bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الحلف الأطلسي ومستقبل التوازن العالمي: الشرق الأوسط إنموذجا
Authors: رفعت عباس سعدون
Published: November 2022

يعد الحلف الأطلسي واحدا من الاحلاف المهمة في النظام السياسي الدولي، ويهدف إلى حصول اعضاءه على مكانة افضل في النظام الدولي، من خلال تجميع وتنظيم قدرات اعضاءه، لقد طور الحلف إستراتيجيات للتوسع، في العضوية والادوار، بما يمكنه من تنفيذ غاياته عالميا، الا ان النظام الدولي اتجه نحو حصول تغيرات مهمة على علاقات القوة فيه، وهو ما يجعل الحلف امام اختبار حقيقي في اعادة الانتشار واعادة تهيئة نفسه لمهام التعامل مع التحولات المحتملة في النظام الدولي، وبضمنه استثمار الشرق الأوسط لتعزيز حضوره عالميا، وهو ما يركز عليه البحث.
التمكين السياسي للمرأة العراقية بعد عام 2005
Authors: Badrea Saleh Abdullah
Published: November 2022

لا يمكن للمجتمع أن يحقق التنمية الشاملة وبناء مجتمع جديد إذا لم يكن للمرأة دور في صناعة القرارات المتعلقة بحياتها الخاصة والعامة، وإذا لم تأخذ حصتها من الأعمال المهنية والإدارية والاقتصادية، وإذا لم تشـــارك في مؤســـسات الســـلطة وصنع القرار، وبعد التغيير الــسياسي فــي العراق عــام (2003)، بدأت مرحلة تطور ســـياســـية اجتماعية تعزز الأسس القانونية لنظام الدولة مع إقرار الدستور العراقي الدائم لعام (2005)، وذلك بالنص على نظام (الكوتا)، إذ شــاركت المرأة العراقية في الانتخابات البرلمانية منذ عام (2005) حتى عام (2021)، وأرى أنَّه مع المشاركة للمرأة العراقية ما تزال تعاني من تحديات عديدة تحول دون مشاركتها السياسية عموماً، وهناك عقبات تتصل بالمرأة نفسها، وعوامل متصلة بالمؤسسة السياسية وعوامل متصلة بطبيعة المجتمع والثقافة السائدة فيه، والأهم من ذلك أن الأحزاب السياسية المسيطرة غير جادة لتمكين النساء سياسيا.
العلاقات الروسية - اليابانية من عام 2000- 2020
Authors: حنان فالح حسن  , راغب فالح حسن
Published: November 2022

تطرقنا في بحثنا الموسوم ( العلاقات الروسية - اليابانية من عام2000_2020) إلى العوامل والمتغيرات الموثرة في العلاقات الروسية - اليابانية ، التي ابرزها العوامل والمتغيرات الداخلية منها العامل الجغرافي والتاريخي والمتغير الاقتصادي ، وما يخص المتغيرات الخارجية تناولنا متغير الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والصين ، وتم  تناول مجالات التعاون في العلاقات الروسية - اليابانية ما يخص المجال السياسي الذي شهد تحسن ملموس في عهد الرئيسيين الروسي (فلاديمير بوتين ) والياباني (شينزو آبي) ، والاقتصادي الذي تطور بشكل واضح بين البلدين ، وتم تقديم جانب مستقبلي للعلاقات بين البلدين في ظل بعض الظروف الشائكه مثل تطور العلاقات الروسية مع الصين العدو التاريخي لليابان والازمة الاوكرانية .
التحديات التي تواجه النظام السياسي بعد التغيير الثوري (العوامل الداخلية)
Authors: جبار اسماعيل عبد  , حسن هادي رشيد
Published: November 2022

كل تغيير وان كان طبيعيا فانه وبلا شك سيلاقي تحديات طبيعية او مصطنعة، فكيف بتغيير نظام سياسي كامل، وربما تتغير معه كل المؤسسات او باقل احتمال القيادات العليا، والتي كانت تحكم ربما لعقود طويلة، وانسجاما من تلك الرؤيا تم تقسيم هذه التحديات التي تم اقتصارها على التحديات الداخلية دون الخارجية، تطرقنا الى اهم التحديات منها ما له صلة بالثورة وطريقة ادارتها للوصول لمرحة الانجاز الكامل وتلافي عملية سرقة الثورة من جهات تنتمي للثورة او من خارجها من منتهزي الفرص، فضلا عن خطر الثورة المضادة من النظام الاسبق، وانتقلنا في المحور الثاني، لبيان تحديات لها جذور قديمة قبل التغيير مثل التحدي السياسي والامني والاقتصادي، واخرى حديثة من ذات هذه التحديات، التي اتت نتيجة هذا التغيير من داخل المحيط وفواعله، ومن القوى التي تأثرت او تخشى التأثير السلبي على مصالحها نتيجة هذا التغيير؛ ليتم تحريك الاشكاليات في هذه التحديات حتى قبل ان تكتمل الثورة.
الاحزاب اليمينية الشعبوية الاوربية المتطرفة الأيدولوجيات والسياسات
Authors: Khudhair Abbas Al Dahlaki  , Ibtisam Hatem Alwan
Published: November 2022

