bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis: A Step Toward Standardizing Diabetic Foot Images
Authors: Ladyzynski Piotr
Published: November 2017

In this issue of Journal of Diabetes Science and Technology Yap and coauthors report on the design and present results from a reliability study of the application called FootSnap that is intended for standardization of the distance and the orientation of the camera relative to the diabetic foot that is photographed. To produce standardized photographs FootSnap uses a straightforward, yet original and useful method. However, other systems have been reported and clinically tested earlier, in which the same parameters of foot images might be standardized and which are free of some limitations of FootSnap. Nevertheless, FootSnap should contribute to increase clarity of documenting changes in the diabetic foot shape, texture color and lesions, and it should facilitate application of automatic image processing algorithms.
Sport Sampling Is Associated With Improved Landing Technique in Youth Athletes
Authors: DiStefano Lindsay J. , Beltz Eleanor M. , Root Hayley J. , Martinez Jessica C. , Houghton Andrew , Taranto Nicole , Pearce Katherine , McConnell Erin , Muscat Courtney , Boyle Steve , Trojian Thomas H.
Published: November 2017

Background:

Sport sampling is recommended to promote fundamental movement skill acquisition and physical activity. In contrast, sport specialization is associated with musculoskeletal injury risk, burnout, and attrition from sport. There is limited evidence to support the influence of sport sampling on neuromuscular control, which is associated with injury risk, in youth athletes.

Hypothesis:

Athletes who participated in only 1 sport during the previous year would demonstrate higher Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) scores than their counterparts.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Level of Evidence:

Level 3.

Methods:

A total of 355 youth athletes (age range, 8-14 years) completed a test session with a jump-landing task, which was evaluated using the LESS. Participants were categorized as single sport (SS) or multisport (MS) based on their self-reported sport participation in the past year. Their duration of sport sampling (low, moderate, high) was determined based on their sport participation history. Participants were dichotomized into good (LESS <5) or poor (LESS ≥5) categories. Chi-square tests were performed to evaluate for the association between control category (good, poor) and participation (MS, SS), as well as sport-sampling duration (low, moderate, high).

Results:

The MS group was 2.5 times (95% CI, 1.9-3.1) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the SS group (χ2(355) = 10.10, P < 0.01). Recreational participants in the “high” sport-sampling duration group were 5.8 times (95% CI, 3.1-8.5) and 5.4 times (95% CI, 4.0-6.8) as likely to be categorized as having good control compared with the moderate and low groups (χ2(216) = 11.20, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

Sport sampling at a young age is associated with improved neuromuscular control, which may reduce injury risk in youth athletes.

Clinical Relevance:

Youth athletes should be encouraged to try participating in multiple sports to enhance their neuromuscular control and promote long-term physical activity.
Geriatric Basics for the Neurohospitalist
Authors: Heckmann Josef G. , Kraus Jörg , Lang Christoph J. G.
Published: November 2017

Due to the increasing age of the population, neurohospitalists are more frequently caring for old and very old people. Fundamental definitions and topics related to geriatric medicine are therefore of particular importance. In this review, common issues encountered in geriatric patients hospitalized on the neurology service are discussed. Focus is put on the geriatric assessment, multiprofessional diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, geriatric syndromes, pharmacotherapy of the aged, delirium, pain, and palliative management as they are relevant for the neurohospitalist. In addition, ethical questions are addressed.
Health literacy and health-promoting behaviours among Australian-Singaporean communities living in Sydney metropolitan area
Authors: Ho Tze Gek , Hosseinzadeh Hassan , Rahman Bayzidur , Sheikh Mohamud
Published: November 2017

Background:

Health literacy affects how individuals navigate and make decisions within the healthcare system and has been recognized to influence health behaviours. However, less is known about its associations with health-promoting behaviours amongst Australian migrant populations. This study is an attempt to fill this gap by investigating the level of health literacy and its associations with physical activity, healthy diet, smoking and health services utilization among Australian-Singaporean communities.

Methods:

A total of 157 participants were recruited from Singaporean communities living in Sydney metropolitan areas, New South Wales, Australia. Data was collected through a cross-sectional online survey from January 2016 to August 2016.

Results:

Most of the respondents were female (56.1%), employed (70.7%) and had lived in Sydney for >5 years (80.3%). About 60% of the participants were inadequately health-literate (Brief Health Literacy Screening Tool score ≤ 16). The level of health literacy varied significantly based on participants’ socioeconomic status. Regression analysis indicated that health literacy was a reliable predictor of health-promoting behaviours including diet, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption, physical activity and having a medical check-up.

Conclusions:

This study’s findings have significant implications for health policy makers and suggest that health literacy should be encouraged and included in any health-promoting behaviour interventions amongst migrant populations.
Vertebral body segmentation with GrowCut: Initial experience, workflow and practical application
Authors: Egger Jan , Nimsky Christopher , Chen Xiaojun
Published: November 2017

Objectives:

Spinal diseases are very common; for example, the risk of osteoporotic fracture is 40% for White women and 13% for White men in the United States during their lifetime. Hence, the total number of surgical spinal treatments is on the rise with the aging population, and accurate diagnosis is of great importance to avoid complications and a reappearance of the symptoms. Imaging and analysis of a vertebral column is an exhausting task that can lead to wrong interpretations. The overall goal of this contribution is to study a cellular automata-based approach for the segmentation of vertebral bodies between the compacta and surrounding structures yielding to time savings and reducing interpretation errors.

