bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A multiple‐method study of environmental uncertainty and manufacturing flexibility
Authors: Pagell Mark , Krause Daniel R
Published: July 2002

This paper addresses the relationship between environmental uncertainty and operational flexibility through research that utilized a mail survey of North American manufacturers, and structured field interviews of users of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT). Results from these efforts include: (1) no relationship was found between the measures of environmental uncertainty and operational flexibility, (2) no relationship was found between a firm's performance and its effort to align the level of operational flexibility with its external environment, and (3) the sample of AMT users reported more certain external environments than the random survey sample of manufacturers. The qualitative data gathered during the structured interviews is used to help explain these results, which redefine the boundaries of existing theory on these relationships and provide direction for future research.
A comparison of intermediate filament markers for presumptive astroglia in the developing rat neocortex: immunostaining against nestin reveals more detail, than GFAP or vimentin
Authors: Kálmán Mihály , Ajtai Béla M.
Published: July 2002

The present study compares the immunopositive elements in the developing rat cortex between the day of birth (P0) and the 18th postnatal day (P18), after immunostaining against nestin, vimentin and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Nestin immunostaining revealed more structural details than either vimentin or GFAP, or they together. While vimentin immunostaining preferred radial glia and GFAP preferred astrocytes, nestin immunostaining detected both. Stellate‐shaped astrocyte‐like cells were already seen at P0 and cells of typical astrocytic morphology were numerous at P3, and were predominating elements from P7, whereas GFAP‐immunopositive astrocytes were very scarce even at P7, and became numerous only by P11, when nestin immunopositivity started to disappear. Nestin immunostaining revealed such structures which were not seen in GFAP‐ or vimentin immunostained sections: cell body‐like structures ‘hanging’ at the end the radial fibers, seeming to divide with their fibers, or having astrocyte‐like processes. Nestin immunostaining is therefore highly recommended for studies of the glial architecture in the early post‐natal brain development.
Expression pattern of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) in the developing cortex of the embryonic chick brain
Authors: Lundgren Per , Johansson Lenore , Englund Camilla , Sellström Åke , Mattsson Mats‐Olof
Published: July 2002

The development of the GABAergic system in the chick embryo telencephalon has been studied. Special emphasis was placed on the development of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) between embryonic day 8 (E8) and E17. The GABA immunoreactivity and neuron‐specific enolase expression was detected simultaneously in glutardialdehyde fixed sections, which confirmed that GABAergic cells exhibit neuronal phenotype. The GAD expression was studied by means of immunohistochemistry on cryo‐sectioned material both at the light and electron microscopic levels. Furthermore, the presence and localization of GAD65 and GAD67 mRNAs were studied with an in situ hybridization technique with digoxigenin‐labeled RNA probes. Protein expression as well as mRNA appearance mostly coincided both temporally and spatially.In the parahippocampal area, as well as in other regions of the developing cortex, GAD staining was seen from E8 onwards. The number of positive cells increased as did the intensity of staining up to E14. As observed in the electron microscope, the GAD protein was co‐localized with GABA in most cases, although some GAD‐positive cells devoid of GABA‐staining also were observed. The pattern of GAD mRNA expression was in general similar to that of GAD immunostaining. Both GAD65 and GAD67 mRNA were detected during the entire period. Furthermore, GAD67 mRNA localization spatially was more correlated with GAD protein expression. The study provides evidence for the notion that development of the GABAergic system occurs rapidly during embryogenesis and, as suggested from mRNA data, that two forms of GAD with a slight difference in distribution can contribute to this. © 1997 ISDN
Clozapine as a treatment tool: only in resistant schizophrenic patients?
Authors: Cassano GB , Ciapparelli A , Villa M
Published: July 2002

Evidence indicates that clozapine is effective in the management of treatment-resistant schizophrenia and in affective psychoses. To examine whether affective components within the boundaries of the schizophrenia spectrum imply specific psychopathological characteristics of response to treatment, 60 patients with a treatment-resistant schizophrenia spectrum disorder who were treated with clozapine (75–600 mg/d) were evaluated in a naturalistic, open, follow-up study. The group comprised 41 patients with and 19 without bipolar features (43 men and 17 women, mean age 34.3 years). Patients were evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) during the first year of treatment. The results show a significant improvement in scores in both groups (P < 0.001) compared with the baseline evaluation. A higher percentage of responders was seen in the ‘affective’ group. No typical psychopathological characteristic or symptom cluster predicting the response to treatment was identified. During the study, 15 patients discontinued treatment: six for lack of efficacy, five for non-compliance and four for adverse events. The study confirms the efficacy of clozapine in the treatment of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, particularly in patients with bipolar features.
Market efficiency before and after the introduction of electronic trading at the Toronto stock exchange
Authors: Freund William C. , Larrain Maurice , Pagano Michael S.
Published: July 2002

