bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Longitudinal Changes in the Concentration of Major Human Milk Proteins in the First Six Months of Lactation and Their Effects on Infant Growth
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zhao Ai , Lai Shiyun , Yuan Qingbin , Jia Xiaojiang , Wang Peiyu , Zhang Yumei
Published: April 2021

Our knowledge related to human milk proteins is still limited. The present study determined the changes in multiple human milk proteins during the first six months of lactation, investigated the influencing factors of milk proteins, and explored the impact of milk proteins on infant growth. A total of 105 lactating women and their full-term infants from China were prospectively surveyed in this research. Milk samples were collected at 1–5 days, 8–14 days, 1 month, and 6 months postpartum. Concentrations of total protein and α-lactalbumin were measured in all milk samples, and concentrations of lactoferrin, osteopontin, total casein, β-casein, αs−1 casein, and κ-casein were measured in milk from 51 individuals using ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The concentration of measured proteins in the milk decreased during the first six months of postpartum (p-trend < 0.001). Maternal age, mode of delivery, maternal education, and income impacted the longitudinal changes in milk proteins (p-interaction < 0.05). Concentrations of αs−1 casein in milk were inversely associated with the weight-for-age Z-scores of the infants (1 m: r −0.29, p 0.038; 6 m: r −0.33, p 0.020). In conclusion, the concentration of proteins in milk decreased over the first six months postpartum, potentially influenced by maternal demographic and delivery factors. Milk protein composition may influence infant weights.
High Intakes of [6S]-5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid Compared with Folic Acid during Pregnancy Programs Central and Peripheral Mechanisms Favouring Increased Food Intake and Body Weight of Mature Female Offspring
Authors: Pannia Emanuela , Hammoud Rola , Kubant Ruslan , Sa Jong Yup , Simonian Rebecca , Wasek Brandi , Ashcraft Paula , Bottiglieri Teodoro , Pausova Zdenka , Anderson G. Harvey
Published: April 2021

Supplementation with [6S]-5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid (MTHF) is recommended as an alternative to folic acid (FA) in prenatal supplements. This study compared equimolar gestational FA and MTHF diets on energy regulation of female offspring. Wistar rats were fed an AIN-93G diet with recommended (2 mg/kg diet) or 5-fold (5X) intakes of MTHF or FA. At weaning, female offspring were fed a 45% fat diet until 19 weeks. The 5X-MTHF offspring had higher body weight (>15%), food intake (8%), light-cycle energy expenditure, and lower activity compared to 5X-FA offspring (p < 0.05). Both the 5X offspring had higher plasma levels of the anorectic hormone leptin at birth (60%) and at 19 weeks (40%), and lower liver weight and total liver lipids compared to the 1X offspring (p < 0.05). Hypothalamic mRNA expression of leptin receptor (ObRb) was lower, and of suppressor of cytokine signaling-3 (Socs3) was higher in the 5X-MTHF offspring (p < 0.05), suggesting central leptin dysregulation. In contrast, the 5X-FA offspring had higher expression of genes encoding for dopamine and GABA- neurotransmitter receptors (p < 0.01), consistent with their phenotype and reduced food intake. When fed folate diets at the requirement level, no differences were found due to form in the offspring. We conclude that MTHF compared to FA consumed at high levels in the gestational diets program central and peripheral mechanisms to favour increased weight gain in the offspring. These pre-clinical findings caution against high gestational intakes of folates of either form and encourage clinical trials examining their long-term health effects when consumed during pregnancy.
Pomological Characteristics and Ploidy Levels of Japanese Plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) Cultivars Preserved in Poland
Authors: Głowacka Agnieszka , Sitarek Mirosław , Rozpara Elżbieta , Podwyszyńska Małgorzata
Published: April 2021

Research on the resistance to frost, susceptibility to sharka, flowering biology, fruit setting, yield, and ploidy levels of 36 Japanese plum cultivars (mostly hybrids of Prunus salicina with Prunus cerasifera) were carried out in 2015–2020 at the Experimental Orchard located in Dąbrowice near Skierniewice. Relatively mild winters with sporadic temperature drops to nearly −21 °C in January of 2017 and 2018 caused slight damage to several cultivars of Japanese plum insufficiently resistant to frost. The trees of most cultivars remained healthy, with no signs of damage. ‘Barkhatnaya’ and ‘Tatyana’ cultivars turned out to be very susceptible to sharka. ‘Herkules’ trees were the most vigorous. ‘Barkhatnaja’, ‘Blue Gigant’, ‘Shater’, and ‘Tatyana’ trees were characterized by weak growth. The trees of Japanese plum started flowering early, usually in the first or second decade of April. Most of the cultivars belonged to early season cultivars, the fruits of which ripened in July. Based on the assessment of tree productivity, ‘Barkhatnaya’, ‘Inese’, ‘Shater’, ‘Tatyana’, and ‘Vanier’ are the best for growing in the climate of Central Europe. ‘Tsernushka’, ‘Chuk’, ‘Dofi Sandra’, ‘Early Golden’, ‘Ewierch Rannyj’, ‘Yevraziya’, ‘Gek’, ‘General’, ‘Kometa’, ‘Kometa Late’, ‘Maschenka’, and ‘Naidyona’ trees also yielded well. ‘Blue Gigant’, ‘Black Amber’, and ‘Herkules’ had the largest fruits, and ‘Chuk’ and ‘Inese’ cultivars produced the smallest fruits. Among the assessed Japanese plum cultivars, those with round fruit, dark skin with various shades of purple, yellow flesh, and A cytometric analysis showed that almost all cultivars are diploid, except for ‘Herkules’ (possibly pentaploid) and ‘Yevraziya’ (possibly hexaploid or aneuploid).
Bioactive Ibuprofen-Loaded PLGA Coatings for Multifunctional Surface Modification of Medical Devices
Authors: Gherasim Oana , Popescu-Pelin Gianina , Florian Paula , Icriverzi Madalina , Roseanu Anca , Mitran Valentina , Cimpean Anisoara , Socol Gabriel
Published: April 2021

