bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Altitudinal and Temporal Variations of Near-Surface Air Temperature Lapse Rate on the Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountains
Authors: Yang Yongke , Xiao Pengfeng , Zhang Xueliang , Feng Xuezhi , Wang Jiangeng , Ye Nan , Wang Zuo , He Guangjun , Ye Lizao
Published: October 2022

Near-surface air temperature lapse rate (NSATLR) is vital for hydrological simulation and mountain climate research in snowmelt-dominated regions. In this study, NSATLRs of two vertical zones (i.e., mountain grassland–coniferous forest belt and alpine meadow belt) of the Manasi River basin on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains were calculated using the near-surface air temperature data from 18 observation stations. Furthermore, temporal variations of NSATLRs of these two vertical zones at seasonal, monthly, and daily scales were analyzed, combined with altitudinal differences of local environments. The results show that the temporal variations of NSATLRs are different between these two vertical zones. The steepest monthly NSATLR occurs in July in the mountain grassland–coniferous forest belt and in April in the alpine meadow belt. In spring, summer, and autumn, the hourly NSATLRs in the mountain grassland–coniferous forest belt generally steepen with increasing solar radiation and vice versa, contrary to those in the alpine meadow belt. During winter, the hourly NSATLRs on sunny days are overall positive at night but negative during the day in the mountain grassland–coniferous forest belt. The findings of this study indicate that it is necessary to divide mountains with similar local environments to the study area into different vertical zones to accurately estimate NSATLR, and the use of a fixed NSATLR for different months and vertical zones is not suitable for snowmelt runoff modeling in snow-dominated regions such as the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains.

Significance Statement

This study aims to investigate the altitudinal and temporal variations of near-surface air temperature lapse rate (NSATLR) on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains and how mountain environments affect NSATLR. This is important because altitudinal differences of mountain environments lead to different NSATLRs, and these altitudinal variations on the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains are different from those on the Alps at the same latitude. Our results explain how altitudinal differences of mountain environments affect NSATLRs; hence, using a fixed NSATLR for different months and vertical zones is inappropriate, and estimating NSATLRs for different vertical zones is necessary.
Biophysical Impact of Land-Use and Land-Cover Change on Subgrid Temperature in CMIP6 Models
Authors: Tang Tao , Lee Xuhui , Zhang Keer , Cai Lei , Lawrence David M. , Shevliakova Elena
Published: October 2022

In this study, we investigate the air temperature response to land-use and land-cover change (LULCC; cropland expansion and deforestation) using subgrid land model output generated by a set of CMIP6 model simulations. Our study is motivated by the fact that ongoing land-use activities are occurring at local scales, typically significantly smaller than the resolvable scale of a grid cell in Earth system models. It aims to explore the potential for a multimodel approach to better characterize LULCC local climatic effects. On an annual scale, the CMIP6 models are in general agreement that croplands are warmer than primary and secondary land (psl; mainly forests, grasslands, and bare ground) in the tropics and cooler in the mid–high latitudes, except for one model. The transition from warming to cooling occurs at approximately 40°N. Although the surface heating potential, which combines albedo and latent heat flux effects, can explain reasonably well the zonal mean latitudinal subgrid temperature variations between crop and psl tiles in the historical simulations, it does not provide a good prediction on subgrid temperature for other land tile configurations (crop vs forest; grass vs forest) under Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 5–8.5 (SSP5–8.5) forcing scenarios. A subset of simulations with the CESM2 model reveals that latitudinal subgrid temperature variation is positively related to variation in net surface shortwave radiation and negatively related to variation in the surface energy redistribution factor, with a dominant role from the latter south of 30°N. We suggest that this emergent relationship can be used to benchmark the performance of land surface parameterizations and for prediction of local temperature response to LULCC.
False Positive Rate Among Pediatric Appendicitis Patients Transferred to a Tertiary Children’s Hospital
Authors: Grant Matthew T. , MacGregor Robert M. , Vrecenak Jesse D.
Published: October 2022

Background

Many patients with suspected appendicitis are initially evaluated at outlying hospitals and then transferred to a tertiary care pediatric hospital for surgical management. We sought to evaluate whether diagnosis prior to transfer provides a reliable basis for direct admission to a pediatric surgery service.

Methods

Patients transferred during calendar year 2018 with the principal diagnosis of acute appendicitis were compared based on the service accepting the patient: Emergency Department (ED) or Pediatric Surgery (PS). Data were evaluated using Student’s t-tests.

Results

Overall patient characteristics were consistent among ED and PS transfers. The number of patients accepted directly to PS underwent significantly more computed tomography (80.2% vs 54.1%, P = .0002). Despite diagnostic “confirmation” with cross-sectional imaging, 14.7% of patients admitted directly to PS were found to be false positives.

