bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal data integration for predicting progression risk in castration-resistant prostate cancer using deep learning: a multicenter retrospective study
Authors: Zhou Chuan , Zhang Yun-Feng , Guo Sheng , Huang Yu-Qian , Qiao Xiao-Ni , Wang Rong , Zhao Lian-Ping , Chang De-Hui , Zhao Li-Ming , Da Ming-Xu , Zhou Feng-Hai
Published: March 2024

Purpose

Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) often develop castration-resistant PCa (CRPC) with poor prognosis. Prognostic information obtained from multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and histopathology specimens can be effectively utilized through artificial intelligence (AI) techniques. The objective of this study is to construct an AI-based CRPC progress prediction model by integrating multimodal data.

Methods and materials

Data from 399 patients diagnosed with PCa at three medical centers between January 2018 and January 2021 were collected retrospectively. We delineated regions of interest (ROIs) from 3 MRI sequences viz, T2WI, DWI, and ADC and utilized a cropping tool to extract the largest section of each ROI. We selected representative pathological hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) slides for deep-learning model training. A joint combined model nomogram was constructed. ROC curves and calibration curves were plotted to assess the predictive performance and goodness of fit of the model. We generated decision curve analysis (DCA) curves and Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival curves to evaluate the clinical net benefit of the model and its association with progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

The AUC of the machine learning (ML) model was 0.755. The best deep learning (DL) model for radiomics and pathomics was the ResNet-50 model, with an AUC of 0.768 and 0.752, respectively. The nomogram graph showed that DL model contributed the most, and the AUC for the combined model was 0.86. The calibration curves and DCA indicate that the combined model had a good calibration ability and net clinical benefit. The KM curve indicated that the model integrating multimodal data can guide patient prognosis and management strategies.

Conclusion

The integration of multimodal data effectively improves the prediction of risk for the progression of PCa to CRPC.
Evaluation of hepatic functional reserve of hepatocellular carcinoma (≤ 5 cm) by liver shear wave velocity combined with multiple parameters
Authors: Yang Long , Zhu Haohui , Zhang Xijun , Fu Xiaobing , Zhao Xiaojuan , Wang Xiaojing , Ren Xiaozhuan , Yu Haibo , Yuan Jianjun
Published: March 2024

Background

Normal hepatic functional reserve is the key to avoiding liver failure after liver surgery. This study investigated the assessment of hepatic functional reserve using liver shear wave velocity (LSWV) combined with biochemical indicators, tumor volume, and portal vein diameter.

Methods

In this single-center prospective study, a total of 123 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were divided into a test group (n=92) and a validation group (n=31). All patients were Child-Pugh grade A. The indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15), liver shear wave velocity (LSWV), portal vein diameter (Dpv), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GGT), albumin (ALB), prothrombin time (PT), and also liver tumor volume (maximum diameter ≤5 cm) were measured. In the test group, multiple parameters were used to evaluate hepatic functional reserve, and the multiparametric model was established. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was conducted to assess the diagnostic performance of the multiparametric model. In the validation group, the predictive effectiveness of the multiparametric model was analyzed using consistency tests.

Results

It was revealed that LSWV, ALB, and PT were statistically significant in evaluation of the hepatic functional reserve (P<0.05). The multiparametric model was formulated as follows: Y= -18.954 + 9.726*LSWV-0.397*ALB+2.063*PT. The value of the area under the curve (AUC) for the multiparametric model was 0.913 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.835-0.962, P< 0.01), with a cutoff value of 16.656 (sensitivity, 0.763; specificity, 0.926). The Kappa value of consistency testing was 0.655 (P<0.01).

Conclusion

LSWV combined with ALB and PT exhibited a high predictive effectiveness for the assessment of hepatic functional reserve, assisting the clinical diagnosis and management of liver diseases.
Case report: Turcot syndrome type 2 in a developing country within the Caribbean
Authors: Daniel-Abdool Melissa , Griffith Brandon , Bartels Ute , Bodkyn Curt , Dindial Kevon
Published: March 2024

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor and has been linked to known cancer predisposition syndromes. We report a case of medulloblastoma of a 12-year-old Indo-Trinidadian female with a strong family history of colorectal carcinoma. In collaboration with the SickKids-Caribbean Initiative (SCI), her tumor was confirmed to be a WHO grade 4 medulloblastoma – Wnt subtype. Genetic testing further confirmed the presence of a pathogenic APC gene variant [c.3183_3187del (p.Gln1062*)] which led to a diagnosis of Turcot syndrome type 2. The index patient received multimodal therapy which included surgery, radiation and chemotherapy and is currently post end-of-treatment and in remission. This case report aims to highlight the complexity of diseases and the need for expertise in identifying them in low-and-middle income countries, the need for access to specialized testing and the benefits of collaborating between low-and-middle income and high-income countries when managing complex oncology patients.
Development of a rapid and highly sensitive nucleic acid-based diagnostic test for schistosomes, leveraging on identical multi-repeat sequences
Authors: Ally Ombeni , Kanoi Bernard N. , Kamath Shwetha , Shiluli Clement , Ndombi Eric M. , Odiere Maurice , Misinzo Gerald , Nyanjom Steven Ger , Kumar Chunduri Kiran , Ochola Lucy , Lolabattu Srinivasa Raju , Gitaka Jesse
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia), a neglected tropical disease caused by Schistosoma parasites, afflicts over 240 million people globally, disproportionately impacting Sub-Saharan Africa. Current diagnostic tests, despite their utility, suffer from limitations like low sensitivity. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) remain the most common and sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests. Still, the sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests is significantly affected by the copy number of amplification targets, resulting in underestimation of true Schistosoma infections, especially in low transmission settings. Additionally, lengthy qPCR run times pose challenges when dealing with large sample volumes and limited resources. In this study, the identical multi-repeat sequences (IMRS) were used as a novel approach to enhance the sensitivity of nucleic acid-based Bilharzia diagnosis.

