bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ruminant microbiome data are skewed and unFAIR, undermining their usefulness for improving sustainable production
Authors: Ortiz-Chura Abimael , Popova Milka , Morgavi Diego P.
Published: October 2023

The ruminant microbiome plays a key role in the health, feed utilization and environmental impact of ruminant production systems. Microbiome research provides insights to reduce the environmental footprint and improve meat and milk production from ruminants. However, the microbiome composition depends on the ruminant species, habitat and diet, highlighting the importance of having a good representation of ruminant microbiomes in their local environment to translate research findings into beneficial approaches. This information is currently lacking. In this study, we explored the metadata of microbiome studies from farmed ruminants to determine global representativeness and summarized information according to ruminant species, geographic location, body site, and host information. We accessed data from the International Nucleotide Sequence Database Collaboration through the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. We recovered 47,628 sample metadata with cattle accounting for over two-thirds of the samples. In contrast, goats with a worldwide population similar to cattle were markedly underrepresented, making up less than 4% of the total samples. Most samples originated in Western Europe, North America, Australasia and China but countries with large ruminant populations in South America, Africa, Asia, and Eastern Europe were underrepresented. Microbiomes from the gastrointestinal tract were the most frequently studied comprising about 87% of all samples. Additionally, the number of samples from other body sites such as the respiratory tract, milk, skin, reproductive tract, and fetal tissue, has markedly increased over the past decade. More than 40% of the samples lacked basic information and many were retrieved from generic taxonomic classifications where the ruminant species was manually recovered. The lack of information on diet, production system, age, or breed limits the reusability of the data for reanalysis and follow-up studies. Taxonomic assignment of the ruminant host and a minimum set of metadata attributes using accepted ontologies adapted to host-associated microbiomes are prerequisites for this. Public repositories are encouraged to require this information. The results from this survey highlight the need to encourage studies of the ruminant microbiome from underrepresented ruminant species and underrepresented countries worldwide.
Analysis of prognostic factors and construction of prediction model for pregnancies with liver failure
Authors: Lin He , Luo Jin , Chen Yanhong , Guo Fengxia , Zhou Shuisheng , Pan Xingfei
Published: October 2023

Background and objectives: Liver failure during pregnancy adversely affectsmothers. However, it is not thoroughly found which its prognostic factors are. In the present study, we explored some factors which could affect the short-term prognosis. Furthermore, a logistic regression model (LRM)was constructed to predict the outcomes of mothers.
Method: One hundred and twenty-nine pregnant women with liver failure were enrolled in this study. The mothers were treated at several hospitals in Guangzhou from January 2008 to September 2022. Ninety-six patients were divided into an effectual group (n=76) and an ineffectual group (n=20). Retrospective and logistic regression analyses were performed to screen for possible prognostic factors and to construct LRM. The remaining 33 cases, combined with the original 96 cases, were used to validate the model.
Results: Age, |Na-135|, and INR are independent risk factors for liver failure. The area under the curve (AUC) for LRM and MELD are 0.896 and 0.780, respectively. Thesensitivity of the two models was 95.83% and 70.83%, respectively. The specificity was 71.43% and 75.24%, respectively. The total prediction accuracy rate was 75.97% and 74.42%, respectively.
Conclusion: Age, |Na-135|, and INR were independent risk factors for pregnant women with liver failure with poor prognosis, both the LRM and the MELD could predict the prognosis, however, the LRM was superior to the MELD in terms of sensitivity.
Distribution, sources and morphological analysis of rare earth elements in surface water of nature reserves
Authors: He Miao , Liu Guijian , Li Yongli , Zhou Li , Wang Guanyu , Si Wen
Published: October 2023

With the development of high technology, the environmental pollution caused by rare earth elements (REEs) has gradually aroused social concern, especially the water environment. As a world-class natural ecological reserve, Mount Huang is located in the upper reaches of Xin 'an River Basin, and the water quality of the Fengle river in this area has a decisive impact on the ecological environment of Xin 'an River and the downstream area (Yangtze River Delta). In this study, the spatial and temporal distribution, anomaly, anthropogenic influence, and the speciation of REEs in Fengle River in Huangshan City during two periods were studied.
Performance Assessment of the Machine Learning Algorithms for First Inning Score Prediction in Cricket
Authors: Bhattacharjee Bireshwar , Bhattacharjee Dibyojyoti , Bhattacharjee Bishweshwar
Published: October 2023

This study presents a comprehensive performance assessment of various machine learning algorithms employed for the prediction of first inning scores in cricket matches. Cricket, a sport characterized by diverse formats like IPL, T20 Interna-tionals (T20Is), and One Day Internationals (ODIs), poses a unique challenge for score prediction due to its dynamic nature and format-specific nuances. We evaluate a range of machine learning models, including regression techniques, decision trees, and ensemble methods, across these cricket formats. Our analysis considers the significance of feature engineering, encompassing player statistics, pitch conditions, weather, and venue-specific factors, in enhancing predictive accuracy. Results indicate that the effectiveness of machine learning models varies across formats, with XGBoost regression performance in IPL and T20Is is better , whereas ridge regression performed well in ODIs. This research contributes valuable insights for cricket analysts, teams, and enthusiasts seeking to leverage machine learning for informed first inning score predictions, thereby enhancing their understanding of the intricate dynamics within the game.
Experiences of the Coronary Endarterectomy with Closed Technique in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Ertürk Murat , Reyhanoğlu Hasan , Özcan Kaan , Durmaz Isa
Published: October 2023

