bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cinnamonum aqueous extract on the experimental infection with S.typhimurium & productive parameters &some biochemical blood parameters in broilers
Authors: Hdfgnsse A. Abdul Aziz , Al-Tebary A. S.
Published: August 2023

The study was conducted to detect the inhibitory effect of the cinnamon aqueous extract on the Salmonella typhymurium infection of broiler chicks.    A total of 60 Hubbard flex broiler chicks one day old have been raised for 35 days all chicks infected with S.typhimurium(3X104 )cfu\ml orally at third  day of age , randomly divided in to two groups first group is the treatment group(T) received the aqueous extract while the second group conceders as control (C).    The results showed significant increasing(p<0.05)for group T in weight gain and feed consumption as compared with control ,also there is an improvement in feed conversion ratio & decreasing in mortality rate but its not significant, the total cholesterol & glucose level significantly decreases while total protein & globulin significantly increased,but no significant differences between tow groups in the concentration of albumin, calcium and phosphorus ,the results showed that the bacterial  count decreased significantly at 10,20 days of age for the cecal content count  and cloacal swabs samples and decreased numerically at day 20 of age for  the cloacal swabs samples, we can conclude that cinnamonum aqueous extract have positive effects of some of the productivity and biochemical parameters and its negative effect on the  S. typhimurium.
Effect of pyocyanine extracted from P. aeroginosa on other pathogenic bacteria in vitro
Authors: Abdulrudha Ali Saliem
Published: August 2023

Clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeroginosa was tested for their inhibitory effect on growth of other pathogenic bacteria ,Pyocyanine(PCN) is the major metabolites of this bacteria ,the pigmented strain were found to have stronger antimicrobial activity on Gram's +ve and Gram's–ve bacteria than unpigmented one .Our results revealed the PCN have strongly active against Staph. aureus & E.coli ,but weakly effect of Klebs. & Proteus , other strains of P.aeroginosa are not affected by PCN .
Effect of sulphuric acid and formalin on sporulation of Eimeria bovis oocysts
Authors: A'aiz Noaman N.
Published: August 2023

Eimeria bovis oocysts were isolated and identified after obtained the fecal sample from infected calf.    Three different concentrations of sulphuric acid and of formalin were examining to observe their effect on E.bovis oocysts sporulation in addition to 2.5% potassium dichromate as a control.    All different concentrations of both chemical solutions (sulphuric acid and formalin) were induced the sporulation of oocyst in addition to the control group (potassium dichromate).
Comparison the effect of Various Cinnamon plant Extracts with Metformin in Blood Glucose level of alloxan-induced diabetic laboratory rats
Authors: Ali Hassan Wasfi Rafid Mohammed
Published: August 2023

The present study aime to compare the hypoglycemic activity of blood sugar of  three types of cinnamon plant extract.Which is methanol,hexane and chloroform extract with metformin drug which is used for type 2 diabetic mellitus in laboratory rats of  . The study showed presence of significant p≥0.05 hypoglycemic activity in all cinnamon plant extracts compared with control group.The result also showed highly significant  p≥0.05 hypoglycemic activity of hexane extract compared with metformin drug than  other extracts after (4,6,9)hr of the treatment.
Evaluation of inhibitory activity of extracts of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum against number of pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Mahdi Osama S.
Published: August 2023

Natural resources especially plants are useful bactericides for the control of bacterial infection .To evaluate the antibacterial potential of three types of plants, essential oils were extracted from the seeds of Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum  and assayed in vitro for antibacterial activity aganist  most prevalent pathogens  Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp.,Escherishia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa  at 37 º C and 25 ºC.The antimicrobial effect was assessed using agar diffusion method by applying ethanolic solutions of extracts using it in two different temperatures  37 ºC   and 25 ºC. The result shows that the extract of  Apium gravelens, Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum alcoholic extract at 25 ºC exhibited an inhibition zone on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml and had a exhibited significantly (p < 0.05) greater than that produced by gentamicine,also the extract of Apium gravelens at 25 ºC    in the concentration 100 mg/ml had a significant antibacterial activity on S. aureus, and the extract of  Apium gravelens alcoholic extract at 25 ºC  and 37 ºC  pronounced antibacterial activity against  Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the concentration 100 and 200 mg/ml respectively moreover the inhibition produced by gentamicine. While the antibacterial effect Apium gravelens and  Coriandrum sativum at 37 ºC  on S. aureus in the concentration 200 mg/ml show very similar effect with gentamicine. The antibacterial activity against Salmonella spp.and E. coli were moderate in action    It was found that the investigated extracts of Apium gravelens , Coriandrum sativum and Cuminum cyminum  were exhibited a considerable inhibitory effect against S. aureus and extracts of Apium gravelens and Coriandrum sativum against P. aerogene. The significant antibacterial activity appears promising.
Physiological Effects of Zinc Oxide in Some of Reproductive and Blood Parameters in Female Rabbits
Authors: Tarish Al-Baghdadi Rana Jaber
Published: August 2023

