bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Allelic Ratios and the Mutational Landscape Reveal Biologically Significant Heterozygous SNVs
Authors: Chu Jeffrey S-C , Johnsen Robert C , Chua Shu Yi , Tu Domena , Dennison Mark , Marra Marco , Jones Steven J M , Baillie David L , Rose Ann M
Published: January 2012

The issue of heterozygosity continues to be a challenge in the analysis of genome sequences. In this article, we describe the use of allele ratios to distinguish biologically significant single-nucleotide variants from background noise. An application of this approach is the identification of lethal mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans essential genes, which must be maintained by the presence of a wild-type allele on a balancer. The h448 allele of let-504 is rescued by the duplication balancer sDp2. We readily identified the extent of the duplication when the percentage of read support for the lesion was between 70 and 80%. Examination of the EMS-induced changes throughout the genome revealed that these mutations exist in contiguous blocks. During early embryonic division in self-fertilizing C. elegans, alkylated guanines pair with thymines. As a result, EMS-induced changes become fixed as either G→A or C→T changes along the length of the chromosome. Thus, examination of the distribution of EMS-induced changes revealed the mutational and recombinational history of the chromosome, even generations later. We identified the mutational change responsible for the h448 mutation and sequenced PCR products for an additional four alleles, correlating let-504 with the DNA-coding region for an ortholog of a NFκB-activating protein, NKAP. Our results confirm that whole-genome sequencing is an efficient and inexpensive way of identifying nucleotide alterations responsible for lethal phenotypes and can be applied on a large scale to identify the molecular basis of essential genes.
The Abundance of Deleterious Polymorphisms in Humans
Authors: Subramanian Sankar
Published: January 2012

Here I show a gradual decline in the proportion of deleterious nonsynonymous SNPs (nSNPs) from tip to root of the human population tree. This study reveals that up to 48% of nSNPs specific to a single genome are deleterious in nature, which underscores the abundance of deleterious polymorphisms in humans.
High-Resolution Genome-Wide Analysis of Irradiated (UV and γ-Rays) Diploid Yeast Cells Reveals a High Frequency of Genomic Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH) Events
Authors: St. Charles Jordan , Hazkani-Covo Einat , Yin Yi , Andersen Sabrina L , Dietrich Fred S , Greenwell Patricia W , Malc Ewa , Mieczkowski Piotr , Petes Thomas D
Published: January 2012

In diploid eukaryotes, repair of double-stranded DNA breaks by homologous recombination often leads to loss of heterozygosity (LOH). Most previous studies of mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae have focused on a single chromosome or a single region of one chromosome at which LOH events can be selected. In this study, we used two techniques (single-nucleotide polymorphism microarrays and high-throughput DNA sequencing) to examine genome-wide LOH in a diploid yeast strain at a resolution averaging 1 kb. We examined both selected LOH events on chromosome V and unselected events throughout the genome in untreated cells and in cells treated with either γ-radiation or ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Our analysis shows the following: (1) spontaneous and damage-induced mitotic gene conversion tracts are more than three times larger than meiotic conversion tracts, and conversion tracts associated with crossovers are usually longer and more complex than those unassociated with crossovers; (2) most of the crossovers and conversions reflect the repair of two sister chromatids broken at the same position; and (3) both UV and γ-radiation efficiently induce LOH at doses of radiation that cause no significant loss of viability. Using high-throughput DNA sequencing, we also detected new mutations induced by γ-rays and UV. To our knowledge, our study represents the first high-resolution genome-wide analysis of DNA damage-induced LOH events performed in any eukaryote.
Characterization of ypa1 and ypa2, the Schizosaccharomyces pombe Orthologs of the Peptidyl Proyl Isomerases That Activate PP2A, Reveals a Role for Ypa2p in the Regulation of Cytokinesis
Authors: Goyal Anupama , Simanis Viesturs
Published: January 2012

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe septation initiation network (SIN) regulates cytokinesis. Cdc7p is the first kinase in the core SIN; we have screened genetically for SIN regulators by isolating cold-sensitive suppressors of cdc7-24. Our screen yielded a mutant in SPAC1782.05, one of the two fission yeast orthologs of mammalian phosphotyrosyl phosphatase activator. We have characterized this gene and its ortholog SPAC4F10.04, which we have named ypa2 and ypa1, respectively. We find that Ypa2p is the major form of protein phosphatase type 2A activator in S. pombe. A double ypa1–Δ ypa2–Δ null mutant is inviable, indicating that the two gene products have at least one essential overlapping function. Individually, the ypa1 and ypa2 genes are essential for survival only at low temperatures. The ypa2–Δ mutant divides at a reduced cell size and displays aberrant cell morphology and cytokinesis. Genetic analysis implicates Ypa2p as an inhibitor of the septation initiation network. We also isolated a cold-sensitive allele of ppa2, the major protein phosphatase type 2A catalytic subunit, implicating this enzyme as a regulator of the septation initiation network.
Repair of the Cocaine-Induced Cleft Palate Using the Modified Double-Opposing Z-Plasty
Authors: Teng Edward , Steinbacher Derek M.
Published: January 2012

Cocaine is a potent vasoconstrictor, and long-standing use can result in an acquired palatal cleft. Similar to congenital cases, this palatal defect can cause nasal emission and hypernasal speech. The goals of palate repair include optimizing palatal function for speech and feeding while avoiding dehiscence or postoperative fistulae. The modified double-opposing Z-plasty is an effective technique for cleft palate repair. We describe the first reported case using this technique to repair a palatal defect resulting from chronic cocaine use. Recommended requirements for using this technique include absence of future or ongoing ischemic insults to the tissue (cocaine abstinence) for at least 1 year, an intact vascular pedicle demonstrated by greater palatine dimples, presence of sufficient vascularized soft tissue with preserved pharyngeal arches, small to medium defect sizes within 10 cm2, and extensive flap mobilization with tension-free closure. The advantages of this technique include preservation and reorientation of functional muscle, single-stage repair, and obviated requirement for distant donor sites.
Amended Construction Act introduces new payment rules
Authors: Teichmann Kim
Published: January 2012

Amendments to the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 came into force in October 2011, affecting all UK construction contracts. Kim Teichmann of law firm Thomas Eggar explains what the new rules mean for civil engineers, particularly with regard to payment.
Delivering London 2012: the Lee Valley White Water Centre
Authors: Naish Colin , Dungworth Damien , Doyle Tom
Published: January 2012

The new Lee Valley White Water Centre is the host venue for the London 2012 Olympic Games canoe and kayak slalom events. The £32 million facility was completed in December 2010, 18 months before the games, and is now open to the public. This paper explains how computational and physical hydraulic modelling validated the design and successfully mitigated design risk. Moveable obstacles were used within a fixed channel geometry to create flow constriction points and fine-tune white-water features, while the addition of a separate channel and highly efficient pumping system helps to minimise energy demand while achieving a world-class white-water course.
Presidential address: Harnessing energy
Authors: Coackley Richard
Published: January 2012

This is the inaugural address of Richard Coackley, who became the 147th president of the Institution of Civil Engineers on 1 November 2011.
Research enables UK roads safely to cut down on salt
Authors: Plumb Christopher , Jordan Richard
Published: January 2012

Keeping England's trunk roads open during the last two severe winters was especially challenging, putting salt stocks under significant pressure. This paper explains how the UK Highways Agency has improved its winter service without compromising safety with a new fleet of pre-wet spreaders and much lower salt spread rates, arrived at through robust international research. The savings of around 30% mean there is now sufficient salt to treat roads in the most severe weather, thereby minimising congestion due to ice and snow. Further development of the initial research has been carried out to bring similar benefits to local highway authorities.
Computer analysis models: the growing risk of over-reliance
Authors: Borthwick Alistair , Carpenter John , Clarke Barry , Falconer Roger , Wicks Jon
Published: January 2012

Civil engineers are increasingly dependent on sophisticated computer models for their design analysis. Alistair Borthwick, John Carpenter, Barry Clarke, Roger Falconer and Jon Wicks summarise a recent Institution of Civil Engineers event on the topic, which warned of the growing risk of over-reliance on model outputs.
Blast loading of fibre-metal laminates: preliminary tests
Authors: Langdon Genevieve Sarah , Rowe Laura Anne
Published: January 2012

This paper reports on the results of blast tests on plain glass-fibre-reinforced polypropylene (GFPP) panels and fibre-metal laminate (FML) panels comprising steel sheets and layers of GFPP. The blast-loaded composite panels exhibited fibre fracture and pull-through modes of failure. The adhesion at the steel–composite interface in the FMLs was investigated using three-point bending and it was shown that a single heating/pressing operation had better performance than the two-stage methods and those involving a third-party adhesive. The blast-loaded FML panels exhibited large inelastic deformation and debonding failure of the steel–composite interfaces. These were similar to those exhibited by blast-loaded FMLs manufactured with the same composite material but with aluminium alloy sheets. Non-dimensional analysis of the FML panels showed that non-dimensional displacements were lower than the equivalent aluminium-based FMLs but were approximately 20% higher than monolithic steel.
Numerical continuation of bistable composite cylindrical shells
Authors: Pirrera Alberto , Avitabile Daniele , Weaver Paul M.
Published: January 2012

Multi-stability of thin composite structures has shown potential for morphing applications. This paper, focusing on the bistability of composite cylindrical shells, aims to gather the analytical understanding to design bistability into shells and to define and study the parameters constraining their design envelope. A classic Rayleigh–Ritz method is used in conjunction with recently developed shell models taking into account curvature effects. A path-following method is used to solve the resulting non-linear set of equilibrium equations and to explore the design space. The method, which allows the capture of multiple stable and unstable equilibrium configurations, is benchmarked against finite-element computations.
Index and strength properties of clay–gravel mixtures
Authors: Kyambadde Benjamin S. , Stone Kevin J. L.
Published: January 2012

This paper reports the results of fall-cone tests and quasi-static cone penetration tests undertaken on mixtures of fine gravel and highly plastic clay. The influence of the gravel on the plasticity of the mixture is quantified through the derivation of liquid and plastic limits obtained by direct testing of the mixture. The plastic limit used in this study is defined as the moisture content corresponding to a hundredfold increase in the liquid limit undrained strength, and is denoted by PL100. Liquid limits were determined from conventional fall-cone tests. The range of plasticity of the mixture is defined through the plasticity index, derived from the fall-cone liquid limit and the PL100 index. The study demonstrates that the plasticity of mixtures of fine- and coarse-grained soil can be quantified without the requirement to remove the coarser fraction. The influence of the coarse fraction on both the undrained shear strength and the index properties was observed to be significant for gravel volume fractions greater than about 50%. This gravel volume fraction is associated with the maximum void ratio of the gravel, which suggests that interaction between the gravel particles at high gravel contents results in a frictional contribution to the mixture behaviour.
The water retention properties of a natural unsaturated loess from northern France
Authors: MUñOZ-CASTELBLANCO J.A. , PEREIRA J.M. , DELAGE P. , CUI Y.J.
Published: January 2012

The water retention properties of a natural loess from northern France were investigated on intact block samples that were excavated along a high-speed train line (TGV) that experienced stability problems during heavy rain episodes. Suction measurements were made by using the filter paper method and an in-house constructed high-capacity tensiometer (HCT) so as to determine the water retention curve of the loess. The results showed that an alternative approach using a previously wetted filter paper could fruitfully be used with suction values reasonably compatible with the HCT measurements. The water retention curve obtained exhibited a peculiar form, with no hysteresis observed around the natural water content (14·4%) and two hysteresis loops on both the wet and dry sides of the curve. It is hypothesised that this zone with no hysteresis corresponds to the natural variations of the water content under seasonal changes, providing a range of natural suction between 20 and 80 kPa, and it is suggested that this should be checked by in situ measurements. The loess microstructure was investigated by using scanning electron microscopy and mercury intrusion porosimetry. It appeared that the clay fraction (16%) was not uniformly distributed, with some areas composed of clean grains and a well-graded corresponding intergrain pore population. Conversely, the clay aggregations define a smaller-sized porosity. The calculation of a water retention curve derived from the pore size distribution curve showed that water retention is governed by capillarity in the largest pores between clean grains, whereas clay adsorption becomes dominant in the smallest pores, a zone where the microstructure is sensitive to change in water content.
Formation Evaluation Enhancement and Approach in High Overpressure and Deep Reservoir
Authors: Gibrata Muhammad A , Ali Arfan , Somerville Jim M
Published: January 2012

Formation evaluation in overpressured reservoirs is very challenging due to abnormally high pressures, relatively high reservoir temperatures, uncertainty in the determination of reservoir rock properties and in fluid types and contacts. Accurate determination of these parameters is a key in obtaining a reliable hydrocarbon volume assessment which would otherwise lead to an uncertainty of hydrocarbon accumulation in these reservoirs and subsequently impose a risk in developing such reservoirs.

In this paper, we present an integrated approach for improved formation evaluation in overpressured reservoir rocks. The data used in this paper comes from two gas fields in Eastern Baram delta provincewhich is a sandstone reservoir separated by a fault. The approach makes use of various types of data including petrophysical, geological, reservoir, extracted core samples, downhole logs, in-situ fluid sampling, spill points, and saturation height data which provide key pieces of information in the evaluation of these reservoirs.

One of the key conclusions is that the porosity and permeability of cores in overpressure reservoirs have better quality preservation compared to normal/under pressure reservoir intervals. Also a unique trend of QV vs porosity was seen for overpressure and normal/under pressure reservoir rocks. There is an uncertainty in fluid contacts determination in the studied fields. The formation pressure andlog data have been utilized to identify fluid contacts in a few reservoirs. However there are still some contacts which can not be identified where no water zones have been penetrated. In such reservoirs, free water levels are determined using gas/oil down to (G/ODT) and spill point data.
Planning and Well Design for Kuwait Oil Company’s first North Kuwait Jurassic Horizontal Well - Case History
Authors: Al-Saeedi M. J. , Al-Fayez F. A. , Al-Enezi D.. , Mahesh V. S. , Saxena A. K. , Chimirala V.. , Mckinnell D. C.
Published: January 2012

Recent drilling activities in the State of Kuwait have focused on the search for high quality oil from the Jurassic formations. The wells drilled to these prospects are very challenging because of HPHT conditions, presence of high levels H2S and CO2, and narrow pore/fracture pressure windows.

The targeted Jurassic formations are the Najmah-Sargelu and Middle Marrat, which are located belowthe Gotnia salt/anhydrite. These reservoirs consist of layered shales and limestones, which can be highly fractured. One of the main challenges in the effective development of these reservoirs is the ability of the wells to access a permeable interconnected vertical fracture network. Horizontal well profiles increase the probability of crossing multiple fractures or fracture swams, resulting in high productivity and reserve recovery per well.

A ‘Conceptual Project’ was set up with the objective to design the first horizontal well to be drilled through the Najmah reservoir, in the North Kuwait fields. The challenges included;the establishment of an optimum well trajectory, drilling through the mobile salt section of the Gotnia at well inclinations above 60º, planning a pilot hole in the reservoir section to facilitate positioning of the lateral, identifying suitable water base mud system to improve image log quality, planning a high DLS openhole sidetrack just below 10 3/4" casing shoe and introducing a casing string (just above lateral) to address borehole stability concerns.

To address these challenges a team based approach was established between operator and contractors, to develop the well design, detailed engineering and operational procedures. This paper will describe the methodology adopted during this well design process and the technical challenges faced and overcome.
Paving the Road for the First Hydraulic Fracturing in Tight Gas Reservoirs in Offshore Abu Dhabi
Authors: Alzarouni Asim , Ghedan Shawket G
Published: January 2012

The paper contributes to the ongoing efforts of Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) to improve gas production and supply in view of increasing demand and diminishing conventional gas reservoirs in the region. The conditions of unconventional gas reservoirs with potentially economical volumes of gas in Abu Dhabi are tight abrasive deep sand reservoirs at high temperature. Thus it inevitably tests the limit of both conventional thinking and technology.

Accurate prediction of well performance is a major challenge that arises during planning phase. The paper aims to simulate first hydraulic fracture in tight reservoirs of Abu Dhabi. The formation studied in this paper is characterized by quartizitic sandstone layers and variably colored shale and siltstones with thin layers of anhydrites from late Permian to carboniferous age and constitutes a reservoir rock at the lower permeability range less than 1 milli Darci.

When fractured, the expected well flow rates of the offshore deep gas wells could reach levels similar to production flow rates in tight gas reservoirs encountered elsewhere in the region. Flow is described as transient initially with high production rates and rapidly declining towards pseudo-steady production at lower but economical rates.

The unknown tectonics in a new area represents the higheset uncertainty. In fact hydraulic fracture is a test of the tectonics if all others factors are known. An earth model was built and tested based on data and core plug samples from two offset wells. The reservoir and core analysis indicated some contrast over the structure which may add complexity in different locations of same field but nevertheless it is possible to design selective treatment with good fracture containment and therefore acceptable simulation results. A strategy that is flexible at this stage is of highest value whereby concrete measurable steps are taken to confirm technology is implemented safely and efficiently in order to pave the road towards a clean energy resource in the future.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Adiponectin, and Proinflammatory Markers in Various Subtypes of Depression in Young Men
Authors: Su Sheng-Chiang , Sun Ming-Tsung , Wen Min-Jie , Lin Chin-Jung , Chen Yi-Chyan , Hung Yi-Jen
Published: January 2012

Objectives:

We aimed to investigate levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), adiponectin, and proinflammatory cytokines in various subtypes of depression in a cohort of young men.

Methods:

Sixty-two men 18–30 years of age were recruited for the study. Forty-two were newly diagnosed with depression according to DSM-IV criteria and were divided into three subtypes: reactive depression ( n = 13), major depression ( n = 18), and bipolar depression ( n = 10). Controls included 21 young men without significant clinical morbidity. Serum levels of BDNF, adiponectin, high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured.

Results:

Serum BDNF was significantly lower and TNF-α significantly higher than controls for all subtypes of depression. No statistically significant differences between subtypes were found for BDNF, adiponectin, hsCRP, TNF-α, or IL-6. Although established diagnosis of depression and level of TNF-α were found to independently affect BDNF level in depressed subjects, they executed inverse effects. No associations were found between BDNF and adiponectin, hsCRP, TNF-α, or IL-6 in any depressed subject, showing that decreased BDNF in depression is influenced by multiple factors and complex mechanisms, including environmental and genetic concerns. No influence of age on BDNF level was found in any depressive subtype.

Conclusions:

Our results lend support to the cytokine and neurotrophic hypotheses of depression by demonstrating significantly lower levels of BDNF in all subtypes of depression. The mechanism underlying this phenomenon is uncertain and assumed to be multifactorial. Development of novel antidepressant treatments will require a multidisciplinary approach.
When Breast Cancer Survivors Report Cognitive Problems at Work
Authors: Todd Briana L. , Feuerstein Erica L. , Feuerstein Michael
Published: January 2012

Objective:

Breast cancer survivors (BCS) who wish to stay actively employed following primary treatment of cancer may experience cognitive problems at work. Management of these cognitive problems may need to focus on associated symptoms. The current study determined whether fatigue and depressive symptoms, which can co-occur with one another, are independently and/or interactively related to cognitive limitations at work.

Method:

A cross-sectional study was conducted. BCS ( n = 133) and a non-cancer comparison group (NCCG; n = 122) completed measures of work-related cognitive limitations, fatigue, and depression.

Results:

Three years post primary treatment, BCS reported higher levels of fatigue ( p = 0.001), depressive symptoms ( p = 0.001), and work related cognitive limitations ( p = 0.001) than the NCCG. Fatigue and depressive symptoms were each independently associated with cognitive limitations in both those with and without a history of cancer.

Conclusions:

When BCS report problems with cognitive abilities at work along with fatigue and depressive symptoms, it is important to recognize that these symptoms can be independently related to cognitive limitations. This study also suggests that management of symptoms of fatigue and depression may benefit from different approaches when improvement in cognitive function at work is a desired outcome.
Shared Care between Specialized Psychiatric Services and Primary Care: The Experiences and Expectations of Consultant Psychiatrists in Ireland
Authors: Agyapong Vincent I. O. , Conway Catherine , Guerandel Allys
Published: January 2012

Background:

Internationally, there has been a growing interest in the pursuit of collaborative forms of care for patients with enduring mental health difficulties.

Objective:

The study aims to explore the views of consultant psychiatrists in Ireland on shared care between specialized psychiatric services and primary care for patients with mental health difficulties.

Method:

A self-administered questionnaire was designed and posted to 470 consultant psychiatrists who are members of the College of Psychiatry of Ireland. Stamped self-addressed envelopes were included for the return of completed questionnaires.

Results:

Overall, 213 questionnaires were returned, giving a response rate of 45%. Of the respondents, 194 (91%) reported that they would support a general policy on shared care between primary care and specialized psychiatric services for patients who are stable on their treatment. However, 181 (85%) reported that they foresaw difficulties for patients in implementing such a policy including: increased financial burden on some patients (141, 66%); some patients may lack confidence in GP care (100, 47%); primary care is not adequately resourced with allied health professionals to support provision of psychiatric care (128, 60%); primary care providers are not adequately trained to provide psychiatric care (111, 52%); and lack of adequate cooperation between primary care and specialized mental health services (96, 45%).

Conclusion:

The Irish government and the Colleges of General Practitioners and Psychiatrists in Ireland need to work together to remove the bottlenecks that hinder the active involvement of primary care in the management of patients with enduring mental health difficulties. Also, the health care systems need to be organized along a shared care model to facilitate effective collaboration between primary and specialized psychiatric services.
A Spirituality Teaching Program for Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Rickhi Badri , Moritz Sabine , Reesal Robin , Xu Tracy Jing , Paccagnan Patti , Urbanska Barbara , Liu Ming Fu , Ewing Helen , Toews John , Gordon James , Quan Hude
Published: January 2012

Objective:

This randomized controlled trial assessed the efficacy of a Spirituality Teaching Program to treat unipolar major depression.

Method:

A randomized controlled, assessor blinded trial design was used. A total of 84 individuals aged 18 years or older with unipolar major depression of mild to moderate severity were recruited in Calgary, Canada and randomized to two study arms: 1) Spirituality Teaching Program Group (8 week, home-based Spirituality Teaching Program); and 2) Waitlist Control Group (no intervention followed by Spirituality Teaching Program starting at week 9). Outcome measures (depression severity, response rate, remission rate) were assessed at baseline, 8, 16, and 24 weeks using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D).

Results:

The two trial groups were similar in their demographic and disease characteristics at baseline. At the 8-week point, the change in depression severity was significantly different between the two groups (change in HAM-D score: 8.5 for the Spirituality Group and 2.3 for the Waitlist Control Group, p < 0.001). The Spirituality Teaching Program Group had significantly higher response (36% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001) and remission rates (31% vs. 4.4%, p < 0.001) than the Waitlist Control Group. The benefits remained throughout the observation period for the Spirituality Teaching Program Group participants with response rates of 56.4% at 16 weeks and 58.9% at 24 weeks.

Conclusion:

The Spirituality Program significantly reduced depression severity and increased response and remission rates. This non-drug treatment program should be investigated further as a treatment option for depression.
Bloodless esophageal replacement in children with corrosive esophageal strictures: Report of two cases
Authors: Vucelic Dragica , Savic Nebojsa , Stojakov Dejan , Sabljak Predrag , Nenadic Brankica , Tomasevic Ljubica , Bjelovic Milos , Keramatollah Ebrahimi , Spica Bratislav , Velickovic Dejan , Sljukic Vladimir , Pesko Predrag
Published: January 2012

Background. Esophageal replacement is major procedure with high risk for
perioperative allogeneic blood transfusion (ABT), especially in pediatric
patients due to nutritive deficiency, anemia, small body weight and blood
volume. Autologous blood policy is particularly important in female children.
Methods. We present treatment strategy with the aim of avoiding ABT, that
have been applied in two female pediatric patients with caustic stricture of
thoracic esophagus. The patients were 7 and 8 years old, with body weight 34
and 23.5kg, respectively. Protocol was based on the stimulation of
haematopoetic system with erythropoietin, iron therapy and preoperative
autologous blood donation (PABD). In the first patient, with a history of
previous retrosternal bypass esophagocoloplasty and extraction of necrotic
colonic graft, delayed reconstruction - transhiatal subtotal esophagectomy
and gastric pull-up with cervical anastomosis were performed. In the second
patient, repeated ineffective dilatations of esophageal stricture were reason
for retrosternal left colon interposiotion and exclusion of native esophagus.
Results. No adverse events were attributed to preoperative blood donation
period. No allogenic blood products were used during perioperative period.
Both patients had uneventful postoperative course. Conclusion. In specialized
institutions for esophageal surgery, PABD with administration of
erythropoietin and iron therapy, enable bloodless esophageal replacement,
even in children.
Radical cystectomy and orthotopic ileal bladder substitution with serous lined extramural ureteral reimplantation: Report of 8 cases
Authors: Hadzi-Djokic Jovan , Basic Dragoslav , Petrovic Milan , Stamenkovic Vladimir , Djurasic Ljubomir , Pejcic Tomislav
Published: January 2012

Objectives: We review the functional and oncologic outcomes of radical
cystectomy and orthotopic ileal bladder substitution with serous lined
extramural ureteral reimplantation. Matherial and methods: From 1985 to 2009
a total of 125 male patients (mean age 62,5 years, range 37 to 74) underwent
orhotopic ileal bladder substitute at the urological Clinic in Belgrade. Of
these, 8 patients underwent modified technique with serous lined extramural
ureteral reimplantation. The median follow-up (available for 88 patients)
period was 30 (2 - 72) months. Results: Perioperative lethality was nil.
Modified operative technique was associated with low postoperative
complication rates and without ureteric implantation site stenosis, reflux or
deteriorization of renal function. All patients had satisfied day and night
continence rates. Conclusion: The serous-lined extramural ureteral
reimplantation is an attractive technique regarding its safety, versality and
functional outcome. It is especially favorable for reimplantation to ureters
of various calibers as well as dilated ureters.
Psoas major abscess by heroin addictive patients: A case report
Authors: Bumbasirevic Marko , Zagorac Slavisa , Lesic Aleksandar , Bumbasirevic Vesna , Djurasic Ljubomir
Published: January 2012

Drug abuse is related to many medical complications, which depend on the drug
type, dose injected, the method of delivery and site of injection. We report
a case of psoas abscess in young heroin addict, HIV negative, who was
admitted in Emergency Center of Clinical Center in Belgrade because of fever,
anaemia, prostration and right groin pain. Clinical and radiological
examination were performed. CT showed large abscess of the right psoas
muscle, 12x4cm large. Treatment included percutaneous drainage and
administration of iv antibiotics. There is regression of inflamation. At
discharge patient was in good condition without signs of infection.
Use of multivariate analysis in mineral accumulation of rocket (Eruca sativa) accessions
Authors: Bozokalfa Kadri , Eşiyok Dursun , Yağmur Bülent
Published: January 2012

The leafy vegetables contain high amount of mineral elements and health
promoting compound. To solve nutritional problems in diet and reduced
malnutrition among human population selection of specific cultivar among
species would be help increasing elemental delivery in the human diet. While
rocket plant observes several nutritional compounds no significant efforts
have been made for genetic diversity for mineral composition of rocket plant
accessions using multivariate analyses technique. The objective of this work
was to evaluate variability for mineral accumulation of rocket accessions
revealed by multivariate analysis to use further breeding program for achieve
improving cultivar in targeting high nutrient concentration. A total twelve
mineral element and twenty-three E. sativa accessions were investigated and
considerable variation were observed in the most of concentration the
principal component analysis explained that 77.67% of total variation
accounted for four PC axis. Rocket accessions were classifies into three
groups and present outcomes of experiments revealed that the first three
principal components were highly valid to classify the examined accessions
and separating mineral accumulations. Significant differences exhibited in
mineral concentration among examined rocket accessions and the result could
allow selecting those genotypes with higher elements.
Application of various statistical methods to analyze genetic diversity of Austrian (Pinus nigra Arn.) and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) based on protein markers
Authors: Lucic Aleksandar , Isajev Vasilije , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Mataruga Milan , Babic Vojka , Ristic Danijela , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana
Published: January 2012

This paper presents the results of studies on protein polymorphism in seeds
of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arn.) as
the most important economic species of the genus Pinus in Serbia.
Polymorphism of protein markers was determined in selected genotypes
originating from seven populations (Scots pine) and six populations (Austrian
pine). Analysis of protein markers was performed using two statistical
methods, NTSYS and correspondence analysis. Both methods give the same
arrangement of the analyzed populations, whereby, because of a different view
of genetic distances, they can and should be combined, enabling easier and
more precise understanding of mutual relationships of the observation units.
Genotype and liming effects on cadmium concentration in maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Kovacevic Vlado , Simic Domagoj , Kadar Imre , Knezevic Desimir , Loncaric Zdenko
Published: January 2012

Liming experiment with hydrated lime (73% CaO + 2-3% MgO + 21% water) in the
amounts 0, 5.0 and 20.0 t ha-1 was conducted in spring 2006 on acid soil.
Each plot of liming (414m2) was divided in four sub-plots for receiving four
replicates in level of the genotype. Six domestic maize hybrids (Os298P,
Tvrtko303, Os499, Os444, Os596 and Os552) originating from Agricultural
Institute Osijek was sown at beginning of May (basic plot 24 m2). The
ear-leaf samples of maize were collected at flowering and grain in maturity
stages. Mean grain yields of maize in the experiment were 11.63 and 4.83 t
ha-1, for the 2006 and the 2007 growing season, respectively. Unfavorable
weather characteristics in 2007 were main responsible for yield loss. Yield
differences between liming treatments and the control were in both years
non-significant. Liming effects on decreasing leaf-Cd in maize was found in
both years (2-year means: 0.095 and 0.066, for the control and mean of two
liming treatments, respectively). Considerable difference of leaf-Cd was
found among the maize hybrids and it was in range from 0.040 to 0.160 mg Cd
kg-1. Two hybrids (Os298P and Tvrtko 303) separated from remaining four
hybrids by the higher leaf-Cd (2-year means 0.141 and 0.043 mg Cd kg-1,
respectively). However, these differences are responsible for possible
harmful dietary effects only in case of using these hybrids as silage maize
because grain-Cd in maize was considerably lower (under detectable range =
<0.02 mg Cd kg-1) and without effects on food contamination.
Left ventricular noncompaction: Clinical-echocardiographic study
Authors: Nikolic Aleksandra , Jovovic Ljiljana , Tomic Slobodan , Vukovic Milan
Published: January 2012

Background/Aim. Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is a disorder in
endomyocardial morphogenesis, seen either isolated (in the absence of other
cardiac anomalies) or in association with congenital heart disease and some
neuromuscular diseases. Intrauterine arrest of the compaction of myocardial
fibers is postulated to be the reason of LVNC. Recognition of this condition
is extremely important due to its high mortality and morbidity that lead to
progressive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias and thromboembolic events.
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical
presentation of LVNC among consecutive outpatients according to clinical and
echocardiographyic findings. Methode. A total of 3,854 consecutive patients
examined at the Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases within a period January
2006 - January 2007 were included in the study. All the patients underwent
echocardiographic examination using the same equipment (Vivid 7, GE Medical
System). Echocardiographic parameters and clinical presentation in patients
with echocardiographic criteria for LVNC were analyzed. Results. Analyzing
3,854 consecutive outpatients, using two-dimensional Color Doppler
echocardiography from January 2006 to January 2007, 12 patients met the
criteria for LVNC. Seven of them were male. The mean age at diagnosis was 45
? 15 years. Analyzing clinical manifestation of LVNC it was found that seven
patients had signs of heart failure, six had arrhythmias with no embolic
events. Conclusion. Our results suggest that the real prevalence of LVNC may
be higher than expected. New studies have to be done to solve this problem.
New aspects of sepsis pathophysiology in critically ill
Authors: Djordjevic Dragan , Surbatovic Maja , Ugrinovic Djordje , Radakovic Sonja , Jevdjic Jasna , Filipovic Nikola , Romic Predrag , Jovanovic Dusko
Published: January 2012

nema
The Effect of Secretory Factors of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells on Human Keratinocytes
Authors: Moon Kyoung Mi , Park Ye-Hyoung , Lee Jae Seol , Chae Yong-Byung , Kim Moon-Moo , Kim Dong-Soo , Kim Byung-Woo , Nam Soo-Wan , Lee Jong-Hwan
Published: January 2012

The beneficial effects of adipose-derived stem cell conditioned medium (ADSC-CM) on skin regeneration have been reported. Although the mechanism of how ADSC-CM promotes skin regeneration is unclear, ADSC-CM contained various growth factors and it is an excellent raw material for skin treatment. ADSC-CM produced in a hypoxia condition of ADSC—in other words, Advanced Adipose-Derived Stem cell Protein Extract (AAPE)—has great merits for skin regeneration. In this study, human primary keratinocytes (HKs), which play fundamental roles in skin tissue, was used to examine how AAPE affects HK. HK proliferation was significantly higher in the experimental group (1.22 μg/mL) than in the control group. DNA gene chip demonstrated that AAPE in keratinocytes (p < 0.05) notably affected expression of 290 identified transcripts, which were associated with cell proliferation, cycle and migration. More keratinocyte wound healing and migration was shown in the experimental group (1.22 μg/mL). AAPE treatment significantly stimulated stress fiber formation, which was linked to the RhoA-ROCK pathway. We identified 48 protein spots in 2-D gel analysis and selected proteins were divided into 64% collagen components and 30% non-collagen components as shown by the MALDI-TOF analysis. Antibody array results contained growth factor/cytokine such as HGF, FGF-1, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IL-6, VEGF, and TGF-β3 differing from that shown by 2-D analysis. Conclusion: AAPE activates HK proliferation and migration. These results highlight the potential of the topical application of AAPE in the treatment of skin regeneration.
Primal Eukaryogenesis: On the Communal Nature of Precellular States, Ancestral to Modern Life
Authors: Egel Richard
Published: January 2012

This problem-oriented, exploratory and hypothesis-driven discourse toward the unknown combines several basic tenets: (i) a photo-active metal sulfide scenario of primal biogenesis in the porespace of shallow sedimentary flats, in contrast to hot deep-sea hydrothermal vent conditions; (ii) an inherently complex communal system at the common root of present life forms; (iii) a high degree of internal compartmentalization at this communal root, progressively resembling coenocytic (syncytial) super-cells; (iv) a direct connection from such communal super-cells to proto-eukaryotic macro-cell organization; and (v) multiple rounds of micro-cellular escape with streamlined reductive evolution—leading to the major prokaryotic cell lines, as well as to megaviruses and other viral lineages. Hopefully, such nontraditional concepts and approaches will contribute to coherent and plausible views about the origins and early life on Earth. In particular, the coevolutionary emergence from a communal system at the common root can most naturally explain the vast discrepancy in subcellular organization between modern eukaryotes on the one hand and both archaea and bacteria on the other.
Dispersion of Carbon Nanotubes: Mixing, Sonication, Stabilization, and Composite Properties
Authors: Huang Yan Yan , Terentjev Eugene M.
Published: January 2012

Advances in functionality and reliability of carbon nanotube (CNT) composite materials require careful formulation of processing methods to ultimately realize the desired properties. To date, controlled dispersion of CNTs in a solution or a composite matrix remains a challenge, due to the strong van der Waals binding energies associated with the CNT aggregates. There is also insufficiently defined correlation between the microstructure and the physical properties of the composite. Here, we offer a review of the dispersion processes of pristine (non-covalently functionalized) CNTs in a solvent or a polymer solution. We summarize and adapt relevant theoretical analysis to guide the dispersion design and selection, from the processes of mixing/sonication, to the application of surfactants for stabilization, to the final testing of composite properties. The same approaches are expected to be also applicable to the fabrication of other composite materials involving homogeneously dispersed nanoparticles.
Dépressivité et dépression à l'adolescence
Authors: Dayan Jacques
Published: January 2012

Résumé Une tendance à la psychiatrisation systématique des états mentaux conduit à considérer les périodes de tristesse et de découragement persistants de l’adolescent, voire les seuls états de morosité, comme des figures de la pathologie. Nous développons avec D. W. Winnicott, E. Gut, P. Fédida et Ph. Gutton, le point de vue dynamique selon lequel le mouvement dépressif, inhérent à la vie mentale, participe à la régulation de la vie psychique. Mis en jeu par la perte ou l’abandon, il favorise la redistribution des investissements, véritable « ré-affectation ». Le sujet adolescent déprimé nécessite d’être accompagné, non d’être d’emblée soigné. Bien que l’issue de la dépressivité adolescente soit le plus souvent favorable, nous en examinons certains destins dommageables, qualifiant la dépression de « non productive », de « dépression de mort » ou de dépression de déliaison. Deux figures pathologiques emblématiques, l’anorexie mentale de la jeune fille et les conduites toxicomaniaques, sont envisagées comme résistance à une dépressivité, pourtant élément clé d’un processus d’intégration. Elles illustrent, à l’instar du démantèlement de la pensée dans les dépressions psychotiques – désespérément exprimé dans des productions artistiques – le rôle essentiel que joue le corps comme constituant et moyen de la vie psychique.
Églantine
Authors: Maïdi Houari
Published: January 2012

Résumé L’adolescent est extrêmement sensible à son image. Celle-ci est autant redoutée qu’investie avec force et fascination. Dans cet article, nous présentons une observation qui illustre, chez une jeune fille, les perceptions complexes et ambivalentes d’un corps empli de maux divers. Un corps qui semble être la boîte de Pandore de toutes les angoisses nées de l’enfance et de l’adolescence, et un corps-vitrine, façade narcissique par le regard de l’autre, craignant en même temps que ce regard ne voie à l’intérieur de l’adolescente, son intimité, ses pensées, ses angoisses, d’où cet aspect paranoïde fréquent à cet âge.
Roman adolescent et scènes pubertaires
Authors: Bonnet Christian , Pechikoff Stéphanie
Published: January 2012

Résumé Nous proposons la notion de  roman adolescent à entendre ainsi : l’articulation de la structure du roman familial à des scènes pubertaires, comme scènes « neuves » ou compositions-créations, dans une dimension plus élaborative que défensive. Le roman adolescent n’est pas une simple réédition, mais bien la création d’un scénario désirant dont le mouvement exige trois temps logiques : une mise en tension des structures du roman familial ; la mise en exergue de scènes pubertaires composées de « blasons » attachés à des axes désirants ; enfin, un mouvement narratif produisant transférentiellement ce roman adolescent dans les entretiens cliniques. Les cas de Gunther et de Céleste analysent les romans, leurs formes ainsi que leurs fonctions d’élaboration et de construction psychique au service du processus adolescens. Le roman adolescent quand il se révèle sous transfert, est spécifique et se distingue du roman familial freudien par la représentativité des scènes pubertaires.
Dysmorphophobie, pubertaire et processus adolescent
Authors: Ouvry Olivier , Bidaud Éric
Published: January 2012

Résumé Les craintes dysmorphophobiques renvoient aux appréhensions de ce qu’une position sexuée du côté féminin ou masculin peut évoquer d’un engagement impossible à tenir au devant du regard des autres. C’est à partir d’une conviction de contenir en un creux imaginaire du corps une négativité honteuse que l’adolescent, ou l’adolescente, se ressent exclu(e) du jeu social et de tout registre de la séduction, et se fait un refuge de cette condition de proscrit(e) en se mettant en vacance de l’épreuve de sexuation. Aussi, toute une problématique du voilement situera l’adolescent vers ce que nous pouvons nommer sa « revisagéification » nécessaire comme réponse à son questionnement dans le champ de l’échange des regards. Dans cet article, nous définirons un parcours qui pourrait se dessiner selon un cercle dont les deux bords ne se rejoignent pas, formant une spirale ascendante : le point de départ est le réel du corps, l’évidement initial du pubertaire, ressentis comme Autre sexe (le Féminin), puis l’éprouvé de la honte, la dysmorphophobie et la création de l’objet esthétique de recouvrement de cet éprouvé du vide.
Sublimation pubertaire
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: January 2012

Résumé Ce texte regroupe des travaux antérieurs d’orientation diverses pour mieux définir la sublimation pubertaire. Celle-ci constitue un ensemble de processus engageant l’expérience pubertaire vers la subjectalisation et l’objectalisation adolescentes. Elle s’exprimerait à un niveau archaïque par l’interprétation que l’infantile élargi porte sur les traces pubertaires. À un niveau secondaire, elle préside à la construction des idéaux d’adolescence. Si la subjectalisation est en fait une intersubjectalisation, on peut parler de co-sublimation trouvant ses origines dans l’état d’illusion et de désillusion pubertaires. Le sujet parental de transfert en est le porte-parole. Maître processus de la création adolescente, la sublimation y serait organisée par la pulsion d’emprise du Moi et de ses idéaux tels qu’ils se remanient entre infantile et adolescence.