bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TRADUÇÃO E ADAPTAÇÃO DO COGNITIVE RESERVE INDEX QUESTIONNAIRE (CRIq)
Authors: Ribeiro Teixeira Adriane , Domingos dos Santos Nicole , Dann Gamarra Mariana , Desgualdo Pereira Liliane
Published: April 2021

Introdução: A Reserva Cognitiva (RC) é a capacidade cerebral construída ao longo da vida e que pode minimizar os danos clínicos advindos de um processo degenerativo, tais como as demências. Apresenta relação com a neuroplasticidade cerebral e pode ser avaliada por meio de questionários. Um destes é o Cognitive Reserve Index questionnaire (CRIq). Objetivo: relatar o processo de tradução e adaptação cultural do CRIq. Métodos: o questionário, originalmente em italiano, foi traduzido para o português por dois tradutores independentes. A partir destas duas traduções foi elaborada uma versão em português. Esta versão foi retrotraduzida para o italiano, por outros dois tradutores e comparada ao instrumento original. A versão em português foi aplicada a 30 indivíduos, sendo solicitado que apontassem sugestões. Na sequência, o CRIq em português foi apreciado por especialistas, para que apontassem modificações. Resultados: Foram mantidos o mesmo número de questões do original, para a avaliação de atividades relativas a escolaridade, trabalho e tempo livre. Os indivíduos que responderam ao instrumento inicial eram de ambos os sexos, tinham de 19 a 73 anos (média 39,13±12,97 anos) com níveis sócio-econômicos e de escolaridade variados. Eles não sugeriam modificações. Houve correlação entre a  RC e a escolaridade (p=0,00). Os especialistas sugeriram termos para serem usados na seção tempo livre, devido às diferenças nas atividades de lazer na Itália e no Brasil. Conclusão: Foi concluída a tradução e adaptação semântica e de conteúdo do CRIq, sendo que o estudo inicial confirmou a rápida e prática aplicação do mesmo.
The Impact of Brand Equity of Global Pharmaceutical Companies on Prescriptions Decisions of Physicians in Jordan: The Moderating Role the Performance of Medical Representatives
Authors: AL-Ghanem Eyad Mustafa
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to identify the impact of the brand equity and its dimensions (brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality, and brand loyalty) of Global Pharmaceutical Companies on Prescriptions decisions of physicians in Jordan.The population of sample were the Jordanian physicians, the study tool was questionnaire, which was distributed to connivance sample (Physicians), the data was collected from (240) participants of study population, the data collected were analysed by using the Smart-PLS software.The study result is finding that statistically significant effect of the brand equity of global pharmaceutical companies on Prescriptions decisions of physicians in Jordan, and this effect was positiveGlobal pharmaceutical companies need to focus more on all study variables (dimensions of brand equity) because they have a role of enhancing the prescription decisions of physicians.
Reformas religiosas e a expansão do acesso à educação
Authors: Gomes Gustavo Kosienczuk , Salerno Soraia Chafic El Kfouri
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho estuda os movimentos históricos da religião cristã, comumente conhecidos como reforma e contrarreforma (expressão rejeitada por nós), e suas contribuições para a educação, considerando essencialmente a expansão do acesso a esta em sua forma sistematizada. O interesse é destacar as propostas e ações de cada lado, protestantes e católicos, e perceber de que maneira estes elementos contribuíram para que mais pessoas tivessem a oportunidade de ter contato com o conhecimento elaborado. A partir da trajetória histórica das concepções e organizações eclesiásticas, destacando experiências significativas do ponto de vista educacional, que, por vezes, eram essencialmente questões políticas. Objetivamos demonstrar as implicações educacionais que estes movimentos trouxeram ao longo da história até a chegada ao Brasil. A pesquisa se respalda numa vertente qualitativa, mediante procedimentos de pesquisa bibliográfica, usando como referenciais estruturantes os autores Hsia (2010), Lindberg (2001), Luzuriaga (1976) e Pereira (2012). Procuramos traçar as relações entre os movimentos religiosos e as ações políticas propostas com objetivos educacionais, seja pelo Estado ou pelas próprias igrejas, apoiados em historiadores que se debruçaram sobre o tema. Percebemos que as mudanças religiosas afetam e são afetadas pelo contexto político, pela visão da pessoa humana e de mundo.
Immunoglobulin G Immunity to Hepatitis A Virus in Liver Transplant Candidates: A Serosurvey from Iran
Authors: B Lankarani Kamran , Honarvar Behnam , Zahedroozegar Mohammad Hassan , Dehghan Alireza , Rouhezamin Mohammad Reza , Khorrami Mojdeh , Amiri Zadeh Fard Saeid , Seifi Vahid , Geramizadeh Bita , Salahi Heshmatollah , Nikeghbalian Saman , Shamsaeefar Alireza , Malek-Hosseini Sayed Ali
Published: April 2021