This study was performed to identify the physiological effects produced by addition of zinc oxide at 96 mg/ kg diet for 40 days in some of reproductive and blood parameters in female rabbits.    Sixty local domestic rabbits of both sexes were used (20 males and 40 females), the males separated from females while females divided into two group, first group: (20 female) represented the control, the second group: (20 female) represented the treatment group in which ZnO2 added at 96 mg/ kg diet along the experiment period which lasted from 20/4/2008 to 30/5/2008, after 10 days from the beginning of the trail, mating occur between half males number (10) with the females of the control group and the other half of males with the females of treatment group, the males selected randomly (1male:2 females), then the males removed and the following parameters counted: gestational ratio, mean period of gestation, delivery ratio, mean of the numbers of offspring, the  offspring mean weights, red blood cell level, white blood cell level and hemoglobin.    The results revealed elevation in the above parameters in the females of treated group than the females of the control group.
Histopathological study of Salmonella typhimurium infection in laboratory mice by using the light and electron microscope
Authors: Zghair Zainab R.
Published: August 2023

This study was designed to evaluate the histopathological changes for internal       organs of white female mice after inoculation with Salmonella typhimurium in dose 1x108.Sixteen white mice apprrximatly age (one-two months) and body weight were (25-30) gram divided into 2 equal groups. The first group was inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium orally and   killed after24hr.Group2 was inoculated with normal saline as control group. The histopathological changes of the liver were showed  infiltration of kupffer cells and aggregation of mononuclear cells around the central vein with congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of inflammatory cells. The intestinal changes showed hyperplasia of goblet cells and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of atrophic villi. The results of the electron microscope were showed   S. typhimurium   lie close to the brush border of the villi of ileum of infected mice, and in another section noticed degeneration of the brush border and the apical cytoplasm with cavity formation occurs near a bacterium (arrow).  In addition,budding, swelling and elongation of microvilli are evident.In summary to the above, the microorganisms Salmonella typhimurium have the ability to infect ileum and penetrate to other internal organs.
Histomorphological study of tubular system and collecting tubules in domestic rabbit's fetuses (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Abbas Jafar Ghazi , Rabie Farhan Owda
Published: August 2023

The developmental study of tubular system and collecting tubules has been done in the local rabbit's fetuses, which including detection the timing of appearance of metanephros collecting tubules. The study revealed that the differentiation and development of the collecting tubules in metanephros began in the rabbit at 14 day from pregnancy. Also the histological examination showed at the end of pregnant, the tubular system and collecting tubules visible in medulla and less degree in cortex with clear renal pyramids and well developed long sharp pointed papillae. The purpose of our study to provide a more complete quantitive description of the histomorphology of the tubular system and collecting tubules in rabbits during prenatal development.
The role of antioxidant (vit-A and glutamine) in ameliorating methotrexate induced hepatic toxicity in rats
Authors: Mehdy Al- zeiny Saadia saleh
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to investigate the status of antioxidant glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) during oxidative stress in blood serum of rats subjected to oral methotrexate administration at a dose 10 mg/kg B.W and administrated antioxidant therapy (vit A and glutamine) to reduced or ameliorate such stress. A total of thirty six, male Sprague-Dawley rats weighing (250 – 300) g divided equally into six groups. The first group, control, were fed only standard rat chow as their diet and water ad libitum. The second group administered orally a single dose of methotrexate at a dose of 10 mg/kg B.W. The third group, given a single dose of methotrexate 10 mg/kg B.W + Vit-A (5000 IU/kg B.W) orally by stomach tube, twice daily. The fourth group, given a single dose of methotrexate 10 mg/kg B.W + Glutamine (500 mg/kg B.W), twice daily dosing. fifth group, given vit-A at dose 5000 IU/kg B.W orally, twice daily. Sixth group, given glutamate at dose 500 mg/BW orally, twice daily, all this dosing continue for 8 days. At the end from all animal, draw blood from heart by syring to obtained serum to determine its level then sacrificed and take section from liver for histopathology resulted in. It was found that methotrexate caused a signifcant increase in GSH levels (an important marker of lipid peroxidation) when compared with the control group while the level GSH were signifcantly decreased in the methotrexate + vitamin A group, methotrexate+ glutamine group, vitamin A group and glutamine group. The results indicate that methotrexate cause oxidative stress by reducing the activities and consequently the effectiveness of the antioxidant enzyme defense system. while the antioxidant therapy reducing of oxidative stress. Histopathological examination observed was normal in methotrexate treated rats and MTX with glutamine and vitmine A . but showed hydrodegenerate in treated groups of MTX+vit A while the glutamine treated group showed a necrosis and amyliod change.
General survey of epidemic hydatidosis in sheep in Al-Shula area in Baghdad
Authors: Younis Khalida Hussain
Published: August 2023

The survey of distribution of hydatidosis in sheep in Al-Shula Area of  Baghdad region was conducted  from Mar. 2010 to  Feb. 2011. By examining of 2781 animals 1877 male and ( 904) female  , the infection rate was( 12.69%). Out of  353 of affected sheep 211 was female  (7.58%) and 147 was  male  (5.1%). Hydatidosis is found in internal organs for all months of the year .The ratio of infection was higher in female ( 59,77% ) in comparaion with  male        ( 40,22%)  . 2428  hydatid cysts were isolated from liver , lung and liver together and lung organs mostly from lung and liver together with rate (61.53%) there was direct relation between the age of the sheep (male and female ) and infection by Hydatidosis .
Prevalence of Bovine Sarcocystosis in Babylon province
Authors: Mohammad Mohammad Hadi
Published: August 2023