Methods

To identify novel genomic repeat regions, we utilized the IMRS algorithm, with modifications to enable larger target region (100-200bp) identification instead of smaller sequences (18-30bp). These regions enabled customised primer-probe design to suit requirements for qPCR assay. To lower the qPCR amplification times, the assay was conducted using fast cycling condition. Regression analysis, and qPCR data visualization was conducted using Python programming.

Results

Using Schistosoma mansoni and S. haematobium, we found that IMRS-based qPCR, employing genus-specific primers and TaqMan probes, offers exceptional analytical sensitivity, detecting as little as a single genome copy per microliter within 36 minutes.

Discussion

The lowest concentration of DNA detected using IMRS-based PCR and qPCR represented tenfold improvement over conventional PCR. As part of further development, there is a need to compare IMRS-based qPCR against other qPCR methods for Schistosoma spp. Nonetheless, IMRS-based diagnostics promise a significant advancement in bilharzia diagnosis, particularly in low-transmission settings, potentially facilitating more effective control and treatment strategies.
Multisensory stimulation and its effect on breast milk volume production in mothers of premature infants
Authors: Cuya Carla Madeleine , Barriga Carlos , Graf Maria del Carmen , Cardeña Mirta , Borja María del Pilar , Condori Richard , Azocar Moises , Cuya Carlos
Published: March 2024

Introduction

In a significant number of NICUs, mothers are unable to provide enough maternal milk to feed their premature babies, so healthcare workers rely on human milk banks. Unfortunately, this service is not available in many countries, such as Peru, where premature infants receive formula. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of multisensory stimulation on mother's own milk production.

Methods

Participants in this study were postpartum mothers of preterm infants 27–37 weeks gestational age. The participants were assigned to three groups: (1) audiovisual stimulation (SAV) (n = 17), (2) audiovisual and olfactory stimulation (SAVO) (n = 17), and (3) control (n = 16). A questionnaire was used to collect demographic and obstetric data, including a record of mother's own milk volume.

Results

There was no significant difference between the SAV, SAVO and control groups regarding age, marital status, education level, occupation, number of children, mode of delivery, Apgar and birth weight. On the other hand, a significant difference was observed between the SAV and SAVO groups regarding the amount of milk produced, with higher production between the fourth and seventh day (Tukey p < 0.05). Similarly, milk volume was significantly greater in the SAVO group compared to the SAV and control groups (OR = 1.032, 95% CI = 1.0036–1.062, p < 0.027).

Conclusion

Multisensory stimulation in postpartum mothers of preterm infants caused an increase in the volume of mother's own milk production. However, more research is needed to explain the findings presented in this study.
Effectiveness of prophylactic antibacterial drugs for patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Hu Han-Shuo , Zhao Li-Mei , Li Yu , Liu Xiao-Dong
Published: March 2024

Background: Prophylactic antibacterial drugs are used for patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and independent studies have concluded that they can decrease the rate of infection, mortality, and rebleeding in these diseases. However, no comprehensive assessment of this effect has been reported in recent years and available data pertaining to the prognostic implications of diverse categories of antibiotic prophylaxis in individuals afflicted with cirrhosis are notably limited. The objective of this article is to assess the clinical effectiveness of prophylactic antibacterial drugs for patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods: Relevant randomized controlled studies and cohort studies which examined the value of prophylactic antibacterial drugs for patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding were retrieved via Cochrane Library, EMBASE, MedLine, and Web of Science. The search period was from database inception until 30 April 2023. Summing up the relevant data, the dichotomous variable was statistically analysed using the relative risk (RR) value and its 95% confidence interval (CI) and the continuous variable using the mean difference (MD) value and its 95% CI. All analyses were performed using Revman 5.4 software. The study has been registered on the PROSPERO website under registration number CRD42022343352.

