bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Proteome Alterations in Patients with Cognitive Impairment after Traumatic Brain Injury Revealed by iTRAQ-Based Quantitative Proteomics
Authors: Xiong Xin-gui , Liang Qinghua , Zhang Chunhu , Wang Yang , Huang Wei , Peng Weijun , Wang Zhe , Xia Zi-an
Published: January 2017

Background. Cognitive impairment is the leading cause of traumatic brain injury- (TBI-) related disability; however, the underlying pathogenesis of this dysfunction is not completely understood. Methods. Using an isobaric tagging for relative and absolute quantitation- (iTRAQ-) based quantitative proteomic approach, serum samples from healthy control subjects, TBI patients with cognitive impairment, and TBI patients without cognitive impairment were analysed to identify differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) related to post-TBI cognitive impairment. In addition, DEPs were further analysed using bioinformatic platforms and validated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Results. A total of 56 DEPs were identified that were specifically related to TBI-induced cognitive impairment. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that a wide variety of cellular and metabolic processes and some signaling pathways were involved in the pathophysiology of cognitive deficits following TBI. Five randomly selected DEPs were validated using ELISA in an additional 105 cases, and the results also supported the experimental findings. Conclusions. Despite limitations, our findings will facilitate further studies of the pathological mechanisms underlying TBI-induced cognitive impairment and provide new methods for the research and development of neuroprotective agents. However, further investigation on a large cohort is warranted.
The Mean Value for Infinite Volume Measures, Infinite Products, and Heuristic Infinite Dimensional Lebesgue Measures
Authors: Magnot Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2017

One of the goals of this article is to describe a setting adapted to the description of means (normalized integrals or invariant means) on an infinite product of measured spaces with infinite measure and of the concentration property on metric measured spaces, inspired from classical examples of means. In some cases, we get a linear extension of the limit at infinity. Then, the mean value on an infinite product is defined, first for cylindrical functions and secondly taking the uniform limit. Finally, the mean value for the heuristic Lebesgue measure on a separable infinite dimensional topological vector space (e.g., on a Hilbert space) is defined. This last object, which is not the classical infinite dimensional Lebesgue measure but its “normalized” version, is shown to be invariant under translation, scaling, and restriction.
Vascular Refilling Is Not Reduced in Dialysis Sessions with Morbid Events
Authors: Kron Susanne , Schneditz Daniel , Leimbach Til , Aign Sabine , Kron Joachim
Published: January 2017

Background: It is commonly believed that insufficient vascular refilling leads to hypovolemia during hemodialysis and contributes to intradialytic morbid events (IME). But data of refilling volumes at the time of IME are lacking. Methods: We compared the vascular refilling in 10 patients with IME with 14 stable patients with normal blood volume at the dialysis end (66-80 mL/kg). Results: The refilling characteristics in patients with IME did not differ from those in stable patients. The refilling fraction (refilling/ultrafiltration [UF] ratio) was 73.8 ± 9.4% in patients with IME, and 70.2 ± 6.4% in patients with normal blood volume at the end of the treatment. Refilling volume strongly correlated with UF volume in both patient groups (r2 = 0.93 and r2 = 0.81, respectively). Conclusion: IME are associated with a specific blood volume below 65 mL/kg. Vascular refilling is a constant fraction of UF in stable as well as in symptomatic dialysis sessions.
“He Will Cast their Sins into the Depths of the Sea . . .” Exodus Allusions and the Personification of Sin in Micah 7:7-20
Authors: DiFransico Lesley
Published: January 2017

Attending to allusions to Exodus 15 within Micah 7 provides insight into the metaphorical language of Mic 7:18-20. The human enemy of the Exodus is reinterpreted in the exilic context of Micah; the people’s own sins—the cause for their oppression—must be subdued by God, i.e. forgiven, and cast into the depths of the sea (7:19) so they may be freed from the consequences. This unusual metaphor for sin corresponds with a metaphor for redemption unparalleled in the Hebrew Bible: divine forgiveness is conceptualized as the physical domination and removal of an enemy, i.e. sin. Utilizing the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (cmt) of G. Lakoff and M. Johnson, this article will analyze such metaphors in light of Exodus themes.
The Preface to Old Greek Daniel 5: A Formal Approach
Authors: Pannkuk Justin L.
Published: January 2017

Prefixed to the Old Greek version of Daniel 5 is a brief Preface that recounts some of the plot lines of the narrative. This article clarifies the nature of the Preface and discusses its significance for understanding the legend’s development. It is argued that the Preface must have derived from a longer version of the narrative, because it lacks elements intrinsic to the og and mt versions. These elements are isolated with the help of the typology of story forms developed in folklore studies. The unique variants preserved in the Preface suggest that it derives from a third, parallel version of the legend. This third version lacked a reference to the temple vessels from Jerusalem, which allows us to appreciate the role of the vessels in the og and mt traditions, especially how they integrate this story into a larger discourse about the fate of the vessels in post-exilic literature.
Cunning Linguists: Oral Sex in the Song of Songs
Authors: Case M. L.
Published: January 2017

