bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased activity of epithelial Cdc42 Rho GTPase and tight junction permeability in the Cftr knockout intestine
Authors: Woode Rowena A. , Strubberg Ashlee M. , Liu Jinghua , Walker Nancy M. , Clarke Lane L.
Published: August 2024

Increased tight junction localization and GTP-bound activity of the Rho GTPase Cdc42 was identified in small intestinal crypts and enteroids of cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane conductance regulator knockout (Cftr KO) mice. The increase in epithelial Cdc42 activity was associated with increased Wnt signaling. Paracellular flux of an uncharged solute (3 kDa dextran) in Cftr KO enteroids indicated a moderate leak permeability under basal conditions that was strongly exacerbated by Cdc42 inhibition. These findings suggest increased activity of Cdc42 in the Cftr KO intestine underlies alterations in intestinal permeability.
Adiponectin suppresses stiffness-dependent, profibrotic activation of lung fibroblasts
Authors: Nemeth Julia , Skronska-Wasek Wioletta , Keppler Sophie , Schundner Annika , Groß Alexander , Schoenberger Tanja , Quast Karsten , El Kasmi Karim C. , Ruppert Clemens , Günther Andreas , Frick Manfred
Published: August 2024

A hallmark of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is excessive fibroblast activation and extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition. The resulting increase in tissue stiffness amplifies fibroblast activation and drives disease progression. Dampening stiffness-dependent activation of fibroblasts could slow disease progression. We found that activation of the adipocytokine signaling pathway halts and reverses stiffness-induced, profibrotic fibroblast activation. Specific targeting of this signaling cascade may therefore provide therapeutic benefits in IPF.
Effect of physical activity in lymphocytes senescence burden in patients with COPD
Authors: Alfaro Enrique , Díaz-García Elena , García-Tovar Sara , Galera Raúl , Casitas Raquel , Martínez-Cerón Elisabet , Torres-Vargas María , Padilla José M. , López-Fernández Cristina , Pérez-Moreno Paula , García-Río Francisco , Cubillos-Zapata Carolina
Published: August 2024

For the first time, we identified in patients with COPD a relation between physical activity intervention with respiratory function improvement and cellular senescence burden in lymphocytes that improved the T cell functionality and proliferative capacity of patients. In addition, our experiments highlight the possible impact of T-cell senescence in other cell types which could be related to some of the clinical lung complications observed in COPD.
A new Anticalin protein for IL-23 inhibits non-type 2 allergen-driven mouse lung inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Brüggemann Thayse R. , Krishnamoorthy Nandini , Hagner Matthias , Matschiner Gabriele , Jaquin Thomas , Tavares Luciana P. , Peh Hong Yong , Levy Bruce D.
Published: August 2024

This is the first report of an Anticalin protein engineered to neutralize IL-23 (AcIL-23). Airway administration of AcIL-23 in mice regulated allergen-driven airway inflammation, mucous cell metaplasia, and methacholine-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. In mixed granulocytic allergic lung inflammation, immune regulation of IL-23 was broader than neutralization of either IL-17 or IL-5.
Clinical Efficacy of Huangkui Capsule Plus Methylprednisolone for Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy and Its Effect on Renal Function and Serum Inflammatory Factors
Authors: Yuan Lili , Cai Kan , Zou Yueji
Published: August 2024

Objective. To assess the clinical efficacy of Huangkui capsule plus methylprednisolone for immunoglobulin A (IgA) nephropathy and its effect on renal function and serum inflammatory factors. Methods. A total of 80 patients with IgA nephropathy admitted to our hospital from April 2019 to December 2021 were recruited and assigned (1 : 1) to receive either conventional drugs + methylprednisolone tablets (observation group) or conventional drugs + methylprednisolone tablets + Huangkui capsules (experimental group), with 40 patients in each group. Outcome measures included clinical efficacy, renal function indices, serum inflammatory factor levels, and adverse events. Results. The experimental group showed a significantly higher clinical efficacy versus the observation group (P < 0.05). Patients in the experimental group had significantly lower serum creatinine, serum urea nitrogen, fibrinogen, and 24 h urine protein levels than those in the observation group after treatment (P < 0.05). After treatment, the experimental group showed lower levels of tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 (MCP‐1) than the observation group (P < 0.05). The differences in the adverse events between the two groups did not come up to the statistical standard (P > 0.05). Conclusion. Huangkui capsule + methylprednisolone provides a feasible therapeutic option for IgA nephropathy by considerably boosting patients’ renal function, successfully lowering the inflammatory response, and producing a good safety profile.
Impact of Hydrogeological Characteristics on the Development of Underground Space Resources in Valley Cities
Authors: Zhang Lizhong , Liang Linde , Zhu Jixiang , Gan Tao , Yang Yamin , Wang Dun
Published: August 2024