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of bovine sarcocystosis in slaughtered cattle in Babylon abattoir by use two methods, trichenoscopy and histological techniques, The results showed that the prevalence rate of microscopic form Sarcocystis cruzi detected by trichenoscopy and histological technique were  66.5 % and 70% respectively. According to examined organs, the higher percentage recorded in esophagus 64%, and least percentage in diaphragm 47%, also the prevalence in females 79. 03 % was higher than males 60..86%. In addition, the results revealed that the infection rate increased with the age and the higher percentage was observed in animals 2-6 years, while the lowest was recorded in animals aged 6-12 months.
Comparative Histological and morphometrical study of lacrimal apparatus of Awasi sheep and native black goat
Authors: Daryuos M. M. , Ahmed N. S.
Published: August 2023

The aim of  the study was to explain general histological features of lacrimal apparatus of both animals.    Eight pairs of Lacrimal glands, eight pairs of superior lacrimal glands of third eyelid and the same number of extra glandular duct system used for histological study. lacrimal glands were compound mixed tubuloacinar glands composed of serous, mucous and mixed acini (have both serous and mucous cells) . The percentage of acinar shape was greater than tubular shape of both glands of the studied animals, while the mucous acini were comparatively greater in lacrimal glands of Awasi sheep than those of black goat were. It was considerable increase in numbers of myoepithelial cells of secretory acini of lacrimal glands in black goat. The intercalated ducts were lined with low couboidal epithelium, then gradually increase in height to become stratified cuboidal to stratified columinar epithelium in both sheep and goat. It was noticed that the percentage of light cells and goblet cells within the wall of duct system inside the glands of Awasi sheep was greater than that of black goat, while the percentage of goblet cells in the wall of all parts of  extra glandular duct system of the black goat was greater than that of Awasi sheep. There was a variable amount of smooth muscle fibers around the connective tissue of interlobular ducts especially in the superior lacrimal gland of third eyelid of black goat.
Effect of Antituberculosis, (Rifampicin & Isoniazide) on Female Reproductive System Performance in Adult Rats
Authors: AL-Chalaby A. S.
Published: August 2023

A study   was   made    of    the     effects   of    anti-tuberculosis agents (Rifampicin, Isoniazide) on female   reproductive performance, (30) Adult   female albino    rats were   used, While ( 12 ) were    treated     orally   with  Rifampicin ( 50 mg/kg  )   and    Isoniazide  ( 25 mg/kg )    for   60    days , and    reversibility   of     the    induced     effects    by    withdrawal    of    the   treatment     for   30    days   were    also investigated ,  as   well    as   6    rats  served   as control  , Results   reveled    that  absolute   and   relative     weight    of     uterus   and    spleen    are  significantly   non   changed    , while   absolute   and   relative     weight  of   the ovary     decreased  significantly ,    relative    liver   weight    increased    significantly    , while   Isoniazide    cause   significantly   increased   in  heart     weight  ,  compared to control group, The     withdrawal    of    Rifampicin and    Isoniazide     for    30    days   brought    about     on    complete     recovery   , Fertility     was    reduced    significantly      after      both     Rifampicin and    Isoniazide     administration    for   60   days   , Hence     the   effects     of    Rifampicin and    Isoniazide are transient and reversible.
Moniezia expansa (Moniex, 1879) in camels (Camelus dromedarius) in central Iraq
Authors: Anisimova I. E. , Al-Fatlawi A. M.
Published: August 2023

This survey was carried out to determine the prevalence of intestinal cestodes in the small intestine of camels in Diwania and Najaf province in the central region of Iraq.A total of 47 camelus dromedarius were examined in September and October 2012. 27.65% of camels harboring Moniezia expansa. 13 and 34 camels were examined in Diwania and Najaf abattoir, 2 and 11 of them have Moniezia with infections rate 15.38% and 32.35% respectively.    September appear highly infections rate (33.33%) than October (23.07%), during examination 21 and 26 camels in these months.Infections rate were highly in female (30.55%) than male (18.18%). Rate of infection increase with age, first G1 was (0%), G2 (23%) and G3 (38.88%).    Moniezia burden arrange from 1- 7, with mean number 2.9 worm\infected camel.
Assessment of Nephroprotective role of Irbesartan against gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in rats
Authors: Ghafil Fadaa A. , Al-Zubaidi Fatimah A. , Almedeny Seher A.
Published: August 2023

Aims of study : The present study was undertaken to assess the renoprotective effect of irbesartan on gentamicin induced nephrotoxicity in male rats.    Materials and methods: Fifteen male adult Sprague-Dawely rats were enrolled in this study, rats were separated randomly into 3 groups, five rats in each group, the first group  maintained on normal standard chow diet, served as control group. The second group  received gentamicin 100 mg/kg/day, i.p for 4 weeks. The third group received gentamicin 100mg/kg/day i.p concomitantly with irbesartan 25 mg/kg/day p.o for 4 weeks.    Results: Gentamicin treatment increased serum urea, creatinine and tissue malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly. Irbesartan treatment decreased serum urea, creatinine and tissue MDA significantly.    Conclusion: Gentamicin induced nenephrotoxicity can be prevented by coadministration with irbesartan.
Effect of Use Two General Anesthetic Regimes on Some Clinical and Biochemical Parameters in Donkeys
Authors: Khalaf Albozachri Jassim M. , Al-faris Abdalbari A. , Majeed Saleh K.
Published: August 2023

