bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação em alternância e integração dos saberes tradicionais e dos saberes científicos na França
Authors: Guillaumin Catherine
Published: June 2023

Este artigo coloca em evidência, ao longo da história na França, três modelos de formação em alternância. Apenas um dá à pedagogia um lugar central, carregado por uma visão humanista do homem, visando a autonomização do indivíduo que se forma. O saber e sua integração, tomando ambos todos os espaços com seus conteúdos, tanto para os jovens em formação quanto para seus formadores, constitui o coração da formação. O autor desenvolve aqui a hipótese de que o modelo inicial de alternância integrativa, com sua sensibilidade ao entorno, tem a capacidade de contribuir para a integração dos saberes tradicionais na formação, acentuando a primazia do reconhecimento destes, da sua enunciação com base nas conquistas da formação experiencial e permitindo sua transmissão dentro do campo da pedagogia da alternância. O diálogo, a escuta e a difusão dos saberes tradicionais, participam, dessa forma, do compartilhamento do poder de formar, assim como são desafios para o pedagogo que se dedica à educação.
Fenomenologia postaci. Z inspiracji Hansa Ursa von Balthasara
Authors: Urban Marek
Published: June 2023

Pojęcie postaci (formy) wywodzi się pierwotnie ze świata myśli greckiej, który stworzył pojęcia eidos (wskazujące zarówno na obraz, jak i na ideę) i morphe (określające przede wszystkim postać). Zostały one przejęte z jednej strony ze świata życia organicznego, z drugiej zaś ze świata myśli i twórczości techniczno-artystycznej oraz (jeśli można tak powiedzieć) przeniesione i w sposób uszlachetniony przeznaczone do użytku filozoficznego. Pojęcie formy (postaci) zdominowało jednak nie tylko myśl grecką, lecz w takim samym stopniu również średniowieczną, gdzie wywoływało wyobrażenie czegoś pełnego, doskonałego, określającego. W filozofii nowożytnej pojęcie postaci w świecie życia organicznego pojawia się w myśli J. W. Goethego oraz w myśli filozoficzno-teologicznej H. U. von Balthasara. Pojęcie postaci, która z każdej strony wydaje się inna, a jednocześnie cały czas promieniuje pełnym światłem bytu, może stanowić wprowadzenie nie tylko do rozumienia człowieka, zwierząt czy roślin, ale do świata różnorodności postrzegania tej samej rzeczywistości. Na czym ono polega? Przede wszystkim, w przeciwieństwie do krytycznego spojrzenia Kanta czy analitycznego nauk przyrodniczych, na spojrzeniu syntetycznym i umiejętności dostrzegania żywej postaci. Piękno ukazuje się w świecie w widocznych formach i daje się nam przede wszystkim w tajemnicy postaci lub obrazu. Tylko postać rości sobie prawo do pełnego imienia piękna i jest miejscem, w którym ukazuje się blask piękna odwiecznego.
Założenia i tezy fenomenologii prawa Carlosa Cossio
Authors: Gołębiewska Maria
Published: June 2023

Carlos Cossio, argentyński filozof prawa rozwijał swoje koncepcje od lat trzydziestych XX wieku, będąc wykładowcą akademickim i aktywnie uczestnicząc w życiu społecznym. W założeniach, tezach i postulatach jego prawnicza teoria zajmuje się społeczną rolą prawa, przede wszystkim rolą sędziów i instytucji sądowych. W swojej fenomenologii prawa Cossio odwołuje się przede wszystkim do tez fenomenologicznych Edmunda Husserla, jak również do etyki Immanuela Kanta oraz do filozofii egzystencji – do koncepcji Miguela de Unamuno i Martina Heideggera. Cossio systematycznie podkreśla pierwszoosobową, czyli egologiczną i indywidualistyczną perspektywę wiedzy, decyzji i działań. Taka perspektywa pozwala nam rozpoznawać prawo jako działające wobec i dla ludzkich jednostek, z uwzględnieniem ich specyficznej sytuacji biograficznej i ich zachowania – prawo jest określane i nabiera ważności w konkretnym społecznym świecie. Równocześnie pozycja podmiotu w świecie jest określana przez intersubiektywny kontekst kultury, tożsamy ze specyficznie ludzkim „światem życia”. Cossio kieruje naszą uwagę ku tezom antropologicznym (antropologiczna potrzeba reguł i normatywności) oraz ku językowi i innym systemom znakowym, uznawanym za specyficznie ludzkie wytwory i nadające znaczenie „przedmiotom kultury” (Wilhelm Dilthey), czyli ku intersubiektywności (Lebenswelt) szeroko pojmowanej jako symboliczna, semiotyczna i semantyczna sfera.
Ocalić fenomenologię z Claude’em Romanem
Authors: Zgórecki Przemysław
Published: June 2023

Projekt odnowy fenomenologii zaproponowany przez Claude’a Romana stanowi zarazem próbę jej ocalenia. Jego prace wywarły ogromny wpływ na fenomenologię we Francji i poza jej granicami. Znalazły też uznanie Akademii Francuskiej, która w 2010 roku przyznała mu Grand Prix Moron za całość jego dzieł fenomenologicznych, a w 2020 roku Grand Prix de Philosophie za całokształt twórczości. Jego badania rozwijają się w dwóch kierunkach. Pierwszym jest synteza metody fenomenologicznej. Drugim jest jego własny pomysł na fenomenologię, który polega na interpretacji doświadczenia jako wydarzenia. Według Romana pierwszym krokiem zmierzającym ku ratowaniu fenomenologii jest już samo otwarcie jej na inne wpływy oraz konfrontacja z wiodącymi nurtami współczesnej myśli i zarazem włączenie jej na nowo w debatę filozoficzną. Jednak dopiero zwrot w kierunku realizmu świata życia stanowi sedno postulowanej przez filozofa rewolucji antykopernikańskiej i jest dla fenomenologii tytułowym ocaleniem. Dlatego też stanowi również centralny problem tego artykułu.
Próba interpretacji fenomenu wojny w świetle wybranych koncepcji filozoficznych Józefa Tischnera
Authors: Pala Amadeusz
Published: June 2023

