bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Canine intrahepatic portosystemic shunt insertion into the systemic circulation is commonly through primary hepatic veins as assessed with CT angiography
Authors: Plested Mark J. , Zwingenberger Allison L. , Brockman Daniel J. , Hecht Silke , Secrest Scott , Culp William T.N. , Drees Randi
Published: July 2020

Congenital intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (IHPSS) in dogs are traditionally classified as right, left, or central divisional. There are few descriptive studies regarding the variation of IHPSS within these categories. This multicenter, analytical, cross‐sectional study aimed to describe a large series of dogs with CT angiography (CTA) of IHPSS, hypothesizing that there would be variation to the existing classification. Ninety CTA studies were assessed for IHPSS type, insertion, and the relationship of the insertion to the primary hepatic veins. Ninety‐two percent of IHPSS inserted into a primary hepatic vein (HV) or phrenic vein, 8% inserted directly into the ventral aspect of the intrahepatic caudal vena cava. The most common IHPSS type was a single right divisional (44%), including those inserting via the right lateral HV or the caudate HV. Left divisional IHPSS (33%) inserted into the left HV or left phrenic vein. Central divisional IHPSS (13%) inserted into the quadrate HV, central HV, dorsal right medial HV, or directly into the ventral aspect of the intrahepatic caudal vena cava. Multiple sites of insertion were seen in 9% of dogs. Within left, central, and right divisional types, further subclassifications can therefore commonly be defined based on the hepatic veins with which the shunting vessel communicates. Relating IHPSS morphology to the receiving primary HV could make IHPSS categorization more consistent and may influence the type and method of IHPSS attenuation recommended.
Innovative Approaches to Metacognitive Knowledge Diagnostics: Validation of Metacognitive Knowledge Tool in a Specific Domain of Reading
Authors: Říčan Jaroslav , Chytrý Vlastimil , Zilcher Ladislav
Published: July 2020

The following article introduces results of empirical research which verifies the tool created for metacognitive knowledge diagnostics in a specific domain of reading (it is important to point out that this tool hasn’t been tested in Czech school environment yet). Researchers of educational psychology don’t have enough available alternatives to metacognitive knowledge diagnostics amongst young students because the tools which measure the frequency of use of metacognitive strategies frequently fail in school performance predictions. The tool used in this case study has been constructed based on the knowledge that metacognitive knowledge level is determined by ability (or its lack) to choose adequate strategy (chosen from the repertoire of available strategies, which are described due to the declarative knowledge of the individual) depending on the specifics of a certain learning task (condition knowledge). Based on this research we may conclude that the tool statistically significantly correlates with the level of reader's literacy (according to the score in PIRLS task), but also with the performance of the student (grades in the school subject Czech language).
Conditions of Succesful Learning in Adulthood
Authors: Špatenková Naděžda , Smékalová Lucie
Published: July 2020

This contribution deals with conditions of successful learning in adulthood. It describes basic parameters of successful learning, psychologically conditioned attributes of learning and relation between age and docility. The findings originate from the insight into psychological and personality changes in adulthood which are consequently applied in educational context. The aim of the contribution is to reflect such aspects of learning of adults which crucially determine successful learning and education in adulthood.
Sense of Coherence and Adherence to Healthy Lifestyle Amongst Adolescents
Authors: Pelcák Stanislav , Hoferková Stanislava , Bělík Václav
Published: July 2020

The article describes the risk behaviour syndrome in adolescence. WHO established adolescents as individual at-risk population group, we speak about so-called new morbidity of adolescents which is currently the main cause of mortality in this development period. Seriousness of risk behaviour manifestation is within the multi-causal aethiopathogenesis also influenced by salutoprotective factors of lifestyle. High level of sense of coherence prove individual's progress towards active health.
Multilevel Hierarchical Estimation for Thermal Management Systems of Electrified Vehicles With Experimental Validation
Authors: Tannous Pamela J. , Alleyne Andrew G.
Published: July 2020

This paper presents a multilevel model-based hierarchical estimation framework for complex thermal management systems of electrified vehicles. System dynamics are represented by physics-based lumped parameter models derived from a graph-based modeling approach. The complexity of the hierarchical models is reduced by applying an aggregation-based model-order reduction technique that preserves the physical correspondence between a reduced-order model and the physical system. This paper also presents a case study in which a hierarchical observer is designed to estimate the dynamics of a candidate system. The hierarchical observer is connected to a previously developed hierarchical controller for closed-loop control, and the closed-loop performance is demonstrated through simulation and real-time experimental results. A comparison between the proposed hierarchical observer and a centralized observer shows the tradeoff between the estimation accuracy and the computational complexity of the two approaches.
Magnetic–Internal–Kinetic Energy Interactions in High-Speed Turbulent Magnetohydrodynamic Jets
Authors: Praturi Divya Sri , Girimaji Sharath S.
Published: July 2020

