bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CML in the very elderly: the impact of comorbidities and TKI selection in a real-life multicenter study
Authors: Rozental Alon , Halperin Erez , Leibovitch Chiya , Barzili Meirav , Michowitz Maya Koren- , Duek Adrian , Rozovski Uri , Extermann Martine , Raanani Pia , Shacham-Abulafia Adi
Published: June 2024

Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have greatly improved chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) treatments, with survival rates close to the general population. Yet, for the very elderly, robust data remains limited. This study focused on assessing comorbidities, treatment approaches, responses, and survival for elderly CML patients. Our study was conducted on 123 elderly (≥ 75 years) CML patients across four centers in Israel and Moffitt Cancer Center, USA. The median age at diagnosis was 79.1 years, with 44.7% being octogenarians. Comorbidities were very common; cardiovascular risk factors (60%), cardiovascular diseases (42%), with a median age-adjusted Charlson Comorbidity Index (aaCCI) of 5. Imatinib was the leading first-line therapy (69%), while the use of second-generation TKIs increased post-2010. Most patients achieved a major molecular response (MMR, 66.7%), and half achieved a deep molecular response (DMR, 50.4%). Over half (52.8%) of patients moved to second-line, and nearly a quarter (23.5%) to third-line treatments, primarily due to intolerance. Overall survival (OS) was notably longer in patients with an aaCCI score below 5, and in patients who attained DMR. Contrary to expectations, the Israeli cohort showed a shorter actual life expectancy than projected, suggesting a larger impact of CML on elderly survival. In summary, imatinib remains the main initial treatment, but second-generation TKIs are on the rise among elderly CML patients. Outcomes in elderly CML patients depend on comorbidities, TKI type, response, and age, underscoring the need for personalized therapy and additional research on TKI effectiveness and safety.
Circulating subpopulations of non-cytotoxic ILCs in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Chwieduk Agata , Smagur A. , Głowala-Kosińska M. , Borzdziłowska P. , Fidyk W. , Mitrus I. , Wilkiewicz M. , Hadryś A. , Cortez A. J. , Giebel S.
Published: June 2024

Non-cytotoxic innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) have been added to the list of immune cells that may contribute to the tumor microenvironment. Elevated levels of total ILCs and their subgroups have been reported in peripheral blood and tissue samples from patients with solid tumors, but their frequency in non-Hodgkin lymphomas, particularly diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), has not been clearly established. This study examined frequency and subset distribution in newly diagnosed DLBCL patients (nodal and extra-nodal) and compared it with blood specimens from healthy donors. The percentage of total ILCs (Lin − CD127+) was assessed by flow cytometry, as well as the four ILC subsets, defined as ILC1 (Lin − CD127 + cKit − CRTH2−), ILC2 (Lin − CD127 + cKit+/- CRTH2+), ILCp NCR- (Lin − CD127 + cKit + CRTH2- NKp46-) and NCR + ILC3 (Lin − CD127 + cKit + NKp46+). In the studied group of patients (n = 54), significantly lower levels of circulating total ILCs, ILC1, and ILCp NCR- were observed compared to the control group (n = 43). Similarly, there was a statistically significant decrease in the median frequency of NKp46 + ILC3 cells in lymphoma patients. Analysis of the ILC2 subpopulation showed no significant differences. The correlation of the distribution of individual subpopulations of ILCs with the stage and location of the tumor was also demonstrated. Our results suggest that circulating ILCs are activated and differentiated and/or differentially recruited to the lymph nodes or tumor microenvironment where they may be involved in antitumor defense. However, our observations require confirmation in functional studies.
Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of Dravet syndrome modifier loci on mouse chromosomes 7 and 8
Authors: Hawkins Nicole A. , Speakes Nathan , Kearney Jennifer A.
Published: June 2024

Dravet syndrome is a developmental and epileptic encephalopathy (DEE) characterized by intractable seizures, comorbidities related to developmental, cognitive, and motor delays, and a high mortality burden due to sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP). Most Dravet syndrome cases are attributed to SCN1A haploinsufficiency, with genetic modifiers and environmental factors influencing disease severity. Mouse models with heterozygous deletion of Scn1a recapitulate key features of Dravet syndrome, including seizures and premature mortality; however, severity varies depending on genetic background. Here, we refined two Dravet survival modifier (Dsm) loci, Dsm2 on chromosome 7 and Dsm3 on chromosome 8, using interval-specific congenic (ISC) mapping. Dsm2 was complex and encompassed at least two separate loci, while Dsm3 was refined to a single locus. Candidate modifier genes within these refined loci were prioritized based on brain expression, strain-dependent differences, and biological relevance to seizures or epilepsy. High priority candidate genes for Dsm2 include Nav2, Ptpn5, Ldha, Dbx1, Prmt3 and Slc6a5, while Dsm3 has a single high priority candidate, Psd3. This study underscores the complex genetic architecture underlying Dravet syndrome and provides insights into potential modifier genes that could influence disease severity and serve as novel therapeutic targets.
Continental cold-air-outbreaks under the varying stratosphere-troposphere coupling regimes during stratospheric Northern Annular Mode events
Authors: Yu Yueyue , Ren Rongcai , Li Yafei , Yu Xueting , Yang Xuhui , Liu Bowen , Sun Ming
Published: June 2024

