bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Physico-chemical properties of borehole water and heavy metal contamination in soil near an open dumpsite in Giwo District, Bauchi, Nigeria.
Authors: Arhyel Mbursa , Mshelia Yusuf Madu
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the physico-chemical properties of borehole water and heavy metal contamination in soil near an open dumpsite in Giwo District, Bauchi. Environmental pollution from industrialization, urbanization, and inadequate waste management has contaminated soil and water with organic and inorganic matter, posing significant health risks. Water samples were analyzed using standardized APHA methods, including pH, temperature, colour, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Most parameters met World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) standards. However, BOD levels exceeded the WHO guideline of 5 mg/l, ranging from 12.20 ± 0.004 mg/l to 13.56 ± 0.005 mg/l, and COD levels surpassed the recommended limit of 200 mg/l, ranging from 251.60 ± 0.030 mg/l to 298.20 ± 0.003 mg/l, indicating significant organic pollution near the dumpsite. Soil samples were analyzed for eight heavy metals—Zinc (Zn), Iron (Fe), Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Lead (Pb), Arsenic (As), and Manganese (Mn)—using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The results showed low concentrations of heavy metals, with Index of Geo-accumulation (Igeo) values ranging from -1.6 to -17.0 and Contamination Factor (CF) values from 0.00 to 0.01, indicating minimal contamination. The Pollution Load Index (PLI) values were 0.0028, 0.0031, 0.0026, and 0.0025 for Giwo 01, Giwo 02, Giwo 03, and Giwo 04, respectively. These findings highlight the need for improved waste management practices to prevent further water contamination and elevated heavy metal levels in the Giwo District.
Dosimetric response evaluation and structural characterization of (SnO)x(TiO2)1-x thin film for gamma radiation detection and measurement
Authors: Christopher Akoso C. , Ibrahim Umaru , Dauda Yusuf S. , Mustapha Idris M. , Mundi Abubakar A.
Published: November 2024

Dosimetric response evaluation as well as structural Characterization of (SnO)x(TiO2)1-x was successfully carried out using the aerosol-assisted chemical vapor deposition method. This research aimed to ascertain how X-ray radiation affected the (SnO2)x(TiO2)1-x thin film's I-V characteristics induced current for the range (for x = 0.0, 0.3, and 0.5) in a voltage range of 0 to 8 V. The method used for developing the manufactured (SnO2)x(TiO2)1-x thin films was aerosol assisted chemical vapour deposition. To evaluate the dosimetric response, three thin film samples with a homogeneous distribution were developed, evaluated, and analyzed. The XRD result revealed peaks that corresponded to SnO2 and TiO2, as well as the films' amorphous nature. With an increase in SnO2 concentration, FESEM pictures show a reduction in crystalline size and film roughness. The thin film samples' cross-sectional FESEM image shows that the film thicknesses for TiO2, (SnO2)0.3(TiO2)0.7, (SnO2)0.5(TiO2)0.5, and thin film are 2.33 μm, 2.73 μm, and 10.84 μm, respectively. The results of the I-V characteristics showed that electrical conductivity increased between 0 and 8 V. During irradiation with X-ray dosage (dose rate) ranging from 100 cGy (250 cGy/min) to 200 cGy (350 cGy/min) and a voltage range of 1.0 V to 8.0 V, the I-V characteristic measurements were obtained for all the thin film sensors. The current increases linearly with X-ray doses and dose rate for all thin-film sensors that are prepared for all the applied voltage. The thin films exhibit values of sensitivity (minimum detectable dose) between 7.12 x 10-2 and 2.74 x 10-3 mA.cm-2.Gy-1 (1.41 x 102 - 3.65 x 105 mGy). The thin film material is an essential dosimetric material because this work demonstrated that X-ray radiation could lead to changes in microstructures.
Assessment of radioactivity concentration levels in soil samples around some quarry sites in Akamkpa, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Effiong U. E. , Umaru I. , Mundi A. A. , Kaika K. , Sidi M. A.
Published: November 2024

