bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytochemicals targeting ferroptosis in cardiovascular diseases: Recent advances and therapeutic perspectives
Authors: Wen Jianxia , Li Lu , Yang Yi , Ou Dinglin , Yang Junjie , Xie Jiachen , Du Wenya , Tong Yuling
Published: July 2024

Ferroptosis is a form of iron‐dependent regulatory cell death that is related to the pathogenesis and progression of various cardiovascular diseases, such as arrhythmia, diabetic cardiomyopathy, myocardial infarction, myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury, and heart failure. This makes it a promising therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases. It is interesting that a significant number of cardiovascular disease treatment drugs derived from phytochemicals have been shown to target ferroptosis, thus producing cardioprotective effects. This study offers a concise overview of the initiation and control mechanisms of ferroptosis. It discusses the core regulatory factors of ferroptosis as potential new therapeutic targets for various cardiovascular diseases, elucidating how ferroptosis influences the progression of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, this review systematically summarizes the regulatory effects of phytochemicals on ferroptosis, emphasizing their potential mechanisms and clinical applications in treating cardiovascular diseases. This study provides a reference for further elucidating the molecular mechanisms of phytochemicals in treating cardiovascular diseases. This may accelerate their application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and is worth further research in this field.
Dietary Diversity and Nutritional Status Among Rwandan Women Engaged in Agriculture: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Xavier Sunday François , Kwizera Philemon , Umwungerimwiza Yves Didier , Reverien Rutayisire , Philbert Kanimba , Delice Ilinde Niyigena , Umugwaneza Maryse
Published: July 2024

Background

Dietary diversity is crucial for nutritional adequacy, particularly among women of reproductive age who have increased nutritional needs due to menstruation, pregnancy, and lactation. This is especially important in addressing anemia in Rwanda, which poses significant health risks for both mothers and children. This study assessed the dietary diversity, nutritional status, and related factors among Rwandan women engaged in agriculture.

Methods

In 2022, a cross‐sectional study in Nyamagabe, Karongi, and Nyabihu districts, Rwanda, focused on high malnutrition rates. Agriculture households with children under 5 were sampled using a multistage method. Data, including nutritional status via MUAC and dietary diversity via 24‐h recall, were collected digitally through Kobo Collect.

Results

The study included 439 respondents, with a mean age of 33 years. Among participants, 359 (81.8%) had low dietary diversity, with Nyamagabe having the highest proportion at 39%. Anemia prevalence was 22.1%, with Karongi having the highest at 10.7%. Factors associated with higher odds of high dietary diversity included the education of the household head (adjusted OR = 6.4, 95% CI: 1.05–39.7), age of women (adjusted OR = 3.03, 95% CI: 1.1–7.8), and wealth status (adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI: 0.51–5.4). Conversely, the occupation of women (adjusted OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.001–0.19), reading skills (adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.1–0.72), and family size (adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.35–1.1) were associated with lower odds of lower dietary diversity.

Conclusion

The findings highlight a significant nutritional challenge among Rwandan women, with low dietary diversity, significant rates of anemia, and food insecurity. The study calls for an urgent need for targeted nutritional interventions to improve dietary diversity and address micronutrient deficiencies among women in agriculture to enhance maternal health and child development, thereby contributing to broader public health goals.
Contraceptive Counselling and Uptake Among Female Kidney Transplant Recipients in Ethiopia
Authors: Sium Abraham Fessehaye , Mohamed Lina , Tesfalul Martha , Tadesse Filagot
Published: July 2024

Background

Contraceptive counselling and utilization for kidney transplant patients is a vital component of their kidney transplant care. The use of standardized information on contraceptive methods to prevent unplanned post‐transplant pregnancies in Africa in general is less studied. This study aimed to describe contraceptive counselling and uptake among kidney transplant recipients at a kidney transplant centre in Ethiopia.

Methods

A descriptive study on contraceptive counselling and uptake among female Ethiopian kidney transplant recipients was conducted at St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College (Ethiopia) from April 15 to July 15, 2023. Data on women's sociodemographic, renal transplantation and contraceptive counselling and use were collected through interviewing the participants using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed on SPSS 23 using simple descriptive analysis. Percentages and frequencies were used to present the results.

Results

A total of 60 participants were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the participants was 33.7 ± 8.4 years. The median duration from the time of renal transplant was 19 months. Most (49/60, 81.7%) of the participants reported that they did not receive family planning counselling on contraceptive methods in the early post‐transplant phase. The rate of contraceptive uptake was 8.3% (5/60) with two patients being copper IUD users, and Implanon, tubal ligation and combined oral contraceptives each utilized by a single kidney transplant patient.

