bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real Time Distributed Controller For Delta Robots
Authors: Sharida Ali , Hashlamon Iyad
Published: May 2020

This paper investigates a real time distributed controller for a 3 DOF delta robot using low-cost educational simple microcontrollers. The parallel computing technique is used were the computational load is divided among several microcontrollers networked to each other to implement control methods. More specifically, the computation is distributed among four microcontrollers (MCU’s) which are connected to each other using CAN bus protocol. The main MCU is used to compute the control law. Each of the remaining MCU’s is connected to one actuator and its attached encoder to form an Intelligent sensor-actuator system (ISAS). At each sample time, the ISAS broadcast a message using the CAN bus to the main MCU containing the information about the motor position. Then according to the control law, ISAS receives the corresponding controller value that has to be applied to the motor. All required periodic, aperiodic and sporadic tasks, were implemented and will be handled by these MCU’s. Using this design, the computation time of control law can be minimized and implemented using ARDUINO microcontrollers. More, this method increases the flexibility of the system for additional equipment and control by adding more nodes to the network. The results show the applicability of the proposed distributed controller, it can track different types of control signals with acceleration up to 9.8 m/s^2 (1g).
Kūno pletizmografijos rodiklių pokyčiai po bronchų dilatacinio mėginio
Authors: Jašinskaitė Monika , Kalinauskaitė-Žukauskė Virginija , Malakauskas Kęstutis
Published: May 2020

Įvadas. Smulkieji kvėpavimo takai dėl specifinių anatominių ir fiziologinių savitumų paprastai nesukelia akivaizdžių spirometrinių rodiklių pokyčių. Todėl, norint vertinti ir smulkiųjų kvėpavimo takų būklę bei jų atsaką į skiriamą gydymą, tikslinga atlikti išsamesnį plaučių funkcijos įvertinimą. Tyrimo tikslas. Įvertinti kūno pletizmografijos rodiklių pokyčius pobronchų dilatacinio mėginio pacientams, sergantiems lėtinėmis obstrukcinėmis plaučių ligomis, ir palyginti su spirometriniais  rodikliais. Tyrimo metodika. Atliktas prospektyvinis tyrimas, kuriame dalyvavo lėtine obstrukcine plaučių liga (LOPL) (n=21) ir astma (n=21) sergantys asmenys. Kiekvienam tiriamajam buvo atlikta spirometrija ir kūno pletizmografija prieš ir praėjus 20 min. po 400 µg salbutamolio įkvėpimo. Pagal bronchų dilatacinio mėginio rezultatus (ΔFEV1≥12 proc. ir ≥200 ml, palyginus su pradine verte) tiriamieji suskirstyti į dvi grupes: teigiamo ir neigiamo dilatacinio mėginio. Rezultatai. Iš viso ištirti 42 vidutinio amžiaus (59,8±2,1 m.) asmenys. Teigiamas dilatacinis mėginys nustatytas 12 tiriamųjų (28,6 proc.), neigiamas – 30 (71,4 proc.). Abiejose tyrimo grupėse po salbutamolio įkvėpimo reikšmingai sumažėjo sRaw, padidėjo sGaw, tačiau FRC, RV, RV/TLC kito tik teigiamo dilatacinio mėginio grupėje. Nustatytos statistiškai reikšmingos sąsajos abiejose grupėse tarp FEV1 ir sRaw, RV/TLC prieš ir po dilatacinio mėginio. Abiejose grupėse nustatyta reikšminga sąsaja tarp FEV1 ir RV verčių prieš dilatacinį mėginį. Išvados. Kūno pletizmografija suteikia išsamesnės informacijos, palyginus su spirometrija, apie kvėpavimo takų, ypač smulkiųjų, funkcinius sutrikimus sergantiesiems obstrukcinėmis plaučių ligomis.
DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF COCONUT EMBRYO CULTURE EXPERIMENTS
Authors: Anitha Karun  , K. Muralidharan  , K. K. Sajini  , V.A. Parthasarathy
Published: May 2020

The experimental design and data analysis procedures followed for standardizing the CPCRI protocol of coconut zygotic embryo culture are described. The availability of human resources (for initiating the cultures as well as periodic sub-culturing), laboratory space for maintaining culture, infrastructure for preparation of adequate culture media etc, are the important factors to be considered at the planning stage. Since the response of interest per experimental unit is discrete (germinated or not), it is desired to have a “plot size” of 20. Based on the experimental errors obtained for various treatments, attempts were made to obtain the replication size for a specified value of treatment difference to be tested. In most of the experiments, per cent germination was not following the assumption of ANOVA , even after transformation. In such situation, the chi-square test was employed to study the influence of treatments on germination. The coefficient of variation in most of the experiments was below 20 %.
COCONUT LEAF NUTRIENT LEVELS OF BEARING DWARF VARIETIES AND PHYSIOLOGICAL CRITICAL AND ADEQUACY LEVELS IN CROP NUTRITION MANAGEMENT
Authors: Severino S. Magat, PhD
Published: May 2020

An  analysis of the leaf nutrient concentrations data of bearing palms (grown in a suitable coastal ecosystem) of three coconut dwarf varieties [Malayan yellow dwarf(MLYD),  Catigan green dwarf(CATGD) and  Tacunan green dwarf(TACGD)] planted at the designed-genetic blocks of the Zamboanga Research Center, San Ramon, Zamboanga City (Western Mindanao, Philippines), covering the period 1995-1999, was conducted .  The variability and trend of each leaf nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Cl, S and B) over the years was determined.

