bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What’s Next? Challenges of Teaching English in the Post-Covid-19 Pandemic in Kuwaitu
Authors: AlAjlan Munirah , Ani Marouj
Published: January 2023

The migration from the traditional teaching method to online learning has affected both learners and educators at all levels. In Kuwait, this switch is implemented during three semesters. In this paper, we examine the challenges that Teachers of the English Language face today in Kuwait Post COVID-19. After the temporary on-learning that lasted three semesters, the current study investigates the impact of English language skills on school learners. The survey of the current study consisted of a total of 58 English female government secondary school teachers. While other studies have focused on the challenges that learners faced during this pandemic, this study chiefly concentrates on government teachers. The significance of this paper is to provide remedial plans to respond better to emergencies. The main question of this study is ‘What are the challenges that governmental ESL teachers faced during the pandemic? And what are the remedial plans that could be implemented? To answer these questions, a mixed methodology is used to achieve the research goal in which data are collected through an open-ended questionnaire and by interviewing three randomly selected participants. Teachers’questionnaire (closed-ended) and semi-structured narrative interviews revealed that COVID-19 has a positive and negative impact on English language skills. The effects of online English language learning on secondary school students in Kuwait result in a poor level of proficiency that teachers would need to improve. There are numerous challenges facing English Language teachers in the traditional classroom and remedial plans are being implemented to fix the impact that the pandemic left on students’ language skills.
Eksekusi Jaminan Fidusia dengan Title Eksekutorial; “Analisa Penerapan Hukum Proses Eksekusi Obyek Jaminan” (Studi kasus di Kota Cirebon)
Authors: Sampurna Putri Sari ageng jaya
Published: January 2023

Semangkin meningkatnya kebutuhan masyarakat akan kendaraan bermotor  di Indonesia saat ini membawa peningkatan pula kepada penggunaan jasa pembiayaan konsumen. Peningkatan penggunaan jasa pembiayaan konsumen oleh masyarakat perlu pula ditingkatkan dengan peraturan hukum terkait yang baik..  Salah satu aturan hukum terkait pembiyaan konsumen yang perlu diatur adalah mengenai eksekusi  obyek jaminan. Peraturan hukum pembiayaan konsumen yang baik salah satunya dapat dilihat ketika eksekusinya obyek jaminan telah mematuhi aturan hukum terkait. Perumusan masalah  yang menjadi dasar penelitian ini adalah (1) Bagaimana penerapan hukum eksekusi jaminan fidusia dengan title eksekutorial. (2) Apakah Hambatan dalam penerapan hukum eksekusi obyek jaminan fidusia dengan title eksekutorial. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan yuridis empiris dimana peneliti akan menguraikan fakta-fakta yang ada dilapangan disandingkan dengan peraturan Undang-Undang yang berlaku. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna megetahui Bagaimana penerapan hukum eksekusi jaminan fidusia dengan title eksekutorial dan Apakah Hambatan dalam penerapan hukum eksekusi obyek jaminan fidusia dengan title eksekutorial. Hasil penelitian eksekusi  benda  jaminan belum menerapkan aturan hukum terkait eksekusi obyek jaminan fidusia dengan Menggunakan tittle eksekutorial. Beberapa perusahaan pembiayaan dan konsumen perusahaan pembiyaan mengakui masih adanya penarikan tanpa adanya persetujuan debitor, dimana hal ini menyalahi aturan tentang eksekusi obyek jaminan fidusia dengan Menggunakan tittle eksekutorial terutama yang termuat dalam Mahkamah Konstitusi nomor 18/PUU-XVII/2019 yang telah merubah pasal 15 Undang-Undang Jaminan Fidusia mengenai “tittle eksekutorial” sehingga tidak dibenarkan lagi melakukan eksekusi benda jaminan tanpa adanya persetujuan debitor atau putusan pengadilan yang berkekuatan hukum tetap.
The effects of model-based cooperative and individual learning methods on pre-service science teachers’ conceptual understanding of gases
Authors:   Atatürk University, Erzurum (Turkey). E-mail: seda.okumus@atauni.edu.tr, OKUMUŞ Seda , ÖZDİLEK Zehra ,   Bursa Uludağ University, Bursa (Turkey), E-mail: zozdilek@uludag.edu.tr, DOYMUŞ Kemal ,   Atatürk University, Erzurum (Turkey). E-mail: kdoymus@atauni.edu.tr
Published: January 2023

"The aim of this study was to determine the effect of model-based cooperative (Reading Writing Application) and individual learning methods on conceptual understandings of pre-service science teachers and to eliminate their misconceptions related to gases. For this reason, a pretest/post-test non-equivalent comparison group design was applied across two experimental groups. The sample consisted of 42 pre-service science teachers; one of the research groups was a Reading Writing Application- Model Group (n=22) and the other group was an Individual Learning- Model Group (n=20). The Gases Concept Test (GCT) was used for pre- and post-test as the data collection instrument. For analysing data, descriptive statistics were determined, and the Mann-Whitney U test was performed. There was not a significant difference between groups with respect to their development of their conceptual understanding of gases. In addition, some preservice science teachers from both groups had various misconceptions about the topic after the application."
Cognitive Structure of Precervice Primary School Teachers for Basic Biology Concepts
Authors:   ", YENER Yeşim ,   Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University, Department of Primary Education, Bolu (Turkey). E-mail: yesimyener77@gmail.com", İNAN Muhammed Erkam ,   Primary School Teacher, Cumhuriyet Primary School, Siirt (Turkey). Email: erkaminan@gmail.com
Published: January 2023

