bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the effects of the development of traditional tectonic systems of low-rise buildings
Authors: Pleshivtsev Alexander , Pakunova Tatiana
Published: December 2019

The Genesis of architectural science (in the framework of the development of the theory of architecture) is accompanied (clarified, supplemented, changed) by the conceptual and semantic meaning of tectonics — one of the main categories of composition (architectural composition). In the theory of architecture (as a special field of architectural science), the concept of “tectonics” is associated with various aspects of the architectural image: the expression of artistic and aesthetic concept; display of the interaction of the structural basis and form; the implementation of exclusively utilitarian features of the object, without taking into account the established laws and the place of tectonics in the composition, the Systemicity of the architectural environment is formed by the system of the human activity itself, focused on the analysis of the surrounding world (space). Architectural practice involves the formation of artificial systems, which are usually understood as organized material structures and related functional processes of life and production activity, which allow to implement certain efforts to achieve this goal. The architectural systems intended for a certain type of utilitarian and functional activity acquire the status of architectural (production, town-planning) object and are systematized according to certain typological signs and classification rules.
Effectiveness of the method of soil substitution under the foundations during the construction of a secondary school
Authors: Kurochkina Valentina , Yakovleva Irina
Published: December 2019

The hydro-geological conditions at the secondary school construction site in the village of Putilkovo, Moscow Region, were underestimated, and the method of soil replacement under- the foundation plates turned out to be inefficient. A brook in the construction zone and a high level of ground waters led to the wash-out of the soil from under the foundation plates at the time of spring floods. The construction works stopped because of the deformation of soil layers under the foundation plates as well as of the danger of the structure fall. The geodetic observations of the foundation settling and the inspection of bearing capacity of monolith structural elements were carried out, and the measures were taken on the strengthening of foundation soils by the grout injection method with the arrangement of soil-and-cement columns. The monolith basement structures were strengthened as well. The under-estimation of hydro-geological conditions at the design stage led to incorrect design solutions. The construction outage, the development of new design solutions and the introduction of these design solutions led to the increase in the project cost and a longer construction period.
Research on the basis of foam glass substrates with additions of copper compounds
Authors: Dmitriyev Yuriy , Yurchenko Eugene , Yurchenko Elena , Kakosyan Astkhyk , Vorobei Elena
Published: December 2019

Obtained artificial substrates, representing a porous glass (foam glass) with additives of 3 to 10% of the mass. copper ions. Glass raw materials were used as raw materials for the synthesis of substrates. In order to create open porosity, a carbonate blowing agent (chalk) was introduced into the initial mixture. Foaming additive served as sodium nitrate, a source of copper ions - copper sulfate (copper sulfate). A distinctive feature of the synthesis method was the combination of wetting the initial mixture and its rapid heating to maximum temperature. This mode was used to increase the porosity of the resulting structure. It was found that the water absorption of the obtained substrates increases with an increase in the concentration of copper ions in them. The resulting materials, due to the increased content of copper ions in them, may have a fungicidal effect. Perhaps their use in crop production, landscape design, the construction industry in conditions of high humidity.
Social transformations of speech culture in information age
Authors: Gudmanian Artur , Drotianko Liubov , Sydorenko Sergiy , Zhuravliova Oksana , Yahodzinskyi Sergiy
Published: December 2019

The paper looks at the major technological, sociocultural and linguistic factors that are changing the nature of interpersonal communication in the Information Age, and some manifestations of these changes. Rapid progress of technology, above all, the advent of the Internet, brought about dramatic changes in the modes and parameters of human communication over the recent decades. New types of written communication arose and have firmly established themselves on the global scale – in social networks, chats, blogs, forums and various Internet communities. Having created unprecedented possibilities for connecting with people irrespective of their location, age or social status, innovative technology is at the same time challenging standards of communication ethics and speech culture. Sociocultural transformations in the modern society, democratization of social relations contribute to weakening of speech norms and deterioration of overall speech culture, especially among young people. The increasing role of English as a language of global communication and its reputation of the dominant language of new technology and virtual reality are inevitably influencing speech habits of the Internet users across the globe. The combined work of all these factors results in visible deterioration of speech culture, standardization and simplification of speech, elimination of cultural specificity, tendency to replace expressive language means with emoji, downgrading of style, defying norms of spelling, word use and grammar. Obvious irreversibility of technological progress and the growing share of life people spend online call on specialists from various related fields to continue comprehensive analysis of transformations of speech culture in the modern world with the aim to assess societal risks and work out timely and adequate countermeasures.
Calculation of a two-phase system of a liquified hydrocarbon gas
Authors: Malysheva Anna
Published: December 2019