The critical levels of leaf nutrients are estimated based on the average or normal values of the historical data.  An initial  general reference guide on the physiological leaf critical  levels of dwarfs is  presented, as follows (leaf #14, dry matter): 1.70% N: 0.125% P; 0.90% K; 0.38% Ca; 0.26% Mg; ; 0.12% Na, 0.37% Cl; 0.15% S;  and  11 ppm B.

The implications of knowing the adequacy and critical levels in leaves as an indicator of crop nutrition to optimize the yield potential of dwarf varieties of coconut are discussed.
Coconut hispine beetle Brontispa longissima (Gestro) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Authors: S.P. Singh  , P. Rethinam
Published: May 2020

Coconut hispine beetle, Brontispa longissima (Gestro) was originally described from the Aru Islands (Maluku Province). It is native to Indonesia (Aru Islands, Maluku Province and possibly to Papua Province formerly known as Irian Jaya), and also to Papua New Guinea, including the Bismarck Archipelago, where it seldom causes serious problems. It has now spread widely in Asia, Australasia and Pacific Islands attacking not only coconut palm but also several other cultivated and wild palms. In recent times it has spread to Singapore, Vietnam, Nauru, Thailand, Maldives and Hainan Island (China). In the absence of natural antagonists it has become a very serious and devastating pest in new areas of its spread. It is feared that B. longissima will find its way from Maldives to Sri Lanka and southern parts of India to derail the economy of these important coconut-growing regions of the world. Thus emergency operations are necessary to try to decimate it down in the Maldives. A number of natural enemies such as Hispidophila (Haeckeliania) brontispae Ferriere, Ooncyrtus podontiae Gahan, Trichogrammatoidea nana Zehntner, Tetrastichus brontispae Ferriere, Asecodes hispinarum Boucek, Chrysonotomyia sp., Metarhizium anisopliae (Metchnikoff) Sorokin, Chelisoches morio Fabricius, Oecophylla smaragdina  (Fabricious), mites on adults (Anoplocelaeno sp. and Celaenopsis sp.), geckoes, skinks, tree frog and unidentified bacterial pathogen have been recorded. Biological control by introduction and enhancement of parasitoids- A. hispinarum and T. brontispae has proved very effective. Similarly spray of improved strains of entomopathogenic fungus, M.  anisopliae has proved effective. Exploratory surveys for parasitoids in the original home of B. longissima are suggested.
MODELS OF TRAPS FOR THE COCONUT PESTS RHYNCOPHORUS BILINEATUS AND SCAPANES AUSTRALIS AND THEIR TRAPPING EFFICIENCY IN PAPUA NEW GUINEA
Authors: Titus Kakul  , Dr. S. Laup  , Mr. R. N. B. Prior  , Dr. Didier Rochat  , Dr. Jean Paul Morin  , P. Gende  , S. Embupa  , Dr. L. Ollivier
Published: May 2020

The beetle pests Scapanes australis, Oryctes rhinocerous and Rhyncophorus bilineatus have been major constraints to coconut production in the Islands region of Papua New Guinea for the last 30 years.  Efficient synthetic attractants able to lure and trap all  three beetles have been developed.  This paper describes several trap designs developed at the Cocoa and Coconut Research Institute and the results obtained for their trapping efficiency in the laboratory and the field.  A modification of the “Titus Bucket” trap increased the number of R. bilineatus caught threefold and of female Scapanes twofold.  PVC pipe traps caught more Scapanes than the modified “Titus Bucket” trap.
Indicative nutrient supplying capacity and chemical properties of coir dust, coco husk and other coir dust-based materials
Authors: Ma. Celia M. Raquepo  , Carmelita D. Pabustan  , Severino S. Magat Ph.D.
Published: May 2020

The variability of the nutrient contents and chemical properties of coir dust or coco peat derived from coconut husk in different locations was noted.  Coir dust is a good supplementary source of N, P, K and Cl, including micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn).  The coir dust acidity ranges from pH 5.2 - 7.0, and EC from 0.10-1.67 ms/cm based from: fresh (1 month), 3 – 5 months, and 1 year open-field piling (storage).  Higher contents of nutrients K, Cl, and Fe of coir dust under coastal area was noted; but contents of N, P, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn and Cu were found similar in coastal and inland areas. Under rainfall in open-field piling, Cl dropped to <0.25% at 3 – 5 months and <0.12% in a year’s time period.  Moreover, a significant reduction of <0.30 and <0.15 EC (m/cm) in mentioned periods were indicated, respectively.

