bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengajaran Tuhan Yesus Mengenai Berbahagia Dalam Matius 5:3-12
Authors: Patandean Yohanes Enci
Published: June 2020

Yohanes Enci Patandean, Preaching the Lord Jesus to be blessed in Matthew 5: 3-12. This article discusses the preaching of the Lord Jesus concerning of blessing in Matthew 5: 3-12 and analyzed there are three points to be analyzed, that is the understanding of blessing, blessing objects/goals and the reasons why should be blessed. The method that used is descriptive with a qualitative approach to the biblical text, and word analysis methods. In the text of Matthew 5: 3-12, Jesus teaches about blessed which includes the standard of living of the blessed people and the reasons why believers should be blessed. Jesus gives the preaching of blessing which includes the standard of living of a happy person is poor before God; mourning; gentle; hunger and thirst for righteousness; generous; sacred heart; bring peace; persecuted by righteousness; blemished and persecuted for Christ; and slandered all evil. Yohanes Enci Patandean, Pengajaran Yesus Mengenai Berbahagia Dalam Matius 5:3-12. Artikel ini membahas tentang pengajaran Tuhan Yesus mengenai berbahagia dalam Matius 5:3-12 dan dianalisis ada tiga hal pokok yang menjadi analisis yaitu pengertian berbahagia, sasaran/objek berbahagia serta alasan-alasan mengapa harus berbahagia. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif pada teks Alkitab, dan metode analisis kata. Dalam teks Matius 5:3-12, Yesus memberikan pengajaran mengenai berbahagia yang mencakup standar hidup orang-orang yang berbahagia serta alasan-alasan mengapa orang-orang percaya harus berbahagia.Yesus memberikan pengajaran mengenai berbahagia yang mencakup standar hidup orang-orang yang berbahagia dan standar hidup orang yang berbahagia ialah miskin di hadapan Allah; berdukacita; lemah lembut; lapar dan haus akan kebenaran; murah hatinya; suci hatinya; membawa damai; dianiaya oleh sebab kebenaran; dicela dan dianiaya karena Kristus; difitnahkan segala yang jahat.
Mendisiplin Anak Menurut Prinsip Kristen
Authors: Emiyati Ayang
Published: June 2020

Ayang Emiyati, Disciplining Children According to Christian Principles. This article describes the treatment of disciplining children in Christian principles. To explain about disciplining children in the Christian principle, the author do literature review which then arranged systematically according to the construction of the concept of the author builds. Discipline is essentially necessary in the education of the child, only disciplinary action requires a wisdom and a love. Violent treatments are not the only way of discipline and discipline is not violence. Some things to consider in implementing discipline are to give priority to love in discipline, to use advises as a way of educating children, praying to surrender children to God, and make a beating as the last way in disciplining children.  Ayang Emiyati, Mendisiplin Anak Menurut Prinsip Kristen. Artikel ini memaparkan tentang tindakan mendisiplin anak dalam prinsip Kristen. Untuk memaparkan tentang mendisiplin anak dalam prinsip Kristen, penulis melakukan kajian literatur yang kemudian disusun secara sistematis sesuai konstruksi konsep yang penulis bangun. Disiplin pada intinya diperlukan dalam pendidikan anak, hanya tindakan mendisiplin memerlukan suatu hikmat dan adanya kasih.  Tindakan kekerasan bukanlah jalan satu-satunya dalam mendisiplin dan disiplin bukanlah suatu kekerasan. Beberapa hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam melaksanakan disiplin adalah mengutamakan kasih dalam mendisiplin, memakai nasihat sebagai jalan yang dalam mendisiplin anak, doakan dan serahkan anak tersebut pada Tuhan, dan jadikan pukulan sebagai jalan terakhir dalam mendisiplin.
Strategi Pelayanan Lintas Budaya Berdasarkan Markus 4:1-34
Authors: Harming H , Katarina K
Published: June 2020

Harming & Katarina, Cross-cultural Service Strategy based on Mark 4: 1-34. The author conducted a study of the text of Mark 4: 1-34 using qualitative research literature study using the biblical hermeneutic principle. Based on the analysis of the text of Mark 4: 1-34 the authors find there are four cross-cultural service strategies namely by understanding local culture, using media. Harming & Katarina, Strategi Pelayanan Lintas budaya Berdasarkan Markus 4:1-34. Penulis melakukan penelitian terhadap teks Markus 4:1-34 dengan menggunakan penelitian kualitatif studi pustaka dengan menggunakan prinsip hermeneutik Alkitab. Berdasarkan analisis terhadap teks Markus 4:1-34 penulis menemukan ada empat strategi pelayanan lintas budaya yaitu dengan memahami budaya lokal, menggunakan media yang ada dalam budaya, memberdayakan potensi yang ada, dan menciptakan terobosan.
Jadikanlah Murid: Tugas Pemuridan Gereja Menurut Matius 28:18-20
Authors: Darmawan I Putu Ayub
Published: June 2020