Results: Twenty-six studies (18 RCTs and 8 cohort studies, including 13,670 participants) were included to evaluate the effect of antibacterial prophylaxis versus no antibacterial prophylaxis or placebo. Prophylactic antibiotics reduced mortality rates (RR 0.66, 95% CI 0.51–0.83), infection rates (RR 0.41, 95% CI 0.35–0.49), rebleeding rates (RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.31–0.56), and length of hospital stay (MD −5.29, 95% CI −7.53, −3.04). Subgroup analysis revealed that the prophylactic administration of quinolone antimicrobials demonstrated the most favorable efficacy, followed by cephalosporins. Both interventions were effective in averting infections frequently observed in patients with liver cirrhosis and upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Conclusion: Based on our investigation, the prophylactic antibacterial drugs confers noteworthy advantages in patients afflicted by liver cirrhosis with upper gastrointestinal bleeding. It has been associated with reductions in mortality, infection incidence, rebleeding occurrences, and the duration of hospitalization. Among prophylactic antibacterial options, quinolones emerged as the foremost choice, with cephalosporins ranking closely thereafter.

Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42022343352, identifier CRD42022343352.
In-depth LC-MS and in-vitro studies of a triterpenoid saponin capilliposide-A metabolism modulation in gut microbiota of mice
Authors: Zhao Huan , Hu Xueli , Guan Shenghong , Cai Jinhong , Li Xiaohan , Fang Jiaxi , Lin Bo , Zhu Wei , Tian Jingkui , Jin Juan , He Qiang , Zhang Xiaoyong
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Some herbal ingredients can reshape the composition of the gut microbiome as well as its metabolites. At the same time, the gut microbiota can also affect drug metabolism. A large number of studies have reported that saponins are biotransformed under the action of intestinal microorganisms to improve drug efficacy and bioavailability. Capilliposide A is a triterpenoid saponin, which is derived from Lysimachia capillipes Hemsl. CPS-A has anti-inflammatory pharmacological activity, but the substance basis in vivo is unknown at present, so studies on the interaction between intestinal microorganisms and CPS-A may clarify the pharmacodynamic substance basis of CPS-A.

Methods: This study established a colitis mouse model, collected sterile feces from normal mice and colitis mice, and incubated CPS-A with two different intestinal flora in vitro. Based on LC-MS, the metabolic process of CPS-A mediated by intestinal microbes and the intervention effect of CPS-A on intestinal microbiome derived metabolites were studied.

Results: The results of experiments indicate that intestinal microorganisms can mediate the biotransformation of CPS-A and metabolize it into corresponding deglycosylation products, thereby promoting its drug effect. Not only that, CPS-A can also promote metabolites such as Deoxycholic acid, Histamine, 3-Hydroxytridecanoic acid, and Indole-3-acetic acid in the intestinal microbiota of mice with colitis. This may result in anti-colitis effects. CPS-A mainly involved in metabolic pathways such as azathioprine and mercaptopurine, which may also have beneficial or adverse effects.

Discussion: This study on the interaction between CPS-A and microbiota provides a new idea for the study of traditional Chinese medicine with poor oral bioavailability. The regulatory effect of CPS-A on the metabolites of intestinal flora in colitis mice was also found. It laid a foundation for exploring the mechanism of action of saponins on colitis mice.
On the linkage of oil prices and oil uncertainty with US equities: a combination analysis based on the wavelet approach and quantile-on-quantile regression
Authors: Yousfi Mohamed , Bouzgarrou Houssam
Published: March 2024

This paper aims to investigate the dynamic and asymmetric linkage between crude oil, oil uncertainty, and the United States (US) equity markets across various horizons and tails using a combination of a time-frequency approach, Granger causality, and quantile-on-quantile regression from January 2020 to December 2022. The empirical results indicate that causal relationships and the dynamic co-movement between crude oil, oil implied volatility, and the Dow Jones industrial and transportation indices are confirmed across various frequencies through wavelet-based Granger causality and wavelet coherence. Then, the wavelet-based quantile-on-quantile regression shows that the relationship between oil, oil implied volatility, and both US equity markets is heterogeneous and asymmetric across short- and long-run horizons, in particular. The findings provide new insights into the sensitivity of US stock markets to oil shocks across various time frequencies and tails, offering several portfolio implications useful for heterogeneous investors and portfolio managers.
Clinical and physiological advances in sedentary behavior research
Authors: Heinonen Ilkka
Published: March 2024

Sedentary behavior, defined as sitting with low energy expenditure, has emerged as a modifiable risk factor that affects our physiology and health. Evidence for the detrimental effects of sedentary behavior/physical inactivity on health, however, stems largely from epidemiological studies, which cannot address causalities. Acute and short-term sedentary behavior reduction interventions have been performed; however, in these studies, sitting has often been replaced by formal physical activity options, such as exercise, and long-term studies in subjects with cardiometabolic risk factors are still relatively few. We have recently conducted a long-term randomized controlled trial (RCT) to reduce daily sitting, without formal exercise, in metabolic syndrome patients, and this mini-review presents these studies with physiological aspects. The findings indicate that sedentary behavior reduction can prevent the increase in levels of many cardiometabolic risk factors after 3 months, but more intense physical activity rather than only reducing daily sitting time may be needed to further reduce the risk factor levels. At 6-month time point reduced sitting reduced fasting insulin, while successfully reducing sitting and body fat had beneficial effects also on whole-body insulin sensitivity, but other effects were relatively minor. Reduced sitting did not improve maximal aerobic fitness after 6 months, but an increase in daily steps was positively associated with an increase in fitness. However, the more the participants replaced sitting with standing, the more their maximal aerobic fitness was reduced. Overall, although the analysis of the collected data is still ongoing, our RCT findings suggest that the physiological and health effects of reduced sitting are relatively minor and that physical activities such as taking more daily walking steps are needed, which would be more beneficial and time-efficient for improving human health.
Community case studies: an interpretative phenomenological analysis on sexual abuse in urban Chennai
Authors: Ganesan Niranjana , Gopalakrishnan Bhuvaneswari
Published: March 2024

