bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regulatory Frameworks for the Access and Use of Genetic Resources in Latin America
Authors: Colmenarez Yelitza Coromoto , Smith David , Walsh Guillermo Cabrera , France Andrés , Corniani Natalia , Vásquez Carlos
Published: February 2023

The Nagoya Protocol is a legal framework focused on the Access and Benefit Sharing of genetic resources, including Biological Control Agents. In order to comply with the Nagoya Protocol, countries in Latin America are establishing legal frameworks for access to genetic resources. Scientists face the challenges of the bureaucratic and administrative burden to obtain the access permits to study the biodiversity present in Latin American countries, which include the evaluation of biological control agents that can be used in sustainable production programs. In order to avoid the demotivation of scientists and students to work on biological control by blocking the opportunities to get new bioproducts, it is important to increase the communication between the regulatory authorities and the scientific community, to ensure the establishment of an effective structure and mechanisms to facilitate the process and reduce the time needed to obtain the access permits. On the other hand, the establishment of regional platforms for the exchange of information and harmonization of procedures can contribute to reinforce the collaboration among Latin American countries and facilitate regional studies and biocontrol activities. In this article, the legal framework in place in different countries in Latin America will be discussed and some possible solutions and ways forward to the major challenges observed will be presented.
What should be considered during epicutaneous patch testing?
Authors: Brans Richard , Mahler Vera
Published: February 2023

Indications for epicutaneous patch testing include the detection or exclusion of allergic contact dermatitis of the skin, transitional mucosa or oral mucosa, suspected delayed-type immune reactions to ingredients of implants, and certain drug reactions (maculopapular exanthema, symmetrical drug-related intertriginous and flexural exanthema [SDRIFE], acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis [AGEP], and fixed drug eruption). When available, allergen preparations that have been pharmaceutically tested and that are approved or marketable as medicinal products should be used. Existing diagnostic gaps can be closed by testing the patient’s own materials in a suitable preparation. Interferences of ultraviolet (UV) light exposure or drugs with patch test reactions have to be considered. In addition to the reading after 48 h and 72 h, a further reading between day 7 (168 h) and day 10 (240 h) is useful, since about 15% of the positive test reactions remain undetected without this late reading. All positive patch test reactions considered allergic must be evaluated with regard to their clinical relevance based on existing exposures.
Spatial–temporal transformer for end-to-end sign language recognition
Authors: Cui Zhenchao , Zhang Wenbo , Li Zhaoxin , Wang Zhaoqi
Published: February 2023

Continuous sign language recognition (CSLR) is an essential task for communication between hearing-impaired and people without limitations, which aims at aligning low-density video sequences with high-density text sequences. The current methods for CSLR were mainly based on convolutional neural networks. However, these methods perform poorly in balancing spatial and temporal features during visual feature extraction, making them difficult to improve the accuracy of recognition. To address this issue, we designed an end-to-end CSLR network: Spatial–Temporal Transformer Network (STTN). The model encodes and decodes the sign language video as a predicted sequence that is aligned with a given text sequence. First, since the image sequences are too long for the model to handle directly, we chunk the sign language video frames, i.e., ”image to patch”, which reduces the computational complexity. Second, global features of the sign language video are modeled at the beginning of the model, and the spatial action features of the current video frame and the semantic features of consecutive frames in the temporal dimension are extracted separately, giving rise to fully extracting visual features. Finally, the model uses a simple cross-entropy loss to align video and text. We extensively evaluated the proposed network on two publicly available datasets, CSL and RWTH-PHOENIX-Weather multi-signer 2014 (PHOENIX-2014), which demonstrated the superior performance of our work in CSLR task compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Symbolism of Compass Roses on Early Modern Nautical Charts of the Adriatic Sea
Authors: Faričić Josip , Kljajić Ivka , Mirošević Lena , Mlinarić Dubravka
Published: February 2023

This qualitative analysis of symbolic elements in nautical cartography aims to provide an interdisciplinary insight into some aspects of early modern cartographic representations of the Adriatic Sea. The nautical charts were supplemented with compass roses, a graphic structure that facilitates orientation and correlates with rhumb lines. The research objective focusses primarily on the variety of signs for the cardinal directions north and east, additionally considering some rare but innovative and avant-garde pragmatic uses of compass roses to indicate magnetic declination. On the majority of the selected nautical charts, most of which were created in Mediterranean and Western European cultural centres, decorative elements such as the fleur-de-lis and the cross were used in compass roses to determine the cardinal points. The compass roses of these nautical charts often served as symbolic evidence of the social and economic belonging of the Adriatic to the European part of the Mediterranean geographical system, as well as to the Christian sphere of tradition and influence. The study has thus proved the existence of significant symbolic communication capacity of a compass rose, which was not only a utilitarian but also an artistic element.
With friends like these: the Sino-Russian partnership is based on interests, not ideology
Authors: Abb Pascal , Polianskii Mikhail
Published: February 2023

Russia’s attack on Ukraine has not only shaken the foundations of the European security order, but will also have long-term repercussions on the future of international relations. While Ukraine is enjoying universal backing from Western states, Russia has received at least rhetorical support from its “strategic partner” China. Influential voices have cited this constellation as proof of a new global confrontation between democratic and authoritarian camps. Amidst the current “sea change” in German foreign and defense policy, calls are mounting to make this assumed systemic confrontation its new baseline. In this brief article, we aim to sketch a more complex picture of the Sino-Russian partnership, as revealed by the war in Ukraine. Based on an analysis of Chinese and Russian official statements and expert commentaries published since shortly before the beginning of the war, we find that it is fundamentally shaped by three factors: a partial and short-term overlap of interests, an underdeveloped normative basis further challenged by Russia’s belligerent behavior, and a pronounced reactivity towards US security agency. Accordingly, closer Sino- Russian alignment is not based on ideological fraternity or a symptom of renewed systemic bipolarity in global politics. Viewing it as such is also a bad guideline for practical policy, as it ignores the differences in both countries’ attitudes towards the status quo of global order, and risks pushing them closer together in further challenges against it.
Selection of casting production parameters with the use of machine learning and data supplementation methods in order to obtain products with the assumed parameters
Authors: Wilk-Kołodziejczyk Dorota , Pirowski Zenon , Bitka Adam , Wróbel Kamil , Śnieżyński Bartłomiej , Doroszewski Maciej , Jaśkowiec Krzysztof , Małysza Marcin
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of the research, presented in this publication, was to develop methodology for the construction of predictive models which allow the selection of material production parameters for the material-technological conversion process. The development of prototype modules based on information-decision system allows an initial assessment of the level of feasibility of undertaking this type of operation. Algorithms 1, 2, 3 presented in the article were used to complete the missing data. The result of the algorithm enabled the creation of a data table that specifies the operation of the predictive models indicated in chapter 3 of this article. Entire work is presented with regard to the background of the ADI cast iron production process to locate the requirement where to apply the developed methods in the field of predictive algorithms and data completion algorithms. On the basis of developed methods and predictive algorithms, trial castings were operated.
Violence and Representation in the Arab Uprisings
Authors: Challand Benoît
Published: February 2023

Providing a longue durée perspective on the Arab uprisings of 2011, Benoît Challand narrates the transformation of citizenship in the Arab Middle East, from a condition of latent citizenship in the colonial and post-independence era to the revolutionary dynamics that stimulated democratic participation. Considering the parallel histories of citizenship in Yemen and Tunisia, Challand develops innovative theories of violence and representation that view cultural representations as calls for a decentralized political order and democratic accountability over the security forces. He argues that a new collective imaginary emerged in 2011 when the people represented itself as the only legitimate power able to decide when violence ought to be used to protect all citizens from corrupt power. Shedding light upon uprisings in Yemen and Tunisia, but also elsewhere in the Middle East, this book offers deeper insights into conceptions of violence, representation, and democracy.
Collaborative team dynamics and scholarly outcomes of multidisciplinary research teams: A mixed-methods approach
Authors: Slade Emily , Kern Philip A. , Kegebein Robert L. , Liu Chang , Thompson Joel C. , Kelly Thomas H. , King Victoria L. , DiPaola Robert S. , Surratt Hilary L.
Published: February 2023

Introduction:

Impactful, transdisciplinary scientific discoveries are created by teams of researchers spanning multiple disciplines, but collaboration across disciplines can be challenging. We examined how team dynamics and collaboration are related to successes and barriers faced by teams of researchers from multiple disciplines.

Methods:

A mixed-methods approach was used to examine 12 research teams granted multidisciplinary pilot awards. Team members were surveyed to assess their team dynamics and individual views about transdisciplinary research. Forty-seven researchers (59.5%) responded, including two to eight members from each funded team. Associations were examined between collaborative dynamics and scholarly product outcomes, including manuscripts, grant proposals, and awarded grants. One member from each team was selected for an in-depth interview to contextualize and extend information about collaborative processes, successes, and barriers to performing transdisciplinary research.

Results:

Quality of team interactions was positively associated with achievement of scholarly products (r = 0.64, p = 0.02). Satisfaction with team members (r = 0.38) and team collaboration scores (r = 0.43) also demonstrated positive associations with achievement of scholarly products, but these were not statistically significant. Qualitative results support these findings and add further insight into aspects of the collaborative process that were particularly important to foster success on multidisciplinary teams. Beyond scholarly metrics, additional successes from the multidisciplinary teams were identified through the qualitative portion of the study including career development and acceleration for early career researchers.

