bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its association with colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wickramasinghe Dakshitha , Kamburugamuwa Sohan , Xavier Chrisjit , Samarasekera Nandadeva , Warusavitarne Janindra
Published: February 2023

Background

This study evaluates the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

Methods

A literature search was performed on MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar from inception to 31st January 2020 without any limitations on article type or language for studies reporting data on CRC on patients with IBS. A meta‐analysis was performed to estimate the prevalence of CRC among patients with IBS. Data extraction was according to the PRISMA guidelines. The quality of the included studies was assessed according to the Newcastle Ottawa Scale.

Results

Twenty‐one articles were eligible for data extraction and quantitative analysis. Of them, 11 were included in the meta‐analysis (IBS n = 284 366, no‐IBS n = 8 390 509). The pooled prevalence of CRC in patients with IBS was 0.96% (95% CI—0.184%–2.344%). The prevalence was lowest in the constipation‐predominant IBS (pooled prevalence 1.126%. Patients with IBS‐D and IBS‐U had an equal pooled prevalence of CRC (2.49%). Eleven studies compared the prevalence of CRC in patients with IBS with a control population. The pooled OR was 2.8 (CI 2.305–3.294).

Conclusions

There was an increased risk of CRC among patients diagnosed with IBS, primarily in the first year after IBS diagnosis.

Registration

The review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021236707).
Robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection: a systematic review of perioperative outcomes
Authors: Garg Harshit , Mansour Ahmed M. , Psutka Sarah P. , Kim Simon P. , Porter James , Gaspard Christine S. , Dursun Furkan , Pruthi Deepak K. , Wang Hanzhang , Kaushik Dharam
Published: February 2023

Objective

To assess the safety and feasibility of robot‐assisted retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (R‐RPLND) and to compare the perioperative outcomes of R‐RPLND with open RPLND (O‐RPLND), as RPLND forms an integral part of the management of testis cancer and R‐RPLND is a minimally invasive treatment option for this disease.

Materials and Methods

The PubMed®, Scopus®, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science™ databases were searched for studies reporting perioperative outcomes of primary and post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND and studies comparing R‐RPLND with O‐RPLND.

Results

The search yielded 42 articles describing R‐RPLND, including five comparative studies. The systematic review included 4222 patients (single‐arm studies, n = 459; comparative studies, n = 3763). Of 459 patients in the single‐arm studies, 271 underwent primary R‐RPLND and 188 underwent post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND. For primary R‐RPLND, the operative time ranged from 175 to 540 min and the major complication rate was 4.1%. For post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND, the operative time ranged from 134 to 550 min and the major complication rate was 8.5%. The conversion rate to open surgery was 2.2% in primary R‐RPLND and 9.0% in post‐chemotherapy R‐RPLND. In comparison with O‐RPLND, R‐RPLND was associated with a lower transfusion rate (14.5% vs 0.9%, P < 0.001) and a lower complication rate (18.5% vs 7.8%, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Robot‐assisted RPLND has acceptable perioperative outcomes in both the primary and post‐chemotherapy settings but a notable rate of conversion to open surgery in the post‐chemotherapy setting. Compared with O‐RPLND, R‐RPLND is associated with a lower transfusion rate and fewer overall complications. Given the potential impact of selection bias, the optimal patient selection criteria for R‐RPLND remain to be elucidated.
PedCRIN tool for the biosamples management in pediatric clinical trials
Authors: Giannuzzi Viviana , Ruggieri Lucia , Conte Rosa , Manfredi Cristina , Felisi Mariagrazia , Kubiak Christine , Matei Mihaela , Malik Salma , Demotes Jacques , Ceci Adriana , Bonifazi Donato
Published: February 2023

In pediatric clinical research, it is essential to implement ethical and regulatory requirements, training, and facilities to grant the proper management of specimens, considering that blood sampling may be difficult, the number of specimens is usually limited, and all efforts should be made to minimize sample volumes. In the context of the Pediatric Clinical Research Infrastructure Network (PedCRIN) project, an easy‐to‐use tool has been developed to guide investigators and sponsors in managing specimens and associated data in compliance with the applicable European rules in the context of pediatric clinical trials. Key topics and research questions to properly manage biosamples and related data in the context of pediatric trials were identified by PedCRIN partners; the current European regulatory/ethical and legal resources were searched for and analyzed; the items/measures/procedures to ensure regulatory compliance of a pediatric trial with regards to biosamples were defined. A checklist of the key items to be considered for the management of biological samples in pediatric clinical trials in compliance with the European applicable rules and legislation, was prepared. It is publicly available on the PedCRIN website https://ecrin.org/projects/pedcrin. Five different topics were covered: consent and assent; minimizing harm and maximizing welfare; sampling volume; skills, training and facilities required for sampling; and long‐term storage of biological material. This exercise addressed a specific need in the field of pediatric research to implement ad hoc procedures for specimen handling. In fact, specific guidance on the management of biosamples in pediatrics is not available.
Development and validation of a novel model for predicting stigmata of recent hemorrhage in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding: Multicenter nationwide study
Authors: Aoki Tomonori , Yamada Atsuo , Kobayashi Katsumasa , Yamauchi Atsushi , Omori Jun , Ikeya Takashi , Aoyama Taiki , Tominaga Naoyuki , Sato Yoshinori , Kishino Takaaki , Ishii Naoki , Sawada Tsunaki , Murata Masaki , Takao Akinari , Mizukami Kazuhiro , Kinjo Ken , Fujimori Shunji , Uotani Takahiro , Fujita Minoru , Sato Hiroki , Suzuki Sho , Narasaka Toshiaki , Hayasaka Junnosuke , Funabiki Tomohiro , Kinjo Yuzuru , Mizuki Akira , Fujishiro Mitsuhiro , Kaise Mitsuru , Nagata Naoyoshi ,   Collaborators
Published: February 2023

