bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dimensions of Pathophysiology of COVID 19 on the Body Systems and Its Implication for Investigations, Treatment and Further Studies
Authors: Opoku Albert , Antwi Joseph Sarfo , Danso Joana Owusu , Mensah Olivia Nyarko , Baffoe - Sarpong Kofi , Boakye Yiadom Abdul Karim , Amoah Owusu Nicholas , Twene Prince , Mensah Ransford Sarfo
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The 2019–20 coronavirus pandemic is a continuing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), result in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). By May 27th, 2020, over 5.61 million people have been infected with COVID 19 across the globe in over 200 countries with more than 350,000 deaths. So far more than 2.3 million people have recovered from the COVID 19 pandemic.

Objective: To review literatures associated with various pathophysiology on the body systems identified and published so as to guide effective management of patient with COVID 19. To highlight some pathological dimensions of the systems significantly affected by COVID 19 to identify gaps for the enhancement of further studies.

Methodology: The LILACS-BIREME, SCIELO, PUBMED, ACADEMIA, SCIENCE DOMAIN databases and some textbooks were accessed for the study. Scientific papers published in English between January and May, 2020 on the pathophysiology of COVID 19 were reviewed. A total of 89 reports published between 1st January 2020 to 29th May 2020 were identified and reviewed. Sixty-seven publications meeting the inclusion criterion on COVID 19 pathophysiology were selected for this review. Finally, an analysis was conducted and the papers were assessed in agreement with the study objectives.

Results and Discussion: The review has discovered different pathophysiological changes on about seven body systems namely respiratory, cardiovascular, hematological, nervous, urinary, digestive and reproductive systems.

Conclusion: There are a lot of pathophysiological dimensions that have devastating effect on the body systems which may need immediate investigations, treatment and further studies.
Naturalism, Ethical
Authors: Dowell J. L.
Published: July 2020

Some philosophers see ethical naturalism as a metaphysical thesis concerning the nature of moral properties. Others see it as a methodological thesis constraining moral theory choice to those that can be given empirical support. Here I begin with an overview of the various proposals on offer for characterizing naturalism and provide a sketch and brief defense of my own. The view I advocate is partly metaphysical and partly methodological. A naturalist ethical theory is one on which moral properties, if such there be, are natural properties, where natural properties are those that not “over and above” those posited by ideal scientific theories. I then turn to a brief survey of arguments for and against ethical naturalism in the sense reserved below, closing with a brief discussion of Philippa Foot's theory of natural goodness.
Fuller, Lon L.
Authors: Walton Kevin
Published: July 2020

Lon L. Fuller was one of the leading theorists of law of the twentieth century. He is best known for his debate about the relationship between law and morality with H. L. A. Hart. In his jurisprudential work, Fuller studies the values that he considers implicit in various legal processes. He claims that the enactment and application of legislation has an internal morality and that this morality consists of eight principles. In his view, officials should aim to comply with these principles and, indeed, are obligated to comply with them to a certain extent. According to Fuller, if officials’ compliance falls below the requisite level, the regime to which they belong ceases to be a legal one. Hence, he might be described as a natural lawyer, albeit an unusual one of a procedural kind. Discussion of the morality of the principles continues.
Recent Advances in Organocatalyst‐Mediated Benzannulation Reactions
Authors: Wu Lulu , Yu Bing , Li Er‐Qing
Published: July 2020

Aromatic compounds are omnipresent in organic chemistry, which are the broadest skeletons of bioactive molecules, medicines, and materials. Due to their importance, conventional methods to assemble aromatic rings have attracted considerable attention. The direct formation of benzene cores from readily available acyclic precursors offers a highly versatile and superior approach to prepare both small organic molecules and sophisticated natural products. Recently, organocatalyst‐mediated annulation reaction, including phosphine‐, tertiary amine‐, secondary amine‐, primary amine‐, and NHC‐mediated benzannulation reactions, is considered as an efficient method to access multi‐substituted arenes. In this review, we will emphasize the selected examples of organocatalyst‐mediated benzannulation reactions of available acyclic precursors for the construction of diverse aromatics.

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Assessment of the Performance of Optimally Tuned Range‐Separated Hybrid Functionals for Nuclear Magnetic Shielding Calculations
Authors: Prokopiou Georgia , Autschbach Jochen , Kronik Leeor
Published: July 2020

The performance of optimally tuned range‐separated hybrid (OT‐RSH) functional calculations in predicting accurate isotropic nuclear magnetic shielding (σ) and chemical shift values is examined. To that end, the results of OT‐RSH and other approximate density functional theory calculations are assessed against recently published benchmark CCSD(T) calculations for a test set consisting of several molecules and bond types. It is found that for atoms in single bonds with a large paramagnetic contribution to σ, OT‐RSH offers a significant improvement in prediction of shielding constants over popular semi‐local and hybrid density functionals, yielding non‐empirical results that are as accurate as those of semi‐empirical density functionals often used for prediction of shielding constants. This success is attributed to the improved fundamental gap prediction of the OT‐RSH approach. For atoms in multiple bonds, however, larger errors often persist. By comparing OT‐RSH and recently reported double‐hybrid functional results, the remaining difficulties are traced to significant non‐local correlation.
Proximity‐Effect‐Induced Superconductivity in Nb/Sb2Te3‐Nanoribbon/Nb Junctions
Authors: Zhang Jinzhong , Jalil Abdur Rehman , Tse Pok‐Lam , Kölzer Jonas , Rosenbach Daniel , Valencia Helen , Luysberg Martina , Mikulics Martin , Panaitov Gregory , Grützmacher Detlev , Hu Zhigao , Lu Jia Grace , Schäpers Thomas
Published: July 2020