As is typical of the metaphorical nature of poetry, the Song of Songs describes sexual activities indirectly, without giving any explicit references. As a result, interpreters often hesitate to define the exact practices portrayed in any given verse. For example, both Song 2:16 and 6:3 describe the male lover as “he who grazes among the lotuses.” Many scholars read these verses as some type of sexual activity, but do not specifically define the action. Using comparative evidence from Egyptian and Sumerian love poetry, as well as contextual analysis of these verses within the Song as a whole, I argue that these verses depict a particular type of love-making, cunnilingus. According to my reading, Song 2:16 and 6:3 focus exclusively on the sexual pleasure of the two partners, disregarding other potential benefits of sexual intercourse, such as reproduction, giving us a rare glimpse into a particular sexual practice in ancient Israel.
Observations on the Biology of Afrotropical Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera) with particular reference to Kenya. Part 11. Heteropterinae
Authors: COCK MATTHEW J. W. , CONGDON T. COLIN E.
Published: January 2017

Partial life histories from Kenya or Tanzania are presented for Metisella midas midas (Butler), M. medea medea Evans, M. orientalis orientalis Aurivillius, M. quadrisignatus nanda Evans, M. congdoni De Jong & Kielland and M. willemi Wallengren. The ovum of Metisella formosus linda Evans is also illustrated from Zambia. All feed on species of grasses (Poaceae). The convergence of the biology of the grass-feeding skippers, particularly Heteropterinae and Hesperiinae, Baorini is discussed.
Ontogenetic change of body color patterns in laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species
Authors: HAMASAKI KATSUYUKI , TSURU TAKUMA , SANDA TETSUYA , FUJIKAWA SHUNSUKE , DAN SHIGEKI , KITADA SHUICHI
Published: January 2017

We examined the ontogenetic change of body color patterns in the laboratory-raised juveniles of six terrestrial hermit crab species, including Birgus latro, Coenobita brevimanus, C. cavipes, C. purpureus, C. rugosus, and C. violascens, which commonly occur in the southern islands, Japan. The body color patterns of coenobitid juveniles were species-specific. The diagnostic features of body color patterns enable identification of juveniles of coenobitid crab species in the wild, thereby helping to understand the precise habitats of each coenobitid species.
Mycophagous gall midges (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae: Lestremiinae, Micromyinae, Winnertziinae, Porricondylinae): first records in Sweden and descriptions of closely related new species from elsewhere
Authors: JASCHHOF MATHIAS , JASCHHOF CATRIN
Published: January 2017

Thirty species of gall midges, Cecidomyiidae, of the mycophagous subfamilies Lestremiinae, Micromyinae, Winnertziinae, and Porricondylinae are reported from Sweden for the first time, including several extremely seldom collected species. Genera newly found in Sweden are Allaretella Meyer & Spungis (in Lestremiinae), Tekomyia Möhn (in Micromyinae), Nikandria Mamaev (in Winnertziinae), Arctepidosis Mamaev, Dallaiella Mamaev, Epicola Spungis, and Lamellepidosis Mamaev (all in Porricondylinae). Peromyia trimera (Edwards, 1938) stat. rev. is revived from the synonymy with P. ramosa (Edwards, 1938). Descriptions of the male morphology are provided of the micromyines Aprionus aberrantis Mamaev, Campylomyza abjecta Mamaev, Peromyia leveillei Kieffer (type species of the genus Peromyia Kieffer), Peromyia trimera, and Tekomyia populi Möhn; the winnertziine Nikandria brevitarsis Mamaev; and the porricondylines Arctepidosis jamalensis Mamaev, Dallaiella petrosa Mamaev, and Lamellepidosis spungisi Mamaev. Bryomyia amurensis Mamaev & Økland, Campylomyza abjecta Mamaev, and Peromyia gotohi Jaschhof (all in Micromyinae) are new records in the Western Palearctic. New species described are Peromyia sororia spec. nov. from Japan, a close relative of P. leveillei, and Nikandria australis spec. nov. from New Zealand, only the second species in the genus Nikandria Mamaev. An intersexual specimen of Lamellepidosis spungisi with female antennae and male genitalia is described.
A new deep-water species of Alpheopsis Coutière, 1897 from the Indo-West Pacific (Decapoda: Alpheidae)
Authors: ANKER ARTHUR
Published: January 2017

Alpheopsis keijii sp. nov. is described on the basis of material collected between 90 and 487 m in Japan, the Philippines, Papua New Guinea and Réunion Island. The new species belongs to the A. trispinosa species group and is morphologically closest to A. trispinosa (Stimpson, 1860), A. garricki Yaldwyn, 1971, A. shearmii (Alcock & Anderson, 1899), and especially A. africana Holthuis, 1952. Field data indicates that A. keijii sp. nov. may be associated with deep-water sponge grounds. A provisional key to the currently known species of the A. trispinosa group is provided.
On the Robustness of Bayesian Fingerprinting Estimates of Global Sea Level Change
Authors: Hay Carling C. , Morrow Eric D. , Kopp Robert E. , Mitrovica Jerry X.
Published: January 2017