This study attempts to explore the lived experiences of sexual abuse during COVID-19 in a big metropolitan city in India, with a special interest in understanding the contemporary problems faced by teenagers. Any Phenomenological enquiry begins with identifying and determining the suitability of the participants. In this case, the participants are teenage girls and boys, who have experienced one or other forms of sexual abuse during the COVID-19 pandemic. By restricting the act of sexual abuse that happened during a pandemic, this research brings attention to the medium (material), social conditions, and the role of the cultural world in the act of sexual abuse. It begins by distributing a questionnaire to 500 participants to identify the participants who had experienced one or other forms of sexual abuse during the aforementioned time. Secondly, brief interviews with the identified participants are conducted to record their lived experience of sexual abuse. Using this collected narrated experience as a reservoir for phenomenological reflection, this research aims to uncover moments of lived experience emphasizing spatial, corporeal, and temporal aspects as well as provide greater depth in understanding sexual abuse in the context of teenage lives. It helps to understand the different forms of sexual abuse experienced by teenagers as well as portrays how space plays a major role in the act. This article aims to highlight the role of the material world in the act as well as how the social, political, and cultural contexts are materialized in the act of sexual abuse. Also, this article analyses how the existing intervention mechanisms support the prevention of sexual abuse in different social settings as well as emphasizes the gaps in the intervention mechanisms apropos the chosen narrative data. To sum up, this study aims to create awareness, provides prevention mechanisms considering the role of the material world, and advocates for SDG 16 (Promote justice, peaceful and inclusive societies) and SDG 5 (Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls).
The Risk Screener Violence (RS-V): retrospective prediction of violent and aggressive incidents within the prison setting
Authors: Smeekens Marjam V. , De Vries Robbé Michiel , Popma Arne , Kempes Maaike M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Physical and verbal violence toward staff or other detained individuals is a reoccurring problem within correctional facilities. Screening for violence risk within the prison setting could provide a valuable first step in the prevention of institutional violence. The brief and compact Risk Screener Violence (RS-V) has shown to be an efficient new method for assessing concerns regarding post-release violent offending for incarcerated persons. This study aimed to find out whether the RS-V is also able to predict future violent and aggressive incidents during imprisonment.

Methods

The predictive validity of the RS-V for future violent and aggressive incidents during a follow-up time of 4 months within prison was analyzed, using a file-based design. Violent incidents toward staff and other inmates (physical violence and violent threats), other aggressive incidents (aggression toward objects and verbal disruptive behavior), and both categories combined, were included as outcome measures based on disciplinary reports.

Results

The RS-V showed medium to large predictive values for both violent and aggressive behavior during prison stay. In particular, good predictive values of the RS-V were found for violence toward prison staff.

Discussion

This study shows that, besides post-release violent recidivism, the RS-V is able to accurately predict future violent and aggressive incidents during prison stay. By correctly differentiating between low concern and high concern individuals, the RS-V aims to contribute to more personalized interventions and risk management and, subsequently, to improved prison safety. Future studies using prospective prison practice data are needed to further support the validity of the RS-V regarding institutional violence.
Differential predictors of expressed emotion toward individuals with schizophrenia between families and halfway houses
Authors: Ferentinos Panagiotis , Douki Stamatina , Kourkouni Eleni , Dragoumi Dimitra , Smyrnis Nikolaos , Douzenis Athanassios
Published: March 2024

Background

This study investigated patient- and caregiver-related predictors of expressed emotion (EE) toward individuals with schizophrenia in families and halfway houses and yet understudied differential effects across settings.

Methods

We included 40 individuals with schizophrenia living with their families (“outpatients”) and 40 “inpatients” in halfway houses and recorded the EE of 56 parents or 22 psychiatric nurses, respectively, through Five Minutes Speech Sample. Each outpatient was rated by one to two parents; each inpatient was rated by two to five nurses. As EE ratings had a multilevel structure, EE predictors were investigated in backward stepwise generalized linear mixed models using the “buildmer” R package. We first fitted models including either caregiver- or patient-related predictors in each setting and finally included both types of predictors. Setting-specific patient-related effects were investigated in interaction analyses. Adjustment for multiple tests identified the most robust associations.

