bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct Regeneration of Industrial LiFePO4 Black Mass Through A Glycerol‐Enabled Granule Reconstruction Strategy
Authors: Feng Chengzhi , Cao Yang , Song Lixian , Zhao Bo , Yang Qin , Zhang Yaping , Wei Xijun , Zhou Guangmin , Song Yingze
Published: November 2024

With the increasing sales of electric vehicles, lots of spent lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) assembled with LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes will retire in the next few years, posing a significant challenge for their effective and environmentally‐friendly recycling. The main reason why spent LFP cathodes fail to re‐utilize lies in the lattice defects caused by lithium loss and structural defects resulting from stress accumulation. In this work, we propose an in situ granule reconstruction strategy to directly regenerate spent LFP black mass (S−BM) using glycerol in industry settings. The hydroxyl groups abundant in glycerol serves as electron donor that help reduce Fe (III) and repair Fe−Li antisite defects (FeLi). Additionally, the chelating properties of glycerol intervene with structurally disintegrated particles, inhibiting Oswald ripening effect and promoting bonding of grain boundaries to generate lamellar microcrystals with homogeneous grain size, recover their morphology and crystal structure after a facile annealing procedure. Furthermore, the regenerated LFP restores Fe−O bonds which further inhibits structural distortion and improve Li+ migration kinetics. As a result, the regenerated industrial LFP black mass (R−BM) exhibits superior lithium storage performance with a discharge capacity of 123.2 mA h g−1 after 500 cycles at 5.0 C (a capacity retention rate of 93.1 %).
Aptamer and DNAzyme Based Colorimetric Biosensors for Pathogen Detection
Authors: Liu Rudi , Li Jiuxing , Salena Bruno J. , Li Yingfu
Published: November 2024

The detection of pathogens is critical for preventing and controlling health hazards across clinical, environmental, and food safety sectors. Functional nucleic acids (FNAs), such as aptamers and DNAzymes, have emerged as versatile molecular tools for pathogen detection due to their high specificity and affinity. This review focuses on the in vitro selection of FNAs for pathogens, with emphasis on the selection of aptamers for specific biomarkers and intact pathogens, including bacteria and viruses. Additionally, the selection of DNAzymes for bacterial detection is discussed. The integration of these FNAs into colorimetric biosensors has enabled the development of simple, cost‐effective diagnostic platforms. Both non‐catalytic and catalytic colorimetric biosensors are explored, including those based on gold nanoparticles, polydiacetylenes, protein enzymes, G‐quadruplexes, and nanozymes. These biosensors offer visible detection through color changes, making them ideal for point‐of‐care diagnostics. The review concludes by highlighting current challenges and future perspectives for advancing FNA‐based colorimetric biosensing technologies for pathogen detection.
Synthesis and Functionalization of Sulfoximine‐Bicyclo[1.1.0]butanes: Functionalizable, Tuneable and Cysteine‐Selective Chiral Warheads
Authors: Zhong Zhenhao , Hocking Brad J. W. , Brown Charles P. , Ma Tsz‐Kan , White Andrew J. P. , Mann David J. , Armstrong Alan , Bull James A.
Published: November 2024

Electrophilic covalent warheads with appropriate reactivity and selectivity are crucial to the investigation of protein function and the discovery of therapeutics. Here we report the synthesis of sulfoximine bicyclo[1.1.0] butanes (BCBs) as novel thiol reactive chiral warheads, achieved in one‐pot from methylsulfoximines. Unusually the warhead can then be derivatized, keeping the BCB intact, over 3 vectors: i) sulfoximine N‐modification instills a broad range of strain‐release reactivity; ii) sp2‐cross‐coupling reactions on aryl‐BCB‐sulfoximines allows direct diversification, and iii) functionalization of the BCB motif itself is achieved by metalation and trapping with electrophiles. The BCB sulfoximines are shown to react selectively with cysteine including in a protein model (CDK2) under biocompatible conditions. Preliminary data indicate suitability for chemoproteomic applications, and enantioselective cysteine‐labelling. The reactivity of sulfoximine BCBs with electron withdrawing groups on nitrogen is comparable to acrylamides with low to moderate reactivity.
Synthesis of Iron(IV) Alkynylide Complexes and Their Reactivity to Form 1,3‐Diynes
Authors: Souilah Charafa , Jannuzzi Sergio A. V. , Becker Felix J. , Demirbas Derya , Jenisch Daniel , Ivlev Sergei , Xie Xiulan , Peredkov Sergey , Lichtenberg Crispin , DeBeer Serena , Casitas Alicia
Published: November 2024

The isolation of thermally unstable and highly reactive organoiron(IV) complexes is a challenge for synthetic chemists. In particular, the number of examples where the C‐based ligand is not part of the chelating ligand remains scarce. These compounds are of interest because they could pave the way to designing catalytic cycles of bond forming reactions proceeding via organoiron(IV) intermediates. Herein, we report the synthesis and characterization, including single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, of a family of alkynylferrates(III) and Fe(IV) alkynylide complexes. The alkynylferrates(III) are formed by transmetalation of the Fe(III) precursor [(N3N’)FeIII] (N3N’3− is tris(N‐tert‐butyldimethylsilyl‐2‐amidoethyl)amine) with lithium alkynylides, and their further one‐electron oxidation enables the synthesis of the corresponding Fe(IV) alkynylides. The electronic structure of this family of organometallic Fe(III) and Fe(IV) complexes has been thoroughly investigated by spectroscopic methods (EPR, NMR, 57Fe Mössbauer, X‐Ray absorption (XAS) and emission (XES) spectroscopies) and theoretical calculations. While alkynylferrates(III) are sluggish to engage into C−C bond forming processes, the Fe(IV) alkynylides react to afford 1,3‐diynes at room temperature. A bimolecular reductive elimination from a bimetallic Fe(IV) intermediate to form the 1,3‐diynes is proposed based on the mechanistic investigations performed.
Rhodolith Beds in a Shifting World: A Palaeontological Perspective
Authors: Aguirre Julio , Braga Juan C.
Published: November 2024

