bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phylogenomics and systematics of Entomobryoidea (Collembola): marker design, phylogeny and classification
Authors: Godeiro Nerivania Nunes , Ding Yinhuan , Cipola Nikolas Gioia , Jantarit Sopark , Bellini Bruno Cavalcante , Zhang Feng
Published: December 2022

Entomobryoidea has been the focus of phylogenetic studies in recent years owing to a divergence between morphological and genetic data. Recent phylogenies have converged on the sister relationship of Orchesellidae with the remaining Entomobryoidea, and on the non‐monophyly of the traditional Paronellidae and Entomobryidae, but still lack resolution. Known molecular phylogenies of the superfamily differ greatly between mitogenomic and multilocus markers. For this reason, we designed universal single‐copy orthologue (USCO) and ultraconserved element (UCE) marker sets specific for Entomobryoidea, based on 11 genome assemblies. Upon the newly designed 3406 USCOs and 4030 UCEs, we analysed 34 species covering all Entomobryoidea families and major subfamilies. New data for 26 species were mined from whole‐genome sequencing. Phylogenetic inference confirmed the Orchesellidae as an independent family and the Entomobryinae remained the most puzzling taxon gathering scaled and unscaled lineages of both traditional Entomobryidae and Paronellidae. To accommodate Paronellides, Zhuqinia and related genera, Paronellidinae subfam. nov. is proposed within Entomobryidae. The sampled representatives of Paronellinae were recovered as the sister group of (Seirinae+Lepidocyrtinae), suggesting that reduction on the dorsal macrochaetotaxy and trunk sensillar pattern may have occurred independently within the Lepidocyrtinae and Paronellinae or represent their symplesiomorphy posteriorly modified in the Seirinae. The current systematics of the superfamily are revised here, with Entomobryidae now comprising six subfamilies, including all taxa with smooth dens. Our data also point out that all the main events of cladogenesis of the families and subfamilies of Entomobryoidea occurred during the Jurassic. Our genome‐scale phylogenomics provides a complete, reliable example for systematics of Entomobryoidea, as well as other invertebrates in the big data era.
A sustainable ecosystem: building a learning community to facilitate transdisciplinary collaboration in packaging development
Authors: Mulder‐Nijkamp Maaike , de Koeijer Bjorn
Published: December 2022

Sustainability‐related developments become a differentiating factor in development processes. An area with a strong focus on sustainability‐related issues is packaging. In current packaging development processes, stakeholders focus on solving sustainability issues within their own boundaries. However, the complexities surrounding circular packaging can only be overcome by transdisciplinary collaboration. ‘Traditional’ collaboration shows to be incapable of overcoming packaging‐specific complexities. Therefore, we launch Packalicious, a research initiative aiming to establish transdisciplinary innovation as a collaborative learning ecosystem.

In the initial research phase, a core stakeholder group developed the framework in which Packalicious operates. In the second (current) phase, the developed Packalicious framework is tested and improved. This design iteration builds on a transdisciplinary group‐based case study, where real‐life packaging challenges are tackled by diverse stakeholders.

In this paper, we define and measure the efficacy of collaborative learning within Packalicious by means of three innovation indicators. The first results indicate that the approach yields more diverse solutions, and a positive connotation with on‐the‐spot transdisciplinary collaboration. However, it also exposes the differences in discipline‐related language and jargon. This paper contributes to academic insights by the establishment of a self‐sustaining transdisciplinary learning ecosystem, and the ways in which this bridges gaps between disciplines and stakeholders.
Socially Connected Cities by Design: A Design Toolkit for Evaluating Social Impact
Authors: Ballie Jen , Bruce Fraser , McGowan Stephen , Johnstone Lee
Published: December 2022

The UN 2030 agenda for sustainable development acknowledges the role of creativity and cultural diversity in reconciling economic progress and social inclusion. Social innovation leads to social change and emanates from people's everyday interactions, reshaping the ways in which communities deal with social, economic, or environmental challenges. Co‐production and community‐led consultation have emerged as ways of working in partnership to inform and improve the delivery of public services. This positional paper is exploratory in how design led innovation can support the evaluation of community led projects which in turn lead to policy changes that endorse and support cultural and creative regeneration strategies. Adopting a Participatory Action Research (PAR) methodology, workshops were facilitated to scope the requirements for the development of a pilot design‐led toolkit for social innovation interventions underpinned by an evaluation model for impact. Findings from the research highlight opportunities for building capability and capacity in place‐based knowledge exchange partnerships with community stakeholders to support participatory place‐making in cities. The paper closes with recommendations for the adoption of design‐led tools to embed creative practice in local and regional policymaking to help move from critique to creation, techniques that encourage deep collaboration and a process that enables ideas to grow in real‐life settings.
Reconceptualising stakeholders for the management of distributed value creation networks through open design‐led businesses
Authors: Bakırlıoğlu Yekta , Hasdoğan Gülay
Published: December 2022