A Stratospheric Northern Annular Mode (SNAM) phase-based composite analysis reveals that continental Cold Air Outbreaks (CAOs) can occur during both positive and negative SNAM events. CAOs tend to occur over Asia, characterized by a meridional-dipole surface temperature anomaly pattern (cold midlatitudes and warm high-latitudes) when the SNAM index is decreasing or the stratospheric polar vortex is weakening, but over North America and Europe with a meridionally-homogeneous pattern when the SNAM index is increasing or the stratospheric polar vortex is strengthening. While the decreasing SNAM is dominated by a stronger stratospheric poleward warm branch (WB-ST) of the isentropic meridional mass circulation and vice versa, the CAOs always follow a stronger tropospheric poleward warm branch (WB-TR) and an equatorward cold branch (CB) of the isentropic meridional mass circulation. The correspondence between the stronger/weaker WB-ST and stronger/weaker WB-TR&CB during majority of SNAM phases (referred to as stratosphere-troposphere coupling regimes) is responsible for the CAOs in Asia. During the remaining phases (stratosphere-troposphere decoupling regimes), in accompany with a weaker/stronger WB-ST, the WB-TR&CB are stronger/weaker and relates to the CAOs occurred in North America and Europe. The coupling regimes when the stratospheric polar vortex is weakening/strengthening are mainly attributed to the E-P flux convergence/divergence from the middle troposphere to the lower stratosphere, the larger wave amplitude throughout the column, and anomalous tropospheric wave flux mainly in the Asia in subpolar latitudes. The decoupling regimes, however, are mainly related to the anomalous westward-tilting of waves and the wave flux reflection toward the North America or Europe.
Long-term outcomes of ADEM-like and tumefactive presentations of CNS demyelination: a case-comparison analysis
Authors: Arnett Simon V. , Prain Kerri , Ramanathan Sudarshini , Bhuta Sandeep , Brilot Fabienne , Broadley Simon A.
Published: June 2024

A minority of initial multiple sclerosis (MS) presentations clinically or radiologically resemble other central nervous system (CNS) pathologies, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) or tumefactive demyelination (atypical demyelination presentations). With the aim of better defining the long-term outcomes of this group we have performed a retrospective cohort comparison of atypical demyelination versus ‘typical’ MS presentations. Twenty-seven cases with atypical presentations (both first and subsequent demyelinating events) were identified and compared with typical MS cases. Disease features analysed included relapse rates, disability severity, whole brain and lesion volumes, lesion number and distribution. Atypical cases represented 3.9% of all MS cases. There was considerable overlap in the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of ADEM-like and tumefactive demyelination cases. ADEM-like cases tended to be younger but not significantly so. Atypical cases showed a trend towards higher peak expanded disability severity score (EDSS) score at the time of their atypical presentation. Motor, cranial nerve, cerebellar, cerebral and multifocal presentations were all more common in atypical cases, and less likely to present with optic neuritis. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) white cell counts were higher in atypical cases (p = 0.002). One atypical case was associated with peripheral blood myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies, but subsequent clinical and radiological course was in keeping with MS. There was no difference in long-term clinical outcomes including annualised relapse rates (ARR), brain volume, lesion numbers or lesion distributions. Atypical demyelination cases were more likely to receive high potency disease modifying therapy early in the course of their illness. Despite the severity of initial illness, our cohort analysis suggests that atypical demyelination presentations do not confer a higher risk of long-term adverse outcomes.
Random Meander Model for Links
Authors: Owad Nicholas , Tsvietkova Anastasiia
Published: June 2024

We suggest a new random model for links based on meander diagrams and graphs. We then prove that trivial links appear with vanishing probability in this model, no link L is obtained with probability 1, and there is a lower bound for the number of non-isotopic knots obtained for a fixed number of crossings. A random meander diagram is obtained through matching pairs of parentheses, a well-studied problem in combinatorics. Hence tools from combinatorics can be used to investigate properties of random links in this model, and, moreover, of the respective 3-manifolds that are link complements in 3-sphere. We use this for exploring geometric properties of a link complement. Specifically, we give expected twist number of a link diagram and use it to bound expected hyperbolic and simplicial volume of random links. The tools from combinatorics that we use include Catalan and Narayana numbers, and Zeilberger’s algorithm.
Fragmenting any Parallelepiped into a Signed Tiling
Authors: Doolittle Joseph , McDonough Alex
Published: June 2024

It is broadly known that any parallelepiped tiles space by translating copies of itself along its edges. In earlier work relating to higher-dimensional sandpile groups, the second author discovered a novel construction which fragments the parallelepiped into a collection of smaller tiles. These tiles fill space with the same symmetry as the larger parallelepiped. Their volumes are equal to the components of the multi-row Laplace determinant expansion, so this construction only works when all of these signs are non-negative (or non-positive). In this work, we extend the construction to work for all parallelepipeds, without requiring the non-negative condition. This naturally gives tiles with negative volume, which we understand to mean canceling out tiles with positive volume. In fact, with this cancellation, we prove that every point in space is contained in exactly one more tile with positive volume than tile with negative volume. This is a natural definition for a signed tiling. Our main technique is to show that the net number of signed tiles doesn’t change as a point moves through space. This is a relatively indirect proof method, and the underlying structure of these tilings remains mysterious.
Ethische Aspekte von Todes- und Suizidwünschen älterer Menschen in der Pflege und für Pflegefachpersonen
Authors: Riedel Annette , Klotz Karen , Heidenreich Thomas
Published: June 2024

