bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectives ofU.S.Drug Policy: Observations and Advice From Drug Policy Administrators in Emerging Democracies in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Bergen‐Cico Dessa
Published: December 2013

There are increasing calls for an end to the war on drugs and criticism of the perceived undue influence of the United States in global drug policies. While the Western Hemisphere has been quite vocal, little is known about the perspectives of the Eastern Hemisphere, notably the emerging democracies of Central and Eastern Europe. To develop a broader world‐view of U.S.‐led drug policies, this qualitative study was undertaken to give voice to policy administrators from Central and Eastern European countries that received drug enforcement and drug policy training from the United States. The participants' narratives reveal a concordance of views that call on the United States to: (a) establish coherent public health focused policies, (b) base drug policies on empirical evidence rather than ideology and political rhetoric, (c) avoid isolationism through authentic engagement, and (d) develop fiscally sustainable policies. Whereas these emerging democracies have not been referenced in the international dialogue calling for changes in U.S.‐led drug policy to date, their perspective of the assets and deficits of U.S.‐led drug policy concord with those of their Latin American and Western European counterparts.
Investigating the near-criticality of the Higgs boson
Authors: Buttazzo Dario , Degrassi Giuseppe , Giardino Pier Paolo , Giudice Gian F. , Sala Filippo , Salvio Alberto , Strumia Alessandro
Published: December 2013

Abstract

We extract from data the parameters of the Higgs potential, the top Yukawa coupling and the electroweak gauge couplings with full 2-loop NNLO precision, and we extrapolate the SM parameters up to large energies with full 3-loop NNLO RGE precision. Then we study the phase diagram of the Standard Model in terms of high-energy parameters, finding that the measured Higgs mass roughly corresponds to the minimum values of the Higgs quartic and top Yukawa and the maximum value of the gauge couplings allowed by vacuum metastability. We discuss various theoretical interpretations of the near-criticality of the Higgs mass.
The Limited Role of Ultrasound in the Diagnostic Process of Colonic Diverticulitis
Authors: Nielsen K. , Richir M. C. , Stolk T. T. , van der Ploeg T. , Moormann G. R. H. M. , Wiarda B. M. , Schreurs W. H.
Published: December 2013

Background

Diverticulitis is commonly diagnosed using ultrasound (US), followed by computed tomography (CT). Our aim was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of US compared with CT for patients with uncomplicated and complicated diverticulitis.

Methods

We reviewed medical records of 232 patients admitted with diverticulitis via the emergency department between January 2009 and January 2011. Patients who had undergone US and a CT scan were identified and further analyzed.

Results

A total of 123 patients underwent an US and a CT scan. In 78/94 patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis, results of US and CT scan were compatible (83 %); in 6 of the remaining 29 patients both modalities showed a complicated diverticulitis (21 %). US misdiagnosed 17 % of patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis and 79 % with complicated diverticulitis.

Conclusions

US is insufficient for diagnosing a complicated diverticulitis. Missing a complicated diverticulitis can have important clinical implications, and if diverticulitis is suspected, we suggest obtaining a CT scan to confirm diagnosis and to exclude complications.
What do we transfer in case discussions? The hidden curriculum in medicine…
Authors: Witman Yolande
Published: December 2013

Medical students and junior doctors learn according to the formal curriculum, but they also learn unwritten rules, the specific logic of the medical world, through a socialization process called ‘the hidden curriculum’. The result of the process seems to be an exclusive professional identity, the medical habitus. This article underlines the importance of the hidden curriculum in medicine, especially in meetings where patients are discussed. These case discussions, common daily rituals in medical practice, demonstrate the dynamic interaction of learning and practice within the medical world. The article illustrates how medical core values are transferred informally and implicitly, and the role of power relations in this process. Not only are residents being assessed and trained in case discussions, but also staff are assessing each other and learning continuously. Therefore, these meetings might significantly contribute to self-regulation in medicine. The significance of the hidden curriculum should not be underestimated. Insights into the dynamics of case discussions may help medical specialists to make the most of this moment of learning and to avoid the pitfalls, for the benefit of both residents and experienced medical specialists.
Media representation of depression in young people: a corpus-based analysis of Irish newspaper coverage
Authors: Tobin G. , Lyddy F.
Published: December 2013

Objectives

Newspaper media are an important source of information regarding mental health and have a significant influence on people’s awareness of, and decision making around, mental health issues. Depression in young people has seen increasing media attention in recent years, but few studies have examined media representation of mental health, specifically in young people. The current study used a quantitative approach to examine the words used in reports concerning depression in young people, in Irish broadsheets, published between 2007 and 2011.

Method

A sample of 269 texts, containing 176 223 words, was collected from three Irish broadsheet newspapers, using the search terms ‘depression’ or ‘depressed’ or ‘mental health’ and ‘youth’ or ‘young people’. A corpus-based approach was used to examine word frequencies, clusters and keywords.

Results

The analysis identified textual patterns, suggesting recurring associations between youth depression and suicide, and, to a lesser extent, alcohol use and bullying. Keywords relating to emotional distress and symptoms of depression were less frequent and sometimes associated with constructions inferring lack of agency (such as ‘suffering from’). A focus on the role of the parents was also evident. Of the professions mentioned, psychiatrists were referred to most often.

