bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perioperative Blood Pressure Management Recommendations in Pediatric Pheochromocytoma: A 10-Year Narrative Review
Authors: Ambarsari Cahyani Gita , Nadhifah Nadhifah , Lestari Hertanti Indah
Published: December 2024

Background: Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare chromaffin cell-derived tumors characterized by catecholamine-secreting activity. Pheochromocytomas account for 1.7% of pediatric hypertension cases. Surgical resection, the definitive pheochromocytoma treatment, carries risks of hemodynamic instability and cardiovascular complications. Nevertheless, mortality rates decreased significantly in the latter half of the 20th century due to effective perioperative blood pressure (BP) management. The literature on BP management tailored to pediatric pheochromocytoma is limited, while the sustained hypertension rate in this population is high (up to 90%) and related to a high risk of intraoperative complications. In this narrative review, we provide up-to-date recommendations regarding BP management to minimize perioperative comorbidities in children with pheochromocytoma. Summary: Antihypertensive agents, primarily alpha (α)-blockers, should be promptly administered for suspected pheochromocytoma. Beta (β)-blockers may be introduced thereafter to counteract reflex tachycardia. The patient must be salt- and water-replete preoperation. Intraoperatively, stable hemodynamics should be ensured during anesthesia and surgery, and short-acting intravenous medications and resuscitation fluid should be supplied. Postoperatively, patients should be admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit for close monitoring for at least 24–48 h. Genetic testing is recommended for all pheochromocytoma patients. Identifying underlying mutations, like in succinate dehydrogenase subunit B, which is linked to a higher risk of multifocality and metastasis, is imperative for tailoring treatment strategies and prognostication. Key Messages: Achieving optimal outcomes in pediatric pheochromocytoma relies on preoperative BP optimization with appropriate antihypertensive agents, intraoperative hemodynamic stability, and postoperative routine long-term follow-up to monitor for complications, recurrence, and metastasis. Future research should prioritize well-designed prospective multicenter studies with adequate sample sizes and, where feasible, randomized controlled trials with standardized protocols and appropriate endpoints. These studies should focus on the efficacy and safety of preoperative nonselective versus selective α-blockers, whether as monotherapy or combined with other medications (e.g., calcium channel blockers and/or β-blockers), or treatment without preoperative anti-hypertensives.
Investigações sobre alguns methodos para a avaliação da capacidade respiratoria
Authors: Almeida Junior A.
Published: December 2024

Nestes ultimos tempos, tem-se attribuido grande importancia á avaliação da capacidade vital, não só sob o ponto de vista meramente especulativo, como ainda para fins de utilidade directa. Os medicos militares, premidos pelas exigencias da ultima guerra, viram-se forçados a estudar provas de validez physica mais efficientes que as antigas, e, sobretudo, mais especializadas para cada um dos ramos em que se fragmenta hoje a actividade bellica. No serviço de aviadores, a avaliação da capacidade vital tornou-se factor decisivo, e provocou, por parte de Dreyer, investigações muito minuciosas, tentando estabelecer relações mathematicas entre aquella medida e certos valores somaticos, como o peso, a altura do tronco e o perímetro thoracico.
Algumas considerações sobre a mortalidade infantil em São Paulo
Authors: Souza G. H. de Paula
Published: December 2024

A mortalidade infantil ascende na capital de S. Paulo e no interior a algarismos que pedem meditação. Uma das causas do phenomeno está no apparelho official de hygiene infantil. de acção extremamente limitada e só exercida em diminuta proporção na capital do Estado e que justifica o sempre alto e constante coefficiente lethal.
Portadores de Germes. Pesquisas de laboratorio sobre as febres typhoide e paratyphoide em S. Paulo
Authors: SANTIAGO ALBERTO O.
Published: December 2024

Conforme nos foi suggerido pelo Dr. Paula Souza, D. D. Director deste Instituto, resolvemos fazer um estudo sobre portadores destas molestias, procurando Yerificar: 1. O Widal da população dos fócos dessas molestias, sobretudo das casas em que houve doentes. 2. Pesquisar os bacillos nas fézes e urinas dos individuos que apresentavam reacção de Widal positiva.
Os levementes infestados nas campanhas sanitarias contra a ancylostomose
Authors: Pessoa Samuel B.
Published: December 2024

Os trabalhos dos norte-americanos sobre a prophylaxia da ancylostomose nestes ultimas annos, tendem a dar nova orientação na questão do tratamento dos levemente infestados, em desaccordo com aquella advogada, até então por Darling (I) no seu plano de ''tratamento em massa''. Com effeito, Darling era de parecer que se applicasscm dois tratamentos anti-helminticos a todos os indivíduos das zonas ruraes, sem o exame previo das fezes.
Existencia e disseminação do ancylostoma dluodenale no Brasil.
Authors: Smillie Wilson G.
Published: December 2024

Ha muitos annos que o Aneylostoma duodenale foi obervado no Brasil, mas sua disseminação peço paiz ou a frequencia com que é encontrado ainda não foram pesquisadas.
The temporal specificity of BOLD fMRI is systematically related to anatomical and vascular features of the human brain
Authors: Gomez Daniel E.P. , Polimeni Jonathan R. , Lewis Laura D.
Published: December 2024

The ability to detect fast responses with functional MRI depends on the speed of hemodynamic responses to neural activity, because hemodynamic responses act as a temporal low-pass filter which blurs rapid changes. However, the shape and timing of hemodynamic responses are highly variable across the brain and across stimuli. This heterogeneity of responses implies that the temporal specificity of functional MRI (fMRI) signals, or the ability of fMRI to preserve fast information, could also vary substantially across the cortex. In this work we investigated how local differences in hemodynamic response timing affect the temporal specificity of fMRI. We used ultra-high-field (7T) fMRI at high spatiotemporal resolution, studying the primary visual cortex (V1) as a model area for investigation. We used visual stimuli oscillating at slow and fast frequencies to probe the temporal specificity of individual voxels. As expected, we identified substantial variability in temporal specificity, with some voxels preserving their responses to fast neural activity more effectively than others. We investigated which voxels had the highest temporal specificity, and tested whether voxel timing was related to anatomical and vascular features. We found that low temporal specificity is only weakly explained by the presence of large veins or cerebral cortical depth. Notably, however, temporal specificity depended strongly on a voxel’s position along the anterior-posterior anatomical axis of V1, with voxels within the calcarine sulcus being capable of preserving close to 25% of their amplitude as the frequency of stimulation increased from 0.05 Hz to 0.20 Hz, and voxels nearest to the occipital pole preserving less than 18%. These results indicate that detection biases in high-resolution fMRI will depend on the anatomical and vascular features of the area being imaged, and that these biases will differ depending on the timing of the underlying neuronal activity. While we attribute this variance primarily to hemodynamic effects, neuronal non-linearities may also influence response timing. Importantly, this spatial heterogeneity of temporal specificity suggests that it could be exploited to achieve higher specificity in some locations, and that tailored data analysis strategies may help improve the detection and interpretation of fast fMRI responses.
Assessing the impact of environmental education in a critical orangutan landscape in West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Robinson Natalie J. , Achmad Mariamah , Freund Cathryn A. , Naruri Ranti , O’Connell Caitlin A. , Rahman Edi , Selfiany Widiya Octa , Knott Cheryl D.
Published: December 2024

Gunung Palung National Park (GPNP) and the surrounding region in West Kalimantan, Indonesia, host a significant population of Critically Endangered Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) amidst various conservation challenges, including habitat destruction, the illegal pet trade, and human-wildlife conflict. The Gunung Palung Orangutan Conservation Program (GPOCP) employs diverse strategies, including environmental education, to address these challenges. Environmental education helps to connect local students with conservation efforts, educate them about endangered endemic species, and highlight the relationship between human behavior and ecosystem health. Environmental education is critical in fostering sustainable behaviors and raising awareness about conservation issues, particularly in areas where human activities threaten primate biodiversity. Such programs can promote long-term conservation outcomes by engaging communities and empowering individuals to take action. Here, we review the effectiveness of GPOCP’s environmental education initiatives, focusing on school visits conducted between 2016 and 2023 that concentrated on orangutan conservation. We analyze data from standardized pre- and post-activity surveys administered to students participating in puppet shows and lectures. Results indicate a substantial increase in knowledge and positive shifts in attitudes toward orangutan conservation among students. However, challenges remain in evaluating long-term behavioral changes and the relative contribution of different conservation interventions. Future efforts will explore tailored educational approaches and impact assessments to enhance conservation outcomes and foster community engagement in safeguarding Bornean orangutans and their habitat.
Helluari Libris
Authors: Walsh Robyn Faith
Published: December 2024

This essay engages the theme “Manufacturing Religion: From Christian Origins to Classical Islam” by challenging scholarly assumptions about the rapid reception and cohesion of new or developing philosophical and religious movements in Greek and Roman antiquity. To illustrate this issue, I present two interrelated case studies: late Republic/early imperial Stoicism and its possible intersections with the later Christ movement of the first century. At a time when engagement with literate culture conferred a great deal of social capital, I suggest that the relative flexibility and “openness” of these two movements allowed for those seeking prestige, social mobility, or distinction – or those who were otherwise excluded from the top tiers of society – to participate in intellectual practices that emulated the standards of the elite. This model for understanding early Christianity counters traditional approaches within the study of religion that tend to foreground notions like belief, conversion and so forth as an explanatory model for membership over sociological and material motivations. This discussion also troubles understandings of Stoicism that tend to link it anachronistically with its later and more exalted imperial associations.
About the authorship of Heterophasia desgodinsi (Aves, Passeriformes)
Authors: SCHNEIDER MARTIN
Published: December 2024

The black-headed sibia (Aves, Passeriformes, Leiothrichidae) was first described in the year 1877 as Sibia desgodinsi. The author of the article (Oustalet 1877) was Jean Frédéric Émile Oustalet (1844‒1905). Most subsequent works mentioned only Oustalet as author: for example Deigan et al. (1964: 418), Dickinson & Christidis (2014: 546), Clements et al. (2024), Gill et al. (2024) and Lepage (2024). Exception are Saunders (1879: 38), who used the authorship E. Oustalet & A. David, Rothschild (1926: 271), Riley (1926: 31), who placed the bird into Leioptila Blyth, 1847 (Blyth 1847: 449) as Leioptila desgodinsi, and Robinson & Kloss (1919: 586), who placed it into Malacias Cabanis, 1851 (Cabanis 1851:113) as Malacias desgodinsi.
The Impact of Cumulus Clouds and CCN Regeneration on Aerosol Vertical Distribution and Size
Authors: Arieli Yael , Khain Alexander , Gavze Ehud , Altaratz Orit , Eytan Eshkol , Koren Ilan
Published: December 2024

This study employs a high-resolution (10 m) System for Atmospheric Modeling (SAM) coupled with the spectral bin microphysical (SBM) scheme to thoroughly investigate the processes governing the evolution of aerosol properties within and outside a shallow cumulus cloud. The model encompasses the complete life cycle of cloud droplets, starting from their formation through their evolution until their complete evaporation or sedimentation to the ground. Additionally, the model tracks the aerosols’ evolution both within the droplets and in the air. Aerosols are transported within the droplets, grow by droplet coalescence, and are released into the atmosphere after droplet evaporation (regeneration process). The aerosol concentration increases by droplet evaporation and decreases along with falling drops. So, the effects of clouds on the surrounding aerosols depend on the microphysical and dynamic processes, which in turn depend on the amount of background aerosols; here, we compare clean and polluted conditions. It is shown that the regeneration process is highly important and that shallow trade cumulus clouds significantly impact the vertical profile of aerosol concentration in the lower troposphere, as well as their size distribution, and can serve as a source of large cloud condensation nuclei. Furthermore, it is shown that both precipitating and nonprecipitating boundary layer clouds contribute to a substantial increase in aerosol concentration within the inversion layer due to intense evaporation.
The Impact of Sit-Stand Desks on Full-Day and Work-Based Sedentary Behavior of Office Workers: A Systematic Review
Authors: Silva Hélio , Ramos Pedro G. F. , Teno Sabrina C. , Júdice Pedro B.
Published: December 2024

Objective

To gather the existing evidence on the impact of sit-stand desk-based interventions on working-time and full-day sedentary behavior and compare their impact across different intervention lengths.

Background

Reducing sedentary behavior is vital for improving office workers’ health. Sit-stand desks promote sitting and standing alternation, but understanding their effects outside the workplace is essential for success.

Methods

Studies published between January 2008 and January 2024 were searched through electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library). The quality of the studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies of the Effective Public Health Practice Project.

Results

Twelve included studies showed that the intervention group experienced average reductions in full-day sedentary behavior of 68.7 min/day at 3 months, 77.7 min/day at 6 months, and 62.1 min/day at 12 months compared to the control group. For working hours sedentary behavior, reductions were observed in the intervention group at 9 weeks (73.0 min/day), 3 months (88.0 min/day), 6 months (80.8 min/day), and 12 months (48.0 min/day) relative to the control group.

Conclusions

Sit-stand desk interventions can be effective in helping office workers reduce sedentary behavior in the short, medium, and long-term both at work and throughout the full-day.

Application

Active workstation interventions, including sit-stand desks, educational sessions, and alert software, aim to reduce sedentary behavior among office workers. While sit-stand desks show promise in decreasing sitting time during working hours, their long-term effectiveness and impact beyond the workplace remain uncertain. This review evaluates their effectiveness across different durations, addressing both workplace and full-day impact.
Economic Impacts of Plague on the Occupational Structure of the Punjab, 1901–1921
Authors: Ojo Olusola Bamidele
Published: December 2024

The Punjab accounted for 30% of all plague mortalities in early 20th-century India. This article analyzes the economic impacts of plague mortalities on the occupational structure of the Punjab between 1901 and 1921. It highlights the effects of plague mortalities on main occupational groups, such as agriculture, commerce, and industry in specific districts in the Punjab. A focus on different districts allows us to gauge how plague fatalities affected particular localities. By deploying rich archival sources, this piece argues that massive plague mortalities played a huge role in the significant diminution of occupational formations of the Punjab in the early 20th century. The study discovers varied and differential effects of plague mortalities on agricultural, commerce, and industrial-based occupations in different districts due to their geographic, administrative, and economic idiosyncrasies. This work highlights the differential effects of epidemics on different districts due to their peculiarities. It generates new insights into the interface between epidemics and means of livelihoods of populations on a district basis. This article illuminates the probable effects of epidemics on varied populations and occupational groups.
Influence of the combined effect of long hygrothermal aging and thermal cycling on mode I and II interlaminar fracture toughness of carbon/epoxy composites
Authors: Prado Viviane Jordão Sano , Pardini Luiz Claudio
Published: December 2024

Carbon fiber/epoxy composites (CFRP) are nowadays extensively used in aircraft structures. During the lifecycle of an aircraft, composites are subjected to temperature and humidity variation over time and that can lead to performance loss. Efforts to understand the environmental conditioning impact on CFRP properties have been widely investigated, leading to the main objective of this study, which was investigating whether damages caused by different environmental conditioning individually are intensified when they are combined. During an aircraft lifetime, several different environmental conditions may occur, and to simulate these effects, this research tested coupons that were exposed to long-term hygrothermal conditioning, drying and thermal cycling and their combined effects on fracture toughness in mode-I and mode-II. Dynamic mechanical and fractographic analysis were also performed on the specimens. Thermal cycling on unaged samples (reference) resulted in average reductions of 5% and 15%, for mode-I and mode-II fracture toughness, respectively, compared to the reference samples. Furthermore, combined effect of thermal cycling and hygrothermal conditionings resulted in reductions around 44% (mode-I) and 15% (mode-II) compared to the reference. The combination of different environmental conditionings was more detrimental to fracture toughness in Mode-I, as confirmed by fractographic analysis. In contrast, Mode-II showed no change in results when exposed to a combination of conditionings, suggesting that isolated analysis of the results can be misinterpreted. Combined effects of thermal cycling and hygrothermal conditioning affected fracture toughness more than either effect alone. Mode-I testing proved to be more sensitive to identifying environmental exposure effects on properties than mode-II.
The Perceived Risk of Smoking Cannabis: Method of Use by Age
Authors: Burrow-Sánchez Jason J. , Cohen Allison
Published: December 2024

Cannabis use is a public health concern in the United States, and its use is increasingly popular across age groups. Emerging research suggests that smoking cannabis may be perceived as riskier compared to vaping cannabis, like the use of combustible cigarettes and vaping for nicotine. The purpose of the present study is to examine how the perceived risk for smoking cannabis is influenced by the method of use (i.e., vaping, no-vaping, or no-use) and age at the population level. A secondary data analysis from the 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health ( N = 58, 034) for individuals ages 12 and older in the United States was conducted using binary logistic regression. For vaping and no-vaping, differences in perceived risk of smoking cannabis were not dependent on age groupings, however, support was found for an interaction between perceived risk of smoking cannabis and age when comparing vaping and no-use.
Networked control systems induced delay modeling and stability analysis using Markov-regime-switching GARCH model
Authors: Aouati Ayoub , Gherbi Sofiane , Kharfouchi Soumia
Published: December 2024

This article focuses on the stability analysis of networked control systems (NCSs). It is well-known that network-induced delays pose many control challenges due to their non-uniform and multifractal nature. With the growing integration of communication networks in control systems, the impact of time-varying and random delays on system performance becomes critical. Hence, it is essential to study their impact on the system’s stability. There are several network-induced delay modeling methods, resulting in constant, random, and probabilistic random delays, which provide the most realistic representation according to recent studies. This article introduces a new network-induced delay modeling method based on the Markov-regime-switching generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (MRS-GARCH) process, which captures the intricate temporal dependence of random network delays. The resulting model offers a more accurate depiction of delay volatility behavior, accommodating sudden shifts between volatility regimes. Simulation results demonstrate that MRS GARCH-type modeling enables a more realistic representation of delay dynamics. We also conduct a stability analysis of NCSs modeled with the proposed method using linear matrix inequalities LMIs criteria derived from the Lyapunov-Krasovskii theorem. The simulation results show less conservatism than conventional models and provide a larger maximum allowable upper delay bound MAUDB.
Obstacle avoidance and target attainment of planar quadrotors via control barrier function
Authors: Chang Bilin , Long Lijun
Published: December 2024

In this article, a safety-critical controller and a novel algorithm based on a quadratic program for a class of planar quadrotors are proposed to ensure obstacle avoidance and target attainment. First, we define a circular safe region and design a safety-critical controller based on the control barrier function. Also, the designed controller can guarantee that the planar quadrotor remains within the safe region and eventually reaches the center of the safe region. Second, we design an algorithm to generate a sequence of safe regions that progressively approach the target point. With the designed controller, the planar quadrotor gradually reaches the center of each safe region and eventually reaches the target point. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed controller and algorithm is verified through two simulation experiments.
Ensuring quality information for patients tool to assess patient information on CABG websites: Systemic search and evaluation
Authors: Wai Tai Chun , Wing Kwan Lam , Chan Jeremy , Angelini Gianni D
Published: December 2024

Background

Coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG) is the most common cardiac surgical procedure worldwide. The Internet is often the first place for patients to obtain medical information and may influence their health-seeking behaviour. This study aimed to assess the quality of online CABG information for patients.

Methods

A review was conducted on the available CABG information online using four search terms in Google: “coronary artery bypass grafting”, “CABG”, “bypass surgery”, and “coronary surgery”. Websites on the first three pages of each search term were assessed by two independent assessors using the Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP) tool (score 0-36).

Results

71 websites in total were eligible for the evaluation. Most websites originated from the USA and the UK (35% for both). The median EQIP score was 16.5. Most websites used everyday language (94%) in short sentences (83%). More than half (60%) of the websites addressed qualitative complications and risks of surgery. Only 1/3 of the websites described treatment alternatives, precautions before surgery, and warning signs after surgery. Only about 1/10 of websites could address quality-of-life issues and resolution of complications.

Conclusion

Most online sites concerning CABG scores were low in EQIP tool assessment in terms of quality and readability with insufficient sources. Minimal information is provided regarding the quantitative risks and complications. Enhancement of the credibility and informativeness of websites is needed to reduce patients’ anxiety about surgical procedures and help with treatment options for coronary artery disease. Education and investigation on the consistency of high-quality websites may help patient identify high quality medical information.
Occupational therapy in pain management: An exploration and description of current UK practice
Authors: Slee Rebecca , Warren Alison , Noonan Miriam , Henderson Tristan
Published: December 2024

Introduction:

There is a growing body of evidence regarding the contribution to the management of chronic pain by occupational therapists. However, there is limited research available regarding contemporary practice in the United Kingdom (UK).

Method:

An on-line questionnaire was circulated via social media, profession specific publications and specialist interest groups. Responses were requested from UK-based Health and Care Professions Council registered occupational therapists who identified working with those living with chronic pain and their friends, family and supporters.

Findings:

A total of 26 occupational therapists responded. Occupational therapists are working in diverse service settings, offering a range of interventions and recognised the unique contribution by occupational therapists to this area of practice. Perceived barriers to delivering intervention included staffing levels, understanding of the occupational therapists’ role and suggestions for additional interventions were stated.

Conclusion:

This research increases understanding of UK-based occupational therapist’s current practice in pain management and views of their role. It provides considerations for further research including how to increase awareness of occupational therapy’s contribution to this area of practice, exploring the occupational needs of individuals and those of friends, family and supporters to ensure intervention is designed to best meet the needs of this population.
Examining the Digital Technology Usage of Older Adults as Determinants of Life Satisfaction in the Digital Divide
Authors: Jun Mina , Kim Miyea , Han Jeongsoo
Published: December 2024

The digital divide has become a growing source of inequality, as older adults face challenges in adopting and using digital technologies in daily life. Few studies have explored how different types of digital technology usage in various life domains among older adults impact their overall well-being. This study addresses this gap by suggesting effective directions for reducing the cross-generational digital divide. To this end, it analyzed de-identified secondary data from 864 South Korean adults above 65 years, surveyed by the National Information Society Agency (NIA). The findings show that digital efficacy positively affects older adults’ life satisfaction, mediated by their perceptions of digital technology. Additionally, social networking through digital technology positively influences their life satisfaction through the same mediation. Our findings suggest that policymakers should prioritize the development of educational programs to improve digital efficacy and social networking, which will ultimately enhance older adults’ well-being.
Classes of Student Emotion as Predictive of Academic Achievement
Authors: Mierzwa Caroline , von der Embse Nathaniel , Kim Eunsook , Brown Melissa
Published: December 2024

Unaddressed social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) needs and academic challenges may lead to negative youth outcomes. Universal behavioral risk screeners, like the student self-report Social, Academic, and Emotional Behavior Risk Screener (SAEBRS-SRS), identify at-risk students. To improve screening tool use, research is needed to identify the grouping of students in different types (e.g., emotional and social) and intensities of need (e.g., low, medium, and high). The Emotional Behavior subscale of the SAEBRS-SRS may serve as an initial screener to identify youth with SEB concerns. A latent class analysis was employed to identify classes of student emotional behavior and investigate the relationship to math and reading performance. Model results supported three distinct classes (i.e., low, low-moderate, and high risk) and promise for using the subscale independently. Future directions and implications for research are discussed.
Techno-Feudalism as Primitive Accumulation: A Marxist Perspective on Digital Capitalism
Authors: Yan Jinqi
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the concept of ‘techno-feudalism’ in digital capitalism, reframing it through the lens of Marxist crisis theory as a form of ‘primitive accumulation in digital space’ rather than a shift to a new feudal order. Analyzing digital monopolies and the enclosure of digital commons, the study argues that digital capitalism perpetuates crisis-driven expansion by creating new spaces for capital accumulation. Drawing on Marxist spatial and crisis theories, it highlights how digital capitalism intensifies capitalist strategies of dispossession and hierarchy, producing monopolistic platforms that extract rents and deepen social separations. These mechanisms, including platform-based ‘enclosure movements’, indicate that digital capitalism is not a departure from historical capitalism but a continuation of its crisis-response strategies. Ultimately, the paper contends that ‘techno-feudalism’ misrepresents these dynamics, proposing instead that digital capitalism’s monopolistic hierarchies align with the logic of ongoing capitalist accumulation in response to crisis.
Effect of Internet + nursing intervention based on pre-rehabilitation strategy on quality of life and cognitive function of postoperative glioma patients
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Yan , Fan Chaofeng
Published: December 2024

Background

Incorporating a pre-rehabilitation strategy, internet-based nursing intervention allows patients to engage with nurses through online platforms.

Objective

To explore the effect of Internet + nursing intervention based on pre-rehabilitation strategy on postoperative quality of life and cognitive function of patients with glioma.

Methods

100 patients with gliomas treated in our hospital from Jan 2021 to Sep 2023 were selected. The patients were randomly divided into two groups ( n = 50). The control group was treated with routine nursing intervention. The observation group took Internet + nursing intervention based on pre-rehabilitation strategy on the basis of the control group. The general data, the score of self-management ability before and after intervention, the cognitive function before and after operation and the quality of life one month after discharge were compared between the two groups. The influencing factors of postoperative quality of life and cognitive function were analyzed by Logistics regression.

Results

There was no significant difference in the general data and the score of self-management ability between the two groups before intervention, but there was significant difference in the score of self-management ability after intervention. The results of binary Logistics regression analysis showed that the scores of self-management ability were independent factors affecting the outcome of patients with glioma. The scores of cognitive function and quality of life one month after discharge in the observation group were significantly better than those in the other ( P < 0.05).

Conlclusions

Internet + nursing intervention based on pre-rehabilitation strategy can improve the quality of life of glioma patients after operation and reduce the effect of operation on cognitive function of glioma patients.
Boundary-work of primary care physicians using telemedicine technologies for communication
Authors: Popper-Giveon Ariela , Keshet Yael , Adar Tamar
Published: December 2024

Implementing telemedicine technologies (TT) for patient–physician communication leads to the emergence of new structures of boundaries. Hence, boundary work theory can provide a useful lens for examining how primary care physicians (PCPs) experience TT. The objective of this research was to examine the experiences of PCPs in using TT in their communication with patients. During 2023 in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Israeli PCPs: family physicians and pediatricians. The concept of boundary work emerged as a focal point, with three forms of boundary work identified in the PCPs’ descriptions of their TT experiences: collaborative, competitive, and configurational. Interviewees described improved collaboration with patients who find it difficult to get to the clinic and better service for administrative issues. However, they reported constant power struggles to maintain their authority. They expressed concern about treatment failure and suggested that healthcare organizations reconfigure TT so that it can be used to provide optimal care. They suggested that healthcare organizations should instruct physicians how to best manage TT consultations and regulate its usage. This article demonstrates that while implementing TT in primary care has many advantages, it uncovers boundary work for maintaining power and authority that both PCPs and healthcare organizations should take into account in practice as well as in policy.
Legitimacy and professional boundaries: An institutional analysis of Chinese Medicine in Mainland China and Hong Kong
Authors: Tian Xiaoli , Zhang Sai
Published: December 2024

The legitimacy of complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs) and their integration into mainstream healthcare have long been a topic in sociological discussions. This study examines the institutional influences on Chinese medicine (CM), an important CAM in mainland China and Hong Kong. In-depth interviews with practitioners and observations in public hospitals facilitate a comparison of the professional boundaries, statuses, and jurisdictions of CM in the two regions. In mainland China, CM has a high degree of state-granted legitimacy with blurred professional boundaries between CM and Western medicine (WM) in a highly integrated healthcare system. However, these blurred boundaries have had the following unintended consequences: (i) devaluation of traditional knowledge in CM education and practices, (ii) biomedicalisation of CM practices wherein a substantial reliance on WM has decreased the utilisation of healing principles in CM and (iii) ambiguity in the efficacy of CM due to the co-use of CM and WM. In contrast, the demarcated professional boundaries in Hong Kong have allowed CM to maintain its knowledge base, even though CM is practised within strict parameters. This study reveals that institutional requirements (on efficiency, accountability and profitability) prioritise the biomedical model and drive the biomedicalisation of CM. Therefore, the lack of clear professional boundaries in the current integrative medical system in mainland China have eroded the knowledge base of CM and undermined the efficacy-based legitimacy of CM.
Platformized production of homonationalism: An ethnography of queer media production in China
Authors: Liu Jiacheng , Miao* Weishan
Published: December 2024

Queer media production research, almost exclusively conducted in the western context, predominantly focuses on the queer-capital interplay and overlooks the role of the state in contexts where the state remains the dominant force in limiting LGBTQ rights. In bridging queer media production with homonationalism, this paper presents an ethnographic account of Danlan, the longest-lasting commercial queer media in China. We demonstrate that Danlan is experimenting with a nationalism-infused, non-confrontational, and de-westernized approach to LGBTQ visibility that requires it to align with the Chinese authority and distance from the framework of LGBTQ advocacy deemed western. Situated in the context of platformization, homonationalism also functions as a template for workers at Danlan to facilitate everyday production while minimizing political risks and increasing traffic, which further complicates its social-political implications. We understand this form of homonationalism as a quotidian platform practice that relies on intentional self-depoliticization and alignment with the state to sustain itself.
On the fly: How Japanese social media “watchers” improvise to counter problematic information
Authors: Mimizuka Kayo , Rodarte André K , Arif Ahmer
Published: December 2024

Recent studies have explored how the purveyors of problematic information can mobilize online crowds by tapping into positive feelings like amusement, belonging, and optimism. Unfortunately, it is not clear how such participation and emotions can also help communities reduce the spread of problematic information. We address this gap by examining how a group of Japanese social media “watchers” monitored and countered YamatoQ, a pro-QAnon Japanese conspiracy group. We analyze interviews with 12 watchers to make empirical contributions about the how, where, and why of their activities. Participants describe a playful approach to confronting problematic information, whereby they leverage a sense of improvisation, humor, and community to meet the challenges of their work. These results extend our knowledge of volunteer efforts to address problematic information, and expand the range of perspectives represented in the literature regarding the participatory and emotional aspects of problematic information.
Testing mediating variables and relationships with relative weight analysis
Authors: Garver Michael S.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this research article is to put forth a new research process for employing relative weight analysis (RWA) to test for mediating variables and relationships. When implementing this new research process, RWA is employed as the primary analysis technique implementing a modified joint significance test with RWA results. An empirical demonstration of this new research process is implemented, and the findings are compared to results from multiple regression analysis implementing the PROCESS macro. In situations where there a relatively large number of independent variables that are highly correlated, the findings suggest that employing RWA is better suited to test for mediating variables and relationships. This is the first article which addresses employing RWA to test for mediating variables and relationships.
Enhancing coronary artery plaque analysis via artificial intelligence-driven cardiovascular computed tomography
Authors: Xia Jeffrey , Bachour Kinan , Suleiman Abdul-Rahman M. , Roberts Jacob S. , Sayed Sammy , Cho Geoffrey W.
Published: December 2024

Coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) is a noninvasive imaging modality of cardiac structures and vasculature considered comparable to invasive coronary angiography for the evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) in several major cardiovascular guidelines. Conventional image acquisition, processing, and analysis of CCTA imaging have progressed significantly in the past decade through advances in technology, computation, and engineering. However, the advent of artificial intelligence (AI)-driven analysis of CCTA further drives past the limitations of conventional CCTA, allowing for greater achievements in speed, consistency, accuracy, and safety. AI-driven CCTA (AI-CCTA) has achieved a significant reduction in radiation exposure for patients, allowing for high-quality scans with sub-millisievert radiation doses. AI-CCTA has demonstrated comparable accuracy and consistency in manual coronary artery calcium scoring against expert human readers. An advantage over invasive coronary angiography, which provides luminal information only, CCTA allows for plaque characterization, providing detailed information on the quality of plaque and offering further prognosticative value for the management of CAD. Combined with AI, many recent studies demonstrate the efficacy, accuracy, efficiency, and precision of AI-driven analysis of CCTA imaging for the evaluation of CAD, including assessing degree stenosis, adverse plaque characteristics, and CT fractional flow reserve. The limitations of AI-CCTA include its early phase in investigation, the need for further improvements in AI modeling, possible medicolegal implications, and the need for further large-scale validation studies. Despite these limitations, AI-CCTA represents an important opportunity for improving cardiovascular care in an increasingly advanced and data-driven world of modern medicine.
Tobacco harm perceptions, regulatory attitudes, and cessation intentions before and after the COVID-19 lockdown in California
Authors: Beylin Natalie R , Song Anna V , Epperson Anna E
Published: December 2024

The present study examined tobacco health perceptions, regulation attitudes, and cessation intentions among California adults before and after the COVID-19 lockdown, given the pandemic’s mixed impact on tobacco use. An online survey of California adults was conducted in two phases: pre-lockdown (March 2020, n = 1349) and post-lockdown (May 2020, n = 1201). Participants ( M age 30.29 years; SD = 5.91) from both samples were predominately former or current smokers, male, and non-Hispanic White (>60% for all). This method allowed for a comparison of attitudes and behaviors across two distinct periods with two samples. There were significant differences between pre- and post-lockdown risk perceptions, regulatory attitudes, and cessation intentions. Examining shifts in perceptions and attitudes amidst the pandemic aids in understanding the complex and dynamic nature of tobacco behavior change through the lens of a major socioenvironmental event to guide future tobacco control efforts.
The Relationship Between Oral Fluency and Conversational Self-Repair Among L2 Chinese Learners
Authors: Cao Fei
Published: December 2024

This study examines the developmental relationship between L2 Chinese oral fluency and self-repair in Dutch students learning Chinese. In this study, 76 junior Dutch students were split into two different groups based on level and were tested at two time periods (T1 and T2) for L2 Chinese fluency, which included the control variables of repetition repair, expansion, grammar, and phonological repair. The latent growth model was utilized to analyze the data. The predictive effects of the initial level and development rate of L2 oral fluency on self-repair were investigated after controlling for relevant variables. We also used diversity analysis to explore oral fluency. The univariate latent growth model was employed to examine the direction of influence among L2 Chinese oral fluency and the four types of self-repair variables, and the autoregression control model was utilized to analyze the beginner level. Gray relational analysis was used to explore the relationship among the above variables for the more advanced level group. Based on our results, the regression model performed best for predicting the relationship between the variables in the first oral fluency test as well the second. The results showed that the grammar repair skills seen in the first assessment can positively predict oral fluency ( B = 0.373, p = .001 < .05) in the second; the first expansion repair ( B = −0.250, p = .025 < .05) can negatively predict oral fluency in the second test. Specifically, by analyzing the relationship between self-repair types and second-language oral fluency, our study can enrich the theories related to conversational repair. At the same time, our study is helpful in improving learners’ oral communicative competence, teachers’ adjustment of teaching strategies, and learners’ efficient acquisition of Chinese.
Familial Predisposition to Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury in Australian Rules Footballers
Authors: Hasani Sara , Feller Julian A. , Webster Kate E.
Published: December 2024

Background:

A community athlete with an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is 2.5 times more likely to have a family history of ACL injury than an athlete without an ACL injury. The prevalence of family history and its relationship to ACL injury has not been investigated in elite athletes playing a high-risk sport such as Australian rules football.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is an association between primary ACL injury and family history in professional male and female Australian Football League (AFL) players. It was hypothesized that players with a history of ACL injury would have greater rates of family history.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

All AFL players in the state of Victoria, Australia, were invited to complete a survey querying about their history of ACL injury and whether they had any immediate family members with a history of ACL injury. ACL injury history was compared in those with and without a family history of ACL injury according to sex.

Results:

Completed surveys were obtained from 615 out of a possible 672 (91.5%) AFL players, of whom 410 were men and 205 were women. Of players with a history of ACL injury, family history was reported in 47% of male players (15 of 32) and 32% of female players (7 of 22). Male players with an ACL injury history were 3.19 times (95% CI, 1.55-6.76; P < .003) more likely to have a positive family history compared with those without ACL injury, and female players with an ACL injury history were 1.7 times (95% CI, 0.66-4.5; P = .2) more likely to report a family history than those without.

Conclusion:

A strong association was observed between family history and primary ACL injury history in male Australian rules football players. The same association was not statistically significant in female players.
Risk Factors Associated with Falls in Hospitalized Older Adults Patients
Authors: Chen Miaohong , Tao Yajuan , Lin Zhexin , Li Shiliang , He Wen , Zhang Ling
Published: December 2024

Background: Given the complexity of existing assessment methods and the scarcity of specialized geriatric healthcare professionals in China, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors for falls in hospitalized older adults patients. Methods: From July 2018 to July 2020, 112 older adults patients hospitalized in the Department of Geriatrics of our hospital were enrolled and grouped into the low-( n = 12), medium-( n = 58), and high-( n = 42) (fall) risk groups according to the Johns Hopkins Fall Risk Assessment. The patient’s clinical characteristics, smoking, alcohol consumption, disease, falling history, osteoporosis medication, mobility, Barthel index, MMSE, and JHFRAT score were compared between groups. Results: The high-risk group had the oldest age, and the lowest weight, BMI, as well as highest rate of stroke history and sarcopenia among the three groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that stroke history ( B = 2.66, 95% CI = [0.43, 4.89]; p = .020) and gait speed ( B = −4.78, 95% CI = [−8.74, −0.76]; p = .020) were the significant factors associated with fall risk in hospitalized older adults patients. Conclusions: The results suggested that hospitalized older adults patients with stroke history and low gait speed had higher fall risk. These findings may be helpful for fall prevention in hospitalized older adults patients.