Methods:

To obtain the ground truth, T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging acquisitions of the spine were segmented in a slice-by-slice procedure by several neurosurgeons. Subsequently, the same vertebral bodies have been segmented by a physician using the cellular automata approach GrowCut.

Results:

Manual and GrowCut segmentations have been evaluated against each other via the Dice Score and the Hausdorff distance resulting in 82.99% ± 5.03% and 18.91 ± 7.2 voxel, respectively. Moreover, the times have been determined during the slice-by-slice and the GrowCut course of actions, indicating a significantly reduced segmentation time (5.77 ± 0.73 min) of the algorithmic approach.

Conclusion:

In this contribution, we used the GrowCut segmentation algorithm publicly available in three-dimensional Slicer for three-dimensional segmentation of vertebral bodies. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the GrowCut method has been studied for the usage of vertebral body segmentation. In brief, we found that the GrowCut segmentation times were consistently less than the manual segmentation times. Hence, GrowCut provides an alternative to a manual slice-by-slice segmentation process.
Health benefits of Quran memorization for older men
Authors: Saquib Nazmus , Saquib Juliann , Alhadlag Abdulrahman , Albakour Mohamad Anas , Aljumah Bader , Sughayyir Mohammed , Alhomidan Ziad , Alminderej Omar , Aljaser Mohamed , Al-Dhlawiy Ahmed Mohammed , Al-Mazrou Abdulrahman
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To examine the association between Quran memorization and health among older men.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study included older Saudi men (age ≥ 55 years) from Buraidah, Al-Qassim. The neighborhoods were selected randomly (20 out of 96); eligible men from the mosques were recruited. Demographics, lifestyle, and depression were assessed with standardized questionnaires; height, weight, blood pressure, and random blood glucose (glucometer) were measured with standard protocol.

Results:

The mean and standard deviation for age, body mass index, and Quran memorization were 63 years (7.5), 28.9 kg/m2 (4.8), and 4.3 sections (6.9). Prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and depression were 71%, 29%, and 22%, respectively. Those who memorized at least 10 sections of Quran were 64%, 71%, and 81% less likely to have hypertension, diabetes, and depression compared to those who memorized less than 0.5 sections, after controlling for covariates.

Conclusion:

There was a strong linear association between Quran memorization and hypertension, diabetes, and depression indicating that those who had memorized a larger portion of the Quran were less likely to have one of these chronic diseases. Future studies should explore the potential health benefits of Quran memorization and the underlying mechanisms.
Reconstructing atmospheres: Ambient sound in film and media production
Authors: Chattopadhyay Budhaditya
Published: November 2017

In film and media production, ambient sound is a standard term that denotes the site-specific background sound component providing locational atmospheres and spatial information of public places. In this article, the specific role of ambient sound to create the context for the spatial experience in film and media production has been thoroughly examined in the light of Sound Studies. The article investigates the capacity of ambient sounds to sculpt the presence of a site by producing an embodied experience of the site. The article brings in a much-needed focus on the complex relationship between sound and site by examining the spatial environments recorded, mediated, and reconstructed by sound practice. Guided by the production studies of sound, the article draws on the theories of diegesis, mimesis, and presence to reformulate the notion of the soundscape while keeping a conceptual base in phenomenology of sound in analyzing the spatial and atmospheric listening experience. The article cites examples from representative Indian films and few of my own sound artworks as case studies to make critical listening and analysis of the processes through which ambient sound practice enhances the spatial and atmospheric sensations. The article draws insights from prominent sound practitioners in the form of long interviews conducted by me over several years and self-reflective insights on my own work. The practice-led inputs make the empirical basis of the article shedding light on the production processes providing links between certain techniques available to specific phases of sound production and aesthetic principles shaped by the respective phases of practice with ambient sounds. The article locates a distinct shift occurring through these trajectories of sound practice and relates this shift to the recent “spatial turn” in Sound Studies, making valuable contributions to the field interested to inquire about the emerging spatiality and public-ness in sound artworks.
Aspergillus Infection in an Immunocompetent Host With Supravalvular Aortic Stenosis
Authors: Saedi Sedigheh , Khajali Zahra , Alizadehasl Azin
Published: November 2017

Supravalvular aortic stenosis is the rarest form of left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Aspergillus endocarditis is also rare and generally reported in immunocompromised hosts. Here we present a case of an immunocompetent patient with supravalvular aortic stenosis complicated by aortic mycotic pseudoaneurysm due to invasive aspergillosis.
Relationship Between Job Orientation and Performance of Sales People: A Financial Services Industry Perspective
Authors: Varghese Jose , Edward Manoj
Published: November 2017

The modern financial services sector, which is highly competitive and offers mostly homogenous solutions, banks on the salesperson’s ability to develop profitable and long-lasting relationships with their customers. The relationship orientation of salespeople, especially customer orientation, is found to have a significant impact on their ability to achieve this challenge. Studies indicate that many factors associated with the work environment influence sales performance. Customer orientation of the salesperson apparently plays a vital role in this context. Motivation to expend efforts is created through rewards and the salesperson’s evaluation of the job and its outcomes are the key to engage in customer-oriented selling. The present study attempts to develop a model incorporating three critical job-related constructs (experienced meaningfulness, organizational identification, and pay satisfaction) and understand its influence on salespeople’s performance, mapping their customer orientation. The study is carried out among financial services salespeople in India to authenticate the prescribed model. It has to be noted that when an organization acquires the ability to make the job meaningful and motivates its salespeople to identify with the organization by aligning organizational goals with individual goals, it is possible that the employees tend to overlook the influence of monetary rewards.
Inflammatory Breast Cancer and Warm Antibody Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: A Rare Paraneoplastic Syndrome
Authors: Ugoeke Nene , Onweni Chidinma , Treece Jennifer , Pai Vandana , Arikapudi Sowminya , Kulbacki Evan , Bajaj Kailash
Published: November 2017

