bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
History, Eschatology, and the Development of the Six Ages of the World
Authors: Gallagher John Joseph ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: March 2022

The sex aetates mundi was the central framework of Early Christian, Late Antique, and early medieval Christian eschatology and historiography. This article is the second part of a study of the development and history of this motif. Part I (published in Augustinianum 61, 1 [2021]) summarised the emergence of this framework in biblical and patristic writings up to the late fourth-century, concluding with the work of the North African theologian, Tyconius. The second part of this study investigates the treatment of this subject in the writings of Augustine of Hippo, Dionysius Exiguus, Isidore of Seville, and the Venerable Bede. The majority of the examination is devoted to tracing Augustine’s understanding of the six ages – which was strongly influenced by Tyconius – since Augustine is frequently credited with being the main proponent of this conceptualisation of sacred history. This investigation of Augustine’s writings is mostly focused on De civitate Dei, the work that addresses the six ages framework most thoroughly, but analyses references to this historiography throughout his corpus. The conclusion of this examination argues that Augustine engaged with this commonplace view of history, but only insofar as it points mankind towards reflection of the world to come. This study argues that Isidore is the scholar who should be credited with popularising this notion in the early medieval Latin West. How the developments in calendrical reckoning put forward by Dionysius Exiguus and Bede intersect with and influence the six ages model is also charted. Overall, this study provides an in-depth examination of the six ages of history model in the thought of the fathers of Late Antique and early medieval Latin exegesis, pinpointing key moments in the evolution of the sex aetates model.
Al-Ma'mûn, the Inquisition, and the Quest for Caliphal Authority
Authors: Nawas John Abdallah
Published: March 2022

The "inquisition" (Mihnah) unleashed by the seventh Abbasid caliph, 'Abdallah al-Ma'mun (r. 813-833), has long attracted the attention of modern scholars of the intellectual, political, and religious history of the early Abbasid era. Because this event, which began in 820 and stretched through the reigns of two of al-Ma'mun's successors, appears at a convergence of prominent currents in systematic theology, rationalist thought, theocratic politics, and nascent trends in Shiism and Sunnism, historians have seen it as the key to a wide array of puzzles and problems in early Islamic history. In this incisive study, John Nawas subjects the various proposed explanations of these events to a sober and searching analysis and, in the process, presents a new interpretation of al-Ma'mun's political and religious policies, contextualized against the background of early Abbasid intellectual and social history. Appended to the volume is a reprint edition of Walter M. Patton's Ahmed ibn Hanbal and the Mihna (Leiden 1897), which still has much that is useful for modern scholarship, including one enormous additional benefit; it contains most of the relevant passages in Arabic from the primary sources.
Ayia Irini
Authors: Abell Natalie
Published: March 2022

Area B, in the southeastern part of the Bronze Age town of Ayia Irini, Kea, preserves evidence for human activity from the mid-Early Bronze Age to the mid-Late Bronze Age, or Periods III–VII in the parlance of the site. This volume summarizes the results of excavation in the area and provides an overview of the stratigraphy, architecture, and artifacts found in it. Owing to its status as one of the best-excavated and best-documented sectors of the site, Area B also provides an excellent opportunity to consider diachronic changes in the ceramic assemblage through time. Analysis of macroscopic and petrographic fabrics and evaluation of how fabric, ware, and shape categories intersect enables a detailed, diachronic study of changes in pottery production, trade, and consumption patterns at the site in view of broader shifts in Aegean economy and society.
Status report on the third round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization process
Authors: Alagic Gorjan , Apon Daniel , Cooper David , Dang Quynh , Dang Thinh , Kelsey John , Lichtinger Jacob , Liu Yi-Kai , Miller Carl , Moody Dustin , Peralta Rene , Perlner Ray , Robinson Angela , Smith-Tone Daniel
Published: March 2022

The National Institute of Standards and Technology is in the process of selecting public-key cryptographic algorithms through a public, competition-like process. The new public-key cryptography standards will specify additional digital signature, public-key encryption, and key-establishment algorithms to augment Federal Information Processing Standard (FIPS) 186-4, Digital Signature Standard (DSS), as well as NIST Special Publication (SP) 800-56A Revision 3, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key-Establishment Schemes Using Discrete Logarithm Cryptography, and SP 800-56B Revision 2, Recommendation for Pair-Wise Key Establishment Using Integer Factorization Cryptography. It is intended that these algorithms will be capable of protecting sensitive information well into the foreseeable future, including after the advent of quantum computers. The first round of the NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Standardization Process began in December 2017 with 69 candidate algorithms that met both the minimum acceptance criteria and submission requirements. The first round lasted until January 2019, during which candidate algorithms were evaluated based on their security, performance, and other characteristics. NIST selected 26 algorithms to advance to the second round for more analysis. The second round continued until July 2020, after which seven 'finalist' and eight 'alternate' candidate algorithms were selected to move into the third round. This report describes the evaluation and selection process, based on public feedback and internal review, of the third-round candidates. The report summarizes each of the 15 third-round candidate algorithms and identifies those selected for standardization, as well as those that will continue to be evaluated in a fourth round of analysis. The public-key encryption and key-establishment algorithm that will be standardized is CRYSTALS-Kyber. The digital signatures that will be standardized are CRYSTALS-Dilithium, Falcon, and SPHINCS+. While there are multiple signature algorithms selected, NIST recommends CRYSTALS-Dilithium as the primary algorithm to be implemented. In addition, four of the alternate key-establishment candidate algorithms will advance to a fourth round of evaluation: BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC, and SIKE. These candidates are still being considered for future standardization. NIST will also issue a new Call for Proposals for public-key digital signature algorithms to augment and diversify its signature portfolio.
ЛУЧИЈАН БОЈА, ПРВИ СВЕТСКИ РАТ: КОНТРОВЕРЗЕ, ПАРАДОКСИ, РЕИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИЈЕ
Authors: Радун Бојан
Published: March 2022