"This study aimed to determine the cognitive structures of preservice primary school teachers for basic biology concepts using Word Association Test (WAT). The study group consists of 50 preservice teachers studying in a university in Western Black Sea Region in Turkey. Four separate cut-off points were determined and analysed. Organ, living things, microscope were the most common response words. The conceptual network was structured as three different islets that were disconnected from each other at the third cut-off point. The desired conceptual network was formed only when cut-off point was taken further than the last cut-off point, and that these desired interconnections, network structure were formed in some students. It is suggested that this situation should be taken into consideration while determining cognitive structures using WAT and that lecturing should be performed according to the structure of the conceptual network that is desired to be shaped in the students' memory. "
Pilot study on the effectiveness of the "Relax 2" board-game in improving vocabulary and sentence formation sills in Romanian
Authors:   ", JUHÁSZ Ana ,   Babeș–Bolyai University, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Cluj–Napoca (Romania). E-mail: antaljuhaszana@yahoo.com"
Published: January 2023

"Board-games constitute a tool that simultaneously develops children in many ways and motivates them to learn. The aim of this experiment is to examine the effectiveness of using boardgames in Romanian lessons and how the attitudes of Hungarian children change towards the Romanian language. To this end, the author created a board-game for Hungarian speaking children. The aim of the game is to bring the children closer to the Romanian language, to make it possible for them to playfully master the key words in the topics present in the elementary classes, to increase their existing vocabulary, and to develop their sentence-forming skills. 21 children participated in the research. The children learned 14 topics during the experiments, of which 7 topics were learned using traditional methods and also 7 topics were learned using the board-game. To measure the level of knowledge, the children wrote a test at the beginning and at the end of each lesson. The results show that children were able to learn more words using board-games than using traditional methods. It also became clear that when using board games, more than half of the children (56.46%) managed to form a correct sentence, while when using traditional methods, far less than half (35.37%) were able to form a correct sentence. By the end of the experiment, the children liked the Romanian lessons and their learning motivation increased significantly."
The web 2.0 workshop for the teacher candidates: A mixed method research
Authors:   ", ÖZTÜRK Gülcan ,   Balıkesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Balıkesir (Turkey). E-mail: ozturkg@balikesir.edu.tr", KARAMETE Ayşen ,   "Balıkesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Balıkesir (Turkey). E-mail: karamete@balikesir.edu.tr", ÇETIN Gülcan ,   " Balıkesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Department of Secondary Mathematics and Science Education, Balıkesir (Turkey). E-mail: gcetin@balikesir.edu.tr", KORKUSUZ Mehmet Emin ,   " Balıkesir University, Necatibey Faculty of Education, Department of Computer Education and Instructional Technology, Balıkesir (Turkey). E-mail: korkusuz@balikesir.edu.tr"
Published: January 2023

"The the study’s aim was to find out the effect of the Web 2.0 workshop on the teacher candidates’ technopedagogical education competencies and self-efficacy beliefs in developing Web 2.0 content. Besides, the teacher candidates’ views were asked about the workshop. A research design of a mixed method was used. In the quantitative part, the pre- and post-test single group experimental design was used, and in the qualitative part, the case study design was used. The research group consisted of 33 teacher candidates enrolled in a faculty of education at a university in western Turkey. To gather the quantitative and qualitative data, two scales and one questionnaire with open-ended questions were applied. A workshop was organized to teach the Web 2.0 tools to the teacher candidates in the study. While the scales were used as the pre- and post-test, the teacher candidates’ views regarding the workshop were collected with the questionnaire. For the quantitative data analysis, the paired samples t-test was used and for the qualitative data analysis the content analysis was used. The study results showed that the Web 2.0 workshop was effective in improving the teacher candidates’ technopedagogical education competencies and self-efficacy beliefs in developing Web 2.0 content. The teacher candidates expressed positive opinions about the workshop."
Inquiry Learning Skills in Geometry : a scale development
Authors:   Elazığ (Turkey). E-mail: dilerkedikli@gmail.com, KEDİKLİ Diler , KATRANCI Yasemin ,   Kocaeli University, Kocaeli (Turkey). E-mail: yasemin.katranci@kocaeli.edu.tr
Published: January 2023

"Inquiry learning is a powerful strategy to instill scientific thinking into the student. Therefore, it was aimed to develop a scale of inquiry learning skills towards geometry in this study. The study was designed according to a scanning model. The study group was determined according to the convenience sampling method. 514 middle school students participated in the study. The data obtained from these students were randomly divided into two groups, and exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed. As a result of exploratory factor analysis, a structure consisting of 12 items and two subfactors was revealed. This structure was tested by confirmatory factor analysis and the X2/df ratio of the scale was obtained as 2.13. This value proved that the scale fits perfectly. By performing item analyses, it was concluded that all items in the scale are highly distinctive. Reliability analyses were performed and it was detected that the scale was highly reliable. Using this scale, researchers could reveal students' level of inquiry skills towards geometry, reveal factors affecting students’ inquiry learning skills based on geometry. Teachers could determine students' inquiry skills to learn geometry topics, and could decide what measures they can take in case of deficiency. "
Af innleiðingu SMT-skólafærni í einu sveitarfélagi: Áskoranir en vel unnið verk
Authors: Garðarsson Leifur S. , Guðmundsdóttir Bergljót Gyða , Sigmarsdóttir Margrét
Published: January 2023

