bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal transport of actinides in nitrate contaminated groundwater near a radioactive waste repository after bioremediation
Authors: Safonov Alexey , Lavrinovich Elena , Emel’yanov Alexander , Boldyrev Kirill , Kuryakov Vladimir , Rodygina Natalia , Zakharova Elena , Novikov Alexander
Published: March 2022

The possible role of biogeochemical processes in the transport of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal U, Np, and Pu during bioremediation of radionuclide- and nitrate-contaminated groundwater was investigated. In two laboratory experiments with water samples taken from contaminated aquifers before and post bioremediation, we found that microbial processes could cause clayed, ferruginous, and actinide colloids to coagulate. The main mechanisms are biogenic insoluble ferrous iron species formations (goethite, pyrrhotite, siderite, troilite, and ferrihydrite), the aggregation of clay particles by microbial metabolites, and the immobilization of actinides in the bacterial cells, large polymers, and iron and clayed sediments. This process decreases the risk of colloidal and pseudo-colloidal transport of actinides.
Conformational control of two-dimensional gold nanoparticle arrays in a confined geometry within a vesicular wall
Authors: Jang Jong Dae , Seo Hyuk-Jin , Yoon Young-Jin , Choi Soo-Hyung , Han Young Soo , Kim Tae-Hwan
Published: March 2022

The two-dimensional (2D) assembly of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in a confined geometry is a rare phenomenon that has not been experimentally verified for complex systems. In this study, this process was investigated in detail using two types of block copolymers with hydrophobic and hydrophilic blocks and a series of AuNPs of three different sizes protected by hydrophobic ligands. In aqueous solutions, the selected block copolymers self-assembled into vesicular nanostructures with a hydrophobic domain in the wall, which functions as a confined geometrical space for hydrophobic AuNPs (i.e., it exerts a confinement effect and restricts the movement of AuNPs). Small-angle X-ray scattering studies revealed that AuNPs of different sizes assembled differently in the same confined geometry of the vesicular wall. In addition, optimal conditions for the formation of a regular NP array in the hydrophobic domain were determined. The AuNPs successfully self-assembled into a regular 2D lattice structure, forming a shell around the vesicle, when their size matched the thickness of the hydrophobic domain of the vesicular nanostructure. This study provides guidelines for the fabrication of nanoparticle arrays with controlled structures, which could enhance the functionality of materials and their physical properties.
Whole-brain white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being
Authors: Kotikalapudi Raviteja , Dricu Mihai , Moser Dominik Andreas , Aue Tatjana
Published: March 2022

We investigated the white matter correlates of personality profiles predictive of subjective well-being. Using principal component analysis to first determine the possible personality profiles onto which core personality measures would load, we subsequently searched for whole-brain white matter correlations with these profiles. We found three personality profiles that correlated with the integrity of white matter tracts. The correlates of an “optimistic” personality profile suggest (a) an intricate network for self-referential processing that helps regulate negative affect and maintain a positive outlook on life, (b) a sustained capacity for visually tracking rewards in the environment and (c) a motor readiness to act upon the conviction that desired rewards are imminent. The correlates of a “short-term approach behavior” profile was indicative of minimal loss of integrity in white matter tracts supportive of lifting certain behavioral barriers, possibly allowing individuals to act more outgoing and carefree in approaching people and rewards. Lastly, a “long-term approach behavior” profile’s association with white matter tracts suggests lowered sensitivity to transient updates of stimulus-based associations of rewards and setbacks, thus facilitating the successful long-term pursuit of goals. Together, our findings yield convincing evidence that subjective well-being has its manifestations in the brain.
Zinc complex of 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylate inhibits viability, migration, and invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cells
Authors: Chen Heng , Wang Dong , Fan Limei , Liu Zixin , Zhang Weiran , Xu Jinhua , Liu Yunyi
Published: March 2022

The zinc complex of 3,5-di-tert-butyl salicylate (Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22−) is a zinc ion chelate of salicylate. In this study, we found that this compound inhibits viability, invasion, and migration and induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer 4T1 cells. RNA-seq showed that the expression of 17 genes was upregulated and 26 genes were downregulated significantly by Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− treatment. Further GO and KEGG analysis showed that the activity of Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− against triple-negative breast cancer cells may be involved in the JAK-STAT3, HIF-1, and TNF signaling pathways. The expression of key genes was verified by RT–PCR. The phosphorylation of STAT3 and its upstream SRC decreased drastically upon Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− treatment, as demonstrated by western blot. Our results indicate that Zn{[CH3)3C]2Sal}22− inhibits the activity of TNBC cells by downregulating the STAT3 signaling through the SRC pathway.
Galvanic corrosion protection of Al-alloy in contact with carbon fibre reinforced polymer through plasma electrolytic oxidation treatment
Authors: Liu Junyi , Huang Xiaohu , Ren Yi , Wong Lai Mun , Liu Hongfei , Wang Shijie
Published: March 2022

