:

the social impact of Parkinson's is difficult to capture in quantitative research given the condition's variable presentation, so qualitative research is needed to support a person-centred approach.

Aims:

to describe how people with Parkinson's experience living with their condition over time.

Methods:

27 audio-recorded verbatim-transcribed interviews were analysed through the grounded theory method.

Findings:

past, present and future were the core categories that emerged. Past is the dimension of regretted memories of past life overturned by the communication of diagnosis. Present is the time dimension in which patients concretely experience the hindrances associated with the condition (loss of autonomy, submissive acceptance and social embarrassment), and the resources (search for autonomy, serene or in-progress acceptance, and social support). Future is characterised by both positive visions of tomorrow and negative ones (worry, resignation, denial).

Conclusion:

these results, highlighting what living with Parkinson's means over time, may contribute to a better tailoring of nursing practice to the person's needs and rhythm, in a perspective of continuous adaptation.
Informal carers' experiences and feelings during rehabilitation
Authors: Pliatsika Kyriaki Arina , Sakellari Evanthia , Kafkia Theodora , Krepia Vassiliki , Sapountzi-Krepia Despina
Published: June 2019

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences and feelings of people caring for patients with long-term diseases in a rehabilitation centre. A qualitative research approach was used. Fifteen informal carers were interviewed. The study was conducted in a rehabilitation centre in Greece. Three themes emerged. The first was feelings regarding the patient and the carers themselves, as well as the type of care provided and life at home after discharge from the rehabilitation unit. The second was experiences regarding health professionals and delivered care, and other carers. The third theme was expectations and thoughts about the future. Health professionals should plan and implement support interventions within rehabilitation settings in order to address carers' needs in terms of practical guidance not only within the framework of patient care but also relating to the psychological and physical wellbeing of informal carers.
Making her end of life her own: further reflections on supporting a loved one with motor neurone disease
Authors: Harris Denise Andrea , Jack Kirsten , Wibberley Christopher
Published: June 2019

Background:

People can live for many months without knowing why their body is failing prematurely before being diagnosed with motor neurone disease (MND); a terminal neurodegenerative disease which can be experienced as ‘devastating’ for the person and their family.

Aim:

This study aimed to explore the meaning of supporting a loved one with MND to die.

Methods:

This study uses reflection and autobiographical story to connect with broader cultural, political and social meaning and understandings of dying.

Findings:

Four themes were identified relating to the end-of-life trajectory of MND. Loss of person (lived body experienced in silence); loss of relationships (lived relations are challenged); loss of home and loss of time (lived space and lived time take on new meaning); loss of future (dying—facing it alone).

Conclusion:

Dying with MND is a complex phenomenon. When a person can no longer move and communicate, relationships between those involved in end-of-life care are challenging. A person with MND needs the support from those acting as power of attorney to make their end of life their own, and they themselves need support to find meaning in their suffering. This autoethnographic reflection provides vicarious experiences for nurses and other healthcare professionals working with people with MND and similar conditions.
As pregações de Antônio Conselheiro: entre as missões dos jesuítas e a formação cristã popular
Authors: Cavalcante Maria Juraci Maia , Moura Antonio Rosemberg
Published: June 2019

Este artigo começa por pensar o significado das pregações na história do cristianismo e quer entender como chegam tais ensinamentos aos cristãos que são seguidores imersos numa fé inabalável, que nada a mais pergunta, porque se trata de uma fé fundada na paixão, como a de Antônio Conselheiro, de Canudos. Tem por base uma recolha bibliográfica, que situa algumas influências recebidas por este personagem histórico, que, para além de sua historicidade, envolve um protagonismo por demais investigado, ligado a um desses monumentais acontecimentos, que nos interessa por seus enigmas e sombras, por colocar em xeque o sentido político e social da república brasileira.
Biomarkers of Chronic Renal Tubulointerstitial Injury
Authors: Bagnasco Serena M. , Rosenberg Avi Z.
Published: June 2019