Историчари, који су дуго времена Први свјетски рат посматрали стриктно из конфликтуалног угла, настојећи да докажу праведност своје државе и нације, а кривицу других, нису успјели да дају одговор на низ контроверзних и осјетљивих питања. Међутим, модерне свјетске историографије започеле су потрагу за отворенијим приступом, протканим са мање предрасуда и анимозитета, који ће бити прихватљивији за све учеснике у сукобу. У тај опус историјског преосмишљавања свакако се убрајају и дјела Лучијана Боје, који данас спада међу најплодније и најчитаније румунске историчаре, али и међу најцјењеније европске интелектуалце. Завршио је Историјски факултет Букурешког универзитета, гдје је, захваљујући испољеним способностима и интересима за ту науку, задржан и остао да ради, све до пензионисања. Написао је тридесетак књига, од којих су многе доживјеле више издања, а неке су преведене и објављене на више страних језика. По много чему неконвенционалан аутор, Боја се највише истиче по смјелим историјским тумачењима, често опречним према оним устаљеним традиционалним и националистички пристрасним. Због тога су његове књиге често теме разних полемика, али и мете многих критика. Књига-есеј, Primul Razboi Mondial. Controverse, paradoxuri, reinterpretari објављена је 2014. године у оквиру серије Боја коју издаје једна од најугледнијих румунских издавачких кућа, Хуманитас, а већ сљедеће године преведена је на српски језик.
РЕПУБЛИКА СРПСКА – ИМЕ, ДОГАЂАЈИ И ИСТОРИЈСКИ ПРОЦЕСИ
Authors: Лозо Предраг
Published: March 2022

У раду се на основу изворне грађе са неколико аспеката анализирају прилике у којима је настала Република Српска. Посебно је наглашен процес промјена имена Републике како са формалног становишта, из угла рада Народне скупштине, као највишег законодавног тијела, тако и у јавној перцепцији. Ови процеси осликавају развој схватања власти и функционисања државе у посткомунистичком и уједно веома турбулентном ратном периоду који носи значајне специфичности. Истовремено, на основу праћења поменутих аспеката у историографији и разумијевању прошлости, могу се видјети елементи односа према изворној грађи и чињеницама у синтезама и другој литератури која свједочи о том времену. У раду се покушава открити колико историјске чињенице, које се неријетко занемарују у данашњем јавном дискурсу, могу рећи о националној историји из наше блиске прошлости.
КРУНА ЈЕДНЕ КАРИЈЕРЕ
Authors: Субић Радован
Published: March 2022

Српски историчари али и заинтересована читалачка публика ријетко кад је у прилици да се на српском језику упозна са ширим научним опусом европских историчара. По неписаном правилу када неки аутор и привуче пажњу домаћих издавача изабере се одређено дјело које је у датом тренутку из неког разлога актуелно или представља „најрепрезентативнији“ рад дотичног. Вишеструки су разлози за овакав приступ и изузеци се могу набројати на прсте једне руке. Један од њих је свакако француски историчар Жан-Пол Блед.
An Approach to Successful Power-line Interference Suppression in ECG Signals
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Science, Acad. Georgi Bonchev Str., Bl. 105, Sofia 1113, Bulgaria, Dotsinsky Ivan
Published: March 2022

The ECG signals acquisition is usually corrupted by presence of Power-Line Interference (PLI) induced by the electromagnetic field around us. Many methods for PLI suppression/elimination have been developed over the years. The easy to apply traditional notch filters suppress unacceptably the ECG spectrum around the rated PL frequencies of 50 or 60 Hz and their deviations, which are restricted by the standards within the range of ± 0.5 Hz. The changes are very slow but the current PL frequency has to be continuously checked to allow start and performance of adequate PLI suppression during any ECG recordings including the 24 hours Holter monitoring. According to the proposed approach, the corrupted ECG recording is bi-directional band-pass (BP) filtered. The resulting sinusoidal BP waves differ in amplitude from the PLI but their zero crossing points remain identical. The two out-sample distances located at both ends of each current sinusoidal curve are calculated and aided to the inter-sample distances. The obtained fractal wave period is converted into current PL frequency and used for bi-directional notch filtration with narrow stop-band. The results obtained demonstrate a very successful PLI suppression in ECG signals. The errors committed are within a few μV, except for the edges of the recordings due to the transition processes.
Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization
Authors: Gallo Travis , Fidino Mason , Gerber Brian , Ahlers Adam A , Angstmann Julia L , Amaya Max , Concilio Amy L , Drake David , Gay Danielle , Lehrer Elizabeth W , Murray Maureen H , Ryan Travis J , St Clair Colleen Cassady , Salsbury Carmen M , Sander Heather A , Stankowich Theodore , Williamson Jaque , Belaire J Amy , Simon Kelly , Magle Seth B
Published: March 2022

