bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Host Immunity Biomarkers of Neonatal Sepsis: a Prospective, Multicentre Study in Sub Saharan Africa
Authors: Ezinmegnon Sem , Mommert Marine , Bartolo Francois , Agbota Gino , Darius Sossou , Briand Valérie , d’Almeida Marceline , Alao Maroufou Jules , Dossou-Dagba Ida , Massougbodji Achille , Lausten-Thomsen Ulrik , Pachot Alexandre , Vachot Laurence , Yugueros-Marcos Javier , Brengel-Pesce Karen , Fievet Nadine , Tissieres Pierre
Published: June 2021

Background: Few biomarkers for sepsis diagnosis are commonly used in neonatal sepsis. Whilst host response is increasingly recognized in sepsis pathogenesis and prognosis, there is a need for evaluating the accuracy of new biomarkers targeting host response in regions where sepsis burden is high and medico-economic resources are scarce. The objective of the study is to evaluate diagnostic and prognostic accuracy of biomarkers of neonatal sepsis in Sub Saharan Africa. Methods: Prospective multicentre study conducted between April 2016 and March 2018 in three University hospitals and two sub-urbans healthcare centres in the south Benin region. Patients were followed from birth to 3 months of age. Accuracy of transcriptional (CD74, CX3CR1), proteic (PCT, IL-6, IL-10, IP-10) biomarkers and clinical characteristics to diagnose and prognose neonatal sepsis were measured. At delivery, cord blood from all consecutive newborns were sampled and analysed, and infants were followed for a 12 weeks’ period. Results: From April 17, 2016 through March 12, 2018, a total of 581 newborns were enrolled. One hundred and seventy-two newborns developed neonatal sepsis (29.6%) and death occurred in forty-nine infants (8.4%). Among all tested biomarkers and clinical criteria, CD74/IP-10 ratio showed the best accuracy for neonatal sepsis diagnosis, while PCT accuracy was low. Among biomarkers and clinical criteria studied, only CD74 and PCT were independently associated with mortality, with CD74 showing an elevated predictive accuracy. Conclusion: Cord blood PCT had a low accuracy for diagnosing early onset neonatal sepsis in Sub Saharan African neonates, while CD74/IP-10 ratio had the best diagnostic accuracy. CD74 expression at birth had the best accuracy in prognosing sepsis mortality.Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov registration number: NCT03780712. Registered 19 December 2018. Retrospectively registered
Study on the Diversity of Epiphytic Bacteria on Corn and Alfalfa using Illumina MiSeq/NovaSeq High-throughput Sequencing System
Authors: Wu Mei-Xiao , Tang hui
Published: June 2021

PurposeTo investigate the diversity of the epiphytic bacteria on corn and alfalfa collected in Hengshui city and Xingtai city, hebei province, China.MethodsIllumina MiSeq/NovaSeq High-throughput sequencing systerm was used to conduct Paired-end sequencing of community DNA fragments from surface of corn and alfalfa in Hengshui and Xingtai. QIIME2 and R language were employed to sort and calculate the number of sequences and taxonomic units for each sample. Thereafter, the abundance, distribution, alpha diversity index of species, beta diversity and the differences of abundance among the samples were analyzed. ResultAt phylum level, the advantage bacterium group are Proteobacteria (70%), Firmicutes (13%), Actinobacteria (9%) and Bacteroidetes (7%). The dominant genera are Pseudomonas (8%), Acinetobacter (4%), Chryseobacterium (3%), Hymenobacter (1%). Enterobacteriaceae (24%) are the most predominant bacteria on both corn and alfalfa samples. Alpha diversity analysis and beta diversity analysis showed that the diversity of epiphytic microbial community was significantly affected by plant species, but not by region. The diversity and richness of epiphytic bacterial community of alfalfa were significantly higher than that of corn, yet corn had more LAB than alfalfa samples. ConclusionThis study contributes to expanding our understanding of the diversity of epiphytic microorganisms in corn and alfalfa silage and provide a basis for the selection of raw materials.
Ischemia Is an Efficient Predictor of Significant Coronary Artery Disease in Routine Reports of a Large-scale Clinical Cohort Using Very Low-dose Exercise-first Myocardial Perfusion SPECT
Authors: Chawki Mohammad Bilal , Goncalves Trecy , Boursier Caroline , Bordonne Manon , Verger Antoine , Imbert Laetitia , Perrin Mathieu , Claudin Marine , Roch Veronique , Djaballah Karim , Popovic Batric , Camenzind Edoardo , Marie Pierre-Yves
Published: June 2021

