bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Child Abuse and Neglect: An Overview
Authors: Chauhan Madhvi , Kaur Avninder , Singh Neetika , Singh Reetu , Kumar Sanchit , Kour Puneet
Published: May 2021

Child abuse and neglect are serious global problems and can be in the form of physical, sexual, emotional or just neglect in providing for the child's needs. These factors can leave the child with serious, long-lasting psychological damage. Child maltreatment is a complex life experience occurs when a parent or caregiver does an intentional or potential damage to a child, including acts of commission and omission. Child abuse is not an uncommon event, but it is not always recognized. Identifying the real number of maltreated children is a challenge because of the large variability in reported prevalence data across studies. It is associated with important economic and social costs (such as physical and mental health, productivity losses, child welfare, criminal justice and special education costs) due to its high prevalence and its long-term and short-term consequences.
The outcome of platelet-rich plasma injection therapy in chronic plantar fasciitis
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, MP, India, Upadhyay Dr. Sanjay , Kirar Dr. Sunil Kumar ,   Senior Resident, Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, MP, India, Varshney Dr. Atul ,   HOD and Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, MP, India, Singh Dr. Sanat ,   Professor, Department of Orthopaedics, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Government Medical College, Vidisha, MP, India
Published: May 2021

Background: Plantar Fasciitis is a frequently encountered problem in the everyday practice oforthopaedics. Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis is challenging to treating surgeon. Various conservativenon-invasive treatment modalities are available like rest, casting, night splinting, NSAIDs. Ifconservative management fails then corticosteroid injection over the medial tuberosity of calcaneumis an effective treatment. But in recent years Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has proved to be a safealternative approach with less complication. This study aims to find out the effectiveness of PRPinjections in Plantar Fasciitis. Material and Method: In this study, 60 patients with Plantar Fasciitiswere included. Regular follow up was done at an interval of 4 weeks, 8 weeks and 6 months afterPRP injection. Pain intensity was measured before and after injection on every follow up using theVisual Analogue Scale (VAS). Patients who have undergone at least 4 weeks of conservativetreatment were included in the study. Results: After analysis of data, the average VAS score beforeinjection was 7.01±1.35. Whereas at the end of the last visit (i.e. 6 months) average VAS scorereduced to 2.2±1.25. This difference was statistically significant (ANNOVA test p <0.0001).Conclusion: we concluded that injection of PRP is a safe, convenient and effective approach to treatchronic Plantar Fasciitis.
Air-conditioning guidelines for healthcare facilities during the covid pandemic
Authors:   MBBS MD, Professor, Department of Hospital Administration, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharastra, India, Sharma Dr. Ashutosh , Kumar K Dr. Ramesh ,   MBBS, Resident, Department of Hospital Administration, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, Maharastra, India, Patnaik Dr. Saroj K ,   MBBS, MHA, Professor, Department of Hospital Administration, Armed Forces Medical College Pune, Maharashtra, India
Published: May 2021

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered Severe AcuteRespiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The disease spreads primarily throughrespiratory droplets, physical contact and contact with surfaces as well as fomites. Isolation ofpatients in hospitals and quarantine of contacts in separate facilities are the mainstay of outbreakcontainment. This pandemic has brought forward various challenges to the hospital administrators,one of the most important being air-conditioning of hospitals in the time of this pandemic. Paradoxto the positive pressure rooms required for critically ill and vulnerable patients, it is negativepressure rooms that are required to contain and avoid the spread of COVID19. This descriptive studyprovides consolidated guidelines to establish or retrofit the available air-conditioning system athospitals, at the time of the COVID pandemic.
Bubble CPAP (Continuous Positive airway pressure) therapy as a primary mode of respiratory support in preterm newborns with mild to moderate respiratory distress syndrome
Authors:   MD Pediatrics, Assistant professor, Department of pediatrics, Mamata General Hospital and Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India, Maslekar Dr. Sanjivani Deepak , G Dr. Somaiah ,   MD Pediatrics, Professor, Department of pediatrics, Mamata General Hospital and Medical College, Khammam, Telangana, India, Veerapu Dr. Nagapraveen ,   MD, Community Medicine, Associate Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Mamata General Hospital and Medical college Khammam, Telangana, India
Published: May 2021

Background: Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is an important cause of morbidity and mortalityin preterm infants. Bubble CPAP when used appropriately, is more cost-effective, non-invasive,requires less training and has a lower risk of complications. However, not all preterm infants withRDS respond to CPAP. Aims: To study the immediate outcome of preterm infants with mild tomoderate respiratory distress syndrome on Bubble CPAP. To study the safety and effectiveness of B-CPAP and to identify the risk factors associated with its failure. Setting: NICU, Department ofpediatrics, Mamata general hospital and medical college, Khammam. Design- Prospectiveobservational study Material and Methods: This duration bound study was conducted fromFebruary 2018 to February 2020. Based on the inclusion criteria 73 Preterm babies with mild tomoderate respiratory distress syndrome requiring respiratory support were included in this study.Details of birth history, use of antenatal steroids, gestational age, type of delivery, birth weight,Downes score and chest X-ray were recorded. And the effectiveness and outcome of bubble CPAPwere studied. Results: Out of the total of 73 cases, 53(72.60%) were treated successfully, while20(27.40%) failed bubble CPAP. Conclusion: Bubble CPAP is the safe primary mode of respiratorysupport in Preterm newborns with mild to moderate RDS, more effective with early Initiation and inPreterm babies born to mothers with the use of antenatal steroids.
Color Blindness Testing Using A Client-Server Based on The Ishihara Method
Authors: Ardiyanto Yudhi , Yusvin Mustar Muhamad
Published: May 2021