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known ecological theories like niche partitioning and predator–prey dynamics. Yet, changes in animal behavior within the shorter 24-hr light–dark cycle have largely gone unstudied. Understanding if an animal can adjust their temporal activity to mitigate or adapt to environmental change has become a recent topic of discussion and is important for effective wildlife management and conservation. While spatial habitat is a fundamental consideration in wildlife management and conservation, temporal habitat is often ignored. We formulated a temporal resource selection model to quantify the diel behavior of 8 mammal species across 10 US cities. We found high variability in diel activity patterns within and among species and species-specific correlations between diel activity and human population density, impervious land cover, available greenspace, vegetation cover, and mean daily temperature. We also found that some species may modulate temporal behaviors to manage both natural and anthropogenic risks. Our results highlight the complexity with which temporal activity patterns interact with local environmental characteristics, and suggest that urban mammals may use time along the 24-hr cycle to reduce risk, adapt, and therefore persist, and in some cases thrive, in human-dominated ecosystems.
Short-Term Effects of Eccentric Overload Versus Traditional Back Squat Training on Strength and Power
Authors: N. Munger Cameron , Jones Bailey C. , Halloran Isaac J. , Eggleston Garrett G. , Post Phillip G. , Brown Lee E. , Berning Joseph M.
Published: March 2022

Background of Study: Benefits of training with eccentric overload (EO) include increased concentric strength, eccentric strength, explosiveness, and muscle adaptation. There is a lack of practical strength training protocols that compare traditional methods and EO. Purpose: Compare effects of eccentric overload versus traditional training on strength and performance. Method: Thirty-three trained males (age: 21.4 ± 2.7 years) were divided into three groups: Traditional (TRAD, N =12), EO, (N =11), and Control (CTRL, N =10). Back squat training lasted five weeks. The average intensity (%1RM) for each repetition and the volume was the same between groups. Results: Multiple 3x2 (Group x Time) Analyses of Variance (ANOVAs) were performed on the following: 1RM, eccentric 1RM (Ecc1RM), countermovement jump height (CMJ), and 20-meter sprint times. A significant Group x Time interaction (p =.001) was observed for Ecc1RM. The source was a significant increase in Ecc1RM strength from pre to post-test for the EO group (+16.9 kg) and TRAD group (+12.7 kg). A significant Group x Time interaction (p =.026) was observed for CMJ. The source was a significant increase in CMJ height from pre to post-test for the EO group (+3.8 cm) and TRAD group (+2.9 cm). Conclusions: Using EO and TRAD during a short-term back squat training protocol enhanced vertical jump explosiveness and eccentric strength. Athletes aiming to enhance lower body explosiveness and eccentric strength are likely benefit from EO. Athletes looking to enhance concentric strength should adhere to methods whereby paired concentric-eccentric actions are the primary focus.
ExhauFS: exhaustive search-based feature selection for classification and survival regression
Authors: Nersisyan Stepan , Novosad Victor , Galatenko Alexei , Sokolov Andrey , Bokov Grigoriy , Konovalov Alexander , Alekseev Dmitry , Tonevitsky Alexander
Published: March 2022

Feature selection is one of the main techniques used to prevent overfitting in machine learning applications. The most straightforward approach for feature selection is an exhaustive search: one can go over all possible feature combinations and pick up the model with the highest accuracy. This method together with its optimizations were actively used in biomedical research, however, publicly available implementation is missing. We present ExhauFS—the user-friendly command-line implementation of the exhaustive search approach for classification and survival regression. Aside from tool description, we included three application examples in the manuscript to comprehensively review the implemented functionality. First, we executed ExhauFS on a toy cervical cancer dataset to illustrate basic concepts. Then, multi-cohort microarray breast cancer datasets were used to construct gene signatures for 5-year recurrence classification. The vast majority of signatures constructed by ExhauFS passed 0.65 threshold of sensitivity and specificity on all datasets, including the validation one. Moreover, a number of gene signatures demonstrated reliable performance on independent RNA-seq dataset without any coefficient re-tuning, i.e., turned out to be cross-platform. Finally, Cox survival regression models were used to fit isomiR signatures for overall survival prediction for patients with colorectal cancer. Similarly to the previous example, the major part of models passed the pre-defined concordance index threshold 0.65 on all datasets. In both real-world scenarios (breast and colorectal cancer datasets), ExhauFS was benchmarked against state-of-the-art feature selection models, including L1-regularized sparse models. In case of breast cancer, we were unable to construct reliable cross-platform classifiers using alternative feature selection approaches. In case of colorectal cancer not a single model passed the same 0.65 threshold. Source codes and documentation of ExhauFS are available on GitHub: https://github.com/s-a-nersisyan/ExhauFS.
1960 LAR TÜRKİYE SİNDE PETROL POLİTİKASINA İLİŞKİN TARTIŞMALAR
Authors: Duman Doğan
Published: March 2022