Mikilvægt er að skólar búi yfir árangursríkum og skipulögðum aðferðum til þess að mæta þörfum allra nemenda og móta jákvætt andrúmsloft í skólasamfélaginu. Starfsfólk þarf meðal annars að hafa yfir að ráða áhrifaríkum leiðum til að efla jákvæða hegðun nemenda og koma í veg fyrir óæskilega hegðun. SMT-skólafærni er dæmi um slíka heildræna og þrepaskipta aðferð en hún hefur verið notuð hérlendis í yfir 20 ár. Markmið þessarar rannsóknar var að skoða stöðu innleiðingar SMT-skólafærni í einu sveitarfélagi og hvernig henni er viðhaldið 20 árum síðar. Kannað var hvernig þjálfun og fræðslu starfsfólks er háttað, hvernig gæðaeftirlit fer fram og hvort nægar bjargir og stuðningur við verkefnið séu fyrir hendi. Viðtöl voru tekin við fimm skólastjórnendur sem allir hafa mikla reynslu af SMT-skólafærni vegna starfa sinna við grunnskóla sveitarfélagsins. Þemagreiningu Braun og Clarke (2013) var beitt við úrvinnslu gagna. Niðurstöður sýndu að grunnskólarnir hafa haldið vel utan um SMT-skólafærni í kjölfar innleiðingar, að mati þátttakenda. Mikil þekking hafi skapast innan skólanna og almennt er litið á SMT-skólafærni sem ákjósanlegan kost til þess að mæta þörfum allra nemenda. Niðurstöður eru hins vegar einnig ákall á aðstoð því skólastjórnendur töldu að stuðningi við aðferð, viðhaldi og framtíðarsýn SMT-skólafærni væri ábótavant í sveitarfélaginu. Þjálfun, fræðsla og handleiðsla starfsfólks og stjórnenda væri nánast alfarið að frumkvæði starfsfólks innan skólanna. Eina aðkoma sveitarfélagsins að SMT-skólafærni væri við fyrirlögn matstækisins School Evaluation Tool (SET), sem metur hversu nákvæmlega starfsfólk framfylgir leiðbeiningum um aðferðina, eða tryggð skólanna við aðferðina. Einnig kom í ljós að eftirfylgni vegna mats á tryggð við aðferð virðist skorta. Niðurstöður eru áskorun fyrir sveitarfélagið um að varðveita þekkingu á SMT-skólafærni innan skólanna og þróa starfið enn frekar
A new, morphologically and ecologically unusual Lasioseius mite (Acari: Blattisociidae) associated with Diaperis boleti (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) and wood-decomposing fungi in Slovakia
Authors: Mašán Peter
Published: January 2023

On the basis of females and males found on the adult beetles of the mycophagous tenebrionid Diaperis boleti (L.) and on the polypore fungi Fomitopsis betulina, Laetiporus sulphureus, and Cerioporus squamosus infested with this beetle, which serve as a specific phoretic host for the new species, a new blattisociid mite, Lasioseius boleti sp. nov. was described. The new species is characterised by a pronounced sexual dimorphism of the dorsal chaetotaxy, which is unusual for the genus, and by several features more typical of other highly specialized fungicoles among the mesostigmatic mites than of other species of Lasioseius Berlese, such as the genera Hoploseius Berlese (Blattisociidae), Mycomelichares Mašán and Joharchi (Melicharidae), and Bulbolaelaps Faraji, Zare and Rahmani (Digamasellidae). The new species is unusual among the known congeners mainly because of its unusual bionomy, sexual dimorphism, presence of unequal setae that vary greatly in length and form in both sexes, moderately shortened peritremes, sharp cheliceral teeth, and brush-like tritosternum.
A case report of metastatic Crohn's disease and the unusual triangular nasal notch sign
Authors: Rubaian Nouf , Al-Husain Khalid , Albreiki Sarah , Al-Rubaish Omar
Published: January 2023

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) is a chronic multisystem disease that affects many organ systems including the skin. Patients can also present with unusual and rare manifestations related to treatment.
Case Presentation: We report an interesting case of nasal and vulvar cutaneous CD associated with the rare triangular nasal notch sign responding to oral prednisolone therapy in a 24-year-old middle eastern female.
Conclusion: Cutaneous CD presents in a challenging way and requires comprehensive investigation to rule out many other entities in order to select the best therapeutic option for the patient.
PROGRAM ARTEMIS: TANTANGAN HUKUM RUANG ANGKASA DI ERA BARU
Authors: Nugraha Taufik Rachmat
Published: January 2023

Artemis program has mainly focused on space exploration and exploitation of the Moon and other celestial bodies. United States government as initiator is inviting government and non-government entities to involved in the Artemis program through Artemis Accords. Furthermore, this program will challenge Corpus Juris Spatialis as existing law. It could not properly answer the future problems because this law has begun obsolete after 50 years since it was composed. However, Corpus Juris Spatialis was too geocentric, using Earth as the primary benchmark of space activities. Because of that, it has lacunæ on mineral exploitation, space environment, and properties issues. Based on those facts, there must be a new regulation along with planetary sustainability approach and with space-centric character on which covered all future questions comprehensively. Furthermore, this article will examine the Artemis program using a comparative method between the U.S. and Luxembourg national legislation with Corpus Juris Spatialis as existing international space law. The author will propose a space-centric concept as a new approach to preserve outer space as the common heritage of mankind and reducing space environmental damage from such activities.
DAMPAK ASAS IMUNITAS TERHADAP PENYELESAIAN PERSELISIHAN HUBUNGAN KERJA ANTARA PEGAWAI SETEMPAT (LOCAL STAFF) DENGAN PERWAKILAN NEGARA ASING
Authors: Susanti Ida
Published: January 2023