 

Generally, as compared with other nut components, coco husk and the coir dust did not differ in nutrient contents and chemical properties.   As composting material, either alone or in mixes, coco peat showed to be a supplementary source of P, K and Cl.  NPK ratio was 2:1:2; and organic carbon content ranged from 6.34 - 12.07%
Participatory technology transfer (PTT) – an innovative approach in root (wilt) affected coconut area
Authors: P. Anithakumari  , S. Manoj  , S. Arulraj
Published: May 2020

The awareness, knowledge, attitude and adoption of the root (wilt) management practices were found to be very low among the farmers of root (wilt) affected area. This disease affects the socio economic conditions due to the reduction in coconut yield. Central Plantation Crops Research Institute, Kerala (India) has developed effective integrated management technology for improving the health and yield of disease affected palms. Due to the perennial nature, prevalence of the disease in the State for more than ten decades, attitude of the farming community and other social/economic constraints, the linear model of Transfer of Technology (TOT) could not create the desirable effect. Hence an innovative Participatory Technology Transfer (PTT) approach was   implemented in severely root (wilt) affected district-Alappuzha during 1999-2003. The impact analysis indicated significant improvement in awareness (14 to 32.5), knowledge (19 to 59.5), attitude (22.5 to 36.5) and adoption (16 to 45.5) of practices as well as the scope for scaling up the TOT model in root (wilt) affected areas. The PTT enabled participation of major stakeholders in the TOT process. The categorization of the farmers indicated significant shift to the higher level of awareness from 63.00 to 92.00 %, higher level of knowledge from 14.00 to 74.50 % and higher adoption level from 27.50 to 57.00% after three years of PTT approach implementation.
On-farm evaluation of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall for tolerance to the lethal yellowing disease of coconut in Ghana
Authors: S. K. Dery  , J. Owusu-Nipah  , E. Andoh-Mensah  , B. N. Nuertey  , J. Nkansah-Poku  , R. Arthur  , R. Philippe
Published: May 2020

The performance of the coconut hybrid, Malayan Yellow Dwarf x Vanuatu Tall (MYD x VTT) was assessed in Ghana for a period of 6-8 years. The hybrid has previously been identified as being tolerant to the devastating lethal yellowing disease known in Ghana as Cape Saint Paul Wilt Disease (CSPWD). CSPWD is the most important coconut disease in Ghana. It has destroyed approximately 11,000 ha of coconut in Ghana, causing economic hardship to thousands of people. Mortality due to CSPWD during the trial period was only 1.0%. The hybrid showed remarkable tolerance to CSPWD during the 8-year trial period. Mortality, inflorescence emergence and nut load depended largely on the level of farmers’ commitment to basic management practices.  In well maintained farms, the hybrid performed two to three times better compared to farms where maintenance was poor.
Studies on nutrient export and extent of nutrient recycling in coconut based high density multispecies cropping system
Authors: P. Subramanian  , D.V. Srinivasa Reddy  , C. Palaniswami  , P. Gopalasundaram  , A.K. Upadhyay
Published: May 2020

Investigations were carried out to assess the biomass available for recycling from coconut based high density multispecies cropping system (coconut, clove, banana and pineapple) under graded levels of fertilizers (full, two-third, one-third, one-fourth and one-fifth of the recommended level of fertilizer for each of the component crops and control). The total biomass removed from the system ranged from 19.1 to 27.6 t ha-1 year-1. The highest biomass production was recorded from two-third level of fertilizer dose (27.6 t ha-1 year-1). Out of the total biomass obtained, the quantity available for recycling ranged from 12.7 to 18.5 t ha-1 year-1, which can contribute 56 to 110 kg N, 6.7 to 13.5 kg P and 108 to 225 kg K per hectare.
Preliminary attempt at biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker using two Trichogramma species
Authors: S.K. Jalali  , T. Venkatesan  , K.S. Murthy  , T.V. Bhaskaran  , Y. Lalitha
Published: May 2020

A preliminary attempt was made for biological control of coconut leaf eating caterpillar, Opisina arenosella Walker, by releasing two Trichogramma species viz. T. chilonis Ishii and T. embryophagum Hartig @ 1,000 to 4,000 parasitised eggs per palm in Bangalore, India. The mean percent reduction in larval population by 75.6, 60.0, 33.3 and 50.0% in T. chilonis and 88.8%, 175.0, 66.7 and 75.0% in T. embryophagum was recorded in treated palms during 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th generation of the pest compared to untreated control. There was non- significant difference between various release rates irrespective of the species, indicating that lower release rate of 1,000 parasitised eggs/palm as adequate. On sentinel egg cards, parasitism was low 2.0 - 5.0%, 0.0 - 2.0% and 0.0% in T. chilonis, and T. embryophagum released palms and untreated control palms, respectively. The field trial gave an indication that Trichogramma could be a potential parasitoid against O. arenosella and it is suggested that the parasitoids could be released and tested on a large scale in endemic areas to authenticate efficacy.
Sport and Society in Global France
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

