bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Education, job insecurity and the within country migration of couples
Authors: Mariotti Francesco , Mumford Karen , Pena-Boquete Yolanda
Published: January 2017

We consider the migration movements of power couples (couples where both members have at least a college degree), half-power and no-power couples within Australia. We explicitly allow for potential association of these movements with local labour market features including perceived job insecurity. The results support an urbanisation hypothesis; partnered college graduates like to live in major cities regardless of their gender or the qualifications of their partner.

JEL Classification: J3, J7
What Changes Are Needed to Keep Vascular Surgery Alive and Vigorous?
Authors: Green Richard M.
Published: January 2017

To keep vascular surgery alive and vigorous, we need to regain our preeminence as the principal therapists for patients with aneurysms, carotids, and occlusive disease of the lower extremities. We must regain the sense of excitement about our specialty and refocus training for residents and practicing surgeons toward those skills necessary to provide the full range of therapies at the highest level. Attaining these goals will require embracing, obtaining, and applying endovascular expertise throughout the vascular workforce. We can no longer moan and whine over encroachments into our turf by nonsurgeons. We must make our own opportunities. Changes in our attitude, our identity, and our structure will be necessary to do so.

Our ability to make change will depend upon our values, defined as the judgment as to whether we remain a derivative of our general surgical roots (with continued emphasis on improved quality from traditional operations) or embrace the disruptive technology of endoluminal therapy as the next iteration of vascular surgical practice. We cannot do both because the preparation for the latter precludes the former. We are at a crossroads because if we accept endovascular technologies as critical to our future, our path is clear.
An Update on the Important Findings from the EUROSTAR EVAR Registry
Authors: Harris Peter L. , Buth Jacob
Published: January 2017

This article summarizes the important findings to emerge from the European Collaborators on Stent-Graft Techniques for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (EUROSTAR) Registry since its inception in 1996. The Registry is an open observational study of the outcomes from endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR). Data have been contributed, on a voluntary basis, by 135 vascular centers from 18 European countries. Patients are registered prospectively, and data analysis is on an intention-to-treat basis. Results from the first generations of endograft were characterized by excellent early results but poor durability of abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. EUROSTAR data have played a vital role in informing the technical evolution of subsequent generations of endograft and their clinical application. The latest data from EUROSTAR show significant improvements in all outcome measures, most importantly, those relating to durability. EUROSTAR has tracked and informed the evolution of EVAR. Improving results confirm that substantial progress has been made since 1996. EUROSTAR continues to contribute to this ongoing process.
Technical Note on Renal Angioplasty and Stenting: New Developments that Facilitate Its Performance
Authors: Silva Michael B. , Bohannon W. Todd , Santana Dixon
Published: January 2017

Technologic advances in percutaneous catheter-based therapy for renovascular occlusive disease have resulted in progressively miniaturized wires, balloon catheters, stents, and delivery systems. The technique of angioplasty and stenting of renal artery stenoses has been shown to be a safe and effective option for severe hypertension and ischemic nephropathy. Renal artery stenting, especially when performed with the newer lower-profile systems, can be performed with minimal morbidity and a reliably high degree of initial technical success. In this article, we describe our technique using a lower-profile platform of balloons and stents and review data supporting renal artery stenting.
Early Spontaneous Resolution of an Iatrogenic Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Zafar Mohammad , Pang Philip , Henry Glen , Ziganshin Bulat , Tranquilli Maryann , Elefteriades John
Published: January 2017

Acute aortic dissection is a rare but devastating complication during cardiac catheterization. We present the case of an elderly female who incurred a Stanford Type A/DeBakey Type I acute aortic dissection extending into the arch vessels and descending aorta likely occurring during right coronary artery engagement for angioplasty. The patient was treated successfully by immediately sealing the entrance of the dissection via the placement of a stent and anti-impulse therapy. Follow-up computed tomography scan showed complete resolution of the dissection within one month.
Tests, scans and investigations, 6: X-ray
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: January 2017

There are a variety of imaging procedures that are carried out in order to help make a diagnosis, or to assess a patient's response to treatment, or their disease progression. One of the most common radiological procedures (imaging techniques) performed in the healthcare setting is an X-ray. These are carried out in specifically designated areas, in order to ensure safety for the public and staff.

This article provides the reader with an overview of the historical background to the X-ray, an outline of the procedure and a discussion of the role and function of the healthcare assistant and the assistant practitioner (HCA and AP) in relation to this procedure.
What do we know about emotional labour in nursing? A narrative review
Authors: Badolamenti Sondra , Sili Alessandro , Caruso Rosario , FidaFida Roberta
Published: January 2017

Nurses have to manage their emotions and the expression of emotion to perform best care, and their behaviours pass through emotional labour (EL). However, EL seems to be an under-appreciated aspect of caring work and there is no synthetic portrait of literature about EL in the nursing profession. This review was conducted to synthesise and to critically analyse the literature in the nursing field related to EL. Twenty-seven papers were included and analysed with a narrative approach, where two main themes were found: EL strategies and EL antecedents and consequences. Hence, EL is a multidimensional, complex concept and it represents a nursing competence to provide the best care. Moreover, nurses have a high awareness of EL as a professional competence, which is a fundamental element to balance engagement with an appropriate degree of detachment to accomplish tasks for best practice, and to provide high-quality patient care.
Enteral tube feeding: using good practice to prevent infection
Authors: Malhi Hardip
Published: January 2017

