bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact and operational feasibility of adding malaria infection screening using an ultrasensitive RDT for placental and fetal outcomes in an area of high IPTP-SP coverage in Burkina Faso: the ASSER MALARIA pilot study protocol
Authors: Tahita Marc Christian , Sondo Paul , Kabore Berenger , Ilboudo Hamidou , Rouamba Toussaint , Sanou Hyacinthe , Ouédraogo Kadija , Compaoré Adélaïde , Lompo Palpouguini , Ouedraogo Florence , Sawadogo Seydou , Derra Karim , Sawadogo Yabré Edmond , Somé Athanase M. , Nana Macaire , Sorgho Hermann , Traore-Coulibaly Maminata , Bassat Quique , Tinto Halidou
Published: October 2022

Background

Malaria infection during pregnancy (MIP) is not only deleterious to the woman, but it also puts her fetus at increased risk of adverse outcomes, such as preterm delivery, low birth weight, and intrauterine growth retardation. Additionally, all-cause mortality during the first year of life in babies born to women with malaria during pregnancy is also increased. Many interventions such as IPTp-SP and long-lasting insecticidal nets have proven to be efficient at reducing malaria in pregnancy burden but adherence to recommended policies remains poor. In sub-Saharan Africa, malaria in pregnancy is often asymptomatic and many malaria infections may be missed due to the inadequate performance of the current rapid diagnostic test to detect low-level parasitemias. Therefore, additional strategies such as intermittent screening with ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with an effective artemisinin-based combination therapy in addition to IPTp-SP could reduce placental malaria, peripheral malaria infection at delivery, and low birth weight.

Methods

This pilot 2-group randomized open trial with a nested qualitative social behavioral will be carried out in Nanoro district in which 340 pregnant women will be recruited. Pregnant women will be randomized into two groups and followed on a monthly basis until delivery. In the intervention group, monthly screening using ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment of those found to be infected with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine will be performed. In addition, a reminder will be sent to increase the uptake of IPTp-SP doses per woman. During scheduled and unscheduled visits, malaria infection, hemoglobin level, and other clinical outcomes will be assessed and compared by the group. The primary feasibility outcome will evaluate the study site's capacity to enroll participants and the women’s perception and acceptability of the intervention. The primary clinical outcome will be the prevalence of placental malaria at delivery.

Discussion

The present protocol aims to evaluate the feasibility on a large-scale and also to demonstrate the impact and the operational feasibility of additional screening with ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic tests and treatment with DHA-PQ on placental malaria, low birth weight, and peripheral malaria infection at delivery in a high-burden setting in Burkina Faso.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04147546 (14 October 2019).
Quality of antenatal care in selected public health facilities of West Ethiopia
Authors: Nemomsa Amanuel , Wirtu Desalegn , Getachew Motuma , Kejela Gemechu , Merdassa Emiru , Diriba Workineh , Desalegn Markos
Published: October 2022

Background

Ante natal care (ANC) is a key entry point for a pregnant woman to receive abroad range of promotion and preventive health services. Quality of ANC has paramount role to ensure better maternal and neonatal outcome.

Objective

To assess the quality of antenatal care services at public health facilities of western Ethiopia.

Methods

Facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted from May 30th to June 30th, 2016. All public health facilities in the Kellem Wollega Zone of West Ethiopia were audited, 316 medical records were reviewed, and 316 pregnant women were interviewed. The data was entered using EPI Data version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Descriptive statistics, binary, and multiple logistic regressions were conducted. Variables with a P-value of <0.05 were considered as statistically significant associated factors.

Results

A total of 316 pregnant women were enrolled in the study. All facilities were categorized as “good” by the possession of necessary equipment, 3/4 by basic amenities and 87.34% by general and gynecologic examination. The information was provided for 222(86.21%), which is categorized as poor. About 252 (79.7%) of the women were satisfied with ANC. A urine sample taken during ANC visit [(AOR= 3.36 (95 % CI= 1.70, 6.61)], and counseling on nutrition during pregnancy [(AOR= 2.27 (95 % CI=1.16, 4.45)] were predictors of client satisfaction on ANC.

Conclusions

In this study quality of ANC was labeled good for structural aspects and poor for process aspects of quality. In terms of outcome aspects, the majority of pregnant women were satisfied with the ANC they received. A urine sample taken during the ANC visits and being counseled on nutrition during pregnancy were predictors for client satisfaction on ANC. Concerned bodies need to improve laboratory tests and information provision.
Remapping the translation policies in China: contributions from Macau
Authors: Han Lili , Yang Nan
Published: October 2022

