bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Verbindungen mit potentieller Wirkung gegen Tumoren. 2. Mitt. N,N′‐(1‐Diadamantan‐diearbonsäureaniide).
Authors: FICARRA P. , FICARRA R. , TOMMASINI A. , FENECH G.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion entsprechender Diamine mit Adamantancarbonsäurechlorid werden die Diamide (I) erhalten, sie haben keine signifikante antileukämische Wirkung.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐13 NMR SPECTRA OF SOME METHYL‐SUBSTITUTED ADAMANTANONES
Authors: FARCASIU D. , MARINO G. , ROSE K. D.
Published: May 2016

Die NMR‐ Dalen der zÜH. in ihrer Herstellung beschriebenen Methylaciamuntane (I)‐(III) werden bestinnnt.
ChemInform Abstract: AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF HEXAVINYLBENZENE AND ITS SOLID STATE STRUCTURE
Authors: KRUEGER C. + , YALPANI M.
Published: May 2016

Die ‐ Dehydrohalogenierung der Hexabromverbindrang (I) führt zu der Titelverbindung (II), von der im festen Zustand eine Photopolymerisation durchgeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ONE‐STEP SYNTHESIS OF KETONES FROM CARBOXYLIC ACIDS AND GRIGNARD REAGENTS IN THE PRESENCE OF A NICKEL(II)‐PHOSPHINE CATALYST
Authors: FIANDANESE V. , MARCHESE G. , RONZINI L.
Published: May 2016

In Gegenwart des Ni‐Komplexes (III) führt die Reaktion zwischen den Carbonsäuren (I) und den Grignarilverlvindungen (II) fast ausschließlich zu den Ketonen (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC METHODS AND REACTIONS. 113. REACTIONS OF NITRO‐ AND NITROSOALKANES WITH IODOTRIMETHYLSILANE
Authors: OLAH G. A. , NARANG S. C. , FIELD L. D. , FUNG A. P.
Published: May 2016

Das tert.‐Nitroalkan (I) reagiert mit Trimethyliodsilan (II) zum tert.‐Butyliodid (III).
ChemInform Abstract: METHOD FOR THE CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION OF 1,1‐DIPHENYL‐2,2,2‐TRICHLOROETHANE
Authors: GUBICZA L. , SZOTYORY L. , UJHIDY A.
Published: May 2016

Triehlorueetaldehyd (I) kondensiert mit Benzol (II) in Gegenwart von 9h Steiger Schwefelsäure zum Diphenyl‐trichloretlizui (III), das ein Zwischenprodukt für Pflanzensehutzmittel auf Basis Diphenylessigsiitireamid darstellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3A,8A‐DIHYDROCYCLOPENT(A)INDEN‐3(8H)‐ONE
Authors: SUGIHARA Y. , SUGIMURA T. , MURATA I.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindung (VI) wird ausgehend von dem Dichlorketon (I) über eine bekannte Ringerweiterung zu dem Cyclopentanon (III).
ChemInform Abstract: VERSATILE SYNTHESIS OF 2,3‐DISUBSTITUTED FURANS
Authors: GLOMBIK H. , TOCHTERMANN W.
Published: May 2016

Diisobutylaluminiumhydridreduktion des leicht zugänglichen Furopyrons (IIa) zu dem Furan (Ia) und die im Formelschema angegebenen Folgereaktionen erlauben die Darstellung der Titel‐ Furanderivate (lb)‐(lg).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN ANTIFERTILITY AGENTS. PART XXXIX. SYNTHESIS OF PYRROLIDINOETHYL ETHERS OF TRIPHENYLCYCLOHEXENES
Authors: PRASAD M. , RASTOGI S. N.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Cyelohexenonen (I) werden über die ("yelohexanone (IIu) und (IIb) die (Tyclohexanole (III) hergestellt, aus denen die ("yelohexene (IV) erhalten werden.
ChemInform Abstract: (PERHALOMETHYLTHIO) HETEROCYCLES. XIV. PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES OF N‐SUBSTITUTED TETRAKIS(TRIFLUOROMETHYLTHIO)PYRROLES
Authors: CEACAREANU D. M. , GERSTENBERGER M. R. C. , HAAS A.
Published: May 2016

Das Pyrrol (I) läßt sich mit entsprechenden Basen bzw. Lewis‐Basen in die Salze (II) überführen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYM‐TETRACYANOETHANE IN THE SYNTHESIS OF HETEROCYCLES. 3. SYNTHESIS OF 1‐ALKYL(ARYL)‐2‐AMINO‐3,4,4‐TRICYANO‐4,5‐DIHYDROPYRROLES BY THE REACTION OF SYM‐TETRACYANOETHANE WITH AZOMETHINES
Authors: NASAKIN O. E. , ALEKSEEV V. V. , TERENT'EV P. B. , BULAI A. KH. , ZABLOTSKAYA M. YU.
Published: May 2016

Das Ietracyunoethan (I) reagiert mit Azomethinen (II) unter Bildung von 2‐Amino‐Irieyario‐LIiliydropyrrtilen (III I. die beim Erhitzen in I)iniethylformzimid leicht ein Mol Cyanwzisserstoff unter Bildung von 2‐Amino‐3,4‐dicyuiio‐pyrroleii (IV) verlieren.
ChemInform Abstract: DIFUNCTIONALIZED TRANS‐2,5‐DISUBSTITUTED PYRROLIDINE (AZETHOXYL) NITROXIDE SPIN‐LABELS
Authors: KEANA J. F. W. , SEYEDREZAI S. E. , GAUGHAN G.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Nitron (I) erhält man mit den Grignartlverbindungen (II) die Kondensationsprodukte (III) bzw. (IV), die weiter zu Aldehyd‐Derivuten (V) oxidiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: EFFECT OF TOSYL PROTECTION ON THE DIRECTION OF 2‐AMINOINDOLE ACYLATION
Authors: MEN'SHIKOV V. V. , SAGITULLIN R. S.
Published: May 2016

Die Acetylierung des 2‐Tosylaminoindols (I) mit Acetanhydrid oder Acetylchlorid in Pyridin liefert unter Hetarylierung die Verbindung (II).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 9‐ARYL‐9‐AZA‐2,8‐DIOXO‐4,5‐BENZOBICYCLO(4.3.0)NONANES, A NEW HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEM
Authors: GHOSH M. , KAR G. K. , RAY J. K. , CHATTERJEE B. G.
Published: May 2016

