bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Economic and Demographic Factors of Poverty Alleviation in Pakistan: A Case Study of Southern Punjab
Authors: Ahmad Rashid , Faridi Muhammad Zahir
Published: July 2020

This study aims to explore the socio-economic and demographic determinants of poverty in Southern Punjab by using the cross sectional data consisting of 785 household heads. Binary logistic regression  and ordinary least square method are used for estimation. The findings exhibit that the variables like family system, household size, presence of disease and status of employment of household head are positively and significantly related to  poverty whereas household head age, rural-to-urban migration,  years of schooling,  number of earners, women status of work, remittances, the physical assets value and ownership of house significantly and negatively influence the likelihood of poverty and positively influence the per capita income of the households in Southern Punjab. The study also provides the comparison of regional and division level. It is concluded that DG Khan division is the poorest among all the divisions of the southern Punjab. In DG Khan Division, the households have less education, high dependency ratio. In rural areas of southern Punjab, there is more poverty as compare to urban areas. The rural poverty is due to many factors like high dependency rate, lower level of education, adoption of profession, lower per capita income, dissaving. It is suggested that education should be promoted, employment opportunity should be provided so that dependency rate may be reduced, rural areas should be restructured by provision of basic necessities of life.
Relationship Between Science Classroom Psychosocial Learning Environment and Secondary School Students’ Motivation
Authors: Ullah Samee , Sarfraz Beena
Published: July 2020

The learning environment of a classroom plays an integral role in students’ life. If a student’s surrounding environment is good then they perform well in studies. Learning environments are of different types like physical environment, social environment, psychological environment, instructional environment and psychosocial environment. Among these, Psychosocial learning environment is very important. It not only encourages the science learners to learn new things but also enhances their motivation for science learning.  The aim of this study is to investigate of relationship between science classroom psychosocial learning environment and secondary school students ‘motivation. The research design used is descriptive and quantitative in nature. Population of the study consisted of 10th grade Secondary School Students’ who enrolled in all the campuses of District public school Okara during academic session 2016-2018.The total numbers of students were 1146.The random sampling technique was used to select the sample. Two Questionnaires were used to collect the data about the perceptions of students for psychosocial environment and motivation.  Collected data were tabulated in SPSS (version24) and then analyzed by using one sample t-test, and two way between groups analysis of variance (Two-way ANOVA). Significant difference between science classroom psychosocial learning environment and secondary school students’ motivation in science classes was found for Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Involvement, and Equity.
for the dehydrated
Authors: knox alaina
Published: July 2020

n a world where we are encouraged to perform wellness 'fake it til we make it' this meditation invites you make space for the unspoken childlike desire to be wholly accepted and loved.
Effect of physical activity level on the course of pneumonia caused by COVID-19
Authors: Samoylov AS , Udalov YuD , Nazaryan SE , Naikina AV
Published: July 2020

Data from medical records of 144 COVID-19 patients who completed inpatient treatment, as well as subsequent questionnaires using a modified questionnaire, were analyzed. The relationship between the level of physical activity, performance, and quality of life (before and after treatment), age, frequency of exercise therapy at the hospital stage, the presence of stool disorders, and episodes of increased blood pressure after treatment with the course of the disease were evaluated. Patients were divided into a control and experimental group depending on the initial subjective level of performance. The moderate form prevailed (69,44%). The mild form is typical for younger patients, patients older than 50 years make up 62,49% of the total number of cases of severe course. Patients who had a severe form of the disease noted the quality of life and performance before the disease at a lower level, in contrast to those who had a medium and light form. Initially leading a more active lifestyle, patients with initially higher performance and quality of life who performed exercise therapy at the hospital stage (with mild and moderate forms) have a more favorable course of the disease (reducing the time of hospitalization, early recovery of performance, reducing the number of CT scans). The initial higher physical activity contributes to a more favorable course of the disease. The initial higher physical activity contributes to a more favorable course of the disease. It is necessary to raise public awareness of the benefits of regular physical activity and its connection with the course of the disease, especially among the elderly, as well as to introduce exercise therapy at all stages of treatment.
Pengaruh Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Web terhadap Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis dan Kemampuan Kognitif
Authors: Baisa Idi Rathomy
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis web terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis. Pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis web terhadap kemampuan kognitif. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian eksperimen semu (quasi experiment) dengan rancangan Pretest-posttest Nonequivalent Control Group. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis web terhadap keterampilan berpikir kritis dan adanya pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis web terhadap kemampuan kognitif. Hasil uji lanjut menunjukkan bahwa penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis web memiliki nilai 14,33% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan penerapan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa.
Analisis Rasio Keuangan Pengukur Kinerja Perusahaan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Harga Saham dan Ekspektasi Return Saham sebagai Bahan Pengambilan Keputusan bagi Investor
Authors: Yarnest Yarnest
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan dan menganalisis : bagaimana kinerja perusahaan BUMN yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia di ukur dari rasio-rasio keuangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan ex post facto, sedangkan teknik analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis multiple regression dengan program Eviews, uji F dan uji t. Secara substansial hasil uji korelasionalitas menunjukkan bahwa kedua variabel tersebut memberikan nilai yang negatif. Temuan penelitian ini mengindikasikan, bahwa variabel harga saham meningkat atau menurun, maka ekspektasi return saham akan mengalami penurunan atau peningkatan. Faktor rasio keuangan sebagai pengukur kenerja perusahaan, harga saham dan ekspektasi return saham menjadi bahan pertimbangan dalam pengambilan keputusan investor dalam berinvestasi pada perusahaan BUMN yang listing di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
Entre a tradição e a modernidade
Authors: Pinheiro Paulo
Published: July 2020

