bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization of the Structural Rigidity of a Deep‐NIR Scaffold for Bioimaging
Authors: Hu Xinru , Dong Yan , Zhang Yuyang , Chen Xiaohua , Yuan Chuanbao , Wang Danyang , Qian Xuhong , Luo Xiao , Yang Youjun
Published: July 2024

Bright deep‐NIR dyes are actively sought after for their potential in fluorescence‐guided surgery and disease theranostics. The major bottleneck lies with the rigidification of the conjugative backbone to suppress non‐radiative deactivation. EC5 is a notable deep‐NIR absorbing/emitting scaffold, which we first reported in 2017. We recently discovered that its diphenyl ether moiety exhibited structural freedom, which was detrimental to its fluorescence brightness. We proposed to enhance the structural rigidity of EC5 via ring‐contraction, i. e., changing the diphenyl ether moiety of EC5E into a biphenyl of EC5B, its low‐frequency normal modes were largely suppressed as predicted by theoretical calculations, and a 55.0 % increase of fluorescence brightness in CH2Cl2 was rendered experimentally. The bright EC5B was feasible for high‐contrast in vivo imaging. EC5B has broad potential in practical biomedical applications.
Performance evaluation of the congestion severity aware rate regulation (CSRR) algorithm in wireless body area networks
Authors: Mekatohti Vamsi kiran , B Nithya
Published: July 2024

Wireless body area network (WBAN) is a potential low‐cost technology for privacy‐sensitive telemedicine and e‐health monitoring and services. However, it faces limited protocol and physical resource support challenges, which can result in packet transfer difficulties. In particular, WBAN requires an emergency‐aware technology that ensures a promising quality of service (QoS). One significant issue affecting QoS and energy efficiency in WBAN is congestion. Effective congestion control techniques are essential for achieving proper load balancing. To address these challenges, we propose a congestion severity aware rate control (CSRR) algorithm that enhances packet transmission rate by reducing packet losses and retransmissions. The CSRR algorithm incorporates a fuzzy controller to predict congestion rates based on runtime metrics. To regulate congestion window growth in different algorithm phases, we introduce sequences such as the Fibonacci retracement sequence, knight's move sequence, and the binary logarithm of the
primorial sequence to regulate congestion window growth in the different phases of the proposed algorithm. We mathematically analyze the proposed CSRR algorithm using a Markov model. The simulation results demonstrate the superiority of our algorithm compared to existing approaches. Specifically, our algorithm achieves significant optimizations in terms of throughput (52.92%), packet loss (38.11%), delay (37.23%), and remaining energy (36.86%) when compared to existing algorithms.
Comparison of the coexistence pattern of mangrove macrobenthos between natural and artificial reforestation
Authors: Guo Pingping , Lin Yufeng , Sheng Yifei , Gu Xuan , Deng Yijuan , Zhang Yamian , Wang Wenqing , Wang Mao
Published: July 2024

The abandoned pond‐to‐mangrove restoration project provides greater advantages than tidal flats afforestation in restoring mangrove ecosystem services and will be the primary method for mangrove restoration in the future. The existing methods for abandoned pond‐to‐mangrove restoration include artificial restoration through ‘dike‐breaking, filling with imported soil and tree planting’ and natural restoration through ‘dike‐breaking and natural succession’. However, little is known about which restoration strategy (natural or artificial restoration) provides more benefits to the biodiversity of mangrove macrobethos. Given a prevailing view suggested that artificial restoration should be the preferred approach for accelerating recovery of biodiversity and vegetation structure in tropical regions, we hypothesised higher macrobenthic biodiversity and more complex community structure in artificial restoration than in natural restoration. To test this hypothesis, macrobenthic biodiversity and ecological processes were monitored in a typical abandoned pond‐to‐mangrove area of Dongzhaigang Bay, China, where artificial and natural restoration methods were used concurrently. Differences in macrobenthic biodiversity, community structure and ecological processes were compared using diversity indices, complex network analysis and null models. Similar species composition and ecological niche overlap and width among macrobenthos were observed at artificial and natural restoration sites. The biotic heterogeneity and interaction among macrobenthos were higher at the natural restoration sites than at the artificial restoration sites. Macrobenthos community assembly at natural and artificial restoration sites was both determined by deterministic processes, with environmental filtering dominating, which explained 52% and 54% of the variations in macrobenthic community structures respectively. Although our findings did not validate the research hypothesis, higher biotic heterogeneity and species interaction among macrobenthos could support natural restoration as the primary method for abandoned pond‐to‐mangrove projects, because it is a nature‐based solution for mangrove restoration.
Organocatalyzed Approach to the Synthesis of γ‐Pyrones via Hydration/Cyclization of Skipped Diynones under Basic Conditions
Authors: Stratakis Manolis , Zantioti-Chatzouda Elisavet-Maria , Koromilas Nikolaos , Kotzabasaki Vasiliki , Kosidekakis Emmanouil , Vassilikogiannakis Georgios
Published: July 2024