The development of urban underground space is a crucial aspect of current urban development. However, various factors pose challenges during the development process. In particular, in the valley cities of western China, groundwater has a significant impact on the utilization of underground space. This study focuses on understanding the influence of hydrogeological characteristics on the development of underground space in Ledu District, Haidong. Firstly, the hydrogeological characteristics of the aquifer in the study area are analyzed to determine the recharge and discharge characteristics. The dynamic changes in the groundwater table over time are then examined. Subsequently, the hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater are investigated to expound on the influence mechanism of groundwater on the development of underground space resources in Ledu District. The study reveals that the hydrodynamic effect of groundwater in the study area is substantial and has a significant physical scouring effect on underground structures. The fluctuation of groundwater levels affects the stability of buildings by increasing groundwater buoyancy. Additionally, this fluctuation also leads to engineering and environmental problems such as differential settlement and land salinization. The chemical characteristics of groundwater primarily impact the stability of building foundations through the corrosive effects of groundwater composition. This research clarifies the influence mechanism of groundwater on the development of underground space in typical valley cities of western China. The findings have practical significance for the evaluation, planning, development, and utilization of urban underground space resources in Haidong.
Molecular Footprints of Potato Virus Y Isolate Infecting Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) in Kenya
Authors: Nyakio Maryrose , Were Mariam , Wekesa Clabe , Lungayia Henry , Okoth Patrick , Were Hassan
Published: August 2024

Potato virus Y (PVY) is a highly diverse and genetically variable virus with various strains. Differential evolutionary routes have been reported in the genus Potyvirus, caused by natural selection pressure, mutation, and recombination, with their virulence being dependent on different environmental conditions. Despite its significance and economic impact on Solanaceous species, the understanding of PVY’s phylogeography in Kenya remains limited and inadequately documented. The study centers on the molecular characterization of a Kenyan PVY isolate, GenBank accession number PP069009. In‐depth phylogenetic analysis unveiled a strong evolutionary association between the Kenyan isolate and isolate [JQ924287] from the United States of America, supported by a robust 92% probability. Recombinant analyses exposed a mosaic‐like genetic architecture within the Kenyan isolate, indicating multiple gene recombination events. Selection pressure scrutiny identified specific sites under selective pressure, with evidence of positive/diversifying and negative/purifying selection. Population genetics analysis revealed a calculated nucleotide diversity (π) of 0.00354881, while analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) unveiled a structured genetic landscape with an øST value of 0.45224. The extensive haplotype network depicted the possibility of diverse PVY strains occurring across continents. This analysis provides valuable insights into the genetic diversity and distribution of PVY globally, highlighting the importance of understanding evolutionary dynamics for effective management and control strategies of PVY on a global scale.
An Effective Sol‐Gel‐Functionalized Polyurethane Foams Solid Platform Packed Minicolumns for Complete Extraction of Chromium (VI) from Water: Kinetic, Sorption Isotherms, Thermodynamic Study, and Analytical Utility
Authors: Bahaidarah Effat A.
Published: August 2024

In the modern era, sol‐gel plays a key role in the progress of a new generation of dispersive solid‐phase microextractors (d–µ SPMEs) for the removal of organic and inorganic pollutants in complex matrices. Thus, the current study reports the use of sol‐gel‐functionalized polyurethane foams (PUFs) as a novel solid platform for complete extraction of chromium (VI) species from aqueous media. The planned protocol was based upon the complete extraction of the formed binary complex ion associates between the protonated ether and/or urethane groups of PUFs and chlorochromate anion [CrO3Cl]−aq in aqueous HCl (≥1M) medium in addition to H‐bonding and the electrostatic π–π interaction that resulted between the CrO3Cl− and the silanol group (Si/ZrO2, Si–O–Zr) and siloxane (Si–O–Si) groups of the sol‐gel. The impact of the analytical parameters (solution pH, natural mineral acids, shaking time, temperature, and chromium (VI) concentrations) was critically studied. At the optimal conditions, the uptake capacity of the established extractor (9.9 mg·g−1) was in agreement with the Langmuir adsorption capacity (12.08 mg·g−1) of the monolayer. The sorption data fitted well with the pseudo first‐order kinetic model (R2 = 0.9961) with an overall rate constant (k1) of 0.081 min−1 and an equilibrium capacity (qe) of 8.6 mg·g−1, which is in a good agreement with the experimental value (9.9 mg·g−1). The sorption of the oxyion [CrO3Cl]−aq onto the solid sorbent is an endothermic and spontaneous process as reflected from the values of ΔH (6.99 kJ·mol−1) and ΔG (−8.14 kJ·mol−1 at 293 K), respectively. The ΔS value (15.13 kJ·mol−1·K−1) reflects that the [CrO3Cl]−aq retention onto the sol‐gel‐treated PUFs sorbent proceeded in a more unplanned fashion. Sol‐gel‐treated PUFs sorbent‐packed minicolumns were successfully used for the complete removal of trace levels of chromium (VI) species from water samples. Sorbed chromium (VI) species were recovered with NaOH (0.5 M) and analysed by spectrophotometry, which supports the utility of the sol‐gel‐treated PUFs as a low‐cost solid extractor for water treatment.
Enhanced Performance of the Composite of FeMgAl‐Layered Double Hydroxide and Rice Husk Biochar to Adsorb Heavy Metal Ions of Lead and Cadmium in Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Amin M. T. , Alazba A. A. , Shafiq M. , Khan A. A.
Published: August 2024

