bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiology and Characteristics of Burn Patients in Dr. Soedarso General Hospital during 2017 – 2020: Retrospective Study
Authors: Setiawan Doni , Haryono Winsen
Published: August 2021

Background: Burns are devastating injuries, often resulting in significant morbidity, impairment of emotional well-being, and experienced quality of life. The etiological factors of burn injuries is vary considerably in different communities and regions, hence the need for detailed epidemiological studies to understand the problem status in different regions.
Methods: A retrospective study of non-random consecutive sampling of medical records of Dr. Soedarso Regional Hospital in the period August 2017 – December 2020
Results: A total 108 samples were included in this study. There were 88 (81,5%)  male and 20 (18,5%) female; mostly adult (>18 years) 57 (52,8%). The etiology of burn injury was flame (35,2%), electrical (34,3%) and scald (30,6%). The most total body surface area (TBSA) of burns from 1-10%. The mortality rate was obtained by 8 (7.4%) respondents.
Conclusion: : Based on the results of this study, that the major proportion of burn patients were male  and in the age group of > 18 years old. Flame was the most leading cause of burn. Considering the size of the burn, it was revealed that the most TBSA of  burns was 1-10%.
Catalogue of Rose Gall, Herb Gall, and Inquiline Gall Wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) of the United States, Canada and Mexico
Authors: Nastasi Louis , Deans Andrew
Published: August 2021

Cynipidae (Hymenoptera: Cynipoidea) is a diverse group of wasps, many of which are capable of inducing plants to make galls, novel structures that protect and nourish the wasps' larvae. Other cynipids, especially those species in Ceroptresini and Synergini, are understood to be usurpers of galls made by other cynipids. The North American cynipid fauna has not been fully catalogued since 1979, but there is renewed interest in revising the taxonomy and in doing research that sheds light on the mechanisms of gall induction, the evolution of this life history, and their ecological interactions more broadly. Significant taxonomic changes have impacted the group since 1979, thereby warranting a new catalogue.

The current state of knowledge of species classified in Aulacideini, Ceroptresini, Diastrophini, Diplolepidini, Phanacidini and Synergini in the United States, Canada, and Mexico is summarised in catalogue format. We report 323 names, including 170 valid species of rose gall wasps, herb gall wasps, and inquiline gall wasps, classified in 12 genera, from the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Current taxonomic status, distribution, host associations, and vernacular names are listed for each species. The catalogue also includes the original description of galls for many species of gall-inducer, as well as atomised characterisations of different gall traits as key-value pairs. For most galling species without existing vernacular names, new vernacular names are proposed.
A further study of the nesting biology of Leptochilus (Neoleptochilus) regulus (de Saussure, 1855) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae)
Authors: Fateryga Alexander V. , Fateryga Valentina V.
Published: August 2021

Two females of Leptochilus regulus (de Saussure, 1855) were observed nesting in reed stalks of a Fabre’s hive serving as a block of trap nests in Crimea, with the timekeeping of all their nesting behaviours. The building material used by the females to separate the nesting cavity into the cells consisted of pellets of dry soil, gravel particles, and small fragments of tree bark, leaves, and thin stems. Females rapidly carried these items collected in 1.0–1.5 m from the nests. They bonded only the last portions of the building material in each “partition” with a very small amount of mud. An additional amount of unbonded building material items was deposited into the nest after sealing the last nest cell. Females hunted exclusively for small larvae of an anobiid beetle (Coleoptera, Anobiidae); they stored 19–37 prey items per cell. Hunting and provisioning occupied the largest portion of the females’ time budget. Duration of hunting flights was different between the females. The nests of both females contained three brood cells. Cocoons of Chrysis ragusae De Stefani, 1888 (Hymenoptera, Chrysididae) were found in the nests; females of this cuckoo wasp species were also recorded entering the host nests at the stage of provisioning, acting apparently as inquilines. The cocoon ultrastructure of L. regulus is illustrated and discussed.
Eupelmus messene Walker, 1839 and E. microzonus Förster, 1860 as parasitoids of Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834) (Hymenoptera, Eupelmidae, Cynipidae)
Authors: Gokhman Vladimir E. , Nikelshparg Matvey I.
Published: August 2021

In the southeast of European Russia, the gall wasp Aulacidea hieracii (Bouché, 1834) is attacked by ten parasitoid species, including Eupelmus (Eupelmus) microzonus Förster, 1860 and E. (Macroneura) messene Walker, 1839. Although both members of the genus Eupelmus Dalman, 1820 are idiobiont ectoparasitoids, they demonstrate different life-history strategies in respect to many bionomic features. Specifically, E. messene is represented by brachypterous thelytokous females which lay single eggs directly onto the host body. This species can parasitize both concealed and exposed larvae and pupae of A. hieracii, but fails to attack its primary parasitoids. On the contrary, arrhenotokous males and females of E. microzonus are fully winged. These parasitoids usually lay several eggs per host which are placed onto the wall of the host chamber and covered with a particular fibrous substance. E. microzonus never parasitizes pupae or exposed larvae, although it can readily attack concealed larvae of A. hieracii and its primary parasitoids. In addition, hibernating individuals of E. messene undergo obligatory larval diapause, but those of E. microzonus are able to develop without exposure to subzero temperatures. All these data collectively suggest that the former species is highly specialized to exploit A. hieracii as a host, whereas the latter one mostly exhibits the so-called morphotypical specialization. These different strategies allow E. messene and E. microzonus to coexist on the same host species, as a local specialist and a more or less evenly distributed generalist, respectively.
New Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Tersilochinae, Tryphoninae) from the Eastern Palaearctic region
Authors: Kasparyan Dmitri R. , Khalaim Andrey I.
Published: August 2021

