bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child Abuse and Nonaccidental Trauma
Authors: Malka S Terez
Published: January 2021

Child abuse accounts for over 1% of visits to pediatric emergency departments (EDs), and injuries related to abuse have higher morbidity and mortality than accidental injuries. Recognizing child abuse and neglect in the ED is challenging but critical to prevent recurrent episodes of abuse and long-term physical and emotional sequelae. This review defines child abuse and neglect and explores historical and physical examination findings, assessment and diagnosis, treatment, disposition, and outcomes for victims of child abuse. Figures show x-rays demonstrating common fracture patterns associated with abusive injury and an algorithm for evaluation of nonaccidental trauma in the ED. Tables list key historical elements in the evaluation for abuse or neglect, bruising characteristics suggestive of abuse, fractures that are specific for abuse, and recommended laboratory evaluation for suspected abuse. 

This review contains 4 figures, 5 tables, and 36 references.
Key words: child abuse, child neglect, nonaccidental trauma, sexual abuse
Failure to Thrive in Infants and Toddlers
Authors: Phadke Madhura Y , Porto Anthony F
Published: January 2021

Failure to thrive (FTT) is a broad term that is used to document an abnormal pattern of weight gain over time. There is no single definition for FTT, but all proposed definitions use anthropometric parameters such as weight gain or weight for length. The term FTT has been falling out of favor, and the term weight/growth faltering is becoming more common to describe this clinical entity. The underlying problem in FTT is inadequate usable calories. The primary mechanisms leading to FTT are impaired absorption, increased metabolic demands, and inadequate caloric intake. Inadequate caloric intake is the most common of these mechanisms, although FTT is often a combination of the three. The diagnostic evaluation of FTT must take into account the multifactorial nature of this clinical sign. A comprehensive history is essential for diagnosis and should include specific questions about the child’s living situation and feeding habits. The physical examination must include accurate weight and length measurements. Clinicians should look for signs of abuse or neglect, dysmorphic features, abnormal skin or nail findings, digital clubbing, or other signs of chronic disease. Laboratory investigations are rarely revealing in FTT but should be considered if there is a high index of suspicion for underlying disease. Treatment in FTT favors a multidisciplinary approach. The primary goal of treatment is restoration of normal growth velocity. Children with FTT are at increased risk for growth and cognitive problems in later childhood, although the clinical significance of these findings is not well understood. The mainstay of treatment is increasing calories in the diet. Enteral feeding, orally or via a tube, is always preferred over parenteral feeding due to a better safety profile, ease of feeding, and lower cost. Parenteral nutrition is an acceptable way to meet caloric needs in infants and children when enteral nutrition is not possible. Children with FTT and malnutrition should be monitored closely for refeeding syndrome, which results from fluid and electrolyte shifts in malnourished children. In general, FTT can be treated on an outpatient basis with close follow-up. Indications for hospitalization include severe malnutrition/dehydration and concern for child endangerment.
This review contains 7 figures, 8 tables and 26 references
Key words: enteral feeding, failure to thrive, growth charts, nutrition, parenteral nutrition, poor weight gain, tube feeding, weight loss
Reducing the Risk of Injury and Disease
Authors: Sox Harold C.
Published: January 2021

Public interest in disease and injury prevention is very high, driven by a steady accumulation of high-quality evidence that preventive interventions do reduce cause-specific death rates. The purpose of these interventions is to eliminate the root causes of diseases that precede death (e.g., heart disease, cancer, and stroke). This chapter presents a review of health risks posed by substance abuse (tobacco, alcohol, and drugs), accidents (e.g., from motor vehicles, accidental poisoning, falling, fire, drowning, and firearms), and domestic violence. The physician’s role in prevention is to identify risk factors for disease and injury and counsel patients about modifying potentially harmful behaviors. Figures illustrate the life expectancy of men and women, and years of potential life lost from various causes, in the United States. Tables list recommendations of the United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF), years of smoking abstinence needed to reduce the risk of disease, elements of a successful smoking cessation strategy, stages of readiness for smoking cessation, the test performance of screening questionnaires for alcohol abuse, the CAGE questionnaire, unintentional and undetermined poisoning deaths in 11 states, and risk factors for falls among the elderly. A sidebar provides links to domestic violence information on the Internet.
This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 9 tables, and 87 references.
Mycotic Infections
Authors: Kauffman Carol A
Published: January 2021

Endemic mycoses are caused by fungi that share several important characteristics but differ greatly in other respects. They include histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, coccidioidomycosis, and sporotrichosis. Discussions on their epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis are included. A section on antifungal therapy is included, discussing the use of azoles and amphotericin B. Figures show photomicrographs of biopsy samples from patients with histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, and coccidioidomycosis. Tables list selected drugs that may interact with azoles to change serum levels and information on the administration of amphotericin B for treatment of endemic mycoses.
This review contains 3 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 71 references.
Tubulointerstitial Diseases
Authors: Appel Gerald B. , Bhat Premila , Canetta Pietro
Published: January 2021

