bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Google Forms as an Online Learning Assessment Tool for Non-EFL Students
Authors: Fitria Tira Nur
Published: September 2024

This research investigates the use of Google Forms as an online learning assessmenttool for non-EFL students at Institute Technology Business AAS Indonesia and toknow the strengths and limitations of Google Forms in assessing English students’learning. This is descriptive qualitative research. The method of collecting data in thisresearch used observation. The analysis shows that Google Forms is a practical,effective, and easy learning assessment tool for English lecturers in mid-term testsand final tests in English courses. We can use Google Forms by first logging into aGoogle account, making a learning assessment title, setting the initial learningassessment, deciding on question type, making questions, making answer keys anddefault scores, copying a URL link test, sharing, scoring, and analyzing the result. Wecan set a time limit for taking questions/quizzes on Google Forms so students canwork on test questions on time. Google Forms offers benefits that help us to createEnglish tests. It is free to use, easy to use, integrated with Google Sheets, can beeasily used and shared, and data presentation from respondents can be presented invarious forms, open source, saving cost, saving time and energy, storing datasecurely, integrated add-ons, having short URLs, having many choices of quiz menus,having auto-summary and real-time survey results. However, Google Forms haslimitations including limited design and font choices, limited export options only toGoogle Sheets and PDF, no email notifications, no editing/modification history, andGoogle Forms cannot be used in online discussion forums. However, the pros anddownsides of using Google Forms as an online assessment tool were not discussedin depth by the researchers. In this scenario, the researcher intends to carry out astudy on Google Forms by enrolling in the teaching site's 'English 2' course.Keywords: assessment tool, Google Form, online learning assessment
Representasi Nilai Multikultural Dalam Teks Buku Ajar Pendidikan Agama Islam Di SMA Negeri 1 Tenga Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan
Authors: Pomalingo Dina
Published: September 2024

Skripsi ini mengkaji tentang reprsentasi nilai-nilai multikultural dalam teks buku ajar pendidikan agama islam di SMA Negeri 1 Tenga Kabupaten Minahasa Selatan. Nilai-nilai yang dimaksud disini adalah nilai-nilai yang berhubungan dengan multikultural pada buku siswa kelas X, XII dan XII. Dimana nilai-nilai tersebut adalah nilai inklusif (terbuka), mendahulukan dialog, toleransi, kemanusiaan (terbuka), tolong-menolong, keadilan (demokratis), persamaan persaudaraan sebangsa maupun antar bangsa, berbaik sangka dan cinta tanah air.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, data-data penelitian dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer dan data sekunder di lapangan. Data tersebut kemudian dianalisis menggunakan reduksi data, penyiapan data, dan penarikan kesimpulan.Nilai-nilai multikultural yang terdapat dalam buku ajar relevan dengan era kontemporer dan juga konteks Indonesia yang Berbhineka Tunggal Ika. Pada penerapannya nilai-nilai multikultural cenderung di praktekkan pada kehidupan sehari-hari diantaranya nilai toleransi.  Dimana sikap saling toleransi ini sudah terlaksana oleh siswa dimana penerapanya pada saat melaksanakan kegiatan-kegiatan berupa ibadah sehingga kerukunan antar umat beragama bisa berjalan dengan baik. Sehingga representasi nilai-nilai multikultural sangat dirasakan dalam lingkungan pendidikan khususnya sekolah. Sedangkan dalam proses pembelajaran guru diwajibkan menggunakan berbagai metode yakni dengan cara penjelasan materi kemudian diskusi kelompok dan dalam proses berlangsung dimana guru lebih menggunakan komunikasi dua arah agar siswanya lebih aktif  dalam belajar selain itu dengan adanya interaksi siswa dapat mengetahui karakter guru sehingga dalam pembelajaran siswa lebih mudah memahami apa yang disampaikan.   Kata kunci: Representasi, Nilai-nilai Multikultural
Pengembangan Media Video Pembelajaran Berbasis Aplikasi Kinemaster Pada Mata Pelajaran PAI Dikelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Bekri
Authors: Oktaviana Ranti , Ehwanudin Ehwanudin , Hayati Rina Mida
Published: September 2024

Penggunaan teknologi dalam pendidikan telah menjadi fokus utama dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran di berbagai tingkatan sekolah. Salah satu aplikasi yang menarik perhatian dalam konteks ini adalah Kinemaster, sebuah aplikasi penyunting video yang memiliki beragam fitur untuk pembuatan konten multimedia. Media pembelajaran digunakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas penyampaian pesan pembelajaran, namun seringkali penggunaannya masih terbatas dan kurang bervariasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media video pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi kinemaster pada mata pelajaran PAI dikelas VII dengan materi hidup tenang dengan kejujuran, amanah, dan istiqomah, dan juga untuk mengetahui kelayakan media video pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Kinemaster pada mata pelajaran PAI dikelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Bekri. Metode penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) dengan model 4D yang terdiri dari tahap define (Pendefinisian), design (Perancangan), development (Pengembangan), dan disseminate (Penyebarluasan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk yang dihasilkan sangat layak digunakan, dengan hasil validasi ahli materi mencapai 95% dalam kriteria sangat layak, serta validasi ahli media mencapai 95% dalam kriteria sangat layak.  Kemudian mendapatkan hasil respon positif dari guru dan siswa yaitu 90% dan 92,72%. Dengan demikian, media video pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi Kinemaster pada mata pelajaran PAI dikelas VII SMP Negeri 2 Bekri dinyatakan sangat layak untuk digunakan.Kata kunci:     media pembelajaran, video kinemaster, PAI, Research and Development
Peran Keluarga dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa di Era Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Julaeha Engkam , Tafsir Ahmad , Helmawati Helmawati
Published: September 2024