Results

In multivariate models including either caregiver- or patient-related predictors, nurses’ higher age, shorter work experience and lower inpatients’ negative symptoms robustly predicted higher emotional overinvolvement (EOI). In the final models including both types of predictors, nurses robustly displayed lower EOI (i.e., reduced concern and disengagement) toward inpatients with higher negative symptoms. Several other features were nominally associated with criticism and EOI in each setting. However, no feature robustly predicted criticism in inpatients and criticism/EOI in outpatients after adjustment for multiple tests. In interaction analyses, higher negative symptoms differentially predicted lower EOI in nurses only.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest setting-specific pathogenetic pathways of EOI and might help customize psychoeducational interventions to staff in halfway houses.
The effect of yin yoga intervention on state and trait anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Somere Kristīne , Munkevics Maris , Krams Ronalds , Rača Gunta , Luoto Severi , Krams Indrikis
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Although some findings indicate that yoga can reduce stress and anxiety, many studies present mixed results. The potential of yoga interventions to alleviate anxiety, including the mechanisms and boundary conditions by which it does so, is an under-researched topic. Anxiety is often divided into “state anxiety” and “trait anxiety,” the former being a temporary reaction to stressful events, while the latter is a more stable personality feature that responds to adverse situations or perceived threats.

Materials and methods

This study investigates whether a yin yoga intervention delivered online reduces state anxiety immediately after each yoga session and whether the anxiety levels are significantly lower at the end of the 10-week yoga intervention than at the beginning of the study. We also predicted no effect of yin yoga intervention on trait anxiety. The study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic when participants (N = 48 Latvian women) experienced heightened anxiety levels.

Results

This study shows that a ten-week online yin yoga intervention significantly reduced state anxiety in the intervention group compared with the control group. State anxiety levels also significantly decreased after each yin yoga session, providing more support for the anxiety-reducing effect of yin yoga. In contrast, yoga participation did not cause differences in trait anxiety between the control and intervention groups, even though trait anxiety decreased in the intervention group and increased in the control group over the study period.

Conclusion

The positive effects of yin yoga on state anxiety indicate the potential of yin yoga intervention as a first-line treatment to control and reduce state anxiety, with possible additional effects on trait anxiety.
Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the sunlight exposure questionnaire
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Wang Qin , Li Zhe , Chen Mengjie , Guo Maoting , Kong Laixi , Chen Liyuan , Li Xiaolong , Li Junjun , Cao Qieyan , Luo Zhenhua , Xiong Zhenzhen , Zhao Dan
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study aimed to translate and validate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Philippines Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire.

Methods

A total of 392 Chinese individuals aged at least 18 years, residing in various cities in Sichuan province for at least 1 year, were recruited. The reliability of the Chinese version of the questionnaire was measured through internal consistency, split-half reliability, and retest reliability, while validity was determined using the content validity index and the structure validity index.

Results

The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire, which includes 19 items covering 5 factors, demonstrated McDonald’s omega coefficient of 0.788. The split-half reliability of the questionnaire was 0.823, and the retest reliability was 0.940. The content validity index (S-CVI) was 0.952. The five-factor structure, supported by eigenvalues, explained 66.2% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated favorable model fit.

Results

The chi-square value degrees of freedom ratio (χ2/df) = 1.852, the goodness-of-fit index (GFI) = 0.938, the normed fit index (NFI) = 0.922, the incremental fit index (IFI) = 0.962, the comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.962, the Tucker–Lewis index (TLI) = 0.952, and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.047. The indicators of the fit of the model were within reasonable bounds.

Conclusion

The Chinese version of the Sunlight Exposure Questionnaire shows validity and good reliability for assessing sun exposure among adults in a Chinese cultural context.
Home-based vs center-based exercise on patient-reported and performance-based outcomes for knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Yuan , Huang Lu , Tian Lv , Yi Jiang , Gao Min , Wang Xiao-Qi , Jiang Jun-Jie , Liu Zhong-Liang
Published: March 2024

Background

Home-based exercise (HBE) represents an alternative to increase the accessibility of rehabilitation programs and relieve the burden on the health care system for people with knee osteoarthritis.

Objectives

To summarize for the first time the effectiveness of HBE as compared to center-based exercise (CBE), both with and without HBE, on patient-reported and performance-based outcomes in people with KOA.

Methods

Searches were conducted on PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus until March 10, 2023, without date or language restrictions. Randomized controlled trials investigating HBE versus CBE or HBE combined with CBE for people with KOA were eligible. The primary outcomes were patient-reported: pain, physical disability, and quality of life. The secondary outcomes were performance-based: walking ability, lower limb muscle strength, and balance function. Risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and quality of evidence according to the GRADE.

Results

Eleven trials involving 956 participants were included. There was no difference in short-term pain (SMD, 0.22 [95% CI, −0.04 to 0.47], p = 0.09; I2 = 0%), physical disability (SMD, 0.17 [95% CI, −0.19 to 0.54], p = 0.35; I2 = 0%), walking ability (SMD, −0.21 [95% CI, −0.64 to 0.22], p = 0.33; I2 = 35%) and lower limb muscle strength (SMD, −0.24 [95% CI, −0.88 to 0.41], p = 0.47; I2 = 69%) between HBE and CBE. HBE combined with CBE has better benefits compared with HBE alone in short-term pain (SMD, 0.89 [95% CI, 0.60 to 1.17], p < 0.001; I2 = 11%) and physical disability (SMD, 0.25 [95% CI, 0.00 to 0.50], p = 0.05; I2 = 0%).