Todes- und Suizidwünsche älterer Menschen stellen ein relevantes und moralisch herausforderndes Thema für Pflegefachpersonen dar. Insbesondere im Zusammenhang möglicher Wünsche nach Suizidassistenz wächst das Potenzial moralischer Ungewissheit bis hin zu Moral Distress. Im Setting der ambulanten und stationären Langzeitpflege erweist sich die professionelle Sensibilität und ethische Einordnung gegenüber geäußerten Todes- und Suizidwünschen als besonders bedeutsam, denn sowohl die Suizidraten als auch die Anfragen nach Suizidassistenz sind Studien zufolge bei Menschen über 65 Jahren hoch. Dieser Sachverhalt unterstreicht zugleich die Bedeutsamkeit der jüngst auch durch die Bundesregierung gestärkten Suizidprävention und den Auftrag, ein entsprechendes Gesetz hierfür auf den Weg zu bringen. Die situative Konfrontation der Pflegefachpersonen mit Todes- und Suizidwünschen kann aufgrund der aktuell in der Praxis vorherrschenden rechtlichen Unsicherheiten – so unsere Hypothese – ein ethisches Spannungsfeld zwischen einem vorurteilsfreien, offenen, empathischen und respektvollen Aufgreifen von Todes- und Suizidwünschen einerseits und dem Ziel der Suizidprävention andererseits hervorrufen. Internationale Studien verweisen auf das Potenzial von Moral Distress von Pflegefachpersonen in der Konfrontation mit Todes- und Suizidwünschen. Diese Erkenntnisse und die Bezugnahme auf die aktuellen rechtlichen Unsicherheiten und Rahmenbedingungen im nationalen Kontext untermauern die Bedeutsamkeit der professionsbezogenen Auseinandersetzung mit der Thematik, die Notwendigkeit (zukünftige) Pflegefachpersonen für potenzielle ethische Spannungsfelder zu sensibilisieren und einen kompetenten Umgang mit der einhergehenden moralischen Ungewissheit zu ermöglichen.
Markov processes on quasi-random graphs
Authors: Keliger D.
Published: June 2024

We study Markov population processes on large graphs, with the local state transition rates of a single vertex being a linear function of its neighborhood. A simple way to approximate such processes is by a system of ODEs called the homogeneous mean-field approximation (HMFA). Our main result is showing that HMFA is guaranteed to be the large graph limit of the stochastic dynamics on a finite time horizon if and only if the graph-sequence is quasi-random. An explicit error bound is given and it is $$\frac{1}{\sqrt{N}}$$

1

N

plus the largest discrepancy of the graph. For Erdős–Rényi and random regular graphs we show an error bound of order the inverse square root of the average degree. In general, diverging average degrees is shown to be a necessary condition for the HMFA to be accurate. Under special conditions, some of these results also apply to more detailed type of approximations like the inhomogenous mean field approximation (IHMFA). We pay special attention to epidemic applications such as the SIS process.
Multicriteria decision support under uncertainty: combining outranking methods with Bayesian networks
Authors: Cebesoy Melodi , Tuncer Şakar Ceren , Yet Barbaros
Published: June 2024

Assessing alternative solutions that have uncertain evaluations in conflicting multiple criteria is not straightforward. Probabilistic models such as Bayesian networks (BNs) can effectively model and represent the uncertainty in such problems, but they do not include built-in mechanisms to guide different decision makers (DMs) with varying preferences toward the final decision. We propose a systematic approach to combine outranking methods with BNs to provide decision support for solutions with multiple and conflicting criteria under uncertainty. The proposed approach is based on Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation (PROMETHEE), and it offers different levels of precision and flexibility to the DMs in assessing the solutions. Our approach includes graphical tools and summary metrics to enhance the presentation of its results to the DMs. We test our approach with a case study on supplier selection where the uncertainty in supplier performances is modeled with a BN. We demonstrate that the proposed approach can enable the joint use of multiple criteria techniques with probabilistic modeling techniques like BNs to provide decision support in complex environments including uncertainty.
Exploring Within-Gender Differences in Friendships Using an Online Social Network
Authors: Pollo Pietro , Reynolds Tania A. , Blake Khandis R. , Kasumovic Michael M.
Published: June 2024

