bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Applications of Nanomaterials for Enhanced Performance, and Sustainability in Energy Storage Devices: A Review
Authors: Goyal Megha , Singh Kulwant , Bhatnagar Nitu
Published: June 2024

The development of next generation energy storage devices with low self‐discharge rate, high energy density and low cost are the requirements to meet the future and environmental needs. In recent years, energy demand has risen in tandem with population growth and technological advancement. Energy resources are finite. Thus, solving economic difficulties and ensuring their continuous and efficient consumption will require new research and technologies. The use of nanomaterials in energy storage devices improves the performance of the devices with its morphologies and properties like high surface area, tunable pore size, good ionic and conductive properties. It also plays a critical role by improving the long lifespan, safety, and cyclicity of electrodes materials. This short review brings out the main approaches about the comprehensive analysis of the recent advances and future prospect of nanomaterials for energy storage technology and its applications. It discusses the classification of nanomaterials i. e., carbon‐based materials, metal‐oxides, nanowires, conductive polymers, etc. and the environmental impact in the energy storage technologies of nanomaterials. They also make it possible to occupy all the intercalation sites in the particle volume, which results in quick ion diffusion and high specific capacities. Because of these characteristics, electrodes made of nanomaterials can withstand high currents, making them a potential option for storing energy at high power and energy density. The related market study predicts that the worldwide market for nanotechnology in the energy sector will expand from an estimated $ 139.7 million in 2020 to $ 384.8 million in 2030, representing a CAGR (compound annual growth rate) of 10.7 percent from 2021 to 2030. Research indicates that energy storage and conversion systems using nanomaterials are more efficient. Carbon‐based materials, metal‐oxides, nanowires, conductive polymers, etc. added to phase change materials were studied for their high charge and discharge rates. Prior research indicated that several material properties, including size, concentration, form, and phase transition, significantly impacted the storage efficiency of composites. This review article also summarises and discusses the current state of knowledge regarding effective nanomaterials for its role in energy storage and conversion. Finally, possible uses for nanomaterials in new energy storage technologies, including wearable and flexible electronics, grid‐scale energy storage, and electrochemical energy conversion with different applications is discussed.
Nirmatrelvir, A COVID‐19 Drug, and Human Serum Albumin: Computational Analysis of Their Molecular Interactions
Authors: Abubakar Mujaheed , Bin Mohamad Saharuddin , Zaroog Mohammed Suleiman , Mahboob Tooba , Rajagopal Mogana Sundari , Tayyab Saad
Published: June 2024

Understanding the interaction between drugs and human serum albumin (HSA) is crucial for drug development. This study investigates the binding of a COVID‐19 drug, nirmatrelvir (NIR), to HSA through a computational approach. Molecular docking was employed to identify potential NIR binding site on HSA, and revealed distinct clusters at Sites I, II, and III. However, Site III exhibited a preference for NIR based on the lowest binding energy. Molecular dynamics simulation over 100 ns confirmed the stability of the NIR−HSA complex, with consistent binding at Site III. The compactness of HSA was maintained throughout the simulation period, as indicated by the radius of gyration, while structural flexibility analysis revealed typical fluctuations around some residues. Root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) patterns illustrated stability of the complex, and hydrogen bond analysis suggested four stable hydrogen bonds between NIR and HSA. These investigations offer insightful information on molecular interactions governing the stability of the NIR−HSA complex.
Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Substituted spiro 4‐thia‐1,2,6,9 tetraazaspiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐7,8‐diones via 1,3‐dipolar [3+2]cycloaddition
Authors: Lingareddy Eeda , Nadagouda Aishwarya , Sai Lokavarapu , Pardha Saradhi Todeti , Bansod Sudhakar , Tangutur Anjana Devi , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Kumbhare Ravindra M.
Published: June 2024

A series of substituted spiro 4‐thia‐1,2,6,9‐tetraazaspiro[4.4]non‐2‐ene‐7,8‐diones were synthesized with good yields through 1,3‐dipolar substituted hydrazonoylchloride's substituted 2‐thioxoimidazolidin‐4,5‐diones under mild conditions as described. This switchable C−S and C−N bond connection with simple execution and broad substrate scope. In this study, the synthesized compounds 3 a–q were screened against four distinct cancer cell lines (PANC‐1, MIA PaCa‐2, MDA MB231 and DU145) along with a standard cell line HEK‐293, to determine their in vitro anticancer activities, and assessed using the Sulphorhodamine B assay to determine their viability
Surface Engineering of Cathode Materials: Enhancing the High Performance of Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Qi Mengyu , Wang Li , Huang Xiaolong , Ma Mingguo , He Xiangming
Published: June 2024