Cumhuriyetin kuruluşundan, 1954 yılında çıkarılan kanuna
kadar Türkiye’deki petrol arama faaliyetlerini doğrudan
hükümetler üstlenmişti. Fakat istenilen sonucun elde
edilememesi ve petrole olan gereksinimin her geçen yıl
artması nedeni ile 7 Mart 1954 tarihinde Amerikalı bir
uzman tarafından hazırlanan yeni Petrol Kanunu çıkarıldı.
Petrol arama faaliyetlerinin yerli ve yabancı özel girişimci
eliyle yapılmasını öngören bu kanun, 1960’ların
ortalarından itibaren ülke çıkarlarına aykırı olduğu
gerekçesi ile tartışmaya açıldı ve siyasetin en önemli
gündem maddesi haline geldi. Dönemin siyasi partilerinin
yanı sıra, işçi sendikaları ve gençlik örgütleri de bu
tartışmada yer aldılar. Ağırlıklı görüş yeni bir petrol
kanununun çıkarılarak petrolün millileştirilmesi
yönündeydi. Fakat gerek koalisyon ortağı olduğu dönemde
gerekse tek başına iktidar olduğu yıllarda Adalet Partisi bu
yöndeki talepleri kabul etmedi. Bununla birlikte
muhalefetin 1965 yılından itibaren ısrarla gündemde tuttuğu
petrol sorununa daha fazla kayıtsız kalamayan AP
Hükümeti 1968 yılında yeni bir Petrol Kanunu Taslağı
hazırladı. Bu taslağın kamuoyundaki beklentiyi
karşılayamaması ve yeni bir kanunun çıkarılamaması bu
sorunun 1970’li yıllara taşınmasına neden oldu.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Türkiye, 1960’lı yıllar, siyasi partiler,
petrol, milli petrol.
115 SAYILI KANUNUN TÜRK ÜNİVERSİTE TARİHİNDEKİ YERİ VE ÖNEMİ
Authors: Güler Cağfer
Published: March 2022

1946 Üniversiteler Kanunu, idari ve bilimsel özerkliği ve
tüzel kişiliği getirmesi açısından Türk üniversite
tarihinin önemli bir kilometre taşıydı. Bu kanun daha
ziyade özerkliği, sağlam esaslara bağlaması ile
zihinlerde yer etmiştir. Ancak kanunun 14 yıllık tatbikatı
(1946-1960), üniversitenin karar organlarında genç
akademisyenlerin (doçent ve asistan) temsilindeki
yetersizliği, bu yetersizliğin mağduriyete yol açan
sonuçlarını ortaya çıkarmıştı. 27 Mayıs 1960 Askeri
Darbesi’nden sonra yönetime gelen Milli Birlik
Komitesi, kanunun 14 yıllık tatbikatında genç
akademisyenler aleyhine işleyen maddelerini
değiştirmekle kalmamış, kanunda hükümetin üniversite
üzerindeki sınırlı denetim yetkisine ilişkin maddelerini
yürürlükten kaldırarak idari özerkliği en ileri noktaya
taşımıştı.
Anahtar Kelimeler: Türk Üniversite Tarihi, 27 Mayıs
1960 Askeri Darbesi, Üniversite Özerkliği, Milli Birlik
Komitesi
Free‐Form Micro‐Optics Out of Crystals: Femtosecond Laser 3D Sculpturing
Authors: Hua Jian‐Guan , Liang Shu‐Yu , Chen Qi‐Dai , Juodkazis Saulius , Sun Hong‐Bo
Published: March 2022

Optical crystals are ideal materials for complex functional and durable optical components, but their good stability and hardness bring about difficulties in high‐precision machining and require surface roughness below λ/10. Femtosecond laser ablation is a widely applicable processing method indifferent to material types, but its 3D fabrication capability is limited by the accumulation of ablated debris and rough ablated surface. This work demonstrates a universal and flexible technology for the fabrication of crystalline micro‐optics with required shape and surface roughness for the most demanding optical phase control. The cavitation‐assisted ablation by a direct laser writing mode is followed by a high‐temperature treatment to remove the rough non‐crystalline layer caused by ablation. The annealing at temperatures below the melting point of the crystal reduces the roughness down to ≈2 nm without changing the structure shape. This virtue of maintaining the designed shape without change, which is impossible during thermal morphing of 3D surfaces of glasses, allows for a previously unavailable flexibility of surface finish for the most demanding optical micro‐optical elements made in this study. This universal technology with nanoscale resolution and free‐form 3D manufacturing capability is applicable for various crystals and provides a new way to fabricate micro‐/integrated‐optics and nonlinear optical elements.
Achieving Record High External Quantum Efficiency >86.7% in Solar‐Blind Photoelectrochemical Photodetection
Authors: Liu Xin , Wang Danhao , Shao Pengfei , Sun Haiding , Fang Shi , Kang Yang , Liang Kun , Jia Hongfeng , Luo Yuanmin , Xue Junjun , Wang Jin , Zhi Ting , Chen Dunjun , Liu Bin , Long Shibing , Zhang Rong
Published: March 2022

