bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution of ascaridoid nematodes (Nematoda: Chromadorea: Ascaridoidea) in fish from the Barents Sea
Authors: Najda Katarzyna , Kijewska Agnieszka , Kijewski Tomasz , Plauška Kęstas , Rokicki Jerzy
Published: June 2018

The Ascaridoidea are parasites with heteroxenous life cycles. The study shows that fish can be paratenic, intermediate, or final hosts for parasites, and parasitic fauna reflects the feeding behavior of the hosts. Each species of parasites has also different environmental preferences and host specificity. Parasitic nematodes of fish representing Pleuronectidae, Gadidae, Sebastidae, and Macrouridae were studied. Worms were collected separately from different infection sites: stomach, intestine, liver and body cavity. Nematodes were identified using both morphological and molecular methods (PCR-RFLP). Six nematode species were recorded: Anisakis simplex s.s., Contracaecum osculatum A, B, and C. osculatum C (s.s.), Hysterothylacium aduncum and Pseudoterranova bulbosa. Anisakis simplex s.s. was the most numerous nematode species of all catches combined. Differences in parasite species composition were related to the depth and location of sampling areas. In the fish from deep waters, the abundance of A. simplex s.s. decreased compared to fish from shallow waters and P. bulbosa was the dominant species. Ascaridoid species have specific preferences regarding the impact on various internal organs of fish, which is reflected in their abundance. The presence of Ascaridoidea in the Barents Sea is associated with the distribution of hosts and varying food preferences related to the age of fish. The abundance of parasites varied between different host species.
Reduction of nutrient emission from Polish territory into the Baltic Sea (1988–2014) confronted with real environmental needs and international requirements
Authors: Pastuszak Marianna , Bryhn Andreas C. , Håkanson Lars , Stålnacke Per , Zalewski Mariusz , Wodzinowski Tycjan
Published: June 2018

Eutrophication of the Baltic Sea is considered a major threat to its ecological status. We present and discuss Polish riverine flow normalized loads of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) discharged into the Baltic Sea in (i)1988–2014, (ii) periods of maximum TN (1992–1994), TP (1988–1991) emission, (iii) the reference period (1997–2003) established by the Helsinki Commission (HELCOM), (iv) 2012–2014, last years of our study. Despite considerable nutrient load reductions prior to the HELCOM reference period, Poland is expected to reduce TN and TP loads by 30% and 66%, respectively. In the light of our historical and up-to-date findings defining ecological status of the Baltic Sea, we suggest that the proposed TP load reduction is overestimated and its realization may lead to (i) undesirable consequences for the Baltic ecosystem, (ii) would require a decline in TP concentrations to 0.067 mg P dm-3 (the Vistula River) and 0.083 mg P dm-3 (the Oder River), values reported for pre-industrial times. The current nutrient concentrations in the Vistula and Oder safely comply with the requirements of the Water Framework Directive. We also comment on the top-down and bottom-up effect resulting in quantitative and qualitative reorganization of the Baltic ecosystem, a phenomenon already observed in the Baltic Sea.
Diatom record of progressive anthropopressure in the Gulf of Gdańsk and the Vistula Lagoon
Authors: Witak Małgorzata , Pędziński Jarosław
Published: June 2018

This study describes the subfossil diatom flora in the surface sediments of the Polish coastal waters in relation to human impact. The material studied consists of the uppermost parts of seven sediment cores collected from the SW Gulf of Gdańsk and eight cores from the Vistula Lagoon. Our results show the present-day ecological state of both basins just before the planned construction of a navigable channel of the Vistula Spit, which will be the next factor affecting their hydrology. In different parts of the Gulf of Gdańsk, cultural eutrophication resulted in a distinct “anthropogenic assemblage” in the surface sediments. Its structure relates directly to the distance from the mouth of the Vistula River. In the surface assemblages of the Vistula Lagoon, the number of salt-tolerant diatoms increased with the salinity of the basin. Locally, a large number of pollution-resistant taxa was also observed.
Photosynthetic efficiency of endosymbiotic algae of Paramecium bursaria originating from locations with cold and warm climates
Authors: Możdżeń Katarzyna , Leśnicka Patrycja Z. , Burnecki Tomasz , Śliwińska-Wilczewska Sylwia , Skoczowski Andrzej , Greczek-Stachura Magdalena
Published: June 2018

Paramecium bursaria (Ciliophora) is a cosmopolitan unicellular organism that plays a significant role in aquatic ecosystems. P. bursaria contains symbiotic algae and this association is a mutual symbiosis. The aim of the present study was to determine the activity of photosystem II (PSII) in Chlorella sp. inside P. bursaria cells. Ciliates were incubated for 7 days at different temperatures from 6 to 18°C, under the circadian cycle: 12 h light/12 h dark, at light intensity of 200 μmol m-2 s-1 and under constant darkness conditions. The control group was kept at a temperature of 18°C under constant light conditions. Changes in PSII were monitored using different fluorescence parameters. Differences in responses between endosymbiotic algae of two P. bursaria strains – Ard7 from a warm climate and KD64 from a cold climate – were determined. The highest photosynthetic activity of P. bursaria green endosymbionts was observed at a temperature of 18°C, regardless of the light conditions. Algae from warm climate were more sensitive to cold temperature stress than algae from P. bursaria collected in cold climate.
Improving ASTM D445, the Manual Viscosity Test, by Video Recording
Authors: Khuu Hung , Yee Nay , Butterfield Albert , Meiser Mark , Wei Tao , Gutsol Alexander , Moir Michael
Published: June 2018

