bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Magneto-mechanical model of ferromagnetic material under a constant weak magnetic field via analytical anhysteresis solution
Authors: Shi Pengpeng
Published: September 2020

The magnetic memory non-destructive testing method can evaluate the early damage such as stress concentration based on the magneto-mechanical effect. Some magneto-mechanical models have been proposed and applied to the mechanism explanation and theoretical analysis of this non-destructive testing method. The present work constitutes a continuing study in questing for a new magneto-mechanical model that is very concise, accurate, and easy to calculate. By introducing a new magnetostrictive expression with a concise and clear physical meaning, a new magneto-mechanical model is proposed under a constant weak magnetic field based on the thermodynamic framework and approach law. Particularly, compared with existing models, an analytical expression of anhysteresis magnetization is obtained for the first time under a constant weak magnetic field, which greatly facilitates the understanding and application of the magneto-mechanical effect. In comparison with the classic Jiles's model, the prediction accuracy is improved greatly based on the present model, particularly for the compression case. A detailed study has also been performed to reveal the effect of cyclic loading on the magneto-mechanical behavior. The present theoretical model established in this paper is hopeful to improve quantitative understanding of magneto-mechanical effects for the magnetic memory method.
Laboratory-based x-ray computed tomography for 3D imaging of samples in a diamond anvil cell in situ at high pressures
Authors: Ohta Kenji , Wakamatsu Tatsuya , Kodama Manabu , Kawamura Katsuyuki , Hirai Shuichiro
Published: September 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) visualization of a material under pressure can provide a great deal of information about its physical and chemical properties. We developed a technique combining in-house x-ray computed tomography (XCT) and a diamond anvil cell to observe the 3D geometry of a sample in situ at high pressure with a spatial resolution of about 610 nm. We realized observations of the 3D morphology and its evolution in minerals up to a pressure of 55.6 GPa, which is comparable to the pressure conditions reported in a previous synchrotron XCT study. The new technique developed here can be applied to a variety of materials under high pressures and has the potential to provide new insights for high-pressure science and technology.
Hydrophobic dewetting in gating and regulation of transmembrane protein ion channels
Authors: Yazdani Mahdieh , Jia Zhiguang , Chen Jianhan
Published: September 2020

Water is at the heart of almost all biological phenomena, without which no life that we know of would have been possible. It is a misleadingly complex liquid that exists in near coexistence with the vapor phase under ambient conditions. Confinement within a hydrophobic cavity can tip this balance enough to drive a cooperative dewetting transition. For a nanometer-scale pore, the dewetting transition leads to a stable dry state that is physically open but impermeable to ions. This phenomenon is often referred to as hydrophobic gating. Numerous transmembrane protein ion channels have now been observed to utilize hydrophobic gating in their activation and regulation. Here, we review recent theoretical, simulation, and experimental studies that together have started to establish the principles of hydrophobic gating and discuss how channels of various sizes, topologies, and biological functions can utilize these principles to control the thermodynamic properties of water within their interior pores for gating and regulation. Exciting opportunities remain in multiple areas, particularly on direct experimental detection of hydrophobic dewetting in biological channels and on understanding how the cell may control the hydrophobic gating in regulation of ion channels.
Deep time-delay reservoir computing: Dynamics and memory capacity
Authors: Goldmann Mirko , Köster Felix , Lüdge Kathy , Yanchuk Serhiy
Published: September 2020

The deep time-delay reservoir computing concept utilizes unidirectionally connected systems with time-delays for supervised learning. We present how the dynamical properties of a deep Ikeda-based reservoir are related to its memory capacity (MC) and how that can be used for optimization. In particular, we analyze bifurcations of the corresponding autonomous system and compute conditional Lyapunov exponents, which measure generalized synchronization between the input and the layer dynamics. We show how the MC is related to the systems’ distance to bifurcations or magnitude of the conditional Lyapunov exponent. The interplay of different dynamical regimes leads to an adjustable distribution between the linear and nonlinear MC. Furthermore, numerical simulations show resonances between the clock cycle and delays of the layers in all degrees of MC. Contrary to MC losses in single-layer reservoirs, these resonances can boost separate degrees of MC and can be used, e.g., to design a system with maximum linear MC. Accordingly, we present two configurations that empower either high nonlinear MC or long time linear MC.
Coupled radiative and convective heat transfer in enclosures: Effect of inner heater–enclosure wall emissivity contrast
Authors: Saravanan S. , Raja N.
Published: September 2020

The problem of thermal radiation in the presence of nonuniform emissivity arising through different types surfaces involved in thermal-control systems is addressed. In particular, its effect on natural convection driven by an inner hot plate kept inside a square enclosure is studied. The enclosure considered is either horizontally or vertically cooled, and two different primary orientations of the inner hot plate are considered. The corresponding governing partial differential equations were solved by the finite volume method on a uniform and regular grid system. While doing so, the net radiation method was used to determine the radiative surface fluxes. The effect of two opposing emissivity contrasts between the inner hot plate and enclosure walls is studied for the Rayleigh numbers Ra ≤ 107. The flow and heat transfer mechanisms at the resulting steady state are discussed via isotherms, streamlines, and average Nusselt number Nu¯. The findings arrived out of this comprehensive study shows that prominent heat transfer enhancement occurs when the emissivity of the inner hot plate is higher. Significant changes introduced by the emissivity contrast in the velocity and temperature fields can be seen for higher Rayleigh numbers. Moreover, better heat removal through the combined radiation and convection mechanism is observed invariably for the vertical hot plate in the presence of emissivity contrast. It is found that the heat transfer can be augmented up to around 35% through a good knowledge of the emissivity contrast.
Static array of droplets and on-demand recovery for biological assays
Authors: Han Syung Hun , Kim Junhyong , Lee Daeyeon
Published: September 2020