Conclusion

Contraceptive counselling and uptake rates among female kidney transplant recipients in this study were very low, which is consistent with findings from previous studies. Increasing female kidney transplant patients’ awareness on safe and effective contraceptive use through adequate contraceptive counselling is essential.
A new global daily sea‐surface temperature analysis system at Environment and Climate Change Canada
Authors: Skachko Sergey , Buehner Mark , Caya Alain , Ngueto Yves Franklin , Surcel‐Colan Dorina
Published: July 2024

A new global daily sea‐surface temperature (SST) analysis system has been developed at Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC). All components of the new SST analysis system are implemented within the Modular and Integrated Data Assimilation System (MIDAS) software. MIDAS is already used for the data assimilation component of the main operational numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems at ECCC. The new SST analysis system, integrated together with the global sea‐ice analysis, will be part of the combined ocean surface analysis used for all operational prediction systems at ECCC. The data assimilation method used to compute the new SST analyses is two‐dimensional variational method with a diffusion operator for representing the horizontal background‐error correlations. A new algorithm for satellite data bias estimation has also been developed employing gridded bias estimates computed from a spatial averaging of the differences between collocated satellite and in‐situ data. New algorithms for quality control and thinning of satellite data have also been implemented, making each type of observational dataset more evenly distributed over the globe. The performance of the new SST system is examined relative to the current operational SST system by using independent data. The impact of using the new SST analysis within NWP and ocean prediction systems is also evaluated. When compared with the operational system currently in use, the experiments employing the new SST analysis system produce a nearly neutral impact on the NWP and ocean prediction systems. This validation of the new system is an important first step towards the ability to use MIDAS to perform ensemble‐based three‐dimensional ocean and coupled ocean‐ice–atmosphere data assimilation.
Bias and variation in salmonid redd counting using remotely piloted vehicles
Authors: Auerbach Daniel S. , Fremier Alexander K.
Published: July 2024

Redd surveys estimate spawning population size for many salmonid species. Studies of field‐based redd counting methods highlight observer bias caused by redd density, observer experience, and environmental factors. Researchers have begun using remotely piloted vehicles (RPVs, drones) to count redds; yet, no studies have quantified bias and variability in counts. This study aimed to quantify the influence of redd density, observer experience, and environmental factors (namely, water clarity) on redd counting bias and variability when using RPVs. We found that technological and procedural improvements from our previous study increased precision and reduced variability among observers (coefficient of variation, сυ = 11% compared to сυ = 42%). Redd density was the leading covariate causing differences between RPV and both “best counts” (p < 0.05) and field counts (p < 0.05). We found a reduction in variability with experience level (no experience сυ = 78%; semi‐experienced сυ = 33%; experienced сυ = 20%), with no directional bias in counting. Our paper is the first to quantify observer bias in RPV‐based redd counts. This study describes RPV methods and can help agencies decide how to use RPVs in redd counting and incorporate RPV methods into long‐term datasets.
A Chemo‐Mechanically Coupled DNA Origami Clamp Capable of Generating Robust Compression Forces
Authors: Xie Chun , Chen Kuiting , Chen Zhekun , Hu Yingxin , Pan Linqiang
Published: July 2024

DNA nanostructures have been utilized to study biological mechanical processes and construct artificial nanosystems. Many application scenarios necessitate nanodevices able to robustly generate large single molecular forces. However, most existing dynamic DNA nanostructures are triggered by probabilistic hybridization reactions between spatially separated DNA strands, which only non‐deterministically generate relatively small compression forces (≈0.4 piconewtons (pN)). Here, an intercalator‐triggered dynamic DNA origami nanostructure is developed, where large amounts of local binding reactions between intercalators and the nanostructure collectively lead to the robust generation of relatively large compression forces (≈11.2 pN). Biomolecular loads with different stiffnesses, 3, 4, and 6‐helix DNA bundles are efficiently bent by the compression forces. This work provides a robust and powerful force‐generation tool for building highly chemo‐mechanically coupled molecular machines in synthetic nanosystems.
Harnessing the Propulsive Force of Microalgae with Microtrap to Drive Micromachines
Authors: Oda Haruka , Shimizu Naoto , Morimoto Yuya , Takeuchi Shoji
Published: July 2024

Microorganisms possess remarkable locomotion abilities, making them potential candidates for micromachine propulsion. Here, the use of Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii (CR) is explored, a motile green alga, as a micromotor by harnessing its propulsive force with microtraps. The objectives include developing the microtrap structure, evaluating trapping efficiency, and investigating the movement dynamics of biohybrid micromachines driven by CR. Experimental analysis demonstrates that trap design significantly influences trapping efficiency, with a specific trap configuration (multi‐ring structure with diameters of 7 µm – 10 µm – 13 µm) showing the highest effectiveness. The micromachine empowered with two CRs facing the same direction exhibits complex, random‐like motion with yaw, pitch, and roll movements, while the micromachine with four CRs in a circular position each facing the tangential direction of the circle demonstrates controlled rotational motion. These findings highlight the degree of freedom and movement potential of biohybrid micromachines.
Vacancies‐Induced Delocalized States Cobalt Phosphide for Binder‐Free Anode Toward Stable and High‐Rate Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Heng , Cheng Junquan , Xia Xin , Qiu Lang , Liu Feng , Sun Wei , Bai Youcun , Li Chang Ming
Published: July 2024

