bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Histopathological Criteria for Paediatric Adrenocortical Carcinoma
Authors: Paschoalin Victor P. , Tucci Júnior Silvio , G. Estevanato Andrey , B. Tiraboschi Ricardo , Antonini Sonir R. , Muglia Valdair F. , Chahud Fernando , Mermejo Livia M. , de Bessa Júnior José , Fernandes Molina Carlos A.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is diagnosed in paediatric patients at 5 months after symptom onset on average, and 38% die during the first 2.5 years of follow-up. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of Weiss, Van Slooten, and Wieneke histopathological ACC classifications for predicting follow-up prognosis in a paediatric population. Methods: Data were retrieved from medical records of 57 patients aged <18 years who underwent surgical treatment for ACC with surgical follow-up over 6 months or death due to ACC. They were classified into either good (without recurrence/death due to ACC) or poor (with recurrence/death due to ACC) prognosis group. Two expert pathologists classified the ACC surgical specimens according to the Weiss, Van Slooten, and Wieneke criteria. Results: The median follow-up duration was 126 (18–225) months in 38 males (66.7%) and 19 females (33.3%) (median age: 3 [1–6.5] years). The good prognosis group was younger than the poor prognosis group (median age: 3 [1.5–6.2] years vs. 5 [2–10] years). Seventeen (29.8%) patients in the poor prognosis group died due to ACC within the first 50 months of surgical follow-up; the earliest death occurred in the fourth follow-up month, and the majority of deaths occurred within 24 months of follow-up. The accuracies of Weiss, Van Slooten, and Wieneke classification systems were 40%, 47%, and 77%, respectively. Discussion/Conclusion: The Wieneke classification showed the best accuracy but was not sufficiently precise to establish reliable prognosis for ACC in the paediatric population. The Wieneke classification had approximately 95% sensitivity and negative predictive value.
АСПЕКТИ ОКРЕМИХ ПРОБЛЕМ СИСТЕМИ ГРОМАДСЬКОГО ЗДОРОВ’Я В УКРАЇНІ В КОНТЕКСТІ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕПІДЕМІОЛОГІЧНОЇ СИТУАЦІЇ
Authors: Човпан Г. О. , Лад С. М. , Громко Є. А.
Published: May 2022

Мета: визначення, аналіз та актуалізація основних проблем громадського здоров’я в Україні відповідно до законодавчої бази та з урахуванням нинішньої епідеміологічної ситуації, значно зміненої наслідками пандемії.
Матеріали і методи. При проведенні дослідження застосовано бібліосемантичний метод та метод системного аналізу, а також проаналізовано нормативно-правову базу системи громадського здоров’я в Україні, наукові джерела.
Результати. У дослідженні враховано ті ризики та виклики, які ставить нинішня епідеміологічна ситуація, зумовлена пандемією, викликаною розповсюдженням коронавірусної хвороби COVID-19, перед працівниками системи громадського здоров’я, закладів охорони здоров’я та суспільством загалом. Загальні статті дослідження відповідають засадам Концепції розвитку системи громадського здоров’я Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, що визначає актуальність та перспективність дослідження для наближення практичної реалізації завдання зменшення захворюваності людей, зниження летальності хвороб, збереження здоров’я та збільшення тривалості і якісного покращення життя. Такі результати є не лише метою українських проектів зі збереження громадського здоров’я, а й загальноєвропейських та загальносвітових тенденцій і концепцій зі зміцнення та збереження здоров’я населення. Серед означених проблем виділено ті, що пов’язані з виконанням органами громадського здоров’я їх основних функцій, визначених законом, та окреслено орієнтовні напрямки їх вирішення.
Висновок. Комплекс заходів для оптимізації системи громадського здоров’я відповідно до викликів сучасної епідеміологічної ситуації розглянуто як багатоскладову сукупність заходів, що потребують відповідної структуалізації та стратифікованого планування на різних рівнях для поступової реалізації у всіх сферах як охорони здоров’я, так і людського життя загалом.
ОКРЕМІ АСПЕКТИ ПОШИРЕНОСТІ ВАЖКИХ ФОРМ ГЕНЕРАЛІЗОВАНОГО ПАРОДОНТИТУ У НАСЕЛЕННЯ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Случевська О. О. , Павленко О. В. , Мочалов Ю. О. , Шупяцький І. М.
Published: May 2022

Мета: оцінити поширеність важких форм генералізованого пародонтиту в населення України, використовуючи офіційні статистичні відомості.

Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано дані довідників «Показники здоров’я населення та використання ресурсів охорони здоров’я в Україні (загальний)» за 2020 і 2019 рр., дані щодо кількості видалених зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта.

Результати. Протягом 2019 р. в Україні в системі закладів охорони здоров’я, які звітували до Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, було проведено 753 429 екстракцій зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта, що в структурі екстракцій зубів загалом становило 17,13 %. Саме такий показник можна вважати тотожним поширеності випадків ускладненого перебігу захворювань пародонта в країні. У 2020 р. загалом у закладах охорони здоров’я, які подали звіти до Міністерства охорони здоров’я України, було виконано 436 119 видалень зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта, при цьому загалом питома вага екстракцій зубів у населення зменшилася до 6,79 %, незначно зменшилася частка видалення зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта в структурі екстракцій до 15,44 %. Питома вага видалень зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта у населення становить 2,19 %, що тотожно поширеності важких форм генералізованого пародонтиту, частота реєстрації важких форм генералізованого пародонтиту на стоматологічному прийомі становить 11,06 % від первинних відвідувань.