The layered double hydroxide (LDH) of FeMgAl and its composite with the rice husk biochar (FeMgAl/RHB) was tried for the first time for removing heavy metal ions of lead (Pb2+) and cadmium (Cd2+) in batch tests. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy demonstrated that FeMgAl/LDH was successfully synthesized and integrated into RHB. Furthermore, the presence of Cd2+ and Pb2+ was confirmed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, exhibiting an effective adsorption process. The equilibrium contact time was estimated at 15 and 60 min, for Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively, with high removal efficiencies and adsorption capacities upon immediate contact. Within the observed range (0–100 mg·L−1) of initial metal concentrations, the removal efficiencies decreased constantly using both adsorbents, while 50 or 60 mg·L−1 of Pb2+ and Cd2+, respectively, was estimated as the optimum values due to a steady increase in the adsorption capacities with composite adsorbent presenting a better efficiency, twice of the metal uptake capacity compared with FeMgAl/LDH. The lowest used amount of each adsorbent (0.05 g) exhibited highest adsorption capacity which decreased with increasing amount of adsorbent (up to 0.8 g), whereas the removal efficiencies increased for both heavy metal ions. A solution of pH value 0.7–0.8 was estimated as an optimum value with a uniform increasing pattern of adsorption capacities and percentage removal of both heavy metal ions using the FeMgAl/LDH as well as the composite adsorbent. A perfect fitting of the adsorption data was seen using the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model, suggesting the chemical sorption to be the control mechanism of adsorption. The fitting of the Langmuir and Temkin isotherm models proposed a monolayer as well as heterogeneous adsorption system. The same was further confirmed based on the reasonable fit of both (Sips and Redlich–Peterson) three‐parameter isotherms in addition to a physical adsorption system, as suggested by the Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm model.
Existence of Multiple High‐Energy Solutions for a Kind of Superlinear Second‐Order Elliptic Equations
Authors: Huang Fangfang , Zhang Qiongfen
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we intend to consider infinitely many high energy solutions for a kind of superlinear Klein–Gordon–Maxwell systems. Under some suitable assumptions on the potential function and nonlinearity, by using variational methods and the method of Nehari manifold, we obtain the existence result of infinitely many high energy solutions for this kind of systems, which improves many relative results in the literature.
A Genomics-Driven Artificial Intelligence–Based Model Classifies Breast Invasive Lobular Carcinoma and Discovers CDH1 Inactivating Mechanisms
Authors: Pareja Fresia , Dopeso Higinio , Wang Yi Kan , Gazzo Andrea M. , Brown David N. , Banerjee Monami , Selenica Pier , Bernhard Jan H. , Derakhshan Fatemeh , da Silva Edaise M. , Colon-Cartagena Lorraine , Basili Thais , Marra Antonio , Sue Jillian , Ye Qiqi , Da Cruz Paula Arnaud , Yeni Yildirim Selma , Pei Xin , Safonov Anton , Green Hunter , Gill Kaitlyn Y. , Zhu Yingjie , Lee Matthew C.H. , Godrich Ran A. , Casson Adam , Weigelt Britta , Riaz Nadeem , Wen Hannah Y. , Brogi Edi , Mandelker Diana L. , Hanna Matthew G. , Kunz Jeremy D. , Rothrock Brandon , Chandarlapaty Sarat , Kanan Christopher , Oakley Joe , Klimstra David S. , Fuchs Thomas J. , Reis-Filho Jorge S.
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can improve cancer diagnosis, yet their development often relies on subjective histologic features as ground truth for training. Herein, we developed an AI model applied to histologic whole-slide images using CDH1 biallelic mutations, pathognomonic for invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) in breast neoplasms, as ground truth. The model accurately predicted CDH1 biallelic mutations (accuracy = 0.95) and diagnosed ILC (accuracy = 0.96). A total of 74% of samples classified by the AI model as having CDH1 biallelic mutations but lacking these alterations displayed alternative CDH1 inactivating mechanisms, including a deleterious CDH1 fusion gene and noncoding CDH1 genetic alterations. Analysis of internal and external validation cohorts demonstrated 0.95 and 0.89 accuracy for ILC diagnosis, respectively. The latent features of the AI model correlated with human-explainable histopathologic features. Taken together, this study reports the construction of an AI algorithm trained using a genetic rather than histologic ground truth that can robustly classify ILCs and uncover CDH1 inactivating mechanisms, providing the basis for orthogonal ground truth utilization for development of diagnostic AI models applied to whole-slide image.

