bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ШЛЯХИ ПОГЛИБЛЕННЯ РАЦІОНАЛЬНОСТІ СИСТЕМИ ПУБЛІЧНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ ЯК СКЛАДОВОЇ СОЦІАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ
Authors: ДМИТРЕНКО Геннадій , ЧАУСОВ Анатолій
Published: February 2022

Визначено актуальність проблеми низького рівня громадянської самодостатності українського суспільства, що не дозволило сформувати раціональну діяльність державної влади. Розкрито сутність раціонального управління як на рівні державного управління так і на рівні будь-якої організації. Визначаються фундаментальні помилки державного управління в Україні за останні 30 років, представлено їх наслідки. Раціональне державне управління розглядається як збалансоване управління в певних межах між необхідністю задоволення потреб в існуванні цієї держави та задоволенням потреб її громадян через сприяння підвищенню якості їх життя у всіх сферах життєдіяльності. Фрагментарно розкрито метод визначення якості життя громадян певних територій за допомогою соціологічної системоутворюючої технології «Цифрове Віче». Завдяки впровадженню даної соціологічної технології з’явиться можливість визначати пріоритетні проблеми певних територіальних громад та вирішувати їх в першу чергу для зниження в суспільстві рівня соціальної напруги.
Розвиток системи військової освіти. Розроблення програмного документа Кабінету Міністрів України
Authors: Артамощенко В. С.
Published: February 2022

У статті наведено обґрунтування найменування, структури та змісту програмного документа Кабінету Міністрів України щодо розвитку системи військової освіти та підготовки військових кадрів сил оборони на основі принципів і стандартів НАТО. Визначено, що розпорядженням Кабінету Міністрів України затверджуватиметься Концепція розвитку системи військової освіти України.
Підкреслено, що підґрунтям концепції є метод оцінювання спільних спроможностей за складовими DOTMLPFI, критерії SMART і SWOT-аналіз. Формулювання причин виникнення проблеми, обґрунтування шляхів її розв’язання та оцінювання очікуваних результатів реалізації концепції структуровано за складовими DOTMLPFI.
Концепція призначена для формування єдиних поглядів державних органів сектору безпеки та оборони на процеси розвитку системи військової освіти на основі спроможностей та програмно-проєктного управління розвитком системи.
Гібридний характер сучасного тероризму: поняття, сутність і небезпека поширення
Authors: Гудзь А. М.
Published: February 2022

У статті на базі існуючих характеристик проаналізовано соціально-політичну природу сучасного тероризму, мотиви та особливості його розвитку. Установлено основні трансформаційні тенденції сучасної терористичної загрози. Виявлені потенційні чинники впливу радикальної пропаганди на населення, зокрема на молодь України, з використанням досягнень сучасної науки і техніки та сучасних засобів комунікації.
Conflictos y alcances del derecho fundamental a la salud y la aproximación a otros derechos. Ley 1751 de 2015
Authors: Ocampo Arroyave Juan Camilo
Published: February 2022

Los derechos del paciente ratifican normas provenientes de fundamentaciones humanísticas donde ciertas reglas no infieren sí más su corrección ética, es decir, su relación con los principios del buen actuar, la buena fe. La doble versión de consenso factico se sostiene por las circunstancias externas que manifiestan la interferencia jurídica porque refleja un factor estrictamente jurídico amparando los derechos del paciente. La dimensión proteccionista establecida por la Ley 1751 de 2015, trasciende a un estado de cosas jurídicamente buenas o jurídicamente incorrectos, ya que la carga jurídica trazada por la ley, sí bien reconoce los derechos básicos del paciente, no cubre los extremos de mayor grado los cuales tiene superioridad frente a los derechos reconocidos legalmente. Las reglas se sitúan en dos niveles diferentes: en el primero, el ámbito funcional, explicativo, basado en el derecho público con las características que envuelven teóricamente los derechos de primera necesidad, aquellos servicios básicos relacionados con la prevención, medicamentos e higiene; en el segundo, el factor moral en el que se expresa que contenido ha de tener la norma para cumplir sus fines fundamentales. El desarrollo de otros derechos puede ser importante para la validez del concepto y significa la garantía de los derechos, la aplicación y coacción del derecho. Esta postura puede ser importante para la cuestión de la conexión conceptual necesaria de los derechos.
Investigating Discourses of Indigeneity and Taino Survival in Jamaica
Authors: Haile Shenhat
Published: February 2022

In Jamaica, the longstanding notion of indigenous extinction through colonial violence and subsequent intermixing with enslaved Africans has led to widespread debate on the island regarding the legitimacy of Taíno survival. Colonial narratives attesting to the absolute decimation of original inhabitants throughout the Caribbean region have arguably created stagnant understandings of indigeneity in Jamaica into the 21st century. This paper seeks to investigate complex conceptualizations of indigeneity on the island and explore the ways in which the myth of extinction has persisted into the post-colonial period, along with the challenges related to the reconstruction of Taíno histories in Jamaica.
PRE-SERVICE TEACHERS’ APPROACHES TO GUIDING STUDENTS IN PROBLEM SOLVING PROCESS
Authors: Cumhur Fatma
Published: February 2022