Висновки. Хронічні запально-дистрофічні ураження тканин пародонта є широко розповсюдженими захворю­ваннями в Україні й часто призводять до вторинної адентії щелеп у працездатного населення. Аналіз кількості видалень зубів із приводу захворювань пародонта за два роки дозволяє припустити, що рівень захворюваності на запальні та запально-дистрофічні ураження пародонта суттєво не змінився, хоча таке питання потребує більш тривалих спостережень.
ПЕРЕВАГИ БІОРЕГУЛЯЦІЙНОГО ПІДХОДУ В ЛІКУВАННІ ТА РЕАБІЛІТАЦІЇ ПАЦІЄНТІВ З COVID-19. КЛІНІЧНИЙ ДОСВІД
Authors: Гулій М. А. , Соловйова В. С.
Published: May 2022

РЕЗЮМЕ. З початку спалаху нової коронавірусної інфекції COVID-19, причиною виникнення якої є вірус SARS-CoV-2, перед медичною спільнотою поставлені задачі, повʼязані не тільки з наданням кваліфікованої медичної допомоги, а й з проведенням реабілітаційних втручань під час і після захворювання.

В більшості випадків спостерігаються легкі і навіть безсимптомні форми перебігу; часто прояви середньої тяжкості у вигляді пневмоній без дихальної недостатності; рідше – з різним ступенем вираження дихальної недостатності; іноді – ускладнюється розвитком гострого респіраторного дистрес-синдрому (ГРДС). Саме характер епідемічного поширення і неоднорідна клінічна картина захворювання свідчать про істотну роль у розвитку даної патології рівня функціонального стану організму. Тому своєчасне використання неспецифічних методів корекції типових патологічних процесів, а саме запалення, ендогенної інтоксикації, порушень метаболізму, енергетичного балансу, імунного захисту, з допомогою методів фізичного впливу дозволяє запобігти розвитку ускладнень.

Через особливості патогенезу захворювання та різноманітність його клінічних форм шаблонне застосування загальноприйнятих схем часто є неефективним. А ефективність методів, які застосовують, прямо залежить від раннього початку проведення реабілітаційних заходів і комплексної оцінки стану пацієнта.

У статті представлений власний клінічний досвід курації пацієнтки похилого віку з позалікарняною пневмонією, асоційованою з COVID-19, та коморбідною патологією, на етапах лікування та реабілітації. На прикладі цього клінічного випадку були продемонстровані можливості, ефективність та безпека впровадження персоніфікованого алгоритму біорегуляційної корекції та індивідуальної програми реабілітаційних втручань на основі комплексної оцінки стану здоровʼя пацієнтки.
As abelhas não fazem fofoca: da transmissão de um psicanalista na educação
Authors: Machado Letícia Vier
Published: May 2022

Resenha do livro "As abelhas não fazem fofoca: estudos psicanalíticos no campo da educação" - São Paulo: Instituto Langage, 2021. 320p.
Intervenção psicanalítica pais-bebê orientada pelas operações fundamentais da constituição psíquica: experiência em uma UTI neonatal
Authors: Frantz Mariana Flores , Donelli Tagma Marina Schneider
Published: May 2022

O número de nascidos prematuros está crescendo, porém, avanços tecnológicos e dos serviços prestados nas Unidades de Tratamento Intensivo Neonatal (UTINs) vêm permitindo a sobrevivência desses bebês. Em contrapartida, estudos apontam problemas no desenvolvimento das crianças, e a intervenção precoce surge como uma possibilidade de prevenir a instalação de psicopatologias futuras. Diante disso, este artigo descreve uma intervenção psicanalítica realizada com pais-bebês prematuros em uma UTIN e orientada pelas operações fundamentais que balizam a constituição psíquica à luz dos Indicadores Clínicos de Risco ao Desenvolvimento Infantil (IRDI). Constatou-se que o trabalho psicanalítico na primeira infância e no contexto da prematuridade é um campo riquíssimo para prevenção em saúde mental.
A atuação de ONGs e coletivos no apoio a pais em condição de luto perinatal
Authors: Moreno Carolina Serrati , Bleicher Taís
Published: May 2022

O luto perinatal, processo decorrente da perda gestacional ou neonatal, carrega especificidades pela falta de apoio social percebida pelas mães e pais, que consequentemente necessitam de apoio provindo de diferentes fontes, como ONGs e coletivos especializados no tema. Assim, este estudo busca compreender o trabalho destas organizações, buscando entender a importância no processo de elaboração do luto e de formação de rede de apoio, entrevistando 16 sujeitos, entre eles voluntários das organizações e maães e pais apoiados. Foram elaborados 12 códigos organizados em 5 categorias (perda, trabalhos dos institutos de apoio, rede de apoio, mudanças pela COVID e gênero). A partir dos relatos foi possível compreender a importância das instituições no apoio ao luto parental após a perda perinatal, com papel fundamental no entendimento e aceitação do ocorrido, assim como na elaboração do mesmo.
High Social Risk Influence Progression of White Matter Hyperintensities of Presumed Vascular Origin: A Prospective Study in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H. , Mera Robertino M. , Recalde Bettsy Y. , Rumbea Denisse A. , Del Brutto Victor J.
Published: May 2022

Background:

Information on cerebrovascular consequences of high social risk, as determined by the social determinants of health, is limited. We sought to evaluate the impact of high social risk on the progression of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) of presumed vascular origin.