Make Disciples: The Duty of Church Discipleship According to Matthew 28: 18-20. This article discusses the task of church discipleship according to Matthew 28: 18-20. The author conducted a literature study to understand the intent of Matthew 28: 18-20 and to carry out the construction of the task of discipleship in the church. The task of discipleship, Jesus addressed his disciples, then proceeded to their successors who lived in a community of faith to carry out the task of discipleship. In the task of discipleship, the community of faith in a church as an institution takes action to proclaim the good news so that every nation can be part of a community of faith in Jesus Christ. In discipleship, everyone who enters the community of faith in Christ is accepted without distinction, because this task is a multicultural task. Teaching is an important part of the discipleship task. Teaching is done in order to strengthen new believers or new students enter the community of faith in Jesus, then they become disciples of the Lord Jesus who can be sent to disciple others. Jadikanlah Murid: Tugas Pemuridan Gereja Menurut Matius 28:18-20. Artikel ini membahas tentang tugas pemuridan gereja menurut Matius 28:18-20. Penulis melakukan studi pustaka untuk memahami maksud Matius 28:18-20 dan melakukan konstruksi tugas pemuridan gereja. Tugas pemuridan, Yesus tujukan kepada para murid-murid-Nya, kemudian dilanjutkan oleh pada penerus mereka yang hidup dalam sebuah komunitas iman untuk menjalankan tugas pemuridan tersebut. Dalam tugas pemuridan, komunitas iman dalam sebuah gereja sebagai suatu institusi melakukan tindakan pergi untuk mewartakan kabar baik sehingga setiap bangsa dapat menjadi bagian dari komunitas iman pada Yesus Kristus. Dalam pemuridan, setiap orang yang masuk dalam komunitas iman pada Kristus, diterima dengan tanpa membedakan mereka, sebab tugas ini adalah tugas yang multikultural. Pengajaran merupakan bagian penting dalam tugas pemuridan. Pengajaran dilakukan agar dapat memantapkan orang-orang yang baru percaya atau murid-murid baru masuk ke dalam komunitas iman pada Yesus, kemudian mereka menjadi murid Tuhan Yesus yang dapat diutus untuk memuridkan orang lain.
Tema-Tema Theologis Khotbah Yesus Di Bukit Dalam Injil Matius 5:1-7:29
Authors: Patandean Yohanes Enci , Hermanto Bambang Wiku
Published: June 2020

The Kingdom of God is the main teaching Jesus teached trough the Sermon on the mountain.  Jesus’ sermon on the mountain may called a basic teaching of Jesus.  All teachings, advices and answers from someone or people group afterward consist to His teachings in the sermon on the mountain.  The Christians are well known to the text of the sermon on the muntain but did not hold the teaching as a foundation in thinking dan deeds in daily life.  Jesus’ main teaching is transformation.  The listener in the ancient time or the reader today, who confess as a citizen of the Kingdom of God couraged ti live not only obey the law literally, but must have deepest acknowledgment about the law and live according to the new deepest sight about the law.  The transformation that become Jesus’ most important teaching are about transformation in personal life, social life, personal spirituality life and communal spirituality life. Kerajaan Allah adalah inti dari khotbah Tuhan Yesus yang disampaikan di atas bukit, atau yang lebih dikenal dengan Khotbah di Bukit.  Khotbah di Bukit dapat juga disebut sebagai inti atau dasar pengajaran Tuhan Yesus.  Semua pengajaran, nasihat dan jawaban yang diberikan atas pertanyaan orang-orang secara pribadi maupun kelompok orang, bersesuaian dengan pengajaran-Nya melalui Khotbah di Bukit.  Orang Kristen tidak asing dengan pengajaran dalam Khotbah di Bukit, tetapi belum semua orang Kristen menjadikan ajaran dalam Khotbah di Bukit sebagai dasar pijakan dalam hidup dan tindakan sehari-hari.  Inti dari jaran Tuhan Yesus dalam Khotbah di Bukit adalah pembaruan.  Para pendengar dan pembaca masa kini, yang mengaku sebagai “warga Kerajaan Allah” didorong untuk hidup bukan saja berpatokan pada hukum yang tertulis; dalam hal ini Hukum Taurat, tetapi pada pemahaman yang lebih dalam dan mendasar atau hakiki dari hukum Tuhan tersebut.  Pembaruan yang menjadi tekanan Tuhan Yesus meliputi kehidupan pribadi, dalam kehidupan bersosial, kerohanian pribadi dan kerohanian komunal atau hidup keagamaan.
Merajut Kembali Komunitas Damai: Studi Landasan Biblis Dan Teologis Resolusi Konflik
Authors: Supratikno Agus
Published: June 2020

