bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos
Authors: Leão Luana Da Costa
Published: February 2018

Resenha da obra "A Constelação Pós-Nacional: Ensaios Políticos" (HABERMAS, Jürgen. A constelação pós-nacional: ensaios políticos. Tradução de Márcio Seligmann-Silva. São Paulo: Littera Mundi, 2001).
Teaching Accounting in English in Higher Education – Does the Language Matter?
Authors: Cai Huan , Wang Meining , Yang Yingmei
Published: February 2018

Learning business related courses, especially accounting, in English is a challenge for many Chinese students. The purpose of this study is to provide some insights into the role of the language in accounting learning. We investigate this issue in the program of Teaching Business Related Courses in English for undergraduate students at Guangdong University of Foreign Studies. Accounting courses in English at GDUFS are taught to two different groups: English majors with higher English proficiency who are required to receive 2 years of intensive training in listening, speaking, reading and writing before taking the accounting course in English and non-English majors who do not receive the same level of English training as English majors do. We find that there is no direct significant relationship between accounting learning and students’ English proficiency but we do find a strong correlation between students’ analytical ability and their accounting learning instructed in English. We also find that motivation, specifically students’ clear career path in the accounting field, plays an important role in determining their performance in accounting learning. The findings in this paper have meaningful implications for the feasibility of teaching non-English majors accounting in English and for designing a good learning environment in English educational settings.
Creating Curriculum of English for Conservative Tourism for Junior Guides to Promote Tourist Attractions in Thailand
Authors: Wimontham Onsiri
Published: February 2018

This research was supported the research fund of 2017 by Office of the Higher Education Commission of Thailand. The objectives of this research are listed below.1). To form the model of teaching and learning English for local development by English curriculum (B. Ed.) students’ participation in training on out-of-classroom learning management, which focuses on the students’ English skills improvement along with developing the sense of love of their home towns.2). To create curriculum of English training for conservative tourism for junior guides in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province.3). To promote conservative tourist attractions in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province among foreign tourists, and to boost the local economy so that young generations can earn income and rely on themselves in the future.An interesting result from the research was more income gained from tourism in Sung Noen District, Nakhon Ratchasima Province between April 2016 and June in the same year. The junior guides’ ability to communicate and provide information about tourism in English was evaluated. This result also accorded with the evaluation done by the youth and stakeholders on the curriculum of English for conservative tourism for junior guides, and 75 percent considered it very good, matching with the synthesis from the interview. The curriculum was created to be applicable to the local tourism context and match the need of users.
THE ROLE OF ANALYTICAL APPROACH IN PLANNING OPERATING EXPENSES OF AN ENTERPRISE
Authors: Chrobak Gracjan
Published: February 2018

Generating economic benefits from the sale of “labor effects” precedes expenses incurrence. The basic criterion for grouping them is a nature of expense method. From the point of view of planning manufacturing processes in an enterprise, it is important to learn about the future expenses estimates, thanks to the use of one of a priori cost accounting systems. The aim of the paper is to review analytical functions for determining the estimated expenses from operating activities, to study the effectiveness thereof against the mechanical approach. The following research theses have been included in the study. Within the analytical approach, due to the non-linearity of the costs by nature, the “good” quality of their “projection” in the depicted enterprise provides a logarithmic curve. Achieving the minimum amount of mean error (ME) of this function in the control area implies the accuracy of the forecast. For the expenses, which are not determined as by nature, satisfactory prediction accuracy appears to be “supplied” by the Holt and Winters models, taking into account possibility of seasonal fluctuations. Each time the distance between the standard deviation of residuals (SE) and the root of mean squared error (MSE) is a necessary condition, whereas the minimization of mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) within the control range a sufficient condition for this fit.
Personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team
Authors: Piepiora Paweł , Superson Magdalena , Witkowski Kazimierz
Published: February 2018

Introduction. A positive relationship is recognised in literature between strength and body weight. On that basis a division into weight categories has been introduced in many combat sports. Nutritional behaviours are influenced by a number of factors that indirectly affect body weight. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between personality and the body composition of athletes using the example of the Polish national youth female wrestling team.
Material and methods. The study consisted in the performance of a personality evaluation using the NEO-FFI questionnaire and a body composition analysis using a TANITA BC-418 analyser. 15 athletes from the Polish national youth female wrestling team aged (20.26 ± 1.43 years) participated in the study.
Results. The study showed a lack of relationship between personality and body composition in members of the national wrestling team.
Conclusions. Research points to a relationship between nutritional behaviours and satisfying not only the physiological, but also psychological needs of the body. A thorough investigation of this mechanism and of the possibility of its application may be very helpful, especially for combat sport athletes. The ability to optimise body weight, without the necessity of ensuring its fast reduction during the pre-start period, may have a significant impact on a person’s results.
Deuil adapté et deuil traumatique chez l’adolescent
Authors: Romano Hélène
Published: February 2018

L’adolescence est une période de deuils multiples. Si la confrontation aux pertes de l’enfance fait partie du processus lié à cette période de la vie, la mort d’un proche est une épreuve de perte bien particulière surtout en contexte traumatique. C’est-à-dire quand l’adolescent est présent au moment du décès et/ou qu’il a échappé lui-même à la mort dans l’événement qui l’a endeuillé. L’objectif de cet article est d’aborder ce sujet peu traité du deuil adapté et du deuil traumatique chez l’adolescent.
Suicide et jeunes générations : se représenter la mort
Authors: Le Breton David
Published: February 2018

