bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review of the Application and Development of Output Hypothesis Theory in Foreign Language Teaching
Authors: Yanmin Wu , Yi Peng
Published: July 2019

Since Swain proposed the theory of output hypothesis in 1985, the study focus of foreign language teaching has been shifted from input research to input and output research. The positive impact of output has been demonstrated by a large number of studies and output has been received more and more attention in the field of second language acquisition. This paper sorts out the development and application of output hypothesis theory in foreign language teaching in order to lay the foundation for further exploration.
Review of the Current Epidemiological Situation on the Incidence of Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome in the World and Forecast of the Incidence for the Territory of the Russian Federation in 2019
Authors: Savitskaya T. A. , Trifonov V. A. , Isaeva G. Sh. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Pakskina N. D. , Serova I. V. , Ivanova A. V. , Safronov V. A. , Popov N. V.
Published: July 2019

The paper presents analysis of epidemiological situation on hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome around the world and in the Russian Federation over the period of 2009–2018. 5855 cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome were registered in Russia in 2018 (3.99 per one hundred thousand of the population). Downward trend is observed as compared to 2017 (by 29.6 %). Cases of cluster infection were not reported. It is established that the highest level of morbidity, exceeding the average level across Russia 3.9 times, was noted in the Volga Federal District, where 77.5% of the total cases occurred. The territory of the Russian Federation was differentiated by the HFRS incidence rates. The areas with high levels of morbidity included the entities of the Russian Federation with intensive index range between 9.08 and 41.39 per one hundred thousand of the population, among them Republics of Bashkortostan, Mari El, Tatarstan, and Mordovia, Udmurt and Chuvashi Republics, Kirov, Nizhny Novgorod, Penza, Samara, Ulyanovsk, Kostroma, Yaroslavl, and Jewish Autonomous Regions. The forecast for preservation of tense epidemiological situation on HFRS incidence in the territory of the Volga Federal District was substantiated.
Analysis and Prospects of Using Recombinant Vaccinia Virus MVA Strain as a Vector in the Development of the Vaccines against Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Diseases
Authors: Stovba L. F. , Krotkov V. T. , Paveli’ev D. I. , Mel’nikov S. A. , Lebedev V. N. , Borisevich S. V.
Published: July 2019

The review presents the results of preclinical use of vector vaccines against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) disease. Application of antiretroviral therapy exclusively is insufficient for elimination of HIV from patient’s body. This dictates the need for an effective vaccine which will reduce the number of new cases of the disease and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Current practice of medicinal product development showed the effectiveness of heterologous prime-boost regimens for the induction of expressed immune response in laboratory animals. Various vector constructs were used as priming vaccines: DNA vaccines, Bacille Calmette-Guerin vaccine, chimpanzee adenovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, alphavirus repli-clone. Booster vaccine was represented by recombinant MVA strain. In all vector vaccines, different genes of immunodominant antigens of HIV and SIV agents were inserted. On rhesus macaques, murine, rabbit models, it was demonstrated that deployed vaccination schemes were safe and induced immune response. Because membrane HIV protein is highly variable, strongly glycoziled and subjected to structural changes during receptor binding, it cannot be viewed as a target for induction of virus neutralized antibodies. Therefore, we mainly studied the cell immune response that was presented by poly-functional CD8+ T-cells. However, some recent researches are aimed at such modification of envelope HIV immunogene that would provide for virus neutralizing antibody induction. The study of protective efficiency of the induced immunity in rhesus macaques, immunized with recombinant vectors expressing SIV’ s immunodominant antigens, in case of subsequent inoculation with virulent SIV strain has revealed that all monkeys developed illness. Assuming that the constructions with SIV’ s immunodominant antigens under protective efficiency testing on rhesus macaques imitate AIDS in humans, it seems that vaccines, developed up-to-date, will not be effective for collective immunity formation against AIDS. Therefore, the search for novel combinations of expressed immunodominant antigens for the inclusion into the composition of priming and booster vaccines remains a priority area at present time.
Effect of Bacteriophages and Gentamycine on Morphology and Vesicle Formation of Bacteria Yersinia pestis EV
Authors: Dudina L. G. , Malkova M. A. , Chernyad’ev A. V. , Litvinets S. G. , Byvalov A. A.
Published: July 2019

Objective was to assess the effect of specific bacteriophages and gentamycine on the morphological-functional properties of bacteria in the vaccine strain Yersinia pestis EV.

Materials and methods. The vaccine strain Y. pestis EV, Pokrovskaya bacteriophage and the pseudotuberculous diagnostic bacteriophage were used for the study. The microbial culture was grown on solid and in liquid growth media at 27 °C for 20–24 h. The co-incubation of bacteria and bacteriophage or gentamycine was carried out at 27 °C for 20 minutes or at 37 °C for 2 hours, respectively. Culture preparations were examined by transmission electron microscopy.

Results and discussion. The influence of cultivation conditions and various stress factors on the vesicle production by the vaccine strain Y. pestis EV cells was evaluated. The nature and intensity of morphological-functional changes in Y. pestis EV cells in response to the effect of bacteriophages (plague Pokrovskaya and pseudotuberculous bacteriophages) or an antibiotic (gentamycine) were determined. It was established that co-incubation of Y. pestis EV with Pokrovskaya bacteriophage or gentamycine for 20 min leads to the increase in the production of extracellular vesicles and is accompanied by the development of degenerative changes in bacterial cells.
Epidemiological Significance of Hantavirus Infection in Crimea
Authors: Zinich L. S. , Kovalenko I. S. , Pidchenko N. N. , Tikhonov S. N.
Published: July 2019

Objective of this work was to determine epidemiological significance of Hantaviruses, circulating in Crimea, on the basis of retrospective data and taking into account the results obtained over the monitoring period of 2015–2018.