Background: Becoming infected with hepatitis A virus (HAV) is deadlier in patients with end-stage liver disease. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of chronic immunity to HAV in liver transplant (LT) candidates to determine whether HAV vaccination is necessary for them or not. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on adult LT candidates who were referred to the LT center of Shiraz, Iran. The patients were interviewed for filling the data collection forms. These forms consisted of demographic information, medical backgrounds, etiology of chronic liver disease, a model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, laboratory findings, and abdominal sonography report. Furthermore, a 3-cc blood sample was obtained from each patient, and anti-HAV IgG was detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using standard Diapro kits. Univariable and multivariable data analyses were performed using SPSS version 20. A P-value of less than 0.05 was considered the significant cutoff in regression analysis. Results: A total of 291 patients with a mean age of 47.73 ± 12.9 years were recruited in this study of whom, 197 (67.7%) patients were males, 237 (81.4%) were married, 229 (78.7%) were educated lower than 12 years, 250 (85.9%) were living in urban areas, and (221) 75.9% had access to sanitary water in their living area. anti-HAV IgG was detected in 269 (92.4%, 95% CI: 89.4 - 95.4%) patients. Multivariable analysis showed that lower knowledge of hepatitis A transmission routes (OR: 11.9, 95% CI: 1.39 - 101.8, P = 0.024), no waterpipe smoking (OR: 9.5, 95% CI: 1.6 - 55.5, P = 0.014), and older age (OR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1 - 1.24, P = 0.03) were the main predictors of HAV immunity, in sequence. Conclusions: Most LT candidates are HAV IgG positive, but due to the growing number of LT candidates and high mortality of HAV in non-immune cases, LT candidates should be checked for HAV IgG, especially younger or waterpipe smoking patients who are less immune. Also, all non-immune patients should be vaccinated against HAV, if possible.
Application of Selenium Nanoparticles on Sperm Quantity Indicators in Wistar Rat
Authors: Talebi Ebrahim , Ghazanfarpour Habibeh , Ghazanfarpoor Reyhane , Bouchentouf Salim , Khosravinezhad Maryam
Published: April 2021

Background: Antioxidant enzymes and selenium in semen plasma have vital effects on reducing lipid peroxidation of spermatozoid membrane in elderly organisms by preventing the destructive effects of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, the use of antioxidants and selenium is essential for normal testicular function and spermatogenesis. Methods: In this experimental study, 44 male Wistar rats aged 2.5 months (young) and 44 male Winstar rats aged 11 months (old) were separated into 4 groups of control, placebo, experimental 1 (0.2 mg/kg BW), and experimental 2 (0.4 mg/kg BW). Rats encountered weekly surgery after a week of receiving different treatments. Resection of their testes was used for histological studies. Results: The number of spermatocytes, spermatid, and spermatozoa in young and old rats increased during the study period. In young rats, the highest number of these cells remarked in the third and fourth weeks of the experiment using selenium nanoparticles (ranged from 165.3 to 285.3 × 106). For old rates, the highest number of the abovementioned cells observed in the second week of the experiment (ranged from 143.3 to 146.7 × 106). Variables of treatment, week, and age presented significant effects on the number of testicular germ cells. Also, applied treatments had no significant effect on the sperm quality characteristics of rats. The number of Sertoli and Leydig cells did not show a significant difference compared to the control group. The results showed a positive and highly significant correlation between spermatozoid, spermatocytes, and spermatocytes. The findings also indicated the same genetic and environmental effects on the traits. Therefore, any spermatocyte shift will have a direct influence on the spermatozoid. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that using selenium nanoparticles in young and old age groups in rats could improve testicular germ cells, especially in the old group. Therefore, with growing age and decreasing sperm quality, selenium nanoparticles can be used due to their positive effect on sperm parameters and their low health risk.
Plato on Forms, Predication by Analogy, and Kinds of Reality
Authors: Keena Justin W. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

I argue that Plato held a kinds of reality theory, not a degrees of reality theory, and that this position solves otherwise intractable problems about the Forms, notably the Third Man critique. These problems stem from the fact that Plato applied the same predicate bothto a Form (ness) and to its participants. Section I shows that this creates serious difficulties for the Forms, whether the predicate is taken in the same sense or in totally different senses. Section II presents the evidence that Plato had a third way of applying that predicate (namely, by analogy) which obviates those problems. Finally, section III explains how predication by analogy requires a kinds of reality theory, but is incompatible with a degrees of reality theory. Thus, Plato’s kinds of reality theory validates the third way of predication discussed in section II, which in turn solves the problems enumerated in section I.
What’s the Good of Perfected Passion?
Authors: Gibson Christopher-Marcus ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

I raise a difficulty for Thomas’s views on the passions I call the instrumentalizing problem: Can well-ordered passions contribute to good human activity beyond merely expressing or rendering more effective the independent work of intellect and will? If not, does that not raise the risk that we are merely handicapped angels? I develop a response by examining Thomas’s discussion of the filiae luxuriae, intellectual and volitional flaws arising from lust. I draw on Thomas’s understanding of one filia, blindness of mind, to help sketch an account of the good habits it opposes: the acquired virtue I term attentiveness and the corresponding Spiritual gift of understanding. These good habits, I argue, render their bearers responsive to natural and supernatural reasons that guide them in the conduct of life. By partly constituting these habits, well-ordered passion makes an indispensable contribution to human activity at its best.
Aquinas on Contrition and the Love of God
Authors: Flood Anthony T. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

