bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐Phenacylideneoxindoles with Tosylmethyl Isocyanide and MeOH Through C—C Bond Cleavage: Facile Synthesis of Pyrrole and 2H‐Pyrrolo[3,4‐c]quinoline Derivatives.
Authors: Wang Rong , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Meng Hua , Wang Shun‐Yi , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: June 2013

Various pyrrole derivatives are synthesized by a new three‐component reaction from easily available starting materials.
ChemInform Abstract: An Economical Nucleophilic Route Toward Facile Synthesis of Pyrano[4,3‐b]quinolin‐1‐ones via 6‐endo‐dig Cyclization of o‐Alkynylquinoline Esters.
Authors: Sharma Neha , Asthana Mrityunjaya , Nandini Durgesh , Singh R. P. , Singh Radhey M.
Published: June 2013

A novel route to pyrano[4,3‐b]pyridine (II) and pyrano[4,3‐b]quinolines (IV) and (VI) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric [4 + 2] Cycloadditions and Hosomi—Sakurai Reactions of α‐Alkylidene β‐Keto Imides.
Authors: Orimoto Kohei , Oyama Harufumi , Namera Yuki , Niwa Takashi , Nakada Masahisa
Published: June 2013

For the first time a highly enantioselective catalytic asymmetric [4 + 2] cycloaddition with Danishefsky diene (VII) affords a bicyclic product containing an all‐carbon quaternary stereogenic center.
ChemInform Abstract: PPA‐Mediated C—C Bond Formation: A Synthetic Route to Substituted Indeno[2,1‐c]quinolin‐6(7H)‐ones.
Authors: Liu Xu , Zhang Qian , Xin Xiaoqing , Zhang Rui , Zhou Fenguo , Dong Dewen
Published: June 2013

A facile and efficient synthesis of the title compounds is developed by using readily available starting materials, mild conditions, and a wide range of substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Pyrrolo‐[2,1‐j]quinolone Framework via Intramolecular Electrophilic ipso‐Cyclization.
Authors: Low‐Beinart Lila , Sun Xiaohan , Sidman Eli , Kesharwani Tanay
Published: June 2013

Iodine is successfully employed as electrophile for the transformation of N‐alkynoyltetrahydroisoquinolines to the alkaloid core structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Synthesis of 4,4‐Difluoropyrido[4,3‐b]indoles via Intramolecular Heck Reaction.
Authors: Madaiah M. , Prashanth M. K. , Revanasiddappa H. D.
Published: June 2013

An efficient synthesis of the heterocyclic title system is achieved via condensation of difluoropiperidone (II) with ortho‐bromoanilines followed by intramolecular Heck reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Intramolecular Oxa‐Michael Reactions of Cyclohexadienones Catalyzed by a Primary Amine Salt.
Authors: Wu Wenbin , Li Xin , Huang Huicai , Yuan Xiaoqian , Lu Junzhu , Zhu Kailong , Ye Jinxing
Published: June 2013

Inexpensive and easily prepared chiral primary diamine is an efficient catalyst for the title reaction under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐Aryl‐1,2‐dihydrophthalazines via Reaction of 2‐(Bromomethyl)benzaldehydes with Arylhydrazines.
Authors: Aljaar Nayyef , Conrad Juergen , Beifuss Uwe
Published: June 2013

It provides a new, simple, and efficient approach to a number of 2‐aryldihydrophthalazines which are of biological interest.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Nitroso Group‐Assisted Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of 6‐Chloropyrimidines: A Facile and Efficient Synthesis of Pyrimidine‐4,6‐ and ‐2,4‐diamines.
Authors: Jakubkiene Virginija , Zurba Justinas , Cikotiene Inga
Published: June 2013

The novel protocol involves N‐nitrosation of pyrimidine amines followed by nucleophilic substitution and denitrosation.
ChemInform Abstract: The Unambiguous Synthesis and NMR Assignment of 4‐Alkoxy and 3‐Alkylquinazolines.
Authors: Spulak Marcel , Novak Zdenek , Palat Karel , Kunes Jiri , Pourova Jana , Pour Milan
Published: June 2013

Contrary to previously reported results, alkylation of dihydroquinazoline (I) provides N3‐alkylated products instead of 4‐alkoxyquinazolines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 7‐Iodo(arylsulfanyl)methyl‐7,8‐dihydro[1,3]thiazolo[2,3‐i]purinium Pentaiodide (Perchlorates) and Their Transformation into 4‐Amino‐5‐(1,3‐thiazol‐2‐yl)imidazole Derivatives.
Authors: Vas'kevich R. I. , Vas'kevich A. I. , Rusanov E. B. , Staninets V. I. , Vovk M. V.
Published: June 2013

The intramolecular electrophilic cyclization of 6‐allylsulfanylpurine (I) with iodine and arenesulfenyl chlorides, respectively and the subsequent behavior of the resulting fused heterocycles toward nucleophiles is explored.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies with Enamines: Route to Aminoazolopyrimidines and Arylazoazolopyrimidines.
Authors: Salaheldin Abdellatif M. , Khairou Khalid S.
Published: June 2013

The employment of enaminonitriles in the synthesis of substituted pyrazol‐ and triazolamines and further reactions of the products with enamines and activated methylene compounds are described.
ChemInform Abstract: Diversely Substituted Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazine‐8‐oxo‐3‐carbaldehydes: An Iodine‐Mediated Cyclization/Oxidation Approach.
Authors: Mishra Nigam M. , Vachhani Dipak D. , Modha Sachin G. , Van der Eycken Erik V.
Published: June 2013

