bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders: a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Sun Xiaohui , Liu Bin , Liu Sitong , Wu David J. H. , Wang Jianming , Qian Yi , Ye Ding , Mao Yingying
Published: April 2022

Aims

Sleep disturbance is an important factor in the pathophysiology and progression of psychiatric disorders, but whether it is a cause, or a downstream effect is still not clear.

Methods

To investigate causal relationships between three sleep-associated traits and seven psychiatric diseases, we used genetic variants related to insomnia, chronotype and sleep duration to perform a two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomisation analysis. Summary-level data on psychiatric disorders were extracted from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Effect estimates were obtained by using the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW), weights modified IVW, weighted-median methods, MR-Egger regression, MR pleiotropy residual sum and outlier (MR-PRESSO) test and Robust Adjusted Profile Score (RAPS).

Results

The causal odds ratio (OR) estimate of genetically determined insomnia was 1.33 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.22–1.45; p = 5.03 × 10−11) for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), 1.31 (95% CI 1.25–1.37; p = 6.88 × 10−31) for major depressive disorder (MDD) and 1.32 (95% CI 1.23–1.40; p = 1.42 × 10−16) for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). There were suggestive inverse associations of morningness chronotype with risk of MDD and schizophrenia (SCZ). Genetically predicted sleep duration was also nominally associated with the risk of bipolar disorder (BD). Conversely, PTSD and MDD were associated with an increased risk of insomnia (OR = 1.06, 95% CI 1.03–1.10, p = 7.85 × 10−4 for PTSD; OR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.14–1.64; p = 0.001 for MDD). A suggestive inverse association of ADHD and MDD with sleep duration was also observed.

Conclusions

Our findings provide evidence of potential causal relationships between sleep disturbance and psychiatric disorders. This suggests that abnormal sleep patterns may serve as markers for psychiatric disorders and offer opportunities for prevention and management in psychiatric disorders.
Who Believes in the Species? Three-Factor Structure and Heritability of Generativity
Authors: Wang Wenlu , Zakharin Michael , Bates Timothy C.
Published: April 2022

Erikson asked what makes some people care for the future of the species and others not, calling this ‘generativity vs. stagnation’. In three studies, we addressed structure of this trait and its heritability. Study 1 (N = 1570), using structural models of the Loyola Generativity Scale , revealed three correlated factors consisting of (1) Establishing and aiding the next generation; (2) Maintaining the world; and (3) Symbolic immortality through a positive legacy. Study 2 (N = 311) successfully replicated this structure in an independent UK sample. Study 3 tested genetic and environmental influences on generativity. All three factors showed significant and substantial heritable influence. A general factor was required, which was also heritable. In resolving previous uncertainty over the transmission of generativity across generations, shared environmental transmission models fit poorly. Substantial unique environmental effects suggest strong cultural impacts on concern for the species. Generativity researchers may usefully adopt this three-factor scoring system, allowing research on the predictive power of each component of generativity as well as molecular genetic or biological studies.
Twenty Years Monitoring of Soil CO2 Flux and Seismicity at Cava dei Selci Gas Discharge (Colli Albani Volcano, Italy)
Authors: Tarchini Luca , Carapezza Maria Luisa , Granieri Domenico , Frepoli Alberto , Pagliuca Nicola Mauro , Ranaldi Massimo
Published: April 2022

Cava dei Selci (CdS) is the main degassing site of the Colli Albani quiescent volcano and since 20 years it is the site of geochemical volcano monitoring. Emitted gas consists mostly of CO2 (≥98 vol.%) with minor H2S, and helium isotopes suggest it has a significant magmatic component. The diffuse soil CO2 flux was monitored in the period 2000–2020, with 55 surveys on a target area. The total CO2 output fluctuates from 5.6 to 24.8 t d−1. The soil CO2 flux per unit surface (average 2.323 kg m−2 d−1) is the highest of 15 Italian actively degassing volcanic and geothermal areas. Soil CO2 flux and environmental parameter data collected over 4‐year of continuous monitoring (2004–2008) were analyzed by stochastic Gradient Boosting Trees regression (sGBT), Multiple Linear Regression, and Principal Component Regression. Only sGBT predicts the entire data set and effectively identifies the relationship between soil CO2 flux and environmental parameters. Residuals indicate two anomalous degassing periods (March‐2005, summer‐2007). Colli Albani area is affected by moderate seismicity (Md ≤ 4). 575 earthquakes occurring from 2009 to 2021 were analyzed determining their location, hypocenter depth, and focal mechanism (of 43 selected events). Evaluation of seismic events occurred across geochemical surveys within 30 km from CdS shows that there is a relationship between CO2 flux, earthquake focal mechanism and depth: shallow strike‐slip hypocenters are associated to low fluxes, deep normal‐faulting hypocenters to high CO2 output.
Emission of CO2 and CH4 From 13 Deadwood Tree Species Is Linked to Tree Species Identity and Management Intensity in Forest and Grassland Habitats
Authors: Kipping Lydia , Gossner Martin M. , Koschorreck Matthias , Muszynski Sarah , Maurer Florian , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Jehmlich Nico , Noll Matthias
Published: April 2022