Conclusions

The analysis suggests that media coverage of depression in young people accurately reflects concerns reported in surveys by young people, but provides less information that might help in recognising depression in a young person.
Prehistoric Copper Extraction in Britain: Ecton Hill, Staffordshire
Authors: Timberlake Simon
Published: December 2013

Major investigations were undertaken of the Ecton Copper Mines, Staffordshire, following the discovery of hammerstones and a red deer antler tool dating to the Early Bronze Age during surface and underground exploration in the 1990s. Ecton Hill was surveyed, the distribution of hammerstone tools examined, and two identified sites of potential prehistoric mining close to the summit of the hill excavated in 2008 & 2009. Excavations at Stone Quarry Mine revealed noin situprehistoric mining activity, but hammerstones and Early Bronze Age bone mining tools from upcast suggest that an historic mine shaft had intersected Bronze Age workings at around 10–25 m depth. On The Lumb one trench revealed evidence for medieval lead mining, while another examined the lowest of four primitive mines associated with cave-like mine entrances along the base of a small cliff. Evidence for prehistoric mining was recorded within a shallow opencut formed by during extraction of malachite from a layer of mineralised dolomite. Traces of the imprint of at least 18 bone and stone tools could be seen and seven different types of working were identified. Most prehistoric mining debris appears to have been cleared out during the course of later, medieval–post-medieval prospection; some bone and stone tools were recovered from this spoil. The tip of a worn and worked (cut) antler tine point was the only such mining tool foundin situat this site but nine tools were radiocarbon dated toc.1880–1640 calbc. Bayesian modelling of the dates from both sites probably indicates mining over a much briefer period (perhaps 20–50 years) at 1800–1700 calbc, with mining at Stone Quarry possibly beginning earlier and lasting longer than on The Lumb. A single date from The Lumb suggests possible renewed mining activity (or prospection?) during the Middle Bronze Age. The dating of this mining activity is consistent with the idea that mining and prospection moved eastwards from Ireland to Wales, then to central England, at the beginning of the 2nd millenniumbc. At Ecton the extraction of secondary ores may have produced only a very small tonnage of copper metal. The mine workers may have been Early Bronze Age farmers who occupied this part of the Peak District seasonally in a transhumant or sustained way
Five-Dimensional Weakly Exceptional Quotient Singularities
Authors: Sakovics Dmitrijs
Published: December 2013

A singularity is said to be weakly exceptional if it has a unique purely log terminal blow-up. This is a natural generalization of the surface singularities of types Dn, E6, E7 and E8. Since this idea was introduced, quotient singularities of this type have been classified in dimensions up to at most 4. This note extends that classification to dimension 5.
Characterization of biochemical properties of a selenium-independent glutathione peroxidase ofCryptosporidium parvum
Authors: KANG J.-M. , JU H.-L. , SOHN W.-M. , NA B.-K.
Published: December 2013

Glutathione peroxidase (GPx; EC 1.11.1.9) is an important antioxidant enzyme that catalyses the reduction of organic and inorganic hydroperoxides to water in oxygen-consuming organisms, using glutathione as an electron donor. Here, we report the characterization of a GPx ofCryptosporidium parvum(CpGPx). CpGPx contained a standard UGU codon for cysteine instead of a UGA opal codon for seleno-cysteine (SeCys) at the active site, and no SeCys insertion sequence (SECIS) motif was identified within the 3′-untranslated region (UTR) of CpGPx, which suggested its selenium-independent nature.In silicoand biochemical analyses indicated that CpGPx is a cytosolic protein with a monomeric structure. Recombinant CpGPx was active over a wide pH range and was stable under physiological conditions. It showed a substrate preference against organic hydroperoxides, such as cumene hydroperoxide andt-butyl hydroperoxide, but it also showed activity against inorganic hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide. Recombinant CpGPx was not inhibited by potassium cyanide or by sodium azide. The enzyme effectively protected DNA and protein from oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, and was functionally expressed in various developmental stages ofC. parvum. These results collectively suggest the essential role of CpGPx for the parasite's antioxidant defence system.
On Rights to Land, Expulsions, and Corrective Justice
Authors: Moore Margaret
Published: December 2013

This article examines the nature of the wrongs that are inflicted on individuals and groups who have been expelled from the land that they previously occupied, and asks what they might consequently be owed as a matter of corrective justice. I argue that there are three sorts of potential wrongs involved in such expulsions: being deprived of the moral right of occupancy; being denied collective self-determination; and having one's property rights violated. Although analytically distinct, all of these wrongs are likely to be perpetrated when people are expelled from their homelands. Although there is substantial literature on corrective justice dealing with such cases, most of that literature focuses on the expropriation of property only, and is therefore unlikely to grasp the full implications of the wrong done or to reveal the full extent of what might be owed to people as a matter of corrective justice.
Why We Need a Just Rebellion Theory
Authors: Morkevicius Valerie
Published: December 2013

The Arab Spring has generated a variety of responses from the West. While broad political support was voiced for uprisings in Egypt, Tunisia, and Yemen, the responses to protests in Bahrain and Morocco were muted. The swift decision to intervene in Libya stands in marked contrast to the ongoing hand-wringing on Syria. While political realists might see these contradictions as evidence that geopolitical concerns determine foreign policy, from an ethical point of view these responses also reveal a fundamental tension in Western thinking about rebellion. On one hand, rebellion is viewed with a distrustful eye—as a disruptive, chaotic force that threatens to destroy the day-to-day order on which civilization is built. On the other, rebellion is perceived more optimistically—as a regenerative, creative force that can leave a better civilization in its wake. These two radically disparate ways of thinking about rebellion have deep philosophical and theological roots. The pessimistic view has historically dominated just war thought, as James Turner Johnson's contribution to this roundtable illustrates; whereas the perspective of Enlightenment liberalism offers a more optimistic judgment, as found, for example, in the works of Locke and Rousseau.
Palladium-catalyzed P(O)R2 directed C–H arylation to synthesize electron-rich polyaromatic monophosphorus ligands
Authors: Hu Rong-Bin , Zhang Heng , Zhang Xiao-Yu , Yang Shang-Dong
Published: December 2013