Nanohybrid superconducting junctions using antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) topological insulator nanoribbons and Nb superconducting electrodes are fabricated using electron beam lithography and magnetron sputtering. The effects of bias current, temperature, and magnetic field on the transport properties of the junctions in a four‐terminal measurement configuration are investigated. Two features are observed. First, the formation of a Josephson weak‐link junction. The junction is formed by proximity‐induced areas in the nanoribbon right underneath the inner Nb electrodes which are connected by the few tens of nanometers short Sb2Te3 bridge. At 0.5 K a critical current of 0.15 µA is observed. The decrease of the supercurrent with temperature is explained in the framework of a diffusive junction. Furthermore, the Josephson supercurrent is found to decrease monotonously with the magnetic field indicating that the structure is in the small‐junction limit. As a second feature, a transition is also observed in the differential resistance at larger bias currents and larger magnetic fields, which is attributed to the suppression of the proximity‐induced superconductive state in the nanoribbon area underneath the Nb electrodes.
Degradation of Structurally Defined Graphene Nanoribbons by Myeloperoxidase and the Photo‐Fenton Reaction
Authors: Luan Xiangfeng , Martín Cristina , Zhang Pengfei , Li Qian , Vacchi Isabella Anna , Delogu Lucia Gemma , Mai Yiyong , Bianco Alberto
Published: July 2020

As an emerging member of the graphene family, structurally defined graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) have shown promising applications in various fields. The evaluation of the degradability of GNRs is particularly important for assessing the persistence level and risk of these materials in living organisms and the environment. However, there is a void in the study of the degradation of GNRs. Here, we report the degradation behavior of GNRs in the presence of human myeloperoxidase (hMPO) or treated with the photo‐Fenton (PF) reaction. With the assistance of potassium hydroxide or imidazole, which facilitates the dispersion of GNRs in the aqueous solution, GNRs underwent only partial degradation after 25‐hour incubation with hMPO, while, the PF reaction degraded GNRs almost completely after 120 hours. These results indicate that structurally precise GNRs can be efficiently degraded under suitable conditions, providing more opportunities for future applications in different fields.
Isothermal by Design: Comparison with an Established Isothermal Nucleation Kinetics Analysis Method
Authors: Kaskiewicz Peter L. , Turner Thomas D. , Warren Nicholas J. , Morton Colin , Dowding Peter J. , George Neil , Roberts Kevin J.
Published: July 2020

The nucleation kinetics of the alpha form of p‐aminobenzoic acid from ethanolic and aqueous solutions is examined through a comparative examination of temperature‐jump and anti‐solvent drown‐out isothermal crystallization methodologies. Analysis of the data reveals the measured induction times, and the calculated effective interfacial tensions as a function of the supersaturation show broadly equivalent behavior for the aqueous‐ethanol mixed‐solvent drown‐out and temperature‐jump ethanol solution systems, confirming the comparability of the two methodologies. The results also demonstrate poorer agreement with the temperature‐jump pure aqueous system, highlighting the importance of the strength of solvation/desolvation as the key rate‐limiting process for the overall nucleation behavior.
Enhancement of Ion Pairing of Sr(II) and Ba(II) Salts by a Tritopic Ion‐Pair Receptor in Solution
Authors: Kutus Bence , Zhu Jun , Luo Jian , Wang Qi‐Qiang , Lupan Alexandru , Attia Amr A. A. , Wang De‐Xian , Hunger Johannes
Published: July 2020

Tritopic ion‐pair receptors can bind bivalent salts in solution; yet, these salts have a tendency to form ion‐pairs even in the absence of receptors. The extent to which such receptors can enhance ion pairing has however remained elusive. Here, we study ion pairing of M2+ (Ba2+, Sr2+) and X− (I−, ClO4−) in acetonitrile with and without a dichlorooxacalix[2]arene[2]triazine‐related receptor containing a pentaethylene‐glycol moiety. We find marked ion association already in receptor‐free solutions. When present, most of the MX+ ion‐pairs are bound to the receptor and the overall degree of ion association is enhanced due to coordinative, hydrogen‐bonding, and anion‐π interactions. The receptor shows higher selectivity for iodides but also stabilizes perchlorates, despite the latter are often considered as weakly coordinating anions. Our results show that ion‐pair binding is strongly correlated to ion pairing in these solutions, thereby highlighting the importance of taking ion association in organic solvents into account.
Ecological niche models display nonlinear relationships with abundance and demographic performance across the latitudinal distribution of Astragalus utahensis (Fabaceae)
Authors: Baer Kathryn C. , Maron John L.
Published: July 2020