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a disease process that involves the destruction of red blood cells mediated by the humoral immune system. It can be characterized as a cold agglutinin syndrome, paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria, and warm, mixed type, and drug-induced AIHA. Although a well-established relationship exists between the presence of AIHA and lymphoproliferative malignancy, AIHA rarely presents in association with solid malignancies. An analysis of the limited number of published cases of AIHA in association with solid malignancies performed showed that AIHA may present before the diagnosis of a solid malignancy, concurrently with the presence of a solid malignancy, or even on resolution of a solid malignancy. Few cases of solid cancers associated with AIHA have been reported. AIHA rarely presents as a paraneoplastic syndrome indicating existence of a solid cancer. We report a case of inflammatory breast cancer with AIHA.
Gastric Pouch Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma With a Mixed Adenocarcinoma Component After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass
Authors: Pastorello Ricardo G. , de Macedo Mariana Petaccia , Costa Junior Wilson Luiz da , Begnami Maria Dirlei F. S.
Published: November 2017

The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is one of the most common procedures currently performed for surgical treatment of patients with severe obesity. Gastric cancer after bariatric surgery is not common, with most of them arising in the excluded stomach. Gastric mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas are a rare type of stomach malignancy, composed of both adenocarcinoma and neuroendocrine tumor-cell components, with the latter comprising at least 30% of the whole neoplasm. In this article, we report a unique case of a mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma with a mixed adenocarcinoma (tubular and poorly cohesive) component arising in the gastric pouch of a patient who underwent previous Roux-en-Y gastric bypass for glycemic control. Since stomach cancer is not usual in patients who have formerly undergone bariatric surgery and symptoms tend to be nonspecific, such diagnosis is often rendered at an advanced stage. Full assessment of these patients when presenting such vague symptoms is critical for an early cancer diagnosis.
Use of Phenobarbital in Delirium Tremens
Authors: Fujimoto Jeffrey , Lou Jerry J. , Pessegueiro Antonio M.
Published: November 2017

The standard of care for alcohol withdrawal centers on the use of escalating doses of benzodiazepines until clinical improvement is achieved. However, there is no established standard in the care of patients with severe alcohol withdrawal and delirium tremens that is refractory to benzodiazepine therapy. One potential therapy that is gaining traction is the use of phenobarbital, which may be mechanistically superior to benzodiazepines in treating delirium tremens because of its effects on GABA and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. The dosing of phenobarbital and its subsequent taper, however, is still unclear and the side effect profile is not well characterized. In this case report, we present the case of a 37-year-old Hispanic male who presented with alcohol withdrawal and subsequent delirium tremens who was treated with phenobarbital with positive clinical response and minimal side effects.
Rich Friends, Poor Friends: Inter–Socioeconomic Status Friendships in Secondary School
Authors: Malacarne Timothy
Published: November 2017

The author examines friendships between students from different socioeconomic groups, investigating the factors that make these relationships more likely and comparing these relationships with those between students from different races, which have been studied more extensively. Consistent with previous research, the results reveal that student homogeneity is positively related to social interaction in schools but that these relationships are not always straightforward with regard to socioeconomic status. Students’ experiences in socioeconomically diverse environments depend on their relative positions within the distribution, even when holding the percentage of same–socioeconomic status peers constant. Although few factors are associated with more diverse friendship preferences—save potentially participation in the arts—factors that increase the overall likelihood of friendship tie formation predict higher numbers of intergroup friends. This general friendship promotion can be seen as an important avenue for both improving students’ academic experience and promoting diversity in social interaction.
Patient-Centered Dentinal Hypersensitivity Treatment Outcomes: Results from the National Dental PBRN
Authors: Heft M.W. , Litaker M.S. , Kopycka-Kedzierawski D.T. , Meyerowitz C. , Chonowski S. , Yardic R.L. , Gordan V.V. , Mungia R. , Gilbert G.H. ,   the National Dental PBRN Collaborative Group
Published: November 2017

Dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) can have a significant impact on oral health and functioning, and it is a clinical symptom commonly managed by dentists during routine clinical practice. DH symptoms are typically elicited by otherwise innocuous, nonpainful stimuli applied to exposed dentin (e.g., tactile stimuli, warming or cooling temperatures or air puffs). Treatment approaches have sought to directly target the dentinal pulp tissues or close dentinal tubules via dental office care and treatment services (fluoride varnishes, glutaraldehydes, bonding agents, sealants, oxalates, or lasers) or home care services (toothpastes or dentifrices containing fluoride or potassium nitrate compounds). The purpose of this prospective multicenter cohort study was to assess how community-based dentists from the National Dental Practice-Based Research Network (National Dental PBRN) manage DH and whether the effectiveness of DH treatments can be assessed in those settings. A total of 171 dentists recruited 1862 subjects with DH from their existing patients. Dentists then recommended and provided DH treatment as appropriate. Treatment choice was at the discretion of the dentists. Patients rated their DH pain at baseline and 1, 4, and 8 wk during the course of their treatments. They used pain intensity and unpleasantness visual analog scales and 4 labeled magnitude scales and rated their satisfaction with treatment after 8 wk. Patients were provided reminders postbaseline via email, texting, or voice mail. These patient-centered outcomes served as the principal measures for the assessment of treatment because treatments sought to alleviate DH symptoms. The patients with DH who reported pain reduction from dentist-provided treatments (glutaraldehyde/HEMA [hydroxyethyl methacrylate] compounds, oxalates, and bonding agents), dentists’ advice and counseling regarding oral habits and diet, and patient-applied fluoride toothpaste reported a concomitant positive rating of satisfaction with DH treatments. The results from this study support the feasibility of engaging network practices to assess the effectiveness of clinical DH treatments.