Al-alloy/carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) joint systems offer exceptionally lightweight, superior fatigue behaviour and impact resistance for aerospace applications. Nevertheless, the galvanic corrosion at the joint interfaces accelerates the adhesive failure and strength damage. In this work, oxidation of Al 7075 alloy was studied by employing plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) and thin film sulphuric acid anodizing (TFSAA) methods, addressing their galvanic corrosion (GC) protection performance in contact with CFRP. Structural and electrochemical characterisations were carried out in tandem with varied oxidation process parameters, revealing that high voltage PEO resulted in crystallized compact ceramic coating and thus improved GC protection. A decrease in the GC current by ~ 90% has been achieved by using the PEO coating at 700 V compared with the ~ 12% current reduction of commercial TFSAA coating. Further microstructure studies revealed that the improved GC protection of the crystallized PEO coating was realized by suppressing the initiation and propagation of localized pitting due to the improved electrical isolation between the Al-alloy/CFRP interfaces. A high voltage PEO process provides sufficient energy to produce uniform and crystalline ceramic coating consisting of Al2O3and mullite, which give rise to improved corrosion protection.
All-optical matter-wave lens using time-averaged potentials
Authors: Albers Henning , Corgier Robin , Herbst Alexander , Rajagopalan Ashwin , Schubert Christian , Vogt Christian , Woltmann Marian , Lämmerzahl Claus , Herrmann Sven , Charron Eric , Ertmer Wofgang , Rasel Ernst M. , Gaaloul Naceur , Schlippert Dennis
Published: March 2022

The precision of matter-wave sensors benefits from interrogating large-particle-number atomic ensembles at high cycle rates. Quantum-degenerate gases with their low effective temperatures allow for constraining systematic errors towards highest accuracy, but their production by evaporative cooling is costly with regard to both atom number and cycle rate. In this work, we report on the creation of cold matter-waves using a crossed optical dipole trap and shaping them by means of an all-optical matter-wave lens. We demonstrate the trade off between lowering the residual kinetic energy and increasing the atom number by reducing the duration of evaporative cooling and estimate the corresponding performance gain in matter-wave sensors. Our method is implemented using time-averaged optical potentials and hence easily applicable in optical dipole trapping setups.
Evaluation of biological responses to micro-particles derived from a double network hydrogel
Authors: Matsumae Gen , Terkawi Mohamad Alaa , Nonoyama Takayuki , Kurokawa Takayuki , Takahashi Daisuke , Shimizu Tomohiro , Kadoya Ken , Gong Jian Ping , Yasuda Kazunori , Iwasaki Norimasa
Published: March 2022

Double network hydrogels have been proven to be a substitute biomaterial for cartilage. For further applications as articular cartilages, it is essential to understand the biological reactions that might be initiated by their micro-particles.
Exponential averaging versus umbrella sampling for computing the QM/MM free energy barrier of the initial step of the desuccinylation reaction catalyzed by sirtuin 5
Authors: Dietschreit Johannes C. B. , von der Esch Beatriz , Ochsenfeld Christian
Published: March 2022

Free energy surface confirms conserved SN2 type mechanism. Comparison of the activation barrier with 150 previously calculated minimum energy paths and machine learning results illustrates the importance of sampling when studying complex reactions.
Emerging low-molecular weight nucleopeptide-based hydrogels: state of the art, applications, challenges and perspectives
Authors: Giraud Tristan , Hoschtettler Paul , Pickaert Guillaume , Averlant-Petit Marie-Christine , Stefan Loic
Published: March 2022

This minireview highlights the interests, high potential, applications and perspectives of the emerging low-molecular weight nucleopeptide-based hydrogels.
Asperosin A, a [4 + 2] Diels–Alder cycloaddition polyketide dimer fromAspergillus rugulosawith immunosuppressive activity
Authors: Qiao Yuben , Tan Xiaosheng , Xu Qianqian , Zhang Zijun , Xu Qiaoxin , Tao Li , Liu Junjun , Zhu Hucheng , Chen Chunmei , Ye Ying , Lu Yuanyuan , Chen Gang , Qi Changxing , Zhang Yonghui
Published: March 2022

A novel homologous polyketide dimer, asperosin A (1), constructed with a unique hetero-bicycle 6/5 core skeleton featuring four continuous quaternary carbons, was isolated from a solid culture of the fungusAspergillus rugulosa.
Bioinspired syntheses of cryptoflavanones C and D, oboflavanones A and B, and cryptoyunnanones G and H enabled by an acid-triggered cascade sequence
Authors: Zheng Anquan , Wang Sasa , Zhou Tingting , Chen Yan , Ke Xin , Chen Huiyu , Tan Haibo
Published: March 2022

Collective total syntheses of oboflavanones A-B, cryptoflavanones C-D, and cryptoyunnanones G-H via a bioinspired acid-triggered olefin isomerization/hemiacetalization/dehydration/formal [3 + 3]-type cycloaddition cascade process are presented.
A type II heterojunction α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 for the heterogeneous photo-Fenton degradation of phenol
Authors: Ge Fuxiang , Li Xuehua , Wu Mian , Ding Hui , Li Xiaobing
Published: March 2022

Composite α-Fe2O3/g-C3N4 with type II heterojunction to degrade phenol by heterogeneous photo-Fenton reaction.
Effect of core–shell nanocomposites on the mechanical properties and rheological behaviors of cement pastes
Authors: Wang Gang , Tan Hua , Lu Chunjing , Sun Ao
Published: March 2022

The core–shell structure endowed the SiO2/PEGMA nanocomposite with multiple functions, which could not only significantly improve the cement hydration and densify the microstructure, but also efficiently enhance the fluidity of the cement pastes.
Highly precise FIR thermometer based on the thermally enhanced upconversion luminescence for temperature feedback photothermal therapy
Authors: Shi Haonan , Han Fang , Wang Xiuli , Ren Xiaotong , Lei Ruoshan , Huang Lihui , Zhao Shilong , Xu Shiqing
Published: March 2022

A highly precise temperature-feedback photothermal therapy platform is proposed based on all-fiber fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) thermometry.
Sustained order–disorder transitions in a model colloidal system driven by rhythmic crosslinking
Authors: Melcher Lauren , Rennert Elisabeth , Ross Jennifer , Rust Michael , Robertson-Anderson Rae , Das Moumita
Published: March 2022

