bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Algorithmic considerations when analysing capture Hi-C data
Authors: Disney-Hogg Linden , Kinnersley Ben , Houlston Richard
Published: December 2020

Chromosome conformation capture methodologies have provided insight into the effect of 3D genomic architecture on gene regulation. Capture Hi-C (CHi-C) is a recent extension of Hi-C that improves the effective resolution of chromatin interactions by enriching for defined regions of biological relevance. The varying targeting efficiency between capture regions, however, introduces bias not present in conventional Hi-C, making analysis more complicated. Here we consider salient features of an algorithm that should be considered in evaluating the performance of a program used to analyse CHi-C data in order to infer meaningful interactions. We use the program CHICAGO to analyse promotor capture Hi-C data generated on 28 different cell lines as a case study.
Inviolable Norms of Primary Role Advisors
Authors: Wilson Maureen E. , Hirschy Amy S. , Braxton John M. , Dumas Tia N.
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is evidence of a normative structure for primary role advisors and, if so, whether views of those norms vary by personal and positional characteristics. We developed the Academic Advising Behaviors Inventory (AABI) and surveyed members of NACADA: The Global Community for Academic Advising. Using principal components factor analysis, we identified four inviolable norms that primary role advisors regard as requiring severe sanctions when crossed: Policy Violation, Disrespectful Interactions, Neglectful Supervision, and Confidentiality Breach. Regression analyses revealed some significant differences in the perception of these norms by gender identity, race, and supervision. We conclude by discussing implications for practice and future research.
Administrator Perceptions of Academic Advisor Tasks
Authors: Menke Donna J. , Duslak Mark , McGill Craig M.
Published: December 2020

As higher education leaders, chief academic officers are capable of affecting the ways advising is structured and performed on college campuses, but little is known about how they regard advising. This study investigated the perceptions of 181 chief academic officers at two- and four-year public and private institutions in the U.S. regarding advising tasks. Using a Likert-scale instrument built using the NACADA core competencies, we explored how chief academic officers' perceptions of advisor tasks represent the informational, relational, and conceptual areas of the core competencies. Results revealed small significant differences between institutional type in perceptions of advising roles and functions. This study lays the foundation for future inquiry into perceptions of chief academic officers and other key stakeholders of advising.
If Advising is Teaching, What Do Advisors Teach?
Authors: Lowenstein Marc
Published: December 2020

A philosophy of advising referred to as the learning-centered paradigm is described and compared to the dominant developmental paradigm. Through the learning-centered paradigm, one can explain, better than through the developmental theory, how advising is, or can be, similar to teaching. Under the learning-centered approach, the excellent advisor plays a role with respect to a student's entire curriculum that is analogous to the role that the excellent teacher plays with respect to the content of a single course. He or she also helps the student to understand, and in a certain sense, to create the logic of the student's curriculum. Thus, the advisor's instruction in the logic of the curriculum elevates the advisor's work to a central role in enhancing a student's education.
Various electromagnetic modes of nondissipative anisotropic metamaterial
Authors: Waseer Waleed Iqbal , Naqvi Qaisar Abbas , Mughal M. Juniad
Published: December 2020

Interaction of light and matter can be controlled and manipulated by exploiting the properties of the isofrequency contours (IFCs) of a material. IFC in metamaterial/artificial anisotropic materials can be open and/or closed. The class of metamaterials with open IFC are known as hyperbolic metamaterials (HMMs)/indefinite media. HMMs support large wavevectors, which can lead to some important consequences, such as energy transfer (long range), metacavity lasers (subwavelength scale), sensors (high sensitivity), and hyperlenses (surpassing diffraction limit). Therefore, in this paper wavevector planes for media with open and closed IFCs are investigated with an aim to further differentiate them into regions supporting distinct electromagnetic modes, orientation of power, wavevector, and positive-negative phase velocities.
Self-focusing effect on the beam quality of Hermite–Gaussian beams propagating upwards through the inhomogeneous atmosphere
Authors: Fan Xiaoli , Ji Xiaoling , Wang Huan , Deng Yu , Zhang Hao
Published: December 2020

The self-focusing effect on the beam quality of Hermite–Gaussian beams propagating upwards through the inhomogeneous atmosphere is studied. The analytical formula of the beam width is derived, and its validity is confirmed. Furthermore, the analytical formulas of the actual focal length and

-factor are also derived. It is found that the self-focusing effect in the inhomogeneous atmosphere results in beam quality degradation. Under the same initial beam width and the same beam power, as the beam order

increases, the actual focal length is farther away from the target, and the spot size on the target and the

-factor increase; namely, the beam quality degrades further. In addition, it is shown that the beam quality can be improved by the phase compensation.
Accurate calibration of standard plenoptic cameras using corner features from raw images
Authors: Liu Yuxuan , Mo Fan , Aleksandrov Mitko , Zlatanova Sisi , Tao Pengjie
Published: December 2020

