bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Influencing Factors of Satisfaction with the Use of Public Health Internet Platform: Evidence from Ding Xiang Doctor (DXY) Internet Medical Platform
Authors: Guo Yanlong , Zu Lan , Chen Denghang , Zhang Han
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of Internet information technology, Internet medical platforms are gradually entering daily life. Especially after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, it becomes very difficult for patients to go out for medical treatment, and the Internet medical platform plays an important role. The study of the use and influencing factors of Internet medical platforms has become a new topic. In this study, evidence from the Chinese Internet medical platform Ding Xiang Doctor(DXY) is combined with an integrated approach of hierarchical analysis and the entropy value method to construct evaluation indexes and questionnaires from four dimensions of perceived quality, perceived value, user trust, and user involvement to analyze the factors influencing users’ satisfaction with Internet medical platforms. The questionnaires were distributed online, and 556 questionnaires were distributed from June to August 2022; 520 questionnaires were collected; the questionnaires’ recovery rate was 93.53%; after excluding some invalid questionnaires, 424 questionnaires remained; the questionnaire efficiency was 81.54%; the Cronbach coefficient was 0.978; the KMO(Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin) value was 0.977; and the reliability performance was good. The study concluded that: (1) Users pay more attention to the content of perceived value, including the cost of time, economy, expense, and effort spent, and emphasize the degree of personal benefit. (2) Users are less satisfied with the information accessibility, design aesthetics, information timeliness, information comprehensiveness, and classification clarity of the DXY platform. (3) Users pay most attention to the protection of personal privacy by the platform side in the dimension of perceived value. (4) Users’ trust in the platform is relatively high, their willingness to use the platform in the future is strong, and the dimensions of online interactive discussion, willingness to pay, and paid services are highly recognized.
Knee Laxity in the Menstrual Cycle after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Case Series
Authors: Shagawa Mayuu , Maruyama Sae , Sekine Chie , Yokota Hirotake , Hirabayashi Ryo , Togashi Ryoya , Yamada Yuki , Osanami Haruki , Sato Daisuke , Edama Mutsuaki
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to compare anterior knee laxity (AKL), genu recurvatum (GR), and muscle stiffness between reconstructed and contralateral sides in females who underwent anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction during early follicular and ovulatory phases. AKL was measured as an anterior displacement of the tibia using a KS measure. GR was measured as the range of motion of knee hyperextension using a hyperextension apparatus. Muscle stiffness was measured for semitendinosus (ST) and biceps femoris long head (BF) using a MyotonPRO. The study investigated eighteen knees in nine females (Age, 20.4 ± 1.5 years; BMI, 21.5 ± 1.5) with normal menstrual cycles at least 1 year after reconstruction using hamstring autograft. E2 (Estradiol) concentration did not differ between the two phases, but AKL on the reconstructed side was lower during the ovulatory phase (8.3 [5.9–9.3] mm) than during the early follicular phase (9.4 [7.3–9.7] mm) (p = 0.044, r = 0.756), whereas there was no significant difference between the two phases on the contralateral side. AKL side-to-side difference, GR, and muscle stiffness (ST and BF) on both sides did not differ in either phase. These results indicate that AKL may behave differently on the reconstructed and contralateral sides during the menstrual cycle.
An Emergency Driving Intervention System Designed for Driver Disability Scenarios Based on Emergency Risk Field
Authors: Wang Yuning , Yang Shuocheng , Li Jinhao , Xu Shaobing , Wang Jianqiang
Published: January 2023

Driver disability has become an increasing factor leading to traffic accidents, especially for commercial vehicle drivers who endure high mental and physical pressure because of long periods of work. Once driver disability occurs, e.g., heart disease or heat stroke, the loss of driving control may lead to serious traffic incidents and public damage. This paper proposes a novel driving intervention system for autonomous danger avoidance under driver disability conditions, including a quantitative risk assessment module named the Emergency Safety Field (ESF) and a motion-planning module. The ESF considers three factors affecting hedging behavior: road boundaries, obstacles, and target position. In the field-based framework, each factor is modeled as an individual risk source generating repulsive or attractive force fields. Individual risk distributions are regionally weighted and merged into one unified emergency safety field denoting the level of danger to the ego vehicle. With risk evaluation, a path–velocity-coupled motion planning module was designed to generate a safe and smooth trajectory to pull the vehicle over. The results of our experiments show that the proposed algorithms have obvious advantages in success rate, efficiency, stability, and safety compared with the traditional method. Validation on multiple simulation and real-world platforms proves the feasibility and adaptivity of the module in traffic scenarios.
Direct and Indirect Management Models in Public Health in the Framework of Mental Health
Authors: Puerto-Casasasnovas Elena , Galiana-Richart Jorge , Mastrantonio-Ramos María Paola , López-Muñoz Francisco , Rocafort-Nicolau Alfredo
Published: January 2023