The present study was assigned to investigate  the effect of use two general anesthetic regimes (Tramadol, Ketamine and Xylazine ) and (Diazepam, Ketamine and Xylazine) on some clinical and biochemical parameters in donkeys. Eight  adult local breed donkeys weighting between (90- 160 kg) were used in this study. Donkeys were divided equally into two groups  (T+K+X)and (D+K+X) .    Group(T+K+X): Four donkeys used to induction of general anesthesia by intravenous administration of the following drugs: Tramadol hydrochloride (5mg /Kg B.W.), Ketamine (2.2 mg/kg B.W) and Xylazine  (1.1 mg/kg B.W). Group (D+K+X): Four donkeys used to induction of general anesthesia was made by administration of the same drugs in the same dose as in group (T+K+X) except Tramadol that was replaced by Diazepam( 0.11 mg/kg B.W).    Data were collected immediately before intravenous administration of premedication (control data) and continuously after administration of anesthetics. Parameters included clinical measures: heart rate and rectal temperature, at time of   5,10,15,20,25,30, and 60 minutes. The biochemical examination (AST and ALT) estimated at  the times zero, 25 minutes  and 3 days.    The results revealed that significant differences in the means of heart rate  between groups (T+K+X)and(D+K+X) the heart rate was increase in (D+K+X)  group in compare with(T+K+X) group . as well as was significant differences in the  means of heart rate within(T+K+X) groups , it was  gradually increased at times 5 and 10 minute  then return close to control value at 15,20,25,30 and 60 minute while in (D+K+X) the means of heart rat were increased at all times in compared with zero time. There were significant differences in rectal body temperature between two groups , the means of rectal temperature were significantly increased in (D+K+X) group at 10,15 and 60 minutes . In addition there were gradual decreases in the rectal temperature within group at time 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 and 60 minutes in(T+K+X) while it was increased at 20 and 25 then stayed  within normal values in other group. There were no significant differences in the mean values of  AST between two  groups. AST mean was elevated significantly at Day 3 in (T+K+X)  but it was decreased at  time 25 minutes in(D+K+X).    The results also showed significant increase in ALT value  in (T+K+X) group in compare with (D+K+X) group at time 25 minutes but it was completely inversed at Day 3. At time 25 minutes ALT was increased significantly in (T+K+X) then decreased at Day 3 while it was decreased at times 25 minutes and Day 3 in (D+K+X).
Histopathological and Histochemical Study of Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis in Mice
Authors: Al-Kennany E. R. , Rahawi A. M. , Al-Jabori S. A.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to investigate the histopathological and histochemical alteration of intestinal mice infected with C. parvum isolated from calf feces. The result elucidate that histopathologcal changes represented by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of epithelium villi in mucosa and submucosal gland, presence of different developmental stages of parasite attached to brush border of epithelium and in crypt in addition to proliferation of mononuclear inflammatory cell and blunts of villi have been observed as compared with control group. Histochemcially, histological sections of infected mice revealed strong positive reaction with AB pH 1.0. In addition to positive reaction with PAS – AB pH 2.5 as compared with control group.Conclusion: This study investigated that infection with C. parvum cause changes in mucosubstances secreted from goblet cells of mucosal villi and submucosal glands.
The effect of vitamin C on ovary of female white rats treated with kmno4. Histological & physiological study
Authors: Al-Katib Sami Raheem , A. Al Azam Ahmed H. , Habeab Sana Abadi
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted to verify the oxidative stress status by using different doses of KMno4 (100,200,300) mg /70kg b.w and role of antioxidant agents at different concentrations of Vitamin C (1000, 1500, 2000) mg /70kg b.w on female infertility. To achieve this aim, 72 female rats with ages of 2-3 months, weighing( 180g-250g)  Were enrolled .To compare the results, 24 healthy individuals of ages(2-3 months) were also studied which divided to three chief groups: treated with KMno4, Vitamin C and combination of (KMno4+Vitamin C) . Serum Vitamin C and ovaries were dissected for histopathological study. The results indicated a significant decrease (p<0.05) of Vitamin C values in sera of groups that treated with (KMno4) alone, when compared with the control group, while Vitamin C levels showed a significant (p<0.05) increase in Vitamin C treated groups in respect with those of the control group. The highest levels of Vitamin C values were found in the groups that combined of treated with (KMno4+Vitamin C). There was a normal histological appearance of ovary in control group, the treatment with 1000 mg/70kg vitC. b wt showed an increase in the blood flow within the parenchyma of ovary representing congestion of blood vessels and numerous of growing follicles and huge graffian follicles. While treatment with different doses of KMno4 resulted in appearance of few number of growing follicles and huge graffian follicles. These results highlighted the involvement of the oxidative stress in female infertility and confirmed the benefits of the use of antioxidants in the medication of this condition, not only to improve the environment of follicles, but also to modulate female infertility hormonal profile.
Prevalence of helminth in the alimentary tract of house reared chickens in Al-Dewania city
Authors: Karawan A. Ch.
Published: August 2023