The goal of this study is to investigate the interactions between turbulent kinetic, internal, and magnetic energies in planar magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) jets at different regimes of Mach and Alfvén Mach numbers. Toward this end, temporal simulations of planar MHD jets are performed, using two types of initial fluctuating velocity field: (i) single velocity perturbation mode with a streamwise wavevector and (ii) random, isotropic perturbations over a band of wavevectors. At low Mach numbers, magnetic tension work results in a reversible exchange of energy between fluctuating velocity and magnetic fields. At high Alfvén Mach numbers, this exchange results in the equipartition of turbulent kinetic and magnetic energies. At higher Mach numbers, dilatational kinetic energy is (reversibly) exchanged with internal and magnetic energies, by means of pressure-dilatation and magnetic-pressure-dilatation, respectively. Therefore, at high Mach and Alfvén Mach numbers, dilatational kinetic energy is seen to be in equipartition with the sum of turbulent internal and magnetic energies. In each of the regimes, the consequent effect of the interactions on the background Kelvin–Helmholtz vortex evolution is also identified.
Direct Numerical Simulation of the Segre–Silberberg Effect Using Immersed Boundary Method
Authors: Esipov Denis V. , Chirkov Denis V. , Kuranakov Dmitriy S. , Lapin Vasiliy N.
Published: July 2020

One of the fundamental phenomena associated with the transport of rigid particles by the fluid flow in narrow ducts and tubes is the Segre–Silberberg effect. Experimental observations show that a spherical particle transported by the fluid flow in a long channel occupies a position of equilibrium between the wall and the centerline of the channel. In this study, this effect was numerically investigated using a novel semi-implicit immersed boundary method based on the discrete forcing approach. A uniform Cartesian mesh is used for the duct, whereas a moving Lagrangian mesh is used to track the position of the particle. Unlike previous studies, both cases of the duct geometry are considered: a round tube and a flat channel. Good agreement is shown to the available theoretical and numerical results of other studies. The problem is described by two dimensionless parameters, the channel Reynolds number, and the relative particle diameter. Parametric studies to these parameters were carried out, showing fundamental dependencies of equilibrium position on Reynolds number from 20 to 500 and on relative particle diameter from 0.2 to 0.7. It is demonstrated that the position of equilibrium becomes closer to the wall with the increase of Reynolds number, as well as with the decrease of particle diameter. In addition, the dependence of particle velocity on its diameter is investigated. The obtained results are of both theoretical and practical interest, with possible applications ranging from proppant transport to the design of microfluidic devices.
Mechanism of premature etch stop in high-density magnetic-tunnel-junction patterning using CO/NH3 plasma with Ta mask
Authors: Satake Makoto , Yamada Masaki , Yokogawa Kenetsu
Published: July 2020

We investigated the mechanism of premature etch stop in magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) patterning using CO/NH3 plasma with a Ta mask to clarify the cause of etch-stop problem in high-density patterning due to mask deposition to a bottom space of a pattern. CO/NH3 plasmas consist of carbon monoxide, nitrogen, and hydrogen plasmas. To clarify the role of gas species in inducing this premature etch stop, the etching-depth difference of an MTJ with a Ru/CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB stack film was compared with CO/N2/H2, N2/H2, and N2/He plasmas at an electrode temperature of 200 °C. Premature etch stop was observed in the CO/N2/H2 plasma but not in the N2/H2 plasma. It was also observed in N2/He plasma, the position of which was found to be almost at the same level as the MgO layer. This etch stop is caused by the high etching durability of deposited Ta on the bottom space of the pattern, and oxidation of Ta enhances etching durability. Thus, the main reason for this type of etch stop is the oxidation of deposited Ta on the bottom space, and this oxidation is enhanced by two types of supplied oxygen, i.e., that from plasma when CO gas is added and that from MgO when the MgO surface is exposed by increasing the etching depth of an MTJ. Electrode temperature dependence in N2/H2 plasma as a function of the H2-mixing ratio indicates that this premature etch stop is suppressed by increasing the hydrogen content or the electrode temperature. Therefore, reducing oxygen by using hydrogen-including plasma was found to be effective in preventing the premature etch stop caused by oxidation of Ta, which is deposited to the bottom space of the pattern from the mask.
Effects of Optimization Technique on Simulated Muscle Activations and Forces
Authors: Roelker Sarah A. , Caruthers Elena J. , Hall Rachel K. , Pelz Nicholas C. , Chaudhari Ajit M.W. , Siston Robert A.
Published: July 2020

Two optimization techniques, static optimization (SO) and computed muscle control (CMC), are often used in OpenSim to estimate the muscle activations and forces responsible for movement. Although differences between SO and CMC muscle function have been reported, the accuracy of each technique and the combined effect of optimization and model choice on simulated muscle function is unclear. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare the SO and CMC estimates of muscle activations and forces during gait with the experimental data in the Gait2392 and Full Body Running models. In OpenSim (version 3.1), muscle function during gait was estimated using SO and CMC in 6 subjects in each model and validated against experimental muscle activations and joint torques. Experimental and simulated activation agreement was sensitive to optimization technique for the soleus and tibialis anterior. Knee extension torque error was greater with CMC than SO. Muscle forces, activations, and co-contraction indices tended to be higher with CMC and more sensitive to model choice. CMC’s inclusion of passive muscle forces, muscle activation-contraction dynamics, and a proportional-derivative controller to track kinematics contributes to these differences. Model and optimization technique choices should be validated using experimental activations collected simultaneously with the data used to generate the simulation.
New connections: Flux and distance in Ca
2+
signaling
Authors: Wong Wei
Published: July 2020