Conclusions:

Both the quantitative and qualitative study results indicate that effective collaboration is critical to multidisciplinary research team success. Development and/or promotion of team science-based trainings for researchers would promote these collaborative skills.
Wealth in Religious and Secular Contexts: A Critical Analysis of Pottery Consumption in early modern Portugal
Authors: Santos Joel , Castro Inês , Casimiro Tânia Manuel
Published: February 2023

Wealth differentials in archaeological sites are a frequently studied topic, but social differentiation approaches are rarely applied to different contexts within a wider territory, especially in Portugal. In this article, the authors discuss the differences in wealth and inequality through the consumption of tablewares from fifteen sites across Portugal dated from the sixteenth to the nineteenth centuries ad. The archaeological evidence derives from two types of contexts: secular (houses and dumps) and religious (female and male religious institutions). Using a statistical similarity method to compare different consumption patterns in each context, the authors discuss how this can help us understand wealth differences in distinct social environments.
High humidity enhances the evaporation of non-aqueous volatile sprays
Authors: Li Mogeng , Lohse Detlef , Huisman Sander G.
Published: February 2023

We experimentally investigate the evaporation of very volatile liquid droplets (Novec 7000 Engineered Fluid, chemical name hydrofluoroethers HFE-7000) in a turbulent spray. Droplets with diameters of the order of a few micrometres are produced by a spray nozzle and then injected into a purpose-built enclosed dodecahedral chamber filled with air containing various amounts of water vapour. The ambient temperature and relative humidity in the chamber are carefully controlled. We observe water condensation on the rapidly evaporating droplet, both for the spray and for a single acoustically levitated millimetric Novec 7000 droplet. We further examine the effect of humidity, and reveal that a more humid environment leads to faster evaporation of the volatile liquid, as well as more water condensation. This is explained by the much larger latent heat of water as compared with that of Novec 7000. We extend an analytical model based on Fick's law to quantitatively account for the data.
A TOPOMETRIC EFFROS THEOREM
Authors: BEN YAACOV ITAÏ , MELLERAY JULIEN
Published: February 2023

Given a continuous and isometric action of a Polish group G on an adequate Polish topometric space

$(X,\tau ,\rho )$

and

$x \in X$

, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for

$\overline {Gx}^{\rho }$

to be co-meagre; we also obtain a criterion that characterizes when such a point exists. This work completes a criterion established in earlier work of the authors.
Monotonicity in undirected networks
Authors: Boldi Paolo , Furia Flavio , Vigna Sebastiano
Published: February 2023

Is it always beneficial to create a new relationship (have a new follower/friend) in a social network? This question can be formally stated as a property of the centrality measure that defines the importance of the actors of the network.Score monotonicitymeans that adding an arc increases the centrality score of the target of the arc;rank monotonicitymeans that adding an arc improves the importance of the target of the arc relatively to the remaining nodes. It is known that most centralities are both score and rank monotone on directed, strongly connected graphs. In this paper, we study the problem of score and rank monotonicity for classical centrality measures in the case ofundirectednetworks: in this case, we require that score, or relative importance, improves at both endpoints of the new edge. We show that, surprisingly, the situation in the undirected case is very different, and in particular that closeness, harmonic centrality, betweenness, eigenvector centrality, Seeley’s index, Katz’s index, and PageRank are not rank monotone; betweenness and PageRank are not even score monotone. In other words, while it is always a good thing to get a new follower, it is not always beneficial to get a new friend.
Information structural effects in processing contrastive ellipsis: Eye-tracking evidence from a flexible word order language
Authors: KAPS MARJU
Published: February 2023

Previous experimental work on the processing of clausal ellipsis with contrastive remnants shows a Locality preference – DP remnants are preferentially paired with the most recently encountered DP correlate in the antecedent clause, even in the presence of contrastive prosody or semantic bias favouring a non-local correlate. The Locality effect has been argued to arise from the language processor consulting (default) information-structural representations when pairing remnants and correlates, yet direct evidence for the information structure hypothesis for Locality has been difficult to obtain. Estonian is a flexible word order language that optionally marks Contrastive Topics (CTs) syntactically, while allowing for the linear distance between a CT subject correlate and remnant to be held constant, in order to rule out a Recency explanation for the Locality effect. In an eye-tracking during reading experiment with case-disambiguated subject and object remnants in Estonian, we see asymmetries in the Locality preference (i.e. object advantage) following canonical Verb-second antecedent clauses and subject CT-marking Verb-third clauses. This provides novel evidence for fine-grained information-structural representations guiding the processing of contrastive ellipsis.
Addressing inequalities and improving maternal and infant outcomes: the potential power of nutritional interventions across the reproductive cycle
Authors: Nguyen Giang , Boath Anna , Heslehurst Nicola
Published: February 2023

