bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Children, border(land)s and mixed economies of welfare
Authors: Gruziel Dominika , Venken Machteld
Published: October 2024

This special issue is a comprehensive exploration of the pivotal role of state borders in shaping child welfare in various European borderlands from the First World War to the present. The richly detailed articles present a diverse range of historical and social-scientific perspectives, offering a comprehensive understanding of the complex dynamics at play. Each case study sheds light on a unique aspect of the mixed economies of welfare in borderland areas, collectively proposing a framework for analysing the intricate influence of welfare providers on children’s well-being in the intermediary spaces.
Experimental study on the heat input behavior of wire-arc additively manufactured 316L stainless steel parts for repairing applications
Authors: Gowthaman P. S. , Sarathchandra D. T.
Published: October 2024

Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) as an emerging manufacturing technique for fabricating large size metallic components with a higher deposition rate and lower material wastage. In this research, a thin walled-part was fabricated from stainless steel 316L with various heat input (HI) (low heat deposited wall (LHDW) and high heat deposited wall (HHDW) using the cold metal transfer (CMT)-based WAAM process. The microstructure characteristics, metallurgical characterization, and mechanical properties of the WAAM manufactured thin-walled component were examined. The deposited wall measuring 120 mm in length and 50 mm in height was fabricated by WAAM using ER316L wire and CMT. Microstructure of the deposit parts consists of the equiaxed, coarse, and columnar grains with epitaxial growth of dendrites were formed. The decrease in HI leads to the improvement of material hardness, yield and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) as well as the percentage elongation after fracture of the material decreases. EBSD analysis demonstrates the average grain size of 0.98 µm in LHDW and 2.43 in HHDW respectively. XRD results shows that main crystal structure found in WAAM thin-walled sample was γ-austenite phases. The microhardness distribution of the fabricated component exhibited the stability characteristics with the average value ranging between 213–237 HV. The tensile studies demonstrate the UTS of the LHDW and HHDW along the horizontal direction are 477 MPa greater than the vertical direction of 468 MPa and observed the anisotropy properties. The fractured surface was characterized by the emergence of obvious dimples revealing the ductile fracture. The lower HI and finer solidification structure of component fabricated by LHDW has greater tensile and hardness properties than that of HHDW. This study presents the initial assessment results for repairing stainless steel components subjected to mechanical damage.
Lesions of the Palm – Mimickers of Dupuytren’s Disease
Authors: Saad Ahmed , Perumandla Mohan Rao , Arbuthnot Charlie , Iyengar Karthikeyan P. , Botchu Rajesh
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims:

Dupuytren’s contracture is a prevalent, hereditary fibroproliferative disorder affecting the palmar aponeurosis, which can resemble various neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the hand. This resemblance poses a diagnostic challenge for healthcare professionals. This observational study aims to evaluate the range of conditions that can be mistaken for Dupuytren’s contracture over a 12-year period (2008–2020) at a specialised orthopaedic oncology centre.

Materials and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of palmar lesions referred to our tertiary orthopaedic oncology hospital was conducted. Data were gathered from oncology, radiology and histopathology databases. We specifically examined lesions located solely on the palmar aponeurosis, excluding the thenar and hypothenar regions. Patient demographics, clinical features, imaging results and clinical management outcomes were documented for descriptive analysis.

Results:

A total of 21 palmar lesions meeting the inclusion criteria were identified. The average age of the participants was 48 years (ranging from 3 to 69 years). There was no significant difference in gender distribution, with 11 females and 10 males represented in the cohort. The majority of the identified lesions were benign tumours (16), with one case of malignant rhabdomyosarcoma. Among the benign tumours, lipomas were the most common ( n = 5). Other benign tumours included three neurofibromas, a schwannoma, a granuloma, a ganglion cyst, a giant cell tumour (GCT), an angiomyxoma, a myofibroma, a cavernous haemangioma, a non-specific fibrovascular lesion and four additional non-neoplastic lesions.

Conclusion:

A variety of benign, malignant or neoplastic conditions of the hand can closely resemble Dupuytren’s contracture, particularly in the initial stages of their development. A thorough clinical examination, combined with a high level of suspicion, along with supplementary investigations and histopathological analysis, is essential for accurate diagnosis and effective management of patients.
The European Court of Justice, the EU Charter and the interpretation of fundamental social rights: Judicial law-making in disguise?
Authors: Tecqmenne Maxime
Published: October 2024