Umsetzung der Anilinontalonester (I) mit Zimtsiiurechlorid (II) führt Zu den Pyrrolidonetr (lHa).
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHESIS OF SUBSTITUTED 1,3‐DITHIOL‐2‐THIONES
Authors: AUGUSTIN M. , DOELLING W. + , VOGT A.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung der Dithiound Trithiokohlensäurederivate (I) mit (′S2 führt über die Dithiolate (III) nach Methylierung zu den Titelverbindungen (V).
ChemInform Abstract: THE PREPARATION OF FIVE METABOLITES OF FEPRAZONE. STEREOSELECTIVE WITTIG SYNTHESIS OF NEW HEMITERPENOID SYNTHONS
Authors: CEREDA E. , BELLORA E. , GALLAZZI A. , DONETTI A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion von Hydroxyazobenzol (I) mit Methoxy‐ethoxy‐methy′lehlorid (II) und folgende Reduktion erhält man das Hydra‐ zobenzol (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION OF α‐(1‐METHYLBENZIMIDAZOL‐2‐YL)BENZYL ESTERS OF BENZOIC ACIDS DURING THE COMBINED ACTION OF AROMATIC ALDEHYDES AND ACYL HALIDES ON 1‐METHYLBENZIMIDAZOLE
Authors: KHRISTICH B. I. , SIMONOV A. M. , ROSLYAKOVA O. I.
Published: May 2016

1‐Methylbenzimidazol (I) reagiert in Gegenwart von aromatischen Aldehyden (II) mit Acylchloriden (III) nicht unter N‐Acylierung, sondern unter Bildung von Benzimidazolylbenzylestern (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND CHEMISTRY OF 2‐(ARYLTHIO)OXAZOLINES
Authors: CHENARD B. L.
Published: May 2016

ThiophenyIchlorkohlensäureester (Ia) liefert ein ThioIo‐urethan (Ib), das zu (II) cyclisiert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF 1,2‐BENZISOXAZOLES FROM SALICYLALDOXIMES VIA TRICHLOROACETYL ISOCYANATE
Authors: STOKKER G.
Published: May 2016

Sulicyluldoximc (I) und Irichlorucctylisocyanut (II) ergeben die I Q‐Bcnzisoxazolc (III), ebenso werden) aus den Oximcn (IV) Gemische isomerer Bcnzisoxu‐ Q0 zulc (V) und Benzoxaznle (VI) erhalten.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCYCLIZATION OF 2,6‐DICHLOROCINNAMIC ACID DERIVATIVES TO 5‐CHLOROCOUMARIN
Authors: ARAD‐YELLIN R. , GREEN B. S. , MUSZKAT K. A.
Published: May 2016

Aus den 2,fm‐Dichlor‐zimtsäureestern (I) erhält man bei der Bestrahlung über die cis‐Form (II) das S‐Chlor‐cumarin (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLIC SATURATED SULFONES BY THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF UNSATURATED COMPOUNDS
Authors: KHARCHENKO V. G. , PLOTNIKOV A. M. , SHEBALDOVA A. D.
Published: May 2016

Die Hydrierung der ungesättigten cyclischen Sulfone (I) über Palludiumkuhle liefert die entsprechenden gesättigten Verbindungen (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some New 1‐Aryl‐2‐S‐methyl‐5‐(2‐pyridyl/‐2‐furfuryl)isodithiobiurets.
Authors: SHRIDHAR D. R. , GHANDHI S. S. , RAO K. S. , RASTOGI K.
Published: May 2016

Die Isothioharnstoffe (I) werden mit den Isothiocyanaten (II) zu den Isodithiobiureten (III) umgesetzt, die auf anthelminthische, amöbicide und antimikrobielle Wirkung geprüft werden (z.T.
ChemInform Abstract: RING TRANSFORMATIONS IN REACTIONS OF HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS WITH NUCLEOPHILES. PART 26. 1,3‐ AND 1,4‐CYCLO ADDUCTS AS INTERMEDIATES IN THE PYRIMIDINE T PYRIDINE RING TRANSFORMATION OF 5‐NITROPYRIMIDINES B α‐PHENYLACETAMIDINES
Authors: CHARUSHIN V. N. , VAN DER PLAS H. C.
Published: May 2016

S‐Nitro‐pyrimidin (I) reagiert mit Phenylacetamidinen (II) zu den 3‐Nitropyrirlincn (III) über Zwischenstufen und Ringumlagcruxig von 1,3‐ und I ,4‐(′ycloadduktcn.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW DIHYDROQUINOLINES SYNTHESIS VIA TERTIARY AZIDES
Authors: ADAM G. , ANDRIEUX J. , PLAT M. M.
Published: May 2016

Indanon (I) liefert mit Grignard‐ bzw. Organo‐Lithiumverlnindungen die Addukte (II), die bei einer Behandlung, mit Stickstoffwasserstoffsüure/Bortrifluorid über eine Dehydratisierung zu(III) und anschließend in einer SchmidbReuktion bzw. auch direkt in einer Schmidt‐ Reuktion weiter über (IV) zu den hydrierten (fhinolinen (Va) und (Vb) bzw. (‐VI) bzw. (VII) führen.
ChemInform Abstract: DIAZOCARBONYL DERIVATIVES OF HETEROCYCLES. 1. DIAZOACETYL DERIVATIVES OF PYRIDINE AND THEIR ACID TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors: CHAPYSHEV S. V. , KARTSEV V. G. , SIPYAGIN A. M.
Published: May 2016

Aus den o‐MethoxyeurbonyI‐pyriulineurhxinsauren (I) und ( IV′) werden durch Umsetzung mit Tiiionylelilorid und Ihuzomethan die Diuzoueelylderivate (II) und (V) hergestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF NEW 5,6‐BENZOQUINOLINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: VEREZUBOVA A. A. , PTYAGINA L. M. , GERSHUNS A. L. , KOTOVA T. P.
Published: May 2016

Das Azomclhinulcrivat (I) Ics (′Ilinolin‐Luldchyds reagiert mit dem Diaccty′IdipIwnyI‐Inclhun, ‐oxid und ‐sulfid (IIu) ‐ (IIc) unter Kondensation zu Z‐(′Innlolyl‐S,b‐benzochinolincn (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthese von Benzo‐1,4‐dioxan in Gegenwart von Phasentransfer‐Katalysatoren.
Authors: LYUSHIN M. M. , BAKUS P. YA. , BUDZHEMA KH.
Published: May 2016

Die Umsetzung von Brenzcatechin (I) mit 1,2‐Dibromethan (II) und Natronlauge wird in Gegenwart von Phasentransfer‐Katalysaltoren untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: INDOLINE‐2,3‐DIONE‐3,N‐ALKYLAMINO‐ AND 3,N‐PIPERAZINOACETYLHYDRAZONES, NEW SUBSTANCES WITH ANTIULCEROGENIC AND ANTISECRETORY ACTIVITIES
Authors: CATTO A. , CAPPELLETTI R. , LEONARDI A. , MAGGI F. , TAJANA A. , NARDI D.
Published: May 2016

