bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial variation in cost of electricity-driven continuous ammonia production in the United States
Authors: Bose Abhishek , Lazouski Nikifar , Gala Michal , Manthiram Karthish , Mallapragada Dharik
Published: February 2022

Cost-effective, low-carbon ammonia production is necessary for decarbonizing its existing uses, but could also enable decarbonization of other difficult-to-electrify end uses like shipping where energy density is a key criterion. Here, we assess the levelized cost of ammonia production (95% availability) at industrial-scale quantities (250 tonnes/day) in 2030 from integrating commercial technologies for renewable electricity generation, electrolysis, ammonia synthesis and energy storage. Our analysis accounts for the spatial and temporal variability in cost and emissions attributes of electricity supply from variable renewable energy (VRE) sources and the grid, and its implications on plant design, operations, cost and emissions. Based on 2030 technology cost and grid projections, we find that grid-connected ammonia in the midcontinental U.S. costs 0.54-0.64 $/kg, as compared to 0.3-0.4 $/kg for natural gas-based ammonia and depending on the generation mix of the grid, may have higher or lower CO2 emissions. Fully VRE-based ammonia production, even with simultaneous wind and PV utilization, is more expensive than grid connected outcomes, due to the need for storage to manage VRE intermittency and continuous ammonia production. Instead, using VRE and grid electricity for ammonia production under moderate carbon policy (50$/tonne CO2 price) in the midcontinental U.S. can achieve 55-100% CO2 emissions reduction per tonne of ammonia compared to natural gas routes and corresponds to levelized cost range of 0.54-0.63 $/kg NH3). Further cost reductions are shown to be possible if the ammonia synthesis loop can be made more flexible, which reduces the need for round- the-clock electricity supply and the substitute use of battery storage with ammonia storage.
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Authors: D. Sujana
Published: February 2022

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Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: February 2022

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Authors: Prakash Gnana
Published: February 2022

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Research on the Risk Management Issues of VAM Agreements in Private Equity Financing
Authors: Du Cong
Published: February 2022

At present, the biggest obstacle that growing enterprises may encounter in their development process is insufficient funds. Private equity financing does not only solve the capital problem of enterprises, but also provide enterprises with professional management concepts and even help growing enterprises to go public in advance. However, high returns must be accompanied by high risks. For example, private equity financing has information asymmetry risks, principal-agent risks, etc., and these risks make it impossible to maximize the advantages of private equity financing. Therefore, in order to reduce the risks brought by financing, investment and financing parties should choose to sign gambling contracts to reduce the risk. In recent years, the use of VAM agreements has become more in China. However, according to incomplete statistics, less than 30% of VAM agreements are successful, and this result is mainly due to the insufficient depth and breadth of research on VAM agreements. Therefore, this article will comprehensively analyze the problems that need to be paid attention to when signing a gambling agreement by introducing the case of Anda Technology, and the issue of targeted risk prevention will also be discussed in this paper.
Filipino Teachers’ Attitudes towards Distance Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bautista Jr. Angelito Palma , Balibrea Dianne Morta , Bleza Doris Gelvoligaya
Published: February 2022

Due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, distance education has subsequently turned into the dominant mode of teaching, especially in the Philippines, where the majority of schools are still physically closed. Over a year since distance education was fully implemented in the country, it is essential to understand the general attitudes towards distance learning of Filipino teachers who have been teaching at various educational levels, including elementary, secondary, and tertiary levels, particularly in terms of student interaction, student performance, tool use, and availability, the support they have received from their schools, their willingness to handle distance and learning classes, as well as their experience in online teaching. The quantitative study was conducted with 151 respondents, using an online survey. Regarding their general attitude towards distance learning, the majority believe that distance education is not a viable alternative to face-to-face learning. In terms of student performance, a big majority believe that students learn less in distance-education classes; and academic dishonesty is more prevalent in such a setting. Teachers also had a more negative attitude towards the availability of an infrastructure for distance learning and the difficulty of managing the technology needed. Still, they have a more positive attitude regarding the support they receive from their schools. Overall, the study revealed that respondents have mixed attitudes towards distance learning, although there is a statistically significant difference between their gender and their attitudes towards distance learning. Moreover, the benefits of distance learning can be maximized, if appropriate training and support are provided to both teachers and students.
Perception on the Online Classes Challenges Experienced during the COVID-19 Pandemic by LSPU Computer Studies Students
Authors: Del Rosario Marco Jr. N. , dela Cruz Ronnel A.
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic forces educational institutions to divert from traditional face-to-face classes to online classes. Despite the implementation and acceptance of the general population on this setup, various challenges are being experienced by the students. Through a literature review, this study determined the challenges of online classes faced by the students which commonly fall in the following domains: technology, digital competency, compatibility, socioeconomic factor, human and pets’ intrusions or noise, demanding workload, assessment and supervision, time management and motivation, and social and emotional health. The study further investigated the constructs of the challenges based on the students’ responses. To gain breadth and depth of understanding on the challenges, both quantitative and qualitative research and data were mixed and used. The result in the quantitative method shows that the level of agreement of the students, if they are experiencing problems in terms of communication and interaction, teaching methodologies of the instructors, and learning resources, revealed to be neutral. However, analysing the qualitative results shows that there are recurring themes in the challenges such as poor or unstable internet connection, human intrusion and noise, feedback and communication issues, and issues in delivering teaching and learning. Further, this research has implications for advising faculty, curriculum designers and administrators on the needs and experiences of the students which can provide insights in planning and designing of teaching and learning delivery for the coming semesters.
Some Properties of Controlled K-g-Frames in Hilbert C∗-Modules
Authors: Echarghaoui Rachid , Ghiati M'hamed , Mouniane Mohammed , Rossafi Mohamed
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to studying the controlled K-g-frames in Hilbert C∗-modules, some useful results are presented. Also, the concept of controlled K-g-dual frames is given. Finally, we discuss the stability problem for controlled K-g-frames in Hilbert C∗-modules.
COAL STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BAYAH FORMATION BASED ON X-RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS
Authors: Hamdani Ahmad Helman , Haryanto Agus Didit , Iqbal Muhamad
Published: February 2022