Tubulointerstitial diseases predominantly involve the tubules and the interstitium (the space between the tubules). They may be acute or chronic. Drug-induced acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) can be caused by antibiotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Drug-induced chronic interstitial nephritis can be caused by analgesic agents, lithium, antineoplastic agents, and cyclosporine. Physical factors causing interstitial damage are obstructive nephropathy, reflux nephropathy, and radiation nephritis. Discussions of infectious tubulointerstitial nephritis, metabolic and toxic tubulointerstitial nephritis, interstitial disease associated with vascular damage, tubulointerstitial disease caused by dysproteinemias and other tumors, and cystic disease of the kidney are also included. There are 13 figures, including micrographs, CT scans, pyelograms, and photographs of gross specimens, that illustrate the clinical findings of these diseases. Tables list the etiologies of tubulointerstitial diseases and drugs associated with AIN. This chapter has 161 references.
Platelet Disorders
Authors: Leung Lawrence L K , Zehnder James L.
Published: January 2021

A bleeding disorder may be suspected when a patient reports spontaneous or excessive bleeding or bruising, often secondary to trauma. Possible causes can vary between abnormal platelet number or function, abnormal vascular integrity, coagulation defects, fibrinolysis, or a combination thereof. This review addresses hemorrhagic disorders associated with quantitative or qualitative platelet abnormalities, such as thrombocytopenia, platelet function disorders, thrombocytosis and thrombocythemia, and vascular purpuras. Hemorrhagic dis­orders associated with abnormalities in coagulation (e.g., von Willebrand disease and hemophilia) are not covered. An algorithm shows evidence-based practice guidelines for the management of immune thrombocytopenic purpura. Tables list questions regarding bleeding and bruising to ask patients, clinical manifestations of hemorrhagic disorders, typical results of tests for hemostatic function in bleeding disorders, causes of thrombocytopenia, other forms of drug-induced thrombocytopenia, classification of platelet function disorders, and selected platelet-modifying agents.
This review contains ­1 highly rendered figure, 7 tables, and 82 references.
Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Jabbour Elias , O'Brien Susan
Published: January 2021

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), also known as chronic myelogenous leukemia, chronic myelocytic leukemia, and chronic granulocytic leukemia, is characterized by the expansion of myeloid progenitor cells at various stages of maturation, their premature release into the circulation, and a tendency to home to extramedullary sites. Symptoms at presentation reflect the increase in mass and turnover of the leukemic cells, although as many as 50% of patients are asymptomatic at diagnosis and come to attention through unexpected findings on routine blood tests. In treatment, the ongoing development of established and novel tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) has made for closer to normal life spans in patients diagnosed with CML. This review serves as an overview of CML, detailing its epidemiology and etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, treatment (including an assessment of the latest clinical trials involving TKIs), and management of patients with advanced phases. Figures show BCR-ABL signaling pathways and mechanisms of resistance to imatinib. Tables list stages of CML, differential diagnosis of CML and Philadelphia chromosome–negative myeloproliferative disorders, a summary of pivotal phase III trials of approved TKIs for the treatment of front-line or relapsed CML, response evaluation to TKIs used as first-line therapy, and a summary of important phase II trials of second- and third-generation TKIs after previous TKI failure.
This review contains 2 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 87 references.
Neurosarcoidosis
Authors: Gelfand Jeffrey M , Stern Barney
Published: January 2021

Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory disorder of unclear cause characterized by nonnecrotizing (noncaseating) granulomatous inflammation. Neurosarcoidosis—involvement of the nervous system by the granulomatous inflammatory process of sarcoidosis—affects approximately 5 to 15% of people with sarcoidosis and is a major cause of morbidity from the disease. Neurosarcoidosis is often invoked in the differential diagnosis of suspected inflammatory neurologic syndromes. This chapter discusses the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathophysiology and pathogenesis, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment, complications, and prognosis of neurosarcoidosis. Figures show magnetic resonance imaging features of neurosarcoidosis. Tables outline a clinical framework for categorizing
neurosarcoidosis and neurologic organ system involvement by sarcoidosis.
 
This chapter contains 1 highly rendered figure, 2 tables, 124 references, 1 teaching slide set, and 5 MCQs.
Principles of Neurologic Ethics
Authors: Cochrane Thomas I.
Published: January 2021