St. Thomas Aquinas treats penance as both a sacrament and a virtue. In either form, penance’s principal human act is contrition—a willed sorrow for one’s sins and an intention to avoid future sins. A look at Aquinas’s understanding of penitential contrition reveals a complex interplay of the different objects of love, the gift of fear, and finally friendship with God. This article offers an analysis of Aquinas’s accounts of penance and contrition with respect to these key elements. I argue that contrition performs a fundamental role in countering, restoring, and safeguarding a proper ordering of love and attainment of the ultimate good of union with God. In short, contrition is the act that directly counters the interior disorder wrought by sin and provides an ongoing counter to the threat of additional disorder. Sin’s disorder is the aversion to God and conversion to self, while contrition involves the aversion to self and a conversion to God.
Self-determination, Democracy, Human Rights, and Migrants’ Rights
Authors: Brock Gillian ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

What weight should we place on self-determination, democracy, human rights and equality in an account of migration justice? Anna Stilz and Andrea Sangiovanni offer insightful comments that prompt us to consider such questions. In addressing their welcome critiques I aim to show how my account can help reduce migration injustice in our contemporary world. As I argue, there is no right to free movement across state borders. However, migrants do have rights to a fair process for determining their rights. Democratic communities should have scope to make many migration decisions, although there are constraints on that self-determination. The migration governance oversight arrangements I favor are compatible with core requirements of agency and responsiveness that are operative in mature democracies. In responding to concerns about objectionable power inequalities that often characterize temporary worker programs, I show why addressing these issues requires various institutional protections that are well enforced. Robust migration governance arrangements can assist in formulating defensible migration policies that we can implement here and now as we aim to reduce migration injustices in our current world.
We Need To Talk About Eva
Authors: Gambaudo Sylvie ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Lionel Shriver’s novel, We Need To Talk About Kevin fictionalises the experience of motherhood through a sensational storyline relating the events that led a teenager, Kevin, on a killing spree. Faced with the malevolence of her child, the narrator, Eva explores her internal conflicts, as her son’s perceived evilness leads her to acknowledge her ambivalence towards motherhood. Through the novel, the essay investigates how the construction and destruction of identity is inherently linked to a limitative social framework. The main protagonists’ non-conformist ambition leads them to encounter the limits of social signification, initially translated into an obsessive dedication to the de(con)struction of authority and ultimately to choose social self-effacement over empowerment.
Figurations of the Ecstatic
Authors: Dillard-Wright David D. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Descriptions of “aesthetic arrest,” those ecstatic moments that lift the common sense subject-object dichotomy, abound in Merleau-Ponty’s writings. These special experiences, found in both artistic and mystical accounts, arise from the daily life of ordinary perception. Such experiences enable the artist, philosopher, or mystic to overturn received categories and describe phenomena in a creative way; they become dangerous when treated as the sine qua non of aesthetic experience. Aesthetic arrest, though rare in consumer society, need not be overwhelmed by the flood of information and can still provide fresh glimpses into the world as lived.
Faulkner’s Tragic Fiction and the Impossibility of Theodicy
Authors: Pauley John ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