Conclusion

A significant proportion of patients referred to pediatric hospitals for appendicitis do not require admission or operation. A protocol which encourages cross-sectional imaging before PS evaluation may subject children to unnecessary radiation and still result in non-surgical admissions. Routine ED transfer allows PS evaluation, targeted imaging, and discharge for non-surgical patients. This approach decreases costs for the families whose children received a false positive diagnosis at a referring facility, while preserving inpatient bed availability.
From physical to virtual to digital: The Synthetic Environment and its impact on Canadian defence policy
Authors: Budning Kevin , Wilner Alex , Cote Guillaume
Published: October 2022

The Synthetic Environment (SE) takes the power of computing, digital processing, artificial intelligence, extended reality technology, and other advancements borrowed from the gaming industry to create a computer simulation with near-perfect levels of realism. Designed to enable connectivity across all domains and platforms, SE has the potential to dramatically improve military training, force development, situational awareness, and communications. Our article provides a technical overview of SE and offers a high-level analysis of its use in Canada, the US, UK, and Australia. Informed by dozens of interviews and a roundtable workshop held with experts from academia, industry, and government, this article relates SE to Canada’s future defence policy. We argue that leveraging SE effectively will require that Canada commit to a long-term SE program, promote new government-industry partnerships, encourage top-down leadership from both civilian and military officials, and consolidate domestic skillsets and industry knowhow to maintain and retain Canadian sovereignty.
Modeling matrix crack/delamination interaction in a double edge notch tension specimen via a divisible cohesive element with damage state mapping
Authors: Smith Austin , Madvahadas Ramnath  , De Carvalho Nelson
Published: October 2022

This work investigates the simulated kinematics of matrix crack/delamination interaction in predictions of damage progression of a double edge notch tension specimen. Based on previous work, a divisible cohesive element (Div-CE) is implemented in a three-dimensional finite-element (FE) framework with the Floating Node Method (FNM). Unlike conventional cohesive elements (CEs), the Div-CE captures the correct kinematics when matrix cracks and delaminations interact.

First, the Div-CE implementation is generalized to prevent artificial healing, which can occur under non-monotonic loading conditions. When elements are split to represent cracks with the FNM, the proposed Div-CE scheme handles the complex partitioning and integration of the resulting cohesive-zone sub-elements. Furthermore, as additional cracks interact and partitions are updated, damage state variables are also updated and mapped to new partitions, which prevents artificial healing, yielding a general formulation. The proposed element formulation is verified using single-element models demonstrating its generality and accuracy.

Second, the approach is applied to the modeling of a double edge notch tension specimen. The results obtained with Div-CEs at the ply interface are compared to those obtained with only conventional CEs, and both are compared to the experiments. Overall, the simulated mechanical response and damage morphology, which exhibited extensive matrix crack/delamination interaction, agreed closely to that which was observed experimentally. Notably, the simulations using Div-CEs produced consistently correct damage morphologies with meshes three times coarser than those performed with conventional CEs. Furthermore, contrary to previous studies, the results obtained suggest that the correct failure morphology can be captured without including shear-nonlinearity.
Young Bereaved Siblings of Security Personnel in Israel: The Role of Parents and Professional Helpers in Satisfying Their Needs
Authors: Cohen Ayala , Mehlhausen-Hassoen David
Published: October 2022

This paper addresses bereavement of young siblings of security personnel in Israel. It focuses on their needs and their satisfaction. It examines interactions between the siblings, their parents, and professional helpers in this respect. This paper is based on a qualitative study utilizing focus groups of adult bereaved siblings, bereaved parents, and professional helpers. The cross-referencing analysis of the findings revealed distinct patterns of behavior, family dynamics, and interactions with professional helpers, often causing the needs of young bereaved siblings to remain unmet. Professional intervention with young bereaved siblings is recommended through all stages of bereavement, in order to better meet their needs.
Relationship Between Warm Childhood Memories and Mobile Phone Addiction: A Moderated Mediation Model
Authors: Zheng Xianliang , Huang Lijuan , Xie Zhihua , Peng Linlu , Zhou Xiangsen
Published: October 2022

Childhood experiences have an important effect on mobile phone addiction, but the relationship between positive childhood experiences and mobile phone addiction and its underlying mechanisms should be explored further. This study aims to explore a model linking early memories of warmth and safeness to mobile phone addiction via the mediating role of alexithymia and moderating role of negative coping styles. A total of 379 Chinese college students ( Mage = 19.80 years, SD = 1.38; 240 females) completed a questionnaire consisting of the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, Toronto Alexithymia Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Scale, and Negative Coping Styles Scale. Results indicate that early memories of warmth and safeness are negatively correlated with mobile phone addiction, and alexithymia plays a mediating role in the link between early memories of warmth and safeness and mobile phone addiction. In addition, negative coping styles significantly moderate the relationship between early memories of warmth and safeness and alexithymia, specifically, the negative association between early memories of warmth and safeness and alexithymia is highly significant at high (vs. low) negative coping styles levels. The findings suggest that early memories of warmth and safeness are an important protective factor against mobile phone addiction, which enrich the literature on mobile phone addiction and provide empirical support for the prevention of mobile phone addiction.
Changes in Pre- and Post-adenoidectomy Bacterial Profile in Children With Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Zhang Wei , Tang Lixing , Chen Xiaoxu , Wang Pengpeng , Yang Xiaojian , Xiao Xiao , Han Yang , Ge Wentong
Published: October 2022