"REINFORCING PEACEFUL COMMUNITIES": The Study of Biblical and Theological Foundations for Conflict Resolution. Studi  Landasan Biblis dan Teologis Untuk Membangun Komunitas Damai. Plurality which is considered as a nation's wealth, it also turns out to be the cause of the emergence of conflicts with nuances of ethnicity, race and religion. Unfortunately political elites often politicize issues based on ethnic and religious sentiments to gain power. They did not consider the serious effects that were caused as a result of the politicization of ethnic and religious issues. Horizontal conflicts with nuances of religion and ethnicity that have occurred in various regions in Indonesia, such as in Ambon, Poso, Kalimatan, are more often triggered by the politicization of religious and ethnic issues or initially the conflict is not caused by ethnic or religious problems, but often the conflict brought to the realm of religion so as to make the conflict increasingly enlarged and inevitable. This writing is an effort to explore the biblical and theological foundation for an effort to build a peaceful community post the conflict. This study uses hermeneutic studies and the library research methods by utilizing library resources both books and journals related to conflict resolution.  MERAJUT KEMBALI KOMUNITAS DAMAI”: Studi  Landasan Biblis dan Teologis untuk Resolusi Konflik. Pluralitas yang dianggap sebagai suatu kekayaan bangsa, ternyata juga bisa menjadi penyebab munculnya konflik bernuansa suku, ras dan agama. Sayangnya para elite politik justru sering mempolitisasi isu-isu berdasarkan sentimen suku dan agama untuk meraih kekuasaan. Mereka  tidak mempertimbangkan dampak serius yang ditimbulkan sebagai akibat politisasi isu suku dan agama. Konflik-konflik horizontal bernuansa agama dan suku yang pernah terjadi di berbagai daerah di Indonesia, seperti di Ambon, Poso, Kalimatan, lebih sering dipicu oleh adanya politisasi terhadap isu agama dan suku. Pada awalnya konflik tersebut bukanlah disebabkan oleh masalah agama, tetapi seringkali konflik tersebut dibawa ke ranah agama sehingga menjadikan konflik semakin membesar dan tak terelakkan.Tulisan ini adalah sebuah upaya menggali landasan biblis dan teologis bagi suatu upaya merajut kembali komunitas damai pasca konflik.  Penelitian ini menggunakan metode perpaduan antara studi hermeneutik dan literatur dengan memanfaatkan sumber-sumber pustaka baik buku maupun jurnal yang berkaitan dengan topik yang dibahas.
Método fônico ou método global para alfabetizar crianças das camadas populares? (1930-1980)
Authors: Veloso Geisa , Cordeiro Regina
Published: June 2020

Inserido no âmbito da História Cultural, o artigo tem por objetivo discutir representações, práticas e resistências produzidas em torno do método fônico e do método global de alfabetização. A pesquisa retoma memórias de alfabetizadoras e conteúdos em circulação entre as décadas de 1970 e 1980 — período em que Minas Gerais implanta o Projeto Alfa e propõe o método fônico para alfabetizar. Foi utilizada a história oral para reconstituir a memória coletiva, captar discursos, prescrições e práticas que colocaram metodologias de alfabetização em oposição. Foi constatado que o método global era considerado o mais adequado, mas, na década de 1970, as professoras adotam o método fônico — adoção que se processa em meio a resistências e forte oposição no Grupo Escolar Gonçalves Chaves.
Palavras-chave: Alfabetização. Método Fônico. Método Global. Resistência. História da Educação.
Application of Recent Developments in Deep Learning to ANN-based Automatic Berthing Systems
Authors: Lee Daesoo , Lee Seung-Jae , Yu-Jeong Seo
Published: June 2020

Previous studies on Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based automatic berthing showed considerable increases in performance by training ANNs with a set of berthing datasets. However, the berthing performance deteriorated when an extrapolated initial position was given. To overcome the extrapolation problem and improve the training performance, recent developments in Deep Learning (DL) are adopted in this paper. Recent activation functions, weight initialization methods, input data-scaling methods, a higher number of hidden layers, and Batch Normalization (BN) are considered, and their effectiveness has been analyzed based on loss functions, berthing performance histories, and berthing trajectories. Finally, it is shown that the use of recent activation and weight initialization method results in faster training convergence and a higher number of hidden layers. This leads to a better berthing performance over the training dataset. It is found that application of the BN can overcome the extrapolated initial position problem.
A New Method for Fault Current Limiting and Voltage Compensating in Power Systems Using Active Superconducting Current Controller
Authors: Ghafari Ahmad , Saniei Mohsen , Razaz Morteza , Saffarian Alireza
Published: June 2020

In this paper, a new method for both fault current limiting and voltage compensating using Active Superconducting Current Controller (ASCC) is proposed. The main objective of this paper is to present an appropriate control strategy for ASCC to achieve both the fault current limiting and voltage compensation purposes. Three different operating modes are defined for ASCC including normal mode, fault current limiting mode, and voltage compensation mode and a proper control strategy is designed for each mode. For the fault current limiting, the model of a typical three-phase system with ASCC is simulated and different states for current limiting in different levels are defined. Also, for the voltage compensating mode, the PI model for the line is considered and the line transmission matrix is obtained when the ASCC is connected at the sending end and middle of the line. Finally, proper settings for ASCC are determined such that the magnitude of the receiving end and the sending end voltages become equal. Simulation results using MATLAB software confirm the proper performance of the proposed method.
Guía de recomendación ached-schge para el funcionamiento de las unidades de endoscopia durante el brote de coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Díaz M. Alex , Cortés G. Pablo , Heredia P. Carolina , González D. Robinson , Silva F. Verónica , Bufadel G. María Ester , Araya J. Raúl , Moscoso J. Felipe , Donoso G. Felipe , Montenegro U. Cristián
Published: June 2020