The coal of Bayah Formation in Lebak Regency, Indonesia have been subjected to attenuated to X-ray diffraction (XRD), to study their chemical and structural characteristics. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) has been widely used throughout the world and has high accuracy in identifying the molecular structure of coal. Curve-fitting analysis was employed to characterize coal structural. Based on ASTM, the coal rank from this area is high-volatile bituminous B. The research results show all coals have the similar coal structural crystallite characteristics. The value of d002 is in the range of 3.87 to 3.96, reflecting the coals have a low content of crystalline structure. The crystallite height (Lc) and diameter (La) were increase, while d002 decrease in relation of more mature coals. Due to structural parameters (d002, Lc and La) the coals of Bayah Formation dominantly by disordered amorphous structure, with small amount crystallite structure
Sistem Pengukuran Suhu Tubuh Menggunakan AMG8833 Dan Kinect Sebagai Pencegahan Penularan Covid-19
Authors: Wiwin Lovita  , Aulia  , Junaldi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to create an effective and safe body temperature measurement system to prevent the transmission of covid-19 using the AMG8833 and Kinect. The method of sending data uses the Internet of Thing (IoT) and face tracking with 3D form as face identification using a kinect type xbox 360 using an arduino uno and a buzzer connected to the AMG8833. AMG8833 has an infrared detector which is arranged in an 8x8 array and reads body temperature non-contact by detecting infrared energy from the body. kinect recognizes facial features based on the distance of the kinect position coordinates on the face. AMG8833 and kinect as input, Arduino uno as AMG8833 data processing and buzzer gives a sound signal if the temperature is above 37.10 0C. Body temperature measurement data was carried out 3 times, namely at a distance of 5,10 and 15cm. Measurement data from this body temperature measuring instrument are compared with a thermogun average error value of 0.11% with a difference between the maximum and minimum average body temperatures of 0.04%. It is hoped that body temperature measurements can be as a precaution against the spread of covid-19.
THE USE OF ABSTRACTION AND STYLIZATION AS A METHOD OF FORM CREATION IN GRAPHIC DESIGN EDUCATION
Authors: ERSAN Merve
Published: February 2022

Grafik tasarımda bir görüntüyü ifade etmenin birçok biçimi ve yöntemi bulunmaktadır. Bazı durumlarda fotoğraf ya da gerçekçi bir illüstrasyon verilmek istenen mesajı güçlendirirken, bazı durumlarda görüntünün çizimi, sembolü ya da
stilize edilmiş biçimi daha etkili ve akılda kalıcı olmaktadır. Bu araştırmada grafik tasarımda özgün bir form oluşturma yöntemi olarak soyutlama ve stilizasyon yöntemlerinin kullanımı incelenmiştir. Bu yöntemlerin grafik bir form
oluşturmada etkilerini uygulamalı olarak görebilmek amacıyla Sanat ve Tasarım Fakültesi Grafik Tasarımı bölümünde Tasarım İlke ve Yöntemleri dersini alan öğrenciler ile bir proje gerçekleştirilmiştir. Projede sırasıyla fotoğraf
ve foto-gerçekçi çizimlerden yola çıkılarak, görüntüler öğrenciler tarafından belirli aşamalarla soyutlanmış ve stilize edilmiş, oluşturulan yeni formlardan logo tasarımı elde etme süreçleri incelenmiştir. Ortaya çıkan özgün biçimler,
kullanılan yöntemin ve projenin aşamalarının etkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuç olarak araştırma, öğrencilerin yaratıcı etkinlikleri dahilinde soyutlama ve stilize etme yöntemlerinin somut olarak bir grafik ürüne nasıl dönüşebileceğini
ortaya koymuştur.
THE INFLUENCE OF FANTASTIC NARRATIVES ON TURKISH CERAMIC ART OF THE 12TH and 13TH CENTURIES
Authors: TUNCER Alper , KAHRAMAN Duygu
Published: February 2022

