bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Olfactory Working Memory Capacity Paradigm
Authors: Jiang Lixin , Huang Gengdi , Yu Xin
Published: June 2024

Working memory capacity (WMC), a crucial component of working memory (WM), has consistently drawn the attention of researchers. Exploring the underlying neurobiological mechanisms behind it is currently a prominent focus in the field of neuroscience. Previously, we developed a novel behavioral paradigm for rodents called the olfactory working memory capacity (OWMC) paradigm, which serves as an effective tool for quantifying the WMC of rodents. The OWMC task comprises five phases: context adaptation, digging training, rule‐learning for nonmatching to a single sample odor (NMSS), rule‐learning for nonmatching to multiple sample odors (NMMS), and capacity testing. In the first phase, mice are handled to reduce stress and acclimate to the training cage. The second phase involves training mice to dig in a bowl of unscented sawdust to locate a piece of cheese. In the third phase, mice are trained to locate the cheese pellet in a bowl with a noveal odor. The fourth phase requires mice to distinguish the novel odor among multiple scented bowls to locate the cheese pellet. Finally, in the fifth phase, mice undergo several WMC tests until they achieve a stable level of performance. In this protocol paper, we will provide detailed instructions on how to implement the behavioral paradigm. © 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.

Basic Protocol 1: Context adaptation

Basic Protocol 2: Digging training

Basic Protocol 3: Rule‐learning for NMSS

Basic Protocol 4: Rule‐learning for NMMS

Basic Protocol 5: Capacity testing
Ferrocene Derivatives for Photothermal Applications
Authors: Hu Yue , Fang Zhou , Yao Bing , Ye Zhizhen , Peng Xinsheng
Published: June 2024

Ferrocene (Fc) and Fc derivatives have gained popularity in recent years due to their unique structure and characteristics. Among Fc′s diverse performances, photothermal conversion, as a primary source of energy conversion, has sparked substantial study attention. This Review summaries Fc and Fc derivatives with photothermal characteristics, as well as their applications developed recently. First, methods for the synthesis of Fc‐based materials are systematically discussed. Then, the photothermal conversion mechanism based on nonradiative relaxation is summarized. Furthermore, the most recent advances in Fc‐based materials in photothermal applications are described, including photothermal degradation, photothermal antibacterial, photothermal therapies, photothermal catalysis, solar‐driven water production, and photothermal CO2 separation. Finally, a summary and insights on the photothermal application of Fc‐based materials are provided. This paper seeks to provide researchers with a better knowledge of photothermal behavior while also highlighting the potential of Fc and its derivatives in photothermal fields.
A new three‐port DC/DC converter with soft switching, for PV applications
Authors: Saadabad Neda Zahedi , Nasiri Abolfazl , Nekoui Javad
Published: June 2024

In this study, a novel non‐isolated DC/DC converter is presented. A bidirectional buck/boost DC/DC converter is used to utilize PV electric energy along with battery charge/discharge control. In this topology, soft switching conditions are provided using a resonant circuit consisting of two capacitors and an inductor. Therefore, the switching losses are reduced, and the provided converter works with high efficiency. The incorporation of capacitors and inductors into the converter also reduces the ripple in the main inductor current and output voltage. A simple control strategy, including maximum power point tracking and electric current management, is evaluated. This paper extensively explores operational modes, design components, and power efficiency and provides a detailed discussion of comparison results. To confirm the performance of the proposed converter, the experimental prototype with output power of 125 and 270 W and switching frequency of 50 kHz was evaluated, and the results of the proposed converter were confirmed.
The clinical application and laboratory management of molecular genetic diagnosis in children's hospital
Authors: Bao Wenjie , Fu Qihua , Zhang Xiaoqing , Mo Xi , Yu Tingting
Published: June 2024

Background

Molecular diagnostic technology is the foundation of precision medicine, which has the advantages of good specificity, high sensitivity, strong targeting, rapiddiagnosis, etc. It has a wide range of applications in the field of pediatrics. However, molecular diagnostic technology is characterized by complicated experimental operation, high difficulty in data analysis and interpretation, in consistent standards among laboratories, and difficult standardization of technical processes. Enhancing the application value of molecular diagnostic technology in pediatrics and promoting the high‐quality development of the discipline requires careful consideration by relevant management and professionals.

Methods

This study firstly outlines the development history of molecular diagnostic technology. Then, it analyzes the application of molecular diagnostic technology in the field of pediatrics. Finally, it explores the countermeasures for the management of molecular diagnostic laboratories.

Results

This study highlights the importance of molecular diagnostic technology in providing information and decision‐making basis for disease prevention, prediction,diagnosis, treatment and regression. It has a wide range of applications in the molecular diagnosis of pediatric hereditary diseases, malignant tumors and infectious diseases. In addition, the countermeasures for the management of molecular diagnostic laboratories are proposed from the five aspects of laboratory, personnel team construction, standardized management,multidisciplinary cross‐discipline, research and translation, safety managementand ethical supervision, and management upgrading and modernization.