Celem artykułu jest podjęcie próby interpretacji fenomenu wojny, wykorzystując wybrane koncepcje filozoficzne Józefa Tischnera. Interpretacja prowadzi do wniosków, że: (1) źródłowym casus belli jest odmowa drugiemu prawa do istnienia, (2) zło wojny polega na zaburzeniu relacji dialogicznej i w konsekwencji na emanacji zła na ziemię jako scenę dramatu, (3) zakończenie działań wojennych na scenie dramatu nie gwarantuje trwałego pokoju – potrzeba jeszcze odbudować relację dialogiczną.
Türk Dili Dersinin Geleceği: Bu Ders Gerekli mi?
Authors: ÇEKİCİ Yunus Emre , DEMİR Elif
Published: June 2023

Türkiye’de okul öncesi dönemden itibaren öğrencilerin dinleme/izleme, konuşma, okuma ve yazma becerileri geliştirilmeye çalışılmaktadır. Buna rağmen üniversiteye gelindiğinde yine bu becerilerin geliştirilmesini esas alan Türk dili dersinin, programlarda zorunlu ders olarak yer alması dikkat çekicidir. Türk dili-I ve Türk dili-II dersleri, 1981 yılından bu yana üniversitelerde zorunlu ders olarak yer almaktadır. Eğitim fakültelerinde 2018 yılında Türk dili-I ve Türk dili-II derslerinin içeriği güncellenmiştir. Diğer fakülte ve yüksekokullarda ise dersin içeriği 1981 yılından beri değiştirilmemiştir. Ders içerikleri hem toplumun hem de hedef kitlenin gereksinimlerine göre belirlenir ve bunlar zamanla değişebilir. Bu nedenle değişen toplumsal koşullar, derslerin içeriğinin de gözden geçirilmesini gerektirmektedir. Ayrıca dersin işlevselliğini belirleyebilmek için Türk dili dersinin çevrim içi veya yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmesinin eğitim-öğretim açısından etkileri de araştırılmalıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, öğretim elemanlarının görüşlerinden hareketle lisans ve ön lisans programlarında zorunlu olan Türk dili dersinin içeriğini değerlendirmek; dersin işlenişinde yaşanan sorunları ve bu sorunlara yönelik çözüm önerilerini ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımının benimsendiği araştırmada veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu aracılığıyla öğretim elemanlarının görüşlerinden elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın araştırma grubunu, Türkiye’deki 10 farklı üniversitede Türk dili dersini yürüten 16 öğretim elemanı oluşturmaktadır. Veriler, içerik analiziyle çözümlenmiştir. Öğretim elemanları, dersin önemsiz bir ders olarak algılandığını ve ders içeriğinin teorik olduğunu belirtmiştir. İçerik, ortaokuldaki Türkçe ve lisedeki Türk dili ve edebiyatı derslerinin tekrarı niteliğindedir. Türk dili dersleri genellikle uzaktan öğretim sistemiyle yürütülmektedir. Uzaktan öğretimle yürütülen Türk dili derslerinde iletişim aksaklıkları yaşanmakta ve öğrencilerin derse devam oranı düşmektedir. Öğretim elemanları, Türk dili derslerinin içeriğinin güncellenmesi gerektiğini ifade etmiştir. Çalışmada, öğrenci ihtiyaçlarına göre Türk dili dersinin içeriğinin güncellenmesi önerilmektedir.
Türkçe Öğretmenlerinin Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi Yeterlilikleri ile Teknoloji Yeterlilikleri Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞİMŞEK Bilal
Published: June 2023

Bu araştırmanın amacı Türkçe öğretmenlerinin teknolojik pedagojik alan bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. İlişkisel tarama modeliyle yürütülen bu araştırmanın çalışma grubunu Antalya İl Millî Eğitim Müdürlüğüne bağlı ortaokullarda görev yapan 212 Türkçe öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak “Türkçe Öğretmenlerine Yönelik Teknolojik Pedagojik Alan Bilgisi Ölçeği” ve “21. Yüzyıl Öğrenmelerinde Teknoloji Yeterliliği Öz-değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Araştırma için gerekli izinler alındıktan sonra veriler toplanmış ve analiz aşamasına geçilmiştir. Verilerin analizi sürecinde öncelikle uç değer taraması yapılmış ardından normallik katsayıları kontrol edilmiştir. Normal dağılım gösteren veriler Pearson Korelasyon Testi, normal dağılım göstermeyen veriler ise Spearman Korelasyon Testi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerden elde edilen sonuçlara göre Türkçe öğretmenlerinin teknoloji bilgisi, pedagoji bilgisi, alan bilgisi, pedagojik alan bilgisi, teknoloji destekli pedagoji ve alan bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu görülmüştür. Türkçe öğretmenlerinin teknoloji bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyli, pedagoji bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü orta düzeyli, alan bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyli, pedagojik alan bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyli, teknoloji destekli pedagoji ve alan bilgisi ile teknoloji öz-yeterlilikleri arasında ise pozitif yönlü düşük düzeyli anlamlı ilişki olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sürecinde elde edilen sonuçlardan hareketle öneriler sunulmuştur.
Küresel Pandemi Sırasında Bedelli ve Bedelsiz Sermaye Artırım Duyurularının Pay Getirileri Üzerindeki Etkisi: Borsa İstanbul’dan Kanıtlar
Authors: KAYA Bekir
Published: June 2023

