bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paraffin Oil-Enhanced Biodegradation of Naphthalene by Hydrogenophaga palleronii LHJ38
Authors: Xin Jia Ying , Wang Yan , Zhang Ying Xin , Xia Chun Gu
Published: June 2010

Hydrogenophaga palleronii LHJ38 can grow on naphthalene as sole carbon and energy source. The growth and naphthalene degradation curve of the strain were determined in biphase and monophase system respectively. The growth and naphthalene degradation capacity of cells obtained from oil phase and aqueous phase were compared carefully. The maximum biomass of 4.248g/L was obtained after cultivating 72h under the optimum conditions of 30 mL paraffin oil and 2g naphthalene in 1L mineral salt medium. In the biphase system, the naphthalene degradation capacity of Hydrogenophaga palleronii LHJ38 was higher more than 2 times than that in the monophase system. The naphthalene (2g/L) can be degraded completely in 132h when the concentration of cell was 2 mg dry weight cell/mL. The naphthalene degradation rate of cells obtained from oil phase was 2.7 fold as fast as that of cells obtained from aqueous phase.
Application of Cascade-Correlation Algorithm in Cavitation Characteristics of Hydro Turbine
Authors: Zhao Wei Guo , Wang Li Ying
Published: June 2010

The cascade correlation algorithm that is cascade-correlation(CC) algorithms, CC network structure and CC network weights learning algorithm are introduced, based on the real data in hydropower station, considering the cavitation characteristics, the network model is established based on CC algorithm, and the applications of CC and BP algorithm of turbine are compared. The results show that the CC algorithm is better than BP neural network, the results can be used in the optimal operation of hydropower, and it has a practical significance.
Study on Treatment of Simulated Wastewater Containing Phenol with the Peanut Shells Activated Carbon
Authors: Wu Chun , Che Chun Bo
Published: June 2010

With peanut shells as raw material of activated carbon adsorbent, the adsorption property of wastewater containing phenol was studied. The effection of the amount of adsorbent, adsorption time, temperature, pH and other factors on absorbing effect were investigatied. It also made the preliminary research on adsorption mode. The results determined in acidic or neutral condition are as follows: the amount of absorbent 0.8g, the adsorption time 1.5h, temperature 30°C, Under which, the optimum absorbing effect of peanut shells activated carbon (PSAC) on the 100mL concentration of 50mg/L of wastewater containing phenol is achieved. The maximum maximum phenol removal rate can be up to 94.6%. PSAC performance curve of phenol adsorption is in line with Freundlich isotherm adsorption equation. PSAC as a adsorbent of wastewater containing phenol has good development prospect.
The Game Analysis of Negative Externality of Environmental Logistics and Government Regulation
Authors: Chen Si Hua
Published: June 2010

This paper mainly discuss the negative externality problems involved in environmental logistics and the necessity of government regulation, and the government’s role in resolving negative externality. In the process of environmental logistics, around the interest distribution after the internalization of external cost, it exists a series of games among parties of logistics systems, including game between enterprises and environment, game between enterprises and game between government and enterprises. Through the analysis of game model, we conclude that environmental logistics cannot only rely on the market forces, the government should play a greater role. The economic incentives based on market are the most effective way to resolve negative externality and at the same time we should avoid rent-seeking behavior. The government should accelerate the process of environmental logistics in China by increasing the intensity of propaganda of environmental logistics, making evaluation standard of environmental logistics, carrying out financial subsidies on environmental logistics, and guiding enterprises participating the technology development of environmental logistics.
Evaluation of Biodegradability of Amine Collectors
Authors: Yan Heng Zhen , Gong Wen Qi , Mei Guang Jun , Liu Xiao Ye , Chen Shao Hua
Published: June 2010

Amine collectors are widely used as oxidized ore collectors.Based on OECD 301B testing method, the biodegradability of amine collectors were analyzed and evaluated, and the values of IB of lauryl amine, octadecylamine, laurtrimonium chloride, lauryl trimethyl ammonium bromide, decane-propyl ether amine and dodecyl propyl ether amine were 173.4, 162.2, 164.6, 171.2, 160.8 and 149.4, respectively. The biodegradation of six test substances all exceeded 10% in 10 days, and all up to over 50% within 28 days. Considering comprehensively the two evaluation standards, the six amine collectors are all biodegradable. Evaluation of the biodegradability of amine collectors provides information that the chemical structure influences the biodegradability of amine collectors. It seems that the existence of ester group decreases the biodegradability of ether amine, and the shorter the carbon chain, the greater the biodegradation occurred.
Robust Method via Independent Component Analysis with Additive Noise
Authors: Zhao Yong Jian , Liu Bo Qiang , Wang Hong Run
Published: June 2010

Blind source separation via independent component analysis (ICA) has received increasing attention because of its potential application in signal processing system. The existing ICA methods can not give a consistent estimator of the mixing matrix because of additive noise. Based on interpretation and properties of the vectorial spaces of sources and mixtures, a new ICA method is presented in this paper that may constructively reject noise so as to estimate the mixing matrix consistently. This procedure may capture the underlying source dynamics effectively even if additive noise exists. The simulation results show that this method has high stability and reliability in the process of revealing the undering group structure of extracted ICA components.
Outside Flow Field Characteristic of Biological Carriers
Authors: Jiang Fan , Yu Juan , Xiao Zhong Min
Published: June 2010

