bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОГО БУХГАЛТЕРСКОГО СУЖДЕНИЯ ПРИСПИСАНИИ МАТЕРИАЛЬНО-ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННЫХ ЗАПАСОВ
Authors: Фролова О.А. , Зимина Е.В.
Published: February 2025

Мнение специалиста бухгалтерской профессии может оказать существенное влияние на величину показателей себестоимости продукции, прибыли, финансовых показателей организации. Целью исследования является доказательство необходимости применения суждения бухгалтера в профессиональной среде. В работе используются расчётный, аналитический, сравнительный методы исследования. Проанализировав воздействие списания ТМЦ в производство на финансовые результаты деятельности организации, можно сделать вывод о том, что выбор бухгалтером способа списания материалов в производство оказывает влияние на итог работы организации.

Introduction. The opinion of a specialist in the preparation of accounting policies and his management decision plays a significant role in a particular situation. Undoubtedly, this is due to qualifications, knowledge and skills, professional experience, and other factors. The purpose of the study is to analyze the impact of professional judgment of an accountant on the outcome indicators of an organization. Tasks: consideration of ways to write off materials into production analysis of the impact of the writeoff of inventories on the financial performance of OOO PZ Bolshemurashkinskiy (Nizhny Novgorod Region) determination of recommendations for the selection of the optimal option for writing off inventories into production. In the course of the research, computational, analytical, and comparative methods were used. Results. The agricultural organization OOO PZ Bolshemurashkinskiy (Bolsheramashkinsky district of Nizhny Novgorod Region) was chosen to be the object of the research. An assessment of the disposal of stock in production was calculated to make an analysis of the impact of professional judgment of an accountant on the financial performance of the organization. Depending on the used method of writing off inventories, performance of the organization varies. In the accounting policy of the organization, a method of average cost for their disposal is defined. As objects of inventories, fuel and lubricants were analyzed, including the unleaded gasoline AI92K5 and diesel fuel EURO (summer, grade C, environmental class K5). According to the calculations, the FIFO method is found to be the most beneficial. Using the method, the profit of the organization will increase. Conclusion. Any nonstandard situation, contingency, uncertainty, risks for which there are no decisions in the legislative and regulatory framework require the intervention of a competent specialist. Obviously, his opinion can play a decisive role in the formation of financial results.
ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ФУНКЦИОНАЛЬНОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ ОПЕРАТОРА ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫХ МАШИН
Authors: Алиев М.Т. , Буканова Т.С.
Published: February 2025

Представлен способ оценки функционального состояния оператора ЭВМ, который предполагает вычисление и дальнейшую оценку параметров, качественно описывающих деятельность оператора в зависимости от внешних факторов нагрузки. Разработаны система и устройство, реализующие представленный способ, используя оценку характеристик операторской деятельности. Описана методика проведения экспериментальных исследований. В ходе анализа эксперимента установлены основные закономерности изменения функционального состояния оператора, дана качественная характеристика периодам профессиональной деятельности оператора. На основе полученных данных сформулированы отдельные рекомендации по осуществлению трудовой деятельности оператора.
РЕГРЕССИОННО-ВРЕМЕННЫЕ МОДЕЛИ ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ИЗДЕЛИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ТЕХНИКИ
Authors: Захаров Ю.В. , Моисеев Н.Г. , Кайнова А.Д.
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрены способы ускоренной оценки технического состояния изделий электронной техники на этапе эксплуатации методами теории планирования активного эксперимента. Предложен конкретный способ, сокращающий общую продолжительность испытаний для получения регрессионновременной модели прогнозирования качества изделий электронной техники.

Introduction. The increase of requirements for reliability of electronic products results in development of methods, which allow estimating their technical state during the operation stage quickly and with a high confidence level. The development of such methods is possible, when the dependence of the technical state of electronic products on influencing factors and operating time is plotted. The mathematical expression, approximating such dependence, is called a regressiontime model. Therefore, the most efficient method of its construction is the theory of active experiment design. For obtaining a regressiontime model, specially planned tests are carried out. Meanwhile, there are two methods of including time in the model: to conduct each test in the experiment design during the time t to consider the time t as an additional factor along with factors electronic products operating conditions. The purpose of the work is to study the methods of the construction of a regressiontime model in accordance with the total duration of electronic products tests for reducing financial and time costs. Results. When constructing regressiontime models, using the method of the theory of active experiment design, experiment designs of the second order found the most common application in electronic instrument making: an orthogonal central composite design a rotatable central composite design a Box design a Hartley design a BoxBehnken design. These designs were studied in accordance with the duration of products tests. When comparing methods of the construction of the regressiontime model, the number of factors к, determining the numerical value of electronic products quality indicator was taken as equal to: 2 3 4 5 6. It was obtained that including time in the experiment design as an additional factor reduces the general duration of tests with any number of factors к. The experiment design of the orthogonal central composite order when к2 and к4, the Hartley design when к3 and к5, the BoxBehnken design when к6 have the maximum gain in the duration of tests. Conclusion. When constructing the regressiontime model of forecasting the dependence of electronic products quality indicator on conditions and operating time using the method of the theory of active experiment design, it is necessary to consider time as an additional factor in the experiment design. The inclusion of time into the experiment design as an additional factor reduces the general duration of electronic products reliability tests from 10 to 48 depending on the experiment design type and the number of factors, determining the numerical value of the electronic product quality indicator.
РАЗРАБОТКА ЦИФРОВОГО АЛГОРИТМА ДЕМОДУЛЯЦИИ СИГНАЛОВ С ОТНОСИТЕЛЬНОЙ ФАЗОВОЙ МАНИПУЛЯЦИЕЙВТОРОГО ПОРЯДКА
Authors: Глушков А.Н. , Оболонская А.В.
Published: February 2025