Many neurologic diseases affect the brain and thus cognition and personality. Many people consider some neurologic conditions “worse than death” and would prefer not to be kept alive using medical technology if there is no reasonable chance of recovery. The clinician caring for patients with neurologic disease will frequently be confronted with decisions about whether to initiate or continue life-sustaining therapies. And because neurologic disease often impairs the ability to understand and to decide, clinicians are more often called on to make decisions for patients who cannot decide for themselves. This chapter covers general principles, including respect for autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, informed consent, and implied consent. Discussion about making decisions for others includes competence and decision-making capacity, advance directives (powers of attorney and living wills), substituted judgment, and best interests. Decisions about life-sustaining treatment include withholding versus withdrawing, acts versus omissions, and limiting life-sustaining treatment for the patient with no surrogate. Also covered are decisions in the face of prognostic uncertainty, and futility, as well as commonly encountered problems such as states of severely disordered consciousness, coma, vegetative state, minimally conscious state, and brain death (including ethical controversies). Organ donation after both brain death and cardiac death is discussed. The section on dementia covers feeding tubes for patients with advanced dementia, the locked-in state, and neuroenhancement. Tables include elements of informed consent, elements of competence, assumed ethical priority of potential surrogates, steps that aid decision making in the face of prognostic uncertainty, and the American Academy of Neurology’s criteria for determination of brain death. This chapter includes 23 references.
Patient Presents with Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Kaye Alan D. , Cornett Elyse , Fox Charles , Shah Rinoo , Arulkumar Sailesh , Bradley Kevin K. , Rayan Hany , Pinto Raisa
Published: January 2021

Cancer pain is complex and challenging to treat. Pancreatic cancer pain occurs in 75% of patients and over 90% of patients in advanced stages. Pain management should be individual to the patient and involve a multidisciplinary approach. No one treatment modality has been found to be effective in alleviating pancreatic cancer pain; therefore, all treatment options should be considered. Opioids are a cornerstone of cancer pain management; however, the neurolytic celiac plexus block can be a useful treatment modality in pancreatic cancer patients. This review discusses the types of pain that are seen in pancreatic cancer patients and how to treat that pain through a multimodal, multidisciplinary approach.
This review contains 3 figures and 28 references.
Shock Wave Lithotripsy: Application and Future Direction
Authors: Sorensen Mathew D , Bailey Michael R
Published: January 2021

Shock wave lithotripsy (SWL), ureteroscopy, and percutaneous nephrolithotomy all have an important role in the management of patients with kidney and ureteral stones. SWL remains popular with providers and is preferred by many patients. This review describes the pros and cons of these procedures, the appropriate conditions for SWL, indicators for successful outcomes for SWL, effective SWL technique, and adverse effects. Also reported are the imaging and therapeutic research to improve SWL effectiveness. This may expand the use of SWL by addressing some of SWL’s current limitations and lead to improved patient outcomes.
This review contains 5 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 85 references
Key words: burst wave lithotripsy, cavitation, comminution, coupling, endourology, kidney injury, kidney stones, minimally invasive, nephrolithiasis, shock wave lithotripsy, stone-free rate, ultrasonic propulsion, urolithiasis
Neuromodulation for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Gaines Natalie , Gupta Priyanka , Sirls Larry , Peters Kenneth M
Published: January 2021

Neuromodulation is an FDA-approved treatment modality for overactive bladder. The AUA/SUFU guidelines for management of overactive bladder include neuromodulation as a third-line therapy after failure of more conservative therapies, such as behavioral modifications and pharmacotherapy. In this review, a brief history of the technology required to develop the implantable neuroprosthesis is discussed. We examine relevant neuroanatomy and the most recent discoveries for the pathophysiology of overactive bladder, and our current best understanding of the mechanism of action of neuromodulation is considered. The three routes for neuromodulation, sacral, pudendal, and posterior tibial, are discussed individually, with outcomes, complication, and cost data reviewed for each modality. Finally, an update of future developments in neuromodulation is included.
This review contains 8 highly rendered figures, 2 tables, and 71 references
Key words: adverse event, implantable neurostimulators, neuromodulation, overactive, percutaneous tibial nerve stimulation, pudendal neuromodulation, sacral neuromodulation, spinal nerve roots, surgical intervention, urge urinary incontinence, urinary bladder
Late Stage Prostate Cancer
Authors: Giridhar Karthik , Kohli Manish
Published: January 2021

Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men and encapsulates a wide spectrum of disease. This review describes recent advances in genomic sciences and summarizes the impact of emerging molecular profiling–based clinical applications in the diagnosis and management of early and advanced prostate cancer. It addresses the controversial guidelines surrounding prostate-specific antigen–based screening for prostate cancer and summarizes the recommendations from six different agencies. This review highlights landmark clinical trials in metastatic prostate cancer, focusing on developments within the last 5 years. It also summarizes the rationale for earlier use of chemotherapy for newly diagnosed prostate cancer (chemohormonal therapy) and gives an overview of ongoing research into the development of novel genome-based therapeutics.
This review contains 4 figures, 8 tables, and 74 references.
Key words: castration resistant, molecular profiling, prostate cancer, screening guidelines, treatment options
Desain High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor (HTGR) Model Geometri Heksagonal Dua Dimensi dengan Bahan Bakar Thorium Hasil Daur Ulang
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Utari Mutia , Yulianti Yanti ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Riyanto Agus ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

The Research about the design of high temperature helium gas-cooled reactor (HTGR) terraces with thorium fuel recycled using the SRAC program has been completed. This research includes the percentage of fuel enrichment, reactor core size, reactor core configuration, criticality, and the distribution of the power density. The calculation of reactor core is done in two dimensions \sfrac{1}{6} hexagonal terrace section with a triangular mesh. The fuel is used, i.e. thorium with a burn-up of 20 GWd/t and 30 GWd/t, and helium gas as a cooler. The results obtained in this study show that the ideal HTGR reactor core design with reactor core size and configuration are (x) 22 cm at point (y) = 2035,05 cm and at (y) 11 cm at point (x) = 2035,05 cm, then enrichment in fuel 8%. The result of maximum power density is 550.3685 Watt/cm3 where the position at (x) = 22 cm and axis (y) = 11 with the effective multiplication factor value keff of 1,0000002.
Karakteristik Struktur Mikro Komposit Aspal Silika Sekam Padi Dengan Variasi Komposisi (20%:80%, 15%:85% dan 10%:90%)
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Dewi Qori Sari , Sembiring Simon ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Syafriadi Syafriadi ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Ginting Ediman ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

Synthesis and characterization of rice husk and asphalt silica composites with various compositions have been carried out 20%: 80%, 15%: 85% and 10%: 90%. Silica synthesis from rice husk wa carried out using the sol-gel method. The materials used are rice husks, solid asphalt, distilled water, gasoline, NaOH and HNO3. This research was conducted of variations in the composition the effect of silica and asphalt on the microstructure and structure of the sample. The characterization results of Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) on the surface of silica asphalt composites in the form of erratic clots and cracks on the surface of the sample with an average grain size of 3.483 µm, 8,127 µm, and 7,192 µm. The analysis EDS results in the elements content contained in the sample elements of carbon (C), silicon (Si), oxygen (O), a little element of sulfur (S) and aluminum (Al). Then, the results of the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) characterization obtained the structure of amorphous silica and amorphous carbon.
Monitoring Data Perubahan Suhu, CO dan CO2 Secara Real Time Menggunakan MySQL
Authors:   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Setiawan Randi , Warsito Warsito ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Junaidi Junaidi ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141, Suciyati Sri Wahyu ,   Departement of Physics, University of Lampung, Indonesia, 35141
Published: January 2021

This research is related to making a system to display data on temperature changes, CO, and CO2 monitoring results in real time make use of MySQL. The measuring instrument used consisted of an MQ-7 sensor to detect CO gas, a MQ-135 sensor to detect CO2 gas, a DHT-22 sensor to measure the temperature and a microcontroller as a control system. Measurement data is displayed on the PC server using an interface created through the Visual Basic 2010 program and saved to the Mysql database. In this research, a baudrate of 19200 bps was used so that data transmission could be faster so that it supported realtime data transmission. Based on the research, it was found that the greater the boudrate value used, the faster time it takes to send data. In this study, a baudrate of 19200 bps was used so that data transmission could be faster so that it supported realtime data transmission. Based on the research, it was found that the greater the boltrate value used, the faster time it takes to send data. Based on the results of tests conducted, MySQL monitoring system is running well. The MySQL can display data on temperature changes, CO, and CO2 measurement data in the form of tables in real time.
The implications, applications, and benefits of emerging technologies in audit
Authors:   College of Accounting, University of Cape Town, South Africa, Carpenter Riley , McGregor Dale ,   College of Accounting, University of Cape Town, South Africa
Published: January 2021

Technological innovation has given rise to the possibility of implementing emerging technologies to potentially improve business operations. Audit firms, as businesses, could utilise emerging technologies to address several challenges the audit profession currently faces. This paper performs a qualitative analysis of prior literature concerning the potential implications and applications of the use of emerging technology in the audit process and the benefits audit firms can realise from using emerging technology. Using emerging audit technology in the audit process could automate many repetitive, mundane tasks and assist with performing analytical reviews on large datasets, thereby improving audit quality and efficiency. This paper adds value firstly by highlighting the potential for technological innovation within the audit process and how this innovation could supplement the traditional audit processes and procedures audit firms currently use and secondly, by incorporating emerging technologies into the audit process and highlighting key benefits that can be derived by shifting away from manual processes.
Analiz chastot 13 polimorfizmov v genah TR53 i WRAP53 v rossijskih populyaciyah
Authors: Олькова М. В. , Петрушенко В. С. , Пономарев Г. Ю.
Published: January 2021