The outside flow field characteristics influence the property of microorganism attachment, the multi-phase flow model is used to analyze the outside flow field characteristics, the results show: (1) Through numerical simulation, lots of physical quantities are obtained, these data help us to structural design and directional control of biological carrier. (2) microorganism attachment and growth on the biological carriers is easy in the horizontal position and little gas-water ratio.
Electricity Generation from Cattle Dung Using Microbial Fuel Cell in Acidification Process of Two-Phase Anaerobic Digestion System
Authors: Zhao Guang , Wei Li , Ma Fang , Chua Hong , Wang Zhe
Published: June 2010

The microbial fuel cell (MFC) constructed by a modified Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) which was used as acidification-phase of two-phase anaerobic digestion system. The experiment was operated as batch mode at mesophilic condition (35°C) to evaluate continue voltage output using cattle dung as substrate in hydrolysis-acidification process. The results illustrated that electricity generation increased noticeably to 300mV after 3 days operation, reached 430mV after 20 days and stabilized electricity generation from 420mV to 470mV in the following 70 days. The pH decreased from 7.15 to 6.65 after 15 days operation and maintained stability from 6.4 to 6.8. The main components of VFA in anode chamber were acetic, propionic and butiric acids. The dominating VFA was acetic acid that predominated untile day 50 and the maximum propionic acid concentration was 15% of total VFA.
The Regulatory Policy Design of Nonpoint Pollution from Agricultural Activities: Issues and Challenges in China
Authors: Han Hong Yun , Zhao Lian Ge
Published: June 2010

Non-point pollution (NPP) has become a major issue of environmental degradation in China. Uncertainty, moral hazard, and incomplete knowledge of NPPP make conventional policy instruments applied to point source pollution problems difficult addressing NPP problems. NPP regulatory policies should be designed to induce agricultural producers to change their production practices in ways that improve the environmental. The economic literature on NPP has not considered the possible use of both voluntary and mandatory approaches as complementary parts of a policy package. Factors influencing farmers’ cooperative action to conserve environmental public goods are critical in regulatory policy formation in transitional China with huge amount of small subsistence farmers. Under a changed political environment, a joint effort between government and farmers is the approach most favored to address NPP issues, under which relationships between environmental outcomes and agricultural production must be accounted for.
Options for the Procurement of Environmental Water Rights-Market Allocation or Government Regulation?
Authors: Zhao Lian Ge , Han Hong Yun
Published: June 2010

Confronting with the dual task of developing the economy and protecting the environment, China has made environmental protection one of its basic national policies. In the absence of well-defined property rights, disputes over water use have become more frequent, options for the procurement of environmental water rights in China is a pending issue in the process of sustainable development. Due to the public characteristics of environmental goods, the operation of a simple market or the control by government may not allocate water resources efficiently, the government should play a role via public and private programs enhance the environment through the direct acquisition of environment amenities. The estimation of values for preserving environmental assets is more challenging.
Preparation of Composite Carrier Material Immobilized Activated Sludge and Application in Treating Wastewater
Authors: Nie Qian , Gu Fang
Published: June 2010

The optimum preparation conditions of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) immobilized activated sludge are investigated, the results show that the concentration of the entrapping agents PVA is 10%(W/V), the mass ration of the activated sludge and entrapping agents is 1∶1(W/V) and the crosslinking time is 24 h. Pelletability and mass transfer property of immobilized activated sludge are improved by adding 1% sodium alginate (SA) into entrapping agents, the intensity of immobilized activated sludge and COD removal rate of oil wastewater can be increased simultaneously by using inorganic composited carrier material.
Characterization and Phylogenetics of a New Species of High Efficient Biohydrogen Production Anaerobic Bacterium
Authors: Liu Kun , Li Yong Feng , Jiao An Ying , Pan Xin Yu
Published: June 2010

Anaerobic process of biohydrogen production was developed recently. The isolation and identification of high efficient biohydrogen production anaerobic bacteria is the important foundation of fermented biohydrogen production process by anaerobic digesting organic wastewater. Considering with the physiological and biochemical traits, morphological characteristics and 16SrDNA sequence, the isolate Rennanqilyf12 is a new species and possibly member of a new genus. The temporary nomenclature of the genus is Biohydrogenbacterium and the temporary nomenclature of the specie is Biohydrogenbacterium nanqiyongfengii sp.nov.
Experiment of Green Pesticide on Killing Pine Moth of Pinus tabulaeformis Plantations
Authors: Ma Cheng Hui , Li Chang Sheng , Liu Mu , Wang Zhen Yu
Published: June 2010

Experiments were done on poisoning pine moth of Pinus tabulaeformis plantation with mixed liquid of wooden vinegar and the extract liquid of Chelidonium majus, Polygounum aviculare, Urtica angustofolia, Euphobia fischeriana, and Angelia dahurica in Suizhong County of Liaoning Province. The results showed that it could prevent and kill larva of pine moth of Pinus tabulaeformis quite well by using 20 times liquid of Urtica angustofolia, and the highest rate of mortality was 100%.
Selective Aerobic Oxidation of Aromatic Alcohols Catalyzed by TiO2: An Insight on the Effect of Surface Fluorination
Authors: Wang Qi
Published: June 2010

