bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Model Cooperative Learning Berbasis HOTS dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Matematika di MI Negeri 2 Sleman
Authors: Aiman Ummu
Published: December 2022

This research aims to describe the application of hots-based cooperative learning models in improving mathematics learning outcomes in the smallest multiples and largest federal factors. This research uses a method of action research. The subject of the study was students of grade 4-C MI Negeri 2 Sleman in the first semester of the 2019/2020 school year. The results showed an increase in cycle 1 of 34.3%, and a 75% increase in cycle 2. Increased cycle 1 to cycle 2 by 75%. High-level cooperative learning based thinking skills can improve learning outcomes in the smallest multiples of fellowship and the largest communion factor.
Aktualisasi Nilai-Nilai Pancasila Sila Kedua melalui Model Pembelajaran Demonstrasi Picture and Picture pada Siswa Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri Yogyakarta I
Authors: Hissoh Karimatul
Published: December 2022

This study aims to know the actualization of the values of Pancasila Sila Kedua through the learning model of Picture and Picture Demonstration in Students of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Yogyakarta I. The approach used in this study is qualitative approach with literature study method. The results showed that the implementation of the Picture and Picture demonstration alignment model was able to help students in actualizing the values of Pancasila Sila Kedua. Students become more active and can explore their abilities and can distinguish examples of pancasila practice.
Penerapan Model Discovery Learning untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik pada Materi Tujuan dan Fungsi Al-Quran di MAN 3 Parigi
Authors: Latif Muhamad
Published: December 2022

This study aims to find out the learning outcomes of class X MIA IA learners on the subjects of the Qur'an Hadith before and after using the discovery learning model. This study uses the Class action method. The research subject is a student of class X MIA 1A MAN 3 Parigi Semester I of the 2021-2022 School Year. The results showed that learning by applying discovery learning methods had a positive impact in improving learners' learning achievement which was characterized by an increase in learning completion in each cycle, namely cycle I increased by 70%, an increase quite significantly in cycle II by 86%. Thus the discovery learning model can be applied to students at the Madrasah Aliyah level to improve their learning outcomes.
Pengaruh Budaya Religius terhadap Kecerdasan Spiritual Peserta Didik Kelas Atas MI Nurul Huda Margorejo
Authors: Nurjanah Siti
Published: December 2022

This research aims to find out the influence of religious culture on the spiritual intelligence of learners. This research uses survey research methods. The population in this study was all 4th and 5th grade students of MI Nurul Huda Margorejo. The results showed that in analyzing religious culture at MI Nurul Huda Margorejo by using a test in the form of questionnaires and spiritual intelligence in the form of questionnaires, the calculation was carried out "One-Sample T Test using the SPSS program version 16 obtained significant results of 0.306 ≥ 0.05. It stated that the residual value of normal distribution indicates a change in religious culture with the spiritual intelligence of MI student Nurul Huda Margorejo.
Upaya Meningkatkan Keaktifan Belajar IPS melalui Permainan Puzzle pada Siswa di MIN 7 Gunungkidul
Authors: Widodo Muh
Published: December 2022

This research aims to improve the activeness of students' learning on IPS subjects by using puzzle games. This research uses class action research methods conducted in two cycles, including planning, implementation, observation, and reflection activities. The subject of the recipient of the action was a student of class VI MIN 7 Gunungkidul which amounted to 16 students. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, interviews, and analysis of documents. Qualitative descriptive data analysis techniques with success criteria to achieve active categories with a score of ≥ 54. The results showed an increase in the activeness of learning and enthusiastic students in following the learning. Students' learning activities are more communicative and enjoyable. The increase in student activeness was indicated by the student observation score of each meeting in cycles I and II with the average total score in cycle I of 41.31 being in the fairly active category increased to 60.75 being in the active category in cycle II. From the data there was an increase in the score of 19.44. The use of puzzle games can increase the active learning of students of class VI MIN 7 Gunungkidul.
Peningkatan Motivasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran Microsoft Excel melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD di MAN 2 Yogyakarta
Authors: Fajar Rahmadi
Published: December 2022

This research aims to describe the application of cooperative learning using the STAD model in increasing student learning motivation at MAN 2 Yogyakarta. This research uses an action research method consisting of 4 stages, namely; planning, implementation of actions, observation and reflection. The subject of this study is class X IPS 2 students of the 2019/2020 school year with a total of 24 people, consisting of 7 male students and 17 female students. Data collection techniques use interviews, observations, documentation. The results showed that the application of STAD-type cooperative learning can improve student learning outcomes and activities in informatics subject excel materials. This can be proven by the percentage of achievements to student activity increased from 32.75% in the first cycle to 92.75% in the second cycle and can be declared successful because it has reached performance indicators.
Question Student Have Method: Upaya Meningkatkan Motivasi dan Prestasi Belajar PPKn Menggunakan Media Kartu “Ji-Tu” di MTs Negeri 9 Sleman
Authors: Mugiraharjo Hartoyo
Published: December 2022

This research aims to increase the motivation and achievements of learning Pancasila Education and Citizenship Class VIII-C MTs Negeri 9 Sleman, School Year 2020-2021. This research is Classroom Action Research conducted collaboratively. The subject of this study is class VIII-C MTs Negeri 9 Sleman which amounted to 30 students. The objects in this study increased motivation and learning achievement. Data collection techniques in this study were carried out with observation techniques, tests, and questionnaires. Data analysis methods with quantitative descripttic techniques. The results showed that learning motivation in cycle I by 66.66% and cycle II by 86.66, increased by 26%. Learning achievement increased in silus I by 65.00 and in cycle II to 77.11. Question Student Have method by utilizing the media card "Ji-Tu" can be applied to students in Madrasah Tsanawiyah.
Water Oxidation for Anodic Generation of Hydrogen Peroxide by Using Transition Metal Oxide Based Catalyst
Authors: Alzahrani A.I.A , Hassan S.U. , Nazir M.H. , Zafar A. , Zaidi S.Z.J.
Published: December 2022