Liquefied hydrocarbon gases are a mixture of chemical compounds, consisting mainly of hydrogen and carbon with different molecular structures. The main components of liquefied hydrocarbon gases are propane and butane, containing lighter hydrocarbons (methane and ethane) and heavier ones (pentane) in the form of impurities. All of these components are saturated hydrocarbons. The composition of liquefied hydrocarbon gases can also include unsaturated hydrocarbons: ethylene, propylene, butylene. Butane-butylenes may be present as isomeric compounds (isobutane and isobutylene). When designing and operating liquefied petroleum gas systems, it is necessary to take into account the external equilibrium between the liquid and the gas. The paper analyzes the change in the ratio of components, in which the relative content of lighter hydrocarbons will decrease, while the content of heavier ones will increase. With an intensive flow of gas, the temperature of the liquid will drop sharply, estimation will be disturbed, and the vessel will freeze. Therefore, when operating balloon installations, it is very important to consider safety issues that are associated with containers’ filling, as well as with the change in the composition of hydrocarbon gases mixture. The discussed issues related to the calculation of a two-phase system of liquefied hydrocarbon gas can improve the operating conditions of the systems.
Green economy: a role of IMC in formation of public consciousness
Authors: Sharyan Emma , Karimova Irina , Bagdasarova Elvina
Published: December 2019

The article considers the system-forming role of integrated marketing communications as a means of building a dialogue and finding a compromise between business, government and society. The impact of integrated communications on the formation of conscious consumption and care for environment in the countries of the world and in Russia has been estimated. The absence or insufficient efforts of the state to inform a consumer about environmental initiatives which form a negative or neglectful attitude to eco-activism as a whole have been revealed. Vice versa, carefully planned and purposeful actions to form introduce environmental initiatives and inform the target audience about them lead to a positive response from business and public, conscious adherence to established rules and regulations (separate collection of waste, reduction of consumption, saving of natural resources, saving production and etc.) and the formation of additional voluntary commitments and initiatives. As a result of the research, it was proposed to introduce the concept of re-use, reduce, recycle in Russia, both by companies and households.
Analyzing the state of mining towns in the Ural region
Authors: Kolchina Margarita , Konovalov Vladimir , Kolchina Natalya
Published: December 2019

The article concentrates on the analysis of the current state of settlements at the territory of the Ural region. The Ural region is shown to be an industrial and highly urbanized area. There are some settlements at the territory of the Ural region where the mining complex is the city-forming enterprise, they are mining towns. It has been revealed that the negative environmental impact never vanishes with the termination of mining but causes some new social, economic and ecological problems. With the purpose of reducing the negative impact of mining effect, a number of measures have been proposed aimed to renovate the mining complex facilities which remained after liquidation and to rehabilitate the industrial areas which remained after mineral deposit development termination.
Procedures for monetary assessment of the labour component of organizations
Authors: Pirogova Oksana , Nuzhdin Roman , Kondrashova Nadezhda
Published: December 2019

To obtain objective information about the level of staff remuneration and the possibilities of making effective managerial, including personnel, decisions, analytical procedures for the monetary assessment of the labour component of the organization have been developed. It is proposed to conduct a monetary assessment sequentially by means of implementing four analytical procedures for comparing the average monthly wage of personnel: with the established minimum wage; with a living wage; with the average wage in the region; with an average wage by type of economic activity. The results of a monetary assessment of the labour component of the Voronezh region sugar factories over a six-year period indicate the economic inappropriateness of using the minimum wage and the subsistence minimum as criteria. First, the values of these indicators do not correspond to the level of economic development of the region and do not provide for the satisfaction of the real needs of the working-age population. Secondly, their use to verify compliance with legal requirements is correct only at the individual level, and not throughout the organization. It was found that the level of staff remuneration in the organizations under study is lower than the regional average in 82% of cases. The results of the sectoral assessment indicate the absence of a unified approach to the remuneration of the personnel of organizations for labour, including those included in one holding.
Industry 4.0 in the mining industry: global trends and innovative development
Authors: Bertayeva Kulyash , Panaedova Galina , Natocheeva Natalia , Kulagovskaya Tat’yana , Belyanchikova Tatiana
Published: December 2019

The article shows that the implementation of Industry 4.0 will be implemented in many sectors of the global economy, including the coal industry. In Russia, “positive” experience has been accumulated in connection with the implementation of the Smart Mine and Smart Cut projects. The purpose of this article is to identify trends in the innovative development of the mining industry, as well as to systematize the basic elements of the Industry 4.0 project on basic mining processes. In the process of the study, the authors of the article prepared an enlarged systematization of technological solutions for the mining industry, which corresponds to the main directions of the global Industry-4.0 project and allows us to proceed with the formation of a technological platform that includes the need to implement the projects “Virtual Mine of the Future” and “Virtual Section of the Future”.
Improvement of innovation systems in sustainable economic development
Authors: Ermilova Mariia , Maksimova Tatiana , Zhdanova Olga , Zohrab Dokhoyan
Published: December 2019

This topic of sustainable development and maintenance and development of innovations contributes to the improvement of the ecosystem as a whole. The development and application of global sustainable development goals in the economy of each country contributes to improving the quality of life of the population, conservation of nature, etc. Globalization of economic development contributes to new trends in the future. Within the framework of this direction, various problems related to the SDGs (Sustainable Development Goals) issues are investigated. Sustainable development in general contributes to the accelerated growth of new trends in economic and environmental aspects in many developed and developing countries. The main goal of sustainable development is to create a single basic framework for the unification, renewal and rational use of natural and energy resources, human capital and other energy sources. Innovative technologies contribute to the development of these areas at an accelerated pace, for example, the use of solar energy will help to reduce energy and fuel costs, which will have a significant impact on the health of people and all living organisms.
Influence of central bank regulations on interbank competition in association with EU
Authors: Abuselidze George , Kizinidze Malvina
Published: December 2019

