bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh kualitas Layanan Dan Kualitas Produk Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan
Authors: Novia Mirna Ayu , Semmaila Baharuddin , Imaduddin Imaduddin
Published: March 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas layanan melalui (Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, assurance, Emphaty) terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas produk melalui (fungsi, fitur, keandalan, kesesuaian, usia produk, estetika, perceived, quality) terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Untuk mengimplementasikan tujuan tersebut maka digunakan analisis deskriptip. uji asumsi klasik, uji validitas dan uji reliabilitas. Hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa kualitas layanan melalui bukti fisik, kehandalan, daya tanggap, jaminan dan empati berpengaruh postif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Kualitas produk melalui fungsi, fitur, keandalan, kesesuaian, usia produk, estetika, perceived, quality berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kepuasan pelanggan . dari kedua variabel bebas yang digunakan dalam menetukan tingkat kepuasan pelanggan, ternyata variabel kualitas produk yang mempunyai pengaruh dominan dalam meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan pada Toko Novia di Pusat Grosir Butung Makassar.

The purpose of this research is to find out the effect of quality of service through (Tangible, Reliability, Responsiveness, assurance, Emphaty) on customer satisfaction. To know the effect of product quality through (functionality, features, reliability, suitability, product age, aesthetics, perceived, quality) on customer satisfaction. To implement these objectives, descriptive analysis is used. classic assumption test, validity test and reliability test. The results found that the quality of service through physical evidence, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy had a significant effect on customer satisfaction. Product quality through functionality, features, reliability, suitability, product age, aesthetics, perceived, quality has a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. of the two free variables used in improving customer satisfaction levels, it turns out that product quality variables have a dominant influence in improving customer satisfaction at Novia Store in Butung Makassar Wholesale Center.
The Roles of the Government Internal Control System to Minimize Corruption Through the Fraud Star
Authors: Umar Haryono , Apriani Ulfah , Purba Rahima Br.
Published: March 2021

The research discussed a pressure, opportunity, as well as rationalization have a positive effect on corruption. However, the system does not weaken the positive influence of opportunity, rationalization, and ability on corruption neither does the internal control strengthen the negative influence of integrity on corruption. Therefore, SPIP in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia must be able to adapt to the COSO theory since the Court is a government body that is specifically characterized as a law enforcing authority to decide a case in court.
Volunteer Impact on Health-Related Outcomes for Seniors: a Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis
Authors: Moore Ainsley , Motaghi Shahrzad , Sadeghirad Behnam , Begum Housne , Riva John J. , Gaber Jessica , Dolovich Lisa
Published: March 2021

Background

Volunteers are increasingly promoted to improve health-related outcomes for community-dwelling elderly without synthesized evidence for effectiveness. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluates the effects of unpaid volunteer interventions on health-related outcomes for such seniors.

Methods

MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane (CENTRAL) were searched up to November 2018. We included English lan­guage, randomized trials. Two reviewers independently identi­fied studies, extracted data, and assessed evidence certainty (using GRADE). Meta-analysis used random-effects models. Univariate meta-regressions investigated the relationship between volunteer intervention effects and trial participant age, percentage females, and risk of bias.

Results

28 included studies focussed on seniors with a variety of chronic conditions (e.g., dementia, diabetes) and health states (e.g., frail, palliative). Volunteers provided a range of roles (e.g., counsel­lors, educators and coaches). Low certainty evidence found that volunteers may improve both physical function (MD = 3.2 points on the 100-point SF-36 physical component score [PCS]; 95% CI: 1.09, 5.27) and physical activity levels (SMD = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.14 to 0.83). Adverse events were not increased.

Conclusion

Volunteers may increase physical activity levels and subject­ive ratings of physical function for seniors without apparent harm. These findings support the WHO call to action on evidence-based policies to align health systems in support of older adults.
The association between frailty and Parkinson’s disease in the ReSPOnD trial
Authors: Smith Natalie , Gaunt Daisy M. , Whone Alan , Ben-Shlomo Yoav , Henderson Emily J.
Published: March 2021

Background: Frailty and Parkinson’s disease (PD) are both highly prevalent in older people, but few studies have studied frailty in people with Parkinson’s. Identifying frailty in this population is vital, to target new interventions to those who would most benefit.

Methods:  Data were collected as part of the double-blind randomised controlled rivastigmine to stabilise gait ReSPonD trial in 130 people with Hoehn and Yahr 2-3, idiopathic PD who had fallen in the year prior to enrolment.  Individuals were assessed at baseline and followed up at 8 months, including determination of frailty status.    

Results: 120 patients attended for follow-up.  At follow-up, the mean (SD) age was 70.2 years (8.0) and MDS-UPDRS total score 91.5 (29.1). Median disease duration was 9.2 years (IQR 4.6 to 13.1), Geriatric Depression Score 4 (IQR 2 to 6). Using the Fried frailty criteria, 31 (26%) were frail and 70 (58%) pre-frail.  In univariable analysis, being female, higher depression score and MDS-UPDRS score was associated with greater frailty. Using ordinal regression, in the multivariable model, being female (Odds ratio [OR] 3.10, 95%CI 1.53 to 6.26, p=0.002), higher total MDS-UPDRS score (OR 2.02, 95%CI 1.42 to 2.87, p<0.0001) and higher depression (OR 1.47, 95%CI 1.05 to 2.06, p=0.03) were associated with higher number of frailty markers.