Progression of renal parenchyma injury is characterized by increasing interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, irrespective of the cause. Histopathologic assessment of renal tissue obtained by biopsy remains the gold standard for determining the presence and extent of tubulointerstitial scarring. Discovery of robust non-invasive means for capturing a snapshot and for longitudinal monitoring of parenchymal deterioration has been the focus of intense multimodal effort by investigators within the renal community and beyond. Research in this field has included the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models and has fostered the development and evaluation of tissue and biofluid assays for novel analytes with potential translation to the diagnosis and prognosis of kidney disease. Here, we examine recent advances in the search of “biomarkers” for detection of renal tubulointerstitial scarring and prediction of renal outcome in human renal disease.
Mechanical and energy examination of different agripellets
Authors: Papp Viktória , Beszédes Sándor , Szalay Dóra
Published: June 2019

As an indirect consequence of climate change, the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions, the energy utilization of agricultural by-products will be increasingly emphasized in the future. Hungary has a large potential of agricultural residues of which is a big part could be used for energy purposes. Common feature of this by-products is that thay are originally difficult to handle and they have a small bulk density. Pellet production is one possible way to utilization, however the high ash content and low ash melting point cause problems in pellet burner equipments. Mixtures of different plant residues (wheat straw, rape seed stem, sunflower husk) and agripellets have different energetic and mechanical properties. Besides high ash content and low ash softening temperature, mechanical properties can also significantly affect the quality of pellets as well as the efficiency of firing. There were also significant differences in diameter, length, bulk density and mechanical durability of pellets.
Sensory examination of honey and the effect of sensory characteristics on purchase decisions
Authors: Oravecz Titanilla , Kovács Ildikó
Published: June 2019

Aside from honey’s sweet and distinctive flavor, it can provide various human health benefits, which makes its market value favorable compared to those of other sweeteners. In the study, the purchase decision making process is examined through sensory experiments. The results are based on sensory analysis of 600 adult consumers, which show that, consumers’ demand for honey varies significantly according to the flavor, aroma, color, texture and price. The geographic location of the honey’s production and the product packaging are key factors for some consumer segments. Sensory differentiation and the evaluation of honey quality are different in the analyzed consumer segments, which are described in the study.
Validation of Risk Scoring Systems in Ursodeoxycholic Acid–Treated Patients With Primary Biliary Cholangitis
Authors: Efe Cumali , Taşçilar Koray , Henriksson Ida , Lytvyak Ellina , Alalkim Fatema , Trivedi Hirsh , Eren Fatih , Eliasson Johanna , Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta Terziroli , Fischer Janett , Calişkan Ali Riza , Chayanupatkul Maneerat , Coppo Claudia , Ytting Henriette , Purnak Tugrul , Muratori Luigi , Werner Mårten , Muratori Paolo , Rorsman Fredrik , Önnerhag Kristina , Günşar Fulya , Nilsson Emma , Heurgué-Berlot Alexandra , Güzelbulut Fatih , Demir Nurhan , Gönen Can , Semela David , Aladağ Murat , Kiyici Murat , Schiano Thomas D. , Montano-Loza Aldo J. , Berg Thomas , Ozaslan Ersan , Yoshida Eric M. , Bonder Alan , Marschall Hanns-Ulrich , Wahlin Staffan
Published: June 2019

INTRODUCTION:

Risk stratification based on biochemical variables is a useful tool for monitoring ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA)-treated patients with primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). Several UDCA response criteria and scoring systems have been proposed for risk prediction in PBC, but these have not been validated in large external cohorts.

METHODS:

We performed a study on data of 1746 UDCA-treated patients with PBC from 25 centers in Europe, United States, and Canada. The prognostic performance of the risk scoring systems (GLOBE and UK-PBC) and the UDCA response criteria (Barcelona, Paris I, Paris II, Rotterdam, and Toronto) were evaluated. We regarded cirrhosis-related complications (ascites, variceal bleeding, and/or hepatic encephalopathy) as clinical end points.