This is an efficient and mild method for the synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to Construct 1,2‐Dihydroquinoxaline and 1,4‐Benzoxazine Derivatives Stereoselectively and Its Application to Novel Pyrazolo[1,5‐α]quinoxaline Oxides.
Authors: Zhang Dongxu , Yang Yan , Gao Meng , Shu Wenming , Wu Liuming , Zhu Yanping , Wu Anxin
Published: June 2013

Both 1,4‐benzoxazines (III) and quinoxalines (VIII) are obtained stereoselectively via a novel approach from easily available 2‐methylthio‐1,4‐enediones.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free, Metal‐Free, Aza‐Prins Cyclization: Unprecedented Access to δ‐Sultams.
Authors: Clarisse Damien , Pelotier Beatrice , Fache Fabienne
Published: June 2013

The reaction of allyl sulfonamide (I) with various aldehydes or ketones and trimethylsilyl halides afford the halogenated δ‐sultams under solvent‐ and metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Synthesis of Pyrido‐Imidazodiazepinediones.
Authors: Arama Dominique P. , Lisowski Vincent , Scarlata Eliana , Fulcrand Pierre , Maillard Ludovic T. , Martinez Jean , Masurier Nicolas
Published: June 2013

The synthesis of optically pure heterocyclic scaffolds (V) (12 examples) is achieved through selective C‐acylation of the aminoimidazopyridine (I) with various amino acids and subsequent intramolecular carbonylation.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereo‐ and Regioselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Chiral 1,4‐Oxazepanes.
Authors: Bezanson Michelle , Pottel Joshua , Bilbeisi Rana , Toumieux Sylvestre , Cueto Mickael , Moitessier Nicolas
Published: June 2013

An efficient and stereoselective access to the 7‐membered ring system is possible via cyclization of unsaturated amino alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Asperterpenoid A, a New Sesterterpenoid as an Inhibitor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase B from the Culture of Aspergillus sp. 16‐5c.
Authors: Huang Xishan , Huang Hongbo , Li Hanxiang , Sun Xuefeng , Huang Huarong , Lu Yongjun , Lin Yongcheng , Long Yuhua , She Zhigang
Published: June 2013

Asperterpenoid A (I) exhibits strong inhibitory activity against the title phosphatase (mPTPB) with an IC50 value of 2.2 μM.
ChemInform Abstract: Approach to the Core Structure of abeo‐Abietanes and Gibberellins via Stork—Danheiser Sequence Followed by Friedel—Crafts Alkylations.
Authors: Kakde Badrinath N. , Bhunia Subhajit , Bisai Alakesh
Published: June 2013

Stork—Danheiser reaction of bicyclic vinylogous esters (I) with alkoxy‐substituted arylmagnesium bromides followed by intramolecular Friedel—Crafts alkylation of the resulting cyclohexenones (III) offers a short synthesis of [6,5,6] carbocyclic frameworks.
ChemInform Abstract: CF3SO3H—SiO2 as Catalyst for Ferrier Rearrangement: An Efficient Procedure for the Synthesis of Pseudoglycosides.
Authors: Chen Peiran , Wang Shaoshan
Published: June 2013

The reaction is conducted under transition metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Potential of the Wonderful Chameleons: Nickel Phosphate Molecular Sieves
Authors: Timofeeva M. N. , Panchenko V. N. , Hasan Zubair , Jhung Sung Hwa
Published: June 2013

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Towards Realistic Surface Science Models of Heterogeneous Catalysts: Influence of Support Hydroxylation and Catalyst Preparation Method
Authors: Sterrer Martin , Freund Hans‐Joachim
Published: June 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Giant Electric‐Field‐Induced Strains in Lead‐Free Ceramics for Actuator Applications ‐ Status and Perspective
Authors: Jo Wook , Dittmer Robert , Acosta Matias , Zang Jiadong , Groh Claudia , Sapper Eva , Wang Ke , Roedel Juergen
Published: June 2013

Review: 224 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanisms for Charge Trapping in Single Semiconductor Nanocrystals Probed by Fluorescence Blinking
Authors: Cordones Amy A. , Leone Stephen R.
Published: June 2013

Review: tutorial review; 54 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Physical Processes‐Aided Periodic Micro/Nanostructured Arrays by Colloidal Template Technique: Fabrication and Applications
Authors: Li Yue , Duan Guotao , Liu Guangqiang , Cai Weiping
Published: June 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective
Authors: Coey J. M. D.
Published: June 2013

Review: operation principles of permanent magnets, improvements of the energy product, new rare earth free materials, and new anisotropic thin films; 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: DC Voltammetry of Electro‐Deoxidation of Solid Oxides
Authors: Abdelkader A. M. , Kilby K. Tripuraneni , Cox A. , Fray D. J.
Published: June 2013

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: What Makes a Good Catalyst for the Deacon Process?
Authors: Over Herbert , Schomaecker Reinhard
Published: June 2013

Review: descriptors for assessing activity and stability of catalyst materials suitablfor the Cl recovery from HCl by oxidation with O2 (Deacon process); 92 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in Organoactinide Chemistry as Exemplified by Cyclopentadienyl Compounds
Authors: Ephritikhine Michel
Published: June 2013

Review: 236 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Coordination Compounds and the Magnetocaloric Effect
Authors: Sharples Joseph W. , Collison David
Published: June 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Perylene Diimides—Diazaperopyrenium Dications as Chameleonic Nanoscale Building Blocks
Authors: Basuray Ashish N. , Jacquot de Rouville Henri‐Pierre , Hartlieb Karel J. , Fahrenbach Albert C. , Stoddart J. Fraser
Published: June 2013