The employment agreement between local staff and Representatives of Foreign Countries (RFC) is very problematic, because many people believe that a RFC has the immunity to be sued before the court where the RFC is located. Applicability of this immunity to employment agreement’s disputes between the local staff and the RFC is debatable. This paper will examine restrictions on the application of the principle of immunity in employment agreements, and how these exemptions impact legal protection for local staff. Therefore, using the normative/doctrinal approach, this paper will discuss the meaning of the immunity principle and its application in the employment relationship between RFC and local staff; the jurisdiction of the local court to resolve disputes between local staff and the RFC; and the impact of the limitation of the principle of immunity to the legal protection that will be provided to local staff with RFCs. Those will be seen both in regulations, court decision and opinio-doctorum. Finally, this paper will recommend parameters for determining the criteria to limit the application of the immunity principle in the employment agreement.
PENGATURAN PERLINDUNGAN DATA PRIBADI KONSUMEN JASA KEUANGAN DALAM PENGGUNAAN UANG ELEKTRONIK BERBASIS SERVER
Authors: Permana Sukarelawati
Published: January 2023

The digitalization of the economy in Indonesia in the Covid-19 pandemic situation has further encouraged banks and business actors to make innovations in order to reduce direct contact with consumers of financial services, one of which is the presence of server-based electronic money. Users who use these services are required to fill in their personal data first. With the provision of personal data belonging to consumers of financial services or users, the issuer of server-based electronic money has an obligation to protect users' personal data so that unauthorized dissemination or misuse of data does not occur. The widespread use of server-based electronic money in public activities makes provisions related to the protection of personal data important in order to protect users. However, it is necessary to examine whether the provisions on the protection of personal data of financial service consumers on server-based electronic money have met best practices. To answer these problems, research was conducted using normative juridical methods sourced from library materials. The results of the research obtained are the protection of personal data of consumers of financial services on server-based electronic money has been regulated in regulations that aim to protect users' personal data. The regulation has adopted the principles of personal data regulation as well as the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) and the existing laws and regulations in Indonesia. These regulations play a role in protecting the rights of users regarding their personal data such as the right to assimilate or withdraw the consent that has been given previously.
TIGA FASE NISBAH HUKUM GEREJA DENGAN HUKUM SIPIL
Authors: Binawan Andang
Published: January 2023

This paper discusses the changing relationship between canonic law and state (civil) law in history. In general, we can discern three stages: domination, confrontation-conflic and lastly harmony. The stages are marked by theories or principles describing or justifying the current situation.  Pope Gelasius, for instance, forward the double sword principle. With the advent of nation-states and emerging scientific approach to reality, we enter the confrontation stage between Church Law and positive secular laws made by nations states.  The third stage is marked by the 2nd Vatican Council, putting forward two important principles, i.e., salus animarum suprema lex and salus populi suprema lex, determining the relationship between Church law and secular laws.
AKIBAT HUKUM AKUISISI PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP LISENSI MEREK
Authors: Sudjana Sudjana
Published: January 2023

This study aims to obtain information regarding the legal consequences in the event of an Acquisition of ownership of rights to a Mark and to determine the legal protection of the Brand Licensee against cancellation by the Acquirer. The type of legal research used is normative using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study show that the company's acquisition does not have a legal effect on the transfer of ownership of the rights to the Mark because the meaning of the Acquisition contained in the Company Law is the Acquisition of Shares, so that the Acquired party remains the owner of the rights to the Mark. Whereas in Asset Acquisition if the Acquired company transfers the Assets including ownership of the rights to the Mark to the Acquirer, there will be a change in the parties in the Mark Licensing agreement, resulting in legal consequences for the fulfillment of achievements or royalty payments. In the event of the cancellation of the Mark License Agreement by the Acquirer, the Mark Licensee shall receive protection under the Law of the Agreement by filing a breach of contract according to Article 1243 of the Civil Code because Law of Mark and geographical indication only protects the Licensee against the deletion of the registered mark but the Licensee must agree in writing unless agreed otherwise.
THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE PROPERTY IN VIRTUAL WORLDS
Authors: Koos Stefan
Published: January 2023

Virtual reality and augmented reality have the potential to change the economy and society as much as the internet once did. In AR, virtual objects mix with real environments and objects. In virtual reality environments, people will move around using avatars and using virtual objects and individualise their virtual spaces with virtual artworks. However, the integration of humans into virtual and semi-virtual environments also leads to an intensification of problems connected with the relationship of the individual to technology and powerful platforms. The person integrated into virtual worlds will be under far closer observation and influence by platform operators than today's internet user. This must have consequences for the legal protection of personality. In addition, questions arise about the extension of personality rights to the virtual existence of the individual and to the question of the legal protection of objects used by the individual in his or her virtual environment. The article discusses some aspects from the perspective of the German law.
العنوان في شعر علي جعفر العلاق
Authors: Alois Maolod Mrai
Published: January 2023