В статье решаются вопросы повышения помехоустойчивости и быстродействия цифровых демодуляторов сигналов с относительной фазовой манипуляцией (ОФМ) второго порядка. Показано, что для достижения заданной цели необходима разработка быстрого цифрового алгоритма. Проанализированы существующие аналоги устройств обработки сигналов с данным видом модуляции, показаны их недостатки. Разработаны архитектура и алгоритм демодуляции сигналов с ОФМ второго порядка. Приведены иллюстрирующие примеры его функционирования, показаны решённые проблемы.

Introduction. Currently, radio communication systems that employ phaseshift keying and differential phaseshift keying have high noise immunity and are widely used in radio engineering. Specialized and universal computing systems are widely employed in designing stateoftheart digital radio receivers to perform signal processing. The hardware components of such systems implement fast digital signal processing algorithms. Current signal processing algorithms with differential phaseshift keying are difficult to implement. However, they ensure potential noise immunity and are insensitive to random phase variations and random frequency shifts caused by the Doppler effect. The aim of the research is the development and study of the digital algorithm for demodulating signal with the second order differential phaseshift keying. Research methods. In order to solve the problem, we used analytical and computational methods of the signal processing theory, mathematical analysis and digital signal processing, numerical methods, computer programming and modeling methods. Mathcad framework was employed to carry out and document engineering and scientific calculations. Conclusions. A fast digital algorithm for demodulating signals with the second order differential phaseshift keying was developed. It allows to use the minimum number of simple arithmetic operations for each period of the signal being processed. Practical implications. Research outcomes can be applied to improving algorithms for demodulating signal with the second order differential phaseshift keying, applied, in particular, in the radio communication systems. For the algorithm we received a certificate of state registration No. 2019617675 in the Register of Computer Programs issued by the Federal Service for Intellectual Property of the Russian Federation. The date of state registration is June 18, 2019.
КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ТРАФИКА ИНТЕРНЕТА ВЕЩЕЙ ПО СТАТИСТИЧЕСКИМ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКАМ ПОТОКОВ
Authors: Бикмухамедов Р.Ф. , Надеев А.Ф.
Published: February 2025

Количество устройств и приложений интернета вещей (Internet of Things IoT) стремительно растёт, генерируется сетевой трафик с новыми свойствами, требующими изучения. В данной работе была проведена обработка признаков для ста тысяч потоков, принадлежащих бытовым устройствам различных категорий. Для решения задачи многоклассовой классификации приложений прикладного уровня были протестированы такие алгоритмы машинного обучения, как логистическая регрессия, метод опорных векторов, решающее дерево, случайный лес, градиентный бустинг и многослойный перцептрон. Проведён анализ признаков для классификации, а также предложен новый признак множество найденных TCP флагов в потоке. Проведён сравнительный анализ алгоритмов классификации трафика IoT.

Introduction. The problem of network traffic classification is wellknown. However, literature review showed that there is a lack of computationally lightweight models for Internet of Things traffic classification that have sufficient performance for industrial applications. The aim of the research is to analyze the feasibility of developing a lightweight classifier that pays special attention to features designing. To solve the task of multiclass classification for network flows we used traffic records of one hundred thousand flows of IoT home appliances. In order to mark the flows, we employed nDPI module that showed presence of 12 different protocols within the traffic records. We proposed a new flow feature of categorical type that describes a set of TCPflag fields within a flow. In the studies we evaluated different feature sets in four scenarios. The first one used base features including quintiles, average, max and min values for packet size, transport layer payload, TCPwindows and so on. In the second scenario, we additionally considered the derivatives of packet interarrival time, whereas in the third scenario we replaced the temporal features with the previously proposed feature. The fourth scenario considers all discussed features. Besides, according to the Accuracy and F1measure metrics we carried out a comparative analysis of machine learning algorithms including Logistic Regression, Support Vector Method, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Multilayer Perceptron. Findings of the research showed the introduced feature results in an increase in the performance of F1measure logistic regression from 98.7 to 99.5, closely approaching to more comprehensive algorithms. On the other hand, the performance of the other algorithms was not sensitive to feature set changes, showing performance over 99.8 even for the base features. At the same time, Gradient Boosting exhibited the best performance, close to 99.9 in the second scenario. The results obtained according to the Accuracy metric were quite similar to F1measure metric. Conclusions. Thus, studies outcomes proved the feasibility of developing a computationally lightweight model for IoT traffic classification with performance over 99.5 by means of applying logistic regression.
Программная система управления работой камнедробильной установки
Authors: Морохин Д.В.
Published: February 2025