The trend toward automation of the trading activity on stock exchanges has spread around the world in recent years. Using rescaled range analysis, we test the effect of automation at the TSE on the market's efficiency using daily and monthly return data. Significant departures from a random walk model were found for selected individual stocks in the daily data. However, monthly returns of various stock indexes were more closely described by a random walk process. Differences in the daily and monthly data may be attributable to the effects of aggregation and indexation on return data. In addition, several simple ‘technical’ trading strategies were compared with a ‘buy and hold’ strategy using daily data for 25 stocks. Despite the presence of non‐random patterns in the return data, the technical trading rules could not exploit this information to out‐perform the buy and hold strategy. Thus, the presence of deviations from a random walk do not necessarily translate into abnormal performance. Overall, the results suggest automation did not significantly alter the degree of market efficiency at the TSE.
Sacrificial Synthesis of Supported Ru Single Atoms and Clusters on N‐doped Carbon Derived from Covalent Triazine Frameworks: A Charge Modulation Approach
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Yao Siyu , Hu Xiaobing , Okejiri Francis , He Kun , Liu Pingying , Tian Ziqi , Dravid Vinayak P. , Fu Jie , Zhu Xiang , Dai Sheng
Published: December 2020

High‐temperature pyrolysis of nitrogen (N)‐rich, crystalline porous organic architectures in the presence of a metal precursor is an important chemical process in heterogeneous catalysis for the fabrication of highly porous N‐carbon‐supported metal catalysts. Herein, covalent triazine framework (CTF) and CTF‐I (that is, CTF after charge modulation with iodomethane) are presented as sacrificial templates, for the synthesis of carbon‐supported Ru catalysts—Ru‐CTF‐900 and Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 respectively, following high‐temperature pyrolysis at 900 °C under N2 atmosphere. Predictably, the dispersed Ru on pristine CTF carrier suffered severe sintering of the Ru nanoparticles (NPs) during heat treatment at 900 °C. However, the Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 catalyst is composed of ultra‐small Ru NPs and abundant Ru single atoms which may have resulted from much stronger RuN interactions. Through modification of the micro‐environment within the CTF architecture, Ru precursor interacted on charged‐modulated CTF framework shows electrostatic repulsion and steric hindrance, thus contributing toward the high density of single Ru atoms and even smaller Ru NPs after pyrolysis. A RuRu coordination number of only 1.3 is observed in the novel Ru‐CTF‐I‐900 catalyst, which exhibits significantly higher catalytic activity than Ru‐CTF‐900 for transfer hydrogenation of acetophenone.
Nidogen‐1 Mitigates Ischemia and Promotes Tissue Survival and Regeneration
Authors: Zbinden Aline , Layland Shannon L. , Urbanczyk Max , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Marzi Julia , Zauner Monika , Hammerschmidt Anne , Brauchle Eva M. , Sudrow Katrin , Fink Simon , Templin Markus , Liebscher Simone , Klein Gerd , Deb Arjun , Duffy Garry P. , Crooks Gay M. , Eble Johannes A. , Mikkola Hanna K. A. , Nsair Ali , Seifert Martina , Schenke‐Layland Katja
Published: December 2020

Ischemia impacts multiple organ systems and is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Ischemia disrupts tissue homeostasis, driving cell death, and damages tissue structure integrity. Strategies to heal organs, like the infarcted heart, or to replace cells, as done in pancreatic islet β‐cell transplantations, are often hindered by ischemic conditions. Here, it is discovered that the basement membrane glycoprotein nidogen‐1 attenuates the apoptotic effect of hypoxia in cardiomyocytes and pancreatic β‐cells via the αvβ3 integrin and beneficially modulates immune responses in vitro. It is shown that nidogen‐1 significantly increases heart function and angiogenesis, while reducing fibrosis, in a mouse postmyocardial infarction model. These results demonstrate the protective and regenerative potential of nidogen‐1 in ischemic conditions.
A murine model of dengue virus infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice
Authors: Byrne Alana B. , García Ayelén G. , Brahamian Jorge M. , Mauri Aldana , Ferretti Adrián , Polack Fernando P. , Talarico Laura B.
Published: December 2020

Dengue is a significant public health concern across tropical and subtropical regions worldwide, principally causing disease in children. Very young children are at increased risk of severe manifestations of dengue infection. The mechanism of dengue disease in this population is not fully understood. In this study, we present a murine model of dengue virus primary infection in suckling C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice in order to investigate disease pathogenesis. Three‐day‐old C57BL/6 mice intraperitoneally infected with DENV‐2 NGC were more susceptible to infection than BALB/c mice, showing increased liver enzymes, extended viremia, dissemination to organs and histological alterations in liver and small intestine. Furthermore, the immune response in DENV‐infected C57BL/6 mice exhibited a marked Th1 bias compared to BALB/c mice. These findings highlight the possibility of establishing an immunocompetent mouse model of DENV‐2 infection in suckling mice that reproduces certain signs of disease observed in humans and that could be used to further study age‐related mechanisms of dengue pathogenesis.
Approximate Bayesian inference for multivariate point pattern analysis in disease mapping
Authors: Palmí‐Perales Francisco , Gómez‐Rubio Virgilio , López‐Abente Gonzalo , Ramis Rebeca , Sanz‐Anquela José Miguel , Fernández‐Navarro Pablo
Published: December 2020

