bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discussion on the Car-t therapy’s benefits and side effects by using and analyzing the Therapeutic application of Carvykti in multiple myeloma (MM)
Authors: Luan Sulin
Published: March 2023

MM, multiple myeloma the cancer of bone is becoming a serious medical problem that more than a hundred thousand people suffer from it nowadays. Recently, it surpassed leukemia and become the top 2 blood system cancer in America. In the US, the lifetime risk of getting multiple myeloma is 1 in 132. And until now, there haven’t a proven way to cure this disease completely. In common treatment, corticosteroid drugs and the medicines like Dexamethasone Selinexor and Bortezomib that we use to treat this disease are only proven to control the process of the MM and decrease the pain of the patients. Expect using these drugs or the combination of drugs to interfere with the development of the MM we also have the stem cell transplantation treatment to control the patient’s conditions. Of course, there is a common treatment for most cancer is chemotherapy but as we all know this treatment usually has serious side effects. Under such a circumstance, Legend Biotech developed Carvykti, the drug which uses Car-t therapy for treating patients who cannot be cured or even won’t going better by using the common therapy. The paper reviews this kind of drug by using its data according to the results of the clinical trials and the FDA reports. Then the paper compares it to the common therapy to overview car-t therapy’s possible advantages and disadvantages directly and than try to provide another version to optimize the Car-t therapy in curing MM. This paper also summarizes car-t therapy’s development. At last, according to these results to review some possible optimization for car-t therapy.
Preventing and Treating HIV in Light of COVID-19
Authors: Du Ruicong , Li Yanjia
Published: March 2023

The global population as a whole has been hit hard by the COVID-19 epidemic, which has infected 600 million people and caused 6.5 million deaths. The risk of contracting or experiencing severe effects from COVID-19 may be the higher in people with preexisting medical conditions. Despite the apparent hazards of getting sick from or losing loved ones to those infected with HIV, people living with HIV, especially homosexual males and MSM, are affected in unique ways that will endure even after the COVID-19 crisis subsides. Treatment and prevention for HIV/AIDS and their results. Using a comprehensive framework, this paper analyzes how COVID-19 has affected HIV patients, attempts to clarify the differences and parallels between COVID-19 and the HIV pandemic, and concludes with recommendations for future actions that policymakers and healthcare providers should take, so that to provide more theoretical basis for the prevention and control of COVID-19 and AIDS, especially MSM patients.
The Role of Tau Protein on Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Su Yuening
Published: March 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is currently a major global health issue that could induce several cognitive and mental problems in early-stage patients, and dementia in varying degrees, even death, in middle and late-stage patients. The formation of beta-amyloid (A-beta) plaque in neurons and the pathological accumulation of tau protein are the two well-known ideas that explain the process of AD. This essay has concluded some research achievements in the past decade, including some important mechanisms (regarding some specific molecules like APOE4 and PyK2) of tau pathologies in AD, several influences on animal and cell models, as well as methods for detection of neuronal tau accumulation in physical and biological fields. The possible therapies with mirodenafil and melatonin were also introduced. In the future, the creation and combination of more new technology, such as real-time monitoring and imaging technology, as well as the clinical discovery of new effects of some drugs on AD patients would help the research and remedies of AD make a progress.
CAR T-Cell Therapy: Current Progress, Challenges and potential Strategies
Authors: Chen Haiying , Han Yu , Liu Kaiming
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the unexpected development of immune system resistance in cancer cells has initiated development for new drug therapies that combat resistant cancer cells. One important issue is the mutation of antigens, which are able to help the cancer cells avoid immune system detection. As a result, the development of effective new therapies free from these problems is still a heavy focus in the medical community. Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-cells therapy is a new potential treatment that uses the infusion of genetically engineered immune system T-cells to recognize specific threats with the help of artificial T-cell receptors. Through extracting and engineering the blood sample of patients, foreign pathogens and cancer cells that aren’t yet able to be identified by the immune system can be recognized and detected by the CAR T-cells. This review paper aims to examine CAR T-cell treatments against ALL, focusing on the target antigens used in CAR design, variations in CAR generations, clinical trials and FDA approvals for CAR T-cells, obstacles in CAR T-cell treatments, and the best ways to overcome them.
Epidemiological characteristics and diagnostic methods of 2022 monkeypox outbreak
Authors: Meng Jun
Published: March 2023

Since the outbreak of the monkeypox epidemic in May 2022, cases of monkeypox have occurred in various regions of the world, and the spread of the disease has gradually shifted from endemic to non-endemic areas, posing a major threat to public health and safety. In order to better understand and effectively manage the monkeypox epidemic, this paper will summarise the epidemiological situation of monkeypox through the use of the database PubMed/ Medline and further summarise the statistics from the WHO and CDC website.
Cartilage Regeneration Induced by HIF-1α Through Different Pathways
Authors: Shao Yihong
Published: March 2023