El brote de la enfermedad denominada COVID-19, se ha extendido desde su origen en Wuhan, provincia de Hubei, China, a todo el mundo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud lo declaró pandemia en marzo de 2020. Todos los países de América, en especial Chile, presentan incremento de casos y fallecidos. Las manifestaciones clínicas de COVID-19 van desde una enfermedad leve, hasta insuficiencia respiratoria severa, shock, disfunción orgánica y muerte. Se necesita una alta sospecha clínica y una adecuada estratificación del riesgo. El equipo de salud en las unidades de endoscopia, tiene un mayor riesgo de COVID-19 que otras unidades clínicas y de apoyo diagnóstico, dada la mayor exposición a inhalación de gotas, contacto posible con mucosas y contaminación por contacto con deposiciones. Recomendaciones de diferentes sociedades colocan la endoscopia digestiva (especialmente la esofagogastroscopia o endoscopia digestiva alta, EDA) entre los procedimientos generadores de aerosoles (PGA) de alto riesgo. Además, se han encontrado virus viables en las deposiciones de los pacientes. Potencialmente, los profesionales de la salud infectados podrían contagiar a los pacientes. Se ha demostrado que la prevención y control de infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud (IAAS), son efectivos para garantizar la seguridad tanto del personal de salud, como de los pacientes. Esto no es solamente el correcto uso del equipo de protección personal (EPP), sino que se basa en una clara estrategia de IAAS, bien comunicada, con estratificación de riesgo, uso de EPP e intervenciones correctas en pacientes con riesgo moderado y alto. Es relevante un enfoque sobre los limitados recursos, dado la simultaneidad del brote en todos los países, que afecta la disponibilidad de insumos. La Sociedad Chilena de Gastroenterología (SChGE) y la Asociación Chilena de Endoscopia Digestiva (ACHED) publican esta guía actualizada para apoyar las buenas prácticas contra COVID-19, tanto para pacientes como para el equipo de salud. Esta guía podrá tener actualizaciones según avance la información disponible.
Numerical Modelling of the Behaviour of the Cervical Spine under the Effect of a Flexion / Extension
Authors: Damba Nadir , OUDRANE Abdellatif , AOUR Benaoumeur , BENNOUNA Mohammed Salah , BELKAHELLA Nabil ,   Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials (LABAB), B.P: 1523 El Mnaour, ENPO-MA, 31000, Oran, (Algeria).,   Department of Science and Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Ahmed Daria University of Adrar, 01000, (Algeria),   Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials (LABAB), B.P: 1523 El Mnaour, ENPO-MA, 31000, Oran, (Algeria).,   Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials (LABAB), B.P: 1523 El Mnaour, ENPO-MA, 31000, Oran, (Algeria).,   Laboratory of Applied Biomechanics and Biomaterials (LABAB), B.P: 1523 El Mnaour, ENPO-MA, 31000, Oran, (Algeria).
Published: June 2020

Numerical simulation is today widely used in several fields of engineering, and research undertaken for more than 20 years concerning the geometric and mechanical modeling of the spine gradually leads to clinical applications of major interest. Indeed, the in vivo and in vitro evaluation tools pose a certain number of limitations: non-standardized procedures and inter-specimen variability for in vitro tests, medical, ethical constraints, and inter-individual variability for in vivo. These limitations are actually obstacles to comparison. It is notably within the framework of implant comparisons that the methods of structural calculation, and more particularly finite element modeling, widely used in classical mechanics, find their usefulness. in this context, this present work consists in developing a three-dimensional model of the cervical spine, in order to subsequently optimize the fitting of disc prostheses
Control and automation of Asynchronous motor using Fuzzy logic
Authors: BOUZIDI Mohammed , HARROUZ Abdelkader , Mansouri Smail ,   Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Science and Technology, University Center of Tamanrasset, Algeria,   Department Sciences and Technology, Laboratory (LDDI), Faculty of Science and Technology, University Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria,   Laboratory of Energy, Environment and Systems of Information (LEESI), University Ahmed Draia Adrar, Algeria.
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we present the design of an intelligent approach based on adaptive fuzzy logic applied to the speed controller for a three-phase asynchronous motor. In this way, the main objective of applying the technique of fuzzy logic for the control of the speed of rotation with the variation of the resistance of the rotor, also to obtain a variable of high performance of the speed drive system and the stability of the electromechanical system in the region at high and low speed.
Investigation on Wind Power Generation for Different Heights on Bechar, South West of Algeria
Authors: Dahbi Mamer , Sellam Mebrouk , Benatiallah Ali , HARROUZ Abdelkader ,   Department of Science and Technology, ENERGARID Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria,   Department of Science and Technology, ENERGARID Laboratory, University of Bechar, Bechar, Algeria,   Department of Hydrocarbons and Renewable Energies, Faculty of Science and Technology, Laboratory (LEESI), University Ahmed Draia, Adrar, Algeria,   Departement of Sciences and Technology, LDDI Laboratory, University of Adrar Algeria
Published: June 2020

The wind energy is one of the most significant and rapidly developing renewable energy sources in the world and it provides a clean energy resource, which is a promising alternative in the short term in Algeria. The main purpose of this paper is to present, the wind potential in Bechar (Southwest of Algeria) and to discuss the potential for electricity generation based on the local weather data for different heights and typical wind turbine characteristics. A case studied investigation allows wind speed and wind power density to be obtained using different hub heights, and the annual power generated and annual operating hours by the wind turbine to be simulated.
LEARNING ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPETENCES: PARADOXES IN THE LEARNING PROCESS
Authors: Kakkonen Marja-Liisa
Published: June 2020

The purpose of the longitudinal study was to ascertain to what extent students’ entrepreneurial competences developed on the degree programme. The study examined the perceptions of the students by mixing different research methods. The findings indicated that the learning objectives of the degree programme are realistic for the first-year students to be achieved. There lies the first paradox: self-regulation in learning is expected, yet the students may lack the abilities for self-directed learning and meta-cognitive learning strategies. Secondly, use of creativity is expected to some extent, yet the students are not sufficiently encouraged and supported by teachers. Thirdly, the entrepreneurial attitudes of the students were quite positive, yet the attitudes remained stable or declined during studies. Forthly, the programme had a positive influence on the development of business competences, but not on entrepreneurial intention. It can be concluded that there is a need for changes in pedagogy and learning environment, if the aim is to promote the entrepreneurial competences of students more and increase their new business creation.
INNOVATION PERFORMANCE WITHIN A REGIONAL AGROFOOD SUPPLY CHAIN - THE PATTERN OF PRODUCTIVE SPECIALIZATION OF TAGUS VALLEY
Authors: Oliveira Pedro Miguel , Natário Maria Manuela Santos
Published: June 2020