Indolin‐dione (I) reagieren mit Hydraziden (II) zu den Hydrazonen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITY OF SOME SUBSTITUTED 8‐PHENYL‐11‐AZASPIRO(5.6)DODECANES
Authors: BOSE M. , DUTTA D. , PATHAK B. , SAHA J.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem spirocyclischen Oxim (I) wird durchBeckmann‐Umlagerung und zweistufige Reduktion das Amin (IVa) erhalten, das in die Derivate (IVb) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF HOMALINE AND EPI‐HOMALINE
Authors: CROMBIE L. , JONES R. C. F. , MAT‐ZIN A. R. , OSBORNE S.
Published: May 2016

Auf dem im Fnrmelschema beschriebenen Weg erhält man das Lactam (V), dessen Alkylierung zu einem Gennsch (VI) aus Homalin und epi‐Homalin führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF CYCLOBUTANO CROWN ETHERS BY INTRAMOLECULAR PHOTOCYCLOADDITION
Authors: MIZUNO K. , HASHIZUME T. , OTSUJI Y.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Umetherung erhaltenen Divinylether (III) ergeben bei der Photolyse Gennsehe der cis‐ (IV) und trans‐Cyelobutanokronenether (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIO‐ AND STEREOSELECTIVE REACTION OF 1,3‐DISUBSTITUTED ALLYL ANIONS WITH ALDEHYDES VIA η3‐ALLYLTITANIUM COMPOUNDS
Authors: SATO F. , UCHIYAMA H. , IIDA K. , KOBAYASHI Y. , SATO M.
Published: May 2016

Die aus den Allylverbindungen l l) in situ erzeugten Komplexe (II) reagieren mit Propionaldehyd in regiospezitiseher Weise zu den ungesättigten Alkoholen (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLE‐ELECTRON OXIDATION OF DIAZASILACYCLOPENTENES
Authors: GRAALMANN O. , HESSE M. , KLINGEBIEL U. , CLEGG W. , HAASE M. , SHELDRICK G. M.
Published: May 2016

Einelektronenoxidalion der Diazasilapentene (I) führt zu den Radikalkation‐Salzen III ).
ChemInform Abstract: ACYCLIC AND CYCLIC NHSIF SYSTEMS ‐ STEPWISE CONDENSATION OF (FLUOROSILYL)AMINES
Authors: KLINGEBIEL U. , VATER N.
Published: May 2016

SiF‐Systeme ‐ stufenweise Kondensation von (Fluorsilyl)aminen.
ChemInform Abstract: THE REACTIONS OF ETHOXY RADICALS WITH OPTICALLY ACTIVE TERTIARY PHOSPHINES. STEREOCHEMISTRY OF THE SUBSTITUTION PROCESS AND THE QUESTION OF PERMUTATION MODES FOR THE POSSIBLE PHOSPHORANYL RADICAL INTERMEDIATES
Authors: BENTRUDE W. G. , MORIYAMA M. , MUELLER H.‐D. , SOPCHIK A. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion der optisch‐akti‐ ven Phosphine (‐)‐(S)‐(I) und (+)‐(S)‐(V) mit EtO‐ liefert die Substitutionsprodukte (S)‐(III) bzw. (R)‐(VI) , die als Oxide (‐)‐(S)‐(IV) und (R)‐(VII) charakterisiert werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REACTIONS OF THE (1‐CYCLOBUTENYL)TRIPHENYLPHOSPHONIUM SALT
Authors: MINAMI T. , SAKO H. , IKEHIRA T. , HANAMOTO T. , HIRAO I.
Published: May 2016

Das Ylid (I) liefert über (III) das CyclobutenyI‐phosphonium‐perehlorat (V), mit dem Folgereaktionen durchgeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND REARRANGEMENTS OF 2‐VINYLPHOSPHIRANES
Authors: RICHTER W. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Organodichlorophosphine (I) reagieren mit Mg‐Butadien unter Bildung der Vinylphosphorane (ll).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐ALKOXY‐3‐HYDROXY‐1,2‐OXAPHOSPHOLANE 2‐OXIDES (α‐HYDROXYPHOSTONES)
Authors: PILGRAM K. H. , GALE L. H. , POLLARD G. E.
Published: May 2016

Die Cyclokondensationsreaktionen zwischen den β‐Hydroxyketonen (I) und den Dialkylphosphiten (II) katalysiert durch entsprechende Na‐alkoxide führt unter exothermem Verlauf zu den H‐verbrückten Dimeren (III) der Titelverbindungen.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOSPHAALKENES AS ENE COMPONENTS IN (4 + 2)‐CYCLOADDITIONS
Authors: APPEL R. , ZIMMERMANN R.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Phosphaalkenen (I) bzw. (IV) erhält man mit Dimethylbutatlien (II) die entsprechenden Cycloaddukte (III) bzw. (V).
ChemInform Abstract: REGIOSELECTIVE METALATION OF AROMATIC COMPOUNDS. II. SECOND METALATION AND 1‐LITHIONAPTHALENE AND 9‐LITHIOANTHRACENE.
Authors: NEUGEBAUER W. , CLARK T. , SCHLEYER P. VON R.
Published: May 2016

Die wie aufgezeichnet dargestellten Monolithium‐ Derivate (II) und (VI) werden durch n‐Butyl‐Li in Gegenwart von Tetramethylethylendiamin spezifisch zu den Dilithio‐Derivaten (III) bzw. (VII) metalliert, wobei das zweite Li‐Atom an der benachbarten peri‐Position eingeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: ALLYLSTANNATION AS A ROUTE TO 4‐HALO‐2,6‐DISUBSTITUTED TETRAHYDROPYRANS (‐CH(X)CH2CH(C2H5)OCH(C2H5)CH2‐) (X = CL, BR)
Authors: BOARETTO A. , MARTON D. , TAGLIAVINI G. , GAMBARO A.
Published: May 2016

Die Titelverbindungen (III) werden durch l:2‐molare Umsetzung des Allylstannans (I) mit dem Aldehyd (II) in Gegenwart von Sn‐tetrahalogenid und anschließende llydrolyse synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOPHANES. PART 20. NEW LINK BETWEEN CYCLOPHANE AND FERROCENE CHEMISTRY
Authors: EL‐TAMANY S. , RAULFS F.‐W. , HOPF H.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend vom Paracyclophan‐aldehyd (I) werden auf den im Formelschema angegebenen Wegen die mehrlagigen Systeme (III) und (V) aufgebaut.
ChemInform Abstract: MECHANISMS OF THE PHOTOREACTIONS OF CP2FE2(CO)4 WITH PHOSPHINES AND CHLOROCARBONS
Authors: TYLER D. R. , SCHMIDT M. A. , GRAY H. B.
Published: May 2016