In practical practice, cartilage damage is a prevalent medical issue. Conventional cartilage replacement techniques do not meet the objectives of comfort medicine due to the limitations of invasive surgery, specific longevity, possible rejection, etc. Previous researches have revealed that HIF-1α is known as a crucial chondrogenic regulatory factor and elevated levels of HIF-1α seems to have been essential in angiogenic remodelling, erythropoiesis and cell proliferation. This paper reviews the definition of HIF-1α and the factors that influence it, and elaborates four mechanisms of HIF-1α-induced cartilage regeneration in the molecular level: modulating transcriptional genes such as VEGF, adapting the cell adhesion pathway of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, intervening Protein Serine Kinase signaling pathway and HIF1α/FAK signaling pathway, which offers new ideas for inducing cartilage regeneration at the molecular level. HIF-1α-induced neovascularisation provides a rich blood supply to areas of cartilage that are deprived of blood supply and promotes the repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage. Consequently, more research on HIF-1α activation for cartilage regeneration may provide further perspectives into the treatment of clinical cartilage defects.
EGFR: an Overview and Mutation on Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhang Lede
Published: March 2023

Cancer is a popular and well-known disease all over the world. It is a genetic disease that mutations occur on patients’ genome and cause cells to proliferate uncontrollably and start to invade surrounding tissues which is not commonly seen on normal cells and tissues. It is a common cause of death in the world.  In 2020, the number of people died because of cancer is 10 million. Among these deaths, lung cancer account for 2.21 million cases which is the second largest group of all cancer types. Among all lung cancer types, non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) constitutes around 80 percent lung cancer. EGFR is a gene that mutation on it is often found within the genome of NSCLC patients. According to a report, 30466 patients among 115815 NSCLC patients are found to have EGFR mutation in order to provide suggestion for patients with mutation on EGFR to have a better therapeutic effect, learning the function of a gene and its impact on metastasis is necessary. This review intended to give an overview on the EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) which mutation on it is often seen on lung Cancer.
Research progress in the brain area responsible for depression
Authors: Du Xuenan
Published: March 2023

Depression is one of the main types of affective disorders, which is extremely harmful to the physical and mental health of patients. The typical clinical symptoms of depression include decreased volitional activity, retardation of thinking, low spirits, and cognitive impairment. The pathogenesis of depression is very complex, including multiple factors such as biological, psychological and environmental factors. Researchers at home and abroad have carried out research on depression in many fields. In neuroscience, it has been concluded that the dysfunction of the frontal lobe, hippocampus, temporal lobe, striatum, amygdala and other brain of patients with depression can contribute to depression. Besides, the abnormal connections between these brain regions may also result in depression. Herein, we mainly introduced the current research of the above-mentioned responsible brain regions and related neural circuits for depression, and further summarized the current knowledge about the diagnosis and treatment of depression. Finally, we briefly discussed the feasibility of using rodents as animal models to explore depression.
Three Possible Pathophysiologic Mechanisms for the Formation of Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Liu Hongli
Published: March 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), is a childhood neurodevelopment psychiatric disease formed by strong genetic factors. Normally, communication and social interaction deficits, and repetitive stereotype behaviors are the most common symptoms caused by ASD. Until now, although several treatments, such as depressive inhibitors, antipsychotic drugs, and psychotherapy, have been used to fight against ASD, however, the mechanism of the formation of ASD is still unclear. Previously, since the channels and regulatory factors of ASD are partly discovered, these treatments can only alleviate some of the ASD symptoms, but do not eradicate the psychiatric disease due to the consideration of drug side effects. Therefore, it is necessary to discover new treatment methods by making thorough inquiries on different pathophysiologic mechanism-passageways that contribute to ASD. Many factors might determine the formation of ASD, but only three types of theories, focusing on neuron signal transportation, glutamine receptors, and neuron immune system, are considered to be the most promising ASD-mechanism directions. Through collecting and analyzing relevant cell functions and structures, this article mainly explains the causes of ASD core or partial symptoms by pointing out three promising pathophysiologic ASD mechanisms at the cellular level, and analyses the reasons for the changes in the functions and structures of some related cells at the molecular level.
The Implementation of Telemedicine in China: Difficulties and Future Directions
Authors: Zhang Xiaohan
Published: March 2023