Há em Lisboa poucos quarteirões com o seu interior aberto à cidade. Os existentes surgiram em torno de 1940, ano da Exposição do Mundo Português, o certame de afirmação do regime de ditadura e a marca, no tempo, da inflexão na política de modernidade da nação. É um ano importante para a arquitetura portuguesa porque significa o início de um novo ciclo após uma década de abertura do regime à construção de obras claramente referenciadas à arquitetura moderna que se fazia na Europa. Precisamente nesse ano, 1940, o arquiteto Maurício Trindade Chagas elabora o projeto para um quarteirão de habitação com esta particularidade moderna: o seu interior é acessível à utilização pública, é possível atravessá-lo através de um eixo longitudinal com vocação pedonal. Este quarteirão ergue-se em frente à Casa da Moeda, um edifício moderno, então recente, e de clara influência da arquitetura holandesa. Este artigo caracteriza a ambivalência conceptual do projeto: a linguagem do Estado Novo e a modernidade do tipo de quarteirão adotado. Para tal enquadram-se os acontecimentos no tempo e identificam-se os modelos de influência na concepção deste quarteirão.
Morfologia urbana
Authors: Araújo de Oliveira Vitor Manuel
Published: July 2020

Este artigo apresenta as origens, características e desenvolvimentos fundamentais de quatro abordagens dominantes no debate internacional em morfologia urbana: a abordagem histórico-geográfica promovida pela Escola Conzeniana, a abordagem tipológica projetual desenvolvida pela Escola Muratoriana, a sintaxe espacial e, por fim, a análise espacial, incluindo autómatos celulares, modelos baseados em agentes e fractais. Depois de descrever estas quatro abordagens, o artigo sintetiza os seus elementos fundamentais; evidencia o modo como cada abordagem lida com os elementos de forma urbana, os níveis de resolução e o tempo; e ilustra o potencial de cada abordagem com aplicações na prática profissional de planeamento.
Uma Cidade Industrial’ de Tony Garnier
Authors: Almeida Reginaldo Magalhães de
Published: July 2020

O arquiteto francês Tony Garnier, no início do século XX, lançou um plano de um novo espaço urbano, denominado ‘A Cidade Industrial’, proposta considerada radical para a época. Publicou em 1917 o livro denominado: Une cité industrielle, étude pour la construccion des villes, recebendo muitas críticas nos meios acadêmico e técnico. Anos mais tarde, esse livro foi considerado por muitos autores como uma das mais significativas publicações da urbanística do século XX, tornando-se fonte de inspiração de propostas de arquitetos progressistas como Le Corbusier, repercurtindo significativamente na forma urbana das cidades pelo mundo. Em 2017, completam-se 100 anos da publicação de Garnier. Mais do que comemorar, os profissionais que trabalham com as práticas urbanas devem refletir sobre a amplitude da proposta da Cidade Industrial. Este artigo procura analisar os elementos da forma urbana propostos por Garnier, apresentados em seu livro, bem como, as repercussões do uso desses elementos e a importância que representaram para a arquitetura e o urbanismo. Utilizou-se para desenvolvimento das análises pesquisa documental realizada no livro de Garnier e em publicações de renomados críticos da questão urbana. Conclui-se, dentre outros, que, apesar de transcorridos anos de publicação, a adoção de muitos dos elementos enunciados por Garnier para definir a forma urbana da Cidade Industrial ainda legitimam projetos e práticas urbanas contemporâneas de diversas escalas.
Expansão urbana e assentamentos precários
Authors: Antonucci Denise , Gobbi Leonardo
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda o processo histórico de expansão urbana da cidade de São Paulo e os desafios e problemas que o crescimento explosivo e desigual gerou no território, na forma de assentamentos precários. Tendo como local de estudo a favela do Jardim Piratininga (Cangaíba, São Paulo, Brasil) busca-se abordar os instrumentos de projeto participativo na forma de um Plano de Bairro, além de práticas de intervenção pública em favelas, por meio de metodologia cartográfica e pesquisa em campo.
Evaluación del coeficiente de transferencia de oxígeno en procesos de fangos activados para optimizar la aireación
Authors: Ivailova I. , Solís J. J. , Bes-Pia A. , Aguado D.
Published: July 2020