Dünya genelinde birçok toplumun sanat anlayışı, yaşadığı coğrafya ve etnik köken ile bağlantılı biçimde oluşmuştur. Bu anlayışın oluşumunda, ilkel çağlardan bu yana yapılan aktarımların etkisi oldukça büyüktür. Kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılarak
günümüze ulaşan mitler, söylenceler ve masallar toplumsal belleğin oluşumuna büyük katkı sağlamışlardır. Geçmişe ayna tutan bu anlatılar, hayal ürünü gibi görünseler de dönemlerine ait gerçeklikleri içlerinde barındırmaktadırlar.
Fantastik ögelerin görüldüğü bu anlatılar, halen toplumların inanç, kültür ve sanat olgularının bir parçası olmaya devam etmektedirler. Türk toplumları özelinde; mitler, söylenceler ve masallar kültürel kimlik oluşumunun parçası
olarak görülmekte ve birçok alanda etkisini hissettirmektedir. Seramik sanatı da bu alanlardan biri olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Türkler, bezeme tekniği kullanarak sanatsal amaçla üretilen seramiklerde birçok motif, tasvir ve anlatıya
yer vermişlerdir. Özellikle 12 ve 13. yüzyıllarda Büyük Selçuklu Devleti döneminde birçok mit, söylence ve masal unsuru seramik sanatında kendilerine yer bulmuştur. Belirtilen dönemlere ait fantastik anlatıların Türk seramik sanatına
yansımaları, bu araştırma ile incelenecektir.
EFFECTIVE SPEAKING METAPHORS ACCORDING TO PRIMARY TEACHER CANDIDATES' PERCEPTIONS
Authors: VATANSEVER BAYRAKTAR Hatice , BİNGÜL Çağla
Published: February 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının “Etkili konuşma” kavramına ilişkin sahip oldukları zihinsel imgeleri metaforlar aracılığıyla ortaya çıkarmaktır. Sınıf Öğretmeni adaylarının etkili konuşma kavramına ilişkin metaforik
algılarını ortaya çıkartmak için nitel araştırma yöntemlerinde fenomoloji (olgubilim) kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 31 sınıf öğretmeni adayı oluşturmuştur. Katılımcılara “Etkili konuşma …..………………… gibidir/benzer.
Çünkü ……” ifadesi verilerek cümleyi tamamlamaları istenmiştir. Araştırma verilerinin değerlendirilmesinde “içerik analizi” tekniği kullanılmıştır. 31 metaforun analizi sonucunda 6 kategori ortaya çıkmıştır. Sınıf öğretmeni adaylarının
ürettiği metaforlar “Etkili konuşmanın doğru kullanımı”, “Etkili konuşmanın gerekliliği”, “Etkili konuşma iletişimi güzel kılar”, “Etkili konuşma iletişimi kolaylaştırır”, “Etkili konuşma kişiyi yansıtır”, “Etkili konuşma kişiyi
etkiler” kategorileri altında toplanmıştır. Üretilen metaforlarda olumsuz bir ifadeye rastlanılmamıştır. Araştırma sonucunda en çok üretilen metaforların sihir ve anahtar olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
MUSICAL AND TECHNICAL ANALYSIS OF KÖHLER OP.33-III '8 STUDI DIFFICILI PER IL FLAUTO' ETUDE BOOK
Authors: ALEMLİOĞLU Hasan , SONSEL Ömer Bilgehan
Published: February 2022

Ernesto Köhler’in Op.33-III ‘8 StudiDifficili Per IlFlauto’ etüt kitabı flüt eğitimi veren müzik eğitimi kurumlarında önemli bir yere sahiptir. Bu çalışma ile flüt eğitiminde sıkça başvurulan ve flüt repertuvarı içerisinde önemli bir
yere sahip olan bu kitaptaki 8 etüdün analizi yapılmaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında yer alan etütlerin analizinde nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden biri olan doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bu yönüyle betimsel bir
çalışmadır. Yapılan analizler için araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan ve uzman görüşüne sunulan ‘‘Müzikal Ögeler Tespit Formu’’ ve ‘‘Teknik Ögeler Tespit Formu’’ kullanılmıştır ve elde edilen veriler tablolar halinde sunulmuştur.
Yapılan analizler sonucunda etütlerin 5’inin minör, 3’ünün majör tonda olduğu, 4 etütte modülasyon ve 5 etütte tempo değişikliklerinin yapıldığı, 5 etütün şarkı formunda, 2 etütün ise rondo formunda bestelendiği ve etütlerin daha
çok legato tekniğini ve çeşitli aralıkları çalıştırdığı, süslemelere çok az yer verildiği tespit edilmiştir.
MISSIONARY ACTIVITIES OF RUSSIA BETWEEN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE AND IRANIAN ASSYRIANS
Authors: ÇETİNKAYA Arzu
Published: February 2022

On dokuzuncu yüzyılın ikinci yarısından itibaren Batılı devletlerarasında sömürgecilik faaliyetleri hız kazanmıştır. Çar I.Petro’dan itibaren sıcak denizlere inme politikasıyla bu rekabete Rusya’da katılmıştır. Sömürgeci devletler
yayılmacı politikalarında askeri, siyasi, ekonomik ve teopolitik olmak üzere çeşitli enstrümanlar kullanmışlardır. 19. yüzyıldaki sömürgecilik politikaları Osmanlı İmparatorluğunu parçalama planları üzerine kurulmuştur. Bu planları
uygularken İmparatorluk içerisindeki Hıristiyanları Devlete karşı kışkırtarak bağımsızlık ya da özerkliklerini kazandırmak en çok başvurulan yöntem olmuştur. Bu konuda misyoner cemiyetleri temsil ettikleri devlete en etkili hizmeti
vermişlerdir. Bu makalede Osmanlı ve İran Devletleri içinde küçük bir grubu oluşturan Süryaniler arasındaki Rus misyoner çalışmalarına yer verilmektedir. Ayrıca Rusya’nın uyguladığı teopolitikanın başarısı/başarısızlığı tartışılmaktadır.
Bunu yaparken Batılı devletlerin politikalarıyla karşılaştırma yapılarak Osmanlıca arşiv belgelerinden, yerli ve yabancı literatürden faydalanılmıştır.
EXAMINATION OF THE EFFECT OF EXPERIENCE QUALITY OF DOMESTIC TOURISTS ON MEMORABLE TOURISM EXPERIENCE: EXAMPLE OF CAPPADOCIA REGION
Authors: AYLAN F. Kübra
Published: February 2022