We present a novel approach for analysing multivariate case‐control georeferenced data in a Bayesian disease mapping context using stochastic partial differential equations (SPDEs) and the integrated nested Laplace approximation (INLA) for model fitting. In particular, we propose smooth terms based on SPDE models to estimate the underlying spatial variation as well as risk associated to pollution sources. Log‐Gaussian Cox processes are used to estimate the intensity of the cases and controls, to account for risk factors and include a term to measure spatial residual variation. Each intensity is modelled on a baseline spatial effect (estimated from both controls and cases), a disease‐specific spatial term and the effects of some covariates. By fitting these models, the residual spatial terms can be easily compared to detect high‐risk areas not explained by the covariates. Three different types of effects to model exposure to pollution sources are considered on the distance to the source: a fixed effect, a smooth term to model non‐linear effects by means of a discrete random walk of order one and a Gaussian process in one dimension with a Matérn covariance function. Spatial terms are modelled using a Gaussian process in two dimensions with a Matérn covariance function and are approximated using an approach based on solving an SPDE through INLA. Finally, this new framework is applied to a dataset of three different types of cancer and a set of controls from Alcalá de Henares (Madrid, Spain). Covariates available include the distance to several polluting industries and socioeconomic indicators. Our findings point to a possible risk increase due to the proximity to some of these industries.
Critical analysis of biophysicochemical parameters for qualitative improvement of phytogenic nanoparticles
Authors: Maity Sukhendu , Adhikari Madhuchhanda , Banerjee Sambuddha , Guchhait Rajkumar , Chatterjee Ankit , Pramanick Kousik
Published: December 2020

Conventional chemical approaches for synthesizing nanoparticles (NPs) may restrict their applicability as they are not eco‐friendly, energetically efficient and often involve toxic reducing/capping agents; but phytonanotechnology enabled the synthesis of safe, inexpensive, highly biocompatible NPs. In this regard, thorough understanding of green components and the modulatory effects of different reaction conditions on the physicochemical parameters of green synthesized NPs would be a prerequisite, which is not depicted elsewhere. This review critically analyzes the relevant reaction conditions from their mechanistic viewpoints in plant‐based synthesis of NPs arising fundamental issues which need to be determined carefully. The size, stability and surface chemistry of phytogenic NPs may be fabricated as a function of multiple interconnected reaction parameters and the plant species used. The therapeutic potential of phytogenic NPs may depend on the plant species used; and so the meticulous understanding of physicochemical parameters and the family wise shorting of elite plant species may potentially benefit the theranostic future of plant‐based NPs.
Stain resistance and surface roughness of CAD/CAM processed hybrid ceramic
Authors: Silva Ana Leticia Franklin , Geng‐Vivanco Rocio , Tonani‐Torrieri Rafaella , Pires‐de‐Souza Fernanda de Carvalho Panzeri
Published: December 2020

This study evaluated the stain resistance and surface roughness alteration of a CAD/CAM processed hybrid ceramic. Specimens were fabricated: 30 of resin‐based composite (RBC; Filtek Z350), 30 of ceramic (IPS emax Press) and 60 of hybrid ceramic (Lava Ultimate). Color, translucency (BYK Gardner), whiteness index for dentistry (WID) and surface roughness (Surftest SJ‐201P) measurements were made. Samples were randomly separated into three groups: Coffee staining (3 hours/day), coffee staining + mechanical toothbrushing (3 hours/day‐staining + 40 cycles‐toothbrushing) and storage in distilled water (control), all for 30 days Afterwards, all specimens were polished: RBC (n = 10) with a composite polishing kit (Enhance Dentsply), ceramic (n = 10) with a ceramic one (Eve Diapol), half of the hybrid ceramic (n = 10) with the composite polishing kit and the other half (n = 10) with the ceramic kit. Then, final readouts were obtained. Data was analyzed by two‐way analysis of variance. The hybrid ceramic exhibited intermediate color change after staining (P < .05). The hybrid ceramic presented WID chance similar to ceramic in control group (P > .05). After staining/brushing, the hybrid ceramic polishing with the ceramic kit revealed the greatest translucency change (P < .05). RBC and hybrid ceramic polishing with the resin kit presented similar surface roughness alteration (P > .05), except after staining/brushing (P < .05). Also, ceramic was different from the hybrid ceramic polishing with the ceramic kit (P < .05). The hybrid ceramic showed intermediate staining and roughness compared to the RBC and the ceramic. The ceramic polishing kit was more effective in removing stains from the hybrid ceramic.
Carrier aggregation‐enabled non‐orthogonal multiple access approach towards enhanced network performance in 5G Ultra‐Dense Networks
Authors: Afolalu Oladele , Ventura Neco
Published: December 2020

The need for fifth generation (5G) wireless technology to meet stringent demands on high throughput, ultra low latency, high reliability, massive connectivity, and fairness among users has seriously constrained the limited radio spectrum. Non‐orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) has been identified as one of the promising enabling radio access techniques to solve this problem. The basic principle of NOMA is the ability to serve multiple users in the same time and frequency resources but differentiated by their power domains. However, the inherent power‐domain multiplexing requires channel gain disparity between the strong and weak users, thereby reducing the sum‐rate gain of the network. In this paper, we propose NOMA scheme, integrated with carrier aggregation (CA) to further increase the bandwidth and data rate of users. Simulation results show considerable improvement in terms of throughput, energy efficiency, and fairness among users.
How the unconscious mind controls body movements: Body schema distortion in anorexia nervosa
Authors: Beckmann Nina , Baumann Patricia , Herpertz Stephan , Trojan Jörg , Diers Martin
Published: December 2020

Objective

Besides all visible somatic manifestations, distorted body representation is a key symptom for anorexia nervosa (AN). Body representation can be divided into a conscious component, body image, and an unconscious action‐related one, body schema. As behavioral studies already explored the impact of a distorted body image in AN, we aimed to explore whether distortion also extends into unconscious body schema. This study is the first with an unbiased measurement of the body schema in a homogeneous sample of AN patients.