In this study, we describe two remarkable species,Ctenochira arkadyiKasparyan,sp. nov.(Tryphoninae) from southern Siberia (Russia), andProbles arkadyiKhalaim,sp. nov.(Tersilochinae) from Japan. These two species are named in honour of our colleague and friend, an expert in Aculeata (Hymenoptera), Russian entomologist, Prof. Arkady Lelej, in honour of his 75thbirthday. The recently described European species,Ctenochira magnusiHaraldseide, 2018, is discovered from the Russian Far East; the male ofC. magnusiis recorded and described for the first time.
Spatial spread of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy using multiscale kinetic transport equations with uncertainty
Authors: Bertaglia Giulia ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Ferrara, Via Machiavelli 30, Ferrara 44121, Italy, Boscheri Walter , Dimarco Giacomo , Pareschi Lorenzo ,   Center for Modeling, Computing and Statistic (CMCS), University of Ferrara, Via Muratori 9, Ferrara 44121, Italy
Published: August 2021

In this paper we introduce a space-dependent multiscale model to describe the spatial spread of an infectious disease under uncertain data with particular interest in simulating the onset of the COVID-19 epidemic in Italy. While virus transmission is ruled by a SEIAR type compartmental model, within our approach the population is given by a sum of commuters moving on a extra-urban scale and non commuters interacting only on the smaller urban scale. A transport dynamics of the commuter population at large spatial scales, based on kinetic equations, is coupled with a diffusion model for non commuters at the urban scale. Thanks to a suitable scaling limit, the kinetic transport model used to describe the dynamics of commuters, within a given urban area coincides with the diffusion equations that characterize the movement of non-commuting individuals. Because of the high uncertainty in the data reported in the early phase of the epidemic, the presence of random inputs in both the initial data and the epidemic parameters is included in the model. A robust numerical method is designed to deal with the presence of multiple scales and the uncertainty quantification process. In our simulations, we considered a realistic geographical domain, describing the Lombardy region, in which the size of the cities, the number of infected individuals, the average number of daily commuters moving from one city to another, and the epidemic aspects are taken into account through a calibration of the model parameters based on the actual available data. The results show that the model is able to describe correctly the main features of the spatial expansion of the first wave of COVID-19 in northern Italy.
Quand la calligraphie se fait avec l’usage de la bouche : transfert technique d’une compétence d’expertise
Authors: Chabert Anne-Lyse
Published: August 2021

L’auteur travaille sur le cas d’un individu tétraplégique qui a transféré sa technique de calligraphie d’un savoir-faire ordinaire, qu’il pratiquait avant son accident en utilisant les mains et les bras, à un savoir-faire exécuté différemment, où il utilise les mouvements de la tête afin de peindre avec la bouche. Il réalise la même tâche, dans un cadre adapté aux compétences motrices que lui permet désormais sa condition physique. On retrouve ici un mouvement d’expertise et même de créativité (créativité de l’agencement des moyens à sa disposition, mais aussi du cadre où l’individu va les exercer, soit la niche écologique qu’il choisit d’habiter). La situation de handicap est génératrice de nouveaux équilibres qui ne s’appuient pas nécessairement sur un ajout extérieur de ressources utilisables.
Le « trompe-l’œil » des beaux-arts : la formation des dessinateurs au xviiie siècle
Authors: Morvan Becker Frédéric
Published: August 2021

Les écoles gratuites de dessin créées en France au xviiie siècle doivent être envisagées sous l’angle de leur utilité, seule raison de leur création, seule justification de leur financement par l’État et seule garantie de leur pérennité. Ces écoles académiques étaient destinées à offrir aux jeunes artistes, artisans et ouvriers des manufactures une formation théorique de dessin, un apprentissage de la copie, seul instrument de reproduction avant l’invention de procédés mécaniques ou chimiques, dans le but d’améliorer la qualité de leurs productions, ceci dans le contexte d’une concurrence commerciale européenne. Au-delà des beaux-arts, longtemps considérés comme leur débouché principal, de nouveaux débouchés s’offrent aux élèves aussi bien dans les ateliers de gravure que dans les bureaux des services publics (bâtiments, travaux publics, manufactures royales) ou les agences d’architectes. Si la plupart des élèves ne quittent jamais le milieu de l’artisanat provincial, un certain nombre d’entre eux, soigneusement repérés et formés, deviennent des collaborateurs qualifiés, des dessinateurs que l’on n’appelle pas encore des « techniciens ».
Former les jeunes au dessin sur support céramique : capitalisation des connaissances et action sociale au sein de la fabrique Collinot & Cie
Authors: Pasdelou Sabine
Published: August 2021