В статье представлено описание разработанной системы управления камнедробильной установкой, построенной на основе объектно ориентированного подхода. Предложен оригинальный способ конфигурирования подобных систем, отличающийся от известных большими возможностями по изменению структуры и состава установки, а также устраняющий основные недостатки существующих решений. Ключевые слова: система управления; камнедробильная установка; программируемый логический контроллер; Codesys

Introduction. Stone crushing units or plants are widely used tools for road construction. The issues of automating the operation of such tools are topical not only in terms of reducing the cost of the crushing process, increasing its productivity, but also to minimize the man influence on the performance of plants, improve working conditions, and other economic indicators. There is a need in developing specialized exchange protocols, which also need to be changed when the equipment configuration changes. The proposed system allows to avoid changing the program when reconfiguring or upgrading equipment. The aim of the work is to create an easy-to-configure and at the same time functional software system designed to control the production process of stone crushing. Findings. The developed system has wide functionality for reconfiguring when changing its configuration. The program has 4 modes: operation, setup, cancellation and stop. In the operating mode, the program starts the units in semi-automatic mode by the user under the control of the program. The cancel mode is vice versa to the operating mode. In setup mode, fully manual control is performed without program control. In stop mode, all units do not operate. In addition to this, an adaptive accident control system and logging of the main system parameters have been implemented. The result is a scalable, highly customizable stone crusher control system. Besides, an intuitive and functional user interface is also implemented. Practical significance. The developed system has been put into production.
Разработка имитационной модели смесительной установки на LABVIEW
Authors: Охоткин Г.П. , Храмов Л.Д. , Васильева Л.Н. , Чумаров С.Г.
Published: February 2025

Разработана имитационная модель смесительной установки в виде виртуальных приборов. Виртуальный прибор системы управления представляет собой дискретный автомат, содержащий таймер, реализованный на двух структурах цикла, вложенных друг в друга, предназначенный для формирования выдержки времени работы привода мешалки. Достоверность работы моделей и алгоритмов управления смесительной установки подтверждается временными диаграммами, полученными в ходе имитационного моделирования. Модели могут быть использованы в дальнейшем для разработки программы пользователя контроллером и тестирования программы управления в реальном времени на основе имитационной модели смесителя.

Introduction. In order to develop algorithms for controlling technological processes, it is necessary to have a mathematical model of the control object. However, using different mathematical models to describe control objects can complicate algorithm design and prolong the time required for creating process control programs. To address these challenges and expedite the development of process control programs, various modeling tools such as LabVIEW can be utilized. However, existing literature lacks comprehensive coverage of the development of simulation models for technological process control objects. Therefore, the development of simulation models for technological processes is topical. The aim of this article is to develop a simulation model of a technological installation to verify the reliability of the process control algorithm. Methods include theory of differential equations, operator methods for representing dynamic processes in systems, automata theory and simulation modeling techniques for dynamic systems. Conclusions. Simulation models for the control object, mixer control system, and the entire mixing plant were developed using LabVIEW and presented as virtual instruments. The control object model belongs to continuously discrete systems, while the control system model belongs to discrete (event-driven) systems. The virtual instrument representing the control system consists of a discrete automaton that incorporates a timer implemented with two nested cycle structures. This timer is designed to introduce a time delay for the electric agitator drive. The reliability of the mixing plant models and control algorithms was confirmed through time diagrams obtained during simulation modeling. The practical significance of this research is manifested in the utilization of the developed models for future development of a controller user program and for testing a real-time control program based on the mixer simulation model.
КОМПЛЕКСНАЯ ЭКСПРЕСС-ОЦЕНКА ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ ЛЕСОВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЯ В ЛЕСАХ ЗЕЛЁНОЙ ЗОНЫ
Authors: Краснобаева С.Ю. , Карасев В.Н. , Карасева М.А.
Published: February 2025

Проведена оценка жизненного состояния сосны обыкновенной в рекреационных лесах зелёной зоны г. Казани. По биометрическим и биоэлектрическим показателям выделены семенные деревья с высокой интенсивностью обменных процессов. Приведены показатели жизненного состояния подроста сосны обыкновенной, полученного с данных семенников, сформировавшегося после проведения котловинно-выборочных и равномерно выборочных рубок с мерами содействия естественному возобновлению.