Microfluidics has revolutionized several research areas by providing compact yet powerful microanalytical devices that in many cases outperform conventional systems. Among different microfluidics technologies, droplet microfluidics has emerged as a powerful platform to enable analyses of biological samples and phenomena because of its simplicity and versatility. Droplet microfluidics enables high-throughput encapsulation, manipulation, and analysis of single cells while drastically reducing the cost and time required by conventional technologies. For many of these microanalysis systems, manipulation of individual droplets is extremely important as it enables multiplexed high dimensional phenotyping of the targets, going beyond surface phenotyping. One of the key manipulation steps that needs to be implemented with high precision is enabling long-term observation of droplets and recovery of a subset of these droplets for further analysis. This Perspective highlights the recent advances and provides an outlook on future developments that will enable highly complex analyses of biological samples.
Open science, communal culture, and women’s participation in the movement to improve science
Authors: Murphy Mary C. , Mejia Amanda F. , Mejia Jorge , Yan Xiaoran , Cheryan Sapna , Dasgupta Nilanjana , Destin Mesmin , Fryberg Stephanie A. , Garcia Julie A. , Haines Elizabeth L. , Harackiewicz Judith M. , Ledgerwood Alison , Moss-Racusin Corinne A. , Park Lora E. , Perry Sylvia P. , Ratliff Kate A. , Rattan Aneeta , Sanchez Diana T. , Savani Krishna , Sekaquaptewa Denise , Smith Jessi L. , Taylor Valerie Jones , Thoman Dustin B. , Wout Daryl A. , Mabry Patricia L. , Ressl Susanne , Diekman Amanda B. , Pestilli Franco
Published: September 2020

Significance

Science is rapidly changing with the current movement to improve science focused largely on reproducibility/replicability and open science practices. Through network modeling and semantic analysis, this article provides an initial exploration of the structure, cultural frames of collaboration and prosociality, and representation of women in the open science and reproducibility literatures. Network analyses reveal that the open science and reproducibility literatures are emerging relatively independently with few common papers or authors. Open science has a more collaborative structure and includes more explicit language reflecting communality and prosociality than does reproducibility. Finally, women publish more frequently in high-status author positions within open science compared with reproducibility. Implications for cultivating a diverse, collaborative culture of science are discussed.
Overstated carbon emission reductions from voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon
Authors: West Thales A. P. , Börner Jan , Sills Erin O. , Kontoleon Andreas
Published: September 2020

Significance

There are efforts to integrate the reduced carbon emissions from avoided deforestation claimed by voluntary REDD+ projects into national greenhouse gas emission inventories. This requires careful consideration of whether and how much of the reduced carbon emissions can be attributed to projects. However, credible evidence on the effectiveness of such voluntary activities is limited. We adopted the quasi-experimental synthetic control method to examine the causal effects of 12 voluntary REDD+ projects in the Brazilian Amazon. We compared these ex-post estimates of impacts with the reductions in forest loss claimed by those projects based on ex-ante baselines. Results suggest that the accepted methodologies for quantifying carbon credits overstate impacts on avoided deforestation and climate change mitigation.
Political partisanship influences behavioral responses to governors’ recommendations for COVID-19 prevention in the United States
Authors: Grossman Guy , Kim Soojong , Rexer Jonah M. , Thirumurthy Harsha
Published: September 2020

Voluntary physical distancing is essential for preventing the spread of COVID-19. We assessed the role of political partisanship in individuals’ compliance with physical distancing recommendations of political leaders using data on mobility from a sample of mobile phones in 3,100 counties in the United States during March 2020, county-level partisan preferences, information about the political affiliation of state governors, and the timing of their communications about COVID-19 prevention. Regression analyses examined how political preferences influenced the association between governors’ COVID-19 communications and residents’ mobility patterns. Governors’ recommendations for residents to stay at home preceded stay-at-home orders and led to a significant reduction in mobility that was comparable to the effect of the orders themselves. Effects were larger in Democratic- than in Republican-leaning counties, a pattern more pronounced under Republican governors. Democratic-leaning counties also responded more strongly to recommendations from Republican than from Democratic governors. Political partisanship influences citizens’ decisions to voluntarily engage in physical distancing in response to communications by their governor.
Architecture of DNA elements mediating ARF transcription factor binding and auxin-responsive gene expression in
Arabidopsis
Authors: Freire-Rios Alejandra , Tanaka Keita , Crespo Isidro , van der Wijk Elmar , Sizentsova Yana , Levitsky Victor , Lindhoud Simon , Fontana Mattia , Hohlbein Johannes , Boer D. Roeland , Mironova Victoria , Weijers Dolf
Published: September 2020

