bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Annotating and Detecting Topics in Social Media Forum and Modelling the Annotation to Derive Directions-A Case Study
Authors: B Athira , Jones Josette , Idicula Sumam Mary , Kulanthaivel Anand , Zhang Enming
Published: December 2020

The widespread influence of social media impacts every aspect of life, including the healthcare sector. Although medics and health professionals are the final decision makers, the advice and recommendations obtained from fellow patients are significant. In this context, the present paper explores the topics of discussion posted by breast cancer patients and survivors on online forums. The study examines an online forum, Breastcancer.org, maps the discussion entries to several topics, and proposes a machine learning model based on a classification algorithm to characterize the topics. To explore the topics of breast cancer patients and survivors, approximately 1000 posts are selected and manually labeled with annotations. In contrast, millions of posts are available to build the labels. A semi-supervised learning technique is used to build the labels for the unlabeled data; hence, the large data are classified using a deep learning algorithm. The deep learning algorithm BiLSTM with BERT word embedding technique provided a better f1-score of 79.5%. This method is able to classify the following topics: medication reviews, clinician knowledge, various treatment options, seeking and providing support, diagnostic procedures, financial issues and implications for everyday life. What matters the most for the patients is coping with everyday living as well as seeking and providing emotional and informational support. The approach and findings show the potential of studying social media to provide insight into patients' experiences with cancer like critical health problems.
Combination of Dirty Mass Volume and APACHE II Score Predicts Mortality in Patients with Colorectal perforation
Authors: Ishikawa Daichi , Takehara Yukako , Takata Atsushi , Takamura Kazuhito , Sato Hirohiko
Published: December 2020

Background: “Dirty mass” is a specific computed tomography (CT) finding that is seen frequently in colorectal perforation. The prognostic significance of this finding for mortality is unclear. Methods: Fifty-eight consecutive patients with colorectal perforation who underwent emergency surgery were included in the study. Dirty mass identified on multi-detector row CT (MDCT) was 3D-reconstructed and its volume was calculated using Ziostation software. Dirty mass volume and other clinical characteristics were compared between survivor (n = 45) and mortality groups (n = 13) to identify predictive factors for mortality. Mann–Whitney U test and Χ2 test were used in univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis was used in multivariate analysis. Results: Dirty mass was identified in 36/58 patients (62.1%) and located next to perforated colorectum in all cases. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis identified the highest peak at 96.3 cm3, with sensitivity of 0.643 and specificity of 0.864. Univariate analysis revealed dirty mass volume, acute disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) score, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) score, and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score as prognostic markers for mortality (p<0.01). Multivariate analysis revealed dirty mass volume and APACHE II score as independent prognostic indicators for mortality. Mortality was stratified by dividing patients into four groups according to dirty mass volume and APACHE II score. Conclusions: The combination of dirty mass volume and APACHE II score could stratify the postoperative mortality risk in patients with colorectal perforation. According to the risk stratification, surgeons might be able to decide the surgical procedures and intensity of postoperative management.
Impacts of Ivermectin Mass Drug Administration for Onchocerciasis on Mosquito Populations of Ogun State, Nigeria.
Authors: Omitola Olaitan Olamide , Umunnakwe Cynthia U. , Bayegun Adedotun A. , Anifowose Samuel A. , Mogaji Hammed Oladeji , Oluwole Akinola Stephen , Odoemene Simon Nnayere , Awolola Taiwo Sam , Osipitan Adebola Adedoyin , Sam-Wobo Sammy Olufemi , Ekpo Uwem Friday
Published: December 2020

Background: This study investigated the impacts of single-dose mass drug administration (MDA) with ivermectin for onchocerciasis and lymphatic filariasis on mosquito populations in Ogun State, Nigeria. Methods: Mosquito samples were collected indoor and outdoor in two communities before and after MDA. The communities were pair-matched with two other control communities where concurrent mosquito collection was also carried out. The mosquitoes were identified by morphological features and parity status was determined by microscopy. The density and age structure of the mosquitoes were determined and compared between intervention and control communities. Environmental and climatic data of study locations were obtained from online databases. MDA treatment coverage survey was conducted in the treated communities. Results: Before MDA, the density of indoor Anopheles mosquitoes was 7.20 in the control communities. This was significantly lower (p = 0.049) in the intervention communities where the density was 1.43. The density of the indoor Anopheles population reduced significantly 2-3 days after MDA to 1.02 (p = 0.039) in the intervention communities. Parity rate also reduced significantly from 95.35 to 44.26 (p < 0.001). The density of indoor Anopheles rebounded to 1.45 two weeks after MDA while parity rate remained significantly lower (p = 0.001) than before MDA. The density of indoor Culex increased 2-3 days after MDA from 0.07 to 0.10 (p = 0.527) and to 0.25 (p = 0.012) 13-14 days after MDA in the intervention communities. In Amini where MDA coverage was 65.9%, the indoor density of Anopheles reduced significantly from 0.90 to 0.33 (p = 0.005) 2-3 days after MDA while in Kugba-Ajagbe where MDA coverage was 41.0%, the reduction from 1.97 to 1.70 was not statistically significant (p = 0.446). Exposure to MDA across sampling intervals in the intervention communities showed a significant effect on the density (p < 0.001) and parity rate (p = 0.003) of indoor Anopheles in the generalized linear model examining multiple factors. Conclusion: Ivermectin MDA showed a promising potential to impact on malaria transmission and Anopheles abundance at high MDA coverage.
Optimization Strategy of Wireless Charger Node Deployment Based on Improved Cuckoo Search Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yang , wang feifan , Zhu Yujun , Liu Yiyang , Zhao Chuanxin
Published: December 2020