The Ishihara method is one way to detect whether or not someone suffers from color blindness. This method possesses several sets of plates or circle patterns containing various combinations of colored dots and sizes, forming numbers visible for people with normal eyes. A collection of several plates with the name Ishihara book is available in the market. However, the book has a weakness for being easily damaged or faded in color. Although there are some shortcomings, several researchers have developed applications to anticipate those weaknesses. Being unable to be used by several people at once and the test history has not been adequately archived, are several examples of shortcomings of existing applications. This study aims to create a client-server-based color blindness testing mobile application. The system can provide real-time test results, and detailed test history is presented. Another feature is the push notification menu that sends messages to all users. This application has been designed and implemented successfully. Thereby, it can be used for a color blindness test before conducting a medical examination.
SARS-CoV-2 recurrence and probable reinfection: outcome of a descriptive surveillance in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
Authors: Alasia Datonye Dennis , Maduka Omosivie , Wariso Kennedy , Awopeju Temitayo , Emuh Faith
Published: May 2021

Background: The reports of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection have increased. This stimulates the need for surveillance in diverse populations to establish the extent of reinfections and the challenges to diagnosis.Methods: A retrospective descriptive survey aimed at identifying probable SARS-CoV-2 reinfections using established criteria and proposed definitions was performed at a tertiary hospital in South-South, Nigeria.Results: The study found two cases for evaluation of reinfection. One case was identified as probable reinfection, pending the outcome of gene sequencing, while the second case was categorized as recurrence. The limited access to routine genetic sequencing for confirmation of reinfection was identified as a key challenge.Conclusions: Probable SARS-CoV-2 reinfections occur in Nigeria. Systematic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 testing at the state and country-level is advocated to have a more accurate estimate of the burden of reinfections in the country. Access to genetic sequencing should be scaled up in Nigeria.
General surgery resident’s perspective towards general surgery residency in Pakistan and allotment of surgical cases to them: a cross sectional study
Authors: Ammar Ahmed Siddique , Naqi Syed Asghar , Sattar Zahra , Inayat Farwa , Hadi Ali , Khalid Ahmed Usman
Published: May 2021

Background: General surgery residency is considered a stressful field with residents facing many problems including learning operative procedures, competition with fellow colleagues, gender discrimination and balancing their marital and family life.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-structured questionnaire, containing questions about perspective of general surgical residents about residency structure and problems in Pakistan and about allotment of surgical procedures to them. A total of 1624 general surgical residents were conveniently enrolled in this study from different tertiary care hospitals of Pakistan.Results: Mean age of residents was 29 years (range 24-35 years).70.44% of residents were male while 29.55% were female. Majority of the residents were from 2nd year residency (30.66%). 889 (54.7%) of the residents thought that the general surgery residency had put negative effects on their family and marital life while 1365 (84%) stated that they suffered from anxiety depression sleep deprivation at some time during the residency (p<0.01). 864 (53.2%) residents disagreed that surgical procedures are allotted according to the year of residency.901 (55.4%) residents were not sure that buttering their seniors will get them more cases. 887 (54.6%) were unsure about gender discrimination in the general surgery (p<0.01).Conclusions: Gender discrimination in general surgery is now obsolete. Main factor in the allotment of operative procedure is the responsible behaviour of the resident, past operative records and level of pre-and post-operative care of the patients. Grid system should be adopted for the allotment of surgical procedures.
A study to assess the macular thickness and visual outcome before and after cataract surgery
Authors: Salwan Abhishek , Singh Shakeen
Published: May 2021

Background: Cystoid macular edema (CME) is the formation of fluid-filled cystoid spaces between the outer plexiform and inner nuclear layers of the retina. It may present as a complication of routine cataract surgery including phacoemulsification (PHACO) and small incision cataract surgery (SICS).Methods: An observational study of uncomplicated cataract surgery with assessment by ophthalmoscopy, slit Lamp, Snellen chart and OCT during pre- and post-operative period. 100 patients were selected by inclusion criteria and using convenient sampling technique and were divided into two groups of 50 each in PHACO and SICS groups.Results: During preoperative observation in SICS/group-1, mean value and SD of macular thickness was 223.38±12.61 and in PHACO/group-2 it was 224.14±12.69. Mean value, mean difference and p value of visual acuity in group 1 was 0.258, during 12 weeks 0.788 with mean difference -0.53 and p=0.000 and in group 2 it was 0.269, during 12 weeks 0.844 with mean difference -0.58 and p=0.000. Mean value, SD, mean difference and p value of macular thickness in SICS during 1 week was 238.28±12.29, during 12 weeks 227.04±12.58 with mean difference 11.24000 and p=0.000 and in PHACO mean value, SD, mean difference with p value during 1 week was 231.90±12.42, during 12 weeks was 225.02±11.74 with mean difference 6.88000 and p=0.000.Conclusions: A subclinical increase in post-operative macular thickness was recorded which returned nearly to baseline values during the 12 weeks follow up and did not affect visual outcome.
Outcome of primary peritoneal drainage in perforated necrotizing enterocolitis: an experience with 96 infants
Authors: Rashid Kumar Abdul , Wani Reyaz Ahmad , Tak Shafat Ahmad , Masood Omar , Samie Amat U. , Magray Mudasir Ahmad , Jan Muzaffar Ahmad
Published: May 2021

