bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exudative retinopathy, cerebral calcifications, duodenal atresia, preaxial polydactyly, micropenis, microcephaly and short stature: A new syndrome?
Authors: Isidor Bertrand , Le Meur Guylène , Conti Carole , Caldagues Emmanuelle , Lainey Elodie , Launay Elise , Leclair Marc David , Le Francois Thomas , Pichon Olivier , Boisseau Pierre , Migraine Audrey , Keren Boris , Caignec Cédric Le , Crow Yanick J , David Albert
Published: July 2013

The association of Coats disease with intrauterine growth retardation, intracranial calcification, leukodystrophy, brain cysts, osteopenia, and gastrointestinal bleeding defines Coats plus syndrome caused by mutations in the CTC1 gene, encoding conserved telomere maintenance component 1. Here, we report on a child with exudative retinopathy, cerebral calcifications, duodenal atresia, preaxial polydactyly, micropenis, microcephaly, and short stature, in whom no mutations in CTC1 were found. Our patient shares some features seen in other diseases associated with telomere shortening including Hoyeraal–Hreidarsson and Revesz syndromes. We therefore measured telomere length by Flow‐Fish which was normal. The association of duodenal atresia and microcephaly also suggested a diagnosis of Feingold syndrome. However, direct sequencing of MYCN was normal, and we did not detect any hemizygous deletion of the miR‐17∼92 polycistronic miRNA cluster. To our knowledge, the phenotype we report on has not been described previously, leading us to speculate that this condition may represent a new syndrome. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Determination of highly porous plastic foam structural characteristics by processing light microscopy images data
Authors: Beverte Ilze
Published: July 2013

Mathematical modelling of physical and mechanical properties of plastic foam as well as numerous practical applications requires knowledge of foam structural characteristics. A necessity exists to determine the characteristics of the spatial structure of inhomogeneous materials comprising inclusions of other material, e.g., polyurethane foam without destructing the material and analysis of each element. A methodology is elaborated for preparing highly porous plastic foam specimens and investigation of foam strut‐like structure with light microscopy (LM) by taking images in three mutually perpendicular planes. A mathematical model is developed for highly porous plastic foam for the determination of probability density functions of its building elements—polymeric struts': (a) length and (b) angles, using LM images in three mutually perpendicular planes. Computer codes are created and parameters of distribution functions for strut's length and angles are calculated using experimental data for verification. A good correspondence of the modelling results with experimental data is proved to exist. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 39477.
Synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes and exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets for electromagnetic interference shielding and soundproofing
Authors: Kim Myung‐Sub , Yan Jun , Joo Kyung‐Hoon , Pandey Jitendra K. , Kang Yeon‐June , Ahn Sung‐Hoon
Published: July 2013

Polypropylene/carbon nanotube/exfoliated graphite nanoplatelet (PP/CNT/xGnP) composites have been fabricated to evaluate their electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness (EMI SE) and soundproofing. An EMI SE of 36.5 dB at 1250 MHz was measured for the 80/10/10 wt % PP/CNT/xGnP composite; its sound transmission loss was more than 5 dB higher than that for pure PP at low frequencies (520–640 Hz). These results indicate simultaneous EMI SE and soundproofing. Transmission electron microscopy was used to study the microstructure and to probe synergetic effects between the CNTs and xGnPs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3947–3951, 2013
Rheological properties of neat epoxy exposed to in‐service aerospace contaminants
Authors: Moffet Mitchell L. , Saponara Valeria La
Published: July 2013

We present an experimental study on the rheological properties of a commonly used epoxy resin system (EPIKOTE‐862 resin and EPIKURE‐W curing agent), exposed to a variety of fluids typical of aerospace operations (jet fuel, hydraulic fluids, deicing, detergents, etc.), for a period of up to 6 months, at room temperature for most conditions, and with no concurrent mechanical loading or prior degradation. The specimens were subjected to stress and frequency sweeps with a shear rheometer, while a limited set received also a temperature sweep in a range consistent with aircraft operations. Results indicate that the treated resin samples are linear viscoelastic under these testing conditions. The resin has reasonable chemical resistance to most contaminants of this study, with the exception of two commonly used detergents: an aircraft surface cleaning compound, Penair C5572, and a nonionic detergent, Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK). The durability change of the first compound appears triggered by high temperatures only, while the second compound causes a very drastic stiffness loss under several conditions. This drop of performance occurs within a 3‐months period, with no apparent color change or fracture that could prompt visual inspection and repair. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3961–3971, 2013
Low Altitude Thermal Survey by Means of an Automated Unmanned Aerial Vehicle for the Detection of Archaeological Buried Structures
Authors: Poirier Nicolas , Hautefeuille Florent , Calastrenc Carine
Published: July 2013

Airborne thermal prospecting is based on the principle that there is a fundamental difference between the thermal characteristics of buried remains and the environment in which they are buried. The French ‘Archéodrone’ project aims to combine the flexibility and low cost of using an airborne drone with the accuracy of the registration of a thermal digital camera. This combination allows the use of thermal prospection for archaeological detection at low altitude with high‐resolution information, from a microregional scale to the site scale. The first results have allowed us to assess the contribution of this technique for the detection of ancient roads, land plots boundaries, site plans and underground caves. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reversible Phase Transformation at the Solid–Liquid Interface: STM Reveals
Authors: Zhang Xue‐Mei , Zeng Qing‐Dao , Wang Chen
Published: July 2013