To modulate the biofunctionality of implantable medical devices commonly used in clinical practice, their surface modification with bioactive polymeric coatings is an attractive and successful emerging strategy. Biodegradable coatings based on poly(lactic acid-co-glycolic acid), PLGA, represent versatile and safe candidates for surface modification of implantable biomaterials and devices, providing additional tunable ability for topical delivery of desired therapeutic agents. In the present study, Ibuprofen-loaded PLGA coatings (PLGA/IBUP) were obtained by using the dip-coating and drop-casting combined protocol. The composite materials demonstrated long-term drug release under biologically simulated dynamic conditions. Reversible swelling phenomena of polymeric coatings occurred in the first two weeks of testing, accompanied by the gradual matrix degradation and slow release of the therapeutic agent. Irreversible degradation of PLGA coatings occurred after one month, due to copolymer’s hydrolysis (evidenced by chemical and structural modifications). After 30 days of dynamic testing, the cumulative release of IBUP was ~250 µg/mL. Excellent cytocompatibility was revealed on human-derived macrophages, fibroblasts and keratinocytes. The results herein evidence the promising potential of PLGA/IBUP coatings to be used for surface modification of medical devices, such as metallic implants and wound dressings.
Optimization of Texture-Modified Yellowfin Sole (Pleuronectes aspera) by Enzymatic Treatment and Superheated Steam Treating to Improve Quality Characteristics
Authors: Cho Woo-Hee , Yoon Sung-Joon , Choi Jae-Suk
Published: April 2021

This study aimed to optimize the texture modification process of yellowfin sole (Pleuronectes aspera) to improve its quality characteristics for easier consumption by the elderly. Yellowfin sole was immersed in enzyme solution (Protamex:Neutrase = 1:2), marinated in herbal extract solution, and roasted by superheated steam. The product was evaluated for microbial, physicochemical, and sensory properties, as well as shelf life. Specifically, the optimal enzymatic treatment comprised a protease concentration of 1.00% (w/v) with an immersion time of 3.16 h. The optimal marination herb was determined to be bay leaves, as indicated by highest overall acceptance. The texture modification process led to lower hardness and higher overall acceptance values (76.23 kN/m2 and 8.38, respectively) compared with nonenzyme processed product (120.43 kN/m2, 7.43), also retaining high nutritional value and low trimethylamine levels. Shelf-life analysis indicated microbial activity was inhibited (not detected), low levels of total volatile basic nitrogen (10.50 mg%), low levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (0.12 mg MDA/kg), and stable pH values (6.5–7.0). Overall, the texture-modified yellowfin sole possessed a soft flesh texture suitable for consumption by the elderly, with acceptable microbial, physicochemical, and sensory qualities.
AI Landing for Sheet Metal-Based Drawer Box Defect Detection Using Deep Learning (ALDB-DL)
Authors: Sheu Ruey-Kai , Chen Lun-Chi , Pardeshi Mayuresh Sunil , Pai Kai-Chih , Chen Chia-Yu
Published: April 2021

Sheet metal-based products serve as a major portion of the furniture market and maintain higher quality standards by being competitive. During industrial processes, while converting a sheet metal to an end product, new defects are observed and thus need to be identified carefully. Recent studies have shown scratches, bumps, and pollution/dust are identified, but orange peel defects present overall a new challenge. So our model identifies scratches, bumps, and dust by using computer vision algorithms, whereas orange peel defect detection with deep learning have a better performance. The goal of this paper was to resolve artificial intelligence (AI) as an AI landing challenge faced in identifying various kinds of sheet metal-based product defects by ALDB-DL process automation. Therefore, our system model consists of multiple cameras from two different angles to capture the defects of the sheet metal-based drawer box. The aim of this paper was to solve multiple defects detection as design and implementation of Industrial process integration with AI by Automated Optical Inspection (AOI) for sheet metal-based drawer box defect detection, stated as AI Landing for sheet metal-based Drawer Box defect detection using Deep Learning (ALDB-DL). Therefore, the scope was given as achieving higher accuracy using multi-camera-based image feature extraction using computer vision and deep learning algorithm for defect classification in AOI. We used SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values for pre-processing, LeNet with a (1 × 1) convolution filter, and a Global Average Pooling (GAP) Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) algorithm to achieve the best results. It has applications for sheet metal-based product industries with improvised quality control for edge and surface detection. The results were competitive as the precision, recall, and area under the curve were 1.00, 0.99, and 0.98, respectively. Successively, the discussion section presents a detailed insight view about the industrial functioning with ALDB-DL experience sharing.
SAT and SMT-Based Verification of Security Protocols Including Time Aspects
Authors: Szymoniak Sabina , Siedlecka-Lamch Olga , Zbrzezny Agnieszka M. , Zbrzezny Andrzej , Kurkowski Miroslaw
Published: April 2021