We examined 125 faecal samples of house reared chickens from different region  of al dewania city of different ages between (6 months –5 Years). from ( January of 2010 – the end of august 2010 ). The percentage of the total infection of the internal helminthes egg  68,8% .    The egg of Ascaridia galli was the most commen represented with 21.6 % . while the oocystes of Eimeria spp represented with 15.2% . Capillaria spp represented with 13,6% . while the eggs of Heterakis gallinarum represented with 12% . The eggs of Raillietina spp represented with 6,4 % . The mixed infection was the most predominant being 40,69  %.
Seroepidemiology of Rift Valley Fever in Basrah
Authors: Muhsen Rahman Kadhum
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted in Basrah to evaluate the seroepidemiological prevalence of Rift valley fever in Basrah . Serum samples were collected from 1215 sheep from 5 distinct regions in Basrah and submitted to the ELISA test to estimate the titer of specific antibodies against rift valley fever virus . The result revealed that , the overall seroprevalence RVF in Basrah was 0. 89 % . There was no significant differences in the seroprevalence of RVF among different regions in Basrah (  P > 0.05 ) . The highest seroprevalence were reported in sheep older than 3 years compared with other age groups and this difference were statistically highly significant ( P < 0.01 ) . On other hands there was no statistical difference in the seroprevalence of RVF between male and female (  P > 0.05 ) .
Study the Effectiveness of Chitosan on Experimental Infection of Chicks with Salmonellosis
Authors: Omran Hasseba A. , A. Al-Haddad Zainab A.
Published: August 2023

This research attributed with chitosan as prebiotic and immunomodulator as well as to determine its effect on the body weights of experimental of chicks. The results had been showed increasing in body weights of chicks had been given chitosan.    The bacterial isolated revealed that chicks groups exposed to infection with Salmonella typhimurium and treated with chitosan before and with the same time of infection, these groups appeared a decrease in the bacterial isolation from intestines and liver in comparing with those exposed to infection without given chitosan    The passive heamagglutination test also revealed higher antibodies titers against Salmonella typhimurium in the same groups above in comparing with positive and negative control groups, so all these results detected the ability of this compound as inhibitor for bacterial growth and replication and to minimize their numbers as well as its effect and immunomodullator.
Effect of Powder of Pomegranate (Punica granatum) Peels on Lipid Profile in Hypercholesterolemic Rats
Authors: Mohammed Al-Muslehi Mohammed Saad
Published: August 2023

A present study was carried out to investigate the effects of Pomegranate Peel Powder (PPP) on the lipid profile and body weight gain ratio on hypercholestrolemic male rats. PPP was added to hypercholesterolemic diet by (10%, 15% and 20%) as dietary fiber supplement. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into five groups (8/group). First group (A) kept as control negative, second group (B) control positive given hypercholesterolemic diet, while group (C, D and E) Given hypercholestrolemic diet plus (10%, 15% and 20%) of PPP respectively. Food consumption was recorded daily. Blood samples collected at the end of the experiment (28 days) for measuring the following parameters: serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL and VLDL. At the end of the experiment animals were scarified to measuring the kidney to body weight ratio, liver to body weight ratio. Results indicated that all (B, C, D and E) groups showed significant (P<0.05) changes in all tested lipids profile comparing with group A. On the other hand, the groups (C, D and E) revealed significant (P<0.05) decrease in all tested lipids profile comparing with group B except HDL in group E. Furthermore, all (C, D and E) groups had significant (P<0.05) decrease in body weight gain ratio and food consumption when compared with group B. Moreover, kidney and liver weights to body weight ratio had highly significant (P<0.05) decrease for all (C, D and E) groups comparing with group B.
Effect of oxytocin hormone after parturition on rate of retained placenta of dairy cows in south- west of Baghdad
Authors: M. Mohammed Y.
Published: August 2023

The aims of this research was showed the effect of oxytocin injection after parturition on rate of retained placenta in dairy cows.    The research done in the biggest dairy cow station south - West of Baghdad which have cow with Friesian and Holsteincross breed.    Divided these research cows in two group , first group had 120 unipara cows and second group 150 multipara cows, the resultes was show before used the oxytocin hormone 54% and 63.3% normal partertion for first and second groups of cows with dystocia 46% and 36.7% , retained  placenta rate was 26% and 20.7% of both group.    After used the hormon 50 I.U /i.m  within 3 hours after parturition .  the first group ( 111 ) unipara cows and 140 multipara cows, the normal parturition showed 56% and 64.5% with dystcoia 44% and 35.5% with retained planet rates 18% and 16.5% or both group.The result A now No significant (P<0.05)  different in the value between groups.
Synergistic effect of propolis and antibiotics on the Salmonella Typhi TY21
Authors: AL- safi Shatha Mousa
Published: August 2023