V poslednee desyatiletie poisk i annotaciya associirovannyh s fenotipom genomnyh polimorfizmov cheloveka, a takzhe izuchenie ih populyacionnyh chastot stali osobenno aktual'nymi v svyazi s vozmozhnost'yu ih primeneniya v medicinskoj i populyacionnoj genetike, farmakogenomike i evolyucionnoj biologii. Cel'yu issledovaniya bylo rasschitat' chastotu i proanalizirovat' rasprostranennost' v 28 rossijskih populyaciyah 13 germinal'nyh polimorfizmov dvuh genov — TR53, matricy «hranitelya genoma» belka r53 i gena WRAP53, vliyayushchego na proizvodstvo belka r53. Byli polucheny dannye dlya 9 ekzonnyh variantov gena TR53 (rs587781663, rs17882252, rs150293825, rs112431538, rs149633775, rs144340710, rs1042522, rs1800371, rs201753350), odnogo intronnogo polimorfizma (rs17881850), a takzhe trekh variantov gena WRAP53 (rs17880282, rs2287499, rs34067256). Dlya bol'shinstva populyacij vyborka byla predstavlena chislom bolee 50 chelovek (za isklyucheniem pyati populyacij, v kotoryh bylo obsledovano ot 30 do 49 chelovek). Populyacionnye chastoty al'ternativnyh allelej izuchennyh gennyh variantov v bol'shinstve rossijskih populyacij okazalis' blizki k znacheniyam chastot etih allelej v sootvetstvuyushchej ih proiskhozhdeniyu evropejskoj ili aziatskoj populyacii iz mirovyh baz dannyh. Isklyuchenie sostavili shest' populyacij («Central'nyj Kavkaz», «Dagestan», «severnye russkie», «yugo-vostochnye russkie», «tatary» i «Zakavkaz'e»), v kotoryh populyacionnye chastoty al'ternativnyh allelej dlya bol'shinstva markerov okazalis' povyshennymi. Dlya vsekh vysheperechislennyh populyacij, krome «yugo-vostochnyh russkih», harakterno nesootvetstvie allelej polimorfizmov s povyshennymi chastotami ravnovesiyu Hardi–Vajnberga.
Multi-level Approach to the Regulation of Clustering and Innovative Development of Russian Regions
Authors:   Volga State University of Technology, Napolskikh Dmitry Leonidovich
Published: January 2021

The paper discusses the theoretical aspect of the formation of a multi-level model of clustering and innovative development of Russian regions. The purpose of the work is to identify a set of factors that affect the effectiveness and efficiency of these processes to work out an integrated approach in their regulation. The object of the study is the pecu-liarities of the functioning of cluster formations on the territory of the regions of the Russian Federa-tion. The formation and development of clusters of the entities of the Russian Federation is influenced by a combination of factors of macro- (federal dis-tricts), meso- (entities of the Russian Federation) and micro-levels (local production systems and in-dividual enterprises). Development tools for each of them are highlighted. A structural and logical scheme of a multi-level model of clustering and in-novative development of Russian regions has been developed. The functions of state authorities and local self-government within the cluster policy are defined: mediation, infrastructure, regulatory. It is summarized that the presented multi-level model has a promising potential of methodological foun-dations for managing the processes of transfor-mation of the economic space of regions, the main elements of which are the zones of clustering of production.
Philosophical and Methodological Foundations of Modern Legal Realism
Authors:   All-Russian Non-Governmental Organisation  “Association of Lawyers of Russia”, Gruzdev Vladimir Sergeevich
Published: January 2021

The paper deals with the problems of using realism in modern legal science (philosophy of law and the-ory of law) as a method or conceptually designed strategy of legal knowledge and legal understand-ing. The problem of realism in this sense is closely related to its philosophical and methodological foundations, which form the supporting framework of any legal concept. Questions of realism in the field of law cover a wide range of fundamental and applied aspects, so this paper deals mainly with topical issues of modern and contemporary philos-ophy of law and legal theory, in which realism in an explicit or implicit form is one of the main approach-es to the knowledge and interpretation of law. Now-adays, the problem of legal realism is mistakenly reduced to legal instrumentalism and pragmatism, which are only a special case of using realism as a setting of legal knowledge and legal understanding. The dominant trend in using the method of ontolo-gization of law is the revival of interest in the phe-nomenon of subjective reality, based mainly on so-cio-psychological and metaphysical arguments.
Errors of Derived Proofs and Evaluation of Their Evidentiary Value
Authors:   Kuban State University, Musaelyan Mikhail Georgievich
Published: January 2021

The emergence of derivative evidence is d to the mechanism of reflection of the legal fact used in the proof process and in the elements mediated in rela-tion to it. Complex mechanism reflection of the orig-inal evidence in copies derived from it, raise the question of the need to develop a mechanism for scientific determination of the degree of loss of a copy of its exact evidentiary value. The study of this problem is aimed at achieving maximum objectivity in assessing the derivative evidence, taking into account the errors of its compliance with the origi-nal evidence. The possible loss of the original evi-dentiary value of the estimated legal fact by the de-rivative evidence is usually caused by objective and subjective circumstances, the study and minimiza-tion of which will make the establishment of the circumstances of the case, where derivative evi-dence is used, more objective. The paper presents the author’s proposals for organizing the process of proving in order to preserve the coincidence of the features of the initial and derivative evidence: fixing the process of forming derivative evidence in proce-dural documents; involvement of forensic special-ists in the assessment of the obtained copies of evidence; production of forensic examinations. It is summarized that the introduction of proposals into practice will allow avoiding the loss of the evidence base due to the discrepancy between derived evi-dence and the original source of information.
Design and Development of AI-Based Tourist Facilitator and Information Agent
Authors: Munawar Adeel , Raza Syed Ali , Qasim Awais
Published: January 2021