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The “Click” Reaction Involving Metal Azides, Metal Alkynes, or Both: An Exploration into Multimetal Structures
Authors: Casarrubios Luis , de la Torre Maria C. , Sierra Miguel A.
Published: June 2013

Review: 24 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals: The Aqueous Approach
Authors: Lesnyak Vladimir , Gaponik Nikolai , Eychmueller Alexander
Published: June 2013

Review: 201 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methanocarba Ring as a Ribose Modification in Ligands of G Protein Coupled Purine and Pyrimidine Receptors: Synthetic Approaches
Authors: Tosh Dilip K. , Jacobson Kenneth A.
Published: June 2013

Review: 49 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Development of Phosphorylases Possessing Large Potential for Oligosaccharide Synthesis
Authors: Nakai Hiroyuki , Kitaoka Motomitsu , Svensson Birte , Ohtsubo Ken'ichi
Published: June 2013

Review: 66 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: CuAAC: The Quintessential Click Reaction
Authors: Fokin Valery V.
Published: June 2013

Review: 108 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Naturally Occurring Hydroxytyrosol: Synthesis and Anticancer Potential
Authors: Bernini R. , Merendino N. , Romani A. , Velotti F.
Published: June 2013

Review: 162 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐catalyzed Direct Functionalization of Inert C—H Bonds
Authors: Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: June 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Thiourea Catalysts
Authors: Takemoto Yoshiji , Inokuma Tsubasa
Published: June 2013

Review: 13 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,1,3,3‐Tetramethyldisiloxane: A Versatile Reducing Agent
Authors: Larson Gerald L.
Published: June 2013

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: C—C Bond Formation: Michael Reaction
Authors: Takemoto Y. , Stadler M.
Published: June 2013

Review: 80 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Topics in Cooperative Catalysis: Asymmetric Catalysis, Polymerization, Hydrogen Activation, and Water Splitting
Authors: Kanai Motomu
Published: June 2013

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Transformations
Authors: Sandoval Christian A. , Noyori Ryoji
Published: June 2013

Review: 411 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Photochemistry of Carbonyl Compounds, Photoreactions, Mechanistic Studies Based on Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Jimenez M. Consuelo , Miranda Miguel A.
Published: June 2013

Review: 185 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: HCV versus HIV Drug Discovery: Deja vu all over again?
Authors: Watkins William J. , Desai Manoj C.
Published: June 2013

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclodextrin‐Based Microcapsule Materials — Their Preparation and Physiochemical Properties
Authors: Guo Rui , Wilson Lee D.
Published: June 2013

Review: 67 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Reactivity in AOT‐Based Microemulsions: Pseudophase Approach to Transnitrosation Reactions
Authors: Astray G. , Cid A. , Mejuto J. C. , Garcia‐Rio L.
Published: June 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Advances in Catalysts for Membrane Reactors
Authors: Huuhtanen M. , Seelam P. K. , Kolli T. , Turpeinen E. , Keiski R. L.
Published: June 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Mathematical Modeling of Intercalation Batteries at the Cell Level and Beyond
Authors: Landstorfer Manuel , Jacob Timo
Published: June 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Assigning and Understanding NMR Shifts of Paramagnetic Metal Complexes
Authors: Enders Markus
Published: June 2013

Review: 23 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structures and Properties of Non‐Planar Tetrapyrroles
Authors: Hill Jonathan P. , Ishihara Shinsuke , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: June 2013

Review: 115 refs.
Atomic Layer Deposition of High Performance Ultrathin TiO2 Blocking Layers for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Do Han , Woodroof Mariah , Lee Kyoungmi , Parsons Gregory N.
Published: June 2013

Invited for this month′s cover is the group of Gregory Parsons at North Carolina State University. The image shows one cycle of TiO2 atomic layer deposition (ALD), in which the sequential dosing and purging of TiCl4 and H2O forms ultrathin and conformal TiO2 films on rough FTO glass. Pinhole‐free ALD TiO2 forms a blocking layer to impede electron–hole recombination at the FTO/electrolyte interface in dye‐sensitized solar cells. The ALD process allows discrete tuning of the blocking‐layer thickness to maximize performance improvement. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/cssc.201300067
Design and performance analysis of side by side, echelon and H‐shaped multiple printed dipole antennas for wireless local area network application
Authors: Poongodi C. , Shanmugam A.
Published: June 2013

An array of printed dipole antennas for wireless local area network applications is designed and simulated using ads software. In MIMO system, numbers of antenna elements are used in different configuration. This paper presents the simulated results of printed dipole antennas in side by side 4‐element array, echelon and H‐shaped dipole array configurations. The designed antenna is characterized by measuring return loss, radiation pattern, directivity, and gain and also presented the simulated capacity results of different array configurations. The mutual coupling between the dipoles of different orientations is included to make simulation more realistic. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Copper(II) Complexes Derived from Phosphonoacetic Acid: Crystal Structures and Magnetic Behavior
Authors: Mautner Franz A. , El Fallah M. Salah , Roubeau Olivier , Speed Saskia , Teat Simon J. , Vicente Ramon
Published: June 2013