The potential for ecological niche models (ENMs) to accurately predict species' abundance and demographic performance throughout their geographic distributions remains a topic of substantial debate in ecology and biogeography. Few studies simultaneously examine the relationship between ENM predictions of environmental suitability and both a species' abundance and its demographic performance, particularly across its entire geographic distribution. Yet, studies of this type are essential for understanding the extent to which ENMs are a viable tool for identifying areas that may promote high abundance or performance of a species or how species might respond to future climate conditions. In this study, we used an ensemble ecological niche model to predict climatic suitability for the perennial forb Astragalus utahensis across its geographic distribution. We then examined relationships between projected climatic suitability and field‐based measures of abundance, demographic performance, and forecasted stochastic population growth (λs). Predicted climatic suitability showed a J‐shaped relationship with A. utahensis abundance, where low‐abundance populations were associated with low‐to‐intermediate suitability scores and abundance increased sharply in areas of high predicted climatic suitability. A similar relationship existed between climatic suitability and λs from the center to the northern edge of the latitudinal distribution. Patterns such as these, where density or demographic performance only increases appreciably beyond some threshold of climatic suitability, support the contention that ENM‐predicted climatic suitability does not necessarily represent a reliable predictor of abundance or performance across large geographic regions.
Label‐free Immunosensor for the Determination of Microcystin‐LR in Water
Authors: Almeida de Oliveira Rávila , Zanato Nicole , Cruz Vieira Iolanda
Published: July 2020

This paper describes the development of a label‐free electrochemical immunosensor based on polyethyleneimine‐stabilized magnetite nanoparticles (MGNnP‐PEI) for the determination of microcystin‐LR (MC‐LR). MGNnP‐PEI was immobilized on the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) surface and employed as a platform for anchorage of the anti‐MC‐LR. Hydroquinone in solution was used as a redox probe. After optimization, the immunosensor exhibited a linear response to MC‐LR concentrations in the range of 0.1 to 500 ng mL−1 with a calculated detection limit of 0.053 ng mL−1. The immunosensor was satisfactorily applied in the quantification of MC‐LR in a water sample collected from a freshwater lagoon.
Electrochemical Study of Gold Microelectrodes Modified with PEDOT to Quantify Uric Acid in Milk Samples
Authors: Motshakeri Mahsa , Phillips Anthony R. J. , Travas‐Sejdic Jadranka , Kilmartin Paul A.
Published: July 2020

A gold microelectrode (10 μm diameter) with an electropolymerized layer of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) was used to quantify uric acid and investigate the antioxidant profile of milk and flavored milks. Comparisons were made with a bare gold microelectrode and a PEDOT‐glassy carbon macroelectrode (3 mm diameter). Two different electropolymerization processes were undertaken in an aqueous and an organic solution, and superior polymer growth was observed for PEDOT polymerized in lithium perchlorate/propylene carbonate. In the presence of a ferri/ferrocyanide redox couple, diffusion‐controlled redox peaks were observed with the PEDOT‐gold microelectrode rather than the plateau current typical of a bare microelectrode. Likewise, an anodic peak for uric acid was observed at the high surface‐area PEDOT‐gold microelectrode, with evidence for pre‐adsorption of uric acid at the electrode. The linear concentration range for uric acid standards was from 6 to 200 μM, and the limit of detection, limit of quantification, and sensitivity were determined to be 7 μM, 24 μM, and 397 μAμM−1cm2, respectively. Cyclic voltammograms of chocolate and espresso flavored milks exhibited significant contributions from the phenolic compounds present. Peak separation was more clearly defined using the PEDOT‐microelectrode compared to a PEDOT‐glassy carbon macroelectrode.
Standardization as an Instrument to Accelerate the Development of Stable Emerging Photovoltaic Technologies—The IEC TS 62876‐2‐1:2018—Technical Specification for the Stability Testing of Photovoltaic Devices Enabled by Nanomaterials
Authors: Hauch Jens Andreas , Brabec Christoph Joseph , Fabricius Norbert , Bergholz Werner
Published: July 2020

For new photovoltaic (PV) technologies the improvement and quantification of stability is a significant challenge. Accelerated aging tests are usually applied to shorten development times. While many of these tests exist, there is no standard that can serve as a guideline for choosing relevant tests and applying them correctly to achieve comparability between results. With the IEC TS 62876‐2‐1:2018 for the first time, a standard has been developed which defines the most significant testing protocols for stability. This standard is designed especially for third‐generation PV technologies that utilize nanomaterials but may be applied to any other new PV technologies as well. The standard defines the relevant stresses, recommends values for testing, defines seven standard tests, and provides reporting requirements for documentation. As a stability criterion the time t80, the time it takes for a measured efficiency of a device to reach 80% of the initial efficiency during the testing, is applied. A wide adoption of the tests outlined in the IEC TS 62876 significantly shortens development times and decreases the time to market for emerging PV technologies.
Evaluation of hydrogen production by molecular fragmentation of water and ammonia using the αFe2‐xMxO3 (M = Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) as photoanodes
Authors: Januário de Melo Edilailsa , Santos da Silva José Izaquiel , Pereira Marcio César , Alves de Oliveira Luiz Carlos , dos Santos Lucrécio Fabio , Fabris José Domingos , Nunhez José Roberto
Published: July 2020

Hydrogen production from water splitting is a widely used technique and hematite is one of the most used semiconductors in these processes due to its favorable characteristics such as: adequate band gap, visible light absorption, high chemical stability, abundance in nature, among others. Research on hydrogen fuel production from ammonia instead of water is still very limited. Ammonia is a contaminant normally found in wastewater and annualy tons of ammonia or effluents containing this contaminant are thrown into the environment, making it an ideal reagent to produce hydrogen in a clean environmental process. Based on this knowledge, this work proposes the comparison of the photoelectrochemical performance of hematite doped with structural cations (zinc, copper, cobalt, and nickel) in the molecular fragmentation of water and ammonia to produce hydrogen. A structural characterization of the materials used and tests for PEC activity were performed. Pure hematite doped with ammonia as a substrate presented higher electrical current and it was not activated by visible light. When under visible light hematite‐Co presented a discrete increase in the electrical current and, consequently, a small increase in the hydrogen production from water, whereas in the tests with ammonia, the copper‐doped hematite was responsible for a slight increase in the electrical current.
A data privacy protection scheme for Internet of things based on blockchain
Authors: Gong Jing , Mei Yurong , Xiang Feng , Hong Hanshu , Sun Yibo , Sun Zhixin
Published: July 2020