Objectives

Stigmata of recent hemorrhage (SRH) directly indicate a need for endoscopic therapy in acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB). Colonoscopy would be prioritized for patients with highly suspected SRH, but the predictors of colonic SRH remain unclear. We aimed to construct a predictive model for the efficient detection of SRH using a nationwide cohort.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 8360 patients admitted through hospital emergency departments for acute LGIB in the CODE BLUE‐J Study (49 hospitals throughout Japan). All patients underwent inpatient colonoscopy. To develop an SRH predictive model, 4863 patients were analyzed. Baseline characteristics, colonoscopic factors (timing, preparation, and devices), and computed tomography (CT) extravasation were extensively assessed. The performance of the model was externally validated in 3497 patients.

Results

Colonic SRH was detected in 28% of patients. A novel predictive model for detecting SRH (CS‐NEED score: ColonoScopic factors, No abdominal pain, Elevated PT‐INR, Extravasation on CT, and DOAC use) showed high performance (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.74 for derivation and 0.73 for external validation). This score was also highly predictive of active bleeding (AUC 0.73 for derivation and 0.76 for external validation). Patients with low (0–6), intermediate (7–8), and high (9–12) scores in the external validation cohort had SRH identification rates of 20%, 31%, and 64%, respectively (P < 0.001 for trend).

Conclusions

A novel predictive model for colonic SRH identification (CS‐NEED score) can specify colonoscopies likely to achieve endoscopic therapy in acute LGIB. Using the model during initial management would contribute to finding and treating SRH efficiently.
Revisiting marine redox conditions during the Ediacaran Shuram carbon isotope excursion
Authors: Gong Zheng , Wei Guang‐Yi , Fakhraee Mojtaba , Alcott Lewis J. , Jiang Lei , Zhao Mingyu , Planavsky Noah J.
Published: February 2023

The Neoproterozoic carbonate record contains multiple carbon isotope anomalies, which are the subject of intense debate. The largest of these anomalies, the Shuram excursion (SE), occurred in the mid‐Ediacaran (~574–567 Ma). Accurately reconstructing marine redox landscape is a clear path toward making sense of the mechanism that drives this δ13C anomaly. Here, we report new uranium isotopic data from the shallow‐marine carbonates of the Wonoka Formation, Flinders Ranges, South Australia, where the SE is well preserved. Our data indicate that the δ238U trend during the SE is highly reproducible across globally disparate sections from different depositional settings. Previously, it was proposed that the positive shift of δ238U values during the SE suggests an extensive, near‐modern level of marine oxygenation. However, recent publications suggest that the fractionation of uranium isotopes in ferruginous and anoxic conditions is comparable, opening up the possibility of non‐unique interpretations of the carbonate uranium isotopic record. Here, we build on this idea by investigating the SE in conjunction with additional geochemical proxies. Using a revised uranium isotope mass balance model and an inverse stochastic carbon cycle model, we reevaluate models for δ13C and δ238U trends during the SE. We suggest that global seawater δ238U values during the SE could be explained by an expansion of ferruginous conditions and do not require a near‐modern level of oxygenation during the mid‐Ediacaran.
Functional traits and climate drive interspecific differences in disturbance‐induced tree mortality
Authors: Barrere Julien , Reineking Björn , Cordonnier Thomas , Kulha Niko , Honkaniemi Juha , Peltoniemi Mikko , Korhonen Kari T. , Ruiz‐Benito Paloma , Zavala Miguel A. , Kunstler Georges
Published: February 2023

With climate change, natural disturbances such as storm or fire are reshuffled, inducing pervasive shifts in forest dynamics. To predict how it will impact forest structure and composition, it is crucial to understand how tree species differ in their sensitivity to disturbances. In this study, we investigated how functional traits and species mean climate affect their sensitivity to disturbances while controlling for tree size and stand structure. With data on 130,594 trees located on 7617 plots that were disturbed by storm, fire, snow, biotic or other disturbances from the French, Spanish, and Finnish National Forest Inventory, we modeled annual mortality probability for 40 European tree species as a function of tree size, dominance status, disturbance type, and intensity. We tested the correlation of our estimated species probability of disturbance mortality with their traits and their mean climate niches. We found that different trait combinations controlled species sensitivity to disturbances. Storm‐sensitive species had a high height‐dbh ratio, low wood density and high maximum growth, while fire‐sensitive species had low bark thickness and high P50. Species from warmer and drier climates, where fires are more frequent, were more resistant to fire. The ranking in disturbance sensitivity between species was overall consistent across disturbance types. Productive conifer species were the most disturbance sensitive, while Mediterranean oaks were the least disturbance sensitive. Our study identified key relations between species functional traits and disturbance sensitivity, that allows more reliable predictions of how changing climate and disturbance regimes will impact future forest structure and species composition at large spatial scales.
On tiptoe: Identity tension and reconciliation among Shanghai stay‐at‐home mothers
Authors: Tian Felicia F. , Chen Lin
Published: February 2023