Significance: Genetic alterations linked to strong genotypic–phenotypic correlations can be utilized to develop AI systems applied to pathology that facilitate cancer diagnosis and biologic discoveries.
Supplementary Table S3 from Evaluating the Base Excision Repair Inhibitor TRC102 and Temozolomide for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma in the Phase 2 Adult Brain Tumor Consortium Trial BERT
Authors: Ahluwalia Manmeet S. , Ozair Ahmad , Drappatz Jan , Ye Xiaobu , Peng Sen , Lee Matthew , Rath Sanhita , Dhruv Harshil , Hao Yue , Berens Michael E. , Walbert Tobias , Holdhoff Matthias , Lesser Glenn J. , Cloughesy Timothy F. , Sloan Andrew E. , Takebe Naoko , Couce Marta , Peereboom David M. , Nabors Burt , Wen Patrick Y. , Grossman Stuart A. , Rogers Lisa R.
Published: August 2024

Adverse events (AEs) which were possibly, probably, or definitely related to either TRC102, TMZ, or both.
A Phase Ib/II Randomized Clinical Trial of Oleclumab with or without Durvalumab plus Chemotherapy in Patients with Metastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Coveler Andrew L. , Reilley Matthew J. , Zalupski Mark , Macarulla Teresa , Fountzilas Christos , Ponz-Sarvisé Mariano , Nagrial Adnan , Uboha Nataliya V. , Frentzas Sophia , Overman Michael , Noonan Anne , Messersmith Wells A. , Pavlakis Nick , Mettu Niharika B. , Bisha Ina , Wang Ying , Smith Paul , Murtomaki Elina , Bielska Agata A. , Bragulat Veronique , Cooper Zachary A. , Kumar Rakesh , Spigel David R.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma upregulates CD73, potentially contributing to immune surveillance evasion. Combining oleclumab (CD73 inhibitor) and durvalumab with chemotherapy may identify an effective treatment option.

Patients and Methods:

We describe a multicenter phase Ib/II randomized clinical trial in patients with metastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, untreated (cohort A) or previously received gemcitabine-based chemotherapy (cohort B; NCT03611556). During escalation, patients received oleclumab 1,500 or 3,000 mg, durvalumab 1,500 mg, and gemcitabine plus nab-paclitaxel (GnP; cohort A; n = 14) or modified FOLFOX (cohort B; n = 11). During expansion, cohort A patients (n = 170) were randomized to GnP (arm A1), oleclumab [recommended phase II dose (RP2D)] with GnP (arm A2), or oleclumab (RP2D) with durvalumab plus GnP (arm A3). Primary objectives were safety (escalation) and objective response rate (expansion). Secondary objectives included progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Results:

During escalation, 1/11 patients from cohort B (oleclumab 3,000 mg) experienced two dose-limiting toxicities. Oleclumab’s RP2D was 3,000 mg. During expansion, grade ≥3 treatment-related adverse events occurred in 67.7% (42/62) of patients in A1, 73.7% (28/38) in A2, and 77.1% (54/70) in A3. The objective response rate was 29.0%, 21.1%, and 32.9% in A1, A2, and A3, respectively (A1 vs. A3; P = 0.650). PFS [HR = 0.72; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47, 1.11] and OS (HR = 0.75; 95% CI, 0.50–1.13) were similar for A3 versus A1. Patients with high CD73 expression had improved PFS and OS in A3 versus A1, although this should be interpreted with caution.

Conclusions:

Although the safety profile was acceptable, this study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint.
Figure S3 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses
Authors: Hsu Chang-Chieh , Su Yafei , Rittenhouse-Olson Kate , Attwood Kristopher M. , Mojica Wilfrido , Reid Mary E. , Dy Grace K. , Wu Yun
Published: August 2024

Supplementary Figure S3. Sensing performance of SPR assay in detecting exosomal TF-Ag-α. Exosomes from A549 NSCLC cells (a) and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells (b) were spiked in the serum of a normal control at concentrations of 0 to 10^11 exosomes/mL. The expression of exosomal TF-Ag-α was measured using the SPR assay. For A549 cell-derived exosomes, the LOD was 5×10^9 exosomes/mL and the linear range was from 5×10^9 to 10^11 exosomes/mL. For MDA-MB-231 cell-derived exosomes, the LOD was 10^9 exosomes/mL and the linear range was from 10^9 to 10^11 exosomes/mL.
Supplemental Figure 2 from Age-Related Increases in IGFBP2 Increase Melanoma Cell Invasion and Lipid Synthesis
Authors: Alicea Gretchen M. , Patel Payal , Portuallo Marie E. , Fane Mitchell E. , Wei Meihan , Chhabra Yash , Dixit Agrani , Carey Alexis E. , Wang Vania , Rocha Murilo R. , Behera Reeti , Speicher David W. , Tang Hsin-Yao , Kossenkov Andrew V. , Rebecca Vito W. , Wirtz Denis , Weeraratna Ashani T.
Published: August 2024

Supplemental Figure 2 shows melanoma cells treated with Albumax, as well as an additional cell line showing the contribution of IGFBP2 to invasion
Evaluation of hydroelectrolytic, energetic supplementation, and clinical laboratory parameters in search and rescue dogs
Authors: Cerqueira Hévila Dutra Barbosa de , Feitosa Caroline Sant’Anna , Oliveira Franciely Mota de , Silva Isabella Cosmo da , Trivilin Leonardo Oliveira , Oliveira Leticia Leal de , Barioni Graziela , Aptekmann Karina Preising
Published: August 2024

