bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of LBD Genes in Cymbidium ensifolium with Roles in Floral Development and Fragrance
Authors: Peng Yukun , Zhan Suying , Tang Feihong , Zhao Yuqing , Wu Haiyan , Li Xiangwen , Huang Ruiliu , Su Qiuli , Zou Long-Hai , Zhao Kai , Liu Zhong-Jian , Zhou Yuzhen
Published: January 2025

LBD transcription factors are critical regulators of plant growth and development. Recent studies highlighted their significant role in the transcriptional regulation of plant growth and metabolism. Thus, identifying the CeLBD gene in Cymbidium ensifolium, a species abundant in floral scent metabolites, could provide deeper insights into its functional significance. A total of 34 LBD genes were identified in C. ensifolium. These CeLBDs fell into two major groups: Class I and Class II. The Class I group contained 30 genes, while the Class II group included only 4 genes. Among the 30 Class I genes, several genes in the Ie branch exhibited structural variations or partial deletions (CeLBD20 and CeLBD21) in the coiled-coil motif (LX6LX3LX6L). These changes may contribute to the difficulty in root hair formation in C. ensifolium. The variations may prevent normal transcription, leading to low or absent expression, which may explain the fleshy and corona-like root system of C. ensifolium without prominent lateral roots. The expansion for CeLBDs was largely due to special WGD events in orchids during evolution, or by segmental duplication and tandem duplication. CeLBDs in different branches exhibit similar functions and expression characteristics. Promoter analysis enriched environmental response elements, such as AP2/ERF, potentially mediating the specific expression of CeLBDs under different stresses. CeLBDs were predicted to interact with multiple transcription factors or ribosomal proteins, forming complex regulatory networks. CeLBD20 was localized in the cytoplasm, it may act as a signaling factor to activate other transcription factors. CeLBD6 in Class II was significantly up-regulated under cold, drought, and ABA treatments, suggesting its role in environmental responses. Furthermore, metabolic correlation analysis revealed that its expression was associated with the release of major aromatic compounds, such as MeJA. These findings offer valuable insights for further functional studies of CeLBD genes in C. ensifolium.
Influence of Habitat Factors on the Yield, Morphological Characteristics, and Total Phenolic/Flavonoid Content of Wild Garlic (Allium ursinum L.) in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Gordanić Stefan V. , Kostić Aleksandar Ž. , Moravčević Đorđe , Vuković Sandra , Kilibarda Sofija , Dragumilo Ana , Prijić Željana , Lukić Milan , Marković Tatjana
Published: January 2025

Allium ursinum L. (Alliaceae) is a perennial geophyte known for its medicinal properties. This study examines the yield, morphological characteristics, and bioactive component composition of A. ursinum across forty-three different habitats in Serbia, focusing on the relationship between these factors and habitat conditions. Data on habitat locations and soil conditions were gathered from previous studies, while climate parameters were estimated using meteorological data from the Republic Hydrometeorological Institute of Serbia. Cluster analysis identified five habitat clusters, with the first and third clusters representing 88% of the sampled habitats. Fresh leaf yield H1:39.46–H15:564.83 g m⁻2 was correlated with morphological parameters grouped into two clusters. A positive correlation was found between habitat conditions, particularly soil type and altitude. Spectrophotometric quantification of phenolics (1.47–2.49 mg FAE g−1) and flavonoids (0.27–0.82 mg QE g−1) identified five clusters, with soil type being the key factor influencing bioactive component concentration. A. ursinum displayed significant adaptability, thriving in higher altitudes and fertile soils, which enhanced yield and morphological traits, though inversely related to bioactive components. These findings support sustainable cultivation and conservation practices for A. ursinum.
Evaluation and Adjustment of Historical Hydroclimate Data: Improving the Representation of Current Hydroclimatic Conditions in Key California Watersheds
Authors: Schwarz Andrew , Chen Z. Q. Richard , Perez Alejandro , He Minxue
Published: January 2025

The assumption of stationarity in historical hydroclimatic data, fundamental to traditional water resource planning models, is increasingly challenged by the impacts of climate change. This discrepancy can lead to inaccurate model outputs and misinformed management decisions. This study addresses this challenge by developing a novel monthly data adjustment approach, the Runoff Curve Year–Type–Monthly (RC-YTM) method. The application of this method is exemplified at five key California watersheds. The RC-YTM method accounts for the increasing variability and shifts in seasonal runoff timing observed in the historical data (1922–2021), aligning it with the contemporary climate conditions represented by the period from 1992 to 2021 at the study watersheds. This method adjusts both annual and monthly streamflow values using a combination of precipitation–runoff relationships, quantile mapping, and water year classification. The adjusted data, reflecting current climatic conditions more accurately than the raw historical data, serve as valuable inputs for operational water resource planning models like CalSim3, commonly used in California for water management. This approach, demonstrably effective in capturing the observed climate change impacts on streamflow at monthly timesteps, enhances the reliability of model simulations representing contemporary conditions, which can lead to better-informed decision-making in water management, infrastructure investment, drought and flood risk assessment, and adaptation strategies. While focused on specific California watersheds, this study’s findings and the adaptable RC-YTM method hold significant implications for water resource management in other regions facing similar hydroclimatic challenges in a changing climate.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Maternal Health: Quantitative Data Related to Risk and Protective Factors Among Pregnant and Postpartum Women in Puerto Rico
Authors: Lafarga Previdi Irene , Hernández Otero Nobel , Guzzi Vasques Ana , Ayala Ishwara , Alvelo Colón Génesis , Guilloty Natacha , Medina Jessica , Cancel-Garcia Marielane , Cordero José , Alshawabkeh Akram N. , Vélez Vega Carmen
Published: January 2025