In recent years, the Internet of things (IoT) equipment has grown rapidly, and the scale of the IoT has also expanded. The IoT is deployed in the system in a centralized manner. At the same time that massive data has put a certain amount of pressure on the storage, the open network environment has not fully protected the privacy of the IoT data, which has become one of the important factors restricting the development of the IoT. Blockchain is a point‐to‐point distributed ledger technology based on cryptographic algorithms. The characteristics of decentralization, tamper resistance, anonymity, and public verifiability can alleviate data security issues in IoT. Ring signature and proxy reencryption are common encryption technologies in the field of privacy protection. Therefore, this article combines blockchain technology with ring signature and proxy reencryption to propose a privacy protection solution for the IoT. Through this solution, the data authorized for sharing in the IoT is transmitted in the system in the form of ciphertext, the identity information of the data sender is protected, and the distributed ledger eases the pressure of mass data storage on a centralized server. The correctness and safety of the proposed scheme are also analyzed.
Introduction: Psychotherapy through the lens of cinema
Authors: Geller Jesse D.
Published: July 2020

The primary aim of this issue of the Journal of Clinical Psychology: In Session is to demonstrate the myriad ways in which movies, their viewing and discussion, can be used to serve therapeutic and educational purposes. It collects together eight essays, an empirical study, and a film script that offer shifting perspectives on questions that are of interest to all therapists, irrespective of their theoretical persuasions: What can be learned about the transformative powers of psychotherapy by studying how filmmakers inspire deeply felt and memorable experiences in their audiences? What are the beneficial and detrimental effects of the ways in which psychotherapists and their patients have been portrayed in films and TV programs? What psychological functions can be served by recommending that a patient watch a particular film? When is it advisable to inquire about the characters in films who have served as the role models that played an important role in the formation of a patient's sense of self? Can films that portray what is best about human beings inspire life‐changing forms of imitative learning? What roles can the viewing and discussion of films play in the education of therapists?
Excavating SARS‐coronavirus 2 genome for epitope‐based subunit vaccine synthesis using immunoinformatics approach
Authors: Chauhan Varun , Rungta Tripti , Rawat Manmeet , Goyal Kapil , Gupta Yash , Singh Mini P.
Published: July 2020

Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome‐coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) in December 2019 in China, there has been an upsurge in the number of deaths and infected individuals throughout the world, thereby leading to the World Health Organization declaration of a pandemic. Since no specific therapy is currently available for the same, the present study was aimed to explore the SARS‐CoV‐2 genome for the identification of immunogenic regions using immunoinformatics approach. A series of computational tools were applied in a systematic way to identify the epitopes that could be utilized in vaccine development. The screened‐out epitopes were passed through several immune filters, such as promiscuousity, conservancy, antigenicity, nonallergenicity, population coverage, nonhomologous to human proteins, and affinity with human leukocyte antigen alleles, to screen out the best possible ones. Further, a construct comprising 11 CD4, 12 CD8, 3 B cell, and 3 interferon‐γ epitopes, along with an adjuvant β‐defensin, was designed in silico, resulting in the formation of a multiepitope vaccine. The in silico immune simulation and population coverage analysis of the vaccine sequence showed its capacity to elicit cellular, humoral, and innate immune cells and to cover up a worldwide population of more than 97%. Further, the interaction analysis of the vaccine construct with Toll‐like receptor 3 (immune receptor) was carried out by docking and dynamics simulations, revealing high affinity, constancy, and pliability between the two. The overall findings suggest that the vaccine may be highly effective, and is therefore required to be tested in the lab settings to evaluate its efficacy.
Maternal separation affects the electrophysiological properties of Aδ‐fibres and nociceptive behaviours in male and female mice
Authors: Paniagua Nancy , Girón Rocío , Goicoechea Carlos , Martín‐Fontelles Mª Isabel , Bagues Ana
Published: July 2020

Aim

Early life adverse effects have been associated with an increased risk of suffering pain syndromes in adulthood. Although animal models are of great importance to study modifications of pain sensitivity, up to date the results obtained are contradicting due to the varied methodologies used. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to characterise, as a whole, possible modifications in visceral and somatic nociceptive responses in male and female ICR mice, submitted to two different protocols of maternal separation (MS), and possible modifications in the electrophysiological properties of peripheral nociceptive Aδ‐primary afferents.

Main methods

Male and female mice were submitted to 3 or 4–8 hr of daily MS from postnatal day (PND) 2–17 and early weaned. On PND 67 von Frey, hot plate and writhing tests were performed. Afterwards electrophysiological recordings were carried out, using the in vitro skin‐saphenous nerve preparation in males.

Key findings

The short separation protocol of MS did not modify nociceptive sensitivity; but when mice were separated from their dams for the long separation, mechanical pain thresholds were modified in male and female mice and visceral nociception was increased in female mice. Electrophysiological recordings showed that cutaneous Aδ‐fibres were sensitised and their mechanotransduction properties were altered in both MS protocols.

