bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of adipose-derived stem cells exosomes cross-linked chitosan-αβ-glycerophosphate thermosensitive hydrogel on deep burn wounds
Authors: Xu Lei , Liu Dan , Yun Hai-Long , Zhang Wei , Ren Li , Li Wen-Wen , Han Chuan
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND

Burn wound management is challenging, and while mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes show therapeutic potential, optimal delivery methods are unclear.

AIM

To study chitosan (CS)-αβ-glycerophosphate (CS-αβ-GP) hydrogel crosslinked with adipose-derived stem cell exosomes (ASC-Exos) for healing deep burn injuries.

METHODS

Rats with deep burn injuries were divided into the CS + ASCs-Exos group, the ASCs-Exos group, the CS group, and the control group. The healing rates on days 4, 7, and 14 after treatment were analyzed using ImageJ software. On day 14, the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin staining, Masson’s trichrome staining, and immunohistochemical analysis to evaluate tumor necrosis factor α, interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1α, IL-10, transforming growth factor β, and epidermal growth factor. The mRNA levels of IL-1α, CD86, C-C motif chemokine ligand 22, and CD163 were evaluated through quantitative polymerase chain reaction.

RESULTS

The CS + ASC-Exos group exhibited enhanced healing, reduced lymphocyte infiltration, blood vessels, and muscle fiber distribution. Increased IL-10, transforming growth factor β, and epidermal growth factor and decreased tumor necrosis factor α, IL-1α, and IL-6 expression were observed. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed reduced IL-1α and CD86 and increased C-C motif chemokine ligand 22 and CD163 expression. Protein analysis showed downregulation of phosphorylated inhibitor of kappa Balpha and P65 in the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway. ASC-Exos crosslinked with CS-αβ-GP hydrogel demonstrates superior effects in anti-inflammation, wound healing promotion, and promotion of M1 macrophage transformation to M2 macrophage by blocking the NF-κB pathway compared to ASC-Exos alone.

CONCLUSION

Our research demonstrates that the ASC-Exos cross-linked CS-αβ-GP hydrogel represents an advanced therapeutic approach for treating deep burn wounds. It has anti-inflammatory effects, promotes wound healing, and facilitates the transition of M1 macrophages to M2 macrophages by blocking the NF-κB pathway.
Impact of miR-214-5p and miR-21-5p from hypoxic endometrial exosomes on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell function
Authors: Zhang Jin-Wei
Published: February 2025

Exosomes derived from hypoxic endometrial epithelial cells are pivotal in cellular communication and tissue repair, offering new perspectives on reproductive health. This manuscript highlights the study by Zhang et al , which investigates the effects of miR-214-5p and miR-21-5p in hypoxic cell-derived exosomes on human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. The study reveals that low levels of these microRNAs activate the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 signaling pathway, enhancing human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell migration and differentiation. These findings provide novel insights into therapeutic strategies for improving endometrial health and addressing infertility linked to thin endometrium.
Ontological and Epistemological Function of Mythical-Religious Consciousness in the Philosophy of Ernst Cassirer and Mircea Eliade
Authors: Kalinowski Jan Jakub
Published: February 2025

The aim of this article is to present the concept of mythical-religious consciousness and present its ontological and epistemological significance through the meaning-giving aspect of myth and the category of the sacred as demonstrated by Ernst Cassirer and Mircea Eliade. Regardless of the significant differences in the understanding of myth and religion of both thinkers, we shall try to present the common ground, which we believe they have shared within the bounds of their antireductionist and anti-Cartesian attitudes towards the subject of myth. We shall supplement this perspective with the hermeneutical philosophy of Paul Ricoeur (and others) to make this more coherent within the broader field of anthropology. In doing so, we hope to establish a synthetic perspective for such study, rather than relying on analysis and criticism alone. As such, this will be a trans-disciplinary study of literary sources on the intersections of ontology, epistemology, linguistics, psychology, sociology and religious studies, which exposes itself for a critique of oversimplification from all the disciplines listed. Finally, we shall also attempt to make this study more relevant by reference to the ongoing research in 4E cognition.
Sound, silence and the difficult heritage in the realms of remembrance: The case of Europe and Asia–Pacific region
Authors: Barbasiewicz Olga , Zaborski Marcin
Published: February 2025

This article addresses the role of sound and silence in different types of memorials – monuments, memorials and museums. It shows how silence plays an important role which can be pierced by a sudden resounding sound – be it a whisper or the ringing of a bell, or oil coming out of a wreck. The authors focused their analysis on memorials in the Asia-Pacific region, Europe and Israel, which are inextricably linked to a difficult heritage. The aim of using sound in a space commemorating tragic events is to appeal to the visitor’s emotions, as well as to create a specific narrative.
Specificities of the presentation of open-air museums in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Tišlliar Pavol , Jagošová Lucie , Kuśnierz-Krupa Dominika , Ivashko Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the idea of open-air museums in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe while aiming to identify and name the varied focus and specificities of their presentations. These institutions typically combine two concepts: the monument concept, which relates to the protection and presentation of architecture, and the museological concept, which includes the “revival” of these sites through presentation and educational means. A living museum, living history, presenting everyday life, crafts, handcrafts, agricultural work, but also revived technological and military objects, have an inestimable place in the system of modern museum culture.
A construction of the polylogarithm motive
Authors: Dupont Clément , Fresán Javier
Published: February 2025