Reversible supramolecular self‐assemblies have attracted increasing attention in nanoscience and technology during the past few years due to their potential application in the extreme miniaturization of switches and other devices. The building blocks concerned can respond structurally, electronically, optically, and mechanically to external stimuli. Herein, we focus on the recent progress of the supramolecular self‐assembly reversibly triggered by temperature, light, electric current, metal ions and protons at the solid–liquid interface. Following this general roadmap, supramolecular systems based on H‐bonds, azobenzene derivatives, triple‐decker complexes, and the guanine motif are successively discussed in this review. Notably, these reversible phase transformations can be probed by the scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) technique, which has been proven as an effective tool in surface science.
Quantification of the Stapedial Reflex Reveals Delayed Responses in Autism
Authors: Lukose Richard , Brown Kevin , Barber Carol M. , Kulesza Randy Joseph
Published: July 2013

Autism is a developmental disorder characterized, in part, by sensory abnormalities. It is well established that most if not all patients with autism have problems with auditory processing, ranging from deafness to hyperacusis, and physiological testing of auditory function (i.e. auditory brain stem responses) implicates brain stem dysfunction in autism. Additionally, previous research from this lab has revealed significantly fewer auditory brain stem neurons in autistic subjects as young as 2 years of age. These observations have led us to hypothesize that objective, noninvasive measures of auditory function can be used as an early screening tool to identify neonates with an elevated risk of carrying a diagnosis of autism. Here, we provide a detailed quantitative investigation of the acoustic stapedial reflex (ASR), a three‐ or four‐neuron brain stem circuit, in young autistic subjects and normal developing controls. Indeed, we find significantly lower thresholds, responses occurring at significantly longer latency and right–left asymmetry in autistic subjects. The results from this investigation support deficits in auditory function as a cardinal feature of autism and suggest that individuals with autism can be identified by their ASR responses. Autism Res 2013, ●●: ●●–●●. © 2013 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Intuitions in Conflict: Preference Reversals Due to Switch Between Sensitization and Diminishing Sensitivity
Authors: Palmeira Mauricio
Published: July 2013

Sensitization occurs when the passage of time increases the intensity of the experience. Individuals have sensitization intuitions for some unpleasant experiences such as waiting and commuting. In contrast, diminishing sensitivity indicates that the impact of each additional unit of a stimulus decreases as the magnitude of the stimulus increases. In this article, we document a new preference reversal phenomenon due to switch between these two intuitions. When considering unpleasant experiences such as waiting and commuting in a judgment task that asks individuals to consider the impact of an additional unit of time to different baselines, we find that individuals respond in a way consistent with a sensitization intuition. However, when asked to make choices involving trade‐offs between longer unpleasant experiences and other attributes, participants respond in a way contrary to their sensitization intuitions and consistent with diminishing sensitivity. We reason that the automatic use of relative differences and diminishing sensitivity occurs because it facilitates trade‐offs considerations in a typical choice task. Our hypotheses are supported in a series of four studies. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphometric analysis of the YESS and TESSYS techniques of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy
Authors: Xin Gu , Shi‐Sheng He , Hai‐Long Zhang
Published: July 2013

Posterior lateral endoscopic nucleotomy is widely accepted as a minimally invasive surgery for lumbar disc herniation, but few studies have compared the transforaminal approach using two different techniques, YESS and TESSYS. One hundred and fifty lumbar IVFs of cadaveric spines were studied. Eighteen‐gauge needles were inserted percutaneously toward IVFs into the discs by either YESS or TESSYS. The distances from the needle to the nerve root and from the needle to the spinal dura were measured and compared across different spinal segments. The incidence of nerve roots compression by the operating endoscope was measured. The mean distances from needle to the nerve root and spinal dura in YESS were 3.5 ± 1.4 mm and 6.6 ± 1.9 mm. The respective mean distances in TESSYS were 4.6 ± 1.5 mm and 5.9 ± 1.4 mm. The distance from needle to the nerve root was longer in TESSYS, while the distance from the needle to spinal dura was longer in YESS. The distance from needle to nerve was shorter in proximal segments. The incidence of operating endoscope compression of the nerve root was high in both of techniques. The difference in theory and design between YESS and TESSYS, “intradisc” versus “intracanal”, was confirmed by comparison of anatomic distances from the needle to the nerve. Puncture of the annulus in the distal lumbar is safer than proximal puncture. The high incidence of endoscope compression of the nerve root may be related with the transient postoperative dysaesthesia. Clin. Anat. 26:728–734, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An alternate dissection approach to the female urogenital triangle
Authors: Hall Margaret I. , Walters Linda M.
Published: July 2013