Conclusions

Molecular diagnostic technology, as the basis of precision medicine, has become one of the important frontier fields in the development of contemporary pediatric medicine. Enhanced laboratory capacity in molecular diagnostic techniques can improve outcomes in the prevention, prediction, diagnosis, treatment, prognosis and research of pediatricdiseases, and lay the groundwork for child healthcare.
Network simulation tools for unmanned aerial vehicle communications: A survey
Authors: Jiang Weiwei , Han Haoyu , He Miao , Gu Weixi
Published: June 2024

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) communication has been proposed as an effective solution in both military and civilian scenarios, with low cost, high efficiency, high flexibility, and on‐demand deployment. Network simulation is an economically efficient method for validating new ideas in UAV communication. While some simulation tools have been proposed for UAV communications, there is a lack of a state‐of‐the‐art review to guide newcomers in this research field. In existing surveys, the discussion of network simulators is not comprehensive and the content discussed is outdated. There has also been no discussion of open‐source UAV simulation tools. To fill these research gaps, this survey presents an updated and comprehensive survey of UAV network simulation tools, including a unique collection of open‐source tools. Research challenges and opportunities have been proposed to inspire follow‐up studies.
A strategy to drive nanoflow using Laplace pressure and the end effect
Authors: Zhang Keli , Xu Hengyu , Fan Jingcun , Ouyang Cancan , Wu Hengan , Wang Fengchao
Published: June 2024

Nanofluidics holds significant potential across diverse fields, including energy, environment, and biotechnology. Nevertheless, the fundamental driving mechanisms on the nanoscale remain elusive, underscoring the crucial importance of exploring nanoscale driving techniques. This study introduces a Laplace pressure‐driven flow method that is accurately controlled and does not interfere with interfacial dynamics. Here, we first confirmed the applicability of the Young–Laplace equation for droplet radii ranging from 1 to 10 nm. Following that, a steady‐state liquid flow within the carbon nanotube was attained in molecular dynamics simulations. This flow was driven by the Laplace pressure difference across the nanochannel, which originated from two liquid droplets of unequal sizes positioned at the channel ends, respectively. Furthermore, we employ the Sampson formula to rectify the end effect, ultimately deriving a theoretical model to quantify the flow rate, which satisfactorily describes the molecular dynamics simulation results. This research enhances our understanding on the driving mechanisms of nanoflows, providing valuable insights for further exploration in fluid dynamics on the nanoscale.
Synthesis of (E)‐Enaminoesters by a 1,6‐Addition/Fragmentation Cascade Involving Coumalic Acid Esters and Secondary Amines
Authors: Xavier Tania , Condon Sylvie , Pichon Christophe , Le Gall Erwan , Presset Marc
Published: June 2024

Coumalic acid methyl ester (methyl coumalate), a biomass‐derived building block, was converted into (E)‐enaminoesters by an original uncatalyzed stereoselective 1,6‐addition/fragmentation cascade involving secondary amines. The transformation occurred under useful experimental conditions as a simple heating of a stoichiometric mixture of the starting compounds led to the desired products. The reaction could be extended to a range of alkyl coumalates and a variety of secondary amines. Given the original character of the transformation, the reaction mechanism was discussed. Therefore, the cascade is supposed to involve a 1,6‐conjugate addition followed by a fragmentation sequence leading ultimately to the decarboxylative elimination of (E)‐enaminoesters. Using this procedure, renewable coumalic acid proved to be a valuable alternative to fossil fuel‐based propiolates for the preparation of enaminoesters.
Epilepsy in rural South Africa: Patient experiences and healthcare challenges
Authors: Makhado Lufuno , Maphula Angelina , Ngomba Richard Teke , Musekwa Ofhani Prudance , Makhado Thendo Gertie , Nemathaga Muofheni , Rammela Mukovhe , Munyadziwa Muimeleli , Striano Pasquale
Published: June 2024

Objective

This study investigates the prevalent issues of healthcare access and the impact of antiseizure treatments among people with epilepsy (PWE) in rural Limpopo and Mpumalanga, South Africa, where healthcare facilities and affordable treatments are often inadequate.

Methods

Using a cross‐sectional survey, 162 PWE were selected using multistage sampling across the provinces. Data were collected via a structured questionnaire and analyzed descriptively using SPSS v27.

Results

Most of the participants experienced seizures intermittently, with 70.6% in Limpopo and 53.3% in Mpumalanga reporting occasional episodes, whereas a significant minority in both regions—20.6% and 40%, respectively—suffered from frequent seizures. A notable portion of PWE also reported recurring side effects from antiseizure drugs, which led to consequential life disruptions, including educational dropout and unemployment.

Significance

The findings underscore an urgent need for enhanced educational programs and increased awareness to improve the understanding and management of epilepsy in these underserved areas. Optimizing care for PWE requires a multifaceted approach, including evaluating healthcare accessibility, affordability, and societal beliefs influencing treatment adherence. The study advocates for government and policy interventions to mitigate the quality of life deterioration caused by epilepsy and its treatment in rural communities.