The syntheses, structural characterization, and magnetic behavior of five new copper(II) complexes derived from phosphonoacetic acid, H2O3PCH2CO2H, with the formulae [Cu{(py)2C(OH)2}](HO3PCH2CO2H)2 (1), [Cu2(HO3PCH2CO2)2{(py)2C(OCH3)OH}2] (2), [Cu2(HO3PCH2CO2)2(bpy)2] (3), [Cu4(O3PCH2CO2)2(5‐dmbpy)4(H2O)4](NO3)2 (4), and [Cu4(O3PCH2CO2)2(5‐dmbpy)4(H2O)4](ClO4)2 (5) are reported. [H2O3PCH2CO2H = phosphonoacetic acid, (py)2C(OH)2 = bis(2‐pyridyl)methanediol, {(py)2C(OCH3)OH} = bis(2‐pyridyl)methoxymethanol, bpy = 2,2′‐dipyridyl, 5‐dmbpy = 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐dipyridyl, terpy = 2,2′:6′,2″‐terpyridine]. Complex 1 is a mononuclear compound with hydrogenphosphonateacetic acid in its monoanionic form, complexes 2 and 3 are dinuclear compounds with hydrogenphosphonoacetate(2–) bridging ligands, and complexes 4 and 5 are tetranuclear compounds with phosphonoacetate(3–) bridging ligands. The magnetic properties of polynuclear complexes 2–5 are reported.
Straightforward Approach to Ferrocenyl Amino Acids and Peptides by Allylic Alk­ylation
Authors: Gorges Jan , Ullrich Angelika , Kazmaier Uli
Published: June 2013

Ferrocenylallyl carbonates have been found to be suitable substrates for palladium‐catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions. Amino acid ester and peptide enolates were employed as nucleophiles for the regio‐ and stereoselective introduction of the redox‐active ferrocenyl unit into peptide chains.
A study on the seismic performance of steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall high‐rise mixed structure by large‐scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations
Authors: Xu Ziguo , Xu Peifu , Xiao Congzhen
Published: June 2013

This paper reports a study for the seismic performance of one large‐scaled (1/15) model of 30‐story steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐concrete core wall mixed structure. The study was implemented by both shaking table tests, in which the similarity ratio for lateral and gravitational accelerations was kept to 1:1, and numerical nonlinear dynamic analysis. The test observations presented herein include story displacement, interstory drift, natural vibration periods, and final failure mode. The numerical analysis was performed to simulate the shaking table test procedure, and the numerically obtained responses were verified by the test results. On the basis of the numerical results, the progressions of structural stiffness, base shear, and overturning moment were investigated, and the distributions of base shear and overturning moment between frame and core wall were also discussed. The test demonstrates the seismic performance of the steel‐reinforced concrete frame‐core wall mixed structure and reveals the potential overturning failure mode for high rise structures. The nonlinear analysis results indicate that the peripheral frames could take more shear forces after core wall damaged under severe earthquakes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impacts of post‐glacial rebound on landslide spatial distribution at a regional scale in northern Iceland (Skagafjörður)
Authors: Cossart Etienne , Mercier Denis , Decaulne Armelle , Feuillet Thierry , Jónsson Helgi Páll , Sæmundsson Þorsteinn
Published: June 2013

In de‐glaciated areas, para‐glaciation (i.e. the conditioning of landscapes by prior glaciation) has often been considered a major predisposing factor in landslide occurrence; its consequences have been particularly well identified at a fine scale (especially on bedrock jointing). Hitherto, the relative impacts of para‐glaciation on hillslope dynamics at a regional scale had nevertheless not been quantified statistically. We examine Skagafjörður area (northern Iceland) where landslides are widespread (at least 108 were mapped in an area of c. 3000 km2). We compare the role of para‐glaciation (debuttressing, influence of post‐glacial rebound) with that of classic factors (topography, lithology, etc.) in landslide occurrence and location, using a spatial analysis based on a chi‐square test. On the one hand, the results highlight that landslides are over‐represented in areas where post‐glacial rebound was at its maximum, with a stronger concentration of landslides in the northern part of the fjord. On the other hand, the distribution of landslides did not show any clear relationship with the pattern of glacial debuttressing. Tschuprow coefficient highlights that the influence of post‐glacial rebound on landslide location is higher than the combined influence of slope gradient, curvature or geological structure. This result is supported by our initial evidence for the timing of landslides in the area: most landslides occurred during the first half of the Holocene, and a period of hillslope instability was initiated when the post‐glacial uplift was at its maximum. Finally, the mechanisms that link post‐glacial rebound and landsliding as well as the geomorphic impacts of landslides, are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Cardiovascular effects induced by α‐terpineol in hypertensive rats
Authors: Sabino Carla Kelly Barroso , Ferreira‐Filho Edson Santos , Mendes Marcelo Bezerra , da Silva‐Filho José Couras , Ponte Marco Philipe Teles Reis , Moura Lucas Henrique Porfírio , Oliveira Elisangela Cláudia Alves , Quintans‐Junior Lucindo José , dos Santos Márcio Roberto Viana , de Cássia Meneses Oliveira Rita , de Oliveira Aldeídia Pereira
Published: June 2013

The antihypertensive and antioxidant effects of α‐terpineol on hypertensive rats were evaluated in this study. Hypertension was induced in male Wistar rats by oral administration of the NG‐nitro‐L‐arginine methyl ester (L‐NAME) 50 mg/kg body weight/day) in drinking water for 1 week. Rats with mean arterial pressure > 140 mmHg were considered hypertensive. In order to evaluate the α‐terpineol effect on haemodynamic parameters, rats were treated once a day with different doses of α‐terpineol (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day) or vehicle for one week. After this time, blood samples were collected and activities of antioxidant enzymes were assessed. Furthermore, the vasorelaxant effect of α‐terpineol was also assessed in mesenteric artery rings. Oral administration of α‐terpineol was able to reduce mean arterial pressure in up to 38.15 ± 8.7 mmHg. In mesenteric artery rings, α‐terpineol (10−9–10−2 M) induced vascular endothelium independent vasodilatation. In addition, rats treated with α‐terpineol showed alterations in biochemical parameters indicating an antioxidant effect. Such results suggest that α‐terpineol is able to reduce arterial pressure, possibly due to a decrease of vascular resistance, and restore enzymatic antioxidants in L‐NAME‐induced hypertensive rats. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Jet grouting in tunnelling / Düsenstrahlverfahren im Tunnelbau
Authors: Trunk Ulrich , Winkler Friedrich
Published: June 2013