Çalışmada, küresel pandemi sırasında, Mart-2019 ile Mart-2021 arasındaki dönemde, Borsa İstanbul’daki şirketlerin, bedelli ve bedelsiz sermaye artırım duyurularının pay getirileri üzerindeki etkisi incelenmektedir. Olay analizi kullanılarak, nihai olarak belirlenen 109 olay ile analizler yapılmıştır. Olay penceresi, olay tarihinden önceki 10. gün ile olay tarihinden sonraki 10. gün arasındaki 21 günlük süreyi kapsamaktadır. Tahmin penceresi ise, olay tarihinden önceki 11. gün ile olay tarihinden önceki 110. gün arasındaki 100 günlük süreyi kapsamaktadır. Payların tahmin penceresindeki beklenen getirilerinin hesaplanmasının ardından, olay penceresindeki ortalama anormal getirileri ve kümülatif ortalama anormal getirileri hesaplanmıştır. Kümülatif ortalama anormal getirilerinin anlamlılık düzeyini belirlemek için parametrik ve parametrik olmayan testlerden yararlanılmıştır. Parametrik test olarak t-testi, parametrik olmayan test olarak ise Wilcoxon işaretli sıra testi uygulanmıştır. Bedelli ve bedelsiz sermaye artırım duyuruları birlikte ele alındığında, hem Covid-19 pandemisi öncesindeki dönemde, hemde Covid-19 pandemisi sırasındaki dönemde duyuru tarihi etrafında kümülatif anormal getiriler tespit edilmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi öncesindeki dönem ile Covid-19 pandemisi sırasındaki dönem karşılaştırıldığında, Covid-19 pandemisi öncesindeki dönemde duyuru sonrasındaki tarihlerde, duyuru öncesindeki tarihlere göre daha fazla kümülatif ortalama anormal getiri sağlanmıştır. Bedelli sermaye artırım duyuruları ayrı ele alındığında Covid-19 pandemisi öncesindeki dönemde duyuru sonrasındaki tarihlerde, duyuru öncesindeki tarihlere göre daha fazla kümülatif ortalama anormal getiri sağlanmıştır. Bedelsiz sermaye artırım duyuruları ayrı ele alındığında ise Covid-19 pandemi sırasındaki dönemde duyuru sonrasındaki tarihlerde, duyuru öncesindeki tarihlere göre daha fazla kümülatif ortalama anormal getiri sağlanmıştır. Ulaşılan sonuçlar Borsa İstanbul'un yarı etkin bir piyasa olmadığını göstermektedir.
Perspectivas atuais da emigração brasileira (2000-2020)
Authors: Machado Igor José de Renó
Published: June 2023

Discussão bibliográfica sobre a emigração brasileira no século XXI, destacando as principais questões e problemas enfrentados pelos emigrantes brasileiros nesse período.
Differentiation of Small Towns by Knowledge Localisation Factors
Authors:   Sevastopol Institute (Branch) of Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Melnikova T. B.
Published: June 2023

The ambiguity of the causal relationship between knowledge creation and regional growth does not indicate its insignificance, as proven by numerous empirical studies. However, such works rarely examine small towns, characterised by uncertainty of knowledge sources. The article aims to identify and compare groups of similar small towns in the Central, Ural and Southern Federal Districts by using a set of knowledge localisation factors. A two-stage clustering was performed by the k-means method according to the following criteria: interactions between actors, specific knowledge stock and financial resources for commercialisation. The resulting cluster centres were divided into quartiles according to the grading system (good, satisfactory or poor). First, the study revealed 10 clusters in the Central Federal District, 7 clusters in the Ural Federal District and 5 clusters in the Southern Federal District. In 35 % of the towns of the Southern Federal District, 35 % of the Central Federal District and 38 % of the Ural Federal District, the estimated specific knowledge stock exceeded the availability of financial resources. Second, towns were differentiated by population and divided into two groups depending on the agglomeration impact of larger cities. Clusters were formed within each group and federal district. 50 % of Ural towns with a population of 10,000 to 20,000 people unaffected by the agglomeration, as well as 62 % of towns with more than 20,000 people have the advantage of specific knowledge stock over financial resources. These values are 18 % and 8 %, respectively, for the Central Federal District, 36 % and 30 % for the Southern Federal District. The findings can help extend the analytical framework for making decisions on the small towns development. Future research may focus on establishing measures to improve the characteristics of clusters.
Farmers’ Perception on Pollinators and Apple Pollination in Western Bhutan
Authors:   College of Natural Resources, Royal University of Bhutan, Dorji Kinley , Marshall Leon , Tashi Sonam , Biesmeijer Koos
Published: June 2023