Controlling interfacial and surface carrier dynamics associated with nanostructured semiconductors is the key to achieving outperforming electrical and optical characteristics in photoelectrochemical (PEC) devices. A strategy for surface renovation by loading a co‐catalyst (functional nanoparticles or layers) can unambiguously empower the device with superior surface property. In this work, a PEC‐type solar‐blind photodetector based on wide‐bandgap p‐AlGaN nanowires is reported on which Rh–Cr2O3 hybrid structures are rationally loaded. Impressively, the external quantum efficiency of the devices is strikingly boosted from 28.8% to 86.7%, while a record‐high responsivity of 178.3 mA W−1 is achieved, exhibiting one of the highest values among PEC photodetectors. Both experimental insights and theoretical modeling reveal that the initial decoration of Rh nanoparticles facilitate the interfacial carrier transfer and separation while optimizing the hydrogen adsorption energy. After subsequent incorporation of the amorphous Cr2O3 layer, which acts as a molecular sieve, not only can the side reaction over Rh be effectively suppressed, but also the interfacial carrier dynamics and surface chemical reactivity are further boosted, thus contributing to more favorable PEC processes. The work offers a unique synergetic strategy to optimize the surface property of semiconductors for boosting photoresponse performance in aqueous environments for future bio‐ or chemical‐related sensing applications.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of High‐Yield Red Fluorescent Carbon Dots with Ultra‐Narrow Emission by Controlled O/N Elements
Authors: Xian Yingmei , Li Kang
Published: March 2022

Red fluorescent carbon dots (r‐CDs) with narrow dual emissions (600 nm and 658–683 nm, full width at half‐maximums (FWHMs) of 20 nm and 30 nm), fluorescence quantum yield of 41.0%, and yield of 83.3% are prepared by hydrothermal method using o‐phenylenediamine as precursor and inorganic oxidant as yield enhancer, and they have graphite nitrate‐like structures. The long‐wavelength side emission is aggregation‐induced emission (AIE). A logarithmic relationship between the AIE wavelength (y) and the concentration (x) (y = 8.853ln(x) + 688.53, R = 0.998) is found. This regularity and the high monochromaticity of AIE are related to the existence of highly ordered structures proved by X‐ray diffraction. Its intrinsic emission (FWHM: 20 nm) is the narrowest among the r‐CDs prepared by hydrothermal method. The reason is that the decrease of oxygen content makes the FWHMs become narrow, and the decrease of the pyridine nitrogen content and the increase of pyrrole nitrogen content make them narrower further. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectra and control experiment prove that oxidative polymerization is a necessary preparation step. The linear relationship between the amount of the oxidant and the CDs yield indicates that the yield can be increased only by increasing the conversion rate of the polymerization process.
Smaller species but larger stages: Warming effects on inter‐ and intraspecific community size structure
Authors: Uszko Wojciech , Huss Magnus , Gårdmark Anna
Published: March 2022

Global warming can alter size distributions of animal communities, but the contribution of size shifts within versus between species to such changes remains unknown. In particular, it is unclear if expected body size shrinkage in response to warming, observed at the interspecific level, can be used to infer similar size shifts within species. In this study, we compare warming effects on interspecific (relative species abundance) versus intraspecific (relative stage abundance) size structure of competing consumers by analyzing stage‐structured bioenergetic food web models consisting of one or two consumer species and two resources, parameterized for pelagic plankton. Varying composition and temperature and body size dependencies in these models, we predicted interspecific versus intraspecific size structure across temperature. We found that warming shifted community size structure toward dominance of smaller species, in line with empirical evidence summarized in our review of 136 literature studies. However, this result emerged only given a size–temperature interaction favoring small over large individuals in warm environments. In contrast, the same mechanism caused an intraspecific shift toward dominance of larger (adult) stages, reconciling disparate observations of size responses within and across zooplankton species in the literature. As the empirical evidence for warming‐driven stage shifts is scarce and equivocal, we call for more experimental studies on intraspecific size changes with warming. Understanding the global warming impacts on animal communities requires that we consider and quantify the relative importance of mechanisms concurrently shaping size distributions within and among species.
Pupil steerable Maxwellian AR display with gaze matching
Authors: Zou Junyu , Luo Zhenyi , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate a gaze‐matched Maxwellian‐view augmented reality (AR) system with an enlarged eyebox. Three viewpoints are generated by three cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) off‐axis lenses, respectively. The location, diameter, and diffraction angle of these CLC lenses are designed so that the chief rays of each viewpoint match with the corresponding gaze directions. The CLC lenses have a high diffraction efficiency (up to 98%), large off‐axis angle (60°), and small f‐number, which contributes to the 55° central field of view. Such an AR system exhibits several attractive features for practical applications, including aberration‐free, high optical efficiency, high transmittance for the ambient light, relatively large field of view, compact size, and lightweight.
Foveated imaging by polarization multiplexing for compact near‐eye displays
Authors: Yin Kun , He Ziqian , Li Yannanqi , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: March 2022