The occurrence of rhodolith beds in the stratigraphic record from the Cretaceous to the Pleistocene was analysed from published papers. Most data refer to low–mid latitude records of rhodolith beds described in the Tethyan–Paratethyan–Mediterranean domain. The first putative rhodolith beds are from Albian (uppermost Lower Cretaceous) deposits. These rhodolith beds are made up mostly of unattached loose branching corallines as well as of nodular structures. From the Coniacian (Upper Cretaceous) to the Langhian (Middle Miocene), abundance of rhodolith beds shows a generally increasing fluctuating trend with two significant expansions in the Priabonian (late Eocene) and during the Aquitanian–Langhian (Early‐Middle Miocene). After the Langhian maximum, rhodolith beds sharply declined to a minimum in the Zanclean (Early Pliocene). During the Pleistocene, they recovered to values similar to those reached in the Langhian. The general increase in rhodolith beds up the Langhian maximum correlates well with global temperature and pCO2 declines and with an ocean pH increase. The tectonic activity leading to important palaeogeographic changes in the Tethyan–Parathetyan–Mediterranean realm might account for the Serravallian–Zanclean downfall of rhodolith‐dominated deposits. The Cretaceous–Pleistocene record of rhodolith beds shows that these ecosystems withstood successfully a highly changing world. The rapid acclimation of particular taxa to environmental changes and the variable reaction of taxa distributed at different water depths can be crucial to understand their success. In this regard, it would be interesting to analyse how different taxa in modern deep rhodolith beds respond to changing oceanic conditions.
Refocusing graduate gross anatomy training: Curating future content experts
Authors: Elliott Gail , Pinhal‐Enfield Grace
Published: November 2024

Graduate anatomy courses should be designed based on several needs. These include preparation for how to study in medical school and other healthcare programs, integrating multiple ways of engaging with the material, including repetition for long‐term retention, and training of anatomy educators. Our graduate anatomy course presents an example of a balanced course structure that caters to the varying needs of different learners and encourages interest in anatomy education as a profession. By refocusing graduate gross anatomy training, we aim to support learners pursuing fields that utilize anatomy, including healthcare professions as well as future content experts to address the shortage of qualified anatomy educators.
Injectable Hydrogels for Liver: Potential for Clinical Translation
Authors: Vasudevan Ashwini , Ghosal Doyel , Ram Sahu Sita , Kumar Jha Narsing , Vijayaraghavan Pooja , Kumar Sachin , Kaur Savneet
Published: November 2024

Injectable hydrogels are a sub‐type of hydrogels which can be delivered into the host in a minimally invasive manner. They can act as carriers to encapsulate and deliver cells, drugs or active biomolecules across several disease conditions. Polymers, either synthetic or natural, or even a combination of the two, can be used to create injectable hydrogels. Clinically approved injectable hydrogels are being used as dressings for burn wounds, bone and cartilage reconstruction. Injectable hydrogels have recently gained tremendous attention for their delivery into the liver in pre‐clinical models. However, their efficacy in clinical studies remains yet to be established. In this article, we describe principles for the design of these injectable hydrogels, delivery strategies and their potential applications in facilitating liver regeneration and ameliorating injury. We also discuss the several constraints related to translation of these hydrogels into clinical settings for liver diseases and deliberate some potential solutions to combat these challenges.
Molecular Imprinting as a Tool for Exceptionally Selective Gas Separation in Nanoporous Polymers
Authors: Park Jaewoo , Jung Minji , Elashery Sally E. A. , Oh Hyunchul , Attia Nour F.
Published: November 2024

The alarming rise in atmospheric CO2 levels, primarily driven by fossil fuel combustion and industrial processes, has become a major contributor to global climate change. Effective CO2 capture technologies are urgently needed, particularly for the selective removal of CO2 from industrial gas streams, such as flue gas and biogas, which often contain impurities like N2 and CH4. In this study, we report the design and synthesis of novel molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) using 4‐vinylpyridine (4VP) and methacrylic acid (MAA) as functional monomers, and thiophene (Th) and formaldehyde (HC) as molecular templates. The MIPs were specifically engineered to create selective molecular cavities within a nanoporous polymer matrix for the efficient capture of CO2. By adjusting the molar ratios of the template to functional monomers, we optimized the molecular imprinting process to enhance CO2 selectivity over N2 and CH4. The resulting MIPs exhibited outstanding performance, with a maximum CO2/N2 selectivity of 153 at 25 bar and CO2/CH4 selectivity of 25.3 at 1 bar, significantly surpassing previously reported porous polymers and metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) under similar conditions. Furthermore, we conducted heat of adsorption studies, which revealed the strong and selective interaction of CO2 with the imprinted cavities, confirming the superior adsorption properties of the synthesized MIPs. The study demonstrates that molecular imprinting can effectively enhance both CO2 capture capacity and selectivity, providing a cost‐efficient and scalable solution for industrial CO2 separation and purification processes.
Modulating Electronic Structure of Amorphous Indium Oxide for Efficient Formate Synthesis Towards CO2 Electroreduction
Authors: Gao Yuanxiang , Yang Zhengwu , Zhao Jiankang , Kong Xiangdong , Geng Zhigang
Published: November 2024