Metal phosphides with easy synthesis, controllable morphology, and high capacity are considered as potential anodes for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, the inherent shortcomings of metal phosphating materials, such as conductivity, kinetics, volume strain, etc are not satisfactory, which hinders their large‐scale application. Here, a CoP@carbon nanofibers‐composite containing rich Co─N─C heterointerface and phosphorus vacancies grown on carbon cloth (CoP1‐x@MEC) is synthesized as SIB anode to accomplish extraordinary capacity and ultra‐long cycle life. The hybrid composite nanoreactor effectively impregnates defective CoP as active reaction center while offering Co─N─C layer to buffer the volume expansion during charge–discharge process. These vast active interfaces, favored electrolyte infiltration, and a well‐structured ion‐electron transport network synergistically improve Na+ storage and electrode kinetics. By virtue of these superiorities, CoP1‐x@MEC binder‐free anode delivers superb SIBs performance including a high areal capacity (2.47 mAh cm−2@0.2 mA cm−2), high rate capability (0.443 mAh cm−2@6 mA cm−2), and long cycling stability (300 cycles without decay), thus holding great promise for inexpensive binder‐free anode‐based SIBs for practical applications.
Discrepancies of frequent symptoms in licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism: A comparison of a systematic case review and the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare's manual
Authors: Hattori Yuna , Asano Yoichi , Yoshino Tetsuhiro
Published: July 2024

Background

Licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism has been identified as a side effect of excessive licorice consumption. This condition is often characterized by hypertension, hypokalemia, and hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism. If left untreated, this condition can lead to severe complications, such as arrhythmia and rhabdomyolysis, which can be life‐threatening. Thus, it is critical to recognize the early symptoms of pseudoaldosteronism to facilitate prompt intervention and effective management. Here, we investigated the frequency of various accompanying symptoms by systematically reviewing case reports of licorice‐induced pseudoaldosteronism not covered in similar studies and comparing findings with the manual on pseudoaldosteronism published by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare (MHLW).

Methods

A comprehensive search was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed to gather relevant human studies published between 1960 and July 2023 and written in English; data focusing on accompanying symptoms were summarized.

Results

Thirty‐seven pertinent articles, encompassing 48 case reports (26 females and 1 unreported sex, mean age 64.6 ± 14.6), were identified and scrutinized. The analysis revealed that hypertension was the most prevalent followed by weakness and edema. None of the researched cases reported instances of spasticity or rigidity.

Discussion

The study findings identified hypertension and weakness followed by edema as the predominant symptoms associated with pseudoaldosteronism which is in agreement with the MHLW manual. However, we doubt that spasticity, rigidity, and possibly numbness could be noticed by patients and their families as common initial symptoms outlined in the manual.
Juzentaihoto alleviates cisplatin‐induced renal injury in mice
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Tominaga Sarah , Amano Fumiya , Wu Sixun , Torimoto Shintaro , Moriishi Takeshi , Tsukiboshi Yosuke , Yokota Satoshi , Miura Nobuhiko , Inagaki Naoki , Matsushita Yuki , Maeda Tohru
Published: July 2024

Aim

Cisplatin is a highly effective anti‐cancer agent, but its clinical use is restricted due to severe renal toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the alleviative effects of juzentaihoto (JTT) in a mouse model of cisplatin‐induced renal injury.

Methods

Four groups of seven‐week‐old male C57BL/6J mice (control, JTT, cisplatin, and JTT + cisplatin groups) were used in the study. The JTT and JTT + cisplatin groups received oral JTT (500 mg/kg) once a day for three days. After 24 h, the cisplatin, and JTT + cisplatin groups were intraperitoneally injected with cisplatin (15 mg/kg). The mice in each group were euthanized 72 h after cisplatin administration, and blood and kidney samples were collected.

Results

Cisplatin injection decreased body weight and elevated plasma blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, while also increasing renal oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death. These changes were alleviated by JTT administration. We also found that platinum accumulation in the kidneys following cisplatin injection was attenuated by JTT treatment. Furthermore, Mate1 expression levels (a cisplatin efflux transporter) were upregulated by JTT injection.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that JTT mitigated cisplatin‐induced renal injury in mice by alleviating oxidative stress, inflammation, and cell death, achieved through the upregulation of the cisplatin efflux transporter Mate1.
Synthesis of flexible magneto‐electric polyvinyl alcohol composites using hybrid filler particles of carbon quantum dots and cobalt nano for electromagnetic interference shielding application
Authors: Suresh T. , Kandavalli Sumanth Ratna , Rajendiran T. , Chanthirasekaran K.
Published: July 2024