Method

Twenty‐three patients diagnosed with AN and 23 healthy controls (HC) walked through a door like aperture varying in width. Door width was based on participants shoulder width and ranged from an aperture‐to‐shoulder‐ratio of (A/S) 0.9 to 1.45. Shoulder rotation was measured as indication of perceived body width. To measure the unconscious body schema, we used a cover story pretending to investigate the influence of change of position on retention memory.

Results

We found a significantly higher critical A/S for AN than HC, which indicates that AN patients rotate their shoulders for relatively larger door widths than HC, thus unconsciously estimating their body size to be larger than in reality. Additionally, we found a correlation between negative body attribution and overestimation of bodily dimensions.

Discussion

As stated by the “allocentric‐lock”‐hypothesis, AN patients might be locked to a stored representation of their body that cannot be updated and remains at pre‐AN conditions. We suggest future AN‐therapy to counter body schema alterations by combining cognitive behavioral therapy and virtual reality therapy.
Is the stepping‐down approach a better option than multiple daily injections in obese patients with poorly controlled Type 2 diabetes on advanced insulin therapy?
Authors: Naing Soe , Ramesh Geeta , Garcha Jasmine , Poliyedath Anupama , Khandelwal Stutee , Mills Paul K.
Published: December 2020

Aim

To determine whether de‐escalating from advanced insulin therapy (AIT) to the combined use of metformin, an SGLT2 inhibitor, a GLP1 receptor agonist and basal insulin is the better option than multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) in obese patients with poorly controlled T2DM.

Methods

This was a 16‐week, prospective, randomized, controlled trial. Twenty‐two obese patients with T2DM on AIT were randomized to intervention (step‐down) or control (MDI) group. In the intervention group, all prandial insulin injections were discontinued, but the patient remained on basal insulin and metformin, to which an SGLT2i and a GLP1 RA were added. In the control group, the patient remained on MDI.

Results

Compared to control group (n = 8), A1c was significantly lower at week 4 (9.54% vs 8.25%; p = .0088) and week 16 (9.7% vs 7.31%; p < .001) in intervention group (n = 10). In intervention group, compared to baseline, there was a significant decrease in weight (−16.38 pounds; p = .003), BMI (−3.06; p < .001), LDL cholesterol (−15.7 mg/dl; p = .0378), total cholesterol (−18.5 mg/dl; p = .0386), total daily insulin dose (−57.3 units; p < .001) and a significant improvement in DM‐SAT patient satisfaction 0‐100 scores: total score (+45.3; p < .001) and subscale scores (Convenience + 35.28, p = .019; Lifestyle + 35.8, p = .0052; Medical control + 51.3, p < .001; Wellbeing + 47.2, p = .0091) at week 16.

Conclusion

De‐escalating from AIT to the combined use of metformin, SGLT2i, GLP1 RA and basal insulin in obese patients with poorly controlled T2DM on MDI resulted in significant improvement in glycaemic control, weight loss and significantly higher patient satisfaction. This stepping‐down approach may be the better option than continuing MDI in these patients.
A T‐type three‐level converter for wide‐range voltage application
Authors: Yao Zhilei
Published: December 2020

Fuel and solar cells are broadly used in Microgrids. However, their output varies widely when load and environment change extensively. Thus, DC‐DC converters are used for wide‐range voltage application. Nevertheless, output filter inductor is large and voltage stress of diodes is high in two‐level converters when input voltage varies widely. Therefore, a T‐type three‐level converter is proposed. A T‐type cell is added into the full‐bridge (FB) converter. The proposed converter can work in two‐ and three‐level modes, that is, 2L and 3L modes. It works in 2L mode in high input voltage. Thus, the output filter inductance and voltage stress of diodes in 2L mode decrease compared to the FB converter. Operating principle is illustrated. In addition, design guidelines and examples are shown. Finally, experimental results confirm the theoretical analysis.
A green, facile, and one‐pot synthesis of 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives using tungstate sulfuric acid as a solid acid catalyst
Authors: Rohani Lida , Karami Bahador , Farahi Mahnaz
Published: December 2020

2‐Amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carbonitriles and 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran‐3‐carboxylate derivatives were synthesized under mild conditions in the presence of tungstate sulfuric acid (TSA) as a recyclable solid acid catalyst. Catalytic condensation between 3‐acetylcoumarin, aromatic aldehydes, and malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate gave the 2‐amino‐4H‐pyran derivatives. Tungstate sulfuric acid is a low‐cost, nontoxic, and reusable catalyst, which does not require very high temperatures and good to excellent yields were obtained in all cases. The catalyst can be reused for many times without significant loss of its activity.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer of Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped glass ceramics containing Na3Gd(PO4)2
Authors: Chen Xi , Zhang Hongbo , Jia Wentao , Zou Xiangyu , Su Chunhui
Published: December 2020