Telemedicine is a digital communication technology that makes the delivery of healthcare more efficient even in remote settings. This paper chronicles the implementation of telemedicine in China, describes the Chinese government’s current policies and practices in promoting the adoption of telemedicine, and explores the importance of telemedicine in responding to public health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. Difficulties to implement telemedicine and underlying factors are interpreted, such as pricing dilemma, payment obstacles, the lack of social acceptance, and the lack of information integrity on a national level. Although these obstacles have constrained the widespread implementation of telemedicine in China, its current application attests to its efficacy and potential. To further promote and ensure the adoption of telemedicine, the Chinese government should streamline its administration in medical procedures, design comprehensive business strategies according to the country’s medical insurance policies, and construct reliable information system. Meanwhile, the Chinese government could adopt adaptative approaches, combining cutting-edge medical technology with traditional Chinese medicine to expand public acceptance.
Comparative Analysis of Risk Communication during COVID-19 Spread Period in Two Nations: China and Australia
Authors: Chen Yang
Published: March 2023

Risk communcation strategies during the spread period of COVID-19 outbreak could have huge impacts on the development and transmission of pandemic. A proper strategy of risk communication could effectively reduce the adverse outcomes of the disease and lead to a nationwide recovery. In this study, the risk communication strategies adapted by two nations: China and Australia is investigated and concentrated on the January 2020 to July 2020, when the transmission of the disease was in an exponential ascending trend. The result of this study suggested that risk communication requires decent preparedness to be effective, and many lessons could be learnt from the reaction of both countries for further improvements.
The Categories, Mechanisms and Features of Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors of HIV-1
Authors: Liu Xingjian
Published: March 2023

AIDS, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome is a dangerous disease of our age, and is mainly caused by HIV-1. In the last decades, researchers have paid attention to the inhibitors of reverse transcriptase (RT) of HIV-1 as a promising candidate for antiviral drugs. The reverse transcriptase (RT) is a crucial enzyme in the life cycle of HIV-1, responsible for the conversion of viral RNA to proviral DNA which will be later integrated with the genome of infected cells. RT is composed of two function domains: an RNA and DNA-dependent polymerase domain and an RNase H domain, which are respectively responsible for the synthesis and hydrolysis of proviral DNA strands. A number of drugs targeting one of the domains or both have been designed, tested or approved for clinical use, among which the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) have gained their status for various advantages. Herein, the molecular mechanism of four kinds of main RT inhibitors-polymerase inhibitors, RNase H active site inhibitors, RNase H allosteric inhibitors and dual inhibitors are introduced, as well as the advantages, drawbacks and challenges of these drugs. Their mechanisms and challenges are discussed to promote a comprehensive understanding of the development of NRRTIs.
A Study of Multienzyme in MOF for Biosensing
Authors: Wang Jia
Published: March 2023

At present, diabetes has become a widespread disease between young people and the elderly. New methods to detect diabetes are required. Hence, enzyme biosensors (glucose biosensors) based on immobilization methods are invented to solve the problem. However, enzyme stability can not be guaranteed. Metal-organic-framework has indicated a bright future in improving stability. In this project, o-Phenylenediamine (OPD) coating is used as a coloring agent to detect glucose. As is proved by previous researchers, taking advantage of the cascade reaction of glucose oxidase (GOx) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzymes, filter paper-based zeolitic imidazole framework-L (ZIF-L) thin film can be used to detect glucose considering its high acid stability and ease of fabrication. The results reveal that ZIF-L/GOx&HRP was linearly sensitive in the range of glucose concentrations (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5mM). After optimization by enzyme concentration and synthesis, 0.75mol/mL GOx&HRP with 30 minutes synthesis time illustrates the best performance.
The Clinical Applications of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1Alpha (HIF-1α)
Authors: Hu Ruyiren , Leong Hei Man , Luo Ji , Zang Runzao
Published: March 2023

Hypoxia is a microenvironment that occurs when the oxygen supply is insufficient to perform physiological functions. HIF-1 is a transcriptional factor that mediates metabolisms and cellular responses under hypoxic conditions, which protects the cell’s viability. Harness of the HIF-1α pathway gives control over cellular response and cells’ differentiation directions. In this review article, the degradation process of HIF-1α will be firstly be discussed. It has been proved that the activation and suppression of HIF-1α pathway can stimulate many cellular responses in human body, for instance, chondrogenesis and angiogenesis. Three clinical applications of HIF-1α will be analyzed in this article, which are cartilage repairments, recovery of anemia and the cancer treatment. The upregulation of HIF-1α activates the transcription of many genes responsible for cell proliferation, and this can be achieved by small biomaterial. This method is more controllable in terms of its mechanism, and more commercially available compared with gene therapy approaches and recombinant tissues.
Cartilage of Knee: Anatomy, Function and Recent Conservative Treatments
Authors: Ding Yiqi
Published: March 2023