The main objective of the study is to synthesis and characterization of flexible magneto‐electric Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) composites for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding applications, by incorporating carbon quantum dots extracted from lychee fruit husks and cobalt nanoparticles sourced from Plectranthus amboinicus. Comprehensive mechanical, dielectrical, magnetic, and shielding tests were conducted to assess the performance of these novel materials. The mechanical characteristics of the composites were assessed to gauge their flexibility and robustness. In this regard, PV4 displayed a substantial tensile strength of 68 MPa, while PV6 exhibited an enhanced shore‐D hardness rating of 47. PV6 demonstrates superior dielectric properties, including a higher dielectric constant and a lower loss tangent, which are crucial for optimizing EMI shielding efficiency. When it comes to magnetic characteristics such as magnetization, retentivity, and coercivity, the PV6 composite designation outperforms the other composites. Additionally, PV6 exhibits higher electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding effectiveness, measuring at approximately 49.8 dB in the E band and 56.5 dB in the F band. Findings demonstrate that the integration of carbon quantum dots and cobalt nanoparticles into the matrix resulted in flexible composites with enhanced mechanical strength. The incorporation of cobalt contributed to notable magnetic properties, increasing the materials' magnetization and retentivity. The tests on electromagnetic interference (EMI) showed that the shielding effectiveness got improved. The composite materials were able to reduce interference from electromagnetic waves in the tested frequency ranges. These flexible magneto‐electric PVA composites, developed using sustainable sources such as lychee fruit husks and Plectranthus amboinicus, exhibit promising potential for EMI shielding applications in diverse industries, including telecommunications, aerospace, and electronics, where reliable interference control is essential for optimal performance and safety.

Highlights

Cobalt nanoparticles sourced from Plectranthus amboinicus.

Carbon quantum dots are prepared from lychee fruit husks via controlled pyrolysis.

High tensile strength PVA composites prepared.

Highest dielectric constant of 8.2 achieved for composite PV6.

Higher wave shielding up to 56.5 dB achieved in “E” band.
Clinical approach to a rare case of hydrallantois in bitch
Authors: Sharma Akshay , Sharma Pururava , Sharma Jahanvi , Kumar Pravesh , Ahuja Ankit K. , Sood Pankaj , Kumar Rakesh
Published: July 2024

The present case describes the clinical, sonographic and histopathological findings of hydrallantois in bitch. After 55 days of the first mating, nulliparous Golden Retriever bitch was presented with a primary complaint of perceptible abdominal distension and dyspnoea for the last 3‒4 days. Ultrasonography revealed marked uterine distension with well appreciable anechoic to hypoechoic allantoic regions along with fetal stress. During caesarean section, a cumulative 2.75 L of placental fluid was recovered from allantoic portion with an altered electrolyte profile in comparison to maternal plasma. The histopathology examination of one fetal kidney corroborated tubular degeneration, suggesting nephrosis to be the concomitant aetiology. In conclusion, the clinical examination and ultrasonography provided provisional diagnosis of the condition; caesarean section proved to be an ideal option in order to prevent the dystocia or any other complication during whelping in a bitch even if none of the puppies survived. This approach, with supportive therapy ensures comprehensive care post‐treatment.
Radicular (periapical) cyst causing exophthalmos in a dog
Authors: Pérez López Luis Alejandro , Brash Robert , Tsvetanova Agata , García González Beatriz , Almansa Ruiz José Carlos
Published: July 2024

A 10‐year‐old male neutered Bichon Frise presented for assessment of right unilateral exophthalmos. The ophthalmological assessment revealed signs of retrobulbar disease. Computed tomography of the head showed a cavitary, well‐defined, fluid‐filled structure, which displayed a strong peripheral rim of contrast enhancement, and was centred around the tooth roots of the right maxillary first and second molar teeth (109 and 110). Focused ultrasound‐guided fluid sampling and fine needle aspirates were obtained for diagnostic purposes. After discussing the case with a veterinary dentist, extraction of the 109 and 110 and debridement of the cyst were performed. Histopathology supported the suspicion of a radicular cyst. Radicular cysts, despite being benign lesions, need to be included as a possible differential in cases with exophthalmos due to their potential retrobulbar mass effect.
Toward a complex socio‐environmental understanding of drought: The contribution of the social sciences and humanities
Authors: Elie Marc
Published: July 2024

This review shows that there is a fertile field of study on drought within the humanities and social sciences that produces a complex scientific understanding of droughts as socio‐natural disasters whose origins, unfolding and impacts are shaped by both social and biophysical processes. Five cases where this research stands out are reviewed: the Dust Bowl of the 1930s, the droughts in the Sahel in the last third of the 20th century, desiccation as a colonial discourse, ontologies of drought and climate history. The review shows that unfortunately this body of work is largely ignored in natural science drought research. It proposes to eschew the dichotomy between drought as a physical phenomenon and its socioeconomic impacts by framing droughts as disasters. It calls for dialogue and cooperation between the sciences of nature and the sciences of society (including the humanities) to create an integrated field of drought research, in the hope that this may bring to the public debate convincing interpretations of current droughts in a dramatically changing climate.

This article is categorized under:

Climate, History, Society, Culture > World Historical Perspectives
Shifting paradigm in electrochemical biosensing matrices comprising metal organic frameworks and their composites in disease diagnosis
Authors: Shubhangi  , Divya  , Rai Sanjay K. , Chandra Pranjal
Published: July 2024

Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs) are an evolving category of crystalline microporous materials that have grabbed the research interest for quite some time due to their admirable physio‐chemical properties and easy fabrication methods. Their enormous surface area can be a working ground for innumerable molecular adhesions and site for potential sensor matrices. They have been explored in the last decade for incorporation in electrochemical sensor matrices as diagnostic solutions for a plethora of diseases. This review emphasizes on some of the recent advancements in the area of MOF‐based electrochemical biosensors with focus on various important diseases and their significance in upgrading the sensor performance. It summarizes MOF‐based biosensors for monitoring biomarkers relevant to diabetes, viral and bacterial sepsis infections, neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer in a wide range of real matrices. The discussion has been supplemented with extensive tables elaborating recent trends in the field of MOF‐composite probe fabrication strategies with their respective sensing parameters. The article sums up the future scope of these materials in the field of biosensors and enlightens the reader with recent trends for future research scope.