A novel pathway for the synthesis of polyaromatic monophosphorus ligands via the P(O)R2 directed palladium-catalyzed arylation of (diisopropylphosphoryl)biphenyl skeleton derivatives was discovered.
Anti-parallel sheet structures of side-chain-free γ-, δ-, and ε-dipeptides stabilized by benzene–pentafluorobenzene stacking
Authors: Wang Ji-Liang , Xu Jia-Su , Wang Dong-Yun , Wang Hui , Li Zhan-Ting , Zhang Dan-Wei
Published: December 2013

Benzene–pentafluorobenzene stacking can guide ω-amino acid dipeptides to arrange in an anti-parallel manner.
A Refutation of the Hypothesis of the Superfidelity of Caricatures Relative to Photographs
Authors: Hagen Margaret A , Perkins David
Published: December 2013

The experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that caricatures, relative to photographs, are ‘superfaithful’ carriers of information for facial recognition. Subjects were shown fifteen pictures of people's faces and were then asked to pick those same people out of a set of fifty-four pictures. There were three sets of pictures: caricatures, profile-view photographs, and three-quarter-view photographs. There were nine groups of subjects: for three groups the exposure and test stimuli were in the same medium, for six groups the test stimuli were in one of the media not previously seen. Points were scored for the number of people correctly identified and the number of false positives. Facial recognition within medium was very good, but was seriously disrupted by any medium shift, especially those involving caricatures. It is argued that the superfidelity of caricature may be manifest only when the task involves recognition of actual persons rather than their pictures.
Judgment of Gender through Facial Parts
Authors: Yamaguchi Masami K , Hirukawa Tastu , Kanazawa So
Published: December 2013

Japanese male and female undergraduate students judged the gender of a variety of facial images. These images were combinations of the following facial parts: eyebrows, eyes, nose, mouth, and the face outline (cheek and chin). These parts were extracted from averaged facial images of Japanese males and females aged 18 and 19 years by means of the Facial Image Processing System. The results suggested that, in identifying gender, subjects performed identification on the basis of the eyebrows and the face outline, and both males and females were more likely to identify the faces as those of their own gender. The results are discussed in relation to previous studies, with particular attention paid to the matter of race differences.
Existence of measures of maximal entropy for 𝒞^{𝓇} interval maps
Authors: Burguet David
Published: December 2013

We show that a

C

r

\mathcal {C}^{r}

(
r
>
1
)

(r>1)

map of the interval

f
:
[
0
,
1
]
→
[
0
,
1
]

f:[0,1]\rightarrow [0,1]

with topological entropy larger than

log
⁡
‖

f
′

‖

∞

r

\frac {\log \|f’\|_{\infty }}{r}

admits at least one measure of maximal entropy. Moreover the number of measures of maximal entropy is finite. It is a sharp improvement of the 2006 paper of Buzzi and Ruette in the case of

C

r

\mathcal {C}^r

maps and solves a conjecture of J. Buzzi stated in his 1995 thesis. The proof uses a variation of a theorem of isomorphism due to J. Buzzi between the interval map and the Markovian shift associated to the Buzzi-Hofbauer diagram.
1-(1-Benzofuran-2-yl)ethanone O-(2,6-difluorobenzyl)oxime
Authors: Kosmalski Tomasz , Gzella Andrzej K.
Published: December 2013

In the title compound, C17H13F2NO2, the 2,2-difluorobenzyloxy residue assumes an E configuration with respect to the benzofuran system. The benzene ring makes a dihedral angle of 61.70 (4)° with the fused ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.008 Å). In the crystal, molecules are connected by weak C—H...F hydrogen bonds into chains extending parallel to the b-axis direction.
10-(4-Chlorophenyl)-14a-hydroxy-12-methyl-8,9,9a,10,12,13,14,14a-octahydro-5H-10a,14-methanoindeno[2′,1′:4,5]azepino[3,4-b]pyrrolizine-5,15(7H,11H)-dione
Authors: Nagalakshmi R.A. , Suresh J. , Malathi K. , Kumar R. Ranjith , Lakshman P. L. Nilantha
Published: December 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C26H25ClN2O3, contains two independent molecules (A and B). The conformation of the two molecules differs essentially in the dihedral angle involving the two benzene rings. They are inclined to one another by 52.47 (10) in A and by 31.75 (11)° in B. In both molecules, the six-membered piperidin-3-one rings have chair conformations. In molecule A, all four five-membered rings have twist conformations. In molecule B, only three of the four five-membered rings have twist conformations. The fourth, of the inden-1-one moiety, has an envelope conformation with the spiro C atom, bonded to the N atom of the pyrrolidine ring, as the flap. A weak intramolecular O—H...N hydrogen bond occurs in each independent molecule while a C—H...O interaction is also observed in molecule A. In the crystal, pairs of O—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming inversion dimers with graph-set motif R
2
2(12). These dimers are further interconnected by C—H...O and C—H...π interactions, forming a three-dimensional network.
Hexane-1,6-diammonium hexafluorosilicate
Authors: Ouasri Ali , Rhandour Ali , Saadi Mohamed , El Ammari Lahcen
Published: December 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title organic–inorganic molecular salt, C6H18N2
2+·SiF6
2−, consists of one anion and one cation together with half of each of two cations and two anions located on inversion centres. The SiF6
2− octahedral anions are arranged to form sheets parallel to (011), which are linked into a three-dimensional network by the organic cations through N—H...F hydrogen bonds.
The Individualisation of Party Politics: The Impact of Changing Internal Decision-Making Processes on Policy Development and Citizen Engagement
Authors: Gauja Anika
Published: December 2013

Research Highlights and Abstract

This article

Applies the theoretical framework of ‘individualisation’ to political parties and policy participation. Suggests a new model of policy development in social democratic parties where increased prominence is given to ordinary citizens and supporters. Presents illustrative case studies of new forms of policy participation, including community consultations and online forums in the UK Labour Party and the Australian Labor Party. Assesses the implications of individualisation on political parties as sites for policy-making, participation and representation.