Experience quality is the benefits and consequences that people experience as a result of participating in a tourism activity. Memorable tourism experience, on the other hand, is the positive recall and mental re-enactment of the experiences
after participating in this activity. In this direction, the outputs of the experience quality have a significant impact on the memorable tourism experience. In this study, it is aimed to measure the effect of the experience quality
of domestic tourists visiting the Cappadocia region on their memorable holiday experiences. In accordance with the purpose, a face-to-face questionnaire was applied to 416 domestic tourists by using the questionnaire technique,
which is one of the quantitative research methods. The applied questionnaire consists of three parts. In the first part, there are questions to determine the socioeconomic and demographic characteristics of the participants. In
the second part, there is an experience quality scale consisting of 9 items, and in the third part, there are 20 items to determine memorable tourism experiences. Data collection was carried out in the Cappadocia region between
June 10 and October 24, 2021. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics 25.0 program. In the analysis of the data, descriptive statistics, correlation, simple and multiple linear regression analysis were used. According
to the results of the analysis, it was determined that the educational, entertaining and escape dimensions of the experience quality positively affect the memorable tourism experience.
HISTORY OF ELECTRICITY
Authors: KÜÇÜK Serhat
Published: February 2022

Tarih boyunca insanın her türlü hareketine kısıtlama getiren gece, insanoğlunun en büyük sıkıntılarından biri olmuştur. Tüm yaşantısını gün ışığına göre düzenlemek zorunda kalmıştır. Bu konuda kırılma yaratacak olan gelişme ise ateşin
bulunuşudur. Ateşi kullanarak başladığı karanlıkla mücadelesini; mum, gibi nispeten zayıf aydınlatma araçlarıyla sürdüren insanoğlu, elektrikle birlikte gücünü doruk noktasına ulaştırabilmiştir. Aynı şekilde, insanoğlunun ilk çağlardan
beri aradığı bir diğer şey: hükmedebileceği bir enerji kaynağıdır. Bu aşamada ilk başvurulan enerji kaynakları ise Güneş ve su olmuştur. Ancak bu çözümler de kendi içerisinde sorunlar barındırmaktadır: Güneşin her zaman parlamaması
ve kışın su saatlerindeki suların donması gibi. Bu sıkıntıları aşma adına devam eden arayışlar neticesinde mekanik saatler icat edilecektir. Zamanı ölçme amaçlı tüm bu çabaların da iki ayrı sonucu olmuştur: Birincisi, tabiatın
ortaya çıkardığı pek çok sorunun çözümünü makinelerde gören bir zihniyet oluşmuştur. İkincisi ise insanoğlunun, en önemli enerji kaynakları, güneş ve su’dan bile yeri geldiğinde mahrum kalabileceğini görerek yaz-kış, gece-gündüz
her koşulda, kontrolün kendisinde olduğu bir enerji kaynağı arayışına girmesinde aktif rol oynamıştır. Bu yazının amacı da hem birey hem de toplum yaşantısı açısından geri dönüşü olmayan etkiler bırakan elektrik enerjisinin keşif
sürecini, bu süreçte önemli rol oynayan kişiler ve gelişmeler ekseninde ortaya koyarak birey yaşamından toplumsal yaşama etkilerini değerlendirmektir.
DESIGN ANALYSIS OF WOMEN'S ROYAL CLOTHING AND ACCESSORIES OF THE JOSEON PERIOD IN THE KOREAN CULTURE
Authors: ERKİN Sedef , ENES Öznur
Published: February 2022

Asya kültürleri arasında, genellikle Çin ve Japon kültürlerinin yanında gölgede kalan Kore kültürü oldukça renkli bir kültür anlayışına sahiptir. Günümüz popüler kültüründe de ilgi odağı olmaya başlayan Kore kültürü, köklü bir tarihsel
sürece sahiptir. Özellikle Kore Yarımadası, Joseon Dönemi’nde altın çağlarından birini yaşamıştır. Kore’nin geleneksel giysisi olan Hanbok zaman içinde değişime uğrasa da, günümüzde bilinen hali Joseon Dönemi’ne ait formudur. Geçmiş
dönemlerde pek çok medeniyette olduğu gibi Kore kültüründe de giyim kuşam önemli bir statü sembolüdür. Özellikle kraliyet giyim kuşamı estetik kaygıların yanı sıra statüye bağlı sembolik kodlardan oluşmaktadır. Böylece saray içinde
giysiyi giyen kişinin hangi mevkide olduğu kolayca tespit edilebilmektedir. Günlük giyimden, törensel giyime kadar pek çok hadise de çeşitli türlerde kostümler tercih edilmektedir. Bu da giyim kuşamın, estetik değerlerin ve ihtiyaçların
ötesinde bir kavram olarak kullanıldığını belirtir.
INTERSECTIONALITY: BACKGROUND, DEFINITION AND CRITICISM
Authors: ARDIÇ Aziz
Published: February 2022