Light field cameras capture spatial and angular information simultaneously. A scene point in the 3D space appears many times on the raw image, bringing challenges to light field camera calibration. This paper proposes a novel calibration method for standard plenoptic cameras by using corner features from raw images. We select appropriate micro-lens images on raw images and detect corner features on them. During calibration, we first build the relationship of corner features and points in object space by using a few intrinsic parameters and then perform a linear calculation of these parameters, which are further refined via a non-linear optimization. Experiments on Lytro and Lytro Illum cameras demonstrate that the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are superior to the state-of-the-art methods based on features of raw images.
Robust and practical measurement of volume transport parameters in solid photo-polymer materials for 3D printing
Authors: Elek Oskar , Zhang Ran , Sumin Denis , Myszkowski Karol , Bickel Bernd , Wilkie Alexander , Křivánek Jaroslav , Weyrich Tim
Published: December 2020

Volumetric light transport is a pervasive physical phenomenon, and therefore its accurate simulation is important for a broad array of disciplines. While suitable mathematical models for computing the transport are now available, obtaining the necessary material parameters needed to drive such simulations is a challenging task: direct measurements of these parameters from material samples are seldom possible. Building on the inverse scattering paradigm, we present a novel measurement approach which indirectly infers the transport parameters from extrinsic observations of multiple-scattered radiance. The novelty of the proposed approach lies in replacing structured illumination with a structured reflector bonded to the sample, and a robust fitting procedure that largely compensates for potential systematic errors in the calibration of the setup. We show the feasibility of our approach by validating simulations of complex 3D compositions of the measured materials against physical prints, using photo-polymer resins. As presented in this paper, our technique yields colorspace data suitable for accurate appearance reproduction in the area of 3D printing. Beyond that, and without fundamental changes to the basic measurement methodology, it could equally well be used to obtain spectral measurements that are useful for other application areas.
Finite-difference time-domain analyses of active cloaking for electrically-large objects
Authors: Stefański Tomasz P. , Baskourelos Konstantinos , Tsakmakidis Kosmas L.
Published: December 2020

Invisibility cloaking devices constitute a unique and potentially disruptive technology, but only if they can work over broad bandwidths for electrically-large objects. So far, the only known scheme that allows for broadband scattering cancellation from an electrically-large object is based on an active implementation where electric and magnetic sources are deployed over a surface surrounding the object, but whose ‘switching on’ and other characteristics need to be known (determined) a priori, before the incident wave hits the surface. However, until now, the performance (and potentially surprising) characteristics of these devices have not been thoroughly analysed computationally, ideally directly in the time domain, owing mainly to numerical accuracy issues and the computational overhead associated with simulations of electrically-large objects. Here, on the basis of a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method that is combined with a perfect (for FDTD’s discretized space) implementation of the total-field/scattered-field (TFSF) interface, we present detailed, time- and frequency-domain analyses of the performance and characteristics of active cloaking devices. The proposed technique guarantees the isolation between scattered- and total-field regions at the numerical noise level (around −300 dB), thereby also allowing for accurate evaluations of the scattering levels from imperfect (non-ideal) active cloaks. Our results reveal several key features, not pointed out previously, such as the suppression of scattering at certain frequencies even for imperfect (time-delayed) sources on the surface of the active cloak, the broadband suppression of back-scattering even for imperfect sources and insufficiently long predetermination times, but also the sensitivity of the scheme on the accurate switching on of the active sources and on the predetermination times if broadband scattering suppression from all angles is required for the electrically-large object.
Scalable multicast hybrid broadband-crossbar wavelength selective switch: proposal and analysis
Authors: Khope Akhilesh S. P. , Helkey Roger , Liu Songtao , Khope Sairaj , Alferness Rod C. , Saleh Adel A. M. , Bowers John E.
Published: December 2020

In this Letter, we present a new hybrid broadband-crossbar switching network that can switch multiple wavelengths on demand and can also multicast. This switch fabric is an improvement over our previous design in both switch footprint and power consumption, as it reduces the number of switching elements by approximately 50%. We compare the switch loss and crosstalk with that of a multiwavelength selective crossbar switch. We also comment on fabrication tolerance of second-order ring resonators based on experimental results of 64 second-order ring resonators, and more than 250 heaters.
Photoconductive terahertz generation in semi-insulating GaAs and InP under the extremes of bias field and pump fluence
Authors: Alfihed Salman , Jenne Matthias F. , Ciocoiu Antonia , Foulds Ian G. , Holzman Jonathan F.
Published: December 2020

This Letter analyzes photoconductive (PC) terahertz (THz) emitters based on the semi-insulating (SI) forms of GaAs and InP. The dependencies of the emitters are studied under the extremes of the bias field and pump fluence to reveal the underlying physics of charge carrier photoexcitation, transport, and emission. The bias field dependence shows that SI-GaAs PC THz emitters are preferentially subject to space-charge-limited current, under the influence of trap states, while SI-InP PC THz emitters are preferentially subject to sustained current, due to a prolonged charge carrier lifetime and the ensuing joule heating. The pump fluence dependence shows space-charge and near-field screening for all emitters, with SI-GaAs predisposed to near-field screening (under the influence of transient mobility) and SI-InP predisposed to space-charge screening. Such findings can support a deeper understanding of the underlying physics and optimal performance of SI-GaAs and SI-InP PC THz emitters.
Sensing performance of surface waveguide modes excited in long-period fiber grating with gold–silicon nanocoatings
Authors: Li Zhihong , Zhu Haiyong
Published: December 2020

