bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weyl's problem: A computational approach
Authors: Bowser Isaac , Kiers Ken , Mitchell Erica , Kiers Joshua
Published: August 2020

The distribution of eigenvalues of the wave equation in a bounded domain is known as Weyl's problem. We describe several computational projects related to the cumulative state number, defined as the number of states having wavenumber up to a maximum value. This quantity and its derivative, the density of states, have important applications in nuclear physics, degenerate Fermi gases, blackbody radiation, Bose–Einstein condensation, and the Casimir effect. Weyl's theorem states that, in the limit of large wavenumbers, the cumulative state number depends only on the volume of the bounding domain and not on its shape. Corrections to this behavior are well known and depend on the surface area of the bounding domain, its curvature, and other features. We describe several projects that allow readers to investigate this dependence for three bounding domains—a rectangular box, a sphere, and a circular cylinder. Quasi-one- and two-dimensional systems can be analyzed by considering various limits. The projects have applications in statistical mechanics, but can also be integrated into quantum mechanics, nuclear physics, or computational physics courses.
Vortices as Brownian particles in turbulent flows
Authors: Chong Kai Leong , Shi Jun-Qiang , Ding Guang-Yu , Ding Shan-Shan , Lu Hao-Yuan , Zhong Jin-Qiang , Xia Ke-Qing
Published: August 2020

Vortices in rotating turbulent flows move as Brownian particles with direct transition from ballistic to diffusive regimes.
Actomyosin contractility confers mechanoprotection against TNFα-induced disruption of the intervertebral disc
Authors: Hernandez Paula A. , Jacobsen Timothy D. , Chahine Nadeen O.
Published: August 2020

Rho Rho Rho your cells: Increased RhoA activity protects intervertebral disc from TNFα-induced degradation.
Lifting a sessile oil drop from a superamphiphobic surface with an impacting one
Authors: Ramírez-Soto Olinka , Sanjay Vatsal , Lohse Detlef , Pham Jonathan T. , Vollmer Doris
Published: August 2020

See when and how a sessile oil drop is lifted from a superamphiphobic surface when an identical drop falls on it.
A gene therapy for inherited blindness using dCas9-VPR–mediated transcriptional activation
Authors: Böhm Sybille , Splith Victoria , Riedmayr Lisa Maria , Rötzer René Dominik , Gasparoni Gilles , Nordström Karl J. V. , Wagner Johanna Elisabeth , Hinrichsmeyer Klara Sonnie , Walter Jörn , Wahl-Schott Christian , Fenske Stefanie , Biel Martin , Michalakis Stylianos , Becirovic Elvir
Published: August 2020

Inherited blindness can be treated with a safe gene therapy approach using activation of functionally equivalent genes.
Universal facial expressions uncovered in art of the ancient Americas: A computational approach
Authors: Cowen Alan S. , Keltner Dacher
Published: August 2020

Analyses of facial poses in ancient American sculpture reveal parallels with modern Western conceptions of emotional behavior.
Hierarchically patterned self-powered sensors for multifunctional tactile sensing
Authors: Wang Yang , Wu Heting , Xu Lin , Zhang Hainan , Yang Ya , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2020

A multifunctional self-powered sensor is developed for pressure, temperature, and material sensing.
Reengineering biocatalysts: Computational redesign of chondroitinase ABC improves efficacy and stability
Authors: Hettiaratchi Marian H. , O’Meara Matthew J. , O’Meara Teresa R. , Pickering Andrew J. , Letko-Khait Nitzan , Shoichet Molly S.
Published: August 2020

Computational redesign of chondroitinase ABC introduces 37 point mutations to improve enzyme stability and activity.
Kinetics of receptor tyrosine kinase activation define ERK signaling dynamics
Authors: Kiyatkin Anatoly , van Alderwerelt van Rosenburgh Iris K. , Klein Daryl E. , Lemmon Mark A.
Published: August 2020

ERK signaling dynamics that determine cell fate decisions are encoded by RTK activation kinetics.
Complete Genome Sequence of Weissella cibaria Strain BM2, Isolated from Korean Kimchi
Authors: Shin Jang-In , Oh Sang Gi , Bang Man-Seok , Jeong Hee-Won , Lee Yea-Jin , Lee Sang-Cheol , Lee Gi Soo , Kim Sungyong , Lee Han-Hwi , Kim Jae-heon , Oh Chung-Hun
Published: August 2020

Weissella cibaria
appears to have broad-spectrum health benefits. Here, we report the genome sequence of
Weissella cibaria
strain BM2, which was isolated from homemade kimchi; it consists of one circular chromosome of 2,462,443 bp and one plasmid of 11,067 bp. A total of 2,337 coding sequences were predicted, including 2,117 protein-coding sequences and a G+C content of 45.06%.
Insights from the Complete Genome Sequence of Bacillus circulans GN03, a Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Isolated from Pak Choi Cabbage (Brassica chinensis L.) Root Surface
Authors: Qin Lijun , Yang Xingyong , Shen Hong
Published: August 2020

A plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium,
Bacillus circulans
GN03, was isolated from the root surface of pak choi cabbage. Here, we report the whole-genome sequence of the GN03 strain, which includes a circular chromosome (5,217,129 bp; GC content, 35.64%) and a plasmid (181,705 bp; GC content, 31.62%).
Draft Genome Sequences of Six Strains Isolated from the Rhizosphere of Wheat Grown in Cadmium-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Hovorukha Vira , Bhattacharyya Ankita , Iungin Olga , Tashyreva Hanna , Romanovska Victoria , Havryliuk Olesia , Bielikova Olena , Blackwell Claire , Burks Brian , Cothern Cara , Elliott Jakia , Hoover Jonathan , Jones Alexis , Leise Christian , Lowmiller Linda , Mohamed Ahmed , Mullen Tiffany , Nettleton Ethan , Polk Karshanda , Tran Benny , Tran Teresa , Vega Manuel , Ware Landon , Welch Emily , Williams Leandra , Woodard Madison , Young Kaylin , Mavrodi Olga , Tashyrev Oleksandr , Mavrodi Dmitri
Published: August 2020

This study presents high-quality draft genome assemblies of six bacterial strains isolated from the roots of wheat grown in soil contaminated with cadmium. The results of this study will help to elucidate at the molecular level how heavy metals affect interactions between beneficial rhizobacteria and crop plants.
Complete Genome Sequences of Cluster P1 and Cluster C1 Mycobacterium smegmatis Phages Jung and Ronan
Authors: Van Richard , Nie William , Abdela Feruz , Eivazi Bardia , Kickbusch Dolores , Finkle Michael , Cris Cody , Rubinstein Matthew , Akavan Baylor , Raja Mahdeed , Vergara Jessica , Andrade Wilson , Barajas Abimael , Sanchez Jocelyn , Duenas Maria , Barilla Jay , Regner Kurt , Strong Christy , Tsourkas Philippos K.
Published: August 2020

We present the complete genome sequences of
Mycobacterium smegmatis
phages Jung and Ronan, isolated from soil in Las Vegas, Nevada. The phages were isolated and annotated by students enrolled in a course for undergraduate research experience (CURE). Jung is a cluster P1 mycobacteriophage, while Ronan is in cluster C1.
Complete Genome Sequence of Strain BB001, a Novel Epibiont Bacterium from the Candidate Phylum
Saccharibacteria
(TM7)
Authors: Lamont Eleanor I. , Hendrickson Erik L. , McLean Jeffrey S. , He Xuesong , Bor Batbileg
Published: August 2020

Strain BB001 is cultivated from the human oral cavity on its basibiont bacterial host
Actinomyces
sp. It is an ultrasmall bacterium with a reduced genome that grows obligately on its bacterial host. BB001 is the first member of human microbiome taxon 957.
Genome Sequence of
Cotton Leafroll Dwarf Virus
Infecting Cotton in Georgia, USA
Authors: Tabassum Afsha , Roberts Phillip M. , Bag Sudeep
Published: August 2020

Cotton leafroll dwarf disease (CLRDD), caused by the aphid-borne
Cotton leafroll dwarf virus
(CLRDV; genus,
Polerovirus
; family,
Luteoviridae
), has been recently reported from the major cotton-growing regions of the United States. Here, we present the nearly complete genome sequence of a CLRDV isolate from cotton in Georgia.
Is volcanic ash responsible for the enrichment of organic carbon in shales? Quantitative characterization of organic-rich shale at the Ordovician-Silurian transition
Authors: Zhao Ke , Du Xuebin , Lu Yongchao , Hao Fang , Liu Zhanhong , Jia Jixin
Published: August 2020

Subaerial volcanism and atmospheric volcanic ash deposition have been recognized as factors that can greatly affect the nutrient content of the surface ocean and the redox conditions of the water column. Black siliceous, organic-rich mudstone and shale containing numerous volcanic ash layers were deposited in the South China Block during the Ordovician-Silurian transition. Although this association has been observed in other regions, whether there is a relationship between volcanic ash and the organic carbon contents and the effect of volcanic ash remains unclear. Based on analysis of the concentrations of major elements, trace elements, and total organic carbon in the volcanic ash and shale, we found that anoxic and high-productivity environments existed during the Ordovician-Silurian transition and that organic matter was preferentially preserved under these conditions. For the volcanic ash, we quantitatively estimated the depletion of the nutrient elements Fe, Si, and P (in percentages). The calculated results show that leaching removed 25–75% of the Fe, Si, and P in most of the ash samples in the study area, potentially leading to high marine primary productivity in the surface water. Redox conditions also played a major role in the preservation of organic matter. The trace element analysis results show that although productivity was high during the Ordovician-Silurian transition, organic matter was preferentially preserved in the Lower Silurian strata. Therefore, high organic matter flux and good preservation conditions both contributed to the formation of the organic-rich shale, and volcanic ash was the dominant source of nutrients for primary productivity.
Geothermal energy and ore-forming potential of 600 °C mid-ocean-ridge hydrothermal fluids
Authors: Bali Enikő , Aradi László E. , Zierenberg Robert , Diamond Larryn W. , Pettke Thomas , Szabó Ábel , Guðfinnsson Guðmundur H. , Friðleifsson Guðmundur Ó. , Szabó Csaba
Published: August 2020

