bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Species-specific PCR assay for the detection of Babesia odocoilei
Authors: Burgess Hilary J. , Lockerbie Betty P. , Ayalew Lisanework E. , Dibernardo Antonia , Hrazdilová Kristýna , Modry David , Bollinger Trent K.
Published: September 2021

We developed a PCR assay for the detection of Babesia odocoilei based on the 18S rRNA gene. Multiple specimens of B. odocoilei were examined, and the assay consistently produced a small specific PCR product of 306 bp. The PCR assay was also challenged with DNA from 13 other Babesia species and 2 Theileria species, originating from 10 different host species; however, nonspecific DNA amplification and multiple banding patterns were observed, and the amplicon banding patterns varied between different isolates of the same species. Sensitivity was determined to be 6.4 pg of DNA, and an estimated 0.0001% parasitism. This assay can be utilized for species-specific differential detection of B. odocoilei.
Pandemic Restrictions and Spatiotemporal Crime Patterns in New York, São Paulo, and Stockholm
Authors: Ceccato Vania , Kahn Tulio , Herrmann Christopher , Östlund Anders
Published: September 2021

Studies are showing evidence of the effect of changes in routine activities due to the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic on crime levels in many cities worldwide. This study evaluates the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on temporal and spatial patterns of crime in three major cities under very different national contexts. Each of the three countries and cities experienced different levels of pandemic restrictions and societal closure. The cities of New York (the United States), São Paulo (Brazil), and Stockholm (Sweden) were selected as cases. Temporal quantitative methods, spatial statistics techniques, and Geographical Information System (GIS) underlie the methodology used in this study. Findings show that there is a statistically significant break in the trend in crime levels after the stay-at-home orders were implemented in New York City, São Paulo, and Stockholm in the first months of 2020; the only exception was for murder. Such an impact varies by crime type and city context, but increases again after a few months, indicating how fast crime and criminals adapt. Residential burglary decreased, whereas nonresidential burglary increased overall. Changes in the levels and geography of vehicle thefts were observed, with an overall increase of significant cold spots but, in several cases, also solidification of existing crime concentrations in known crime attractors and in some deprived areas.
Feeling Connected to the Cause: The Role of Perceived Social Distance on Cause Involvement and Consumer Response to CSR Communication
Authors: Heo Yujin , Choi Chang-Won , Overton Holly , K. Kim Joon , Zhang Nanlan
Published: September 2021

Despite the importance of companies’ corporate social responsibility (CSR) efforts to support the issue of empowering women, little is known about which communication strategies are effective for a successful CSR initiative. This research investigated how CSR messages influences consumer evaluations of a CSR activity supporting women’s empowerment via consumers’ cause involvement by conducting two experimental studies. In Study 1, a 2 (CSR message type: in-group vs. out-group) × 2 (gender: female vs. male) online factorial experiment ( n = 140) was employed. The results indicate that consumers evaluated the CSR activity more positively when they were exposed to an in-group message than an out-group message. To increase the validity and explain the process by which CSR message types influence consumer evaluations of a CSR activity, Study 2 was conducted. Psychological distance manipulated by CSR campaign messages increased an individual’s level of cause involvement, which in turn influenced the individuals’ response to the CSR activities. Implications are discussed.
Mobilizing Interference as Methodology and Metaphor in Disability Arts Inquiry
Authors: Rice Carla , Bailey K. Alysse , Cook Katie
Published: September 2021

This article interrogates the limits and possibilities of interference as methodology and metaphor in video-based research aiming to disrupt ableist understandings of disability that create barriers to health care. We explore the overlapping terrain of diffractive and interference methodologies, teasing apart the metaphorical-material uses and implications of interference for video-makers in our project. Using the digital/multimedia stories created and an interview as research artifacts, we illuminate how interference manifested in disabled makers’ lives, how interference operated through the research apparatus, and how the videos continue to hold agency through their durability in the virtual realm. Drawing on feminist post-philosophies of matter (Barad) and use (Ahmed), we argue that the videos disrupt the gaze that fetishizes disabled bodies, thereby interfering with cultural-clinical processes that abnormalize disability. The research apparatus interfered with makers’ subjectivities yet also brought people together to generate something new—a community that creates culture and contests its positioning as marginal.
Criminalized Black Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence in Canada
Authors: Duhaney Patrina
Published: September 2021

Canadian research examining the overlap between Black women's victimization and criminalization is sparse. This qualitative study addresses this gap by examining the ways in which criminalized Black women's intersecting identities of race, class, and gender influence how they perceive, experience, and respond to intimate partner violence (IPV). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 Black women who experienced IPV. The findings focus on the women (15) who were also charged with an IPV-related offense. Critical race feminism was employed to analyze their narratives. This research has implications for policy, practice, and future research with Black women who are victimized and criminalized.
The Tone Debate: Knowledge, Self, and Social Order
Authors: Derksen Maarten , Field Sarahanne
Published: September 2021