Les jeunes ne possèdent pas de la mort la vision fatale et irréversible qui est celle de leurs aînés ; elle n’est pas perçue comme une destruction de soi, elle n’a pas le sens de la fin de l’existence. Dans le cas des tentatives de suicide le souci est moins de mourir que de ne plus être là, de se dépouiller de la souffrance.
Le Marchand de Venise : le pari et la dette, le jeu et la loi
Authors: Ost François
Published: February 2018

Le Marchand de Venise est tenu, à raison, pour une des pièces les plus juridiques de W. Shakespeare, avec Mesure pour mesure. Au coeur du débat, la fameuse clause pénale que l’armateur vénitien Antonio se laisse imposer par le prêteur juif de la place, Shylock : une livre de chair prélevée sur son propre corps, en cas de défaut de paiement. On en retient généralement la tirade de Portia plaidant en faveur de la miséricorde (mercy) du prêteur. Et on lit la pièce comme l’illustration du procès éternel entre la lettre et l’esprit, le formalisme juridique et l’équité. La présente contribution entend discuter cette interprétation traditionnelle en replaçant l’intrigue dans son contexte socio-historique : le casino vénitien, ses jeux de séduction et de pouvoir, et le nécessaire financement des aventures d’Antonio par le ghetto. Mais au-delà de l’analyse juridique et du décryptage sociologique, c’est d’une lecture anthropologique que relève l’écriture de Shakespeare. On comprend alors la pièce comme un affrontement de passions juridiques radicalisées. Pour Shylock, le billet à ordre, assorti de la fameuse clause, est l’occasion d’assouvir enfin une vengeance nourrie d’un ressentiment séculaire. Pour Antonio, joueur invétéré, toute l’affaire est l’occasion de jouer son ultime « va-tout » et de jouir à l’avance d’une partie de « qui perd gagne » — car un armateur vénitien ne peut pas perdre, n’est-ce pas, face à un prêteur juif.
“Vuelan las imágenes”
Authors: Perales Blanco Verónica
Published: February 2018

Reseña sobre el libro  Secuencias de la experiencia, estadios de lo visible. Aproximaciones al videoarte español, editado por Ana Martínez Collado; José Luis Panea (2017).
La idea de tradición en la estética de Jan Mukarovsky
Authors: Sanz García Raúl
Published: February 2018

El presente artículo rastrea el uso de la idea de tradición en la estética de Jan Mukarovsky. Dicha idea no aparece entre sus principales conceptos, pero su identificación con la idea de estructura la coloca en un lugar prominente para captar el aspecto social y dinámico de los hechos estéticos y artísticos. A través del análisis de los hitos más significativos de la obra de Mukarovsky –la estructura, la norma, el valor, la función estética, el objeto estético, la recepción y la intencionalidad–, se alumbra una noción de tradición viva como proceso estructural desde el cual comprender los cambios históricos en las prácticas artísticas. A partir de ahí, es posible establecer una dialéctica entre lo tradicional y lo innovador, entre prácticas que afirman las normas y aquellas que las transgreden. El resultado es una idea de tradición como estructura dinámica y flexible no solo capaz de asimilar las transgresiones, sino necesaria para estas se den. This article looks into the use of the idea of tradition in Jan Muka?ovský’s aesthetics. This idea doesn’t appear as one of his principal concepts, but its identification with the idea of structure places it in a prominent position to research the social and dynamic aspect of the aesthetics and artistic phenomena. Through the analysis of the principal elements of Muka?ovský’s thought –structure, norm, value, aesthetic function, aesthetic object, reception and intentionality–, we can illuminate a notion of living tradition as a structural process from which to understand the historical changes of the artistic practices. Hereupon, is possible to establish a dialectic relation between tradition andinnovation, between practices that maintains the norms and those which transgresses them. The conclusion is an idea of tradition as a dynamicand flexible structure not only able to assimilate transgression, but also necessary for it.
De la visión y el espanto: el tacto suspendido y la experiencia ante el límite
Authors: Torres Sánchez Rayiv David
Published: February 2018

En la pintura del pintor bogotano Epifanio Garay (1849-1903), “La mujer del Levita”, la fascinación y el espanto entran en escena. El acto representado da pie para formular un diálogo con lo que sugería Pascal Quignard cuando decía que para los romanos “el sexo estaba ligado al espanto”. A partir de esta premisa, las próximas páginas se proponen dialogar con todo aquello que para los antiguos prefiguraba la interdicción ante todo cadáver: “no tocar”. Sin embargo, se verá que todo se juega en el momento en que, en la escena de la pintura, el tacto se suspende y la prohibición es puesta en suspenso. La mirada del horror, la mirada tautológica, los ojos del éxtasis, son algunos de los canales de entrada de este artículo para descubrir lo que yace detrás de una escena donde las posiciones no son estables y la mirada es discontinua. El gusto romano por “la bella muerte”, o bien, lo que Georges Bataille llamó la “nostalgia por la muerte”, dibuja para nosotros un paradigma con respecto a la sospecha de un lazo, no sólo entre la fascinación, la belleza, la muerte y el erotismo, sino también la prescripción de las imágenes que preservan para sí lo irrepresentable.In the painting of bogotan painter Epifanio Garay (1849-1903), “The woman of the Levite”, fascination and horror come into scene. The act helps developing a dialogue with the suggesting argument of Pascal Quignard when he said that forRomans “sex was linked to the terror”. From this premise, the following pages are proposed dialogue with all what the ancient foreshadowed the ban primarily corpse: “do not touch”. However, will be that everything is played at the time, on the stage of the painting, touch is suspended and the ban is put on hold. The look of horror, the tautological look, the eyes of ecstasy, are some of the channels of entry of this article to discover what lies behind a scene where the positions are not stable and the eyes is discontinuous. The Roman taste for“beautiful death”, or, what Georges Bataille called “nostalgia for death”, draws for us a paradigm with respect to the suspicion of a loop, not just among the fascination, beauty, death and eroticism, but also prescription of the images that preserve for himself the unrepresentable.
Épica en el arte: el caso de la canción de autor
Authors: Sierra Fernández Gustavo
Published: February 2018