Knowledge Transfer Statement: National Dental PBRN dentists provide a range of procedures to treat dentinal hypersensitivity. In this large nonrandomized study designed to assess clinical care and to capture patient-reported outcomes, about 60% of patients reported improvement in pain. This study demonstrated the feasibility of engaging network dentists and their patients to assess treatment effectiveness. Future studies will explore the feasibility of imposing randomization and measuring patient compliance with treatment in the manner that this treatment is provided.
Intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy stent retrievers and aspiration devices in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke: A systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Flynn Darren , Francis Richard , Halvorsrud Kristoffer , Gonzalo-Almorox Eduardo , Craig Dawn , Robalino Shannon , McMeekin Peter , Cora Adela , Balami Joyce , Ford Gary A , White Phil
Published: November 2017

Purpose

Intra-arterial mechanical thrombectomy combined with appropriate patient selection (image-based selection of acute ischaemic stroke patients with large artery occlusion) yields improved clinical outcomes. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, with trial sequential analysis to understand the benefits, risks and impact of new trials reporting in 2016 on the magnitude/certainty of the estimates for clinical effectiveness and safety of mechanical thrombectomy.

Method

Random effects’ models were conducted of randomised clinical trials comparing mechanical thrombectomy (stent retriever or aspiration devices) with/without adjuvant intravenous thrombolysis with intravenous thrombolysis and other forms of best medical/supportive care in the treatment of acute ischaemic stroke. Study inclusion and risk of bias were assessed independently by two reviewers. Functional independence (modified Rankin Scale 0–2) and mortality at 90 days, including symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage rate were extracted. Trial sequential analysis established the strength of the evidence derived from the meta-analyses.

Findings

Eight trials of mechanical thrombectomy with a total sample size of 1841 (916 patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy and 925 treated without mechanical thrombectomy) fulfilled review inclusion criteria. The three most recent trials more precisely defined the effectiveness of mechanical thrombectomy (modified Rankin Scale 0 to 2; OR = 2.07, 95% CI = 1.70 to 2.51 based on data from eight trials versus OR = 2.39, 95% CI = 1.88 to 3.04 based on data from five trials). Meta-analyses showed no effect on mortality (OR = 0.81, 95% CI = 0.61 to 1.07) or symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage (OR = 1.22, 95% CI = 0.80 to 1.85) as found in analysis of first five trials. Trial sequential analysis indicated that the information size requirement was fulfilled to conclude the evidence for mechanical thrombectomy is robust.

Discussion

The impact of three recent trials on effectiveness and safety of mechanical thrombectomy was a more precise pooled effect size for functional independence. Trial sequential analysis demonstrated sufficient evidence for effectiveness and safety of mechanical thrombectomy.

Conclusion

No further trials of mechanical thrombectomy versus no mechanical thrombectomy are indicated to establish clinical effectiveness. Uncertainty remains as to whether mechanical thrombectomy reduces mortality or increases risk of symptomatic intracranial haemorrhage.
Extracellular histones induce erythrocyte fragility and anemia
Authors: Kordbacheh Farzaneh , O’Meara Connor H. , Coupland Lucy A. , Lelliott Patrick M. , Parish Christopher R.
Published: November 2017

Key Points

Histones promote in vitro erythrocyte aggregation, sedimentation, fragility, and spleen retention in a concentration-dependent manner. Histones induce in vivo anemia, an increase in splenic hemoglobin content, as well as thrombocytopenia and leukopenia within a few minutes.
Pushing the boundaries of laparoscopic myomectomy: a comparative analysis of peri-operative outcomes in 323 women undergoing laparoscopic myomectomy in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Mallick Rebecca , Odejinmi Funlayo
Published: November 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to analyse the demographic data and peri-operative outcomes of women undergoing a laparoscopic myomectomy and assess what factors, if any, precluded using the laparoscopic approach.

Methods

A single surgeon observational study of 323 patients undergoing a laparoscopic myomectomy was undertaken. Data was collected prospectively over a 12-year period and analysed using SPSS. Surgical outcomes included operating time, estimated blood loss, conversion to laparotomy, intraoperative and postoperative complications and duration of inpatient stay.

Results

A total of 323 patients underwent a laparoscopic myomectomy over the 12-year period. The majority of fibroids removed were intramural (49%) and subserosal (33%). The mean size of fibroids removed was 7.66 ± 2.83 (7.34–7.99) cm, and the mean number was 4 ± 3.62 (3.6–4.39), with the greatest being 22 removed from a single patient. Average blood loss was 279.14 ± 221.10 (254.59–303.69) ml with mean duration of surgery and inpatient stay recorded as 112.92 ± 43.21 (107.94–117.91) min and 1.88 ± 0.95 (1.77–1.99) days, respectively. No major intraoperative complications were noted, and the conversion to laparotomy rate was 0.62%. All histology following morcellation was benign. Over the 12-year period despite increasingly large and more numerous fibroids being tackled, increasing experience resulted in a simultaneous reduction in overall blood loss, operating time and duration of inpatient stay.