The development and application of lithium‐ion batteries present a dual global prospect of opportunity and challenge. With conventional energy sources facing reserve shortages and environmental issues, lithium‐ion batteries have emerged as a transformative technology over the past decade, owing to their superior properties. They are poised for exponential growth in the realms of electric vehicles and energy storage. The cathode, a vital component of lithium‐ion batteries, undergoes chemical and electrochemical reactions at its surface that directly impact the battery's energy density, lifespan, power output, and safety. Despite the increasing energy density of lithium‐ion batteries, their cathodes commonly encounter surface‐side reactions with the electrolyte and exhibit low conductivity, which hinder their utility in high‐power and energy‐storage applications. Surface engineering has emerged as a compelling strategy to address these challenges. This paper meticulously examines the principles and progress of surface engineering for cathode materials, providing insights into its potential advancements and charting its development trajectory for practical implementation.
Zn Doping Strategy to Suppress the Jahn–Teller Effect to Stabilize Mn‐Based Layered Oxide Cathode toward High‐Performance Potassium Ion Batteries
Authors: Quan Jinghua , Lin Haoxiang , Li Hongyan
Published: June 2024

In the research report of cathode of potassium ion battery, Mn‐based layered structural oxides have attracted the researcher's attention because of its good energy density and high specific rate capacity. However, the Jahn–Teller effect is the main limiting factor for their development. It leads to the expansion and deactivation of Mn‐based layered metal oxides during cycling for a long time. Therefore, mitigation of the Jahn–Teller effect is considered a useful measure to enhance the electrochemical capability of Mn‐based layered oxide. In this paper, an R3m‐type K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 cathode material is designed through a Zn doping strategy. X‐ray diffraction techniques and electrochemical tests verified that the Jahn–Teller effect is effectively mitigated. High performance is achieved in the rate capacity test with 113 mAh g−1 at 50 mA g−1. Comparison with similar materials in recent years has demonstrated its superiority, leading rate performance among Mn‐based metal oxides reported in recent years. The practical feasibility is verified in the assembled full cell with soft carbon in anode materials and K0.4Mn0.7Co0.25Zn0.05O2 as cathode. In the full cell rate test, 104.8 mAh g−1 discharging capacity is achieved at 50 mA g−1 current density.
Flexible Printed Ultraviolet‐to‐Near‐Infrared Broadband Optoelectronic Carbon Nanotube Synaptic Transistors for Fast and Energy‐Efficient Neuromorphic Vision Systems
Authors: Li Zebin , Li Min , Zhu Tianxiang , Li Benxiang , Wang Zebin , Shao Shuangshuang , Deng Zhenyan , Zhao Xinluo , Liu Cheng , Zhao Jianwen
Published: June 2024

To simulate biological visual systems and surpass their functions and performance, it is essential to develop high‐performance optoelectronic neuromorphic electronics with broadband response, low power consumption, and fast response speed. Among these, optoelectronic synaptic transistors have emerged as promising candidates for constructing neuromorphic visual systems. In this work, flexible printed broadband (from 275 to 1050 nm) optoelectronic carbon nanotube synaptic transistors with good stability, high response speed (3.14 ms), and low‐power consumption (as low as 0.1 fJ per event with the 1050 nm pulse illumination) using PbS quantum dots (QDs) modified semiconducting single‐walled carbon nanotubes (sc‐SWCNTs) as active layers are developed. In response to optical pulses within the ultraviolet to near‐infrared wavelength range, the optoelectronic neuromorphic devices exhibit excitatory postsynaptic current, paired‐pulse facilitation, and a transition from short‐term plasticity to long‐term plasticity, and other optical synaptic behaviors. Furthermore, a simplified neural morphology visual array is developed to simulate integrated functions such as image perception, memory, and preprocessing. More importantly, it can also emulate other complicated bionic functions, such as the infrared perception of salmon eyes and the warning behavior of reindeer in different environments. This work holds immense significance in advancing the development of artificial neural visual systems.
Systemic relation between innovation capabilities, innovation strategy, and financial performance of small and medium enterprises: Impact of technology trajectory, management obstacles, and investment
Authors: Quintero‐Sepúlveda Isabel‐Cristina , Gallón‐Londoño Luciano , Collazos Alexander Zúñiga
Published: June 2024

Innovation capabilities are an asset of the company to achieve competitive advantages, are related to strategy and impact on financial performance. They have been analyzed with quantitative methods that, although allow determining the causal relationships between the variables, are not enough to understand their dynamics, especially in developing countries. This study used structural equation modeling to confirm the relationships among four innovation strategies and innovation capabilities and financial performance in a sample comprising 135 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Colombia. In addition, an exploratory System Dynamics simulation model was designed based on archetypes to broaden the understanding of the behavior of relationships as variables change. It was found that investment in innovation capabilities, management obstacles, and the impact of changes in the technology trajectory influence the dynamics of the problem. Furthermore, different strategies generate different behaviors in innovation capabilities and different financial performance. Other theoretical and practical findings and implications are discussed.
Exploring Phase Transformation Mechanisms in Maraging‐300 Steel During Ageing Beyond Widely Applied Temperature Parameters
Authors: Moraes da Silva Jean Jefferson , Frota de Vasconcelos Igor , de Oliveira Carlos Augusto Silva , Souza Pedro Henrique Lamarão , Loureiro Rodrigo de Carvalho Paes , Lima Marcos Natan da Silva , Filgueiras Rodrigues Samuel , Ferreira Gomes de Abreu Hamilton
Published: June 2024