The presence of natural radionuclides in soil from quarry sites may present health risk potentials to the quarry workers and occupants of the quarry areas. This study is aimed to determine the activity concentration levels in soil around some quarry sites in Akamkpa, Cross River State, Nigeria. The study covers only Akamkpa, Cross River State and three quarry sites were selected at different locations. An estimation of radioactivity concentration levels in soil samples collected from the study area were carried out using Sodium Iodide (NaI) detector system at the National Institute of Radiation Protection and research, Ibadan, Nigeria thereby estimating the Absorbed Dose, Annual Effective Dose Rate, Gonadal Dose Equivalent, and Excessive Life Cancer Risk. The radioactivity concentration of 40K, 232Th, and 238U at Fuaha Nigeria Limited (QMS –A) ranged from 480.00 ± 23.88 Bq/kg to 1575.09 ± 77.21 Bq/kgwith mean value of 1167.115 Bq/kg, 8.81 ± 1.10 Bq/kg to 47.83 ± 4.79 Bq/kg with mean value of 30.642 Bq/kg, and 3.96 ± 0.23 Bq/kg to 19.84 ± 1.14 Bq/kg with mean value of 12.237 Bq/kg respectively. At Xin-Xin Quarry Company (QMS-B) activity concentration ranged from 180.08 ± 9.05 Bq/kg to 1977.39 ± 96.40 Bq/kgwith mean value of 1194.113 Bq/kg, 20.36 ± 2.43 Bq/kg (B6) to 93.46 ± 8.50 Bq/kg with mean value of 49.475 Bq/kg, and 4.03 ± 0.23 Bq/kg to 17.95 ± 1.04 Bq/kg with mean value of 11.707 Bq/kg respectively. The radioactivity concentration in soil samples from the study area of Wings of Heaven Quarry Ltd. (QMS-C) were 492.29 ± 23.68 Bq/kg to 1632.49 ± 79.83 Bq/kg with mean value of 912.402 Bq/kg, 16.12 ± 1.93 Bq/kg to 48.23 ± 3.60Bq/kg with mean value of 35.965 Bq/kg, and 6.56 ± 0.37 Bq/kg to 22.32 ± 1.28 Bq/kg with mean value of 13.688 Bq/kg respectively. The absorbed doses for QMS –A, QMS-B and QMS-C were 72.830, 85.086 and 66.094nGy/hr which are respectively higher than the world average value of 50nGy/hr. The evaluated annual effective dose equivalents were 0.081mSv/y to 0.104mSv/y with a mean value of 0.091mSv/y and gonadal dose equivalents ranged from 479.125 μSv/y to 617.931 μSv/y, with a mean value of 543.141 μSv/y were found to be lower than the permissible level of 1 mSv/yr for public and 20 mSv/yr for radiation workers respectively. The estimated Excess Life Cancer Risk ranged from 0.284 x 10-3to 0.365 x 10-3with a mean value of 0.321x 10-3. Residents and workers in and around Fuaha Nigeria Limited and Xin-Xin Quarry Company have higher chances of contracting cancer due to long term exposure to background radiation than those in Wings of Heaven Quarry Ltd.
Analysis of integration in the wholesale maize and rice markets in Northeast, Nigeria
Authors: Zalkuwi J. W. , Joshua T.
Published: November 2024

The study investigated the analysis of integration in the wholesale maize and rice markets in Northeast, Nigeria. Secondary data on monthly basis for wholesale maize and rice price per kilogram obtained from National Bureau of Statistics website for period of 7 years (2017 – 2023) were used for the study. Purposive sampling techniques was used. Inferential statistics were used to analyze the data of the study. The study revealed that at first difference all the price series were stationary. The markets' cointegration test findings demonstrated that, despite their physical separation, they were linked in terms of price transmission over the long and short terms; nonetheless, the degree of integration is low. The results of the study indicate that one pair showed bi-directional causation, 6 and 5 links showed uni-directional in rice and maize markets respectively, also thirteen (13) and fourteen (14) pairs of rice and maize market price respectively, showed no causal relationship between them. The study showed that prices in GOMR, ADM, and YOM States adjusted to equilibrium more quickly over time than the prices in the other states. It’s also suggested that a percentage increase in ADR, BORR, TAR, BORM and YOM price would lead to increase of 38.9% 23.6%, 27.1%, 30.4% and 38.2% in TAR, GORR YOR, ADM and GOMM respectively. This shows that there is short run relationship between the states in the study area. Therefore, it is recommended that, to facilitate integration, market players should invest in technology (electronic trading platforms) and standardize trading and settlement procedures. This would help to minimize operational inefficiencies across various markets.
Impact of administering leaf and bark extracts of some botanicals on body weight, PVC and RBC in Oryclagus cuniculus
Authors: Olakunle T. P , Lawal R. T. , Ishola A. D. , Olokede O. O.
Published: November 2024

Humanity faces with many infections, including viral, bacterial, and fungal. Medical experts propose that individuals with strong immunity are more likely to survive infections compared to those with weaker immunity. Therefore, people should enhance their immunity through increased intake of fruits and vegetable sorme dictations with immune boosting properties to better withstand unforeseen infections. Cocktail of some herbal extracts which contained leaves of Sorghum biclor, Persea americana, Treculia africana and barks of Deteruim microcarpum were examined for boosting of pack cell volume (PCV) and red blood cell (RBC) of laboratory animals. It was done by feeding the cold extracts of the cocktail to groups of rabbits for 28 days (4weeks) at varied doses. PCV and RBC tests were subsequently carried out on the rabbits to determine the effects of the cocktail on the blood of the rabbits as well as body weights. The results revealed a steady increase in weights for the control rabbits which ranged between 23.69± 2.97 to 26.91± 4.32, PCV ranged between 32.7 to 36.9 and RBC ranged between 4.4x106 to 5.4 x106 while the treated rabbits experienced slight decreases in their body weights towards the end of the experiment, groups 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 21.73 ± 0.83 to 25.97 ± 3.73, 19.50 ± 1.05 to 24.69 ± 4.82 and 22.70 ± 3.87 to 26.91 ± 4.85 respectively. In addition, the mean PCV of the groups 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 29.7 to 39.1, 34.0 to 36.1 and 30.0 to 36.4 respectively. RBC count recorded for the treated groups, 1, 2 and 3 ranged between 29.7x106/mm3 to 39.1 x106 /mm3 4.4 x106/mm3 to 4.5 x106/mm3 and 4.2 x106 /mm3 to 4.1x106/mm3 respectively. The results indicated that the cocktail has the capacity to boost the PCV and RBC but should not be used for so long.
Effects of cigarette smoke inhalation on spatial memory in mice: the interplay between carbon monoxide and nicotine
Authors: Kurawa M.I
Published: November 2024