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis is a life-threatening inflammation of neonatal intestine of multifactorial etiology. In early stages, medical management is considered; while as a transmural disease with pneumatosis or perforation needs surgical attention. Primary peritoneal drainage has evolved as an alternative to classic exploratory laparotomy especially in sick preterm and very low birth weight infants.Methods: In our study, we tried to employ primary peritoneal drainage as an initial intervention in all surgical necrotizing enterocolitis patients and analyzed the results and final outcome in terms of total days in neonatal intensive care unit, total parenteral nutrition days, days to start oral feeds, need for laparotomy, mortality and other complications.Results: Around one-third patients were either very low or extremely low birth weight and 80% patients were preterm. Primary peritoneal drainage was successful without need for laparotomy in around 65% of patients. In the rest 34 patients, 24 were subjected to rescue laparotomy, while 10 could not be stabilized for major surgery. Overall mortality was 29.16%.Conclusions: Early bedside primary peritoneal drainage can be employed in all cases of NEC with perforation with rescue laparotomy to be determined by subsequent monitoring. This strategy seems to be safe and cost-effective in a resource challenged set up and lifesaving in sick and extremely low birth weight infants.
Job Satisfaction Among Dentists According to Workplace in Tehran
Authors: Emrani Reza , Sargeran Katayoun , Shamshiri Ahmad Reza , Hessari Hossein
Published: May 2021

Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to assess the level of job satisfaction among dentists in Tehran, according to background determinants, working environment elements, and type of workplace in 2018.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 350 dentists, selected by convenience sampling, completed a validated Persian job satisfaction questionnaire in a dental congress (with about 1100 participants) in Tehran, and in 59 dental clinics. The questionnaire included 39 structured questions (in 12 domains) on job satisfaction, reporting the satisfaction level according to a 5-point Likert scale. The level of satisfaction was measured by summing the weighted scores of each domain. The mean job satisfaction score (out of 100) was reported according to demographic factors (age, gender, level of income, years of experience, marital status, and number of children), working environment elements (number of assistants, number of colleagues, type of workplace), and stress score (8 questions). Linear regression was applied for statistical analysis.
Results: The mean score of job satisfaction was 70±10. The analysis showed that women, dentists with a low income, those working in the public sector, and those with higher stress scores had lower job satisfaction scores (P<0.05). The number of dental assistants, number of colleagues, age, work experience, marital status, number of children, and monthly number of patients had no significant correlation with job satisfaction (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The level of job satisfaction was mainly related to individual determinants. Improving job satisfaction can foster the whole dental care system and working environment elements.
LncRNA MALAT1 Promote Cell Proliferation and Invasion by sponging miR-125b to Modulate HMGA1 Expression in Laryngocarcinoma
Authors: Zong Guangxin , Feng Xinrong , Sun Xiuhua , Du Jiexin , Wang Guangsheng , Song Tingting
Published: May 2021

Background: Laryngocarcinoma is the most frequent head and neck malignant tumor. MALAT1 have a role in promoting cell proliferation and metastasis in several tumors. This research aimed to investigate the great roles of MALAT1in laryngocarcinoma.
Methods: Overall, 54 cases of laryngocarcinoma tissues pathological specimens and paracancerous tissues were collected by surgical resection from the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery at the Shandong Provincial Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, China from Jan 2012 to Oct 2015. The microRNA and protein levels of genes were evaluated by RT-qPCR and western blot. The proliferative and invasive ability were calculated usingCCK8 and transwell assays. Kaplan-Meier method was used to assess the survival of laryngocarcinoma patients.
Results: In laryngocarcinoma tissues and cells, lncRNA MALAT1 expression was significantly increased compared to normal tissues and cells. LncRNA MALAT1 promotes proliferation and migration of laryngocarcinoma cells. LncRNA MALAT1 upregulates HMGA1 expression by acting as a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) for miR-125b. Rescue experiments showed that microRNA-125b inhibitor reversed the change in cell viability and invasion induced by sh-MALAT1. Down regulation of lncRNA MALAT1 inhibits laryngocarcinoma proliferation and invasion by modulating miR-125b /HMGA1.
Conclusion: LncRNA MALAT1 promotes the development of laryngocarcinoma by regulating the expression level of HMGA1 by acting as a miR-125b ceRNA and may be considered as a new strategy for the development of laryngocarcinoma.
Relationship between Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha and Neuropeptide Y Expression and Neurological Function Score in Epileptic Children
Authors: Qiu Li , Zhang Dongli , Sang Yan , Zheng Nuo , Chen Jiao , Qiu Xuan , Liu Xiaoming
Published: May 2021

Background: To observe the relationship between Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (TNF-α) and Neuropeptide Y (NPY) expression and neurological function score in epileptic children.
Methods: Fifty-four epileptic children diagnosed and treated in Xuzhou Children's Hospital, China from Feb 2017 to Mar 2018 were collected and included in a research group (RG), while 30 healthy children who underwent physical examination at the same time were included in the control group (CG). ELISA was used to detect the expression of TNF-α and NPY in the serum of children in the two groups, and those before treatment were compared. The National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) and Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) scores before and after treatment were observed, and Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between the expression levels of TNF-α and NPY in the serum as well as NIHSS and HAMA scores.
Results: The expression levels of TNF-α and NPY in the serum of children in the RG were significantly higher than those in the CG (P<0.001). The expression level of TNF-α was positively correlated with the NIHSS and HAMA scores (r=0.748, P<0.001) (r=0.772, P<0.001). The expression level of NPY was positively correlated with the NIHSS and HAMA scores (r=0.768, P<0.001) (r=0.643, P<0.001).
Conclusion: TNF-α and NPY are highly expressed in epileptic children and are positively correlated with neurological function score.
Mandate and Supplication of Typhoid Vaccine in Pakistan
Authors: Hussain Aamir
Published: May 2021