En una Estación Depuradora de Aguas Residuales (EDAR), el mayor consumo energético es el asociado al sistema de aireación del tratamiento biológico. Esto hace que los estudios relacionados con los sistemas de aireación para mejorar su eficiencia sean interesantes, ya que pueden contribuir a un descenso notable en los costes energéticos de la EDAR. En este estudio se ha observado una relación positiva del coeficiente de transferencia de oxígeno con el caudal de aire insuflado y, por el contrario, una relación negativa con el aumento en la concentración de sólidos totales del licor mezcla. Los resultados han demostrado que el valor del coeficiente de transferencia de oxígeno presenta diferencias notables según la configuración de los difusores empleados y se ve afectado negativamente por el ensuciamiento de los mismos. Se han destacado tres aspectos clave para el ahorro energético en el proceso de aireación: (1) implementar un sistema de control de la aireación que ajuste la cantidad de oxígeno suministrada a las necesidades del proceso biológico, (2) disponer de soplantes dimensionadas para trabajar eficientemente en las bajas y medias necesidades (en lugar de soplantes de gran potencia dimensionadas para unas condiciones punta poco frecuentes), ya que permiten una buena regulación y (3) trabajar a bajas concentraciones de oxígeno disuelto en el reactor, pues al aumentar la diferencia entre esta concentración y la concentración de saturación del oxígeno, se origina un aumento en la fuerza motriz responsable de la transferencia de oxígeno a la columna de agua. Además, en estas condiciones se favorece el desarrollo de microorganismos con mayor afinidad por el oxígeno, lo cual mantiene la eficiencia del proceso biológico. Por último, se ha propuesto un protocolo para la determinación del coeficiente de transferencia de oxígeno en EDARs cuyo sistema de aireación funcione mediante períodos de aireación intermitentes, de forma que sea posible conocer la evolución de este parámetro con el tiempo, lo cual es de gran utilidad para la planificación del mantenimiento y limpieza de difusores.
Experiments and Molecular Simulations to Study the Role of Coadsorption of Oil in Corrosion Inhibitor Films in Improving Corrosion Mitigation
Authors: Ko Xueying , Olivo Juan Dominguez , Brown Bruce , Nešić Srdjan , Sharma Sumit
Published: July 2020