Enteral tube feeding is the delivery of nutritionally complete feed via a tube into the gut. It is used for patients who are unable to meet their nutritional needs orally. Enteral feeding can be given through a variety of different tubes that access the gastrointestinal tract either via the stomach or the small bowel. The contamination of enteral feed can often be overlooked as a source of bacterial infection. Enteral feeds can become contaminated in a variety of different ways. Most often infections result in extended lengths of stay in hospital and patients also need additional therapies and treatments in order to resolve these infections. Healthcare-associated infections not only affect the patients who acquire them but also have an impact on the staff involved in their care. Each acute trust will have its own local policies and guidelines regarding enteral feeding and infection control and prevention. These local documents will be based on national initiatives and guidelines. It is important for nurses to refer to their local policies and guidelines before they start a patient on enteral feeding to ensure that they are doing so in the safest manner possible. Nurses' practice is key to preventing bacterial contamination in such patients.
De la invasión al barrio
Authors: Fontcuberta Rubio David , Villar Pastor Paula
Published: January 2017

Proyecto Fin de Carrera.David Fontcuberta y Paula Vilar
Dynamic Cities – Ciudades Dinámicas: Una propuesta simbólica para un mundo caótico
Authors: Martínez Medina Andrés
Published: January 2017

Dentro de las actividades culturales de la 15ª Muestra de Arquitectura de la Bienal de Venecia (2016) figura el programa “Time, Space, Existence” al que ha sido invitado el profesor de la Universidad de Alicante Joaquín Alvado Bañón con una instalación titulada Dynamic Cities. Este montaje se integra en la serie de exposiciones del European Cultural Center dentro del palacio Bembo. Se despliega una maqueta de dos dimensiones (y un vídeo) con una maleta abierta en todas sus tapas, ejecutada con un bastidor metálico y mostrando el equipaje: un total de doce tablas de piedra natural de distintos tamaños y formatos rectangulares de cantos curvos. El resultado es un collage de piezas pétreas atravesadas por sus huecos redondos que se ajustan como piezas de un puzle sobre un engranaje de barras.Según el propio autor, con esta propuesta trata de demostrar la inestabilidad del mundo y, por ende, de las ciudades y las sociedades que lo habitan. Parte del principio del “efecto mariposa”, que está en el origen de las teorías del Caos, e intenta establecer nexos entre muy distintas variables para sentar las bases de la innovación entendiendo la ciudad como un organismo cinético, no predecible como mecanismo, en donde la forma física es meramente el soporte de las actividades, las energías y los flujos de información. Se trata de una aproximación conceptual a la ciudad como un ecosistema abstraído hacia dos elementos: el vacío y el sistema dinámico. La instalación expresa simbólicamente la interacción entre los espacios públicos y las arquitecturas privadas como una metáfora de la Historia de las ciudades. Es una instalación que apuesta por los seres humanos, definidos por su condición racional que se muestran en su condición emocional y que acusan su condición social, condición que se favorece las ciudades.
Paralisis Periodik Hipokalemik pada Anak dengan Asidosis Tubulus Renalis Distal
Authors: Souvriyanti Elsye , Pardede Sudung O.
Published: January 2017

Paralisis periodik hipokalemik merupakan kelainan yang relatif jarang ditemukan, tetapi berpotensi menimbulkangejala klinis yang dapat mengancam jiwa. Dilaporkan satu kasus PPH yang disebabkan asidosistubulus renalis distal pada anak perempuan usia 14 tahun yang datang dengan keluhan kelemahan ototekstremitas akut berulang, dicetuskan oleh muntah-muntah, latihan fisik yang berat dan makan makananyang banyak mengandung karbohidrat. Pada pemeriksaan fisis ditemukan penurunan kekuatan motorik,penurunan refleks tendon, tanpa disertai penurunan kesadaran. Pada pemeriksaan laboratorium menunjukkanhipokalemia, asidosis metabolik hiperkloremik, senjang anion plasma normal, dan senjang anionurin yang positif. Pasien diterapi dengan kalium dan natrium bikarbonat dengan hasil perbaikan.
Epidemiologi Tuberkulosis
Authors: Kartasasmita Cissy B.
Published: January 2017

Tuberkulosis (TB) masih merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas pada anak di dunia, namunkurang mendapat prioritas dalam penanggulangannya. Data surveilans dan epidemiologi TB pada anak jarangdidapat. Hal ini disebabkan berbagai faktor antara lain sulitnya diagnosis TB anak, meningkatnya TB ekstraparu pada anak, tidak adanya standar baku definisi kasus, dan prioritas yang kurang diberikan pada TB anakdi banding TB dewasa. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi TB anak tinggi, namun umumnya tanpakonfirmasi pemeriksaan bakteri tahan asam (BTA) positif. Salah satu indikator untuk menilai situasi TB dikomunitas adalah dengan Annual Risk of Tuberculosis Infection (ARTI), adalah indeks epidemiologi yangdipakai untuk evaluasi dan monitor keadaan tuberkulosis di suatu komunitas atau negara. Perbedaan angkamorbiditas dan mortalitas TB di berbagai negara dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor risiko, dibedakan antararisiko infeksi TB dan sakit TB.
RADIATION DEGRADATION OF PCBS IN SEDIMENTS: COMPARISON OF TWO METHODS
Authors: Darážová Ľubica , Šagátová Andrea , Nečas Vladimír , Fülöp Marko , Han Bumsoo
Published: January 2017