Understanding students’ mathematical thinking in problem solving process plays an important role in facilitating the solution. Hence, teachers or pre-service teachers need to understand students’ thoughts and guide them to the correct answer. The aim of this study was to examine pre-service teachers’ approaches to guiding students in problem solving process. Designed as a case study, this study was carried out with five pre-service primary mathematics teachers. In the study, participants’ dialogues with 7th grade students were examined through 3 non-routine problems. The dialogues were transcribed and it was tried to reveal what kind of approaches the participants displayed. The content analysis was used in data analysis. The findings revealed that pre-service teachers followed Polya's problem-solving steps during their guiding approaches. Most pre-service teachers provided appropriate guidance in understanding the problem, selecting and implementing appropriate strategies for the problem; however, they failed to use the evaluative approaches sufficiently.
Keywords: guiding approaches, multiple case study, pre-service teacher, problem-solving
La terminología en administración
Authors: Cruz Soto Luis Antonio , Julián Peña Martha
Published: February 2022

El objetivo del artículo es analizar la situación actual de la terminología en la administración. El problema de investigación se afinca en ofrecer una exploración teórica e histórica en torno al lenguaje administrativo; la metodología consiste en realizar una revisión documental de algunos de los textos más significativos del pensamiento administrativo. Este trabajo se divide en tres apartados: el primero presenta una exploración conceptual sobre la terminología y el lenguaje especializado; en el segundo se examina la situación actual de la terminología administrativa, y finalmente se analizan los términos 'organización' y 'administración' para evidenciar la ambigüedad que padece el lenguaje administrativo. La principal conclusión señala que la terminología administrativa es imprecisa y ambigua, por lo que es necesario aspirar a un lenguaje especializado de la administración claro y preciso.
Giro decolonial y colonialidad epistémica en la teoría y los estudios de la organización. Propuesta de investigación en colaboración.
Authors: Mazzotti Pabello Giovanna M.
Published: February 2022

Este trabajo se enmarca en el giro decolonial y los estudios latinoamericanos críticos del management. Apunta al distanciamiento de la colonialidad epistémica de los estudios y la teoría de la organización, así como de la monocultura racional que impone la modernidad/posmodernidad organizacional. Profundiza en la crítica de dos asuntos: las formas en que se ha establecido como científico el conocimiento ordenado y simplificado del mundo (Ibarra-Colado, 2006), y el privilegio epistémico del científico que se sitúa en un imaginario punto cero (Castro-Gómez, 2010) y convierte en universal al conocimiento derivado de la experiencia histórica de 4 o 5 países (Santos, 2010). Se propone la perspectiva decolonial y las prácticas colaborativas de investigaciónacción, para comprender las formas organizativas que no están limitadas por la monocultura racional.
Patrones culturales y decisiones de inversión en América Latina. Índices de Hofstede, religión y percepción de la corrupción.
Authors: Meneses Karla , Córdova Gabriela , Acosta Bernarda
Published: February 2022

Esta investigación busca demostrar que las decisiones de inversión fija en América Latina están determinadas no solo por los fundamentales macroeconómicos (ingreso y tasa de interés), sino también por las expectativas y los patrones culturales. Para definir los patrones culturales, se emplean las dimensiones propuestas por Hofstede, los índices de diversidad religiosa y de percepción de la corrupción. A partir de un modelo de panel de datos para siete países latinoamericanos, se muestra que todas las variables, a excepción del índice de masculinidad, son significativas para explicar la inversión fija en la región. Los resultados demuestran que, para fomentar la inversión, además de promover un ambiente de negocios estable, debe contemplarse el comportamiento y las preferencias de los individuos a partir de su perfil cultural.
AVALIAÇÃO DO COMPORTAMENTO MAGNÉTICO, APÓS CONFORMAÇÃO MECÂNICA, NOS AÇOS INOXIDAVEIS AUSTENÍTICOS AISI 304 E AISI 316L
Authors: Farah Alessandro Fraga , Farah Solange Pereira dos Santos , Maluf Omar , Silva Alessandro Marcio Hakme da , Boldrin Edson Luis
Published: February 2022

Os aços inoxidáveis têm sido amplamente utilizados nas indústrias nucleares, químicas e petroquímicas, devido às suas excelentes propriedades mecânicas e de resistência à corrosão, especialmente em ambientes agressivos e em muitos casos são utilizados os aços inoxidáveis da série 300 por não conter magnetismo. Entretanto, esses aços quando são submetidos a um processo de conformação mecânica, passam a apresentar magnetismo na parte externa da peça que sofreu a deformação. Este estudo tem como objetivo identificar alterações magnéticas e microestruturais sofridas após passarem por processo de conformação. Foram feitas análises em dois aços inoxidáveis, o AISI 304 e o AISI 316L, que passaram por processo de conformação mecânica (dobramento) e após isso foram feitas análises da microestrutura através de microscopia óptica e análise de magnetismo através de um Ferritoscópio.
GOVERNANÇA CORPORATIVA NA EMPRESA FAMILIAR: UM ESTUDO BIBLIOMÉTRICO SOBRE A EVOLUÇÃO DO TEMA NO PERÍODO DE 2011 A 2017
Authors: Kendy Tokimatu Lucas , Caligioni Rosemary Rocha , Sonia Arroyo Cristiane , Maemura Marcia Mitie Durante , Galli Lesley Carina do Lago Attadia
Published: February 2022