Understanding ER-to-mitochondrial Ca
2+
flux may provide ways to correct mitochondrial dysfunction in various diseases.
MIST: a Multilocus Identification System for
Trichoderma
Authors: Dou Kai , Lu Zhixiang , Wu Qiong , Ni Mi , Yu Chuanjin , Wang Meng , Li Yaqian , Wang Xinhua , Xie Huilan , Chen Jie , Zhang Chulong
Published: July 2020

The genus
Trichoderma
is important to humankind, with a wide range of applications in industry, agriculture, and bioremediation. Thus, quick and accurate identification of
Trichoderma
species is paramount, since it is usually the first step in
Trichoderma
-based research. However, it frequently becomes a limitation, especially for researchers who lack taxonomic knowledge of fungi. Moreover, as the number of
Trichoderma
-based studies has increased, a growing number of unidentified sequences have been stored in public databases, which has made the species identification more ambiguous. In this study, we provide an easy-to-use tool, MIST, for automated species identification, a list of
Trichoderma
species, and corresponding sequences of reference DNA barcodes. Therefore, this study will facilitate the research on the biodiversity and applications of the genus
Trichoderma
.
Development of Reverse Genetics for the Prototype New World Mammarenavirus Tacaribe Virus
Authors: Ye Chengjin , de la Torre Juan Carlos , Martínez-Sobrido Luis
Published: July 2020

To date, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved vaccines are available to combat hemorrhagic fever caused by mammarenavirus infections in humans. Treatment of mammarenavirus infections is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin, which is partially effective and associated with significant side effects. Tacaribe virus (TCRV), the prototype member of the New World mammarenaviruses, is nonpathogenic in humans but able to provide protection against Junín virus (JUNV), the causative agent of Argentine hemorrhagic fever, demonstrating the feasibility of using TCRV as a live-attenuated vaccine vector for the treatment of JUNV and potentially other viral infections. Here, we describe for the first time the feasibility of generating recombinant TCRV (rTCRV) using reverse genetics approaches, which paves the way to study the biology of TCRV and also its potential use as a live-attenuated vaccine or a vaccine vector for the treatment of mammarenavirus and/or other viral infections in humans.
Phylogenetic Characterization Reveals Prevalent Shigella flexneri ST100 Clone in Beijing, China, 2005 to 2018
Authors: Yang Lang , Lü Bing , Wang Quanyi , Wang Kaiying , Lin Yanfeng , Yang Chaojie , Qiu Shaofu , Li Peng , Song Hongbin
Published: July 2020

Beijing is the largest transportation hub in China, with a highly mobile population.
Shigella flexneri
is a major cause of bacillary dysentery in Beijing. However, little is known about the genetic features and population structure of locally circulating
S. flexneri
clones. Whole-genome sequencing of 93
S. flexneri
isolates revealed that
S. flexneri
epidemics in Beijing were predominantly caused by an ST100 clone. Interregional spread, rapid local expansion, and acquirement of antimicrobial resistance determinants have cocontributed to the epidemics of this clone. Another ST18 clone was also identified and showed long-term colonization in Beijing. Our study provides comprehensive insights into the population structure and evolutionary history of
S. flexneri
in Beijing.
Bacterial Community Structure Dynamics in
Meloidogyne incognita
-Infected Roots and Its Role in Worm-Microbiome Interactions
Authors: Yergaliyev Timur M. , Alexander-Shani Rivka , Dimerets Hana , Pivonia Shimon , Bird David McK. , Rachmilevitch Shimon , Szitenberg Amir
Published: July 2020

The study of high-resolution successional processes within tightly linked microniches is rare. Using the power and relatively low cost of metabarcoding, we describe the bacterial succession and community structure in roots infected with root-knot nematodes and in the nematodes themselves. We reveal separate successional processes in galls and adjacent non-gall root sections, which are driven by the nematode’s life cycle and the progression of the crop season. With their relatively low genetic diversity, large geographic range, spatially complex life cycle, and the simplified agricultural ecosystems they occupy, root-knot nematodes can serve as a model organism for terrestrial holobiont ecology. This perspective can improve our understanding of the temporal and spatial aspects of biological control efficacy.
Weathering profiles, mass-balance analysis, and rates of solute loss: Linkages between weathering and erosion in a small, steep catchment
Authors: Anderson Suzanne Prestrud , Dietrich William E. , Brimhall George H
Published: July 2020

In a headwater catchment in the Oregon Coast Range, we find that solid-phase mass losses due to chemical weathering are equivalent in the bedrock and the soil. However, the long-term rate of mass loss per unit volume of parent rock is greater in the soil than in the rock. We attribute this finding to the effects of biotic processes in the soil and to hydrologic conditions that maximize contact time and water flux through the mineral matrix in the soil. This result stems both from earlier work in which we demonstrated that rock and soil contribute equally to the solute flux and from arguments presented here that the basin is in dynamic equilibrium with respect to erosion and uplift. The silica flux of 10.7 ± 7.1 t·km−2·yr−1 from the basin is several times larger than the flux from older soils elsewhere, but comparable to the flux from sites with similar physical erosion rates. This result argues that physical denudation or uplift rates play an important role in setting the chemical denudation rate. Physical processes appear to influence chemical-weathering rates in several ways. First, they limit chemical evolution by removing material, thus setting the residence time within the weathered rock and the soil. Second, bioturbation mixes rock fragments into the more reactive soil and maintains high soil porosity, allowing free circulation of water. Because the weathering in the soil is more intense than in the rock, we argue that the chemical denudation rate will diminish where uplift rates—and, hence, physical-denudation rates—are great enough to lead to a bedrock-dominated landscape. Chemical denudation rates will increase with physical-denudation rates, but only as long as the landscape remains mantled by soil.
Flank sliding: A valve and a sentinel for paroxysmal eruptions and magma ascent at Mount Etna, Italy
Authors: Pezzo Giuseppe , Palano Mimmo , Tolomei Cristiano , De Gori Pasquale , Calcaterra Stefano , Gambino Piera , Chiarabba Claudio
Published: July 2020