Damage to the knee's cartilage, notably the menisci, is thought to be a substantial contributor to musculoskeletal morbidity. The unique anatomical, biomechanical, and functional properties of knee cartilage make it vulnerable to injury and destruction. Knee cartilage is essential for both everyday use and long-term health. Due to its importance and its injury susceptibility, treatment toward this injury also is important. Considering the contraindications of surgery and the requirements of anesthesia, and the characteristics of the disease in the age distribution, surgery might unsuitable for some people then conservative treatment is worth consider. The purpose of this review is to summarize and analyze recent conservative treatment toward the injury of cartilage in knee and some of the current developments in order to search for the future target. By analyzing several conservative treatments, including pharmacotherapy, physical therapy, Kinesio tape and tissue engineering, it can be clear that conservative treatments have significant effect on symptoms and part of its function but can hardly rebuild its structure and all physiological functions.
Cancer Stem Cells and Their Drug Resistance Mechanisms
Authors: Lu Jiahui
Published: March 2023

Today, the prevalence rate of cancer continues to rise, and the mortality rate remains the first. In the face of tumor growth and deterioration, medical treatment methods are constantly updated, and drug resistance in the later stage of tumor is a thorny problem facing today. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are an important factor leading to tumor drug resistance. The biological characteristics and drug resistance of tumor cells are important factors that determine tumor drug resistance. CSCs have unique biological characteristics, but they are similar to stem cells. It can self-proliferate and differentiate, have strong repair ability, can promote infinite growth of tumor, and have unique biological markers. The ABC protein drug pump function of CSCs can cope with the invasion of chemotherapy drugs. Its own microenvironment, strong inhibition of apoptosis and long-term stationary phase are the unique protective mechanism of CSCs. Aiming at the mechanism of cancer stem cells, the research on their properties is particularly important.
Emerging role of nanotechnology in cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Li Xi
Published: March 2023

Cancer, a genetic and metabolic disease, caused by mutations of gene, dysregulated metabolism or environment factors. Since the cancer rate is among the highest in the 20th century and the incidence keeps elevating in the 21st century, it has been expected that 25% of the population will suffer from cancer during their lifetime. Thus, the study of new targeting vaccines and corresponding specific drugs as well as immunotherapeutic strategies are on in urgent need today. With the rapid development and wide application of nano-sized particles (NPs) and materials in recent years, nanotechnology plays an increasingly significant role in immunotherapy for cancer, such as nano-vaccines, nano-ACT and so on. Despite nanoparticles can be designed in various forms and functions to satisfy personalized demands, this technology still faces many challenges of safety and efficacy. In this review, the latest researches and prospects of for cancer immunotherapies based on nanotechnology are summarized. Additionally, withdraws and focus points of nanotechnology-immunotherapies are also discussed.
Biomarkers and Immunotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Chen Keying
Published: March 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second major cause of mortality from cancer globally. Most CRCs are sporadic and may be classified into three main genetic pathways: the chromosomal instability (CIN) pathway, the microsatellite instability (MSI) pathway and the CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) pathway, which are associated with genetic mutations or epigenetic alterations and have the possibility to intersect, thus making the treatment of CRC challenging. Immunotherapy has offered some promising insights by inducing antitumor immune responses, but its effectiveness is restricted to certain groups of CRC patients with specific characteristics. Several biomarkers have demonstrated their potentials to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy in individual patients. Some of them include the extent of tumor mutations (MMR/MSI, POLE/POLD1, KRAS), PDL-1 expression, pre-existing immunity and gut microbial compositions. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs-)-based immunotherapy is considered to be the relatively traditional immunotherapeutic strategy in the treatment of CRC. However, it mainly targets CRCs with defective mismatch repair (dMMR) mechanisms. The more recently developed immunotherapies include cancer vaccines (molecular-based, cell-based and vector-based vaccines) and adoptive cell therapy (ACT), which have the potential to further enhance the stimulation of antitumor immune responses. This review summarizes the predictive biomarkers that have the potential application in CRC treatment, and discusses the immunotherapeutic strategies targeting CRCs that have been developed or are currently under investigation.
Marketing Strategies of Public Hospitals – Take A Public Hospital in Hebei as an Example
Authors: Geng Mingrui , Marcelo Joe-el S.
Published: March 2023

In the environment of health and medical care reform, public hospitals need to conduct more effective marketing management for their own survival and development, this can increase the influence of the hospital and at the same time increase its revenue. This paper analyzed the status of the marketing strategies of the hospital and proposed suggestions to improve its marketing strategy.
Some Electrical Stimulation Methods for Articular Cartilage Regeneration
Authors: Shi Qingyuan
Published: March 2023

