bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Gilbert Rebecca , Khemani Pravin
Published: January 2021

Advanced Parkinson’s disease (PD) often brings a set of motor and non-motor features that are particularly challenging to manage. Medication options can be limited by side-effects and quality of life can be severely affected by an accumulating burden of nonmotor symptoms. Here, we reviewed the literature and our clinical experience with the aim of providing a practical approach to the management of advanced PD. We provide guidelines for treatment of physical and neurobehavioral concerns, that occur in advanced PD.
Acute respiratory distress syndrome and COVID-19 in a child with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Sukhdeo Simone , Negroponte Emily , Rajasekhar Hariprem , Gaur Sunanda , Horton Daniel B , Malhotra Amisha , Moorthy L Nandini
Published: January 2021

We report a case of COVID-19 in a pediatric patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), who presented with respiratory distress marked by increased work of breathing and low oxygen saturation. Lab tests confirmed COVID-19, and showed lymphocytopenia and elevated markers of inflammation and coagulopathy. Chest X-ray showed bilateral mid-lung opacities, and the patient required intubation early in his disease course. Imaging and clinical findings were consistent with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with inflammation. The patient was treated with different combinations of antivirals (hydroxychloroquine and remdesivir), cytokine inhibitors (anakinra and tocilizumab), glucocorticoids (hydrocortisone and methylprednisolone), and an anticoagulant (enoxaparin). Inflammatory markers decreased before clinical improvement in lung aeration. This case highlights the potential for pediatric patients with SLE to present with COVID-19 similar to the clinical presentation described in adults.
Clustered longitudinal data subject to irregular observation
Authors: Pullenayegum Eleanor M , Birken Catherine , Maguire Jonathon ,   The TARGet Kids! Collaboration
Published: January 2021

Data collected longitudinally as part of usual health care is becoming increasingly available for research, and is often available across several centres. Because the frequency of follow-up is typically determined by the patient’s health, the timing of measurements may be related to the outcome of interest. Failure to account for the informative nature of the observation process can result in biased inferences. While methods for accounting for the association between observation frequency and outcome are available, they do not currently account for clustering within centres. We formulate a semi-parametric joint model to include random effects for centres as well as subjects. We also show how inverse-intensity weighted GEEs can be adapted to account for clustering, comparing stratification, frailty models, and covariate adjustment to account for clustering in the observation process. The finite-sample performance of the proposed methods is evaluated through simulation and the methods illustrated using a study of the relationship between outdoor play and air quality in children aged 2–9 living in the Greater Toronto Area.
Noise of Investors’ Attention Mania in the Twenty-first-Century Indian Stock Markets: ARDL and Augmented GARCH-X Models
Authors: Sinha Paritosh Chandra
Published: January 2021

What brings the equilibrium consensus in the stock markets? We hypothesize that the markets’ equilibrium consensus depends on the noise of investors’ attention mania (NIAM). We refer to the NIAM as investors’ attention heterogeneity and explore its impacts on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) Nifty and Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Sensex stocks market returns. We use the methodology of the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) and augmented generalized autoregressiuve conditional heteroskedacity (GARCH)-X model, and we examine if there is the presence of NIAM at online attention searches within and across the attention layers, and within and across the stated two stock markets from 2004 to 2019 for investors’ economic–political attention searches. We have revealed that the impacts of the NIAM on the market returns are diverse in nature at the different attention layers and stock markets as well. Besides the ARCH and GARCH effects, we also document the presence of familiarity bias, attention confidence or confusion, and attention integration in the short run and long run.
The Multiple Facilitator: Scientists, Sages and Rascals
Authors: Jansen Rob J. G. , van Zelst Marino
Published: January 2021

Background.

Games are designed to help participants think about, understand, sharpen their problem statement as well as the specific objectives to be achieved to escape the problem situation. When participants prepare for the game (briefing), interact in the simulated environment (gameplay), and self- or jointly reflect about the gameplay they faced in terms of intended and unintended learning experiences (debrief), they benefit or suffer from facilitating that can or cannot fully cater to their needs. To support the participants to explore and resolve the problem situation in order to achieve learning goals, we propose that facilitators can make use of role shifts during gameplay.

Method.

To capture the role shifts in the gameplay phase we studied game runs of the MicroTech game. The MicroTech game is a free-form game in which participants play the role of top management team or division managers in a multiunit organization.

Results.

We analyzed the role shifts we experienced as facilitators by elaborating on game events and how we could manage those events differently in future game runs if necessary. We show a need for facilitators to be able to embody multiple roles in the case of policy gaming that are in fit with the different phases, while there is a simultaneous need to shift within phases in order to keep participants moving and stimulating them to work towards the learning goals.

Conclusion.