Conclusion

Based on limited evidence, HBE is as effective as CBE on short-term pain, physical disability, walking ability, and lower limb muscle strength in people with knee osteoarthritis. Furthermore, combining HBE with CBE may enhance the overall efficacy of the intervention.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO, CRD42023416548.
A MAGDM approach for evaluating the impact of artificial intelligence on education using 2-tuple linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets and Schweizer-Sklar weighted power average operator
Authors: Mahboob Abid , Ullah Zafar , Ovais Ali , Rasheed Muhammad Waheed , Edalatpanah S. A. , Yasin Kainat
Published: March 2024

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in education can be viewed as a multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problem, in which several stakeholders evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of AI applications in educational settings according to distinct preferences and criteria. A MAGDM framework can assist in providing transparent and logical recommendations for implementing AI in education by methodically analyzing the trade-offs and conflicts among many components, including ethical, social, pedagogical, and technical concerns. A novel development in fuzzy set theory is the 2-tuple linguistic q-rung orthopair fuzzy set (2TLq-ROFS), which is not only a generalized form but also can integrate decision-makers quantitative evaluation ideas and qualitative evaluation information. The 2TLq-ROF Schweizer-Sklar weighted power average operator (2TLq-ROFSSWPA) and the 2TLq-ROF Schweizer-Sklar weighted power geometric (2TLq-ROFSSWPG) operator are two of the aggregation operators we create in this article. We also investigate some of the unique instances and features of the proposed operators. Next, a new Entropy model is built based on 2TLq-ROFS, which may exploit the preferences of the decision-makers to obtain the ideal objective weights for attributes. Next, we extend the VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) technique to the 2TLq-ROF version, which provides decision-makers with a greater space to represent their decisions, while also accounting for the uncertainty inherent in human cognition. Finally, a case study of how artificial intelligence has impacted education is given to show the applicability and value of the established methodology. A comparative study is carried out to examine the benefits and improvements of the developed approach.
One for all and all for one: a review on the commonality of risk to honeybees and wild pollinators and the benefits of beekeepers in conservation
Authors: Oddie Melissa A. Y. , Dahle Bjørn
Published: March 2024

Pollinator declines across the globe are centrally driven by a synergistic interaction between intensive land use, pesticides, and climate change. Competition between managed and wild pollinators has been a growing topic of research, however the ensuing social conflict builds antagonism between beekeepers and conservationists, two parties that have an interest in protecting natural diversity for pollinators. The threats perpetuating this potential for competition are as real for managed bees as wild species and uniting both groups, wherever possible, can create long lasting and meaningful change in current agricultural practices. This review examines the most recent literature on pollinator competition and the common threats that drive it. It also delves into the social elements of beekeeping and examines the potential for beekeepers to contribute to the protection of natural habitats. Beekeepers have a genuine interest to preserve natural space and with their charismatic species, dutiful observations, and innovative techniques, they can be valuable assets in filling knowledge gaps and generating public interest. Pollinator strategies in the future should include beekeepers as key stakeholders if their impacts are to be improved.
Differentially expressed microRNAs in aneuploid preimplantation blastocysts: a systematic review
Authors: Almutlaq Arwa , Viñals Gonzalez Xavier , SenGupta Sioban
Published: March 2024

Introduction

MicroRNAs are small noncoding genes with gene expression regulatory function. Their emergence as potential diagnostic biomarker for many diseases has gained a specific interest among researchers. Observations of changes in miRNA levels correlating with aneuploidy in early embryos raise the prospective of employing miRNA as biomarkers to assess the embryo quality.

Method

To identify and gather the miRNAs with potential link to chromosomal abnormalities in embryos from previous research, we conducted a systematic search using four databases, including Embase, Medline, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases in accordance with PRISMA guidelines.

Results

Out of 200 identified records, only seven met the inclusion criteria. Seven miRNAs: miR-19b, miR-517c, miR-518e, miR-522, miR-92a, and miR-106a exhibited persistent downregulation in aneuploid blastocysts in the included studies. These miRNAs are members of important miRNA clusters, associated with abnormal expression in studies on reproductive failure. Pathway analysis revealed their involvement in regulating gene transcription, as well as cell cycle progression and apoptosis.