The ∼4500-m-deep Iceland Deep Drilling Project (IDDP) borehole IDDP-2 in Iceland penetrated the root of an active seawater-recharged hydrothermal system below the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. As direct sampling of pristine free fluid was impossible, we used fluid inclusions to constrain the in situ conditions and fluid composition at the bottom of the hydrothermal convection cell. The fluid temperature is ∼600 °C, and its pressure is near-hydrostatic (∼45 MPa). The fluid exists as two separate phases: an H2O-rich vapor (with an enthalpy of ∼59.4 kJ/mol) and an Fe-K–rich brine containing 2000 µg/g Cu, 3.5 µg/g Ag, 1.4 µg/g U, and 0.14 µg/g Au. Occasionally, the fluid inclusions coexist with rhyolite melt inclusions. These findings indicate that the borehole intersected high-energy steam, which is valuable for energy production, and discovered a potentially ore-forming brine. We suggest that similar fluids circulate deep beneath mid-ocean ridges worldwide and form volcanogenic massive sulfide Cu-Zn-Au-Ag ore deposits.
P52 A baseline review of the activity of the PICU pharmacists using electronically captured data
Authors: Semple Diarmaid , Brereton Erika , Dawkins Ian
Published: August 2020

Aim

To date there are no metrics for the clinical pharmacist service to PICU. It is accepted that use of a Clinical Information Management System (CIMS) has a role in medication safety,1 however there are few studies that review the information potential of a CIMS for collecting pharmacist activity.2

Method

Additional fields and custom reports were configured in the CIMS to enable PICU pharmacists to record their activity in the following areas:

Medicines reconciliation within 72 hours of admission to PICU

Discharge kardex review

Analgesia and sedation (A&S) review

Clinical pharmacy review

Other interventions & medication error reporting continued as per normal practice. Data was analysed using Microsoft Excel®.

Results

Complete data was available from July 2017 to end of 2018.

There were 1274 medicines reconciliations by a pharmacist within 72 hours of admission (78% admissions). 14% of discharge kardexes had been reviewed prior to discharge to the ward. There was an average of 190 pharmacy reviews per 100 bed days. A total of 780 Pharmacist A&S Plans were documented by the clinical pharmacists – an average of 2 per working day, and 48% of admissions.

Comparisons between each six month period showed a significant increase in the number of pharmacists medicines reconciliations (p<0.001). No other differences were found.

Conclusion

This study has shown that electronic tracking of pharmacist ward activity is possible. It has the potential to demonstrate compliance with external or internal standards and audits. This data continues to be collected, and therefore these results will be used as a baseline to compare future activity. The findings of this study may encourage other units to replicate, providing data that can be used for comparison. Further configuration of the CIMS to capture other metrics such as TDM, and document discrepancies in medicines reconciliation is planned.

References

Forni A, Chu H, Fanikos J. Technology Utilization to Prevent Medication Errors. Current Drug Safety. 2010;5:13–18.

Nelson S, Poikonen J, Reese T, El Halta D, Weir C. The pharmacist and the EHR. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 2016;24:193–197.

Health and Information Quality Authority. Guidance for health and social care providers; Principles of good practice in medication reconciliation. Dublin: HIQA; 2014
P55 Immunosuppression in the first six weeks following paediatric cardiac transplant
Authors: Thomson Karen , Reinhardt Zdenka
Published: August 2020

Aim

The aim of this audit was to establish whether immunosuppression was being prescribed correctly and whether target levels were being reached during the first six weeks post-transplant.1 2

Method

The standards were discussed and agreed, due to an absence of standardised local or national written protocols, with the lead paediatric cardiothoracic transplant consultant and a specialist transplant liaison nurse. The paediatric transplant database provided a list of patients between October 2016 and July 2018, from which paediatric cardiac transplant patients were included in this audit. All data were collected retrospectively, for the first six weeks post-transplant, from patient’s electronic records.

Results

Twenty-three patients were included in the audit; fifteen males and eight females and the mean age was 6 years old. The standards for the timing and dosing of the first ciclosporin dose were met for 87% and 78% of patients respectively. Six patients (26%) had a ciclosporin level within the target range by day 4 post-transplant, for the remaining seventeen patients the average was day 9 post-transplant. The mean levels remained within this range or slightly above after day 9. Azathioprine or mycophenolate was started within 7 days of transplant in 6 patients (23%). Four patients (17%) had documented episodes of rejection; in one patient all other standards were met and in the other three only one additional standard was not met. Nineteen patients (83%) did not have a documented episode of rejection.

Conclusions

Post-transplant management is individualised based on multiple factors such as clinical conditions e.g. renal/liver impairment and whether other agents such as ATG or steroids are being used.1 The lack of documentation around the treatment decisions made it difficult to explain deviations from standards in this audit. Ciclosporin standards were not met completely but were most likely unfeasible due to a narrow target range and the time between first dose and level monitoring. There did not appear to be a clear association between standards not being met and episodes of rejection. It would be beneficial to repeat this as a larger, prospective audit using revised standards.

References

Costanzo MR, Costanzo MR, Dipchand A, et al. The international society of heart and lung transplantation guidelines for the care of heart transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2010;29:914–56.