Plain Language Summary

In Limpopo and Mpumalanga, many individuals with epilepsy experience seizures occasionally, while a significant minority have them frequently. Numerous people also suffer recurring side effects from antiseizure medications, impacting their lives severely by causing school dropouts and job losses. This underscores the urgent need for improved education and awareness programs to manage epilepsy in these provinces effectively. The study urges government action and policy reforms to enhance care and support for people with epilepsy in rural areas, aiming to improve their quality of life.
Causes of Fish Lift Shutdowns on U.S. East Coast Hydroelectric Dams
Authors: Kearnan Kayleigh , Waldman John
Published: June 2024

Hydroelectric dams in the northeastern United States pose a challenge to the upstream spawning migrations of anadromous fishes, such as American Shad Alosa sapidissima, Alewife A. pseudoharengus, Blueback Herring A. aestivalis, Atlantic Salmon Salmo salar, and Sea Lamprey Petromyzon marinus. One response has been the construction and operation of fish lifts. A drawback of this solution is that fish lifts can be shut down. This study sought to determine how often fish lifts on major northeastern rivers (including lifts at the Cataract, Lockwood, and Milford dams in Maine; Holyoke Dam in Massachusetts; Scotland Dam in Connecticut; and Conowingo Dam in Maryland) shut down during their respective passage seasons and the causes for these shutdowns. We found that these lifts did not operate for 8–26% of their passage seasons, on average, with the mean season length lasting between 49 and 205 d. The causes for shutdowns were categorized as physical, mechanical, scheduling, other, or none given, with the primary cause varying among dams. Our results demonstrate an important weakness of fish lifts as a passage solution and, in turn, highlight the need for measures that limit disruptions to lifting where dam removal is not possible and strengthen the case for dam removal.
Dynamic changes and interaction between different aroma types during low‐temperature roasting of bud green tea
Authors: Wang Cong‐Ming , Tan Xiao‐Qin , Du Xiao , Hu Jia‐Jing , Li Xin‐Yi , Yan Li‐Shu , Zhang Xiang , Nie Cong‐Ning , Chen Liu‐Yi , Du Feng , Zhao Yue‐Ling , Bian Jin‐Lin , Li Pin‐Wu
Published: June 2024

As an important process for enhancing aroma of Wuyi rock tea, roasting has gradually been applied to the processing of bud green tea (BGT). However, there is a lack of comprehensive research on the impact of roasting on BGT aroma. This research provides a detailed analysis of the changes in aroma perception and compounds during the low‐temperature roasting process (105°C, 90 minutes) of BGT. First, the changes in aroma perception were studied using quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA). The aroma perception of BGT transformed from fresh to chestnut like. Next, headspace solid‐phase microextraction–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS‐SPME‐GC–MS) analysis was conducted to characterize the volatile compounds during roasting. A total of 313 volatile compounds were identified, among which 72 showed significant differences. Compounds such as linalool, benzyl alcohol, ionone, and ethyl salicylate (floral aroma) and 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine, 2,3‐dimethylpyrazine, 2‐acetylpyrrole, and 3‐furfural (caramel‐like aroma) were confirmed to be involved in the formation of the chestnut‐like aroma during roasting process. In addition, representative aroma compounds with different characteristics were selected based on monomolecular olfactory results to simulate sensory‐level aroma interactions. The results showed that fresh and tender aromas exhibited mutual enhancement at low concentrations, while sweet and chestnut‐like aromas showed mutual enhancement at all concentrations.
The importance of abortion training for obstetrician‐gynecologists: A comparison of the United States, Sweden, and Ghana
Authors: Obern Cerisa , Morhe Emmanuel , Gemzell‐Danielsson Kristina , Steinauer Jody
Published: June 2024

Since 2020, World Health Organization guidelines state that universal access to abortion care is critical for individual and community health, and for the realization of human rights. Yet the right to access safe abortion care is severely restricted in many countries. This article outlines institutional and educational systems in the USA, Sweden, and Ghana, which all require obstetrics and gynecology (ob‐gyn) training to include abortion care but vary in implementation. It argues that regardless of the political environment, the specialty should protect abortion training worldwide. In Sweden and Ghana, ob‐gyn residents are required to participate in abortion training, while in the USA they are permitted to opt out. In Sweden, practicing ob‐gyn specialists are required to provide abortion care, whereas in Ghana and the USA, this care is optional, leading to geographic disparities in abortion care access in these two countries. In the USA, the Supreme Court's Dobbs ruling jeopardizes programs' abilities to meet the training mandate, a requirement that was insufficiently implemented even before the ruling. It is critical that all clinicians are well‐equipped to provide accurate information to their patients and provide pre‐ and post‐abortion care. For this reason, we recommend that abortion is included in all undergraduate medical education programs in accordance with the recommendations of FIGO (the International Federation of Gynecology & Obstetrics). To meet WHO guidelines that require ob‐gyn specialists to provide abortion care in an emergency, we urge FIGO to create a guideline about expectations for abortion training integration in obstetrics and gynecology.
External cephalic version following prior cesarean delivery: A comparative cohort analysis
Authors: Sánchez‐Romero Javier , Gallego‐Pozuelo Rosa María , Dahmouni‐Dahmouni Hajar , Blanco‐Carnero José Eliseo , Araico‐Rodríguez Fernando , Herrera‐Giménez Javier , Guijarro‐Campillo Alberto Rafael , Nieto‐Díaz Aníbal , de Paco Katy
Published: June 2024

Objective

To analyze the success rate of external cephalic version (ECV) in pregnant women with a history of previous cesarean section, as well as to describe the rate of complications associated with the procedure.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of women who were offered an ECV at “Virgen de la Arrixaca” Clinic University Hospital (Murcia, Spain) between January 2014 and December 2023. We collected data for previous cesarean delivery, obstetric history, fetal presentation, amniotic fluid volume, ECV success rate, complications related to ECV, mode of delivery, and neonatal outcomes. The study confidently performed ECV under sedation with propofol and tocolysis with ritodrine. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to compare the success rate of ECV, ECV complications, and mode of delivery between women with and without previous cesarean sections.