In wireless rechargeable sensor network, the deployment of charger node directly affects the overall charging utility of sensor network. Aiming at this problem, this paper abstracts the charger deployment problem as a multi-objective optimization problem that maximizes the received power of sensor nodes and minimizes the number of charger nodes. First, a network model that maximizes the sensor node received power and minimizes the number of charger nodes is constructed. Second, an Improved Cuckoo Search (ICS) algorithm is proposed. This algorithm is based on the traditional Cuckoo Search algorithm (CS) to redefine its step factor, and then use the mutation factor to change the nesting position of the host bird to update the bird ’s nest position, and then use ICS to find the ones that maximize the received power of the sensor node and minimize the number of charger nodes optimal solution. Compared with the traditional cuckoo search algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm, the simulation results show that the algorithm can effectively increase the receiving power of sensor nodes, reduce the number of charger nodes and find the optimal solution to meet the conditions, so as to maximize the network charging utility.
Efficacy and Safety of the Syrup "KalobaTUSS® " for the Treatment of Cough in Children: a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Carnevali Ilaria , Paglia Rita La , Pauletto Laura , Raso Floriana , Testa Marco , Mannucci Carmen , Sorbara Emanuela Elisa , Calapai Gioacchino
Published: December 2020

Background: Acute cough in children often causes discomfort to children and parents, reducing their quality of life. Despite the extensive utilization of over-the-counter remedies for cough, the efficacy of most of these treatments in children has not been confirmed. Methods: We conducted a randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial of 106 children with acute cough to evaluate the efficacy and safety of KalobaTUSS®, a paediatric cough syrup based on acacia honey and on Malva sylvestris extract, Inula helenium extract, Plantago major extract, and Helichrysum stoechas extract by using a validated 6 points Likert scale.Results: Children were orally treated with KalobaTUSS® or placebo for eight days. Children receiving KalobaTUSS® showed an early and significant reduction in night-time and day-time cough scores measured using a specific scale and a shorter duration of cough than children treated with the placebo. Conclusions: KalobaTUSS® is well tolerated and produces positive effects by reducing the severity and shortening the duration of cough in children (Clinicaltrials.gov no. NCT04073251).
Effectiveness Of Fiberoptic Phototherapy Compared To Conventional Phototherapy In Treating Hyperbilirubinemia Amongst Term Neonates: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Joel Helvi Ndeshihala , Mchaile Deborah , Philemon Rune , Mbwasi Ronald , Msuya Levina
Published: December 2020

Background: Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common problems in neonates. Effective treatment of jaundice requires therapeutic intervention with high quality phototherapy. Over recent years, several studies reported fiberoptic phototherapy to be less effective than conventional phototherapy in term neonates. Our study aimed to compare the effectiveness of fiberoptic phototherapy with a larger illuminated area and higher irradiance to conventional phototherapy methods. Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial conducted at the Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC). A total of 41 term neonates, less than 7 days of age with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were randomized. Thirteen (13) neonates were allocated to receive fiberoptic phototherapy, 13 to blue light conventional phototherapy and 15 to white light conventional phototherapy. Effectiveness was assessed by comparing the duration of phototherapy, bilirubin reduction rate and side effects of treatment. The data was analyzed with the independent t-test.Results: The mean overall bilirubin reduction rate was comparable in the fiberoptic phototherapy group (0.74%/h) and the blue light conventional phototherapy group (0.84%/h), with no statistically significant difference (p-value 0.124). However, white light conventional phototherapy had a significantly lower mean overall bilirubin reduction rate (0.29%/h) as compared to fiberoptic phototherapy (p-value <0.001). The mean treatment duration of phototherapy was 69 h, 68 h and 90 h in the fiberoptic, blue light conventional and white light conventional phototherapy groups respectively. Side effects such as loose stool and skin rash were noted in some participants who received conventional phototherapy. No side effects of treatment were noted in the fiberoptic phototherapy group.Conclusion: The effectiveness of fiberoptic PT and blue light conventional PT were comparable in terms of bilirubin reduction rate and treatment duration, whereas fiberoptic phototherapy was more effective than white light conventional PT, with a significantly higher bilirubin reduction rate and shorter treatment duration. Fiberoptic phototherapy may mitigate side effects caused by conventional phototherapy.Trial registration: The Pan African Clinical Trial Registry, PACTR202004723570110. Registered 22nd April 2020- Retrospectively registered, http://www.pactr.org/
Genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in Raphanus sativus L. and their roles related to Fusarium oxysporum resistance
Authors: Ma Yinbo , Chhapekar Sushil Satish , Lu Lu , Oh Sangheon , Singh Sonam , Kim Chang Soo , Kim Seungho , Choi Gyung Ja , Lim Yong Pyo , Choi Su Ryun
Published: December 2020