Introduction. To save the pine gene resources of the green belt (suburb of Kazan), foresters of the Republic of Tatarstan introduced various technologies for forest restoration. The goal of the research is to assess the technologies for forest restoration in the green belt by number and live condition of undergrowth and forest plantations under forest crown cover. The considered undergrowth and forest plantations were diagnosed on morphometric and bioelectric indices. Objects and methods of research. Uneven-aged (70–150 years) wild stand of Scots pine with no natural regeneration and with a number of weakened, doted, and overmature trees was studied. At that, the share of weakened, doted, and overmature trees is constantly growing. After selection assessment, researchers of East-European Forest Experiment Station and Suburban forestry farm conducted single tree selective felling and group selective cutting in order to promote the natural regeneration with soil mineralization. To get quick assessment of the efficiency of the technology, morphometric and bioelectric indices of mother trees, undergrowth, and forest plantations under forest crown cover were specified. Results. High value of bioelectric potentials ( 185–230 mV) are typical for 70–80-year old stands with quick substance exchange. Overmature and weakened trees have low value of bioelectric potentials (66–100 mV). The undergrowth on the plots of group selection is of better physiological state in comparison with the undergrowth on the plots of single tree selection. In the case of group selection, regeneration with the undergrowth of the best and medium physiological state takes 70,5 %. On the plots of single tree selection, the general share of pine undergrowth of the best and medium physiological state is 33,5 %. The trees of the best state had 180–230 mV bioelectric potential, weakened trees - 60–80 mV. The impedance of precambial complex of tissues of pine undergrowth is better (29,1 ± 0,83 kiloohm) than the impedance of precambial complex of tissues of physiologically weakened trees ( 80–300 kiloohm). Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of physiological state when selecting mother trees and their undergrowth made it possible to consider the system of group-selective felling with the preliminary selection of mother trees to be better technology for developing the plantations of the local undergrowth and for saving the gene resources and ecological functions of forests in the green belt of the city.
РОЛЬ ИСТОРИИ РАССЕЛЕНИЯ И ИНТРОГРЕССИИ В МОРФОЛОГИИ POPULUS NIGRA L. В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОЙ ЧАСТИ АЛТАЕ-САЯНСКОЙ ГОРНОЙ СТРАНЫ
Authors: Прошкин Б.В. , Климов А.В.
Published: February 2025

Introduction. The morphology of P. nigra remains poorly studied in the northwestern part of the AltaiSayan mountainous country. Field studies of populations in the basins of the Tom, Biya and Katun rivers showed that there are individuals with a translucent edge of the lamina and leaf pubescence. It is difficult to consider the indicated signs as the manifestation of exclusively intraspecific variability of P. nigra in the indicated part of the range. Since here is a zone of its joint growth and natural crossing with P. laurifolia (Tacamahaca section), and some of them may be the result of introgressive hybridization. The goal of this study is to examine some of the morphological features of P. nigra in the zone of natural hybridization in the northwestern part of the AltaiSayan highland, to identify the nature of their occurrence and practical value. Material and methods of study. The studies were performed in nine populations of P. nigra in the floodplain of the Tom river, in two of the Katun river and in one of the Biya river. Signs of vegetative organs were investigated using comparative morphological and anatomical methods. Results and discussion. In the studied plantations of the Katun river all the trees have leafy plates with a welldefined translucent edge, on the Biya river the number of such trees is slightly reduced, and they are not observed in the Tom river populations. The leaves do not differ in the anatomical structure of the leaf edge, however, the process of formation of the cuticle layer by the cells of the epidermis is different. The nature of the development of the cuticle and, as a result, a different refraction, create the effect of visibility of the border of the hypodermis along the edge of the plate in Altai plants. The symptom of pubescence in P. nigra is expressed in all the populations confined to the foci of hybridization. Conclusions. The studies have shown that in the zones of natural hybridization of species of the Populus genus, qualitative morphological features may have a different nature. The differences in severity of the semitransparent edge of the lamina in P. nigra observed in the areas of its spontaneous crossing with P. laurifolia in the river basins of the Katun, Biya and Tom can be considered as intraspecific taxon variability unrelated to hybridization and due to different paths of recolonization of territories after the Pleistocene Holocene glaciation. The presence of pubescent forms of P. nigra is a phenotypic manifestation of introgression. The part of individuals with pubescence is characterized by a high rooting rate of woody cuttings. Therefore, the use of this visual feature will allow adjusting the program for the selection of its economically valuable forms.
СЕЗОННЫЙ РОСТ ИНТРОДУЦЕНТОВ РОДА SORBUS (ROSACEAE) В ТАЁЖНОЙ ЗОНЕ (КАРЕЛИЯ)
Authors: Кищенко И.Т.
Published: February 2025

Изучали сезонный рост побегов семи интродуцированных видов Sorbus L в Ботаническом саду Петрозаводского государственного университета (Южная Карелия, подзона средней тайги) в течение двух лет с мая по сентябрь. Исследованиями установлено, что время начала и кульминации прироста стеблей и листьев зависит от температурного режима воздуха. Изза погодных различий оно может изменяться по годам в пределах 13 недель. Обнаружено, что между интенсивностью прироста побегов и динамикой метеорологических факторов прослеживается положительная и довольно тесная зависимость. Из всех изученных интродуцированных видов наиболее адаптированными к району исследования являются S. аmericana и S. discolor, которые можно рекомендовать для озеленительных работ в таёжной зоне.