Este é um estudo bibliométrico sobre a evolução das pesquisas sobre o tema “Governança Corporativa na empresa familiar”, no período de 2011 a abril de 2017. O objetivo geral é produzir indicadores bibliométricos que mostrem como os estudos científicos sobre como o referido tema tem evoluído no cenário mundial. Considerou-se como base amostral os artigos publicados sobre empresa familiar na base de dados Scopus. Logo depois, foi realizado um estudo teórico, de caráter exploratório e abordagem quantitativa, utilizando a bibliometria como método de pesquisa. Foram selecionados e analisados 210 artigos por meio de técnicas de análise de gráficos. Chegou-se à conclusão que os estudos qualitativos sobre empresa familiar, no geral, possuem caráter mais teórico e prendem-se mais na análise documental carecendo de estudos que utilizem outras metodologias, enquanto isso, por outro lado, os estudos quantitativos passaram a utilizar mais a análise baseada na estatística multivariada do que a descritiva. Já a produção de estudos referente a governança corporativa, apesar de mostrar-se tímida, foram feitas de forma mais interconectadas com outros temas da empresa familiar. Recomenda-se maior valorização de estudos que empreguem metodologias mais diversas e maiores publicações de estudos sobre governança corporativa para o melhor entendimento da complexa realidade das empresas familiares.
AVALIAÇÃO DO GRAU DE SATISFAÇÃO DOS EGRESSOS DO CURSO DE ESPECIALIZAÇÃO EM LOGÍSTICA E OPERAÇÕES
Authors: Barros Laércio De Jesus
Published: February 2022

Essa pesquisa avaliou o grau de satisfação, na perspectiva de um grupo de 28 egressos do curso de Pós-graduação em Logística e Operações numa instituição de Ensino Pública Federal, concluintes em 2020. O questionário on-line, composto por 25 questões distribuídas em cinco blocos, foi divulgado no grupo dos egressos em redes sociais, e enviado para o e-mail. Utilizamos uma pesquisa do tipo survey com escala Likert de 5 pontos, para produzir descrições quantitativas. A análise dos resultados foi por por meio do Ranking Médio (RM) dos itens Likert dentro de cada categoria. Os resultados evidenciam que grande parte dos informantes aprova a atuação dos professores, considera satisfatório o grau de interesse do aluno, avalia positivamente o nivel de exigência do curso, e deixa claro que a organização do curso foi bem elaborada. Diante dessa descoberta ressaltamos o importante papel que o curso de Especialização em Logística e Operações, vem cumprindo no município onde se encontra situado, possibilitando a atuação de novos profissionais no mercado de trabalho, com formação específica e bastante satisfatória, na percepção dos egressos.
Pengaruh Pengendalian Internal Terhadp Kinerja Auditor Internal (Studi Pada Inspektorat Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)
Authors: Mirosea Nitri , Husin Husin , Asriani Nani
Published: February 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of internal control of work on the performance of internal auditors in the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Inspectorate. The population of this study is all auditors working in the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Inspectorate of 31 auditors The analytical method used is a simple linear regression analysis, namely the t test of Statistical Package For Social Sciences (SPSS) version of the test. 21.The results showed that internal control significantly influenced the performance of internal auditors in the Southeast Sulawesi Provincial Inspectorate. The coefficient of determination test shows an R Square value of 0.144, this shows that the ability of the independent variable is able to explain the dependent variable with a coefficient of determination of 14.4%, while the remaining 85.6% is explained by other variables not examined. This shows that the better the Internal Control is implemented, the better the quality of internal auditor performance.
Formación humana:
Authors: Vasquez Velasquez Ana María , Mora Olaya Leidy Johanna , Londoño Vásquez David Alberto , Pineda Castro Gustavo Enrique
Published: February 2022

En este artículo se presenta una reflexión sobre las tecnologías y la relación técnica-sujetocultura que se da en sociedad y le permite al sujeto construir un conocimiento científico que genere transformaciones significativas en las vidas, las experiencias o en las formas de convivir y habitar el mundo.Para ello, se abordan temáticas como la tecnología, el cuerpo, el sujeto y la formación humana, esta última vista como un instrumento de identidad sociocultural que se inscribe, a su vez, en un contexto donde se configura la construcción del yo, del nosotros y se abre a un diálogo intersubjetivo para definir de manera colectiva las realidades.Con la tecnología se han alcanzado cientos de beneficios para la humanidad en su historia, en la actualidad, el camino hacia la innovación y el desarrollo científico son necesidades vigentes en las agendas de los gobiernos en los cuáles se invierten recursos, esfuerzos y se contemplan expectativas de crecimiento. Es precisamente en medio de estas demandas sociales donde profundizar en el terreno de la formación y la educación cobra sentido en tanto se pueda repensar de qué manera convivimos con los avances, para qué los creamos, cómo estos artefactos hacen parte del yo o se instauran en el cuerpo, y se responde en términos de realización humana cuál es la vida que deseo.Finalmente, se concluye que las tecnologías no son una problemática cuando se les da un uso reflexivo en sociedad, es decir, se cuestionan desde diferentes perspectivas su rol e impacto. La formación en este sentido aportará la pregunta sobre la imagen social que se desea construir y de manera crítica analizará los cambios, las permanencias, los elementos inesperados desde lasospecha y no de una adopción sumisa para lograr aprender constantemente del entorno cuya característica principal es el bienestar y las relaciones interpersonales en un proceso de  humanización.
Efecto De La Personalidad Sobre El Recobro De Actos Violentos En Testigos
Authors: Sarmiento Gladys Hernandez , Parra Pirazán Angel , Quiroga-Baquero Luis Alberto
Published: February 2022