From Zinedine Zidane to Lance Armstrong and from Michael Jordan to Marie-José Pérec, over the last thirty years, numerous individuals have emerged through the global sports industry to capture the imagination of the French public and become touchstones for the discussion of a host of social issues. This book provides new insights into the evolution of the global sporting spectacle through a study of star athletes, emblematic organisations, key locations, and celebrated moments in French sport from the mid-1980s to the present day. It draws on a wide range of sources, from film, television, advertising, newspapers, and popular music to cover key developments in sports including football, motorsport, basketball, and cycling. Sport here emerges as a privileged site for the discussion of the nature of contemporary nationhood, as well as for the performance of France’s postcolonial heritage. Simultaneously, sport provides a platform for the playing out of concerns over globalisation, and, in a time of post-industrial uncertainty, for nostalgic reminiscences of an apocryphal bygone era of social cohesion. The exploration of these themes leads to new understandings of the ways sport influences and is implicated in broader social and cultural concerns in France today.
Football’s Françafrique
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

As television revenues boosted the financial rewards to clubs and players since the mid-1980s, European football has become one of the very few routes for (a very small minority of) young Africans to access previously unimaginable wealth. Linguistic affinities and pre-existing networks have facilitated the flow of African talent to France in a process accelerated by the plethora of ‘academies’ set up in Africa. Whilst abiding representations of immigration in French sport focus on the glorious achievements of star sportspeople, and on the communal and national pride generated by their accomplishments, a growing body of literature concentrates on the disappointment, failure and exploitation of sporting migrants. This chapter demonstrates how ‘la Françafrique’, the asymmetrical nature of exchanges that characterises France’s neo-colonial relationship with its former colonies in Africa, functions in a sporting context. The role of certain French institutions and individuals in African football is demonstrated to be a factor in the ‘extraterritorialisation’ of African football. The contemporary directions and forms of sports-related migration are also shown to inflect a series of ‘psychodramas’ that have afflicted French football in recent times.
Made in France
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

This chapter considers a selection of the key touchstones for nostalgic reminiscence in French sport, including the Tour de France cycle race and Saint-Étienne football club, and analyses what these reveal in regards to public memories of, and hopes for, sport and society generally. In this analysis, the ‘legends’ and ‘epics’ of France’s sporting past are frequently set against a backdrop of a utopian era of industrial triumph and working-class solidarity, distinct from the globalized information age of today. Nostalgia for this era, and its associated champions, values and aesthetics are increasingly being mobilised to promote sporting events and sell sportswear today.
Plutocrats, Paranoia, Platoche
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

The Qatar Investment Authority, the sovereign wealth fund of the Persian Gulf Emirate, has chosen Paris as the primary sporting destination for its oil-generated wealth, purchasing the Paris Saint-Germain football club and Paris Handball through Qatar Sports Investment (QSI). QSI’s general director is also in charge of Al-Jazeera Sport, which, through the subscription channel beIN SPORT, presently holds broadcasting rights to the French football league. In this fashion, Qatari investors make use of their association with the Paris ‘brand’ – the city’s international reputation as the ‘city of light’ and its related cultural capital – to project a positive image of Qatar globally. This wielding of ‘soft power’ ultimately serves to legitimise Qatari investment in non-sporting domains and appropriates elements of France’s sporting landscape to further its geopolitical aims.
Conclusion
Authors: Kilcline Cathal
Published: May 2020

In France, conflicts over nationhood in a globalised world are refracted through competing visions and models of the role of sport in society. The first model holds that sport has intrinsic virtuous qualities and acts as a space for the development and performance of Republican values. This model contends that the sport should be organised by and for the people through the democratic institutions of the State. The second vision recognises sport as primarily a form of entertainment for the masses, dictated by television corporations and media outlets, with sports stars constructed primarily to further commercial imperatives. In the back-and-forth between these rival visions, a range of issues are played out in the sporting sphere, from France’s postcolonial heritage to its post-industrial future, through concerns over Americanisation, corporatisation, immigration and commemoration.
The USA and Ireland before 1968
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

The first chapter examines the historical relationship between the United States and Northern Ireland, offering an overview of Irish-American relations throughout the 20th century with a particular focus on the period after the partition of Ireland. It looks at early US investment in Northern Ireland, an issue which would come to have great significance in later years. It also considers the role that US Presidents had in Ireland and Northern Ireland prior to the outbreak of the Northern Ireland conflict, and establishes the broader context to JFK’s famous 1963 visit to Ireland.
The Bush Administration and Northern Ireland as a Local Political Issue
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

The British government welcomed Vice President George HW Bush’s election in 1988 and, predictably, his policy towards Northern Ireland remained consistent throughout his single term in office. In local politics, however, much was made of the situation in Northern Ireland, most notable in the office of the Mayor of New York City. There, Ed Koch and David Dinkins both took an interest in Northern Ireland with the latter heavily involved in the campaign to extradite Joe Doherty, an IRA member who had been convicted of killing a British Army officer, from New York to Northern Ireland. The Doherty case had led to the signing of a new extradition agreement between the US and UK but still Doherty resisted his removal. The chapter also examines the 1992 Presidential Election with particular focus on the Democratic Primary campaign which saw former Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton’s interest in Northern Ireland develop over a series of weeks and months before he pledged to involve the US Government, if elected, in ways never before seen.
Bill Clinton and the Path to Good Friday
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