Methods:

Following a longitudinal prospective study design, participants of the Atahualpa Project Cohort received baseline social risk determinations by means of social determinants of health components included in the Gijon’s Social-Familial Evaluation Scale together with clinical interviews and brain magnetic resonance imagings. Those who also received follow-up brain magnetic resonance imaging at the end of the study were included. We used Poisson regression models adjusted for demographics, education levels and traditional cardiovascular risk factors to assess the incidence rate ratio of WMH progression according to the Gijon’s Social-Familial Evaluation Scale score.

Results:

The study included 263 individuals aged ≥60 years (mean age, 65.7±6.2 years; 57% women). The Gijon’s Social-Familial Evaluation Scale mean score was 8.9±2.2 points. Follow-up magnetic resonance imagings revealed WMH progression in 103 (39%) individuals after a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (SD±1.4 years). Poisson regression models showed increased WMH progression rate among individuals in the third tertile of the Gijon’s Social-Familial Evaluation Scale score compared with those in the first tertile (incidence rate ratio, 1.65 [95% CI, 1.05–2.61];
P
=0.032). Separate Poisson regression models using individual social determinants of health components showed that poor social relationships (incidence rate ratio, 1.39 [95% CI, 1.10–1.77];
P
=0.006) and deficient support networks (incidence rate ratio, 1.79 [95% CI, 1.19–2.69];
P
=0.005) were independently associated with WMH progression, whereas family situation, economic status, and housing did not.

Conclusions:

Poor social relationships and deficient support networks were significantly associated with WMH progression in community-dwelling older adults living in a rural setting. Our findings may help planning cost-effective preventive policies to reduce progression of cerebral small vessel disease among vulnerable populations.
Dire les mystères en latin, et en vers, au IVe s. apr. J.C. : À propos d’orgia (Aviénus et Optatien Porphyre) et d’Eleusis (Claudien)
Authors: Galli Milić Lavinia
Published: May 2022

In this article, I first examine the use of the word orgia in the context of Optatian’s, Avienus’ and Claudian’s poetry. I then evaluate the references to the cult of Eleusis occurring in the proemium of the first book of Claudian’s Rape of Proserpina. By these two test cases, I try to survey the way in which the vocabulary of the mystery cults is used by Latin poets writing in the 4th century AD, a time punctuated by events which had progressively pushed the mystery cults to the margins of the Empire. In these texts, which might possibly mirror contemporary religious issues—although they are, first and foremost, literary projects shaped by their own models and narrative mechanisms—the mystery ceremony is sometimes likened to a theatrical performance; the emphasis is placed on the collective sensory experience, on the occult nature of these practices, as well as on their etiological aspects and symbolic meaning.
Les dévots latinophones de Mithra disaient-ils leurs ‘mystères’—et si oui, comment ?
Authors: Belayche Nicole
Published: May 2022

Studying the epigraphic testimonies of Mithraists should be a suitable approach to our task of tracing the mysteries in Latin, because Roman worshippers of Mithras were Latin speakers in their vast majority. Moreover, a certain proportion of them had their origin in the Greek-speaking Mediterranean, where mysteria were known. And yet there is almost no lexicon of ‘mysteries’ in these texts, although a Latin lexicon was available for talking about the mysteries. A close study of the few terms that might be related to an eventual expression of the ‘mysteries’—sacratus/a, consacranus/a, fratres, syndexi—produces results less convincing than is usually thought. However, at the end of the fourth century in Rome there does seem to be a shift in the way in which the entry into each grade (traditio) is expressed. In the end, this kind of lexical analysis reveals less about the ‘mysteries’ of Mithra than it does about the profoundly Roman nature of the organization of these religious groups.
The Role of UN Peace Operations in Security Sector Reform and the Relationship with the Protection of Civilians
Authors: Sprik Lenneke , Giblin Jennifer , Gilder Alexander
Published: May 2022

Security sector reform and the protection of civilians are regular features within United Nations (UN) peace operations. However, the two areas are often distinct from one another in the mandates of missions. What then is the relationship between Security Sector Reform (ssr) and the Protection of Civilians (PoC) in contemporary missions and how does ssr impact PoC? This article aims to draw out this relationship by conducting a comparative case study analysis based on three missions that all combine a ssr and PoC mandate: the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali (minusma), the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in the Central African Republic (minusca) and the United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (monusco). The case studies provide a variety of examples which demonstrate elements of both convergence and divergence in the implementation of ssr and PoC. With ssr often taking place in a context of armed conflict, the current focus on human rights training and accountability is insufficient as the missions fail to achieve long-term ssr goals and instead must prioritise PoC due to the actions of the host states.
Mapping the Unseen: Ibn al-ʿArabī’s Maps in Chapter 371 of al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya
Authors: Karjoo-Ravary Ali
Published: May 2022