Apples are one of the most important global fruit crops both in terms of yield and economic value, and rely on insect pollination. Pollination has been shown to increase apple production and economic value. The apple production in Bhutan has decreased from 7,051 MT in 2014 to 3,684 MT in 2018. Among the factors identified for the decline of apple quality and yield, pollinator deficits in orchards and inefficient pollination are hypothesised to be less recognised among Bhutanese farmers. Here we surveyed the knowledge and perception of farmers towards apple pollination and pollinators in the three dominant apple-producing districts of Bhutan: Thimphu, Paro, and Haa. One hundred and five farmers (35 from each district) were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. When asked about the yield trend compared to previous years, 74.3% of the respondents noticed a decrease in yield compared to the year 2019, and 96.2% of the respondents said yield has decreased over the last five years. Sixty percent of the farmers were unaware of apple pollination and the importance of pol-linators. The farmers could not differentiate between different pollinator species, with honeybees be-ing the only pollinator known to the farmers. Education and years of working experience were found to influence farmers’ knowledge about pollinators and apple pollination. This study establishes base-line information of farmers’ knowledge in Bhutan, which will be useful to improve farm management practices that will benefit apple quality and productivity, as well as pollinator conservation.
Reform’dan Teokratik Krallığa: Michael Servetus Davası Üzerinden Yeni Bir John Calvin Okuması
Authors: FORTACI Talha
Published: June 2023

Hıristiyanlıktaki Reform süreci Katolik Kilisesi’ne karşı bir protestoyu temsil etmekte ve çoğu zaman dinî alanda düşünce özgürlüğü bağlamında değerlendirilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, Reform hareketlerine önderlik eden bazı Protestan liderlerin kimi zaman “dinî alanda özgürlük” ve “yalnızca iman” gibi mottolara aykırı tutumlar sergilemiş olmaları bir ironi olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Örneğin, Michael Servetus’un (1509-1553) Hıristiyanlık hakkındaki görüşlerine en yüksek sesli tepkiyi veren John Calvin (1509-1564) olmuştur ve aleyhte yürüttüğü faaliyetler sebebiyle Servetus 1553’te Cenevre’de yargılanmış ve diri diri yakılarak öldürülmüştür. Bu makale, özellikle teslis karşıtı düşünceleriyle bilinen Michael Servetus’un infaz edilmesiyle sonuçlanan davada Cenevre’deki Protestan lider John Calvin’in rolünü tartışmaktadır. Zira Katolik Kilisesi’ne eleştirileri ile varlık bulmuş bir hareketin öncülerinden olan Calvin’in farklı seslere nasıl bir yaklaşım sergilediğinin tespit edilmesi önemlidir. Bu doğrultuda, makalede önce Servetus’un Hıristiyanlık anlayışı ele alınmış, akabinde yargılandığı davada John Calvin’in nasıl bir etkisinin olduğu tartışılmıştır.
The Understanding of Evil in British Romanticism: J. R. R. Tolkien and the Ring “a Running Ambivalence”
Authors: KALİNTURK Omer Faruk
Published: June 2023

J. R. R. Tolkien, like many people, is a figure that is difficult to explain in terms of the mono-disciplinary attitude of modern academia. The significance of this article lies in the attempt to understand Tolkien's work by taking it beyond the boundaries of traditional literary scholarship. Through an interdisciplinary reading method, it is argued that there is a depth in Tolkien's works, lost between the praise of his supporters and the criticism of his opponents, which exceeds what either group claims to have found. Tolkien’s attitude to Evil consists of two parts, in terms of the Ring. The first is the traditional Augustinian, later Boethian view. According to this view, evil is itself nothing. It is an absence of good. So, it is internal. The sin and weakness of men are the major cause of evil. In terms of the Ring, the desire of Men for Power leads to evil. The important things are these lust and ambition. The second ambiguous and even contradictory vision of evil is the Manichean. From this perspective, evil is the equal of good. It is an external force that is equally powerful to that of good. Evil also has its own will.
Assessment in a health science programme at a South African university: views and experiences of students
Authors: HU Zijing , VENKETSAMY Roy
Published: June 2023

The importance of assessments in education cannot be over-emphasised. The reason is that assessments not only promote students' learning but also evaluate students' competencies, particularly in the field of health sciences, such as acupuncture. Therefore, it is crucial for higher education institutions to ensure that assessments in their programmes are valid and reliable. However, there is a distinct lack of research focusing on assessments in acupuncture programmes. This study aimed to explore students' views and experiences of an acupuncture programme at a higher education institution within the South African context. The revised Bloom's Taxonomy was utilised as the theoretical lens to understanding students' views and experiences. A qualitative single case study design was employed in this study. The authors followed a purposive sampling strategy to recruit participants from a public university in South Africa. Ten participants were selected for this study. Thematic analysis was utilised in this study. The results of this study were:Participants stated that it was important to utilise multiple assessment tools for the educational evaluation of the acupuncture program, the frequency and continuity of the assessment motivated learning, each of the assessment tools was valuable and not superior to the other, and the assessment techniques used with the aims of the acupuncture program should be compatible.
Concept Images of University Students for Geometric Representation of the Double Integral Concept
Authors: ÖZBEY Mustafa , DOST Şenol
Published: June 2023

This study has focused on how university students understand the geometric representation of double integral. For this purpose, six participants have been asked six questions. Later, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants. In this study, the data obtained from questionnaire form and interviews were analyzed with open and axial coding. As a result of this research, it was observed that the concept images of university students were grouped into two categories as “area” and “volume”. It was determined that the participants acted with an intuitive approach without having to establish a relationship between the concept definition and the concept image, the ∬ in the symbol of the double integral caused the participants to think of it as a two-dimensional geometric structure and their image of the concept of the single integral was very active. The findings obtained in this research shows that there are problems in understanding the concept of the double integral, which is the first step of generalizing to multiple integrals, and that educator should produce solutions for this subject.
Educational Capacity of Botanical Gardens: What do the research results say?
Authors: BAYINDIR Dilan
Published: June 2023