To achieve better activity, TiO2 was modified through surface fluorination using hydrofluoric acid (denoted as HF-TiO2). The photocatalytic activities of the as-prepared HF-TiO2 and pure TiO2 photocatalysts were evaluated for selective aerobic oxidation of benzyl alcohol. Experimental results indicated that without any loss of selectivity (>98%), distinct rate enhancement can be observed on HF-TiO2 comparing to pure TiO2. To optimize the condition of pretreatment, different concentrations of hydrofluoric acid were also used and the optimal concentration was determined to be 2%. Moreover, the dynamics of benzyl alcohol oxidation followed pseudo-first-order kinetic. By ESR technique and experiments adding different captures, the active specie is determined to be O2 while O2.- and H2O2 were byproducts of the reaction. In a word, this study opens a new path to obtain both high selectivity and conversion yield by TiO2 photocatalysis.
Pseudo-Second-Order Kinetics for the Adsorption of Uranyl Ion onto Peat at Different pH Value
Authors: Liu Zhi Rong , Tao Qin Qin , Wen Chuan Xi
Published: June 2010

Batch tests were used to investigate the effects of pH and contact time on the adsorption capability of peat. The results indicate that adsorption of uranyl ions on peat increase with increasing pH from 1 to 5. However it takes longer contact time to reach the adsorption equilibrium with increase of pH from 1 to 5. The adsorption process can be described by type 1 of the pseudo-second-order kinetics excellently.
Effect of Wheel Traffic on Soil Water Infiltration
Authors: Chen Hao , Yang Ya Li , Chen Li Hua
Published: June 2010

: Controlled traffic with conservation tillage is an useful way to solve the problem of wheel track induced soil compaction. Based on field infiltration experiment, the effect of controlled traffic with conservation tillage on the performance of water infiltration was analyzed, so as to promoting its application in northern China. Results showed that, random wheel track caused significant soil compaction in the surface layer in annual two-crop region. Controlled traffic with conservation tillage reduced soil bulk density in 0-0.2m soil layer, and cone index averagely 29.3% in 0-0.4m soil layer, therefore improved water infiltration. Compared with non-controlled traffic treatments, controlled traffic with conservation tillage increased accumulative infiltration by 25.8%.
Characteristics of Organchlorine Pesticides in Sediments of Lianhuan Lake
Authors: Xuan Fu Hua , Zang Shu Ying , Xiao Hai Feng
Published: June 2010

In this study, sediment samples were collected in Huoshaohei (HSH), Xihulu (XHL), Amuta (AMT), and Talahong (TLH) of Lianhuan Lake. Eleven chemical compounds of OCPs measured using GC-ECD method in the study area, including four HCH isomers (α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH), three DDT homologues (p,p’-DDT, p,p’-DDD, p,p’-DDE), Aldrin, Dieldrin, Endrin and Heptachlor. The ratio of (DDE + DDD)/∑DDT, the content of ∑HCH and ∑DDT, the correlations among TOC, ∑HCH, ∑DDT and OCPs were analyzed. The results show that HCHs and DDTs are major elements in this region and δ-HCH is the most dominant isomer in HCH, which was evidence of recent input of lindane. And higher amounts of OCPs occur in sediments with higher TOC content, DDTs and HCHs have similar sources which may come from usage of lindane and DDT in recent years.
The CVM Evaluation of Forest Eco-Tourism in Heilongjiang Province
Authors: Han Zhe Ying , Chen Hong
Published: June 2010

The Contingent Valuation Method can be used to assess the value of products with intangible benefits such as ecological products and so on. Forest eco-tourism product is the symbiosis product of forest ecological environment and tourism industry, which owns the function of increasing foreign exchange as well as carbon solidification and complies with the requirements of developing low-carbon economy. Forest eco-tourism product is a new growth point of forestry industry; however its value is underestimated by market price. This paper designed the survey objects, questionnaire, survey processes of Contingent Valuation Method that is suitable for Heilongjiang Province and the points should be attended during the implementation process, further, the willing expenditure utility function of Forest eco-tourism product is analyzed as well to provide a theoretical basis for the pricing of forest ecological product.
Study on the Assessment of Urbanization Level Based on Set Pair Analysis
Authors: Wang Deng Feng , Hu Peng , Yuan Cheng , Huo Yu , Li Heng , Li Guo Liang
Published: June 2010

The method of Set Pair Analysis is to study the certain and uncertain relationship between the different things and the key of this method is to calculate the connection degree of these things. In order to assess the urbanization levels, this paper proposed a new method to establish the assessment standards according to the value of assess indexes. The urbanization level of Yangtze River delta cities was assessed by Set Pair Analysis, and the results calculated are generally consistent with Nonlinear Mapping Analysis and Factor Analysis. Set Pair Analysis can provide an effective solution to urbanization assessment. The proposed method of standards establishment and Set Pair Analysis can also be used in other areas without unified assessment standards.
A Study on Characteristics of Atmospheric Boundary Layer during Dust Events in Lanzhou, China and their Relation with PM10 Pollution
Authors: Feng Xin Yuan , Wang Shi Gong
Published: June 2010