We carry out a very early theoretical study on surface waveguide modes excited in a long-period fiber grating (LPFG) coated with gold–silicon thin films for refractive index sensing. The surface waveguide modes originate from the intermode transition of EH cladding modes and present a very strong evanescent field penetrating into the surrounding medium, which makes them ultrasensitive to external changes. By tracking the dual resonances of surface waveguide modes, ultrahigh sensitivity up to

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m

/

R
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around 1.315 is obtained, which is 76-/4-fold higher than the case of bare LPFG/LPFG-assisted surface plasmon resonance, together with the capability of self-referenced measurement. This new, to the best of our knowledge, concept is expected to find wide applications based on refractive index sensing.
Bismuth doped fibre amplifier operating in E- and S- optical bands
Authors: Donodin Aleksandr , Dvoyrin Vladislav , Manuylovich Egor , Krzczanowicz Lukasz , Forysiak Wladek , Melkumov Mikhail , Mashinsky Valery , Turitsyn Sergei
Published: December 2020

Bismuth-doped fibre amplifiers offer an attractive solution for expanding the bandwidth of fibre-optic telecommunication systems beyond the current C-band (1530-1565 nm). We report a bismuth-doped fibre amplifier in the spectral range from 1370 to 1490 nm, with a maximum gain exceeding 31 dB, and a noise figure as low as 4.75 dB. The developed system is studied for forward, backward, and bi-directional pumping schemes and three different signal power levels. The forward pumping scheme demonstrates the best performance in terms of the achieved noise figure. The developed amplifier can be potentially used as an in-line amplifier with >20dB gain in the spectral band from 1405 to 1460 nm.
Tailoring spatial entropy in extreme ultraviolet focused beams for multispectral ptychography
Authors: Loetgering Lars , Liu Xiaomeng , De Beurs Anne C. C. , Du Mengqi , Kuijper Guido , Eikema Kjeld S. E. , Witte Stefan
Published: December 2020

Diffractive optics can be used to accurately control optical wavefronts, even in situations where refractive components such as lenses are not available. For instance, conventional Fresnel zone plates (ZPs) enable focusing of monochromatic radiation. However, they lead to strong chromatic aberrations in multicolor operation. In this work, we propose the concept of spatial entropy minimization as a computational design principle for both mono- and polychromatic focusing optics. We show that spatial entropy minimization yields conventional ZPs for monochromatic radiation. For polychromatic radiation, we observe a previously unexplored class of diffractive optical elements, allowing for balanced spectral efficiency. We apply the proposed approach to the design of a binary ZP, tailored to multispectral focusing of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation from a high-harmonic tabletop source. The polychromatic focusing properties of these ZPs are experimentally confirmed using ptychography. This work provides a new route towards polychromatic wavefront engineering at EUV and soft-x-ray wavelengths.
Neuroinflammation in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of the multiple sclerosis brain causes abnormalities at the nodes of Ranvier
Authors: Gallego-Delgado Patricia , James Rachel , Browne Eleanor , Meng Joanna , Umashankar Swetha , Tan Li , Picon Carmen , Mazarakis Nicholas D. , Faisal A. Aldo , Howell Owain W. , Reynolds Richard
Published: December 2020

Changes to the structure of nodes of Ranvier in the normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) of multiple sclerosis (MS) brains are associated with chronic inflammation. We show that the paranodal domains in MS NAWM are longer on average than control, with Kv1.2 channels dislocated into the paranode. These pathological features are reproduced in a model of chronic meningeal inflammation generated by the injection of lentiviral vectors for the lymphotoxin-α (LTα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ) genes. We show that tumour necrosis factor (TNF), IFNγ, and glutamate can provoke paranodal elongation in cerebellar slice cultures, which could be reversed by an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. When these changes were inserted into a computational model to simulate axonal conduction, a rapid decrease in velocity was observed, reaching conduction failure in small diameter axons. We suggest that glial cells activated by pro-inflammatory cytokines can produce high levels of glutamate, which triggers paranodal pathology, contributing to axonal damage and conduction deficits.
Mapping molar shapes on signaling pathways
Authors: Morita Wataru , Morimoto Naoki , Jernvall Jukka
Published: December 2020

A major challenge in evolutionary developmental biology is to understand how genetic mutations underlie phenotypic changes. In principle, selective pressures on the phenotype screen the gene pool of the population. Teeth are an excellent model for understanding evolutionary changes in the genotype-phenotype relationship since they exist throughout vertebrates. Genetically modified mice (mutants) with abnormalities in teeth have been used to explore tooth development. The relationship between signaling pathways and molar shape, however, remains elusive due to the high intrinsic complexity of tooth crowns. This hampers our understanding of the extent to which developmental factors explored in mutants explain developmental and phenotypic variation in natural species that represent the consequence of natural selection. Here we combine a novel morphometric method with two kinds of data mining techniques to extract data sets from the three-dimensional surface models of lower first molars: i) machine learning to maximize classification accuracy of 22 mutants, and ii) phylogenetic signal for 31 Murinae species. Major shape variation among mutants is explained by the number of cusps and cusp distribution on a tooth crown. The distribution of mutant mice in morphospace suggests a nonlinear relationship between the signaling pathways and molar shape variation. Comparative analysis of mutants and wild murines reveals that mutant variation overlaps naturally occurring diversity, including more ancestral and derived morphologies. However, taxa with transverse lophs are not fully covered by mutant variation, suggesting experimentally unexplored developmental factors in the evolutionary radiation of Murines.
A joint modeling approach for longitudinal microbiome data improves ability to detect microbiome associations with disease
Authors: Luna Pamela N. , Mansbach Jonathan M. , Shaw Chad A.
Published: December 2020