Tb3+‐doped and Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped transparent glass ceramics containing Na3Gd(PO4)2 crystal phase were prepared by melt crystallization. The types of crystals, grain size, and optical transmittance of the samples were investigated by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and UV visible absorption spectrometer. The effect of different heat treatment time on grain size, crystal morphology, and light transmittance was also studied. The luminescence performance of transparent glass ceramics was systematically studied by the excitation spectrum, emission spectrum, and the fluorescence lifetime. The optimal doping concentration of Tb3+ doped and Eu3+/Tb3+ co‐doped were determined. When the mole percent concentration of Tb4O7 was 0.4%, the strongest green light was obtained at 546 nm (5D4 → 7F5). Meanwhile, the energy transfer process between Eu3+ and Tb3+ was discussed. Under the excitation of 374 nm, white light can be obtained by adjusting the concentration ratio of Eu3+ and Tb3+.
Dumbbell‐Shaped, Graft and Bottlebrush Polymers with All‐Siloxane Nature: Synthetic Methodology, Thermal, and Rheological Behavior
Authors: Goncharova Irina K. , Tukhvatshin Rinat S. , Kholodkov Dmitry N. , Novikov Roman A. , Solodilov Vitaliy I. , Arzumanyan Ashot V.
Published: December 2020

A methodology for synthesizing a wide range of dumbbell‐shaped, graft and bottlebrush polymers with all‐siloxane nature (without carbosilane linkers) is suggested. These macroarchitectures are synthesized from SiOH‐containing compounds—silanol (Et3SiOH) and siloxanol dendrons of the first and second generations, with various peripheral substituents (Me or Et)—and from linear siloxanes comprising terminal and internal SiH groups by the Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction. Products and key building blocks are obtained in yields up to 95%. These polymers are heat and frost‐resistant siloxanes. As it turns out, the product physical properties are determined not only by the macromolecular structure, the linear chain length, the size and frequency of branched pendant, but also by the type of peripheral substituents—Me or Et—in the pendant. Thus, the viscosity of the graft polymers with branched pendant groups comprising peripheral Me‐groups is more than ≈3–5 fold lower than that of analogous polymers with peripheral Et‐groups.
Metastatic Mediastinal Germ-Cell Tumor and Concurrent COVID-19: When Chemotherapy Is Not Deferrable
Authors: Pedrazzoli Paolo , Rondonotti David , Cattrini Carlo , Secondino Simona , Ravanini Paolo , Piralla Antonio , Sainaghi Pier Paolo , Brustia Diego , Bozzola Cristina , Gariglio Marisa , Cossandi Christian , Rosti Giovanni , Gennari Alessandra
Published: December 2020

This letter to the editor describes the case of a patient with mediastinal germ cell tumor who developed COVID-19 at the end of the first cycle of chemotherapy and continues the discussion on whether it is best to continue or delay administration of chemotherapy with an active COVID-19 infection.
Modelling the combined effects of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in Apolygus lucorum (Meyer‐Dür) across different latitudes
Authors: Feng Hongqiang , Jin Yinli , Zhang Yanfang , Huang Jianrong , Feng Hongyun , Hou Youming
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

The green mirid bug Apolygus lucorum is a dominant pest species on multiple crops over a wide area in northern China. However, the combined effect of photoperiod and temperature on diapause induction in this species across different latitudes is not clear. Thus, the combined effects of temperature (17–29 °C) and photoperiod (11:13 h to 15:9 h light/dark) on diapause induction for seven geographic populations, collected at latitudes between 30.47°N and 38.30°N, were investigated.

RESULTS

A model, I = (15 – p)/(30 – p – 1.923(t – 16)1/2 + 0.4499 t – 0.015 L – 19.5389) was established to predict diapause incidence (I) using photophase (p), temperature (t) and latitude (L). In most cases, the diapause incidence predicted by the model was within or close to the 95% confidence interval estimated from independently observed field data.

CONCLUSION

Diapause incidence in A. lucorum was influenced nonlinearly by temperature and photoperiod across different latitudes. The model established in this study is valid for predicting diapause incidence in this pest over a wide area in northern China, and thus can be incorporated into an areawide population dynamic model of this pest. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Thermally Stable Quantum Rods, Covering Full Visible Range for Display and Lighting Application
Authors: Prodanov Maksym F. , Gupta Swadesh K. , Kang Chengbin , Diakov Maksym Y. , Vashchenko Valerii V. , Srivastava Abhishek K.
Published: December 2020

Recently, quantum rods (QRs) have been studied heavily for display and lighting applications. QRs offer serious advantages over the quantum dots such as higher light out‐coupling coefficient, and polarized emission. The QR enhancement films double liquid crystal display efficiency. However, it is still a challenge to synthesize good quality green (λem ≈ 520 nm) and blue (λem ≈ 465 nm) emitting QRs, due to very large bathochromic shift during the shell growth. Furthermore, until now, the presence of cadmium in high‐quality QRs is inevitable, but due to its toxicity, RoHS has restricted the amount of cadmium in consumer products. In this article, low Cd core‐shell QRs, with a narrow‐band luminescence spectrum tuned in the whole visible range, are prepared by replacing Cd with Zn in a one‐pot post‐synthetic development. These QRs possess the good thermal stability of photoluminescence properties, and therefore, show high performance for the on‐chip LED configuration. The designed white LEDs (WLEDs) are characterized by a high brightness of 120000 nits, and color gamut covering 122% NTSC (90% of BT2020), in the 1931CIE color space. Additionally, these LEDs show a high luminous efficiency of 115 lm W−1. Thus, these quantum rod LED are perfectly viable for display backlighting and lighting applications.
Posteriore Epilepsien: Ätiologische Aspekte
Authors: Kasper Burkhard S. , Rössler Karl , Dörfler Arnd
Published: December 2020