This paper aims to analyse the innovation performance, within a set of economic activities - namely the regional agrofood supply chain - that characterize the pattern of productive specialization of Tagus Valley, under the hypothesis of several determinant factors, of entrepreneurial and/or territorial nature, framed by an analysis model extensible to other regions.  Following an investigation of interpretative nature, methodology for collecting data was guided through triangulation of sources: direct observation; semi-structured interviews to individuals representing the various categories of agents involved, and documentary research. These were complemented with an inquiry to business agents, whose data were subject to statistical treatment. Besides the identification of an important set of deficits of institutional nature, inhibitors of innovation performance, the study also allowed formulating various proposals for the purpose of territorial governance, highlighting the need to strengthen the transfer of knowledge to the micro and small companies engaged in agricultural activities. In general, this paper proposes an analytical framework to a better understanding of innovation dynamics in any region according to its specificities including the role of public institutions in this process.
Aspectos geográficos e culturais de uma região cultural pomerana no sul do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Romig Karen Laiz Krause , Pitano Sandro De Castro , Noal Rosa Elena
Published: June 2020

Este artigo tem como objetivo principal evidenciar, por meio da identificação e análise de aspectos geográficos e culturais, a existência de uma região cultural pomerana no sul do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Ao longo do estudo são relatados códigos culturais e aspectos visíveis da paisagem geográfica dos quatro municípios envolvidos na pesquisa: São Lourenço do Sul, Canguçu, Pelotas e Arroio do Padre. Nesses munícipios foi desenvolvido trabalho de campo e realizadas observações sistemáticas, além de 20 entrevistas distribuídas por diferentes localidades da região de abrangência da pesquisa. Ao final do estudo foi possível representar cartograficamente a região cultural pomerana no sul do estado gaúcho, baseado nos dados e informações obtidos ao longo da investigação
Disponibilidade e qualidade da água para irrigação no território indígena Rio Formoso, na transição cerrado/Amazônia, Mato Grosso-Brasil
Authors: Melo Martins Toledo de , Queiroz Tadeu Miranda de
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi quantificar e qualificar a água para a irrigação nos mananciais da Terra Indígena Rio Formoso em Tangará da Serra, Mato Grosso – Brasil, no contexto de importante polo agrícola brasileiro. Delimitaram-se cinco bacias hidrográficas com cinco pontos de coleta e amostragens em 12 meses seguidos, a partir de agosto/2016.  Foram avaliadas 15 variáveis: nitrogênio (N), fósforo (P), temperatura (T), turbidez (Tu), sólidos totais (ST), potássio (K+), cálcio (Ca2+), magnésio (Mg2+), cloretos (Cl-), bicarbonatos (HCO3-), condutividade elétrica (CE), potencial hidrogeniônico (pH), coliformes termotolerantes (C.T.), alcalinidade (Alc) e sódio (Na+) e calculada a razão de absorção de sódio (RAS) e a dureza (Du GHF). Os resultados revelaram risco nulo de salinização, toxidade e risco severo de sodificação. O potencial hidrogeniônico é baixo e a temperatura da água ficou acima de 25 ºC. A concentração de coliformes termotolerantes em três pontos prejudica o cultivo de folhosas que são consumidas cruas. As desconformidades encontradas indicam que o uso da água deve ser feito com acompanhamento técnico especializado para evitar danos irreversíveis ao solo e equipamentos. Não há limitação de quantidade de água com vazão disponível outorgável de 1,884 m³ s-¹.
Espaço de ação de criminosos e sua correlação com a paisagem urbana: um estudo de análise centrográfica e distribuição de atratores para o crime
Authors: Faria Antonio Hot Pereira de , Diniz Alexandre Magno Alves , Alves Diego Filipe Cordeiro
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar o espaço de ação de criminosos em série em nível individual, a partir de uma perspectiva longitudinal, realizando estatísticas centrográficas dos eventos perpetrados e analisá-las em relação à paisagem urbana, quanto à distribuição de equipamentos urbanos (facilities), a fim de verificar se esses funcionam como atrativos para o cometimento de crimes. No trabalho, foram utilizadas as técnicas centrográficas de centro médio das ocorrências, distância padrão e a elipse de desvio padrão. A metodologia contou com uma base de dados composta por boletins de ocorrência em Belo Horizonte no período de 01/01/2011 a 31/12/2013. Os resultados apontam um alcance criminal definido para a maioria dos infratores em série e a elipse de desvio padrão permite uma representação que agrega o espaço de ação e a forma de dispersão pelo tecido urbano, permitindo verificar a relação entre a paisagem e a localização dos eventos.
Panorama brasileiro da relação entre leptospirose e inundações
Authors: Portela Francisco Carlos , Kobiyama Masato , Goerl Roberto Fabris
Published: June 2020