This paper examines a series of sequential cosmological and eschatological maps drawn by Ibn al-ʿArabī (d. 638/1240) in his second recension of al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya (Türk ve İslam Eserleri Müzesi 1845+). These images, drawn from the visual language of the rational sciences, map the images of revelation into the cosmology of the day so as to show the vastness of God’s cosmos and the limits of the intellect. Ibn al-ʿArabī, aware of the limits of his medium, explicitly states that these should be a “single composition.” He uses visual cues to mark shifts of perspective, helping the reader visualize the interconnections that bind together this multidimensional representation of the cosmos. By considering their placement and their relation to the narrative, I also argue that the final two maps are a representation of two eyes, identifying the cosmos and the reader as reflections of God, a contemplative use that is lost in their transmission history.
God’s Invisible Particles as an Explanation for the Rinderpest Outbreak (1713–1714): The Reception of Medical Knowledge in the Dutch Republic
Authors: Dekker Theo
Published: May 2022

In recent decades, historians have made significant contributions to the understanding of the production and circulation of knowledge in the early modern period. This article aims to go further, by demonstrating how a non-medical expert acquired and applied new medical knowledge, and how chronicles can be used as a source to study the reception of (medical) knowledge in the early modern period. To do this, I have used the corpus of the research project Chronicling Novelty which contains 311 early modern chronicles from the Low Countries, written by a heterogenous group of authors from the ‘middling’ ranks of society. The farmer and alderman Lambert Rijckxz Lustigh (1656–1727) tried to make sense of the rinderpest outbreak that spread across the Low Countries in 1713. In contrast to most of his contemporaries, he combined a corpuscular theory of medicine with other forms of knowledge to demonstrate how God’s ‘invisible particles’ caused an epidemic. This paper presents how expert knowledge became part of a complex chain of cultural translation and retranslation in society. Moreover, by examining Lustigh’s explanations in relation to his contemporaries and other chroniclers, this paper offers an additional perspective on the preconditions for the acceptance of new knowledge and change among the middling ranks of society.
Literature review of the systematics, biology and role in malaria transmission of species in the Afrotropical Anopheles subgenus Anopheles (Diptera: Culicidae)
Authors: COETZEE MAUREEN
Published: May 2022

It has been 34 years since the last update of the subgenus Anopheles Meigen, 1818 in the Afrotropical Region. Eleven species occur in the region, and of these, eight occur only on the African continent, two in both Africa and Madagascar, and one exclusively in Madagascar. Three species are implicated in the transmission of malarial parasites in localised areas: An. coustani Laveran, 1900 (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Madagascar, Tanzania and Zambia), An. paludis Theobald, 1900 (Cameroon, Democratic Republic of the Congo) and An. ziemanni Grünberg, 1902 (Cameroon, Chad, Ethiopia and Rwanda). Several arboviruses have been isolated from An. coustani in Kenya, Madagascar and Senegal. Recent molecular studies indicate possible undescribed species within An. coustani that could be resolved with integrated molecular, morphological and cytogenetic methods.
A social media intervention for the families of young Black men with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Watach Alexa J , Bishop-Gilyard Chanelle T , Ku Helen , Afolabi-Brown Olufunke , Prout Parks Elizabeth , Xanthopoulos Melissa S
Published: May 2022

Objective:

To address positive airway pressure (PAP) adherence in adolescents diagnosed with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) by pilot testing a novel, online, facilitated, peer-support and health education programme for families.

Design, setting, and methods:

Families participated in separate Facebook peer-groups (adolescent [ n = 6] and parent [ n = 6]) for 4 weeks, followed by face-to-face interviews. Participants received OSA and PAP educational videos and posts, engaged with questions and polls, and viewed de-identified postings of peer PAP use data.

Results:

Adolescent participants were young Black men aged 13–17 years ( n = 6) with obesity ( n = 5), severe sleep apnoea (100%) and 4–15 months of prior PAP use. Parent participants were mothers ( n = 4) and fathers ( n = 2). Four of six young men increased their mean PAP use during the intervention period. Overall, parents were more engaged with the Facebook group page than adolescents, but interviews revealed the online group/peer-support and education provided was highly regarded and appreciated by families. Parents were particularly appreciative of being involved in care and diagnosis in this way.

Conclusion:

Results of this pilot trial provide important data regarding intervention design, content and delivery approaches to be considered in the development of future interventions aiming to engage families and improve adolescent PAP adherence.
A crack detection system of subway tunnel based on image processing
Authors: Liu Xuanran , Zhu Liqiang , Wang Yaodong , Yu Zujun
Published: May 2022