In the replication crisis in psychology, a “tone debate” has developed. It concerns the question of how to conduct scientific debate effectively and ethically. How should scientists give critique without unnecessarily damaging relations? The increasing use of Facebook and Twitter by researchers has made this issue especially pressing, as these social technologies have greatly expanded the possibilities for conversation between academics, but there is little formal control over the debate. In this article, we show that psychologists have tried to solve this issue with various codes of conduct, with an appeal to virtues such as humility, and with practices of self-transformation. We also show that the polemical style of debate, popular in many scientific communities, is itself being questioned by psychologists. Following Shapin and Schaffer’s analysis of the ethics of Robert Boyle’s experimental philosophy in the 17th century, we trace the connections between knowledge, social order, and subjectivity as they are debated and revised by present-day psychologists.
Speaking truth to power: The academic as jester stimulating management learning
Authors: Clegg Stewart , Cunha Miguel Pina e , Rego Arménio , Berti Marco
Published: September 2021

The jester embodies an ancient social institution, which serves a paradoxical purpose: to mitigate the excesses of power, while serving and supporting the ruler through a license to jest. The metaphor of the jester, used constructively, offers a unique window on the contradictions of organizational studies and their paradoxical role in relation to corporate practices. We explore how jesting may inform academic work through using humour and laughter to deconstruct organizational taboos and convey truth to power. We suggest that academic jesting constitute a wise and undervalued way in which management learning can occur.
Association of physical activity with arterial stiffness among Black adults
Authors: Islam Shabatun J , Beydoun Nour , Mehta Anurag , Kim Jeong Hwan , Ko Yi-An , Jin Qingchun , Baltrus Peter , Topel Matthew L , Liu Chang , Mujahid Mahasin S , Vaccarino Viola , Sims Mario , Ejaz Kiran , Searles Charles , Dunbar Sandra B , Lewis Tené T , Taylor Herman A , Pemu Priscilla , Quyyumi Arshed A
Published: September 2021

Arterial stiffness is a precursor for the development of hypertension and premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity has been associated with lower arterial stiffness among largely White populations, but the types of activity required and whether these findings apply to Black adults remain unknown. We examined whether physical activity levels were associated with arterial stiffness among Black adults in two independent cohorts. In the Morehouse-Emory Cardiovascular (MECA) Center for Health Equity, 378 Black adults (age 52.8 ± 10.3, 39.7% male) without known CVD living in Atlanta, GA were recruited. Arterial stiffness was measured as pulse wave velocity (PWV). Total and domain-specific physical activity were assessed by self-report. Multiple linear regression models were used to investigate differences across physical activity levels after adjusting for age, sex, CVD risk factors, and socioeconomic status. Findings were validated in an independent cohort of Black adults ( n = 55, age 50.4 ± 9.2, 23.6% male). After adjustment for covariates, lower arterial stiffness was associated with higher self-reported levels of sport/exercise (6.92 ± 1.13 vs 7.75 ± 1.14, p < 0.001, highest vs lowest quartile) and home/life activities (7.34 ± 1.24 vs 7.73 ± 1.07, p = 0.04, highest vs lowest quartile), but not work, active living, or the overall physical activity scores. These findings were replicated in the independent cohort where higher levels of sport/exercise remained associated with lower arterial stiffness (6.66 ± 0.57 vs 8.21 ± 0.66, p < 0.001, highest vs lowest quartile). Higher levels of sport/exercise and home/life-related physical activities (in comparison to occupational physical activity) are associated with lower arterial stiffness in Black adults.
‘Think before you drink’: Challenging narratives on foetal alcohol spectrum disorder and indigeneity in Canada
Authors: Yousefi Nora , Chaufan Claudia
Published: September 2021

Foetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) has emerged as a significant public health issue, in Canada and elsewhere. Health experts increasingly acknowledge that the disproportionate impact of FASD on indigenous people is driven by social and historical contexts, especially in settler colonial states like Canada. However, they generally frame FASD as preventable through abstinence and the effects of FASD as manageable through provision of appropriate medical and legal protection to affected offspring. Drawing from Marxist, anticolonial and anti-imperial theories and applying a Critical Discourse Analysis approach, we identify the (re) production of colonial and capitalist dominance in the expert literature. We show that dominant narratives depoliticize FASD by conceptualizing settler colonialism as a past event, ignoring ongoing, contemporary forms of settler colonial dispossession and resituating FASD within an expert language that locates solutions to FASD within affected individuals and communities. In so doing, these narratives legitimize, and contribute to perpetuating, existing disease inequities, prevent the formulation of policies that address the very real and as yet unmet needs of FASD affected individuals, families and communities and erase from the public discourse discussions about changes that could truly address FASD inequities at their root. We conclude by elaborating on the implication of these narratives for policy, practice and equity, in Canada and other settler colonial states.
Rural youth in southern Nigeria: Fractured lives and ambitious futures
Authors: Crossouard Barbara , Dunne Mairead , Szyp Carolina , Madu Tessy , Teeken Béla
Published: September 2021