Water oxidation could be helpful to have a generation of useful oxidant known as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) via electrochemical route. A defined structured of molybdenum oxide based electrode was synthesised by a thermal compression treatment over PV-15 composite coating. The coating was then employed for electrochemical water splitting at constant potential electrolysis while the quantities of peroxide of hydrogen produced was measured in an advanced type of cell assembly. The overall findings showed that the confined values of applied potential for H2O2 production are anodic constant potentials of +0.3 V, +0.4 V and +0.5 V vs. Hg/HgO and synthesised peroxide of hydrogen up to 13 ppm in an advanced type of cell assembly.
Chemical and Electrochemical Studies on Expired Lioresal Drugs as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Hameed Reda S. Abdel , Essa Ayham , Nassar Amr , Badr Magd , Huwaimel Bader , Al-Mhyawi Saedah R. , Alshammary Freah , Seni Anas Abu , Abdallah M.
Published: December 2022

Lioresal is a muscle relaxer and an antispasmodic agent, known as Lioresal. The active ingredient is β-(Aminomethyl)-p-chlorohydrocinnamic acid, a racemic mixture of the R,(-) and S, (+) isomers. It affects directly the spinal cord with adverse effects including drowsiness, dizziness, weakness, fatigue, headache, trouble sleeping, nausea and vomiting, urinary retention, or constipation. Therefore, the accumulation of expired or unused Lioresal in our home is so dangerous and harmful for our children. The present work introduces an idea for using expired Lioresal as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in 1.0 M H2SO4. The effect of both concentration and temperature were studied. The inhibition efficiency was found to increase with concentration and decreased with rising temperature. Chemical, electrochemical, and analytical techniques, namely, gravimetric, thermometric, gasometric, acidimetric, AAS, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to evaluate the inhibition action of the expired Lioresal drugs. The inhibition performance is due to the adsorption and adhesion of drugs constituent molecules on the steel surface. The adsorption was found to obey Langmuir isotherm. The surface area available for the anodic dissolution of iron and cathodic hydrogen evolution process diminishes without changing the reaction mechanism. The values of Ecorr. readings slowly decrease to negative values, showing that these inhibitors are mixed-type inhibitors mainly cathodic inhibitors. The data obtained from different techniques are in good agreement with each other. Electrochemical and analytical Techniques are efficient and accurate in the determination of the corrosion rate and inhibition performance of expired drugs in an aqueous medium.
Magnesium Sulfat Intravena, Derajat Nyeri dan Kebutuhan Opioid Pasca Operasi
Authors: Nasution Husni Riadi , Leksana Ery , Sutiyono Doso
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Lebih dari 70% pasien paska operasi mengalami nyeri, dan 80% dari pasien ini mengalami nyeri yang berat selama perawatan di rumah sakit. Magnesium yang bersifat sebagai antagonis NMDA secara teori dapat meblokade proses sensitisasi sentral. Pemberian magnesium preoperatif diharapkan dapat mengurangi derajat nyeri dan kebutuhan opioid paska operasi.Metode: merupakan jenis penelitian eksperimental randomized post test only controlled group design. Dua puluh enam pasien yang menjalani operasi elektif bedah onkologi dengan anestesi umum inhalasi di RS dr. Kariadi Semarang, memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dibagi dalam dua kelompok. Dicatat tanda vital pra bedah. Kelompok MgSO 4 (I) diberi MgSO4 50 mg/kgBB dalam NaCl 250 mL sebelum insisi, kelompok kontrol (II) diberi NaCl 0,9% 250 mL. Premedikasi dengan midazolam 0,07 mg/kgBB iv, metoclopramid 10 mg iv, sulfas atropin 0,01 mg/kgBB. Induksi dengan Tiopental 5 mg/kgBB, atrakurium 0,5 mg/kgBB, fentanil 2 mcg/kgBB, lalu dilakukan intubasi. Rumatan anestesi dengan N 2 O:O2 =50%:50%, enfluran 0,8% - 1,5%, atrakurium intermiten. Selesai operasi pasien diekstubasi, dilakukan observasi di ruang pemulihan. Bila skor nyeri atau nilai Visual Analog Scale (VAS) > 3 cm diberikan meperidin 0,5 mg/kgBB iv. Dicatat tanda vital paska bedah, setiap 4 jam selama 24 jam. Di bangsal diberi analgetik meperidin 0,5 mg/kgBB bila VAS > 3 cm. Dicatat jumlah total kebutuhan meperidin. Efek samping yang terjadi dicatat. Uji statistik untuk VAS digunakan T-Test, sedangkan kebutuhan opioid dengan Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Derajat nyeri dan kebutuhan antara kedua kelompok berbeda tidak bermakna (p>0,05).Kesimpulan: pemberian MgSO 4 tidak signifikan mempengaruhi derajat nyeri dan kebutuhan opioid paska operasi.
Ventilasi Satu Paru
Authors: Kisara Aditya , Satoto Hari Hendriarto , Arifin Johan
Published: December 2022