Global mean sea level (GMSL) over the twentieth century has been estimated using techniques that include regional averaging of sparse tide gauge observations, combining satellite altimetry observations with tide gauge records in empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analyses, and most recently the Bayesian approaches of Kalman smoothing (KS) and Gaussian process regression (GPR). Estimated trends in GMSL over 1901–90 obtained using the Bayesian techniques are 1.1–1.2 mm yr−1, approximately 20% lower than previous estimates. It has been suggested that the adoption of a less restrictive subset of records biased the Bayesian-derived estimates. In this study, different subsets of records are used to demonstrate that GMSL estimates based on the Bayesian methodologies are robust to tide gauge selection. A method for determining the resolvability of individual sea level components estimated in a Bayesian framework is also presented and applied. It is found that the incomplete tide gauge observations result in posterior correlations between individual sea level contributions, making robust separation of the individual components impossible. However, various weighted sums of these components, as well as the total sum (i.e., GMSL), are resolvable. Finally, the KS and GPR methodologies allow for the simultaneous estimation of sea level at sites with and without observations. The first KS and GPR global maps of sea level change over the twentieth century are presented. These maps provide new estimates of twentieth-century sea level in data-sparse regions.
Contribution of Tropical Cyclones to Atmospheric Moisture Transport and Rainfall over East Asia
Authors: Guo Liang , Klingaman Nicholas P. , Vidale Pier Luigi , Turner Andrew G. , Demory Marie-Estelle , Cobb Alison
Published: January 2017

The coastal region of East Asia (EA) is one of the regions with the most frequent impacts from tropical cyclones (TCs). In this study, rainfall and moisture transports related to TCs are measured over EA, and the contribution of TCs to the regional water budget is compared with other contributors, especially the mean circulation of the EA summer monsoon (EASM). Based on ERA-Interim reanalysis (1979–2012), the trajectories of TCs are identified using an objective feature tracking method. Over 60% of TCs occur from July to October (JASO). During JASO, TC rainfall contributes 10%–30% of the monthly total rainfall over the coastal region of EA; this contribution is highest over the south/southeast coast of China in September. TCs make a larger contribution to daily extreme rainfall (above the 95th percentile): 50%–60% over the EA coast and as high as 70% over Taiwan Island. Compared with the mean EASM, TCs transport less moisture over EA. However, as the peak of the mean seasonal cycle of TCs lags two months behind that of the EASM, the moisture transported by TCs is an important source for the water budget over the EA region when the EASM withdraws. This moisture transport is largely performed by westward-moving TCs. These results improve understanding of the water cycle of EA and provide a useful test bed for evaluating and improving seasonal forecasts and coupled climate models.
Comparison of Methods to Estimate Snow Water Equivalent at the Mountain Range Scale: A Case Study of the California Sierra Nevada
Authors: Wrzesien Melissa L. , Durand Michael T. , Pavelsky Tamlin M. , Howat Ian M. , Margulis Steven A. , Huning Laurie S.
Published: January 2017

Despite the importance of snow in global water and energy budgets, estimates of global mountain snow water equivalent (SWE) are not well constrained. Two approaches for estimating total range-wide SWE over Sierra Nevada, California, are assessed: 1) global/hemispherical models and remote sensing and models available for continental United States (CONUS) plus southern Canada (CONUS+) available to the scientific community and 2) regional climate model simulations via the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model run at 3, 9, and 27 km. As no truth dataset provides total mountain range SWE, these two approaches are compared to a “reference” SWE consisting of three published, independent datasets that utilize/validate against in situ SWE measurements. Model outputs are compared with the reference datasets for three water years: 2005 (high snow accumulation), 2009 (average), and 2014 (low). There is a distinctive difference between the reference/WRF datasets and the global/CONUS+ daily estimates of SWE, with the former suggesting up to an order of magnitude more snow. Results are qualitatively similar for peak SWE and 1 April SWE for all three years. Analysis of SWE time series indicates that lower SWE for global and CONUS+ datasets is likely due to precipitation, rain/snow partitioning, and ablation parameterization differences. It is found that WRF produces reasonable (within 50%) estimates of total mountain range SWE in the Sierra Nevada, while the global and CONUS+ datasets underestimate SWE.
Poor People’s Participation: Neoliberal Institutions or Left Turn?
Authors: Davies Emmerich , Falleti Tulia G.
Published: January 2017

While comparative political studies of voting and protest abound, little attention has been paid to nonelectoral and noncontentious participation, particularly at the local level. Who participates in local associations and why? We study the individual-level determinants of local civic participation in Bolivia to ask: Does local engagement reproduce the high socioeconomic bias predicted by resource theory? Did the left turn in government change the predictors of participation? Contrary to expectations, we find there is no high-class bias in Bolivia’s local civic engagement. Moreover, the levels and predictors of local civic engagement have not changed after the left turn. We contribute to the comparative politics literature by conceptualizing local programmatic participation and showing that the resource theory does not apply to this type of participation in a developing context. We argue that need—rather than plenty—prompts people to participate. Our findings are relevant to participation studies in developing societies.
Lex Orandi, Lex Credendi: Eco-Theological Perspectives on Christian Worship in Africa
Authors: Kangwa Jonathan
Published: January 2017