Significance

The plant hormone auxin controls many aspects of growth and development. It does so by changing the activity of AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR (ARF) proteins that recognize specific DNA elements in plant genes and switch gene expression on or off. A major question in plant biology is how these ARF proteins bind unique DNA sequences and thus select which genes are regulated by auxin. Here, the authors systematically study the DNA architecture required for high-affinity binding of ARF proteins, and for auxin-dependent gene regulation in the plant
Arabidopsis thaliana
. This work shows that repeats of ARF recognition sites are critical for function, and reveals the molecular basis for the distinct activities of different repeat structures.
Donor-derived spermatogenesis following stem cell transplantation in sterile
NANOS2
knockout males
Authors: Ciccarelli Michela , Giassetti Mariana I. , Miao Deqiang , Oatley Melissa J. , Robbins Colton , Lopez-Biladeau Blanca , Waqas Muhammad Salman , Tibary Ahmed , Whitelaw Bruce , Lillico Simon , Park Chi-Hun , Park Ki-Eun , Telugu Bhanu , Fan Zhiqiang , Liu Ying , Regouski Misha , Polejaeva Irina A. , Oatley Jon M.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Transfer of sperm-producing stem cells isolated from a donor male into testes of a recipient male has important applications for preserving germplasm and as a conduit for widespread dissemination of desirable genetics in livestock production. A key aspect is surrogate males that lack endogenous germline but are otherwise physiologically normal. Here we demonstrate that male mice, pigs, and goats rendered genetically sterile by CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the
NANOS2
gene support donor-derived spermatogenesis following allogeneic stem cell transplantation. In addition, we show that CRISPR-Cas9 editing of the
NANOS2
gene in cattle leads to male germline ablation. These findings represent a major advance toward surrogate sires becoming a tool for disseminating and regenerating germplasm in all mammals.
Early preference for face-like stimuli in solitary species as revealed by tortoise hatchlings
Authors: Versace Elisabetta , Damini Silvia , Stancher Gionata
Published: September 2020

At the beginning of life, inexperienced babies and human fetuses, domestic chicks, and monkeys exhibit a preference for faces and face-like configurations (three blobs arranged like an upside-down triangle). Because all of these species have parental care, it is not clear whether the early preference for faces is a mechanism for orienting toward the conspecifics and sustaining parental care, or a more general mechanism to attend to living beings. We contrasted these hypotheses by testing inexperienced hatchlings of five species of tortoises, solitary animals with no parental care. If early face-like preference evolved in the context of parental care, solitary species should not exhibit it. We observed that visually naïve tortoises prefer to approach face-like patterns over alternative configurations. The predisposition to approach face-like stimuli observed in hatchlings of these solitary species suggests the presence of an ancient mechanism, ancestral to the evolution of reptiles and mammals, that sustains the exploratory responses, and potentially learning, in both solitary and social species.
Goal-directed and stimulus-driven selection of internal representations
Authors: van Ede Freek , Board Alexander G. , Nobre Anna C.
Published: September 2020

Significance

Everyday behavior relies on continuously selecting relevant information from the external environment as well as from internal representations in working memory. In describing the selection of external objects, a longstanding distinction is proposed between goal-directed (voluntary) and stimulus-driven (involuntary) sources of attentional selection. We voluntarily attend to things that are relevant to our goals, but our attention may also be captured involuntarily by salient events in the external world. Yet despite decades of research on how these two sources guide our perception (external selection), to date no study has examined whether and how these two sources jointly influence the selection of internal memory representations. With innovative experimental manipulations and behavioral markers of internal selection, we fill this important gap.
Visualizing conical intersection passages via vibronic coherence maps generated by stimulated ultrafast X-ray Raman signals
Authors: Keefer Daniel , Schnappinger Thomas , de Vivie-Riedle Regina , Mukamel Shaul
Published: September 2020

Significance

The capabilities of modern X-ray sources have substantially increased the temporal and spectral resolutions for the observation of elementary molecular events. Theoretically, it has been shown that these unique features can be exploited to probe vibronic coherences that emerge when molecules pass through conical intersections. Here, we demonstrate this technique for the photorelaxation of the RNA-nucleobase uracil after UV excitation. The generated coherence maps reveal the path of the nuclear wavepacket on the excited-state surface in the vicinity of the conical intersection. This information is directly accessible from the spectroscopically recorded signal. Being transferrable to other molecules, these coherence maps will provide detailed visualizations of other nonadiabatic passages in the future.
Grammatical metaphor of Transitivity, Mood and Modality in
Japanese
Authors: Fukuda Kazuo
Published: September 2020