In the work it is focused on the determining factor of interbank competition, the level of competitiveness between banks and legislative regulations. They are also studied in the banking system of Baltic states. The purpose of the work is to identify existence of interbank competition, its causing reasons determining and reviewing regulatory ways, as well as identifying the impacts of National Bank regulations and developing recommendations. During the survey, in-depth analysis of the issue, to identify the existing problems and determine the ways of its solution, to comprehend the comparative analysis, conclusions and recommendations, was studied Georgian and EU (including the Baltic countries) public information about commercial banks, regulation documents, internet sources, which are characterized by a high degree of reliability. At the final stage, it was evaluated the existence of competition in the Georgian banking system and determined its stimulating factors.
Assessment of the railway transport effect for the social-and-economic development of the region
Authors: Polyakova Irina , Borisova Anzhelika
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this research is the assessment of the impact of the transport infrastructure on the social-and-economic development of the region. The authors carried out the analysis of the existing approaches to the assessment of the role of the transport component for the socioeconomic development. The assessment technique including principles, the system of factors and indicators, the algorithm and methods of the assessment of the transport infrastructure impact on the socio-economic development of the region is offered. According to the carried-out analysis, it is proved that the availability of the developed transport infrastructure is linked with the level of development of the region, in particular with Gross Regional Product and the consolidated regional budget revenues. The results of the research can be used by regional authorities for the justification of the strategic directions of socio-economic development of the region, when developing target programmes, etc.
Management of innovation projects: financial risks
Authors: Burtseva Tatyana , Rudenko Lyudmila , Fokina Olga , Pavlyutenkova Olga
Published: December 2019

Management of innovative projects requires a deep assessment of various risks, and financial risks here are especially important. Management of financial risks in the field of innovative activity significantly affects the efficiency of the whole work. It is also one of the most important components of the project activity. The article describes research results of the main target segments for planning a program of financial risk management. The research is based on a cluster analysis that describes the most significant groups of risk factors. Enterprises implementing innovative projects need to pay special attention to these factors, especially when developing various measures for the formation and development of innovative activities and the management of various risks.
Impact of greening projects on the development of human capital in Vietnam’s cities
Authors: Doan Thi Mai Huong , Nguyen Van Loc , Radushinsky Dmitry , Nguyen Thi Nhan , Gubankova Marina , Kubrak Irina
Published: December 2019

The article considers the influence of factors of the urban environment on the human and professional capital of workers living in large cities of the Socialist Republic of Vietnam. The present state of urban agglomerations of Vietnam and the trends of greening urban areas are assessed, considered as a factor in the perceived quality of life of the population, which has a direct impact on the state and development of the human capital of workers living in the city. It is concluded that a significant part of the urban areas of the major cities of Vietnam from the point of view of landscaping are insufficiently equipped. The quality of life of workers in these territories has significant drawbacks, which determines the limitations inherent in human capital. The issue identifies the types of landscaping of urban areas in major cities of Vietnam, and evaluates the effectiveness of a number of projects implemented under various types of landscaping.
Environmental safety aspects and basic development trends in the Russian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Kopteva Lyudmila , Shabalina Lyudmila , Bolshakov Roman , Smirnov Anton
Published: December 2019

The purpose of the paper is to determine the level of environmental safety and the main trends in the development of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation. In the research process, methods of theoretical generalization and comparison, synthesis and statistical analysis were used. The trends of environmental safety of the Russian pharmaceutical market are considered. The problems and prospects for the development of the Russian pharmaceutical market as well as the market for medicines are identified. Promising segments of the pharmaceutical market of the Russian Federation have been identified on the basis of assessing the conformity of manufactured and imported goods to the List of vital and essential drugs, which will allow Russian pharmaceutical companies to improve their position in the national market by increasing the production and sales of their own medicines. The obtained results are aimed at developing the pharmaceutical market of Russia in an unstable economic and political situation. Based on this study, it is possible to develop tools aimed at reducing the import dependence of the Russian Federation.
System of criminal penalties of Russian federation: legal regulation and sentencing practice
Authors: Brovkina Alexandra , Vezlomtsev Victor , Zakharova Svetlana , Shuranova Olga , Truntsevsky Yuri
Published: December 2019

The article presents the questions of constructing a system of criminal penalties under the legislation of the Russian Federation, the problems of imposing various types of punishments taking into account the rules for constructing criminal law sanctions. Changes and additions, various types of criminal penalties, including the content of sanctions in the articles, lead to an imbalance in the principles of their construction. The punishment system is currently in need of reform. An analysis of the sanctions of the articles of a special part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation revealed inconsistencies with the requirements of legislative equipment in their development, which creates serious difficulties in the appointment of sentences by the courts. Penalties under criminal law sanctions include punishment in the form of punishment, forced labor, imprisonment for a specified period. The legislation does not take into account the nature and degree of threat to crimes committed in the formation of sanctions articles. Criminal law and criminal law protection, and criminal procedural requirements, and punishments. In accordance with the peculiarities of the formation of the punishment system, the creation of criminal sanctions, as well as taking into account the goals of punishment in the domestic criminal law, which allows us to develop recommendations on the preparation of sanctions for articles of the criminal code of the Russian Federation.
New information and communication technologies in education system
Authors: Ismailova Zuxra , Ergashev B.
Published: December 2019