The details of evil will sink any attempt at theodicy. But details of evil are usually- or even necessarily- lost in the abstract discussions of evil in philosophical texts. Hence this essay looks at the details of tragic fiction, specifically in some stories by Faulkner. The initial analysis endeavors to show that fiction gets us closer to the reality of agency than philosophy and so it then gets us closer to the reality of the evils that haunt both individuals and cultures (the two cannot be adequately separated). Finally, the details of the evil analyzed reveal that human beings are actually capable of a self-destruction that annihilates the very grounds of human agency and identity: Faulkner’s tragic fiction reveals that self-destruction is written into the necessary components of agency and identity.
Body and Technology
Authors: Taylor Amy E. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Technology critique, as taken up by humanistic psychology, has remained grounded in late Heidegger. This critique has had little practical effect on the development of technology and everyday technology use. I postulate reasons for this, which include that this critique regards technology in general rather than specific technologies, overlooking the multistability of any particular technology. I then discuss a different humanistic, phenomenological ground for technology critique from the position that human beings are at home with technology, meaning that technology does not threaten disembodiment or disengagement with any other important components of humanity. I draw inspiration primarily from Don Ihde’s and Marshall McLuhan’s phenomenological, descriptive works on the ways human beings are shaped and extended by technology. I end with a discussion of embodied experience in cyberspace which serves as a model for new humanistic, phenomenological techno-critiques.
St. Thomas Aquinas’s Philosophical-Anthropology as a Viable Underpinning for a Holistic Psychology
Authors: DeRobertis Eugene M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In this article, the philosophical-anthropology of St. Thomas Aquinas is examined. In particular, the non-dualistic aspects of his anthropology are explicated and shown to have the potential to provide an underpinning for a holistic approach to psychology. In the course of this examination, parallels are drawn between Thomism and existential-phenomenology. The article concludes with an exploration of the ways in which a dialogue between existential-phenomenology and Thomism might benefit both traditions of thought, particularly as regards their relevance to metapsychology.
Morning Sickness and Gut Sociality
Authors: Neimanis Astrida ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Beginning with the idea that our bellybuttons specifically and our guts more generally are a good thing to think with, this paper proposes the idea of “gut sociality”—that is, a material-semiotic, posthumanist mode of responsivity between bodies that hovers in, around, and through the gut. In order to deepen our understanding of this notion, I provide a phenomenological sketch of morning sickness as one instance of gut sociality. To conclude, I propose that in order to accommodate new modes of being embodied in our twenty-first century world, a method of posthumanist feminist phenomenology should be further developed. This practice should draw upon science discourses, but consider both the risks and the promise of a biological turn.
What Kind of Saying is a Song?
Authors: Finn Geraldine ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This essay takes the risk of a formal adventure – both on and off the page – in order to do justice to the specificity of the event, the particular Saying, named ‘song.’ Written by ear to be (read aloud as) heard it has been explicitly composed for oral presentation to perform the ‘truth’ it tells. Taking Joni Mitchell’s rendering of ‘Answer Me’ as its inspiration and point of departure, reference, and return, and drawing on the work of and intellectual tradition associated with Nietzsche, Heidegger, Merleau-Ponty, Lacan, Irigaray, Nancy, and Derrida, for example, the essay explores the power of popular song in the spirit of song itself. Neither music nor philosophy, neither poetry nor prose, but something in between: mousikē-philosophy/philosophy-mousikē.
Touching The Boundary Mark
Authors: Rodier Kristin ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Th is paper explores the unique phenomenology of habit and temporality put forth in Beauvoir’s La Vieillesse. I situate her understanding of temporality in relation to her early work Pyrrhus and Cinéas. I extract her notion of a boundary marked future that decreases anticipation for the future and thus rigidifies habits (through an increased reliance on the past). In the final section I appropriate the notion of a boundary mark for a cultural phenomenology where we understand boundary marks as constituted by our understandings of ourselves in time and not through aging alone. This cultural boundary mark can be used to understand how societal prejudice operates at the level of lived temporality.
Unfit Women
Authors: Welsh Talia ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Feminist phenomenology has contributed significantly to understanding the negative impact of the objectification of women’s bodies. The celebration of thin bodies as beautiful and the demonization of fat bodies as unattractive is a common component of that discussion. However, when one turns toward the correlation of fat and poor health, a feminist phenomenological approach is less obvious. In this paper, previous phenomenological work on the objectification of women is paralleled to the contemporary encouragement to discipline one’s body in order to pursue better health. Similar ideologies of free choice in the face of bodily habits run through discussions of health and beauty. The paper uses the work of Merleau-Ponty and Beauvoir as well as the contemporary feminist phenomenologists Diaprose, Bartky, Bordo, Young, Grosz, and Carel to explore how women are constrained by health testing and health normalization. It argues that despite the apparent benefits of a focus on modifying health habits, feminists have good reason to be wary of the good health imperative.
Phenomenological Insights into Oppression
Authors: DeRoo Neal ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

Drawing on phenomenology’s account of “passive synthesis,” this paper seeks to provide a phenomenological vocabulary that could be useful in explaining institutional oppression to those who find it difficult to understand that we can be responsible for acts and meanings that we do not intend. Though the main goal of the paper is to justify the use of the terminology of passive synthesis in the discourse on oppression, the paper ends by suggesting how employing passive synthesis in this manner suggests ways of combating oppression.
The Poetics of Childbearing
Authors: Giguere Stacy ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

With the ascent of obstetrics, gynecology, and psychoanalysis, the childbearing woman’s subjectivity has been increasingly eclipsed by that of her child-to-be. This article describes the sociohistorical understanding of childbearing and shows how it has become intertwined with four women’s lived experiences of pregnancy and birth based on diaries and interviews they completed for this study. The participants’ childbearing experiences revealed an ambiguous, sensual symbiosis between themselves and others that threatens the Western notion of a free-floating, solipsistic subject exemplified in fetal photographs and ultrasound images.
“I’m Already Torn”
Authors: Finlay Linda , Payman Barbara ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

In this case study we have used a relational-centred, existential-phenomenological approach to explore the lived world of a woman – Mia - who has experienced a traumatic abortion. We offer an account of her story, followed by an explication of emergent existential themes: ‘Feeling Torn’, ‘Cutting Shame’ and ‘Monstrous (M)othering’. Trauma associated with abortion is found to be complex, layered and enduring. We present examples of our own reflexive writings and supervision extracts to illustrate how our relational stance within the methodology helped deepen the exploration of Mia’s experience.
When the Worst Imaginable Becomes Reality
Authors: Janzen Katherine J. , Melrose Sherri ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: April 2021