Significance

Although MS increases the activity and the mechanosensitivity of cutaneous Aδ‐afferent fibres at both short and long periods of separation, only the longer interval of time induces nociceptive sensitivity alterations during adulthood. These results highlight the possible influence of a stress free environment during childhood to reduce nociceptive alterations in adulthood.
Comparative foliar anatomical and pollen morphological studies of Acanthaceae using light microscope and scanning electron microscope for effective microteaching in community
Authors: Raza Jamil , Ahmad Mushtaq , Zafar Muhammad , Athar Mohammad , Sultana Shazia , Majeed Salman , Yaseen Ghulam , Imran Muhammad , Nazish Moona , Hussain Amir
Published: July 2020

In this study, foliar anatomy and pollen morphology of 10 species of Acanthaceae has been investigated using light and scanning electron microscopy. The study was aimed to highlight the role of microscopy in microteaching at community for proper characterization of plants using palyno‐anatomical characters including pollen type, exine sculpturing, shape of epidermal cells, pattern of anticlinal wall, type and size of stomata, and trichome. Most of the species have polygonal cell shapes but some species have irregular, tetragonal, and pentagonal shape of epidermal cells. The largest epidermal cell length on adaxial and abaxial surface were observed in Asystasia gangetica 66.95 and 87.40 μm whereas least was observed on adaxial surface in Justicia adhatoda 36.9 μm and on abaxial surface in Barleria cristata 35.65 μm. In anatomy, species have diacytic type of stomata, whereas stomata of paracytic type observed in two species, while in A. gangetica cyclocytic type of stomata are present. Quantitively on abaxial surface, largest stomata length 29.9 μm and width 24.30 μm was noted in B. cristata. While shortest stomata length was observed in Ruellia prostrata 25.95 μm whereas minimum width of stomata was examined in Barleria acanthoides 2.05 μm. The diversity of trichomes are present in all species except in Ruellia brittoniana. Acanthaceae can be characterized by exhibiting different pollen morphology having five types of pollen shapes, prolate, spheroidal, perprolate, subprolate, and oblate spheroidal. Exine peculiarities showing variations such as reticulate, granulate, coarsely reticulate, lophoreticulate, perforate tectate, and granulate surface were examined.
A thematic analysis of health information technology use among cancer genetic counselors
Authors: Allen Caitlin G. , Ritchie Jordon B. , Morrison Heath , Lauzon Steven D. , Nichols Michelle , Schiffman Joshua D. , Hughes Halbert Chanita , Welch Brandon M.
Published: July 2020

As precision medicine becomes a mainstay in health care, the use of health information technology (IT) platforms will play an important role in the delivery of services across the cancer care continuum. Currently, there is both limited understanding about perceptions of health IT tools and barriers to their use among cancer genetic counselors. We assessed open‐ended responses from a survey conducted among 128 board‐certified cancer genetic counselors in the United States. We evaluated the utility of ten health IT tools and perceived barriers to adoption. Responses about characteristics of health IT tools that influence current use (i.e., technology‐specific challenges) were deductively analyzed using the diffusion of innovations (DOI) characteristics. Responses about cancer genetic counselors' perceived challenges to adopting health IT tools (i.e., discipline‐specific challenges) were inductively coded using a thematic approach. DOI innovation characteristics included mixed perceptions about the relative advantage, complexity, compatibility, trialability, and observability of tools based on the type of tool and perceived end‐user. One‐third of participants indicated that they were considering adopting or switching health IT tools. Common barriers to adoption included no perceived need for change, lack of organizational infrastructure, cost, and lack of decision‐making power. Our findings indicate that addressing barriers to use and adoption of health IT may allow for expansion of these tools among cancer genetic counselors. Integrating health IT is critical for enhancing cancer genetic counselors’ capacity to address patient needs and realizing the potential of precision medicine.
Clinical exacerbation of SARS‐CoV2 infection after fingolimod withdrawal
Authors: Gomez‐Mayordomo Victor , Montero‐Escribano Paloma , Matías‐Guiu Jordi A. , González‐García Nuria , Porta‐Etessam Jesús , Matías‐Guiu Jorge
Published: July 2020

The role of disease‐modifying therapies in patients with autoimmune disorders during severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV2) infection is controversial. Immunocompromised patients could have a more severe coronavirus disease‐2019 (COVID‐19) due to the absence of an adequate immune response against the SARS‐CoV‐2. However, therapies that act on immune response could play a protective role by dampening the cytokine‐release syndrome. Fingolimod is a drug used for immune therapy in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) through the sequestration of activated lymphocytes in the lymph nodes. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old man with relapsing‐remitting MS treated with fingolimod that showed a reactivation of COVID‐19 with signs of hyperinflammation syndrome after fingolimod withdrawal. Our case suggests that discontinuation of fingolimod during COVID‐19 could imply a worsening of SARS‐CoV2 infection.
Early use of tocilizumab in the prevention of adult respiratory failure in SARS‐CoV‐2 infections and the utilization of interleukin‐6 levels in the management
Authors: Antony Suresh J. , Davis Michelle A. , Davis Monique G. , Almaghlouth Nouf K. , Guevara Roberto , Omar Fahad , Del Rey Fernando , Hassan Ali , Arian Muhammad U. , Antony Nishaal , Prakash Bharat V.
Published: July 2020