An article in the education system, the use of new information and communication technologies in the process of theoretical and practical issues and is described in more detail on the international experience in this field.
A 21st Century View of Nuclear Structure
Authors: Baker Robert B. , Draayer Jerry P. , Sargsyan Grigor H. , Dreyfuss Alison C. , Dytrych Tomáš , Kekejian David , Launey Kristina D. , Mercenne Alexis
Published: December 2019

Exploiting exact and special symmetries to unmask simplicity within complexity, which remains the “holy grail” of nuclear physics, will be considered within its historical context and as evolving through 21st century ab initio methods, including emerging results linked to the internal structure of nucleons. Some exemplar results for very light to medium mass nuclei will be presented, and what these may portend for heavier systems, including species beyond known lines of stability, will be proffered.
Coulomb excitation of pear-shaped nuclei
Authors: Butler Peter , Gaffney Liam , Spagnoletti Pietro , Konki Joonas , Scheck Marcus , Smith John , Abrahams Kenzo , Bowry Michael , Cederkäll Joakim , Chupp Timothy , de Angelis Giacomo , De Witte Hilde , Garrett Paul , Goldkuhle Alina , Henrich Corinna , Illana Andres , Johnston Karl , Joss David , Keatings James , Kelly Nicola , Komorowska Michalina , Kröll Thorsten , Lozano Miguel , Nara Singh Bondili , O'Donnell David , Ojala Joonas , Page Robert , Pedersen Line , Raison Christopher , Reiter Peter , Rodriguez Jose Alberto , Rosiak Dawid , Rothe Sebastian , Shneidman Timur , Siebeck Burkhard , Seidlitz Michael , Sinclair Jacqueline , Stryjczyk Marek , Van Duppen Piet , Vinals Silvia , Virtanen Ville , Warr Nigel , Wrzosek-Lipska Kasia , Zielinska Magda
Published: December 2019

There is a large body of evidence that atomic nuclei can undergo octupole distortion and assume the shape of a pear. This phenomenon is important for measurements of electric-dipole moments of atoms, which would indicate CP violation and hence probe physics beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Isotopes of both radon and radium have been identified as candidates for such measurements. Here, we have observed the low-lying quantum states in 224Rn and 226Rn by accelerating beams of these radioactive nuclei. We show that radon isotopes undergo octupole vibrations but do not possess static pear-shapes in their ground states. We conclude that radon atoms provide less favourable conditions for the enhancement of a measurable atomic electric-dipole moment.
Systematic Search For Evidence of Tetrahedral and Octahedral Symmetries in Subatomic Physics: Follow-up of the First Identification Case in152Sm
Authors: Dudek Jerzy , Dedes Irene , Gaamouci Abdelghafar , Yang Jie , Baran Andrzej , Curien Dominique , Dickel Timo , Wang Hua-Lei
Published: December 2019

In a recent article [1] group-theory representation-methods have been combined with the realistic mean-field calculation results to elaborate new, specifically designed methods of experimental identification of the tetrahedral/octahedral symmetries in atomic nuclei. The authors demonstrated that experimental data on152Sm existing in the literature are fully compatible with the extremely restrictive group-theory criteria of simultaneous presence of tetrahedral and octahedral symmetries, thus identifying these symmetries in subatomic physics for the first time. We discuss theory predictions related to the systematic presence of these symmetries as well as their manifestations throughout the Periodic Table in the form of islands centred around the doublymagic tetrahedral-symmetry nuclei.

The corresponding theory predictions are discussed in the context of the planned new experiments, which would employ the advanced mass-spectrometry methods [2], in view of the new experimental search criteria [1]. The addressed field of symmetry-research presents particularly promising potentialities in the domain of exotic nuclei studies. Indeed, as it can be demonstrated, in the exact tetrahedral and/or octahedral symmetry limits the corresponding nuclei emit neither E2 nor E1 radiation generating isomeric states with lifetimes which can become much longer than those of the related ground states. This is expected to open the new research strategies for the whole domain of the exotic nuclei studies throughout the Periodic Table.
Nuclear response at zero and finite temperature
Authors: Litvinova Elena , Schuck Peter , Wibowo Herlik
Published: December 2019

We present some recent developments on the nuclear many-body problem, such as the treatment of high-order correlations and finite temperature in the description of in-medium two-nucleon propagators. In this work we discuss two-time propagators of the particle-hole type, which describe the response of finite nuclei to external probes without nucleon transfer. The general theory is formulated in terms of the equation of motion method for these propagators with the only input from the bare nucleon-nucleon interaction. The numerical implementation was performed on the basis of the effective mason-nucleon Lagrangian in order to study the energy-dependent kernels of different complexity. The finite-temperature extension of the theory with ph ⊗ phonon configurations is applied to a study of the multipole response of medium-mass nuclei.
Four α-particles as a final state of 16O* Quasi Projectile decay
Authors: Managlia Maria Vittoria , Bruno Mauro , D’Agostino Michela , Morelli Luca , Baiocco Giorgio , Gulminelli Francesca , Frosin Catalin , Barlini Sandro , Buccola Antonio , Camaiani Alberto , Casini Giovanni , Cicerchia Magda , Cinausero Marco , Fabris Daniela , Gramegna Fabiana , Mantovani Giorgia , Marchi Tommaso , Ottanelli Pietro , Pasquali Gabriele , Piantelli Silvia , Valdré Simone
Published: December 2019