En el campo de investigación en psicología del testimonio se ha estudiado el efecto de múltiples factores psicológicos sobre la cantidad de detalles, la reproducción de conversaciones y las falsas memorias en el recobro de eventos autobiográficos. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar el efecto de la personalidad sobre el recobro de testigos presenciales de actos con violencia verbal y no verbal. Participaron 40 estudiantes de psicología divididos en cuatro grupos en términos de sus puntuaciones altas en los estilos de personalidad histriónica (Grupo 1), esquizoide (Grupo 2), obsesiva-compulsiva (Grupo 3), y un grupo control con puntuaciones promedio en dichos estilos (Grupo 4). Mediante una situación experimental se presentó a los participantes un video con contenido de violencia verbal o física; posteriormente se realizó una tarea de recobro libre y se evaluó la cantidad de detalles, la reproducción de conversaciones y las falsas memorias. Los resultados mostraron que los participantes del Grupo 1 evidenciaron recobros pobres en detalles, con deficiente precisión en la reproducción de conversaciones y ausencia de falsas memorias, mientras que los participantes de los grupos 2 y 3 recobraron la información con mayor cantidad de detalles y mayor precisión en la reproducción de conversaciones, aunque el Grupo 3 obtuvo la mayor cantidad de falsas memorias. Estos hallazgos son discutidos en términos de la relación entre la forma en que se recobra la información en los procesos de Memoria Autobiográfica en escenarios jurídicos, y que hay otros constructos asociados como la personalidad y la emoción que pueden influir en el testimonio.

Palabras Clave: Psicología del testimonio, recobro, personalidad, memoria autobiográfica, testimonio, contenido violento.
Exosomes Derived From miR-212-5p Overexpressed Human Synovial Mesenchymal Stem Cells Suppress Chondrocyte Degeneration and Inflammation by Targeting ELF3
Authors: Zheng Tianlei , Li Yan , Zhang Xiaozai , Xu Jia , Luo Ming
Published: February 2022

Excessive chondrocyte degeneration and inflammation are the pathological features of osteoarthritis (OA), and altered miR-212-5p may contribute to meniscus and cartilage degeneration. Whether exosomes derived from miR-212-5p overexpressed synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSC-212-5p-Exos) could be utilized to treat degenerative chondrocytes is investigated in this study. Down-regulated miR-212-5p and up-regulated E74 Like ETS Transcription Factor 3 (ELF3) expression were detected in OA synovial tissues, which showed a negative correlation (r = −0.55, p = 0.002). miR-212-5p directly targeted ELF3 and regulated the relative expression of ELF3 in SMSCs as indicated by luciferase reporter assay and RT-PCR. The relative expression of ELF3, chondrocyte degeneration-related molecules, matrix metalloproteinase, and inflammatory molecules were detected in chondrocytes stimulated with interleukin (IL)-1β or co-incubated with SMSC-212-5p-Exos or SMSCs-derived exosomes (SMSC-Exos). IL-1β induced up-regulation of ELF3, down-regulation of degeneration molecules (Collagen II, Aggrecan, and Sox9), up-regulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP-1, MMP-3, and MMP-13), and up-regulation of inflammatory molecules (IL-6, MCP-1, TNF-α, COX-2, and iNOS) could be inhibited by SMSC-212-5p-Exos or SMSC-Exos administration. When compared with the SMSC-Exos, SMSC-212-5p-Exos showed more treatment benefits. All of these indicate that SMSC-212-5p-Exos could suppress chondrocyte degeneration and inflammation by targeting ELF3, which can be considered as a disease-modifying strategy.
Using Omics to Study Leprosy, Tuberculosis, and Other Mycobacterial Diseases
Authors: Ahamad Naseem , Gupta Saurabh , Parashar Deepak
Published: February 2022

Mycobacteria are members of the Actinomycetales order, and they are classified into one family, Mycobacteriaceae. More than 20 mycobacterial species cause disease in humans. The Mycobacterium group, called the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), has nine closely related species that cause tuberculosis in animals and humans. TB can be detected worldwide and one-fourth of the world’s population is contaminated with tuberculosis. According to the WHO, about two million dies from it, and more than nine million people are newly infected with TB each year. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is the most potential causative agent of tuberculosis and prompts enormous mortality and morbidity worldwide due to the incompletely understood pathogenesis of human tuberculosis. Moreover, modern diagnostic approaches for human tuberculosis are inefficient and have many lacks, while MTBC species can modulate host immune response and escape host immune attacks to sustain in the human body. “Multi-omics” strategies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and deep sequencing technologies could be a comprehensive strategy to investigate the pathogenesis of mycobacterial species in humans and offer significant discovery to find out biomarkers at the early stage of disease in the host. Thus, in this review, we attempt to understand an overview of the mission of “omics” approaches in mycobacterial pathogenesis, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and other mycobacterial diseases.
Downregulation of Uncoupling Protein 2(UCP2) Mediated by MicroRNA-762 Confers Cardioprotection and Participates in the Regulation of Dynamic Mitochondrial Homeostasis of Dynamin Related Protein1 (DRP1) After Myocardial Infarction in Mice
Authors: Liu Dehui , Zou Shangrong , Li Guangnan , Zhang Qiyu , Chen Chunlin , Li Cuizhi , Song Huafeng , Chen Shaoxian , Wang Jiawen , Wu Yueheng , Liu Youbin
Published: February 2022