In the recent past, eco-theologians have blamed Christianity for its contribution to (post)modern economic systems that don’t support ecological wellbeing on the planet earth. The Christian emphasis on future life in heaven, while neglecting the importance of life on earth, and the belief that human beings are superior to other forms of life play a role in the exploitation of the natural world. On the other hand, eco-theologians have identified resources in the bible and the Christian tradition that could promote the concept of human responsibility for the natural world. In addition, theologians in Africa are searching for resources in local cultures that may enable African Christianity to provide adequate responses to the ecological crisis. This article deals with present shifts in Christianity by analyzing certain ecological features of worship in Africa that could help to advance ecological wellbeing. Considering the concept of lex orandi, lex credendi, espoused by Prosper of Aquitaine, the article contends that worship as expressed in African thought forms may lead to greater unity and ecological wellbeing.
Burden of illness of people with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia: A multinational cross-sectional study
Authors: Nordstroem Anna-Lena , Talbot Darren , Bernasconi Corrado , Berardo Carmen Galani , Lalonde Justine
Published: January 2017

Background:

Few studies have examined the impact of persistent symptoms of schizophrenia, especially with respect to patient-reported outcomes (PROs), carer burden and health economic impact.

Aims:

Analyse data relating to burden and severity of illness, functional impairment and quality of life for patients with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia.

Methods:

A cohort of stable outpatients with persistent symptoms of schizophrenia across seven countries were assessed in a multicentre, non-interventional, cross-sectional survey and retrospective medical record review using PRO questionnaires, clinical rating scales and carer questionnaires.

Results:

Overall, 1,421 patients and 687 carers were enrolled. Approximately two-thirds of patients had moderate/mild schizophrenia with more severe negative symptoms predominating. Patients showed impaired personal/social functioning and unsuitability for work correlated with various patient factors, most notably symptom-related assessments. Quality-of-life assessments showed 25% to ⩾30% of patients had problems with mobility, washing or dressing. Carer burden was also considerable, with carers having to devote an average of 20.5 hours per week and notable negative impact on quality-of-life measures. Healthcare resource utilisation for in-hospital, outpatient and other care provider visits was significant.

Conclusion:

These results demonstrate the significant burden of schizophrenia for patients, carers and society and highlight the need for improved treatment approaches.
From Black-ish to Blackness
Authors: Sullivan Jas M. , Platenburg Gheni N.
Published: January 2017

Prior research shows consumption of Black information affects the way people think. More specifically, it influences general racial group attitudes. However, the expectations about the amount of Black information and deeper understanding of its effect on racial identity development remain unclear. Using a unique survey data set, with large oversamples of Blacks, this article explores whether the amount of Black information consumed influences Black identity development. The findings show Black information sources positively affect racial identity development—creating a sense that race is a more important aspect of the individuals’ definitions of self (i.e., racial centrality). The flip side, however, is greater consumption of Black information decreases public regard, prompting Blacks to believe other groups have a more negative feeling toward them. Thus, Black media plays a dual function in racial identity development—both positive and negative.
Degradation studies and mechanical properties of treated curauá fibers and microcrystalline cellulose in composites with polyamide 6
Authors: de Melo Renato P , Marques Maria FV , Navard Patrick , Duque Norman P
Published: January 2017

The use of lignocellulosic fibers derived from renewable resources as a reinforcing phase in polymeric matrix composites provides positive environmental benefits with respect to ultimate disposability and raw material use. Despite the attractive properties, lignocellulosic fillers are used only to a limited extent in industrial practice due to the restriction to 200℃ in composites processing temperatures. Lignocellulosic materials start to degrade near 230℃. This limits the type of thermoplastics that can be used in association with polysaccharide fillers. To overcome these disadvantages, chemical treatments, i.e. alkaline treatment, were applied to curauá fibers to improve the thermal properties. Colorimetry was employed to evaluate the extension of darkening of composites prepared with treated curaua and Avicel. Fourier-transform infrared spectra of polyamide composites with treated curaua showed no differences when compared to pure polyamide. Moreover, no changes in molar mass were observed in microcrystalline cellulose processed in different temperatures.
Racial Threat, Intergroup Contact, and School Punishment
Authors: Hughes Cresean , Warren Patricia Y. , Stewart Eric A. , Tomaskovic-Devey Donald , Mears Daniel P.
Published: January 2017

Objectives:

Drawing on the racial threat and intergroup contact literatures, we explore whether (1) a school’s racial or ethnic context increases school suspensions for Black, Hispanic, and White students; (2) intergroup contact among school board members reduces school suspensions for Black, Hispanic, and White students; and (3) a school’s racial or ethnic context effects on school suspensions are conditioned by intergroup contact among school board members.

Method:

Count-dependent multilevel modeling techniques on school- and district-level measures from a representative sample of Florida middle and high schools.

Results:

Larger racial and ethnic student populations within schools increase the likelihood of suspensions for Black and Hispanic students while decreasing suspensions for White students. Further, higher levels of intergroup contact between Black, White, and Hispanic school board members are associated with a lower likelihood of suspensions for all students. Finally, intergroup contact between Black, White, and Hispanic school board members moderates the effects of school racial and ethnic context on school suspensions.

