bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robert W. Kates’ Reader:
Authors: Clark William
Published: April 2020

KATES, Robert W., ed. 2010. Readings in Sustainability Science and Technology. CID Working Paper No. 213.Center for International Development, Harvard University. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University, December 2010.
Sociedade cabocla:
Authors: Caribé Grando Raquel
Published: April 2020

ADAMS, Cristina; MURRIETA, Rui; NEVES, Walter (Eds.). Sociedades caboclas amazônicas: modernidade einvisibilidade. São Paulo: Annablume, 2006. 364 p.; 16 X 23 cm. ISBN 85-7419-644-4.
Chronicle of the Events of the 50s of the XX Century in the Middle East in Reflection of the Turkish Magazine «Akis»
Authors:   North-Eastern Federal University named after M. K. Ammosov, Zhelobtsov Fedot F.
Published: April 2020

The article is devoted to the events in the Middle East of the middle of the 20th century and their reflection on the pages of the Turkish opposition magazine Akis. The author pays special attention to the discussion and assessments of Turkey’s interference in the regional conflict, shows the evolution of the magazine’s position in relation to the Suez events, Egypt and its leader, G. A. Nasser. The article shows that the analysis of the ups and downs of Turkey’s policy will help to understand the origins, causes and ways to get out of the acute Middle East confrontation.
Terapia de reemplazo hormonal y enfermedad coronaria: beneficios explicados por los sesgos en la investigación
Authors: Zuleta Tobón John Jairo
Published: April 2020

Aunque hasta hace muy poco tiempo se aceptaba el beneficio de la terapia de sustitución hormonal para prevenir la enfermedad coronaria en mujeres posmenopáusicas, ahora ya hay recomendaciones en su contra y estas nacen a partir del primer ensayo clínico controlado que se dedica al tema. Una posible explicación a la contradicción entre los estudios observacionales que apoyaban al empleo y el ensayo clínico que no encuentra los beneficios pueden ser los sesgos inherentes a los primeros. Se realiza una revisión de algunos de los sesgos que ya han sido demostrados.
Dismenorrea primaria: visión actual
Authors: Monterrosa Castro Alvaro
Published: April 2020

Con el adelanto alcanzado en el conocimiento de todos los aspectos relacionados con la dismenorrea primaria, hoy día se dispone de sustancias y esquemas de tratamiento farmacológico, encaminados a aliviar e incluso prevenir las manifestaciones dolorosas que genera esta condición femenina. Se presentan en la siguiente revisión los conceptos actuales que explican los eventos involucrados en la fisiopatología, y se señalan y detallan consideraciones propias con respecto a los benéficos que generan los AINES y los anticonceptivos orales combinados, que son las medidas terapéuticas que se deben utilizar. Se presentan las medidas alternativas de manejo que se han venido postulando en los últimos años.La severidad del dolor pélvico durante la fase menstrual, definido como dismenorrea primaria, puede minizarse si el profesional de la salud, tiene una visión clara de la fisiopatología de esta condición, si provee información y educación a sus pacientes con respecto a los aspectos relacionados, y si recomienda y estimula el uso profiláctico de los diferentes agentes que inhiben o impiden la síntesis de prostaglandinas, mientras contribuye a erradicar los mitos presentes en la comunicad, que impiden la correcta comprensión y la toma de medidas verdaderamente eficaces.
Histerectomía total por laparoscopia: la nueva opción
Authors: Argüello Argüello Ramiro , Hoyos Usta Edwin Alberto , Argüello Argüello Rodrigo
Published: April 2020

De diciembre 7 de 1999 a marzo 24 de 2001 realizamos histerectomía total por laparoscopia en 61 pacientes. La edad promedio fue de 44 años. El tiempo quirúrgico promedio fue de 105 minutos. El peso uterino promedio fue de 147 gramos, con un máximo de 435 gramos. Los principales diagnósticos prequirúrgicos fueron: miomatosis uterina 41%; dolor pélvico crónico 20%; lesión escamosa intraepitelial cervical (LEIC) de alto grado 20% y hemorragia uterina 11%. Los resultados de patología fueron en su mayoría adenomiosis (39%) y miomatosis uterina (38%), LEIC de alto y bajo grado (16%) y una paciente con Ca infiltrante oculto (2%). Sólo en 2 pacientes no se encontró patología uterina (3%). Se destaca el uso de un movilizador uterino de invención y fabricación nacional y se sustenta la histerectomía total por laparoscopia como primera opción, antes que la histerectomía abdominal, en unidades con suficiente experiencia en cirugía laparoscópica.
Ateş Yanıklığına Tolerant Ayva Tiplerinin Seleksiyon Islahı: Doğu Marmara Bölgesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Müge , MISIRLI Adalet , ÖZAKTAN Hatice
Published: April 2020