Considering that they have been visited by more than 750 million people each year (BGCI, 2023), botanical gardens can play an important role in solving the global problems we face such as climate change, food security, and loss of biodiversity. In order to achieve this, it is recommended to strengthen the educational role of botanical gardens, to review the research results made so far in this field, and to support new research. Within the scope of this study, it is aimed to review the scientific research on the education and public awareness role of botanical gardens. Within the scope of this research, scientific studies published in peer-reviewed scientific journals on educational aspects of botanical gardens were reviewed. Thirty-two studies were reached as a result of the literature review carried out in accordance with the determined criteria. With the content analysis, the educational role of botanical gardens was systematically analyzed and interpreted according to research findings.
Интернет для повышения качества жизни и его использование пожилыми людьми
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный морской технический университет, Волкова С.Л. , Толстикова И.И. ,   Университет ИТМО,   Социологический институт РАН
Published: June 2023

В новом тысячелетии люди в возрасте 60 лет и старше составляют одну из самых быстрорастущих возрастных групп, а использование компьютеров все больше затрагивает самые широкие аспекты жизни. Становится все более важным понимание конкретных информационных потребностей и стратегий, используемых пожилыми людьми при поиске информации с помощью ИКТ в сети интернет. В этой обзорной статье изучается влияние использования Интернета на качество жизни пожилых людей путем изучения доступных исследований в этой области. Обобщение результатов исследований свидетельствует о том, что функциональное использование компьютера и Интернета улучшает качество жизни пожилых людей. Предлагается классификация пожилых пользователей интернета в зависимости от уровня их компьютерной грамотности для понимания процессов взаимодействия пожилых пользователей со средой ИКТ. Принимается во внимание влияние предшествующего трудового опыта на наличие компьютерной грамотности — насколько трудовая деятельность была подвержена цифровизации, в какой мере сформированы динамические сочетания навыков. В случае наличия даже рудиментарных навыков компьютерной грамотности и использования интернета в профессиональной деятельности, при прекращении трудовой деятельности использование приобретенных навыков остается, но может сокращаться до решения личных задач с различной степенью активности. Устанавливается связь использования компьютера, сети интернет, с состоянием здоровья пожилых людей, влияющая на пять аспектов благополучия пожилых (удовольствие, личностный рост, мастерство, самостоятельность и социальные связи). Отмечается роль онлайн-взаимодействия в развитии и поддержании когнитивого резерва, который, в свою очередь, может компенсировать старение мозга и снизить риск слабоумия. Обобщение результатов исследований свидетельствует о том, что функциональное использование компьютера и интернета улучшает качество жизни пожилых людей, оказывает существенное влияние на значительное увеличение ощущения контроля над жизнью, уверенности в себе и обретение «якорей» на новом этапе своего жизненного пути.
Quantitative changes of brain isatin-binding proteins of rats with the rotenone-induced experimental parkinsonism
Authors: Buneeva O.A. , Kapitsa I.G. , Kazieva L.Sh. , Vavilov N.E. , Zgoda V.G.
Published: June 2023

Isatin (indoldione-2,3) is an endogenous regulator found in humans and animals. It exhibits a broad range of biological activity mediated by numerous isatin-binding proteins. Isatin produces neuroprotective effects in several experimental models of diseases, including Parkinsonism induced by the neurotoxin MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine).Rotenone (a neurotoxin used to modeling Parkinson's disease in rodents) causes significant changes in the profile of isatin-binding proteins of rat brain. Comparative proteomic identification of brain proteins of control rats and the rats with the rotenone-induced Parkinsonian syndrome (PS) revealed significant quantitative changes of 86 proteins under the influence of rotenone. This neurotoxin mainly caused the increase of the quantity of proteins involved in signal transduction and regulation of enzyme activity (24), proteins involved in cytoskeleton formation and exocytosis (23), and enzymes involved in energy generation and carbohydrate metabolism (19). However, only 11 of these proteins referred to isatin-binding proteins; the content of eight of them increased while the content of three proteins decreased. This suggests that the dramatic change of the profile of isatin-binding proteins, found in the development of the rotenone-induced PS, comes from changes in the state of the pre-existing molecules of proteins, rather than altered expression of corresponding genes.
Basic typing of multi-bit applications in the structure of modern software
Authors: Приходько Д.И.
Published: June 2023

Рассматривается особый класс переносимых приложений – мультиразрядные приложения, представляющие собой специальные приложения, способные функционировать на нескольких выбранных режимах микропроцессора в экстремальных условиях окружающей среды. В техническом аспекте этот эффект позволяет за счет использования логической изоляции поврежденных частей микропроцессора осуществлять смену режима микропроцессора в большинстве случаев без потерь данных либо с минимальными потерями, связанными со снижением точности вычислений и долей накопленных повреждений в микропроцессоре. При наличии микропроцессора, который эксплуатируется в первую очередь в экстремальных условиях окружающей среды, например, в космическом пространстве, необходимы специальные приложения для использования технических возможностей доработанных микропроцессоров. Представлено место данного класса приложений с точки зрения имеющихся подходов.