For many years various types of devices equipped with sensors have guaranteed proper work in a huge amount of machines and systems. For the proper operation of sensors, devices, and complex systems, we need secure communication. Security protocols (SP) in this case, guarantee the achievement of security goals. However, the design of SP is not an easy process. Sometimes SP cannot realise their security goals because of errors in their constructions and need to be investigated and verified in the case of their correctness. Now SP uses often time primitives due to the necessity of security dependence on the passing of time. In this work, we propose and investigate the SAT-and SMT-based formal verification methods of SP used in communication between devices equipped with sensors. For this, we use a formal model based on networks of communicating timed automata. Using this, we show how the security property of SP dedicated to the sensors world can be verified. In our work, we investigate such timed properties as delays in the network and lifetimes. The delay in the network is the lower time constraint related to sending the message. Lifetime is an upper constraint related to the validity of the timestamps generated for the transmitted messages.
A Low-Cost Water Depth and Electrical Conductivity Sensor for Detecting Inputs into Urban Stormwater Networks
Authors: Shi Baiqian , Catsamas Stephen , Kolotelo Peter , Wang Miao , Lintern Anna , Jovanovic Dusan , Bach Peter M. , Deletic Ana , McCarthy David T.
Published: April 2021

High-resolution data collection of the urban stormwater network is crucial for future asset management and illicit discharge detection, but often too expensive as sensors and ongoing frequent maintenance works are not affordable. We developed an integrated water depth, electrical conductivity (EC), and temperature sensor that is inexpensive (USD 25), low power, and easily implemented in urban drainage networks. Our low-cost sensor reliably measures the rate-of-change of water level without any re-calibration by comparing with industry-standard instruments such as HACH and HORIBA’s probes. To overcome the observed drift of level sensors, we developed an automated re-calibration approach, which significantly improved its accuracy. For applications like monitoring stormwater drains, such an approach will make higher-resolution sensing feasible from the budget control considerations, since the regular sensor re-calibration will no longer be required. For other applications like monitoring wetlands or wastewater networks, a manual re-calibration every two weeks is required to limit the sensor’s inaccuracies to ±10 mm. Apart from only being used as a calibrator for the level sensor, the conductivity sensor in this study adequately monitored EC between 0 and 10 mS/cm with a 17% relative uncertainty, which is sufficient for stormwater monitoring, especially for real-time detection of poor stormwater quality inputs. Overall, our proposed sensor can be rapidly and densely deployed in the urban drainage network for revolutionised high-density monitoring that cannot be achieved before with high-end loggers and sensors.
Application of Systems Engineering and Sustainable Development Goals towards Sustainable Management of Fishing Gear Resources in Norway
Authors: Deshpande Paritosh C. , Haskins Cecilia
Published: April 2021

Commercial fishing is a critical economic sector for Norway, yet deficiency of scientific information, regulatory instruments, inadequate implementation, and lack of management infrastructure are among the significant causes of mismanagement of fishing gear (FG) resources. Mismanagement of FGs results in leakage of plastics through abandoned, lost, or discarded fishing gears (ALDFG), which is the most threatening litter fraction for marine wildlife. In EU-EEA states, the management of ALDFG is prioritized through a dedicated circular economy (CE) action plan. Historically, systems engineering (SE) methods are successfully applied for resource management studies. This study adopts and applies the SPADE method to evaluate sustainable management for the system of FG resources in Norway. SPADE comprises five problem-solving activities covering stakeholders, problem formulation, analysis, decision-making, and continuous evaluation. Each activity is accomplished by data collected through stakeholder interviews and literature analysis to establish an initial structure of problems and associated management strategies across FG’s life cycle phases. The application of SPADE spanned across four years (2017–2020) and resulted in scientific outcomes aimed at the common goal of improving the system of FG resources in Norway within the framework of sustainable development goals and CE. SPADE’s practice to integrate stakeholders at each step and provision for continual systems evaluation proved effective in building a holistic understanding of the complex system.
Chemical and Biological Characteristics of Organic Amendments Produced from Selected Agro-Wastes with Potential for Sustaining Soil Health: A Laboratory Assessment
Authors: Sulok Kevin Muyang Tawie , Ahmed Osumanu Haruna , Khew Choy Yuen , Zehnder Jarroop Augustine Mercer , Jalloh Mohamadu Boyie , Musah Adiza Alhassan , Abdu Arifin
Published: April 2021

Sustaining soil health cannot be divorced from sustainable crop production. Organic, or natural, farming is being promoted as a good sustainable agriculture practice. One aspect of organic farming that could significantly enhance and sustain soil health, soil quality, and crop productivity is the use of high-quality soil conditioners or organic amendments produced from agro-wastes. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize the chemical and biological properties of selected agro-wastes with potential for use as organic amendments in sustaining soil health. Standard procedures were used to produce and characterize the soil conditioners, namely fermented plant juice (FPJ), fermented fruit juice (FFJ), palm kernel shell (PKS) biochar, and kitchen waste (KW) compost. The fermented juices (FPJ and FFJ), PKS biochar, and KW compost exhibited chemical and biological properties with good potential as soil conditioners or organic amendments to sustain soil health. The fermented juices contained important microbes that can solubilize P and K in soil for crop use. The high pH and C content of the biochar and compost and the high cation exchange capacity of the biochar are good indicators of the potential of these materials to sustain soil health in terms of the liming effect of acid soils, nutrient and water retention, nutrient reserves, and a suitable habitat for microbial life. Moreover, the organic amendments contain reasonable amounts of macro- and micro-nutrients, which could be released to increase soil fertility. Despite these potential benefits, field application of these organic amendments is necessary to evaluate their effects on soil health and crop production in both the short and long term.
The Significance of Phenotyping and Quantification of Plasma Extracellular Vesicles Levels Using High-Sensitivity Flow Cytometry during COVID-19 Treatment
Authors: Kudryavtsev Igor , Kalinina Olga , Bezrukikh Vadim , Melnik Olesya , Golovkin Alexey
Published: April 2021

