bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interannual variability of elements of the water balance of the basin of the transboundary river Angrapa
Authors:   Timirâzevskaâ selʹskohozâjstvennaâ akademiâ, NAUMOV V. A. , NELYUBINA E. A.
Published: August 2022

The purpose of this article is to assess the interannual variability of the elements of the water balance of the rivers of the Kaliningrad region for the period 1953-2020 using the example of the Angrapa River. The average annual air temperature and precipitation were determined by the weighted average method for 7 weather stations in the basin. The Ozersk weather station (from Russian points) with the highest correlation coefficient (r = 0,983) was taken as the base station. Data on average annual water consumption were taken from the Angrapa River hydropost in the village of Berestovo. The missing flow values have been restored by analogous rivers. According to the linear trend, there is a decrease in the average annual runoff, by 20 mm over 120 years. For the period under review (1953-2020.), the linear trend of annual precipitation showed an increase of 21 mm, the annual evaporation layer increased by 82 mm. The values of the annual runoff layer, the total evaporation layer and the moisture reserves in the basin synchronously follow the change in the precipitation layer, both in wet and dry periods. Calculations of the basin’s water balance over the past 10 years have shown a tendency to decrease average annual expenditures against the background of increased precipitation and total evaporation.
Mykhailo Bernov as a Pioneer of Hiking Tourism: Travel through Spain and Algeria (Part II. Algeria. February 1894 – May 1894)
Authors: Andryeyev Vitaliy , Andryeyeva Svitlana , Kariaka Oleksandr
Published: August 2022

This article gives careful consideration to the route of Mykhailo Bernov’s hiking journey through the colonial possessions of France in North Africa in 1894 while he was a correspondent for the Parisian publication «Le Petit Journal». The source basis of the study is his work “Spain, Algeria and the Sahara” (St. Petersburg, 1899) and data from French periodicals (metropolitan and colonial). Attention is paid to Mykhailo Bernov’s perception of the peculiarities of the national character and way of life of the peoples who inhabited the region at the end of the 19th century. In fact, he was faced with the task of overcoming the “barrier of civilization” and he correctly identiﬁed the main “watershed” that should at least try to “cross”. This is religion. Mykhailo Bernov paid great attention to acquaintance with natural objects such as deserts, mountains, Hammam-Meskutin. His visits to the monuments of antiquity – ancient Roman cities (mostly ruins of the late Roman period) – Hipon-Regia near Bonn, near Batna – Lambes and Timgad, a Roman colony on the way to Carthage – are described separately. He calls Timgad “Algerian Pompeii” – the city has survived thanks to the sands, the onset of the desert due to climate change. Mykhailo Bernov noted that the Arab, classical and general ancient monuments in Algeria are in good condition. They are not destroyed specially, not stretched, as in the “South of Russia” for building materials. Bernov carefully captures interethnic contradictions in the cultural, national, political and administrative spheres, in fact, he ignores the ways to solve these problems. Mykhailo Bernov’s contribution to the popularisation of hiking and acquaintance of the general public with the tourist potential of Algeria and partly Tunisia is determined. It is shown that Bernov partially repeats the stamps and uses terminology to denote ethnonyms and social statuses, which have acquired a negative connotation in the modern world. His descriptions of many cultural, archeological and natural sites, which have signiﬁcantly changed their appearance today, can be considered positive.
Impacto de los impuestos al alcohol y prácticas comerciales nocivas en juventudes vulneradas de Latinoamérica
Authors: Rendón Cárdenas Alma Eunice , Martín del Campo Sánchez Raúl
Published: August 2022

Introduction: this article presents an overview of the dynamics of alcohol use, mainly among young people and minors, as well as the tax policies and behaviors of the alcoholic beverage industry in the Americas, with a focus on Brazil, Colombia and particularly Mexico. Objective: to expose the preferences, habits and dynamics of alcohol use among minors and young people; to analyze the access and availability of beverages with high ethyl content and low price in Mexico City; to examine tax policies from a social and public health perspective; to propose recommendations to prevent underage consumption and reduce it in at-risk populations. Method: a qualitative methodology was used through nine focus groups composed of an average of 20 young men and women in areas and situations of high social and economic vulnerability in Mexico, Brazil and Colombia; as well as field verification research in distribution centers and areas of interest for the analysis of the phenomenon. Results: the need to implement a comprehensive and multisectoral solution strategy to carry out the necessary reforms and actions in terms of health, taxes and advertising was identified, in addition to incorporating measures that impact supply and demand, and enforce the prohibition of sales to minors. Discussion and conclusions: it is necessary to rethink alcohol tax policies in some countries of the region; as well as to modify certain regulatory frameworks that limit physical and media exposure to alcohol in young populations.
Aralık değerli Tip-2 bulanık denetleyici ile negatif gerilim çıkışlı Temel Seri Luo çeviricinin denetimi
Authors: GANİ Ahmet
Published: August 2022