Acute myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the leading causes of death in the world, and its pathophysiological mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) after MI in mouse heart. Here, we examined the expression and role of UCP2 in mouse heart 4 weeks after MI. The expression of UCP2 was detected by RT-PCR and western blotting. Cardiac function, myocardial fibrosis, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were assessed by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry. Phosphatase dynamin-related protein1 (P-DRP1) and myocardial fibrosis-related proteins were measured. Cardiomyocytes were exposed to hypoxia for 6 h to mimic the model of MI. Mdivi, an inhibitor of P-DRP1, was used to inhibit DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission. Mitochondrial superoxide, membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were detected after hypoxia. It is shown mitochondrial superoxide, membrane potential, oxygen consumption rate, and cardiomyocyte apoptosis were dependent on the level of P-DRP1. UCP2 overexpression reduced cardiomyocyte apoptosis (fibrosis), improved cardiac function and inhibit the phosphorylation of DRP1 and the ratio of P-DRP1/DRP1. However, inhibition of DRP1 by mdivi did not further reduce cell apoptosis rate and cardiac function in UCP2 overexpression group. In addition, bioinformatics analysis, luciferase activity, and western blot assay proved UCP2 was a direct target gene of microRNA-762, a up-regulated microRNA after MI. In conclusion, UCP2 plays a protective role after MI and the mechanism is involved in microRNA-762 upstream and DRP1-dependent mitochondrial fission downstream.
Long-Term Follow-Up of Subjects Without Overt Heart Disease With an Early Repolarization/J Wave Electrocardiographic Pattern
Authors: Lanza Gaetano Antonio , Melita Veronica , De Vita Antonio , Bisignani Antonio , Mollo Roberto , Crea Filippo
Published: February 2022

Aims

The “early repolarization” (ER) pattern and J wave are frequent findings on standard ECG. Controversial data have recently been reported about their prognostic implications in healthy subjects, but no longitudinal prospective study specifically designed to investigate their long-term prognostic value has hitherto been published.

Methods and Results

We prospectively enrolled 4,176 consecutive subjects with no evidence of cardiovascular disease who were referred for standard ECG recording for routine check-ups or pre-operative assessments for non-cardiovascular surgery. ECGs were prospectively assessed for the presence of ER/J wave. A 10-year follow-up was available for 3,937 patients (94.3%), 660 of whom (16.8%) showed ER/J wave whereas 3,277 did not. A total of 644 deaths occurred (16.3%), 116 (2.95%) of which were attributed to cardiovascular causes. Both total and cardiovascular mortality adjusted for clinical and laboratory variables did not differ significantly between patients with vs. without ER/J wave (HR 0.94; 95% CI 0.75–1.19; p = 0.63 and HR 0.61; 95% CI 0.31–1.21; p = 0.16, respectively). No significant association with total and cardiovascular mortality was also found in pre-specified analyses for ER and J wave alone, ER/J wave detected in specific ECG regions (i.e., inferior, lateral, precordial), and type of J wave (notched or slurred).

Conclusion

In this specifically designed prospective study of individuals without any evidence of cardiovascular disease, we found no significant association of ER/J wave with the risk of the total as well as cardiovascular mortality during long-term follow-up.
Response of Fruit Body Assemblage Color Lightness to Macroclimate and Vegetation Cover
Authors: Oechler Henrik , Krah Franz-Sebastian
Published: February 2022

Understanding how species relate mechanistically to their environment via traits is a central goal in ecology. Many macroecological rules were found for macroorganisms, however, whether they can explain microorganismal macroecological patterns still requires investigation. Further, whether macroecological rules are also applicable in microclimates is largely unexplored. Here we use fruit body-forming fungi to understand both aspects better. A recent study showed first evidence for the thermal-melanism hypothesis (Bogert’s rule) in fruit body-forming fungi and relied on a continental spatial scale with large grid size. At large spatial extent and grid sizes, other factors like dispersal limitation or local microclimatic variability might influence observed patterns besides the rule of interest. Therefore, we test fungal assemblage fruit body color lightness along a local elevational gradient (mean annual temperature gradient of 7°C) while considering the vegetation cover as a proxy for local variability in microclimate. Using multivariate linear modeling, we found that fungal fruiting assemblages are significantly darker at lower mean annual temperatures supporting the thermal-melanism hypothesis. Further, we found a non-significant trend of assemblage color lightness with vegetation cover. Our results support Bogert’s rule for microorganisms with macroclimate, which was also found for macroorganisms.
Activation of LXR Nuclear Receptors Impairs the Anti-Inflammatory Gene and Functional Profile of M-CSF-Dependent Human Monocyte-Derived Macrophages
Authors: González de la Aleja Arturo , Herrero Cristina , Torres-Torresano Mónica , de la Rosa Juan Vladimir , Alonso Bárbara , Capa-Sardón Enrique , Muller Ittai B. , Jansen Gerrit , Puig-Kröger Amaya , Vega Miguel A. , Castrillo Antonio , Corbí Ángel L.
Published: February 2022

Liver X Receptors (LXR) control cholesterol metabolism and exert anti-inflammatory actions but their contribution to human macrophage polarization remains unclear. The LXR pathway is enriched in pro-inflammatory macrophages from rheumatoid arthritis as well as in tumors-associated macrophages from human tumors. We now report that LXR activation inhibits the anti-inflammatory gene and functional profile of M-CSF-dependent human macrophages, and prompts the acquisition of a pro-inflammatory gene signature, with both effects being blocked by an LXR inverse agonist. Mechanistically, the LXR-stimulated macrophage polarization shift correlates with diminished expression of MAFB and MAF, which govern the macrophage anti-inflammatory profile, and with enhanced release of activin A. Indeed, LXR activation impaired macrophage polarization in response to tumor-derived ascitic fluids, as well as the expression of MAF- and MAFB-dependent genes. Our results demonstrate that LXR activation limits the anti-inflammatory human macrophage polarization and prompts the acquisition of an inflammatory transcriptional and functional profile.
Development of a Method for Quantitative Evaluation of Facial Swelling in a Rat Model of Cerebral Ischemia by Facial Image Processing
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Huang Hui , Li Yiwen , Cui Jing , Tong Tiejun , Yang Hongjun , Liu Yue
Published: February 2022