Ayva (Cydonia oblonga Mill.), genetik çeşitlilik, üretim ve ihracat parametreleri açısından Türkiye için oldukça önemli bir meyve türüdür. Bu çalışma ile yetiştiriciliğinde en önemli sorunlardan biri olan Erwinia amylovora Burrill’in neden olduğu ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı tolerant tiplerin, doğal epidemik koşullar altında belirlenmesi ve koruma altına alınması amaçlanmıştır. Hastalığa dayanımın yanı sıra, genel, topoğrafik, pomolojik ve morfololik özellikler ile çeşit ve anaçlık kullanım açısından UPOV özellik belgesinden seçilen 16 özellik incelenmiştir. Doğu Marmara Bölgesi’nde yapılan surveylerde Bursa’dan, yöresel adları Bardak, Limon ve Acı ayva olan 3 genotip, Sakarya’dan ise 1 genotip doğal ateş yanıklığı epidemisi koşullarında iki yıl boyunca gözlemlenerek tolerant olarak seçilmiştir. Bu genotiplerde hastalık oranı % 0-12 arasında değişim göstermiştir. Genotipler ağırlıklı olarak milli-killi bahçelerde yabani ya da yerel tip olarak gelişim göstermiş ve tamamında ağaç taç şekli; yarı dik, yaprak ayası şekli; ovat olarak belirlenmiş ve meyvelerinde boyunluluk görülmüştür. Meyve rengi bakımından genotiplerin dağılımı sarı-yeşil ve sarı olarak belirlenirken, meyve yumurtalık evi (alt çukur) belirginliği, sap çukuru belirginliği, meyve şekli, yaprak ayası uç açısı, taban şekli ve yaprak ayası duruş özelliklerinde ise geniş varyasyon görülmüştür. İncelenen genotiplerde yaprak ayası en, boy ve sap uzunluğu değerleri sırasıyla 5,56-9,10 cm, 5,56-10,86 cm, ve 10,00-20,40 mm sınırlarında farklılık göstermiştir. Ortalama meyve eni ve boyu bakımından değişim aralığı sırasıyla 6,25-9,58 cm ve 8,20-12,00 cm olarak bulunmuştur. Ortalama meyve ağırlığının ise 263-510 g aralığında olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Meyve özelliklerinden en, boy ve ort. meyve ağırlığı ve yaprak özelliklerinden boy, en ve yaprak sapı uzunluğu açısından QFBNT16-3 nolu genotip ön plana çıkmıştır. Bursa - Keles bölgesinde, yöresel adı “Bardak ayvası” olan bu tip ateş yanıklığına doğal dayanım açısından da tolerant olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışma ile Doğu Marmara Bölgesi’nde yayılış gösteren ayva genotiplerinin çoğu özellik bakımından önemli oranda varyasyon gösterdiği ve arazi koşullarında doğal olarak oluşan ateş yanıklığı hastalığına karşı tolerant olarak belirlenen bu genotiplerin, anaç ve çeşit ıslahı açısından genitör olarak kullanılabilecek potansiyele sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Çiftçi Koşullarında Yerel Çeşitlere Dayalı Buğday Üretimi
Authors: KAPLAN EVLİCE Asuman , AKKAYA Aydın
Published: April 2020

Ülkemizde, özellikle son 50 yıllık süreçte yeni buğday çeşitlerinin yaygınlaşması, yerel popülasyonların üretimdeki paylarının giderek azalmasına yol açmıştır. Ancak, son yıllarda üretim sistemleri ve talepteki yeni yönelmeler nedeniyle, yerel buğday çeşitlerimiz üretim için yeniden güncel duruma gelmiştir. Bu nedenle, yeni çeşitler yerine yerel çeşitlere dayalı buğday üretiminin, potansiyel risk ve fırsatlar açısından değerlendirilmesi yararlı olacaktır. Yeni buğday ve yerel buğday konusundaki değerlendirmelerde, bir diğerini faydasız sayan karşılaştırma, tartışma ve yaklaşımlardan uzak durulmalıdır. Buğdayın yıllık üretim miktarı riske sokulmamalı ve yüksek verimli yeni çeşitlerin, artan nüfusun gıda güvenliğinin sağlanmasındaki önemi unutulmamalıdır. Bu nedenle, yüksek tane verimi sağlayabilme potansiyeline sahip koşullarda yapılacak buğday üretiminde, yeni çeşitler yerine yerel çeşitlerin tercih edilmesi riskli olacaktır. Aksine yerel çeşitler; geleneksel yetiştiriciliğe rağmen düşük verim alınan koşullar, yüksek sap üretimi istenilen durumlar, yerel taleplerin yüksek olduğu yöreler, özellikle de organik buğday tarımı için üretim fırsat ve potansiyeline sahiptir. Bilimsel ve üretici katılımlı çalışmalarla bu fırsatlar ve potansiyeller değerlendirilebilir, ıslah açısından büyük bir öneme sahip olan yerel buğdaylara dayalı ekonomik ve sürdürülebilir üretim sağlanabilir.
Fecal microbiome change in patients with ulcerative colitis after fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Tikunov A. Y. , Morozov V. V. , Shvalov A. N. , Bardasheva A. V. , Shrayner E. V. , Maksimova O. A. , Voloshina I. O. , Morozova V. V. , Vlasov V. V. , Tikunova N. V.
Published: April 2020