This research is motivated by the phenomenon that occurs in today's society, namely the role of parents is needed in the distance learning process. Parents as motivators in providing motivation, attention and also support for children during learning activities. The specific purpose of the researcher is to find out the role of the family (parents) as a motivator in increasing students' learning motivation in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic. And to find out the various obstacles and solutions faced by the role of the family as a motivator in increasing student learning motivation in the Covid-19 pandemic era. This researcher uses a qualitative method with descriptive analysis. Data collection techniques were carried out through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the research on the role of families in increasing students' learning motivation during the Covid-19 pandemic show that parents have high enthusiasm in teaching their children at home, especially mothers who accompany their children more all the time. There are parents who pay less attention to their children's learning because they have very busy jobs so that children learn on their own, but there are also parents who are very concerned about their children's school assignments and guide and direct them. The obstacles and solutions in this research are factors that constrain the occurrence of the online learning process carried out by students / students, including: lack of time given by parents, lack of parental knowledge about children's learning, lack of facilities and infrastructure provided by parents, On the other hand there are solutions to support the occurrence of online learning, but only apply to parents who are able and have a lot of time as follows: 1) educators, namely nurturing, educating, fostering and training children so that they achieve developmental tasks appropriately and optimally, 2) people parents as motivators, in this case parents must always provide encouragement to their children to have a passion for learning, especially studying at home as a support for successful achievement in school. 3) facilitator, parents must provide facilities, fulfill family/child needs in the form of clothing, food and shelter, including speed oh education. and 4). Parents as mentors, the role of parents is to accompany, and guide their children in learning and provide assistance to children when experiencing learning difficulties. Constraints and solutions are used as motivation to make learning at home more optimal
Analisis Materi SKI Kurikulum Merdeka Pada Madrasah Aliyah dan Pengembangannya
Authors: Rahman Ummu Fitrah Widia , Martin Kustati  , Nana Sepriyanti
Published: September 2024

Salah satu komponen terpenting dalam pembelajaran adalah bahan ajar, karena di dalam bahan ajar terdapat materi yang disusun secara utuh dan sistematis berdasarkan prinsip-prinsip pembelajaran yang akan diberikan pendidik kepada peserta didik dalam proses pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bahan ajar Sejarah Kebudayaan Islam (SKI) untuk tingkat MA kelas X dan pengembangannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Research and Development (R&D) dengan model 4D, yaitu define, design, develop, dan disseminate. Namun dalam penelitian ini hanya ada 3 tahap yaitu tahap pendefinisian (Define) dengan melakukan analisis bahan ajar, buku ajar, analisis materi, ruang lingkup dan capaian pembelajaran, perancangan (Design) dengan mendesain bahan ajar dengan mengambil materi yang tidak relevan dengan capaian pembelajaran, kemudian menambahkan materi yang sesuai dengan capaian pembelajaran dan selanjutnya mendesain bahan ajar yang akan dikembangkan dalam bentuk handout, pengembangan (Development) dilakukan dengan cara FGD dengan dosen dan mahasiswa pascasarjana UIN Imam Bonjol Padang.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa materi utama di kelas.
Problematika Kesulitan Belajar Siswa Kelas X di MA Darul Hidayah
Authors: Shifa Lestari  , Kania Chelsea Amadhea , Septiani Wulan Putri , Achmad Fajrullah
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis problematika kesulitan belajar yang dihadapi oleh siswa kelas X di MA Darul Hidayah serta dampaknya terhadap hasil belajar mereka. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan observasi dan wawancara, didukung oleh pengumpulan data melalui Google Forms. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas X di MA Darul Hidayah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami materi pelajaran, yang ditandai dengan tingginya tingkat kesulitan yang diungkapkan melalui angket. Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya memahami faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan kesulitan belajar tersebut. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan para guru dapat lebih memahami permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh peserta didik dan menemukan solusi yang tepat untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, sehingga proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien.
Implementasi Nilai-Nilai Aswaja dalam Pendidikan di Sekolah: Menjawab Tantangan Revolusi Industri 4.0
Authors: Ahmad Sukandar  , Usep Suherman
Published: September 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan implementasi nilai-nilai Aswaja (Ahlusunnah wal Jamaah) di sekolah dalam menjawab tantangan yang ditimbulkan oleh Revolusi Industri 4.0. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi tinjauan literatur, yang melibatkan kajian teori-teori yang relevan dengan masalah penelitian. Metode ini sangat penting, terutama dalam penelitian akademis, karena metode ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan teori dan aplikasi praktis. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai Aswaja  moderasi (tawassuth), keseimbangan (tawazun), toleransi (tasamuh), dan keadilan (i'tidal) berfungsi sebagai prinsip-prinsip panduan untuk berperilaku dalam semua aspek kehidupan. Pendekatan yang paling efektif untuk membina kehidupan beragama di sekolah adalah melalui strategi yang mencakup learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, dan learning to live together. Selain itu, proses pengembangan kehidupan beragama dapat dilakukan melalui metode seperti memberikan pengajaran teori yang minimal, memberikan contoh dan teladan yang luas, memperkuat pembiasaan dan praktik, memberikan motivasi yang cukup, dan memastikan pengawasan dan penegakan aturan yang konsisten.
Rekonstruksi Pemikiran Islam Imam Syafi'i: Interpretasi dan Implikasi Bagi Pendidikan Islam Kontemporer
Authors: Iqbal Hilman  , Jaeni Dahlan  , Atep Suryaman
Published: September 2024