This article analyzes the relationship between per capita expenditure and financial and macroeconomic variables in the framework of mental health, in regions where the prevailing system is public healthcare governed by the state and in regions where the prevailing system is that of public ownership. The period 2006–2017 was analyzed. A simple linear regression analysis was carried out to determine the relationship between the expenditure per inhabitant and a series of relevant variables such as asset turnover, cash flow, and expenditure as a percentage of gross domestic product (GDP), applying statistical tests to validate the study. In regions where public–private co-financing prevails in the health system, two crucial variables to measure per capita expenditure on mental health were GDP per capita and cash flow of mental health providers. In the regions where management is direct, the crucial variables were asset turnover of mental health providers and expenditure on mental health as a percentage of GDP per capita. These elements are key to determining how to develop public investment policies in hospital systems in the different regions of Europe and the world.
What Factors Dominate the Change of PM2.5 in the World from 2000 to 2019? A Study from Multi-Source Data
Authors: Xu Xiankang , Shi Kaifang , Huang Zhongyu , Shen Jingwei
Published: January 2023

As the threat to human life and health from fine particulate matter (PM2.5) increases globally, the life and health problems caused by environmental pollution are also of increasing concern. Understanding past trends in PM2.5 and exploring the drivers of PM2.5 are important tools for addressing the life-threatening health problems caused by PM2.5. In this study, we calculated the change in annual average global PM2.5 concentrations from 2000 to 2020 using the Theil–Sen median trend analysis method and reveal spatial and temporal trends in PM2.5 concentrations over twenty-one years. The qualitative and quantitative effects of different drivers on PM2.5 concentrations in 2020 were explored from natural and socioeconomic perspectives using a multi-scale geographically weighted regression model. The results show that there is significant spatial heterogeneity in trends in PM2.5 concentration, with significant decreases in PM2.5 concentrations mainly in developed regions, such as the United States, Canada, Japan and the European Union countries, and conversely, significant increases in PM2.5 in developing regions, such as Africa, the Middle East and India. In addition, in regions with more advanced science and technology and urban management, PM2.5 concentrations are more evenly influenced by various factors, with a more negative influence. In contrast, regions at the rapid development stage usually continue their economic development at the cost of the environment, and under a high intensity of human activity. Increased temperature is known as the most important factor for the increase in PM2.5 concentration, while an increase in NDVI can play an important role in the reduction in PM2.5 concentration. This suggests that countries can achieve good air quality goals by setting a reasonable development path.
Automatic Text-Mining Approach to Identify Molecular Target Candidates Associated with Metabolic Processes for Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1
Authors: Kuntawala Dhvani H. , Martins Filipa , Vitorino Rui , Rebelo Sandra
Published: January 2023

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disease caused by abnormal expansion of unstable CTG repeats in the 3′ untranslated region of the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This disease mainly affects skeletal muscle, resulting in myotonia, progressive distal muscle weakness, and atrophy, but also affects other tissues and systems, such as the heart and central nervous system. Despite some studies reporting therapeutic strategies for DM1, many issues remain unsolved, such as the contribution of metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunctions to DM1 pathogenesis. Therefore, it is crucial to identify molecular target candidates associated with metabolic processes for DM1. In this study, resorting to a bibliometric analysis, articles combining DM1, and metabolic/metabolism terms were identified and further analyzed using an unbiased strategy of automatic text mining with VOSviewer software. A list of candidate molecular targets for DM1 associated with metabolic/metabolism was generated and compared with genes previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Furthermore, g:Profiler was used to perform a functional enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology (GO) and REAC databases. Enriched signaling pathways were identified using integrated bioinformatics enrichment analyses. The results revealed that only 15 of the genes identified in the bibliometric analysis were previously associated with DM1 in the DisGeNET database. Of note, we identified 71 genes not previously associated with DM1, which are of particular interest and should be further explored. The functional enrichment analysis of these genes revealed that regulation of cellular metabolic and metabolic processes were the most associated biological processes. Additionally, a number of signaling pathways were found to be enriched, e.g., signaling by receptor tyrosine kinases, signaling by NRTK1 (TRKA), TRKA activation by NGF, PI3K-AKT activation, prolonged ERK activation events, and axon guidance. Overall, several valuable target candidates related to metabolic processes for DM1 were identified, such as NGF, NTRK1, RhoA, ROCK1, ROCK2, DAG, ACTA, ID1, ID2 MYOD, and MYOG. Therefore, our study strengthens the hypothesis that metabolic dysfunctions contribute to DM1 pathogenesis, and the exploitation of metabolic dysfunction targets is crucial for the development of future therapeutic interventions for DM1.
Help-Seeking Intentions for Depression and Associated Factors among Chinese Perinatal Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Huang Sasa , Hu Ying , Fu Bing , Tang Guanxiu , Chen Zhihong , Zhang Lijuan , Xiao Meili , Lei Jun
Published: January 2023