Bu çalışmada, sürekli iletim modunda çalışan negatif gerilim çıkışlı temel seri Luo çeviricinin gerilim mod denetimi için aralık değerli tip-2 TSK bulanık denetleyici önerilmiştir. Önerilen denetleyici ile negatif gerilim çıkışlı temel seri Luo çeviricinin dinamik cevabının farklı denetim senaryoları ile iyileştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla ilk olarak negatif gerilim çıkışlı temel seri Luo çeviricinin devre modeli analiz edilmiş ve sürekli iletim modunda çalışma için devre eleman sınır değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Daha sonra önerilen denetim yapısının dinamik performansı referans gerilim değişimi, giriş gerilimi değişimi ve yük değişimi gibi bozuculara karşı Matlab/Simulink benzetim ortamında tip-1 TSK bulanık denetleyici ile karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Benzetim çalışmasından elde edilen karşılaştırmalı sonuçlarda önerilen denetleyicinin tip-1 TSK bulanık denetleyiciye kıyasla daha tatmin edici sonuçlara sahip olduğu görülmüştür.
The factors associated with mental health and the impact of COVID-19
Authors: Linda Martinez , Rebecca Perley , Salim Alani , Henry O’Lawrence
Published: August 2022

The mental health impact caused by COVID-19 on adolescents was reviewed, and due to limited data, adult results were included, to support our assertion that additional mental health resources are needed for both adult and young people. Positive gains would include improved socio-emotional skills, a decrease in maladaptive behaviors contributing to the disruption in interpersonal relationships and lifetime achievements, suicide attempts and psychopathology, persistent mental health concerns found in the juvenile justice and foster care systems and substance use addiction later in adulthood (The American Psychological Association, 2019; Garber & Weersing, 2010; Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, n.d.; Tomasello, 2018;). Geiger & Davis, 2019, found that 13% or 3.2 million United States (U.S.) teenagers aged 12 - 17 years old experienced at least one major depressive episode with the depression rate increasing 59% from 2007 to 2017. Therefore, we assert that developing programs to overcome barriers to mental health aid can reduce instances experienced in adolescence and adulthood.
Uma Visão Pastoral Nova?
Authors: Koop Pedro Paulo
Published: August 2022

Uma Situação Desagradável. — Objetivando desobrigar-me de um imperativo de consciência, assumo o compromisso de refletir acerca do impasse pastoral em que nos encontramos. Nossas Igrejas Particulares (dioceses e prelazias) chegaram ao fim de suas possibilidades para proverem suas Comunidades cristãs dos pastores necessários; a situação se agravará ainda mais num futuro bem próximo. Fala-se muito e pouco se revolve...
Produce feldspar mineral map using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique by hyperspectral image analysis
Authors: Mohammed Mejbel Salih  , Khalid I. Hassoon  , Khalid I. Hassoon  , Mohammed A Almajeed A Alabas  , Samir Saify
Published: August 2022

The analysis of the hyperspectral image is an important method used in mineral detection. A map of the Feldspar mineral will produced for the study area, which lies to the west of the holy province of Karbala and limited in image that download from USGS website (type hyperspectral image from EO-1 satellite) , by using Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) technique in the Erdas software, which is based on calculating the spectral reflection curve of any point on the image and the spectral reflection curve of feldspar mineral that is available in the spectral library of the software. For the purpose of verifying the results of the image analysis, ground truth ( field work ) was used by collecting 12 soil samples and finding the spectral curve for each sample by the spectral analysis device (ASD) and the result show the match between image and ground, where produced Feldspar mineral map.
Evaluation of the fertility of patients after myomectomy in the department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center in Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Timongo Françoise Danielle MILLOGO/TRAORE  , Josué Yannick KABRE  , Edgar OUANGRE
Published: August 2022

Objective: To assess the fertility of patients after myomectomy in the Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics of the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center from September 1, 2014 to August 31, 2018. Patients and methods: This were a retrospective cross-sectional descriptive and analytical exposure study with repeated survey and included patients of childbearing age who had undergone myomectomy during the study period; whose myomectomy is at least six (06) months old; having expressed a desire to become pregnant for at least twelve (12) months according to the definition of infertility; and having given their informed consent to the interview. Results: A total of 102 patients were included in our study. Infertility was primary in 64.71% and secondary in 35.29%. The mean age of the patients was 35.08 ± 5.42 years. Housewives accounted for 37.25%, and married women 66% of patients. After the myomectomy, 44 respondents (43.14%) achieved pregnancy; including 28/66 patients after primary infertility, and 16/36 after secondary infertility. The mean time to conception was 5.63 ± 3.46 months after the start of her postoperative quest. We observed 90.91% live births. Cesarean section was performed in 82.5% of patients and vaginal route in 17.5% of them. The main factors associated with fertility after myomectomy were: young age (p = 0.000), duration of infertility (p = 0.000), normal hysterosalpingography result (p = 0.000) and normal result spermogram of the spouse (p = 0.029). Conclusion: The relationship between myoma and infertility has not been clearly demonstrated. However, based on our results and given the difficulty of accessing ART, it seems lawful to us to offer myomectomy to patients with infertility associated with myomas, especially in patients under 35 years of age. A larger study would better establish the impact of myomectomy on the subsequent fertility of patients.
Pelatihan Respectfull Mind untuk Mengembangkan Karakter Respek Mahasiswa
Authors: Septiana Nila Zaimatus
Published: August 2022