Die Bestrahlung ( 500 nm) des Dimeren (I) in Gegenwart von Phosphinen oder Phosphiten liefert als einziges Produkt den Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: CHEMISTRY OF MULTISITE‐BOUND LIGANDS. ADDITION OF AMINES TO .mu±eta.2‐ACETYLIDES: DIPOLAR, ELECTRON‐RICH .mu±eta.1‐ AND .mu±eta.2‐ALKYLIDENE AND .mu±eta.1‐VINYLIDENE DIIRON HEXACARBONYL COMPLEXES
Authors: MOTT G. N. , CARTY A. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktionen der u‐nz‐Acetylid‐Komplexe (I) mit prim., sek. und tert. Aminen werden untersucht und im Hinblick auf elektronische und sterische Einflüsse der Acetylid‐Substituenten R′ und der Aminreste diskutiert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, AND REACTIVITY OF MONOMERIC TWO‐COORDINATE COPPER(I) COMPLEXES
Authors: SORRELL T. N. , JAMESON D. L.
Published: May 2016

Die Reaktion des (′Lt‐Komplexes (I) mit einer Reihe von N‐Heteroeyelen liefert die zweifachkoordinierten (′uih‐Komplext′ (ll ).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS, STRUCTURE, ABSOLUTE CONFIGURATION, AND MAGNETIC STUDIES OF SOME COPPER(II) COMPLEXES OF CHIRAL BIDENTATE AND TRIDENTATE FLUORINATED AMINOALKOXY LIGANDS
Authors: LOEB S. J. , RICHARDSON J. F. , WILLIS C. J.
Published: May 2016

Die Templatkondensation des 4‐Hydroxypentanons (I) mit den prim. Aminen (II) in Gegenwart von Cu(ll) führt zu den CuUll‐Komplexen (III) zweizähniger lminoalkoxy‐ Liganden.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, IDENTIFICATION, AND REACTIVITY OF NEW ORGANOGOLD(I) HALIDE ANION COMPLEXES
Authors: ABU‐SALAH O. M. , AL‐OHALY A. R.
Published: May 2016

Die stabilen Ammoniumsalze (II) der Titelkomplexanionen werden durch Reaktion von Au‐phenylacetylid (I) mit Halogenid‐Ionen gebildet und durch IR‐spektroskopische Untersuchungen, Elementaranalysen und Molgewichtsbestimmungen als monomere 1:1‐Elektrolyte charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: INHIBITION OF THERMAL ELECTRON TRANSFERS BY THE SATURATED BRIDGING LIGAND IN (μ‐1,4‐DICYANOBICYCLO(2.2.2)OCTANE)(PENTAAMMINERUTHENIUM(II)AQUATETRAAMMINEC# OBALT(III)
Authors: ANDERES B. , LAVALLEE D. K.
Published: May 2016

Die UV‐spektroskopische und cycIisch‐voltammetrische Untersuchung des wie aufgezeigt synthetisierten, bimetallischen Titelkomplexes (VII) zeigt, da15 obwohl der Komplex reduzierende und oxidierende Zentren besitzt eine Elektronenüberlragtmg 156 über die Brücke nicht stattfindet.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PHYTONE THROUGH MELDRUM′S ACID
Authors: RANGAISHENVI M. V. , KAMATH S. V. , PHADKE A. S. , KULKARNI S. N.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Säurecitlorid (I) wird mit Hilfe von Meldrumsäure der β‐Ketoester (III) hergestellt, der durch Alkylierung mit (IV), Verseifen und Decarboxylieren in das Keton (Va) übergeführt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: AMINO ACIDS AND PEPTIDES. XXXXII. SYNTHESIS OF CHLAMYDOCIN AND EPICHLAMYDOCIN
Authors: SCHMIDT U. , BEUTTLER T. , LIEBERKNECHT A. , GRIESSER H.
Published: May 2016

[)as Vinylketon (I) addiert H(′l zu einem Chlorethylderivan das direkt in das Ketal (IIa) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: APPLICATIONS OF RADICAL ADDITION REACTIONS TO THE SYNTHESIS OF A C‐GLUCOSIDE AND A FUNCTIONALIZED AMINO ACID
Authors: ADLINGTON R. M. , BALDWIN J. E. , BASAK A. , KOZYROD R. P.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Selenoglucosid (I) und Acrylsäuremethylester (II) erhält man das (′Glucosid (III) sowie die Verbindung (IV).
ChemInform Abstract: HYPOGLYCEMIC COMPOUNDS. SULFANILYLUREA DERIVATIVES CONTAINING AMINO ACIDS AND DIPEPTIDES. I
Authors: VICENTINI C. B. , GUARNERI M. , SARTO G.
Published: May 2016

Acetylsulfanilamid (I) reagiert mit Cyelohexylisoeyanat (II) zum Harnstoff (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF SOME NEW 2‐(AMINOACYL‐ AND DIPEPTIDYL‐)AMINOPYRAZINE DERIVATIVES
Authors: EL‐NAGGAR A. M. , ABD EL‐SALAM A. M. , AHMED F. S. M. , LATIF M. S. , EL‐CADY F. A.
Published: May 2016

Aminopyrazin (I) reagiert mit N‐geschützten Aminosäuren (H) in Gegenwart von Dicyclohexylearbodiimid (DCC) zu den Amiden (IIIa) bzw. (IIIb), von denen die Phthalylderivate (IIIa) mit Hydrazin in die freien Amine (IV) übergeführt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF SOME 2‐ AND 4‐METHOXYACETYLAMINOBENZENESULFONYL AMINO ACID DERIVATIVES AND THEIR ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY
Authors: EL‐NAGGAR A. M. , EL‐HADDAD A. F. , EL‐GHAFFAR S. A. , EL SAYED R. A.
Published: May 2016

Durch Reaktion der Stilfonsiiurechloride (I) mit Z‐Aminopyridin, den isomeren Anisidinen und Aminosäuren erhält man die Sulfonsäure‐arnide (II)‐(IV).
ChemInform Abstract: APPROACH TO THE PSEUDODISACCHARIDES PRESENT IN (OXY)APRAMYCIN. SYNTHESIS OF A 4‐O‐AMINOOCTODIOSYL‐2‐DEOXYSTREPTAMINE FROM PAROMAMINE
Authors: MARTIN O. R. , SZAREK W. A.
Published: May 2016