Results

Of 1116 pregnant women who were offered ECV, 911 were included in the study, with 42 having a previous cesarean section. The success rate of ECV in pregnant women with a previous cesarean section was 78.6% (adjusted odds ratio 1.18; 95% confidence interval 0.49–2.86; P = 0.708), with a low complication rate of 9.5%, such as non‐reassuring fetal heart rate (7.1%) or major vaginal bleeding (2.4%). Of the women who attempted a vaginal delivery after ECV, 80.8% were successful.

Conclusions

These findings support that ECV is a safe and effective option for women with a previous cesarean section, with success rates comparable to those in women without a previous cesarean section.
Free essential amino acid feeding improves endurance during resistance training via DRP1‐dependent mitochondrial remodelling
Authors: Jang Jiwoong , Kim Yeongmin , Song Taejeong , Park Sanghee , Kim Hee‐Joo , Koh Jin‐ho , Cho Yoonil , Park Shi‐Young , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Kwak Hyo‐Bum , Wolfe Robert R. , Kim Il‐Young , Choi Cheol Soo
Published: June 2024

Background

Loss of muscle strength and endurance with aging or in various conditions negatively affects quality of life. Resistance exercise training (RET) is the most powerful means to improve muscle mass and strength, but it does not generally lead to improvements in endurance capacity. Free essential amino acids (EAAs) act as precursors and stimuli for synthesis of both mitochondrial and myofibrillar proteins that could potentially confer endurance and strength gains. Thus, we hypothesized that daily consumption of a dietary supplement of nine free EAAs with RET improves endurance in addition to the strength gains by RET.

Methods

Male C57BL6J mice (9 weeks old) were assigned to control (CON), EAA, RET (ladder climbing, 3 times a week), or combined treatment of EAA and RET (EAA + RET) groups. Physical functions focusing on strength or endurance were assessed before and after the interventions. Several analyses were performed to gain better insight into the mechanisms by which muscle function was improved. We determined cumulative rates of myofibrillar and mitochondrial protein synthesis using 2H2O labelling and mass spectrometry; assessed ex vivo contractile properties and in vitro mitochondrial function, evaluated neuromuscular junction (NMJ) stability, and assessed implicated molecular singling pathways. Furthermore, whole‐body and muscle insulin sensitivity along with glucose metabolism, were evaluated using a hyperinsulinaemic–euglycaemic clamp.

Results

EAA + RET increased muscle mass (10%, P < 0.05) and strength (6%, P < 0.05) more than RET alone, due to an enhanced rate of integrated muscle protein synthesis (19%, P < 0.05) with concomitant activation of Akt1/mTORC1 signalling. Muscle quality (muscle strength normalized to mass) was improved by RET (i.e., RET and EAA + RET) compared with sedentary groups (10%, P < 0.05), which was associated with increased AchR cluster size and MuSK activation (P < 0.05). EAA + RET also increased endurance capacity more than RET alone (26%, P < 0.05) by increasing both mitochondrial protein synthesis (53%, P < 0.05) and DRP1 activation (P < 0.05). Maximal respiratory capacity increased (P < 0.05) through activation of the mTORC1‐DRP1 signalling axis. These favourable effects were accompanied by an improvement in basal glucose metabolism (i.e., blood glucose concentrations and endogenous glucose production vs. CON, P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Combined treatment with balanced free EAAs and RET may effectively promote endurance capacity as well as muscle strength through increased muscle protein synthesis, improved NMJ stability, and enhanced mitochondrial dynamics via mTORC1‐DRP1 axis activation, ultimately leading to improved basal glucose metabolism.
Can perception of fractured endodontic files benefit 1st degree dental students and dental educators: A questionnaire‐based survey
Authors: Maqbool Manahil , Asogan Valar Maty , Akram Zunaira , Then Bernard , Noorani Tahir Yusuf
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study aimed (i) to assess the perception of dental undergraduate (1st degree dental students) learners about endodontic file separation (EFS) and knowledge of its avoidance, as well as (ii) to aid dental educators in conceptualizing and designing student‐directed courses for better understanding. The rationale of this study was to provide both learners and educators with a tool to help self‐assess/impart knowledge and devise simple yet innovative modern ways of teaching in the field of endodontics. The study utilized a self‐reporting dataset from one institution to disclose this limitation.

Materials

A validated self‐administered questionnaire from a previous study was converted into an online Google form link consisting of 15 multiple‐choice questions. This was distributed to 100 Year 4 and Year 5 1st degree dental students. Pearson chi‐square test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05).

Results

The response rate was 81%. The majority of the learners expressed that performing endodontic treatment in permanent (100%) posterior teeth of old‐aged people causes EFS (95.1%). Ninety‐nine percent answered that EFS was a gender‐independent factor, 72.8% perceived that patient anxiety leads to EFS, and 88.9% said that the apical third was more prone to instrument fracture and had the poorest prognosis (95.1%). Hundred percent, 93.8%, 100%, 92.6%, 100%, and 97.5% of respondents, respectively, perceived that the role of operator, coronal flare, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) gel, cleaning endodontic instrument, reusing instrument, and choice of instrument affects the occurrence of EFS. A total of 71.6% said hand files fractured, while 86.4% perceived that stainless steel alloy files separated easily, and 69.1% of learners perceived that EFS occurred often during the cleaning and shaping stage.