The author considers a special class of portable applications: multi-bit applications, which are special applications that can operate in several selected microprocessor modes in extreme environmental conditions. In a technical aspect, this effect allows, through the use of logical isolation of damaged parts of the microprocessor, to perform a microprocessor mode change in most cases without data loss, or with minimal losses associated with a decrease in calculation accuracy and the amount of accumulated damage in the microprocessor. In the presence of such a microprocessor, which is primarily operated in extreme environmental conditions, such as outer space, special applications are needed that can use the technical capabilities of modified microprocessors. The article describes the place of this class of applications in terms of existing approaches.
Mixed approach for synthesizing machine learning digital ecosystems
Authors: Золкин А.Л. , Айгумов Т.Г. , Тормозов В.С. , Гуменникова Ю.В.
Published: June 2023

Рассмотрены новые методы синтеза цифровых систем экологического мониторинга с применением методологии машинного обучения. Предложено применение смешанного аппаратного и программно-аппаратного подходов для реализации релейно-контакторной логики, что расширяет возможности мониторинга и поддержки принятия решений в отношении компонентов информационно-измерительных систем. Обоснована важность применения MS-триггеров и логистической регрессии при анализе стабильности работы датчиков и мониторинга их характеристик. Исследована роль схемотехнических составляющих, предлагаемых к внедрению в системах экологического мониторинга. Уделено внимание специфике анализа уже измеренных данных, устройству памяти информационно-измерительных систем.

The article discusses new methods for synthesizing digital environmental monitoring systems using machine learning methodology. The authors propose an application of mixed hardware and softwarehardware approach to the implementation of relay-contactor logic, which expands possibilities of monitoring and support of decision-making in relation to components of information-measuring systems. The article shows the importance of using MS triggers and logistic regression in analyzing the stability of the sensors and monitoring their characteristics, investigates the role of schematic engineering components proposed for implementation in environmental monitoring systems. Special attention is paid to the specifics of the analysis of already measured data, the memory device of information and measuring systems.
Review of expert systems and their application in various fields
Authors: Селивонин А.Е.
Published: June 2023

Статья посвящена одной из важнейших тем в области информационных систем управления – экспертным системам. В ходе исследования выполнен обзор различных видов экспертных систем, изложена краткая история их развития. Рассмотрены положительные и отрицательные стороны таких систем, а также проблемы, которые находятся на этапе исследования и тестирования. Указаны основные элементы и особенности построения структуры экспертной системы.

The article is devoted to one of the most important topics in the field of management information systems – expert systems. The study presents an overview of various types of expert systems and a brief history of their development. The positive and negative aspects of such systems, as well as problems that are still at the stage of research and testing are considered. The main elements and features of building the structure of the expert system are indicated.
Th e Japanese Asset Bubble in the Late 1990s and the Role of the Bank of Japan in Eliminating the Consequences
Authors: Поливалов А.А.
Published: June 2023

Рассматривается финансовый кризис в  Японии, который произошел после того, как лопнул пузырь японских активов в конце 1990-х годов. Это был беспрецедентный по своим масштабам кризис, оказавший серьезное влияние не только на экономику Японии, но и на глобальную экономику и мировые финансовые рынки, которые становились все более интегрированными друг в друга. Опыт Банка Японии в борьбе с кризисом показывает, что при отсутствии институциональных рамок по обеспечению финансовой стабильности роль центрального банка резко возрастает.

The article deals with the financial crisis in Japan that occurred after the Japanese asset bubble burst in the late 1990s. It was an unprecedented crisis, which had a serious impact not only on Japan’s economy, but also on the global economy and world financial markets, which were becoming more and more integrated into each other. Th e Bank of Japan experience in crisis management shows that in the absence of an institutional framework for financial stability, the role of the central bank increases dramatically.
Alternative Means of Payment, or Constructor of Modern Economy
Authors: Ростовцев Т.А.
Published: June 2023

За прошедший год, с  начала специальной военной операции, экономика России была вынуждена не только мобилизовать весь свой «арсенал» и опыт, для того чтобы не допустить рецессии, но и приложить все усилия для поиска альтернативных путей развития. Важным, даже фундаментальным, элементом этого пути является внешнеэкономическое взаимодействие с зарубежными партнерами («дружественными странами»). Но в рамках беспрецедентных ограничений, российский бизнес был вынужден активировать весь мировой и отечественный опыт в применении платежных средств (от клиринга и золота до криптовалют и комбинации этих средств) для бесперебойного доступа к  жизненно необходимым для российской экономики товарам и услугам. Цель данного исследования – рассмотреть теоретические и практические основы применения различных платежных средств и их комбинаций, которые российский бизнес применял за прошедший год, а также сформировать предложения по использованию различных платежных средств в рамках внешнеэкономической деятельности централизованно, на примере республики Узбекистан. Автором сделаны выводы о необходимости скорейшего регулирования нового рынка коллаборации платежных средств государством во избежание бегства капитала и  преобладания серого рынка. Также необходимо установить крепкое инвестиционно-долгосрочное партнерство с республикой Узбекистан как фактор процветания обеих стран в условиях кризиса.