Background
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) with coronary artery endarterectomy (CE) is a necessary and effective alternative procedure for complete vascularization in diffuse and severe coronary artery disease. The mid- to long-term outcomes of CE remain highly controversial. The aim of this study is to compare the results of closed-technique CABG CE with those of other recently published articles.
Methods
In this prospective study, 6000 patients underwent standard coronary artery bypass grafting between August 2004 and August 2014. Approximately 3.2% of these patients, or a total of 193 patients, underwent CE as part of this surgery. A closed-technique was performed in all patients who underwent CE.
Results
The perioperative myocardial infarction and postoperative morbidity of patients who underwent the closed-technique CE remained unchanged; however, the mortality rate of these patients compared with the open technique CE was lower than that reported in the current literature. In addition, the closed- technique is a highly advantageous technique. It is considered an overall safe procedure because the anastomosis time is short and minimal cross-clamp time when compared with the open technique CE.
Conclusion
The closed-technique CE should be considered an adequate, safe surgical procedure and a good alternative choice for complete revascularization in suitable patients. Furthermore, the closed-technique CE is a safe operation for the patient with excellent survival rates and graft patency rates. In a select group of patients, perioperative and postoperative mortality and morbidity are not high when the procedure is performed by an experienced team of OR.
Caregiving Style and Child Health: A Perspective on Overweight
Authors: Yang Hualei , Tang Xiaoqing , Cao Jinyan
Published: October 2023

Can formal care replace traditional family care and be more beneficial to children's health than informal care? Based on the data from 4708 children aged 0–12 in China, this paper uses the instrumental variables to explore the impact of caregiving style on children's health from the perspective on overweight. The IV results show that children in institutional care are on average 66.4% less likely to be overweight compared to parental care and grandparental care (p < 0.05). The reason is that children who receive formal care have healthier lifestyle habits, such as more exercise and early bedtime. Moreover, grandparental care was the worst outcome. These findings imply that social care is not only better for childbirth, but also for child development. Compared to previous studies, this study used instrumental variables to address the mutual causation endogeneity, making the results more reliable. By telling Chinese stories, it provides reference for Eastern countries with similar cultures.
JEL：J13
Factors associated with central venous pressure in children with parallel circulation after the Norwood operation: insights from high resolution hemodynamic data
Authors: Loomba Rohit S. , Farias Juan S. , Flores Saul , Villarreal Enrique G.
Published: October 2023

Introduction
Central venous pressure (CVP) plays a crucial role in guiding clinical management, particularly in critically ill children. However, its applicability in children with parallel circulation after the Norwood operation remains poorly understood. This study aimed to identify clinical factors associated with CVP in mechanically ventilated children with parallel circulation.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed data from nine neonates with functionally univentricular hearts who underwent the Norwood operation. Various clinical variables, including hemodynamic parameters, ventilatory data, and medication doses, were collected using the T3 software with high temporal resolution. Bayesian linear regression was employed to model CVP using these variables.
Results
A total of 27,270 data points from 1,338 patient hours were analyzed. The most probable model explained only 32.4% of the variance in CVP. Variables significantly associated with CVP included fluid balance, milrinone dose, vasopressin dose, peak airway pressure, mean airway pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, fraction of inspired oxygen, temperature, mean arterial pressure, renal near infrared spectroscopy, and systemic vascular resistance. However, the clinical significance of some associations was limited due to the magnitude of change required in independent variables to affect CVP.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that modeling CVP in neonates with parallel circulation after the Norwood operation is challenging, and CVP is not strongly associated with routinely monitored variables. Clinicians should interpret CVP cautiously and consider other clinical parameters when assessing fluid balance and circulatory status in these patients. Further research is needed to better understand the factors influencing CVP in this unique population.
A Code Completion Model based RWKV with Bimodal Pretraining
Authors: Zhou Lu , Li Shenglin
Published: October 2023

Intelligent code completion has gained popularity as a technology that accelerates the modern software development process by learning vast amounts of code data and providing programming suggestions to developers. However, traditional RNN-based code completion models encounter issues related to their slow training speed, limited number of network layers, and high computational complexity. These concerns pose a significant challenge for these models transitioning toward big data and larger models, such as the transformer. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a new code completion model called RWKVCC for code comprehension and completion. The model utilizes the RWKV neural network architecture, which boasts faster training speeds, deeper network layers, and shorter transformed abstract syntax tree sequence lengths, resulting in improved expressiveness and performance compared to previous RNN-based code completion models. Experimental results demonstrate the superior code completion effect of RWKVCC, as measured by ACC, EM, and Edit Sim, compared to traditional RNN-based models.
Co-producing an online Patient Public Community Research Hub: a qualitative study exploring the perspectives of National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Research Champions in England.
Authors: Hoverd Eleanor , Staniszewska Sophie , Dale Jeremy , Spencer Rachel , Devrell Anne , Khan Dena , Lamouline Carrol , Saleem Sanya , Smith Pam
Published: October 2023