تعد ظاهرة صعود اليمين الشعبوي المتطرف وبروز تأثيره في المشهد السياسي في الدول الاوربية من الظواهر السياسية والاجتماعية التي نالت اهتمام غير مسبوق سواء من قبل الحكومات والمنظمات الدولية او مراكز البحوث والدراسات الأكاديمية ومنظمات المجتمع المدني وحقوق الانسان في مختلف دول العالم، ويرجع ذلك لأسباب عديدة أهمها وصول بعض الأحزاب والشخصيات اليمينية المتطرفة التي تتبنى أيدولوجيات ومبادئ وبرامج وسياسات ترتكز على العنصرية والتطرف ورفض الاخر والخطاب الكراهية والتحريض على استخدام العنف ضد اللاجئين والمهاجرين والجاليات ولاسيما الجالية المسلمة.
مفهوم الإصلاح في العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر: دراسة تحليلية نقدية
Authors: Mohammed Kadhim Hashim
Published: November 2022

تمثل هذه الدراسة محاولة لتحليل ونقد رؤية وفهم العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر لقضية الإصلاح عن طريق طرح ثلاث أسئلة رئيسة والإجابة عنها وهي: ماهي رؤية وفهم العقل السياسي العراقي لقضية الإصلاح؟ وماهي أسباب تشكل هذا الفهم؟ وماهي الملاحظات التي تسجل على هذا الفهم؟. وقد اعتمد في هذه الدراسة على المنهج المعياري النقدي في تحليل ونقد خطاب العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر حول قضية الإصلاح والتغيير. وتكونت الدراسة من مقدمة ومبحثين ونتيجة، جاء المبحث الأول منها بعنوان: الإطار المفاهيمي: مفهوم الإصلاح وماهية العقل السياسي العراقي، وقسم إلى مطلبين المطلب الأول: مفهوم الإصلاح والمطلب الثاني: ماهية العقل السياسي العراقي بنيته ومكوناته. أما المبحث الثاني فقد كان تحت عنوان: تحليل ونقد مفهوم الإصلاح في العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر، وقسم لمطلبين المطلب الأول: مفهوم الإصلاح في العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر، والمطلب الثاني: نقد فهم العقل السياسي العراقي المعاصر للإصلاح.
Visual R-MAT: uma ferramenta visual de apoio a análises sob dados representativos de trajetórias de múltiplos aspectos
Authors: Luz Tiago Oliveira da , Machado Vanessa Lago , Mello Ronaldo dos Santos
Published: November 2022

O fenômeno da IoT traz consigo o surgimento de vastas quantidades de dados. Presente nesses dados estão os dados de trajetória, que podem ser semanticamente enriquecidos para gerar trajetórias de múltiplos aspectos. Ainda, como alternativa no gerenciamento de tais dados surgiram abordagens de sumarização que geram dados de trajetória representativa. Com base nesses dados surge, portanto, a necessidade de ferramentas como apoio visual na análise de tais dados. Este trabalho propõe uma ferramenta visual 2D de apoio ao analista de dados nas tarefas de análise e comparação entre um grupo de trajetórias e uma trajetória representativa, permitindo, por exemplo, inferências em relação ao algoritmo de sumarização.
Technical and economic analysis of a photovoltaic solar system in Norte de Santander, Colombia
Authors: Galvís Villamizar , Duque Suárez , Gómez Camperos
Published: November 2022

Solar energy is the most abundant renewable resource on the surface of the earth; where through photovoltaic systems electricity is generated using solar cells that work from the incidence of light. The study's objective is to develop technical and economic analysis for installing a photovoltaic solar system in the municipality of El Zulia, Norte de Santander department, Colombia. For this purpose, different studies on this region's solar radiation are taken as a reference, recorded for nine years, and processed using statistical techniques that suggest photovoltaic energy exploitation. Likewise, the electricity consumption averages were obtained and related to the energy rates currently paid by users in this northern region of Santander. Based on this information, the VENSIM model was analyzed to understand the electric microgeneration process in the Colombian residential sector, and the calculations related to the selection of the inverter, the photovoltaic modules, the photovoltaic generator, and other technical specifications were carried out. Finally, the financial evaluation of the photovoltaic solar system was carried out for 25 years, considering the returns on investment from the tax benefits offered by Law 1715 of 2014 and the savings that microgeneration represents for users. Also, the project proved to have financial viability and a payback period of 4 years.
Hearing Loss due to Noise Exposure and its Relationship with Hypertension in Peruvian Workers
Authors: Ramírez Saldaña María Alejandra , Torres-Malca Jenny Raquel , Zuzunaga-Montoya Fiorella E. , Vera-Ponce Víctor Juan , Cruz-Ausejo Liliana , La Cruz-Vargas Jhony A. De
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Noise-induced hearing loss has been implicated in the genesis of several chronic conditions; however, its behavior concerning hypertension still raises doubts about it.

Objective: to determine the association between hearing loss due to exposure to noise and the presence of hypertension in a sample of Peruvian workers.

Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study. Secondary analysis of the occupational database of a Medical center in Lima, Peru. hypertension was measured by self-report and clinical method. Hearing loss was classified as none, mild, moderate and severe. For the regression analysis, Poisson was performed with robust variance, obtaining crude (PRc) and adjusted (PRa) prevalence ratios.

Results: We worked with a total of 1987 participants. The prevalence of hypertension was 15.40% and hearing loss was 36.39%. For the multivariate regression analysis, a statistically significant association with hypertension was found in those with mild hearing loss (PRa=1.52; CI95% 1.06–2.10), moderate (PRa=2.70; CI95% 1,93–3.76) and severe (PRa=3.82; 95% CI 2.56–5.96), compared to those without hearing loss.