In tunnelling, jet grouting may be used for excavation support ahead of the tunnel face in situations presenting scarce overburden or insufficient rock stability. This paper discusses jet grouting (JG) applications in which the jet grouted elements are produced from within the tunnel. Exhaustive data on soil composition is a necessary condition for choosing the most suitable method, dimensioning and planning.

Common applications are horizontal JG umbrella arches, JG columns reinforcing the side walls and waterproof inverts. Production sequence, column diameter, choice of tools, quality assurance and logistics must be matched to the specific boundary conditions for the execution of JG works from inside the tunnel. The range of possible solutions is here shown by presenting previous JG projects.

Das Düsenstrahlverfahren (DSV) wird im Tunnelbau z.B. zur Voraussicherung des Vortriebs bei geringer Überdeckung oder nicht ausreichender Standsicherheit des anstehenden Gebirges eingesetzt. Der Beitrag stellt Einsatzmöglichkeiten des Düsenstrahlverfahrens vor, bei denen die Düsenstrahlelemente aus dem Tunnel heraus hergestellt werden. Voraussetzung für die Wahl der geeigneten Methode, Dimensionierung und Planung sind ausreichende Baugrundinformationen. Ausgeführt werden vor allem horizontale DSV‐Schirme, Säulen zur Verstärkung des Ulmengewölbes und Sohlabdichtungen. Herstellabfolge, Säulendurchmesser, Gerätetechnik, Qualitätssicherung und Logistik sind auf die besonderen Randbedingungen für die Ausführung der DSV‐Arbeiten aus dem Tunnel abzustimmen. Die Bandbreite möglicher Lösungen wird anhand ausgeführter DSV‐Arbeiten aufgezeigt.
Explosive expansion of a slowly decompressed magma analogue: Evidence for delayed bubble nucleation
Authors: Rivalta Eleonora , Pascal Karen , Phillips Jeremy , Bonaccorso Alessandro
Published: June 2013

While ascending in the plumbing system of volcanoes, magma undergoes decompression at rates spanning several orders of magnitude and set by a number of factors internal and external to the volcano. Slow decompression generally results in an effusive or mildly explosive expansion of the magma, but counterexamples of sudden switches from effusive to explosive eruptive behavior have been documented at various volcanoes worldwide. The mechanisms involved in this behavior are currently debated, in particular for basaltic magmas. Here, we explore the interplay between decompression rate and vesiculation vigor by decompressing a magma analogue obtained by dissolving pine resin into acetone in varying proportions. Analogue experiments allow direct observations of the processes of bubble nucleation and growth, flow dynamics, and fragmentation that is not currently possible with magmatic systems. Our mixtures contain solid particles, and upon decompression, nucleation of acetone bubbles is observed. We find that mixtures with a high acetone content, containing smaller and fewer solid particles, experience strong supersaturation and fragment under very slow decompressions, despite having low viscosity, while mixtures with lower acetone content, with more and larger solid particles, degas efficiently without fragmentation. We interpret our results in terms of delayed bubble nucleation due to a lack of efficient nucleation sites. We discuss how a similar mechanism might induce violent, explosive expansion in volatile‐rich and poorly crystalline low‐silica magmas, by analogy with the behavior of rhyolitic magmas.
Study of the western edge of the African Large Low Shear Velocity Province
Authors: Sun Daoyuan , Miller Meghan S.
Published: June 2013

It is well established that there is a large low shear velocity province (LLSVP) in the lowermost mantle beneath Africa, extending from beneath the southeastern Atlantic Ocean to the southwestern Indian Ocean. The detailed 3‐D geometry of the LLSVP is crucial to the understanding of how this prominent lower mantle feature developed and evolved. Most studies have concentrated on mapping the southern and eastern edges of African LLSVP using the Kaapvaal array at South Africa. Here we use data from recently deployed arrays in the western Mediterranean to study its northwestern edge and evaluate the sharpness of its boundaries. Travel time and waveform modeling of S and SKS phases suggest the existence of sharp low velocity anomalies in the lowermost mantle beneath the eastern Atlantic Ocean, which agrees with global tomography models. However, the S‐SKS differential times vary up to 6 s across the array. To match the large travel time variations and waveforms, the existence of a slow velocity structure with a sharp top is required. The structure has a 3.5% reduction in shear wave velocity and a height of ∼600 km above the core‐mantle boundary, which is lower in topography than the southern and eastern part of the African LLSVP. Further 3‐D synthetic waveforms and modeling calculations demonstrate the existence of these sharp boundaries for the northwestern portion of the African LLSVP. The strong lateral variation in both travel times and waveforms suggests that this part of the African LLSVP may be as complex as the mid‐Pacific LLSVP. To explain the observed sharp top and large dome‐like structure, a thermochemical origin of the African LLSVP is supported.
Internal solitary wave refraction at Dongsha Atoll, South China Sea
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Jackson Christopher R. , Pichel William G.
Published: June 2013