Conclusions:

Important factors are associated with school punishment for Black, Hispanic, and White students. Integrated spaces play an important role in decreasing both punishment disparities and punishment severity.
Robotics and AI in the sociology of religion: A human in imago roboticae
Authors: Kimura Takeshi
Published: January 2017

The next-generation of Robotics and Artificial Intelligence (AI) sets a new horizon of inquiry into the obvious and hidden significances of the secular techno-society. By incorporating the perspectives of STS (Science, Technology and Society) into the sociology of religion, this article attempts to explore the social-religious significance found in the emerging relationships between the human and Robotics and AI. By referring to several cases of Robotics from Japan and the US, this article examines three versions of the relationship, namely, the physical, the social and the psychological. Several concrete cases are referred to for each aspect: the robot suit, the robotic arm, and BMI (Brain Machine Interface) for the physical relationship; PARO, a seal-like healing robot, OriHime, and Pepper for the social relationship; and a conversation with artificial ‘personality’ such as Bima48 for the psychological relationship. For each of this kind of relation, the involvement on Sociology of Religion is discussed.
A Framework for Determining the Return on Investment of Simulation-Based Training in Health Care
Authors: Bukhari Hatim , Andreatta Pamela , Goldiez Brian , Rabelo Luis
Published: January 2017

This article describes a framework that has been developed to monetize the real value of simulation-based training in health care. A significant consideration has been given to the incorporation of the intangible and qualitative benefits, not only the tangible and quantitative benefits of simulation-based training in health care. The framework builds from three works: the value measurement methodology (VMM) used by several departments of the US Government, a methodology documented in several books by Dr Jack Phillips to monetize various training approaches, and a traditional return on investment methodology put forth by Frost and Sullivan, and Immersion Medical. All 3 source materials were adapted to create an integrated methodology that can be readily implemented. This article presents details on each of these methods and how they can be integrated and presents a framework that integrates the previous methods. In addition to that, it describes the concept and the application of the developed framework. As a test of the applicability of the framework, a real case study has been used to demonstrate the application of the framework. This case study provides real data related to the correlation between the pediatric patient cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) survival rates and a simulation-based mock codes at the University of Michigan tertiary care academic medical center. It is important to point out that the proposed framework offers the capability to consider a wide range of benefits and values, but on the other hand, there are several limitations that has been discussed and need to be taken in consideration.
Administrative Law and Service Learning: Clients, Repetition, and Race
Authors: Sterett Susan , DuPuis Nicole , Hubbard Faith Gibson
Published: January 2017

The public service mission of public administration programs invites rethinking the exclusive focus on federal court decisions in administrative law courses. In spring 2015, we worked together in a course on the legal environment for public administration. The course included elements of the standard administrative law syllabus as well as a service component. The class worked with a city on a project that required the class to gather information about civil liability, policing, and racial inequality. A service project allows deeper learning while upending expectations of education as absorbing material presented to students. We argue service projects can be part of administrative law courses.
Tracing Black Racial and Spatial Politics in South Florida via Memory
Authors: Green Sharony
Published: January 2017

As far back as the New Deal era, South Florida’s white power brokers wanted African Americans to live in the northwest section of then Dade County and away from the region’s lucrative seaside. Even today, however, people of color, many of Bahamian descent, remain in Miami’s bayside Coconut Grove community, but they do so amid gentrification and wealthy South American neighbors. Such ongoing settlement and the eventual migration of people of African descent to the northwest section of the county by the late 1960s fit into a larger narrative of black self-determination in Florida. This article explores such settlement and migratory patterns and how they fit into a larger black resistance tradition dating back to the nineteenth century.
Pragmatic language development in 18- to 47-month-old Italian children: A study with the Language Use Inventory
Authors: Longobardi Emiddia , Lonigro Antonia , Laghi Fiorenzo , O’Neill Daniela K.
Published: January 2017

The study was designed to investigate pragmatic development and the ability to make comments/questions on social and non-social topics in Italian-speaking children aged 18–47 months. Parents of 190 children completed an adaptation of the Language Use Inventory into Italian. Overall, the children’s performance on the subscales of the LUI-Italian investigating verbal communication increased, while the score on gestural subscales, with both an imperative and a declarative function, decreased with age. Specific analyses of comments and questions about things, self and other people showed specific age-related differences. No main gender effect was found, but an interaction of gender × age group is discussed. The article concludes with limitations and guidelines for future research.
On the total power factor of lift systems
Authors: So Albert , Chan Wai L , Tsang Steve KM
Published: January 2017

The term “Total Power Factor” defined as the ratio between the active power and the apparent power (consisting of active, reactive and distortion power) of an electrical system has been used for years to describe how good an electrical supply system is utilized. To a single-phase system, it is well defined. To a balanced three-phase supply system, there is no problem in evaluating it because any voltage between two lines and any line-current could be used to find out the apparent power. To an unbalanced three-phase supply without a neutral wire, like that fed to a modern variable voltage variable frequency lift drive, an issue has arisen. This issue was raised by the first author of this article some 16 years ago. The active power can always be accurately measured by the famous “two-wattmeter method” but which line-voltage and which line-current should be chosen to estimate the apparent power becomes a big issue. The issue is now considered significant, because it was recently required in the mandatory Building Energy Code enforced in Hong Kong. In this article, various existing definitions have been studied and a couple of new definitions have been proposed. Based on cases of computer simulation, one final recommendation has been made, which is simple, straight forward, practical for use on-site and reasonable. It is hoped that this article could solve the problem raised by the first author published in year 2000 in BSER&T and practitioners may find it easy to implement this new definition. It is agreed that such a problem is mainly faced by the Building Energy Code assessors in Hong Kong.