Conclusions: Hearing loss due to exposure to occupational noise was associated with the presence of hypertension. Although this study is only a first overview of the relationship that both variables could have, it is recommended to continue promoting policies and awareness campaigns to prevent hearing loss in workers, and thus avoid complications related to it in the long term.
Wyzwania współczesnej rachunkowości i finansów w przedsiębiorstwie
Authors:   Faculty of Management, University of Warsaw, Turyna Jan
Published: November 2022

A monograph devoted to selected issues belonging to two key sub-disciplines within the economic aspects of management science: corporate financial management and accounting. The studies composing the monograph discuss scientific research and analyses concerning, among others, organisational and legal functioning of guarantee funds in the case of tour operators, measurement and valuation of human capital in economic organisations, financing pro-export activities of enterprises using external funds and, finally, the role of narrative in accounting in the context of financial reporting of capital market companies. The results of scientific research being the conclusion of individual texts within the monograph may be the basis for further discussions and research related to microfinance of enterprises and accounting. Given the importance and topicality of the problems raised, the monograph addresses a wide audience: academics, PhD students and students of finance and accounting faculties, as well as managers, accountants, appraisers and officials following the changes.
Dievo (ne)buvimo reikšmė žmogaus egzistencijai W. L. Craigo požiūriu
Authors: Jacevičius Laurynas
Published: November 2022

Straipsnyje, remiantis amerikiečių filosofo ir teologo Williamo Lane’o Craigo mintimis, siekiama atskleisti ir pagrįsti poziciją, kad, nesant Dievo, žmogaus egzistencija yra (būtų) absurdiška. Su ja, panašu, sutiktų ir ateistinio egzistencializmo atstovai. Neretas jų šiai tragiškai žmogaus būklei įveikti siūlo savų būdų, kurie, paanalizavus, atsiskleidžia kaip netinkami ir prieštaringi. Kita vertus, krikščioniškoji pasaulėžiūra turi įrankių tiek parodyti, kodėl žmogus absurdo akivaizdoje vis priešinasi ir nenori rezignuoti, nors ir neturėdamas tam gerų teorinių priežasčių, tiek argumentuoti Dievo buvimą kaip žmogaus egzistencijos prasmės, vertės ir tikslo pagrindą.
El diseño y el consumo energético
Authors: Foglia Efraín
Published: November 2022

Es indudable que todos los objetos diseñados, ya sean analógicos o digitales, consumen o han consumido energía eléctrica. Ya sea en su producción (una silla) o en su distribución, la han consumido. Y muchos de ellos se alimentan de la electricidad para funcionar regularmente, como por ejemplo una cafetera o un teléfono móvil.
Acesso ao serviço de saúde auditiva infantil no Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil
Authors: Dutra Monique Ramos Paschoal , Cavalcanti Hannalice Gottschalck , Ferreira Maria Ângela Fernandes
Published: November 2022

Introdução: A deficiência auditiva compromete o desenvolvimento da linguagem e o processo de aprendizagem na criança. A triagem neonatal, o diagnóstico e a intervenção auditiva são ações que devem ser realizadas para a atenção integral à saúde auditiva na infância. Objetivo: Avaliar o acesso aos serviços de saúde auditiva infantil e os fatores que influenciam no acesso. Métodos: Estudo transversal com 104 crianças que realizaram a triagem auditiva neonatal e foram encaminhadas para diagnóstico. As fontes foram os bancos de dados, onde foram coletadas variáveis demográficas, sociais e relacionadas ao acesso e uso dos serviços de saúde. Foram realizadas a distribuição percentual das variáveis categóricas e medidas de tendência central e dispersão das variáveis contínuas. Para avaliar a associação das variáveis dependentes e independentes foi utilizado o teste Qui-quadrado com nível de 5% de significância. Resultados: Apenas 56 (53,3%) crianças compareceram, dessas 41 foram para o serviço estudado, 24 concluíram o diagnóstico e 3 apresentaram deficiência auditiva. A média de idade no diagnóstico foi de 211 dias, com desvio padrão de 155,9 dias e a duração do diagnóstico foi de 135 dias, com desvio padrão de 143,2 dias. Não houve significância estatística entre o acesso ao serviço de saúde e a distância, idade e escolaridade da mãe. Conclusão: Existe uma evasão no acesso ao serviço e na conclusão do diagnóstico e as crianças não são assistidas em idades oportunas. A idade e escolaridade da mãe e a distância não influenciaram no acesso e uso ao serviço.
Size quantification of non-spherical bubbles by ultrasound
Authors: Zhang Ya-Jing  , Li Fan  , Lei Zhao-Kang  , Wang Ming-Hao  , Wang Cheng-Hui  , Mo Run-Yang  ,   Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119, China
Published: November 2022

Ultrasonic detection is an effective method to quantify bubbles in opaque liquid, and acoustic scattering model is the key in ultrasonic inversion technique. Classical scattering models are usually based on the spherical assumption and ka is much less than 1. However, these conditions are not always satisfied in practical applications. In this study, a quantitative strategy of ultrasonic inversion is proposed for non-spherical bubbles and ka deviation assumption. A series solution model for a spherical gas bubble is established without considering the ka constraint, and it was compared with the classical Medwin (ka<<1) and Anderson (ka≈1) models. The difference in their scattering cross sections σbs is only at the higher order formants of scattering and so the fitted line can be used to solve the multi-valued problem between σbs and ka. For a non-spherical bubble, σbs is determined by the frequency domain backscattering signal and size is characterized by the equivalent radius a*and the inversion is performed by fitted curve from series solution model. Ultrasonic quantitative results were examined by high-speed photography. Results show that bubble rises in a zigzag pattern and non-spherical bubbles, their scattering cross sections are measured by the frequency domain scattering signal obtained at a position of ultrasonic measurement and the equivalent radius is inverted by the series solution fitting curve. The deviation between the results and the actual results r0 is about 1mm(relative error less than 45%) when 9≤kr0≤35. This method can be used for acoustic inversion of non-spherical bubbles in a certain range of measurement accuracy.
Effects of V2O5-Al2O3 sintering aid on properties of low temperature sintered Li-Zn microwave ferrites
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yi , Wang Xi , Wang Jun , Cheng De-Qiang , Wang Yue ,   School of Information and Control Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
Published: November 2022