Due to the rapid increase in the demand for information that supports tourists after, before, and during the trip, many tour systems are available. However, these systems are not able to successfully replace a human facilitator that is expensive to hire. The primary key qualities of a human tourist guide are his/her knowledge, communication skills, and interpretation of destination attractions. Traditional tourist facilitator systems are lacking in these qualities. The main idea of the research is to design an agent to guide tourists, provide them accurate information about visitable places, without having any bound for a specific region and it will have human-like communication skills along with the point of interest knowledge, which depends on its internal knowledge base as well as its online searching techniques.
Experimental simulation of mathematical learning process based on ‘chunk-objective’
Authors: Zhang Yukong , Li Hongwei , Clark John D.
Published: January 2021

Traditional mathematics learning always paid excessive attention to the memorisation and repeated practice of theoretical knowledge and ignored guidance on learning method, resulting in bad learning outcome and insufficient problem-solving ability. Based on the theory of ‘chunks’ and ‘objective’, this paper analyses the mathematics learning process from the perspective of experimental simulation, designs a mathematics learning process based on ‘chunk-objective’, and simulates it. The data show that the learning mode is scientific and effective, which can help students learn better according to cognitive rules, thus forming their knowledge structure and improving their ability to solve problems.
Modeling the Kinematics of Two Robots with Denavit–Hartenberg Notation
Authors: Burghardt Andrzej , Skwarek Wincenty
Published: January 2021

This article presents a description and methodology for building a kinematics model for the formation of two-wheeled mobile robots transporting a beam using Denavit–Hartenberg notation. The simple and inverse kinematics tasks of this formation were solved. Solutions of kinematics tasks are presented in junction coordinates and global coordinates. The obtained results were simulated using the Matlab–Simulink package together with animation of the solution using a programmed emulator of robot work.
Nutritional, Antinutritional and Phenolic Properties of Lima Bean (Phaseolus lunatus) Accessions: Underutilized Legume in Ethiopia
Authors: Gemede Habtamu Fekadu , Birhanu Etana
Published: January 2021

The study was aimed to evaluate nutritional compositions, anti- nutritional factors and antioxidant properties of lima bean accessions grown in East Shoa Zone, Ethiopia. The lima bean accessions were studied and compared for their nutritional composition, anti-nutritional factors and antioxidant properties. The result showed that lima bean accessions were good source of vital nutrients when compared to the commonly consumed legumes in Ethiopia. Particularly, lima bean accessions “LB8510” rich in crude protein whereas accession “LB85CH2” rich in crude fiber, total ash and iron and can be implemented for breeding, new product development and used as alternative source of nutrient rich to mitigate malnutrition prevalent in Ethiopia. Therefore, increasing its consumption, cultivation and promotion should be encouraged.
Nutritional Properties of Sakada Produced from Blends of Cassava and African Yam Bean Flours
Authors: Ajayi Oluwafemi , Arueya Gibson , Adedeji Olajide , Akinlabi Ajose
Published: January 2021

This study investigated the effect of African yam bean flour (AYF) inclusion on the quality of sakada. Fermented cassava mash (FCM) and AYF were blended at ratios (% w/w) 100:0 (control), 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 60:40. Sakada was produced using the blends, and its nutritional and sensory properties were determined. Protein, fat, crude fibre, P, Ca, phytate, and oxalate contents of sakada increased (p < 0.05) with increasing AYF level, while moisture, carbohydrate, and cyanide decreased. The incorporation of 20% AYF in sakada resulted in a significant amount (> 4.0 g/100g protein) of arginine, leucine, isoleucine, and phenylalanine. Sensory properties of sakada that contained ≤ 20% AYF compared favourably with sakada produced using 100% FCM. This study showed that the nutritional quality of sakada improved following AYF incorporation.
Mathematical Modelling and Numerical Simulation of Mass Transfer During Deep-Fat Frying of Plantain (Musa paradisiacal AAB) Chips (ipekere)
Authors: Adeyanju James Abiodun , Olajide John Oluranti , Oke Emmanuel Olusola , Adedeji Akinbode Adeyemi
Published: January 2021

This study developed a mathematical model following the fundamental principles of mass transfer for the simulation of the oil and moisture content change during the Deep-Fat Frying of plantain (ipekere) chip. The explicit Finite Difference Technique (FDT) was used to conduct a numerical solution to the consequential governing equation (partial differential equation) that was used to describe the mass transfer rate during the process. Computer codes that were computed in MATLAB were used for the implementation of FDT at diverse frying conditions. Samples of the plantain were cut into portions of 2 mm thickness, and these sliced portions were fried at separate frying oil temperatures (170, 180 and 190°C) between 0.5 and 4 minutes. The experimental data and the predicted outcomes were compared for the validation of the model, and the juxtaposition revealed a plausible agreement. The predicted values and the experimental values of oil and moisture transfer models produced correlation coefficients that range from 0.96 to 0.99 and 0.94 to 0.99, respectively. The predicted outcomes could be utilized for the control and design of the DFF.
Education and Learning in Sustainable Development: Foregrounding an Emergent Discourse
Authors: Manteaw Bob Offei
Published: January 2021