Gaming/simulation facilitators should explore what multiplicity is required of them to make the game a success. Although this may seem normal practice to well-prepared and professionally trained facilitators, this may be particularly important for novice facilitators.
Intermediate-Term Outcomes of a Third-Generation, 2-Component Total Ankle Prosthesis
Authors: Rushing Calvin J. , Mckenna Bryon J. , Zulauf Emily A. , Hyer Christopher F. , Berlet Gregory C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Short-term outcomes for the INBONE I and INBONE II tibial stems have been favorable. The INBONE-II talus has been shown to have lower reoperation and failure rates compared to its predecessor at short term follow-up. The purpose of the present study was to assess mid-term outcomes for the third generation, two component total ankle prosthesis at 5 to 9 years follow-up, evaluating both the tibial and talar components.

Methods:

All patients who underwent primary total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) with INBONE-II between July 2010 and July 2014 at a single institution and who were at least 5 years postoperative were included. A total of 15 ankles with a mean follow-up of 85 months (range, 61-113 months) met the criteria. Radiographs were assessed using coronal and sagittal alignment parameters preoperatively, at 6 weeks postoperatively, and at the most recent follow-up. Medical records were reviewed and revisions, reoperations, and complications were classified according to the criteria established by Vander Griend et al and Glazebrook et al, respectively.

Results:

The survivorship of the prosthesis at a mean of 85 months was 93.7%. The coronal and sagittal tibiotalar alignments 6 weeks after surgery were 2.1 degrees ( P = .081) and 36% ( P = .15), respectively. Maintenance of this alignment was observed during the latest follow-up ( P = .684 and P = .837, respectively). One ankle (6.7%) required early component revision, while 4 (26.7%) required a non–implant-related revision. Six complications (2 high grade, 1 intermediate, and 3 low) in 5 ankles (33.3%) were recorded according to the Glazebrook classification system.

Conclusion:

The present study is the first to report midterm follow-up after TAA with this third-generation, 2-component prothesis. High survivorship, maintenance of correction, and a low incidence of major complications were observed in this small case series. The most common complication overall was lateral gutter impingement, which accounted for the majority of the nonrevisional reoperations.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
Are Librarians Prepared to Serve Students With Autism Spectrum Disorder? A Content Analysis of Graduate Programs
Authors: Layden Selena J. , Anderson Amelia , Hayden Kera E.
Published: January 2021

Libraries provide invaluable services and supports to members of their communities, including school communities. Those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can receive particular benefits from their libraries, including supports in the areas of academics, social skills, communication, technology, literacy, leisure skills, and even employment skills. Additionally, librarians have reported ASD as the highest disability area they are asked to accommodate. In addition, school librarians have requirements under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) to support students they serve in their setting. While professional librarians are prepared for their field through high-quality accredited programs, very few programs provide coursework specific to individuals with disabilities and even fewer with any coursework in the area of ASD. This study utilized content analysis to review 90 librarian preparation programs yielding only five course syllabi from four universities that include courses in supporting individuals with disabilities. Only two of the five courses reviewed included information about individuals with ASD specifically. This study identifies a gap in training for preservice librarians that contributes to the needs already expressed by those in the field.
The machine without the ghost: Early interactive television in Japan
Authors: Rodwell Elizabeth A
Published: January 2021

This article is part of an ongoing ethnography of the Japanese television industry focusing on its attempts to experiment with live, interactive content that was manipulable via smart devices, laptops, and remote controls. Based on 18 months of fieldwork in the Japanese television industry in four major TV network offices and two production companies, it also incorporates interviews with more than 30 broadcast company employees. I use two case studies of early interactive television programming to discuss the strategies producers have used to create community and promote identification among audiences of these shows: ‘ Arashi Feat. You’ was a live music event that courted a large audience through the involvement of a massively popular boy band and promoted the idea of ‘turning viewers into users’ by allowing them to play musical instruments along with the band. ‘ The Last Award’ allowed participants to submit and evaluate each other’s videos live through a dedicated user interface. Through these examples, I argue that participation alters the nature of television spectacle and results in changes to the way producers address and inscribe audiences as cocreators of content. The rhetoric used by interactive television accordingly defaults to ‘we’ and ‘us’ and features accessible and relatable celebrities as surrogates for the audience.
Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction and the six w’s: Who, How, Why, When, What, and Where to diagnose and operate?
Authors: Podda M. , Khan M. , Di Saverio S.
Published: January 2021

Background and Aims:

Approximately 75% of patients admitted with small bowel obstruction have intra-abdominal adhesions as their cause (adhesive small bowel obstruction). Up to 70% of adhesive small bowel obstruction cases, in the absence of strangulation and bowel ischemia, can be successfully treated with conservative management. However, emerging evidence shows that surgery performed early during the first episode of adhesive small bowel obstruction is highly effective. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize the current evidence on adhesive small bowel obstruction management strategies.

Materials and Methods:

A review of the literature published over the last 20 years was performed to assess Who, hoW, Why, When, What, and Where diagnose and operate on patients with adhesive small bowel obstruction.