This research is based on social phenomena that occur in the world of education, especially those relating to respect. Respectful mind is one of the ability to think that is important for the future and needs to be developed in the world of education, because it is related to ethical and moral problems and interpersonal relationships. This study aims to test the effectiveness of respectful mind training in developing the character of respect for first-year students. The method used in this research is quantitative with pre-experimental research, research design using one group pretest-posttest. The subjects of this study were first-year students, the subject was taken by using purposive sampling technique. Furthermore, the instruments used in this study include the training manual of respectfull mind and the main measurement instrument is respect questionnaire. Analysis of the data used in this study is a nonparametric statistical test that is Wilcoxon sign rank test. The results showed through statistical tests showed a significance level of 0.005 <0.05 which means that Ho was rejected, and respectfull mind training can improve student’s respect.
Obstetric cholestasis: modern recommendations for diagnosis, treatment, management of pregnancy and childbirth
Authors: Hrytsai I.M. , Husieva A.Ye. , Medved V.I.
Published: August 2022

The article is devoted to the most common liver disease which is associated with pregnancy – obstetric cholestasis. The frequency of this pathology among all liver disorders in pregnant women is almost 27%, second only to viral hepatitis. On average, it is diagnosed in 2–4 cases per 1000 pregnancies. A characteristic feature of obstetric cholestasis is the tendency to the recurrent course in future pregnancies, which is observed in 60–70% of next pregnancies. This disorder usually manifests itself in the II or III trimester of pregnancy. The links of pathogenesis and differential diagnosis of obstetric cholestasis are briefly described in the article, the main attention is paid to laboratory diagnostic markers of the disease, among which the concentration of bile acids in the blood of a pregnant woman is the most important. An increase concentration of bile acids ≥10 μmol/L is currently a main diagnostic criterion for obstetric cholestasis and can stimulate the release of prostaglandins, increase the sensitivity of the myometrium to oxytocin and its contractility, which in 12–44% of cases causes premature birth. Modern recommendations on pregnancy management and childbirth tactics for women with obstetric cholestasis and the main methods of treatment are also presented in the article. Today, for the treatment of cholestatic hepatosis in pregnant women, medicines are used that specifically reduce the phenomena of intrahepatic cholestasis – ursodeoxycholic acid and 5-adenosylmethionine, as well as symptomatic treatment – cholestyramine (or other sequestrants of bile acids), H1-histamine receptors blockers, phenobarbital. Today, the most convincing evidence of effectiveness and safety is the data on ursodeoxycholic acid. This article describes a clinical case of pregnancy in a woman with obstetric cholestasis. The woman used combined oral contraceptives for 10 years to prevent an unwanted pregnancy, which obviously caused the future development of this disease during pregnancy. The patient had timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment. At the 37th week of pregnancy, a vaginal delivery took place. A live female child was born, body weight 3000 g, length 48 cm in satisfactory condition.
JURASSIC STAGE IN THE EVOLUTION OF MESOZOIC SEDIMENTOGENESIS IN THE EASTERN MONGOL-OKHOTSK FOLD SYSTEM
Authors:   Kosygin Institute of Tectonics and Geophysics, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirillova G.L.
Published: August 2022

Using new ideas, the best known sections of Jurassic deposits are described in structural-formational zones along the Mongol-Okhotsk fold system from the Upper Amur to the Sea of Okhotsk. The current ideas about the geology of this region presented in this paper can provide a reliable basis for geodynamic and mineragenetic reconstructions.
Ragam Bahasa Sarkasme Pada Percakapan Remaja Di Desa Kepung Kecamatan Kepung Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Damayanti Ervina
Published: August 2022

Penelitian dengan judul ragam bahasa sarkasme  pada percakapan remaja di Desa kepung, Kecamatan Kepung,  Kabupaten kediri ini termasuk penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa tuturan dari percakapan para remaja di Desa Kepung, Kecamatan Kepung, Kabupaten Kediri.  Teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik simak dan teknik catat. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah model analisis interaktif. Teknik analisis data dilakukan melalui pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat bahasa sarkasme yaitu,  sarkasme dengan bentuk binatang, berkaitan fisik seseorang, penggunaan istilah makhluk astral, bagian tubuh, dan istilah aktivitas yang dilakukan seseorang. Sarkasme dengan istilah aktivitas yang dilakukan seseorang terbagi menjadi, sarkasme yang berkaitan dengan aktivitas makan, minum, tidur, bicara, pergi, dan kata sarkasme berkaitan dengan penggunaan profesi seseorang.

Kata kunci: ragam bahasa, sarkasme, remaja

Abstract

This research with the title of sarcasm  language variety in adolescent conversation in Kepung Village, Kepung Districts, Kediri Regency, includes qualitative descriptive research. The source of the data in this study is in the from of utterances from the conversations of teenagers in the village of Kepung, Kepung District, Regency Kediri. Data collection techniques in the form of listening and note taking techniques. Data analysis techniques are carried out through data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. the results of the study prove that there is sarcasm in the from of an animal related to a person’s physical use of the term astral being, body part and the term activity carried out by a person. Sarcasm with the term activities carried out by someone is divided into sarcasm relating to activities of eating, drinking, sleeping, talking, going, and the use of sarcasm related using one’s profession.