Maternal nutrition is essential for optimal health and well-being of women and their infants. This review aims to provide a critical overview of the evidence-base relating to maternal weight, obesity-related health inequalities and dietary interventions encompassing the reproductive cycle: preconception, pregnancy, postnatal and interpregnancy. We provide an overview of UK data showing that overweight and obesity affects half of UK pregnancies, with increased prevalence among more deprived and minoritised ethnic populations, and with significant health and cost implications. The existing intervention evidence-base primarily focuses on the pregnancy period, where extensive evidence demonstrates the power of interventions to improve maternal diet behaviours, and minimise gestational weight gain and postnatal weight retention. There is a lack of consistency in the intervention evidence-base relating to interventions improving pregnancy health outcomes, although there is evidence of the potential power of the Mediterranean and low glycaemic index diets in improving short- and long-term health of women and their infants. Postnatal interventions focus on weight loss, with some evidence of cost-effectiveness. There is an evidence gap for preconception and interpregnancy interventions. We conclude by identifying that interventions do not address cumulative maternal obesity inequalities and overly focus on individual behaviour change. There is a lack of a joined-up approach for interventions throughout the entire reproductive cycle, with a current focus on specific stages (i.e. pregnancy) in isolation. Moving forward, the potential power of nutritional interventions using a more holistic approach across the different reproductive stages is needed to maximise the benefits on health for women and children.
Associations between exposure to early childhood adversities and middle childhood psychotic experiences in children at familial high risk of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and population-based controls: The Danish high risk and resilience study – VIA 7 and VIA 11
Authors: Brandt Julie Marie , Gregersen Maja , Søndergaard Anne , Krantz Mette Falkenberg , Knudsen Christina Bruun , Andreassen Anna Krogh , Veddum Lotte , Ohland Jessica , Hjorthøj Carsten , Wilms Martin , Rohd Sinnika Birkehøj , Greve Aja , Burton Birgitte Klee , Bliksted Vibeke , Mors Ole , Nordentoft Merete , Thorup Anne Amalie Elgaard , Hemager Nicoline
Published: February 2023

Background

Exposure to adversities in early childhood is associated with psychotic experiences and disorders in adulthood. We aimed to examine whether early childhood adversities are associated with middle childhood psychotic experiences in a cohort of children at familial high risk of schizophrenia (FHR-SZ), bipolar disorder (FHR-BP) and population-based controls (controls).

Methods

Four hundred and forty-six children from The Danish High Risk and Resilience Study – VIA7 and VIA11 participated in this study (FHR-SZ = 170; FHR-BP = 103; controls = 173). Exposure to early childhood adversities and psychotic experiences were assessed using face-to-face interviews. Having childhood adversities assessed at baseline (age 7) was used as predictor. Psychotic experiences assessed at follow-up (age 11) were used as outcome.

Results

Across the sample, exposure to early childhood interpersonal adversities was associated with an increased risk for any middle childhood psychotic experiences and subclinical delusions when adjusting for relevant confounders (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0–3.1, p = 0.05; OR 3.0, 95% CI 1.6–5.6, p < 0.001). There was no significant dose–response effect of exposure to multiple types of childhood adversities on any psychotic experiences. There were no interaction effects between early childhood adversities and FHR on middle childhood psychotic experiences. Exploratory analyses revealed that experiencing domestic violence in early childhood was associated with any middle childhood psychotic experiences (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.5–5.1, p = 0.001).

Conclusions

Exposure to interpersonal adversities during early childhood is associated with an increased risk for middle childhood psychotic experiences including specifically subclinical delusions. Future studies should examine associations between exposure to childhood adversities and conversion to psychosis within this cohort.
The second imprisonment of Paul: Fiction or reality?
Authors: Eurell John-Christian
Published: February 2023

This article examines the commonly held conception that Paul was released after his first Roman imprisonment, went to Spain and was eventually reimprisoned and executed in Rome. After examining the available evidence it is concluded that the theory of a release of a release and second imprisonment of Paul is ill founded.
‘A GROUP OF LATE HELLADIC IIIB1 POTTERY FROM MYCENAE’ REVISITED: THE STRATIGRAPHY OF THE TRENCHES ASSOCIATED WITH THE DEPOSIT AND THE POTTERY FROM LEVEL 3 OF THE PREHISTORIC CEMETERY CENTRAL III EXTENSION EAST
Authors: Mason David J.
Published: February 2023

In 1952 Sinclair Hood found a large deposit of pottery in front of the Great Poros Wall at Mycenae and published a brief account of its discovery the following year. In 1966 Elizabeth French published a paper discussing the pottery, assigning it an early Late Helladic IIIB1 date. From these accounts, we know that the deposit appeared in four trenches: Prehistoric Cemetery Central (PCC) III, where it sat on a surface of hard tramped earth; PCC IV, where it lay on bedrock; and PCC III Extension East and Area VII, where it rested on white clay plaster floors. But otherwise we learn little about the stratigraphy of these four trenches. Using Hood's unpublished excavation notebook, this paper examines the stratigraphy of the trenches associated with the deposit and uncovers the archaeological history of the area. In doing so, it reveals several omissions in the published accounts, most notably that there was another surface immediately below the white clay plaster floor in PCC III Extension East and a deposit of pottery associated with it. The pottery from this layer, designated Level 3, was mistakenly included by French in her paper. Fifty-four decorated sherds from Level 3 were kept, seven of which were illustrated by French. Most of the sherds come from small stirrup jars; kylikes, including the Zygouries type; Group A deep bowls; and stemmed bowls. The five most popular motifs on the sherds are the flower, whorl-shell, wavy line, parallel chevrons and panelled patterns. The shapes and motifs reflect those in the main pottery deposit and indicate a date of early Late Helladic IIIB1 for the group. The conclusion emphasises the importance of using excavation notebooks in research.
Dayaks in a Ledger: A Bornean Labor History and an Oil Town's Indigenous Workers
Authors: Menon Sridevi
Published: February 2023