Conclusion: There was a high prevalence (84%) of pre-frail and frail individuals in patients participating in this RCT. Future research should determine the optimum tool to assess frailty in this at-risk population and delineate the association between Parkinson’s, frailty and health outcomes.
Identifying Patients with Osteoarthritis at Risk of Sarcopenia using the SARC-F
Authors: Lovett Maggie , Negm Ahmed , Ioannidis George , Petrucelli Danielle , Winemaker Mitchell , Adachi Jonathan D. , Papaioannou Alexandra
Published: March 2021

Background

Sarcopenia is an important modifiable risk factor in patients being considered for elective knee or hip replacement as it may be associated with a higher risk of post-operative joint re­placement complications. Our objectives are to determine the prevalence of patients with osteoarthritis at risk of sarcopenia by using the SARC-F tool, and whether risk of sarcopenia is associated with referral to an orthopaedic surgeon.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective review of patients who were 60 years or older assessed at four Canadian musculoskeletal assessment centres. Patients completed the SARC-F as part of their assessment. Multivariable logistic regression analy­ses were conducted to determine association between risk of sarcopenia and the odds of referral to an orthopedic surgeon for surgical consultation.

Results

3,697 patients were included and 67.8% (2,508/3,697) were at risk of sarcopenia. Prevalence was highest in those assessed for hip replacement at 72.3% (635/878). Patients at risk of sarcopenia were more likely to be referred to an orthopaedic surgeon (OR 1.299; SD 1.074-1.571).

Conclusions

Patients with osteoarthritis assessed for joint replacement are at high risk of sarcopenia, particularly individuals undergo­ing potential hip replacement. Patients at risk of sarcopenia are more likely to be referred to orthopaedic surgery for surgical consultation.
Migration und Remittances
Authors: Beischroth-Eberl Julia Maria
Published: March 2021

Remittances have become a very important keyword within the international development discourse. The core purpose of the paper presented is to highlight the enormous potential of remittance-flows to finance and set in motion development processes. Thus, this paper discusses the main facts concerning remittances, demonstrating their positive impact on sustainable economic and social development and poverty reduction on both micro- and macroeconomic levels. To do so, theory is accompanied by several country case studies and interviews with people concerned, representing different types of remittance – characters. Problems arising in this process such as commitments, dependency or relying on remittances are always kept in mind and also dealt with.
Das nemo-tenetur-Prinzip bei außerstrafrechtlicher Pflichterfüllung
Authors: Knippel Tobias Alexander
Published: March 2021

Outside of criminal proceedings, there are various duties of disclosure that challenge the principle of nemo tenetur se ipsum accusare, which states that no person may be compelled to incriminate themselves.

The question arises as to whether or not a legal subject can refuse such disclosure obligations outside of criminal proceedings invoking the nemo tenetur principle, or how such a (sometimes self-convicting) performance of duty affects criminal proceedings.

The author attempts to provide the lawmaker with a systematic concept for answering this question in consideration of the historical, ethical and legal foundation of nemo tenetur, as well as an interpretation of the pertinent jurisdiction.
The Counteridentical Account of Explanatory Identities
Authors: Wilhelm Isaac ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: March 2021

Many explanations rely on identity facts. In this paper, I propose an account of how identity facts explain: roughly, the fact that A is identical to B explains another fact whenever that other fact depends, counterfactually, on A being identical to B. As I show, this account has many virtues. It avoids several problems facing accounts of explanatory identities, and when precisified using structural equations, it can be used to defend interventionist accounts of causation against an objection.
Investigation of the method of processing holes with a rotary cup cutter with surfacing
Authors: Donenbayev Bakytzhan , Sherov Karibek , Mazdubay Assylkhan , Sherov Aybek , Mussayev Medgat , Gabdyssalyk Riza , Ainabekova Saule , Taskarina Aizhan , Tussupova Sayagul
Published: March 2021

This article presents the experimental study results of the process of rotational friction holes boring using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material. As a result of experimental studies, the following quality indicators were achieved: surface roughness within Ra =10÷1,25 micrometer; surface hardness within HB 212-248. Using a cup cutter surfaced by STOODY M7-G material in case of rotational friction boring of large-diameter holes for large-sized parts can improve processing performance in comparison with cutting tools equipped with hard metal plates and provided the required surface roughness. Preliminary calculations showed that the manufacture of cup cutters from non-instrumental materials reduces the cost of the cutting tool by 5-7 times and the cost of the operation by 1.5-2 times.
Endoscopic Suturing for the Prevention and Treatment of Complications Associated with Endoscopic Mucosal Resection of Large Duodenal Adenomas
Authors: Chung Jaeil , Wang Kelly , Podboy Alexander , Gaddam Srinivas , K. Lo Simon
Published: March 2021