Key words: variety of language,sarcasm, teenager
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Daring (Quizizz, Sway, dan Wordwall) Kelas 5 di SD Muhammadiyah 2 Wonopeti
Authors: Mujahidin Arif Agus , Salsabila Unik Hanifah , Hasanah Aisyah Luthfi , Andani Meti , Aprillia Windy
Published: August 2022

Dalam dunia pendidikan, pemanfaatan berbagai media penunjang pembelajaran tidak dapat dihindarkan lagi. Terutama dalam menghadapi permasalahan sistem pembelajaran di masa pandemi yang belum usai ini. Berubahnya sistem pendidikan yang semula berlangsung secara tatap muka dan kini harus  berubah menggunakan sistem daring, mengharuskan para tenaga pendidik mencari cara untuk membuat pembelajaran agar menjadi lebih asyik dan tidak membosankan. Salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan berbagai media pembelajaran. Seperti halnya yang terjadi pada salah satu Sekolah Dasar di SD Muhammadiyah 2 Wonopeti. Tulisan yang menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan dibantu melalui studi pustaka ini menghasilkan tulisan mengenai berbagai pemanfaatan media pembelajaran daring yang digunakan, seperti dalam pemanfaatan aplikasi Wordwall, Quizizz, Sway, maupun WhatsApp. Meskipun dalam pemanfaatannya terdapat hambatan dan kelemahan, seperti terganggunya sistem jaringan internet, namun pemanfaatan media pembelajaran ini terbukti dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa, menumbuhkan semangat dan jiwa aktifnya, serta terbukti dapat meningkatkan prestasi peserta didik.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) Matematika Berbasis Problem Based Learning Pada Kelas V SD
Authors: Novriani Novriani , Kesumawati Nila , Kuswidyanarko Arief
Published: August 2022

Masalah penelitian ini adalah: 1) Bagaimana kualitas LKPD Matematika berbasis PBL pada kelas V berdasarkan kevalidannya? 2) Bagaimana kualitas LKPD Matematika berbasis PBL pada kelas V berdasarkan kepraktisannya? dan 3) Bagaimana kualitas LKPD Matematika berbasis PBL pada kelas V berdasarkan keefektifannya? Model pengembangan dalam penelitian ini adalah model pengembangan 4D. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi dan metode angket. Teknik analisis data mengggunakan metode kuantitatif untuk memperoleh kevalidan, kepraktisan, dan keefektifan LKPD yang dikembangkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Kevalidan telah dilakukan oleh validator dengan skor mencapai 95,5% dengan kategori sangat valid, 2) Kepraktisan telah dilakukan oleh guru dengan skor mencapai 85% dengan kategori sangat praktis, 3) Keefektifan telah dilakukan oleh peserta didik dengan skor mencapai 89,7% dengan kategori sangat efektif.
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audio Visual Animasi Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Materi IPA
Authors: Nadia Nadia , Wardiah Dessy , Kuswidyanarko Arief
Published: August 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media audio visual animasi terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa. Populasi penelitian SD Negeri 8 Parit TigaÂ  kelas VA dan VB yang berjumlah 2 kelas sebanyak 59 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini True eksperimental Desing dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes. Uji instrumen menggunakan uji validitas, reliabilitas, daya pembeda dan tingkat kesukaran. Uji prasyarat analisis menggunakan uji normalitas dan uji homogenitas. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa penggunaan media audio visual animasi terdapat penggaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa SD Negeri 8 Parit Tiga.
Spillover Effects of Recruiting Teachers for School Turnaround: Evidence From Tennessee
Authors: Kho Adam , Henry Gary T. , Pham Lam D. , Zimmer Ron
Published: August 2022

Many districts and states have implemented incentives to recruit teachers to low-performing schools, and previous research has found evidence that these incentives are effective at attracting teachers. However, effects on the schools and students these teachers leave behind have not been examined. This study focuses on the spillover effects of recruiting effective teachers to Tennessee’s Innovation Zone (iZone) schools. We find the short-term effects of losing these teachers range from −0.04 to −0.12 SDs in student test score gains, with larger negative effects when more effective teachers leave. However, combining both these negative effects in schools teachers leave and the positive effects in iZone schools yields overall net positive effects.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POPULAR NA AMÉRICA LATINA E CARIBE E EDUCAÇÃO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL: INCONGRUÊNCIAS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Alves Pereira Vilmar , Silva Rodrigo Florêncio da , Ramírez-Sánchez Miguel Ysrrael
Published: August 2022