Internal solitary waves (ISWs) are regularly generated at the Luzon Strait, propagate westward into the South China Sea, and dissipate on the continental shelf after persisting for more than 4 days. The Dongsha Atoll stands in the middle of their propagation path and the incident ISW bifurcates as it interacts with, and passes the atoll. As the two arms meet on the western side of Dongsha, they produce complex patterns from nonlinear internal wave interactions. In this study, new satellite observations are presented that show unusual ISW refraction patterns at the Dongsha Atoll. In these satellite images the incident wave is located on one side of Dongsha, and the portion of the wave closest to the atoll continues to propagate around the atoll circularly, while the remaining portion of the arm continues its westward propagation. The process is adequately modeled using a function relating ISW phase speed to ocean depth.
Aging and KIBRA/WWC1 genotype affect spatial memory processes in a virtual navigation task
Authors: Schuck Nicolas W. , Doeller Christian F. , Schjeide Brit‐Maren M. , Schröder Julia , Frensch Peter A. , Bertram Lars , Li Shu‐Chen
Published: June 2013

Spatial navigation relies on multiple mnemonic mechanisms and previous work in younger adults has described two separate types of spatial memory. One type uses directional as well as boundary‐related information for spatial memory and mainly implicates the hippocampal formation. The other type has been linked to directional and landmark‐related information and primarily involves the striatum. Using a virtual reality navigation paradigm, we studied the impacts of aging and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP rs17070145) of the KIBRA gene (official name: WWC1) on these memory forms. Our data showed that older adult's spatial learning was preferentially related to processing of landmark information, whereas processing of boundary information played a more prominent role in younger adults. Moreover, among older adults T‐allele carriers of the examined KIBRA polymorphism showed better spatial learning compared to C homozygotes. Together these findings provide the first evidence for an effect of the KIBRA rs17070145 polymorphism on spatial memory in humans and age differences in the reliance on landmark and boundary‐related spatial information. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer incidence among population utilizing geothermal hot water: A census‐based cohort study
Authors: Kristbjornsdottir Adalbjorg , Rafnsson Vilhjalmur
Published: June 2013

The aim of the study was to assess whether utilization of geothermal hot‐water is associated with risk of cancer. The cohort from census was followed from 1981 to 2010 in nation‐wide death and cancer registries. The moving apart of American‐Eurasian tectonic plates, observed in Iceland, results in high volcanic activity. The definition of the study populations was based on geological information. The target population was inhabitants of communities located on bedrock younger than 3.3 million years, utilizing hot‐water supply generated from geothermal wells since 1972. The two reference populations were inhabitants of communities without this hot‐water supply located on areas with less volcanic/geothermal activity, and bedrock older than 3.3 million years. Hazard ratio (HR), and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were adjusted for age, gender, education, housing, reproductive factors and smoking. HR in the geothermal hot‐water supply areas for all cancer was 1.15 (95% CI 1.05–1.25) as compared with nongeothermal areas. The HR for breast cancer was 1.40 (1.12–1.75), prostate cancer 1.61 (1.29–2.00), kidney cancer 1.64 (1.11–2.41), lymphatic and haematopoietic tissue cancers 1.45 (1.08–1.95), and for basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin 1.46 (1.16–1.82). Positive exposure–response relations were observed between the risk of these cancers and the degree of volcanic/geothermal activity in the reference areas. Increased incidence of all cancers, breast, prostate, kidney cancer and BCC of the skin was found among the population utilizing geothermal hot‐water for decades. More precise information on exposure is needed in future studies.
Familial aggregation of childhood and adult cancer in the Utah genealogy
Authors: Neale Rachel E. , Stiller Charles A. , Bunch Kathryn J. , Milne Elizabeth , Mineau Geraldine P. , Murphy Michael F.G.
Published: June 2013

A small proportion of childhood cancer is attributable to known hereditary syndromes, but whether there is any familial component to the remainder remains uncertain. We explored familial aggregation of cancer in a population‐based case–control study using genealogical record linkage and designed to overcome limitations of previous studies. Subjects were selected from the Utah Population Database. We compared risk of cancer in adult first‐degree relatives of children who were diagnosed with cancer with the risk in relatives of children who had not had a cancer diagnosed. We identified 1,894 childhood cancer cases and 3,788 controls; 7,467 relatives of cases and 14,498 relatives of controls were included in the analysis. Relatives of children with cancer had a higher risk of cancer in adulthood than relatives of children without cancer [odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–1.56]; this was restricted to mothers and siblings and was not evident in fathers. Familial aggregation appeared stronger among relatives of cases diagnosed before 5 years of age (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.13–1.95) than among relatives of cases who were older when diagnosed (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.98–1.51). These findings provide evidence of a generalized excess of cancer in the mothers and siblings of children with cancer. The tendency for risk to be higher in the relatives of children who were younger at cancer diagnosis should be investigated in other large data sets. The excesses of thyroid cancer in parents of children with cancer and of any cancer in relatives of children with leukemia merit further investigation.
No strong temporal relationship between obesity and multisite pain – results from a population‐based 20‐year follow‐up study
Authors: Magnusson K. , Østerås N. , Mowinckel P. , Natvig B. , Hagen K.B.
Published: June 2013

Background

Multisite pain and obesity are cross‐sectionally related and are common conditions that may influence each other through socio‐demographic, lifestyle and/or health‐related factors. The aim of the present study was to examine the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between overweight/obesity and multisite pain in a general population.