Materials and methods. The study of small mammals and blood sera of donors was carried using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results and discussion. Held in 1985–1989 studies of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) suggested that Hantaviruses, circulating among the voles of the genus Microtus in the territory of Crimea, do not have etiological significance in the structure of HFRS incidence. A 2008 study found the circulation of Hantaviruses of the Tula serotype among Microtus arvalis (obscurus). Studies on the natural focality of Hantavirus infection in Crimea during 2015–2018 showed circulation of Hantaviruses among small mammals: Microtus socialis, Mus musculus, Sylvaemus witherbyi, Crocidura suaveolens, which are not the main reservoirs of pathogenic Hantaviruses. Also, seropositive to hantavirus donors were detected – 0.4 %. Local cases of HFRS infection for the entire observation period were not registered. To confirm the positive findings and determine the epidemiological significance of circulating pathogens, samples with positive for Hantaviruses findings were sent to the reference center for HFRS in 2017. The results of the investigation did not confirm the presence of antibodies to human pathogenic Hantaviruses in the blood sera of donors; in the biological material from mouse-like rodents, the antigen of pathogenic for humans serotypes of Hantavirus was not detected. Thus, in the natural foci of Crimea in 2015–2018, the circulation of Hantaviruses which do not belong to pathogenic for humans serotypes of Hantavirus Puumala, Hantaan, Dobrava was registered. Detection of seropositive donors testifies to natural immunization of the population through circulation of Hantaviruses that are non-pathogenic for humans or Hantaviruses of other serotypes.
Size and Shape of the Human Anterior Cruciate Ligament and the Impact of Sex and Skeletal Growth
Authors: Cone Stephanie G. , Howe Danielle , Fisher Matthew B.
Published: July 2019

Background:

High rates of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and surgical reconstruction in both skeletally immature and mature populations have led to many studies investigating the size and shape of the healthy ligament. The purposes of the present study were to compile existing quantitative measurements of the geometry of the ACL, its bundles, and its insertion sites and to describe effects of common covariates such as sex and age.

Methods:

A search of the Web of Science was conducted for studies published from January 1, 1900, to April 11, 2018, describing length, cross-sectional area, volume, orientation, and insertion sites of the ACL. Two reviewers independently screened and reviewed the articles to collect quantitative data for each parameter.

Results:

Quantitative data were collected from 92 articles in this systematic review. In studies of adults, reports of average ACL length, cross-sectional area, and volume ranged from 26 to 38 mm, 30 to 53 mm2, and 854 to 1,858 mm3, respectively. Reported values were commonly found to vary according to sex and skeletal maturity as well as measurement technique.

Conclusions:

Although the geometry of the ACL has been described widely in the literature, quantitative measurements can depend on sex, age, and measurement modality, contributing to variability between studies. As such, care must be taken to account for these factors. The present study condenses measurements describing the geometry of the ACL, its individual bundles, and its insertion sites, accounting for common covariates when possible, to provide a resource to the clinical and scientific communities.

Clinical Relevance:

Quantitative measures of ACL geometry are informative for developing clinical treatments such as ACL reconstruction. Age and sex can impact these parameters.
Asymptomatic Rotator Cuff Tears
Authors: Lawrence Rebekah L. , Moutzouros Vasilios , Bey Michael J.
Published: July 2019

» Asymptomatic rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are prevalent in the general population; they are positively associated with age and are common in the contralateral shoulder of individuals who are being treated for shoulder pain or a symptomatic RCT.

» Asymptomatic RCTs are likely to become symptomatic over time, corresponding with decreased patient-reported function, strength, and range of motion.

» Previous studies have largely reported inconsistent findings regarding patient-reported outcomes, strength, range of motion, and kinematics in individuals with asymptomatic RCTs.

» Future research would benefit from characterizing any functional alteration that is associated with asymptomatic rotator cuff pathology, including determining whether such alterations are detrimental or compensatory and understanding the mechanism by which an asymptomatic RCT becomes symptomatic.
Menguak Nilai Dan Makna Di Balik Praktik Penentuan Harga Sewa: Studi Fenomenologis Pada Pengusaha Kos-Kosan
Authors: Prasdika Danang , Auliyah Robiatul , Setiawan Achdiar Redy
Published: July 2019

This research seeks to expose the practice of determining rental rates on business
services room kos-kosan named Kos Putra Mulya. The purpose of this researchis
to know the practices of the determination of rents that occur as well as uncovering
the value and the meaning behind these practices. This study uses qualitative methods
as

tools in the process of the discovery answers and use
the knife as a phenomenology analysis approach to answer the value and its meanings.
The

results showed in the method of determining the price of rent conducted
by Kos Putra Mulya was not based on the total cost of the activity
of search efforts, but onlyusing the process of "estimate" in determining the costper-room.This

is due to the presence of mutual cultural influence in its Treasury
activities.
In

addition, there is cultural gotong royong, owners also instill a
sense of brotherhood in every effort suffered, so that business owners regard
the tenants is part of the family. And the last, the process of extracting the consciousness
to

find meaning in the term profit increase, i.e. the profit is defined
as "rezekinya", while if the lossesmeant "bukan rezekinya".
Mengulik Euforia Amnesti Pajak: Hukum-APBN-Utang-Pajak (Studi Kasus Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Kabupaten X)
Authors: Prasetyo Whedy
Published: July 2019