Traditional dissections of the female urogenital (UG) triangle can lead to early destruction of the erectile tissues, associated musculature, and neurovascular structures. Here, we present an alternate dissection of the female UG triangle. Rather than begin the female UG triangle dissection with the fatty tissue of the labia majora, we utilize an early identification of the suspensory ligament of the clitoris to organize the dissection. The suspensory ligament leads to the body of the clitoris, which can be palpated from distal to proximal to find the crura of the clitoris with overlying ischiocavernosus muscles. Once the crura have been defined, the bulbs of the vestibule with overlying bulbospongiosus muscles can be palpated medially and posteriorly. This dissection approach results in a clean dissection that well demonstrates homologies between male and female external genitalia. Through the use of this method, most student dissection attempts are able to demonstrate the erectile tissues and associated musculature that comprise the female UG triangle. This technique can also be used for male UG triangle dissections, encouraging identification of male and female homologies. Clin. Anat. 26:751–754, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DXP Synthase‐Catalyzed CN Bond Formation: Nitroso Substrate Specificity Studies Guide Selective Inhibitor Design
Authors: Morris Francine , Vierling Ryan , Boucher Lauren , Bosch Jürgen , Freel Meyers Caren L.
Published: July 2013

1‐Deoxy‐D‐xylulose 5‐phosphate (DXP) synthase catalyzes the first step in the nonmammalian isoprenoid biosynthetic pathway to form DXP from pyruvate and D‐glyceraldehyde 3‐phosphate (D‐GAP) in a thiamin diphosphate‐dependent manner. Its unique structure and mechanism distinguish DXP synthase from its homologues and suggest that it should be pursued as an anti‐infective drug target. However, few reports describe any development of selective inhibitors of this enzyme. Here, we reveal that DXP synthase catalyzes CN bond formation and exploit aromatic nitroso substrates as active site probes. Substrate specificity studies reveal a high affinity of DXP synthase for aromatic nitroso substrates compared to the related ThDP‐dependent enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Results from inhibition and mutagenesis studies indicate that nitroso substrates bind to E. coli DXP synthase in a manner distinct from that of D‐GAP. Our results suggest that the incorporation of aryl acceptor substrate mimics into unnatural bisubstrate analogues will impart selectivity to DXP synthase inhibitors. As a proof of concept, we show selective inhibition of DXP synthase by benzylacetylphosphonate (BnAP).
Highly Efficient Quencher‐Free Molecular Beacon Systems Containing 2‐Ethynyldibenzofuran‐ and 2‐Ethynyldibenzothiophene‐Labeled 2′‐Deoxyuridine Units
Authors: Lee Jiwon , Cho Hyun Yi , Hwang Gil Tae
Published: July 2013

We have prepared two fluorescent DNA probes—UDBFand UDBT, containing 2‐ethynyldibenzofuran and 2‐ethynyldibenzothiophene moieties, respectively, covalently attached to the base dU—and incorporated them in the central positions of oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) so as to develop new types of quencher‐free linear beacon probes and investigate the effect of functionalization of the fluorene scaffold on the photophysical properties of the fluorescent ODNs. The ODNs containing adenine flanking bases (FBs) displayed a selective fluorescence “turn‐off” response to mismatched targets with guanine bases; this suggests that these probes could be used as base‐discriminating fluorescent nucleotides. On the other hand, we observed a “turn‐on” response to matched targets when the UDBFand UDBTunits of ODNs containing pyrimidine‐based FBs were positioned opposite the four natural nucleobases. In particular, an ODN incorporating UDBTand cytosine FBs has potential use in single‐nucleotide polymorphism typing.
Identification and Characterization of the Cuevaene A Biosynthetic Gene Cluster in Streptomyces sp. LZ35
Authors: Jiang Yuhai , Wang Haoxin , Lu Chunhua , Ding Yanjiao , Li Yaoyao , Shen Yuemao
Published: July 2013

Genome sequence analysis of Streptomyces sp. LZ35 has revealed a large number of secondary metabolite pathways, including one encoded in an orphan type I polyketide synthase gene cluster that contains a putative chorismatase/3‐hydroxybenzoate synthase gene. Mutagenesis and comparative metabolic profiling led to the identification of cuevaene A as the metabolic product of the gene cluster, thus making it the first 3‐HBA containing polyketide biosynthetic gene cluster described to date. Cuv10 was proven to be responsible for the conversion of chorismate into 3‐HBA; Cuv18 is speculated to be responsible for the 6‐hydroxylation of 3‐HBA during polyketide chain elongation. Additionally, several pathway‐specific regulatory factors that affect the production of cuevaene A were identified. Our results indicate that targeted inactivation of a gene followed by comparative metabolic profiling is a useful approach to identify and characterize cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters.
Unintentional embolization of a guide wire in the inferior vena cava during central venous catheter insertion successfully retrieved percutaneously 9 months later
Authors: Trabattoni Daniela , Andreini Daniele , Bartorelli Antonio L.
Published: July 2013

Central venous catheters are routinely positioned for hemodynamic monitoring and fluid administration in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, and many well‐known complications associated with this manoeuver have been described. Metalic guide wire embolization is a rare complication potentially associated with nonmechanical and mechanical adverse events. The case we report is peculiar as an almost fully endothelialized guide wire was successfully retrieved 9 months after its unintentional embolization in the inferior vena cava. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transcatheter PFO closure with GORE® septal occluder: Early and mid‐term clinical results
Authors: Butera Gianfranco , Saracino Antonio , Danna Paolo , Sganzerla Paolo , Chessa Massimo , Carminati Mario
Published: July 2013

Background

Transcatheter closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a widespread procedure. However the “quest” for the ideal device is still ongoing. Here we present the procedural and early results of transcatheter closure of PFO with the GORE® Septal Occluder.