Purpose. This study assesses results from large-scale and real-life routine interpretations by multiple observers of very low-dose exercise-first myocardial perfusion SPECT imaging (MPI) and the correlation of MPI ischemia with subsequent routine reports of coronary stenosis by angiography. Methods. Data from 13,126 routine exercise-MPI reports, from 11,952 patients (31% women), using very low doses of Sestamibi and a high-sensitivity cardiac CZT-camera, were extracted to assess the reporting of significant MPI-ischemia (> 1 left ventricular segment), to determine the normalcy rate for MPI in a group with < 5% pretest likelihood of coronary artery disease (CAD) (n=378), and to assess the ability of MPI to predict a > 50% coronary stenosis in patients with available coronary angiography reports within the next three months of MPI (n=713). Results. The median of patients’ effective dose was 2.51 [IQR: 1.00-4.71] mSv. The normalcy rate was 97%, and the MPI-ischemia rate was independently related to a previous CAD history, the male gender, obesity, and a < 50% resting LV ejection fraction, ranging from 31% with all these risk factors represented, to 2% when there were no risk factors. A > 50% coronary stenosis was significantly predicted by MPI-ischemia, less significantly for mild (odd-ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.61 [1.11-2.32]) than for moderate-to-severe MPI-ischemia (3.91 [2.24-6.84]), and was also impacted by a history of CAD (2.31 [1.56-3.44]), a sub-maximal exercise test (1.61 [1.11-2.34]) and age ≥ 65 years (1.41 [1.00-1.97]). Conclusion. Ischemia is an efficient predictor of significant CAD in routine reports of a large-scale clinical cohort and using a very low-dose exercise-first MPI protocol, although this prediction is enhanced by other variables. This weakly irradiating investigation could likely be repeated at shorter time intervals, especially in targeted patient groups with high risk of ischemia.
Identification of Campylobacter Jejuni and Chlamydia Psittaci From cockatiel (Nymphicus Hollandicus) Using Metagenomics
Authors: Kim Si-Hyeon , Kwon Yong-Kuk , Park Choi-Kyu , Kim Hye-Ryoung
Published: June 2021

BackgroundIn July 2015, the carcasses of 11 cockatiels were submitted for disease diagnosis to the Avian Disease Division of the Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency of Korea. The cockatiels, which appeared dehydrated and underweight, had exhibited severe diarrhea and 22% mortality over 2 weeks. Traditional diagnosis did not reveal the causes of these symptoms. MethodsWe conducted metagenomics analysis on intestines and livers from the dead cockatiels using Illumina high-throughput sequencing. To obtain more accurate and longer contigs, which are required for further genetic characterization, we compared the results of three de novo assembly tools (metaSPAdes, MEGAHIT, and IDBA-UD).ResultsSequence reads of Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) and Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) were present in most of the cockatiel samples. Either of these bacteria could cause the reported symptoms in psittaciformes. metaSPAdes (ver.3.14.1) identified the 1152 bp flaA gene of C. jejuni and the 1096 bp ompA gene of C. psittaci. Genetic analysis revealed that flaA of C. jejuni was recombinant between C. jejuni and Campylobacter coli, and that ompA of C. psittaci isolated from cockatiel was closely related to strains isolated from humans. ConclusionC. jejuni and C. psittaci were detected in cockatiels in the Republic of Korea using metagenomic analysis. This approach is useful for understanding pathogens of pet birds. Three de novo assemblers were compared to obtain accurate contigs from large quantities of reads, and sequences of C. jejuni and C. psittaci generated by metaSPAdes were analyzed.
The gut bacterial natural product colibactin triggers induction of latent viruses in diverse bacteria
Authors: Silpe Justin E. , Wong Joel W. H. , Owen Siân V. , Baym Michael , Balskus Emily P.
Published: June 2021

Colibactin is a chemically unstable small molecule genotoxin produced by multiple different bacteria, including members of the human gut microbiome. While the biological activity of colibactin has been extensively investigated in mammalian systems, little is known about its effects on other microorganisms. Here, we discover that colibactin targets bacteria carrying prophages, inducing lytic development via the bacterial SOS response. DNA, added exogenously, protects bacteria from colibactin, as does expressing a colibactin resistance protein (ClbS) in non-colibactin-producing cells. The prophage-inducing effects we observe apply broadly across taxonomically diverse phage-bacteria systems. Finally, we identify bacteria that possess colibactin resistance genes but lack colibactin biosynthetic genes. Many of these bacteria are infected with predicted prophages, and we show that the expression of their ClbS homologs provides immunity from colibactin-triggered induction. Our study reveals a mechanism by which colibactin production could impact microbiomes and highlights an underappreciated role for microbial natural products in influencing population-level events such as phage outbreaks.
Fermi surface tomography
Authors: Borisenko Sergey , Fedorov Alexander , Andrii Kuibarov , Bianchi Marco , Bezguba Volodymyr , Majchrzak Paulina , Hofmann Philip , Baumgärtel Peter , Voroshnin Vladimir , Kushnirenko Yevhen , Sánchez-Barriga Jaime , Varykhalov Andrei , Ovsyannikov Ruslan , Morozov Igor , Aswartham Saicharan , Feia Oleh , Harnagea Luminita , Kordyuk Alexander , Yaresko Alexander , Berger Helmuth , Büchner Bernd
Published: June 2021

Fermi surfaces, three-dimensional (3D) abstract interfaces that define the occupied energies of electrons in a solid, are important for characterizing and predicting the thermal, electrical, magnetic, and optical properties of crystalline metals and semiconductors [1]. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) is the only technique directly probing the Fermi surface by measuring the Fermi momenta ( kF ) from energy- and angular distribution of photoelectrons dislodged by monochromatic light [2]. Existing electron analyzers are able to determine a number of kF -vectors simultaneously, but current technical limitations prohibit a direct high-resolution 3D Fermi surface mapping. As a result, no such datasets exist, strongly limiting our knowledge about the Fermi surfaces and restricting a detailed comparison with the widely available nowadays calculated 3D Fermi surfaces.
Here we show that using a simpler instrumentation, based on the Fourier electron optics combined with a retardation field of the detector, it is possible to perform 3D-mapping within a very short time interval and with very high resolution. We present the first detailed experimental 3D Fermi surface recorded in the full Brillouin zone along the kz-direction as well as other experimental results featuring multiple advantages of our technique. In combination with various light sources, including synchrotron radiation, our methodology and instrumentation offer new opportunities for high-resolution ARPES in the physical and life sciences.
Finding a rIsk assessmeNt moDel for thromboembolic events in hospItalized Cancer pATiEnts: the INDICATE study running title: thromboembolism in hospitalized cancer patients
Authors: Nichetti Federico , Ligorio Francesca , Montelatici Giulia , Porcu Luca , Zattarin Emma , Provenzano Leonardo , Franza Andrea , Lalli Luca , De Braud Filippo , Platania Marco
Published: June 2021