While both field experience and laboratory experiments have shown that the efficiency of adsorbed corrosion inhibitor films improves upon exposure of the aqueous solution to a hydrocarbon phase, a credible explanation of these results is lacking. Using a combination of experiments and molecular simulations, this study examines how exposure to oil molecules affects the nature of adsorbed corrosion inhibitor films on metal surfaces. It is found that oil molecules get coadsorbed in the corrosion inhibitor films, making them more hydrophobic, structurally more ordered, and well packed. Corrosion inhibitor molecules with a bulky polar head adsorb in nonplanar, cylinder-like morphologies. Coadsorption of oil molecules changes the morphology of these films to a planar self-assembled monolayer.
Mapping the drivers of formaldehyde (HCHO) variability from 2015–2019 over eastern China: insights from FTIR observation and GEOS-Chem model simulation
Authors: Sun Youwen , Yin Hao , Liu Cheng , Zhang Lin , Cheng Yuan , Palm Mathias , Notholt Justus , Lu Xiao , Vigouroux Corinne , Zheng Bo , Wang Wei , Jones Nicholas , Shan Changong , Tian Yuan , Hu Qihou , Liu Jianguo
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The major air pollutant emissions have decreased and the overall air quality has substantially improved across China in recent years as a consequence of active clean air policies for mitigating severe air pollution problems. As key precursors of formaldehyde (HCHO) and ozone (O3), the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in China are still increasing because current clean air policies lack mitigation measures for VOCs. In this study, we mapped the drivers of HCHO variability over eastern China using ground-based high-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry and GEOS-Chem model simulation. Diurnal, seasonal, and interannual variability of HCHO over eastern China was investigated and hydroxyl (OH) radical production from HCHO was evaluated. The relative contributions of emitted and photochemical sources to the observed HCHO were analysed by using ground level carbon monoxide (CO) and Ox (O3 + nitrogen oxide (NO2)) as tracers for emitted and photochemical HCHO, respectively. Contributions of various emission sectors and geographical transport to the observed HCHO summertime enhancements were determined by using a GEOS-Chem tagged-tracer simulation. The tropospheric HCHO volume mixing ratio (VMR) reached a maximum monthly mean value of (1.1 ± 0.27) ppbv in July and a minimum monthly mean value of (0.4 ± 0.11) ppbv in January. The tropospheric HCHO VMR time series from 2015–2019 shows a positive trend of (1.43 ± 0.14) % per yr. The photochemical HCHO is the dominant source of atmospheric HCHO over eastern China for most of the year (68.1 %). In the studied years, the HCHO photolysis was an important source of OH radical over eastern China during all sunlight hours of both summer and winter days. The anthropogenic emissions (fossil fuel + biofuel emissions) accounted for 31.96 % and the natural emissions (biomass burning + biogenic) accounted for 48.75 % of HCHO summertime enhancements. The observed HCHO summertime enhancements were largely attributed to the emissions within China (76.92 %), where eastern China dominated the contribution (46.24 %). The increased trend in HCHO in recent years was largely attributed to the increase in the HCHO precursors such as CH4 and nonmethane VOCs (NMVOCs). This study can provide an evaluation of recent VOC emissions and regional photochemical capacity in China. In addition, this study is also important for regulatory and control purposes and will help to improve urban air quality and contribute to the formation of new Chinese clean air policies in the future.
The seasonal cycle of ice-nucleating particles linked to the abundance of biogenic aerosol in boreal forests
Authors: Schneider Julia , Höhler Kristina , Heikkilä Paavo , Keskinen Jorma , Bertozzi Barbara , Bogert Pia , Schorr Tobias , Umo Nsikanabasi Silas , Vogel Franziska , Brasseur Zoé , Wu Yusheng , Hakala Simo , Duplissy Jonathan , Moisseev Dmitri , Kulmala Markku , Adams Michael P. , Murray Benjamin J. , Korhonen Kimmo , Hao Liqing , Thomson Erik S. , Castarède Dimitri , Leisner Thomas , Petäjä Tuukka , Möhler Ottmar
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) trigger the formation of cloud ice crystals in the atmosphere. Therefore, they strongly influence cloud microphysical and optical properties, as well as precipitation and the life cycle of clouds. Improving weather forecasting and climate projection requires an appropriate formulation of atmospheric INP concentrations. This remains challenging, as the global INP distribution and variability depend on a variety of aerosol types and sources, and neither their short-term variability nor their long-term seasonal cycles are well covered by continuous measurements. Here, we provide the first year-long set of observations with a pronounced INP seasonal cycle in a boreal forest environment. Besides the observed seasonal cycle in INP concentrations with a minimum in wintertime and maxima in early and late summer, we also provide indications for a seasonal variation in the prevalent INP type. We show that the seasonal dependency of INP concentrations and prevalent INP types is most likely driven by the abundance of biogenic aerosol. As current parameterizations do not reproduce this variability, we suggest a new parameterization approach, which considers the seasonal variation of INP concentrations. For this, we use the ambient air temperature as a proxy for the season which affects the source strength of biogenic emissions and by that the INP abundance over the boreal forest areas. Furthermore, we provide new INP parameterizations based on the Ice Nucleation Active Surface Site (INAS) approach, which specifically describes the ice nucleation activity of boreal aerosols particles prevalent in different seasons. Our results characterize the boreal forest as an important but variable INP source and provide new perspectives to describe these new findings in atmospheric models.
Microphysical Properties of Three Types of Snow Clouds: Implication to Satellite Snowfall Retrievals
Authors: Jeoung Hwayoung , Liu Guosheng , Kim Kwonil , Lee Gyuwon , Seo Eun-Kyoung
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Ground-based radar and radiometer data observed during the 2017–18 winter were used to simultaneously estimate both cloud liquid water path and snowfall rate for three types of snowing clouds: near-surface, shallow and deep. Surveying all the observed data, it is found that near-surface cloud is the most frequently observed cloud type with an area fraction of over 60 %, while deep cloud contributes the most in snowfall volume with about 50 % of the total. The probability distributions of snowfall rates are clearly different among the three types of clouds, with vast majority hardly reaching to 0.3 mm h−1 (liquid water equivalent snowfall rate) for near-surface, 0.5 mm h−1 for shallow, and 1 mm h−1 for deep clouds. However, liquid water path in the three types of clouds all has substantial probability to reach 500 g m−2. There is no clear correlation found between snowfall rate and liquid water path for any of the cloud types. Based on all observed snow profiles, brightness temperatures at Global Precipitation Measurement Microwave Imager channels are simulated, and the ability of a Bayesian algorithm to retrieve snowfall rate is examined using half the profiles as observations and the other half as a priori database. Under idealized scenario, i.e., without considering the uncertainties caused by surface emissivity, ice particle size distribution and particle shape, the study found that the correlation as expressed by R2 between the “retrieved” and “observed” snowfall rates is about 0.33, 0.48 and 0.74, respectively, for near-surface, shallow and deep snowing clouds over land surface; these numbers basically indicate the upper limits capped by cloud natural variability, to which the retrieval skill of a Bayesian retrieval algorithm can reach. A hypothetical retrieval for the same clouds but over ocean is also studied, and a major improvement in skills is found for near-surface clouds with R2 increased from 0.33 to 0.54, while virtually no change in skills is found for deep clouds and only marginal improvement is found for shallow clouds. This study provides a general picture of the microphysical characteristics of the different types of snowing clouds and points out the associated challenges in retrieving their snowfall rate from passive microwave observations.
Biogeochemical Impact of Cable Bacteria on Coastal Black Sea Sediment
Authors: Hermans Martijn , Risgaard-Petersen Nils , Meysman Filip J. R. , Slomp Caroline P.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Cable bacteria can strongly alter sediment biogeochemistry. Here, we used laboratory incubations to assess whether cable bacteria can establish in iron (Fe) monosulphide-poor coastal Black Sea sediment and to determine the impact of their activity on the cycling of Fe, phosphorus (P) and sulphur (S). Microsensor depth profiles of oxygen, sulphide and pH in combination with electric potential profiling and FISH analyses showed a rapid development ( 200 days). During most of the experiment, the current density correlated linearly with the oxygen demand. Sediment oxygen uptake was attributed to activity of cable bacteria and the oxidation of reduced products from anaerobic degradation of organic matter, such as ammonium. Pore water sulphide was low (
Transforming school students' aspirations into destinations through extended interaction with cutting-edge research: Physics Research in School Environments
Authors: Archer Martin O. , DeWitt Jennifer , Thorley Charlotte
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We introduce a scalable framework for protracted research-based engagement with schools called Physics Research in School Environments (PRiSE) which has transformed cutting-edge space science, astronomy, and particle physics into accessible 6-month independent research projects for schools. The programme's theory of change presents how PRiSE aims to impact on a diverse range of 14–18 year-old students, supporting and enhancing their physics aspirations, as well as influencing teachers' practice and their school environments to potentially enable wider impacts. We explore the considerations made in developing the programme to help enact these theorised changes, in particular detailing the structure, support, and resources offered by active researchers as part of PRiSE. Through feedback from participating students and teachers, we assess the provision within this framework. This illustrates that the model appears to provide highly positive experiences that are otherwise not accessible to schools and that the extraordinary level of support offered is deemed necessary with all elements appearing equally important. Researchers and public engagement professionals seem receptive to the PRiSE framework of schools engagement and it has started to spread to other institutions.
Thanks for helping me find my enthusiasm for physics! The lasting impacts research in schools projects can have on students, teachers, and schools
Authors: Archer Martin O. , DeWitt Jennifer
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Using 6 years of evaluation data we assess the medium- and long-term impacts upon a diverse range of students, teachers, and schools from participating in a programme of protracted university-mentored projects based in cutting-edge space science, astronomy, and particle physics research. After having completed their 6-month-long projects, the 14–18 year-old school students report having substantially increased in confidence relating to relevant scientific topics and methods as well as having developed numerous skills, outcomes which are corroborated by teachers. There is evidence that the projects helped increase students' aspirations towards physics, whereas science aspirations (generally high to begin with) were typically maintained or confirmed through their involvement. Longitudinal evaluation 3 years later has revealed that these projects have been lasting experiences for students which they have benefited and drawn upon in their subsequent university education. Data on students' destinations suggests that their involvement in research projects has made them more likely to undertake physics and STEM degrees than would otherwise be expected. Cases of co-created novel physics research resulting from PRiSE also has seemed to have a powerful effect, not only on the student co-authors but participating students from other schools also. Teachers have also been positively affected through participating, with the programme having influenced their own knowledge, skills, and pedagogy, as well as having advantageous effects felt across their wider schools. These impacts suggest that similar research in schools initiatives may have a role to play in aiding the increased uptake and diversity of physics and/or STEM in higher education as well as meaningfully enhancing the STEM environment within schools.
Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) v2.0 – an extended set of large-scale diagnostics for quasi-operational and comprehensive evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP
Authors: Eyring Veronika , Bock Lisa , Lauer Axel , Righi Mattia , Schlund Manuel , Andela Bouwe , Arnone Enrico , Bellprat Omar , Brötz Björn , Caron Louis-Philippe , Carvalhais Nuno , Cionni Irene , Cortesi Nicola , Crezee Bas , Davin Edouard L. , Davini Paolo , Debeire Kevin , de Mora Lee , Deser Clara , Docquier David , Earnshaw Paul , Ehbrecht Carsten , Gier Bettina K. , Gonzalez-Reviriego Nube , Goodman Paul , Hagemann Stefan , Hardiman Steven , Hassler Birgit , Hunter Alasdair , Kadow Christopher , Kindermann Stephan , Koirala Sujan , Koldunov Nikolay , Lejeune Quentin , Lembo Valerio , Lovato Tomas , Lucarini Valerio , Massonnet François , Müller Benjamin , Pandde Amarjiit , Pérez-Zanón Núria , Phillips Adam , Predoi Valeriu , Russell Joellen , Sellar Alistair , Serva Federico , Stacke Tobias , Swaminathan Ranjini , Torralba Verónica , Vegas-Regidor Javier , von Hardenberg Jost , Weigel Katja , Zimmermann Klaus
Published: July 2020