Background: The nucleotide-binding site–leucine-rich repeat (NBS-LRR) genes are important for plant development and disease resistance. Although genome-wide studies of NBS-encoding genes have been performed in several species, the evolution, structure, expression, and function of these genes remain unknown in radish (Raphanus sativus L.). A recently released draft R. sativus L. reference genome has facilitated the genome-wide identification and characterization of NBS-encoding genes in radish.Results: A total of 225 NBS-encoding genes were identified in the radish genome based on the essential NB-ARC domain through HMM search and Pfam database, with 202 mapped onto nine chromosomes and the remaining 23 localized on different scaffolds. According to a gene structure analysis, we identified 99 NBS-LRR-type genes and 126 partial NBS-encoding genes. Additionally, 80 and 19 genes respectively encoded an N-terminal Toll/interleukin-like domain and a coiled-coil domain. Furthermore, 72% of the 202 NBS-encoding genes were grouped in 48 clusters distributed in 24 crucifer blocks on chromosomes. The U block on chromosomes R02, R04, and R08 had the most NBS-encoding genes (48), followed by the R (24), D (23), E (23), and F (17) blocks. These clusters were mostly homogeneous, containing NBS-encoding genes derived from a recent common ancestor. Tandem (15 events) and segmental (20 events) duplications were revealed in the NBS family. Comparative evolutionary analyses of orthologous genes among Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica rapa, and Brassica oleracea reflected the importance of the NBS-LRR gene family during evolution. Moreover, examinations of cis-elements identified 70 major elements involved in responses to methyl jasmonate, abscisic acid, auxin, and salicylic acid. According to RNA-seq expression analyses, 75 NBS-encoding genes contributed to the resistance of radish to Fusarium wilt. A quantitative real-time PCR analysis revealed that RsTNL03 (Rs093020) and RsTNL09 (Rs042580) expression positively regulates radish resistance to Fusarium oxysporum, in contrast to the negative regulatory role for RsTNL06 (Rs053740).Conclusions: The NBS-encoding gene structures, tandem and segmental duplications, synteny, and expression profiles in radish were elucidated for the first time and compared with those of other Brassicaceae family members (A. thaliana, B. oleracea, and B. rapa) to clarify the evolution of the NBS gene family. These results may be useful for functionally characterizing NBS-encoding genes in radish.
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms: A long-term observational study
Authors: Li Rui , Lu Danli , Li Hao , Wang Yuge , Shu Yaqing , Chang Yanyu , Sun Xiaobo , Lu Zhengqi , Qiu Wei , Yang Zhi
Published: December 2020

Background: Early stage neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms are easily misdiagnosed; however, data on the full symptom profile are limited. Moreover, the clinical characteristics and long-term outcomes of these patients remain unknown. We sought to analyze the clinical characteristics, imaging features, and long-term outcomes of NMOSD with non-opticospinal manifestations as initial symptoms.Methods: We retrospectively included relevant patients from our center. Clinical, demographic, magnetic resonance imaging, treatment, and outcome data were compared according to the non-opticospinal vs. opticospinal initial symptoms. Results: We identified 43 (9.13%) patients with non-opticospinal initial symptoms among 471 patients with NMOSD. Of these, 88.37% developed optic neuritis/myelitis during an average follow-up period of 6.33 years. All the non-opticospinal symptoms were brain/brainstem symptoms. Most of the symptoms and associated brain lesions were reversible. These patients had a younger onset age (P < 0.001), lower serum aquaporin-4 (AQP4) antibody titers (P = 0.030), and a lower Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score at onset (P < 0.001) and follow-up (P = 0.041) than NMOSD patients with opticospinal initial symptoms. In addition, EDSS scores reached 3.0 (indicating moderate disability) later than in patients with opticospinal initial symptoms (P = 0.028).Conclusions: Patients with NMOSD with non-opticospinal initial symptoms have a younger onset age, lower serum AQP4 antibody titers, and better clinical outcomes.
The spatial distribution and plant specificity of Neuropterida in different forest sites in Southern Germany (Raphidioptera and Neuroptera).
Authors: Gruppe Axel , Schubert Holger
Published: December 2020

In Wäldern unterschiedlicher Struktur wurde die Neuropteriden-Fauna mit Fallen im Kronenraum sowie in Bodennähe erfaßt. Die fünf Wälder bilden einen Gradienten hinsichtlich der Baumartenzusammensetzung, der vom fichtendominierten Wirtschaftswald über Wirtschaftswälder mit zunehmendem Laubholzanteil bis hin zu einem ungenutzten Laubwald reicht.
In den Jahren 1995 bis 1997 wurden insgesamt 1396 Neuropterida aus 44 Arten der Familien Raphidiidae, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae und Chrysopidae gefangen. Die meisten Individuen und Arten traten in Lufteklektoren im Kronenraum auf. Die Artenzusammensetzung unterschied sich sowohl zwischen den Wäldern als auch zwischen den Baumarten. Die meisten Arten wurden auf Eiche (Quercus petraea) gefangen, gefolgt von Lärche (Larix decidua), Fichte (Picea abies) und Buche (Fagus sylvatica). 18 Arten traten in den Fängen selten auf. Die häufigeren Arte können in drei Gruppe eingeteilt werden, die i) vornehmlich auf Nadelhölzern, ii) vornehmlich auf Laubhölzern oder iii) auf beiden Gehölzarten gefangen wurden.StichwörterNeuropterida, Raphidioptera, Coniopterygidae, Hemerobiidae, Chrysopidae, canopy fauna, spatial distribution, plant specificity.
Arten der Hygrogeus-Gruppe aus dem Fernen Osten Russlands, aus Japan und China (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Anthophagini) (Beiträge zur Kenntnis ostpaläarktischer Insekten; 13).
Authors: Zerche Lothar
Published: December 2020