Cette étude porte sur la collaboration entre l’ornemaniste-théoricien Adalbert de Beaumont et le céramiste Eugène Collinot, qui fondent une faïencerie en 1863. Les deux hommes transmettent leurs connaissances selon des projets qui correspondent à leur sensibilité et à leurs compétences techniques en s’adressant à des publics variés. Beaumont redéfinit les fonctionnalités de l’ornement et du dessin selon un schème social issu de ses théories sur les arts décoratifs. La souscription de son recueil d’ornements par l’État lui permet de transmettre ses modèles à plusieurs écoles d’art industriel de province. Collinot se concentre quant à lui sur la formation locale de jeunes apprentis orphelins ou indigents qu’il initie au dessin sur support céramique au sein de son « école d’apprentissage mutuel de l’enfance pour la céramique », créée en 1867. Cet article met ainsi l’accent sur les enjeux sociaux de leurs projets qui s’inscrivent dans un contexte de revivification de l’art industriel français.
« Un bon horloger est à la fois un savant et un artiste »
Authors: Dequidt Marie-Agnès
Published: August 2021

L’horlogerie parisienne, entre le milieu du xviiie siècle et celui du xixe, est une production dont l’aspect esthétique est primordial. Se pose donc la question du contenu de la formation des horlogers, alors même que les structures d’organisation du métier évoluent. L’ouvrier doit rester dans son rôle manuel d’habile fabricant, le maître ou le patron doit être capable de concevoir les objets, de maîtriser une technique particulièrement rigoureuse, au moins d’après les textes des horlogers. Si les domaines de connaissance requise sont nombreux (mathématique, géométrie, physique…), la place de la formation artistique est difficile à déceler dans les écrits-programmes. La notion d’artiste est alors aussi à interroger.
Du dessin de fabrique à la formation des dessinateurs : des techniciens entre art et industrie (xviiie-xixe siècles)
Authors: Millet Audrey
Published: August 2021

S’exonérer des taxinomies sociales ordinaires à propos de l’activité de dessinateur suppose de se garder de trois écueils, respectivement historiographique, documentaire et ethnologique. Il faut d’abord s’éloigner des oppositions binaires reprises par l’historien trop pressé : art/industrie, artiste/artisan, art libéral/art mécanique, dessin d’art/dessin technique. De ce point de vue, la formation technique des dessinateurs, personnel essentiel dans la compétition entre les manufacturiers, contribue par son institutionnalisation à la codification du métier de dessinateur. Mobiliser des sources continûment oubliées dans les réserves des musées permet ensuite de renouveler avec profit les perspectives, à la rencontre complexe de l’art, de la technique et de l’économie – et de leurs propres redéfinitions dans le travail d’esquisse et de mise en carte. Le caractère changeant du goût et des objets contraint à un apprentissage dans lequel la répétition du geste est une chorégraphie du dessinateur à la fois routinière et créatrice. À l’atelier, en école ou en manufacture, la première industrialisation épuise autant le geste que l’institution.
Définir un outil simple : notion universelle ou contextuelle ?
Authors: Chauvière François-Xavier , Joye Catherine
Published: August 2021

La notion d’outillage simple vs complexe est discutée et confrontée à des ensembles d’artefacts osseux ou en roches tenaces issus de sites palafittiques néolithiques. En abordant les outils selon plusieurs angles (niveaux de compétence, investissement technique, longueurs et fragmentation spatio-temporelle des chaînes opératoires de transformation et d’utilisation), on montre que cette notion, loin d’être universelle, doit être abordée au cas par cas, en fonction du contexte et de la composition des corpus archéologiques.
The Difficult Joining of Theory and Empirical Research
Authors: Mangone Emiliana
Published: August 2021

Many approaches to the study of the social sciences rely on the interpretation of reality itself, giving rise to the quantitative/qualitative dispute. These methods cannot exist one without the other – nor can they necessarily find themselves on opposite poles. To follow one does not mean to forsake the other; on the contrary, both offer the opportunity to observe from different angles aspects of the phenomenon investigated, granting more effective readings of its complexity. While sociology has reproduced its various stances in its scholarly analyses, the most recent debate has relinquished this debate to focus on two alternative features. Both pertain to sociology and the role of social science researchers: the conjugation between theory and empirics and the crisis of sociology in providing answers to societal changes. This contribution aims to address the issues related to the conjugation between theory and empirical research considering digital research methods. The author outlines their strengths and weaknesses without forgetting the original status of sociology as a science.
Doing Web Surveys During Uncertain Times
Authors: Punziano Gabriella , Addeo Felice , Velotti Lucia
Published: August 2021