Over the past year, since the beginning of the Special Military Operation, the Russian economy was forced not only to mobilize its entire “arsenal” and experience in order to prevent a recession, but also to make every effort to find alternative ways of development. An important, even fundamental element of this path is economic cooperation with foreign partners (“friendly countries”). But within the unprecedented restrictions, the Russian business was forced to activate the entire world and domestic experience in applying means of payment (from clearing and gold to cryptocurrencies and a combination of these means) for uninterrupted access to goods and services vital for the Russian economy. Th e purpose of this study is to consider the theoretical and practical foundations for the use of various means of payment and their combinations that Russian businesses have used over the past year, and also to present proposals for the use of various means of payment in the framework of foreign economic activity centrally, on the example of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author concludes that there is a need for the soonest regulation of the new market for the collaboration of means of payment by the state, in order to avoid capital flight and the prevalence of the gray market. It is also necessary to establish a strong investment and long-term partnership with the Republic of Uzbekistan as a factor in the prosperity of both countries in a crisis.
Legal Aspects of State Policy in the Field of Volunteering in the Russian Federation
Authors: Володченкова В.В. , Гаврюшенко В.П. , Перегудова Н.В. , Домрачев К.В. , Клочков П.В.
Published: June 2023

В статье рассматривается добровольческая деятельность в области защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций, обеспечения пожарной безопасности. Исследуется взаимодействие федеральных органов исполнительной власти, субъектов Российской Федерации и органов местного самоуправления по привлечению добровольцев к участию в волонтерской деятельности. Освещены преобразования нормативной правовой базы в области добровольчества, в том числе в сфере защиты населения и территорий от чрезвычайных ситуаций. Рассмотрен процесс формирования современной нормативной правовой базы в области добровольчества. Проведен анализ правовой поддержки участников добровольческой деятельности в области ликвидации последствий чрезвычайных ситуаций и обеспечения пожарной безопасности. Выявлены проблемные области и тенденции развития.

The article focuses on the volunteer activity in protecting the population and territories from emergency situations, ensuring fire safety. The authors investigate how the federal executive authorities, subjects of the Russian Federation and local self-government bodies encourage volunteering in this sphere. The state policy in this area is implemented in several directions: legislative regulation, information and methodological support, development of motivation tools and infrastructure. The article aims to highlight the transformations of the regulatory legal framework in the field of volunteering, including the protection of the population and territories from emergency situations. The urgent task at the present stage is forming a modern regulatory legal framework in the field of volunteering and organizational decision-making. The analysis of legal support of volunteers in the field of emergency response and fire safety is carried out. Despite legal support measures, a number of problem areas were identified which need further adjustment.
Effect of D-chiro-inositol on hormonal parameters and insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Akhter Dilruba , Banu Jasmine , Yasmin Mahmuda , Sultana Nighat , Munmun Sadia Afrin
Published: June 2023

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder among women of reproductive age, characterized by hormonal imbalance and insulin resistance. D-chiro-inositol, a naturally occurring inositol isomer, has been suggested as a potential treatment option for PCOS. This study aimed to investigate the effects of D-chiro-inositol supplementation on hormonal parameters, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS.
Methods: This randomized controlled study was conducted among 60 women of PCOS with insulin resistance, who were assigned to either Group A (D-chiro-inositol) or Group B (placebo) for 12 weeks. S. FSH, LH, S. total testosterone, fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of treatment. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0 for Windows.
Results: After 12 weeks of treatment, significant reductions in serum luteinizing hormone, serum total testosterone, fasting insulin, and HOMA-IR were observed in the D-chiro-inositol group compared to the placebo group. However, no significant changes were observed in fasting blood glucose levels. D-chiro-inositol was well-tolerated, with no significant differences in side effects between the two groups.
Conclusions: D-chiro-inositol supplementation for 12 weeks significantly improved hormonal parameters, and insulin resistance in women with PCOS. The treatment was well-tolerated, suggesting that D-chiro-inositol can be an effective therapeutic option for patients with PCOS.
The obstetrics and gynaecological distress measurement scale: a promising tool for improving obstetrics care
Authors: Kulkarni Aditi U. , Kothiwale Tanvi D. , Moras Elisa T.
Published: June 2023

Background: Screening done on obstetrics patients is based on a few scales which are not targeted towards the population, thus a need for a targeted tool was necessary especially for the Indian population where these issues are high and care provided lacks in quality.
Methods: A top down survey was conducted followed by a brief interview. A pilot study was then done out of which specific items were selected.
Results: Cronbach's alpha yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.907. Split-half coefficient yielded a high level of internal consistency with a value of 0.867. The convergent validity was 0.62.
Conclusions: The OGDMS is a valuable tool for identifying potential psychological distress in women needing obstetrics care. OGDMS is a unified tool for doctors, psychologists, and patients to identify potential problem areas related to mental health.
Validity of international ovarian tumour analysis simple rules in characterization of ovarian mass
Authors: K. P. Divya , Prabhu Sujatha , B. S. Satish Prasad
Published: June 2023

Background: Ovarian malignancy is one of the most common cancer in women and is diagnosed at later stage in majority. The limiting factor for early diagnosis is lack of standardized terms and procedures in gynaecological sonography. Recently, IOTA simple rules have been externally validated to have an increased sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing ovarian malignancy.
Methods: This is a prospective study in the Department of obstetrics and gynaecology conducted at ESIC-MC & PGIMSR Hospital, Bangalore from January 2020 to June 2021. 50 women diagnosed with ovarian mass and scheduled for surgery were admitted and evaluated for nature of ovarian mass using IOTA simple rules on ultrasonography and correlated with their histopathological diagnosis.
Results: Among 50 ovarian masses, all 38 masses (76%) characterized as benign by IOTA simple rules were true benign (100%) on histopathological diagnosis. 10 masses (20%) characterized as malignant, 9 were true malignant and 1 was false malignant on histopathological diagnosis. 2 cases which were inconclusive by IOTA simple rules were characterized as benign on histopathological diagnosis. Thus in our study test sensitivity was 100%, specificity 97.56%, positive predictive value 90% and negative predictive value 100%.
Conclusions: In clinical practice, IOTA simple rules as a diagnostic tool helps in characterization of most ovarian masses, which aids in optimal management and enhance better outcome. In ovarian masses for which the rules yielded an inconclusive results, subjective assessment by an experienced sonologist is advocatedd.
Study of maternal and perinatal outcome in cases of a HELLP syndrome
Authors: Kundaikar Suharsha Laxmikant , Thakur Ruchi Nityanand
Published: June 2023

