bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Política informática y la gestión de la seguridad de la información en base a la norma ISO 27001
Authors: Ramos Mamami Roy Guiller , Cahuaya Ancco Rogelio , Llanqui Argollo Roberto René
Published: May 2023

La tecnología en los últimos tiempos ha ido cambiando a pasos agigantados y es natural aclimatarse a estoscambios tecnológicos y más aún por la pandemia covid-19 en el mundo, provocando el cambio drástico enlas estrategias de las empresas. El artículo que se presenta a continuación pretende describir las causas yefectos de la norma ISO 27000 enfocándose a la norma ISO 27001.En este sentido para asegurar una adecuada política de seguridad de la información que, ante la falta de unalegislación nacional sobre el tema, debe basarse en los estándares internacionales, el derecho comparado y autonomía de la voluntad. La metodología empleada para explicar las diversas áreas de impacto es la seguidapor la norma ISO 27001 en el dominio que hace referencia al cumplimiento y que comprende: La norma ISO27001 auxilia a las empresas en el cumplimiento de los requisitos legales, los cuales, tienen la finalidad deeludir la vulneración de la legislación o el incumplimiento de toda obligación legal de las entidades decualquier requisito de seguridad.
Seguridad de la información en el comercio electrónico basado en ISO 27001 : Una revisión sistemática
Authors: De La Cruz Rodríguez Gerson Roberth , Méndez Fernández Ronny Adrián , Mendoza De Los Santos Alberto Carlos
Published: May 2023

En los últimos años, con la popularización tan acelerada del eCommerce (comercio electrónico), que facilita mucho la vida de las personas que, solo dando un clic, tiene la posibilidad de adquirir innumerables productos prescindiendo de la infraestructura física del mundo real. Este crecimiento va de la mano con la seguridad de la información por el valor de esta por lo tanto se vio necesario analizar las evidencias aportadas desde la investigación para conocer el estado actual de la gestión de la seguridad de la información en el ámbito del eCommerce. Se ha llevado a cabo una revisión sistemática siguiendo las directrices PRISMA de los artículos publicados encontrados en Scopus, incluyendo un total de 6 artículos. Los resultados señalan consistentemente que los sistemas de eCommerce son vulnerables en gran manera, y para esto se requiere de una mejora en la gestión de la seguridad de la información y una gestión de riesgos de seguridad consciente de las amenazas que van en aumento, para así ofrecer un buen servicio de ciberseguridad. Actualmente se encuentran en el mercado muchos gestores que ayudan a tener segura la información de las empresas, los cuales abarcan las necesidades de los sistemas y sus vulnerabilidades en conjunto, correspondientes a la gestión de la seguridad de la información relacionada con el eCommerce, pero la norma ISO 27001 abarca en gran manera muchas áreas de la seguridad de la información en una empresa, la cual brinda una mayor protección y confianza de los datos de sus clientes.
Predicción de la presión de burbujeo utilizando aprendizaje automático
Authors: Gil Oscar
Published: May 2023

En el presente estudio se utilizó la colección de algoritmos de aprendizaje automático del programa Weka para predecir la presión de burbujeo de 36 muestras de petróleo, determinando la precisión de sus resultados con el método de prueba validación cruzada de 10 pliegues. Posteriormente, para efectos de comparación, se calcularon las presiones de burbujeo con la correlación generada en el trabajo del cual se tomaron las muestras y sus resultados fueron más precisos que los obtenidos por los algoritmos en 4 de las 7 métricas de rendimiento utilizadas. En virtud de esta situación, y considerando que la correlación fue evaluada con los mismos datos con los que fue generada, se cambió el método de prueba a validación con los datos de entrenamiento y se volvieron a predecir las presiones de burbujeo. En igualdad de condiciones, el aprendizaje automático obtuvo mayor precisión que la correlación en todas las métricas de rendimiento.
Predicción del éxito del telemarketing bancario mediante el uso de árboles de decisión
Authors: Ventura Ramos Rony Tito , Jacobo Castillo Andrew Pold , Begazo Ticona Jesus , Gomez Velasco Brian Jhosep
Published: May 2023

El telemercadeo es una técnica interactiva de mercadeo directo en la que un agente de telemercadeo solicita clientes potenciales a través del teléfono para realizar una venta de mercadería o servicio. Uno de los grandes problemas del telemarketing es especificar la lista de clientes que presentan una mayor probabilidad de comprar el producto que se ofrece. En este artículo proponemos un sistema de apoyo en la toma de decisiones personalizado que puede predecir automáticamente la decisión del público objetivo luego de realizar una llamada de telemarketing, con el fin de aumentar la efectividad de las campañas publicitarias directas y en consecuencia reducir el costo y tiempo de la campaña. El método de inteligencia artificial utilizado en este trabajo es el árbol de decisión evaluado con las métricas de precisión, exactitud y exhaustividad. Luego de aplicar el método de inteligencia artificial obtenemos una exactitud, precisión y exhaustividad mayor al 80%. Las conclusiones a los que el equipo llegó son que para mejorar el modelo de árbol de decisión es importante realizar un análisis previo de los datos mediante técnicas estadísticas o diagramas, para obtener referencia de los datos y aplicar técnicas de balanceo para obtener el mejor modelo posible.
Methodology for quantification of exhaled pollutant emissions in residential buildings
Authors: Manzueta Felix Robiel Eilyn , Martín-Gómez César , Zuazua-Ros Amaia , Ramos González Juan Carlos , De Brito Andrade Leonardo , Ariño Arturo H.
Published: May 2023