Tuning the electronic structure of catalysts is an efficient approach to optimize the catalytic performance of CO2 electroreduction. Herein, we constructed an efficient catalyst consisting of amorphous InOX with a cotton‐like structure spreading over N doped carbon (N−C) substrate to extend the catalysts‐substrate interfaces for enhancing electron‐transfer effect. The amorphous InOX growing on N−C substrate (InOX/N−C) exhibited an improved current density of −34.4 mA cm−2. Notably, a faradaic efficiency for formate (HCOO−) over the amorphous InOX/N−C reached 79.6 % at −1.0 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, 1.8 times as high as that (44.2 %) over the amorphous InOX growing on carbon black substrate. Mechanistic studies revealed that the introduction of N−C as substrates accelerated charge‐transfer process on the catalytic surface of InOX/N−C. Density functional theory calculations further revealed that the interactions between N−C substrate and InOX not only facilitated the potential‐determining *HCOO protonation, but also inhibited hydrogen evolution, thus improving the catalytic performance for the production of HCOO−.
Anion Coordination Chemistry: An Expedition Towards Designing of Functional Materials
Authors: Pegu Oiyao Appun , Moral Rubi , Das Gopal
Published: November 2024

This review highlights important research on anion coordination chemistry for materials applications over the last decade. This field has numerous applications in various areas, such as the environment, industry, and medicine. Despite its enormous potential, real‐world applicability is still pending. However, there has been a new trajectory in the field recently, with rapid advancement in designing sophisticated molecular systems for various materials applications. To keep track of this dynamic advancement, we have discussed some outstanding research work with enormous potential for materials applications soon.
Synergistic Coupling Effect and Anionic Modulation of CoFe LDH@MXene for Triggered and Sustained Alkaline Water/Seawater Electrolysis
Authors: Song Shixue , Xia Minglong , Feng Yi , Zhang Xiaojie
Published: November 2024

The application of seawater splitting is crucial for hydrogen production; therefore, efficient electrocatalysts are necessary to prevent chlorine evolution and severe corrosion. A synergistic method is employed on CoFe LDH by integrating a conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene layer and subsequently applying anionic modulation. Robust metal‐substrate interaction along with subsequent phosphidation facilitates efficient electron transfer and optimises the electronic structure of Co and Fe sites. The CoFe−P−1000@Ti3C2Tx/CC demonstrates commendable electrochemical performance, requiring overpotentials of 106.6 mV and 276 mV for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at 10 mA cm−2 in 1 M KOH electrolyte, while 292 mV is necessary for OER in a simulated seawater electrolyte (1 M KOH+0.5 M NaCl). Furthermore, the CoFe−P−1000@Ti3C2Tx/CC exhibits an encouraging cell voltage of 1.59 V (j=10 mA cm−2) for comprehensive alkaline seawater splitting, maintaining exceptional stability for over 50 hours.
The Crucial Discovery of Thermonuclear X‐Ray Bursts: Never Throw Away Old Data!
Authors: Kuulkers Erik
Published: November 2024

The discovery of Type I x‐ray bursts is attributed to those seen by the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite (ANS) in September 1975 from the globular cluster NGC 6624 containing the x‐ray source 4U 1820‐303. I revisit these x‐ray bursts, by reanalyzing data from the Soft X‐ray Experiment (SXX) onboard ANS, which were stored on microfiche. Earlier accounts of x‐ray bursts had been reported; the first Type I x‐ray burst recorded is the one observed by Vela 5B from Cen X‐4 in July 1969.
How auditory processing influences the autistic profile: A review
Authors: Poulsen R. , Williams Z. , Dwyer P. , Pellicano E. , Sowman P. F. , McAlpine D.
Published: November 2024

We need to combine sensory data from various sources to make sense of the world around us. This sensory data helps us understand our surroundings, influencing our experiences and interactions within our everyday environments. Recent interest in sensory‐focused approaches to supporting autistic people has fixed on auditory processing—the sense of hearing and the act of listening—and its crucial role in language, communications, and social domains, as well as non‐social autism‐specific attributes, to understand better how sensory processing might differ in autistic people. In this narrative review, we synthesize published research into auditory processing in autistic people and the relationship between auditory processing and autistic attributes in a contextually novel way. The purpose is to understand the relationship between these domains more fully, drawing on evidence gleaned from experiential perspectives through to neurological investigations. We also examine the relationship between auditory processing and diagnosable auditory conditions, such as hyperacusis, misophonia, phonophobia, and intolerance to loud sounds, as well as its relation to sleep, anxiety, and sensory overload. Through reviewing experiential, behavioral and neurological literature, we demonstrate that auditory processes interact with and shape the broader autistic profile—something not previously considered. Through a better understanding of the potential impact of auditory experiences, our review aims to inform future research on investigating the relationship between auditory processing and autistic traits through quantitative measures or using qualitative experiential inquiry to examine this relationship more holistically.
Increased alpha power in autistic adults: Relation to sensory behaviors and cortical volume
Authors: Murray Scott O. , Seczon Daniela L. , Pettet Mark , Rea Hannah M. , Woodard Kristin M. , Kolodny Tamar , Webb Sara Jane
Published: November 2024