Islam menekankan kecerdasan (al-aql) dan pemikiran (al-fikr), mendorong pemikiran yang kreatif dan konstruktif bagi umat manusia. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi kontribusi Imam Syafi'i dalam yurisprudensi Islam dan implikasinya terhadap pendidikan Islam kontemporer. Analisis konten kualitatif dilakukan dengan meninjau karya-karya utama Imam Syafi'i dan analisis ilmiah terkait untuk memahami prinsip-prinsipnya dan potensi penerapannya dalam pendidikan modern. Rekonstruksi pemikiran Imam Syafi'i mendukung kurikulum integratif yang menggabungkan pengetahuan agama dan modern, mendorong pemikiran analitis dan kritis. Kurikulum ini mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi masalah hukum dan etika yang kompleks, menjaga relevansi dalam konteks sosial dan teknologi yang terus berubah. Nilai-nilai etikanya berkontribusi pada pembangunan karakter, memastikan mahasiswa memiliki landasan moral. Pendekatan kontekstual dalam menafsirkan teks mempersiapkan siswa untuk menghadapi tantangan kontemporer. Pemikiran Imam Syafi'i secara signifikan berdampak pada pendidikan Islam kontemporer. Prinsip-prinsip ushul fiqih dan yurisprudensi yang dikombinasikan dengan pendekatannya terhadap penafsiran Al-Quran dan hadis, memberikan dasar yang kuat untuk kurikulum yang responsif. Mengintegrasikan pengetahuan agama dengan ilmu pengetahuan modern meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir analitis dan kritis, sementara ajaran etika mendukung pembangunan karakter. Penelitian di masa depan harus mengeksplorasi penerapan praktis pemikiran Imam Syafi'i dalam pendidikan Islam modern, yang menekankan kecerdasan dan penalaran dalam mendorong pemikiran konstruktif.
Harmful YouTube Video Detection: A Taxonomy of Online Harm and MLLMs (GPT-4-Turbo) as Alternative Annotators
Authors: Jo Claire Wonjeong , Wesołowska Miki , Wojcieszak Magdalena
Published: September 2024

Short video platforms, such as YouTube, Instagram, or TikTok, are used by billions of users globally. These platforms expose users to harmful content, ranging from clickbait or physical harms to misinformation or online hate. Yet, detecting harmful videos remains challenging due to inconsistent approaches to what constitutes harm and limited resources and mental tolls involved in human annotation. In this study, we develop a comprehensive taxonomy for online harm on short video platforms, categorizing it into six categories: Information, Hate and harassment, Addictive, Clickbait, Sexual, and Physical harms. In addition, we establish multimodal large language models (MLLMs) as reliable annotators of harmful videos. We analyze 19,422 YouTube videos using 14 image frames, 1 thumbnail, and text metadata, comparing the accuracy of crowdworkers (Mturk) and GPT-4-Turbo with domain expert annotations serving as the gold standard. Our results demonstrate that GPT-4-Turbo outperforms crowdworkers in both binary classification (harmful vs. harmless) and multi-label harm categorization tasks. Methodologically, this study extends the application of LLMs to multi-label and multi-modal contexts beyond text annotation and binary classification. Practically, our study contributes to online harm mitigation by guiding the definitions and identification of harmful content on video platforms.
Sexual selection in single song repertoires
Authors: Kriengwatana Pralle
Published: September 2024

Despite birdsong being one of the most studied models of sexual selection, how it operatesin birds that sing only one song remains poorly understood. A recent study using a big dataapproach reveals a novel aspect of song that may potentially function as an honest signal ofmale quality and a way to maintain listener attention.
Revisiting Text Readability and Processing Effort in L2 Reading: Evidence From Bayesian Modeling of Eye-Tracking Data
Authors: Nahatame Shingo , Yamaguchi Kazuhiro
Published: September 2024