Methods

Three Italian centers participated in a registry and collected data from 122 consecutive patients undergoing PFO closure by using GSO device. Indication for closure was previous stroke or transient cerebral ischemia in 110 and migraine in 12 subjects.

Results

The procedure was successful in all patients. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, fluoroscopic, and trans‐esophageal echocardiographic imaging in 80 subjects while it was performed with local anesthesia, fluoroscopic, and intracardiac echocardiographic monitoring in 42 subjects. Twenty patients received a 20 mm device, 70 patients received a 25 mm device, and 32 received a 30 mm device. Procedure and fluoroscopy times were 30 ± 20 and 5 ± 4 min, respectively. In three cases, the implanted device was retrieved because of unsatisfactory position. Four subjects (2.5%) experienced vascular complications. During a median follow‐up of 9 months (range 1–18 months) seven patients experienced atrial arrhythmias and four of them required medical treatment. At six months follow‐up, at chest X‐ray in two cases there was evidence of fracture of two wires of the device. Devices were stable and no treatment was required. Moderate residual shunting was found in two patients at 6‐ and 12‐months follow‐up. No other complication occurred.

Conclusion

GORE® Septal Occluder is an easy, safe, and effective device in closing PFO. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Expanding the Scope of Laccase‐Mediator Systems
Authors: Könst Paul , Kara Selin , Kochius Svenja , Holtmann Dirk , Arends Isabel W. C. E. , Ludwig Roland , Hollmann Frank
Published: July 2013

The laccase‐mediator system (LMS) for the regeneration of oxidised nicotinamide co‐factors was revisited to broaden the mediator scope. Among the 18 mediators screened, acetosyringone, syringaldehyde and caffeic acid excelled with respect to activity and stability under process conditions. The LMS based on the laccase from Myceliophthora thermophila and acetosyringone was further investigated and applied to promote the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent oxidation of glucose as well as the oxidative lactonisation of 1,4‐butanediol to the corresponding γ‐butyrolactone.
Direct Amination of Bio‐Alcohols Using Ammonia
Authors: Pingen Dennis , Diebolt Olivier , Vogt Dieter
Published: July 2013

A slightly adapted catalyst system has been successfully applied in the direct amination of primary and secondary alcohols. Moreover, the applicability to diols has been shown, giving high selectivity towards the primary diamines. It was found that the Ru/P ratio as well as the amount of ammonia used are highly important in this system, especially for higher substrate loadings. The catalyst was employed on a larger batch scale for the conversion of isomannide to the corresponding diamine. Additionally, it was shown that the catalyst is stable for at least six consecutive runs. No significant loss of activity and selectivity was observed.
Homochiral Supramolecular M2L4 Cages by High‐Fidelity Self‐Sorting of Chiral Ligands
Authors: Gütz Christoph , Hovorka Rainer , Schnakenburg Gregor , Lützen Arne
Published: July 2013

A 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐based bis(pyridine) ligand (1) was prepared in racemic and enantiomerically pure form to study the formation of [Pd2(1)4] complexes upon coordination to palladium(II) ions with regard to the degree of chiral self‐sorting. The self‐assembly process proceeds in a highly selective narcissistic self‐recognition manner to give only homochiral supramolecular M2L4 cages, which were characterized by ESI‐MS, NMR, and electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy, as well as by single‐crystal XRD analysis.
ROSEs (Rapid on‐site evaluations) to our patients: The impact on laboratory resources and patient care
Authors: da Cunha Santos Gilda
Published: July 2013

The study by Collins et al published in this issue of Cancer Cytopathology sheds light on financial costs and patient safety as important indicators in evaluating the impact of the introduction of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE) in clinical routine.
Optimizing the Acquisition and Analysis of Confocal Images for Quantitative Single‐Mobile‐Particle Detection
Authors: Friaa Ouided , Furukawa Melissa , Shamas‐Din Aisha , Leber Brian , Andrews David W. , Fradin Cécile
Published: July 2013

Quantification of the fluorescence properties of diffusing particles in solution is an invaluable source of information for characterizing the interactions, stoichiometry, or conformation of molecules directly in their native environment. In the case of heterogeneous populations, single‐particle detection should be the method of choice and it can, in principle, be achieved by using confocal imaging. However, the detection of single mobile particles in confocal images presents specific challenges. In particular, it requires an adapted set of imaging parameters for capturing the confocal images and an adapted event‐detection scheme for analyzing the image. Herein, we report a theoretical framework that allows a prediction of the properties of a homogenous particle population. This model assumes that the particles have linear trajectories with reference to the confocal volume, which holds true for particles with moderate mobility. We compare the predictions of our model to the results as obtained by analyzing the confocal images of solutions of fluorescently labeled liposomes. Based on this comparison, we propose improvements to the simple line‐by‐line thresholding event‐detection scheme, which is commonly used for single‐mobile‐particle detection. We show that an optimal combination of imaging and analysis parameters allows the reliable detection of fluorescent liposomes for concentrations between 1 and 100 pM. This result confirms the importance of confocal single‐particle detection as a complementary technique to ensemble fluorescence‐correlation techniques for the studies of mobile particle.
Temperature dependence of lattice parameters of SBN single crystals in the vicinity of their structural phase transitions
Authors: Paszkowski R. , Wokulska K. , Łukasiewicz T. , Dec J.
Published: July 2013

