bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zn2+ Recognition for Pathogenesis of Pick's Disease via a Luminescent Test Kit
Authors: Ghosh Pritam , Pramanik Koushik , Paul Suparna , Dey Debanjan , Kumar Chandra Swapan , Kanti Mukhopadhyay Subhra , Chandra Murmu Naresh , Banerjee Priyabrata
Published: July 2021

The pathogenesis of Pick's disease is feasible by detection of the elevated level of Zn2+ in the body fluids. This work aims towards developing a suitable chemosensor towards detection of Zn2+ in human urine specimen and inside eukaryotic cell line. Fluorescence “turn on” in the presence of Zn2+ makes the chemosensor suitable for its utility in Pick's disease diagnosis. Real urine sample analysis together within cell detection of Zn2+ was successful which leads towards the design and fabrication of a “ready‐to‐use” test kit for Zn2+ recognition from human urine specimen.
Vaccination anxiety when vaccinations are available: The role of existential concerns
Authors: Bodner Ehud , Bergman Yoav S. , Ben‐David Boaz , Palgi Yuval
Published: July 2021

This study examined how existential fears are related to COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety and followed the Terror Management Theory (TMT) by examining the contribution of two existential concerns, subjective nearness‐to‐death (SNtD) and death anxiety, to COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety during the first month of COVID‐19 vaccinations. Data were collected during January 2021, when Israel was in lockdown, from a convenience sample of 381 Jewish Israelis (M = 55.39, SD = 17.17). Participants completed questionnaires examining demographics, SNtD, death anxiety and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety. A hierarchical regression analysis examined the connections between these variables and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety while controlling for demographics and for receiving COVID‐19 vaccinations. In line with the hypotheses, SNtD and death anxiety were each positively associated with COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety, and death anxiety levels moderated the positive connection between SNtD and COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety, as this association was not significant for individuals with low death anxiety. The findings of this study provide preliminary evidence concerning the role of death anxiety in moderating the effect that SNtD has on COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety. These findings are in line with the TMT and justify further investigation and may be utilized in future research in order to address COVID‐19 vaccination anxiety more effectively.
Rational Design and Growth of MOF‐on‐MOF Heterostructures
Authors: Chai Lulu , Pan Junqing , Hu Yue , Qian Jinjie , Hong Maochun
Published: July 2021

Multiporous metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a subclass of highly crystalline inorganic‐organic materials, which are endowed with high surface areas, tunable pores, and fascinating nanostructures. Heterostructured MOF‐on‐MOF composites are recently becoming a research hotspot in the field of chemistry and materials science, which focus on the assembly of two or more different homogeneous or heterogeneous MOFs with various structures and morphologies. Compared with one single MOF, the dual MOF‐on‐MOF composites exhibit unprecedented tunability, hierarchical nanostructure, synergistic effect, and enhanced performance. Due to the difference of inorganic metals and organic ligands, the lattice parameters in a, b, and c directions in the single crystal cells could bring about subtle or large structural difference. It will result in the composite material with distinct growth methods to obtain secondary MOF grown from the initial MOF. In this review, the authors wish to mainly outline the latest synthetic strategies of heterostructured MOF‐on‐MOFs and their derivatives, including ordered epitaxial growth, random epitaxial growth, etc., which show the tutorial guidelines for the further development of various MOF‐on‐MOFs.
Regulating the Self‐Discharge of Flexible All‐Solid‐State Supercapacitors by a Heterogeneous Polymer Electrolyte
Authors: Wang Xue , Liu Yanan , Li Huili , Lv Tian , Wan Jun , Dong Keyi , Chen Zilin , Chen Tao
Published: July 2021

Supercapacitors with high power density and an ultralong cyclic lifetime have been intensively investigated. However, the crucial challenge of their rapid self‐discharge process is often neglected in most cases. A heterogeneous interface formed between two layers of polymer electrolytes is designed, in which a polyanion and a polycation are added into a common matrix of polymer electrolyte, respectively. By using the heterogeneous polymer electrolyte (HPE) as the separator simultaneously, the resultant supercapacitors exhibit comparable electrochemical performance to that of devices based on traditional polymer electrolytes. The HPE‐based supercapacitors using both electric double‐layer capacitive and pseudocapacitive electrodes show at least one time longer self‐discharge time than that of devices based on homogenous polymer electrolyte, especially for the electrode in an electrolyte containing polyanion served as a positive pole during the charging process. Because of the same polymer matrix used, the heterojunction structure of the HPE exhibits excellent stability without obvious phase separation during thousands of charge/discharge and repeated bending cycles. This novel strategy by interface engineering of electrolyte to suppress the self‐discharge behavior of supercapacitors is very meaningful to promote their practical applications.
Single‐Step Fabrication of Polymeric Composite Membrane via Centrifugal Colloidal Casting for Fuel Cell Applications
Authors: Jo Sunhee , Yoon Ki Ro , Lim Youngjoon , Kwon Taehyun , Kang Yun Sik , Sohn Hyuntae , Choi Sun Hee , Son Hae Jung , Kwon Sung Hyun , Lee Seung Geol , Jang Seung Soon , Lee So Young , Kim Hyoung‐Juhn , Kim Jin Young
Published: July 2021