Rising magma, dike intrusions, and flank collapse are observed at many volcanoes worldwide, but how they interact is still poorly documented. Extensive synthetic aperture radar interferometry and continuous global positioning system observations captured a sharp dike intrusion at Mount Etna, Italy, during the 2018 paroxysm that triggered a vigorous seaward sliding of the eastern flank connected with brittle failure and deep magmatic resourcing. We propose a feedback process between flank acceleration and magma intrusion that derives from the interaction between the long- and short-term deformation of the volcano. The flank sliding acts as a valve that modulates the emplacement and eruption of magma within the shallow system. Rapid flank acceleration could potentially evolve into sudden collapses and seismic release at shallow depth. In turn, flank slip events could act as a sentinel for changes in magma depth and paroxysmal eruptions at Mount Etna.
Supplemental Material: Early onset and late acceleration of rapid exhumation in the Namche Barwa syntaxis, eastern Himalaya
Authors: Govin Gwladys , van der Beek Peter , al. et
Published: July 2020

Methods descriptions, analytical data, and inversion results.
National action to combat AMR: a One-Health approach to assess policy priorities in action plans
Authors: Ogyu Anju , Chan Olivia , Littmann Jasper , Pang Herbert H , Lining Xia , Liu Ping , Matsunaga Nobuaki , Ohmagari Norio , Fukuda Keiji , Wernli Didier
Published: July 2020

Little is known about the overall trend and prioritisations of past and current antimicrobial resistance (AMR) policies. Here we introduce a quantitative method to analyse AMR policies. The AMR-Policy Analysis Coding Toolkit (AMR-PACT) uses several categorical variables. Thirteen AMR action plans from five countries (China, Japan, Norway, the UK and the USA) were used to develop the tool and identify possible values for each variable. The scope and capability of AMR-PACT is demonstrated through the 2015 WHO’s Global Action Plan and 2017 Hong Kong AMR Action Plan (HKAP). Majority of policies were aimed at either human or animal sector with less attention given to the environment, plant or food sector. Both plans shared the same two strategic focus areas, namely the conservation of antibiotics and the improved surveillance of resistance. There were no policies dedicated to improving access to antibiotics in the HKAP. These empirical results provide useful insights into the priorities and gaps of AMR policies. The method proposed here can help understand countries’ priorities regarding AMR, support the creation of AMR policy database and foster innovative policymaking.
Effectiveness of a brief lifestyle intervention targeting mental health staff: analysis of physical fitness and activity in the Keeping Our Staff in Mind study
Authors: Fibbins Hamish , Ward Philip B , Curtis Jackie , Watkins Andrew , Lederman Oscar , Morell Rachel , Rosenbaum Simon
Published: July 2020

Background

People with mental illness die on average 15 years less than the general population, primarily to cardiometabolic disease. Lifestyle interventions are effective in reducing cardiometabolic risk but are not routinely provided to mental health consumers. Lifestyle interventions targeting mental health staff may be beneficial in changing culture surrounding physical health and subsequently improving consumer outcomes. This study examines exercise and fitness outcomes of a targeted lifestyle intervention directed at Australian mental health staff.

Methods

A pragmatic single-arm intervention study was conducted within an Australian public mental health service. Mental health staff were provided a five-session individualised lifestyle intervention (incorporating exercise and nutritional counselling) over 5 weeks. Two waves of the programme were delivered between 2015 and 2016. This paper examines the exercise and fitness outcomes of the second wave of the study. Participants were assessed at baseline and at a 16-week follow-up. The primary exercise outcome was a measurement of cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes included self-reported physical activity and a measurement of handgrip strength.

Results

A total of 106 staff participated in this component of the study. Cardiorespiratory fitness increased significantly from baseline to follow-up (p<0.001). Significant improvements to physical activity occurred with decreases in sedentary time (p<0.0005) and increases in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (p<0.005).