Cigarette smoking is a prevalent recreational activity worldwide, spanning all age groups. While the carcinogenic and addictive aspects of smoking are well-recognized, the neurotoxic effects of other toxins like carbon monoxide (CO) in cigarette smoke are often neglected. CO is a known neurotoxin and is produced in significant quantities during smoking. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CO gas from cigarette smoke on spatial memory in mice. Sixteen adult male mice were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group exposed to cigarette smoke (Aspen brand) in a gas chamber (75x50x50 cm) for 15 minutes daily over 14 days. Each group consisted of 8 mice. CO levels were measured using a digital CO meter (PCMM05 Pyle), and spatial memory was assessed using the Barnes maze protocol. Exposure to cigarette smoke resulted in CO levels of up to 347 ppm and an increase in COHb by 16%, exceeding the WHO’s recommended exposure limit of <100 mg/m³ or 87 ppm for 15 minutes and a COHb level of <2%. While spatial memory impairment was observed, the increase in activity likely due to nicotine, a known CNS stimulant, might have mitigated the impact of CO on spatial memory. The memory impairment due to CO exposure might be counteracted by the stimulatory effects of nicotine found in cigarettes.
The future of orthopaedic training in Kenya
Authors: Oroko P.K.
Published: November 2024

No Abstract
Orthopaedic surgical treatment waiting time for acute musculoskeletal trauma patients attended at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Dar-Es-Salaam
Authors: Godfrey E. , Haonga B.T. , Mhina R. , Muhamedhussein M. , Mwanga J. , Olomi J.
Published: November 2024

Background: Waiting time for acute musculoskeletal trauma surgery has been used as a measure of institutional efficiency. Delay in  operating on trauma patients leads to increased morbidity, mortality and reports have shown negative impacts and additional costs for  the hospitals besides inconvenience to patients and their families.
Objectives: To determine the extent and causes of delay of  orthopaedic surgical treatment among acute musculoskeletal trauma patients at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute.
Methods: A cross- sectional study on two hundred and eighty patients who met the inclusion criteria. Modified Lankester tool was used to assess the  patients from the emergency department and classified into A or B according to the urgency of their surgery. Data was analysed using  predictors of surgical delay beyond 24 hours were identified by logistic regression analysis.
Results: The mean age of these trauma  patients was 28±15 years of whom a large proportion (79.6%) were male. Lankester group A accounted for 77.5% of the patients  recruited. The mean waiting time for orthopaedic surgery for Lankester A and B respectively was 9±5 and 12±6 hours whereby 65.4% of Lankester group A and 9.5% of Lankester B had missed their optimal target time.
Conclusion: Only about a third (34.6%) of emergency  patients were operated in less than 6 hours after admission. The most common cause of this delay was lack of theatre slots while the  presence of comorbidities predicted delay of more than 24 hours.
Recommendations: There should be more theatres allocated for  emergency surgeries and there should be a physician present in the emergency on-call team to manage the co-morbid conditions to   reduce their waiting time.
Indications and early outcome of total hip arthroplasty in young adults at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute, Tanzania
Authors: Ngunyale D.P. , Haonga B.T. , Muhamedhussein M.S. , Lupondo V.N. , Mcharo C.N. , Nungu K.S. , Ndeserua R.
Published: November 2024

Background: Total hip arthroplasty is an effective surgical procedure in patients with advanced hip pathologies. The newer techniques,  implants and improved functional outcomes have increased demand for the procedure in young adults. The indications for primary and  revision total hip arthroplasty, early outcome and its associated risk factors in young adults are not well known at Muhimbili Orthopaedic institute.
Objectives: To determine the indications, early outcome and associated risk factors for total hip arthroplasty among young adults  operated at Muhimbili Orthopaedic Institute.
Methods: A descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study, involving 341 patients who  underwent total hip arthroplasty. Data was retrieved from total joint registry, verified from patient’s files and hospital management  information system and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.
Results: A total of 341 patients were enrolled in  the study, with a mean age of 40 ± 12 years with a slight male predominance of 54.4%. The leading indication for primary total hip  arthroplasty was osteoarthritis (48.2%). Other indications included avascular necrosis (27.2%), femoral neck fracture (14.4%), neglected  dislocation (4.9%), acetabular fracture (3.3%) and developmental dysplasia of the hip (1%). In majority (85.6%) of patients the implant of  choice was uncemented, whilst the hybrid was used in 9.2% and cemented implants in 4.3% of the patients. Thirty six patients (10.6%) had  early complications including hip dislocation (5.3%), aseptic loosening (2.1%), peri-prosthetic fracture (1.2%), implant malposition  (1.2%) and surgical site infection (0.9%). The reoperation rate within one year was 6.2%.
Conclusion: Total hip arthroplasty is becoming  increasingly common among young adults. Osteoarthritis is the leading indication for primary total hip replacement. Early complications  within one year included hip dislocation, aseptic loosening, periprosthetic fracture, implant malposition and surgical site infection. The  risk factors for reoperations within one year were associated with advanced age and male gender.
External fixation followed by cast immobilization in the management of gustilo-anderson iiia and iiib open tibial fractures
Authors: Nze I.N. , Ndukwu C.U. , Mbanuzuru A.V. , Obiegbu H.O. , Ugezu A.I. , Onyejiobi C.I.
Published: November 2024