The chapter will focus on using a web survey administered using social networks as a gathering point to collect data on people's risk perception and their undertaking of protective behaviors during the Italian COVID-19 crisis. This was an unprecedented moment in the digital age when there was no possibility of physical contact due to the limitations imposed on coexistence by the health emergency to stem the spread of the virus. This is when digital connections are the only link among people, and the only tool that can be used for doing social research is trying to satisfy the desire for knowledge without limiting the potential for knowledge production even in times of profound uncertainty and several limitations. Analyzing the participants' feedback on web surveys during times of deep uncertainty allows the authors to show what is clearly happening to social research currently. The discussions will be supported by an auto-ethnography conducted on comments left by the respondents to the survey.
Criticalities and Advantages of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Research
Authors: Molano Jessica Camargo , Molano Jacopo Cavalaglio Camargo
Published: August 2021

In recent years, artficial intelligence, through the rapid development of machine learning and deep learning, has started to be used in different sectors, even in academic research. The objective of this study is a reflection on the possible errors that can occur when the analysis of human behavior and the development of academic research rely on artificial intelligence. To understand what errors artificial intelligence can make more easily, three cases have been analyzed: the use of the IMPACT system for the evaluation of school system in the District of Columbia Public Schools (DCPS) in Washington, the face detection system, and the “writing” of the first scientific text by artificial intelligence. In particular, this work takes into consideration the systematic errors due to the polarization of data with which the machine learning models are trained, the absence of feedback and the problem of minorities who cannot be represented through the use of big data.
Tales of Love and Pandemic
Authors: Cantale Claudia
Published: August 2021

The main argument of the chapter is the analysis of the reading and writing behaviour on Wattpad during the phases of lockdown in Italy for the COVID-19 pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic represents the first great event of ‘data society' reactions making several authors reflect on various aspects and thoughts about social impact of tech ecosystems. Nowadays, it becomes essential to understand the role that digital technologies and media have had to soothe feelings related to social isolation and physical distancing measures. Thus, as widely acknowledged, besides providing data for social research in many aspects of life, the digital context also suggests above all innovated methods enforced by the physical distancing. This research has explored about 600 stories edited on Wattpad that have been selected through the query “Covid.” The aim of the analysis is to map collective imaginary of users about the COVID-19 pandemic within a digital medium for fanfiction, combining three fundamental approaches of digital methods.
The Walkthrough Method
Authors: Cavagnuolo Michela , Capozza Viviana , Matrella Alfredo
Published: August 2021

Nowadays the social scientists are called to integrate within their studies new tools that modify and innovate the scientist's typical toolbox. Digital platforms, media, and especially apps pose further challenges to social scientists today, as they are an important place of significant socio-cultural, economic, health, relationships, and entertainment transformations. When studying digital technologies, in fact, it's important to pay attention to both their socio-cultural representations and technological aspects – since even design and data outputs have social and cultural influences. In this context, new research questions arise; among all the possible tools in the digital method toolbox, the walkthrough method is a noteworthy way to answer them. Starting from these considerations, this chapter aims to analyze, through a review of the literature, the birth and development of the walkthrough method in its various meanings to identify the innovative aspects and fields of application.
Mapping the Mappers
Authors: De Chiara Francesca , Napolitano Maurizio
Published: August 2021

Volunteered geographic information (VGI) platforms generate crowdsourced layers where a vast amount of shared and shareable geo-information is available. Monitoring the informative reliability of these sources is an important task, and the main VGI project, OpenStreetMap is a good testing ground to investigate how the collective intelligence made of users' networks creates public knowledge. OpenStreetMap (OSM) can be defined as a language of representation of real geographical entities shared as web maps. Mappers often work in solitude, but they stick to and strictly respect the rules given by their community. The aim is to create a geographical database used by anyone for any purpose. The chapter explores the following questions: How many contributors are there? Where are they and what do they collect? What are the interactions between them? The chapter illustrates what can be read from the OSM data, the available tools, and what could help researchers to understand this community.
Unveiling Network Data Patterns in Social Media
Authors: Vitale Maria Prosperina , Catone Maria Carmela , Primerano Ilaria , Giordano Giuseppe
Published: August 2021

The present study focuses on the usefulness of social network analysis in unveiling network patterns in social media. Specifically, the propagation and consumption of information on Twitter through network analysis tools are investigated to discover the presence of specific conversational patterns in the derived online data. The choosing of Twitter is motivated by the fact that it induces the definition of relationships between users by following communication flows on specific topics of interest and identifying key profiles who influence debates in the digital space. Further lines of research are discussed regarding the tools for discovering the spread of fake news. Considerable disinformation can be generated on social networks, offering a complex picture of informational disorientation in the digital society.
Mining Flickr to Better Understand Tourist Behavior
Authors: Brandano Maria Giovanna , Iovino Ludovico , Mantegazzi Daniele
Published: August 2021