Openly shared design knowledge and open‐to‐participate design processes present potential for democratising innovation through diffuse value creation networks that can diverge into different directions and design outcomes. This potential mostly concretises through the distributed production paradigm that localises production, closes material loops and empowers communities to meet their specific needs. This paper argues that there is a need for formalising truly alternative ways of doing open design‐led businesses that can establish distributed value creation networks. In an attempt to enable and facilitate envisioning such alternatives, this paper presents a novel conceptualisation of stakeholders and framing of their ever‐shifting roles and responsibilities in complex value creation networks suggested by distributed production through a systematic literature review of 131 journal articles at the intersection of open design, distributed production and business models. The analysis revealed two main categories of stakeholders namely value‐creation‐for‐self and value‐creation‐for‐others, with a total of six sub‐categories presenting varying capacities to participate in networked value creation processes. The article concludes with a discussion on how this conceptualisation can enable envisioning novel, open design‐led business models in terms of collaborative value creation, managing distributed value networks and a layered approach to design and value offerings.
What's trust got to do with it? The ‘washback effect’ of engagement in the 2020 calculated grades process on teachers' trust and future senior cycle reform in Ireland
Authors: Lysaght Zita
Published: December 2022

In Ireland, the high‐stakes Leaving Certificate Examination at the end of upper secondary education was abruptly cancelled in 2020 due to the Covid‐19 pandemic. Instead, calculated grades were introduced, necessitating for the first time the involvement of secondary school teachers in the assessment of their own students for certification. This article reports on analysis of responses to an online survey with 713 respondents conducted in the autumn of 2020, focusing on teacher experiences of engagement in the process of calculated grades in their schools and how this might inform perceptions of their future roles as assessors. Among the key findings to emerge from re‐analyses of these data are inter alia that, for some teachers, (1) negotiation of student grades with colleagues—particularly those at grade boundaries—caused them to question the professional judgements of peers; (2) release by the Department of Education and Skills of student ranks, in addition to grades, constituted a breach of trust because it ran contrary to what they understood had been agreed initially; and (3) living and working in small towns or rural communities in Ireland left them very vulnerable to disgruntled students and their families—resulting in the perception that trust in their professional judgements had been undermined. Hence, the conclusion that the success of Senior Cycle reform efforts is contingent on both rebuilding teachers' trust over time while also working, in the immediate term, with teachers interested in exploring further their roles in school‐based assessment for certification purposes.
The effect of peer group stability on achievements: Evidence from Poland
Authors: Herbst Mikołaj , Sobotka Aneta , Wójcik Piotr
Published: December 2022

This article reports on a study using data from nation‐wide standardised examinations in Poland. We analysed the extent to which grade 9 student achievements have depended on the stability of their peer group over the course of middle school. We controlled for the fixed effects of schools attended by the students, as well as for individual achievements prior to middle school enrolment. To mitigate the risk for endogeneity, analysis was informed by a consideration of the fact that middle schools operate in different institutional relations with nearby primary schools. This also allowed us to distinguish between the effect related to peer group stability and the one connected to the stability of the learning environment in general. The results of our analysis show that instability significantly reduces students' expected performance in mathematics and science. The impact of peer group stability on test achievements varies strongly across the student ability distribution. Very low‐performing students and top performers were most affected. The average students were largely unaffected. One category of students that seems to benefit from the change when moving to middle school are students from very competitive primary schools who have average skills.
Eptinezumab improved patient‐reported outcomes and quality of life in patients with migraine and prior preventive treatment failures
Authors: Goadsby Peter J. , Barbanti Piero , Lambru Giorgio , Ettrup Anders , Christoffersen Cecilie Laurberg , Josiassen Mette Krog , Phul Ravinder , Sperling Bjørn
Published: December 2022

Background and purpose

In the phase 3b, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled DELIVER clinical trial, eptinezumab reduced migraine frequency and headache in adults with two to four prior preventive treatment failures. Here, the effect of eptinezumab on coinciding patient‐reported outcomes is reported.

Methods

Adults were randomized to receive eptinezumab 100, 300 mg or placebo intravenously at weeks 12 and 24. The EQ‐5D‐5L, measuring overall patient health, and the six‐item Headache Impact Test were completed every 4 weeks. The Patient Global Impression of Change was completed at weeks 4, 12 and 24. Patient‐identified most bothersome symptom and the Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire were administered at weeks 12 and 24.

Results

Eptinezumab improved patient‐reported outcomes more than placebo, starting at week 4 and at all subsequent time points. By week 12, patients’ overall health (EQ‐5D‐5L visual analog scale score) improved with eptinezumab treatment (difference from placebo in change from baseline: 100 mg, 5.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.2, 8.1,p < 0.001; 300 mg, 7.5, 95% CI 4.5, 10.4,p < 0.0001). At week 12, eptinezumab improved headache‐related quality of life (difference from placebo in change from baseline in Headache Impact Test total score: 100 mg, −3.8, 95% CI −5.0, −2.5,p < 0.0001; 300 mg, −5.4, 95% CI −6.7, −4.2,p < 0.0001), including each Migraine‐Specific Quality of Life Questionnaire domain (p ≤ 0.0001, all comparisons). Over twice as many patients receiving eptinezumab than placebo reported much or very much improvement on the Patient Global Impression of Change and patient‐identified most bothersome symptom.