يعدّ كل ديوان جديد للشاعر العراقي علي جعفر العلاق خطوة جديدة ومهمة في تجربته الشعرية الطويلة، ويمكن القول إن فاعلية العنونة في هذا الديوان من أهم الفاعليات الشعرية حيث قدّم تجربة عنوانية كثيفة ومثيرة، فثمة عنوان كبير هو عنوان الديوان الرئيس، وقسم قصائد الديوان على ست مجموعات، كل مجموعة تضم عددا من القصائد، ولكل مجموعة عنوان خاص وصفناه بالعنونة الثانية، وتبقى عناوين القصائد التي وصفناها بالعنونة الثالثة، بما يحرّض على دراسة جماليات عتبة العنونة بهذا التعدد والتميز والجدّة، ولعلّ هذه الخريطة التي توزعت فيها قصائد الديوان عنوانياً تمثل جماليات التجربة الجديدة التي قدّمها الشاعر المتجدد دائماً علي جعفر العلاق.
استخدام التحليل الرقمي للبيانات الفضائية في دراسة الغطاء النباتي وحالة سطح التربة في قضاء ميركة سور في محافظة أربيل
Authors: Mohammed Al Mamouri Mohammed Khalil
Published: January 2023

تناولت هذه الدراسة الوضع الراهن والكشف عن التغير في الغطاء النباتي في قضاء ميركة سورمن خلالا لاستفادة من تكامل تقنيتي الاستشعار عن بعد (Remote Sensing) من مرئيات فضائية حديثة التي يزودها القمر الصناعي (Landsat 8) ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية (GIS) من خلال برنامجARC MAP 10.3 الذي يقوم بإجراء كثير من الوظائف كعمليات المعالجة الآلية للمرئيات الفضائية وتحليل وتفسير نوع التغير ومقداره ومساحته |، وقداعتمدت الدراسة على منهج توظيف المؤشرات الطيفية (NDVI) وذلك بهدف إنتاج خرائط  رقمية للغطاء النباتي لأربع فصول لعام (2017) لمنطقة الدراسة لتحديد المناطق التي تغيرت سواء للزيادة أو النقصان و المناطق التي لم تتغير و إنشاء قاعدة بيانات عن حالة و مساحة الغطاء النباتي .
     شملت الدراسة على ثلاث مباحث إذ ضم المبحث الأول الإطار النظري للبحث ، وتناول المبحث الثاني المقومات الطبيعية لمنطقة الدراسة ، بينما تركز المبحث الثالث على كشف وتحليل التغير في الغطاء النباتي في منطقة الدراسة و قد ختمت الدراسة بالاستنتاجات والتوصيات.
أظهرت نتائج الدراسة انه على الرغم من الفرق القليل بين القيم العظمى لمؤشر (NDVI) بين كل من الفصول (الشتاء ، الربيع ،الصيف ، الخريف ) ألاان الفرق كان كبيرا عند مقارنة قيم الوسط الحسابي لمؤشر (NDVI) بين الفصول الأربعة ، وهو دليل على تباين الانعكاسية الطيفية للنبات وانخفاض كثافة وخضرة النبات في منطقة الدراسة.
    كما وصت الدراسة بالاهتمام بتقنيات الاستشعار عن ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية وبرامج المعالجة الرقمية لمعالجة المعطيات الفضائية وللخروج بنتائج دقيقة ومرضية في الدراسات الجغرافية المختلفة
التجربة الاقتصادية الاشتراكية والخطط التنموية في تونس 1962– 1970
Authors: Hamad Al-Mashhadani Muayad Mahmoud , Taha Ghailan Sameer
Published: January 2023

لا شك أن البناء الصحيح لأية دولة يتطلب قاعدة اقتصادية صلبة تؤسس عليها مؤسسات الدولة، ولا يمكن فصل الجانب السياسي عن الجانب الاقتصادي. حول الاستقرار السياسي للبلاد اهتمت تونس منذ استقلالها عام 1956 ببناء هيكل اقتصادي قوي من أجل استكمال البناء السليم لدولتها الحديثة، لا سيما وأن تونس كانت محصنة في ظل نظام الحماية الفرنسي الذي استنزف اقتصادها لسنوات عديدة. وخاصة أنه منذ إعلان النظام الجمهوري في تونس عام 1957، أخذت الحكومة التونسية على عاتقها بناء بلد حديث على الطراز الغربي.
    كان من المؤكد أن خطط التنمية وبناء الأسس الاقتصادية والهيكلية هي أول ما بدأت الحكومة التونسية في تقوية وتقوية اقتصادها لدعم مشروع التحديث الجديد الذي تبنته بعد تولي الحبيب بورقيبة مقاليد الحكم، إذ أعلن عددًا من إصلاحات في مختلف قطاعات ومؤسسات الدولة، ولعل أبرزها الجانب الاقتصادي.
أوضاع الجزائر في سنوات الحرب العالمية الأولى 1914-1918م
Authors: Ramadhan Salwan Rashid
Published: January 2023