Bioelectrical signals can regulate a wide range of cellular activities in living organisms, including division, differentiation, etc. The physiological properties of stem cell cells are regulated by artificial input of electrical stimuli, including electric and electromagnetic fields, to promote cartilage repair by inducing stem cell cellular differentiation toward cartilage. Electrical stimulation (ES) stimulates cartilage regeneration at the cellular level through three mechanisms: intricate interactions of the physical environment, growth factors (GFs), and signal transduction cascades. The relevant ways in which bioelectrical stimulation regulates cellular function are the subject of this review. The non-invasive nature of this and the fact that it is not dependent on exogenous growth factors offer great promise for the clinical application of ES. However, the precise mechanisms underlying how ES interacts with cells are not well understood and need a lot more investigation. Similarly, there is a certain variability in the means and parameters of ES in in vivo and in vitro experiments, which poses a great challenge for clinical applications. Here some feasible means of ES and specific ES parameters to provide ideas for subsequent clinical applications are reviewed.
Updated Insights into Epilepsy Mechanism and Treatment
Authors: Jian Manli , Liu Yisen , Shen Xiaoyu
Published: March 2023

Epilepsy is the most prevalent, persistent, and deadly kind of neurological disorder. affecting 65 million individuals globally. To update the current understanding about its pathophysiological processes, diagnosis, classification criteria, and treatment targets, this review summarized the most updated advances accordingly. The pathogenesis of epilepsy can be the abnormal glial cells, glutamate metabolism, or injury of blood-brain barrier. The current epilepsy classification system was introduced in 2017 by ILEA. It has three levels of classification, starting with classification of seizure type and may be followed by further classification as an Epilepsy type with sufficient imaging evidence, and even further classified as an Epilepsy Syndrome with sufficient imaging evidence combined with the patient’s background information. Classification may stop at any level depending on the resources available. All in all, this review updated the most recent advanced findings about epilepsy to promote further research works.
mRNA-lipid Nanoparticle Vaccines: Structure and Delivery
Authors: Cai Yiming , Liao Junru , Tan Haocheng
Published: March 2023

As the latest generation of vaccine production technology, mRNA vaccine has achieved vaccine production and clinical application, such as COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. However, a substantial inherent limitation in the development of mRNA vaccines is that mRNA is chemically unstable and susceptible to lysed by lysosome. Therefore, it is necessary to develop suitable vectors for mRNA. Today, the mainly COVID-19 vaccines include mRNA produced by Modera was approved by the FDA in the world. mRNA-1273 is a nucleic acid vaccine delivered by a lipid nanoparticle (LNP). As mRNA vaccines become widely available for mass vaccination, LNP have emerged as a popular delivery system. In this review, we introduce the history of MRNA after starting from mRNA vaccines, discusses the structure of LNP including ionizable cationic lipids, cholesterol, neutral lipids, PEG-lipids, and the role of each component. It also explains the mechanism of LNP delivery in mRNA vaccine and introduces different types of LNP, and describes several factors affecting particle delivery. It has been shown that the delivery of LNP is affected by particle size, particle surface charge, surface polyethylene glocalization and specific targeting modification. This review serves as a useful provides for insights into the delivery of LNP and the design of new therapeutic vaccines.
Current Development in Treatment of Spinal Muscular Atrophy
Authors: Tian Xinran
Published: March 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive genetic disease that affects the alpha motor units and leads to muscular atrophy. The survival motor neuron-1 (SMN1) mutation, which is found on chromosome 5q13, is responsible for the majority of SMA cases. SMA spectrum range from type 0 to type 4, with various severity, longevity, and symptoms. Usually, the more early onset of the disease is, the more severe the symptoms are. Therefore, early detection is vital since treatment can be implemented as soon as possible. Currently, diagnosis methods include newborn screening, point mutation testing, diagnostic testing, and carrier testing, each with a different purpose. Although there has been no cure for SMA so far, some medications could help to relieve the symptoms and allow patients to achieve a higher quality of life, like Onasemnogene abeparvovec-xioi, Nusinersen, and Evrysdi approved by the FDA. However, these treatments are costly. Additional support for SMA patients comes from physical therapy and careful daily management. Current research aims to identify more biomarkers of SMA to maximize therapeutic success and provide more precise therapeutic doses. This review provides a literature review of the pathogenesis, testing, and treatment of spinal muscular atrophy.
Mechanism and Future Application of CAR-T Therapy in DLBCL
Authors: Hou Yunqi
Published: March 2023