İlk olarak 1989’da hukukçu Kimberle Williams Crenshaw tarafından tanımlanan kesişimsellik kavramı, hemen ardından bir sonraki yıl aynı isim tarafından yapısal, politik ve temsili kesişimsellik olarak üç farklı inceleme alanına ayrıştırılmıştır.
Ardından toplumsal kurumlar, özgürleşme hareketleri, kültürel pratikler ile birlikte farklılık kategorilerinin kendi arasındaki eşzamanlı ve karmaşık etkileşimi ve bu etkileşimin yarattığı sonuçları ifade ettiği düşünülen kesişimsellik
kavramına yöneltilen eleştiriler gelmiştir. Bu eleştiriler daha çok bu kavramın boşluklarını doldurmaya veya eksikliklerini tamamlamaya yöneliktir. İlk eleştiri Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza’ya ait kiyerarki kavramıyla birlikte
ele alınabilir. Baskı ve ayrımcılığa uğrayan kesişimsel kimliklerin deneyimlerini merkeze alarak şekillenen kesişimsellik kavramına karşın, kiyerarki kavramıyla birlikte imtiyazlar problemine ve tahakkümün kesişen yapılarına da
dikkat çekilebilmiştir. İkinci eleştiri incelenen kategorilerin belirsizliği, hangi kategorilerin kesişimsellik araştırmaları için en uygun ve önemli olduğu ve bu kategorilerin neye göre sınırlandırılması gerektiği gibi birçok
tartışma içerir. Kategoriler problemi olarak adlandırılan bu tartışmalarda, özellikle Judith Butler’ın toplumsal cinsiyet kategorisi üzerine getirdiği eleştiriler önemlidir.
AL-SİUTY AND BOOK ( AL-RAHMA FI-LTUB WAL-HIKMA) ATTRIBUTED TO HIM
Authors: KAZAN Tahsin , RASOOL Jawad Taha
Published: February 2022

طبع ونشر كتاب (الرحمة فى الطب والحكمة ) واشتهر بفوائده لكن اعتمد مؤلفه على الأحاديث الضعيفة والموضوعة مما أدى إلى مفسـداة كثيرة، اعتقادية أو بدنية، خصوصا من الناحية الطبية، والكتاب منسوب إلى السيوطي لكن ليس من مؤلفاته بل نسب إليه زورا
أو سهوا. اخترنا هذا الموضوع لنعرف حياة عالم كبير ومتق وهو جلال الدين السيوطي والدفاع عنه للردعلى نسبة كتاب (الرحمة فى الطب والحكمة) المملوء بالطلسمات والسحر إليه . وقد احتوت مقالتي اسمه ونسبه ودراسته وتدريسه واعتزاله ووفاته، ولمحة
عن كتاب "الرحمة فى الطب والحكمة " ، وقمت فى مقالتي بردِّ الذين يقولون بأن هذا الكتاب من مؤلفات السيوطى .
ASSESSING THE CONFLICT RESOLUTION ROLE OF REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WEST AFRICA: THE CASE OF ECOWAS IN LIBERIA.
Authors: ISSAKA Awali , GÖK Gonca OĞUZ
Published: February 2022

What are the causal factors that led to ECOWAS’s failure in its conflict resolution role in Liberia’s civil war during the 1990’s? The Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) is a regional organization established in early
1975. Although it was established with the aim of an economic development mission, but since 1990 it included conflict resolution agenda by creating The Economic Community of West African States Cease-fire Monitoring Group (ECOMOG).
In 1991, a year after its creation, ECOMOG intervened in Liberia to restore peace and security. It is assisted in its Liberian conflict resolution mission by other international organizations such as the United Nations (UN) and
the African Union (AU). So at the international level, the UN Security Council supported ECOWAS in Liberia with 386 observers and the AU played the role of facilitator for the organization of the presidential elections in 1997.
At the regional level, ECOWAS has a lack of common interest and identity because between its French-speaking and English-speaking member countries, there is a difference of opinion when making decisions for its intervention in
one of its member countries at war. Finally, at the domestic level, the lack of experience of ECOWAS leaders in the field of conflict resolution and its structural failures have not facilitated the task of ECOWAS in Liberia. This
article consists of three different parts that include, Analysis of the role of international organizations, the problem of common interest and identity and the lack of experience of ECOWAS leaders in the field of conflict resolution
and structural failures of the ECOWAS.
LIFES ADDICTED TO THE INTERNET: NEW ADDICTIONS WITH THE ADVENT OF THE INTERNET
Authors: Elif ÇAYCI Ayşegül , ÇAYCI Berk
Published: February 2022

İnternet’in gündelik yaşantılarımızın merkez noktasında yer alması ve mobil iletişim araçlarının yaygın biçimde kullanılmaya başlaması, dünyanın dört bir yanındaki popülasyonlar üzerinde birtakım olumsuz etkiler yaratmaktadır. İnternet,
sosyal medya ve akıllı telefon kullanımının farklı alanlarda birçok fayda sağlamasının, yaşam pratiklerini hızlı bir biçimde gerçekleştirmeyi sağlamasının yanı sıra; gerek fiziksel gerek psikolojik açıdan teknoloji kaynaklı sorunların
baş göstermesine de sebep olmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, aşırı İnternet ve sosyal medya platformlarının kullanımına bağlı ortaya çıkan kavramları ortaya koymaktır. Bu noktadan hareketle her şeyin aşırı kullanımında olduğu gibi,
İnternet, sosyal medya ve akıllı telefonun aşırı kullanımının devam etmesi halinde, zaman içerisinde tedavi gerektiren meşru bir klinik bozukluk halini almaktadır. Bilhassa gençlerin bu teknolojileri aşırı kullanması, gerçek hayattaki
ilişkiler yerine sanal ilişkilere yönelmelerine sebep olmaktadır. Teknoloji bağımlılığının bir neticesi olarak ortaya çıkan İnternet bağımlılığı, literatürde FoMO olarak yer alan gelişmeleri kaçırma korkusu, akıllı telefon bağımlılığı,
İnternetsiz kalma korkusu, akıllı telefonsuz kalma korkusu, online narsizm, siberhondrik, selfitis gibi yeni davranış bozukluklarının ortaya çıkmasına neden olmuştur. Bahsi geçen bu sorunların azaltılması için hem çevrimiçi hem
de bireyler ve toplumlar üzerindeki etkileri daha iyi anlamamız gerekmektedir.
ISRAEL'S HUMANITARIAN RIGHTS INTERVENTION; GAZA OPERATION AND INTERNATIONAL LAW
Authors: ÇİÇEK Fehmi , SEVÜK Mehmet Yaşar
Published: February 2022