A colloidal system can rhythmically transition between a disordered, unconnected state and a network-like ordered state when connected via crosslinkers with oscillatory kinetics. The connectivity can be regulated by varying the oscillation period.
Kinetics of geopolymerization followed by rheology: a general model
Authors: Tran Kelly , Chalamet Yvan , Mignard Nathalie , Carrot Christian , Gyppaz Franck , Auvray Thierry
Published: March 2022

The gel time during geopolymerization of blends of metakaolins having various compositions and at different temperatures was predicted owing to a kinetic analysis using oscillatory shear measurements and a reaction time-temperature superposition.
Precise synthesis of single-atom Mo, W, Nb coordinated with oxygen functional groups of graphene oxide for stable and selective two-electron oxygen reduction in neutral media
Authors: Dong Chaoran , Lee Kug-Seung , Cho Yoonjun , Wang Shi-Ping , Fan Xue-Wen , Bai Fu-Quan , Park Jong Hyeok , Zhang Kan
Published: March 2022

We have developed a one-pot solvothermal strategy for single-atom catalyst synthesis (M = Mo, W, Nb) with M–Ox–C moieties for effective H2O2 production via a two-electron oxygen reduction reaction.
N-doped carbon@Cu core–shell nanostructure with nearly full solar spectrum absorption and enhanced solar evaporation efficiency
Authors: Meng Fanyue , Ding Zibiao , Chen Zeqiu , Wang Kai , Liu Xinjuan , Li Junfeng , Lu Ting , Xu Xingtao , Pan Likun
Published: March 2022

An N-doped carbon@Cu core–shell photothermal material with rapid thermal response and superior evaporation rate was prepared and applied for solar desalination.
High thermoelectric performance based on CsSnI3 thin films with improved stability
Authors: Tang Weidong , Liu Tianjun , Fenwick Oliver
Published: March 2022

CsSnI3 thin film thermal deposition strategy for enhanced air stability. Doping is thermally-accelerated and a full thermoelectric characterisation is presented.
Nanozyme enhanced magnetic immunoassay for dual-mode detection of gastrin-17
Authors: Zheng Chujun , Jiang Qixia , Wang Kan , Li Tangan , Zheng Wei , Cheng Yuemeng , Ning Qihong , Cui Daxiang
Published: March 2022

A lateral flow detection was developed for dual-mode detection of gastrin-17, including nanozyme-enhanced chromatographic detection and magnetic quantification.
Azidoborolate anions and azidoborole adducts: isolable forms of an unstable borole azide
Authors: Lindl Felix , Fantuzzi Felipe , Mailänder Lisa , Hörl Christian , Bélanger-Chabot Guillaume , Braunschweig Holger
Published: March 2022

An unstable azidoborole derivative was prepared and indirectly identified through trapping in the form of neutral Lewis adducts and, quite surprisingly, in the form of the diazidoborolate complex anion.
Zn/Cu complexes constructed through selective in situ Br–Cl exchange: synthesis, structures, properties, and DFT insights into the Cu-catalyzed mechanism
Authors: Si Chang-Dai , Zhang Jian-Bin , Pan Feng-Feng , Wang Peng , Liao Tian-Lu , Zheng Wan-He , Liu Jia-Cheng , Yuan Kun
Published: March 2022

The coordination polymers of Cu(ii) and Zn(ii) have been synthesized. Simultaneously, the selective in situ Br–Cl exchange mechanism, structures, magnetic properties, and the fluorescence lifetimes of complexes 1–2 are discussed in detail.
Solar-driven photoelectrocatalytic degradation of anticancer drugs using TiO2nanotubes decorated with SnS quantum dots
Authors: Mazierski Paweł , Wilczewska Patrycja , Lisowski Wojciech , Klimczuk Tomasz , Białk-Bielińska Anna , Zaleska-Medynska Adriana , Siedlecka Ewa M. , Pieczyńska Aleksandra
Published: March 2022

SnS-Ti/TiO2photoanode for anticancer drug degradation.
Metal–organic framework derived bimetal oxide CuCoO2 as efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Gao Han , Yang Miao , Du Zijuan , Liu Xing , Dai Xianglong , Lin Kun , Bao Xiao-Qing , Li Hong , Xiong Dehua
Published: March 2022

The OER-enhancing activity of MOF-derived CuCoO2 nanocrystals was attributed to the oxygen vacancies caused by lattice oxygen loss, the increase of OH− content on the surface, and the synergistic effect of Cu2+/Cu+ and Co2+/Co3+ redox pairs.
Enhancing chalcogen bonding by metal coordination
Authors: Gomila Rosa M. , Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: March 2022

By exploring the CSD in combination with DFT calculations, we demonstrate that chalcogen bonding interactions are strongly enhanced by metal coordination.
Applications of lipidomics in marine organisms: progress, challenges and future perspectives
Authors: Rey Felisa , Melo Tânia , Lopes Diana , Couto Daniela , Marques Francisca , Domingues M. Rosário
Published: March 2022

A compressive overview of LC-MS-based marine lipidomics: methodological workflow, lipid characterization, quantification and the most recent findings in marine phyla.
Reduced graphene oxide-supported smart plasmonic AgPtPd porous nanoparticles for high-performance electrochemical detection of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene
Authors: Zhang Xinxin , Huo Hongyue , Ma Kongshuo , Zhao Zhenlu
Published: March 2022