This article is categorized under:

Diagnostic Tools > Biosensing

Diagnostic Tools > Diagnostic Nanodevices
Application Potential of Pnp‐Switching Semiconductors
Authors: Deng Philipp , Hoffmann Matthias , Nilges Tom
Published: July 2024

Materials with tunable properties are often in the focus of materials science. Up to this point four different semiconducting materials and substitution variants have been found that are capable of switching between p‐ and n‐type conduction by a simple change in temperature. In this review, we illustrate previous findings of these pnp‐switching materials and current developments in functional implementations. While in the past decade, the scientific focus was primarily on discovering new materials that possess this intriguing switching effect, recently the first devices were successfully constructed and tested. Using the compounds, Ag18Cu3Te11Cl3 and AgCuS, that exhibit the pnp‐switching behaviour at approximately room temperature and 364 K, respectively, two single‐material diodes were developed and characterized. The approach for inducing this effect is denoted and the fundamental principles for realizing these devices are summarized.
Understanding Urbanization
Authors: Evers David , Katurić Ivana , van der Wouden Ries
Published: July 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the historical context and contemporary perspectives on urbanization within Europe, emphasizing the sustainability challenges associated with land-use changes. A conceptual framework is presented which introduces key concepts and illustrates the input (drivers), production (decision-making), and outcomes (land conversion and urban form) of urbanization. The driving forces include exogenous factors, such as demographic shifts and economic changes, and endogenous factors, such as infrastructure development, finances, and spatial planning. Production consists of land development practices. Outcomes are described by the amount of urbanization as well as its form (compact, polycentric, and diffuse). The chapter closes with a reflection on sustainability.
Urbanization Interventions: Strategies, Plans, and Policies
Authors: Evers David , Katurić Ivana , van der Wouden Ries
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the successes and challenges of managing urban growth. It examines the influence of formal and informal rules in society on urban development, drawing on examples of strategic planning and transit-oriented development in cities such as Stockholm, Amsterdam, and Paris. Despite ample qualitative evidence regarding the importance of national planning systems, it is difficult to establish a statistically significant causal link between planning systems and their ability to control urban development. The evidence also shows an increasing impact of European policies and strategies, such as the European Green Deal, on urbanization despite the absence of a mandate for planning.
Exact results for giant graviton four-point correlators
Authors: Brown Augustus , Galvagno Francesco , Wen Congkao
Published: July 2024

Abstract

We study the four-point correlator $$ \left\langle {\mathcal{O}}_2{\mathcal{O}}_2\mathcal{DD}\right\rangle $$

O
2

O
2

DD

in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory (SYM) with SU(N) gauge group, where $$ {\mathcal{O}}_2 $$

O
2

represents the superconformal primary operator with dimension two, while $$ \mathcal{D} $$
D
denotes a determinant operator of dimension N, which is holographically dual to a giant graviton D3-brane extending along S5. We analyse the integrated correlator associated with this observable, obtained after integrating out the spacetime dependence over a supersymmetric invariant measure. Similarly to other classes of integrated correlators in $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM, this integrated correlator can be computed through supersymmetric localisation on the four-sphere. Employing matrix-model recursive techniques, we demonstrate that the integrated correlator can be reformulated as an infinite sum of protected three-point functions with known coefficients. This insight allows us to circumvent the complexity associated with the dimension-N determinant operator, significantly streamlining the large-N expansion of the integrated correlator. In the planar limit and beyond, we derive exact results for the integrated correlator valid for all values of the ’t Hooft coupling, and investigate the resurgent properties of their strong coupling expansion. Additionally, in the large-N expansion with fixed (complexified) Yang-Mills coupling, we deduce the SL(2, ℤ) completion of these results in terms of the non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. The proposed modular functions are confirmed by explicit instanton calculations from the matrix model, and agree with expectations from the holographic dual picture of known results in type IIB string theory.
Limits on heavy neutral leptons, Z′ bosons and majorons from high-energy supernova neutrinos
Authors: Akita Kensuke , Im Sang Hui , Masud Mehedi , Yun Seokhoon
Published: July 2024

Abstract

Light hypothetical particles with masses up to $$ \mathcal{O}(100) $$
O

100

MeV can be produced in the core of supernovae. Their subsequent decays to neutrinos can produce a flux component with higher energies than the standard flux. We study the impact of heavy neutral leptons, Z′ bosons, in particular $$ \textrm{U}{(1)}_{L_{\mu }-{L}_{\tau }} $$
U