In order to understand the influence mechanism of dust events on PM10 pollution, the characteristics of atmospheric boundary-layer structure and turbulent flux transport during different kinds of dust events in Lanzhou and their relation with PM10 pollution were analyzed by using the data of PM10 concentration, gradient measurements of meteorological tower and turbulent flux measurements observed at SACOL. As dust events break out, the strong inversion in the boundary layer breaks and a mixing layer develops quickly. With the rise of wind speed, PM10 concentration increases sharply. If there is obvious dust transport from upstream regions, the peak of PM10 concentration can lag behind the peak of wind speed. The vertical transport of momentum flux is very strong. The turbulent momentum downward transport, especially the downward momentum flux of meridional velocity, is the main factor which causes the dust blowing and the heavy PM10 pollution during dust events.
The Expected Discounted Penalty Function with Random Income under Stochastic Discount Interest Force
Authors: Yu Wen Guang , Liu Zhi
Published: June 2010

We study the delayed risk model with random premium income. The premium process is not a linear function of time in contrast with the classical model, but a Poisson process which is also independent of the claim process. We shall consider the case where the discount interest process is no longer a constant in comparison with the classical expected discounted penalty function, but a stochastic interest driven by Poisson process and Wiener process. The expected discounted penalty function in the delayed renewal model is expressed in terms of the corresponding Gerber-Shiu function in the ordinary renewal model. The obtained results can be viewed as the discrete analogy of the classical Sparre-Anderson risk model.
Daily Discharge Forecasting Based on Support Vector Regression
Authors: Wang Li Ying , Zhao Wei Guo
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we apply support vector regression (SVR) for daily discharge forecasting and compare its results to other prediction methods using real daily discharge data. Since support vector machines have greater generalization ability and guarantee global minima for given training data, it is believed that support vector regression will perform well for time series analysis. Compared to other predictors, our results show that the SVR predictor can reduce significantly both relative mean errors and root mean squared errors of predicted daily discharge.
Study on Agricultural Non-Point Source Pollution Based on SWAT
Authors: Song Lin Xu , Liu Ping
Published: June 2010

Nonpoint source pollution, especially agriculture nonpoint source pollution is the major reason resulting in eutrophication in many receiving water bodies. At first, agriculture nonpoint source pollution and the harm pollutants bring is analyzed. Then around the questions about how the nonpoint source pollutants export from the soil and how much pollutant import into the receiving water, my study provide an overview of the progress of research on pollution forming mechanism, pollutants leaching from soil and pollutants migrating with streamflow into water body, and briefly summarizes the history of nonpoint source load estimation include model developing and application, and introduce the SWAT model which will be applied in my study. At last, I look forward to some important research direction in pollution mechanism and load estimation.
Studies on the Volatilization of Oil in Soils under Natural Conditions
Authors: Ma Yan Fei , Zheng Xi Lai , Feng Xue Dong
Published: June 2010

Oil-contaminated pillars were prepared by spilling oil on soils’ surface. The weight loss of oil was determined by subtracting the pillars’ pre and post weight measured on an electronic balance. The aim of this paper was to investigate the change of oil’s volatilization mass in soils with time. The results show that the gasoline in soils volatilizes at a logarithmic rate with respect to time, and the diesel oil in soils volatilizes at a rate which can be best modelled as a linear of time. The volatilization coefficient of gasoline in grit exceeds that in loam, while the volatilization coefficient of diesel oil in loam is from 2.0 to 2.5 times higher than that in grit. Oils’ volatilization coefficients increase with the increase of oil content. Linear equation and binomial equation describe the relationships of gasoline’s and diesel oil’s volatilization coefficients with oil content respectively.
Studies on Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase and Phosphorus Speciation in Sediments from Lake Hongfeng, China
Authors: Deng Jia Jun , Jiang Cui Hong , Hu Ji Wei , Wei Xiong Hui , Huang Xian Fei , Liu Feng
Published: June 2010

Environmentally significant activity of alkaline phosphatase (APA), phosphorus loading and its species were determined in 14 sediment samples from Lake Hongfeng, one of the key drinking-water sources in Guizhou Province, China. The results of this research indicates that APA presented a high level and notable fluctuations with spatial variations in sediments, ranging from 8.712×10-5 to 25.667×10-5 mol of p-nitrophenol g−1•h-1, and the average value of total phosphorus (TP) in sediments from the lake was 1129.81 mg/kg (dry weight). The content of inorganic phosphorus (IP) was higher than that of organic phosphorus (OP), and the content of the iron/aluminum-bound phosphorus (Fe/Al-P) with phosphorus release risk was also high. In addition, the Pearson’s correlation analysis shows various correlations between APA and Ca-P, Fe/Al-P, OP and IP.
Phosphorus Speciation in Sediments from Lakes Baihua and Aha with a Typical Karstic Environment, China
Authors: Jiang Cui Hong , Deng Jia Jun , Hu Ji Wei , Huang Xian Fei , Li Cun Xiong , Shen Wei
Published: June 2010