Alpha‐band (~10 Hz) neural oscillations, crucial for gating sensory information, may offer insights into the atypical sensory experiences characteristic of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated alpha‐band EEG activity in autistic adults (n = 29) compared with a nonautistic group (n = 23) under various stimulus‐driven and resting‐state conditions. The autistic group showed consistently higher alpha amplitude across all time points. In addition, there was proportionally more suppression of alpha at stimulus onset in the autistic group, and alpha amplitude in this stimulus‐onset period correlated with sensory behaviors. Recent research suggests a link between subcortical structures' volume and cortical alpha magnitude. Prompted by this, we explored the association between alpha power and the volume of subcortical structures and total cortical volume in ASD. Our findings indicate a significant correlation with total cortical volume and a group by hippocampal volume interaction, pointing to the potential role of anatomical structural characteristics as potential modulators of cortical alpha oscillations in ASD. Overall, the results highlight altered alpha in autistic individuals as potentially contributing to the heightened sensory symptoms in autistic compared with nonautistic adults.
Multifunctional PAMAM Dendrimers Carrying SAHA, 5‐FU, and a Therapeutic Gene for Targeted Co‐Delivery Toward Colorectal Cancer Cells
Authors: Bulkurcuoğlu Bünyamin , Gürbüz Mustafa Ulvi , Tyciakova Silvia , Pavlov Kristina , Mojzesova Nikoleta , Matuskova Miroslava , Tülü Metin , Erçelen Şebnem
Published: November 2024

A promising approach to treat colorectal cancer (CRC) involves combining chemotherapy, epigenetics, and gene therapy to combat drug resistance. Multifunctional nanocarriers have emerged as a valuable tool for targeted CRC therapy. By delivering multiple treatments directly to cancer cells, these nanocarriers offer the potential for improved outcomes and reduced side effects. PAMAM‐based dendrimers were functionalized with a unique combination of folic acid, 5‐FU, SAHA, and plasmid DNA pCIneoGFP for targeted delivery to CRC cells. Biophysical characterizations of therapeutic loaded dendrimers and their complexes with pCIneoGFP were performed by: dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy, and gel electrophoresis. Further, cellular analyses of dendriplexes demonstrated high transfection efficiency and anticancer activity on HCT 116 and HT‐29 cell lines. We have successfully developed a multifunctional nanocarrier platform based on PAMAM dendrimers, offering a promising tool for targeted combination therapy of CRC.
L‐Asparaginase from Lachancea Thermotolerans: Effect of Lys99Ala on Enzyme Performance and in vitro Antileukemic Efficacy
Authors: Aktar Berin Yilmazer , Aysan Arzu , Turunen Ossi , Yağci Tamer , Solğun Hüseyin Avni , Binay Barış
Published: November 2024

L‐asparaginases (EC 3.5.1.1) are amidohydrolase enzymes that predominantly catalyze conversion of L‐asparagine to L‐aspartic acid and ammonia. In addition, some exhibit secondary L‐glutaminase activity. Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi L‐asparaginases are widely used in the pharmaceutical industry to produce therapeutically important compounds. In the therapeutic use of enzymes, bacterial L‐asparaginases can trigger immune responses, leading to a high rate of adverse effects that diminish the effectiveness of the treatment. This situation has forced scientists to search for promising L‐asparaginases from new sources. Yeast L‐asparaginases could be useful in reducing toxicity and enhancing efficacy but they have been poorly studied to date. Here, we characterized the yeast Lachancea thermotolerans L‐asparaginase (LtASNase) purified by affinity chromatography. It has a specific activity of 313.8 U/mg and a high kcat value (312.4 s). We demonstrated through a semi‐rational design that the mutations of Lys99 show varying effects on catalytic activity, with the Lys99Ala mutant increasing specific activity 3.3‐fold. Furthermore, the in vitro antileukemic activity of the non‐formulated form of Lys99Ala LtASNase was evaluated against SUP‐B15 and REH cell lines. The results demonstrated that LtASNase exhibits significant antileukemic potential, comparable to commercial type II bacterial enzymes. The understanding of the mutant L‐asparaginases examined in this study will significantly contribute to the development of new and more effective yeast‐derived asparaginases.
Nurse‐Led Screening‐Triggered Early Specialized Palliative Care Program for Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Matsumoto Yoshihisa , Umemura Shigeki , Okizaki Ayumi , Fujisawa Daisuke , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Oyamada Shunsuke , Miyaji Tempei , Mashiko Tomoe , Kobayashi Naoko , Satomi Eriko , Kiuchi Daisuke , Morita Tatsuya , Uchitomi Yosuke , Goto Koichi , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: November 2024

Background

We aimed to examine the effectiveness of a nurse‐led, screening‐triggered early specialized palliative care intervention program for patients with advanced lung cancer.

Methods

Patients with advanced lung cancer who underwent initial chemotherapy were randomized to intervention and usual care groups between January 2017 and September 2019. The intervention comprised comprehensive needs assessments, counseling, and service coordination by advanced‐level nurses. Patients in the usual care group received the usual oncological care. The primary end point was a change in the trial outcome index (TOI) scores from baseline to 12 weeks. The secondary end‐points were TOI scores at week 20, depression, anxiety, and survival.