This article draws on recent research (2017–20) into the livelihoods and imagined futures of rural youth in four communities in southern Nigeria. The research involved observations, sex-segregated focus group discussions and individual interviews. Taking up insights from sociologists of education and work, our analysis shows how rural youth simultaneously navigated schooling, farming, low-paid vocational work and family obligations in ways that were highly gendered. We show the gulf between youth’s daily lives and their imagined futures, and how their desires for better lives, whether through ‘white-collar’ work or expanded farming activities, often involved moving to more ‘civilised’ or ‘developed’ contexts. Commitment to family nevertheless ran through youth’s narratives, in ways that reflected a deeply gendered, sexual economy. We conclude by highlighting the relevance of a connected sociology that embraces postcolonial and feminist scholarship to advance future studies of rural youth, gender and work in the Global South.
Sociology: Fragmentation or reinvigorated synthesis?
Authors: Walby Sylvia
Published: September 2021

Does the discipline of Sociology need to be defended from fragmentation by the mobilisation of a canon derived from its classical legacy? The paper provides an exposition of the arguments of Turner, Susen and O’Neill concerning fragmentation of Sociology as a discipline. It investigates whether there is fragmentation or reinvigorated synthesis in three examples: inequality beyond class, posthumanism and postmodernism. It draws on a reading of contemporary theoretical developments in Sociology. It concludes that the classical legacy is important and that engagement with external forces has reinvigorated rather than fragmented the discipline.
Prison officer students’ perceptions of persons convicted of sexual crimes
Authors: Friestad Christine , Mjåland Kristian , Pape Hilde
Published: September 2021

This study investigated the dimensionality of the Perception of Sex Offenders scale among prison officer students in Norway, and whether the students’ perceptions of this group of prisoners changed during their theoretical education and 1-year practical training. The target sample comprised a full cohort of freshman prison officer students, and two waves of data collection were conducted. The response rate was 94% ( n = 188) at time 1 (T1) and 64% ( n = 112) at time 2 (T2). The originally reported three-dimensional structure of the Perception of Sex Offenders scale was replicated in our sample. Moreover, the results supported our hypothesis that prison officer students were likely to hold less punitive views about sentencing and punishment at the end (T2) than at the beginning (T1) of their education. However, their endorsement of risk did not change, while the tendency to adhere to stereotypical images of persons convicted of sex offenses increased.
Health Care Providers’ Views on Clinic Infrastructure and Practice Models That May Facilitate HIV Preexposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Prescribing: A Qualitative Meta-Synthesis
Authors: Mizuno Yuko , Gelaude Deborah J. , Crepaz Nicole , Kamitani Emiko , DeLuca Julia B. , Leighton Carolyn A. , Wichser Megan E. , Smith Dawn K.
Published: September 2021

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is an effective biomedical HIV prevention tool. Increasing PrEP use among populations disproportionately affected by HIV is one of the key efforts in the United States’ Ending the HIV Epidemic (EHE) initiative and the HIV National Strategic Plan for the United States. Given that PrEP is available only through prescription, it is important to explore structural, organizational, or environmental factors that could facilitate or impede health care provider’s PrEP prescribing behavior. The purpose of this systematic review (PROSPERO [CRD: 42019138889]) is to identify qualitative studies that addressed this topic and conduct meta-synthesis using the thematic synthesis method to identify major themes on the characteristics of clinic infrastructure or clinic models that providers consider as facilitators of PrEP prescribing in the United States. Eighteen citations representing 15 studies were included in this review. Five overarching themes were identified: (1) routinized HIV risk assessment; (2) interdisciplinary/coordinated PrEP teams or services; (3) clinic capacity to provide essential PrEP-related services; (4) low out-of-pocket patient costs; and (5) access to the priority populations. Some of these themes are consistent with the recommendations of CDC’s PrEP clinical guidelines and the EHE initiative. More recent studies that include perspectives of diverse providers, timely analysis of these studies, and implementation research to assess strategies to address the current practice gaps are needed to further promote PrEP prescribing among providers in the United States.
What Can We Tell About the Effect of Electroconvulsive Therapy on the Human Hippocampus?
Authors: Takamiya Akihiro , Kishimoto Taishiro , Mimura Masaru
Published: September 2021