Polychlorinated biphenyls are toxic compounds which have accumulated in river sediments in Eastern Slovakia. Bioaccumulation could cause even cancer. Radiation degradation with electrons is new and perspective method to dechlorinate PCBs in sediment matrix. We tested the influence of two difference chemical pretreatments and electron irradiation on PCB contaminated sediments.
IMPACT OF THE CHEMICAL FORM OF IN-CONTAINMENT SOURCE ON FISSION PRODUCT RELEASE FROM WWER-1000/V-320 TYPE NPP CONTAINMENT DURING LOCA
Authors: Kecek Adam
Published: January 2017

Nuclear power plant accidents may be followed by a release of fission products into the environment. This release is dependent on several phenomena, such as chemistry, pressure, type of the accident etc. The aim of this paper is to assess the impact of the chemical form of iodine on the fission product release into the environment.
ION SOURCE FOR A SINGLE PARTICLE ACCELERATOR
Authors: Matlocha Tomas
Published: January 2017

This paper proposes a method to obtain very low beam current on the injection side of an particle accelerator. By using a combination of a well known ion source type and a short photo-emissive laser pulse, very low amount of ions can be created. The method could be used in the ion source of various types of the accelerators, where very low beam current is essential. The design is adapted to build a compact internal ion source and the dimensions of the device are adjusted to fit central region of the cyclotron U-120M. The functional parameters of the device are discussed and the ammount of the produced ions is estimated.
QUENCH FRONT PROPAGATION IN THE ANNULAR CHANNEL
Authors: Stepanek Jan , Blaha Vaclav , Dostal Vaclav
Published: January 2017

Understanding the quench front propagation during bottom core reflooding is crucial for the effective cooling during the LOCA accident. The results presented in this paper were obtained on an experimental loop with an annular test section. The test section consists of a vertical electrically heated stainless steel tube with outer diameter 9 mm and length of 1.7 m. The heated tube is placed inside a glass tube with the inner diameter 14.5 mm. Water mass flux during the reflooding is in the range from 100 kg.m−2.s−1 up to 140 kg.m−2.s−1 and the initial wall temperature of the stainless steel tube is in the range from 250 °C up to 800 °C. The presented results show the influence of the initial conditions on the quench front propagation and the complexity of the phenomenon.
Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism) in male patients
Authors: Dedov Ivan I. , Melnichenko Galina A. , Rozhivanov Roman V. , Kurbatov Dmitriy G.
Published: January 2017

Hypogonadism in male patients defined as testosterone level decrease in serum associated with specific symptoms and/or signs (see the detailed description below) can be observed in case of abnormal changes in testes and/or pituitary such as Klinefelter syndrome, Kallmann syndrome and also in male patients with idiopathic, metabolic or iatrogenic disorders resulting in androgen deficiency. The Guidelines does not review all disorders conditioning development of testosterone deficiency (hypogonadism), but focusing on the options of the clinical conditions of hypogonadism generally observed in male patients. This article contains a supplement to the previously published draft of the guidelines: Dedov I.I., Mel’nichenko G.A., Rozhivanov R.V., Kurbatov D.G. The recommendations on diagnostics and treatment of male hypogonadism (deficit of testosterone). The project. Problems of Endocrinology. 2015;61(5):60-71. doi: 10.14341/probl201561560-71
Forward current-voltage characteristics simulation of 4H-SiC silicon carbide Schottky diode for power electronics
Authors: Rybalka S.B. , Krayushkina E.Yu. , Demidov A.A. , Shishkina O.A. , Surin B.P.
Published: January 2017

Forward current-voltage characteristics of 4H-SiC Schottky diode with Ni Schottky contact have been simulated based on in the physical analytical models based on Poissonâ€™s equation, drift-diffusion and continuity equations. On the base of analysis of current-voltage characteristics in terms of classical thermionic emission theory it is established that the proposed simulation model of Schottky diode corresponds to the â€œidealâ€ diode with average ideality factor nÂ»1.1 at low temperature ~300 K. It is determined that effective Schottky barrier height equals 1.1 eV for Ni/4H-SiC Schottky diode.
Revisiting Multiplicity of Bubble Equilibria in a Search Model with Posted Prices
Authors: Rabinovich Stanislav
Published: January 2017

Multiplicity of equilibria naturally obtains in search models of money with price posting: buyers’ money holdings depend on posted prices, which, in turn, depend on buyers’ money holdings. I show that this multiplicity of equilibria exists in general even when money is replaced with a dividend-bearing asset, as long as the asset is useful as a medium of exchange. If the fundamental value of the asset is sufficiently high, there is a unique equilibrium, in which the price of the asset equals its fundamental value. For lower fundamental values, there is a continuum of bubble equilibria, in which the price of the asset exceeds the fundamental value. For very low fundamental values, the equilibrium is again unique but the asset is not used as a medium of exchange. I characterize the set of symmetric and asymmetric bubble equilibria for both positive and negative fundamental values.
Uniform congruence counting for Schottky semigroups in SL2(𝐙)
Authors: Magee Michael , Oh Hee , Winter Dale
Published: January 2017