Background: HELLP is an acronym which describes the presence of haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelet count during pregnancy. It is a life-threatening manifestation of pre-eclampsia. The incidence of HELLP syndrome is 0.5-0.9% of all pregnancies and 10-20% in cases of pre-eclampsia. The rationale of this study lied in the anticipation that knowledge of incidence of the HELLP Syndrome will incite the interest of medical fraternity handling various pregnancy related complication. The results may also imply that early detection of high-risk individuals by primary medical personnel and timely referral to a tertiary care centre will be helpful in improving maternal and perinatal outcomes. Aim of this study were to study the incidence of HELLP syndrome in patients with pre-eclampsia and to study maternal and perinatal outcome in pre-eclampsia patients complicated with HELLP syndrome.
Methods: A prospective observational study of 400 admitted cases with more than 20 weeks of gestation having pre-eclampsia. Statistical analysis of the data done on IBM SPSS Statistics Version.
Results: The incidence of HELLP syndrome in pre-eclampsia was found to be 9.25%. The major maternal complications were placental abruption (35.14%), acute renal failure (16.22%), eclampsia (5.4%), papilledema (5.41%), PRES (5.41%), DIC (5.41%), maternal mortality (8.11%) in cases of HELLP syndrome while low birth weight (48.64%) respiratory distress syndrome (35.14%), meconium aspiration syndrome (18.9%), IUD (10.81%), NICU admission (37.84%), NND (10.81%) were neonatal complications.
Conclusions: HELLP syndrome in pre-eclampsia is associated with significant maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality and early detection and prompt management is the key for a better maternal and perinatal outcome.
Cerebroplacental ratio and its relation to poor perinatal outcomes in singleton pregnancies: a cross sectional study in a tertiary care centre of Eastern India
Authors: Kumari Swati , Das Samita , Pravalina Rachita
Published: June 2023

Background: Detection of fetal growth abnormalities by fetal monitoring is a critical component of perinatal care. Cerebroplacental ratio (CPR), as measured by colour Doppler, has recently been demonstrated to be a reliable indicator of foetus health. CPR is calculated as ratio of pulsatility index of middle cerebral artery (MCA) and umbilical artery (UA).  When blood is redistributed in the early stages of hypoxia in favour of cerebral circulation, the diastolic flow amplitude increases above normal levels in MCA while umbilical flow in diastole decreases, providing CPR. This study aims to investigate the relationship between CPR and adverse perinatal outcomes.
Methods: After institutional ethical approval, a 2-year study was conducted on 226 pregnant women of age group 18-45 years with singleton pregnancies at 34-38 weeks with informed consent in a tertiary hospital in Eastern part of India. The MCA and UA pulsatility index were calculated using a doppler scan on each patient. When the cerebroplacental ratio is <1 it is deemed abnormal. The perinatal outcomes were observed and their associations were evaluated.
Results: There were 68/226 (30%) women had abnormal CPR (<1). CPR<1 was significantly associated with unfavourable perinatal outcomes (prematurity, low birth weight, NICU admission and perinatal hypoxia) with p value < 0.001.
Conclusions: CPR is important tool in predicting an unfavourable perinatal outcome.
Ultrasound assessment of foetal head-perineum distance prior to induction of labour as a predictor of successful vaginal delivery: a prospective study from a tertiary care hospital of Rajasthan
Authors: Choudhary Neeraj , Verma Savitri , Gandhi Sudha , Monga Anuradha , Charan Vimla , Kumari Asha
Published: June 2023

Background: Induction of labor (IOL) is one of the most frequent obstetric procedures require for various obstetrics indications in 13-20% of term. Traditionally success of induction has been determined by Bishop score, but this score is observer based and significant inter observer disagreements have been noted. Ultrasound can help obstetricians in counselling patients before induction of labour and explain the probability of successful induction. So in this study we did ultrasound assessment of foetal head-perineum distance prior to induction of labour as a predictor of successful vaginal delivery.
Methods: All eligible women who are planned for induction of labour will undergo ultrasound assessment of foetal head–perineum distance prior to induction of labour. Transvaginal ultrasound will also be performed using ultrasound probe to measure cervical length. After the scans, prevaginal examination will be performed to assess the various components of modified Bishop score (min 0, max 10). If cervix is found unfavourable, induction of labour will be done. If patient did not go into active labour, then induction will be considered unsuccessful) or else oxytocin drip in cases where cervix is found favourable. The patients will be followed up till delivery.
Results: Out of 125 patients enrolled for the study, 101 women delivered successfully vaginally and 24 had to undergo caesarean delivery. Of these 24 cases of caesarean delivery, 11 cases were excluded as the operative procedure was performed for indication not related to unsuccessful induction such as occurrence of foetal distress in labour, thick meconium-stained liquor with unfavourable cervix. The final analysis was performed from 114 subjects (101 vaginal births and 13 caesarean births).
Conclusions: Transperineal fetal head–perineum distance is less painful as less time consuming and less acceptable by patients compare to Transvaginal measurement of cervical length and painful digital examination for bishop score.