The article presents the results of the study performed in the Botanical Garden of Petrozavodsk State University (South Karelia, subzone of the middle taiga) in 20162017 from April to October. The objects of the study are seven introduced species: Sorbushybrida L., S. decora L., S. sibirica Hedl., S. virginiana Mill., S. americana Marsh., S. amurensis Koehne., S. discolor Maxim. The goal of the study is to examine the growth of shoots of introduced species of the Sorbus genus and their prospects in the conditions of Karelia. The growth of stems and leaves in length was measured every twothree days. The promise of introduction was evaluated by the integral method. The study has shown that the growth of stems and leaves of the Sorbus species under study begins in May. However, time differences between species can be 411 days. The time of cessation of the growth of stems and leaves of different Sorbus species differs by no more than two eight days and occurs in July. The onset and culmination of the growth of stems and leaves are determined mainly by air temperature. Therefore, they may experience weather variability within one three weeks. Between the intensity of the growth of stems and leaves, on the one hand, and the dynamics of temperature and humidity, precipitation and solar radiation, on the other hand, there is usually a positive and rather noticeable relationship. Сonclusion. The most adapted ones to the study area among all the introduced Sorbus species are S. americana and S. discolor, they can be recommended for planting works.
БИОКАТАЛИТИЧЕСКАЯ МОДИФИКАЦИЯ КУКУРУЗНОГО КРАХМАЛА ДЛЯ УЛУЧШЕНИЯ ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК КАРТОНА
Authors: Михайлова О.С. , Крякунова Е.В. , Канарский А.В. , Казаков Я.В. , Романова А.Н. , Житнюк В.А.
Published: February 2025

Процесс производства бумаги и картона наряду с совершенствованием его аппаратурного оформления во многом зависит от правильного применения связующих и проклеивающих веществ, в частности, нативного и модифицированного крахмала. Для оптимального повышения деформационных свойств бумаги и картона необходимо превратить амилопектин крахмала в линейные полимеры, ответственные за образование поперечных сшивок между волокнами целлюлозы. Введение в крахмальный клейстер ферментного препарата пуллуланаза позволяет увеличить процентное содержание линейных биополимеров в крахмале, что позволяет повысить структурную жёсткость картона за счёт образования поперечных сшивок между отдельными целлюлозными волокнами.

Introduction. In recent years in connection with the expansion of paper and cardboard production, the requirements for physical and mechanical properties of these materials have increased due to the conditions of their production and applying. However, the strength of cellulosebased fibrous materials is significantly less than the strength of the fibers from which they are made, since the bonds between the single cellulose fibers in paper and cardboard are weak. The surface treatment of paper and cardboard with starch containing a lot of linear polymers will increase the deformation properties of these materials, because these polymers can penetrate into the structure of paper and cardboard, fill the interfiber space and form a greater amount of hydrogen bonds among the single cellulose fibers. The goal of this study was to determine the effect of amylose and other linear polymers amount in the corn starch on the cardboard physical and mechanical properties. Starch paste containing dry matter in an amount of 2 with the added enzyme preparations was incubated for 3 hours at a temperature of 50 C with constant stirring. Then, the starch paste was applied to the cardboard surface and dried by the convective method. Determination of the deformation properties of materials was carried out with obtaining of the loadelongation indicator diagram and the stressstrain dependence diagram. It is known that the percentage of amylose in corn starch is small. However, a threehour treatment of starch paste with the pullulanase enzyme allows to increase the content of amylose and other linear polymers in the paste in 3 times. It is possible to conclude that the effect of corn starch enzymatic treatment on the cardboard deformation properties are interrelated with the content of linear polymers in the chemical composition of starch. These linear polymers are responsible for the formation of additional crosslinks among cellulose fibers. Starch paste treatment with the pullulanase allows to increase the percentage of linear biopolymers in the starch and to obtain a cardboard with the increased structural rigidity both in the longitudinal and transverse fiber directions.
Результаты и перспективы изучения защитных лесных насаждений в аридных регионах ЕВРОПЕЙСКОЙ ТЕРРИТОРИИ РОССИИ
Authors: Сапанов М.К. , Кулакова Н.Ю. , Костин М.В. , Колесников А.В. , Быков А.В. , Сиземская М.Л.
Published: February 2025

Лесные насаждения важные компоненты ландшафтов аридных регионов, выполняющие разнообразные защитные и социальные функции. 70-летний опыт создания, выращивания и поддержания лесных насаждений на Джаныбекском и Аршань-Зельменском стационарах Института лесоведения РАН позволяет на современном этапе подойти к разработке новых подходов к управлению такими экосистемами в жёстких условиях дефицита влаги. Предложен пакет разработок (в том числе патенты и рекомендации) создания социально востребованных насаждений, который включает циклы проектирования, параметры, дизайн, лесокультурные технологии и основы ведения хозяйства, что позволяет с минимальными затратами формировать и сохранять долговечные, устойчиво функционирующие агролесомелиоративные системы, улучшающие условия труда и жизни местного населения.