1

L
μ

−

L
τ

and U(1)B−L gauge bosons, and majorons coupled to neutrinos flavor-dependently. We obtain new strong limits on these particles from no events of high-energy SN 1987A neutrinos and their future sensitivities from observations of galactic supernova neutrinos.
Nuclear translocation of ISG15 regulated by PPP2R2B inhibits cisplatin resistance of bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Gaowei , Liu Jinwen , Yu Anze , Luo Chenggong , Zhu Jiangquan , Wang Yinghan , Dai Ziran , Zhang Lizhen , Feng Zihao , Lu Jun , Dong Zhong , Luo Junhang , Chen Wei , Chen Zhenhua
Published: July 2024

Cisplatin resistance is a major challenge for systemic therapy against advanced bladder cancer (BC). Little information is available on the regulation of cisplatin resistance and the underlying mechanisms require elucidation. Here, we detected that downregulation of the tumor suppressor, PPP2R2B (a serine/threonine protein phosphatase 2 A regulatory subunit), in BC promoted cell proliferation and migration. What’s more, low PPP2R2B expression was correlated with cisplatin resistance. In vitro and in vivo experiments verified that PPP2R2B could promote BC sensitivity to cisplatin. In terms of mechanism, we identified a novel function of PPP2R2B as a nucleocytoplasmic transport molecule. PPP2R2B promoted ISG15 entry into the nucleus by mediating binding of IPO5 with ISG15. Nuclear translocation of ISG15 inhibited DNA repair, further increasing ISG15 expression through activation of the STING pathway. Besides, PPP2R2B was down-regulated by SUV39H1-mediated histone 3 lysine 9 trimethylation, which could be restored by the SUV39H1-specific inhibitor, chaetocin. Our data suggest that PPP2R2B expression level is a potential biomarker for chemotherapy response and that chemotherapy in combination with chaetocin may be a feasible treatment strategy for patients with BC.
The viscoelastic paradox in a nonlinear Kelvin–Voigt type model of dynamic fracture
Authors: Caponi Maicol , Carbotti Alessandro , Sapio Francesco
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we consider a dynamic model of fracture for viscoelastic materials, in which the constitutive relation, involving the Cauchy stress and the strain tensors, is given in an implicit nonlinear form. We prove the existence of a solution to the associated viscoelastic dynamic system on a prescribed time-dependent cracked domain via a discretization-in-time argument. Moreover, we show that such a solution satisfies an energy-dissipation balance in which the energy used to increase the crack does not appear. As a consequence, in analogy to the linear case this nonlinear model exhibits the so-called viscoelastic paradox.
The effect of Porter’s competitive forces on competitive advantage and organisational performance and the moderating role of management accounting practices
Authors: Baird Kevin , Nuhu Nuraddeen , Jiao Lu
Published: July 2024

This study examines the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on organisational performance and competitive advantage and the moderating role of the use of traditional and contemporary management accounting practices on this relationship. Using survey data collected from 505 US-based financial managers, the findings indicate that the use of traditional management accounting practices was found to positively moderate the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on competitive advantage. Additional exploratory analysis revealed that the extent of use of contemporary management accounting practices positively moderates the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on organisational performance in a product differentiation/high-force environment. The extent of use of contemporary management accounting practices was also found to positively moderate the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on competitive advantage in a low-cost/high-force. However, the extent of use of contemporary management accounting practices was found to negatively moderate the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on competitive advantage in a product differentiation/low-force environment. Finally, the extent of use of traditional management accounting practices was found to negatively moderate the effect of the intensity of competitive forces on organisational performance in the product differentiation/high-force model. These findings provide a preliminary insight into the important role of management accounting practices in the management of competitive forces.
Diagnostic accuracy and reliability of CT-based Node-RADS for colon cancer
Authors: Leonhardi Jakob , Mehdorn Matthias , Stelzner Sigmar , Scheuermann Uwe , Höhn Anne-Kathrin , Seehofer Daniel , Schnarkowski Benedikt , Denecke Timm , Meyer Hans-Jonas
Published: July 2024

Objective

The Node-RADS classification was recently published as a classification system to better characterize lymph nodes in oncological imaging. The present analysis investigated the diagnostic benefit of the Node-RADS classification of staging computed tomography (CT) images to categorize and stage lymph nodes in patients with colon cancer.

Materials and methods

All patients were surgically resected and the lymph nodes were histopathological analyzed. All investigated lymph nodes were scored in accordance to the Node-RADS classification by two experienced radiologists. Interreader variability was assessed with Cohen’s kappa analysis, discrimination analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney-U test and diagnostic accuracy was assessed with receiver-operating characteristics (ROC) curve analysis.

Results

Overall, 108 patients (n = 49 females, 45.3%) with a mean age of 70.08 ± 14.34 years were included. In discrimination analysis, the total Node-RADS score showed statistically significant differences between N- and N + stage (for reader 1: mean 1.89 ± 1.09 score for N- versus 2.93 ± 1.62 score for N+, for reader 2: 1.33 ± 0.48 score for N- versus 3.65 ± 0.94 score for N+, p = 0.001, respectively). ROC curve analysis for lymph node discrimination showed an area under the curve of 0.68. A threshold value of 2 resulted in a sensitivity of 0.62 and a specificity of 0.71.