It is known that indoor air is affected by outdoor air, thanks to the various studies that have been conducted in this area, the causes can be varied, from infiltration of buildings, natural or mechanical ventilation. Although it is known that transportation is one of the major contributors to this problem, studies have concluded that there is a proportion of pollutants coming from 'non-specific sources of human origin', all this emphasizes the importance of identifying and quantifying the sources of air pollution.The intention of this research project, is to characterize and quantify the pollutants that are emitted from residential buildings through their ventilation systems, and how such exhalation affects urban air quality both outdoors and, through recapture, indoors.The design of a viable methodology for monitoring two residential buildings in Pamplona (Spain) has been proposed, involving aspects such as the extension of the city where the buildings selected for the project are located, their typology, the areas destined for the ventilation systems, the equipment chosen for the quantification of pollutants and the procedure to be followed. All this procedure represents the core of the monitoring process.Thanks to this methodology, the researchers intend to present results of the quantification of pollutants such as Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), Particulate Matter (PM), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC), resulting from the exhalation of residential buildings. These results are the foundation for demonstrating how residential buildings can become another source of pollution for urban environments.
Wisdom of Persian Architecture: Exploring the Design of the M.T.O. Sufi Centres in Search for the ‘Spirit of Place’
Authors: Esmaeili Nooshin , Sinclair Dr. Brian Robert
Published: May 2023

The field of architecture and design has changed and been impacted by advanced technology over the past few decades. Our world, which was already experiencing drastic change, has recently encountered accelerated upheaval due to the global pandemic. Enamored by virtual reality (VR), 3D printing, global positioning, and the proliferation of robots, we are arguably too often surrounded by resultant superficial, meaningless, and soulless spaces to which we can neither relate nor connect. The sense of delight, serenity, poetry, and beauty that we inherently desire and yearn for, is becoming increasingly rare -- and at times even lost -- in today’s architecture. It can be argued that contemporary architecture risks becoming more a tool and product than a work of art that mirrors society and self. As architects, we are responsible to humanity through our quest to design spaces that reunite us with our inner selves and foster a sense of being. Considering recent challenges, crises, and catastrophes, designers are continuously researching the well-known traditional and aged architecture of the past for novel approaches that can enlighten future works. Architects are beginning to more assertively seek factors that propel transcendental experience in space. The present paper considers the case of Persian architecture - one of the richest and most eminent architectural styles in the world. Most buildings of this genre were designed by individuals who were most notably spiritual masters, mystics, astronomers, mathematicians, philosophers, and then architects. This paper interrogates architecture to critically delineate Persian architecture’s role in enhancing contemplation and provoking reflection while highlighting spaces that poetically respond to and nurture our soul. Deploying a literature review and analysis of recently built Sufi Centers in the United States, the research then builds an argument for linking the wisdom of Persian architecture with the spirit of place focusing on the encounter of transcendental moments in space. All these Sufi centers are affiliated with the Maktab Tarighat Oveysi (M.T.O.) Shahamaghsoudi School of Islamic Sufism. Analysis of case studies culls out qualities of space that give rise to sacred (non-religious) experiences including connection with self, balance/ harmony, and most important of all, unity, and oneness internally and externally. Persian architecture, as one of history’s most celebrated building traditions, considers the intense relationship between the sacred and profane, between mortal and immortal, and between the physical and the non-physical. The analysis of these exceptional case studies serves as the foundation for an anticipated and thought-provoking guide to ‘transcendental design,’ introducing a novel approach for designers that encourages advancing beyond the physical form to pursue and optimize the vital intersection of wisdom, space, place, and self.
Basalt FRP rods assessment as an alternative reinforcement for reinforced concrete
Authors: Vercher Jose , Vidal Tomàs , Torres Javier , Lerma Carlos , G. Borràs Júlia , Gil Enrique , Mas Ángeles
Published: May 2023

The consequences of global warming are becoming increasingly disastrous. Nowadays, our society has the responsibility of reducing the energy consumed in the building sector. In order to reduce this 40% of emissions, applying sustainable development criteria is fundamental throughout the life of materials in construction. More specifically, the use of steel corrugated bars or rods as reinforcement is the most widely used product in concrete reinforcement, and it is therefore important to reduce its climate impact. Basalt Fibre Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is a promising alternative to replace these steel reinforcements due to its high strength, low weight and high durability capabilities.This work compares different rebars in sustainable terms in an initial phase. Four different materials are studied: steel, stainless steel, glass FRP and basalt FRP. To check and verify the different geometrical and mechanical properties, four rods of each material are tested in the laboratory. Finally, an analysis and comparison of various sustainability aspects is carried out. The aim of this research is to find out which reinforcing bar is the most sustainable and whether the basalt FRP rod is as optimal as it promises to be.
Timber Buildings: A Sustainable Construction Alternative
Authors: Blanca-Giménez Vicente , Nuñez Avila Jennifer Dayan
Published: May 2023