The early judgments on the horizontal effects of the right of equal treatment on the grounds of age fuelled concerns about the excessive judicialization of EU fundamental social rights. In this context, this contribution adds to the existing literature on the topical issue of the normative significance, or added value, of the EU Charter. It shows that one of the aims underlying the adoption of the Charter was to place limits on the interpretative mandate of the Court. Based upon an analysis of case law, it seeks to ascertain the manner in which the new ‘parameters of interpretation’ introduced by the Charter have been employed in the jurisprudence dealing with the interpretation of fundamental social rights. This analysis demonstrates that the entry into force of the Charter seems to have generated a renewed emphasis on literalism with respect to the interpretation of fundamental social rights. At the same time, this contribution concludes that recent judgments do not fundamentally depart from the teleological mode of reasoning traditionally employed by the Court. The Court's recent juridprudence suggests that fundamental social rights have come to play a positive role as a source of self-standing subjective rights and obligations for the sake of individuals.
The Future of the NCVS: Findings From the Multiyear Effort to Design the New Instrument and Plans for Implementation
Authors: Truman Jennifer L. , Morgan Rachel E.
Published: October 2024

During the past 50 years, various changes and improvements to the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) have occurred. During this time, the NCVS has provided important national data on personal and household victimization and has remained a key resource for understanding victims’ experiences. As the survey continues to evolve over time to address emerging data needs, this article provides details on the most recent multiyear effort to redesign the NCVS instrument. This effort was focused on three main goals: modernize the organization and content of the NCVS instrument, increase the quality of information collected and efficiency of the instrument flow, and improve the measurement and classification of crime. As we look forward to the next 50 years of NCVS data collection, the new NCVS instrument will continue to be a rich data source for understanding criminal victimization and the resulting consequences.
The Life/Blood of a Management Scholar: What a Cancer Diagnosis Taught Me About the Profession
Authors: Havrylyshyn Andre
Published: October 2024

After receiving a diagnosis of a rare form of blood cancer in my mid 30s, in the midst of my first year working full-time as an assistant professor, I reflect on the ways such a life-altering event gave me a new vantage point on my own career as a management scholar. I highlight ways that both a) the nature of the cancer treatment I had to receive and b) being forced to mentally face prospects of a reduced life expectancy, had the unforeseen value of giving me specific insights on effective ways to conduct research in our field, while still appreciating deeper issues of personal values and relationships. I specifically utilize the conceptual framework of the ‘protean’ career in my narrative essay to elucidate important truths about the nature of management scholarship which I propose all my colleagues should personally consider as they pursue their own career goals.
Synthetic Electrospun Fiber Matrix May Resemble Fungal Hyphae Over the Course of Tissue Regeneration: A Retrospective Review
Authors: Bourgeau Melanie , Marshall Carrie B. , Schowinsky Jeffrey T. , Lindeque Bennie , Clay Michael R.
Published: October 2024

Peripheral soft tissue resections offer unique wound care challenges, often leaving large surgical deficits that are slow to heal and prone to infection. Musculoskeletal surgeons have taken to utilizing a synthetic electrospun fiber matrix (SEFM) to aid in soft tissue repair. SEFM is an engineered, fully resorbable, electrospun fiber matrix engineered to mimic human extracellular matrix supporting cell ingrowth, retention, and differentiation. In addition, in vitro studies have shown SEFM to be effective at inhibiting growth of the most common bacterial and fungal organisms found in surgical site infections. However, little is reported about the histologic features of intact and resorbing SEFM in vivo. Upon investigation, it was observed that the SEFM may resemble fungal hyphae during its 1-3 week degradation via hydrolysis. Special stains for fungi and acid-fast bacilli display positivity in SEFM, further complicating precise diagnosis. Although these specimens should still be carefully evaluated for fungal organisms, it is important to note these potential pitfalls to avoid misdiagnosis, avoid the premature removal of SEFM, and avoid initiation of inappropriate anti-fungal therapy.
Myoid Hamartoma of the Breast With HMGA2 Rearrangement and Associated In-Situ and Invasive Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sta. Ines Flora Mae G. , Marketkar Shivali , Ng Stephanie , Manrai Padmini , James Sung C. , Bridge Julia A. , Singh Kamaljeet
Published: October 2024

Myoid hamartoma of the breast is an uncommon benign breast neoplasm. We describe an unusual example of an in-situ and invasive carcinoma arising in a myoid hamartoma. We also describe the unique molecular findings in the myoid hamartoma and review the pertinent literature. In radiology studies, the mammogram showed increased density/attenuation, and the ultrasound revealed a change in the overall echogenicity with hyperechoic and anechoic areas. The stromal compartment contained smooth muscle bundles and adipose tissue on microscopic examination. The stromal cells showed HMGA2 gene rearrangement by fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis and overexpression of HMGA2 by immunohistochemistry. The breast myoid hamartoma is likely underpinned by HMGA2 gene rearrangement and HMGA2 protein overexpression, which can be used as an ancillary test to diagnose this rare breast lesion. Although most myoid hamartomas have a benign clinical course, the likelihood of malignant transformation should always be considered.
“I Didn’t Have a Choice”: Experiences, Responses and Perceived Motivations for Reproductive Coercion and Abuse in Australian Women
Authors: Humphreys Tiffany , Sheeran Nicola
Published: October 2024