Ventilasi satu paru adalah memberikan ventilasi mekanik pada salah satu paru yang dipilih dan menghalangi jalan napas dari paru lainnya. Ventilasi satu paru diindikasikan untuk meningkatkan akses bedah, melindungi paru dan perawatan intensif ventilasi. Selama ventilasi satu paru, percampuran darah yang tidak teroksigenasi dari paru atas yang kolaps dengan darah teroksigenasi dari paru dependen yang terventilasi memperlebar gradien O2 PA-a. Penelitian secara in vitro memperlihatkan bahwa agen anestesi inhalasi secara langsung mereduksi aksi dari hypoxic pulmonar vasocontriction dan secara teori menyebabkan meningkatnya aliran darah ke paru yang tidak terventilasi sehingga meningkatkan shunt pulmoner dan akhirnya PaO2 menjadi turun dan sering menyebabkan hipoksemi. Tiga teknik yang dilakukan: (1) penempatan sebuah tabung bronkial lumen ganda, (2) penggunaan tabung trakeal lumen tunggal pada penghubungnya dengan penghambat bronkial, atau (3) penggunaan lumen tunggal tabung bronkial. Volume tidal yang tinggi digunakan untuk mempertahankan oksigenasi arteri Penurunan volume tidal, dikombinasi dengan penggunaan akhir ekspirasi tekanan positif (PEEP), dapat meminimalkan terjadinya cedera parenkim.
Perbedaan Pengaruh Pemberian Propofol Dan Etomidat Terhadap Agregasi Trombosit
Authors: Tabahhati Sri , Budiono Uripno , Harahap Mohamad Sofyan
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang penelitian: Perdarahan perioperatif merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi dalam setiap operasi. Penggunaan obat anestesi induksi dikatakan mempunyai pengaruh dalam agregasi trombosit.  Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui perbedaan pengaruh pemberian propofol dan etomidat terhadap agregasi trombosit. Metode: Merupakan penelitian eksperimental pada 40 pasien yang menjalani anestesi umum. Penderita dibagi 2 kelompok (n=20), kelompok I menggunakan propofol dan kelompok II menggunakan etomidat, yang diberi sejak awal induksi dengan besar pemberian propofol 2,5 mg/kg intravena, etomidat 0,3 mg/kg intravena bersama O2 : N2O = 50% : 50%. Masing-masing kelompok akan diambil spesimen sebelum induksi dan 5 menit setelah induksi. Semua spesimen dibawa ke Laboratorium Patologi Klinik untuk dilakukan pemeriksaan Tes Agregasi Trombosit. Uji statistik menggunakan Paired T-Test dan Independent T-Test (dengan derajat kemaknaan <0.05). Hasil: Karakteristik data penderita maupun data variabel yang akan dibandingkan terdistribusi normal. Pada penelitian ini didapatkan perbedaan persen agregasi maksimal trombosit yang bermakna sebelum dan sesudah pemberian propofol (p=0,001) dan tidak bermakna untuk sebelum dan sesudah pemberian etomidat (p=0,089). Pada kelompok propofol didapatkan rerata persen agregasi maksimal trombosit 66,07±8,28 dan etomidat 56,29+18,04 dan menunjukkan perbedaan yang bermakna antara keduanya (p=0,053). Kesimpulan: Propofol secara bermakna menurunkan persen agregasi maksimal trombosit, dibandingkan etomidat.
Midazolam Intravena Dosis Rendah Tidak Mempengaruhi Nitric Oxide Intraperitoneal Mencit Balb/C Yang Terpapar Lipopolisakarida
Authors: Ridconi Akhmad , Satoto Hariyo , Budiono Uripno
Published: December 2022

Latar belakang: Lipopolisakarida dapat mengaktivasi NF-kB (Nuclear Factor kappa B) untuk terjadinya apoptosis dan kegagalan organ. NO (nitric oxide), suatu sitokin pro inflamasi, memiliki peranan penting dalam patogenesis terjadinya hipoten si sistemik pada syok septik akibat aktivasi faktor transkripsional NF-kB. Antioksidan dapat melemahkan efek paparan dari lipopolisakarida dan memblok produksi NF-kB. Midazolam, obat sedasi yang seringkali digunakan di ruang rawat intensif (ICU) untuk penderita sepsis, diduga memiliki efek antioksidan dan anti inflamasi melalui penghambatan sistem ubiquitin NF-kB, sehingga pembentukan NO dapat dihambat. Tujuan: mengetahui pengaruh pemberian Midazolam dalam dosis 0,07-0,2 mg/kg terhadap kadar NO mencit yang diberi endotoksin lipopolisakarida intraperitoneal. Metode: merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain randomized post test only controlled group pada 20 ekor mencit Balb/c yang disuntik lipoplisakarida intraperitoneal dan midazolam dosis 0,07 ; 0,1 ; dan 0;2 mg/kg intravena. Mencit dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok secara random, yaitu kelompok P1 sebagai kontrol, kelompok P2 yang mendapat midazolam 0,07 mg/kg, kelompok P3 yang mendapat midazolam 0,1 mg/kg, dan kelompok P4 yang mendapat midazolam dosis 0,2 mg/kg. Pemeriksaan NO diambil dari kultur makrofag intraperitoneal setelah 6 jam pemberian midazolam. Hasil dinilai dengan uji statistik nonparametrik Kruskal Walis dan Mann-Whitney dengan derajat kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil: Tidak terdapat perbedaan kadar NO yang signifikan pada kelompok P2 dibanding P1 (1,77 ± 0,23 vs. 1,76 ± 0,26, p=0,841) dan P3 dibanding P1 (1,50 ±0,22 vs. 1,76 ± 0,26, p=0,310). Kadar NO pada kelompok P4 (3,11 ± 0,44) lebih tinggi dibanding P1 Secara signifikan (p=0,032). Simpulan: Pada mencit Balb/c sepsis, pemberian midazolam 0,1 mg/kg tidak dapat menurunkan kadar NO intraperitoneal secara signifikan. Pemberian midazolam 0,2 mg/kg meningkatkan kadar NO intraperitoenal mencit endotoksemia secara signifikan.
Fisiologi Lateral Dekubitus dan Monitoring Durante Operasi Bedah Thoraks
Authors: Bayu Derajad , Satoto Hari Hendriarto , Soesilowati Danu
Published: December 2022