The construction and building environment is one of the largest contributors to climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, depletion of natural resources and damage to ecological integrity. Therefore, the use of more sustainable materials in construction is currently of great interest. Structural wood is considered as a versatile renewable material, having an optimal strength-to-weight ratio, insulating properties, low carbon emissions in the operational life cycle and a great abundance in nature. Furthermore, unlike other materials, wood is the only one that stores carbon in its production. The purpose of this project is to evaluate, through the Life Cycle Analysis methodology, the environmental impact of the construction of buildings made of timber compared to reinforced concrete buildings, understanding the environmental benefits and disadvantages of each technology. The results obtained from the comparison of a timber building with its concrete counterpart confirm the feasible benefit of wood in the reduction of carbon emissions and non-renewable energy consumption, as well as other positive aspects such as the reduction of other emissions. By highlighting the benefits and opportunities of wood it is intended to promote the material in construction and the development of more efficient buildings.
Visualization Research: Scoping review on data visualization courses
Authors: Capra-Ribeiro Fabio
Published: May 2023

Understanding data visualization as one of the foundational skills of the 21st century, this research aimed to define up-to-date guidelines to effectively teach data visualization courses and–from there–developed the first version of a new data visualization course. To do so, it faced the following questions: What is the current role of data visualization in higher education? What have been the main trends in data visualization courses in higher education? What methodologies have been used to teach data visualization courses? What difficulties have been identified in data visualization courses? What recommendations have been offered by previous professors that have taught this kind of courses? Considering this broad set of questions, the research was developed as a scoping review that served to collect hundreds of publications from where 22 peer-reviewed articles published between 2008 and 2021 were finally selected and analyzed. Among the most important results, the research found that data visualization interest in higher education has been growing exponentially and data visualization courses prioritize practical exercises over theoretical content. Some of the most common recommendations synthetized through the review suggested to select topics that the students should find interesting to promote their engagement. Also, several authors recommended to start the visualization process as soon as possible and spend the least possible time on learning tools. Finally, the results of this review should be useful to support and promote new data visualization courses while they were already used to create the first iteration of a graduate and upper-level undergraduate professional elective course on data visualization under the title Visualization Research. The review and assessment of this course will be the next step of this research process.
CRITIC GOES HOME. Thought as a tool in architectural education
Authors: Paz-Agras Luz , Agrasar Fernando
Published: May 2023

“Architectural Critique" is a subject of the Master's Degree in Architecture (MUA) at the School of Architecture of the University of A Coruña (ETSAC). Fernando Agrasar and Luz Paz Agras, the professors responsible for the course, orient its contents towards the development of critical judgment skills, with a clearly practical approach. The course has been taught since the academic year 2018-2019.In the 2020-21 academic year, the topics of the Final Year Project (TFM of the MUA) were various residential programmes in Santiago de Compostela. The main practice of the course focused on the elaboration of a critical essay on a contemporary housing programme built in Galicia.The different critical analyses were summarised and recorded to create a video in which a wide range of issues were condensed, including environmental, compositional, functional, social, economic, and technical aspects.This video was used as the basis for the debate, organised in a public session held at NORMAL (the University's cultural space and exhibition hall). The event was entitled: " Living today in Galicia: Critical Considerations". Fernanda Canales (CDMX) and Ricardo Carvalho (Lisbon) together with the professors of the subject composed the table in which questions about contemporary inhabiting were discussed, following the critical considerations included in the video of our students. After the round of interventions, a debate was opened among the participants.). This session, broadcast by streaming, condensed the contents of the course and fulfilled its academic objectives of offering students a reflective and critical position from which to develop their architectural project.
Ben Ammi Ben Israel
Authors: Miller Michael T.
Published: May 2023

This text introduces Ben Ammi, the leader and theologian of the African Hebrew Israelite community, as a systematic thinker and theologian. It examines his many books and speeches in order to provide a comprehensive introduction to his thought in the context of both African American and Jewish contemporaries and precursors.