Smart plasmonic AgPtPd NPs/rGO exhibited a wide linear range for TNT from 0.1 to 8 ppm with a sensing limit of 0.95 ppb. The remarkable features are probably attributed to the integrated advantages of the plasmonic properties and synergistic effect.
Visible light-promoted photocatalyst-free activation of persulfates: a promising strategy for C–H functionalization reactions
Authors: Saha Sudipta , Bagdi Avik Kumar
Published: March 2022

This review summarizes visible light-induced photocatalyst-free C–H functionalization reactions employing persulfates. The reactions proceeded through the generation of persulfate radical anions from persulfates under visible light irradiation.
Design and NMR characterization of reversible head-to-tail boronate-linked macrocyclic nucleic acids
Authors: Debiais Mégane , Gimenez Molina Alejandro , Müller Sabine , Vasseur Jean-Jacques , Barvik Ivan , Baraguey Carine , Smietana Michael
Published: March 2022

The construction of boronate ester-linked macrocyclic di- and trinucleotides by the head-to-tail assembly of a ribonucleotide precursor containing a boronic acid is reported.
Rhodium-catalysed decarbonylative C(sp2)–H alkylation of indolines with alkyl carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides under redox-neutral conditions
Authors: Suzuki Hirotsugu , Kawai Yuya , Takemura Yosuke , Matsuda Takanori
Published: March 2022

A redox-neutral decarbonylative alkylation of indoline with alkyl carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides has been developed for the expedient synthesis of C-7 alkylated indolines.
Synthesis of 1,3-diselenyl-dihydroisobenzofurans via electrochemical radical selenylation with substituted o-divinylbenzenes and diselenides
Authors: Wang Ying , Xu Ning , Li Weiwei , Li Jiaojiao , Huo Yijun , Zhu Wenrong , Liu Qiang
Published: March 2022

An efficient electrochemical method for the synthesis of 1,3-diselenyl-dihydroisobenzofurans was developed under mild conditions from substituted o-divinylbenzenes and diselenides.
Building permanently optically active particles from an absolutely achiral polymer
Authors: He Zixiang , Miao Tengfei , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Ma Haotian , Ma Yafei , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin
Published: March 2022

A novel strategy has developed for constructing polymer particles with permanent chirality by partially cross-linking the azobenzene units to allow perfect recovery of the destroyed helical superstructure without any chiral sources.
Diaryliodonium salts facilitate metal-free mechanoredox free radical polymerizations
Authors: Zeitler Sarah M. , Chakma Progyateg , Golder Matthew R.
Published: March 2022

Mechanically-induced redox processes offer a promising alternative to more conventional thermal and photochemical synthetic methods.
Synergistically enhanced photothermal transition of a polyoxometalate/peptide assembly improved the antibiofilm and antibacterial activities
Authors: Wang Yu , Chen Gang , Liu Rongrong , Fang Xuexun , Li Fei , Wu Lixin , Wu Yuqing
Published: March 2022

A polyoxometalate/peptide assembly improved the antibiofilm activity, offering a novel strategy for the rational design of light-responsive antibacterial materials.
Suppression of self-stratification in colloidal mixtures with high Péclet numbers
Authors: Schulz M. , Brinkhuis R. , Crean C. , Sear R. P. , Keddie J. L.
Published: March 2022

The stratification of small colloids on top of drying bimodal films is suppressed when the viscosity of the continuous phase is high, because the gradient layer width is small relative to the large colloid size.
Evaluation of N-doped carbon for the peroxymonosulfate activation and removal of organic contaminants from livestock wastewater and groundwater
Authors: Cai Shu , Zuo Xiaoxue , Zhao Haiyan , Yang Shengjiong , Chen Rongzhi , Chen Liwei , Zhang Ruihong , Ding Dahu , Cai Tianming
Published: March 2022

Polydopamine coating significantly prevents N loss during the pyrolysis of g-C3N5. N-Doped carbon drives the organics oxidation by electron-transfer between the surface-activated PMS and organic contaminants.
Recent progress on van der Waals heterojunctions applied in photocatalysis
Authors: Chen Xin , Pan Wei-guo , Guo Rui-tang , Hu Xing , Bi Zhe-xu , Wang Juan
Published: March 2022

Progress on the applications of van der Waals heterojunctions in photocatalysis.
Graphene-nanoscroll-based Janus bifunctional separators suppress lithium dendrites and polysulfides shuttling synchronously in high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Zhang Zhigang , Dong Yanfeng , Gu Yuefeng , Lu Pengfei , Xue Fangfang , Fan Yangtao , Zhu Zhicheng , Lin Jun , Li Qiuhong , Wu Zhong-Shuai
Published: March 2022

NGNS-PP could improve the diffusion of Li+ effectively and inhibit the growth of dendrites. The Li//Li cell with NGNS-PP separator exhibited excellent cycling stability (12 000 h at 6 mA cm−2).
Online topology‐based voltage regulation: A computational performance enhanced algorithm based on deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Xu Peng , Wang Beibei , Zhang Yue , Zhu Hong
Published: March 2022

The increasing use of distributed generation (DG) in power systems can result in frequent online voltage problems. In scenarios in which substantial DG prediction errors occur because of high DG accommodation levels, traditional technical solutions cannot meet the online voltage regulation requirements. Hence, new resources for online voltage regulation are needed. Here, flexible network reconfiguration is proposed to coordinate with the existing resources for severe online voltage deviations. For online topology‐based voltage regulation (OTVR), the authors develop a deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm based on the following specially designed modelling to enhance the computational performance. The mechanism of action incorporates the concepts of local research, branch exchange, and action separation, and it effectively simplifies the action dimension and action space. In addition, for the graph data in OTVR, a graph convolution network (GCN) is applied to obtain better feature extraction. Case studies performed on IEEE 14‐bus, 33‐bus, 141‐bus systems and a practical system verify that our proposed algorithm can obtain close to optimal solutions in 2 s which can meet the needs of online voltage regulation. Moreover, we verify that the developed OTVR effectively increases DG penetration and decreases the need for investment in additional regulating devices.
Short-term variability of DS Tucanae A observed with TESS
Authors: Colombo S. , Petralia A. , Micela G.
Published: March 2022