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic affected access to healthcare and social support. This especially impacted vulnerable populations like pregnant and postpartum women. Purpose: The specific aims of the project are the following: (1) examine the impact of COVID-19 on pregnancy experiences and outcomes; (2) examine the mental health impact of COVID-19 in pregnant women and mothers of children 12 months or younger; (3) identify risk and protective factors among this population in Puerto Rico. Methods: Participants were recruited from the Puerto Rico Testsite for Exploring Contamination Threats (PROTECT) cohort, which is composed of pregnant women and mothers from the northern karst region of Puerto Rico. This research has a mixed methods approach with a quantitative survey (n = 184) and qualitative interviews (n = 10); data collection was performed remotely. Findings: Results from the survey (n = 184) show that 20% of the cohort gave birth alone, 39% were separated from their baby after birth, 21% experienced isolation before birth, and 20% were separated after birth. In the study, 54% of the women were very worried about giving COVID-19 to their baby and avoided going out, receiving visits, and even canceling baby showers. The most reported sources of stress were their health status, work situation, and childcare, while the most reported coping mechanisms were watching TV or playing video games, using social media, and talking with loved ones. Forty-two percent reported that they frequently stopped enjoying activities that used to make them happy, and only 21% considered seeking mental health support. Conclusion: COVID-19 restrictions changed initial plans for baby showers, births, and childcare, and impacted the participants’ mental health. Physical distance measures have resulted in isolation and stress. We expect these findings to lead to developing interventions for community health centers and parents/caretakers in Puerto Rico.
Effect of Dietary Lactobacillus plantarum Supplementation on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Health, Antioxidant Capacity, and mTOR Signaling Pathway of Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch)
Authors: Zhang Qin , Li Lan , Qin Rongxin , Meng Liuqing , Liu Dongsheng , Tong Tong , Xu Lixiao , Liu Yongqiang , Kong Weiguang
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the effect of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation on juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Four groups of the juveniles (initial weight 103.87 ± 2.65 g) were fed for 10 weeks with four diets containing 0 (control diet), 105 (T1), 107 (T2), and 109 (T3) cfu/g of L. plantarum. The main results are as follows: Compared with the control diet, the final weight, specific growth rate (SGR), and weight gain rate (WGR) of the juveniles fed the T1, T2, and T3 diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while the feed coefficient ratio (FCR) expressed an opposite trend. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) in the serum of the juveniles fed the T2 diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased, while the malondialdehyde (MDA) expressed an opposite trend. The expression of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (pi3k), AKT-interacting protein (akt), mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (mtor), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (g6pd), sod, cat, and gsh-px genes in the liver of the juveniles fed the T2 diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased. In conclusion, the T2 diet significantly improved the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, and upregulated key mTOR pathway genes in juvenile coho salmon.
Biotransformation of Thiochroman Derivatives Using Marine-Derived Fungi: Isolation, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Activity
Authors: Virués-Segovia Jorge R. , Pinedo-Rivilla Cristina , Muñoz-Mira Salvador , Ansino Matilde , González-Rodríguez Victoria E. , Ezzanad Abdellah , Galán-Sánchez Fátima , Durán-Patrón Rosa , Aleu Josefina
Published: January 2025

Thiochroman derivatives are highly versatile molecules widely used for the synthesis of novel heterocycles and bioactive compounds. In our study, we conducted the biotransformation of thiochroman-4-ol (1) and 6-chlorothiochroman-4-ol (1a) using the marine-derived fungal strains Emericellopsis maritima BC17 and Purpureocillium lilacinum BC17-2. Biotransformations yielded ten known thiochroman derivatives along with the compound 1-(5-chloro-2-(methylthio)phenyl)propane-1,3-diol (6a), which was described for the first time. Moreover, we successfully characterized the stereoisomers of sulfoxides 3 and 3a. Their structures and absolute configurations were established though comprehensive analyses of NMR, HR ESI-MS, and ECD spectra, as well as by using Mosher’s method. Antimicrobial activity of the isolated metabolites was evaluated against bacterial and fungal human pathogens, specifically Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC25922, and Candida albicans HPM-1922816.
Double Peptide-Functionalized Carboxymethyl Chitosan-Coated Liposomes Loaded with Dexamethasone as a Potential Strategy for Active Targeting Drug Delivery
Authors: Iftode Loredana , Cadinoiu Anca Niculina , Raţă Delia Mihaela , Atanase Leonard Ionuț , Vochiţa Gabriela , Rădulescu Luminița , Popa Marcel , Gherghel Daniela
Published: January 2025