Conclusion

Patients with two to four prior preventive treatment failures receiving eptinezumab versus placebo reported greater improvements in well‐being, quality of life and most bothersome symptoms compared to placebo.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT04418765;EudraCTidentifier: 2019‐004497‐25.
Environmental experiences shape sexually dimorphic neuronal circuits and behaviour
Authors: Peedikayil‐Kurien Sonu , Setty Hagar , Oren‐Suissa Meital
Published: December 2022

Dimorphic traits, shaped by both natural and sexual selection, ensure optimal fitness and survival of the organism. This includes neuronal circuits that are largely affected by different experiences and environmental conditions. Recent evidence suggests that sexual dimorphism of neuronal circuits extends to different levels such as neuronal activity, connectivity and molecular topography that manifest in response to various experiences, including chemical exposures, starvation and stress. In this review, we propose some common principles that govern experience‐dependent sexually dimorphic circuits in both vertebrate and invertebrate organisms. While sexually dimorphic neuronal circuits are predetermined, they have to maintain a certain level of fluidity to be adaptive to different experiences. The first layer of dimorphism is at the level of the neuronal circuit, which appears to be dictated by sex‐biased transcription factors. This could subsequently lead to differences in the second layer of regulation namely connectivity and synaptic properties. The third regulator of experience‐dependent responses is the receptor level, where dimorphic expression patterns determine the primary sensory encoding. We also highlight missing pieces in this field and propose future directions that can shed light onto novel aspects of sexual dimorphism with potential benefits to sex‐specific therapeutic approaches. Thus, sexual identity and experience simultaneously determine behaviours that ultimately result in the maximal survival success.
Exploration of the oxidation behavior and doping ratio of the Si–HfO2 bond layer used in environmental barrier coatings
Authors: Xiao Shikang , Li Jianzhang , Liu Xinran , Chang Zixuan , Huang Panxin , Zhang Antong , Tian Yuhang , Zhang Xu , Zhang Jingde , Han Guifang
Published: December 2022

Hafnia doping is expected to improve the performance of the silicon‐bond layer of environmental barrier coatings (EBCs) for SiC‐based ceramic matrix composites. The optimal doping ratio, distribution of HfO2, and oxidation mechanism of the bond layer have not yet been fully addressed. A prototype Si–HfO2 bond layer with a designed HfO2‐rich area was used to examine its oxidation behavior. A random dispersion model was developed to calculate the optimal HfO2 doping ratio and its appropriate distribution state. The simulation results recommended that 20–30 vol% is the optimal doping ratio, where HfO2 is well dispersed inside Si without forming networks. This enables HfO2 to react with and consume SiO2 without accelerating oxygen diffusion inside the bond layer. This was confirmed by oxidation experiments on Si–xHfO2 tablets, in which the thinnest thermally grown oxide was achieved for the 20 vol% HfO2‐doped Si tablet. Both the microstructure design and material composition selection are highly important to further boost the performance of the EBCs.
Adalimumab efficacy is inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Nosrati Avigdor , Torpey McCall E. , Shokrian Neda , Ch'en Peter Y. , Andriano Tyler M. , Benesh Gabrielle , Heibel Haley D. , Hosgood H. Dean , Campton Kristina L. , Cohen Steven R.
Published: December 2022

Background

Adalimumab is the only FDA‐approved biologic for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). In the setting of increasing obesity rates worldwide, the relationship between adalimumab efficacy for HS and BMI is essential to understand. We assessed this relationship through markers of disease severity and inflammation.

Methods

Institutional review board‐approved retrospective chart review of Montefiore/Einstein HS Center (HSC) patients (n = 57) treated with adalimumab. The relationship between BMI and adalimumab efficacy was assessed through disease severity (HS‐Physician Global Assessment [HS‐PGA] 0 and Numerical Rating Scale Pain [NRS‐Pain]) and inflammatory markers (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C‐reactive protein [CRP], and interleukin‐6 [IL‐6]). A BMI ≥ 30 is defined as obese; BMI < 30 is defined as non‐obese.

Results

The mean age was 35.8 ± 13.0 years. After adalimumab therapy, those with BMI < 30 experienced significant reductions in HS‐PGA (−1.5 ± 0.9; P < 0.0001) and NRS‐Pain (−1.6 ± 2.1; P < 0.0001), as well as mean decreases in inflammatory markers ESR, CRP, and IL‐6 (−17.90 ± 23.6, −0.71 ± 1.4, −5.88 ± 7.9, respectively; P > 0.05). Obese patients (BMI ≥ 30) experienced mean increases in HS‐PGA (+0.22 ± 0.8; P > 0.05) and NRS‐Pain scores (+1.41 ± 3.5; P > 0.05) as well as mean increases in ESR, CRP, and IL‐6 (+2.62 ± 28.3, +0.44 ± 3.0, +2.35 ± 6.9, respectively; P > 0.05). Comparing the cohorts, differences in changes in HS‐PGA, NRS‐Pain, ESR, and IL‐6 after therapy are significantly different (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