Sandimmun Concentrate for Solution for Infusion 50 mg/ml - Summary of Product Characteristics (SmPC) - (eMC) [Internet]. [cited 2018 Sep 2]. Available from: https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/product/1036
P57 Continuous drug delivery is significantly affected by relative height changes between patient and syringe driver
Authors: Zahid Aisha , Wignell Andrew , Raffaj Dusan , Davies Patrick
Published: August 2020

Aims

Syringe drivers are the principle method of giving continuous infusions of important drugs to patients. Many of these drugs are critical for the maintenance of normal physiology. Anecdotal evidence abounds of severe patient instability on movement of syringe drivers during infusion. Our objective was to define the variation in drug delivery seen in three different syringe drivers, with changes in relative height between the syringe driver and the end of the giving set.

Methods

Three syringe drivers (Alaris CC (Becton Dickinson), Perfusor Space (B Braun), and Synamed μSP6000 (Arcomed)) were analysed for reliability of flow at 0.5, 1, 2, and 5 ml/hr. A small air bubble was introduced into the giving set, and the progression of this was documented before and after a vertical movement of the syringe driver by 25 or 50 cm upwards or downwards relative to the delivery port.

Results

For all pumps, delivery was interrupted on movement of the pumps downwards, and a bolus was given with movement of the pump upwards. Delivery halted at lower pump speeds for longer than higher pump speeds. The maximum delivery interruption was 11.8 minutes. Boluses given on moving the pump up were calculated as the equivalent number of minutes needed to deliver the bolus volume at steady state. The maximum bolus given was equivalent to 15.8 minutes of delivery. We were unable to eliminate the effects seen by very slow, steady movement of the pumps up or down. Static height differences made no difference to delivery.

Conclusions

Syringe drivers should not be moved vertically in relation to the patient. Critical drug delivery is interrupted for up to 12 minutes with relative downward movements, and significant boluses of drugs are given with relative upward movements. As far as possible, elimination of relative height movements is advised, and extreme caution is necessary if any movements are unavoidable.
Retinal ultra-wide-field colour imaging versus dilated fundus examination to screen for sickle cell retinopathy
Authors: Alabduljalil Talal , Cheung Crystal SY , VandenHoven Cynthia , Mackeen Leslie D , Kirby-Allen Melanie , Kertes Peter J , Lam Wai-Ching
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To compare ultra-wide-field colour fundus imaging (UWFI) to dilated fundus examination (DFE) for the screening of sickle cell retinopathy (SCR).

Design

This study is a prospective, blinded, multicentre case series.

Participants

This study included two groups: an adult group (n=268 eyes) and a paediatric group (n=168 eyes). Sickle cell disease (SCD) types included haemoglobin S homozygous (HbSS), haemoglobin S and C (HbSC) and Hb S with β-thalassaemia (HbSß-Thal).

Methods

Participants underwent DFE and UWFI. Each eye received three independent grades (1–4), documented by three graders: clinical grader, image grader 1 and image grader 2. Three clinically relevant diagnostic thresholds were determined. Based on these thresholds, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for all three graders were calculated relative to each other as reference tests.

Results

HbSC was associated with the most advanced SCR grades. When compared to the clinical grader, image grader 1 and image grader 2 consistently detected more SCR and higher SCR grades in both adult and paediatric groups. In both groups, image grader 1 and image grader 2 identified twice as many cases of capillary occlusion/anastomosis than clinical grader. To detect the presence of any proliferative SCR, image grader 1 and image grader 2 had a sensitivity of 82%, 71% in the paediatrics group and 90% and 72% in the adult group. The clinical grader sensitivity was 52% in the paediatrics group and 53% in the adult group.

Conclusion

The UWFI is a sensitive tool to screen for SCR. It is superior to DFE in detecting capillary occlusion or anastomosis.
Effectiveness of honey for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Abuelgasim Hibatullah , Albury Charlotte , Lee Joseph
Published: August 2020

Background

Antibiotic over prescription for upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in primary care exacerbates antimicrobial resistance. There is a need for effective alternatives to antibiotic prescribing. Honey is a lay remedy for URTIs, and has an emerging evidence base for its use. Honey has antimicrobial properties, and guidelines recommended honey for acute cough in children.

Objectives

To evaluate the effectiveness of honey for symptomatic relief in URTIs.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis. We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, AMED, Cab abstracts, Cochrane Library, LILACS, and CINAHL with a combination of keywords and MeSH terms.

Results

We identified 1345 unique records, and 14 studies were included. Overall risk of bias was moderate. Compared with usual care, honey improved combined symptom score (three studies, mean difference −3.96, 95% CI −5.42 to −2.51, I2=0%), cough frequency (eight studies, standardised mean difference (SMD) −0.36, 95% CI −0.50 to −0.21, I2=0%) and cough severity (five studies, SMD −0.44, 95% CI −0.64 to −0.25, I2=20%). We combined two studies comparing honey with placebo for relieving combined symptoms (SMD −0.63, 95% CI −1.44 to 0.18, I2=91%).

Conclusions

Honey was superior to usual care for the improvement of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. It provides a widely available and cheap alternative to antibiotics. Honey could help efforts to slow the spread of antimicrobial resistance, but further high quality, placebo controlled trials are needed.