Geodromicus abdominalis sp. n. wird aus dem Fernen Osten Russlands (Primorskij Kraj) beschrieben und mit Geodromicus caliginosus (Sharp, 1889) und Geodromicus beibienkoi Tichomirova, 1973 verglichen. Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973 ist eine distinkte Art, kein Synonym von Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915. Die folgenden zwei neuen Synonyme werden festgestellt: Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973 = Psephidonus iburinus Watanabe, 1990 syn. n. und Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915 = Psephidonus nipponensis Watanabe, 1990 syn. n. Für Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915 wird der locus typicus präzisiert. Er liegt nicht im russischen Ost-Sibirien, sondern in der chinesischen Provinz Heilongjiang. Für neun Arten werden neue Funde mitgeteilt. Geodromicus lestevoides (Sharp, 1889) und Liophilydrodes puncticollis (Nakane & Sawada, 1956) sind neu für Russland. Für die sechs Arten der Hygrogeus-Gruppe des Fernen Ostens Russlands aus den Gattungen Geodromicus und Liophilydrodes wird eine Bestimmungstabelle gegeben.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Omaliinae, Geodromicus, Liophilydrodes, Philydrodes, new species, revalidation, new synonyms, key, Russian Far East, Japan, China.Nomenklatorische Handlungenabdominalis Zerche, 2003 (Geodromicus), spec. n.iburinus Watanabe, 1990 (Psephidonus), syn. n. of Geodromicus kirschenblati Tichomirova, 1973nipponensis Watanabe, 1990 (Psephidonus), syn. n. of Geodromicus sibiricus Bernhauer, 1915
The Heterotricha group in New Zealand (Diptera: Sciaroidea).
Authors: Jaschhof Mathias
Published: December 2020

Die Heterotricha-Gruppe sensu Chandler ist in Neuseeland mit fünf Arten vertreten. Neben Anisotricha novaezealandiae (Tonnoir) sind dies Anisotricha similis sp. n. sowie die einer neuen Gattung, Insulatricha gen. n., zugeordneten Arten I. catrinae sp. n., I. chandleri sp. n. und I. hippai sp. n. Neuseeland erweist sich damit als ein rezentes Verbreitungszentrum für die Heterotricha-Gruppe. Sowohl Anisotricha als auch Insulatricha gehören zum Kern der möglicherweise nicht monophyletischen Gruppe, stehen aber in keinem Schwestergruppen-Verhältnis. Die nächste Verwandtschaft von Insulatricha ist mit der Gattung Chiletricha Chandler in der südlichen Neotropis zu finden, während die Schwestergruppe von Anisotricha zunächst nicht erkennbar ist.StichwörterDiptera, Sciaroidea, Heterotricha group, taxonomy, new genus, new species, New Zealand.Nomenklatorische Handlungensimilis Jaschhof, 2004 (Anisotricha), spec. n.catrinae Jaschhof, 2004 (Insulatricha), spec. n.chandleri Jaschhof, 2004 (Insulatricha), spec. n.hippai Jaschhof, 2004 (Insulatricha), spec. n.Insulatricha Jaschhof, 2004 (Sciaridae), gen. n.
Revision of the genus Mniophila Stephens, 1831 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
Authors: Nadein Konstantin S.
Published: December 2020

Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Gattung Mniophila Stephens, 1831 revidiert. Es erfolgt eine Neube­schreibungen der Gattung und der Arten mit Differenzialdiagnosen und Angaben zur Verbreitung. Neue Daten bezüglich der Biologie werden ebenfalls vorgestellt. Drei neue Arten: Mniophila caucasica sp. n. aus dem Kaukasus (Russland, Abchasien, Georgien, Azerbaijan), Mniophila transcaucasica sp. n. aus Armenien und Georgia und Mniophila taurica sp. n. von der Krim werden beschrieben. Die Status der Art Mniophila bosnica Apfelbeck, 1914 bleibt erhalten. Mniophila muscorum turcica L. Medvedev, 1970 wird hingegen in den Status einer Art erhoben. Die Zuordnung zur Gattung von Mniophila exulans Samuelson, 1973 wird diskutiert.StichwörterColeoptera, Chrysomelidae, Alticini, Mniophila, revision, description, distribution, new species.Nomenklatorische Handlungencaucasica Nadein, 2009 (Mniophila), spec. n.taurica Nadein, 2009 (Mniophila), spec. n.transcaucasica Nadein, 2009 (Mniophila), spec. n.turcica L. Medvedev, 1970 (Mniophila), stat. rev. hitherto Mniophila muscorum turcica
Nuovi dati faunistici e tassonomici su Aleocharinae delle tribù Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini e Aleocharini del Sud­america (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae).
Authors: Pace Roberto
Published: December 2020