The idea of CAR-T cell therapy emerged in the early 1990s, as scientists discovered the application of CD3ζ in its effectiveness of activating T cells. Through generations of improvements by implementing costimulatory domains, the therapy demonstrated an excellent prognosis in refractory DLBCL patients. This paper is going to address the mechanism and basic structures of CAR-T therapy. In addition, this paper will analyze the result of several clinical trials and compare the efficacy of the therapy to the current second-line treatments while pointing out its limitations and efficacy in DLBCL. It is the hope that this paper can give an overview of the therapy while suggesting a superior treatment in DLBCL patients and address some current applications of CAR-T therapy in DLBCL patients while suggesting some future improvements and applications in CAR-T cell therapy. Although Car-T cell therapy showed prominent results over stem cell transplantation in elder patients, its efficacy still required further examinations in order to replace auto-HCT as the second-line treatment of DLBCL.
Case Study of How China’s Community Healthcare Service Responds to Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yang Yixin
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is one of the world’s most common chronic diseases. From the data shown above, we can see that diabetes is a wide-spread serious illness. Hence, prevalence of diabetes imposes a substantial threat on public health well-being. Therefore, it is important for official organizations to come up with solutions to respond to diabetes. Among different type of diabetes, type 2 diabetes (T2D) is the most common one and usually influenced by postnatal factors. In China, community health service centers play a major role in responding to T2D. Thus, it is important to analyze how the community health service centers are currently responding to diabetes and create guides for future works based on the analyzed results. In this article, background information on present T2D prevalence and strategies used as response solution for diabetes in China are provided. The method, main goal, and significance of the case study are also included. The main focus of this study is evaluating how China’s community health service centers are responding to T2D via SWOT analysis. Thorough evaluation on internal strengths, internal weakness, external opportunities, and external threats are conducted with the aid of health impact pyramid and levels of prevention. At the end of the article, 3 possible ways to improve how China’s community health service responds to T2D based on SWOT analysis are stated. In addition, expectations towards future research on China’s response to T2D are discussed.
Research on Trends of Design of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Jiang Ruidi
Published: March 2023

With energy shortages, advances in technology and the urgent need for environmental protection, electric vehicles are developing rapidly and have a tendency to replace petrol vehicles in the future. The appearance design of electric vehicles is the main direction of future vehicle styling design. Therefore, it is of great importance to study the design of electric vehicles.
Design of High-Performance Electrodes for Tesla Batteries
Authors: Shi Mingxuan
Published: March 2023

With the aggravation of environmental pollution, the prevalence of the greenhouse effect and the increasing shortage of oil resources on earth, new energy vehicles emerged as the Times requires. As a giant of new energy vehicles, Tesla's electric vehicle stands out among its peers with its super endurance, but it still has many shortcomings that need improvement and enhancement. In today's society, battery safety, capacity, charging speed, weight, cost and many other factors have been considered in the comprehensive consideration of a good battery. In particular, some very necessary measures and issues of concern to the media of various countries. Such as the improvement of safety performance requires us to improve the performance of batteries continuously. Undoubtedly, the most important component of a battery is its electrode. So, designing and developing high-performance electrode material is one of the most important steps.
Recent Advances of Design Optimization Techniques in Solid Rocket
Authors: Lu Zhishan
Published: March 2023

A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket refers to a rocket with an engine using solid propellants. The earliest solid rockets were powered by gunpowder. It is still used today in military armaments worldwide, model rockets, solid rocket boosters and on larger applications for their simplicity and reliability. With the fast development in the complexity of rockets, the importance of optimisation where the overall performance is maximised has been shown. Engineers are routinely given design tasks to find a design meeting the stringent constraints. For instance, researchers developed different optimisation techniques to maximise the overall performance while decreasing the economic and time requirements. This paper has reviewed four types of recent advances in design optimisation techniques used in solid rockets, with all the findings and analysis summarised. In conclusion, this study provides a useful reference to people who would like to know about different types of optimisation used in the current astronautical engineering field.
Research on the Shape Optimization of Three-Dimensional Bow
Authors: Liang Yulong
Published: March 2023

Boat is mainly composed of hull, ship frame, deck, cabin and ship deck building. When people are designing the boat, one key consideration is the shape of the bow in order to decrease the resistance and fuel-consumption. In this paper, theoretical analysis of resistance to bow and the optimization aimed for lower resistance were produced by using COMSOL Multiphysics 6.0. Firstly, a simple and ordinary model of bow is presented. Then, the mathematical and physical model are established by COMSOL. Afterwards, after I exam whether the computational model is effective enough for the further optimization, the calculating results are worked out and I compare them with the common bow’s experimental data, with the purpose of the optimization, the lower resistance, in different conditions such as different ship speed and draft. The polynomial expression of several important section is used to construct the basic outline of the three-dimensional bow with different width, bow length, angle of bow top and the possible maximum and its position. Then, I choose the bow length, angle of bow top and the possible maximum and its position as the optimization parameter. Finally, I reach the conclusion of a better-performing bow design for newer high-speed boat requirements and future studies are discussed.
The Influence of Fluid Dynamics on the Design of Different Vehicle Structures
Authors: Jiang Wei , Xiao Wenkai , Zhang Jiaqing , Zhang Yuxian
Published: March 2023