For the images of crack defects of subway tunnel, traditional image processing algorithms is hardly effective for dealing with problems existing in the image like uneven illumination or severe noise interference. Based on pixel-level processing, an improved crack detection algorithm is proposed using structural analysis for improving the quality of tunnel images. Firstly, image preprocessing transforms the raw images of tunnel surface into binary images containing crack pixels and noise pixels. To extract crack information from binary images, three kinds of interference components are removed by structural analysis. With few interference components remaining in the image, the width of crack can be calculated according to the mean and standard deviation of the local area of the crack. Based on the algorithm, a crack detection system is designed, and a tunnel inspection experiment is conducted in a subway tunnel to capture tunnel surface images. Compared with popular image processing method, the crack recognition rate of the proposed method is 91.15% which is approximately 10% higher than others, and the measurement result of crack width based on the proposed method is closer to the ground truth. The experiment result indicates that the proposed method shows a better performance in crack detection.
Perceived public stigma and perceived public exposure by persons living with bipolar disorder: A qualitative study
Authors: Favre Sophie , Aubry Jean-Michel , Richard-Lepouriel Hélène
Published: May 2022

Background:

Stigma impact the lives of persons living with bipolar disorder.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to explore how perceived public stigma is described by people living with bipolar disorder and examine the links between perceived public stigma and perceived public exposure.

Method:

Face-to-face in-depth interviews were conducted in a purposive sample of euthymic people living with bipolar disorder recruited in a mood disorder ambulatory unit.

Results:

Thematic analysis of the transcript yielded five independent themes that were related to perceived public stigma. Perceived public stigma of bipolar disorder was modeled as comprising the three elements of public stigmas (stereotype, prejudice, and discrimination), with the addition of public exposure as a core component.

Conclusion:

The representation of bipolar disorder in society via newspapers, films/TV series, conferences, and celebrity self-disclosures is considered to have multiple impacts. People living with bipolar disorder have also reported a perceived public stigma of bipolar disorder that has both specific features and characteristics of general mental illness.
Sentence Stems to Foster Dialogue: Uses of “I Notice” and “I Wonder” in Online Teacher Professional Development
Authors: Anderson Eleanor R. , Dobie Tracy E.
Published: May 2022

In this article, we examine the promise of a popular set of sentence stems, “I notice” and “I wonder,” for fostering productive discussion in an online course for teachers. Drawing on teachers’ responses to one another’s classroom reflections, we look for evidence regarding how course prompts encouraging teachers to use these stems influence the types of contributions teachers offer. We analyze teachers’ responses at the module, response, and sentence level, situating our inquiry in the context of common challenges related to discourse in teacher professional learning contexts. Our findings suggest that prompting teachers to report what they “notice” and what they “wonder” may support the development of teachers’ professional vision and exposure to diverse perspectives.
The Relationship Between Financial Stressors, Chronic Pain, and High-Impact Chronic Pain: Findings From the 2019 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Weissman Judith D. , Russell David , Taylor John
Published: May 2022

Objectives:

Public health interventions to prevent financial stressors and reduce chronic pain and high-impact chronic pain (HICP) are important to potentially improve the health of the US population. The objectives of our study were to provide an update on the prevalence of chronic pain and HICP and to examine relationships between financial stressors and pain.

Methods:

We used data from a cross-sectional sample of adults aged ≥18 years (n = 31 997) collected by the 2019 National Health Interview Survey. We constructed bivariate and multivariate models to examine chronic pain and HICP in relation to financial worries, employment with wages, income, sociodemographic characteristics, number of chronic health conditions, and body mass index.

Results:

In fully adjusted multivariate regression models, having no employment with wages was strongly associated with increased risk for chronic pain (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.3; 95% CI, 1.2-1.5) and HICP (aOR = 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4-1.9). Worries about paying medical bills was associated with chronic pain (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.2) and HICP (aOR = 1.1; 95% CI, 1.0-1.3). Being unable to pay medical bills was associated with chronic pain (aOR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.9-2.3) and HICP (aOR = 2.3; 95% CI, 2.0-2.6). Compared with having more income, having less income relative to the federal poverty level was associated with increased risk for chronic pain and HICP.

Conclusions:

We found a strong relationship between financial worries, employment for wages, income, and self-reported chronic pain and HICP independent of poor physical health and body mass index. Interventions to reduce chronic pain and HICP should address economic instability and financial stressors.
A grid-shaped cellular modeling approach for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Al-Zoubi Khaldoon , Wainer Gabriel A
Published: May 2022

WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) applications have been widely used in recent years. We introduce a new method for modeling WSN, based on the specification of the WSN using the Cell-Discrete-Event Systems Specification (DEVS) formalism: the space is partitioned into cells where each cell can be considered a sensor, an obstacle, or anything of a behavior with defined rules. This model is then converted automatically into DEVS model at runtime. We present two case studies analyzing the use of energy in WSN member nodes, which have impact on prolonging the overall network lifetime. We study to analyze energy consumption related to routing and data transmission at the node level, and topology residual energy control methods at the cluster level (i.e. group of sensors) level. The goal is to show how these spatial modeling methods can be used for building WSN models in a simple but efficient fashion.
Getting Psyched About Memes in the Psychology Classroom
Authors: Kath Lisa M. , Schmidt Gordon B. , Islam Sayeedul , Jimenez William P. , Hartnett Jessica L.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

Internet memes are a ubiquitous part of internet culture and a common communication tool among students. Because they are a good medium for expressing ideas and concepts in a concise and fun manner, memes are a potentially valuable tool for teaching and engaging students.

Statement of the Problem

Instructors may not know how to use memes in classroom assignments or activities to support learning objectives.