Changes in the composition of the microbiome over time are associated with myriad human illnesses. Unfortunately, the lack of analytic techniques has hindered researchers’ ability to quantify the association between longitudinal microbial composition and time-to-event outcomes. Prior methodological work developed the joint model for longitudinal and time-to-event data to incorporate time-dependent biomarker covariates into the hazard regression approach to disease outcomes. The original implementation of this joint modeling approach employed a linear mixed effects model to represent the time-dependent covariates. However, when the distribution of the time-dependent covariate is non-Gaussian, as is the case with microbial abundances, researchers require different statistical methodology. We present a joint modeling framework that uses a negative binomial mixed effects model to determine longitudinal taxon abundances. We incorporate these modeled microbial abundances into a hazard function with a parameterization that not only accounts for the proportional nature of microbiome data, but also generates biologically interpretable results. Herein we demonstrate the performance improvements of our approach over existing alternatives via simulation as well as a previously published longitudinal dataset studying the microbiome during pregnancy. The results demonstrate that our joint modeling framework for longitudinal microbiome count data provides a powerful methodology to uncover associations between changes in microbial abundances over time and the onset of disease. This method offers the potential to equip researchers with a deeper understanding of the associations between longitudinal microbial composition changes and disease outcomes. This new approach could potentially lead to new diagnostic biomarkers or inform clinical interventions to help prevent or treat disease.
Accurate mapping of mitochondrial DNA deletions and duplications using deep sequencing
Authors: Basu Swaraj , Xie Xie , Uhler Jay P. , Hedberg-Oldfors Carola , Milenkovic Dusanka , Baris Olivier R. , Kimoloi Sammy , Matic Stanka , Stewart James B. , Larsson Nils-Göran , Wiesner Rudolf J. , Oldfors Anders , Gustafsson Claes M. , Falkenberg Maria , Larsson Erik
Published: December 2020

Deletions and duplications in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cause mitochondrial disease and accumulate in conditions such as cancer and age-related disorders, but validated high-throughput methodology that can readily detect and discriminate between these two types of events is lacking. Here we establish a computational method, MitoSAlt, for accurate identification, quantification and visualization of mtDNA deletions and duplications from genomic sequencing data. Our method was tested on simulated sequencing reads and human patient samples with single deletions and duplications to verify its accuracy. Application to mouse models of mtDNA maintenance disease demonstrated the ability to detect deletions and duplications even at low levels of heteroplasmy.
A conserved role for AMP-activated protein kinase in NGLY1 deficiency
Authors: Han Seung Yeop , Pandey Ashutosh , Moore Tereza , Galeone Antonio , Duraine Lita , Cowan Tina M. , Jafar-Nejad Hamed
Published: December 2020

Mutations in humanN-glycanase 1 (NGLY1) cause the first known congenital disorder of deglycosylation (CDDG). Patients with this rare disease, which is also known asNGLY1deficiency, exhibit global developmental delay and other phenotypes including neuropathy, movement disorder, and constipation. NGLY1 is known to regulate proteasomal and mitophagy gene expression through activation of a transcription factor called "nuclear factor erythroid 2-like 1" (NFE2L1). Loss of NGLY1 has also been shown to impair energy metabolism, but the molecular basis for this phenotype and itsin vivoconsequences are not well understood. Using a combination of genetic studies, imaging, and biochemical assays, here we report that loss of NGLY1 in the visceral muscle of theDrosophilalarval intestine results in a severe reduction in the level of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), leading to energy metabolism defects, impaired gut peristalsis, failure to empty the gut, and animal lethality.Ngly1–/–mouse embryonic fibroblasts andNGLY1deficiency patient fibroblasts also show reducedAMPKαlevels. Moreover, pharmacological activation of AMPK signaling significantly suppressed the energy metabolism defects in these cells. Importantly, the reduced AMPKα level and impaired energy metabolism observed inNGLY1deficiency models are not caused by the loss of NFE2L1 activity. Taken together, these observations identify reduced AMPK signaling as a conserved mediator of energy metabolism defects inNGLY1deficiency and suggest AMPK signaling as a therapeutic target in this disease.
Conceptual frameworks for understanding the acceptability and feasibility of the minimally invasive autopsy to determine cause of death: Findings from the CADMIA Study in western Kenya
Authors: Oruko Kelvin , Maixenchs Maria , Phillips-Howard Penelope , Ondire Maureen , Akelo Clarah , Sanz Ariadna , Ordi Jaume , Menéndez Clara , Bassat Quique , Odhiambo Frank O. , Munguambe Khatia
Published: December 2020