Results

In total, 102 patients were assigned to each group. Compared with the usual care group, no significant improvement in TOI scores was observed at 12 weeks in the intervention group (mean group difference: 2.13; 90% confidence interval: −0.70, 4.95; p = 0.107, one‐sided), whereas significant improvement was observed at 20 weeks (3.58; 90% confidence interval: 0.15, 7.00; p = 0.043). There were no significant differences in the change from baseline depression and anxiety between the groups from baseline at week 12 and 20 weeks (depression: p = 0.60 and 0.10, anxiety: p = 0.78 and 0.067). Survival did not significantly differ between the groups (median survival time: 12.1 vs. 11.1 months; p = 0.302).

Conclusions

Nurse‐led, screening‐triggered, early specialized palliative care did not show significant superiority over usual care during the 12‐week study period. However, it may have yielded delayed clinical benefits, such as improved quality of life and this feasible model can be acceptable in clinical practice.

Trial Registration: The University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry: UMIN000025491
Long‐Term Outcomes of Neoadjuvant Therapy Versus Upfront Surgery for Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Shin Kyung In , Yoon Min Sung , Kim Jee Hoon , Jang Won Joon , Leem Galam , Jo Jung Hyun , Chung Moon Jae , Park Jeong Youp , Park Seung Woo , Hwang Ho Kyoung , Kang Chang Moo , Kim Seung‐seob , Park Mi‐Suk , Lee Hee Seung , Bang Seungmin
Published: November 2024

Introduction

This study aimed to compare the long‐term effects of neoadjuvant therapy and upfront surgery on overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 202 patients, including 167 who had upfront surgery and 35 who received neoadjuvant therapy followed by surgery. Surgical outcomes and survival rates were compared using propensity score matching to minimize selection bias.

Results

Neoadjuvant therapy showed significantly longer 75% OS (72.7 months vs. 28.3 months, p = 0.032) and PFS (29.6 months vs. 13.2 months, p < 0.001) compared to upfront surgery. Additionally, neoadjuvant therapy demonstrated significant improvements in surgical outcomes, including higher R0 resection rates (74.3% vs. 49.5%, p = 0.034), reduced tumor size (22.0 mm vs. 28.0 mm, p = 0.001), and decreased lymphovascular invasion (20.0% vs. 52.4%, p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Our study demonstrates the potential benefits of neoadjuvant therapy for resectable PDAC. The improved survival rates, delayed disease progression, and enhanced surgical outcomes underscore the potential of neoadjuvant therapy in addressing this aggressive disease. Despite limitations such as the retrospective design and small sample size, these findings support the effectiveness of neoadjuvant therapy in improving treatment outcomes for PDAC patients in real‐world settings. Further prospective studies are required to validate these results.
An analysis of child safeguarding cases managed by National Governing Bodies of sport across England and Wales
Authors: Rhind Daniel , Booth Robert , Ade Rachel , Slinn Nick , Towesland Jude , Garrod Olivia
Published: November 2024

This study responded to a recommendation in the independent Duty of Care Report that called for standardised data to be collected and analysed regarding safeguarding cases in sport. A standardised case data tool was developed and piloted before being adopted by National Governing Bodies across England and Wales. An analysis of the first 4 years of data shows that a total of 3129 cases were managed. Overall, 54% of cases concerned behaviour outside of the context of sport. This demonstrates that sport plays an important role in the broader child protection system. In the remaining 46% of cases, the safeguarding concern was related to behaviour in the context of sport. The most commonly reported forms of concern in sport were physical abuse (20%), contact sexual abuse (20%), non‐contact sexual abuse (17%) and emotional abuse (17%). The threshold for cases to be included in the analysis was that the case was judged to be sufficiently serious to involve referral to, or consultation with, the Local Authority Designated Officer (LADO), Children's Services or the Police. There are clearly many cases that did not meet this threshold or were never reported, and hence, these data provide an indication of the safeguarding issues related to sport. The need to expand the tool to collect lower level concerns as well as to include safeguarding concerns regarding adults is advocated.
The intersection of child protection and healthcare: Paediatric social admissions
Authors: Stapleton Leanne
Published: November 2024

Objectives

In the context of a national shortage of specialist placements for children with complex needs in Ireland, this study examines the impact of healthcare professionals' management of paediatric social admissions (PSAs) in paediatric hospital settings, with particular attention to the child protection and welfare challenges encountered.

Design and Participants

A qualitative research design was utilised, employing semistructured interviews with healthcare professionals as the primary data collection method.

Findings

Thematic analysis of the interviews identified three principal themes: the spectrum of social admissions, influences and barriers, and the moral imperative of managing PSAs. The study found that social factors significantly influence the management and decision‐making processes in paediatric cases, often resulting in prolonged hospital stays. The findings highlight complex child protection issues, including severe shortages in specialist placements and the frequent discharge of children to environments other than their homes.