People tend to befriend others similar to themselves, generating a pattern called homophily. However, existing studies on friendship patterns often rely on surveys that assess the perspective of relatively few participants on their friendships but do not measure actualized friendship patterns. Here, we used data from a large Slovakian online social network to assess the role of gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) in same-gender online connections among more than 400,000 users. We found that age and BMI homophily occurred in both men’s and women’s same-gender connections, but somewhat more strongly among men’s. Yet, as women diverged in BMI, their connections were less likely to be reciprocated. We discuss how the evolutionary legacy of men’s coalitional competition (e.g., warfare) and women’s mating competition or recruitment of allocare providers might contribute to these patterns in modern same-gender relationships. For example, men’s engagement in physical activities may lead to similar formidability levels among their same-gender peers. Altogether, our findings highlight the importance of trait similarity to same-gender friendship patterns.
Navigating virtual english learning horizons:
a study on students’ use of 360° videos in self-directed
learning
Authors: Boudouaia Azzeddine , Li Yan , Shadiev Rustam , Xie Yi
Published: June 2024

360° videos have yielded satisfactory outcomes in English
learning. However, there exists a dearth of research that delves into the efficacy
of these videos for self-directed learning of English. This study aimed to
investigate the factors that influence students’ use of 360° videos in
self-directed learning of English by using the integrative model of behavior
prediction as the theoretical background. The study sample consisted of 457
university students from China. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The
questionnaire entailed few open questions and 26 items distributed among six
factors: Attitudes, self-efficacy, subjective norms, behavioral intention,
self-regulated skills, and actual use. SPSS 22.0, JASP, and SmartPLS 4 were used for
data analysis. The results revealed significant direct effects of attitudes and
self-efficacy on behavioral intention and direct effects of behavioral intention and
self-regulated skills on actual behavior. However, the results showed that
subjective norms and self-regulated skills did not have a direct effect on the
behavioral intention, and that behavioral intention did not affect actual behavior
through self-regulated skills. The implementation of 360° videos garnered
interest among students for self-directed learning of English. The influence of
self-regulatory skills on the utilization of 360° videos is noteworthy, as it
may contribute to fostering a sense of ease and comfort among students and other
stakeholders.
Motivating students in competency-based education programmes: designing blended learning environments
Authors: Marcellis Marco , Frerejean Jimmy , Bredeweg Bert , Brand-Gruwel Saskia , van Merrienboer Jeroen J. G.
Published: June 2024

Contemporary education increasingly involves a blended learning environment, which consists of a combination of offline and online delivery methods. Blended learning environments can motivate students to learn, but designing motivating blended learning environments is challenging and can result in environments that demotivate students. This conceptual article proposes a blended learning design that helps practitioners to design motivating blended learning environments. According to self-determination theory, students are motivated to learn when their three basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness are supported. Competency-based education (CBE) is intended to support students’ basic psychological needs. We have constructed design guidance for CBE programmes that help practitioners to design a combination of offline and online delivery methods that (1) give students choices in time and place to support their need for autonomy, (2) adapt to students’ competency levels to support their need for competence, and (3) stimulate students’ relationship building with peers and teachers to support their need for relatedness. Although the design guidance is tentative, practitioners can experiment with it to design blended learning environments that motivate students to learn.
Social music discovery: an ethical recommendation system based on friend’s preferred songs
Authors: Furini Marco , Fragnelli Francesca
Published: June 2024

Music recommendation systems have become ubiquitous in today’s world, but they raise ethical concerns related to bias, discrimination, and lack of transparency. To address these issues, we propose a recommendation system that combines content-based and collaborative filtering approaches within three different recommendation algorithms. These algorithms create playlists that mimic the user’s listening habits while identifying similar tracks within the listening histories of the user’s friends. To evaluate the effectiveness of our system, we asked ten participants to rate a total of ninety playlists. The results showed high satisfaction among participants with the playlists generated by two of the proposed recommendation algorithms. Specifically, participants who preferred to stay within their musical comfort zone appreciated one specific recommendation algorithm, while those who were willing to explore new music tended appreciated the other recommendation algorithm. In summary, by leveraging the user’s social connections, our proposed system provides a more transparent and ethical approach to music recommendations. It provides a personalized and enjoyable music discovery experience that considers the nuances of individual musical taste and preferences. These findings suggest the potential impact of our proposal in addressing ethical concerns and enhancing user satisfaction in music recommendation services.
Snap-back repellers and chaos in a class of discrete-time memristor circuits
Authors: Di Marco Mauro , Forti Mauro , Pancioni Luca , Tesi Alberto
Published: June 2024

In the last decade the flux-charge analysis method (FCAM) has been successfully used to show that continuous-time (CT) memristor circuits possess for structural reasons first integrals (invariants of motion) and their state space can be foliated in invariant manifolds. Consequently, they display an initial condition dependent dynamics, extreme multistability (coexistence of infinitely many attractors) and bifurcations without parameters. Recently, a new discretization scheme has been introduced for CT memristor circuits, guaranteeing that the first integrals are preserved exactly in the discretization. On this basis, FCAM has been extended to discrete-time (DT) memristor circuits showing that they also are characterized by invariant manifolds and they display extreme multistability and bifurcations without parameters. This manuscript considers the maps obtained via DT-FCAM for a circuit with a flux-controlled memristor and a capacitor and it provides a thorough and rigorous investigation of the presence of chaotic dynamics. In particular, parameter ranges are obtained where the maps have snap-back repellers at some fixed points, thus implying that they display chaos in the Marotto and also in the Li–Yorke sense. Bifurcation diagrams are provided where it is possible to analytically identify relevant points in correspondence with the appearance of snap-back repellers and the onset of chaos. The dependence of the bifurcation diagrams and snap-back repellers upon the circuit initial conditions and the related manifold is also studied.
Rare earth elements (REEs) in soils and plants of Bangka Island (Indonesia) focussing on (hyper)accumulation
Authors: Purwadi Imam , Erskine Peter D. , Hutahaean Benny P. , Wijaya Tofan R. , Nurtjahya Eddy , van der Ent Antony
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

Indonesia is one of the most biodiverse regions in the world, but only a few metal hyperaccumulator plants have been reported from this vast country. This study aimed to discover rare earth element (REE) hyperaccumulator plants on Bangka Island, an area known to have REE enriched soils associated with tin placer deposits.