Results:

Adequate patient selection through physical examination and computed tomography is the key factor of the entire management strategy, as failure to detect patients with strangulated adhesive small bowel obstruction and bowel ischemia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The indication for surgical exploration is usually defined as a failure to pass contrast into the ascending colon within 8–24 h. However, operative management with early adhesiolysis, defined as operative intervention on either the calendar day of admission or the calendar day after admission, has recently shown to be associated with an overall long-term survival benefit compared to conservative management. Regarding the surgical technique, laparoscopy should be used only in selected patients with an anticipated single obstructing band, and there should be a low threshold for conversion to an open procedure in cases of high risk of bowel injuries.

Conclusion:

Although most adhesive small bowel obstruction patients without suspicion of bowel strangulation or gangrene are currently managed nonoperatively, the long-term outcomes following this approach need to be analyzed in a more exhaustive way, as surgery performed early during the first episode of adhesive small bowel obstruction has shown to be highly effective, with a lower rate of recurrence.
Numerical investigation of plastic flow and residual stresses generated in hydroformed tubes
Authors: Ktari A , Abdelkefi A , Guermazi N , Malecot P , Boudeau N
Published: January 2021

During tube hydroforming process, the friction conditions between the tube and the die have a great importance on the material plastic flow and the distribution of residual stresses of the final component. Indeed, a three-dimensional finite element model of a tube hydroforming process in the case of square section die has been performed, using dynamic and static approaches, to study the effect of the friction conditions on both plastic flow and residual stresses induced by the process. First, a comparative study between numerical and experimental results has been carried out to validate the finite element model. After that, various coefficients of friction were considered to study their effect on the thinning phenomenon and the residual stresses distribution. Different points have been retained from this study. The thinning is located in the transition zone cited between the straight wall and the corner zones of hydroformed tube due to the die–tube contact conditions changes during the process. In addition, it is clear that both die–tube friction conditions and the tube bending effects, which occurs respectively in the tube straight wall and corner zones, are the principal causes of the obtained residual stresses distribution along the tube cross-section.
Differentiating graffiti in Macao: activity types, multimodality and institutional appropriation
Authors: Zhang Hong , Chan Brian Hok-Shing
Published: January 2021

Multimodal graffiti are constrained by the environment in which they are written and by the activities in which graffiti writing takes place. This article examines graffiti collected in Graffiti Park and Nam Van Lake Underground in Macao. The graffiti in the two sites display systematic differences in topics, objectives, subjects, affordance, texture and framing, which are attributed to varied activity types and the multimodality/materiality of public space. Specifically, those in Graffiti Park – a small and secluded area – are products of one-off activities attended by professional writers, ordinary citizens and tourists. Nam Van Lakeside has a more visible space, and yet the graffiti there – largely murals painted by a few commissioned writers – display limited topics/themes under institutional appropriation. The materiality of the wall space also contributes to the variations in styles and contents of graffiti in the two sites.
Montage and the illumination of developmental thinking in welfare work
Authors: Thygesen Stine , Øland Trine
Published: January 2021

This article illuminates and interrupts the existence of progress as an imperative haunting welfare work. The article argues that there are forces and structures of welfare work that the dominating ways of approaching history leave unexamined and that this insight calls for a more complex relationship with history. Based on Walter Benjamin’s philosophy of history, the article explores how the montage as an analytical performance can illuminate the hauntings of modern welfare work, which makes us see the depth and persistence of progress. The article concludes by making it possible for welfare workers to think differently; to listen to and let the ghosts of development and progress pass, and to get along with the unreason and irrationality of the other. The actual montage of the article is composed with reference to a study of welfare work with foster children in Denmark.
Comparison of Induction Chemotherapy Plus Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy and Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy Alone in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Xu Guoqiang , Wang Qiaoli , Wu Xingrao , Lv Chunyan , Zeng Guilin , Xue Zhihong , Cao Ruixue , Zhang Nan , Xiong Wei , Huang Qin
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy and concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone are both standard treatment regimens for managing locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, the results of comparisons between them in clinical trials vary. Therefore, we designed this meta-analysis to illustrate their advantages and disadvantages in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Methods:

We thoroughly searched the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases and then merged the effect indicators of hazard ratios and risk ratios using RevMan 5.1.

Results:

Seven randomized controlled trials totaling 2,319 patients were included in our research. The synthesized results showed that induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved overall survival (HR = 0.75, 95% CI: 0.63-0.89, P = 0.001), progression-free survival (HR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.60-0.80, P < 0.001), distant metastasis-free survival (HR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.53-0.80, P < 0.001) and locoregional recurrence-free survival (HR = 0.68 95%, CI: 0.54-0.86, P = 0.001) versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone. It also increased the risk of anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neutropenia during concurrent chemoradiotherapy. However, the incidence of leukopenia and mucositis was similar in induction chemotherapy and induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. Furthermore, the subgroup analysis showed better survival outcomes with induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy than with concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone in the triweekly cisplatin subgroup (all P < 0.01), whereas induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy could only improve progression-free survival and locoregional recurrence-free survival in the weekly cisplatin subgroup (HR = 0.78, P = 0.02; and HR = 0.66, P = 0.03, respectively).