This article examines the changing nature of the connection between citizens, party members and elites in the creation of party policy through the theoretical prism of individualisation. Using qualitative case studies of recent policy-making initiatives in the Australian Labor Party and the UK Labour Party, the article develops a new model of policy transferal that is not built upon the mass-party model of parliamentary politics, but rather upon organisational evolutions such as community consultations, online participation and supporters' networks. These evolutions, or reforms, typically emphasise the individuality of policy-making and accountability, promote new technologies for facilitating decision-making, and attempt to engage with a new style of politically active citizen. Each of these developments carries implications for how political parties facilitate participation, accountability and responsiveness in modern forms of representative democracy.
Can the use of quality assurance tools reduce the impact of surgical complications on the well‐being of obstetricians and gynaecologists in Australia and New Zealand?
Authors: Varughese Elizabeth , Janda Monika , Obermair Andreas
Published: December 2013

Background

While adverse events primarily affect the patient, surgeons involved can also experience considerable distress.

Aims

The aim of the survey was to assess the impact of complications on the day‐to‐day life, work and health of Australian and New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists and to evaluate existing support systems and coping strategies.

Methods

A 43‐question survey on self‐assessment, quality assurance (QA) tools, impact of complications on individuals' health and relationships, and support available was emailed to fellows, trainees, subspecialists and subspecialty trainees of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (RANZCOG). We collected 606 responses from a target population of 2296 (response rate 26.3%).

Results

When complications occur, sleep was affected of 80%, family and social relationships of 55% and physical health of 48% of respondents. The major sources of support were from colleagues (83%), family (82%) and medical defence organisations (73%), with professional bodies perceived as providing least support. Nearly 80% of respondents felt the need to talk to someone they trust during times of complications. Overall, 100% of respondents used at least one QA tool (62% used two, 26% three and 9% four QA strategies). There were significant differences between respondent groups in use of the QA tools.

Conclusions

Surgical complications have a significant impact on the well‐being of Australian and New Zealand obstetricians and gynaecologists. Existing support comes from colleagues and family, but structured, unbiased support for surgeons from a professional source is urgently warranted.
Goat's milk allergy without cow's milk allergy: suppression of non‐cross‐reactive epitopes on caprine β‐casein
Authors: Hazebrouck S. , Ah‐Leung S. , Bidat E. , Paty E. , Drumare M.‐F. , Tilleul S. , Adel‐Patient K. , Wal J.‐M. , Bernard H.
Published: December 2013

Background and objective

Goat's milk (GM) allergy associated with tolerance to cow's milk (CM) has been reported in patients without history of CM allergy and in CM‐allergic children successfully treated with oral immunotherapy. The IgE antibodies from GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients recognize caprine β‐casein (βcap) without cross‐reacting with bovine β‐casein (βbov) despite a sequence identity of 91%. In this study, we investigated the non‐cross‐reactive IgE‐binding epitopes of βcap.

Methods

Recombinant βcap was genetically modified by substituting caprine domains with the bovine counterparts and by performing site‐directed mutagenesis. We then evaluated the recognition of modified βcap by IgE antibodies from 11 GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients and 11 CM‐allergic patients or by monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against caprine caseins. The allergenic potency of modified βcap was finally assessed by degranulation tests of humanized rat basophil leukaemia (RBL)‐SX38 cells.

Results

Non‐cross‐reactive epitopes of βcap were found in domains 44–88 and 130–178. The substitutions A55T/T63P/L75P and P148H/S152P induced the greatest decrease in IgE reactivity of GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients towards βcap. The pivotal role of threonine 63 was particularly revealed as its substitution also impaired the recognition of βcap by specific mAb, which could discriminate between βcap and βbov. The modified βcap containing the five substitutions was then unable to trigger the degranulation of RBL‐SX38 cells passively sensitized with IgE antibodies from GM‐allergic/CM‐tolerant patients.

Conclusions

Although IgE‐binding epitopes are spread all over βcap, a non‐cross‐linking version of βcap was generated with only five amino acid substitutions and could thus provide new insight for the design of hypoallergenic variants.
Cultural Conundrums: The Ethics of Epidemiology and the Problems of Population in Implementing Pre‐Exposure Prophylaxis
Authors: Fiereck Kirk
Published: December 2013

The impending implementation of pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has prompted complicated bioethical and public health ethics concerns regarding the moral distribution of antiretroviral medications (ARVs) to ostensibly healthy populations as a form ofHIVprevention when millions ofHIV‐positive people still lack access toARVsglobally. This manuscript argues that these questions are, in part, concerns over the ethics of the knowledge production practices of epidemiology. Questions of distribution, and their attendant cost‐benefit calculations, will rely on a number of presupposed, and therefore, normatively cultural assumptions within the science of epidemiology specifically regarding the ability of epidemiologic surveillance to produce accurate maps ofHIVthroughout national populations. Specifically, ethical questions aroundPrEPwill focus onwhoshould receiveARVsgiven the fact that global demand will far exceed supply. Given that sexual transmission is one of the main modes ofHIVtransmission, these questions of‘who’are inextricably linked to knowledge about sexual personhood. As a result, the ethics of epidemiology, and how the epidemiology ofHIVin particular conceives, classifies and constructs sexual populations will become a critical point of reflection and contestation for bioethicists, health activists, physicians, nurses, and researchers in the multi‐disciplinary field of global health. This paper examines how cultural conundrums within the fields of bioethics and public health ethics are directly implicated within the ethics ofPrEP, by analyzing the problems of population inaugurated by the construction of the men who have sex with men (MSM) epidemiologic category in the specific national context ofSouthAfrica.
The role of climate in constraining the elevational range of theWaterPipitAnthus spinolettain an alpine environment
Authors: Melendez Leandro , Laiolo Paola
Published: December 2013