Conclusions

The perception of 1st degree dental students regarding EFS and knowledge of its avoidance was good. Results from this study confirmed that the 1st degree dental students’ clinical training courses and study modules adopted and designed by their dental educators were well‐suited and appropriate.
HOVON 104, long‐term follow‐up of bortezomib‐dexamethasone induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed AL amyloidosis patients
Authors: Minnema Monique C. , Nasserinejad Kazem , Hegenbart Ute , Ypma Paula F. , Wu Ka Lung , Kersten Marie Jose , Croockewit Sandra , Zweegman Sonja , Tick Lidwine , Broijl Annemiek , Koene Harry , Bos Gerard M. J. , Sonneveld Pieter , Schönland Stefan O.
Published: June 2024

The HOVON 104 studied bortezomib‐dexamethasone induction therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation in 50 patients, of whom 35 received an autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). We demonstrate a 5‐year overall survival (OS) of 73% and progression‐free survival (PFS) of 52% for all 50 patients with a median follow‐up of 61.3 months. For the 35 transplanted patients, calculated from the date of ASCT, the 5‐year OS and PFS were 91% and 68%, respectively. After ASCT, the rate of organ response improved over time but stabilized around 3 years. A complete cardiac response was seen in around 60% of patients and remained stable from 2 years onward. Reaching complete renal response was slower over time and achieved by 61% of the renal‐affected patients at 5 years. We confirm the excellent outcomes after ASCT and demonstrate a 60% complete organ response with longer follow‐up.
Similarities and differences of bone marrow and peripheral blood samples from acute myeloid leukemia patients in terms of cellular heterogeneity and ex‐vivo drug sensitivity
Authors: Caliskan Gulser , Pawitan Yudi , Vu Trung Nghia
Published: June 2024

Background

Bone marrow (BM) evaluation is the de facto standard for diagnosis, molecular analysis, risk stratification, and therapy response assessment in acute myeloid leukemia (AML), but in patients with a high number of circulating blast cells, the peripheral blood (PB) sample could provide similar information as BM. However, there is no large‐scale molecular study comparing the two specimens in terms of their gene expression profiles, cellular heterogeneities, and ex‐vivo drug sensitivity.

Methodology

We used (i) the BEAT‐AML cohort each with detailed molecular data; (ii) cell‐type deconvolution to estimate leukemic and immune cell proportions between specimen types; (iii) differential expression (DE) and drug‐cell type association analysis; and (iv) logistic regression models to assess the association between induction therapy response, cell‐type composition and first‐line drug treatment.

Results

Results: We identified 207 patients having BM and 116 patients having PB samples. There was a total of 1271 DE genes (false discovery rate < 0.05) between BM and PB; the top enriched pathways in terms of DE genes belong to the immune system pathways. Aggregated ex‐vivo drug response profiles from the two specimens were largely similar, as were the cellular components, except for the GMP‐like cell type (17% in BM vs. 5% in PB, p‐value = 2 × 10−7). Among the specimen‐specific results, the GMP‐like subtype was associated with multiple drug resistance in BM and the ProMono‐like subtype in PB. Several cell types were associated with the response to induction therapy, but the impact of specimen type on the interaction of cell type and cytarabine‐associated induction therapy was not statistically significant for most cell types.

Results

Conclusions: Even though there are molecular and cellular differences between BM and PB samples, they show many similarities in ex‐vivo drug response profiles, indicating the clinical utility of the substantially less‐invasive PB samples.
Synthesis of novel pyrido[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐thiazolidione‐1,2,4‐oxadiazoles as potent EGFR targeting anticancer agents
Authors: Varaprasadu Botla Durga , Haridasyam Sharath Babu , Koppula Shiva Kumar
Published: June 2024

In this study, we designed and synthesized a number of novel pyrido[3,4‐d]pyrimidine‐thiazolidine‐1,2,4‐oxadiazole derivatives and investigated them in vitro for their inhibitory action toward epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases and antiproliferative activity against two different cell lines, MCF‐7 and A‐549. When compared to the lead chemicals, 5‐fluorouracil and erlotinib, some of the compounds demonstrated acceptable activity. Among them, the most promising compounds 4d and 4e displayed potent anticancer activity against both MCF‐7 and A‐549 cell lines (IC50 values remaining: 1.97 ± 0.28 μM to 8.14 ± 0.52 μM, respectively); the comparative IC50 values for 5‐fluorouracil and erlotinib in these cell lines were 5.56 ± 0.34 μM, 12.66 ± 0.76 μM, and 3.64 ± 0.49 μM, 9.54 ± 0.75 μM, respectively; as well as excellent kinase inhibitory activities (EGFR: IC50 = 0.34 ± 0.07 μM and 0.42 ± 0.06 μM) were more effective than the conventional drug Erlotinib (IC50 = 0.42 ± 0.02 μM).
Effect of alveolar ridge preservation at periodontally compromised molar extraction sockets: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Dai Anna , Li Hao‐Yu , Kang Sen , Lin Renjie , Huang Jia‐Ping , Mao Feifei , Ding Pei‐Hui
Published: June 2024

Background

To date, the clinical evidence regarding the effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) in restricting alveolar bone height and width change after extraction at periodontally compromised molar extraction sockets still remains controversial. This retrospective cohort study aims to evaluate the effect of ARP in molars extracted for periodontal reasons.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from patient electronic records from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients with Stage III/IV periodontitis who underwent extraction of molars for periodontal reasons were screened for eligibility. The outcomes included the horizontal and vertical dimensions of alveolar bone. The need for additional augmentation procedure during implantation was also evaluated. A linear regression model was used to adjust for known confounders.