A low help-seeking intention for depression is an important reason for the low number of women with perinatal depression who have sought professional help. However, evidence of help-seeking intentions for depression is still lacking in Chinese perinatal women. We aimed to investigate the help-seeking intention for depression and its associated factors among Chinese perinatal women. Participants were recruited from three comprehensive hospitals in Changsha. A total of 874 perinatal women were included in the study. The score for the help-seeking intention for depression in Chinese perinatal women was 3.65 ± 0.79, with about half of participants (58.3%) reporting that they were “likely” and “strongly likely” to seek professional help if they suffered from depression during the perinatal period. Favorable help-seeking attitudes and sufficient knowledge of mental illness help-seeking resources were positively associated with help-seeking intentions for depression. However, self-stigma decreased the help-seeking intention for depression. Chinese perinatal women had relatively positive help-seeking intentions for depression. Reducing the stigma of mental illness and help-seeking, enhancing mental health literacy, and improving attitudes toward professional psychological help-seeking of perinatal women may be the potential key components of interventions to encourage perinatal women to actively seek professional psychological help.
Development and Evaluation of Sedentary Time Cut-Points for the activPAL in Adults Using the GGIR R-Package
Authors: Buchan Duncan S. , Baker Julien S.
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study was to develop sedentary cut-points for the activPAL and evaluate their performance against a criterion measure (i.e., activPAL processed by PALbatch). Part 1: Thirty-five adults (23.4 ± 3.6 years) completed 12 laboratory activities (6 sedentary and 6 non-sedentary activities). Receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves proposed optimal Euclidean Norm Minus One (ENMO) and Mean Amplitude Deviation (MAD) cut-points of 26.4 mg (ENMO) and 30.1 mg (MAD). Part 2: Thirty-eight adults (22.6 ± 4.1 years) wore an activPAL during free-living. Estimates from PALbatch and MAD revealed a mean percent error (MPE) of 2.2%, mean absolute percent error (MAPE) of 6.5%, limits of agreement (LoA) of 19% with absolute and relative equivalence zones of 5% and 0.3 SD. Estimates from PALbatch and ENMO revealed an MPE of −10.6%, MAPE of 14.4%, LoA of 31% and 16% and 1 SD equivalence zones. After standing was isolated from sedentary behaviours, ROC analysis proposed an optimal cut-off of 21.9 mg (herein ENMOs). Estimates from PALbatch and ENMOs revealed an MPE of 3.1%, MAPE of 7.5%, LoA of 25% and 9% and 0.5 SD equivalence zones. The MAD and ENMOs cut-points performed best in discriminating between sedentary and non-sedentary activity during free-living.
Biochar Facilitated Direct Interspecies Electron Transfer in Anaerobic Digestion to Alleviate Antibiotics Inhibition and Enhance Methanogenesis: A Review
Authors: Zhang Kaoming , Deng Yuepeng , Liu Zhiquan , Feng Yiping , Hu Chun , Wang Zhu
Published: January 2023

Efficient conversion of organic waste into low-carbon biofuels such as methane through anaerobic digestion (AD) is a promising technology to alleviate energy shortages. However, issues such as inefficient methane production and poor system stability remain for AD technology. Biochar-facilitated direct interspecies electron transfer (DIET) has recently been recognized as an important strategy to improve AD performance. Nonetheless, the underlying mechanisms of biochar-facilitated DIET are still largely unknown. For this reason, this review evaluated the role of biochar-facilitated DIET mechanism in enhancing AD performance. First, the evolution of DIET was introduced. Then, applications of biochar-facilitated DIET for alleviating antibiotic inhibition and enhancing methanogenesis were summarized. Next, the electrochemical mechanism of biochar-facilitated DIET including electrical conductivity, redox-active characteristics, and electron transfer system activity was discussed. It can be concluded that biochar increased the abundance of potential DIET microorganisms, facilitated microbial aggregation, and regulated DIET-associated gene expression as a microbial mechanism. Finally, we also discussed the challenges of biochar in practical application. This review elucidated the role of DIET facilitated by biochar in the AD system, which would advance our understanding of the DIET mechanism underpinning the interaction of biochar and anaerobic microorganisms. However, direct evidence for the occurrence of biochar-facilitated DIET still requires further investigation.
A Cross-Sectional Study on Cognitive Vulnerability Patterns in Dental Anxiety: The Italian Validation of the Dental Fear Maintenance Questionnaire (DFMQ)
Authors: Gasparro Roberta , Di Spirito Federica , Cangiano Mario , De Benedictis Arianna , Sammartino Pasquale , Sammartino Gilberto , Bochicchio Vincenzo , Maldonato Nelson Mauro , Scandurra Cristiano
Published: January 2023

Dental anxiety is a crucial problem for dentistry because it may represent a significant risk to oral health. Within the framework of the Cognitive Vulnerability Model (CVM), which sheds light on the cognitive vulnerability patterns that may cause dental anxiety, this study aimed to assess the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the Dental Fear Maintenance Questionnaire (DFMQ). The DFMQ is a 32-item questionnaire that assesses four cognitive vulnerability patterns, i.e., dangerousness, disgust, unpredictability, and uncontrollability. In a sample of 200 dental patients who had accessed public-university-hospital dental surgery, this study assessed the model fit of the DFMQ and different types of validity (i.e., predictive, convergent, construct, and discriminant validity). In addition, potential differences between DFMQ dimensions were assessed based on gender (men vs. women) and age ranges. All indicators of cognitive vulnerability were significantly associated with high dental anxiety when each variable was included independently. In contrast, when the DFMQ subscales were considered together, only unpredictability and uncontrollability were found to be associated with high dental anxiety. Women had higher scores for unpredictability, uncontrollability, and general dangerousness than men. In addition, older patients had higher scores for some vulnerability cognitive patterns than younger patients. This study provides Italian dentists and researchers with a valid questionnaire to assess cognitive factors associated with dental anxiety.
How Does COVID-19 Risk Perception Affect Sense of Control? The Roles of Death Anxiety and Confucian Coping
Authors: Huang Lianqiong , Hou Yubo , Sun Zhaoyang , Wang Qi
Published: January 2023