With the progress of modern wireless communication technology, microwave communication devices are developing toward miniaturization and integration, and low-temperature co-firing ceramic/ferrite technology is the key to meet the above demands. In this paper, V2O5-Al2O3 (VA) sintering aid is used to realize low-temperature sintering (below melting point of silver that is 950 ℃) of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, which is suitable for radar phase shifter. In this work, firstly, Li-Zn ferrite pre-firing material is prepared by mechanochemical ball-milling method, and then VA composite is selected as sintering aid to prepare Li0.42Zn0.27Ti0.11Mn0.1Fe2.1O4 ferrite at low temperatures. The effects of adding amount of VA sintering aid and sintering temperature on crystal structure, microstructure and magnetic properties (saturation induction, coercivity, linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance, etc.) of the materials are also studied. The VA sintering aid can reduce the sintering temperature and maintain the spinel crystal structure of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, the diffraction peaks of V2O5 and Al2O3 involved in the sintering process are observed from none of the samples sintered at different temperatures, because the additive amount of VA sintering aid is very low compared with that of Li-Zn ferrite, so no corresponding impurity peaks are detected. The introduction of VA sintering aid can promote the grain growth, with the average grain size increasing from 0.92 μm to 9.74 μm. In the sintering process of Li-Zn ferrite, V2O5 in VA sintering aid will melt first to form liquid phase due to its low melting point, which promotes the growth of grains. At the same time, Al2O3 with higher melting point can inhibit the grain growth and make the grain uniform. It is worth noting that when excessive VA sintering aid is added, the grain size of ferrite will decrease instead, because too much VA sintering aid will form a large number of liquid phases around the grains, thus splitting the grains and hindering the further growth of the Li-Zn grains. Under the condition of optimal VA sintering aid addition (0.18%, weight percentage), the saturation induction of the sample increases from 144 mT to 281 mT; the rectangular ratio increases from 0.57 to 0.78; the coercivity decreases from 705 A/m to 208 A/m; the linewidth of ferromagnetic resonance decreases from 648 Oe to 247 Oe. In summary, VA sintering aid can effectively improve the properties of Li-Zn microwave ferrite, which has a positive significance in developing low- temperature co-firing ceramic/ferrite technology.
Phenotyping single-cell motility in microfluidic confinement
Authors: Bentley Samuel A , Laeverenz-Schlogelhofer Hannah , Anagnostidis Vasileios , Cammann Jan , Mazza Marco G , Gielen Fabrice , Wan Kirsty Y
Published: November 2022

The movement trajectories of organisms serve as dynamic read-outs of their behaviour and physiology. For microorganisms this can be difficult to resolve due to their small size and fast movement. Here, we devise a novel droplet microfluidics assay to encapsulate single micron-sized algae inside closed arenas, enabling ultralong high-speed tracking of the same cell. Comparing two model species - Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (freshwater, 2 cilia), and Pyramimonas octopus (marine, 8 cilia), we detail their highly-stereotyped yet contrasting swimming behaviours and environmental interactions. By measuring the rates and probabilities with which cells transition between a trio of motility states (smooth-forward swimming, quiescence, tumbling or excitable backward swimming), we reconstruct the control network that underlies this gait switching dynamics. A simplified model of cell-roaming in circular confinement reproduces the observed long-term behaviours and spatial fluxes, including novel boundary circulation behaviour. Finally, we establish an assay in which pairs of droplets are fused on demand, one containing a trapped cell with another containing a chemical that perturbs cellular excitability, to reveal how aneural microorganisms adapt their locomotor patterns in real-time.
The RAM signaling pathway links morphology, thermotolerance, and CO2 tolerance in the global fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans
Authors: Chadwick Benjamin J , Pham Tuyetnhu , Xie Xiaofeng , Ristow Laura C , Krysan Damian J , Lin Xiaorong
Published: November 2022

The environmental pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans claims over 180,000 lives each year. Survival of this basidiomycete at host CO2 concentrations has only recently been considered an important virulence trait. Through screening gene knockout libraries constructed in a CO2-tolerant clinical strain, we found mutations leading to CO2 sensitivity are enriched in pathways activated by heat stress, including calcineurin, Ras1-Cdc24, cell wall integrity, and Regulator of Ace2 and Morphogenesis (RAM). Overexpression of Cbk1, the conserved terminal kinase of the RAM pathway, partially restored defects of these mutants at host CO2 or temperature levels. In ascomycetes such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Candida albicans, transcription factor Ace2 is an important target of Cbk1, activating genes responsible for cell separation. However, no Ace2 homolog or any downstream component of the RAM pathway has been identified in basidiomycetes. Through in vitro evolution and comparative genomics, we characterized mutations in suppressors of cbk1Δ in C. neoformans that partially rescued defects in CO2 tolerance, thermotolerance, and morphology. One suppressor is the RNA translation repressor Ssd1, which is highly conserved in ascomycetes and basidiomycetes. The other is a novel ribonuclease domain-containing protein, here named PSC1, which is present in basidiomycetes and humans but surprisingly absent in most ascomycetes. Loss of Ssd1 in cbk1Δ partially restored cryptococcal ability to survive and amplify in the inhalation and intravenous murine models of cryptococcosis. Our discoveries highlight the overlapping regulation of CO2 tolerance and thermotolerance, the essential role of the RAM pathway in cryptococcal adaptation to the host condition, and the potential importance of post-transcriptional control of virulence traits in this global pathogen.
Intellectual Capital and Bank Profitability: Evidence from Serbia
Authors: Ljumović Isidora , Minović Jelena , Stevanović Slavica
Published: November 2022