The study of determinants of species’ ranges along elevational gradients may shed light on the ecological factors that constrain their distribution and fundamental niche. We analysed the influence of the climate, habitat at different spatial scales and topography onWaterPipitAnthus spinolettadensity in mountain landscapes across a wide elevational gradient. Variables associated with spring and annual temperature values were the main determinants ofWaterPipit density, especially at the lower distributional limit (700–1200 m asl), where the species avoided warmer areas. At high‐elevation sites (1600–2300 m asl), the main constraint to the species’ distribution was habitat structure and composition, with steep rocky areas being avoided. Highest densities were found in open but locally heterogeneous habitat at intermediate to high elevations, and the habitat variables that played a major role at the landscape scale were medium‐tall shrublands and woodlands, but with contrasting effects depending on elevation. These results suggest that different sets of variables may constrain density, and effects may differ at the upper and lower elevational limits, with climate being more important at lower elevations and local habitat more important at higher elevations. Ongoing global warming is likely to cause an upward shift in range boundaries of alpine species, but local habitat features could constrain the upward expansion, resulting in range contractions accompanying range shift.
Cumulative risk of developing prostate cancer in men with low (≤2.0 ng/mL) prostate‐specific antigen levels: A population‐based screening cohort study in Japan
Authors: Sawada Kiyoshi , Kitagawa Yasuhide , Ito Kazuto , Takeda Yasuo , Mizokami Atsushi , Namiki Mikio
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To investigate the natural history of men with low levels of baseline prostate‐specific antigen in terms of risk of increased prostate‐specific antigen, developing prostate cancer and also the likelihood of detecting clinically insignificant cancer in population‐based screening.

Methods

A total of 10 653 men aged between 55 and 68 years with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 2.0 ng/mL or lower screened annually were enrolled. The cumulative risks of increased prostate‐specific antigen and developing cancer were investigated. The relationships of baseline prostate‐specific antigen with clinicopathological features of screening‐detected cancer were also investigated.

Results

A total of 1405 men (13.2%) showed serum prostate‐specific antigen above 2.0 ng/mL and 68 (0.6%) were diagnosed with prostate cancer during the observation period. Cumulative probabilities of increased prostate‐specific antigen above 2.0 ng/mL over 10 years were 7.7%, 18.3%, 57.3%, and 88.7% in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 0.0–0.5, 0.6–1.0, 1.1–1.5, and 1.6–2.0 ng/mL, respectively. The cumulative probabilities of developing prostate cancer at 4 years in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen of 0.0–1.0 and 1.1–2.0 ng/mL were 0.05% and 1.10%, respectively. Patients with unfavorable clinicopathological features were diagnosed at 3 years, and at 1 year after the initial screening visit in men with baseline prostate‐specific antigen levels of 0.0–1.0 and 1.1–2.0 ng/mL, respectively.

Conclusions

The cumulative probabilities of increased prostate‐specific antigen and developing prostate cancer significantly increase with higher baseline prostate‐specific antigen ranges. Our database could contribute to the establishment of a natural history‐adjusted screening system in the future.
The national inventory of core capabilities for pandemic influenza preparedness and response: an instrument for planning and evaluation
Authors: MacDonald Goldie , Moen Ann C. , St. Louis Michael E.
Published: December 2013

Background

Reviews of the global response to the 2009 pandemic of influenza A/H1N1 affirmed the importance of assessment of preparedness and response capabilities.

Design

The U. S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and partners developed the National Inventory of Core Capabilities for Pandemic Influenza Preparedness and Response (http://www.cdc.gov/flu/international/tools.htm) to collect data on coverage, quality, and timeliness in 12 domains: country planning, research and use of findings, communications, epidemiologic capability, laboratory capability, routine influenza surveillance, national respiratory disease surveillance and reporting, outbreak response, resources for containment, community‐based interventions to prevent the spread of influenza, infection control, and health sector pandemic response. For each of the capabilities, we selected four indicators. Each indicator includes four levels of performance (0–3), ranging from no or limited capability to fully capable.

Results

In 2008, 40 countries in 6 regions of the World Health Organization (WHO) collected data using the instrument. In 2010 and 2012, 36 and 39 countries did so, respectively. Data collection at regular intervals allows changes in preparedness and response capabilities to be documented. In most countries, participants used the instrument and data collected to inform discussion and planning toward improving the country's level of preparedness for pandemic influenza.

Conclusions

The National Inventory provides countries with a systematic method to document the status of their capabilities with regard to pandemic influenza and to assess progress over time. The National Inventory produces data and findings that serve a wide range of users and uses.
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the hemagglutinin of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus induces cross‐protective immunity against Eurasian ‘avian‐like’ H1N1 swine viruses in mice
Authors: Castrucci Maria R. , Facchini Marzia , Di Mario Giuseppina , Garulli Bruno , Sciaraffia Ester , Meola Monica , Fabiani Concetta , De Marco Maria A. , Cordioli Paolo , Siccardi Antonio , Kawaoka Yoshihiro , Donatelli Isabella
Published: December 2013

Objectives

To examine cross‐reactivity between hemagglutinin (HA) derived from A/California/7/09 (CA/09) virus and that derived from representative Eurasian “avian‐like” (EA) H1N1 swine viruses isolated in Italy between 1999 and 2008 during virological surveillance in pigs.

Design

Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) expressing the HA gene of CA/09 virus (MVA‐HA‐CA/09) was used as a vaccine to investigate cross‐protective immunity against H1N1 swine viruses in mice.