RESULTS:

A total of 171 patients reached a clinical end point during a median 7 years (range 1–16 years) of follow-up. The 5-, 10- and 15-year adverse outcome–free survivals were 95%, 85%, and 77%. The GLOBE and UK-PBC scores predicted cirrhosis-related complications better than the UDCA response criteria. The hazard ratio (HR) for a 1 standard deviation increase was HR 5.05 (95% confidence interval (CI): 4.43–5.74, P < 0.001) for the GLOBE score and HR 3.39 (95% CI: 3.10–3.72, P < 0.001) for the UK-PBC score. Overall, the GLOBE and UK-PBC risk scores showed similar and excellent prognostic performance (C-statistic, 0.93; 95% CI: 0.91%–95% vs 0.94; 95% CI: 0.91%–0.96%).

DISCUSSION:

In our international, multicenter PBC cohort, the GLOBE and UK-PBC risk scoring systems were good predictors of future cirrhosis-related complications.
The role of zoning in mining activity within Mexico's federal natural protected areas
Authors: Boni Andrew , Farfán Michelle , Pérez-Vega Azucena
Published: June 2019

La confluencia de la minería, una actividad que por su propia naturaleza modifica los paisajes de manera permanente, con la conservación, la cual busca preservar o restaurar sistemas naturales o de producción sostenibles, representa un reto para las políticas ambientales y de ordenamiento territorial. En México, el actual marco legal y regulatorio en materia ambiental permite que la minería se desarrolle al interior de ciertas categorías de áreas naturales protegidas. Sin embargo se desconoce qué tipos de minería efectivamente son practicadas al interior del sistema federal de áreas naturales protegidas de México.Este artículo es el primer estudio sobre el marco regulatorio, distribución espacial y caracterización de las actividades mineras desarrolladas dentro de las áreas naturales protegidas de jurisdicción federal en México (ANPF). Para este estudio examinamos aquellas ANPF en que es permisible la minería y caracterizamos las operaciones mineras identificadas en cada caso según tipo de mineral, escala de operación y estado de actividad. Posteriormente abordamos los modos en que los esquemas de zonificación posibilitan la práctica de la minería en estas áreas protegidas y discutimos sus implicaciones para la conservación.Encontramos que de 177 ANPF, 30 explícitamente permiten la práctica de la minería. En todas ellas, excepto siete, se identificó al menos un tipo de minería. Notablemente, se identificaron dos ANPF con presencia de minas metálicas de gran escala de tajo a cielo abierto y cuatro ANPF con minas no metálicas de gran escala de tajo a cielo abierto. Adicionalmente se identificaron otros proyectos y operaciones de minería metálica y no metálica en las demás áreas protegidas analizadas. Finalmente discutimos estos resultados en términos de sus implicaciones para las políticas ambientales y de ordenamiento territorial.
Revisiting the Barriers to and Facilitators of Research Utilization in Nursing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tuppal Cyruz P , Vega Paolo D , Ninobla Marina Magnolia G. , Reñosa Mark Donald , Al-Battashi Abdullah , Arquiza Glenda , Baua Elizabeth P
Published: June 2019

Background: Nursing profession continues to evolve, expand, and link its practice that requires evidence to strengthen its body of knowledge, and research utilization (RU) is pivotal towards this realization.Purpose: This systematic review aimed to critically identify, select, appraise, and synthesize research evidence about the barriers to and facilitators of research utilization.Methods: There were 17,961 papers during the initial database search and 85 papers from other sources from the electronic databases including Web of Science, CINAHL, Complete, Scopus, OVID, Medline, PsychInfo, SocIndex, Internurse, British Nursing Index, ERIC, and PubMed. After further analysis, thirty-six articles were included in the analysis that explicitly identified and described the barriers to and facilitators of research utilization in nursing.Results: Based on the findings, the lack of awareness about research, lack of authority to change their practice, overwhelming publications, and lack of compiled literature were the topmost identified barriers to RU. On the other hand, organizational and colleague support, and continuing education as both personal and professional commitment can further facilitate research utilization.Conclusion: Despite extensive studies conducted addressing the barriers to research utilization, the findings suggest a consistent reproach on the capability of nurses to maximize and utilize research. The same elements that may serve as barriers to, can likewise become the impetus in gaining sufficient research utilization among nurses.
Predicting Factors of Interpersonal and Situational Influences for Performing Stretching Exercises Based on Pender’s Model
Authors: Delshad Mohammad Hossein , Tavafian Sedigheh Sadat , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan
Published: June 2019