Siyon kavramı Kudüs’ü ve Filistin’i, İsrail ve tüm Yahudi Halkı’nı adlandırmak amacıyla kullanılmıştır. Kendi politik çıkarları doğrultusunda topraklarını belirleyen ve bu topraklarda meşruiyetini sürdürmeyi hedefleyen İsrail; uluslararası
arenada tanınmaya oldukça büyük bir önem vermekte ve bu doğrultuda birçok siyasi adım atabilmektedir. Ancak bu siyasi adımları atarken İsrail iki ana maddeden ne olursa olsun taviz vermekten kaçınmamaktadır. Bu iki madde; Siyonizm
ve İsrail’in egemen devlet olarak tanınmasıdır. Bu şekilde kendi fiili üstünlüğünü ve hegemonyasını kabul ettirmeyi planlayan İsrail Devleti, Filistin Devleti’ni ortadan kaldırmayı ve etnik olarak da yok olmalarını sağlamayı planlamaktan
hiç çekinmemiştir. İsrail devletinin Gazze harekâtında ve sonrasında yürüttüğü politikaları ve motivasyonunu anlamak için dini inançlarına inmek gerekmektedir. Çalışmamızda İsrail devletinin dini motivasyonlarının uluslararası
hukuk değil dini ideolojisi olan Siyonizm’in olduğu ortaya konulacaktır.
Exercising woman’s basic power : a story reflection
Authors: Rima Rima , Suryani Suci
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to disclose the sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story, to observe the solidarity she received in going through the oppression, and to examine her personal basic power to release the oppression. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The method used is analyzing the source of data is in the form of the characters’ monolog, dialog, and author’s narration which are collected intensively in the short story. This study is based on the perspectives of bell hooks (1984) that elaborates sexist oppression, solidarity and personal basic power. The sexist oppressions experienced by the female protagonist in a story that is caused by the social value embedded in the patriarchy society that puts woman as the subordinate and Anita’s father is the male antagonist who shows domination over her. In the story, Anita’s husband is the male protagonist who gives his empathy to Anita to go through the oppression. The last result elaborates that solidarity obtained will support Anita to exercise her basic power. This is required to face the oppression and to release Anita from sexist oppression so that she will be able to put herself from margin to centre.
Translation of “and” by students of Mandarin Language Diploma : a translation evaluation
Authors: Prasetyowati Henggar , Syahputri Adilla Achmad , Isro Zuyinatul , Arieshanty Chendy
Published: February 2022

This study examined the technique and quality of the translation of the conjunctions “and” done by students in socio-cultural subjects. The researchers conducted observations on the translation of students of the Universitas Jenderal Soedirman (Unsoed) Chinese Language Diploma Program (D3) who enrolled in the socio-cultural translation course. The results of their translation were then analyzed in the sense of their techniques used and the quality of their translation. Moreover, questionnaires were distributed to get suggestions for improvements to the teaching system, especially translation. The results showed that the error was dominated by the ambiguity of meaning caused by the incorrect choice of conjunctions, while the technique used was not entirely correct. This happens due to the lack of student competence, especially in mastering words and contexts of the conjunctions used.
Is there Healing Power in Rage?
Authors: Koemeda-Lutz Margit
Published: February 2022

The question of what people need in order to change is still open to debate. The paper reviews evidence for when cognitive clarification and insight needs to be accompanied by emotional arousal, containment and / or expression and how motor activity facilitates experiential and / or behavioral change. A ficticious case is presented in order to illustrate different approaches for a first session. The paper reviews some neurobiological findings on the interactive modulation of unconscious and conscious levels of experiencing and behavior. A pilot study is reported in which the induction of hyperventilation and two bioenergetic exercises were examined with respect to their relative potency to facilitate psychosomatic change.
Bioenergetics and a Paradoxical View of Sexuality: how characterological development is related to current erotic life!
Authors: Guest Diana
Published: February 2022

Sexual health is one of the main priorities of Bioenergetic Analysis. This article explores and introduces a useful adjunct to bioenergetic therapy by blending a new paradigm of sexual erotic development with traditional characterological and bioenergetic perspectives. The author shares her discoveries regarding the relationship between core erotic themes and characterological issues.
Living On Purpose: Reality, Unreality and the Life of the Body
Authors: Baum Scott
Published: February 2022

This article is the author’s account of the experience of choosing to live the life of his body, even when that means entering a soulless truth of being. The forces which generate such a state are examined, as well as the dynamics which emerge from and maintain such a state of being. This paper attempts to provide a framework for understanding, in an immediate felt way, the experience of the person living in this reality, one common in people organized as a borderline personality. It also attempts to illuminate some of the grave difficulties faced by the therapist trying to work with people so afflicted.
Paradigms for Bioenergetic Analysis At the dawn of the 21st Century
Authors: Tonella Guy
Published: February 2022