Background
Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) should be embedded as part of researchers’ everyday practice. However, this can be challenging. Creating a digital presence for PPIE as part of Higher Education Institutes’ (HEIs) infrastructure may be one way of supporting this. This can support how information is made available to patients and members of the public, but relatively little is known about how HEIs can best do this. Our aim was to develop a university website for patients and members of the public to learn about ways to get actively involved in research and be able to access the results of health and social care research.
Methods
This project involved working as partners with five National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Research Champions. NIHR Research Champions are volunteers who raise awareness and share experiences about health and social care research. Content of a prototype Patient Public Community Research Hub website was co-produced with the Research Champions, and then 15 NIHR Research Champions from across England were asked for their views about the website.
Findings
The information collected told us that the Patient Public Community Research Hubwas viewed as being beneficial for increasing visibility of PPIE opportunities and sharing the findings of studies though needs further work: to make the information more user-friendly; to improve the methods for directing people to the site and to create new ways of connecting with people. It provides a foundation for further co-development and evaluation. A set of recommendations has been developed that may be of benefit to other HEI’s and organisations who are committed to working with patients and members of the public.
Multi-scale Self-attention Recursive Hierarchical Network Based on Improved Residual Conv-LSTM
Authors: Lv Xiang , Wang changzhong , Zhang Yang
Published: October 2023

Super-resolution Reconstruction (SR) refers to the process of obtaining high resolution (HR) images from low resolution (LR) images. In recent years, with the vigorous development of deep learning, SR technology has been more widely applied, especially those based on convolution neural network (CNN). Although some existing methods use multi-scale convolution for feature extraction, most of them improve network performance by deepening network depth, often ignoring the intrinsic correlation between different hierarchic features. As is known to all, the increase of network depth may lead to training difficulties, insufficient feature extraction, feature details loss and other problems, which seriously limit the applications of network models in practice. Based on this, this paper proposes a multi-scale self-attention recursive hierarchical network (M-SRHN) based on improved residual Conv-LSTM. The proposed network model can achieve good reconstruction performance without sacrificing too many resources. Specifically, a multiscale guided learning self-attentional residual block (MGSRB) is first designed. It has four dilated convolutions and an enhanced spatial self-attention mechanism (ESA). This block can adaptively recalibrate the response of feature space by explicitly modeling the interdependence between spaces. Then, an improved residual LSTM (IRC-LSTM) network is proposed to memorize the output features of MGSRB, which can effectively process and store the memorized feature information. Further, a deep pyramid hierarchical module (DPHB) is used to extract more effective hierarchical information, and multiple MGSRBs, IRC-LSTM and DPHB are stacked to form the main framework of our network. Finally, a recursive subpixel reconstruction network is used to reconstruct images. Compared with some state-of-the-art SR methods, the proposed method had better reconstruction performance.
Influence of Cuo Films Thickness on the Efficiency of Graphite/Cuo/Ni Solar Cells
Authors: Kuryshchuk Serhii I. , Andrushchak Galyna O. , Kovaliuk Taras T. , Mostovyi Andriy I. , Parkhomenko Hryhorii P. , Sahare Sanjay , Solovan Mykhailo M. , Brus Viktor V.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we investigated the potential of copper oxide (CuO) thin films as active layers in thin-film solar cells with a Glass/ITO/Graphite/CuO/Ni structure. Furthermore, the generation rate of charge carriers was derived by modeling the optical field distribution using a transfer metric simulation. Theoretical thresholds for photovoltaic device efficiency were determined for varying active layer thicknesses by employing a normalized light intensity equivalent to that of the AM1.5 spectrum. The current-voltage characteristics are modeled by semi-empirical methods, which illustrate that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency depends on the thickness of the active layer. The highest performance of the simulated structure of the solar cell was 25.2%, obtained for the 500 nm CuO films.
Influence of Varying Welding Parameters on Strength of MIG Welded Mild Steel Joints
Authors: Obura Washington Odhiambo , Mayaka Abel N. , Okumu Eng. Victoria
Published: October 2023

MIG welding is a type of arc welding that uses a continuous solid wire electrode and a shielding gas to join two metals by heating them with an electric arc. We studied process parameters including current, voltage, preheat temperature and post-weld heat treatment. We optimize process parameters of experiments done in previous work using a Taguchi Orthogonal Array (L27) design. A grey based Taguchi method is used to optimize the process parameters. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) is applied to assess the significance of the input parameters on the response parameters. A mathematical model is developed using multiple linear regression equations. Results of this research show that it is possible to get higher strengths of weld joints using Taguchi design. We also find that increasing current (I) and post-weld heat treatment temperature (PWT) increases strength of the studied welded joints, and vice versa. Future research should validate the findings of the current research through experimental investigations.
Above and Belowground Microbes Are Associated With Variation of the Leaf Metabolome; But Herbivory Has Nominal Effects
Authors: Barnes Christopher , Hilton Sally , Nielsen Ida Broman , Ahlstrand Natalie Iwanycki , Hansen Anders Johannes , Frøslev Tobias Guldberg , Rønsted Nina , Bending Gary D
Published: October 2023