This paper reports a study on distribution characteristics of phosphorus and its species in 20 sediments samples from Lakes Baihua and Aha, based on the technique of sequential extraction. Baihua and Aha, two man-made reservoirs, are key drinking-water sources. The results, compatible with local geophysical characteristics, indicate that in sediments from both lakes, the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus (IP) were higher than those of organic phosphorus (OP), and the IP consisted mainly of calcium-bound phosphorus (Ca-P), which may temporarily control phosphorus release. Moreover, the concentrations of total phosphorus (TP) in both lakes sediments were high, thus phosphorus release potential and bioavailability were highly significant. Further statistical analyses revealed significant correlations with two extractable principal components allowing interpretation of possible origins of phosphorus loadings. Furthermore, available remediation measures were briefly evaluated for both lakes in consideration of their distinctive environmental features.
Sewage Sludge Solidification by Slag-Based Modifier for Landfill Cover
Authors: Wei Na
Published: June 2010

A slag-based composite modifier(SBCM) was proposed for more effective sludge drying and solidification. The optimum composition of SBCM was determined by Uniform design and corresponding mathematical modeling. Sludge drying experiments were performed and the effectiveness of sludge solidification was examined using Chinese leaching toxicity test. The experimental results showed that optimized-SBCM behaved better than quicklime in sludge semi-drying and the leaching concentrations of heavy metal of SBCM-solidified products were lower than the sudge-quicklime mixture. Besides, microscopic analyses using XRD revealed that the main hydrated product of solidification was ettringite, which played an important role in the effective setting process and immobilizing most heavy metals of sludge. Sewage sludge solidified using SBCM could be used as an effective landfill cover.
The Impacts of Fires and Fire Operations on Environment
Authors: Yang Dian Bo
Published: June 2010

The paper tries to expound environmental damage by fires and fire operations and thus draw more attention on environmental protection in fire protection. The environmental impacts are illustrated with many examples and concrete data. The article comes to the conclusion that: Fires result in not only casualties and economic loss but also permanent and unforeseeable environmental damage; People should try to enhance fire safety and cut down fire accidents while fire brigades should keep environmental protection in mind while fighting fires and choose environmentally friendly methods.
The Study of Three Evaluation Models of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Manas River Basin
Authors: Yang Guang , Wang Yue Jian , He Xin Lin , Li Jun Feng
Published: June 2010

Because lack of water resources in Manas river basin, the water resources carrying capacity evaluation is important to the water sustainable development. In this paper, we select the main factors of the water resources carrying capacity and separate into water resources subsystem, social subsystem, economic subsystem and ecological subsystem. Then established three evaluation models to evaluate the different years of water resources carrying capacity and made the application comparison. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and matter-element models are adaptable to the water carrying capacity evaluation, but the determination of weights is too subjective; The projection pursuit theory is based on the sample characteristics of their own, and without given weight of each indicator, the results is more objective. The results show that the water resources carrying capacity in Manas River basin was at V1-stage in 2000; it is at V2- stage in 2010 and V3- stage in 2020, and then the water resources carrying capacity in Manas River basin is the ideal carrying capacity status. At the same time, because of saving water technological and industry restructure adjustment, water resources carrying capacity in Manas River Basin is on a benign trend. At last, some measures of improving the water resource carrying capacity were put forward.
China’s Carbon Emissions Trading Market Analysis
Authors: Wu Ming Ming
Published: June 2010

As one of the carbon trade mechanisms ratified by Tokyo Protocol, the Carbon Emission Permits Trade has played a significant role of offsetting the global warming problem. This paper introduces the international carbon emissions trading market mechanisms, transaction type, and volume and price, and then analyses the status of carbon emissions trading at home and abroad. Finally, the author puts forward construction carbon emissions trading in China.
Performance of a Refitted Anaerobic Reactor System in Treatment of Water Hyacinth Press Juice
Authors: Xu Da Yong
Published: June 2010

The main objective of the present experimental investigation was to evaluate the performance of using a refitted anaerobic reactor system to treat the water hyacinth press juice. The biogas production rate was rapidly rising from 25 L.d-1 to 54 L.d-1 in the first few start-up days, there was approximately 1332 L biogas measured by wet gas meter and 62% of methane was detected during the experiment period. At the end of the anaerobic digestion treatment, it could be observed about 83.5% COD, 85.7% SS and 74.1% SS of the initial content was removed, declined from 7428 mg.L-1 to 1223 mg.L-1, from 6748 mg.L-1 to 967mg.L-1 and from 2315 mg.L-1 to 600mg.L-1, respectively. TN declined from 127.8mg.L-1 to 88.0mg.L-1 with a total loss of 31.2%. The variation of TP in the whole process was gradually declined, from 34.3mg.L-1 to 25.0mg.L-1, had total 27.1% lost. In the whole digestion process the pH increased slowly from 6.8 to 7.8. On the basis of the experimental results obtained, it is possible to conclude that: the refitted anaerobic reactor system for water hyacinth press juice digestion was practical and effective.
Research on Surface Quality Enhancement of Wood-Plastic Composite Powder SLS Parts by Post Processing
Authors: Zeng Wei Liang , Guo Yan Ling
Published: June 2010