Divided into three thematic sections, History, Law, and Language, the text introduces Ben Ammi’s understanding of the nature of God, the responsibilities of the human, and the narrative of history. Ben Ammi was a deeply spiritual but also remarkably modern thinker who blended scientific thought into his evolving socio-theology, while seeking to remove religion from the realm of mythology. The book evaluates how Ben Ammi’s theology is one bound to concepts of humility and learning how to go with the grain of the natural world in order to find humanity’s true center as a part of nature.
PERBEDAAN GAYA GESER DASAR DAN SIMPANGAN LANTAI GEDUNG UNTUK BERBAGAI KONDISI TANAH DI KABUPATEN PIDIE JAYA
Authors: Suhaimi Suhaimi , Kurnia R. Dedi Iman
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implifikasi penerapan SNI 1726:2012 terhadap gaya geser dasar dan simpangan lantai gedung yang telah dibangun sebelumnya dengan menggunakan peraturan gempa tahun 2002 untuk berbagai kondisi tanah. Metode penelitian adalah simulasi yang dilakukan dengan software ETABS v.9.6.0. Gedung yang ditinjau adalah fasilitas pendidikan 3 lantai pada kondisi tanah lunak, sedang dan keras yang terletak di 3 kota dalam wilayah Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Dari hasil penilitian didapatkan peningkatan gaya geser dasar dan simpangan lantai (total drift) gedung yang dianalisa dengan SNI 1726:2012 pada tanah keras dan tanah sedang lebih besar dibandingkan peningkatan yang terjadi pada gedung yang terletak pada tanah lunak. Gedung yang dianalisa dengan SNI 1726:2012 memiliki perbedaan simpangan lantai yang lebih besar pada kondisi tanah sedang dan keras untuk berbagai lokasi, sedangkan pada kondisi tanah lunak simpangan lantai yang terjadi relatif sama untuk berbagai lokasi. Gedung yang dianalisa dengan SNI 1726:2012 memiliki nilai story drift yang lebih kecil dibandingkan gedung yang dianalisa dengan SNI 03-1726-2002 kecuali gedung GTKLP12.
ANALISIS ISI PANTUN DALAM MEUTALÉH PANTÔN PADA ACARA PESTA PERKAWINAN DI KOTA LHOKSEUMAWE
Authors: Meilinar Fina , Muntadir  , Zunuanis  , Syahrin Alfi , De Silvi Listia
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mendeskripsikan data tentang isi pantun dalam meutaléh pantôn pada acara pesta perkawinan di Kota Lhokseumawe. Pendekatan penelitian ini adalah kualitatif bersifat deskriptif, dengan jenis penelitian hermeneutik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Batuphat Barat, Komplek PT Arun Kecamatan Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe, pada saat berlangsungnya kegiatan meutaléh pantôn pada acara pesta perkawinan. Data penelitian ini adalah rekaman pantun yang diucapkan saat kegiatan meutaléh pantôn. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik perekaman. Lalu, data penelitian diolah dengan teknik analisis kualitatif, yaitu mengolah data menurut jenisnya, menganalisis isi pantun dan menyimpulkan. Berdasarkan hasil dan pembahasan penelitian disimpulkan bahwa: 1) isi/makna yang dikandung pantôn seumapa memberikan dan menciptakan kesan yang mendalam kepada pendengar, disebabkan pemilihan kata-kata yang tepat untuk memikat hati dan menarik perhatian pendengar; 2) dari hasil penelitian tentang isi pantun dalam pantôn seumapa pada saat meutaléh pantôn pada acara pesta perkawinan di Desa Batuphat Barat Komplek PT Arun Kec. Muara Satu Kota Lhokseumawe terdapat dua belas isi/makna pantun, yaitu menyatakan berani, haru, kesal, susah-gundah, kecewa,  malu, gembira, takut, kurang senang, ikhlas, ragu-ragu dan menyatakan sayang; dan 3) penelitian hermeneutik memudahkan peneliti memahami dan menafsirkan isi/makna pantôn seumapa, karena menyajikan konsep yang dapat dipakai dalam proses analisis isi pantôn seumapa. Selain itu, memberikan pandangan-pandangan kepada peneliti tentang kiat-kiat menafsirkan sastra.
Comparison of Knowledge about Voluntary Blood Donation among the Medical and Non-medical Students of Universiti Malaysia Sabah
Authors: Hossain Parash M. Tanveer , Ayudurai Thiruchelvam , Murthy Krishna Dilip , Shimmi Sadia Choudhury , Hossain ABM Tofazzal , Ghosh Bablu K
Published: May 2023

The huge population of persuadable, active, healthy and young students is the potential as blood donors to meet safe blood donation. This study focused on the existing level of knowledge regarding voluntary blood donation among medical (Faculty of Medicine and Health Science) and nonmedical students with science background (Faculty of Engineering) at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Four hundred and fifty-five students consisting of medical (231) and nonmedical (224) were selected through stratified random sampling to participate in the study. Data was collected using validated structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed by structural equation modelling using SPSS AMOS Graphics version 22 and SPSS version16. The results showed a significant (p<0.05) difference between the students of medical and nonmedical faculty in their knowledge about voluntary blood donation. The medical and nursing students are more aware about blood donation than the nonmedical students.Keywords: voluntary blood donation, medical students, non-medical students.
Feuer-, Rauch- und Toxizitätsanforderungen an Verbundwerkstoffe in Zügen
Authors: Moussiaux Eric
Published: May 2023

Die Berücksichtigung der Feuer-, Rauch- und Toxizitätseigenschaften von Werkstoffen, die in Verkehrssystemen wie Zügen und Straßenbahnen eingesetzt werden, kann den Unterschied zwischen Leben und Tod bedeuten. Durch faserverstärkte Verbundwerkstoffe (FVW), die so konzipiert sind, dass sie der Brandausbreitung entgegenwirken und Rauch und giftige Gase unterdrücken, können Menschen wertvolle Sekunden und Minuten gewinnen.
Handel drängt auf rasche Preissenkungen
Authors: Lenders Dirk , Mende Jan , Schulz Hans-Jürgen , Tewes Werner
Published: May 2023

Der Handel fordert niedrigere Einkaufspreise und begründet das mit sinkenden Kosten für Energie und Rohstoffe. Edeka und Rewe schreiben die Hersteller gezielt an.
Woolworth boomt nach der Corona-Phase
Authors: Schulz Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2023

Woolworth hat nach LZ-Informationen erstmals rund 900 Mio. Euro Umsatz erzielt. Viele neue Märkte und die Aufhebung aller Corona-Restriktionen treiben den Umsatz.
Infarm ist in Europa Geschichte
Authors: Krönert Alrun , Ingelmann Anja
Published: May 2023