Conclusion

Node-RADS score derived from staging CT shows only limited diagnostic accuracy to correctly predict nodal positivity in colon cancer. The interreader variability seems to be high and should question the clinical translation for this tumour entity.
Mathematical Models for the Large Spread of a Contact-Based Infection: A Statistical Mechanics Approach
Authors: Bisi Marzia , Lorenzani Silvia
Published: July 2024

In this work, we derive a system of Boltzmann-type equations to describe the spread of contact-based infections, such as SARS-CoV-2 virus, at the microscopic scale, that is, by modeling the human-to-human mechanisms of transmission. To this end, we consider two populations, characterized by specific distribution functions, made up of individuals without symptoms (population 1) and infected people with symptoms (population 2). The Boltzmann operators model the interactions between individuals within the same population and among different populations with a probability of transition from one to the other due to contagion or, vice versa, to recovery. In addition, the influence of innate and adaptive immune systems is taken into account. Then, starting from the Boltzmann microscopic description we derive a set of evolution equations for the size and mean state of each population considered. Mathematical properties of such macroscopic equations, as equilibria and their stability, are investigated, and some numerical simulations are performed in order to analyze the ability of our model to reproduce the characteristic features of Covid-19 type pandemics.
Added value of EURO-CORDEX downscaling over the complex orography region of the Pyrenees
Authors: Bilbao-Barrenetxea Nerea , Santolaria-Otín María , Teichmann Claas , Faria Sérgio Henrique , Máñez-Costa María
Published: July 2024

This study presents an assessment of the added value of downscaling utilizing Regional Climate Models (RCMs) compared to Global Climate Models (GCMs) in the high mountain region of the Pyrenees, characterized by complex topography. The EURO-CORDEX ensemble was investigated, employing a gridded high-resolution observational database as a reference. A recently proposed method is applied to quantify the performance gains or losses associated with dynamic downscaling. Our analysis focuses on calculating the added value by exploring the extremes of the Probability Density Function (PDF), spatial distribution patterns, and its relationship with elevation. Overall, our findings reveal significant improvements in the representation and general characterization of precipitation, minimum temperature, and maximum temperature in the Pyrenean region. Furthermore, RCMs demonstrate enhanced performance in capturing maximum precipitation events; however, they struggle to represent low precipitation rates, particularly in the Mediterranean area of the mountain range. Regarding temperature extremes, dynamical downscaling exhibits improvements in capturing maximum events. Nevertheless, deficiencies are observed in the RCMs’ representation of minimum temperature events for both minimum and maximum temperature variables, as well as in representing near-freezing temperatures.
A versatile method for facile and reliable synthesis of colloidal particles with a size and composition gradient
Authors: Berger Alexander , Theis Maximilian , von Wedel Henrike , Rößler Tamino , Papastavrou Georg , Senker Jürgen , Retsch Markus
Published: July 2024

Colloidal particles play a pivotal role in numerous applications across various disciplines, many of which necessitate precise control over particle size and size distribution. Seeded growth reactions have been established as effective methods for reproducibly accessing tailor-made particles. However, conventional batch-wise syntheses only yield discrete particle sizes. With the increasing focus on complex structures in current research, there is a demand for innovative and adaptable techniques to produce colloidal particles with precise sizes and size distributions. The Controlled Emulsion Extraction Process (CrEEP) is capable of addressing this challenge. Here, we present in detail how this synthesis works and demonstrate its reliability and versatility. Our approach exploits the time-dependent particle growth and enables accessing dispersions of controlled particle size distributions. We highlight these possibilities through a variation of the monomer feed and feed composition, resulting in gradual changes in both size and glass transition temperature, respectively. Beyond its application to polymer particles, CrEEP can be seamlessly extended to other seeded-growth mechanisms, such as the silica Stöber synthesis. Consequently, the Controlled Extraction Stöber Process (CrESP) similarly yields a size gradient, showcasing the generality of this synthetic advancement.

Graphical abstract
The use of biologics in patients suffering from chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps – a 4-year real life observation
Authors: Frankenberger Hanna , Wiebringhaus Robert , Paul Benedikt , Huber Patrick , Haubner Frank , Gröger Moritz , Stihl Clemens
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Antibody therapy for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) has been established in Germany since 2019. With limited long-term data on biologic treatment for CRSwNP, we conducted a comprehensive evaluation of our 4-year data. This monocentric study aims to assess the real-world effects of this treatment on clinical course, quality of life, treatment adherence, biologic switching, dual therapy, and comorbidities.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed biologic therapy data in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. 191 patients with CRSwNP treated with Dupilumab, Mepolizumab, or Omalizumab were observed for up to 4 years in a real-life setting.

Results

We observed clear symptom improvements with few side effects. No loss of efficacy or tolerability was noted during the 4-year period. Patients reported high satisfaction compared to previous therapies, with overall improved quality of life. Revision surgery or oral steroid use during biologic therapy was rare. Some patients prolonged injection intervals or discontinued steroid nasal spray. Biologic switching occurred infrequently due to side effects or inadequate response and was generally well tolerated. Many patients reported additional positive effects such as asthma or allergy symptom improvement and reduced medication intake.