It is well documented that motherhood influences gendered outcomes in work institutions. However, how paid work influences women's private sphere and sense of self remains unclear and could vary across societies. This article focuses on identity construction among 28 college‐educated stay‐at‐home mothers in Shanghai. The findings from semi‐structured, in‐depth interviews reveal tension negotiation and reconciliation within these mothers' multiple self‐identities. Despite choosing to voluntarily leave their paid jobs and become stay‐at‐home mothers, participants differentiated between their maternal identity and their stay‐at‐home mother identity; in particular, they perceived motherhood as more valuable and socially acceptable than the choice to be a stay‐at‐home mother (i.e., participants readily identified as mothers but hesitated to describe themselves as stay‐at‐home mothers). To avoid this tension and protect their self‐image, participants incorporated aspects of their previous working identity into their stay‐at‐home mother identity, such as taking part‐time jobs and framing their childrearing experience as a future career asset. The results help explain how the notion of work shapes women's self‐image, even when they leave the labor market. Overall, the findings reinforce mothering imperatives and identities and the need to understand them from a cross‐cultural perspective in relation to societal prevailing gender norms.
Physiological correction of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia during pregnancy
Authors: Marchi Rita , Durual Stéphane , Pecheux Océane , Neerman‐Arbez Marguerite , Casini Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Hereditary hypofibrinogenemia is a rare fibrinogen disorder characterised by decreased levels of fibrinogen. Pregnant women with hypofibrinogenemia are at risk of adverse obstetrical outcomes, depending on the fibrinogen level.

Aim

We investigated how the physiological changes of hemostasis throughout the pregnancy impact the hemostatic balance in a woman with hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia.

Methods

Fibrin clot properties were analyzed by turbidimetry and scanning electron microscopy, clot weight and red blood cells retention were measured by whole clot contraction, and in vitro thrombin generation was assessed by calibrated automated thrombogram and ex vivo by TAT.

Results

Throughout the pregnancy, the fibrinogen levels increased reaching normal values in the third trimester (activity 3.1 g/L, antigen 3.2 g/L). In parallel, the fibrin polymerisation increased, the fibrinolysis decreased, the fibrin clot network became denser with thicker fibrin fibers, and the fibrin clot weight and red blood cells retention increased, reaching control's value at the third trimester. Similarly, in vitro and ex vitro thrombin generation increased, reaching maximum values at the delivery.

Conclusion

In this case of hereditary mild hypofibrinogenemia we observed a physiological increase of fibrinogen and thrombin generation. Future studies should focus on moderate and severe hypofibrinogenemia, to assess fibrinogen variation and the overall impact of increased TG on the hemostasis balance.
Diagnostic spectrum of hypereosinophilia based on bone marrow pathology: 10 years' experience at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Kim Hyunji , Cho Young‐Uk
Published: February 2023

Background

Hypereosinophilia (HE) is defined as peripheral blood (PB) eosinophil count exceeding 1.5 × 109/L. As the causes of HE can be diverse, the work‐up of patients was complicated. In this study, we aimed to categorize the underlying diseases associated with HE and demonstrate minimum diagnostic approach.

Methods

Cases presenting with HE within 7 days of bone marrow (BM) examination conducted between 2008 and 2019 were selected. Cases were classified by the revised 2022 WHO and ICC classification. We also assessed morphologic features of unclassified persisting HE (>4 weeks) patients according to the morphologic criteria suggested a previous study by Wang et al.

Results

A total of 364 patients were included. The work‐up confirmed primary HE in 38.7%, secondary HE in 48.9%, HE patients with insufficient evaluation in 13.7%. When conducted a slide review of HE patients with sustained HE more than 4 weeks among HE patients with insufficient evaluation, the morphological features showed abnormal eosinophils in PB/BM (69.0%/81.0%), hypercellularity (26.2%), myelofibrosis (7.1%), increased M:E ratio (5.3%), and dysmegakaryopoiesis (4.8%). Of these patients, 14 patients who met all morphologic criteria were suspected of CEL.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that HE is associated with variable conditions. BM morphological assessment based on a robust criterion can help to confirm a MN irrespective of the presence of clonal markers. The work‐up of patients in whom ruled out the common secondary causes of HE requires a systematic but sufficient approach including at a minimum BM karyotyping, PDGFRA testing, lymphocyte immunophenotyping and TCR gene rearrangement.
Estimating the serial intervals of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 variants in Hong Kong
Authors: Guo Zihao , Zhao Shi , Yam Carrie Ho Kwan , Li Conglu , Jiang Xiaoting , Chow Tsz Yu , Chong Ka Chun , Yeoh Eng Kiong
Published: February 2023