Dewasa ini pembedahan di daerah thoraks semakin maju, sejalan dengan perkembangan ilmu anestesiologi. Beberapa tindakan tersebut dilakukan terhadap pasien dalam posisi lateral dekubitus. Posisi lateral dekubitus menimbulkan berbagai perubahan fisiologis terhadap pasien. Sebagaimana halnya operasi yang lain, operasi pada bedah thoraks memerlukan monitoring dan penanganan terhadap berbagai hal yang terjadi.
Fisiologi dan Patofisiologi Aksis Hipotalamus-Hipofisis-Adrenal
Authors: Nugroho Taufik Eko , Pujo Jati Listiyanto , Nurcahyo Widya Istanto
Published: December 2022

Sistem endokrin terdiri dari kelenjar-kelenjar yang mensekresi hormon yang membantu memelihara dan mengatur fungsi-fungsi vital seperti (1) respons terhadap stres dan cedera, (2) pertumbuhan dan perkembangan, (3) reproduksi, (4) homeostasis ion, (5) metabolisme energi, dan (6) respons kekebalan tubuh. Sekresi kortisol oleh korteks adrenal diatur oleh sistem umpan balik negatif lengkung panjang yang melibatkan hipotalamus dan hipofisis anterior. Pada sistem hipotalamus-hipofisis-adrenal, corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) menyebabkan hipofisis melepaskan ACTH. Kemudian ACTH merangsang korteks adrenal untuk mensekresi kortisol. Selanjutnya kortisol kembali memberikan umpan balik terhadap aksis hipotalamus-hipofisis, dan menghambat produksi CRH-ACTH. Sistem mengalami fluktuasi, bervariasi menurut kebutuhan fisiologis akan kortisol. Jika sistem menghasilkan terlalu banyak ACTH, sehingga terlalu banyak kortisol, maka kortisol akan mempengaruhi kembali dan menghambat produksi CRH oleh hipotalamus serta menurunkan kepekaan sel-sel penghasil ACTH terhadap CRH dengan bekerja secara langsung pada hipofisis anterior. Melalui pendekatan ganda ini, kortisol melakukan kontrol umpan balik negatif untuk menstabilkan konsentrasinya sendiri dalam plasma. Apabila kadar kortisol mulai turun, efek inhibisi kortisol pada hipotalamus dan hipofisis anterior berkurang sehingga faktor-faktor yang merangsang peningkatan sekresi kortisol (CRH-ACTH) akan meningkat. Sistem ini peka karena produksi kortisol atau pemberian kortisol atau glukokortikoid sintetik lain secara berlebihan dapat dengan cepat menghambat aksis hipotalamus-hipofisis dan menghentikan produksi ACTH.
Obat–Obat Anti Nyeri
Authors: Yudhowibowo Ifar Irianto , Satoto Hari Hendriarto , Sasongko Himawan
Published: December 2022

Rasa nyeri (nosisepsi) merupakan masalah unik, disatu pihak bersifat melindungi badan kita dan dilain pihak merupakan suatu siksaan. Nyeri juga mempunyai makna praktis yang jelas. Nyeri memperingatkan kita akan bahaya; nyeri dapat membantu diagnosis; kadang-kadang dapat menunjang penyembuhan dengan pembatasan gerakan dan menunjang imobilisasi bagian yang cedera. Terdapat sejumlah substansi yang secara farmakologis dapat digunakan sebagai “analgesik” untuk meredakan nyeri pada penderita yang sadar tanpa menimbulkan penurunan daya ingat total seperti pada anestesi umum. Substansi yang secara farmakologis dapat digunakan sebagai analgesik tersebut tetap merujuk pada konsep analgesia multi modal. Konsep analgesia multi modal ini merujuk pada perjalanan nyeri nosisepsi dimana digunakan NSAID pada proses transduksi, anestetik lokal pada proses transmisi dan opioid pada proses modulasi dan persepsi. Dimana keuntungan dari pada analgesia multimodal ini adalah didapatkan efek analgesi yang lebih tinggi tanpa meningkatkan efek samping dibandingkan peningkatan dosis pada pemberian analgesia tunggal.
Agresywne zachowania językowe w sytuacji granicznej
Authors: Balowska Grażyna
Published: December 2022

The subject of the analysis are aggressive linguistic behaviours constituting a part of the pandemic discourse. We are interested in verbal aggression in a borderline situation, for which we consider the COVID-19 disease as the effect of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. The research material comes from the discussion forums of the Czech internet portal Novinky.cz. It was collected in the period from July 2021 to August 2022. The researched comments are an example of so-called written conversation, because they reflect the nature of spontaneous communication, the texts are unprepared, created with the usage of  the language of everyday communication (běžná mluva), colloquialisms, slangisms, the obecná čeština, with a clear presence of expressive vocabulary. The article  discusses manifestations of verbal aggression in a lexical-pragmatic perspective, while verbal aggression is understood as any deliberate linguistic behavior that causes harm to another person, inflicts psychological discomfort, presents them in a bad light, depreciates, mocks or ridicules them. The analysis focuses on such aggressive linguistic behaviour as  threats, curses, insults, ridicule, accusations.
Polski leksem zakonnik w Biblii gdańskiej (1632) a czeski leksem zákonník w Biblii kralickiej (1579-1594). Studium przypadku w kontekście zagadnienia leksykalnej zależności filiacyjnej przekładu polskiego od czeskiego
Authors: Lisowski Tomasz
Published: December 2022