Background/Aims: Endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is the primary treatment for duodenal adenomas; however, it is associated with a high risk of perforation and bleeding, especially with larger lesions. The goal of this study was to demonstrate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic suturing (ES) for the closure of mucosal defects after duodenal EMR.Methods: Consecutive adult patients who underwent ES of large mucosal defects after EMR of large (>2 cm) duodenal adenomas were retrospectively enrolled. The OverStitch ES system was employed for closing mucosal defects after EMR. Clinical outcomes and complications, including delayed bleeding and perforation, were documented.Results: During the study period, ES of mucosal defects was performed in seven patients in eight sessions (six for prophylaxis and two for the treatment of perforation). All ES sessions were technically successful. No early or delayed post-EMR bleeding was recorded. In addition, no clinically obvious duodenal stricture or recurrence was encountered on endoscopic follow-up evaluation, and no patients required subsequent surgical intervention.Conclusions: ES for the prevention and treatment of duodenal perforation after EMR is technically feasible, safe, and effective. ES should be considered an option for preventing or treating perforations associated with EMR of large duodenal adenomas.
Associação da vitamina B na esquizofrenia
Authors: Soares Juliana Veras , Capelo Melissa Figueiredo , Sanford Ana Beatriz Aguiar , Mesquita Dara da Silva , Honório Júnior José Eduardo Ribeiro
Published: March 2021

A esquizofrenia é um distúrbio neuropsiquiátrico grave que não só causa uma grande carga de doenças, mas também desafia nossa compreensão de como a mente e o cérebro funcionam. A esquizofrenia afeta em torno de 1% da população mundial, somente no Brasil mais de 2 milhões de pessoas sofrem com esse distúrbio e segundo a Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria, a doença é predominante no sexo masculino e normalmente não é diagnosticada no início. O diagnóstico é baseado em uma constelação de sintomas clínicos e não em um pato mecanismo comum. A vitaminas são compostos orgânicos, necessários  em pequenas quantidades  para  o metabolismo normal e que não  podem  ser  fabricadas  pelas  células  do  corpo. As hidrossolúveis são absorvidas pelo  intestino  e transportadas pelo sistema circulatório até os tecidos em que  serão  utilizadas,  não  são  armazenadas  e  são  facilmente  excretadas  pelos  rins,  por  isso  devem  ser  ingeridas diariamente, neste grupo estão as vitaminas B.  O complexo B pode ser usado como coenzimas no catabolismo de macronutrientes para produzir energia para o corpo humano. Pesquisas demonstram que tratamento auxiliar com vitaminas B com uma alta dose - incluindo B6, B8 e B12 - pode significativamente reduzir sintomas de tratamentos mais do que padrão da esquizofrenia apenas. Uma pesquisa bibliográfica foi feita utilizando as bases de dados Google acadêmico, Scielo, Pubmed e Lilacs, com esquizofrenia, complexo B, vitamina B e espectro de esquizofrenia como descritores. 21 artigos foram incluídos que atenderam os critérios de inclusão. Em conclusão, a administração de vitaminas B6, B9 E B12 tiveram resultados positivos em relação a memória e a sintomas negativos de pacientes esquizofrênicos, também é necessário o desenvolvimento de um novo modelo animal, pois a utilização do atual para o estudo da esquizofrenia ainda não é eficiente.
Relevo de Messene, doação de Cra´tero em Delfos e a iconografia cinegética
Authors: Do Amaral Biazotto Thiago
Published: March 2021

Este artigo analisa o assim chamado Relevo de Messene, buscando conectar sua iconografia à descrição de uma caçada entre Alexandre Magno e Crátero registrada por Plutarco. Será argumentado que o relevo pode ter sido comissionado pelo filho de Crátero durante as primeiras décadas do século III a.C., de forma a legitimar sua posição como regente na Grécia.
Mapejant la ciutat, audiovisualment
Authors: San Cornelio Gemma
Published: March 2021

Per diferents motius i per diferents vies, en les darreres setmanes no deixo de sentir parlar del mapping: l’espectacularitat del mapping de la Sagrada Família durant les festes de la Mercè, la trobada d’un cartell que anuncia un proper esdeveniment de mapping audiovisual sobre la Casa Batlló a Barcelona… Tot això, coincidint amb la preparació d’una presentació per a un congrés on tractem del mapping des d’una perspectiva social i de creació col·lectiva. Però que és això del mapping?
Perspektīvo kosmisko aparātu elektrisko raķešu dzinēju dzesēšanas sistēmu izstrāde
Authors:   , Kravchenko Sergey
Published: March 2021