Conclusions

Laparoscopic myomectomy is a safe and efficacious procedure that should be considered the gold standard surgical treatment option for fibroids. With experience, the procedure can be undertaken with minimal complications, a low risk of conversion to laparotomy and early discharge from hospital, even in cases of large and multiple fibroids that historically would have required the open approach. This allows even the most complex of cases to now benefit for the advantages of the minimal access approach.
Analyzing DECREASE trials to estimate evidence of data manipulation
Authors: Hartgerink Chris H.J. , Kemper E.M. , Hollmann Markus W. , ter Riet Gerben
Published: November 2017

Background: The effect of beta-blockers on perioperative mortality in non-cardiac surgery has been controversial due to concerns regarding the scientific integrity of the DECREASE-I and DECREASE-IV trials. Previous meta-analyses indicated beta-blockade might increase mortality after removing the DECREASE trials from the evidence base.

Methods: In this report, we statistically investigate the DECREASE trials and model their veracity (i.e., the probability that these effects or more extreme occurred naturally) and estimate how many data points might have been manipulated in the DECREASE trials using the inversion method.

Results: Our research indicates that the DECREASE trials are nearly impossible if we assume they investigate the same effect as the non-DECREASE trials and under that assumption. Our results also provide evidence that at least some data points were manipulated.

Conclusions: The DECREASE trials are likely to be manipulated under the assumption that they investigate the same effect as the non-DECREASE trials on beta-blockade. However, these differences might also be due to different conceptual approaches as to how beta-blockade might prevent mortality in non-cardiac surgery. Considering this, we recommend new and more extensively controlled, confirmatory trials to determine whether there is any use in administering beta-blockers in order to decrease perioperative mortality.
Fractures of the radius and ulna
Authors: Woods Samantha , Perry Karen L
Published: November 2017

Fractures of the radius and ulna are commonly encountered in dogs and cats and they are often stated to be simple to repair. While the surgical approaches to both the radius and ulna are certainly easier than to the proximal limb, the paired bone system predisposes individuals with these injuries to a unique set of complications. Skeletally immature animals are at risk for development of angular limb deformity following these injuries and frequent monitoring with early investigation and intervention where necessary is advised. In any dog, and particularly cats, with antebrachial fractures, every effort must be made to maintain the natural motion that occurs between the radius and ulna; failure to do so may precipitate implant failure and/or lead to impaired quality of life. Toy-breed dogs suffer fractures of the radius and ulna frequently and pose a unique challenge for management, with high complication rates associated with inappropriate methods of stabilisation such as external coaptation. This article details the types of antebrachial fracture that are commonly encountered and provides guidance on how to choose between the various types of stabilisation available, with the aim being to minimise complications and improve prognoses for these patients.
A multicentre, clinical evaluation of a hydro-responsive wound dressing: the Glasgow experience
Authors: Hodgson H. , Davidson D. , Duncan A. , Guthrie J. , Henderson E. , MacDiarmid M. , McGown K. , Pollard V. , Potter R. , Rodgers A. , Wilson A. , Horner J. , Doran M. , Simm S. , Taylor R. , Rogers A. , Rippon M.G , Colgrave M.
Published: November 2017

Objective:

Our aim was to assess the effectiveness of hydro-responsive wound dressing (HRWD) in debridement and wound bed preparation of a variety of acute and chronic wounds that presented with devitalised tissue needing removal so that healing may proceed.

Method:

This was a non-comparative evaluation of acute and chronic wounds that required debridement as part of their normal treatment regimen. Clinicians recorded wound changes including a subjective assessment level of devitalised tissue and wound bed preparation, presence of pain, wound status (e.g., wound size) and periwound skin condition. Data was also collected from clinicians and patients to provide information on clinical performance of the dressing.

Results:

We recruited 100 patients with a variety of wound types into the study. Over 90% of the clinicians reported removal of devitalised tissue to enable a healing response in both chronic and acute wounds. Specifically, over the course of the evaluation period, levels of devitalised tissue (necrosis and slough) reduced from 85.5% to 26.3%, and this was accompanied by an increase in wound bed granulation from 12.0% to 33.7%. Correspondingly, there was a 40% reduction in wound area, hence a clinically relevant healing response was seen upon treatment with HRWD. It is also noteworthy that this patient population included a significant proportion of chronic wounds (51.4%) that showed no signs of wound progression within <4 weeks before study inclusion. Of these chronic wounds, 93% demonstrated wound progression upon treatment with HRWD. Despite reported pain levels being low pre- and post-dressing change, overall wound pain improved (reduced) in 48% of patients. Periwound skin condition showed a tendency towards improvement, and the fluid management capabilities of the HRWD was reported as good to excellent in the majority of cases. Wound infections were reduced by at least 60% over the evaluation period. A simple cost-effective analysis demonstrated significant savings using HRWD (£6.33) over current standard practice regimens of a four-step debridement process (£8.05), larval therapy (£306.39) and mechanical pad debridement (£11.46).

Conclusion:

HRWD was well tolerated and was demonstrated to be an efficient debridement tool providing rapid, effective and pain free debridement in a variety of wound types.
Topical oxygen therapy promotes the healing of chronic diabetic foot ulcers: a pilot study
Authors: Hayes P.D. , Alzuhir N. , Curran G. , Loftus I.M.
Published: November 2017

Objective:

Interventions that can heal or reduce diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) size may reduce the incidence of infection and amputation, and reduce associated social and economic costs. Many chronic wounds exhibit a degree of hypoxia and this leads to a reduction in healing processes including cell division and differentiation, angiogenesis, infection prevention, and collagen production. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the effects of a device supplying continuous oxygen ambulatory therapy on healing in chronic DFUs.

Method:

Patients with chronic DFUs from two tertiary referral hospitals in the UK received treatment with the device. Data were prospectively obtained on wound size using standardised digital images measured by a clinician blinded to the study. Data on device satisfaction and pain were also obtained.

Results:

We recruited 10 patients, with a mean ulcer duration of 43 weeks (median: 43 weeks) before treatment. By week eight, mean ulcer size had decreased by 51% (median: 53%). Seven of the 10 ulcers were in a healing trajectory, one ulcer present for 56 weeks healed completely, a two-year old ulcer was reduced by more than 50%, and a third, present for 88 weeks, was down to 10% of its original size by the end of the eight-week study. There was also a non-significant trend towards reduction in pain and the device was extremely well tolerated.

Conclusion:

The ambulatory topical oxygen delivery device showed a significant beneficial effect on wound size. This poses practical advantages over currently existing oxygen-based wound therapies such as hyperbaric oxygen therapy due to its continuous oxygen delivery, ease of use, safety and lower cost. The results of this study warrant further review of the device in comparison to standard wound therapies.
La educación en las agendas municipales del estado de Tlaxcala, México
Authors: Carro Olvera Adriana
Published: November 2017

En México, las políticas educativas responden a un modelo descentralizado, pero se diseñan en el orden federal y se instrumentan en coordinación con los gobiernos de las entidades federativas; sin embargo, los municipios solo son incorporados en actividades complementarias o tangenciales. Por esta razón, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar el tema de la educación pública en la agenda de los gobiernos locales en los municipios del estado de Tlaxcala a partir de las responsabilidades derivadas del proceso de descentralización nacional. El estudio se realizó a través de un análisis documental de los Planes Municipales de Desarrollo para sustentar que en los municipios existen diversas formas de incorporar el tema educativo en sus agendas de trabajo. Los resultados obtenidos identificaron objetivos, estrategias y acciones de los ayuntamientos poco precisas y con limitada relación a lo establecido en la normatividad estatal y municipal.
REVITALISASI PRINSIP-PRINSIP GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM RANGKA PENYELENGGARAAN PEMERINTAHAN YANG BAIK, BERSIH, DAN BEBAS KORUPSI, KOLUSI, SERTA NEPOTISME
Authors: Wibisono Arief Gunawan
Published: November 2017

Penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang baik adalah landasan bagipenyusunan dan penerapan kebijakan negara yang demokratis. Prinsip-prinsipgood governance merupakan unsur yang fundamental dalam rangkapenyelenggaraan pemerintah yang baik bersih korupsi, kolusi serta nepotisme.Pelaksanaan prinsip-prinsip good governance tidak selalu berjalanmulus, terdapat kendala-kendala yang harus ditatanggulangi bersama olehpemerintah dan masyarakat, serta peningkatan upaya-upaya yang perlu dilakukanguna semakin meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian inimenggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan prosedural.Hasil daripenelitian ini adalah pelaksanaan prinsip good governance di Indonesia masihmemerlukan banyak perbaikan dan peningkatan kedepan.Kata Kunci: Revitalisasi, Asas-asas, Pemerintahan yang baik
ANALISIS YURIDIS AKIBAT PERUBAHAN PAJAK BUMI DAN BANGUNAN (PBB) DARI PAJAK PUSAT MENJADI PAJAK DAERAH TERHADAP DAERAH TERTINGGAL (STUDI DI KABUPATEN SITUBONDO PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR)
Authors: A’in Aprilianita Khusnul , Ispriyarso Budi
Published: November 2017

PBB merupakan pajak pusat yang hasil penerimaannya 90% untuk daerah, 10% untuk pusat kemudian dibagi ke daerah secara merata. Berlakunya UU Nomor 28 Tahun 2009 tentang PDRD, maka PBB P2 menjadi pajak daerah dengan hasil penerimaan PBB P2 100% sebagai penerimaan daerah, dimana semua daerah diharuskan mandiri. Perubahan PBB P2 memudarkan semangat gotong-royong sebagai falsafah negara Indonesia sehingga terjadi kesenjangan antar daerah.Kemudian, perubahan PBB P2 pada Kabupaten Situbondo sebagai daerah tertinggal mengakibatkan meningkatnya penerimaan PBB P2, namun pemerintah Kabupaten Situbondo perlu merevisi Perda Nomor 4 Tahun 2011 tentang Pajak Daerah agar klausul PBB P2 dimasukan dalam jenis pajak daerah.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM YANG ADIL ATAS HILANGNYA BAGASI PENUMPANG DALAM PENGANGKUTAN UDARA
Authors: Putri Rosalita Ardiani , Turisno Bambang Eko
Published: November 2017