Hintergrund

Posteriore Epilepsien (PE), also fokale Epilepsien mit Ursprungszonen in den hinteren Anteilen des Neokortex (Parietallappen, Okzipitallappen, dorsaler Temporallappen), sind eine diagnostische und therapeutische Herausforderung mit einem großen Spektrum an möglichen Ätiologien.

Fragestellung

Das ätiologische Spektrum der PE wird dargestellt.

Material und Methode

Illustration auf der Basis langjähriger eigener Erfahrung und mit Befundbeispielen eigener Fälle.

Ergebnisse

Die PE ist vielgestaltig. Die Kenntnis des breiten Spektrums der möglichen Ätiologien ist wichtig, um eine PE mit ihrer Ätiologie verlässlich zu erkennen und ausgewählten Patienten eine gezielte Behandlung anbieten zu können. Erfolgreiche Epilepsiechirurgie ist nicht selten möglich.
Tracking the visual system—from the optic chiasm to primary visual cortex
Authors: Puzniak Robert J. , Prabhakaran Gokulraj T. , Buentjen Lars , Schmitt Friedhelm C. , Hoffmann Michael B.
Published: December 2020

Epilepsy surgery is a well-established method of treatment for pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies, but it carries an inherent risk of damaging eloquent brain structures. This holds true in particular for visual system pathways, where the damage to, for example, the optic radiation may result in postoperative visual field defects. Such risk can be minimized by the identification and localization of visual pathways using diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI). The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the step-by-step process of reconstructing the visual pathways applying dMRI analysis. This includes data acquisition, preprocessing, identification of key structures of the visual system necessary for reconstruction, as well as diffusion modeling and the ultimate reconstruction of neural pathways. As a result, the reader will become familiar both with the ideas and challenges of imaging the visual system using dMRI and their relevance for planning the intervention.
Diabetes SPECIAL (Students Providing Education on Chronic Illness and Lifestyle): a novel preclinical medical student elective
Authors: Myers Sarah E. , Bender Nicholas R. , Seidel Marina A. , Weinstock Ruth S.
Published: December 2020

Background Traditional medical student curricula limit substantial clinical experiences until the third and fourth years of medical school. This delay in valuable experiences hinders the ability of some medical students to choose a specialty to pursue, delays the formation of meaningful longitudinal mentorship relationships, and limits the development of important clinical acumen. Furthermore, the use of medical students in preclinical years may help to improve patient care and outcomes.

Approach The novel preclinical Diabetes SPECIAL (Students Providing Education on Chronic Illness and Lifestyle) elective was designed to introduce first year medical students to the field of endocrinology, promote the development of a professional identity, improve medical student communication skills, and raise awareness of the complexities of managing patients living with diabetes mellitus. Furthermore, and novel to this experience, was to measure the impact of this elective on patient outcomes.

Evaluation Students attended patient appointments, communicated with their assigned patients regularly, relayed important health information to the attending endocrinologist, and attended monthly didactic sessions. The elective outcomes were evaluated via completed surveys by patients, students, and attending physicians as well as medical record review for pre- and post-elective hemoglobin A1C levels.

Reflection Students, faculty, and patients who participated in this elective generally reported having a positive experience. Seven out of 10 patients had a reduction in their hemoglobin A1C levels.
Measuring motivation for team science collaboration in health teams
Authors: Lotrecchiano Gaetano R. , Schwartz Lisa , Falk-Krzesinski Holly J.
Published: December 2020

The Motivation Assessment for Team Readiness, Integration, and Collaboration (MATRICx) is a psychometric instrument that measures individual motivation for collaboration. It was validated using Rasch Analysis to create an indicator hierarchy on two dimensions: cooperation and collaboration. Six domains provide the basis for the tool to identify team member readiness for collaboration and a means by which to understand motivational strengths in a team based on degree of past self-reported experience. This brief report provides an overview of the development of the tool, how science teams may use it, and how to interpret results to advance team member readiness for greater collaboration. The paper also draws attention to ongoing work in progress to develop learning interventions to accompany the MATRICx instrument.
An Alfvenic reconnecting plasmoid thruster
Authors: Ebrahimi Fatima
Published: December 2020

A new concept for the generation of thrust for space propulsion is introduced. Energetic thrust is generated in the form of plasmoids (confined plasma in closed magnetic loops) when magnetic helicity (linked magnetic field lines) is injected into an annular channel. Using a novel configuration of static electric and magnetic fields, the concept utilizes a current-sheet instability to spontaneously and continuously create plasmoids via magnetic reconnection. The generated low-temperature plasma is simulated in a global annular geometry using the extended magnetohydrodynamic model. Because the system-size plasmoid is an Alfvenic outflow from the reconnection site, its thrust is proportional to the square of the magnetic field strength and does not ideally depend on the mass of the ion species of the plasma. Exhaust velocities in the range of 20 to