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective antidepressant treatment, although its mechanisms of action remain unclear. Since 2010, several structural magnetic resonance imaging studies based on a neuroplastic hypothesis have consistently reported increases in the hippocampal volume following ECT. Moreover, volume increases in the human dentate gyrus, where neurogenesis occurs, have also been reported. These results are in line with the preclinical findings of ECT-induced neuroplastic changes, including neurogenesis, gliogenesis, synaptogenesis, and angiogenesis, in rodents and nonhuman primates. Despite this robust evidence of an effect of ECT on hippocampal plasticity, the clinical relevance of these human hippocampal changes continues to be questioned. This narrative review summarizes recent findings regarding ECT-induced hippocampal volume changes. Furthermore, this review also discusses methodological considerations and future directions in this field.
Outcomes Following Surgical Treatment of Hamate Arthrosis Lunotriquetral Ligament Injuries
Authors: Meaike Jesse , Meaike Joshua , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: September 2021

Background:

An institutional review board–approved study of the functional outcomes of patients after surgical treatment of hamate arthrosis lunotriquetral ligament tear (HALT) lesions was conducted.

Methods:

In all, 21 wrists in 19 patients underwent arthroscopic, open, or combined treatment of HALT lesions. Seven patients underwent isolated hamate debridement and 14 had concomitant procedures to address lunotriquetral pathology. Nineteen wrists underwent procedures to address additional pathology, including triangular fibrocartilage complex, ulnotriquetral ligament split, and scapholunate ligament injuries.

Results:

Mayo wrist scores increased from 54 to 71. Sixteen patients had no or mild pain postoperatively, compared with none preoperatively. When stratified by lunotriquetral interosseous ligament management, 75% of the limited treatment group (none or debridement) and 78% of the additional treatment group reported improved pain. Three patients underwent additional surgeries for persistent pain.

Conclusion:

Resection of the proximal pole of the hamate can improve pain and function for patients with ulnar-sided wrist pain secondary to a HALT lesion. Concomitant wrist pathologies should be considered when determining treatment plans.
Comparison of Patient Perception and Satisfaction of Face-to-Face Versus Telemedicine Encounters in Hand Surgery
Authors: Bartoletta John J. , Hinchcliff Katharine M. , Rhee Peter C.
Published: September 2021

Background:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) surge has enabled the widespread usage of telemedicine (TM) and presents a unique opportunity to determine the hand surgery patients’ perception of care using validated patient satisfaction scores.

Methods:

Electronic surveys were distributed to patients aged 18 years and older who underwent a video TM encounter with a single surgeon at an academic medical center during the initial COVID-19 surge (March 23 to October 22, 2020). The study-specific questions were derived from the Press Ganey (PG) Medical Practice TM Survey and compared with institutional PG Outpatient Medical Practice Survey data. Three cohorts were defined: pre-COVID face-to-face, post-COVID TM, and post-COVID face-to-face.

Results:

Thirty of 65 TM patients (46.2%) responded. No differences in sex, age, or visit type were identified between cohorts. The TM cohort was more likely to live greater than 300 miles from the institution. Median response for all cohorts for the PG care provider and overall experience responses were “very good,” and no differences were identified between cohorts. Patient satisfaction with their TM experience was high with median satisfaction scores for arranging and connecting to a TM visit, talking with the provider over a video connection, and having the provider understand the clinical problem were “very good.” Patients in the TM cohort reported no difference in preference for face-to-face or TM visits.

Conclusions:

Patients are satisfied with TM as a substitute for face-to-face visits suggesting that TM can possibly be used to deliver comparable patient experience for hand surgery encounters.
Comparison of transradial and transfemoral access for the Woven EndoBridge embolization of intracranial aneurysms: A single-center experience
Authors: Adeeb Nimer , Dibas Mahmoud , Amireh Abdallah , Kandregula Sandeep , Cuellar Hugo
Published: September 2021

Background

Transradial access has been adopted more commonly in the neuroendovascular field. However, the experience of using this access for the Woven EndoBridge embolization of intracranial aneurysms is still in the early stage.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the outcomes between transradial access and transfemoral access for the Woven EndoBridge embolization of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of consecutive intracranial aneurysms treated with Woven EndoBridge placement between May 2019 and August 2020 by the senior author at a high-volume center. The aneurysms of all sizes and locations treated with Woven EndoBridge placement with or without adjunctive stent or coiling were included. Patient demographics, aneurysm and treatment characteristics, procedural complications, and angiographic and functional outcomes were compared between two approaches.

Results

This study included a total of 34 patients with intracranial aneurysms (median age 60 years, female-to-male ratio 2:1). Of these, the radial access was utilized in 20 (58.8%) patients, while the femoral access was used in 14 (41.2%) patients. A Woven EndoBridge device was successfully deployed in all cases, and none of the patients required a crossover to another access. There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, procedure time and fluoroscopy time, outcomes, and complication rates between both groups.

