bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wave Transformation on Wave Catcher Shore Protection – Dual Slope (WCSP-DS) Zig-Zag Model with Wave Focused Wall
Authors: Thaha MA , Puspita AID , Hatta MP , Paotonan C , Prihatini WZ , Suriamiharja DA , Patittingi F
Published: December 2022

The Wave Catcher Shore Protection Dual Slope (WCSP-DS) is a coastal structure with a dual function of shore protection and wave power generation. The WCSP-DS structure captures seawater through overtopping into the crest reservoir resulting in a higher reservoir water level than the sea. This elevation difference will be the pressure height (head) and is represented by the freeboard height (Fb) and together with the overtopping discharge unit (q) will be the main parameter for electrical power. This study aims to increase the discharge value (q) at the maximum freeboard height (Fb) through engineering effort in the wave transformation process by adjusting the setting position of the WCSP in a zig-zag manner and adding a wave-focused wall (WFW) to produce a maximum deformed wave height (Hdf) in front of the WCSP-DS. Located in Hasanuddin University’s Coastal & Environmental Engineering Laboratory, the study was carried out experimentally using geometrically scaled 1:20 physical model simulations. Three Dimensional (3D) wave basins in the size of 10 m x 15 m x 1 m equipped with an automatic wave generator and data recording instrument were utilized. Two type models namely the M1 (without collector) and the M2 (with collector) were simulated with relative water depth (d/z), freeboard height (Fb), incoming wave height, and period (Hi & T). The results indicated that the deformed wave height (Hdf) increased significantly ranging from 300% to 900% on M1 and from 350% to 1100% on M2. The increase in the value of Hdf also increases the discharge (q) that enters the reservoir. By these results, a combination of Fb and q can be selected which can generate optimal electrical power.
Study of Sediment Characteristics in the Jeneberang River’s Upstream
Authors: Wildany A L , Lopa R T , Maricar F
Published: December 2022

This study aims to determine the characteristics of sediments found in the Jeneberang River specifically in the upstream part. The data required includes the results of sieve analysis, grain diameter of the sediment and the density of the sediment. The study was conducted by taking samples from the segments around Sabo 7-1. The data obtained indicate that the gradation of sediment particles consists of fine sand, medium sand, coarse sand, fine gravel and coarse gravel with a median diameter (D50) of 0.5-13.10 mm and specific gravity values ranging from 2.659-2.682 gr/cm.
Analysis Of Sediment Concentration With Flow Speed In The Primary Channel In Saddang
Authors: Asrida Nur , Pallu M S
Published: December 2022

The decrease in channel capacity can cause sedimentation at the bottom of the channel and the condition of the channel lining is damaged so that seepage / leaks occur and buildings and sluice gates do not function properly. This study aims to analyze the concentration of sediment on the flow velocity. Measurements were carried out in the field to observe field conditions in detail related to sediment velocity and concentration. This research was carried out on the Rappang Main Channel from Upstream to Downstream of the Rappang Main Channel. The distance between upstream to downstream of the Rappang Main Channel is +- 30 Km. The distance between the upstream to the center of the research point is +- 18 Km, while the distance between the middle to the downstream channel is +- 12 Km. Velocity measurement using A.OTT propeller current meter model and sediment collection in the channel using grab sampler and van dorn tools. The results showed the effect of velocity on the value of sediment concentration in the dry season.
2D modeling of current patterns and sediment patterns on Pasir Beach, Kebumen
Authors: Puspita AID , Thaha MA , Hidayah B
Published: December 2022

Pasir beach is one of the beaches in the row of the South Coast of Java Island which is located in the Kebumen Regency, Central Java Province. On the sand beach, there is a fish landing port which is in poor condition. Some of the main port facilities are not functioning at all due to sedimentation problems. The purpose of this study is to determine the current pattern and sedimentation pattern on the Pasir beach, especially in the fish landing port area with 2-dimensional modeling. The results of 2-dimensional modeling with RMA2 and SED2D found that fluctuations in current velocity are not significant because the velocity is small. The increase in current velocity fluctuations is more dominantly caused by the influence of the narrow width of the port mouth, the body of water spreads so that the current velocity will also spread. In the sediment simulation, after simulating the distribution of sediment concentration for 10 days, in the location of the Pasir fish landing port, there is a change in the bed elevation due to the pattern of sediment distribution from the river. This basic change is strongly influenced by the concentration of sediment and sedimentation velocity of sediment grains at each location.
Effects of Fluctuation in Discharge and Head on Flow Parameters and Head Losses in Pipeline Networks
Authors: Bakri B. , Pallu S. , Sulhairi  , Pongmanda S. , Arai Y. , Ihsan M.
Published: December 2022