Intestinal human microbiota is a dynamic system that is under the pressures of its host organism and external factors. Microbiota disruption caused by these factors can lead to severe diseases including inflammatory and oncological diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the possible approaches in managing the intestinal microbiota is fecal microbiota transplantation (FT) – transfer of the microbiota from the stool of a healthy donor to the intestinal tract of a recipient patient. Currently, this procedure is recognized as an efficacious method to normalize the intestinal microbiota mainly in inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. In Russia, pilot studies of the effectiveness of FT in patients with ulcerative colitis have been conducted for several years, and these studies were started in Novosibirsk. The aim of this study was to assess the change of intestinal microbiome in 20 patients with ulcerative colitis after a single FT procedure. The main method is a comparative analysis of 16S ribosomal RNA sequence libraries constructed using fecal samples obtained from patients with ulcerative colitis before and after FT and sequenced on the Illumina MiSeq platform. The obtained results showed that FT led to an increase in average biodiversity in samples after FT compared to samples before FT; however, the difference was not significant. In the samples studied, the proportion of Firmicutes sequences, the major gastrointestinal microbiota of healthy people, was decreased (~32 % vs. >70 %), while the proportion of Proteobacteria sequences was increased (>9 % vs. <5 %). In some samples collected before FT, sequences of pathogenic Firmicutes and Proteobacteria were detected, including Acinetobacter spp., Enterococcusspp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Stenotrophomonas maltophylia, Streptococcusspp. In most cases, the proportion of such sequences after FT substantially decreased in appropriate samples. The exception was the Clostridiumdifficilesequences, which accounted for <0.5 % of the sequences in samples from almost half of the patients and after FT, the share of such C. difficilesequences was significantly reduced only in samples from three patients. It should be noted that the proportion of Lactobacillusspp. increased ten-fold and their species composition significantly expanded. According to the obtained results, a preliminary conclusion can be made that even a single FT procedure can lead to an increase in the biodiversity of the gastrointestinal microbiota in patients and to the optimization of the taxonomic composition of the microbiota.
Entrance System for High Schools: Development of the Guttman Attitude Scale towards Local Placement
Authors: COŞKUN Meltem , İNAM Bahattin , TURANLI Necla
Published: April 2020

The foundation of transition from elementary education to secondary education is rooted in exams as well as the success gained from those exams. Although students were placed into a secondary education institution based on their exam scores in the previous exam system, with the newly-implemented ‘Entrance System for High Schools’ (shortly LGS in Turkish), there are two different student placements under consideration: (1) centralized placement, and (2) local placement. The purpose of the current study is to develop an attitude scale based on Guttman Scaling in order to investigate the attitudinal behaviors of the parents in the current education system. In line with this objective, a draft scale, consisting of ten items were administered to 241 parents whose children were placed into a high school in the 2017-2018 academic year. In the direction of the responses provided by the parents, four items were removed from the scale. Reliability test was conducted on the residual six items. The coefficient of reproducibility was calculated as 0,986 and scalability coefficient was 0,925, which is considered as acceptable for the reliability of the current scale. It was concluded that Guttman Scaling for local placement (i.e., address-based placement) is a reliable research tool for measuring attitudes towards placements in secondary education.
Nonverbal Communication in German-Albanian Cultural Contrast
Authors: KADZADEJ Brikena , HAMİTİ Vjosa
Published: April 2020

This article explores the nonverbal communication by comparing the cultural features of Albanian (in Albania and Kosovo) and German cultures; also comparing the inter-cultural features in Albania and Kosovo, respectively. The human communication is beyond language: nonverbal communication includes all kinds of human behavior that are not strictly linguistic but convey meaning, i.e., a set of behaviors (e.g., gestures) with a specific referential value and a function. We focus on seven of the most important channels of nonverbal communication in a contrastive Albanian-German perspective: proxemics, eye contact, facial expressions, body language, touching, physical appearance, the extra-linguistic field. The field of nonverbal communication is often considered inferior in relation to verbal communication (comprised of language habits, grammar, lexicon, etc.). Although communication between members of two different cultures requires the knowledge of a foreign language, their communication actually begins before any words are uttered.
EFICÁCIA DAS NORMAS DE COMPLIANCE NO BRASIL A PARTIR DA PERSPECTIVA DO MODELO ADOTADO PELO COAF
Authors: Onzi Sidineia Maria DELAI , Ferreira Luiz Felipe , Ramalho Fabiano
Published: April 2020

Este trabalho objetiva identificar o resultado da aplicação de normas de compliance no Brasil, com destaque para o Conselho de Controle de Atividades Financeiras (COAF). Foi realizado um levantamento bibliográfico com análise de dados coletados do site do COAF. Assim, observou-se a quantidade de atos supostamente ilícitos denunciados e, dentre eles, quantos caracterizaram ilicitude ou crime. Nos resultados, constatou-se que o setor financeiro foi o que mais relatou suspeitas de atividades ilícitas. Verificou-se, com o presente estudo, um alto índice de eficácia no combate à corrupção e à lavagem de dinheiro por meio do modelo adotado pelo COAF.
Cesarean Section in a Pregnant Woman with COVID-19: First Case in Portugal
Authors: Lyra Joana , Valente Rita , Rosário Marta , Guimarães Mariana
Published: April 2020

We report the first cesarean delivery in a woman with COVID-19 in a level III hospital in Portugal. It refers to a healthy woman with a term pregnancy that tested positive for COVID-19 on the day of labor induction. Given a Bishop score < 4 and the prior history of a cesarean section, the team decided to perform a surgical delivery. Appropriate personal protective equipment and safety circuits were employed, as described in more detail in the case report. Both the mother and the newborn are well. With this report we aimed to share our concerns, clinical management, maternal and neonatal outcomes, and to present our current circuits and adjustments regarding the COVID-19 pandemic in our maternity hospital.
Asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis o litiasis vesicular
Authors: Vilela Desposorio Carlos David , Aurazo Zapata Giancarlo Moisés , Abanto Vaella María Julissa
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: Determinar si existe asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis o litiasis vesicular. Material y métodos: Estudio de serie de casos comparativo, retrospectivo, realizado entre enero del 2014 y diciembre del 2015, en el Hospital Belén de Trujillo-Perú. Formaron parte del estudio todos aquellos casos productos de colecistectomía que tuvieron un perfil lipídico. Se revisaron 1069 historias clínicas en las que se encontraron 143 casos que tenían perfil lipídico. Resultados: El rango de edad varió entre 17 y 95 años con una edad promedio de 50 años. De estos, 36 casos (25,2%) tenían colesterolosis. La relación varón:mujer fue 1:2,6 y una edad promedio de 44,5 años. Tuvieron colecistolitiasis 119 casos (83,2%), con una relación varón:mujer 1:3,1 y una edad promedio de 48 años. Hubo hipercolesterolemia (≥ 200mg/dl) en 51 casos (35,7%). En 29 (20,3%) casos se observó colesterolosis con colecistolitiasis y 7 (4,9%) pacientes tuvieron colesterolosis acalculosa. No se encontró asociación entre hipercolesterolemia y colesterolosis (p=0,284), ni con litiasis vesicular (p=0,169). Conclusiones: No existe asociación estadísticamente significativa entre hipercolesterolemia con colesterolosis, ni con litiasis vesicular.
OPTIMASI DAN EFISIENSI TEKNIK ISOLASI RNA DAUN DAN AKAR KELAPA SAWIT (Elaeis guineensis Jacq)
Authors: Sari Dini Astika , Martiansyah Irfan , Mukmin Restu Prasetya , Hadi Sapto Nugroho , Syahputra Indra , Afandi Dadang , Putranto Riza Arief
Published: April 2020