Conclusions

The children involved in this study often remained in acute care settings for protracted periods, ranging from 6 months to several years. These extended stays deprived them of normal routines, education, and family life, underscoring substantial child protection concerns. This study calls for urgent systemic improvements to address these issues and ensure that the rights and well‐being of children involved with PSAs are upheld.
Design and Synthesis of Various Aryl Amide Derivatives of Imidazo[1,5‐a] Pyridine‐1,2,4‐Thiadiazoles: In Vitro Cytotoxicity Evaluation and In Silico Molecular Docking Studies
Authors: Ghanta Srikanth , Chandrasekhar Choragudi , Sravani Dasari , Tej Mandava Bhuvan , Syed Tasqeeruddin , Kapavarapu Ravi Kumar , Raju Rudraraju Ramesh
Published: November 2024

A new series of various aryl amide derivatives of imidazo[1,5‐a]pyridine‐1,2,4‐thiadiazoles (15a‐j) were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cytotoxic profiles against four human cancer cell lines such as breast cancer (MCF‐7), lung cancer (A549), colon cancer (Colo‐205), and ovarian cancer (A2780), via the MTT assay, with etoposide as the standard known chemotherapeutic agent. Five compounds, 15a, 15b, 15c, 15f, and 15j, exhibited more potent cytotoxic effects than did etoposide. Among them, compound 15a exhibited potent cytotoxic effects against the MCF‐7, A549, Colo‐205, and A2780 cell lines, with IC50 values of 0.11 ± 0.045 µM, 0.94 ± 0.047 µM, 0.39 ± 0.023 µM, and 0.77 ± 0.062 µM, respectively. Through docking simulations of human topoisomerase IIβ, it is apparent that compounds 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15f manifested exceptional binding affinities and interaction profiles, surpassing the other compounds evaluated in this in silico study.
Lipid Fatty Acid Profile of Asplenium scolopendrium Gametophytes Modulated by Light Spectral Composition
Authors: Voronkov Alexander , Ivanova Tatiana
Published: November 2024

We investigated the total lipid fatty acid (FA) composition of the fern Asplenium scolopendrium gametophyte, representing 25 individual FA species, for the first time. Conjugated octadecadienoates—18:2(10,12), rarely found in plant tissues—were identified. The possibility of modulating the lipid FAs composition under the action of light of different wavelengths on in vitro cultured gametophytes was demonstrated. Thus, exposure to blue (450 nm) and red (660 nm) light resulted in only insignificant changes in the minor FAs. This stability can be attributed to the fact that these wavelengths of light are necessary for photosynthesis and therefore optimal for the fern gametophyte. Green (GL, 525 nm) and far‐red (FRL, 730 nm) light caused dramatic changes in the FA profile—the triene FAs decreased and the very‐long‐chain (VLC) FAs increased, mainly at the expense of saturated even‐VLCFAs. This resulted in a dramatic decrease in the unsaturation index, indicating a decrease in membrane fluidity under GL and FRL illumination conditions. These changes indicate a significant rearrangement of the lipid metabolism of the A. scolopendrium gametophyte at light wavelengths not directly involved in photosynthetic processes (GL and FRL), in particular by triggering β‐oxidation and blocking the plastidial pathway of FA synthesis.
Syringin: Plant Source, Traditional Uses, Anti‐Cancer, Brain Protection, and Related Pharmacological Properties
Authors: Liu Chuan , Xu Huijuan , Wang Peng , Li Yafan , Yi Xiangrui , Tu Ya
Published: November 2024

Traditional herbal medicines, containing syringin in different parts of the world, have been used to enhance memory, relieve pain, cough, clear fever, treat psoas tension, tonsillitis, sore throat, acute gastroenteritis, and anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and so on. In this article, the extraction, analytical method, pharmacological action, and research progress of syringin‐containing plants were reviewed. Various extraction methods and detection methods of syringin were summarized, especially the ultrasonic‐assisted extraction and high‐performance liquid chromatography, which were recommended for the extraction and determination of syringin. We spotlighted the anti‐cancer, brain‐protective, and anti‐inflammatory pharmacological effects of syringin. An in‐depth analysis of four plants contains syringin—Eleutherococcus senticosus, Codonopsis pilosula, Daphne tangutica Maxim, and Syringa reticulata subsp. amurensis. In addition, the safety and efficacy of these four plants and preparations containing syringin (Shugan Jieyu Capsule, compound Coginseng tablet, hyoscyamine ointment, and Qinfenghong Zhike capsule) were analyzed. Although syringin has been widely used in traditional medicine, its specific mechanism of action and clinical efficacy are still not completely understood, and further research is needed to explore and verify it. This study provides a valuable theoretical basis and potential research direction for the research and development of new drugs such as anti‐cancer and brain protection.
Deciphering HMGB1: Across a spectrum of DNA and nucleosome dynamics
Authors: Gupta Ishu , Patel Ashok K.
Published: November 2024

HMGB1 is the most abundant nonhistone nuclear protein, which has been widely studied for its roles in the cytoplasm as an autophagy mediator and in the extracellular matrix as an inflammatory molecule. Studies concerning HMGB1's actual role and its binding within the nucleus are inadequate. Through this in vitro study, we aimed to discern the binding parameters of HMGB1 with various types of DNA, nucleosomes, and chromatin. HMGB1 binds differentially to different DNA, with a high affinity for altered DNA structures such as triplex and bulge DNA. Remodelling of nucleosome by CHD7 remodeller was negatively impacted by the binding of HMGB1. We also found that HMGB1 binds to the linker DNA of chromatin. Findings from this study shed light on the diverse roles HMGB1 may play in transcription, gene expression, viral replication, CHARGE syndrome and so forth.
Morphological Evolution of Metal‐Organic Frameworks into Hedrite, Sheaf and Spherulite Superstructures with Localized Different Coloration
Authors: Malik Naveen , Shimon Linda J. W. , Houben Lothar , Kossoy Anna , Pinkas Iddo , Kaplan‐Ashiri Ifat , Bendikov Tatyana , Lahav Michal , van der Boom Milko E.
Published: November 2024

