bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of trends in the functioning of the grain industry of the EU countries using ARDL modeling
Authors: Mandych O V , Staverska T O , Kemza R G , Makohon V V
Published: December 2024

The application of ARDL modeling at the macroeconomic level for the analytical description and analysis of dependencies of production productivity in the grain industry on natural-climatic, technical-technological and marketing factors is studied. It is determined that the construction of the production function for the agrarian sector determines the consideration of internal and external factors of the organization of production and the conditions for its conduct. Another difficult point is the asynchrony of the dynamics of prices for grain and production resources, which necessitates bringing the indicators of costs and output to a comparable form, which determines the artificiality of comparison and non-stationarity of the dynamic series included in the model. It has been proven that the means of overcoming these obstacles is the application of the dependent lag autoregressive model (ARDL). The non-equivalence of the influence of individual factors on the dynamics of yield has been established. In particular, the p-value at the level of one percent has the payback of costs for the production of soft wheat grain in the reporting year, its first and third lag, as well as the second and third lag of payback of costs for the production of durum wheat. At the same time, there is an alternation of the sign of regressors, due to a decrease in prices in years of excess grain production and their increase in lean years. Likewise, the value of the unit cost regressor is also negative, while their lags according to the AIC criterion were not included. The prerequisite for this is the industrial nature of the technologies used. Thus, with an average yield of about 70 c/ha, the variation of the latter over the 29 years of the study did not exceed 7%, and therefore the increase in unit costs, and, accordingly, the yield, but does not provide a simultaneous increase in income due to a decrease in prices. In view of this, a negative value is logical cost regressor. Under such conditions, further study of the prerequisites should be aimed at studying the behavior of lag values of costs and the impact on their formation of a common European policy of regulating the productivity of agricultural production.
Complex socio-economic solutions regarding the sustainable ecological development of the Ukraine regions
Authors: Calinescu T , Likhonosova G , Zelenko O
Published: December 2024

The article presents the current state of the ecological and socio-economic development of Ukraine and its regions, the consequences of hostilities on the territory of Ukraine and, as a consequence, the trends of damage to the surface layer of soils, pollution of the atmospheric air, and the subsoil of Ukraine with heavy metals and other harmful substances. The authors emphasize the socio-economic realities and potential trends of social security for internally displaced persons who were forced to leave their place of residence due to hostilities. Based on the analysis of potential total losses in the regions of Ukraine, a complex of socio-economic solutions is provided for strengthening the sustainable economic and ecological development of its regions. Attention was drawn to the fact that the main environmental problem of Ukraine for the coming decades will remain the problem of demining a large part of the territory. On the basis of the factorization of the given trends, the definition of catalysts of ecological development is proposed, which should signal the need for additional specialized research. It is concluded that despite the importance of solving environmental problems and the catastrophic consequences of hostilities for the surrounding environment, the social component and its economic support are fundamental in the processes of “regeneration” of the normal life activity of the regions.
Calculation of round foundation slabs subjected to non-uniform base deformation under complex loads
Authors: Timchenko R O , Krishko D A , Holovko S I , Holovko O S , Samorodov O V
Published: December 2024

New patterns of determining internal forces for possible conditions of elements of the first and second categories of reinforced concrete slabs subjected to complex loads are established. The introduction into the calculation of a function characterizing the degree of reduction of weakened bases’ properties in order to determine the stiffness coefficient with load relief makes it possible to take into account the conditions of contact interaction between the slab and the non-uniformly deformed base. A program is developed to consider the load history of elements using nonlinear diagrams in the whole range of force and deformation effects. The results of simulating the slab’s operation on a non-uniformly deformed base under complex loads are obtained. The developed program allows determining the maximum load on the structure with known values of expected deformation effects and solving the opposite problem, i.e. determining the maximum deformation effects with constant external loads caused by structures.
Electrospark method of obtaining metal nanoparticles for the creation of antifungal drugs (fungicides)
Authors: Lopatko K G , Zazymko O V , Vynarchuk K V , Nazarenko V A , Tugay A V
Published: December 2024

The research is based on the processes of studying electrospark underwater synthesis of conductive metals in a reaction chamber with low conductivity for the production of metal nanoparticles. Experiment had been carried out using confirmation of silver and copper nanoparticles by electron microscopy. The use of nanoforms of metals, in particular nanosuspensions, is considered as an alternative to acutely toxic chemical preparations in crop production for the protection of field crops. Strains of microorganisms – causative agents of diseases of grain crops were used as objects of research. The ultrafine metal phase of metal nanoparticles (particulate nature of matter – PNM) is considered as an alternative to existing agrochemicals based on metal salts. The obtained colloidal solutions of metals have fungicidal properties and can be used to create plant protection products.
Comprehensive approach to calculating operational parameters in hydraulic fracturing
Authors: Pashchenko O A , Khomenko V L , Ratov B T , Koroviaka Ye A , Rastsvietaiev V O
Published: December 2024