Liposomes are intensively used as nanocarriers for biology, biochemistry, medicine, and in the cosmetics industry and their non-toxic and biocompatible nature makes these vesicles attractive systems for biomedical applications. Moreover, the conjugation of specific ligands to liposomes increases their cellular uptake and therapeutic efficiency. Considering these aspects, the aim of the present study was to obtain new formulations of cationic liposomes coated with dual-peptide functionalized carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) for the treatment of inner ear diseases. In order to achieve efficient active targeting and ensuring a high efficacy of the treatment, CMCS was functionalized with Tet1 peptide, to target specific ear cells, and TAT peptide, to ensure cellular penetration. Furthermore, dexamethasone phosphate was loaded as a model drug for the treatment of ear inflammation. The infrared spectroscopy confirmed the functionalization of CMCS with the two specific peptides. The mean diameter of the uncovered liposomes varied between 167 and 198 nm whereas the CMCS-coated liposomes ranged from 179 to 202 nm. TEM analysis showed the spherical shape and unilamellar structure of liposomes. The release efficiency of dexamethasone phosphate after 24 h from the uncoated liposomes was between 37 and 40% and it appeared that the coated liposomes modulated this release. The obtained results demonstrated that the liposomes are hemocompatible since, for a tested concentration of 100 µg/mL, the liposome suspension had a lysis of erythrocytes lower than 2.5% after 180 min of incubation. In addition, the peptide-functionalized CMCS-coated liposomes induced a non-significant effect on the viability of normal V79-4 cells after 48 h, at the highest doses. Values of 71.31% were recorded (CLCP-1), 77.28% (CLCP-2) and 74.36% (CLCP-3), correlated with cytotoxic effects of 28.69%, 22.72%, and 25.64%.
The High Levels of Soluble Receptors for Tumor Necrosis Factor and Heart Injury in Children with the Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome Associated with Coronavirus Infection: Is This Just a Coincidence? A Proof-of-Concept Study
Authors: Marczak Maciej , Krejner-Bienias Alicja , Jasińska Agnieszka , Kulus Marek , Miklis Paweł , Grzela Katarzyna , Grzela Tomasz
Published: January 2025

(1) Pediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS) is a relatively rare complication of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). So far, it is unclear why COVID-19 in children has usually mild or asymptomatic courses, whereas PIMS, which develops several weeks after COVID-19, is a serious life-threatening condition. (2) In this proof-of-concept study, using the ELISA method, we compared selected clinical and immunological parameters in small groups of children with PIMS and COVID-19. Children with various inflammatory diseases were included as a control. (3) Patients with PIMS revealed significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory molecules (C-reactive protein and IL-6) and markers of heart injury (troponin I and N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide) as compared to other groups. Moreover, these markers correlated with increased levels of soluble receptors for tumor necrosis factor (sTNF-R1 and sTNF-R2). (4) Our observation may be a step forward to better understand the phenomenon of mild COVID-19 in children and its severe complications in PIMS. It is hypothesized that the delayed inflammation results in excessive cardiomyocyte damage and the release of sTNF-R1 and -R2. Therefore, possibly the involvement of the TNF pathway in PIMS could be explored as a potential therapeutic target. However, further studies are required to validate this approach.
Explainable AI Using On-Board Diagnostics Data for Urban Buses Maintenance Management: A Study Case
Authors: Tormos Bernardo , Pla Benjamín , Sánchez-Márquez Ramón , Carballo Jose Luis
Published: January 2025

Industry 4.0, leveraging tools like AI and the massive generation of data, is driving a paradigm shift in maintenance management. Specifically, in the realm of Artificial Intelligence (AI), traditionally “black box” models are now being unveiled through explainable AI techniques, which provide insights into model decision-making processes. This study addresses the underutilization of these techniques alongside On-Board Diagnostics data by maintenance management teams in urban bus fleets for addressing key issues affecting vehicle reliability and maintenance needs. In the context of urban bus fleets, diesel particulate filter regeneration processes frequently operate under suboptimal conditions, accelerating engine oil degradation and increasing maintenance costs. Due to limited documentation on the control system of the filter, the maintenance team faces obstacles in proposing solutions based on a comprehensive understanding of the system’s behavior and control logic. The objective of this study is to analyze and predict the various states during the diesel particulate filter regeneration process using Machine Learning and explainable artificial intelligence techniques. The insights obtained aim to provide the maintenance team with a deeper understanding of the filter’s control logic, enabling them to develop proposals grounded in a comprehensive understanding of the system. This study employs a combination of traditional Machine Learning models, including XGBoost, LightGBM, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine. The target variable, representing three possible regeneration states, was transformed using a one-vs-rest approach, resulting in three binary classification tasks where each target state was individually classified against all other states. Additionally, explainable AI techniques such as Shapley Additive Explanations, Partial Dependence Plots, and Individual Conditional Expectation were applied to interpret and visualize the conditions influencing each regeneration state. The results successfully associate two states with specific operating conditions and establish operational thresholds for key variables, offering practical guidelines for optimizing the regeneration process.
Augmenting LLMs to Securely Retrieve Information for Construction and Facility Management
Authors: Krütli David , Hanne Thomas
Published: January 2025