أثرت الحرب العالمية الأولى على مجمل الأوضاع التي عاشها الجزائريون في تلك الحقبة إذ عانى السكان من مجموعة أحكام فرضها الاحتلال الفرنسي عليهم للحفاظ على مكتسباته ومصالحه على الرغم من معاناة السكان منها، فقد فرضت جملة قوانين كانت السبب في تشريد عددٍ من الشباب وانتشار البطالة وهجرة الآخرين داخلياً إلى المدن الحضرية أو إلى فرنسا أو الدول المجاورة، وامتد التعسف بحق السكان ليشمل وحدة الأسرة بعد أن حاولت تفكيك المجتمع عن طريق التضييق عليهم بفرض الضرائب وتحويل الفلاحين إلى عمال، واستنزاف الموارد الإنتاجية والزراعية التي ينتجها السكان، وكذلك قوانين جائرة أخرى كقانون الأهالي الذي يفرض على الفرد الجزائري مجموعة من العقوبات التي تنفذ فوراً منها الحبس والغرامة والسخرة وغيرها، ولم يحصل الجزائري على ابسط الحقوق التي كان يطالب بها الأعيان والمثقفين؛ بسبب معارضة المستوطنين لكل بادرة أمل قد تؤدي إلى إصلاح مجتمعهم، لإبقاء السكان الجزائريين تحت تسلطهم، وهكذا عاش السكان الجزائريون أوضاعاً اجتماعية سيئة أثناء الحرب، وفقدوا عدداً كبيراً من أبنائهم جراء مشاركتهم فيها.
أنساق الحدث الدرامي في نصوص يوسف العاني ( بعد فوات الأوان أنموذجا)
Authors: Hasan Jabbar khamat
Published: January 2023

تعد الفنون والآداب مظاهر إبداعية لا تكون إلا بوجود مبدع، والمبدع لا تظهر علامات إبداعه وتميزه إلا بوجود معالجة فنية يتقنها , المسرح العراقي ,  تطورت معالجاته الفنية  بوساطة إسماء  إبداعية فارقة في المسرح العراقي، كالكاتب والفنان المسرحي (يوسف العاني) ، الذي ترك نتاجات درامية ابداعية  ، محلية الموضوع إنسانية الشكل تتواصل مع الآخر بيسر وجاذبية فنية  ، إذ ربط الاجتماعي بالجمالي محققاً معادلة السهل الممتنع في الكتابة الدرامية، فالنص الدرامي لديه يمتاز بالواقعية المحلية ذات البناء الجمالي المحكم في حبكته وشخصياته التي تصنع مسافتها الجمالية وكأنها تعيش معك في الهنا والآن.
 إنَّ يوسف العاني أوجد لنا حبكات وأبطال وأحداث درامية راسخة في ذاكرة ووجدان الإبداع العراقي، ولهذا  وجد الباحث دراسة نص لم يخضع للتحليل من قبل ، منطلقا من دراسة   انساق الحدث الدرامي في مسرحية (بعد فوات الأوان)  للتعرف على نتاج الكاتب (يوسف العاني) من داخل النص، بوساطة السؤال الآتي: ما هي انساق الحدث الدرامي في مسرحية بعد فوات الأوان؟ التي كتبها  يوسف العاني في عام 1963  بين بغداد وبيروت؟ ولهذا انطلق الباحث بداية من الاطار المنهجي مشتملا على مشكلة البحث وأهدافه وأهميته وحدوده الموضوعية والزمانية والمكانية وتحديد المصطلحات،  لينتقل بعدها إلى الإطار النظري الذي انتهى بالمؤشرات التي ستكون أداة تحليل لأنموذج العينة المتمثل بمسرحية (بعد فوات الأوان) عينة قصدية خضعت للتحليل العلمي.
Trading Companies and Distribution of Speculative Bubbles within European Commodity and Stock Markets, 17-18 century
Authors: Sapuntsov Andrey Leonidovich
Published: January 2023

The paper examines the first financial crises based on speculative exchange transactions with overseas goods and securities of trading companies. Based on the study of Tulip mania, as well as the bubble of the South Seas and Mississippi, the features of concluding transactions "for the future" with the supply of assets that do not exist at the moment, the possibility of production or procurement of which was based on skillfully spreading rumors, are described in detail. Attention is paid to the "behavior of the crowd" when, with insufficient regulation on the stock market, the broad masses of the population became participants in exchange trading, investing there not only their own, but sometimes also borrowed assets. The assessment of measures to prevent stock speculation in the context of the abolition of monopoly rights of trading companies and the liberalization of public relations is given.     The main conclusion of the author is the dialectical interpretation of speculative crises of the XVII-XVIII centuries as, on the one hand, objectively previously unknown phenomena, for the prevention of which the government did not have enough knowledge and tools. On the other hand, crises became effective tools in carrying out structural transformations in societies of that time, breaking the established foundations, redistributing wealth, stimulating institutional changes, since the adoption of prohibitive measures in relation to speculation on the stock exchange would make it impossible overseas trade and expansion of trading companies abroad, which in fact was accompanied by a profitable robbery of colonies with the corresponding the flow of resources to Europe. Financial crises based on speculation and "air" trading persist to the present and often become global, which, in the author's opinion, is due to the impossibility of introducing total control over new financial instruments for investing abroad and an ambiguous assessment of the profitability of such activities in the future.
La carta de dote [y arras] de doña Inés De Zúñiga, condesa de Olivares (1608) /
Authors:   Universidad de Almería (España), Ortega Jiménez José Manuel
Published: January 2023

This article is a study of Inés de Zúñiga’s dowry contract on the occasion of her marriage to Gaspar de Guzmán, count of Olivares, in 1607. Thanks to this inventory, taken in 1608, goods that Inés included in her marriage will be analyzed. Among them jewelry, silver objects and clothing. This document will allow the readers to know some artist objects of the young couple.
British Special Services in Interdepartmental Contradictions in the Beginning of the 20th Century
Authors: Ivanov A. A.
Published: January 2023