The article's abstract is not available.
Biochemical Profile, Micro-mineral Status and Metallothionein Expression in Abattoir Buffaloes Environmentally Exposed to Heavy Metals
Authors: Bhardwaj Himalaya , Singh Chanchal , Nayyar Shashi
Published: May 2021

Background: The present study was planned to assess the biochemical and micro-minerals profile in blood and other tissues of buffaloes environmentally exposed to heavy metals. Methods: Tissues (liver and kidney) and blood samples (n=50) were collected from local abattoir. Based on the level of heavy metals, animals were classified as exposed and control was found to have heavy metals in normal range. Blood and tissue sample from both groups were analyzed for micro-minerals, antioxidant status, metabolic profile and expression of metallothionein-2 (MT-2). Result: Exposed group was found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) higher level of arsenic and chromium as compared to the control group. Level of Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) were observed to be significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in exposed animals as compared to control but their concentrations were below the permissible limit in both the groups. Cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) level were normal in all tissues but Fe level was lower than permissible limit in blood. Malonldialdehyde (MDA), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) was found to be significantly increased (p less than 0.05) in tissues and blood of exposed group. The exposed buffaloes were found to have significantly (p less than 0.05) increased glucose, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea and creatinine level as compared to control group. Fold change expression of metallothionein (MT-2), had maximum in liver, followed by kidney and blood as compared to control group. The study concluded that heavy metals exposure and low concentration of micro-minerals in buffaloes could result in oxidative damage and alterations in the expression of metallothionein.
SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN FEN ÖĞRETİMİNE YÖNELİK ÖZ YETERLİLİK İNANÇLARININ İNCELENMESİ VE KAYNAK ETKİLERİNİN MODELLENMESİ
Authors: ULUÇAY Özlem , AKILLI Mustafa
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışmada Adıyaman ili ilkokullarında görev yapmakta olan sınıf öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimi öz yeterlilik inançlarının farklı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi ve öğretmenlik mesleği öz yeterlilik kaynaklarının, öğretmenlerin fen öğretimi öz yeterliliğini ne boyutta etki ettiğinin ortaya konması amaçlamaktadır. Araştırmada betimsel tarama modeli ve yapısal eşitlik modelleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın örneklemini 212 erkek, 204 kadın toplam 416 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada “Sınıf Öğretmenlerinin Fen Öğretiminde Öz-Yeterlik İnancı Ölçeği” ve “Öğretmen Özyeterlik Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda sınıf öğretmenlerinin fen öğretimine yönelik öz yeterlilik inançlarının incelendiği faktörlerde cinsiyet değişkenine, mezun oldukları bölüme, görev bölgesine göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermediği tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma süresine göre, öz yeterlilik inancının genelinde ve alt faktörlerden yeterlik inancı faktöründe istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılığın olmadığı, alt faktörlerden sonuç beklentisinde görev süresi 5 yıldan az olanlar ile 6-10 yıl arasında olanlarda anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
İLKÖĞRETİM SEKİZİNCİ SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYADA KULLANDIĞI (ALINTI) KELİMELER ÜZERİNE BİR DEĞERLENDİRME
Authors: BAŞTÜRK Şükrü , ÇIĞ Emin
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada ilköğretim 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin sosyal medya uygulamalarında kullandığı kelimeleri tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bunun için 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılında Balıkesir'deki bir devlet okulunda öğrenim gören 102 8. sınıf öğrencisi arasında bir araştırma yapılmıştır. Bu öğrencilerden “Hangi sosyal medya hesaplarını kullanıyorsunuz, Kullandığınız sosyal medya hesaplarında vaktinizi nasıl geçiriyorsunuz, Sosyal medyada neler yapıyorsunuz?” sorularına kompozisyon yazarak bir ders saatinde cevap vermeleri istenmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin kullandığı -alıntı- kelimeler tespit edildikten sonra öğrencilere bu kelimeler okutularak öğrencilerin bu kelimeleri Türkçe mi yoksa kaynak dildeki gibi mi okudukları tespit edilmiştir. Sosyal medyada gençlerin kullandığı kelimelerin araştırıldığı bu nitel araştırma, durum çalışması olarak desenlenmiştir. Bu araştırmada öğrencilere yazdırılan kompozisyonlar, içerik analizi tekniği ile çözümlenmiş ve öğrencilerin sosyal medya kanallarında kullandığı kelimeler tespit edilmiş ve bu kelimeler şekil bilgisi açısından bir sınıflandırmaya tabi tutulmuştur. Bu araştırma sonucunda 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin internet ve sosyal medya uygulamalarında 155 kelime kullandığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu kelimelerin bir kısmının alıntı, bir kısmının Türkçe, bir kısmının ise Türkçeleşmiş alıntı kelime olduğu görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin alıntı kelimelerin tamamını İngilizcedeki sesletim özellikleriyle telaffuz ettikleri, 26 alıntı kelimeyi basit isim olarak kullandıkları, 12 alıntı kelimeye Türkçe yapım ekleri ekleyerek onlardan 1 yeni isim, 11 yeni fiil türettikleri, 38 alıntı isme Türkçe fiil ekleyerek birleşik fiiller meydana getirdikleri, 4 kelimede ise bir alıntı kelimeyle bir Türkçe ismi bir araya getirerek birleşik isim oluşturdukları, dilimizde hâlihazırda kullanılmakta olan toplam 75 kelimeye ise TDK Güncel Türkçe Sözlükteki anlamlarının dışında yeni anlamlar kazandırdıkları tespit edilmiştir. 11 birleşik fiilde de at- fiilinin asıl fiil özelliğinden uzaklaşarak yardımcı fiil işleviyle kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir.