It is of great significance to understand the airflow disturbance above the vehicle for the design of the vehicle model. However, the traditional method is wind tunnel test, which is inconvenient and time wasted. In this article the team simulated the curves of different shapes above cars, such as Beetle, modern sedan car, jeep, and wedge-shaped cars. Besides, calculated the small disturbance equation in the form of python code. This paper anaylised the full potential equation to find the small disturbance equation. Then studied and analyzed the disturbance of subsonic airflow above cars. Finally, this paper analysed the functional image and did a conclusion. The results shows that different shape of cars has different flow above the car in the subsonic flow and the wedge car has almost the best shape. The experiment result shows that it has an exelent accuracy compared to the literature, besided it has a low cost and a shorter time waste.
Analysis of Current Application of Transonic Flow Aerodynamics
Authors: Shen Jingqi
Published: March 2023

Since man invented flying machines, we have always craved faster, more stable aircraft. In the 1940s, aircraft designers encounter a series of troublesome problems regarding exceeding the speed of sound. Those problems appear because as the aircraft approaches the speed of sound, a large increase in aerodynamic drag takes place and significantly unstabilized the aircraft. The definition of transonic flow is relatively broad, in fact, any fluid approaching the speed of sound can be considered transonic flow. Theoretically, for any point in space, the fluid motion in turbulence satisfies the nonlinear N-S equation, so it is possible to do at least numerical operations with a numerical computer, however, the workload is enormous. After the 1960s, the development of supercomputers made it possible to do numerical calculations in fluid mechanics, which has completely changed the CFD application. Transonic flow, as one of the branches with great practicality and relatively simple arithmetic in CFD, has greatly advanced the development of aircraft.
Research on Methods of Improving Fuel Efficiency
Authors: Fu Hao
Published: March 2023

In recent years, the improvement of aircraft fuel efficiency has been one of the hot topics discussed by scientists. Especially in today's increasingly tense environment of fossil fuels, how to effectively improve the fuel efficiency of aircraft engines is an important scientific problem facing us. The improvement of aircraft fuel efficiency depends not only on high-performance engines, but also on the structural design of the aircraft itself. Therefore, if the aircraft structure can be optimized, it is bound to improve the fuel efficiency of the aircraft and make it have a better flight distance in actual flight. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate ways to reduce emissions while improving fuel efficiency. A small paper airplane experiment is introduced to study the influence of wing area on speed, time, lift, drag and lift drag ratio, so as to further explore the central theme of this paper, including the analysis of many physical models. It also includes many products and ideas that engineers are now designing.
Comparison and Demonstration of the Principle and Applications for the State-of-art Astrophysical Telescopes
Authors: Zheng Binwen
Published: March 2023

With the rapid development of the technique for optics engineering, the telescope has developed rapidly with great performances (i.e., higher resolution), which exhibits great potential in cosmology detection. On this basis, this paper compares and demonstrates the basic principle as well as the state-of-art applications and observations of two typical telescopes, i.e., the Arecibo and Fast. According to the analysis, the later constructed FAST largely expands the searching parameters which offer a path for higher signal-noise ratio. However, it should be noted that ground-based telescopes do have some shortcomings and defects. The revision suggestions are also proposed in order to better upgrade the performances of the telescopes. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of future telescope construction.
Charaterization of Holomorphic function using power series
Authors: Lin Xiaohan
Published: March 2023

Complex analysis is a subfield of mathematical analysis that focuses on the operations of complex numbers. The theory of functions of a complex variable is another name for it. Holomorphic functions, is the key object studied in the filed of complex analysis. These functions can be differentiated, have negative values, and are defined on the complex plane. Some of the ideas, concepts, and techniques frequently utilized in research include the residue theorem, Cauchy integral formula, Laurent series expansion, etc.In particular, algebraic geometry, fluid dynamics, quantum mechanics, and other related sciences have made substantial use of complex analysis in mathematics, physics, and engineering over the years. Girolamo Cardano and Raphael Bombelli, two Italian mathematicians, initially recognized complex numbers while attempting to solve a particular algebra in the 16th century, while Cauchy and Riemann further improved it in the 19th century.This essay explores the arithmetic features of complex numbers firstly. Secondly, a thorough interpretation of the characteristics of holomorphic functions is provided. Finally, using power series methods, the holomorphic function on the disc is characterized.
The discovery and development of Imaginary number
Authors: Du Jie
Published: March 2023

The discovery of imaginary numbers and the establishment of complex systems took a long time. These nonexistent numbers have been studied in great detail by mathematicians thousands of years ago, including in Tartaglia's arithmetic competition. The general solution of Girolamo's cubic equation with one variable. All reflect the wisdom of the ancients. In modern times, as more and more mathematicians use more sophisticated methods to explore imaginary numbers, which are rarely studied, theories and systems are becoming more and more robust. Some famous mathematicians such as Euler, Gauss, Newton, Leibniz, and Descartes have made indelible contributions. These research areas also laid the foundation for the future development of science and technology physics. This review was focused on the mathematicians’ outstanding discovery of complex system.
Comparison of Stellar Detectors for Mars, Jupiter, and Sun
Authors: Chen Liyan
Published: March 2023