In modern conditions, the problem of the objectivity of decisions taken by politicians is acute, due to the fact that responsible persons often lack reliable information. Since the beginning of the 20thcentury, the receipt and interpretation of this information has been within the competence of intelligence agencies, therefore, the success of military-political operations often depends on the effectiveness of their work and the quality of their interaction with other departments. The hypothesis of the study is that, under certain conditions, the ability of special services to influence the politicaldecision-making process is often associated not only with the effectiveness of analytical work, but more with the ability to overcome the resistance of other government agencies seeking to monopolize information channels in the government. The example of the secret services of the British Empire in this respect is valuable as far as the victory in the Great War made the apparatus of this state an object of interest of some other countries, which wanted to bring the level of efficiency and working principles of their security structures in line with the British. Accordingly, not only the advantages of the British secret services, but also their shortcomings, manifested, among other things, in the bias of assessments and distortion of the content of intelligence reports, became widespread in the world.
The Preparation of Regulatory and Organizational- Methodological Support for the Activities of the First Kazakh Teachers’ School in the Orenburg Governorate (1870s – Early 1880s)
Authors: Lysenko Yu. A. , Zhanbosinova A. S.
Published: January 2023

Based on the documentation of the local administration of the Orenburg Governorate, found in the Russian State Historical Archive, the article analyzes the process of establishing the secondary teacher’s education system for the Kazakh population of Turgai and Ural regions. The authors reveal that a decade of preparations held by the Special Commission underlay the opening of the first Kazakh teachers’ school in Orsk in 1883. They concludes that governmental circles of the Russian Empire considered the training of teachers from the Kazakh population for elementary school as an important element of policy aimed to integrate the region in all-Imperial cultural-educational space. More than decade was spend for an organizational and methodical work, formation of the legal basis for the Kazakh teachers’ school, finding of the sources of financing and the first attempt to create the Kazakh alphabet based on the Russian script. The Commission, specially created for completing these tasks, was attended by the Orenburg Governor-General, the governors of the Urals and Turgai regions, the officials of the Ministry of Public Education, the Kazan and Orenburg school districts, as well as representatives of the Kazakh population. Officials of the local administration often had different opinions regarding different problems. The most debatable issue was the language of education in the teachers' school and the relevance of courses of Arabic script and Koran studies. A certain group of officials acted as a conductor of the government policy in the Steppe, aimed at restricting the wooing customs among the Tatar population and the spread of Islam. Therefore, they furiously fought against the introduction of these courses and believed that only Cyrillic-based Kazakh language should be the language of education. Other officials believed that these courses are necessary for more successful adaptation of the Kazakh children to the educational process and popularization of school among the population. Eventually, position of the second group prevailed and adopted Regulations on the Kazakh Teachers’ School turned out to be quite liberal in its content.
PEMANFAATAN KOMPOS AMPAS SAGU DAN PUPUK FOSFOR UNTUK PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN OKRA (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench)
Authors: Desi Ratna Sari  , Nurbaiti  , Idwar
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of the interaction of sago pulp compost and phosphorus fertilizer, the single factor of sago pulp compost and phosphorus fertilizer, and to obtain the optimal dosage of sago pulp compost and phosphorus fertilizer for growth and production of okra plants. The study was conducted at the Experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Riau. The study used a factorial randomized block design (RCBD). The first factor is the dosage of sago pulp compost (K) K0 : 0 kg per plot (0 tons.ha-1), K1 : 1,75 kg per plot (8,75 tons.ha-1), K2 : 3,50 kg per plot (17,50 tons.ha-1) and K3 : 5,25 kg per plot (26,25 tons.ha-1). The second factor is the dosage of SP-36 phosphorus fertilizer (P) P0 : 0 g SP-36 per plot (0 kg.ha-1), P1 : 10 g SP-36 per plot (50 kg.ha-1) and P2 : 20 g SP-36 per plot (100 kg.ha-1). The parameters observed were plant height, number of fruits per plant, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight per plant, number of fruits per plot, and fruit weight per plot. The data obtained were statistically analyzed using variance and continued with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test at the level 5%. The results showed that the interaction of sago pulp compost and phosphorus fertilizer could increase plant height, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight per plant, number of fruits per plot, and fruit weight per plot. The best dosage of the growth and production of okra plants is 5,25 kg of sago pulp compost per plot and 20 g SP-36 of phosphorus fertilizer per plot, but the replicated 5,25 kg of sago pulp compost per plot and 10 g SP-36 of phosphorus fertilizer per plot was the optimal dosage that able to produce okra as much 7,01 tons.ha-1.
UJI DOSIS FUNGISIDA BERBAHAN AKTIF PROPINEB DAN WAKTU APLIKASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN (Fusarium oxysporum) SECARA IN VITRO
Authors: Nurhasanah  , Sulhaswardi
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of administering a fungicide with the active ingredient propined and the time of application on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum in vitro. The design used in this study was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using two factors, the first factor was the dose of fungicide which consisted of 3 levels (F), namely: 700 ppm, 1700 g/l water, and 2.7 g/l water. and the second factor was the time of inoculation which consisted of three levels so that there were 9 treatment combinations with 3 replications, so there were 27 experimental units. Each experimental unit consisted of 2 Petri dish plates which were inoculated and sampled so that there were 54 Petri dish plates. Parameters observed were the effective day of colony formation, colony diameter, conidia length of Fusarium oxysporum, inhibition of growth of Fusarium oxysporum, and macroscopic and microscopic identification of Fusarium oxysporum. If the calculated F is greater than the F table, then the BNJ test is continued at the 5% level. Based on the results of the study, the following can be concluded: treatment interaction with propined concentration and application time affects all observation parameters, where the best treatment is propined concentration of 2700 ppm and concurrent application of propined (F3S2). The main effect of real propined concentration on all observation parameters, the best treatment was propined concentration of 2700 ppm (F3). The main effect of actual application time on all observational parameters, the best treatment was with a propined application (S2).
EFEKTIVITAS HERBISIDA NABATI EKSTRAK DAUN KETAPANG (Terminalia catappa L.) TERHADAP GULMA Asystasia gangetica L.
Authors: Putri Ramadhani  , Saripah Ulpah
Published: January 2023