Methods

In a 20‐year population‐based prospective cohort study, persons aged 20–62 years in 1990 participated in postal surveys in 1990, 1994, 2004 and 2010 (n = 855). Multisite pain was defined as reporting ≥ 2 number of pain sites (NPS) on the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Overweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) 25–30 kg/m2 and obesity as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2. To exploit all measurement times, generalized estimating equation analyses adjusting for age, sex, educational and occupational status, smoking, sleep quality, mental distress and physical activity were employed.

Results

The mean age was 41 years at baseline and 57% were women. Overweight/obesity and NPS were significantly associated cross‐sectionally. Being overweight/obese was associated with reporting future NPS ≥ 2 [overweight: odds ratio (OR), 1.40, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.75, obese: OR, 1.54, 95% CI, 1.04–2.28]. Having NPS ≥ 2 was not associated with becoming overweight, but increased the OR for future obesity (OR 1.27, 95% CI, 1.02, 1.59). Smoking was a confounder in this relationship.

Conclusions

Being overweight or obese was associated with future multisite pain, although the magnitude of the association was small and the dose‐response relationship observed in cross‐sectional analyses disappeared in prospective analyses. There was less evidence that having multisite pain was a predictor of future overweight/obesity.
Counselor Educators' Gatekeeping Responsibilities and Students' First Amendment Rights
Authors: Hutchens Neal , Block Jason , Young Marianne
Published: June 2013

In 2 recent legal cases, graduate counselor education students challenged the imposition of remediation plans as violating their First Amendment rights of freedom of speech and religion. With special emphasis on this recent litigation, the article examines the legal standards governing the authority of counselor educators at public colleges and universities, including professionalism and ethical rules as a part of curricular requirements to prohibit client discrimination based on sexual orientation.
An Investigation of Counselor Educators' Attitudes Toward Evidence‐Based Practices
Authors: Patel Samir , Hagedorn W. Bryce , Bai Haiyan
Published: June 2013

Evidence‐based practices (EBPs) receive little attention in counselor education curricula despite the ethical obligation for counselor educators to teach EBPs to counseling students. This study investigates counselor educators’ attitudes toward EBPs along with perceived barriers to the inclusion of EBPs in counselor education curricula.
Variables Affecting Readiness to Benefit From Career Interventions
Authors: Sampson James P. , McClain Mary‐Catherine , Musch Elisabeth , Reardon Robert C.
Published: June 2013

This article identifies and briefly describes the broad range of variables that may influence clients’ readiness to benefit from career interventions. The article also discusses consequences of low readiness for effective use of career interventions and addresses implications for practice as well as for future research. Variables contributing to low readiness for effective use of career interventions include personal characteristics and circumstances; knowledge of self, options, and decision making; and prior experience with career interventions. Consequences of low readiness for using career interventions include premature disengagement, negative perception of skills and interests, selective acquisition of incomplete information, premature choice foreclosure, protracted exploration, dependent decision‐making style, and poor evaluation of options.
Green construction and energy training program for at‐risk individuals: a case study
Authors: del Puerto Carla Lopez , Crowson Adrienne
Published: June 2013

Training individuals who are at risk of unemployment/underemployment to increase their employability is a mission of many nonprofit agencies. These training programs, often supported by government funding, attempt to reduce these individuals’ reliance on government assistance. The purpose of this study is to obtain hard data and an in‐depth understanding about the factors that contribute to the success of the Green Construction training program. The methodology used is a multimethod, multimeasure approach, which provides a reasonably robust triangulation of results. The findings indicate that the program is successful because it has good participant retention, knowledge gain, and placement rates.
Preparing ex‐offenders for work: applying the self‐determination theory to social cognitive career counseling
Authors: Johnson Kaprea F.
Published: June 2013

Ex‐offenders, persons with criminal and limited job histories, are being released into communities every year. Social cognitive career theory (SCCT) focuses on several cognitive–person variables and on the interaction effect with the environment. Conceptually, the author views the integration of SCCT and the self‐determination theory as a promising model for engaging ex‐offenders in behavior change and job counseling. A fictional case study is presented that applies the integrated theory model.
The GASS/EUCLIPSE model intercomparison of the stratocumulus transition as observed during ASTEX: LES results
Authors: van der Dussen J. J. , de Roode S. R. , Ackerman A. S. , Blossey P. N. , Bretherton C. S. , Kurowski M. J. , Lock A. P. , Neggers R. A. J. , Sandu I. , Siebesma A. P.
Published: June 2013

Large‐eddy simulations of a Lagrangian transition from a vertically well‐mixed stratocumulus‐topped boundary layer to a situation in which shallow cumuli penetrate an overlying layer of thin and broken stratocumulus are compared with aircraft observations collected during the Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment. Despite the complexity of the case and the long simulation period of 40 h, the six participating state‐of‐the‐art models skillfully and consistently represent the observed gradual deepening of the boundary layer, a negative buoyancy flux at the top of the subcloud layer and the development of a double‐peaked vertical velocity variance profile. The moisture flux from the subcloud to the stratocumulus cloud layer by cumulus convection exhibits a distinct diurnal cycle. During the night the moisture flux at the stratocumulus cloud base exceeds the surface evaporation flux, causing a net drying of the subcloud layer, and vice versa during daytime. The spread in the liquid water path (LWP) among the models is rather large during the first 12 h. From additional sensitivity experiments it is demonstrated that this spread is mainly attributable to differences in the parameterized precipitation rate. The LWP differences are limited through a feedback mechanism in which enhanced drizzle fluxes result in lower entrainment rates and subsequently a reduced drying at cloud top. The spread is furthermore reduced during the day as cloud layers with a greater LWP absorb more solar radiation and hence evaporate more.
Patterning human neuronal networks on photolithographically engineered silicon dioxide substrates functionalized with glial analogues
Authors: Hughes Mark A. , Brennan Paul M. , Bunting Andrew S. , Cameron Katherine , Murray Alan F. , Shipston Mike J.
Published: June 2013