Keselamatan pada kegiatan pengangkutan udara menyangkut jiwa seorangpenumpang dan terhadap bagasi atau barang yang mereka bawa.Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam tesis ini adalah bagaimana perlindungan hukum yang adil atas hilangnya bagasi penumpang dalam pengangkutan udara dan bagaimanakah putusan pengadilan tentang sengketa hilangnya bagasi penumpang menurut teori keadilan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam tesis ini adalah penelitian yuridis empiris. Spesifikasi penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptis analitis. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan data primer melalui wawancara dan data sekunder melalui studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa perlindungan hukum atas hilangnya bagasi pada pengangkutan udara dirasa belum cukup adil bagi para penumpang, terutama terlihat pada isi perjanjian pengangkutan dan besar ganti kerugian. Putusan hakim pengadilan mengenai tanggung jawab pengangkut udara yang dibahas dalam tesis ini telah sesuai dengan teori keadilan milik John Rawls “Justice as Fairness”, yaitu keadilan yang paling fair atau yang paling jujur yang harus dijadikan sebagai pedoman.
ASPEK HUKUM PENANAMAN MODAL PERIKANAN TANGKAP TERPADU ZONA EKONOMI EKSKLUSIF INDONESIA (ZEEI) BERDASARKAN PERMEN KP NO. 30 TAHUN 2012
Authors: Hardianto Danang , Prananingtyas Paramita
Published: November 2017

ZEEI ialah wilayah dengan batas terluar 200 (dua ratus) mil laut yang memiliki potensi sumber daya ikan untuk dikelola dalam sistem bisnis perikanan yaitu menekankan penangkapan, pengolahan, produksi dan pemasaran. Pengaturan usaha perikanan tangkap terpadu ZEEI dalam sistem bisnis perikanan dapat dipadukan dengan kawasan berikat dan minapolitan Pola hukum investasi industri ini ialah pola-kerjasama, pola sewa beli dan pola lisensi. Industri ini dapat merangsang investor asing dan nasional serta memperdayakan masyarakat. Industri dapat menjadi industri pionir tertutama ditujukan kawasan pesisir di Wilayah Indonesia Timur sehingga terwujudkan kesejahteraan masyarakat dan industri perikanan yang berbasis kedaulatan (sovereignty), keberlanjutan (sustainability) dan kemakmuran (prosperity).
KEBIJAKAN FORMULASI HUKUM PIDANA DALAM RANGKA PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA PENCABULAN DENGAN PELAKU ANAK
Authors: Wibowo Heru Eko , Rochaeti Nur
Published: November 2017

Penelitian ini termotivasi dari tingginya jumlah anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum, sehingga perlu upaya untuk melindungi anak-anak yang berkonflik dengan hukum (ABH). Pemerintah Indonesia telah mengeluarkan UU No.11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Namun dalam UU ini, perlindungan tersebut hanya terbatas pada anak-anak bermasalah dengan hukum (ABH), yang memiliki ancaman hukuman pidana dalam kurun waktu 7 (tujuh) tahun. Ini berarti tindak pidana pelecehan seksual yang dilakukan oleh anak-anak, yang mendapat hukuman tujuh (tujuh) tahun tidak mendapat perlindungan hukum. Tidak adanya perlindungan hukum bagi pelaku kejahatan kejahatan anak, maka patut dipertanyakan bagaimana hak anak dan perlindungan anak dalam kasus pidana.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa perumusan kebijakan, perumusan perumusan kebijakan perumusan undang-undang hari ini dan mencari tahu dan menganalisa perumusan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka pencegahan tindak kejahatan keji dengan pelaku anak di masa depan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi pengumpulan data normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perumusan kebijakan perampokan kejahatan terhadap pelaku kejahatan anak saat ini telah menerapkan UU No. 11 Tahun 2012 tentang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Perumusan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam konteks pencegahan kecerobohan kejahatan dengan pelaku anak di Indonesia telah dilakukan jauh lebih baik, namun masih terlihat melanggar UU No. 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak di Indonesia. Pasal 64, yaitu dalam persidangan dan publikasi hasil persidangan dengan jelas menyebutkan nama anak di depan umum, sehingga hal itu mungkin melanggar hukum berdasarkan Pasal 64 huruf i. Perumusan kebijakan hukum pidana dalam rangka menanggulangi kejahatan pelecehan seksual oleh pelaku anak di masa depan, baik dengan menerapkan perlindungan anak dan menerapkan sistem peradilan anak, uji coba dilakukan setelah anak usia dewasa, serta eksekusi pidana. Hukuman dilakukan setelah anak berusia 18 tahun
UPAYA MENGURANGI KEPADATAN NARAPIDANA DALAM LEMBAGA PEMASYARAKATAN DI INDONESIA
Authors: Mulyono Galih Puji , Arief Barda Nawawi
Published: November 2017

Pemasyarakatan merupakan lembaga pelaksana pidana penjara di Indonesia dilaksanakan menggunakan sistem pembinaan narapidana dalam Lembaga Pemasyarakatan. Kondisi lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia saat ini mengalami kepadatan narapidana. Kondisi kelebihan penghuni di dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan, berakibat pada keterbatasan atau bahkan kekurangan berbagai fasilitas umum maupun fasilitas khusus yang disediakan dan diperuntukkan narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan, keadaan tersebut dapat memicu terjadinya berbagai permasalahan dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu upaya mengurangi kepadatan narapidana dalam lembaga pemasyarakatan di Indonesia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah jenis penelitian normatif (doctrinal). Strategi pembinaan dalam upaya mengurangi kepadatan narapidana di lembaga pemasyarakatan saat ini masih belum maksimal. Kajian komparasi terhadap upaya mengurangi kepadatan narapidana dengan model Good Time Allowance di negara asing antara lain dalam undang-undang negara Wyoming (AS), Republik Filipina, Montana (AS). Model Good Time Allowance adalah pengurangan masa menjalani pidana dengan melakukan suatu pekerjaan baik, dapat memberikan motivasi kepada narapidana dengan melakukan suatu pekerjaan baik untuk berkomitmen menjadi baik dengan penghargaan pengurangan masa menjalani pidana.
KEBIJAKAN PENENGGELAMAN KAPAL ASING PELAKU ILLEGAL FISHING OLEH PEMERINTAH INDONESIA DALAM PERSFEKTIF HUKUM PIDANA INTERNASIONAL
Authors: . Haryanto , Setiyono Joko
Published: November 2017