This research examined the impact of COVID-19 risk perception on sense of control, testing the hypotheses that COVID-19 risk perception would reduce sense of control and that this effect would be mediated by death anxiety and moderated by Confucian coping. A series of six studies were conducted with Chinese participants (N = 2202) and employed different research designs in lab and real-life settings. Across the studies, we found that the perceived risk of COVID-19 impaired sense of control. Studies 3a to 5 further revealed that death anxiety mediated the adverse effect of COVID-19 risk perception on sense of control, and Studies 4 to 5 revealed that Confucian coping strategies alleviated the adverse effect of COVID-19 risk perception on sense of control. These findings shed new light on the psychological impact of risk perception in times of crisis and identify mitigating factors and boundary conditions.
Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Benefit of a Novel Clinical Decision Support System for the Management of COVID-19 Patients in Home Quarantine: A Study Protocol
Authors: Alcoceba-Herrero Irene , Coco-Martín María Begoña , Leal-Vega Luis , Martín-Gutiérrez Adrián , Peña-de Diego Lidia , Dueñas-Gutiérrez Carlos , de Castro-Rodríguez Flor , Royuela-Ruiz Pablo , Arenillas-Lara Juan F.
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: We present the protocol of a randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the benefit of a novel clinical decision support system for the management of patients with COVID-19. (2) Methods: The study will recruit up to 500 participants (250 cases and 250 controls). Both groups will receive the conventional telephone follow-up protocol by primary care and will also be provided with access to a mobile application, in which they will be able to report their symptoms three times a day. In addition, patients in the active group will receive a wearable smartwatch and a pulse oximeter at home for real-time monitoring. The measured data will be visualized by primary care and emergency health service professionals, allowing them to detect in real time the progression and complications of the disease in order to promote early therapeutic interventions based on their clinical judgement. (3) Results: Ethical approval for this study was obtained from the Drug Research Ethics Committee of the Valladolid East Health Area (CASVE-NM-21-516). The results obtained from this study will form part of the thesis of two PhD students and will be disseminated through publication in a peer-reviewed journal. (4) Conclusions: The implementation of this telemonitoring system can be extrapolated to patients with other similar diseases, such as chronic diseases, with a high prevalence and need for close monitoring.
Young Age, Liver Dysfunction, and Neurostimulant Use as Independent Risk Factors for Post-Traumatic Seizures: A Multiracial Single-Center Experience
Authors: Oey Nicodemus Edrick , Tan Pei Ting , Pande Shrikant Digambarrao
Published: January 2023

We aimed to determine the potentially modifiable risk factors that are predictive of post-traumatic brain injury seizures in relation to the severity of initial injury, neurosurgical interventions, neurostimulant use, and comorbidities. This retrospective study was conducted on traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients admitted to a single center from March 2008 to October 2017. We recruited 151 patients from a multiracial background with TBI, of which the data from 141 patients were analyzed, as 10 were excluded due to incomplete follow-up records or a past history of seizures. Of the remaining 141 patients, 33 (24.4%) patients developed seizures during long-term follow up post-TBI. Young age, presence of cerebral contusion, Indian race, low Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) scores on admission, and use of neurostimulant medications were associated with increased risk of seizures. In conclusion, due to increased risk of seizures, younger TBI patients, as well as patients with low GCS on admission, cerebral contusions on brain imaging, and those who received neurostimulants or neurosurgical interventions should be monitored for post-TBI seizures. While it is possible that these findings may be explained by the differing mechanisms of injury in younger vs. older patients, the finding that patients on neurostimulants had an increased risk of seizures will need to be investigated in future studies.
Organic Compounds and Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria Behavior in Greywater Treated by a Constructed Wetland
Authors: Monsalves Naomi , Leiva Ana María , Gómez Gloria , Vidal Gladys
Published: January 2023