Abstract. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community
diagnostics and performance metrics tool designed to improve comprehensive
and routine evaluation of Earth system models (ESMs) participating in the
Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP). It has undergone rapid
development since the first release in 2016 and is now a well-tested tool
that provides end-to-end provenance tracking to ensure reproducibility. It
consists of (1) an easy-to-install, well-documented Python package providing the
core functionalities (ESMValCore) that performs common preprocessing
operations and (2) a diagnostic part that includes tailored diagnostics and
performance metrics for specific scientific applications. Here we describe
large-scale diagnostics of the second major release of the tool that
supports the evaluation of ESMs participating in CMIP Phase 6 (CMIP6).
ESMValTool v2.0 includes a large collection of diagnostics and performance
metrics for atmospheric, oceanic, and terrestrial variables for the mean
state, trends, and variability. ESMValTool v2.0 also successfully reproduces
figures from the evaluation and projections chapters of the
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report
(AR5) and incorporates updates from targeted analysis packages, such as the
NCAR Climate Variability Diagnostics Package for the evaluation of modes of
variability, the Thermodynamic Diagnostic Tool (TheDiaTo) to evaluate the
energetics of the climate system, as well as parts of AutoAssess that
contains a mix of top–down performance metrics. The tool has been fully
integrated into the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) infrastructure at
the Deutsches Klimarechenzentrum (DKRZ) to provide evaluation results from
CMIP6 model simulations shortly after the output is published to the CMIP
archive. A result browser has been implemented that enables advanced
monitoring of the evaluation results by a broad user community at much
faster timescales than what was possible in CMIP5.
Development of a three-dimensional variational assimilation
system for lidar profile data based on a size-resolved aerosol
model in WRF-Chem model v3.9.1 and its application in PM2.5
forecasts across China
Authors: Liang Yanfei , Zang Zengliang , Liu Dong , Yan Peng , Hu Yiwen , Zhou Yan , You Wei
Published: July 2020