In the presence of catalytic amounts of a secondary amine (e.g. morpholine), skipped diynones undergo hydration/cyclization in aqueous acetonitrile to form γ‐pyrones in moderate to excellent yields. The first step of the process involves a trans‐stereoselective conjugate‐addition of morpholine to the ynone. Gradually the intermediate E‐enaminone reacts with H2O yielding a hydration product via nucleophilic vinylic substitution. Then the amine adds to the second ynone moiety and the resulting enaminone is attacked intramolecularly by the enol hydroxyl to yield the γ‐pyrone, with elimination of morpholine (regeneration of the catalyst). Primary amines fail to promote the process, as the initially formed Z‐configurated enaminones are reluctant to react further under standard reaction conditions.
Forecast performance of noncausal autoregressions and the importance of unit root pretesting
Authors: Bec Frédérique , Bohn Nielsen Heino
Published: July 2024

Based on a large simulation study, this paper investigates which strategy to adopt in order to choose the most accurate forecasting model for mixed causal‐noncausal autoregressions (MAR) data generating processes: always differencing (D), never differencing (L), or unit root pretesting (P). Relying on recent econometric developments regarding forecasting and unit root testing in the MAR framework, the main results suggest that from a practitioner's point of view, the P strategy at the 10% level is a good compromise. In fact, it never departs too much from the best model in terms of forecast accuracy, unlike the L (respectively, D) strategy when the DGP becomes very persistent (respectively, less persistent). This approach is illustrated using recent monthly Brent crude oil price data.
The bidirectional mapping of colour metaphor in power: The effect of colour‐semantic integration and processing depth
Authors: Li Ying , Li Tiantian , Liu Bingjie , Sui Yuqing , Wang Yue
Published: July 2024

Previous studies found that the abstract concept of power is embodied within space and weight, but there is not a consistent conclusion on the metaphorical relationship between power and colour. The present study adopted three experiments to investigate the metaphorical association between the concept of power and colour perception in Chinese, and how semantic processing and colour perception influence this mapping. Experiment 1 studied the effect of colour perception on the processing of power. The results showed that there was a faster response when high‐power words were presented in gold and low‐power words were presented in grey. Experiment 2 explored whether priming semantics of power affected colour judgement, and found no significant difference between gold and grey, neither in high‐power words nor low‐power words. Experiment 3 discovered that participants preferred to connect the golden pseudo words with high‐power words and connect the grey pseudo words with low‐power words. Overall, the present study substantiated a two‐way metaphorical link between colour and power. A metaphorical association is also influenced by the degree of integration of colour into semantics and the depth of semantic processing.
Testicular seminoma in transverse testicular ectopia
Authors: Inoue Minoru , Osaka Akiyoshi , Ikezoe Erika , Tsujioka Hiroki , Nirazuka Asumi , Hasegawa Kintaro , Iwahata Toshiyuki , Nakayama Akinori , Setoguchi Kiyoshi , Saito Kazutaka
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Transverse testicular ectopia is a rare anomaly in which both testes descend toward the same side of the hemiscrotum.

Case presentation

A 35‐year‐old man presented with right inguinal enlargement. Computed tomography showed a normal testis in the right hemiscrotum and a 58 mm heterogeneous mass in the right inguinal area. No testis was observed in the left hemiscrotum. The vascular structures extended from the right inguinal mass to the left renal vein. Consequently, the left testicular tumor was diagnosed as transverse testicular ectopia, and a left orchiectomy was performed. The histological diagnosis was seminoma stage pT2. Furthermore, left para‐aortic lymph node metastasis developed 10 months postoperatively. A complete response was obtained after systemic chemotherapy.

Conclusion

Awareness of seminomas in transverse testicular ectopia could facilitate appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Furthermore, the location of the lymph node metastasis indicated that the ectopic testis could have originated from the left side.
Ezetimibe ketone protects against renal ischemia–reperfusion injury and attenuates oxidative stress via activation of the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway
Authors: Chen Zhen , Wang Kai , He Xiaozhou , Xue Dong , Ma Xuyi
Published: July 2024

Recently, ezetimibe (EZM) has been suggested to be a potent Nrf2 activator that is important for preventing oxidative stress. Interestingly, we found that its metabolite ezetimibe ketone (EZM‐K) also has antioxidant effects. Thus, we investigated the role of EZM‐K in preventing renal ischemia‒reperfusion injury (RIRI). Cultured NRK‐52E cells were subjected to simulated IR with or without EZM‐K. Rats were used to simulate in vivo experiments. EZM‐K alleviated H2O2‐induced apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and upregulated Nrf2 and HO‐1 levels in NRK‐52E cells. A HO‐1 and a Nrf2 inhibitor reversed the protective effects of EZM‐K. In the rat RIRI model, pretreatment with EZM‐K activated the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway, suppressed tubular injury and inflammation, and improved renal function. EZM‐K significantly prevented renal injury caused by ischemia‒reperfusion via the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling axis both in vivo and in vitro. The other metabolite of EZM, ezetimibe glucuronide (EZM‐G) had no protective effects against ROS in RIRI. EZM‐G also had no antioxidant effects and could not activate Nrf2/HO‐1 signal pathway. Our findings also indicated the therapeutic potential of EZM‐K in preventing RIRI.
In silico study suggests potential drugs that target CD151 to treat breast cancer and glioblastoma
Authors: Ramírez‐Salinas Gema , Rosales‐Hernandéz Martha Cecilia , Correa‐Basurto José , Guerrero‐González Issac , Hernández‐Castro Selene Saraí , Martinez‐Archundia Marlet
Published: July 2024