Background: The ideal method for definitive management of open tibia fractures has been a subject of debate. Several techniques have been tried with mixed results.
Objectives: To describe and present our experience using external fixator interrupted by cast immobilization in the management of  Gustillo-Anderson IIIA and IIIB open tibia fractures guided by the radiographic union scale of tibia fractures.
Methods: Patients with Gustillo-Anderson IIIA and IIIB tibia fractures admitted into Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital had  debridement and stabilization with external fixators. Subsequently, fracture healing was monitored with radiographs while wounds were  cared for with dressings. At Radiographic Union Scale for Tibial Fractures (RUST) score of 4, external fixators were taken down and above  knee plaster of Paris cast applied. Partial weight bearing was commenced at RUST 6 (cast still in place). Cast was removed at RUST 11 and  full weight bearing commenced at RUST 12. Outcome of this method was assessed.
Results: Gustillo-Anderson IIIA accounted for 43.1% while IIIB accounted for 56.9%. Mean presentationintervention interval was 41.5  hours ±3.3. Mean time to partial weight bearing was 14.2 weeks ±1.8 (GA IIIA) and 15.6 weeks ±2.6 (GA IIIB). Mean duration on cast was  12.4 weeks (GA IIIA) and 17.5 weeks (GA IIIB). Union occurred at a mean time of 29.9 weeks (GA IIIA) and 35.6 weeks (GA IIIB).  Polymicrobes were seen in both classes. Non union rate was 17.6%.
Conclusions: Management of open tibia fractures with external  fixator and conversion to cast immobilization results in good healing. Presentation-intervention interval of close to 48 hours does not  significantly affect pin tract infection rates. RUST is a useful guide for safe graduation of patients with tibia fractures across the stages of  treatment rehabilitation.
A comparison of MRI and arthroscopic findings of intraarticular soft tissue injury of the knee at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya
Authors: Abdullahi M. , Museve G. , Odero N. , Munene O. , Panwar P. , Adan S.
Published: November 2024

Background: Musculoskeletal system disorders rank as the second most common cause of disability universally contributing to  169,264,000 Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). The knee joint is particularly susceptible to injury especially of the ligaments and  menisci. A comparison between MRI and arthroscopic findings will help determine the reliability of MRI reports in knee injury patients  and guide their management in our setting.
Objective: To compare the MRI and arthroscopic findings of patients with intra-articular soft tissue injury of the knee at Kenyatta  National Hospital, Kenya.
Methodology: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study from January 1st 2018 to December 31st 2022. Seventy two participants  were recruited for the study and the nature of injuries on MRI and at arthroscopy were analyzed.
Results: MRI had a sensitivity of 83.8%,  87.5%, 100% and 50% for medial meniscal, lateral meniscal, ACL and PCL tears respectively. It had a specificity of 77.1%, 85%, 96.6% and  98.5% for the same. Accuracy was highest for ACL injury detection by MRI (97.2%), followed by PCL injury detection (95.8%), and lateral  meniscal tear detection (86.1%). The accuracy of MRI was lowest for medial meniscal injury detection (80.5%).
Conclusion: Overall, MRI  and arthroscopy have comparable diagnostic effectiveness for detecting intra-articular soft tissue injuries of the cruciate ligaments as  well as high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detecting medial and lateral meniscal tears. These findings suggest that MRI is a  useful diagnostic tool in the evaluation of knee injuries and should be carried out in patients presenting with intra-articular soft tissue  injuries of the knee.
Research Extension Linkage – A Review
Authors: Raufu Olusola Sanusi , John Oluwaseun Ifabiyi , Bidemi Olayemi Ajibola , Edwin Idoko Isegbe , Roseline Mosunmola, Adebayo
Published: November 2024

The flow of information from research centres to farmers requires continuous contact between actors. If the link is weak the agricultural productivity will not increase. With the introduction of improved technologies, food production can be increased at a geometric pace in response to population growth. However, large numbers of production technologies developed by research institutes over time have not achieved food sufficiency due to poor linkage between research and extension.  At times, it takes unnecessarily too long for promising technologies to develop to achieve their objectives.  The broad objective of this review is how weak links can be strengthened to improve agricultural communication between research and extension organisations. The specific objectives are to: (i) examine factors influencing research, extension and farmers’ linkage; and (ii) highlight the strategies for strengthening the connection between research and extension. A random sampling technique was used to review 20 relevant articles from Google Scholar. The review concludes that strengthening the link between research and extension is vital for improving agricultural productivity and achieving food security. Key recommendations include fostering collaborative partnerships amongst the stakeholders, enhancing public-private cooperation, and ensuring active involvement of farmers in the research and extension process
Agricultural Science Teacher’s Knowledge of Rice Production Technology in Edu and Patigi Local Government Areas of Kwara State, Nigeria
Authors: Oluwafemi Peter Olabanji , Deborah Adedoyin Ola , Ogunlade Israel , Shiru Rofiat Opeyemi
Published: November 2024