New investigation results point to the potential participation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of coronavirus infection, its progression, and mechanisms of the therapy effectiveness. This dictates the necessity to transfer scientific testing technologies to medical practice. Here, we demonstrated the method of phenotyping and quantitative analysis of plasma EVs based on differential centrifugation, immunostaining, and high-sensitivity multicolor flow cytometry. We used EV markers that were potentially associated with SARS-CoV-2 dissemination via vesicles and cell-origination markers, characterizing objects from different cell types that could influence clinical manifestation of COVID-19. Plasma levels of CD235a+ and CD14+ EVs in patients with moderate infection were significantly increased while CD8+ and CD19+ EVs were decreased comparing with HD. Patients with severe infection had lower levels of CD4+, CD19+, and CD146+ EVs than HD. These findings demonstrate that EV concentrations in COVID-19 are severity related. Moreover, the three-point dynamic assessment demonstrated significant loss of CD63+ and CD147+ plasma EVs. The used method can be a convenient tool for vital infection pathogenesis investigation and for COVID-19 diagnostics.
Antiviral Evaluation of UV-4B and Interferon-Alpha Combination Regimens against Dengue Virus
Authors: Franco Evelyn J. , Pires de Mello Camilly P. , Brown Ashley N.
Published: April 2021

Dengue virus (DENV) is a flavivirus associated with clinical manifestations ranging in severity from self-limiting dengue fever, to the potentially life threatening condition, severe dengue. There are currently no approved antiviral therapies for the treatment of DENV. Here, we evaluated the antiviral potential of four broad-spectrum antivirals, UV-4B, interferon-alpha (IFN), sofosbuvir (SOF), and favipiravir (FAV) against DENV serotype 2 as mono- and combination therapy in cell lines that are physiologically relevant to human infection. Cell lines derived from human liver (HUH-7), neurons (SK-N-MC), and skin (HFF-1) were infected with DENV and treated with UV-4B, IFN, SOF, or FAV. Viral supernatant was sampled daily and infectious viral burden was quantified by plaque assay on Vero cells. Drug effect on cell proliferation in uninfected and infected cells was also assessed. UV-4B inhibited DENV in HUH-7, SK-N-MC, and HFF-1 cells yielding EC50 values of 23.75, 49.44, and 37.38 µM, respectively. Clinically achievable IFN concentrations substantially reduced viral burden in HUH-7 (EC50 = 102.7 IU/mL), SK-N-MC (EC50 = 86.59 IU/mL), and HFF-1 (EC50 = 163.1 IU/mL) cells. SOF potently inhibited DENV in HUH-7 cells but failed to produce the same effect in SK-N-MC and HFF-1 cells. Finally, FAV provided minimal suppression in HUH-7 and SK-N-MC cells, but was ineffective in HFF-1 cells. The two most potent anti-DENV agents, UV-4B and IFN, were also assessed in combination. UV-4B + IFN treatment enhanced antiviral activity in HUH-7, SK-N-MC, and HFF-1 cells relative to monotherapy. Our results demonstrate the antiviral potential of UV-4B and IFN against DENV in multiple physiologically relevant cell types.
Fludarabine Inhibits Infection of Zika Virus, SFTS Phlebovirus, and Enterovirus A71
Authors: Gao Chengfeng , Wen Chunxia , Li Zhifeng , Lin Shuhan , Gao Shu , Ding Haida , Zou Peng , Xing Zheng , Yu Yufeng
Published: April 2021

Viral infections are one of the leading causes in human mortality and disease. Broad-spectrum antiviral drugs are a powerful weapon against new and re-emerging viruses. However, viral resistance to existing broad-spectrum antivirals remains a challenge, which demands development of new broad-spectrum therapeutics. In this report, we showed that fludarabine, a fluorinated purine analogue, effectively inhibited infection of RNA viruses, including Zika virus, Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus, and Enterovirus A71, with all IC50 values below 1 μM in Vero, BHK21, U251 MG, and HMC3 cells. We observed that fludarabine has shown cytotoxicity to these cells only at high doses indicating it could be safe for future clinical use if approved. In conclusion, this study suggests that fludarabine could be developed as a potential broad-spectrum anti-RNA virus therapeutic agent.
Arguments for Benefit of the Owner's Priority in Company Management
Authors:   The Corporate and Project Management Institute, Lutsenko Sergej I. ,   Institute for Economic Strategies
Published: April 2021

The author proves priority in company management from the owner (the participant, the shareholder). The participant has managerial powers, including concerning the choice of economic strategy of business, owing to the economic and legal nature. The right of the owner makes changes to the charter confirms its priority in company management. In competence of the owner there is development of long-term incentive system of governing body (management and board of Directors). The owner can use model of «the expected damage» (interpretation of the agreement), for decrease in the risk connected with actions of management in private interests (self-dealing) in the conditions of the incomplete contract.
Digital Citizen and Digital Society: the Impact of Individual and Society on Achieving National Strategic Goals
Authors:   Government of the Russian Federation, Evtushenko Sergey N. , Epikhina Svetlana B. ,   Fund for the Development of Vocational Qualifications of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation; Personnel Committee of the Board of Directors VCIOM
Published: April 2021

Russia faces a critical choice. The world civilizational shift objectively determines the new roles of the individual, society, state and new models of their relationships and mutual influences. The digital citizen and the digital society are becoming the main factors of success in achieving national strategic goals, the balance of individual and social development forms the social order of the 21st century in Russia.
Paradoxes of Social Policy in Developing Social Infrastructure
Authors:   TRANSPROEKT Group JSC, Maximov Vitaly V. ,   UNECE PPP Business Advisory Board.
Published: April 2021

The state's responsibility for development of social infrastructure has not been questioned by modern Russian and foreign economists for many years. An indicator of implementing the national goals of the Russian Federation development for the period up to 2030 is not only an increase in life expectancy up to 78 years, but also a half reduction in the poverty level compared to indicator of 2017 [1], which points out the need not only to ensure additional income for the elderly, but also to reduce their costs. In the context of limited budgetary opportunities, the state's social policy is focused on developing commercial sector of social services and the sector of socially oriented NPOs that are not interested in development of capital-intensive infrastructure component at social tariffs. Private stationary facilities are targeted at wealthy people and are inaccessible to most elderly people who have to turn to the gray services market. Excessive commercialization has embraced even state-owned infrastructures, created or reconstructed through the mechanism of public-private partnership. This results in limited availability of public good and competition for access to it.
On the Question of Monitoring the National Project “Demography” and Assessment of the Demographic Security of the Russian Federation
Authors:   Institute for Demographic Research FCTAS RAS, Zolotareva Olga A.
Published: April 2021

The last five years in the Russian Federation have again been marked by serious concern in the context of the development of demographic processes. Today, leading demographers are talking about a second wave of depopulation. Despite all the efforts made by the government, it is not possible in the foreseeable future to eradicate the negative impact of the retrospective state of the landscape, established by historical changes, which affected, first of all, the age-sex structure of the population (regressive type for women).
Influence of nitrogen fertilizers and organic mineral preparations on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Izmailova D.S. , Izotov A.M. ,   Agrotechnology Academy FSAEI HE “V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University”
Published: April 2021

Triticum durum – is one of the most important food crops in the world that plays a fundamental role in combating hunger and improving global food security. Our research aimed to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilizers and preparations “Flora-S” and “Fitop-Flora-S” on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat. The studies and field trials were carried out on the experimental field of the Agrotechnology Academy (Academic Unit) of V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University located in the low foothill zone of the Crimea (city of Simferopol). Soil – chernozem southern mycelial-calcareous low-humus developed on quaternary yellow-brown loess-like light clays. Field experiments were conducted in 2016–2018 according to B.A. Dospekhov methods of field research. The experimental design included the following options: Factor A – doses of nitrogen: N0+0 (control variant), N20+20, N40+40, N60+60; Factor B – foliar dressing of plants with preparations “Flora-S” and “Fitop-Flora-S” according to the manufacturer’s recommendations; Factor C: weather conditions of the year. The analysis of the sheaf material was carried out according to the methods of state variety testing of agricultural crops. Grain vitreousness was determined according to GOST (State Standard of the Russian Federation) 10987–76, protein content – GOST 10846-91, durum winter wheat grain class – GOST 9353-2016. The analysis of the experimental data shows that nitrogen fertilizers had a significant effect on the yield and grain quality of winter durum wheat variety ‘Amazonka’. Variant N60+60 was the most effective one; yield response to nitrogen fertilizer was expressed in the next quality parameters: yield – 4.65 t/ha (189.4 % more compared to control), protein content – 15.7 %, vitreousness – 85.1 %. The share of the influence of Factor B on such parameters as yield, protein content and vitreousness was 0.5, 1.8 and 0.8 %. The share of the influence of factor C on the same parameters was 6.9, 19.3 and 3.9 %. In the course of the research, we concluded that the most effective options of organic mineral preparations application were: “Flora-S” at the tillering stage of development + “Fitop-Flora-S” at the stage of head emergence; “Flora-S” at the tillering stage of development + “Fitop-Flora-S” at the stage of head emergence + “Flora-S” at the stage of milk development. These preparations contributed to yield improvement by 0.19 and 0.24 t/ha, respectively.
Multi-section coupling device for aggregation of modern seeding machines
Authors:   Structural unit SKNIIMESH of the SSE Agricultural Research Center “Donskoy”, Parkhomenko G.G. , Kambulov S.I. ,   Structural unit SKNIIMESH of the SSE Agricultural research center "Donskoy", Bozhko I.V. ,   Structural unit SKNIIMESH of the SSE Agricultural research center "Donskoy"
Published: April 2021

Choosing rational design parameters of the coupling device for multi-section aggregation of seeders, it is possible to ensure full loading of the power unit while maintaining quality indicators of the technological process at a sufficiently high level. Foreign aggregates are not suitable for use in the Russian Federation due to the different soil and climatic conditions. Purpose of the study: to develop an effective device for multi-section aggregation suitable for domestic modern seeding machines. Subject of the research: the relationship of design parameters and modes of operation of the device for multi-section aggregation of seeders with indicators of the technological process of sowing. A monographic survey of known structures has been carried out, a device for multi-section aggregation of seeding machines has been substantiated by the design and construction method, indicators of the technological process of sowing have been experimentally obtained. The developed coupling device for multi-section aggregation consists of a central frame resting on the wheels and articulated side sections: left and right, which fold when transporting the seeding unit. The total working width of the seeding unit is up to 12.5 meters. According to the research results, the quality of the technological process by the seeding devices meets the regulatory requirements. The instability of the total seeding (0.6–1.1 % for barley and 0.4–0.7 % for wheat) is within the tolerance (up to 3 percent); uneven seeding between devices 3.9–4.2 percent (barley) and 2.6–4.2 percent (wheat) corresponds to the norm (up to 5 percent). The number of seeds embedded at a predetermined depth of the soil corresponds to the required (not less than 80 percent) and was 81.8–83.9 percent for barley and 80.1–83.3 percent for wheat. Not embedded seeds were found in the soil.
Introduction and productivity of oilseeds of the Asteraceae family under conditions of the Middle Volga region
Authors:   Federal Research Center of Fibre Crops, Prakhova T.Ya.
Published: April 2021

The article presents an assessment of the productivity and quality of oilseeds of the Asteraceae family in the agro-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region. The object of the research: safflower (Carthamus tinctorius), milk thistle (Silybum marianum), guizotia (Guizotia abyssinica). Insufficient amount of precipitation was observed during the growing season of 2019 (Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) – 0.68). In 2020, a moderate precipitation deficiency was observed during the growing season (166.9 mm); year was characterized as arid (HTC 0.78). The growing season 2018 was severely arid (HTC 0.34). The length of the safflower growing season during the monitoring years was 108–121 days, guizotia — 111–130 days, milk thistle — from 111 to 117 days. The number of developed flower heads per one safflower plant was 15.3, guizotia – 112.5, milk thistle – 7.5. The productivity of one plant varied from 9.2 to 19.2 g; the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.1–29.3 %.1000-seed weight did not vary significantly; CV ranged from 2.5 (guizotia) to 7.3 % (milk thistle). All crops in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region formed a high yield of oilseeds (0.88–1.68 t/ha) with oil content up to 24.51–40.62 % and were characterized as highly drought tolerant (62.1–71.3 %). Guizotia abyssinica provided a high yield of seeds (1.54–1.68 t/ha) and a significant content of oil in them (40.62 %). The drought-tolerant coefficient (DC) was 68.5 %. Carthamus tinctorius is an amazing drought tolerant plant; DC – 71.3 %. On average, its seed yield amounted to 1.37 t/ha; oil content – 24.51 %. Content of oleic acid in Silybum marianum oil was high (29.43 %), seed oil content – up to 29.31 %, seed productivity – 0.70–0.88 t/ha. In general, these crops combine high oilseeds’ productivity and quality and are of interest for introduction in the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region.
Weed infestation and yield of Sinapis alba L. depending on seeding rate and N fertilizer doses
Authors:   Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea, Rostova E.N. , Izotov A.M. ,   Agrotechnology Academy FSAEI HE “V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University”
Published: April 2021

Currently, one of the most urgent tasks facing humanity is the preservation of the environment. Development of agricultural practices aimed at reducing chemical load when growing white mustard helps to reduce the negative impact of human agricultural activities on the environment. The aim of the research was to determine seeding rates andN fertilizer dosesat which white mustard plants will actively suppress weeds without overall yield decrease. The studies were carried out in 2017–2019. Soil – chernozem southern low-humus (humus content – 2.08–2.31 %). The content of mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Machigin method) is 62–90 and 389–586 mg/kg soil, respectively. The experimental design included: Factor A – five options of N fertilizer application: N0 (control variant), N20, N40, N60 and N80; Factor B – six options of seeding rate: 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 million per hectare. Crop under study – white mustard variety ‘Raduga’. In the course of the research, we have found that the competitive ability of mustard plants against weeds increased with an increase in seeding rate, regardless of the weather conditions of the year. Significant weeds growth and development suppression was noted at a seeding rate of 2 million per ha, the dry weight of one weed in this case was 1.3 g, which was three times less than at a seeding rate of 0.5 million/ha (4.1 g). Seeding rate increase to 2.5 and 3.0 million per ha did not provide reliable suppression of weeds; dry weight of one weed was 1.2 g. The highest seed yield of white mustard (0.6 t/ha) was obtained at a seeding rate of 2 million/ha. This option exceeded others by 0.02–0.14 t/ha. Optimal N fertilizer dose (pre-sowing application) was N60; seed yield of white mustard, in this case, was 0.63 t/ha. Despite the fact that N60 had a positive effect on the growth and development of weeds, it also provided a significant yield increase compared to control – 0.21 t/ha (50 %).
Results of the study of promising varieties of winter rye in the Kirov region
Authors:   Falenskaya Breeding Station – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky”, Shlyakhtina E.A. , Rylova O.N. ,   Falenskaya Breeding Station – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky”
Published: April 2021

An urgent task for increasing the level of winter rye production is the creation and introduction into production high yielding and adaptive varieties, which are less sensitive to stressful edaphic factors, and which is also important, providing the profitability of the cultivation of this crop. The purpose of the research was to assess the yield and adaptability of promising winter rye varieties created in the Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N. V. Rudnitsky under soil and climatic conditions of the Kirov region. The objects of study – six promising varieties of winter rye of competitive variety testing, standard – ‘Falenskaya 4’. The research was carried out in 2016–2020 on the experimental fields of the Falenskaya Breeding Station – Branch of “Federal Agricultural Research Center of the North-East named after N.V. Rudnitsky” (Kirov region) on two soil backgrounds: slightly acidic (pH 5.0–5.2; Al3+ 5.0–6.5 mg/100 g of soil) and natural provocative for aluminum acid (pH 3.7–3.9; Al 26.5–28.4 mg/100 g of soil). Agroclimatic conditions in the years of research were contrasting. On a slightly acidic soil background, a promising variety ‘Batist’ with a high yielding capacity –5.52 t/ha (+0.93 t/ha compared to standard) and a high regenerative capacity (at the level of 87 %) after snow mold infestation was identified. Against the background of the edaphic stress, the yield of varieties under study on average decreased by 31.1-51.7% depending on the genotype. Over the years of research, varieties ‘Kiprez’ and ‘Batist’ were the most tolerant to soil acidity; yield decrease was 31.1 % and 35.0 %, respectively. Moreover, they have high stress tolerance and genetic flexibility. According to the assessment of ecological plasticity, varieties ‘Sarah’, ‘Nioba’, ‘Sarmat’ are of intensive type. Promising variety ‘Batist’ is the most stable on different soil backgrounds (CV – 17.2 and 19.7%; Hom – 0.32 and 0.18, respectively). A high coefficient of adaptability on a slightly acidic background was noted for ‘Batist’ variety, on the provocative – ‘Batist’ (1.26) and ‘Kiprez’ (1.17). Subsequently, these varieties can be recommended for cultivation on low-fertile acidic soils.
Phytosanitary condition of winter barley crops in the Krasnodar krai and the Republic of Adygea in the pre-harvest period
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Volkova G.V. , Danilova A.V. ,   All-Russian Research Institute of Biological Plant Protection, Shulyakovskaya L.N. ,   Branch of the FSBI “Rosselkhoztsentr” in the Krasnodar Territory, Minakova A.V. ,   Branch of the FSBI “Rosselkhoztsentr” in the Republic of Adygeya
Published: April 2021

Phytosanitary monitoring is the most important element of integrated plant protection. It is used to identify the state of crops, the spread of diseases, the degree of their damage, and also to plan the protective measures. The aim of the research was to assess the development of the most dangerous diseases on winter barley crops in the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea (alternate spelling: Adygeya) in the pre-harvest period in 2017–2019 (late May-beginning of June, late milk-early dough stage of development (Z 70-75)). The analysis of the three-year dynamics of pathogens development on winter barley was carried out. The obtained data were compared with the agro-climatic conditions of the growing seasons. Phytosanitary and agroecological observations were carried out according to generally accepted methods and techniques. In the agricultural season 2016–2017, the weather in autumn was warm; winter was mild and snowless; spring was early with an unstable temperature regime and significant lack of precipitation. Warm and dry autumn, snowless winter with long thaws, spring with temperature changes were observed during the growing season of 2017–2018. Autumn in the 2018–2019 vegetative season was cool. Winter was mild and snowless. Sharp changes in air temperature were observed in spring. There was a shortage of precipitation, however, heavy precipitation was noted later. Spot blotch of barley (Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs.), barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres Drechsler.), powdery mildew of barley (Blumeria graminis (DC.) Speer) and leaf rust of barley (Puccinia hordei G. H. Otth.) were detected in the pathogenic complex of the crop. Different types of leaf spots of barley dominated among the detected plant diseases. Intensive development of spot blotch was observed on winter barley crops in Kurganinsky (47.9 %), Dinsky (30.0 %), Novokubansky (28.3 %) and Vyselkovsky (26.3 %) districts, as well as in the Maykop district of the Republic of Adygea (28.3 %). Significant development of barley net blotch was recorded in Kushchevsky (33.5 %), Dinsky (30.8 %) and Novokubansky (29.2 %) districts. The level of powdery mildew development was low (up to 1 %) in all regions. Just a few cases of leaf rust of barley during three years of research were noted. The results of phytosanitary monitoring are presented in the form of electronic maps of the spread of winter barley diseases in the regions of the Krasnodar Krai and the Republic of Adygea.
Breeding scheme and heterosis level of sugar sorghum hybrids
Authors:   North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Center, Volodin A.B. , Kapustin S.I. ,   North Caucasus Federal Agricultural Research Center, Kapustin A.S. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University
Published: April 2021