Establishing methods and actions to improve performance and reduce changes during physical activity is essential in search and rescue dogs. Studying the changes in search and rescue dogs during working activities and how to correct them can help improve their performance and avoid complications. Six healthy adult dogs, which had participated in search and rescue operations for at least one year, were used. Animals had no evidence of clinical disease nor received any supplement or medication prior to the assessment. Dogs were evaluated before, during, and after exercise and submitted to volume replacement with mineral water (T1) and hydroelectrolytic supplementation (T2). Body temperature (BT), parameters of hydration (body weight, erythrogram, and total protein (TP)), energy indicators (glucose, lactate), electrolytes (K+, Na+, Cl-, P+, Ca2+, Mg2+), and hormone levels (cortisol, aldosterone, insulin) were determined. After exercise, isotonic dehydration was detected in both treatments, accompanied by erythrocytosis and weight loss. During the recovery phase, in both treatments, dogs presented a significant increase in BT and lactate and a significant decrease in insulin, TP, and P+. BT and lactate increased after exercise and returned to basal upon recovery. Insulin decreased after exercise without changes in glucose. The maintenance of cortisol indicated the adjustability of dogs to environmental stimuli and stress resistance, and aldosterone did not change during exercise. Both volume replacement with water or hydroelectrolytic and energetic supplementation can correct the isotonic dehydration exhibited by dogs.
A Rose by Any Other Name: Mapping Taxonomic and Thematic Naming Errors Poststroke
Authors: Riccardi Nicholas , Schwen Blackett Deena , Broadhead Abigail , den Ouden Dirk , Rorden Chris , Fridriksson Julius , Bonilha Leonardo , Desai Rutvik H.
Published: August 2024

Understanding the neurobiology of semantic knowledge is a major goal of cognitive neuroscience. Taxonomic and thematic semantic knowledge are represented differently within the brain's conceptual networks, but the specific neural mechanisms remain unclear. Some neurobiological models propose that the anterior temporal lobe is an important hub for taxonomic knowledge, whereas the TPJ is especially involved in the representation of thematic knowledge. However, recent studies have provided divergent evidence. In this context, we investigated the neural correlates of taxonomic and thematic confrontation naming errors in 79 people with aphasia. We used three complementary lesion-symptom mapping (LSM) methods to investigate how structure and function in both spared and impaired brain regions relate to taxonomic and thematic naming errors. Voxel-based LSM mapped brain damage, activation-based LSM mapped BOLD signal in surviving tissue, and network-based LSM mapped white matter subnetwork integrity to error type. Voxel- and network-based lesion symptom mapping provided converging evidence that damage/disruption of the left mid-to-anterior temporal lobe was associated with a greater proportion of thematic naming errors. Activation-based lesion symptom mapping revealed that higher BOLD signal in the left anterior temporal lobe during an in-house naming task was associated with a greater proportion of taxonomic errors on the Philadelphia Naming Test administered outside of the scanner. A lower BOLD signal in the bilateral angular gyrus, precuneus, and right inferior frontal cortex was associated with a greater proportion of taxonomic errors. These findings provide novel evidence that damage to the anterior temporal lobe is especially related to thematic naming errors.
Intrinsic Rewards for Exploration Without Harm From Observational Noise: A Simulation Study Based on the Free Energy Principle
Authors: Tinker Theodore Jerome , Doya Kenji , Tani Jun
Published: August 2024

In reinforcement learning (RL), artificial agents are trained to maximize numerical rewards by performing tasks. Exploration is essential in RL because agents must discover information before exploiting it. Two rewards encouraging efficient exploration are the entropy of action policy and curiosity for information gain. Entropy is well established in the literature, promoting randomized action selection. Curiosity is defined in a broad variety of ways in literature, promoting discovery of novel experiences. One example, prediction error curiosity, rewards agents for discovering observations they cannot accurately predict. However, such agents may be distracted by unpredictable observational noises known as curiosity traps. Based on the free energy principle (FEP), this letter proposes hidden state curiosity, which rewards agents by the KL divergence between the predictive prior and posterior probabilities of latent variables. We trained six types of agents to navigate mazes: baseline agents without rewards for entropy or curiosity and agents rewarded for entropy and/or either prediction error curiosity or hidden state curiosity. We find that entropy and curiosity result in efficient exploration, especially both employed together. Notably, agents with hidden state curiosity demonstrate resilience against curiosity traps, which hinder agents with prediction error curiosity. This suggests implementing the FEP that may enhance the robustness and generalization of RL models, potentially aligning the learning processes of artificial and biological agents.
Two new taxa of Clematis subsection Pierotianae (Ranunculaceae) in Taiwan
Authors: CHENG YUAN-HAO , YANG TUSNG-YU ALECK
Published: August 2024

Based on a taxonomic study of Clematis subsect. Pierotianae in Taiwan using morphological evidence, two new taxa are proposed: C. parviloba Gard. ex Champ. subsp. shengzhenii Y.H. Cheng & T.Y.A. Yang and C. pengii Y.H. Cheng & T.Y.A. Yang. Both taxa, endemic to Taiwan, are here described and illustrated and distribution maps of both taxa are presented. Morphological comparisons and a key for identification of the taxa of Clematis subsect. Pierotianae in Taiwan are also given.
Expanded description & range extension of Lycodon sidiki Wostl, Hamidy, Kurniawan & Smith, 2017 (Squamata: Colubridae)
Authors: NGUYEN TAN VAN , DAVID PATRICK , VOGEL GERNOT
Published: August 2024