Methods

Prior to this study, herbarium specimens at the Universitas Bangka Belitung Herbarium were screened using non-destructive X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) scanning to detect specimens with anomalous REE concentrations. Fieldwork was subsequently conducted to collect samples from plant species suspected to be (hyper)accumulators based on the earlier XRF survey. Scanning electron microscopy and micro-XRF were used to verify the possibility of surface contamination by soil particles in plant specimens, and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) was used to determine total elemental concentrations in the plant material.

Results

Blechnopsis orientalis was found to hyperaccumulate REEs up to 3000 µg g−1 as well as arsenic up to 2100 µg g−1. The non-destructive analysis found no dust or soil contamination on B. orientalis specimens, confirming it as a genuine REE and arsenic hyperaccumulator. Additionally, the known REE hyperaccumulator Dicranopteris linearis was confirmed to be a REE hyperaccumulator on Bangka Island.

Conclusion

Blechnopsis orientalis is a REE hyperaccumulator with high potential for phytoextraction as it is a faster growing and larger species than D. linearis. As B. orientalis and D. linearis are native to Bangka Island, both should be studied further for their application in rehabilitating and extracting REEs from the (abandoned) tin mine areas.
Development of fatty liver disease model using high cholesterol and low choline diet in white leghorn chickens
Authors: Yadav Kush Kumar , Boley Patricia A. , Khatiwada Saroj , Lee Carolyn M. , Bhandari Menuka , Kenney Scott P.
Published: June 2024

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which shows similar symptoms as fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome (FLHS) in chickens, is the most common cause of chronic liver disease and cancer in humans. NAFLD patients and FLHS in chickens have demonstrated severe liver disorders when infected by emerging strains of human hepatitis E virus (HEV) and avian HEV, respectively. We sought to develop a fatty liver disease chicken model by altering the diet of 3-week-old white leghorn chickens. The high cholesterol, and low choline (HCLC) diet included 7.6% fat with additional 2% cholesterol and 800 mg/kg choline in comparison to 5.3% fat, and 1,300 mg/kg choline in the regular diet. Our diet induced fatty liver avian model successfully recapitulates the clinical features seen during NAFLD in humans and FLHS in chickens, including hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, as indicated by significantly higher serum triglycerides, serum cholesterol, liver triglycerides, cholesterol, and fatty acids. By developing this chicken model, we expect to provide a platform to explore the role of lipids in the liver pathology linked with viral infections and contribute to the development of prophylactic interventions.
Weapons of the weak state: How post-conflict states shape international statebuilding
Authors: Campbell Susanna P. , Matanock Aila M.
Published: June 2024

International Organizations (IOs), such as the United Nations (U.N.), engage in statebuilding in a range of post-conflict states. Statebuilding scholarship largely assumes that IOs, backed by their powerful member states, have at least temporary authority over the seemingly “weak” states in which they intervene. We argue, in contrast, that many post-conflict states shape IO statebuilding efforts through many statebuilding contracts, which we call incomplete arrangements, that give the post-conflict state the residual rights of control over the unnegotiated components of these statebuilding contracts with IOs. These incomplete arrangements, as opposed to complete takeovers, which are the other type of statebuilding contracts, provide procedural “weapons of the weak state” that enable the post-conflict state to influence what the IO mandate contains, where it intervenes, whom it hires, and when it exits. Using in-depth case studies of Burundi, Guatemala, and Timor-Leste, as well as analysis of 36 U.N. interventions in post-conflict states from 2000–2020, this article demonstrates the potential of incomplete arrangement statebuilding contracts to give post-conflict states institutional power over IO statebuilders, with important implications for scholarship on statebuilding and global governance.
Proposing a development framework for sustainable architecture, engineering, and construction industry in China: Challenges, best practice, and future directions
Authors: Li Peixian , Lu Yujie , Xiao Xuwen
Published: June 2024

China’s architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) industry needs a clear and sustainable development roadmap. Drawing inspiration from speeches delivered at a seminar hosted by the Chinese Academy of Engineering and extensive literature research on Chinese policies, this article presents a summary of the current trends in the AEC industry in four dimensions: industrialization as the foundation, intelligence as the enabler, lean management as the strategy, and green development as the goal. These four dimensions are intricately interconnected and rooted in multiple disciplines. The article provides a detailed review of the current practices, challenges, and future directions associated with each dimension. Additionally, ten grand challenges were proposed to stimulate discussions on the future of the AEC industry. This article offers an overarching understanding of the AEC industry and presents a four-dimension framework for sustainable development, which can be valuable for AEC practitioners.
Relationship between muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue size and density and proximal femur bone in elderly women with hip fracture
Authors: Li Yangtong , Liu Chenjun , Lu Jing , Sun Hui , Li Yuehua
Published: June 2024

Background

Both osteoporosis and sarcopenia are associated with aging, increasing the likelihood of falls in older adults and consequently raising the risk of hip fractures (HF).