Conclusions:

Induction chemotherapy plus concurrent chemoradiotherapy improved survival outcomes in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy. For the weekly cisplatin regimen subgroup, it did not improve remote control or overall survival versus concurrent chemoradiotherapy alone, warranting further clarification.
Embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula during twin pregnancy – A case report and literature review
Authors: Ishigami Daiichiro , Koizumi Satoshi , Ishikawa Osamu , Toshimitsu Masatake , Iriyama Takayuki , Miyawaki Satoru , Saito Nobuhito
Published: January 2021

Background

Several literature reviews have suggested that pregnancy may trigger the formation of dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF). However, few case reports have described DAVF discovered during pregnancy, and treatment strategies remain largely unknown. Case description: A 28-year-old primigravid woman without any medical history of note presented to our hospital for natural twin conception. She started to feel left-sided pulsatile tinnitus in 23 weeks of gestation. Magnetic resonance imaging of the head raised suspicion of left cavernous sinus DAVF with leptomeningeal venous drainage. Considering the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage due to the increased cardiac output in the third trimester of a twin pregnancy, we performed transarterial embolization for the DAVF, which was successfully achieved without complications in 28 weeks of gestation. Tinnitus resolved immediately after the procedure, and the postoperative course proved uneventful. Both fetuses were safely delivered by cesarean section on 37 1/7 weeks of gestation.

Conclusions

We encountered a case of cavernous sinus DAVF during a twin pregnancy. This case suggests that hemodynamic shift due to pregnancy has potential to cause higher shunt flow in an arteriovenous fistula. The timing of treatment should be determined in consideration of the hemodynamic change in the course of pregnancy. If X-ray exposures and iodine contrast media are appropriately managed, endovascular intervention is one treatment option, even during pregnancy.
Regulation of CAMP (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) expression in adipocytes by TLR 2 and 4
Authors: Höpfinger Alexandra , Karrasch Thomas , Schäffler Andreas , Schmid Andreas
Published: January 2021

Recent data argue for a pro-inflammatory role of CAMP (cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide) in adipocytes and adipose tissue (AT) and for regulatory circuits involving TLRs. In order to investigate regulatory effects of TLR2 and TLR4, 3T3-L1 adipocytes were stimulated with TLR2 agonistic lipopeptide MALP-2 and with TLR4 agonist LPS in presence or absence of signal transduction inhibitors. CAMP gene expression was analysed by quantitative real-time PCR in adipocytes and in murine AT compartments and cellular subfractions. CAMP expression was higher in gonadal than in subcutaneous AT and there was a gender-specific effect with higher levels in males. Adipocytes had higher CAMP expression than the stroma-vascular cell (SVC) fraction. MALP-2 up-regulated CAMP expression significantly, mediated by STAT3 and PI3K and potentially (non-significant trend) by NF-κB and MAPK, but not by raf-activated MEK-1/-2. Moreover, LPS proved to act as a potent inducer of CAMP via NF-κB, PI3K and STAT3, whereas specific inhibition of MAPK and MEK-1/-2 had no effect. In conclusion, activation of TLR2 and TLR4 by classical ligands up-regulates adipocyte CAMP expression involving classical signal transduction elements. These might represent future drug targets for pharmacological modulation of CAMP expression in adipocytes, especially in the context of metabolic and infectious diseases.
Covid-19 and some contours of India’s ongoing agrarian crisis
Authors: De Roy Shantanu , Saratchand C.
Published: January 2021

The onset of the Covid-19 pandemic has led to an aggravation of the agrarian crisis in India. The rural proletariat, poor peasants, and a section of middle peasants in India have been adversely affected. The paper advances a composite policy initiative to deal with this aggravation of the agrarian crisis involving an expansion of the existing rural employment guarantee schemes, various input subsidies to farmers, universal provision of safety gear for rural producers, and an expanded public procurement of food grains. It concludes with the political prognosis of the proposed composite policy initiative.
The Prevalence of Odontogenic Pathology in Patients With Bilateral Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Matsumoto Yuma , Yokoi Hidenori , Ikeda Tetsuya , Kawada Michitsugu , Saito Koichiro
Published: January 2021

Objective

We investigated cases with opacification on maxillary sinus computed tomography (CT) among patients with rhinosinusitis with opacification in both paranasal sinuses (bilateral rhinosinusitis) to confirm the involvement of odontogenic infections.

Methods

This study included 75 patients who were diagnosed with bilateral rhinosinusitis based on clinical examination and evident opacification on at least one side on maxillary sinus imaging with computed tomography CT. The definition of odontogenic sinusitis was determined by examining EPT and oral findings, in addition to the CT and orthopantomography (OP), by one oral surgeon and two otolaryngologists.