Classical polylogarithms give rise to a variation of mixed Hodge-Tate structures on the punctured projective line $S=\mathbb{P}^1\setminus \{0, 1, \infty\}$, which is an extension of the symmetric power of the Kummer variation by a trivial variation. By results of Beilinson-Deligne, Huber-Wildeshaus, and Ayoub, this polylogarithm variation has a lift to the category of mixed Tate motives over $S$, whose existence is proved by computing the corresponding space of extensions in both the motivic and the Hodge settings. In this paper, we construct the polylogarithm motive as an explicit relative cohomology motive, namely that of the complement of the hypersurface $\{1-zt_1\cdots t_n=0\}$ in affine space $\mathbb{A}^n_S$ relative to the union of the hyperplanes $\{t_i=0\}$ and $\{t_i=1\}$.

Comment: 32 pages
AIR Pneumo, a project to standardize chest radiograph interpretation of occupational lung diseases in Thailand and ASEAN countries: Challenges and future trends
Authors: Tungsagunwattana Sutarat , Lertrojanapunya Saijai
Published: February 2025

This article compiles multiple operations to establish the standard for experts in interpreting chest radiographs of pneumoconiosis, based on the International Labour Organization's (ILO) classification standards in Asia under the name 'AIR Pneumo.' The project began in Thailand and expanded to other countries, especially in the ASEAN region. It has been supported by the National Institute for Occupation Safety and Health (NIOSH). A memorandum of cooperation was signed to maintain the training standards of the program at an international level and to address the shortage of NIOSH B Readers in the region. The training courses and examinations have been organized in Thailand. The transition from filmbased radiographs to digital imaging presents a future challenge for AIR Pneumo's operations, which aligns with the World Health Organization's policy to eliminate pneumoconiosis.
DISTRIBUTION PATTERN, SOURCES AND ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT OF POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHs) IN SEDIMENTS OF WARRI RIVER, NIGER DELTA, NIGERIA
Authors: Okonkwo E. A. , Nwajei G. O. , Agbaire P. O. , Tesi G. O.
Published: February 2025

The distribution, pollution sources and ecological risk of the 16 priority PAHs were investigated in surface sediments of the Warri River, Niger Delta Nigeria. Sediment samples were collected from six points along the river during the wet and dry seasons. The concentrations of PAHs were determined using gas chromatography equipped with flame ionization detector after ultra-sonication with hexane and dichloromethane. The mean concentrations of the ?16 PAHs in the sediments ranged from 1158 to 1993 µg/kg for the entire study period. The concentrations of ?16 PAHs during the wet season were significantly higher than those of the dry season. The 3-ring PAHs were the dominant PAH compounds in the sediments. The sources and ecological risk of PAHs were assessed using diagnostic ratios and sediment quality guidelines (SQGs) respectively. The diagnostic ratios revealed that PAHs in the sediment of Warri River originated mainly from pyrogenic and petrogenic sources with greater inputs from pyrogenic sources. The ecological risk evaluation of PAHs in these sediments indicated low toxicity and that they would pose little or no ecological risk.
HEAVY METALS CONTAMINATION OF WATER, ELEPHANT GRASS - Pennisetum purpureum, AND SOIL OF OGINI, DELTA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ataikiru H. O. , Ughabojo G. , Balogun M. A. , Omosigho H. N.
Published: February 2025

The impact of petroleum exploration activities on the concentration levels of iron [Fe], zinc [Zn], copper [Cu], lead [Pb], and chromium [Cr] in the water, vegetation, and soil of Ogini was assessed. Samples were collected from water effluent, soil, and elephant grass leaves around the flow station. Atomic absorption spectrophotometer techniques were employed to analyze sample solutions. Results indicated varying heavy metal concentrations in the samples. Topsoil samples contained 18.50-27.10 mg/kg Fe, 16.30-19.40 mg/kg Zn, 1.81-2.44 mg/kg Cu, 0.64-2.33 mg/kg Pb, and 0.10-0.81 mg/kg Cr. Bottom soil had 19.30-27.10 mg/kg Fe, 17.90-23.00 mg/kg Zn, 3.01-4.20 mg/kg Cu, 0.91-3.33 mg/kb Pb, and 0.40-0.91 mg/Kg Cr. Background samples were 3.00 ± 1.70 mg/kg Fe, 4.27 ± 0.15 mg/kg Zn, 3.07 ± 0.06 mg/kg Cu, 1.67 ± 0.25 mg/kg Pb, and 0.93 ± 0.11 mg/kg Cr. Mean concentrations of heavy metals in water samples were 2.30 ± 0.45 mg/l Fe, 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/l Zn, 0.01 ± 0.01 mg/l Cu, 0.05 ± 0.00 mg/l Pb, and 0.01 ± 0.001 mg/l Cr. Mean concentration levels in elephant grass leaves were 9.32 ± 0.45 mg/kg Fe, 8.65 ± 0.35 mg/kg Zn, 3.08 ± 0.44 mg/kg Cu, 2.11 ± 0.20 mg/kg Pb, and 0.47 ± 0.11 mg/kg Cr, exceeding control sample values. Levels of Zn, Pb, and Cr in elephant grass leaves exceeded WHO/FAO toxicity reference values, except for Cu. Fe and Zn samples surpassed background soil samples, suggesting potential environmental implications of petroleum exploration activities.
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITIONS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF Bobgunnia fistuloides LEAVES.
Authors: Okafor J. E. , Mann A. A. , Olu J. O.
Published: February 2025