Research Question: This paper examines how investing in Intellectual Capital (IC) influences bank profitability measured by return on average assets and return on average equity. Motivation: IC is a source of non-physical (added) value for innovative companies in the knowledge-based economy. In finance and banking, efficient use of IC is critical since a bank's capacity to supply high-quality services is based on its investment in IC. As a result, our goal was to throw light on the components of IC and examine how they relate to the commercial bank's financial performance in Serbia. Idea: The main idea behind this paper is to assess the relationship between components of IC and bank profitability. We used the three most common components: Human Capital Efficiency (HCE), Capital Employed Efficiency (CEE), and Structural Capital Efficiency (SCE), as well as control variables such as banks' size and leverage. Data: We used a Bankscope data set that included 27 Serbian commercial banks from 2011 to 2019, with 212 observations. Tools: We used Breusch–Pagan Lagrange multiplier and the Pesaran test to examine cross-section dependence. Based on the test results, we used the system generalized method of moments (GMM) to assess the relationship between IC components and bank profitability. Findings: In Serbian banking industry, both HCE and CEE considerably impact bank profitability. However, we couldn't find evidence that SCE contributes to bank profitability. Contribution: This paper adds to the existing literature on the relationship between IC and bank profitability. However, it also includes a policy recommendation for bank executives as we discovered that investing in IC can positively influence bank profitability.
Comprehensive proteomic and metabolomic analysis uncover the response of okra to drought stress
Authors: Wang Jiyue , Shi Denghong , Bai Yu , Zhang Ting , Wu Yan , Liu Zhenghong , Jiang Lian , Ye Lin , Peng Zele , Yuan Hui , Liu Yan
Published: November 2022

The response of okra to drought stress is very complicated, and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process remains ambiguous up to now. In this study, different degrees of water-stress responses of okra leaf were explained by using transcriptomics and metabolomic approaches. The photosynthesis and glycometabolism in okra leaf were both adversely affected by drought stress, leading to inhibition of the carbohydrate metabolic process, and then influencing the secondary plant metabolism. Further, drought stress disturbed amino acid metabolism, especially for the tyrosine-derived pathway as well as arginine and proline metabolism, which have been shown to be significantly enriched under water withholding conditions based on multi-omics conjoint analysis (transcriptome, proteome and metabolome). In-depth analysis of the internal linkages between differentially expressed transcripts, proteins, and metabolites decidedly indicate that tyrosine metabolism could confer tolerance to drought stress by influencing carbon and nitrogen metabolism. These findings provide a whole framework of the regulation and relationships of major transcripts and peptides related to secondary metabolism, particularly, the role of critical proteins and metabolite involved in the change of amino acid metabolism in response to drought stress.
Targeting fibroblast growth factor receptors causes severe craniofacial malformations in zebrafish larvae
Authors: Gebuijs Liesbeth , Wagener Frank A. , Zethof Jan , Carels Carine E. , Von den Hoff Johannes W. , Metz Juriaan R.
Published: November 2022

Background and Objective

A key pathway controlling skeletal development is fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and FGF receptor (FGFR) signaling. Major regulatory functions of FGF signaling are chondrogenesis, endochondral and intramembranous bone development. In this study we focus on fgfr2, as mutations in this gene are found in patients with craniofacial malformations. The high degree of conservation between FGF signaling of human and zebrafish (Danio rerio) tempted us to investigate effects of the mutated fgfr2sa10729 allele in zebrafish on cartilage and bone formation.

Methods

We stained cartilage and bone in 5 days post fertilization (dpf) zebrafish larvae and compared mutants with wildtypes. We also determined the expression of genes related to these processes. We further investigated whether pharmacological blocking of all FGFRs with the inhibitor BGJ398, during 0–12 and 24–36 h post fertilization (hpf), affected craniofacial structure development at 5 dpf.

Results

We found only subtle differences in craniofacial morphology between wildtypes and mutants, likely because of receptor redundancy. After exposure to BGJ398, we found dose-dependent cartilage and bone malformations, with more severe defects in fish exposed during 0–12 hpf. These results suggest impairment of cranial neural crest cell survival and/or differentiation by FGFR inhibition. Compensatory reactions by upregulation of fgfr1a, fgfr1b, fgfr4, sp7 and dlx2a were found in the 0–12 hpf group, while in the 24–36 hpf group only upregulation of fgf3 was found together with downregulation of fgfr1a and fgfr2.

Conclusions

Pharmacological targeting of FGFR1-4 kinase signaling causes severe craniofacial malformations, whereas abrogation of FGFR2 kinase signaling alone does not induce craniofacial skeletal abnormalities. These findings enhance our understanding of the role of FGFRs in the etiology of craniofacial malformations.
Augmented anticancer effect and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by using Taxus wallichiana leaf extract
Authors: Yousaf Aliya , Waseem Muhammad , Javed Aneela , Baig Sofia , Ismail Bushra , Baig Ayesha , Shahzadi Irum , Nawazish Shamyla , Zaman Iftikhar
Published: November 2022

Background

Taxus wallichiana is an evergreen tree species found in the Himalayan region of Pakistan. The tree possesses important secondary metabolites such as Taxol that has been implicated in treating breast, ovarian and colon cancer. Therefore keeping in view the importance of this plant species, silver nanoparticles were synthesized using Taxus wallichiana aqueous leaf extract and evaluated for their anti-bacterial and anti-cancer properties.