Tanaman kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan polisakarida dan polifenol yang tinggi. Kontaminasi polisakarida dan polifenol menyebabkan sulitnya proses isolasi RNA dari jaringan tanaman kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengoptimasi beberapa protokol isolasi RNA tanaman kelapa sawit yang efektif dan efisien. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama tiga bulan, pada bulan Oktober-Desember 2018 di Laboratorium Biokimia dan Biologi Molekuler, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi dan Bioindustri Indonesia (PPBBI), Jalan Taman Kencana No. 1 Bogor 16128. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melaksanakan teknik isolasi RNA menggunakan tiga protokol, yaitu modifikasi Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB), kit isolasi RNA RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), dan kit isolasi NucleoSpin RNAPlant (Macherey-Nagel). Sampel yang digunakan adalah daun dan akar tanaman kelapa sawit berumur kurang dari tiga bulan dengan bobot 0,1 gram dan 2,5 gram yang disesuaikan untuk tiap protokol. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsentrasi (ng/µl), kemurnian (rasio A260/A280 dan A260/A230), dan pita RNA pada elektroforesis gel agarosa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, RNA total hasil isolasi protokol NucleoSpin RNAPlant (Macherey-Nagel) memiliki kualitas paling tinggi. Konsentrasi RNA total daun dan akar kelapa sawit yang didapatkan melalui protokol NucleoSpin RNAPlant (Macherey-Nagel) sebesar 338 ng/µl dan 184,4 ng/µl dengan rasio A260/A280 RNA total daun dan akar kelapa sawit sebesar 2,13 dan 2,18 serta rasio A260/A230 sebesar 2,09 dan 2,20. Hasil elektroforesis gel agarosa menunjukkan integritas yang bagus dari RNA total hasil isolasi RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen) dan NucleoSpin RNAPlant (Macherey-Nagel), namun terdapat kontaminasi dan smear pada RNA total hasil isolasi CTAB modifikasi 1 dan 2. Kata kunci: kelapa sawit, isolasi RNA, spektrofotometer, elektroforesis gel agarosa
Penggunaan Zeolit Sebagai Media Penyaring Pada Pengolahan Air LimbahDomestik
Authors: Yanto Yanto
Published: April 2020

Sand filter is frequentlyused to treat contaminated water. Channel filter system is a modification of sand filter where the channel is shaped thus the land requirement could be minimized, water is flowed horizontallyfrom intial tank to finaltank through sand filter. Employing the channel filter to treat domestic wastewateris capable of reducing E. Coli up to 98.14%, increasing DO up to 27% and decreasing BOD5 up to 27%. Unfortunately, the final content of E.Coli after treatment process completed is still unacceptable for drinking water. Several options are available to improve the performance of the channel filter system. One of the promising alternativesis modifying the filter medium. Zeolite is natural material that has been utilized to improvewater quality based on several parameters such as Fe, Mn, organic materials, CO and others. Application of zeolite to diminish E. Coli is a challenge. This paper will investigate the effectiveness of zeolite to lower E. Coli contained in domestic wastewater . Zeolite was added to sand filter where thefraction of zeolite is about 5%. Two kind of zeolite-sand combination was implemented that is arranged and mixed zeolite-sand. Wastewater containing E.Coli was then put in the initial tank. Through the hole createdin the tank, wastewater then flowed passing through the combined zeolite-sand filter and accumulated in the final tank. Both E. Coli from initial and final tank was measured to compute treatment efficiency. The result showsE. Coli decreases up to99.99%, BOD5and DO decrease more than 71% and 66% respectively. It can be concluded that 5% addition ofzeolite is able to improve treatment efficiency ofsand filter.
Efektifitas Wire Rope Sebagai Perkuatan padaDaerah Momen Negatif Balok Beton Bertulang Tampang T
Authors: Haryanto Yanuar
Published: April 2020