Studies have explored the relationship between text readability and processing effort in L2 reading—as evidenced by eye movements. However, these studies generally relied on short texts, raising concerns about the validity of the analyzed data. This study reexamined these relationships using open-source eye-tracking data from L2 English learners who read longer passages (those over 200 words). The passages were analyzed for different readability indices and various linguistic features, which were subsequently used to predict some passage-level eye-tracking measures. Bayesian modeling revealed that complex linguistic features, primarily lexical features, play a significant role in predicting these measures. However, the benefits of using these features were not much greater than those of using readability indices or simple linguistic features, such as word and sentence length. This study concludes that simple linguistic features can be effective predictors of processing effort in L2 text reading, considering their interpretability and low computational cost.
Ecological Momentary Assessment in clinical research: A systematic review
Authors: Mink Fabienne , Hehlmann Miriam Ina , Lutz Wolfgang
Published: September 2024

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) stands as a valuable method to capture real-time data on individuals’ daily experiences and behaviors. In recent years, the utilization of EMA as a measurement method has substantially increased with the majority of studies emphasizing its clinical utility. However, a comprehensive overview of its use in clinical research is lacking. This study addresses that gap by systematically reviewing EMA’s application in clinical research. In total, 142 studies met the inclusion criteria and were classified according to clinical utilization. Six areas of clinical EMA application were identified: prediction of therapy outcome (n = 16), prediction of psychopathology (n = 35), prediction of biopsychosocial states (n = 39), measurement of therapy outcome (n = 7), acquisition of further clinical insights into specific disorders (n = 57) and adaptation of treatment processes (n = 15). Despite studies consistently highlighting EMA's potential in tailoring psychotherapeutic treatments, its limited use in this area warrants further research. Drawing from our findings, we discuss future research directions for the direct application of EMA in clinical settings.
‘I wouldn’t have become addicted to fruit machines if it wasn’t for coin pushers’: A case report of adolescent coin pusher use leading to lifelong gambling-related harm
Authors: Torrance Jamie , Smith Jessica , Newall Philip
Published: September 2024

While most previous adolescent gambling research focuses on the illegal use of age-restricted products, adolescents can also often gamble legally using machines such as coin pushers (aka ‘penny falls’ machines). Using a qualitative case report design, we use an in-depth interview to complement previous findings, which have associated recollected adolescent use of coin pusher machines with levels of adult gambling-related harm. We recruited a 57-year-old male with a history of significant gambling-related harm, whose initiation into gambling involved the adolescent use of coin pusher machines. The interview was audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Three themes were identified: the structural similarities between coin pushers and traditional gambling formats, the role of proximity and normalization in facilitating progression to riskier gambling, and the participant's suggestions for population-level harm prevention measures. This novel case report highlights how a person's lifelong struggles with severe gambling-related harms began with adolescent exposure to coin pusher machines. Greater awareness of this case could encourage more gamblers to share similar experiences, alongside helping to educate parents and policymakers about the potential harmful consequences of using coin pusher machines.
Judgment and Attention towards Male and Female Harm-Doers: An Eye-Tracking Investigation in Community Adults and Inmates
Authors: Zajenkowska Anna , Bodecka-Zych Marta , Duda Ewa , Kaźmierczak Izabela , Jakubowska Adrianna , Okruszek Łukasz , Zarazińska Anna , Lawrence Claire
Published: September 2024

Women’s aggressive acts are in some circumstances perceived as more intentional but at the same time more acceptable than male aggression. Women typically display less direct, especially physical, aggression, and there are fewer instances of female harm-doers, which may draw more visual attention. That is why the main aim of the current project was to investigate gender differences in ascriptions of intentionality and blame to both male and female harm doers, as well attention to their faces using eye tracking methodology. We conducted three studies: Study 1 was done among adults (N = 122, M = 23.94; SD = 5.33, range from 18 to 49) from the general community and focused on ambiguous aggressive encounters. The second study aimed to replicate Study 1 (N = 120, M = 28.88; SD = 10.42, range from 17 to 80) but also tested the hypotheses in clearly hostile scenes, where someone was undeniably harmed. In a third study (N = 60, M = 38.55; SD = 9.45, range 22 to 60), we aimed to replicate the findings of the first studies in aggressive-prone participants: imprisoned violent offenders men and women. The eye-tracking data in all three studies indicated that female harm doers as compared to male harm doers captured more attention. Additionally, there were no clear gender differences in attribution of intentionality and blame ascription to both male and female harm-doers.
An empirical study of the use of neuroscience in sentencing in New South Wales, Australia
Authors: Alimardani Armin
Published: September 2024

While neuroscience has been used in Australian courts for the past 40 years, no systematic empirical study has been conducted into how neuroscientific evidence is used in courts. This study provides a systematic review on how neuroscientific evidence is considered in sentencing decisions of New South Wales criminal courts. A comprehensive and systematic search was conducted on three databases. From this search, 331 relevant sentencing decisions before 2016 that discussed neuroscientific evidence were examined. The findings of this study suggest that neuroscientific evidence appeared to contribute to sentencing decisions in less than half of the cases examined; and in the majority of these, it supported a more lenient sentence.
Quantum Economics in Decision-Making for Healthcare Services: A Transformative Framework for Resource Allocation
Authors: Adamou Marios
Published: September 2024