In this chapter, we consider the applicability of
the notion of grammatical metaphor to the study of Japanese.
We take up Transitivity and reconfirm the fundamental concepts of
grammatical metaphor, and introduce the notions of softening and strengthening metaphors as a way of understanding Mood and Modality metaphors. We then discuss the distinction
between the Mood-shifting type and the Mood-shift-unbound type of metaphors, and consider the derived metaphors of Mood as well as the meta-Mood
and meta-Modality metaphors. We contrast ‘daroo’ with
English ‘will/would’ and ‘to omoimasu’ with English ‘I
think’ and examine their similarities and differences. Finally, we
argue that grammatical metaphor is viable for the analysis of not only English but also Japanese.
Sustainability criteria of apicultural industry: evidence from Iran
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad Kazem , Abbasi Enayat , Bijani Masoud , Tahmasbi Gholamhosein , Azimi Dezfouli Ali Akbar
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to determine the sustainability criteria of the beekeeping industry in Iran, which was performed using three-stage classical Delphi technique. The participants were 32 experts in beekeeping industry who were purposefully selected using the snowball sampling method. The criteria identified, after three Delphi stages, consisted of 70 items, which were categorized into 13 general criteria and into four economic, environmental, social, and institutional dimensions. The general criteria were presented in the form of a conceptual model, including: farmers’ environmental behavior quality, beekeepers' environmental behavior quality, the quality of marketing and sales of beekeeping productions, productivity and performance improvement, amount of monetization from pollinations' right, the amount of monetization of byproducts and value added, employment rate and job stability, the level of social development of stakeholders, the quality of the role-playing of non-governmental stakeholders, the quality of extension and education new sciences and technologies to stakeholders, comprehensiveness of laws and programs, quality of role-playing of stakeholder non-governmental organizations, and the quality of the roleplaying of governmental institutions stakeholder. Using them, a comprehensive perception of the necessary criteria for the sustainability of Iran's beekeeping industry can be obtained and a comprehensive program can be designed for its implementation.
Stable inheritance of CENP-A chromatin: Inner strength versus dynamic control
Authors: Mitra Sreyoshi , Srinivasan Bharath , Jansen Lars E.T.
Published: September 2020

Chromosome segregation during cell division is driven by mitotic spindle attachment to the centromere region on each chromosome. Centromeres form a protein scaffold defined by chromatin featuring CENP-A, a conserved histone H3 variant, in a manner largely independent of local DNA cis elements. CENP-A nucleosomes fulfill two essential criteria to epigenetically identify the centromere. They undergo self-templated duplication to reestablish centromeric chromatin following DNA replication. More importantly, CENP-A incorporated into centromeric chromatin is stably transmitted through consecutive cell division cycles. CENP-A nucleosomes have unique structural properties and binding partners that potentially explain their long lifetime in vivo. However, rather than a static building block, centromeric chromatin is dynamically regulated throughout the cell cycle, indicating that CENP-A stability is also controlled by external factors. We discuss recent insights and identify the outstanding questions on how dynamic control of the long-term stability of CENP-A ensures epigenetic centromere inheritance.
Volume-preserving strategies to improve the mixing efficiency of serpentine micromixers
Authors: Razavi Bazaz Sajad , Hazeri Amir Hossein , Rouhi Omid , Mehrizi Ali Abouei , Jin Dayong , Warkiani Majid Ebrahimi
Published: September 2020

In this study, we have proposed volume-preserving strategies to boost chaoticadvection and improve the mixing efficiency of serpentine micromixers. The proposed strategies revolve around the point that the volume of the micromixer is kept constant during the manipulation. The first strategy involves the utilization of a nozzle-diffuser (ND) shaped microchannel. Using this, the velocity of the fluids fluctuates in an alternating pattern, leading to additional chaotic advection, a decrease in the mixing path, and an increase in the mixing index. The second strategy uses non-aligned inlets to generate swirl inducing effects at the microchannel entrance, where the collision of two fluids generates angular momentum in the flow, providing more chaotic advection. These strategies proved to be effective in boosting the mixing efficiency over wide ranges of Re in which 60% enhancement (from 20.53% to 80.31%) was achieved for Re of 30 by applying an ND shaped microchannel, and 20% enhancement (from 12.71% to 32.21%) was achieved for a critical Re of 15 by applying both of the strategies simultaneously.
High performance sodium-ion full battery based on one-dimensional nanostructures: the case of Na0.44MnO2 cathode and MoS2 anode
Authors: Peng Bo , Gao Jingyu , Sun Zhihao , Li Jie , Zhang Genqiang
Published: September 2020

Transition metal oxides have been considered as one of the most promising cathode candidates for sodium ion batteries (SIBs). Tunnel type Na0.44MnO2, a typical cathode material for sodium ion battery, shows hopeful potential for future practical SIBs as large-scale electric energy storage system due to the low-cost and environment-friendly virtues. However, poor cyclability and rate performance of Na0.44MnO2 ascribed to the slow kinetic and structural degradation have limited its practical application. Herein, single crystalline hinged nanorod shaped Na0.44MnO2 (NMO-HNR) is designed by simple solid reaction. By testing the electrochemical performances of NMO-HNR samples which are synthesized at different annealing temperatures, the effects of grain size and crystallinity on electrochemical properties are investigated in detail. Thanks to the robust structure of hinged nanorod which is identified by structural and morphological characteristics after deep cycling, all the samples exhibit outstanding cyclability. Especially, the optimized NMO-HNR-900 material could deliver prominent capacity retention of 93.6% after cycling 1800 cycles at 2 A g−1. More importantly, the full battery performance based on Na0.44MnO2 cathode and MoS2 anode is first reported in this work. As a consequence, NMO-HNR-900//Co9S8@MoS2 HNT full-cell can deliver a decent cycling property with a capacity retention of 72.1% after 80 cycles.
Immobilization of hemoglobin on MnCO3 sphere-loaded Au nanoparticles as highly efficient sensing platform towards hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Xu Linyi , Li Jing , Shi Weishan , Bao Ning , Yu Chunmei
Published: September 2020