Der Spezialist für Indoor-Farming, Infarm, hat die Notbremse gezogen und seine Aktivitäten in Europa eingestellt. Die Fruchtbranche zollt dem innovativen Konzept Respekt, die hohen Kosten für den Betrieb waren für Kritiker aber von Anfang ein Grund zur Skepsis.
Ernährungsstrategie nimmt Form an
Authors: Falker Gerrit-Milena
Published: May 2023

Die Ernährungsstrategie soll im Juni in die Ressortabstimmung der Bundesregierung. Mit der Überarbeitung ihrer Ernährungsempfehlungen legt die DGE den Grundstein für eine der Maßnahmen, die in der Strategie aufgeführt sind.
Treueprogramme auf Digitalkurs
Authors: Hübner Marco
Published: May 2023

In Zeiten von Inflation und sparsameren Kunden sind starke Loyaltyprogramme wichtiger denn je, um Kunden bei der Stange zu halten. Abseits der etablierten Pfade winken digitale Konzepte, die ganz neue Wettbewerbsvorteile versprechen.
Modificación sustancial de condiciones de trabajo, tutela de los derechos fundamentales y acceso a los recursos
Authors: Nores Torres Luis Enrique
Published: May 2023

Este diálogo analiza la Sentencia del Tribunal Supremo de 19 de octubre de 2022 (núm. 840/2022), en la cual se modifica el criterio sobre el alcance de la posibilidad de recurrir en suplicación las sentencias dictadas por los juzgados de lo social en materia de modificación sustancial de condiciones de trabajo cuando se ha invocado vulneración de derechos fundamentales.
Sublingual Misoprostol Vs Intravenous Methyl ergotamine in reducing blood loss after delivery – A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Maria Imran  , Rabia Wajid  , Maham Janjua
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND Postpartum hemorrhage is a very important cause of maternal mortality worldwide. According to WHO, 20 million of morbidities and 33 % of maternal mortality can be attributed to PPH worldwide.  WHO states that misoprostol can also be used to prevent PPH, due to its beneficial effects in low income settings.

OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to compare the effectiveness of sublingual misoprostol in reducing blood loss with that of methyl ergotamine in first two hours after delivery.

METHODOLOGY It was a randomized controlled, single center, double blind trial of sublingual misoprostol versus intravenous methyl ergotamine for control of blood loss in 82 women with singleton pregnancies at term who underwent delivery at Sir Ganga Ram hospital. Participants were divided randomly into two groups (A and B). Randomization was done by Microsoft Excel 5.0 random number generator. The participants were given either misoprostol 600 micrograms sublingually immediately or injection methyl ergotamine 0.2 mg at time of delivery of anterior shoulder of baby. The outcome measures studied were blood loss, blood transfusions, drop in hemoglobin and side effects of both drugs.

RESULTS Mean age of women in Misoprostol group was 25.76±3.48years. Mean age of methyl ergotamine was 26.0 3.67 years Mean gestational age of women in Misoprostol group was 39.73±1.32 and mean gestational age of women in methyl ergotamine group was 40.09±1.22 weeks. Before delivery mean Hb level was statistically same in both group but post-delivery mean Hb level was significantly dropped in other group. I.e. p-value=0.000165.In Misoprostol group none had blood transfusion while in methyl ergotamine group 4(9.76%) women had blood transfusion but this difference was not statistically significant. Nausea, vomiting and hypertension were significantly higher in methyl ergotamine group. However for pyrexia and shivering an opposite trend was seen for Misoprostol when compared with methyl ergotamine.