Results

A total of 80 sockets were included in this study, of which 27 sockets received ARP therapy after extraction while 53 sockets experienced natural healing (NH). ARP resulted in significantly less bone height change in the periodontally compromised molar sites compared to the NH group (p < 0.001). In sockets displaying a height disparity of >2 mm between the buccal and palatal/lingual walls, the ARP group exhibited advantageous outcomes in terms of ridge width change, surpassing the NH group (p = 0.004). Moreover, the percentage for additional augmentation was significantly reduced in the ARP compared to the NH group (p = 0.006). Age, sex, smoking, jaw, location, and buccal wall thickness did not show any significant effect on bone height change.

Conclusion

ARP had benefits on limiting ridge resorption subsequent to molar extraction for periodontal reasons.
Lake Wellington and West Walker River in Great Basin of western United States: History and genesis
Authors: Wesnousky STEVEN G. , Sion Brad
Published: June 2024

Closed basins within the Great Basin of the western United States were home to numerous lakes during the Pleistocene. One of these paleolakes along the western edge of the Great Basin, Lake Wellington, once filled a 10 × 25‐km expanse of Smith Valley to depths approaching 90 m. This and other lakes that existed during the Pleistocene are generally considered to be pluvial, indicating contemporaneity with either or all a period of cooler climate, increased rainfall and snowmelt, and relatively reduced rates of evaporation as compared to today. Here we combine the results of 36Cl terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure dating with soils and geomorphic observations to suggest Lake Wellington was not a pluvial lake but instead the result of a large landslide prior to ~43 ± 15 ka along the West Walker River where it exited Smith Valley. The observations collected also reveal an ancestral course of the West Walker River ~85 m above the current river grade. Attributing the elevation difference to incision caused by active 0.05 ± 0.01 mm a−1 uplift of the underlying Singatse and assuming the ancestral course followed the same path as today places the age of the paleoriver course at ~1.7 Ma.
Confocal Raman spectroscopic study of melt inclusions from peridotite xenoliths in economic and barren kimberlites from Kaapvaal Craton
Authors: Khan Sahroz , Fedortchouk Yana , Feichter Monika , Toth Tivadar M.
Published: June 2024

Melt inclusions trapped in minerals inside xenoliths from kimberlites can help to examine the composition of kimberlite melt and/or metasomatic processes in the subcratonic lithospheric mantle as well as shed more light on the role of these melts in diamond destruction. In this study, confocal Raman spectroscopy of secondary melt inclusions in olivine from xenoliths in five different Kaapvaal Craton kimberlites was used for testing any compositional differences between melt inclusions from economically productive (Bultfontein and Frank Smit) and uneconomic diamond barren (Matsoku, Thaba Putsoa, and Pipe 200) kimberlite pipes. The xenoliths represent a range of pressures (37–45 kbar) and temperatures (1000–1300°C). The 26 daughter minerals identified within melt inclusions include Ca–Mg (±Na, K, P, Cl)‐bearing carbonates, alkali (±Ca, Ba, Cl, F, H2O, CO2)‐bearing sulfates, phosphates, oxides, silicates, and a rare nitrate. The mineral assemblages in melt inclusions are similar in both economic and barren kimberlite pipes from the interior and the edge of the craton, indicating the similar composition of the entrapped melts in all studied samples. However, the petrographic study revealed different metasomatic processes recorded by xenoliths from barren and economic kimberlites. Metasomatism by a melt enriched in K, Ca, and H2O could be instrumental in diamond destruction and the low diamond grade of the three barren kimberlites from Lesotho. Our study revealed no effect of kimberlite melt composition on diamond preservation in the studied kimberlites: instead, diamond grade is most likely affected by diamond destruction in the mantle source prior to kimberlite emplacement with kimberlite ascent.
Custom total knee arthroplasty with personalised alignment showed better 2‐year functional outcome compared to off‐the‐shelf arthroplasty
Authors: Vogel Nicole , Kaelin Raphael , Arnold Markus P.
Published: June 2024

Purpose

Customised individually made (CIM) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) with personalised alignment is relatively new and evidence is limited. The aim of this study was to compare patient‐reported outcome measures between CIM and off‐the‐shelf (OTS) TKA patients in a matched‐pair analysis with a 2‐year follow‐up.

Methods

In this single‐centre, prospective cohort study, propensity score matching was performed on 51 CIM and 51 OTS TKA. Data were measured at baseline, at 4 months, 1 and 2 years and included the Forgotten Joint Score (FJS‐12), the High Activity Arthroplasty Score (HAAS), the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), the EQ‐5D‐3L, the EQ‐Visual Analogue Scale, satisfaction, overall knee improvement, willingness to undergo the surgery again and the Knee Society Score.