Context. Impulsive short-term variations occur in all kinds of solar-type stars and are the result of complex phenomena such as stellar magnetic field reconnection, low-level variability, or in some cases even star-planet interactions. The radiation arising from these events is often highly energetic and, in stars hosting planets, may interact with the planetary atmospheres. Studying the rate of these energetic phenomena is fundamental to understanding their role in modifying the chemical composition or, in some extreme cases, the disruption of the planetary atmospheres.

Aims. Here, we present a new procedure developed to identify the impulsive events in Transit Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS) light curves. Our goal is to produce a simple and effective tool with which to study the short-term activity of a star using only its light curve in order to derive the distribution and energy of short-term variations. As our first case, we studied the system DS Tuc.

Methods. Our technique consists of fitting the TESS light curves using iteratively Gaussian processes in order to remove all the longterm stellar activity contributions. We then identify the impulsive events and derive amplitudes, timescales, and the amount of energy emitted.

Results. We validate our procedure using the AU Mic TESS light curves, obtaining results consistent with those presented in the literature. We estimate the frequency distribution of energetic events for DS Tuc. In particular, we find that there are approximately two events per day with energy greater than 2 × 1032 erg. We find evidence for a favoured stellar phase for short-term activity on AU Mic, and also indications of short-term activity in phase with the planetary orbit. For DS Tuc, we find that the event distribution is not equally spaced in time but often grouped. The resulting distribution may be used to estimate the impact of short-term variability on planetary atmosphere chemical compositions.
Flare echoes from relaxation shocks in perturbed relativistic jets
Authors: Fichet de Clairfontaine G. , Meliani Z. , Zech A.
Published: March 2022

Context. One of the main scenarios to account for the multiwavelength flux variability observed in relativistic jets of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is based on the diffusive shock acceleration of a population of relativistic electrons on internal shocks of various origins. Any complete AGN emission scenario has to be able to explain the wide range of observed variability timescales, which change over several orders of magnitude between the radio and gamma-ray band. In addition to observations of flux variability, constraints are also provided by very-long-baseline interferometry (VLBI), which shows a large variety of moving and standing emission zones with distinct behaviors.

Aims. Combining dynamic hydrodynamic jet simulations with radiative transfer, we aim to characterize the evolution of stationary and moving emission zones in the jet and study their multiwavelength signatures through emission maps and light curves. We focus our study on flare events that occur during strong interactions between moving ejecta and stationary recollimation shocks. Such events are shown to lead to a significant perturbation of the stationary jet structure.

Methods. We simulate relativistic jets with the magneto-hydrodynamic code MPI-AMRVAC and inject nonthermal particle distributions of electrons into shock regions. We follow the propagation of a moving shock and its interactions with a structure of standing recollimation shocks in the jet. Synchrotron emission and radiative transfer are calculated in the post-processing code RIPTIDE for given observation angles and frequencies, assuming a turbulent magnetic field and taking the light crossing effect into account.

Results. In the case of strong shock–shock interactions, we demonstrate the appearance of trailing components behind the leading moving shock. The latter destabilizes the jet, causing the emergence of oscillating standing shocks and relaxation shocks. Emissions from these regions can dominate the overall flux or lead to “flare echoes” in the light curve. Another observational marker for the presence of relaxation shocks appears in time-distance plots of bright VLBI components of the jet. Our scenario provides a plausible explanation for radio VLBI observations of the radio galaxy 3C 111, where trailing components were observed during a radio outburst event in 1997, and may be applicable to other sources with similar features.
A 20 year-long GNSS solution across South-America with focus in Chile
Authors: Klein Emilie , Vigny Christophe , Nocquet Jean-Mathieu , Boulze Hugo
Published: March 2022

Over the last 3 decades, GPS measurements have been instrumental in quantifying tectonic plates current motion and deformation. Complex patterns of deformation along the plate boundaries revealed heterogeneous coupling on the plates interface and imaged seismic segments at different stages of their seismic cycle. Along the South-American trench in Chile, where large earthquakes occur frequently, continuous GPS observations (cGPS) captured both the long-term plate motion and the transient deformations associated with the seismic cycle. Over the years, a network of hundreds of cGPS stations has been deployed all across the South-American continent by many different institutions for many different sorts of purposes ranging from geographic reference to tsunami early warning. We report here on the processing of 20 years (2000–2020) worth of data over a selection of cGPS stations, devoted to the quantification and analysis of the deformation along the Chilean subduction zone between 18°S and 40°S. We use all available data near the trench in Chile and a less dense network inside the continent where the gradient of deformation is lesser. Our database, namedSOAM_GNSS_solENS, provides time series of precise daily station position, obtained from double difference (DD) processing and expressed in the International Terrestrial Reference Frame 2014 (ITRF14). These time series allow to quantify, with sub-millimetric precision, any kind of ongoing deformation process, either from tectonic origin such as interseismic deformation, co- and post-seismic displacements associated with earthquakes, transient deformation associated to seismic swarms and/or a-seismic slow-slip events, or of other origin such as hydrological loading (for ex., the Amazonian basin load) or any other type of loading affecting the surface of the Earth (tides, atmosphere, etc.). We also provide a database of coseismic displacements associated with close to 60 earthquakes of Mw larger than 6.5 that occurred over the last 20 years within the observation area. All time series are directly accessible through a deposit and we plan to make them available through a web interface that will allow any user to perform elementary operations like estimating offsets, detecting outliers, detrending, filtering and stacking. That database will evolve with time, aggregating more data. In the future, we also plan to complement that database with a rapid solution in quasi real time processed in Precise Point Positioning (PPP), and with hourly atmospheric delays associated with water vapor content of the lower layer of the atmosphere.
An Algorithm Substitution Attack on Fiat-Shamir Signatures Based on Lattice
Authors: LIU Jinhui , YU Yong , WU Fusheng , CHENG Yuehua , ZHANG Huanguo
Published: March 2022