Daniel Mikołajewski, tłumacz ewangelickiej Biblii gdańskiej (1632), w swojej pracy translatorskiej posługiwał się jako źródłem pomocniczym czeską Biblią kralicką (1579–1594). Analizie w kontekście zagadnienia leksykalnej zależności filiacyjnej przekładu gdańskiego od przekładu kralickiego zostały poddane ekwiwalenty gr. νομικός ‘znawca Prawa Mojżeszowego’. Daniel Mikołajewski przy wyborze polskich podstawień leksykalnych uwzględniał znaczenie kontekstowe leksemu oryginalnego i kierował się kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej polskich podstawień leksykalnych z ich greckim odpowiednikiem. Są to zakonnik i nauczony w Zakonie. Są one odwzorowaniem ekwiwalentów przywołanych w paralelnych wersetach w Biblii kralickiej, a mianowicie zákonník, učený v Zákoně.   Jako tło porównawcze w analizie uwzględnione zostały także ekwiwalenty gr. γραμματεύς ‘uczony w Piśmie’. W tym wypadku Daniel Mikołajewski opowiedział się za polskim odpowiednikiem spełniającym kryterium zgodności semantyczno-morfologicznej – nauczony w Piśmie. Tłumacze Biblii kralickiej natomiast pozostali przy ekwiwalencie zákonník, adekwatnym semantycznie, ale nie morfologicznie (etymologicznie).   Zaprezentowane studium przypadku ukazuje Daniela Mikołajewskiego jako tłumacza autonomicznego, krytycznie podchodzącego do wzorca czeskiego.
Współczesne zróżnicowanie używanych przez Polaków nazw ‘galarety z mięsa’
Authors: Osowski Błażej
Published: December 2022

Artykuł prezentuje określenia pewnego dania – ‘galarety z mięsa’. Skupiono się na nazwach dyferencyjnych wobec polszczyzny ogólnej (np. galart, zylc, studzienina, tymbalik). Zaprezentowano ich frekwencję oraz zasięg terytorialny. Stan współczesny (materiał zebrano za pomocą ankiety internetowej w latach 2019–2020) skonfrontowano z danymi starszymi, sprzed 50 lat, dzięki czemu uzyskano obraz zaszłych zmian językowych. Na podstawie kwerendy leksykograficznej oraz analizy rozprzestrzenienia społecznego wskazano regionalizmy, takie jak galart.
Polska frazeologia gwarowa – próba bilansu
Authors: Rak Maciej
Published: December 2022

Artykuł stanowi podsumowanie dotychczasowych badań w zakresie polskiej frazeologii gwarowej. W kolejnych częściach autor omawia: 1) historię badań nad polską frazeologią gwarową; 2) dorobek w tej dziedzinie; 3) metody wykorzystywane do opisu gwarowego materiału frazeologicznego; 4) perspektywy badań (przede wszystkim najpilniejsze potrzeby); 5) sposoby wykorzystywania frazeologii gwarowej przez przedstawicieli innych dziedzin.
Діалектний текст як джерело регіональних словників
Authors: Мартинова Ганна , Щербина Тетяна
Published: December 2022

The article states that in early 21st century, Slavic linguistics lexicographic arrangement of the dialect appeared to preserve the original lexical stock shaped through a national outlook and mentality, as well as cultural values of the creative Ukrainian nation. The article is aimed to represent the dialect stock of the Ukrainian lexicography in the early 21st century, as well as to stress the importance of a dialect text as a source for arranging a regional dictionary. That has accentuated the dialect text proper as a source for arranging a regional dictionary that includes specially represented patois lexical units, their registration according to the dialects and their expansion in the area under consideration. The approach enables a detailed description of the status quo, its peculiar features represented in the differentiated names, as well as peculiar stressed forms, regular and sporadic shifts in vowels and consonants in the registered lexical units. In spontaneous speech, lexical meanings are more complete and more objectively revealed, being largely enforced by new meanings in microtexts. The authors have proved that arranging dictionaries by meaningful texts complete reveals the registered units, as well as regional and local ones in spontaneous speech in various word-building, phonetic and grammatical variants in the dialect aspect. Broad comments provided for the entries are taken from dialect texts and ensure progress to a next narrative fragment promoting a way to learning other linguistic units characteristic of dialects. The dictionary grows into a hypertext, leading the reader from one registered unit to another, providing ethnic linguistic information while revealing a specific status quo interpreted by dialect speakers.
Świadomość, możliwości i bariery w poradnictwie genetycznym w kierunku mutacji BRCA oferowanym Afroamerykankom i Latynoskom
Authors: Michałowska Sylwia
Published: December 2022

BRCA genetic mutation leads to an increased susceptibility to breast and / or ovarian cancer in the life cycle. Research suggests that African American women use genetic counseling for BRCA less often than White Women. The aim of the review of research work presented in the article is to describe opportunities and barriers present in genetic counseling offered to black women, African-Americans and Latinos. After verification, 16 studies conducted in the years 2012–2019 were subjected to analysis, in which African American, English and Non-English Latin American or mixed samples were tested with partial analysis carried out among African American and / or Latin American Women.
Szanse i ryzyka kształcenia online dla akademickiej relacji mistrz – uczeń
Authors: Pietrzykowski Adam
Published: December 2022