This study explored reproductive coercion and abuse (RCA) experiences of community-based victim/survivors, their responses to RCA, and perceived motivations for RCA. One hundred and one female RCA victim/survivors completed an online questionnaire. Intimate partners, family, friends, cultural/religious leaders, and health professionals were RCA perpetrators. Victim/survivors’ RCA experiences were heterogeneous, incorporating a range of pregnancy-preventing and pregnancy-promoting RCA tactics. Women's response to RCA depended on how it was experienced; victim/survivors were more likely to reassert control when RCA was verbal and not physical. Finally, control was the primary motivator for RCA, followed by contextual factors, drug use, and religion/culture.
Physical and psychological aspects of multiple sclerosis: Revisiting the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale (MSIS-29)
Authors: Young Carolyn A , Rog David J , Sharrack Basil , Tanasescu Radu , Kalra Seema , Chhetri Suresh K , Wilde Lisa , Mills Roger J , Tennant Alan
Published: October 2024

Background:

The MSIS-29 measures the physical and psychological impact of MS.

Objective:

The associations between MSIS-29 domains and demographic/clinical aspects were examined and trajectories analysed over time.

Methods:

Data were collected in the Trajectories of Outcome in Neurological Conditions study for a diverse population of people with MS, with follow-up for up to 5 years. Following Rasch analysis, minimal important change (MIC) was computed for ensuing total, physical and psychological domains.

Results:

Fit to the Rasch model using data from 5921 participants validated physical, psychological and total domains, and the conversion table transforms raw scores to interval-level metric equivalents. These domains showed significant differences across demographic (age, gender, employment, education, and marital status) and clinical (subtype, treatment, and duration) factors with large effect sizes. The MIC scores were physical: 9.1, total: 14.1, which were both above measurement error, and psychological: 5.5 which was not, so 1.6% of participants reported psychological change which was clinically important but not statistically significant. Trajectory analysis showed three groups, one stable and two with significant slopes, improving and deteriorating.

Conclusion:

The MSIS-29 has shown adequate fit to the Rasch model after accommodating problems with local item dependency, through a bi-factor solution. The domains showed good discrimination across key factors.
Impact of printing parameters on the dynamic outputs of a slider-crank mechanism with FFF-based 3D-printed crank-arms
Authors: Sevim Çağlar , Özmen Özkan , Parlak Mehmet , Uzmay İbrahim
Published: October 2024

In this study, the crank-arm of the slider-crank mechanism was produced with different raster angles (45°, 90°, 135°) and infill densities (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). The effect of these parameters on the dynamics of the slider was investigated experimentally and numerically, and compared with a rigid version of the crank-arm. Firstly, analytical, numerical, and experimental results are obtained for the rigid crank-arm, and the results are compared. Secondly, experiments were carried out on the same experimental setup with 12 crank-arm specimens produced using PLA. Finally, experimental results of sliders were statistically analysed with rigid-body mechanism results, and the flexibility of the crank-arms produced with fused filament fabrication was verified through numerical simulations. As the infill density decreased, the flexibility of the crank-arm increased, and the deviations in the results also grew as the energy change due to the deformation increased. The raster angle had no significant effect on the results except for 25% infill density. However, with 25% infill density, the crank-arm with 90° raster angle followed the rigid crank-arm experimental results best. As a result, it has been observed that the crank-arm produced with different printing parameters has a significant effect on the dynamics of the slider.
The role of market research in pack redesign performance
Authors: Caruso William , Romaniuk Jenni , Page Bill , William Anesbury Zachary , Williams John
Published: October 2024

The visual design of consumer packaged products is crucial for brand success, as consumers learn to recognise pack styles and look for these in buying situations. Therefore, any pack redesign is risky, as the change could interfere with consumers’ ability to find and buy the brand. Market research is often undertaken to reduce the risk of poor pack redesign decisions. Many different approaches are available, meaning marketers must select an appropriate method to increase the chance of pack redesign success. As such, our paper investigates the role of market research in packaging redesign performance. We examine data collected via an online survey with 227 marketers who were asked questions about the last pack redesign they were involved with within the previous two years. The findings challenge the assumption that conducting pack redesign research will boost its success. Notably, commonly used methods and metrics, such as focus groups or brand attitudes, are associated with less successful outcomes. In contrast, testing that identifies and suggests elements to retain in an existing pack design, that consumers link with the brand proves promising, as it is linked to more successful pack redesigns.
Insurance and Structural Access Quality and Effects on AAA Mortality: A National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report Analysis
Authors: Ramirez Andrew , Azuma Masashi , Popov Aron Frederik , Schmitto Jan D. , Moser G. William , Mokashi Suyog
Published: October 2024

Background

The National Health care Quality and Disparities Report (NHDQR) presents trends for measures related to access to care, affordable care, care coordination, effective treatment, healthy living, patient safety, and person-centered care. This study aims to determine the significance of insurance quality and access to care on AAA repair outcomes.