Changes of lattice parameters of SrxBa1‒xNb2O6 (0.35 < x < 0.72) solid solution single crystals were measured as a function of temperature. The X‐ray Bond’ method was used to carry out very precise measurements of the lattice parameters. Fine correlations between values of the lattice parameter and the Sr concentration in the solid solution of SrxBa1‒xNb2O6 single crystals are found. A conventional analysis of lattice parameter data in terms of spontaneous strain and strain/order parameter coupling shows that a normal structural phase transition does occur. While the ferroelectric system (SBN26) displays a nearly tricritical behavior, β ≈ 0.20, the relaxor one (SBN61) complies with the two‐dimensional Ising‐model‐like criticality, β ≈ 0.17.
Salicylates and the Microbiota: A New Mechanistic Understanding of an Ancient Drug's Role in Dermatological and Gastrointestinal Disease
Authors: Damman Christopher J.
Published: July 2013

Preclinical Research

The proposed mechanism(s) of action of salicylates are as varied as their extraordinary range of clinical indications. Extracted from plant leaves since the beginning of recorded history, salicylates have been used for over 4000 years for the treatment of disease. The anti‐inflammatory and antiplatelet agent aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) was synthesized at the turn of the 20th century and paved the way for salicylates becoming the most widely used drug in the world. Its parent compound salicylic acid as well as the derivatives bismuth subsalicylate and 5‐aminosalicylate are invaluable topical treatments for many dermatological and gastrological diseases. Their mode of action is poorly understood, but a developing understanding of the role of the microbiota in diseases of the skin and intestine suggest microbial targets as a possible unifying mechanism. There is a relatively substantial and little‐known literature demonstrating the antibiofilm and antibiotic‐metabolizing effects of salicylates. A better understanding of this antimicrobial mechanism in dermatological and gastrointestinal diseases could lead to new adjunctive treatments aimed at modulating microbes rather than host inflammation.
The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiotic status of Populus euphratica, a drought resistant tree species from arid lands
Authors: Yang Yuhai , Chen Yaning , Cai Baiyan , Jie Weiguang , Lv Dongying
Published: July 2013

In this study, we isolated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) from rhizosphere of Populus euphratica, naturally occurred in Tarim River Basin. We found morphologically similar few AMF spores from rhizosphere of P. euphratica under drought stress. The average AMF spore densities were 53/50 and 32/50 g in air dried soil from rhizosphere of mature and seedling of P. euphratica, respectively. The AMF spores were simple and Glomus mosseae in nature, identified by traditional morphological methods and molecular techniques. The G. mosseae fungal spores formed mainly in three different types: alone in the soil, inside of the roots or sporangium. The hypha was single and funnel‐shaped at the site of attachment. By optical microscopic observation, the vesicular structures demonstrated a formation by AMF inside the roots of P. euphratica tree. The molecular analysis data showed that a mycorrhizal symbiont was established by G. mosseae associated with P. euphratica root. Moreover, the AMF colonization rate and the infection intensity were not significant high. Specifically, the average colonization frequency (F%) and mycorrhizal infection intensity (M%) were 8.45%, 2.9% for the mature, and 8.62%, 0.3% for the young seedlings of P. euphratica, respectively. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modification of Poly‐ and Oligosaccharides with Os(VI)pyridine. Voltammetry of the Os(VI) Adducts Obtained by Ligand Exchange
Authors: Trefulka Mojmír , Paleček Emil
Published: July 2013

Polysaccharides and oligosaccharides were modified with Os(VI)pyridine complex followed by ligand exchange with different ligands such as 2,2′‐bipyridine or N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine. The time of the modification was much shorter (taking about 15 min) then direct modification with the given Os(VI) complex. The resulting saccharide adducts were analyzed by voltammetric methods at carbon and mercury electrodes. The results showed that the proposed technique gives promise for a new approach to analysis of glycoproteins.
Temporal variability of waves at the proton cyclotron frequency upstream from Mars: Implications for Mars distant hydrogen exosphere
Authors: Bertucci C. , Romanelli N. , Chaufray J. Y. , Gomez D. , Mazelle C. , Delva M. , Modolo R. , González‐Galindo F. , Brain D. A.
Published: July 2013

We report on the temporal variability of the occurrence of waves at the local proton cyclotron frequency upstream from the Martian bow shock from Mars Global Surveyor observations during the first aerobraking and science phasing orbit periods. Observations at high southern latitudes during minimum‐to‐mean solar activity show that the wave occurrence rate is significantly higher around perihelion/southern summer solstice than around the spring and autumn equinoxes. A similar trend is observed in the hydrogen (H) exospheric density profiles over the Martian dayside and South Pole obtained from a model including UV thermospheric heating effects. In spite of the complexity in the ion pickup and plasma wave generation and evolution processes, these results support the idea that variations in the occurrence of waves could be used to study the temporal evolution of the distant Martian H corona and its coupling with the thermosphere at altitudes currently inaccessible to direct measurements.
Are the frictional properties of creeping faults persistent? Evidence from rapid afterslip following the 2011 Tohoku‐oki earthquake
Authors: Fukuda Jun'ichi , Kato Aitaro , Kato Naoyuki , Aoki Yosuke
Published: July 2013