In this paper, we report the synthesis of MnCO3−Au hybrid microspheres and their application on the electrochemical biosensing of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) based on the immobilization of hemoglobin (Hb). The characterization of MnCO3−Au microspheres revealed that an abundance of Au nanoparticles (AuNPs) has been absorbed on the surface of the spherical MnCO3 by the electrostatic assembly. The combined unique properties of MnCO3−Au microspheres are beneficial for the realization of the direct electron transfer of Hb. Hb immobilized on the microspheres maintained its biological activity, showing a surface-controlled process with the heterogeneous electron transfer rate constant (k
s) of 2.63 s−1. The fabricated biosensor displayed an excellent performance for the electrocatalytic reduction of H2O2. The linear range for the determination of H2O2 was from 0.06–40.0 μM with a detection limit of 0.015 µM (S/N = 3). The biosensor also exhibited high selectivity, good repeatability and long-term stability, which offers great potential for H2O2 detection in real sample analysis.
Tracking atomic structure evolution during directed electron beam induced Si-atom motion in graphene via deep machine learning
Authors: Maxim Ziatdinov , Jesse Stephen , Sumpter Bobby G , Kalinin Sergei V , Dyck Ondrej
Published: September 2020

Using electron beam manipulation, we enable deterministic motion of individual Si atoms in graphene along predefined trajectories. Structural evolution during the dopant motion was explored, providing information on changes of the Si atom neighborhood during atomic motion and providing statistical information of possible defect configurations. The combination of a Gaussian mixture model and principal component analysis applied to the deep learning-processed experimental data allowed disentangling of the atomic distortions for two different graphene sublattices. This approach demonstrates the potential of e-beam manipulation to create defect libraries of multiple realizations of the same defect and explore the potential of symmetry breaking physics. The rapid image analytics enabled via a deep learning network further empowers instrumentation for e-beam controlled atom-by-atom fabrication. The analysis described in the paper can be reproduced via an interactive Jupyter notebook at https://git.io/JJ3Bx
Silk industry waste protein: isolation, purification and fabrication of electrospun silk protein nanofibers as a possible nanocarrier for floating drug delivery
Authors: Nangare Sopan , Dugam Shailesh , Patil Pravin , Tade Rahul , Jadhav Namdeo
Published: September 2020

Amongst assorted regio-selective and targeted oral drug delivery strategies accepted for the gastro-retentive drug delivery system (GRDDS), the floating drug delivery system (FDDS) holds a major share as clinically accepted formulations. The major objective of the present investigation was to explore the silk industry waste protein, silk fibroin (SF) as a possible electrospun nanocarrier for the FDDS. In a nutshell, electrospinning (ES) is one of the flexible and astonishing strategies for the fabrication of porous electrospun nanofibers (NFs), which offers the potential to amend the floating profile, dissolution rate, solubility, and release patterns of the drug, etc as per compendial requirements. Looking at the prospects of floating SF-NFs preparation, we have isolated and lyophilized the SF from industrial waste cocoons and prepared drug-loaded SF single polymer nanofibers (SPN). Lafutidine (LF) being a good candidate for GRDDS selected as a model drug, which is an excellent proton pump inhibitor, mainly used in the treatment of gastric ulcers. Finally, the obtained LF loaded SF-NFs (LF-SF-NFs) were successfully analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, porosity, swelling index, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, floating properties, enzymatic degradation, and accelerated stability study, etc. Further, these LF-SF-NFs were evaluated for percent drug content, weight variation, in-vitro dissolution in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl, pH:1.2) and fasted state simulated gastric fluid (FSSGF), and accelerated stability study. It has shown significant floating time >18 h, about 99% ± 0.58% floating buoyancy with sustained release up to 24 h. LF-SF-NFs showed good compatibility, entrapment efficiency, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion strength, enzymatic degradation, and long term stability. Soon, the essential floating and drug release profiles can claim single polymer (SF) based electrospun protein NFs as a possible novel oral nanocarrier for FDDS.
Thermodynamics of non-elementary chemical reaction networks
Authors: Avanzini Francesco , Falasco Gianmaria , Esposito Massimiliano
Published: September 2020

We develop a thermodynamic framework for closed and open chemical networks applicable to non-elementary reactions that do not need to obey mass action kinetics. It only requires the knowledge of the kinetics and of the standard chemical potentials, and makes use of the topological properties of the network (conservation laws and cycles). Our approach is proven to be exact if the network results from a bigger network of elementary reactions where the fast-evolving species have been coarse grained. Our work should be particularly relevant for energetic considerations in biosystems where the characterization of the elementary dynamics is seldomly achieved.
The effects of the spin-induced quadrupole on the equatorial motion in Kerr spacetime
Authors: Yang Bo , Jiang Chunhua , Lin Wenbin
Published: September 2020