ELEŞTİREL DÜŞÜNME BECERİLERİNİ GELİŞTİRMEYE YÖNELİK TASARLANAN TEKNOLOJİ DESTEKLİ ÖĞRETİM UYGULAMALARINA İLİŞKİN ÖĞRETMEN ADAYLARININ GÖRÜŞLERİ
Authors: GÜRSAN Serkan , TAPAN BROUTIN Menekşe Seden , İPEK Jale
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmada, ilköğretim matematik öğretmeni adaylarının, Facione (1990) tarafından belirlenen eleştirel düşünme becerilerinin gelişimine katkı sağlayabilmek için tasarlanan teknoloji destekli öğretim modeli uygulamaları ile ilgili görüşleri incelenmiştir. Araştırma, 2019-2020 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz döneminde, Marmara Bölgesindeki bir devlet üniversitesinin Eğitim Fakültesi İlköğretim Matematik Öğretmenliği 4. sınıf öğrencileriyle gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması deseni kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak toplam beş sorunun yer aldığı yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Görüşmeler uygulama sürecine katılmış 14 öğretmen adayı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler betimsel analiz tekniği ile incelenmiştir. Analiz sonucunda tasarlanan öğretim modeli uygulamalarının etkisi, öğretmen adaylarının görüşlerinden yola çıkarak beş tema altında sunulmuştur. Bu temalar, (1) derslerde uygulanan yöntem, (2) derslerin içeriği, (3) GeoGebra kullanımının ders ortamına etkisi, (4) ders planlarının etkinliği ve (5) derslerin eleştirel düşünme becerilerine etkisi şeklindedir. Temalar, olumlu ve olumsuz iki kategori olacak şekilde 40 koddan oluşmuştur. Temalarda en sık ifade edilen kodlardan araştırmanın sonuçları elde edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, tasarlanan öğretim modeli uygulamalarının Facione’nin belirlediği eleştirel düşünme alt becerileri ile uyumlu olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, öğretmen adaylarının, tasarlanan modülün eleştirel düşünme farkındalığının oluşmasına katkı sağladığı yönünde görüş bildirdikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
GRUPLA ROBOTİK PROGRAMLAMADA OTANTİK GÖREV ODAKLI UYGULAMALARIN PROBLEM ÇÖZME BECERİLERİ ÜZERİNDEKİ ETKİSİ
Authors: ÖZENOĞLU Yunus Emre , BALTACI Şehnaz
Published: May 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı, grupla programlama öğretiminde otantik görev odaklı uygulamaların ortaokul 5. sınıf öğrencilerinin problem çözme becerileri üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Çalışmada nicel ve nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin birlikte yer aldığı çoklu metot kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın nicel boyutunda zayıf deneysel tek grup ön test-son test modeli, nitel boyutunda ise durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Nitel verileri toplamak amacıyla, öğrencilerin yapılandırılmamış problemleri çözerken uyguladıkları işlem adımlarını belirlemek için, 56 öğrenciye (28 grup) ölçekteki problem çözme adımlarına ilişkin problem çözme formları yöneltilmiştir. Ayrıca öğrencilerin grupla (eşli) programlama yapmaya ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemek için 6 öğrenciyle (3 grup) yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçlarına göre öğrencilerin problem çözme becerilerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Nitel verilere ilişkin sonuçlara göre sırasıyla: Uygulamaya başlamadan önce, öğrencilerin öncelikli olarak problemi analiz ettikleri ve anlamaya çalıştıkları; uygulama esnasında, belirlenen hedefi gerçekleştirmek için çoğunlukla deneme-yanılma ve adım adım ilerleme yöntemini kullandıkları; uygulama bittikten sonra ise, fiziksel etkinlikler gerçekleştirdikleri ve sıklıkla çözüme ilişkin alternatif yollar geliştirdikleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
1924-1960 YILLARI ARASINDA ESER VEREN ÖĞRETMEN YAZARLARIN ESERLERİNİN EĞİTİM İDEALİZMİ YÖNÜNDEN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: ERCANASLAN İpek , OGUR Erol
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma, 1924-1960 yılları arasında eser veren öğretmen yazarların öğretmen karakter bulunan ve eğitim konusunu içeren roman türündeki eserlerinden ideal eğitim ve ideal öğretmen özelliklerini tespit etmeyi amaçlayan nitel bir çalışmadır. Araştırmanın sınırlılıklarına uygun olarak seçilen 20 romandaki ideal eğitim ve öğretmenlik mesajları belge tarama yöntemi ile tespit edilmiş olup bu mesajlar betimsel analiz ve içerik analizi kullanılarak ayrı başlıklar altında detaylı şekilde yorumlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ise öğretmen yazarların öğretmen ve eğitim konulu romanlarından ideal eğitim ve öğretmenlik mesajlarına ulaşılabileceği görülmüştür. Bu mesajların yorumlanması sonucunda ise öğretmenlerin çalıştıkları yerlerdeki ekonomik yapının, öğretmen- halk ilişkisinin, halkın eğitim hakkındaki düşüncelerinin ve öğretmenlerin mesleklerini tercih nedenlerinin eğitimi doğrudan etkilediği anlaşılmıştır. Ek olarak, eğitimi olumlu ve olumsuz etkileyen unsurların varlığı da tespit edilmiştir. Romanlarda eğitimi olumsuz etkileyen unsurlar; ekonomik, fiziki ve doğal problemler ile öğretmenlerin, öğrencilerin, bürokratların ve halkın olumsuz düşünce ve eylemleridir. Bu olumsuz unsurlarla birlikte ideal eğitim ortamını oluşturmak ya da korumak için halk, bürokratlar ve idealist öğretmenler tarafından yapılan çeşitli icraatlar da tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca incelenen romanlardaki öğretmen niteliklerinin ve davranışlarının yorumlanmasıyla birlikte ideal öğretmen tipinin niteliklerine ulaşılmıştır.
COVID-19 SÜRECİNDE SINIF ÖĞRETMENLERİNİN ACİL UZAKTAN ÖĞRETİM TECRÜBELERİNİN VE GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: BARAN Aslihan , SADIK Olgun
Published: May 2021