Clinton’s election in 1992 brought a Democrat back to the White House. Clinton had pledged to involve the United States in the Northern Ireland peace process more significantly than any previous administration, and immediately set about exploring issues such as a visitor's visa for Sinn Fein leader Gerry Adams and the creation of a Special Envoy to Northern Ireland, duly following through on both pledges despite resistance from Ulster unionists. This chapter utilizes a range of state and personal papers to examine the ways in which Clinton was engaged and advised by a small group of Irish-American supporters, led by a former college friend and former Congressman, Bruce Morrison. The chapter also examines the three visits that Clinton made to Northern Ireland, focusing on his historic 1995 visit. In particular, the chapter considers the role of the US government in the achievement of the 1998 Good Friday Agreement and the associated paramilitary ceasefires that preceded it.
George W. Bush, Barack Obama, and Post-Conflict Northern Ireland
Authors: Sanders Andrew
Published: May 2020

After Clinton’s second term in office ended, President George W Bush moved the Special Envoy to Northern Ireland to the State Department, but his Envoys, led by Richard Haass and Mitchell Reiss, were no less engaged in Northern Irish affairs as the political figures there sought to create a functional government at Stormont Parliament Buildings. A series of significant obstacles emerged, but the Northern Ireland Assembly finally formed in 2007 before Bush left office. He was succeeded by President Barack Obama who had little interest in Northern Ireland but Obama’s initial Secretary of State, former Senator Hillary Clinton, was well-versed in Northern Irish issues. This chapter also examines the role of Northern Ireland in the 2008 Democratic Primary contest and, to a lesser extent, the 2008 Presidential Election.
Wordsworthian Love
Authors: Reno Seth T.
Published: May 2020

This chapter establishes the seminal foundation of Romantic intellectual love in the early poetry of William Wordsworth. I take as a starting point Wordsworth’s emphasis on ‘intellectual love’ as well as his claim that ‘Love of Nature lead[s] to love of Mankind’, arguing that he develops a kind of critical-ecological thinking that leads to a love that ‘rolls through all things’. In particular, I trace the influence of Erasmus Darwin on the evolution of Wordsworth’s theory of love, revealing that the ideological illusion often attributed to Wordsworth’s love of nature has more to do with science than transcendent idealism. Together, Darwin and Wordsworth construct an incipient form of what we now call affective neuroscience with intellectual love at its core. Although there are instances in his writing where Wordsworth turns to sentimentalism, self-love, or idealism, I demonstrate how the interconnectedness of the natural world provides Wordsworth with an aesthetic model for envisioning intellectual love.
John Clare and Ecological Love
Authors: Reno Seth T.
Published: May 2020

This chapter traces Clare’s development of a more fully ecological love in contradistinction to the poetry of Wordsworth. Clare often appears more Wordsworthian than Wordsworth himself, and he follows the trail of ecological thought and its companion love to their necessary conclusions: the erasure of human subjectivity. While Wordsworth insists on the necessity of subjectivity, Clare shows that love of nature eclipses the human self through detail-oriented, ecocentric poems in which subjectivity vanishes. I focus specifically on Clare’s poetry of the middle and later periods, with an emphasis on his sonnets, manuscript fragments, and shorter lyrics. These works offer formal embodiments of the affective movement that informs ecological love in Clare’s work, and they shed new light on the continuities between the middle and later periods, which often draw a stark division in the study of Clare. By attending closely to Clare’s ecological love across his range of work, we can begin not only to recover the philosophical, political, and formal elements of intellectual love in Clare’s writing, but also to rethink the Romantics’ love of nature as a deeply material, ecological enterprise.
Felicia Hemans and the Affections
Authors: Reno Seth T.
Published: May 2020

Chapter four analyzes Hemans’s emphasis on love, gender, and ‘the affections’ throughout her career. The chapter begins by outlining the discourses of ‘the affections’ in eighteenth-century moral philosophy, showing how Hemans engages those discourses through her concurrent embrace and critique of the Romantic models of affect and emotion developed by Wordsworth and Shelley. Hemans moves from a hesitant embrace and celebration of earthly, domestic, and Christian love in her early poetry to a more radical, Romantic acknowledgement of an otherworldly, idealizing love in her later work. Yet unlike the poetry of Wordsworth, Shelley, and Clare, Hemans’s treatment of intellectual love is dominated by loss and melancholy. Her particular treatment of love and the affections sheds new light on the importance of gender in Romantic-era theories of affect. In contrast to her male counterparts, Hemans remains deeply skeptical about the social and political potentials of intellectual love. As she carries on the Romantic poetic tradition throughout the 1820s, Hemans serves as a catalyst for Victorian responses to intellectual love, to which I turn in the final chapter of the book.
Migration and Refuge
Authors: Walsh John Patrick
Published: May 2020