Let Γ be a Schottky semigroup in

SL
2

⁢

(
𝐙
)

{\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z})}

,
and for

q
∈
𝐍

{q\in\mathbf{N}}

, let

Γ
⁢

(
q
)

:=

{

γ
∈
Γ

:

γ
=

e

⁢

(

mod

⁢
q

)

}

{\Gamma(q):=\{\gamma\in\Gamma:\gamma=e~{}(\mathrm{mod}~{}q)\}}

be its congruence subsemigroup
of level q. Let δ denote the Hausdorff dimension of the limit set of Γ.
We prove the following uniform congruence counting theorem
with respect to the family of Euclidean norm balls

B
R

{B_{R}}

in

M
2

⁢

(
𝐑
)

{M_{2}(\mathbf{R})}

of radius R:
for all positive integer q with no small prime factors,

#
⁢

(

Γ
⁢

(
q
)

∩

B
R

)

=

c
Γ

⁢

R

2
⁢
δ

#
⁢

(

SL
2

⁢

(

𝐙
/
q

⁢
𝐙

)

)

+

O
⁢

(

q
C

⁢

R

2
⁢
δ

-
ϵ

)

\#(\Gamma(q)\cap B_{R})=c_{\Gamma}\frac{R^{2\delta}}{\#(\mathrm{SL}_{2}(%
\mathbf{Z}/q\mathbf{Z}))}+O(q^{C}R^{2\delta-\epsilon})

as

R
→
∞

{R\to\infty}

for some

c
Γ

>
0

,

C
>
0

,

ϵ
>
0

{c_{\Gamma}>0,C>0,\epsilon>0}

which are independent of q.
Our technique also applies to give a similar counting result for the continued fractions semigroup of

SL
2

⁢

(
𝐙
)

{\mathrm{SL}_{2}(\mathbf{Z})}

,
which arises in the study of Zaremba’s conjecture on continued fractions.
The use of image analysis in evaluation of the
fibers orientation in Wood-polymer composites
(WPC)
Authors: Bednarz Arkadiusz , Frącz Wiesław , Janowski Grzegorz
Published: January 2017

In this paper a novel way of a digital analysis of
fibers orientation with a five-step algorithmwas presented.
In the study, a molded piece with a dumbbell shape prepared
from wood-polymer composite was used. The injection
molding process was examined in experimental and
numerical way. Based on the developed mathematical algorithm,
a significant compliance of fiber orientation in
different areas of the molded piece was obtained.
The main aim of thisworkwas fiber orientation analysis of
wood-polymer composites. An additional goal of thiswork
was the comparison of the results reached in numerical
analysis with results obtained from an experiment. The results
of this research were important for the scientific and
also from the practical point of view. In future works the
prepared algorithm could be used to reach optimal parameters
of the injection molding process.
Tannin-boron complex as a preservative for 3-ply beech plywoods designed for humid conditions
Authors: Efhamisisi Davood , Thevenon Marie-France , Hamzeh Yahya , Pizzi Antonio , Karimi Ali , Pourtahmasi Kambiz
Published: January 2017

Boric acid (BA) effectively controls wood-rotting fungi and termite attack but is readily leached out in outdoor exposure. A newly developed tannin-boron (TB) complex has been investigated to reduce BA leaching and to preserve beech plywood from biological attack. Wood veneers were impregnated with different TB solutions and then bonded with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive for bond class 2 applications. The formation of a solid hydrophobic TB network on the veneer surfaces partially decreased the tensile shear strength of plywood but the prepared panels met the requirements for bond class 2. The plywood samples made from veneers treated with only BA solutions showed fair resistance against white rot fungus and termite attack, but the durability decreased even after mild leaching tests. The panels made of treated veneers with TB formulations showed instead a high resistance against biological attack after mild leaching and to some extent after severe leaching tests. This depended on the concentration of tannin and BA in the solutions. Favorable results were obtained with 20% tannin in the formulation. The results of the termites feeding choice test were more positive than those obtained by a forced feeding test. The control samples were attacked faster and showed higher weight loss when alternative samples included TB formulations.
A Mumford–Shah-type approach to simultaneous reconstruction and segmentation for emission tomography problems with Poisson statistics
Authors: Klann Esther , Ramlau Ronny , Sun Peng
Published: January 2017

We propose a variational model to simultaneous reconstruction and segmentation in emission tomography. As in the original Mumford–Shah model [27] we use the contour length as penalty term to preserve edge information whereas a different data fidelity term is used to measure the information discrimination between the computed tomography data of the reconstructed object and the observed (or simulated) data. As data fidelity term we use the Kullback–Leibler divergence which originates from the Poisson distribution present in emission tomography. In this paper we focus on piecewise constant reconstructions which is a reasonable assumption in medical imaging. The segmenting contour as well as the corresponding reconstructions are found as minimizers of a Mumford–Shah-type functional over the space of piecewise constant functions. The numerical scheme is implemented by evolving the level-set surface according to the shape derivative of the functional. The method is validated for simulated data with different levels of noise.
Suggestions on how to make suboptimal kidney transplantation an ethically viable option
Authors: Graziano Vincenzo , Buccelli Claudio , Capasso Emanuele , De Micco Francesco , Casella Claudia , Di Lorenzo Pierpaolo , Paternoster Mariano
Published: January 2017

To overcome kidney donation, the pool of potentially eligible donors has been widened by using suboptimal organs harvested from living donors or cadavers. These organs may engender health complications as age, risk factors, and pathologies of donors fail to meet the standard donor criteria.