Existe el concepto de épica que todo el mundo conoce más o menos: las hazañas heroicas de una persona individual. Pero debajo de él subyacen otras concepciones, como es la lucha cotidiana de héroes anónimos que se enfrentan cada día a su existencia, y que en cuanto dichas luchas tienen rasgos comunes entre personas parecidas, se convierte en una epopeya; también es concebible como la lucha histórica de un grupo marinado por el reconocimiento de sus derechos y su supervivencia. El arte se ha ocupado de estas otras nociones, especialmentea partir del siglo XIX, con el surgimiento de lo social en él, tratando de dotar a esas personas de dignidad histórica. En estas páginas, examinaremos el caso especial de la canción de autor surgida entre los años 60 y 70. There is the concept of epic known by the most: the heroic feats of one individual person. But under that, other conceptions underlies, as the dailyfight of anonymous heroes who face to their existence every day, and, as those struggles have some common characteristics between similar people, itturns into epos; also is conceivable as the historic struggle of emarginated group for the recognition of their rights and survivor. Art has looked after these notions, specially after XIX century, with the rising of the social matter on it, trying to give historical dignity to those people. Along these pages, we shall examine the special case of the Spanish protest song, rising between the 60s and the 70s.
Sturm und Drang. El drama del genio y Shakespeare
Authors: García Vázquez Milagros
Published: February 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es exponer los vínculos existentes entre el arte dramático y el origen del movimiento literario alemán Sturm und Drang a partir de  la propia denominación inspirada en el título de una obra teatral y de la figura de Shakespeare como prototipo del genio, siendo éste uno de los conceptos capitales en la poética de los componentes de dicho grupo literario. De este modo, las artes escénicas se presentan como marco para una de las corrientes de pensamiento estético que prepararán el terreno al Romanticismo, así como de uno de los grandes impulsos en el desarrollo del sujeto moderno, como es el Sturm und Drang.
Molecular mechanism to target the endosomal Mon1-Ccz1 GEF complex to the pre-autophagosomal structure
Authors: Gao Jieqiong , Langemeyer Lars , Kümmel Daniel , Reggiori Fulvio , Ungermann Christian
Published: February 2018

During autophagy, a newly formed double membrane surrounds its cargo to generate the so-called autophagosome, which then fuses with a lysosome after closure. Previous work implicated that endosomal Rab7/Ypt7 associates to autophagosomes prior to their fusion with lysosomes. Here, we unravel how the Mon1-Ccz1 guanosine exchange factor (GEF) acting upstream of Ypt7 is specifically recruited to the pre-autophagosomal structure under starvation conditions. We find that Mon1-Ccz1 directly binds to Atg8, the yeast homolog of the members of the mammalian LC3 protein family. This requires at least one LIR motif in the Ccz1 C-terminus, which is essential for autophagy but not for endosomal transport. In agreement, only wild-type, but not LIR-mutated Mon1-Ccz1 promotes Atg8-dependent activation of Ypt7. Our data reveal how GEF targeting can specify the fate of a newly formed organelle and provide new insights into the regulation of autophagosome-lysosome fusion.
Decision‐Making for Systemic Water Risks: Insights From a Participatory Risk Assessment Process in Vietnam
Authors: Wyrwoll Paul R. , Grafton R. Quentin , Daniell Katherine A. , Chu Hoang Long , Ringler Claudia , Lien Le Thi Ha , Khoi Dang Kim , Do Thang Nam , Tuan Nguyen Do Anh
Published: February 2018