Forest plantation is an important component of landscapes in the arid zones. The plantations fulfill a number of protective and social functions. A 70-year-old experience of establishing, growing, and supporting forest plantations in the Dzhanybekskiy and Arshan-Zelmenskiy stations ( Institute of Forest Science, RAS) allows to approach the elaboration of some new paradigms of management of these ecosystems in the hard conditions of water deficit at the present stage. A number of elaborations (patents and recommendations are included) for establishing a socially-demanded plantations is offered. The elaborations include the design cycles, parameters, design, silvicultural technologies, and fundamentals of management, which makes it possible to establish and conserve a long-term, sustainably functioning agroforestry systems enhancing the living and working conditions of the local population with the minimum expenses.
МОНИТОРИНГ СОСТОЯНИЯ ЛЕСОВ КЕДРА ЛИВАНСКОГО В СИРИЙСКОЙ АРАБСКОЙ РЕСПУБЛИКЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ ГЕОПРОСТРАНСТВЕННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ
Authors: Ибрагим А.А. , Кубайлы E.К. , Tабит А.М.
Published: February 2025

Введение. Дистанционный мониторинг и картографирование лесных территорий с использованием новейших технологических достижений в области спутниковых изображений является альтернативным решением для устойчивого лесопользования по сравнению с традиционными наземными измерениями. Материалы дистанционного зондирования представляют собой важный источник информации для мониторинга изменений в растительном покрове. Целью данного исследования явилась оценка изменений в статусе сохранности естественных насаждений кедра ливанского (Cedrus libani) в их единственной естественной среде обитания на территории Сленфех и Джавбат Бургал Сирийской Арабской Республики (САР) за 1984–2014 гг. с помощью дистанционного зондирования и ГИС. В работе были использованы 17 изображений нормализованного дифференцированного вегетационного индекса (NDVI) по данным Landsat 4, 5 и 8 за исследуемый период. Результаты показали значительную тенденцию к увеличению NDVI для естественных насаждений кедра ливанского на территории Сленфехе и Джавбат-Бургале САР в период 1984–2014 гг. Выводы. Естественные насаждения кедра в Сирии находятся в устойчивом состоянии и, следовательно, способны к естественному лесовозобновлению и росту, особенно при применении соответствующих лесоводственных мероприятий.

Advanced monitoring and mapping of forest areas using the latest technological advances in satellite imagery is an alternative solution for sustainable forest management compared to conventional ground measurements. Remote sensing products have been a key source of information and cost-effective option for monitoring changes in vegetation areas. The aim of this study is to assess the changes in conservation status of the natural stands of Cedrus Libani A. Richard (C. libani) in their only natural habitat in Syria, Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal, during the period 1984-2014 by using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems (GIS). 17 various Landsat images; Landsat 4, 5 and 8 and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were used during the period 1984-2014.The results showed a signiﬁcant increase trend of NDVI for the natural stands of C. libani in Slenfeh and Jawbat Burghal during 1984-2014; which reflects the good health status of the natural Cedar stands in Syria and thus its ability to fruit and regenerate naturally especially when appropriate sylvicultural treatments are applied.
Параметрическая модель процесса взаимодействия оператора и технической системы
Authors: Стешина Л.А. , Петухов И.В.
Published: February 2025

Введение. Коллаборация человека и технической системы является на сегодня одним из главных трендов эргатических систем. Считается, что мощным инструментом проектирования таких систем может являться искусственный интеллект на базе адекватных моделей, актуальных для реализации антропоцентричного подхода при разработке лесных машин и тренажёров для подготовки операторов. Таких универсальных моделей не обнаружено.Цель – анализ предметной области взаимодействия оператора и технической системы с позиции системного описания, разработка и представление параметрической модели взаимодействия в процессе профессиональной деятельности. Объектом являются модели в области лесных машин, что учитывает специфику профессионального взаимодействия. Методы решения задачи сводятся к наиболее важным требованиям: системность описания; структурная достоверность; достоверность отношений между элементами системы и подсистемами. Результаты. Представленная параметрическая модель может являться основой разработки новых методов измерения первичных сенсорных, когнитивных и моторных функций оператора в условиях, приближенных к реальной практической деятельности. При этом будет обеспечена сегментация отдельных профессиональных функций и их максимально возможная изоляция от других функций.

Introduction. Collaboration between a human and a technical system is currently one of the key trends in ergatic systems. It is assumed that a powerful tool for designing these systems is artificial intelligence based on adequate models that are relevant for implementing an anthropocentric approach in the development of forest machines and operator training simulators. Such universal models have not been found. The paper aims to analyze the subject area of the interaction between an operator and a technological system from the system definition perspective, as well as to develop and present a parametric model of interaction in the course of professional activities. Models in the area of forest machinery are the object of the research, which takes into account the specificity of professional interaction. The methods for solving the problem are centered around the most important requirements: description systematicity, structural validity, and the validity of relationships between system elements and subsystems. Results. The presented parametric model can be the basis for the development of new methods of measuring the primary sensory, cognitive and motor functions of an operator under conditions approximating actual practice. At the same time, the segmentation of individual professional functions and their maximum possible isolation from the other functions will be ensured.
PENGARUH GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN, MOTIVASI DAN PELATIHAN TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN DINAS PEKERJAAN UMUM KABUPATEN SINTANG
Authors: B11211031 Mujahidin
Published: February 2025