Es werden taxonomische und faunistische Angaben von 132 Aleocharinen aus dem Zoologischen Museum der Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, aus dem Deutschen Entomologischen Institut in Müncheberg und aus der Sammlung Herbert Franz aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Wien dargestellt. Dabei können 50 Arten in 4 Tribus (Lomechusini, Hoplandriini, Oxypodini und Aleocharini) und 19 Gattungen (Orphnebius, Apalonia, Myrmecoxenia, Macrogerodonia, Zyras, Abrophaena, Meoticaops, Apimela, Feluva, Idiostiba, Diacanthochara, Acrocyusa, Neocalodera, Spanioda, Tinotus, Platandria, Hoplandria, Ctenopeuca und Aleochara) determiniert werden. Weiterhin werden 37 Arten neu beschrieben, mit ähnlicher Art verglichen und illustriert. Schließlich werden 3 neue Kombinationen vorgeschlagen.StichwörterColeoptera, Staphylinidae, Aleocharinae, taxonomy, South America.Nomenklatorische Handlungenfranzi Pace, 2009 (Abrophaena), spec. n.forticornis Pace, 2009 (Acrocyusa), spec. n.catharinensis Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.debilis Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.laboriosa Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.maculifrons Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.obscura Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.pernambucoensis Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.seminigra Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.tupiorum Pace, 2009 (Apalonia), spec. n.boliviana Pace, 2009 (Apimela), spec. n.brasiliensis Pace, 2009 (Diacanthochara), spec. n.colubrina (Erichson, 1839) (Feluva), comb. n. hitherto Phloeopora colubrinaminuta Pace, 2009 (Feluva), spec. n.punctulata Pace, 2009 (Feluva), spec. n.alboapicalis Pace, 2009 (Hoplandria), spec. n.diaghita Pace, 2009 (Hoplandria), spec. n.venezuelensis Pace, 2009 (Idiostiba), spec. n.boliviana Pace, 2009 (Macrogerodonia), spec. n.paraensis Pace, 2009 (Macrogerodonia), spec. n.unidens Pace, 2009 (Macrogerodonia), spec. n.boliviensis Pace, 2009 (Meoticaops), spec. n.foveaventer Pace, 2009 (Myrmecoxenia), spec. n.regia Pace, 2009 (Myrmecoxenia), spec. n.gratella Pace, 2009 (Neocalodera), spec. n.iguazuensis Pace, 2009 (Neocalodera), spec. n.amazonicus Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.belemensis Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.caligatus Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.maracayensis Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.modestus Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.rioensis Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.satan Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.tarapotensis Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.transversus Pace, 2009 (Orphnebius), spec. n.crucis Pace, 2009 (Platandria), spec. n.brasiliana Pace, 2009 (Spanioda), spec. n.carinilabiatus Pace, 2009 (Zyras (Diaulaconia)), spec. n.
Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus).
Authors: Bertsch Andreas , Hrabé de Angelis Martin , Przemeck Gerhard K. H.
Published: December 2020

Königinnen von Bombus moderatus aus Alaska/USA und Alberta/Canada und von B. burjaeticus and B. patagiatus aus dem Russischen Transbaikal wurden an verschiedenen Orten im Frühjahr gefangen, um künstliche Kolonien zu züchten. Zusätzlich wurden Männchen von B. florilegus in Hokkaido/Japan gesammelt. Teilsequenzen (Länge 1005 bp) mitochondrialer Cytochrome Oxidase Untereinheit I (COI) wurde sequenziert. Zum Vergleich wurden auch Museumsproben von B. albocinctus und B. burjaeticus sequenziert. Die Divergenz der Sequenzen innerhalb der Taxa beträgt 1 bis 2 Basen-Substitutionen und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.001–0.002. Die Divergenz der Sequenzen zwischen B. moderatus, B. albocinctus und B. burjaeticus beträgt nur 1–5 Basen-Substitutionen und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.001–0.005, während die Divergenz der Sequenzen zwischen B. lucorum, B. magnus, B. patagiatus und B. cryptarum 22-44 Basen Substitutionen beträgt und die Tamura-Nei Genetische Distanz 0.027-0.042. Zusätzlich zu den Clustern für B. lucorum, B. magnus und B. patagiatus zeigt die Topologie des Phylogramms (MrBayes Maximum Likelihood Tree) ein umfangreiches Cluster, in dem B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. moderatus und B. florilegus vereinigt sind. Da die COI Sequenzen keine Lücken aufweisen, können die einzelnen Nukleotide wie homologe Positionen verwendet werden. Jedes Taxon besitzt 8–20 eigene Substitutionen, die als diagnostische Positionen zur Charakterisierung des Taxons verwendet werden können. Die Analyse der diagnostischen Positionen der Taxa bestätigt die Topologie des Maximum Likelihood Phylogramms. Um die Lücke zwischen den östlichsten bekannten Vorkommen von B. cryptarum im Kaukasus und im Elburz und den Vorkommen von B. burjaeticus/ B. albocinctus im Russischen Transbaikal und in Russisch Fernost zu überbrücken, wurden 12 weitere Museumsproben aus Zentralasiatischen Gebirgen und dem Himalaja sequenziert. Durch Analyse der diagnostischen Positionen der teilweise 100 Jahre alten DNA kann gezeigt werden, dass keine dieser Proben zu B. lucorum gehören kann, alle bilden ein Cluster mit den Taxa des cryptarum Komplexes.
Structure des ligneux des formations végétales de la Réserve de Pama (Sud-Est du Burkina Faso, Afrique de l’Ouest)
Authors: Mbayngone Elisée , Thiombiano Adjima , Hahn-Hadjali Karen , Guinko Sita
Published: December 2020