Background Microbes are associated with nearly every plant surface and affect the host’s functioning. While many studies to date have investigated the composition of the plant microbiome and compared it with the plant’s metabolome (a measure of the host functioning), a holistic understanding which considers interactions both above and belowground is lacking. In this work, we hypothesise that soil is a reservoir for both root and leaf microbes, and that herbivory disrupts the regulation of the leaf microbial community. We further hypothesise that plant-associated microbial communities will correlate with the leaf metabolome, but the root microbiota will better correlate with the leaf metabolome than the leaf microbiota. To test these hypotheses, fungal and bacterial communities of herbivore-damaged and undamaged leaves, roots and the surrounding soil was characterised across 15Plantago majorpopulations sampled from across geographical and environmental gradients from Denmark. Microbial communities were then compared against untargeted and targeted (anti-herbivory/microbials) leaf metabolomic data. Results We found that the fungal communities showed significant inter-connectivity above and belowground, while bacteria were mainly specialised to each sample type. Herbivory had no effect on leaf microbiome or the metabolome. Fungal root endophytes (Glomeromycotina arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi) and leaf bacteria correlated most strongly with the overall leaf metabolome. However, there were specific pathogenic fungi found in the leaf associated with the abundance of specific metabolites. Conclusions In this study, demonstrate the complexity of plant metabolome-microbiome interactions, and the need to fully integrate the microbiome of different tissue types to fully understand plant’s secondary metabolome. The decreasing costs of -omics methods and high-performance computing costs has made it possible to perform multi-omic, multi-tissue approaches at large-scale, as in this work. It is therefore possible to identify novel plant-microbe interactions, even from plants sampled outside of controlled environments.
Causal Effect of vitamin D on ovarian reserve function: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Xu Dinglin , Zhang Jianwei
Published: October 2023

Background 25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) can improve the ovarian reserve function of women; however, whether this association is causative is uncertain. Methods We performed a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis using publicly released genome-wide association studies (GWAS) statistics. Eligible instrumental variables (IVs) were selected according to the five assumptions of MR analysis. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method was the main method. Complementary methods included the MR-Egger regression, the Weighted Median, the Simple Mode and the Weighted Mode. The exposure factor was 25(OH)D，and the outcome variable was Anti-mullerian hormone (AMH) 、 Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) 、 Luteinizing hormone (LH) and Estradiol (E2).The heterogeneity test and pleiotropic analysis were also carried out. Results Using the IVW method, results of the MR analysis showed that there was no causal association between 25(OH)D with AMH (OR = 0.978, 95%CI: 0.850-1.126 ,P = 0.758,SE=0.072) 、 FSH(OR =1.101, 95%CI: 0.797-1.208,P = 0.859,SE=0.106)、LH (OR =1.004, 95%CI: 0.753-1.339 ,P = 0.977,SE=0.147) and E2(OR = 0.903, 95%CI: 0.985-1.230 ,P 0.091,SE=0.057).In addition, the MR-Egger, the Weighted Median, the Simple Mode and the Weighted Mode methods showed consistent results. These results were confirmed to be reliable and stable by sensitivity analysis. Conclusions We found no evidence that 25(OH)D was causally associated with the ovarian reserve function of women
Crocetin: A Promising Adjunctive Therapy Enhancing Temozolomide Efficacy in Malignant Glioblastoma through Suppression of AKT, ERK, and p38 Signaling Pathways
Authors: Tsai Wei-En , Liu Yen-Tsen , Kuo Fu-Hsuan , Cheng Wen-Yu , Shen Chiung-Chyi , Chiao Ming-Tsang , Hung Yu-Fen , Liang Yea-Jiuen , Yang Yi-Chin , Hsieh Wan-Yu , Chen Jun-Peng , Liu Szu-Yuan
Published: October 2023

Background
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor known for its invasive nature, presenting challenges in surgical resection. Crocetin and crocin, derived from saffron, exhibit potential as natural biomedicines, demonstrating cytotoxic and anticancer effects.
Methods and results
Although research on crocetin in glioma is limited, our study focused on its impact using the U87 cell line. Crocetin effectively suppressed glioma cell viability, proliferation, colony formation, migration, and invasion at concentrations of 75–150 µM. Mechanistically, it downregulated MMP-9 and RhoA mRNA expression, leading to reduced MMP-9 levels and inhibited F-actin polymerization. Additionally, crocetin dose-dependently inhibited AKT phosphorylation at Thr308 and Ser473, suppressing the AKT signaling pathway. Crocetin treatment significantly increased the subG1 and S-phase populations of U87 cells. Combined with TMZ, crocetin synergistically enhanced growth inhibition, potentially through increased apoptosis and suppressed cell replication. Co-treatment of crocetin with TMZ also reduced HMGB1 expression and concurrently decreased RAGE expression. Moreover, crocetin selectively inhibited ERK and p38 phosphorylation in the MAPK signaling pathway while leaving the JNK pathway unaffected.
Conclusion
In conclusion, our findings highlight crocetin's therapeutic potential for glioma treatment. It effectively targets multiple cellular processes involved in glioma progression by modulating MMP-9, RhoA, AKT, and HMGB1. Further research is needed to fully exploit crocetin's therapeutic benefits in glioma treatment.
Trends in fruit and vegetables consumption among Malaysian adults, 2006-2019
Authors: Kee Chee Cheong , Tan Lay Kim , Ghazali Sumarni Mohd , Cheah Yong Kang , Lim Hui Li , Omar Mohd Azahadi
Published: October 2023