Conclusion

In summary, this study confirms the potency and tolerability of biologics for CRSwNP treatment, with sustained efficacy over 4 years. Biologic switching is a viable option for inadequate response or intolerable side effects. Therapy positively impacts Th2 comorbidities, corticosteroid requirements, surgery need, and overall compliance remains high.

Clinical trial registration

Project No.: 22–0802. Registry name: Biologika bei Patient*innen mit chronischer Sinusitis mit Nasenpolypen.
Patient Perception of Cough in Interstitial Lung Disease; Impact of Cough Hypersensitivity
Authors: Hirons B. , Rhatigan K. , Wright L. , Kesavan H. , Mackay E. , Cho P. S. P. , Birring S. S. , Myall K. J.
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cough is common in interstitial lung disease (ILD) and is associated with disease progression, yet its mechanisms are understudied. We investigated cough hypersensitivity features and impact in ILD.

Methods

Participants with ILD and cough (n = 195) completed a multiple choice and free text questionnaire on cough sensations/triggers and impacts.

Results

The majority of participants were male (54%), aged > 65 (64%), with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF, 75%). Common cough triggers were body position (74%), physical activity (72%), and talking (62%). Common laryngeal sensations were globus (43%), and itch/tickle (42%). Cough impacted everyday life in 55%, and all activities in 31%, causing exhaustion (59%), social embarrassment (70%), urinary incontinence (46% females), and syncope/pre-syncope (12%). The total number of cough-provoking sensations/triggers correlated with impacts; ρ = 0.73, p < 0.001.

Conclusion

Cough hypersensitivity symptoms are prevalent in ILD and detrimentally affect quality of life. Further studies investigating mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity and targeted pharmacotherapy are warranted.
Spinal movement disorders in NMOSD, MOGAD, and idiopathic transverse myelitis: a prospective observational study
Authors: Abboud Hesham , Sun Rongyi , Modak Nikhil , Elkasaby Mohamed , Wang Alexander , Levy Michael
Published: July 2024

Background

Retrospective studies suggest that spinal movement disorders, especially tonic spasms, are prevalent in NMOSD. However, there have been no prospective studies evaluating spinal movement disorders in NMOSD, MOGAD, and idiopathic transverse myelitis (ITM).

Methods

Patients referred to a tertiary neuroimmunology clinic for spinal cord demyelination (excluding MS) were evaluated. All patients answered a movement disorders survey and underwent a movement disorder-focused exam. Movement disorders were compared among patients with NMOSD with and without AQP4-IgG, MOGAD, and ITM. Patients with and without involuntary movements were also compared to identify predictors of spinal movement disorders.

Results

Sixty-three patients were evaluated from 2017 to 2021 (71% females, median age 49 years, range 18–72 years, median disease duration 12 months, range 1–408). Of the total, 49% had ITM, 21% had NMOSD without AQP4-IgG, 19% had NMOSD with AQP4-IgG, and 11% had MOGAD. Movement disorders were present in 73% of the total patients and were most frequent in NMOSD with AQP4-IgG (92%) and least frequent in MOGAD (57%). The most frequent spinal movement disorders were tonic spasms (57%), focal dystonia (25%), spinal tremor (16%), spontaneous clonus (9.5%), secondary restless limb syndrome (9.5%), and spinal myoclonus (8%). Multivariate analysis showed that longitudinally extensive myelitis and AQP4-IgG are independent risk factors for the development of spinal movement disorders, while MOG-IgG and African American race were associated with a lower risk of developing these movement disorders.

Conclusions

Spinal movement disorders are highly prevalent in non-MS demyelinating disorders of the spinal cord. Prevalence rates exceed those reported in MS and retrospective NMOSD studies.
Unveiling the cell dynamics during the final shape formation of the tarsus in Drosophila adult leg by live imaging
Authors: Hiraiwa Shotaro , Takeshita Shumpei , Terano Tensho , Hayashi Ryuhei , Suzuki Koyo , Tajiri Reiko , Kojima Tetsuya
Published: July 2024

Organisms display a remarkable diversity in their shapes. Although substantial progress has been made in unraveling the mechanisms that govern cell fate determination during development, the mechanisms by which fate-determined cells give rise to the final shapes of organisms remain largely unknown. This study describes in detail the process of the final shape formation of the tarsus, which is near the distal tip of the adult leg, during the pupal stage in Drosophila melanogaster. Days-long live imaging revealed unexpectedly complicated cellular dynamics. The epithelial cells transiently form the intriguing structure, which we named the Parthenon-like structure. The basal surface of the epithelial cells and localization of the basement membrane protein initially show a mesh-like structure and rapidly shrink into the membranous structure during the formation and disappearance of the Parthenon-like structure. Furthermore, macrophage-like cells are observed moving around actively in the Parthenon-like structure and engulfing epithelial cells. The findings in this research are expected to significantly contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms involved in shaping the final structure of the adult tarsus.