PROSPERO registration No

Study ID, CRD42017067582 on PROSPERO: International prospective register of systematic reviews (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/).
Analysis of reports of unintended pregnancies associated with the combined use of non-enzyme-inducing antibiotics and hormonal contraceptives
Authors: Aronson Jeffrey K , Ferner Robin E
Published: August 2020

Background

Enzyme-inducing antibacterial drugs can impair the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives. Suspicion that other antibiotics might do likewise led to advice that extra contraceptive precautions should be taken during a course of antibiotics. However, current advice is that the purported interaction does not occur, based on small studies observing few pregnancies, assuming that all women are susceptible, and without measuring unbound hormone concentrations.

Objective

To test the null hypothesis that antibiotics do not impair the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

Design

A database review of Yellow Card reports to the UK’s Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.

Data

Spontaneous reports of suspected adverse drug reactions in people taking antibacterial drugs (n=74 623), enzyme-inducing medicines (n=32 872), or control medicines (n=65 578).

Main outcome measures

Reports of the primary outcome—unintended pregnancies; reports of cardiac arrhythmias and headaches (control events); reports of congenital abnormalities (positive control events); and reports of diarrhoea (a possible confounding factor).

Results

Compared with control medicines, unintended pregnancies were seven times more commonly reported with antibiotics and 13 times more commonly reported with enzyme inducers (the positive controls). Congenital abnormalities were reported seven times more often with enzyme inducers but were not more common with antibiotics. Diarrhoea was not a confounding factor.

Conclusion

This study provides a signal that antibacterial drugs may reduce the efficacy of hormonal contraceptives. Women taking hormonal contraceptives should be warned that antibiotics may impair their effectiveness. Extra precautions can be taken during a course of antibiotics; an unintended pregnancy is a life-changing event.
Evidence-based medicine and machine learning: a partnership with a common purpose
Authors: Scott Ian , Cook David , Coiera Enrico
Published: August 2020

From its origins in epidemiology, evidence-based medicine has promulgated a rigorous approach to assessing the validity, impact and applicability of hypothesis-driven empirical research used to evaluate the utility of diagnostic tests, prognostic tools and therapeutic interventions. Machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, uses computer programs to discover patterns and associations within huge datasets which are then incorporated into algorithms used to assist diagnoses and predict future outcomes, including response to therapies. How do these two fields relate to one another? What are their similarities and differences, their strengths and weaknesses? Can each learn from, and complement, the other in rendering clinical decision-making more informed and effective?
Heterogeneity of outcomes for intraoperative music interventions: a scoping review and evidence map
Authors: Ambler Melanie , Springs Stacey , Garcia Dioscaris , Born Christopher
Published: August 2020

Background

Over the past 30 years, numerous studies have been performed that assess the efficacy of intraoperative music as an adjunctive means to regional and local anaesthesia to improve clinical outcomes. Despite an emerging body of evidence and growing adoption of music in surgical settings, the variety of interventions studied, and the heterogeneity of outcomes and outcome measurement tools applied makes difficult the task of aggregating evidence.

Objective

This study assesses the state of the field of intraoperative musical interventions by documenting and visualising the breadth of outcomes measured in studies.

Design

Scoping review and evidence map.

Methods

Three electronic databases (PubMed, Embase and a music-focussed research database, RILM (International Music Literature Repository)) were searched for full-text articles published between January 1991 and July 2019. Results from these searches were screened and relevant data was extracted from full-text articles on type of music intervention and type of anaesthesia; outcomes measured were recorded in an evidence map in order to identify the current state of the field and assess for trends in outcome measurements.

Interventions

Music administered to adult patients via headphones or speakers under regional or local sedation in during the intraoperative period.

Results

Twenty-one studies with a total of 2283 patients were included. A total of 42 unique outcomes were measured across the 21 studies, with each measuring an average of 6.41±2.63 outcomes. Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, anxiety, pain, patient satisfaction, respiratory rate and sedation requirements were the most prevalent outcomes reported. Only 15 outcome measures (36%) were used in more than one study, while the remaining 27 outcome measures (64%) were identified in only one study in our review.

Conclusions

Our scoping review identifies that almost two-thirds of studies in this field used>1 outcome measure unique to that study (not also used in other studies), which hinders opportunities to aggregate data across studies and meta-analyse evidence. Future studies should provide clear documentation regarding the intervention and consider using valid and reliable outcome tools. Researchers should consider standardisation when appropriate and adopting the use of core outcome sets for conditions where these sets have been developed.
Bowel ulceration following tocilizumab administration in a COVID-19 patient
Authors: Bruce-Hickman Damian , Sajeed Shanaz Matthew , Pang Yin Huei , Seow Choon Sheong , Chen Weihao , Gulati Kansal Monika
Published: August 2020

Tocilizumab, a monoclonal antibody against interleukin-6, has been used to treat cytokine release syndrome (CRS) in a subset of patients with severe COVID-19 disease. Acute ulcerative bowel disease has been only rarely documented in patients treated for rheumatological conditions. The gastrointestinal side effects seen when used in the context of COVID-19 are unknown. We present a case of COVID-19 CRS in which acute terminal ileum and perforated caecal ulceration evolved after tocilizumab exposure. We raise awareness of a possible causal relationship between even a single dose of tocilizumab and gut ulceration in patients with COVID-19. Any such drug enteropathy relationship requires watchful monitoring during upcoming trials of tocilizumab in patients with COVID-19.
Two concurrent embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas of the oesophageal and perilaryngeal tissue in an adult dog: imaging, cytological and histological features
Authors: Gombert Alexis , Culang Deborah , Lanthier Isabelle , Martin Edouard , Finck Cyrielle
Published: August 2020