Bu çalışma, acil uzaktan öğretimde sınıf öğretmenlerinin COVID-19 salgını sürecindeki tecrübelerinin ve görüşlerinin incelemesini kapsamaktadır. Araştırma, zincir okullardan birine ait bir kampüste, 10 sınıf öğretmeninden veriler toplanarak gerçekleşmiştir. Araştırma nitel araştırma türünün fenomenoloji deseni ile desenlenmiştir. Veri toplama 3 aşamada gerçekleşmiştir. İlk olarak sınıf öğretmenlerinin hazırbulunuşluklarını ölçmek amaçlı katılımcılarla bir çevrim içi konferans aracı kullanılarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. İkinci aşamada tecrübe verilerini toplamak için katılımcıların iki uzaktan eğitim dersi gözlemlenmiştir. Son aşamada ise dersler tamamlandıktan sonra katılımcılar ile genel görüşlerini toplamak amaçlı yarı yapılandırılmış görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Veriler NVivo uygulaması kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre katılımcıların belli bir teknolojik hazırbulunuşluklarının bulunduğu fakat öncesinde bir uzaktan eğitim deneyimlerinin bulunmadığı ortaya çıkmıştır. Katılımcıların alan yeterliliklerine bakıldığında, çoğu katılımcı kendini alanında yeterli görmekte ve bunu sürekli güncel kalmakla bağdaştırmaktadır. Katılımcılar, öğrencilerinin yaş gruplarının küçük olması sebebiyle, uzaktan öğretimde yaşanan birtakım zorlukların veli desteği alınarak üstesinden geldiklerini bildirmiştir. Araştırmada, ölçme değerlendirme sorunlarına da vurgu yapılmıştır. Katılımcılar uzaktan öğretimde ölçme değerlendirmeyi güvenilir bulmamakla birlikte bu süreçte öğrenci takibi ve iyileştirilmesi için öneriler sunmuştur. Ayrıca bu çalışma acil uzaktan öğretime geçecek kişiler ve kurumlar için öneriler sunmaktadır.
Development of food industry metrological assurance complex
Authors: Sergeeva A. S. , Vostrikova N. L. , Medvedevskikh M. Yu.
Published: May 2021

The paper considers the contribution of experts from the Laboratory of Metrology of Moisture Measurement and Reference Materials to the improvement of the food industry metrological assurance system. The information on the results of the development of forty types of reference materials (RM) for the composition of various nutrition, food staples and nutritional supplement in the period 2008-2020 is generalized. The development of each new RM type included preparation of the material, research for its stability and homogeneity, and determination of certified value with the appliance of State primary (GET 173) and secondary (GVET 176-1) standards, as well as primary reference measurement procedures and conducting the interlaboratory experiment for checking the applicability of the RM. The creation in 2008 of GET 173 was accompanied by the development of RMs for the composition of grains and dry milk product. The approval in 2010 of GVET 176-1 allowed to add in the RM the certified value for the mass fraction of nitrogen (protein). As a result of successful participation in comparisons, UNIIM got 6 items of calibration and measurement capabilities on measurements of mass fraction of nitrogen in glycine, milk powder, grain, egg powder, cereal and feed-stuff in the BIPM database. 35 types of RM for the composition of dairy and meat products, egg powder, infant food, oil and starch products together with the development of primary reference measurement procedures for measurement of fat, crude fat, ash and carbohydrates mass fraction were created between 2016 and 2019. Moreover, the RM for the composition of nutritional supplement (glycine, melamine, cystine) and dairy products for metrological assurance of IR-analysers as well as RM for the composition of reconstituted milk were developed for the control of measurement results by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Developed RM were systemized on fields of the appliance of Technical regulations of Customs Union and the sectors of the international food triangle model. These RMs allow providing the measurement uniformity of the identification indicators and the nutritional value of food products and food staples.
Graduation of AMR-1006M NMR analyzers using natural samples and samples-imitators
Authors: Agafonov O. S. , Prudnikov S. M.
Published: May 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the metrological characteristics of NMR analyzers AMV-1006M obtained during their calibration to determine the mass fraction of oleic acid in sunflower seed oil using sunflower seeds and specially developed reference materials (RM) - imitators of the mass fraction of oleic acid in seed oil. When calibrating an NMR analyzer under repeatability conditions, it was found that the relative standard deviations of the measurement results and the limits of the confidence random error of the measurement results using RM simulators are almost 3 times lower than the results of the measurement with use of natural sunflower seeds. When checking the reproducibility of the calibration results using four NMR analyzers, it was found that the reproducibility of the calibration of NMR analyzers using RM simulators of the mass fraction of oleic acid is more than 3 times better than when using sunflower seeds. The data obtained is explained by the fact that RM-simulators have a fairly homogeneous structure, which is formed during their manufacture. Sunflower seeds are a complex heterogeneous system with a heterogeneous structure in the volume of the analyzed sample. The study of the effect of temperature on the calibration results showed that the standard deviation of the measurement results for RM-simulators does not exceed 0.8 % abs., while the using of natural seeds, values of 2.5 % abs. were obtained. Thus, the use of RM simulators can significantly reduce the calibration error of NMR analyzers associated with the effect of temperature. The obtained data confirmed the expediency of using for calibration of the AMV-1006M NMR analyzers precisely CO-simulators of the mass fraction of oleic acid.
ANALISIS KESTABILAN LERENG HIGHWALL MENGGUNAKAN METODE BISHOP SIMPLIFIED PADA PIT 13 PT BELAYAN INTERNASIONAL COAL KECAMATAN MARANGKAYU KABUPATEN KUTAI KARTANEGARA
Authors: Syam Muhammad Amin , Heriyanto Heriyanto , Umar Hamzah
Published: May 2021