The wolf snake species Lycodon sidiki was described based on only one specimen from Aceh Province, Sumatra, Indonesia. Herein, we report new characters and a range extension of this species based on a re-examination of eight preserved specimens deposited in the collections of the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien, Austria (NHMW). Based on the new information, we record this species for the first time from West Sumatra Province (Padang) and update its diagnostic characters. Furthermore, we provide distinguishing features from the closely related species belonging to the Lycodon fasciatus species group. In addition, we also update the key to Lycodon species in Sumatra Island.
Aulacidea manchuria Nastasi sp. nov., a new herb gall wasp from China (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea: Aulacideini), with commentary on hawkweed (Asteraceae: Hieraciinae) gall wasps
Authors: NASTASI LOUIS F. , DEANS ANDREW R.
Published: August 2024

We describe Aulacidea manchuria Nastasi sp. nov., a new species of herb gall wasp from China and the second species of Aulacidea Ashmead, 1897 to be described from the country. Based on morphological data, A. manchuria belongs to the Aulacidea hieracii group, which is known to induce galls on the stems, leaves, and stolons of Hieracium L. and Pilosella Hill; we provide a key to Eastern Palearctic females of this species group to better enable identification of these species. We discuss records of herb gall wasps from China, the recognition of hawkweed gall wasp species, and further issues with taxonomy of this species group and of Aulacidea.
Clinical Analysis and Treatment Strategies About Cartilage Scaffold Exposure After Auricular Reconstruction With the Expanded Two-Flap Method
Authors: He Bei , Wang Bingqing , Zhang Qingguo
Published: August 2024

Objectives: Soft tissue expansion is one of the main methods for autologous cartilage auricular reconstruction. The aim of this study was to analyze the risk factors for cartilage exposure after this method and to describe a surgical method for this complication. Methods: From January 2018 to December 2020, 853 patients (908 sides) underwent auricular reconstruction with an expanded two-flap method at our center. Thirty-two patients experienced cartilage exposure postoperatively. These patients were set as the case group, and 1:1 matched sampling was performed among patients who did not have cartilage exposure. The matched sample of 32 cases was set as the control group. All 64 patients were evaluated according to the Orbit, Mandible, Ear, Nerve, and Soft tissue (OMENS) classification system to analyze the correlation between cartilage exposure and hemifacial microsomia (HFM) and OMENS subtypes. The complication was repaired with superficial temporal fascial flap combined with skin graft. Results: HFM might be a risk factor for scaffold cartilage exposure, and there was a significant correlation between cartilage exposure and orbital malformation, facial nerve dysplasia, and soft tissue developmental malformation. The use of a superficial temporal fascial flap combined with a split-thickness skin graft to repair the complication achieved satisfactory outcomes. Conclusions: There is a correlation between cartilage scaffold exposure and the severity of HFM. Temporoparietal fascial flap transfer combined with skin grafting proved to be an effective method for cartilage exposure.
Prognostic Impact of Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Localized or Locoregionally Advanced Gallbladder Cancer: A Population-Based and Propensity Score Matched SEER Analysis
Authors: Xiong Yi-chen , Yang Zi-yi , Gong Albie , Wu Zi-you , Liu Shi-lei , Zhu Yi-di , Song Xiao-ling , Chu Bing-feng , Wu Xiang-song , Gong Wei
Published: August 2024

Background

The effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) in gallbladder cancer (GBC) patients remains controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of NACT on overall survival (OS) and cancer specific survival (CSS) in patients with localized or locoregionally advanced GBC, and to explore possible protective predictors for prognosis.

Methods

Data for patients with localized or locoregionally advanced GBC (i.e., categories cTx-cT4, cN0-2, and cM0) from 2004 to 2020 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. Patients in the NACT and non-NACT groups were propensity score matched (PSM) 1:3, and the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were performed to analyze the impact of NACT on OS and CSS. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were applied to identify the possible prognostic factors. Subgroup analysis was conducted to identify patients who would benefit from NACT.

Results

Of the 2676 cases included, 78 NACT and 234 non-NACT patients remained after PSM. In localized or locoregionally advanced GBC patients, the median OS of the NACT and non-NACT was 31 and 16 months (log-rank P < 0.01), and the median CSS of NACT and non-NACT was 32 and 17 months (log-rank P < 0.01), respectively. Longer median OS (31 vs 17 months, log-rank P < 0.01) and CSS (32 vs 20 months, log-rank P < 0.01) was associated with NACT compared with surgery alone. Multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that NACT, stage, and surgery type were prognostic factors for OS and CSS in GBC patients. Subgroup analysis revealed that the survival hazard ratios (HRs) of NACT vs non-NACT for localized or locoregionally advanced GBC patients were significant in most subgroups.