Dalam 3 (tiga) tahun terakhir ini, jumlah keluhan masyarakat terkait kinerja karyawan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum kabupaten Sintang semakin meningkat, hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah temuan-temuan yang didapatkan dari kinerja karyawan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Sintang,Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan, motivasi dan pelatihan terhadap kinerja karyawan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Sintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner dan dilakukakan pada 96 karyawan Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Kabupaten Sintang.Analisis data pada penelitian ini menggunakan bantuan SPSS versi 17.Teknik sampling yang dipakai adalah metode sensus dan teknik pengujian data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi uji validitas dengan analisis faktor, uji reliabilitas dengan Alpha Cronbach.Uji asumsi klasik dan analisis regresi liner berganda, untuk menguji dan membuktikan hipotesis penelitian. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan tidak berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Motivasi berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan dan pelatihan berpengaruh positif terhadap kinerja karyawan. Kata Kunci : Gaya kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Pelatihan dan Kinerja Karyawan.
PENGARUH EFEKTIFITAS PELATIHAN TERHADAP KINERJA PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL DI LINGKUNGAN DINAS PEMUDA DAN OLAHRAGA PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: B11211083 Yefrizal
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang efektifitas pelatihan terhadap kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Disamping itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektifitas pelatihan terhadap kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di Lingkungan Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Variabel efektifitas pelatihan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 4 sub variabel yaitu reaksi, belajar, perilaku dan hasil. Jenis penelitian yang dilaksanakan adalah Metode Assosiatif atau desain kausal. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi Kalimantan Barat berjumlah 70 orang, besar sampel berjumlah 30 orang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan realibitasnya. Pengukuran terhadap variabel-variabel yang telah diuji validitas dan reabilitasnya. Pengukuran terhadap variabel-variabel dijabarkan dalam item-item pernyataan yang merujuk pada skala likert, dengan kisaran skor antara 1 5. Sub variabel reaksi (X1) Sub variabel belajar (X2) Sub variabel (X3). Sub variabel hasil (X4), sedangkan variabel terikatnya adalah Kinerja (Y). Hasil analisis Assosiatif atau desain kausal menunjukkan bahwa program pelatihan yang dilaksanakan dan kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil di lingkungan Dinas Pemuda dan Olahraga Provinsi Kalimantan Barat secara umum sudah baik dan hasil pengujian statistic menunjukkan bahwa sub variabel reaksi dan hasil berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil. Sedangkan sub variabel belajar dan perilaku tidak terbukti berpengaruh terhadap kinerja. Kata Kunci : Efektifitas Pelatihan, Komitmen Organisasi untuk mencapai hasil yang maksimal.
A Theoretical Framework for Absolute Quantification in Digital Immunoassays and the Advancements in Droplet-Based Digital Immunoassay Methodologies
Authors: Guo Liang , Mao Tianjiao , Lu Liang , Xiao Yipi , Ai Fanrong , Wang Jiani , Yao Jing , Yan Xiluan , Li Huan
Published: February 2025

Conventional single-molecule immunoassay models, which model on a single discrete Poisson distribution, are inadequate for achieving theoretical absolute quantification of target proteins. We introduce a novel approach that models the capture of target proteins by magnetic beads in digital immunoassays as a Poisson process, treating the beads as discrete units. The subsequent secondary sampling process is modeled using hypergeometric distributions. By implementing a droplet-based absolute quantification method, we establish two technical approaches, the bead-counting method and the external calibration method, that eliminate the necessity for traditional calibration curves. Comparative analyses with existing techniques, such as Single Molecule Immunoassays and Electrochemiluminescence Immunoassays, demonstrate enhanced feasibility and wide digital linear range of our methods. Furthermore, we explore the feasibility of an internal calibration method. Our theoretical framework effectively addresses the critical challenge of absolute quantification in protein immunoassays. It provides essential support for the development of precise protein quantification techniques and extends the capabilities of digital immunoassays in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.
Ternary Complex Modeling, Induced Fit Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations as a Successful Approach for the Design of VHL-mediated PROTACs Targeting the Kinase FLT3
Authors: Nassar Husam , Sarnow Anne-Christin , Celik Ismail , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Robaa Dina , Sippl Wolfgang
Published: February 2025

Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have proven to be a novel approach for the degradation of disease-causing proteins in drug discovery. One of the E3 ligases for which efficient PROTACs have been described is the Von-Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL). However, the development of PROTACs has so far often relied on a minimum of computational tools, so that it is mostly based on a trial-and-error process. Therefore, there is a great need for resource- and time-efficient structure-based or computational approaches to streamline PROTAC design. In this study, we present a combined computational approach that integrates static ternary complex formation, induced fit docking, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Our methodology was tested using four experimentally derived ternary complex structures of VHL PROTACs, reported for BRD4, SMARCA2, FAK and WEE1. In addition, we applied the validated approach to model a recently in-house developed FLT3-targeted PROTAC (MA49). The results show that static ternary models generated with a protein-protein docking method implemented in the software MOE have a high predictive power for reproducing the experimental 3D structures. The induced fit-docking of different active PROTACs to their respective models showed the reliability of this model for the development of new VHL-mediated degraders. In particular, the induced-fit docking was sensitive to structural changes in the PROTACs, as evidenced by the failed binding modes of the PROTAC negative controls. Furthermore, MD simulations confirmed the stability of the generated complexes and emphasized the importance of dynamic studies for understanding the relationship between PROTAC structure and function.
High Throughput Ligand Dissociation Kinetics Predictions using Site-Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation
Authors: Yu Wenbo , Kumar Shashi , Zhao Mingtian , Weber David , MacKerell Alex
Published: February 2025