Objective

We aimed to investigate the difference between the bacterial profiles of the nasal cavities and adenoid surfaces of children with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). We also intended to determine and analyze the potential correlation between the pre- and post-adenoidectomy differences in the nasal bacterial profile and clinical prognosis.

Methods

The clinical information of pediatric patients was collected. All the children underwent adenoidectomy (with or without tonsillectomy), and swab samples were collected during the operation. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. At the 12-month follow-up examination, swab samples were collected again. PCR amplification was performed of the v3-v4 variable regions of 16S rRNA of the collected specimens, as well as high-throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform. The species information was obtained by OTUs clustering, species annotation, and α-diversity analysis.

Results

Twenty-two male and eight female pediatric patients were included in the investigation The most abundant genus level bacterial representatives on the nasal surface before adenoidectomy were Moraxella catarrh, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus, whereas on the surface of adenoids, they were Streptococcus pneumonia, Haemophilus influenza, Nucleobacter, and Moraxella catarrhalis. One year postoperatively, the bacteria with the highest abundance on the nasal surface at the genus level were Moraxella catarrhalis, Streptococcus pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, and non-culturable Dolosigranulum. One year postoperatively, the bacterial richness in the nasal cavity was significantly higher than at baseline ( P < .05). Furthermore, the subjective nasal score of all children significantly decreased at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively ( P < .01).

Conclusion

The preoperative bacterial abundance of the nasal cavity and the adenoid surfaces was similar, showing a clear correlation. No single specific bacterium was established to be a dominant species associated with the development of CRS in children. The post-adenoidectomy bacterial richness in the nasal cavity was significantly increased, which may be closely related to the relief of postoperative sinusitis symptoms.
High-protein diets and testosterone
Authors: Whittaker Joseph
Published: October 2022

A recent meta-analysis found low-carbohydrate, high-protein diets (> 3.4 g/kg of bodyweight/day) (g/kg/day) decreased men's total testosterone (∼5.23 nmol/L) [Whittaker and Harris (2022) Low-carbohydrate diets and men's cortisol and testosterone: systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrition and Health. DOI: 10.1177/02601060221083079]. This finding has generated substantial discussion, however, it has often lacked clarity and context, with the term ‘high-protein’ being used unqualified. Firstly, diets < 3.4 g/kg/day are not associated with a consistent decrease in testosterone. Secondly, the average protein intake is ∼1.3 g/kg/day, conventional ‘high-protein’ diets are ∼1.8–3 g/kg/day and the vast majority of athletes are < 3.4 g/kg/day; meaning very few individuals will ever surpass 3.4 g/kg/day. To avoid such confusion in the future, the following definitions are proposed: very high (> 3.4 g/kg/day), high (1.9–3.4 g/kg/day), moderate (1.25–1.9 g/kg/day) and low (<1.25 g/kg/day). Using these, very high-protein diets (> 3.4 g/kg/day) appear to decrease testosterone, however high- and moderate-protein diets (1.25–3.4 g/kg/day) do not.
Pathology of catheter-related complications: what we need to know and what should be discovered
Authors: Wang Lihua , Jia Lan , Jiang Aili
Published: October 2022

Despite the considerable efforts made to increase the prevalence of autogenous fistula in patients on hemodialysis, tunneled cuffed catheters are still an important access modality and used in a high percentage of the hemodialysis population. However, because of the conundrum posed by tunneled cuffed catheters, patients can develop a multitude of complications, including thrombosis, infections, formation of a fibrin sheath, and central vein stenosis, resulting in increased morbidity and mortality as well as placing a heavy burden on the healthcare system. However, with an increasing number of studies now focusing on how to manage these catheter-related complications, there has been less translational research on the pathology of these complications. This review of the most recent literature provides an update on the pathological aspects of catheter-related complications, highlighting what we need to know and what is yet to be discovered. The future research strategies and innovations needed to prevent these complications are also addressed.
Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Is Not Superior to Anatomic Single-Bundle Reconstruction at 10-Year Follow-up: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Balasingam Sadesh , Karikis Ioannis , Rostgård-Christensen Lars , Desai Neel , Ahldén Mattias , Sernert Ninni , Kartus Juri
Published: October 2022

Background:

The anatomic double-bundle (DB) technique is purported to be a superior technique due to its mimicking of the double-stranded anatomic formation of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Previous studies with 2-, 5- and 10-year follow-up are conflicted as to whether this technique is superior to the previous gold standard method of ACL reconstruction, the anatomic single-bundle (SB) reconstruction.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The aim of this prospective randomized study was to compare the outcomes of the anatomic DB technique and anatomic SB technique with independent drilling at 10 years after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction. We hypothesized that DB ACL reconstruction would result in a better outcome in terms of the pivot-shift test.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 105 patients (33 women, 72 men; median age, 27 years [range, 18-52 years]) were randomized and underwent ACL reconstruction (DB group: n = 53; SB group: n = 52). All reconstruction procedures were performed anatomically by identifying the ACL footprint, using the anteromedial portal for femoral tunnel drilling, and utilizing interference screws for tibial and femoral fixation. One blinded observer examined the patients both preoperatively and at follow-up (median, 120 months [range, 112-134 months]). Multiple subjective and objective clinical evaluations were used to assess the outcomes. Radiographic assessments of osteoarthritis were performed using the Ahlbäck, Kellgren-Lawrence, and Fairbank classification systems early postoperatively and at the final follow-up.

Results:

Preoperatively, no differences were found between the study groups. Overall, 70 patients (67%; DB group: n = 39; SB group: n = 31) were available for analysis at 10-year follow-up. No significant difference could be shown between the groups in terms of the pivot-shift grade, knee laxity measurements using the KT-1000 arthrometer, manual Lachman grade, single-leg hop test result, range of motion measurements, Lysholm knee score, Tegner activity score, and Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) score. Correspondingly, no differences were found between the groups regarding the presence of radiographic osteoarthritis at follow-up. Both groups improved at follow-up compared with preoperatively in terms of the pivot-shift grade, knee laxity measurements using the KT-1000 arthrometer, manual Lachman grade, Lysholm knee score, and KOOS score ( P < .05 [highest P value for any comparison]).

Conclusion:

The anatomic DB technique was not superior to the anatomic SB technique with independent drilling at 10-year follow-up in regard to objective and subjective measurements. As such, one could argue that there is no need for the continued use of the anatomic DB technique in an unselected population.
Adolescence as a peak period of borderline personality features? A meta-analytic approach
Authors: Aleva Anouk , Laceulle Odilia M , Denissen Jaap JA , Hessels Christel J , van Aken Marcel AG
Published: October 2022

This meta-analysis of cross-sectional data aimed to shed light on the often assumed peak in mean-level of borderline personality features during middle to late adolescence (i.e. age 17–22). Borderline personality features were operationalized through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Search terms were entered into PsycINFO and Scopus. A total of 168 samples were included in the analyses, comprising 25,053 participants. Mean age ranged from 14.35 to 51.47 years ( M = 29.01, SD = 8.52) and mean number of borderline personality features from 0 to 8.10 ( M = 4.59, SD = 2.34). The hypothesized peak between age 17 and 22 was not substantiated by the confirmatory ANOVA analysis. However, subsequent exploratory GAM analysis provided evidence for a peak at 29.4 years. Caution is needed in interpreting these findings given that different trends appeared when GAM models were constructed separately for community, patient and borderline personality disorder (BPD) samples. Age differences in community samples indicated a significant linear decline in mean-level of borderline personality features over time. A linear rising trend was found in BPD samples. As a between-person mean-level approach was used in the current study, future longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate if between-person age difference generalize to within-person changes.
Assessment of industry’s perception of effective mechanisms to stimulate academia–industry collaboration in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Nsanzumuhire Silas U , Groot Wim , Cabus Sofie J , Ngoma Marie-Pierre , Masengesho Joseph
Published: October 2022

To reach the desired level of university–industry collaboration (UIC) in Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries, specific strategies and operational mechanisms are needed. For this, an in-depth understanding of the specificities of the context concerning the UIC influencing factors is necessary. Such an understanding is still limited in SSA. This study evaluates industry’s perception regarding UIC and its stimulating mechanisms using unique primary data collected from 125 agro-processing companies operating in Rwanda. Data on companies’ preferences for stimulating mechanisms were collected using a discrete choice experiment (DCE). The findings indicate a low level of perceived value from current UIC activities. The most hampering challenges are related to the fact that students are not well prepared to take part in collaboration activities and to irrelevant research outputs. Companies’ preferences regarding stimulating mechanisms are mainly the provision of financial incentives for instilling commitment, the use of an external independent company as a form of UIC governance and building trust using the provision of high-quality graduates and research. The study draws on industry preferences to make recommendations on the best way to stimulate UIC in developing countries.
Research on the dynamic characteristic of a Seawater-Hydraulic-Relief-Valve with a damping orifice
Authors: Zhang Zuti , Bao Chunhan , Xu Shuangjie , Liang Yunzhi , Long Xinping , Zhang Zenglei
Published: October 2022