First, basic Lowenian paradigms are first reviewed, followed by updated bioenergetic paradigms, integrating contemporary theoretical and clinical contributions, articulated around the concept of Self: – adaptive motility – sexual motility – motility of attachment Three methodologies are distinguished: – working on conflicts – working on deficits – working on traumas Therapeutic intersubjective relationship is distinguished from analytical relationship. A developmental model from these up-dated bioenergetic paradigms is proposed. Lastly, a sociological approach is outlined as development of bioenergetic technique in a perspective of a «shared world”.
So Which Body Is It?
Authors: Klopstech Angela
Published: February 2022

This paper addresses the issue of how the body is conceptualized in modern psychotherapy and, in consequence, how the conceptualizations inform treatment. The paper also addresses the question to which extent a coherent conceptualization of the body and its place in treatment is necessary (or counterproductive), and possible (or even desirable). The author argues for a multiple body perspective where required centering is provided by a selection process. A clinical illustration is also provided.
Improvement and Development of Educational Activities of the School in Working with Migrant Students
Authors: Rybakova Ekaterina Vladimirovna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to identify ways to improve the educational activities of the modern school, in which migrant schoolchildren are taught together with Russian students. The paper conducts a detailed analysis of the current state of school education that includes migrant students and identifies the main issues associated with the organisation of the educational process. Based on the data obtained, the key areas requiring development are identified and new ways of improving the organisation of the educational process in these areas are proposed. Scientific novelty lies in presenting new ways to improve the level of organisation of the educational process that includes migrant students both in the field of methodological support and in the sphere of workload distribution and the system of teachers’ remuneration. As a result of the study, the following solutions have been proposed as priority innovations: to develop a universal methodological handbook for schools on the optimal organisation of the educational process that includes migrant students; to create an all-Russian electronic school register to display academic paths of migrant schoolchildren; to prepare several sets of all-Russian bilingual electronic textbooks in all subjects of the school curriculum; for schools and universities to develop jointly electronic interactive courses in Russian as a Foreign Language, taking into account students’ age particularities; to create a system for assessing additional time spent by teachers on the adaptation of the educational process and a more rational redistribution of workload among pedagogical staff; to elaborate principles for calculating incentive allowances to reflect the high level of competence of teachers who work in classes where migrant students are taught together with Russian schoolchildren.
Graduate Students’ Self-Education Skill Development through the Organisation of Independent Work in the University E-Learning Environment in the Frame of the Discipline “Business Foreign Language in Professional Activity”
Authors: Shirokolobova Anastasia Georgievna , Larionova Julia Sergeevna
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the effectiveness of organising graduate students’ independent work in the university e-learning environment in the frame of an author’s e-learning course for the discipline “Business Foreign Language in Professional Activity” on the LMS Moodle platform to develop their self-education skill. The paper provides insight into the notion of “self-education skill”, which is a necessary competence in graduate students’ educational activity within the implementation of their independent work in the e-learning course for the discipline “Business Foreign Language in Professional Activity” on the LMS Moodle platform; describes the stages and organisation of graduate students’ independent work in the said e-learning course; identifies the levels of self-education skill formation among the students. Scientific novelty of the study lies in introducing new digital technologies into the educational process of higher education, i.e. the author’s e-learning course for the discipline “Business Foreign Language in Professional Activity” on the LMS Moodle platform and a Coursera massive open online course integrated into the author’s e-learning course for the implementation of graduate students’ effective independent work in order to form their self-education skill. The results of the study are as follows: the researchers have shed light on the notion of “self-education skill”, which is a key competence in the modern world; have created the author’s e-learning course for the discipline “Business Foreign Language in Professional Activity” on the LMS Moodle platform, within the frame of which graduate students’ independent work was implemented; have organised students’ independent work in the said e-learning course; have described the stages of graduate students’ independent work in the e-learning course.
Conditions of Educational Process Intensification
Authors: Iakupov Filaret Abdullovich
Published: February 2022

The paper aims to identify the conditions of intensification of educational process stages which allow increasing effectiveness, availability and reproducibility of intensive education. The author proposes to address the educational intensification process in the context of intensive realization of six main stages of educational process: learning goals setting, selection and structurization of educational content, operational and activity organization of education, implementation of stimulating and motivating aspect of educational process, the teacher’s control and management, evaluation of learning results. The scientific originality of the research lies in the fact that it uses the systemic approach to identify the interrelated conditions of intensification of the main educational process stages. As a result, the integral structure of educational process intensification which contains interrelated intensive stages and allows increasing effectiveness and reproducibility of education has been developed.
Features of Organising Educational Communication in the Setting of Using the Virtual Reality Technology
Authors: Zhigalova Olga Pavlovna
Published: February 2022