A leptospirose é uma das doenças de veiculação hídrica que mais preocupam o setor de saúde no Brasil. Portanto, o objetivo deste artigo foi, por meio de levantamento de trabalhos existentes, identificar, analisar e descrever os fatores socioeconômicos, ambientais e climáticos que podem estar diretamente relacionados ao aumento dos casos de leptospirose. Por meio de pesquisa nas bases de dados de periódicos CAPES e LILACS, o presente trabalho selecionou 43 artigos que trataram de leptospirose e inundações no Brasil. A maior parte desses trabalhos relacionou a ocorrência de eventos hidrológicos extremos ao aumento do número de casos de leptospirose; os demais trabalhos relacionam outros fatores como acúmulo de resíduos, falta de drenagem urbana, atividades laborais, entre outros
The Shaping of Threat Through Narration
Authors: Ciovacco Carl
Published: June 2020

Threat is a problematic term since it is both objective and subjective in nature. It is in one sense objective, especially in a national security perspective of capability to inflict harm, but it is also highly subjective in how it is discussed and perceived. More often than not, the very interpretation of the threat, influenced by threat narratives, dictates the reality of the threat. Through the iterative process of narration and the inherent subjectivity that narration introduces, a threat perception generally evolves in a direction away from objectivity. The nature of threat narration is based on a two-part process of story-telling by influencers and interpretation by an audience. Simply put, threat comes to life and is molded into a comprehensible construct through threat narratives. This animation of the threat is precisely where it is both simplified into digestible pieces while at the same time careening away from an objective threat truth. Reconciling the impact of threat perception and its detriment to threat truth is the focus of this article.
Nitrogen fertilization in pecan and its effect on leaf nutrient concentration, yield and nut quality
Authors:   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Cruz-Alvarez Oscar , Hernández-Rodríguez Adriana Ofelia ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Jacobo-Cuellar Juan Luis ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Ávila-Quezada Graciela ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Morales-Maldonado Emilio ,   Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Huichapan, Parra-Quezada Rafael ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Robles-Hernandez Loreto ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua, Ojeda-Barrios Damaris Leopoldina ,   Universidad Autónoma de Chihuahua
Published: June 2020

Several studies indicate that nitrogen fertilization is one of the main constraints in obtaining higher yields and better nut quality in pecan (Carya illinoensis [Wangenh] K. Koch). Therefore, the aim of this research was to evaluate a single and split application of nitrogen in 'Western Schley' variety pecan, as well as its effect on leaf nutrient concentration, yield and nut quality. A randomized complete block design with six replicates was established. N doses were 100, 150 and 200 kg·ha-1; the single application was made in March and the split one in March and June. The leaf concentration of total N, P, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Cu2+, yield (kg·tree-1), quality (nuts per kilogram and kernel percentage) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) were determined. Significant interaction between factors was detected for the Zn2+ concentration and the single applied dose of 200 kg·ha-1. With the single application of 100 kg·ha-1, the highest yield (44.60 kg·tree-1) and nuts per kilogram (194.83) values were recorded, where the kernel percentage remained constant. The maximum NUE was obtained with 100 kg·ha-1 applied in a single and split application (31.10 and 30.10 kg of nuts produced per kg of N applied, respectively). Increased yield and nut quality is the main objective in applying optimal N doses; however, ways of reducing the economic and environmental impact caused by its excessive application should also be sought.
First observations of the McMurdo–South Pole oblique ionospheric HF channel
Authors: Chartier Alex T. , Vierinen Juha , Jee Geonhwa
Published: June 2020