The study assessed the knowledge of agricultural science teachers on rice production technologies. A two-stage sampling procedure was used in selecting fifty-one agricultural science teachers for the study. Data were obtained using structured questionnaire The data was analysed by frequencies, percentages, means, standard deviation, and multiple regression. The result revealed that Internet (x̄ =1.73) and Agricultural textbooks (x̄ =1.53) were the major sources of information for rice production technology. The respondents had high knowledge (90.2%) of rice production technologies. Poor financial condition (x̄ =2.57) was identified as the major constraint to accessing information on the technologies.  Result also revealed that education, years of working experience and place of residence had significant influence (p<0.05) on the teachers’ knowledge of the technologies. The study concluded that with the high knowledge of agricultural science teachers in rice production technologies, when properly equipped, they can serve in advisory capacity to farmers who may not have access to extension officers
Socio-economic Determinants of Adoption of Oil-palm Processing Technologies in Oguta Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria
Authors: Oduehie ThankGod Chijioke , Aboajah Friday N , Muhammad Musa B , Amadi Pearl E.
Published: November 2024

The study examined the socio-economic determinants of the adoption of palm fruit processing technologies in Oguta Local Government Area of Imo state. Purposive and multi-stage sampling procedures were used to select 60 palm fruit processors from whom primary data were obtained using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages, mean, Likert scale, and multiple regression model. All the processing technologies introduced to the palm fruit processors were adopted. Results of multiple regression analysis using linear functional form as lead equation posted an R2 value of 0.740 and showed that household size, age, processing income, credit access, extension access and processing experience were significant determinants of adoption of processing technologies. Meanwhile, 91.67% and 86.67% of the processors were constrained by a lack of funds/financial incapacitation and inadequate credit access respectively. The study recommends that soft loans should be made available and accessible to palm fruit processors in other to equip them with the financial capacity to adopt relevant processing technologies that will not only reduce the drudgery associated with palm fruit processing but also enhance productivity.
Crop Farmers’ Participation in Research and Extension Programmes in Ogun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adetarami Oluwaseun , Ijigbade Justin O , Olagunju Oluwatoyin O
Published: November 2024

This study assessed crop farmers’ participation in research and extension programmes in Ogun State, Nigeria. Data were obtained from randomly interviewing 160 registered crop farmers, 10 subject matter specialists, and 40 extension workers. The data were analysed using percentages, charts, and an ordered logit model. Results showed that 69.2% of the crop farmers participated mostly in community-based agricultural and rural development programmes. Insufficient funds to conduct research and extension programmes (= 4.96) and brief period allocation for training (= 4.94) were the major factors affecting crop farmers' participation in research and agricultural extension programmes. The major perception of the crop farmers was that research and extension programmes had boosted production capacity (= 2.92). When crop farmers participated in research and extension programmes, the extension agents' main assessment was that the relationships among the farmers had improved (= 2.48). The focus of crop farmers' involvement in research and extension initiatives should be redirected from rural development initiatives to national food programmes.
Factors Influencing Dissemination of Research Outputs to Utilisers among Agricultural Research Institutes in Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Tijani Sarafat Ayanfunke , Idoroh Freda Oghenekevwe , Oyewole Mojisola Fauziyah
Published: November 2024

The study assessed factors influencing the Dissemination of Research Outputs (DoRO) among agricultural research institutes in Oyo state. Random sampling was used to select 150 respondents from whom data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Data were analysed using percentages, mean and, principal component analysis. Research outputs generated and disseminated include F3 (80.6%) and TC4 (72.2%) cocoa variety (CRIN); Soybean (100.0%), castor seed (90.9%) and rice (63.6%) (NCRI); Vitamin A cassava (100.0%), TMES (100.0%), TMS13F41343P0022 (90.5%) (IITA), rabbit (76.2%), mushroom (71.4%), cane-rat (61.9%) (FRIN). Level of DoRO among researchers was low (53.3%) due to inadequate funding ((X ) ̅=1.47), weak linkage among stakeholders ((X ) ̅=1.36) and irregular power supply ((X ) ̅=1.15). Funding (0.629), weak linkages (0.583), awareness level of end users (0.675) and corrupt practices (0.717) were factors associated with DoRO. Economic, technical, operational, social and external factors were associated with dissemination of research outputs in Oyo state. Transparency in funding and strong linkage between researchers and extension unit of research institutes should be strengthening.
Male and Female Involvement in the Adoption of Improved Sesame Production Technologies in Ofu Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria
Authors: Adah Obe Christopher , Oluyomi Sunday Moses , Odekina Friday Odekina
Published: November 2024

The study analysed gender involvement in the adoption of improved sesame production technologies in Ofu Local Government Area of Kogi State, Nigeria. Using a multistage sampling technique, 120 respondents were selected for the study. Data analyses were achieved using percentage, mean statistics (M), and sigma scoring methods. Findings showed that farmers were aware (M=5.874) of and adopted (M =5.541) improved sesame production technologies. One hundred per cent of males and 66.79% of females respectively were involved in ploughing with a hoe; 82.5% of males and 61.9% of females respectively harrowed, while 26.3% of males and 14.3% of females ploughed after the first rain. Lack of access to credit facilities (M=2.84), high cost of farm inputs (M=2.71), high cost of fertilizers (M=2.65), poor extension contact (M=2.55), poor storage facilities (M=2.49), poor access roads (M=2.48) were rated as serious challenges to producing sesame. Although most of the sesame producers were aware of and adopted improved production technologies, the adoption rate was higher among the male than female sesame farmers. Farmers should form themselves into well-managed cooperatives to access good quality inputs from certified merchants and credit facilities to invest in farming.
Community Policing and Crime Reduction in Ebonyi State: A Study of Nigeria Police Force, Ebonyi State Command, Abakalik
Authors: Ndukwe Chinyere , Nwachukwu Ogbonnaya
Published: November 2024