Seawater-Hydraulic-Relief-Valve (SWHRV) is a significant control component for Seawater-Hydraulic-System in underwater equipment. It makes the Seawater-Hydraulic-System operate within the relief pressure range and ensure the safety of the whole Seawater-Hydraulic-System. The performance of a SWHRV with an orifice and damping chamber is researched in this paper. The nonlinear mathematic model is built based on the operation principal and the visualization graphic simulation model is built by use of AMESim software. The simulation results indicates it has well static performances and satisfies the industrial requirements. Its rated opening pressure is 100 bar, and the releasing flowrate reaches 100 l/min when the pressure increase to 107 bar. The pressure adjusting range is between 100 bar and 205 bar. And the maximum releasing flowrate is as high as 1600 l/min at the pressure of 205 bar. Due to the damping orifice and chamber, a damping force would generate accompanying with the dynamitic motion of the spool. The opening dynamic characteristic is evidently improved though the shutting time becomes longer in comparison with the relief valve without orifice. The pressure oscillation is eliminated and it could reach the steady state ultimately. Furthermore, the effect of the damping orifice and chamber’s structure parameters on the dynamitic characteristic is analyzed. The orifice’s cross-sectional area is the main effect factor and the influence of the initial chamber volume can be neglected. Finally, the relief valve achieves well dynamic characteristic with the peak time 0.003 s and the transition time 0.015 s. The overshoot is about 20%. It has well performance with fast response, small overshoot and strong robustness.
Optimal development for a 3D-printed gripper for biomedical and micromanipulation applications by non-parametric regression-based metaheuristic technique
Authors: Tran Ngoc Thoai , Dang Minh Phung , Chau Ngoc Le , Shankar Subramaniam , Buddhi Dharam , Dao Thanh-Phong
Published: October 2022

With the advancement of bioengineering and robotic engineering, medical robots have been increasing concern about manipulating the microobject or cells. Although the rigid robots have a stable operation, they inherit many limitations such as the complex assembly process of joints-coupled rigid links and expensive costs. Especially, clearances between kinematic joints cause vibrations that damage microobject. To cope with such problems, a flexure-based polylactic acid (PLA) gripper is developed to realize precise motion in medical robots. The proposed gripper is 3D printed by fused deposition modeling technique with advantages of monolithic structure, jointless and cheap cost. Prior to the gripper fabrication, the optimization development of the gripper is conducted employing a combination of the non-parametric regression (NPR) and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). Numerical data samples are collected by the finite element method. The modeling results were well formulated utilizing the NPR method with the R2 value greater than 0.9. The Pareto-optimum design results identified that the gripper can provide a high displacement of 2 mm and a small stress of 41 MPa via MOGA. Additionally, the proposed flexure-based compliant PLA gripper can work with a safety factor higher than 1.6. The experiment tests on the prototype of the gripper are close to the estimated values.
Nonparametric Bayesian functional selection in 1-M matched case-crossover studies
Authors: Gao Wenyu , Kim Inyoung , Park Eun Sug
Published: October 2022

The matched case-crossover study has been used in many areas such as public health, biomedical, and epidemiological research for humans, animals, and other subjects with clustered binary outcomes. The control information for each stratum is based on the subject’s exposure experience, and the stratifying variable is the individual subject. It is generally accepted that any effects associated with the matching covariates by stratum can be removed in the conditional logistic regression model. However, when there are numerous covariates, it is important to perform variable selection to study the functional association between the variables and the relative risk of diseases or clustered binary outcomes by simultaneously adjusting effect modifications. The methods for simultaneously evaluating effect modifications by matching covariates such as time, as well as performing automatic variable and functional selections under semiparametric model frameworks, are quite limited. In this article, we propose a unified Bayesian approach due to its ability to detect both parametric and nonparametric relationships between the predictors and the relative risk of diseases or binary outcomes, accounting for potential effect modifications by matching covariates such as time, and perform automatic variable and functional selections. We demonstrate the advantages of our approach using simulation study and an epidemiological example of a 1-4 bidirectional case-crossover study.
Does Ownership Structure Affect Environmental, Social and Governance Activity? Evidence from the Banking System of an Emerging Economy
Authors: Agnese Paolo , Arduino Francesca Romana , Secondi Luca
Published: October 2022

In recent years, there is an increasing interest in the literature in investigating whether and how corporate ownership structure may influence corporate social responsibility (CSR), but despite some attempts, this relationship still lacks in-depth empirical exploration. Building on extant insights, we analyze the relationship between environmental, social and governance (ESG) activity and the ownership structure of the Indian banking system. Our sample includes 37 publicly traded Indian banks observed over the period 2015–2020. Through random effect regression models accounting for the existence of selection bias, we find that the banks’ decision to engage in ESG activities is associated with the investors’ geographical region of origin rather than the types of investors. Our study brings knowledge to the extant literature, shedding light on the role of the ownership structure in driving ESG oriented decisions and actions.
Working With High Conflict Divorce and Custody Cases: An Interview With Lynn Louise Wonders
Authors: Pender Baum Rebecca L.
Published: October 2022