The loss due to collapsing structure includes not only materialsbutalso take lives. In thecase of structure function changing that may cause increasing loads, it is required to put efforts instrengtheningthe structure elements in order to increase the capacity and hence to avoid the possibility of collapsing. The objective of this research was to study thebehavior of T-sectional reinforced concrete beamstrengthenedin the negative momentregionwithwire rope and mortar composite. The test was carried out to three T-sectional beams: without wire rope reinforcement (BK), with 2 wire rope reinforcements (BP1), and with 4 wirerope (BP2) reinforcements. The type of wire rope was Independent Wire Rope Core (IWRC) with10 mm diameter. The testing method used was two points static loading with flens positions below (the flens part experienced tensile stress). Results showed that the maximum load carryingcapacity of BP1 and BP2 specimens increased by ratios of 1.59 and 2.03 to the BK specimen respectively. However, the increase was achievedafter the development and propagation of highcracking. Ductility of BP1 and BP2 specimens decreased by ratios of 0.62 and 0.36 to the BK specimen respectively. The initial stiffness of BP1 and BP2 increased byratios of 1.09 and 1.08 to the BK specimen respectively.The effective stiffness ofBP1 and BP2 specimensdecreased by ratios of 0.88 and 0.92 to the BK specimenrespectively. Stress occurred in the wire rope based on the analysis results of Response-2000 and the layer method have not reached 50% ofthe ultimate stress resulted from the preliminary test. In general, unless improvement was given to the stiffness characteristics of thewire rope, its contribution would not become optimum.
H-Bridge Inverter denganBoost-up Chopper sebagai Pengondisi DayaPhotovoltaic
Authors: Suroso Suroso
Published: April 2020

This paper discusses anapplication of H-bridge inverter equipped with boost-up chopper circuits as photovoltaic power conditioner in stand-alone operation. First, the boost-up chopper circuits working to regulate the DCoutput voltage of photovoltaic with proportional-integral (PI) controller is described. Then, the H-bridge inverter converting the DC output voltage of chopper circuits become AC voltage waveform is presented. The uni-polar sinusoidal pulse-width modulation technique (SPWM) is appliedto the inverter circuits to produce sinusoidal output current waveform. The simulation results of the proposed photovoltaic system for different output voltages, and transient voltage wave forms are presented in the paper. The results show that the boost-up chopper circuits is effective to be appliedin the photovoltaic system to obtain stable DC output voltage of the photovoltaic, and AC voltage waveform generated bythe inverter circuits.
Efektivitas Injeksi Larutan Kapur untuk Menurunkan Plastisitas Tanah Lempung sebagai Upaya Mengatasi Kerusakan Jalan Raya
Authors: Sumiyanto Sumiyanto , Apriyono Arwan
Published: April 2020

Highway built on high plasticity clay will be easily damaged by groundshrinkage flower essence. Stabilization of clayby mixing lime is a repairement method that has been proven quite effective. However, this method is difficult to be applied in existing  road because demolition must be done. Stabilization of clay using lime solution injection is the method proposed toovercome the  problems of expansive clay under the existing highway, therefore demolition is not required. This study was conducted to obtain  effective parameters influencing the distance lime solution injection sites and time required for complete stabilization process. This research was conductedin labotarorium by injection experiments. Test results shows indications of soil plasticity decrease, especially  the value of plasticity index (PI) and liquid limit (LL). PI decreases from 24.74% to 19.5% and LL decrease from 52.32% to 45%. Based on data analysis it appears that the time required for complete lime solution injection (effective time) has not been obtained in  this test. Based on test data, until the day 28 value of soil plasticity index is still low. In this study obtained effective distance influencing the injectionsolution of lime is 100 cm. The distance is still need to be enlarged by increasing the high pressure.
Jumlah Transisi pada Ciri Transisi dalam Pengenalan Pola Tulisan Tangan Aksara Jawa Nglegeno dengan Multiclass Support Vector Machines
Authors: Nugraha Azis Wisnu Widhi , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Hery
Published: April 2020

Feature extraction is one of the most improtant step on characters recognition system. Transition features is one from many features used on characters recognition system. This paper report a research on handwritten basic Jawanesse characters recognition system to found the proper numbers of transitions used on transition features. To recognize the characters,the Multiclass Support Vector Machines were used. The Directed Acyclic Graph (DAG) SVM were used for multiclass classification strategy and to map each input vector to a higher dimention space, the Gaussian Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernel with parameter 1were used. It can be shown, for basicJawanesse characters recognition system, the optimal numbers of transitions used for transition features is 4 (a half of maximum numbers of transition on all patterns).
SIMULASI KOORDINASI RELAY ARUS LEBIH POLA NON-KASKADE
Authors: Prasetijo Hari , Purnomo Widhiatmoko Herry , Triwijaya Edwin
Published: April 2020

Dibutuhkan pola koordinasi antar OCR agar diperoleh sistem pengamanan yang handal dalam mengamankan transformator dari gangguan arus lebih. Pola koordinasi yang digunakan di Gardu Induk 150 kV Rawalo saat ini adalah pola koordinasi kaskade, namun kelemahan pada pola ini adalah pengaturan waktu kerja OCR incoming selama 1 detik, sehingga jika terjadi kegagalan kerja pada OCR feeder maka transformator akan terganggu selama 1 detik. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pola koordinasi baru yang tidak mengabaikan selektifitas sistem pengamanan dan dapat mempercepat waktu kerja OCR incoming yaitu pola koordinasi non-kaskade. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menganalisa penerapan pola koordinasi OCR non-kaskade di Gardu Induk 150 kV Rawalo. Untuk mengetahui kinerja pola koordinasi non-kaskade dilakukan simulasi pada Matlab Simulink 7.0.1. Hasil simulasi kinerja pola non-kaskade jika OCR feeder mengalami kegagalan kerja maka OCR incoming akan bekerja 0,6 detik setelah gangguan terjadi, sehingga transformator hanya akan terganggu selama 0,6 detik.