Conclusions

NACT may provide therapeutic benefits for localized or locoregionally advanced GBC patients, especially for those with advanced stage, node-positive, poorly differentiated or undifferentiated disease. NACT combined with radical surgery was associated with a survival advantage. Therefore, NACT combined with surgery may provide a better treatment option for resectable GBC patients.
An experimental study on fuel reforming waste heat recovery engine system fueled with methane
Authors: Toshinaga Kazuteru , Izumi Naoto , Shudo Toshio
Published: August 2024

The effects of various operating parameters on a fuel reforming waste heat recovery engine system fueled with methane were experimentally investigated. Steam methane reforming was employed in the system because it is endothermic. Experiments were conducted on the parameters of methane flow rate to reformer and steam-to-carbon ratio to study their effects on the conversion of methane and resulting the overall thermal efficiency of the system. The components of the reformed gas were analyzed, and their effects on the combustion characteristics and thermal efficiency factors of a spark-ignition gas engine were discussed. The effects of engine operating parameters such as spark timing and excess air ratio on the exhaust gas heat recovery effect by fuel reforming and the improvement of system thermal efficiency were also investigated through experiments.
The work Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise program for preventing functional decline in employees aged 55 years and older: development and initial evaluation
Authors: Ritter Yvonne , Pfister Diana , Steckhan Greta M. , Voelter-Mahlknecht Susanne , Weber Britta , Ellegast Rolf , Koch Christian , Bausch Frank , Gruber Markus , Schwenk Michael
Published: August 2024

Background

Despite the global increase in older employees, workplace physical activity interventions (WPAIs) for this target group have not yet been sufficiently developed. The major drawback of existing WPAIs is low adherence due to lack of time or limited motivation. A novel approach could be to integrate tailored neuromotor and strength exercises into everyday working tasks to prevent the functional decline of older employees at the workplace without needing much additional time for training. This approach was tested in the present study by evaluating the proof-of-concept of a novel WPAI based on the Lifestyle-integrated Functional Exercise (LiFE) program integrated into a working environment (wLiFE55 +).

Methods

The proof-of-concept of wLiFE55 + was quantified within a 4-week pre-post exercise intervention study by measuring (1) feasibility including adherence, activity frequency, adverse events and acceptance (integrability of wLiFE55 + activities, perceived improvement and safety, satisfaction, physical demand, personal trainer session, intervention content) and (2) pre-to-post changes in neuromotor function (12-Level Balance Scale, 12-LBS; Community Balance and Mobility Scale, CBM), strength (60sec Chair Stand Test), and PA (1-week activity monitoring). For statistical analysis, the median and interquartile range (IQR) were computed. For pre-to-post changes, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests with effect size (r) were also performed.

Results

Seventeen older employees (mean age 59 years, 8 female) were included of which fifteen completed the study. The intervention adherence was 100%, and the activity adherence was 58% (9 out of 12 maximum possible wLiFE55 + activities implemented). Depending on the specific activity, the frequency of practice ranged between 25–75% of the days of the intervention period, and single wLiFE55 + activities were practiced between one and three times per day. No adverse events occurred, and acceptance was high. Pre-to-post increases with medium effect sizes were found for neuromotor function (CBM, 12-LBS) and specific PA variables (total sedentary time, sedentary bouts > 30 min).

Conclusion

The results of the study highlight the feasibility of wLiFE55 + in a work setting with older employees. The pre-to-post increases observed in neuromotor measures and reductions in sedentary time suggest that wLiFE55 + may counteract the age-related functional decline in older employees and justifies future studies in this field. The next steps are program adjustments to boost exercise frequency and evaluating wLiFE55 + in a randomized controlled trial.
The implementation of online and offline hybrid weight management approach for pregnant women based on the Fogg behavior model in Hainan, China: a pilot randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Linjie , Zou Lanli , Yi Huanying , Li Tong , Zhou Rong , Yang Jing , Wang Jia , Zhang Caihong , Guo Honghua
Published: August 2024

Objective

This study aimed at evaluating the effects of online and offline hybrid weight management approach based on the Fogg behavior model on total gestational weight gain and perinatal outcomes.

Methods

Pregnant women in Hainan, the southernmost province of China, were recruited into a randomized controlled trial, which was designed to develop a WeChat platform for pregnancy weight management, and implement individualized and continuous pregnancy weight management services for pregnant women under the guidance of the Fogg behavior model. All pregnant women participating in the study were included in the full analysis set (FAS) for analysis. The pregnant women who completed the intervention and provided all outcome indicators were included in the per protocol set (PPS) for outcome evaluation.

Results

Fifty-eight pregnant women were included in FAS analysis, and 52 pregnant women were finally included in PPS analysis. There was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05) between the two groups at baseline. The gestational weight gain of the intervention group was significantly lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). In the control group, the rate of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy was 48.26%, the rate of appropriate weight gain during pregnancy was 93.30% in the intervention group, with a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). In the delivery outcomes, the cesarean section rate in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and gestational hypertension in the intervention group was lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). The neonatal weight and incidence of macrosomia of the intervention group were lower than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study combined the individualized and continuous pregnancy weight management of the online WeChat platform and offline consultation based on the Fogg behavior model, showing great potential in improving maternal and infant outcomes.