Background: Hospitalized cancer patients are at increased risk for Thromboembolic Events (TEs). As untailored thromboprophylaxis is associated with hemorrhagic complications, the definition of a risk-assessment model (RAM) in this population is needed. Objectives: INDICATE was an observational study enrolling hospitalized cancer patients, with the primary objective of assessing the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) for TEs during hospitalization and within 45 days from discharge of low-grade Khorana Score (KS=0). Secondary objectives were to assess KS Positive Predictive Value (PPV), the impact of TEs on survival and the development of a new RAM. Materials and Methods: Assuming 7% of TEs in KS=0 patients as unsatisfactory percentage and 3% of as satisfactory, 149 patients were needed to detect the favorable NPV with one-sided a= 0.10 and power=0.80. Stepwise logistic regression was adopted to identify variables included in a new RAM.Results: Among 535 enrolled patients, 153 (28.6%) had a KS=0. The primary study objective was met: 29 (5.4%) TEs were diagnosed, with 7 (4.6%) cases in the KS=0 group (NPV=95.4%, 95%CI: 90.8-98.1%; one-sided p=0.084). However, the PPV was low (5.7%, 95%CI: 1.9-12.8%); a new RAM based on albumin (OR 0.34, p=0.003), log(LDH) (OR 1.89, p=0.023) and presence of vascular compression (OR 5.32, p<.001) was developed and internally validated. Also, TEs were associated with poorer OS (median, 5.7 vs 24.8 months, p <.001).Conclusion: INDICATE showed that the KS has a good NPV but poor PPV for TEs in hospitalized cancer patients. A new RAM was developed, and deserves further assessment in external cohorts.
Coaxial Drainage Versus Standard Chest Tube After Pulmonary Lobectomy: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Bassi Massimiliano , Mottola Emilia , Mantovani Sara , Amore Davide , Pagini Andreina , Diso Daniele , Poggi Camilla , Vannucci Jacopo , De Giacomo Tiziano , Rendina Erino Angelo , Venuta Federico , Anile Marco
Published: June 2021

Objectives: Chest tubes are routinely inserted after thoracic surgery procedures in different size and numbers. The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of Smart Drain Coaxial drainage compared with two standard chest tubes in patients undergoing thoracotomy for pulmonary lobectomy.Methods: Ninety-eight patients (57 males and 41 females, mean age 68.3±7.4 years) with lung cancer undergoing open pulmonary lobectomy were randomized in two groups: 50 received one upper 28-Fr and one lower 32-Fr standard chest tube (ST group) and 48 received one 28-Fr Smart Drain Coaxial tube (SDC group). Hospitalization, quantity of fluid output, air leaks, radiograph findings, pain control and costs were assessed.Results: We performed 33 right upper lobectomies (17 ST, 16 SDC), 25 right lower (15 ST, 10 SDC), 20 left upper (8 ST, 12 SDC) and 19 left lower (10 ST, 9 SDC). SDC group showed shorter hospitalization (7.3 vs 6.1 days, p=0.02), lower pain in postoperative day-1 (p=0.02) and a lower use of analgesic drugs (p=0.04). Pleural effusion drainage was lower in SDC group in the first postoperative day (464±143 ml vs 408±141 ml, p=0.04) and regarding the average of the first three days (374±96 ml vs 324±95 ml, p=0.01). No difference in terms of fluid retention, residual pleural space, subcutaneous emphysema and complications after chest tubes removal was found. Conclusions: Smart Drain Coaxial chest tube seems a feasible option after thoracotomy for pulmonary lobectomy. The SDC group showed a shorter hospitalization and a decreased analgesic drugs use and, thus, a reduction of costs.
Evolución de un sistema de partidos: Cali 1990-2015
Authors: Gutiérrez Luis Eduardo
Published: June 2021

Este artículo explora la evolución del sistema de partidos en la ciudad de Cali entre los años 1990 hasta 2015. El foco está orientado al comportamiento electoral de los partidos y la composición de los concejos en el lapso estudiado. Con base en el empleo de indicadores tales como el Número Efectivo de Partidos y el Número de Partidos se hace una descripción del sistema y también un breve análisis de dos cambios institucionales: la constitución de 1991 y la reforma política de 2003. El autor concluye que los dos partidos tradicionales pasaron de ser la fuerza dominante a participar en escenarios más competitivos perdiendo la hegemonía de la representación política
Sesenta años de las revistas de psicología en Colombia
Authors: Ossa Julio César , Cudina Jean Nikola
Published: June 2021

En el año de 1956 Mateo Mankeliunas fundó, en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, la primera publicación especializada de la disciplina: Revista de psicología. Desde entonces han transcurrido 60 años de producción científica y académica de la psicología en el país. Es por ello que dedicamos esta Editorial a los proyectos que han marcado y moldeado la historia de las publicaciones científicas de la psicología en Colombia. Empezaremos primero por caracterizar el devenir histórico de los proyectos editoriales de la psicología colombiana para llegar a un campo de tensión donde mostramos que esos proyectos -60 años después- quedan en un limbo
The relationship between the human development index, free time and weekly hours worked by the Brazilian population
Authors: Klafke Renata
Published: June 2021