Methods

Data was obtained through the Agency for Health care Research and Quality database from 2016-2020. AAA repair mortality rates per 1000 persons, insurance quality, and structural access were compared between the 31 reportable U.S. states in which data was analyzed using linear regression models and ANOVA. Insurance quality and structural access groups were categorized as weak, average, and strong, based on NHDQR Reports measures.

Results

No association was found between access to care and AAA mortality at specific time points (2016 and 2020; P-value = .90 and .29 respectively) and when comparing states that showed improvement from 2016 to 2020 (weak categorization to strong; P value = .27). An association was found between private insurance quality and AAA repair mortality at baseline (2016; P-value = .022) and in those that showed improvement or worsening in private insurance quality over the study period ( P-value = .042).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that there is no association between structural access quality and AAA mortality although an association exists between AAA mortality and private insurance quality.
Care and choice architecture: Relatives’ support for adults with intellectual disabilities in supported decision-making processes
Authors: Demic Sadeta , van den Breemer Rosemarie , Hanisch Halvor , Lid Inger Marie
Published: October 2024

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) describes supported decision making as a fundamental human right. This study explores relatives’ experiences, dilemmas, as well as key factors in supported decision-making processes with adults with intellectual disabilities living in municipal housing. The study draws on qualitative, in-depth interviews with relatives. Findings suggest that we can learn about supported decision making by using choice architecture and care theories, demonstrating that: (a) care sometimes requires facilitating for making decisions, what we here understands in light of choice architecture, (b) choice architecture in the context of intellectual disability requires an intentionality of care and a focus on the person’s preferences/perspective, (c) relatives are concerned, not only with support in the moment, but also the effect of the decision in the long term, and (d) relatives’ care is a significant factor in meeting choice architecture in systemic conditions.
Stress and stress responses: A narrative literature review from physiological mechanisms to intervention approaches
Authors: Ghasemi Farshad , Beversdorf David Q. , Herman Keith C.
Published: October 2024

Stress, an inevitable aspect of human existence, triggers complex physiological and behavioral responses aimed at maintaining internal equilibrium. It requires a multifaceted understanding encompassing its physiological, pathophysiological, and behavioral dimensions to inform effective treatment approaches. This narrative literature review attempts to understand the evolution of research on stress, from its historical roots to current physiological, pathophysiological, and conceptual understandings. Pathophysiological consequences of chronic stress, including cardiovascular disease and immune system dysregulation, highlight the need for comprehensive prevention and intervention strategies. The results demonstrate the importance of adopting a holistic approach to stress management, combining pharmacological interventions with psychological therapies such as cognitive-behavioral therapy and other third-wave approaches. For chronic stress, long-term strategies focusing on lifestyle modifications, social support, and coping skills enhancement are recommended, whereas acute stress may benefit from immediate pharmacological interventions to mitigate physiological arousal and promote relaxation. The review results also indicate the significance of the biopsychosocial framework in understanding stress by acknowledging its multifaceted nature, emphasizing the effectiveness and sustainability of diverse intervention strategies, and highlighting the role of societal factors in shaping stress experiences and treatment outcomes. Further research is warranted to clarify the mechanisms underlying stress responses and refine intervention strategies for optimal efficacy and sustainability.
In Punishment We Trust: Analyzing Characteristics and Credibility of Rumor-Debunking Messages on Chinese Social Media
Authors: Chen Bin , Lu Shuning
Published: October 2024

Research on fact-checking journalism has predominantly centered on Western countries, often overlooking how distinct political media systems in non-Western countries might influence its practices and effectiveness. This article addresses this gap by focusing on government-led fact-checking in China, referred to as “rumor-debunking,” and we argue that compared to the Western mode of fact-checking, rumor debunking differs significantly with its unique motives, targets, and outcomes within the context of an authoritarian regime. Employing content analysis (Study 1) and a conjoint experiment (Study 2), we empirically examined the characteristics and credibility perceptions of rumor-debunking messages on Chinese social media Weibo during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings of Study 1 reveal that rumor-debunking efforts in China were primarily driven by government-affiliated accounts and mainly targeting ordinary citizens. Study 2 shows that message specificity mattered in that detailing the rumors being debunked, providing evidence for the debunking, and including punitive actions against rumormongers significantly enhanced perceived credibility among the Chinese public. Additionally, we found messages that received higher social endorsement—reflected by a greater number of reposts, comments, and likes—boosted credibility. However, the presence of “recommended comments,” which indicate that the account holders curated the user comments under their debunking messages, did not affect credibility. The social and political implications of rumor-debunking in authoritarian regimes were also discussed.
Classroom Toileting: A Collaborative Effort
Authors: Tourtual Jill
Published: October 2024