Deadwood is an important component of the global carbon cycle, and its decomposition releases carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) into the atmosphere. However, the main drivers of these greenhouse gas emissions from deadwood are not well understood. We investigated drivers that govern the CO2 and CH4 emission rates of 793 deadwood specimens from 13 different tree species, which were exposed on 27 forest and 38 grassland plots at Schorfheide‐Chorin (Germany) for one year. Tree species identity was an important driver for emissions of both gases, whereas habitat type and management intensity were only important for CO2 emission rate. CO2 emission rates were positively linked to mass loss and were one‐third higher in forest compared to grassland habitats. The wood traits organic extractives, lignin, and sulfur content were negatively associated with CO2 emission rates, whereas carbon, nitrogen, and magnesium content showed the opposite effect. Among climate variables, air humidity in forest and soil moisture in grassland habitats positively affected CO2 emission rates. CH4 emission rates showed a negative relationship with increasing wood density exposed in both habitat types but were positively related to tree species with higher sulfur contents. Taken together, CO2 emission rates from deadwood were well predicted by wood traits, management intensity and climatic variables, whereas CH4 emission rates were less well predictable and were influenced only by wood traits that differed from those of CO2 emissions. Our results provide a deeper insight into the mineralization processes of deadwood and should be considered in further carbon cycle assessments.
Linking Plankton Size Spectra and Community Composition to Carbon Export and Its Efficiency
Authors: Serra‐Pompei Camila , Ward Ben A. , Pinti Jérôme , Visser André W. , Kiørboe Thomas , Andersen Ken H.
Published: April 2022

The magnitude and efficiency of particulate carbon export from the ocean surface depends not only on net primary production (NPP) but also on how carbon is consumed, respired, and repackaged by organisms. We contend that several of these processes can be captured by the size spectrum of the plankton community. However, most global models have relatively simple food‐web structures that are unable to generate plankton size spectra. Moreover, the life‐cycles of multicellular zooplankton are typically not resolved, restricting the ability of models to represent time‐lags that are known to impact carbon export and its efficiency (pe‐ratio). Here, we use a global mechanistic size‐spectrum model of the marine plankton community to investigate how particulate export and pe‐ratio relate to the community size spectrum, community composition, and time‐lags between predators and prey. The model generates emergent food‐webs with associated size distributions for organisms and detrital particles. To resolve time‐lags between phytoplankton and zooplankton, we implement the life‐cycle of multicellular zooplankton (here represented by copepods). We find that carbon export correlates best with copepod biomass and trophic level, whereas the pe‐ratio correlates best with the exponent of the size spectrum and sea surface temperature (SST). Community metrics performed better than NPP or SST for both deep export and pe‐ratio. Time‐lags between phytoplankton and copepods did not strongly affect export or pe‐ratio. We conclude by discussing how can we reconcile size spectrum theory with field sampling.
Elevated Formation of Particulate Nitrate From N2O5 Hydrolysis in the Yangtze River Delta Region From 2011 to 2019
Authors: Zhou Min , Nie Wei , Qiao Liping , Huang Dan Dan , Zhu Shuhui , Lou Shengrong , Wang Hongli , Wang Qian , Tao Shikang , Sun Peng , Liu Yawen , Xu Zheng , An Jingyu , Yan Rusha , Su Hang , Huang Cheng , Ding Aijun , Chen Changhong
Published: April 2022

Aerosol nitrate has become the most abundant compound during aerosol pollution in eastern China. The Chinese government implemented a stringent policy during 2013–2017 to tackle aerosol pollution. However, the response of nitrate to nitrogen oxides (NOx) reduction is unclear owing to the limitation of long‐term measurement. Here, we performed a 9‐year continuous measurement of aerosol compositions in Shanghai and confirmed a decrease in most species except nitrate. The contribution of nitrate to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increased significantly, reaching up to 35% in pollution episodes after 2017. This is in contrast to the evident reduction in NOx emissions. We found that the elevated dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5) hydrolysis is responsible for the observed nitrate trend. Increased ozone and decreased nitrogen dioxide (NO) facilitated the formation of N2O5, and increased nitrate proportion promoted the uptake of N2O5 and eventually enhanced the conversion efficiency of NO2 to nitrate. Our results highlight the importance of synergic control of aerosol and ozone pollution.
Strain Signals Governed by Frictional‐Elastoplastic Interaction of the Upper Plate and Shallow Subduction Megathrust Interface Over Seismic Cycles
Authors: Kosari Ehsan , Rosenau Matthias , Oncken Onno
Published: April 2022

The behavior of the shallow portion of the subduction zone, which generates the largest earthquakes and devastating tsunamis, is still insufficiently constrained. Monitoring only a fraction of a single megathrust earthquake cycle and the offshore location of the source of these earthquakes are the foremost reasons for the insufficient understanding. The frictional‐elastoplastic interaction between the megathrust interface and its overlying wedge causes variable surface strain signals such that the wedge strain patterns may reveal the mechanical state of the interface. To contribute to this understanding, we employ Seismotectonic Scale Modeling and simplify elastoplastic megathrust subduction to generate hundreds of analog seismic cycles at a laboratory scale and monitor the surface strain signals over the model's forearc across high to low temporal resolutions. We establish two compressional and critical wedge configurations to explore the mechanical and kinematic interaction between the shallow wedge and the interface. Our results demonstrate that this interaction can partition the wedge into different segments such that the anelastic extensional segment overlays the seismogenic zone at depth. Moreover, the different segments of the wedge may switch their state from compression/extension to extension/compression domains. We highlight that a more segmented upper plate represents megathrust subduction that generates more characteristic and periodic events. Additionally, the strain time series reveals that the strain state may remain quasi‐stable over a few seismic cycles in the coastal zone and then switch to the opposite mode. These observations are crucial for evaluating earthquake‐related morphotectonic markers and short‐term interseismic time series of the coastal regions.
Sex-specific mediating effect of gestational weight gain between pre-pregnancy body mass index and gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Wang Jingyu , Xu Fang , Yang Juhong , Qin Yongzhang , Leng Junhong , Li Nan , Guo Jia , Li Xiaochen , Gao Zhong’ai , Shen Xiaofang , Gao Hui , Chang Baocheng , Zhu Hong
Published: April 2022