Video recording of the manual version of the ASTM D445, Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity), effectively automated this method, resolved ergonomic concerns, reduced chemical exposure of an operator, drastically reduced probability of errors of the operator, significantly improved productivity, and simplified the analyst training process and work turnover. The accuracy of results is acceptable from the standpoint of the ASTM D445 method.
Full-Scale Load Testing of 75–90-m-Long Post-Grouted Drilled Shafts in Suzhou Stiff Clay
Authors: Lu Ye , Tan Yong , Lan Hongliang
Published: June 2018

This article evaluates the effects of post-grouting on axial behavior of long drilled shafts in stiff clay. Static axial compression and tension load tests were conducted on four ungrouted and six post-grouted shafts to investigate the effects of post-grouting on axial capacity and load-transfer mechanism. After post-grouting, axial capacity increased more than 100 %. Prior to failure, the relationship between the normalized axial load Q/Qmax and shaft head displacement Δ/D was nonlinear for ungrouted shafts. Compared with cases presented in the literature, much greater shaft displacements were required to mobilize shaft tip resistance and skin resistance, indicating a softer load-displacement response. The contribution of tip resistance to the overall load capacity was small for both ungrouted and post-grouted shafts because of their length. Shaft load capacity was significantly underestimated by the standard penetration test (SPT)-based method and α-method and was more reasonably estimated by the β-method. The cone penetration test (CPT) direct method yielded generally reliable predictions of skin resistance mobilized in the upper stiff clay soils; however, this method significantly underestimated skin resistance in the underlying very stiff to hard clay layers. Considering uncertainties in current design methods, results of this study suggest that field load tests are needed prior to construction to obtain site-specific design parameters.
Analysis of Multiaxial Near-Surface Residual Stress Fields by Energy- and Angle-Dispersive X-ray Diffraction: Semi- Versus Nondestructive Techniques
Authors: Meixner Matthias , Klaus Manuela , Zinn Wolfgang , Apel Daniel , Liehr Alexander , Genzel Christoph , Scholtes Berthold
Published: June 2018

Under laboratory conditions while applying angle-dispersive X-ray diffraction, the information depth in steel is usually restricted to less than 10 μm. Access to residual stresses induced by mechanical, chemical, or both types of surface treatment in deeper regions requires either the application of the layer removal method or an analysis with highly penetrating X rays and synchrotron radiation, respectively. Successive layer removal yields the actual residual stress depth profiles σij(z) up to any depth below the surface, but this is time consuming and semidestructive. High-energy X-ray diffraction performed in the energy-dispersive mode avoids these drawbacks, but it provides only the Laplace stresses, σij(τ), which have to be transformed back into the real space in order to obtain the actual stress-depth profile σij(z). Using an example of a uniaxially ground steel specimen, it is shown that the layer removal method and the energy-dispersive diffraction method for X-ray stress analysis when performed in reflection geometry yield comparable results in the case of the in-plane stress components σ11 and σ22. However, significant differences were observed concerning the out-of-plane stresses, which can be attributed to the boundary conditions that the σi3 components must satisfy at the free surface. It is demonstrated that stress redistribution at the newly generated surfaces after successive layer removal leads to an underestimation of the shear stresses σ13. The analysis of the out-of-plane normal stress component σ33 is shown to require nondestructive measurements.
Effects of Both Preemption and Entrenchment in the Retreat from Verb Overgeneralization Errors: Four Reanalyses, an Extended Replication, and a Meta-Analytic Synthesis
Authors: Ambridge Ben , Barak Libby , Wonnacott Elizabeth , Bannard Colin , Sala Giovanni
Published: June 2018

How do speakers avoid producing verb overgeneralization errors such as *She covered paint onto the wall or *She poured the cup with water? Five previous papers have found seemingly contradictory results concerning the role of statistical preemption (competition from acceptable alternatives such as She covered the wall with paint or She poured water into the cup) and entrenchment (a mechanism sensitive to all uses of the relevant verb). Here, we use more appropriate measures of preemption and entrenchment (attraction measures based on the chi-square statistic, as opposed to using only the frequency of occurrence in favoured constructions) as well as more appropriate statistical analyses and, in one case, a larger corpus to reanalyse the data from these studies. We find that for errors of verb argument structure overgeneralization (as in the examples above), preemption/entrenchment effects are almost always observed in single-predictor models, but are rarely dissociable, due to collinearity. Fortunately, this problem is much less acute for errors of reversative un- prefixation (e.g., *unsqueeze; *uncome), which could in principle be blocked by (a) non-reversative uses of the same verb root (e.g., squeeze, come; entrenchment), and/or (b) lexically-unrelated verbs with similar meanings to the relevant un- forms (e.g., release, go; preemption). Across a reanalysis of two previous studies of un- prefixation, and a new extended replication with adults, we find dissociable effects of both preemption and entrenchment. A meta-analytic synthesis revealed that, across the studies, both effects are reliable, though preemption appears to increase with age. We conclude that a successful account of the retreat from verb overgeneralization is likely to be one that yields preemption and entrenchment as effects that fall naturally out of the learner’s attempts to communicate meaning, rather than one that treats these effects as mechanisms in their own right, and discuss current accounts that potentially meet this criterion. Finally, we set out some methodological recommendations that can be profitably applied not only to corpus-based experimental studies, but studies of child language acquisition in general.
Genomic integrity in the male germ line: evidence in support of the disposable soma hypothesis
Authors: Xavier Miguel J , Mitchell Lisa A , McEwan Kristen E , Scott Rodney J , Aitken R John
Published: June 2018

The Big Blue λSelect-cII selection system has been employed along with whole-exome sequencing to examine the susceptibility of the male germ line to mutation in two challenging situations (i) exposure to a chemotherapeutic regime including bleomycin, etoposide and cis-platinum (BEP) and (ii) the ageing process. A 3-week exposure to BEP induced complete azoospermia associated with a loss of developing germ cells and extensive vacuolization of Sertoli cell cytoplasm. Following cessation of treatment, spermatozoa first appeared in the caput epididymis after 6 weeks and by 12 weeks motile spermatozoa could be recovered from the cauda, although the count (P < 0.001) and motility (P < 0.01) of these cells were significantly reduced and superoxide generation was significantly elevated (P < 0.001). Despite this increase in free radical generation, no evidence of chromatin instability was detected in these spermatozoa. Furthermore, embryos obtained from females mated at this 12-week time point showed no evidence of an increased mutational load. Similarly, progressive ageing of Big Blue mice had no impact on the quality of the spermatozoa, fertility or mutation frequency in the offspring despite a significant increase in the mutational load carried by somatic tissues such as the liver (P < 0.05). We conclude that the male germ line is highly resistant to mutation in keeping with the disposable soma hypothesis, which posits that genetic integrity in the germ cells will be maintained at the expense of the soma, in light of the former’s sentinel position in safeguarding the stability of the genome.
Left Ventricular Dilatation and Posterior Papillary Muscle Displacement in an Ex Vivo Pulsatile Model of Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Kradangnga Krishaporn , Monnet Eric
Published: June 2018

Background: Surgical method of choice for functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) is debatable, since recurrence of FMR post-annuloplasty has been reported in a significant number of cases. Developing a pulsatile FMR heart model by left ventricular dilatation can be a favorable option for usage in the primary stages of developing new surgical techniques that adjunctively targets the posterior papillary muscle (PPM) geometry.Methods: PPM of ex vivo ovine hearts (N = 22) was displaced by three different sizes of patches to induce left ventricular dilatation and FMR. Mitral regurgitation (MR) flow, left ventricular and annular geometry were measured from the dynamic pulsatile flow system before and after patch placement.Results: Outward displacement of PPM was significantly increased in all patch sizes compared to baseline (P = .016, P = .031, and P = .008 from small to large patch, respectively). Left ventricular volume (LVV) significantly increased from 18.53 (15.01-26.03) mL at baseline to 27.5 (19.45-42.46) mL after large patch placement (P = .031). However, the small and medium patch groups did not show significant changes in the LVV after patch placement. MR significantly increased 554 (185-1,919.3) mL/min after applying the large patch compared to baseline (P = .016). There were no significant changes from baseline in MR flow after applying the small and medium patch. Application of the large patch produced the highest proportion of FMR heart models (87.5%, P = .031).Conclusion: The large patch ex vivo pulsatile heart model demonstrated outward displacement of the PPM and significantly produced MR flow. This ex vivo pulsatile heart model can be used to facilitate surgical techniques that targets the PPM displacement in FMR patients.
Mid-Term Clinical Outcome of Patients Undergoing Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting with Valvulotomized Vein Grafts
Authors: Anli Selcuk , Karimian-Tabrizi Afsaneh , Moritz Anton , Monsefi Nadejda
Published: June 2018

Background: The lower patency rate of vein grafts (VG) in comparison to arterial grafts may be related to vein valves, which favor turbulences and thrombosis that lead to graft failure. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of patients with valvulotomized VG after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) procedure. Methods: From 2007 to 2014, 233 patients with a mean age of 67 ± 9 years had CABG or combined CABG and valve procedures. Valvulotomized saphenous VG and arterial grafts were used. Clinical follow-up and outcome were evaluated after 6.3 ± 2 years. The graft patency was rated with multislice computed tomography in 57 patients and coronary angiography in 29 patients 3.1 ± 2 years postoperatively.Results: Overall, 168 patients had segregated CABG surgery, and 65 patients received additional procedures, with mean 2.7 ± 1 arterial and 1.5 ± 0.7 venous anastomoses. The 30-day-mortality in isolated CABG patients was 2%. Survival at five years was 80%. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) free rate at five years was 80%. At the last follow up (mean 6.3 years), 94% of the patients were in Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class 0. The quote of patent valvulotomized VG was 96.1% compared to a patency rate of 96.7% for the arterial grafts in the subgroup undergoing angiography or computed tomography of the heart. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate good mid-term results of graft patency, and comparable clinical results in patients undergoing CABG with valvulotomized VG. A longer follow-up period and a higher number of bypass graft imaging examinations are necessary to affirm our results.
Perioperative Outcomes of Repeated Open Surgery on the Thoracic Aorta
Authors: Shim Hunbo , Jeon Chang Seok , Park Pyo Won , Kim Wook Sung , Lee Young Tak , Jeong Dong Seop , Cho Yang-hyun , Sung Kiick
Published: June 2018