Conclusion

Our report suggests the possible feasibility and safety of the transradial access for the Woven EndoBridge embolization of intracranial aneurysms. However, the results of this study are suggestive rather than conclusive, and there is still a need for future large prospective studies.
A performance comparison of the full pose- and partial pose-based robot calibration for various types of robot manipulators
Authors: Nguyen Hoai-Nhan , Le Phu-Nguyen , Kang Hee-Jun
Published: September 2021

Robot kinematic calibration used to be carried out with the partial pose measurements (position only) of dimension 3 in industry, while full pose measurements (orientation and position) of dimension 6 sometimes could be considered to improve the calibration performance. This paper investigates the effects of measurement dimensions on robot calibration accuracy. It compares the resulting robot accuracies in both partial pose and full pose cases after calibrating three structural types of robot manipulators such as a serial manipulator (Hyundai HA-06 robot), a single closed-chain manipulator (Hyundai HX-165 robot), and a multiple closed-chain manipulator (Hyundai HP-160 robot). These comparative studies show when the full-pose based calibration need to be considered and how much it contributes the improvement of robot accuracy to the different structural type of robot manipulators.
Oral mucosal manifestations of systemic disease
Authors: Iles Rebecca , Simms Melanie , Ledsam Alistair
Published: September 2021

Disorders spanning a wide range of body systems may, directly or indirectly, impact upon the orofacial tissues. Specifically, the oral mucosa may be the first, or most severely affected site of systemic disease, posing significant implications for oral health-related quality of life. It is not uncommon for patients to present to their GP with orofacial symptoms, therefore a firm understanding of how systemic disease can manifest in this way is important. This article will discuss oral mucosal presentations of systemic disease, aiming to improve understanding and recognition of these conditions, allowing appropriate referral for investigation, diagnosis and management.
Artificial Intelligence, Marketing, and the History of Technology: Kranzberg’s Laws as a Conceptual Lens
Authors: Pitt Christine , Paschen Jeannette , Kietzmann Jan , Pitt Leyland F. , Pala Erol
Published: September 2021

Killer applications, or killer apps, are technology applications that profoundly change the way any society thinks, works, and functions. This paper explores Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a killer app, with specific application to marketing. Specifically, this paper employs the lens of technology history to explore the relationship between marketing and AI. Using Kranzberg’s six laws of technology, this paper sheds light on all manner of innovations, how technologies have shaped and impacted society, and how marketers can respond to this. This inquiry offers two main contributions: First, it suggests a number of implications for marketing practice and scholars, derived from each of Kranzberg’s laws. These suggestions are intended to guide marketing practice when implementing or using AI. In addition, this article offers a number of research directions that might be fruitful and important areas for investigation in future scholarly work regarding technology’s impact among marketing scholars.
A rare case of cerebral proliferative angiopathy with acute cerebral infarction and facial capillary malformation
Authors: Srivastava Trilochan , Gandhi Ashok
Published: September 2021

We are describing a case of a 14-year-old girl who developed acute cerebral infarction which was documented on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). On detailed evaluation, diagnosis of cerebral proliferative angiopathy (CPA) was made. Incidentally, she had capillary malformation on the forehead contralateral to cerebral vascular malformation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of CPA in the literature where DWI abnormality was due to acute cerebral infarction.
Virtual monoenergetic dual-energy CT reconstructions at 80 keV are optimal non-contrast CT technique for early stroke detection
Authors: Dodig Doris , Matana Kaštelan Zrinka , Bartolović Nina , Jurković Slaven , Miletić Damir , Rumboldt Zoran
Published: September 2021

Background

Virtual monoenergetic (VM) dual-energy computed tomography (DE-CT) enables grey-to-white matter contrast-to-noise ratio optimization, potentially increasing ischaemic brain oedema visibility. The aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of VM and standard DE-CT reconstructions for early stroke detection.

Methods

Consecutive patients with non-contrast DE-CT of the brain scanned within 12 h of stroke symptom onset were prospectively included in the study. Patients with other significant brain pathology were excluded. Two radiologists jointly evaluated standard and VM reconstructions (from 40 to 190 keV at increments of 10 keV) for early stroke signs on a four-point Likert scale: (a) stroke definitely present, (b) stroke probably present, (c) probably no stroke, and (d) definitely no stroke. Follow-up imaging and clinical data served as the standard of reference. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Results

Stroke incidence among 184 patients was 76%. In 64 patients follow-up imaging served as the standard of reference: ischemic brain oedema detection was significantly more accurate on VM reconstructions at 80 keV compared with standard DE-CT reconstructions (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.821 vs. AUC = 0.672, p = 0.002). The difference was most prominent within the first 3 h after symptom onset (at 11%, AUC = 0.819 vs. AUC = 0.709, p = 0.17) and in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale above 16 (at 37.5%, AUC = 1 vs. AUC = 0.625, p = 0.14).