The study was aimed at determining the synergistic effect of crude ethanolic extract of  AL-Najaf  propolis (EENP) with antibiotic (Ampicilin and Gentamycin) against  Salmonella typhi by the method of disc diffusion. Result  revealed that  EEP a good antibacterial activity against bacteria at different concentrations 100,50 mg/ml and the results of Apmicillin–propolis combination on the bacterial isolates were; synergistic to words Salmonella Typhi. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between effect of Apmicillin and Apmicillin –propolis combination on bacterial isolates ,there was no significant differences between gentamycin and gentamycin–propolis combination at level (P≤0.05). but there are additive effect on salmonella typhi.
Protective Effect of Petroselinum crispum(parsley)extract on histopathological changes in liver ,kidney and pancreas induced by Sodium Valproate- In male Rats
Authors: Jassim Adnan M.
Published: August 2023

The present study was done to investigate the protective effect parsley extract against liver ,kidney ,pancreas damage induced by sodium valoproate in rats,The protective effect of alcoholic parsley extract against toxicity induced by sodium valproate (SVP) in male rats was studied. These experiment was carried out along 7 weeks, twenty four male rats divided into three equal groups. Group (1) was kept as normal control (given vehicle), while rats of group (2) were given orally SVP in a dose of 500 mg/kg /day. While group (3) protected by parsley extract dose of  200 mg/kg /day and receive orally SVP in a dose of 500 mg/kg /day for 7 weeks at end of experiment animal were scarified and tissue of liver ,kidney and pancreas were isolated for study histopathological  changes .    The histopathological changes of liver reveal  mild degree of steatosis reflected by micro vacuoles of the cytoplasm , Loss of normal arraying of hepatocytes indicates mild degree of liver atrophy ,   central vein.  Focal liver necrosis,  the dead cells are replaced by leukocytic infiltration .The histopathological changes of kidney tissue treated with valproate  reveal  The proximal  and the distal convoluted tubules show hydropic changes(small white vacules within the cytoplasma and The glomeruli show hypercellularity. More ever  study reveal there is no histopathological changes could be detected in pancreas except there is interstitial edema in animal treated with valproic acid.    Conclusion: Petroselinum crispum(parsley) exhibited significant anti-hepatotoxic activities and protective activity on kidney damage induced by valoproic  acid .
prevalence of subclinical coccidiosis associated with house reared chickens in Al-Muthanna province , Iraq
Authors: Hemzah  Al Se´adawy Mohenned A.
Published: August 2023

A point prevalence study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Eimeria species in house reared chickens in Al- Muthanna province in western south of Iraq. 129 fecal and intestinal samples were collected. The total infection with Eimeria species was 21.7%. Highest infection rate was 28.5% with E. acervulina while lowest infection rate was 7.1% with E. brunetti and E.tenella. The highest prevalence rate was  in months of  November (52%) while lowest rate in February 3.3% and there was significant effect of months on proportion of positive samples at P<0.05.
Writing scientific thesis/dissertation in biology field: Deviation in introduction context writing
Authors: Salman Huda D , Yaseen Nahi Y
Published: August 2023

Writing a scientific articles or thesis or dissertations has vital role to impart the ideas of the researcher to interesting audience and to enhance scientific communication. Postgraduate students in the field of biology in Iraqi Universities must write and present a thesis or a dissertation as a partial fulfilment of the requirements to obtain their MSc or PhD degrees. Introduction chapter, in these thesis or dissertation, must be written clearly and aims to justify the significance of the research working and to link the work to other previous research. Introduction writing process is getting growing problem as it shows differed styles of writing not in compatible with standard guidelines.  Hence, this article aimed to focus on the studying the context style of introduction chapter in biological thesis or dissertations. The study included analysis of 124 thesis and dissertations, and interviewing 114 postgraduate students to discuss the introduction writing process. Introduction writing context was analyzed and evaluated according to the standard guidelines for scientific writing. The interview focused on scientific background, knowledge and approaches of student to how to write introduction.  The results revealed that students showed significant defect and very poor knowledge in introduction context writing. Deviation from standard guidelines was noticed in all thesis and dissertations introduction writing criteria. All students claimed that they hadn’t passed any syllabus concerning writing process, and their writing style depended on transferring or copying the styles of previous written thesis or dissertations even they were not correct.  The study strongly recommends introducing specific syllabus for scientific research methods and scientific writing for postgraduate students before starting their thesis or dissertation writing.
Pathological and molecular study of mycotic abortion in ewes
Authors: Faris Bushra Hamza , Alwan Mohammed J. , Abdulmajeed Ban Abbass
Published: August 2023