L’analyse de dix groupements ligneux et dix espèces dominantes a été faite du nombre de tiges à l’hectare et des classes de diamètre des populations correspondantes. Il ressort que les groupements les plus denses sont ceux à Combretum nigricans Lepr. ex Guill. & Perr., Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr., Acacia hockii De Wild. et A. dudgeoni Craib. ex Holland, tandis que les moins denses sont ceux à Gardenia ternifolia Schumach. & Thonn., Vitellaria paradoxa C. F. Gaertn. et Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh. La répartition des individus en classes de diamètre a révélé que tous les groupements sont stables, c’est-à-dire capables de se renouveler par la régénération naturelle. Mais la structure des espèces dominantes présente beaucoup d’irrégularités liées à leurs exigences écologiques, aux feux de brousse et aux attaques d’éléphants. Toutefois, la plasticité écologique et la biologie de certaines espèces leur confèrent assez de structures de populations stables.
Executive Compensation, Ownership Structure and Dividend Payout: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Subramaniam Ravichandran K. , Teh Chee Ghee , Thangarajah Murugasu
Published: December 2020

This study seeks to present the relationship between executive compensation, dividend payout policy and ownership structure of listed firms in Malaysia. We examine a panel data on a sample of 300 of the largest Malaysian public listed companies (PLCs) on Bursa Malaysia for the years 2008 to 2014. Based on 2,009 firm-year observations, our results show consistent empirical positive evidence on the association between dividend payout and executive compensation across all models. However, the results are inconsistent with Bhattacharyya model of dividend payout. Further, there is evidence that government and family ownerships are positively associated with dividend payout. Our results show that the positive relationship between executive compensation and dividend payout is more evident in politically connected firms (PCON firms) which is consistent with the clientele (catering) theory.
The marketing channels for fresh fruit bunches at farmers palm oil plantation
Authors: Sarkum Sumitro , Elizabeth Mustamu Novilda , Juni Yanris Gomal
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the marketing channels for Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) of palm oil plantations of farmers in Labuhanbatu Regency, which are carried out by traders, causing price fluctuations. The research method was based on library research, field research and qualitative analysis of primary data collected through interviews with a number of farmers, collector traders, and palm oil mills in Labuhanbatu and surrounding areas. The results of this study showed the real price fluctuations in the FFB trade in Labuhanbatu Regency, while the marketing function of farmers and the supply chain showed the same thing, even though they had different expenses for that function. Whereas the share margin found in the findings of this study was 62% with a marketing efficiency level of 30%. The study also found that FFB marketing channels in Labuhanbatu District had eight channel levels, but this research only confirmed one level, namely the third marketing channel. Thus, this study suggests that follow-up research will explore the remaining seven channels with similar and different topics and issues.
CONDIÇÕES CRÔNICAS NA ATENÇÃO PRIMÁRIA À SAÚDE: INTERVENÇÃO PARA DETECÇÃO PRECOCE DO ADOECIMENTO RENAL
Authors: Sampaio Maria Auxiliadora Resende , Oliveira Karine Da Silva , Silva Juliane Braga da , Morais Cirliane De Araújo , Soares Stela Lopes , Lourinho Lidia Andrade
Published: December 2020

As Doenças Crônicas não transmissíveis são responsáveis por cerca de 63% do total de óbitos ocorridos no mundo, enquanto no Brasil, correspondem a 72,4% da mortalidade. Assim, a fim de reverter tal cenário, é de fundamental realizar não apenas o diagnóstico das condições crônicas de base mas o seu adequado manejo e principalmente a identificação precoce da lesão renal, além do desenvolvimento de ações de prevenção e promoção da saúde como o rastreamento de novos casos da DRC nas comunidades. O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral desenvolver ações de Educação Permanente para profissionais de saúde com foco na identificação precoce do adoecimento renal em um Centro de Saúde da Família (CSF) do município de Sobral/ CE. Foi realizada uma pesquisa-intervenção de abordagem qualitativa no mês de dezembro de 2019 em um CSF. Participaram da intervenção 24 profissionais e através da ferramenta metodológica do Arco de Maguerez os participantes julgaram como aplicáveis e de fácil execução a maioria das atribuições e diretrizes norteadoras do cuidado a pessoa com DRC. Foram elaboradas ações contemplativas a cinco estratégias com o fim de acompanhamento de pacientes com fatores de risco para DRC: A realização de atividades educativas  à população; EPS para os profissionais; estratificação de risco para HAS, DM e DRC; atendimentos multiprofissionais e melhora da comunicação com a RAS. É imperativa a continuidade de estudos semelhantes que utilizem da Educação Permanente em Saúde para discutir a Doença Renal Crônica no contexto da Atenção Primária.
Use of polysorbate 20 and sodium thiosulfate to enhance sewage sludge dewaterability by bioleaching
Authors: Zhao Jie , Gao Jingqing , Liu Junzhao
Published: December 2020

Dewatering of sludge is a key problem that must be solved in the sewage sludge disposal industry. In this study, a series of process optimization tests were conducted to learn how to improve sludge treatment. The optimum process of sludge leaching treatment was studied in a specially designed 100-L reactor system. Four factors were investigated and nine batches of bioleaching tests were run at three levels of these factors. Orthogonal experiments showed that the effect of sludge return ratio and aeration rate on the sludge moisture content was significant and hydraulic retention time (HRT) had a clear effect, but nutrient types had a reduced effect on the moisture content of sludge. The primary and secondary order of each factor is reflux ratio > aeration rate > HRT > nutrient type. Under the optimal process, three batches of sludge were processed and the moisture content of the filter press cake was reduced to less than 60%, the organic matter content reduced to below 5%, and the concentration of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr) was much lower than the agricultural standard limit, which is suitable for landscaping, composting, and incineration power generation and other resource applications.
Medico-Social Significance of Section Caesarea as the Preferred Method for Birth
Authors: Radeva Svetlana
Published: December 2020