The framing of education and learning in sustainable development has evolved out of global environment and development discussions to shape how knowledge, learning and action are applied in efforts to address complex socio-ecological and sustainability challenges of the times. Such framings have over time contributed not only to the establishment of the importance of education and learning in issues of environment and development – sustainable development – but also to the definition of what forms education and learning should take. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) has since emerged from such framings in international discussions to pave the way for the formal recognition of the role of education and learning in the global quest for sustainable development. While the ESD discourse has since evolved to become a pragmatic educational ideology and tradition; while many countries and institutions have embraced its ideals in practice, not a lot of attention has been given to the seemingly instrumentalization of education in the ESD discourse. This work foregrounds ESD as an emergent discourse to critically explore how education has been framed in the discourse. Through Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, the paper examines the coarseness of words used in creating the ESD discourse across time by paying close attention to texts – specific language use – in key discourse moments to understand how linguistic choices, power, and institutional structures have helped to create a role for education in sustainable development and how that has facilitated the formation of the ESD discourse.
Sustainable Design Education – An Evaluation of an International Student Design Workshop in Hanoi, Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Phan Anh , Bokel Regina , van den Dobbelsteen Andy
Published: January 2021

Green Architecture for Sustainable Communities (GASC) was a joint event organised by Dutch and Vietnamese universities with the aim of boosting sustainable development in the built environment of Vietnam. As a key activity of the event, the international student design workshop focused on renovation of typical Vietnamese row houses – aiming towards sustainable and energy efficient homes. This study reports an evaluation of the student workshop based on a post-workshop questionnaire and the outcomes of the student groups. Results showed that most activities were successful in transferring sustainable knowledge to the students. The students were capable of learning sustainable theory, analysing suitable design strategies in the specific cases and applying that knowledge into the design proposals. Students learned more about bioclimatic designs and related topics such as daylight, natural ventilation, indoor comfort and greenery. Sustainable aspects of energy efficiency and water usage were also of great interest. The student selection process was the main issue for this workshop. For future events, more involvement of architects with practice is recommended.
Effectiveness of experiential teaching method on the development of nursing students’ skill competence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Bo , Ma Qing-Yong , Cui Xiang-Shu , Xiao Qi-Gui , Jin Hong-Yan , Chen Xue , Chen Yi-Yan
Published: January 2021

Objective

Skill competence is essential for nursing students and experiential teaching method has become increasingly popular in China's nursing education. To systematically evaluate the effects of experiential teaching method on the development of nursing students’ skill competence, and to provide evidence for nursing education.

Methods

The China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, Wanfang Data, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were searched from their inception until November 28, 2019. We screened the studies according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted the data, and assessed the quality. Then, a meta-analysis was conducted.

Results

Totally 15 studies were included, and 1,633 nursing students were analyzed by Review Manager5.3 and Stata15.1 software. The results show that the experiential teaching method can significantly improve nursing students’ nursing skills such as training (SMD = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.95–1.16, P = 0.000), learning interest (ES = 0.93, 95% CI: 0.79–1.06), ability to analyze and solve problems (ES = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.55–0.94), ability to judge and innovative thinking (ES = 1.01, 95% CI: 0.77–1.25), abilities of understanding and perception (ES = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.34–0.83), and teaching satisfaction (ES = 1.26, 95% CI: 1.13–1.4).

Conclusions

The results suggest that the experiential teaching method is more effective for the nursing students’ skill competence than traditional teaching in China. However, due to the heterogeneity and bias risk, a large sample and high-quality studies are needed in future to confirm its effectiveness.
A Tree-Ring chronology from Allerød–YD transition from Koźmin (Central Poland)
Authors: Krąpiec Marek , Szychowska-Krąpiec Elżbieta , Barniak Joanna , Goslar Tomasz , Kittel Piotr , Michczyńska Danuta J. , Michczyński Adam , Piotrowska Natalia , Rakowski Andrzej , Wiktorowski Damian
Published: January 2021