The aim of this chapter is to present an automated instrument collecting the enormous amount of information available online allowing urban planners, public administrations, tourism services suppliers, and researchers to easily understand the spatial and temporal distribution of tourist behaviors towards tourist attractions in a specific area. Geo-located photos provided by Flickr are used to identify points of interest (POIs). The developed application has been tested with data automatically retrieved and collected in L'Aquila province (Italy) during the years 2005-2018. Given the richness of information, these data are able to show how POIs changed over time and how tourists reacted to the 2009 earthquake. Results demonstrate the importance of using analytics and big data in tourism research. Moreover, by using the province of L'Aquila as pilot study, it emerges that tourist behaviors change over time and space, varying among different typologies of tourists: residents, domestic, and international visitors.
Evaluating and Exploring Successful Disruptive Innovation in the Aviation Industry From the Perspective of Consumers
Authors: Seo Gang-Hoon
Published: August 2021

Since Southwest Airlines' disruptive innovation was introduced, low-cost carriers (LCCs) have had a prominent impact on the aviation industry. Therefore, considerable attention has been paid to the LCC model. However, it is still not clear whether it is a successful disruptive innovation, or what factors and differentiation points for successful LCC service exist from the passengers' perspective. As this study's methodology, quantitative and qualitative content analyses are conducted using the word-of-mouth data of 1,854 passengers of 20 airlines. This study found that the LCC model is perceived as a successful disruptive innovation from the passengers' point of view. For successful LCC service, LC airlines should offer higher quality services than passengers' expectations using basic service elements. Also, good staff characteristics, leaving a professional impression, and providing good optional services could play a role as differentiation tools.
The Role of Multimedia in Developing Middle School Students' Reading Comprehension and Creative Thinking Skills
Authors: Nada Hanaa Mohamed Mohamed
Published: August 2021

This research examined the effect of multimedia on developing reading comprehension and creative thinking skills of English language among second year middle school students. Forty participants were randomly selected from Hala Middle School, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt in the academic year 2019-2020. This study was conducted according to the pre-test- and post-test-based two group quasi-experimental model. Therefore, the participants were randomly divided into two groups (20 each). One group was selected as experimental group and the other as control group. The experimental group was taught using the multimedia while the control group received regular teaching. According to the results, the students supported by the multimedia were more successful than students supported only by traditional teaching method. Therefore, the multimedia positively affected developing reading comprehension and creative thinking skills among EFL students. Finally, the use of the multimedia increased the students' motivation in learning EFL.
Community Forest and Rural Household Dependency in Mining Region
Authors: Sahoo Minati
Published: August 2021

The present paper attempts to analyse the households' dependency on community forest for their livelihood and food security in the mining region of Odisha. Mining has caused the highest forest-land loss in Odisha. Using z-test, f-test, and t-test, it has been found that extraction of minerals has not only caused shifting of livelihood from forest-based to mining related work but also has significantly reduced the dependence of households on forest products for consumption. In addition, it has reduced the contribution of forest to food security as calorie intake from forest food is significantly less in mining households than their non-mining counterparts. As the life span of a mine is finite, what will happen when the mines close? Thus, this calls for a policy intervention to carry out mining operations in a sustainable manner so that natural resources like forest are not sacrificed for short-term economic gains.
Public and Private Institutional Elements for Inclusive and Sustainable Development
Authors: Patluang Kritsada
Published: August 2021

This article contributes to sustainable development literature by extending the investigation on diversified public and private institutional elements and the link between them and a broader spectrum of inclusive and sustainable features. The study utilizes the World Economic Forum's data of related variables for 30 developed countries. The countries are competitively ranked based on the quality of each of the above institutional and development elements. Then, nonparametric Spearman's rank correlation tests are performed for the pairs of each institutional and respective development constituent. The assumption behind the tests is that a country with better qualities of institutional factors is also in a position with higher levels of inclusive and sustainable development. Significant positive associations are found for most of the institutional factors, and employment and eco-adjusted savings elements while significant negative relationships are found for most of the institutional factors and poverty, Gini coefficient (inequality), and carbon intensity elements.
Dreaming during lockdown: a quali-quantitative analysis of the Italian population dreams during the first COVID-19 pandemic wave
Authors: Borghi Lidia , Bonazza Federica , Lamiani Giulia , Musetti Alessandro , Manari Tommaso , Filosa Maria , Quattropani Maria C. , Lenzo Vittorio , Freda Maria Francesca , Lemmo Daniela , Saita Emanuela , Cattivelli Roberto , Castelnuovo Gianluca , Vegni Elena , Franceschini Christian
Published: August 2021

This study aims to explore the emotional experiences related to the lockdown during the first pandemic wave, analysing the dreams of the Italian population. Through an online survey spread throughout the country, participants completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21), the Resilience Scale (RS) and were asked to narrate a dream they had during the lockdown. The dreams were qualitatively analysed through the thematic content analysis. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to verify the relationship among the categories that emerged and between these categories and the DASS-21 and RS scores. In the dreams 8 categories were identified (Places, Characters, Relationships, Actions, Danger, Death, Processes, and Emotions) composed of specific sub-categories, which seem to compose a sort of narrative structure of the dream. Some sub-categories were found to be predictor of depression and resilience or with exposure to COVID-19. Dreams can be a valid tool both to understand the experiences of the population during the pandemic and to evaluate those at risk of developing distress in clinical practice.
Analysis of outcome in two different dressing techniques of surgical incisions at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shah Dharmendra K. , Patel Bhavin H. , Baria Manish D. , Vaghani Tejas B.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Study is conducted to compare surgical site infections (SSIs) at 30 days in early and delayed dressing removal in primary closure of clean and clean contaminated surgical incisions. Also to compare pain, duration of postoperative hospital stay, and cost of dressing in both groups. Study result may change the technique of dressing and reduce the cost of dressing, pain, and hospital stay for patients after surgery.