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar os horizontes educacionais da Educação Ambiental Popular (EAP) e da Educação para o Desenvolvimento Sustentável (EDS). Através de uma abordagem hermenêutica, apresenta e discute os fundamentos de cada perspectiva. Uma das conclusões dessa pesquisa bibliográfica é reconhecer a impossibilidade de fundir esses horizontes. Também reconhece a força das políticas neoliberais no alcance dos objetivos das agendas internacionais que, muitas vezes sem aprofundar o debate, oferecem soluções mágicas que não promovem a emancipação. O estudo defende o horizonte da Educação Ambiental Popular (EAP) para a América Latina e o Caribe, considerando um horizonte crítico que problematiza os caminhos colonialistas, reforça a identidade e o pertencimento e se orienta por um projeto coletivo de sociedade muito além da lógica do mercado. Representada nos casos do Brasil e do México, essa educação pode servir de referência para outros contextos em que se busca a transformação da sociedade através da educação.
İktidar İlişkilerine Farklı Yaklaşımlar: Weber, Arendt, Parsons, Dahl, Bachrach Ve Baratz, Lukes, Foucault
Authors: Kurnaz Ahmet , Kara Mustafa
Published: August 2022

İktidar ilişkileri kavramı sadece siyaset biliminde değil sosyal bilimlerin tamamında merkezi bir konuma sahiptir. Kavram, farklı kuramlarda benzer terimlerle açıklansa da bu terimlere yüklenen anlamlar temelden tartışmalı bir zeminde yükselmektedir. İktidarın ne olduğu, nerede olduğu, nasıl işlediği ve hangi sonuçları ürettiğine dair görüşler keskin farklılıklar göstermektedir. Bu çalışmada, mikro ve makro seviyelerde, sınırlayıcı ve üretken iktidar kavramsallaştırmalarında kullanılan güç, kuvvet, şiddet, meşruiyet, otorite, baskı, dominasyon, nüfuz, zorlama, ve manipülasyon gibi terimlerin kurumsalcı ya da davranışsalcı yaklaşımlardaki tanımlarına yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada açıklanan teorisyenler sırasıyla Max Weber, Hannah Arendt, Talcott Parsons, Robert Dahl, Peter Bachrach ve Morton Baratz, Steven Lukes ve Michel Foucault’dur. Çalışma, iktidarın sosyal veya bireysel partiklerden türediğini savunan kuramların farklılıklarına odaklanmıştır. Kuramlardaki farklılıkları gösteren bir başka boyut, iktidarın bireyin ya da sosyal bedenin bir özelliği olduğuna ilişkin kabuldür. İktidarın, aktörlerin çatışmalarında ortaya çıktığını savunan yaklaşımların yanı sıra bir çatışma olmadan manipülasyon yoluyla işleyebileceğini öne sürenler de vardır.
Tác động của chất lượng dịch vụ, giá cả và môi trường nhà hàng đến lòng trung thành khách hàng trong ngành ẩm thực tại TPHCM
Authors: Giao Ha Nam Khanh
Published: August 2022

Mục tiêu của nghiên cứu này là xem xét tác động của chất lượng dịch vụ (Service Quality- SQ), Giá cả hợp lý (Fair Price- FP) và Môi trường nhà hàng (Restaurant Environment- RE) đến Lòng Trung thành khách hàng (Customer Loyalty- LOY), thông qua vai trò trung gian của Sự Thỏa mãn khách hàng (Customer Satisfaction- SAT) trong ngành ẩm thực tại Thành phồ Hồ Chí Minh (TPHCM) sau đại dịch covid-19, bằng việc khảo sát 385 thực khách tại các nhà hàng trung bình và quán bình dân. Mô hình cấu trúc tuyến tính (Structural equation modeling- SEM) được sử dụng. Kết quả cho thấy các nhân tố tác động tích cực đến SAT, sắp theo độ mạnh giảm dần: SQ, RE, và FP, SAT cũng tác động tích cực đến LOY. Bên cạnh đó, SAT đóng vai trò trung gian tích cực giữa SQ, FP, RE, và LOY. Các quản trị viên nhà hàng cần chú ý rằng chất lượng dịch vụ tốt, giá cả hợp lý, môi trường nhà hàng thân thiện và hấp dẫn có thể làm tăng sự thỏa mãn của khách hàng, qua đó làm tăng lòng trung thành khách hàng.
Explaining the description-experience gap in risky decision-making: Learning and memory retention during experience as causal mechanisms
Authors: Haines Nathaniel , Kvam Peter D. , Turner Brandon
Published: August 2022

When making decisions based on probabilistic outcomes, people guide their behavior using knowledge gathered through both indirect descriptions and direct experience. Paradoxically, how people obtain information significantly impacts apparent preferences. A ubiquitous example is the description-experience gap: individuals seemingly overweight low probability events when probabilities are described yet underweight them when probabilities must be experienced firsthand. A leading explanation for this fundamental gap in decision-making is that probabilities are weighted differently when learned through description relative to experience, yet a formal theoretical account of the mechanism responsible for such weighting differences remains elusive. Here, we demonstrate how various learning and memory retention models incorporating neuroscientifically-motivated learning mechanisms can explain why probability weighting and valuation parameters are often found to vary across description and experience. In a simulation study, we show how learning through experience can lead to systematically biased estimates of probability weighting when using a traditional cumulative prospect theory model. We then use hierarchical Bayesian modeling and Bayesian model comparison to show how various learning and memory retention models capture participants’ behavior over and above changes in outcome valuation and probability weighting, accounting for description and experience-based decisions in a within-subject experiment. We conclude with a discussion of how substantive models of psychological processes can lead to insights that heuristic, statistical models fail to capture.
Primacy and recency during spatial-cueing
Authors: Nevado Angel , del Castillo-Olivares Marina
Published: August 2022