Establishing the cause of death (CoD) is critical to better understanding health and prioritizing health investments, however the use of full post-mortem examination is rare in most low and middle-income counties for multiple reasons. The use of minimally invasive autopsy (MIA) approaches, such as needle biopsies, presents an alternate means to assess CoD. In order to understand the feasibility and acceptability of MIA among communities in western Kenya, we conducted focus groups and in-depth interviews with next-of-kin of recently deceased persons, community leaders and health care workers in Siaya and Kisumu counties. Results suggest two conceptual framework can be drawn, one with facilitating factors for acceptance of MIA due to the ability to satisfy immediate needs related to interest in learning CoD or protecting social status and honoring the deceased), and one framework covering barriers to acceptance of MIA, for reasons relating to the failure to serve an existing need, and/or the exacerbation of an already difficult time.
MEF2 transcription factors differentially contribute to retinal ganglion cell loss after optic nerve injury
Authors: Xia Xin , Yu Caroline Y. , Bian Minjuan , Sun Catalina B. , Tanasa Bogdan , Chang Kun-Che , Bruffett Dawn M. , Thakur Hrishikesh , Shah Sahil H. , Knasel Cara , Cameron Evan G. , Kapiloff Michael S. , Goldberg Jeffrey L.
Published: December 2020

Loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in optic neuropathies results in permanent partial or complete blindness. Myocyte enhancer factor 2 (MEF2) transcription factors have been shown to play a pivotal role in neuronal systems, and in particular MEF2A knockout was shown to enhance RGC survival after optic nerve crush injury. Here we expanded these prior data to study bi-allelic, tri-allelic and heterozygous allele deletion. We observed that deletion of all MEF2A, MEF2C, and MEF2D alleles had no effect on RGC survival during development. Our extended experiments suggest that the majority of the neuroprotective effect was conferred by complete deletion of MEF2A but that MEF2D knockout, although not sufficient to increase RGC survival on its own, increased the positive effect of MEF2A knockout. Conversely, MEF2A over-expression in wildtype mice worsened RGC survival after optic nerve crush. Interestingly, MEF2 transcription factors are regulated by post-translational modification, including by calcineurin-catalyzed dephosphorylation of MEF2A Ser-408 known to increase MEF2A-dependent transactivation in neurons. However, neither phospho-mimetic nor phospho-ablative mutation of MEF2A Ser-408 affected the ability of MEF2A to promote RGC deathin vivoafter optic nerve injury. Together these findings demonstrate that MEF2 gene expression opposes RGC survival following axon injury in a complex hierarchy, and further support the hypothesis that loss of or interference with MEF2A expression might be beneficial for RGC neuroprotection in diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.
Characteristics, comorbidities and survival analysis of young adults hospitalized with COVID-19 in New York City
Authors: Altonen Brian L. , Arreglado Tatiana M. , Leroux Ofelia , Murray-Ramcharan Max , Engdahl Ryan
Published: December 2020

This study reviewed 395 young adults, 18–35 year-old, admitted for COVID-19 to one of the eleven hospitals in New York City public health system. Demographics, comorbidities, clinical course, outcomes and characteristics linked to hospitalization were analyzed including temporal survival analysis. Fifty-seven percent of patients had a least one major comorbidity. Mortality without comorbidity was in 3.8% patients. Further investigation of admission features and medical history was conducted. Comorbidities associated with mortality were diabetes (n = 54 deceased/73 diagnosed,74% tested POS;98.2% with diabetic history deceased; Wilcoxon p (Wp) = .044), hypertension (14/44,32% POS, 25.5%;Wp= 0.030), renal (6/16, 37.5% POS,11%;Wp= 0.000), and cardiac (6/21, 28.6% POS,11%;Wp= 0.015). Kaplan survival plots were statistically significant for these four indicators. Data suggested glucose >215 or hemoglobin A1c >9.5 for young adults on admission was associated with increased mortality. Clinically documented respiratory distress on admission was statistically significant outcome related to mortality (X2= 236.6842, df = 1, p < .0001). Overall, 28.9% required supportive oxygen beyond nasal cannula. Nasal cannula oxygen alone was required for 71.1%, who all lived. Non-invasive ventilation was required for 7.8%, and invasive mechanical ventilation 21.0% (in which 7.3% lived, 13.7% died). Temporal survival analysis demonstrated statistically significant response for Time to Death <10 days (X2= 18.508, df = 1, p = .000); risk lessened considerably for 21 day cut off (X2= 3.464, df = 1, p = .063), followed by 31 or more days of hospitalization (X2= 2.212, df = 1, p = .137).
Investigating ‘Fear of Missing Out’ (FOMO) as an extrinsic motive affecting sport event consumer’s behavioral intention and FOMO-driven consumption’s influence on intrinsic rewards, extrinsic rewards, and consumer satisfaction
Authors: Kim Jeeyoon , Lee Younghan , Kim Mi-Lyang
Published: December 2020