$500\ \textrm {km}\ \textrm {s}^{-1}$

, controllable by the coil currents, are observed in the simulations.
Pathological Alternations of Mediastinal Fat-Associated Lymphoid Cluster and Lung in a Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mouse Model
Authors: Elewa Yaser H.A. , Ichii Osamu , Nakamura Teppei , Kon Yasuhiro
Published: December 2020

Diabetes is a devastating global health problem and is considered a predisposing factor for lung injury progression. Furthermore, previous reports of the authors revealed the role of mediastinal fat-associated lymphoid clusters (MFALCs) in advancing respiratory diseases. However, no reports concerning the role of MFALCs on the development of lung injury in diabetes have been published. Therefore, this study aimed to examine the correlations between diabetes and the development of MFALCs and the progression of lung injury in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic mouse model. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis for immune cells (CD3+ T-lymphocytes, B220+ B-lymphocytes, Iba1+ macrophages, and Gr1+ granulocytes), vessels markers (CD31+ endothelial cells and LYVE-1+ lymphatic vessels “LVs”), and inflammatory markers (TNF-α and IL-5) was performed. In comparison to the control group, the diabetic group showed lung injury development with a significant increase in MFALC size, immune cells, LVs, and inflammatory marker, and a considerable decrease of CD31+ endothelial cells in both lung and MFALCs was observed. Furthermore, the blood glucose level showed significant positive correlations with MFALCs size, lung injury, immune cells, inflammatory markers, and LYVE-1+ LVs in lungs and MFALCs. Thus, we suggest that the development of MFALCs and LVs could contribute to lung injury progression in diabetic conditions.
Core−shell GaP@C nanoparticles with a thin and uniform carbon coating as a promising anode material for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ma Jingjing , Zhang Huan , Xin Yucheng , Liu Shanqin , Li Yuanchao , Yang Li , Xu Guangri , Lou Tianjun , Niu Hongying , Yang Shuting
Published: December 2020

A core–shell structure GaP@C nanocomposite with a thin and uniform carbon coating has been successfully prepared and proved to be a promising anode material for lithium-ion batteries.
Differences in mechanical properties lead to anomalous phase separation in a model cell co-culture
Authors: Dey Supravat , Das Moumita
Published: December 2020

Unusual phase separation dynamics with distinct morphologies of compact and dispersed clusters in a binary mixture of mechanically soft, less adhesive cells (red) and mechanically stiff, more adhesive cells (green).
One-dimensional assembly of β-form anhydrous guanine microrods
Authors: Liu Yanan , Chen Fenghua , Guo Dongmei , Ma Yurong
Published: December 2020

One-dimensional assembly of β-AG microrods form spontineously in water, which is the first reported 1D assembly of organic crystals formed in solutions. The β-AG microrods can form reversible 1D assembly in water after being treated in organic solvents.
Tailoring patchy nanoparticle design to modulate serum albumin adsorption and membrane interaction
Authors: He Xiaocong , Li Lingxiao , Yang Yuanyuan , Dong Zhaotong , Wang Lin , Qu Zhiguo , Xu Feng
Published: December 2020

MD simulations explain the adsorption mechanism between patchy NPs and human serum albumin, and the interaction mechanism between NPs–HSA and membrane.
Kelvin probe force microscopy to study electrostatic interactions of DNA with lipid–gemini surfactant monolayers for gene delivery
Authors: Henderson Robert D. E. , Filice Carina T. , Wettig Shawn , Leonenko Zoya
Published: December 2020

Electrostatic interactions that drive assembly of lipid–gemini surfactant films with DNA in a gene delivery system are revealed by KPFM.
The chromospheric component of coronal bright points
Authors: Madjarska Maria S. , Chae Jongchul , Moreno-Insertis Fernando , Hou Zhenyong , Nóbrega-Siverio Daniel , Kwak Hannah , Galsgaard Klaus , Cho Kyuhyoun
Published: December 2020

Context. We investigate the chromospheric counterpart of small-scale coronal loops constituting a coronal bright point (CBP) and its response to a photospheric magnetic-flux increase accompanied by co-temporal CBP heating.

Aims. The aim of this study is to simultaneously investigate the chromospheric and coronal layers associated with a CBP, and in so doing, provide further understanding on the heating of plasmas confined in small-scale loops.

Methods. We used co-observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Helioseismic Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, together with data from the Fast Imaging Solar Spectrograph taken in the Hα and Ca II 8542.1 Å lines. We also employed both linear force-free and potential field extrapolation models to investigate the magnetic topology of the CBP loops and the overlying corona, respectively. We used a new multi-layer spectral inversion technique to derive the temporal variations of the temperature of the Hα loops (HLs).