Recently tetraspanin CD151 has been identified as an important biological target involved in metastatic processes which include cell adhesion, tumor progression processes, and so forth in different types of cancers, such as breast cancer and glioblastoma. This in Silico study considered 1603 compounds from the Food and Drug Administration database, after performing an ADMET analysis; we selected 853 ligands, which were used for docking analysis. The most promising ligands were selected from docking studies, based on two criteria: (a) showed lowest affinity to the CD151 protein and (b) they interact with the QRD motif, located in the second extracellular loop. Furthermore, we investigate the stability of the protein‐ligand complexes through MD simulations as well as free energy MM‐PBSA calculations. From these results, loperamide and glipizide were identified as the best evaluated drugs. We suggest an in vitro analysis is needed to confirm our in silico prediction studies.
A network analysis of body image concern, interoceptive sensibility, self‐consciousness, and self‐objectification
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yang Han‐Xue
Published: July 2024

Objective

Disrupted interoception has been found in individuals with body image concerns and related psychiatric conditions (i.e., eating disorders, body dysmorphic disorder). However, few studies have explored the role of interoception in the relationship between body image concern and self‐objectification (SO). As components of the bodily self, interoception and body image may also contribute to the fostering of self‐consciousness.

Methods

The current study estimated the network model of body image concern, adaptive and maladaptive interoceptive sensibility (IS), self‐consciousness, and SO, with data from 743 neurotypical adults. The centrality of nodes and the robustness of the network were verified.

Results

Our network showed that interoception correlated with certain characteristics of body image concern (BIC) with varying strength and different directions. The most central node described beliefs of BIC, namely, negative evaluation toward appearance. Self‐objectification and maladaptive IS presented the highest bridge centrality. Interoception also linked BICs with SO and self‐consciousness.

Conclusion

Findings suggested that SO, adaptive and maladaptive interoception might be the targets of intervention for individuals with BIC, specifically for those with high levels of appearance‐related negative self‐evaluations.
Point‐of‐care ultrasound in skin and soft tissue infections
Authors: Koppa Bryan M. , Kelly Christopher T.
Published: July 2024

Background

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) is becoming an increasingly valuable tool in hospital medicine, especially with advancements in ultrasound technology that make it easier to perform. POCUS can augment the history and physical exam in patients with suspected SSTIs. POCUS can detect deeper infections, such as abscesses, and expedite time to surgical debridement for life‐threatening infections such as necrotizing fasciitis (NF).

Objectives

This review provides an introduction on how to perform and interpret a skin and soft tissue POCUS exam, the key sonographic findings for SSTIs, and how to incorporate these findings into clinical reasoning and management.

Methods

SSTI POCUS literature was reviewed using PubMed. All relevant studies with a defined protocol and reported sensitivity and specificity pertaining to the use of POCUS to diagnose SSTIs in adults were included. The authors provide additional input based on their ultrasound expertise and clinical experience.

Results

A total of seven studies met the criteria to be included in this review.

Conclusions

Soft tissue POCUS is a valuable tool for hospitalists to improve diagnostic accuracy and patient care when assessing suspected SSTIs. Access to equipment, POCUS training, and experience are barriers to widespread use. However, performing a soft tissue POCUS exam is straightforward. It requires less training compared to other POCUS exams, and it has notable potential for routine future practice in the evaluation and management of suspected SSTIs and other dermatologic conditions.
Open wedge high tibial osteotomy alters patellofemoral joint kinematics: A multibody simulation study
Authors: Schroeder Lennart , Grothues Sonja , Brunner Josef , Radermacher Klaus , Holzapfel Boris Michael , Jörgens Maximilian , Fuermetz Julian
Published: July 2024

Changes in lower limb alignment after open‐wedge high tibial osteotomy (owHTO) influence joint kinematics. The aim of this study was to investigate the morphological and kinematic changes of the knee joint, in particular the patellofemoral joint, using a multibody simulation model. OwHTO with an open tibial wedge of 6–12 mm (1 mm intervals) was virtually performed on each of 13 three‐dimensional (3D) computer‐aided design models (CAD models) derived from computer tomography scans of full‐leg cadaver specimens. For each owHTO, an individual biomechanical simulation model was built and knee flexion from 5° to 100° was simulated using a multibody simulation model of the native knee. Morphologic and alignment parameters as well as tibiofemoral and patellofemoral kinematic parameters were evaluated. Almost linear changes in tibial tuberosity trochlea groove (TT‐TG) (0.42 mm/1 mm wedge height) were observed which led to pathological values (TT‐TG > 20 mm) in 3 out of 13 knees. Furthermore, a 6 mm increase in osteotomy wedge height increased lateral patellofemoral rotation by 0.8° (range: 0.39° to 1.11°) and led to a lateral patellar translation of 0.8 mm (range: 0.37–3.11 mm) on average. Additionally, valgisation led to a medial translation of the tibia and a decrease in the degree of tibial internal rotation during knee flexion of approximately 0.3°/1 mm increase in osteotomy wedge height. The increase in TT‐TG and the biomechanical effects observed influence patellofemoral tracking, which may increase retropatellar pressure and are potential risk factors for the development of anterior knee pain.
Two decades of network meta‐analysis: Roadmap to their applications and challenges
Authors: Veroniki Areti Angeliki , Florez Ivan , Hutton Brian , Straus Sharon E. , Tricco Andrea C.
Published: July 2024