Abstract. For the aerosol variables in the model for simulating aerosol interactions and chemistry (MOSAIC)-4bin chemical scheme in the Weather Research and Forecasting–Chemistry (WRF–Chem) model, this study presents an observation forward aerosol extinction coefficient (AEC) and aerosol mass concentration (AMC) operator and corresponding adjoint based on the interagency monitoring of protected visual environments (IMPROVE) equation, and then a three-dimensional variational (3-DVAR) data assimilation system (DA) is developed for lidar AECs and AMCs. DA experiments are conducted based on AEC profiles measured by five light detection and ranging (lidar) systems as well as mass concentration (MC) data measured at over 1,500 ground environmental monitoring stations across China for particulate matter 2.5 µm or less in diameter (PM2.5) and PM between 2.5 and 10 µm in diameter (PM10). An experiment comparing assimilated and without assimilated measurements finds the following. While only five lidars were available within the simulation region (approximately 2.33 million km2 in size), assimilating lidar AEC data alone can effectively improve the accuracy of the initial field of the WRF–Chem as well as its forecast performance for PM2.5MCs. Compared to the without assimilated experiment, DA reduces the root mean square error of surface PM2.5MCs in the initial field of the model by 10.5 μg/m3 (17.6 %). Moreover, the positive effect resulting from the optimization of the initial field for AMCs can last for more than 24 h. By taking advantage of lidar aerosol vertical profile information and the near-surface PM MC observations, assimilating lidar AEC and surface PM2.5 (PM10) simultaneously can effectively integrate their observed information and generate a more accurate 3D aerosol analysis field.
A Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for continuous in situ measurement of CH4 and CO2 dissolved in water
Authors: Xiao Shangbin , Liu Liu , Wang Wei , Lorke Andreas , Woodhouse Jason , Grossart Hans-Peter
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Biogenic greenhouse gas emissions, e.g., of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) from inland waters, contribute substantially to global warming. In aquatic systems, dissolved greenhouse gases are highly heterogeneous in both space and time. To better understand the biological and physical processes that affect sources and sinks of both CH4 and CO2, their dissolved concentrations need to be measured with high spatial and temporal resolution. To achieve this goal, we developed the Fast-Response Automated Gas Equilibrator (FaRAGE) for real-time in situ measurement of dissolved CH4 and CO2 concentrations at the water surface and in the water column. FaRAGE can achieve an exceptionally short response time
(t95 %=12 s when including the response time of the gas analyzer)
while retaining an equilibration ratio of 62.6 % and a measurement
accuracy of 0.5 % for CH4. A similar performance was observed for dissolved CO2 (t95 %=10 s, equilibration ratio 67.1 %). An equilibration ratio as high as 91.8 % can be reached at the cost of a slightly increased response time (16 s). The FaRAGE is capable of continuously measuring dissolved CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the nM-to-sub mM (10−9–10−3 mol L−1) range with a detection limit of sub-nM (10−10 mol L−1), when coupling with a cavity ring-down greenhouse gas analyzer (Picarro GasScouter). FaRAGE allows for the possibility of mapping dissolved concentration in a “quasi” three-dimensional manner in lakes and provides an inexpensive alternative to other commercial gas equilibrators. It is simple to operate and suitable for continuous monitoring with a strong tolerance for suspended particles. While the FaRAGE is developed for inland waters, it can be also applied to ocean waters by tuning the gas–water mixing ratio. The FaRAGE is easily adapted to suit other gas analyzers expanding the range of potential applications, including nitrous oxide and isotopic composition of the gases.
Design and Robustness Analysis of Intelligent Controllers for Commercial Greenhouse
Authors: Subin Mattara Chalill , Singh Abhilasha , Kalaichelvi Venkatesan , Karthikeyan Ramanujam , Periasamy Chinnapalaniandi
Published: July 2020