This article describes findings from a qualitative study that investigated the lived experiences of four mothers recovering from crack cocaine addictions who lost custody of their children. The project was guided by feminist interpretive inquiry, van Manen’s approach to hermeneutic phenomenology, and involved thematic analysis of in depth interview data. By telling the stories of these women and using their own words as well as interpretive poetry written by one of the authors to describe their suffering, our research offers important insights to professionals involved in the field of addictions.
Defining Populism and Fascism Relationally
Authors: James Paul ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2021

What is the relationship between right-wing populism and contemporary fascism? How has fascism changed since the 1920s? And how do the answers to these questions concern a global shift that can be called the Great Unsettling—including a postmodern fracturing of prior modern ‘certainties’ about the nature of subjectivity, political practice and meaning, deconstructing the consequences of ‘truth’? This essay seeks to respond to these questions by first going back to foundational issues of defnition and elaborating the meaning of populism and fascism in relation to their structural ‘moving parts’. Using this alternative scaffolding, the essay argues that right-wing populism and an orientation to postmodern fascism represented by Donald Trump and Jair Bolsonaro have converged. The context of this convergence is a globalizing shift that now challenges democratic politics.
Vico and Populism
Authors: Isaacs Rico ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2021

This essay brings Italian political philosopher Giambattista Vico’s thought to bear on the issue of contemporary populism. Contemporary populism can be refected in Vico’s cyclical philosophy of the three ages of civilisation: the divine, heroic and human ages (corso e ricorso). Contemporary populism represents a return to the barbarism of the heroic age through the descent into individualism and private interest, the return of divinely ordained rulers and the recourse to myth, violence and morality. Humankind’s reason has become corrupted by the complexity of highly developed society, releasing the destructive forces of contemporary populism and a descent into a ‘barbarism of refection’. Corsi e ricorsi illustrates how contemporary populism remains but a stage in the Vichian cycle, alluding to how it represents an essential form of political life throughout history.
Neoliberalism and Nationalist-Authoritarian Populism
Authors: Patomäki Heikki ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2021

Can the rise of nationalist-authoritarian populism be explained in terms of neo­liberalism and its effects? The frst half of this paper is about conceptual under­labouring: in spite of signifcant overlap, there are relatively clear demarcation criteria for identifying neoliberalism and nationalist-authoritarian populism as distinct entities. Neoliberalism has succeeded in transforming social contexts through agency, practices and institutions, with far-reaching efects. The prevailing economic and social policies have also had various causal efects such as rising inequalities, progressively more insecure terms of employment, and recurring economic crises. I argue that these have led to discontent with globalization and various political responses, including those of nationalist and authoritarian populisms. Finally, by juxtaposing constitutive and causal explanations, and by stressing the history of national-authoritarian populism, I raise questions about geo-historical specifcity of diferent formations. The standard Karl Polanyian interpretation of Trump, Brexit and such like phenomena is misleading, yet a partial historical analogy especially to the interwar era populism is valid if understood in a subtle, processual, and suffciently contextual way. The Polanyi-inspired historical analogy can be explored further. While the 19th and 20th century working class movement emerged from a variety of socio-economic conditions, socialists who believed in its world-historical role actively made it. Since the 1970s the working class has been largely unmade both as a result of impersonal processes and deliberate attempts to undermine it. Only a learning process towards qualitatively higher levels of refexivity can help develop global transformative agency for the 21st century.
The Five Origins of European Populism
Authors: Benedikter Roland ,   ProtoSociology Project
Published: April 2021

This essay deals with the five origins of European populism. It touches upon a number of themes in the lexicon of re-globalization and the changing warp of populist globalization as a process. It carries a lively normative message, principally as to the required comportment of the European Union during a period of global change and dislocation, which prefigures, or may give rise to a post-populist era.
Relations between purchase decision styles and personal characteristics of buyers
Authors: Matanović Jelena , Markov Kristina
Published: April 2021

The aim of the presented research is to examine whether certain personality traits can predict the decision-making styles in the context of purchasing among Serbian customers. The research involved 462 respondents of different genders, ages and levels of education. The decision-making styles of purchasing were examined using the SDKO questionnaire. SDKO questionnaire measures purchasing decision-making styles (Planners, Ethno-eco oriented, Trendsetters, Bargain hunters, Sceptics). Personality traits like Extraversion, Neuroticism and Openness to experience were measured with subscales from the Big Five Inventory, Impulsiveness was measured with Scale of Innovativeness; and Impulsiveness with the Impulsive Buying Scale (BIC). Regression analyzes were performed on the data and the results show that a set of predictors can be used to predict three purchasing decision-making styles: Planners, Ethno-eco oriented and Trendsetters. The obtained results were discussed in relation to their theoretical and practical significance for marketing practice.
SWOT analysis of wine tourism in Srem
Authors: Josipović Melita , Tepavčević Jelena , Vukosav Svetlana
Published: April 2021