After examining a wide array of literature on suboptimal kidney transplants, we evidenced two major issues: the lack of standardized terminology and the lack of longterm data on the health outcomes of both suboptimal living donors and recipients. Consequently, surgeons are still unable to provide patients with thorough information to obtain a well-informed consent. Suboptimal kidney transplantation still remains in its experimental stage, thereby raising many ethical and medico-legal concerns.

We suggest that one possible solution to overcome some of the ethical shortcomings of suboptimal kidney donations is to provide living donors and recipients honest, accurate, and thorough information about its health risks. To this aim, we advocate adopting a widely standardized terminology that would embrace the whole concept of suboptimal kidney transplantation, increasing the number of future publications on the health outcomes of living donors and recipients, spurring ethical reflection to improve the experience of suboptimal kidney transplantation and reduce the waiting-list for kidney transplantation.
Cusum analysis for learning curve of videothoracoscopic lobectomy
Authors: Gezer Suat , Avcı Alper , Türktan Mediha
Published: January 2017

Background

Video assisted thoracoscopic (VATS) lobectomy has a demanding learning curve due to its technical complexity and risk of uncontrollable bleeding. We investigated the case number required for gaining technical proficiency by applying cumulative sum analysis on initial VATS lobectomy operations of a single surgeon.

Methods

CALGB definition was used for the definition of VATS lobectomy. The data of the initial cases evaluated and cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis was applied to duration of the operations and length of hospital stay.

Results

Fifty-eight patients underwent VATS lobectomy. Of those 51 were malignant and 7 were benign. Fifty-five of the procedures were lobectomy, 2 were inferior bi-lobectomy and 1 was left upper lobectomy with chest wall resection. CUSUM analysis reached to proficiency at 27 cases for duration of the operations.

Conclusions

The length of learning curve depends on previous experience of the surgeon on open lobectomy and simpler VATS operations, potential number of VATS lobectomy cases and VATS capability of the surgeon. Depending on these factors, it is possible to obtain technical proficiency with an inferior number of procedures compared with existing literature (50-200).
Unification of all hyperbolic tangent function methods
Authors: Gözükızıl Ömer Faruk , Akçağıl Şamil , Aydemir Tuğba
Published: January 2017

Over the last twenty years, several “different” hyperbolic tangent function methods have been proposed to search solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs). The most common of these methods were the tanh-function method, the extended tanh-function method, the modified extended tanh-function method, and the complex tanh-function method. Besides the excellent sides of these methods, weaknesses and deficiencies of each method were encountered. The authors realized that they did not actually give “very different and comprehensive results”, and some of them are even unnecessary. Therefore, these methods were analysed and significant findings obtained. Firstly, they compared all of these methods with each other and gave the connections between them; and secondly, they proposed a more general method to obtain many more solutions for NPDEs, some of which having never been obtained before, and thus to overcome weaknesses and deficiencies of existing hyperbolic tangent function methods in the literature. This new method, named as the unified method, provides many more solutions in a straightforward, concise and elegant manner without reproducing a lot of different forms of the same solution. Lastly, they demonstrate the effectiveness of the unifed tanh method by seeking more exact solutions of the Rabinovich wave equation which were not obtained before.
The Effects of Pitch Shifts on Delay-Induced Changes in Vocal Sequencing in a Songbird
Authors: Wyatt MacKenzie , Berthiaume Emily A. , Kelly Conor W. , Sober Samuel J.
Published: January 2017

Like human speech, vocal behavior in songbirds depends critically on auditory feedback. In both humans and songbirds, vocal skills are acquired by a process of imitation whereby current vocal production is compared to an acoustic target. Similarly, performance in adulthood relies strongly on auditory feedback, and online manipulations of auditory signals can dramatically alter acoustic production even after vocalizations have been well learned. Artificially delaying auditory feedback can disrupt both speech and birdsong, and internal delays in auditory feedback have been hypothesized as a cause of vocal dysfluency in persons who stutter. Furthermore, in both song and speech, online shifts of the pitch (fundamental frequency) of auditory feedback lead to compensatory changes in vocal pitch for small perturbations, but larger pitch shifts produce smaller changes in vocal output. Intriguingly, large pitch shifts can partially restore normal speech in some dysfluent speakers, suggesting that the effects of auditory feedback delays might be ameliorated by online pitch manipulations. Although birdsong provides a promising model system for understanding speech production, the interactions between sensory feedback delays and pitch shifts have not yet been assessed in songbirds. To investigate this, we asked whether the addition of a pitch shift modulates delay-induced changes in Bengalese finch song, hypothesizing that pitch shifts would reduce the effects of feedback delays. Compared with the effects of delays alone, combined delays and pitch shifts resulted in a significant reduction in behavioral changes in one type of sequencing (branch points) but not another (distribution of repeated syllables).
Asymmetries of Dark and Bright Negative Afterimages Are Paralleled by Subcortical ON and OFF Poststimulus Responses
Authors: Li Hui , Liu Xu , Andolina Ian M. , Li Xiaohong , Lu Yiliang , Spillmann Lothar , Wang Wei
Published: January 2017