A caesarean section (CS / SC), also known as a “caesarean section” (C-section; SC), is a surgical procedure in which the birth of a fetus occurs surgically. This procedure is usually used when a normal (vaginal) birth would endanger the life or health of a pregnant woman or a child. According to international medical institutions and WHO the optimal caesarean section rate is between 10% and 15%. The world health organization (WHO) recommends that a caesarean section is performed only on the basis of a valid medical reason. Practice shows that they evaluate cases when a caesarean section is also performed at will (by a pregnant woman) without any medical indications for this. The purpose of this study is to study the attitude of pregnant women to the method of delivery and concious choice in our country. Material and methods: the database of NSI (National statistical Institute) and NHI (National health insurance) was studied, as well as the opinions of 120 pregnant women and 345 women who gave birth. For the needs of the study, a documentary method, a statistical (survey) method, and contextual analysis were used. The study was conducted in August 2019 – May 2020 in the city of Varna.
Novas abordagens em psiquiatria no século XXI: a escola como lócus de prevenção e promoção em saúde mental
Authors: Amaral Letícia Hummel , Caponi Sandra
Published: December 2020

Este trabalho analisou a emergência de um novo ramo da psiquiatria biológica no Brasil do século XXI, designada psiquiatria do desenvolvimento, e as estratégias para legitimar-se e disseminar seus saberes especializados na sociedade, sobretudo no campo educacional. Por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, observou-se que os discursos e práticas deste ramo da psiquiatria colocam a escola como lócus privilegiado para intervenções preventivas e de promoção de saúde mental de crianças e adolescentes. A partir de diversas iniciativas, tais como a mobilização de sistema de inteligência artificial para rastreio de transtornos mentais na escola, a psiquiatria do desenvolvimento orienta e instrumentaliza educadores na identificação e manejo de problemas de saúde mental, conforme sua perspectiva, e assim também, no encaminhamento de alunos “suspeitos” ou “em risco” para avaliação em unidades de saúde. Trata-se de uma nova investida da psiquiatria no universo escolar que concorre fortemente para a ampliação do processo de medicalização da infância no país.
Promoção do letramento versus medicalização no Ensino Superior: contribuições de uma abordagem fonoaudiológica
Authors: Vieira Sammia Klann , Tonocchi Rita de Cássia , Berberian Ana Paula
Published: December 2020

Dentre as mudanças que vem ocorrendo no Ensino Superior brasileiro em função da expansão do ingresso de pessoas nesse nível de formação, interessa destacar a heterogeneidade dos acadêmicos quanto às diversas e desiguais condições de letramento. Parte-se do pressuposto de que tais condições são determinantes para a efetiva acessibilidade e para uma formação acadêmico-profissional de qualidade. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar as contribuições de uma abordagem clínica fonoaudiológica baseada na perspectiva sócio-histórica, junto a um acadêmico diagnosticado como disléxico, enfocando aspectos discursivos, textuais e normativos da linguagem escrita. Trata-se de um estudo de caso, de cunho qualitativo, longitudinal e retrospectivo. Essa mudança permitiu ao sujeito reconhecer-se como autor, ocupar um lugar de leitor e escritor capaz e entender a sua relação com a linguagem escrita como um processo contínuo, social e historicamente constituído.
Current Study of Medicinal Chemistry for Treating Spinal Tuberculosis
Authors: Wang Biao , Wang Yuhang , Hao Dingjun
Published: December 2020

Tuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is one of the oldest diseases
in the world and is one of the top ten causes of death in the world, ranking first mortality
in infectious diseases, far beyond the frightening disease AIDS. Besides that, spinal
tuberculosis is the most common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis, accounting for approximately
1 to 3% of all tuberculosis cases, and accounting for 50% of musculoskeletal
infections. However, the drug-resistant situation of spinal tuberculosis is still challenging
world wide. This situation directly leads that spinal tuberculosis has a high disability rate
and is difficult to treat, which causes a heavy burden to patients, families and society.
Therefore, it has been one of the focuses of tuberculosis researchers and spine doctors.
Considering that, in this review, we aim to overview the current studies that focused on
the novel understanding of current spinal tuberculosis medicine usage and extensive explorations
for treating this severe disease.
Recent Development in Substituted Benzothiazole as an Anticonvulsant Agent
Authors: Kale Amol , Kakde Rajendra , Pawar Smita , Thombare Rutuja
Published: December 2020

:

Heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives gained more attention due to their valuable
biological and pharmacological properties. Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic structure containing a bicyclic
ring system with a large panel of applications. The benzothiazole is present in many new products
undergoing research hoping that it possesses various biological activities.

:

Epilepsy is a diverse group of diseases marked by neuronal excitability and hypersynchronous neuronal
activity of motor, sensory or autonomic events with or without loss of consciousness.

:

Presently, many antiepileptic drugs like lamotrigine, stiripentol tiagabine, pregabalin, felbamate, and
topiramate are available and effective towards 60-80% of patients only, along with undesirable side
effects, such as hepatotoxicity, gastrointestinal disturbance, drowsiness, gingival hyperplasia, and hirsutism.
Thus, many attempts are still on-going to develop antiepileptic drugs with a safer profile.