The phytochemical and proximate compositions of Bobgunnia fistuloides was investigated.The sample was collected from Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. Maceration method of extraction was used for crude extraction, using methanol. Phytochemical and proximate compositions of crude extract was carried out using standard methods. Phytochemical composition revealed that the medicinal plants have appreciable amount of secondary metabolites. Glycosides (5.08%), Alkaloids:( 43.33%), Saponins (42.75%), Steroids (293.52)% and Flavonoids (55.31%). Proximate analysis of the sample gave moisture content10.39 %, Ash: (3.86%), Carbohydrate: (54.73%), Crude lipid): (5.81%), Crude protein:(21.85%), Crude fibre:(3.36%) respectively. It could be concluded that Bobgunnia fistuloides has some amount of nutrients and bioactive secondary metabolites that could be exploited for use in modern system of healthcare.
ELECTROCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF NON-ENZYMATIC GLUCOSE BIOSENSOR BASED ON SILVER NANOPARTICLE (AgNPs) STABILIZED WITH SODIUM TRIPOLYPHOSPHATE (NaTPP) CROSS-LINKED CHITOSAN.
Authors: Bamigbade A. A. , Oduntan K. D. , Sulaiman T. R. , Ayeni I. , Olaniyan J. O. , Akiode K. O.
Published: February 2025

The development of non-enzymatic glucose biosensor has garnered significant attention the recent research. This interest arises primarily from the limitations associated with enzyme-based sensors, which, despite their remarkable sensitivity and selectivity, face challenges such as inadequate stability, complex enzyme immobilization process, and stringent operational conditions including optimal temperature, and issues with reproducibility. This study presents a cost-effective and biocompatible non-enzymatic glucose biosensor utilizing silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) stabilized with sodium tripolyphosphate (NaTTP) cross-linked chitosan. The AgNPs were synthesized and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffractometry (XRD), and Scanning electron Microscopy (SEM). XRD analysis revealed the crystalline size of the AgNPs, while the SEM images indicated a spherical morphology with a non-uniform granular structure, which can be attributed to the bio mediated ionic gelation process. The FTIR spectrum displayed peaks between 1054-1645 cm-1, indicating the formation of phosphonate bond between the –NH3+ groups of chitosan and the –PO32- moieties of NaTTP during cross-linking process. The direct electron transfer and electro-catalytic properties of the AgNPs modified glassy carbon electrode (AgNPGCE) were examined through Potentiometric methods. The electro-catlytic oxidation of glucose at the AgNPGCE surface, along with the underlying mechanism of glucose oxidation, was elucidated through cyclic voltammetry. The AgNPGCE demonstrated superior electrochemical performance in response to glucose, exhibiting high sensitivity at +0.54 V.
QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF SOME SELECTED TOOTHPASTES USED IN NIGERIA
Authors: Omosigho H. N. , Balogun M. A. , Ataikiru H. O. , Obetta L. C.
Published: February 2025

Toothpaste is a gel that is used with toothbrush to clean the teeth. They are of different brands from different manufacturing companies hence, are made up of different compositions. In this research work, quality assessment of different toothpastes used in Nigeria were investigated. Five different brands of toothpaste were purchased in Edjeba market Warri Delta State, Nigeria and the physical parameters, and heavy metals were analysed in them. Physical parameters; the pH level of the toothpastes were determined using pH meter, the moisture and volatile contents were determined using a recommended method, the heavy metals (Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Zinc (Zn), Manganese (Mn) and Lead (Pb)) were determined using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). From the results obtained, the pH value of these toothpastes were within 6.59 to 7.03, all the toothpastes fell within the NAFDAC recommended pH range of 6.5 to 7.5. The moisture and volatile contents of the toothpastes were within the range of 3.1 to 7.4 which were within the range set by NAFDAC. The heavy metals; Cd, Cu, Zn, Mn and Pb were detected in all the toothpastes samples. The level of Cd ranged from 2.470 to 2.952, Cu level was between 0.096 to 5.165, the level of Zn ranged from 13.396 to 24.164, Mn concentration ranged from 1.700 to 3.402 and Pb level was between 4.917 to 6.113. The results of the concentration of heavy metals in the samples shows that some of the toothpastes contains heavy metal in an amount higher than the set standards and may pose health problems to the consumers. Hence, there is need to educate the users on the danger of swallowing toothpaste and how to properly use them especially for children and pregnant women to ensure safety.
CHEMICAL AND TEXTURAL PROPERTIES OF CROP RESIDUE PERTINENT TO THEIR APPLICATION IN THE REMEDIATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
Authors: Abuah I. F. , Ebojie E. I. , Isakpona G. S. , Okoh C. O. , Omogiate O. M. , Omoragbon I. D. , Oshiagwu J. P. , Ugbo F. E. , Ejimadu C. M. , Okieimen F. E.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the chemical and textural properties of cassava peel (CP), groundnut husk (GH), and plantain peel (PP) to evaluate their potential in remediating contaminated soils. The physicochemical properties, including pH (CP: 7.18 ± 0.03, GH: 6.60 ± 0.26, PP: 7.40 ± 0.00), bulk density (CP: 0.33 ± 0.01 g/ml, GH: 0.43 ± 0.00 g/ml, PP: 0.51 ± 0.01 g/ml), and electrical conductivity (CP: 3.02 ± 0.07 mS/cm, GH: 4.47 ± 0.01 mS/cm, PP: 6.64 ± 0.97 mS/cm), indicate their ability to enhance soil conditions and microbial activity. BET analysis reveals that plantain peels have the largest specific surface area (440.49 m²/g), enhancing their adsorption capacity for contaminants, while groundnut husks have the highest pore volume (1.70 cm³/g), promoting microbial growth and nutrient retention. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis shows that cassava peel biomass has a low pore size structure and irregular shapes, while groundnut husk and plantain peel biomass are non-porous. Surface oxygen functional groups, such as carboxylic acid, lactonic, and phenolic groups, were analyzed, revealing their capacity to immobilize heavy metals and reduce their mobility. In addition, the heavy metal content of these biomasses is within safe limits, ensuring they do not contribute to additional contamination. Elemental analysis highlights essential nutrients, such as carbon, oxygen, and calcium, as well as iron, nitrogen, magnesium, potassium and phosphorus improving soil fertility and supporting microbial activity crucial for bioremediation. The study concludes that CP, GH, and PP possess favorable properties for effective soil remediation, making them valuable for sustainable soil management.
SPECTROSCOPIC EVALUATION AND HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF MICROPLASTICS (MPs) IN BOTTLED WATER SAMPLES SOLD IN ABAKALIKI, NIGERIA
Authors: Ogbuewu I. , Nnaji J.C. , Otuokere I.E.
Published: February 2025