A quantitative method for the evaluation of facial swelling in rats with middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was established using a mathematical method for the first time. The rat model of MCAO was established via bilateral common carotid artery ligation. Three groups of rats with the same baseline were selected (model group, positive drug group, and control group) according to their behavioral score and body weight 24 h after surgery. Drug administration was initiated on post-MCAO day 8 and was continued for 28 days. Mobile phones were used to collect facial images at different time points after surgery. In facial image analysis, the outer canthi of both eyes were used as the facial dividing line, and the outer edge of the rat's face was framed using the marking method, and the framed part was regarded as the facial area (S) of the rats. The histogram created with Photoshop CS5 was used to measure the face area in pixels. The distance between the outer canthi of both eyes (Le) and vertical line from the tip of the nose to the line joining the eyes was recorded as H1, and the line from the tip of the nose to the midpoint of the line joining the eyes was recorded as H2. The facial area was calibrated based on the relationship between H1 and H2. The distance between the eyes was inversely proportional to the distance between the rats and mobile phone such that the face area was calibrated by unifying Le. The size of Le between the eyes was inversely proportional to the distance between the rats and mobile phone. This was used to calibrate the face area. When compared with the control group, the facial area of the model group gradually increased from postoperative day 1 to day 7, and there was a significant difference in the facial area of the model group on postoperative day 7. Hence, positive drugs exhibited the effect of improving facial swelling. H1 and H2 can reflect the state of turning the head and raising the head of the rats, respectively. Facial area was calibrated according to the relationship between H1 and H2, which had no obvious effect on the overall conclusion. Furthermore, mobile phone lens was used to capture the picture of rat face, and the distance between the eyes and H1 and H2 was used to calibrate the facial area. Hence, this method is convenient and can be used to evaluate subjective judgment of the human eyes via a quantitative method.
A Case Report of Mycoplasma hominis Subdural Empyema Following Decompressive Craniotomy, and a Review of Central Nervous System Mycoplasma hominis Infections
Authors: Potruch Assaf , Rosenthal Guy , Michael-Gayego Ayelet , Temper Violeta , Abdelrahman Mohanad , Ayalon Oshrat , Nir-Paz Ran , Oster Yonatan
Published: February 2022

Background

Mycoplasma hominis is a small cell-wall-free organism, part of the normal microbiota of the genitourinary tract. It is rarely involved in extragenital infections, mainly joint, surgical-site, and respiratory infections.

Methods

We describe a case of M. hominis subdural empyema and lower limb surgical site infections, following decompressive craniotomy, after traumatic brain and extremities injury. In addition, a literature review of 34 cases M. hominis CNS infections was done.

Results

Our case depicts a 25-years old patient who developed subdural empyema and surgical site infections in his cranium and fibula. Both sites were cultured, and small pinpoint colonies grew on blood agar. MALDI-TOF MS identified M. hominis. Simultaneously 16S-rDNA PCR from CSF detected M. hominis. Antimicrobial treatment was switched to doxycycline with improvement. Literature review revealed 21 adults and 13 pediatric cases of M. hominis CNS infection. Risk factors in adults were head trauma, neurosurgery, or post-partum period.

Conclusions

Based upon the literature reviewed, we postulate that adult patients with head trauma or neurosurgical procedure, rarely are infected either through direct contamination during the trauma, or by undergoing urgent, urinary catheterization, and may experience distant infection due to translocation of M. hominis into the bloodstream. In such cases diagnosis is delayed due to difficulties in growing and identifying the bacteria. Empiric antimicrobials are usually not effective against mycoplasmas. These factors contributed to the mortality in adult cases (15%). Our rare case highlights the necessity of combining classical microbiology routines with advanced molecular techniques to establish a diagnosis in complicated cases.
Two Compartment Evaluation of Liver Grafts During Acellular Room Temperature Machine Perfusion (acRTMP) in a Rat Liver Transplant Model
Authors: Abraham Nader , Zhang Min , Cray Paul , Gao Qimeng , Samy Kannan P. , Neill Ryan , Cywinska Greta , Migaly JonCarlo , Kahan Riley , Pontula Arya , Halpern Samantha E. , Rush Caroline , Penaflor Jude , Kesseli Samuel J. , Krischak Madison , Song Mingqing , Hartwig Matthew G. , Pollara Justin J. , Barbas Andrew S.
Published: February 2022

Background

Subnormothermic machine perfusion (SNMP) of liver grafts is currently less clinically developed than normothermic and hypothermic approaches, but may have logistical advantages. At intermediate temperatures, the oxygen demand of the graft is low enough to be satisfied with an acellular perfusate, obviating the need for oxygen carrying molecules. This intermediate metabolic rate, however, is sufficient to support the production of bile, which is emerging as an important indicator of graft injury and viability. In this study, we hypothesized that the biliary compartment would be more sensitive than perfusate in detecting graft injury during SNMP.