This study aims to analyze the evolution of the weekly working hours (WWH) of the Brazilian population in relation to its free time and the Human Development Indicator (HDI) from 2008 to 2012. In this study, data were collected from the National Sample Household Survey (NSHS) and from the United Nations Development Programme for Development (PNUD). The data were systematically compared by determining the temporal correlations between the HDI, WWH, housework and Brazilian workers’ free time. A gender subgroup was analysed in order to observe different inferences for each of these categories and its relationship with work. The results show that the HDI is directly proportional to the WWH for women and inversely proportional to the WWH for men. It was also found that the number of weekly working hours was higher for women than it was for men. Over the years, women have made a greater contribution to the development of the HDI than men, mainly due to increases in their presence in the labour market, combined with the reduction in gender inequality in society.
Compreensão da matemática no uso de símbolos e da gramática
Authors: Da Silveira Marisa Rosâni Abreu
Published: June 2021

Este artigo tem o objetivo de analisar a compreensão da matemática pelo uso de seus símbolos e regras da gramática de sua linguagem. O significado do símbolo está no seu uso e a significação do conjunto de regras está na aplicação de tais regras em diferentes contextos. A linguagem matemática é codificada e segue regras que definem conceitos matemáticos. A aprendizagem da matemática depende da prática dessa linguagem e o conhecimento do funcionamento da linguagem matemática pode ser encontrado nos jogos de linguagem envolvendo professor e alunos. Para tanto, nos apoiaremos na filosofia da linguagem de Wittgenstein e de alguns comentadores de sua filosofia.
Medios de comunicación y accionar político: apuntes para una fenomenología de la mediocracia en Colombia
Authors: Hernández Albarracín Juan Diego , Lasso Urbano Carlos , Pallarés Piquer Marc , Niño Magali Alba
Published: June 2021

Se pretende en este escrito, hacer una crítica a las formas hegemónicas de comunicación que intervienen como actores políticos en Colombia, para configurar posiciones de sujeto afines a los intereses del poder de los que hoy forman parte. Por lo anterior, el trabajo se estructura de la siguiente manera. Primero, se hace una crítica al capitalismo cultural a partir de la lectura deleuziana y su articulación con las empresas informativas. Segundo, revisar la experiencia del conflicto armado colombiano (CAC) vista a partir de las matrices de verdad construidas por los medios de comunicación de masas para colonizar los mundos de vida y se finaliza con la interpretación del concepto de mediocracia, de Danny Schechter, que convierte el medio en actor político servil a las sociedades de control. Así, proponemos un recorrido para aportar a la revisión crítica del poder mediático y su papel determinante en los acontecimientos políticos en Colombia.
Relación entre competencias ciudadanas, acreditación de instituciones y programas académicos
Authors: Camacho Castañeda Marvid Carolina , Gutiérrez Ciro Mauricio , Perdomo Gamboa Daniel Leonardo , Gabalán Coello Jesús , Vasquez-Rizo Fredy Eduardo
Published: June 2021

En este artículo se hace un estudio acerca de la relación entre la acreditación institucional y de programas y los resultados en el componente competencias ciudadanas, de la prueba censal Saber Pro, aplicada en Colombia. Para ello, se efectúa un análisis descriptivo e inferencial en instituciones de educación superior (IES) del Eje Cafetero colombiano, en elque se comparan diversas variables asociadas a estos procesos, tanto en instituciones y programas acreditados como en los que no lo están, durante los años 2016 a 2018, tendiente a demostrar la existencia de dicha relación y su aporte en términos de valor agregado para los sujetos que presentan la prueba, para las instituciones que los cobijan y para la sociedad que ambos pretenden impactar.
Sınıfında Özel Gereksinimli Öğrenci Bulunan Genel Eğitim Öğretmenlerinin Özel Eğitim Danışmanlığına İlişkin Görüşleri
Authors: IŞITAN Hacer Damlanur , DAYI Eylem
Published: June 2021

Giriş: Özel eğitim danışmanlığı özel gereksinimli öğrencilerin öğrenme ve davranış problemlerini önleme amacıyla sunulan etkili destek eğitim hizmetlerinden biri olarak görülmektedir. Bu araştırma sınıfında özel gereksinimli öğrenci bulunan genel eğitim öğretmenlerinin özel eğitim danışmanlığına ilişkin görüşlerini belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır.Yöntem: Araştırmada temel nitel araştırma deseni kapsamında yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme tekniği kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın katılımcılarını sınıfında özel gereksinimli öğrenci bulunan okul öncesinde, birinci, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıfta öğretmenlik yapan toplam yedi öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir.Bulgular: Verilerin analizi sonucunda bulgular araştırma soruları kapsamında ele alınarak genel sınıf ortamı, sınıfta yaşanan problemler, öğretmenlerin problemleri çözme yöntemleri ve özel eğitim danışmanlığına duyulan gereksinim ve beklentiler başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Bireysel eğitim planı (BEP) hazırlama, davranış problemleriyle başa çıkma, karşılaştıkları sorunların çözümü için dışarıdan yardıma ihtiyaç duyma, kaynaştırma uygulamasıyla ilgili yetersiz bilgi ve uygulama becerilerine sahip olduklarını düşünme gibi konular öğretmenlerin en sık dile getirdiği alanlar olarak görülmüştür. Araştırma bulguları öğretmenlerin sınıflarında farklı sorunlar yaşadıklarını ve sorunların çözümünde özel eğitim danışmanlığına ihtiyaç duyduklarını göstermiştir.Tartışma: Öğretmenlerle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda iş birliği içeren özel eğitim danışmanlığının öğretmen ve öğrenciler açısından kaynaştırma uygulaması sürecinde kolaylaştırıcı bir unsur olacağı düşünülmektedir.Sonuç: Araştırma sonuçları kapsamında kaynaştırma uygulamalarının başarılı bir şekilde sürdürülmesi için özel eğitim uzman desteği ve iş birliğinin sağlanması gerektiği vurgulanmaktadır.
Nanobiosensors for Pathogenic Agents Detection
Authors: Beltrán-Pineda Mayra , Peña-Solórzano Diana , Sierra César Augusto
Published: June 2021