This article delineates a hitherto eclipsed labor history of the Northwest Borneo oilfields. In 2018, Brunei Shell Petroleum (BSP) in an unprecedented move, released to Brunei's national archive two labor registers of the British Malayan Petroleum Company (BMPC-renamed BSP in 1958), with entries dating between the 1940s and 1950s. These registers provided a rare glimpse of the workers who were recruited to the Brunei oilfields as labor, a category distinct from staff. As BMPC labor they worked to rehabilitate the company town and the oilfields that were destroyed during the Second World War by the Japanese army and allied bombing in the British protectorate of Brunei. Like colonial records that amassed information for the control and rule of colonized subjects, each entry in BMPC's ledger meticulously noted the date of engagement, place of employment, wages, work history, as well as some biographical information about its workers. Inadvertently, these entries also revealed modes of worker resistance and assertions of agency, thus providing a glimpse of the hidden transcripts of a labor history shaped by the policies of BMPC in this colonial outpost. My article draws on these two BMPC labor registers to trace a micro-spatial history of “Dayak” labor in the emergent Borneo oilfields. Often obscured in historical records, the registers made visible the ways in which Indigenous workers negotiated and resisted the company's control of its labor force. I explore Dayak labor recruitment within the context of the 1880s-1941 when state borders irrevocably shifted and regional economies were increasingly drawn into a global market. In doing so, I chart migrant labor routes across varied regional economies in Northwest Borneo, BMPC's management of a multiethnic labor force, and company workers' agency.
Ability of epidemiological studies to monitor HPV post-vaccination dynamics: a simulation study
Authors: Bonneault Mélanie , Delarocque-Astagneau Elisabeth , Flauder Maxime , Bogaards Johannes A. , Guillemot Didier , Opatowski Lulla , Thiébaut Anne C. M.
Published: February 2023

Genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are caused by a broad diversity of genotypes. As available vaccines target a subgroup of these genotypes, monitoring transmission dynamics of nonvaccine genotypes is essential. After reviewing the epidemiological literature on study designs aiming to monitor those dynamics, we evaluated their abilities to detect HPV-prevalence changes following vaccine introduction. We developed an agent-based model to simulate HPV transmission in a heterosexual population under various scenarios of vaccine coverage and genotypic interaction, and reproduced two study designs: post-vs.-prevaccine and vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated comparisons. We calculated the total sample size required to detect statistically significant prevalence differences at the 5% significance level and 80% power. Although a decrease in vaccine-genotype prevalence was detectable as early as 1 year after vaccine introduction, simulations indicated that the indirect impact on nonvaccine-genotype prevalence (a decrease under synergistic interaction or an increase under competitive interaction) would only be measurable after >10 years whatever the vaccine coverage. Sample sizes required for nonvaccine genotypes were >5 times greater than for vaccine genotypes and tended to be smaller in the post-vs.-prevaccine than in the vaccinated-vs.-unvaccinated design. These results highlight that previously published epidemiological studies were not powerful enough to efficiently detect changes in nonvaccine-genotype prevalence.
A SARS-CoV-2 outbreak associated with five air force bases and a nightclub following the lifting of COVID-19-related social restrictions, United Kingdom, July-to-September 2021
Authors: Taylor Michael James , Kumbang Jharna , Bamford Kate , Mohammed Jazuli Ismail Hanouf , Huntley Phil , Liddle Natalie , Errington Jim , Mair-Jenkins John
Published: February 2023

We describe the management of two linked severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreaks, predominantly amongst 18–35-year-olds, in a UK county in July-to-September 2021, following the lifting of national coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-associated social restrictions. One was associated with a nightclub and one with five air force bases. On week beginning 2nd August 2021, air force contact tracing teams detected 68 cases across five bases within one county; 21 (30.9%) were associated with a night-time economy venue, 13 (19.1%) with night-time economy venues in the county's main town and at least one case per base (n = 6, 8.8%) with a particular nightclub in this town, which itself had been associated with 302 cases in the previous week (coinciding with its reopening following a national lockdown). In response, Public Health England/United Kingdom Health Security Agency, air force and local authority teams collaboratively implemented communication strategies and enhanced access to SARS-CoV-2 testing and vaccination. Key challenges included attempting to encourage behaviours that reduce likelihood of transmission to a population who may have considered themselves at low risk from severe COVID-19. This report may inform future preparation for, and management of, easing of potential future pandemic-related social restrictions, and how an outbreak in this context may be addressed.
Trajectories of resilience among young children involved with child protective services
Authors: Sattler Kierra , Yoon Susan , Lutolli Agona
Published: February 2023