Hydraulic fracturing (HF) stands as a pivotal method in the development of challenging hydrocarbon reserves, particularly those associated with low-permeability and fractured reservoirs. As these reserves constitute approximately one-third of global hydrocarbon resources, HF has emerged as an indispensable technology for their extraction. The creation of high-conductivity fractures through HF has demonstrated a remarkable capacity to amplify well flow rates, often achieving two to threefold or greater increases. This study seeks to establish robust scientific and methodological foundations for the calculation of operational parameters in HF by synthesizing insights from theoretical research. Emphasizing a comprehensive design approach, the methodology underscores the pivotal role of dynamic parameters such as fluid type, proppant characteristics, and injection rate in optimizing the efficiency of HF operations. To enhance efficiency, an automated algorithm is proposed for the judicious selection of proppants, facilitating expedited calculations and optimization processes. The proposed approach not only streamlines the parameter selection process but also ensures the implementation of the most effective HF scenarios. Additionally, it serves as a foundational framework for the development of automated tools for HF calculations in field applications, thereby advancing the field of hydrocarbon reservoir development.
Geoinformation modeling of the geoecological state of the floodplain-channel complex of rivers on the territory of the Turka city community of the Lviv Region
Authors: Kovalchuk I P , Kurhanevych L P , Andreychuk Yu M , Blazhivskyi O Y , Vanyo N O
Published: December 2024

The Water Strategy of Ukraine for the period up to 2050 [1] identified the main areas for improving water resources management through the creation of automated information systems for eight river basin districts. Conducting geoecological studies using GIS technologies to assess the state of river-basin systems at the level of an individual community in order to optimize water use and water protection is an urgent scientific task. The creation of geographic information models and the formation of the database took place in the environment of software packages: Google Earth Pro, SAGA, QGIS 3.28 Firenze and ArcGIS 10.8. To assess the geoecological state of the floodplain-channel complex of rivers within the territory of the Turka territorial community (TC), the methodology of Khimko et al. [2, 3] was chosen, which is modified in accordance with the purpose of the research and specific water bodies. The created geoinformation models of the gynaecological state of the floodplain-channel complex of rivers indicate the need to make effective management decisions to optimize the use of natural resources within the basin and floodplain-channel systems and control over the use and protection of water.
Trends in variability of the distribution of particulate organic carbon in the north-western part of the Black Sea
Authors: Sryberko A V , Petrushenko M M , Stepanova Yu V
Published: December 2024

The paper describes the results of a study of the variability in the distribution of particulate organic carbon (POC) concentrations in the north-western part of the Black Sea. The initial data for the calculations were satellite data on the concentration of particulate organic carbon particles. In the process of research, such tasks as the formation of relevant POC databases, built maps of the spatial distribution of POC in the north-western part of the Black Sea in different seasons, the analysis of the intra-annual and inter-annual distribution of POC, and the identification of trends were solved. It was established that the concentration of POC in the north-western part of the Black Sea has a seasonal character with an annual periodicity, with the cyclonic movement of POC along the coast. The maximum concentration of POCs is generally concentrated in wetlands of international importance, indicating that they perform much broader ecosystem functions than filtering and purifying water. These wetlands store blue carbon, occupying a certain link in the marine carbon cycle. This confirms the important role of these coastal ecosystems within the transition of the blue economy of the studied area to sustainable development, namely increasing the contribution to solving climate and biodiversity problems, in accordance with the SDGs: Goal 13 – Climate action, Goal 14 – Life below water, Goal 15 – Life on land. Insufficient consideration of this role in the relevant decisions, in particular according to the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands, will lead not only to a decrease in biodiversity, but also to a deterioration of the climate within the territory of the Northern Black Sea.
Variable-structure controller design for electric drives with variable-torque load
Authors: Voliansky R , Zaliskyi M , Ostroumov I , Averyanova Y , Holubnychyi O , Sushchenko O , Znakovska Y , Pogurelsky O
Published: December 2024

The paper is devoted to the design of a framework to study uncertain nonlinear dynamical plants. We use the results of this study to design a variable-structure control system for the considered plants. Our studies are based on the use of interval methods to take into account possible plant parameters variations and perform a piecewise linear approximation of the plant’s nonlinearity. We offer to replace a nonlinear function, which is used to define a plant’s dynamic with a phase space domain where this function is localized. This allows us to rewrite the initial nonlinear differential equation into piecewise linear form and apply the Laplace-Carson transformation for the considered differential equation to define the generalized transfer function which gives us the possibility to study and design system dynamics. We use a determined piecewise linear interval transfer function to solve the inverse dynamic problem and define the controller’s transfer function which allows for reaching the desired motion tra jectories. We show the use of our approach and its benefits by designing a controller for a ventilator electric drive. Comparison of the designed control system with the known one allows us to claim its high accuracy and energy efficiency.
Sustainable development strategies in the field of tourism and recreation in war conditions in Ukraine
Authors: Lavrenenko V V , Oberemchuk V F , Tereshchenko Y O , Farberov I V , Davydkova K M
Published: December 2024