Background: Physical activity affects office employees in achieving a healthy lifestyle and preventing diseases such as Musculoskeletal Diseases (MSDS). Combining sports such as stretching exercises in healthy lifestyle programs is one of the most important decisions to prevent such disease.Purpose: This study aimed to predict factors of interpersonal and situational influences for stretching exercise (SE) among office employees at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 420 office employees recruited by multi-stage cluster sampling. Self-administered questionnaires of SE and interpersonal and situational influences based on Pender’s Health Promotion Model, as well as socio-demographic data, were used in this study. The collected data were analyzed using Spearman correlation and logistic regression tests.Results: Results showed that among 420 participants, the scores of interpersonal and situational influences, and SE were 4.6±11.52, 4.5±14.21, and 2.48±17.64, respectively. There was a significant relationship between interpersonal influence and SE (r=0.54; p<0.05), and undergoing treatment and SE (r=0.77; p<0.05). There was no relationship between situational influence and SE (r=0.107; p>0.05), and interpersonal influences were a strong predictor for SE behavior.Conclusion: This study showed that the office employees who were more interpersonal influencers were more likely to do stretching exercise behavior. Therefore, interpersonal factors could be used as an educational principle in facilitating admission behavior of SE regarding Pender’s Model.
More than just friends: in-home use and design recommendations for sensing socially assistive robots (SARs) by older adults with depression
Authors: Randall Natasha , Bennett Casey C. , Šabanović Selma , Nagata Shinichi , Eldridge Lori , Collins Sawyer , Piatt Jennifer A.
Published: June 2019

As healthcare turns its focus to preventative community-based interventions, there is increasing interest in using in-home technology to support this goal. This study evaluates the design and use of socially assistive robots (SARs) and sensors as in-home therapeutic support for older adults with depression. The seal-like SAR Paro, along with onboard and wearable sensors, was placed in the homes of 10 older adults diagnosed with clinical depression for one month. Design workshops were conducted before and after the in-home implementation with participating older adults and clinical care staff members. Workshops showed older adults and clinicians sawseveral potential uses for robots and sensors to support in-home depression care. Long-term in-home use of the robot allowed researchers and participants to situate desired robot features in specific practices and experiences of daily life, and some user requests for functionality changed due to extended use. Sensor data showed that participants’ attitudes toward and intention to use the robot were strongly correlated with particular Circadian patterns (afternoon and evening) of robot use. Sensor data also showed that those without pets interacted with Paro significantly more than those with pets, and survey data showed they had more positive attitudes toward the SAR. Companionship, while a desired capability, emerged as insufficient to engage many older adults in long-term use of SARs in their home.
Between the institution and the individual: What walking in a place that includes institutional heritage discloses
Authors: Argaman Einav
Published: June 2019

This article discusses the ways in which “walking” in a place that exhibits institutional heritage (albeit is not set as a separate gallery) discloses individuality within institutional/hegemonic intent. Examining photographs taken in a place that,among other activities, comprises institutional heritage, the article adds to the literature by specifying a new mode of walking in heritage “sites.” Walking is regarded a semiotic resource; hence, the article’s insights relate to: (a) arguments in the institution, (b) definitions of “center,” (c) “attractors” in retailing and museums (as places which present heritage), and (d) the architecture of paths. The final section of the article considers heritage ineducationalinstitutions (the specific environment that the article discusses). It relates to the characteristics of classroom talk and offers recommendations for incorporating them in exhibitions dedicated to the heritage of education institutions, as a means to establish teachers’ professional identity.
Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in the soil and pine trees
Authors: Kharkan Javad , Sayadi Mohammad Hossein , Rezaei Mohammad Reza
Published: June 2019