Although child maltreatment is associated with short- and long-term maladaptive outcomes, some children are still able to display resilience. Currently, there is a limited understanding of how children’s resilience changes over time after experiencing maltreatment, especially for young children. Therefore, the current study used a longitudinal, multidimensional approach to examine trajectories of resilience among very young children involved in child protective services and determine whether placement setting and caregiving behaviors are associated with resilience trajectories. This study used data from National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being I and conducted repeated measures latent class analysis, focusing on children under 2 years old at baseline (n = 1,699). Results suggested that there were three trajectories of resilience: increasing resilience, decreasing resilience, and stable, low resilience. Caregiver cognitive stimulation was related to increasing trajectories of resilience compared to both decreasing and stable, low resilience. These findings illustrate the importance of caregiving behaviors for promoting resilience among a particularly vulnerable population.
Longitudinal relationships across emotional distress, perceived emotion regulation, and social connections during early adolescence: A developmental cascades investigation
Authors: Demkowicz Ola , Panayiotou Margarita , Qualter Pamela , Humphrey Neil
Published: February 2023

Early adolescence is a vulnerable period for emotional distress. Both emotion regulation and social connection to peers and family adults are understood to be associated with distress. However, existing longitudinal work has not explored these constructs jointly in a way that estimates their reciprocal relationships over adolescence. We present a three-wave random-intercepts cross-lagged panel model of reciprocal relationships between emotional distress, perceived emotion regulation, and social connections during early adolescence, among 15,864 participants from education settings in disadvantaged areas of England, over three annual waves (at ages 11/12, 12/13, and 13/14 years). Findings showed that emotional distress and perceived emotion regulation share a negative relationship over time, and that higher perceived emotion regulation predicts greater family connection in the initial stages of early adolescence (from age 11–12 to 12–13 years). Findings also indicated that connection to peers is positively associated with family connection, but also positively predicts slightly greater distress in the later stages of early adolescence (from age 12–13 to 13–14 years). Findings indicate a risk of negative spiral between emotional distress and perceived emotion regulation in early adolescence, and that social connection may not necessarily play the role we might expect in reducing distress.
The Impact of Incomplete Nutrient Consumption in the Southern Ocean on Global Mean Ocean Nitrate δ15N
Authors: Fripiat F. , Sigman D. M. , Martínez‐García A. , Marconi D. , Ai X. E. , Auderset A. , Fawcett S. E. , Moretti S. , Studer A. S. , Haug G. H.
Published: February 2023

It is understood that the global mean ocean nitrate δ15N is set by the δ15N of the input of fixed nitrogen (N) to the ocean (mostly N2 fixation) and the net isotopic discrimination of fixed N loss (mostly denitrification). Here, we demonstrate that, in addition to the fixed nitrogen input/output budget, the isotopic discrimination of nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean also plays a role in setting the δ15N of both deep ocean nitrate and global mean ocean nitrate. A prognostic model is used to simulate the global overturning circulation, focusing on the Southern Ocean overturning cell that ventilates the global pycnocline. N2 fixation and denitrification occur mainly in the model's surface and pycnocline boxes, as is appropriate given the observations. Experiments with this model indicate that, at a steady state, pycnocline nitrate δ15N is mostly controlled by the ocean's fixed N budget. Simultaneously, partial nitrate assimilation in the Southern Ocean sets the nitrate δ15N difference between the pycnocline and the deep ocean, lowering the δ15N of deep ocean nitrate and thus also of global mean ocean nitrate. The Southern Ocean's impact on deep and mean ocean nitrate δ15N depends on (a) the degree of nitrate consumption in the Southern Ocean surface waters and (b) the proportion of water that enters the pycnocline by subduction from the Southern Ocean surface. Including the effect of the Southern Ocean on mean ocean nitrate δ15N modestly reduces a previously calculated imbalance between fixed N inputs and outputs. Moreover, this effect has implications for paleoceanographic N isotope records.
Megathrust Stress Drop as Trigger of Aftershock Seismicity: Insights From the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake, Japan
Authors: Dielforder A. , Bocchini G. M. , Kemna K. , Hampel A. , Harrington R. M. , Oncken O.
Published: February 2023

Numerous normal‐faulting aftershocks in subduction forearcs commonly follow large megathrust earthquakes. Postseismic normal faulting has been explained by stress changes induced by the stress drop along the megathrust. However, details of forearc stress changes and aftershock triggering mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we use numerical force‐balance models combined with Coulomb failure analysis to show that the megathrust stress drop supports normal faulting, but that forearc‐wide aftershock triggering is feasible within a narrow range of megathrust stress drop values and preseismic stress states only. We determine this range for the 2011 Tohoku earthquake (Japan) and show that the associated stress changes explain the aftershock seismicity in unprecedented detail and are consistent with the stress released by forearc seismicity before and after the earthquake.
The Response of the Subtropical Front to Changes in the Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds—Evidence From Models and Observations
Authors: Behrens Erik , Bostock Helen
Published: February 2023