CONCLUSION Results of this trial showed that sublingual misoprostol is more effective as compared to intravenous methyl ergotamine. It has many advantages including easy transport, storage and oral route which make it a good uterotonic agent in low-resource areas. It was also associated with lesser side effects
Measurement Report: Wintertime new particle formation in the rural area of the North China Plain – influencing factors and possible formation mechanism
Authors: Hong Juan , Tang Min , Wang Qiaoqiao , Ma Nan , Zhu Shaowen , Zhang Shaobin , Pan Xihao , Xie Linhong , Li Guo , Kuhn Uwe , Yan Chao , Tao Jiangchuan , Kuang Ye , He Yao , Xu Wanyun , Cai Runlong , Zhou Yaqing , Wang Zhibin , Zhou Guangsheng , Yuan Bin , Cheng Yafang , Su Hang
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The high concentration of fine particles and gaseous pollutants makes polluted areas, such as the urban setting of North China Plain (NCP) of China, a different environment for new particle formation (NPF) compared to many clean regions. Such conditions also hold for other polluted environments in this region (for instance, the rural area of NCP), yet the underlying mechanisms for NPF remain less understood, owing to the limited observations of particles in the sub−3 nm range. Comprehensive measurements, particularly covering the particle number size distribution down to 1.3 nm, were conducted at a rural background site of Gucheng (GC) in the North China Plain (NCP) from 12 November to 24 December 2018. In total, five NPF events during the 39 effective days of measurements for the campaign were identified, with the mean particle nucleation rate (J1.3) and growth rate (GR1.3–2.4) being 22.0 cm−3 s−1 and 3.9 nm h−1, respectively. During these 5 d, NPF concurrently occurred at an urban site in Beijing. Sharing similar sources and transport paths of air masses arriving at our site to that of urban Beijing, we hypothesize that NPF events during these days in this region might be a regional phenomenon. The simultaneous occurrence of NPF in both places implies that H2SO4-amine nucleation, concluded for urban Beijing there, could probably be the dominating mechanism for NPF at our rural site. The higher concentration of sulfuric acid during many non-event days compared to that of event days indicates that the content of sulfuric acid may not necessarily lead to NPF events under current atmosphere. Only when the condensation sink or coagulation sink was significantly lowered, atmospheric NPF occurred, implying that condensation sinks (CSs) and coagulation sinks (CoagSs) are the dominating factors controlling the occurrence of NPF for the present rural environment of the NCP, which is quite similar to the feature seen in urban Beijing.
Technical note: Enhancement of float-pH data quality control methods: A study case in the Subpolar Northwestern Atlantic region
Authors: Wimart-Rousseau Cathy , Steinhoff Tobias , Klein Birgit , Bittig Henry , Körtzinger Arne
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Since a pH sensor has become available that is suitable for this demanding autonomous measurement platform, the marine CO2 system can be observed independently and continuously by BGC-Argo floats. This opens the possibility to detect variability and long-term changes in interior ocean inorganic carbon storage and quantify the ocean sink for atmospheric CO2. In combination with a second parameter of the marine CO2 system, pH can be a useful tool to derive the surface ocean CO2 partial pressure (pCO2). The large spatiotemporal variability of the marine CO2 system requires sustained observations to decipher trends and punctual events (e.g., river discharge, phytoplankton bloom) but also puts a high emphasis on the quality control of float-based pH measurements. In consequence, as the interpretation of changes depends on accurate data, and because sensor offsets or drifts might appear, a consistent and rigorous correction procedure to process and quality-control the data has been established. By applying standardized routines of the Ago data management to pH measurements from a pH/O2 float pilot array in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, we investigate the uncertainties and lack of objective criteria associated with the standardized routines, notably the choice of the reference method for the pH correction (CANYON-B or LIRPH) as well the reference depth for this correction. For the studied float array, significant differences of ca. 0.02 pH units are observed between the two reference methods which can be used to correct float-pH data from water samples. Through comparison against discrete pH data from water samples, an assessment of the adjusted float-pH data quality is presented. The results point out noticeable discrepancies near the surface of > 0.01 pH units. In the context of converting surface ocean pH measurements into pCO2 data for the purpose to derive air-sea CO2 fluxes, we conclude that the minimum accuracy requirement of 0.01 pH units (equivalent to the minimum pCO2 accuracy of 10 µatm for potential future inclusion into the SOCAT database) is not systematically achieved in the upper ocean. While the limited dataset and regional focus of our study provides only one showcase, it still calls for an additional independent pH reference in the surface ocean. We therefore propose a way forward to enhance the float-pH quality control procedure. In our analysis, the current philosophy of pH data correction against climatological reference data at one single depth in the deep ocean appears insufficient to assure adequate data quality in the surface ocean. Ideally, an additional reference point should be taken at or near the surface where the resulting pCO2 data are of the highest importance to monitor the air-sea exchange of CO2 and would have the potential to very significantly augment the impact of the current observation network.
Central Arctic Ocean surface-atmosphere exchange of CO2 and CH4 constrained by direct measurements
Authors: Prytherch John , Murto Sonja , Brown Ian , Ulfsbo Adam , Thornton Brett F. , Brüchert Volker , Tjernström Michael , Hermansson Anna Lunde , Nylund Amanda T. , Holthusen Lina A.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The Central Arctic Ocean’s (CAO) current and future role in the exchange of climate-forcing trace gases with the atmosphere is highly uncertain, in particular the effect of sea ice on the exchange. There are no previously reported direct air-sea methane (CH4) flux estimates from the CAO. We present direct measurements of the air-sea flux of CH4 and carbon dioxide (CO2), as well as air-ice fluxes of CO2 in the summertime CAO North of 82.5 N from the Synoptic Arctic Survey (SAS) expedition carried out on the Swedish icebreaker Oden in 2021. Measurements of air-sea CH4 and CO2 flux were made using floating chambers deployed in leads accessed from sea ice and from the side of Oden. Fluxes and dissolved gas concentrations from surface water were used to determine gas transfer velocities that exhibited a weaker wind speed dependence than existing parameterisations, with a median gas transfer rate in sea-ice leads 2.5 cm hr−1. Average observed CO2 air-sea flux were −7.6 mmol m−2 day−1, and the average air-snow flux −1.1 mmol m−2 day−1. Extrapolating these fluxes and the corresponding sea ice concentrations gives an August and September flux for the CAO of −1.75 mmol m−2 day−1 and a corresponding annual CAO uptake of 126.6 Tg yr−1. Average observed air-sea CH4 flux of 3.5 μmol m−2 day−1, accounting for sea ice concentration, equates to a CAO flux of 0.35 μmol m−2 day−1, or 9.2 Gg yr−1, lower than previous estimates and implying that the CAO is a very small, << 1 %, contributor to the flux of CH4 to the atmosphere from the Arctic.
Evaluation of modelled climatologies of O3, CO, water vapour and NOy in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere using regular in situ observations by passenger aircraft
Authors: Cohen Yann , Hauglustaine Didier , Sauvage Bastien , Rohs Susanne , Konjari Patrick , Bundke Ulrich , Petzold Andreas , Thouret Valérie , Zahn Andreas , Ziereis Helmut
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Evaluating the global chemistry models in the upper troposphere – lower stratosphere (UTLS) is an important step toward a further understanding of its chemical composition. The latter is regularly sampled through in situ measurements based on passenger aircraft, in the framework of the In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System (IAGOS) research infrastructure. This study focuses on the comparison of the IAGOS measurements in ozone, carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen reactive species (NOy) and water vapour, with a 25-year simulation output from the LMDZ-OR-INCA chemistry-climate model. For this purpose, we present and apply an extension of the Interpol-IAGOS software that projects the IAGOS data onto any model grid, in order to derive a gridded IAGOS product and a masked model product that are directly comparable to one another. Climatologies are calculated in the upper troposphere (UT) and in the lower stratosphere (LS) separately, but also in the UTLS as a whole, as a demonstration for the models that do not sort out the physical variables necessary to distinguish between the UT and the LS. In the northern extratropics, the comparison in the UTLS layer suggests that the geographical distribution in the tropopause height is well reproduced by the model. In the separated layers, the model simulates well the water vapour climatologies in the UT, and the ozone climatologies in the LS. The opposite biases in CO in both UT and LS suggest that the cross-tropopause transport is overestimated. The NOy observations highlight the difficulty of the model in parameterizing the lightning emissions. In the tropics, the upper-tropospheric climatologies are remarkably well simulated for water vapour, as the observed CO peaks due to biomass burning in the most convective systems, and the ozone latitudinal variations. Ozone is more sensitive to lightning emissions than to biomass burning emissions, whereas the CO sensitivity to biomass burning emissions strongly depends on the location and on the season. Through this evaluation, the present study demonstrates that the Interpol-IAGOS software is a tool facilitating the assessment of the global model simulations in the UTLS, potentially useful for any modelling experiment involving chemistry-climate and chemistry-transport models.
Total ozone variability and trends over the South Pole during the wintertime
Authors: Fioletov Vitali , Zhao Xiaoyi , Abboud Ihab , Brohart Michael , Ogyu Akira , Sit Reno , Lee Sum Chi , Petropavlovskikh Irina , Miyagawa Koji , Johnson Bryan J. , Cullis Patrick , Booth John , McConville Glen , McElroy C. Thomas
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The Antarctic polar vortex creates unique chemical and dynamical conditions when the stratospheric air over Antarctica is isolated from the rest of the stratosphere. As a result, stratospheric ozone within the vortex remains largely unchanged for a five-month period from April until late August when the sunrise and extremely cold temperatures create favorable conditions for rapid ozone loss. Such prolonged stable conditions within the vortex make it possible to estimate the total ozone levels there from sparse wintertime ozone observations at the South Pole. The available records of focused Moon (FM) observations by Dobson and Brewer spectrophotometers at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station (for the periods 1964–2022 and 2008–2022, respectively) as well as integrated ozonesonde profiles (1986–2022) and MERRA-2 reanalysis data (1980–2022) were used to estimate the total ozone variability and long-term changes over the South Pole. Comparisons with MERRA-2 reanalysis data for the period 1980–2022 demonstrated that the uncertainties of Dobson and Brewer daily mean FM values are about 2.5 %–4 %. Wintertime (April–August) MERRA-2 data have a bias with Dobson data of -8.5 % in 1980–2004 and 1.5 % in 2005–2022. The mean difference between wintertime Dobson and Brewer data in 2008–2022 was about 1.6 %; however, this difference can be largely explained by various systematic errors in Brewer data. The wintertime ozone values over the South Pole during the last 20 years were about 12 % below the pre-1980s level, i.e., the decline there was nearly twice larger than that over southern midlatitudes. It is probably the largest long-term ozone decline aside from the springtime Antarctic ozone depletion. While wintertime ozone decline over the pole has hardly any impact on the environment, it can be used as an indicator to diagnose the state of the ozone layer, particularly because it requires data from only one station. Dobson and ozonesonde data after 2001 show a small positive, but not statistically significant, trend in ozone values of about 1.5% per decade that is in line with the trend expected from the concentration of the ozone depleting substances in the stratosphere.
Pollen-based reconstructions of Holocene climate trends in the eastern Mediterranean region
Authors: Cruz-Silva Esmeralda , Harrison Sandy P. , Prentice I. Colin , Marinova Elena , Bartlein Patrick J. , Renssen Hans , Zhang Yurui
Published: May 2023