Asystasia gangetica is considered one of the invasive weeds and is often found in residential areas and is one of the most important weeds to plant. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the interaction between extract concentration and leaf condition of Terminalia catappa L. extracted from Asystasia gangetica. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design using two factors. The first factor was the condition of the extracted leaves, which were fresh, newly fallen and dried leaves. The second factor was the extract concentrations, which were 50, 75 and 100%. The parameters were the time of germination, the height of the plant, the number of leaves, the length of the root and the weight of the grass. The results of the experiment showed that there was an interaction between the extract concentration and the state of the extracted Terminalia catappa Leaf with all the observed parameters. In general, growth retardation increased with increasing extract concentration. Fungicidal potency was shown by the extract obtained from fresh leaves, followed by the extract from newly fallen leaves and the least from dried leaves.
UJI PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KOMPOS ORGANIK DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum)
Authors: T. Alfino Mustava  , Sulhaswardi
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction of various organic composts and banana peel POCs on the growth and production of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum). This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of two factors and 3 replications. The first factor was various organic compost (P), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0.600 (Vegetable Compost), 600 (Ketapang Compost), 600 (Straw Compost) g/plant and the second factor was banana peel organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0, 125, 250, and 375 ml/L of water. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of tillers (stem), the weight of wet safe (g), wet weight of rhizome (g), dry weight of rhizome (g), and harvest index (g). The data were statistically analyzed and continued to the BNJ test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction of various organic compost and banana peel POC treatments affected the number of clumps of tillers (stems), wet rhizome weight (g), wet rhizome weight (g), and dry rhizome weight (g). The best treatment was found on a combination of 600 g/Plot Straw Compost and Banana Peel POC with a dose of 375 ml/L water. The main effect of various organic composts affects all parameters of the observation with the best treatment was the 600 g/plant Ketapang Compost. The main effect of POC Banana Peel affected the observation parameters Wet rhizome Weight (grams), Wet Rhizome Weight (grams), Dry Rhizome Weight (grams), and Harvest Index. The best dose for POC Banana Peel Treatment ws 375 ml/L water.
Fire hazard vulnerability assessment of shopping centers: Empirical insight from Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh
Authors: Azha Md. Obaydul , Rahman Md. Naimur , Shozib Sajjad Hossain , Azim Syed Anowerul , Sarker Md Nazirul Islam
Published: January 2023

Fire hazard is now a global problem, particularly in densely populated areas in developing countries like Bangladesh. Fire hazards frequently happen in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh. Fires at several shopping malls prove that the safety measures in the shopping center are not at standard level. This study aimed to assess the fire hazard vulnerability of shopping centers in Rangpur City Corporation, Bangladesh. The study area was surveyed and analyzed with Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Remote Sensing along with primary field data regarding existing planning rules and regulations of the Government of Bangladesh. All the structures of the study area were assessed and categorized into four class ranges from very high to low, according to some vulnerability criteria defined by safety codes. The study found that about 30% of the structures fall under very high, 50% fall under high vulnerability and 20% fall under moderate vulnerability class. The most significant issue was the low vulnerable structures of the shopping centers to face fire hazards. Most of the structures fall under the danger classes that can be improved by the direct intervention of the state agency.
Preeclampsia: a new look at molecular genetic markers for the prognosis and diagnosis
Authors: Н.С. Карпова, , О.П. Дмитренко, , Е.С. Аршинова,
Published: January 2023

Преэклампсия (ПЭ) является наиболее распространенным осложнением, возникающим во время беременности, и представляет серьезную медико-социальную проблему, поскольку увеличивает частоту нежелательных исходов беременности как для матери, так для плода. В настоящее время своевременная диагностика и прогнозирование ПЭ является актуальной задачей. Существует широкий спектр потенциальных клинических, биохимических и биофизических биомаркёров прогнозирования развития этой патологии, однако ни один из них не был признан эффективным или надежным. Учитывая, что ПЭ является многофакторным заболеванием, значительный вклад в которое вносят генетические факторы, многими исследователями ведется поиск молекулярно-генетических паттернов, вовлеченных в патогенетические пути возникновения преэклампсии. В данном обзоре рассматриваются известные на сегодняшний день молекулярно-генетические биомаркёры, связанные с ПЭ.

Preeclampsia (PE) is one of the most common complications of pregnancy. This condition elevates the frequency of undesirable pregnancy outcomes for both the mother and the fetus and represents a serious medical and social problem. For these reasons, it is crucial to timely diagnose and predict the PE course. Although there are multiple potential clinical, biochemical and biophysical biomarkers for predicting the development of PE, none of them has been found effective or reliable so far. As preeclampsia is a multifactorial disease, genetic factors also significantly contribute to its emergence and progression. Thus, potential molecular genetic patterns involved in the PE pathogenetic pathways are being searched for. This review focuses on currently known molecular genetic biomarkers related with PE.