We identified significantly lower efficacy of adalimumab in HS patients with BMI ≥ 30 compared to those with BMI < 30. Those with BMI ≥ 30 demonstrated signs of both clinical and physiological deterioration while on adalimumab. Future studies are needed to examine adalimumab dosing for HS patients with high BMI, as well as a critical reconsideration of weight‐based therapies.
Knockdown of CYP9A9 increases the susceptibility to lufenuron, methoxyfenozide and a mixture of both in Spodoptera exigua
Authors: Zhang Zhixian , Wang Dan , Shan Yongpan , Chen Jixiang , Hu Hongyan , Song Xianpeng , Ma Xiaoyan , Ren Xiangliang , Ma Yan
Published: December 2022

Lufenuron (LUF) and Methoxyfenozide (MET) as Insect Growth Regulators (IGRs) contribute to the current control of the catastrophic crop pest, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae). Yet S. exigua has evolved resistance to LUF and MET, which is possibly mediated by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), particularly from the CYP3 clade family, as it plays a key role in the detoxification of insecticides. However, a mixture of LUF and MET (MML) (optimal ratio: 6:4) remains highly insecticidal. Here, we analysed the response of S. exigua to sublethal concentrations of LUF, MET, and MML via transcriptomics. Twelve differentially expressed genes (DEGs) encoding CYP3 clade members were observed in transcriptomes and CYP9A9 was significantly upregulated after treatment with LUF, MET, and MML. Further, CYP9A9 was most highly expressed in the midgut of L4 S. exigua larvae. RNAi‐mediated knockdown of CYP9A9 reduced the activity of CYP450 and increased the susceptibility of S. exigua larvae to LUF, MET, and MML. Thus, CYP9A9 plays a key role in the detoxification of LUF, MET, and MML in S. exigua. These findings provide new insights into insecticidal actions of IGRs, which can be applied to the establishment of novel pest management strategies.
Eco‐anxiety in youth: An integrative literature review
Authors: Brophy Hailie , Olson Joanne , Paul Pauline
Published: December 2022

Climate change‐related eco‐anxiety in young people has made headlines around the world, but most study of this phenomenon has been limited to adults. Eco‐anxiety is still not well defined in the literature, but generally refers to distress, worry, or concern related to the climate change crisis. Young people will be chronologically more exposed to climate change‐related harms and problems, and this may be causing increased eco‐anxiety in this population. This literature review aimed to summarize the relevant works on eco‐anxiety in young people, provide a critique of the literature, identify gaps, and discuss the relevance to nursing practice. A literature search using multiple databases and other sources was completed, using applicable key terms and resulted in 23 sources to inform the review. Key themes of eco‐anxiety definition variation, hopelessness and burden in young people, and responses to eco‐anxiety are discussed, and critical analysis is undertaken. The main conclusions include a broad working definition of eco‐anxiety that does not pathologize the eco‐anxiety experience but recognizes that it can cause suffering. Also discussed is the role of nurses in reducing the potential or actual suffering of youth through hope promotion, challenging binary thinking patterns, building emotional resilience, encouraging action or involvement in climate change spheres, and promoting climate justice and advocacy. Recommendations for further research are offered.
Trajectories of health‐related quality of life and fatigue during vedolizumab therapy in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Steenholdt Casper , Lorentsen Ruben Due , Petersen Pernille Nørgaard , Brynskov Jørn
Published: December 2022

Background and Aim

Normalizing health‐related quality of life (QoL) and fatigue are important long‐term treatment targets in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We examined their evolution in relation to changes in disease activity during vedolizumab therapy.

Methods

Cohort study of biologically refractory IBD patients treated with vedolizumab. Patients were prospectively evaluated at all infusions by Short Health Scale (SHS) (QoL questionnaire covering four health dimensions) (n = 79), visual analogous scale for fatigue (VAS‐F) (n = 30), and clinical disease activity. Objective disease assessment was carried out after 1 year or at treatment failure.

Results

Patients in steroid‐free clinical remission at end of induction improved significantly in all SHS items already from week 2 with full implementation by week 14 (“Symptoms” 59% improvement, P < 0.001; “Function” 63%, P < 0.001; “Worries” 59%, P < 0.001; “Well‐being” 40%, P < 0.01). Then, SHS remained stable at background levels (< 20) for 1 year (improvements 67%; 65%; 62%; 57%; P < 0.001). Combined clinical‐objective remission at 1 year was associated with highest SHS improvements (64–72%; P < 0.001). Of note, early SHS improvements preceded manifestation of clinical remission in most patients (22 of 33; 67%). Clinical response materialized into late (week 6 or later) and minor SHS improvements (31–46%, P < 0.001). Fatigue improved steadily over 6 months to background levels (VAS‐F < 4) among patients in clinical remission (45% decrease) or clinical‐objective remission (41%). SHS and VAS‐F impairment remained elevated in patients without effect of therapy.