Results

At 2 years follow‐up, the FJS‐12 (77 vs. 67, p = .058), HAAS (13 vs. 11, p < .001), KOOS daily living (92 vs. 86, p = .029), KOOS sport (76 vs. 65, p = .019), KOOS quality of life (81 vs. 71, p = .028) and the EQ‐5D (.95 vs. .90, p = .030) were higher for CIM TKA compared to OTS TKA. Satisfaction rate was 92% for CIM TKA and 84% for OTS TKA (p = .357). Most patients reported an improvement in the overall knee state (94% CIM and 90% OTS, p = .487) and almost all patients would undergo the surgery again (96% CIM and 98% OTS, p = .999).

Conclusion

The current study found that CIM TKA patients had better functional outcomes at 2 years. Patient satisfaction was high and not statistically significantly different from OTS TKA patients.

Level of Evidence

Level II, prospective cohort study.
A comparative video analysis of hamstring injuries mechanism and situational pattern in men's and women's football (soccer)
Authors: Della Villa Francesco , Buckthorpe Matthew , Pellegrini Alessandro , Ranzini Alice , Esposito Fabio , Crescenzo Christian , Nanni Gianni , Zago Matteo
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To describe the injury mechanism and situational patterns of severe (absence >28 days) hamstring muscle injuries in professional male and female football (soccer) players.

Methods

The data for males were sourced from Serie A clubs participating in both national and international competitions from 2018 to 2021. For the female cohort, hamstring injuries were identified during matches of the top national/international competitions from 2017 to 2023. Video footage was obtained, and three raters categorised injury mechanisms and situational patterns. Injuries were also examined according to the month, minute and location.

Results

A total of 129 severe hamstring injuries were identified, with 64 occurring in females and 65 in males. Video analysis was possible for 29 (45%) female cases and 61 (94%) male cases. Female injuries had longer lay‐off times (97.8 ± 77.1 days) than males (39.6 ± 20.9 days). Females had a higher proportion of indirect contact injuries (34%) than males (13%) and a lower proportion of non‐contact injuries (66% vs. 87%). Four situational patterns were identified: running was the most common for both sexes, representing 59% of female injuries and 41% of male injuries. Over‐stretching injuries were split across open and CKC scenarios but collectively explained nearly half (48%) of male injuries but only one in five (21%) female injuries. Kicking injuries had a higher proportion in females (17%) than males (10%). Injuries were more common in the second half for females and the first half for males.

Conclusion

Females had a higher proportion of indirect contact, running and kicking injuries and a lower proportion of non‐contact and stretch‐type injuries than males. Understanding injury patterns can inform tailored prevention programs, considering sex‐specific differences.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Frequency‐Division Multiplexing Continuous Variable Quantum Dense Coding with Broadband Entanglement
Authors: Liang Shaocong , Cheng Jialin , Qin Jiliang , Li Jiatong , Shi Yi , Zeng Baiyun , Yan Zhihui , Jia Xiaojun , Xie Changde , Peng Kunchi
Published: June 2024

Quantum dense coding (QDC) provides great potential for high‐capacity quantum communication. However, it is highly demanded for practical applications to realize high‐capacity QDC with multiple coded information. Here, a high‐capacity QDC with multiple streams is reported in different channels simultaneously through frequency‐division multiplexing (FDM). The broadband entangled state is generated from a pair of degenerate optic al parametric amplifiers with short cavity lengths. Based on the resultant broadband entanglement, multiple pieces of information coded using binary phase shift keying (BPSK) are transferred with the FDM method. As an experimental demonstration, four pieces of information composed of pseudo‐random numbers are transmitted at a rate of 4 Mbit s–1 using BPSK encoding. The decoded bit error rate reaches , which is an average 35‐fold improvement compared with the classical scheme. Furthermore, it is possible to make full use of sideband resource for four different information by using orthogonal FDM. This scheme can be extended to more different information by directly increasing the FDM sideband subchannels, and opens an avenue to construct high‐capacity quantum communication, while minimizing the cost of quantum resource.
Symmetry Molecular Design Strategy for Highly Efficient Blue Electroluminescence with Hot Exciton Mechanisms
Authors: Fang Kaibo , Zhang Jiasen , Li Wei , Mu Xilin , Liu Chunyu , Wu Yujie , Feng Tingting , Qiao Xianfeng , Wang Tao , Ge Ziyi
Published: June 2024

Emitters with a hot exciton mechanism are regarded as one of the most promising candidates for organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). In this study, a deep‐blue emitter with the hot exciton mechanism is reported, namely 2An‐PCz, by integrating a pair of carbazole groups with a 9,9′‐bi‐anthracene nucleus. Owing to the symmetric molecular architecture and intrinsic local excited state character, multiple high‐lying reverse intersystem cross (hRISC) channels and large overlaps of frontier molecular orbits (FMOs) can be formed, facilitating rapid hRISC processes as well as enhancement of radiative transition rates simultaneously. Combined with the strong luminescence properties brought by the unique X‐packing mode, a high photoluminescence quantum yield of 60.5% is achieved in the non‐doped state. Strikingly, non‐doped deep‐blue OLEDs exhibited a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 10.50% with minimal efficient roll‐off, which is one of the highest values for deep‐blue organic light‐emitting devices based on hot exciton emitters thus far. The magneto‐electroluminescence (MEL) experiment and transient electroluminescence measurements corroborated that both the high EQE and suppressed efficiency roll‐off are attributable to the rapid “hot exciton” channels.
Lossless Phase‐Change Material Enabled Wideband High‐Efficiency Spatial Light Phase Modulation at Near‐Infrared
Authors: Li Yu‐Ru , Li Yan , Zeng Siqing , Zhao Annan , Yao Shunyu , Zhang Mingjie , Li Zhaohui
Published: June 2024