Systemic threats to food‐energy‐environment‐water systems require national policy responses. Yet complete control of these complex systems is impossible and attempts to mitigate systemic risks can generate unexpected feedback effects. Perverse outcomes from national policy can emerge from the diverse responses of decision‐makers across different levels and scales of resource governance. Participatory risk assessment processes can help planners to understand subnational dynamics and ensure that policies do not undermine the resilience of social‐ecological systems and infrastructure networks. Researchers can play an important role in participatory processes as both technical specialists and brokers of stakeholder knowledge on the feedbacks generated by systemic risks and policy decisions. Here, we evaluate the use of causal modeling and participatory risk assessment to develop national policy on systemic water risks. We present an application of the Risks and Options Assessment for Decision‐Making (ROAD) process to a district of Vietnam where national agricultural water reforms are being piloted. The methods and results of this project provide general insights about how to support resilient decision‐making, including the transfer of knowledge across administrative levels, identification of feedback effects, and the effective implementation of risk assessment processes.
Multiscale Currents Observed by MMS in the Flow Braking Region
Authors: Nakamura Rumi , Varsani Ali , Genestreti Kevin J. , Le Contel Olivier , Nakamura Takuma , Baumjohann Wolfgang , Nagai Tsugunobu , Artemyev Anton , Birn Joachim , Sergeev Victor A. , Apatenkov Sergey , Ergun Robert E. , Fuselier Stephen A. , Gershman Daniel J. , Giles Barbara J. , Khotyaintsev Yuri V. , Lindqvist Per‐Arne , Magnes Werner , Mauk Barry , Petrukovich Anatoli , Russell Christopher T. , Stawarz Julia , Strangeway Robert J. , Anderson Brian , Burch James L. , Bromund Ken R. , Cohen Ian , Fischer David , Jaynes Allison , Kepko Laurence , Le Guan , Plaschke Ferdinand , Reeves Geoff , Singer Howard J. , Slavin James A. , Torbert Roy B. , Turner Drew L.
Published: February 2018

We present characteristics of current layers in the off‐equatorial near‐Earth plasma sheet boundary observed with high time‐resolution measurements from the Magnetospheric Multiscale mission during an intense substorm associated with multiple dipolarizations. The four Magnetospheric Multiscale spacecraft, separated by distances of about 50 km, were located in the southern hemisphere in the dusk portion of a substorm current wedge. They observed fast flow disturbances (up to about 500 km/s), most intense in the dawn‐dusk direction. Field‐aligned currents were observed initially within the expanding plasma sheet, where the flow and field disturbances showed the distinct pattern expected in the braking region of localized flows. Subsequently, intense thin field‐aligned current layers were detected at the inner boundary of equatorward moving flux tubes together with Earthward streaming hot ions. Intense Hall current layers were found adjacent to the field‐aligned currents. In particular, we found a Hall current structure in the vicinity of the Earthward streaming ion jet that consisted of mixed ion components, that is, hot unmagnetized ions, cold E × B drifting ions, and magnetized electrons. Our observations show that both the near‐Earth plasma jet diversion and the thin Hall current layers formed around the reconnection jet boundary are the sites where diversion of the perpendicular currents take place that contribute to the observed field‐aligned current pattern as predicted by simulations of reconnection jets. Hence, multiscale structure of flow braking is preserved in the field‐aligned currents in the off‐equatorial plasma sheet and is also translated to ionosphere to become a part of the substorm field‐aligned current system.
On the Occurrence of Afternoon Counter Electrojet Over Indian Longitudes During June Solstice in Solar Minimum
Authors: Pandey Kuldeep , Sekar R. , Anandarao B. G. , Gupta S. P. , Chakrabarty D.
Published: February 2018

Studies made earlier using ground‐based observations of geomagnetic field over the Indian longitudes revealed that the occurrence of equatorial counter electrojet (CEJ) events in afternoon hours is more frequent during June solstice (May‐June‐July‐August) in solar minimum than in other periods. In general, the June solstice solar minimum CEJ events occur between 1500 local time (LT) and 1800 LT with peak strength of about −10 nT at around 1600 LT. In order to understand the frequent occurrence of these CEJ events, an investigation is carried out using an equatorial electrojet model (Anandarao, 1976, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL003i009p00545) and the empirical vertical drift model by Fejer et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012801). The strength, duration, peak value, and the occurrence time of CEJ obtained using electrojet model match remarkably well with the corresponding observation of average geomagnetic field variations. The occurrence of CEJ is found to be due to solar quiet (Sq) electric field in the westward direction which is manifested as downward drift in Fejer et al. (2008, https://doi.org/10.1029/2007JA012801) model output during 1500–1800 LT. Further, the occurrence of afternoon reversal of Sq electric field in this season is shown to be consistent with earlier studies from Indian sector. Therefore, this investigation provides explicit evidence for the role of westward Sq electric field on the generation of afternoon CEJ during June solstice in solar minimum periods over the Indian sector indicating the global nature of these CEJ events.
Large‐Scale Survey of the Structure of the Dayside Magnetopause by MMS
Authors: Paschmann G. , Haaland S. E. , Phan T. D. , Sonnerup B. U. Ö. , Burch J. L. , Torbert R. B. , Gershman D. J. , Dorelli J. C. , Giles B. L. , Pollock C. , Saito Y. , Lavraud B. , Russell C. T. , Strangeway R. J. , Baumjohann W. , Fuselier S. A.
Published: February 2018