This study aims to investigate Law. 11 of 2016 on Tax Amnesty dated July 1, 2016 which aims to increase tax revenues and encourage the transfer of assets abroad to the country (asset repatriation). A case study on Tax Office Primary Regency Xwith a qualitative approach is used in this study by showing the response of the presence of PSAK 70 on the Implementation of Asset Accounting (Treasures) and Liabilities (Debt) Tax Amnesty in a proportional perspective. The result is the growth of tax compliance in the motivation and mental attitude of the taxpayer through integrity, responsibility, discipline, accuracy, cooperation, honesty, visi onary, motivation and attitude to achieve tax functions as Budgeter, Regulern, Democracy, and Redistribution in tax amnesty. These four functions are a manifestation of the Law-APBN-Debt-Taxon tax realization targets, therefore tax is expected to be a form of public awareness (voluntary compliance) in contributingto the State through self assessment. Finally, the function of tax amnesty can be an economic tool for the welfare of the people, one of the sources of development financing, to encourage economic growth through the current development policy and it means to create job opportunities and other economic and business opportunities. So that the two parties between the government and WP have a synergistic relationship in recording and reporting the amount of taxes that become obligations, toward a fair tax revenue structure.
Updating Standard Operating Procedures : Tuntutan Manajemen? Studi Kasus Pada Unit Gizi Rumah Sakit X Di Surabaya
Authors: Tejosaputra Lidya Ratnasari , Wijaya Hendra
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze and evaluate the implementation of standard operational procedures (SOPs) in nutrition unit of X hospital in Surabaya after the change of management. The scope of the study is the implementation of SOPs that focused on the organizing of processing food in hospital’s kitchen. The study uses explanative qualitative approach with case study method. The types and sources of data are qualitative and primary data. Methods of data collection are interview, observation, and documentation.

The results of the study show that the change of management caused many changes and adjustments in day to day operational implementation, but there is not enough updating the SOPs. The evaluation of SOPs reveals that the report needed by new management is not available as there are not enough documents in the existing SOPs to support the availability of the report. Hence, the updating of SOPs is necessary to fulfill the management demand.
Metode Pembelajaran E-Learning Menggunakan Technology Acceptance Modelling (TAM) Untuk Pembelajaran Akuntansi
Authors: Iqbal Johandri , - Arisman
Published: July 2019

This study develops E-learninglearning model. By applying E-learninglearning design, it facilitates lecturer and student to expand supporting course on their own. E-learningsystem design uses technology acceptance model concept (TAM) which is a technology and information system acceptance model will be used by the user. The construct in technology acceptance mode is perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, attitude towards behavior, behavioral intention, and actual technology use. Hypothesis test used structural equation modeling (SEM). By testing the validity and reliability, Model fit criteria, Output Laten Variable coefficients, Output Indirect and total Effects, seven hypothesis which would be examined, five hypothesis are accepted and two hypothesis are rejected.
Effect of Corporate Governance And Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility on The Quality of Financial Statements
Authors: Rusady Winda Pramudita , Prasetyo Andrian Budi
Published: July 2019

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the disclosure of corporate social responsibility on the quality of the financial reports and the disclosure of corporate social responsibility mediation on the financial report quality of corporate governance. The dependent variable, financial report quality, was measured by earnings management (RAM); while, the independent variables, corporate social responsibility disclosure and corporate governance, were measured byCSRindex andCGIindex. Meanwhile, the control variables were the negative value of operating cash flow, profit, debt ratio, market volatility, and operating cycle. The sample was manufacturing companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in the period of 2013-2015. The sampling method was purposive sampling and the technique of analysis was multiple linear regression. The results showed that corporate social responsibility disclosure significantly and negatively affectedRAMand the mediation of corporate social responsibility disclosure on the effect of corporate governance did not affect the quality of the financial reports.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING AUDITOR’S JUDGEMENTS: STUDY OF PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM AUDITORS IN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Pratama Bima Cinintya , Innayah Maulida Nurul
Published: July 2019

Audit judgment is necessary because the audit cannot be conducted on all of the evidence. These evidence is used to express an opinion on the audited financial statements, so it can be said that the audit judgment also determining the outcome of the audit. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that affect the auditor’s judgment in doing audit. This research was explorative research. The research methodology used in this research was factor analysis method. Technique used in collecting the data was questionnaire technique. The questionnaires were delivered to 72 auditors in public accounting firms in Yogyakarta. Fifty-six questionnaires (78%) were returned complete and could be processed. The results of the data analysis show that the auditor’s judgments in doing audit are influenced by factors of audit tenure, risk, professionalism, and attitude. Audit tenure becomes the dominant factor because it has the largest eigenvalues of 6.240. The implications of this study is that public accounting firms are expected to be aware to the audit tenure so close relationship will not exist that would affect the independence and objectivity of the auditor.
DETERMINAN FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN EKSTERNAL TERHADAP NILAI PERUSAHAAN FOOD AND BEVERAGE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Damayanti Ameilia , Munira Mira
Published: July 2019