Sample

Two classical swine H1N1 (CS) viruses and four representative EA‐like H1N1 swine viruses previously isolated during outbreaks of respiratory disease in pigs on farms in Northern Italy were used in this study.

Setting

Female C57BL/6 mice were vaccinated with MVA/HA/CA/09 and then challenged intranasally with H1N1 swine viruses.

Main outcome measures

Cross‐reactive antibody responses were determined by hemagglutination‐ inhibition (HI) and virus microneutralizing (MN) assays of sera from MVA‐vaccinated mice. The extent of protective immunity against infection with H1N1 swine viruses was determined by measuring lung viral load on days 2 and 4 post‐challenge.

Results and Conclusions

Systemic immunization of mice with CA/09‐derived HA, vectored by MVA, elicited cross‐protective immunity against recent EA‐like swine viruses. This immune protection was related to the levels of cross‐reactive HI antibodies in the sera of the immunized mice and was dependent on the similarity of the antigenic site Sa of H1 HAs. Our findings suggest that the herd immunity elicited in humans by the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus could limit the transmission of recent EA‐like swine HA genes into the influenza A virus gene pool in humans.
Book Review
Authors: Woodman Frank
Published: December 2013

Fan Vaulting: A Study in Form, Technology and Meaning by Walter Leedy Jr., London: Scolar Press, 128 pp., 242 ills. £16.00.
Book Review
Authors: Cooke Lynne
Published: December 2013

Pablo Picasso: A Retrospective (New York, The Museum of Modern Art), edited by William Rubin, New York, 1980, 464pp., 550 ills, 208 colour pls, 181 reference ills, £25 cloth, £9.95 paper

Picasso's Guernica by Frank D. Russell, London: Thames & Hudson, 1980, 334 pp., 450 ills, £12.50

Proudhon, Marx, Picasso by Max Raphael, New Jersey: Humanities Press, London: Lawrence & Wishart, 1980, 174 pp., £8.50

Picasso in Retrospect edited by Sir Roland Penrose and Dr John Golding, London: Granada, 1981 (first pub. 1973), 207 pp., 9 ills, £4.50

Picasso, his life, his art edited by Domenico Porzio and Marco Valsecchi, intro. by John Russell, London: Secker & Warburg, 1979, 108 ills, 164 colour pls, £12.95 cloth, £6.95 paper.
MODERNISM AND MODERN ART HISTORY
Authors: Harrison Charles
Published: December 2013

The Story of Modern Art by Norbert Lynton, Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1980, 382 pp., 212 ills, 85 colour pls, £13.95

The Shock of the New; Art and the Century of Change by Robert Hughes, London: BBC Publications, 1980, 69 ills, 192 colour pls, £15.15
‘HISTORY REPEATS ITSELF AS FARCE’
Authors: Cherry Deborah
Published: December 2013

German Romanticism and English Art by William Vaughan, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980, 308 pp., 173 ills, £22.50

William Dyce, 1806–1864 by Marcia Pointon, with a foreword by Quentin Bell, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979, 229 pp., 163 ills, 1 colour pl., £28

Sir Charles Eastlake and the Victorian Art World by David Allan Robertson, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1978, 468 pp., 200 ills, 2 colour pls, £30.60

William Mulready by Kathryn Moore Heleniak, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1980, 287 pp., 200 ills, 8 colour pls, £25
Reviews
Authors: Lloyd Jill , Powell Cecilia , Tyerman Christopher , Mitchell John
Published: December 2013

The Berlin Secession, Modernism and Its Enemies in Imperial Germany by Peter Paret, Cambridge, Mass, and London: Harvard University Press, 269pp., 11 ills, 2 colour pls, £10.50

Turner en France (Paris, Centre Culturel du Marais) edited by Jacqueline and Maurice Guillaud, 1981, 637 pp., 1,136 ills including colour pls, c. £15

The Lindisfarne Gospels by Janet Backhouse, Oxford: Phaidon Press and Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1979, 96 pp., 42 ills, 28 colour pls, £5.95

The Image of Augustus by Susan Walker and Andrew Burnett, London: British Museum Publications, 1981, 47 pp., 46 ills, £2.95

The Gauls, Celtic Antiquities from France, London: British Museum Publications, 1981, 41 pp., 99 ills, £4.95
LIGHT RELIEF AND SOME COLOUR
Authors: Glynne Jon
Published: December 2013

The Watercolours and Drawings of Thomas Bewick and his Workship Apprentices by Iain Bain, London: Gordon Fraser, 1981, 2 vols, 528 pp., 46 figs, 431 ills, 202 colour pls, £125
JACKSON POLLOCK, PAINTING, AND THE MYTH OF PHOTOGRAPHY
Authors: Orton Fred , Pollock Griselda
Published: December 2013

Pollock Painting photographs by Hans Namuth, edited by Barbara Rose, New York: Agrinde, 1980, unpaginated, 61 ills, £14.95

L'Atelier de Jackson Pollock photographs by Hans Namuth, Paris: Macula/Pierre Brochet, 1978, 104 pp., 80 ills, 50F

Jackson Pollock (Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, Musée National d'Art Moderne), Paris, 1982, 420 pp., 154 ills, 72 colour pls, 135F
ART FOR THE OLIGARCHS
Authors: Gaskell Ivan
Published: December 2013

Gods, Saints and Heroes. Dutch Painting in the Age of Rembrandt (Washington, DC, National Gallery of Art) Washington, DC, 1980, 308 pp., 151 ills, 15 colour pls, c. £11

Printmaking in the Age of Rembrandt (Boston, Museum of Fine Arts) by Clifford S. Ackley, Boston, Mass., 1981, xlviii and 322 pp., 248 ills, 8 colour pls, £70