Recent interest in polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) for fuel cell systems has spurred the development of infiltration technology by which to insert ionomers into mechanically robust reinforcement structures by solution casting in order to produce a cost effective and highly efficient electrolyte. However, the results of the fabrication process often continue to present challenges related to the structural complexity and self‐assembly dynamics between the hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts of the constituents which in turn, necessitates additional processing steps and increases production costs. Here, a single‐step process is reported for highly compact polymeric composite membranes (PCMs), fabricated using a centrifugal colloidal casting (C3) method. Combined structural analyses as well as coarse‐grained molecular dynamics simulations are employed to determine the micro‐/macroscopic structural characteristics of the fabricated PCMs. These findings indicate that the C3 method is capable of forming highly dense ionomer matrix–reinforcement composites consisting of microphase‐separated ionomer structures with tailored crystallinity and ionic cluster sizes. An outcome that is very unlikely with the single‐step coating steps in conventional methods. These structural attributes ensure PCMs with better proton conductivity, greater strain stability, and lower gas crossover properties compared to commercial pristine membranes, expanding their possible range of applicability to PEMs.
Machine Learning Boosting the Development of Advanced Lithium Batteries
Authors: Liu Yangting , Zhou Qian , Cui Guanglei
Published: July 2021

Lithium batteries (LBs) have many high demands regarding their application in portable electronic devices, electric vehicles, and smart grids. Machine learning (ML) can effectively accelerate the discovery of materials and predict their performances for LBs, which is thus able to markedly enhance the development of advanced LBs. In recent years, there have been many successful examples of using ML for advanced LBs. In this review, the basic procedure and representative methods of ML are briefly introduced to promote understanding of ML by experts in LBs. Then, the application of ML in developing LBs is highlighted for the purpose of attracting more attention to this field. Finally, the challenges and perspectives of ML are noted for the further development of LBs. It is hoped that this review can shed light on the application of ML in developing LBs and boost the development of advanced LBs.
One‐Step Slot‐Die Coating Deposition of Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite Absorber for Highly Efficient Solar Cells
Authors: Bernard Sophie , Jutteau Sébastien , Mejaouri Salim , Cacovich Stefania , Zimmermann Iwan , Yaiche Armelle , Gbegnon Stéphanie , Loisnard Dominique , Collin Stéphane , Duchatelet Aurélien , Sauvage Frédéric , Rousset Jean
Published: July 2021

Slot‐die coating is a promising technique paving the way for large‐area perovskite deposition and commercially relevant solar device fabrication with sharp control over the thickness and material composition. However, before transferring perovskite solar cells technology to commercial applications, it is required to develop ink formulations, guaranteeing high homogeneity over a wide surface and leading to large, defect‐free, and well‐crystallized perovskite grains to maximize the device performances. A one‐step slot‐die deposition route, combining ink tailoring and vacuum aspiration solvent extraction, affording the deposition of a high‐bandgap multication perovskite, is reported. One important key is the introduction of methylammonium chloride in the ink formulation, which substantially enhances the film quality over a large area. Although the efficacy of antisolvent dripping is demonstrated on a small area, it is not compatible with larger areas. This work compares the latter with a vacuum quench protocol, allowing efficient extraction of the solvents. Considering both ink formulation engineering and vacuum solvent extraction, a stabilized power conversion efficiency of up to 17.5% is reached. This constitutes, to the best of our knowledge, the highest reported value for a high‐bandgap absorber deposited by slot‐die coating. Moreover, stability over 180 h under maximum power point conditions is herein demonstrated.
Modifizierte Kerbfunktionen für ein Trogbrückendetail nach dem Konzept der effektiven Kerbspannungen
Authors: Aigner Francesco , Fink Josef , Takács Patrik
Published: July 2021

In einer ersten Veröffentlichung wurde für den Ermüdungsnachweis an dem geschweißten Detail mit zwei Längsnähten einer eingleisigen Eisenbahnbrücke mit Trogquerschnitt und einem 120 mm dicken Stahlgrobblech als Fahrbahndeck das Kerbspannungskonzept als geeignet beschrieben. Es wurden die Grundlagen für die Ermittlung der Kerbspannungen mittels FEM dargelegt, es wurde gezeigt, wie die Kerbfaktoren als Einzelergebnisse zu Funktionen zusammengefasst werden können, und es wurde eine von insgesamt neun Kerbfunktionen (sechs für die obere Schweißnaht, drei für die untere Schweißnaht) detailliert hergeleitet. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden für die obere Schweißnaht die übrigen fünf Kerbfunktionen und das Zusammenwirken der Schnittgrößen mitgeteilt und diskutiert. Anhand eines Beispiels wird die praktische Nachweisführung gezeigt. Für die Dimensionierung der Schweißnähte erweist sich der Ermüdungsnachweis für die Längsrichtung als das maßgebende Kriterium. Schließlich werden Hinweise für die Wahl der Schweißnahtdicken gegeben.
Ultrastructural and antimicrobial impacts of allyl isothiocyanate incorporated in cellulose, β‐cyclodextrin, and carbon nanotubes nanocomposites
Authors: Marques Clara Suprani , Dias Marali Vilela , Soares Nilda de Fátima Ferreira , Borges Soraia Vilela , de Oliveira Isadora Rebouças Nolasco , Pires Ana Clarissa dos Santos , Medeiros Eber Antônio Alves , Alves Eduardo
Published: July 2021