Translation policy, although an essential topic in the domain of language policy, has been understudied in China. Macau, as the earliest encounter point between the western and oriental cultures in Modern China, has been undeservingly neglected in this aspect, although its translation activities have never been interrupted since the Ming Dynasty. As such, this article sets out to trace the development of the translation policy in Macau (from its establishment to its handover to China in 1999). In particular, we will focus on tracing the historical evolution and development of the translation policy in Macau in the time span of over 400 years since the Portuguese establishment in 1557. The purpose is to cast a critical eye on its experiences in translation policymaking, using examples from official regulations, existing studies, and bibliometric data. We reconceptualize translation policy to entail the aspects of translation management, translation practices, and beliefs. Overall, the translation policy of Macau contributes to remapping the translation policy of China as important footnotes to the fuller picture of several essential historical periods.
Home blood pressure monitoring: a position statement from the Korean Society of Hypertension Home Blood Pressure Forum
Authors: Ihm Sang-Hyun , Park Jae-Hyeong , Kim Jang Young , Kim Ju-Han , Kim Kwang-Il , Lee Eun Mi , Lee Hae-Young , Park Sungha , Shin Jinho , Kim Cheol-Ho
Published: October 2022

Home blood pressure measurement (HBPM) has the advantage of measuring blood pressure (BP) multiple times over a long period. HBPM effectively diagnoses stress-induced transient BP elevations (i.e., white coat hypertension), insufficient BP control throughout the day (i.e., masked hypertension), and even BP variability. In most cases, HBPM may increase self-awareness of BP, increasing the compliance of treatment. Cumulative evidence has reported better improved predictive values of HBPM in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than office BP monitoring. In this position paper, the Korean Society of Hypertension Home Blood Pressure Forum provides comprehensive information and clinical importance on HBPM.
Risk factors for early progression of diffuse low-grade glioma in adults
Authors: Wang Long , Li Xuegang , Chen Tunan , Zhang Chao , Shi Jiantao , Feng Hua , Li Fei
Published: October 2022

Background

To explore the risk factors for early progression of diffuse low-grade glioma in adults.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of pathologic and clinical data of patients diagnosed with diffuse low-grade gliomas at Southwest Hospital between January 2010 and December 2014. The progression-free survival (PFS) less than 60 months was classified as the early progress group, and the PFS greater than 60 months was the control group for comparative analysis.

Results

A total of 138 patients were included in this study, including 94 cases of astrocytoma and 44 cases of oligodendroglioma. There were 63 cases with 100% resection, 56 cases with 90–100% resection degree, and 19 cases with resection degree < 90%. The average follow-up time was 60 months, of which 80 patients progressed and 58 patients did not progress. The average progression-free survival was 61 months. The median progression-free survival was 60 months. There were 68 patients with PFS≤ 60 months and 70 patients with PFS > 60 months. The two groups were compared for statistical analysis. In univariate analysis, there were significant differences in tumor subtype (p = 0.005), range (p = 0.011), volume (p = 0.005), location (p = 0.000), and extent of resection (p = 0.000). Multifactor analysis shows tumor location (HR = 4.549, 95% CI: 1.324–15.634, p = 0.016) and tumor subtype (HR = 3.347, 95% CI = 1.373–8.157, p = 0.008), and imcomplete resection is factors influencing early progression of low-grade glioma.

Conclusions

Low-grade gliomas involving deep location such as basal ganglia, inner capsule, and corpus callosum are more likely to progress early, while incomplete resection is a risk factor in early progression of astrocytoma.
Highlight selection of radiochemistry and radiopharmacy developments by editorial board
Authors: Toyohara Jun , Al-Qahtani Mohammed , Huang Ya-Yao , Cazzola Emiliano , Todde Sergio , Furumoto Shozo , Mikolajczak Renata , Decristoforo Clemens , Gillings Nic , Yang Min , Reilly Raymond , Duatti Adriano , Denkova Antonia , Schirrmacher Ralf , Carlucci Giuseppe , Seimbille Yann , Liu Zhaofei , Ellis Beverley , Cornelissen Bart T. , Kopka Klaus , Bernardes Emerson
Published: October 2022

Background

The Editorial Board of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry releases a biannual highlight commentary to update the readership on trends in the field of radiopharmaceutical development.

Main Body

This commentary of highlights has resulted in 21 different topics selected by each coauthoring Editorial Board member addressing a variety of aspects ranging from novel radiochemistry to first in man application of novel radiopharmaceuticals.

Conclusion

Trends in radiochemistry and radiopharmacy are highlighted demonstrating the progress in the research field in various topics including new PET-labelling methods, FAPI-tracers and imaging, and radionuclide therapy being the scope of EJNMMI Radiopharmacy and Chemistry.
Identification of molecular subtypes based on inflammatory response in lower-grade glioma
Authors: Lin Wanzun , Gao Jing , Zhang Haojiong , Chen Li , Qiu Xianxin , Huang Qingting , Hu Jiyi , Kong Lin , Lu Jiade J.
Published: October 2022

Background

Inflammatory response is an important characteristic affecting prognosis and therapeutic response in lower-grade glioma (LGG). However, the molecular subtypes based on inflammatory response are still under exploitation.