Conclusion

QoL rapidly improves and predicts later significant clinical‐objective efficacies of vedolizumab at end of induction and 1 year. Fatigue improves slowly after remission is attained.
Mapping first to final uses for rare earth elements, globally and in the United States
Authors: Alonso Elisa , Pineault David G. , Gambogi Joseph , Nassar Nedal T.
Published: December 2022

Estimating the material flows of rare earth elements (REEs) is essential to understanding which industries are most vulnerable to potential REE supply disruptions which, in turn, may inform policy recommendations aimed at reducing the supply risk. However, the REEs are a group of mineral commodities characterized by highly uncertain estimates of supply and demand due to the REE market's complexity, opacity, and small size. In this study, a streamlined methodology was applied to map mineral commodity first‐use to final‐use applications and to estimate total requirements at the national level based on available industrial data for final‐use finished goods. This analysis examines REEs both as a group and individually, showing that total US requirements are between 15% and 16.5% of world requirements for the year 2015, the latest year with the most complete information available. The findings shed light on US industrial capabilities by revealing the discrepancy between the types of REEs that go into US raw material consumption and those that are contained in embedded consumption. For instance, given the United States’ large oil refining industry, US raw material consumption of lanthanum is quite high. In contrast, US raw material consumption of neodymium is relatively low, whereas embedded demand is comparatively high. This reflects the lack of industrial capacity to process REE concentrates into magnet material combined with the US's high imports of products that contain rare earth permanent magnets.
Deletion of Bak1 alleviates microglial necroptosis and neuroinflammation after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage
Authors: Qiu Xiancheng , Tao Qianke , Zhang Lihan , Kuang Chenghao , Xie Yuke , Zhang Lifang , Yin Shigang , Peng Jianhua , Jiang Yong
Published: December 2022

Microglial necroptosis exacerbates neurodegenerative diseases, central nervous system (CNS) injury, and demonstrates a proinflammatory process, but its contribution to subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is poorly characterized. BCL‐2 homologous antagonist‐killer protein (Bak1), a critical regulatory molecule of endogenous apoptosis, can be involved in the pathologic process of necroptosis by regulating mitochondrial permeability. In this study, we revealed microglia undergo necroptosis after SAH in vivo and vitro. Western blot revealed that Bak1 was elevated at 24 h after SAH. Knocked down of Bak1 by adeno‐associated virus attenuates microglial necroptosis, alleviates neuroinflammation, and improves neurologic function after SAH in mice. Furthermore, oxyhemoglobin (10 μM) induced necroptosis in BV2 microglia, increasing Bak1 expression and mediating proinflammatory phenotype transformation, exacerbating oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Abrogating BV2 Bak1 could reduce necroptosis by down‐regulating the expression of phosphorylated pseudokinase mixed lineage kinase domain‐like protein (p‐MLKL), then down‐regulating proinflammatory phenotype gene expression. RNA‐Seq showed that disrupting BV2 Bak1 down‐regulates multiple immune and inflammatory pathways and ameliorates cell injury by elevating thrombospondin 1 (THBS1) expression. In summary, we identified a critical regulatory role for Bak1 in microglial necroptosis and neuroinflammation after SAH. Bak1 is expected to be a potential target for the treatment strategy of SAH.

image
Adult hippocampal neurogenesis and social behavioural deficits in the R451C Neuroligin3 mouse model of autism are reverted by the antidepressant fluoxetine
Authors: Gioia Roberta , Seri Tommaso , Diamanti Tamara , Fimmanò Stefania , Vitale Marina , Ahlenius Henrik , Kokaia Zaal , Tirone Felice , Micheli Laura , Biagioni Stefano , Lupo Giuseppe , Rinaldi Arianna , De Jaco Antonella , Cacci Emanuele
Published: December 2022

Neuron generation persists throughout life in the hippocampus but is altered in animal models of neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases, suggesting that disease‐associated decline in cognitive and emotional hippocampal‐dependent behaviours might be functionally linked with dysregulation of postnatal neurogenesis. Depletion of the adult neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPCs) pool and neurogenic decline have been recently described in mice expressing synaptic susceptibility genes associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASDs). To gain further insight into mechanisms regulating neurogenesis in mice carrying mutations in synaptic genes related to monogenic ASDs, we used the R451C Neuroligin3 knock‐in (Nlgn3 KI) mouse, which is characterized by structural brain abnormalities, deficits in synaptic functions and reduced sociability. We show that the number of adult‐born neurons, but not the size of the NSPC pool, was reduced in the ventral dentate gyrus in knock‐in mice. Notably, this neurogenic decline was rescued by daily injecting mice with 10 mg/Kg of the antidepressant fluoxetine for 20 consecutive days. Sustained treatment also improved KI mice's sociability and increased the number of c‐Fos active adult‐born neurons, compared with vehicle‐injected KI mice. Our study uncovers neurogenesis‐mediated alterations in the brain of R451C KI mouse, showing that the R451C Nlgn3 mutation leads to lasting, albeit pharmacologically reversible, changes in the brain, affecting neuron formation in the adult hippocampus. Our results suggest that fluoxetine can ameliorate social behaviour in KI mice, at least in part, by rescuing adult hippocampal neurogenesis, which may be relevant for the pharmacological treatment of ASDs.

image
Randomised controlled trial on testing an increased vertical dimension of occlusion prior to restorative treatment of tooth wear
Authors: Crins Luuk A. M. J. , Opdam Niek J. M. , Kreulen Cees M. , Bronkhorst Ewald M. , Huysmans Marie‐Charlotte D. N. J. M. , Loomans Bas A. C.
Published: December 2022

Background

Evaluation of a new vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) in complex restorative treatments is considered a necessary step prior to placement of restorations.