Discharge, head, flow velocity and Reynolds number are flow parameters in pipe networks. On the other hand, energy loss is one of the factors that affect the capacity of the pipe as a means of distributing water flow. Energy loss is caused by several factors including the roughness of the pipe walls associated with the pipe material. Due to the lack of attention to the interrelationship of these factors, sometimes there are piping networks that do not work optimally or do not function as expected. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in discharge and head on flow parameters and energy loss in the piping network. This study uses experimental research conducted in the laboratory. The primary data collection is quantitative analysis with the main data collection through measurements using a series of pipes as a test model, and is preceded by the collection of supporting data, namely the analysis of the characteristics of the water sample. The characteristics of the water samples used are density (ρ) 1,000 kg/m3, kinematic viscosity 0.804 x 10-6 m2s, dynamic viscosity (μ) 0.801 x 10-3 Nd/m2, viscosity 8.5x10-7 m2/sec, and specific gravity (y) 1.00355 gr/cm3, and a temperature of 29.50C. There are 3 discharge variations used, namely Q1 = 0.004 m3/s, Q2 = 0.003m3/s and Q3 = 0.002 m3/s and variations in head H1 = 2 meters, H2 = 1 meter and H3 = 0.5 meters. The results showed that due to changes in discharge and fall height caused an effect on flow parameters in the piping network. The greater the discharge, the greater the energy loss, and the greater the head, the smaller the energy loss. Changes in flow rate have a more significant effect on changes in energy loss when compared to changes in head.
Experimental Study of the Effect of Morphological Changes due to the Permeable Type Groyne Structuren
Authors: Massora A E D , Pallu M S , Hatta M P
Published: December 2022

The shape of a narrow river with a steep slope and high intensity of rainfall can affect the speed of the flow so that it has an impact on changes in flow dynamics that have the potential to cause erosion of the riverbed. This condition affects morphological changes with the emergence of degradation and agradation phenomena in certain areas. To determine the effect of morphological changes, laboratory tests were carried out using a permeable type groyne structure as an obstacle to reduce the flow velocity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of changes in basic morphology by changing the ratio of the groyne distance, which is 60 cm and 90 cm on variations in discharge and channel slope. The data required include flow velocity, flow depth, temperature and scour volume. In addition, the scour contours are drawn using Surfer software. The results showed that there was an effect of turbulent flow patterns on the use of groynes, causing local scour around the groynes and it was revealed that the use of groynes with a distance ratio of 90 cm was quite efficient in reducing scour.
Performance Analysis of Cenderawasih Secondary Collector Road Section in Mimika Regency
Authors: Batto O , Rauf S , Aly S H
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the performance of the Cenderawasih Street section in the Mimika Regency. Traffic flow is observed by dividing the Cenderawasih Street into five posts. The traffic flow survey was obtained for three days, namely Tuesday, Wednesday, and Saturday, with observation periods at peak hours of 07.00-09.00, 12.00-14.00, and 16.00-18.00. The performance analysis of road sections includes traffic volume, travel time, average space speed, traffic density, road section capacity, degree of saturation, and level of service, referring to MKJI 1997. The highest traffic flow volume occurred at post 1 of Cenderawasih road ranging from 1428.20 pce / hour with a degree of saturation of 0.93. This shows that the Cenderawasih Road Section is at the service level with category E.
Analysis of the water-food nexus for food security in a high Andean Community
Authors: Fiestas M-A , Gonzalez S-N , Gomez-Cunya L-A
Published: December 2022

Water and food are facing increasing demand worldwide. This increase is significant in mountainous regions where glaciers are melting, and water availability is in danger. Food demand has also increased with the population growth. This study sought to evaluate relationships between water supply and food demand in a community located in the Peruvian Andes mountainous region. The developed methodology reveals a practical way to identify future problems with food availability. Water supply was evaluated using historical precipitation data. On the other hand, water demand was estimated using meteorological data. Irrigated areas were determined using 2019 agricultural data from the local government. Food consumption was evaluated using a 2019 per capita regional consumption. Results show a water deficit for the current agricultural demand for ten out of the twelve months. The potato was the main crop being produced in the community, among sixteen studied crops. A high percentage of the time, many products were found do not satisfy local demand. For example, the potato was found to secure only fifty-five percent of the total local-demand fifty percent of the time. Current results can help the management of food security.
Optimization of power system for UAV ground control station in Natuna Island
Authors: Putri Utami Dannya Maharani , Setiawan Eko Adhi
Published: December 2022

The Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is controlled remotely by the operator at the Ground Control Station (GCS) during the mission. Reliable electrical energy is needed to supply energy needs in GCS, such as radio communications, workstations, weather stations, HVAC systems, and lamps when the UAV is operating. GCS is located in Ranai City, Natuna Islands. The UAV mission in Ranai can assist the military in monitoring border surveillance, disaster management, and mapping the area. GCS power source in the initial design, using a diesel generator as the main power source with a power of 12 kW for 192.3 kWh per day energy consumption and 10.8 kW load peak. This paper has shown the study on a hybrid system with 3 scenarios, consisting of a PV system, wind turbine, generator, and battery. The system is simulated by using HOMER for accounting the technical and economic aspects. The results showed that the NPC and LCOE of the third scenario, which consisted of PV/wind/battery, were $181,157.38 and $0.15 per kWh, respectively. It has the lowest cost compared to the first scenario with the usage of diesel generator only. The average fuel consumption is 7.97 litre per day, down 87% compared to the existing condition. Thus, this configuration can overcome the costs of delivering fuel supplies for GCS operations and complement the government’s efforts to achieve emission reduction targets.
Numerical Analysis on Hydrodynamical Performance of Twin Half-rotating Impeller Tidal Turbine
Authors: Sun C K , Wang X Y , Zhang X C , Xu X R , Zhang Y H
Published: December 2022

To improve the utilization rate of tidal current energy, Twin Half-rotating Impeller Tidal Turbine(THITT), a new type of tidal turbine was proposed based on the half-rotating impeller(HRI) which was a new type lift-resistance compound impeller, and its virtual prototype was established. By changing the way the impeller rotated, two kinds of CFD models were established and taken into Xflow to calculate. The differences in their velocity fields and hydrodynamical performance were compared. The results demonstrated that THITT of different rotating directions both own good start-up performance and there were no dead points. Compared with the output power of the two independent impellers, the output power was increased by 20% when rotating in the spin.
Investigation of the Impact Bioethanol Blends into Biodiesel on Combustion Characteristics, Engine Performance, and Emissions of Diesel Engine
Authors: Kanokkhanarat Phobkrit , Depaiwa Nattawoot , Karin Preechar , Wongpattharaworakul Veerayut , Srisurangkul Chadchai , Yamakita Masaki
Published: December 2022

Emissions from a diesel engine are dangerous to the environment and human health. Substitutable fuels from a renewable source are one of the alternatives to reduce emissions. Neat biodiesel from based palm oil (B100) can reduce emissions from higher oxygen content to be more complete combustion. The disadvantage of neat biodiesel is lower thermal efficiency from an advancement ignition. To improve this problem, adding bioethanol produced from agriculture products into neat biodiesel by weight ratio as B100E5 (95% B100 with 5% bioethanol) and B100E10 (90% B100 with 10% bioethanol). Hence, the focus of this research is to examine the combustion and emission characteristics, including engine performance, of bioethanol blends into neat biodiesel fuels (B100E5 and B100E10) compared with neat biodiesel (B100). All samples were tested at an engine load of 140 NM with constant engine speeds of 1000, 1500, and 2000 RPM on a diesel engine. The results of bioethanol blends into biodiesel fuels indicate that the pressure in the combustion cylinder and rate of heat release increase with increasing percentages of bioethanol. B100E10 shows the highest brake thermal efficiency. The smoke intensity of bioethanol blends into biodiesel fuels is reduced by more than 50% when compared to neat biodiesel fuel, and higher NOx emission from higher oxygen content in the fuels.
Reduction of Diesel Engine’s Particulate Matters using Retrofit CeO2 Diesel Oxidative Catalyst and Partial Flow Diesel Particulate Filter System
Authors: Liu Hai , Charoenphonphanich Chinda , Karin Preechar , Srilomsak Mek , Srimanosaowapak Sompong , Hanamura Katsunori
Published: December 2022

In this research, CeO2 was chosen for the DOC catalyst. Moreover, a partial-flow DPF was installed after DOC. The exhaust gas experiment was conducted at 20% - 50% engine load varying 1000,1500, and 2000 rpm of engine speed. The research results show that NOx reduced around 25% with CeO2 DOC and DPF systems at higher engine load. On the other hand, particulate matters decrease around 65% after CeO2 DOC and DPF systems. Furthermore, CO and HC amount were substantially reduced after applying after-treatment systems. According to fuel consumption, BSFC, and BTE results, the after-treatment system has no significant impact on engine performance.
20 years (2001-2020) of GIS-based forest cover loss in the Natura 2000 sites of Dobruja Region, Romania
Authors: Albulescu Andra-Cosmina , Larion Daniela
Published: December 2022