Empirical evidence on the epidemiological characteristics of the emerged SARS‐CoV‐2 variants could shed light on the transmission potential of the virus and strategic outbreak control planning. In this study, by using contact tracing data collected during an Omicron‐predominant epidemic phase in Hong Kong, we estimated the mean serial interval of SARS‐CoV‐2 Omicron BA.4, BA.5, and BA.2.12.1 variants at 2.8 days (95% credible interval [CrI]: 1.5, 6.7), 2.7 days (95% CrI: 2.1, 3.6), and 4.4 days (95% CrI: 2.6, 7.5), respectively, with adjustment for right truncation and sampling bias. The short serial interval for the current circulating variant indicated that outbreak mitigations through contact tracing and case isolation would be quite challenging.
Boosting dielectric temperature stability in BNBST‐based energy storage ceramics by Nb2O5 modification
Authors: Zhu Wen , Guo Huanhuan , Shen Zong‐Yang , Song Fusheng , Luo Wenqin , Wang Zhumei , Li Yueming
Published: February 2023

Exploring environment‐friendly energy storage ceramics simultaneously featuring large recoverable energy storage density (Wrec), high‐energy storage efficiency (ƞ), and excellent temperature stability is highly desirable for the application of pulsed power systems. Herein, Nb2O5 was introduced to modify BNBST‐based lead‐free relaxor ferroelectric ceramics in an effort to enhance the dielectric temperature stability. (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.65(Ba0.3Sr0.7)0.35(Ti0.98Ce0.02)O3 (BNBSTC) + x wt%Nb2O5 (0 ≤ x ≤ 4) ceramics were prepared by a solid‐state reaction method. The phase structure, microstructure, dielectric, and energy storage properties of the ceramics have been systematically studied. It was found that the εr–T curve was flattened, and the dielectric temperature stability was effectively improved due to the addition of Nb2O5. A noticeable Wrec (1.44 J/cm3) with high η (84.1%) was obtained in BNBSTC + 2 wt%Nb2O5 ceramics at a low electric field of 90 kV/cm, which was mainly due to a refined P–E loop induced by Nb2O5. In addition to excellent frequency and anti‐fatigue cycle stability, this ceramic provides a new solution for designing pulsed power capacitors with high energy density and high temperature stability under low voltage driving conditions.
Therapeutic properties and pharmacological activities of asiaticoside and madecassoside: A review
Authors: Bandopadhyay Shinjini , Mandal Sujata , Ghorai Mimosa , Jha Niraj Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Radha  , Ghosh Arabinda , Proćków Jarosław , Pérez de la Lastra José M. , Dey Abhijit
Published: February 2023

Centella asiatica is an ethnomedicinal herbaceous species that grows abundantly in tropical and sub‐tropical regions of China, India, South‐Eastern Asia and Africa. It is a popular nutraceutical that is employed in various forms of clinical and cosmetic treatments. C. asiatica extracts are reported widely in Ayurvedic and Chinese traditional medicine to boost memory, prevent cognitive deficits and improve brain functions. The major bioactive constituents of C. asiatica are the pentacyclic triterpenoid glycosides, asiaticoside and madecassoside, and their corresponding aglycones, asiatic acid and madecassic acid. Asiaticoside and madecassoside have been identified as the marker compounds of C. asiatica in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and these triterpene compounds offer a wide range of pharmacological properties, including neuroprotective, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, wound healing, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant, anti‐allergic, anti‐depressant, anxiolytic, antifibrotic, antibacterial, anti‐arthritic, anti‐tumour and immunomodulatory activities. Asiaticoside and madecassoside are also used extensively in treating skin abnormalities, burn injuries, ischaemia, ulcers, asthma, lupus, psoriasis and scleroderma. Besides medicinal applications, these phytocompounds are considered cosmetically beneficial for their role in anti‐ageing, skin hydration, collagen synthesis, UV protection and curing scars. Existing reports and experimental studies on these compounds between 2005 and 2022 have been selectively reviewed in this article to provide a comprehensive overview of the numerous therapeutic advantages of asiaticoside and madecassoside and their potential roles in the medical future.
BASP1 promotes high glucose‐induced endothelial apoptosis in diabetes via activation of EGFR signaling
Authors: Sun Fengnan , Liu Junwei , Wang Yanzheng , Yang Hongmei , Song Danfeng , Fu Haiyan , Feng Xingxing
Published: February 2023

Aims

Diabetes mellitus is a common chronic disease of glucose metabolism. Endothelial dysfunction is an early event in diabetes complicated by cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to reveal the expression of BASP1 and its biological roles in endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes complicated by cardiovascular disease.

Materials and Methods

By analyzing the databases related to diabetes complicated with coronary heart disease, BASP1 was screened out as an upregulated gene. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and primary mouse aortic endothelial cells were treated with high glucose to establish cell models of diabetes‐related endothelial dysfunction, and the expression changes of BASP1 were verified by RT‐qPCR, western blot, and immunofluorescence. BASP1 was silenced or overexpressed by siRNA or overexpression plasmid, and its effects on cell migration, apoptosis, tube formation, inflammatory response, and ROS were detected. The possible signaling pathway of BASP1 was found and the mechanism of BASP1 on promoting the progression of endothelial dysfunction was explored using the EGFR inhibitor, gefitinib.