Respiratory failure in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection appears related to cytokine release syndrome that often results in mechanical ventilation (MV). We investigated the role of tocilizumab (TCZ) on interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) trends and MV in patients with SARS‐CoV‐2. In this longitudinal observational study, 112 patients were evaluated from 1 February to 31 May 2020. TCZ was administered followed by methylprednisolone to patients with >3L oxygen requirement and pneumonia severity index score ≤130 with computed tomography scan changes. IL‐6, C‐reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D‐dimer, and procalcitonin were monitored on days 0, 3, and 6 of therapy. Statistical analyses were performed with significance ≤0.05. Eighty out of 112 SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive patients (45 males, 56.96%; 34 females, 43.04%) were included in this study. Seven patients expired (8.75%) and nine patients required MV (11.25%). Median IL‐6 levels pre‐administration of TCZ was 342.50 (78.25‐666.25) pg/mL compared with post‐administration on day 3 (563; 162‐783) pg/mL (P < .00001). On day 6, the median dropped to 545 (333.50‐678.50) pg/mL compared with day 3 (P = .709). CRP, ferritin, LDH, and D‐dimer levels were reduced after TCZ therapy. Early use of TCZ may reduce the need for MV and decrease CRP, ferritin, LDH, and D‐dimer levels. The sequential use of methylprednisolone for 72 hours seems to potentiate the effect and prolong the suppression of the cytokine storm. IL‐6 levels may be helpful as a prognostic tool.
Determination of levetiracetam in human plasma by online heart‐cutting liquid chromatography: Application to therapeutic drug monitoring
Authors: Önal Cem , Kul Aykut , Ozdemir Murat , Sagirli Olcay
Published: July 2020

Levetiracetam is an antiepileptic drug for the treatment of psychiatric patients. In this study, a selective, straightforward, and rapid online heart‐cutting liquid chromatography method was developed for the therapeutic drug monitoring of levetiracetam. This method allows for the determination of levetiracetam in human plasma without complex sample preparation. The mobile phases consisted of 30 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (70:30) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the first system and 10 mM aq. orthophosphoric acid solution/methanol (55:45) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min for the second system. The first separation was carried out on a GL Sciences Intersil ODS‐3 column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 3 µm) and the second separation was carried out on a Restek Ultra PFPP column (4.6 mm × 150 mm, 5 µm). The detection was carried out at 205 nm for both systems. The method was validated for selectivity and linearity, which were in the 6–60 µg/mL range. Intra‐ and interassay accuracies were <112.6%, and the intra‐ and interassay precisions were <6.4% for all quality control samples. The lower limit of quantitation was 6 µg/mL. The developed method was successfully applied for therapeutic drug monitoring of plasma samples from patients.
Cure or curd: Modification of lipid profiles and cardio‐cerebrovascular events after hepatitis C virus eradication
Authors: Huang Chung‐Feng , Dai Chia‐Yen , Yeh Ming‐Lun , Huang Ching‐I , Lee Hsiang‐Chun , Lai Wen‐Ter , Liang Po‐Cheng , Lin Yi‐Hung , Hsieh Ming‐Yen , Hou Nai‐Jen , Lin Zu‐Yau , Chen Shinn‐Cherng , Huang Jee‐Fu , Chuang Wan‐Long , Yu Ming‐Lung
Published: July 2020

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) eradication deteriorates lipid profiles. Although HCV eradication may reduce the risk of vascular events as a whole, whether deteriorated lipid profiles increases the risk of cardio‐cerebral disease in certain patients is elusive. Serial lipid profiles were measured before, during, at and 3 months after the end of direct‐acting antivirals (DAAs) therapy, and annually thereafter in chronic hepatitis C patients who achieved a sustained virological response (SVR, undetectable HCV RNA at posttreatment week 12). The primary end‐point was the occurrence of the events. A total of 617 patients were included, with a mean follow‐up period of 26.8 months (range: 1‐65 months). The total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels increased significantly from treatment week 4 to 2 years after treatment. Logistic regression analysis revealed that the factors independently associated with a significant cholesterol increase included age (odds ratio [OR]/95% confidence intervals [CIs]:1.02/1.006‐1.039, P = .007) and smoking (OR/CI:3.21/1.14‐9.02, P = .027). Five patients developed cardio‐cerebral diseases during 1376 person‐years follow‐up period. Compared to patients without vascular events, a significantly higher proportion of those with vascular events experienced an LDL‐C surge >40% (80% vs 19.9%, P = .001). Cox‐regression analysis revealed that an LDL‐C surge >40% was the only factor predictive of vascular events (HR/CI: 15.44/1.73‐138.20, P = .014). Dyslipidemia occurred after HCV eradication, and it was associated with the risk of cardio‐cerebrovascular diseases. Attention should also be paid to the extrahepatic consequence beyond liver‐related complications in the post‐SVR era.
A New iPhone Application for Voice Quality Assessment Based on the GRBAS Scale
Authors: Kojima Tsuyoshi , Hasebe Koki , Fujimura Shintaro , Okanoue Yusuke , Kagoshima Hiroki , Taguchi Atsushi , Yamamoto Hirotaka , Shoji Kazuhiko , Hori Ryusuke
Published: July 2020

View Video S1 Laryngoscope, 131:580–582, 2021
Dopamine D1 Receptors Regulate Spines in Striatal Direct‐Pathway and Indirect‐Pathway Neurons
Authors: Suarez Luz M. , Solis Oscar , Sanz‐Magro Adrian , Alberquilla Samuel , Moratalla Rosario
Published: July 2020

Background

Dopamine transmission is involved in the maintenance of the structural plasticity of direct‐pathway and indirect‐pathway striatal projection neurons (d‐SPNs and i‐SPNs, respectively). The lack of dopamine in Parkinson's disease produces synaptic remodeling in both types of SPNs, reducing the length of the dendritic arbor and spine density and increasing the intrinsic excitability. Meanwhile, the elevation of dopamine levels by levodopa recovers these alterations selectively in i‐SPNs. However, little is known about the specific role of the D1 receptor (D1R) in these alterations.