Methods

The RNA sequencing, somatic mutation, and corresponding clinical data from 1205 LGG patients were obtained from the TCGA, CGGA, and Rembrandt cohorts. Consensus clustering was performed to identify molecular subtypes associated with inflammation. Prognosis, clinicopathologic features, immune cell infiltration, and somatic mutation profile were compared among these inflammation-associated subtypes.

Results

Our results demonstrate that LGG could be categorized into inflammation-, low, -mid, and -high subtypes with distinct clinicopathologic features, prognostic and tumor microenvironment. We established that this categorization was reproducible, as well as predictable. In general, inflammation-high subtype presents a dismal prognosis with the immunosuppressive microenvironment and high frequency of oncogene mutation. Inversely, inflammation-low subtype was associated with the most favorable clinical outcomes with the immunoreactive microenvironment among three subtypes. Moreover, we develop and validate an inflammation-related prognostic model, which shows strong power for prognosis assessment.

Conclusion

In conclusion, we established a novel glioma classification based on the inflammation subtype. This classification had significant outcomes for estimating the prognosis, as well as the tumor microenvironment.
Effects of widespread community use of face masks on communication, participation, and quality of life in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Galvin Karyn L. , Tomlin Dani , Joubert Lynette , Story Lauren
Published: October 2022

The objective was to document the influence of face mask use by other people on communication experiences, participation in activities, and quality of life. Australian adults (n = 665) completed an online survey; 90.8% resided in a state with mandatory mask use outside the home and 44.1% self-reported hearing difficulties. Mask use was reported as negatively affecting communication quality in the community (90.2%) and workplace (91.8%), and with household members (59.1%), including an increased requirement for clarification and repetition, increased difficulty communicating, and decreased understanding. Masks influenced feelings when communicating in the community (74.1%) and workplace (76.7%), and with household members (43.6%), including increased fatigue and frustration, and decreased connection to others. Masks influenced the time spent communicating in the community (68.8%) and workplace (67.9%), and with household members (42.3%), including a decrease in the number of individuals communicated with, and the time spent communicating with each individual. Masks influenced participation in activities in the community (50.9%) and workplace (59.7%), and with household members (41.3%), including reduced participation in health-related activities, shopping, and socialising. Influences on quality of life included reduced physical and mental health, including increased loneliness. Female gender and greater self-reported hearing difficulties were significantly associated with increased influence of mask use. The wide-ranging influences of face mask use have implications for physical health and mental health, including social connectedness, and for employers and the economy. As an important measure for combatting disease spread, the negative impacts of mask use must be considered during policy formulation, and appropriate mitigating measures, such as educational campaigns, enacted.
Measuring the effects of misinformation exposure and beliefs on behavioural intentions: a COVID-19 vaccination study
Authors: de Saint Laurent Constance , Murphy Gillian , Hegarty Karen , Greene Ciara M.
Published: October 2022

Misinformation has been a pressing issue since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, threatening our ability to effectively act on the crisis. Nevertheless, little is known about the actual effects of fake news on behavioural intentions. Does exposure to or belief in misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines affect people’s intentions to receive such a vaccine? This paper attempts to address this question via three preregistered experiments (N = 3463). In Study 1, participants (n = 1269) were exposed to fabricated pro- or anti-vaccine information or to neutral true information, and then asked about their intentions to get vaccinated. In Study 2, participants (n = 646) were exposed to true pro- and anti-vaccine information, while Study 3 (n = 1548) experimentally manipulated beliefs in novel misinformation about COVID-19 vaccines by increasing exposure to the information. The results of these three studies showed that exposure to false information about the vaccines had little effect on participants’ intentions to get vaccinated, even when multiple exposures led them to believe the headlines to be more accurate. An exploratory meta-analysis of studies 1 and 3, with a combined sample size of 2683, showed that exposure to false information both supporting and opposing COVID-19 vaccines actually increased vaccination intentions, though the effect size was very small. We conclude by cautioning researchers against equating exposure to misinformation or perceived accuracy of false news with actual behaviours.
Ventriculosubgaleal shunting for spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage: is it a good alternative to external ventricular drainage?
Authors: Elfadle Amr Abu , Zarad Carmen Ali , Soliman Ahmed Y. , Eissa Abdelmoneim Ahmed Nagy , Elzoghby Mohamed A.
Published: October 2022

Background

Spontaneous intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH) is a life-threatening condition associated with high morbidity and mortality and is conventionally managed using external ventricular drain (EVD). However, EVD is commonly associated with a high rate of complications, which necessitates another alternative management with a comparable or better outcome. This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety of ventriculosubgaleal shunt (VSGS) compared to EVD for the management of adult patients with spontaneous IVH.