Geophysical observations and numerical studies have shown that creeping portions of faults have persistent rate‐strengthening frictional properties and can act as barriers to earthquake rupture propagation. On the basis of GPS data following the 2011 MW 9.0 Tohoku‐oki earthquake in Japan, we find that the evolution of afterslip and postseismic shear stress on the plate interface is inconsistent with persistent rate‐strengthening frictional properties but is consistent with slip‐rate‐dependent frictional properties that exhibit less rate‐strengthening with increasing slip rate. Such slip‐rate‐dependent frictional properties tend to prevent creeping regions from acting as barriers to rupture propagation and therefore could be an important factor in determining the spatial extent of individual earthquakes.
Magnetic topologies of an in vivo FTE observed by Double Star/TC‐1 at Earth's magnetopause
Authors: Pu Z. Y. , Raeder J. , Zhong J. , Bogdanova Y. V. , Dunlop M. , Xiao C. J. , Wang X. G. , Fazakerley A.
Published: July 2013

Flux transfer events (FTEs) are magnetic flux ropes formed at planetary magnetopauses (MPs). Although evidence suggests that FTEs form through time‐dependent magnetic reconnection, details of that process and 3D structure of the flux ropes remain largely unclear. This letter presents Double Star/TC‐1 data of an FTE occurred on 7 April 2004 which show that the FTE was separated by two X‐lines moving south‐dawnward. In particular, the electron energy‐pitch angle distribution implies that the FTE was composed of flux ropes of all four possible magnetic topologies, indicating that the field lines must have reconnected multiple times. This is an intrinsic property of FTEs formed by 3D multiple X‐line reconnection distinguished from quasi 2D FTE models. This knowledge of FTE magnetic topologies helps to improve our understanding of solar wind‐ magnetosphere coupling at the MP.
Storage, properties and seasonal variations in fine‐grained bed sediment within the main channel and headwaters of the River Sanginjoki, Finland
Authors: Marttila H. , Kløve B.
Published: July 2013

Lowland catchments in Finland are intensively managed, promoting erosion and sedimentation that negatively affects aquatic environments. This study quantified fine‐grained bed sediment in the main channel and upstream headwaters of the River Sanginjoki (399.93 km2) catchment, Northern Finland, using remobilization sediment sampling during the ice‐free period (May 2010–December 2011). Average bed sediment storage in river was 1332 g m−2. Storage and seasonal variations were greater in small headwater areas (total bed sediment storage mean 1527 g m−2, range 122–6700 g m−2 at individual sites; storage of organic sediment: mean 414 g m−2, range 27–3159 g m−2) than in the main channel (total bed sediment storage: mean 1137 g m−2, range 61–4945 g m−2); storage of organic sediment: mean 329 g m−2, range 13–1938 g m−2). Average reach‐specific bed sediment storage increased from downstream to upstream tributaries. In main channel reaches, mean specific storage was 8.73 t km−1, and mean specific storage of organic sediment 2.45 t km−1, whereas in tributaries, it was 126.94 and 34.05 t km−1, respectively. Total fine‐grained bed sediment storage averaged 563 t in the main channel and 6831 t in the catchment. The proportion of mean organic matter at individual sites was 15–47% and organic carbon 4–455 g C m−2, with both being highest in small headwater tributaries. Main channel bed sediment storage comprised 52% of mean annual suspended sediment flux and stored organic carbon comprised 7% of mean annual total organic carbon load. This indicates the importance of small headwater brooks for temporary within‐catchment storage of bed sediment and organic carbon and the significance of fine‐grained sediment stored in channels for the suspended sediment budget of boreal lowland rivers. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Time trends in the prevalence of HPV in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas in northern Spain (1990–2009)
Authors: Rodrigo Juan P. , Heideman Daniëlle A.M. , García‐Pedrero Juana M. , Fresno Manuel F. , Brakenhoff Ruud H. , Díaz Molina Juan P. , Snijders Peter J.F. , Hermsen Mario A.
Published: July 2013

Recent studies support an important role for human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCC), although the incidence varies widely depending on the geographic location and time period studied. The aim of this study was to determine the proportion of HPV in a large cohort of OPSCC in northern Spain in the years 1990–2009. Clinical records and paraffin embedded tumor specimens of 248 consecutive patients surgically treated for OPSCC (140 tonsillar and 108 base of tongue) between 1990 and 2009 were retrieved. OPSCC cases were histomorphologically evaluated, and protein expression of p16 and p53 was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Detection of high‐risk HPV DNA was performed by GP5+/6+‐PCR and in situ hybridization (ISH). Thirty cases (12%) were positive for p16 immunostaining, of which eight (3.2% of the total series) were found positive for HPV type 16 by genotyping of GP5+6+‐PCR products. All HPV GP5+/6+‐PCR‐positive tumors were p53‐immunonegative, seven had a basaloid morphology and seven were also positive by HPV ISH. Presence of HPV correlated inversely with tobacco and alcohol consumption (p < 0.001), but not with age of onset of OPSCC. Overall survival was better in the HPV‐positive group, although not statistically significant (p = 0.175). OPSCC patients in northern Spain demonstrated a low involvement of HPV, increasing (although not significantly, p = 0.120) from 1.8% in 1990–1999 to 6.1% of cases in 2000–2009.
Allergies, atopy, immune‐related factors and childhood rhabdomyosarcoma: A report from the children's oncology group
Authors: Lupo Philip J. , Zhou Renke , Skapek Stephen X. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Spector Logan G. , Scheurer Michael E. , Fatih Okcu M. , Melin Beatrice , Papworth Karin , Erhardt Erik B. , Grufferman Seymour
Published: July 2013