Antimicrobial nanobio packaging with controlled‐release of active compounds is one of the most promising versions of active packaging. In this study, the antimicrobial effect of allyl isothiocyanate (AIT), complexed or not with β‐cyclodextrin (βCD), and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in cellulose films against Salmonella choleraesuis and Listeria innocua was investigated. Structural changes caused by AIT in bacteria were evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), as well as changes in the surface of the films, which were analyzed by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The active films inhibited the growth of both bacteria and caused damage to the cell membrane. The presence of inclusion complex and CNTs resulted in structural changes in films, such as the formation of lumps and reduction of roughness, respectively. Complexation of AIT with βCD and the use of CNTs increased the retention of the antimicrobial agent, which is desired to promote its controlled diffusion and consequently increase the preservative action of the film. However, when considering the use of βCD inclusion complexes, caution is necessary to prevent detrimental changes in the films' surface.
A new gauge-invariant double copy for heavy-mass effective theory
Authors: Brandhuber Andreas , Chen Gang , Travaglini Gabriele , Wen Congkao
Published: July 2021

Abstract

We propose a new form of the colour-kinematics/double-copy duality for heavy-mass effective field theories, which we apply to construct compact expressions for tree amplitudes with heavy matter particles in Yang-Mills and in gravity to leading order in the mass. In this set-up, the new BCJ numerators are fixed uniquely and directly written in terms of field strengths, making gauge invariance manifest. Furthermore, they are local and automatically satisfy the Jacobi relations and crossing symmetry. We construct these BCJ numerators explicitly up to six particles. We also discuss relations of the BCJ numerators in the heavy-mass effective theory with those in pure Yang-Mills amplitudes.
Algebraic branch points at all loop orders from positive kinematics and wall crossing
Authors: Herderschee Aidan
Published: July 2021

Abstract

There is a remarkable connection between the boundary structure of the positive kinematic region and branch points of integrated amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM. A long-standing question has been precisely how algebraic branch points emerge from this picture. We use wall crossing and scattering diagrams to systematically study the boundary structure of the positive kinematic regions associated with MHV amplitudes. The notion of asymptotic chambers in the scattering diagram naturally explains the appearance of algebraic branch points. Furthermore, the scattering diagram construction also motivates a new coordinate system for kinematic space that rationalizes the relations between algebraic letters in the symbol alphabet. As a direct application, we conjecture a complete list of all algebraic letters that could appear in the symbol alphabet of the 8-point MHV amplitude.
Distinct states of proinsulin misfolding in MIDY
Authors: Haataja Leena , Arunagiri Anoop , Hassan Anis , Regan Kaitlin , Tsai Billy , Dhayalan Balamurugan , Weiss Michael A. , Liu Ming , Arvan Peter
Published: July 2021

A precondition for efficient proinsulin export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is that proinsulin meets ER quality control folding requirements, including formation of the Cys(B19)–Cys(A20) “interchain” disulfide bond, facilitating formation of the Cys(B7)–Cys(A7) bridge. The third proinsulin disulfide, Cys(A6)–Cys(A11), is not required for anterograde trafficking, i.e., a “lose-A6/A11” mutant [Cys(A6), Cys(A11) both converted to Ser] is well secreted. Nevertheless, an unpaired Cys(A11) can participate in disulfide mispairings, causing ER retention of proinsulin. Among the many missense mutations causing the syndrome of MutantINSgene-induced Diabetes of Youth (MIDY), all seem to exhibit perturbed proinsulin disulfide bond formation. Here, we have examined a series of seven MIDY mutants [including G(B8)V, Y(B26)C, L(A16)P, H(B5)D, V(B18)A, R(Cpep + 2)C, E(A4)K], six of which are essentially completely blocked in export from the ER in pancreatic β-cells. Three of these mutants, however, must disrupt the Cys(A6)–Cys(A11) pairing to expose a critical unpaired cysteine thiol perturbation of proinsulin folding and ER export, because when introduced into the proinsulin lose-A6/A11 background, these mutants exhibit native-like disulfide bonding and improved trafficking. This maneuver also ameliorates dominant-negative blockade of export of co-expressed wild-type proinsulin. A growing molecular understanding of proinsulin misfolding may permit allele-specific pharmacological targeting for some MIDY mutants.
A comparative analysis of hot and cold flashless forging of a stepped shaft using vertically-parted dies
Authors: Bulzak Tomasz , Tomczak Janusz , Pater Zbigniew
Published: July 2021