The article describes the opportunities and risks of Master – Student relation in the academic, online learning setting. The article begins with the analysis of Master – Student relation by presenting issues regarding the traditionally interpreted person of the master as well as by presenting the obstacles and expectations faced by students. Further on, advantages and disadvantages of computermediated communication (CMC) of the relation are discussed. Based on the research in CMC which, includes the hyper-personal model and the Media Naturalness Theory, the ambivalence of building an authentic, based on the ethical foundations, and a long-lasting interpersonal relationship, is shown. Finally, key risk areas are discussed, in particular reductionist online learning models implemented by the neoliberal agenda in university education, and doubts about the effectiveness of value-oriented education in a virtual environment.
The student government as an educational method. Rich past and poor present
Authors: Kiszka Monika
Published: December 2022

Democratic and governmental transformations require students to develop numerous civic skills that will allow them to fully participate in adult life and enjoy all civil rights. They constitute a very important link in the school education cycle, but above all, in civic education. The student government creates one of the most important forms of social activity available to students, which allows them to develop, among others, organizational skills. It also furthers the child’s development. Active participation in the student government is an indicator of students’ self-awareness and development; it directs their activities towards cooperation and readiness to carry out tasks for the benefit of the school community. However, despite numerous educational aspects, creating optimal conditions for the functioning of the student government is the most difficult task of a modern school (Sowisło, 1996, p. 7).
Wieloproblemowość sytuacji kryzysowych a system wsparcia
Authors: Kotlarska-Michalska Anna
Published: December 2022

The article contains considerations on the possibility of treating a crisis situation as a result of other problems and difficulties, sometimes hidden, which previously occured, that contribute to the weakness and inability of a human being to continue functioning. The assumption that a crisis situation is a complex combination of many problems allows for a different view of the support system. The article presents arguments in favor of recognizing a crisis situation as a state of multiple problems a person cannot cope with on their own. The main features of the support system as part of crisis intervention and some imperfections of its functioning were also characterized.
Konflikt zbrojny jako źródło kryzysu migracyjnego. Wybrane formy wsparcia uchodźców z Ukrainy
Authors: Olszewska-Łabędź Beata
Published: December 2022

Armed conflicts are an integral part of a globalized world. And although their frequency, intensity and duration are varied – just like the motives for their occurrence – their common elements are suffering, pain, fear and death of innocent people. The victims of armed conflicts are then forced to make efforts related to the struggle for survival, and some of them decide to migrate to safer places, even beyond the borders of their country. The article is a review, pointing to one of the sources of migration crises, which is the armed conflict. The author briefly refers to the conflicts and their consequences in recent history, focusing mainly on the current topic of aggression by the Russian Federation against Ukraine, launched on February 24, 2022. The aim of the article is to present selected forms of support to refugees from Ukraine, both by the government in Poland and non-governmental organizations.
Effects of aging and long‐term physical activity on mitochondrial physiology and redox state of the cortex and cerebellum of female rats
Authors: Mesquita Paulo H. C. , Osburn Shelby C. , Godwin Joshua S. , Roberts Michael D. , Kavazis Andreas N.
Published: December 2022

We investigated the effects of aging and long‐term physical activity on markers of mitochondrial function and dynamics in the cortex and cerebellum of female rats. Additionally, we interrogated markers of oxidative damage and antioxidants. Thirty‐four female Lewis rats were separated into three groups. A young group (YNG, n = 10) was euthanized at 6 months of age. Two other groups were aged to 15 months and included a physical activity group (MA‐PA, n = 12) and a sedentary group (MA‐SED, n = 12). There were no age effects for any of the variables investigated, except for SOD2 protein levels in the cortex (+6.5%, p = 0.012). Long‐term physical activity increased mitochondrial complex IV activity in the cortex compared to YNG (+85%, p = 0.016) and MA‐SED (+82%, p = 0.023) and decreased carbonyl levels in the cortex compared to YNG (−12.49%, p = 0.034). Our results suggest that the mitochondrial network and redox state of the brain of females may be more resilient to the aging process than initially thought. Further, voluntary wheel running had minimal beneficial effects on brain markers of oxidative damage and mitochondrial physiology.
Reinforcement placement on mechanics and deformation of stepped reinforced retaining wall experimental study of characteristics
Authors: Zhu Yalin , Chen Renyi , Wu Liming , Xu Qian , Zhan Zijian
Published: December 2022

Three sets of indoor model tests of reinforced retaining walls were conducted to study the effects of reinforcing material placement on the displacement of reinforced retaining walls, wall top settlement, earth pressure distribution, and potential failure surface. The test results show that under different reinforcement laying conditions, the maximum horizontal displacement of the lower wall panel appears at the top of the lower retaining wall, and the maximum horizontal displacement of the upper wall panel appears at 0.6H. The settlement of the top of the wall decreases by about 9.1% when the reinforcement is laid in the lower layer. Under the condition of 160 kPa, the maximum horizontal and vertical earth pressures increase by about 19.2 and 12.4%, respectively, and the position of the potential fracture surface of the lower wall moves up to the back of the wall with the position of the reinforcement laying. When the reinforcement is laid in the upper layer, the fracture surface of the upper wall is furthest away from the panel.
Abnormal methylation caused by folic acid deficiency in neural tube defects
Authors: Cao Rui , Xie Jun , Zhang Li
Published: December 2022