Recently, Ades and colleagues discussed the controversies and advancements in network meta‐analysis (NMA) over the past two decades, discussing its reliability, assumptions, novel approaches, and provided some useful recommendations for the conduction of NMAs. The present discussion paper builds on the insights by Ades and colleagues, providing a roadmap for NMA applications, advancements in software and tools, and approaches designed to facilitate the assessment and interpretation of NMA findings. It also discusses the impact of NMA across disciplines, particularly for policymakers and guideline developers. Despite 20 years of NMA history, challenges remain in understanding and assessing assumptions, communicating and interpreting findings, and applying common approaches like network meta‐regression and NMA involving non‐randomized studies in readily available software. NMA has proven particularly valuable in clinical decision‐making, which highlights the need for additional training and interdisciplinary collaboration of knowledge users, including patient engagement, to enhance its adoption and address real‐world problems.
Research progress of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with paraneoplastic syndrome: A review
Authors: Liang Xin‐Li , Li Xin‐Bao , Fu Yu‐Bin , Su Yan‐Dong , Ma Ru , Yang Rui , Wu He‐Liang , Li Yan
Published: July 2024

Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and invasive tumor, and some patients will develop paraneoplastic syndrome (PS) during the course of the disease. This review summarizes PS associated with MPM, focusing on the clinical characteristics and treatment progress in hematological, endocrine, rheumatic, neurological, urinary, and other systems to decrease missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis, help early diagnosis and prompt treatment, and provide guidance for the clinical decision‐making of this kind of patients.
The artificial intelligence advantage: Supercharging exploratory data analysis
Authors: Oettl Felix C. , Oeding Jacob F. , Feldt Robert , Ley Christophe , Hirschmann Michael T. , Samuelsson Kristian ,   ESSKA Artificial Intelligence Working Group
Published: July 2024

Explorative data analysis (EDA) is a critical step in scientific projects, aiming to uncover valuable insights and patterns within data. Traditionally, EDA involves manual inspection, visualization, and various statistical methods. The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) has the potential to improve EDA, offering more sophisticated approaches that enhance its efficacy. This review explores how AI and ML algorithms can improve feature engineering and selection during EDA, leading to more robust predictive models and data‐driven decisions. Tree‐based models, regularized regression, and clustering algorithms were identified as key techniques. These methods automate feature importance ranking, handle complex interactions, perform feature selection, reveal hidden groupings, and detect anomalies. Real‐world applications include risk prediction in total hip arthroplasty and subgroup identification in scoliosis patients. Recent advances in explainable AI and EDA automation show potential for further improvement. The integration of AI and ML into EDA accelerates tasks and uncovers sophisticated insights. However, effective utilization requires a deep understanding of the algorithms, their assumptions, and limitations, along with domain knowledge for proper interpretation. As data continues to grow, AI will play an increasingly pivotal role in EDA when combined with human expertise, driving more informed, data‐driven decision‐making across various scientific domains.

Level of Evidence: Level V ‐ Expert opinion.
Effect of CO on the corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in wet CO2 gas at 710°C
Authors: Cao Fang , Donchev Alexander , Galetz Mathias , Myers Michael , Ma Ning , Chun Charlie
Published: July 2024

The corrosion behavior of 304 stainless steel in wet CO2 gas with or without CO and CO plus 400 ppmv SO2 was investigated in this study. Corrosion kinetics was studied by thermogravimetric analysis at 710°C for 100 h under three gas conditions. After isothermal exposure, the corroded coupons were characterized in detail by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, an electron probe microanalyzer, and transmission electron microscopy. CO addition to wet CO2 resulted in lower oxygen partial pressure and lower oxide growth kinetics. It also suppressed iron‐rich oxide nodule formation, as compared to the wet CO2 gas environment. A Cr‐depletion zone was observed underneath the oxide scale in the substrate, but no obvious internal carburization was observed in all three gas environments. A thin, protective oxide scale consisting of an outer layer of a Cr‐rich spinel and an inner Cr‐rich chromia layer was developed in CO‐containing gas conditions, with or without SO2. The effect of CO on oxidation and scale formation is discussed in comparison with that in wet CO2 conditions.
Reassessment of the genetic basis of natural rifampin resistance in the genus Rickettsia
Authors: Amoros Julien , Fattar Noor , Buysse Marie , Louni Meriem , Bertaux Joanne , Bouchon Didier , Duron Olivier
Published: July 2024