Aims

To explore the relationship between the size and density of muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and the bone mineral density (BMD) of the proximal femur in elderly women with HF.

Methods

Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) was conducted on the hips of 661 female participants who experienced low-energy acute HFs to measure both areal BMD (aBMD) and volume BMD (vBMD). Measurements were taken for the cross-sectional area (CSA) and density of the muscle around the hip and adjacent SAT. Multivariable linear regression models were applied to assess the relationship between these parameters.

Results

Most increases in the density of the gluteus medius and minimus muscle (G.Med/MinM) were correlated with higher BMD in the femoral neck fracture (FNF) group with osteoporosis. In the FNF group, gluteus maximus muscle (G.MaxM) density was negatively associated with the BMD parameters of the proximal femur in individuals with osteoporosis, while they were positively associated with nonosteoporosis. In the intertrochanteric fracture (ITF) group without osteoporosis, both FN aBMD and FN vBMD showed significant correlations with G.Med/MinM density.

Discussion

In women with HFs, bone and muscle are closely related.

Conclusions

In older women with HFs, density but not CSA of the G.Med/MinM were associated with BMD parameters of the proximal femur. Osteoporosis may influence the relationship between G.MaxM density and proximal femur BMD in elderly women with FNF.
Watch and Learn: Wie Schüler:innen und Lehrpersonen Erklärvideos für den Naturwissenschaftsunterricht nutzen
Authors: Labude Marlene , Vonschallen Stephan , Krüger Maleika , Schneider Charlotte , Metzger Susanne
Published: June 2024

Die Nutzung von Erklärvideos für (schulisches) Lernen hat sich in den vergangenen Jahren mehr und mehr etabliert. Aufgrund ihrer wachsenden Bedeutung für Lernprozesse von Schüler:innen sind Umgang und Nutzen von Erklärvideos aus fachdidaktischer wie bildungswissenschaftlicher Sicht von Interesse. Bislang gibt es wenige Erkenntnisse darüber, wie Schüler:innen und Lehrpersonen Erklärvideos im Lernprozess einsetzen oder welche Kriterien sie bei der Auswahl von frei verfügbaren Erklärvideos im Internet berücksichtigen. Die Analyse und Beschreibung der Nutzungsweise von Erklärvideos ist Gegenstand des vorliegenden Beitrags, wobei die Ergebnisse auf einer qualitativen Studie mit leitfadengestützten Interviews basieren, die mit Bezug zum naturwissenschaftlichen Unterricht der Sekundarstufe I durchgeführt wurde. Die qualitative Befragung liefert Einblicke in die Qualitätsbeurteilung und Nutzung von Erklärvideos durch Schüler:innen und Lehrpersonen. Die Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass gerade im Umgang mit frei verfügbaren Erklärvideos sowohl von Seite der Lehrpersonen wie auch der Schüler:innen weiterer Bedarf besteht, mediendidaktische Kompetenzen zu fördern, um eine qualitätsvolle Auswahl von und einen reflektierten Umgang mit Erklärvideos sicherzustellen.
Effects of carvedilol on human prostate tissue contractility and stromal cell growth pointing to potential clinical implications
Authors: Hu Sheng , Müderrisoglu A. Elif , Ciotkowska Anna , Kale Oluwafemi , Keller Patrick , Schott Melanie , Tamalunas Alexander , Waidelich Raphaela , Stief Christian G. , Hennenberg Martin
Published: June 2024

Background

Apart from antagonizing ß-adrenoceptors, carvedilol antagonizes vascular α1-adrenoceptors and activates G protein-independent signaling. Even though it is a commonly used antihypertensive and α1-adrenoceptors are essential for the treatment of voiding symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia, its actions in the human prostate are still unknown. Here, we examined carvedilol effects on contractions of human prostate tissues, and on stromal cell growth.

Methods

Contractions of prostate tissues from radical prostatectomy were induced by electric field stimulation (EFS) or α1-agonists. Growth-related functions were examined in cultured stromal cells.

Results

Concentration-response curves for phenylephrine, methoxamine and noradrenaline were right shifted by carvedilol (0.1–10 µM), around half a magnitude with 100 nM, half to one magnitude with 1 µM, and two magnitudes with 10 µM. Right shifts were reflected by increased EC50 values for agonists, with unchanged Emax values. EFS-induced contractions were reduced by 21–54% with 0.01–1 µM carvedilol, and by 94% by 10 µM. Colony numbers of stromal cells were increased by 500 nM, but reduced by 1–10 µM carvedilol, while all concentrations reduced colony size. Decreases in viability were time-dependent with 0.1–0.3 µM, but complete with 10 µM. Proliferation was slightly increased by 0.1–0.5 µM, but reduced with 1–10 µM.