Penelitian bertujuan Mengkaji dan menganalisis dasar yang melatarbelakangi Pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing pelaku tindak pidana illegal fishing dan Mengkaji dan menganalisis kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing pelaku illegal fishing, dalam presfektif hukum pidana internasional. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris, yang bersifat deskriptif-analitik, dengan metode analisis kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan kebijakan, pada dasarnya dimaksudkan agar kapal-kapal eks-asing tidak kembali dipergunakan untuk melakukan illegal fishing, memutus mata rantai pemanfaatan kembali kapal-kapal illegal di Indonesia, serta mengefektif dan mengefisienkan prosedur penanganan dan pemeliharaan barang bukti berupa kapal ikan asing yang digunakan untuk melakukan illegal fishing. Selain alasan-alasan teknis, penerapan kebijakan didasarkan pada alasan: pelaksanaan pilar keempat mewujudkan visi Indonesia Sebagai Poros Maritim Dunia; upaya untuk menimbulkan shock therapy; pelaksanaan kebijakan kriminal berupa kebijakan pencegahan dan penanggulangan kejahatan; penegasan dan pelaksanaan yurisdiksi dan kedaulatan; upaya pemberantasan illegal fishing sebagai kejahatan utama di laut. Sedangkan dalam presfektif hukum pidana internasional, kebijakan penenggelaman kapal asing pelaku illegal fishing, merupakan : pelaksanaan teori kedaulatan negara; penerapan teori yurisdiksi kriminal; dan pelaksanaan teori penegakan hukum pidana internasional.
PEMILIHAN KEPALA DESA SERENTAK DALAM PERSPEKTIF OTONOMI DESA (Studi Kasus Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Kepala Desa Serentak Tahun 2016 di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau)
Authors: . Rudiadi , Herawati Ratna
Published: November 2017

Era reformasi yang terjadi pada tahun 1998 menandai berakhirnya Pemerintahan Orde Baru, hal inilah yang melatar belakangi lahirnya otonomi daerah dan UU No.22 Tahun 1999 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Perjalanan sistem otonomi daerah terus mengalami perubahan, hal itu ditandai dengan lahirnya UU No.32 Tahun 2004 dan UU No.23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Lahirnya UU No.23 tahun 2014 ini menjadi dasar lahirnya UU No.6 Tahun 2014 Tentang Desa, hal itu semakin memperkuat status desa sebagai pemerintahan yang memiliki hak otonomi yang asli dan demokratis. Lahirnya UU Desa ini menjadi dasar hukum mengenai pemilihan Kepala Desa (Pilkades) serentak di Indonesia, seperti yang disebutkan dalam Pasal 31 ayat (1). Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode pendekatan Yuridis Empiris, spesifikasi penelitian adalah Deskriptif Analitis dan data yang digunakan data pri,er dan sekunder. Hasil analisa penelitian menyimpulkan: peraturan tentang Pilkades pasca Era reformasi diatur dalam UU No.22 tahun 1999 dan UU No.32 tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. Namun setelah lahirnya UU No.6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa, pelaksanaan Pilkades dilaksanakan secara serentak diseluruh wilayah di Indonesia, seperti yang disebutkan dalam Pasal 31 ayat (1). Selain itu, pelaksanaan Pilkades serentak di Kabupaten Rokan Hilir, Provinsi Riau, tahun 2016 terdapat beberapa permasalahan: adanya aturan persyaratan pencalonan yang dikhususkan untuk Calon Kepala Desa yang beragama Islam, yaitu “dapat membaca al-quran”, sedangkan bagi Calon Non-muslim tidak diatur persyaratan tersebut. Hal itu mengindikasikan adanya diskriminatif dalam agama, serta  dapat merusak proses demokrasi di desa. Permasalahan lain yang terjadi adalah, adanya campur tangan Panitia Kabupaten secara langsung dalam proses seleksi bakal Calon Kepala Desa. Selain itu, pelaksanaan Pilkades serentak dilihat dalam perspektif otonomi desa, idealnya semua tahapan dalam pemilihan dan juga tahapan penyeleksian Bakal Calon diserahkan kepada Panitia Pemilihan di desa.
KEPEMILIKAN HAK ATAS TANAH BAGI ORANG ASING DI INDONESIA
Authors: Ardani Mira Novana
Published: November 2017

Orang asing yang berkedudukan di Indonesia memerlukan tanah yang akan dijadikan tempat tinggal mereka selama berada di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis empiris/sosiologis. Pengaturan kepemilikan hak atas tanah bagi orang asing di Indonesia, mulai dari mendapat izin tinggal berada di Indonesia sampai dengan memperoleh hak atas tanah untuk tempat tinggalnya perlu mendapat perhatian. Pelaksanaan dari aturan yang telah ada harus dilaksanakan secara konsisten.