Results

Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the expression of BASP1 in patients with diabetes mellitus and concomitant coronary heart disease was increased. High glucose induced the upregulation of BASP1 expression in endothelial cells, and showed a time‐dependent relationship. Silencing of BASP1 alleviated the damage of high glucose to endothelial cells. BASP1 regulated EGFR positively. The promoting effect of BASP1 on endothelial cell apoptosis may be achieved by regulating the EGFR pathway.

Conclusion

BASP1 promotes endothelial cell injury induced by high glucose in patients with diabetes, which may be activated by activating the EGFR pathway.
High‐resolution phylogenetic analysis reveals long‐term microbial dynamics and microdiversity in phytoplankton microbiome
Authors: Choi Chang Jae , Jauzein Cecile , Erdner Deana L.
Published: February 2023

Phytoplankton‐bacteria interactions represent the evolution of complex cross‐kingdom networks requiring niche specialization of diverse microbes. Unraveling this co‐evolutionary process has proven challenging because microbial partnerships are complex, and their assembly can be dynamic as well as scale‐ and taxon‐dependent. Here, we monitored long‐term experimental evolution of phytoplankton‐bacteria interactions by reintroducing the intact microbiome into an axenized dinoflagellate Alexandrium tamarense to better understand microbiome assembly dynamics and how microbiome composition could shift and stabilize over 15 months. We examined host functioning by growth rate, photosynthetic capability, cell size, and other physiological signatures and compared it to associated microbial communities determined by 16S rRNA gene sequences. Our results showed that microbiome reconstitution did not restore the intact microbiome, instead a distinct microbial community shift to Roseobacter clade was observed in the re‐established cultures. In‐depth comparisons of microbial interactions revealed no apparent coupling between host physiology and specific bacterial taxa, indicating that highly represented, abundant taxa might not be essential for host functioning. The emergence of highly divergent Roseobacter clade sequences suggests fine‐scale microbial dynamics driven by microdiversity could be potentially linked to host functioning. Collectively, our results indicate that functionally comparable microbiomes can be assembled from markedly different, highly diverse bacterial taxa in changing environments.
The effect of regional massage performed before blood collection on pain and vital signs in newborns
Authors: Küçüktepe Ayşe , Canbulat Şahiner Nejla
Published: February 2023

Aim

This randomised‐controlled trial aims to examine the effect of regional massage performed before blood collection on pain and vital signs in term newborns.

Methods

The study sample consisted of a total of 96 term newborns, 49 in the experimental group and 47 in the control group, in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Before the blood collection process, those in the experimental group received two (2) minutes of massage on their blood collection region, and their pain levels and vital signs were observed. Data were collected using a newborn information form, an intervention follow‐up form, and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Statistical analyses of the collected data included descriptive statistics, Chi‐squared test, independent‐samples t test, paired‐samples t test and Cohen's kappa statistic. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

While 51% (n = 49) of the newborns were included in the experimental group, 38.5% (n = 37) were born at the 38th gestational week. Their mean post‐natal age was 4.82 ± 4.04 days. The newborns in the experimental and control groups had similar demographic characteristics and blood collection experiences, and there was no statistically significant difference between them (P > 0.05). The mean crying time in the control group (56.9 ± 25.4 s) was significantly longer than that in the experimental group (30.6 ± 29.3 s) (P < 0.05). The newborns in the experimental group had shorter crying times, lower pain levels and heart rate, and higher oxygen saturation than those in the control group.

Conclusion

The regional massage intervention reduced pain in term newborns. Therefore, neonatal nurses can be trained to use massage as an alternative infant care practice.
The Icarus flight of speculation: Philosophers' vices as perceived by nineteenth‐century historians and physicists
Authors: ten Hagen Sjang , Paul Herman
Published: February 2023

Why did nineteenth‐century German historians and physicists habitually warn against vices that they believed philosophers in particular embodied: speculation, absence of common sense, and excessive systematizing? Drawing on a rich array of sources, this article interprets this vice‐charging as a rhetorical practice aimed at delineating empirical research from Naturphilosophie and Geschichtsphilosophie as practiced in the heyday of German Idealism. The strawman of “the philosopher” as invoked by historians and physicists served as a negative model for strongly empiricist scholars committed to virtues like precision, thoroughness, and conscientiousness. In their historical narratives, historians and physicists consistently depicted philosophy either as a relic from the past or as a phase that they had virtuously left behind. This boundary work was central to the self‐positioning of both history and physics, which makes clear that the persona of the philosopher mattered not only to philosophers but also to scholars in adjacent disciplines.
Creativity and genius as epistemic virtues: Kant and earlypost‐Kantianson the teachability of epistemic virtue
Authors: Ziche Paul
Published: February 2023

There is a classical paradox in education that also affects the epistemic virtues: the paradox inherent in the demand to develop general strategies for training persons to be free and creative individuals. This problem becomes particularly salient with respect to the epistemic virtue ofcreativity, the more so if we consider a radical form of creativity, namely,genius. This paper explores a historical constellation in which rigorous claims about the standards for knowledge and morality were developed, along with a highly influential notion of genius: the philosophy of Kant and of immediate post‐Kantian philosophers. The paper shows how in this historical moment came together a new notion of “science,” a theory of “genius” and of virtues, and an analysis of the promises and difficulties inherent in educating a virtuous or creative individual. In this constellation of ideas, there also emerges a potentially fruitful account of how to teach intellectual creativity.
Quantitative Easing and Wealth Inequality: The Asset Price Channel*
Authors: De Luigi Clara , Feldkircher Martin , Poyntner Philipp , Schuberth Helene
Published: February 2023