Flashless forging is classified as a precise metal forming technology. The main advantages of this technology are the reduction of the flash allowance and the shortening of the manufacturing time by eliminating the flash trimming operation. The article presents the process of one-step forging of a stepped shaft made of aluminum with the use of split dies. The process was carried out in cold and hot metal-forming conditions. The forging process was analyzed numerically using the Simufact Forming 15.0 software. The geometrical parameters of the obtained product were analyzed, and the distribution of effective strain, temperature, and the standardized cracking criterion was determined. The process force parameters were also determined. Numerical tests were verified in real conditions with the use of a specially designed device for forging in vertical split dies. Comparison of hot and cold forging in vertical split dies is presented. The comparative analysis results have demonstrated that the hot forging process has more advantages than the cold forging process. The hot forging process ensures higher accuracy of forged parts.
Thermo-mechanical forging of 708M40 steel ring samples: experiments and modelling
Authors: Hill Steven , P.Turner Richard
Published: July 2021

A series of ring compression tests using BS970:708M40 alloy steel samples were studied. These tests were conducted using a 2-factor soak-temperature variable, namely 1030 °C and 1300 °C, and a 4-factor lubricant variable consisting of unlubricated samples, synthetic water-based, graphite water-based, and graphite and molybdenum disulphide viscous grease. The lubricant agents were all applied to the tool/billet interface. Process variables such as blow force and heating were controlled with the use of a gravitationally operated drop hammer and an automated programmable induction-heating unit. This matrix of the experimental parameters offered a sound base for exploring dominant factors impacting upon bulk deformation. This deformation was measured using fully calibrated equipment and then systematically recorded. A finite element modelling framework was developed to further improve the thermo-mechanical deformation process understanding, with finite element (FE) predictions validated through experimental measurement. Through the combined experimental and FE work, it was shown that temperature variation in the experimental parameter matrix played a larger role in determining deformation than the lubrication agent. Additionally, the use of synthetic and graphite water-based lubricants does not necessarily produce greater deformation when used in high-temperature forgings due to the lubricants breaking down, evaporating, or inducing rapid billet cooling as a result of the carrier used (water). Graphite-molybdenum disulphate grease far outperforms the other lubricants used in this trial in reducing friction and allowing deformation to occur across a die-face.
The 1-h fraud detection challenge
Authors: van der Heyden Marcel A. G.
Published: July 2021

Publications baring falsified and fabricated images appear frequently in the primary literature. Industrialized forms of image forgery as practiced by the so-called paper mills worsen the current situation even further. Good education and awareness within the scientific society are essential to create an environment in which honesty and trust are the prime values in experimental research. Here I focus on the detection of publication fraud and provide some examples and advice. Finally, my views on the future of fraud detection and prevention are given.
Aptamer-based assays: strategies in the use of aptamers conjugated to magnetic micro- and nanobeads as recognition elements in food control
Authors: Mattarozzi Monica , Toma Lorenzo , Bertucci Alessandro , Giannetto Marco , Careri Maria
Published: July 2021

An outlook on the current status of different strategies for magnetic micro- and nanosized bead functionalization with aptamers as prominent bioreceptors is given with a focus on electrochemical and optical apta-assays, as well as on aptamer-modified magnetic bead–based miniaturized extraction techniques in food control. Critical aspects that affect interaction of aptamers with target molecules, as well as the possible side effects caused by aptamer interaction with other molecules due to non-specific binding, are discussed. Challenges concerning the real potential and limitations of aptamers as bioreceptors when facing analytical problems in food control are addressed.

Graphical abstract
Authentication of holy basil using markers relating to a toxicology-relevant compound
Authors: Ríos-Rodríguez Daniela , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Nick Peter
Published: July 2021

Holy Basil—Ocimumtenuiflorum—is one of the popular new “superfoods” thought to act as an antioxidant and to reduce stress and anxiety. However, it is often surrogated with other Ocimum species differing in their chemical profiles that may even pose health risks to the consumers. Moreover, even specific chemotypes of Holy Basil itself can be toxicologically relevant, because they sometimes contain the carcinogen compound methyleugenol. Using DNA barcoding based on plastidic markers, O.tenuiflorum can be differentiated from other species of Ocimum. However, this approach is still suboptimal in handling larger sample numbers and in tracing chemotypes that accumulate methyleugenol. We have, therefore, designed a trait-related DNA barcode based on the enzyme eugenol O-methyltransferase (EOMT), responsible for the synthesis of methyleugenol. We show that a multiplex PCR combining trait-related and trait-independent markers can differentiate O.tenuiflorum from other Ocimum species and identify methyleugenol chemotypes of O.tenuiflorum, even in dried material sold as mixtures.
Acute Phase Reactions After Intravenous Infusion of Zoledronic Acid in Japanese Patients with Osteoporosis: Sub-analyses of the Phase III ZONE Study
Authors: Shiraki Masataka , Kuroda Tatsuhiko , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Sugimoto Toshitsugu , Tanaka Satoshi , Suzuki Hiroaki , Hiraishi Kazuki , Nakamura Toshitaka
Published: July 2021

