bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
To the question of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation (comparative legal analysis)
Authors: Ivanova Elena S.
Published: November 2022

The article describes the existing acts related to artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation. In the course of the study, it was determined and revealed which legal acts in the domestic legislation are devoted to the declared topic, and a comparative analysis of foreign legislation was carried out. As a result of the research, the author comes to the conclusion that, as such, there is a lack of a sufficient number of regulatory legal acts regulating the field of artificial intelligence in Russian Federation. The author considers it necessary to create a multi-level hierarchical system, the task of which at each level is to regulate the range of relations affecting the field of artificial intelligence and robotics, both in general and taking into account the specifics of its application, depending on the type of activity.
Identifikasi dan karakterisasi senyawa alkaloid ekstrak metanol daun kecubung (datura metel l.) Dengan menggunakan Spektrofotometri Fourier Transform Infrared (Ft-Ir) Dan Spektrofotometri Uv-Visibel
Authors: Taupik Muhammad , N. Allade Muhammad , Adam Mustapa Moh , Nurrohwinta Djuwarno Endah , La Kilo Jafar
Published: November 2022

The study aims to identify and characterize the alkaloid compounds of datura leaf (Datura metel L.) methanol extract by using Fourier Transform Infra Red (FT-IR) spectrophotometric and UV-Visible spectrophotometric. This study employs experimental methods including exctraction process, identication of compounds, thin layer chromatography, preparative thin- layer chromatography, and characterization of the compound by ultilizing UV-Vis spectrophotometer and IR spectrophotometer instruments. Furthermore, 150-gram datura leaves (Datura metel L.) are macerated with methanol solvents, and it resulting 20-gram methanol extracts. The result of thin layer chromatography using an eluent of chloroform : N-Hexane obtsins spot with the Rf Value of 2,07 ; O,56, 0,29 ; 3,5 ; 3,7 Beside, the result of the Uv_vis spectrophotometer shows that datura leaf isolates provide apsorption at wavelegenths of 234 and 284, which indicates the occurrence of n→σ* and n→π*. Electron transitions. At the same time, the data interoretation result using IR spectrophotometer of datura leaf (Datura metel L.) isolates indicate that there is an alkaloid compound with fuctional group of N-H (3301.354 cm-1) , Aromatic C-H (2940.153 ; 2830.842 cm-1), O=H (2044.644 cm-1), C-H (1448.258 cm-1), C-N (1114.566 cm-1), C-O (1000 cm-1).
PENGAWASAN CEMARAN RESIDU PESTISIDA, KADMIUM DAN TIMBAL BAWANG PUTIH PADA BEBERAPA PASAR TRADISIONAL DI WILAYAH EKS BAKORWIL III PROVINSI JAWA TENGAH
Authors: Puspitasari Listya , Mugio Agus , Maissy Astriella Awwali
Published: November 2022

Bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penyedap makanan dan obat. Konsumsi bawang putih nasional sektor rumah tangga pada tahun 2020 sebesar 450,85 ribu ton. Tingginya konsumsi bawang putih belum didukung produksi nasional sehingga pemenuhannya dilakukan melalui impor. Penanganan keamanan pangan bawang putih sebagai salah satu Pangan Segar Asal Tumbuhan (PSAT) perlu menjadi titik perhatian. Pengawasan dilaksanakan untuk menjamin pemenuhan persyaratan keamanan PSAT. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cemaran residu pestisida, kadmium, dan timbal bawang putih pada beberapa pasar tradisional di wilayah Eks Bakorwil III Jawa Tengah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10 (sepuluh) bahan aktif pestisida (Acetamiprid, Amectotradin, Clethodim, Difenoconazole, Dimethenamid-P, Dithiocarbamates, Maleic Hydrazide, Pirimicarb, Pyraclostrobin, Sulfaxoflor) tidak terdeteksi pada keseluruhan contoh bawang putih yang diuji. Residu pestisida tebucenazole dan kadmium terdeteksi pada contoh bawang putih yang diambil di Pasar Pelem Gading Cilacap. Adapun timbal terdeteksi pada contoh bawang putih yang diambil di Pasar Induk Banjarnegara. Kandungan residu pestisida tebucenazole terdeteksi sebesar 0,02 mg/kg, kadmium sebesar 0,02 mg/kg dan timbal sebesar 0,12 mg/kg. Kandungan residu pestisida tebucenazole dan kadmium terdeteksi di bawah standar batas maksimum residu/cemaran sedangkan cemaran timbal terdeteksi di atas standar batas maksimum residu/cemaran berdasarkan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 53/Permentan/KR.040/12/2018 tentang Keamanan dan Mutu Pangan Segar Asal Tumbuhan. Hasil analisis  menunjukkan terdapat 7 (tujuh) contoh bawang putih yang memenuhi dan 1 (satu) contoh bawang putih yang belum memenuhi persyaratan keamanan PSAT. Kata Kunci : bawang putih, kadmium, keamanan pangan, residu pestisida, timbal.
Arnica montana and its medicinal value in the light of scientific research
Authors: Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława , Kimel Katarzyna
Published: November 2022

Arnika górska (Arnica montana) jest rośliną stosowaną w lecznictwie od setek lat a obecnie w fitoterapii w formie preparatów do użytku zewnętrznego (żele, maści i płyny z wyciągiem z wysuszonego koszyczka arniki), jak i homeopatii, w której może być także stosowana doustnie (różne rozcieńczenia nalewki TM ze świeżej planta tota).
Celem pracy było podsumowanie danych literaturowych dotyczących znaczenia arniki górskiej i jej przetworów w fitoterapii na tle zastosowań homeopatycznych, z uwzględnieniem składu chemicznego, aktywności farmakologicznej i biologicznej, mechanizmów działania oraz badań klinicznych.
Badania biochemiczne i farmakologiczne potwierdzają korzyści płynące ze stosowania alopatycznych przetworów z arniki jako środków przeciwzapalnych. Mechanizm tej aktywności jest związany przede wszystkim z obecnością dwóch grup substancji biologicznie czynnych: laktonów seskwiterpenowych – helenaliny, dihydrohelenaliny i ich estrów, oraz wzmacniających ich działanie związków polifenolowych. Badania kliniczne potwierdzają skuteczność preparatów z arniką w terapii schorzeń układu mięśniowo-szkieletowego o zróżnicowanym podłożu, włączając w to zarówno kontuzje i urazy sportowe, jak i choroby reumatyczne. Jednocześnie potencjał terapeutyczny arniki związany jest również z innymi kierunkami działania, w szczególności aktywnością przeciwobrzękową, przeciwreumatyczną, antyoksydacyjną i korzystnym wpływem na naczynia krwionośne. Obiecujące wydają się także wstępne wyniki badań z ostatnich lat wskazujące na potencjalne zastosowanie surowca w leczeniu leiszmaniozy skórnej.
Przeprowadzony przegląd doniesień naukowych wskazuje, że przetwory z arniki górskiej stanowią źródło cennych substancji biologicznie czynnych, a w konsekwencji skuteczny lek w stanach zapalnych o różnym podłożu (urazy, choroby reumatyczne). Oprócz ugruntowanego stosowania arniki jako środka przeciwzapalnego, wyniki badań ostatnich lat rozszerzają potencjał terapeutyczny surowca o nowe możliwe zastosowania i kierunki działania.
Souvenirs Related to Ignacy Łukasiewicz in the Collection of the Pharmacy Museum at Jagiellonian University Medical College
Authors: Dymarczyk Iwona
Published: November 2022

Ekspozycja poświęcona Ignacemu Łukasiewiczowi w krakowskim Muzeum Farmacji była planowana niemal od początku istnienia tej placówki (1946). W miarę pozyskiwania kolejnych eksponatów zorganizowano wystawę pt. Gabinet Aptekarza, dedykowaną Ignacemu Łukasiewiczowi. Celem opracowania jest zaprezentowanie unikalnych pamiątek związanych z tą najbardziej zasłużoną postacią w historii polskiej farmacji. Najcenniejsze z nich to 11 obiektów, które w większości pochodzą ze zbiorów rodzinnych, z kolekcji Jerzego Pileckiego. Należą do nich zabytki rękopiśmienne: manuał apteczny założony przez Łukasiewicza w 1850 r., inwentarz apteki w Brzostku spisany przez niego w 1959 r, a także pamiątki osobiste: sekretarzyk i apteczka domowa z dworku Łukasiewiczów w Chorkówce, blaszane pudełko z czasów walk Łukasiewicza o niepodległość w 1846 r., dyplom pochwalny nadany Łukasiewiczowi C.K. Towarzystwo Gospodarczo - Rolnicze Krakowskie podczas Wystawy Zwierząt Gospodarskich, Narzędzi i Maszyn Rolniczych w Jaśle 15.06.1858 r., medal portretowy z 1878 r. wybity z okazji 25 rocznicy zapalenia lampy naftowej, srebrny dzwonek ręczny z talerzykiem, z monogramem „IHŁ” (Ignacy Honorata Łukasiewicz), fotografia Honoraty Łukasiewicz i jej brata Jana Dydak – Stacherskiego z 1865 r.(?), portret fotograficzny Ignacego Łukasiewicza z ok. 1880 r. (?), portret olejny Ignacego Łukasiewicza autorstwa Józefa Klaza, namalowany w Wiedniu w 1868 r. Pozostałe eksponaty to: utensylia pochodzące z aptek w Gorlicach i w Brzostku, z którymi był związany zawodowo Łukasiewicz. Opisano też naczynia przeznaczone na ropę naftową i naftę używane w XIX wiecznych aptekach, a także dwa prototypy lamp naftowych konstrukcji Ignacego Łukasiewicza oraz wzorowane na nich ozdobne lampy wiedeńskie z 2 połowy XIX w. Są też trzy fotografie apteki „Pod Złotą Gwiazdą” we Lwowie wykonane przez Jana Wiesława Radwańskiego w 1923 r, a także współczesne medale pamiątkowe i obrazy związane tematycznie z tą postacią. Omawiana kolekcja prawdopodobnie jest najcenniejszym zbiorem osobistych pamiątek po Ignacym Łukasiewiczu.
Vergesellschaftung als Transformationsstrategie
Authors: Stoll Niklas
Published: November 2022

Mit einem 2021 gewonnenen Volksentscheid hat die Initiative Deutsche Wohnen & Co. enteignen (DWE) die Vergesellschaftung großer Immobilienkonzerne in Berlin als realistische Option etabliert und damit Vergesellschaftung nach Jahrzehnten wieder auf die politische Tagesordnung gesetzt. Der Beitrag analysiert die Forderungen und demokratisch-partizipativen Konzepte von DWE, bettet sie in verschiedene gesellschaftspolitische Diskurse ein, arbeitet die enthaltene Transformationsstrategie heraus und beleuchtet die politischen Potenziale, aber auch praktischen Probleme und Fallstricke im Kontext der Berliner Landespolitik. Er fragt abschließend, wie fruchtbar der Ansatz für die gesellschaftliche Linke als Ganzes ist.
Boletín Económico Regional. Suroriente III trimestre de 2022
Authors: Mora-Pérez Dora Alicia , Paredes-Vega Joaquín E. , Jaramillo-Saakan Ernesto , Hernández-Leal Germán Humberto , Turriago-Lozada Julio C. , Quintana-Romero Karen S.
Published: November 2022

Al cierre del tercer trimestre de 2022, la región Suroriente registró comportamientos diversos para sus actividades económicas. Variables principales como producción de petróleo, consumo de energía eléctrica, hotelería y transporte aéreo de pasajeros mostraron una mejor evolución. Por su parte, se presentaron caídas en el sector agropecuario, particularmente en fruto procesado de palma, abastecimiento agrícola y sacrificio de ganado; en construcción, por venta de vivienda nueva, área aprobada y área en proceso, y en comercio, en lo referente a matrículas de vehículos y percepciones de crecimiento de las ventas. En comercio exterior, se evidenciaron alzas tanto en importaciones como en exportaciones. Finalmente, en Villavicencio, la inflación señaló incremento, mientras la tasa de desempleo disminuyó.
ANALISIS SIKAP KERJA DENGAN METODE REBA DAN METODE OWAS PADA AKTIVITAS PEMECAH BATU ALAM DI DESA SUMBEREJO
Authors: Saleh Rahmat , Lestari Mathilda Sri , Ahya Rahmatul
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan level tindakan metode Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) dan metode Ovako Working Analysis System (OWAS). Keluhan musculoskeletal berdasarkan kuesioner Nordic Body Map (NBM adalah punggung, pinggang, lengan bawah kanan, dan betis kanan. Pekerja menggali tanah metode OWAS skor 3 dan 4 artinya berbahaya pada sistem musculoskeletal dan perlu perbaikan segera mungkin. Metode REBA skor tabel C sebesar 8, artinya pekerja menggali tanah mempunyai level resiko tinggi dan perlu perbaikan segera perubahan postur tubuh. Pekerja melubangi batu alam metode OWAS skor sebesar 2, artinya sikap ini tidak ada masalah sistem muskuloskeletal dan perlu perbaikan dimasa yang akan datang. Metode REBA skor tabel C sebesar 4 dan 7, artinya pekerja melubangi batu alam mempunyai level resiko yang sedang dan perlu perbaikan perubahan postur tubuh. Pekerja memukul pahat metode OWAS skor 3, artinya sikap ini berbahaya pada sistem musculoskeletal dan perlu perbaikan segera mungkin. Metode REBA skor tabel C sebesar 8 dan 9, artinya pekerja memukul pahat mempunyai level resiko yang tinggi dan perlu perbaikan segera perubahan postur tubuh. Pekerja memecah batu alam sesuai ukuran metode OWAS skor 3, artinya sikap ini berbahaya sistem musculoskeletal dan perlu perbaikan segera mungkin. Metode REBA tabel C sebesar 8, yang artinya pekerja memecah batu alam mempunyai level resiko yang tinggi dan perlu perbaikan segera perubahan postur tubuh.
ANALISIS BULLWHIP EFFECT PADA PENGADAAN KAIN BATIK DI CV. BATIK GEMAWANG
Authors: Munadhifah Rosda Anisatul , Purnomo Hari , Oktyajati Nancy
Published: November 2022

Persaingan bisnis pada era zaman modern semakin ketat. Terutama pada bisnis produksi kain batik yang dapat bersaing sampai saat ini. Dalam supply chain terdapat kelemahan yaitu adanya perbedaan antara permintaan dan penjualan atau bullwhip effect. CV Batik Gemawang merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi batik. Dalam pengadaan kain batik di toko Bawen dan toko Banaran tidak melihat stock yang masih tersedia, namun terus menambah stock meskipun penjualannya sedikit.  Menganalisis bullwhip effect pada pengadaan kain Batik Gemawang merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Pendekatan yang dilakukan yaitu kuantitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara, observasi di lapangan dan mengumpukan dokumentasi yang ada di perusahaan. Material data  yang diambil merupakan data pengadaan dan penjualan dari bulan Juni 2019 sampai Bulan Mei 2020. Perhitungan dilakukan dengan perhitungan manual dan menggunakan microsoft excel 2010. Hasil dari penelitian diperoleh nilai bullwhip effect periode Juni 2019 sampai Mei 2020 pada toko Bawen sebesar 3,2308 dan pada toko Banaran sebesar 2,2108. Nilai Bullwhip Effect kedua toko tersebut hasilnya lebih banyak daripada nilai parameter yang sudah ditentukan, sehingga mengalami penyimpangan yang jauh antara pengadaan dengan penjualan atau yang dinamakan dengan fenomena Bullwhip Effect. Nilai bullwhip effect kedua toko tersebut hasilnya lebih banyak daripada nilai parameter (1,0056) sehingga mengalami bullwhip effect. Hasil  peramalan pada Toko Bawen dan Banaran berturut-turut yaitu 5,88763 pcs dan 3,52259 pcs.
A Study on Several Images linked through Mono Narrative: Focusing on the Way of the Cross (a.k.a. Via Dolorosa)
Authors:   Academic Association of Global Cultural Contents, Kim Seiik
Published: November 2022

As Gilbert Durang said, this is the age of image flooding. Therefore, the image, which has traditionally been regarded as inferior to reality and has been accepted as an illusion, is regarded as a “existence between representation and object” in modern philosophy, generating a lot of discourse. However, today's image is gradually transforming beyond the “existence between representation and object” by functioning as a channel of (recognition) rather than a representation (reproduction) or an object (specific object). This means that symbols containing meanings are expanding from existing text to images (image text). In other words, today's image functions as a medium, that is, a medium, that conveys meaning like text in the past era. The Way of the Cross is a good example of this trend. The “Way of the Cross” to remember the scene of Jesus' suffering is the site of spatial storytelling that tells the story of the most important historical moment in Christianity, a collection of images that lead to a single narrative, and a monument that appears in various shapes and shapes. “The Way of the Cross” can be said to be the site of “imagetelling” in that images containing intense narratives dominate space and lead to spatial storytelling, and discussions on the media nature of images that can be derived from it will provide insights on the process and separation of certain images in the future. This article is the first exploration of a series of studies to consider that images today take on the character of media, and that is why certain images are linked to symbols with transmedia attributes. In order to accommodate and organize traditional perspectives that examine images have media attributes, we would like to open the door to discussions on the characteristics of today's images by using Catholicism's “Way of the Cross,” which simultaneously shows the characteristics of “myth” and “real time-experience narrative.”
A Study on Creative Expression of Audiobook Service Platform Advertising in Korea and Foreign Countries
Authors:   Academic Association of Global Cultural Contents, Seo Bo-Yun , Chung Eun-Kyung
Published: November 2022

This study focuses on comparing and analyzing the creative expression strategies of domestic and foreign audiobook service platforms(ASPs) advertising. The total of 40 TV and web film advertisements of domestic and foreign ASPs were examined by content analyzing. The study results are as follows. First, the advertisement of the ASPs deals with characteristics of the ASP itself as the core message rather than the message related to the book provided by the audiobook. And as an advertising model as a speaker to deliver a message, advertisements of domestic ASPs mainly used characters in books or authors of books, while advertisements of foreign ASPs generally use famous people. Second, in terms of message strategy, advertisements of domestic ASPs use an transmissional strategy to convey the convenience and informationality of audiobook service, while advertisements of foreign ASPs use a ritual strategy that conveys experiences and meanings in daily life as creative strategy. Third, as a specific expression strategy to deliver the messages, the lesson and drama technique among the expression techniques were used a lot in advertisements of domestic ASPs, and the association transfer technique was used along with the the lesson and drama technique in advertisements of foreign ASPs.
Educação de jovens e adultos: perspectivas relacionadas a sua atuação na inserção do discente no mercado de trabalho
Authors: Saraiva Maria Cristina Campos
Published: November 2022

Atualmente, a Educação de Jovens e Adultos é composta por um público diversificado de estudantes, que possuem idades, motivações, interesses, experiências e expectativas diferentes. Dentre este grupo, há discentes que já trabalham e outros que estão buscando uma oportunidade no mercado de trabalho. Nesse contexto, o presente artigo, tem como questão norteadora: qual o papel da Educação de Jovens e Adultos na inserção do aluno no mercado de trabalho? Tendo como objetivo investigar as contribuições da Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA) para a inserção do aluno no mercado de trabalho. Para isso, adotou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica de artigos e documentos referentes à temática. Após a pesquisa realizada, constatou-se que a Educação de Jovens e Adultos é de extrema importância para os que precisam e querem progredir nos estudos e se inserir no mercado de trabalho. Seu papel está relacionado a ampliação da visão de mundo dos discentes, proporcionando a continuidade nos estudos, contribuindo, diretamente, para a conclusão do ensino fundamental e médio, bem como para o desenvolvimento de habilidades fundamentais para a inserção no mercado de trabalho ou continuidade nos estudos, visando melhores oportunidades.
ФІНАНСОВА СИСТЕМА УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВІЙНИ
Authors: Маршук Ліна , Бурлака Максим
Published: November 2022

Стаття присвячена вивчення фінансової системи України в умовах війни. Фінансова система є економічним фронтом країни. Від її функціонування залежить добробут населення, виконання зобов’язань країни, економічне зростання в цілому, фінансування потреб країни. З початку війни й так хитка фінансова система, яка лише відновилася від попередніх криз, повинна перейти на військові умови функціонування. Створення для України досконалої фінансової системи є одна з основних умов функціонування економіки. Стабільна та ефективна фінансова система, якій довіряють громадяни та бізнес, є необхідною умовою економічного розвитку. Розглянуто основні рішення та інструменти, які допомогли вистояти фінансовій системі Україні в період війни.
ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ МЕТАЛУРГІЙНОЇ ГАЛУЗІ УКРАЇНИ: ПОТОЧНІ ВИКЛИКИ ТА ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ
Authors: Гордєєва-Герасимова Людмила , Крайняк Аліна
Published: November 2022

Стратегічно важливою для забезпечення соціально-економічного розвитку України, відновлення та підтримки національної безпеки є металургійна галузь. Продукція металургійних підприємств забезпечує функціонування машинобудівної, будівельної та транспортної галузей, збут на зовнішні ринки дозволяє забезпечити значний притік іноземної валюти в країну. Ще до війни металургійним підприємствам доводилося пристосовуватися до особливостей господарювання в умовах світового надвиробництва чорних металів, кризових явищ внаслідок пандемії COVID-19 та інших проблем. Наразі завдання ускладнене рядом факторів, серед яких основним можна виокремити воєнний стан в нашій країні. У статті проаналізовано тенденції розвитку металургійної галузі України до початку повномасштабного вторгнення Росії. Визначено особливості господарювання в умовах воєнного стану. Окреслено наслідки ворожих ударів по металургійному сектору промисловості, а також зазначено основні напрямки підтримки урядом металургійних підприємств.
РОЛЬ ПЕРСОНАЛУ У ПРОЦЕСІ УПРАВЛІННЯ РОЗВИТКОМ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА
Authors: Гринько Тетяна , Гвініашвілі Тетяна , Піпкіна Анастасія
Published: November 2022

Стаття присвячена актуальним питанням визначення ролі персоналу у процесі управління розвитком підприємства. Сьогоднішні зміни в українській економіці призводять до модифікацій в операційних системах вітчизняних підприємств. Важливішою стає нова концепція управління персоналом, перехід від класичної стабільності до гнучкості для забезпечення довгострокової ефективної діяльності. Управління розвитком підприємства поєднує різні напрями його діяльності, насамперед: систему управління, стратегію управління персоналом, прогнозування та аналіз, облік та контроль, необхідні методи та моделі для забезпечення стійкого розвитку виробничо-господарської діяльності, а також реалізації цілей та завдань діяльності суб’єкта господарювання у конкретний момент часу. Затрати компанії на освіту та підвищення кваліфікації молодих та талановитих працівників є одним з найпотужніших стимулів підвищення ефективності праці персоналу, які обов’язково окупляться у майбутньому.
Range expansion to record-breaking elevations influences, but does not eliminate, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis infections for Andean anurans
Authors: Steigerwald Emma , Gendron Cassandra , Chaparro Juan Carlos , Gillespie Rosemary , Byrne Allison , Nielsen Rasmus , Rosenblum Erica
Published: November 2022

Climate change impacts emerging infectious disease events through multiple mechanisms, but the influence it exerts through driving host range shifts has been little explored. For instance, range shifts may affect pathogen transmission by altering the connectivity of host populations. Additionally, range expanding hosts and pathogens will have different physiological responses to the suites of novel, challenging conditions they are exposed to, influencing infection outcomes. We studied the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) on three anuran amphibians in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Peru: Pleurodema marmoratum, Telmatobius marmoratus, and Rhinella spinulosa. There, these species have undergone a climate-driven range expansion into recently deglaciated habitat to become both the highest elevation amphibians and the highest elevation cases of Bd infection globally. We analyzed Bd genetics, infection metrics, and sublethal impacts along the colonization front (3,900—5,400 m asl) to explore how elevational range expansion affected host-pathogen dynamics. Amphibian range shifts have enabled new connectivity across the once continuously glaciated Cordillera Vilcanota, but genetic evidence suggests that Bd disperses so frequently and extensively that this novel connectivity has not contributed significantly to overall Bd dispersal. Although amphibians have not escaped Bd infection outright through upslope expansion in the Cordillera Vilcanota, Bd growth does appear to be constrained at the highest reaches of the Vilcanota. We present evidence that Bd infection has different sublethal costs for amphibians at the new elevations they have colonized, but whether the costs are mitigated or exacerbated by extreme elevation may be moderated by amphibian microhabitat use.
Self-Service Technology: Benefits and Challenges
Authors: Chan Claire Yi Tian , Petrikat Douglas
Published: November 2022

The adoption of self-service technology (SST) has increased significantly in business and society, particularly since the advent of the COVID-19 pandemic.  SST is a vital tool for many businesses in their quest to improve operational efficiency and increase profits. However, businesses must weigh the advantages of this technology against its drawbacks before committing to it.  This study seeks to investigate the applications and benefits of SST, the challenges of adopting SST, and some implementation ideas for SST techniques.  Furthermore, it seeks to examine whether SST techniques are successful and whether managers should consider SST as a strategic objective. The key research question in this study is how SST initiatives can help a business, and what challenges can managers encounter when implementing them.  A review of the current literature shows that SST has helped companies increase customer satisfaction, increase management efficiency and effectiveness, cut costs, and increase financial performance.  Some of the challenges facing SST usage include customer reluctance, consumer privacy, and substantial investments and costs for implementation.
An Ethos of Grace
Authors: Irvin Vanessa
Published: November 2022

This paper is an introductory article for volume 6, issue 3 of The International Journal of Information, Diversity, & Inclusion (IJIDI). In this article, IJIDI Editor-in-Chief Vanessa Irvin discusses ways in which within a post-COVID context, the idea of “work” has evolved for LIS scholarship.
Mecūs Kavramının Tarihsel Arka Planına Işık Tutmak: Cahiliye Döneminden Risalete Arap Yarımadası’nda Sāsānī Varlığı
Authors: ALICI Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmada Cahiliye döneminden risalete Sāsānīlerin Arap Yarımadası’ndaki dinî ve siyasi varlığı, Kur’an-ı Kerim’in bahse konu ettiği mecūs kavramının tarihsel arka planına temasla irdelenecektir. Bu çerçevede Cahiliye Arabı’nın İran/Pers kültür havzasıyla münasebetinin boyutu, mecūs kavramının odağa alınmasıyla tartışılacaktır. Bu kavramın oluşum sürecinde Ḥīre’nin ve Güney Arabistan’ın Arap-Pers etkileşimindeki kayda değer rolüne temas edilecektir. Özellikle Sāsānī hakimiyetinin Arap Yarımadası’na bakan yüzü olan Ḥīre’nin konumu, kültürel etkileşimin zemini olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Bu yolla Sāsānīlerin bu coğrafyadaki kadim tarihine ışık tutulurken mecūs ifadesiyle dinî bağlama işaret edilecektir. Böylelikle Kur’an’ın kullandığı mecūs kavramının Cahiliye Arabı’nın zihin dünyasında bir karşılığının olduğu ve dolayısıyla Sāsānīlerin dinî anlayışının Arap Yarımadası’nda bu kavram üzerinden varlık bulduğu ortaya çıkarılacaktır. Aynı zamanda risalet sürecinde Mecūsīlere ilişkin onların da Ehl-i kitap gibi kabul edilmeleri hususu, Cahiliye Arabı’nın anlam dünyasıyla arz ettiği paralellik açısından bahse konu edilecektir.
مُدوَّنة مُعجَم الطِّفل العَربيّ: نَحْوَ مَوردٍ لُغويٍّ جَديد
Authors: AL-SAİD Almoataz B.
Published: November 2022

ساعدُ مُعجمُ الطِّفل في تنمية الثَّروة اللَّفظيَّة لأبناء اللُّغة الأمّ، ويُؤدِّي دورًا مُهمًّا في عمليَّة اكتساب اللُّغة. ومع وجود هذا النَّوع من المعاجم في العديد من اللُّغات الإنسانيَّة، فإنَّ المكتبة العربيَّة تكاد تخلو من معاجم الطِّفل بمفهومها الدَّقيق؛ حيثُ تُصَنَّفُ المعاجمُ الموجودة على أنَّها مدرسيَّة أو مُيَسَّرة. ورغبةً في توجيه العناية إلى أهمِّيَّة هذا الـمُعجم والحاجة إليه، فإنَّ هذه الدِّراسة تسعى إلى بناء مُدوَّنةٍ لُغويَّة تكونُ موردًا لـمُعجم الطِّفل العربيّ. ويستمدُّ الباحثُ مادَّةَ الـمُدوَّنة من النُّصُوص العربيَّة الـمُوَجَّهة للطِّفل في مراحل الطُّفولة: الـمُبكِّرة، والـمُتوسِّطة، والـمُتأخِّرة؛ كما يستعينُ بأساليب التَّحليل الإحصائيّ وأدوات مُعالجة اللُّغات الطَّبيعيَّة في استخلاص البيانات الأساسيَّة. وتهدفُ الدِّراسةُ إلى: تقديم رُؤيةٍ منهجيَّة لبناء مُدوَّنةٍ لُغويَّة للطِّفل العربيّ؛ كما تهدفُ إلى اقتراح تصوُّر لتوزيع المعلومات الـمُعجميَّة في الـمُعجم المنشود. وقد توصَّلَت الدِّراسةُ إلى جُملةٍ من النَّتائج، منها: توفيرُ موردٍ لُغويٍّ جديد في اللُّغة العربيَّة، وتقديمُ منهجٍ لبناء هذا المورد وتطويره لغاية الصِّناعة الـمُعجميَّة، وإعداد ثلاثة نماذج مُعجميَّة تُناسبُ الفئات العُمريَّة للطِّفل العربيّ
Aḥmed Şevḳī’nin Dīvānu’l-Eṭfāl’inin Dil ve Tema Yönünden Tahlili
Authors: AYTEKİN Emine Merve
Published: November 2022

Şiir hem dünya edebiyatında hem de Arap edebiyatında hisleri harekete geçiren, haz veren bir tür olarak görülür. Bu sebeple Arap toplumunda da gerek Cahiliye döneminde gerek modern dönemde şairlere ve onların şiirlerine özel ilgi gösterilmiştir. Makalenin konusunu oluşturan Dīvānu’l-Eṭfāl/Çocukların Dīvānı isimli şiir koleksiyonunun yazarı olan Aḥmed Şevḳī (1870-1932) de modern dönemin ilgi odağı olan şairlerindendir. Çağdaş Arap edebiyatında sanat yeteneği ve şiirlerinin edebî gücü ile önemli bir yer tutan Aḥmed Şevḳī, Arap edebiyatı için önemli bir şahıstır ve onun üzerine pek çok çalışma yapılmıştır. Her bir çalışma şairi daha iyi tanımaya yardımcı olmaktadır. Bu makalenin amacı, Arap çocuk edebiyatında da öncülerden sayılan Aḥmed Şevḳī’nin çocukları konu edinen Dīvānu’l-Eṭfāl’ini Türkçeye kazandırmak, dil ve üslubunu, biçimsel özelliklerini ve muhtevasını analiz etmektir. Dīvānu’l-Eṭfāl şairin en meşhur eseri olan ve şiirlerinin bulunduğu eş-Şevḳiyyāt adlı divanının içinde bulunmaktadır. Şairin bu meşhur divanında çeşitli konularda yazdığı kasideleri bulunmaktadır. Çalışmaya konu olan bu şiir koleksiyonunun muhtevasını adından da anlaşılacağı üzere çocuk şiirleri oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada betimleme, tasnif ve örnekleme yöntemleri kullanılmıştır.
‘Ankara İlahiyat’a İlişkin Metaforik Algılar
Authors: ÇAPCIOĞLU Fatma , ÇAPCIOĞLU İhsan
Published: November 2022

Bu araştırma, geride bıraktığı 73 yıllık tecrübesiyle Türkiye’de ilahiyat alanının öncüsü Ankara İlahiyat’ın iç paydaşlarını oluşturan akademik ve idari personeli ile öğrencileri tarafından nasıl algılandığını metaforlar yoluyla tespit etmeye çalışmaktadır. Araştırmada, nitel araştırma desenlerinden “fenomenoloji” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcılar 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Ankara Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi’nin 3. ve 4. sınıf öğrencileri ile fakültede görev yapan akademik ve idari personelden oluşmaktadır. Ölçüt (kriter) örnekleme ile belirlenen katılımcılara Nisan-Haziran 2022 tarihleri arasında uygulanmak üzere “Ankara İlahiyat… gibidir, çünkü...” cümlesini doldurmaları istenen bir araştırma formu gönderilmiştir. 259 katılımcının 145 kategoride üretmiş olduğu metaforlar “Köklü Tarihi, Akademik Bakış Açısı, Kendine Özgü Tarzı, Samimi Ortamı, İşlevselliği, İmajı ve Emek İsteyen Süreci” şeklinde toplam 7 tema altında sunulmuştur. En çok tekrarlanan on bir metafor çınar (f18), aile (f13), güneş (f13), yuva (f11), ev (f10), gökkuşağı (f7), ağaç/orman (f7), ana/anne (f5), deniz (f5), kitap (5) ve toprak (f5) metaforlarıdır. Araştırma bulgularına göre akademik personel çoğunlukla fakültenin köklü tarihi ve akademik bakış açısını; idari personel ise samimi ve huzurlu çalışma ortamını vurgulamıştır. Öğrencilerin ürettiği metaforlar ise temalar arasında görece dengeli şekilde dağılmaktadır. Katılımcılar dışarıdan farklı görülen ve kimi çevreler tarafından eleştirilen fakültenin, içeriden tanındığında vazgeçilemeyen yönünü, yol gösteren ve dönüştüren etki gücünü, farklılıklara hoşgörülü demokratik ortamını ve zorlu ancak zevkli eğitim/öğretim sürecini de ön plana çıkarmışlardır. Ayrıca literatürde fakülte ve üniversite kavramları için sıkça kullanılan hapishane metaforunun araştırmada hiç kullanılmamış olması ve olumsuz olarak nitelenen sadece bir metaforun bulunması, “Ankara İlahiyat” nitelemesinin mensuplarınca olumlu bir şekilde algılandığını göstermektedir. Bu durum, kurum kültürünün oluşturulması, kuruma yeni katılanlara ve gelecek nesillere aktarılması amacıyla, kurumların olumlu özelliklerini ön plana çıkaran nitelemelerin oldukça faydalı olabileceğinin bir kanıtı olarak yorumlanabilir.
Mebdeʾ ve Meʿād: Kelam İlmi ve Modern Kozmoloji Açısından Evrenin Başlangıcı ve Sonu
Authors: BULGEN Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Evrenin (ʿālem) başlangıcı (mebdeʾ) ve sonuna (meʿād) yönelik tartışmalar erken dönemlerden itibaren kelam ilminin meşgul olduğu konular arasındadır. Kelamcılar geliştirdikleri kavram ve kuramlarla evrenin bir başlangıcı olduğu gibi bir sonunun da olabileceğini ispat etmeye çalıştılar. Geçtiğimiz yüzyılda evrenin kökeni ve gelişimini araştıran bilimsel kozmolojinin ortaya çıkışı evrenin başlangıcı ve sonuna yönelik bilimsel teorilerin gündeme gelmesini sağladı. Bu bağlamda Büyük Patlama Teorisi evrenin bir başlangıcı olduğunu ima ederken, termodinamiğin ikinci yasası ekseninde geliştirilen entropi kuramı ise evrenin bir sonu olduğu görüşünü gündeme getirdi. Bu çalışmada geçmişte kelamcıların evrenin başlangıcı ve sonu meselesini hangi kavram ve kuramlardan hareketle savundukları ortaya koyulacak ve ardından onların görüşlerinin modern kozmoloji açısından değerlendirilmesi yapılacaktır. Kelam ilminin gerek klasik dönemde gerekse günümüzde yaygın olarak paylaşılan tanımlarından birinin “mebdeʾ ve meʿād itibariyle evreni inceleyen bir ilim” olduğu dikkate alındığında çalışmanın kelam ilmine ayırt edici özelliğini veren bu yönünün günümüz açısından nasıl ele alınabileceği konusunda bir fikir vermesi beklenebilir. Kelamcıların geçmişte evrenin başlangıcı ve sonunu felsefî kavram ve kuramlarla tartışmış olmaları, günümüz kelamında da felsefî ve bilimsel kuramların bu türden konularda kullanılmasını meşru kılmaktadır. Bu bağlamda makalenin kelam ilminin güncellenmesine katkı yapması umulmaktadır.
Tācuddīn el-Kürdī Gerçekte Tācuddīn es-Sulṭānyūkī Olabilir mi? Biyo-Bibliyografik Veriler Işığında Beylikler Dönemi İlim Hayatına Dair Bir Tahlil
Authors: KALAYCI Mehmet
Published: November 2022

Orhan Bey’in fethi sonrasında İznik’te kurulan medrese, Osmanlı hakimiyetindeki coğrafyada faaliyete giren ilk medresedir. Bu durum, Osmanlı ilim ve düşünce hayatı bakımından İznik şehrine ve buradaki medreseye merkezî bir fonksiyonun atfedilmesini beraberinde getirmiştir. İznik’in bunu fazlasıyla hak ettiğinde kuşku yoktur. Lakin Osmanlı’nın bir beylik olarak başlayan serüveninin zamanla Anadolu’nun tamamına şamil büyük bir devlet tecrübesine dönüşmesi, Anadolu’nun Osmanlı öncesi entelektüel hikayesinin Osmanlı üzerinden ve geriye dönük bir şekilde anlaşılmasına neden olmuştur. Bu ise Anadolu’nun Osmanlı öncesi hikayesini perdelemekle kalmamış, aynı zamanda Osmanlı’nın vücuda geldiği entelektüel iklimin anlaşılmasını da zorlaştırmıştır. Halbuki Anadolu Selçukluları ve Beylikler döneminde, Anadolu’da her biri İznik gibi hatta belki daha önemli ilim merkezleri söz konusudur. Bu durum, 8./14. yüzyıl Anadolu’sunu Osmanlı’ya inhisar etmeden, kendi tarihsel ve düşünsel hafızası üzerinden tahlil etmeyi gerektirmektedir. Bunun imkanı yazma eserlerin sunduğu çok yönlü biyo-bibliyografik veride saklıdır ki bu yazı ağırlıklı olarak bu türden veriler üzerinden şekillenmiştir. Yazının temel problematiğini her ikisi de aynı zaman diliminde Anadolu’da yaşadığı tespit edilen Tācuddīn lakaplı iki kişinin aynı kişi olup olmama ihtimali oluşturmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki, Osmanlı kroniklerinde İznik Medresesi’nin ikinci müderrisi olarak zikredilen Tācuddīn el-Kürdī, diğeri de İbn Baṭṭūṭa’nın Kastamonu’da görüştüğü ve döneminin büyük alimlerinden olarak bahsettiği Tācuddīn es-Sulṭānyūkī’dir. Bu iki isim terkibine ilişkin bir müddettir sürdürdüğümüz tetkikler sonucunda bulabildiğimiz biyografik ve bibliyografik verilerin Ḥanefīlik merkezli kesişmesi, bizi, bunların gerçekte aynı kişi olabileceği düşüncesine sevk etti. Yazıda önce her iki isim terkibine dair tespit edebildiğimiz verileri müstakil başlıklar altında ele aldık, ardından da bu veriler üzerinden bütünleşik bir okumanın imkanını analiz ettik. Gerek veri toplama gerekse yazım sürecinde karşılaşılan biyografik ve bibliyografik veriler, Beylikler dönemi Anadolu’sunda fıkıh merkezli esaslı bir kitabi kültürün dolaşımda olduğunu görebilmemize imkan tanıdı. Bu ise nihayetinde bizi, ilgili dönemin din ve düşünce hayatını daha çok şifahi kültür ve tasavvufi yönelimler üzerinden tartıya vuran tarih okumalarına karşı ihtiyatlı olunması gerektiği düşüncesine sevk etti.
İsmail Hakkı İzmirli’nin Burdur’a Yazdığı İlmî Bir Mektup
Authors: ERUL Bünyamin
Published: November 2022

Bu yazıda İzmirli İsmail Hakkı’nın (1869-1946) Mehmed Said Hatiboğlu arşivinde bulunan bir mektubu neşredilmiştir. 29.6.1939 tarihli mektup Burdur Müftüsü Mehmet Re’fet Efendi’nin (1879-1945) iki talebesine hitaben kaleme alınmıştır. İzmirli’nin yazdıklarından, Mehmet Re’fet Efendi’nin kendisinden İbn Ḥazm’ın (ö. 456/1064) el-Muḥallā isimli eserinin ribā bahsinin tercümesini talep ettiği anlaşılmaktadır. İsmail Hakkı, meşguliyeti dolayısıyla bu isteği yerine getiremeyeceğini ifade etmekle birlikte mektubunda İbn Ḥazm’ın Ebū Ḥanīfe’ye (ö. 150/767) ve Hanefīlere yönelttiği eleştirileri değerlendirmiştir. Bu çalışmada bir reddiye hüviyetinde olan mektup, atıf yapılan ayet, hadis ve kaynaklar tahric edilerek yayınlanmıştır.
Propuesta de intervención: mutismo selectivo en el desarrollo cognitivo con una estudiante de cuarto año de básica elemental
Authors: Paguay Chuqui Norma Viviana , Macas Gutama Erika Faviola , Miranda Cáceres Diana del Rocío , Solís López Daniela Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Introducción. Se describe un caso de una niña de 7 años y 6 meses de edad, que presenta dificultades en el desarrollo aprendizaje y problemas relacionados con el área madurativa en sus habilidades habituales especialmente en el lenguaje y la comunicación. Objetivo. Caracterizar el mutismo selectivo y el desarrollo cognitivo en una estudiante de cuarto año de Educación Básica, por medio del análisis documental para crear estrategias de intervención áulica. Detallar las dificultades que genera el mutismo selectivo en la conducta y el rendimiento académico. Explicar las actividades utilizadas en el aula para solventar las dificultades encontradas en el estudio de caso. Siendo que, en la sociedad actual, es necesario reflexionar sobre los problemas sociales que existen en ciertos niños, en la metodología se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, mientras la modalidad fue de campo, bibliográfica, integró los niveles exploratorio y descriptivo, las técnicas utilizadas fueron la ficha de observación aplicada a la niña junto con la entrevista dirigida a la madre de familia y la docente. En el resultado se obtiene que el mutismo selectivo genera un trastorno de la conducta que afecta a la competencia lingüística; al respecto, se mediante la aplicación de actividades lúdicas y dinámicas se logró un refuerzo positivo en la articulación, el ritmo, y el habla; además benefició en la socialización, el trabajo colaborativo y cooperativo, promoviendo la mejor respuesta educativa.
Analisis Perancangan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Pencatatan Dan Pengelolaan Keuangan Pada Yayasan Panti Asuhan Harapan Karomah
Authors: Yunita Linda , Neneng Neneng , Isnain Auliya Rahman , Dellia Prita
Published: November 2022

Yayasan Panti Asuahan Hrapan Karomah is a social institution or non-profit institution that has the responsibility to provide social welfare services to the children of the residents of the orphanage. Therefore, the manager of the orphanage must be able to manage the orphanage properly, one of which is in terms of financial management. Currently, the Harapan Karamah orphanage is in the process of recording both revenues and expenses using a manual system. A manual system causes many errors of risks. Therefore, to minimize the risks that exist and also facilitate the financial management of the orphanage, a computerized information system is needed. In addition, it can also make it easier for the manager of the orphanage and also donors to monitor and evaluate the orphanage's finances which can be accessed quickly and at any time. This study aims to create a website-based financial administration information system. The software development method used is the Waterfall method which includes requirements analysis, system design, implementation, testing, and system maintenance. The development of this system uses the PHP programming language, MySQL database, and the CodeIgniter framework. The result of this research is an information system that can be used to process data and financial data reports. Based on the test results, the system being developed can run according to its function.
Contribution of Social Identity, Stereotypes and Prejudice on Intention of Social Conflict
Authors: Hadi Suyono  , Nirwanasari Yuni
Published: November 2022

The intention to accurately predict the performance of social conflict behavior is influenced by stereotypes, social identity, and prejudice. Based on the dynamics of the relationship, this research aims to find the relationship between stereotypes, social identity, and prejudice with the intention of doing social conflict. Based on the analysis result, intentions are useful for preventing social conflict. This study used purposive sampling with the participants of 150 students in the 10th grade of State Senior High School (SMAN) 1 Belitang in East Oku Regency, South Sumatra Province. The research data were collected using a social conflict intention scale with a total of 21 items with the item determinant (rit) ranging from 0.274-0.777, a stereotypes scale with a total of 24 items ranging from 0.291 to 0.841, a social identity scale with a total of 21 items ranging from 0.290 to 0.897, and a prejudice scale with a total of 21 items ranging from 0.400. -0.796. The results of data analysis using multiple linear regression showed that the correlation coefficient of R is 0.269 with the p = 0.000 (p <0.05), which showed a significant positive relationship between stereotypes, social identity, and prejudice with the intention of social conflict. Based on the research results, the intention of a social conflict occurs because of stereotypes in which people give negative attributes or traits to other parties, social identity that causes bias to judge other groups, and prejudice that causes hostility to members of other groups. These findings can be used for conflict prevention by minimizing the intention of social conflict by changing stereotypes into positive judgment, knowing that social identity does not affect the objective judgment of other groups, and reducing prejudice so that a peaceful situation can be realized.
Indonesian Students' Psychological Well-Being in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Rahmatullah Azam Syukur Rahmatullah , Azhar Muhammad , Marpuah Siti
Published: November 2022

This qualitative study aims to determine and analyze Indonesian students' psychological well-being in Turkey. In addition, it is intended to explore students' experiences when studying in Turkey and reveal what and how vigorous efforts were made to adapt to a new country. The research approach used was phenomenology, which pays more attention to the individual's subjective experience. The researchers then interviewed students who had just lived in Turkey for one year and students who had been in Turkey for more than one year. Hopefully, it could be explored more in aspects of the psychological well-being of students studying in Turkey. The study results highlighted that several elements affected students' psychological well-being during the adaptation period in Turkey, including different food, a quite complicated language to learn, different weather, association with international students, and not easy adaptation on campus. Furthermore, self-defense efforts to stay strong and motivated by new students in Turkey comprised of holding motivational halaqah, visits (monitoring) to new students' residences, maximizing WhatsApp groups, and bringing in motivators from outside.
Screening strategy for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Zhang Saisai , Mak Lung-Yi , Yuen Man-Fung , Seto Wai-Kay
Published: November 2022

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease, affecting approximately 25% of the general population worldwide, and is forecasted to increase global health burden in the 21st century. With the advancement of non-invasive tests for assessing and monitoring of steatosis and fibrosis, NAFLD screening is now feasible, and is increasingly highlighted in international guidelines related to hepatology, endocrinology, and pediatrics. Identifying high-risk populations (e.g., diabetes mellitus, obesity, metabolic syndrome) based on risk factors and metabolic characteristics for non-invasive screening is crucial and may aid in designing screening strategies to be more precise and effective. Many screening modalities are currently available, from serum-based methods to ultrasonography, transient elastography, and magnetic resonance imaging, although the diagnostic performance, cost, and accessibility of different methods may impact the actual implementation. A two-step assessment with serum-based fibrosis-4 index followed by imaging test vibration-controlled transient elastography can be an option to stratify the risk of liverrelated complications in NAFLD. There is a need for fibrosis surveillance, as well as investigating the cost-effectiveness of different screening algorithms and engaging primary care for first-stage triage screening.
Personalised Medicine with Companion Diagnostics: The Intercept of Medicines and Medical Devices in the Regulatory Landscape
Authors: Craig Amanda
Published: November 2022

Personalised medicine, with the aid of companion diagnostics, is a burgeoning field. The potential benefits of personalised medicine with regard to improved patient outcomes and reducing healthcare burden are recognised, but there remains obstacles that may limit growth in this area. Limitations include the current regulatory framework in many areas, in which the pharmaceutical is identified as a medicine, whilst the companion diagnostics are identified as a medical device; thus the two components may be governed and assessed by differing bodies and processes. This in turn results in disparity in approval times, patent and intellectual property claims, and reimbursement. Regulatory agencies are working together with industry and academia towards bridging these gaps, with significant inroads seen across the globe.
The Prevalence of Item Construction Flaws in Medical School Examinations and Innovative Recommendations for Improvement
Authors: D. Royal Kenneth , Hedgpeth Mari-Wells
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to calculate the prevalence and nature of item construction flaws within one large medical school and to identify several innovative approaches that may serve as potential remedies for these problems. Results indicated that approximately one in five items contained a construction flaw, with the overwhelming majority of flaws involving poor quality distractors. A series of innovative recommendations are presented, including modern psychometric analytical techniques to more thoroughly inspect data, item manipulation techniques, and the use of innovative item types that may alleviate the need for distractors altogether.
Repair of Congenital Heart Defects: Essentials for the Adult Cardiologist
Authors: Constantine Andrew H. , Ling Heng Ee , Afzal Sohaib Syed M.
Published: November 2022

Congenital heart disease represents the most prevalent birth defect, and surgical and interventional advances have translated to a burgeoning adult population of patients. Timely, tailored, and lesion-specific interventions are necessary to optimise long-term outcomes for this complex, heterogeneous patient cohort. We present a review of the most common defects which may be encountered in general adult cardiology. Particular focus is paid to the recommended interventional options and associated complications for each condition in line with European and American guidelines.