Results

We found that 45.3% of patients had odontogenic infections, which were associated with multiple infected teeth in some cases. Odontogenic infection was observed in both sinuses in some patients. Sinusitis with polyps was frequently associated with dental infection, and some cases were also associated with mycosis. Almost no oral symptoms were observed.

Conclusions

The results suggest that clinicians should consider odontogenic infection in patients with bilateral rhinosinusitis with opacification, on at least one side on maxillary sinus imaging. This means that accurate diagnosis may be challenging for otolaryngologist or dentists alone, suggesting that a collaboration between the two would be suitable for this task.
Black Lives Matter in Criminology? Let’s Prove It
Authors: Russell-Brown Katheryn
Published: January 2021

This essay examines the the academic journey—graduate school to full professor—of an African American professor of criminology and criminal justice. The essay discusses the how criminology and criminologists address race issues and offers a wish list of strategies designed to address problematic practices and racial pitfalls within criminology programs.
Bibliometric Analysis of Statistics Journals Indexed in Web of Science Under Emerging Source Citation Index
Authors: Butt Nadeem Shafique , Malik Ahmad Azam , Shahbaz Muhammad Qaiser
Published: January 2021

Over the last few decades, statistics and probability became an integral part of major research areas with continuously increasing demand. This article aimed for bibliometric analysis of journals indexed in the category of “Statistics and Probability” under Emerging Source Citation Index (ESCI) of Web of Science (WoS) (2015–2019). After data extraction from WoS, the bibliometric analysis at source, author, and document levels was performed using “Bibliometrix” R-package. Out of 38 journals indexed in ESCI, 32 that fulfilled the criteria were selected. In total, 4,294 documents were retrieved and analyzed by various bibliometric metrices, and appropriate data presentation tools were planned. Sixteen countries were found as origin of sources, mainly from USA and India while 10 countries had one journal each. Among journals, Korean Journal of Applied Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems and Advances and Applications in Statistics contributed the most. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews-Computational Statistics, Journal of Statistics & Management Systems, and Pakistan Journal of Statistics and Operation Research showed leading impact indices. Total number of authors were 6,374. Only one document was cited more than 100 times. Countries collaboration network showed three main groups with minor overlap. Two clusters of keywords namely survey sampling and distribution theory were found. Overall, a consistent publication production trend was observed. Countries with relatively higher impact journals were USA, India, and Pakistan. Total citations and average citations showed dominance of developed countries. Study findings can benefit researchers and other stakeholders of the study subject to plan with better informed decisions.
Acceptability and Impact of Office-Based Resistance Exercise Breaks
Authors: Kowalsky Robert J. , Hergenroeder Andrea L. , Barone Gibbs Bethany
Published: January 2021

Background:

Breaking up sedentary behavior with standing or walking can decrease discomfort, fatigue, and sleepiness. However, less is known about acceptability and impact of resistance exercise breaks on these outcomes. Therefore, we evaluated the acceptability of resistance exercise breaks and their influence on discomfort, physical and mental fatigue, and sleepiness during occupational sitting.

Methods:

Workers completed two 4-hour conditions in random order: prolonged sitting (SIT) and sitting with hourly resistance exercise breaks (REX). All outcomes were measured at baseline and every hour thereafter with five total breaks. Linear mixed models evaluated overall condition effects and differences at each hour. Cohen’s d estimated magnitudes of effect. Acceptability was assessed via questionnaire after the REX condition and reported as percentages.

Findings:

Fourteen adults (age: 53.4 ± 9.5 years, body mass index [BMI]: 30.9 ± 4.8 kg/m2) were enrolled. Although ratings of discomfort, fatigue, and sleepiness were typically lower during REX as compared with SIT, overall outcomes were not significantly different between conditions ( p > .05). However, a significant reduction in mental fatigue at hour 4 in favor of the REX condition (β = −0.48 log-points, p < .05, d = 0.37) was observed. Program acceptability questions revealed the majority (>50%) of participants reported a “4” or “5” on a 5-point Likert-type scale for all questions, indicating high acceptability for implementation.

Conclusions/Application to Practice:

Resistance exercise breaks had high acceptability and provided preliminary evidence of improving ratings of mental fatigue. More research is needed to better understand the role of resistance training to reduce sedentary behavior.
Emergency Department Visits From 2014 to 2018 for Head Injuries in Youth Non-Tackle Football Compared With Other Sports
Authors: Zendler Jessica M. , Jadischke Ron , Frantz Jared , Hall Steve , Goulet Grant C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Non-tackle football (ie, flag, touch, 7v7) is purported to be a lower-risk alternative to tackle football, particularly in terms of head injuries. However, data on head injuries in non-tackle football are sparse, particularly among youth participants.