According to its advantages, such as low-cost and green biological etc., Wood-Plastic Composite(WPC) is more suitable for make parts by Selective Laser Sintering(SLS) rapid prototyping (RP) process. With optimal design of components, the parts made by WPC have good mechanical properties as well as with good laser sintering properties. In order to further improve the surface quality of the parts, the post-processing–infiltrating with wax–is introduced. After post-processing, the void fraction is decreased from 51% to 7%, surface quality has been greatly improved, Ra belows 13µm on average, after polishing the surface is more smooth and Ra belows 5µm averagely，compared to those without post processing, surface roughness decrease 22% and 73% respectively.
Combining Coagulation Process with Biological Pretreatment for APMP Effluents Treatment
Authors: Liu Ting Zhi , Li Hong Kai , Duan Wei Jiang , Hu Hui Ren
Published: June 2010

The moderate pollution load of APMP effluents provides a chance for a new treatment process--combination of biological pre-treatment and coagulation treatment. Biological pre-treatment can reduce the pollution load and produce biomass at the same time. The removal of COD was 60.22% and the yield of biomass was 7.12g/L at the optimized conditions treated by Aspergillus niger. And the removal of acid-soluble lignin and color were up to 60% and 42.57%. The coagulation treatment was applied after bio-treatment by using alum and PAM as coagulation agent. The conditions of coagulation were optimized in this article. The optimized conditions were: Dosages of alum and PAM were 1000-1200mg/L and 2mg/L, pH is 5, stirring time is 30S at 300rpm, the temperature is 50°C. The coagulation removals of COD, color and turbidity were 83.80%, 86.38% and 98.33%. The removals of color were characterized by absorbance of 465nm, 325nm, 275nm and 254nm.
Effect and Mechanism of Microcystin Removal by Potassium Permanganate Loaded Zeolite
Authors: Liang Shuang , Li Xing , Yang Yan Ling
Published: June 2010

A microcystin detection and Environmental Scanning Electron Microscope investigation were carried out to analyze the microcystin removal effect and the forms of Microcystis aeruginosa cells with different dosage of potassium permanganate loaded zeolite. The results showed that potassium permanganate loaded zeolite had significant microcystin-LR removal effect both in the Microcystis aeruginosa and Nostoc samples. The optimal dosage and the optimal removal rate were 96.0% at 220mg/L and 77% at 110mg/L separately. The cell wall of Microcystis aeruginosa was ruptured by dosing both potassium permanganate and potassium permanganate loaded zeolite, while algae cells were accumulated. Cell groups treated by potassium permanganate loaded zeolite appeared more compact to improve cells settling performance and wrapped exudates to avoid microcystin excessing into water. There were abundant adsorption sites to adsorb intracellular and extracellular microcystin after potassium permanganate released from zeolite.
Steam Explosion Pretreatment Technique and Application in Biomass Conversion
Authors: Wang Xu Tao , Liu Li Sha
Published: June 2010

The research on biomass conversion technology has attracted great attention of the world along with the shortage of fossil energy resources. But the effect and efficiency of the pretreatment technique now used in biomass conversion are not so perfect. Using new steam explosion technique as a pretreatment process of biomass conversion has been reported rarely. The mechanism of steam explosion and its application effect in biomass conversion and utilization were introduced and analyzed respectively in this paper. The result showed that the semi-cellulose of steam exploded corn stalk degraded greatly to 7.57% from 25.4%, and a little cellulose and lignin degraded in this process. The saccharification rate of steam exploded green reserved corn stalk was 33.4% under the condition 2.0Mpa, 120s. It’s 1.33 times higher than the unexploded. According to the result of experimentation, the steam explosion technique should be a good pretreatment method for biomass conversion.
On the Scenario Simulation of Xinjiang Production of Water Resources Based on the IPAT Model
Authors: Zhang Hong Li , Guo Yong Qi
Published: June 2010

This document explains and demonstrates which should be taken in Xinjiang mode of development in the current water shortage situation. Using scenario analysis method and IPAT model（Impact, Population, Affluence, Technolog）, the article demonstrates seven possible development scenarios and analyzes each scenarios for the future use of water resources in oasis. By comparing and analysising, the scenario 4 (accelerated economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, strengthen water-saving water consumption of the weak control) and the scenario 7 (accelerated economic growth, adjusting the industrial structure, strengthen water-saving water consumption of the strong control) can be the most executive mode. This document will play a positive guiding significance in the actual work of water resources in Xinjiang Oasis on some degree.
Effect of Hydraulic Retention Time on Pretreatment of Sulfate-Laden Wastewater for Desulfurization-Denitrification Process
Authors: Li Wei , Liang Xiao , Lin Jian Guo
Published: June 2010

In order to treat wastewater rich in sulfate and organic carbon, an anaerobic attached-growth bioreactor was set up. It was the pretreatment of desulfurization-denitrification process. At hydraulic retention time of 128h-6.2h, sulfate removal rate and sulfide generating rate took on initial increasing and subsequent decreasing. At hydraulic retention time of 7.7h-10.2h, the removals of sulfate and organic carbon, sulfide generating rate reached 95.79%, 80% and 58.82%, respectively. The results showed that the suitable hydraulic retention time in sulfate reduction stage for the pretreatment of desulfurization-denitrification process was 7.7h-10.2h.
Ecological Compensation Models Based on the Value of Ecosystem Services – A Case Study of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corp in China
Authors: Wu Zhan Yong
Published: June 2010