Practical application: The measurement of total power factor is a statutory requirement in Hong Kong and is a useful parameter used around the world. Based on site measurements, it is an inherent fact that the currents of the three phase lift systems are not perfectly balanced, whereas the voltages are more or less balanced. And owing to the absence of a neutral wire of the three phase supply to a lift system, it is impossible to measure such total power factor by using the conventional definition. If a neutral wire exists, it is not a problem anymore as the total power factor of each phase can be independently measured. Various definitions have been reviewed and one new definition is suggested that could solve this problem. Lift engineers could easily do the job by adopting this new definition, which is verified by simulation and site measurement.
Factors Affecting Korean Neonatal Infant Pain Care: Translation and Validation of Three Instruments
Authors: Min Haeyoung , Vincent Catherine , Matthews Alicia K. , McCreary Linda L. , Park Chang G. , Latimer Margot
Published: January 2017

This study aimed to translate three English-language instruments—Pain Knowledge and Use (PKU), Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions (CSACD), and Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS)—into Korean and evaluate the equivalence of the instrument versions. Three Korean translators and two senior reviewers translated the instruments’ 56 items using a committee approach. Eight Korean experts evaluated the cultural relevance of the translated instruments using a content validity index (CVI), and 12 Korean neonatal nurses were interviewed to assess their understanding of items. In an expert panel review, the item-CVI was less than 0.78 for 14 items. Based on cognitive interviews, four items were found to be unsuitable in Korea. Based on expert panel review and cognitive interviews, unsuitable items were modified or deleted. In another expert panel review, the scale-CVI was 1.00 for the final instruments. The findings support the validity of the Korean-language PKU, CSACD, and ECS for research application.
Effect of Positive Psychological Intervention on Well-Being, 2-Week Illness Prevalence, and Salivary Immunoglobulin A
Authors: Jiang Miaomiao , Yin Zhiqin , Li Sijiao , Chen Xiaolin , Gu Jiahuan
Published: January 2017

The study aims to explore the effect of positive psychological intervention (fun activities combined with positive mental health education) on the well-being, 2-week illness prevalence, and salivary immunoglobulin A of empty nesters. Ninety-two empty nesters were divided into intervention ( n = 49) and control ( n = 43) groups. The empty nesters in the intervention group performed the intervention in addition to routine community activities. The intervention group scored significantly higher on well-being ( p< .05) compared with the control group after intervention. A week after intervention, salivary immunoglobulin A of the intervention group ( p< .05) was higher than that before intervention. Meanwhile, the difference in salivary immunoglobulin A in the control group before and after intervention was not statistically significant. 2-week illness prevalence in both groups did not exhibit a significant difference ( p> .05). Results indicate that positive psychological intervention can effectively increase the well-being and salivary immunoglobulin A of empty nesters and improve their physical and mental health.
Print Versus Digital
Authors: Ferrucci Patrick , Painter Chad
Published: January 2017

This study utilizes textual analysis to analyze how journalists are depicted on the Netflix drama House of Cards. Through the lens of orientalism and cultivation, researchers examine how depictions of print and digital journalism would lead viewers to see digital journalists as less ethical and driven by self-gain, while also viewing technology as an impediment to quality journalism. These findings are then discussed as a means for understanding how these depictions could affect society.
Intraoperative diagnosis of a quadricuspid aortic valve
Authors: Tatari Hassan , Dehaki Maziar Gholampour , Omrani Gholamreza , Ghaheri Hafez , Al-Dairy Alwaleed , Mortezaeian Hojjat
Published: January 2017

Quadricuspid aortic valve is a rare anomaly, and most patients require surgery for aortic regurgitation in the 5th or 6th decades of life; only a few cases of aortic valve repair in childhood have been reported. A 3-year-old boy was scheduled for ventricular septal defect closure and aortic valve repair. Quadricuspid aortic valve was an incidental finding at operation; it was repaired by joining the left anterior and right anterior cusps. At the 9-month follow-up, the patient had no more than mild aortic regurgitation. We emphasize the importance of detecting this anomaly, especially in children with aortic valve regurgitation.
Femoral vein valve incompetence as a risk factor for junctional recurrence
Authors: Gianesini Sergio , Occhionorelli Savino , Menegatti Erica , Malagoni Anna Maria , Tessari Mirko , Zamboni Paolo
Published: January 2017

Background

Recurrent varicose veins occur up to 80% of procedures. The sapheno-femoral junction can be involved in more than 50% of cases. A detailed pathophysiological explanation of the phenomenon is still missing. The aim of the present work is to evaluate the role of femoral vein incompetence as risk factor for sapheno-femoral junction recurrence.