The importance of wine tourism is growing, both in the world and in our country. According to the number of registered wineries, the Srem wine-growing region is the largest in Serbia. Tourists traveling for wine tourism list wine tasting and introduction to the process of wine production, bottling and storage as their main motives. In addition to the above, wine lovers have the desire to spend quality time together in a natural environment. Marketing activities, which are undertaken for the promotion of wine tourism, are different. The promotion is performed by wineries, tourist organizations and travel agencies. In order to gain insight into the ways of promoting wine tourism in Srem, a short survey was conducted on two occasions, in 2013 and 2020. The survey was conducted in tourist organizations and tourist agencies, which operate in the territory of Srem. Potential tourists most often rely on the Internet, when choosing new destinations. Wine tourism research around the world has evolved from conceptual and case studies, to more comprehensive and extensive research (Carlsen & Charters, 2006). The aim of this paper is to present through SWOT analysis the strengths and opportunities that can contribute to the development of wine tourism in Srem, and on the other hand, identify weaknesses and threats. With the help of the TOWS matrix, strategies have been defined, the application of which could improve wine tourism in Srem.
Pseudomonas mendocina Wound Infection in a Farmer: A Rare Case
Authors: Gupta Varsha , Singhal Lipika , Pal Kritika , Attri Ashok , Chander Jagdish
Published: April 2021

The members of the family Pseudomonadaceae have been reorganised under various groups, each with several species and are known as opportunistic pathogens. Pseudomonas mendocina (P.mendocina) formerly known as CDC group Vb-2, belongs to stutzeri group (group II) and was first discovered in 1970 in Mendoza. The present case report is about an overwhelming leg ulcer in an asthmatic and diabetic 53-year-old, Indian farmer following a fall due to a multi-drug resistant strain of P.mendocina without any systemic spread due to timely intervention. Authors emphasise that P. mendocina may be an important emerging pseudomonad or alternatively an under-diagnosed pathogen in immunocompromised patients exposed to soil. The multidrug resistant nature of this organism is alarming and it may become a threat to people with weakened immune systems.
Seroprevalence of Rubella Immunity in Rural Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics at a Tertiary Care Centre in Piparia, Gujarat, India
Authors: Pandya Himani Bhardwaj , Zala Pooja , Vala Reepal , Vohra Urvi , Walvekar Ojas , Vagadia Yash , Thummer Rutvi
Published: April 2021

Introduction:Rubella viral infection in pregnant women is a Global Public Health concern as it has a devastating effect on developing foetus causing adverse foetal outcome or Congenital Rubella Syndrome (CRS). Aim: To recognise the proportion of pregnant women susceptible to Rubella infections so as to discern the risk of CRS. Materials and Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 90 rural pregnant women attending the Tertiary Care Centre, from September 2019-December 2019. Informed consent was obtained and a comprehensive structured questionnaire was noted regarding the sociodemographic details and reproductive history. Five mL of venous blood was tested for the presence of anti-rubella IgG using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kits. Data analysis were conducted using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 15.0. Results: The mean age of the population was 23.26±5 years. Overall, seroprevalence was 88.9% (80/90). Immunity was higher (100%) in women of 30-35 years age, 100% in lower upper class, 93.3% with higher education, 90.9% with second trimester, 90.3% multigravida and 90.5% parity. It was also observed that in all the women with low immunity (11.1%) had a history of adverse foetal outcome. Conclusion: A significant proportion of pregnant females are still susceptible to rubella virus infection shows that rubella is endemic in the study area, so antenatal screening for rubella should be mandatory and rubella vaccination in adolescent girls and women of child bearing age is the only way to reduce the menace of CRS in India.
Association of Obesity with Peripheral Vascular Disease- A Case-control Study
Authors: Reddy Sadhasiva Bhavadeep Kumar , Dileep Kothareddy , Ramya Raja Reddy , Deshpande Shripad B
Published: April 2021

Introduction: Peripheral Vascular Disease (PVD) is an important public health problem, due to its insidious course and the associated co-morbidities. Obesity has been implicated as one of the risk factor besides others. However, the reports on obesity are not consistent. Aim: To assess the association between central obesity and PVD along with other risk factors and the present study is undertaken to examine the correlation of central obesity as a risk factor for PVD. Further, the association between other risk factors and PVD was also ascertained. Materials and Methods: A total of 124 subjects were recruited in this case-control study. Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) was measured using peripheral Doppler studies. Patients with ABI <0.9 were taken as cases and with ABI >0.9 were taken as controls. Blood pressure was measured in the sitting position and the authors obtained anthropometric and demographic data. Chi-square test was used as the test of significance and p-value <0.05 to be considered as level of significance. Results: Of the total 124 participants in the study, 62 participants were the cases and 62 participants were controls. Body Mass Index (BMI) was higher in cases with PVD but Waist Circumference (WC) and hip circumference were significantly lower (p-value=0.003 and <0.001 respectively) and Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR) did not show any significant difference between cases and controls. Thus, fat mass is located elsewhere in these individuals, possibly it may be accumulated in the extremities. Other risk factors like history of smoking, history of alcoholism and history of diabetes mellitus had a positively significant association with PVD with p-values <0.001, 0.023 and <0.001 respectively. Conclusion: The results obtained from this data suggests that PVD is not associated with central obesity, instead it provides evidence that PVD correlates with peripheral fat mass. Subsequent studies separating central and peripheral obesity are required to get more clarity on the relationship between obesity and PVD.
Invasive Non-typhoidal Salmonella Sepsis in Top-up Fed Five-Month-Old Infant: Case Report
Authors: Naaz Shazia , Hada Vivek , Suravaram Swathi , Tadi Lakshmi Jyothi , Wajid Mohammad
Published: April 2021