Ausgehend von Paromamin (Ia) werden über die Derivate (Ib)‐(Id) die Verbindungen (le) und (II) dargestellt, von denen (II) über (III) und (V) zu der im Titel genannten Verbindung (VII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESIS. 19. STEREOCONTROLLED GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF PYRIMIDINE C‐NUCLEOSIDES HAVING BRANCHED‐CHAIN SUGAR MOIETIES
Authors: SATO T. , WATANABE M. , KOBAYASHI H. , NOYORI R.
Published: May 2016

Durch Umsetzung der aus den bekannten Lactonen (l l erhältlichen Derivate (III) mit Harnstoff.
ChemInform Abstract: C‐NUCLEOSIDE SYNTHESIS. 20. GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF HOMO‐C‐NUCLEOSIDES
Authors: SATO T. , NOYORI R.
Published: May 2016

Der aus dem Ester (Ia) über die Stufen (lb)‐(ld) erhältliche Homoester (le) wird zum Enolether (IIa) umgesetzt, dessen Reaktion mit Harnstoff, Thioharnstoff bzw. Guanidin (III) nach anschließender Hydrolyse zu Homopseudouridin (IVa) bzw. den Analogen (IVb), (IVc) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: A NEW METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF N‐(NUCLEOSIDYL)‐α‐AMINO ACIDS USING TRIOCTYLMETHYLAMMONIUM SALTS OF α‐AMINO ACIDS
Authors: SCHROEDER F. R. + , CRAMER F.
Published: May 2016

Adenosin (Ia) wird in das 8‐Brom‐adenosin (Ib) übergeführt und dieses mit dem Trioctylmethyl‐ammonium‐ Salz des GIyCIIIS (II), dessen Herstellung beschrieben ist, in hoher Ausbeute zu (III) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE USE OF THE P‐NITROPHENYLETHOXYCARBONYL GROUP FOR AMINO PROTECTION IN CYTIDINE AND ADENOSINE CHEMISTRY
Authors: HIMMELSBACH F. , PFLEIDERER W.
Published: May 2016

Aus dem Desoxycytidin (Ia) bzw. Cytidin (Ib) erhält man mit dem Benzotriazol‐carbonsäure‐p‐nitrophenylethyl‐ester (H) die Substitutionsprodukte (III).
ChemInform Abstract: THE NORBORNADIENE ROUTE TO PROSTAGLANDIN I2 AND OTHER PROSTAGLANDINS. PREPARATION AND REARRANGEMENT OF 7‐SUBSTITUTED NORBORNADIENES
Authors: BAXTER A. D. , ROBERTS S. M. , SCHEINMANN F. , WAKEFIELD J. , NEWTON R. F.
Published: May 2016

Das tert.‐Butoxy‐norbomadien (II) reagiert über das entsprechende Chlorid mit (I) zum Acetylenderivat (III), das über (IV) zum Aldehyd (V) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: THE STRUCTURES OF DIAZAQUINOMYCINS A AND B, NEW ANTIBIOTIC METABOLITES
Authors: OMURA S. , NAKAGAWA A. , AOYAMA H. , HINOTOZAWA K. , SANO H.
Published: May 2016

Die Strukturen der antibiotisch wirksamen Inhaltsstoffe Diazachinomycin A und Baus Streptomyces sp.
ChemInform Abstract: AN EFFICIENT SYNTHETIC ROUTE TO (.+‐.)‐NANAOMYCIN A
Authors: KOMETANI T. , TAKEUCHI Y. , YOSHII E.
Published: May 2016

1‐Naphthol (Ia) liefert nach Veretherung (Ib), das zu den Estern (II) gespalten und anschließend mit Wasserstoffperoxid zu (III) oxidiert und umgelagert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF ACYLPOLYAMINES: ACETYLSPERMIDINES AND C12:0 ACARNIDINE
Authors: BOUKOUVALAS J. , GOLDING B. T. , MCCABE R. W. , SLAICH P. K.
Published: May 2016

Aus den Aldehyden (I), deren Herstellung angegeben ist, werden mit den entsprechenden Aminen die Schiff‐Basen (II) hergestellt, die in die Acetylspermidine (IV) bzw. das Aearnidin (IVb) übergeführt werden.
Sortase A‐mediated site‐specific labeling of camelid single‐domain antibody‐fragments: a versatile strategy for multiple molecular imaging modalities
Authors: Massa Sam , Vikani Niravkumar , Betti Cecilia , Ballet Steven , Vanderhaegen Saskia , Steyaert Jan , Descamps Benedicte , Vanhove Christian , Bunschoten Anton , van Leeuwen Fijs W. B. , Hernot Sophie , Caveliers Vicky , Lahoutte Tony , Muyldermans Serge , Xavier Catarina , Devoogdt Nick
Published: May 2016

A generic site‐specific conjugation method that generates a homogeneous product is of utmost importance in tracer development for molecular imaging and therapy. We explored the protein‐ligation capacity of the enzyme Sortase A to label camelid single‐domain antibody‐fragments, also known as nanobodies. The versatility of the approach was demonstrated by conjugating independently three different imaging probes: the chelating agents CHX‐A"‐DTPA and NOTA for single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) with indium‐111 and positron emission tomography (PET) with gallium‐68, respectively, and the fluorescent dye Cy5 for fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI). After a straightforward purification process, homogeneous single‐conjugated tracer populations were obtained in high yield (30–50%). The enzymatic conjugation did not affect the affinity of the tracers, nor the radiolabeling efficiency or spectral characteristics. In vivo, the tracers enabled the visualization of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressing BT474M1‐tumors with high contrast and specificity as soon as 1 h post injection in all three imaging modalities. These data demonstrate Sortase A‐mediated conjugation as a valuable strategy for the development of site‐specifically labeled camelid single‐domain antibody‐fragments for use in multiple molecular imaging modalities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biodegradable Polysaccharides for Controlled Drug Delivery
Authors: Pushpamalar Janarthanan , Veeramachineni Anand Kumar , Owh Cally , Loh Xian Jun
Published: May 2016

Polysaccharides are ideal candidates for drug delivery and biomedical applications as they are easily obtained from natural sources. Furthermore, they can be subjected to a wide range of chemical and enzymatic reactions, they have biocompatible and biodegradable properties and have inherently low immunogenicity. Polysaccharides are potentially the materials of choice for the development of “smart” delivery systems, which are capable of releasing, at the appropriate time and site of action, an encapsulated drug. This Review examines various aspects of the crosslinking of polysaccharides, either for a single polysaccharide or mixtures, and also natural–synthetic hybrids. The Review focuses on the strategies for using these biodegradable polymers for controlled drug delivery, and examines in particular polysaccharide–drug conjugates, the encapsulation of drugs in hydrogels and aerogels, and the self‐assembly of polysaccharide drug‐loaded nanoparticles.
A 1.2 V 83 dB DR single‐ended input SC ΔΣ modulator including a large‐swing analog buffer for portable ECG applications
Authors: Duan Quanzhen , Jung Youngjae , Choi Danbi , Roh Jeongjin , Kim Jongpal
Published: May 2016