This study posits that Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) can function as an extrinsic motive stimulating sport event consumption by inducing consumers to overcome leisure constraints. Also, FOMO-driven consumption is proposed to affect consumption experience for being grounded on extrinsic than intrinsic rewards. In Study 1, the moderation of FOMO between intrapersonal and structural constraints and sport media viewing intention are tested. In Study 2, the relations among FOMO-driven consumption, intrinsic rewards (i.e., enjoyment), extrinsic rewards (i.e., social adherence), and consumer satisfaction are assessed. Study 1 results support the notion that FOMO can boost sport media viewing intention through two mechanisms: by directly stimulating intention and by lifting the negative effect of constraints on intention. In Study 2, FOMO-driven consumption shows a stronger link to extrinsic than intrinsic rewards, extrinsic reward is marginally but negatively associated with intrinsic reward, and intrinsic reward is a stronger predictor of satisfaction. Overall, FOMO is identified as a meaningful extrinsic motive for sport event consumption though its effects on consumer satisfaction are arguable. Implications for FOMO-driven marketing are discussed.
Image-based screen capturing misfolding status of Niemann-Pick type C1 identifies potential candidates for chaperone drugs
Authors: Shioi Ryuta , Karaki Fumika , Yoshioka Hiromasa , Noguchi-Yachide Tomomi , Ishikawa Minoru , Dodo Kosuke , Hashimoto Yuichi , Sodeoka Mikiko , Ohgane Kenji
Published: December 2020

Niemann-Pick disease type C is a rare, fatal neurodegenerative disorder characterized by massive intracellular accumulation of cholesterol. In most cases, loss-of-function mutations in theNPC1gene that encodes lysosomal cholesterol transporter NPC1 are responsible for the disease, and more than half of the mutations are considered to interfere with the biogenesis or folding of the protein. We previously identified a series of oxysterol derivatives and phenanthridine-6-one derivatives as pharmacological chaperones, i.e., small molecules that can rescue folding-defective phenotypes of mutated NPC1, opening up an avenue to develop chaperone therapy for Niemann-Pick disease type C. Here, we present an improved image-based screen for NPC1 chaperones and we describe its application for drug-repurposing screening. We identified some azole antifungals, including itraconazole and posaconazole, and a kinase inhibitor, lapatinib, as probable pharmacological chaperones. A photo-crosslinking study confirmed direct binding of itraconazole to a representative folding-defective mutant protein, NPC1-I1061T. Competitive photo-crosslinking experiments suggested that oxysterol-based chaperones and itraconazole share the same or adjacent binding site(s), and the sensitivity of the crosslinking to P691S mutation in the sterol-sensing domain supports the hypothesis that their binding sites are located near this domain. Although the azoles were less effective in reducing cholesterol accumulation than the oxysterol-derived chaperones or an HDAC inhibitor, LBH-589, our findings should offer new starting points for medicinal chemistry efforts to develop better pharmacological chaperones for NPC1.
Quality suitability regionalization analysis of Angelica sinensis in Gansu, China
Authors: Xu Xiaoqiong , Zhu Tiantian , Shi Tingting , Chen Juan , Jin Ling
Published: December 2020

The genus Angelica encompasses 80 species worldwide. Among them, only Angelica sinensis is widely used in China and Japan. To explore the quality and geographical distribution of A. sinensis, we collected 1,530 plants from Gansu Province and analyzed them for their contents of chlorogenic acid (CA), ferulic acid (FA), senkyunolide I(SI), senkyunolide A(SA), senkyunolide H (SH), coniferyl ferulate (CF), ligustilide (LI), and butenyl phthalide (BP) using UPLC. We also assessed the relationship between the ecological environment and quality of A. sinensis through maximum entropy modeling and a geographical information system. The habitat suitability distribution demonstrated that the most influential ecological factors for the growth of A. sinensis were altitude, precipitation during March, May, and December, precipitation during the wettest month, and the soil pH. The most suitable areas for cultivation are concentrated to the south of Gansu Province, including Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture, Dingxi City, Tianshui City, south of Wuwei City, east of Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, north of Longnan City, and northwest of Pingliang City. The quality suitability regionalization analysis divulged that the most influential ecological factors for the index components of A. sinensis were the altitude, sunshine, rainfall, temperature, and soil pH. The highest quality A. sinensis grow in Dingxi City, Tangchang, Lixian, and Wen counties in Longnan City, Wushan County in Tianshui City, Lintan, Zhouqu, and Zhuoni counties in Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangle and Linxia counties in Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture. The experiment yielded highly accurate results (accuracy of 0.955), suggesting that the results were consistent with the actual distribution of A. sinensis in Gansu. The inferences of this research will naturally draw the attention of the authorities in the fields of natural resources and agriculture departments and provide a scientific basis for the rational selection of A. sinensis cultivation areas.
Long term measures of vestibulo-ocular reflex function in high level male gymnasts and its possible role during context specific rotational tasks
Authors: von Laßberg Christoph , Campos Jennifer L. , Beykirch Karl A.
Published: December 2020