We demonstrate a multi‐resolution foveated imaging system for virtual reality, which is enabled by a single display panel with polarization multiplexing to significantly increase the angular resolution without scarifying the frame rate. By using a polarization‐dependent cholesteric liquid crystal reflector, we have achieved a 4.4× higher resolution density while maintaining a compact form factor.
Efficient numerical algorithms of time fractional telegraph‐type equations involving Hadamard derivatives
Authors: Cen Dakang , Ou Caixia , Wang Zhibo
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we study the finite difference/iterative method for the fractional telegraph equation with Hadamard derivatives. The model is first transformed into an equivalent fractional integro‐differential equation, then the technic of exponential type meshes is adopted. The resulting discrete coefficients of Hadamard fractional integral own several graceful properties, which are crucial in numerical analysis. To conquer the difficulty caused by weak regularity, we also propose iterative schemes. The error estimate is equal to
, where
is the order of fractional derivative and
is the number of iterations. All the theoretical results are confirmed by numerical experiments.
The effects of alkaline treatment on the oil residue, thermal properties and surface morphology of oil palm Mesocarp fiber
Authors: Aris Noor Fatheyah , Ghazali Siti Khairunisah , Mohamad Zurina , Jamaluddin Jamarosliza , Adrus Nadia , Abdul Aziz Astimar , Low Jiun Hor , A. Majid Rohah
Published: March 2022

Oil palm mesocarp fiber (MF) holds the potential to be used as a filler in polymeric biocomposite systems. To further improve the dispersion and interfacial adhesion between the fiber and polymer matrix, MF was treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at different concentrations (1%, 3%, 5%, 8% and 10%) and soaking times

(1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 24 h and 48 h). The effects of NaOH solution and soaking duration on the oil residue, thermal stability and surface morphology of the MF were investigated. It was found that the soaking time had a prominent effect on the oil residue content compared to the NaOH concentration. Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated that alkaline treatment decreased the peak intensities of the carboxyl group and alkene of the fatty acid (oil) at 1630–1700 cm–1. Meanwhile, the clean and smooth surface of MF was revealed by scanning electron microscopy, indicating the removal of noncellulosic components. The treatment also reduced the degree of crystallinity of MF, as reflected by its melting temperature (Tm) and heat of melting (ΔHm), as measured by using differential scanning calorimetry. MF with oil residue is envisioned to improve the fiber dispersion across the polymer matrix during polymer processing.
Mathematical simulation of the vibration treatment of parts in a liquefied abrasive working medium
Authors: Kundrák Janos , Morgan Michael , Mitsyk Andrii Volodymyrovych , Fedorovich Vladimir Alekseevich , Grabchenko Anatoliy Ivanovich
Published: March 2022

The hydromechanics of the fluidized bed of the processing medium is presented; the conditions for its formation, stability, and the limits of existence are given. The stochasticity of a two-phase hydromechanical process in a fluidized bed has been determined. The boundary conditions on the surface of a spherical processed part and the vibrating machine reservoir surface are considered. It was found that the velocity of granules during collision with the surface of the part, in addition to the chaotic component, has a normal and tangential component. It is established that the amplitude of oscillations of one of the components of the tangential velocity of the part is twice the amplitude of its normal component. The other component of the tangential velocity of the granule at the surface of the part is ten times less than the other components of the velocity. The equations for the dynamics of a fluidized medium are compiled taking into account the nature of the flow around of the part at low Reynolds numbers. The fields of fluid flow near the part are found, and the mechanism of its flow is established. The dynamics of the movement of abrasive granules in a fluidized medium, under the action of the movement of the part, is presented. The dependences of metal removal during vibration treatment of a rotating and oscillating part in a fluidized medium of abrasive granules are obtained. It is shown that metal removal from the processed part depends on the rotation frequency of the part and vibration exciter. It is noted that the presence of granule velocity components at the surface of the part makes it possible to control the processes of work hardening and micro-cutting.
Multidimensional Byzantine agreement in a synchronous setting
Authors: Flamini Andrea , Longo Riccardo , Meneghetti Alessio
Published: March 2022

In this paper we present the Multidimensional Byzantine Agreement (MBA) Protocol, a leaderless Byzantine agreement protocol defined for complete and synchronous networks that allows a network of nodes to reach consensus on a vector of relevant information regarding a set of observed events. The consensus process is carried out in parallel on each component, and the output is a vector whose components are either values with wide agreement in the network (even if no individual node agrees on every value) or a special value $$\bot $$
⊥
that signals irreconcilable disagreement. The MBA Protocol is probabilistic and its execution halts with probability 1, and the number of steps necessary to halt follows a Bernoulli-like distribution. The design combines a Multidimensional Graded Consensus and a Multidimensional Binary Byzantine Agreement, the generalization to the multidimensional case of two protocols presented by Micali et al. (SIAM J Comput 26(4):873–933, 1997; Byzantine agreement, made trivial, 2016). We prove the correctness and security of the protocol assuming a synchronous network where less than a third of the nodes are malicious.
Predictive factors of biliary complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgeries
Authors: Rashdan Mohammad , Al-Mollah Mustafa , Salameh Mohammad , Hassouneh Ala , Al-Qaisi Mohammad , Sulaiman Abdallah , Al-Jundi Nadeem , Al-Farhood Assaf , Al-Bahadili Neaam , Al-Taher Raed
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Previous studies have confirmed the association between biliary disease and bariatric operations. Biliary complications may include cholecystitis, biliary pancreatitis, cholangitis, biliary polyps, biliary sludge and gallstones. It is believed that cholelithiasis is the result of increased biliary stasis due to alterations in the enterohepatic circulation and hormonal changes associated with weight loss. However, research regarding predictive factors other than the percentage of excess weight loss (EWL) is limited. In addition, preventive measures of gallstone formation and potential related complications are still debated.