Abstract. In a commercial greenhouse, variables, such as
temperature and humidity, should be controlled with minimal human
intervention. A systematically designed climate control system can enhance
the yield of commercial greenhouses. This study aims to formulate a
nonlinear multivariable transfer function model of the greenhouse model
using thermodynamic laws by taking into account the variables that affect
the Greenhouse Climate Control System. To control its parameters, Mamdani
model-based Fuzzy PID is designed which is compared with the performance of
proportional-integral (PI) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID)
controllers to achieve a smooth control action. The Fuzzy logic based PID
provides robust control actions eliminating the need for conventional tuning
methods. The robustness analysis is performed using values obtained from
real-time implementation for the greenhouse model for Fuzzy based PID, PI
and PID controllers by minimizing the Integral Absolute Error (IAE) and
Integral Square Error (ISE). The greenhouse model has strong interactions
between its parameters, which are removed by Relative Gain Array (RGA)
analysis, thereby providing an effective control strategy for complex
greenhouse production. Further, the stability analysis of non-linear
greenhouse model is conducted with the help of the bode plot and Nyquist
plot. Results show that good control performance can be achieved by tuning
the gain parameters of controllers via step responses such as small
overshoot, fast settling time, less rise time, and steady-state error. Also,
smoother control action was obtained with Fuzzy based PID making the
Greenhouse Climate Control System stable.
Characterization of Titan Dome, East Antarctica, and potential as
an ice core target
Authors: Beem Lucas H. , Young Duncan A. , Greenbaum Jamin S. , Blankenship Donald D. , Guo Jingxue , Bo Sun
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Titan Dome is located about 200 km from the South Pole along the 180◦ meridian within the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. Based on sparse data, it is a region that is identified as having a higher probability of containing ice that would capture the middle Pleistocene transition (1.25 to 0.7 Ma) as a paleoclimate proxy. New aerial geophysical observations collected over Titan Dome were used to characterize the region and assess its suitability as a paleoclimate ice core site. The radar coupled with an available ice core age model enabled the tracing of isochronal layers throughout the region which also served as constraints on basal ice age modeling. The results of the survey revealed new basal topographic detail, constrained the location of Titan Dome, which differs between community datasets, and suggests that the basal ice beneath Titan Dome is too young to be relevant to study of the middle Pleistocene transition.
From Kossuth’s Twin-Soul to the Nation’s Chief Nurse: the Legacy of Zsuzsanna Kossuth Meszlényi
Authors: Deák Nóra
Published: July 2020

In this study the personal life and professional career of Zsuzsanna Kossuth, the youngest sister of Lajos Kossuth, is discussed based on primary and secondary sources with special emphasis on her physical and emotional journey into exile, where she was surrounded by both Hungarian emigrés and American intellectuals. By the time she arrived in the United States in 1853, her personal life had been full of ups and downs: she had lost her husband and baby son within a year of each other, spent months in prison twice and had become sick, with only a cough initially, then pneumonia and finally “pulmonary affections.” In spite of the many setbacks she suffered, Kossuth also stands apart for the unusual reason that she had a career: in April, 1849, during the Hungarian War of Independence, she was appointed the Chief Nurse of camp hospitals. Although she has not become as famous as Florence Nightingale, viewed as the founder of modern nursing, Zsuzsanna Kossuth organized seventy-two camp hospitals and a network of volunteer nurses five years previous to the Crimean War. The year 2017 was dedicated in Hungary to her memory commemorating the bicentenary of her birth in particular and to the profession of nursing in general. Her legacy should be promoted globally.
An Exceptional Case of Women’s Self-Advocacy in Interwar Hungary: Cécile Tormay
Authors: Kádár Judit
Published: July 2020

A Hungarian writer who became a prominent public figure in the Horthy era, Cécile Tormay’s (1875-1937) fame and success was principally due to her memoir, Bujdosó könyv [‘The Hiding Book’], a work published in 1920-21 that depicts the two Hungarian revolutions following World War I. This popular work enjoyed several editions during the interwar period and was translated into English and French for propaganda purposes. After World War II, Bujdosó könyv was among the first works banned by Hungarian authorities for its anti-Semitism. Hailed as the most notable female author of the interwar period, Tormay’s name rose anew after the fall of socialism in 1989. Fueled by the official biography written two years after her death in the Horthy era by the conservative professor of literature, János Hankiss, a revival in the cult surrounding Tormay’s work has taken place in recent years. Hankiss portrayed Tormay as a woman of Hungarian noble descent whose deeds were motivated by sheer patriotism. This paper contends that Cécile Tormay was embraced by the interwar elite for her active role in the counter-revolutionary conspiracy against the First Hungarian Republic.
An Overview of the Language History of the Hungarian Jewish Community in the Carpathian Basin and Diaspora with a Special Emphasis on Yiddish
Authors: Ferdinand Siarl
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a brief language history of the Hungarian Jewish community since their establishment in the Carpathian Basin to the present, with a special focus on Yiddish. Between the Middle Ages and the nineteenth century, Yiddish became the group’s majority language; after the 1850s, the Hungarian Jewry started a process of language substitution. By the 1930s, the use of Yiddish was mostly limited to the ultra-Orthodox communities of Eastern Hungary, while the rest mainly adopted Hungarian. In this research, a pilot study of the current situation of Yiddish has been mapped using several methods, including a questionnaire answered by a hundred and thirty individuals and unstructured interviews with linguists. Although this study’s results confirm the earlier research by Matras (2010) and Shandler (2006) in establishing that Yiddish is generally a post-vernacular language while Hungarian has acquired the role of an ethnic language, it was found that a considerable percentage of those living in the Carpathian Basin still preserve Yiddish. This paper aims to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the group dynamics in bilingual communities and, specifically, to provide a clearer view of the language situation among the Hungarian Jewry.
Davis, Chris. 2019. Hungarian Religion, Romanian Blood: A Minority Struggle for National Belonging, 1920-1945. Madison, Wisconsin: University of Wisconsin Press. 249 pp.
Authors: Cotoi Călin
Published: July 2020