The evaluation of microplastics (MPs) in bottled water samples sold in the Abakaliki metropolis was investigated. The absorption peak of the infrared spectroscopy (IR) obtained were 1397, 1636, 1830, 2303, 3261, and 3749 cm-1for sample A1; 1640 cm-1, 2117 cm-1, 3268 cm-1 for A2; while A3, A4 and A5 samples were respectively: 1640 cm-1, 2120 cm-1, 3268 cm-1; 1640 cm-1, 2124 cm-1, 3268 cm-1; 1640 cm-1, 2105 cm- 1 and 3273 cm-1. The functional groups that correspond to the absorption peak of samples A1 to A5 were C=C, C=O, O-H, and an additional C-O for sample A1. Interestingly, all the studied samples were absorbed at 1640 cm-1 while other absorption peaks varied. The particle size of the sample ranged from 17.20 particle/0.75L sample A5 to 44.63 particle/0.75L sample A3. The predominant shape of the microplastic detected was granules. Microplastic pollution load index (MPPLI), micro-plastic contamination factor (MPCF), and the estimated daily intake (EDI) for both children and adults were determined. The MPCF values obtained ranged from 1.00 for sample A1 to 2.59 for sample A3 and followed the profile A5<A1<A4<A2<A3. The result for EDI for adults was less than 1 except in samples A2 and A3 which were slightly greater than 1. The EDI for children ranged from 2.06 samples A5 to 5.36 samples A3. The EDI result showed that children consume more microplastics than adults. The MPPLI was obtained to be 1.58. The microplastic abundance was calculated as 12 % for samples A1 and A5, 21 % for sample A4, 24 % for sample A2, and 31 % abundance for sample A3.
CHEMICAL, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIBACTERIAL STUDIES OF Monodora myristica SEED EXTRACT AND MOLECULAR DOCKING OF THE PROMINENT COMPOUNDS
Authors: Igwe O. U. , Iroha U. E. , Otuokere I. E.
Published: February 2025

Petroleum ether extract of the seed endosperms of Monodora myristica was subjected to GC/MS analysis and twelve compounds were identified. The compounds were classified as fatty acids (38.897 %), terpenes and terpenoids (29.133 %), salicyclohydrazine (19.626 %), carboxylic acid (8.124 %) flavonoid (2.352 %), benzoic acid ester (1.166 %), and phenolic compound (0.700 %). The extract showed significant antioxidant activities of 72.51 and 96.22 % at minimum and maximum concentrations of 25 and 400 ?g/ml, respectively. The antioxidant activity results obtained are comparable to that of vitamin C used as a standard antioxidant agent. The extract also showed antibacterial potency against five strains of bacteria organisms which included Escherichia coli (gram-negative), Klebsiella pneumoniae (gram-negative), Shigella flexneri (gram-negative), Streptococcus pneumonia (gram-positive) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (gram-positive). The highest inhibition was shown against S. flexneri while the lowest inhibition was against S. pneumoniae. Gentamicin was used as a standard antibacterial agent and the results showed the extract to be far more efficacious than gentamicin against the bacteria organisms tested. The extract of the seeds of M. myristica could be used as antioxidant and antibacterial agent for the treatment of diseases caused by these pathogens as well as diseases mediated by free radicals. Molecular docking simulation showed that all the test compounds gave negative binding affinities which indicated that they were successfully docked to the receptors. The compounds' in-silicoADME and drug-likeness predictions demonstrated good pharmacokinetic characteristics, including high blood-brain barrier absorption, oral bioavailability, and water solubility. The results of this study make these compounds much more relevant as viable lead prospects for treating bacteria that are resistant to several drugs. This could aid medicinal chemists and other pharmaceutical specialists in developing and synthesising even more effective drug candidates.
AIR QUALITY ASSESSMENT AND PARTICULATE MATTER LEVELS IN SELECTED LOCATIONS OF JOS-SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, PLATEAU STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Dawit K. B. D. , Hassan U.F. , Adamu H.M. , Badamasi H. , Hassan H.F.
Published: February 2025