Abstract. There has been considerable debate about the degree to which climate has driven societal changes in the eastern Mediterranean region, partly through reliance on a limited number of qualitative records of climate changes and partly reflecting the need to disentangle the joint impact of changes in different aspects of climate. Here, we use tolerance-weighted Weighted Averaging Partial Least Squares to derive reconstructions of mean temperature of the coldest month (MTCO), mean temperature of the warmest month (MTWA), growing degree days above a threshold of 0°C (GDD0) and plant-available moisture, represented by the ratio of modelled actual to equilibrium evapotranspiration (α) and corrected for past CO2 changes for 71 individual pollen records from the Eastern Mediterranean region covering part or all of the interval from 12.3 ka to the present. We use these reconstructions to create regional composites that illustrate the long-term trends in each variable. We compare these composites with transient climate model simulations to explore potential causes of the observed trends. We show that the glacial-Holocene transition and the early part of the Holocene was characterised by conditions colder and drier than present. Rapid increases in temperature and moisture occurred between ca 10.3 and 9.3 ka, considerably after the end of the Younger Dryas. Although the time series are characterised by centennial-to-millennial oscillations, MTCO showed a gradual increase from 9 ka to the present, consistent with the expectation that winter temperatures were forced by orbitally-induced increases in insolation during the Holocene. MTWA also showed an increasing trend from 9 ka and reached a maximum of ca 1.5°C greater than present at ca 5 ka, followed by a gradual decline towards present-day conditions. A delayed response to summer insolation changes is likely a reflection of the persistence of the Laurentide and Fennoscandian ice sheets; subsequent summer cooling is consistent with the expected response to insolation changes. Plant-available moisture increased rapidly between 11 and 9.3 ka and conditions were slightly wetter than today between 9–8 ka, but thereafter α declined gradually. These trends likely reflect changes in atmospheric circulation and moisture advection into the region, and were probably too small to influence summer temperature through land-surface feedbacks. Differences in the simulated trajectory of α in different models highlight the difficulties in reproducing circulation-driven moisture advection into the eastern Mediterranean.
Climatology, sources, and transport characteristics of observed water vapor extrema in the lower stratosphere
Authors: Tinney Emily N. , Homeyer Cameron R.
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Stratospheric water vapor (H2O) is a substantial component of the global radiation budget, and therefore important to variability of the climate system. Efforts to understand the distribution, transport, and sources of stratospheric water vapor have increased in recent years, with many studies utilizing long-term satellite observations. Previous work to examine stratospheric H2O extrema has typically focused on the stratospheric overworld (pressures ≤ 100 hPa) to ensure the observations used are truly stratospheric. However, this leads to the broad exclusion of the lowermost stratosphere, which can extend over depths more than 5 km below the 100 hPa level in the midlatitudes and polar regions and has been shown to be the largest contributing layer to the stratospheric H2O feedback. Moreover, focusing on the overworld only can lead to a large underestimation of stratospheric H2O extrema occurrence. Therefore, we expand on previous work by examining 16 years of Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) observations of water vapor extrema (≥ 8 ppmv) in both the stratospheric overworld and the lowermost stratosphere to create a new lower stratosphere climatology. The resulting frequency of H2O extrema increases by more than 300 % globally compared to extrema frequencies within stratospheric overworld observations only, though the percentage increase varies substantially by region and season. Additional context is provided to this climatology through a backward isentropic trajectory analysis to identify potential sources of the extrema. We show that, in general, tropopause-overshooting convection presents as a likely source of H2O extrema in much of the world, while meridional isentropic transport of air from the tropical upper troposphere to the extratropical lower stratosphere is also possible.
Modern air, englacial and permafrost temperatures at high altitude on Mt. Ortles, (3905 m a.s.l.) in the Eastern European Alps
Authors: Carturan Luca , De Blasi Fabrizio , Dinale Roberto , Dragà Gianfranco , Gabrielli Paolo , Mair Volkmar , Seppi Roberto , Tonidandel David , Zanoner Thomas , Zendrini Tiziana Lazzarina , Dalla Fontana Giancarlo
Published: May 2023