Developmental norms suggest that children are ready for toilet training between the ages of 18 and 24 months; however, many children now enter school without this self-care skill. Many factors can contribute to delayed toilet training including child readiness, developmental disabilities, poverty, lower parental education levels, and higher rates of single and teen-aged parents who may lack parenting skills including toilet training. Most children enroll in a kindergarten program at 5 years of age. Because children will be accepted to kindergarten regardless of toilet training status, schools need to be ready for children who lack this self-care skill. Although school staff are willing to support these children, the main purpose of school is education. The school nurse can take an active role in classroom toileting programs by collaborating with school administrators, teachers, staff, and parents to promote successful toilet training and fostering a healthy learning environment.
Reproducibility and explainability in digital pathology: The need to make black-box artificial intelligence systems more transparent
Authors: Faa Gavino , Fraschini Matteo , Barberini Luigi
Published: October 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI), and more specifically Machine Learning (ML) and Deep learning (DL), has permeated the digital pathology field in recent years, with many algorithms successfully applied as new advanced tools to analyze pathological tissues. The introduction of high-resolution scanners in histopathology services has represented a real revolution for pathologists, allowing the analysis of digital whole-slide images (WSI) on a screen without a microscope at hand. However, it means a transition from microscope to algorithms in the absence of specific training for most pathologists involved in clinical practice. The WSI approach represents a major transformation, even from a computational point of view. The multiple ML and DL tools specifically developed for WSI analysis may enhance the diagnostic process in many fields of human pathology. AI-driven models allow the achievement of more consistent results, providing valid support for detecting, from H&E-stained sections, multiple biomarkers, including microsatellite instability, that are missed by expert pathologists.
Impact of smoke-free legislation on stroke risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chua Zhuo Xun , Yeh Lai Amanda Chern , Lam Timothy Jia Rong , Ong Jamie Si Pin , Lim Shermane Yun Wei , Kumar Shivaram , Lim Mervyn Jun Rui , Tan Benjamin Yong Qiang , Aik Joel , Ho Andrew Fu Wah
Published: October 2024

Purpose:

Secondhand smoke significantly increases the risk of cerebrovascular diseases, prompting recent public smoking bans. We aimed to ascertain the effects of smoke-free legislation on stroke incidence and mortality.

Methods:

We systematically searched Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus up to August 13, 2023, for studies reporting changes in stroke incidence following partial or comprehensive smoking bans. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted on hospital admissions and mortality for stroke, stratified based on comprehensiveness of the ban ((i) workplaces-only, (ii) workplaces and restaurants, (iii) workplaces, restaurants and bars). The effect of post-ban follow-up duration was assessed visually by a forest plot, while meta-regression was employed to evaluate for any dose-response relationship between ban comprehensiveness and stroke risk.

Findings:

Of 3987 records identified, 15 studies analysing bans across a median follow-up time of 24 months (range: 3–67) were included. WRB bans were associated with reductions in the rates of hospital admissions for stroke (nine studies; RR, 0.918; 95% CI, 0.872–0.967) and stroke mortality (three studies; RR, 0.987; 95% CI, 0.952–1.022), although the latter did not reach statistical significance. There was no significant difference in the risk of stroke admissions for studies with increased ban comprehensiveness and no minimum duration for significant post-ban effects to be observed.

Discussion and conclusion:

Legislative smoking bans were associated with significant reductions in stroke-related hospital admissions, providing evidence for its utility as a public health intervention.
Maharashtrian Dalit Jalse as an Inspiration to Anti-caste Movements: A Reply from Subaltern to Subalternity
Authors: Morve Roshan K.
Published: October 2024

This article focuses on the Maharashtrian Dalit representation in the popular traditional art form of jalsa and aims to know how Marathi Dalit rangbhoomi/theatre has been used as a source to present stereotypical Dalit untouchability and caste-based issues. A long history of Dalit art from the 1930s to the twenty-first century has been transformed into a creative form for social awakening. Various forms of jalse (like ‘ Amberkarite jalse’ and ‘ Amberkarite Shahiri’, Powade, Ovi or Lavani later became mostly part of Ambedkari jalse) and their response to subalternity have a significant role in inspiring anti-case movements. These forms have influenced Dalit artists and activists not only in Maharashtra but also across India. Visiting the history of Dalit rangbhoomi demonstrates subalterns’ response to a Dalit subalternity. In addition, this study is very substantial to touch on the uncovered area of Dalit jalse and Qawwali as an anti-caste movement. Only countable articles have been published in English on Maharashtrian jalse. Thus, this research is essential to know the world about Dalit’s contribution to art creativity. This article concludes that oral traditional forms have their own representation style, and their aim is to express Dalits’ pain, injustice and struggle through traditional and modern forms of untouchability.
Reduction Quality in Posterior Malleolar Fractures Using a Modified Posteromedial Ankle Approach
Authors: Pino Felipe , Lagos Leonardo , Urbina Christian , Vargas Fernando , Parra Mauricio , Bravo Francisco , Bastias Christian
Published: October 2024

Background:

Anatomical reduction of posterior malleolar fracture is a key goal in achieving good functional outcomes in patients with ankle fractures. Although there are many approaches for managing this type of fracture, no studies have shown reduction quality of posterior malleolar fracture in postoperative CT scan using the modified posteromedial ankle approach.