This study proposes a subsystem consisting of an analog buffer and a single‐ended input to a fully differential ΔΣ modulator to obtain low‐power consumption for portable electrocardiogram applications. With the proposed subsystem, the need for an inverting amplifier is avoided, and low‐power consumption is achieved. The ΔΣ modulator with a second order, 1 bit, and cascade of integrators feedforward structure consumes a low power, in which an inverting and a non‐inverting path implement a single‐ended input to fully‐differential signals. A double sampling technique is proposed for a digital‐to‐analog converter feedback circuit to reduce the effect of the reference voltage, reduce the amplifier requirements, and obtain low‐power consumption. Input‐bias and output‐bias transistors working in the weak‐inversion region are implemented to obtain an extremely large swing for the analog buffer. At a supply voltage of 1.2 V, signal bandwidth of 250 Hz, and sampling frequency of 128 kHz, the measurement results show that the modulator with a buffer achieves a 77 dB peak signal‐to‐noise‐distortion ratio, an effective‐number‐of‐bits of 12.5 bits, an 83 dB dynamic range, and a figure‐of‐merit of 156 dB. The total chip size is approximately 0.28 mm2 with a standard 0.13 µm Complementary Metal‐Oxide‐Silicon (CMOS) process. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The demographic consequences of growing older and bigger in oyster populations
Authors: Moore Jacob L. , Lipcius Romuald N. , Puckett Brandon , Schreiber Sebastian J.
Published: May 2016

Structured population models, particularly size‐ or age‐structured, have a long history of informing conservation and natural resource management. While size is often easier to measure than age and is the focus of many management strategies, age‐structure can have important effects on population dynamics that are not captured in size‐only models. However, relatively few studies have included the simultaneous effects of both age‐ and size‐structure. To better understand how population structure, particularly that of age and size, impacts restoration and management decisions, we developed and compared a size‐structured integral projection model (IPM) and an age‐ and size‐structured IPM, using a population of Crassostrea gigas oysters in the northeastern Pacific Ocean. We analyzed sensitivity of model results across values of local retention that give populations decreasing in size to populations increasing in size. We found that age‐ and size‐structured models yielded the best fit to the demographic data and provided more reliable results about long‐term demography. Elasticity analysis showed that population growth rate was most sensitive to changes in the survival of both large (>175 mm shell length) and small (<75 mm shell length) oysters, indicating that a maximum size limit, in addition to a minimum size limit, could be an effective strategy for maintaining a sustainable population. In contrast, the purely size‐structured model did not detect the importance of large individuals. Finally, patterns in stable age and stable size distributions differed between populations decreasing in size due to limited local retention and populations increasing in size due to high local retention. These patterns can be used to determine population status and restoration success. The methodology described here provides general insight into the necessity of including both age‐ and size‐structure into modeling frameworks when using population models to inform restoration and management decisions.
Threshold effects of habitat fragmentation on fish diversity at landscapes scales
Authors: Yeager Lauren A. , Keller Danielle A. , Burns Taylor R. , Pool Alexia S. , Fodrie F. Joel
Published: May 2016

Habitat fragmentation involves habitat loss concomitant with changes in spatial configuration, confounding mechanistic drivers of biodiversity change associated with habitat disturbance. Studies attempting to isolate the effects of altered habitat configuration on associated communities have reported variable results. This variability may be explained in part by the fragmentation threshold hypothesis, which predicts that the effects of habitat configuration may only manifest at low levels of remnant habitat area. To separate the effects of habitat area and configuration on biodiversity, we surveyed fish communities in seagrass landscapes spanning a range of total seagrass area (2–74% cover within 16 000‐m2 landscapes) and spatial configurations (1–75 discrete patches). We also measured variation in fine‐scale seagrass variables, which are known to affect faunal community composition and may covary with landscape‐scale features. We found that species richness decreased and the community structure shifted with increasing patch number within the landscape, but only when seagrass area was low (<25% cover). This pattern was driven by an absence of epibenthic species in low‐seagrass‐area, highly patchy landscapes. Additional tests corroborated that low movement rates among patches may underlie loss of vulnerable taxa. Fine‐scale seagrass biomass was generally unimportant in predicting fish community composition. As such, we present empirical support for the fragmentation threshold hypothesis and we suggest that poor matrix quality and low dispersal ability for sensitive taxa in our system may explain why our results support the hypothesis, while previous empirical work has largely failed to match predictions.
Planting and Irrigation Methods for Cotton in Southern Xinjiang, China
Authors: Zhong Ruisen , Tian Fuqiang , Yang Pengnian , Yi Qiuxiang
Published: May 2016

In order to provide a scientific technology reference for cotton planting and management in southern Xinjiang that is based on practical investigations and existing achievements, cotton planting and irrigation methods were divided into four groups. In addition, the applications of these methods are discussed. The four types of cotton‐planting methods are as follows: (i) one film + no pipes + four rows; (ii) one film + single pipe + four rows; (iii) one film + double pipes + four rows; and (iv) double films + double pipes + four rows. The four types of cotton field irrigation methods are as follows: (i) winter irrigation (spring irrigation) + routine flooding irrigation; (ii) winter irrigation (spring irrigation) + drip irrigation under mulch; (iii) seeding after drip irrigation + drip irrigation under mulch; and (iv) dry seeding before drip irrigation + drip irrigation under mulch. The planting and irrigation methods for cotton supplement each other and are coupled based on local climate, soil, surface water and groundwater conditions. In addition, the most scientifically reasonable, cost‐effective, water‐saving and productive methods must be selected. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Association Between Trabecular Bone Score and Lumbar Spine Volumetric BMD Is Attenuated Among Older Men With High Body Mass Index
Authors: Langsetmo Lisa , Vo Tien N , Ensrud Kristine E , Taylor Brent C , Cawthon Peggy M , Schwartz Ann V , Bauer Douglas C , Orwoll Eric S , Lane Nancy E , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Schousboe John T ,   for the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) Research Group
Published: May 2016