Methods

To explore the specific role of D1R in the synaptic remodeling of SPNs, we used knockout D1R mice (D1R−/−) and wild‐type mice crossed with drd2‐enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) to identify d‐SPNs and i‐SPNs. Corticostriatal slices were used for reconstruction of the dendritic arbors after Lucifer yellow intracellular injection and for whole‐cell recordings in naïve and parkinsonian mice treated with saline or levodopa.

Results

The genetic inactivation of D1R reduces the length of the dendritic tree and the spine density in all SPNs, although more so in d‐SPNs, which also increases their spiking. In parkinsonian D1R−/− mice, the spine density decreases in i‐SPNs, and this spine loss recovers after chronic levodopa.

Conclusions

D1R is essential for the maintenance of spine plasticity in d‐SPNs but also affects i‐SPNs, indicating an important crosstalk between these 2 types of neurons. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Perinatal exposure to maternal obesity: Lasting cardiometabolic impact on offspring
Authors: Kislal Sezen , Shook Lydia L. , Edlow Andrea G.
Published: July 2020

Evidence from epidemiological, clinical, and animal model studies clearly demonstrates that prenatal and lactational maternal obesity and high‐fat diet consumption are associated with cardiometabolic morbidity in offspring. Fetal and offspring sex may be an important effect modifier. Adverse offspring cardiometabolic outcomes observed in the setting of maternal obesity include an increased risk for obesity, features of metabolic syndrome (hypertension, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, increased adiposity), and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. This review article synthesizes human and animal data linking maternal obesity and high‐fat diet consumption in pregnancy and lactation to adverse cardiometabolic outcomes in offspring. We review key mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, pancreatic, liver, and central brain reward programming in obesity‐exposed offspring, and how such malprogramming contributes to offspring cardiometabolic morbidity.
A Deep Learning‐Based Tumor Classifier Directly Using MS Raw Data
Authors: Dong Hao , Liu Yi , Zeng Wen‐Feng , Shu Kunxian , Zhu Yunping , Chang Cheng
Published: July 2020

Since the launch of Chinese Human Proteome Project (CNHPP) and Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), large‐scale mass spectrometry (MS) based proteomic profiling of different kinds of human tumor samples have provided huge amount of valuable data for both basic and clinical researchers. Accurate prediction for tumor and non‐tumor samples, as well as the tumor types has become a key step for biological and medical research, such as biomarker discovery, diagnosis, and monitoring of diseases. The traditional MS‐based classification strategy mainly depends on the identification and quantification results of MS data, which has some inherent limitations, such as the low identification rate of MS data. Here, a deep learning‐based tumor classifier directly using MS raw data is proposed, which is independent of the identification and quantification results of MS data. The potential precursors with intensities and retention times from MS data as input is first detected and extracted. Then, a deep learning‐based classifier is trained, which can accurately distinguish between the tumor and non‐tumor samples. Finally, it is demonstrated the deep learning‐based classifier has a good performance compared with other machine learning methods and may help researchers find the potential biomarkers which are likely to be missed by the traditional strategy.
The Impact of Spin–Orbit Interaction on the Image States of High‐Z Materials
Authors: Braun Jürgen , Ebert Hubert
Published: July 2020

Due to many important technical developments over the past two decades angle‐resolved (inverse) photoemission has become the method of choice to study experimentally the bulk and surface‐related electronic states of solids in the most detailed way. Due to new powerful photon sources as well as efficient analyzers and detectors extremely high energy and angle resolution are achieved nowadays for spin‐integrated and also for spin‐resolved measurements. These developments allow in particular to explore the influence of spin–orbit coupling on image potential states of simple metals like Ir, Pt, or Au with a high atomic number as well as new types of materials as for example topological insulators. Herein, fully relativistic angle‐ and spin‐resolved inverse photoemission calculations are presented that make use of the spin‐density matrix formulation of the one‐step model. This way a quantitative analysis of all occupied and unoccupied electronic features in the vicinity of the Fermi level is achieved for a wide range of excitation energies. Using this approach, in addition, it is possible to deal with arbitrarily ordered but also disordered systems. Because of these features, the one‐step or spectral function approach to photoemission permits detailed theoretical studies on a large variety of interesting solid‐state systems.
X‐Ray Compton Scattering Study of Liquid Sodium at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Matsuda Kazuhiro , Kimura Koji , Hagiya Toru , Kajihara Yukio , Inui Masanori , Hiraoka Nozomu , Tamura Kozaburo , Sakurai Yoshiharu
Published: July 2020