This book argues that contemporary Haitian literature historicizes the political and environmental problems brought to the surface by the 2010 earthquake by building on texts of earlier generations, notably at the end of the Duvalier era and its aftermath. Haitian writers have made profound contributions to debates about the converging paths of political crises and natural catastrophes, yet their writings on the legacies of colonialism, imperialism, and neoliberalism are often neglected in heated debates about environmental futures. The earthquake only exacerbated this contradiction. Despite the fact that Haitian authors have long treated the connections between political violence, social and economic precariousness, and ecological degradation, in media coverage around the world, the earthquake would have suddenly exposed scandalous conditions on the ground in Haiti. Informed by Haitian studies and models of postcolonial ecocriticism, the book conceives of literature as an “eco-archive,” or a body of texts that depicts ecological change over time and its impact on social and environmental justice. Focusing equally on established and less well-known authors, this study contends that the eco-archive challenges future-oriented, universalizing narratives of the Anthropocene and the global refugee crisis with portrayals of different forms and paths of migration and refuge within Haiti and around the Americas.
Introduction
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

So as one may be a tyrant by the entrie and getting of the rule and a king in the administration thereof. As a man may thinke of Octavius and peradventure of Sylla. For they both comming by tyranny and violence to the rule did seeme to travaile verie much for the better ordering of the common wealth, although each after a diverse maner. Another may be a king by the entrie, and a tyrant by the administration, as ...
Sovereignty, counsel, and consent in Scotland
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

Prefaced with a discussion of the crucial importance of sage counsel in mitigating the debilitating effects of absolutist sovereignty in political theory, political practice and political drama, the second chapter looks at David Lyndsay’s Ane Satyre as a departure from the standard pattern of Tudor moralities. It offers a reading of Ane Satyre as a play which attempts to counsel the counsellors of the monarch in political matters and tries to bring about social, political, economic, and religious reform, by exerting its influence on the convention of the three estates rather than the person of the monarch, thereby locating legislative and executive power in that representative body instead of the person of the sovereign.
Gorboduc
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

Taking up the discussion of the influence of Scottish political events on English drama, this chapter focuses on a play traditionally seen to be a dramatic commentary on the succession anxiety surrounding Mary Stuart’s presence in England. However, this chapter attempts to move beyond topical political references, in order to analyze Gorboduc as the transitional play that not only broaches the issue of usurpation for the first time on the English stage, but also depicts regicide at the hands of rebelling subjects, all the while making oblique but identifiable references to the threat of usurpation emanating from Scotland. The overlap between monarchical absolutism and tyranny underpins the action in this play. Invoking Ernst Kantorowicz’s theorization of the ‘king’s two bodies’ and Carl Schmitt’s theory of sovereignty as a critical framework, this chapter examines the way in which the play problematizes the relation of sovereign power to the person of the bearer, and thus problematizes the notion of monarchical absolutism itself.
Epilogue
Authors: Majumder Doyeeta
Published: May 2020

The book concludes with a brief discussion of Shakespeare’s second historical tetralogy: the one short-lived moment on the English stage which fully realizes the potential of the idea of a man-made etiology of politics through the figure of the ‘new prince’ who successfully establishes a new political order and a new dynasty. With particular focus on Richard II, I argue that even though Shakespeare, in the figure of Henry Bolingbroke, holds up for scrutiny what appears to be an exception to the usurper-tyrant overlap, by extending the central thesis of this book to this group of texts it can be shown that far from being an anomaly, in fact the operation of poiesis in political life is permitted legitimate theatrical expression in Shakespeare’s second tetralogy. A fuller analysis of this moment could be a potential subject for further research along the line of enquiry opened up in this book.
Contacts, Collisions and Relationships
Authors: Ruz Andrés Baeza
Published: May 2020

This is a study on the relations between Britain and Chile during the Spanish American independence era (1806–1831). These relations were characterised by a dynamic, unpredictable and changing nature, being imperialism only one and not the exclusive way to define them. The book explores how Britons and Chileans perceived each other from the perspective of cultural history, considering the consequences of these ‘cultural encounters’ for the subsequent nation–state building process in Chile. From 1806 to 1831 both British and Chilean ‘state’ and ‘non–state’ actors interacted across several different ‘contact zones’, and thereby configured this relationship in multiple ways. Although the extensive presence of ‘non–state’ actors (missionaries, seamen, educators and merchants) was a manifestation of the ‘expansion’ of British interests to Chile, they were not necessarily an expression of any British imperial policy. There were multiple attitudes, perceptions, representations and discourses by Chileans on the role played by Britain in the world, which changed depending on the circumstances. Likewise, for Britons, Chile was represented in multiple ways, being the image of Chile as a pathway to other markets and destinations the most remarkable. All these had repercussions in the early nation–building process in Chile.
Introduction
Authors: Blatt Ari J. , Welch Edward
Published: May 2020

This chapter serves as a general introduction to the essays to follow.
Angels of History
Authors: Welch Edward
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the relationship between modernisation, space and photography in contemporary France, and the privileged role acquired by photography as a means of portraying a sense of national identity through spatial forms. It focuses in particular on Paysages Photographies (1989), the substantial photo-book which emerged out of the work of the Mission photographique de la DATAR between 1983 and 1988. The Mission photographique was commissioned in the early 1980s by the government’s spatial planning agency, the DATAR (Délégation à l’aménagement du territoire et à l’action régionale), which had been founded in 1963 to drive forward the modernisation of French territory. Its aim was to record the consequences of two decades of spatial transformation and production in France, and by implication marking the end of a triumphant phase of activity. The chapter considers how Paysages Photographies frames and presents the spatial transformations brought about by modernisation; how it captures the impact of spatial planning on the French landscape; and the visual forms taken by planned and modernised space. It explores how different photographers responded to the environments they encountered and, like Walter Benjamin’s angel of history, create an ambivalent sense of spatial transformation as both historical wreckage and half-realised dream.
Depth of Field
Authors: Levine Alison J. Murray
Published: May 2020