Background: Human activities related to workshops in the cities contribute to the release of heavy metals
into the environment, which pose serious risks to the environment and to human health. The aim of the
present study was to evaluate the concentration of lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and manganese (Mn) in the pine
trees and soil in various land uses of Birjand city, Iran.
Methods: The sampling stations were randomly selected from different land uses including parks, streets,
carwashes, car repair shops, and car smooth shops in Birjand city. The pine trees (skin and leaves) and
soil samples were collected from 15 stations located at different and uses in 2017. To determine the
concentration of heavy metals, atomic absorption spectrometer (Contr AA 700) was used.
Results: It was revealed that the mean concentration of Pb, Fe and Mn in residential soil was 1.79, 419.39,
and 30.76 mg/kg, respectively. Moreover, the Pb, Fe, and Mn concentration in pine skin and leaves was
0.63 – 0.18, 23.05–9.84, and 10.05–3.13 mg/kg, respectively. The geo-accumulation index (Igeo) mean
of the study areas demonstrated a descending trend for Fe (16.31 mg/kg) <Mn (8.86 mg/kg) <Pb (0.41
mg/kg). Pb showed the highest transfer factor in the parks and streets followed by Mn and Fe. In the car
repair and smooth shops, the highest transfer factor pertained to Pb and the lowest one pertained to Fe.
The statistical analysis indicated that there was a significant difference in the Fe and Mn concentrations
among various land uses (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, the soils of car repair and smooth shops as well as carwashes in
Birjand are becoming polluted by Pb, Fe, and Mn. Although, it does not threaten the city ecosystem, but
with passage of time, these measures will be accumulated due to the soil alkalinity and will reach critical levels.
Magnetic nano-biocomposite CuFe2 O4 @methylcellulose (MC) prepared as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of ciprofloxacin from aqueous solution
Authors: Nasiri Alireza , Tamaddon Fatemeh , Mosslemin Mohammad Hossein , Amiri Gharaghani Majid , Asadipour Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: Antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (CIP) are even more important in bacterial resistance, even at low concentrations. The aim of this research was to synthesize CuFe2 O4 @methylcellulose (MC) as a new nano-photocatalyst for degradation of CIP from aqueous solution. Methods: The nano-photocatalyst (CuFe2 O4 @MC) was characterized by FESEM, energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Powder XRD and EDS analysis confirmed the formation of pure-phase spinel ferrites. After CuFe2 O4 @MC characterization, the effective parameters in removal efficiency of CIP such as reaction time, initial antibiotic concentration, pH, photocatalyst loading, and degradation kinetic were investigated and conditions were optimized. Then, CIP degradation experiments were conducted on the real sample in the optimal conditions. The removal of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was determined under optimum conditions. Results: The structural characterization of the magnetic nanobiocomposite showed that it is in nanoscale, ferromagnetic property, and thermal stability. The optimal conditions were obtained at pH = 7, irradiation time (90 minutes), photocatalyst loading (0.2 g), and initial concentration of CIP (3 mg/L). The removal efficiency of CIP in the optimal conditions was obtained as 80.74% and 72.87% from the synthetic and real samples, respectively. The removal of COD was obtained as 68.26% in this process. The evaluation of kinetic linear models showed that the photocatalytic degradation process was fitted by pseudo-first order kinetic model and Langmuir-Hinshelwood. CuFe2 O4 @MC photocatalyst had a good stability and reusability for the fourth runs. Conclusion: The photocatalytic degradation of CIP from aqueous media with CuFe2 O4 @MC photocatalyst has a high efficiency, which can be used in the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewaters.
Detection of Different Levels of Multiple Sclerosis by Assessing Nonlinear Characteristics of Posture
Authors: Seifi Sepanta , Nowshiravan Rahatabad Fereidoun , Einalou Zahra
Published: June 2019