The issue of community policing has been at the forefront of burning national issue in Nigeria especially in recent times. It has been argued that the police cannot succeed in crime management without strong collaboration with members of the public. In view of the above, the study examines Community Policing and Crime Reduction in Ebonyi State: A Study of Nigeria Police Force, Ebonyi State Command Abakaliki. The study was anchored on the Participatory Theory propounded by Bohm (1996) and Freire (1997). Descriptive survey design was adopted. The population of this study was 1473 which was reduced to a sample size of 315. Data for the study were collected from primary source. Questionnaire instrument was used in data collection. Data were analyzed using frequency distribution tables and simple percentages whereas the Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (r) was used to test the hypotheses formulated for the study. Findings revealed that community policing has significantly contributed in reducing the incidence of kidnapping in Ebonyi State (r = 0.742, p-value, 0.011); community policing has contributed in reducing the incidence of armed robbery attack in Ebonyi State (r = 0.801, p-value, 0.01); and community policing has significantly contributed in reducing incidence of rape cases in Ebonyi State (r = 0.621, p-value, 0.00). The implication of the findings is that community policing has significantly contributed in crime reduction in Ebonyi State. The study therefore recommended that: There is need for increased collaboration between thepolice and members of the public in order to contain theincidence of kidnapping in Ebonyi State; there is need for increased collaboration between the police and members of the public in order to contain the incidence of armed robbery attack in Ebonyi State; and there is need for increased collaboration between the police and members of the public in order to contain the incidence of rape cases in Ebonyi State.
Assessing the Influence of Financial Management Practices on Selected Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Delta State Nigeria
Authors: Abbarika Christian , Okoh Okuwa
Published: November 2024

This study was carried out to assess the influence of financial management practices on organizational performance of selected small and medium scale enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. The researchers used survey research design for the study and data were gathered through the use of structured questionnaire. The study revealed that there is positive and significant relationship between financial management practices on the profitability of small and medium scale enterprises in Delta State. Based on these findings the study concluded that financial management practices has significant relationship on the profitability and employees satisfaction of small and medium scale enterprises in Delta State, Nigeria. Based on the findings and conclusion of the study, the study therefore recommends that small and medium scale enterprises should implement risk management of strengthening the firm’s management structure, and as a result, its profitability. Small and medium scale business enterprises in Delta State which have not been using financial management practices should adopt it in their operations. This will enhance the business overall profitability. Small and medium business enterprises should make it a priority to work towards the objective of building strong fundamentals that may have a positive effect on their businesses and this will enhance employees satisfaction. Small and medium scale business enterprises should focus on investment that generate positive and net present value, this will add value to an investor’s fund.
Post-Passage Discourse Analysis of Ghana's Affirmative Action Bill: Media Representations and Public Reactions
Authors: Akapule Samuel , Naaikuur Lawrence
Published: November 2024

This paper conducts a discourse analysis of the Affirmative Action Bill passed by the Parliament of Ghana on July 30, 2024, and received presidential assent on September 19, 2024. The legislation aims to address gender disparities and enhance women's participation in governance. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) and Feminist Theory, the study examines public and media reactions, revealing themes of celebration, skepticism, political will, cultural resistance, and economic implications. It situates these discussions within the framework of international gender equality protocols, particularly the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) focusing on gender equality. The findings highlight the complex socio-political dynamics and cultural attitudes affecting gender equality discourse in Ghana. The research emphasizes the importance of sustained political commitment, public education, and institutional readiness for effective implementation of the bill, contributing to a nuanced understanding of the challenges and opportunities in advancing gender equality through legislative means in Ghana.
Pay As You Go (PAYG) Pension Scheme and Employee Performance in Anambra State Local Government System (2012 - 2021)
Authors: Ezeanolue Amara , Chukwuemeka Emma
Published: November 2024

This Study examined the relationship between the Pay As You Go Pension scheme and employee performance in Anambra state local government system from 2012 to 2021. The motivation for the study arose from the need to ascertain how the availability of retirement benefits inspires employee’s performance and commitment to the organization while still in service. In line with the specific objectives of the study, three research questions and hypotheses were formulated and tested for the study. The study was anchored on the Deferred Wage Theory. The methodology adopted was survey design. Primary and secondary sources of data were used. A structured questionnaire instrument was administered to the respondents and the data obtained was presented using tables and mean scores and analyzed using Pearson correlation. The major findings from the study, among others are that the pay as you go pension scheme has a relationship with employees’ performance in the Anambra state local government system. On the basis of the findings from this study, the study recommended, among others, that government should make adequate budgetary allocations for prompt payment of pensions and pension arrears. They should demonstrate strong support to ensure necessary political and economic support for the scheme.
Noonan Syndrome in a Nigerian Neonate: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Akowundu Kasarachi P , Salako Olubunmi H
Published: November 2024