A five‐year‐old neutered male Labrador Retriever was presented for recurring severe dyspnoeic episodes. Oral examination performed under sedation revealed a mass originating from the left arytenoid. CT highlighted a large perilaryngeal soft‐tissue mass abutting the oesophagus, with a small intralaryngeal component. The mass created a narrowing of the laryngeal lumen and displaced the cranial cervical oesophagus dorsally and to the right. CT also highlighted a second smaller mass rostrally at the level of an oesophageal outpouching, narrowing the caudal aspect of the nasopharynx. The perilaryngeal mass was aspirated under ultrasound guidance. Cytology was suggestive of a tumour arising from skeletal muscle and a rhabdomyosarcoma was suspected. Due to poor prognosis, the patient was euthanased. Postmortem examination confirmed two masses affecting the cranial cervical oesophagus, one of which also invaded the perilaryngeal tissue. Histology and immunohistochemistry provided a final diagnosis of two concurrent oesophageal and perilaryngeal embryonal rhabdomyosarcomas.
Successful transcutaneous pacing following ventricular standstill during anaesthetic induction in a dog with third‐degree atrioventricular block
Authors: Miller Lucy , Gozalo‐Marcilla Miguel , Culshaw Geoff , Panti Ambra
Published: August 2020

Third‐degree atrioventricular block is a haemodynamically unstable bradycardia frequently resulting in signs of lethargy, weakness and collapse. In this reported case, a four year‐four month‐old male neutered Cavalier King Charles spaniel diagnosed with third‐degree atrioventricular block was referred for transvenous permanent pacemaker implantation. During induction of general anaesthesia, the dog suffered cardiac arrest consistent with ventricular standstill, as indicated by cessation of ventricular electrical activity on the ECG monitor and the absence of a peripheral pulse. The prior placement of transthoracic pacing pads under sedation allowed for rapid commencement of temporary transcutaneous pacing and proved effective in achieving ventricular capture with re‐establishment of cardiac output. The subsequent general anaesthesia for implantation of a permanent pacemaker was uneventful. This report considers the possible causes of ventricular escape rhythm suppression and highlights the importance of ensuring availability of a temporary pacing method from the outset when anaesthetising animals with unstable and symptomatic bradycardias.
Cardiorespiratory demands of competitive rock climbing
Authors: Callender Nigel A. , Hayes Tara N. , Tiller Nicholas B.
Published: August 2020

Rock climbing has become a mainstream sport, contested on the Olympic stage. The work/rest pattern of bouldering is unique among disciplines, and little is known about its physiological demands. This study characterised the cardiorespiratory responses to simulated competition. Eleven elite boulderers (7 male) volunteered to participate (age = 23.3 ± 4.5 years; mass = 68.2 ± 9.7 kg; stature = 1.73 ± 0.06 m; body fat = 10.4% ± 5%). Subjects completed incremental treadmill running to determine maximal capacities. On a separate day, they undertook a simulated Olympic-style climbing competition comprising 5 boulder problems, each separated by 5 min of rest. Pulmonary ventilation, gas exchange, and heart rate were assessed throughout. Total climbing time was 18.9 ± 2.7 min. Bouldering elicited a peak oxygen uptake of 35.8 ± 7.3 mL·kg−1·min−1 (∼75% of treadmill maximum) and a peak heart rate of 162 ± 14 beats·min−1 (∼88% of maximum). Subjects spent 22.9% ± 8.6% of climbing time above the gas exchange threshold. At exercise cessation, there was an abrupt and significant increase in tidal volume (1.4 ± 0.4 vs. 1.8 ± 0.4 L; p = 0.006, d = 0.83) despite unchanged minute ventilation. Cardiorespiratory parameters returned to baseline within 4 min of the rest period. In conclusion, competitive bouldering elicits substantial cardiorespiratory demand and evidence of tidal volume constraint. Further studies are warranted to explore the effect of cardiorespiratory training on climbing performance.

Novelty: Competitive bouldering evokes a high fraction of maximal oxygen uptake and prolonged periods above the gas exchange threshold. Climbing appears to impose a constraint on tidal volume expansion. Cardiorespiratory indices in elite climbers return to baseline within 2–4 min.
Incidence and ecology of the chaga fungus (Inonotus obliquus) in hardwood New England – Acadian forests
Authors: Brydon-Williams Rhys , Munck I.A. , Asbjornsen H.
Published: August 2020