The location of the Subtropical Front (STF), the boundary between Subtropical and Subantarctic Water in the Southern Ocean is proposed to be influenced by the strength and location of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. We use a hydrodynamic hindcast model and recent observations to test if changes in the westerly winds can cause meridional shifts in the STF over interannual to decadal timescales by modulating local Ekman transport. We find that increased, or northward, shifted westerly winds lead to an enhanced northward Ekman transport over large parts of the Southern Ocean, resulting in a northward shift in the STF. Conversely for weaker or southward shifted westerly winds where the STF migrates south. However, this relationship breaks down in regions with strong eddy variability and western boundary current systems. In these regions an increase in westerly winds lead to a southward shift in the STF. Observation data from 2004 to 2019 display a southward shift of STF associated with the positive Southern Annular Mode. However, the shift is smaller than the latitudinal shifts in the location of the zero wind stress curl and maximum westerly winds (−0.4° latitude/decade). This discrepancy is due to positive Ekman trends resulting from the intensification of the westerly winds, which oppose the southward migration. Changes in the Ekman transport and the overall southward shift of the STF have also resulted in an observed positive trend in chlorophyll‐a concentrations south of the STF, which could have ramifications for marine ecosystems and the biological pump in the Southern Ocean.
Direct Comparison Between a Non‐Orographic Gravity Wave Drag Scheme and Constant Level Balloons
Authors: Lott F. , Rani R. , Podglajen A. , Codron F. , Guez L. , Hertzog A. , Plougonven R.
Published: February 2023

The parameterization scheme that represents gravity waves due to convection in LMDz‐6A, the atmospheric components of the IPSL coupled climate model (IPSLCM6), is directly compared to Strateole‐2 balloon observations made in the lower tropical stratosphere from November 2019 to February 2020. The input meteorological fields necessary to run the parameterization offline are extracted from the ERA5 reanalysis and correspond to the instantaneous meteorological conditions found underneath the balloons. In general, we find a fair agreement between measurements of the momentum fluxes due to waves with periods less than 1 hr and the parameterization. The correlation of the daily values between the observations and the results of the parameterization is around 0.4, which is statistically elevated considering that we analyze around 600 days of data and surprisingly good considering that the parameterization has not been tuned: the scheme is just the standard one that helps producing a quasi‐biennial oscillation (QBO) in the IPSLCM6 model. Online simulations also show that the measured values of momentum fluxes are well representative of the zonally and averaged values of momentum fluxes needed in LMDz‐6A to simulate a QBO. The observations also show that longer waves with periods smaller than a day carry about twice as much flux as waves with periods smaller than an hour, which is a challenge since the low period waves that make the difference are potentially in the “gray zone” of most climate models.
Optimizing the Isoprene Emission Model MEGAN With Satellite and Ground‐Based Observational Constraints
Authors: DiMaria Christian A. , Jones Dylan B. A. , Worden Helen , Bloom A. Anthony , Bowman Kevin , Stavrakou Trissevgeni , Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Worden John , Guenther Alex , Sarkar Chinmoy , Seco Roger , Park Jeong‐Hoo , Tota Julio , Alves Eliane Gomes , Ferracci Valerio
Published: February 2023

Isoprene is a hydrocarbon emitted in large quantities by terrestrial vegetation. It is a precursor to several air quality and climate pollutants including ozone. Emission rates vary with plant species and environmental conditions. This variability can be modeled using the Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature (MEGAN). MEGAN parameterizes isoprene emission rates as a vegetation‐specific standard rate which is modulated by scaling factors that depend on meteorological and environmental driving variables. Recent experiments have identified large uncertainties in the MEGAN temperature response parameterization, while the emission rates under standard conditions are poorly constrained in some regions due to a lack of representative measurements and uncertainties in landcover. In this study, we use Bayesian model‐data fusion to optimize the MEGAN temperature response and standard emission rates using satellite‐ and ground‐based observational constraints. Optimization of the standard emission rate with satellite constraints reduced model biases but was highly sensitive to model input errors and drought stress and was found to be inconsistent with ground‐based constraints at an Amazonian field site, reflecting large uncertainties in the satellite‐based emissions. Optimization of the temperature response with ground‐based constraints increased the temperature sensitivity of the model by a factor of five at an Amazonian field site but had no impact at a UK field site, demonstrating significant ecosystem‐dependent variability of the isoprene emission temperature sensitivity. Ground‐based measurements of isoprene across a wide range of ecosystems will be key for obtaining an accurate representation of isoprene emission temperature sensitivity in global biogeochemical models.
Visuomotor anomalies in achiasmatic mice expressing a transfer-defective Vax1 mutant
Authors: Min Kwang Wook , Kim Namsuk , Lee Jae Hoon , Sung Younghoon , Kim Museong , Lee Eun Jung , Kim Jong-Myeong , Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Jaeyoung , Cho Wonjin , Yang Jee Myung , Kim Nury , Kim Jaehoon , Lee C. Justin , Park Young-Gyun , Lee Seung-Hee , Lee Han-Woong , Kim Jin Woo
Published: February 2023