Conventional methods to detect pathogenic microorganisms can be wasteful, expensive, and not very sensitive. Due to these limitations, approaches based on nanotechnology and the development of new diagnostic tests are emerging as alternative methods. Resulting from the unique electrical, magnetic, luminescent, and catalytic properties of nanomaterials, rapid and cost-effective diagnostic tests have been developed to recognize the presence of microbial pathogens or some of their components in different samples. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview and an update regarding the use of several nanomaterials as biosensors, among which are gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and quantum dots. The application of these biosensors has opened a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and materials science.
Asociación de polimorfismos en los genes CAPN y CAST con propiedades fisicoquímicas de la carne bovina: una revisión
Authors: Saucedo Uriarte José Américo , Cayo Colca Ilse Silvia , Diaz Quevedo Clavel , López Lapa Rainer Marco
Published: June 2021

Las propiedades fisicoquímicas como terneza, color, jugosidad, sabor, marmoleo, pH y capacidad de retención de agua, son consideradas como los atributos que tienen mayor importancia en la calidad de la carne. El manejo pos mortem influye en el funcionamiento del sistema proteolítico de las enzimas μ-calpaínas y calpastatinas, que están codificadas por los genes CAPN1 y CAST, respectivamente. Esta revisión muestra las asociaciones de los polimorfismos CAPN1 y CAST con el fin de explicar las propiedades fisicoquímicas antes mencionadas, que determinan las características relacionadas con la calidad de la carne. Existen polimorfismos de CAPN1 y CAST asociados a propiedades fisicoquímicas particulares de la carne, pero no todos los polimorfismos se asocian con las propiedades mencionadas. La actividad del sistema proteolítico de las enzimas varía según el manejo peri y post mortem. La presencia o ausencia de un polimorfismo varía entre razas. Por consiguiente, las asociaciones de polimorfismos de nucleótido simple con las propiedades fisicoquímicas de la carne mencionadas en esta revisión podrían ayudar a mejorar los indicadores de calidad de la carne bovina.
Uso da homeopatia no gado de leite como modulador da função hepática: uma revisão
Authors: Pinheiro Jessyca Karen , Henriques Lara Toledo , Gonzaga Neto Severino , Signoretti Ricardo Dias , Oliveira Juliana Silva de , Pinheiro Jovanna Karine , Alves Júnior Renato Tonhá
Published: June 2021

A homeopatia pode ser utilizada na pecuária leiteira como uma alternativa segura aos antibióticos, capaz de reduzir a expansão da resistência microbiana, ao passo que mantém a saúde dos rebanhos. No entanto, os compostos homeopáticos podem também ser usados como protetores do fígado, podendo atuar na modulação da função hepática. Os medicamentos homeopáticos a base de plantas podem ser utilizados como agentes hepatoprotetores, uma vez que possuem a capacidade de prevenir e reparar desordens hepáticas que comumente acometem vacas em lactação. Assim, o conhecimento das propriedades terapêuticas de plantas permite a elaboração de preparos homeopáticos, capazes de preservar a saúde dos animais de produção. Baseado nisso, objetivou-se com esta revisão discorrer sobre compostos vegetais utilizados na homeopatia como hepatoprotetores e seus efeitos no metabolismo hepático e na resposta produtiva de animais ruminantes em lactação.
Adsorption/desorption performance of Pb2+ and Cd2+ with super adsorption capacity of PASP/CMS hydrogel
Authors: Wang Hao , Zhao Baiyun , Wang Li
Published: June 2021

Super-absorbent polyaspartic acid/carboxymethyl Salix psammophila powder (PASP/CMS) hydrogel was prepared by aqueous solution polymerization. PASP/CMS hydrogel was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results showed that PASP/CMS hydrogel is prepared by graft copolymerization of the -COOH of polyaspartic acid (PASP) and the -CH2OH of CMS. The surface of the hydrogel became dense from loose porosity, and Pb2+ and Cd2+ were adsorbed onto the surface of hydrogel. The crystallinity of CMS was destroyed by the addition of PASP. The initial concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+, pH, adsorption time and adsorption temperature on the adsorption effect were studied through experiments. Results showed that hydrogel has a good removal effect on Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models are represented in the process, which are spontaneous, exothermic and decreased in randomness, and it is a single layer chemical adsorption. At the same time, the effect of desorption experimental parameters (HNO3 initial concentration, desorption time, and desorption temperature) on the experiment was studied and optimized.
Distribution of Left Ventricular Thrombus among Patients with Significantly Impaired Systolic Function
Authors: Alranini Ibrahim Abdullah , Kheirallah Hatim , Alfonso Juan Jaime , Al Fagih Ahmed R.
Published: June 2021

Background:

The prevalence of Left Ventricular (LV) thrombus as well as the distribution among patients with a variable degree of left ventricular systolic
function impairment due to various etiologies is not well known.