Maraging steels achieve the highest strength limit when aged around 480 °C. Some research has been carried out on this treatment at temperatures different from 480 °C to improve the toughness and magnetic properties of this metal. This research uses Mössbauer spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), hardness measurements, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to investigate the phase transformation process of solution‐treated Maraging‐300 steel specimens aged at 520, 560, and 600 °C. The results indicate that the precipitation of intermetallic compounds, which are responsible for the improvement of mechanical properties, occurs similarly to precipitation at the temperature of 480 °C within the first hour of ageing. The coexistence of precipitates and the austenitic phase is detected, and a crystalline/magnetic transition zone is suggested in the material for longer times and higher ageing temperatures.
Multivariate differential association analysis
Authors: Song Hoseung , Wu Michael C.
Published: June 2024

Identifying how dependence relationships vary across different conditions plays a significant role in many scientific investigations. For example, it is important for the comparison of biological systems to see if relationships between genomic features differ between cases and controls. In this paper, we seek to evaluate whether relationships between two sets of variables are different or not across two conditions. Specifically, we assess:Do two sets of high‐dimensional variables have similar dependence relationships across two conditions?We propose a new kernel‐based test to capture the differential dependence. Specifically, the new test determines whether two measures that detect dependence relationships are similar or not under two conditions. We introduce the asymptotic permutation null distribution of the test statistic, and it is shown to work well under finite samples such that the test is computationally efficient, significantly enhancing its usability in analysing large datasets. We demonstrate through numerical studies that our proposed test has high power for detecting differential linear and non‐linear relationships. The proposed method is implemented in an package .
Skeletal Editing of Isatins for Heterocycle Molecular Diversity
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Feng Huangdi
Published: June 2024

Isatins have been widely used in the preparation of a variety of heterocyclic compounds, where the skeletal editing of isatins has shown significant advantages for the construction of diverse heterocycles. This review highlights the progress made in the last decade (2013−2023) in the skeletal editing of the isatin scaffold. A series of ring expansion reactions for the construction of quinoline skeleton, quinolone skeleton, polycyclic quinazoline skeleton, medium‐sized ring skeleton, as well as a series of ring opening reactions for the generation of 2‐(azoly)aniline skeleton by the cleavage of C−C bond and C−N bond are highlighted. It is hoped that this review will provide some understanding of the chemical transformations of isatins and contribute to the further realization of its molecular diversity.
Inefficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin treatments against Dictyocaulus viviparus in dairy calves
Authors: Campbell Paul , Forbes Andrew , McIntyre Jennifer , Bartoschek Taylor , Devine Kayleigh , O'Neill Kerry , Laing Roz , Ellis Kathryn
Published: June 2024

Background

The bovine lungworm Dictyocaulus viviparus negatively impacts bovine health and leads to substantial economic losses. Lungworm infections can be difficult to manage due to the unpredictable and severe nature of clinical outbreaks. Despite the widespread use of macrocyclic lactones (MLs) in grazing cattle in the UK, there have been no confirmed reports of resistant lungworms to date, with only one case of anthelmintic‐resistant (ML) lungworm confirmed worldwide.

Methods

Lungworm Baermann filtrations were conducted on first‐season grazing dairy calves as part of a wider study investigating anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in Scotland using the faecal egg count reduction test.

Results

Clinical signs and significant numbers of lungworm larvae in faeces were observed after treatment with either ivermectin or moxidectin.

Limitations

There are no established guidelines for the diagnosis of resistant lungworms in the field. Currently, resistance can only be diagnosed after a controlled efficacy test has been conducted. This limits the conclusions that can be drawn; however, they are highly suggestive of resistance.

Conclusion

This short report describes the inefficacy of ivermectin and moxidectin against D. viviparus and is highly suggestive of ML resistance.
China's role in the reconfiguration of Latin American peripheries: A case study of the Argentine provinces
Authors: Juste Stella M.
Published: June 2024

This study analyzes Argentina−China relations based on the actions of the Argentine provinces between 2014 and 2023. The focus is on the double periphery provinces and the initiatives with Chinese actors, observing the transformations produced within the Argentine federal state and in the interstate relationship between the two countries. The methodological approach is qualitative with case studies through a sample of three provinces located in the double periphery of Argentina: Catamarca, Jujuy, and Salta. This study encompasses the period from the initiation of Comprehensive Strategic Relations between Argentina and China in July 2014, extending up to 2023, coinciding with the conclusion of President Alberto Fernández's term in office.
Postoperative pain following laser fistula closure versus ligation of the intersphincteric fistula tract: A prospective double‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Low Jolynn Qian Lin , Rajandram Retnagowri , Aziz Mohamed Rezal Abdul , Roslani April Camilla
Published: June 2024

Background

Prior studies focus primarily on surgical outcomes of anal fistula treatment, such as healing rates, rather than patient‐reported outcomes, such as postoperative pain, which could influence surgical choice.

Objective

To compare pain scores at 6 and 24 h postoperatively between laser closure and ligation of the intersphincteric tract for anal fistula.

Design

Prospective, double‐blinded randomized controlled trial.

Settings

A quaternary hospital in Malaysia.

Patients

Patients aged 18–75 years with high transsphincteric fistulas.