Discussion

The changes detected in the miRNA expression in aneuploid embryos across different studies support the aneuploidy and miRNA relationship and prospect miRNA as a valuable tool for the assessment of embryo quality. Collectively, these observations highlight the role of miRNAs in embryonic development, and their involvement in genetic abnormalities that occur in embryos, such as aneuploidy, indicating their potential implementation to improve the embryo selection and reproductive outcomes.
Case Report: Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder as a serious complication of vascularized composite allotransplantation
Authors: Zaccardelli Alessandra , Lucas Fabienne M. , LaCasce Ann S. , Chandraker Anil K. , Azzi Jamil R. , Talbot Simon G.
Published: March 2024

Vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) is an emerging field in transplant surgery. Despite overall positive outcomes, VCA confers risk for multiple complications related to the procedure and subsequent immunosuppression. Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) is a heterogeneous group of lymphoproliferative disorders occurring after solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A patient with PTLD after bilateral upper extremity transplantation is presented as well as a review of all known cases of PTLD after VCA, with a focus on the unique epidemiology, presentation, and treatment in this population.
What Cliffs Near America’s Earliest Settlements Tell Us About Climate Change
Authors: Dowsett Harry , Robinson Marci
Published: March 2024

Scientists learn about Earth’s future climate by looking at geological records from the past. About 3 million years ago, most of the east coast of the United States was under water. Sediments collected on the ocean floor show that the ocean environment was warmer and supported more species back then. Some of these sediments are now exposed above water as cliffs along the James River near colonial Jamestown in southeastern Virginia. Tiny fossils and other evidence in these sediments, which we call the Yorktown Formation, show us how the environment and ecosystems were affected by global warming in the past, and they hold many clues as to what Earth may look like in the future.
Case Report: Pediatric alloplastic nose reconstruction with a 3D printed patient specific titanium implant
Authors: Ureel Matthias , Dadjam Daniel , Dhooghe Nicolas , De Jong Maarten , Coopman Renaat
Published: March 2024

An 11-year-old girl presented at the emergency service with a nasal defect caused by a dog bite in the midface. Autologous nose reconstruction in the pediatric population is challenging due to donor site morbidity and remaining facial growth. Temporary prosthetic treatment is difficult to accept due to problems with retention. We present an innovative solution using a 3D printed patient specific titanium implant for support of a nasal prosthesis. With preoperative 3-dimensional planning, the implant can be designed to find fixation in the areas with the best bone quality, avoid potential damage to tooth buds and dental roots and avoid interference to soft tissues such as the nasal septum. Clear communication between the anaplastologist, surgeon and medical engineer is crucial for treatment success. The impact of facial growth is still unclear and will have to be assessed.
Decoding chikungunya virus non-structural protein 3 interacting partners in THP-1 derived infected macrophages through proteomic profiling
Authors: Srivastava Priyanshu , Mishra Nimisha , Chaudhary Sakshi , Sunil Sujatha
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitoes, has instigated several epidemics in recent years, sparking intensive efforts to understand its biology. Despite progress, the understanding of CHIKV’s molecular interactions with host cell constituents, especially in susceptible cells such as macrophages remains limited.

Methods

We used a mass spectrometry platform to characterize the interactions between CHIKV-nsP3, a viral nonstructural protein, and proteins in human THP-1 macrophage cells.

Results and Discussion

Our findings revealed 196 high-confidence interactions primarily involving nsP3. Further, the sub-cellular localization, and pathways these interacting proteins might be involved in were deduced using computational methods. The interacting partners were further incorporated into a comprehensive host-virus interaction network derived from extensive literature on alphavirus-host interactions. Collectively, this study offers the first interaction map between CHIKV nsP3 protein and THP-1 cells, illuminating new probable roles of host cell proteins in CHIKV’s replication cycle.
Physicians’ perspectives and practice in atopic dermatitis management: a cross-sectional online survey in Japan
Authors: Kaneko Sakae , Nakahara Takeshi , Murota Hiroyuki , Tanaka Akio , Kataoka Yoko , Kakamu Takeyasu , Kanoh Hiroyuki , Watanabe Yuko , Katoh Norito
Published: March 2024

Data on the problems physicians face when providing care for atopic dermatitis (AD) is limited. To understand the current status of AD management in Japan and identify the difficulties physicians are having and their support requirements, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted using the AD task force of the Japanese Society for Cutaneous Immunology and Allergy. Society members were sent an online questionnaire on demographic information, daily clinical practice, and perceptions of AD management. Using responses to 17 items listed as barriers to the treatment of atopic dermatitis (Question 12) and questions about the treatment difficulty of those items, 284 respondents were divided into three groups using unstratified cluster analysis. These three groups were classified as high-difficulty, medium-difficulty, and low-difficulty groups, and the relationship between physicians’ cognition and daily practice was examined for each group. There were no significant differences in affiliations or specializations among the three clusters. The low-difficulty group had a significantly higher proportion of participants believing that it was possible to achieve long-term remission, satisfaction, and motivation in AD management while carrying out precise assessments of skin lesions as part of their daily practice. Some physicians experience problems in their practice. This results indicate that AD management can be improved if satisfaction and motivation can be increased by providing appropriate support.
Non-antigen-specific Immunoadsorption Is a Risk Factor for Severe Postoperative Infections in ABO-Incompatible Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Matuschik Laura , Seifert Gabriel , Lammich Katrin , Holzner Philipp , Tanriver Yakup , Fichtner-Feigl Stefan , Walz Gerd , Schneider Johanna , Jänigen Bernd
Published: March 2024