Forests are among the most valued, yet the most threatened biomes in the world; their management being a key issue of sustainability, as illustrated by the 15th Sustainable Development Goal (Life on Earth) set for 2030. In order to sustainably manage the forest ecosystems located in areas that were designated for nature protection and restoration – like the Natura 2000 (N2k) sites, knowledge related to forest cover loss is of interest, as it offers valuable clues regarding the intensity of forest management. This paper aims to explore the dynamics of forest cover loss in the N2k sites of Dobruja Region, Romania prior to their designation (2001-2007) and afterwards (2008-2014, 2015-2020), based on spatial data and GIS techniques. The forest cover loss registered during the aforementioned three time intervals was computed using the dataset provided by GLAD and Global Forest Watch. The relative forest cover loss, which represents the loss percentage in the total forest cover, was calculated by integrating the Forest Type data provided by Copernicus for 2018. In over a third (36.36%) of the considered sites, the forest cover loss steadily increased, regardless of the designation as a protected area. Also, 27.27% of the sites registered an increase of the parameter after the designation of the area as a N2k network component (2008-2014), followed by a decrease of the forest cover loss in 2015-2020. The same percentage is also applicable for the reversed pattern – initial decrease, followed by an increase of the forest cover loss. However, the relative cover loss was of low value, oscillating between 0.01% and 4.29%. Such findings may be used for formulating inferences on the efficiency of the N2k network, which is particularly important in the study area, as it includes the second largest and the best-preserved delta in Europe, as well as other high-value N2k sites.
Pinus nigra extractives analysis for green growth
Authors: Chavenetidou M A , Kakavas K V , Birbilis D
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to determine all the extractives from Pinus nigra. Different samples were collected from heartwood, sapwood and bark. A Soxlet device and three different solvents (water, ethanol, dichloromethane) were used to collect the extracts. Chemical analyses were conducted with GC-MS (Agilent 5975C). The results revealed significant amounts of the chemical compounds, such as phthalic acid, squalene, linoleic acid, ethyl oleate, propenoic acid, isopropyl myristate and humulen, which have many applications in green chemistry, novel – functional food and pharmaceutical industries and can be used for green growth, circular economy and environmental integration at the aspect of more effective use of natural resources and forest recovery.
Biodiesel production from high free fatty acid byproduct of bioethanol production process
Authors: Kokkinos Nikolaos , Theochari Grigoria , Emmanouilidou Elissavet , Angelova Daniela , Toteva Vesislava , Lazaridou Anastasia , Mitkidou Sophia
Published: December 2022

Biodiesel is a reliable and promising replacement of fossil diesel. It is stable, less toxic and can be produced from sustainable resources, including a variety of raw materials. Currently, the most widely used are vegetable oils (edible and nonedible), due to their availability. The present paper considers the potential of obtaining fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from corn oil, which is a byproduct of bioethanol production process. The ultimate outcome would definitely increase the profitability of the initial bioethanol production process. The biodiesel production process was implemented in two steps, due to the high content of free fatty acids of the obtained corn oil. The first step includes an acid-catalyzed esterification process and the second step comprises an alkali-catalyzed transesterification process to receive FAEE. Two different catalysts (sulfuric acid and p-toluene sulfonic acid) were utilized and compared each other in the esterification process, in order to cope with high acid number of the raw material. A comprehensive qualitative and quantitative analysis of both feedstock and biodiesel was performed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. The obtained biodiesel was characterized by a significantly lower cloud point compared to the feedstock and high acid number.
The infrastructure contribution to the regional development and the environmental protection: Typologies of regional units based on forest operations engineering
Authors: Louka Vereniki , Arabatzis Garyfallos , Kantartzis Apostolos
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this article is to investigate the contribution of mountainous infrastructure and in particular forest operations engineering in its development, environmental protection, adaptation to climate change and policy making, in order to achieve more rational use of natural and financial resources.

The research focuses on forest operations engineering funded by the Rural Development Program of Greece and were executed or will be executed by the Forest Services and Municipalities of the country during the Programming Periods 2007-2013 and 2014-2020 respectively. Data related to reforestation, fire protection, mountain waterworks and forest road projects constructed in the forest area are being analysed, followed by a description of their role in protecting the adjacent areas from fires, floods and in general effects of climate change, or contribute to regional and local development through assisting accessibility, upgrading the landscape aesthetically, creating jobs, etc. Finally, comparisons are made between the regional units and the clusters - clusters of regional units between the two program periods.

The identification of clusters of regional units will contribute to the creation of a clearer understanding of the problems of the mountainous area and to the evaluation of the possibilities for a more rational development, creating the conditions for the choice of alternatives, depending on the general economic or social objectives.

The data are taken from the Rural Development Program and relate to the funding that has been given or projected to be given for the execution of forest technical projects over two programming periods (2007-2013 and 2014-2020) at the level of regional unit. The data are processed by methods of descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis and in particular the cluster analysis of the executed and to be executed forest technical projects (especially projects related to reforestation, fire protection, mountain waterworks and forest road projects). This typology is particularly relevant, in the context of the effort for more rational mobilization and planned utilization of financial resources, based on the comparative advantages of each cluster-cluster of regional units.
Magnetic declination and climate change
Authors: Dimitrios Kampolis
Published: December 2022

Earth’s Magnetic Field is the magnetic field extended from inner Earth till out to space, meeting the solar wind. Its importance is crucial due to the deflection in most of solar wind having as a result the existence of ozone layer and the protection of Earth from UV radiation - a basic mechanism for preservation of life on Earth.