Air quality is a critical aspect of environmental health, as it directly impacts human well-being and the ecosystem. Monitoring and assessments of air quality levels, particularly the particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), are therefore absolutely essential. In this study, the levels of PM2.5 and PM10 were analyzed in some selected areas of Jos-South area using a portable CW-HAT 200 Dust Particles Counter. The finding of the study revealed that 70 % of PM2.5 and 100 % of PM10 in all the sampling sites exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO)’s threshold limit, with the highest level of PM2.5 of 1.014 mg/m³ recorded at Old Airport Roundabout YG Way and the lowest level of 0.007 mg/m³ was observed at D.B. Zang Roundabout in comparison with the control. For PM10, the highest concentration of 0.039 mg/m³ was recorded at Old Airport Roundabout YG Way, while the lowest concentration of 0.012 mg/m³ was observed at Old Airport Roundabout Anguldi when compared with the control. There was a temporal variation in PM levels during the morning and afternoon, but the variations were not significant as confirmed by the independent t-test results (p = 0.05). Air Quality Index (AQI) analysis results indicated that the PM contributes to high pollution levels and significant human health concerns, particularly the PM2.5, which require urgent remediation strategies to safeguard public health and the environment.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF PALM OIL SOLD IN MAJOR MARKETS IN ABAKALIKI TOWN, SOUTH EAST NIGERIA, EBONYI STATE.
Authors: Eze N. O. , Ekebe M. N. , Nworie F. S. , Nwali C. J. , Ogbuewu I.
Published: February 2025

The investigation of the chemical properties of palm oil is crucial for understanding its quality, stability and potential application. This study examined the chemical composition of palm oil sold in the four major markets in Abakaliki town using standard analytical procedures. A total of twenty oil samples were examined, i.e. five oil samples from each market. The range of the values obtained are: Refractive Index (1.4647 ± 0.00 - 1.4657 ± 0.00), viscosity (40.11± 0.41 – 59.60 ± 0.01), acid value (13.39 ± 0.04 – 20.54 ± 0.41), saponification value (220.20 ± 1.07 – 223.92 ± 0.78), iodine value (28.89 ±1.03 – 33.9 ± 0.96 Wij), peroxide value (4.18 ± 0.07 - 6.12 ± 0.09 meq/kg) and moisture content 0.30 ± 0.00 - 0.33 ± 0.02%). The characteristics of the oil samples studied in most cases exceeded the FAO/WHO (CODEX Alimentarius) values, suggesting possible adulteration, contamination or improper storage. Some of the observed values were significantly different at p<0.05. The study recommended the adoption of effective monitoring systems and strict hygienic practices throughout the production chain to ensure the production of high-quality oil.
PRODUCTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES (Agnps) BY BIOLOGICAL (GREEN SYNTHESIS) METHOD FROM NEEM TREE LEAVES (Azadirachta Indica) FROM MULAI WARD, JERE L.G.A BORNO STATE NIGERIA.
Authors: Thliza B. A. , Moses E. , Nasir H. , Kolo M. T.
Published: February 2025

Nanotechnology is an advanced discipline of science and technology for dealing with material sizes on the nanoscale. Nanoparticles, which have a dimension of less than 100 nm are among those materials. In this study, five different neem tree leaf (Azadirachta indica) were collected from Mulai ward, Maiduguri Borno state and used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles synthesis for five different mM concentration (1 mM – 5 mM). Morphological and chemical characteristics of the highest yield synthesized AgNPs. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using, UV spectrum analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis were done. Color change from yellow to brown, and 400 nm surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak after were obtained. FT-IR showed 12 peaks with some functional groups contributing to the synthesis of Ag nanoparticle. XRD was done to determine the crystalline nature of AgNPs and the resulted peaks were found at (2?) 15. 5o ,23.2o, 26.4o. Other peaks at 2? values in AgNPs pattern can be ascribed to the residues of the organic content of the plant extract. It was determined that AgNps have elemental (Ag ) and spherical crystalline structure. The mean crystal size was calculated at prominent peak (15.5o ) using the Debye-Scherrer equation
PHYTOCHEMICAL AND FTIR SPECTROSCOPIC ANALYSIS OF BALANITESaegyptiacaSEED AND STEM BARK EXTRACT
Authors: Rickson N. H. , Inyanda D. O. , Samuel H. S. , Jafar M. , Sunday E. S. , Etim E. E.
Published: February 2025