-
Bock, Julia. 2019. The Treatment of Hungarian Jewish Health Professionals in the Shadow of the Holocaust. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Authors: Lee Andrew J.
Published: July 2020

-
Socio-economic Impact on Grey Parrot Survival, Implications on the Conservation of the Species in Kom National Park-Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary Complex, South-Cameroon
Authors: KOUGOUM PIEBENG Ghislain Noé , TAMUNGANG Simon AWAFOR , Zechia Gilbert MOFOR
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of this study was to assess the perception of local residents regarding the impact of human activities on grey parrots (Psittacus erithacus) in Kom National Park-Mengame Gorilla Sanctuary Complex. Based on that, a structured questionnaire was administered to 400 inhabitants. The analysis shows that the capture of parrots for trade stood at (51.50%) and mechanized logging (68.75%). These were the greatest threats to the nest failure, nest disappearance and conservation of parrots in the complex. Among the methods of capturing birds, the most often are illegal method (74%), the use of rifles (12.25%) and glue traps (27%) are the most destructive methods. Foreigners (70%) are the most involved in the catches and no restrictions are made on the stage of development of the birds collected (eggs, chicks and adults). The living population around the complex seems to have a very low impact on the parrot resource. Strict compliance with the ban on the capture of this bird in Cameroon by CITES in 2016, afforestation or control of logging and improving the standard of living of local residents would contribute to the sustainable conservation of this species in its range.
Uma implementação paralelizada via a API OpenMP para a simulação numérica de reservatórios de gás natural
Authors: De Carvalho Leonardo Tarazona Muzí , Werneck Leonardo Figueira , De Souza Grazione , Amaral Souto Helio Pedro
Published: July 2020

Nas últimas décadas, a indústria de óleo e gás tem empregado cada vez mais recursos para reduzir os custos computacionais em simulações numéricas de escoamentos em reservatórios. O estudo de casos realísticos leva, em geral, à solução de sistemas de equações algébricas não-lineares que demandam esforços computacionais significativos de processamento e memória. Tais equações são obtidas a partir da discretização das equações diferenciais parciais utilizadas na modelagem dos escoamentos. Um exemplo de técnica aplicada em implementações de alto desempenho, a qual leva à redução no tempo de processamento, é a Application Programing Interface (API) Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP), baseada na utilização de memória compartilhada e de linhas de execução (threads). Neste trabalho, utiliza-se a paralelização via o OpenMP para melhorar o desempenho de um simulador numérico de escoamentos bidimensionais em reservatórios de gás natural. Os métodos estacionários de Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel e SOR, para a solução de sistemas de equações algébricas, foram paralelizados e comparados. O método SOR foi o escolhido para ser aplicado nos estudos envolvendo a variação do número de volumes da malha computacional e das características do escoamento. Em todas as simulações realizadas obteve-se ganhos com a paralelização em relação ao desempenho das versões seriais, atingindo-se valores máximos de speedup superiores a 7 em alguns casos.
Authors: Raineri Bernain Andrés , Fuchs Baranski Claudio
Published: July 2020

An empirical study is presented on the relationship existing between the personnel management skills of the supervisors in a firm and the quality of the internal services afforded by the units under their supervision. The empirical evidence found in the study supports the hypothesis that personnel management abilities constitute a determinant of internal services quality. An analysis is also performed aiming at defining which personnel management abilities have a higher predictive capacity in connection with internal service quality.
Valuation of Natural Resources
Authors: Maquieira V. Carlos
Published: July 2020

This article reviews the most important studies related to the problem of valuing investments on natural resources. We first consider some of the models developed in economics and then we focus on the most recent models which are based on a private evaluation perspective. Using the contingent claims analysis, the models are built on financial principles under uncertainty conditions.
Authors: Olavarrieta Soto Sergio
Published: July 2020

This article seeks to integrate the ideas of organizational learning literature within a more global model, where learning emerges from a dynamic and evolutionary competitive process. This process also explains the existence of firm heterogeneity in terms of patterns and performance. The model considers firms as systems that learn from competition in the market, which is seen not only as a resource allocator, but also as a scenario for experimentation and learning. Some implications for future research and management practice are offered.
Authors: Olavarrieta Sergio , Gutiérrez Alejandra , Zárate Aracelly
Published: July 2020

Recent studies in the US and other developed countries have demonstrated that customer satisfaction is a key element for a profitable business. Much of this work has been done in developed nations. We wanted to know if a foreign-developed customer satisfaction model will hold in a developing South American nation having its own culture and going through basic stages of economic development. In particular, the present study provides an exploratory test of the validity of a general model that considers both confirmation of expectations and congruence of desires as drivers of satisfaction (Spreng and Olshavsky 1993) in Chile, using structural equations modeling.