The study aims to determine the features of organising educational communication in the setting of using the virtual reality technology. The author identifies the key issues that a teacher may face in the process of organising students’ educational activities using the virtual reality technology. Scientific novelty lies in describing the components of educational communication in the setting of using the virtual reality technology. As a result, the features of organising the educational process using VR learning tools have been identified, the importance of educational communication has been substantiated, the conditions and features of its organisation have been determined.
Speech Competence as an Object of Mastery When Teaching Foreign-Language Written Dialogic Communication to Undergraduate Students (by the Example of the English Language)
Authors: Panchenko Yury Yurievich
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need to include speech competence as an object of mastery when teaching foreign-language written dialogic communication to undergraduate students (using the example of the English language). The paper examines the speech features of foreign-language written dialogic communication as one of the most common forms of communication in the modern digital era, as well as describes the main speech difficulties that students may face when conducting virtual correspondence in a foreign language (English). Accordingly, the speech skills that need to be developed in the process of teaching foreign language to undergraduate students are formulated. Scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it considers foreign-language written dialogic communication as a special type of written speech activity and consequently identifies speech competence as an object of mastery when teaching foreign-language virtual correspondence to undergraduate students. As a result, it has been proved that speech competence should be included as an object of mastery when teaching foreign-language written dialogic communication to undergraduate students.
Hesiod’s Theory of Economic History
Authors: Papanikos Gregory T.
Published: February 2022

In verses 109-201 of “Works and Days” Hesiod develops a narrative of the past as well as the current and future developments of the human race. In this paper, this description is interpreted as a theory of economic history. Actually, Hesiod puts forward four stages of economic history, calling them races (γένος). However, he inserts a race of heroes, which includes all those who fought in the battle of Troy and the Seven Against the Thebes. He also mentions another race which will come after the race that he himself was living. Even though in the relevant literature five Hesiodic races are mentioned, Hesiod made reference to six. Four in the past, one in the present and another one positioned in the future. Past, present and future is what history is all about and therefore an important part of economic history.
The Seemingly Preferred Cosmic Frame
Authors: Melia Fulvio
Published: February 2022

The Universe appears to have a `preferred' frame of reference, within whichthe cosmic microwave background is completely isotropic. Earth's motion throughthis relic radiation field is measurable, and some have viewed this type ofobservation as a possible contradiction of Einstein's principle of relativity.Several experiments have been proposed (and some have been carried out) to testfor violations of Lorentz invariance when transforming out of this backgroundframe, e.g., based on expected velocity differences in a Michelson-Morley typeof probe. But what exactly is this cosmic frame? Is it truly an absolute frameattached to the Universe, or is it an observer-dependent construction? Suchpossibilities represent very different Physics, of course. In this paper, wework through these issues carefully, without the introduction of unsubstantiatedassumptions. We show that the preferred frames originate through general (notspecial) relativity, and are indeed observer-dependent. Their existence doesnot at all conflict with Einstein's fundamental hypothesis of special relativity.
Teacher Self-Efficacy and Self-Reported Instructional Quality: A Multilevel Perspective on the Role of School Characteristics
Authors: Holzberger Doris , Prestele Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

In the present study, we investigated the associations between teacher self-efficacy with their self-reported instructional quality (i.e., cognitive activation and classroom management) from a multilevel perspective. We focus on the interplay between self-efficacy and school characteristics, namely collective efficacy, collaboration, instructional leadership, and participation. Austrian TALIS 2018 data from 4,255 teachers at 246 schools were analyzed. Multilevel analyses revealed that relationships between teacher self-efficacy and self-reported instructional quality can be found at the teacher and school levels. For self-reported cognitive activation, no context effects or cross-level interactions were found for school characteristics. With regard to classroom management, it makes a difference whether the same teacher is situated in a low- or a high-efficacy school (context effect). Also, non-systematic cross-level interactions were found for the relationship between self-efficacy and classroom management. The findings indicate the differential importance of addressing the school context when investigating teacher self-efficacy and instructional quality.
Stuck in a Moment: Overcoming the Confound of Means and Variability for Measuring Everyday Emotion Dynamics
Authors: Ringwald Whitney R. , Wright Aidan G.C.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Studying emotion dynamics in daily life is of central interest to many areas of psychology. However, substantive questions are hampered by a well-known empirical association between the mean and variance. Efforts to address this overlap in emotion dynamics has led to counterintuitive assertions, like neuroticism is not associated with variability in negative emotions. We tested whether shifting to using the median or mode of reported emotions for summarizing emotion patterns and studying their associations with other variables resolves problems with using the mean. Methods: We meta-analyzed 15 ecological momentary assessment (EMA) studies (N=2,088 participants;146,823 observations) to illustrate conceptual and statistical shortcomings of adjusting for the mean and to evaluate whether using the median or mode instead offers a better solution. Results: Results suggest that adjusting variability for the mean overcorrects for their association. We show the mode is less confounded with variability and remains associated with neuroticism over and above mean levels of negative emotion. Conclusion: Adjusting for the mode strengthens evidence for the role of emotion variability in neuroticism. Based on our results, we recommend using the mode instead of or in addition to the mean when measuring average levels of negative emotion in EMA studies.
Cognitive Bias in Medicolegal Judgments
Authors: Kukucka Jeff , Findley Keith A.
Published: February 2022

As humans, our perceptions and judgments are naturally colored by our beliefs, experiences, and desires. Consequently, two individuals with different mindsets or working in different contexts may interpret the same information in markedly different ways (i.e., cognitive bias), especially when that information is ambiguous. In forensic and medicolegal settings, cognitive bias can influence expert decision-making in ways that produce costly miscarriages of justice. In this chapter, we first review the sources of cognitive bias, including irrelevant contextual information, base rate expectations, stress, and allegiance. Then, we review research showing that cognitive bias can affect medical diagnoses of living individuals as well as postmortem manner-of-death judgments, and we discuss the reactions—both positive and negative—to these findings. Lastly, we describe best practices for mitigating the impact of cognitive bias and maximizing the value of medicolegal judgments.