In a prior publication, we described a previously unknown eye movement phenomenon during the execution of actively performed multiaxial rotations in high level gymnasts. This phenomenon was consistently observed during the phase of fast free flight rotations and was marked by a prolonged and complete suppression of nystagmus and gaze stabilizing “environment referenced eye movements” (EREM; such as the vestibulo-ocular reflex, optokinetic reflex, smooth pursuit and others). Instead, these eye movements were coupled with intersegmental body movements. We have therefore called it “spinal motor-coupled eye movements” (SCEM) and have interpreted the phenomenon to likely be caused by anti-compensatory functions of more proprioceptive mediated reflexes and perhaps other mechanisms (e.g., top-down regulation as part of a motor plan) to effectively cope with anew-orientationin space, undisturbed by EREM functions. In the phase before landing, the phenomenon was replaced again by the known gaze-stabilizing EREM functions. The present study specifically evaluated long-term measures of vestibulo-ocular reflex functions (VOR) in high level gymnasts and controls during both passively driven monoaxial rotations and context-specific multiaxial somersault simulations in a vestibular lab. This approach provided further insights into the possible roles of adaptive or mental influences concerning the VOR function and how they are associated with the described phenomenon of SCEM. Results showed high inter-individual variability of VOR function in both gymnasts and controls, but no systematic adaptation of the VOR in gymnasts, neither compared to controls nor over a period of three years. This might generally support the hypothesis that the phenomenon of SCEM might indeed be driven more by proprioceptively mediated and situationally dominant eye movement functions than by adaptative processes of the VOR.
New trimester-specific reference intervals for clinical biochemical tests in Taiwanese pregnant women-cohort of TMICS
Authors: Chen Hui-Ming , Kuo Fu-Chen , Chen Chou-Cheng , Wu Chia-Fang , Sun Chien-Wen , Chen Mei-Lien , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Wang Shu-Li , Wu Ming-Tsang
Published: December 2020

Background

Because there are no published biochemical reference intervals (RI) for pregnant Taiwanese women, we used an established islandwide birth cohort, the Taiwan Maternal and Infant Cohort Study, to establish RIs for important biochemical parameters in women during their 3rd trimester in Taiwan. Additionally, we compared the differences in these biochemical parameters between early third trimester (weeks 28 to 31) and late third trimester (weeks 37 to 40) of pregnant women as well as the differences in them between the third trimester and after delivery.

Methods

Between 2012 and 2015, we recruited a total of 2,136 pregnant women from nine hospitals located in northern (n = 3), central (n = 3), southern (n = 2), and eastern Taiwan (n = 1) to receive regular prenatal health examinations during their third trimester (weeks 28 to 40). After exclusion, samples obtained from 993 eligible pregnant women were analyzed.

Results

There were increases in both lower and upper normal limits for blood neutrophil, thyroid profile (triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)), testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone and decreases for RBC, hemoglobin (Hb), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and creatinine (Cr) during their third trimesters. Women in their late third trimester (n = 378) had higher median RBC, Hb, aspartate aminotransferase (AST), Cr, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone and lower median platelet and insulin, compared with those in their early third trimester (n = 490). Twenty-three of the women had both third trimester and post-pregnancy data. After delivery, the women had lower median AST, ALT, insulin, T3, T4, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone and higher median Cr, free T4, FSH, and luteinizing hormone (LH), compared to their third trimesters.

Conclusions

Gestation-related changes in important biochemical parameters should be considered when evaluating clinical laboratory values in pregnant women.
Efficacy and safety of NOAC versus warfarin in AF patients with left atrial enlargement
Authors: Wu Victor Chien-Chia , Wang Chun-Li , Gan Shu-Ting , Wu Michael , Chen Shao-Wei , Kuo Chang-Fu , Huang Yu-Tung , Wen Ming-Shien , Chang Shang-Hung
Published: December 2020

Background

Little is known about the effects of anticoagulation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) and left atrial enlargement (LAE).

Methods

Data of patients with AF were retrieved from Chang Gung Research Database during 2007–2016. We excluded patients who were not using oral anticoagulants, used anticoagulants for <30 days, used ≥2 agents concomitantly or switched anticoagulants, had left atrial diameter missing from their data, were aged <65, had received valve surgeries, had mitral stenosis, or had a history of cancer. The primary outcomes were ischemic stroke (IS)/systemic embolism (SE), major bleeding, and death from any cause.

Results

We identified 40,777 patients who received a diagnosis of AF. After the exclusion criteria were applied, 6,445 patients remained, 4,922 with LAE, and they were followed up for 2.4 ±1.9 years. The mean age of the patients was 77.32 ± 0.18 in the NOAC group and 76.58 ± 6.91 in the warfarin group (p< 0.0001); 48.24% of patients in the NOAC group and 46.98% of patients in the warfarin group were men (p> 0.05). The mean CHA2DS2-VASc score was 3.26 ± 1.05 in the NOAC group and 3.07 ± 1.12 in the warfarin group (p< 0.0001). The mean HAS-BLED score was 3.87 ± 3.81 in the NOAC group and 3.86 ± 3.80 in the warfarin group (p> 0.05). Furthermore, the mean LA diameter was 4.75 ± 0.63 cm in the warfarin group and 4.79 ± 0.69 cm in the warfarin group (p> 0.05). Among patients with LAE, NOAC was associated with significantly reduced IS/SE events (CRR = 0.63, 95% CI = 0.52–0.77), no difference in major bleeding (CRR = 0.91, 95% CI = 0.78–1.05), and significantly reduced death from any cause (aHR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.52–0.80) compared with warfarin.