Background

Inappropriate weight gain may increase the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). However, the relationship between pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain, and GDM has not been precisely quantified. This study aimed to explore whether gestational weight gain played a mediating role between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM and whether the mediating effect was sex specific.

Methods

This study established a population-based observational cohort to assess weight gain in pregnant women. Mediation analyses were performed to quantify whether weight gain mediated the association between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM.

Results

A total of 67,777 pregnant women were included in the final analysis, among whom 6751 (10.0%) were diagnosed with GDM. We verified that both pre-pregnancy BMI and weight gain were associated with GDM, and that BMI negatively contributed to weight gain. We also found that weight gain had a significant mediating effect on the relationship between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM (Za × Zb confidence intervals [CIs] 0.00234–0.00618). Furthermore, the effect was sex-specific, in that it was only significant in overweight women carrying female fetuses (Za × Zb CIs 0.00422–0.01977), but not male fetuses (Za × Zb CIs −0.00085 to 0.01236).

Conclusions

Weight gain during pregnancy had a fetal sex-specific mediating effect between pre-pregnancy BMI and GDM.
SHANK1 facilitates non-small cell lung cancer processes through modulating the ubiquitination of Klotho by interacting with MDM2
Authors: Chen Bo , Zhao Hongye , Li Min , She Quan , Liu Wen , Zhang Jiayi , Zhao Weihong , Huang Shuhong , Wu Jianqing
Published: April 2022

SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 1 (SHANK1) is a scaffold protein, plays an important role in the normal function of neuron system. It has recently been shown to be a potential oncogene. In the present study, we report that the expression of SHANK1 is upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and is correlated with clinic pathological characteristics of NSCLC. Moreover, SHANK1 overexpression enhances the proliferation, migration and invasion of NSCLC cells. Mouse cell-derived xenograft model also confirmed the effects of SHANK1 on tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, we found that SHANK1 increases the protein degradation of Klotho (KL), an important tumor suppressor, through ubiquitination-dependent pathway. In particular, we report discovery of KL as a SHANK1-interacting protein that acts as a new substate of the E3 ubiquitin ligase MDM2. SHANK1 can form a complex with KL and MDM2 and enhance the interaction between KL and MDM2. Our findings reveal an important oncogenic role and mechanism of SHANK1, suggesting SHANK1 can be a potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.
Machine learning-coupled combinatorial mutagenesis enables resource-efficient engineering of CRISPR-Cas9 genome editor activities
Authors: Thean Dawn G. L. , Chu Hoi Yee , Fong John H. C. , Chan Becky K. C. , Zhou Peng , Kwok Cynthia C. S. , Chan Yee Man , Mak Silvia Y. L. , Choi Gigi C. G. , Ho Joshua W. K. , Zheng Zongli , Wong Alan S. L.
Published: April 2022

The genome-editing Cas9 protein uses multiple amino-acid residues to bind the target DNA. Considering only the residues in proximity to the target DNA as potential sites to optimise Cas9’s activity, the number of combinatorial variants to screen through is too massive for a wet-lab experiment. Here we generate and cross-validate ten in silico and experimental datasets of multi-domain combinatorial mutagenesis libraries for Cas9 engineering, and demonstrate that a machine learning-coupled engineering approach reduces the experimental screening burden by as high as 95% while enriching top-performing variants by ∼7.5-fold in comparison to the null model. Using this approach and followed by structure-guided engineering, we identify the N888R/A889Q variant conferring increased editing activity on the protospacer adjacent motif-relaxed KKH variant of Cas9 nuclease from Staphylococcus aureus (KKH-SaCas9) and its derived base editor in human cells. Our work validates a readily applicable workflow to enable resource-efficient high-throughput engineering of genome editor’s activity.
Structure of ATP synthase under strain during catalysis
Authors: Guo Hui , Rubinstein John L.
Published: April 2022

ATP synthases are macromolecular machines consisting of an ATP-hydrolysis-driven F1 motor and a proton-translocation-driven FO motor. The F1 and FO motors oppose each other’s action on a shared rotor subcomplex and are held stationary relative to each other by a peripheral stalk. Structures of resting mitochondrial ATP synthases revealed a left-handed curvature of the peripheral stalk even though rotation of the rotor, driven by either ATP hydrolysis in F1 or proton translocation through FO, would apply a right-handed bending force to the stalk. We used cryoEM to image yeast mitochondrial ATP synthase under strain during ATP-hydrolysis-driven rotary catalysis, revealing a large deformation of the peripheral stalk. The structures show how the peripheral stalk opposes the bending force and suggests that during ATP synthesis proton translocation causes accumulation of strain in the stalk, which relaxes by driving the relative rotation of the rotor through six sub-steps within F1, leading to catalysis.
Weight-bearing activity impairs nuclear membrane and genome integrity via YAP activation in plantar melanoma
Authors: Seo Jimyung , Kim HyunSeok , Min Kyoung Il , Kim Changgon , Kwon Yongsoo , Zheng Zhenlong , Kim Yusung , Park Hyung-Soon , Ju Young Seok , Roh Mi Ryung , Chung Kee Yang , Kim Joon
Published: April 2022