Intervention

Fistula laser closure versus ligation of the fistula tract (LIFT) treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

Pain scores, continence, quality of life (QOL), operative time, and treatment failure were compared using chi‐square, Fisher's exact test, student t‐test, or Mann–Whitney with p < 0.05 denoting statistical significance.

Results

Fifty‐six patients were recruited (laser, n = 28, LIFT, n = 28). Median pain scores for laser versus LIFT at 6 h postoperatively were 1.0 versus 2.0 (Rest, p = 0.213) and 3.0 versus 4.0 (Movement, p = 0.448), respectively. At 24 h, this reduced to 2.5 in both arms at rest (p = 0.842) but increased to 4.8 versus 3.5 on movement (p = 0.383). Median operative time for laser was significantly shorter (32.5 min) than LIFT (p < 0.001). Laser treated patients trended toward quicker return to work (10.5 vs. 14.0, p = 0.181) but treatment failure was similar (54% vs. 50%, p = 0.71). No patients developed postoperative incontinence. Mean SF‐36 scores increased from baseline (67.1 ± 17.0; 95% CI 63.6–82.4 vs. 71.3 ± 11.4; 95% CI 64.0–75.0) to 6 months postoperatively (77.7 ± 21.0; 95% CI 57.0–80.3 vs. 74.0 ± 14.3; 95% CI 67.6–81.4) regardless of the type of surgery (P > 0.05).

Limitations

Patients with prior fistula surgery (approximately 20%) led to heterogeneity. The total laser energy delivered varied depending on fistula anatomy.

Conclusion

Laser fistula closure is an alternative to LIFT, with similar postoperative pain and shorter operative time despite more complex fistula anatomy in the laser arm, with a greater improvement in QOL.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06212739.
Bootstrapping M-theory orbifolds
Authors: Chester Shai M. , Pufu Silviu S. , Wang Yifan , Yin Xi
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We analyze correlation functions of SU(k) × SU(2)F flavor currents in a family of three-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 superconformal field theories, combining analytic bootstrap methods with input from supersymmetric localization. Via holographic duality, we extract gluon and graviton scattering amplitudes of M-theory on AdS4 × S7/ℤk which contains a ℂ2/ℤk orbifold singularity. From these results, we derive aspects of the effective description of M-theory on the orbifold singularity beyond its leading low energy limit. We also determine a threshold correction to the holographic correlator from the combined contribution of two-loop gluon and tree-level bulk graviton exchange.
A new framework for higher loop Witten diagrams
Authors: Herderschee Aidan
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The differential representation is a novel formalism for studying boundary correlators in (d + 1)-dimensional anti-de Sitter space. In this letter, we generalize the differential representation beyond tree level using the notion of operator-valued integrals. We use the differential representation to compute three-point bubble and triangle Witten diagrams with external states of conformal dimension ∆ = d. We compare the former to a position space computation.
A realistic theory of E6 unification through novel intermediate symmetries
Authors: Babu K. S. , Bajc Borut , Susič Vasja
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We propose a non-supersymmetric E6 GUT with the scalar sector consisting of 650 ⨁ 351′ ⨁ 27. Making use of the first representation for the initial symmetry breaking to an intermediate stage, and the latter two representations for second-stage breaking to the Standard Model and a realistic Yukawa sector, this theory represents the minimal E6 GUT that proceeds through one of the intermediate stages that are novel compared to SU(5) or SO(10) GUT: trinification SU(3)C × SU(3)L × SU(3)R, SU(6) × SU(2) and flipped SO(10) × U(1). We analyze these possibilities under the choice of vacuum that preserves a ℤ2 “spinorial parity”, which disentangles the chiral and vector-like fermions of E6 and provides a dark matter candidate in the form of a (scalar) inert doublet. Three cases are shown to consistently unify under the extended survival hypothesis (with minimal fine-tuning): trinification symmetry SU(3)C × SU(3)L × SU(3)R with either LR or CR parity, and SU(6)CR × SU(2)L. Although the successful cases give a large range for proton lifetime estimates, all of them include regions consistent with current experimental bounds and within reach of forthcoming experiments. The scenario investigated in this paper essentially represents the unique (potentially) viable choice in the class of E6 GUTs proceeding through a novel-symmetry intermediate stage, since non-minimal alternatives seem to be intrinsically non-perturbative.
K± → π±a at next-to-leading order in chiral perturbation theory and updated bounds on ALP couplings
Authors: Cornella Claudia , Galda Anne Mareike , Neubert Matthias , Wyler Daniel
Published: June 2024

Abstract

The weak decays K± → π±a offer a powerful probe of axion-like particles (ALPs). In this work, we provide a comprehensive analysis of these processes within chiral perturbation theory, extending existing calculations by including complete next-to-leading order (NLO) contributions and isospin-breaking corrections at first order in (md – mu). We show that the consistent incorporation of ALPs in the QCD and weak chiral Lagrangians requires a non-trivial extension of the corresponding operator bases, which we describe in detail. Furthermore, we show that in the presence of an ALP the so-called “weak mass term”, which is unobservable in the Standard Model, is non-redundant already at leading order. We find that NLO corrections associated with flavor-violating ALP couplings modify the leading-order result by a few percent, with negligible uncertainties. NLO corrections proportional to flavor-conserving ALP couplings lead to potentially larger corrections, which, however, are accompanied by sizable uncertainties mainly due to the currently limited knowledge of various low-energy constants. We study how these corrections impact bounds on the ALP couplings, first model independently, and then specializing to the case of an ALP with flavor-universal couplings in the UV. Our findings confirm that the decays K± → π±a provide the strongest particle-physics constraints for ma ≲ 300 MeV. In addition, we point out that these bounds have interesting implications for the ALP couplings to nucleons, which were so far only constrained by astrophysical measurements and non-accelerator experiments.
More on G-flux and general hodge cycles on the Fermat sextic
Authors: Braun Andreas P. , Fortin Hugo , Garcia Daniel Lopez , Loyola Roberto Villaflor
Published: June 2024