Conclusions

In elderly patients with AF and LAE, NOAC was associated with reduced IS/SE and death from any cause compared with warfarin, whereas no difference in major bleeding was observed between these treatments.
EEG individual power profiles correlate with tension along spine in horses
Authors: Stomp Mathilde , d’Ingeo Serenella , Henry Séverine , Lesimple Clémence , Cousillas Hugo , Hausberger Martine
Published: December 2020

Assessing chronic pain is a challenge given its subjective dimension. In humans, resting state electroencephalography (EEG) is a promising tool although the results of various studies are contradictory. Spontaneous chronic pain is understudied in animals but could be of the highest interest for a comparative study. Riding horses show a very high prevalence of back disorders thought to be associated with chronic pain. Moreover, horses with known back problems show cognitive alterations, such as a lower attentional engagement. Therefore, we hypothesized that the individual EEG power profiles resting state (i.e. quiet standing) of different horses could reflect the state of their back, that we measured using static sEMG, a tool first promoted to assess lower back pain in human patients. Results show that 1) EEG profiles are highly stable at the intra-individual level, 2) horses with elevated back tension showed resting state EEG profiles characterized by more fast (beta and gamma) and less slow (theta and alpha) waves. The proportion of theta waves was particularly negatively correlated with muscular tension along the spine. Moreover, elevated back tension was positively correlated with the frequency of stereotypic behaviours (an “addictive- like” repetitive behavior) performed by the horses in their stall. Resting state quantitative EEG appears therefore as a very promising tool that may allow to assess individual subjective chronic pain experience, beyond more objective measures of tension. These results open new lines of research for a multi-species comparative approach and might reveal very important in the context of animal welfare.
Interrater reliability of novice examiners using A-mode ultrasound and skinfolds to measure subcutaneous body fat
Authors: Wagner Dale R. , Teramoto Masaru
Published: December 2020

Examiners with minimal training and skill are often called upon to make body composition assessments using field methods. This study compared the interrater reliability of novice examiners for the skinfold (SKF) and A-mode ultrasound (US) methods of body composition assessment. Undergraduate Kinesiology majors (48 males, 32 females) with minimal training took both SKF and US measurements at three sites (males: chest, abdomen, thigh; females: triceps, suprailiac, thigh). Interrater reliability was significantly better for US compared to SKF at the thigh (ICCUS = 0.975, ICCSKF = 0.912) and abdomen (ICCUS = 0.984, ICCSKF = 0.693) for men and suprailiac (ICCUS = 0.978, ICCSKF = 0.883) for women. Additionally, interrater reliability of the US method was superior to the SKF method for the estimate of male body fat percentage (ICCUS = 0.990, ICCSKF = 0.862). The 95% CI was generally narrower for the US method than the SKF method at each site. The interrater reliability of the US method was superior to or equal to the SKF method for measuring subcutaneous body fat when novice examiners took the measurements.
Cuando aún no era «el jefe». Un ensayo biográfico del primer José María Gil-Robles (1898-1931)
Authors: Rodríguez López-Brea Carlos M.
Published: December 2020

José María Gil-Robles y Quiñones (1898-1980) tenía un sólido pasado como activista católico antes de 1931. De familia tradicionalista (fue hijo del catedrático Enrique Gil y Robles), supo evolucionar y durante los años veinte participó a las órdenes de Ángel Herrera Oria en la consolidación del movimiento católico español, siendo la selecta Asociación Católica Nacional de Propagandistas la que tuvo una mayor relevancia en su formación intelectual. Militante del Partido Social Popular en 1922, colaboró con la dictadura de Primo de Rivera durante largos años, rompiendo con la misma solo en 1929. Se implicó en la defensa de la monarquía en el difícil contexto de 1930-1931, al tiempo que junto a otros propagandistas profundizaba en el magisterio de León XIII y diseñaba fórmulas de acción política para un posible futuro republicano. Gil-Robles demostró gran flexibilidad para adaptarse a los diferentes contextos políticos, lo que hizo que Herrera y el nuncio Tedeschini lo auparan como líder de la derecha católica en 1931.
Juan Belmonte y la renovación de la masculinidad nacional
Authors: Castro Devesa David
Published: December 2020

Este estudio histórico trata de poner de manifiesto la influencia de la corrida de toros en la evolución de la identidad nacional masculina en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. El principal objetivo de esta investigación es analizar las representaciones de la nación y de la masculinidad generadas por los periodistas, pero también por personalidades del mundo de la cultura, a partir de la figura del torero Juan Belmonte. Su exitosa trayectoria profesional y su arriesgada forma de torear fueron asociadas a un renacimiento del espectáculo taurino y por ende, a la regeneración de la virilidad española, reclamada y teorizada por un buen número de intelectuales españoles. La imagen de Belmonte, antitética al estereotipo del torero, y su amistad con un nutrido grupo de escritores y artistas, le convirtieron en la personificación del arquetipo de una masculinidad nacional renovada, civilizada y moderna.
The long run effects of self-confidence on the labour market A test on Hungarian data
Authors: Keller Tamás
Published: December 2020

It is easy to see that highly fatalistic, low-efficacy persons believe that their actions have little outcome. Because greater fatalism lowers an employee’s desired effort level, it may result in lower wages, while the anti-fatalistic attitude translates into more effective work that in turn may be rewarded with a higher salary. The examined self-confidence scale is very similar than the most widely used Rotter locus of control scale. People with high self confidence are determined, feel to have an influence on their future and are optimistic. I examine not only the wage-impact, but also human capital impact of self-confidence.