Results

A total of 48 patients were enrolled in this study. Twenty patients underwent EVD and 28 had VSGS. Postoperative complications were non-significantly more prevalent in the EVD than in the VSGS group (75 vs. 64.3%, p = 0.430), including non-CR (20 vs. 32.1%), infection (20 vs. 7.1%), blocked ventricular catheter (15 vs. 3.6%), and dislodged catheter (10 vs. 7.1%). Convulsions and CSF leaks occurred more frequently in the VSGS group (7.1 vs 5%, p = 1.000). Postoperative GCS and Graeb’s score were comparable between the groups (p > 0.05). The EVD group had a non-significantly higher rate of hydrocephalus after ventricular catheter removal (80 vs. 53.6%, p = 0.059) and a higher mean GOS 3 months postoperatively (mean score: 4 vs. 3).

Conclusions

VSGS is as effective and safe compared to EVD, with a lower rate of infection, blocked/dislodged catheters, as well as a reduced incidence of hydrocephalus. On the other hand, EVD showed better GOS at 3 months. However, these differences did not reach statistical significance.
Post-COVID isolated subclavian artery dissection with multiple cerebral infarctions
Authors: Alloush Taha K. , Alloush Adel T. , Marzouk Fayez , Abdulghani Khaled O. , Shokri Hossam M.
Published: October 2022

Background

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic disease which predominantly affects the respiratory system with high critical care mortality and morbidity, yet it also causes multiple organs dysfunction in affected patients. There is a strong evidence that it increases the susceptibility of cerebrovascular strokes in such patients. Besides this prothrombotic complication, arterial dissection can be one of its mechanisms increasing the risks of stroke.

Case presentation

Herein, we report a case of spontaneous isolated subclavian artery dissection in a COVID-19 patient. Sixty-one-year-old female presented with spontaneous isolated subclavian artery dissection without any traumatic events nor history of connective tissue disorders. She had left upper limb ischemia followed by cerebellar, thalamic and occipital infarctions. Whether this patient’s subclavian artery dissection was triggered by exaggerated inflammatory response or arteriopathy secondary to COVID-19 remains speculative.

Conclusions

Nonetheless, arterial dissection can be one of its complications, it is essential for treating physicians to be attentive for the diversity of COVID-19 clinical manifestations.
Possible protective role of probiotic and symbiotic to limit the progression of chronic kidney disease in 5/6th nephrectomized albino rats
Authors: El-Kafoury Bataa M. , Saleh Nermine K. , Shawky M. K. , Mehanna Nayra , Ghonamy Elsayed , Saad Dalia A.
Published: October 2022

Background

The unbalanced gut microbiota, poorly ingested enriched fiber foods, leaky gut is connected to the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The leaky gut translocates uremic toxins to the systemic circulation, promote systemic inflammation, worsen CKD. Decreasing the uremic toxins influx from the gut may decrease the progression of CKD. So, we aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic and symbiotic supplementation on the leaky gut and their role to prevent CKD progression.

Methods

48 white albino rats were randomly allocated into 6 groups: sham group; CKD rats; probiotic treated and symbiotic treated rats. Treatment started either immediately or 2 weeks after the operation for each treated group. Blood pressure, body weight changes, serum level of urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulphate and CRP were determined. Histological studies of kidney remnants and intestine and renal fibrosis index were calculated. SPSS program was used for statistics.

Results

Serum urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulphate, CRP, fibrosis index and blood pressure significantly increased in CKD rats. Probiotic treatment decreased serum level of urea, creatinine and CRP and fibrosis index. Symbiotic treatment decreased the serum level of urea, creatinine, indoxyl sulphate and CRP compared to CKD rats. Blood pressure and fibrosis index were decreased significantly upon symbiotic treatment.

Conclusions

A strong correlation between the gut microbial ecosystem and CKD has been proved. The use of probiotics and symbiotic to modulate an unhealthy gut microbiome is a promising intervention to delay CKD progression specially in early stages. Symbiotic results were better than probiotic alone.
Arabic translation and validation of Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency (PUF) Patient Symptom Scale
Authors: Rafi Badr , Nassir Anmar , Baazeem Abdulaziz , Almalki Abdullah A. , Mandourah Faisal
Published: October 2022

Background

The Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale is a screening tool used to diagnose patients with chronic pelvic pain. Numerous articles demonstrated the efficacy of the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale, not only as a screening tool, but additionally for complete assessment and management process. Therefore, in this article we aim to translate the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale from English to Arabic and then to validate the translated version using an innovative technique that compares the original English version to a back-translated version.

Results

Using back-translation method, the comparability of the language and similarity of the interpretation for each item of Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale were validated. The back-translated version showed seemingly dependable results and demonstrates an almost identical meaning to the original English version. There was no difference found statistically in the median or mean scores for all items between the English and Arabic back-translated versions. The multi-staged process we followed thoroughly and the results obtained during this process ensured the validity of the Arabic version of the Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale.