Many evidences have showed that some intelligence agencies (often called big brother) attempt to monitor citizens’ communication by providing coerced citizens a lot of subverted cryptographic algorithms and coercing them to adopt these algorithms. Since legalized services on large number of various applications and system architectures depend on digital signature techniques, in the context some coerced users who use double authentication preventing signatures to design some novel digital signature techniques, have some convincing dissertations to defuse requests from authorities and big brothers creating some corresponding subverted signatures. As rapid progress in quantum computers, National Security Agency advisory memorandum and announcement of National Institute of Standards and Technology procedures from standardization focus on some cryptographic algorithms which are post quantum secure. Motivated by these issues, we design an algorithm substitution attack against Fiat-Shamir family based on lattices (e.g., BLISS, BG, Ring-TESLA, PASSSign and GLP) that are proven post-quantum computational secure. We also show an efficient deterable way to eliminate big brother’s threat by leaking signing keys from signatures on two messages to be public. Security proof shows that our schemes satisfy key extraction, undetectability and deterability. Through parameters analysis and performance evaluation, we demonstrate that our deterring subverted Fiat-Shamir signature is practical, which means that it can be applied to privacy and protection in some system architectures.
A Numerical Algorithm for Arbitrary Real-Order Hankel Transform
Authors: YANG Yonglin , LI Xing , DING Shenghu , WANG Wenshuai
Published: March 2022

The Hankel transform is widely used to solve various engineering and physics problems, such as the representation of electromagnetic field components in the medium, the representation of dynamic stress intensity factors, vibration of axisymmetric infinite membrane and displacement intensity factors which all involve this type of integration. However, traditional numerical integration algorithms cannot be used due to the high oscillation characteristics of the Bessel function, so it is particularly important to propose a high precision and efficient numerical algorithm for calculating the integral of high oscillation. In this paper, the improved Gaver-Stehfest (G-S) inverse Laplace transform method for arbitrary real-order Bessel function integration is presented by using the asymptotic characteristics of the Bessel function and the accumulation of integration, and the optimized G-S coefficients are given. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by numerical examples. Compared with the linear transformation accelerated convergence algorithm, it shows that the G-S inverse Laplace transform method is suitable for arbitrary real order Hankel transform, and the time consumption is relatively stable and short, which provides a reliable calculation method for the study of electromagnetic mechanics, wave propagation, and fracture dynamics.
The Number of Solutions of Certain Equations over Finite Fields
Authors: HU Shuangnian , LIU Jianghan , QIN Zhentao
Published: March 2022

Let s be a positive integer, p be an odd prime, [see formula in PDF], and let [see formula in PDF] be a finite field of q elements. Let [see formula in PDF] be the number of solutions of the following equations: [see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF] over the finite field [see formula in PDF], with [see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF] and [see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF] are positive integers. In this paper, we find formulas for [see formula in PDF] when there is a positive integer l such that dD|([see formula in PDF]) , where [see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF][see formula in PDF] And we determine [see formula in PDF] explicitly under certain cases. This extends Markoff-Hurwitz-type equations over finite field.
Quenching Fluorescence of Quantum Dots by Using Gold Nanocrystals in Quantum and Classical Size Regime
Authors: WANG Peng , ZHOU Tao , DING Sijing , LI Jianbo , WANG Ququan
Published: March 2022

This paper investigates the factors which can influence the quenching effect from the perspective of energy transfer. The quenched fluorescence of the CdSe semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) by using plasmonic Au nanocrystals (p-AuNCs) and molecule-like Au nanocrystals (m-AuNCs) in aqueous suspensions and spin-coated films is comparatively investigated. In the aqueous suspensions, the p-AuNCs have larger quenching effect than the m-AuNCs. In the spin-coated films, the p-AuNCs and m-AuNCs have comparable quenching factor. Furthermore, the experiments show that the p-AuNCs simultaneously enhance the radiative and nonradiative rates. But the m-AuNCs only enhance the nonradiative rate of the SQDs, which reveals the difference of quenching process between the p-AuNCs and m-AuNCs. This result of the research has guiding significance for the detection technique based on the fluorescence quenching.
Spannendes Potpourri aus Neurologie und Psychiatrie
Authors: Reichmann Heinz
Published: March 2022

Die vorliegende Ausgabe der „Fortschritte“ bietet wieder ein
aufregendes und spannendes Potpourri neurologischer und psychiatrischer
Originalarbeiten.
Trigeminoautonome Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Nägel Steffen , Kraya Torsten
Published: March 2022