The aims of the present study is  to isolate the fungal species associated with ewe abortion and to examine the histopathological  changes in the placenta associated with fungal isolates .In addition to study the genetic information  of TNF alpha gene, intensity and score of TNF-alpha  protein in  aborted and normal placenta by PCR and IHC respectivly. Frozen placental tissue and paraffin embedded tissue   belong to aborted and normal groups were used for assessment of TNF alpha gene by studying the   genetic information of TNF-alpha   gene   in aborted and normal   placental sample by PCR .immmunohistochemical study was carried out to determine TNF protein in  the placental sample. The same frozen placenta tissue samples  were also used for DNA extraction to detect TNF alpha gene in the two groups.    A fragment of (238 bp ) of the TNF alpha gene was amplified by PCR using primers ,the sequence of sense and antisense primer for TNF  alpha  gene was: GAA TAC CTG GAC TAT GCC GA,CC TCA CTT CCC TAC ATC CCT (bp 238) Gene Bank:   X56756.    The study showed that 10 fungal species were isolated from aborted  placenta with high percentage of these isolates was recorded in March ,.The fungal isolates were variable according to region of sample collecting ,high percentage in the  AL-Manathera(36%),followed by Al-Kuzweenia (34%) and Al-Shabaka(30%).The fungal isolates include Coccidioides immitis (16%). Asperigllus.fumigitus (14%), Trichophyton, Rhodetella rubra,  and Aspergillus.ochraus ,(10%) for each one . Candida  kruzei,(8%). Aspergillus.flavus and Geotrichum ,6%) for each one . Prototheca..zopfi, Saccharomyces.cerevisia, Blast.capitatuss, Cryptococcus uniguttultus and Candida zeylanoides,(4%) for each one .           This study revealed the presence of ~238bp band in addition to the ~300 ,400 and 600  bp desired fragment in PCR products that  related to aborted samples compared to normal one .,this may be  due to polymorphism within the TNF gene itself.       We  found a significant elevated TNF alpha  protein   in inflammatory cell (macrophage) of aborted sheep placenta (increasing of intensity and score), while no changes could be observed for pro-inflammatory  molecules in the control sample (normal delivery)      The current study expressed   correlation between polymorphisms in TNF- alpha gene ,immunohistochimistry and the fungal isolated species.        The histopathological examination showed acute suppurative  placentitis, necrosis of chorion villi, congestion of  blood vessels with fibrin deposition in the  villus stroma and inter villus space, in addition to calcification in the villus stroma and  sloughing and desquamation of cytotrophoblast .numerous  yeast  and spheriols were detected in the placental tissue  by periodic acid Schiff reaction(PAS).
Diagnostic Study of the Mange Mites Infestation in Sheep in Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf province
Authors: Abbas AL-Kardi Ihsan Khudhair
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to isolate and diagnose species of mites that cause mange in sheep and investigate percentages of infestation in different  regions of AL- Najaf  Province and also the effects of age, sex of animals on the prevalence of the disease were studied .     The results of the microscopical examination of the skin scraping were revealed that 54 of the sheep were infested with mites with an overall percentage of infestation 7.17%.     In this study one genus of mange mites were recorded that parasitized sheep Psoroptes communis var ovis which found on back, shoulder, fat tail regions of animal body.     The prevalence of the infestation was highest in sheep older than two years (9.02%) and the lowest in sheep with age younger  than two years (1.9%). The prevalence of mange mites in male sheep was 0.8% versus 8.2% in females. Statistically there were significant differences (P>0.05) according to the age and sex of animals and the differences in percentages of infestation were significant     ( p< 0.05) according to different regions of study.    The gross pathological changes of the mange mites on the infested skin were the laceration of epidermis with a scar formation and the skin’s loss of flexibility, toughness with sclerosis, fissuring and dryness, and the highest regions of animal body infestation by Psoroptes were the back , shoulder and fat tail .
Clinical and biochemical studies on zinc deficiency (hypozincemia) of goat and sheep
Authors: Khaleel Khaleel Zainel
Published: August 2023

Clinical, and some biochemical parameters have been studied in local sheep and goat affected naturally with hypozincemia in Al-Najaf province, Iraq. The study was conducted on 25 local Iraqi sheep and 15 goat, the age of these animals were between 1-2 year old. Twenty  clinical healthy sheep of the same ages were used as control. Affected sheep and goat showed signs of alopecia (36.36% , 27.27% )  abnormal skin (rough, thickened, wrinkled, cracked and dandruff ) (45.45% , 27.27% ), paleness of mucous membranes (63.63% , 36.36% ),  loss of appetite (63.63% , 36.36% ), decreased growth rate (36.36% , 18.18% ), swelling of joints (18.18% , 9.09%) and pica (9.09% , 9.09% ) respectively. No significant difference has been detected in body temperature, whereas respiratory and heart rates were significantly increased in affected animals in comparison with control. The biochemical results revealed significant decrease in serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase  level in diseased animals than in control one.
Epidemiological study for Toxoplasmosis andLeishmaniasis in stray dogs in Diwaniya city/Iraq
Authors: Jassem Ghydaa Abass
Published: August 2023

A total of 175 blood sample of stray dogs from urban and rural in Diwaniya city /Iraq were examined for detection of Toxoplasmosis by Latex test and dipstick test to visceral Leishmaniasis , with Mercaptoethanol test to detect  acute and chronic infection for both disease. The total rate infection that recorded was 48% positive to Toxoplasmosis in urban and rural , 63% acute and 36.9% chronic to the disease in urban and rural , and from the total 45% was acute in female with 51.6% acute in male .                      In conclusion of samples recorded 46.8% positive for Leishmaniasis in urban and rural, 28% Acute and 71.9% chronic for disease . According to the sex 64.4% female acute and 35.5% chronic for disease with 45.9% Male acute and 54% chronic for disease , the mixed infection of Leishmaniasis and toxoplasmosis show 42.6% in urban and 18%in rural .
Evaluation levels of IgG and some biochemical parameters in water buffalos vaccinated with HS vaccine in Al-Qassem Town
Authors: AbedAli Basim H. , Ulaiwi Hassan Kh. , Jaber Ali H.
Published: August 2023