Background
Inadequate fruit and vegetables consumption is linked to cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, certain types of cancers, obesity and all-cause mortality. Although the Malaysian Dietary Guidelines 2020 recommended the consumption of at least two servings of fruit and three servings of vegetables daily in the adults, data from several National Health & Morbidity Survey among the Malaysian adults showed remarkedly low prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetables consumption. We aimed to determine the trend in fruit and vegetables consumption among the Malaysian adults between 2006 and 2019.
Methods
We analysed data from five nationally representative, cross-sectional national surveys, namely the Malaysian Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance 2006 (MyNCDS-1), the National Health & Morbidity Survey [NHMS] 2011, the NHMS 2014, NHMS 2015 and NHMS 2019 in this study. We assessed time and sociodemographic (age, sex, ethnicity and household income) trends in prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetables consumption between 2006 and 2019 among Malaysian adults.
Results
We observed a significant downward trend in the prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetables consumption among the Malaysian adults between 2006 and 2019 with each successive survey (3.9%, 4.1%, 1.1%, 2.9% and 2.3%, respectively) (Ptrend<0.001). The prevalence of adequate fruit and vegetables consumption increased significantly with household income and age.
Conclusion
Our data showed a declining trend in fruit and vegetables consumption among Malaysian adults over the 13-year period, suggesting a need for a continuous effort to strengthen the existing healthy eating campaigns. This will not only increase the public awareness about the importance of adequate fruit and vegetables consumption to maintain an optimal health, but also aid in the effort to reverse the declining trend.
Cornulin (CRNN) Contributes to the Development of Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma via Activation of AKT in SCL-1
Authors: Li Changji , Yang Peiwen , Wang Xin , Li Hongbao , Jing Huiling , Zheng Yan , Hou Yuzhu
Published: October 2023

Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is one of the common malignant skin tumors with increasing incidence in recent years, especially in the elderly. There is growing evidence that cornulin (CRNN), as an oncogene, participates in the pathogenesis of various tumors, but its role in cSCC is still unclear. Here, we found that the expression of CRNN was significantly upregulated in cSCC samples compared with normal skin. Downregulation of CRNN expression in cSCC cell line SCL-1 induced growth arrest during the G1/S transition, inhibited cell proliferation, promoted cell apoptosis, and decreased cell invasion and migration. In contrast, overexpression of CRNN promoted cell proliferation and protected cells from basal apoptosis, and these oncogenic effects of CRNN were associated with activation of AKT. Using a mouse xenograft model, we demonstrated that depletion of CRNN suppressed in vivo cSCC tumor growth. These results suggest that CRNN is involved in the occurrence and development of cSCC. Our study provides a the foothold for further evaluating the therapeutic efficacy of CRNN on cSCC.
Intergenerational educational mobility and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Adamecz Anna , Jiang Yuyan , Shure Nikki , Wyness Gill
Published: October 2023

We examine the differential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the labour market outcomes of graduate workers by their family background. Specifically, we compare first in family (FiF) graduates, young people who obtained a university degree even though their parents did not, with their graduate peers whose parents have university degrees. We compare their labour market outcomes using multiple waves of data collected during the pandemic, which are linked to an existing longitudinal study and administrative data. Our results reveal substantial differences in the outcomes of graduates who stopped working, and these differences are heterogenous by gender. Female FiF graduates were more likely to stop working altogether or to be put on an unpaid leave and less likely to be put on furlough or paid leave than non-FiF female graduates. However, we find no such differences between FiF and non-FiF male graduates. Our results highlight how the COVID-19 recession has exacerbated the disadvantage arising from the intersectionality of socioeconomic background and gender and the prolonged impact of parental human capital for women.
JEL Classification Codes I24, J24
Predicting Recurrent Chat Contact in a Low-Threshold Psychological Intervention for Children and Young Adults: A Natural Language Processing Approach
Authors: Hornstein Silvan , Scharfenberger Jonas , Lueken Ulrike , Wundrack Richard , Hilbert Kevin
Published: October 2023