High‐efficiency spatial light phase modulation with wide operating bandwidth is highly significant yet challenging. Dynamic metasurfaces leveraging active materials with tunable optical response provide a promising solution. Current work is generally confronted with restricted operation bandwidth and diminished modulation efficiency, constrained by the limited tunable range and inherent absorption of active materials particular at optical frequency. Recently, the emergence of lossless phase‐change material Sb2Se3 has garnered widespread attention. Its unique characteristics, including near‐zero absorption at near‐infrared and a substantial refractive index contrast ≈0.93 during phase transition, enable the possibility of high‐performance spatial light modulation. Pioneering studies have validated the capability of lossless phase‐change metasurfaces for wavefront control, but are typically restricted to limited efficiency. Here, a hybrid phase‐change metasurface utilizing over‐coupled resonances supported by Sb2Se3 nanoholes is proposed. For the first time in optical frequency, high‐efficiency 4‐level phase modulation covering over π range is experimentally demonstrated with a sizable operating bandwidth of 42 nm and a minimum reflectance of exceeding 0.5. Leveraging optically driven localized phase‐transition technique, dynamic beam deflection is further demonstrated. The work validates the tremendous potential of phase‐change metasurfaces in achieving advanced spatial light control, signifying significant progress for the development and application of phase‐change photonic devices.
Sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) susceptibilities of duplex stainless steels 2205 produced by powder metallurgy (HIP) and hot rolling
Authors: Barros T. S. , Tavares S. S. M. , Pimenta A. R. , Batista R. T. , Velasco J. A. C.
Published: June 2024

Owing to their excellent properties, duplex stainless steels (DSSs) may be selected for the H2S environment. Operational limits are not defined and depend on fabrication processes. In this work, the susceptibilities of two DSSs 2205 to sulfide stress corrosion (SSC) in saline solutions with three pH levels were investigated. The difference between materials is the fabrication route: hot rolled (HR) tubes and powder metallurgy with compacting and sintering final operations by hot isostatic pressing (PM‐HIP). The susceptibility parameters were evaluated by slow strain rate tensile tests (SSRT). Both materials suffered embrittlement in solutions with pH 3.5 and 4.5, but the susceptibility was slightly better in the HR. In the solution with pH 5.5, the HR fractured with ductile behavior, while the PM‐HIP was brittle. The better resistance of HR to SSC can be explained by microstructural features, such as the lower grain size and austenite island interspace.
Structural Functions of 3D‐Printed Polymer Scaffolds in Regulating Cell Fates and Behaviors for Repairing Bone and Nerve Injuries
Authors: Zhang Tongling , Shan Wenpeng , Le Dot Marie , Xiao Pu
Published: June 2024

Tissue repair and regeneration, such as bone and nerve restoration, face significant challenges due to strict regulations within the immune microenvironment, stem cell differentiation, and key cell behaviors. The development of 3D scaffolds is identified as a promising approach to address these issues via the efficiently structural regulations on cell fates and behaviors. In particular, 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds with diverse micro‐/nanostructures offer a great potential for mimicking the structures of tissue. Consequently, they are foreseen as promissing pathways for regulating cell fates, including cell phenotype, differentiation of stem cells, as well as the migration and the proliferation of key cells, thereby facilitating tissue repairs and regenerations. Herein, the roles of structural functions of 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds in regulating the fates and behaviors of numerous cells related to tissue repair and regeneration, along with their specific influences are highlighted. Additionally, the challenges and outlooks associated with 3D‐printed polymer scaffolds with various structures for modulating cell fates are also discussed.
Synergistic Effects of the Superhydrophilic and Superhydrophobic Components on the Antifreezing Performances of Latex Particles and Anti‐Icing Properties of Latex Films
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhao Hanying
Published: June 2024

The development of new materials for antifreezing and anti‐icing applications is a big challenge in industry and academic area. Inspired by the antifreeze proteins, latex particles with superhydrophilic zwitterionic shells and superhydrophobic cores are synthesized by reversible addition‐fragmentation chain transfer emulsion polymerization, and the applications of the latex particles in antifreezing and anti‐icing applications are investigated. In antifreezing study, the critical aggregate temperature (CAT) of the latex particles decreases, and the separation of the melting and freezing temperature of ice increases with the particle concentration. Enzyme molecules can be cryopreserved in the particle solution, and their bioactivities are well maintained. Latex particles are casted into latex films with dynamic surfaces. Anti‐icing performances, including antifrosting properties, freezing delay time, and ice adhesion strengths, are studied; and the water‐treated latex films present stronger anti‐icing properties than other films, due to the synergistic effects of the superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic components. In addition, latex particles with zwitterionic shells and poly(n‐butyl methacrylate) cores, and latex particles with small molecular surfactant on the surfaces are synthesized. The antifreezing performances of the latex particles and anti‐icing properties of the latex films are compared.