Objectives:

To describe the distribution of left ventricular thrombus in relation to the underlying pathology, i.e., ischemic versus non-ischemic cardiomyopathy
with Ejection Fraction (EF) below 45%.

Methods:

All echocardiography studies performed between January 2013 and September 2017 were reviewed, and only those with confirmed LV thrombus
were included. The patient’s demographic, clinical characteristics, cardiac history, and echocardiographic parameters were obtained. The cohort
was divided into 4 subgroups: 22 patients with EF of 36 - 45% (A), 114 with 26% - 35% (B), 99 with 16 - 25% (C) and 48 with 15% or less (D).

Results:

A total of 63,732 echocardiography study results were reviewed. Only 282 patients were proved to have LV thrombus with EF less than 45%. 217
(77%) patients had previous myocardial infarction, of which 212 (97.7%) were presented with anterior regional wall motion abnormality. 90
(32.7%) patients were found to have dilated left ventricle, and 41 (14.5%) with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). 37 (13.2%) patients had
moderately severe to severe mitral regurgitation. It was observed that the highest distribution of LV thrombus was seen in group B (40.3%).

Conclusion:

The majority of LV thrombus distribution was seen in patients with EF between 26% to 35% due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. Conversely, in the
cohort of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy, the majority were observed in those with severely impaired LV function.
Diverticular Disease of the Vermiform Appendix - Is it a Distinctive Clinico- Pathological Entity?
Authors: Ben-Ishay Offir , Abdalqader Narmeen , Zohar Yaniv , Kluger Yoram
Published: June 2021

Background:

Diverticular disease of the appendix [DDOA] is a rare occurrence. Although acquired in nature, its impact on the disease process of appendicitis is
not well-defined. The purpose of the current study is to include a comprehensive clinico-pathological definition of the disease through a
retrospective single-center cohort analysis with a prospective pathological re-evaluation.

Methods:

A retrospective analysis of post-appendectomy patients over a period of 16 years [2000-2015] was carried out. Patients with DDOA were identified
and compared to a control group of patients with acute appendicitis. Histology was re-evaluated prospectively by a senior pathologist. Primary
measures of the outcome included clinical and surgical differences. Pathological macroscopic differences between the two groups and a
comprehensive description of the DDOA itself were performed.

Results:

6846 post appendectomy patients were operated on during the study period, and 127 [1.9%] were diagnosed with DDOA. The DDOA group
showed significantly higher age, longer duration of complaints, and a different clinical presentation. Operative time was significantly longer in the
study group and had higher rates of severe postoperative complications such as postoperative bleeding, need for ICU recovery, and need for
postoperative mechanical ventilation. All diverticula were pseudo-diverticula and were significantly shorter and wider. Multivariate analysis
showed that age, length, and width of the appendix were independently associated with DDOA.

Conclusions:

The results of this study suggest that DDOA is an independent clinical entity, showing differences in etiology, clinical presentation, and
postoperative outcome. Prospective studies are needed to assess whether the preoperative diagnosis is feasible and will change conventional
surgical management.
Small Molecule Regulators Targeting NAD+ Biosynthetic Enzymes
Authors: Cen Yana , Curry Alyson , White Dawanna
Published: June 2021

:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is a key player in many metabolic pathways as an activated carrier of electrons. In addition to being the cofactor for redox re-actions, NAD+ also serves as the substrate for various enzymatic transformations such as adenylation and ADP-ribosylation. Maintaining cellular NAD+ homeostasis has been sug-gested as an effective anti-aging strategy. Given the importance of NAD+ in regulating a broad spectrum of cellular events, small molecules targeting NAD+ metabolism have been pursued as therapeutic interventions for the treatment of mitochondrial disorders and age-related diseases. In this article, small molecule regulators of NAD+ biosynthetic enzymes will be reviewed. The focus will be given to the discovery and development of these mole-cules, the mechanism of action as well as their therapeutic potentials.
Effect of PCSK9 on Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Functions: A New Player in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Xiang Qiong , Liu Wen Feng , Zeng Jing Lin , Deng Yi Ming , Peng Juan , Liu Hui Ting , Ren Zhong , Jiang Zhi Sheng , Liu Lu Shan , Tang Zhi Han
Published: June 2021

Proprotein convertase subtilisin/Kexin type 9 (PCSK9) is a secretory serine
protease that plays multiple biological functions in the regulation of physiological and
pathological processes. PCSK9 inhibitors decrease the circulating LDL-cholesterol level
with well-known preventive and therapeutic effects on atherosclerosis (AS). Still, increasing
evidence shows that the direct impact of PCSK9 on the vascular wall also plays
an important role in atherosclerotic progression. Compared with other vascular cells, a
large proportion of PCSK9 is originated from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC).
Therefore, defining the effect of VSMC-derived PCSK9 on response changes, such as
phenotypic switch, apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation, foam cell formation, and calcification
of VSMC, helps us better understand the “pleiotropic” effects of VSMC on the
atherosclerotic process. In addition, our understanding of the mechanisms of PCSK9 controlling
VSMC functions in vivo is far from enough. This review aims to holistically
evaluate and analyze the current state of our knowledge regarding PCSK9 actions affecting
VSMC functions and its mechanism in atherosclerotic lesion development. A mechanistic
understanding of PCSK9 effects on VSMC will further underpin the success of a
new therapeutic strategy targeting AS.
Revealing the Promoting Effect of Betaine on Vitamin B12 Biosynthetic
Pathway of Pseudomonas denitrificans by Using a Proteomics Analysis
Authors: Li Kun-tai , Yang Yong , Cheng Xin
Published: June 2021

Background:

Our previous comparative metabolomics research revealed that betaine (N,N,Ntrimethylglycine,
a typically essential methyl-group donor for vitamin B12 biosynthesis) had powerful
promoting effect on the generation of vitamin B12 precursors and intermediates in vitamin B12-producing
Pseudomonas denitrificans. However, the integral effect of betaine on the vitamin B12 biosynthetic
pathway is still unclear.