Aim:

The goal of this article is to assess the predictive factors of biliary complications after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomies (LSG) and laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) in order to review the possible need for future surveillance via radiological studies.

Method:

ology: A retrospective review of 118 patients who underwent LSG and LRYGB between 2015 and 2016 in Jordan University Hospital (single centre) was performed in order to complete this cohort study. Patients with previous cholecystectomies or biliary disease prior to bariatric operations were excluded from the study. Utilizing the hospital's electronic records system, patients were contacted by telephone and were asked a series of questions listed in a custom-made questionnaire.

Results:

Mean age ± SD was 34.9 ± 12.0 years old (68.64% Females). Eleven patients (9.32%) underwent LRYGB, 100 patients underwent LSG and seven patients underwent both, with a preoperative mean body mass index (BMI) ± SD of 45.2 ± 6.3. 29 patients (24.58%) developed postoperative biliary complications. The main biliary complications were as follows: biliary pancreatitis (0.85%), biliary polyps (0.85%), biliary sludge (0.85%), cholecystitis/gallstones (22.03%).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, it was found that approximately 24.58% of patients have post-operative late biliary complications. Of these patients, predictive factors other than EWL were not significant enough to recommend prophylactic screening via radiological studies.

Highlights
An explicit Dobrushin uniqueness region for Gibbs point processes with repulsive interactions
Authors: Houdebert Pierre , Zass Alexander
Published: March 2022

We present a uniqueness result for Gibbs point processes with interactions that come from a non-negative pair potential; in particular, we provide an explicit uniqueness region in terms of activity z and inverse temperature
$\beta$
. The technique used relies on applying to the continuous setting the classical Dobrushin criterion. We also present a comparison to the two other uniqueness methods of cluster expansion and disagreement percolation, which can also be applied for this type of interaction.
Informing the Leader: Bureaucracies and International Crises
Authors: SCHUB ROBERT
Published: March 2022

Whether international crises end in conflict frequently depends on the information that leaders possess. To better explain how leaders acquire information, I develop and test an informational theory of bureaucracies during crises. Time-constrained leaders delegate information collection to advisers who lead bureaucracies. A division of labor between bureaucracies breeds comparative specialization among advisers. Some emphasize information on adversaries’ political attributes, which are harder to assess; others stress military attributes, which are easier to assess. Bureaucratic role thus affects the content and uncertainty that advisers provide. I use automated and qualitative coding to measure adviser input in 5,400 texts from US Cold War crises. As hypothesized, advisers’ positions affect the information and uncertainty they convey but not the policies they promote as canonical theories suggest. For individuals advising leaders during crises, what you know depends on where you sit. Consequently, the information leaders possess hinges on which bureaucracies have their attention.
A Rapid qPCR for the Detection of Verticillium nonalfalfae MLST2 – A Highly Pathogenic Fungus on Kiwifruit
Authors: Lee Hui Wen , Ho Wellcome W. H. , Alexander Brett J. R. , Baskarathevan Jeyaseelan
Published: March 2022

A highly pathogenic fungus characterized as Verticillium nonalfalfae multilocus sequence type 2 (MLST2) is an emerging fungal pathogen causing Verticillium wilt on kiwifruit. Although V. nonalfalfae MLST2 has not been reported outside Chile, there is a risk that this pathogen could spread through the global movement of germplasms to other countries. Current diagnostic methods for this fungus rely on a laborious and time-consuming plating assay for morphological identification and DNA sequence analysis. In this study, we describe the development and validation of a novel quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) assay for rapid and specific detection of V. nonalfalfae MLST2 in plant tissues. The assay targets the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene and was shown to detect all tested isolates of V. nonalfalfae MLST2 with a detection limit of approximately 2 pg of pathogen genomic DNA. There was no cross-reaction with V. nonalfalfae MLST1, other Verticillium species, or non-target fungal species found on kiwifruit. This assay was duplexed with a plant internal control for simultaneous detection of the pathogen and cytochrome oxidase gene from the host plant. This new specific and sensitive qPCR assay is a valuable molecular diagnostic tool for rapid screening of imported plant material and would also be useful for testing samples collected from field surveillance activities to monitor the presence of V. nonalfalfae MLST2.
Integrating Palliative Care Into Self-management of Breast Cancer
Authors: Schulman-Green Dena , Linsky Sarah , Jeon Sangchoon , Holland Margaret L. , Kapo Jennifer , Blatt Leslie , Adams Catherine , Chagpar Anees B.
Published: March 2022

Background

Breast cancer patients may not be well-informed about palliative care, hindering its integration into cancer self-management.

Objective

The aim of this study was to test Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide (MCC-PT), an intervention to improve palliative care literacy and cancer self-management.

Methods

This was a single-blind pilot randomized controlled trial to evaluate the feasibility/acceptability and intervention effects of MCC-PT on palliative care literacy, self-management behaviors/emotions, and moderation by demographic/clinical characteristics. We enrolled 71 stages I to IV breast cancer patients aged at least 21 years, with >6-month prognosis at an academic cancer center. Patients were randomized to MCC-PT (n = 32) versus symptom management education as attention-control (n = 39). At baseline, 1 month, and 3 months, participants completed the Knowledge of Care Options Test (primary outcome), Control Preferences Scale, Goals of Care Form, Medical Communication Competence Scale, Measurement of Transitions in Cancer Scale, Chronic Disease Self-efficacy Scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale.