Laundry greywater is considered as an alternative source of non-potable water, as it is discharged in approximately 70% of homes. Because this water contains compounds such as biodegradable and recalcitrant organic matter, surfactants, and microbiological compounds, it must be treated prior to reuse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the behavior of organic matter and antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) in greywater treated by a constructed wetland (CW). The results show that the organic matter removal efficiencies were 67.19%, 50.15%, and 63.57% for biological oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC), respectively; these efficiencies were not significant (p > 0.05). In addition, the CW allows the distribution of TOC and ionic compounds in the fractions below 1000 Da to increase by 5.03% and 13.05%, respectively. Meanwhile, the treatment of microbiological compounds generated non-significant removals (p > 0.05), along with increases in bacteria resistant to the antibiotics ciprofloxacin (CIP) and ceftriaxone (CTX) of 36.34%, and 40.79%, respectively. In addition, a strong association between ARB to CIP, CTX, cationic and non-ionic surfactants was determined, indicating the role of surfactants in ARB selection. It is suggested that disinfection systems should be employed prior to the reuse of the treated water.
Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze Teacher Training in Inclusive Education in the Area of Physical Education: The CEFI-R Questionnaire
Authors: Rojo-Ramos Jorge , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Gómez-Paniagua Santiago , García-Gordillo Miguel Ángel , Denche-Zamorano Ángel , Pérez-Gómez Jorge
Published: January 2023

Inclusive education is a right that has captured the attention of public institutions, researchers, and teaching professionals around the world. The beliefs and perceptions of teachers are a fundamental axis in knowing the state of these professionals regarding this ethical principle, allowing them to develop and implement different strategies. This study aims to explore the reliability and factor structure of the Evaluation of Teachers’ Preparation for Inclusion (CEFI-R) questionnaire among physical education teachers. The sample consisted of 789 Spanish in-service teachers who completed the questionnaire to assess their readiness for inclusion in this subject. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses as well as reliability testing were carried out. A factor structure with four dimensions (conception of diversity, methodology, support, and community participation) was obtained. These dimensions consisted of 17 items with good and excellent goodness-of-fit values. In addition, a high reliability was obtained (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.71−0.93). Therefore, the CEFI-R could be considered a valid and reliable tool to analyze physical education teachers’ perceptions of their preparedness for inclusive education.
Response of Grassland Soil Quality to Shallow Plowing and Nutrient Addition
Authors: Li Bin , Ren Guohua , Hou Xiangyang , An Xiaotian , Lv Guanhua
Published: January 2023

Due to differences in the soil environment and grassland management measures, the change characteristics of soil microbial entropy and soil comprehensive quality in different types of grassland may vary significantly. In this study, the spatial variation characteristics of grassland soil microbial entropy under shallow plowing and nutrient addition measures were studied using a networking experimental platform established in a temperate meadow steppe, typical steppe, and desert steppe in northern China. The grassland soil quality was comprehensively evaluated to provide a theoretical basis for the scientific and reasonable management of grasslands under global climate change. The results show that in the meadow steppe, shallow plowing and nutrient addition significantly decreased the soil microbial biomass carbon and microbial entropy in the region, resulting in a decrease in the comprehensive score of soil quality. In the typical steppe, due to the influence of shallow tillage measures, the microbial biomass of the grassland soil in the region was higher than that of the control group and its two treatments, and the comprehensive score of soil quality was ranked first among the four treatments. In the desert steppe, the interaction of shallow plowing and nutrient addition significantly increased the soil microbial entropy in the region. Under the nutrient addition measures, the soil microbial entropy of the desert steppe showed a downward trend. In addition, the soil C/N ratio of the desert grassland under nutrient addition measures increased significantly, and the comprehensive score of soil quality ranked first among the four treatments as the microbial entropy decreased significantly.
A Task Complexity Analysis Method to Study the Emergency Situation under Automated Metro System
Authors: Niu Ke , Liu Wenbo , Zhang Jia , Liang Mengxuan , Li Huimin , Zhang Yaqiong , Du Yihang
Published: January 2023

System upgrades and team members interactions lead to changes in task structure. Therefore, in order to handle emergencies efficiently and safely, a comprehensive method of the traffic dispatching team task complexity (TDTTC) is proposed based on team cognitive work analysis (Team-CWA) and network feature analysis. The method comes from the perspective of the socio-technical system. Two stages were included in this method. In the first stage, four phases of Team-CWA, i.e., team work domain analysis, team control task analysis, team strategies analysis, and team worker competencies analysis, were applied in the qualitative analysis of TDTTC. Then in the second stage, a mapping process was established based on events and information cues. After the team task network was established, the characteristic indexes of node degree/average degree, average shortest path length, agglomeration coefficient, and overall network performance for TDTTC were extracted to analyze TDTTC quantitatively. The cases of tasks for screen door fault under grade of automation GOA1–GOA4 were compared. The results revealed that the more nodes and communication between nodes, the larger the network scale was, which would lead to the TDTTC being more complicated no matter what level of automation system it was under. This method is not only the exploration of cognitive engineering theory in the field of task complexity, but also the innovation of team task complexity in the development of automatic metro operation.
Spatiotemporal Evolution and Driving Forces of PM2.5 in Urban Agglomerations in China
Authors: Yang Huilin , Yao Rui , Sun Peng , Ge Chenhao , Ma Zice , Bian Yaojin , Liu Ruilin
Published: January 2023