Acral melanoma commonly occurs in areas that are not exposed to much sunlight, such as the sole of the foot. Little is known about risk factors and mutational processes of plantar acral melanoma. Nuclear envelope rupture during interphase contributes to genome instability in cancer. Here, we show that the nuclear and micronuclear membranes of melanoma cells are frequently ruptured by macroscopic mechanical stress on the plantar surface due to weight-bearing activities. The marginal region of plantar melanoma nodules exhibits increased nuclear morphological abnormalities and collagen accumulations, and is more susceptible to mechanical stress than the tumor center. An increase in DNA damage coincides with nuclear membrane rupture in the tumor margin. Nuclear envelope integrity is compromised by the mechanosensitive transcriptional cofactor YAP activated in the tumor margin. Our results suggest a mutagenesis mechanism in melanoma and explain why plantar acral melanoma is frequent at higher mechanical stress points.
Constraints on magic state protocols from the statistical mechanics of Wigner negativity
Authors: Koukoulekidis Nikolaos , Jennings David
Published: April 2022

Magic states are key ingredients in schemes to realize universal fault-tolerant quantum computation. Theories of magic states attempt to quantify this computational element via monotones and determine how these states may be efficiently transformed into useful forms. Here, we develop a statistical mechanical framework based on majorization to describe Wigner negative magic states for qudits of odd prime dimension processed under Clifford circuits. We show that majorization allows us to both quantify disorder in the Wigner representation and derive upper bounds for magic distillation. These bounds are shown to be tighter than other bounds, such as from mana and thauma, and can be used to incorporate hardware physics, such as temperature dependence and system Hamiltonians. We also show that a subset of single-shot Rényi entropies remain well-defined on quasi-distributions, are fully meaningful in terms of data processing and can acquire negative values that signal magic. We find that the mana of a magic state is the measure of divergence of these Rényi entropies as one approaches the Shannon entropy for Wigner distributions, and discuss how distillation lower bounds could be obtained in this setting. This use of majorization for quasi-distributions could find application in other studies of non-classicality, and raises nontrivial questions in the context of classical statistical mechanics.
Artificial intelligence deep learning for 3D IC reliability prediction
Authors: Hsu Po-Ning , Shie Kai-Cheng , Chen Kuan-Peng , Tu Jing-Chen , Wu Cheng-Che , Tsou Nien-Ti , Lo Yu-Chieh , Chen Nan-Yow , Hsieh Yong-Fen , Wu Mia , Chen Chih , Tu King-Ning
Published: April 2022

Three-dimensional integrated circuit (3D IC) technologies have been receiving much attention recently due to the near-ending of Moore’s law of minimization in 2D IC. However, the reliability of 3D IC, which is greatly influenced by voids and failure in interconnects during the fabrication processes, typically requires slow testing and relies on human’s judgement. Thus, the growing demand for 3D IC has generated considerable attention on the importance of reliability analysis and failure prediction. This research conducts 3D X-ray tomographic images combining with AI deep learning based on a convolutional neural network (CNN) for non-destructive analysis of solder interconnects. By training the AI machine using a reliable database of collected images, the AI can quickly detect and predict the interconnect operational faults of solder joints with an accuracy of up to 89.9% based on non-destructive 3D X-ray tomographic images. The important features which determine the “Good” or “Failure” condition for a reflowed microbump, such as area loss percentage at the middle cross-section, are also revealed.
Proton pump inhibitors affect capecitabine efficacy in patients with stage II–III colorectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Kitazume Yoshiko , Kawazoe Hitoshi , Uozumi Ryuji , Yoshizawa Tomoe , Iihara Hirotoshi , Fujii Hironori , Takahashi Masaya , Arai Takahiro , Murachi Yasushi , Sato Yumiko , Mikami Takahiro , Hashiguchi Koji , Yamazaki Tomoko , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Fujita Yukiyoshi , Hosokawa Yuki , Morozumi Issei , Tsuchiya Masami , Yokoyama Atsushi , Hashimoto Hironobu , Yamaguchi Masakazu
Published: April 2022

The association between capecitabine efficacy and proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) is controversial. Here, we determined whether co-administration of PPIs affects the real-world effectiveness of capecitabine. This retrospective observational study included consecutive patients with stage II–III colorectal cancer (CRC) who received adjuvant capecitabine monotherapy or CapeOX (capecitabine and oxaliplatin) between January 2009 and December 2014 at nine participating institutions. The primary endpoint was the difference in relapse-free survival (RFS) between patients who received PPIs and those who did not and was estimated using the Kaplan–Meier method. Overall survival (OS) was the secondary endpoint. Multivariable analysis of RFS and OS was performed using a Cox proportional hazards model, propensity score adjustment, and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) analyses. Data from 606 patients were evaluated, 54 of whom had received a PPI. PPI-treated patients tended to have poorer RFS and OS than patients treated without PPIs. The hazard ratio for RFS with capecitabine monotherapy was 2.48 (95% confidence interval: 1.22–5.07). These results were consistent with sensitivity analyses performed using propensity score adjustment and IPTW methods. Co-administration of PPIs may reduce the effectiveness of capecitabine and negatively impact patients with stage II–III CRC.
Characterization of the high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram and equation of state of chromium
Authors: Anzellini Simone , Errandonea Daniel , Burakovsky Leonid , Proctor John E. , Turnbull Robin , Beavers Christine M.
Published: April 2022