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) is a highly malignant tumor of developing muscle that can occur anywhere in the body. Due to its rarity, relatively little is known about the epidemiology of RMS. Atopic disease is hypothesized to be protective against several malignancies; however, to our knowledge, there have been no assessments of atopy and childhood RMS. Therefore, we explored this association in a case‐control study of 322 childhood RMS cases and 322 pair‐matched controls. Cases were enrolled in a trial run by the Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group. Controls were matched to cases on race, sex and age. The following atopic conditions were assessed: allergies, asthma, eczema and hives; in addition, we examined other immune‐related factors: birth order, day‐care attendance and breastfeeding. Conditional logistic‐regression models were used to calculate an odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for each exposure, adjusted for age, race, sex, household income and parental education. As the two most common histologic types of RMS are embryonal (n = 215) and alveolar (n = 66), we evaluated effect heterogeneity of these exposures. Allergies (OR = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41–0.87), hives (OR = 0.61, 95% CI: 0.38–0.97), day‐care attendance (OR = 0.48, 95% CI: 0.32–0.71) and breastfeeding for ≥ 12 months (OR = 0.36, 95% CI: 0.18–0.70) were inversely associated with childhood RMS. These exposures did not display significant effect heterogeneity between histologic types (p > 0.52 for all exposures). This is the first study indicating that atopic exposures may be protective against childhood RMS, suggesting additional studies are needed to evaluate the immune system's role in the development of this tumor.
Antitumor immune response of dendritic cells (DCs) expressing tumor‐associated antigens derived from induced pluripotent stem cells: In comparison to bone marrow‐derived DCs
Authors: Iwamoto Hiromitsu , Ojima Toshiyasu , Hayata Keiji , Katsuda Masahiro , Miyazawa Motoki , Iida Takeshi , Nakamura Masaki , Nakamori Mikihito , Iwahashi Makoto , Yamaue Hiroki
Published: July 2013

It is generally accepted that the difficulty in obtaining a sufficient number of functional dendritic cells (DCs) is a serious problem in DC‐based immunotherapy. Therefore, we used the induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell‐derived DCs (iPSDCs). If the therapeutic efficacy of iPSDCs is equivalent to that of bone marrow‐derived DCs (BMDCs), then the aforementioned problems may be solved. In our study, we induced iPSDCs from iPS cells and examined the capacity for maturation of iPSDCs compared to that of BMDCs in addition to the capacity for migration of iPSDCs to regional lymph nodes. We adenovirally transduced the hgp100 gene, natural tumor antigens, into DCs and immunized mice once with the genetically modified DCs. The cytotoxic activity of CD8 (+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) was assayed using a 51Cr‐release assay. The therapeutic efficacy of the vaccination was examined in a subcutaneous tumor model. Our results showed that iPSDCs have an equal capacity to BMDCs in terms of maturation and migration. Furthermore, hgp100‐specific CTLs were generated in mice immunized with genetically modified iPSDCs. These CTLs exhibited as high a level of cytotoxicity against B16 cells as BMDCs. Moreover, vaccination with the genetically modified iPSDCs achieved as high a level of therapeutic efficacy as vaccination with BMDCs. Our study clarified experimentally that genetically modified iPSDCs have an equal capacity to BMDCs in terms of tumor‐associated antigen‐specific therapeutic antitumor immunity. This vaccination strategy may therefore be useful for future clinical application as a cancer vaccine.
Adiposity, mediating biomarkers and risk of colon cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition study
Authors: Aleksandrova Krasimira , Drogan Dagmar , Boeing Heiner , Jenab Mazda , Bas Bueno‐de‐Mesquita H. , Jansen Eugene , van Duijnhoven Fränzel J.B. , Rinaldi Sabina , Fedirko Veronika , Romieu Isabelle , Kaaks Rudolf , Riboli Elio , Gunter Marc J. , Romaguera Dora , Westhpal Sabine , Overvad Kim , Tjønneland Anne , Halkjær Jytte , Boutron‐Ruault Marie‐Christine , Clavel‐Chapelon Françoise , Lukanova Annekatrin , Trichopoulou Antonia , Trichopoulos Dimitrios , Vidalis Pavlos , Panico Salvatore , Agnoli Claudia , Palli Domenico , Tumino Rosario , Vineis Paolo , Buckland Genevieve , Sánchez‐Cruz José‐Juan , Dorronsoro Miren , Díaz María José Tormo , Barricarte Aurelio , Ramon Quiros J. , Peeters Petra H. , May Anne M. , Hallmans Göran , Palmqvist Richard , Crowe Francesca L. , Khaw Kay‐Tee , Wareham Nickolas , Pischon Tobias
Published: July 2013