In the past few years, generative AI has seen remarkable progress. The emergence of the transformer architecture has facilitated the creation of highly advanced language models that generate text, summarize content, and translate languages with impressive accuracy. Our study introduces a retrieval-augmented generation system tailored to the dynamic needs of facility management. The proposed system aims to provide instant, accurate access to essential information by integrating advanced techniques from natural language processing and information retrieval paradigms. The implementation leverages the Mixtral 8x7B model for multilingual text processing and the Milvus vector database for efficient document storage and retrieval. The dataset used includes documents such as images, operation manuals, inspection results, blueprints, and technical drawings, in various file formats. This diverse dataset reflects the variety of information encountered in construction and facility management. The evaluation involved generating question–answer pairs pertinent to facility management tasks and assessing the system’s performance using metrics such as ROUGE, BLEU, and semantic similarity. The findings suggest that retrieval-augmented generation systems can significantly enhance operational efficiency by reducing the time and effort required to access information while maintaining high security and data privacy standards.
Determinants of ChatGPT Adoption Intention in Higher Education: Expanding on TAM with the Mediating Roles of Trust and Risk
Authors: Balaskas Stefanos , Tsiantos Vassilios , Chatzifotiou Sevaste , Rigou Maria
Published: January 2025

Generative AI, particularly tools like ChatGPT, is reshaping higher education by enhancing academic engagement, streamlining processes, and fostering innovation. This study investigates the determinants of ChatGPT adoption intentions (CGPTAIs) by extending the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to include the mediating roles of perceived trust (PT) and perceived risk (PR). Using a quantitative cross-sectional design, the data from 435 participants were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) to explore the relationships among the perceived ease of use (PE), perceived intelligence (PI), perceived usefulness (PUSE), PT, and PR. Τhe findings reveal that the perceived ease of use (PE) and perceived intelligence (PI) significantly drive adoption intentions, while perceived usefulness (PUSE) plays a limited role. PR fully mediates the relationship between PUSE and CGPTAI and partially mediates PE and PI, while PT fully mediates PUSE and partially mediates PE, but not PI. Multi-group analysis highlights demographic differences, such as age and prior AI experience, in adoption pathways. These results challenge traditional TAM assumptions, advancing the model to account for the interplay of usability, intelligence, trust, and risk. Practical insights are provided for fostering ethical and responsible ChatGPT integration, safeguarding academic integrity, and promoting equitable access in higher education.
Electrochemical Conversion of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-Furandicarboxaldehyde Using Mn(III)–Schiff Base Catalysts
Authors: Barreiro-Sisto Uxía , Fernández-Fariña Sandra , Fernández-García María Isabel , González-Noya Ana M. , Velo-Heleno Isabel , Maneiro Marcelino
Published: January 2025

2,5-furandicarboxaldehyde (DFF) is one of the most promising biomass-based building blocks for the synthesis of biobased polymers. DFF can be obtained from 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), a fructose derivate, and it is a key molecule in the sequence of reactions of furan chemistry to develop biobased plastics. In this frame, four manganese(III)–Schiff base complexes 1–4 have been obtained. The general formula for the complexes, MnLn(OCN)(H2O/CH3OH)m (Ln being the Schiff base ligands L1–L4, formed as the result of the condensation of different substituted hydroxybenzaldehydes with diverse diamines, and m = 1–3), has been confirmed by characterization through different analytical and spectroscopic techniques. X-ray crystallographic studies for 1 and 2 showed tetragonally distorted octahedral structures, where the Schiff base was placed in the equatorial coordination positions of the Mn(III) ion. Complexes 1 and 2 behaved as efficient catalysts in the oxidation of HMF to DFF in an electrolytic reaction at pH 8.5, with phosphate buffer at room temperature, with conversion rates of 70–80%. On the other hand, complexes 3 and 4, where the axial position was sterically less accessible, yielded only an 11% conversion of HMF to DFF. The results indicate that a correct selection of metal complexes allows the development of a new efficient way to obtain DFF.
A Review of the Psyllid Genus Epipsylla (Hemiptera, Psyllidae) from the Chinese Mainland with Phylogenetic Considerations and the Description of a New Species
Authors: He Zhixin , Burckhardt Daniel , Luo Xinyu , Xu Rongzhen , Cai Wanzhi , Song Fan
Published: January 2025