The second post-Newtonian solution for the equatorial motion of a test particle in the Kerr spacetime is derived under the harmonic coordinates. The effects of the spin-induced quadrupole on the equatorial motion are obtained. The solution is formulated in terms of the Kerr black hole’s mass and spin, as well as the particle’s orbital energy and angular momentum.
Tests of discrete symmetries in positronium decays with the J-PET detector
Authors: Czerwiński E
Published: September 2020

The newly constructed Jagiellonian Positron Emission Tomograph (J-PET) is the first tomograph built from plastic scintillators. As a detector optimized for the registration of photons from the electron-positron annihilations, it also capable to tests discrete symmetries in decays of positronium atoms via the determination of the expectation values of the discrete-symmetries-odd operators, which may be constructed from the spin of ortho-positronium atom and the momenta and polarization vectors of photons originating from its annihilation.
Measurements of the Higgs Boson Properties at the ATLAS Experiment
Authors: Biglietti M
Published: September 2020

Measurements sensitive to the Higgs boson production and decay performed at the Large Hadron Collider by the ATLAS experiment are reviewed. They are based on the analyses of 13 TeV proton-proton collision data collected between 2015 and 2017, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging from 36 to 80 fb−1. Different analyses are discussed and the combined constraints on the Higgs boson couplings are also summarised.
Study of ŋ-meson Decays at KLOE/KLOE-2
Authors: Kang X
Published: September 2020

As a φ-factory, KLOE/KLOE-2 has a very large and clean ŋ sample, which supports plenty of related precision measurements. This report presents the recent results and status on the ŋ-meson decays from KLOE/KLOE-2 experiments, including the search of the C-violating decay

η
→
γ
γ
γ

, the determination of the CP asymmetry in

η
→

π
+

π
−

e
+

e
−

, the precision measurement of the

η
→

π
+

π
−

π
0

Dalitz plot distribution, the search of the CP-violating decay

η
→

π
+

π
−

and the precision measurement of

O

(p
6) dominated decay

η
→
γ
γ

π
0

.
Electric Dipole Moment Measurements at Storage Rings
Authors: Pretz J
Published: September 2020

Electric Dipole Moments (EDM) of elementary particles, including hadrons, are considered as one of the most powerful tools to discover CP-violation beyond the already known sources of the Standard Model. Such CP-violating mechanisms are required to explain the dominance of matter over anti-matter in our universe.

Up to now experiments concentrated on neutral systems. Storage rings offer the possibility to measure EDMs of charged particles by observing the influence of the EDM on the spin motion. Different options and a strategy towards storage ring EDM measurements will be discussed.
Examining the joint effects of heatwaves, air pollution, and green space on the risk of preterm birth in California
Authors: Sun Yi , Ilango Sindana D , Schwarz Lara , Wang Qiong , Chen Jiu-Chiuan , Lawrence Jean M , Wu Jun , Benmarhnia Tarik
Published: September 2020

Background. Exposure to high air temperature in late pregnancy is increasingly recognized as a risk factor for preterm birth (PTB). However, the combined effects of heatwaves with air pollution and green space are still unexplored. In the context of climate change, investigating the interaction between environmental factors and identifying communities at higher risk is important to better understand the etiological mechanisms and design targeted interventions towards certain women during pregnancy. Objectives. To examine the combined effects of heatwaves, air pollution and green space exposure on the risk of PTB. Methods. California birth certificate records for singleton births (2005–2013) were obtained. Residential zip code-specific daily temperature during the last week of gestation was used to create 12 definitions of heatwave with varying temperature thresholds and durations. We fit multi-level Cox proportional hazard models with time to PTB as the outcome and gestational week as the temporal unit. Relative risk due to interaction (RERI) was applied to estimate the additive interactive effect of air pollution and green space on the effect of heatwaves on PTB. Results. In total, 1 967 300 births were included in this study. For PM2.5, PM10 and O3, we found positive additive interactions (RERIs >0) between heatwaves and higher air pollution levels. Combined effects of heatwaves and green space indicated negative interactions (RERIs <0) for less intense heatwaves (i.e. shorter duration or relatively low temperature), whereas there were potential positive interactions (RERIs >0) for more intense heatwaves. Conclusion. This study found synergistic harmful effects for heatwaves with air pollution, and potential positive interactions with lack of green space on PTB. Implementing interventions, such as heat warning systems and behavioral changes, targeted toward pregnant women at risk for high air pollution and low green space exposures may optimize the benefits of reducing acute exposure to extreme heat before delivery.
Collision Risk Analysis and Oil Spill Dispersion Modelling in Lombok Strait
Authors: Dinariyana A A B , Avesina M A , Sambodho K , Fahrirozan F
Published: September 2020