Methods

To test this hypothesis in a rat model, we performed liver transplants with DCD and control liver grafts after 1 h of acellular room temperature machine perfusion (acRTMP) or static cold storage (SCS). Point of care liver function tests were measured in biliary and perfusate samples after 1 h of machine perfusion. Following transplantation, rats were sacrificed at 24 h for assessment of post-transplant graft function and histology.

Results

All point-of-care liver function tests were significantly more concentrated in the biliary compartment than the perfusate compartment during acRTMP. DCD liver grafts could be distinguished from control liver grafts by significantly higher markers of hepatocyte injury (AST, ALT) in the biliary compartment, but not in the perfusate compartment. Classical markers of cholangiocyte injury, such as gammy-glut amyl transferase (GGT), amylase (AML), and alkaline phosphatase were detectable in the biliary compartment, but not in the perfusate compartment. In comparison to SCS, graft preservation by acRTMP produced a significant survival benefit in DCD liver transplantation (75 vs. 0%, p < 0.0030).

Conclusion

Together, these findings demonstrate that during acRTMP, the biliary compartment may be a more sensitive indicator of graft injury than the perfusate compartment. Moreover, acRTMP provides superior graft preservation to SCS in rat DCD liver transplantation.
Associations Between Keratoconus and the Level of Sex Hormones: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Zhao Xiaorui , Yuan Yifei , Sun Tong , Zhang Yu , Chen Yueguo
Published: February 2022

Purpose

To analyze the level of sex hormone in relation to keratoconus (KC).

Methods

Sixty-two eyes of 62 patients (12 females, 50 males) classified as KC and 120 eyes of 120 patients (21 females, 99 males) with mild to moderate myopia and astigmatism were analyzed. Plasma samples were collected and analyzed using a chemiluminescence immunoassay to determine the concentrations of estriol (E3), estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), and testosterone (T). Corneal morphological parameters, such as the central corneal thickness (CCT), thinnest corneal thickness (TCT), and maximum simulated keratometry (Kmax), were measured using Pentacam and Sirius.

Results

The mean age was 23.73 ± 5.16 years for patients with KC and 23.68 ± 6.10 years for patients treated with laser vision correction (LVC). Among the patients with KC, 12 were female (19.35%) and 50 were male (80.65%). The majority of patients with KC were between 20 and 30 years old. In female patients, the concentration of T in the KC group was significantly lower than that in the LVC group (0.86 ± 0.33 vs. 1.18 ± 0.58 nmol/L; P = 0.044). There were positive correlations between T, CCT (r = 0.395, P = 0.023) and TCT (r = 0.378, P = 0.030) in female patients. In male patients, E2 was higher in the KC group than the LVC group (143.75 ± 34.82 vs. 124.80 ± 43.56 pmol/L; P = 0.013), while T was significantly lower (11.59 ± 2.85 vs. 13.58 ± 4.77 nmol/L; P = 0.026). A positive correlation was found between E2 and Kmax (r = 0.222, P = 0.007) in male patients.

Conclusions

Conclusively, our results showed that T level was reduced in both female and male KC plasma, while E2 was increased in male KC plasma. Different levels of sex hormones are correlated with KC, which, may provide the basis of a new technique for screening and diagnosing KC with or without the assistance of current imaging techniques. Moreover, the correlations between sex hormone alterations and KC provide compelling insight into KC etiopathogenesis.
Significance of Cardiac Troponins as an Identification Tool in COVID-19 Patients Using Biosensors: An Update
Authors: Rasmi Yousef , Mosa Osama F. , Alipour Shahriar , Heidari Nadia , Javanmard Farzaneh , Golchin Ali , Gholizadeh-Ghaleh Aziz Shiva
Published: February 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly developed as a global health emergency. Respiratory diseases are significant causes of morbidity and mortality in these patients with a spectrum of different diseases, from asymptomatic subclinical infection to the progression of severe pneumonia and subsequent acute respiratory distress syndrome. Individuals with cardiovascular disease are more likely to become infected with SARS-CoV-2 and develop severe symptoms. Hence, patients with underlying cardiovascular disease mortality rate are over three times. Furthermore, note that patients with a history of cardiovascular disease are more likely to have higher cardiac biomarkers, especially cardiac troponins, than infected patients, especially those with severe disease, making these patients more susceptible to cardiac damage caused by SARS-2-CoV. Biomarkers are important in decision-making to facilitate the efficient allocation of resources. Viral replication in the heart muscle can lead to a cascade of inflammatory processes that lead to fibrosis and, ultimately, cardiac necrosis. Elevated troponin may indicate damage to the heart muscle and may predict death. After the first Chinese analysis, increased cardiac troponin value was observed in a significant proportion of patients, suggesting that myocardial damage is a possible pathogenic mechanism leading to severe disease and death. However, the prognostic performance of troponin and whether its value is affected by different comorbidities present in COVID-19 patients are not known. This review aimed to assess the diagnostic value of troponin to offer insight into pathophysiological mechanisms and reported new assessment methods, including new biosensors for troponin in patients with COVID-19.
Behavioral and Cellular Tagging in Young and in Early Cognitive Aging
Authors: Gros Alexandra , Lim Amos W. H. , Hohendorf Victoria , White Nicole , Eckert Michael , McHugh Thomas John , Wang Szu-Han
Published: February 2022