In a clinical trial involving Japanese patients with osteoporosis, post hoc analyses were performed to evaluate the incidence of acute phase reactions (APRs) after infusion of zoledronic acid (ZOL). The results highlighted differences in baseline factors between patients with vs without APRs. Changes in efficacy indicators such as bone turnover markers (BTMs) also showed significant differences. We, therefore, investigated the factors involved in the development of APRs in Japanese patients treated with a once-yearly intravenous infusion of ZOL 5 mg for 2 years by assessing the relation between APRs and efficacy. APRs reported in patients with primary osteoporosis from the ZONE study were analyzed post hoc. Baseline factors were compared in patients with vs without APRs, and changes in BTMs and bone mineral density (BMD) were also investigated. In the ZOL group, 51.2% (169/330) of patients developed APRs after the first infusion and 12.3% (33/268) after the second infusion. Comparison of baseline factors showed that patients without APRs in the ZOL group had a significantly higher neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, lower serum levels of procollagen type I N-terminal propeptide, older age, and higher likelihood of prior bisphosphonate use vs patients with APRs. Patients with APRs showed significantly higher increases in total hip BMD at 6 and 12 months and larger reductions in BTMs vs patients without APRs. Patient profiles differed significantly between patients with vs without APRs, with APRs after the first infusion of ZOL being related to increases in total hip BMD and suppression of BTMs.

This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT01522521; January 31, 2012).
A Deep Learning Method for Bias Correction of ECMWF 24–240 h Forecasts
Authors: Han Lei , Chen Mingxuan , Chen Kangkai , Chen Haonan , Zhang Yanbiao , Lu Bing , Song Linye , Qin Rui
Published: July 2021

Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe weather warnings. The refined grid forecast requires direct correction on gridded forecast products, as opposed to correcting forecast data only at individual weather stations. In this study, a deep learning method called CU-net is proposed to correct the gridded forecasts of four weather variables from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model (ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature, 2-m relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, and 10-m wind direction, with a forecast lead time of 24 h to 240 h in North China. First, the forecast correction problem is transformed into an image-to-image translation problem in deep learning under the CU-net architecture, which is based on convolutional neural networks. Second, the ECMWF-IFS forecasts and ECMWF reanalysis data (ERA5) from 2005 to 2018 are used as training, validation, and testing datasets. The predictors and labels (ground truth) of the model are created using the ECMWF-IFS and ERA5, respectively. Finally, the correction performance of CU-net is compared with a conventional method, anomaly numerical correction with observations (ANO). Results show that forecasts from CU-net have lower root mean square error, bias, mean absolute error, and higher correlation coefficient than those from ANO for all forecast lead times from 24 h to 240 h. CU-net improves upon the ECMWF-IFS forecast for all four weather variables in terms of the above evaluation metrics, whereas ANO improves upon ECMWF-IFS performance only for 2-m temperature and relative humidity. For the correction of the 10-m wind direction forecast, which is often difficult to achieve, CU-net also improves the correction performance.
Impacts of strong wind events on sea ice and water mass properties in Antarctic coastal polynyas
Authors: Wang Xiaoqiao , Zhang Zhaoru , Wang Xuezhu , Vihma Timo , Zhou Meng , Yu Lejiang , Uotila Petteri , Sein Dmitry V.
Published: July 2021

Strong offshore wind events (SOWEs) occur frequently near the Antarctic coast during austral winter. These wind events are typically associated with passage of synoptic- or meso-scale cyclones, which interact with the katabatic wind field and affect sea ice and oceanic processes in coastal polynyas. Based on numerical simulations from the coupled Finite Element Sea-ice Ocean Model (FESOM) driven by the CORE-II forcing, two coastal polynyas along the East Antarctica coast––the Prydz Bay Polynya and the Shackleton Polynya are selected to examine the response of sea ice and oceanic properties to SOWEs. In these polynyas, the southern or western flanks of cyclones play a crucial role in increasing the offshore winds depending on the local topography. Case studies for both polynyas show that during SOWEs, when the wind speed is 2–3 times higher than normal values, the offshore component of sea ice velocity can increase by 3–4 times. Sea ice concentration can decrease by 20–40%, and sea ice production can increase up to two to four folds. SOWEs increase surface salinity variability and mixed layer depth, and such effects may persist for 5–10 days. Formation of high salinity shelf water (HSSW) is detected in the coastal regions from surface to 800 m after 10–15 days of the SOWEs, while the HSSW features in deep layers exhibit weak response on the synoptic time scale. HSSW formation averaged over winter is notably greater in years with longer duration of SOWEs.
Dairy product consumption and incident prediabetes in Dutch middle-aged adults: the Hoorn Studies prospective cohort
Authors: Slurink Isabel A. L. , den Braver Nicolette R. , Rutters Femke , Kupper Nina , Smeets Tom , Elders Petra J. M. , Beulens Joline W. J. , Soedamah-Muthu Sabita S.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

Our aim was to investigate prospective associations of consumption of total dairy and dairy types with incident prediabetes in a Dutch population-based study.

Methods

Two enrolment waves of the Hoorn Studies were harmonized, resulting in an analytic sample of 2262 participants without (pre-) diabetes at enrolment (mean age 56 ± 7.3 years; 50% male). Baseline dietary intake was assessed by validated food frequency questionnaires. Relative risks (RRs) were calculated between dairy, fermented dairy, milk, yogurt (all total/high/low fat), cream and ice cream and prediabetes. Additionally, substituting one serving/day of dairy types associated with prediabetes with alternative dairy types was analysed.

Results

During a mean 6.4 ± 0.7 years of follow-up, 810 participants (35.9%) developed prediabetes. High fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a 17% (RR 0.83, 95% CI 0.69–0.99, ptrend = 0.04), 14% (RR 0.86, 95% CI 0.73–1.02, ptrend = 0.04) and 21% (RR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66–0.94, ptrend = 0.01) lower risk of incident prediabetes, respectively, in top compared to bottom quartiles, after adjustment for confounders. High fat cheese consumption was continuously associated with lower prediabetes risk (RRservings/day 0.94, 95% CI 0.88–1.00, p = 0.04). Total dairy and other dairy types were not associated with prediabetes risk in adjusted models, irrespective of fat content (RR ~ 1). Replacing high fat cheese with alternative dairy types was not associated with prediabetes risk.

Conclusion

The highest intake of high fat fermented dairy, cheese and high fat cheese were associated with a lower risk of prediabetes, whereas other dairy types were not associated. Cheese seems to be inversely associated with type 2 diabetes risk, despite high levels of saturated fatty acids and sodium.
Effects of body-oriented yoga: a RCT study for patients with major depressive disorder
Authors: Bieber Miriam , Görgülü Esra , Schmidt Daniela , Zabel Kirsten , Etyemez Semra , Friedrichs Benedikt , Prvulovic David , Reif Andreas , Oertel Viola
Published: July 2021

The major depressive disorder is one of the most common mental illnesses worldwide. Current treatment standards recommend a combined therapy with medication and psychotherapy. As an additive component and to further improvements in treatment, physical activity such as yoga may be integrated into conventional treatment. This study investigates the impact of a 3-month body-oriented yoga in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). In total,n = 83 patients were included. An intervention group received a vigorous Ashtanga-Yoga three times a week. The waiting-list control group obtained a treatment as usual (TAU). As a primary outcome depression scores (Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS)) were tested at three time points. Secondary outcome was the positive and negative affect [Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS)] and remission rates. To analyze the data, multilevel models and effect sizes were conducted. The results showed an improvement in BDI-II scores for both groups over time [γ =  −  3.46,t(165) =  − 7.99,p < 0.001] but not between groups [γ = 0.98,t(164) = 1.12,p = 0.263]. An interaction effect (time x group) occurred for MADRS [γ = 2.10,t(164) = 2.10,p < 0.038]. Positive affects improved over time for both groups [γ = 1.65,t(165) = 4.03,p < 0.001]. Negative affects decreased for all over time [γ =  −  1.00,t(165) = − 2.51,p = 0.013]. There were no significant group differences in PANAS. Post hoc tests revealed a greater symptom reduction within the first 6 weeks for all measurements. The effect sizes for depression scores showed a positive trend. Remission rates indicated a significant improvement in the yoga group (BDI-II: 46.81%, MADRS: 17.02%) compared to the control group (BDI: 33.33%, MADRS: 8.33%). The findings suggest that there is a trendsetting additive effect of Ashtanga-Yoga after 3 months on psychopathology and mood with a greater improvement at the beginning of the intervention. Further research in this field can help to achieve more differentiated results.
The potential role of long noncoding RNAs in primary open-angle glaucoma
Authors: Zhang Feng , Zhao Yang , Cao Mengdan , Jia Xu , Pan Zheng , Zhou Dengming , Liu Ke , Duan Xuanchu
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To identify the potential genes in human trabecular meshwork (TM) related to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

First, long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) and mRNA expression profiles in TM samples from 4 control subjects and 4 POAG patients were accessed by microarray analyses. Then, twenty lncRNAs were validated by real-time quantitative PCR in the same samples from microarray analyses. Finally, eight highly expressed lncRNAs were further tested by real-time quantitative PCR in TM from 8 normal controls and 19 POAG patients. Expression data were normalized and analyzed using the R software. Pathway analyses were performed by Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis.

Results

A total of 2179 lncRNAs and 923 mRNAs in the TM of POAG patients were significantly upregulated, and 3111 lncRNAs and 887 mRNAs were significantly downregulated. ENST00000552367, ENST00000582505, ENST00000609130, NR_029395, NR_038379, and ENST00000586949 expression levels were significantly higher in the TM from a different cohort of POAG patient than normal controls.

Conclusion

ENST00000552367, ENST00000582505, ENST000006091- 30, NR_029395, NR_038379, and ENST00000586949 may play essential roles in the development of POAG.
Neural encoding and functional interactions underlying pantomimed movements
Authors: Malfatti Giulia , Turella Luca
Published: July 2021