Methods

Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized for their optical, morphological and structural features using techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and were evaluated for their antibacterial activity and anti-cancer activity using U251 cell line.

Results

The study showed that the UV-absorbance peak of Ag2O NPs at 450 nm shifted to 410 nm, affirming the formation of leaf extract Ag NPs. Similarly structural studies revealed the crystalline nature of the cubic structure of the Ag crystal with an average crystallite size of 29 nm. FTIR analysis exhibited the existence of different functional elements including O-H and N-H and phenolic groups. Non-spherical glomerular shaped Taxus wallichiana Ag NPs were observed from SEM studies and EDX profile showed Ag as the main element along with constituent of biological origin. The synthesized Ag NPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhi, and Staphylococcus aureus. The cytotoxic activity of Ag NPs on U251 brain cancer cells showed a synergistic effect with 10 ug/mL concentration after 48 and 72 h incubation based on cell viability assay indicating promising glioblastoma drug potential.
Sentiment Analysis for Market Survey in the Framework of the Establishment of the IT Boarding School Vocational School
Authors: Fernandes Adji Achmad Rinaldo
Published: November 2022

Aims: This study aims to obtain indicators which are then compiled in a questionnaire research instrument which will later be used in further analysis namely sentiment analysis.

Methodology: Sentiment analysis is a method used to identify how a sentiment is expressed using text and how that sentiment can be categorized as positive sentiment or negative sentiment. Boarding school. So that researchers can conclude whether the sentiments or issues that arise in the tweets published by the surrounding community on social media are more supportive or even less supportive regarding the boarding school program at a boarding school.

Results: The findings of this study are the variables that can be used in further research, namely marketing communication strategies, marketing mix, and interest in learning.

Conclusion: Based on the sentiment analysis, it was found that society has a neutral tendency regarding public perceptions in Indonesia regarding the boarding school program at a boarding school.
Households’ Waste Disposal Practices and Its Impact on Health
Authors: Rani V. Usha , Lakshmi V. Vijaya , RatnaKumari D. , Reddy R. Geetha , Meena A.
Published: November 2022

Waste management has been a worldwide concern today. India being the most populous country the rate of waste generation is also increasing rapidly. The problem of waste management has become a serious issue due to improper disposal of waste. The present study was conducted to examine the existing disposal practices of household waste. An Exploratory research design was used to conduct the present study with 60 respondents. Information on various types of waste, frequency of waste disposal and methods of waste disposal were obtained through the structured interview schedule. It was observed that majority of the respondents complain about the ill effects of improper disposal of solid waste. More than 80 per cent have collectively said that it causes infectious diseases, unpleasant odour and unclean surroundings. Through the study, it was observed that respondents are disposing the household waste by just throwing away outside the house. Burning of waste is also the most common practice followed by the respondents to clean their surroundings. Findings revealed that even though respondents have knowledge on waste management but their practice towards disposal of dry waste is poor. Age and family size were negatively correlated with waste disposal practices while education has a significant positive correlation with waste disposal practices.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Hirschfeld Surface Analysis and Catalytic Activity of a New Binuclear Zn(II) Complex Based on Homophthalic Acid and 2,2'-Bipyridine Ligands
Authors: Wang Li-Hua , Tai Xi-Shi
Published: November 2022

A new binuclear Zn(II) complex, [Zn2L2(BIPY)2(H2O)2](1) (H2L = homophthalic acid, BIPY = 2,2'-bipyridine) has been synthesized by one-pot method of homophthalic acid, 2,2'-bipyridine, zinc acetate dihydrate, and NaOH in water/ethanol (v:v = 1:1) solution. The structure of complex (1) was characterized by IR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis. The results show that each Zn(II) ion is five-coordinated with two carboxylic O atoms from two homophthalate ligands (O2, O3 or O2a, O3a), two N atoms from two 2,2'-bipyridine ligands (N1, N2 or N1a, N2a) and one O atom from coordinated water molecule (O5 or O5a), and forms a distorted trigonal bipyramid coordination geometry. Complex (1) forms 1D chained structure and 3D network structure by the p-p interaction of 2,2'-bipyridine ligands. The Hirschfeld surface analysis of complex (1) was calculated. The catalytic performance of complex (1) has also been investigated for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol under O2 atmosphere. The optimal reaction temperature and pressure were 100 °C and 0.3 MPa for complex (1). Copyright © 2022 by Authors, Published by BCREC Group. This is an open access article under the CC BY-SA License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0).
Risk of Cardiovascular Diseases Associated With Medications Used in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Zhang Le , Yao Honghui , Li Lin , Du Rietz Ebba , Andell Pontus , Garcia-Argibay Miguel , D’Onofrio Brian M. , Cortese Samuele , Larsson Henrik , Chang Zheng
Published: November 2022

Importance

Use of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) medications has increased substantially over the past decades, but there are concerns regarding their cardiovascular safety.

Objective

To provide an updated synthesis of evidence on whether ADHD medications are associated with the risk of a broad range of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs).

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, and Web of Science up to May 1, 2022.

Study Selection

Observational studies investigating the association between ADHD medications (including stimulants and nonstimulants) and risk of CVD.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

Independent reviewers extracted data and assessed study quality using the Good Research for Comparative Effectiveness (GRACE) checklist. Data were pooled using random-effects models. This study is reported according to the Meta-analyses of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guideline.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The outcome was any type of cardiovascular event, including hypertension, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure, venous thromboembolism, tachyarrhythmias, and cardiac arrest.