Purpose:

To describe the epidemiology of  emergency department visits for head injuries due to non-tackle football among youth players in the United States and compare the data with basketball, soccer, and tackle football.

Study Design:

Descriptive epidemiology study.

Methods:

Injury data from 2014 to 2018 were obtained from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database. Injury reports coded for patients aged 6 to 18 years and associated with basketball, football, or soccer were extracted. Data were filtered to include only injuries to the head region, specifically, the head, ear, eyeball, mouth, or face. Football injuries were manually assigned to “non-tackle” or “tackle” based on the injury narratives. Sports & Fitness Industry Association data were used to estimate annual sport participation and calculate annual injury rates per 100,000 participant-years.

Results:

A total of 26,770 incident reports from 2014 to 2018 were analyzed. For head region injuries in non-tackle football, the head was the most commonly injured body part, followed by the face; the most common diagnosis was a laceration, followed by concussion and internal injury (defined as an unspecified head injury or internal head injury [eg, subdural hematoma or cerebral contusion]). The most common contacting object was another player. The projected national rate of head region injuries was lowest for non-tackle football across the 4 sports. In particular, the projected rate of injuries to the head for non-tackle football (78.0 per 100,000 participant-years) was less than one-fourth the rates for basketball (323.5 per 100,000 participant-years) and soccer (318.2 per 100,000 participant-years) and less than one-tenth the rate for tackle football (1478.6 per 100,000 participant-years).

Conclusion:

Among youth in the United States aged 6 to 18 years who were treated in the emergency department for injuries related to playing non-tackle football, the most common diagnosis for injuries to the head region was a laceration, followed by a concussion. Head region injuries associated with non-tackle football occurred at a notably lower rate than basketball, soccer, or tackle football.
Tunnel Enlargement Correlates With Postoperative Posterior Laxity After Double-Bundle Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Tachibana Yuta , Tanaka Yoshinari , Kinugasa Kazutaka , Mae Tatsuo , Horibe Shuji
Published: January 2021

Background:

There exists little information in the relevant literature regarding tunnel enlargement after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCLR).

Purpose:

To sequentially evaluate tunnel enlargement and radiographic posterior laxity through double-bundle PCLR using autologous hamstring tendon grafts.

Study Design:

Case series; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

We prospectively analyzed 13 patients who underwent double-bundle PCLR for an isolated PCL injury. Three-dimensional computed tomography images were obtained at 3 weeks, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively, and the tunnel enlargement was calculated by sequentially comparing the cross-sectional areas of the bone tunnels. We also sequentially measured radiographic posterior laxity. The correlation between the tunnel enlargement ratio and the postoperative increase in posterior laxity was evaluated.

Results:

The cross-sectional area at the aperture in each tunnel significantly increased from 3 weeks to 6 months ( P < .003), but it did not continue doing so thereafter. The 6-month tunnel enlargement ratios of the femoral anterolateral tunnel, the femoral posteromedial tunnel, the tibial anterolateral tunnel, and the tibial posteromedial tunnel were 31.6% ± 23.5%, 90.3% ± 54.7%, 30.5% ± 26.8%, and 49.6% ± 37.0%, respectively, while the corresponding ratios at 1 year were 28.1% ± 19.8%, 83.1% ± 56.9%, 26.8% ± 32.8%, and 47.6% ± 39.0%, respectively. The posterior laxity was 9.0 ± 4.0 mm, −1.5 ± 2.3 mm, 3.4 ± 2.0 mm, and 3.9 ± 1.9 mm, preoperatively, immediately after surgery, 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, respectively. From the immediate postoperative period, the posterior laxity significantly increased at 6 months postoperatively ( P < .001), but it did not thereafter. The postoperative increase in posterior laxity had a significant positive correlation with the anterolateral tunnel enlargement ratio in both femoral and tibial tunnels at 6 months (ρ = 0.571-0.699; P = .011-.041) and 1 year (ρ = 0.582-0.615; P = .033-.037).

Conclusion:

Tunnel enlargement after PCLR mainly occurred within 6 months, with no progression thereafter. The anterolateral tunnel enlargement positively correlated with postoperative increase in posterior laxity.
Healthy Pediatric Athletes Have Significant Baseline Limb Asymmetries on Common Return-to-Sport Physical Performance Tests
Authors: Magill John R. , Myers Heather S. , Lentz Trevor A. , Pietrosimone Laura S. , Risoli Thomas , Green Cindy L. , Reinke Emily K. , Messer Michael R. , Riboh Jonathan C.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in children is associated with a much higher risk (∼30%) of subsequent ACL injury than in adults. Most RTS testing protocols use a limb symmetry index (LSI) ≥90% on physical performance tests (PPTs) to assess an athlete’s readiness for sport. This assumes that, in a healthy state, the physical performances across both lower extremities are and should be equal.