With various applications, Balanites aegyptiaca (Desert Date) is a traditional remedy for jaundice, intestinal worm infection, syphilis, malaria, dysentery amongst others but despite its good medicinal properties, it is still considered a lost crop because little or no attention has been put into using it for generation of modern medicines. Hexane and Methanol Extracts from seed and Stem Bark of the plant were analyzed for the presence of phytochemicals and the extract and isolates were also analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. The result of the analysis revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, resin and other bioactive compounds. The seed FT-IR analysis of Balanites aegyptiaca showed peaks at 3240.63 cm-1 which corresponded to an O-H stretching typical for an aromatic ring. The peaks at 3567.36 cm-1, 2921.98 cm-1, 2359.42 cm-1, 1743.48 cm-1, 1653.33 cm-1 and 1130.91 cm-1 corresponded to C?C stretching typical for alkyne, C-H stretching typical for alkane, C-O stretching typical for Ester, C-C stretching typical for alkane and C-O bending typical for carboxylic acid. The stem bark FT-IR analysis of Balanites aegyptiaca showed peaks at 3396.29 cm-1 and 3374.85 cm-1 representing the bonded –OH group corresponding to aromatic rings of phenol. Peaks at 1065.00cm-1, 1734.06cm-1, 1706.71cm-1, 1230.95cm- 1, 1175.12cm-1 and 1734.06cm-1 was associated to C-O stretching typical for esters. The study would help in developing new economic opportunities for rural communities through cultivation, processing, and commercialization of the plant. Additionally, it could promote environmental sustainability by encouraging the use of locally available resources.
CHEMICAL COMPOSITION, ANTIMICROBIAL AND DOCKING STUDIES OF CHLOROFORM EXTRACTS OF Piliostigma thonningii LEAVES AND SEEDS
Authors: Igwe O. U. , Ejezie M. U. , Otuokere I. E.
Published: February 2025

Piliostigma thonningii is one of the African’s medicinal plants that is used in ethnomedicine for wound healing and treatment of inflammations, bacterial infections, diarrhoea, worms’ infestation, stomach ache and headache. Chemical studies of the chloroform extracts of the leaves and seeds of the plant using GC-MS technique revealed the presence of 18 and 9 compounds respectively. The antibacterial activity screening of the extracts were studied using hospital isolates of five pathogenic bacteria organisms. Its activity at a varying concentrations of 150, 75, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 mg/ml was investigated against S. aereus, B. cereus, E. coli, S. typhi and P. aeruginosa using agar well diffusion method. The result showed that the extract of the leaf exhibited activity against three micro-organisms in a concentration-dependent pattern, with the highest growth inhibition seen in S. aereus and the lowest growth in S. typhi with MIC of 25 and 75 mg/ml respectively while the seed showed inhibition activity against two microorganisms in a concentration-dependent manner, with the highest growth inhibition seen in S. aereus and the lowest growth in E. coli with MIC of 50 and 75 mg/ml respectively. The result of this research work revealed that P. thonningii has a lot of phytochemicals which might be responsible for its therapeutic potentials in ethnomedicine. The compounds exhibited negative binding affinities in the molecular docking studies. This suggests the potential of the compounds to inhibit the growth of the bacteria species.The results emphasize the therapeutic potential of P. thonningii leaves and seeds extract as a natural source of bioactive compounds with antibacterial activities. This highlights the need for more research to explore its potential use in pharmaceutical applications.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF TRITERPENOIDS FROM Brachystegia eurycoma
Authors: Ahile S. K. , Ichoron N. , Anyam J.V. , Tor-Anyiin T. A. , Igoli J. O.
Published: February 2025

Antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, necessitating the search for novel antimicrobial agents. Natural products offer promising alternatives due to their structural diversity and evolutionary refinement. The antibacterial activity of crude extracts of the stem bark of Brachystegia eurycoma against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin-resistant Escherichia coli (VRE) was investigated. The stem bark was extracted using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol, then column chromatography led to the isolation of friedelan-3-one, 2-hydroxy lupeol, and prunetin. The ethyl acetate extract exhibited the highest activity with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 45.0 µg/mL for MRSA and 10.0 µg/mL for VRE. The study highlights the potential of B. eurycoma as a source of bioactive compounds for antibiotic drug development.
MOLECULAR MODELING ANALYSIS OF PER- AND POLYFLUOROALKYL SUBSTANCES BINDING ON HUMAN FERTILIZATION PROTEINS- IZUMO1 AND EGG SURFACE JUNO
Authors: Nnabuchi M. A. , Duru C. E. , Kalu G. I.
Published: February 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been increasingly utilized in commercial products despite growing concerns over their potential toxicological effects on human health. This study employed computational modeling to elucidate the binding interactions of PFAS with human fertilization proteins, specifically IZUMO1 and egg surface Juno targets. Molecular docking simulations revealed that out of the nineteen studied PFAS, Perfluoro?3,6?dioxaheptanoic acid (PFDHA) (-6.0 kcal/mol) and 4,8?Dioxa?3H?perfluorononanoic acid (ADONA) (-5.9 kcal/mol) exhibited high binding affinity for IZUMO1. In contrast, perfluorotridecanoic acid (PFTriA) (-7.5 kcal/mol) and 2H,2H,3H,3H?perfluorooctanoic acid 5:3 acid (5:3FTCA) (-7.0 kcal/mol) demonstrated high binding affinity for egg surface Juno. Notably, 5:3FTCA displayed high potential for simultaneous binding to both targets. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed the high stability of PFDHA and PFTriA at their respective targets, suggesting potential disruptions to the human fertilization process. These findings imply that PFAS may pose significant reproductive toxicity, warranting further research to elucidate their mechanisms of action and develop effective countermeasures to mitigate their deleterious effects on human reproductive health.
WEED FLORA COMPOSITION IN EXCEPTIONALLY HOT AND DRY YEARS
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, Meseldžija Maja , Dudić Milica ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia, Begović Radovan ,   Kite doo Novi Sad, Čenej, Serbia, Vranešević Milica ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Maize crops are affected by weeds which can reduce yield and by climate change which can positively or negatively affect both crops and weeds. The aim of study was analysis of weed species (biological and ecological characteristics) in maize weed community under extreme climate conditions. The investigation was performed during the maize vegetation season in 2017 and 2024, as exceptionally dry and hot years. The weed flora in maize consisted of 12 species in 2017 and 10 species in 2024, with dominance of broadleaf weeds. The most represented life forms were therophytes (75% and 80% through the years), with a significant dominance of weed ruderal species. Ecological analysis indicated that the maize agroecosystems were moderately dry (Fx̄ = 2.31), neutral in pH value (Rx̄ = 3.30), eutrophic (Nx̄ = 3.81), moderately rich in humus (Hx̄ = 2.87), well-aerated (Dx̄ = 3.37), warm (Tx̄ = 4.31), lighted (Lx̄ =3.93) and unsalted (S– =75%; S+ = 25%). These species are adapted to the moderate continental climate conditions (Kx̄ = 3.12). The variations in weed population observed between two years in the studied areas can be attributed to climate conditions, which play a crucial role on life cycle duration, weed spread and population dynamics. In 2017 most common weeds were Ambrosia artemisiifolia (14.25 weeds m-2) and Chenopodium album (32.50 weeds m-2), with a total weeds abundance of 99.75 weeds m-2. In 2024, which was warmer and with less precipitation during the vegetative period, the dominant weed species was Setaria viridis (10.50 weeds m-2) with total weeds abundance of 22.50 weeds m-2. Results showed that weeds in maize fields undergo notable shifts over time driven by climate change and site-specific factors in relation to long-term average of temperature and precipitation.
MPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, Konstantinović Bojan , Popov Milena ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, Samardžić Nataša ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, Stojanović Tijana ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia, Ugrinov Stefan ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Agriculture, Novi Sad, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Climate change is one of the most pressing global challenges of the 21st century, influencing various ecological processes and species distributions. One of the many species affected by these changes is Ambrosia artemisiifolia, a plant native to North America that has established itself in various regions and successfully spread to all continents except Antarctica over the last two centuries. Known for its potent allergenic pollen, common ragweed presents a significant threat to public health, agriculture, and ecosystems. As climate change continues to alter environmental conditions, its spread and impact are likely to intensify. Climatic changes have become increasingly evident in Serbia, particularly over the last two decades. In our region, we are witnessing hotter summers and a growing imbalance in rainfall during the growing season. However, these conditions did not limit the spread of ragweed, which has become increasingly common in Serbia, particularly in ruderal habitats.
OPORTUNITIES FOR SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION – ANALYSIS OF THE CITIZENS ATTITUDES IN EASTERN SERBIA
Authors:   High School of Health and Sanitation of Vocational Studies „Visan“, Belgrade, Serbia, Stevanović Marija , Jovanović Violeta ,   Metropolitan University, Faculty of Managemnt, Belgrade, Serbia, Vojvodić Marko ,   High School of Health and Sanitation of Vocational Studies „Visan“, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Sustainable food production is becoming an increasingly important aspect in the fight against climate change and the protection of natural resources. The aim of the paper is to investigate the citizens attitudes of Eastern Serbia towards sustainable food production and the factors that influence their willingness to support sustainable practices. The survey analyzed key attitudes about the benefits and challenges of sustainable agriculture, which were statistically processed and presented in the paper. The results show a high level of awareness of the importance of sustainability, but also insufficient information about concrete steps, and guidelines are proposed for improving education and promotion of sustainable production in this region.
ASSESSMENT OF CRITICAL METEOROLOGICAL AND EDAPHIC DATA FOR DROUGHT FORECASTING
Authors:   High School of Health and Sanitation of Vocational Studies „Visan“, Belgrade, Serbia, Stevanović Marija , Milovančević Miloš ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Niš, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Drought is a complex and expensive natural hazard, and the identification of essential drought components is vital for modelling and predicting droughts, hence facilitating the development of mitigation strategies in both spatial and temporal contexts. This project aims to use an adaptable neural fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to categorise meteorological and soil data for drought forecasting. Accurate forecasting of droughts is essential for sustainable water management and for preventing significant harm to agricultural productivity and the economy of an area. The gradual emergence of droughts complicates their detection, although it simultaneously provides several chances for forecasting before to, during, and after an occurrence. Specific humidity at 2 meters above the ground has the greatest effect on drought measurement variability. The combination of specific humidity at 2 meters and surface temperature exhibits the lowest training error, hence exerting the greatest effect on the assessment of drought severity. The findings from this research may provide valuable insights for early agricultural drought alerts.
THE ROLE OF NATURAL BIOSTIMULANTS IN CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: ASCOPHYLLUM NODOSUM’S IMPACT ON ALFALFA YIELD
Authors:   Institute of Public Health of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Sekulić Zoran Ž. , Đurović Sanja ,   Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia, Pisinov Boris ,   Institute for Plant Protection and Environment, Belgrade, Serbia, Stamenić Tamara ,   Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, Petričević Maja ,   Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, Radojičić Maša ,   Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia, Keškić Tanja ,   Institute for Animal Husbandry, Belgrade-Zemun, Serbia
Published: February 2025