Epipsylla Kuwayama, 1908, constitutes an Old World genus of psyllids with 15 described species. Based on characters of immatures, Epipsylla was recently assigned to Ciriacreminae (Psyllidae). The genus is morphologically well circumscribed but species are currently difficult to identify as many descriptions lack detail and precision. Eight species are reported from the Chinese mainland. Here, we provide diagnoses for the adults of these species and, as far as known, the fifth-instar immatures. Figures are provided of taxonomically relevant adult characters. A new species, Epipsylla suni sp. nov., is described from Yunnan (China). We provide illustrations of its habitus and morphological features, and list the host plant. Furthermore, we sequenced the mitochondrial genome of the new species and constructed a phylogenetic tree using thirteen protein-coding genes and two rRNA genes. The results of the molecular phylogenetic analysis using the maximum likelihood method support the assignment to Ciriacreminae.
Feeding Approach to Optimizing Nutrition in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Chan Belinda , Woodbury Anne , Hazelwood Libbi , Singh Yogen
Published: January 2025

Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 1% of live births globally. Infants with CHD often experience growth faltering and malnutrition due to increased metabolic demands, malabsorption, and feeding intolerance, further worsened by surgical interventions and frequent hospitalizations. Malnutrition in this population is linked to higher morbidity, extended hospital stays, and poor neurodevelopmental outcomes. The physiological diversity among CHD types presents significant challenges in developing a universal feeding strategy to optimize nutrition. This narrative review explores the interplay between CHD physiology and nutritional management. CHD types could be categorized into three hemodynamic groups—systemic hypoperfusion, global hypoxia, and pulmonary overcirculation—which help to consider a feeding approach based on such physiology. Nutritional management in these infants could be further tailored based on the disease severity, co-morbidities, and evolving hemodynamic changes. Based on clinical opinions, this review proposes a hemodynamic-focused risk-stratified feeding approach, considering ways that may enhance growth while possibly minimizing complications such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), pulmonary overload, and worsening heart failure. This approach may help individualize nutritional management to address the complex needs of infants with CHD. Further quality improvement studies are needed to assess this approach. Beyond meeting macronutrient needs, micronutrients, including zinc, thiamine, magnesium, vitamin A, and calcium, potentially play a role in cardiovascular health. Given the complexity of nutritional management in these infants, a multidisciplinary team may be needed to optimize care, including cardiologists, neonatologists, pediatricians, dietitians, speech therapists, and pharmacists. With the current knowledge gap and lack of strong evidence, research should focus on nutritional interventions and study their potential impact on infant outcomes with CHDs.
Physical and Psychological Burden of Bed Rest on Patients Following Free Flap Reconstruction of the Lower Limb: A Systematic Review and Possible Solutions
Authors: Dietrich Léna G. , Zubler Cédric
Published: January 2025

Background: Postoperative bed rest is considered essential after free flap reconstruction of the lower limb to ensure microsurgical success, but prolonged inactivity can lead to physical deconditioning and psychosocial challenges, even in otherwise healthy patients. While early mobilization protocols improve physical recovery, their impact on psychological wellbeing remains underexplored. This review evaluates the current literature on postoperative protocols in microvascular lower extremity reconstruction, focusing on both physical and mental health outcomes, and explores potential strategies for optimizing recovery. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines to search PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase databases. Studies were included if they explicitly described postoperative immobilization or mobilization protocols and their impact on recovery outcomes, including complications and psychological effects. Results: Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting the potential of early mobilization protocols in reducing complications such as pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, and prolonged hospital stays. Structured mobilization strategies, such as early dangling and perfusion-controlled mobilization, demonstrated improved microcirculatory adaptation and enhanced recovery outcomes. However, limited to no research addressed psychological resilience and the impact of immobility on patient mental health. Conclusions: Early mobilization protocols significantly improve physical outcomes after free flap surgery, but the psychological and mental effects of postoperative bed rest remain insufficiently studied. Adapting strategies from space medicine, including structured routines, cognitive training, and social engagement, offers promising avenues for enhancing recovery. Future research should focus on integrating physical and psychological interventions into comprehensive, evidence-based recovery protocols to optimize patient outcomes.
Counting of Underwater Static Objects Through an Efficient Temporal Technique
Authors: Naseer Atif , Nava Enrique
Published: January 2025

Counting marine species is a challenging task for biologists and marine experts. This paper presents an efficient temporal technique for counting underwater static objects. The proposed method employs deep learning techniques to detect objects over time and an efficient spatial–temporal algorithm to track them, allowing for accurate counting of objects within a given area. The technique is designed to handle various challenges that arise in underwater environments such as low visibility, object occlusion, and water turbulence. The approach is validated through experiments conducted on the surveyed data of Nephrops norvegicus. Nephrops is considered one of the main commercial species in Europe. Nephrops spend most of their time inside the burrows. Burrows tracking and counting are the only ways to monitor this species. This paper proposed a technique to accurately count underwater static objects using their spatial–temporal values by minimizing false positives. The proposed technique has potential applications in marine biology, environmental monitoring, and underwater surveillance.
A Deterministic Model for Harmful Algal Bloom (HAB) Patterns Under Turing’s Instability Perspective
Authors: Nguyen-Quang Tri , Labat Louis , An Sabir Qurat Ul
Published: January 2025