In binocular animals that exhibit stereoscopic visual responses, the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) connect to brain areas bilaterally by forming a commissure called the optic chiasm (OC). Ventral anterior homeobox 1 (Vax1) contributes to the formation of the OC, acting endogenously in optic pathway cells and exogenously in growing RGC axons. Here, we generated Vax1AA/AA mice expressing the Vax1AA mutant, which is incapable of intercellular transfer. We found that RGC axons cannot take up Vax1AA protein from the Vax1AA/AA mouse optic stalk (OS) and grow slowly to arrive at the hypothalamus at a late stage. The RGC axons of Vax1AA/AA mice connect exclusively to ipsilateral brain areas after failing to access the midline, resulting in reduced visual acuity and abnormal oculomotor responses. Overall, our study provides physiological evidence for the necessity of intercellular transfer of Vax1 and the importance of the bilateral RGC axon projection in proper visuomotor responses.
Association of BMAL1 clock gene polymorphisms with fasting glucose in children
Authors: Yang Yi-De , Zeng Yuan , Li Jian , Zhou Jun-Hua , He Quan-Yuan , Zheng Chan-Juan , Reichetzeder Christoph , Krämer Bernhard K. , Hocher Berthold
Published: February 2023

Background

The brain and muscle Arnt-like protein-1 (BMAL1) gene is an important circadian clock gene and previous studies have found that certain polymorphisms are associated with type 2 diabetes in adults. However, it remains unknown if such polymorphisms can affect fasting glucose in children and if other factors modify the associations.

Methods

A school-based cross-sectional study with 947 Chinese children was conducted. A multivariable linear regression model was used to analyze the association between BMAL1 gene polymorphisms and fasting glucose level.

Results

After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index (BMI), physical activity, and unhealthy diet, GG genotype carriers of BMAL1 rs3789327 had higher fasting glucose than AA/GA genotype carriers (b = 0.101, SE = 0.050, P = 0.045). Adjusting for the same confounders, rs3816358 was shown to be significantly associated with fasting glucose (b = 0.060, SE = 0.028, P = 0.032). Furthermore, a significant interaction between rs3789327 and nutritional status on fasting glucose was identified (Pinteraction = 0.009); rs3789327 was associated with fasting glucose in the overweight/obese subgroup (b = 0.353, SE = 0.126, P = 0.006), but not in non-overweight/non-obese children.

Conclusions

BMAL1 polymorphisms were significantly associated with the fasting glucose level in children. Additionally, the observed interaction between nutritional status and BMAL1 supports promoting an optimal BMI in children genetically predisposed to higher glucose level.

Impact

Polymorphisms in the essential circadian clock gene BMAL1 were associated with fasting blood glucose levels in children. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between nutritional status and BMAL1 affecting fasting glucose levels.

BMAL1 rs3789327 was associated with fasting glucose only in overweight/obese children.

This finding could bring novel insights into mechanisms by which nutritional status influences fasting glucose in children.
Celastrol suppresses colorectal cancer via covalent targeting peroxiredoxin 1
Authors: Xu Heng , Zhao Hongfang , Ding Chunyong , Jiang Defang , Zhao Zijie , Li Yang , Ding Xiaoyu , Gao Jing , Zhou Hu , Luo Cheng , Chen Guoqiang , Zhang Ao , Xu Ying , Zhang Hao
Published: February 2023

As a terpenoids natural product isolated from the plant Thunder God Vine, Celastrol is widely studied for its pharmacological activities, including anti-tumor activities. The clinical application of Celastrol is strictly limited due to its severe side effects, whereas previously revealed targets and mechanism of Celastrol seldom reduce its in vivo toxicity via structural optimization. Target identification has a far-reaching influence on the development of innovative drugs, and omics data has been widely used for unbiased target prediction. However, it is difficult to enrich target of specific phenotype from thousands of genes or proteins, especially for natural products with broad promising activities. Here, we developed a text-mining-based web-server tool to enrich targets from omics data of inquired compounds. Then peroxiredoxin 1 (PRDX1) was identified as the ROS-manipulating target protein of Celastrol in colorectal cancer. Our solved high-resolution crystal structure revealed the unique covalent binding mode of Celastrol with PRDX1. New derivative compound 19-048 with improved potency against PRDX1 and selectivity towards PRDX2~PRDX6 were synthesized based on crystal structure analysis. Both Celastrol and 19-048 effectively suppressed the proliferation of colorectal cancer cells. The anti-tumor efficacy of Celastrol and 19-048 was significantly diminished on xenograft nude mice bearing PRDX1 knock-down colorectal cancer cells. Several downstream genes of p53 signaling pathway were dramatically up-regulated with Celastrol or 19-048 treatment. Our findings reveal that the side effects of Celastrol could be reduced via structural modification, and PRDX1 inhibition is promising for the treatment of colorectal cancer.