Conclusions

The current study provides that the Arabic version of Pelvic Pain and Urgency/Frequency Patient Symptom Scale is proven to be a valid tool in the assessment of Arabic-speaking patients with painful bladder syndrome or interstitial cystitis.
Clinical significance, challenges and limitations in using artificial intelligence for electrocardiography-based diagnosis
Authors: Chung Cheuk To , Lee Sharen , King Emma , Liu Tong , Armoundas Antonis A. , Bazoukis George , Tse Gary
Published: October 2022

Cardiovascular diseases are one of the leading global causes of mortality. Currently, clinicians rely on their own analyses or automated analyses of the electrocardiogram (ECG) to obtain a diagnosis. However, both approaches can only include a finite number of predictors and are unable to execute complex analyses. Artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled the introduction of machine and deep learning algorithms to compensate for the existing limitations of current ECG analysis methods, with promising results. However, it should be prudent to recognize that these algorithms also associated with their own unique set of challenges and limitations, such as professional liability, systematic bias, surveillance, cybersecurity, as well as technical and logistical challenges. This review aims to increase familiarity with and awareness of AI algorithms used in ECG diagnosis, and to ultimately inform the interested stakeholders on their potential utility in addressing present clinical challenges.
Rotational mechanical dilator sheaths for effective transvenous lead extraction
Authors: Park Seung-Jung , Kim Ju Youn , Park Kyoung-Min , On Young Keun , Kim June Soo
Published: October 2022

Background

An exponential rise in clinical demand for cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) therapy is observed all over the world due to the rapidly expanding lifespan. Accordingly, appropriate lead management including lead extraction is becoming increasingly essential components for the comprehensive care of patients with various CIEDs.

Main body

With a high success rate and a low complication rate, transvenous lead extraction (TLE) has now been established as first-line therapy for lead extraction. However, TLE is often challenging when there are heavily calcified fibrous adhesions between leads and cardiovascular structures. Recently, rotational mechanical dilator (RMD) sheaths were introduced to resolve this issue and facilitate TLE procedure. There are two types of commercially available RMD sheaths, Evolution® systems and TightRail™. Thorough knowledge of the proper use of the RMD devices is essential to increase success rate and to reduce complications of TLE. In the present review, mechanical features, various techniques, and clinical data of RMD sheaths will be described.

Conclusion

According to recent advancement of device technology, the clinical outcomes of TLE using the RMD sheaths are continuously improving. However, as the RMD sheath is a potentially aggressive tool, special care should be taken when used in patients with longer lead ages.
Recent developments of the reconstruction in magnetic particle imaging
Authors: Yin Lin , Li Wei , Du Yang , Wang Kun , Liu Zhenyu , Hui Hui , Tian Jie
Published: October 2022

Magnetic particle imaging (MPI) is an emerging molecular imaging technique with high sensitivity and temporal-spatial resolution. Image reconstruction is an important research topic in MPI, which converts an induced voltage signal into the image of superparamagnetic iron oxide particles concentration distribution. MPI reconstruction primarily involves system matrix- and x-space-based methods. In this review, we provide a detailed overview of the research status and future research trends of these two methods. In addition, we review the application of deep learning methods in MPI reconstruction and the current open sources of MPI. Finally, research opinions on MPI reconstruction are presented. We hope this review promotes the use of MPI in clinical applications.
Design method of supercritical hydrocarbon fuel injection for a scramjet
Authors: Zhang Lei , Zhang Ruoling , Wang Xiangyi , Jiang Jin
Published: October 2022

Both the fuel transfer control scheme and the knowledge of fuel temperature and pressure values before injection are important to a scramjet engine. A measurement method of the fluid temperature suitable for small channel is presented, and a fluid transfer control scheme of the area of injecting holes is designed using the balance equations of fluid mass, energy and entropy. A convective heat transfer experiment is conducted to evaluate the temperature measurement and the fluid transfer control design method of the heat absorbing supercritical hydrocarbon fuel. The results show that during the heating process the injecting pressure meets the requirement, and the fluid transfer control system works well. Such results suggest that the design method in the present work would be useful in the design of regenerative cooling for scramjet engines.
Inner and outer setting factors that influence the implementation of the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR): a qualitative study
Authors: Madrigal Lillian , Manders Olivia C. , Kegler Michelle , Haardörfer Regine , Piper Sarah , Blais Linelle M. , Weber Mary Beth , Escoffery Cam
Published: October 2022

Background

Scaling evidence-based interventions are key to impacting population health. The National DPP lifestyle change program is one such intervention that has been scaled across the USA over the past 20 years; however, enrollment is an ongoing challenge. Furthermore, little is known about which organizations are most successful with program delivery, enrollment, and scaling. This study aims to understand more about the internal and external organization factors that impact program implementation and reach.

Methods

Between August 2020 and January 2021, data were collected through semi-structured key informant interviews with 30 National DPP delivery organization implementers. This study uses a qualitative cross-case construct rating methodology to assess which Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR)innerandouter settingconstructs contributed (both in valence and magnitude) to the organization’s current level of implementation reach (measured by average participant enrollment per year). A construct by case matrix was created with ratings for each CFIR construct by interviewee and grouped by implementation reach level.