Trabecular bone score (TBS) has been proposed as a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) derived measure of underlying quality of trabecular bone; however, TBS is not considered valid for those with body mass index (BMI) >37 kg/m2. Our objective was to determine the association between TBS and lumbar spine (trabecular) volumetric BMD (LS-VBMD) and to examine whether the association varied by BMI and body composition among older men below this clinical threshold. We used regression models to study 3479 men age ≥65 years enrolled in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) study who had TBS from spine DXA scans, LS-VBMD from central quantitative computed tomography, measures of trunk fat and lean mass from DXA, and BMI <37 kg/m2. TBS was categorized as normal (n = 925), partially degraded (n = 1747), and degraded (n = 807). TBS was inversely related to BMI, trunk fat mass, and trunk lean mass (all p < 0.001). The relationship between TBS and LS-VBMD was nonlinear with magnitude of effect (slope of regression line using standardized variables) ranging from 0.07 (95% CI, –0.02 to 0.15) among those with degraded TBS up to 0.71 (95% CI, 0.54 to 0.89) among those with normal TBS. The relationship was still nonlinear after adjusting for age, clinical site, and either BMI, trunk lean mass, or trunk fat mass. The magnitude of effect relating TBS and LS-VBMD also decreased with increasing BMI (interaction, p = 0.090) and increasing trunk lean mass (interaction, p = 0.001), but not with increasing trunk fat mass (interaction, p = 0.224). In summary, the strength of the association between TBS and LS-VBMD among older men was variable and dependent on BMI and body composition, particularly trunk lean mass. The clinical utility of TBS among older men may be somewhat limited among men with high BMI or high trunk lean mass. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Chloranil as an Efficient Oxidant of the Cyclohexadiene Intermediates Formed by a Cycloaddition of Substituted 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones and Styrenes En Route to the Boscalid Derivatives
Authors: Suljagić Jasmin , Juranovič Amadej , Krivec Marko , Kranjc Krištof , Kočevar Marijan
Published: May 2016

We describe a three‐step one‐pot metal‐free domino procedure yielding a set of boscalid derivatives, parent compound being a highly important agrochemical agent. The first step of the process consists of the Diels–Alder reaction between a substituted 2H‐pyran‐2‐one and styrene derivatives, followed by the elimination of CO2 and aromatization (oxidation). The last step was found to be efficiently promoted by the application of chloranil as the oxidant. Alternatively, activated carbon Darco KB could also act as the dehydrogenation catalyst necessitating a larger excess of the styrene to act as the hydrogen acceptor.
Antimicrobial Activity of Novel Tetra‐ and Penta‐azaheterocyclic Ring Systems
Authors: Gomha Sobhi M. , Abbas Eman M. H. , Farghaly Thoraya A.
Published: May 2016

A novel series of substituted [1,2,4]triazolo[4′,3′:1,2]pyrimido[4,5‐c]benzo[f]isoquinolin‐14(10H)‐one was synthesized from the reaction of hydrazonoyl chlorides with pyrimidine thione derivative or via oxidative cyclization of 3‐(2‐substituted‐benzylidene‐hydrazinyl)‐7,8‐dihydrobenzo[f]pyrimido[4,5‐c]isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one. Also, some polyhetero‐cyclic ring systems were prepared through the reaction of 2‐dimethylaminomethylene‐3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐naphthalen‐1‐one and heterocyclic amines. The biological activity of some new products was evaluated, and the results obtained revealed that compounds 10e, 13a, and 18 showed excellent activities against the most bacteria and fungi species used.
Role of HEV antigen detection in HEV‐related acute viral hepatitis and acute liver failure
Authors: Mishra Saurabh , Borkakoti Jayanta , Kumar Suresh , Kar Premashis
Published: May 2016

Detection of HEV antigen presents as an interesting low cost, novel, and rapid diagnostic technique to ascertain HEV viremia where facilities for reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) are sparse. This study was undertaken to assess the relative efficacy of HEV antigen detection by ELISA with currently available diagnostic tests in patients of HEV‐related acute viral hepatitis (AVH) and acute liver failure (ALF). This study included 36 ALF and 64 AVH cases. HEV RNA and HEV viral load were determined by RT PCR and real time PCR, respectively. Evidence of recent HEV infection was detected in 45/64 AVH cases and 22/36 ALF cases. IgM anti‐HEV antibody, HEV RNA, and HEV antigen were positive in 34/45 (75.56%), 26/45 (57.77%), and 21/45 (46.66%), in the AVH group, and 16/22 (72.72%), 14/22 (63.63%), 12/22 (54.54%) in ALF group, respectively. The concordance between HEV RNA and HEV antigen was 75.56% (P < 0.01) with κ‐coefficient of 0.516 and 75.27% (P = 0.07) with κ‐coefficient of 0.441 (P = 0.07) in the AVH and ALF patients, respectively, indicating moderate concordance. It was established that HEV antigen detection can be used as a valuable marker of active viremia and a cheaper surrogate to HEV RT PCR, particularly in window period, pregnant and immunocompromised patients, however, it did not correlate with severity of disease or influence the final outcome of illness in any of the study groups. J. Med. Virol 88:2179–2185, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular stress response 1 down‐regulates the expression of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor through inactivation of splicing factor 3A3
Authors: Zuo Ze‐Hua , Yu Yan P. , Martin Amantha , Luo Jian‐Hua
Published: May 2016

Cellular stress response 1 (CSR1) is a tumor suppressor gene that plays an important role in regulating cell death. In this report, we show that the N‐terminus of CSR1 interacts with splicing factor 3A, subunit 3 (SF3A3). The SF3A3 binding motif was identified in the region of amino acids 62–91 of CSR1 through cell‐free binding analyses. The interaction between CSR1 and SF3A3 led to migration of SF3A3 from nucleus to cytoplasm. The cytoplasmic redistribution of SF3A3 significantly reduced the splicing efficiency of epidermal growth factor receptor and platelet‐derived growth factor receptor. Induction of CSR1 or down‐regulation of SF3A3 also significantly reduced the splicing activity of oxytocin reporter gene both in vivo and in vitro. Mutant CSR1 that lacks the SF3A3 binding motif contained no RNA splicing regulatory activity, while the peptide corresponding to the SF3A3 binding motif in CSR1 interfered with the wild‐type CSR1 mediated inhibition of RNA splicing. Interaction of CSR1 and SF3A3 is essential for CSR1 mediated cell death. To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating that RNA splicing is negatively regulated by redistribution of a splicing factor. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
MR phase imaging with bipolar acquisition
Authors: Dagher Joseph , Nael Kambiz
Published: May 2016