The high-pressure and high-temperature phase diagram of chromium has been investigated both experimentally (in situ), using a laser-heated diamond-anvil cell technique coupled with synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction, and theoretically, using ab initio density-functional theory simulations. In the pressure–temperature range covered experimentally (up to 90 GPa and 4500 K, respectively) only the solid body-centred-cubic and liquid phases of chromium have been observed. Experiments and computer calculations give melting curves in agreement with each other that can both be described by the Simon–Glatzel equation $$T_{m}(P) = 2136K (1 + P/25.9)^{0.41}$$

T
m

(
P
)

=
2136
K

(
1
+
P
/
25.9
)

0.41

. In addition, a quasi-hydrostatic equation of state at ambient temperature has been experimentally characterized up to 131 GPa and compared with the present simulations. Both methods give very similar third-order Birch–Murnaghan equations of state with bulk moduli of 182–185 GPa and respective pressure derivatives of 4.74–5.15. According to the present calculations, the obtained melting curve and equation of state are valid up to at least 815 GPa, at which pressure the melting temperature is 9310 K. Finally, from the obtained results, it was possible to determine a thermal equation of state of chromium valid up to 65 GPa and 2100 K.
Ovaries and testes of Lithobius forficatus (Myriapoda, Chilopoda) react differently to the presence of cadmium in the environment
Authors: Poprawa Izabela , Chajec Łukasz , Chachulska-Żymełka Alina , Wilczek Grażyna , Student Sebastian , Leśniewska Małgorzata , Rost-Roszkowska Magdalena
Published: April 2022

Proper reproduction depends on properly functioning gonads (ovaries and testes). Many xenobiotics, including heavy metals, can cause changes in somatic and germ line cells, thus damaging the reproductive capacity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the heavy metal cadmium on the gonads, including germ line and somatic cells. It is important to determine whether cell death processes are triggered in both types of cells in the gonads, and which gonads are more sensitive to the presence of cadmium in the environment. The research was conducted on the soil-dwelling arthropodLithobius forficatus(Myriapoda, Chilopoda), which is common for European fauna. Animals were cultured in soil supplemented with Cd for different periods (short- and long-term treatment). Gonads were isolated and prepared for qualitative and quantitative analysis, which enabled us to describe all changes which appeared after both the short- and long-term cadmium treatment. The results of our study showed that cadmium affects the structure and ultrastructure of both gonads in soil-dwelling organisms including the activation of cell death processes. However, the male germ line cells are more sensitive to cadmium than female germ line cells. We also observed that germ line cells are protected by the somatic cells of both gonads.
Transcriptomic analysis of OsRUS1 overexpression rice lines with rapid and dynamic leaf rolling morphology
Authors: Yu Ning , Liang Yaping , Wang Qingping , Peng Xinxiang , He Zhenghui , Hou Xuewen
Published: April 2022

Moderate leaf rolling helps to form the ideotype of rice. In this study, six independent OsRUS1-GFP overexpression (OsRUS1-OX) transgenic rice lines with rapid and dynamic leaf rolling phenotype in response to sunlight were constructed. However, the mechanism is unknown. Here, RNA-Seq approach was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes between flag leaves of OsRUS1-OX and wildtype under sunlight. 2920 genes were differentially expressed between OsRUS1-OX and WT, of which 1660 upregulated and 1260 downregulated. Six of the 16 genes in GO: 0009415 (response to water stimulus) were significantly upregulated in OsRUS1-OX. The differentially expressed genes between WT and OsRUS1-OX were assigned to 110 KEGG pathways. 42 of the 222 genes in KEGG pathway dosa04075 (Plant hormone signal transduction) were differentially expressed between WT and OsRUS1-OX. The identified genes in GO:0009415 and KEGG pathway dosa04075 were good candidates to explain the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX. The expression patterns of the 15 genes identified by RNA-Seq were verified by qRT-PCR. Based on transcriptomic and qRT-PCR analysis, a mechanism for the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX was proposed. The differential expression profiles between WT and OsRUS1-OX established by this study provide important insights into the molecular mechanism behind the leaf rolling phenotype of OsRUS1-OX.
Closed-loop controller based on reference signal tracking for absence seizures
Authors: Zhang Hudong , Chen Yuting , Xie Yan , Chai Yuan
Published: April 2022