Turing’s instability has been widely introduced to explain the formation of several biological and ecological patterns, such as the skin patterning of fish or animals, wings of butterflies, pigmentation, and labyrinth patterns of the cerebral cortex of mammals. Such a mechanism may occur in the ecosystem due to the differential diffusion dispersal that happen if one of the constituent species results in the activator or the prey, showing a tendency to undergo autocatalytic growth. The diffusion of the constituent species activator is a random mobility function called passive diffusion. If the other species in the system (the predator/inhibitor) disperses sufficiently faster than the activator, then the spatially uniform distribution of species becomes unstable, and the system will settle into a stationary state. This paper introduced Turing’s mechanism in our reaction–taxis–diffusion model to simulate the harmful algal bloom (HAB) pattern. A numerical approach, the Runge–Kutta method, was used to deal with this system of reaction–taxis–diffusion equations, and the findings were qualitatively compared to the aerial patterns obtained by a drone flying over Torment Lake in Nova Scotia (Canada) during the bloom season of September 2023.
Analysis of the Dynamic Changes and Driving Mechanism of Land Green Utilization Efficiency in the Context of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Synergistic Development
Authors: Cui Huizhen , Cheng Linlin , Zheng Yang , Wang Junqi , Zhu Mengyao , Zhang Pengxiang
Published: January 2025

Studying the development of land green utilization efficiency and the factors that influence it in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region can improve the distribution of land resources among regions and reinforce interregional integrated planning. By constructing a super-efficiency SBM model, calculating the Malmquist–Luenberger index, and constructing a Tobit model, this study explores the spatial features and temporal variations of land green use efficiency in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region from 2010 to 2022. It also examines the mechanism that drives land green use efficiency in the context of the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei synergistic development. According to this research, Beijing has consistently had the highest land green usage efficiency and a strong green development strength, whereas Baoding, Xingtai, Handan, and other cities in Hebei Province have lower land green utilization efficiency. According to the geographical dimension, the research area’s land green use efficiency exhibits a pattern of “high in the middle and low in the surroundings”, with Cangzhou, Langfang, and Tangshan standing out in terms of both industrial transformation and ecological building. Based on the results of the driving mechanism of land green use efficiency, it is evident that while the degree of urbanization and population concentration has a negative effect on land green use efficiency, the degree of economic development, industrial synergy, opening up to the outside world, environmental regulation, and ecological output all have positive and promoting associations with it. In summary, increasing the optimization of the economic and industrial structure, bolstering technological innovation and policy coordination, and attaining a harmonious coexistence of the economy and ecology are all essential steps in the process to increase the land green use efficiency in the research area when attempting to achieve the goal of sustainable development in the region.
Utility Assessment of Isolated Starch and Extract from Thai Yam (Dioscorea hispida Dennst.) for Cosmetic via In Vitro and In Vivo Studies
Authors: Sangkanu Suthinee , Khanansuk Jiraporn , Phoopha Sathianpong , Udomuksorn Wandee , Phupan Thitiporn , Puntarat Jirapa , Tungsukruthai Sucharat , Dej-adisai Sukanya
Published: January 2025

In Thailand, wild yam, or Dioscorea hispida Dennst., is a starchy crop that is usually underutilized in industry. The purpose of this study was to isolate the starch and extract the phytochemical from D. hispida and use them in cosmetics. Starch was used instead of talcum, which can cause pulmonary talcosis in dusting powder formulas (DP 1-5). GC-MS was used to identify the bioactive components present in the ethanolic extract of D. hispida. The main compounds were identified as 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z)- (6.51%), stigmasta-5,22-dien-3-ol, (3.beta.,22E)- (6.41%), linoleic acid ethyl ester (5.72%), (Z,Z)-9,12-octadeca-dienoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxy-propyl (3.89%), and campesterol (3.40%). Then, the extract was used as an ingredient in facial sleeping mask gel formulas (SM 1–SM 5). Stability tests, physical characteristics, enzyme inhibitions, and sensitization dermal toxicity tests were used to evaluate the DP and SM formulations. The results showed that the fresh tubers of D. hispida showed a 12.5% w/w starch content. The findings demonstrated that starch powder had a restricted size distribution, ranging from 2 to 4 μm, and a smooth surface that was polygonal. Following stability testing, the color, odor, size, and flowability of all DP formulations did not significantly differ. The SEM investigation revealed that DP particles were homogenous. For the sensitization dermal toxicity test, DP denoted no erythema or skin irritation in the guinea pigs. After stability testing, the colors of the SM formulas were deeper, and their viscosity slightly increased. The pH did not significantly change. After the stability test, SM formulas that contained Glycyrrhiza glabra and D. hispida extracts exhibited stable tyrosinase and elastase inhibitory activities, respectively. In the sensitization dermal toxicity test, guinea pigs showed skin irritation at level 2 (not severe) from SM, indicating that redness developed. All of these findings indicate that D. hispida is a plant that has potential for use in the cosmetics industry. Furthermore, D. hispida starch can be made into a beauty dusting powder, and more research should be conducted to develop an effective remedy for patients or those with skin problems.
Abrasion Behaviour of Natural and Composite Polytetrafluoroethylene Seal Materials Against Stainless Steel in Lunar Regolith Conditions
Authors: Barkó György , Kalácska Gábor , Bálint Tamás , Sarankó Ádám , Kalácska Ádám , Ryszawa Ewelina , Székely László , Károly Zoltán
Published: January 2025