This paper introduces the concept of Quantum Economics, a groundbreaking framework for economic analysis inspired by the principles of quantum mechanics. Traditional economic models often fail to capture the inherent complexities and uncertainties in healthcare decision-making, where diverse variables and stakeholder preferences intersect. Quantum Economics integrates elements of uncertainty, probability, and interconnectedness, providing a more flexible, dynamic, and holistic model for decision-making. This paper explores the principles of Quantum Economics, discusses its application to healthcare services, and uses advanced mathematical representations to illustrate its practical utility. Proposals for empirical studies and comparative analyses are presented to suggest how the framework could be validated, with a view toward global implementation and interdisciplinary connections demonstrating its potential to revolutionise healthcare systems worldwide.
Partially observable predictor models for identifying cognitive markers
Authors: Oravecz Zita , Sliwinski Martin , Kim Sharon , Williams Lindy , Katz Mindy , Vandekerckhove Joachim
Published: September 2024

Repeated assessments of cognitive performance yield rich data from which we can extract markers of cognitive performance. Computational cognitive process models are often fit to repeated cognitive assessments to quantify individual differences in terms of substantively meaningful cognitive markers and link them to other person-level variables. Most studies stop at this point, and do not test whether these cognitive markers have utility for predicting some meaningful outcomes. Here, we demonstrate a partially observable predictor modeling framework that can fill this gap. In this framework, we can simultaneously extract cognitive markers from repeated assessment data and use these together with demographic covariates for predictive modeling of a clinically interesting outcome, implemented in a Bayesian multilevel modeling framework. We describe this approach by constructing a predictive process model in which features of learning are combined with demographic variables to predict mild cognitive impairment, and demonstrate it using data from the Einstein Aging Study.
Addiction to Cosmetic Procedures: A Scoping Literature Review
Authors: Wagenaar Wendy , Hermans Anne-Mette
Published: September 2024

Over the past few decades, cosmetic procedures have become increasingly popular. Alongside this rise in popularity, however, concerns have been raised regarding cosmetic extremes and potential “addiction” to cosmetic procedures. Yet, it remains unclear and underspecified what this “addiction” entails and/or how it can be established.This scoping review aims to (i) compile and explore articles defining “addiction” to cosmetic procedures and (ii) identify key characteristics which in the literature are related to the concept of “addiction” to cosmetic procedures. Following the PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we conducted a scoping review, searching PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for relevant articles published between January 2000 and February 1, 2024. The eligibility criteria included all English-language articles with full-text availability that described characteristics associated with “addiction” to cosmetic procedures. Ultimately, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria,highlighting the scarcity of research on this topic. The reviewed studies used a variety of terms to describe “addiction” to cosmetic procedures. In addition, the studies indicated characteristics that are related to the concept of “addiction”to cosmetic procedures, such as excessive use; preoccupation with cosmetic procedures;hazardous use; and psychological dependence. To our knowledge, this scoping review is the first to explore the concept of “addiction” to cosmetic procedures. Based on this review, it would be desirable to further conceptualize and investigate whether “addiction” to cosmetic procedures could and/or should be recognized as a behavioral addiction.
The effect of standardised packaging and limited flavour descriptors of vape pods among adults and youth - online experiments
Authors: Taylor Eve , Ebdon Madeleine , Nottage Matilda K , Simonavičius Erikas , Brose Leonie , McNeill Ann , Cheeseman Hazel , Bunce Laura , Arnott Deborah , East Katherine Amy
Published: September 2024

Significance: Vape (e-cigarette) use among youth and adults has increased in Great Britain (GB). Vape packaging often includes colourful designs and conceptual flavour names, which appeal to youth. Hence, vape packaging regulation is being considered in GB. We examined the impact of standardised vape packaging and flavour names on appeal to youth and adults.Methods: Online experiments in the 2024 Action on Smoking and Health Youth (n=2,770, aged 11-18), and custom Prolific Academic Adult (n=3,947, aged 18+), surveys. Participants were randomised to one packaging condition from: (1) branded packs (Control), (2) standardised white with usual descriptions (e.g.blu razz) (3) standardised white with limited flavour descriptions (e.g.blueberry and raspberry), and among adults only (4) standardised white with coded flavour descriptions (e.g.FR248). All participants were asked to report peer or own interest in trying the vapes displayed, and adults were asked how harmful they thought products were relative to cigarettes. Logistic regression models examined associations between interest in trying products, harm perceptions, and packaging condition.Results: Youth reported higher odds of no perceived peer interest in trying vapes in standardised, (31.5%) and standardised with limited flavour descriptions (25.2%) packs, compared to branded (24.0%). When stratified by smoking and vaping, youth who had never smoked or vaped had higher odds of reporting no interest in standardised packs with usual or limited flavour descriptors compared to branded packs.Adults reported higher odds of no interest in trying standardised packs with coded flavour descriptions (76.2%), but not usual (75.4%) or limited (70.1%) flavour descriptions, compared to branded (71.5%). Adults who smoked or vaped had greater odds of reporting no interest in standardised packs with usual flavour descriptions compared to branded.Packaging condition did not have a significant effect on relative harm perceptions among adults (p>.05). Conclusions: Standardising packaging and limiting flavour descriptions reduced youth, but not adults, interest in trying vapes. There was little effect of standardised packaging on adults’ relative harm perceptions.
Perceived Quality of Life, Well-being, and Curiosity of Older Adults
Authors: Birenbaum Menucha , Alhija Fadia Nasser-Abu , Shilton Hany , Kimron Helena , Rosanski Rovena
Published: September 2024

The study examined the relationships between perceived quality of life (QoL), well-being (WB), and curiosity of older adults. An occasional sample of 199 subjects answered the CASP12 questionnaire (measuring QoL), the 5-DCR Scale (measuring curiosity), and a brief demographic questionnaire (referring to gender, age, marital status, and continued interest in the profession.) The qualitative layer consisted of twenty in-depth, semi-structured interviews with curious older persons. Findings of the quantitative layer pointed to a substantial association between curiosity and QoL, underscoring the direct and indirect (through curiosity) effects of the demographic factors on QoL, particularly the mediating effect of curiosity on the relationships between continued interest in the profession and QoL. The impact of curiosity, love of learning, and personal attributes on WB were highlighted in the qualitative layer. Implications for cultivating a growth mindset focusing on curiosity across the lifespan and publicizing their role in fostering adaptive aging were discussed.
Truncating the Likelihood Allows Outlier Exclusion Without Overestimating the Evidence in the Bayes Factor t-Test
Authors: Godmann Henrik R. , Bartoš František , Wagenmakers Eric-Jan
Published: September 2024

The purpose of outlier exclusion is to improve data quality and prevent modelmisspecification. However, procedures to identify and exclude outliers may bring unwantedside effects such as an increase in the Type I error rate. Here we study the side effects ofoutlier exclusion procedures on the Bayes factor hypothesis test. We focus on the Bayesianindependent samples t-test and show how outlier exclusion procedures may inflate theBayes factor, resulting in conclusions that are overconfident. Researchers therefore findthemselves on the horns of a dilemma: spurious effects and an inflation of evidence canoccur both as a result of retaining outliers and as a result of removing extremeobservations. To resolve the dilemma, we propose to truncate the likelihood function andembed the procedure in the Bayesian model-averaged t-test. Simulations demonstrate theadequacy of the proposed solution. The methodology has been implemented in the Rpackage RoBTT and in JASP.
The road not taken: Selective sampling and persisting inaccurate impressions
Authors: Vanlooy Emily , Harris Chris , Custers Ruud
Published: September 2024

When individuals learn through experience, they tend to choose the options they believe will produce the most favorable outcomes. Research by Harris and colleagues (2020) indicated that this inclination to consistently engage with the perceived optimal choice can bias the resulting evidence, potentially perpetuating inaccurate beliefs under certain conditions. As it is unclear whether this effect is driven by people attempting to approach positive outcomes, or by their drive to avoid negative outcomes, the current study aims to distinguish between those two motives. Participants completed a two-armed bandit task with identical options, where initial evidence was manipulated to induce the belief that one option was better than the other. Experiment 1 was conducted in a rewarding context, where financial gains served as a reinforcer (as opposed to neutral outcomes), while Experiment 2 featured a negative context, with the omission of an expected aversive event as a reinforcer. Behavioral measures showed signs of a lasting bias in the aversive context of Experiment 2, corroborated by a bias in explicit contingency estimates. No such effects were observed in the positive context of Experiment 1. These findings suggest that lasting biases in experiential learning are driven more strongly by negative than positive outcomes. Implications for the acquisition of irrational aversive beliefs are discussed.
Card pack and loot box spending are both positively correlated with problem gambling but not linked to negative mental health
Authors: Xiao Leon Y. , Zendle David , Petrovskaya Elena , Nielsen Rune , Newall Philip Warren Stirling
Published: September 2024