With the rapid development of China’s economy, the process of industrialization and urbanization is accelerating, and environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. The urban agglomerations (UAs) are the fastest growing economy and are also areas with serious air pollution. Based on the monthly mean PM2.5 concentration data of 20 UAs in China from 2015 to 2019, the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of PM2.5 were analyzed in UAs. The effects of natural and social factors on PM2.5 concentrations in 20 UAs were quantified using the geographic detector. The results showed that (1) most UAs in China showed the most severe pollution in winter and the least in summer. Seasonal differences were most significant in the Central Henan and Central Shanxi UAs. However, the PM2.5 was highest in March in the central Yunnan UA, and the Harbin-Changchun and mid-southern Liaoning UAs had the highest PM2.5 in October. (2) The highest PM2.5 concentrations were located in northern China, with an overall decreasing trend of pollution. Among them, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, central Shanxi, central Henan, and Shandong Peninsula UAs had the highest concentrations of PM2.5. Although most of the UAs had severe pollution in winter, the central Yunnan, Beibu Gulf, and the West Coast of the Strait UAs had lower PM2.5 concentrations in winter. These areas are mountainous, have high temperatures, and are subject to land and sea breezes, which makes the pollutants more conducive to diffusion. (3) In most UAs, socioeconomic factors such as social electricity consumption, car ownership, and the use of foreign investment are the main factors affecting PM2.5 concentration. However, PM2.5 in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are chiefly influenced by natural factors such as temperature and precipitation.
Does Standing Up Enhance Performance on the Stroop Task in Healthy Young Adults? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Šömen Maja Maša , Peskar Manca , Wollesen Bettina , Gramann Klaus , Marusic Uros
Published: January 2023

Understanding the changes in cognitive processing that accompany changes in posture can expand our understanding of embodied cognition and open new avenues for applications in (neuro)ergonomics. Recent studies have challenged the question of whether standing up alters cognitive performance. An electronic database search for randomized controlled trials was performed using Academic Search Complete, CINAHL Ultimate, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Web of Science following PRISMA guidelines, PICOS framework, and standard quality assessment criteria (SQAC). We pooled data from a total of 603 healthy young adults for incongruent and 578 for congruent stimuli and Stroop effect (mean age = 24 years). Using random-effects results, no difference was found between sitting and standing for the Stroop effect (Hedges’ g = 0.13, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.29, p = 0.134), even when comparing congruent (Hedges’ g = 0.10; 95% CI: −0.132 to 0.339; Z = 0.86; p = 0.389) and incongruent (Hedges’ g = 0.18; 95% CI: −0.072 to 0.422; Z = 1.39; p = 0.164) stimuli separately. Importantly, these results imply that changing from a seated to a standing posture in healthy young adults is unlikely to have detrimental effects on selective attention and cognitive control. To gain a full understanding of this phenomenon, further research should examine this effect in a population of healthy older adults, as well as in a population with pathology.
Chemical Element Mixtures and Kidney Function in Mining and Non-Mining Settings in Northern Colombia
Authors: Rodriguez-Villamizar Laura A. , Medina Olga M. , Flórez-Vargas Oscar , Vilanova Eugenio , Idrovo Alvaro J. , Araque-Rodriguez Santiago A. , Henao José A. , Sánchez-Rodríguez Luz H.
Published: January 2023

The exposure to chemical mixtures is a problem of concern in developing countries and it is well known that the kidney is the major target organ for toxic elements. This cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the individual and composite mixture effect of a large number of chemical elements on kidney function in gold-mining and surrounding non-mining populations in northeast Colombia. We measured concentrations of 36 chemical elements in hair as indicators of chronic exposure from 199 adult participants. We estimated the effect of exposure to mixtures of chemical elements on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) using weighted quantile sum regression (WQS). The WQS index of the mixture was associated with reduced eGFR (Coefficient −2.42; 95%CI: −4.69, −0.16) being Be, Cd, Pb, As, and Mn, the principal contributors of the toxic mixture. Mining activities and Hg concentration were not associated with decreased kidney function. Our results suggest that complex mixtures of chemical elements, mainly heavy metals, act as nephrotoxic in these populations and therefore the analysis of chemical element mixtures is a better approach to identify environmental and occupational chemical risks for kidney damage.
The Correlation between Residual Primitive Reflexes and Clock Reading Difficulties in School-Aged Children—A Pilot Study
Authors: Kalemba Agata , Lorent Maria , Blythe Sally Goddard , Gieysztor Ewa
Published: January 2023

The aim of the pilot project was to research relationships between the occurrence and level of intensity of primitive reflexes in primary school children, the ability to read an analogue clock and to tell the time. A group of 28 children (14 girls and 14 boys) who attended Montessori Primary School was examined. In the first stage, participants were assessed for the presence of five primitive reflexes (PR): the asymmetrical tonic neck reflex (ATNR), symmetrical tonic neck reflex (STNR), spinal Galant reflex, tonic labyrinthine reflex (TLR) and Palmar grasp reflex. Romberg’s test was employed to identify signs of difficulties with control of balance and/or proprioception. In the second stage, pupils underwent tests that challenged their ability to read a clock and calculate passing time. After summing up points obtained for all tests, a correlation coefficient was made from which the results were derived. There is a negative correlation between the ability to read an analogue clock and the continued presence of some primitive reflexes. Lower neuromotor maturity (higher points of PR) correlates with lower ability to read a clock. The highest correlations between difficulty with telling the time were found with persistence of the STNR, ATNR and Romberg’s test.
The Relationship between Energy Consumption, CO2 Emissions, Economic Growth, and Health Indicators
Authors: Li Jing , Irfan Muhammad , Samad Sarminah , Ali Basit , Zhang Yao , Badulescu Daniel , Badulescu Alina
Published: January 2023