Abstract. We present the first observations from a new low-cost oblique
ionosonde located in Antarctica. The transmitter is located at McMurdo
Station, Ross Island, and the receiver at Amundsen–Scott Station, South Pole.
The system was demonstrated successfully in March 2019, with the experiment
yielding over 30 000 ionospheric echoes over a 2-week period. These data
indicate the presence of a stable E layer and a sporadic and variable
F layer with dramatic spread F of sometimes more than 500 km (in units of
virtual height). The most important ionospheric parameter, NmF2, validates
well against the Jang Bogo Vertical Incidence Pulsed Ionospheric (VIPIR) ionosonde (observing more than 1000 km
away). GPS-derived TEC data from the Multi-Instrument Data Analysis Software
(MIDAS) algorithm can be considered
necessary but insufficient to predict 7.2 MHz propagation between McMurdo
and the South Pole, yielding a true positive in 40 % of cases and a true
negative in 73 % of cases. The success of this pilot experiment at a total
grant cost of USD 116 000 and an equipment cost of ∼ USD 15 000 indicates that a large multi-static network could be built to provide unprecedented observational coverage of the Antarctic ionosphere.
A meta-analysis on environmental drivers of marine phytoplankton C : N : P
Authors: Tanioka Tatsuro , Matsumoto Katsumi
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The elemental stoichiometry of marine phytoplankton plays
a critical role in global biogeochemical cycles through its impact on
nutrient cycling, secondary production, and carbon export. Although
extensive laboratory experiments have been carried out over the years to
assess the influence of different environmental drivers on the elemental
composition of phytoplankton, a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the
processes is still lacking. Here, we synthesized the responses of P:C and
N:C ratios of marine phytoplankton to five major drivers (inorganic
phosphorus, inorganic nitrogen, inorganic iron, irradiance, and temperature)
by a meta-analysis of experimental data across 366 experiments from 104
journal articles. Our results show that the response of these ratios to
changes in macronutrients is consistent across all the studies, where the
increase in nutrient availability is positively related to changes in P:C
and N:C ratios. We found that eukaryotic phytoplankton are more sensitive to
the changes in macronutrients compared to prokaryotes, possibly due to their
larger cell size and their abilities to regulate their gene expression
patterns quickly. The effect of irradiance was significant and constant
across all studies, where an increase in irradiance decreased both P:C and
N:C. The P:C ratio decreased significantly with warming, but the response to
temperature changes was mixed depending on the culture growth mode and the
growth phase at the time of harvest. Along with other oceanographic
conditions of the subtropical gyres (e.g., low macronutrient availability),
the elevated temperature may explain why P:C is consistently low in
subtropical oceans. Iron addition did not systematically change either P:C
or N:C. Overall, our findings highlight the high stoichiometric plasticity
of eukaryotes and the importance of macronutrients in determining P:C and
N:C ratios, which both provide us insights on how to understand and model
plankton diversity and productivity.
Can morphological features of coccolithophores serve as a reliable proxy to reconstruct environmental conditions of the past?
Authors: Faucher Giulia , Riebesell Ulf , Bach Lennart Thomas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Morphological changes in coccoliths, tiny calcite
platelets covering the outer surface of coccolithophores, can be induced by
physiological responses to environmental changes. Coccoliths recovered from
sedimentary successions may therefore provide information on
paleo-environmental conditions prevailing at the time when the
coccolithophores were alive. To calibrate the biomineralization responses of
ancient coccolithophore to environmental changes, studies often compared the
biological responses of living coccolithophore species with paleo-data from
calcareous nannofossils. However, there is uncertainty whether the
morphological responses of living coccolithophores are representative of
those of the fossilized ancestors. To investigate this, we exposed four
living coccolithophore species (Emiliania huxleyi, Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Coccolithus pelagicus subsp. braarudii, and Pleurochrysis carterae) that have been evolutionarily
distinct for hundreds of thousands to millions of years, to a range of
environmental conditions (i.e., changing light intensity, Mg∕Ca ratio,
nutrient availability, temperature, and carbonate chemistry) and evaluated
their responses in coccolith morphology (i.e., size, length, width,
malformation). The motivation for this study was to test if there is a
consistent morphological response of the four species to changes in any of
the tested abiotic environmental factors. If this was the case, then this
could suggest that coccolith morphology can serve as a paleo-proxy for that
specific factor because this response is conserved across species that have
been evolutionary distinct over geological timescales. However, we found
that the four species responded differently to changing light intensity,
Mg∕Ca ratio, nutrient availability, and temperature in terms of coccolith
morphology. The lack of a common response reveals the difficulties in using
coccolith morphology as a paleo-proxy for these environmental drivers.
However, a common response was observed under changing seawater carbonate
chemistry (i.e., rising CO2), which consistently induced malformations.
This commonality provides some confidence that malformations found in the
sedimentary record could be indicative of adverse carbonate chemistry
conditions.
Global database of ratios of particulate organic carbon to thorium-234 in the ocean: improving estimates of the biological carbon pump
Authors: Puigcorbé Viena , Masqué Pere , Le Moigne Frédéric A. C.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. The ocean's biological carbon pump (BCP) plays a major role in the global
carbon cycle. A fraction of the photosynthetically fixed organic carbon
produced in surface waters is exported below the sunlit layer as settling
particles (e.g., marine snow). Since the seminal works on the BCP, global
estimates of the global strength of the BCP have improved but large
uncertainties remain (from 5 to 20 Gt C yr−1 exported below the
euphotic zone or mixed-layer depth). The 234Th technique is widely used
to measure the downward export of particulate organic carbon (POC). This
technique has the advantage of allowing a downward flux to be determined by
integrating the deficit of 234Th in the upper water column and coupling
it to the POC∕234Th ratio in sinking particles. However, the factors
controlling the regional, temporal, and depth variations of POC∕234Th
ratios are poorly understood. We present a database of 9318 measurements of
the POC∕234Th ratio in the ocean, from the surface down to >5500 m, sampled on three size fractions (∼>0.7 µm, ∼1–50 µm, ∼>50 µm), collected with in situ pumps and bottles, and also from bulk particles
collected with sediment traps. The dataset is archived in the data
repository PANGAEA® under
https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.911424 (Puigcorbé, 2019). The samples
presented in this dataset were collected between 1989 and 2018, and the data
have been obtained from published papers and open datasets available online.
Unpublished data have also been included. Multiple measurements can be found
in most of the open ocean provinces. However, there is an uneven
distribution of the data, with some areas highly sampled (e.g., China Sea,
Bermuda Atlantic Time Series station) compared to some others that are not
well represented, such as the southeastern Atlantic, the south Pacific, and
the south Indian oceans. Some coastal areas, although in a much smaller
number, are also included in this global compilation. Globally, based on
different depth horizons and climate zones, the median POC∕234Th
ratios have a wide range, from 0.6 to 18 µmol dpm−1.
Using SHAP to interpret XGBoost predictions of grassland degradation in Xilingol, China
Authors:   Batunacun, Wieland Ralf , Lakes Tobia , Nendel Claas
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Machine learning (ML) and data-driven approaches are increasingly used in many research areas. XGBoost is a tree boosting method that has evolved into a state-of-the-art approach for many ML challenges. However, it has rarely been used in simulations of land use change so far. Xilingol, a typical region for research on serious grassland degradation and its drivers, was selected as a case study to test whether XGBoost can provide alternative insights that conventional land-use models are unable to generate. A set of twenty drivers was analysed using XGBoost, involving four alternative sampling strategies, and SHAP to interpret the results of the purely data-driven approach. The results indicated that, with three of the sampling strategies (over-balanced, balanced and imbalanced), XGBoost achieved similar and robust simulation results. SHAP values were useful for analysing the complex relationship between the different drivers of grassland degradation. Four drivers accounted for 99 % of the grassland degradation dynamics in Xilingol. These four drivers were spatially allocated, and a risk map of further degradation was produced. The limitations of using XGBoost to predict future land-use change are discussed.
Changing global cropping patterns to minimize national blue water scarcity
Authors: Chouchane Hatem , Krol Maarten S. , Hoekstra Arjen Y.
Published: June 2020