Objective:

Considering the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway of P. denitrificans as a whole, this work
aimed to reveal the biological function of betaine on the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway in P. denitrificans,
which would sharpen and expand understanding of betaine as the methyl-group donor for vitamin
B12 biosynthesis.

Materials and Methods:

By using a proteomics method based on the iTRAQ technique, the present
study compared and analyzed the differential expression of proteins involved in vitamin B12 biosynthetic
pathway under 10 g/L betaine in addition to P. denitrificans fermentation medium.

Results:

The results showed that betaine could significantly up-regulate the expression of proteins related
to the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway, which was mainly reflected in the following three aspects: 1)
the δ-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and porphobilinogen synthase that were responsible for the
formation of the committed precursors for tetrapyrrole-derived macrocycle in vitamin B12 molecule; 2)
the C-methylation-related enzymes (such as precorrin-4 C(11)-methyltransferase, precorrin-2 C(20)-
methyltransferase, precorrin-8X methylmutase, and precorrin-6Y C5,15-methyltransferase) and methionine
synthase that were crucial to the C-methylation reactions for vitamin B12 biosynthesis; 3) the latestage
key enzymes (Cobaltochelatase, and Cob(I)yrinic acid a,c-diamide adenosyltransferase) that were
related to cobalt chelation of vitamin B12 molecule.

Conclusions:

The present study demonstrated clearly that betaine could significantly promote the expression
of the integral enzymes involved in the vitamin B12 biosynthetic pathway of P. denitrificans, thus
promoting vitamin B12 biosynthesis.
Proteasome Activator Blm10 Regulates Transcription Especially During Aging
Authors: Chen Yu-Shan , Han Xia , Lin Kui , Jiang Tian-Xia , Qiu Xiao-Bo
Published: June 2021

Background:

Histones are basic elements of the chromatin, and are critical to controlling chromatin structure and transcription. The proteasome activator PA200 promotes the acetylation-dependent proteasomal degradation of the core histones during spermatogenesis, DNA repair, transcription and cellular aging, and maintains the stability of histone marks.

Objective:

The study aimed to explore whether the yeast ortholog of PA200, Blm10, promotes degradation of the core histones during transcription and regulates transcription especially during aging.

Method:

Protein degradation assays were performed to detect the role of Blm10 in histone degradation during transcription. mRNA profiles were compared in WT and mutant BY4741 or MDY510 yeast cells by RNA-sequencing.

Results:

The core histones can be degraded by the Blm10-proteasome in the non-replicating yeast,
suggesting that Blm10 promotes the transcription-coupled degradation of the core histones. Blm10
preferentially regulates transcription in aged yeast, especially transcription of genes related to translation,
amino acid metabolism, and carbohydrate metabolism. Mutations of Blm10 at
F2125/N2126 in its putative acetyl-lysine binding region abolished the Blm10-mediated regulation
of gene expression.

Conclusion:

Blm10 promotes degradation of the core histones during transcription and regulates transcription especially during cellular aging, further supporting the critical role of PA200 in maintaining the stability of histone marks from the evolutionary view. These results should provide meaningful insights into the mechanisms underlying aging and the related diseases.
In Silico Analysis of CCGAC and CATGTG Cis-regulatory Elements
Across Genomes Reveals their Roles in Gene Regulation under Stress
Authors: Bhadouriya Sneha Lata , Suresh Abhishek , Gupta Himanshu , Mehrotra Sandhya , Gupta Divya , Mehrotra Rajesh
Published: June 2021

Background:

Plant yield closely depends on its environment and is negatively affected by abiotic stress conditions like drought, salinity, heat, and cold. Analysis of the stress-inducible genes in Arabidopsis has previously shown that CCGAC and CATGTG play a crucial role in controlling the gene expression through the binding of DREB/CBF and NAC TFs under various stress conditions, mainly drought and salinity.

Methods:

The pattern of these motifs is conserved, which has been analyzed in this study to find the mechanism of gene expression through spacer specificity, inter motif distance preference, functional analysis, and statistical analysis for four different plants, namely Oryza sativa, Triticum aestivum, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Glycine max.

Results:

The spacer frequency analysis has shown a preference for particular spacer lengths among four genomes. The spacer specificity at all the spacer lengths which predicts dominance of particular base pairs over others, was analyzed to find the preference of the sequences in the flanking region. Functional analysis on stress-regulated genes for saline, osmotic, and heat stress clearly shows that these motif frequencies with inter motif distance (0-30) in the promoter region of Arabidopsis are highest in genes which are upregulated by saline and osmotic stress and downregulated by heat stress.