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disorder of the central nervous system that affects various parts of the brain and the spinal cord, leading to interruptions of the nervous, defense and movement systems, which usually affect balance and gait. Considering that the diagnosis of MS and its classification is a function of the expertise of the physician, the use of creative methods can help physicians to diagnose and classify different levels of the disease. Methods: The primary objective of the present study was to detect different levels of MS disease based on the nonlinear evaluation of body features. To do so, we studied eight MS patients and posture information of these patients such as the center of pressure (COP) were recorded at different levels with various degrees of Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) by a motion analyzer device, while subjects were standing on the force plate in the eyes-opened and eyes-closed modes. After extracting and validating features that are used to assess posture disorders and explain the balancing behavior, the support vector machine (SVM) was employed to classify different levels of disease. Using the Spearman correlation test, each feature evaluated by the EDSS test. Results: The features obtained from Higuchi’s fractal dimensional algorithm in both anteriorposterior and mediolateral directions of the COP, which were significant (P<0.05) were selected and provided to SVM and neural network for classification of different levels. It found that SVM outperformed neural network and was able to carry out the classification with the accuracy of 90.7%. Conclusion: As an intelligent method, the non-linear evaluation of body features such as dimensional fractal analysis of the COP can help physicians diagnose different levels of MS with greater precision.
Emotion Classification through Nonlinear EEG Analysis Using Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Zangeneh Soroush Morteza , Maghooli Keivan , Kamaledin  Setarehdan Seyed , Motie Nasrabadi Ali
Published: June 2019

Background: Emotion recognition, as a subset of affective computing, has received considerable attention in recent years. Emotions are key to human-computer interactions. Electroencephalogram (EEG) is considered a valuable physiological source of information for classifying emotions. However, it has complex and chaotic behavior. Methods: In this study, an attempt is made to extract important nonlinear features from EEGs with the aim of emotion recognition. We also take advantage of machine learning methods such as evolutionary feature selection methods and committee machines to enhance the classification performance. Classification performed concerning both arousal and valence factors. Results: Results suggest that the proposed method is successful and comparable to the previous works. A recognition rate equal to 90% achieved, and the most significant features reported. We apply the final classification scheme to 2 different databases including our recorded EEGs and a benchmark dataset to evaluate the suggested approach. Conclusion: Our findings approve of the effectiveness of using nonlinear features and a combination of classifiers. Results are also discussed from different points of view to understand brain dynamics better while emotion changes. This study reveals useful insights about emotion classification and brain-behavior related to emotion elicitation.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Reducing Mood Symptoms in Patients With Substance Abuse
Authors: Haghighat Sara , Mohammadi Alireza
Published: June 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) on reducing mood symptoms in patients with substance abuse. Methods: The current research was a semi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with a control group. The participants consisted of all people with substance abuse referred to drug abuse treatment centers in district 4 and 8 of Tehran city in 2016-2017. In this way, 45 subjects selected by purposeful sampling method and randomly divided into 2 groups of experimental and one control group (15 persons for each group). Then, the Mood Disorder Questionnaire and Depression Inventory took from the subjects of each group. CBT and ACT performed in 8 sessions of 90 minutes in 2 experimental groups and control group were also without any training program. After completing the training, the post-test performed for all three groups. Data analysis was done by using the covariance analysis (MANCOVA) and using SPSS-21 software. Results: The findings showed that CBT and ACT were effective in reducing mood syndrome in patients with substance abuse (P<00.001). Moreover, there were no significant differences between the effectiveness of the CBT and ACT on the reduction of mood syndrome in patients with substance abuse. Conclusion: Considering the effect of CBT and ACT on the reduction of mood syndrome among patients with substance abuse, it is worth considering the role of these 2 treatments as one of the educational and therapeutic strategies for substance abuse