Non-typhoidal Salmonella (NTS) are generally associated with self-limiting gastrointestinal disease, often acquired through the ingestion of contaminated food and it seldom requires antimicrobial therapy for treatment. Extra-intestinal manifestations could be localised infection leading to septic arthritis, osteomyelitis. In complicated invasive disease, there could be bronchopneumonia with or without bacteraemia leading to mortality. Invasive NTS infections are infrequently reported in India. The S. Typhimurium is one of the common serovars associated with invasive disease and its virulence factors are responsible for causing the disease. S. enteridies, S. Dublin are the other serovars which are commonly responsible for invasive NTS infection. It is difficult to diagnose invasive disease without appropriate bacteriological culture based method. With emergence to resistance to antimicrobials the treatment of this condition is also becoming challenging. In this case report, a five-month-old infant presented with cough fever, stuffed nose dyspnoea and was diagnosed as bronchopneumonia. Mechanical ventilation was required for five days along with admission to intensive care unit. Invasive NTS infection was diagnosed using automated blood culture and the child responded to intravenous antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Glaucoma Management During Pregnancy and Lactation
Authors: Mandal Amrit , Mammel Anwara , Kaur Harman Preet , Singh Manav Deep , Gujral Shreya , Kumar Anuj
Published: April 2021

Glaucoma is a chronic, progressive disease of advancing age which is relatively uncommon in childbearing age. However, with increasing professionalism among women, late pregnancies are becoming more common. This combined with early onset of ageing diseases in India, including glaucoma, more and more cases of glaucoma are being seen among pregnant women. Management of glaucoma in and around pregnancy is a unique challenge of balancing the risk of vision loss to the mother as against the potential harm to the foetus or newborn. During pregnancy, there is physiological reduction in intraocular pressure (IOP). However, some women with pre-existing glaucoma have elevated IOP requiring enhanced medical treatment. The only anti-glaucoma medication categorized in Category B is brimonidine, all others being in Category C. Laser trabeculoplasty is an alternative treatment that can be performed in all trimesters. In selected pregnant glaucoma patients with medically uncontrolled and progressive glaucoma, surgery with caution may lead to good outcomes for the patient with no additional risk for the foetus, especially in second trimester. Beta blockers and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are preferred for use during lactation when brimonidine is an absolute contraindication due to its ability to cross blood brain barrier. Possible options for glaucoma management and their risks should be discussed with pregnant and lactating patients and optimum treatment given so as to prevent any further deterioration in progressive vision loss and quality of life.
Surgical Options in Management of Macular Hole
Authors: Rani Deeksha , Aggarwal Pratik
Published: April 2021

Macular hole is a full-thickness defect in the neurosensory retina at the fovea that presents with diminution of vision. In majority of the causes, it is idiopathic, though many other etiological theories have also been proposed. Small macular holes are usually associated with better prognosis than the larger ones. Various surgical procedures have been described to manage this condition and there have been continuous improvements in the management techniques. This review article summarises all the surgical techniques and modifications.
Pneumoretinopexy In Unusual Situations : Our Experience
Authors: Nagaraj Kalpana Badami , Devegowda Shilpa Y , Tumbadi Kavitha L , Govindaraj Bhavna , Bhandary Ridhi , Nataraj Spurti , Sushekar Vishrutha
Published: April 2021

Aim:

To report the anatomical and visual outcome in patients who underwent pneumoretinopexy (PnR) as a primary procedure in unusual situations.

Material Method:

A prospective interventional analysis of 5 patients who underwent PnR as the primary treatment for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), where either scleral buckling / vitrectomy was advised. Of the 5 patients with RRD, 1st had left eye subtotal RRD with superotemporal break of more than 1 clock hour size with grade A PVR changes, 2nd had left eye subtotal RRD with superonasal break with grade A PVR changes with torticollis, 3rd had left eye near total RRD with superotemporal break with grade A PVR changes, 4th was one-eyed with right eye total RRD with superior break with grade C PVR changes, and 5th had right eye temporal RRD with 2 retinal breaks which were more than 2 clock hours apart with grade A PVR changes. Trial of PnR with appropriate head positioning was done in all patients. Patients were followed up on postoperative day 1,1 week, 1 month and 6 months. Anatomical and visual outcomes were assessed.

Results:

All patients had good anatomical and visual outcomes.