Conclusion:

Microarray data were analyzed to confirm the role of both motifs in stress response pathways. Transcription factors seem to prefer larger motif size with repeated CCGAC and CATGTG elements. The common preference for one spacer was further validated through Box and Whisker’s statistical analysis.
Estrogen Receptor 1 Gene rs22346939 and rs9340799 Variants are Associated with Major Depressive Disorder and its Clinical Features
Authors: Ozsoy Filiz , Nursal Ayse F. , Karakus Nevin , Demir Meral O. , Yigit Serbulent
Published: June 2021

Objective:

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a major health problem worldwide. Estrogen
interacts with the central nervous system and has been shown to affect anxiety and depressive
behavior. Estrogen mediates its effects by connecting its receptors, estrogen receptors 1 and 2.
The purpose of this case-control study was to clarify the association between MDD risk and estrogen
receptor 1 (ESR1) gene variants.

Methods:

This study included 245 individuals (125 MDD patients and 120 healthy controls). Polymerase
Chain Reaction (PCR) and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) technics
were used for genotypingESR1XbaII (rs9340799) and PvuII (rs22346939) variants.

Results:

There were statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of genotype
frequencies of the ESR1PvuII (-397 T > C) variant (p = 0.049) but not for the XbaII (-351 A > G)
variant (p > 0.05). However, a correlation was observed between MDD and ESR1XbaII variant after
male participants were excluded (p = 0.028). Also, the high pain score of MDD patients was associated
with the ESR1PvuII variant, especially in female patients (p = 0.021). According to the results
of combined genotype analysis, AA-TC combined genotype was correlated with a decreased
risk in patients with MDD compared to controls (p = 0.016), while the combined genotype of GGCC
was associated with increased risk in the patients with MDD compared to controls (p = 0.042).

Conclusion:

The two ESR1 variants were associated with MDD risk and its features in both individual
and combined forms.
Withdrawal Notice: The Role of the Central Histaminergic System in Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia
Authors: Xia Chenzhong , Zhao Zexian , Yu Lina , Yan Min
Published: June 2021

The article has been withdrawn at the request of the authors and editor of the journal Current Neurovascular Research.

Bentham Science apologizes to the readers of the journal for any inconvenience this may have caused.

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Serum Levels of ARMS2, COL8A1, RAD51B, and VEGF and their Correlations in Age-related Macular Degeneration
Authors: Battu Priya , Sharma Kaushal , Rain Manjari , Singh Ramandeep , Anand Akshay
Published: June 2021

Background:

Many factors including genetic and environmental are responsible for the
incidence of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD). However, its pathogenesis has not been
clearly elucidated yet.

Objective:

This study aimed to estimate the Age-Related Maculopathy Susceptibility 2 (ARMS2),
Collagen type VIII Alpha 1 chain (COL8A1), Rad 51 paralog(RAD51B), and Vascular Endothelial
Growth Factor (VEGF) protein levels in serum of AMD and control participants and to further investigate
their correlation to understand AMD pathogenesis.

Methods:

For this case-control study, 31 healthy control and 57 AMD patients were recruited from
Advanced Eye Centre, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
A blood sample was taken and serum was isolated from it. ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent
assay) was used for the estimation of proteins in the serum of patients.

Results:

ARMS2 and COL8A1 levels were significantly elevated in the AMD group than in the
control group. The highest levels of ARMS2, COL8A1, and VEGF proteins were recorded for the
wet AMD sub-group. The study results endorsed significant positive correlation between these following
molecules; ARMS2 and COL8A1 (r = 0.933, p<0.0001), ARMS2 and RAD51B (r =
0.704, p<0.0001), ARMS2 and VEGF (r = 0.925, p<0.0001), COL8A1 and RAD51B (r = 0.736,
p<0.0001), COL8A1 and VEGF (r = 0.879, p<0.0001), and RAD51B and VEGF (r = 0.691,
p<0.0001).

Conclusion:

The ARMS2 and COL8A1 levels were significantly higher and RAD51B was significantly
lower in the AMD group than controls. Also, a significant statistical correlation was detected
between these molecules, indicating that their interaction may be involved in the pathogenesis
of AMD.
Does Dysbiosis Increase the Risk of Developing Schizophrenia? - A Comprehensive Narrative Review
Authors: Novais Filipa , Capela Joana , Machado Sergio , Murillo-Rodriguez Eric , Telles-Correia Diogo
Published: June 2021

Background:

There is increasing evidence regarding the influence of the intestinal microbiota
on the disease processes of various organs and systems. Dysbiosis, that is, alteration of the
composition and function of the microbiota may constitute an important risk factor for the development
of mental disorders, namely, schizophrenia.

Objective:

This works aims to review current evidence regarding the pathological mechanisms leading
from dysbiosis to schizophrenia and in particular the deficit syndrome in schizophrenia.

Methods:

Scientific articles from PubMed, SCOPUS, EMBASE, and Web of Science Core Collection
published between September 2017 and December 2020 were included in this review.

Results:

The commensal intestinal flora plays an important role in neurodevelopment. In the presence
of dysbiosis, this maturation gets disturbed, resulting in the modification of brain structures
and inflammatory responses at the intestinal, systemic, and Central Nervous System (CNS) levels.
These disturbances may be linked to the development of symptoms of the disease. The microbiota
exerts its influence on the CNS through several pathways, however, in this paper we focused on the
membrane hypothesis and the inflammatory hypothesis. We explored the evidence concerning the
use of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal transplants.

Conclusion:

Although there is no consensus regarding the alterations that could constitute a risk
factor for schizophrenia, some of the species appear to be more frequently altered, and their relationship
with the host is dysregulated in patients at risk and with established schizophrenia, particularly
in deficit schizophrenia.