Results. We find that the counterpart of the CBP, as seen at chromospheric temperatures, is composed of a bundle of dark elongated features named in this work Hα loops, which constitute an integral part of the CBP loop magnetic structure. An increase in the photospheric magnetic flux due to flux emergence is accompanied by a rise of the coronal emission of the CBP loops, that is a heating episode. We also observe enhanced chromospheric activity associated with the occurrence of new HLs and mottles. While the coronal emission and magnetic flux increases appear to be co-temporal, the response of the Hα counterpart of the CBP occurs with a small delay of less than 3 min. A sharp temperature increase is found in one of the HLs and in one of the CBP footpoints estimated at 46% and 55% with respect to the pre-event values, also starting with a delay of less than 3 min following the coronal heating episode. The low-lying CBP loop structure remains non-potential for the entire observing period. The magnetic topological analysis of the overlying corona reveals the presence of a coronal null point at the beginning and towards the end of the heating episode.

Conclusions. The delay in the response of the chromospheric counterpart of the CBP suggests that the heating may have occurred at coronal heights.
Methodology for Developing Algorithms for Compressing Hyperspectral Aerospace Images used on Board Spacecraft
Authors: Sarinova Assiya , Zamyatin Alexander
Published: December 2020

The paper describes a method for constructing and developing algorithms for compressing hyperspectral aerospace images (AI) of hardware implementation for subsequent use in remote sensing Systems (RSS). The developed compression methods based on differential and discrete transformations are proposed as compression algorithms necessary for reducing the amount of transmitted information. The paper considers a method for developing compression algorithms, which is used to develop an adaptive algorithm for compressing hyperspectral AI using programmable devices. Studies have shown that the proposed algorithms have sufficient efficiency for use and can be applied on Board spacecraft when transmitting hyperspectral remote sensing data in conditions of limited buffer memory capacity and communication channel bandwidth.
Experimental analysis of the correlation between ultrasonic velocity and metallographic and cutting performance parameters of boron carbide-doped diamond sockets
Authors: Ekincioglu Gokhan , Tabaru Timucin Emre , Hayber Sekip Esat , Altindag Rasit
Published: December 2020

The natural stone cutting process is carried out by cutting tools called diamond socket (DS) consisting of two parts diamond and matrix. DS performance in rock cutting highly depends on the production cost of the socket, cutting precision, and energy costs. However, DS performance can be demonstrated after the circular saw with DS is connected to the cutting machine and performs the cutting operation. This trial and error method causes negative effects such as time loss, an increase in labor costs, and disruption in production for natural stone processing plants. For this reason, ultrasonic velocity measurement (UVM) processes are performed on DS to predict DS performance. Within the scope of the study, eight groups of boron carbide (B4C)-doped DS are produced. In the one group of these DSs, no-doped is made, and therefore it is considered as a reference socket. The other seven groups are B4C-doped at different rates. Metallographic parameters (MPs) (unit volume weight, porosity, Knoop hardness, weight wear loss) of DSs produced before cutting experiments are determined. Then cutting performance parameters (CPPs) (specific cutting energy, power consumption, specific abrasion) of circular saws prepared with DS groups are obtained by performing cutting experiments on granite samples. After ultrasonic velocity (UV) in diamond sockets is measured experimentally, the correlations between UV and MPs and CPPs are analyzed. As a result of the experimental analyses, it has been determined that there is a significant correlation between these parameters and UV. Based on these correlations, it has been determined that the UVM method can be used both in the quality control of DSs and in the prediction of cutting performance.
Dossier « L’économie circulaire : modes de gouvernance et développement territorial » – Nouveaux modèles économiques et construction de la durabilité territoriale. Illustrations à partir d’une analyse de l’action collective
Authors: Maillefert Muriel , Robert Isabelle
Published: December 2020

Depuis le début des années 2000, des expérimentations dont l’objectif est de développer de nouveaux modèles économiques (économie circulaire, écologie industrielle et territoriale, économie de la fonctionnalité…) s’organisent autour de pratiques collectives engagées autour et vers de nouvelles formes de durabilité. Ces initiatives émanent de partenaires privés ou de territoires. Malgré leur grande hétérogénéité, ces nouveaux modèles économiques ont en commun une hybridation de projets entrepreneuriaux et territoriaux qui portent potentiellement en germe une évolution radicale de la création de richesse à travers un processus innovant d’action collective. Ce travail se propose, à partir d’une grille de lecture de l’action collective, d’en décrypter les processus et d’en analyser les ressorts et les résultats potentiels en termes de ce que nous nommons durabilité territoriale. Nous montrons, à partir de trois cas d’entreprise, les processus et formes d’action collectives ainsi que les limites à la mise en place des modèles à une échelle plus large.
Reproductive Outcomes in Cases of Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Thyroid Autoimmunity: A Narrative Review
Authors: Carvalho Bruno Ramalho de , Nácul Andrea Prestes , Benetti-Pinto Cristina Laguna , Rosa-e-Silva Ana Carolina Japur de Sá , Soares Júnior José Maria , Maciel Gustavo Arantes Rosa , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: December 2020

Thyroid diseases are relatively common in women in the reproductive period. It is currently understood that clinically-evident thyroid disorders may impair ovulation and, consequently, fertility. However, to date it has not been proven that high serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or positivity for antithyroid antibodies are associated to a reduction in fertility, mainly in the absence of altered thyroxine levels. The present comprehensive review aims to present current data on the association between subclinical hypothyroidism and/or thyroid autoimmunity and reproductive outcomes.