For Ukraine, the question is very acute today: will Ukrainian business be able to continue its activities in war conditions and support the state’s economy. In the conditions of war, it is extremely difficult to solve many practical issues related to the problems of forming a business strategy based on the principles of sustainable development. The basis of which are ecological interests of society, eco-oriented development of companies, constant consumption and production. The article examines the peculiarities of the operation of tourist companies in the conditions of war, conducts a basic STEEPLE analysis, presents five illustrative cases of the experience of the operation of tourist companies during the war, defines the main components of strategies based on the principles of sustainable development and new formats of Ukrainian tourism in the realities of war. The purpose of the research is to study the practical experience of conducting activities in the field of tourism during the war in Ukraine and to develop recommendations for the formation of a strategy for the ecologically oriented development of tourist companies during the war.
Paleogeomorphological amber traps of the prypiat amber-bearing basin of the Ukraine (theory and methodology of searches)
Authors: Komliev O , Remezova O , Spitsya R , Naumenko U , Komlieva M , Koval D , Zhilkin S
Published: December 2024

Ukraine’s amber industry requires expansion of its mineral resource base. The territory of the Prypiat amber basin (PAB) is considered to be the most promising for this purpose. Here, a prognosis and search system for amber (PSSA) has been created that is capable of solving current problems of the industry and its development on a scientific basis, including the concept of the amber-bearing formation (AF) and its practical implementation – the search for the amber-bearing objects (AOs) – traps of various genesis. Currently, it is believed that the main increase in amber production in the territory of the PAB will occur due to paleogeomorphological traps (PTs). This task is solved by the morphochronodynamic concept, the information and methodological basis of which is paleogeomorphology. The morphochronodynamic concept uses the methodology of systems theory, presents its own research method and determines the content of subject cartographic models that reflect the results of the research. These are maps of: paleogeomorphological cycles of development of the geomorphosystem of the time of the AF formation; statics and dynamics of its materialised space-time – the geomorpholithosphere. On their basis, the paleogeomorphological traps of the PAB territory were typified by rank and their general assessment was made to identify increased, primarily industrial, concentrations of amber. The first rank is the geomorpholithosphere of the time of the AF formation, the second rank is its structural elements and, at the same time, forecasting and prospecting units – historically-dynamic basin geomorphosystems. The third rank includes morpholithohorizons of the geomorpholithosphere (elements of its vertical structure) and morpholithocomplexes (elements of its horizontal structure) that are promising for amber deposits. A comprehensive analysis of paleogeomorphological maps of the cycles of geomorphosystem development and formation of the AF allows to distinguish the fourth and fifth ranked PTs in the territory of the PAB. The fourth rank includes some forms of palaeo-relief of perspective cycles (ancient valleys, coastal zones, uplands). The fifth rank includes parts of large forms – depressions in paleodolines, beaches, benches, etc.
Geologically conditioned method of adjustment of a gravimetric network
Authors: Djorova PhD Eng. Severina
Published: December 2024

A modified method of parametric adjustment is proposed, with the introduction of zero drift as an additional unknown. It is shown that this method is more reliable and efficient for processing gravimetric measurements. The advantages of the proposed approach over the well-known methods used today for processing the results of relative gravimetric measurements are substantiated. The results obtained with the proposed adjustment approach are analyzed, as well as the possibilities for optimizing the overall program for measuring the gravimetric network. The analysis is supported by an example from a specific and real object. Conclusions and recommendations follow.
Underwater photogrammetry
Authors: Gospodinova Veselina , Kirov Alexander
Published: December 2024

The paper presents the nature and principles of underwater photogrammetry, the features of the environment, and the means and methods for data capture and processing. It discusses the current state of underwater photogrammetry and presents an overview of its applications. The aim is to introduce divers, researchers, and other specialists to the possibilities offered by underwater photogrammetry. The paper presents a comprehensive overview of the methodology from data acquisition to the generation of a three-dimensional digital model. The paper can also help recreational divers to broaden their professional interests and subsequently retrain and start providing data for use by geologists, biologists, engineers, ecologists, and other specialists. Similarly, it can also help professional divers and diving instructors to expand their knowledge so that they can carry out activities related to tracing and monitoring underwater infrastructure. Finally, diving associations can benefit from this paper if they use it to promoting underwater photogrammetry and its applications.
Robust quantum metrology with random Majorana constellations
Authors: Goldberg Aaron Z , Hervas Jose R , Sanz Angel S , Klimov Andrei B , Řeháček Jaroslav , Hradil Zdeněk , Hiekkamäki Markus , Eriksson Matias , Fickler Robert , Leuchs Gerd , Sánchez-Soto Luis L
Published: December 2024