 
The Correlation of The Age and Length of Stay with The Compliance of Beef Cattle Farmers Norms: Case Study in Final Waste Disposal of Jatibarang, Semarang City
Authors: Muatip Krismiwati , Purwaningsih Hermin , Priyono Agus , Nuskhi Muhammad , Setiana Lucie , Putra Aditya Permana
Published: April 2020

The study was conducted in the final waste disposal (TPA) Jatibarang, Kedungpane, Mijen, Semarang. A survey was conducted, targeting the beef cattle farmers who pastured their cattle in the TPA Jatibarang, Semarang. The observed variables were age (X1), education background (X2), length of stay (X3), total cattle owned (X4), and the farmer’s norm compliance (Y1). Purposive sampling was used to determine the sample of regions. Total respondents were determined by simple random sampling, selecting 70 out of 350 farmers (20%). The result of the analysis showed that 78.57% farmers were at their productive age (20-55 years old), 64.30% had elementary education background, 74.29% had been farming for over 14 years, and 62.86% had fewer than seven cattle. The farmers also showed a sound moral compliance. The result of spearman rank showed a non-significant correlation between age and length of farming experience with norm compliance. Age was negatively correlated with norm compliance, but education background and total cattle owned were significantly correlated with norm compliance, showing a correlation value of 0,248* and 0,610*, respectively.
Internal Resources of Dairy Cattle Farming Business and Their Effects On Institutional Performance and Business Development
Authors: Amam Amam , Jadmiko Mohammad Wildan , Harsita Pradiptya Ayu , Yulianto Roni
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this research was to identified the internal resources of dairy cattle farming business and assess their effects on institutional performance of the business risk aspects. The research was conducted at the Kawasan Pengembangan Sapi Perah Nasional (KPSPN), Malang District, East Java Province. Respondents of this reserach were all of the dairy cattle farmers who were members of the KUB (Kelompok Usaha Bersama) of the Tirtasari Kresna Gemilang. Generally, the respondent of this study was 174 person. Data were analyzed using the method of PLS (Partial Least Square). The results showed that internal resources had an effect on institutional performance by 23,4%, while business risk aspects were influenced by internal resources and institutional performance by 54,7%. Conclusion of the study was the internal resources of dairy cattle farming business consist of financial resources, technological resources and physical resources.
The Effect of Various Legume Herbs Supplementation on Intake, Digestibility and Growth of Fat-tailed Lambs Given Mulato Grass
Authors: Marsetyo Marsetyo , Mumu Muhammad Ilyas , Basri Muhamad
Published: April 2020

This experiment was conducted to examine the effect of various legume herbs supplementation on feed intake, digestibility and liveweight gain of fat-tailed lambs given Mulato (Brachiaria mulato) grass. Twenty four male fat-tailed lambs (8 months of age and 12.73± 0.56 kg (SE) of initial liveweight) were randomly allotted to four treatment groups based on unfasted liveweight.  Animals were housed in individual metabolism crates. The experiment was designed in a completely randomized block design, with four treatments and six replicates. The dietary treatment tested included Mulato grass ad libitum (M), M + Centrosema pascuorum  (MCP), M + Dolichos lab lab (MDL) and M+ Clitoria ternatea (MCT). All supplement was offered at 1.5% body weight (W) per day.  The experiment lasted for 10 weeks, with 2 and 8 weeks for adaptation and measurement period, respectively. The main parameter measured included feed intake, feed digestibility, and average daily liveweight gain (ADG).  Results showed that total DM intakes (DMI) were not affected (P>0.05) by legume herbs supplementation. Total DMI was 2.75, 2.79, 2.84 and 2.87 %W/d for lamb treated with M MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. In contrast, supplementation with various legume herbs significantly increased (P <0.05) DM digestibility (DMD) and ADG of lamb received Mulato grass, with no significant difference (P>0.05) between legume herbs.  Feed DMD was 58.17, 67.48, 64.91; 65.03% and ADG were 35.67; 58.39; 54.31 and 54.41 g/day, for lamb treated with M, MCP, MDL and MCT respectively. It was concluded that supplementation of legume herbs to fat-tailed lamb fed Mulato grass significantly increased DMD and ADG, but no significant differences across the legume herbs as feed supplements were observed.
Listening to Javanese Gamelan Can Reduce Depression Score in Institutionalized Elderly
Authors: Rochdiat M Wahyu , Lestari Elfiana Dewi
Published: April 2020

ABSTRACT

Elderlies who lives in nursing home conceive a high risk of experiencing depression. Music that is usually heard by the elderly in Java Province is Javanese gamelan and there was a few of research that examined its effect on the elderlies depression. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of listening to Javanese gamelan on the depression score of institutionalized elderly. This research used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group approach. The researchers screened 88 elderlies who live in one of nursing home in Yogyakarta with GDS (Geriatric Depression Scale), which acquired 49 depressed elderlies. A purposive sampling technique (criteria: Javanese, not experiencing the hearing loss, cooperative, and not in an isolation room) conduced 26 elderlies as samples. The subjects were divided into two groups with same proportion of ages in each group. Wilcoxon test indicated that there was a decreasing of the depression score in the intervention group (p-value 0.000). The depression score in the control group increased from 7.46 to 9.46. Javanese gamelan is effective in reducing the depression score in institutionalized elderlies.