Conclusions

Carvedilol antagonizes α1-adrenoceptors in the human prostate, starting with concentrations in ranges of known plasma levels. In vitro, effect sizes resemble those of α1-blockers used for the treatment of voiding symptoms, which requires concentrations beyond plasma levels. Bidirectional and dynamic effects on the growth of stromal cells may be attributed to "biased agonism".
Empowering Network Security through Advanced Analysis of Malware Samples: Leveraging System Metrics and Network Log Data for Informed Decision-Making
Authors: Alharbi Fares , Kashyap Gautam Siddharth
Published: June 2024

In the never-ending battle against rising malware threats, cybersecurity professionals were constantly challenged by malware researchers. Businesses and institutions that have fallen prey to these threats that have suffered significant financial losses and enormous disruption to countless lives. As a result, security approaches have evolved to include preemptive measures such as the widespread use of HoneyPots. However, data-driven decision-making was required to improve the effectiveness of such approaches. Therefore, this paper describes a quantitative analysis that assesses various malware samples using system metrics and network log data. The goal is to properly visualise this information and analyse if it can aid in decision-making processes, ultimately leading to the construction of more robust and secure networks. To help with this research, a dashboard application was created that allows the installation of virtual machines, the configuration of virtual networks, and the collection of system metric data from outside sources. The findings of this paper can help greatly improve network security and stay ahead of threats in the cat-and-mouse game.
Heterogeneous Land‐Surface Effects on TKE and Cloud Formation: Statistical Insights From LES Cases
Authors: Simon Jason S. , Bragg Andrew D. , Chaney Nathaniel W.
Published: June 2024

This manuscript investigates the impact of land‐surface heterogeneity on atmospheric processes by comparing 92 large‐eddy simulation cases over the Southern Great Plains, leveraging high‐resolution spatially heterogeneous and homogeneous land‐surface fields. Utilizing the HydroBlocks land‐surface model for detailed surface data and the Weather Research and Forecasting model for atmospheric simulations, this study emphasizes the significant role land‐surface details play in atmospheric dynamics, particularly in cloud formation and boundary‐layer development. The analysis focuses on the comparison of turbulent kinetic energy and liquid water path between heterogeneous and homogeneous surface conditions, revealing a strong correlation between surface heterogeneity and enhanced atmospheric activity. Furthermore, the study underscores that the most influential land‐surface characteristics on the atmosphere are encapsulated within the largest spatial scales, suggesting a potential simplification for incorporating sub‐grid scale land‐surface features into global models. The findings advocate for a more formal coupling between the sub‐grid land and atmosphere in Earth system models to improve the accuracy of weather and climate predictions, particularly for processes such as cloud formation and boundary‐layer dynamics that are sensitive to surface conditions. This work lays foundational insights for future parameterization schemes in global models, highlighting the importance of land‐surface details on atmospheric modeling.
Australian Summer Monsoon: Reanalyses Versus Climate Models in Moist Static Energy Budget Evolution
Authors: Mohanty Sarthak , Singh Martin S. , Jakob Christian
Published: June 2024

The Australian summer monsoon (ASM) influences the tropical hydro‐climate of Northern Australia during the extended summer months (October–April). Despite advances in understanding the ASM, climate models vary widely in their depiction and projections of its future behavior remain uncertain. This study investigates the moist static energy (MSE) budget and examines the gross moist stability (GMS) evolution throughout the monsoon cycle using two reanalysis data sets. We then assess the ability of Atmospheric Modeling Intercomparison Project (AMIP) simulations of climate models to reproduce not only the monsoon seasonal cycle of rainfall but the associated mechanisms revealed by the budget analysis. The budget analysis shows a strong influence of the regions to the north and west of our study area for the import of moisture and export of energy into and away from the ASM. We find that models reproduce this influence qualitatively, but not quantitatively. As in previous studies, we identify two major regimes of the GMS associated with the absence (higher GMS) or presence (lower GMS) of convection. Whilst climate models are able to distinguish the two regimes, they significantly overestimate the GMS in convectively active periods, owing largely to profile of ascent that is too top heavy. Models with more realistic precipitation do not consistently offer more accurate representations of dynamic processes, as evaluated by the MSE budget and GMS. This highlights limitations in assessing models based solely on single variables. To enhance the generalizability of these findings, future studies should employ models without prescribed sea surface temperatures.
Anthropogenic Intensification of Cool‐Season Precipitation Is Not Yet Detectable Across the Western United States
Authors: Williams A. Park , McKinnon Karen A. , Anchukaitis Kevin J. , Gershunov Alexander , Varuolo‐Clarke Arianna M. , Clemesha Rachel E. S. , Liu Haibo
Published: June 2024