Although the magnetic field is deeply studied for its contribution to life preservation, an important question is still unanswered - the possible relationship between Earth’s magnetic field and climate. Plenty of studies are focused on correlations involving time series and ionospheric variations but the physical mechanism remains unknown.

Here, we propose an explanation based on time series (Historical Magnetic Declination) and the ionospheric variation over Europe as well as in other parts of the world, with a focus on zonal winds. We’ll examine a time series from Middle Ages till modern times in correlation with solar activity and weather history data, to support the hypothesis that there is a link between Earth’s climate changes and geomagnetic field variations. Finally, we’ll try to predict the climate characteristics of major parts of the globe for the following years.
Global warming, thermal engines’ efficiency and GHG emissions: The vicious circle of Climate Change
Authors: Yfantis Elias , Paradeisiotis Andreas , Ioannou Constantina , Nikolaou Ioannis
Published: December 2022

Global warming affects human beings and nature’s ecosystems. Apart from the observed, monitored and measured negative effects on human health and biodiversity, the application of the Laws of Thermodynamics proves that thermal engines can also be affected by having their thermal efficiency reduced due to the decreased value of ΔT (temperature difference between the two heat reservoirs). Considering that the global outcome is kept constant (same power demand and supply), a continuously decreased efficiency results in increased fuel consumption and thus higher CO2 emissions. Since CO2 as GHG favours global warming, a vicious circle is generated. Even though a slight decrease in thermal efficiency seems to be marginal and, thus, ignorable, the vast use of thermal engines in industrial power production and in transportation and the corresponding fossil fuels consumption results in a significant increase in CO2 emissions. The current study examines thermal engines (both for transportation and power generation on board the vessels) and estimates their GHG emissions. The present work, being part of an ongoing vast study on decarbonization, deals with the Carnot and Diesel thermal cycles. Examination of Otto, Dual Combustion, Joule/Brayton, and Rankine cycles will follow. The scenarios are examined to support decisions regarding actions that must be taken to start considering available complementary solutions which provide different levels of technological maturity, cost-effectiveness, and applicability.
Climate Change and SMEs: Green Transition, European Institutional Framework & Necessary Adaptations to Increase the Competitiveness of SMEs in the Region of Western Greece
Authors: Margosi Maria
Published: December 2022

Over the last decade, the climate crisis has been recognized as a great threat to humanity on a global and institutional scale. In this context, every country, with the European Union (EU) paving the way, is planning the ways and means of transitioning to a more sustainable future. Inevitably, the transition will affect citizens’ daily life and countries’ economic activity. In this framework, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have a central role; especially in countries such as Greece, where most of the enterprises are SMEs. Thus, both the EU and the UN are promoting policies and incentives for SMEs so that they will be actively involved in promoting sustainable development goals. With the Multiannual Financial Framework 2021-2027, the EU decided to use € 401 billion to assist innovations in the fields of green transition and renewables, including SMEs to these actions. At the same time, the National Plan for Recovery and Sustainability “Greece 2.0” is moving in the same direction. Thus, the present study is an attempt to record the actions, reforms, and financial tools that “Greece 2.0” offers to SMEs, focusing on the region of Western Greece. At the same time, we will try to capture the impacts of natural gas introduction in the region. The study aims to outline the future of SMEs in Western Greece based on the current situation and the possibilities that the green transition will bring.
Accuracy of topographical instruments and Unmanned Aerial Systems for mapping and surveying environmental projects.
Authors: Kolkos G. , Stergiadou A. , Kantartzis A. , Tselepis A.
Published: December 2022

For the implementation of environmental technical projects, such as the urban forest management, a key element is the topographical and cartographic mapping of the area. Topographical instruments are based on digital, aerial or satellite information’s that can be used for producing topographical maps. This research aims to highlight that UAVs in combination with low-cost survey methods, produce topographical mapping with accepted accuracy for the implementation of environmental projects, how we can survey a road network in order to produce digital topographic maps and also how the implementation of four different ways of measuring can help us to accomplish it. The methods for executing topographic projects differ in quality, accuracy, time and cost. The results of surveying with a total station, a binary satellite positioning system, a handheld satellite positioning system and an unmanned aerial system were compared based on the accuracy of the results. Estimation of measurement error combined by the time required and the cost of each instrument and associated software for data processing were estimated. The results obtained prove that low-cost methods give sufficient and acceptable accuracy; especially the Unmanned Aerial Systems, are capable of being used for the design and implementation of forest urbanization studies.
Energy valorisation of the residual biomass from greenhouses in the framework of a circular economy
Authors: Gioulounta Kleio , Kosmadakis Ioannis , Elmasides Costas , Diamantis Vasileios , Piskilopoulos Arsenis , Amiridis Iosif , Stamatelatou Katerina
Published: December 2022