Conclusion

Lifestyle interventions incorporating exercise counselling may improve the physical health of mental health staff. Such strategies may be effective in improving culture surrounding physical health and/or increasing the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions targeting mental health consumers.
Recommendations for return to sport during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
Authors: Löllgen Herbert , Bachl Norbert , Papadopoulou Theodora , Shafik Andrew , Holloway Graham , Vonbank Karin , Jones Nigel Edward , Bigard Xavier , Niederseer David , Meyer Joachim , Muniz-Pardos Borja , Debruyne Andre , Zupet Petra , Steinacker Jürgen M , Wolfarth Bernd , Bilzon James Lee John , Ionescu Anca , Dohi Michiko , Swart Jeroen , Badtieva Victoriya , Zelenkova Irina , Casasco Maurizio , Geistlinger Michael , Di Luigi Luigi , Webborn Nick , Singleton Patrick , Miller Mike , Pigozzi Fabio , Pitsiladis Yannis P
Published: July 2020

In this viewpoint we make specific recommendations that can assist and make the return to sport/exercise as safe as possible for all those impacted – from the recreational athlete to the elite athlete. We acknowledge that there are varying rules and regulations around the world, not to mention the varying philosophies and numerous schools of thought as it relates to return to sport/exercise and we have been cognisant of this in our recommendations. Despite the varying rules and circumstances around the world, we believe it is essential to provide some helpful and consistent guidance for return to training and sport for sport and exercise physicians around the world at this most difficult time. The present viewpoint provides practical and medical recommendations on the resumption to sport process.
Long-term outcomes in patients with polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis receiving adalimumab with or without methotrexate
Authors: Lovell Daniel J , Brunner Hermine I , Reiff Andreas O , Jung Lawrence , Jarosova Katerina , Němcová Dana , Mouy Richard , Sandborg Christy , Bohnsack John F , Elewaut Dirk , Gabriel Christos , Higgins Gloria , Kone-Paut Isabelle , Jones Olcay Y , Vargová Veronika , Chalom Elizabeth , Wouters Carine , Lagunes Ivan , Song Yanna , Martini Alberto , Ruperto Nicolino ,   for the Pediatric Rheumatology Collaborative Study Group (PRCSG) and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organization (PRINTO)
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Long-term safety and efficacy of adalimumab among patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) was evaluated through 6 years of treatment.

Methods

Children aged 4–17 years with polyarticular JIA were enrolled in a phase III, randomised-withdrawal, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial consisting of a 16-week open-label lead-in period, 32-week randomised double-blind period and 360-week long-term extension. Patients were stratified by baseline methotrexate use. Adverse events (AEs) were monitored, and efficacy assessments included JIA American College of Rheumatology (JIA ACR) 30%, 50%, 70% or 90% responses and the proportions of patients achieving 27-joint Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27) low disease activity (LDA, ≤3.8) and inactive disease (ID, ≤1).

Results

Of 171 patients enrolled, 62 (36%) completed the long-term extension. Twelve serious infections in 11 patients were reported through 592.8 patient-years of exposure. No cases of congestive heart failure-related AEs, demyelinating disease, lupus-like syndrome, malignancies, tuberculosis or deaths were reported. JIA ACR 30/50/70/90 responses and JADAS27 LDA were achieved in 66% to 96% of patients at week 104, and 63 (37%) patients achieved clinical remission (JADAS27 ID sustained for ≥6 continuous months) during the study. Attainment of JIA ACR 50 or higher and JADAS27 LDA or ID in the initial weeks were the best predictors of clinical remission. Mean JADAS27 decreased from baseline, 22.5 (n=170), to 2.5 (n=30) at week 312 (observed analysis).

Conclusions

Through 6 years of exposure, adalimumab was well tolerated with significant clinical response (up to clinical remission) and a relatively low retention rate.
Impairment of cognition and sleep after acute ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack in Chinese patients: design, rationale and baseline patient characteristics of a nationwide multicentre prospective registry
Authors: Wang Yongjun , Liao Xiaoling , Wang Chunxue , Zhang Ning , Zuo Lijun , Yang Yang , Pan Yuesong , Xiang Xianglong , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Zhao Xingquan , Wang Yilong , Shi Jiong , Li Hao
Published: July 2020

Background and aim

Cognitive impairment and sleep disorder are both common poststroke conditions and are closely related to the prognosis of patients who had a stroke. The Impairment of CognitiON and Sleep after acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in Chinese patients (ICONS) study is a nationwide multicentre prospective registry to investigate the occurrence and associated factors of cognitive impairment and sleep disorder after acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA).

Methods

Consecutive AIS or TIA in-hospital patients within 7 days after onset were enrolled from 40 participating sites in China. Comprehensive baseline clinical and imaging data were collected prospectively. Blood and urine samples were also collected on admission and follow-up visits. Patients were interviewed face to face for cognition and sleep related outcomes at 2 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months after AIS/TIA and followed up for clinical outcomes by telephone annually over 5 years.

Results

Between August 2015 and January 2018, a total of 2625 patients were enrolled. 92.65% patients had AIS and 7.35% patients had TIA. Overall, the average age was 61.04 years, and 72.38% patients were male. Median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score was 3 in AIS patients.