Four α-particles as a final state of 16O* quasi-projectile decayproduced in peripheral 16O+12C reactions at 130 MeV is thoroughly studied. The differentdecay channels leading to the four α-particles final state are reconstructed by carrying out an event-by-event analysis of α correlations in the population of intermediate 8Be and 12C. Although small, a non negligible contribution due to 8Begs evaporation is found.A comparison between predictions of an accurate Hauser-Feshbach decay code and branching ratios of the different decay channels is performed. Significant deviations are observed, among these the Hoyle state population which is considerably lower than the one predicted according to the statistical model, thus suggesting possible structure effects in the Coulomb barrier and/or in the transmission coefficients.
Spontaneous fission of rutherfordium isotopes - total kinetic energies
Authors: Mosat Pavol , Heßberger Fritz Peter , Ackermann Dieter , Andel Boris , Antalic Stanislav , Block Michael , Hofmann Sigurd , Kalaninova Zdenka , Kindler Birgit , Laatiaoui Mustapha , Lommel Bettina , Mistry Andrew , Nishio Katsuhisa , Piot Julien , Sulignano Barbara , Vostinar Marija
Published: December 2019

The isotopes 255,256,258Rf were produced in the fusion-evaporation reactions 50Ti + 207,208Pb and 50Ti + 209Bi at GSI Darmstadt, using the velocity filter SHIP. Total kinetic energies of fragments from spontaneous fission for these isotopes were evaluated with a correction to pulse-height defect.
Coulomb Energy Density Functionals for Nuclear Systems: Recent Studies of Coulomb Exchange and Correlation Functionals
Authors: Naito Tomoya , Akashi Ryosuke , Colò Gianluca , Liang Haozhao , Roca-Maza Xavier
Published: December 2019

The Coulomb exchange and correlation energy density functionals for electron systems are applied to nuclearsystems. It is found that the exchange functionals in the generalized gradient approximation provide agreements with the exact-Fock energy with one adjustable parameter within a few dozen keV accuracy, whereas the correlation functionals are not directly applicable to nuclear systems due to the existence of the nuclear force.
Lifetime measurements in 105Sn: the puzzle of B(E2) strengths in Sn isotopes
Authors: Pasqualato Giorgia , Gottardo Andrea , Goasduff Alain , Valiente Dobón Josè Javier , Mengoni Daniele
Published: December 2019

One of the most studied case to explore the evolution of shell closures far from stability is the doubly-magic and self-conjugated 100Sn nucleus. Information on its doubly-magic nature can be extracted fromthe systematic study of the tin isotopic chain. In this context, the lifetimes of the neutron deficient 105Sn have been investigated with the coincidence Recoil Distance Doppler Shift (RDDS) technique throughthe reaction 50Cr(58Ni,2pn)105Sn. Preliminary results concerning the lifetimesof 105In excited states are in good agreement with the adopted lifetimes, demonstrating the feasibility to extract lifetimes with this experimental technique.
Single and Double Charge Exchange Excitations of Spin-Isospin Mode
Authors: Sagawa Hiroyuki
Published: December 2019

We study the sum rules of double Gamow-Teller (DGT) excitations through double spin-isospin operator (σt­)2 In general, 2+states in the granddaughter nuclei have dominant transition strength in DGT excitations and 0+states are weak, except in T = 1 mother nuclei in which 0+strength is competitive with 2+strength. A possibility to extract the unit cross section for the DGT transition strength is pointed out in the (#x03C3;t­)2 excitation of double isobaric analog state (DIAS) in T = 1 nuclei.
Quartet structure of self-conjugate nuclei
Authors: Sambataro Michelangelo
Published: December 2019

We provide a description of even-even N = Z nuclei in a formalism of quartets. Quartets are four-body correlated structures characterized by isospin T and angular momentum J. We show that the ground state correlations induced by a realistic shell model interaction can be well accounted for in terms of a restricted set of T = 0 low–J quartets, the J = 0 one playing by far a leading role among them. A conceptually similar description of odd-odd self-conjugate nuclei is given in terms of two distinct families of building blocks, one formed by the same T = 0 quartets employed for the even-even systems and the other by collective pairs with either T = 0 or T = 1. Some applications of this formalism are discussed for nuclei in the sd shell.
Fusion Hindrance and Pauli Blocking in 58Ni+ 64Ni
Authors: Stefanini Alberto M. , Montagnoli Giovanna , Del Fabbro Mirco , Colucci Giulia , Čolović Petra , Corradi Lorenzo , Fioretto Enrico , Galtarossa Franco , Goasduff Alain , Grebosz Jerzy , Heine Marcel , Jaworski Grzegorz , Mazzocco Marco , Mijatović Tea , Szilner Suzana , Bajzek Martin , Brugnara Daniele , Siciliano Marco , Zanon Irene
Published: December 2019

58Ni +64Ni is the first case where the influence of positive Q-value transfer channels on sub-barrier fusion was evidenced, in a very well known experiment by Beckerman et al., by comparing with the two systems58Ni +58Ni and64Ni+64Ni. Subsequent measurements on64Ni +64Ni showed that fusion hindrance is clearly present in this case. On the other hand, no indication of hindrance can be observed for58Ni +64Ni down to the measured level of 0.1 mb. In the present experiment the excitation function has been extended by two orders of magnitude downward. The cross sections for58Ni + 64Ni continue decreasing very smoothly below the barrier, down to '1 µb. The logarithmic slope of the excitation function increases slowly, showing a tendency to saturate at the lowest energies. No maximum of the astrophysicalS-factor is observed. Coupled-channels (CC) calculations using a Woods-Saxon potential and includinginelastic excitations only, underestimate the sub-barrier cross sections by a large amount. Good agreement is found by adding two-neutron transfer couplings to a schematical level. This behaviour is quite different from what already observed for64Ni+64Ni (no positiveQ-value transfer channels available), where a clear low-energy maximum of theS-factorappears, and whose excitation function is overestimated by a standard Woods-Saxon CC calculation. No hindrance effect is observed in58Ni+64Ni in the measured energy range. This trend at deep sub-barrier energies reinforces the recent suggestion that the availability of several states following transfer withQ>0, effectively counterbalances the Pauli repulsion that, in general, is predicted to reduce tunneling probability inside the Coulomb barrier.
Nuclear Physics in Stellar Lifestyles with the Trojan Horse Method
Authors: Tumino Aurora , Spitaleri Claudio , La Cognata Marco , Cherubini Silvio , Guardo Giovanni Luca , Gulino Marisa , Indelicato Iolanda , Lamia Livio , Pizzone Rosario Gianluca , Rapisarda Giuseppe Gabriele , Romano Stefano , Sergi Maria Letizia , Spartà Roberta
Published: December 2019

The Trojan Horse Method is an indirect technique to measure nuclear reactions of astrophysical relevance at the energies of interest, free of Coulomb suppression and electron screening effects. Its basic features in the framework of the theory of direct reactions will be discussed and the physics case of the 12C+12C fusion will be addressed.
Large eddy simulation modelling of asymmetrical flow structures in a vertical-bending continuous caster
Authors: Zhao Peng , Lin Yinhe , Yang Bin , Liu Kegao , Zhao Jingrui , Tang Kai
Published: December 2019

Transient asymmetric circulations in the vertical-bending section of a continuous caster were simulated using a large eddy simulation (LES) model. The accuracy of the modelling was verified by comparing the jet behaviours, asymmetrical flow structures in the water model, and velocities reported in the literature. Coherent structures play an essential role in the circulations motion in the vertical-bending caster. A classical Q-criterion was introduced to detect and identify coherent vortices to investigate flow structures. The results indicate that coherent vortices in the lower circulation exhibit asymmetrical features, which further reveal the nature of the turbulence behind the flow structures in the caster. Monitoring points were then selected to investigate the motions of the “strong” and “weak” circulatory vortices and corresponding velocity variations at the interface between the vertical and bending section of the caster. The alternative variations show the periodic behaviours of asymmetrical circulations at both sides of the vertical-bending caster. Besides these circulations were interrelated and interacted, they were also affected by the curved section of the caster, which resulted in the asymmetrical flow structures in the vertical-bending caster. Finally, the effects of casting speed and SEN immersion depths on the oscillation frequency of circulations during a continuous casting process were analysed. As the casting speed increased, the oscillation frequency and power spectrum increased accordingly; as the SEN immersion depth increased, the oscillation frequency and power spectrum thereof decreased accordingly.
Une approche néo-institutionnaliste des systèmes de gestion des pêches en Europe et en Amérique du Nord
Authors: Le Floc’h Pascal , Wilson James R.
Published: December 2019

L’article retient comme problématique la portée et les limites de la régionalisation des pêches, en s’appuyant sur les expériences en Europe, aux États-Unis et au Canada. Après un rappel de la dimension historique de la politique commune de la pêche en Europe, l’article offre une synthèse des principaux concepts tirés de l’économie néo-institutionnaliste et des travaux sur les systèmes socio-écologiques. Une approche comparée en Europe, au Canada et aux États-Unis offre une diversité du caractère opérationnel des régimes de gestion des pêcheries. L’examen comparatif des trois grands systèmes de gestion des pêches est fondé sur des institutions guidées par la recherche d’un compromis entre critères écologiques et socio-économiques. La situation européenne se situe entre le mode décentralisé aux États-Unis et le régime canadien, le plus enraciné historiquement dans une conduite centralisée. En effet, la gestion des pêcheries, en Europe et en Amérique du Nord, est désormais intégrée à une approche écosystémique.
L’innovation nucléaire face à des vents contraires
Authors: Iracane Daniel
Published: December 2019

L’Agence pour l’énergie nucléaire (AEN), basée à Paris, est une agence spécialisée de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE). Son directeur général adjoint fait le point sur le contexte entourant l’innovation nucléaire.
Anwendung der D-A-CH-Referenzwerte für die Nährstoffzufuhr
Authors: Richter Margrit , Bechthold Angela
Published: December 2019

Eine ausgewogene, den Bedarf an Nährstoffen und Energie deckende (isoenergetische) Ernährung ist eine wichtige Grundlage für Wachstum und Entwicklung sowie für den langfristigen Erhalt von Gesundheit, Leistungsfähigkeit und Wohlbefinden des Menschen. Die D-A-CH-Referenzwerte benennen Mengen für die Nährstoff- und Energiezufuhr gesunder Menschen.
Nahrungsmittelunsicherheit
Authors: Zielinski Johanna
Published: December 2019

Unsicherheit begegnet uns in allen möglichen Bereichen und Facetten des Lebens. Dazu gehören auch die vielen Faktoren, die uns und unsere Umwelt prägen. So wie der Klimawandel, der bereits jetzt spürbare Konsequenzen für unsere Gesundheit und Gesellschaft hat. Die Sicherheit, mit der wir dem Vorhandensein und der Qualität von Nahrung begegnen, kann sich jedoch auch in Unsicherheit wandeln – etwa beim Umgang mit dem Mindesthaltbarkeitsdatum.
Systembiologie in der Ophthalmologie – innovative Wirkstoffidentifikation zur spezifischen Vermeidung postoperativer Fibrose
Authors: Stahnke Thomas , Gajda-Derylo Beata , Stachs Oliver , Guthoff Rudolf F. , Jünemann Anselm , Füllen Georg
Published: December 2019

Hintergrund Der Langzeiterfolg fistulierender Therapiekonzepte zur Behandlung des Glaukoms wird im Wesentlichen durch überschießende Vernarbungsreaktionen (Fibrose) limitiert. Zytostatika wie Mitomycin C können die Fibrose zwar verhindern, sind jedoch häufig mit Nebenwirkungen assoziiert. Spezifisch wirkende Antifibrotika sind derzeit nicht im klinischen Einsatz. Daher beschreibt diese Studie einen systembiologischen Ansatz, mit dem durch eine dedizierte Bioinformatik-Technologieplattform Wirkstoffe identifiziert und als Antifibrotikum repositioniert werden können.

Material und Methoden Als Basis für den Wirkstoffidentifikationsprozess wurden differenzielle Genexpressionsdaten humaner Tenon-Fibroblasten (hTF) genutzt, die von unbehandelten hTF und von mit Transforming Growth Factor β1 (TGF-β1) stimulierten hTF („fibrotische Fibroblasten“) mittels Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) erhoben wurden. Diese Daten wurden mit dem bioinformatischen Werkzeug „FocusHeuristics“ gefiltert. Im Vergleich mit der Connectivity-Map-Datenbank wurden der Fibrose entgegenwirkende Wirkstoffe identifiziert. Die Evaluierung eines potenziell erfolgversprechenden Wirkstoffs als Antifibrotikum wurde an hTF mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz in vitro durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Die Analyse der Genexpressionsdaten führte zur Identifikation mehrerer in fibrotische Prozesse involvierter Interaktionsnetzwerke von Genen bzw. Proteinen. Eines dieser Netzwerke beinhaltet das Zytokin Bone morphogenic Protein 6 (BMP6) sowie Interleukin 6 (IL6) und Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 (FGF1). Ein weiteres relevantes Netzwerk konnte rund um das CD34-Gen (CD34: Cluster of Differentiation 34) identifiziert werden. Der Vergleich dieser Daten mit denen der Connectivity Map ermöglichte die Identifikation eines entsprechend invers wirkenden Wirkstoffs. Dessen Evaluierung im fibrotischen Zellkulturmodell in vitro mittels indirekter Immunfluoreszenz führte zu einer deutlichen Expressionsreduktion der fibrotischen Markerproteine Fibronektin und Alpha-smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), womit die vorhergesagte antifibrotische Wirkung bestätigt werden konnte.

Schlussfolgerung Systembiologische Ansätze können für die Identifikation von antifibrotischen Wirkstoffkandidaten zur Vermeidung postoperativer Fibrose genutzt werden und sollten sich über die Erfassung differenzieller Genexpressionsdaten weiterer okularer Zellen oder Gewebe auch auf andere ophthalmologische Anwendungsfelder transferieren lassen.
Omega-3-Fettsäuren bei atopischen Erkrankungen
Authors: Schmiedel Volker
Published: December 2019

Allergien, Bronchialasthma oder Neurodermitis sind auf dem Vormarsch und zählen mittlerweile zu den Volkskrankheiten – und belasten sowohl Patienten, Angehörige als auch das Gesundheitssystem. Die Schulmedizin behandelt meist nur die Symptomatik, indem die Auswirkungen der Immunabwehr gemildert oder unterdrückt werden. Die Naturheilkunde kennt die antiinflammatorische Wirkung von maritimen Omega-3-Fettsäuren und macht sich diese bei der Behandlung von atopischen Erkrankungen zunutze. Dazu gibt es auch gesicherte Daten: Der Beitrag stellt vor allem einige interessante Schwangerschaftsstudien sowie Fallbeispiele aus der Praxis des Autors vor.
Evaluation of Disclusion Time in Various Angle’s Malocclusions by T-Scan III System
Authors: Chutchalermpan Titirat , Pumklin Jittima , Piyapattamin Thosapol
Published: December 2019

Objective The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the disclusion time (DT) in the lateral excursions and protrusion among subjects with Angle’s malocclusions using a T-Scan III system.