The dissociation or off rate, koff, of a drug molecule has been shown to be more relevant to efficacy than affinity for selected systems motivating the development of predictive computational methodologies. These are largely based on enhanced-sampling molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that come at a high computational cost limiting their utility for drug design where a large number of ligands needs to be evaluated. To overcome this, presented is a combined physics- and machine learning (ML)-based approach that uses the physics-based site-identification by ligand competitive saturation (SILCS) method to enumerate potential ligand dissociation pathways and calculate ligand dissociation free energy profiles along those pathways. The calculated free energy profiles along with molecular properties are used as features to train ML models, including tree- and neural network approaches, to predict koff values. The protocol is developed and validated using 329 ligands for thirteen proteins showing robustness of the ML workflows built upon the SILCS physics-based free energy profiles. The resulting SILCS-Kinetics workflow offers a highly efficient method to study ligand dissociation kinetics, providing a powerful tool to facilitate drug design including the ability to generate quantitative estimates of atomic and functional groups contributions to ligand dissociation.
Tuning high-order multiexciton properties of CdSe quantum dots via size and surface modification
Authors: Baruah Raktim , Kumar Krishan , Dellith Jan , Wächtler Maria
Published: February 2025

Excitonic properties of colloidal quantum dots are strongly dependent on size and surface properties. The same is predicted to be valid for the properties of multiexcitons. To realize applications exploiting the generation of multiexcitons in colloidal nanocrystals, it requires a comprehensive understanding of size and surface influence e.g., on the lifetimes of multiexciton species. In this study, we employ intensity-dependent transient absorption spectroscopy to probe multiexcitons in long-chained organic (phosphonic acids and trioctylphosphine oxide), and short inorganic ligand (sulfide, S2−) capped colloidal CdSe quantum dots of four different sizes. To analyse the intensity-dependent transient absorption data a global fit method based on Markov Chain Monte Carlo sampling was employed. Applying a simple Auger recombination model lifetimes and spectra of multiexciton species were analysed. The spectra obtained for different multiexciton species exhibit both size and surface functionalization dependent features, which allow us to distinguish between different species. Independent of the surface modification, we find that the multiexciton lifetimes follow the volume scaling laws established earlier. Owing to the strong surface hole trapping induced by the S2− ligands, S2−-capped QDs show prolonged multiexciton lifetimes compared to the QDs capped with the native organic ligands with long alkyl chains. Deconvoluting contributions of bleach, stimulated emission and photoinduced absorption in the species spectra enables us to determine multiexciton binding energies. We observe a decrease of binding energies with increasing size and a clear reduction in multiexciton binding energies for the S2− -capped QDs. The observed trends can be explained by changes in the overlap of electron and hole wave functions depending on the QDs diameter and the charge carrier localization which can be induced by trapping in surface defect sites.
PHÂN LẬP VÀ TUYỂN CHỌN CÁC CHỦNG LỢI KHUẨN LACTOBACILLUS TIỀM NĂNG KHÁNG MỘT SỐ VI KHUẨN GRAM ÂM GÂY TIÊU CHẢY TRÊN GÀ
Authors: Phương Hoàng Thị Anh , Hải Phan Vũ , Giang Lê Thị Kiều , Đức Lê Minh , Khương Nguyễn Đinh Thùy , Hòa Nguyễn Xuân
Published: February 2025

Nghiên cứu này nhằm phân lập và lựa chọn các chủng Lactobacillus từ phân gà bản địa tại những khu vực nông thôn quanh thành phố Huế, có khả năng chống lại vi khuẩn Escherichia coli FG31-1 và Salmonella typhimurium FC13827 gây bệnh tiêu chảy ở gà. Trong số 67 Lactobacillus spp. phân lập được, 7 chủng được lựa chọn dựa trên hoạt tính kháng khuẩn cao với cả 2 mầm bệnh được chọn. Sau khi khẳng định tính an toàn (không có hoạt tính dung huyết và không tiềm ẩn chứa gene mã hoá kháng kháng sinh), 5 chủng đã được định danh bằng giải trình tự 16S rRNA để khẳng định từ chi Lactobacillus. Kết quả 5 chủng được định danh gồm LA8 (L. plantarum 1582), LA3 (L. plantarum JDM1), LA18 (L. acidophilus NCFM), LA5 (L. agilis DSM 20509), LA36 (L. agilis La3). Trong đó, chủng có tiềm năng được lựa chọn là L. plantarum 1582 dựa trên các đặc tính probiotic vượt trội như khả năng sinh enzyme ngoại bào (amylase và protease), khả năng bám dính vào niêm mạc ruột (tính kị nước, khả năng tự/đồng kết tụ), khả năng chống chịu axit và muối mật của đường tiêu hóa gà. Kết quả nghiên cứu này là cơ sở khoa học cho việc sử dụng chế phẩm sinh học từ Lactobacillus như một giải pháp thay thế kháng sinh tiềm năng chống lại vi khuẩn gây bệnh đường tiêu hóa trong chăn nuôi gà.