Thrace Greenhouses S.A. cultivates 5000 t y−1 cucumbers and 3500 t y−1 tomatoes hydroponically on 170,000 m2 of land. During cultivation (from February to November), suckers and leaves are removed regularly, producing 7,000 – 8,000 t y−1 residual green biomass. The anaerobic digestion technology was applied at laboratory scale, to explore the potential of valorising the generated residues for biogas production. The latter ranged between 18 and 30 NL methane per kg of fresh biomass (suckers or leaves, respectively). Considering a typical mixture of suckers and leaves produced during the cultivating season, the methane produced annually was estimated at 140,000 m3. The biogas can be used as a fuel in a combined heat and power (CHP) system (cogeneration). CHP was considered the central unit in a hybrid energy system (HES) integrated with batteries, aiming to provide energy autonomy to the greenhouses. Moreover, the flue gas from the CHP containing 10% CO2 and 9% O2 could be used as a source of CO2 in the greenhouses. In this case, trace gases (NOx: 401±37 ppm, NO:168±15 ppm, NO2: 150±18ppm, CO: 401±60, SO2: 1.4±2.2) present in the flue gas should be removed and/or diluted with air before entering the greenhouses.
Use of new indices for the quantification of climate change based on air temperature variability
Authors: Zacharaki K , Tseliou A , Rapsomanikis N , Zervas E
Published: December 2022

The current study attempted to investigate the temperature’s variability through the selection of indicators that refer mostly to the increases and decreases of three typical values of daily temperature (mean, maximum, minimum). The primary meteorological data that has been used come from the station of the Hellenic National Meteorological Service in Tatoi, the time period 1955-2001. The time series of the maximum and the mean number of days with a continuous increase or decrease in the daily temperature was investigated seasonally and annually. In addition, the number of switches (increases/decreases) on annual and seasonal scales was analyzed. The results of the time series analysis led to the indication that as time passes temperature’s variability grows with more switches (ups and downs), while its variations become a bit milder.
Sustainable Stormwater Management at Urban Expansion Areas of Potential Significant Flood Risk
Authors: Markou D
Published: December 2022

The Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment (PFRA) for the Greek territory, according to European Directive 2007/60/EC, was completed in 2012 and was revised in 2019. Areas of Potential Significant Flood Risk (APSFR) were defined (and revised) for each River Basin District (RBD). Meanwhile, in 2018, the Flood Risk Management Plans (FRMPs) were approved - by Greek Authorities - for each RBD. In the FRMPs specific measures are proposed for the funding of Stormwater Management (SM) projects that will be designed according to the principles of Sustainable Development (SD), i.e., Best Management Practices (BMPs), Green Infrastructure (GI), Low Impact Development (LID), Urban Natural Water Retention Measures (NWRM) and Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS). Within this framework, a preliminary study is drawn up in order to specify some innovative proposals for Sustainable Stormwater Management (SSM) in three areas located into the APSFR of RBD ‘EL11’ (Eastern Macedonia), located in Northern Greece. Two of these areas, Perigiali and Nea Peramos are coastal, while the third one, Doxato, is a continental, plain area. Urban expansion plans are approved for all three cases. The study proposes the implementation of an Innovative Stormwater Management Plan (ISMP) for each area.
The image of the urban space. Social semiotics readings, data, and assumptions
Authors: Pamporis V , Micheli A
Published: December 2022

Contemporary urban space and contemporary urban life is rife with signs and markers with either collective or individual meaning, as the main symbolic regulator/leader in the socio-cultural presence and management of urban space. Urban city centres present a high degree of sign density that on the one hand express established conventional signs (in the strict sense of the term), which are accepted in a fairly, general way, and on the other hand define semantic symbolisms according to which the regulating modes and attitudes in our urban behavior are respectively indicated. This paper focuses on the ambiguity aspect of conceptual collective urban signs by examining important research variables such as: the degree of distinctiveness of the signs, the representation of the idea they ‘convey’, especially both as technical standards and as socio-environmental images of form.
Cultural and natural heritage as a driver of sustainable landscape development
Authors: Šćekić J , Nikolić M , Vaništa Lazarević E , Marić J
Published: December 2022

The Roman Limes - a former natural border of the Roman Empire has been recognized as a cultural landscape with exceptional universal values of international importance by UNESCO. In the Republic of Serbia, the Roman Limes encompasses the Danube river valley. Within this part of the Roman Limes, the Djerdap segment, which includes sites of different historical periods, stands out. However, most of the sites are underwater due to the construction of the Hydroelectric Power Plant. Physical inaccessibility to cultural heritage has led to insufficient presentation and promotion, but also a lack of information about its existence. Therefore, the main goals of this paper are to spread knowledge about the existence of the cultural and natural heritage of the Djerdap segment, as well as to identify the potential for their integration into contemporaneity. The results are presented through an urban-architectural project that is the sublimation of formed critical attitudes about the cultural heritage treatments. The expected results of the research include raising awareness of the importance of the cultural and natural heritage of the Djerdap segment through the promotion of cultural routes, as well as forming a potential model for their use in the process of establishing sustainable landscape development.
THE GREEN LINE | A biodiversity corridor along the past and present Athens railway network
Authors: Kogia N , Papafotiou M
Published: December 2022