We assess the impact of the ECB's unconventional monetary policy, specifically of quantitative easing (QE), on the distribution of household wealth in nine euro area countries. For this purpose, we estimate the effects of a QE shock on housing and risky financial asset prices by means of local projections. We then use these estimates to carry out micro‐simulations based on data from the Household Finance and Consumption Survey (HFCS). For the majority of the countries under review, expansionary QE via asset prices leads to net wealth inequality increases when measured using wealth indicators that are sensitive to changes at the tails of the wealth distribution. This finding contrasts with results based on the Gini coefficient which point to an equalizing impact of QE. One‐third of the households in our sample holds neither housing nor financial wealth and is thus not directly affected by QE measures through the asset prices channel.
An early Cambrian polyp reveals a potential anemone‐like ancestor for medusozoan cnidarians
Authors: Zhao Yang , Parry Luke A. , Vinther Jakob , Dunn Frances S. , Li Yu‐Jing , Wei Fan , Hou Xian‐Guang , Cong Pei‐Yun
Published: February 2023

Cnidarians form a disparate phylum of animals and their diploblastic body plan represents a key step in animal evolution. Cnidarians are split into two main classes; anthozoans (sea anemones, corals) are benthic polyps, while medusozoans (hydroids, jellyfishes) generally have alternating life cycle stages of polyps and medusae. A sessile polyp is present in both groups and is widely regarded as the ancestral form of their last common ancestor. However, the nature and anatomy of the ancestral polyp, particularly of medusozoans, is controversial, owing to the divergent body plans of the extant lineages and the scarcity of medusozoan soft tissues in the fossil record. Here, we redescribe Conicula striata Luo & Hu from the early Cambrian Chengjiang biota, south China, which has previously been interpreted as a polyp, lophophorate or deuterostome. Through re‐examination of the holotype and 51 exceptionally preserved specimens, we show that C. striata possessed features of both anthozoans and medusozoan polyps. A conical, annulated organic skeleton (periderm) fully encasing a polyp is found in fossil and living medusozoans, while a tubular pharynx extending from the mouth into a gut partitioned by c. 28 mesenteries, resembling the actinopharynx of anthozoans. Our phylogenetic analyses recover C. striata as a stem‐group medusozoan, implying that the wealth of medusozoan diversity derived, ultimately, from an anemone‐like ancestor.
Applying conventional funding mechanisms to rewilding: the opportunities and challenges for funding rewilding in Europe
Authors: Dunn‐Capper Rowan , Quaas Martin , Sandom Christopher J. , Svenning Jens‐Christian , Pereira Henrique M.
Published: February 2023

As we progress through the United Nations' “Decade of Restoration”, we face the challenge of identifying and developing restoration funding mechanisms for two reasons. First, given past failures at the global level to meet restoration goals, funding mechanisms are needed that allow for scaling up restoration efforts. Second, restoration approaches are changing, with an increasing focus on functional and dynamic restoration goals. Rewilding is an emerging ecological restoration strategy that addresses both of these challenges by restoring self‐sustaining complex ecosystems characterized by minimal human interference. As of yet there has been little attention paid to rewilding in the discussion around restoration funding. We suggest that rewilding offers a promising avenue for restoration funding in Europe. However, the unique characteristics of rewilding may also lead to challenges when attempting to tap into existing funding streams, which may need to be modified to better suit rewilding special needs.
Here, there, everywhere: The relational geographies of chemsex
Authors: Di Feliciantonio Cesare
Published: February 2023

In recent years sexualised drug use, usually referred to as chemsex, has become the object of intense media health‐related panic and increasing academic scrutiny. Critical social scientists have challenged pathologising perspectives, analysing the socio‐cultural and political economy dimensions of chemsex. Against the silence of geographers in this emerging field, the paper develops a geographical relational analysis of chemsex, focusing on the experiences of gay men living with HIV in two Italian cities (Bologna; Milan) and Italian gay men living with HIV in three English cities (Leicester; London; Manchester). Demonstrating the constitutive role of place in the practice of chemsex, the paper frames place relationally, that is, as the encounter between here and there, the material and the virtual, imagined geographies and lived spaces. To emphasise the central role of place and geographical knowledge to understand chemsex, the paper builds on ‘weak theory’, as it conceives things as open, entangled, connected and in flux, while focusing on ordinary practices and heterogeneity in more‐than‐human worlds. Showing how chemsex represents an embodied, relational geographical encounter among different human and non‐human actors, places (both physical and digital), imaginations and desires, the paper highlights the role of sexual practices in the relational construction of place‐making, therefore calling for an increased engagement with sex itself within the field of geographies of sexualities.
A Perspective Review of Passive Techniques Applied to Control the Swirling Flow Instabilities From the Conical Diffuser of Hydraulic Turbines
Authors: Tanasa Constantin , Bosioc Alin , Stuparu Adrian , Muntean Sebastian , Susan-Resiga Romeo
Published: February 2023