Companies with good financial performance will produce maximum profits so that they have a high return on investment. The purpose of this study is to prove and explain the effect of profitability (ROA), leverage (DER), and inflation partially to PBV of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX), as well as the effect of profitability (ROA), leverage (DER), and inflation simultaneously to PBV at food and beverage companies listed on the IDX. The data used in the study are secondary data, in the form of audited financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The study population was 10 food and beverage companies listed on the IDX in 2012 - 2017 with the sampling technique used was purposive sampling. The analysis was carried out with quantitative descriptive analysis techniques using IBM SPSS 21. The results of data analysis showed that partially ROA had a significant effect on PBV, DER and inflation partially had no significant effect on PBV. Simultaneously ROA, DER, and inflation have a significant influence on the PBV of food and beverage companies listed on the IDX.
TOPIK PENELITIAN TERKINI SEPUTAR PASAR MODAL SYARIAH
Authors: Yuliana Rita
Published: July 2019

This article aims to present recent issues from research topics regarding Islamic capital market. This presentation accompanied with explanation regarding condition and development of Islamic capital market in Indonesia. It is essential to provide understanding that Islamic capital market research can be done as the data needed is adequate and easy to obtain. This article use reference from reputable international journals, while journal from Indonesia can’t be included since the limitation of reputable journal that discuss about Islamic capital market. Result from this article can be used to provide contribution in theory, practice, and policy.
Carbonic Acid Resistance of Hydroxyapatite-Containing Cement
Authors: Srivastava Aman , Ahmed Ramadan , Shah Subhash
Published: July 2019

With the current applications of carbon dioxide (CO2) in oil wells for enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) and sequestration purposes, the dissolution of CO2 in the formation brine, and the resulting formation of carbonic acid (H2CO3), is a major cause of cement damage. This degradation can lead to noncompliance with the functions of the cement because it changes compressive strength and shear-bond strength (SBS) and the porosity and permeability of cement. It becomes imperative to understand the degradation mechanism of cement and methods to reduce the damage, such as the use of special additives to improve the resistance of cement to an acid attack. Hence, the primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite on cement degradation.

To investigate the effects of hydroxyapatite additive on oil-well-cement performance, two Class H cement slurry formulations [the baseline Class H cement containing silica flour (HS) and the hydroxyapatite-containing cement (HHO), a Class H cement containing 5% hydroxyapatite by weight of cement (BWOC)] were compared after exposure to acidic environments. To evaluate the performance of the formulations, samples were prepared and aged in a high-pressure/high-temperature (HP/HT) autoclave containing 2% brine saturated with mixed gas containing methane (CH4) and CO2. Tests were performed at different temperatures (38 to 221°C), pressures (21 to 63 MPa), and CO2 concentrations (10 to 100%). After aging for 14 days at constant pressure and temperature, the samples were recovered and their bond strength and compressive strength and their porosity and permeability (i.e., overall apparent permeability) were measured and compared with those of unaged samples.

The results demonstrated that adding hydroxyapatite limits carbonation. Baseline samples that did not contain hydroxyapatite carbonated, and consequently their compressive strength, porosity, permeability, and SBS significantly changed after aging, whereas hydroxyapatite-containing samples displayed a limited change in their properties. However, hydroxyapatite-containing samples exhibit high permeability because of the formation of microcracks after exposure to H2CO3 at high temperature (221°C). The formation of microcracks could be attributed to thermal retrogression or other phenomena that cause the expansion of the cement.

This paper sheds light on the application of hydroxyapatite as a cement additive to improve the H2CO3 resistance of oilwell cement. It presents a hydroxyapatite-containing cement formulation that has acceptable slurry properties for field applications and better H2CO3 resistance compared with conventional cement.
The microbiome in benign renal tissue and in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Heidler Stefan , Lusuardi Lukas , Madersbacher Stephan , Freibauer Christa
Published: July 2019

Background

To describe the renal microbiome and to determine differences of the renal microbiome in healthy and tumour-bearing parenchyma.

Methods

10 biopsies from patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy for renal carcinoma with no history of urinary tract infections within the last 6 months were included in this study. The identification of all microorganisms was done using 16s DNA sequencing. The beta diversity analysis was performed by Bray - Curtis dissimilarity.

Results

In all kidney samples, a plethora of microorganisms was found, with significant differences between benign and malignant renal tissue (p< 0.0001).

Conclusions

There is evidence that healthy kidney tissue as well as renal cell cancer tissue have a specific microbiome, thus opening new perspectives in renal physiology and tumour pathogenesis.
Plasma HER2ECD a promising test for patient prognosis and prediction of response in HER2 positive breast cancer: Results of a randomized study - SAKK 22/99
Authors: Eppenberger-Castori Serenella , Klingbiel Dirk , Ruhstaller Thomas , Rufle Daniel Alexander , Rothgiesser Karin , Pagani Olivia , Thürlimann Beat
Published: July 2019

Background

The HER2 extracellular domain shed in blood (HER2ECD) is reported to rise and fall in parallel with HER2+ breast cancer behavior. In this study, we evaluated the clinical relevance of plasma HER2ECD values in patients with metastatic breast cancer treated in the SAKK22/99 trial comparing trastuzumab monotherapy followed by trastuzumab-chemotherapy combination at progression versus upfront combination therapy.