Conclusion:

PnR can be considered as a primary treatment option in some simple RRDs with early PVR changes, even though they are not the ideal indications. It can also be useful in the management of RRDs, where there is a limitation for scleral buckling / vitrectomy.
Post-Operative Outcomes Of Intraocular Lens Implantation With Both Anterior And Posterior Optic Capture In Paediatric Cataract With Insufficient Lens Capsular Support
Authors: Shah Kalpit , Shah Smit
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess the post-operative outcomes of intraocular lens implantation with both anterior and posterior optic capture in terms of visual axis opacification, ocular hypertension, centration of intraocular lens and iris and angle structure irritation in paediatric cataracts with either primary posterior capsular defect or traumatic rupture of anterior capsule or fibrotic anterior capsule or extended anterior capsulorrhexis.

Methods:

Sixteen (16) eyes of eleven (11) cases of paediatric cataract (5 bilateral and 6 unilateral) of 1 to 4 year of age with either insufficient posterior capsular support or traumatic rupture of anterior capsule or improper anterior capsule to perform anterior continuous curvilinear capsulorrhexis received both anterior and posterior optic capture of posterior chamber intraocular lens (3 piece). Visual axis opacification, intraocular lens centration and intraocular pressure were recorded. The follow up period was 6 to 18 months.

Results:

Implantation of intraocular lens (3 piece) with both anterior and posterior optic capture was performed successfully in sixteen eyes of paediatric cataract of 1 to 4 year of age. All the eyes had a clear visual axis with no visual axis opacification and maintained clinical centration of intraocular lens with normal intraocular pressure.

Conclusion:

Anterior and posterior optic capture of intraocular lens is a safe and effective method of treatment of paediatric cataract of 1 to 4 year of age with insufficient lens capsular support in prevention of visual axis opacification.
A Cross Sectional Study To Assess Knowledge Of Primary Open Angle Glaucoma Among Medical Students
Authors: Kaur Gagandeep , Supritha C N , Gupta NR , Goyal Sumit
Published: April 2021

Objective:

To assess the knowledge of primary open-angle glaucoma among medical students from tertiary health centre, Punjab.

Methods:

In this cross sectional study, we conducted a survey among medical students. The questionnaire had 11 questions about epidemiology, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment and sequelae of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). The students were also asked if they considered their knowledge about POAG sufficient. Student's characteristics (age, sex and intended area of specialization) were identified.

Results:

Women comprised 60% of the students. 45% of students gave the correct answer that glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. 48% of students identified POAG as having a genetic origin. Only 30% of students knew that POAG is asymptomatic and half of them (48%) knew that glaucoma blindness is irreversible. Many students (79%) correctly identified tonometry as an important tool for diagnosis and the glaucoma can be treated through medications (73%) or surgery (83%). Almost half of them (47%) considered their knowledge is insufficient.

Conclusion:

Almost half of the participants believe that their knowledge of POAG is insufficient. The results of this study showed that the basic knowledge of POAG among medical students is less. This gap can lead to some serious consequences from both individual (blindness) and collective (negative impact in health system and society) perspectives.
A Unique Presentation of Meibomian Gland Carcinoma
Authors: Pandey Ashish Kumar , Singh Anirudh , Khan Mansur Ali , Maheshwari Anjali
Published: April 2021

Background:- The sebaceous gland carcinoma is a lethal highly malignant slow-growing tumor of the eyelid arising from meibomian glands, glands of Zeis, sebaceous glands of caruncle, and periocular skin. It is third most common malignancy of the eyelid and the incidence rate is about 1-1.5%.1 We report a unique case of meibomian gland carcinoma which was a diagnostic challenge due to its unusual presentation. Case Report 62 year old male presented with solitary painless slowly growing mass left upper eyelid of 6 months duration. Incisional biopsy revealed basal cell carcinoma. Wide local excision was performed and defect closed with primary suturing. Biopsy of the mass revealed meibomian gland carcinoma with positive medial and lateral margins. Second surgery was performed in which wider local excision was done including medial canthus. Defect of 3.5 cm was closed with Tenzelʼs flap. Conclusion: The case is being reported for highlighting the unusual presentation of the meibomian gland carcinoma as a slow growing swelling and confusing nature of the histopathology reports.
A Rare Mechanism Of Globe Injury In Badminton Player
Authors: Singh Atul Kumar , Pandey Ashish , Mohan S
Published: April 2021

Closed globe injuries due to shuttlecock are reported, but open globe injury due to shuttlecock in a badminton player wearing glasses have not been reported. We report an unusual case of open globe injury due to shuttlecock breaking the spectacles of a player. A 22 years old male presented with sudden onset diminution of vision in the right eye following trauma by a shuttlecock which shattered his spectacles, while playing singles in badminton. He was diagnosed as a case of open globe injury with full-thickness corneoscleral tear. Primary globe repair was done under general anaesthesia. Postoperative visual recovery was good. This is a unique case resulting from the shuttlecock shattering the patientʼs glasses leading to an open globe injury. To the best our knowledge, this is the first case report from India presenting with full-thickness scleral rupture indirectly from shuttlecock injury