ackground: Repeated thoracic aorta repair is increasingly common. With the increase in hybrid procedures, determination of the best treatment strategy requires evaluation of the clinical outcomes of classic open surgery. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 119 patients (84 men and 35 women, aged 51.0 ± 16.7 years) with a history of open repair involving the thoracic aorta above the diaphragm. The patients underwent an average of 1.3 ± 0.8 surgeries (range: 1-8) on the thoracic aorta before the final operation. Clinical outcomes were evaluated on the basis of the need for emergency surgery, indications for surgery, pathologic causes, and other operative variables.Results: Hospital mortality was 6.7% (n = 8). Postoperative bleeding occurred in 16% (n = 19). On multivariable analysis, emergency surgery (odds ratio [OR], 19.005; P = .003; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.710-133.305) and cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time (OR, 1.562 per 30 minutes; P = .007; 95% CI, 1.126-2.165) were predictors of hospital death. Emergency surgery (OR, 4.105; P = .029; 95% CI, 1.157-14.567) and CPB time (OR, 1.189 per 30 minutes; P = .035; 95% CI, 1.012-1.396) were also associated with postoperative bleeding, in addition to surgery for an infectious cause (OR, 10.824; P = .010; 95% CI, 1.755-66.770). Estimated survival at 1, 5, and 7 years was 86.6%, 80.5%, and 78.2%, respectively. Conclusion: Despite the variety of preoperative conditions and operations performed, repeated open surgery for thoracic aorta repair can be performed with acceptable early and late outcomes.
MINIMALLY INVASIVE SURGERY: A CONCEPTUAL REVIEW
Authors: Dahlan Rully Hanafi , Ompusunggu Sevline Estethia , Yudoyono Farid
Published: June 2018

We are living in an era that performs minimally invasive approaches to many surgical aspects, and spine surgery is not an exception. Nowadays, minimally invasive spine surgery is a routine procedure in many countries around the world. It began in the mid-twentieth century and has now developed into a large field of progressive spinal surgery. This paper will review the philosophy, indications, patient selections, advantages, and disadvantages of minimally invasive spinal surgery.
The Use of Resident-Run Clinics as an Educational Tool in Orthopaedic Surgery Residency
Authors: Hayes Meghan K. , Johnson Joey P. , Daniels Alan H. , Mulcahey Mary K.
Published: June 2018

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. BackgroundThe use of resident-run clinics to provide operative and clinical training is utilized in orthopaedic surgery, and other specialties (Neaman, Hill, Ebner, & Ford, 2010; Pyle, Angobaldo, Bryant, Marks, & David, 2010). Many orthopaedic residency programs promote resident-run clinics on their websites, but the structure and number of clinics remains unknown.ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to provide insight into the current utilization of resident-run clinics in orthopaedic surgery residency programs and to assess program structure. Additionally, in programs that do not utilize a resident-run clinic, this study sought to assess program consideration and perceived barriers for instituting a resident-run clinic.Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) accredited orthopaedic surgery residency programs in the United States were asked to complete an anonymous on-line survey. In 2016, an e-mail was sent to the 150 ACGME accredited orthopaedic surgery residency Program coordinators. The email was unable to be delivered to 4 programs, making the total number of programs 146.ResultsOf the 28 orthopaedic residency PCs that responded to the survey, 18 indicated their programs had resident-run clinics (64%). At 78% of resident-run clinics, residents spent one half-day per week in clinic. At 56% of programs, residents participated in resident-run clinics 4-5 times per month. Residents saw 11+ patients in an individual clinic setting (61%) and scheduled on average 6+ surgical cases per month out of clinic (72%).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that resident-run clinics in orthopaedic surgery residency may provide a valuable learning environment by exposing residents to a reasonable volume and variety of patients with appropriate supervision.
Implementation and challenges on the Doha Metro project, Qatar.
Authors: Demmler Markus , Griguta Marin , McCracken Andrew , Omeara Dermot , Ansari Jassim Al , Mcchesney Samuel
Published: June 2018

The new Doha Metro is a key part of the State of Qatar’s integrated rail network project, which was commissioned by the government in 2011. The first £12·5 billion phase of the capital city’s metro, including 86 km of track, 112 km of tunnels and 37 stations, will open in 2020 after just 8 years of construction – and comfortably ahead of the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Delivery of this large urban project in challenging geotechnical, environmental and political conditions is being achieved without compromising safety, quality, programme or budget. This paper outlines the engineering approaches applied, the challenges faced and the innovative procurement, technical and safety solutions adopted.
Region-Based Convolutional Neural Nets for Localization of Glomeruli in Trichrome-Stained Whole Kidney Sections
Authors: Bukowy John D. , Dayton Alex , Cloutier Dustin , Manis Anna D. , Staruschenko Alexander , Lombard Julian H. , Solberg Woods Leah C. , Beard Daniel A. , Cowley Allen W.
Published: June 2018

Background Histologic examination of fixed renal tissue is widely used to assess morphology and the progression of disease. Commonly reported metrics include glomerular number and injury. However, characterization of renal histology is a time-consuming and user-dependent process. To accelerate and improve the process, we have developed a glomerular localization pipeline for trichrome-stained kidney sections using a machine learning image classification algorithm.