Literature Review

Students finding or creating their own class-related content is an empirically supported way to enhance learning. Instructors can enhance learning by using multimedia approaches (pictures/videos in addition to words), which is a good fit for the use of memes. We include examples of ways that memes have already been used in psychology classrooms.

Teaching Implications

Incorporating meme assignments or activities in the classroom could be beneficial.

Conclusion

We describe how students can explain or generate memes that illustrate concepts related to course material. Instructions and supporting information and resources, as well as calls for research into the effectiveness of the use of memes in the classroom, are included.
The missing majority in child language research: A commentary on Kidd and Garcia (2022)
Authors: Sultana Asifa
Published: May 2022

In this commentary, I refer to the issue of typological differences and how they impact the acquisition data by discussing findings from Bangla. Previous and ongoing studies of the acquisition of Bangla reveal that several claims regarding children’s linguistic trajectory, emerging from some of the well-studied languages, are not confirmed. I also argue that language acquisition research is not adequately supported in the Global South and propose a few ways to support research on under-studied languages.
COVID-19 and (mis)understanding public attitudes to social security: Re-setting debate
Authors: Orton Michael , Sarkar Sudipa
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has seen emerging debate about a possible shift in ‘anti-welfare commonsense’ i.e. the orthodoxy previously described in this journal as solidifying negative public attitudes towards ‘welfare’. While a shift in attitudes might be ascribed to the circumstances of the crisis it would still be remarkable for such a strongly established orthodoxy to have changed quite so rapidly. It is appropriate, therefore, to reflect on whether the ‘anti-welfare’ orthodoxy was in fact as unequivocal as claimed? To address this question, challenges to the established orthodoxy that were emerging pre-pandemic are examined along with the most recently available survey data. This leads to discussion of broader issues relating to understanding attitudes: methodology; ‘messiness’ and ambivalence of attitudes; attitudes and constructions of deservingness; and following or leading opinion. It is argued that the ‘anti-welfare’ orthodoxy has always been far more equivocal than claimed, with consequent implications for anti-poverty action and re-setting debate.
Relationship difficulties and “technoference” during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Zoppolat Giulia , Righetti Francesca , Balzarini Rhonda N. , Alonso-Ferres María , Urganci Betul , Rodrigues David L. , Debrot Anik , Wiwattanapantuwong Juthatip , Dharma Christoffer , Chi Peilian , Karremans Johan C. , Schoebi Dominik , Slatcher Richard B.
Published: May 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has touched many aspects of people’s lives around the world, including their romantic relationships. While media outlets have reported that the pandemic is difficult for couples, empirical evidence is needed to test these claims and understand why this may be. In two highly powered studies ( N = 3271) using repeated measure and longitudinal approaches, we found that people who experienced COVID-19 related challenges (i.e., lockdown, reduced face-to-face interactions, boredom, or worry) also reported greater self and partner phone use (Study 1) and time spent on social media (Study 2), and subsequently experienced more conflict and less satisfaction in their romantic relationship. The findings provide insight into the struggles people faced in their relationships during the pandemic and suggest that the increase in screen time – a rising phenomenon due to the migration of many parts of life online – may be a challenge for couples.
Subacute Balamuthia mandrillaris encephalitis in an immunocompetent patient diagnosed by next-generation sequencing
Authors: Xu Changbo , Wu Xiaoyan , Tan Miaoqin , Wang Dongmei , Wang Shengnan , Wu Yongming
Published: May 2022

Balamuthia mandrillaris is a free-living heterotrophic amoeba found in soil that causes a rare and usually fatal granulomatous amebic encephalitis. We report an immunocompetent patient infected with B. mandrillaris encephalitis diagnosed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Clinical manifestations included sudden headache and epilepsy with disturbance of consciousness. The opening pressure of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was 220 mmH2O, with mildly elevated white blood cell numbers and elevated protein levels. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging revealed abnormal signals in the right frontal lobe, left parietal lobe, and left occipital lobe. CSF NGS detected B. mandrillaris. Albendazole and metronidazole combined with fluconazole were administered to the patient immediately, but his condition deteriorated and he eventually died. Encephalitis caused by B. mandrillaris is rare and has a high mortality rate. Clinical manifestations are complex and diverse, but early diagnosis is very important for successful treatment. This can be aided by the metagenomic NGS of CSF.
Process optimization of compressive property and dimensional error on wood polylactic acid gyroid-structured polymer composite
Authors: Veeman Dhinakaran , Palaniyappan Sabarinathan , Surendhar GJ , Shanmugam Ragavanantham
Published: May 2022