Methods

Quantitative assessment of plasma HER2ECD was performed in 133 patients at baseline; after 2-24 hours; at 3 weeks; at first response evaluation (8-9 weeks); and at tumor progression. Associations with tumor characteristics, disease course and trial treatment were evaluated.

Results

Baseline HER2ECD levels were stable within 24 hours after the first trastuzumab injection. These plasma values correlated positively with the HER2 gene ratio (rs=0.39, P<0.001) and HER2 protein expression levels (rs=0.36, P<0.001) but not with ER/PR status of the primary tumor. HER2ECD baseline levels were positively associated with the presence of visceral disease (P=0.05) and poor patients’ outcome (Cox-regression: P=0.009). Patients with high baseline levels (>35ng/ml) had the worst overall survival (P=0.03) if treated with upfront combination therapy. Conversely, patients with low HER2ECD baseline values (<15ng/ml) had longer TTP-TChemo when first treated with trastuzumab monotherapy (P=0.02). Monitoring HER2ECD levels during the course of the trial revealed significant time (P=0.001) and time-treatment arm interactions (P=0.0007). Under upfront trastuzumab alone, the HER2ECD levels remained stable until just before disease progression. In patients responding to combination treatment HER2ECD levels decreased to >20%.

Conclusions

Plasma HER2ECD levels in patients with metastatic breast cancer reflect HER2 disease status. This robust biomarker might help identifying patients without visceral disease profiting from a sequential treatment’s modality. Monitoring HER2ECD levels during trastuzumab monotherapy could help defining the optimal time to introduce chemotherapy.
Influence of pre-operative oral carbohydrate loading vs. standard fasting procedure on tumor proliferation and clinical outcome in breast cancer patients — a randomized trial
Authors: Lende Tone Hoel , Austdal Marie , Varhaugvik Anne Elin , Skaland Ivar , Gudlaugsson Einar , Kvaløy Jan Terje , Akslen Lars , Søiland Håvard , Janssen Emiel , Baak Jan PA
Published: July 2019

Background

The influence of carbohydrates in breast cancer is conflicting.

Objective

To determine whether preoperative per-oral carbohydrate load influences proliferation in breast tumors.

Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Setting

University hospital with primary and secondary care functions in South-West Norway.

Patients

A population-based cohort of 61 patients with operable breast cancer.

Intervention

Per-oral carbohydrate load (preOp™) 18 and 2-4 hours before surgery (n=26) or standard pre-operative fasting procedure with free consume of tap water (n=35).

Measurements

Primary outcome was post-operative tumor proliferation measured as mitotic activity index (MAI). Secondary outcomes were changes in serum insulin, insulin-c-peptide, glucose, IGF-1 and IGFBP3. Other secondary outcomes were patients´ well-being and clinical outcome (median follow-up 88, range 33-97 months).

Results

In the estrogen receptor (ER) positive subgroup (n=50), high proliferation (MAI≥ 10) occurred more often in the carbohydrate group (CH) than in the fasting group (p=0.038). Progesterone receptor (PR) was more frequently negative in the CH-group (p=0.014). CH-patients had a significant between group rise in insulin (+ 24.31 mIE/L, 95% CI, 15.34 mIE/L to 33.27 mIE/L), insulin c-peptide (+ 1.39 nM, 95% CI, 1.03 nM to 1.77 nM), but reduced IGFBP3 levels (– 0.26 nM; 95% CI, ­– 0.46 nM to – 0.051 nM). CH-Intervention ER-positive patients had poorer relapse free survival (73%) than the fasting group (100%) (p=0.012; HR= 9.3 (95%CI, 1.1 to 77.7)). In the ER-positive patients, only tumor size (p=0.021; HR=6.07, 95%CI=1.31 to 28.03) and CH-or-fasting grouping (p=0.040; HR=9.30, 95% CI=1.11 to 77.82) had independent prognostic value. The adverse clinical outcome of carbohydrate loading occurred only in T2 patients with Relapse Free Survival of 100% in the fasting group vs. 33% in the CH-group (p=0.015; HR= inf). The CH-group reported less pain on day 5 and 6 compared to the control group (p<0.001) but showed otherwise no factors related to well-being.

Limitation

Only applicable to ER-positive breast cancer patients with T2-tumors.

Conclusions

Preoperative carbohydrate load increases proliferation and PR-negativity in ER-positive patients and worsens clinical outcome in ER-positive T2-patients.

Keywords: breast cancer, carbohydrate load, proliferation, insulin, insulin c-peptide, IGF-1, IGFBP3, tumor size, relapse free survival, breast cancer specific survival
An Outbreak of Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis Caused by Human Adenovirus Type 8 in Primary School, Southwest China
Authors: Li Duo , Zhou Jie-Nan , Li Hong , He Cun-Ying , Dai Qing-Shan , Li Xiang-Lan , He Jian-Fang , He Hong , Li Ming-Bao , Jiang LI-Li , Chen Yao-Yao , Xu Wen
Published: July 2019