This paper describes the generation and initial utilization of a database containing 80 vector and scalar quantities, for a total of 8,670 magnetopause and magnetosheath current sheet crossings by MMS1, using plasma and magnetic field data from the Fast Plasma Investigation, Fluxgate Magnetometer, and Hot Plasma Composition Analyzer instruments, augmented by solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field data from CDAWeb. Based on a determination of the current sheet width, measured and calculated vector and scalar quantities are stored for the two sides of the current sheet and for selected times within the current sheet. The only manual operations were the classification of the current sheets according to the type of boundary, the character of the magnetic field transition, and the quality of the current sheet fit. To characterize the database, histograms of selected key quantities are presented. We then give the statistics for the duration, motion, and thicknesses of the magnetopause current sheet, using single‐spacecraft techniques for the determination of the normal velocities, obtaining median results of 12.9 s, 38.5 km/s, and 705.4 km, respectively. When scaled to the ion inertial length, the median thickness became 12.6; there were no thicknesses less than one. Next, we apply the Walén relation to find crossings that are rotational discontinuities and thus may indicate ongoing magnetic reconnection. For crossings where the velocities in the outflow region exceed the velocity on the magnetosheath side by at least 250 km/s, 47% meet our rotational discontinuity criteria. If we require the outflow to exceed 250 km/s along the L direction, then the percentage rises to 68%.
Investigating the Uncertainty in Global SST Trends Due to Internal Variations Using an Improved Trend Estimator
Authors: Lian Tao , Shen Zheqi , Ying Jun , Tang Youmin , Li Junde , Ling Zheng
Published: February 2018

A new criterion was proposed recently to measure the influence of internal variations on secular trends in a time series. When the magnitude of the trend is greater than a theoretical threshold that scales the influence from internal variations, the sign of the estimated trend can be interpreted as the underlying long‐term change. Otherwise, the sign may depend on the period chosen. An improved least squares method is developed here to further reduce the theoretical threshold and is applied to eight sea surface temperature (SST) data sets covering the period 1881–2013 to investigate whether there are robust trends in global SSTs. It is found that the warming trends in the western boundary regions, the South Atlantic, and the tropical and southern‐most Indian Ocean are robust. However, robust trends are not found in the North Pacific, the North Atlantic, or the South Indian Ocean. The globally averaged SST and Indian Ocean Dipole indices are found to have robustly increased, whereas trends in the zonal SST gradient across the equatorial Pacific, Niño 3.4 SST, and the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation indices are within the uncertainty range associated with internal variations. These results indicate that great care is required when interpreting SST trends using the available records in certain regions and indices. It is worth noting that the theoretical threshold can be strongly influenced by low‐frequency oscillations, and the above conclusions are based on the assumption that trends are linear. Caution should be exercised when applying the theoretical threshold criterion to real data.
Contrasting Heat Budget Dynamics During Two La Niña Marine Heat Wave Events Along Northwestern Australia
Authors: Xu Jiangtao , Lowe Ryan J. , Ivey Gregory N. , Jones Nicole L. , Zhang Zhenling
Published: February 2018

Two marine heat wave events along Western Australia (WA) during the alternate austral summer periods of 2010/2011 and 2012/2013, both linked to La Niña conditions, severely impacted marine ecosystems over more than 12° of latitude, which included the unprecedented bleaching of many coral reefs. Although these two heat waves were forced by similar large‐scale climate drivers, the warming patterns differed substantially between events. The central coast of WA (south of 22°S) experienced greater warming in 2010/2011, whereas the northwestern coast of WA experienced greater warming in 2012/2013. To investigate how oceanic and atmospheric heat exchange processes drove these different spatial patterns, an analysis of the ocean heat budget was conducted by integrating remote sensing observations, in situ mooring data, and a high‐resolution (∼1 km) ocean circulation model (Regional Ocean Modeling System). The results revealed substantial spatial differences in the relative contributions made by heat advection and air‐sea heat exchange between the two heat wave events. During 2010/2011, anomalous warming driven by heat advection was present throughout the region but was much stronger south of 22°S where the poleward‐flowing Leeuwin Current strengthens. During 2012/2013, air‐sea heat exchange had a much more positive (warming) influence on sea surface temperatures (especially in the northwest), and when combined with a more positive contribution of heat advection in the north, this can explain the regional differences in warming between these two La Niña‐associated marine heat wave events.
Origins of Eddy Kinetic Energy in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Chen Gengxin , Li Yuanlong , Xie Qiang , Wang Dongxiao
Published: February 2018

By analyzing satellite observational data and ocean general circulation model experiments, this study investigates the key processes that determine the spatial distribution and seasonality of intraseasonal eddy kinetic energy (EKE) within the Bay of Bengal (BOB). It is revealed that a complicated mechanism involving both local and remote wind forcing and ocean internal instability is responsible for the generation and modulation of EKE in this region. High‐level EKE mainly resides in four regions: east of Sri Lanka (Region 1), the western BOB (Region 2), northwest of Sumatra (Region 3), and the coastal rim of the BOB (Region 4). The high EKE levels in Regions 1 and 2 are predominantly produced by ocean internal instability, which contributes 90% and 79%, respectively. Prominent seasonality is also observed in these two regions, with higher EKE levels in boreal spring and fall due to enhanced instability of the East Indian Coast Current and the Southwest Monsoon Current, respectively. In contrast, ocean internal instability contributes 49% and 52% of the total EKE in Regions 3 and 4, respectively, whereas the atmospheric forcing of intraseasonal oscillations (ISOs) also plays an important role. ISOs produce EKE mainly through wind stress, involving both the remote effect of equatorial winds and the local effect of monsoonal winds. Equatorial‐origin wave signals significantly enhance the EKE levels in Regions 3 and 4, in the form of reflected Rossby waves and coastal Kelvin waves, respectively. The local wind forcing effect through Ekman pumping also has a significant contribution in Regions 3 and 4 (24% and 22%, respectively).
Quantitative evaluation of the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms in helical, axial, and cone‐beam CT images using a mobile phantom
Authors: Ali Imad , Alsbou Nesreen , Jaskowiak Justin , Ahmad Salahuddin
Published: February 2018