Methods

Three-hundred-eighty-one patients presenting an incompetent great saphenous vein system and eventually also an incompetent femoral tract (C2-6EpAsdPr) underwent a great saphenous vein high ligation with flush ligation also of the incompetent tributaries along the leg, sparing the saphenous trunk. Pre-operatively, all patients underwent a sonographic evaluation assessing the superficial and deep venous systems, including a detailed analysis of the iliac-femoral vein tract above the sapheno-femoral junction. A retrospective statistical analysis assessed the recurrence risk associated with iliac-femoral vein tract incompetence.

Results

In a 5.5 ± 1.9 years follow-up, great saphenous vein trunk reflux recurrence was detected in 45/381 (11.8%) cases. The reflux source was found in a reconnected sapheno-femoral stump in 11/45 cases (24.5%), in the pelvic network in 8/45 cases (17.8%), in a neovascularization process in 7/45 (15.5%) and in a newly incompetent great saphenous vein tributary in 19/45 (42.2%). At the pre-operative assessment, iliac-femoral vein tract reflux was present in 7 (26.9%) of the 26 cases who developed a sapheno-femoral junction recurrence and in 25 (7%) of the 355 patients who did not demonstrate sapheno-femoral junction recurrence (odds ratio: 4.8; confidence interval 95%: 1.8–12.6; p < .003).

Discussion

Despite many technical diagnostic and therapeutic refinements, varicose veins recurrence remains a frequent event. The present investigation points out the association among iliac-femoral vein tract incompetence and sapheno-femoral junction recurrences after high ligation.
Superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins of the lower limbs and thrombophilia
Authors: Lucchi Gabriella , Bilancini Salvino , Tucci Sandro , Lucchi Massimo
Published: January 2017

Objectives

Superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins of the lower limbs is rather frequent and may be underestimated. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of inherited or acquired thrombophilia in a sample of outpatients with the disease.

Method

An observational study was conducted on 73 consecutive superficial vein thrombosis patients tested for inherited or acquired thrombophilia.

Results

Sixty of 73 patients with superficial vein thrombosis completed the testing protocol, while 13 dropped out; 46 of 60 patients were found to have a thrombophilia (76.6%). The types detected were: factor V Leiden (31/60, i.e. 51.6%), prothrombin mutation (2/60, i.e. 3.3%), MTHFR mutation (23/60, i.e. 38.3%), antiphospholipid antibodies (5/60, i.e. 8.3%), protein C deficit (1/60, i.e. 1.6%), protein S deficit (1/60, i.e. 1.6%), and antithrombin deficit (0/60, i.e. 0%).

Conclusions

Among patients with superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins, testing demonstrated a high prevalence of thrombophilia. The most common form proved to be factor V Leiden. As thrombophilia was found to be a major cause of superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins, the authors recommend that patients with superficial vein thrombosis in non-varicose veins be investigated for thrombophilia.
Moving Toward New Horizons for Marketing Education
Authors: Teklehaimanot Mebrahtu L. , Ingenbleek Paul T. M. , Tessema Workneh K. , van Trijp Hans C. M.
Published: January 2017

In recent years, marketing education has broadened to poor people in developing and emerging countries. In this article, the authors use four empirical studies that apply well-established training design procedures to design a marketing training program for Ethiopian pastoralists. Because pastoralists operate in extremely remote, traditional, and sparsely populated regions of developing and emerging markets, the training complements trainings for the poor applied in urban areas of these countries. As such, the article provides implications for training program designers on how they can adapt the training program procedures to other contexts, thereby making marketing ideas accessible to a large and important new target group for marketing education.
Madison’s Ratchet: Ambition Counteracting Ambition and the Aggregation of Political, Managerial, and Legal Controls Over Federal Administration
Authors: Rosenbloom David H. , Newbold Stephanie P. , Doughty Meghan
Published: January 2017

In Federalist 47 and 51, James Madison contended that the accumulation of legislative, executive, and judicial powers in the hands of one body or person would produce tyranny. He explained that one defense against such tyranny was to make “ambition . . . counteract ambition” by giving each of the three constitutional branches of the federal government the “means,” “motives,” and wherewithal to “resist encroachments” on their powers by another. However, after the development of the contemporary administrative state in the 1930s, rather than serving as a check against encroachments alone, the process of ambition counteracting ambition prompts each branch to develop its own set of controls over federal agencies without necessarily trenching on the powers of the other branches. “Madison’s Ratchet” is the tendency for these controls overwhelmingly to aggregate and thereby vastly complicate federal administration.
Computed tomography lymphangiography findings in 27 cases of lymphangioleiomyomatosis
Authors: Zhang Chunyan , Chen Xiaobai , Wen Tingguo , Zhang Qijin , Huo Meng , Dong Jian , Shen Wen-bin , Wang Rengui
Published: January 2017

Background

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare disease involving the bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and veins. However, there are few reports about lymphatic vessel abnormalities associated with LAM.

Purpose

To evaluate computed tomography (CT) lymphangiography findings in cases of LAM, especially lymphatic vessel abnormalities.

Material and Methods

Twenty-seven patients with LAM underwent direct lymphangiography (DLG), followed by a post-procedural thoracoabdominal CT examination.