Objectives

This randomised controlled trial (RCT) aimed to assess the effects of using an evaluation of a VDO increase before restorative treatment in patients with moderate‐to‐severe tooth wear, on OHRQoL, freeway space (FWS) and interventions to restorations.

Methods

Forty‐two patients with tooth wear were included and randomly allocated to either a test phase with a Removable Appliance (RA) or no test phase. Restorative treatment consisted of restoration of all teeth using composite restorations in an increased VDO. OHIP‐score, freeway space (FWS) and clinical acceptability of restorations were assessed at baseline and at recall appointments (1 month and 1 year). Intervention to restoration was scored in case of material chipping or when the abutment tooth had increased sensitivity that could be linked to occlusal overloading. ANCOVA analyses, Univariate Cox regression, t‐tests and descriptive analyses were performed (p < .05).

Results

Clinical follow‐up after 1 year was completed for 41 patients. No significant effect of testing the VDO with a RA could be found on the OHIP‐score (p = .14). Reduction of FWS in the RA group, compared to the control group, was significantly lower at 1 year (p = .01, 95% CI −1.09 to −0.15). No effect on early interventions to restorations was found (p = .94).

Conclusion

This RCT showed that a removable appliance is not indicated to functionally test the increased VDO prior to restorative treatment in patients with tooth wear.
Psoriatic arthritis of the temporomandibular joint: A systematic review
Authors: Almășan Oana , Hedeșiu Mihaela , Băciuț Mihaela , Buduru Smaranda , Dinu Cristian
Published: December 2022

Objectives

Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition brought on by the immune system. This study aimed to perform a systematic review related to psoriatic arthritis (PsA) of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).

Methods

The search strategy was developed by a radiologist expert with more than 20 years of experience. The search was performed without time restrictions in five electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus and Ovid. The search strategy was based on MeSH and Emtree terms. The methodological quality of the studies was rated using the quality assessment tools from the National Heart Lung and Blood Institute (NHLBI).

Results

Twenty‐three publications were included, 10 being case reports. One hundred‐fifty‐one patients with TMJ PsA were reported. Psoriasis evolution ranged from 1.5 years to 24 years. Clinical symptoms of TMJ involvement included: TMJ pain and sounds, limited range of jaw movements, preauricular swelling, malocclusion, headache, tinnitus, neck stiffness and altered dietary function. TMJ was evaluated by magnetic resonance imaging (six studies), computed tomography (eight articles) and by ultrasonography findings (two articles). For TMJ treatment, topical and systemic medication was reported in 11 studies. Five studies included patients needing surgical procedures for TMJ ankylosis.

Conclusions

A relationship between TMD and psoriasis has been revealed. TMJ PsA has been investigated and debated, although the radiographic findings or clinical symptoms of PsA are not noticeably different from other forms of TMJ arthritis. Conservative therapy can lead to significant improvement of TMJ function.
Exosomes from hypoxia‐pretreated adipose‐derived stem cells attenuate ultraviolet light‐induced skin injury via delivery of circ‐Ash1l
Authors: Zha Jindong , Pan Yanbing , Liu Xiufeng , Zhu Hong , Liu Yanting , Zeng Weihui
Published: December 2022

Background

An increasing number of studies have reported that exosomes from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) have antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties. In the present study, we aimed at elucidating the potential therapeutic mechanism underlying ADSC exosomes in ultraviolet B‐light (UVB)‐induced skin injury.

Methods

We isolated the exosomes from ADSCs and hypoxia‐pretreated ADSCs. High‐throughput sequencing was applied to identify differential circRNA expression. Then, a UV‐induced murine skin injury model was constructed and the therapeutic effect of exosomes was determined using immunofluorescence and ELISA. The regulatory mechanism was demonstrated using luciferase reporter analysis and an in vitro experiment.

Results

Exosomes from hypoxia‐pretreated ADSCs inhibited UVB light‐induced vascular injury by reversing ROS and inflammatory factor expression. High‐throughput sequencing showed that exosomes from hypoxia‐pretreated ADSCs (HExo) improved UV‐induced skin damage via delivery of circ‐Ash1l. Downregulation of circ‐Ash1l inhibited the therapeutic effect of HExo on UV‐induced skin damage. It was further shown that GPX4 and miR‐700‐5p were circ‐Ash1l downstream targets. MiR‐700‐5p overexpression or GPX4 downregulation inhibited the circ‐Ash1l protective effects of UV‐induced endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) damage.

Conclusion

Thus, exosomes from hypoxia‐pretreated ADSCs attenuated UV light‐induced skin injury via circ‐Ash1l delivery and ferroptosis inhibition.
Effects of probiotics supplementation on skin photoaging and skin barrier function: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Jwo Jhen‐Yu , Chang Ya‐Ting , Huang Yu‐Chen
Published: December 2022

Background

Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is one of the major causes of skin aging. To date, there remains limited evidence on using oral probiotics for skin anti‐photoaging.

Objectives

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aims to assess the effects of probiotics on skin photoaging.

Methods

We searched the PubMed and Embase databases for studies published until August 31, 2021, and included randomized controlled trials, murine randomized controlled experiments, and in vitro studies. Skin barrier function was compared between UV irradiated probiotics and controls.