Abstract. Feeding a growing population with global natural-resource constraints
becomes an increasingly challenging task. Changing spatial cropping patterns
could contribute to sustaining crop production and mitigating water scarcity.
Previous studies on water saving through international food trade focussed
either on comparing water productivities among food-trading countries or
on analysing food trade in relation to national water endowments. Here,
we consider, for the first time, how both differences in national average
water productivities and water endowments can be considered to analyse
comparative advantages of countries for different types of crop production.
A linear-optimization algorithm is used to find modifications in global
cropping patterns that reduce national blue water scarcity in the world's
most severely water-scarce countries, while keeping global production of
each crop unchanged and preventing any increase in total irrigated or
rainfed harvested areas in each country. The results are used to assess
national comparative advantages and disadvantages for different crops. Even
when allowing a maximum expansion of the irrigated or rainfed harvested area per
crop per country of only 10 %, the blue water scarcity in the world's most
water-scarce countries can be greatly reduced. In this case, we could
achieve a reduction of the global blue water footprint of crop production of
21 % and a decrease of the global total harvested and irrigated areas of
2 % and 10 % respectively. Shifts in rainfed areas have a dominant
share in reducing the blue water footprint of crop production.
The Role of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families in the Youth Development Field
Authors: Diaz Angela , Britt David , Perrin James M.
Published: June 2020

This special issue of the Journal of Youth Development highlights a range of important contributions that the work of the Board on Children, Youth, and Families (BCYF) at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, makes to the field of youth development. This issue traces how BCYF peer-reviewed, published consensus reports use transdisciplinary expertise to assemble relevant research, develop evidence-based findings that then undergird policy recommendations, and then communicate them to a wide audience of policy makers, academics, and practitioners. These consensus reports inform and support practice which improves constructive youth development.
Dual Language Learning and Educational Success for Youth
Authors: Le Menestrel Suzanne
Published: June 2020

Effectively educating children and youth who are learning English as their second language is a national challenge with consequences both for individuals and for American society. Despite their potential, many English learners are struggling to meet the requirements for academic success jeopardizing their prospects for success in postsecondary education and the workforce. This article is based on a consensus report from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine, Promoting the Educational Success of Children and Youth Learning English: Promising Futures published in 2017, and briefly reviews language development among dual language and English learners and the development of English proficiency. The article also discusses promising and effective practices for children and youth learning English in grades pre-K through 12. The needs of dual language learners and English learners with disabilities and those of long-term English learners are also discussed.
Shaping Positive Summertime Experiences for All Youth to Promote Healthy Development
Authors: Hutton Rebekah , Nalamada Priyanka
Published: June 2020

Shaping Summertime Experiences: Opportunities to Promote Healthy Development and Well-Being for Children and Youth was released by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in September 2019. This multidisciplinary committee authored report examines evidence on outcomes of summertime experiences for children and youth in 4 areas of well-being: (a) academic learning and enrichment, (b) social and emotional development, (c) physical and mental health, and (d) safety, risk-taking, and pro- and anti-social behaviors. Using a systems perspective, the committee looked at how social, physical, and economic environments interact to promote or limit access for children and youth to opportunities for positive development, healthy behaviors, safety, and well-being during the summer. The committee’s recommendations are intended to improve planning, administration, and coordination of summertime programs and services, improving availability, access, and equity of summertime programs; and advancing data collection efforts.
A Most Sovereign Herb: Pseudo-Antonius Musa on Betony
Authors: Fischer Klaus-Dietrich
Published: June 2020

This essay studies various important aspects of the history of text of the treatise De herba Vettonica, ultimaty attributed to Antonius Musa, Augustus' physician and the brother of King Juba II. The possible existence of an original Greek text, the relationship between the treatise and the writings of Pliny, and the translation of the treatise into Old English are discussed, among other topics. With respect to this translation, the author insists on its importance for the establishment of the Latin text of the treatise, because it dates certainly before the turn of the millennium, and the majority of Latin manuscripts is from a later period.
O KITSCH NA EPISTEMOLOGIA DO ROMANCE
Authors: GONÇALVES Lucas Fernando
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o conceito de kitsch como conceito estético e ontológico na perspectiva teórica da Epistemologia do Romance. Para a Epistemologia do Romance, a palavra kitsch é associada ao pensamento de Milan Kundera acerca do que ele chama de necessidade da mentira embelezante para satisfação de si. A Epistemologia do Romance ampara-se à ideia kunderiana de ocultação da “merda” como um ideal estético do ser em que o kitsch, como forma estética da negação de questões da condição humana, lida com aquilo que Hermann Broch define como ausência de reflexão ética no contexto da estética, fomentado pela necessidade do efeito estético agradável. Para a Epistemologia do Romance, o kitsch é a forma estética do idílio. Buscando assim uma falsa beleza e harmonia que trouxesse uma sensação de paz e fim da tragédia.