Conclusions

The ICONS study is a large-scale nationwide prospective registry to investigate occurrence and the longitudinal changes of cognitive impairment and sleep disorder after AIS or TIA. Data from this registry may also provide opportunity to evaluate associated factors of cognitive impairment or sleep disorder after AIS or TIA and their impact on clinical outcome.
Long non-coding RNA AWPPH enhances malignant phenotypes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via silencing PTEN through interacting with LSD1 and EZH2
Authors: Guo Deqiang , Liu Fei , Zhang Lei , Bian Nana , Liu Luyang , Kong Lingxiao , Hu Qian , Wang Zengguang
Published: July 2020

Evidence has emerged identifying long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) as important regulators of various cancers including nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). LncRNA AWPPH is an oncogene recently identified in several cancers. However, the underlying role of AWPPH in NPC is still unclear and thus worth exploring. In this study, AWPPH expression was markedly upregulated in NPC cells. Further, loss- and gain-of-function assays indicated that AWPPH facilitates cell proliferation and migration and hinders apoptosis in NPC cells. Moreover, cytoplasmic AWPPH was predicted to share a common RNA-binding protein, IGF2BP1, with LSD1. The interaction between IGF2BP1 and both AWPPH and LSD1 mRNA was verified in NPC cells, and AWPPH stabilized LSD1 mRNA to enhance the expression of LSD1 in NPC through such interactions. Furthermore, nuclear AWPPH repressed PTEN expression through recruiting EZH2 and LSD1 to the PTEN promoter in NPC cells. Final rescue assays demonstrated that silenced PTEN could reverse the suppressive influence of AWPPH depletion on the progression of NPC. Collectively, our study shows that AWPPH inhibits PTEN expression to drive NPC progression through interacting with LSD1 and EZH2, providing potential biomarkers for NPC treatment.
A Bayesian hierarchical approach to integrating historical and in-season genetic data for real-time assessment of a mixed stock fishery
Authors: DeFilippo Lukas B. , Schindler Daniel E. , Shedd Kyle , Schaberg Kevin L.
Published: July 2020

With advances in molecular genetics, it is becoming increasingly feasible to conduct genetic stock identification (GSI) to inform management actions that occur within a fishing season. While applications of in-season GSI are becoming widespread, such programs seldom integrate data from previous years, underutilizing the full breadth of information available for real-time inference. In this study, we developed a Bayesian hierarchical model that integrates historical and in-season GSI data to estimate temporal changes in the composition of a mixed stock of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) returning to Alaska’s Chignik watershed across the fishing season. Simulations showed that even after accounting for time constraints of transporting and analyzing genetic samples, a hierarchical approach can rapidly achieve accurate in-season stock allocation, outperforming alternative methods that rely solely on historical or in-season data by themselves. As the distribution and phenology of fish populations becomes more variable and difficult to predict under climate change, in-season management tools will likely be increasingly relied upon to protect biocomplexity while maximizing harvest opportunity in mixed stock fisheries.
Extreme Multistability and Complex Dynamics of a Memristor-Based Chaotic System
Authors: Chang Hui , Li Yuxia , Chen Guanrong , Yuan Fang
Published: July 2020

A memristor with coexisting pinched hysteresis loops and twin local activity domains is presented and analyzed, with an emulator being designed and applied to the classic Chua’s circuit to replace the diode. The memristive system is modeled with four coupled first-order autonomous differential equations, which has three equilibria determined by three static equilibria of the memristor but not controlled by the system parameters. The complex dynamics of the system are analyzed by using compound coexisting bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponent spectra and phase portraits, including point attractors, limit cycles, symmetrical chaotic attractors and their blasting, extreme multistability, state-switching without parameter, and transient chaos. Of particular surprise is that the extreme multistability of the system is hidden and symmetrically distributed. It is found that the existence of transient chaos in the specified parameter domain is determined by using bifurcation diagrams within different time durations and Lyapunov exponents with chaotic sequences. Finally, the symmetrical chaotic attractor and the system blasting are verified by digital signal processing experiments, which are consistent with the numerical analysis.
Hamiltonian-Based Energy Analysis for Brushless DC Motor Chaotic System
Authors: Faradja Philippe , Qi Guoyuan
Published: July 2020

The generalized Hamiltonian function is proposed for the brushless DC motor (BLDCM) chaotic system. The Hamiltonian and Casimir functions are derived from the generalized Hamiltonian function. In this way the Casimir energy is proven to be a special type of the generalized Hamiltonian function. The derivative of the Hamiltonian function is used for analyzing the various dynamical behaviors under different combination of energy components. An analytical optimal bound of the BLDCM is simply proposed from the Hamiltonian power. Along the study, the comparison between the Hamiltonian and Casimir powers is conducted, and physical interpretations and mechanism revealing the onset of chaos are provided for the BLDCM chaotic system. Bifurcation analysis through the Hamiltonian power and Casimir power identifies the different dynamic patterns.
A Multivariate Weighted Ordinal Pattern Transition Network for Characterizing Driver Fatigue Behavior from EEG Signals
Authors: Yang Yu-Xuan , Gao Zhong-Ke
Published: July 2020

Driver fatigue has caused numerous vehicle crashes and traffic injuries. Exploring the fatigue mechanism and detecting fatigue state are of great significance for preventing traffic accidents, and further lessening economic and societal loss. Due to the objectivity of EEG signals and the availability of EEG acquisition equipment, EEG-based fatigue detection task has raised great attention in recent years. Although there exist various methods for this task, the study of fatigue mechanism and detection of fatigue state still remain much to be explored. To investigate these problems, a multivariate weighted ordinal pattern transition (MWOPT) network is proposed in this paper. To be specific, a simulated driving experiment was first conducted to obtain the EEG signals of subjects in alert state and fatigue state respectively. Then the MWOPT network is constructed based on a novel Shannon entropy. To probe into the mechanism underlying fatigue behavior, the small-worldness index is extracted from the generated MWOPT network. Furthermore, the nodal degree index is input into a classifier to distinguish the fatigue state from alert state. The obtained high accuracy indicates the effectiveness of the proposed network for EEG-based fatigue detection. Besides, four nodes are found to play an important role in identifying fatigue state. These results suggest that the proposed method enables to analyze nonlinear multivariate time series and investigate the driving fatigue behavior.
Is There a Relation Between Synchronization Stability and Bifurcation Type?
Authors: Faghani Zahra , Wang Zhen , Parastesh Fatemeh , Jafari Sajad , Perc Matjaž
Published: July 2020