ABO-incompatible (ABOi) living kidney transplantation (KTx) is an established procedure to address the demand for kidney transplants with outcomes comparable to ABO-compatible KTx. Desensitization involves the use of immunoadsorption (IA) to eliminate preformed antibodies against the allograft. This monocentric retrospective study compares single-use antigen-selective Glycosorb® ABO columns to reusable non-antigen-specific Immunosorba® immunoglobulin adsorption columns regarding postoperative infectious complications and outcome. It includes all 138 ABOi KTx performed at Freiburg Transplant Center from 2004–2020. We compare 81 patients desensitized using antigen-specific columns (sIA) to 57 patients who received IA using non-antigen-specific columns (nsIA). We describe distribution of infections, mortality and allograft survival in both groups and use Cox proportional hazards regression to test for the association of IA type with severe infections. Desensitization with nsIA tripled the risk of severe postoperative infections (adjusted HR 3.08, 95% CI: 1.3–8.1) compared to sIA. nsIA was associated with significantly more recurring (21.4% vs. 6.2%) and severe infections (28.6% vs. 8.6%), mostly in the form of urosepsis. A significantly higher proportion of patients with sIA suffered from allograft rejection (29.6% vs. 14.0%). However, allograft survival was comparable. nsIA is associated with a two-fold risk of developing a severe postoperative infection after ABOi KTx.
Gene Expression of GABAA Receptor Subunits and Association with Patient Survival in Glioma
Authors: Badalotti Rafael , Dalmolin Matheus , Malafaia Osvaldo , Ribas Filho Jurandir M. , Roesler Rafael , Fernandes Marcelo A. C. , Isolan Gustavo R.
Published: March 2024

Rapid neuronal inhibition in the brain is mediated by γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) activation of GABAA receptors. The GABRA5 gene, which encodes the α5 subunit of the GABAA receptor, has been implicated in an aggressive subgroup of medulloblastoma (MB), a type of pediatric brain tumor. However, the possible role of GABAA receptor subunits in glioma remains poorly understood. Here, we examined the expression of genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits in different types of glioma, and its possible association with patient prognosis assessed by overall survival (OS). Data were obtained from the French and The Cancer Genome Atlas Brain Lower Grade Glioma (TCGA-LGG) datasets and analyzed for expression of GABAA receptor subunit genes. OS was calculated using the Kaplan–Meier estimate. We found that genes GABRA2, GABRA3, GABRB3, GABRG1, and GABRG2 showed a significant association with OS, with higher gene expression indicating better prognosis. In patients with GBM, high expression of GABRA2 was associated with shorter OS, whereas, in contrast, higher levels of GABRB3 were associated with better prognosis indicated by longer OS. In patients with lower grade gliomas, GABRA3, GABRB3, GABRG1, and GABRG2, were associated with longer OS. High GABRB3 expression was related to longer survival when low grade glioma types were analyzed separately. Our results suggest an overall association between higher expression of most genes encoding GABAA receptor subunits and better prognosis in different types of glioma. Our findings support the possibility that down-regulation of GABAA receptors in glioma contributes to promoting tumor progression by reducing negative inhibition. These findings might contribute to further evaluation of GABAA receptors as a therapeutic target in glioma.
Intraoperative Techniques That Define the Mucosal Margins of Oral Cancer In-Vivo: A Systematic Review
Authors: de Koning Klijs J. , Adriaansens Carleen M. E. M. , Noorlag Rob , de Bree Remco , van Es Robert J. J.
Published: March 2024

Background: This systematic review investigates techniques for determining adequate mucosal margins during the resection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The primary treatment involves surgical removal with ≥5 mm margins, highlighting the importance of accurate differentiation between SCC and dysplasia during surgery. Methods: A comprehensive Embase and PubMed literature search was performed. Studies underwent quality assessment using QUADAS-2. Results: After the full-text screening and exclusion of studies exhibiting high bias, eight studies were included, focusing on three margin visualization techniques: autofluorescence, iodine staining, and narrow-band imaging (NBI). Negative predictive value (NPV) was calculable across the studies, though reference standards varied. Results indicated NPVs for autofluorescence, iodine, and NBI ranging from 61% to 100%, 92% to 99%, and 86% to 100%, respectively. Autofluorescence did not significantly enhance margins compared to white light-guided surgery, while iodine staining demonstrated improvement for mild or moderate dysplasia. NBI lacked comparison with a white light-guided surgery cohort. Conclusions: We recommend studying and comparing the diagnostic accuracy of iodine staining and NBI in larger cohorts of patients with oral SCC, focusing on discriminating between SCC and (severe) dysplasia. Furthermore, we advise reporting the diagnostic accuracy alongside the treatment effects to improve the assessment of these techniques.
Coatings 2023 Early Career Investigator Award: Announcement and Interview with the Winner
Authors: Coatings Editorial Office Coatings Editorial Office
Published: March 2024

What is your current research and why did you choose this research field [...]