Lombok Strait is one of the water areas that designated for international shipping lanes since it has been adopted as the Indonesia Archipelagic Sea lane (IASL) II in 1998. Foreign-flagged ships passing through the strait from southbound to northbound and vice versa. Along with being an archipelagic sea lane, the strait also occupied by high-density crossing traffic connecting Bali and Lombok islands. This crossing traffic mainly dominated by passenger ferry Ro-Ro and pleasure ships as both Bali and Lombok islands are well known as tourist destinations. Aside from being a tourist destination, several islands around the Lombok Strait are also dedicated to Marine Protected Areas (MPA). There are two areas designated for MPA by the Indonesian government in the vicinity of Lombok Strait; Nusa Penida on the west side of IASL II and Gili Matra on the east side. The traffic condition allows the potential for collisions on ships passing through and crossing the Lombok Strait which is very likely caused by navigation errors, human errors, weather conditions, and other technical problems. This study aims to determine the collision risk analysis in terms of annual frequency of collision and grounding as well as the potential dispersion of oil that occurs in the event of a ship collision near the MPA of Nusa Penida. Based on one-year traffic data and forecasted to 20 years, collision and grounding frequencies analysis was conducted using iWRAP method. The analysis found that annual frequency including head-on, overtaking, crossing, merging, bend, and grounding is 4.73×10-1. In addition to the frequency of collisions, oil spill dispersion simulations were carried out using GNOME under two different conditions wind and sea current directions; wind and sea currents that heading to the Northwest, and Southwest. Given a scenario of collision occurred close to Nusa Penida island involving tanker ship that resulting hull damage and oil spill while the wind and sea current directed to Southwest, simulation resulting that oil spill will disperse and polluting MPA of Nusa Penida.
Risk assessment of ships collision during installation of anode protection on subsea gas pipeline located in Surabaya West Access Channel
Authors: Handani D W , Pitana T , Dinariyana A A B , Pratama R L
Published: September 2020

Subsea pipeline is one of alternatives to transport gas from offshore platform to onshore production facility. In Surabaya West Access Channel (APBS), there are some subsea gas pipelines lay on seabed. Maintenance of subsea pipeline should be carried out to ensure the sustainability of gas delivery, such as replacement of Sacrificial Anode Cathodic Protection. Since the replacement activity includes operation of Diving Support Vessel (DSV) along the subsea pipeline, it could potentially induce ship collision between DSV with other ships passing through the channel. This paper carried out a risk assessment of ship collision during replacement of anodes of subsea gas pipeline in APBS. The frequency of ship collision is analyzed by using Computerized Risk Assessment of Shipping Hazards (CRASH) and Traffic Based Models. The consequence is analyzed using Finite Element Method (FEM) which results the impact of collision on the hull of ship. Deformation of hull requires cost of repair which further becomes the outcome of consequences analysis. The risk is represented in the risk matrix which adopted from the Australian Standard Guidelines. The result shows that frequency of collision is 0.1342 per year while the consequences analysis results US$ 2,160,077 which required for repair. The risk representation shows that the anodes replacement has an extreme risk level based on the Australian Standard Guidelines. Further preventive measures are required to reduce the level of risk to be medium or low level of risk.
Maritime Aerial Surveillance: Integration Manual Identification System to Automatic Identification System
Authors: Dahana U , Gurning R O S
Published: September 2020

Indonesia has an almost 100,000 km coastline with a very busy shipping and maritime activity. To regulate ship traffic, the government relies on Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) and Automatic Identification System (AIS). VTS functions like Air Traffic Control (ATC) in commercial flight traffic control, which relies on radio conversations to communicate between VTS officers and the ship’s captain. While AIS uses transponders mounted on ships to send ship position data which are then displayed virtually in the form of ship icons. However, both VTS and AIS do not display the real picture of the ship’s description. VTS, AIS Receiver and Electronic Chart Display Information System (ECDIS only presented the ship’s movement through radio voice and the ship’s icon on the monitor. With Reporting Interval from 2 seconds until 180 seconds. It is because AIS is designated to send data every 2 – 180 seconds depending on vessel moving status. But within the reporting interval 180 seconds, the condition of the ship can change a lot. This is the motivation of this paper was written to propose monitoring vessel traffic through an aerial flying camera that can monitor real ships with cinematic class video quality in real-time because the video latency can be achieved faster than 10 milliseconds. The research is conduct by simultaneous monitoring the marine traffic through web and launching the flying camera at the same time and place. And the results is very surprises, because many ship found not AIS detected compare to flying camera results video.
Study of Green-Ship Routing Problem (G-VRP) Optimization for Indonesia LNG Distribution
Authors: Siahaan Joshua J A , Pratiwi E , Setyorini P D
Published: September 2020