Materials and Methods:

This is a Single center, prospective randomized controlled study including 200 patients divided into two groups at tertiary care hospital. Study included patients aged above 15 years who need surgical intervention with abdominal incision. Study compares results of early and delayed dressing removal in laparotomy surgery with clean and clean contaminated wounds.

Results:

The study shows no significant difference in outcome in relationship to age of these two Groups A and B (P = 0.94). P value for superficial SSI is 0.76, which is statistically insignificant. P value for deep SSI is 0.71, which is also statistically insignificant. Fisher's exact test for SSI with burst abdomen showed P = 1.0, which is insignificant. By applying t test to data in relationship to pain, we find P < 0.001, which is highly significant. With the use of Chi square test, P value for postoperative hospital stay is 0.03, which is statistically significant. The mean cost of dressing is significantly lower in GroupA than in GroupB (P < 0.0001).

Conclusion:

SSI is same in both early and delayed dressing removal in primary closure of surgical incisions. There are no significant changes in terms of superficial and deep SSIs and burst abdomen, following early dressing removal. Moreover, the duration of hospital stay is significantly lower in patients with early dressing removal as compared to conventional dressing removal of incision following surgery. Postoperative pain and cost of dressing are also reduced in early dressing removal compared to delayed dressing removal of primary incision closure following surgery. As early dressing removal reduces pain and cost of dressing, it can be applied in routine clean and clean contaminated surgical incisions.
India in Second Coronavirus Disease-2019 Pandemic Emergency
Authors: Vyas Tarun
Published: August 2021

In a number of countries, coronavirus disease-2019 is a second pandemic that is progressing fast. When it comes to diseases in India, the rate of spread is incredibly high. There has been a slowdown in the use of multifaceted strategies to some extent. Sadly, the disease is advancing rapidly in India despite all efforts. The objective of this review is to evaluate critically the strategies adopted by the Indian Government to address this second pandemic and to propose appropriate strategies for the current context mainly through the 5 T approach (Trace, Track, Test, Treat, and Technology). Local governments have begun to implement disease containment measures, but to explain the need for a mask, a social divergence, stop mass meetings, voluntary quarantines, and testing, the federal government has an essential role to play.
Management of Gingival Pigmentation using Laser Depigmentation Technique
Authors: Singh Dhirendra Kumar , Mandal Arnab
Published: August 2021

Gingival hyperpigmentation can be defined as a darker gingival color beyond what is normally expected. Several by-products of the physiological process such as melanin, oxyhemoglobin, carotene, reduced hemoglobin, and iron and/or pathological diseases and conditions are most commonly the contributors of pigmentation. Either it can be due to melanin pigmentation results produced by melanoblasts or environmental risk factors such as tobacco smoking. Pigmentation of the gingiva not just has an impact on esthetics and may range from physiologic reasons (e.g. racial pigmentation) to manifestations of systemic illnesses (e.g. Addison's disease) to malignant neoplasms (e.g. melanoma and Kaposi's sarcoma). Therefore, an insight understanding is necessary of the cause for mucosal pigmentation before planning the treatment. Gingival depigmentation can be achieved using a wide range of procedures, i.e. depigmentation such as bur abrasion, scraping, cryotherapy, electrosurgery, and laser. In the present case report, a laser depigmentation technique was used which is simple and yields good results along with good patient satisfaction.
Zosteriform Herpes Simplex Infection of V3 Dermatome
Authors: Meshram Mrunal G. , Bhowate Rahul R. , Lohe Vidya , Mohod Swapnil C. , Madke Bhushan S.
Published: August 2021

Human herpesviruses are prevalent DNA viruses that can cause various orofacial diseases. Diagnosis of herpes simplex virus-induced oral diseases is usually based on the clinical presentation and on the medical history. We hereby present a case of zosteriform herpes simplex infection in an immunocompetent male.
A rare association of congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles with keratoconus and bilateral sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Singh Anupam , Shrinkhal  , Subramanian Kavya , Juneja Aarzoo , Saini Aditi , Kumar Barun
Published: August 2021