Methods We prepared 4-μm slices of kidneys from rats of various genetic backgrounds that were subjected to different experimental protocols and mounted the slices on glass slides. All sections used in this analysis were trichrome stained and imaged in bright field at a minimum resolution of 0.92 μm per pixel. The training and test datasets for the algorithm comprised 74 and 13 whole renal sections, respectively, totaling over 28,000 glomeruli manually localized. Additionally, because this localizer will be ultimately used for automated assessment of glomerular injury, we assessed bias of the localizer for preferentially identifying healthy or damaged glomeruli.

Results Localizer performance achieved an average precision and recall of 96.94% and 96.79%, respectively, on whole kidney sections without evidence of bias for or against glomerular injury or the need for manual preprocessing.

Conclusions This study presents a novel and robust application of convolutional neural nets for the localization of glomeruli in healthy and damaged trichrome-stained whole-renal section mounts and lays the groundwork for automated glomerular injury scoring.
Desafio da higienização das mãos para a implementação dos bundles de cateter venoso central
Authors: Lucas Thabata Coaglio , Campos de Sá Poliana Lopes , Dos Santos Laura Petronilha , Leite Cleyde Amaral , Caldeira Ana Luisa De Paulo , Oliveira Adriana Cristina de
Published: June 2018

Justificativa e objetivo: Na prevenção de eventos adversos associados às infecções da corrente sanguínea, a higienização das mãoes (HM) é uma das medidas prioritárias nos programas e ações de saúde destinada à segurança do paciente. Objetivou-se avaliar o desafio para a implementação dos bundles de prevenção da infecção sanguínea associada ao cateter venoso central. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo exploratório-descritivo, realizado na unidade de terapia intensiva de um hospital filantrópico do interior de Minas Gerais. A coleta de dados foi conduzida por observação direta de médicos, enfermeiros, técnicos de enfermagem e fisioterapeutas. Foram avaliadas as medidas de manutenção e de inserção de cateteres. As análises foram por meio de estatística descritiva e pelos testes χ² de Pearson. Resultados: apenas 35,29 % dos enfermeiros realizaram a higienização das mãos (HM) após troca de curativo do acesso central. Os técnicos de enfermagem apresentaram um maior número de oportunidades de HM antes da manipulação do curativo e a metade deles fazia a HM (50,0%) (p
Structural characteristics and niches of dominant tree populations in Tetracentron sinense communities: implications for conservation
Authors: Tian Zhongqiong , Li Huaichun , Li Wenying , Gan Xiaohong , Zhang Xuemei , Fan Zengli
Published: June 2018

Background: Tetracentron sinense Oliv., is an endangered, broad-leaved tree distributed in south-central China. Structural characteristics of the community and dominant tree population niches in T. sinense communities are currently unclear.Questions: (1) What is the status of T. sinense populations in the community? (2) What are the interspecies interactions between T. sinense populations and its associated species.Study sites and dates: T. sinense communities in Meigu Dafengding Nature Reserve in southwest China in 2014.Methods: Six sites of 400 m2 were studied for importance value, special diversity, niche breadth, and overlap of dominant tree populations.Results: There were 80 species, 67 genera, and 41 families of vascular plants. Sixty-one genera of seed plants in T. sinense communities were classified into 9 types. The North Temperate genus was the largest, accounting for 44.26 %. Species richness, species diversity, and evenness indexes were all low. There were 6 dominant tree populations in T. sinense communities, and the importance values and niche breadths of T. sinense populations were significantly higher than other species. Horizontal niche overlaps between T. sinense and Pterocarya stenoptera, Acer pictum subsp. mono, and Cercidiphyllum japonicum were high; the vertical niche overlaps between T. sinense and these species were all greater than 0.7.Conclusions: T. sinense communities have North Temperate character, and are immature and unstable communities, still in the early stage of succession. T. sinense is the edificator tree in the communities. A high similarity of habitat demand and strong interspecific competition for light exist between T. sinense and its associated trees.
Intraspecific and interspecific variation in prickly poppy resistance to non-native generalist caterpillars
Authors: Suissa Jacob , Barton Kasey
Published: June 2018