Synchronization in complex networks is an evergreen subject with many practical applications across the natural and social sciences. The stability of synchronization is thereby crucial for determining whether the dynamical behavior is stable or not. The master stability function is commonly used to that effect. In this paper, we study whether there is a relation between the stability of synchronization and the proximity to certain bifurcation types. We consider four different nonlinear dynamical systems, and we determine their master stability functions in dependence on key bifurcation parameters. We also calculate the corresponding bifurcation diagrams. By means of systematic comparisons, we show that, although there are some variations in the master stability functions in dependence on bifurcation proximity and type, there is in fact no general relation between synchronization stability and bifurcation type. This has important implication for the restrained generalizability of findings concerning synchronization in complex networks for one type of node dynamics to others.
Observations of Protoplanetary Disk Structures
Authors: Andrews Sean M.
Published: July 2020

The disks that orbit young stars are the essential conduits and reservoirs of material for star and planet formation. Their structures, meaning the spatial variations of the disk physical conditions, reflect the underlying mechanisms that drive those formation processes. Observations of the solids and gas in these disks, particularly at high resolution, provide fundamental insights on their mass distributions, dynamical states, and evolutionary behaviors. Over the past decade, rapid developments in these areas have largely been driven by observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). This review highlights the state of observational research on disk structures, emphasizing the following three key conclusions that reflect the main branches of the field: ▪  Relationships among disk structure properties are also linked to the masses, environments, and evolutionary states of their stellar hosts. ▪  There is clear, qualitative evidence for the growth and migration of disk solids, although the implied evolutionary timescales suggest the classical assumption of a smooth gas disk is inappropriate. ▪  Small-scale substructures with a variety of morphologies, locations, scales, and amplitudes—presumably tracing local gas pressure maxima—broadly influence the physical and observational properties of disks. The last point especially is reshaping the field, with the recognition that these disk substructures likely trace active sites of planetesimal growth or are the hallmarks of planetary systems at their formation epoch.
Robert C. Merton: The First Financial Engineer
Authors: Lo Andrew W.
Published: July 2020

This is an edited version of a talk given at the Robert C. Merton 75th Birthday Celebration Conference held at MIT on August 5 and 6, 2019. A video of the talk is available at https://bit.ly/2nvITM6 .

This article is one of a pair of articles published in this volume about Robert C. Merton's contributions to the science of financial economics. The other article in this pair is “ Robert C. Merton and the Science of Finance ” by Zvi Bodie.
The Yersinia Type III Secretion System as a Tool for Studying Cytosolic Innate Immune Surveillance
Authors: Schubert Katherine Andrea , Xu Yue , Shao Feng , Auerbuch Victoria
Published: July 2020

Microbial pathogens have evolved complex mechanisms to interface with host cells in order to evade host defenses and replicate. However, mammalian innate immune receptors detect the presence of molecules unique to the microbial world or sense the activity of virulence factors, activating antimicrobial and inflammatory pathways. We focus on how studies of the major virulence factor of one group of microbial pathogens, the type III secretion system (T3SS) of human pathogenic Yersinia, have shed light on these important innate immune responses. Yersinia are largely extracellular pathogens, yet they insert T3SS cargo into target host cells that modulate the activity of cytosolic innate immune receptors. This review covers both the host pathways that detect the Yersinia T3SS and the effector proteins used by Yersinia to manipulate innate immune signaling.
Iron-Only and Vanadium Nitrogenases: Fail-Safe Enzymes or Something More?
Authors: Harwood Caroline S.
Published: July 2020

The enzyme molybdenum nitrogenase converts atmospheric nitrogen gas to ammonia and is of critical importance for the cycling of nitrogen in the biosphere and for the sustainability of life. Alternative vanadium and iron-only nitrogenases that are homologous to molybdenum nitrogenases are also found in archaea and bacteria, but they have a different transition metal, either vanadium or iron, at their active sites. So far alternative nitrogenases have only been found in microbes that also have molybdenum nitrogenase. They are less widespread than molybdenum nitrogenase in bacteria and archaea, and they are less efficient. The presumption has been that alternative nitrogenases are fail-safe enzymes that are used in situations where molybdenum is limiting. Recent work indicates that vanadium nitrogenase may play a role in the global biological nitrogen cycle and iron-only nitrogenase may contribute products that shape microbial community interactions in nature.
Inhibition of AMPK activity in response to insulin in adipocytes: involvement of AMPK pS485, PDEs, and cellular energy levels
Authors: Kopietz Franziska , Rupar Kaja , Berggreen Christine , Säll Johanna , Vertommen Didier , Degerman Eva , Rider Mark H. , Göransson Olga
Published: July 2020