Carel Fabritius, Complete Edition with a ‘catalogue raisonné‘ by Christopher Brown, Ithaca, NY and Oxford: Cornell University Press and Phaidon, 1981, 168 pp., 106 ills, 4 colour pls, £30

Adriaen van Ostade. Isack van Ostade. Zeichnungen und Aquarelle. Gesamtdarstellung mit Werkkatalogen by Bernhard Schnackenburg, Hamburg: Hauswedell, 1981, 2 vols, I — Text, 335 pp., 126 ills, II – Plates, 266 pp., 631 ils, DM 540

Frans van Mieris the Elder (1635–1681) by Otto Naumann, Doornspijk: Davaco, 1981, 2 vols, I – 292 pp., 208 ills, 10 colour pls; II – 224 pp., 257 ills, 1 colour pl, £120
REVISING OR REVIVING REALISM?
Authors: Pollock Griselda
Published: December 2013

Painters and Peasants in the Nineteenth Century by Richard R. Brettell and Caroline B. Brettell, Geneva: Editions d'Albert Skira and New York: Rizzoli International Publications, 1983, 167 pp., 161 ills in b & w and colour, £39.50

Jules Breton and the French Rural Tradition by Hollister Sturges with contributions by Gabriel P. Weisberg, Annette Bourrut‐Lacouture and Madeleine Fidell‐Beaufort Omaha, Nebraska: Joslyn Art Museum in association with the Arts Publishers, Inc., New York, 1982, 148 pp., ills in b & w and colour

The European Realist Tradition ed. by Gabriel P. Weisberg Indiana University Press, 1982, 324 pp., 185 b & wills, £15
MAKING FACES
Authors: McWilliam Neil
Published: December 2013

A Human Comedy: Physiognomy and Caricature in Nineteenth‐century Paris by Judith Wechsler, London, Thames & Hudson, 1982, 208 pp., 161 ills, £18.50

Physiognomy in the European Novel: Faces and Fortunes by Graeme Tytler, Princeton University Press, 1982, 436 pp., 19 ills, £23.40

Gavarni and the Critics by Therese Dolan Stamm, Ann Arbor, UMI Research Press, Studies in Fine Art Criticism, 1981, 216 pp., 20 ills, £36.75
E PLURIBUS UNUM?
Authors: Anfam David
Published: December 2013

Here The Country Lies by Charles C. Alexander, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1980, 336 pp., £19.50

Forum of Uncertainty by George H. Roeder Jr, Ann Arbor: UMI Research Press, 1980, 299 pp., £29
ANTHROPOLOGY AND ART HISTORY IN AFRICA
Authors: Mack John
Published: December 2013

Art and Death in a Senufo Village by Anita J. Glaze, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1981, 268 pp., 82 b & w and 8 colour ills, map, appendix, glossary, bibliography, index, £25

Mbari, Art and Life among the Owerri Igbo by Herbert M. Cole, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1982, 262 pp., 76 b & w and 12 colour ills, 36 drawings, appendices, bibliography, map, £32.50

Gelede, Art and Female Power among the Yoruba by Henry John Drewal and Margaret Thompson Drewal, Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1983, 306 pp., 170 b & w and 14 colour ills, map, bibliography, index, £32.50

Art Royal Kuba by Joseph Cornet, Milan: Edizioni Sipiel, 1982, 343 pp., 308 b & w and 45 colour ills, maps, charts, bibliography, L 140
KANDINSKY CATALOGUED OR MEMORIALISED?
Authors: Vergo Peter
Published: December 2013

Kandinsky at the Guggenheim by Vivian Endicott Barnett, New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum/Abbeville Press, 1983, 312 pp., many ills & colour pls, £45

Kandinsky in Russland und am Bauhaus 1915–1933, Catalogue of the exhibition held at the Kunsthaus, Zurich, 30 May‐15 July 1984, 303 pp., 65 ills, 304 pls, SFr 46

Kandinsky, Catalogue Raisonné of the Oil‐Paintings, by Hans K. Roethel and Jean K. Benjamin, vol. II, London: Sotheby Publications, 1984, 560 pp., 611 ills, 72 colour pls, £75

Kandinsky, Oeuvres de Vassily Kandinsky (1866–1944). Collections du Musée National d'Art Moderne, Catalogue établi par Christian Derouet et Jessica Boissel, Paris: Centre Georges Pompidou, 1984, 496 pp., illustrated, FFr 280
THE REAL ALGARDI
Authors: Hughes Anthony
Published: December 2013

Alessandro Algardi by Jennifer Montagu, 2 vols, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1985, 487 pp., 494 ills, 8 col. pls, 2 vol. set £65
PRIME SITE FOR REDEVELOPMENT
Authors: Thomson Richard
Published: December 2013

Art of the Nineteenth Century, Painting and Sculpture by Robert Rosenblum and H. W. Janson, London: Thames & Hudson, 1984, 527 pp., 413 ills, 89 col. pls, £25

The Grand Prix de Rome. Paintings from the Ecole des Beaux‐Arts, 1797–1863 by Philippe Grunchec, Washington: International Exhibitions Foundation, 1984–5, 160 pp., 211 ills, 9 col. pls, £13.90

In Pursuit of Perfection: The Art of J.‐A.‐D. Ingres by Patricia Condon and others, Louisville, Kentucky: J.B. Speed Art Museum, 1983–4, 256 pp., 239 ills, 64 col. pls, 35 dollars

Henri Lehmann, 1814–1882. Catalogue raisonné de l'oeuvre by Marie‐Madeleine Aubrun, 2 vols, Paris: L'Association des Amis de Henri Lehmann, 1984, 609 pp., 1295 ills, 10 col. pls, 850 francs

William Bouguereau, 1825–1905 by Louise d'Argencourt and others, Paris: Petit Palais, etc., 1984–5, 269 pp., 255 ills, 14 col. pls, 120 francs