Purpose:

To determine the prevalence of limb asymmetries >10% in the uninjured pediatric population on common PPTs as well as to explore the relationship between athlete variables, limb preference, and LSI values.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

This study included healthy volunteers (N = 100) evenly distributed between the ages of 6 and 18 years (mean age, 11.7 ± 3.6 years; 52% female). Participants performed 9 common PPTs. For analysis, we developed a composite score for each limb by averaging trials. We then calculated the LSI for each test. Univariable and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between athlete variables (age, sex, height, and weight) and LSI for each PPT.

Results:

Instances of poor baseline limb symmetry (<90% LSI) were common across all PPTs. The single-leg timed hop had the highest percentage of participants, with LSI ≥90% at 73%, while the stork on a Bosu ball had the lowest percentage at 23%. After adjusting for age, female sex showed a significant association with LSI for the stork test ( P = .010) and the quadrant hop–counterclockwise ( P = .021). Additionally, after adjusting for sex, increasing age showed a significant association with LSI for the stork test ( P < .001), single-leg squat on a Bosu ball ( P = .010), quadrant hop–clockwise ( P = .016), and quadrant hop–counterclockwise ( P = .009).

Conclusion:

The majority of healthy athletes 18 years and younger demonstrated significant (<90%) limb asymmetries. Limb symmetry was not consistently affected by participant age or sex, and the effect sizes of these relationships were small. These findings should encourage clinicians and coaches to exercise caution in using the LSI as an isolated measure of RTS readiness after injury in pediatric athletes.
Creating a comprehensive peaceful assembly law for Ukraine: Idea and ideal
Authors: Mykhailiuk Galyna , DiMatteo Larry A
Published: January 2021

The right to freedom of peaceful assembly is guaranteed by Article 39 of the Ukrainian Constitution. However, there is no stand-alone law or case law that defines, regulates and supports the process of organizing and conducting peaceful assemblies. This is largely due to the fact that until the 2014 Maidan Revolution (Euromaidan), Ukraine’s history was one of autocratic rule. This article argues that given this historical context, secondary legislation is needed to safeguard this freedom and entrench it into Ukrainian legal culture. The idea of the right to peaceful assembly is sacrosanct. This article analyses the key elements needed to transform this idea into an ideal law. For example, any such legislation should follow the spirit of the European Convention of Human Rights (ECHR), especially in the area of limitations of the personal freedom. Ukraine has moved forward on a broad reform agenda including reforms of the judiciary in order to create an independent and competent court system. It is widely recognized that such a system is needed to fight widespread corruption. The article argues that now is the time to enact a law on peaceful assembly in order to elevate Ukraine’s legal system to EU and international standards.
Book review: A. S. Rathore, A Philosophy of Autobiography: Body and Text
Authors: Prabha Nayan
Published: January 2021

A. S. Rathore, A Philosophy of Autobiography: Body and Text. London: Routledge, 2018. 164 pp., ₹995, ISBN: 9781138496590, DOI: 10.4324/9780429427299.
The Virality of Pandemics: Reassembling the Social in the Anthropocene
Authors: Ray Subhadeepta
Published: January 2021

Since the outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), which was the first pandemic of the twenty-first century, viral epidemics, such as the avian flu, swine flu, Ebola, COVID-19, et cetera, have been appearing with increasing frequency. The adaptation of existing diseases and the emergence of novel viruses are a cause of concern and need to be situated in the context of the anthropogenic events such as deforestation, collapsing biodiversity, species extinction and the melting of polar ice caps. Can the virus make us rethink the categories of life–non-life and classificatory practices of biology? How does the trope of immunity link viral diseases and modern forms of biopower? I attempt to locate the virus as an actor in the evolution of life on the planet that sutures the domains of biological, social, political and the geological. The virus forces us to re-examine our conception of sociality, which is predicated on instituting dichotomies of human–non-human and nature–culture. The reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic may help in overcoming the inertia and helplessness in facing planetary climate crisis.
Provider self-efficacy in delivering evidence-based psychosocial interventions: A scoping review
Authors: Shapiro Cheri J , Watson MacDonell Kathleen , Moran Mariah
Published: January 2021

Background:

Among the many variables that affect implementation of evidence-based interventions in real-world settings, self-efficacy is one of the most important factors at the provider level of the social ecology. Yet, research on the construct of provider self-efficacy remains limited.

Objectives:

This scoping review was conducted to enhance understanding of the construct of provider self-efficacy and to examine how the construct is defined and measured in the context of implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions.

Design:

Online databases were used to identify 190 papers published from 1999 to June of 2018 that included search terms for providers, evidence-based, and self-efficacy. To be eligible for the scoping review, papers needed to focus on the self-efficacy of mental health providers to deliver evidence-based psychosocial interventions. A total of 15 publications were included in the review.

Results:

The construct of provider self-efficacy is not clearly defined but is typically described as confidence to deliver a specific intervention or practice. A range of measures are used to assess provider self-efficacy across both provider and intervention types.

