bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prenatal detection and obstetric management of true umbilical cord knots using color Doppler and 4D ultrasonography: a report of two cases and literature review
Authors: Gokmen Karasu Ayse Filiz , Kutuk Mehmet Serdar
Published: December 2018

Background

True umbilical cord knots are common incidental findings at birth, however, there are limited reports of antenatal diagnosis. True knots are mostly asymptomatic; however, cord related accidents may be encountered.

Case presentation

We present two cases we diagnosed and followed-up antenatally. We reviewed previous literature and found 16 reports of antenatal diagnosis. In addition to foregoing established risk factors, we noticed an increased risk at first trimester screening in our cases.

Conclusions

Modern ultrasonography (USG) technology applications are valuable for monitoring knot architecture and compression. We propose monitoring the baby with daily kick counts and biweekly cardiotocography after 28–30 weeks of gestation. Weekly umbilical Doppler pulsatility (PI) measurements of afferent and efferent loops with respect to the gestational age, aids in monitoring the tightness of the knot. The timing and route of delivery should be necessitated by obstetric indications. Vaginal delivery is possible under continuous fetal monitorization during labor.
Three laparotomies later: extrinsic duodenal atresia from malrotation complicated by intrinsic duodenal and pyloric windsock webs
Authors: Bengtsson Bengt-Ola S. , Lee Sang , Houten John P. van , Stolar Charles J.H.
Published: December 2018

We present a term infant with the unusual findings of malrotation in combination with both duodenal and pyloric webs of windsock type, thus masquerading as postoperative bowel dysfunction and ultimately requiring three laparotomies. To the best of our knowledge these three findings in combination have not been previously reported. The dilemma of whether to perform a duodenotomy or not during malrotation repair and the importance of instrumenting the intestine from the duodenotomy site in both retrograde and antegrade directions are discussed.
Warum Männlichkeit ein Thema der Degrowth-Bewegung sein sollte
Authors: Heilmann Andreas , Scholz Sylka
Published: December 2018

Ausgangspunkt ist die Beobachtung, dass in den Debatten der Degrowth-Bewegung das Thema Männlichkeit bisher kaum eine Rolle spielt. Dies ist insofern überraschend, als der Aufstieg des wachstumsorientierten Kapitalismus mit der Herausbildung einer spezifischen männlichen Subjektivierungsweise verknüpft ist. Anhand des Konzeptes der imperialen Lebensweise (Brand/Wissen) diskutieren wir exemplarisch, wie die Kategorie Männlichkeit in die Analyse kapitalistischer Wachstumsgesellschaften einbezogen werden kann und welche Erkenntnisse dadurch zu gewinnen sind. Anschließend wenden wir uns der Frage nach möglichen Bündnissen zwischen gleichstellungsorientierten Männlichkeitspolitiken und Degrowth-Bewegung zu. Wir argumentieren, dass sie sich bezüglich einer Politik der De-Privilegierung überschneiden und sich gegenseitig stärken könnten, um eine solidarische Lebensweise auf den Weg zu bringen.
Directed evolution of the 3C protease from coxsackievirus using a novel fluorescence-assisted intracellular method
Authors: Meister Sebastian W. , Hendrikse Natalie M. , Löfblom John
Published: December 2018

Proteases are crucial for regulating biological processes in organisms through hydrolysis of peptide bonds. Recombinant proteases have moreover become important tools in biotechnological, and biomedical research and as therapeutics. We have developed a label-free high-throughput method for quantitative assessment of proteolytic activity in Escherichia coli. The screening method is based on co-expression of a protease of interest and a reporter complex. This reporter consists of an aggregation-prone peptide fused to a fluorescent protein via a linker that contains the corresponding substrate sequence. Cleavage of the substrate rescues the fluorescent protein from aggregation, resulting in increased fluorescence that correlates to proteolytic activity, which can be monitored using flow cytometry. In one round of flow-cytometric cell sorting, we isolated an efficiently cleaved tobacco etch virus (TEV) substrate from a 1:100 000 background of non-cleavable sequences, with around 6000-fold enrichment. We then engineered the 3C protease from coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3 3Cpro) towards improved proteolytic activity on the substrate LEVLFQ↓GP. We isolated highly proteolytic active variants from a randomly mutated CVB3 3Cpro library with up to 4-fold increase in activity. The method enables simultaneous measurement of proteolytic activity and protease expression levels and can therefore be applied for protease substrate profiling, as well as directed evolution of proteases.
Operation Scheduling of Household Load, EV and BESS Using Real Time Pricing, Incentive Based DR and Peak Power Limiting Strategy
Authors: Kakran Sandeep , Chanana Saurabh
Published: December 2018

Demand response (DR) programs have become powerful tools of the smart grids, which provide opportunities for the end-use consumers to participate actively in the energy management programs. This paper investigates impact of different DR strategies in a home-energy management system having consumer with regular load, electric vehicle (EV) and battery-energy storage system (BESS) in the home. The EV is considered as a special type of load, which can also work as an electricity generation source by discharging the power in vehicle-to-home mode during high price time. BESS and a small renewable energy source in form of rooftop photovoltaic panels give a significant contribution in the energy management of the system. As the main contribution to the literature, a mixed integer linear programming based model of home energy management system is formulated to minimize the daily cost of electricity consumption under the effect of different DR programs; such as real time price based DR program, incentive based DR program and peak power limiting DR program. Finally, total electricity prices are analysed in the case studies by including different preferences of the household consumer under mentioned DR programs. A total of 26.93 % electricity cost reduction is noticed with respect to base case, without peak limiting DR and 19.93 % electricity cost reduction is noticed with respect to base case, with peak limiting DR.
Planning Method of Regional Integrated Energy System considering Demand Side Uncertainty
Authors: Ge Shaoyun , Liu Xiaoou , Ge Lukun
Published: December 2018