Results

Mean participant age was 51.5 years (range, 28–74 years); 53.5% were racial/ethnic minority patients, and 40.8% had stage III/IV cancer. After adjusting for race/ethnicity, MCC-PT users improved their palliative care literacy with a large effect size (partial η
2 = 0.13). Patients at late stage of disease showed increased self-management (partial η
2 = 0.05) and reduced anxiety (partial η
2 = 0.05) and depression (partial η
2 = 0.07) with medium effect sizes.

Conclusions

Managing Cancer Care: A Personal Guide is feasible and appears most effective in late-stage cancer. Research is needed to elucidate relationships among cancer stage, race/ethnicity, and self-management outcomes.

Implications for Practice

Integration of palliative care into cancer care can assist in creation of appropriate self-management plans and improve emotional outcomes.
DigiYatra – a digital experience for air travelers
Authors: Heggde Githa , Khanka Sheetal , Damodaran Akhil
Published: March 2022

Learning outcomes

Students will learn technology strategies specific to airports. Students will understand the reason for the success of Bengaluru International Airport. Students will learn to apply management models in airport settings. Students will improve their understanding of airport business, airport-related technologies, specifically in the Indian settings.

Case overview/Synopsis

DigiYatra is a revolutionary initiative by the Government of India to digitalize all the airports in India, making your face your boarding pass. Bengaluru International Airport Limited (BIAL) is at the forefront of this initiative. As one of the early public–private partnership airports, BIAL has seen many challenges over time but could succeed in all its endeavour. The case discusses the journey of DigiYatra, which BIAL has taken through the eyes of the Chairman, Hari Marar. The case goes through several layers like initial planning, creating the team, implementation challenges, technology strategy adopted and how they tackled Covid lockdown challenges to complete the project's initial phase.

Complexity academic level

Post graduate students.

Supplementary materials

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

Subject code

CSS 11: Strategy.
Emergency department utilisation by patients with a diagnosis of borderline personality disorder: An acute response to a chronic disorder
Authors: Broadbear Jillian H , Rotella Joe‐Anthony , Lorenze Donna , Rao Sathya
Published: March 2022

Objective

Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) are likely to attend the ED while experiencing crises and associated self‐injury and suicidality. Our study describes the prevalence, features, and outcomes associated with ED presentations by patients diagnosed with BPD in Outer Eastern Melbourne, Australia.

Methods

A retrospective electronic audit of 157 364 ED attendances identified 700 unique BPD‐related ED presentations between May 2015 and April 2016. For the purpose of comparison, 583 (81% female) of these 700 cases were matched with ‘depression only’ cases. ED re‐presentation data were also extracted.

Results

The 583 matched BPD patients attended ED a total of 2807 times during the audit year compared with 1092 attendances for matched depression‐only patients. BPD patients were more likely to: arrive by ambulance (50%); have comorbid substance abuse (44%); have a psychotic (15%) or bipolar disorder (17%); be under the care of a psychiatrist (31%); be case‐managed (42%); and be admitted to an inpatient unit (21%). ED doctors saw 38% of BPD or depression patients within the recommended time according to their triage category. The majority (73%) of BPD patients attended ED more than once during the audit year (average 4.81 ± 6.63 times; range 2–78).

Conclusion

Repeated ED attendance of a subset of patients diagnosed with BPD highlights both the severity of their presentation and the inadequacy of community mental health services for meeting their complex needs. Development of effective ED referral pathways with follow‐up to engage patients in BPD‐appropriate treatment will reduce the likelihood of crises and reliance on hospital EDs for acute episodic care.
Basic cancer immunology for radiation oncologists
Authors: Sia Joseph , Neeson Paul J , Haynes Nicole M
Published: March 2022

Although the impressive clinical responses seen with modern cancer immunotherapy are currently limited to a subset of patients, the underlying paradigm shift has resulted in now hardly a segment in oncology that has not been touched by the immuno‐oncology revolution. A growing body of data indicates that radiation therapy (RT) can modulate the tumour immune microenvironment and complement cancer immunotherapy via non‐overlapping mechanisms to reinvigorate immunity against cancer. Thus, increasingly RT is viewed as a highly unique partner for immunotherapy across the spectrum of cancer settings, as radiobiology and cancer immunology foreseeably become more intertwined. Considering these developments, this review summarises the key concepts and terminology in immunology for the radiation oncologist, with a focus on the cancer setting and with reference to important recent advances. These concepts will provide a starting point for understanding the strategies that underlie current and emerging immunotherapy trials, as well as the indirect effects of RT by which immune responses against cancer are shaped.
“That's Why We Hold Hands”: Gadugi and the Path Toward Indigenizing a PWI
Authors: Adcock Trey , Lasher Rebecca
Published: March 2022

This article seeks to extend our understanding of how American Indian college students’ success is crafted from their lived experiences and ancestral understanding to create community on a college campus. Using a methodology of portraiture, the Cherokee concept of gadugi is explored as a formidable concept to indigenize spaces on a primarily white institution campus. The findings highlight the strength and agency of Eastern Band of Cherokee Indian students in disrupting the marginalizing structures of a settler academy.