Rickettsia, a genus of obligate intracellular bacteria, includes species that cause significant human diseases. This study challenges previous claims that the Leucine‐973 residue in the RNA polymerase beta subunit is the primary determinant of rifampin resistance in Rickettsia. We investigated a previously untested Rickettsia species, R. lusitaniae, from the Transitional group and found it susceptible to rifampin, despite possessing the Leu‐973 residue. Interestingly, we observed the conservation of this residue in several rifampin‐susceptible species across most Rickettsia phylogenetic groups. Comparative genomics revealed potential alternative resistance mechanisms, including additional amino acid variants that could hinder rifampin binding and genes that could facilitate rifampin detoxification through efflux pumps. Importantly, the evolutionary history of Rickettsia genomes indicates that the emergence of natural rifampin resistance is phylogenetically constrained within the genus, originating from ancient genetic features shared among a unique set of closely related Rickettsia species. Phylogenetic patterns appear to be the most reliable predictors of natural rifampin resistance, which is confined to a distinct monophyletic subclade known as Massiliae. The distinctive features of the RNA polymerase beta subunit in certain untested Rickettsia species suggest that R. raoultii, R. amblyommatis, R. gravesii, and R. kotlanii may also be naturally rifampin‐resistant species.
Characteristics of after‐discharges following compound muscle action potential or F‐wave in primary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome
Authors: Hu Youfang , Ding Qingyun , Feng Xinhong , Yimin Wu , Shen Dongchao , Shi Jiayu , Wu Shuang , Cui Liying , Guan Yuzhou
Published: July 2024

Introduction/Aims

F‐wave testing frequently reveals after‐discharges of varied morphologies in patients with primary peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndrome (PNHS), although reports are scant. This study aimed to explore the morphological characteristics of the after‐discharges during F‐wave tests in PNHS, and to assess the association between after‐discharges and the disease classification.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with PNHS between 2014 and 2022. The morphological characteristic and duration of after‐discharges during F‐wave tests were analyzed. After‐discharges in the Morvan syndrome group were compared with those in non‐Morvan group, and between groups with positive or negative voltage‐gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex antibodies.

Results

Twenty‐nine patients were included in the study, of which 25 exhibited after‐discharges. All after‐discharges in Morvan patients occurred following compound muscle action potential (CMAP). In non‐Morvan patients, after‐discharges occurred following F‐wave (32%) and CMAP (47%). The durations of after‐discharges following CMAP were significantly prolonged in Morvan (54.2 ± 18.8 ms) compared to non‐Morvan patients (34.5 ± 15.0 ms). The majority of antibody‐positive patients (18/20) exhibited after‐discharges following CMAP, whereas 67% of antibody‐negative patients (6/9) showed after‐discharges following F‐wave.

Discussion

The varying presentations of after‐discharges, including their location (after CMAP or F‐wave) and the duration of after‐discharge can assist in clinically classifying PNHS.
First Principles Investigations on the Carbon‐Related Defects in Silicon
Authors: Ouyang Zhongyan , Xu Xiaodong , Che Chengrui , Zhang Gewei , Ying Tao , Li Weiqi , Yang Jianqun , Li Xingji
Published: July 2024

Defect identification for unintentionally induced defects and radiation‐implemented defects always attracts great attention in semiconductor materials. Recent advances in carbon‐implemented single‐photon emitters in silicon urgently require the accurate identification of defect structures to reveal transition mechanisms. Using hybrid functional with finite size correction, we investigate the charge and optical transitions of carbon‐related defects, including CSiCSi, VSiCSi, CSi, SiiCSiCSi, and Ci. Except for Ci, other defects present the negative‐U feature in the charge transition process. CSiCSi and VSiCSi tend to perform p‐type conductivity with the electron capture transition close to the valence band, of which transition level ε (0/−1) is 0.30 eV for CSiCSi and ε (+1/−2) is 0.34 eV for VSiCSi. CSi and SiiCSiCSi present a bipolar doping character, and CSi tends to capture holes with transition ε (0/+2) = 0.10 eV. The optical transitions that typically emit or absorb light in the telecom optical wavelength bands are identified in these defects in terms of band edge recombination. The zero‐phonon lines of optical transitions of ε (+2/+1) for VSiCSi and Ci are consistent with a previous experiment involving single‐photon emitters. The findings are helpful to understand the performance degradation of silicon devices and provide a reference for identifying the structure of carbon‐related defects in silicon.
Observer‐based adaptive neural networks optimal control for spacecraft proximity maneuver with state constraints
Authors: Li Qinwen , Meng Zhongjie
Published: July 2024

This article proposes an adaptive neural network (NN) optimal control approach for autonomous relative motion control of non‐cooperative spacecraft in proximity. The proposed method aims to minimize fuel consumption under various challenges including model uncertainty, state constraints, external disturbances, and input saturation. To account for uncertain parameters of non‐cooperative target and external disturbances, we start by designing a NN disturbance observer. Subsequently, a novel optimal control index function is presented. An adaptive NN based on the actor‐critic (A‐C) framework and backstepping theory is then utilized to approximate the solution of Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equation and obtain an optimal control law. The Lyapunov framework is leveraged to establish the stability of the closed‐loop control system. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed control scheme in comparison with an existing approach.
Use of interrupted time series methods in the evaluation of the Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE) from 2013 to 2017 and its gender action plan for STEM field
Authors: Abuhummour Anan M.
Published: July 2024