Methods:

A retrospective case series of 66 patients of 2 health centers with type 2, 3, and 4 posterior malleolar fractures according to Bartonicek classification treated using the modified posteromedial ankle approach was performed. The postoperative CT scan was used to assess syndesmotic reduction and articular step-off and residual gap in posterior malleolus reduction.

Results:

Reduction of posterior malleolus fracture was determined to be <2 mm in 62 patients and >2 mm in 4 cases. Syndesmotic reduction quality was considered to be anatomical in 61 patients. Four patients showed mild anterior fibular translation in the axial plane and were not reoperated. One syndesmotic malreduction was considered poor.

Conclusion:

In this study, we found that 92% (61 of 66) of patients with posterior malleolar fracture were reduced with <2 mm step-off using this modified posteromedial ankle approach and fracture fixation strategy.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Effectiveness and Safety of Hair Growth Formulation Containing Tectona grandis L.f (Teak) Leaf Extract: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study on Males with Androgenic Alopecia
Authors: Tanuphol Nutchaninad , Waranuch Neti , Wisuitiprot Vanuchawan , Wisuitiprot Wudtichai , Insumrong Kamonlak , Temkitthawon Prapapan , Suphrom Nungruthai , Jampachaisri Katechan , Girard Corine , Ingkaninan Kornkanok
Published: October 2024

Background

Androgenic alopecia (AGA) is commonly known as male patterned baldness. A high level of dihydrotestosterone (DHT) plays a significant role in AGA development. Inhibition of the enzyme steroid 5-alpha reductase (S5AR), responsible for converting testosterone into DHT, has been shown to delay the progression of AGA. Teak ( Tectona grandis L.f) leaf extract exhibited a potent S5AR inhibitory activity. To prove the effectiveness and safety of teak leaf extract as a hair growth promotor, a double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial was conducted.

Methods

Eighty-one AGA subjects were randomly assigned to receive either a hair tonic containing 1% teak leaf extract (HT-teak), 5%minoxidil (positive control), or a placebo administered twice daily, for 24 weeks. Efficacy was assessed through target area hair count (TAHC), anagen-to-telogen ratio (A/T), hair shedding every 4 weeks, and patients’ subjective assessments of hair regrowth were assessed at the end of the experiment. Data was analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA.

Results

Both the HT-teak and minoxidil groups exhibited a significant increase in TAHC and A/T, along with a decrease in hair shedding compared to baseline values. Conversely, the placebo group showed no observable signs of hair regrowth. Furthermore, the HT-teak group reported the highest satisfaction scores, and there were no indications of skin irritation or systemic effects on sexual dysfunction and palpitation after 24 weeks of HT-teak application.

Conclusion

Teak leaf extract, as incorporated in HT-teak, demonstrates potential as an alternative mild hair growth promoter for individuals with AGA, offering both efficacy and safety.

Trial registration

This study was retrospectively registered on International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN.com); ISRCTN24541842 (registered on January 8, 2024).
Simple models for trace element fractionation during decompression melting of a two-lithology mantle
Authors: Liang Yan
Published: October 2024

Batch melting, fractional melting, continuous melting and two-porosity melting models have been used widely in geochemical studies of trace element fractionation during mantle melting. These simple melting models were developed for melting an homogeneous mantle source. Here we revisit and further develop these melting models in the context of decompression melting of a two-lithology mantle. Each lithology has its own source composition and melting parameters. During decompression melting, melt and solid flow vertically in the melting column. Part of the melt produced in one lithology is transferred to the other lithology at a prescribed rate. We use a set of conservation equations to solve for melt and solid mass fluxes, extent of melting and concentrations of a trace element in interstitial melt and aggregated melt in each lithology and mixed-column melt between the two lithologies. We uncover conditions under which batch melting, fractional melting, continuous melting and two-porosity melting models are realized during decompression melting through four case studies. We show that porosity in the continuous melting model varies along the melting column during decompression melting, contrary to what was assumed in its original development. We unify the batch melting, fractional melting, continuous melting and two-porosity melting models through a two-lithology melting model for decompression melting in a two-lithology mantle column. We discuss basic features of the two-lithology melting model through worked examples. We show that it is possible to produce partial and well-mixed melts with a range of REE patterns, from LREE depleted to LREE enriched, similar to those observed in mid-ocean ridge basalts by decompression melting of a two-lithology mantle.
Kinetic controls on the thermometry of mantle rocks: A case study from the Xigaze Ophiolites, Tibet
Authors: Zhao L. , Chakraborty S.
Published: October 2024