Abstract

We study M-Theory solutions with G-flux on the Fermat sextic Calabi-Yau fourfold, focussing on the relationship between the number of stabilized complex structure moduli and the tadpole contribution of the flux. We use two alternative approaches to define the fluxes: algebraic cycles and (appropriately quantized) Griffiths residues. In both cases, we collect evidence for the non-existence of solutions which stabilize all moduli and stay within the tadpole bound.
Studies on energy consumption and other important machining characteristics in sustainable turning of EA1N railway axle steel
Authors: Dinçsoy Mehmet , Korkmaz Mehmet Erdi , Gupta Munish Kumar , Özdemir Mehmet Tayyip , Günay Mustafa , Demirsöz Recep
Published: June 2024

The present research focuses on comprehensively evaluating energy consumption and other vital machining characteristics during the turning process, aiming to optimize efficiency while minimizing environmental impact. The experimental data is collected through a series of machining tests on EA1N railway axle steel under dry, minimum quantity lubrication (MQL), and cryogenic cooling conditions. Under these cutting conditions, the machinability criteria (energy consumption, tool wear, surface quality, chip morphology) of train wheel axle steel were tried to be improved. As a result, cryogenic cooling at constant cutting speed gave 40% and 53% better results in terms of energy consumption than MQL and dry environment, respectively. When the same situation was examined in terms of tool wear and surface quality, 10–18% and 8–14% gave better results, respectively. In other words, it is worthy to mention that the research findings not only benefit the manufacturing industry by optimizing resource utilization but also align with global efforts to promote environmentally conscious practices in the engineering and transportation sectors.
Advanced CNC thread milling: a comprehensive canned cycle for efficient cutting of threads with fixed or variable pitch and radius
Authors: Omirou Sotiris , Charalambides Marios , Chasos Charalambos
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the design, implementation, and experimental validation of a novel canned cycle for CNC milling machines, enabling the precise and efficient cutting of threads with fixed or variable pitch and radius. Conventional canned cycles are limited to fixed pitch threads, restricting the versatility of CNC milling machines in thread machining applications.

The development process involves integrating a sophisticated control algorithm into the CNC milling machine's software, giving the operator remarkable control over the thread cutting process. This algorithm allows the operator to choose between external or internal threads, set both initial and final radii, determine initial and final pitches, specify the number of turns, and select the left or right-hand thread type. Such flexibility enables the creation of threads with diverse geometries. Furthermore, the proposed canned cycle provides the capability to switch between roughing and finishing passes by adjusting the step motion along the prescribed helical curve.

Simulation tests conducted under various threading cases clearly demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed canned cycle. These results showcase its capability to address a wide range of machining scenarios, offering practical solutions applicable across a spectrum of applications.
Comparison of anatomic axes with a navigated functional rotation axis determined by ligament tension for rotational femoral component alignment in cadaver knee arthroplasty
Authors: Jäckle K , Pietzka M , Schüttrumpf JP , Panahi B , Meier M-P , Hawellek T , Lehmann W , Walde TA
Published: June 2024

Introducion

The malimplantation of the total knee arthroplasty (TKA) components is one of the main reasons for revision surgery. For determining the correct intraoperative femoral rotation several anatomic rotational axes were described in order to achieve a parallel, balanced flexion gap. In this cadaveric study prevalent used rotational femoral axes and a navigated functional rotational axis were compared to the flexion-extension axis defined as the gold standard in rotation for femoral TKA component rotation.

Materials and methods

Thirteen body donors with knee osteoarthritis (mean age: 78.85 ± 6.09; eight females and five males) were examined. Rotational computer tomography was performed on their lower extremities pre- and postoperatively. Knee joint arthroplasties were implanted and CT diagnostics were used to compare the preoperatively determined flexion-extension axis (FEA). The FEA is the axis determined by our surgical technique and serves as an internal reference. It was compared to other axes such as (i) the anatomical transepicondylar axis (aTEA), (ii) the surgical transepicondylar axis (sTEA), (iii) the posterior condylar axis (PCA) and (iv) the functional rotation axis (fRA).

Results

Examination of 26 knee joint arthroplasties revealed a significant angular deviation (p*** < 0.0001) for all axes when the individual axes and FEA were compared. aTEA show mean angular deviation of 5.2° (± 4.5), sTEA was 2.7° (± 2.2), PCA 2.9° (± 2.3) and the deviation of fRA was 4.3° (± 2.7). A tendency towards external rotation was observed for the relative and maximum axis deviations of the aTEA to the FEA, for the sTEA and the fRA. However, the rotation of the posterior condylar axis was towards inwards.