Conclusion

VM DE-CT reconstructions at 80 keV appear to be the optimal non-contrast CT technique for diagnosing early ischaemic stroke, particularly within the first 3 h after symptom onset and in severely ill patients.
A systematic literature review on the prevalence and etiology of meningitis among critically ill and hospitalized patients in India
Authors: Ghia Canna J. , Rambhad Gautam S.
Published: September 2021

Background:

In India, owing to multiple factors, such as insufficient laboratory capacity, poor reporting systems due to limited access to healthcare facilities and limited disease surveillance programmes, the actual disease burden of meningitis is unknown and may be largely under-reported.

Objective:

A systematic literature review was performed to describe: (a) the prevalence of meningitis; and (b) its etiological pathogen across different regions, age groups and patients with comorbidities.

Method:

A systematic literature search was conducted between 1990 and 2020 using PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify Indian studies reporting the prevalence rates and etiology of meningitis. A total of 51 studies were included in the final analysis.

Results:

A total of 38 studies reported prevalence of meningitis and 21 studies reported data on the etiology of meningitis in India. These studies included mixed patient populations: (a) pyogenic meningitis; (b) meningitis in sick or hospitalized patients with tuberculosis, acute febrile encephalopathy syndrome, septicaemia, invasive pneumococcal disease or respiratory compromise; and (c) meningitis patients with comorbidities. The prevalence of confirmed bacterial meningitis in the pediatric population (0–14 years) ranged between 0.5% and 61.8%. A total of seven studies reported the prevalence of meningitis in patients of all age groups (0–75 years), with prevalence ranging between 8.68% and 78.85%. Cryptococcal meningitis was predominant in patients with positive HIV/AIDS, with a prevalence ranging between 2.09% and 53.1%. Streptococcus pneumoniae was found to be the predominant pathogen causing meningitis across different regions of India, with a frequency ranging from 4% to 61.8% in patients of all age groups.

Conclusion:

This systematic literature review displayed the possible range of frequency of bacterial meningitis pathogens across a wide variety of age groups in different regions of India. Further studies are warranted to monitor meningitis cases, which may facilitate the development of prevention and treatment strategies in India.
Different types of COVID-19 misinformation have different emotional valence on Twitter
Authors: Charquero-Ballester Marina , Walter Jessica G , Nissen Ida A , Bechmann Anja
Published: September 2021

The spreading of COVID-19 misinformation on social media could have severe consequences on people's behavior. In this paper, we investigated the emotional expression of misinformation related to the COVID-19 crisis on Twitter and whether emotional valence differed depending on the type of misinformation. We collected 17,463,220 English tweets with 76 COVID-19-related hashtags for March 2020. Using Google Fact Check Explorer API we identified 226 unique COVID-19 false stories for March 2020. These were clustered into six types of misinformation (cures, virus, vaccine, politics, conspiracy theories, and other). Applying the 226 classifiers to the Twitter sample we identified 690,004 tweets. Instead of running the sentiment on all tweets we manually coded a random subset of 100 tweets for each classifier to increase the validity, reducing the dataset to 2,097 tweets. We found that only a minor part of the entire dataset was related to misinformation. Also, misinformation in general does not lean towards a certain emotional valence. However, looking at comparisons of emotional valence for different types of misinformation uncovered that misinformation related to “virus” and “conspiracy” had a more negative valence than “cures,” “vaccine,” “politics,” and “other.” Knowing from existing studies that negative misinformation spreads faster, this demonstrates that filtering for misinformation type is fruitful and indicates that a focus on “virus” and “conspiracy” could be one strategy in combating misinformation. As emotional contexts affect misinformation spreading, the knowledge about emotional valence for different types of misinformation will help to better understand the spreading and consequences of misinformation.
Intra-atrial Pulmonary Venous Conduit Leak in Criss-Cross Heart: Role of Three-Dimensional Modeling
Authors: Hassler Kenneth R. , Stephens Elizabeth H. , Miranda William R. , Foley Thomas A. , Dearani Joseph A.
Published: September 2021

Three-dimensional (3D) modeling has become an invaluable tool for operative planning in the continually evolving complex field of adult congenital heart surgery. We present a case of an intra-atrial conduit leak after multiple repairs of common atrium and criss-cross morphology. 3D modeling was critical in preoperative evaluation and operative planning for complicated intracardiac anatomy after an uncommon initial approach to preserve a biventricular circulation. In the setting of complex or rare congenital cardiac anomalies, advanced imaging and 3D modeling are helpful with preoperative planning.
The Communication of Justice, Injustice, and Necessary Evils: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Thornton-Lugo Meghan A. , Rupp Deborah E.
Published: September 2021

The prevailing approach to studying justice in the workplace has focused on recipients and observers of justice. This approach, however, fails to consider the experience of other parties including those who communicate justice. To understand the experience of communicating fairness, we investigated how justice, injustice, and necessary evils differentially affect guilt and stress. In addition, we explored how communicating bad news compares to these experiences. Across two studies, we found evidence showing that guilt and stress were affected by what was being communicated, such that injustice and necessary evils provoked more guilt and stress than justice. These findings highlight how justice broadly affects communicators psychologically and physiologically.
Distal radius fracture: An opportunity for osteoporosis intervention
Authors: Chung Marvin MT , Yee Dennis KH , Fang Evan , Leung Frankie , Fang Christian
Published: September 2021

Background

Distal radius fractures have been reported as a predictor of subsequent osteoporotic fragility fractures. This retrospective study evaluated the proportion of patients with distal radius fractures at a government hospital in Hong Kong who received diagnostic evaluation or treatment for osteoporosis within 1 year.