Inonotus obliquus (Ach. ex Pers.) Pilát is a fungal pathogen of birch trees (Betula spp.) and other hardwoods that produces a sterile conk known colloquially as chaga. Chaga has medicinal value as an anti-mutagen and for gastro-peptic relief. Chaga harvesting has recently increased throughout its natural range in North America, including the White Mountain National Forest (WMNF). There is currently a lack of knowledge on chaga resource incidence and ecology in North America, which this project sought to rectify. Two surveys were conducted in 2017 and 2018 in the WMNF, totaling 2611 sampled trees. Positive correlations were found between chaga presence and mean stand tree age, diameter at breast height, and elevation. Overall chaga frequency was low (3.75%); however, sclerotia were widely distributed throughout the study area, with infected trees clustering. Chaga presence did not correlate with stand-level species composition or annual basal area increment, though it did appear with significantly greater frequency in yellow birch trees compared with other birch species. Additional damages related to biotic and abiotic stressors did not correlate with chaga presence, except for those resulting directly from chaga presence. These results have important silvicultural and forest management implications for chaga harvest practices across its North American range.
National mapping and estimation of forest area by dominant tree species using Sentinel-2 data
Authors: Breidenbach Johannes , Waser Lars T. , Debella-Gilo Misganu , Schumacher Johannes , Rahlf Johannes , Hauglin Marius , Puliti Stefano , Astrup Rasmus
Published: August 2020

Nation-wide Sentinel-2 mosaics were used with National Forest Inventory (NFI) plot data for modelling and subsequent mapping of spruce-, pine-, and deciduous-dominated forest in Norway at a 16 m × 16 m resolution. The accuracies of the best model ranged between 74% for spruce and 87% for deciduous forest. An overall accuracy of 90% was found on stand level using independent data from more than 42 000 stands. Errors mostly resulting from a forest mask reduced the model accuracies by ∼10%. The produced map was subsequently used to generate model-assisted (MA) and poststratified (PS) estimates of species-specific forest area. At the national level, efficiencies of the estimates increased by 20% to 50% for MA and up to 90% for PS. Greater minimum numbers of observations constrained the use of PS. For MA estimates of municipalities, efficiencies improved by up to a factor of 8 but were sometimes also less than 1. PS estimates were always equally as or more precise than direct and MA estimates but were applicable in fewer municipalities. The tree species prediction map is part of the Norwegian forest resource map and is used, among others, to improve maps of other variables of interest such as timber volume and biomass.
THE J-CURVE AND KOREA’S BILATERAL TRADE: THE ROLE OF CRUDE OIL PRICES
Authors: XU JIANGQIN , BAEK JUNGHO
Published: August 2020

Although oil prices likely influence the trade balance via macroeconomy channels (i.e. exchange rates and income), less widely recognized is the possibility of such an effect in investigating the hypothesis of a J-Curve. Thus, the primary thrust of this paper is to investigate the effect of oil prices on the J-Curve using bilateral trade data between Korea and her 14 largest partners. We uncover that the price of crude oil is indeed important in affecting the Korean trade balance and thus further validity evidence of the J-Curve. We further discover that incorporating exchange rate asymmetry provides more evidence supporting the J-Curve in the Korean trade balance.
On the thickness distribution and the maximum thinning ratio in hydrostatic forming for sheet metal
Authors: Thu Nguyen Thi , Trung Nguyen Dac
Published: August 2020

In manufacturing, thickness distribution and maximum thinning greatly affect product quality in sheet metal forming. They depend on many input parameters, such as technological parameters, geometric shape of die, workpiece’s materials and forming methods. Hydrostatic forming technology is particularly suitable for forming thin-shell products with complex shapes. However, due to the forming characteristics, the thinning phenomenon in this technology is much more intense than in other forming methods. Therefore, this study aims to determine the thickness distribution and the relationship between the maximum thinning ratio and input parameters including blank holder pressure, relative depth of the die and relative thickness of the workpiece in this technology. The chosen product shape is cylinder and the chosen method is the orthogonal second-order design. The results are expressed in graphs and functions and they can be applied in product design, calculation and control of input parameters in industrial manufacturing.
Repetitive recycling of 3D printing PLA filament as renewable resources on mechanical and thermal loads
Authors: Hong Jeong-Hyo , Yu Tianyu , Park Soo-Jeong , Kim Yun-Hae
Published: August 2020

3D printing technology has emerged as a high value-added industry with high efficiency that has dramatically broken away from the existing material and manufacturing industry’s human-based production system. These technologies, ranging from small parts to large structures, are rapidly developing due to the challenge of various filament materials, whereas there are significant concerns about waste filler materials, and complimentary research is needed to improve them. Polylactic acid (PLA), the representative polymer of 3D printing, contributes to minimizing environmental risks. However, although thermoplastic PLA has excellent reversible properties for heat in terms of sustainable resources, it is degraded as a low value-added material afterward. Therefore, in this study, the effect of repetitive recycling on the mechanical and thermal properties of PLA filaments was analyzed to verify and re-evaluate PLA as a renewable resource. As a result, recycled PLA has decreased tensile and flexural strength by up to 69% and 53%, respectively, compared to initial neat PLA with the increase of the number of repetitive recycling, and this demonstrates the change in the thermal properties of recycled PLA.
Experimental modeling of fluid pressure in hydrostatic forming for cylindrical product
Authors: Thu Nguyen Thi , Trung Nguyen Dac
Published: August 2020

Forming fluid pressure is an important technological parameter that determines whether a product can be accurately formed according to the size and profile of the die in hydrostatic forming technology. The expected value of this parameter is often very high because it acts as the punch in forming complex products from sheet metal. However, it is difficult to achieve high values because the forming fluid pressure depends on the ability to hold high pressure of equipment system and input parameters including the blank holder pressure, the depth of die, the thickness of workpiece. Moreover, it is also necessary to have a mathematical model for this parameter to facilitate the calculation and control of the forming process. In order to solve the above problems, this paper will indicate a simple way to avoid the pressure drop during forming process, and establish a regression function relationship between the forming fluid pressure for typical cylindrical product and input parameters above by experimental research method. The results contribute to die design, calculation and control of process parameters to facilitate shaping thin shell products in actual hydrostatic forming technology.
Key node identification of wireless sensor networks based on cascade failure
Authors: Wang Xiao , Du Jian , Zou Rongcheng , Zhou Zebo
Published: August 2020

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have become one of the core technologies of the internet of things (IoT) system. They are information generation and acquisition systems used by the IoT to sense and identify the surrounding environment. They are also sensor technology, embedding computing technology, communication technology and important product in the development of Internet technology, which have made the whole society more intelligent and humanized. WSNs are multi-hop self-organizing networks consisting of a large number of micro-sensor nodes deployed in the monitoring area. They can collaboratively sense, collect and process the monitored objects and transmit them to the observers. In this paper, we use the cascade failure method to find the key nodes in the WSNs. First, a complex network cascade failure model based on load redistribution is proposed. Differences from the existing model are as follows: (1) for each node, an overload function is defined; (2) the evolution of the network topology is replaced by node weight evolution. Based on the cascade failure model, a method for evaluating the importance of complex load network nodes is proposed and a new definition of node importance is given. This method helps to discover some potential “critical nodes” in the network. The final experimental analysis verifies the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Regional Cooperation in South Asia: Exploring the Three Pillars of Regionalism and their Relevance
Authors: PAUL ADITI
Published: August 2020

The lofty ideals penned by the heads of the South Asian states at the birth of the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) reflect a vision for promoting mutual trust and understanding in South Asia. But the member states have fallen into the intricate web of power balancing games, fluctuating economic growth and volatile ethnic and religious conditions that has marred the potential gains from regionalism. In such a scenario, while SAARCs snail-like progress continues without any remarkable achievements, there has been a rise of new regional organizations that has not only renewed our attention towards economic liberalization and the benefits accrued from multilateral economic cooperation but has also put into question the fundamentals of regionalism. The paper situates regionalism in acts of cooperation that are not isolated and discrete from each other but rather form a pattern of interconnecting expectations about the future of the alliance and the assumptions on legitimate activities. The paper argues that regionalism is a multi-faceted task and involves political harmony, economic interdependence and common identity as the three pillars. But regionalism in South Asia encourages economic interdependence and proscribes political integration and common values and norms. As a result, the attempts at regionalism in South Asia are conceptually narrow, limited in agenda and inadequate to address the issues of regional peace and security.
SIGCSE board to create committee addressing equity, diversity, and inclusion in computing education
Authors: SIGCSE Board (2019-2022)
Published: August 2020

Recent events have been a painful acknowledgment that systemic racism and inequality are pervasive in society, with significant personal impact for members of the SIGCSE community. The SIGCSE Board has been encouraged by the call to action to increase the diversity and inclusion of computing education conferences, spaces, leadership, teaching, research, and technology. We would like to see the energy and momentum that has arisen in the past few weeks coalesce into structures that can enable significant and permanent change in our community.
Koli Calling 2020 call for participation
Authors: Falkner Nick , Seppälä Otto
Published: August 2020

We invite you to submit a paper or poster for the 20th Koli Calling International Conference on Computing Education Research (Koli Calling 2020) and join us ... not in Koli this year, but anywhere on Earth, 19-22 November 2020.
As a CS educator, how do you think we can address inequity issues that exist in the field?
Authors: Miller Jeffrey , Davis Karen C. , Marshall Brandeis , Washington Nicki , Pérez-Quiñones Manuel A. , Porter Leo , Gilbert Juan E.
Published: August 2020

We asked several CS education researchers to offer brief remarks (about 200 words) to spark discussion and provide ideas for actions we can all take to address inequity issues. Five responses are included below.
Effects of Occupational Hazards on Job Stress and Mental Health of Factory Workers and Miners: A Propensity Score Analysis
Authors: Lu Yaoqin , Zhang Zhe , Yan Huan , Rui Baoling , Liu Jiwen
Published: August 2020

This study is to evaluate the effects of different occupational hazards on job stress and mental health of factory workers and miners. A total of 6120 workers from factories and mining enterprises in seven districts and one district of Urumqi were determined using the stratified cluster random sampling method. The Effort‐Reward Imbalance (ERI) questionnaire and the Symptom Checklist‐90 (SCL‐90) were used to evaluate the effects of occupational hazard factors on job stress and mental health of workers. The propensity score analysis was used to control the confounding factors. The occupational hazards affecting job stress of workers were asbestos dust (OR = 1.3, 95% CI: 1.09‐1.55), benzene (OR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.10‐1.41), and noise (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.22‐1.59). The occupational hazards affecting the mental health of workers were coal dust (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.02‐1.38), asbestos dust (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.32‐1.92), benzene (OR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.13‐1.47), and noise (OR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.07‐1.42). Different occupational hazards have certain influence on job stress and mental health of factory workers and miners. The enhancements in occupational hazard and risk assessment, occupational health examination, and occupational protection should be taken to relieve job stress and enhance the mental health of factory workers and miners.