Conclusions

All axes showed a significant angular deviation from the FEA. We conclude that the presented technique achieves comparable results in terms of FEA reconstruction when compared with the use of the known surrogate axes, with certain deviations in terms of outliers in the internal or external rotation.
Clinical and radiological outcome following trauma-related reverse shoulder arthroplasty
Authors: Fischer Cornelius Sebastian , Lohr Christian , Ziegler Patrick , Schüll Daniel , Finger Felix Christioph , Histing Tina , Herbst Moritz , Hemmann Philipp
Published: June 2024

Background

Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) is a frequently used therapy for complex proximal humeral fractures and posttraumatic disorders. The present study’s purpose was to assess the clinical and radiological outcome of primary and secondary RSA, and to analyze the impact of refixation of the greater tuberosity (GT).

Patients and methods

28 patients with primary fracture RSA and 18 patients with RSA due to posttraumatic disorders were examined with a mean clinical follow-up of 2.5 ± 1.73 years. Operative details and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. Additional analyses were performed for healed and non-healed GT in primary RSA.

Results

Patients with fracture RSA had higher Constant-Murley score (CMS) than secondary RSA without reaching significance (p = 0.104). No significant difference was present for the quality of life measured by the Short Form 36 (SF 36) and the range of motion. In primary RSA, 78.6% GT healed anatomically. Compared to non-healed GT, patients with healed GT had a significantly higher CMS (p = 0.011), external rotation (p = 0.026) and forward flexion (p = 0.083), whereas DASH score was lower without a significant difference (p = 0.268). SF 36 showed no significant difference. Patients with healed GT had a more neutral glenoid version (p = 0.009).

Conclusion

Superior range of motion and clinical outcome scores were present for anatomically healed GT. Therefore, refixation of the tuberosities is recommended. Secondary RSA can result in inferior results compared to primary RSA, so patients need to be adequately informed.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy-induced hemoglobin decline as a prognostic factor in osteosarcoma around the knee joint: a single-center retrospective analysis of 242 patients
Authors: Yu Wenxi , Sun Miaoli , Wang Wei , Shen Zan , Wang Yonggang , Li Hongtao
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Anemia is relatively common in cancer patients, and is associated with poor survival in patients with various malignancies. However, how anemia would affect prognosis and response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in osteosarcoma (OS) is still without substantial evidence.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 242 patients with stage II OS around the knee joint in our institute. Changed hemoglobin (Hb) levels (before and after NAC) were recorded to assess the prognostic value in DFS (disease-free survival) and tumor response to NAC. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to identify prognostic factors related with outcome in OS patients.

Results

The mean Hb level significantly decreased after NAC (134.5 ± 15.3 g/L vs. 117.4 ± 16.3 g/L). The percentage of mild (21%), moderate (4.2%) and severe (0%) anemia patients markedly increased after NAC: 41%, 24% and 4.1% respectively. There was higher percentage of ≥ 5% Hb decline in patients with tumor necrosis rate < 90% (141 out of 161), compared with those with tumor necrosis rate ≥ 90% (59 out of 81). Further univariate and survival analysis demonstrated that Hb decline had a significant role in prediction survival in OS patients. Patients with ≥ 5% Hb decline after NAC had an inferior DFS compared with those with < 5% Hb decline.

Conclusion

In osteosarcoma, patients with greater Hb decrease during neoadjuvant treatment were shown to have worse DFS and a poorer response to NAC than those without. Attempts to correct anemia and their effects on outcomes for osteosarcoma patients should be explored in future studies.
NSQIP data collection up to 30 postoperative days is sufficient to capture some complications in orthopedic surgeries
Authors: Hopper Haleigh M. , Nelson Chase T. , Satalich James R. , O’Neill Conor N. , Vap Alexander R.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

The primary aim of this study is to determine if the 30-day follow-up period used by the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSIQP) is an appropriate timeframe to capture complications after orthopedic surgeries.

Methods

The 2019 NSQIP data were used. The independent variables were complication type. The dependent variable was days to complication. A Shapiro–Wilk test was used to determine if the data were normally distributed.

Results

271,397 orthopedic cases were included. Myocardial infarction, pneumonia, ventilator over 48 h, progressive renal insufficiency, acute renal failure, stroke, and cardiac arrest had positive skewness and positive kurtosis. Deep incisional surgical site infection (SSI), organ/space SSI, wound disruption, unplanned reoperation one, unplanned reoperation two, readmission two, and readmission three had negative kurtosis and negative skewness. Complications with positive kurtosis and positive skewness are more likely to be confined to the 30-day postoperative period, whereas complications with negative skewness and negative kurtosis may be underreported within the 30-day follow-up.