Humans are more sensitive to luminance decrements than increments, as evidenced by lower thresholds and shorter latencies for dark stimuli. This asymmetry is consistent with results of neurophysiological recordings in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) and primary visual cortex (V1) of cat and monkey. Specifically, V1 population responses demonstrate that darks elicit higher levels of activation than brights, and the latency of OFF responses in dLGN and V1 is shorter than that of ON responses. The removal of a dark or bright disc often generates the perception of a negative afterimage, and here we ask whether there also exist asymmetries for negative afterimages elicited by dark and bright discs. If so, do the poststimulus responses of subcortical ON and OFF cells parallel such afterimage asymmetries? To test these hypotheses, we performed psychophysical experiments in humans and single-cell/S-potential recordings in cat dLGN. Psychophysically, we found that bright afterimages elicited by luminance decrements are stronger and last longer than dark afterimages elicited by luminance increments of equal sizes. Neurophysiologically, we found that ON cells responded to the removal of a dark disc with higher firing rates that were maintained for longer than OFF cells to the removal of a bright disc. The ON and OFF cell asymmetry was most pronounced at long stimulus durations in the dLGN. We conclude that subcortical response strength differences between ON and OFF channels parallel the asymmetries between bright and dark negative afterimages, further supporting a subcortical origin of bright and dark afterimage perception.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAfterimages are physiological aftereffects following stimulation of the eye, the study of which helps us to understand how our visual brain generates visual perception in the absence of physical stimuli. We report, for the first time to our knowledge, asymmetries between bright and dark negative afterimages elicited by luminance decrements and increments, respectively. Bright afterimages are stronger and last longer than dark afterimages. Subcortical neuronal recordings of poststimulus responses of ON and OFF cells reveal similar asymmetries with respect to response strength and duration. Our results suggest that subcortical differences between ON and OFF channels help explain intensity and duration asymmetries between bright and dark afterimages, supporting the notion of a subcortical origin of bright and dark afterimages.
Climbing Fibers Control Purkinje Cell Representations of Behavior
Authors: Streng Martha L. , Popa Laurentiu S. , Ebner Timothy J.
Published: January 2017

A crucial issue in understanding cerebellar function is the interaction between simple spike (SS) and complex spike (CS) discharge, the two fundamentally different activity modalities of Purkinje cells. Although several hypotheses have provided insights into the interaction, none fully explains or is completely consistent with the spectrum of experimental observations. Here, we show that during a pseudo-random manual tracking task in the monkey (Macaca mulatta), climbing fiber discharge dynamically controls the information present in the SS firing, triggering robust and rapid changes in the SS encoding of motor signals in 67% of Purkinje cells. The changes in encoding, tightly coupled to CS occurrences, consist of either increases or decreases in the SS sensitivity to kinematics or position errors and are not due to differences in SS firing rates or variability. Nor are the changes in sensitivity due to CS rhythmicity. In addition, the CS-coupled changes in encoding are not evoked by changes in kinematics or position errors. Instead, CS discharge most often leads alterations in behavior. Increases in SS encoding of a kinematic parameter are associated with larger changes in that parameter than are decreases in SS encoding. Increases in SS encoding of position error are followed by and scale with decreases in error. The results suggest a novel function of CSs, in which climbing fiber input dynamically controls the state of Purkinje cell SS encoding in advance of changes in behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPurkinje cells, the sole output of the cerebellar cortex, manifest two fundamentally different activity modalities, complex spike (CS) discharge and simple spike (SS) firing. Elucidating cerebellar function will require an understanding of the interactions, both short- and long-term, between CS and SS firing. This study shows that CSs dynamically control the information encoded in a Purkinje cell's SS activity by rapidly increasing or decreasing the SS sensitivity to kinematics and/or performance errors independent of firing rate. In many cases, the CS-coupled shift in SS encoding leads a change in behavior. These novel findings on the interaction between CS and SS firing provide for a new hypothesis in which climbing fiber input adjusts the encoding of SS information in advance of a change in behavior.
A ‘silent’ skull metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma mimicking as a benign scalp tumor in a pregnant woman
Authors: Huang Tsung-Chun , Cheng Yu-Kai , Chen Tsung-Wei , Hsu Yung-Chang , Liu En-Wei , Chen Hsin-Han
Published: January 2017

Thyroid cancer with cranial metastasis in a pregnant woman is very rare. In the literature, most cases are diagnosed early from neurogenic signs or symptomatic thyroid gland. Pregnancy also contributes to a hesitation toward early surgical and medical treatments. We reported a scalp tumor in a physically healthy 37-year-old pregnant female with a follicular thyroid carcinoma (FTC) with lung, bone and cranial metastasis in initial presentation. Silent neurogenic and physical examinations make an early diagnosis very challenging. Resection of scalp and intracranial tumor, a thyroidectomy, post-operative radioactive iodine therapy and tyrosine kinase inhibitors were employed as treatment. The scalp tumor was confirmed as a metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma via positive immunoreactivity for thyroglobulin and thyroid transcription factor 1 in tumor cells. Blood examination revealed an elevated thyroglobulin level (>5335 ng/mL). The patient was discharged without any neurological deficit. An asymptomatic scalp tumor in a pregnant woman with a normal thyroid disease history needs differential diagnosis from intracranial origin. Rapid progression and an elevated thyroglobulin level are the indicators that further image study is needed. Aggressive surgical excision of resectable thyroid gland and metastatic tumor are essential for a longer survival rate. There is nothing to indicate that a post-partum operation will worsen prognosis.