Jean‐Léon Gérôme, 1824–1904 by Gilles Gugnier and others, Musée de Vesoul, 1981, 190 pp., 243 ills, 16 col. pls, 100 francs

Catalogue des dessins de Gustave Moreau by Paul Bittier and Pierre‐Louis Mathieu, Paris: Musée Gustave Moreau/Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 1983, 227 pp., 101 ills, 170 francs

James Tissot by Michael Wentworth, Oxford University Press, 1984, 227 pp., 204 ills, 6 col. pls, £50

James Tissot ed. Krystyna Matyjaszkiewicz, Oxford: Phaidon Press, 1984, 144 pp., 240 ills, 32 col. pls, £17.50/£9.95

De Carpeaux à Matisse. La Sculpture française de 1850 à 1914 dans les musées et les collections publiques du Nord de la France, Calais: Musée des Beaux‐Arts, etc., 1982, 345 pp., 253 ills, 110 francs

French Salon Paintings from Southern Collections by Eric M. Zafran, Atlanta: High Museum of Art, etc., 1983, 173 pp., 73 ills, 21 col. pls, £12.80

The Nineteenth Century Paintings in the Walters Art Gallery by William R. Johnston, Baltimore, 1982, 208 pp., 274 ills, 36 col. pls, £40
THE ICONOGRAPHY OF A CITY
Authors: Tinios Ellis
Published: December 2013

Hiroshige: One Hundred Famous Views of Edo with introductory essays by Amy G. Poster and Henry D. Smith II, commentaries on the plates by Henry D. Smith II, preface by Robert Buck. Thames & Hudson, 1986, 256 pp., 119 colour plates, 2 figures, 1 map, £55
TURNER: ACTION, WORD AND IMAGE
Authors: Powell Cecilia
Published: December 2013

J. M. W. Turner: ‘A Wonderful Range of Mind’ by John Gage, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987, 262 pp., 150 b & w ills, 170 colour plates, £19.95

The Apocalyptic Sublime by Morton D. Paley, New Haven and London: Yale University Press 1986, 196 pp., 85 b & w ills, 7 colour plates, £30

Turner in his Time by Andrew Wilton, London: Thames & Hudson, 1987, 256 pp., 308 ills including 65 in colour, £25
RIVERA REVIVED
Authors: Baddeley Oriana
Published: December 2013

Diego Rivera, A Retrospective edited by Cynthia Newman Helms, New York and London: Founders Society, Detroit Institute of Arts and the Hayward Gallery, South Bank Centre in association with W. W. Norton and Company, 1986, with essays by Laurance P. Hurlburt, Francis V. O'Connor, Luis Cardoza y Aragón, et al., 372 pp., 248 ills. many in colour, £25

The Murals of Diego Rivera by Desmond Rochfort, London: Journeyman Press and the South Bank Board, 1987, 103 pp., 37 colour ills., 82 b. & w. ills., £12.95
THE REMAKING OF BRITISH LANDSCAPE PAINTING
Authors: Vaughan William
Published: December 2013

Landscape and Ideology: The English Rural Tradition, 1740–1860 by Ann Bermingham, Thames and Hudson, 1987, 254 pp., 8 colour plates, 88 b. & w. ills., £25

The Bonington Circle: English Watercolour and Anglo‐French Landscape 1790–1855 by Marcia Pointon, The Hendon Press, 1985, 164 pp., 23 b. & w. ills., £8.50
‘ADMIRABLE REVISIONISM’: HASKELL'S NINETEENTH CENTURY
Authors: Duro Paul
Published: December 2013

Past and Present in Art and Taste: Selected Essays by Francis Haskell, New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1987, 255 pp., 215 b. & w. illus., £20
THE MAJOR MINOR ARTS OF ISLAM
Authors: Hillenbrand Robert
Published: December 2013

Lustre Pottery. Technique, Tradition and Innovation in Islam and the Western World by Alan Caiger‐Smith, London: Faber and Faber, 1985, 246 pp., 33 colour plates, 118 b. and w. illus., £35

Persian Lustre Ware by Oliver Watson, London: Faber and Faber, 1985, 209 pp., 16 colour plates, 148 b. and w. illus., £40

Syria and Iran. Three Studies in Medieval Ceramics edited by James Allan and Caroline Roberts, Oxford University Press, 1987, 248 pp., 231 b. and w. illus., £37.50

Studies in Islamic Art by Ralph Pinder‐Wilson, London: The Pindar Press, 1985, 326 pp., 241 b. and w. illus., £50

The Illustrations of the Maqamat by Oleg Grabar, Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1984, 195 pp., 723 b. and w. illus. on 9 fiches, $40

Shah Jahan and Orpheus. The Pietre Dure Decoration and the Programme of the Throne in the Hall of Public Audiences at the Red Fort of Delhi by Ebba Koch, Graz: Akademische Druck‐ und Verlagsanstalt, 1988, 56 pp., 33 colour plates, 31 b. and w. Illus.

The Topkapi Saray Museum. Costumes, Embroideries and Other Textiles by Hülye Tezcan and Selma Delibaş, translated, expanded and edited by J.M. Rogers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1986, 216 pp., 136 colour plates, £70

The Topkapi Saray Museum. Carpets by Hülye Tezcan, translated, expanded and edited by J.M. Rogers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1987, 248 pp., 98 colour plates, £70

The Topkapi Saray Museum. The Treasury by Cengiz Köseoĝlu, translated, expanded and edited by J.M. Rogers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1987, 215 pp., 124 colour plates, £70

The Topkapi Saray Museum. The Albums and Illustrated Manuscripts by Filiz Çaĝman and Zeren Tanindi, translated, expanded and edited by J.M. Rogers, London: Thames and Hudson, 1986, 280 pp., 181 colour plates, £70