Promocijas darbs veltīts jaudīgu elektrisko raķešu dzinēju dzesēšanas sistēmu aprēķināšanai un projektēšanai. Darbā pētīti dzinēja termiskā režīma un termodinamiskās bilances jautājumi, atklāts īpašs dzinēja dzesēšanas sistēmas siltuma vadīšanas vienādojums un atrasts tā analītiskais risinājums. Pamatojoties uz šo risinājumu, izstrādāta metodika, algoritms un programma elektrisko raķešu dzinēju dzesēšanas sistēmu aprēķināšanai. Promocijas darba teorētiskos apgalvojumus apstiprina salīdzinoši eksperimenti ar diviem magnetoplazmas dinamiskā dzinēja variantiem: ar savu magnētisko lauku un vienādām pašām izlādēšanās kameras īpašībām, kas darbojas atmosfēras spiedienā – bez dzesēšanas sistēmas un ar dzesēšanas sistēmu. Abi varianti aprobēti, izmantojot darbā izstrādāto metodiku, algoritmu un programmu. Pamatojoties uz iegūtajiem rezultātiem, izveidots un pārbaudīts dzinējs ar ārēju magnētisko lauku, kura vilcējspēks ir pieaudzis vairākkārt ar tādiem pašiem izlādes spraugas raksturlielumiem un iegūtie enerģētiskie parametri atmosfēras spiedienā ir līdzvērtīgi labākajiem ķīmisko raķešu dzinēju paraugiem.
Impact of organic manure on fruit set, fruit retention, yield, and nutritional status in pomegranate (Punica granatumL. “Wonderful”) under water and mineral fertilization deficits
Authors: Abdel-Sattar Mahmoud , Almutairi Khalid F. , Aboukarima Abdulwahed M. , El-Mahrouky Mohamed
Published: March 2021

This research was conducted on mature pomegranate (Punica granatumL. “Wonderful”) trees growing at a site located in North Coast, Matrouh Governorate, Egypt. The aim was to investigate the impacts of different irrigation regimes in combination with different fertilizer regimes on the fruit set, fruit retention, yield, and nutritional status of the trees. The experimental factors were arranged in a split-plot design, with four replicates per treatment combination. The results indicated that all of the characteristics measured, including leaves nutritional status, percentages of fruit set, fruit drop, fruit retention, fruit cracking, fruit sunburn, and marketable fruit, and yield were significantly affected by the interaction between the irrigation treatment which denoted by percentages of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) and fertilizer regime. The application of 75% mineral fertilizer + 25% organic manure under deficit irrigation of 80% ETo increased the yield by an average of 18.23% over the 2 years compared with 100% mineral fertilization under full irrigation, while 50% mineral fertilizer + 50% organic matter under 80% ETo gave the maximum percentage of marketable fruit (86.23% and 86.84% in 2018 and 2019, respectively). The maximum water use efficiency was obtained with the 80% ETo treatment combined with 75% mineral fertilizer + 25% organic manure in both seasons with values of 9.69 and 10.06 kg/m3applied water, respectively. These results demonstrate that under the field conditions at the experimental site, the fruit set and retention could be improved by applying a reduced amount of mineral fertilizer in combination with organic manure and less irrigation water.
Sterowanie i konstrukcje bezszczotkowych silników prądu stałego
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Katedra Elektrotechniki i Podstaw Informatyki, Czmil Sylwester
Published: March 2021

The article presents the working principles and construction of a brushless DC motor. The BLDC motor control methods were discussed, including the division into methods using sensors for determining the rotor position and sensorless methods with an example of implementing BLDC motor control using microcontrollers. High efficiency and high durability as well as falling prices of electronic components and controllers cooperating with BLDC motors in recent years have caused a growing interest in this type of motors. The design of BLDC motors does not require the use of brushes, which in traditional brush motors supply voltage through the commutator to the rotor windings. Brushless motors are characterized by high efficiency, durability and reliability. The use of sensors in BLDC motor control systems increases the number of motor and commutator connections, thereby reducing the reliability of the drive system. For this reason, direct position and speed measurements are often abandoned for the use of sensorless control methods. DC brushless motors have various application areas, and due to their reliability and the ability to control speed, they are used, among others, in electric vehicles, medicine and industry.
Analiza wpływu współ- czynników odbicia światła od powierzchni na obliczenia fotometryczne
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Markowicz Adam , Binkowski Tomasz
Published: March 2021

The article presents the results of simulation tests carried out in the DIALux program concerning the influence of light reflection coefficients on photometric calculations. The analysis was made for two exemplary rooms for various purposes and for different capacities. For each of the rooms, the parameters of the calculation plane have been defined. The lighting fixtures were good depending on the work being done in each of the rooms and the height of the ceiling. The standard reflection coefficients for each room have been pre-assigned. The number of fittings and placement is planned in accordance with the lighting standard. Photometric calculations were made for different values of co-factors, while maintaining the initial values of the other two coefficients. The results obtained were compiled and compared in terms of the impact of variability of coefficients on average illumination and its uniformity. For extreme cases that do not meet the lighting standards, the optimized arrangement of the luminaires was proposed and the results obtained were presented. The research has shown that in the case of the rooms in question, the biggest influence on the results of photometric calculations has the reflectivity of light from the walls. Discrepancies between the intensity obtained in the case of smaller rooms indicate how important factor in the lighting design process is information about the planned interior design.
Performance analysis of write operations in identity and UUID ordered tables
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Penar Maciej
Published: March 2021