PT Belayan Internasional Coal is an open-pit system mining company, one of its geotechnical activities is the construction of the slopes. Slope stability analysis used the Bishop Simplified method to obtain the value of the dynamic safety factor (≥ 1,1). Currently, the value of the Safety Factor (FK) is an indicator in determining whether the slope is stable or not. The parameters used in the slope stability analysis are the physical and mechanical properties of the rock, namely weight (ɣ), cohesion value (c), and internal shear angle (∅). From the results of dynamic overall slope calculations, the recommended overall slope is constructed with an individual slope angle of 55°, a bench width of 5 meters, a height of 10 meters, and the number of individual slopes of 8 slopes. This design will produce dimensions of the overall slope with 41° slope angle, 80 meters high, and has a dynamic safety factor value of 1,102 with the water-saturated condition. Thus, the slopes are in stable condition.
The Importance of Antihypertensive and Lipid-Lowering Therapy in the Treatment of Patients with a New Coronavirus Infection COVID-19
Authors: Podzolkov V. I. , Tarzimanova A. I.
Published: May 2021

At the end of 2020, a new term “post-COVID-19 syndrome” appeared in the medical community. The prevalence of this syndrome reaches more than 30% among patients who have had COVID-19, and its duration can vary from 12 weeks to 6 months. One of the most severe consequences of COVID- 19 is the defeat of the cardiovascular system, which has a variety of mechanisms: dysregulation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system; pathological systemic inflammatory response; direct action of the virus on the myocardium with the development of myocarditis; respiratory failure with hypoxia, leading to damage to cardiomyocytes; microvascular damage due to hypoperfusion, increased vascular permeability, angiospasm and the direct damaging effect of the virus on the endothelium of the coronary arteries; thrombotic complications due to the procoagulant and prothrombogenic effect of systemic inflammation. One of the most promising directions in the treatment and prevention of damage to the cardiovascular system in patients with hypertension who have undergone COVID-19 is the appointment of antihypertensive drugs that have the most pronounced organoprotective properties together with statins. The single pill combination of lisinopril, amlodipine and rosuvastatin is an effective drug that allows achieving not only adequate hypotensive and lipid-lowering effects, but also due to its pronounced organoprotective properties, to expect a reduction in cardiovascular risk and complications in patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus.
Treatment of Resistant Hypertension in Real Clinical Settings
Authors: Maltseva A. S. , Tsygankova A. E. , Gabitova M. A. , Rodionov A. V. , Fomin V. V.
Published: May 2021

Background. Current guidelines describe in detail the approaches to the management of patients with resistant hypertension, however, in real clinical settings the number of non-rational and ineffective combinations of antihypertensive drugs used remains high.

Aim. To analyze the distribution of different combinations of antihypertensive drugs for the treatment of resistant hypertension and to estimate the proportion of non-rational combinations.

Methods. The retrospective analysis includes 117 outpatients with resistant hypertension. Resistant hypertension was defined as blood pressure that remains above goal despite concurrent use of three antihypertensive agents of different classes. Exclusion criteria was secondary hypertension. We defined rational combination as the standard combination (renin-angiotensin system [RAS] blocker + calcium-channel blocker [CCB] + diuretic) plus one of the group of reserve drugs (mineralocorticoid receptors antagonist [MRA], beta-blocker, alpha-blocker, agonist of imidazoline receptors [AIR]). Non-rational were considered combinations in which reserve drugs were used before the appointment of a triple combination of first-line drugs. Moreover, in a subgroup of non-rational therapy, situations were identified where such a combination was justified.