Background: Prickly poppies (genus Argemone , Papaveraceae) epitomize well-defended plants. With high prickle densities and exudation of bright yellow latex from glaucous leaves, there are few reports of herbivore damage on these plants. Yet, little ecological work has examined within-plant or among-species variation in levels of anti-herbivore defenses in prickly poppies.Questions: Are prickly poppies well defended against generalist herbivores? Does chemical defense vary within prickly poppy plants in a pattern consistent with optimal defense theory?Species study: Argemone glauca, A. mexicana , A. ochroleuca, A. platyceras were examined in bioassays using generalist caterpillars, Agrotis ipsilon Hufnagel and Chrysodeixis eriosoma Doubleday (Noctuidae).Study sites and dates: Seeds were collected from field populations in Mexico (2015) and Hawaii (2011); experiment was conducted at the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Fall 2015.Methods: Using a pair of no-choice bioassays, variation in the quality of whole-leaf and chemical extract infused artificial diets for caterpillar development was assessed.Results: Survivorship was lowest on the control lettuce diet, and varied little between poppy diets although pupal mass was marginally lower for caterpillars reared on A. platyceras than A. ochroleuca . Isolating the effects of plant chemistry, C. eriosoma performance was most strongly reduced by seed extracts, with an extension in pupal development time by one week compared to herbivores reared on other diets, as well as a significant reduction in mean adult mass.Conclusions: These results are consistent with optimal defense theory, reflecting greater allocation of defense in tissues of high fitness value ( i.e., seeds). Future work with native herbivores, chemical analyses, and investigations into alternative functions for these plant traits would shed new light on this interesting group of plants.
Diversidad y distribución de la familia Asteraceae en México
Authors: Villaseñor José Luis
Published: June 2018

Antecedentes: La familia Asteraceae (o Compositae) en México ha llamado la atención de prominentes botánicos en las últimas décadas, por lo que cuenta con una larga tradición de investigación de su riqueza florística. Se cuenta, por lo tanto, con un gran acervo bibliográfico que permite hacer una síntesis y actualización de su conocimiento florístico a nivel nacional. Pregunta: ¿Cuál es la riqueza actualmente conocida de Asteraceae en México? ¿Cómo se distribuye a lo largo del territorio nacional? ¿Qué géneros o regiones requieren de estudios más detallados para mejorar el conocimiento de la familia en el país? Área de estudio: México. Métodos: Se llevó a cabo una exhaustiva revisión de literatura florística y taxonómica, así como la revisión de unos 200,000 ejemplares de herbario, depositados en más de 20 herbarios, tanto nacionales como del extranjero. Resultados: México registra 26 tribus, 417 géneros y 3,113 especies de Asteraceae, de las cuales 3,050 son especies nativas y 1,988 (63.9 %) son endémicas del territorio nacional. Los géneros más relevantes, tanto por el número de especies como por su componente endémico, son Ageratina (164 y 135, respectivamente), Verbesina (164, 138) y Stevia (116, 95). Los estados con mayor número de especies son Oaxaca (1,040), Jalisco (956), Durango (909), Guerrero (855) y Michoacán (837). Los biomas con la mayor riqueza de géneros y especies son el bosque templado (1,906) y el matorral xerófilo (1,254). Solamente 31 géneros no cuentan con revisión taxonómica o con la suficiente información para llevar a cabo la correcta determinación de sus especies, aunque para muchos otros es necesario actualizar la información taxonómica por las nuevas especies descritas o los cambios taxonómicos de sus especies. El esfuerzo de recolecta a lo largo del país revela que existen todavía importantes regiones que requieren exploración para documentar mejor la riqueza de especies de Asteraceae. Conclusiones: La evaluación de la literatura y la consulta de especímenes herborizados muestran un escenario optimista en cuanto al conocimiento florístico-taxonómico de la familia en México. Sin embargo, todavía se tienen amplias zonas del territorio (en especial su porción norte) que no han sido debidamente exploradas. Sin duda, una mayor exploración de tales zonas modificará las cifras discutidas, cuando se conozca mejor su riqueza de Asteraceae.
Effect of the screw type (S2-alar-iliac and iliac), screw length, and screw head angle on the risk of screw and adjacent bone failures after a spinopelvic fixation technique: a finite element analysis v1
Authors: Ki Shin Jong , Lim Beop-Yong , Sik Goh Tae , Min Son Seung , Kim Hyung-Sik , Sub Lee Jung , Lee Chi-Seung
Published: June 2018

Purpose: Spinopelvic fixations involving the S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) and iliac screws are commonly used in various spinal fusion surgeries. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical characteristics, specifically the risk of screw and adjacent bone failures of S2AI screw fixation with those of iliac screw fixation using a finite element analysis (FEA). Methods: A three-dimensional finite element (FE) model of a healthy spinopelvis was generated. The pedicle screws were placed on the L3-S1 with three different lengths of the S2AI and iliac screws (60 mm, 75 mm, and 90 mm). In particular, two types of the S2AI screw, 15°- and 30°-angled polyaxial screw, were adopted. Physiological loads, such as a combination of compression, torsion, and flexion/extension loads, were applied to the spinopelvic FE model, and the stress distribution as well as the maximum von Mises equivalent stress values were calculated. Results: For the iliac screw, the highest stress on the screw was observed with the 75-mm screw, rather than the 60-mm screw. The bones around the iliac screw indicated that the maximum equivalent stress decreased as the screw length increased. For the S2AI screw, the lowest stress was observed in the 90-mm screw length with a 30° head angle. The bones around the S2AI screw indicated that the lowest stress was observed in the 90-mm screw length and a 15° head angle. Conclusions: It was found that the S2AI screw, rather than the iliac screw, reduced the risk of implant failure for the spinopelvic fixation technique, and the 90-mm screw length with a 15° head angle for the S2AI screw could be biomechanically advantageous.
Shanghai Drugs Develops New Strategy for Targeted Antibody Drug Conjugates and Antibody Glycoengineering Techniques v1
Authors: Smith Bella
Published: June 2018