Learning points:

Follicular thyroid cancer with cranial metastasis in initial presentation can be asymptomatic.

Follicular thyroid cancer with cranial metastasis in a pregnant woman can be treated after delivery.

Rapid enlargement of scalp tumor is indicated for further image study even in a patient without any neurological deficit.
La estrategia didáctica: Una combinación de técnicas didácticas para desarrollar un plan de gestión de riesgos en la clase
Authors: Zúñiga-Escobar Marianela
Published: January 2017

En el presente documento se describe la experiencia de implementación de una estrategia didáctica dirigida a un grupo de 28 estudiantes de quinto año de la carrera de Nutrición Humana de la Universidad de Costa Rica, como parte del curso Gerencia y mercadeo de proyectos en alimentación y nutrición. El objetivo general de la estrategia didáctica es desarrollar habilidades en el estudiantado, para implementar en la práctica un plan de gestión de riesgos como parte de la metodología de marco lógico. El proceso metodológico consistió en la aplicación de tres técnicas didácticas que corresponden a la clase magistral, el desarrollo del pensamiento lateral y el análisis de caso. Cada una de estas distribuidas en dos etapas de trabajo. El estudiantado logró desarrollar la matriz de gestión de riesgos de sus proyectos, así como el plan de gestión de riesgos a través de un proceso participativo que estimula la retroalimentación grupal, el análisis de la información y la construcción del conocimiento. Según los resultados de la evaluación, el proceso se considera favorable en cuanto al logro de los objetivos propuestos y los productos obtenidos, así como los resultados de la evaluación realizada por el estudiantado y la docente al final del proceso, donde se logró desarrollar un aprendizaje teórico-práctico optimizando el tiempo presencial de clases. Se recomienda la aplicación de esta estrategia didáctica en el curso, como una base metodológica que permitirá facilitar el desarrollar el tema en cuestión y obtener los resultados esperados por la parte estudiantil.
Los desafíos éticos del discurso político-educativo costarricense en el periodo 2006-2010, basados en el pensamiento dialógico de Martin Buber y el planteamiento de alteridad de Emmanuel Lévinas
Authors: Beltrán Ulate Esteban Josué
Published: January 2017

El presente reporte de investigación muestra, de manera sintética, los resultados de una pesquisa presentada en el 2012 para optar por el grado de Licenciatura en Docencia en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia. La exploración de los desafíos éticos en el contexto educativo costarricense desde el planteamiento de Martin Buber y Emmanuel Lévinas es lo que pretende formular la presente investigación, procurando aportar al diálogo nacional el insumo de un elemento filosófico innovador, tenor de un impulso en futuros planteamientos educativos costarricenses que propicien un desarrollo humano cada vez más integral, donde la persona sea considerada en relación armónica con lo existente. Además, se presentan una serie de desafíos éticos que se desprenden de un análisis, en el cual confluyen diversas fuentes de información. La novedad radica en la confluencia de voces y la lectura ética de estos postulados desde el pensamiento de Martin Buber y Emmanuel Lévinas. La meta de la investigación postula un aporte al modelo educativo costarricense, así como a grupos gremiales de la educación y población en general, desde el enfoque de la filosofía del encuentro, desde el planteamiento del diálogo buberiano y el planteamiento de alteridad levinasiano, se puedan encontrar insumos necesarios para un replanteamiento -tanto desde el aspecto teórico como práctico- en el quehacer educativo nacional.
La internacionalización de la educación superior: Concepto y evolución del modelo en la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Aguilar-Castillo Yorleni , Riveros-Angarita Alba Stella
Published: January 2017

Este artículo examina la evolución del concepto de internacionalización y diversos modelos de internacionalización de la educación superior desarrollados en el mundo. De forma específica, propone una definición del proceso de internacionalización de la UCR y describe el modelo que ha seguido desde su creación a la actualidad. Evidencia cómo este proceso ha contribuido al cumplimiento de la misión de la UCR, favoreciendo la mejora de sus programas académicos, formación del personal docente, administrativo y estudiantes, mediante estrategias de cooperación académica y de intercambio.
Temáticas y tendencias de la investigación sobre la formación académica de la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica
Authors: Angulo Brenes Sonia
Published: January 2017