Noonan syndrome (NS) is a genetic condition with a heterogeneous phenotype and multi-systemic involvement. This condition has been linked to mutations in the RAS/MAPK pathway, which is involved in cell differentiation. Noonan syndrome has been associated with multiple anomalies, with complications arising from the cardiovascular system, and this has been recognized as the commonest cause of death. Across the world, there is an upsurge in the number of congenital malformations, especially in mineral and petroleum-producing African countries. The report describes a term male neonate who had features of Noonan syndrome, with the scoring system used in diagnosis and review of existing literature. There is a robust scoring system that has diagnostic value in NS, as used in this report. This report aims to create awareness about the scoring system used in diagnosing NS, especially in resource-limited settings where genetic testing may not be feasible.
Economic viability of seaweed and sea cucumber culture using integrated multitrophic aquaculture systems in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Bernard Markus , Rahman Hafzur , Mangile William , Msuya Flower E. , Kunzmann Andreas
Published: November 2024

The viability of co-culturing seaweed and sea cucumbers in Zanzibar, Tanzania, was assessed using integrated multitrophic aquaculture (IMTA) systems with oyster and recirculating aquaculture systems with milkfish. Seaweed production was affected by the ice-ice disease, resulting in specific growth rates of 1.32 to -1.96 % d-1. Nitrogen content in the seaweed thallus and inorganic nutrient in the water indicated that seaweed could potentially be used as a biofilter. An economic analysis showed the economic viability of IMTA systems, co-culturing seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii, sea cucumber Holothuria scabra and oyster Pinctada margaritifera, achieving a maximum benefit-cost ratio of 1.61 over one year. Interviews with local farmers on Zanzibar showed willingness to accept new aquaculture systems, but also highlighted constraints, including a lack of infrastructure, funds and expertise.
Constructing Concise Characteristic Samples for Acceptors of Omega Regular Languages
Authors: Angluin Dana , Fisman Dana
Published: November 2024

A characteristic sample for a language $L$ and a learning algorithm
$\textbf{L}$ is a finite sample of words $T_L$ labeled by their membership in
$L$ such that for any sample $T \supseteq T_L$ consistent with $L$, on input
$T$ the learning algorithm $\textbf{L}$ returns a hypothesis equivalent to $L$.
Which omega automata have characteristic sets of polynomial size, and can these
sets be constructed in polynomial time? We address these questions here. In
brief, non-deterministic omega automata of any of the common types, in
particular B\"uchi, do not have characteristic samples of polynomial size. For
deterministic omega automata that are isomorphic to their right congruence
automata, the fully informative languages, polynomial time algorithms for
constructing characteristic samples and learning from them are given. The
algorithms for constructing characteristic sets in polynomial time for the
different omega automata (of types B\"uchi, coB\"uchi, parity, Rabin, Street,
or Muller), require deterministic polynomial time algorithms for (1)
equivalence of the respective omega automata, and (2) testing membership of the
language of the automaton in the informative classes, which we provide.
Determination of Bed Width of Furrow Irrigation under Wheat at Tibla and Ketar-Genat Irrigation Scheme, Arsi Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Bedaso Negash , Ahmed Bayan
Published: November 2024

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of different bed width on yield and water productivity of wheat from (2022-2023) year at Tibila and Ketar-Genet irrigation scheme. Four bed widths (100cm, 80cm, 60cm and 40cm) were arranged in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Recently released bread wheat variety king-bird was used as test crop. From the result, it is found that, Planting wheat on different bed width had a substantial impact on wheat yield and water productivity of the crop. In this study, the highest grain yield (6.23tha-1 ) were obtained when the bread wheat was grown under T2 (60cm bed-width) at Tibila irrigation Scheme. Whereas, the highest grain yield (5.93tha-1 ) were obtained when the bread wheat was grown under T3 (80cm bed-width) treatments at Ketar-Genat irrigation scheme. In general, the result displayed the production of wheat under 60cm bed width with 14% yield advantage at Tibila and 80cm bed width 16.3% yield advantage at the Ketar-genat irrigation scheme as compared to extremely wider (T4) and farmer irrigation practice (T1) respectively. The water productivity among the treatment were also determined in this study where; highest value of 1.05kg m-3 was recorded in T2, at Tibila and T3 (1.21 kg m−3 ) at Ketar-Genat irrigation scheme. Here, the result revealed that water productivity was significantly affected by soil characteristics and the width of the bed. The 60cm bed width produced 17.1% in loam soil and 80cm bed width produce 26.4% in clay soil higher water productivity as compared to farmer practice (T1) at Tibila and Ketar-genet irrigation scheme respectively. T2 (60cm bed-width) and T3 (80cm bed-width) were the best treatment to obtain an optimum yield and maximum water use efficiency in Tibila and Ketar-Genat irrigation scheme, respectively. Therefore, it was recommended to the farmer of Tibla irrigation scheme to use 60cm bed width and 80cm bed width for Ketar-Genat irrigation scheme to enhance production and productivity of wheat in the study area.
El director como gerente social holístico, escuelas estadales municipio Juan José Mora, estado Carabobo
Authors: Correa Guevara, Maria Veronica - Venezuela
Published: November 2024