In this paper, a robust planning method of regional integrated energy system (IES) considering the uncertainty of cooling, heat and electrical loads on the demand side is submitted. First, the energy hub (EH) model of regional IES with Combined Cooling Heating and Power (CCHP), electric air-conditioning unit (EC) and gas boiler (GB) is established. Second, the uncertainty of load is described by the method of adjustable interval, and the robust planning model of regional IES is formed. Third, the robust programming model can be transformed into a convex mixed integer planning model, and then solved. Finally, the case study is carried out with a comprehensive area of Tianjin in China, the results are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed planning method.
The Lives of Pythagoras: A Proposal for Reading Pythagorean Metempsychosis
Authors: Pellò Caterina
Published: December 2018

According to Dicaearchus, metempsychosis was the best known among Pythagoras’ teachings. In this paper, I investigate two features of Pythagorean metempsychosis: its non-retributive character and its epistemological value. I argue that the Pythagoreans did not conceive of reincarnation as a punishment for the wicked and a reward for the virtuous, but rather as a way to gain experience, knowledge and therefore wisdom. This reading enables us to throw light on the puzzling list of Pythagoras’ past lives, which includes Aethalides son of Hermes, Euphorbus the warrior, Pyrrhus the fisherman and even Alco the harlot.
Über Wasserstoffaustauschkatalyse an oxydischen Kontakten
Authors: Eucken Arnold , Wicke Ewald
Published: December 2018

Es wird die Vorstellung entwickelt, daß sich bei der Spaltung von Alkoholen in Wasser und von Olefinen an oxydischen Kontakten (Bauxit und γ-Al203) oberflächliche Hydroxylgruppen der Kontaktsubstanz katalytisch betätigen. Die Wirksamkeit dieser Hydroxylgruppen beruht auf einem durch das "Prinzip der geringsten Strukturände-rung" ausgezeichneten Austauschmechanismus von H-Partikeln. Aus dieser Vorstellung ergibt sich eine Reihe von Folgerungen über den Einfluß der Besetzungsdichte der Oberfläche mit Hydroxylgruppen, über die durch den Austausch zu überbrückenden Atomabstände und über das Verhalten mit OD-Gruppen besetzter Kontaktoberflächen, die experimentell nachgeprüft und mit dem entworfenen Reaktionsmechanismus in Ein-klang gefunden werden.
Kristallchemie des In und Ga in Legierungen mit einigen Übergangselementen (Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag und Au)
Authors: Hellner Erwin , Laves Fritz
Published: December 2018

Zur Erweiterung der Kenntnis über das chemische Verhalten des Galliums und Indiums in Legierungen wurde eine größere Anzahl bislang unbekannter (20) Kristallstrukturen intermetallischer Phasen dieser Elemente mit Übergangselementen bestimmt. Unter den gefundenen Typen sind solche bevorzugt, die vom geometrischen Standpunkt aus (wegen der atomaren Abstandsverhältnisse) das Wirken heteropolarer Kräfte erkennen lassen. Die Ergebnisse bestätigen die Annahme heteropolarer Bindungstendenzen, die in diesen Systemen als Ausdruck eines elektronegativen Charakters von Gallium und Indium anzusehen sind.
Die Isotopenzusammensetzung und die Atomgewichte von Neodym, Samarium und Wolfram
Authors: Mattauch Josef , Scheld Hildegard
Published: December 2018

Nach der bereits von dem einen von uns mit H. Ewald gelegentlich der Untersuchung von Hafnium ausführlich beschriebenen photometrischen Methode, die zu einem schnell arbeitenden Routineverfahren ausgearbeitet worden war, wurden did Linienverhältnisse - das soll heißen die Verhältnisse der Häufigkeiten von Isotopen benachbarter Häufigkeit - beim Neodym, Samarium und Wolfram gemessen, und zwar mit zwei verschiedenen Eichelementen - Xenon und Zink - sowohl für die einfach wie für die doppelt geladenen Ionen. Aus den Mitteln der innerhalb der Fehler übereinstimmenden Wertereihen berechnen sich die folgenden Isotopenhäufigkeiten (Fehlerangaben in % derselben):

[xxx]

