Age-related blunting of serial sarcomerogenesis and mechanical adaptations following 4 weeks of maximal eccentric resistance training
Authors: Hinks Avery , Njai Binta , Patterson Makenna , Power Geoffrey 
Published: May 2024

During natural aging, muscles atrophy, which is partly accounted for by a loss of sarcomeres in series. Serial sarcomere number (SSN) is associated with aspects of muscle mechanical function including the force-length and force-velocity-power relationships; hence, the age-related loss of SSN contributes to declining performance. Training emphasizing muscle lengthening (eccentric) contractions increases SSN in young healthy rodents. However, the ability for eccentric training to increase SSN and improve mechanical function in old age is unknown. Older individuals often exhibit a blunted ability for training-induced hypertrophic adaptations. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the sarcomerogenic response to eccentric training in old rats. We hypothesized that old rats would experience a smaller magnitude of serial sarcomerogenesis than young rats, which would correspond to smaller beneficial adaptations in mechanical function as compared with young. Ten young (9 months) and 11 old (33 months) Fisher344/BN F1 rats completed 4 weeks of unilateral isokinetic eccentric plantar flexion training 3 days/week. Pre- and post-training, the plantar flexors were assessed for maximum tetanic torque (ankle angles of 70° and 90°), the torque-frequency relationship (stimulation frequencies of 1-100 Hz), the passive torque-angle relationship (ankle angles of 110-70°), and the torque-angular velocity-power relationship (isotonic loads of 10%-80% maximum). Following post-training testing, rats were sacrificed, and the soleus, lateral gastrocnemius (LG), and medial gastrocnemius (MG) were harvested for SSN assessment by measuring sarcomere lengths with laser diffraction, with the untrained leg used as a control. In the untrained leg/pre-training, old rats had lower SSN in the soleus (−9%), LG (−7%), and MG (−14%), lower maximum torque (−27 to −42%), power (−63%), and shortening velocity (−35%), and greater passive torque (+62 to +191%) than young. Young rats showed 6% increased SSN from the untrained to the trained soleus and MG. In contrast, old rats had no change in soleus SSN, only a 2% increase in MG SSN, and 4% SSN loss in the LG. Young rats saw modest improvements in isometric mechanical function, including a 13% increase in maximum torque at 90° and 4-11% increases in 10-60 Hz torque. Old rats, however, had reductions in maximum torque (−35%), shortening velocity (−46%), and power (−63%), and increased passive torque (+24 to +51%). Altogether, eccentric training induced serial sarcomerogenesis and improved mechanical function in young rats, while old rats exhibited dysfunctional remodelling that led to impaired muscle mechanical performance.

Supported by NSERC.

This is the full abstract presented at the American Physiology Summit 2024 meeting and is only available in HTML format. There are no additional versions or additional content available for this abstract. Physiology was not involved in the peer review process.