The ability to maintain relevant information on a daily basis is negatively impacted by aging. However, the neuronal mechanism manifesting memory persistence in young animals and memory decline in early aging is not fully understood. A novel event, when introduced around encoding of an everyday memory task, can facilitate memory persistence in young age but not in early aging. Here, we investigated in male rats how sub-regions of the hippocampus are involved in memory representation in behavioral tagging and how early aging affects such representation by combining behavioral training in appetitive delayed-matching-to-place tasks with the “cellular compartment analysis of temporal activity by fluorescence in situ hybridization” technique. We show that neuronal assemblies activated by memory encoding were also partially activated by novelty, particularly in the distal CA1 and proximal CA3 subregions in young male rats. In early aging, both encoding- and novelty-triggered neuronal populations were significantly reduced with a more profound effect in encoding neurons. Thus, memory persistence through novelty facilitation engages overlapping hippocampal assemblies as a key cellular signature, and cognitive aging is associated with underlying reduction in neuronal activation.
Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Endocytosis Is an Important Factor in the Cellular Basis of Depression and Anxiety
Authors: Deo Nikita , Redpath Gregory
Published: February 2022

Depression and anxiety are common, debilitating psychiatric conditions affecting millions of people throughout the world. Current treatments revolve around selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), yet these drugs are only moderately effective at relieving depression. Moreover, up to 30% of sufferers are SSRI non-responders. Endocytosis, the process by which plasma membrane and extracellular constituents are internalized into the cell, plays a central role in the regulation of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptophan, 5-HT) signaling, SSRI function and depression and anxiety pathogenesis. Despite their therapeutic potential, surprisingly little is known about the endocytosis of the serotonin receptors (5-HT receptors) or the serotonin transporter (SERT). A subset of 5-HT receptors are endocytosed by clathrin-mediated endocytosis following serotonin binding, while for the majority of 5-HT receptors the endocytic regulation is not known. SERT internalizes serotonin from the extracellular space into the cell to limit the availability of serotonin for receptor binding and signaling. Endocytosis of SERT reduces serotonin uptake, facilitating serotonin signaling. SSRIs predominantly inhibit SERT, preventing serotonin uptake to enhance 5-HT receptor signaling, while hallucinogenic compounds directly activate specific 5-HT receptors, altering their interaction with endocytic adaptor proteins to induce alternate signaling outcomes. Further, multiple polymorphisms and transcriptional/proteomic alterations have been linked to depression, anxiety, and SSRI non-response. In this review, we detail the endocytic regulation of 5-HT receptors and SERT and outline how SSRIs and hallucinogenic compounds modulate serotonin signaling through endocytosis. Finally, we will examine the deregulated proteomes in depression and anxiety and link these with 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis. Ultimately, in attempting to integrate the current studies on the cellular biology of depression and anxiety, we propose that endocytosis is an important factor in the cellular basis of depression and anxiety. We will highlight how a thorough understanding 5-HT receptor and SERT endocytosis is integral to understanding the biological basis of depression and anxiety, and to facilitate the development of a next generation of specific, efficacious antidepressant treatments.
Targeting Insect Olfaction in vivo and in vitro Using Functional Imaging
Authors: Miazzi Fabio , Jain Kalpana , Kaltofen Sabine , Bello Jan E. , Hansson Bill S. , Wicher Dieter
Published: February 2022

Insects decode volatile chemical signals from its surrounding environment with the help of its olfactory system, in a fast and reliable manner for its survival. In order to accomplish this task, odorant receptors (ORs) expressed in olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the fly’s antenna process such odor information. In order to study such a sophisticated process, we require access to the sensory neurons to perform functional imaging. In this article, we present different preparations to monitor odor information processing in Drosophila melanogaster OSNs using functional imaging of their Ca2+ dynamics. First, we established an in vivo preparation to image specific OSN population expressing the fluorescent Ca2+ reporter GCaMP3 during OR activation with airborne odors. Next, we developed a method to extract and to embed OSNs in a silica hydrogel with OR activation by dissolved odors. The odor response dynamics under these different conditions was qualitatively similar which indicates that the reduction of complexity did not affect the concentration dependence of odor responses at OSN level.
Sympathetic Nerve-Mediated Fellow Eye Pain During Sequential Cataract Surgery by Regulating Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor CSF3
Authors: Fan Zheng , Fan Caixia , Qi Benxiang , Zhang Bin , Li Wenfeng , Qi Xia , Liu Xiaomin , Zhang Bi Ning , Huang Yusen
Published: February 2022

Patients were found to experience more pain during their second eye cataract surgery compared with their first eye surgery. This study aimed to explore the inflammatory alterations along time in the fellow eye after the first eye surgery and to reveal the underlying mechanism. Eighty patients with bilateral cataracts were recruited and were divided into four groups based on the time of having the second eye surgery. The second eye aqueous humor samples were collected just before surgery and analyzed by mass spectrometry and PCR array. Cytokine activity was enriched in the aqueous humor of the contralateral eye with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor CSF3 significantly upregulated at both gene and protein levels. Rabbits with or without superior cervical ganglionectomy (SCGx) were subjected to lensectomy to mimic human situations. In both human and rabbit models, the fellow eye CSF3 peaked at 1 week post the first eye surgery. Consistently, more neutrophils were recruited to the contralateral eye aqueous humor. Corneal sensitivity and trigeminal electrophysiology were recorded to imply the pain severity in rats receiving capsulorrhexis with or without SCGx. A more intense pulse was detected in the contralateral trigeminal ganglion after the rat received one eye surgery. SCGx could effectively reduce the fellow corneal sensitivity and trigeminal nerve pain. These alterations were under direct regulation of the sympathetic nerves on the surgical eye side. Our results suggest that CSF3 and sympathetic activity could serve as potential analgesic targets during ocular surgeries.