Temperature-dependent equilibrium partitioning of elements between different mineral (or melt/glass) phases forms the basis of geothermometry. In natural rock systems it is necessary to determine whether equilibrium partitioning of a given element was obtained between two phases before calculating temperatures using the tool. With the improvement of spatial resolution of analytical tools and our understanding of solidstate kinetics it has become clear that compositional heterogeneities on different scales exist in mantle rocks because of incomplete equilibration, and a kinetic evaluation is necessary before application of geothermometers. This work summarizes the kinetic situations that may arise and provides some guidelines and criteria for testing whether partitioning equilibrium was obtained. A suite of dunites and harzburgites from an ophiolite suite in the Himalaya (Xigaze, Tibet) is used to illustrate the application of some of these concepts. It is shown that when compositions used for geothermometry are chosen bearing these kinetic considerations in mind, a systematic pattern of freezing temperatures is obtained from the geothermometers. These data provide insights into the cooling histories of these rocks with complex, multistage (e.g. melt percolation) histories. Some potential pitfalls for geospeedometry are also illustrated along the way.
The crucial and versatile roles of bacteria in global biogeochemical cycling of iodine
Authors: Jiang Zhou , Jiang Yongguang , Hu Yidan , Dong Yiran , Shi Liang
Published: October 2024

Iodine (I) is a trace element with health and environmental significance. Iodate (IO3-), iodide (I-) and organic iodine (org-I) are the major species of iodine that exist in the environment. Dissimilatory IO3--reducing bacteria reduce IO3- to I- directly under anoxic conditions via their IO3- reductases that include periplasmic iodate reductase IdrABP1P2, extracellular DMSO reductase DmsEFAB and metal reductase MtrCAB. IdrAB and DmsEFAB reduce IO3- to hypoiodous acid (HIO) and H2O2. The reaction intermediate HIO is proposed to be disproportionated abiotically into I- and IO3- at a ratio of 2:1. The H2O2 is reduced to H2O by IdrP1P2 and MtrCAB as a detoxification mechanism. Additionally, dissimilatory Fe(III)- and sulfate-reducing bacteria reduce IO3- to I- directly via their IO3- reductases and indirectly via the reduction products Fe(II) and sulfide in the presence of Fe(III) and sulfate, respectively. I--oxidizing bacteria oxidize I- to molecular iodine (I2) directly under oxic conditions via their extracellular multicopper iodide oxidases IoxAC. In addition to I2, a variety of org-I compounds are also produced by the I--oxidizing bacteria during I- oxidation. Furthermore, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria oxidize I- to IO3- directly under oxic conditions, probably via their intracellular ammonia-oxidizing enzymes. Many bacteria produce extracellular reactive oxygen species that can oxidize I- to triiodide (I3-). Bacteria also accumulate I- during which I- is oxidized to HIO by their extracellular vanadium iodoperoxidases. The HIO is then transported into the bacterial cells. Finally, bacteria methylate I- to org-I CH3I, probably via their methyltransferases. Thus, bacteria play crucial and versatile roles in the global biogeochemical cycling of iodine via IO3- reduction, I- oxidation and accumulation and org-I formation.
Multicomponent services for symptoms in serious respiratory illness: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Spathis Anna , Reilly Charles C. , Bausewein Claudia , Reinke Lynn F. , Romero Lorena , Smallwood Natasha E. , Ekström Magnus , Holland Anne E.
Published: October 2024

Background

People living with serious respiratory illness experience a high burden of symptoms. This review aimed to determine whether multicomponent services reduce symptoms in people with serious illness related to respiratory disease.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched to identify randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating multicomponent services that enrolled patients due to symptoms, rather than underlying disease, and provided at least one nonpharmacological intervention. The primary outcome was chronic breathlessness and secondary outcomes were health-related quality of life (HRQoL), cough, fatigue and adverse events. At least two authors independently screened studies, assessed risk of bias and extracted data.

Results

Five RCTs, involving 439 patients, were included. In comparison to usual care, multicomponent services improved breathlessness mastery (Chronic Respiratory Questionnaire (CRQ) mastery scale, mean difference (MD) 0.43 points, 95% CI 0.20–0.67, three RCTs, 327 participants) and HRQoL (CRQ total score, MD 0.24 points, 95% CI 0.04–0.40, two RCTs, 237 participants). Fatigue did not improve with multicomponent services and no studies evaluated cough. No serious adverse events were reported. The one study evaluating mortality found increased survival in those accessing a multicomponent service. The certainty of evidence was very low, mainly due to detection and reporting bias.