Even the most classical states are still governed by quantum theory. A number of physical systems can be described by their Majorana constellations of points on the surface of a sphere, where concentrated constellations and highly symmetric distributions correspond to the least and most quantum states, respectively. If these points are chosen randomly, how quantum will the resultant state be, on average? We explore this simple conceptual question in detail, investigating the quantum properties of the resulting random states. We find these states to be far from the norm, even in the large-number-of-particles limit, where classical intuition often replaces quantum properties, making random Majorana constellations peculiar and intriguing. Moreover, we study their usefulness in the context of rotation sensing and find numerical evidence of their robustness against dephasing and particle loss. We realize these states experimentally using light’s orbital angular momentum degree of freedom and implement arbitrary unitaries with a multiplane light conversion setup to demonstrate the rotation sensing. Our findings open up new possibilities for quantum-enhanced metrology.
Using random forests to explore the feasibility of groundwater knowledge transfer between the contiguous US and Denmark
Authors: Ma Yueling , Koch Julian , Maxwell Reed M
Published: December 2024

Groundwater is our largest freshwater reservoir, playing an important role in the global hydrologic cycle. Lack of reliable groundwater data restricts the development of global groundwater monitoring systems linking observations with modeling at spatial scales relevant for local decision making. Despite the growing interests in machine learning (ML) for groundwater resource modeling, taking ML models to the global scale is still outstanding due to sparse groundwater data. The contiguous US (CONUS) has extensive groundwater information covering a wide range of hydrogeologic settings. We hypothesize that a ML model trained on the CONUS is transferable to other regions, and thus can be used to produce a global water table depth (WTD) map within the bounds of transferability. To test this hypothesis, we conduct a study on transferring groundwater knowledge between the CONUS and Denmark, using several random forest models trained against ∼30 m resolution long-term mean WTD data. The joint model trained on data from the CONUS and Denmark outperforms the individual models trained separately, implying similarities within global groundwater systems. The largest improvement occurs in Denmark, where the testing Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency rises from 0.68 to 0.95. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) values are utilized to express the importance of input variables. While annual mean precipitation plays a key role in the joint model and the model for the CONUS, it is the second least important input variable in the model for Denmark where local processes dominate. Moreover, Köppen-Geiger climate classification shows a significant impact on the model testing performance and the importance ranking of input variables, which might be a missing input variable in the applied random forest models. This study provides unique insights into future ML model developments towards global groundwater monitoring and improves our confidence in producing a hyper-resolution global WTD map for sustainable freshwater management.
Biomedical applications of the engineered AIEgen-lipid nanostructure in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Suo Meng , Zhang Tianfu , Liang Xing-Jie
Published: December 2024

Since the concept of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) was first coined by Tang and co-workers, AIE-active luminogens (AIEgens) have drawn widespread attention among chemists and biologists due to their unique advantages such as high fluorescence efficiency, large Stokes shift, good photostability, low background noise, and high biological visualization capabilities in the aggregated state, surpassing conventional fluorophores. A growing number of AIEgens have been engineered to possess multifunctional properties, including near-infrared emission, two-photon absorption, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and photothermal conversion, making them suitable for deep-tissue imaging and phototherapy. AIEgens show great potential in biomedical applications in vitro and in vivo. However, despite the favorable photophysical stability and ROS/heat generation capability in the aggregated state, limitations including uncontrolled size, low targeting efficiency, and unexpected dispersion in physiological environments have hindered their biomedical applications. The combination of AIEgens with lipids offers a simple, promising, and widely adopted solution to these challenges. This review article provides an overview of the synthesis methods of AIEgen-lipid nanostructures and their applications in the biomedical engineering field, aiming to serve as a guideline for developing these AIEgens-lipid nanostructures with promising biological applications.
A review of optical and thermal eye tissue parameters for improved computational models in retinal laser therapy
Authors: Zanellati G , Allegrini D , Auricchio F , Romano M R , Cattenone A , Alaimo G , Marconi S
Published: December 2024

Laser surgery is recognized as a highly effective method for managing retinal diseases. However, the thermal effects of the laser on different eye tissues are not entirely understood yet. In this context, computational modeling can be a useful tool to predict therapy outcomes. Accurate optical and thermal parameters of ocular tissues are crucial to correctly modeling the laser-tissue interactions. The present work aims to provide an easily accessible list of optical and thermal parameters for developing computational models involving ocular tissues. An extensive literature review was conducted to gather data on these parameters. The sources of data and the methodology used to calculate these parameters are analyzed in detail to ensure the reliability of the proposed values. In particular, this review focuses on density, specific heat, thermal conductivity, refractive index, and absorption coefficient, with optical properties referring to the 577 nm wavelength. The review underscores a common tendency to rely on pre-existing values when developing new computational models, often lacking clarity regarding selection criteria and data sources. This emphasizes the necessity for new experimental studies to improve the accuracy of ocular tissue properties.
An exergy-related soft sensor modeling framework for quality prediction in multimode hot rolling process based on bidirectional minimal gated unit and broad learning system
Authors: Zhang Chuanfang , Yin Wenxiao , Peng Kaixiang , Zhang Xueyi
Published: December 2024