The Green Line concerns the study of the introduction of an urban green route in proximity to the railway network of TRAINOSE in the greater area of Athens, Greece. The active and inactive railway network that runs through Athens has posed a challenge to good management, due to the empty spaces and derelict facilities it leaves behind as well as the urban fragmentation it causes. At the same time, Athens, in the midst of the global climate crisis, is in need of a long overdue introduction of urban green, in order to enhance the city’s resilience to extreme weather conditions and threats to biodiversity, especially to the urban and peri-urban fauna. The main motivation of all interventions is the introduction, mobility and enhancement of urban biodiversity. The means to achieve this is both the selection of ecologically valuable plant species able to attract and host important pollinator species and other urban fauna, and their interaction with humans. This interaction is examined in separate cases, depending on the urban and social conditions of each location, and incorporates urban farming (communal gardens, orchards, meeting and education points), urban beekeeping and pollinator care (urban beehives, bee and butterfly beds, bee hotels). These interventions are found along and in the vicinity of the railway network of TRAINOSE, which is divided into typologies and takes the form of individual design case studies. In its current state, this area bisects the city, creates problem areas and runs through densely populated areas with low incomes and a significantly low amount of green spaces, while, the conversions the railway network has undergone in recent decades leave behind areas ready to receive new uses. Most importantly, it can create a functional and practical green route that starts, passes through and ends at key points in the city.
Investigation of the thermal environment in schoolyards under Mediterranean conditions. Contribution to bioclimatic conditions improvement with the application of mild interventions – The case study of a school within the urban environment
Authors: Gkaidatzi Lydia-Despoina , Tseliou Areti , Katsavounidou Garyfallia , Zervas Efthimios
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to examine the thermal environment in schoolyards under Mediterranean conditions, and the impact of two interventions on the amelioration on the bioclimatic conditions.

The investigation was performed for three schools in Athens, Greece, through microclimatic simulations by ENVI-met, for a typical day in June, and was evaluated based on the air and surface temperature values. The bioclimatic index Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) was applied to evaluate the thermal comfort conditions.

By that, the school under the most adverse thermal conditions was selected for the application of two interventions, which increased the greenery by 25% (Proposal 1) and 50% (Proposal 2). The surface coating material “safety floor slabs”, was selected to replace the others in both proposals.

Through microclimatic simulations, the following results were obtained: “Proposal 1” caused a 2.3°C reduction in surface temperature, and a 4% reduction in PET values. ‘Proposal 2’ caused an 8.1°C reduction in surface temperature, and an 11% reduction in PET values. The cooling effect of ‘Proposal 2’ was double compared to ‘Proposal 1’, achieving a maximum air temperature reduction by up to 0.8°C. The cooling effect produced was limited to the areas affected by tree shade, leaving the unshaded areas almost unaffected.
Energy upgrading of buildings in Greece with eco-materials: An investigation of public awareness
Authors: Antoniou F , Demertzidou F , Mentzelou P , Konstantinidis D
Published: December 2022

The environmental impact of the construction sector is significant making it necessary to adopt sustainable solutions for energy upgrades of buildings. Furthermore, the use of advanced eco-materials to improve the energy efficiency of buildings has been shown to provide better energy conserving results than conventional upgrading materials, contributing directly to the improvement of the comfort level of building occupants. This study investigates the public view in Greece regarding energy upgrades of buildings using eco-materials. A mixed methods research approach was employed based on a questionnaire survey investigating the public’s knowledge of the need, the benefits of using eco-materials and the motivation required to renovate the buildings they live and work in to a higher energy efficient standard. Although technologies in advanced eco-materials have increased, the survey showed that, regardless of the existence of government subsidies, the general public in Greece is unaware of the importance of and benefits from upgrading their buildings with eco-materials. As a result, there is an urgent need to embark on more rigorous environmental awareness campaigns to support local authorities in implementing sustainability policies, like the use of eco-materials for the energy efficiency improvement of buildings, to create sustainable and healthy cities.
The impact of lighting trespass on nearby buildings and their inhabitants which derives from municipal stadiums. Early results from a post occupancy evaluation survey
Authors: Ntarara E , Syngkiridi K , Androvitsaneas V P , Doulos L T
Published: December 2022

Outdoor lighting has a more significant environmental influence on flora and fauna than humans mainly because of the shortest time period that they may be spending outdoors. Yet, light trespass has an equally important influence on people since it may affect the living conditions in their everyday life, and consequently, their prosperity. The present study investigates houses with facades in front of municipal stadiums with no audience and affected by their lighting. The prevailing visual atmosphere caused by the lighting levels and its improper direction is definitely intrusive separating the indoor and outdoor environment. This anthropocentric research, conducted via the Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE) methodology, aims to detect the visual and psychological effects and consequences of the visual surrounding caused by light pollution because of outdoor night lighting in an urban environment.
Current research trends into the effect of climate change on civil engineering infrastructures: A bibliometric review
Authors: Kalogeraki M , Antoniou F
Published: December 2022