Design of the database includes the decision about the physical storage. This is often overlooked as 1) this cannot be expressed in standard SQL and in result each Database Systems have their own way to specify the physical storage and 2) the decision is often made implicitly. This is dangerous situation as many of the databases use B+ trees as table implementation which stores the data physically sorted by some ordering attribute. The choice of the ordering attribute largely affects read and write operations. Commonly, IDENTITY/AUTO_INCREMENT constraint are being chosen as ordering attributes, due to their easy usage and monotonic nature. In some cases ordering tables by the attributes whose values are drawn from uniform distribution leads to better performance in terms of Transactions-Per-Second. Such cases includes situation when data does fit entirely in-memory or when we can limit the set of physical pages being accessed. In the end, however, We cannot entirely say that either monotonic or random attributes are superior. Both have their pros and cons. In this article We present (1) short description of the data structures in contemporary Database Systems, (2) the advantages and the disadvantages of the two common types which are used as the clustering attributes: GUID and IDENTITY, (3) performance analysis of write operation which compare both data types using B+ tree as primary storage and (4) evaluate the efficiency of these bulk load operation using heap files and B+ trees.
Pomiary wysokości i prędkości lotu małego samolotu bezzałogowego z wykorzystaniem rurek Prandtla
Authors:   Politechnika Rzeszowska, Sobaszek Mirosław , Milewski Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

Reliable measurements of the air velocity flowing around the wings of the aircraft and the altitude at which the aircraft is located are necessary for controlling the unmanned aircraft. Due to the need to use automatic flight stabilization processes, unmanned aircraft require a minimal delay in the measuring path. For correct measurement of these quantities, a system based on two measuring lines using backflow tubes was built. This article describes the effects of a research project carried out by the Student Scientific Group of Electronics at the Rzeszów University of Technology, who were seeking a reliable and quick solution with increased accuracy.
Progress Toward High Power Output in Thermionic Energy Converters
Authors: Campbell Matthew F. , Celenza Thomas J. , Schmitt Felix , Schwede Jared W. , Bargatin Igor
Published: March 2021

Thermionic energy converters are solid‐state heat engines that have the potential to produce electricity with efficiencies of over 30% and area‐specific power densities of 100 Wcm−2. Despite this prospect, no prototypes reported in the literature have achieved true efficiencies close to this target, and many of the most recent investigations report power densities on the order of mWcm−2or less. These discrepancies stem in part from the low‐temperature (<1300 K) test conditions used to evaluate these devices, the large vacuum gap distances (25–100 µm) employed by these devices, and material challenges related to these devices' electrodes. This review will argue that, for feasible electrode work functions available today, efficient performance requires generating output power densities of >1 Wcm−2and employing emitter temperatures of 1300 K or higher. With this result in mind, this review provides an overview of historical and current design architectures and comments on their capacity to realize the efficiency and power potential of thermionic energy converters. Also emphasized is the importance of using standardized efficiency metrics to report thermionic energy converter performance data.
Recent Advances in (Dynamic) Kinetic Resolution and Desymmetrization Catalyzed by Chiral Phosphoric Acids
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Xiaoyu
Published: March 2021

Kinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution and desymmetrization are practical methods to produce enantioenriched products from relatively simple racemic or achiral starting materials, which are also sometimes difficult to be accessed by other asymmetric methods. Chiral phosphoric acids, which have been recognized as one of the most powerful chiral organocatalysts to date, have also been extensively applied in the above‐mentioned research fields. In this minireview, we summarized the tremendous development of kinetic resolution, dynamic kinetic resolution and desymmetrization reactions enabled by chiral phosphoric acids since the year of 2016, which were not included in the two previous outstanding reviews by Petersen et al and Dixon et al. A number of examples involving the use of CPA as cooperative catalyst are also included in this review.
BODIPY‐based Fluorescent Probe for Fast Detection of Hydrogen Sulfide and Lysosome‐targeting Applications in Living Cells
Authors: Yue Jinlei , Tao Yuanfang , Zhang Jian , Wang Han , Wang Nannan , Zhao Weili
Published: March 2021

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as an endogenous gaseous signaling agent in many biological activities. Lysosomes are the main metabolic site and play a pivotal role in cells. Herein, we designed and synthesized two new fluorescent probes BDP‐DNBS and BDP‐DNP with a BODIPY core to distinguish H2S. The sensing mechanism is based on the inhibition‐recovery of the photo‐induced electron transfer (PET) process. Through comparing the responsive behaviors of the two probes toward H2S, BDP‐DNBS showed a fast response time (60 s), low limit of detection (LOD, 51 nM), high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, the reaction mechanism was demonstrated by mass spectrometry and fluorescence off‐on mechanism was proved by density functional theory (DFT). Significantly, confocal fluorescence imaging indicated that BDP‐DNBS was successfully used to visualize H2S in lysosomes in living HeLa cells.
MALDI Matrices for the Analysis of Low Molecular Weight Compounds: Rational Design, Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Lissel Franziska
Published: March 2021

The analysis of low molecular weight (LMW) compounds is of great interest to detect small pharmaceutical drugs rapidly and sensitively, or to trace and understand metabolic pathways. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI MS) plays a central role in the analysis of high molecular weight (bio)molecules. However, its application for LMW compounds is restricted by spectral interferences in the low m/z region, which are produced by conventional organic matrices. Several strategies regarding sample preparation have been investigated to overcome this problem. A different rationale is centred on developing new matrices which not only meet the fundamental requirements of good absorption and high ionization efficiency, but are also vacuum stable and “MALDI silent”, i. e., do not give matrix‐related signals in the LMW area. This review gives an overview on the rational design strategies used to develop matrix systems for the analysis of LMW compounds, focusing on (i) the modification of well‐known matrices, (ii) the search for high molecular weight matrices, (iii) the development of binary, hybrid and nanomaterial‐based matrices, (iv) the advance of reactive matrices and (v) the progress made regarding matrices for negative or dual polarity mode.
The integrative business model as a linkage to venture growth: An insight from the outside box of strategic decisions
Authors: Chebo Abdella Kosa , Wubetie Yenesew Ferede
Published: March 2021