Congenital fibrosis of extraocular muscles (CFEOM) is an inherited restrictive ocular motility disorder characterized by unilateral or bilateral horizontal and/or vertical gaze impairment with ptosis. Keratoconus is a bilateral asymmetrical corneal ecstatic disease with multifactorial etiology, including complex interaction of both genetic and environmental factors. We report a case of a 29-year-old female who presented with chief complaints of bilateral diminution of vision and drooping of eyelids since early childhood with a history of seizures for 1 year. Visual acuity at presentation was hand movement close to face with accurate projection of rays in both the eyes. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of the brain and orbit revealed partially empty sella, neurocysticercosis, and bilateral atrophy of extraocular muscles. On detailed examination, she was found to have CFEOM type 1A (CFEOM1A, autosomal dominant inheritance) with bilateral advanced keratoconus, bilateral sensorineural hearing loss, bilateral presenile cataract, and neurocysticercosis. The association of CFEOM1A, keratoconus, and sensorineural hearing loss is not reported in the literature to date. Whether this association is co-incidental or part of some new syndrome needs to be evaluated further.
Vision rehabilitation in elderly patients aged 80 years or over
Authors: da Silva Nadine Fernandes , Fernandes Luciene Chaves , Kanadani Fabio Nishimura
Published: August 2021

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to investigate the epidemiological profile and prescription of optical, nonoptical, and electronic devices in the elderly aged 80 years or older, in a low-vision rehabilitation center in Belo Horizonte, Brazil.

Methods:

This is a retrospective, observational, descriptive study held in a low-vision rehabilitation center in Belo Horizonte, from 1992 to 2016. A total of 448 medical records were analyzed and 375 (83.7%) were included. Age, gender, occupation, diagnosis, ocular and systemic diseases associated, best-corrected visual acuity, refractive error, goal to be achieved, optical, nonoptical, and electronic devices, and visual hallucination were considered.

Results:

Of the 375 medical record evaluated, 310 (82.6%) cases were of patients aged 80–89 years old, 218 cases (58.1%) were female and 262 cases (69.8%) were of retired patients. The age-related macular degeneration was the most prevalent disease, 296 (78.9%), followed by glaucoma in 31 patients (8.2%) and diabetic retinopathy in 9 (2.4%). Low myopia was the most prevalent refractive error, present in 148 (39.4%). A severe visual loss occurred in 145 patients (38.6%) while reading was the main goal, with 339 cases (90.4%). Optical and/or electronic devices were prescribed to 361 patients (96.2%), in a total of 418 optical and 66 electronic devices. Among the electronic devices, video magnifiers (CCTV) were indicated for 37 patients (9.8%) and handheld electronic magnifiers for 29 patients (7.7%). Visual hallucinations were reported in 11 cases (2.9%).

Conclusions:

This study shows that vision rehabilitation is possible in the elderly.
On the nature of Hawking’s incompleteness for the Einstein-vacuum equations: The regime of moderately spatially anisotropic initial data
Authors: Rodnianski Igor , Speck Jared
Published: August 2021

In the mathematical physics literature, there are heuristic arguments, going back three decades, suggesting that for an open set of initially smooth solutions to the Einstein-vacuum equations in high dimensions, stable, approximately monotonic curvature singularities can dynamically form along a spacelike hypersurface. In this article, we study the Cauchy problem and give a rigorous proof of this phenomenon in sufficiently high dimensions, thereby providing the first constructive proof of stable curvature-blowup (without symmetry assumptions) along a spacelike hypersurface as an effect of pure gravity. Our proof applies to an open subset of regular initial data satisfying the assumptions of Hawking’s celebrated “singularity” theorem, which shows that the solution is geodesically incomplete but does not reveal the nature of the incompleteness. Specifically, our main result is a proof of the dynamic stability of the Kasner curvature singularity for a subset of Kasner solutions whose metrics exhibit only moderately (as opposed to severely) spatially anisotropic behavior. Of independent interest is our method of proof, which is more robust than earlier approaches in that (i) it does not rely on approximate monotonicity identities and (ii) it accommodates the possibility that the solution develops very singular high-order spatial derivatives, whose blowup-rates are allowed to be, within the scope of our bootstrap argument, much worse than those of the base-level quantities driving the fundamental blowup. For these reasons, our approach could be used to obtain similar blowup-results for various Einstein-matter systems in any number of spatial dimensions for solutions corresponding to an open set of moderately spatially anisotropic initial data, thus going beyond the nearly spatially isotropic regime treated in earlier works.
Uniform boundary controllability and homogenization of wave equations
Authors: Lin Fanghua , Shen Zhongwei
Published: August 2021

We obtain sharp convergence rates, using Dirichlet correctors, for solutions of wave equations in a bounded domain with rapidly oscillating periodic coefficients. The results are used to prove the exact boundary controllability that is uniform in

\varepsilon

(the scale of the microstructure) for the projection of solutions to the subspace generated by the eigenfunctions with eigenvalues less than

C\varepsilon^{-2/3}

.
Assessment of the anterior superior alveolar nerve and its impact on surgery of the lateral nasal wall
Authors: Machado A. , Briner H.R. , Schuknecht B. , Simmen D.
Published: August 2021