Antibody biopharmaceuticals play an important role in the treatment of tumors, autoimmune diseases and other diseases, in which the N-glycans of the antibody Fc region participate in the recognition of immune cell surface Fc receptors, and the immunomodulatory mechanisms in antibodies such as antibody-dependent cytotoxicity (ADCC). And complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) plays an important role. According to the article--Chemoenzymatic synthesis of glycoengineered IgG antibodies and glycosite-specific antibody-drug conjugates published by Huang Wei group from Shanghai Drugs Development on Nature Protocols, Antibody Drug Conjugates (ADCs) target the delivery of small-molecule drugs by covalently linking small molecule toxins to antibodies, using antibodies to recognize tumor surface antigens with high specificity. The traditional ADC uses a random coupling method to couple small molecules to the antibody lysine or cysteine. There is heterogeneity in the number and location of coupled small molecules, which is the quality control of ADC drugs, PK/PD Stability and other difficulties. The sugar chain site-directed ADC drug using antibody glycoengineering technology overcomes the heterogeneity of random coupling, not only is highly controllable in the coupling sites and the number of small molecules, but also converts the antibody multi-component sugar chain structure into a single component. It achieved a high degree of homogeneity of the ADC molecules and provided structural advantages for ADC drug design and drug product optimization. At the same time, this method has wide application value in the site-directed coupling and labeling of non-therapeutic glycoengineered antibodies reagents. The use of Fc sugar-based site-directed coupling technology can avoid the influence of labeling modifications on the antibody Fab region (antigen recognition region) and overcome randomness. Conjugation caused experimental differences in glycoengineering antibody antigen recognition. Source: http://www.medsci.cn/article/show_article.do?>
Psychological features of corruption criminals
Authors: Kroz M.V. , Ratinova N.A.
Published: June 2018

The article presents the first part of the study of psychological characteristics of persons who committed crimes of corruption. Law-abiding civil servants acted as a control group. The theoretical basis of the study was the value-normative theory of the criminal A. R. Ratinov's personality, so the main attention was paid to the analysis of the value sphere of corrupt officials. The systems of value orientations of corruption criminals and law-abiding citizens were analyzed and compared, the most and the least significant values for both groups and some individual features were determined. The results contradict the widespread traditional ideas about corrupt officials as Mercantile, self-interested people, who put material values in the first place. So, for corruption criminals the most important are the values: freedom, family, love, children, health, education, new knowledge, expanding horizons. Similar value preferences are typical for law-abiding citizens. The least significant values for corrupt officials are material security, entertainment, public recognition, experience of beauty, high demands and power.
The concept of research of psychology of group legal consciousness of convicts
Authors: Suchkova E.
Published: June 2018

The article presents the concept of the study of psychology of group legal consciousness of convicts, developed on the basis of the integration of private scientific theory of legal consciousness with modern socio-psychological approaches to the study of psychology of large social groups. Appeal to the methodology of social representation allows to identify and describe the specifics of the content of social representations, which are structural components of the psychology of group legal consciousness of convicts, as well as to analyze their key functions. The use of the subjective approach and the theory of deformation of social relations makes it possible to study the laws of formation and deformation of the psychology of group legal consciousness of convicts. It is concluded that the integration of these approaches makes it possible to study the psychology of group legal consciousness of convicts as a complex socio-psychological phenomenon consisting of a set of mental representations produced and shared by the community in the legal sphere, as well as to identify patterns of formation and deformation of its content.
Friday Night Lights Out: The End of Football in Schools
Authors: CURREN RANDALL , BLOKHUIS J. C.
Published: June 2018

In this essay, ethicists grounded in philosophy (Curren) and law (Blokhuis) argue that the US public schools' sponsorship of tackle football is ethically indefensible and inconsistent with their educational aims. Their argument relies on three ethical principles and a growing body of evidence that many students who play football suffer traumatic brain injury and cognitive impairment that undermine their academic success and life prospects, whether or not they suffer concussions. The authors also address educational claims made on behalf of football, the legal principles governing custodial responsibilities of schools and parents, factors that limit the moral and legal significance of children's consent to participate in football programs, and evidence that sponsorship of football programs subjects educational institutions to unsustainable financial risk.
Intimate Possibilities: The Beyond Bullying Project and Stories of LGBTQ Sexuality and Gender in US Schools
Authors: GILBERT JEN , FIELDS JESSICA , MAMO LAURA , LESKO NANCY
Published: June 2018

In this article, Jen Gilbert, Jessica Fields, Laura Mamo, and Nancy Lesko explore the Beyond Bullying Project, a multimedia, storytelling project that invited students, teachers, and community members in three US high schools to enter a private booth and share stories of lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and queer (LGBTQ) sexuality and gender. While recent policy making and educational research have focused on links between LGBTQ sexuality and gender, bullying, and other risks to educational and social achievement, Beyond Bullying aimed to identify the ordinary stories of LGBTQ sexuality and gender that circulate in schools and that an interventionist framing may obscure. After offering an overview of the method in Beyond Bullying, this article connects narratives of LGBTQ desire, family, and school life to the intimate possibilities—who students and teachers are, who they want to be, and the social worlds they want to build—available to them in schools.
“I Must Be Emerald and Keep My Color”: Ancient Roman Stoicism in the Middle School Classroom
Authors: GUENTHER LEAH
Published: June 2018