The practice of implementing a business model (BM) is at the corporate level of larger firms mostly in a developed economy, and there is a doubt whether the practice of BM existed among small firms of developing economies. There is also a lack of clarity in its contribution to the growth of the small venture in low‐income markets. Therefore, this study tries to uncover the relationship between the subject of integrative BM and venture growth, with an emphasis on strategic decisions. To achieve this, we analyzed data collected from 215 small manufacturing firms in Addis Ababa using structural equation modeling (SEM). The model integrates the internal aspects of BM development with the external aspects and the strategic decisions in determining their direct and indirect contribution to the venture's growth and unlock the aid of integrative BM to small venture growth. The study also links the strategic decisions from the perspective of strategic flexibility, strategic alliance, and competitive advantage and the exercise of firms networking to value creation, proposition, and capturing. To the end, we forwarded implications for practitioners and future research.
Lewis Acidity of Carbon in Activated Carbonyl Group vs. B(C6F5)3 for Metal‐Free Catalysis of Hydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Heshmat Mojgan
Published: March 2021

In this work, using DFT calculations, we investigated Lewis acidities of carbon (in activated carbonyl group) in comparison to the B(C6F5)3 in combination with dioxane as the Lewis base (LB) for metal‐free catalysis of heterolytic H2 splitting and hydrogenation of carbonyl compounds. We found that in case of carbon as the Lewis acid (LA) the reaction is controlled by frontier molecular orbital interactions between the H2 and LA‐LB fragments at shorter distances. The steric effects can be reduced by electrophilic substitutions on the carbonyl carbon. Synergic combination between stronger orbital interactions and reduced steric effects can lower the barrier of the H2 splitting below 10 kcal/mol. With the B(C6F5)3, the H2 splitting is controlled by electrostatic interactions, which cause to form an early transition state. An advantage of employing Lewis acidity of the activated carbonyl carbon for hydrogenation is that the hydride‐type attack and hydrogenation of the C=O bond occur in a single step throughout H2 splitting. Hence, stronger Lewis acidity of the C(C=O) reinforces hydrogenation without prohibition of the hydride delivery.
Azithromycin inhibited oxidative stress and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway
Authors: Xing Yu Wei , Liu Kuan Zhi
Published: March 2021

Azithromycin (AZM) has a therapeutic effect on diabetes, but there is no report on whether AZM has a therapeutic effect on diabetic nephropathy (DN) and its specific mechanism. Cell survival was detected by CCK‐8. The expression of the inflammatory factors TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was determined by ELISA. The expression of inflammatory proteins MCP‐1, NLPR3, and ASC was detected by western blot. The expression of MDA, LDH, and SOD was detected by the appropriate kit. Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry and apoptosis‐related proteins Bcl‐2, Bax, Caspase‐3, 6, 9, and Cleaved caspase‐3, 6, 9 were detected by western blot. In addition, the expression of STAT1 was detected by western blot. AZM can increase the activity of high glucose‐induced podocytes (p < .05). After high glucose induction, the expression of TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 was increased and the expression of MCP‐1, NLPR3, and ASC proteins was also increased (p < .001). When AZM was added, the expression of all the above‐mentioned proteins was decreased (p < .001). In addition, MDA, LDH, and SOD were increased after high glucose induction, while decreased after AZM treatment (p < .001). AZM can inhibit apoptosis and the expression of Bax and Cleaved caspase‐3, 6, 9, and promote the expression of Bcl‐2 (p < .001). Furthermore, the expression of STAT1 was increased after high glucose induction, while the expression of STAT1 was decreased after AZM action (p < .01). By adding a STAT1 agonist IFN‐γ, the effects of AZM on inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes were inhibited (p < .05). AZM inhibited inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis of high glucose‐induced podocytes by inhibiting STAT1 pathway.
Protected area, easement, and rental contract data reveal five communities of land protection in the United States
Authors: Jackson Heather B. , Kroetz Kailin , Sanchirico James N. , Thompson Alexandra , Armsworth Paul R.
Published: March 2021