Chat-based counseling hotlines emerged as a promising low-threshold intervention for youth mental health. However, despite the resulting availability of large text corpora, little work has investigated Natural Language Processing (NLP) applications within this setting. Therefore, this preregistered approach (OSF: XA4PN) utilizes a sample of approximately 19,000 children and young adults that received a chat consultation from a 24/7 crisis service in Germany. Around 800,000 messages were used to predict whether chatters would contact the service again, as this would allow the provision of or redirection to additional treatment. We trained an XGBoost Classifier on the words of the anonymized conversations, using repeated cross validation and bayesian optimization for hyperparameter search. The best model was able to achieve an AUROC score of 0.68 (p < .01) on the previously unseen 3,942 newest consultations. A shapely-based explainability approach revealed that words indicating younger age or female gender and terms related to self harm and suicidal thoughts were associated with higher chance of recontacting. We conclude that NLP-based predictions of recurrent contact are a promising path towards personalized care at chat hotlines.
Controlling the Motion of Interfaces in Capillary Channels with Non-uniform Surface Wettability
Authors: BOYLU Mehmet Alptug , CEYHAN Umut
Published: October 2023

The use of self-driven flows in microfluidic devices attracts many researchers as the external flow-driving mechanism is diminished or eliminated. One of the mechanisms providing such motions is generating a pressure difference across interfaces as in the case of the motion in capillary tubes. The capillarity, namely, the pressure difference across the interface due to its curvature drives the motion. This pressure depends on the interaction with the capillary walls and is controlled if one varies the surface energy of the walls. In this study, we search for the effects of surface energy on the motion of interfaces in capillary-driven flow. To this end, we model the motion of fluid particles in a capillary channel and integrate the governing equations using the binary lattice Boltzmann method for the two-phase flow. We, first, validate our solver for canonical static and dynamic problems. We, then, discuss two main contributions; we show how to deviate the interface speed from the ones moving in channels with uniform wall energies and discuss the conditions under which such an interface stagnates (like a passive valve in a channel). Tuning the wettability of the channel walls, we provide a simple condition for stopping the interface: the summation of the equilibrium contact angles interface make with the channel walls at the bottom and top wall need to satisfy $\theta_{eq}^{top}+\theta_{eq}^{bot} \geq \pi$. Configurations and wetting properties of different wettability regions play major roles together
ZnO Katkılı Bazı Cam Örneklerinin Kütle Zayıflama Katsayılarının Monte Carlo ile Hesaplanması
Authors: ŞENGÜL Aycan
Published: October 2023

Bu çalışma, Monte Carlo yöntemi kullanılarak ZnO katkılı bazı cam örneklerinin toplam kütle zayıflama katsayılarını hesaplamayı amaçlamaktadır. Simülasyonlar basitçe, silindir şeklinde soğurucu bir malzeme, NaI(Tl) detektörü,kolimatör ve soğurucuya doğru paralel bir ışın olarak yönlendirilen mono-enerjik fotonlar yayan nokta kaynaktan oluşmaktadır. Problem geometrisindeki tüm bileşenler, numune dışındaki malzemelerde herhangi bir etkileşimi önlemek için vakum bir küre ile çevrelenmiştir. Simülasyon düzeneği bu şekliyle, saçılan fotonların dedektördeki toplam akıya katkı yapması engellemiştir. Simülasyonlar, 10 keV-20 MeV enerji aralığında 39 farklı foton enerjisinde GAMOS 6.2 paketi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışma .çinko oksitin cam örneklere ilave edilmesinin cam örneklerinin radyasyon soğurma özelliklerini arttırdığını göstermiştir. Çalışmanın sonuçları XCOM değerleri ile karşılaştırıldığında iyi bir uyum görülmektedir. Monte Carlo tekniğinin, basit bir model geometrisi kullanarak, geniş bir enerji aralığında, kütlesel zayıflama katsayılarının hesaplanması için bir alternatif olarak kullanılabileceğini ortaya koymuştur.
Renaturierung einer Moorheide durch Abschieben des Oberbodens – Vegetationskundliche Ergebnisse einer 25-jährigen Langzeitstudie
Authors: Raskin Richard , Niedek Verena , Werfling Anja
Published: October 2023

Im Hohen Venn wurde als Ausgleich für den Bau einer Hochspannungsleitung ein degradiertes Heidemoor vor 25 Jahren renaturiert. Zur Wiederherstellung einer Moorheide aus einem artenarmen Pfeifengrasbestand wurde das Abschieben des Oberbodens erprobt. Die vegetationskundlich-floristische Entwicklung der abgeschobenen Fläche zwischen 1993 und 2018 wird beschrieben und naturschutzfachlich bewertet. Die Langzeitstudie zeigt, dass der Oberbodenabtrag eine geeignete Renaturierungsmaßnahme in degradierten Heidemooren darstellt. Es entwickelt sich innerhalb von 25 Jahren eine naturschutzfachlich wertvolle Glockenheide, die als frühe Ausprägung des gebietstypischen Rasenbinsen-Anmoors (Trichophoretum germanici) angesprochen werden kann. Sie steht in engem Kontakt zu Borstgrasrasen und Zwergstrauchheiden, insbesondere dem Torfbinsen-Borstgrasrasen (Juncetum squarrosi).
Insektenbiomasse und Schwebfliegen (Diptera: Syrphidae) im Kottenforst bei Bonn (NRW) im Projektgebiet des EU-LIFE+ Projekts „Villewälder“
Authors: Ssymank Axel
Published: October 2023