Conclusions

These findings are useful in their ability to inform future orthopedic research using NSQIP which continues to generate new data for surgeons to consider for their postoperative care and complication management.
The way of water: exploring the role of interaction elements in usability challenges with in-car VR experience
Authors: Jeon Hwaseung , Jo Taewoo , Yeo Dohyeon , An Eunsol , Kang Yumin , Kim SeungJun
Published: June 2024

With advancements in autonomous driving technology, the variety of activities that can be performed in a vehicle has increased. This improves the possibility of watching virtual reality (VR) content on a head-mounted display (HMD). However, unlike VR used in stationary environments, in-car VR can lead to discomfort and motion sickness due to the vehicle movements. Additionally, the obstruction of the outside view during driving may cause user anxiety. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, the effect of dynamic road environments, such as turns, stops, and speed bumps, on the in-car VR experience. Based on our findings, we included situational awareness (SA) cues in the in-car VR content to help users perceive their surroundings and improve the user experience. We conducted a user study with thirty participants to validate the impact of these cues. Consequently, we discovered that the Dynamics cue, which provides SA information while maintaining the context of the VR content, improves user immersion and trust while easing VR motion sickness.
Stochastic optimal control problems with delays in the state and in the control via viscosity solutions and applications to optimal advertising and optimal investment problems
Authors: de Feo Filippo
Published: June 2024

In this manuscript we consider optimal control problems of stochastic differential equations with delays in the state and in the control. First, we prove an equivalent Markovian reformulation on Hilbert spaces of the state equation. Then, using the dynamic programming approach for infinite-dimensional systems, we prove that the value function is the unique viscosity solution of the infinite-dimensional Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation. We apply these results to problems coming from economics: stochastic optimal advertising problems and stochastic optimal investment problems with time-to-build.
LINC01503 in cancer: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic implications
Authors: Shuai You , Qian Haili , Yuan Peng
Published: June 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are fundamental agents that govern tumor growth and metastasis across a spectrum of cancer types. Linc01503 is a novel lncRNA situated on human chromosome 19, and it is intricately linked with the pathogenesis of multiple human cancers, underscoring its substantial role and significance in cancer development. It has been recognized as a pivotal contributor to inducing malignant behaviors in lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, cholangiocarcinoma, liver cancer and pancreatic cancer, among others. The dysregulation of linc01503 has been shown to strongly associate with advanced clinicopathological factors and foretell an unfavorable prognosis, indicating its prospective clinical significance as a valuable biomarker and therapeutic target for individuals with cancer. The primary objective of the current work is to present the intricate molecular pathways governed by linc01503 and its profound clinical relevance in the context of carcinogenesis. We also focus on the future prospects of linc01503-based clinical application. This will help us to better understand the regulatory mechanism of carcinogenesis and provide new ideas for precision molecular medicine.
Effectiveness and Safety of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Warfarin in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Cancer: A Target Trial Emulation from SEER-Medicare Database
Authors: Truong Bang , Hornsby Lori , Fox Brent , Chou Chiahung , Zheng Jingyi , Qian Jingjing
Published: June 2024

Background

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are preferred over warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation (AFib). However, their safety and effectiveness in patients with AFib and cancer are inconclusive.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective cohort study by emulating a target trial. Patients with a record of cancer (breast, prostate, or lung), newly diagnosed with AFib initiated DOACs or warfarin within 3 months after AFib diagnosis from the 2012–2019 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database were included. We compared the risk of ischemic stroke, major bleeding, and secondary outcomes (venous thromboembolism, intracranial bleeding, gastrointestinal bleeding, and non-critical site bleeding) between patients who initiated DOACs and warfarin. Inverse probability treatment weights and inverse probability censoring weights were used to adjust imbalanced patient and disease characteristics and loss to follow-up between the two groups. Weighted pooled logistic regression were used to estimate treatment effect with hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CIs).

Results

The incidence rates of stroke and major bleeding between DOAC and warfarin initiators were 9.97 vs. 9.91 and 7.74 vs. 9.24 cases per 1000 person-years, respectively. In adjusted intention-to-treat analysis, patients initiated DOACs had no statistically significant difference in risk of ischemic stroke (HR = 0.87, 95% CI 0.52–1.44) and major bleeding (HR = 1.14, 95% CI 0.77–1.68) compared to those initiated warfarin. In adjusted per-protocol analysis, there was no statistical difference in risk of ischemic stroke (HR = 1.81, 95% CI 0.75–4.36) and lower risk for major bleeding, but the 95% CI was wide (HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.12–0.99) among DOAC initiators compared to warfarin initiators. The benefits in secondary outcomes were in favor of DOACs. The findings remained consistent across subgroups and sensitivity analyses.

Conclusion

DOACs are safe and effective alternatives to warfarin in the management of patients with AFib and cancer.
Characterization of the inhalable fraction (< 10 μm) of soil from highly urbanized and industrial environments: magnetic measurements, bioaccessibility, Pb isotopes and health risk assessment
Authors: Menegaki Stavroula , Kelepertzis Efstratios , Kypritidou Zacharenia , Lampropoulou Anastasia , Chrastný Vladislav , Aidona Elina , Bourliva Anna , Komárek Michael
Published: June 2024