El presente trabajo tuvo como propósito analizar el rol del dire ctor como gerente social hacia el desarrollo holístico en las Escuelas Estadales del Municipio Mora del estado Carabobo. Esta investigación se enmarcó en la modalidad descriptiva, apoyada en una investigación de campo. El trabajo se sustentó en las teorías: clásica, de motivación, de comunicación y Teoría del Desarrollo Holístico. La población estuvo conformada por diez (10) directores y (165) docentes. Para recolectar la información se utilizó la técnica de la encuesta, en un cuestionario a escala Likert, sometido a juicio de expertos. Los resultados obtenidos se presentaron en cuadros, así como gráficos de barra con sus respectivos análisis. Se comprobó  según los indicadores estudiados que los directores y docentes no siempre asumen roles abordando los nuevos enfoques de la gestión organizacional hacia una visión holística para transformar a la institución en  centro de interacción constructiva con el fin de elevar la calidad educativa.
BIOÉTICA, BIODIREITO E SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Rodrigues Neto Elias José , Noccioli Carlos Alexandre Molina
Published: November 2024

Este artigo explora a relação entre biodiversidade, sustentabilidade e ética jurídica, destacando o papel dos princípios bioéticos e do biodireito na preservação ambiental e no desenvolvimento sustentável. A relevância do estudo se baseia na urgência de combater o esgotamento dos recursos naturais, conforme previsto no artigo 225 da Constituição Federal, que assegura o meio ambiente como direito de todos. Através de uma metodologia qualitativa com revisão bibliográfica, a pesquisa analisa como a ação humana tem desequilibrado o meio ambiente, favorecendo o desenvolvimento econômico em detrimento da sustentabilidade. Ressalta-se a importância dos princípios de beneficência e justiça, além da cooperação internacional para promover a conscientização ambiental e mudanças culturais necessárias. Os resultados fornecem uma visão abrangente das questões ambientais contemporâneas, influenciando políticas públicas voltadas à preservação e justiça social, embora a pesquisa reconheça suas limitações e a necessidade de abordagens interdisciplinares.
IMPACT OF GLOBAL ECONOMIC POLICIES ON THE FUNCTIONING OF TRADE UNIONS IN INDIAN PUBLIC SECTOR ENTERPRISES
Authors: Singh Dhirendra Kumar
Published: November 2024

The impact of global economic policies on trade unions within India's public sector enterprises (PSEs), analyzing both quantitative and qualitative data to understand how globalization, privatization, and labor reforms have transformed union dynamics. Historically, Indian trade unions played a crucial role in advocating for workers' rights and were deeply integrated into PSEs, especially during India's state-led economic model. However, liberalization reforms introduced in the 1990s have redefined labor relations, reducing union bargaining power due to market-driven policies and privatization pressures. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, collecting quantitative data from surveys of 600 union members across PSE sectors and qualitative insights from interviews with union leaders, public sector managers, and policymakers. Quantitative findings indicate a 37.5% decline in union membership from 1990 to 2020, underscoring the adverse effects of global policies on union strength and worker protections. Regression analysis reveals a significant negative correlation between economic liberalization and union influence, reflecting increased job insecurity and skill mismatches due to automation and privatization. Qualitatively, thematic analysis of interviews reveals adaptive strategies adopted by unions, including reskilling initiatives, digital mobilization, and partnerships with global unions. These strategies underscore unions' shift from traditional collective bargaining to a broader focus on worker empowerment and skills development. The study concludes that while global economic policies challenge trade unions, they also present opportunities for strategic adaptation. Policymakers are encouraged to collaborate with unions to develop inclusive policies that balance economic growth with labor rights, fostering sustainable industrial relations. This research contributes to the discourse on labor resilience in a globalized economy, offering recommendations for unions and policymakers to navigate economic transformations effectively.
TESTING OF CENTRALIZED PROTECTION OF HIGH VOLTAGE SUBSTATION WITH THIRTY BAYS USING A REAL-TIME SIMULATOR
Authors:   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS, Vlaisavljević Milica , Stojanović Zoran ,   University of Belgrade School of Electrical Engineering: Belgrade, RS, Simić Simiša ,   Tajfun HIL doo, Srbija
Published: November 2024

Intensive technological development of of computer networks has led to a great shift in the performance of secondary equipment of high-voltage substations. The system for the automation of high-voltage substations implies the use of more intelligent electronic devices. With the use of intelligent electronic devices, there was a need for efficient communication between them, especially for the use of standard protocols defined by the IEC 61850 standard. Today's intelligent electronic devices do not communicate only by exchanging GOOSE and MMS messages, but also by exchanging measured voltages and currents in the form of digitized signal samples. This type of communication leads to the possibility of testing protection at the level of the entire substation. The paper presents an example of testing the sensitivity and selectivity of centralized protection using a mathematical model of a substation with thirty outputs, which is executed in real time. The innovative way of testing highvoltage substations, taking into account dynamic phenomena and nonlinearities in the system, enables simultaneous testing of several protective devices and checking the selectivity, but also the sensitivity of the entire protective system. The test is safe and without the physical supply of voltage and current, as well as without interrupting the operation of the substation.