Neural tube closure disorders, including anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, cause neural tube defects (NTDs). This congenital disability remained not only a major contributor to the prevalence of stillbirths and neonatal deaths but also a significant cause of lifelong physical disability in surviving infants. NTDs are complex diseases caused by multiple etiologies, levels, and mechanisms. Currently, the pathogenesis of NTDs is considered to be associated with both genetic and environmental factors. Here, we aimed to review the research progress on the etiology and mechanism of NTDs induced by methylation modification caused by folic acid deficiency. Folic acid supplementation in the diet is reported to be beneficial in preventing NTDs. Methylation modification is one of the most important epigenetic modifications crucial for brain neurodevelopment. Disturbances in folic acid metabolism and decreased S-adenosylmethionine levels lead to reduced methyl donors and methylation modification disorders. In this review, we summarized the relationship between NTDs, folic acid metabolism, and related methylation of DNA, imprinted genes, cytoskeletal protein, histone, RNA, and non-coding RNA, so as to clarify the role of folic acid and methylation in NTDs and to better understand the various pathogenesis mechanisms of NTDs and the effective prevention.
Limitations of the Yang’s breaking wave force formula and its improvement under a wider range of breaker conditions
Authors: Yang Xing , Cai Kaixi
Published: December 2022

Some commonly used empirical formulas (e.g., Soviet CHиПII57-75, Ikeno-Tanaka, Führböter-Sparboom, and Stanczak) for estimating plunging breaker wave slamming pressure on sea dike surface do not take into account the comprehensive influence of the wave steepness, slope angle, and breaker height and depth on the loads, and the Yang formula eliminates the drawback. The Yang formula is derived based on an analysis of the impulse in the breaking wave tongue and the kinetic and potential energy in the wave tongue. But the limited range of the Yang formula is 0.5 ≤ ξ ≤ 3.3 and 0.01 ≤ tan α ≤ 0.44; otherwise, its prediction error will greatly increase. In addition, some parameters in the Yang formula need to be optimized. The aim of this project is to revise the Yang formula for improving its performance and making it suitable for a wider range of hydraulic conditions and bottom slope conditions. A constant term in the Yang formula is replaced by the function obtained by analysis, and the calculation method of breaking wave height in the formula is also changed. The resulting formula is of interest because the comparison of the formula with some measurements is done well.
Cultural Differences in the Construction of Gender: A Thematic Analysis of Gender Representations in American, Spanish, and Czech Children’s Literature
Authors: Roberts Lucy , Bačová Karolina , Sendín Tigist Llaudet , Urban Marek
Published: December 2022

Children’s literature provides a critical method of socialization and familiarization with gender roles, providing examples, boundaries, and limitations for gender identity construction. While extensive research has been done on how children’s literature depicts both traditional and non-traditional gender roles, very little research has been published on the cultural differences between literary representations. The aim of the present paper is to describe the representations of social roles of men and women in American, Czech, and Spanish children’s books published between 2010 and 2020. Three best-selling children’s picture books from each year from each respective culture were selected and analyzed, culminating in a thematic analysis of ninety-nine books. Using inductive thematic analysis, the study found all three cultures to be conservative in their depictions of gender roles, with Czech books as the most likely to feature traditional gender roles. Spanish books are more, and American books are the most subversive in their depiction of gender roles, containing an increasing number of non-traditional elements over an examined time period.
Modeling and validation of the volume effect on the axial fan transient performance
Authors: Yuchen Dai , Manxiang Song , Donghai Jin , Xingmin Gui , Xiaoheng Liu
Published: December 2022

Since Professor Greziter first proposed a theoretical model to predict the dynamic behavior of a compression system in 1976, the contribution of the volume effect to compressor flow instabilities has been widely studied, but the role of volume effect on the compressor performance during acceleration and deceleration has not received much attention. Therefore, starting from the Greitzer lumped parameter approach and integrating with real engine simulated components to improve the Greitzer’s model, an engine transient simulation model accounting for the compressor volume effect (referred to as the unsteady model) is developed in this paper. Based on a real turbofan engine, transient examination comprising acceleration and deceleration has been conducted for the validation of the unsteady model. The simulation results show better agreement with the experimental data compared with the transient simulation without considering the compressor volume effect (referred to as the quasi-steady model), which confirms the importance of introducing the compressor volume effect into the engine transient modeling. And the cause of the deviation between unsteady model and quasi-steady model are further explained by the compressor inlet and outlet mass flow curve. The results may further contribute to the development of engine transient model.
Lumateperone Normalizes Pathological Levels of Acute Inflammation through Important Pathways Known to Be Involved in Mood Regulation
Authors: Dutheil Sophie , Watson Luke S. , Davis Robert E. , Snyder Gretchen L.
Published: December 2022

Lumateperone is indicated for the treatment of schizophrenia in adults and for depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder (bipolar depression) in adults, as monotherapy and as adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate (Calabrese et al., 2021). It is currently under evaluation for the treatment of major depressive disorder (www.ClinicalTrials.gov). Lumateperone acts by selectively modulating serotonin, dopamine, and glutamate neurotransmission in the brain. However, other mechanisms could be involved in the actions of lumateperone, and because of the connection between the immune system and psychiatric health, we hypothesized that lumateperone might improve symptoms of depression, at least in part, by normalizing pathologic inflammation. Here, we show that in male and female C57BL/6 mice subjected to an acute immune challenge, lumateperone reduced aberrantly elevated levels of key proinflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) in both brain and serum; lumateperone also reduced proinflammatory cytokines in male mice under acute behavioral stress. Further, we demonstrate that lumateperone altered key genes/pathways involved in maintaining tissue integrity and supporting blood–brain barrier function, such as claudin-5 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1. In addition, in acutely stressed male Sprague Dawley rats, lumateperone conferred anxiolytic- and antianhedonic-like properties while enhancing activity in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway in the PFC. Together, our preclinical findings indicate that lumateperone, in addition to its ability to modulate multiple neurotransmitter systems, could also act by reducing the impact of acute inflammatory challenges.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLumateperone is indicated in adults to treat schizophrenia and depressive episodes associated with bipolar I or II disorder, as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy with lithium or valproate. Because aberrant immune system activity is associated with increased depressive symptoms, the relationship between lumateperone and immune function was studied. Here, lumateperone reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines that were increased following an immune challenge or stress in mice. Additionally, lumateperone altered genes and pathways that maintain blood–brain barrier integrity, restored an index of blood–brain barrier function, reduced anxiety-like behavior in rodents, and enhanced mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 pathway signaling in the PFC. These results highlight the anti-inflammatory actions of lumateperone and describe how lumateperone may reduce immune pathophysiology, which is associated with depressive symptoms.
Estrous Cycle Mediates Midbrain Neuron Excitability Altering Social Behavior upon Stress
Authors: Shanley Mary R. , Miura Yuka , Guevara Christopher A. , Onoichenco Amanda , Kore Rufina , Ustundag Emine , Darwish Rania , Renzoni Lauren , Urbaez Ashley , Blicker Ella , Seidenberg Alec , Milner Teresa A. , Friedman Allyson K.
Published: December 2022