Im Vergleich zur Migräne und zum Kopfschmerz vom Spannungstyp sind trigeminoautonome Kopfschmerzen (TAK) zwar selten, aber die erhebliche Beeinträchtigung und die nicht unerhebliche Prävalenz 1 (z. B. Clusterkopfschmerz 0,1%) machen TAK zu wichtigen Diagnosen. Die korrekte Diagnosestellung erfolgt allerdings leider oft verzögert. Dieser Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über das diagnostische Vorgehen und die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei TAK.
Ein-Jahres-Verlauf geriatrischer Rehabilitations-Kandidaten mit und
ohne Ambulante Geriatrische Rehabilitative Versorgung (AGRV)
Authors: Krupp Sonja , Jennifer Kasper , Balck Friedrich , Lammich Justus , Willkomm Martin
Published: March 2022

Ziel der Studie Die multizentrische, prospektive, kontrollierte
Kohortenstudie untersucht, ob sich geriatrische Patienten mit bzw. ohne
Teilnahme an der Ambulanten Geriatrischen Rehabilitativen Versorgung (AGRV) in
Schleswig-Holstein in den Merkmalen Selbstständigkeit,
Mobilität, Schmerzintensität, Lebensqualität,
Unterstützungsbedarf, Änderung des Wohnortes oder
Inanspruchnahme von Krankenhausbehandlung und Heilmitteltherapie im Verlauf
eines Jahres unterscheiden.

Methodik Patienten, bei denen von Geriatern die Indikation zu AGRV an
fünf Standorten gestellt worden war, wurden zwischen Mai 2013 und April
2016 viermal innerhalb eines Jahres telefonisch befragt. Die Daten wurden sowohl
hinsichtlich des Verlaufs innerhalb der Gruppen als auch unter dem Aspekt der
unterschiedlichen medizinischen Versorgungsform (AGRV erfolgt/nicht
erfolgt) analysiert.

Ergebnisse Am Anfang und im zweiten Halbjahr des Untersuchungszeitraums
unterschieden sich die beiden Gruppen (122 Personen ohne AGRV, 283 mit
mindestens 15 Tagen AGRV) (in keinem der Outcome-Parameter signifikant, die
Nullhypothese (kein Unterschied zwischen den Gruppen im Barthel-Index nach einem
Jahr) wurde angenommen. Patienten mit AGRV erreichten schneller Fortschritte in
Bezug auf ihre Mobilität und Lebensqualität.

Schlussfolgerung AGRV ermöglicht vielen Rehabilitanden eine
raschere Verbesserung der Mobilität. Wenn die Geschwindigkeit der
Therapieziel-Erreichung von untergeordneter Bedeutung ist, reicht ambulante
Physio- und Ergotherapie bei vielen Patienten aus. Der Barthel-Index ist
für die Verlaufsbeobachtung von AGRV-Kandidaten nur bedingt
geeignet.
Time-Dependent Anti-inflammatory Effects of a Lipid Extract from
Macrocystis pyrifera on Toll-Like Receptor 2 Signaling in Human THP-1
Monocytes
Authors: Kok Jamie Mei Lin , Dowd Georgina , Cabral Jaydee , Wise Lyn
Published: March 2022

Seaweeds reportedly contain anti-inflammatory compounds; however, little is known
about the therapeutic potential of Macrocystis pyrifera. This study
investigated the anti-inflammatory properties of a methanol:chloroform extract,
chromatographic fractions, and fatty acids identified from M. pyrifera
(Linnaeus) C. Agardh. In human THP-1 monocytes stimulated with the Toll-like
receptor 2 agonist lipoteichoic acid, the extract decreased mRNA and protein
levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-8, and monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 to varied degrees at nontoxic concentrations. The
greatest anti-inflammatory effects were elicited when the extract was applied
between 6 h prior to, and 6 h after, the stimuli. Reduced levels
of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells signaling
proteins were observed in extract-treated cells, with a significant decrease in
the myeloid differentiation factor 88 protein abundance relative to stimulated
THP-1 cells. Chromatographic fractionation of the extract yielded 40 fractions,
of which fraction F25 exhibited the greatest inhibition of monocyte
chemoattractant protein-1 production in activated THP-1 cells. Fatty acids
abundant within the extract and F25 were identified then tested, individually
and in combination, for their anti-inflammatory effects. Myristic acid,
palmitoleic acid, and α-linolenic acid, but not the fatty acid
combination, inhibited lipoteichoic acid-stimulated monocyte chemoattractant
protein-1 production without compromising THP-1 cell viability. These findings
indicate that the fatty acid-rich extract and fraction from M. pyrifera
provide anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects that may be beneficial for
use as a therapeutic.
Antiapoptotic Effects of Hydroxychloroquine on Hypoxic–Ischemic Injury in Neonatal Rat Brain: May Hydroxychloroquine Be an Adjuvant Theraphy?
Authors: Tepe Tugay , Satar Mehmet , Yildizdas Hacer Yapicioglu , Ozdemir Mustafa , Ozlu Ferda , Erdogan Seyda , Toyran Tugba , Akillioglu Kubra
Published: March 2022

Objective Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) has immunomodulatory, antithrombotic, cardiovascular, antimicrobial, and antineoplastic effects. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiapoptotic and immunomodulator effects of intraperitoneal HCQ on hypoxic–ischemic (HI) injury in newborn rats.

Study Design Wistar albino rats, 7 to 10 days old, were randomly divided into three groups: hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) group, HIE treated with HCQ group, and Sham group. Left common carotid artery ligation and hypoxia model were performed in HIE and HCQ groups. The HCQ group was treated with 80 mg/kg intraperitoneal HCQ every 24 hours for 3 days, while Sham and HIE groups were given physiological saline. After 72 hours, rats were decapitated and brain tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, TUNEL, and IL-1β for histopathological grading and neuronal cell injury.