Background: Two outbreaks of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis (EKC) occurred successively with an interval of five days in two primary boarding schools in Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Diqing, and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan. The aims of this study were to determine the intensity and characteristics of the outbreaks, as well as the clinical manifestations in the patients, the risk factors for infection and the pathogen responsible for the two outbreaks.
Methods: An outbreak investigation was conducted in two primary schools, and a case-control study including patients from the Weixi County Ethnic Primary School was performed. Relevant specimens were collected according to the case definition, and next-generation sequencing was employed to identify the pathogen. An epidemiological investigation method was used to analyse the related epidemiological characteristics, such as risk factors. The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7.0.
Results: A total of 331 acute conjunctivitis cases, including probable cases of EKC, were reported in the two schools, and the attack rates were 30.59% (171/559, 95%CI: 26.76-34.42) and 20.41% (160/784, 95%CI: 17.58-23.24), respectively. Cases occurred in all grades and classes in both schools, and only one staff member in each school presented illness. The epidemics lasted for 54 days and 45 days, respectively. The patients had typical manifestations of EKC, such as acute onset, follicular hyperplasia, pseudomembrane formation, preauricular lymphadenopathy, corneal involvement and blurred vision, and a relatively long disease course (average 9.40 days, longest 23 days and shortest 7 days). The risk factor for infection was close contact with a patient or personal items contaminated by a patient. The pathogen responsible for the outbreaks was HAdV-8. The virus was highly similar to the 2016 HAdV-8 strain from Tibet, China.
Conclusions: This study strongly suggests that HAdV-8 could lead to serious consequences. This is the second report of a HAdV-8-associated EKC outbreak in mainland China. Tibetan HAdV-8 might be circulating in southwest China; therefore, it is necessary to monitor the pathogens causing acute conjunctivitis in this area.
Aspectos clínicos e tomográficos de exostose mandibular extensa e o seu manejo para melhora na qualidade de vida: relato de um caso incomum na literatura
Authors: Mourão Carlos Fernando de Almeida Barros , Mello-Machado Rafael Coutinho de , Resende Rodrigo Figueiredo de Brito , Ferreira Flavia Santos , Calasans-Maia Mônica Diuana
Published: July 2019

O tórus mandibular é considerado uma protuberância óssea (exostose) de etiologia desconhecida classificada como não-patológica, comumente vista em região lingual dos incisivos até pré-molares inferiores. Sua característica histopatológica é semelhante ao osso normal descrevendo-se osso cortical lamelar com a presença de canais de Havers, osteócitos normais e áreas dispersas de tecido conjuntivo. Normalmente se apresentam bilateralmente e indolores. Sem causar prejuízo na vida da pessoa que apresenta esta condição, devido estes aspectos, na maioria dos casos, não há intervenção cirúrgica, sendo o caso apenas acompanhado clinicamente. Neste caso apresentado, o objetivo é expor uma condição extrema desta exostose mandibular, tendo como finalidade a melhora na qualidade de vida do paciente.Descritores: Cirurgia Bucal; Exostose; Qualidade de Vida.ReferênciasKumar Singh A, Sulugodu Ramachandra S, Arora S, Dicksit DD, Kalyan CG, Singh P. Prevalence of oral tori and exostosis in Malaysian population - A cross-sectional study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2017;7(3):158-60.Hiremath VK, Husein A, Mishra N. Prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among Malay population. J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2011;1(2):60-4.Sathya K, Kanneppady SK, Arishiya T. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori among outpatients in Northern Malaysia. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res. 2012;2(1):15-19.Jainkittivong A, Apinhasmit W, Swasdison S. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of oral tori in 1,520 Chulalongkorn University Dental School patients. Surg Radiol Anat. 2007;29(2):125-31.Kim YS. Pathogenetic growth potential in the central area of oral exostosis. Korean J Oral Maxillofac Pathol. 2013;37(5):201-10.Morrison MD, Tamimi F. Oral tori are associated with local mechanical and systemic factors: A case-control study. J Oral. Maxillofac Surg. 2013;71(1):14-22.García-García AS, Martínez-González JM, Gómez-Font R, Soto-Rivadeneira A, Oviedo-Roldán L. Current status of the torus palatinus and torus mandibularis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15(2):e353-60.Ladizinski B, Lee KC. A nodular protuberance on the hard palate. JAMA. 2014;311(15):1558-59.Khan S, Shah SAH, Ali F, Rasheed D. Concurrence of torus palatinus, torus mandibularis and buccal exostosis. J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2016;26(11):111-13.Kün-Darbois JD, Guillaume B, Chappard D. Asymmetric bone remodeling in mandibular and maxillary tori. Clin Oral Investig. 2017;21(9):2781-88.Riley DS, Barber MS, Kienle GS, Aronson JK, von Schoen-Angerer T, Tugwell P et al. CARE guidelines for case reports: explanation and elaboration document. J Clin Epidemiol. 2017;89:218-35.Kucukkurt S, Özle M, Baris E. Peripheral osteoma in an unusual location on the mandible. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;2016. pii: bcr2016216554.
Genetic Analysis of Resistance to Multiple Isolates of Phytophthora capsici and Linkage to Horticultural Traits in Bell Pepper
Authors: Chunthawodtiporn Jareerat , Hill Theresa , Stoffel Kevin , Van Deynze Allen
Published: July 2019