Land protection efforts represent large societal investments and are critical to biodiversity conservation. Land protection involves a complex mosaic of areas managed by multiple organizations, using a variety of mechanisms to achieve different levels of protection. We develop an approach to synthesize, describe, and map this land protection diversity over large spatial scales. We use cluster analysis to find distinct “communities” of land protection based on the organizations involved, the strictness of land protection, and the protection mechanisms used. We also associate identified land protection communities with socioenvironmental variables. Applying these methods to describe land protection communities in counties across the coterminous United States, we recognize five different land protection communities. Two land protection communities occur in areas with low human population size at higher elevations and include a large amount of protected land primarily under federal management. These two community types are differentiated from one another by the particular federal agencies involved, the relative contributions of smaller actors, and the amount of protection by designations vs. conservation easements or covenants. Three remaining land protection communities have less overall protection. Land in one community is primarily protected by federally managed rental contracts and government managed easements; another is managed by a diversity of non‐federal actors through fee‐ownership and easements; and the third stands out for having the lowest amount of formally recorded protection overall. High elevation and poor quality soils are over‐represented in U.S. protected lands. Rental contracts help fill in gaps in counties with high productivity soil while the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service fills in gaps in low‐elevation counties. Counties with large numbers of threatened species have more and stricter protection, particularly by regional entities like water management districts. The ability to synthesize and map land protection communities can help conservation planners tailor interventions to local contexts, position local agencies to approach collaborations more strategically, and suggest new hypotheses for researchers regarding interactions among different protection mechanisms.
Solid Electrolyte Interphase Growth on Mg Metal Anode: Case Study of Glyme‐Based Electrolytes
Authors: Popovic Jelena
Published: March 2021

Batteries based on Mg metal anodes promise high capacities and dendrite‐free metal deposition, making them one of the most promising candidates for post‐Li(Na) energy‐storage technologies. Herein, for the first time, the fundamental issue of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) growth under open circuit voltage (OCV) conditions in a Mg salt–triglyme electrolyte as observed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is dealt with. The EIS suggests that SEIs are liquid/solid composites where ion transport occurs predominantly via diffusion in the encapsulated liquid. Depending on the salt choice, volume percent of the liquid part of SEI is varied up to one order of magnitude. The surface limiting reaction growth mechanism proceeds through SEI densification or as a consequence of inherent mechanical instabilities.
Endoscopic and histological features of Helicobacter pylori‐negative differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma arising in the antrum
Authors: Takita Maiko , Ohata Ken , Inamoto Rin , Kurebayashi Marie , Takayanagi Syunya , Kimoto Yoshiaki , Suzuki Yuichiro , Ishii Rindo , Ono Kohei , Negishi Ryoju , Minato Yohei , Sakai Eiji , Muramoto Takashi , Matsuhashi Nobuyuki , Ichihara Shin
Published: March 2021

Background and Aim

With the increasing prevalence of persons without Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection, cases of HP‐negative gastric cancer are increasing. Although rare, cases of differentiated adenocarcinoma of the antrum have been reported in HP‐negative patients. We collected cases with such lesions and investigated their endoscopic and histological features.

Methods

Of 1965 consecutive patients with early gastric cancer who underwent endoscopic resection between January 2009 and December 2017, we extracted 9 cases of HP‐negative differentiated adenocarcinoma located in the antrum (HPN‐DAA). The clinical data, endoscopic findings, and histopathological findings were reviewed.

Results

Of the nine patients with HPN‐DAA, seven were male, and the median age was 53.8 years. The tumor arose from the pyloric gland mucosa in all cases. According to the endoscopic findings, the lesions were flat‐elevated or depressed, mimicking varioliform gastritis. Magnifying endoscopy with narrow‐band imaging showed the absence of a clear demarcation line or an irregular microvessel/surface pattern. As for the histopathological findings, eight of the nine lesions were diagnosed as high‐grade dysplasia/intraepithelial neoplasia, while the remaining case was diagnosed as tubular adenocarcinoma with submucosal infiltration. The findings of immunohistochemistry confirmed that three cases were of the intestinal mucin phenotype and six were of the mixed gastric and intestinal mucin phenotype.

Conclusion

HPN‐DAA is a very rarely occurring cancer that had never been recognized earlier. They belong to the new category of HP‐negative cancers, and there seems to be a certain number of such cases.
Open Practical Laboratories in the Neurosciences: An outreach program for neuroscience communication in middle schools
Authors: Miranda Feitosa Leonardo , Ferreira Alves Camila , Ramalho Figueiredo Natália , Leite Nascimento Wilker , Beatriz Adriano da Silva Amanda , Rivera Ikeda Saulo , Shigaeff Nadia , Maximino Caio , Lima‐Maximino Monica
Published: March 2021

The Open Practical Laboratory in the Neurosciences is an outreach program that seeks to improve the knowledge of the neurosciences by elementary school students and to promote better attitudes in relation to neuroscience, science in general, and scientists. It consists in practical and demonstration activities on the theme of the neurosciences. This outreach strategy was applied in four public schools in a municipality in Southeastern Pará, Brazil characterized by low performance in educational reviews in Brazil. Students from both sexes from 9th grade (last grade before high school) were enrolled in the program. The outreach program improved students’ knowledge about the neurosciences, and promoted better attitudes in relation to science and scientists, in comparison to students who did not go through the activities. Results suggest that scientific outreach strategies can produce results beyond immediate increases in knowledge, promoting better attitudes in relation to science.
Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, surveillance, and management of hepatocellular carcinoma associated with vascular liver disease
Authors: Prasad Debi , Nguyen Mindie H.
Published: March 2021