Insulin resistance in obesity and type 2 diabetes has been shown to be associated with decreased de novo fatty acid (FA) synthesis in adipose tissue. It is known that insulin can acutely stimulate FA synthesis in adipocytes; however, the mechanisms underlying this effect are unclear. The rate-limiting step in FA synthesis is catalyzed by acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), known to be regulated through inhibitory phosphorylation at S79 by the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Previous results from our laboratory showed an inhibition of AMPK activity by insulin, which was accompanied by PKB-dependent phosphorylation of AMPK at S485. However, whether the S485 phosphorylation is required for insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK or other mechanisms underlie the reduced kinase activity is not known. To investigate this, primary rat adipocytes were transduced with a recombinant adenovirus encoding AMPK-WT or a nonphosphorylatable AMPK S485A mutant. AMPK activity measurements by Western blot analysis and in vitro kinase assay revealed that WT and S485A AMPK were inhibited to a similar degree by insulin, indicating that AMPK S485 phosphorylation is not required for insulin-induced AMPK inhibition. Further analysis suggested an involvement of decreased AMP-to-ATP ratios in the insulin-induced inhibition of AMPK activity, whereas a possible contribution of phosphodiesterases was excluded. Furthermore, we show that insulin-induced AMPK S485 phosphorylation also occurs in human adipocytes, suggesting it to be of an importance yet to be revealed. Altogether, this study increases our understanding of how insulin regulates AMPK activity, and with that, FA synthesis, in adipose tissue.
Infections with Giardia duodenalis and Entamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba dispar as Hidden and Prevalent Conditions in Periurban Communities in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Calegar Deiviane A. , Monteiro Kerla J. L. , Gonçalves Andressa B. , Boia Márcio N. , Jaeger Lauren H. , Nunes Beatriz C. , Carvalho-Costa Filipe A.
Published: July 2020

This study aims to assess the prevalence, distribution, and etiological profile of intestinal parasitism in children living in periurban areas in Cachoeiras de Macacu, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. A community-based cross-sectional survey (n = 479) was carried out. Prevalence of infection with G. duodenalis and E. histolytica/E. dispar was 8.6% (n = 41) and 13.4% (n = 64), respectively. Infection with G. duodenalis was significantly more frequent among children living in poor families (24/187 (12.8%) vs. 16/272 (5.9%); prevalence ratio (PR) = 2.18; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.19–3.99; p=0.011). This difference was also significant for infection with any pathogenic parasite (43/187 (23%) vs. 40/272 (14/7%); PR = 1.56; 95% CI = 1.06–2.30; p=0.026). In addition, people residing in houses with more than four inhabitants showed significantly higher positivity for infections with G. duodenalis and with E. histolytica/E. dispar (22/138 (15.9%) vs. 16/311 (5.1%); PR = 3.09; 95% CI = 1.68–5.71; p<0.001 for G. duodenalis and 32/138 (23.2%) vs. 30/311 (9.6%); PR = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.52–3.79; p<0.001 for E. histolytica/E. dispar). Laboratory diagnosis of protozoan enteric infections and effective drugs for their treatment are unmet goals in the primary health care system. Therefore, giardiasis and amebiasis are neglected conditions.
Complexity Analysis of Pricing in a Multichannel Supply Chain with Spillovers from Online to Offline Sales
Authors: Mai Fengxia , Zhang Jianxiong , Yang Rui , Sun Xiaojie
Published: July 2020

In recent years, many manufacturers have been selling their products to online consumers through e-tailers by adopting reselling mode and agency selling mode simultaneously. The sales from the online channels inevitably incur spillover effect to the traditional offline channels. This paper develops a dynamic pricing game model on the basis of a long-term gradient adjustment mechanism for a multichannel supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and an e-tailer and focuses on examining the impacts of spillover effect, agency fee, and adjustment speed on the stability and complexity of the dynamic game system. The results show that both a greater spillover effect and a higher agency fee can make the dynamic game system more stable, and a higher adjustment speed can destabilize the dynamic game system through period doubling bifurcation. Furthermore, it is interesting to find that the destabilization of the game system benefits the e-tailer and the supply chain while having little influence on the manufacturer, and thus the dynamic adjustment strategy may improve the supply chain efficiency.
A Case of Late Presentation of Pancreatic Divisum in a Patient with Recurrent Pancreatitis
Authors: Sarkar Taranika , Jagroop Sophia
Published: July 2020

Pancreatic Divisum (PD) is the most common congenital variation of pancreatic duct anatomy, arising when embryological ventral and dorsal endodermal buds fail to fuse (“classic” PD) or only fuse partially (“incomplete” PD). Most patients with PD are asymptomatic, but a subgroup of patients can present with recurrent bouts of pancreatitis. While alcohol and gallstones are the common causes of acquired pancreatitis, PD is a congenital cause of pancreatitis. It is usually suspected in younger individuals with recurrent pancreatitis who also have a family history. Here, we present a rare case of PD in an older individual who presented with recurrent pancreatitis. He underwent cholecystectomy for suspected gallstone pancreatitis but continued to have episodes of pancreatitis. He had a history of alcohol abuse but denied use in the last one year. PD was detected later as the cause. Recurrent pancreatitis led to the development of a pseudocyst and pancreaticopleural fistula (PPF). Medical management improved the pseudocyst and PPF.