Dr. Rebecca Pender Baum interviews Lynn Louise Wonders, a licensed professional counselor and registered play therapist supervisor. Ms. Wonders has over 20 years of experience working with children and families. This interview focuses on her work and research into working with high conflict divorce and custody cases. Ms. Wonders discusses her book, When Parents are at War: A Child Therapist's Guide to Navigating High Conflict Divorce and Custody Cases, which highlights potential pitfalls to avoid and the importance of self-care and consultation.
National Cultural Moderates the Link Between Work Stress and Depression: An Analysis of Clinical Trial Projects Across Countries
Authors: Malik Tariq H. , Huo Chunhui
Published: October 2022

Work stress (WS) and depression have become globally ubiquitous, leading to high socioeconomic costs, including high suicide rates. Unfortunately, depression and its association with WS are often ignored in substantive empirical studies. The current study addresses this gap by exploring the direct link between WS and depression and the moderating link between WS and national culture. Based on appraisal stress theory and vitamin stress theory, we used clinical trial data from 100 countries, with 5918 clinical trial projects (1999–2020). The baseline hypothesis finds that the chances of WS exacerbating into depression is about 11 times higher than that of WS not exacerbating into depression. In the moderation hypothesis, cultural moderators show an increase or decrease in directional effects. The power distance moderator increases the odds of the net effect of WS from 11 to 38, the individualism moderator increases the odds of net effects of WS from 11 to 148, the masculinity moderator decreases the odds from 11 to 9, the uncertainty avoidance moderator decreases it from 11 to 0, and long-term orientation decreases it from 11 to 4.7. An increase or decrease in the net effect suggests that moderators decrease or increase the correlation, respectively. Power distance and individualism decrease the link between WS and depression, while masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term orientation increase it. Thus, our study contributes to WS issues, theories of cultural contingencies/structures, and the practice of mental health management.
Qualitative Analysis of the Roles of Physicians and Nurses in Providing Decision Support to Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Leukemia and Lymphoma
Authors: Morikawa Miharu , Shirai Yuki
Published: October 2022

Introduction

This study examined the roles of hematologists and other professionals in providing decision support to patients with relapsed or refractory leukemia and lymphoma.

Methods

This was a qualitative study using in-depth semi-structured interviews involving 11 hematologists in Japan.

Result

We identified 7 categories related to the roles of hematologists in providing direct decision support to patients: (1) preparing patients before informed consent, (2) selecting the information to convey, (3) choosing a method for conveying this information, (4) respecting the intentions of patients and their families, (5) directing decision-making and considering fairness, (6) considering the emotional aspects of patients and their families, and (7) providing support after discussing treatment options. We also identified the following 5 subcategories related to the roles of hematologists in multidisciplinary collaboration: (1) communicating with other professionals, (2) gathering information from them, (3) providing information to them, (4) managing the entire medical team, and (5) encouraging nurses to actively participate with patients throughout the decision-making process.

Conclusion

Through content analysis, the hematologist’s direct role in decision-making was extracted as preparation and consideration in situations where information about decision-making is communicated, and emotional support after the information is communicated. In addition, active participation in discussions, sharing information about the patient’s situation and relevant discussions, and emotional support as the hematologist’s expected roles in other professions were extracted. The results therefore suggest that a multidisciplinary team is needed to share information and provide multidimensional support to patients.
Second Malignant Tumors and Non-Tumor Causes of Death for Patients With Penile Cancer During Their Survivorship
Authors: Song Pan , Wu Xiaotian , Yang Luchen , Ma Kai , Liu Zhenghuan , Zhou Jing , Chen Junhao , Zhu Qing , Dong Qiang
Published: October 2022

Background

The aim was to evaluate the causes of death for patients with localized, regional and metastatic penile cancer (PeCa) after diagnosis.

Methods

PeCa patients diagnosed during 2004-2018 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program database were identified. Causes of deaths including PeCa, second malignant tumors (SMTs) and non-tumor diseases were analyzed, as well as the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) of each cause.