Pantomimes are a unique movement category which can convey complex information about our intentions in the absence of any interaction with real objects. Indeed, we can pretend to use the same tool to perform different actions or to achieve the same goal adopting different tools. Nevertheless, how our brain implements pantomimed movements is still poorly understood. In our study, we explored the neural encoding and functional interactions underlying pantomimes adopting multivariate pattern analysis (MVPA) and connectivity analysis of fMRI data. Participants performed pantomimed movements, either grasp-to-move or grasp-to-use, as if they were interacting with two different tools (scissors or axe). These tools share the possibility to achieve the same goal. We adopted MVPA to investigate two levels of representation during the planning and execution of pantomimes: (1) distinguishing different actions performed with the same tool, (2) representing the same final goal irrespective of the adopted tool. We described widespread encoding of action information within regions of the so-called “tool” network. Several nodes of the network—comprising regions within the ventral and the dorsal stream—also represented goal information. The spatial distribution of goal information changed from planning—comprising posterior regions (i.e. parietal and temporal)—to execution—including also anterior regions (i.e. premotor cortex). Moreover, connectivity analysis provided evidence for task-specific bidirectional coupling between the ventral stream and parieto-frontal motor networks. Overall, we showed that pantomimes were characterized by specific patterns of action and goal encoding and by task-dependent cortical interactions.
A prognostic model for failure and worsening after lumbar microdiscectomy: a multicenter study from the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery
Authors: Werner David A. T. , Grotle Margreth , Småstuen Milada Cvancarova , Gulati Sasha , Nygaard Øystein P. , Salvesen Øyvind , Ingebrigtsen Tor , Solberg Tore K.
Published: July 2021

Objective

To develop a prognostic model for failure and worsening 1 year after surgery for lumbar disc herniation.

Methods

This multicenter cohort study included 11,081 patients operated with lumbar microdiscectomy, registered at the Norwegian Registry for Spine Surgery. Follow-up was 1 year. Uni- and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to assess potential prognostic factors for previously defined cut-offs for failure and worsening on the Oswestry Disability Index scores 12 months after surgery. Since the cut-offs for failure and worsening are different for patients with low, moderate, and high baseline ODI scores, the multivariate analyses were run separately for these subgroups. Data were split into a training (70%) and a validation set (30%). The model was developed in the training set and tested in the validation set. A prediction (%) of an outcome was calculated for each patient in a risk matrix.

Results

The prognostic model produced six risk matrices based on three baseline ODI ranges (low, medium, and high) and two outcomes (failure and worsening), each containing 7 to 11 prognostic factors. Model discrimination and calibration were acceptable. The estimated preoperative probabilities ranged from 3 to 94% for failure and from 1 to 72% for worsening in our validation cohort.

Conclusion

We developed a prognostic model for failure and worsening 12 months after surgery for lumbar disc herniation. The model showed acceptable calibration and discrimination, and could be useful in assisting physicians and patients in clinical decision-making process prior to surgery.
Characterization of linearly coupled capillaries with various inner diameters in the context of capillary electrophoresis
Authors: Böhm Daniel , Matysik Frank-Michael
Published: July 2021

As a result of continuous instrumental progress, capillary electrophoresis has become an established separation technique. However, the choice of the suitable capillary inner diameter is sometimes difficult due to different instrumental requirements concerning injection, separation, or detection. To overcome this problem, we assembled two capillaries with different inner diameters, meaning that the inner diameter of the capillary at the injection side was different from that at the detection side. Since this was a rather uncommon approach, we focused on the associated effects in this proof-of-concept study. For the experiments, a non-aqueous model system was used, consisting of an acetonitrile-based background electrolyte and the two ferrocene derivates, ferrocenemethanol and decamethylferrocene. Using capillary flow injection analysis hyphenated to capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection, it could be shown that fragmented capillaries of the same inner diameter had slightly lower volume flow rates than non-fragmented capillaries. With non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis hyphenated to UV detection, it was found that the coupling of capillaries with different inner diameter had a much stronger effect on the capillary electrophoresis flow than combinations with the same inner diameter. Additionally, if the inner diameter of the second capillary was larger than the inner diameter of the first capillary, a higher theoretical plate number and an increased sensitivity were found. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant peak tailing introduced by the coupling.

Graphic abstract
The factor structure of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale among perinatal high-risk and community samples in London
Authors: Lautarescu Alexandra , Victor Suresh , Lau-Zhu Alex , Counsell Serena J. , Edwards A. David , Craig Michael C.
Published: July 2021