Creation and introduction of new hybrids of sugar sorghum adaptive to arid conditions allow stabilizing and increasing the productivity of forage mass over the years, which is of current importance. The aim of the research was to clarify the scheme and methods of selection of the initial material, assess the level of true heterosis, quantitative traits of green mass yield and plant height in the best obtained hybrids of sugar sorghum. The research was carried out according to the methods of laboratory and field experiments. The scheme of the breeding process included nurseries of source material and breeding nurseries, as well as creation of self-pollinated and sterile lines, hybridization, assessment of samples for CMS, combining ability, and testing new hybrids by saturating crosses and topcross. According to this scheme, sterile lines ‘A-63’, ‘Knyazhna’, ‘Zersta 38A’ were created. By methods of multiple and individual selection with subsequent inbreeding from hybrid populations, fertile paternal forms ‘Stavropolskoe 36’, ‘Galia’ and ‘Larets’ were created. Also, obtained on their basis hybrids ‘Silosnoe 88’ (standard), ‘Alga’, ‘Kalaus’, ‘Yarik’ served as the object of research. On average for 2016–2019, the most significant plant height under the conditions of the “North-Caucasus Federal Agrarian Research Center” was found in late-ripening combinations ‘Yarik’ (301.4 cm) and ‘Kalaus’ (289.0 cm). The level of true heterosis of this trait was 41.7 % and 31.6 %, respectively. In the studied hybrids, the pollination period of the parental forms coincides, the heterosis of the thickness of the stems is observed. The significant leafiness of the plants is also found to be in the late-ripening forms (15.7–16.0 %). The maximum yield of green mass was obtained from hybrids ‘Yarik’ (102.0 t/ha) and ‘Kalaus’ (86.7 t/ha). The level of true heterosis of the studied trait in these combinations was 67.9 t/ha and 47.0 t/ha, respectively, or 66.5 % and 54.2 %. The combination of other genetic plasmas provided a lower level of true heterosis. The late-ripening hybrids ‘Yarik’ and ‘Kalaus’ have significantly higher sugar content in the juice of the stems (12.89–14.03 %) compared with the mid-ripening ‘Silosnoe 88’ (8.9 %) and the medium-late ‘Alga’ (11.14 %).
Concreto reforzado con textil para el refuerzo y rehabilitación de columnas de hormigón armado
Authors: Colque Romero Alejandro Gustavo
Published: April 2021

Los avances tecnológicos proponen nuevas tecnologías en la rehabilitación de columnas estructurales, algunas de ellas incorporan textil como material de refuerzo. En este sentido, el objetivo de esta investigación es aplicar concreto reforzado con textil para reforzar y rehabilitar columnas de hormigón armado, con materiales existentes en Bolivia. Se describen 6 escenarios bajo normas Euro-código y ACI, para evaluar la relación costo-eficiencia de combinar concreto reforzado con 3 materiales diferentes: textil de fibra de vidrio, textil de fibra de carbono y manta de carbono. Como resultado se comprueba que la mejor combinación es “concreto de grano fino con fibra textil de vidrio o carbono”, dado que incrementa la capacidad de carga y eleva la resistencia a fallas por pandeo, cortante, deformación y traslape. Asimismo, reduce el precio. Se concluyó que, en condiciones bolivianas, es posible reducir costos y elevar eficiencia usando concreto reforzado con textil para reforzar y rehabilitar columnas de hormigón armado.
تعويض المتضررين عن مخاطر التطور التقني في نطاق الأعمال الطبية
Authors: حسن حيدر فليح , ارحيم عبد الله احمد
Published: April 2021

إن التطور التقني غير المسبوق الذي يشهده العالم في الآونة الأخيرة ، قدم للأنسان أعمالاً طبية جليلة من فحص أو تشخيص أو معالجة أو متابعة .إلا إن هذه الأعمال تحمل بذات الوقت في طياتها أخطاراً كامنة تهدد حياة الناس وقد لا يكون من الممكن اكتشافها في حدود المعرفة العلمية والفنية السائدة وقت تقديم الخدمة الطبية وهذا ما يثير التساؤل عن كيفية التوفيق بين سلامة المتضررين (المرضى) وبين كون هذه المخاطر غير معلومة أو معروفة لمن يقوم بها وإن مساءلته عنها يجافي العدالة وبالتالي هل يستطيع المتضررين من الحصول على التعويض؟ والأجابة عن هذا التساؤل هو أساس هذا البحث اذ سنتناوله من خلال تقسيمه الى مطلبين نتناول في المطلب الاول التعويض عن طريق الدولة وفي المطلب الثاني التعويض عن طريق المكتب الوطني للتعويض :
The New Anthropometric Measures in Patients With Hypothyroidism
Authors: GÖNÜLALAN Gülsüm , TANRIKULU Yusuf
Published: April 2021

Backgrounds: We aimed to compare the new anthropometric measurements and traditional anthropometric measurements as body mass index which are used to display visceral adipose distribution in patients with hypothyroidism. We also aimed to investigate the new anthropometric measurements and Carotid intima media thickness as predictors of cardiovascular risk.
Methods: We include patients with hypothyroidism and healthy controls. The patients were divided into 3 groups as overt hypothyroidism, subclinical hypothyroidism and control groups. Demographic data, anthropometric measurements, laboratory findings and CIMT of the patients and control group were also evaluated.
Results: The mean ages of the patients in groups were 37.46 ± 8.89, 35.03 ± 13.06 and 38.79 ± 10.46 years respectively (p=0.876). The average of waist circumference in overt hypothyroidism group was statistically higher than control (p<0.01). The averages of waist circumference/height circumference in the hypothyroidism groups were statistically higher than the control. There was a strong correlation according to body adiposity index, abdominal volume index, and body roundness index as new anthropometric measurements and body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference and waist/height ratio (r>0.750 p<0.001 for all values). The mean value of carotid intima media thickness of the overt hypothyroidism group was significantly higher (p<0.01).
Conclusions: We found strong correlations between new anthropometric and traditional anthropometric measurements in patient with hypothyroidism. Cardiometabolic risk has increased in patients with hypothyroidism, and routine use of new anthropometric measurements displaying body fat distribution and central obesity will be useful for early detection and treatment of cardiovascular complications.