Phytophthora capsici is one of the major pathogens found in pepper production, especially in bell pepper. Due to the high level of genetic diversity of the pathogen, bell pepper varieties with broad genetic resistance are essential for disease management. Criollo de Morelos – 334 (CM334), a landrace that has a high level of genetic resistance to P. capsici, has been used as the resistant source for P. capsici to generate a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population with the susceptible bell pepper cultivar Maor. From the resulting population, quantitative trait locus (QTL) models explaining resistance to each of four isolates of P. capsici were derived from QTL regions on three chromosomes using stepwiseqtl in R/qtl. A single region of chromosome 5 contained major QTL for resistance to each of the four isolates. Two isolate-specific QTL conferring resistance to isolates PWB53 and PWB106 were located on chromosomes 10 and 11, respectively. Both isolate-specific QTL had epistatic interactions with a major QTL on chromosome 5. Using the pepper reference genome and gene annotation, candidate genes for P. capsici resistance within 1.5-logarithm of odds (LOD) interval were identified. Based on functional annotations derived from Arabidopsis thaliana and solanaceous crop databases, multiple candidate genes related to resistance (R) gene complexes or to plant immune system were found under the QTL on all three chromosomes. A comparison of the locations of resistance QTL and previously identified horticultural QTL using the same population revealed tight linkage between resistance to P. capsici and a stem pubescence QTL o chromosome 10. Both candidate genes for P. capsici resistance and the linkages between resistance and horticultural traits could be applied for selection to broad resistance to P. capsici in bell pepper–breeding programs.
Long-term Response to Phosphorus Banding in Irrigated and Nonirrigated Pecan Production
Authors: Polozola Michael F. , Wells Daniel E. , Kessler J. Raymond , Foshee Wheeler G. , Wright Amy N. , Wilkins Bryan S.
Published: July 2019

An experiment was conducted to determine the effects of banded phosphorus (P) applications at differing rates in irrigated and nonirrigated pecan (Carya illinoinensis) plots on P movement within the soil, P uptake and movement within pecan trees, and the yield and quality of nuts. On 20 Mar. 2015, P applications of 0 kg·ha−1 (0×), 19.6 kg·ha−1 (1×), 39.2 kg·ha−1 (2×), and 78.5 kg·ha−1 (4×) were administered to bands of triple superphosphate to randomly selected trees in nonirrigated and irrigated plots of a ‘Desirable’ orchard bordered by ‘Elliot’ trees. When P was applied at the 2× and 4× rates, the total soil test P decreased linearly by 35% and 54%, respectively, in nonirrigated plots and by 41% and 59%, respectively, in irrigated plots over the course of the experiment. There was no change in soil test P over time at the 0× rate for either irrigation regimen; however, at the 1× rate, soil test P decreased 44% in the irrigated plot but did not change in the nonirrigated plot. The largest linear decrease of the soil test P from the start of the experiment to the end of the experiment occurred in the top 0 to 7.6 cm. In contrast, soil test P at a depth of 15.2 to 22.9 cm decreased linearly by 23% in the nonirrigated plot, but it did not decrease over time in the irrigated plot. Increasing the P application rate increased foliar P quadratically in the nonirrigated plot, but only the 4× application rate increased foliar P compared with the 0× control. In the irrigated plot, foliar P concentrations decreased linearly from 2015 to 2017, and foliar P concentrations were not influenced by the P application rate. No differences in pecan yield or quality were observed in either irrigated or nonirrigated plots. Overall, P banding may not be the most sustainable way to increase foliar concentrations of P quickly or to maintain concentrations of the nutrient in the long term.
Yield Response of Winter Squash to Irrigation Regime and Planting Density
Authors: Wetzel Jennifer , Stone Alexandra
Published: July 2019

Consumers are increasingly interested in buying local vegetables in the fall and winter. Winter squash is an important vegetable crop for local and regional fall and winter markets, and consumers are increasingly seeking high-culinary value Cucurbita maxima types such as kabocha and buttercup. Although consumer demand for kabocha and buttercup squash is increasing, Oregon farmers report they are marginally profitable. The goals of this project were 1) to identify productive kabocha and buttercup varieties for western Oregon when grown with or without overhead irrigation and 2) to describe the effects of planting density on yield, fruit weight, number of fruit per hectare, and fruit per plant. Seven varieties of C. maxima winter squash, including kabochas and buttercups, and one interspecific (C. maxima × C. moschata) hybrid ‘Tetsukabuto’ were grown in a split-split plot randomized complete block design experiment with irrigation as the main plot, planting density as the subplot, and variety as the sub-subplot. Four replications of four different planting densities for eight varieties were grown in 2016 and 2017. Irrigated planting densities ranged from 8611–32,292 plants/ha (0.86–3.2 plants/m2) and dryland planting densities ranged from 3827–14,352 plants/ha (0.38–1.4 plants/m2) in 2016 and 5741–21,528 plants/ha (0.57–2.2 plants/m2) in 2017. The seven C. maxima types had statistically comparable yield under both irrigated and dryland production, with an average yield of 33.9 t·ha−1 with irrigation and 19.4 t·ha−1 without irrigation. Dryland yields in 2016 and 2017 were 76% and 37% of irrigated yields, respectively. ‘Tetsukabuto’ had the greatest yield (mean, 51.4 t·ha−1), the greatest number of fruit per hectare (mean, 12,080), and the greatest number of fruit per plant (mean, 1.94) when grown with irrigation, and yielded comparably with other varieties when grown in dryland production. Planting density impacted the fruit weight, number of fruit per hectare, and number of fruit per plant, although it did not impact yield statistically in both irrigated and dryland production. Average fruit weight decreased linearly from 1.89 to 1.30 kg for the irrigated trials, from 2.04 to 1.56 kg in the 2016 dryland trial, and from 1.42 to 0.93 kg in the 2017 dryland trial as planting density increased from 0.86 to 3.2, 0.38 to 1.4, and 0.57 to 2.2 plants/m2, respectively. The number of fruit per hectare increased linearly from 6660 to 10,590 as the number of plants per hectare increased from 8611 to 32,292 plants/ha for the irrigated trials, because even at the lowest planting density, plants did not produce more than two fruit per plant on average across varieties when grown with irrigation. Farmers can manipulate squash fruit size to suit market preferences by changing planting density. The very low 2017 dryland yields were likely a result of unusually high summer temperatures in western Oregon. Increasingly hot summers may render dryland squash production unfeasible in this region.
Micropropagation of Tolumnia Orchids through Induction of Protocorm-like Bodies from Leaf Segments
Authors: Chookoh Nittaya , Chiu Yi-Tien , Chang Chen , Hu Wei-Hsin , Dai Ting-En
Published: July 2019