Subfossil trunks of pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) from the Late Weichselian were discovered in the site Koźmin in the Koło Basin, central Poland (Dzieduszyńska et al., 2014a). Another part of organic sediments with trunks was excavated in the frame of the research project. Altogether 224 samples from Koźmin were analysed dendrochronologically; they represented generally young trees, 40 to 70 years old. Based on the most convergent sequences, the chronology 2KOL_A1 was produced, 210 years in length. With the wiggle-matching method, it was dated to ca. 13065–12855 cal BP. Dendrochronological dating of trunks buried in organic sediments, most of which occurred in situ, revealed that tree deaths occurred successively, over more than 100 years. That could have been due to unfavourable climatic conditions, as well as extreme events, e.g. strong winds.
Modeling Electricity Consumption and Production in Smart Homes using LSTM Networks
Authors: Bachici Miroslav-Andrei , Gellert Arpad
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a forecasting method of the electricity consumption and production in a household equipped with photovoltaic panels and a smart energy management system. The prediction is performed with a Long Short-Term Memory recurrent neural network. The datasets collected during five months in a household are used for the evaluations. The recurrent neural network is configured optimally to reduce the forecasting errors. The results show that the proposed method outperforms an earlier developed Multi-Layer Perceptron, as well as the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average statistical forecasting algorithm.
Resolution of system of Volterra integral equations of the first kind by derivation technique and modified decomposition methods
Authors: Alzhrani M. A. , Bakodah H. O. , Al-Mazmumy M.
Published: January 2021

A solution method for various systems of integral equations of the first kind is presented in this paper. The method starts off by transforming the systems via the application of the Leibnitz’s derivation technique and then employs three different decomposition methods based on the Standard Adomian decomposition method (SADM) for solutions. To demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method, some illustrative examples are considered and the obtained results indicate that the approach is indeed of practical interest.
A new subclass of meromorphic functions with positive coefficients defining by linear operator
Authors: Reddy P. Thirupathi , Venkateswarlu B. , Sreelakshmi S.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class σ, (α,λ) of meromorphic univalent functions defined in E = {z : z ∊ ℂ and 0 < |z| < 1} = E \ {0}. We obtain coefficient inequalities, distortion theorems, extreme points, closure theorems, radius of convexity estimates and integral operators. Finally, we obtained neighbourhood result for the class σp
(γ,λ).
Correction* Exponentiated quasi power Lindley power series distribution with applications in medical science
Authors: Hassan A. , Rashid A. , Akhtar N.
Published: January 2021

The present paper introduces an advanced five parameter lifetime model which is obtained by compounding exponentiated quasi power Lindley distribution with power series family of distributions. The EQPLPS family of distributions contains several lifetime sub-classes such as quasi power Lindley power series, power Lindley power series, quasi Lindley power series and Lindley power series. The proposed distribution exhibits decreasing, increasing and bathtub shaped hazard rate functions depending on its parameters. It is more flexible as it can generate new lifetime distributions as well as some existing distributions. Various statistical properties including closed form expressions for density function, cumulative function, limiting behaviour, moment generating function and moments of order statistics are brought forefront. The capability of the quantile measures in terms of Lambert W function is also discussed. Ultimately, the potentiality and the flexibility of the new class of distributions has been demonstrated by taking three real life data sets by comparing its sub-models.
On the continuity and discontinuity of sociolinguistic research: language, languages and interaction processes in Hradec Králové
Authors: Nekvapil Jiří
Published: January 2021

The development of research areas, disciplines and sub‐disciplines is hard to map; thus, researchers can often choose to what extent they want to represent it: either via the rhetoric of continuity or revolution. Using Hradec Králové (HK) as an example I demonstrate that a number of sociolinguistic findings are relevant across different research paradigms. I present an overview of the urban speech studies carried out by B. Dejmek (esp. Dejmek, 1981 and 1987) and the interactional studies arising since the 1990s. I discuss the issue of research on multilingualism and superdiversity in the city. Finally, I report on my own research on the linguistic landscape of HK and introduce and comment on the concept of the perception scale of the representation of individual languages. I sketch the development of sociolinguistic research as a fairly coherent whole, which is shaped by the linguistic reality, the shared knowledge of this reality and the researchers themselves, who reject or follow their predecessors. Hence, the presented coherent whole is not a mere expert construct – its formation can essentially be studied “turn‐by‐turn”, similarly to a conversation analyst studying individual turns in an ongoing interaction or in a dialogical network (see Nekvapil – Leudar, 2002).
Design and analysis of two degree of freedom tilt integral derivative controller with filter for frequency control and real time validation
Authors: Chintu Jagan Mohana Rao , Sahu Rabindra Kumar , Panda Sidhartha
Published: January 2021

To deliver steady electric power with decent quality, intelligent and healthy control schemes are greatly necessary for automatic generation control (AGC) of power systems therefore, this work presents the design of two degree of freedom based tilt integral derivative controller with filter for AGC. Firstly, a two-area reheat thermal model is considered, and the gain of the controller are optimized by adaptive differential evolution method. The advantage of the suggested approach is validated by equating results with latest published approaches such as symbiotic organism search algorithm and articial bee colony tuned PID controller. Further, the suggested method is extended to a three unequal area thermal model and the performance of results are equated with teaching-learning based optimization-PIDD and firey algorithm-PID for the identical model. Lastly, the experiment of the proposed scheme has been employed in real-time simulation using OPAL-RT, for validation of its viability and cogency.