Even though we have varied backgrounds, experiences, roles, and privileges in the community research field, we are all committed to studying equity theory and associated literature in educational contexts. The purpose of this evaluation is to assess the Jordanian national strategy for women's empowerment from 2013 to 2017 and its gender equality program in its efforts to increase Jordanian women's representation in scientific studies, achieve gender equality, and empower all women and girls, in addition to the goals related to other objectives. This analysis considers interrupted time series methods (randomized controlled trials) to measure the impacts of Jordanian National Strategy for Women Empowerment (JNSWE). Pre‐ and post‐policy periods were compared. Trend, regression analysis, r and r2, and the Mann–Whitney U test were utilized. The impact of this strategy delivers impressive results. This evaluation indicates that between 2013 and 2017, the JNSWE was effective in increasing Jordanian women's presence in STEM studies due to addressing gender inequality, the gender pay gap, and training deficiencies in the field. The first hypothesis was accepted (Z = −2.812, P > .005, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women in science. The execution of the JNSWE (2013–2017) supported the representation of Jordanian women in telecommunications more than before, and Hypothesis H2 was accepted (Z = −2.892, P > .004, df = 11). Ultimately, Hypothesis H3 was approved (Z = −2.254, P > .024, df = 11), and the JNSWE's implementation from 2013 to 2017 increased the number of Jordanian women pursuing careers in engineering and mathematics. In this sense, this evaluation is innovative and responsive to the rising calls and concerns of feminists to empirically address the low presence of Jordanian women in scientific studies science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, known by the acronym STEM, and seeks to eliminate all forms of gender bias against women in the public spheres, including pay inequality. Included are the study's recommendations for further research.
Nanoconfined Supercooled Water in Hydrated Two‐Dimensional Polyaniline for Sub‐Zero Solid‐State Zinc‐Ion Hybrid Capacitor
Authors: Liang Jiaxing , Rawal Aditya , Wang Biying , Xiao Kefeng , Lennon Alison , Wang Da‐Wei
Published: July 2024

Solid‐state electrochemical energy systems have attracted numerous attentions for their excellent performance, high safety, and low cost. Recently, ice of aqueous electrolytes is reported as a new kind solid‐state electrolyte for low‐temperature solid‐state devices. However, the lack of kinetically favorable electrodes hampers the performance of this new class of icy electrolyte‐based solid‐state devices at sub‐zero temperatures. In this work, a hydrated layered polyaniline cathode active material (h‐LPANi) with nanoconfined supercooled water by metatungstate clusters is utilized to improve the performance of sub‐zero solid‐state zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs). The interlayer confined hydrated network of h‐LPANi improves kinetics, surpassing pristine polyaniline and conventional porous carbon‐based active materials. At −15 °C, the solid‐state iced ZIHCs with h‐LPANi cathode demonstrate an areal energy density of 580.0 µWh cm−2 at 1.1 mW cm−2 and 155.7 µWh cm−2 at 43.3 mW cm−2, surpassing other low‐temperature solid‐state ZIHCs with conventional cathodes.
New 2D Metal‐Organic Monoacid Framework (MOmAF): Realization of Extreme Water Repellence
Authors: Chen Ting , Wei Xiuming , Fabiani Thomas , Liu Baoyu , Yang Yaohao , Lewis Allana , Mazlan Nurul A. , Butt Fraz Saeed , Chen Siyu , Gu Qinfeng , Radacsi Norbert , Wang Huanting , De Angelis Maria Grazia , Yang Shuiqing , Chen Haiqun , Huang Yi
Published: July 2024

Metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) are normally moisture‐sensitive and unstable in aqueous environments, which has considerably limited their practical applications because water/moisture is ubiquitous in many industrial processes. New materials with superior water stability are, therefore, in great demand and vital to their practical applications. Here, a novel oil/water interfacial assembly strategy is demonstrated for the synthesis of a new class of metal‐organic monoacid framework (MOmAF) with exceptional water stability and chemical stability. Superhydrophobic 2D sheets are synthesized at room temperature, while 1D nanotubes are obtained via the self‐scrolling of their 2D sheets for the first time. In addition, a simple sequential drop‐casting method is developed to coat as‐synthesized MOmAF structures onto porous membranes. This can potentially open up new avenues in the design of superhydrophobic self‐cleaning MOmAF materials without tedious post‐synthetic modifications and usher in a new class of materials meeting industrial needs.
Yes, Charlotte Died: Using Picturebooks to Talk about, Not Avoid, the Topic of Death
Authors: Parker Lisa , Wittman Kennedy , Bintz William P.
Published: July 2024

This article focuses on the difficult event of death. The audience for this article is classroom teachers, librarians/media specialists, curriculum developers, and so on. The purpose is to share points to consider when choosing quality picture books focusing on death as well as exemplars to represent these points. These points were concluded as a result of a multimodal content analysis of 100 picture books. We begin by presenting a rationale for using picture books to help children deal with the difficult topics including the topic of death. Next, we describe why we chose the topic of death. We continue by describing our inquiry and present characteristics of quality picture books that we discovered during our inquiry. For each characteristic we highlight an exemplary picture book to illustrate the characteristic. We end with final thoughts.
HEOM‐QUICK2: A general‐purpose simulator for fermionic many‐body open quantum systems—An update
Authors: Zhang Daochi , Ye Lyuzhou , Cao Jiaan , Wang Yao , Xu Rui‐Xue , Zheng Xiao , Yan YiJing
Published: July 2024