Conclusions:

Standardized definition and measurement of provider self-efficacy is needed to advance practice and implementation research.

Plain language abstract:

Provider self-efficacy is known to influence implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions. However, the ways in which provider self-efficacy is defined and measured in implementation research literature is not well understood; furthermore, it is not clear what types of providers and interventions are represented in this literature. This scoping review adds to current research by revealing that there is no agreed upon definition or measure of provider self-efficacy in the context of implementation of evidence-based interventions, and that the research includes multiple types of providers (e.g., social workers, counselors, psychologists) and interventions. Self-efficacy appears to change as a function of training and support. To further research in this area, a common definition and agreed upon measures of this construct are needed.
Fibrin-modulating nanogels for treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation
Authors: Mihalko Emily P. , Sandry Megan , Mininni Nicholas , Nellenbach Kimberly , Deal Halston , Daniele Michael , Ghadimi Kamrouz , Levy Jerrold H. , Brown Ashley C.
Published: January 2021

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a pathological coagulopathy associated with infection that increases mortality. In DIC, excessive thrombin generation causes symptoms from formation of microthrombi to multiorgan failure; bleeding risks can also be a concern because of clotting factor consumption. Different clinical events lead to DIC, including sepsis, trauma, and shock. Treatments for thrombotic episodes or bleeding presentation in DIC oppose each other, thus creating therapeutic dilemmas in management. The objective of this study was to develop fibrin-specific core-shell nanogels (FSNs) loaded with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) to treat the microcirculatory complications of DIC, which would facilitate targeted clot dissolution to manage microthrombi and the potential consumptive coagulopathy that causes bleeding. FSNs enhance formation of actively polymerizing clots by crosslinking fibrin fibers, but they can also target preexisting microthrombi and, when loaded with tPA, facilitate targeted delivery to lyse the microthrombi. We hypothesized that this dual action would simultaneously address bleeding and microthrombi with DIC to improve outcomes. In vivo, tPA-FSNs decreased the presentation of multiorgan microthrombi, recovered platelet counts, and improved bleeding outcomes in a DIC rodent model. When incorporated with human DIC patient plasma, tPA-FSNs restored clot structure and clot growth under flow. Together, these data demonstrate that a fibrinolytic agent loaded into fibrin-targeting nanogels could improve DIC outcomes.
Stroke etiologies in patients with COVID-19: the SVIN COVID-19 multinational registry
Authors:   SVIN Multinational Registry and Task Force, Ramos-Araque María E. , Siegler James E. , Ribo Marc , Requena Manuel , López Cristina , de Lera Mercedes , Arenillas Juan F. , Pérez Isabel Hernández , Gómez-Vicente Beatriz , Talavera Blanca , Portela Pere Cardona , Guillen Ana Nuñez , Urra Xabier , Llull Laura , Renú Arturo , Nguyen Thanh N. , Jillella Dinesh , Nahab Fadi , Nogueira Raul , Haussen Diogo , Then Ryna , Thon Jesse M. , Esparragoza Luis Rodríguez , Hernández-Pérez Maria , Bustamante Alejandro , Mansour Ossama Yassin , Megahed Mohammed , Hassan Tamer , Liebeskind David S. , Hassan Ameer , Bushnaq Saif , Osman Mohamed , Vazquez Alejandro Rodriguez
Published: January 2021

Background and purpose

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with a small but clinically significant risk of stroke, the cause of which is frequently cryptogenic. In a large multinational cohort of consecutive COVID-19 patients with stroke, we evaluated clinical predictors of cryptogenic stroke, short-term functional outcomes and in-hospital mortality among patients according to stroke etiology.

Methods

We explored clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of consecutively evaluated patients 18 years of age or older with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 from 31 hospitals in 4 countries (3/1/20–6/16/20).

Results

Of the 14.483 laboratory-confirmed patients with COVID-19, 156 (1.1%) were diagnosed with AIS. Sixty-one (39.4%) were female, 84 (67.2%) white, and 88 (61.5%) were between 60 and 79 years of age. The most frequently reported etiology of AIS was cryptogenic (55/129, 42.6%), which was associated with significantly higher white blood cell count, c-reactive protein, and D-dimer levels than non-cryptogenic AIS patients (p</=0.05 for all comparisons). In a multivariable backward stepwise regression model estimating the odds of in-hospital mortality, cryptogenic stroke mechanism was associated with a fivefold greater odds in-hospital mortality than strokes due to any other mechanism (adjusted OR 5.16, 95%CI 1.41–18.87, p = 0.01). In that model, older age (aOR 2.05 per decade, 95%CI 1.35–3.11, p < 0.01) and higher baseline NIHSS (aOR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02–1.21, p = 0.01) were also independently predictive of mortality.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that cryptogenic stroke among COVID-19 patients carries a significant risk of early mortality.