Soil in urban and industrial areas is one of the main sinks of pollutants. It is well known that there is a strong link between metal(loid)s bioaccessibility by inhalation pathway and human health. The critical size fraction is < 10 μm (inhalable fraction) since these particles can approach to the tracheobronchial region. Here, soil samples (< 10 μm) from a highly urbanized area and an industrialized city were characterized by combining magnetic measurements, bioaccessibility of metal(loids) and Pb isotope analyses. Thermomagnetic analysis indicated that the main magnetic mineral is impure magnetite. In vitro inhalation analysis showed that Cd, Mn, Pb and Zn were the elements with the highest bioaccessibility rates (%) for both settings. Anthropogenic sources that are responsible for Pb accumulation in < 10 μm fraction are traffic emissions for the highly urbanized environment, and Pb related to steel emissions and coal combustion in cement plant for the industrial setting. We did not establish differences in the Pb isotope composition between pseudo-total and bioaccessible Pb. The health risk assessment via the inhalation pathway showed limited non-carcinogenic risks for adults and children. The calculated risks based on pseudo-total and lung bioaccessible concentrations were identical for the two areas of contrasting anthropogenic pressures. Carcinogenic risks were under the threshold levels (CR < 10–4), with Ni being the dominant contributor to risk. This research contributes valuable insights into the lung bioaccessibility of metal(loids) in urban and industrial soils, incorporating advanced analytical techniques and health risk assessments for a comprehensive understanding.
C.I. Acid Black 1 transfer from dilute solution to perlite framework in organic waste management
Authors: Roulia Maria , Vassiliadis Alexandros A.
Published: June 2024

Dyes, considered as toxic and persistent pollutants, must be removed from organic wastes prior to their composting and application in sustainable agriculture. Azo dyes, capable of altering the physicochemical properties of soil, are difficult to expel by conventional wastewater treatments. C.I. Acid Black 1 (AB 1), a sulfonated azo dye, inhibits nitrification and ammonification in the soil, lessens the nitrogen use efficacy in crop production and passes substantially unaltered through an activated sludge process. The retention of C.I. Acid Black 1 by raw and expanded perlite was investigated in order to examine the potential effectiveness of this aluminosilicate material toward organic waste cleanup. Dye adsorption proved spontaneous and endothermic in nature, increasing with temperature for both perlites. Expanded perlite having a more open structure exhibited a better performance compared to the raw material. Several of the most widely recognized two-parameter theoretical models, i.e., Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), Harkins–Jura, Halsey, Henderson, and Smith, were applied to reveal physicochemical features characterizing the adsorption. The Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, BET, Henderson, and Smith equations best fitted experimental data indicating that the adsorption of anionic dye on perlites is controlled by their surface, i.e., non-uniformity in structure and charge. This heterogeneity of surface is considered responsible for promoting specific dye adsorption areas creating dye “islands” with local dye supersaturations.
Sex-specific outcomes and left atrial remodeling following catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation: results from the DECAAF II trial
Authors: Younes Hadi , Sohns Christian , Akoum Nazem , Feng Han , Tsakiris Eli , Hajjar Abdel Hadi El , Donnellan Eoin , Pandey Amitabh C. , Lim Chanho , Bidaoui Ghassan , Mekhael Mario , Noujeim Charbel , Chouman Nour , Assaf Ala , Shamaileh Ghaith , Polo Francisco Tirado , Bsoul Mayana , Dagher Lilas , Kreidieh Omar , Rao Swati , Sommer Philipp , Forkmann Mathias , Brachmann Johannes , Marrouche Nassir , Mahnkopf Christian
Published: June 2024

Background

Catheter ablation is recognized as an effective treatment for atrial fibrillation (AF). Despite its effectiveness, significant sex-specific differences have been observed, which influence the outcomes of the procedure. This study explores these differences in a cohort of patients with persistent AF. We aim to assess sex differences in baseline characteristics, symptoms, quality of life, imaging findings, and response to catheter ablation in patients with persistent AF.

Methods

This post hoc analysis of the DECAAF II trial evaluated 815 patients (161 females, 646 males). Between July 2016 and January 2020, participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to receive either personalized ablation targeting left atrial (LA) fibrosis using DE-MRI in conjunction with pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) or PVI alone. In this analysis, we aimed to compare female and male patients in the full cohort in terms of demographics, risk factors, medications, and outcomes such as AF recurrence, AF burden, LA volume reduction assessed by LGE-MRI before and 3 months after ablation, quality of life assessed by the SF-36 score, and safety outcomes. Statistical methods included t-tests, chi-square, and multivariable Cox regression.

Results

Females were generally older with more comorbidities and experienced higher rates of arrhythmia recurrence post-ablation (53.3% vs. 40.2%, p < 0.01). Females also showed a higher AF burden (21% vs. 16%, p < 0.01) and a smaller reduction in left atrial volume indexed to body surface area post-ablation compared to male patients (8.36 (9.94) vs 11.35 (13.12), p-value 0.019). Quality of life scores were significantly worse in females both pre- and post-ablation (54 vs. 66 pre-ablation; 69 vs. 81 post-ablation, both p < 0.01), despite similar improvements across sexes. Safety outcomes and procedural parameters were similar between male and female patients.

Conclusion

The study highlights significant differences in the outcomes of catheter ablation of persistent AF between sexes, with female patients showing worse quality of life, higher recurrence of AF and AF burden after ablation, and worse LA remodeling.

Graphical Abstract