ferner die mittleren Massenzahlen Nd : 144,346 ± 0,010, Sm : 150,508 ± 0,019, W : 183,893 ± 0,003 und (unter Annahme der Packungsanteile des „Isotopenberichtes 1942" und eines Umrechnungsfaktors 1,000275) die chemischen Atomgewichte Nd: 144,27x ± 0,01, Sm : 150,43 ± 0,01, W : 183,853 ± 0,01. Von diesen Werten steht der für Neodym in ausgezeichneter Übereinstimmung mit den neueren Atomgewichtsbestimmungen von Hönigschmid und Willner (1938) und von Baxter und Mitarbeitern (1911/16); der für Samarium stimmt vollkommen mit dem Wert der Harvard - Schule (1917/20) überein, während der Wert von Hönigschmid und Hirschbold - Wittner (1941) um etwa 0,3 bis 0,4 ‰ darunter liegt. Beim Wolfram liegt der massenspektrographische Wert ebenso wie bei dem homologen Molybdän fast 0,4 ‰ unter den chemischen Bestimmungen von Hönigschmid und Mitarbeitern (1936). Von zwei im Vorjahr veröffentlichten massenspektrometrischen Messungen der Isotopenhäufigkeiten von Wolfram stimmen die Werte von Williams und Yuster sehr gut mit den unseren überein, während die von Inghram kleine, aber systematische Abweichungen davon zeigen. Am Beispiel des Neodyms wird gezeigt, daß man mit Hilfe der Methode imstande ist, kleine Verunreinigungen durch andere Seltene Erden im Betrag von nur einigen Bruchteilen eines Promilles nachzuweisen und quantitativ zu schätzen.
Comparison of Effectiveness of the Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy and the Metacognition Treatment on Anxiety, Depression and Stress Among Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Haji Seyed Javadi Tahereh , Tajikzadeh Fakhri , Bayat Hossein , Eshraghi Nasim , Roshandel Zahra , Rahmani Soheila
Published: December 2018

Background: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness the metacognition treatment (MCT) and mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) on anxiety, depression, and stress in the females with breast cancer. Methods: The planning of this study is through a quasi-experimental method of pretest and posttest type with control group. The target society of the research included every cancer patient who admitted to Tehran hospitals for breast cancer. Through assigned randomly, 12 patients were selected for the MCT group and 12 patients for the MBCT group, and the other were assigned control group. The data collection tools included depression, anxiety and stress scale - 21 items (DASS-21) questionnaire. For statistical analysis, descriptive tests and repeated measures analysis of variance were performed. Results: Data analysis with repeated multivariate measurements illustrated that there is a significant difference in the rate of depression, anxiety and stress, in three groups. Conclusion: According to our results, MBCT was more effective compared to metacognitive therapy.
Comparison of the Effectiveness of Creativity Therapy Training and Group Counseling Based on Choice Theory on Students’ Motivation Improving
Authors: Yoosefi Jooybari Fahime , Hassanzadeh Ramazan , Fakhri Mohammad Kazem
Published: December 2018

Background: According to findings educational psychologist’s motivation has important effect upon student’s achievement and performance. Therapists and psychologists have tried to study the methods of motivation improving in students. The present study compares the effectiveness of creativity therapy training and group counseling based on the choice theory on motivation improving in students. Methods: The participants of this study included all students referring to the counseling center of Payam Noor University, Sari center, in the academic year of 2016-2017. The convenience sampling method was used for the selection of all the subjects. The sample consisted of 45 individuals who were randomly divided into 3 experimental and control groups (15 individuals per group). In pre-test, the motivation improving questionnaire was administered for all groups. The experimental groups received the training of creativity therapy and group counseling based on the theory of choice in 8 (90 minutes) sessions for 2 months. The control group did not receive training during this period. After completing the training, post-test was obtained in 3 groups. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis by the SPSS-16. Results: The results showed that there is a significant difference between the effectiveness of creativity therapy training and group counseling based on choice theory in promoting students motivation (P<0.05). Also, group counseling based on choice theory had more effect upon students motivation improving than creativity therapy (P=0.001). Conclusion: Creativity therapy training and group counseling based on choice theory may be effective in improving motivation in students.
Laser Treatment of Oral and Maxillofacial Hemangioma
Authors: Azma Ehsan , Razaghi Melika
Published: December 2018

Hemangioma is a congenital vascular soft tissue tumor, defined as a vascular lesion present in the newborn, with a progressive developmental pattern related to age. It has a progressive and regressive periodic growth mode, in comparison with arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Although there are many treatment approaches for curing this lesion such as; surgery, cryotherapy, sclerosant agents, laser therapy has more advantages in comparison to the other methods. Such as, hemostasis and clean operating field, decreased amount of pain and edema. There are many types of lasers manufactured that could be used for therapeutic purposes. This article focuses on different types of laser applications in the treatment of these lesions.
The Combined Effects of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Conditioned Media and Low-Level Laser on Stereological and Biomechanical Parameter in Hypothyroidism Rat Model
Authors: Sefati Niloofar , Abbaszadeh Hojjat-Allah , Fadaei Fathabady Fatemeh , Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin , Khoramgah Maryam-Sadat , Darabi Shahram , Amini Abdollah , Tahmasebinia Foozhan , Norouzian Mohsen
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Many studies have shown the positive effect of laser radiation and application of the mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their secretion in stimulating bone regeneration. The aim of this study was determining effects of MSC conditioned media (CM) and low-level laser (LLL) on healing bone defects in the hypothyroid male rat. Methods: We assigned 30 male Wistar rats randomly to 3 groups: control, hypothyroidism, CM+LLL. Four weeks after surgery, the right tibia was removed. Biomechanical examination and histological examinations were performed immediately. Results: Our results showed significant increase in bending stiffness (116.09±18.49), maximum force (65.41±8.16), stress high load (23.30±7.14), energy absorption (34.57±4.10), trabecular bone volume (1.34±0.38) and the number of osteocyte, osteoblast, and osteoclast (12.77±0.54, 6.19±0.80, 1.12±0.16 respectively) in osteotomy site in the LLL+CM group compared to the hypothyroidism group (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results indicated that using the LLL + CM may improve fracture regeneration and it may hasten bone healing in the hypothyroid rat.
Outcome of Cytomegalovirus Colitis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease with Different Regimes of Ganciclovir
Authors: Ahmed Iftikhar , Kassem Wael , Salam Yazen , Furnari Manuele , Mehta Tina
Published: December 2018

BACKGROUND Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common in individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and is responsible for relapse, increased severity, and poor outcome if left untreated. Ganciclovir is the mainstay of treatment but data regarding its use, mode of administration, and duration of treatment is poorly described. We reviewed the practice of treating CMV colitis with different regimes of ganciclovir at a district NHS hospital to compare the clinical outcome. METHODS 35 patients with IBD and concurrent diagnosis of CMV infection were evaluated. The parameters studied were clinical outcome in term of clinical response, length of hospital stay, readmission, or colectomy with three different regimes of ganciclovir, in addition to treatment for IBD. RESULTS 35 patients with IBD (ulcerative colitis = 23, Crohn’s disease = 5, Indeterminate colitis = 7) and positive diagnosis of CMV infection were studied. Clinical outcome with two weeks of intravenous (IV) ganciclovir regime was superior than one week of IV ganciclovir and two weeks of oral Valganciclovir in term of clinical response on day 15 (95.8% vs 74%, 24.3%, respectively p = 0.45) and colectomy rate within 3 months (6.25% vs 27.3%, vs 25%, respectively). CONCLUSION CMV colitis is associated with poor outcome in patient with IBD if left untreated. 2 weeks IV ganciclovir was associated with a better outcome than 1 week of IV treatment or oral treatment.
A Needs Analysis of Karate Kumite With Recommendations for Performance Testing and Training
Authors: Chaabene Helmi , Negra Yassine , Capranica Laura , Prieske Olaf , Granacher Urs
Published: December 2018

AN EFFECTIVE TRAINING PROGRAM NEEDS TO BE CUSTOMIZED TO THE SPECIFIC DEMANDS OF THE RESPECTIVE SPORT. THEREFORE, IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONDUCT A NEEDS ANALYSIS TO GAIN INFORMATION ON THE UNIQUE CHARACTERISTICS OF THE SPORT. THE OBJECTIVES OF THIS REVIEW WERE (A) TO CONDUCT A SYSTEMATIC NEEDS ANALYSIS OF KARATE KUMITE AND (B) TO PROVIDE PRACTICAL RECOMMENDATIONS FOR SPORT-SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE TESTING AND TRAINING OF KARATE KUMITE ATHLETES. FOR A VIDEO ABSTRACT OF THIS ARTICLE SEE SUPPLEMENTAL DIGITAL CONTENT 1, HTTP://LINKS.LWW.COM/SCJ/A248.
Input-Specific Synaptic Location and Function of the α5 GABAAReceptor Subunit in the Mouse CA1 Hippocampal Neurons
Authors: Magnin Elise , Francavilla Ruggiero , Amalyan Sona , Gervais Etienne , David Linda Suzanne , Luo Xiao , Topolnik Lisa
Published: December 2018

Hippocampus-dependent learning processes are coordinated via a large diversity of GABAergic inhibitory mechanisms. The α5 subunit-containing GABAAreceptor (α5-GABAAR) is abundantly expressed in the hippocampus populating primarily the extrasynaptic domain of CA1 pyramidal cells, where it mediates tonic inhibitory conductance and may cause functional deficits in synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory. However, little is known about synaptic expression of the α5-GABAAR and, accordingly, its location site-specific function. We examined the cell- and synapse-specific distribution of the α5-GABAAR in the CA1 stratum oriens/alveus (O/A) using a combination of immunohistochemistry, whole-cell patch-clamp recordings and optogenetic stimulation in hippocampal slices obtained from mice of either sex. In addition, the input-specific role of the α5-GABAAR in spatial learning and anxiety-related behavior was studied using behavioral testing and chemogenetic manipulations. We demonstrate that α5-GABAAR is preferentially targeted to the inhibitory synapses made by the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)- and calretinin-positive terminals onto dendrites of somatostatin-expressing interneurons. In contrast, synapses made by the parvalbumin-positive inhibitory inputs to O/A interneurons showed no or little α5-GABAAR. Inhibiting the α5-GABAAR in control micein vivoimproved spatial learning but also induced anxiety-like behavior. Inhibiting the α5-GABAAR in mice with inactivated CA1 VIP input could still improve spatial learning and was not associated with anxiety. Together, these data indicate that the α5-GABAAR-mediated phasic inhibition via VIP input to interneurons plays a predominant role in the regulation of anxiety while the α5-GABAAR tonic inhibition via this subunit may control spatial learning.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe α5-GABAAR subunit exhibits high expression in the hippocampus, and regulates the induction of synaptic plasticity and the hippocampus-dependent mnemonic processes. In CA1 principal cells, this subunit occupies mostly extrasynaptic sites and mediates tonic inhibition. Here, we provide evidence that, in CA1 somatostatin-expressing interneurons, the α5-GABAAR subunit is targeted to synapses formed by the VIP- and calretinin-expressing inputs, and plays a specific role in the regulation of anxiety-like behavior.
Dendritic Spines in Early Postnatal Fragile X Mice Are Insensitive to Novel Sensory Experience
Authors: Arroyo Erica D. , Fiole Daniel , Mantri Shilpa S. , Huang Claire , Portera-Cailliau Carlos
Published: December 2018

Autism spectrum disorders are often associated with atypical sensory processing and sensory hypersensitivity, which can lead to maladaptive behaviors, such as tactile defensiveness. Such altered sensory perception in autism spectrum disorders could arise from disruptions in experience-dependent maturation of circuits during early brain development. Here, we tested the hypothesis that synaptic structures of primary somatosensory cortex (S1) neurons in Fragile X syndrome (FXS), which is a common inherited cause of autism, are not modulated by novel sensory information during development. We used chronicin vivotwo-photon microscopy to image dendritic spines and axon “en passant” boutons of layer 2/3 pyramidal neurons in S1 of male and female WT andFmr1KO mice, a model of FXS. We found that a brief (overnight) exposure to dramatically enhance sensory inputs in the second postnatal week led to a significant increase in spine density in WT mice, but not inFmr1KO mice. In contrast, axon “en passant” boutons dynamics were impervious to this novel sensory experience in mice of both genotypes. We surmise that the inability ofFmr1KO mice to modulate postsynaptic dynamics in response to increased sensory input, at a time when sensory information processing first comes online in S1 cortex, could play a role in altered sensory processing in FXS.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTVery few longitudinalin vivoimaging studies have investigated synaptic structure and dynamics in early postnatal mice. Moreover, those studies tend to focus on the effects of sensory input deprivation, a process that rarely occurs during normal brain development. Early postnatal imaging experiments are critical because a variety of neurodevelopmental disorders, including those characterized by autism, could result from alterations in how circuits are shaped by incoming sensory inputs during critical periods of development. In this study, we focused on a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome and demonstrate how dendritic spines are insensitive to a brief period of novel sensory experience.
Alzheimer's Disease Risk Factor Pyk2 Mediates Amyloid-β-Induced Synaptic Dysfunction and Loss
Authors: Salazar Santiago V. , Cox Timothy O. , Lee Suho , Brody A. Harrison , Chyung Annabel S. , Haas Laura T. , Strittmatter Stephen M.
Published: December 2018

Dozens of genes have been implicated in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but none has a defined mechanism of action in neurons. Here, we show that the risk factor Pyk2 (PTK2B) localizes specifically to neurons in adult brain. Absence of Pyk2 has no major effect on synapse formation or the basal parameters of synaptic transmission in the hippocampal Schaffer collateral pathway. However, the induction of synaptic LTD is suppressed in Pyk2-null slices. In contrast, deletion of Pyk2 expression does not alter LTP under control conditions. Of relevance for AD pathophysiology, Pyk2−/−slices are protected from amyloid-β-oligomer (Aβo)-induced suppression of LTP in hippocampal slices. Acutely, a Pyk2 kinase inhibitor also prevents Aβo-induced suppression of LTP in WT slices. Female and male transgenic AD model mice expressing APPswe/PSEN1ΔE9 require Pyk2 for age-dependent loss of synaptic markers and for impairment of learning and memory. However, absence of Pyk2 does not alter Aβ accumulation or gliosis. Therefore, the Pyk2 risk gene is directly implicated in a neuronal Aβo signaling pathway impairing synaptic anatomy and function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic variation at the Pyk2 (PTK2B) locus is a risk for late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the pathophysiological role of Pyk2 is not clear. Here, we studied Pyk2 neuronal function in mice lacking expression with and without transgenes generating amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque pathology. Pyk2 is not required for basal synaptic transmission or LTP, but participates in LTD. Hippocampal slices lacking Pyk2 are protected from AD-related Aβ oligomer suppression of synaptic plasticity. In transgenic AD model mice, deletion of Pyk2 rescues synaptic loss and learning/memory deficits. Therefore, Pyk2 plays a central role in AD-related synaptic dysfunction mediating Aβ-triggered dysfunction.
Mogens Westergaard’s Contributions to Understanding Sex Chromosomes
Authors: Charlesworth Deborah
Published: December 2018

Sixty years ago, Mogens Westergaard published a review analyzing genetic studies from a range of flowering plants. Westergaard provided strong genetic evidence that two separate factors are involved in sex...

A long-standing question in biology concerns the genetic mechanisms by which two sexes can evolve (botanists call this the dioecious condition and zoologists call it gonochory) from a functionally ancestral hermaphroditic state (without separate sexes). In 1932, H. J. Muller, one of the great 20th century geneticists but also a fine evolutionary biologist, pointed out that two mutations were necessary. It was therefore puzzling that sex determination often involves a single genetic locus. Muller believed that the evolution of a single-gene system was possible, because maize geneticists had synthesized a single-gene system with separate sexes. However, this system is highly artificial, requiring geneticists to actively eliminate the wild-type allele at one of the two genes involved. This genetic system cannot therefore explain the natural evolution of dioecy. In 1958, Westergaard reviewed studies from a diversity of flowering plants, and showed that the genetics of natural sex determination in plants does not support the maize system. Instead, the genetic results pointed to a model involving two separate factors, with close linkage creating a single genetic locus. Moreover, Westergaard also pointed out that a two-gene model offers a natural explanation for the evolution of suppressed recombination between sex chromosome pairs. Studying plants allowed genetic analyses of the early steps in the evolution of dioecy, using dioecious species that evolved recently from species without separate sexes, whereas Muller failed to fully understand such evolutionary changes because he focused on animals, where later changes have often happened and obscured the early stages.
Evolutionary Virology at 40
Authors: Geoghegan Jemma L , Holmes Edward C
Published: December 2018

Geoghegan and Holmes describe the history of evolutionary ideas in the study of viruses, showing that two different approaches to studying virus evolution—the comparative and the experimental—were both established in seminal papers published in the late...

RNA viruses are diverse, abundant, and rapidly evolving. Genetic data have been generated from virus populations since the late 1970s and used to understand their evolution, emergence, and spread, culminating in the generation and analysis of many thousands of viral genome sequences. Despite this wealth of data, evolutionary genetics has played a surprisingly small role in our understanding of virus evolution. Instead, studies of RNA virus evolution have been dominated by two very different perspectives, the experimental and the comparative, that have largely been conducted independently and sometimes antagonistically. Here, we review the insights that these two approaches have provided over the last 40 years. We show that experimental approaches using in vitro and in vivo laboratory models are largely focused on short-term intrahost evolutionary mechanisms, and may not always be relevant to natural systems. In contrast, the comparative approach relies on the phylogenetic analysis of natural virus populations, usually considering data collected over multiple cycles of virus–host transmission, but is divorced from the causative evolutionary processes. To truly understand RNA virus evolution it is necessary to meld experimental and comparative approaches within a single evolutionary genetic framework, and to link viral evolution at the intrahost scale with that which occurs over both epidemiological and geological timescales. We suggest that the impetus for this new synthesis may come from methodological advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomics.
Cohort Analysis: Dropout, Lag and Terminal Efficiency in the Bachelor of Medicina and Surgery of the University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Vanegas-Pissa Juan Carlos , Sancho-Ugalde Hilda
Published: December 2018

This study aims to analyze the institutional completion rates, the dropout rates, the student lag, and the average number of years to successfully complete the degree in Medicine and Surgery. The population consists of four cohorts: from I-2008(n=252), II-2008 (n= 142), I 2009 (n= 214) and II- 2009 (n= 144). The data come from the institutional database “AVATAR”, fed by the Registration Department, with socio-demographic variables and grades by subject and academic period, which are automatically uploaded to the system and corroborated with the reports delivered by each teacher. To analyze the data we used the Stata v-14 package, the survival models (duration models) and a Cox regression model was adjusted. The completion rate is 29,9%, with a duration of 11-13 semesters (5½ 6½ years), 12,8% prolong their studies up to one more semester. The average dropout rate of the cohorts was 55,2%, occurring during the first six semesters of the career. An important cause of dropout is the multiple repetition of Basic Science courses that gives a lag of 14,9%. We recommended to carry out studies that clarify the causes of these results and allow the renovation of didactic methods, curricular redesign, and study methods to overcome these problems.
La pertinencia de la traducción pedagógica para el desarrollo de la educación bilingüe en Costa Rica
Authors: Hernández-Ching Ruth Cristina
Published: December 2018

El artículo plantea una reflexión sobre el bilingüismo en Costa Rica a la luz de las últimas versiones del Estado de la Educación Costarricense (2011, 2013, 2015 y 2017). Se analizan los aportes exitosos de varias investigaciones nacionales e internacionales en donde se propone la traducción pedagógica como técnica efectiva para el desarrollo de las competencias comunicativas. Así mismo, se hace un recuento de los principales hitos históricos de la traducción en la enseñanza de segundas lenguas. Existen valiosos programas en el MEP, colegios, escuelas y universidades públicas y privadas, pero hay una tendencia a asociar el uso de la traducción en la enseñanza únicamente con el método gramatical. Estudios posteriores podrían orientarse a comparar los avances entre poblaciones que han adquirido el idioma como segunda lengua y que han trabajado por un período corto de tiempo en un centro de llamadas, en turismo, o en actividades de la vida real, en donde tiene que traducir o interpretar en modo real, en comparación con los que no.
Bugac–Felsőmonostor-Csitári tanya és kiskunmajsa-jonathermál tatárjárás kori lelőhelyek csontmaradványainak embertani vizsgálata
Authors: Buzár Ágota , Bernert Zsolt
Published: December 2018

A közleményben szereplő lelőhelyekről előkerült emberi maradványok részletes antropológiai vizsgálatát végeztük el. A csontok mindkét esetben nem szokványos temetkezésből származnak.
Use of cues in forecasting tasks: Evidence from sport predictions
Authors: Becser Norbert , Esse Bálint , Szántó Richárd
Published: December 2018

We asked Hungarian students to make soccer forecasts for a round of the Chilean Primera División, which was selected to minimise recognition heuristics, as this league is not followed by Hungarian soccer fans. Students made their forecasts based on cues about the teams. They received sets of cues of different quality based on previously composed expert evaluations of the given information. Although there were interesting findings regarding expertise and gender differences, the central question concerned how students evaluated the cues they received. Results show a pattern that we interpret as the contrast effect in information sets, which is present independent of gender or expertise.
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT pH SETTINGS ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF COMMON CARP RAJADANU STRAIN
Authors: Prakoso Vitas Atmadi , Radona Deni
Published: December 2018

pH is one of the important water quality parameters in aquaculture. This study aimed to observe the growth performance and survival rate of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) Rajadanu strain reared in culture media with different pH levels. Fish (length: 3.60 ± 0.18 cm; weight: 1.68 ± 0.18 g) were stocked in nine aquariums (40 cm x 40 cm x 30 cm) for 10 days with a stocking density of 25 fish per aquarium. The treatments used were (A) pH 4-5, (B) pH 5-6, and (C) pH 6-7, with three replications. A commercial feed containing 28% protein was given daily and as much as 3% of the total biomass. The observed data were analyzed using variance analysis (ANOVA), followed by Duncan test. The results showed that the pH treatments did not affect the growth (length and weight) and survival rate of common carp Rajadanu strain (P>0.05). The best growth was achieved by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 6-7 (length = 0.38 cm; weight = 0.17 g). The highest survival was attained by the fish group reared in water with a pH range of 5-6 (90.66%).
THE EFFECTS OF WEANING TIME ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea)THE EFFECTS OF WEANING TIME ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF MUD CRAB (Scylla olivacea)
Authors: Haryati Haryati , Fujaya Yushinta , Septiningsih Early
Published: December 2018

Live foods such as rotifers and Artemia are commonly used as foods in larval rearing of mud crab (S. olivacea). However, the continuous availability and nutritional consistency of live foods are difficult to control. Thus, the development of artificial diets to partially or fully replaced live foods is needed to overcome the limitations of live foods. The purpose of this research was to determine the best stage at which mud crab larvae can be weaned from live foods to artificial diets. The research experiment consisted of: treatment-1, the larvae were fed with live foods from zoea-1 to megalopa stages as the control treatment; treatment-2, the larvae were fed with artificial diet from zoea-2 to megalopa stages; and treatment-3, the larvae were fed with artificial diet from zoea-3 to megalopa stages. In treatment-4, artificial diet was given from zoea-4 to megalopa stages. The growth and survival rate of larvae in treatment-1, 3, and 4 were not significantly different (P>0.05) but significantly different with treatment-2. Based on the present results, this study suggests that artificial diet can be given to mud crab larvae (S. olivacea) from the third zoea stage.
PEMIJAHAN INDUK, PROFIL KOLESTEROL, DAN ASAM LEMAK TELUR LOBSTER PASIR (Panulirus homarus) HASIL BUDIDAYA
Authors: Adiputra Yudha Trinoegraha , Zairin Jr. Muhammad , Suprayudi Muhammad Agus , Manalu Wasmen , Widanarni Widanarni
Published: December 2018

Pembenihan lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) belum berkembang di Indonesia karena terbatasnya teknik pemijahan induk dan belum diketahuinya tingkat keberhasilan induk betina membawa telur dan profil telur hasil pemeliharaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ablasi satu tangkai mata, metode pemijahan massal dan individual pada bulan gelap dan terang pada induk berganti kulit dan membawa telur, serta konsentrasi kolesterol dan asam-asam lemak telur pada lama pengeraman berbeda. Induk betina dan jantan dipakai secara terus-menerus saat percobaan pemijahan. Pemijahan pertama menggunakan pemijahan dengan rasio 2:1 pada bulan gelap. Percobaan kedua dan ketiga menggunakan pemijahan massal selama bulan terang dan gelap. Profil telur dibandingkan konsentrasi kolesterol dan asam lemaknya pada 1, 2, dan 3-4 minggu pengeraman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ablasi tangkai mata dapat menstimulasi pemijahan individual dan massal yang didahului dengan ganti kulit pada induk betina sebagai indikator pemijahan. Pemijahan massal pada bulan gelap menghasilkan induk betina membawa telur terbanyak dibandingkan pemijahan individual pada bulan gelap dan pemijahan massal pada bulan terang. Konsentrasi kolesterol dan asam-asam lemak telur mengalami perubahan mengikuti lama pengeraman oleh induk yang menunjukkan terjadinya peningkatan kematangan telur (P<0,05).Spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) hatchery has not been developed in Indonesia. Major constraints were limited broodstock spawning techniques, low incidence of eggs-berried broodstock, and unknown eggs profile. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of eyestalk ablation, spawning methods and moon circulation to molted, the number of eggs berried of females, and eggs-berried cholesterol and fatty acids profiles. Individual and mass spawning during full and new moon were used in this studies. Female and male broodstocks were used for consecutive spawning with ratio 2:1. The first study was used individual spawning during new moon. The second and third studies were used mass spawning during full moon and new moon, respectively. Eggs-berried profile compared concentration of cholesterol and fatty acids during 1, 2, and 3-4 weeks. Results showed eyestalk ablation stimulated individual or mass spawned and molted of female as early indicator of spawning. Full moon and mass spawning supported more eggs-berried female broodstock than that of other methods. Cholesterol and fatty acids showed different concentration within 1, 2, and 3-4 weeks of eggs-berried that supported eggs maturity (P<0.05).
BUKTI LANGSUNG INTERAKSI PERDAGANGAN DI KEPULAUAN RIAU; STUDI PADA SITUS ARKEOLOGI BAWAH AIR DI PULAU NATUNA DAN PULAU BINTAN
Authors: Adhityatama Shinatria , Sulistyarto Priyatno Hadi
Published: December 2018

Kepulauan Riau merupakan pintu gerbang masuknya para pedagang internasional ke Nusantara. Kepulauan ini memiliki sejarah maritim yang panjang, dan aktivitas perdagangan global terekam secara detail di kawasan ini dengan ditemukannya situs kapal karam dan barang komoditasnya. Kapal karam merupakan bukti langsung secara arkeologi untuk merekonstruksi aktivitas pelayaran laut. Dari temuan kapal karam kita dapat mempelajari teknologi struktur kapal itu sendiri, navigasi laut dalam jalur perdagangan, interaksi budaya, serta jenis komoditas yang dipasarkan di Perairan Nusantara secara khusus. Kerajaan-kerajaan Melayu berkembang pesat seiring makin ramainya aktivitas perdagangan di laut Cina Selatan dan Selat Malaka. Data arkeologi menunjukkan pedagang-pedagang dari India, Arab, Persia, bahkan Eropa telah singgah dan beraktivitas di perairan Kepulauan Riau. Para ahli pun berpendapat bahwa Perairan Laut Cina Selatan hingga Selat Malaka tidak kalah ramainya dengan perairan Mediteranian. Hal ini tergambar pada situs-situs arkeologi bawah air yang berada di Perairan Pulau Natuna dan Pulau Bintan. Kedua pulau ini hingga sekarang memiliki peran yang signifikan bagi aktivitas pelayaran dan perdagangan di Indonesia. Aktivitas perdagangan masa lalu tersaji dengan sangat baik di situs-situs arkeologi bawah air di perairan kedua pulau tersebut. Namun, aktivitas penjarahan juga terus terjadi pada situs-situs arkeologi bawah air sehingga memunculkan diskusi mengenai perlunya dikembangkan model pelestarian yang aman untuk situs arkeologi bawah air di Kepulauan Riau agar masyarakat dapat menerima manfaatnya.
KARAKTERISTIK SEBARAN SEDIMEN DAN LAJU SEDIMENTASI PERAIRAN TELUK BANTEN
Authors: Rustam Agustin , Adi Novi Susetyo , Mustikasari Eva , Kepel Terry Louise , Kusumaningtyas Mariska A.
Published: December 2018

Teluk Banten di utara kota Serang, Banten, menampung berbagai muatan sedimen dari 7 (tujuh) sungai yang bermuara di teluk ini. Penelitian yang dilakukan pada bulan Oktober 2008 di perairan teluk ini bertujuan untuk memahami karakteristik sebaran sedimen permukaan dan komposisi bahan organik serta laju sedimentasi sebagai bagian dari penelitian karbon laut di Indonesia. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode deskriptif, dengan memeriksa sedimen yang diambil menggunakan grab sampler. Analisis sedimen meliputi pengukuran tekstur sedimen, bahan organik total atau total organic matter (TOM) dan laju sedimentasi; analisis perairan meliputi bahan organik terlarut dan total padatan tersuspensi atau total suspended solids (TSS). Dalam klasifikasi pasir, debu dan liat, sample yang dikumpulkan dari Teluk Banten menunjukkan tekstur sedimen pasir rata-rata sebesar 54,86 %, sedangkan nilai TOM dan karbon organik berkisar 5,33 – 20,57 % dan 0,47 – 3,44 %. Laju sedimentasi tercatat berkisar antara 0,011 – 0,035 kg/m2/hari dengan komposisi tertinggi pada tekstur pasir.
Simulation of Space and Ground-Based Aviation Surveillance Systems Functioning
Authors: Skorokhodov Yaroslav
Published: December 2018

At present, the orbital constellations of satellites with the possibility of receiving, processing and relaying the ADS-B («Automatic Dependent Surveillance — Broadcast») system signals that ensure globality and continuity of the air traffic monitoring are being created and gradually enhanced. In accordance with the concept of ADS-B technology usage , each air traffic participant broadcasts its identity, location, and status parameters in broadcast mode. Due to the fact that the system was not designed to receive signals onboard the satellite, there are certain problems related to their energy availability, the presence of collisions of messages from different sources, the effect of Doppler effect and other factors. Developed simulation model of aviation surveillance systems based on the reception of signals containing identification and navigation information and transmitted over the air in the broadcasting mode. Software-implemented simulation algorithms allow to set various constraints and assumptions (radiation sources distribution, aviation communication systems signals receiving points, information transmitting channel, signals frequency and duration distribution models) and obtain the target indicators estimates of the space and ground-based aviation surveillance systems functioning, taking into account various spatial and energy factors and conditions for the radio signals propagation, and controlled objects actual placement and their movement dynamics in the world airspace. Simulation model use methods and examples for calculating the space and ground aviation surveillance systems functioning target indicators are presented.
One of the main functions of an information security system is the identification of any access subject to be able to investigate information security incidents. During executing procedures of scanning and vulnerability exploitation, qualified adversaries
Authors: Iskhakov Andrey , Iskhakova Anastasia , Meshcheryakov Roman , Bendraou Reda , Melekhova Olga
Published: December 2018

One of the main functions of an information security system is the identification of any access subject to be able to investigate information security incidents. During executing procedures of scanning and vulnerability exploitation, qualified adversaries regularly change identifying features. Such operations can not only obfuscate logging the data in subsystems, thus, complicating the restoring of events chronology for an information security expert but also call into question the irrefutability of the evidence of participation of particular adversary to particular illegal operations.

In the paper analyses of application of modern approaches of adversary identification in web resources, which does not require authentification of main part of users, is given (fingerprinting, analysis of behavioral features).

Along with widely used in web analytics “thermal maps”, user adapted profile and computer model of dynamics of “user-mouse” system, authors offer to identify the subjects of information security incident in readily available informational resources of the Internet. The main idea of the prospective approach consists of the following: when a thermal map is built, not only the density of data layout should be considered but also statistical parameters should be defined by an expert (the distance of intensity gradient, distance overlap, etc.). The authors also offer to consider the dynamics of user operations (e.g. calculation of the average duration of data entry into interactive elements). A description of each step of an appropriate technique and also information on its practical implementation are given. Robustness of the given approach is confirmed by a practical experiment. The offered technique is not a universal instrument of adversary identification . Only manual targeted attacks are considered, the cURL tools etc. used by adversaries are not taken into account. Therefore, it is recommended to use this technique exclusively in addition to working protective systems (WAF, IPS, IDS).