Im größten zusammenhängenden Waldgebiet bei Bonn, dem Kottenforst werden derzeit umfangreiche Naturschutzmaßnahmen in einem EU-kofinanzierten LIFE+ Projekt durchgeführt. Im Vorfeld der Maßnahmen wurden Untersuchungen zur Insektenfauna in den Jahren 2015 und 2016 durchgeführt (hier Ergebnisse der Schwebfliegen), die eine Status Quo Aufnahme darstellen, um spätere Auswirkungen der Naturschutzmaßnahmen feststellen zu können. Mit fünf Malaisefallen wurden 137 Schwebfliegenarten nachgewiesen, davon 21 neu für die Bonner Umgebung und fünf neu für Nordrhein-Westfalen. Spezifische Artenausstattung, Biomassen, Vegetation der Untersuchungsflächen werden dokumentiert. Bemerkenswert sind eine Reihe von xylobionten Arten sowie hygrophile Arten, die für die wechselfeuchten und totholzreichen Eichen-Hainbuchen- und Buchenwälder des Kottenforsts auf staufeuchten Decklehmen typisch sind.
Französische Streifenfarn Asplenium foreziense LE GRAND (Aspleniaceae) in Deutschland – Erstnachweis für Hessen und Bemerkungen zum Vorkommen des Jura-Streifenfarns Asplenium fontanum (L.) BERNH.
Authors: Fischer Eberhard , Killmann Dorothee , Lobin Wolfram
Published: October 2023

Der bisher nur aus Bad Ems (Rheinland-Pfalz) bekannte Asplenium foreziense wird erstmals für Hessen am Hangelstein bei Gießen sowie bei Marburg aufgrund von Herbarbelegen nachgewiesen. Am Hangelstein wuchs er zusammen mit Asplenium fontanum auf natürlichen Felsstandorten. Die historischen Angaben am Hangelstein für Asplenium fontanum konnten damit bestätigt werden. Die in der Literatur genannten Vorkommen von Asplenium fontanum bei Marburg beziehen sich auf Asplenium foreziense. Der Rote Liste Status für Asplenium foreziense sollte auf extrem selten hochgestuft werden.
Flora des südlichen Deiches im NSG Siegmündung (BN-005)
Authors: Ziegler Melanie , Möseler Bodo Maria
Published: October 2023

Der Unterlauf der Sieg, die nördlich von Bonn in den Rhein mündet, ist wegen der von Rhein und Sieg ausgehenden Hochwassergefahr beidseitig von Deichen begrenzt. Zum Schutz gegen Erosion tragen diese Bauwerke eine mehr oder weniger dichte Grünlandvegetation, die nach Fertigstellung des Deiches eingesät wurde. Der hier vorgestellte südliche Deich (NSG Siegmündung BN-005) verläuft flussabwärts in wechselndem Abstand die Sieg begleitend im Wesentlichen in südwestlicher Richtung. Dabei zeigen einzelne Deichabschnitte ausgeprägte Expositionsunterschiede mit sonnenabgewandten und sonnenexponierten Standorten. Die daraus resultierenden standörtlichen Unterschiede führen zu einer floristischen Differenzierung zwischen der südlich bzw. nördlich exponierten Deichflanke. Vor allem die sonnenexponierte Deichflanke beherbergt zahlreiche wärmeliebende, lichtbedürftige Arten, die zudem eher nährstoffärmere Standorte bevorzugen. Die langjährige Pflege dieser Deiche sichert auf den sonnenexponierten Deichflanken artenreiche Magerrasen. Die vorliegende Studie ist ein vegetationskundlicher Vergleich der beiden Expositionen des südlichen Siegdeiches und aufgrund des Untersuchungsintervalls keine vollständige floristische Inventur dieses Bereiches.
Improvement of the Quality of 3D Printing in the Mass Production of Parts
Authors: Rud Viktor , Zaika Oleksandr , Samchuk Ludmila , Povstyana Y. S.
Published: October 2023