In this paper, the abrasive effects of lunar simulant regoliths (LHS-1, LMS-1) have been investigated. Sealing performance of different sealant pin materials on stainless steel has been tested by the pin-on-disc method. Pin materials included block types such as pure polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), composite PTFE, as well as braided PTFE and hybrid-composite braided PTFE. Tribological properties were evaluated based on measured friction, wear, surface roughness and scanning electron micrographs. Most significant differences were observed in the sealing effect of the pins between the braided and the block-type pin materials. The stainless steel/pin pairs showed significantly higher (0.4–0.5) friction coefficients for the braided pins than the block ones (0.2–0.3), while there was not a significant difference in the abrasive effect of the different lunar regoliths. Although significant wear of the steel part occurred only with the block-type pins, this disadvantage was apparent in comparison with the braided pins. The abrasive particles caused deformation and eventually complete disintegration of the braided pins. Both the coefficient of friction and the wear could be estimated by a multiple linear regression model, in which different regolith size was the dominant independent parameter for the various pins.
9,10-Dimethoxy-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-a]isoquinoline-1-carboxylic Acid
Authors: Petrov Valentin , Aleksandrova Teodora , Pashev Aleksandar
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of the compound 9,10-dimethoxy-4-oxo-1-phenyl-1,3,4,6,7,11b-hexahydro-[1,4]thiazino[3,4-a]isoquinoline-1-carboxylic acid (4) was described for the first time using a reaction between 6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinoline and phenyl-substituted thiodiacetic anhydride 3. The reaction proceeded in excellent yield and furnished the compound 4 as a single diastereomer. The structure and relative configuration of 4 was elucidated using a combination of spectroscopic techniques–1H, 13C, COSY, HSQC, HMBC, and NOESY NMR spectra, as well as elemental analysis.
Thorium(IV) and Uranium(IV) Complexes with 2,6-Dipicolinoylbis(N,N-diethylthiourea) Ligands
Authors: Noufele Christelle Njiki , März Juliane , Abram Ulrich
Published: January 2025

The reaction of thorium nitrate hydrate with 2,6-dipicolinoylbis(N,N-diethylthiourea), H2Lpic, results in the hydrolysis of the organic ligand and the formation of [Th(2,6-dipicolinolate)2(H2O)4] (1). Hydrolysis can be avoided by the use of [ThCl4(DME)2] (DME = 1,2-dimethoxyethane) as the starting material and the exclusion of water. The product, [Th(Lpic)3]2− (2), crystallizes as diammonium salt in form of yellow crystals in moderate yields. The thorium ion in the complex is nine-coordinate by the central O,N,O donor atoms of three deprotonated {Lpic}2− ligands. The sulfur atoms of the ligands do not bind to the actinide ion, but establish hydrogen bonds to the ammonium counter ions. A similar coordination sphere is also observed in the uranium(IV) complex [UAu2(Lpic)3}] (3), which was obtained from a reaction between H2Lpic, [U2I6(1,4-dioxane)3] and [AuCl(tht)] (tht = tetrahydrothiophene) in the presence of triethylamine. Charge compensation is established by the linear coordination of two Au+ ions between each two sulfur atoms of the ligands. The products have been studied by X-ray diffraction and IR spectroscopy. The actinide ions in both {Lpic}2− complexes have coordination number nine, but establish slightly different coordination spheres.
Influence of the Structure and Mechanisms of Intermetallic Phase Formation on the Strength Properties of a Newly Developed Solder Joint
Authors: Szczucka-Lasota Bożena , Węgrzyn Tomasz , Łazarz Bogusław
Published: January 2025

The current development of soldering materials focuses on the properties of the solder itself, while the reliability of the joints formed after soldering is evaluated to a lesser extent. It is essential to understand the relationship between the structure and the strength of the solder joint obtained. This article shows that the properties of the material used for soldering only to a certain extent largely translate into the mechanical properties of the joint. The aim of this article is to emphasize the importance of the problem of the selection of the chemical composition of the solder with the simultaneous selection of the parameters of the soldering process, including the width of the solder gap for the selected strength properties of the connection. The purpose of this article is to emphasize that the selection of a chemical composition solder with a simultaneous selection of parameters of the soldering process, including the dimensions of the gaps of the soldered materials, are affected properties of the soldered joint. In this article, the main importance was focused on the chemical composition of a tin-based solder. The influence was analyzed, and the most favorable content of elements, such as Al and Cu, which create intermetallic phases, strengthening the soldered joint, was determined. The properties of the newly developed solder joint for alternator applications due to the specified conditions of the soldering process, including the width of the solder gap permissible for alternators, ensured the correct connections, the strength properties of which differed despite the use of the same soldering material and substrate material, as well as the soldering time and tip temperature. This article presents a change in the cracking model of a solder joint made using a newly developed material due to the width of the permissible solder gap in the production process of alternators.
Microhardness, Young’s and Shear Modulus in Tetrahedrally Bonded Novel II-Oxides and III-Nitrides
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Becla Piotr
Published: January 2025