Results

Across the 16 inner and outer setting constructs and subconstructs, the interviewees with greater enrollment per year provided stronger and more positive examples related to implementation and enrollment of the program, while the lower reach groups reported stronger and more negative examples across rated constructs. Four inner setting constructs/subconstructs (structural characteristics, compatibility, goals and feedback, and leadership engagement) were identified as “distinguishing” between enrollment reach levels based on the difference between groups by average rating, the examination of the number of extreme ratings within levels, and the thematic analysis of the content discussed. Within these constructs, factors such as organization size and administrative processes; program fit with existing organization services and programs; the presence of enrollment goals; and active leadership involvement in implementation were identified as influencing program reach.

Conclusions

Our study identified a number of influential CFIR constructs and their impact on National DPP implementation reach. These findings can be leveraged to improve efforts in recruiting and assisting delivery organizations to increase the reach and scale of the National DPP as well as other evidence-based interventions.
Factors influencing acceptance, adoption and adherence to sentinel node biopsy recommendations in the Australian Melanoma Management Guidelines: a qualitative study using an implementation science framework
Authors: Smith Andrea L. , Watts Caroline G. , Henderson Michael , Long Georgina V. , Rapport Frances , Saw Robyn P. M. , Scolyer Richard A. , Spillane Andrew J. , Thompson John F. , Cust Anne E.
Published: October 2022

Background

Sentinel node biopsy (SN biopsy) is a surgical procedure used to accurately stage patients with primary melanoma at high risk of recurrence. Although Australian Melanoma Management Guidelines recommend SN biopsy be considered in patients with melanomas > 1 mm thick, SN biopsy rates in Australia are reportedly low. Our objective was to identify factors impacting the acceptance, adoption and adherence to the Australian SN biopsy guideline recommendations.

Methods

Opinions of Australian key informants including clinicians, representatives from melanoma education and training providers, professional associations and colleges, and melanoma advocacy organisations were collected through semi-structured interviews (n = 29) and from publicly released statements (n = 14 news articles). Data analysis involved inductive and deductive thematic analysis using Flottorp’s determinants framework.

Results

A complex interplay of contemporary and historical factors was identified as influencing acceptance, adoption and adherence to the SN biopsy guideline recommendations at the individual, guideline, patient, organisational and social levels. Expert and peer opinion leaders have played an important role in facilitating or inhibiting adoption of guideline recommendations, as have financial incentives driven by healthcare-funding policies and non-financial incentives including professional identity and standing. Of critical importance have been the social and knowledge boundaries that exist between different professional groups to whom the guidelines apply (surgeons, dermatologists and primary care practitioners) with adherence to the guideline recommendations having the potential to shift work across professional boundaries, altering a clinician’s workflow and revenue. More recently, the emergence of effective immunotherapies and targeted therapies for patients at high risk of recurrence, the emergence of new opinion leaders on the topic (in medical oncology), and patient demands for accurate staging are playing crucial roles in overcoming the resistance to change created by these social and knowledge boundaries.

Conclusions

Acceptance and adherence to SN biopsy guideline recommendations in Australia over the past 20 years has involved a process of renegotiation and reframing of the evidence for SN biopsy in melanoma by clinicians from different professional groups and networks. This process has helped to refine the evidence for SN biopsy and our understanding of appropriate adoption. New effective systemic therapies have changed the balance towards accepting guideline recommendations.
Unraveling implementation context: the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) in implementation science and its application in the SMILe project
Authors: Mielke Juliane , Leppla Lynn , Valenta Sabine , Zullig Leah L. , Zúñiga Franziska , Staudacher Sandra , Teynor Alexandra , De Geest Sabina
Published: October 2022

Background

Designing intervention and implementation strategies with careful consideration of context is essential for successful implementation science projects. Although the importance of context has been emphasized and methodology for its analysis is emerging, researchers have little guidance on how to plan, perform, and report contextual analysis. Therefore, our aim was to describe the Basel Approach for coNtextual ANAlysis (BANANA) and to demonstrate its application on an ongoing multi-site, multiphase implementation science project to develop/adapt, implement, and evaluate an integrated care model in allogeneic SteM cell transplantatIon facILitated by eHealth (the SMILe project).

Methods

BANANA builds on guidance for assessing context by Stange and Glasgow (Contextual factors: the importance of considering and reporting on context in research on the patient-centered medical home, 2013). Based on a literature review, BANANA was developed in ten discussion sessions with implementation science experts and a medical anthropologist to guide the SMILe project’s contextual analysis. BANANA’s theoretical basis is the Context and Implementation of Complex Interventions (CICI) framework. Working from an ecological perspective, CICI acknowledges contextual dynamics and distinguishes between context and setting (the implementation’s physical location).