A protocol for plant regeneration via direct induction of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) from leaf segments of Tolumnia Snow Fairy was developed as a basis for mass production. Ten-month-old, in vitro–grown donor plantlets were obtained by inducing shoots from buds on the flower stalk. Leaf segments harvested from plantlets of different heights and from expanding leaves at different positions were compared, as were two BA concentrations with 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA. The greatest rate of PLB induction (16.7%) was observed when leaf segments taken from 1- to 2-cm height plants were cultured in Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium supplemented with 2 mg·L−1 BA and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA after 16 weeks of culture. When using leaf explants, only inner, expanding leaves cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 4 mg·L−1 BA and 0.5 mg·L−1 NAA resulted in PLB induction, at an average rate of 25.5 PLBs per explant. After 16 weeks of culture, histological and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations revealed that PLBs originated from epidermal cells of leaf explants. PLBs of 1 to ≤2 mm in diameter continued to proliferate after 4 weeks of culture. These secondary PLBs could be produced from either whole PLBs or the upper side of PLBs. Finally, PLBs were regenerated into plantlets. After ≈14 months of culture, fully developed plants exhibiting well-developed roots and shoots were acclimatized. These plants grew well, with 1-year survival rates of nearly 73%, for plants originating as explants taken from 1- to 2-cm tall plants, and of 79%, for plants originating as explants taken from inner leaves. Some mature plants flowered 1 year after transplantation. This study presents a simple system that can provide a large number of PLBs for mass propagation in a short time that can be converted into plants and also used for the new cultivars of Tolumnia orchids.
The Effect of Temperature on Plant Growth in Four Gerbera hybrida Cultivars
Authors: Li Fan , Li Shenchong , Shan Qinli
Published: July 2019

Temperature is one of the main factors that affects the growth pattern of Gerbera hybrida, which shows vast variation in morphology and stress adaptation among cultivars. However, little is known about temperature responses of plant growth among different cultivars. In this study, four cultivars were planted in different growth temperatures to investigate the effect of temperature on plant growth of Gerbera hybrida during their vegetative growth. Results showed that the optimum growth temperature of the four cultivars was 20 °C, of which plant height, root length, biomass accumulation, leaf area, and photosynthetic rate were enhanced significantly. Different cultivars showed diverse temperature adaptation ranges, which were related with their genetic background, and the temperature adaptability of cultivar Autumn was the best among the four cultivars. Temperature also had significant effects on photosynthetic rate, which was the main factor shaping plant growth. Our research provides the basic guidance for the growth temperature control in the cultivation of Gerbera hybrida.
Comparison of Growth, Yield, and Fruit Quality of Pot-planted Mango cv. Aikou Using Own-rooted Trees Propagated by Air Layering and Grafted Trees Propagated by Conventional Methods
Authors: Fumuro Masahiko
Published: July 2019

To determine the potential of using own-rooted trees to lower tree height and delay the decline in tree vigor caused by root clogging, the growth, yield, and fruit quality of pot-planted ‘Aikou’ mango (Mangifera indica L.) trees propagated by air layering and grafting were observed for 8 years after planting. The trunk diameter of the own-rooted trees propagated by air layering (hereafter abbreviated as own-rooted trees) was significantly smaller than that of the grafted trees propagated by conventional methods (hereafter abbreviated as grafted trees), but there were no significant differences in the scion diameters of the grafted trees. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in leaf number or total length of green branches between the own-rooted and grafted trees during the final 3 years. The height of the own-rooted trees was significantly shorter than that of the grafted trees. Although no difference in the fresh or dry weight of the aboveground part and whole tree was observed between the own-rooted and grafted trees, the fresh and dry weights of the underground part of the own-rooted trees were significantly lower than those of the grafted trees. Furthermore, the T-R ratio (the weight of the aboveground part of the tree excluding the leaves/the weight of the underground part of the tree) of the own-rooted trees was significantly higher than that of the grafted trees. Overall, no significant differences in yield or fruit quality were observed between the two tree types, and the average yield per 1 m2 over 6 years was 2.9–3.1 kg. These results indicate that it may be possible to lower tree height, delay the decline in tree vigor caused by root clogging, and prolong the life span of pot-planted trees by using own-rooted trees.