Results

Nineteen studies (with 3 931 532 participants including children, adolescents, and adults; 60.9% male), of which 14 were cohort studies, from 6 countries or regions were included in the meta-analysis. Median follow-up time ranged from 0.25 to 9.5 years (median, 1.5 years). Pooled adjusted relative risk (RR) did not show a statistically significant association between ADHD medication use and any CVD among children and adolescents (RR, 1.18; 95% CI, 0.91-1.53), young or middle-aged adults (RR, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.43-2.48), or older adults (RR, 1.59; 95% CI, 0.62-4.05). No significant associations for stimulants (RR, 1.24; 95% CI, 0.84-1.83) or nonstimulants (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.25-5.97) were observed. For specific cardiovascular outcomes, no statistically significant association was found in relation to cardiac arrest or arrhythmias (RR, 1.60; 95% CI, 0.94-2.72), cerebrovascular diseases (RR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.72-1.15), or myocardial infarction (RR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.68-1.65). There was no associations with any CVD in female patients (RR, 1.88; 95% CI, 0.43-8.24) and in those with preexisting CVD (RR, 1.31; 95% CI, 0.80-2.16). Heterogeneity between studies was high and significant except for the analysis on cerebrovascular diseases.

Conclusions and Relevance

This meta-analysis suggests no statistically significant association between ADHD medications and the risk of CVD across age groups, although a modest risk increase could not be ruled out, especially for the risk of cardiac arrest or tachyarrhythmias. Further investigation is warranted for the cardiovascular risk in female patients and patients with preexisting CVD as well as long-term risks associated with ADHD medication use.
Cyclic stretch regulates immune responses via tank‐binding kinase 1 expression in macrophages
Authors: Nakagawa Anna , Hayakawa Sumio , Cheng Yinglan , Honda Azusa , Yuzawa Ryo , Ogawa Rei , Oishi Yumiko
Published: November 2022

Macrophages distributed in tissues throughout the body contribute to homeostasis. In the inflammatory state, macrophages undergo mechanical stress that regulates the signal transduction of immune responses and various cellular functions. However, the effects of the inflammatory response on macrophages under physiological cyclic stretch are unclear. We found that physiological cyclic stretch suppresses inflammatory cytokine expression in macrophages by regulating NF‐κB activity. NF‐κB phosphorylation at Ser536 in macrophages was inhibited, suggesting that tank‐binding kinase (TBK1) regulates NF‐κB activity during physiological stress. Moreover, TBK1 expression was suppressed by physiological stretch, and TBK1 knockdown by siRNA induced the suppression of NF‐κB phosphorylation at Ser536. In conclusion, physiological stretch triggers suppression of a TBK1‐dependent excessive inflammatory response, which may be necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis.
Tailoring Optical Properties in Transparent Highly Conducting Perovskites by Cationic Substitution
Authors: Mohammadi Mahdad , Xie Ruiwen , Hadaeghi Niloofar , Radetinac Aldin , Arzumanov Alexey , Komissinskiy Philipp , Zhang Hongbin , Alff Lambert
Published: November 2022

SrMoO3 , SrNbO3, and SrVO3 are remarkable highly conducting d1 (V, Nb) or d2 (Mo) perovskite metals with an intrinsically high transparency in the visible. A key scientific question is how the optical properties of these materials can be manipulated to make them suitable for applications as transparent electrodes and in plasmonics. Here, it is shown how 3d/4d cationic substitution in perovskites tailors the relevant materials parameters, i.e., optical transition energy and plasma frequency. With the example of the solid‐state solution SrV1−xMoxO3, it is shown that the absorption and reflection edges can be shifted to the edges of the visible light spectrum, resulting in a material that has the potential to outperform indium tin oxide (ITO) due to its extremely low sheet resistance. An optimum for x = 0.5, where a resistivity of 32 µΩ cm (≈12 Ω sq−1) is paired with a transmittance above 84% in the whole visible spectrum is found. Quantitative comparison between experiments and electronic structure calculations show that the shift of the plasma frequency is governed by the interplay of d‐band filling and electronic correlations. This study advances the knowledge about the peculiar class of highly conducting perovskites toward sustainable transparent conductors and emergent plasmonics.
Nickel Metallaphotoredox Catalysis Enabling Desulfurative Cross Coupling Reactions
Authors: Geniller Lilian , Taillefer Marc , Jaroschik Florian , Prieto Alexis
Published: November 2022

Metallaphotoredox processes have emerged as powerful methods for C−C bond formations. The Ni‐photoredox catalyzed desulfurative cross‐coupling of thiol derivatives with aryl bromides has now been established. This procedure provides access to simple and complex unsymmetrical diarylmethane molecules under mild reaction conditions with a broad functional group tolerance. The key steps of the reaction involve a silane‐mediated halogen‐atom transfer (XAT) and a subsequent intramolecular homolytic substitution (SH), formingC‐centered radicals from various thiol derivatives as shown by mechanistic studies. This study paves the way for new transformations of abundant, naturally occurring thiols.