The goal of this project is to investigate quantitatively the performance of different deformable image registration algorithms (DIR) with helical (HCT), axial (ACT), and cone‐beam CT (CBCT). The variations in the CT‐number values and lengths of well‐known targets moving with controlled motion were evaluated. Four DIR algorithms: Demons, Fast‐Demons, Horn‐Schunck and Lucas‐Kanade were used to register intramodality CT images of a mobile phantom scanned with different imaging techniques. The phantom had three water‐equivalent targets inserted in a low‐density foam with different lengths (10–40 mm) and moved with adjustable motion amplitudes (0–20 mm) and frequencies (0–0.5 Hz). The variations in the CT‐number level, volumes and shapes of these targets were measured from the spread‐out of the CT‐number distributions. In CBCT, most of the DIR algorithms were able to produce the actual lengths of the mobile targets; however, the CT‐number values obtained from the DIR algorithms deviated from the actual CT‐number of the targets. In HCT, the DIR algorithms were successful in deforming the images of the mobile targets to the images of the stationary targets producing the CT‐number values and lengths of the targets for motion amplitudes <20 mm. Similarly in ACT, all DIR algorithms produced the actual CT‐number values and lengths of the stationary targets for low‐motion amplitudes <15 mm. The optical flow‐based DIR algorithms such as the Horn‐Schunck and Lucas‐Kanade performed better than the Demons and Fast‐Demons that are based on attraction forces particularly at large motion amplitudes. In conclusion, most of the DIR algorithms did not reproduce well the CT‐number values and lengths of the targets in images that have artifacts induced by large motion amplitudes. The deviations in the CT‐number values and variations in the volume of the mobile targets in the deformed CT images produced by the different DIR algorithms need to be considered carefully in the treatment planning for accurate dose calculation dose coverage of the tumor, and sparing of critical structures.
Effect of Alumina Nanoparticles on the Microstructure, Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine‐Grained Aluminum Processed by Accumulative Roll Bonding
Authors: Ivanov Konstantin V. , Fortuna Sergey V. , Kalashnikova Tatyana A. , Glazkova Elena A.
Published: February 2018

An Al–0.05 vol% nAl2O3 (where nAl2O3 is alumina nanoparticles) composite has been fabricated using accumulative roll bonding with nanoparticle introduction. The microstructure, texture, fracture surfaces, and mechanical properties are investigated using transmission and scanning electron microscopy, electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness measurement and tensile tests. The results show that nanoparticle introduction significantly affects the microstructure, texture, and fracture characteristics, but weakly influences the microhardness, strength, and ductility. The possible reasons for the different responses of the studied properties to nanoparticle introduction during accumulative roll bonding are discussed.
Topological Dirac Nodal‐Line Structure in Orthorhombic‐Ti3N2
Authors: Yao Ziwei , Zhang Xiaoning , Feng Xing , Wen Bin
Published: February 2018

As a new type of titanium nitrides phase, orthorhombic‐Ti3N2 (o‐Ti3N2) possesses coexistence of time‐reversal symmetry, spatial inversion symmetry, band inversion and negligible spin‐orbit‐coupling (SOC), hence it is expected to have special physical and chemical properties. In this work, its electronic and topological properties were systematically investigated by combing first‐principles calculations and Wannier tight‐binding analysis. It is found that o‐Ti3N2 is a 3D topological nodal‐line material characterized by hornlike nodal lines in 3D momentum space. The “drumhead‐like” surface states exist on the (001) surface, while surface states possess the exotic single–double conversion, implying that o‐Ti3N2 may process interesting surface transport properties. These features make o‐Ti3N2 a new member in topological materials, with promising novel applications in electronic devices.
Microemulsion Assisted Assembly of 3D Porous S/Graphene@g‐C3N4 Hybrid Sponge as Free‐Standing Cathodes for High Energy Density Li–S Batteries
Authors: Zhang Juan , Li Jin‐Yi , Wang Wen‐Peng , Zhang Xing‐Hao , Tan Xing‐Hua , Chu Wei‐Guo , Guo Yu‐Guo
Published: February 2018

A 3D porous sulfur/graphene@g‐C3N4 (S/GCN) hybrid sponge, which can be directly applied as a free‐standing cathode for Li–S batteries, is realized via a microemulsion assisted assembly approach. In this strategy, the interior oil emulsion droplets serve as soft templates to form pores to accommodate sulfur and the hydrophilic GCN stacks around oil droplets to assemble into a crosslinked 3D network. Through this microemulsion encapsulation route, S/GCN cathodes with a sulfur loading as high as 82 wt% can be achieved. Furthermore, the enriched N‐sites in GCN macropores offer numerous adhesion sites for polysulfides, realizing a “physical‐chemical” dual‐confinement for polysulfides from diffusion. Moreover, the robust and highly porous 3D graphene frameworks render efficient electron/Li+ transport pathways for fast kinetics as well as good structure integrity. Consequently, in comparison to the conventional G‐sponge/Li2Sn catholyte system, S/GCN delivers a higher specific capacity, superior high‐rate capability (612 mA h g−1 at 10 C), and alleviated anode corrosion issues. Particularly, an energy density as high as 1493 W h kg−1 (calculated on the total weight of the cathode) and an extremely low capacity fading rate of 0.017% per cycle over 800 cycles at 0.3 C are achieved.
Heterostyly promotes compatible pollination in buckwheats: Comparisons of intraflower, intraplant, and interplant pollen flow in distylous and homostylous Fagopyrum
Authors: Wu Ling‐Yun , Chang Fang‐Fang , Liu Shu‐Juan , Scott Armbruster W. , Huang Shuang‐Quan
Published: February 2018

Premise of the Study

Heterostyly, the reciprocal positioning of stigmas and anthers in different floral morphs, has long been thought to promote intermorph pollination. However, extensive intramorph pollination occurs commonly in heterostylous species, leading to recurrent questions about the functional and evolutionary significance of heterostyly.