This chapter investigates the field of contemporary French documentary as a source for cultural representations of farmland and farm life, a segment of the national territory that has undergone profound change in the past half-century. Farmland, which represents over half of the surface area of metropolitan France, provides employment to an ever-smaller percentage of the population. The amount of land needed to make a living continues to grow, and farms are increasingly run by corporations rather than by people who live and work on the same property. Since 2000, a significant number of French documentaries have explored to the changes wrought to the landscape and to farm life by the agricultural industrialisation of the previous half-century. By reading across a broad collection of recent documentaries on farming, this chapter reveals the contours of a broader conversation about the emergence of, and need for, new forms of reconnection between the inhabitants of rural and urban France. The contours of this conversation emerge both in the documentary forms and practices in the films as well as new forms of interaction between films and their audiences.
Girlhood Luminosities and Topographical Politics
Authors: Handyside Fiona
Published: May 2020

France has recently produced a series of films by female auteurs that offer a close and sympathetic engagement with girls. This chapter concentrates on two films whose titles draw attention to their interest in the feelings and experiences of girlhood: 17 Filles (Delphine and Muriel Coulin, 2011) and Bande de filles (Céline Sciamma, 2014). The directors, through location shooting, their local geographical knowledge, and non-professional actors drawn from the area where the films are set, place their explorations of girlhood into highly specific locations. Such geographical specificity produces and evaluates a distinctive approach towards girls and girl culture, which is usually understood in a more homogenous way. Furthermore, this close attention to geography produces a topographical account of girlhood in which verticality and horizontality, and light and shade, shape varied and distinctive experiences of power and agency for girls.
Picturing a Nation of Local Places in the Observatoire photographique du paysage and France(s) territoire liquide
Authors: Blatt Ari J.
Published: May 2020

The history of French photography has been marked by the preponderance of photographic ‘missions’, whereby a collective of artists charged with documenting the nation’s shared common spaces traverse the territory with cameras in tow. From the Mission héliographique (1851) to the Mission photographique de la DATAR (1983-89), these projects have much to tell us about the place that landscape occupies in the national imaginary. This chapter surveys two of the most recent and most compelling photographic missions that set out to render the contours of the nation intelligible. While the Observatoire photographique du paysage, inaugurated in 1991, mobilizes a rigorously implemented procedure of rephotography to sensitize the public to the evolution of the French landscape, the group of photographers united since 2011 under the moniker France(s) territoire liquide has produced a decidedly more personal and subjective view of a territory in flux. Though they differ greatly in the way they envision space, this chapter suggests that both groups privilege the lesser seen, the interstitial, and the vernacular to provide a nuanced vision of France that challenges the most dominant conceptions and clichés—in the rhetorical and graphic sense of the word—of the nation as a whole.
Introduction
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

This introduction begins with a detailed overview of what has been called the ‘return to the story’ in contemporary French literature. This overview pays particular attention to how this ‘discourse of return’ defines the boundaries of an era (the contemporary), of a cultural or linguistic space (French), and of an aesthetic territory (the literary). Examining contentious postmodernist and declinological accounts of the contemporary, I then offer an overview of some of the ways that popular literary forms have been politicized or could be productively repoliticized in the period that we have called the contemporary. After a short discussion of Jean Echenoz’s The Greenwich Meridian (1979), which problematizes the borders of the conceptual constitution of the contemporary as a literary period, I discuss the methodology and corpus of Beyond Return, with a particular emphasis on how this book reads the politics of popular story forms. In addition to providing an overview of the chapters on Jean Rouaud, Jean-Patrick Manchette, Jean Echenoz, and Antoine Volodine, this introduction thus makes a case for revising and rethinking the literary historical metaphor of return.
Apocalypse and Post-History (Antoine Volodine)
Authors: Hollister Lucas
Published: May 2020

This chapter examines the work of Antoine Volodine, which represents one of the most radical attempts to situate a literary project outside of any inscription in literary history, national or linguistic belonging, and authorial ownership. The chapter begins with a close reading of the historical, political, and aesthetic rhetoric of Volodine’s dystopian ‘romånce’ View of the Boneyard (1998). This analysis provides a precise textual reference to ground a broader reflection on the strategies of encryption and deployment of temporal paradoxes in Volodine’s invented aesthetic movement, ‘post-exoticism.’ The conclusion of this chapter argues that Volodine’s work represents less a post-formalist repoliticization of literature than an expression of radical intransitivity, a concept that has become synonymous with formalist excess, with that mid-century French theory that the ‘return to the story’ was supposed to supplant, but which I read as a direct challenge to reductive literary histories and cultural geographies. I thus argue that Volodine is a writer who uses the dreamscapes of dystopian political fiction to perform paradoxes and explore a radically open conception of literary voice and meaning.
‘Equality of Opportunity for all Children’
Authors: Altink Henrice
Published: May 2020