Background: The anterior superior alveolar nerve (ASAN) plays a major role in innervation of the lateral nasal wall. Its damage during nasal surgery can cause dental paraesthesia and numbness around the upper lip. Methodology: Retrospective evaluation of the computed tomographic (CT) scans of 50 consecutive patients analysing 100 sides. We measured the mean distance from the shoulder of the inferior turbinate to the descending portion of the anterior superior alveolar nerve, to the anterior superior alveolar canal and the anterior-posterior distance between the “shoulder” of the inferior turbinate and the pyriform aperture. Results: The mean distance from the shoulder of the inferior turbinate to the descending portion of the anterior superior alveolar nerve was 6.4 ± 2.33 mm, with no difference between sides The mean relative height of the shoulder in relation to the anterior superior alveolar nerve canal was 4.78± 2.31mm with no significant difference between the two sides. The anterior-posterior distance between the “shoulder” of inferior turbinate and the pyriform aperture was 6.96± 2.28mm, with no significant difference between the two sides. Conclusions: We found the anterior superior alveolar nerve to be a constant landmark in the lateral nasal wall. Therefore, the course of the ASAN should be assessed on a CT scan when a surgical approach through the pyriform aperture or anterior medial wall of the maxillary sinus is planned.
Profile of Victims of Neighbourhood Crimes in Ghanaian Cities
Authors: Bagson Ernest , Owusu Adobea , Owusu George , Wrigley-Asante Charlotte , Oteng-Ababio Martin
Published: August 2021

Generally, urban crime research in Ghana is non-ambiguous on the socio-cultural, political economy and environmental ramifications of neighbourhood crimes in emerging cities, but the personal and neighbourhood level characteristics of the most likely victims of neighbourhood crime in Ghanaian cities remain meagre. This paper fills the gap in knowledge by answering the question ‘who/where is the most likely victim of crime in urban Ghana?’ This study employed a sequential mixed methods approach to collect data through the administration of a household survey, as well as focus group discussion (FDG) sessions. The survey data were analysed using binary logistic regression while the qualitative data were analysed using thematic analysis. The study found that socio-demographic characteristics, which are associated with a higher likelihood of victimisation, include young unemployed persons, residents of a detached or ‘self-contained’ apartment, household of increasing household size, residents of neighbourhoods with less police visibility and residents of unsafe neighbourhoods. Cognisance of the limited capacity of the Ghana Police Service, this study recommends the need for the Ghana Police Service to consider neighbourhood demographic characteristics in their efforts to enhance distributive justice in the provision of internal security.
The relevance of indigenous knowledge in conserving natural forests in the face of modernisation: The case of Makete District, Southern Highlands of Tanzania
Authors: Sanga Faraja
Published: August 2021

In pre-colonial Africa, Indigenous Knowledge (IK) was very effective in conserving natural forests because it was free from the current challenges. Therefore, this paper assesses effectiveness and sustainability of IK in conserving natural forests. It also examines the impact of modernisation on IK. The study employed mixed research methods to triangulate information. Thus, the data were collected through in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussions (FGDs), field observation and household survey. The study composed of 242 respondents, of whom 88 respondents participated in in-depth interview and FGDs, whereas 154 respondents participated in a household survey. The study found that IK lost its power hence affecting its effectiveness in conserving natural forests. Modernisation and missionary religion played a central role in weakening the power of IK. It was further found that the relevance and sustainability of IK was questionable because IK faces many challenges, which threaten its existence. Therefore, the study recommends that to ensure the sustainability of IK, there is a need for elders to transfer IK to young generation based on the local environment. It is also imperative for the government to take part in conserving forests owned by clans. This is because IK has lost the power, which contributed in conserving natural forests.
MAKİNE ÖĞRENMESİ ALGORİTMALARI İLE SATIŞ TAHMİNİ
Authors: NACAR Emine Nur , ERDEBİLLİ (B.D.ROUYENDEGH) Babek
Published: August 2021

Günümüz dijital dünyasında satın alma gittikçe arttığından veriler çok büyük boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Endüstrinin getirdiği kavramlardan en belirgini ise çok boyutluluk laneti olmuştur. Bu sebeple işletmeler satın alma kararlarını alırken büyük zorluk yaşamaktadır. Uzun ya da kısa vadede satış tahmininin doğru yapılamaması müşteri memnuniyetsizliği, para kaybı, ham madde ihtiyacı gibi birçok soruna yol açacaktır. Tedarik zinciri elemanlarından üretici, perakendeci, tedarikçi ve müşteriye kadar birçok taraf yanlış ya da eksik satış tahmininden zarar görebilir. Yapay zekâ çağının getirdiği yeniliklerden olan makine öğrenmesi de birçok mühendislik uygulamasının getirdiği sorunlara olduğu gibi satış tahmini problemlerine de hızlı şekilde cevap verebilecek bir alandır. Bu çalışmada uçtan uca bir makine öğrenmesi proje süreci ele alınmıştır. Herhangi bir makine öğrenmesi projesinin adımları ve veriye yaklaşım boyutu tanıtılmıştır. Uygulama bölümünde makine öğrenmesi algoritmalarından doğrusal regresyon, Ridge, Lasso, ElasticNet, K-en yakın komşu ve Rastgele Orman algoritmaları kullanılarak gerçek veri seti için bir satış tahmin modeli geliştirilmiştir. Geliştirilen modelde en düşük hatayı veren algoritma Rastgele Orman algoritması olmuştur.