:

This review is mainly focused on the compilation of reported scientific literature data in the recent
one-decade on the anticonvulsant activity of benzothiazole compounds.
Functionalized Biogenic Nanoparticles for use in Emerging Biomedical Applications: A Review
Authors: Das Samvidha , Bhardwaj Aman , Pandey Lalit M.
Published: December 2020

Background:

The widespread uses of nanomaterials for healthcare and biomedical applications such as their
anti-cancer activity, anti-oxidant activity and antimicrobial activity, have been avidly studied in recent decades. Owing to
the cytotoxicity and harmful by-product generation associated with chemical reagents, plant and microbial-based approach
have been preferred for the synthesis purposes.

Results:

These synthesized nanoparticles possess characteristic properties attributed to their nano-size compared to their
macroscopic counterparts. Further, the functionalization of nanomaterials via chemical, physical and biofunctionalization
techniques improves the intrinsic, tactile, and associated properties of materials and devices. The functionalized nanomaterials have been explored for the improved colloidal stability, development of smart nanocapsules, DNA-nanoparticles conjugates, protein-nanoparticles conjugates and nano-antibiotics.

Conclusion:

In this review, the synthesis of biogenic nanoparticles, their properties and applications are explored, and its
surface modification and implications towards improved properties are emphasized.
Hora do TikTok: análise exploratória do potencial político da rede no Brasil
Authors: Kleina Nilton Cesar Monastier
Published: December 2020

O presente estudo faz uma análise das possibilidades de uso político no Brasil do TikTok, especificando as potencialidades do aplicativo de origem chinesa que mistura rede social com o compartilhamento de vídeos de curta duração. A plataforma ainda é recente e voltada ao entretenimento, mas bastante popular e com potencial para ativismo, campanha eleitoral ou simples manifestação de opinião. Para isso, o estudo realiza uma revisão da literatura já existente sobre a rede social e o seu impacto social. Em um segundo momento, postagens que utilizam a hashtags “política” são analisadas para identificar, de forma inicial e exploratória, os formatos já populares e o tipo de conteúdo veiculado. Como resultado, nota-se que o TikTok ainda é pouco estudado em interface com a Comunicação política, porém a busca sugere que há espaço para conteúdos politizados, inclusive com altos números de visualização e interação. Trechos recortados de outras fontes ainda são o formato predominante, mas é possível que publicações que usam filtros de som e imagem — e já são característicos do aplicativo — sejam mais utilizados com o tempo.DOI: 10.21882/ruc.v8i15.843 Recebido em: 20/10/2020 Aceito em: 19/11/2020
Male fertility: review of the publications of July - September 2020
Authors: Rogozin D. S.
Published: December 2020

The article provides an overview of the most significant publications on the male infertility topic. The main selection criteria were considered the practical significance of the article, as well as the impact factor of the journal in which it was published, according to the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). As a result, a list of 10 works published in the third quarter (July - September) of 2020 was formed. The review included articles on the following issues: redox balance in the male reproductive system, advanced paternal age, the effect of a new nasal form of testosterone on fertility, the correlation of PSA levels with infertility, as well as new data on the effect of COVID-19 on male fertility.
Clinical implications of using questionnaires in elderly men with urinary disorders
Authors: Dudarev V. A. , Startsev V. Yu. , Baksheeva E. G.
Published: December 2020

Introduction. The frequency of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) progression associated with prostatic hyperplasia in elderly men is increasing despite improvements in early diagnosis methods and the emergence of new drugs. Questionnaires are used to assess the patient's condition on primary admission and to monitor the effectiveness of medical procedures to diagnose the severity of LUTS in clinical practice.Purpose of the study. To compare the effectiveness of LUTS diagnosis in elderly men using different scales: the International Prostate Symptom Index (IPSS) and the Visual Prostate Symptom Scale (VPSS) for differential analysis of the cognitive impairment degree.Materials and methods. The study included 56 men, residents of the Trans-Baikal Territory, over the age of 50 with LUTS of varying severity. All patients completed the VPSS and IPSS questionnaires (IPSS1) independently. Subsequently, the IPSS questionnaire (IPSS2) was completed in cooperation with the urologist. Additionally, respondents were questioned using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCa-test) to determine the degree of dementia and other cognitive impairments.Results. All patients were divided into 3 groups after analyzing the results of the MoCa test: I — patients with signs of dementia, II — with cognitive impairments, III — no cognitive impairments. The predicted differences were obtained when comparing the results of IPSS1 / IPSS2: the greatest differences were in the patients of the first group (76.47%; p < 0.05), the smallest in the third group (12.5%; p > 0.05); there was an increase in the severity of LUTS with self-completion of questionnaires (IPSS1). When evaluating a similar indicator on the VPSS questionnaire, compared with a more objective response with the participation of a physician (IPSS2), statistically significant differences were not obtained in all groups of participants.Conclusion. The dependence of the objectivity of filling out the questionnaires for the diagnosis of LUTS on the severity of cognitive impairments and the age of the respondents was revealed. A reliable correlation of VPSS indicators with the indices of the validated IPSS scale was established. The new questionnaire may be in demand in the clinical practice of a urologist to assess the degree of LUTS in elderly men, as an alternative to the generally accepted IPSS scale, especially in patients with age-related dementia and other cognitive impairments.