Absent epilepsy is a kind of refractory epilepsy, which is characterized by 2–4 Hz spike and wave discharges (SWDs) in electroencephalogram. Open-loop deep brain stimulation (DBS) targeting the thalamic reticular nucleus (TRN) is an effective method to treat absent epilepsy by eliminating SWDs in the brain. Compared with open-loop DBS, closed-loop DBS has been recognized by researchers for its advantages of significantly inhibiting seizures and having fewer side effects. Since traditional trial-and-error methods for adjusting closed-loop controller parameters are too dependent on the experience of doctors, in this paper we designed two proportional integral (PI) controllers based on the basal ganglia-cortical-thalamic model, whose PI parameters are calculated from the stability of the system. The two PI controllers can automatically adjust the frequency and amplitude of DBS respectively according to the change of the firing rate detected by substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr). The parameters of the PI controller are calculated based on the Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion of a linear system which transformed by the original system using controlled auto-regressive (CAR) model and recursive least squares (RLS) method. Numerical simulation results show that both PI controllers significantly destroy the SWDs of the cerebral cortex and restore it to the other two normal discharge modes according to the different target firing rate, which supplies a promising brain stimulation strategy.
Plasma cell-free RNA profiling distinguishes cancers from pre-malignant conditions in solid and hematologic malignancies
Authors: Roskams-Hieter Breeshey , Kim Hyun Ji , Anur Pavana , Wagner Josiah T. , Callahan Rowan , Spiliotopoulos Elias , Kirschbaum Charles Ward , Civitci Fehmi , Spellman Paul T. , Thompson Reid F. , Farsad Khashayar , Naugler Willscott E. , Ngo Thuy T. M.
Published: April 2022

Cell-free RNA (cfRNA) in plasma reflects phenotypic alterations of both localized sites of cancer and the systemic host response. Here we report that cfRNA sequencing enables the discovery of messenger RNA (mRNA) biomarkers in plasma with the tissue of origin-specific to cancer types and precancerous conditions in both solid and hematologic malignancies. To explore the diagnostic potential of total cfRNA from blood, we sequenced plasma samples of eight hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ten multiple myeloma (MM) patients, 12 patients of their respective precancerous conditions, and 20 non-cancer (NC) donors. We identified distinct gene sets and built classification models using Random Forest and linear discriminant analysis algorithms that could distinguish cancer patients from premalignant conditions and NC individuals with high accuracy. Plasma cfRNA biomarkers of HCC are liver-specific genes and biomarkers of MM are highly expressed in the bone marrow compared to other tissues and are related to cell cycle processes. The cfRNA level of these biomarkers displayed a gradual transition from noncancerous states through precancerous conditions and cancer. Sequencing data were cross-validated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR and cfRNA biomarkers were validated in an independent sample set (20 HCC, 9 MM, and 10 NC) with AUC greater than 0.86. cfRNA results observed in precancerous conditions require further validation. This work demonstrates a proof of principle for using mRNA transcripts in plasma with a small panel of genes to distinguish between cancers, noncancerous states, and precancerous conditions.
PEGDA hydrogel structure from semi-dilute concentrations: insights from experiments and molecular simulations
Authors: Mercado-Montijo Jomary , Anstine Dylan M. , Rukmani Shalini J. , Colina Coray M. , Andrew Jennifer S.
Published: April 2022

A combined experimental and computational approach highlights the connection of polymer chain interactions with hydrogel structure and performance. This work provides a foundation for the design of hydrogels for applications beyond dilute conditions.
Dual transition metal atoms embedded in N-doped graphene for electrochemical nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions
Authors: Liu Yi , Song Bingyi , Huang Chun-Xiang , Yang Li-Ming
Published: April 2022

Three highly efficient electrocatalysts M2-TV (Cr, Mo, Ir) for NRR were discovered via high-throughput first-principles computational screening from plenty of dual transition metal atoms (3d–5d series) anchored three types of N-doped graphene.
Tannic acid-reinforced zwitterionic hydrogels with multi-functionalities for diabetic wound treatment
Authors: Fang Kun , Gu Qinwei , Zeng Mingzhu , Huang Zhimao , Qiu Haofeng , Miao Jiru , Fang Yue , Zhao Yinyu , Xiao Ying , Xu Ting , Golodok Robert Petrovich , Savich Vadim Victorovich , Ilyushchenko Alexander Phyodorovich , Ai Fanrong , Liu Donglei , Wang Rong
Published: April 2022

Tannic acid-reinforced zwitterionic hydrogel with high toughness, skin adhesiveness, pressure-relieving property, and antioxidant and antibacterial properties has been developed, and it holds potential for treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
Understanding the multiple interactions in vanadium-based SCR catalysts during simultaneous NOx and soot abatement
Authors: Zheng Lei , Casapu Maria , Grunwaldt Jan-Dierk
Published: April 2022

The multiple interactions during simultaneous removal of soot and NOx were systematically studied over a V-based catalyst, which is highly relevant for the development of more efficient 2-way SCRonDPF systems.
Comparability of semivolatile organic compound concentrations from co-located active and passive air monitoring networks in Europe
Authors: Kalina Jiří , White Kevin B. , Scheringer Martin , Přibylová Petra , Kukučka Petr , Audy Ondřej , Martiník Jakub , Klánová Jana
Published: April 2022

Passive and active air-sampling results from 10 years of monitoring for 28 semivolatile organic compounds at six sites across Europe are compared and recommendations for interpreting passive air-sampler results are offered.
Free-radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) supported by a high electric field
Authors: Tu Wenkang , Maksym Paulina , Kaminski Kamil , Chat Katarzyna , Adrjanowicz Karolina
Published: April 2022