In the fused deposition modeling (FDM) process, various thermoplastic filaments may be used as a feedstock material for the component fabrication. The present study involves incorporating a gyroid structure in wood/polylactic acid (PLA) polymer composite. The strength of the sample may reduce while incorporating lattice structure in PLA polymeric samples. There are certain difficulties due to the wide availability of process parameters that may vary the quality and strength during the fabrication of the sample through the FDM process. Determining the influence of certain important process parameters such as raster angle, layer thickness, and wall thickness is carried out in this research to attain higher mechanical strength and less dimensional error in the geometry of the fabricated sample. Taguchi L9 orthogonal array is used in these experiments to optimize process parameters in the gyroid incorporated samples. The output responses in the present study are compressive strength and dimensional error. Both the output responses were predicted using the ANOVA technique. Both the output responses are greatly influenced by the raster angle with the value of 60.78% in compressive strength and 90.43% in the dimensional error, and Wall thickness is the least influenced process parameter with the value of 7.17% in compressive strength and 0.93% in dimensional error. The sequential order of influencing process parameters in both the compressive strength and dimensional error were raster angle > layer thickness > wall thickness. 31.019 MPa of compressive strength was observed in the confirmational compression test. The prepared composite can be used as a structural material in the replacement of balusters and handrails.
Online Learning is a Rollercoaster: Postsecondary Students With Learning Disabilities Navigate the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Goegan Lauren D. , Le Lily , Daniels Lia M.
Published: May 2022

Most of what researchers know about the challenges students with learning disabilities (LDs) experience during postsecondary education is based on experiences during face-to-face learning on campus. Less is known about challenges students with LD face during learning online—the mode of instruction students had to navigate during the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, the purpose of our research was to examine the lived experience of undergraduate students with LD during their first full semester of online instruction as a result of the pandemic. We interviewed six students in Western Canada and used a phenomenological approach to analyze their experiences. Overall, we extracted six main themes from their interviews. Two of these themes, (a) the broad impact of having LD and (b) accommodations during COVID-19, were specific to being a student with LD. The remaining four themes were more generally related to their overall student experience: (c) online learning is different, (d) the role of others, (e) emotional impact, and (f) resilience and perseverance. We discuss these results in terms of recommendations for future research and teaching in online learning environments.
The Stability of Nursing Home Residents’ Ratings of Importance of Recreation Preferences Over One Year
Authors: Heid Allison R. , Abbott Katherine M. , Rovine Michael J. , Eshraghi Karen , Madrigal Caroline , Crumbie Victoria , Van Haitsma Kimberly
Published: May 2022

Long-term stability of nursing home (NH) residents’ everyday preference remains unknown. We examined 1-year stability in reports of importance of 34-recreational activity preferences (8-MDS 3.0 Section F items; 26- Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory-NH items) by NH residents ( N = 161). We examined mean differences on demographic and clinical characteristics of residents for preferences showing change. Importance ratings of preferences were highly stable over 1-year, with 91% of items retaining the same valence of importance for the majority of the sample (<20% change). Three preferences showed greater change. More functionally able residents were more likely to change their importance on “being with groups of people,” and older residents were more likely to change their preferences for being “involved in religious practices” and “around animals such as pets”. Overall, annual assessments of recreational activity preferences capture an accurate representation of preferences with reassessment only needed in a few circumstances.
A Matched Cohort Analysis for Examining the Association Between Slow Gait Speed and Shortened Longevity in Older Americans
Authors: McGrath Brenda M. , Johnson Pamela Jo , McGrath Ryan , Cawthon Peggy M. , Klawitter Lukus , Choi Bong-Jin
Published: May 2022

This investigation examined the association between slow gait speed, as defined with newly established cut-points, and all-cause mortality in older Americans with a matched cohort analysis. The analytic sample included 10,259 Americans aged ≥65 years from the 2006–2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study. Walking speed was measured in participant residences. Slow gait speed cut-points of <0.60 and <0.75 m/s were used separately for classifying participants as having slow walking speed. Nearest-neighbor propensity score matching was used to match the slow to the not-slow cohorts separately using both cut-points using relevant covariates. Persons with gait speed <0.60 m/s had a 1.42 higher hazard for mortality (95% CI: 1.28–1.57). Older Americans with gait speed <0.75 m/s had a 1.36 higher hazard for mortality (95% CI: 1.23–1.50). Slow gait speed may represent failing health and addressing how slow gait speed could be improved may help with referrals to appropriate interventions.
Maritime India in Dutch sources: The Dutch East India Company port records of Cochin and Bimilipatnam
Authors: Odegard Erik
Published: May 2022

Dutch port records are a valuable source to study the development of shipping in the Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century, especially the important but elusive local short-sea trades. This article presents data from the Dutch port records of Cochin (Kochi) and Bimilipatnam (Bheemunipatnam).
Clinical Outcomes of Early Versus Late Tracheostomy in Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Chong Woon Hean , Tan Chee Keat
Published: May 2022

Background

A significant proportion of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients require admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Tracheostomy is increasingly performed when a prolonged course of IMV is anticipated.

Objectives

To determine clinical and resource utilization benefits of early versus late tracheostomy among COVID-19 patients.

Methods

Pubmed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Embase were used to identify relevant studies comparing outcomes of COVID-19 patients undergoing early and late tracheostomy from January 1, 2020, to December 1, 2021.