Climate change and the construction industry are inextricably linked. On the one hand, the construction industry is responsible for the highest level of carbon emissions by sector, but, on the other hand, it is considered as the most vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. In this paper, a bibliometric review is carried out for shedding light on the manner with which climate change affects the construction industry and the existing and future infrastructures. Using VOSviewer and the Scopus database, relevant literature is retrieved and analyzed using keyword searches including ‘construction’, ‘infrastructure’ and ‘climate change impact.’ The bibliometric analysis determined how researchers have investigated different climate change factors affecting each distinct construction sector and infrastructure type. The analysis focused on publication year, country-institute, journal, author, and research themes. The detected research themes provide future researchers with potential research directions. A gap in the research regarding the investigation into the climate change effects on transportation infrastructure was determined. Therefore, a content analysis of the relevant papers under the theme ‘transportation infrastructures’ is conveyed. Ultimately, the main research trends and potential research directions for the protection of civil engineering infrastructures against climate change effects are discussed aiming to provide guidance to future research.
An Examination of use of Alternative Reference Sources in Colour Rendering of Environmental Lighting Applications
Authors: Dimitrakis A , Madias E-N , Kotsenos A
Published: December 2022

Environmental lighting applications include smart technologies with energy efficiency, zero toxic elements production, decreased number of luminaires, longer life span, etc. While the research is focused on energy performance and lighting requirements there must be attention for the users’ wellbeing even if the energy consumption is raised. One important aspect for the wellbeing is colour rendering, which is defined as the “effect of an illuminant on the colour appearance of objects by conscious or subconscious comparison with their colour appearance under a reference illuminant”. Reference is the foundation of communication, but no possible reference is inherently superior. The use of Planckian radiation, daylight, or a combination of the two has been established as a reference source because people are familiar with those two non-artificial light sources. Special lighting applications, like tunable light, are based on special specifications and the establishment of alternative design reference sources according to these specifications is a possibility for a better colour rendition. In the present study, different sources were designed with hue-specific chroma changes, and the results of colour rendition were compared with the relative results of standard reference sources. The exported results are reported, and proposals are made for the use of the results.
Design and Development of a Sustainable Environmentally Friendly and Human Centric Luminaire
Authors: Madias E-N , Patrikios E , Grigoropoulos C , Doulos L
Published: December 2022

Apart from the visual effects, light can also affect the human non-visual system, which includes a wide range of functions such as hormone secretion, alertness, mood etc. The non-image forming effects occur because light affects melanopsin, a photosensitive protein present in the receptive domain of retinal ganglion cells. These cells are responsible for generating nerve impulses that regulate the secretion of two hormones, cortisol and melatonin. Low-wavelength light at 460-480 nm inhibits melatonin secretion and activates brain activity. Aim of this paper is to create a sustainable and human centric luminaire suitable for office installations that will regulate the biological rhythm of the occupants and has the minimum environmental impact. The luminaire’s light source emits variable spectrum, with a collated colour temperature varying between 2700K and 6500K. For a 500K step of colour temperature values, the appropriate human centric lighting metrics are calculated: Equivalent Melanopic Lux, Melanopic Daylight Equivalent Illuminance, Circadian Stimulus. The development of the human centric luminaire considers not only the metrics of human centric lighting but energy efficiency and visual comfort as well. Conclusively, the proposed luminaire can provide a holistic approach to lighting design so as to integrate both visual and non-visual effects and produce sustainable and environmentally friendly lighting.
“Verd de proximitat BCN”: Monitoring and evaluation plan for the operation and impact of green roofs and façades in the city of Barcelona
Authors: Pérez Luque Gabriel , Coma Arpon Julià , Reyes Rogget Marcelo , Marias Gonzalez Gerard
Published: December 2022

Among the multiple Nature-based solutions (NBS) that can be applied at city scale, those that make it possible the integration of vegetation and nature on the building’s envelopes, such as green roofs, green walls and green facades, stand out for their ability to re-fill those scarce surfaces of opportunity in the dense built environment. The main objective of the “Verd de proximitat BCN” project is to design a “Monitoring and evaluation plan to assess the impact of green roofs and façades in the city of Barcelona”, which must be inclusive and participatory, economically viable and sustainable over time. To this end, 4 ongoing real projects are being retrospectively monitored in order to evaluate their impact. With the obtained results, a proposal for the future “Monitoring and evaluation plan for the operation and impact of green roofs and façades” will be drafted to be applied in future projects during the design phase of these solutions (prospective monitoring).