El objetivo de este artículo es explicar las diferentes temáticas que se han investigado sobre la formación académica de la Escuela de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de Costa Rica, con la finalidad de comprender el estado de la cuestión sobre esta y sus diferentes intereses a lo largo del período de 1968 al 2014. A partir de este análisis se identificaron seis tendencias de investigación que contemplan diferentes preocupaciones tales como la práctica académica, el estudiantado, la estructura académica, así como sobre el surgimiento de la profesión. Los resultados del análisis permiten comprender que a lo largo del período en estudio las tendencias investigativas de la formación académica se han expresado en una multiplicidad de temas e intereses, sin embargo, no destaca una preocupación significativa sobre esta en la Escuela de Trabajo Social. Además, estas preocupaciones se han referido, en la mayoría de las investigaciones, a elementos aparenciales de la formación y, por lo tanto, no han logrado ahondar en su relación con la sociedad costarricense y con las configuraciones del capitalismo local y regional ni con los fundamentos de la profesión.
Micropolítica escolar y el liderazgo directivo en la escuela
Authors: Rodríguez Revelo Elsy
Published: January 2017

El presente trabajo analiza la micropolítica de la escuela para conocer la organización de cada centro en particular, así como los conflictos que se generan entre sus miembros. En este escenario, el liderazgo directivo cobra mayor importancia, pues permite fomentar el diálogo y la búsqueda de consensos. Esta dinámica política guarda estrecha relación con la estructura macro de orden jerárquico, racional y lineal. Por lo tanto, estudiarla supone llegar al núcleo de la vida institucional, develar los motivos ocultos que originan sus conflictos, descubrir su base constitutiva, sus juegos de intereses y la manera en que el poder se nutre bajo el paraguas de las normativas y es matizado por sus protagonistas. No obstante, las luchas de poder por intereses comunes o particulares dan lugar a la formación de grupos o coaliciones en defensa de sus objetivos. Considerando lo expuesto, el objetivo de este texto es presentar un breve ensayo como resultado de una revisión bibliográfica relacionada con el tema en cuestión (liderazgo y micropolítica). Esta misma se confronta con opiniones, presentadas a modo de ejemplos empíricos, de miembros de la comunidad educativa de tres centros públicos de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España), obtenidas a través de entrevistas etnográficas. Este grupo heterogéneo consta de: tres directores,  tres profesores, tres padres de familia,  un jefe de estudios y tres estudiantes. La confrontación de criterios entre las fuentes consultadas y los juicios de los sujetos informantes revelan que el liderazgo del director, en caso de existir, juega un papel importante para impulsar el diálogo en los centros educativos, ya que el líder actúa como dinamizador de la participación y como mediador en la búsqueda de consensos entre distintas posturas en beneficio colectivo, sin que esto suponga, para el director escolar, perder auctoritas y potestas.
PREFERENSI PENEMPELAN, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN SINTASAN LARVA TERIPANG PASIR, Holothuria scabra PADA SUBSTRAT LAMUN YANG BERBEDA
Authors: Indriana Lisa Fajar , Afrianti Yuli , Hilyana Sitti , Firdaus Muhammad Firdaus
Published: January 2017

Teripang pasir, Holothuria scabra merupakan komoditas hasil laut yang bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Penangkapan berlebihan stok di alam mendorong berkembangnya kegiatan budidaya. Penempelan merupakan fase kritis pada larva teripang karena terjadi peralihan sifat planktonis ke bentik yang memerlukan substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui preferensi penempelan, pertumbuhan, dan sintasan larva H. scabra fase penempelan pada substrat lamun yang berbeda. Penelitian menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan empat jenis daun lamun berbeda dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas Enhalus acoroides (L-1), Syringodium isoetifolium (L-2), Cymodocea serrulata (L-3), dan Cymodocea rotundata (L-4). Jumlah awal larva sebanyak 1.000 individu dan substrat dirangkai dengan luasan yang sama sebesar 12 cm x 17 cm untuk setiap unit penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jenis lamun yang digunakan sebagai substrat berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap preferensi penempelan dan sintasan larva teripang pasir, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan. E. acoroides menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan preferensi penempelan 0,26 ind. cm-2 dan sintasan 10,66%; sehingga layak digunakan sebagai substrat penempelan dalam pembenihan teripang pasir, H. scabra.Holothuria scabra larvae on different seagrass substrates. By: Lisa Fajar Indriana, Yuli Afrianti, Sitti Hilyana, and Muhammad FirdausSandfish Holothuria scabra is marine commodities with a high economic value. Overfishing of natural stocks has compelled an interest to begin aquaculture practice. Settlement is a critical phase for the planktonic larvae as they will transform to benthic form in the presence of substrate. This study aims to evaluate the settlement preferences, growth, and survival rate of H. scabra larvae settled on different seagrass leaves. The research was conducted using the Completely randomized design with four different species of seagrass leaves and five replications. The treatments consist of Enhalus acoroides (L-1), Syringodium isoetifolium (L-2), Cymodocea serrulata (L-3), and Cymodocea rotundata (L-4). Initial number of larvae was 1,000 individuals and the substrate was set with same widthof 12 cm x 17 cm for each unit. Results of the experiment indicated that settlement preference and survival rate of H. scabra larvae was significantly affected by seagrass used as substrate while no significantly differences was observed for growth of larvae. E. acoroides showed the best result with 0.26 ind. cm-2 settelement preference and 10.66% survival rate, so that suitable to be used as settlement substrate in H. scabra hatchery.