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[EMmim][NTf2]—a Novel Ionic Liquid (IL) in Catalytic CO2 Capture and ILs’ Applications
Authors: He Xin , Gao Yangyan , Shi Yunlei , Zhang Xiaowen , Liang Zhiwu , Zhang Riguang , Song Xingfei , Lai Qinghua , Adidharma Hertanto , Russell Armistead G. , Eddings Eric G. , Fei Weiyang , Cheng Fangqin , Tsang Shik Chi Edman , Wang Jianji , Fan Maohong
Published: November 2022

Ionic liquids (ILs) have been used for carbon dioxide (CO2) capture, however, which have never been used as catalysts to accelerate CO2 capture. The record is broken by a uniquely designed IL, [EMmim][NTf2]. The IL can universally catalyze both CO2 sorption and desorption of all the chemisorption‐based technologies. As demonstrated in monoethanolamine (MEA) based CO2 capture, even with the addition of only 2000 ppm IL catalyst, the rate of CO2 desorption—the key to reducing the overall CO2 capture energy consumption or breaking the bottleneck of the state‐of‐the‐art technologies and Paris Agreement implementation—can be increased by 791% at 85 °C, which makes use of low‐temperature waste heat and avoids secondary pollution during CO2 capture feasible. Furthermore, the catalytic CO2 capture mechanism is experimentally and theoretically revealed.
Highly Improved Efficiency and Stability of 2D Perovskite Solar Cells via Bifunctional Inorganic Salt KPF6 Modified NiOx Hole Transport Layer
Authors: Hou Hongming , Hu Taotao , Zhang Zetan , Liu Chang , Wu Qiaofeng , Peng Jin , Long Jiajun , Zhang Meng , Yu Hua
Published: November 2022

In general, improving the electrical conductivity of bare NiO
x
film and alleviating the undesired energy level mismatch by interface engineering are operative to enhance the property of 2D perovskite solar cells (2D PSCs) based on NiO
x
. Herein, the NiO
x
/2D perovskite interface is modified by inorganic salt KPF6 to improve the interfacial contact and conductivity of NiO
x
. It is revealed that KPF6 not only improves the conductivity of NiO
x
through the formation of NiF coordination bond with NiO
x
by PF6‐ but also promotes the energy level matching between NiO
x
and the 2D perovskite layer. Thus, KPF6‐modified NiO
x
greatly enhances the extraction ability of hole carriers in 2D perovskite layers and improves the crystallinity of 2D perovskite films. Accordingly, the NiO
x
/KPF6‐based 2D PSCs attain an optimal power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.34%. Meanwhile, the KPF6 modified device without sealed maintains 93% of its original PCE for 600 h on a 60 °C hot plate filled with nitrogen and 72% after aging for 600 h with a humidity of 35 ± 10% in the atmosphere, respectively. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of using inorganic salts to modify NiO
x
hole transport layers to augment the optoelectronic properties and stability of 2D PSCs.
What determines the evolutionary trajectories of wild plant species? Approaches to the study of quantitative fitness‐related traits
Authors: Mazer Susan J. , Sakai Ann K. , Weller Stephen G. , Larios Eugenio
Published: November 2022

Wild plant species provide excellent examples of qualitative traits that evolve in response to environmental challenges (e.g., flower color, heavy metal tolerance, cyanogenesis, and male sterility). In addition to such discrete characters, a dazzling array of continuously distributed, quantitative traits are expressed at every phase of the life cycle. These traits are known or suspected to have evolved by natural selection because they are heritable, differ among populations or closely related taxa occupying distinct habitats, and have individual phenotypes associated with survival and reproductive success. This special issue [American Journal of Botany 109(11)] focuses on the tools and approaches for detecting or inferring the ecological and genetic factors contributing to changes in genetically based variation of quantitative traits within or among populations, or causing their divergence among taxa. The assembled articles use one or more of three primary approaches to detect the process or outcome of natural selection on morphological, life history, reproductive, chemical, and physiological quantitative traits: the analysis of phenotypic or artificially imposed selection to detect direct and indirect selection on traits whose function is well‐understood; common garden experiments, including reciprocal transplants and “resurrection” experiments; and quantitative genetic analyses designed to detect and to estimate the environmental and genetic sources of phenotypic variation or to forecast short‐term evolutionary change. Together, these articles examine and reveal the adaptive capacity of quantitative traits and the genetically based constraints that may limit their directional evolutionary change, thereby informing and testing inferences, hypotheses, and predictions concerning the evolutionary trajectories of wild plant species.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Coffin Siris syndrome: Further evidence from two cases
Authors: Rimoldi Martina , Rinaldi Berardo , Villa Roberta , Cerasani Jacopo , Beltrami Benedetta , Iascone Maria , Silipigni Rosamaria , Boito Simona , Gangi Silvana , Colombo Lorenzo , Porro Matteo , Cesaretti Claudia , Bedeschi Maria Francesca
Published: November 2022

Coffin‐Siris Syndrome (CSS) is a rare multi‐system dominant condition with a variable clinical presentation mainly characterized by hypoplasia/aplasia of the nail and/or distal phalanx of the fifth digit, coarse facies, hirsutism/hypertrichosis, developmental delay and intellectual disability of variable degree and growth impairment. Congenital anomalies may include cardiac, genitourinary and central nervous system malformations whereas congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is rarely reported. The genes usually involved in CSS pathogenesis are ARID1B (most frequently), SMARCA4, SMARCB1, ARID1A, SMARCE1, DPF2, and PHF6. Here, we present two cases of CSS presenting with CDH, for whom Whole Exome Sequencing (WES) identified two distinct de novo heterozygous causative variants, one in ARID1B (case 1) and one in SMARCA4 (case 2). Due to the rarity of CDH in CSS, in both cases the occurrence of CDH did not represent a predictive sign of CSS but, on the other hand, prompted genetic testing before (case 1) or independently (case 2) from the clinical hypothesis of CSS. We provide further evidence of the association between CSS and CDH, reviewed previous cases from literature and discuss possible functional links to related conditions.