Results

For localized PeCa, 800 of 2155 patients died during the follow-up. 24.9% of all deaths were due to PeCa. 18.0% and 57.1% deaths were due to SMTs and non-tumor causes. Main SMTs included cancers of lung and bronchus (n = 40) and skin (n = 11) with significantly increased SMRs of 1.71 (1.22-2.33) and 4.82 (2.41-8.63). Mortality risks of other SMTs were mostly similar with the general populations. Main causes of non-tumor diseases included diseases of heart [n = 172, SMR: 1.66 (1.42-1.93)], COPD and allied cond [n = 38, SMR: 1.63 (1.15-2.24)], and cerebrovascular diseases [n = 33, SMR: 1.71 (1.17-2.4)]. For regional PeCa, 679 of 1310 patients died including 43.5% PeCa, 14.8% SMTs and 26.6% non-tumor causes. The mortality risks of cancers from lung and bronchus [SMR: 2.41 (1.53-3.62)], skin [SMR: 6.41 (2.35-13.95)] and testis [SMR: 149.35 (18.09-539.5)] were significantly increased. Main non-tumor causes of death included diseases of heart [n = 71, SMR: 1.77 (1.38-2.23)], COPD and allied cond [n = 17, SMR: 1.85 (1.08-2.95)] and diabetes mellitus [n = 16, SMR: 3.62 (2.07-5.88)]. For distant diseases, 109 of 132 patients died including 76 (69.7%) died for PeCa itself, 24 (22.0%) died for SMTs and 9 (8.3%) died for non-tumor diseases. The majority of PeCa deaths (67.1%) and SMTs deaths (79.2%) occurred within 1 year after the diagnosis of PeCa.

Conclusions

We firstly analyzed the SMTs and non-tumor causes of death and morality risks of each cause for PeCa patients, which provided valuable information for PeCa patients on disease prevention and health care during their survivorship.
Humor Can Increase Perceived Communicator Effectiveness Regardless of Race, Gender, and Expertise—If You are Funny Enough
Authors: Yeo Sara K. , Becker Amy B. , Cacciatore Michael A. , Anderson Ashley A. , Patel Kasha
Published: October 2022

Across a wide range of issues and a variety of sources, scientific information often gets lost in translation, failing to properly inform, educate, and engage publics in a meaningful way. But science communication is like a wine—it is better when it is outside the box. One promising tactic for more effective scientific communication is the use of humor to both engage and educate less interested and knowledgeable citizens on important topics. Here, we investigate whether the identity of a speaker influences perceptions of their effectiveness at connecting with and engaging public audiences. We conducted a 2 (Gender: Female vs. Male) × 2 (Race: Black Speaker vs. White Speaker) × 2 (Credentials: Scientist vs. Comedian) between-subjects experiment and found that race and gender of the source, relative to their credentials, were not significant factors for predicting the perceptions of communicator effectiveness. We also found that experienced humor, or mirth, moderated the relationship between the speaker’s credentials and perceived effectiveness. We discuss the implications of our findings for science communication research and practice.
Through Myths, Attitudes, or Norms? The Relationship Between Low Self-Control and Sexual Aggression
Authors: Vazsonyi Alexander T. , Karaman Neslihan Güney , Albayrak Hüsna , Liu Dan
Published: October 2022

This study tested the direct and indirect effects of low self-control on sexual aggression and violence, mediated through rape myth acceptance, date rape attitudes, and promiscuous sexual norms among college-aged men. Self-report data were collected from 369 male college students attending a large university in the southeastern United States. The final model with all three mediators indicated significant mediated effects through date rape attitudes as well as promiscuous sexual norms on sexual aggression; it explained 16% (Cox & Snell) and 23% (Nagelkerke) of the variance. Study findings support the importance of low self-control on sexual aggression among male college students.
Representation of solutions of strain gradient dual-phase-lag thermoelasticity and effects of scale-length parameter in half-space
Authors: Prasad Rashmi , Sachan Satyam , Kumar Roushan
Published: October 2022

This work concerns the strain gradient theory of thermoelasticity with dual-phase-lag model. We obtain the Galerkin-type representation solution of the field equations. The strain gradient scale-length parameter plays an essential role in the material response. Therefore, we analyze the microstructural effect through the scale-length parameter on an isotropic thermoelastic half-space. We formulate the problem with a suitable boundary condition. The solution of the different field variables such as temperature, displacement, stresses, and double stresses is obtained in the Laplace transform domain. Then, we apply a numerical method for Laplace inversion to find the solution for different fields in the physical domain. The results are displayed in graphical form to show the microstructural effect through the scale-length parameter.
Do Zoo Visitors Attend to Interpretive Elements in Interactive Animal Exhibit Spaces? A Case Study From ZooTampa’s Lorikeet Landing Aviary
Authors: Allen Jessica , Ogle Brian , Gray Kerry
Published: October 2022

This study examined the connection between guest engagement and interactions with provided interpretive elements within an interactive aviary at ZooTampa in Tampa, Florida. Survey data were collected at an interactive aviary where guests are provided the opportunity to feed the birds. Findings demonstrate that guests prefer to interact with a live interpreter versus posted exhibit signage, but interacting with the animals is the strongest indicator of desired outcomes. Furthermore, interactions with exhibit signage were not related to personal feelings of engagement, connection with animal, and enjoyment of watching the birds.
Crowds’ malice behind the screen: The normative influences of online dehumanization on discrimination against foreigners
Authors: Chen Gewei , Dang Jianning
Published: October 2022