Methods

Five hundred sixty-one postmenopausal women aged >50 years admitted to a public hospital between 2013 and 2017 for a low-energy distal radius fracture were analysed for initiation of osteoporosis medications and/or arrangement of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry screening within 1 year of injury.

Results

Within 1 year, 8.4% of patients were prescribed osteoporosis medication and 6.1% of patients had dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry arranged. Patients with a previous fracture were more likely to receive osteoporosis medication (18.6% vs 7.5%, P = 0.012) and either intervention (screening or medication) overall (23.3% vs 10.4%, P = 0.011).

Conclusions

Few postmenopausal women who suffered a distal radius fracture received osteoporosis intervention within 1 year. Orthopaedic surgeons should be aware of the possibility of underlying osteoporosis and opportunity for intervention when managing fragility distal radius fractures.
Application of thromboelastography in comparing coagulation difference of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Bai Chao-wen , Ruan Ru-xin , Pan Sheng , Huang Chao-ran , Zhang Xing-chen , Pang Yong , Zheng Xin , Guo Kai-jin
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the coagulation difference in patients with either rivaroxaban or enoxaparin as thromboprophylaxis after total hip arthroplasty (THA) regarding thromboelastography (TEG) and routine coagulation tests. Patients and methods: Two hundred and twenty-eight patients undergoing primary THA were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups according to a computer-generated random sequence. Patients in the rivaroxaban group received 10 mg of rivaroxaban orally once daily. Patients in the enoxaparin group received 4000 AxaIU (0.4 mL) of enoxaparin subcutaneously once daily. Rivaroxaban and enoxaparin were started 6–8 h after surgery. The administration of the anticoagulant prophylaxis was lasted for a minimum of 14 days. TEG and routine coagulation tests were performed on the day before the operation and 1 day and 7 days after the operation. Results: No difference was observed in the incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE) between the two groups. There was no significant difference with regard to prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT), international normalized ratio (INR), and thrombin time (TT) between the two groups. However, while considering TEG, R time of the rivaroxaban group was significantly higher than that of the enoxaparin group ( p = 0.003), whereas the maximum amplitude (MA) ( p = 0.036) value and coagulation index (CI) ( p = 0.002) value were significantly lower than those of the enoxaparin group. Conclusion: With regard to TEG analysis, there was coagulation difference in patients with rivaroxaban and those with enoxaparin as thromboprophylaxis after THA. Under recommended dose of rivaroxaban and enoxaparin, patients undergoing THA were in hypercoagulability on 7days postoperative.
Biomechanical Comparison of UCL Repair Using Suspensory Fixation Versus UCL Reconstruction
Authors: Mead R. Nelson , Nelson Trevor J. , Limpisvasti Orr , ElAttrache Neal S. , Metzger Melodie F.
Published: September 2021

Background:

Medial ulnar collateral ligament (mUCL) repair is growing in popularity as a treatment for younger athletes with mUCL tears. One of the most recent techniques utilizes a collagen-coated suture tape to augment the repair. The most popular repair technique uses a screw for proximal fixation in the humerus. We present an alternative technique that uses suspensory fixation in the proximal humerus.

Purpose:

To biomechanically compare elbow valgus stability and load to failure of a novel alternative repair technique with suspensory fixation to an mUCL reconstruction.

Study Design:

Controlled laboratory study.

Methods:

Eighteen fresh-frozen cadaveric elbows were dissected to expose the mUCL. Medial elbow stability was tested with the mUCL in an intact, deficient—either repaired or reconstructed—state. The repair technique used a suspensory fixation with suture augmentation, and the docking technique was used on all reconstructions. A 3-N·m valgus torque was applied to the elbow, and valgus rotation of the ulna was recorded via motion tracking cameras as the elbow was cycled through a full range of motion. After kinematic testing, specimens were loaded to failure at 70° of elbow flexion.

Results:

Both ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction and repair restored valgus stability to levels that were not statistically different from intact at all angles of flexion. There was no significant difference in the ultimate torque to failure between repaired and reconstructed mUCLs.