Abstract. The climatic response of mountain permafrost and glaciers located in high-elevation mountain areas has major implications for the stability of mountain slopes and related geomorphological hazards, water storage and supply, and preservation of paleoclimatic archives. Despite a good knowledge of physical processes that govern the climatic response of mountain permafrost and glaciers, there is a lack of observational datasets from summit areas. This represents a crucial gap in knowledge and a serious limit for model-based projections of future behaviour of permafrost and glaciers. A new observational dataset is available for the summit area of Mt. Ortles, which is the highest summit of South Tyrol, Italy. This paper presents a series of air, englacial, soil surface and rock wall temperature collected between 2010 and 2016. Details are provided regarding instrument type and characteristics, field methods, data quality control and assessment. The obtained data series are available through an open data repository. In the observation period the mean annual air temperature at 3830 m a.s.l. was between −7.8 and −8.6 °C. The most shallow layers of snow and firn (down to a depth of about 10 m) froze during winter. However melt water percolation restored isothermal conditions during the ablation season and the entire firn layer was found at the melting pressure point. Glacier ice is cold, however only from about 30 m depth. Englacial temperature decreases with depth reaching a minimum of almost −3 °C close to the bedrock, at 75 m depth. A small glacier located on a rocky ridge of Mt. Ortles at 3470 m a.s.l., without firn cover, was also found in cold conditions from the surface down to a depth of 9.5 m. The mean annual ground surface temperature was negative for all but one monitored sites, indicating cold ground conditions and the existence of permafrost in nearly all debris-mantled slopes of the summit. Similarly, the mean annual rock wall temperature was negative at most monitored sites, except the lowest one at 3030 m a.s.l. This suggests that the rock faces of the summit are affected by permafrost at all exposures.