The branched metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are the first superstructures of this kind, and the growth mechanism may explain crystal shapes of other materials. The mechanism of the formation of fascinating structures having a hedrite, sheaf or spherulite appearance are detailed. The branching can be controlled, resulting in crystals that either exhibit multiple generations of branching or a single generation. These structures might result from an increasing number of defects on fast‐grown rods. As the basal facets become less reactive, material is added to the prism facets, leading to secondary nucleation and triangular branches. These triangular structures are connected to the rod surface, growing longer than the central rod. Electron diffraction analyses show that the sheafs are polycrystalline structures with their fantails consisting of single‐crystalline nanorods deviating gradually from each other in their orientation. The crystallographic structure consists of channels with opposite handedness. The accessibility of the nanochannels and the porosity of the superstructures are demonstrated by chromophore diffusion into the channels. The confinement and alignment of the chromophores inside the channels resulted in polarized‐light dependent coloration of the crystals; the polycrystallinity generated areas having different optical properties.
Orthogonal Functionalization of Oxo‐Graphene Nanoribbons
Authors: Merkel Lucia , Neumann Christof , Halbig Christian E. , Habel Anton , Chen Xin , Turchanin Andrey , Eigler Siegfried
Published: November 2024

Oxo‐graphene nanoribbons (oxo‐GNRs) can be prepared by the oxidative unzipping of single‐walled carbon nanotubes. We present an orthogonal functionalization method for the functionalization of the rims and the π‐surface, respectively, what is only possible due to the high rim portion in oxo‐GNRs. In particular, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy could be used to follow the reaction and detect the marker atoms contained in the addends. We propose that the reported orthogonal functionalization strategy can also be applied on other oxo‐functionalized carbon materials, such as graphene quantum dots, or reduced graphene oxide flakes.
Doping engineering in the CdTe thin film solar cells
Authors: Duan Xiao‐Meng , Wang Yi‐Zhao , Yan Feng
Published: November 2024

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin film solar cells have gained significant attention in the photovoltaic industry due to their high efficiency and low cost. CdTe solar cells have achieved a high‐power conversion efficiency of 23.1%. To further boost the device's performance, it is crucial to systematically tune the doping concentration and carrier concentration, which are dominated by the doping approach and the following dopant activation processes. Both Group I elements (e.g., Cu) and Group V elements (e.g., As) doping have demonstrated high efficiency and utilizing various doping techniques. This review provides an overview of the history of the CdTe thin film technology, doping mechanisms, doping techniques, challenges, and potential solutions to further improve device performance.
Correlation of different HPV genotype viral loads and cervical lesions: A retrospective analysis of 1585 cases
Authors: Zhou Yilu , Liu Jiaxin , Chen Shuai , Xin Xianzhen , Xiao Mohan , Qiang Xian , Zhang Lina
Published: November 2024

Background

To reduce unnecessary examinations and treatments, an effective detection method for differentiating human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive patients is urgently needed. This study aimed to explore the differences in HPV viral loads across various cervical lesions and identify the optimal cutoff value for high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with varying degrees of cervical lesions admitted to a hospital between January 1, 2023, and March 1, 2024. The HPV genotype and viral load were determined using BioPerfectus multiplex real‐time assay. The differences in HPV genotype viral loads among cervical lesion classifications were analyzed to identify the most applicable type of viral load.

Results

The viral loads of HPV16, HPV31, HPV33, HPV35, and HPV58 were significantly associated with the grade of cervical lesions (p < .05), with the HPV16 group exhibiting the strongest correlation (p < .01). The HPV16 viral load demonstrated good sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for predicting HSIL (Se = 81.52%, Sp = 64.13%). The three most prevalent HPV genotypes associated with negative, low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) and HSILs were HPV16, HPV52, and HPV58. HPV33 exhibited the highest prevalence of HSILs, followed by HPV16.

Conclusions

High‐risk HPV viral load is associated with cervical lesion classification. HPV16 viral load can effectively differentiate HSIL from LSIL with good Se and Sp.
Through‐Space vs Through‐Bond Charge Transfer Fluorophores as Emitters for Efficient Blue Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Arunlimsawat Suangsiri , Rueantong Kasin , Itsoponpan Teerapat , Waengdongbung Wijitra , Sudyoadsuk Taweesak , Promarak Vinich
Published: November 2024

Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and properties of two donor‐π‐acceptor (D‐π‐A) charge transfer fluorophores pursuing an efficient deep blue emitter for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). TCyCN and TPhCN comprise triphenylamine as a donor and benzonitrile as an acceptor connecting by either [2.2]paracyclophane (Cy) as a through‐space π‐linker or phenyl ring (Ph) as a through‐bond π‐linker, respectively. In thin film, TCyCN shows deep blue emission with moderate fluorescence efficiency, while TPhCN displays cyan blue emission with a high fluorescence efficiency. The two molecules feature hybridized local and charge‐transfer states with good thermal stability and balanced charge transport properties. They are successfully employed as non‐doped blue emissive layers in OLEDs. The TCyCN‐based device emits deep blue light peaked at 425 nm (CIE coordinates of (0.157, 0.076)) with a moderate electroluminescent (EL) performance (EQEmax=3.23 % and CEmax=2.06 cd A−1), while the TPhCN‐based device attains an excellent EL performance (EQEmax=6.24 % and CEmax=8.26 cd A−1) with cyan blue emission peaked at 490 nm. This work provides insight into the relationship between molecular design and properties of D‐π‐A emitters, offering a guideline for tailoring new organic compounds for organic optoelectronics.
The Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Active Ingredients From Hydroxysafflor Yellow A in Healthy Chinese Volunteers
Authors: Zhao Xiuli , Gu Shanye , wang Xia , Cai Yefeng , Zhou Ziyi
Published: November 2024

Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), an active ingredient extracted from Carthami flos, shows potential for treating ischemic stroke. This phase 1 study assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of HSYA in healthy Chinese volunteers who received intravenous infusions of pure HSYA powder. The study comprised 2 parts. Part A was a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled dose‐escalation study that evaluated safety and tolerability. This included a single‐dose study with 7 dose levels of HSYA (6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 mg) in 52 volunteers, and a multidose study (100 and 125 mg) in 16 volunteers. Part B was an open‐label study where 12 volunteers received 75 mg of HSYA once daily for 14 consecutive days to examine PKs. There were no adverse events (AEs) leading to treatment discontinuation by HSYA throughout the treatment period. All reported AEs were mild and did not require special treatment. PK analysis revealed rapid absorption (median Tmax of 1.1 hours) and elimination (median t1/2 4.0 and 4.7 hours) of HSYA. Total body clearance on the 1st and 14th days was 1.7 and 1.6 L/h, respectively.
Do Therapists Know When Their Clients Deteriorate? An Investigation of Therapists' Ability to Estimate and Predict Client Change During and After Psychotherapy
Authors: Østergård Ole Karkov , Grønnebæk Lasse , Nilsson Kristine Kahr
Published: November 2024

In routine outcome monitoring, psychotherapists receive feedback from their clients about their self‐reported progress during therapy. This practice is based on research indicating that therapists overestimate their effectiveness and cannot detect and predict negative client change. However, this assumption is based on only a few studies. This study aimed to investigate whether trainee therapists could estimate client deterioration after each session and after therapy and whether they, from session to session, could predict client post‐therapy outcomes. Fifty‐three postgraduate trainee therapists at a university clinic treated 105 clients, with an average of 13.1 sessions. A questionnaire was developed to measure the therapists' estimation of client change at each session and their session‐by‐session prediction of client post‐therapy outcomes. The 10‐item version of the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation–Outcome Measure (CORE‐OM) was used to measure clients' self‐reported change at each session. The data included 96 (91.5%) therapist estimations of client post‐therapy outcomes, 1015 (87.8%) estimations of client change from the second to the penultimate session, and 1140 predictions of post‐therapy outcomes. The study found that at post‐therapy, the therapists were only able to identify one out of eight clients who showed deterioration on the CORE‐10. Additionally, during therapy, they could accurately estimate only six out of 83 sessions in which clients had experienced deterioration on the CORE‐10, and they failed to predict any of the eight clients who ended therapy with deterioration. In conclusion, therapists cannot rely on their clinical judgement alone to assess client progress and outcomes and will depend on routine outcome monitoring to detect client deterioration.
Methanol Activation: Strategies for Utilization of Methanol as C1 Building Block in Sustainable Organic Synthesis
Authors: Tran Hung‐Vu , Dang Tuan Thanh , Nguyen Nguyen Hoang , Tran Huyen Thu , Nguyen Dung Tien , Do Dang Van , Le Thanh Son , Ngo Thuong Hanh , Late Yawa K. E. , Amaniampong Prince Nana , Fletcher Eugene , Hung Tran Quang , Cheng Yuran , Nguyen Tuan‐Khoa , Tran Tuan Sang , Zhang Jun , An Hongjie , Nguyen Nam‐Trung , Trinh Quang Thang
Published: November 2024

The development of efficient and sustainable chemical processes which use greener reagents and solvents, currently play an important role in current research. Methanol, a cheap and readily available resource from chemical industry, could be activated by transition metal catalysts. This review focuses in covering the recent five‐years literature and provides a systematic summary of strategies for methanol activation and the use in organic chemistry. Based on these strategies, many new synthetic methods have been developed for methanol utilization as the C1 building block in methylation, hydromethylation, aminomethylation, formylation reactions, as well as the syntheses of urea derivatives and heterocycles. The achievements, synthetic applications, limitations, some advanced approaches, and future perspectives of the methanol activation methodologies have been described in this review.
Boron Doping Induced Strong Anchor Effect Between Bimetal NiCo Alloy and Carbon Support for Efficient Electrocatalytic Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia
Authors: Zhang Meng , Cheng Xuetao , Duan Yun , Chen Junxiang , Wang Yan‐Qin
Published: November 2024

The electrochemical reduction of nitrate to ammonia presents a promising alternative to the conventional Haber‐Bosch process. In this study, a bimetallic NiCo alloy embedded in metal‐organic framework derived carbon layer with B doping electrocatalyst NiCo@BC was first successfully developed, which exhibits excellent electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia (ENO3RR) performance. In‐depth in situ experiments and a machine‐learning potential (MLP)‐based simulation reveal that B doping within the carbon layer has a crucial anchor effect that induces strong binding between bimetal NiCo alloy and carbon support. Moreover, B doping leads to a decrease in the coordination numbers around the metals, which results in a reduction of the excessively strong intermediates adsorption in the ENO3RR process, thereby significantly enhancing catalytic activity. The fabrication strategy of this electrocatalyst provides a new avenue on ENO3RR research.