Results Neuronal apoptosis was statistically lower in all neuroanatomical areas in the HCQ group compared with the HIE group. IL-1β-stained areas were similar in both HCQ and HIE groups but significantly higher compared with the Sham group. Histopathological grading scores were found to be lower in the HCQ group on the left parietal cortex and hippocampus region.

Conclusion In this study, we have shown for the first time that HCQ treatment decreased apoptosis in HI newborn rat model in both hemispheres. HCQ may be a promising adjuvant therapy in neonatal HIE.

Key Points
Eight-Step Asymmetric Synthesis of (–)-Berkelic Acid
Authors: Cheng Hong-Gang , Zhou Qianghui , Yang Zhenjie , Chen Ruiming , Cao Liming , Wei Qiang , Wang Qingqing
Published: March 2022

We herein report an eight-step asymmetric synthesis of (–)-berkelic acid. This work features a sequential Catellani-type reaction/oxa-Michael addition with epoxides as dual-functionalized alkylating reagents for synthesizing the isochroman framework, a one-pot, acid-catalyzed deprotection/spiroacetalization process for the construction of a tetracyclic core intermediate, and a late-stage Ni-catalyzed reductive coupling reaction for the installation of the side chain. Remarkably, during the deprotection/spiroacetalization process, four new stereocenters are created with high stereocontrol from a single existing chiral center.
Enhanced Recovery after Surgery Protocol to Improve Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Postcesarean Pain Management
Authors: Felder Laura , Cao Connie D. , Konys Casey , Weerasooriya Nimali , Mercier Rebecca , Berghella Vincenzo , Dayaratna Sandra
Published: March 2022

Objective The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol and determine its effect on racial/ethnic disparities in postcesarean pain management.

Study Design We performed an institutional review board-approved retrospective cohort study of scheduled cesarean deliveries before and after ERAS implementation at a single urban academic institution. Pre-ERAS, all analgesic medications were given postoperatively on patient request. The ERAS protocol included preoperative acetaminophen and celecoxib. Postoperatively, patients received scheduled nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and acetaminophen. Oral oxycodone was available as needed, and opioid patient-controlled analgesia was eliminated from the standard order set. The primary outcome was total opioid use in the first 48 hours after cesarean, pre- and post-ERAS, reported in total milliequivalents of intravenous morphine (MME). A secondary analysis of opioid use and pain scores by racial groups was also performed. Chi-square, independent t-tests, analysis of variance, Mann–Whitney U, and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used depending on variable and data normality.

Results Pre-ERAS and post-ERAS groups included 100 women each. Post-ERAS, total opioid use in 48 hours was less (40.8 vs. 8.6 MME, p < 0.001) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores were lower on postoperative day 1 (POD1) and 2 (POD2) (POD1 maximum at rest: 6.7 vs. 5.3, p < 0.001). Pre-ERAS pain scores differed by race with non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients reporting the highest mean and max VAS pain scores POD1 and POD2 (POD1, maximum VAS at rest: NHB—7.4, non-Hispanic White—6.6, Hispanic—5.8, Asian—4.4, p = 0.006). Post-ERAS, there were no differences in postoperative pain scores between groups with movement on POD1 and POD2.

Conclusion A standardized ERAS protocol for postcesarean pain decreases opioid use and may improve some racial disparities in postcesarean pain control.

Key Points
Stereoelectronic Effects in Force-Accelerated Retro-Diels–Alder Reactions
Authors: De Bo Guillaume , Wu Lik Chun
Published: March 2022

In polymer mechanochemistry, mechanosensitive molecules (mechanophores) are activated upon elongation of anchored polymer arms. The reactivity of a mechanophore can be influenced by a variety of structural factors, including the geometry of attachment of the polymer arms and the nature of eventual substituents. Here we investigate stereoelectronic effects in force-accelerated Diels–Alder reactions using the CoGEF (Constrained Geometries simulate External Force) calculation method. We found that the presence of an electron-donating heteroatom on the diene leads to a lower activation force, and that the mechanochemical reactivity is suppressed when the anchor group is attached to a central rather than lateral position.
The effect of concentration-dependent diffusion on double-diffusive instability
Authors: Bratsun D. A. , Oschepkov V. O. , Mosheva E. A. , Siraev R. R.
Published: March 2022

The article studies the stability of a two-layer miscible system to the double-diffusive instability. The system is placed in a vertical Hele–Shaw cell and is composed of two homogeneous aqueous solutions initially separated by a narrow transient zone. We have restricted our consideration to the initially stable density stratification that precludes the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The main objective of the study is to elucidate the effect of a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient, which has been commonly ignored by researchers. Assuming linear dependence of the diffusion coefficient of each solute and using Picard's iteration scheme, we have derived a closed-form analytical expression for the time-dependent density profile. This permits the stability boundary to be established for a two-layer system with respect to the double-diffusive instability by taking into account the effect of a concentration-dependent diffusion coefficient. The obtained analytical result has been substantiated by the results of direct numerical simulation. The experiments have shown that a successive increase in the concentrations of both solutes, with their ratio remaining unchanged, can lead to opposite results. In the case of a NaNO3-H2SO4 pair, the two-layer system, being stable at low concentrations, becomes unstable as the concentrations proportionally increase, giving rise to convective motion in the form of salt fingers. On the contrary, a two-layer system consisting of LiCl and NaNO3 solutions is stabilized with increasing concentrations of dissolved substances. A further increase in the concentrations of these substances causes mechanical equilibrium breaking and subsequent formation of the so-called diffusive-layer convection. The experimental results are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.