X‐ray Compton scattering measurements using synchrotron radiation are carried out for liquid sodium (Na) from 473 K up to 1273 K. Utilizing the liquid state allows us to realize a continuous density reduction by controlling temperature and pressure. Valence Compton profiles (CPs) clearly exhibit thermodynamic state dependence as the temperature increases. Experimental CPs, CP differences, and electron kinetic energy are compared with those of the electron gas model. Combined with the analysis using the Fourier‐transformed CPs, the observed behaviors can be reasonably explained by the reduction in the electron density with volume expansion of the liquid.
X‐Ray Total Scattering of Electrolytes in Liquid‐Based Fluoride Shuttle Battery: Electrolyte Composition Dependence of the Low‐Q Peak
Authors: Takabayashi Yasuhiro , Kimura Koji , Kawauchi Shigehiro , Nakamoto Hirofumi , Konishi Hiroaki , Celik Kucuk Asuman , Minato Taketoshi , Nakatani Tomotaka , Kiuchi Hisao , Fujinami So , Takekawa Reiji , Abe Takeshi , Hayashi Kouichi
Published: July 2020

X‐ray total scattering is applied to a series of molecular liquids including the CsF salt, which is expected to be a promising electrolyte in fluoride shuttle batteries. These electrolytes are composed of solvent molecules and addition agents (AAs), together with CsF. Tetraglyme (G4) or γ‐butyrolactone (GBL) is used as a solvent molecule, and lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI), triphenylboroxine (TPhBX), or lithium bis(oxaloto)borate (LiBOB) as an AA. It is found that an additional peak appears on the low‐Q side of the main peak by the addition of LiFSI, LiTFSI, or TPhBX to the solvent, which indicates that correlation between cation and anion molecules is induced by these AAs. Furthermore, the position and the intensity of this peak are changed by the addition of the CsF salt, suggesting the modification of the correlation in the presence of the Cs+ and F− ions.
Spectroscopic, X‐ray Crystal, DFT and In Vitro Analysis of 3‐(2,4‐Dimethoxy‐3‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl) Acrylic Acid
Authors: Rather Zubaid‐ul‐khazir , Banday Javid A. , Chisti Hamida‐Tun‐Nisa
Published: July 2020

7‐Methoxy‐8‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐enyl)‐2‐chromenone (osthol) (OL) was modified to its acid derivative; 3‐(2,4‐Dimethoxy‐3‐(3‐methylbut‐2‐en‐1‐yl)phenyl)acrylic acid (OAD) via base catalysed ring opening mechanism. The structural properties, electronic spectra, single crystal analysis, with the support of density functional theory (DFT), have been investigated extensively. Furthermore, in vitro cell viability was carried out on different cancer cell lines.
Mechanochemical and Conventional Synthesis of Copper(II) Coordination Polymers Bearing Arylhydrazone of Acetoacetanilide and Their Catalytic Activity in Conversion of Acetone to Acetic Acid
Authors: Gurbanov Atash V. , Martins Luísa M. D. R. S. , Kopylovich Maximilian N. , Sutradhar Manas , Zubkov Fedor I. , Mahmudov Kamran T. , Pombeiro Armando J. L.
Published: July 2020

Copper(II) coordination polymers, [Cu(μ2‐HL)]n⋅n(CH3)2C=O (1), [Cu(μ1‐HL)(CH3OH)]n (2) and [Cu(μ1‐HL)(H2O)]n (3) were isolated by recrystallization (in acetone, methanol and dimethylformamide, respectively) of an intermediate produced by a solid state ball milling reaction of CuCl2⋅2H2O with 2‐(2‐(1,3‐dioxo‐1‐(phenylamino)butan‐2‐ylidene)hydrazinyl)benzoic acid (H3L). Reaction under conventional fully solution‐based conditions of CuCl2⋅2H2O with H3L in acetone and dimethylformamide leads to 3, and in methanol to the known monomeric compound [Cu(HL1)(H2O)(CH3OH)] (4). All the coordination polymers 1−3 act as homogenous catalysts for the peroxidative (H2O2) oxidation of acetone to acetic acid with yields up to 50% and at room temperature.
Catalyst‐Free Synthesis of α‐Diazoketones in Water by Microwave Promoted Enaminone C=C Double Bond Cleavage
Authors: Gan Lu , Wei Li , Wan Jie‐Ping
Published: July 2020

The reactions of enaminones with methyl sulfonyl azide providing α‐diazoketones have been realized in pure water by means of microwave irradiation. Besides the green medium and energy source, the reactions benefit additional advantages of sustainability from the totally catalyst‐ and additive‐free conditions. More significantly, the synthesis remarks the first successful application of the featured tandem [3+2] cycloaddition and subsequent ring decomposition of the in situ generated 1,2,3‐triazoline intermediate from enaminones and sulfonyl azide in the synthesis of α‐diazoketones.
Low‐Temperature Crystallization of CsPbIBr2 Perovskite for High Performance Solar Cells
Authors: Zhang Congqiang , Wang Kai , Wang Yulong , Subhani Waqas Siddique , Jiang Xiao , Wang Shimin , Bao Huaxi , Liu Lu , Wan Li , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: July 2020

Inorganic cesium lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have been widely explored due to their outstanding thermal stability and photovoltaic performance. However, the application and development of CsPbIBr2‐based PSCs is still hindered by major challenges such as high fabrication temperature and large voltage loss. To address these difficulties, additive engineering is conducted using n‐butylammonium iodide (BAI). It is found that it not only improves the crystallization and morphology of perovskite layers but also substantially decreases the annealing temperature. In addition, the BAI incorporation decreases trap state density and restrains nonradiative recombination. As such, a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 10.78% is achieved, 21% higher compared with that of the control sample (8.88%). It should be noted that this is particularly high for the CsPbIBr2 PSCs fabricated at low temperatures (<200 °C) that are required for flexible devices based on polymeric substrates.