In this essay, Leah Guenther, a middle school teacher on Chicago's South Side, discusses her practice of the ancient philosophy of Stoicism in her classroom, arguing that this misunderstood philosophy with roots in Ancient Greece and Rome has application in today's complicated educational terrain. She explains how she used Stoicism first to improve her own sense of tranquility and then how she used it to add a behavioral awareness component to a rigorous, standards-based English language arts curriculum.
Curatorial Practices for Intersectional Programming
Authors: Hagan Cara
Published: June 2018

Screendance finds its roots in the traditions of concert dance, museum culture, and film festivals. Film festivals - from which we borrow the structure for programming screendance - boast a history of discrimination towards bodies of color, varied gender expressions, bodies of different abilities, and more. Through an exploration of the history and socio-cultural context of film festivals in the west and dialogue with curators and directors from a handful of screendance festivals across the United States, this piece will present a set of curatorial challenges particular to our field, the creative solutions being explored by presenters and champions of screendance, and a consideration of where the field falls short, so we can better mitigate issues of underrepresentation of marginalized groups in screendance spaces.
Choreographing “ChinAfrica” through Transnational Encounter
Authors: Guan Jingqiu
Published: June 2018

A dance film made by two Belgian directors collaborating with Guangdong Modern Dance Company, An African Walk in the Land of China (2015) attempts to explore the encounter of an African woman with Chinese workers in urban China in the age of “ChinAfrica.” In this work, the co-directors create a “duet” between an ensemble of Chinese dancers portrayed as blue-collar workers and a black female dancer depicted as a woman from an unspecified country in Africa. In my analysis, I juxtapose choreographic and cinematic representations of the African woman and Chinese workers with the complex social reality of their diverse experiences of encounters. Resisting any singular reading, the dance film provokes questions and stirs up reflections about the ever-intensifying interactions between Chinese and Africans at economic, political and cultural levels operating under global capitalism. This seemingly detached approach, while offering opportunities for multiple readings of the film, also glosses over the complexity of the very ideas of Africans and Chinese as well as their transnational encounters. The gap between the filmic representation and reality unveils the directors’ reductionistic approach to representing ethnic figures and their experiences of each other on screen, indicating a persistent but well-masked colonial gaze.
Dis/Orientation: Rhythmic Bodies and Corporeal Orature in The Fits
Authors: Benthaus Elena
Published: June 2018

In Anna Rose Holmer’s 2015 film The Fits, 11-year old protagonist Toni is depicted as moving between the steady rhythms of the local boys’ boxing club and the highly syncopated, vertiginous, call-and-response rhythms of the local girls’ drill dance team, all of which culminates into a polyrhythmic, contagious, and seemingly uncontrollable, uncontainable, and indescribable form of fitful corporeal fainting spell. Since the film does not overly depend on dialogue, the film’s affective-ness relies on the protagonists’ expressive and active corporeality, as that which moves in between different spaces and rhythms. Often described as a coming-of-age story, in this article, I will be looking at The Fits as a dance film in order to examine the film through its beats and rhythms by drawing specifically on Thomas DeFrantz’ concept of corporeal orature, Julian Henriques’ notion of affective vibration, Imani Perry’s notion of the cypher, and Brenda Dixon Gottschild’s concept of polycentrism/polyrhythmicality. In relation to this I propose that spectators are drawn into this movie by a constant negotiation of movement as that which sits at the border of consciousness, giving access to a spectatorial experience, in which the moving, rhythmic bodies-on-screen serve simultaneously as points of orientation and disorientation.
A Conversation with Abbey
Authors: Sakamoto Michael , Carlos Angella Betina
Published: June 2018

Abbey is a six-minute dancefilm produced in 2016, directed, photographed, and edited by Michael Sakamoto, and choreographed and performed by Angella Betina Carlos, who goes by her nickname, Abbey. The film was shot at University of Iowa, where Sakamoto is an Assistant Professor in Dance and Carlos was an MFA student. The following are excerpts from a conversation between the filmmaker and performer.
ONTOLOGIES OF PRODUCT DATA QUALITY MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University of Technology), Shilnikov P.
Published: June 2018

While expanding of computer usage for Product Life-cycle information support, several challenges, caused by dependence of computer documents upon interpretation means, are arising. Product data quality (PDQ) challenge is discussed in this article. Absence of data quality defects is assumed as product data quality. Data quality defect, in turn, is existence of some computer product model features, impeding downstream handling of product model. Product data quality management is assumed as interleaved transactions for detection and healing of data quality defects. The principal tasks that facilitate improvement of product design documents' quality were outlined. Computer product data quality is considered as one of aspects of quality of product design documents represented in computer form. The following tasks have to be solved for data quality improvement: detect influence of data quality defects on downstream handling of computer documents, detect interrelationship of data quality defects, set sequence of product data quality transactions, detect product shape model deviation arisen due to model healing. The new integrated approach to product data quality issues is implemented. Free accessible materials and also results of R&D [1] and experience of multy-year exploitation and permanent improvement of APM Studio modules for quality check, healing and import of CAD models [2] were considered while outlining of principal tasks mentioned in this article.