Many‐body open quantum systems (OQSs) have a profound impact on various subdisciplines of physics, chemistry, and biology. Thus, the development of a computer program capable of accurately, efficiently, and versatilely simulating many‐body OQSs is highly desirable. In recent years, we have focused on the advancement of numerical algorithms based on the fermionic hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) theory. Being in‐principle exact, this approach allows for the precise characterization of many‐body correlations, non‐Markovian memory, and non‐equilibrium thermodynamic conditions. These efforts now lead to the establishment of a new computer program, HEOM for QUantum Impurity with a Correlated Kernel, version 2 (HEOM‐QUICK2), which, to the best of our knowledge, is currently the only general‐purpose simulator for fermionic many‐body OQSs. Compared with version 1, the HEOM‐QUICK2 program features more efficient solvers for stationary states, more accurate treatment of non‐Markovian memory, and improved numerical stability for long‐time dissipative dynamics. Integrated with quantum chemistry software, HEOM‐QUICK2 has become a valuable theoretical tool for the precise simulation of realistic many‐body OQSs, particularly the single atomic or molecular junctions. Furthermore, the unprecedented precision achieved by HEOM‐QUICK2 enables accurate simulation of low‐energy spin excitations and coherent spin relaxation. The unique usefulness of HEOM‐QUICK2 is demonstrated through several examples of strongly correlated quantum impurity systems under non‐equilibrium conditions. Thus, the new HEOM‐QUICK2 program offers a powerful and comprehensive tool for studying many‐body OQSs with exotic quantum phenomena and exploring applications in various disciplines.

This article is categorized under:

Data Science > Computer Algorithms and Programming

Software > Simulation Methods

Theoretical and Physical Chemistry > Statistical Mechanics
Implementing ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 Consent Records and Receipts for GDPR and DGA
Authors: Pandit Harshvardhan J. , Lindquist Jan , Krog Georg P.
Published: July 2024

The ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 Privacy technologies—Consent record information structure provides guidance for the creation and maintenance of records regarding consent as machine-readable information. It also provides guidance on the use of this information to exchange such records between entities in the form of ‘receipts’. In this article, we compare requirements regarding consent between ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023, ISO/IEC 29184:2020 Privacy Notices, and the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) to show how these standards can be used to support GDPR compliance. We then use the Data Privacy Vocabulary (DPV) to implement ISO/IEC TS 27560:2023 and create interoperable consent records and receipts. We also discuss how this work benefits the implementation of EU Data Governance Act (DGA), specifically for machine-readable consent forms.
Welche Charakteristika weist die in Leitlinien zitierte Literatur auf? – Eine Fallstudie anhand einer S2e- und einer S3-Leitlinie
Authors: Traylor Christopher , Aman Valeria
Published: July 2024

Medizinische Leitlinien sind Sammlungen sorgfältig ausgewählter Forschungsarbeiten, die Empfehlungen für die Behandlung von Patienten enthalten. Da die medizinischen Leitlinien selbst nur selten zitiert werden oder Teil von Leistungsbewertungen sind, untersuchen wir wichtige Einblicke in die Merkmale der Literatur, auf die in Leitlinien verwiesen wird. Wir haben Artikel, die in Leitlinien zitiert werden, mit ähnlichen Artikeln aus demselben Jahr und derselben Zeitschrift verglichen, die nicht in den Leitlinien zitiert werden. Außerdem vergleichen wir das Veröffentlichungsjahr der zitierten Referenzen mit den prozentualen Zitationsrängen der Leitlinienreferenzen. Wir haben festgestellt, dass Artikel, die in den untersuchten Leitlinien zitiert werden, signifikant höhere Zitationszahlen aufweisen als andere Publikationen gleicher Zeitschriften und Jahrgänge.
Iconographic Research Poetry in the Classroom
Authors: Meyer Marcy
Published: July 2024

In this chapter, the author explores techniques for integrating iconographic research poetry in the classroom. She begins by providing an overview of arts-based research (ABR) pedagogy. Next, she describes pedagogical innovations that embrace research poetry. Finally, the author offers readers a toolkit that they can use to incorporate iconographic research poetry into their qualitative research courses. She contends that by introducing poetic inquiry into the research methods classroom, qualitative research instructors can cultivate creativity and encourage students to begin thinking about concepts like crystallization and alternative representation of findings.
The Fatigue Phenomenon
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

During testing, we noted the influence of cyclic loads on tie-rod load losses. In a number of tests, we measured the deformations induced in the tie rods by the loads of railway trains. During direct tensile tests, we observed strand failures in tie rods subjected to these loads.
Re-tensioning
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

Analysis of dynamic stiffness and electrical insulation quality is used to select the tie rods that can be re-tensioned. a procedure is presented. The reintroduced forces were limited to several dozens of tie rods. A procedure of re-tensioning is presented.
Length of the Tie Rod
Authors: Rincent Jean-Jacques Henri
Published: July 2024