Keywords: Depression, elderly, Javanese gamelan 
Reduction of Graphene Oxide: Controlled Synthesis by Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Rahayu Endah Fitriani , Bunnari Bunnari , Hardyansyah Andri
Published: April 2020

Graphene has been attracting enormous attention in the scientific community because of its unique properties and use for various applications. Graphene has been synthesized in various ways, one of which is the graphite oxidation method to form graphene oxide (GO). Reduction of GO to reduced graphene oxide (RGO) is necessary to recover the conjugated network and electrical conductivity, and for this research, this was achieved using microwave irradiation. Microwave synthesis provides an alternative method, saving more time in the reaction process. In this research, graphene was synthesized from graphite by the modified Hummers method and microwave irradiation. This research proves that graphene can be synthesized with a high-quality structure and in a shorter amount of time using microwave irradiation to reduce GO. With longer microwave exposure, less GO is present in the sample, as indicated by the absence of an n–π* electronic transition in the absorbance graph and the absence of oxide groups in the Fourier-Transform Infra-Red spectrum. With increasing microwave power, the reduction process is short-lived, and better quality RGO is produced. This study shows that the new reduction process occurs within 20 minutes with a power of 450 and 630 watts, but at 900 watts, the reduction of GO occurs within 10 minutes, as shown by UV-Vis and FTIR spectra.
Awareness of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection among Indigenous Males in North America and Oceania
Authors: Bedi Simran , Strachan Robert , Zehbe Ingeborg
Published: April 2020

We surveyed peer-reviewed literature on the awareness of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among Indigenous males in North America and Oceania. Using keywords HPV plus male, men or boy, and ethnical filters such as Indigenous, Aboriginal or First Nations, we retrieved 47 articles based on titles of which we kept 14 after reading the abstracts. Reported HPV awareness was generally low in Indigenous males in North America with no peer-reviewed data from Oceania. The lower understanding by males compared to females was largely attributable to misconceptions about HPV-related diseases, their transmission, and prevention. Lack of awareness and concern toward the risk of contracting HPV infection in Indigenous males suggests an impediment in disseminating health information about this cancer-causing virus. Culturally sensitive education, with emphasis on Indigenous males, is needed to improve this group’s HPV knowledge. Researchers should also engage meaningfully with Indigenous communities by building rapport to achieve a positive change in attitude.
Central Disequilibrium Could be an Early Sign and Symptom of Rapidly Progressive SARS-CoV-2 related Respiratory Failure
Authors: Zreik Ali , Ammar Ali , Hunley Charles. , Madruga Mario , Khan Rumi
Published: April 2020

We describe a 90-year-old male presenting with disequilibrium, loss of balance and difficulty walking for three days prior to initial presentation. Interestingly, he denied cough, fever or dyspnea prior to arrival. Over the course of 48 hours, the patient developed acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) requiring intubation, diagnosed with COVID-19 infection and was treated in the intensive care unit where he died. Since the initial cases in Wuhan China in Dec 2019, the medical and epidemiological communities have learned much about the presenting features, symptomatology, epidemiology, transmission and common physical, laboratory and radiological findings of this disease. Although common symptoms are already established, it is very important to learn and record atypical symptoms or presentations of this highly contagious disease. By doing so, we will be able to recognize earlier atypical symptoms and prevent the environmental exposure to Health care workers and future patients as well. We report that Central disequilibrium may be such as initial presenting sign and symptom of impending respiratory failure from SARS-CoV-2 virus. These atypical findings such as presyncope may precede common respiratory complications of SARS-CoV-2.
Neurological Manifestations and Complications of COVID-19: A Literature Review
Authors: Ahmad Imran , Rathore Farooq Azam
Published: April 2020

The Coronavirus disease due to SARS-CoV-2 emerged in Wuhan city, China in December 2019 and rapidly spread more than 200 countries as a global health pandemic. There are more 3 million confirmed cases and around 207,000 fatalities. The primary manifestation is respiratory and cardiac but neurological manifestations are being reported in the literature as case reports and case series. The most common reported symptoms to include headache and dizziness followed by encephalopathy and delirium. Among the complications noted are Cerebrovascular accident, Guillian barre syndrome, acute transverse myelitis, and acute encephalitis. The most common peripheral manifestation was hyposmia. It is further noted that sometimes the neurological manifestations can precede the typical features like fever and cough and later on typical manifestations develop in these patients. Hence a high index of suspicion is required for timely diagnosis and isolation of cases to prevent the spread in neurology wards. We present a narrative review of the neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19. Our aim is to update the neurologists and physicians working with suspected cases of COVID-19 about the possible neurological presentations and the probable neurological complications resulting from this novel virus infection.
Virus Graph and COVID-19 Pandemic: A Graph Theory Approach
Authors: Bhapkar H. R. , Mahalle Parikshit , Dhotre Prashant  S.
Published: April 2020

Graph theory plays significant role in every field of science as well as technology. Every situation can be articulated in terms of suitable graphs by using various approaches of graph theory. Considering the recent pandemic in the world and the precautions taken for prevention of the COVID 19, it is the most appropriate way to exercise the graph models with theoretical as well as practical aspects to control this epidemic. This paper defines the variable set, variable graphs and their types with respect to variable vertex sets and variable edge sets. Depending upon the nature of the pandemic, there are four types of Virus graphs. Virus graph I and III are not so perilous for all living beings. Although, Virus graphs II and IV are extremely hazardous for the harmony of the world. In view of different aspects for expand of pandemic, growth types of virus graphs are divided in 1-1, 1-P and 1-all growth types. The COVID19 initially was in Virus graph-I type, but presently it is in Virus graph-II types. We present the table involving the number of infected people after n days with respect to different values of P and growth rates with I0 = 100. Moreover, the country wise starting dates of stages of the virus graph-I and II are specified. The concept of cut sets is applicable for prevention of COVID19 and the whole world is using the same analogy.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL FISIKA BERBASIS SAINS TEKNOLOGI MASYARAKAT (STM) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA SMA
Authors: Kassiavera Sujiyani , Sunarno Widha , Suparmi Suparmi
Published: April 2020