This paper represents a welcome synthesis of the results obtained by the authors over more than a decade. The reason why such an approach is perfectly justified is found in the novelty of the control techniques of decelerated swirling flows from the conical diffuser of hydraulic turbines. The results presented in this paper refer strictly to the new passive control techniques of the swirling flows instabilities from the conical diffuser of hydraulic turbines. Although the results of these new techniques have been disseminated in various papers, it is difficult to outline an overview from a collection of articles. In addition, a lot of valuable information about modern experimental and numerical investigations is not found in articles that usually distill only the most significant results. Therefore, the present paper achieves a welcome unitary synthesis, useful to specialists in the field of turbomachine hydrodynamics. The reluctance of the turbine manufacturers on active control techniques that use external/additional energy sources led us to the choice of passive control techniques review, especially the ones developed in the last years. The first part of the paper analyzes the specialized literature that includes a variety of passive solutions for mitigating self-induced instabilities of decelerated swirling flow downstream of hydraulic turbines. Such inherent instabilities manifest intensely at far from optimal operating regimes and represent one of the challenges of modern hydraulic turbines. The mitigation of these instabilities is an open problem, so far there are no unanimously accepted technical solutions implemented on prototype turbines. The second part of the paper includes detailed investigations on axial water injection with flow-feedback, but also more recent approaches using adjustable diaphragm in the conical diffuser.
In situRaman observations reveal that the gas fluxes of diffuse flow in hydrothermal systems are greatly underestimated
Authors: Li Lianfu , Luan Zhendong , Du Zengfeng , Xi Shichuan , Yan Jun , Zhang Xin
Published: February 2023

Reduced gases released from hydrothermal vents supply energy to local deep-marine ecosystems and play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles of sulfur and carbon. The habitable, lower-temperature diffuse flow sites in a hydrothermal system generally have higher biomass than focused flow sites. However, a scarcity of observational data of diffuse flows limits our understanding of the role of volatile gases in these environments. We deployed in situ Raman spectroscopy in the Iheya North hydrothermal field of the mid–Okinawa Trough (East China Sea). A Raman probe inserted directly into hydrothermal vent orifices with temperatures of 30–302 °C collected Raman spectra of hydrothermal fluids. In situ observation data show that the greater volume of diffuse flows results in a flux of volatile gases one to two orders of magnitude higher than that from focused flow environments. This indicates the great potential of diffuse flow for supplying energy and material to hydrothermal systems. The role played by diffuse flow should be reassessed.
Carbon released by sill intrusion into young sediments measured through scientific drilling
Authors: Lizarralde Daniel , Teske Andreas , Höfig Tobias W. , González-Fernández Antonio ,   the IODP Expedition 385 Scientists
Published: February 2023

The intrusion of igneous sills into organic-rich sediments accompanies the emplacement of igneous provinces, continental rifting, and sedimented seafloor spreading. Heat from intruding sills in these settings alters sedimentary organic carbon, releasing methane and other gasses. Recent studies hypothesize that carbon released by this mechanism impacts global climate, particularly during large igneous province emplacements. However, the direct impacts of sill intrusion, including carbon release, remain insufficiently quantified. Here, we present results from International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 385 comparing drill-core and wireline measurements from correlative sedimentary strata at adjacent sites cored in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California, one altered by a recently intruded sill and one unaffected. We estimate 3.30 Mt of carbon were released due to this sill intrusion, representing an order of magnitude less carbon than inferences from outcrops and modeling would predict. This attenuated carbon release can be attributed to shallow intrusion and the high heat capacity of young, high-porosity sediments. Shallow intrusion also impacts sub-seafloor carbon cycling by disrupting advective fluxes, and it compacts underlying sediments, increasing potential carbon release in response to subsequent intrusions.
Melting of fault gouge at shallow depth during the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China
Authors: Wang H. , Li H.B. , Di Toro G. , Kuo L.-W. , Spagnuolo E. , Aretusini S. , Si J.L. , Song S.-R.
Published: February 2023

Typical rocks at shallow depths of seismogenic faults are fluid-rich gouges. During earthquakes, on-fault frictional heating may trigger thermal pressurization and dynamic fault weakening. We show that frictional melting, rather than thermal pressurization, occurred at shallow depths during the 2008 MW 7.9 Wenchuan earthquake, China. One year after the Wenchuan earthquake, we found an ~2-mm-thick, glass-bearing pseudotachylyte (solidified frictional melt) in the fault gouges retrieved at 732.6 m depth from the first borehole of the Wenchuan Earthquake Fault Scientific Drilling Project. The matrix of pseudotachylyte is enriched in barium and cut by barite-bearing veins, which provide evidence of co- and postseismic fluid percolation. Because pseudotachylyte can be rapidly altered in the presence of percolating fluids, its preservation suggests that gouge melting occurred in a recent large earthquake, possibly the Wenchuan earthquake. Rock friction experiments on fluid-rich fault gouges deformed at conditions expected for seismic slip at borehole depths showed the generation of pseudotachylytes. This result, along with the presence of a second slip zone attributed to the Wenchuan earthquake at 589.2 m depth, implies that during large earthquakes, frictional melting can occur at shallow depths and that seismic slip can be accommodated by multiple faults. This conclusion is consistent with the evidence from surface faulting that multiple ruptures propagated during the Wenchuan earthquake.
Enteric fever masquerading as Crohn’s disease in a child with abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Sahoo Bishnupriya , Kumar Karunesh , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam
Published: February 2023