The order in which we receive information influences judgments such as impression formation. We investigated order effects at more primary level, with a spatial cueing paradigm. Two central arrows predicted, with the same validity (75%), where a target would appear. In double cue blocks more weight was given to the second arrow, as indicated by faster (M = 17.04 ms, p = .0034) responses by the participants (N = 31), when only the second cue was valid, as compared to when only the first cue was valid. This recency effect signals a deviation from the optimal strategy of assigning the same weight to the equally reliable cues, and suggests that the most recent cue was erroneously deemed to be more up to date. A second result was that, in blocks where the target could be preceded by either one or two cues there was an increase in the weight given to the first cue, as compared to the double cue block, indicating a shift towards primacy (M = 14.05 ms, p = .0098). This suggests that the response strategy tries to balance speed and accuracy. Finally, participants with low need for cognition scores showed stronger recency effects than their high need for cognition counterparts (r(30) = -.52, p = .0048). The former may process information more superficially, and resort to the most accessible cue, which could be the most recent one. More generally, the relationship between a basic task and higher-order tests suggests that primary paradigms may help understand more elaborate judgments.
Multi-trial Free Recall for Evaluating Memory
Authors: Ricardo Adrogue T. , Herz Noa , Halpern David , Tracy Joseph , Kahana Michael J.
Published: August 2022

Objective: Much of our knowledge concerning the neural basis of human memory derives from lab-based verbal recall tasks. Outside of the lab, clinicians use validated and normed neuropsychological tests to assess patients' memory function and to evaluate clinical interventions. Here we sought to establish the clinical validity of multi-trial free recall of semantically organized and unrelated word lists. Methods: We compared memory performance in multi-trial free recall tasks with the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Task (RAVLT) and the California Verbal Learning Task (CVLT), two common neuropsychological tests aimed at evaluating memory function in clinical settings. We compared predictive validity between the tasks by (a) evaluating deficits in a patient sample, (b) examining age-related declines in memory. We also compared test-retest reliability, convergent validity and the emergence of common recall dynamics between the tasks. Results: We demonstrate that both laboratory free recall tasks have better predictive validity, as well as test-retest reliability, than the established neuropsychological tests. We further show that all tasks have good convergent validity and reveal core memory processes, including temporal and semantic organization, but we demonstrate the benefits of repeated trials for evaluating the dynamics of memory search and their neuropsychological sequelae. Conclusion: The results provide evidence for the clinical validity of lab-based multi-trial free recall tasks and highlight their psychometric benefits over neuropsychological measures. Based on these results, we discuss the need to bridge the gap between clinical understanding of putative mechanisms underlying memory disorders and neuroscientific findings obtained using lab-based free recall tasks.
Combinatorial thought in infancy: Language processing reveals conceptual combination
Authors: Pomiechowska Barbara , Brody Gabor , Téglás Ernő , Kovács Ágnes Melinda
Published: August 2022

The unparalleled productivity of the human mind rests on our ability to combine a finite set of simple representations into an infinity of complex thoughts, a process often implemented in language. To investigate the developmental origins of combinatorial thought, we tested whether infants combine concepts linked to words they have just acquired. Across three eye-trackingexperiments, 12-month-olds (N = 60) learned two novel quantity labels (e.g., “mize” for 1; “padu” for 2 items), and combined them with familiar nouns (e.g., “duck”) to identify referents of quantified noun phrases (e.g., “padu duck”) in an adult-like manner. Thus, combinatorial processes for setting up complex representations are available already in infancy and may support building complex models of experience for learning and language development.
Generalizing across tonal context, timbre, and octave in rapid absolute pitch training
Authors: Bongiovanni Noah , Heald Shannon , Nusbaum Howard , Van Hedger Stephen Charles
Published: August 2022

Absolute pitch (AP) is the rare ability to name any musical note without the use of a reference note. Given that genuine AP representations are based on the identification of isolated notes by their tone chroma, they are considered to be invariant to (1) surrounding tonal context, (2) changes in instrumental timbre, and (3) changes in octave register. However, there is considerable variability in the literature in terms of how AP is trained and tested along these dimensions, making recent claims about AP learning difficult to assess. Here, we examined the effect of tonal context on participant success with a single-note identification training paradigm, including how learning generalized to an untested instrument and octave. We found that participants were able to rapidly learn to distinguish C from other notes, with and without feedback and regardless of the tonal context in which C was presented. Participants were also able to partly generalize this skill to an untrained instrument. However, participants displayed the weakest generalization in recognizing C in a higher octave. The results indicate that participants were likely attending to pitch height in addition to pitch chroma - a conjecture that was supported by analyzing the pattern of response errors. These findings highlight the complex nature of note representation in AP, which requires note identification across contexts, going beyond the simple storage of a note fundamental. The importance of standardizing testing that spans both timbre and octave in assessing AP and further implications on past literature and future work are discussed.
Rainfall shocks, soil health, and child health outcomes
Authors: Kishore Siddharth
Published: August 2022