Pembelajaran yang digunakan masih bersifat konvensional sehingga masih kurangnya pemahaman siswa dalam memahami konsep pembelajaran fisika terkait aplikasinya pada kehidupan sehari-hari. Rata-rata hasil ujian nasional di sekolah menengah atas tahun 2013/2014 adalah 68,76 ini menunjukkan permasalahan dalam proses pembelajaran fisika, sehingga diperlukan alat bantu pembelajaran berbentuk modul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk:1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik modul fisika berbasis STM untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada materi suhu dan kalor, 2) mengembangkan modul fisika berbasis STM yang layak untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis  siswa SMA pada materi suhu dan kalor,3)meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa SMA pada materi suhu dan kalor, 4) meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa SMA pada materi suhu dan kalor, dan 5) meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa SMA pada materi suhu dan kalor. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian Research and Developmentyang mengadaptasi model 4-D dari Thiagarajan(1974) yang meliputi tahapdefine, design, developdan disseminate. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah angket, lembar observasi dan tes. Uji lapangan operasional menggunakan one group pretest-posttest design. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian dalam tahap define adalah analisis deskriptif, pada tahap design menggunakan analisis KD, tahap develope menggunakan analisis kuantitatif deskriptif dengan cara mengkonversi data menjadi kategori skala 4 untuk hasil validasi modul, hasil penilaian sikap dan hasil penilaian keterampilan sedangkan penilaian motivasi belajar dan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa dianalisis menggunakan n-gain ternormalisasi. Tahap disseminate menggunakan analisis deskriptif dari hasil penilaian modul dalam kategori skala 4. Berdasarkan analisis data diperoleh hasil penelitian dan pengembangan sebagai berikut:1) modul yang dikembangkan berbasis STM, dengan tahapan: invitasi, pembentukan konsep, aplikasi konsep, pemantapan konsep dan evaluasi; 2) modul memenuhi kategori sangat baik dari hasil validasi oleh validator materi, media, bahasa, review dan peer review. Aspek kelayakan isi & penyajian, kelayakan bahasa dan kelayakan kegrafikan; 3) modul efektif meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa. Hasil perhitungan N-gain yaitu 0,5dari pretest dan posstest yang dikategorikan sedang; 4)modul efektif meningkatkan kemampuan berpikir kritis siswa, hasil perhitungan N-gain yaitu 0,39 yang dikategorikan sedang. Hasil perhitungan N-gain yaitu 0,5dari pretest dan posstest yang dikategorikan sedang; 5) pembelajaran menggunakan modul berbasis STM dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa terlihat bahwa 93% siswa mencapai KKM.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN KIT PADA MATERI KEMAGNETAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN AKTIVITAS, MOTIVASI, DAN PRESTASI BELAJAR IPA SISWA SMP KELAS IX SMPN 1 NGUNTORONADI
Authors: Widayanti Rahayu , Cari Cari , Sarwanto Sarwanto
Published: April 2020

Motivasi dan aktivitas belajar IPA khususnya materi kemagnetan cenderung pasif dan bosan karena materi pembelajaran disampaikan secara monoton dengan oral. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan hasil pengembangan media KIT kemagnetan dalam pembelajaran IPA, (2) menguji kelayakan media KIT kemagnetan yang dikembangkan, dan (3) meningkatkan prestasi, motivasi, dan aktivitas belajar siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media KIT hasil pengembangan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dan pengembangan KIT materi kemagnetan. Ujicoba lapangan permulaan dilakukan pada 10 siswa dan ujicoba lapangan utama dilakukan pada 26 siswa kelas IX. Data diambil dengan teknik tes, angket, dan observasi. Data hasil belajar kognitif dianalisis dengan uji t dua sampel berpasangan. Data motivasi dan aktivitas dianalisis dengan persentase serta dikategorikan menurut pengkategorian Sudijono (1987). Berdasarkan hasil analisis data disimpulkan: (1) Media KIT yang dikembangkan dibuat  menjadi 5 set alat peraga yang berisi materi yang saling terkait serta disajikan dari yang termudah hingga yang lebih sulit; terbuat dari bahan yang sederhana dan mudah didapat sehingga lebih ekonomis dan efisien; disusun sesuai tingkat kemampuan siswa SMP di sekolah sehingga tujuan pembelajaran lebih mudah tercapai; dibuat secara tepat, memadai, dan mudah digunakan; direncanakan dengan teliti dan diujicoba terlebih dahulu; dan dilengkapi dengan LKS sebagai tindak lanjut pembelajaran agar  proses belajar dapat terpantau, (2 Media KIT kemagnetan yang dikembangkan dinyatakan layak berdasarkan; a) indikator kelayakan penilaian produk media pembelajaran KIT pada aspek nilai pendidikan, keterkaitan dengan bahan ajar, efisiensi alat, keakuratan alat, estetika, keterbacaan, dan kotak KIT memperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 94% atau pada  kategori “sangat baik”, b) penilaian siswa dari aspek nilai pendidikan, keterkaitan dengan bahan ajar, efisiensi alat, estetika, keterbacaan, dan kotak KIT pada uji coba terbatas memperoleh skor rata-rata 98,13% atau pada kategori “sangat baik”, dan pada uji coba diperluas memperoleh skor rata-rata 97,10% atau pada kategori “sangat baik”. (3) Peningkatan prestasi belajar kognitif siswa setelah mengikuti proses pembelajaran menggunakan media KIT kemagnetan meningkat sebesar 38,03%. Peningkatan motivasi dan aktivitas belajar siswa pada proses pembelajaran menggunakan media KIT kemagnetan hasil pengembangan sebesar 9,17% dan 16,60%.