Methods

To identify the sources of stigmatic pollen (autogamous [intraflower], geitonogamous [intraplant], vs. interplant), we emasculated either one flower or entire plants in experimental populations of the two closely related buckwheat species, distylous Fagopyrum esculentum and homostylous F. tataricum. Differences in pollen size allowed unambiguous identification of pollen on stigmas.

Results

Only 2.4% of F. tataricum pollen and 1.5% of F. esculentum pollen arrived successfully on compatible stigmas of other plants. In the former (homostylous) species, 71.3% of the pollen load on stigmas was autogamous, 10.8% was geitonogamous, and 17.9% was interplant. In the latter (distylous) species, 37.45% of the pollen on stigmas was autogamous, 13.8% was geitonogamous, 17.0% was intramorph, and 31.75% was intermorph. The amount of incompatible pollen arriving on stigmas was greatly decreased by both one‐flower and whole‐plant emasculations, and thus, the proportion of compatible pollen deposited increased with one‐flower emasculation and increased even more with whole‐plant emasculation.

Conclusions

Our quantification of pollen‐donor sources in these two species indicated that heterostyly in Fagopyrum esculentum provided a nearly 2‐fold fitness advantage (in terms of compatible pollination) over expected (random) pollen transfers between morphs. Because of reduced herkogamy, the homostylous F. tataricum was highly autogamous.
Differential growth of pavement cells of Arabidopsis thaliana leaf epidermis as revealed by microbead labeling
Authors: Elsner Joanna , Lipowczan Marcin , Kwiatkowska Dorota
Published: February 2018

Premise of the Study

In numerous vascular plants, pavement cells of the leaf epidermis are shaped like a jigsaw‐puzzle piece. Knowledge about the subcellular pattern of growth that accompanies morphogenesis of such a complex shape is crucial for studies of the role of the cytoskeleton, cell wall and phytohormones in plant cell development. Because the detailed growth pattern of the anticlinal and periclinal cell walls remains unknown, our aim was to measure pavement cell growth at a subcellular resolution.

Methods

Using fluorescent microbeads applied to the surface of the adaxial leaf epidermis of Arabidopsis thaliana as landmarks for growth computation, we directly assessed the growth rates for the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls at a subcellular scale.

Key Results

We observed complementary tendencies in the growth pattern of the outer periclinal and anticlinal cell walls. Central portions of periclinal walls were characterized by relatively slow growth, while growth of the other wall portions was heterogeneous. Local growth of the periclinal walls accompanying lobe development after initiation was relatively fast and anisotropic, with maximal extension usually in the direction along the lobe axis. This growth pattern of the periclinal walls was complemented by the extension of the anticlinal walls, which was faster on the lobe sides than at the tips.

Conclusions

Growth of the anticlinal and outer periclinal walls of leaf pavement cells is heterogeneous. The growth of the lobes resembles cell elongation via diffuse growth rather than tip growth.
A new mutation of congenital methemoglobinemia exacerbated after methylene blue treatment
Authors: Yamaji Fuminori , Soeda Akio , Shibata Hiroki , Morikawa Takuya , Suzuki Kodai , Yoshida Shozo , Ogura Shinji
Published: February 2018

Case

Methylene blue is useful for the treatment of methemoglobinemia. However, even after the patient's methemoglobin (metHb) rate has improved, careful observation is important because they could have undiagnosed congenital methemoglobinemia. In this case, a 67‐year‐old man underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy with the use of lidocaine for local anesthesia. During the examination, he complained of dyspnea and had low SpO2 despite normal PaO2 and SaO2. He was transferred to our department as a suspected case of acquired methemoglobinemia.

Outcome

The patient's metHb level was 26.2%. We administered methylene blue i.v. and his metHb level subsequently decreased to 1.6%. However, his metHb level gradually increased to 18.2%, and we suspected that he had congenital methemoglobinemia. We administered riboflavin and ascorbic acid orally, and his metHb level decreased to 6.4%. We also obtained genomic DNA from the patient and identified a novel variant of CYB5R3.