Results

BANANA entails six components: (1) choose a theory, model, or framework (TMF) to guide the contextual analysis; (2) use empirical evidence derived from primary and/or secondary data to identify relevant contextual factors; (3) involve stakeholders throughout contextual analysis; (4) choose a study design to assess context; (5) determine contextual factors’ relevance to implementation strategies/outcomes and intervention co-design; and (6) report findings of contextual analysis following appropriate reporting guidelines. Partly run simultaneously, the first three components form a basis both for the identification of relevant contextual factors and for the next components of the BANANA approach.

Discussion

Understanding of context is indispensable for a successful implementation science project. BANANA provides much-needed methodological guidance for contextual analysis. In subsequent phases, it helps researchers apply the results to intervention development/adaption and choices of contextually tailored implementation strategies. For future implementation science projects, BANANA’s principles will guide researchers first to gather relevant information on their target context, then to inform all subsequent phases of their implementation science project to strengthen every part of their work and fulfill their implementation goals.
Mechanical evaluation of recycled aggregate mixes and its application in reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) stretch
Authors: Choudhary Lokesh , Bansal Shubham , Kalra Megha , Dagar Lokesh
Published: October 2022

Background

The depletion of natural resources has led to the need of looking out for alternatives of primary construction materials. The use of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) has become a common practice as it reduces economic burden and saves natural resources and energy. This study is based on partial replacement of fresh natural aggregate with reclaimed aggregate. The project is divided into two phases; first one discusses the mechanical viability of replacing 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% of fresh aggregates with reclaimed aggregates. The second phase involves the study conducted on a 9.8 KM dense bituminous macadam (DBM) layer, constructed using the most optimum mix from the first phase of study. Finally, a cost analysis of the pavement was conducted to assess its economic viability.

Results

In the light of MORTH guidelines, laboratory results showed improvement in the Marshall parameters till 30% replacement of fresh aggregates. Eventually, the DBM layer was constructed using the mix design having 30% replaced fresh aggregates. It showed satisfactory performance after short-term duration without any evidence of rutting or fatigue cracking on surface. Testing of core samples from road stretch proved the negligible degradation with ageing.

Conclusion

The DBM constructed using reclaimed aggregate showed a saving of 15% in the total cost.
Students' perceptions of online learning in higher education during COVID-19: an empirical study of MBA and DBA students in Egypt
Authors: Soliman Cherine , Salman Doaa , GamalEldin Gaydaa Osama
Published: October 2022

Targeting to evaluate the analytical rigour of empirical research in management education, this study's goal is to find out how students felt about the sudden shift to online education. As well as to provide an assessment of online education performance in higher education from the students’ perception was it a success or a failure, or a path for change based on the findings? The study also considers the peculiarities of the Egyptian higher education system as well as the students’ environment, capabilities and limitations. An online questionnaire was used to survey 625 MBA and 41 DBA students. Results show that students’ satisfaction with online education is influenced by several factors, including their resources and talents. Student initiative was discovered to play a moderating role in the effects of student, instructor, and institution factors on students' satisfaction with online education. This research is being carried out during the COVID-19 outbreak to see how online instruction affects student achievement.
Introduction to this special section: Planetary geophysics
Authors: Braun Alexander , Panning Mark , Gulick Sean , Li Yongyi
Published: October 2022

While geophysical exploration of Earth is well established as a critical method for understanding planetary processes, many current and planned missions offer great opportunities for geophysicists to apply their skills and expertise to space exploration. Programs such as NASA's Artemis aiming to bring humans back to the moon and the James Webb Space Telescope for deep space imaging, the 10-year extension plan for the Chinese Lunar Exploration Program's Chang'e missions, the Japanese Aerospace Exploration Agency's Martian Moons eXploration program, and the European Space Agency's European Large Logistics Lander targeting the moon are just a few examples. NASA's Commercial Lunar Payload Services program proposes to send two commercial landers to the moon every year for the remainder of the decade. Several already-manifested payloads in the program involve geophysical instrumentation including heat flow probes, magnetotelluric sounding systems, and seismometers. Seismic data continue to arrive from NASA's InSight mission to Mars as the dusty solar panels still deliver a little energy, emphasizing that geophysics is and will remain an important tool for planetary exploration moving forward.
Evaluation of a wheel-based seismic acquisition system for a planetary rover
Authors: Lorenzo J. M. , Bates A. , Patterson D. A. , Sun C. , Douglas T. A. , Karunatillake S. , Bremner P. M. , Zanetti M. R. , Haviland H. F. , Weber R. C. , Gemer A. J.
Published: October 2022