This document attempts to establish a model of ecological compensation by using the theory of the value of the ecosystem services and put it into practice, to provide policy reference to the sustainable development of the new corps in ecologically fragile areas. Using the ecosystem services price method, the article calculated the value of ecosystem services of XPCC. Then calculated willingness of pay of urban residents by the Corps 's Logistic growth curve,and get the ecological compensation of Corps in 2006, which is 189, 816, 674, 000 Yuan. On this basis, the article determined the Compensation rates and the amount of compensation of the division of the Corps.
Biodegradation of Lindane and Lignocellulose by Microbial Community
Authors: Huang Jian , Liu Chang Li , Cui Zong Jun , Shen Hai Long
Published: June 2010

In order to investigate the capability of degradation lindane and lignocellulose of a microbial community, the gas chromatography(GC) was used to determine the concentration of lindane. After 18 days cultured, lindane reduced 6.25% more than the control. And the result of gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS) showed that the species and quantum of fermentation productions changed much in different phase. In order to determine the bacterial composition of the community, clone library was used to clarified bacterial composition. Constructed 16S rDNA clone library showed 60% closest relative among them were known the detailed information. Strain of closest relative of Clostridium may be main contribute to lignocellulose degradation, and closest relative of Proteobacterium may be the main contribute to degradation organochlorine pesticide (lindane).
Bonding Quality of Fiber-Wood Interface with Wood Adhesives
Authors: Cheng Fang Chao , Hu Ying Cheng
Published: June 2010

Effects of fiber fabric type, glue spread, adhesive kind and angle between carbon fiber and wood grain on bonding quality of fiber-wood interface were investigated to make it clear whether wood adhesive can be used in fiber reinforced wood products. Four different kinds of fiber fabric were bonded into poplar sample with three different adhesives and three different glue spread. Shear strength of samples were measured by compression shear test. The results indicated that bonding quality of GFMa (Glass Fiber Mat)-wood interface was the best of all and 400g/mm2 was the optimal glue spread for various adhesive and adhesion. Results of control experiment of angle between carbon fiber and wood grain indicated that bonding quality of samples with carbon fiber parallel to wood grain was better than that with carbon fiber perpendicular to wood grain.
Dynamic Monitoring and Emergency Response System for Environment Protection
Authors: Dai Wei Hui , Su Lian Hua , Liu Xiao Yi
Published: June 2010

Conventional practices have shown that veracious forecast and effective coordination are very significant for emergency response management on environment protection. Based on the 3G communication network and advanced knowledge base, this paper presented a new dynamic monitoring and emergency response system for the onsite treatment of environmental pollution. It integrates the real-time monitoring, pollution forecast, response plan, and emergency coordination into a knowledge-based system, and help to process the onsite pollution more quickly and precisely.
The Analysis of the Characteristics of Annual Runoff Series through Wavelet Coefficients
Authors: Liu Su Yi
Published: June 2010

A runoff-sequence contains many frequencies, from the point of the wavelet transfor- mation, they are included in different wavelet coefficients. Therefore, when a smooth wavelet function is used, changes in multi-time scale and jump characteristics of precipitation time series have been probed the tendency. Wavelet transform can clearly demonstrate all kinds of characteristics of precipitation runoff series: the strength and distribution of time scales.
The monthly data used in this paper comes from Guidei hydrology station of Yellow River (1919-1994) and Yichang hydrology station of Yangtze River (1946-1976), and the yearly ones from Yichang hydrology station (1882-1984).
Consumer Utility Function Analysis of Low Carbon Products
Authors: Chen Hong , Shi Shu Ai
Published: June 2010

Low carbon economy is gradually achieving global consensus by increasing number of countries. It is the basic way to address climate change and coordinate socio-economic development. The low carbon road with Chinese characteristic is the hotspot of academic research and it is a great challenge too. But few scholars did researches in low-carbon economy development from consumer preference. This paper analyzed the dual utility structure characteristic of low-carbon products from the perspective of low carbon products preference. According to consumer behavior theory, it concludes consumers have ultra-satisfaction consumption preference towards low-carbon products. The utility function has a positive real root which is not one. The paper hopes to provide the theoretical basis for analyzing market demand of low-carbon economy with the model.
Reduce the Plastic Debris: A Model Research on the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch
Authors: Zhang Yun , Zhang Yuan Biao , Feng Ying , Yang Xiao Jin
Published: June 2010

Based on the related current researches, this disquisition is focused on the problem of plastic debris in the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. From three aspects-the extent, density and distribution, this disquisition made a research on the current situation of the serious problem, and then put forward a quantitative model of the weight of plastic debris in the Pacifi Ocean Gyre. Besides, by limiting polystyrene takeout containers, we established an iterative model to predict the weight of plastic debris access to the sea per year in the future. After proving limiting polystyrene takeout containers could reduce the plastic debris effectively, we carry on a detailed analysis.
Constructing Elliptic Curve Including Subgroup with Low Hamming Order
Authors: Wang Mao Cai , Hu Han Ping , Dai Guang Ming , Pen Lei
Published: June 2010