Interfacing neurons with silicon semiconductors is a challenge being tackled through various bioengineering approaches. Such constructs inform our understanding of neuronal coding and learning and ultimately guide us toward creating intelligent neuroprostheses. A fundamental prerequisite is to dictate the spatial organization of neuronal cells. We sought to pattern neurons using photolithographically defined arrays of polymer parylene‐C, activated with fetal calf serum. We used a purified human neuronal cell line [Lund human mesencephalic (LUHMES)] to establish whether neurons remain viable when isolated on‐chip or whether they require a supporting cell substrate. When cultured in isolation, LUHMES neurons failed to pattern and did not show any morphological signs of differentiation. We therefore sought a cell type with which to prepattern parylene regions, hypothesizing that this cellular template would enable secondary neuronal adhesion and network formation. From a range of cell lines tested, human embryonal kidney (HEK) 293 cells patterned with highest accuracy. LUHMES neurons adhered to pre‐established HEK 293 cell clusters and this coculture environment promoted morphological differentiation of neurons. Neurites extended between islands of adherent cell somata, creating an orthogonally arranged neuronal network. HEK 293 cells appear to fulfill a role analogous to glia, dictating cell adhesion, and generating an environment conducive to neuronal survival. We next replaced HEK 293 cells with slower growing glioma‐derived precursors. These primary human cells patterned accurately on parylene and provided a similarly effective scaffold for neuronal adhesion. These findings advance the use of this microfabrication‐compatible platform for neuronal patterning. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 102A: 1350–1360, 2014.
Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Inhibition and Angiotensin AT1 Receptor Blockade Downregulate Angiotensin‐Converting Enzyme Expression and Attenuate Renal Injury in Streptozotocin‐Induced Diabetic Rats
Authors: Motawi Tarek K. , El‐Maraghy Shohda A. , Senousy Mahmoud A.
Published: June 2013

Angiotensin‐converting enzyme (ACE) is upregulated in the diabetic kidney and contributes to renal injury. This study investigates the possible beneficial effects of the ACE inhibitor (ACEI), enalapril and the AT1 receptor blocker (ARB), valsartan, on renal ACE expression, renal structure, and function in streptozotocin (STZ)‐induced diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were allocated into four groups: control, STZ‐diabetic rats, and STZ‐diabetic rats treated with either enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) or valsartan (50 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. Enalapril and valsartan reduced renal ACE mRNA and protein expression, Na+/K+‐ATPase activity, oxidative stress, and serum transforming growth factor‐β1 levels compared to the diabetic group. Both treatments normalized renal nitrate/nitrite levels and ameliorated the observed histopathological changes. In conclusion, ACE downregulation by ACEI and ARB indicates that angiotensin II upregulates ACE through AT1 receptor. Prevention of diabetes‐induced changes in ACE expression and Na+/K+‐ATPase activity could be a new explanation of the renoprotective effects of ACEIs and ARBs. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J BiochemMol Toxicol 27:378‐387, 2013; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/jbt.21500
A homology/ab initio hybrid algorithm for sampling near‐native protein conformations
Authors: Dhingra Priyanka , Jayaram Bhyravabhotla
Published: June 2013

One of the major challenges for protein tertiary structure prediction strategies is the quality of conformational sampling algorithms, which can effectively and readily search the protein fold space to generate near‐native conformations. In an effort to advance the field by making the best use of available homology as well as fold recognition approaches along with ab initio folding methods, we have developed Bhageerath‐H Strgen, a homology/ab initio hybrid algorithm for protein conformational sampling. The methodology is tested on the benchmark CASP9 dataset of 116 targets. In 93% of the cases, a structure with TM‐score ≥ 0.5 is generated in the pool of decoys. Further, the performance of Bhageerath‐H Strgen was seen to be efficient in comparison with different decoy generation methods. The algorithm is web enabled as Bhageerath‐H Strgen web tool which is made freely accessible for protein decoy generation (http://www.scfbio‐iitd.res.in/software/Bhageerath‐HStrgen1.jsp). © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Hydrocolonic sonography: A complete colorectal evaluation technique with preliminary results
Authors: Siripongsakun Surachate , Charoenvisal Luxanapun , Pantongrag‐Brown Linda , Dusitanond Navara , Siripongpreeda Bunchorn
Published: June 2013

Background

Hydrocolonic ultrasound (HUS) is a low‐cost imaging modality as compared with standard colonoscopy. However, HUS is not popular in the clinical setting due to its somewhat complicated technique of examination and inability to visualize the rectum. We developed a technique to overcome these limitations.

Methods

Ten patients with cancer‐suggestive symptoms and 70 asymptomatic patients were included in this study. All patients underwent HUS, with the technique described herein, before colonoscopy on the same day. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated.

Results

There were 30 men and 50 women with a mean age of 60.9 ± 7.3 (SD) years. Thirteen polyps with a size ≥0.6 cm (four lesions size 0.6 to 0.9 cm and nine lesions size ≥1 cm) were detected by colonoscopy. The detection rate of lesions by HUS was 25% for polyps size 0.6–0.9 cm and 89% for lesions size ≥1 cm in size. Three lesions were missed in the sigmoid colon, one in the transverse colon, and one in the rectum.

Conclusions

HUS is a low‐cost and noninvasive procedure for colorectal study. This technique has the potential to be used for the detection of colorectal cancer and polyps. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 41:402–407, 2013