Results

After given oral probiotics supplements, a significant reduction was shown in all types of measured MMPs in both murine and in vitro studies. Oral probiotics supplementation significantly reversed UV‐induced increase of epidermal thickness (standardized mean differences [SMD] = −1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI] = −3.04 to −0.49; p = .007; I2 = 81%), UV‐induced increase trans‐epidermal water loss (SMD = −1.72; 95% CI = −2.76 to −0.67; p = .001; I2 = 57%), and UV‐induced skin dehydration (SMD = 1.85; 95% CI = 1.16 to 2.55; p < .00001; I2 = 4%).

Conclusions

Probiotics are effective against skin photoaging in terms of MMP pathways and reversing skin barrier function from murine randomized data. Further randomized controlled trials on humans are required to warrant these results.
Milk fatty acids as indicators of delayed commencement of luteal activity in dairy cows in early lactation
Authors: Ntallaris Theodoros , Båge Renée , Karlsson Johanna , Holtenius Kjell
Published: December 2022

Excessive mobilization of adipose reserves due to severe negative energy balance in early lactation may be detrimental to dairy cow fertility at individual and herd level. Reproductive efficiency is one of the main factors influencing herd profitability and a strategy for early detection and management of cows with delayed resumption of cyclicity will result higher conception rate, decreased proportion of cows with extended lactation, fewer inseminations per conception and lower culling rates due to reproductive disorders. Using two groups of dairy cows (Holstein n = 37, Swedish Red breed [SRB] n = 49), we investigated potential differences between cows with different commencement of luteal activity (CLA) and the feasibility of using milk fatty acids (MFAs) as predictors of delayed CLA. Milk samples for progesterone analysis were collected twice weekly during the first six weeks in milk. The concentrations of the MFAs C14:0, C16:0, C18:0 and C18:1 cis‐9 in milk (g/100 g milk) and in milk fat (g/100 g fat) were analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and individual MFA profiles were calculated by weeks in milk. Commencement of luteal activity was defined as the first day with milk progesterone concentrations >3 ng/ml at two successive measurements. The study population was categorized as early (n = 42) or late (n = 44) CLA, using the median value of 21 DIM as the cut‐off. Analysis of the data revealed that CLA was correlated with the proportion of some specific MFAs, where cows with delayed CLA had lower IGF‐1 (92.9 ± 7.9 vs. 114.1 ± 7.9 ng/ml; p = .05) and C14:0 levels (10.4 ± 0.2 vs. 11.5 ± 0.2 g/100 fat; p < .01) and higher C18:0 (9.6 ± 0.2 vs. 8.9 ± 0.6 g/100 fat; p < .01) and C18:1 cis‐9 levels (24.9 ± 0.4 vs. 23.5 ± 0.4 g/100 fat; p < .05). Delayed CLA (mean 34 days) was predictable for approximately 80% of cows based on C18:0 or C18:1 cis‐9 concentrations in week 2 postpartum. Overall, MFAs (C18:0 and C18:1 cis‐9) as biomarkers were better indicators than beta‐hydroxybutyrate or non‐esterified fatty acids in early detection of cows with delayed or normal CLA. The MFA concentrations in milk samples from cows in early lactation can thus be used as a non‐invasive method to identify cows at risk of delayed CLA, acting as potential biomarkers for future reproductive performance.
Growth‐regulating factors: conserved and divergent roles in plant growth and development and potential value for crop improvement
Authors: Liu Yutong , Guo Peng , Wang Jie , Xu Zheng‐Yi
Published: December 2022

High yield and stress resistance are the major prerequisites for successful crop cultivation, and can be achieved by modifying plant architecture. Evolutionarily conserved growth‐regulating factors (GRFs) control the growth of different tissues and organs of plants. Here, we provide a systematic overview of the expression patterns of GRF genes and the structural features of GRF proteins in different plant species. Moreover, we illustrate the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs, microRNA396 (miR396), and GRF‐interacting factors (GIFs) in leaf, root, and flower development. We also describe the molecular networks involving the miR396–GRF–GIF module, and illustrate how this module coordinates with different signaling molecules and transcriptional regulators to control development of different plant species. GRFs promote leaf growth, accelerate grain filling, and increase grain size and weight. We also provide some molecular insight into how coordination between GRFs and other signaling modules enhances crop productivity; for instance, how the GRF–DELLA interaction confers yield‐enhancing dwarfism while increasing grain yield. Finally, we discuss how the GRF‐GIF chimera substantially improves plant transformation efficiency by accelerating shoot formation. Overall, we systematically review the conserved and divergent roles of GRFs and the miR396–GRF–GIF module in growth regulation, and also provide insights into how GRFs can be utilized to improve the productivity and nutrient content of crop plants.
K4$K_4$‐free graphs have sparse halves
Authors: Reiher Christian
Published: December 2022

Every ‐free graph on vertices has a set of vertices spanning at most  edges.
Spontaneous chronic subdural haematoma due to hypoplastic rostral superior sagittal sinus
Authors: Brandel Michael G , Gupta Mihir , Pannell J Scott , Schwartz Marc S
Published: December 2022