Timely and accurate detection of perinatal mental health problems is essential for the wellbeing of both mother and child. Growing evidence has suggested that the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) is not a unidimensional measure of perinatal depression, but can be used to screen for anxiety disorders. We aimed to assess the factor structure of the EPDS in 3 different groups of women: n = 266 pregnant women at high-risk of depression (“Perinatal Stress Study”), n = 471 pregnant women from a community sample, and n = 637 early postnatal women from a community sample (“developing Human Connectome Project”). Exploratory factor analysis (40% of each sample) and confirmatory factor analysis (60% of each sample) were performed. The relationship between EPDS scores and history of mental health concerns was investigated. Results suggested that a 3-factor model (depression, anxiety, and anhedonia) is the most appropriate across groups. The anxiety subscale (EPDS-3A) emerged consistently and was related to maternal history of anxiety disorders in the prenatal sample (W = 6861, p < 0.001). EPDS total score was related to history of mental health problems in both the prenatal (W = 12,185, p < 0.001) and postnatal samples (W = 30,044, p < 0.001). In both high-risk and community samples in the perinatal period, the EPDS appears to consist of depression, anxiety, and anhedonia subscales. A better understanding of the multifactorial structure of the EPDS can inform diagnosis and management of women in the prenatal and postnatal period. Further research is required to validate the EPDS-3A as a screening tool for anxiety.
The impact of COVID-19 related lockdown measures on self-reported psychopathology and health-related quality of life in German adolescents
Authors: Koenig Julian , Kohls Elisabeth , Moessner Markus , Lustig Sophia , Bauer Stephanie , Becker Katja , Thomasius Rainer , Eschenbeck Heike , Diestelkamp Silke , Gillé Vera , Hiery Alisa , Rummel-Kluge Christine , Kaess Michael ,   The ProHEAD Consortium, Kaess Michael , Bauer Stephanie , Moessner Markus , Koenig Julian , Bonnet Sabrina , Hammon Stella , Lustig Sophia , Richter Regina , Bertsch Katja , Brunner Romuald , Feldhege Johannes , Gallinat Christina , Parzer Peter , Sander Johanna , Thomasius Rainer , Diestelkamp Silke , Schulz Anna-Lena , Rummel-Kluge Christine , Baldofski Sabrina , Kohls Elisabeth , Peter Lina-Jolien , Rogalla Mandy , Klemm Sarah-Lena , Eschenbeck Heike , Gillé Vera , Lehner Laya , Becker Katja , Hiery Alisa , Karl Jennifer , Salize Hans Joachim , Voss Elke , Luntz Steffen
Published: July 2021

The impact of school-closings on adolescents’ mental health and well-being in the management of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is subject to ongoing public debate. Reliable data to inform a balanced discussion are limited. Drawing on a large ongoing multi-site project in Germany, we assessed differences in self-reported psychopathology in a matched convenience-sample of adolescents assessed pre- (November 26, 2018 to March 13, 2020; n = 324) and post the first lockdown (March 18, 2020 to August 29, 2020; n = 324) early 2020 in Germany. We found no evidence for an increase in emotional and behavioral problems, depression, thoughts of suicide or suicide attempts, eating disorder symptoms, or a decrease in general health-related quality of life. Reported suicide plans significantly decreased from 6.14 to 2.16%. Similarly, conduct problems decreased in the post-lockdown period. Family risk-factors did not moderate these findings. The influence of socioeconomic status on emotional and behavioral problems as well as depression decreased during the lockdown. Based on the present findings, the first school-closing in Germany had no immediate and severe impact on adolescents’ well-being. However, caution is warranted as our data covers a fairly small, affluent sample over a limited time-span and long-term consequences cannot be ruled out.
Ambient noise and ERT data provide insights into the structure of co-seismic rock avalanche deposits in Sichuan (China)
Authors: Del Gaudio V. , Wasowski J. , Hu W. , Capone P. , Venisti N. , Li Y.
Published: July 2021

The post-seismic history of the 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake shows that marginally stable deposits of large co-seismic landslide dams can pose persistent debris flow hazards for the downstream areas. Here, we combine analyses of single-station recordings of ambient noise with electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) surveys to explore the potential of drawing information on structure and geometry of the deposit of a large rock avalanche triggered by the Mw 7.9 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, which dammed the Yangjia stream in the Sichuan Province (China). The substantial thickness and heterogeneity of this kind of deposits limit the application of standard geophysical techniques, like active seismic surveys, which require highly energetic sources and long linear geophone arrays to reach adequate investigation depths. Passive single-station methods, relying on ambient noise recordings to determine site resonance properties, controlled by the contrast between soft surface layers and a stiffer substratum, offer the opportunity of investigating subsoil properties down to larger depths. In particular, we use a recently developed technique, which isolates the contribution of Rayleigh waves to ambient noise and draws information on sub-soil properties from the inversion of Rayleigh wave ellipticity curves plotted as function of frequency. In this framework, the ERT data can support the ellipticity curve inversion, typically affected by highly non-univocal solutions, by providing constraints for defining of the thickness of the uppermost surficial layers. The results allowed inferring the overlap of different layers within the 2008 rock avalanche deposit, as well as estimating lateral variations in their thickness and S-wave (Vs) velocities.
Preference measurement in health using experiments
Authors: Zweifel Peter
Published: July 2021

This contribution has three objectives. First, it seeks to justify the use of the economic criterion, “Provision of health care in accordance with the preferences of current and potential patients” for guiding decisions concerning the adoption of costly innovation in health. Next, it proposes the measurement of these preferences in the guise of willingness to pay (WTP) values through Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs). Third, it purports to examine two popular arguments against accepting lay persons´ preferences, viz. that they are unwilling or unable to express preferences with regard to health and health care, and that their preferences are unstable, depending on the current state of health. Both of these arguments are refuted by the findings of four DCEs designed to measure WTP for attributes of health insurance and of the treatment of diabetes, respectively [Zweifel in J Regul Econ 29(3): 319–332, 2006; MacNeil Vrooman and Zweifel in Eur J Health Econ 12(1): 87–95, 2011; Sennhauser and Zweifel in: Jakovlijevic M (ed.), Health Economics and Policy Challenges in Global Emerging Markets. NOVA Publishers, Hauppauge NY, 2016].