The current study was conducted on sixteen water buffalos to evaluate some serum enzymes, metabolic product, bilirubin and minerals during the last period of pregnancy and the effect of pregnancy on level of IgG after immunization with HS vaccine. The buffalos were divided equally into two groups: pregnant group (P) and control group (C), each group included eight buffalo. Thirty two blood samples were taken buffalos, sixteen samples from each group; between each drew one month intervals. All buffalos of group (P) were in the last period of pregnancy. The buffalos were vaccinated with HS vaccine. Bilirubin,Alanine Aminotransferase ( ALT), gamma-glutamyl Transferase (GGT), potassium (K+), Creatinine and urea were examined by using Reflatron apparatus, as well as IgG concentrations were determined by radial immunodiffusion plate (IgG RID). The results revealed that there were no difference between levels of bilirubin in treated (0.670±0.057) and control (0.762± 0.151) group, ALT levels showed a significant differences between pregnancy group (10,42±0.481) and control group (24.92±0.507), GGT levels revealed no significant differences between pregnancy (7.23±0.59) and control (7.57±0.92), the levels of K+ revealed slightly difference between Pregnancy (5.58±0.96) and control (3.67±0.48), creatinine levels in pregnancy group also showed mild increase in levels (5.66±0.83) as compared with control group (2.63±0.64), while serum urea concentrations were within the normal rang (50 mg/dl±0.72).The result showed that there were a significant differences between the first and second intervals of study (P<0.05). The mean of IgG protein concentrations were (677.076±0.79 mg/dl). The conclusion that the concentrations of IgG in pregnant buffalo vaccinated with HS was not affected by pregnancy and remained within normal values during the last period of pregnancy, while some parameters including liver enzymes, kidney bilirubin and minerals function affected more than others during last period of pregnancy, while the IgG concentrations were still within normal levels during pregnancy periods.
Effect of Dietary Sodium Bicarbonate as a Replacement of Sodium Chloride Salt on Some Blood and Physiological Parameters of Broilers Experimentally Infected with Eimeria
Authors: Abdulhamid Sabah N. , AL-Hamiari Maha A. , Hasan Amir A.
Published: August 2023

This study was conducted to determined the effect of dietary sodium bicarbonate as a replacement of sodium chloride salt on some blood and physiological parameters of broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria. A totally of 120 one-day old chicks were divided into three groups, 40 chicks in each . The first group fed standard ration supplemented with 0.3 % sodium chloride salt, second and third groups were fed standard ration supplemented with 0.3 and 0.6 % sodium bicarbonate salt respectively. Blood samples were collected from all groups after experimentally infected with Eimeria. The results revealed that dietary sodium bicarbonate as a replacement of sodium chloride salt did not affected blood and physiological parameters of broilers before Eimeria infection, when as replacement of sodium bicarbonate salt (T2 and T3) groups significantly (P<0.05) increased blood Hb, RBC, Lymphocyte cell and serum enzymes activity in comparison with control (T1) . This indicated the important of dietary sodium bicarbonate as a replacement of sodium chloride salt to improve health and physiological status of broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria.
The effect of Simvastatin in attenuation of Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion injury
Authors: Hadi Najah Raiesh , Yousif Fadhil Ghaly , Zamil Suhaad Traiji
Published: August 2023

Background: Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion represents a clinically relevant problem associated with thrombolysis, angioplasty and coronary bypass surgery. Injury of myocardium due to ischemia–reperfusion includes cardiac contractile dysfunction, arrhythmias as well as irreversible myocytes damage.Objective: This study was undertaken to investigate the potential role of simvastatin in amelioration of myocardial I/R injury  induced by ligation of coronary artery in a rat model. Materials & methods:  adult male Swiss Albino  rats were randomized into 4 equal groups. Group (I) sham group: rats underwent the same anesthetic and surgical procedure as the control group except ligation of LAD coronary artery , Group(II) control group: rats subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of  LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours ,Group(III ) control vehicle group: rats received vehicle of  simvastatin (normal saline) via I.P injection  and subjected to regional ischemia for 25 min by ligation of LAD coronary artery and reperfusion for 2 hours  , Group(IV) simvastatin treated group   :rats pretreated with simvastatin 1mg/kg i.p 1 hr before ligation of LAD coronary artery. At the end of experiment (2 hr of reperfusion), the heart was harvested and  the part  of the heart just below the site of ligation was divided into two parts ,the upper part was homogenized for the measurement of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and the lower part of tissues fixed in 10% formalin and embedded in paraffin the sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) then  used for histopathological study .Results: Compared with the sham group, levels of myocardial IL-1β, were increased (p<0.001) in the control group. Simvastatin   significantly counteract the increase in myocardium level of IL-1B (P < 0.001). Histological analysis revealed that simvastatin   markedly reduced (P < 0.001) the severity of cardiac injury in the rats underwent LAD ligation procedure .Conclusions:The results of the present study reveal that simvastatin may ameliorate myocardial I/R injury in rats   via interfering with  inflammatory responses  which induced by I/R injury.