The estrous cycle is a potent modulator of neuron physiology. In rodents,in vivoventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine (DA) activity has been shown to fluctuate across the estrous cycle. Although the behavioral effect of fluctuating sex steroids on the reward circuit is well studied in response to drugs of abuse, few studies have focused on the molecular adaptations in the context of stress and motivated social behaviors. We hypothesized that estradiol fluctuations across the estrous cycle acts on the dopaminergic activity of the VTA to alter excitability and stress response. We used whole-cell slice electrophysiology of VTA DA neurons in naturally cycling, adult female C57BL/6J mice to characterize the effects of the estrous cycle and the role of 17β-estradiol on neuronal activity. We show that the estrous phase alters the effect of 17β-estradiol on excitability in the VTA. Behaviorally, the estrous phase during a series of acute variable social stressors modulates subsequent reward-related behaviors. Pharmacological inhibition of estrogen receptors in the VTA before stress during diestrus mimics the stress susceptibility found during estrus, whereas increased potassium channel activity in the VTA before stress reverses stress susceptibility found during estrus as assessed by social interaction behavior. This study identifies one possible potassium channel mechanism underlying the increased DA activity during estrus and reveals estrogen-dependent changes in neuronal function. Our findings demonstrate that the estrous cycle and estrogen signaling changes the physiology of DA neurons resulting in behavioral differences when the reward circuit is challenged with stress.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe activity of the ventral tegmental area encodes signals of stress and reward. Dopaminergic activity has been found to be regulated by both local synaptic inputs as well as inputs from other brain regions. Here, we provide evidence that cycling sex steroids also play a role in modulating stress sensitivity of dopaminergic reward behavior. Specifically, we reveal a correlation of ionic activity with estrous phase, which influences the behavioral response to stress. These findings shed new light on how estrous cycle may influence dopaminergic activity primarily during times of stress perturbation.
Ignoring and Preserving the European Identity
Authors: Borst Christina
Published: December 2022

N/A
Reagan Administration and Afghanistan
Authors: Cristinzio Michael
Published: December 2022

N/A
Constraints of Empire
Authors: Dieterich Lauren
Published: December 2022

N/A
Drying of eucalyptus logs from plantations with different spacing between trees
Authors: da Silva Willian Martins , Zanuncio Antonio José Vinha , Carvalho Amélia Guimarães , de Castro Vinícius Rezende , Carneiro Angélica de Cassia Oliveira , Araújo Solange de Oliveira
Published: December 2022

The adoption of dense plantations can reduce the drying time of the logs, by optimizing this step. This study evaluated the drying of eucalyptus wood from plantations with different spacing (3 × 4; 3 × 3; 2 × 3; 1 × 3 m). Five trees were selected per treatment. Logs were removed from the base and at 50% and 100% of commercial height for drying evaluation for 60 days. The diameters of the eucalyptus trees from plantations with wider spacing were bigger, and the productivity per hectare was not affected by the spacing between trees. The planting spacing did not affect the initial moisture, which was higher for those removed from the top of the trees. The logs from the base from the denser spacing showed a drying rate 2.5 times higher than the same logs from the treatment with greater spacing, reducing the final moisture from 37.2 to 18.8%. The logs removed from the top of the trees reached the equilibrium moisture after the drying period. The reduction in the planting spacing reduced the wood moisture and the difference in this parameter between the logs removed from the base and top of the eucalyptus trunks.
The use of environmentally friendly abrasive blasting media for paint removal from wood surfaces
Authors: Kılınç İzham , Budakçı Mehmet , Korkmaz Mustafa
Published: December 2022

This study determined some physical changes that occur on wood surfaces aged in a marine environment resulting from the removal of coatings using environmentally friendly media blasting. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood coated with water-borne and synthetic paints was exposed to a marine environment for 100 days. The aged paint layers were removed using five different media (sodium bicarbonate, hazelnut shell granules, corncob granules, walnut shell granules, and apricot kernel granules), varying blasting angles (45° and 90°), blasting distances (7 and 10 cm), air pressures (2 and 2.5 bar), and nozzle diameters (0.5 and 0.8 mm) using an automated blasting cabinet. The results showed that corn cob granules and sodium bicarbonate were less effective than other media for removing paint layers at the application parameters. The samples were tested for hardness, gloss, and total color change. Samples exhibited a remarkable total color change and gloss increase when the blasting distance was increased from 7 cm to 10 cm, while their hardness decreased. The highest gloss value was obtained on surfaces blasted with a nozzle diameter of 0.5 cm. Surfaces blasted with a nozzle diameter of 8 mm, however, yielded the highest total color change and hardest values.