This paper explores the impact of monsoon rainfall shocks on child health outcomes in rural India at varying levels of soil organic carbon. I combine high resolution spatial data on soil organic carbon content and weather with the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) for India (2015-2016) to estimate the linkage between monsoon rainfall shock, soil health, and child health. Weather variables and soil determine crop productivity and thus affect human health through food access in low- and middle-income countries. I contribute to the literature by demonstrating direct and indirect impact of soil health on childhood outcome of wasting. Using a coarsened exact matching method, I estimate that having high soil health can result in 26 percent improvement in child wasting. I also demonstrate that having high soil health can moderate adverse impacts from weather shocks.
Later and less? New evidence on occupational maturity for Swedish women and men
Authors: Bihagen Erik , Shahbazian Roujman , Kjellsson Sara
Published: August 2022

A common assumption within social mobility research is that the lion’s share of people reaches occupational maturity quite early in working life, that is they end up in an occupation/class position that they keep for the remainder of their working lives. Considering the importance of class of destination in both class theory and intergenerational mobility studies, there are surprisingly few studies that focus on occupational maturation. This study aims to shed light on the stabilization of careers in terms of both occupational and class maturation across age. The analyses based on Swedish data indicate that there are substantial levels of transitions throughout work life and increasingly so across cohorts. Thus, the findings of this paper speak against the idea of occupational maturity, and consequently point to problems in estimating inter-generational mobility from cross-sectional data.
Addressing Low-Level Reproduction in Academic Publication: Implications for Integrity and Academic Environment
Authors: Zhu Yi
Published: August 2022

This paper addresses the issue of low-level reproduction in academic publication, which is considered a form of imperceptible academic corruption. The practice of low-level reproduction creates academic bubbles and undermines the integrity of the academic atmosphere. In response, this paper advocates for the banning of low-level reproduction to uphold the principles of scientific integrity within the scientific community. By doing so, it aims to foster an environment that nurtures critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills among researchers, ultimately benefiting society and the nation as a whole. The paper emphasizes the importance of promoting transparent and original research in academic publishing to maintain the credibility and trustworthiness of scholarly work.
Ameliorative Potentials of Bambusa vulgaris Leaf Extract on Carbon tetrachloride Induced Toxicity in Albino Rats
Authors: Ogunmoyole Temidayo , Afolayan Oluwatobi , Ajayi Toluwalase , Makun Omowunmi Jayeola
Published: August 2022

Bambusa vulgaris has been widely utilized in folkloric medicine for the treatment several diseases. The present study evaluates the ameliorative effects of its leaves extract on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced organs’ damage. This was done to provide a cost-effective and potent therapeutic option in the management of multi-organ disorders. Twenty Wistar rats were placed into five groups (I-V) of four animals each. All experimental animals, except group I were administered a single intraperitoneal dose of CCl4 (3 ml/kg b.w.). Animals in groups III and IV were treated with B. vulgaris at 200 mg/kg b.w. and 400 mg/kg b.w. respectively, group V animals received 100 mg/kg b.w. silymarin after initial exposure, while group II animals were left untreated after initial exposure to CCl4. Specific markers of liver, kidney and heart injury such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, urea, creatinine, bilirubin and cytokines were assayed in the serum and tissue homogenates. Results indicate that carbon tetrachloride caused a significant increase in the serum level of AST, ALP, ALT, LDH as well as bilirubin, urea and inflammatory cytokines relative to control. On the other hand, activity of glutathione peroxidase and catalase were diminished following exposure to CCl4. However, treatment with the B. vulgaris extract restored to all deranged biochemical indices to values comparable with animals treated with silymarin. Histopathological evidence lends credence to the ameliorative potential of B. vulgaris leaf extract on damaged liver, heart and kidney. Hence, B. vulgaris can be considered a viable therapeutic agent for the management/treatment of renal, cardiac and hepatic diseases.
Efficacy evaluation of a polyherbal antistressor premix at reducing summer stress-associated losses in dairy cows
Authors: Bhamare Prasad , Thakur David , Ganguly Bhaskar
Published: August 2022