Quality prediction plays a vital role in enhancing the product quality and economic benefits of manufacturing processes. Variability in working modes, dynamic behaviors observed in sequential data, and the inadequate utilization of energy consumption information have resulted in poor universality and diminished prediction accuracy of conventional deep learning-based quality prediction approaches. To this end, an exergy-related soft sensor modeling framework is designed in this paper. Specifically, an integrated correlation coefficient is proposed to select exergy-related variables. In order to fully use the historical and future dynamic information of exergy-related variables, bidirectional minimal gated unit (BiMGU) is combined with broad learning system (BLS) for feature extraction and quality prediction. After that, the expansion ability of the proposed method is further discussed. Finally, the proposed soft sensor framework is applied to a real hot rolling process (HRP). The experimental results indicate that the proposed framework has higher prediction performance than the other deep learning methods. Compared to traiditional BiMGU, the mean absolute error (MAE) and the root mean squared error (RMSE) of the proposed method are reduced by 0.0105 and 0.0114, respectively.
Confronting industry 4.0 adoption barriers: a systematic examination of challenges in FMCG plants within developing nations
Authors: Prakash Surya , Shukla Om Ji
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the barriers to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) adoption in Fast-Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) plants within developing nations using a mixed-method approach. Barriers such as limited digital infrastructure, resource constraints, and lack of skilled workforce were identified and analysed through expert interviews and fuzzy-DEMATEL analysis. The analysis revealed that barriers such as high implementation costs, resistance to change, Risk aversion, and long return on investment period challenges were particularly influential, acting as both direct impediments and triggers for other barriers. The intricate interrelationships among the barriers were mapped, highlighting their cascading effects on I4.0 adoption. The study provides insights into the causes and effects of these barriers, aiding in the formulation of targeted strategies for overcoming them. The implications of the study extend to the enhancement of operational efficiency, innovation, and competitiveness in FMCG plants within developing nations. Furthermore, the findings emphasize the need for policy interventions and collaborative efforts among industry stakeholders to mitigate these barriers effectively. Future research should focus on cross-country comparisons to identify differences and similarities in the barriers to Industry 4.0 adoption across diverse economic and industrial contexts.
Secondary Traumatic Stress in Medical Students During Clinical Clerkships
Authors: Grush Kira A. , Christensen Wendy , Lockspeiser Tai , Adams Jennifer E.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Health care workers exposed to traumatic events while working with patients are at risk for secondary traumatic stress (STS). Data on this phenomenon in medical students are limited. This prospective study examines the trajectory and prevalence of STS among medical students during clinical clerkships.

Method

The study at The University of Colorado School of Medicine was conducted in 2 phases: the first evaluated STS across multiple time points in a single year (n = 187); the second assessed STS prevalence at the end of the clerkship year in 3 cohorts (2020–2023) (n = 482). The study used a validated Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale (STSS). Multilevel growth curve modeling was used to explore the change trajectory of STSS scores across the year after controlling for covariates.

Results

In phase 1, the quadratic trend coefficient was negative (−1.56), indicating a predicted trajectory in STSS total scores that started lower at clerkship year start, reached an apex during the year, and decreased by year end (P < .001). The intercept (32.73) and linear (5.17) coefficient estimates together (37.90) predicted a total score increase indicating mild STS to a total score at the cutoff for moderate STS between July–October (P < .001). The only statistically significant covariate was reporting an influential psychiatric condition (4.86, P < .001). Phase 2 revealed an end-of-year prevalence of moderate to severe STS of 35.7%, stable across all 3 cohorts. In phase 2, STS categories were significantly different for those reporting a psychiatric condition (P = .007).

Conclusions

Medical student STS symptoms increase during the clerkship year and do not return to baseline for many by the end. More research is warranted to understand risk and protective factors for STS, strategies to mitigate symptom development, and how much of the observed STS is attributable to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Ecological Psychology: A Framework for Mentoring and Career Development in Academic Medicine
Authors: Penner John C. , Durning Steven J. , Rencic Joseph J. , Donato Anthony A. , Cleland Jennifer A.
Published: December 2024