Conclusion:

There was no significant difference in the valgus strength between the mUCL repair with suspensory fixation and the mUCL reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

Suspensory fixation is an alternative method for proximal fixation in the mUCL without compromising the strength of the construct.
Harness the Hidden Treasure! Freeing Knowledge, Energies and Learning Opportunities in Child and Youth Homes to Benefit Children, Youth, Staff, Leaders and the Organisation as a Whole
Authors: Schmid Anna
Published: September 2021

Daily life in a child and youth home is created jointly by staff, children, youth and leaders. However, three important resources often remain unavailable for the development of the organisation and its promotion of the young people: (1) the knowledge of the organisation, and different perspectives on the organisation, that these persons hold, (2) the energies freed when they perceive the quality of the child and youth home as a matter of shared interest and join forces to develop it, and (3) the organisation and the processes of shaping it as learning opportunities in themselves, especially for children and youth. By participating in shaping the organisation that they live in, they not only make a contribution to its quality that only they can make, but also strengthen important competences for their independent lives. Examples from practice and research in Brazil, Hungary and Switzerland illustrate the three resources and how they can benefit both the organisation and all the persons in it, especially the children and youth. Readers are encouraged to harness the ‘hidden treasure’ that these resources represent, for the benefit of the child and youth homes as well as the children and youth in their care.
Utilizing a Data-to-Action Approach to Cultivate Policy Research and Advocacy Skills in Community-Engaged Health Promotion Courses
Authors: Batada Ameena , Thomas Audrey E. , Holtz Danielle
Published: September 2021

Community-engaged (or service) learning is a common approach in health promotion and undergraduate education and can provide students with an opportunity to learn about the social determinants of health and policy change and advocacy. Students can support organizations with policy advocacy to promote more equitable resource allocation in communities close to campus and take these skills into their future professions. This article presents an overview of and the lessons learned from a “data-to-action” approach, as well as a summary of students’ perceptions on being part of a class taking this approach. In partnership with community organizations advocating for policy change, a data-to-action approach engages and guides students in primary and/or secondary data collection, analysis, and reporting. Through the projects described in this article, students observed how policy change can affect the social determinants of health, and they contributed to advocacy efforts for policy change, such as extending bus routes, reducing the marketing and sales of tobacco, and prioritizing resources for people who are houseless. Overall, students reported that they gained familiarity with local communities and with research and other professional skills. A data-to-action approach has the potential to benefit both students and community organizations’ local advocacy efforts.
eHealth Literacy of 2-Year and 4-Year College Students: Implications for Health Education in a Post-Truth Era
Authors: Early Jody , Stone Andrea , Nieto Carolina , Gonzalez Carmen
Published: September 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and simultaneous “infodemic” have amplified the need for electronic health (eHealth) literacy, one’s ability to find, evaluate, and apply online health information to make health decisions. To date, only a few studies have examined eHealth literacy among U.S. college students. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare the eHealth literacy of students attending 4-year and 2-year colleges in the Pacific Northwest. A purposeful sample of 781 college students enrolled in nonhealth- and health-related programs completed an electronic version of the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Descriptive, bivariate, and logistical regression were used in the data analyses. Results showed that while there were no significant differences in composite scores by the demographic variables explored, differences on individual eHEALS items emerged between 2-year and 4-year college students, by the first-generation status, and by gender. First-generation students’ mean scores were lower in all areas of eHealth literacy when compared with non-first-generation students. Chi-square tests revealed significant differences in first-generation students’ perceived ability to know how (χ2 = 5.4, p = .020) and where (χ2 = 6.7, p = .010) to find health resources on the internet, as well as how to tell high-quality from low-quality health resources (χ2 = 5.0, p = .025). Students who identified as male were more likely than females to agree that they are “confident in using information from the internet to make health decisions” ( p = .028). Our findings underscore the need to strengthen higher education curricula and pedagogy to improve students’ eHealth literacy.
A Model to Promote University High-Impact Practices Through Community-Based Participatory Research
Authors: Biber Duke D. , Stoepker Peter , Gross Sarah , Heidorn Jennifer , Brandenburg Gina , Kay Christi , Meyer Adria
Published: September 2021

There has been a shift in higher education from traditional lecture-based learning to incorporating high-impact practices and experiential learning. These practices offer students an opportunity to engage in real-world settings that allow them to apply course content directly into practice. In order for high-impact practices to be effective, both program implementation and evaluation should be conducted collaboratively with community stakeholders, also known as community-based participatory research (CBPR). The Girls Empowering Movement (GEM) initiative, an out-of-school time physical activity program, is an example of CBPR in that it was developed by middle school girls, for middle school girls. The purpose of this article is to provide the framework used to recruit and train undergraduate students to collaboratively lead the GEM initiative in the southeastern United States. This article discusses how community partnerships were created, how specific content and curricular decisions were made to foster a unique learning experience, and how evaluation protocols were created to ensure undergraduate learning and community collaboration.