Direct wide-bandgap III-Ns and II-Os have recently gained considerable attention due to their unique electrical and chemical properties. These novel semiconductors are being explored to design short-wavelength light-emitting diodes, sensors/biosensors, photodetectors for integration into flexible transparent nanoelectronics/photonics to achieve high-power radio-frequency modules, and heat-resistant optical switches for communication networks. Knowledge of the elastic constants structural and mechanical properties has played crucial roles both in the basic understanding and assessing materials’ use in thermal management applications. In the absence of experimental structural, elastic constants, and mechanical traits, many theoretical simulations have yielded inconsistent results. This work aims to investigate the basic characteristics of tetrahedrally coordinated, partially ionic BeO, MgO, ZnO, and CdO, and partially covalent BN, AlN, GaN, and InN materials. By incorporating a bond-orbital and a valance force field model, we have reported comparative results of our systematic calculations for the bond length d, bond polarity αP, covalency αC, bulk modulus B, elastic stiffness C(=c11−c122), bond-stretching α and bond-bending β force constants, Kleinmann’s internal displacement ζ, and Born’s transverse effective charge eT*. Correlations between C/B, β/α, c12c11, ζ, and αC revealed valuable trends of structural, elastic, and bonding characteristics. The study noticed AlN and GaN (MgO and ZnO) showing nearly comparable features, while BN (BeO) is much harder compared to InN (CdO) material, with drastically softer bonding. Calculations of microhardness H, shear modulus G, and Young’s modulus Y have predicted BN (BeO) satisfying a criterion of super hardness. III-Ns (II-Os) could be vital in electronics, aerospace, defense, nuclear reactors, and automotive industries, providing integrity and performance at high temperature in high-power applications, ranging from heat sinks to electronic substrates to insulators in high-power devices.
Demagnetization Analysis and Optimization of Bonded Nd-Fe-B Magnet Rings in Brushless DC Motors
Authors: Wang Yinan , Zhan Hao , Gong Yanyan , Wang Mingxu , Yu Juntao , Zhang Ze , Yang Yuanfei , Wang Li
Published: January 2025

Bonded Nd-Fe-B magnets have greater freedom of shape than sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets. The ring structure is one of the typical structures of bonded Nd-Fe-B materials. In this paper, we analyzed the generation and spread of demagnetization fault (DMF) and changes in motor performance. Meanwhile, a BLDC fitted with a bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet ring was analyzed for DMF under actual overload conditions. DMF occurred with obvious localization and variability, which was mainly concentrated on the side of each pole opposite to the direction of the motor’s operation, near the weak magnetic zones. The experimental results show that back electromotive force (EMF) and its harmonic had the same variation trends as the surface radial flux density of the magnet ring. The analysis with the EMF waveform and total harmonic distortion (THD) were proposed as a method for diagnosing the DMF. Finally, this paper presents a modified magnet ring. The anti-demagnetization capability of the modified magnet ring is effectively improved. This research can provide a reference for the design analysis of BLDCs using bonded Nd-Fe-B magnet rings.
DenseNet-Enabled Intelligent Ship Energy Consumption Prediction Method with Navigation Information and Environmental Factors
Authors: Tang Gulashan , Luo Rui , Huang Bin , Li Xiang , Ma Hui
Published: January 2025

As a crucial procedure, ship energy consumption prediction is of great significance for the implementation of navigation planning, energy efficiency improvement, and emission reduction strategies. Currently, various studies have been conducted, primarily focusing on container ships, cargo ships, bulk carriers or tankers, with relatively fewer studies dedicated to research vessels. Regarding the limitations of low accuracy and poor effectiveness in ship energy consumption prediction, caused by the diverse voyages and specialized operational missions of research vessels, this paper proposes a DenseNet-enabled energy consumption prediction model considering the complex navigation information and diverse environmental factors. By leveraging the high parameter efficiency of DenseNet, effective feature extraction and strong generalization capabilities can be achieved, which provide more reliable and accurate predictions. Firstly, due to the fact that the real-time fuel consumption is influenced by a variety of internal and external factors, multi-source monitoring data are obtained and analyzed. After data analysis and feature extraction, the processed data and features are utilized to establish the prediction model. Through validations on the actual voyage data, it is demonstrated that the DenseNet-based prediction model outperforms the ResNet, DBCNN, and FCNN models in terms of both accuracy and predictive reliability. Therefore, the proposed method is capable of accurately predicting ship energy consumption under diverse shipping conditions and provides valuable guidance for the development of intelligent shipping.