Results

All 27 patients were diagnosed with LAM, including 25 (93%) with chylothorax, eight (30%) with chyloperitoneum, seven (26%) with chylous fluid in the chest and abdomen, and one (4%) with lower-limb lymphedema. The CT lymphangiography showed that 27/27 (100%) patients presented iliac or retroperitoneal lymphatic vessel dilation; 20/27 (74%) presented thoracic duct outlet obstruction; 9/27 (33%) presented pleural lymph leakage; and 13/27 (48%) presented an abnormal distribution of contrast agent in the contralateral lumbar trunk, 3/27 (11%) in the pulmonary field, 1/27 (4%) in the abdominal cavity, and 4/27 (15%) in the pelvic cavity. Five of the 27 patients (19%) had retroperitoneal lymphangioleiomyomas, with contrast agent accumulation in three cases during CT lymphangiography. Two of the 27 (7%) patients had enlarged lymph nodes in the retroperitoneum. All 27 patients (100%) diagnosed with LAM displayed various lung cysts on thoracic high-resolution CT scans.

Conclusion

CT lymphangiography findings can be used to diagnose most LAM cases accurately. Moreover, these findings also display the various lymphatic vessel abnormalities associated with LAM.
Start-up urbanism: New York, Rio de Janeiro and the global urbanization of technology-based economies
Authors: Rossi Ugo , Di Bella Arturo
Published: January 2017

This article investigates the variegated urbanization of technology-based economies through the lenses of a comparative analysis looking at New York City and Rio de Janeiro. Over the last decade, the former has gained a reputation as a ‘model tech city’ at the global level, while the latter is an example of emerging ‘start-up city’. Using a Marxist-Foucauldian approach, the article argues that, while technopoles in the 1980s and the 1990s arose from the late Keynesian state, the globally hegemonic phenomenon of start-up urbanism is illustrative of an increasingly decentralized neoliberal project of self-governing ‘enterprise society’, mobilizing ideas of community, cooperation and horizontality within a context of cognitive-communicative capitalism in which urban environments acquire renewed centrality. In doing so, the article underlines start-up urbanism’s key contribution to the reinvention of the culture of global capitalism in times of perceived economic shrinkage worldwide and the central role played by major metropolitan centres in this respect.
Other facial neuralgias
Authors: O’Neill Francis , Nurmikko Turo , Sommer Claudia
Published: January 2017

Premise

In this article we review some lesser known cranial neuralgias that are distinct from trigeminal neuralgia, trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias, or trigeminal neuropathies. Included are occipital neuralgia, superior laryngeal neuralgia, auriculotemporal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal and nervus intermedius neuralgia, and pain from acute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia of the trigeminal and intermedius nerves.

Problem

Facial neuralgias are rare and many physicians do not see such cases in their lifetime, so patients with a suspected diagnosis within this group should be referred to a specialized center where multidisciplinary team diagnosis may be available.

Potential solution

Each facial neuralgia can be identified on the basis of clinical presentation, allowing for precision diagnosis and planning of treatment. Treatment remains conservative with oral or topical medication recommended for neuropathic pain to be tried before more invasive procedures are undertaken. However, evidence for efficacy of current treatments remains weak.
Mechanical and failure behavior of three-dimensional six-directional braided composites bolted joint
Authors: Tang Yuling , Zhou Zhengong , Pan Shidong , Tan Zhiyong , Wu Hongwei
Published: January 2017

Experiments and finite element simulation were used to investigate the influence of geometric parameters on failure response of a single-lap bolted joint. Single- and double-bolt joints in three-dimensional six-directional braided composites were tested. The failure modes and mechanisms of the joints were evaluated. To accurately predict bearing strength, a three-dimensional composite damage model was used, which included the Yamada–Sun failure criteria based on the characteristic curve method. The finite element method (FEM) was validated by experimental results. The geometric reference value and failure envelope for the single-lap bolted joint were obtained. The results showed that the carrying capacity of the single-lap bolted joint decreased and the failure mode also changed owing to the secondary bending. It can also be obtained that increased the number of bolt rows can effectively reduce the secondary bending of the plates and thus generated less severe net tensile stresses.
Study and characterization of E.M. absorbing properties of EPDM ferrite composite containing manganese zinc ferrite
Authors: Katiyar Mohit , Prasad Mahender , Agarwal Kavita , Singh RK , Kumar Anand , Prasad N Eswara
Published: January 2017

EPDM rubber has been used as matrix and manganese–zinc ferrite as magnetic filler. EPDM ferrite composites were prepared with varying loading in different compositions of Mn–Zn ferrite (RFC-1, 2, 3 and 4) and moulded in the test samples of different thicknesses i.e. 1.5 mm, 2.5 mm and 5 mm. Physico-mechanical properties of EPDM ferrite composites were determined. Complex permeability and permittivity parameters of rubber ferrite composites were measured using rectangular waveguide in the frequency range of 3.95–5.85 GHz. The variation of reflection loss (RL) of single layer rubber-ferrite composites has been investigated as a function of frequency, ferrite content and thickness of composites by unique single horn interferometry technique in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz. It is observed that microwave absorption of rubber–ferrite composites has increased with increase of ferrite content as well as thickness in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz.