bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Sharing Economy in China’s Aging Industry: Applications, Challenges, and Recommendations
Authors: Hu Yaolin , Wang Jian , Nicholas Stephen , Maitland Elizabeth
Published: July 2021

Background

All aging societies face the challenge of allocating limited resources for the highest value of use. The sharing economy provides one method to address the imbalance between the demand and supply of health services to the older adult population. With a substantial aging population, China’s practices in the sharing aging industry may set examples for other “getting old before getting rich” countries.

Objective

There is a gap in both the data and research on China’s aging industry sharing economy. This paper addresses these data and research lacunae by constructing a framework for the application of a sharing model in China’s aging industry, by assessing the current state of the aging industry sharing economy, by setting out the challenges to the sharing aging health care and service economy, and by making recommendations for the development of the aging industry sharing economy.

Methods

This paper constructs a sharing economy framework in the aging industry covering four aspects (people, facilities, capital, and information) to test the current state and future prospects of China’s aging industry sharing economy.

Results

In people sharing, we analyzed the sharing of emotional companionship, doctors, nurses, nursing attendants, and domestic helpers. We discussed facility sharing models from the point of land and housing, medical devices, and other items such as pensioner meals and shared medicine bins. We acknowledge that crowdfunding platforms have developed fast in China, but many older adult users faced problems in their operation. Information sharing is a developing field, which can optimize users’ experiences and should help older adults filter out misinformation, but China currently does not have adequate sharing information platforms for older adults.

Conclusions

We identified four major challenges in China’s aging industry sharing economy: poor adaptability to technology for older adults, mediocre quality of shared services, one-size-fits-all and the concept of the useless elderly, and shortage of qualified practitioners. We make recommendations for specific measures by governments, communities, and enterprises to improve the sharing economy in the aging industry.
Mental Health Care Professionals’ Appraisal of Patients’ Use of Web-Based Access to Their Electronic Health Record: Qualitative Study
Authors: van Rijt Antonius Mattheus , Hulter Pauline , Weggelaar-Jansen Anne Marie , Ahaus Kees , Pluut Bettine
Published: July 2021

Background

Patients in a range of health care sectors can access their medical health records using a patient portal. In mental health care, the use of patient portals among mental health care professionals remains low. Mental health care professionals are concerned that patient access to electronic health records (EHRs) will negatively affect the patient’s well-being and privacy as well as the professional’s own workload.

Objective

This study aims to provide insights into the appraisal work of mental health care professionals to assess and understand patient access to their EHRs through a patient portal.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative study that included 10 semistructured interviews (n=11) and a focus group (n=10). Participants in both the interviews and the focus group were mental health care professionals from different professional backgrounds and staff employees (eg, team leaders and communication advisors). We collected data on their opinions and experiences with the recently implemented patient portal and their attempts to modify work practices.

Results

Our study provides insights into mental health care professionals’ appraisal work to assess and understand patient access to the EHR through a patient portal. A total of four topics emerged from our data analysis: appraising the effect on the patient-professional relationship, appraising the challenge of sharing and registering delicate information, appraising patient vulnerability, and redefining consultation routines and registration practices.

Conclusions

Mental health care professionals struggle with the effects of web-based patient access and are searching for the best ways to modify their registration and consultation practices. Our participants seem to appraise the effects of web-based patient access individually. Our study signals the lack of systematization and communal appraisal. It also suggests various solutions to the challenges faced by mental health care professionals. To optimize the effects of web-based patient access to EHRs, mental health care professionals need to be involved in the process of developing, implementing, and embedding patient portals.
Building Primary Health Care Personnel’s Support for a Patient Portal While Alleviating eHealth-Related Stress: Survey Study
Authors: Hörhammer Iiris , Kujala Sari , Hilama Pirjo , Heponiemi Tarja
Published: July 2021

Background

Health care personnel’s (HCP) engagement in patient portal implementation is necessary in embedding the use of the portal in everyday practices of a health care organization. While portal implementation may raise personnel’s positive expectations of the benefits in patient care, it is often also stressful for them due to increased workloads and disruptions in clinical workflows. An understanding of social and technical factors that build personnel’s support for patient portal implementation and alleviate their eHealth-related stress is therefore needed to realize the full potential of portals.

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the influence of managerial implementation practices, information technology (IT) usability, and personnel’s eHealth competences on support for patient portal implementation and eHealth-related stress among primary HCP.

Methods

The data were collected through a survey of 919 members at 2 health organizations in Finland. Linear and logistic regression models were fitted to study the associations between the variables.

Results

Professionals’ eHealth competence (β=.15, P<.001), usability (β=.11, P<.001), and implementation practices (β=.07, P<.001) were positively associated with professionals’ support and negatively associated with professionals eHealth-related stress (β=−.07, P=.010; β=−.27, P<.001; and β=−.14, P<.001, respectively). Professionals’ support was associated with their promotion of the portal to the patients (odds ratio 1.22, 95% CI 1.07-1.40).

Conclusions

The adoption of appropriate implementation practices and the usability of the technology can build personnel’s support for a patient portal and alleviate their stress related to eHealth. Personnel’s support is manifested in their promotion of the portal to patients. Health care managers are encouraged to consider the usability of the technology and the good implementation practices, such as proper informing, engagement of the personnel in planning the services, and allocation of resources to improve eHealth competence, as prerequisites for meaningful and sustainable use of patient portals.
Adherence to Telemonitoring Therapy for Medicaid Patients With Hypertension: Case Study
Authors: Park Sulki , Kum Hye-Chung , Morrisey Michael A , Zheng Qi , Lawley Mark A
Published: July 2021

Background

Almost 50% of the adults in the United States have hypertension. Although clinical trials indicate that home blood pressure monitoring can be effective in managing hypertension, the reported results might not materialize in practice because of patient adherence problems.

Objective

The aims of this study are to characterize the adherence of Medicaid patients with hypertension to daily telemonitoring, identify the impacts of adherence reminder calls, and investigate associations with blood pressure control.

Methods

This study targeted Medicaid patients with hypertension from the state of Texas. A total of 180 days of blood pressure and pulse data in 2016-2018 from a telemonitoring company were analyzed for mean transmission rate and mean blood pressure change. The first 30 days of data were excluded because of startup effects. The protocols required the patients to transmit readings by a specified time daily. Patients not transmitting their readings received an adherence reminder call to troubleshoot problems and encourage transmission. The patients were classified into adherent and nonadherent cohorts; adherent patients were those who transmitted data on at least 80% of the days.

Results

The mean patient age was 73.2 (SD 11.7) years. Of the 823 patients, 536 (65.1%) were women, and 660 (80.2%) were urban residents. The adherent cohort (475/823, 57.7%) had mean transmission rates of 74.9% before the adherence reminder call and 91.3% after the call, whereas the nonadherent cohort (348/823, 42.3%) had mean transmission rates of 39% and 58% before and after the call, respectively. From month 1 to month 5, the transmission rates dropped by 1.9% and 10.2% for the adherent and nonadherent cohorts, respectively. The systolic and diastolic blood pressure values improved by an average of 2.2 and 0.7 mm Hg (P<.001 and P=.004), respectively, for the adherent cohort during the study period, whereas only the systolic blood pressure value improved by an average of 1.6 mm Hg (P=.02) for the nonadherent cohort.

Conclusions

Although we found that patients can achieve high levels of adherence, many experience adherence problems. Although adherence reminder calls help, they may not be sufficient. Telemonitoring lowered blood pressure, as has been observed in clinical trials. Furthermore, blood pressure control was positively associated with adherence.
The Application of a Case-Based Social Media–Assisted Teaching Method in Cariology Education：Comparative Study
Authors: Li Li , Liu Xiaobin , Chen Zeyuan , Wang Liyuan , Lian Xiaoli , Zou Huiru
Published: July 2021

Background

Current cariology education based on the traditional teaching method faces a lot of challenges. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented disruption in medical education and health care systems worldwide. Innovation in the teaching mode of cariology education is required to change the situation.

Objective

The goal of the research was to evaluate the application effects of a case-based social media–assisted teaching method in cariology education.

Methods

Dental students of class 2019 were enrolled into the experimental group, while students of class 2018 served as control. A case-based social media–assisted teaching method was used in the experimental group, which included preclass activity via social media, additional discussion and practice process record in class, and questions and answers on the platform after class. The traditional teaching method, which consisted of conventional preparation before class, traditional lectures and demonstrations followed by students practice in class, and questions and answers step after class, was used in the control group. The teaching materials were the same in both groups. At the end of the program, students from both groups took cavity preparation skill evaluation tests. Questionnaires were tested on the case-based social media–assisted teaching group students anonymously. All data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software (version 22.0, IBM Corp).

Results

The mean student cavity preparation skill evaluation scores was 82.51 (SD 6.82) in the experimental group and 77.19 (SD 5.98) in the control group (P<.05). The questionnaire response rate was 100%. Of those, 94.3% (100/106) of the students recommended the case-based social media–assisted teaching method in cariology education. The majority of the participants agreed that it helped them memorize the theoretical knowledge of cariology, facilitated in-depth discussion, improved their enthusiasm and initiative in learning, and enhanced the relationship between teachers and students (104/106, 98.1%). They also recognized that the classroom atmosphere was active (94/106, 88.7%).

Conclusions

The case-based social media–assisted teaching method was beneficial in terms of learning, as demonstrated by the statistically significant improvement of the cavity preparation skill evaluation scores and satisfaction from attending students. This method could be used to supplement the teaching of cariology.
Psychoeducational Interventions for Caregivers of Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Protocol for a Randomized Trial
Authors: Douglas Sara L , Plow Matthew , Packer Tanya , Lipson Amy R , Lehman Michelle J
Published: July 2021

Background

Of the approximately 1 million people living with multiple sclerosis in the United States, more than half receive informal, unpaid care or support from family or friends (caregivers). These caregivers report high levels of stress, anxiety, and negative emotions. Few researchers have conducted psychoeducational interventions for these caregivers.

Objective

This paper presents a protocol for a randomized clinical trial that aims to test the efficacy of two interventions for improving stress, anxiety, depression, and negative emotions for caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis.

Methods

Participants included any self-identified family or friend caregiver of a person with multiple sclerosis. Data collection began in April 2021 and is expected to continue until November 2021. Participants will be randomized to receive either a website-only or a website-coaching intervention delivered for 6 weeks. Data will be collected at baseline, 6 weeks after baseline (after delivery of intervention), and 6 weeks later.

Results

The protocol was approved by the institutional review board of the Case Western Reserve University on January 21, 2021 (protocol 20201484). As of May 2021, 66 participants were enrolled.

Conclusions

Our findings will have implications for identifying the efficacy of two types of interventions developed for caregivers of persons with multiple sclerosis to reduce negative psychological outcomes associated with caregiving.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04662008; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04662008

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/30617
Continuous User Experience Monitoring of a Patient-Completed Preoperative Assessment System in the United Kingdom: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Maramba Inocencio Daniel , Chatterjee Arunangsu
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Anesthetic preoperative assessment (POA) is now a common part of the surgical care pathway, and guidelines support its routine use. MyPreOp (Ultramed Ltd) is a web-based POA system that enables remote assessments. Usability is a key factor in the success of digital health solutions.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the usability of the MyPreOp system through patient feedback, investigate the amount of time it took for patients to complete the POA questionnaire and the factors that influenced completion time, and explore the effect on completion times of implementing a validated eHealth usability scale, as compared to using a simple but unvalidated usability evaluation scale, and to test the feasibility of administering a more detailed usability evaluation scale in a staggered manner so as not to unduly increase completion times.

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study, anonymized data sets were extracted from the MyPreOp system. The participants were adults (aged ≥18 years), scheduled for nonurgent surgical procedures performed in hospitals in the United Kingdom, who gave consent for their anonymized data to be analyzed. Data collected included age, gender, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) physical classification status, and completion time. Two user experience evaluations were used: in Phase 1, 2 questions asking about overall experience and ease of use, and in Phase 2, a previously validated usability questionnaire, with its 20 questions equally distributed among 5 succeeding patient cohorts. There were 2593 respondents in total (Phase 1: n=1193; Phase 2: n=1400). The median age of the participants was 46 years, and 1520 (58.62%) of the 2593 respondents were female. End points measured were the median completion times in Phase I and Phase II. The data were collected by extracting a subset of records from the database and exported to a spreadsheet for analysis (Excel, Microsoft Corporation). The data were analyzed for differences in completion times between Phase I and Phase II, as well as for differences between age groups, genders, and ASA classifications.

RESULTS

MyPreOp scored well in usability in both phases. In Phase 1, 81.64% (974/1193) of respondents had a good or better experience, and 93.8% (1119/1193) found it easy to use. The usability rating in Phase 2 was 4.13 out of a maximum of 5, indicating high usability. The median completion time was 40.4 minutes. The implementation of the longer usability evaluation scale in Phase 2 did not negatively impact the completion times. Age and ASA physical status were found to be moderately associated with increased completion times.

CONCLUSIONS

MyPreOp rates high in both user experience and usability. The method of dividing the questionnaire into 5 blocks is valid and does not negatively affect completion times. Further research into the factors affecting completion time is recommended.
Einführung
Authors: Hofstetter Simon
Published: July 2021

Sie, geschätzte Interessierte, lesen die mittlerweile vierte Ausgabe des «Jahrbuchs Diakonie Schweiz», das auf dem online-Publikationssystem Bern Open Publishing (BOP Serials) der Universität Bern erscheint. Die vorliegende Ausgabe des Jahrbuchs ist wiederum breit aufgestellt. Sie enthält erneut diakoniewissenschaftliche Beiträge mit unterschiedlichen Schwerpunktsetzungen – dazu gehören etwa auch Beiträge aus Anlass von Fachtagungen sowie von bei der Dozentur geschriebenen Masterarbeiten (vgl. Kap. IV); aus gegebenem Anlass bestehen in der vorliegenden Ausgabe des Jahrbuchs eigenständige Kapitel mit Beiträgen zum zehn Jahre Jubiläum der Dozentur (vgl. Kap. I) sowie zum diakonischen Umgang mit den Herausforderungen der Corona-Pandemie (vgl. Kap. III). Erfreulicherweise können wir im vorliegenden Jahrbuch wertvolle Beiträge aufnehmen, die im Rahmen einer Online-Tagung mit dem Titel «Neue Wege mit den Toten. Bestattungspraxis im Wandel» gehalten worden sind (vgl. Kap. II). Die Tagung fand am 29. / 30. Januar 2021 statt und wurde vom Kompetenzzentrum Liturgik der Theologischen Fakultät der Universität Bern in Zusammenarbeit mit den Reformierten Kirchen Bern-Jura-Solothurn durchgeführt.
Von hilflosen Bauern und mutigen Aktivistinnen
Authors: Knobel Isabelle
Published: July 2021

Der Beitrag «Von hilflosen Bauern und mutigen Aktivistinnen – Kirchliche Entwicklungszusammenarbeit postkolonial beleuchtet» von Isabelle Knobel basiert auf ihrer diakoniewissenschaftlichen Masterarbeit. Darin zeigte die Autorin auf, dass sich die postkolonialen Theorien gewinnbringend mit kirchlicher Entwicklungszusammenarbeit verbinden lassen. Postkoloniale Theorien können z.B. genutzt werden, um praxisfähige, kritische Analyseinstrumentarien zu entwickeln, mit denen die Arbeit kirchlicher Hilfswerke untersucht werden kann. In der Masterarbeit geschah eine solche Analyse anhand dreier Kampagnen des HEKS. Dabei wurde insbesondere nach den «Bildern» gefragt, die die Kampagnen von den Menschen in den Projektländern zeichnen. Grosse Unterschiede zeigten sich dabei: von hilflosen Bauern bis zu mutigen Aktivistinnen. Vielerorts ist in den Kampagnen bereits viel postkoloniale Sensibilität spürbar; es hat sich aber auch herausgestellt, dass teils noch Verbesserungspotential vorhanden ist. Denn auch unsere Gesellschaft ist noch heute geprägt von tiefsitzenden, kolonialen Denkmustern.
Liquide Bestattungskultur und Kirche
Authors: Plüss David
Published: July 2021

Die sich wandelnde Bestattungskultur ist bedingt durch gesellschaftliche und kulturelle Transformationsprozesse, die ihrerseits das Pfarramt und die Kirche verändern. In welche Richtungen und mit welchen Konsequenzen diese Veränderungen erfolgen, wird im Beitrag von David Plüss anhand von zwei Fallbeispielen untersucht und reflektiert.
Diakonie in Zeiten von Corona
Authors: Hofstetter Simon
Published: July 2021

Simon Hofstetter berichtet im Beitrag «Diakonie in Zeiten von Corona» über die im Rahmen der Konferenz Diakonie Schweiz der EKS durchgeführte Erhebung bei Sozialdiakon*innen und Pfarrpersonen nach dem ersten Lockdown im Sommer 2020. Die dargestellten Ergebnisse tragen dazu bei, das kirchliche Wirken in der Diakonie unter Pandemiebedingungen differenziert zu verstehen. Der Beitrag beleuchtet nicht nur die erfolgten Verschiebungen in den Angebotsstrukturen innerhalb der Kirchgemeinden, sondern auch neue Entwicklungen bezüglich der Kooperation innerhalb der jeweiligen Kirchgemeinden sowie gegenüber kirchlichen Partnern, Behörden und Akteuren der Zivilgesellschaft.
Karakteristik Fisik-Kimia Gelatin dari Kulit Ikan Patin, Ikan Nila, dan Ikan Tuna
Authors: Nurilmala Mala , Nasirullah Muh Tazri , Nurhayati Tati , Darmawan Noviyan
Published: July 2021

Gelatin merupakan produk hidrolisis kolagen yang memiliki sifat fungsional sehingga dapat digunakan di berbagai industri pangan dan non pangan. Karakteristik fisik-kimia gelatin dari berbagai jenis kulit ikan menjadi hal penting untuk diketahui karena dapat membuktikan kualitas gelatin yang dihasilkan sebagai pengganti kulit sapi dan babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik fisik dan kimia gelatin yang berasal dari jenis kulit ikan yang berbeda sehingga dapat menghasilkan gelatin yang memenuhi standar. Gelatin dihidrolisis menggunakan asam sitrat 0,2% dari berbagai jenis kulit ikan, di antaranya kulit ikan patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus), kulit ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus), dan kulit ikan tuna (Thunnus sp.). Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan uji lanjut Duncan. Gelatin yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan standar GMIA 2019 dan SNI 06-3735-1995. Perbedaan jenis kulit ikan berpengaruh terhadap rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kekuatan gel, dan setting point gelatin yang dihasilkan (p≤0,05), namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap derajat keasaman (pH) dan viskositas gelatin (p>0,05). Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah gelatin dari kulit ikan patin dengan rendemen 18,11%, kadar air 6,43%, kadar abu 0,39%, viskositas 61,66 mps, pH 5,56, kekuatan gel 204,01 bloom, dan setting point 18,5°C.
Struktur Komunitas Plankton pada Air Kolam Ikan Lele yang Berbeda Warna
Authors: Wijayanti Karunia Adetera Nungki , Murwantoko Murwantoko , Istiqomah Indah
Published: July 2021

Plankton dalam perairan memiliki peranan yang penting sebagai produsen serta penyuplai nutrisi maupun indikator lingkungan. Struktur komunitas dan faktor pendukung lingkungan berpengaruh terhadap keadaan ekosistem perairan budidaya serta pengaruhnya pada komoditas budidaya. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai struktur komunitas plankton pada air kolam lele yang berbeda warna. Kolam yang digunakan adalah kolam budidaya lele air hijau di Kalasan, cokelat di Prambanan, dan merah di Berbah, Sleman. Parameter kualitas air yang meliputi pH, suhu, bahan organik, dan oksigen terlarut diukur sebanyak 3 kali setiap 2 minggu sekali dan kadar nitrat, nitrit, amonia diukur pada saat awal sampling.  Pengambilan sampel plankton dilakukan dengan menggunakan plankton net sebanyak 3 kali setiap 2 minggu sekali. Jenis dan jumlah plankton diamati secara mikroskopis. Penentuan jenis plankton dilakukan dengan membandingkan ciri-ciri yang tampak dengan literatur. Dominansi plankton, diversitas plankton, kepadatan serta pengaruh kualitas air terhadap struktur komunitas plankton dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil pegamatan menunjukan plankton yang mendominansi adalah Chlorophyta dengan nilai indeks diversitas maupun dominansi di semua jenis kolam tergolong rendah-sedang. Berdasarkan uji statistik menunjukkan kualitas air yang berpengaruh terhadap struktur komunitas plankton adalah bahan organik, amonia, dan nitrit. Struktur komunitas plankton pada air kolam berbeda warna menunjukkan terdapat 15 filum yang terdiri dari 32 kelas. Plankton yang dominan pada kolam warna air hijau adalah Microcystis aeruginosa, sedangkan kolam cokelat dan merah adalah Chlorella varigatus. Nilai diversitas dan dominansi pada ketiga warna air cenderung stabil moderat, karena termasuk dalam kategori sedang yang menunjukan kondisi kolam tergolong stabil dan baik untuk budidaya.
CYP2 family: physiological enzymes subset in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Authors: Burns Kathryn , Helsby Nuala Ann
Published: July 2021

Compared to the other CYP2 family enzymes, this subset have physiological rather than drug metabolising enzyme activities.
Calcitonin receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Authors: Hay Debbie , Poyner David R. , Walker Christopher S.
Published: July 2021

This receptor family comprises a group of receptors for the calcitonin/CGRP family of peptides. The calcitonin (CT), amylin (AMY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and adrenomedullin (AM) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on CGRP, AM, AMY, and CT receptors [131, 74, 71]) are generated by the genes CALCR (which codes for the CT receptor) and CALCRL (which codes for the calcitonin receptor-like receptor, CLR, previously known as CRLR). Their function and pharmacology are altered in the presence of RAMPs (receptor activity-modifying proteins), which are single TM domain proteins of ca. 150 amino acids, identified as a family of three members; RAMP1, RAMP2 and RAMP3. There are splice variants of the CT receptor; these in turn produce variants of the AMY receptor [131], some of which can be potently activated by CGRP. The endogenous agonists are the peptides calcitonin, α-CGRP (formerly known as CGRP-I), β-CGRP (formerly known as CGRP-II), amylin (occasionally called islet-amyloid polypeptide, diabetes-associated polypeptide), adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin. There are species differences in peptide sequences, particularly for the CTs. CTR-stimulating peptide (CRSP) is another member of the family with selectivity for the CT receptor but it is not expressed in humans [94]. CLR (calcitonin receptor-like receptor) by itself binds no known endogenous ligand, but in the presence of RAMPs it gives receptors for CGRP, adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin 2/intermedin. There are several approved drugs that target this receptor family, such as pramlintide, erenumab, and the "gepant" class of CGRP receptor antagonists.
Acetylcholine receptors (muscarinic) in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Authors: Birdsall Nigel J. M. , Bradley Sophie , Brown David A. , Buckley Noel J. , Challiss R.A. John , Christopoulos Arthur , Eglen Richard M. , Ehlert Frederick , Felder Christian C. , Hammer Rudolf , Kilbinger Heinz J. , Lambrecht Günter , Langmead Chris , Mitchelson Fred , Mutschler Ernst , Nathanson Neil M. , Schwarz Roy D. , Thal David , Tobin Andrew B. , Valant Celine , Wess Jurgen
Published: July 2021

Muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors [50]) are activated by the endogenous agonist acetylcholine. All five (M1-M5) mAChRs are ubiquitously expressed in the human body and are therefore attractive targets for many disorders. Functionally, M1, M3, and M5 mAChRs preferentially couple to Gq/11 proteins, whilst M2 and M4 mAChRs predominantly couple to Gi/o proteins. Both agonists and antagonists of mAChRs are clinically approved drugs, including pilocarpine for the treatment of elevated intra-ocular pressure and glaucoma, and atropine for the treatment of bradycardia and poisoning by muscarinic agents such as organophosphates. I
Lysophospholipid (LPA) receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Authors: Blaho Victoria , Chun Jerold , Jones Danielle , Jonnalagadda Deepa , Kihara Yasuyuki , Ngo Tony , Ray Manisha , Tan Valerie P.
Published: July 2021

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptors (nomenclature as agreed by the NC-IUPHAR Subcommittee on Lysophospholipid Receptors [55, 19, 82, 129]) are activated by the endogenous phospholipid LPA. The first receptor, LPA1, was identified as ventricular zone gene-1 (vzg-1) [40], This discovery represented the beginning of the de-orphanisation of members of the endothelial differentiation gene (edg) family, as other LPA and sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) receptors were found. Five additional LPA receptors (LPA2,3,4,5,6) have since been identified [82] and their gene nomenclature codified for human LPAR1, LPAR2, etc. (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee, HGNC) and Lpar1, Lpar2, etc. for mice (Mouse Genome Informatics Database, MGI) to reflect species and receptor function of their corresponding proteins. The crystal structure of LPA1 is solved and indicates that LPA accesses the extracellular binding pocket, consistent with its proposed delivery via autotaxin [13]. These studies have also implicated cross-talk with endocannabinoids via phosphorylated intermediates that can also activate these receptors. The binding affinities to LPA1 of unlabeled, natural LPA and anandamide phosphate (AEAp) were measured using backscattering interferometry (pKd = 9) [83, 104]. Utilization of this method indicated affinities that were 77-fold lower than when measured using radioactivity-based protocols [128]. Targeted deletion of LPA receptors has clarified signalling pathways and identified physiological and pathophysiological roles. Multiple groups have independently published validation of all six LPA receptors described in these tables, and further validation was achieved using a distinct read-out via a novel TGFα "shedding* assay [48]. LPA LPA has been proposed to be a ligand for GPCR35 [94], supported by a recent study revealing that LPA modulates macrophage function through GPR35 [54]. However chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 17 (CXCL17) is reported to be a ligand for GPR35/CXCR8 [76]. Moreover, LPA has also been described as an agonist for the transient receptor potential (Trp) ion channels TRPV1 [87] and TRPA1 [58]. All of these proposed non-GPCR receptor identities require confirmation and are not currently recognized as bona fide LPA receptors.
Notch receptors in GtoPdb v.2021.2
Authors: Arumugam Thiruma V. , Sobey Christopher
Published: July 2021

Aberrant Notch signalling is implicated in a number of human cancers [18, 26, 13, 21], and there is intense pharmaceutical activity being directed towards achieving clinically effective Notch pathway inhibition [7, 16].
Design and Development of a Multi-Application Hexacopter
Authors: Chaudhary Satish
Published: July 2021

The technology of the fixed wing and the rotary wing unmanned aerial vehicles have been emerging and the applications have been focused widely to numerous regions. This paper focuses on some applications where we have tested our multicopter and in future the further improvement shall incorporate. Our main focus was to build an aerial Covid warrior considering mainly three different and useful applications particularly for remote village areas where many facilities are not always available. First application is the delivery of the medical supplies to the people in need. Second, use of the onboard speaker, which can relay valuable information during emergency or the valuable health related awareness remotely by respective department. And the third application is use of the sanitizer spray arrangement for the larger area disinfection. The prototype has been tested in a typical village area in different conditions and has provided required performance due to optimized design. This paper is to facilitate other users to explore the capabilities of the multicopters for any situations like we suggested with this project considering this pandemic.
Konseling untuk mengurangi inferioritas pada pasien skizofrenia
Authors: Triharsari Riski januar
Published: July 2021

Schizophrenia is a thought disorder that is not interconnected, the presence of erroneous perceptions, ﬂat affect, withdrawal from the social environment, and failed functioning of life. This study examines the effect of Adlerian counseling to reduce feelings of inferiority in Schizophrenic patients. The assessment method used in this study is interview, observation, psychological tests namely Graphics Test, SSCT, WWQ, TAT, and WAIS. The intervention was given using counseling with the Adler approach which consisted of nine sessions. The results of the intervention showed that the inferior subject could be reduced, which was indicated by no longer being ashamed to talk to women, being able to ﬁnd an understanding that he had implemented the wrong lifestyle all this time. Subjects also become more active.
ENGLISH WORD STRESS IN LONG-TERM LANGUAGE CONTACT
Authors:   TATIANA SHEVCHENKO Moscow State Linguistic University, SHEVCHENKO TATIANA
Published: July 2021

The paper summarizes the results of recent studies concerned with English accentual patterns dynamics in polysyllabic words, based on English and French language contact. Canadian English reflects the present-day situation of language contact. Intersection of a variety of tendencies is observed which are due to accentual assimilation in lexicon of Romance origin borrowed from French. The recessive and the rhythmical are the major ones in the historical perspective. The data collected in dictionaries are further supplied with sociocultural comments based on corpus and opinion survey cognitive analyses. The presence of rhythmical stress was discovered in British, American and Canadian Englishes with the growing tendency in compound words due to disappearing of the pattern with two equal stresses. The tendency is most vivid in bilingual speakers from the Province of Quebec who accentuate word-final syllable.
SPATIAL IMAGES EFFECT ON THE NARRATIVE ON CINEMATIC SPACES
Authors: HEKİMOĞLU Yasemin
Published: July 2021

Space design and its power to transfer the designed spaces with its users construct the cinema intertwined with architecture. In cinematic spaces where the transfer of emotions is important as well as the transfer of events, it is inevitable to use the perceptual features of the architecture together with the physical features. For this reason, spatial images used together with the physical parameters of the space also have an important place for the narrative in cinematic spaces.This study examines the interaction of architecture and cinema through traditional and contemporary structures used in the cinematic space. Rhapsody in August (Hachi-Gatsu no Rapusodî, 1991), selected as a case study, deals with the adaptation process of characters representing three generations after the Nagasaki atomic bomb event. In this paper, How the users in question use and transform the space are discussed and the what type of period of change they are going through with the structural and architectural features of the spaces is interpreted. At the same time, the images used in these spaces are analyzed and their effect on the narrative is discussed.The main purpose of the study is to make an architectural reading on the spaces used in the movie Rhapsody in August and to examine the effects of traditional and contemporary structures on characters and narration. The spaces examined in the film and the images revealed by the spatial elements correspond to the temporal expressions in the space and the case study reveals a discussion on this situation.
Exploring the use of positive humour as a tool in science communication: do science and non-science undergraduates differ in their receptiveness to humour in popular science articles?
Authors: Chan Alfred , Udalagama Chammika
Published: July 2021

This study aims to test for differences in the receptiveness of science and non-science undergraduates to positive, non-aggressive humour being used in a science article, as an exploration into the utilization of such humour as a tool for more engaging science communication. The majority of the 76 respondents to an online survey were generally receptive to such use, with some differences between the two groups. It was also noted that a receptiveness to such humour may not necessarily be associated with a receptiveness to its actual use in science articles.
Men’s Baldness Stigma and Body Dissatisfaction
Authors: Jankowski Glen , Sherwin Michael , Deighton-Smith Nova
Published: July 2021

Introduction: Head hair forms a central component of the sociocultural male appearance ideal (e.g., mesomorphic, tall, young and not bald) and carries masculine connotations and stigma. Immense pressures to conform to this male appearance ideal gives rise to body dissatisfaction. Previous assessments of body dissatisfaction are too narrow, ignoring dissatisfaction beyond mesomorphy such as baldness dissatisfaction. Our study involved two research questions: (i) Do the facial expressions assigned to images of bald and non-bald men differ? and (ii) What forms of body dissatisfaction, including baldness dissatisfaction, do men have and are these related to men’s wellbeing and muscularity behaviours?

Method: Eighty-six male participants aged 18–58 years (mean = 23.62; standard deviation = 7.80) were randomly exposed to 10 images of smiling men (half balding and half not) and were asked to rate the facial expression displayed. Participants also rated their body dissatisfaction and wellbeing. Ethics statement: Institutional ethics approval was granted.

Results: We found that participants interpreted the facial expressions of images of bald men slightly more negatively than non-bald men. Most participants reported some form of body dissatisfaction correlated with wellbeing and muscularity enhancing behaviours, albeit weakly. Participants also disclosed a range of body dissatisfaction aspects (including surrounding muscularity, body fat, teeth alignment, skin tone and facial hair amount) though generally were not impacted heavily nor highly dissatisfied.

Conclusion: These findings underscore the complex challenge in producing a complete assessment of men’s body dissatisfaction and the general resilience men experience with extant appearance pressures around their bodies and head hair.
Analisis perbedaan pengaruh kebijakan suku bunga bank sentral terhadap inflasi di Indonesia
Authors: Kezia Cristin , Amril Amril , Vyn Amzar Yohanes
Published: July 2021

The purposes of this study are (1) to analyze the effect of the BI rate on inflation (2) to analyze the effect of the BI 7 day reverse repo rate on inflation (3) to analyze the different effects of the BI rate and the BI 7 day reverse repo rate on inflation. The method used in this study uses secondary data sourced from Bank Indonesia and the Central Bureau of Statistics of the Indonesian financial economy. The analysis of this study with vector autoregressive (VAR) using the Eviews 10 software program, results of the study analyzed that the difference in the influence of the central bank's interest rate policy on inflation in Indonesia, that the BI rate of interest on inflation had a positive and significant effect with a benchmark of 5% or 0.005%, the analysis on the BI 7 day reverse repo rate is not significant at the benchmark of 5% or 0.005% but has a positive effect in reducing inflation in Indonesia which reflects price stability as the final target of monetary policy.
Keywords: BI rate, BI 7 day reverse repo rate, Inflation, Vector autoregressive (VAR)
Analisis impor beras Indonesia
Authors: Sani Yulia , Hodijah Siti , Rosmeli Rosmeli
Published: July 2021

This study aims to analyze the development of each variable and its effect on rice imports in Indonesia for the period 1998-2017. This research uses descriptive and quantitative analysis tools. The data used is time-series data or time series. To analyze this research, the "Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method was used. The results showed that the independent variables simultaneously had a significant effect on rice imports in Indonesia. Partially, the domestic rice price variable has a positive and significant effect on rice imports in Indonesia, the exchange rate variable has a negative and significant effect on rice imports in Indonesia and the GDP variable has a negative and significant effect on rice imports in Indonesia.
Keywords: Rice imports, Exchange rate, The price of rice
Analisis pengaruh pertumbuhan ekonomi, inflasi dan suku bunga terhadap pertumbuhan UMKM di Provinsi Jambi
Authors: Romadhoni Dian , Amril Amril , Emilia Emilia
Published: July 2021

This study entitled the analysis of economic growth, inflation, and interest rates on the development of MSMEs in Jambi Province. To analyze Indonesia's economic growth, inflation, and interest rates on the number of MSME business units in Jambi Province in 2003 – 2018. The analytical method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. Data processing is done by using multiple linear regression. The estimation results using the statistical f test show that all variables, namely economic growth, inflation, and Indonesian interest rates, together affect the development of MSMEs in Jambi Province, with statistical t-tests showing that economic growth variables have a significant effect on MSME growth in Jambi Province, inflation has a significant impact on the growth of MSMEs in Jambi Province, and Indonesian interest rates have a substantial impact on the development of MSMEs in Jambi Province.

Keywords: Economic growth, Inflation, Interest rates, MSME growth
Stock collapse and its effect on species interactions: cod and herring in the Norwegian-Barents Seas system as an example
Authors: Durant Joel , Aarvold Leana , Langangen Øystein
Published: July 2021

Both the Norwegian Spring Spawning herring (Clupea harengus) and the
Northeast Arctic cod (Gadus morhua) are examples of how the
overexploitation of marine fish populations was leading to a strong
reduction even so stock collapse, with a strong decline in the
associated fisheries, followed by a recovery. Cod and herring are both
part of the Barents Sea ecosystem, which experienced major warming
events in the early (1920-1940) and late 20th century. While the
collapse or near collapse of these stocks seems to be linked to
instability created by overfishing and climate, the difference of
population dynamics before and after is not fully understood. In
particular, it is unclear how the changes in population dynamics before
and after the collapses are associated with biotic interactions. The
combination of the availability of unique long-term time series for
herring and cod makes it a well-suited study system to investigate the
effects of collapse. We examine how species interactions may differently
affect the herring and cod population dynamic before and after a
collapse. Particularly we explore, using a GAM modelling approach, how
herring could affect cod and reciprocally. We found that the effect on
herring of cod biomass that was generally positive (i.e., covariation)
became negative after the collapse (i.e., predation or competition).
Likewise a change occurred for the cod, the juvenile herring biomass
that had no effect before the collapse had a negative one after. Our
results indicate that population collapses may lead to altered
inter-specific interactions as well as altered response to abiotic
environmental variations. While the stocks are at similar abundance
levels before and after the collapses the system is potentially
different in its functioning and may require different management
action.
Ability of B12N12 fullerènes like nano-cage for sensing and improving the antioxidant activity of juglone and its derivative: DFT investigation
Authors: Zoua Vincent de Paul , Fouegue Aymard , Mama Désiré , Ghogomu Julius , Ntieche Rahman Abdoul
Published: July 2021

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were adopted in this work
to investigate the ability of the B12N12 fullerene like nano-cage for
sensing juglone (Jug) and one of its derivative (Jug-OH) using DFT based
methods in gas phase, pentyl ethanoate (PE) and water. Results showed
that B12N12 is able to adsorbed Jug preferentially by binding to one of
the O-atom of its carbonyl groups. Based on NBO analysis, a charge
transfer from the oxygen atoms of Jug and Jug-OH to the anti-bonding
orbital of B was revealed. QTAIM analysis showed that the B12N12-Jug and
B12N12-Jug-OH complexes are stabilized by a partially covalent B-O bond
in addition to attractive non covalent interactions. The ability of Jug,
Jug-OH as well as their complexes A and A-OH to scavenge radicals has
been investigated via the usual hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) mechanism
in the three media of study previously stated. Theoretical results
revealed that in PE and water, the complexes are better antioxidant than
Jug and Jug-OH. These results provide fundamental knowledge for the
development of new antioxidant delivery careers.
Effects of Lake level changes on water quality and fisheries production of Lake Baringo, Kenya
Authors: Walumona Jacques , Arara Boaz , Ogombe Cyprian , Murakaru James , Raburu Phillip , Amisi Fabrice , Nyakeya Kobingi , Kondowe Benjamin
Published: July 2021

The study was conducted in Lake Baringo and determined quantitative
relationships between water level changes, water quality, and fishery
production for informed lake basin management. Long-term (2008 to 2020)
data on water level, water quality, and fisheries yields from Lake
Baringo were analyzed using a combination of statistical methods. Linear
and waveform regression analyses described patterns of lake level
fluctuations over time while, Pearson’s correlation determined the
concordance of lake level changes with water quality parameters,
landings, and condition of fish species. PCA results grouped the study
period into different years based on annual water quality variable
levels. LOWESS analysis showed the decline of annual lake level
amplitude over time with peak values in 1964 (8.6 m) and 2008 (9.4 m).
The waveform regression significantly modeled lake level fluctuations as
indexed by annual deviations from the long-term average (DLTM) and
showed a 20-year oscillation between peak water levels in the lake.
There were significant positive correlations of Water Level Fluctuations
(WLFs) with water quality variables and water quality index (WQI) in
Lake Baringo. Linear regression analyses showed a significant
concordance (p < 0.05) between the annual fishery yield and
the rising WLFs (r = 0.66). Overall, the results demonstrate that WLFs
of Lake Baringo are a driver of fish species biomass and
physico-chemical properties of the lake. We recommend the integration of
fisheries yields, water quality assessment, and WLFs modeling at
different temporal scales in the management of Afrotropical lake
ecosystems
Supporting Information for "Brownian Cargo Capture in Mazes via Intelligent Colloidal Microrobot Swarms"
Authors: Xu Kun , Yang Yuguang , Li Bo
Published: July 2021

This supporting information includes supplemental figures, movies,
additional results, and the pseudocode of breadth-first-search target
generation algorithm.

 Corresponding author Email: 
 yyang60@jhu.edu (Y.Y.)   
 libome@tsinghua.edu (B.L.)
Considering Dissemination
Authors: Farrell Hazel
Published: July 2021

The use of e-portfolio is becoming more widespread as an established practice in higher education with a growing body of research supporting the inherent deep learning benefits. It is espoused as an ideal pedagogical tool, conducive to student-centred learning where engagement and investment in the learning process are key. The recognition of learning beyond the classroom and appreciation of diverse, personalised approaches to learning are fundamental to this medium, and as such, the very basic premise of an e-portfolio functioning as a place to host information has been surpassed significantly.

 This is a report on the use of e-portfolio as a multifunctional tool for the music degree programme at Waterford Institute of Technology (WIT). While the primary purpose was the use of e-portfolio to create a collaborative yearbook for final year students, ultimately this expanded into the areas of marketing, recruitment, and staff professional development as a direct result of dissemination pathways. While the promotion of e-portfolio as a valuable pedagogical tool remains a priority, the specific possibilities for maximising the potential of the e-portfolio beyond the purposes of student-centred learning that emerged in this case gave rise to further thought on future creative applications.