Calculating the free and total lengths of the tie rods is an essential step in validating their compliance with the design. But also, to resize these elements to the current site configuration. An example of interpretation is given.
Unorientable topological gravity and orthogonal random matrix universality
Authors: Weber Torsten , Tall Jarod , Haneder Fabian , Urbina Juan Diego , Richter Klaus
Published: July 2024

Abstract

The duality of Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and a double scaled matrix integral has led to studies of the canonical spectral form factor (SFF) in the so called τ−scaled limit of large times, t → ∞, and fixed temperature, in order to demonstrate agreement with universal random matrix theory (RMT). Though this has been established for the unitary case, extensions to other symmetry classes requires the inclusion of unorientable manifolds in the sum over geometries, necessary to address time reversal invariance, and regularization of the corresponding prime geometrical objects, the Weil-Petersson (WP) volumes. We report here how universal signatures of quantum chaos, witnessed by the fidelity to the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble, emerge for the low-energy limit of unorientable JT gravity, i.e. the unorientable Airy model/topological gravity. To this end, we implement the loop equations for the corresponding dual (double-scaled) matrix model and find the generic form of the unorientable Airy WP volumes, supported by calculations using unorientable Kontsevich graphs. In an apparent violation of the gravity/chaos duality, the τ−scaled SFF on the gravity side acquires both logarithmic and power law contributions in t, not manifestly present on the RMT side. We show the expressions can be made to agree by means of bootstrapping-like relations hidden in the asymptotic expansions of generalized hypergeometric functions. Thus, we are able to establish strong evidence of the quantum chaotic nature of unorientable topological gravity.
Electro-depolymerization of Kraft lignin with deep eutectic solvents
Authors: Ceylan Esra , Gürler-Akyüz Berrin , Kurt Rıfat , Gencer Ayhan , Akyüz Mehmet , Kilic-Pekgözlü Ayben
Published: July 2024

The paper production industry annually produces approximately 50 million tons of lignin, an intermediate product. While lignin has the potential for producing valuable chemicals and energy materials, an effective method for its conversion is yet to be developed. This study aims to establish a sustainable and environmentally friendly approach for electrochemically synthesizing valuable compounds from lignin with using natural deep eutectic solvents as electrolytes. The study used cyclic voltammetry (CV) for the electrochemical depolymerization of Kraft lignin, examining the effects of different scan numbers on depolymerization and the resulting lignin derivatives. Observed changes in the depolymerization peak current of lignin were reported as the number of scans increased. Choline chloride: Lactic acid (CC:LA), Choline chloride: Ethylene glycol (CC:EG), and Lactic acid:1,2-propanediol (LA:PR) were used as green electrolytes. Syringaldehyde was found to be the major compound obtained by this method. As a result of statistical analysis performed using The Grey Relations Analysis method, it was determined that the conditions that utilized Kraft lignin with the highest added value involved performing five cycles of CV scans with the CC:LA electrolyte. CV scans in DES environments increased the yield of lignin-derived phenolic compounds.
Changes in Soil Microbial Communities Induced by Biodegradable and Polyethylene Mulch Residues Under Three Different Temperatures
Authors: Romano Ida , Ventorino Valeria , Schettino Mariachiara , Magaraci Giuseppina , Pepe Olimpia
Published: July 2024

Mulching is a common method increasing crop yield and achieving out-of-season production; nevertheless, their removal poses a significant environmental danger. In this scenario, the use of biodegradable plastic mulches comes up as a solution to increase the sustainability of this practice, as they can be tilled in soil without risk for the environment. In this context, it is important to study the microbial response to this practice, considering their direct involvement in plastic biodegradation. This study evaluated the biodegradation of three commercial mulch residues: one conventional non-biodegradable mulch versus two biodegradable ones (white and black compostable Mater-Bi mulches). The experiment was conducted under three incubation temperatures (room temperature 20–25 °C, 30 °C, and 45 °C) for a 6-month trial using fallow agricultural soil. Soil without plastic mulch residues was used as a control. White mater-bi biodegradable mulch residues showed higher degradation rates up to 88.90% at 30 °C, and up to 69.15% at room temperature. Furthermore, incubation at 45 °C determines the absence of degradation for all types of mulch considered. Moreover, bacterial alpha diversity was primarily influenced by plastic type and temperature, while fungal populations were mainly affected by temperature. Beta diversity was impacted by all experimental variables. Predicted functional genes crucial for degrading complex substrates, including those encoding hydrolases, cutinases, cellobiosidases, and lipases, were derived from 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. Cluster analysis based on predicted enzyme-encoding gene abundance revealed two clusters, mainly linked to sampling time. Finally, core microbiome analysis identified dominant bacterial and fungal taxa in various soil-plastic ecosystems during degradation, pinpointing species potentially involved in plastic breakdown. The present study allows an assessment of how different temperatures affect the degradation of mulch residues in soil, providing important insights for different climatic growing zones. It also fills a gap in the literature by directly comparing the effects of biodegradable and polyethylene mulches on soil microbial communities.