Polymerization supported by a high dc voltage results in charged macromolecules with high conductivity, reduced molecular weight, and moderate dispersity.
Compositional engineering of doped zero-dimensional zinc halide blue emitters for efficient X-ray scintillation
Authors: Zhou Yingchun , Zhou Quan , Niu Xiaowei , Yan Zhengguang , Lin Taifeng , Xiao Jiawen , Han Xiaodong
Published: April 2022

A highly efficient zinc halide scintillator is developed through a compositional engineering strategy.
Electronic, mechanical, optical and piezoelectric properties of glass-like sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) under compressive pressure
Authors: Zosiamliana R. , Lalrinkima  , Chettri B. , Abdurakhmanov G. , Ghimire M. P. , Rai D. P.
Published: April 2022

Structural phase transitionoccurs from space group Cmc21 to C11 at 12 GPA under compressive unidirectional pressure in Na2SiO3.
Porous liquids – the future is looking emptier
Authors: Egleston Benjamin D. , Mroz Austin , Jelfs Kim E. , Greenaway Rebecca L.
Published: April 2022

The realisation of permanent microporosity in liquids transforms the way functional porosity may be implemented. Considering recent advances, we explore the developing theory of porous liquids and delve into the discovery process and applications.
Liquid crystal microcapillary-based sensors for affordable analytical applications
Authors: Kurt Elif , Bukusoglu Emre
Published: April 2022

A portable and affordable microcapillary-based sensing platform allowing the acquisition of transient information is proposed. It can be used for the online detection and characterization of chemical and biological species in aqueous environments.
Molecularly imprinted materials for glycan recognition and processing
Authors: Zhao Yan
Published: April 2022

Molecularly imprinted materials are uniquely suited for glycan recognition. Biologically competitive binding and selective hydrolysis of glycans are achieved through innovation in imprinting techniques and postmodification of the imprinted sites.
Lattice-site engineering in ZnGa2O4:Cr3+ through Li+ doping for dynamic luminescence and advanced optical anti-counterfeiting
Authors: Xiahou Junqing , Zhu Qi , Zhu Lin , Huang Sai , Zhang Tao , Sun Xudong , Li Ji-Guang
Published: April 2022

Doping Li+ resulted in oxygen vacancies and green-yellow emission. Changing the excitation wavelength/temperature yielded varied visible/NIR lights and afterglows, which contributed to a dynamic luminescence.
Ultra-sensitive, stretchable, and bidirectional wearable strain sensor for human motion detection
Authors: Yang Chunqing , Zhang Dongzhi , Wang Dongyue , Chen Xiaoya , Luan Huixin
Published: April 2022

This paper reviews the experimental setup and results of MXene/SnS2/SA-based flexible strain sensors.
Guanidium-assisted crystallization engineering for highly efficient CsPbI3solar cells
Authors: Wang Shuo , Xu Youkui , Wang Qian , Zhou Xufeng , Li ZhenHua , Wang Meng , Lei Yutian , Zhang Hong , Wang Haoxu , Jin Zhiwen
Published: April 2022

This work mainly focuses on utilizing GA+to reduce non-radiative recombination in CsPbI3by inhibiting the formation of iodine vacancies and passivating incompatible iodide, and the champion PCE was demonstrated to be 19.05% with aVOCof 1.14 V.
Are People With Poststroke Aphasia Receptive to Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation? A Survey
Authors: Duncan E. Susan , Donovan Neila J. , Gentimis Thanos
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

The objective of this study was to explore receptiveness of people with poststroke aphasia to receiving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), including preferences for the treatment setting and schedule of tDCS delivery.

Method:

An online survey was distributed via e-mail, flyers, social media, and online newsletters to reach people with aphasia. Fisher's exact test examined the relationship of self-reported tDCS receptiveness to demographic, clinical, and other factors.

Results:

Fifty-seven surveys were returned, and 50 complete surveys were analyzed. Twenty-eight percent of respondents had previously heard of tDCS. Sixty-six percent reported they would receive tDCS if it could help their aphasia, and only 6% reported that they definitely would not. There were statistically significant relationships between being receptive to tDCS and (a) not currently working, (b) being receptive to speech-language therapy, and (c) greater acceptance of potential temporary risks associated with tDCS. Most individuals (73%) who would consider tDCS were equivalently open to receiving it in the clinic or at home, yet the majority (64%) were open to more frequent sessions at home than in the clinic. Most respondents indicated that they would consider having tDCS “forever if it helped” (clinic: 51%; home: 68%).

Conclusions:

This is the first study to query individuals with aphasia about their receptiveness to tDCS outside the context of an intervention study. Responses suggest that a large majority of people with poststroke aphasia might be open to receiving tDCS if it can ameliorate their aphasia. Limitations include the small sample size, which does not adequately represent the broader population of people with aphasia, and that the survey did not provide the level of tDCS education crucial to inform shared decision making and person-centered care. However, future work may benefit from considering the practical implications of research designs (e.g., high intensity treatment outside the home) that may not, in application, be widely acceptable to primary stakeholders.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.19611777
An efficient built‐in error detection methodology with fast page‐oriented data comparison in 3D NAND flash memories
Authors: Cao HM. , Liu F. , Wang Q. , Du ZC. , Jin L. , Huo ZL.
Published: April 2022

This letter presents an efficient built‐in error detection methodology for 3D NAND flash memories, in which fast page‐oriented data comparison and column parallel error detection are firstly proposed. The methodology takes advantage of the characteristics of page buffer to perform fast page‐oriented comparison between test data and reference data. Thanks to that, both fine error detection mode and column parallel error detection mode can be supported for different test scenarios. Analytical results show that it costs about 164.14 μs and 460 ns in fine and column parallel mode respectively to detect a page which is 16 K bytes. Compared with previous work, the error detection time of the proposed column parallel mode is reduced 99.7% for 3D NAND flash memories.
An analytical approach for reducing k‐line failure analysis and load shed computation
Authors: Sarkar Ranadhir
Published: April 2022

In this paper, the problem of identification of critical k‐line contingencies that fail one after another in quick succession that render large load shed in the power system is addressed. The problem is formulated as a mixed‐integer non‐linear programming problem (MINLP) that determines total demand that cannot be satisfied under various k‐line removal scenarios. Due to the large search space of the problem, the solution through enumeration is intractable. Two algorithms are proposed using a proposed power flow sensitivity and a topological metric to identify a reduced number of k‐line contingencies that initiate cascading overload failure and islanding of power system respectively, that are used to solve the MINLP iteratively for identification of critical k‐line contingencies. The algorithms identify a reduced number of k‐line contingencies in linear time as compared to the exponential time complexity of brute‐force search for solutions of the MINLP. Case studies show that the proposed algorithms significantly reduce the search space and the computation time of the MINLP problem to find the most critical k‐line contingency in the IEEE 30 and 118 bus systems at that are also obtained in the list of k‐line contingencies identified using the proposed algorithms.
Le traumatisme de guerre au prisme des expertises : les dossiers de mineur.e.s des centres d’observation judiciaires (1943-1951)
Authors: Becher Franciele , Gardet Mathias
Published: April 2022

Les centres d’observation français, des institutions chargées d’assister les juges des enfants dans leurs décisions par une étude scientifique des personnalités et des actes déviants des jeunes traduits en justice, ont accueilli des nombreuses victimes du second conflit mondial dans les années 1940 et 1950. Dans ce « tout-observation » des rapports présents dans les dossiers de Savigny-sur-Orge et Chevilly-Larue, bien que la guerre soit omniprésente, elle est souvent ignorée ou laissée au second plan par les experts « psy », même dans les cas extrêmes où des situations traumatiques seraient facilement repérables. C’est à travers l’analyse de la trajectoire de quatre adolescents (Micheline, une jeune fille juive qui fait des cauchemars avec son père en train d’être fusillé; Alfred, un jeune d’origine hongroise marqué par le viol de sa grand-mère et de sa belle-mère par l’Armée Rouge; Libertad, double orpheline de la Guerre d’Espagne et de sa famille d’adoption en France; et Gustave, adolescent tzigane, le seul survivant d’une fratrie assassinée à Auschwitz), que les maillons d’une expertise plutôt moralisante qui se voulait scientifique se font dévoiler. Malgré les bilans alarmants de l’après-guerre sur la situation des enfants victimes du conflit, les sciences du psychisme paraissent nier l’existence d’une psychopathologie spécifique pour renforcer des visions stéréotypées liées aux origines ethniques, sociales et de genre des mineur.e.s, reprenant une caractériologie déjà usée de l’entre-deux-guerres.
Early Clinical Efficacy of Endo-TLIF in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation
Authors: Xiao Chunlin , Yin Wenchao , Zhao Kai , Luo Jiaquan , Huang Weimin , Liu Wuyang
Published: April 2022

Objective We aimed to compare the early clinical efficacy of endoscopy-assisted transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (Endo-TLIF) and traditional Open-TLIF in the treatment of
lumbar disc herniation and lumbar instability.

Methods Forty-six patients with lumbar disc herniation and lumbar instability admitted to the hospital were retrospectively studied from October 11, 2018 to October 11, 2020.
Patients (including 17 males and 29 females) were randomly divided into Endo-TLIF and Open-TLIF groups according to the different surgical treatment. Parameters such as intraoperative blood
loss, operation time, and intraoperative fluoroscopy time during the surgery as well as preoperative and postoperative lumbar lordosis angle and lumbar clearance height and related
complications were recorded in detail.

Results Endo-TLIF significantly reduced intraoperative blood loss and bleeding volume compared with traditional Open-TLIF. The incision length in the Endo-TLIF group was shorter than
in the Open-TLIF group and the intraoperative fluoroscopy time was also shorter than in the Open-TLIF group. The bed rest time and hospital discharge time were shortened in Endo-TLIF surgery
compared with traditional Open-TLIF surgery. The creatine kinase (CK) values of the Endo-TLIF group were lower than that of the Open-TLIF group on the 1st and 3rd day after operation.
Although computed tomography images of the lumbar lordosis angle did not show a significant difference between the Endo-TLIF group (43.97 ± 8.91°) and Open-TLIF group (49.08 ± 9.42°), the
visual analogue scale score and Oswestry dysfunction index of lower back pain in the Endo-TLIF group were significantly lower than in the Open-TLIF group at 1 month and half a year after
surgery. Complications in the Endo-TLIF group, such as lower limb neurological dysfunction and diseases of the respiratory or urinary system, effectively improved compared with the Open-TLIF
group.

Conclusion Endo-TLIF appears to be a safer and more effective option for the treatment of lumbar disc herniation and lumbar instability, with a shorter recovery time, less trauma,
less bleeding, no need for postoperative drainage, and less iatrogenic injury.