Effective mentoring can help individuals navigate the complex, dynamic environment of academic medicine as they work to develop meaningful and fulfilling careers. Despite robust research into the characteristics of effective mentoring relationships and successful mentoring programs, resources that support mentors and mentees in engaging in career development in academic medicine are limited. Ecological psychology, a theory focusing on how the dynamic interplay between individuals and their environment influences cognition and behavior, offers a promising framework for exploring how mentors and mentees can support positive career development outcomes. In this article, the authors introduce selected principles derived from ecological psychology and supplement these principles with practical, hypothetical examples that demonstrate the use of ecological psychology across the continuum of career development (e.g., from early to middle to late career decisions). By focusing on interactions between individuals and their environment, ecological psychology offers a valuable and practical complement to other theories and frameworks that address career development, such as social cognitive career theory and landscapes of practice. By centering on the dynamic interactions between individuals and their professional environments, ecological psychology offers mentors, mentees, and academic medical centers a practical structure for navigating the intricacies and challenges of career development in academic medicine.
Relationship of epicardial adipose tissue measured by transthoracic echocardiography with coronary artery disease
Authors: Baraka Mahmoud , Leon Ramez , Guindy Ramez , Abdelrazek Ali Yasmin
Published: December 2024

Background and purpose:

Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Its relationship with epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is still not yet fully established. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between EAT thickness as measured by two-dimensional (2D) echocardiography and the presence of CAD.

Methods:

This comparative cross-sectional study included 100 patients presenting with chest pain who underwent echocardiography and coronary angiography. Patients with a history of ischemic heart disease, chronic liver disease, or familial hypercholesterolemia were excluded. Participants were divided into two groups; Group A (50 patients) with significant coronary artery stenosis (>70%) on angiography, and Group B (50 patients) with normal coronary findings on angiography.

Results:

Our study has shown that EAT thickness was significantly greater in Group A compared to Group B, with an average EAT thickness of 8.5 ± 2.2 mm and 5.4 ± 1.7 mm respectively (P < 0.001). A cut-off value of 6.6 mm thickness for EAT thickness was closely associated with significant CAD, demonstrating 94% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Multivariate analysis, adjusting for confounding factors, showed that EAT thickness (odds ratio [OR]: 29.16, P < 0.001) was independently correlated to the presence of significant CAD.

Conclusions:

EAT thickness measured by echocardiography correlates with the presence of obstructive CAD in patients presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). A cut-off value of 6.6 mm is strongly linked with this condition.
Impact of Boldine Treatment on Hypertrophy and Lipid Peroxidation in the Right Ventricle Subjected to Experimental Adrenergic Overstimulation
Authors: Fernandes Elissa Kerli , Türck Patrick , Carraro Cristina Campos , de Mello Palma Victor , de Lima Rosa Gabriel , Coitinho Adriana Simon , Visioli Fernanda , Belló-Klein Adriane , de Castro Alexandre Luz , Araujo Alex Sander da Rosa
Published: December 2024

Adrenergic overstimulation is detrimental to the left ventricle. However, its effects on the right ventricle (RV) are not clear. Because adrenergic overload increases metabolic demand and oxidative stress, boldine could be a therapeutic option in the treatment of cardiovascular disease because of its antioxidant role. This study aimed to investigate the impact of adrenergic overload on RV remodeling and the cardioprotective effect of boldine. Animals were divided into 4 groups: control (C), boldine (25 mg/kg i. P.) (B), isoproterenol (ISO) (5 mg/kg subcutaneously), and boldine+isoproterenol (B+ISO). Echocardiography, Fulton index (FI), histology, oxidative stress, inflammation, and β-adrenergic receptor (ADR) were analyzed. The diastolic parasternal length [C 0.698 (0.623–0.724) versus ISO 0.77 (0.73–0.81)], FI [C 0.268 (0.231–0.275) versus ISO 0.340 (0.280–0.353)], inflammatory infiltration (∼40%), and ADR [C 0.78 (0.71–0.84) versus ISO 1.74 (1.52–2.00)] were increased in the ISO group (P < 0.05). Boldine treatment (B+ISO) reduced the FI [0.240 (0.228–0.263)], lipid peroxidation [2.07 (2.01–2.61)], and ADR [0.71(0.62–0.80)]. Boldine increased total SH levels in B+ISO [C 2.4 (1.78–2.71); ISO 4.01 (2.95–4.66) versus B+ISO 6.77(5.15–8.60)] (P < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between lipid peroxidation and the FI, and a negative correlation between total SH and the FI (P < 0.05). This is the first study to explore the effects of adrenergic overstimulation on RV and the protective effect of boldine. Such data pave the way for further research involving RV remodeling, such as in pulmonary hypertension, and a new therapeutic option.
Lip Feminization and Rejuvenation in Patients Assigned Male at Birth With Gender Dysphoria: Our 27-year Experience
Authors: Cárdenas-Camarena Lázaro , Guerrero-García María Teresa , Diaz-Barriga Julio César
Published: December 2024

Background:

Despite the increasing demand, the combination of lip feminization and rejuvenation in patients assigned male at birth with gender dysphoria is rarely reported in the medical literature. We present our 27 years of experience performing these procedures in this patient population

Methods:

All patients assigned male at birth with gender dysphoria from 1997 to 2023 were included and grouped into 4 age categories. Combined surgical procedures were performed to achieve lip rejuvenation and feminization, with detailed descriptions of the techniques used. Results were evaluated three months postsurgery using the Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale and the Global Satisfaction Scale. Complications and outcomes were documented, and statistical analysis was conducted to compare the differences between the results obtained.