Trial registration

The study was registered with www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200066707, 2022–12-14, retrospectively registered).
Assessment of hepatitis c core antigen in epithelial salivary gland neoplasms (ex-vivo study)
Authors: Kotat Hadeel Ahmad , Draz Awatef Ibrahim , ElShafei Marwa Mokbel , Amer Hatem Wael
Published: August 2024

Background

Salivary gland neoplasms (SGNs) pose a challenge to both pathologists and clinicians. Despite research, the etiology of these neoplasms remains unclear. This study aimed to identify any potential association between the presence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) at the protein or gene level and epithelial salivary gland neoplasms.

Methods

Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) blocks of epithelial salivary gland neoplasms were retrieved from the archives of the Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University within the 5-year period from 2016 to 2020. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess HCV core antigen, while reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was employed for the evaluation of HCV RNA.

Results

A total of 44 specimens were collected, 28 of which were benign neoplasms and 16 were malignant neoplasms. There was a statistically significant difference in HCV positivity between the two groups (P-value = 0.036). Benign tumors showed a statistically significant lower percentage of positive cases than malignant tumors. The localization of staining was also evaluated, revealing various patterns of HCV core antigen expression, including diffuse cytoplasmic, patchy cytoplasmic, nuclear, and a combination of nuclear and cytoplasmic expression. There was no statistically significant difference between the expression patterns in benign and malignant tumors (P-value = 0.616). Given that Pleomorphic Adenoma and Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma were the predominant tumor types in this study, four cases were selected for RNA detection. HCV RNA was detected in all cases using RT-PCR.

Conclusions

HCV core antigen is frequently detected in SGNs and is suggested to be a potential risk factor for the development of these neoplasms. Further studies are required to discover other biomarkers, their roles, and the pathways associated with HCV in SGNs.
“How long is life worth living for the horse?” A focus group study on how Austrian equine stakeholders assess quality of life for chronically ill or old horses
Authors: Long Mariessa , Grimm Herwig , Jenner Florien , Cavalleri Jessika-M. V. , Springer Svenja
Published: August 2024

Background

Quality of life (QoL) provides a comprehensive concept underpinning veterinary decision-making that encompasses factors beyond physical health. It becomes particularly pertinent when seeking responsible choices for chronically ill or old horses that emphasise their well-being and a good QoL over the extension of life. How different stakeholders use the concept of QoL is highly relevant when considering the complexity of these decisions in real-life situations.

Methods

Seven focus group discussions (N = 39) were conducted to gain insights into how stakeholders assess and use equine QoL in veterinary care decisions for chronically ill and/or old horses. The discussions included horse owners (n = 17), equine veterinarians (n = 7), veterinary officers (n = 6), farriers (n = 4), and horse caregivers (n = 5). The combination of deductive and inductive qualitative content analysis of the group discussions focused on identifying both similarities and differences in the views of these groups regarding QoL for old and/or chronically ill horses.

Results

Findings show agreement about two issues: the importance of the individuality of the horse for assessing QoL and the relevance of QoL in making decisions about veterinary interventions. We identified differences between the groups with respect to three issues: the time required to assess QoL, stakeholders’ contributions to QoL assessments, and challenges resulting from those contributions. While owners and caregivers of horses emphasised their knowledge of a horse and the relevance of the time they spend with their horse, the veterinarians in the study focused on the differences between their own QoL assessments and those of horse owners. In response to challenges regarding QoL assessments and decision-making, stakeholders described different strategies such as drawing comparisons to human experiences.

Conclusions

Differences between stakeholders regarding equine QoL assessments contribute to challenges when making decisions about the care of chronically ill or old horses. The results of this study suggest that individual and collaborative reflection about a horse’s QoL should be encouraged, for example by developing practicable QoL assessment tools that support relevant stakeholders in this process.
Methodology and challenges for harmonization of nutritional data from seven historical studies
Authors: Avraham Sivan Ben , Chetrit Angela , Agay Nirit , Freedman Laurence S. , Saliba Walid , Goldbourt Uri , Keinan-Boker Lital , Kalter-Leibovici Ofra , Shahar Danit R. , Kimron Lizie , Dankner Rachel
Published: August 2024

Background

Collection of detailed dietary data is labor intensive and expensive, harmonization of existing data sets has been proposed as an effective tool for research questions in which individual studies are underpowered.

Methods

In this paper, we describe the methodology used to retrospectively harmonize nutritional data from multiple sources, based on the individual participant data of all available studies, which collected nutritional data in Israel between 1963 and 2014. This collaboration was established in order to study the association of red and processed meat with colorectal cancer. Two types of nutritional questionnaires, the Food Frequency Questionnaires (FFQ) and the 24-h dietary recall (24HR recall), and different food composition tables, were used by the participating studies. The main exposure of interest included type of meat (total meat, red meat, and poultry) and level of processing.

Results

A total of 29,560 Israeli men and women were enrolled. In studies using FFQ,the weighted mean intakes of total, red, processed meat, and poultry were 95, 27, 37 and 58 gr/day and 92, 25, 10, and 66 gr/day in studies using 24HR recall, respectively.. Despite several methodological challenges, we successfully harmonized nutritional data from the different studies.

Conclusions

This paper emphasizes the significance and feasibility of harmonization of previously collected nutritional data, offering an opportunity to examine associations between a range of dietary exposures and the outcome of interest, while minimizing costs and time in epidemiological studies.