The health and wellness of people through life expectancy, mortality rate improvement, and sustaining the productivity of labor contributes a lot to national income. Infrastructure development consumes energy and releases carbon dioxide at different stages of the construction process. The current study explores the nexus between CO2 emission, energy consumption, mortality, life expectancy, and GDP in the top five carbon-emitting countries by using time series data from 1975 to 2015. The study used a cointegration technique to find the long- and short-run relationships between study variables. The study also used a structural break test to identify the break time. The results of the correlation matrix show strong positive correlation between CO2 emissions and energy consumption. It also reflects a weak correlation with mortality and life expectancy in Japan and Russia. The results of the ADF test indicated that the series are stationary at first difference and provided evidence to use Johansen cointegration test for long- and short-run relationships between independent series. Vector error correction term and ECT method are used to find long-run relationships between cointegrated series and adjustment parameters. For the structural breaks of health indicators and energy consumption study, we used the Gregory Hanson structural break. Mortality rate and life expectancy rate of China, U.S., Russia, India, and Japan show relevant policy changes with economic policies of each country.
E-Cigarette Quit Attempts and Experiences in a Convenience Sample of Adult Users
Authors: Bluestein Meagan A. , Bejarano Geronimo , Tackett Alayna P. , Duano Jaimie C. , Rawls Shelby Grace , Vandewater Elizabeth A. , Ahluwalia Jasjit S. , Hébert Emily T.
Published: January 2023

Most e-cigarette users report planning to quit, but there is a paucity of evidence-based interventions for e-cigarette cessation. In the absence of interventions for e-cigarette cessation, we sought to understand how and why e-cigarette users attempt to quit on their own. Participants were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk, an online crowdsourcing platform. Those who reported they had ever used e-cigarettes regularly and had attempted to quit e-cigarette use were eligible for participation. Measures included demographic characteristics, other tobacco product use, e-cigarette device characteristics, barriers to quitting e-cigarettes, and facilitators to quitting e-cigarettes. A content analysis was conducted on twotwo open-ended questions that asked about advice respondents had for others trying to quit vaping and resources they wished they had during their quit attempt. Descriptive analyses were performed (means/standard errors; frequencies/proportions). A total of 89.0% reported using an e-cigarette with nicotine, 20.2% reported a nicotine concentration of 4–6 mg/mL%, 32.8% reported using multiple flavors, and 77.7% reported using their e-cigarette every day or some days. The primary reason reported for wanting to quit e-cigarettes was health concerns (42.2%), and 56.7% reported trying to quit “cold turkey”. During quit attempts, 41.0% reported intense cravings and 53.1% reported stress as a trigger. From the content analysis, the most commonly cited suggestion for those wanting to quit e-cigarettes was distractions/hobbies (19.9%), followed by reducing/tapering down nicotine (16.9%). Descriptive information on demographics, e-cigarette use, device characteristics, barriers, facilitators, and quit methods provides a first step in identifying factors that contribute to successful interventions designed for e-cigarette cessation.
Effects of Transcranial Pulse Stimulation (TPS) on Adults with Symptoms of Depression—A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Cheung Teris , Li Tim Man Ho , Ho Yuen Shan , Kranz Georg , Fong Kenneth N. K. , Leung Sau Fong , Lam Simon Ching , Yeung Wing Fai , Lam Joyce Yuen Ting , Fong Kwan Hin , Beisteiner Roland , Xiang Yu-Tao , Cheng Calvin Pak Wing
Published: January 2023

Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is a recent development in non-invasive brain stimulations (NIBS) that has been proven to be effective in terms of significantly improving Alzheimer patients’ cognition, memory, and execution functions. Nonetheless, there is, currently, no trial evaluating the efficacy of TPS on adults with major depression disorder (MDD) nationwide. In this single-blinded, randomized controlled trial, a 2-week TPS treatment comprising six 30 min TPS sessions were administered to participants. Participants were randomized into either the TPS group or the Waitlist Control (WC) group, stratified by gender and age according to a 1:1 ratio. Our primary outcome was evaluated by the Hamilton depression rating scale-17 (HDRS-17). We recruited 30 participants that were aged between 18 and 54 years, predominantly female (73%), and ethnic Chinese from 1 August to 31 October 2021. Moreover, there was a significant group x time interaction (F(1, 28) = 18.8, p < 0.001). Further, when compared with the WC group, there was a significant reduction in the depressive symptom severity in the TPS group (mean difference = −6.60, p = 0.02, and Cohen’s d = −0.93). The results showed a significant intervention effect; in addition, the effect was large and sustainable at the 3-month follow-up. In this trial, it was found that TPS is effective in reducing depressive symptoms among adults with MDD.
How Confinement and Back to Normal Affected the Well-Being and Thus Sleep, Headaches and Temporomandibular Disorders
Authors: Rosales Leal Juan Ignacio , Sánchez Vaca Cristian , Ryaboshapka Aleksandra , de Carlos Villafranca Félix , Rubio Escudero Miguel Ángel
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic is having negative consequences not only for people’s general health but also for the masticatory system. This article aimed to assess confinement and its new normal impact on well-being, sleep, headaches, and temporomandibular disorders (TMD). An anonymous survey was distributed to a Spanish university community. Participants completed a well-being index (WHO-5), a questionnaire related to sleep quality (the BEARS test), a headache diagnostic test (the tension type headache (TTH) and migraine diagnosis test), and the DC-TMD questionnaire. Questions were addressed in three scenarios: before confinement, during confinement, and the new normal. A total of 436 responses were collected (70% women, 30% men). A reduction in well-being and sleep quality was recorded. Respondents reported more TTH and migraines during and after confinement. Overall, confinement and return to normal did not increase TMD symptoms, and only minor effects were observed, such as more intense joint pain and a higher incidence of muscle pain in women during confinement. Reduced well-being is correlated with sleep quality loss, headaches, and TMD symptoms. This study provides evidence that pandemics and confinement might have had a negative impact on population health. Well-being was strongly affected, as were sleep quality, depression risk, TTH, and migraine frequency. In contrast, the temporomandibular joint and muscles showed more resilience and were only slightly affected.
Practical Implications of the Millennial Generation’s Consumer Behaviour in the Food Market
Authors: Barska Anetta , Wojciechowska-Solis Julia , Wyrwa Joanna , Jędrzejczak-Gas Janina
Published: January 2023

Generational theory assumes that generational cohorts develop similar attitudes and beliefs. The Generation Y/Millennials group is currently one of the most important generations in the market as they have a presence in the labour market with a high income of their own, which creates higher demand for products, especially in the food market which is very sensitive to consumer decisions. The aim of this study was to show the consumer behaviour of Generation Y in the market for innovative food products and to propose marketing models created on the basis of research on a Polish sample of Millennials. The research was conducted in the period before the COVID-19 pandemic on a group of 544 selected respondents. Descriptive statistics of the SPSS program were used to process the results obtained. Among the most important of the results was identifying the decision-makers who are purchasing innovative products and the influence of third parties on their decision. In the first instance, consumers look for innovative food products in large retail chains (hypermarkets and supermarkets), however, they pay attention to both the quality of the products on offer and the price. Values such as freshness and taste also play a role in their purchasing decisions. Sources of information about innovative products in the Polish food market include culinary blogs recommending innovative products, and the opinions of dieticians and nutritionists.
Strategies to Prevent and Cope with Adolescent Dating Violence: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Pastor-Bravo María del Mar , Vargas Elka , Medina-Maldonado Venus
Published: January 2023

Background: Dating violence has attracted scholarly interest from many fields because of its implications for adolescents’ health. This study aimed to learn which strategies adolescents use to address and prevent dating violence. Methods: Eight focus group discussions were analyzed, which included a total of 78 adolescents between 13 and 17 years old who had the signed consent of their parents or guardians. Results: The findings showed that the majority of adolescents lacked effective mechanisms to manage violence in their dating relationships, which were characterized by immaturity, a lack of trust in their families, and unrecognized relationship violence. Conclusions: Assessing roles and relationships, as well as coping mechanisms, is a valid way to approach adolescents and explore how they perceive interaction during dating and which strategies are used most frequently to prevent violence.
Integrated Machine Learning Decision Tree Model for Risk Evaluation in Patients with Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation When Taking Different Doses of Dabigatran
Authors: Huang Yung-Chuan , Cheng Yu-Chen , Jhou Mao-Jhen , Chen Mingchih , Lu Chi-Jie
Published: January 2023

The new generation of nonvitamin K antagonists are broadly applied for stroke prevention due to their notable efficacy and safety. Our study aimed to develop a suggestive utilization of dabigatran through an integrated machine learning (ML) decision-tree model. Participants taking different doses of dabigatran in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulant Therapy trial were included in our analysis and defined as the 110 mg and 150 mg groups. The proposed scheme integrated ML methods, namely naive Bayes, random forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), which were used to identify the essential variables for predicting vascular events in the 110 mg group and bleeding in the 150 mg group. RF (0.764 for 110 mg; 0.747 for 150 mg) and XGBoost (0.708 for 110 mg; 0.761 for 150 mg) had better area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) values than logistic regression (benchmark model; 0.683 for 110 mg; 0.739 for 150 mg). We then selected the top ten important variables as internal nodes of the CART decision tree. The two best CART models with ten important variables output tree-shaped rules for predicting vascular events in the 110 mg group and bleeding in the 150 mg group. Our model can be used to provide more visualized and interpretable suggestive rules to clinicians managing NVAF patients who are taking dabigatran.