This chapter assess how easy it was for dark-skinned Jamaica children to get into a prestigious secondary school having to overcome such hurdles as entry examinations and oral interviews. By drawing, amongst others, on school magazines and memoirs, it will also explore how race and colour shaped the experiences of the children that succeeded in gaining access to an elite secondary school, ranging from the relations with their teachers and peers to the curriculum they were taught. In addition, it will point to the ways in which lower-class African Jamaicans helped to uphold the class-colour hierarchy, showing that many lower-class parents valued the elite secondary schools over other types of secondary education, often making huge sacrifices to get their children accepted.
Race in Everyday Life
Authors: Altink Henrice
Published: May 2020

This chapter explores the power of race and colour in everyday life. Relying heavily on contemporary anthropological and sociological studies, it first of all explores the socialisation of Jamaican children into the meanings of race and the rule not to talk about race. It then moves on to assess how as grown-ups, they navigated race and colour in the private sphere of the home and in hotels, churches and other semi-private spheres. And finally, through an examination of several racial incidents – events that sparked an island-wide discussion about race – , it explores how those socialised into the rule not to talk about race, talked about race. In doing so, the chapter conveys the coexistence of colour consciousness and colour blindness.
Commitment to Colour-Blindness
Authors: Altink Henrice
Published: May 2020

This chapter zooms in on colour blindness. Focussing on the racial domains of politics and criminal justice, it explores the correlation between race and colour and the enjoyment of civil and political rights. It argues that it was not just government inaction but also a lack of collective action from race-first and other groups why dark-skinned Jamaicans struggled more than others to exercise their civil and political rights. But while successive governments lacked the commitment to create a society where all Jamaicans irrespective of race and colour could enjoy their ‘fundamental rights’, they did their best to present Jamaica as a colour-blind nation. This chapter will also explore the purposes of this myth of racial harmony that was developed after the Second World War.
Introduction
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

The starting point for the book is a series of metaphors used by Barthes at a round table discussion on Proust in 1972. He suggests, for example, that À la recherche is comparable to Beethoven’s Diabelli Variations insofar as it is made of ‘variations without a theme’, and he observes that a novel constructed in this way requires readers and critics to ‘rewrite’ and to ‘operate variations’ on the literary work rather than to interpret it. By unpacking these (and other) figures and connecting them to others that appear in Barthes’s (and Proust’s) writing, the remaining chapters of the book provide answers to the following questions: Are the variations in Proust’s novel indeed themeless? What is it that makes Proust’s writing, for Barthes or generally, both endlessly seductive, productive and unamenable to more conventional, hermeneutical forms of criticism? What does Barthes do with À la recherche, and how, in his approach, is Barthes different from other critics who have written about Proust? What possibilities do Barthes’s Proust variations open up for the future of criticism more generally?
Objects
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

Chapter One engages with Barthes’s discussion of a classical distance from worldly objects and of a modern – nouveau roman-esque – chosisme (which is predicated, Barthes says, upon a certain proximity between people and things) in order to bring the landscapes of Proust’s novel into relief. The chapter also reads Barthes’s paradoxical integration of Proustian elements within his own writing on the nouveau roman as a reflection – a rewriting – of the liminal (the simultaneously classical and modern) texture of À la recherche itself.
Neutral, Nuance
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

Chapter Four explores Barthes’s work on Proust in (or across) three late texts (Comment vivre ensemble, ‘“Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure”’ and La Préparation du
roman I et II) in order to show that the rhapsodic fabric of À la recherche is such that it outplays the very oppositions it is used (by Barthes) to build and to articulate: it is ‘neutral’ in this sense. Furthermore, this chapter argues that Barthes’s work on Proust’s paradigm-baffling work constitutes an intensely personal and convoluted space of vivid differences and variations, and that it is in this radical variety that the neutrality of Barthes’s writing is to be found. It shows for the first time that several passages in Le Discours amoureux and Fragments d’un discours amoureux can be read as rewritings – as intertextual nuancings and tintings – not only of specific passages in Proust’s novel, but also of Barthes’s Rabat seminar notes on them.
Afterword
Authors: Baldwin Thomas
Published: May 2020

In order to describe the significance of Barthes’s Proust variations in the context of a society of the spectacle and in relation to the activities of civic-minded Proust critics, the Conclusion reads Barthes’s work on Proust in the light of Georges Didi-Huberman’s Survivance des lucioles. While Proust’s novel is uniquely indispensable and seductive to Barthes, the significance of the intermittent, firefly-like shimmers and flickers of his writing is also far-reaching: they shield À la recherche not only from the interpretative habits and strong-arm themes of the ‘Proustian’, but also from the stultifying influence of a still burgeoning field of ‘Proustiana’ that interposes layers of material between the novel and its (potential) readers, offering them little more than lifeless trophies. In doing these things, the Conclusion argues, Barthes on Proust beckons criticism towards a future that is creative inasmuch as it is gently luminous and productively unsteady in its intermittence and inconsistent variation.