Vascular liver disease (VLD) presents special challenges in the diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCC arising in the setting of vascular liver disease is often thought to be due to elevated hepatic arterial blood flow, rather than progressive fibrosis from chronic inflammation as with other chronic liver conditions such as viral hepatitis, autoimmune, and metabolic liver diseases. Vascular alteration inherent in VLD often impedes HCC non‐invasive diagnosis and loco‐regional treatment that depend on vascular properties found in typical liver environment. Benign and pre‐malignant liver nodules such as focal nodular hyperplasia and hepatocellular adenoma are also more common in certain VLDs, further adding to surveillance and diagnostic challenges. In this synopsis, we aimed to review available literature on the epidemiology, surveillance, diagnosis, and management of HCC in patients with VLD and specifically Budd–Chiari syndrome, congenital porto‐systemic shunts, Fontan‐associated liver disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia.
Active Stabilization of Terahertz Semiconductor Dual‐Comb Laser Sources Employing a Phase Locking Technique
Authors: Zhao Yiran , Li Ziping , Zhou Kang , Liao Xiaoyu , Guan Wen , Wan Wenjian , Yang Sijia , Cao J. C. , Xu Dong , Barbieri Stefano , Li Hua
Published: March 2021

Dual‐comb sources with equally spaced and low phase noise frequency lines are of great importance for high resolution spectroscopy and metrology. In the terahertz frequency range, electrically pumped semiconductor quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) are suitable candidates for frequency comb and dual‐comb operation. Although free running terahertz QCLs can be operated as frequency combs and dual‐comb sources, the phase noise originated from the carrier frequency and repetition rate instabilities are relatively high, which hinders the high precision applications. The locking techniques that have been used for a single laser comb can be, in principle, applied to a dual‐comb laser source. However, the complete locking of dual‐comb lines considerably complicates the implementation of such a system. Here, a method is proposed to stabilize a terahertz QCL dual‐comb source by phase locking one dual‐comb line. Although only one dual‐comb line is locked, it is shown that the phase noise of other dual‐comb lines close to the phase locked line is significantly reduced. Finally, it is demonstrated that the terahertz QCL comb without a control of the repetition rate can produce pulsed‐type waveforms. The demonstrated approach provides a convenient method to actively stabilize terahertz dual‐comb laser sources, which can be further utilized for fast gas sensing and spectroscopy.
When waiting pays off: The impact of delayed goal failure on self‐perception and self‐regulation
Authors: Kliamenakis Argiro , Sobol Kamila
Published: March 2021

Consumers are often exposed to recurrent temptations that might threaten the achievement of their long‐term goals (e.g., savings, diet), and while they might initially resist the temptation, they may find that with the passage of time, they eventually indulge in the goal‐conflicting act. In such instances, does the ultimate goal failure undermine consumers' perceptions of self‐control, or does the mere act of delaying the goal transgression serve to buffer against negative self‐views? In the current research, we term delayed goal failure the sequence of events whereby a consumer initially resists a goal‐conflicting temptation, but upon subsequent exposure to the same temptation, follows through with the goal transgression. Our findings show that delayed (vs. immediate) goal failure allows consumers to maintain positive perceptions of self‐control, particularly when the cause of failure is unspecified (i.e., open to interpretation), allowing consumers to interpret their ultimate decision as thought‐through and justified. Finally, our findings reveal a positive downstream effect of delayed (vs. immediate) goal failure on subsequent self‐regulation, and identify positive perceptions of self‐control as the underlying driver of this effect.
Efficiently compressing 3D medical images for teleinterventions via CNNs and anisotropic diffusion
Authors: Luu Ha Manh , van Walsum Theo , Franklin Daniel , Pham Phuong Cam , Vu Luu Dang , Moelker Adriaan , Staring Marius , VanHoang Xiem , Niessen Wiro , Trung Nguyen Linh
Published: March 2021

Purpose

Efficient compression of images while preserving image quality has the potential to be a major enabler of effective remote clinical diagnosis and treatment, since poor Internet connection conditions are often the primary constraint in such services. This paper presents a framework for organ‐specific image compression for teleinterventions based on a deep learning approach and anisotropic diffusion filter.

Methods

The proposed method, deep learning and anisotropic diffusion (DLAD), uses a convolutional neural network architecture to extract a probability map for the organ of interest; this probability map guides an anisotropic diffusion filter that smooths the image except at the location of the organ of interest. Subsequently, a compression method, such as BZ2 and HEVC‐visually lossless, is applied to compress the image. We demonstrate the proposed method on three‐dimensional (3D) CT images acquired for radio frequency ablation (RFA) of liver lesions. We quantitatively evaluate the proposed method on 151 CT images using peak‐signal‐to‐noise ratio (), structural similarity (), and compression ratio () metrics. Finally, we compare the assessments of two radiologists on the liver lesion detection and the liver lesion center annotation using 33 sets of the original images and the compressed images.

Results

The results show that the method can significantly improve of most well‐known compression methods. DLAD combined with HEVC‐visually lossless achieves the highest average of 6.45, which is 36% higher than that of the original HEVC and outperforms other state‐of‐the‐art lossless medical image compression methods. The means of and are 70 dB and 0.95, respectively. In addition, the compression effects do not statistically significantly affect the assessments of the radiologists on the liver lesion detection and the lesion center annotation.

Conclusions

We thus conclude that the method has a high potential to be applied in teleintervention applications.