Prior to using in-situ planetary resources, efficient mapping of geochemical and physical characteristics of the near surface will be required. As part of an integrated geophysical instrument suite on exploration and prospecting vehicles, we investigated the suitability of seismic piezo-sensors rigidly mounted on the interior of a generic rover wheel. Factors that can compromise proper data acquisition for this system include the natural mechanical resonance of the wheel and wheel-to-ground coupling. We characterized the natural resonance frequency bands of a generic wheel with an electromagnetic shaker. We also collected seismic shot gathers for subsequent seismic surface-wave analysis using a wheel in both a dry, laboratory sand tank (1.8 × 1.8 × 0.6 m) and in frozen loess soils within the United States Army Corps of Engineers Permafrost Tunnel in Alaska. For our wheel, self-weighted coupling to the ground was found to be adequate, although suitable wheelbase dimensions can constrain field acquisition geometries. In unconsolidated sediments, represented by medium sand (0.25–0.5 mm), wheel resonance of 1 kHz does not affect the fundamental mode used in shear-wave-velocity-to-depth inversion. When analyzed, shot-gather data collected from both wheel-mounted sensors and sand-planted sensors, in loose dry sand, effectively captured similar fundamental surface-wave modes. This is evident in frequency-versus-phase velocity dispersion images. Because narrow frequency bands of wheel resonance exhibit a high signal-to-noise ratio, they also readily detect lateral attenuation changes. Thus, wheel resonance can also be used to capture soil attenuation changes, including those produced when pore H2O ice acts to cement the regolith or loose-grained soils.
Active seismic exploration along a human lunar mission traverse analogue in the San Francisco volcanic field
Authors: Bell Ernest , Schmerr Nicholas , Porter Ryan , Bleacher Jacob , Young Kelsey , Huang Mong-Han , Lekic Vedran , Pettit Donald
Published: October 2022

Lunar surface activities during Apollo and terrestrial analogue lunar mission simulations have commonly focused on traverses that prioritize surface observations and sample collection activities. Along the way, geophysical measurements are often made. However, they are not necessarily made in a way that optimizes information about the physical subsurface properties, which is something that geophysics can provide. In 2010, NASA simulated a high-quality multiweek human lunar rover traverse analogue mission in the San Francisco volcanic field in Arizona. The traverse route and associated science station locations were selected based on addressing surface observation and sampling tasks. Geophysical studies were not included in the simulation. We returned to the same field area and obtained data on 19 active seismic refraction geophone lines from the science station locations accessed during the simulation. We analyzed the data to calculate 1D seismic velocity profiles for each of the lines. Results revealed up to seven distinct seismically defined material types, including a nearly ubiquitous veneer of regolith of variable thickness at the surface. Results also provided depth and thickness of the seven material types in the first 60 m of the subsurface at each of the science station locations. These cannot be obtained by geologic observations of the outcrops. Systematic interpretation of the area's overall subsurface stratigraphy was not feasible due to the geophysically nonsystematic nature of the original traverse's prioritization of the science station locations. The added geophysical understanding of a region could drive additional geologic investigations to locate samples of otherwise unknown material through the location of surface exposures or coring. This emphasizes the importance of synchronizing geologic and geophysical research requirements during lunar traverse planning and execution to optimize addressing scientific and utilization questions.
Geophysics Bright Spots
Authors: Behura Jyoti
Published: October 2022

Welcome to the latest installment of Geophysics Bright Spots. Here are a few of the research articles from the last two issues of Geophysics that piqued the editors' interests.
Memorial
Authors:   David Sibley and others
Published: October 2022

Fred Herkenhoff, a bright light in the geophysical community, passed away on 8 September 2021.
Concerns of iodized salt and its effects for women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan
Authors: Shaikh Faryal , Mumtaz Seema N. , Shaikh Aqeel Ahmed
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective: Pregnant women are the most susceptible group for Iodine deficiency disorder (IDD) whose neonate are at the risk of brain impairment, if they are iodine deficient in utero. The study was carried out to analyze the concerns and effects regarding iodized salt and IDD in women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Obstetrics OPD at Civil Hospital Karachi from April 2017 to January 2018. In this study, antenatal care seeking women (n=360) visiting obstetric outpatient department (OPD) at public sector tertiary care hospital of Karachi were interviewed face to face using a structured questionnaire. Systematic random sampling method was employed. Kruskal Wallis test was applied to assess the significance among study variables.

Results: Sixty-three (63.6%) of pregnant women heard about iodized salt. Approximately 40.6% of them received iodized salt related information through mass media. Ninety (90.6%) were ignorant that their unborn child needs iodine for brain development. A statistically significant association was found between the educational status (p<0.001), household income (p<0.001), age (p=0.016), ethnicity (p=0.018), trimester (p=0.005) with the knowledge of study participants regarding iodized salt and IDD.

Conclusion: There is an immense need to address the present concerns of women seeking antenatal care by advocacy and health education on individual and at mass level regarding the use of iodized salt among women seeking antenatal care. Advocacy can be done by governmental initiatives, medical personnel and through mass media in all tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5220

How to cite this:Shaikh F, Mumtaz SN, Shaikh AA. Concerns of iodized salt and its effects for women seeking antenatal care in Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2022;38(8):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.8.5220

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.