In tropical countries, like India, various types of infectious diseases like tuberculosis, enteric fever, malaria and dengue are prevalent. Disease trend over time has been gradually shifting from infective to inflammatory frame because of increasing awareness regarding hygiene and increasing immunisation coverage. This case report describes an adolescent boy having a long history of abdominal pain, bleeding per rectum and documented weight loss, presented with an acute episode of fever. But the coexisting infections and/or inflammatory conditions presented challenges to the treating physician in diagnosis and management despite of good clinical experience. In this case, a chronic gastrointestinal infection caused byMycobacterium tuberculosiswith a superadded Salmonella typhi infection was masquerading as inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn’s disease). Utmost caution should be exercised to reach the correct diagnosis and take the necessary steps to manage this type of situation in tropical countries like India.
Duodenojejunal inflammation causing chronic vomiting in adult-onset Still’s disease
Authors: Manzotti Cristina , Castellani Massimo , Murgo Antonella , Basilisco Guido
Published: February 2023

Adult-onset Still’s disease (AOSD) is a rare systemic autoinflammatory disease with a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations including fever, skin rash, arthralgia and neutrophilic leucocytosis. Small bowel inflammation in AOSD has been reported in association with Crohn’s disease, coeliac disease and chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction. We have here reported the first-time case of AOSD with small bowel involvement, presenting with chronic vomiting. Fluorodeoxyglucose total-body positron emission tomography/CT showed high uptake of the duodenum and first jejunal loop. Faecal calprotectin increased. Duodenal histology revealed neutrophilic infiltrate among duodenal enterocytes and severe chronic lymphoplasmacellular infiltrate of the lamina propria. Vomiting disappeared when duodenojejunal inflammation was controlled by immunomodulatory treatments for AOSD, suggesting a possible causal relation between duodenojejunal inflammation and the symptom.
HNF1B variant without hyperglycaemia as a cause of isolated profound hypomagnesaemia
Authors: Vollmer Shobitha , Katzman Per , Londahl Magnus
Published: February 2023

A young man presented unconscious with severe hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, hypomagnesaemia and metabolic alkalosis. After 4 months of treatment in hospital, the hypomagnesaemia persisted. The patient had no signs of diabetes mellitus, and radiology showed no abnormalities of the kidneys, pancreas or genitourinary tract. A parenteral magnesium load demonstrated renal wasting with increased fractional urinary excretion of magnesium. Genetic tests for Gitelman as well as Bartter syndromes were negative. However, a wider genetic panel revealed that the patient was heterozygous for a deletion on chromosome band 17q12, encompassing the whole HNF1B gene.

This case highlights the importance of considering pathogenic HNF1B variants in isolated profound hypomagnesaemia caused by renal wasting. Pathogenic HNF1B variants may partly mimic hypomagnesaemia found in Gitelman and Bartter syndromes and may be present without other features linked to HNF1B variants, including diabetes mellitus.
Addressing gaps in our understanding of the drowning patient: a protocol for the retrospective development of an Utstein style database and multicentre collaboration
Authors: Thom Ogilvie , Roberts Kym , Leggat Peter A , Devine Susan , Peden Amy E , Franklin Richard Charles
Published: February 2023

Introduction

This retrospective observational study aims to create a comprehensive database of the circumstances of drowning (including care provided and outcomes of care) to report against the Utstein style for drowning (USFD) for patients presenting to the emergency department (ED). Four areas will be examined: a feasibility study of the USFD; a comparison of classification and prognostication systems; examination of indications and efficacy of different ventilation strategies; and differences in the circumstances, severity, treatment and outcomes of drowning by sex and gender.

Methods and analysis

This protocol outlines retrospective data collection for all patients presenting to EDs of the Sunshine Coast Hospital and Health Service in Queensland, Australia with the presenting problem or discharge diagnosis of drowning or immersion between 2015 and 2022. Patients computerised health records (emergency medical service record, pathology, radiology results, medical and nursing notes for ED, inpatient units and intensive care units) will be used to extract data for entry into an USFD database. Descriptive (eg, median, IQR) and inferential statistical analyses (eg, analysis of variance) will be used to answer the separate research questions. Development of an International Drowning Registry using the USFD dataset and the Research Electronic Data Capture (REDCap) web application is discussed.

Ethics and dissemination

This study has been approved by Metro North Human Research and Ethics Committee (Project No: 49754) and James Cook University Human Research Ethics Committee (H8014). It has been endorsed by national drowning prevention organisations Royal Life Saving Society Australia (RLSSA) and Surf Life Saving Australia (SLSA). Study findings will provide data to better inform clinical management of drowning patients and provide an evidence base on sex and gender differences in drowning. Results will be disseminated through peer review publications, conference presentations and media releases. Results will also be disseminated through RLSSA and SLSA membership of the Australian and New Zealand Resuscitation Council and the Australian Water Safety Council.