Results

Twelve studies were selected, and 2222 critically ill COVID-19 patients hospitalized between January to December 2020 were included. Among the included patients, 34.5% and 65.5% underwent early and late tracheostomy, respectively. Among the included studies, 58.3% and 41.7% defined early tracheostomy using cutoffs of 14 and 10 days, respectively. All-cause in-hospital mortality was not different between the early and late tracheostomy groups (32.9% vs. 33.1%; OR = 1.00; P = 0.98). Sensitivity analysis demonstrated a similar mortality rate in studies using a cutoff of 10 days (34.6% vs. 35.5%; OR = 0.97; P = 0.89) or 14 days (31.2% vs. 27.7%; OR = 1.05; P = 0.78). The early tracheostomy group had shorter ICU length of stay (LOS) (mean: 23.18 vs. 30.51 days; P < 0.001) and IMV duration (mean: 20.49 vs. 28.94 days; P < 0.001) than the late tracheostomy group. The time from tracheostomy to decannulation was longer (mean: 23.36 vs. 16.24 days; P = 0.02) in the early tracheostomy group than in the late tracheostomy group, but the time from tracheostomy to IMV weaning was similar in both groups. Other clinical characteristics, including age, were similar in both groups.

Conclusions

Early tracheostomy reduced the ICU LOS and IMV duration among COVID-19 patients compared with late tracheostomy, but the mortality rate was similar in both groups. The findings have important implications for the treatment of COVID-19 patients, especially in a resource-limited setting.
Mechanisms Underlying Choice-Set Formation: The Case of School Choice in Chile
Authors: Canals Catalina , Maroulis Spiro , Canessa Enrique , Chaigneau Sergio , Mizala Alejandra
Published: May 2022

Many decisions involve selecting among many more options than an individual can effectively examine and consider. Therefore, people usually consider smaller and different “choice sets” as viable options. To better understand the processes affecting choice-set formation, we developed a computational model of how households become aware of potential choices in a context for which understanding household decision-making has important public policy implications: market-based reforms in education. In the model, households learn about the schools to which they can send their children through three mechanisms: find out about geographically proximate schools, access to publicly available information, and information gathered from interactions with other households. We calibrated the model using data from four cities in Chile, where students are not required to attend their neighborhood school. We then used the model to conduct hypothetical computational experiments that assessed how each mechanism impacted the sets of schools known to households before they make their choice (their “awareness set”). We found that the inclusion of a social interaction mechanism was crucial for producing simulated awareness sets that matched the awareness sets provided in a survey conducted by the Chilean Ministry of Education. We also found that the social interaction mechanism played the largest role in determining the quality and price range of the choices available in households’ awareness sets. Our findings highlight the importance of social interactions in a stage of decision-making before the direct impact of other individuals is typically made explicit. Moreover, it validates an approach that can be used in future models where understanding how decision-makers become aware of their options may be as important as the way they choose among them.
Gender Differences in STEM Career Development in Postsecondary Vocational-Technical Education. A Social Cognitive Career Theory Test
Authors: Sevilla María Paola , Snodgrass Rangel Virginia
Published: May 2022

Existing inequalities in STEM-related vocational-technical education (VTE) programs are more prevalent than within 4-year programs. Situated in Chile, this study tests whether Social Cognitive Career Theory (SCCT) adequately explains career development among students enrolled in STEM-VTE programs. In doing so, it also examines how external factors such as supports, barriers, and secondary track differentially affect career development by gender. Using a sample of 698 students in their second year of STEM-VTE studies, we confirmed that the SCCT model produced a good fit for the data in this alternative institutional setting. The findings also showed few gender differences in the effects of external factors on self-efficacy and career expectations, except for teaching support that substantially alters these cognitive factors to more extent among males than females. Moreover, although self-efficacy beliefs were similar between gender, gains in career expectations due to these beliefs are lower for female students. We conclude by discussing implications for future research and practice.
Compatibility and stability of non-ionic iodinated contrast media in peritoneal dialysis solution and safe practice considerations for CT peritoneography
Authors: Rappai Jayan , Crabtree John H , Mancini Ann , Badugu Sudheer Kumar , Kaushal Anuj , Gellens Mary E
Published: May 2022

Background:

Computerised tomographic (CT) peritoneography is performed on peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients to identify peritoneal boundary defects, dialysate maldistributions and loculated fluid collections. Iodinated contrast media are added to dialysate and infused through the dialysis catheter, and CT images are obtained. Chemical compatibility of contrast media with dialysis solutions has not been studied. In some institutions, pharmacists charged with oversight of compounded sterile preparations have placed a moratorium on the use of contrast media-dialysate mixtures until compatibility data become available. This study was undertaken to examine the compatibility of non-ionic iodinated contrast agents added to PD solution for the performance of CT peritoneography.

Methods:

100 mL of three non-ionic iodinated contrast agents, iopamidol 370 mgI/mL, iohexol 300 mgI/mL and iodixanol 320 mgI/mL, were mixed with 2 L 1.5% dextrose PD solution and stored at 2–8°C, 25°C and 40°C. Observations at predefined intervals were made over 5 days for visual appearance, turbidity, pH, drug concentration and chemical degradation.

Results:

Iopamidol, iohexol and iodixanol were stable for 5 days under study conditions. The contrast-dialysate mixture remained clear and colourless, no turbidity changes observed, pH and drug concentrations were stable and no increase in existing impurities or new impurities were detected.

Conclusions:

The addition of commonly used non-ionic iodinated contrast agents to 1.5% dextrose dialysis solution is chemically stable, meeting the criteria set forth in the standards and guidelines of the US Pharmacopeia and the Institute of Safe Medication Practices. A protocol for performing CT peritoneography is recommended herein to facilitate patient safety and diagnostic reliability of the imaging study.