Results. The proportion of rational combinations was 58.9%, reasonably non-rational - 15.5%, unreasonably non-rational - 25.6%. Unreasonably non-rational combinations are distributed as follows: non-appointment of CCB - 12%, non-appointment of RAS-blockers - 8%, non-appointment of diuretics - 6%, use of RAS-blockers for hyperkalemia - 6%, administration of MRA without non-potassium-sparing diuretics - 5%, double blockade of RAS - 3%, other combinations - 7%. In addition to first-line drugs, beta-blockers (93.2%), loop diuretics (22.2%), AIR (21.4) were the most prescribable, while the proportion of MRA is only 15.4% of the entire sample.

Limitation: some patient's characteristics could be missed in case histories and some of the combinations could be falsely recognized as malpractice since the analysis was conducted retrospectively.

Conclusion. The proportion of the non-rational combinations for the treatment of resistant hypertension is high. Among the drugs of the reserve, the frequent use of beta-blockers and moxonidine and the inadequate administration of spironolactone are noteworthy. The problem of treatment strategy choice remains relevant in real clinical practice.
Dynamics of Kidney Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Atrial Fibrillation Who Receive Dabigatran
Authors: Novikova N. A. , Salpagarova Z. K. , Chashkina M. I. , Bykova A. A. , Alimova Z. A. , Yadykina А. S. , Mesitskaya D. F. , Babakova N. A. , Andreev D. A.
Published: May 2021

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequent type of supraventricular arrhythmias. The anticoagulant therapy should be prescribed to prevent thromboembolic events. According to randomized clinical trials, anticoagulants do not always prove their high efficiency in the real clinical practice. It is a complicated issue for any doctor to prescribe the anticoagulant therapy for patients with AF and CKD. 30 % of patients with atrial fibrillation are known to have chronic kidney disease, while 10-15% of patients with chronic kidney disease are diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Currently, there are scarce studies into the use of direct oral anticoagulants in patients with atrial fibrillation and chronic kidney disease (in case of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) below 45 ml/min/1.73 m2).

Aim. To determine the dynamics of GFR in patients with AF and CKD (in case of GFR below 45 ml/min/1.73 m2).

Material and Methods. The sub-analysis was carried out to examine a single-centre prospective study into the optimization of the anticoagulant therapy in the outpatient practice. Initially, 133 dabigatran taking patients were enrolled in the study, and 79 patients were included in the final analysis. Endpoints were changes in Glomerular Filtration Rate (CKD-EPI) formulae as of the inclusion date, in 6, 12, 24 and 60 months after the inclusion. Changes in the renal function shall mean a decrease or increase in GFR by ≥5 ml/min.

Results. The average follow-up period for patients was 1785 ± 218 days. A GFR>45 ml/min/1.73 m2 occurred in 116 (87.2%) patients, and a GFR <45 ml/min/1.73 m2 was found in 17 (12.8%) patients. The average HAS-BLED score was 1.8, and CHA2DS2VASc score - 3.8. During the observation period, there were 3 cases of major bleeding and 133 cases of minor bleeding. Both major (р=0.025) and minor (р=0.012) bleeding were statistically significant more frequent in patients with GFR below 45 ml/min. During 5 years of follow-up, 66 (49.6%) patients had an average decrease in GFR of 3.32 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year. Patients with the initially declined GFR (below 45 ml/min) did not demonstrate a significant dynamic of the renal function during the dabigatran therapy. The mortality rate in this group during the observation period was 61.5%.

Conclusion. In 49.6% of patients during 5 years of follow-up, GFR decreased by an average of 3.32 ml/min/1.73 m2 per year, which does not exceed the indicators typical for patients with cardiovascular events and CKD.
Management of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Reznik E. V. , Nguyen T. L. , Golukhov G. N.
Published: May 2021

Chronic heart failure (CHF) occurs in 4.3-28% of patients with diabetes mellitus and is most often associated with the presence of coronary heart disease, arterial hypertension and the direct adverse effects of insulin-resistance, hyperinsulinemia and hyperglycemia on the myocardium. Diabetes mellitus occurs in 12-47% of patients with CHF and can develop within several years after a diagnosis of HF in 22% of patients due to insulin-resistance of failure tissues. The presence of diabetes mellitus leads to a greater severity of clinical symptoms and hospitalization rate, worsening of quality of life and prognosis in CHF. A decreased left ventricular ejection fraction is an independent predictor of the poor prognosis in the patients with diabetes mellitus. The algorithm of the treatment of CHF in the patients with and without diabetes mellitus is not fundamentally different, but it requires taking into account the metabolic effects of the prescribed drugs. Angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor are increasingly used in clinical practice and are gradually replacing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and sartans in CHF both without diabetes mellitus and in its presence. Recently, the effectiveness of type 2 sodium glucose cotransporter inhibitors has been proven in patients with CHF with and without diabetes mellitus. This review is devoted to the relationship of diabetes mellitus and CHF, as well as the approaches to the management of such comorbid patients.
Clinical Trials Evaluating Drug Therapy: Types, Reliability of Results, Place in Modern Evidence-Based Medicine
Authors: Martsevich S. Yu. , Kutishenko N. P. , Lukina Yu. V. , Lukyanov M. M. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: May 2021

The article discusses the main methods of evidence in modern medicine. Special attention is paid to randomized controlled trials and observational studies. The advantages of randomized controlled trials over observational studies are considered. A comparison of the informative value of randomized controlled trials and observational studies in assessing the effect of therapeutic interventions is made. Attention is drawn to situations when conducting randomized controlled trials is not possible and when they become the main source of information. It is emphasized that in order to verify the results of randomized controlled trials in real clinical practice, it is necessary to conduct observational studies. The basic principles of conducting observational studies are considered.