Materials and Methods One hundred subjects with malocclusions were divided into Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III (n = 25 per group). All groups’ DT of each excursion was evaluated by a T-Scan III system.

Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test, was used to analyze the numerical data at p < 0.05.

Results In the respective malocclusions, means ± standard deviations in second(s) of the DT were 2.08 ± 0.65, 2.13 ± 0.74, 2.12 ± 0.72, and 3.19 ± 1.34 during left excursion; 2.15 ± 0.94, 2.58 ± 1.16, 2.37 ± 1.07, and 3.28 ± 1.25 during right excursion; and 1.88 ± 0.99, 2.08 ± 1.11, 2.07 ± 0.68, and 3.01 ± 1.53 during protrusion. When compared to Class I and Class II malocclusions, Class III showed a significantly higher mean DT of each excursion (p < 0.05).

Conclusion Class III had the significantly highest mean DT of each excursion and the significantly longest DT in all excursions.
Caroticocavernous Fistulae: Clinical Presentation, Imaging, and Endovascular Treatment
Authors: Khera Pushpinder S. , Garg Pawan K. , Tiwari Sarbesh , Sureka Binit , Yadav Taruna , Purkayastha Sukalyan , Bhaskar Suryanarayanan , Bhatia Pradeep , Morya Arvind
Published: December 2019

Caroticocavernous fistulas (CCFs) occur due to an abnormal communication between the high-pressure carotid artery system and the relatively lower pressure cavernous sinus system. They present with dramatic clinical presentations comprising among other things a swollen red eye with associated loss of vision to a varying degree. Blunt trauma sustained to the head, especially by two-wheeler riders, is the most common cause of the direct CCF and hence a practicing interventional radiologist in a developing country is very likely to encounter this entity in clinical practice. The authors intend to present a pictorial essay of the clinical presentations, imaging findings, endovascular management, and clinical follow-up for CCFs.
Cryodehydration Technique Applied to Anatomical Segments
Authors: Teixeira Filho Althen , Schäfer Bárbara Tavares , Vives Patrícia Silva
Published: December 2019

Introduction The present study describes a variation of the cryodehydration technique, applied to prepare biological tissues by repetitions of section freezing and thawing (SFT). First developed for muscles and then viscera, the aim of this process as presented here is to obtain anatomical segments to be used in anatomy classes, general exhibitions and museums.

Materials and Methods The animal, previously fixed in 10% formalin, must be frozen and then sectioned in longitudinal, transverse and horizontal slices of the body-axis. It has two steps: the “burning phase,” in which ice crystal formation and water dilatation cause micro ruptures in the tissue; and the “dehydration phase,” developed to dry out the slices segments slowly and, at the same time, to impregnate tissues with wood glue.

Results The obtained slices present several advantages, such as being dry segments, of light weight, and being rapidly used, easily stored and promptly studied. Also, it is possible to study the different organs of one segment and, by apposition, remount an entire animal, enabling a dynamic study.

Conclusion This very simple and inexpensive technique produces anatomical preparations with high durability and resistance, which are very helpful in practical and theoretical classes.
Intraoperative Conversion to Five-Strand Hamstring Autograft Configuration Significantly Increases Anterior Cruciate Ligament Graft Diameter Independent of Patient Characteristics
Authors: Walczak Brian E. , Hetzel Scott J. , Akoh Craig Chike , Baer Geoffrey S.
Published: December 2019

Intraoperative conversion of a four-strand hamstring autograft to a five-strand configuration during an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been reported. However, the expected change in graft size and the dependence on patient characteristics are currently not well described. The purpose of this study was to determine the effective change in hamstring graft diameter and reliance on patient characteristics when intraoperatively converting a four-strand hamstring autograft into a five-strand configuration during an ACL reconstruction. A prospective, paired cohort study design was used to measure individual hamstring autograft diameter intraoperatively using traditional four-strand configuration followed by a five-strand configuration. All hamstring tendons included were long enough to consider a five-strand configuration. Five-strand hamstring autograft increased graft diameter in all patients. Hamstring tendon graft diameter increased by an average of 0.99 mm (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.84–1.11) in the five-strand configuration compared with the traditional four-strand configuration (mean: 7.8 mm). There was no significant difference in the average increase in graft diameter between males (1.04 mm) and females (0.92 mm) (p = 0.323). Eighty-three percent (95% CI: 57.8–95.6) of average graft diameters ≤ 8 mm in the four-strand configuration achieved an average graft diameter of >8 mm in the five-strand configuration, and 70% (95% CI: 35.4– 91.9) of four-strand configuration average diameters < 8 mm achieved an average graft diameter > 8.0 mm in the five-strand configuration. Five-strand hamstring autograft reliably increased intraoperative hamstring tendon autograft diameter, with an average of 1 mm, compared with traditional four-strand configuration. This increase in diameter is independent of sex and remained significant when controlling for age, laterality, body mass index, and semitendinosus length.