In the context of growing challenges posed by climate change, sustainable agriculture increasingly recognizes the importance of biostimulants derived from natural bioactive molecules, which offer an ecological alternative to synthetic fertilizers. The significant variability in bioactive compounds and sources of biostimulants highlights a broad spectrum of potential solutions for improving crop yields and enhancing plant stress tolerance, particularly in response to climate-induced stresses such as drought and temperature extremes. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of Ascophyllum nodosum liquid extract as a biostimulant in promoting the growth and yield of the hybrid alfalfa variety Banat VS during its first year of vegetation. The experiment was conducted under the agroecological conditions of the Banat region in the eastern part of Vojvodina, Republic of Serbia. Alfalfa seeds were treated by irrigation with liquid seaweed extract, and their effect on yield was assessed after three harvests. The average mass of treated plants was 19.82 g, representing a 4.6% increase compared to the control group (18.95 g). In addition to quantitative results, treated plants demonstrated an accelerated flowering phase and a higher percentage of inflorescences compared to control samples. The application of Ascophyllum nodosum-based biostimulant significantly enhanced the vegetative growth and yield of alfalfa, confirming its potential in sustainable agriculture. These findings highlight the efficacy of biostimulants in stimulating plant growth, particularly under challenging growth conditions that may become more frequent due to climate variability.
ECOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE, BIOCHEMICAL ACTIVITY AND PROTECTION OF PLANT TAXONS
Authors:   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia, Šarčević-Todosijević Ljubica , Vojvodić Kristina ,   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia, Perić Marija ,   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia, Pejović Janko ,   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia, Đorđević Nikola ,   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia, Zuber Andrijana ,   Sanitary Medical School of Applied Sciences “Visan”, Belgrade, Serbia,   Nutrition Center dr Andrijana Zuber, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Photosynthesis is the most important life process of plants, which enables the existence of life on planet Earth. Photosynthesis, which represents the primary production of organic matter, produces food for all organisms connected by food chains in ecosystems. The secondary metabolites of plants have long been considered biologically unimportant, but interest in these natural products has also been fueled by their widespread use as dyes, polymers, perfumes, drugs, and biopesticides. The paper uses the method of data analysis, which was collected from certain scientific studies, including scientific studies conducted by the authors. The importance and protection of plant taxons are discussed, with special reference to their biochemical activity and possibilities of application as medicines and biopesticides. Based on the review of available literature data, it is concluded that plants are not only organisms that enable and support the existence of life on planet Earth, but are also used in industry, medicine, pharmacy and agriculture. Also, they neutralize the negative effect of climate change. Within the measures for the protection of the entire biodiversity, the protection of plant taxons is very important.
INNOVATION IN SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE
Authors:   Institute for the Application of Science in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia, Ivetić Aleksandra , Karabasil Nedjeljko ,   Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia, Stojanović Bojan ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia, Ćosić Milivoje ,   University of Bijeljina, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Stanković Slađan ,   Institute for the Application of Science in Agriculture, Belgrade, Serbia, Milošević Božidar ,   University of Priština temporarily settled in Kosovska Mitrovica, Faculty of Agriculture, Lešak, Serbia, Stojković Blagoje ,   Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2025

The transformative period in agriculture is characterized by using novel technology which significantly changes the agricultural sector. According to the FAO, agriculture to be sustainable must meet the needs of present and future generations, while ensuring profitability, environmental health, and social and economic equity. Sustainable agricultural systems offer ecosystem services, products, and scientific methods in a way that protects and improves the natural environment, and the social and economic conditions of farmers, and local communities while minimizing further environmental degradation. The United Nations Sustainable Development Goals consist of 17 goals designed to address critical environmental, social, and economic challenges. The Sustainable Development Report is a global assessment of countries’ progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). It is a complement to the official SDG indicators and the voluntary national reviews. For the countries in the region, their ranking levels and scores are: 8. Croatia (82.19), 11. Slovenia (81.34), 20. Hungary (79.53), 29. Greece (78.17), 35. Serbia (77.03), 40. Romania (76.70), 42. Albania (75.03), 50. Bosnia and Herzegovina (73.99), 51. North Macedonia (73.80), and 57. Montenegro (73.05). The Spillover Index of the UN assesses such spillovers along three dimensions: environmental and social impacts embodied in trade, economy and finance, and security. A higher score means that a country causes more positive and fewer negative spillover effects. For Serbia, the spillover score is 85.98/100, and the spillover rank: is 106/166, which indicates that positive changes are made and improvements for the achievement of the sustainability goals.
THE IMPORTANCE OF INNOVATION POLICY FOR SUSTAINABLE TRANSFORMATION OF AGRICULTURE IN SERBIA
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Economics, Serbia, Simić Jovana , Miletić Dragan ,   Sanitary medical school of applied sciences VISAN, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: February 2025

Innovation in agriculture is increasingly recognized as a critical driver of sustainable economic growth, particularly in developing countries like Serbia. The agricultural sector in Serbia plays a vital role in the national economy, necessitating a shift towards sustainable agricultural practices that leverage innovation and technology. Government support is essential for fostering an innovative agricultural environment. Effective policies that promote agricultural extension services and provide financial assistance are crucial for encouraging farmers to adopt new technologies and practices. Given the centralized system of innovation support, Serbian government has a pivotal role in creating a conducive regulatory framework that not only facilitates innovation but also addresses the unique challenges faced by the agricultural sector, such as land management and environmental sustainability. This paper examines specific ways in which public support for innovation in agricultural sector is carried out inSerbia, mainly through analyzing the activities of the Innovation Fund of Serbia.