With the ubiquitous presence of the Internet, comments that dehumanize foreigners are frequently found on social networking platforms. These comments may function as dehumanizing norms and facilitate discrimination against foreigners in the offline world. In the current research, three studies were conducted to explore this possibility. Study 1 was a correlational study that revealed a positive association between dehumanizing norms and discrimination against foreigners. Studies 2 and 3 manipulated dehumanizing norms and found that these norms promoted discrimination against foreigners via increased prejudice toward them. Study 3 further measured perceived online anonymity and revealed that decreasing perceived online anonymity buffered the destructive influences of dehumanizing norms. In conclusion, to our knowledge, the current research represents the first attempt to empirically explore the normative influences of dehumanization on discrimination against foreigners and provides practical implications for comment management on the Internet.
Examining audience perspectives on local newspaper futures
Authors: Hess Kristy , Waller Lisa , Lai Jerry
Published: October 2022

When it comes to examining innovation and small-town newspapers, audience expectations and perspectives have received less focus than newsroom practices and processes. This article presents the findings of Australia’s most comprehensive national survey of local newspaper audiences ( n = 4116), which engaged with readers of more than 170 independently owned, small-town newspapers across the nation. The survey was underpinned by a ‘geo-social’ methodology, which provides a multidimensional framework for understanding the ‘place’ of newspapers in the digital age within their specific geographic context, in this case rural Australia. It used ordinal, nominal and qualitative questions to explore respondents’ experiences, histories, expectations and perspectives related to their local newspaper. Respondents were asked about their preferences for reading and receiving local news, what their newspaper can do better, and the policy debates and interventions shaping the sector. Results indicate a continued desire for the printed product, a passion for localness in terms of both production and content, and a greater say for local news audiences on the policies shaping the future of news in non-metropolitan settings.
Tourism community farmers’ livelihood adaptability response in the process of rural revitalization —— A two-way coupling model based on ecological service dependence and livelihood well-being
Authors: Rao Pinyang , Bai Peipei , Geng Yaxin
Published: October 2022

The sustainable development of “industry-ecology-well-being” is a strategic goal of rural revitalization. This study selects 10 typical tourist village communities in China as research sites. Based on the adaptability theory of social-economic-natural ecosystems, this study constructs a coupling model of the “ecological dependence-livelihood well-being” of farmers' in terms of adaptability and identifies the mechanism underlying farmers' adaptability to rural tourism disturbance in the context a microsituation by way of a multinominal logistics model. The results found that are as follows. (1) Rural tourism development enhances farmers’ livelihood adaptability, and “high ecological dependence-high livelihood well-being” has become the optimal response to tourism disturbance. (2) Changes in the human-land relationship constitute a fundamental factor in the adaptability responses of farmers to tourism disturbance, and government tourism support institutions are an important external driving force. This study provides useful decision-making support and policy suggestions for identifying the model of dynamic adaptation and impact mechanism of farmers in the context of tourism disturbance, thereby promoting the development of tourism, the consolidation and expansion of the key achievements of poverty alleviation and comprehensive rural revitalization.
“But there is a God”: Teaching Nat Turner in early childhood education
Authors: Johnson Marcus W
Published: October 2022

This study set out to gain a deeper understanding of how early childhood students, specifically Black boys in first and second grade, would respond to the teaching of historical figures and events traditionally omitted from classrooms. Contrary to general assumptions, these students were able to astutely contribute to classroom lessons, discussions, and interviews about Nat Turner, an enslaved Black American, who led a rebellion in 1831. Employing notions of Black intellectual thought and curricular and pedagogical resuscitation as theoretical frameworks, in addition to critical hermeneutic phenomenology as its methodology, this study highlights the voices of young Black boys often missing in early childhood discourse. Findings indicate that the students expressed a favorable assessment of Nat Turner and his comrades. The statement, “But there is a God,” ultimately confronts the unavailability and restricted options for Black humanity in a racist society, but also an awareness testifying to a self-ordained defense of the Black body. This study gives added perspective to the understanding of the early learning process, cultural meaning-making, and connection to a Black educational legacy spanning generations.
Awakening the essence of classroom community building
Authors: Acosta Melanie M , Woodard Paul
Published: October 2022

In continuing the legacy of community-mindedness, good Black educators today consistently enact emancipatory pedagogies designed to protect Black children’s personhood. Cultivating community in the classroom setting is one ritual they use toward affirming young Black children’s literate character, presence, and pursuits, and they do so in the midst of constant disruption to Black children’s language and literacy development imposed by eurocentric curriculum and instruction. This Afrocentric case study, or Afronography, draws on dialogic discussions and video-recorded teaching sessions to examine the classroom community-building practices of one African American woman educator during her literacy instruction with Black third graders. Data analysis revealed that the teacher created opportunities for her Black students to increase their sense of belonging in the classroom.