Adiposity is a risk factor for colon cancer, but underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We evaluated the extent to which 11 biomarkers with inflammatory and metabolic actions mediate the association of adiposity measures, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI), with colon cancer in men and women. We analyzed data from a prospective nested case–control study among 662 incident colon cancer cases matched within risk sets to 662 controls. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. The percent effect change and corresponding CIs were estimated after adjusting for biomarkers shown to be associated with colon cancer risk. After multivariable adjustment, WC was associated with colon cancer risk in men (top vs. bottom tertile RR 1.68, 95% CI 1.06–2.65; ptrend = 0.02) and in women (RR 1.67, 95% CI 1.09–2.56; ptrend = 0.03). BMI was associated with risk only in men. The association of WC with colon cancer was accounted mostly for by three biomarkers, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, non‐high‐molecular‐weight adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor, which in combination explained 46% (95% CI 37–57%) of the association in men and 50% (95% CI 40–65%) of the association in women. Similar results were observed for the associations with BMI in men. These data suggest that alterations in levels of these metabolic biomarkers may represent a primary mechanism of action in the relation of adiposity with colon cancer. Further studies are warranted to determine whether altering their concentrations may reduce colon cancer risk.
Cell death in the myocardium: My heart won't go on
Authors: Orogo Amabel M. , Gustafsson Åsa B.
Published: July 2013

Loss of cardiomyocytes plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. With fewer myocytes, the heart is unable to sustain efficient contraction. Much attention has been focused on understanding mechanisms of cell death in myocytes with the ultimate goal being to reduce the extent of injury and improve function in the failing myocardium. Both necrosis and apoptosis contribute to loss of myocytes, and this loss of cells is a hallmark of cardiac pathologies, including ischemia/reperfusion, myocardial infarction, and heart failure. Apoptosis is a highly regulated process that is activated via death receptors in the plasma membrane or via permeabilization of the mitochondria. Necrosis is generally viewed as an uncontrolled process that leads to mitochondrial swelling, cell rupture, and subsequent inflammation. However, recent studies have uncovered a signaling pathway that mediates regulated necrosis or necroptosis. Mitochondria play an important role in both apoptosis and necrosis, and changes in their morphology can affect the cells' susceptibility to stress. This review focuses on the various modes of cell death in the myocardium and highlights how they contribute to loss of myocytes in response to stress. © 2013 IUBMB Life, 65(8):651–656, 2013
When the wind goes out of the sail – declining recovery expectations in the first weeks of back pain
Authors: Carstens J.K.P. , Shaw W.S. , Boersma K. , Reme S.E. , Pransky G. , Linton S.J.
Published: July 2013

Background

Expectations for recovery are a known predictor for returning to work. Most studies seem to conclude that the higher the expectancy the better the outcome. However, the development of expectations over time is rarely researched and experimental studies show that realistic expectations rather than high expectancies are the most adaptive. This study aims to explore patterns of stability and change in expectations for recovery during the first weeks of a back‐pain episode and how these patterns relate to other psychological variables and outcome.

Methods

The study included 496 volunteer patients seeking treatment for work‐related, acute back pain. The participants were measured with self‐report scales of depression, fear of pain, life impact of pain, catastrophizing and expectations for recovery at two time points. A follow‐up focusing on recovery and return to work was conducted 3 months later. A cluster analysis was conducted, categorizing the data on the trajectories of recovery expectations.

Results

Cluster analysis revealed four clusters regarding the development of expectations for recovery during a 2‐week period after pain onset. Three out of four clusters showed stability in their expectations as well as corresponding levels of proximal psychological factors. The fourth cluster showed increases in distress and a decrease in expectations for recovery. This cluster also has poor odds ratios for returning to work and recovery.

Conclusion

Decreases in expectancies for recovery seem as important as baseline values in terms of outcome, which has clinical and theoretical implications.
Neuroticism and Depressive Symptomatology: The Mediating Influence of College Student Floccinaucinihilipilification
Authors: Lee Sherman A. , Yeh Ruth , Surething Nicole A.
Published: July 2013

This study tested a mediation model between depression and neuroticism on 209 college students. Previous research suggests that students who appraise their lives as having no value or worth, which is known as floccinaucinihilipilification (flocci), may be prone to depressive symptoms because of a neurotic disposition. Results found flocci domains targeted at the self and relationships partially mediated the neuroticism–depression relation. Implications and recommendations for professionals are discussed.
Examining How Motivational Interviewing May Foster College Student Development
Authors: Iarussi Melanie M.
Published: July 2013

Professional counselors practicing in higher education settings aspire to meet the developmental needs of college students in addition to addressing their mental health and substance use concerns. Motivational interviewing (MI) is an evidence‐based counseling approach that focuses on enhancing motivation and commitment to change. This article describes how professional counselors working in higher education settings might apply MI to foster college student development while helping students make positive behavior changes.
Conflict Resolution Strategies Adopted From Parenting Coordination: Assisting High‐Conflict Coparenting Students
Authors: Henry Wilma J. , Mitcham Michelle A. , Henry Lynette M.
Published: July 2013

This article examines the challenges faced by nontraditional college students who are coparents as a result of divorce. The need for college counseling centers to have counseling options designed to assist this special population in successfully completing their academic pursuits is presented. Conflict resolution techniques based on the Parenting Coordination model are offered to help these students deal with the challenges of coparenting responsibilities.