Natural gas is distributed around Indonesia mainly to be used as fuel in electrical power plants. The increase of consumption of electricity in Indonesia is on average of 6.8% annually. In response, the government considers developing gas power plants in central parts of Indonesia. As an archipelago, Indonesia depends heavily in connectivity between islands which is obviously supported by seaborne vessels or ships. These facts make the LNG transportation a complex matter in Indonesia. The distribution of LNG by ship can be designed as a hub and spokes liner shipping. A single hub and spokes network has one hub port and several feeder ports. In LNG supply chain network, the hub is the liquefaction plant and the feeder ports are receiving terminals. Various optimization methods have been established to optimally utilize a fleet. Other than the cost-efficiency, there are other considerations in optimizing the fleet. One of the current trending considerations is the emission. In the past few years, concern about environment has been increasing. IMO released a number based on research that shows that maritime transportation has 2.7% contribution to global anthropogenic emission. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal fleet and its routes of an LNG shipping to minimize the CO2 emission while also minimizing the cost of LNG distribution in central part of Indonesia that covers South Eastern Sulawesi. Demand points are the power plants of Kendari, Baubau, Selayar, Bombana, and Kolaka with a total of 828 m3 daily needs for LNG. The cost calculation was done in a G-VRP framework which took emission into account. A method called Bin Packing Problem within the context of Vehicle Routing Problem was established to minimize the total distribution cost and emission for each cluster. After acquiring the best route and fleet option, this research compared and analysed the benefits of using conventional diesel engine and a dual fuel diesel engine scenario for the chosen vessel. The result of this optimization study shown that the transportation shall use one unit of type-A ships with a capacity of 1100 m3 for the routes Ambon-Bombana-Kolaka Utara-Ambon. And two units of type-B ship with a capacity of 2500 m3 for Ambon-Kendari-Ambon and Ambon-Baubau-Selayar-Ambon route. All ships use LNG as fuel. The total expense for this scenario is $2,980,768.63 and the use of dual fuel diesel engine instead of a conventional diesel engine for the ships can reduce the total costs by $2,434,348.97 or 44.95%.
Ship to Crane Allision Assessment
Authors: Ardarifa D A , Gurning R O S
Published: September 2020

According to IMO, international trade 90% depends on seaborne trade. As demands continue to arise, ship’s size continues to increase simultaneously. As loading unloading occurs in port, safety issue regarding ship’s berthing is matters. This study aims to propose a process developing of safety factors in ship’s berthing, which might induce to an allision between ships and cranes. There are several risk factors such technical skills, communication issue, organizational gaps, port layout and facilities, and navigation. The identified risk events are ship’s maneuverability failure, ship’s machinery failure, and ship navigation failure, Meanwhile, the are six identified risk agents, there are lack of pilot competencies, insufficient tugboat power, climate condition, lack of competencies from crew on board, bad berthing procedures given by harbour master, and communication issue between port officer, boatmen, and tugboat pilots.
Redesign KCR 60m Bow with Axe Bow Type To Reduce Ship Resistance
Authors: Kusuma C , Ariana I M , Ali B
Published: September 2020

Indonesian Navy continues to build 60 Meter Fast Missile Boat (KCR-60) is one of them and acts as a fast patrol boat and high-speed combatant ship in the archipelago warfare. The bow of the ship is an important part in the design of the ship as well as the bow of the KCR-60, because it is the most stressed, stressed from the waves, with the bow design that has a bow profile like an axe, the slender shape of the waterline is able to reduce the impact waves, increase the efficiency of the inflow rate, reduce the resistance of the vessel received so increase a better speed. This study changed the design of the Conventional Bow KCR-60 into the Axe Bow design concept with numerically calculated the total resistance of the Bow Bow design using the Holtrop method and performed a comparative analysis with the computing program MARIN DESPPC 1999 and Maxsurf Resistance V8i software. The results of this study found the total resistance value of KCR-60 Axe Bow type at 28 Knots speed was 364.2 KN and Conventional Bow type was 374.5 KN, the difference was 10.3 kN or 2.75% smaller than the Conventional Bow type in the analysis comparison of Maxsurf Resistance V8i software. For comparative analysis of the MARIN DESPPC 1999 program the total resistance value of the KCR-60 Axe Bow concept at 28 Knots is 283.6 KN and the Conventional Bow type is 288.1 KN, the difference is 4.5 KN 1.56% smaller than the Conventional type.
Near Miss Detection for Encountering Ships in Sunda Strait
Authors: Prastyasari F I , Shinoda T
Published: September 2020

Sunda Strait has played an essential role to the Indonesian marine transportation. Safety of navigation is one issue that often leads to an accident, especially ship collision. A collision risk assessment in a waterway is critical not only to predict the probability of collision accident but also to understand its consequences to human life, shipping company, as well as to the environment. However, it could be hard to evaluate the accident due to the scarcity of real accident data. Thus, a near miss analysis can be considered as an equivalent substitute. A one-week of Automatic Identification System (AIS) data is taken as the sample to test the methodology proposed in this paper. The target area of the near miss analysis discussed in this paper is TSS area in Sunda Strait. To categorise the encounter as a safe or unsafe encounter, this paper utilises the closest point of approach (CPA) as the indicator and it contains two parameters, the distance to CPA (DCPA) and the time to CPA (TCPA). Four values of DCPA and TCPA are used as the threshold, those are introduced by Park, Fukuto and Imazu, Goodwin, and Limbach. In this time range, 135929 sample data are collected, but only 92,379 points from 276 ships are found inside the target area. The number of situations that are categorized as near miss encounters (NNM) for each threshold are 1668, 5870, 9370, and 13549, respectively. The combined threshold is proposed to adjust with the condition of Sunda Strait and produce a result with 9,946 points detected as near miss encounter.