The article highlights the experience of using 3D printing at automotive enterprises manufacturing automotive wiring. The primary attention was paid to optimizing technologies and modernizing equipment in 3D printing in production conditions. This helped to improve the printing quality at the enterprise and reduce energy consumption during mass printing of parts. The article aims at improving quality and reducing energy consumption during 3D printing in serial production conditions. The technique’s novelty consists of a complex of production optimizations combined into a production rack to improve 3D printing. During the research, negative factors affecting print quality and their elimination were analyzed. An experimental setup for 9 printers was created. As a result, ways to increase energy efficiency according to environmental standards were implemented under the mass production of 3D parts. Overall, the applied technology allowed for reducing the time for the development of new prototypes. This made it possible to reduce the produced parts cost and allowed for implementing urgent changes in manufacturing enterprises.
Investigation of high-energy impact system using a physical model
Authors: Zedgenizov V. G. , Senotrusova T. A.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the experimental research is to validate the theoretical ﬁndings obtained from a mathematical model of a two-mass impact system. The research object is a physical model of a two-mass impact system, designed to prevent the transfer of the reactive component to the tool carrier. The model includes a housing, inertial mass, elastic member and impact part. In the operating position, a compressed elastic member is placed between the inertial mass and the impact part, held together by dogs. The height at which the impact part detaches from the inertial mass is determined by the position of the clamp, which separates the moving impact part and inertial mass during free fall. The study involved the fundamental principles of similarity theory, planning theory and data processing. The height at which the impact part detaches from the inertial mass and the impact part is taken as an independent factor, while the energy of a single impact serves as the response function, determined by the diameter of the cone impression delivered by the impact part onto a wooden base. Based on the analysis of physical laws, similarity criteria for the impact mechanism were established, along with dependent and independent indicators, and transfer equations from real parameters to model parameters were derived. The research ﬁndings indicate that the total area of air holes should be at least half of the cross-sectional area of the housing for a physical model. The relationship between the diameter of the cone impression on the wooden base and the impact energy was determined. The adequacy of the mathematical model describing the processes in the impact device was conﬁrmed, with a maximum discrepancy of 18% between the results of mathematical and physical modelling of the operating process for the impact mechanism characterised by an increased energy of a single impact. Therefore, the research results validate the results obtained from the mathematical model of the impact mechanism. Further studies should focus on reﬁning the physical model to record the rebound height of the inertial mass as a function of the parameters of the impact mechanism.
Design of metal-cutting tool coatings at the atomic level
Authors: Mokritskii B. Ya. , Kosmynin A. V.
Published: October 2023

The research aims to lower tooling costs by reducing the time allotted to designing coatings on domestic cemented carbide metal-cutting tools by using the atomic force approach. The object of the study is coatings on cemented carbides of the tungsten carbide group such as titanium carbide (TiC), titanium nitride (TiN), and titanium (Ti) coatings or a nitride-based titanium, chromium and aluminum (Ti,Cr,Al)N composite coating. To select the most rational coatings, the article employed the method of calculating the functionals of interatomic systems using the density functional description of single atoms. The simplest measure to reduce the cost of designing metal-cutting instruments for manufacturing parts made of difﬁcult-to-machine materials is to develop coatings for this tool type. The article considers various atomic arrangements in the coating material in relation to the WCo8 cemented carbide (VK8, tungsten carbide-cobalt alloy containing 8% cobalt). The calculated values of the interaction energy of the coating material atoms with one another and with the cemented carbide material ranged from 3.04 to 3.5 J/m2. Moreover, the research has established a correlation between the calculation results and the performance parameter of metal-cutting tools considering fracture toughness K1c (MPa ∙ √m). The main result of the study is that the employed computational method made it possible to determine the adhesion value for the atoms of the above-mentioned coating materials with tungsten carbide and cobalt atoms packed in different scale conﬁgurations. This enables the classiﬁcation of coatings from the perspective of ensuring maximum performance properties of the tooling material. The present article assumes that the higher the adhesion value, the better the performance properties. The hypothesis has been conﬁrmed experimentally as well as by the values of fracture toughness K1c. Thus, the most rational coating options have been selected for speciﬁed operating conditions of a metal-cutting tool, which permits reduction of tool design costs and makes it possible to predict the performance properties of tools at the design stage.
Intelligent decision-making support system for the commissioning of a small hydroelectric power plant in the Republic of Tyva
Authors: Krivenko T. V. , Tremyasov V. A. , Kenden K. V. , Kozhemyakin V. E.
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the cutting forces arising when using a single abrasive grain. Analytical studies were carried out using a model of a single abrasive grain in the form of a rod with a radiused apex acting on the workpiece material. The slip-line method (method of characteristics) was used to calculate the deformation intensity of a plastically edged workpiece material under the action of a single grain. Mathematical models were developed for the following factors: plastic deformation of the material, edging of the stagnated zone and its friction against the grain surface when moved upwards in the form of chippings, grain friction against the plastically deformed material, and the action of the dynamic component of plastic deformation. The significance of the dynamic component in the overall balance of forces related to plastic deformation was established by determining the ratio of dynamic stress on the break line and shear yield point. This dependence calculated for D16T and 30HGSA materials showed the feasibility of accounting for the dynamic component system based on a small hydropower station located in the Todzhinsky district of the Republic of Tyva. For an adequate assessment of the operational reliability of hydropower units, a logical and probabilistic method based on the kinetic theory of fault tree was used. The method allows the failures of the used equipment, as well as unplanned shutdowns of units due to a shortage of water resources in the Great Yenisey (low water, overdrying, and frozen frost), to be taken into account. The development of a generation system based on a small hydroelectric power plant for the settlements in the Todzhinsky district of the Republic of Tyva offers a load of up to 2,500 kW, which helps to reduce the cost of purchasing, delivering, and storing diesel fuel, while diesel generators can be used as backup power sources. 3 scenarios of structuring a small hydroelectric power plant were considered that involved various numbers and total capacity of hydrogenating units: 5x500 kW, 4x630 kW, and 3x800 kW. Therefore, by using the multi-criteria optimization method, the optimal structure of the generating system based on a small hydroelectric power plant having three hydroelectric units (each characterized by a capacity of 800 kW) was selected from the three proposed options, taking into account the reliability and uncertainty of the initial information.