The superior sagittal sinus (SSS) is a midline structure of the superficial cerebral venous system that drains the anterior cerebral hemispheres. Hypoplasia of the rostral SSS is a known variant, although associated complications are rare. A woman in her 30s presented for evaluation of a symptomatic left-sided acoustic neuroma and was found to have an incidental chronic subdural haematoma (SDH) over the left frontoparietal convexity without trauma or precipitating event. The SDH expanded on serial imaging and the patient eventually underwent left-sided frontoparietal craniotomy for haematoma evacuation. Haematological evaluation was benign, but angiography revealed absence of the anterior half of the SSS. We report the first case of spontaneous SDH in the setting of hypoplastic rostral SSS.
Obstructive sinonasal granuloma: a rare complication of systemic sarcoidosis
Authors: Walsh Amanda , Klein Brandon , Mikula Suzette
Published: December 2022

Sarcoidosis is a granulomatous disorder which presents with pulmonary involvement in >90% of cases. Sinonasal involvement is rare, occurring in 1% of all patients with sarcoidosis. It typically presents in the setting of active pulmonary disease. Here, we present a rare case of sinonasal sarcoidosis (SNS) in a patient with latent pulmonary sarcoidosis. The patient presented to our clinic with several years of nasal obstruction, rhinorrhea and cough unresponsive to medical management. Eventually, radiographic imaging was performed, revealing a large obstructive mass in the left nasal cavity. The mass was resected, and pathology demonstrated epithelioid granulomas, consistent with sarcoidosis. The patient was subsequently placed on systemic therapy with improvement in her symptoms. In summary, SNS is a rare clinical entity that infrequently presents in patients without active pulmonary involvement. Clinicians should have a low threshold to obtain imaging in patients with sarcoidosis who present with sinonasal complaints.
Co-segregation analysis and functional trial in vivo of candidate genes for monogenic diabetes
Authors: Stankute Ingrida , Kazlauskiene Mintaute , Blouin Jean-Louis , Schwitzgebel Valerie M , Verkauskiene Rasa
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The aim of this study was to perform familial co-segregation analysis and functional trial in vivo during mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) of novel variants in diabetes candidate genes.

Research design and methods

It is a continuation of the project “Genetic diabetes in Lithuania” with the cohort of 1209 patients with diabetes. Prior screening for autoimmune markers confirmed type 1 diabetes (T1D) diagnosis in 88.1% (n=1065) of patients, and targeted next-generation sequencing identified 3.5% (n=42) pathogenic variants in MODY genes. Subsequently, 102 patients were classified as having diabetes of unknown etiology. 12/102 were found to have novel variants in potential diabetes genes (RFX2,RREB1,SLC5A1(3 patients with variants in this gene),GCKR,MC4R,CASP10,TMPRSS6,HGFAC,DACH1,ZBED3). Co-segregation analysis and MMTT were carried out in order to study beta-cell function in subjects with specific variants.

Results

MMTT analysis showed that probands with variants inMC4R,CASP10,TMPRSS6,HGFAC, andSLC5A1(c.1415T>C) had sufficient residual beta-cell function with stimulated C-peptide (CP) >200 pmol/L. Seven individuals with variants inRFX2,RREB1,GCKR,DACH1,ZBED3andSLC5A1(c.1415T>C, and c.932A>T) presented with complete beta-cell failure. No statistical differences were found between patients with sufficient CP production and those with complete beta-cell failure when comparing age at the onset and duration of diabetes. Nineteen family members were included in co-segregation analysis; no diabetes cases were reported among them. Only in patient with the variant c.1894G>A inRFX2gene, none of the family members were affected by proband’s variant.

Conclusions

Functional beta-cell study in vivo allowed to select five most probable genes for monogenic diabetes. Familial co-segregation analysis showed that novel variant inRFX2gene could be a possible cause of diabetes. Future functional analysis in vitro is necessary to support or rule out the genetic background as a cause of diabetes.
Sudan virus disease outbreak in Uganda: urgent research gaps
Authors: Ibrahim Susan Khader , Ndwandwe Duduzile Edith , Thomas Katherina , Sigfrid Louise , Norton Alice
Published: December 2022

The Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV) outbreak highlights our ongoing vulnerability to re-emerging high-consequence infectious diseases. Although the Minister of health in Uganda has initiated public health measures in collaboration with neighbouring countries and with support of the WHO, cases have continued to spread to several regions including the capital. The ongoing transmission, uncertain case numbers and no licensed vaccine or therapeutics available are a cause for concern. We searched four databases for SUDV research using the search terms “SUDV”, “Sudan Virus” and “Ebola Sudan”. Our analysis identified only 20 SUDV research studies. Most were implemented in the USA and only one in Uganda. Nine studies were on therapeutics, eight on vaccines, one on diagnostics, one in one health and one in social science. Our data highlight a lack of SUDV research and an urgent need for investment to identify an effective vaccine, and optimal supportive care and therapeutic strategies for all at risk groups as a key research priority. Research investments should be prioritised into vaccines and treatment strategies that will be accessible to high-risk populations in affected regions during the outbreak, to protect populations, improve individual outcomes and facilitate outbreak control.