Card packs are physical products providing random content. Companies rely on them to monetise physical trading or collectible card games. Loot boxes are equivalent digital products inside video games that can similarly be bought to obtain randomised rewards. Both products are psychologically similar to gambling because the player can ‘win’ by obtaining rare and valuable rewards or alternatively ‘lose’ by obtaining non-valuable rewards. Loot box spending has been repeatedly and reliably linked to problem gambling. However, only one previous study considered the link between card pack spending and problem gambling and failed to find a positive correlation. Substantially improving on that study’s methodology, we recruited card game players living in English-speaking Western countries (N = 1,961) to reassess the links between card pack and loot box spending on one hand and problem gambling and mental health outcomes on the other. Spending money on physical card packs (r = 0.15), loot boxes (r = 0.31), and virtual card packs (a specific type of loot boxes found in a specific genre of card-based video games; r = 0.19) were all linked to problem gambling. The relationship between card packing spending and problem gambling was weaker than that between loot box spending and problem gambling. Spending money on all these gambling-like products were not linked to negative mental health outcomes. Curiously, spending money on one sub-category of loot boxes was less strongly correlated with problem gambling, indicating certain loot boxes might be more harmful than others. The current legal definitions of ‘gambling’ in many countries should be modernised using scientific evidence: presently, the law regulates products that are less strongly correlated with problem gambling and therefore arguably less potentially harmful (e.g., card packs), but fails to regulate arguably more harmful products that are more strongly correlated with problem gambling (e.g., loot boxes).
Perceptions of EU and member state legitimacy in times of crisis: a citizens’ perspective
Authors: Grimmel Andreas , Wallaschek Stefan , giang Susanne My , Eigmüller Monika , Kotzur Markus
Published: September 2024

This study investigates citizens’ perceptions of the European Union’s (EU’s) and member states’ legitimacy in two major crises over the last 15 years: the eurozone and debt crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic. By collecting and analysing letters to the editor from the German daily newspaper Sueddeutsche Zeitung (SZ) in the period 2010 to 2021, we examine responsibility attribution to political actors, the overall tone of the letters and whether these letters are focused on the polity or the policy dimension. The results of our study show how these perceptions of legitimacy of the EU and national executives that are expressed in the letters to the editor were debated differently in the two crises studied. Additionally, we find that there was a clear focus on the national executive during the pandemic. Furthermore, the crises provide a public opportunity to criticise how the political system works, thus contesting the legitimacy of EU or national polity extending beyond concrete policy measures.
Effect of Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) on Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, FGF21 gene expression, and liver histopathology in mice with low-protein diet
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Gunanegara Rimonta Febby ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha-Immanuel Hospital, West Java, Indonesia, Dewanto Agung ,   Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada-Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sunarti  ,   Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Published: September 2024

Introduction: The number of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the intestine is influenced by diet. Gut microbiota and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) form a liver-gut axis that mediates the body’s response to protein restriction. Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea), which contains high levels of amino acids, has the potential to be a source of protein. This study aimed to determine the effect of Bambara groundnut on the number of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, FGF21 gene expression, and liver histopathology in mice fed with a low-protein diet. Methods: A total of 25 mice were divided into five groups: normal protein diet (N), lowprotein diet (LP), and low-protein diet with supplementation of 100 g (LPLB), 200 g (LPMB), and 300 g (LPHB) of Bambara groundnut, respectively. After 2 months of intervention, mice were sacrificed, the number of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the intestines and faeces, as well as FGF21 gene expression were analysed, while liver histopathology was visualised. Results: Results showed that Bambara groundnut supplementation increased the growth of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, decreased FGF21 gene expression, and reduced liver inflammation caused by a lowprotein diet. Conclusion: Bambara groundnut supplementation has the potential to increase the amount of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, decrease the expression of adaptive stress gene FGF21, and improve the degree of liver inflammation in a lowprotein diet.
Exploring Traditional Nepalese Building Techniques and Timber’s Role Structural Integrity
Authors: Maharjan Bipin , Singh Dongol Moon
Published: September 2024

This paper aims to explore traditional Nepalese building construction techniques and the significant role of timber in enhancing the structural integrity and longevity of these buildings. With a long history of utilizing materials that are readily available locally, particularly wood, clay, stone, Nepal a country renowned for its rich architectural legacy has built buildings employing these resources. The study delves into the various traditional building techniques employed in Nepal, including the intricate craftsmanship and cultural significance associated with them. Additionally, it investigates the unique properties of timber that make it an ideal choice for construction in the Nepalese context. The finding talks about the construction of buildings various techniques which are employed to assemble structures. This includes information, on building materials, functional space allocation and the terminologies used in building construction. These terminologies hold value as they are derived from our tradition, in building construction technology. The findings of this research can serve as a valuable resource for architects, engineers, conservationists, and policymakers involved in the restoration and sustainable development of traditional Nepalese buildings.
Flood Modelling of Madi River Using HEC-RAS by Rain on Grid Approach
Authors: Thapa Prasun , Manandhar Sujal , Poudel Swikriti , Shrestha Sudesha , Pakhrin Tamang Shila , Shrestha Roshani , Devkota Nirajan
Published: September 2024

Indispensable for prognosticating flood impact in areas with limited data availability, reliable flood models are crucial for the analysis and mitigation of flood hazard. This study provides insight to accurately analyse flood scenarios by preparing a well calibrated 2D hydraulic model in HEC-RAS along with the Rain on Grid approach, which is subsequently used for hazard map preparation of Madi River. Hazard classification of flood depth indicated that for a 20-year return period, Moderate hazard levels covered 16.499%, High hazard levels covered 14.831%, and Very High hazard levels covered 68.670% of the total inundated area with reference to the depth hazard categories. Since, significant portion of the inundated area is classified as Very High Hazard; the finding of this research emphasizes the need of effective mitigation measure and provides essential insights crucial for flood risk assessment.
Review and Thermal Calculation of a Shell and Tube Heat Exchanger with Baffles in Cross - Counter Flow Arrangement
Authors: Raj Koirala Lila
Published: September 2024