The cool season (November–March) of 2022–2023 was exceptional in the western United States (US), with the highest precipitation totals in ≥128 years in some areas. Recent precipitation extremes and expectations based on thermodynamics motivate us to evaluate the evidence for an anthropogenic intensification of western US cool‐season precipitation to date. Over cool seasons 1951–2023, trends in precipitation totals on the wettest cool‐season days were neutral or negative across the western US, and significantly negative in northern California and parts of the Pacific Northwest, counter to the expected net intensification effect from anthropogenic forcing. Multiple reanalysis data sets indicate a corresponding lack of increase in moisture transports into the western US, suggesting that atmospheric circulation trends over the North Pacific have counteracted the increases in atmospheric moisture expected from warming alone. The lack of precipitation intensification to date is generally consistent with climate model simulations. A large ensemble of 648 simulations from 35 climate models suggests it is too soon to detect anthropogenic intensification of precipitation across much of the western US. In California, the 35‐model median time of emergence for intensification of the wettest days is 2080 under a mid‐level emissions scenario. On the other hand, observed reductions of precipitation extremes in California and the Pacific Northwest are near the lower edge of the large ensemble of simulated trends, calling into question model representation of western US precipitation variability.
Hydraulic River Models From ICESat‐2 Elevation and Water Surface Slope
Authors: Musaeus Aske Folkmann , Kittel Cécile Marie Margaretha , Luchner Jakob , Frias Monica Coppo , Bauer‐Gottwein Peter
Published: June 2024

Forecasting flood and drought events requires accurate modeling tools. Hydraulic river models are based on estimates of riverbed geometry which are traditionally collected in situ. The novel Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite 2 [ICESat‐2] lidar altimetry mission with 6 simultaneous high‐resolution laser beams provides the opportunity to define river cross‐section geometries as well as observe water surface elevation [WSE] and water surface slope spatially resolved along the river chainage. This paper describes a method to utilize terrain altimetry and water surface slope estimates to define complete river geometries from ICESat‐2 data products, using the diffusive wave approximation to calculate depth in the submerged section not penetrated by the lidar. Exemplifying the method, cross‐sections are defined for a stretch of the Mekong River. Hydrodynamic model results of the stretch are compared with ICESat‐2 WSE estimates and in situ gauging station time series. Insights in river characteristics from satellite imagery and the ICESat‐2 slope estimates allow for fine‐tuning of the cross‐sections using spatially varying Manning numbers. The final model achieves a root mean square error against the ICESat‐2 WSE of 0.676 m and average Kling‐Gupta Efficiency against gauging station time series of 0.880. The method is limited by the diffusive wave approximation resulting in inaccurate cross‐section estimates in sections with supercritical flow or significant acceleration. Errors can be identified from ICESat‐2 WSE estimates and reduced with additional cross‐sections. Combined with hydrological models, the method will allow for cross‐section definition without in situ data.
Wearable multichannel-active pressurized pulse sensing platform
Authors: Zhao Yunlong , Sun Qingxia , Mei Shixuan , Gao Libo , Zhang Xikuan , Yang Zekun , Nan Xueli , Zhang Haiyan , Xue Chenyang , Li Junyang
Published: June 2024

With the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), creating devices to digitalize aspects of pulse diagnosis has proved to be challenging. The currently available pulse detection devices usually rely on external pressure devices, which are either bulky or poorly integrated, hindering their practical application. In this work, we propose an innovative wearable active pressure three-channel pulse monitoring device based on TCM pulse diagnosis methods. It combines a flexible pressure sensor array, flexible airbag array, active pressure control unit, advanced machine learning approach, and a companion mobile application for human–computer interaction. Due to the high sensitivity (460.1 kPa−1), high linearity (R2 > 0.999) and flexibility of the flexible pressure sensors, the device can accurately simulate finger pressure to collect pulse waves (Cun, Guan, and Chi) at different external pressures on the wrist. In addition, by measuring the change in pulse wave amplitude at different pressures, an individual’s blood pressure status can be successfully predicted. This enables truly wearable, actively pressurized, continuous wireless dynamic monitoring of wrist pulse health. The innovative and integrated design of this pulse monitoring platform could provide a new paradigm for digitizing aspects of TCM and other smart healthcare systems.
Survey on patients’ attitude towards the nutritional counselling in the dental setting
Authors: Iriti M. , Spallino G. , Franchini R. , Rigoni M. , Muti P. , Lodi G. , Sardella A. , Varoni E. M.
Published: June 2024

Aim

A healthy diet could help to prevent both oral and systemic diseases, with dentists and nutritionists supplementing their skills. The dental setting, where patients periodically refer to seeking oral health care, represents a powerful opportunity for nutritional counselling. To the best of our knowledge, no study is available on patients’ attitudes towards dietary counselling in the dental setting. This cross-sectional study investigates patients’ attitude towards receiving nutritional support within the dental setting and it elucidates whether a transdisciplinary approach would be well accepted.

Materials and Methods

A questionnaire was administered to patients attending three different clinics: a private clinic, a hospital dental clinic of the national healthcare system and the private dental practice within the same hospital.

Results

Three hundred thirteen questionnaires were collected. Most dental patients acknowledged receiving nutritional advice from both dentists and nutritionists. The nutritionist within the dental setting was positively perceived, providing useful advice to prevent oral and systemic diseases and also drawing up a diet with periodic follow-ups.

Discussion and conclusion

These findings support the positive attitude of patients towards receiving nutritional counselling within the dental setting. The dental clinics can be pivotal in oral and systemic disease screening and prevention and a multidisciplinary approach is highly encouraged.