Conclusion

Multicomponent services improve breathlessness mastery and HRQoL, with minimal risk. These findings support the use of multicomponent symptom-directed services for people living with serious respiratory illness.
Adolescents’ impairment due to climate anxiety is associated with self-efficacy and behavioral engagement: a cross-sectional analysis in Quebec (Canada)
Authors: Turcotte-Tremblay Anne-Marie , Fortier Gabrielle , Bélanger Richard E. , Bacque Dion Claude , Gansaonré Rabi Joel , Leatherdale Scott T. , Haddad Slim
Published: October 2024

Background

The current understanding of climate anxiety among adolescents is sparse. This study identifies the characteristics of adolescents living in Quebec (Canada) who experience impairments induced by climate anxiety, who have feelings of self-efficacy and who adopt pro-environment behaviors. It also characterizes the association between climate anxiety, feelings of self-efficacy, and environmental actions.

Methods

We used a cross-sectional design to analyze data from the COMPASS study on adolescent health. Participants (n = 45 362) from 113 schools in Quebec (Canada) answered questions about climate anxiety, self-efficacy, behavioral engagement, and several indicators of well-being. Data were analyzed using ordered logistic regressions adjusted for potential confounders (age, gender, school type, material deprivation, etc.).

Results

9% of adolescents reported that thinking about climate change made it difficult to sleep at least sometimes. 6% of adolescents reported that thinking about climate change interfered with their ability to get work or assignments done at least sometimes. Only 34% believed they could do something to address the problem, and 43% tried to reduce their behaviors that contribute to climate change at least sometimes. Adolescents who were boys or who were less anxious experienced less impairment and were less involved in the fight against climate change. Adolescents from less affluent families experienced more difficulty sleeping and interference with work but were not more engaged. Those with stronger school connectedness experienced less impairment and were more often involved in the fight against climate change. Adolescents who felt they could do something about climate change were more likely to try to reduce behaviors that contribute to climate change.

Conclusion

The findings are useful to identify and support vulnerable groups that are more likely to experience impairment due to climate anxiety. The feeling of climate self-efficacy was not well developed among some groups of adolescents. Improving adolescents’ beliefs in their capacity to help address climate change may be a key strategy to promote pro-environmental actions. As the threat of climate change increases, it will be important to follow the evolution of climate anxiety and engagement among adolescents.
Six clinical phenotypes with prognostic implications were identified by unsupervised machine learning in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection: results from a German nationwide registry
Authors: Shi Yanyan , Strobl Ralf , Berner Reinhard , Armann Jakob , Scheithauer Simone , Grill Eva
Published: October 2024

Objective

Phenotypes are important for patient classification, disease prognostication, and treatment customization. We aimed to identify distinct clinical phenotypes of children and adolescents hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection, and to evaluate their prognostic differences.

Methods

The German Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases (DGPI) registry is a nationwide, prospective registry for children and adolescents hospitalized with a SARS-CoV-2 infection in Germany. We applied hierarchical clustering for phenotype identification with variables including sex, SARS-CoV-2-related symptoms on admission, pre-existing comorbidities, clinically relevant coinfection, and SARS-CoV-2 risk factors. Outcomes of this study were: discharge status and ICU admission. Discharge status was categorized as: full recovery, residual symptoms, and unfavorable prognosis (including consequential damage that has already been identified as potentially irreversible at the time of discharge and SARS-CoV-2-related death). After acquiring the phenotypes, we evaluated their correlation with discharge status by multinomial logistic regression model, and correlation with ICU admission by binary logistic regression model. We conducted an analogous subgroup analysis for those aged < 1 year (infants) and those aged ⩾ 1 year (non-infants).

Results

The DGPI registry enrolled 6983 patients, through which we identified six distinct phenotypes for children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 which can be characterized by their symptom pattern: phenotype A had a range of symptoms, while predominant symptoms of patients with other phenotypes were gastrointestinal (95.9%, B), asymptomatic (95.9%, C), lower respiratory tract (49.8%, D), lower respiratory tract and ear, nose and throat (86.2% and 41.7%, E), and neurological (99.2%, F). Regarding discharge status, patients with D and E phenotype had the highest odds of having residual symptoms (OR: 1.33 [1.11, 1.59] and 1.91 [1.65, 2.21], respectively) and patients with phenotype D were significantly more likely (OR: 4.00 [1.95, 8.19]) to have an unfavorable prognosis. Regarding ICU, patients with phenotype D had higher possibility of ICU admission than staying in normal ward (OR: 4.26 [3.06, 5.98]), compared to patients with phenotype A. The outcomes observed in the infants and non-infants closely resembled those of the entire registered population, except infants did not exhibit typical neurological/neuromuscular phenotypes.

Conclusions

Phenotypes enable pediatric patient stratification by risk and thus assist in personalized patient care. Our findings in SARS-CoV-2-infected population might also be transferable to other infectious diseases.