Heat stress is a very common type of stress in dairy animals. Exposure to heat-stress can result in decreased yield and poor, watery consistency of milk. Here, the results of an efficacy trial of a polyherbal antistressor premix at reducing summer stress-associated milk yield losses in dairy cows are reported. 12 healthy lactating Gir cows in early to mid of first to third lactations were randomized to one of two groups. The first group was left unsupplemented while the second group received supplementation with a polyherbal anti-stressor (Stresomix™ premix, M/s Ayurvet Limited, India) for seven days. Daily milk yield was recorded over a 30 days’ period of moderate heat stress (THI = 81.9). Protein and fat content of milk and serum cortisol levels were also measured at specific intervals. The polyherbal antistressor-supplemented group T1 showed significant improvements in milk fat content, fat-corrected milk yield, and serum cortisol levels over the untreated control group T0, attesting the efficacy of the polyherbal antistressor supplement in heat-stressed dairy cows. Based on the results of the study, the polyherbal antistressor, Stresomix premix, at 1 Kg/tonne of feed for 7 days, was found efficacious for the reduction of stress and improvement of milk fat content in dairy cows under summer stress.
Anthropometric Study of External Ear: A Comparative Study
Authors: Prasad Ram Jiban , Shakya Arbin , Acharya Apurba , Neupane Ganesh Prasad
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Ear is the most defining feature of the face and its structure shows the signs of age and sex. The external ears consist of the auricle and the external acoustic meatus. This study was specifically under taken to study the variations in the auricle dimensions, specially height and width, amongst Nepalese medical and nursing students and compare them.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on medical and nursing students of National Medical College, Birgunj, Nepal, with no evidence of congenital ear anomalies or previous ear surgeries. The study consisted of 110 females and 110 males, aged 18–25 years.
Results:  The descriptive statistics of the ear variables evaluated and measured on both right and left sides. The ear length ranged from 6.31- 6.30 cm with the right ear length being significantly larger than the left ear length (p=0.010).  Similarly, the right ear breadth was significantly wider in comparison to the left ear breadth, range from 3.39- 3. 38 cm (p=0.084). The lobular length range 2.38- 2.36 cm (p=0.001) and the lobular breadth range 1.96- 1.93 cm (p=0.000) which were also larger in the right ear compared with the left ear and the differences reached the level of statistically significant.
Conclusion: The ear anthropometric measurements of male students showed higher value when compared to the female nursing students. These results support the findings that the sexual dimorphism does exit and showed the statistically significant differences between the sexes. The length of the ear was found to be higher when compared to the width of the ear in both sexes.
Expanding Parapsychology Research: Learnings from a Beneficent Funder
Authors: Wahbeh Helane
Published: August 2022

Parapsychology is a research field that has seen much lower funding than other areas of science. This lack of financial support is critical with limited resources for salaries, project expenses, and support staff for researchers already in the field and those would otherwise want to join the field. BIAL Foundation Chairman Luís Portela shares why he funds parapsychology and his thoughts on increasing the funding, and thus the opportunities for breakthroughs, in the field. 

 

Keywords: bias, BIAL Foundation, collaboration, edge science, funding, phenomenology
Introduction to the Special Subsection: Contemplating the BICS Essay Contest on Postmortem Survival
Authors: Houran James
Published: August 2022

Well-known aerospace entrepreneur Robert T. Bigelow has contributed a great deal privately and publicly to science and technology over the years, including the realm of anomalistics and edge science [see: Kelleher, C. A., & Knapp, G. (2005). Hunt for the skinwalker: Science confronts the unexplained at a remote ranch in Utah. Paraview Pocket Books]. This generous support should be celebrated, as it is virtually unique in modern times where academic freedom and consequential funding are sparse in the controversial fields that JSE routinely spotlights. In fact, Bigelow recently formed the Bigelow Institute of Consciousness Studies (BICS) to support research on the ostensible survival of human consciousness after physical death and the potential nature of such a state. BICS therefore comprises an ongoing platform for exploration and education versus a singular act of support from a lone patron. Among the organization’s first initiatives was a global campaign to solicit the best evidence supporting the notion of postmortem survival. This venture paralleled successful ‘crowdsourcing contests’ that some companies use to drive product improvements or innovations via public competitions with cash awards [see: Segev, E. (2020). Crowdsourcing contests. European Journal of Operational Research, 281, 241–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2019.02.057 ].
Beyond the BICS Essays: Envisioning a More Rigorous Preregistered Survival Study
Authors: LeBel Etienne , Augustine Keith , Rock Adam
Published: August 2022

Although the preceding exchange in this special subsection of the Journal (Augustine, 2022a, 2022b; Braude et al., 2022) has highlighted the differences between skeptics and proponents of discarnate personal survival, there is much more in common between us that often goes unsaid, such as a common respect for sound reasoning and for investigating matters empirically whenever possible. We also agree that this topic warrants further empirical investigation, and of a quality superior to that found in the extant survival literature. While we could further delineate our similarities and differences, a much more fruitful avenue for research is to collaborate on a design for an ‘ideal’ prospective test of potential survival that, if successful and replicable, would complement and corroborate previous attempts at rigorous experimental survival research.

Working with Braude et al.’s (2022) team of survival proponents would have been optimal, but given time and logistical constraints, we have alternatively joined forces with the last author who has published several methodological papers in this domain from an agnostic perspective (e.g., Jamieson & Rock, 2014; Rock & Storm, 2015). By developing some of the proponents’ own published proposals, we have agreed on an experimental design that would provide substantiating evidence consistent with an anomalous effect by shielding any attainable replicable positive results, as much as feasible, from normal or conventional explanations. Such explanations run the gamut from simple cueing to researcher degrees of freedom or p-hacking, i.e., researchers inadvertently or deliberately collecting or selecting data or analyses until nonsignificant results are rendered statistically significant (Head et al., 2015).