Results:

During a 27-year period, 988 patients underwent 1789 procedures. Of these, 79.8% were younger than 50 years, with the largest group being between 20 and 35 years (47.6%). However, patients older than 65 had the highest average number of procedures (2.4 per patient). The results showed a high degree of improvement and satisfaction on both evaluated scales. There were only 2 hematomas, both resolved without incident. The main issues were volume loss after fat infiltration (14.3%) and poorly positioned scars in lip lifts (13.2%).

Conclusions:

Surgical procedures to feminize and rejuvenate lips can be combined in patients assigned male at birth with gender dysphoria, achieving highly satisfactory results, high patient satisfaction, and few complications
Optimizing Delivery Timing in Pregnant Patients With Chronic Hypertension at Term
Authors: Hamilton Ira , Liu James , Wajahat Labeena , DeFranco Emily A. , Rossi Robert
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To estimate the optimal timing of delivery among pregnant patients with chronic hypertension at term.

METHODS:

We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study including all nonanomalous singleton term (37–42 weeks of gestation) births in the United States from 2014 to 2018 among patients with chronic hypertension, excluding those with superimposed preeclampsia, eclampsia, and pregestational diabetes. The rates of stillbirth, infant death (within 1 year of life), and neonatal morbidity were compared at each week of term pregnancy. Neonatal morbidity was defined as a composite of neonatal intensive care unit admission, ventilation for 6 hours or longer, low 5-minute Apgar score (3 or lower), and seizures. To estimate the optimal delivery timing among pregnant patients with chronic hypertension, the risk of delivery at each week (ie, the rate of infant death or neonatal morbidity) was compared with the risk of expectant management (ie, the rate of stillbirth over that week plus rate of infant death or neonatal morbidity in the subsequent week) for an additional week. Subgroup analyses were performed for pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction and among non-Hispanic Black patients with chronic hypertension.

RESULTS:

Among pregnant patients with chronic hypertension at term (N=227,977), the rate of stillbirth (per 10,000 ongoing pregnancies) overall increased with gestational age and was lowest at 38 weeks (6.5, 95% CI, 5.4–7.7). The rates of infant death and neonatal morbidity were lowest at 40 weeks (18.0/10,000 live births, 95% CI, 13.7–23.6) and 39 weeks (637/10,000 live births, 95% CI, 619–654), respectively. The risk of delivery (per 10,000 pregnancies) was higher at 38 weeks of gestation (815, 95% CI, 793–836) compared with the composite risk of expectant management for an additional week (657.7, 95% CI, 640–676); however, at 39 weeks, the risk of delivery was lower (651, 95% CI, 633–670) compared with the composite risk of expectant management for an additional week (750, 95% CI, 720–781).

CONCLUSION:

Among patients with chronic hypertension, delivery at 39 weeks of gestation provides the optimal balance between absolute rates of infant death or neonatal morbidity and stillbirth. This finding is consistent for non-Hispanic Black patients with chronic hypertension and for those pregnancies complicated by fetal growth restriction. This is consistent with current practice guidelines.
Expression of MYD88 L265P Mutation in Subtypes of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma in the Pakistani Population
Authors: Shabir Muhammad Hamad , Din Hafeez Ud , Mahmood Rafia , Shehzad Umair Aslam
Published: December 2024

MYD88 L265P mutation is a gain-of-function driver mutation. It is observed in a significant proportion of Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and activated B-cell subtype of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL; non-germinal center subtype). The incidence of this mutation in the subtypes of DLBCL has not yet been documented in the Pakistani population. This study aimed to ascertain the frequency and association of MYD88 L265P mutation within 2 subtypes of DLBCL, germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and non-GCB B-cell lymphoma (non-GCB), in the local population. This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Punjab, Pakistan. All newly diagnosed cases of DLBCL were included in the study. We analyzed 82 biopsy-proven cases of DLBCL (28 cases of GCB subtype and 54 cases of non-GCB subtype). DNA was extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue blocks, and a conventional polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the MYD88 L265P mutation. The MYD88 L265P mutation was detected in 01 of 28 (3.6%) cases of the GCB subtype (95% CI: 0%-10%) and in 12 of 54 (22.2%) cases of the non-GCB subtype (95% CI: 11%-33%). Pearsos χ2 test revealed a statistically significant association of MYD88 L265P mutation with non-GCB subtype of DLBCL (P = 0.024). This association will assist in identifying a target population that may benefit from MYD88-specific treatment regimens. This may exponentially improve the outcome of patients with DLBCL harboring this mutation.
Body weight changes in people with HIV starting dolutegravir versus efavirenz-based regimens in a large cohort in rural Tanzania
Authors: Weisser Maja , Mapesi Herry , Vanobberghen Fiona , Okuma James , Eichenberger Anna , Wilson Herieth Ismael , Paris Daniel Henry , Kalinjuma Aneth Vedastus , Luoga Ezekiel , Wilson Lulu , Glass Tracy Renée , Franzeck Fabian Christoph ,   the KIULARCO Study Group
Published: December 2024