Conclusion

We report a novel variant of congenital methemoglobinemia that deteriorated after methylene blue treatment.
Crystalline structure and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) filament embedded with nanosize clay particles
Authors: Bahng GunWoong , Endoh Maya K. , Ryu Jisu , Hwang Junyeon
Published: February 2018

The properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) filaments embedded with nanosize clay powder were evaluated. The moisture management function and thermal properties of the textile were found to be improved; however, the strength of the filament was lowered with a little increase in elongation. In situ analysis of the crystalline structure with small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction during the tensile testing showed an unstable change in intensities during the elongation. This phenomenon is related to the earlier rearrangement and breaks down the microstructure in local regions with an increase in strain. This is expected to be due to the low adhesion strength between the matrix and the embedded nanosize clay particles. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 46321.
Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Cyanation by Using an Electrophilic Cyanating Agent, N‐Cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS)
Authors: Cui Jie , Song Jian , Liu Qing , Liu Hui , Dong Yunhui
Published: February 2018

The ability to introduce a nitrile group into a biologically active compound is very useful in organic synthesis, owing to the importance of nitrile groups in transformations and tuning molecular properties. To date, nucleophilic cyanation has been the most used strategy for this purpose, whilst electrophilic cyanation reactions are less developed. Recently, the electrophilic cyanation reagent N‐cyano‐N‐phenyl‐p‐toluenesulfonamide (NCTS) has received increasing attention, owing to its superior properties in terms of safety and practicality. This Focus Review summarizes recent progress in transition‐metal‐catalyzed cyanation reactions that use NCTS.
ATP sensitive K+ channel subunits (Kir6.1, Kir6.2) are the candidate mediators regulating ameliorating effects of pulsed magnetic field on aortic contractility in diabetic rats
Authors: Ocal Isil , Yilmaz Mehmet B. , Kocaturk‐Sel Sabriye , Tufan Turan , Erkoc Mehmet A. , Comertpay Gamze , Oksuz Hale , Barc Esma D.
Published: February 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease that causes increased morbidity and mortality in developed and developing countries. With recent advancements in technology, alternative treatment methods have begun to be investigated in the world. This study aims to evaluate the effect of pulsed magnetic field (PMF) on vascular complications and contractile activities of aortic rings along with Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 subunit expressions of ATP‐sensitive potassium channels (KATP) in aortas of controlled‐diabetic and non‐controlled diabetic rats. Controlled‐diabetic and non‐controlled diabetic adult male Wistar rats were exposed to PMF for a period of 6 weeks according to the PMF application protocol (1 h/day; intensity: 1.5 mT; consecutive frequency: 1, 10, 20, and 40 Hz). After PMF exposure, body weight and blood glucose levels were measured. Then, thoracic aorta tissue was extracted for relaxation–contraction and Kir6.1 and Kir6.2 expression experiments. Blood plasma glucose levels, body weight, and aortic ring contraction percentage decreased in controlled‐diabetic rats but increased in non‐controlled diabetic rats. PMF therapy repressed Kir6.1 mRNA expression in non‐controlled diabetic rats but not in controlled diabetic rats. Conversely, Kir6.2 mRNA expressions were repressed both in controlled diabetic and non‐controlled diabetic rats by PMF. Our findings suggest that the positive therapeutic effects of PMF may act through (KATP) subunits and may frequently occur in insulin‐free conditions. Bioelectromagnetics. 39:299–311, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Elevated TRIM44 promotes intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma progression by inducing cell EMT via MAPK signaling
Authors: Peng Rui , Zhang Peng‐Fei , Zhang Chi , Huang Xiao‐Yong , Ding Yan‐bing , Deng Bin , Bai Dou‐Sheng , Xu Ya‐Ping
Published: February 2018

Surgical results for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) remain unsatisfactory due to the high rate of recurrence. Here, we investigated that the expression and roles of tripartite motif‐containing protein 44 (TRIM44) in human ICCs. Firstly, TRIM44 expression was analyzed in several kinds of cancers by referring to public Oncomine database, and the expressions of TRIM44 mRNA and protein were tested in ICC and corresponding paratumorous tissues. Secondly, functions and mechanisms of TRIM44 in ICC cells were further evaluated by TRIM44 interference and cDNA transfection. Finally, the prognostic role of TRIM44 was assessed by Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression. We found that TRIM44 expression was upregulated in ICC tissues compared with corresponding paratumorous tissues, which were consistent with the results from the public cancer database. Knockdown of TRIM44 repressed the invasion and migration of ICC cells, while increased the ICC cell apoptosis. Additionally, high level of TRIM44 was shown to induce ICC cell epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Mechanistically, a high level of TRIM44 was found to activate MAPK signaling, and a MEK inhibitor, AZD6244, reversed cell EMT and apoptosis endowed by TRIM44 overexpression. Clinically, TRIM44 expression was positively associated with large tumor size (P = 0.035), lymphatic metastasis (P = 0.008) and poor tumor differentiation (P = 0.036). Importantly, patients in TRIM44high group had shorter overall survival and higher cumulative rate of recurrence than patients in TRIM44low group. Our results suggest elevated TRIM44 promotes ICC development by inducing cell EMT and apoptosis resistance, and TRIM44 is a valuable prognostic biomarker and promising therapeutic target of ICC.
Bilateral bullous keratopathy secondary to melting keratitis in a Suri alpaca (Vicugna pacos)
Authors: Guyonnet Alexandre , Bourguet Aurélie , Donzel Elise , Bataille Guillemette , Pascal Quentin , Laloy Eve , Boulouis Henri‐Jean , Milleman Yves , Chahory Sabine
Published: February 2018

Key Clinical Message

An young alpaca was evaluated for bilateral progressive melting corneal ulcers and developped secondary bullous keratopathy during hospitalization. The tragic progression of melting ulcers in both eyes observed in our case leads us to recommend a rapid intensive medical therapy in young and debilitated alpacas presenting a corneal ulcer.