In practical applications of pairing-based cryptosystems, the efficiency of pairing computation is a crucial factor. Recently, there have been many improvements for the computation of Tate pairing, which focuses on the arithmetical operations under given elliptic curve. Based to the characteristics that Miller’s algorithm will be improved tremendous if there are subgroups with order of low hamming prime above the elliptic curve, an algorithm of generating primes of low hamming with weight 3 is given in this paper. Then, we present an effective generation method of elliptic curve, which enable it feasible that there is certain some subgroup of low hamming prime order. The improvement of paring computation is marked above the elliptic curve generating by our method.
The Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution by Utilizing Modified β-Cyclodextrin Microspheres
Authors: Li Feng Yu , Sun Xiao Mei , Li Bu Hai
Published: June 2010

Batch adsorption experiments were carried out to remove heavy metals Cu(II)and Ni(II) by pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) grafted β-Cyclodextrin (β-CD). The effects concerning the pH of the solution, contact time and initial heavy metal concentration were studied and discussed. The adsorption values increased significantly after a large number of carboxyl groups were gragfted on the microspheres surface. In order to investigate the mechanism of sorption, adsorption data were modeled using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic equation. It was found that kinetic studies showed good correlation coefficients for a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, confirming that the sorption rate was controlled by chemical adsorption. The equilibrium process was better described by the Langmuir isotherm than the Freundlich isotherm. XPS analysis further confirmed that the carboxyl group which grafted on the surface of the β-CD microspheres play a very important role in the removal of heavy metals.
Study of Treating Marine Pollution Based on “3-Cent–Measure”
Authors: Yang Xiao Jin , Zhang Yuan Biao , Zhang Yun , Lv Peng
Published: June 2010

To show that taking measures can bring benefits in marine pollution, first of all, we compared the added weight of polystyrene containers debris between taking and not taking the “3-Cent –measure”. Besides, we calculated the cost for taking this measure. On the bases of these, we found the benefits of taking measures are far greater than their costs. Finally, we suggest that the government take long-term interests into account, and take measures to treat marine pollution.
Completely Autotrophic Nitrogen-Removal for Treatment of High Ammonia Leachate
Authors: Tian Wen De , An Kyoung Jin , Li Zhi Wei
Published: June 2010

This study focused on the feasibility of autotrophic nitrogen removal to treat high ammonia leachate, using combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process. In partial nitritation reactor, the optimal operation condition was found with influent ammonium concentration of 1200 mg/L, DO about 3 mg/L, HRT 3 days and temperature about 31°C at the ratio of NO2-N / NH4-N effluent kept at 1.1, which is a prerequisite for the application of Anammox. In Anammox reactor, more than 85% ammonium is removed at HRT 8 days, temperature 28±1°C, and pH 8. The removal rate of nitrogen and COD in combined partial Nitritation and Anammox process are 90% and 74%, respectively. Thus, a combined process of partial nitritation and a subsequent Anammox could be an alternative solution for ammonium removal for leachate.
Reutilization of Porcine Blood as Nutrients Source
Authors: Zhang Gen Sheng , Yue Xiao Xia , Liu Guang , Sun Jing
Published: June 2010

This paper studied the enzymatic hydrolysis process for porcine serum polypeptide from porcine blood. And the optimum enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were as follows: enzyme concentration was 1190u/g, pH was 9.0, temperature was 50°C, time was5.3h. the relative DH was 21.26% under above conditions, It not only solve the environmental problems of livestock and poultry processing industry but also opened up new channels and new areas for functional food’s research, it had good social and economic benefits.
Perspective on Devolpment of Nanotechnology in Textiles
Authors: Chen Jun , Gu Juan Hong , Liu Yan
Published: June 2010

Nanotechnology has proven its importance in almost all areas, and textile industry is not an expectation. Several applications of nanotechnology can be extended to attain the performance enhancement of textile manufacturing machines and processes. Using different methods like electro spraying and electro spinning, various materials have been used to increase additional functions in textiles. This treatment is applied to give textiles the desired handle, to make further processing easier and to improve the thermal and antistatic properties. In this manuscript, we have summarized the recent advances made in nanotechnology and the methods of fabricating functional fibers by electrospinning and melt spinning preparation. Applications of the nanotechnology in textile industries are also summarized in this paper with some novel ideas that can be utilized for the future research in this area.
Effects of Geometrical Shapes of Wood Particles on the Mechanical and Water-Uptake Properties of the Resulting Wood/High Density Polyethylene Composites
Authors: Wang Hai Gang , Wang Qing Wen , Xie Yan Jun , Song Yong Ming
Published: June 2010

Waste wood particles of different shapes were used to reinforce high density polyethylene (HDPE) to prepare high performance wood/plastic composites (WPC). The wood particles showed a needle-, flake-, strand-, and powder-shape, respectively. The mechanical and water-uptake properties of the composites manufactured using extrusion were tested. The wood needles/HDPE composites (WN-WPC) exhibited slightly higher mechanical strengths and lower density than the composites with the other shapes of wood particles. When the flake-, strand-, and powder-shaped wood particles were replaced by wood needles, the flexural, tensile and impact strengths were increased approximately by 4.24%, 7.61%, and 16.6% on average, respectively, and the density was decreased by about 7.34%. The length and width of WPC specimens changed little when soaked in water, with the thickening on the edge area only. WN-WPC performed the best waterproof stability. Based on the experimental results, the wood needles with lager length-to-diameter ratio would be the most suitable for producing high performance WPC.