We have previously proposed a novel magnetic resonance (MR) phase imaging framework (MAGPI) based on a three‐echo sequence that demonstrated substantial gains in phase signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR). We improve upon the performance of MAGPI by extending the formulation to handle (i) an alternating gradient polarity (bipolar) readout scheme and (ii) an arbitrary number of echoes. We formulate the phase‐imaging problem using maximum‐likelihood (ML) estimation. The acquisition uses an optimized multi‐echo gradient echo (MEGE) sequence. The tissue‐phase estimation algorithm is a voxel‐per‐voxel approach, which requires no reference scans, no phase unwrapping and no spatial denoising. Unlike other methods, our bipolar readout model is general and does not make simplifying assumptions about the even–odd echo phase errors. The results show that (a) our proposed bipolar MAGPI approach improves on the phase SNR gains achieved with monopolar MAGPI and (b) the phase SNR converges with the number of echoes more rapidly with bipolar MAGPI. Importantly, bipolar MAGPI enables phase imaging in severely SNR‐constrained scenarios, where monopolar MAGPI is unable to find solutions. The substantial phase SNR gains achieved with our framework are used here to (a) accelerate acquisitions (full brain 0.89 mm in‐plane resolution in 2 min 30 sec) and (b) enable high‐contrast high‐resolution phase imaging (310 µm in‐plane resolution) at clinical field strengths. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Does Fundraising Professionalization Pay?
Authors: Betzler Diana , Gmür Markus
Published: May 2016

Although fundraising organizations in the third sector have gone through a progressive professionalization process, it remains unclear whether this development has led to any financial benefits. This article focuses on the question of whether or not it pays off for fundraising organizations to invest in professionalization. The data for this study come from 165 organizations representing 45 percent of the Swiss fundraising market. We first propose the term “organizational fundraising capability” as a new construct for measuring the degree of professionalization and rationalization in fundraising management. We then analyze its relationship to overall net revenue from donations as well as the growth of net revenue from donations. Our analysis indicates that, in addition to organizational size measured by total revenue, revenue share from donations, and expansion strategy, fundraising capability makes an important contribution to explaining both an institution's net revenue from fundraising and the level of increase in net donations. The consequences for the development of professionalization and rationalization in fundraising are discussed.
Believing in food addiction: Helpful or counterproductive for eating behavior?
Authors: Ruddock Helen K. , Christiansen Paul , Jones Andrew , Robinson Eric , Field Matt , Hardman Charlotte A.
Published: May 2016

Objective

Obesity is often attributed to an addiction to food, and many people believe themselves to be “food addicts.” However, little is known about how such beliefs may affect dietary control and weight management. The current research examined the impact of experimentally manipulating participants' personal food addiction beliefs on eating behavior.

Methods

In two studies, female participants (study 1: N = 64; study 2: N = 90) completed food‐related computerized tasks and were given bogus feedback on their performance which indicated that they had high, low, or average food addiction tendencies. Food intake was then assessed in an ad libitum taste test. Dietary concern and time taken to complete the taste test were recorded in study 2.

Results

In study 1, participants in the high‐addiction condition consumed fewer calories than those in the low‐addiction condition, F(1,60) = 7.61, P = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.11. Study 2 replicated and extended this finding, showing that the effect of the high‐addiction condition on food intake was mediated by increased dietary concern, which reduced the amount of time participants willingly spent exposed to the foods during the taste test, b = −0.06 (0.03), 95% confidence interval = −0.13 to −0.01.

Conclusions

Believing oneself to be a food addict is associated with short‐term dietary restriction. The longer‐term effects on weight management now warrant attention.
The influence of molecular weight distribution of industrial polystyrene on its melt extensional and ultimate properties
Authors: Shivokhin Maksim E. , Urbanczyk Laetitia , Michel Jacques , Bailly Christian
Published: May 2016

We analyze the linear viscoelastic behavior and the strain‐rate dependence of nonlinear viscoelastic as well as the ultimate extensional properties of industrially relevant linear polystyrene mixtures (PS). The studied materials comprise different miscible binary mixtures of a well entangled matrix and unentangled diluent resulting in bimodal molar mass distribution (MWD). We also analyze the effect of the diluent weight average molar mass (Mw) by comparison with a mixture having broad but monomodal MWD. We show that the dilution effect on linear rheological properties is in agreement with the theoretical value of unity for the dilution exponent. We further show that the processing window, expressed as the ability of the material to withstand a given load without loss of homogeneity during elongation or ultimate loss of cohesion, is affected differently depending on the diluent Mw and concentration. Finally, we conclude that the existence of strain hardening is not sufficient for complete characterization of extension dominated operations. Our results demonstrate that significant enhancement of strain hardening achieved by adding small‐Mw diluents is often accompanied by trade‐off with respect to failure behavior of these mixtures. POLYM. ENG. SCI. 56:1012–1020, 2016. © 2016 Society of Plastics Engineers
International Student Mobility and After‐Study Lives: the Portability and Prospects of Overseas Education in Asia
Authors: Collins Francis L. , Ho Kong Chong , Ishikawa Mayumi , Ma Ai‐Hsuan Sandra
Published: May 2016

Over the last few decades, international student mobility has come to be increasingly viewed in both scholarly and policy discourse as a valorised pathway to personal development, career success, and class reproduction. This framing of international study has been particularly prominent in accounts of mobility to Anglophone universities that have dominated the literature to date. Yet, despite these claims, most research has been undertaken with current students, and hence, the significance of international study has remained speculative and caught up with dominant discourses that tend to valorise this form of mobility. In this paper, we subject these claims to critical examination by analysing the narratives of alumni who have studied overseas in three leading universities in East Asia. We focus, in particular, on the ways in which international student mobility articulates through after‐study lives in terms of the forms of situated learning and cultural capital expressed by alumni, the geographical configurations and circulations that shape the portability of education, and altered sensibility and onward mobilities that are generated through international study. Through this discussion, we demonstrate that international study often does have value in after‐study lives, but that this value is highly situated in the networks and spaces that alumni move through and enact. Our paper then demonstrates that there is nothing automatic about the portability of overseas education, and that there is a need for scholars to examine not only student mobility itself but the way this unfolds into after‐study lives. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Thermodynamics of the oxygen evolution electrocatalysis in a functionalized UiO‐66 metal‐organic frameworks
Authors: Musho Terence , Li Jiangtian , Wu Nianqiang
Published: May 2016

A density functional theory (DFT) approach was used to predict the thermodynamic energy barriers of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for three functionalized Metal‐organic Frameworks (MOFs). A UiO‐66(Zr) MOF design was selected for this study that incorporates three linker designs, a 1,4‐benzenedicarboxylate (BDC), BDC functionalized with an amino group (BDC + NH2), and BDC functionalized with nitro group (BDC + NO2). The study found several key differences between homogeneous planar catalyst thermodynamics and MOF‐based thermodynamics, the most significant being the non‐unique or heterogeneity of reaction sites. Additionally, the functionalization of the MOF was found to significantly influence the hydroperoxyl binding energy, which proves to be the largest hurdle for both oxide and MOF‐based catalyst. Both of these findings provide evidence that many of the limitations precluding planar homogeneous catalysts can be surpassed with a MOF‐based catalyst. The BDC + NH2 proved to be the best performing catalyst with a predicted over‐potential for spontaneous OER evolution to be 3.03eV. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.