Objectives:

To analyze weight changes associated with dolutegravir- versus efavirenz-based antiretroviral therapy (ART) in people with HIV (PWH) in rural Tanzania, where undernutrition is prevalent.

Design:

Longitudinal, observational study of the prospective Kilombero and Ulanga Antiretroviral Cohort (KIULARCO).

Methods:

We included adult, ART-naïve, nonpregnant PWH initiating efavirenz-based ART 12/2016–02/2019 or dolutegravir-based ART 03/2019–12/2022. We used multivariable linear mixed-effects models to assess adjusted weight changes during 18 months after ART start and Cox regression models to assess factors associated with incident obesity, weight gain ≥10% and hypertension.

Results:

Of 1205 PWH at ART start [median age 40 years (interquartile range (IQR) 32–48); 719 (59.7%) females], 166 (13.8%) individuals were underweight and 317 (26.3%) overweight/obese; 621 (51.5%) initiated efavirenz-based and 584 (48.5%) dolutegravir-based ART. After 18 months, estimated weight gain was 5.1 kg [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.7–5.5] in the dolutegravir versus 4.0 kg (95% CI 3.7–4.4) in the efavirenz group. The weight gain difference between treatment groups was high in men (1.7 kg (95% CI 0.8–2.6; P < 0.001)), in those aged 30–49 years (1.5 kg (0.8–2.1); P < 0.001) and those with CD4+ cell count ≥500/ul (2.5 kg (1.4–3.7), P < 0.001)). Cumulative obesity incidence at 18 months was 10.9% (95% CI 8.3–14.0) in the dolutegravir and 5.1% (95% CI 3.6–7.1) in the efavirenz group. Associated factors were dolutegravir and a pre-ART body mass index (BMI) of 25–29 kg/m2. Dolutegravir and age, but not weight gain were associated with incident of hypertension.

Conclusions:

Dolutegravir-based ART was associated with more weight gain, higher obesity and hypertension – especially in those with a higher pre-ART BMI compared to efavirenz-based regimens.
Gadolinium Elimination in a Gadolinium Deposition Disease Population After a Single Exposure to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents
Authors: Ramalho Joana , Ramalho Miguel , Semelka Richard C.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study documents the gadolinium (Gd) content in urine over time after the administration of a single dose of Gd-based contrast agent (GBCA) in patients diagnosed with Gd deposition disease.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective observational study, 45 subjects with normal renal function who had performed 1 contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging and had a nonprovoked (native) 24-hour urine test for Gd quantification after the examination were evaluated. The GBCA brand and the time interval in days between the GBCA administration and 24-hour urine Gd measurements were recorded. Log-log plot visualization of time points for urine Gd content was obtained.

Results

Time points collected for urine Gd content showed that Gd was above the reference levels for 3 months postinjection. The urinary concentration of Gd was similar for all agents, including linear and macrocyclic. The urinary content decreased in a dog-leg fashion. Gd urine content was substantially elevated at 1 month and decreased to remain above the accepted normal range by 3 months.

Conclusions

Gd is retained in the body and shows demonstrable continued spontaneous elimination in urine for at least several months after administration, including the most stable macrocyclic agents. The Gd elimination pattern shows a logarithmic decrease pattern between 1 and 3 months for all agents, regardless of their structure.
A Solid Pseudopapillary Tumor of the Pancreas Incidentally Detected by 68Ga-Pentixafor PET/CT in a Patient With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Chen Xiang , Xing Yan , Liu Changcun , Zhang Rui , Zhao Jinhua
Published: December 2024

A 27-year-old woman underwent 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT for primary aldosteronism localization and characterization. No functional adrenal nodules were detected by 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT, whereas a hypodense nodule with focal pentixafor uptake was incidentally discovered in the head of pancreas. Retrospective analysis of contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a subtly enhancing nodule devoid of calcification in the pancreatic head. Pancreatic cancer cannot be excluded. 18F-FDG PET/CT was suggested, and the scan showed an FDG-avid lesion in the same region. Needle biopsy was performed, and the pathological result is solid pseudopapillary tumor, a rare pancreatic tumor of low malignant potential.