In one pass shell and tube heat exchanger with baffles one fluid flows inside of parallel tubes and other fluid flows outside of tubes in perpendicular to tube axis changing alternately its direction. Passing the window of the baffles the shell side fluid deviates its flow direction rapidly. This creates just behind the window of each baffle a so-called “dead volume” which renders a stagnation of flow. This dead volume assumed to be triangular in shape causing the flow behind the window to be conical.In this thermal model the “dead volume” taken into account and change of temperature of the shell side fluid during its flow from tube to tube is considered. The thermal analysis of the cross- counter flow arrangement for any number of tube in bundle with progressive changes in tube length has been carried out. The numerical computations with different tube and baffle numbers are performed. It is found that at the beginning the effectiveness of the heat exchanger increases distinctly with increasing tube number and baffle number. But after certain number of tube and baffles the increasing rate weakens and it becomes very small. Due to the presence of “dead volume” there is reduction in the thermally active heat transfer surface area which leads to a smaller value of Number of Transfer Units (NTU). Hence, the results of computation obtained in this paper with the consideration of the “dead volume” will provide lower value of the effectiveness than that of without the consideration of it.
Torção esplênica primária em cão
Authors: Santi Pablo Roniel , Sandrin Carla Barreto , Cruz Matheus Barbosa Gomes
Published: September 2024

Splenic torsion occurs when the spleen rotates around its vascular pedicle, being more frequent in large dogs with a deep chest. The diagnosis is based on the association of clinical signs, abdominal ultrasound examination with color Doppler mode and exploratory celiotomy. The present work reports the surgical treatment of a canine patient, female Pitbull, 10 years old and 25 kg, treated with complaints of lethargy, apathy, hematuria, loose stools and increased abdominal volume. Upon ultrasound examination, she presented an enlarged spleen, diffusely lacy echotexture, reduced echogenicity, without evident blood flow in color Doppler mode. Due to the suggestion of splenic torsion, the patient was referred for exploratory celiotomy, which confirmed the condition. The treatment instituted was total splenectomy, without distortion of the vascular pedicle. The surgical technique presented good results, without complications in the intraoperative and postoperative periods.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Kelompok Batik Laila melalui Penerapan Teknologi di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) Budi Utomo Lumajang
Authors: Kharismawati Indah , Cahyono Arie Eko , Zahro Ianatuz , Siswono Hendrik
Published: September 2024

Artikel ini mendokumentasikan pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat di kelompok Batik Laila, yang berlokasi di Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM) Budi Utomo Lumajang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi beberapa kendala dalam produksi batik tulis tradisional yang dihadapi oleh mitra, terutama terkait penggunaan alat tradisional yang tidak efisien dan waktu produksi yang lama. Melalui pendekatan ini, mitra diperkenalkan dengan teknologi modern, seperti canting elektrik dan kompor elektrik, yang memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan efisiensi produksi. Mitra juga diberikan dukungan dalam bentuk peralatan batik tulis yang lebih canggih dan efisien, seperti canting elektrik dan kompor elektrik, untuk membantu mereka meningkatkan kualitas dan efisiensi produksi. Mitra juga menerima pelatihan dalam pemasaran digital, branding, dan promosi untuk memperluas jangkauan pasar dan meningkatkan daya saing produk mereka. Hasil pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini mencakup peningkatan yang signifikan dalam efisiensi produksi, kemampuan manajemen usaha, dan perbaikan strategi pemasaran di kelompok usaha Batik Tulis Laila di PKBM Budi Utomo Lumajang.
Penggunaan Aplikasi Analisis Sentimen Untuk Mengembangkan Digital Marketing Pada UMKM
Authors: Fauzaturroisiyah Oktavia , Fadil Cholid , Imaningsih Niniek
Published: September 2024

Media sosial adalah salah satu jenis media yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam rangka berbagi informasi antar sesama penggunanya yang dapat mengakibatkan penuhnya berbagai sentimen yang berasal dari berbagai segi pandangan terhadap isue sosial yang sedang ramai diperbincangkan. Perkembangan ini merambah dalam dunia perkembangan ekonomi yang dapat dimanfaatkan pada UMKM dalam melakukan pengembangan bisnis melalui digitalisasi. Aplikasi TikTok merupakan salah satu media sosial yang diisi dengan berbagai ragam sentimen dari para penggunanya dimana sentimen tersebut terdapat sentimen positif, sentimen negatif, dan sentimen netral. Dengan demikian dapat diketahui bagaimana pandangan masyarakat terhadap aplikasi Shopee sebagai media yang digunakan untuk pengembangan digitalisasi UMKM. Pengembangan ini dilakukan dengan memberi pelatihan penggunaan sosial media yang diawali dengan menganalisis sentimen Aplikasi TikTok. Hal ini diharapakan mampu menjangkau target pasar yang dapat dijangkau dengan luas.