Contemporarily, various stellar detectors have been launched to different planets, which offer abundant information for both astrophysics and cosmology. To better illustrate the differences and functions of the detectors, this paper briefly introduces the development of planetary probes and the characteristics of some of the planets and selects three of the most valuable planetary probes for study, comparing their functions, characteristics, and other aspects to investigate the different effects of different planetary characteristics on the function of the probes. The paper focuses on the Mars Rover Curiosity, the Jupiter Rover Galileo, and the Solar Rover Parker. The comparison shows that they all differ in the presentation of the rover form due to the different characteristics of the planet. This study also helps to analyse the future direction of the rovers of these three bodies, e.g., solar probes will continue to face the challenge of becoming more resistant to radiation as well as to heat. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of stellar detectors.
Comparison of Detection Schemes for Different Types of Dark Matter Candidate
Authors: Xie Robert
Published: March 2023

Dark matter is one of the most concerning topics in frontier physics today, through continuously exploring scientific research personnel, people gradually have a certain knowledge of the dark matter, about a potential way of detecting dark matter particles. However, the researchers found that still lack of unified cognition, therefore the research topic of this article is to compare different state-of-art ways and scenarios to explore the dark matter particles. To be specific, direct detection, the way in indirect detection and the way collision detection. By comparing the merits and demerits of historical dark matter detection methods, this study tries to summarize more effective ways of observing dark matter. According to the analysis, the most successful scenarios that has been carried out right now is the direct detection. These findings provide useful information for directing future research that could improve the current conventional particle model or, as proposed by Einstein a century ago, open up new physics horizons. These results shed light on guiding further exploration of searching dark matter.
Re-estimation of the Hubble’s Constant Based on Analyzing Other Cosmological Parameters and Intergalactic Parallax Ranging
Authors: Zhou Luo
Published: March 2023

The Hubble’s constant is one of the most important cosmological parameters in the theoretical framework of the widely accepted ΛCDM model, which is key in determining many other cosmological parameters (e.g., the age, ultimate fate, and observable radius of the universe). However, the value of the Hubble’s constant is disputed between studies employing different methods to estimate the value of the Hubble’s constant, causing a crisis in cosmology and also casting doubt on the compatibility of the ΛCDM model. Therefore, this study aims to propose new methods to re-estimate the value of the Hubble’s constant at the present epoch with greater reliability and accuracy.  Specifically, 2 methods are proposed for the re-estimation of the Hubble’s constant: (1) deriving an equation from pre-established formulae in cosmology that describes the mathematical relation between the Hubble’s constant and other known cosmological parameters; (2) sending a medium-sized space telescope to interstellar space to enable parallax ranging of other galaxies. The former method yielded a result of , which is comparable to results of other studies. Using mathematical deduction, this study verified the estimations for the value of the Hubble’s constant by previous attempts. Moreover, this study also proposes an explanation for the yet unexplained discrepancy in the Hubble’s constant’s value between different methods of measurement. The results of the study provide new outlooks to the methods of estimating the Hubble’s constant, and possibly inspiring projects to send space telescopes for intergalactic parallax ranging.
Comparison of Different Searching Paradigms for Axion
Authors: Peng Hokong
Published: March 2023

An “invisible” matter called Dark Matter, which does not interact with the electromagnetic spectrum, is an idea to explain high velocity dispersion in the cluster and observed differences in mass to light ratio. Axion is the hypothetical particle that beyond the standard model, is suggested to resolve the Strong CP violation problem, its light mass enabling it to be a high potential candidate for cold dark matter, meanwhile explaining the violation in matter and antimatter. Therefore, multiple experiments include CAST, ADMX, MADMAX, XENON and ABRA but more than these are searching for different axion models, various axion masses and energy level sources, with theories such as Primakoff conversion. This article illustrates the latest limits for axion model base on ABRA results, with masses between 0.31neV to 8.3 neV, and the upper limit of gaγγ < 3.3×10-9 GeV-1 and < 1.4×10-10 GeV-1, no axion exists. Meanwhile, compared to other results given by CAST, masses range around 0.02 eV and gaγ up to 8.8×10-11 GeV-1 to gaγ larger or around 4×10-13 GeV-1 within the masses from 34.6771 to 34.6738 μeV. These results offer a better understanding of current axion models and research with latest achievements by comparing various detection methods and their observations.
Coupling analysis of different variables in airfoil lift formula
Authors: Ding Xiurui
Published: March 2023

In the design process of an aircraft, there is an important criterion to consider when designing a wing: how much lift the wing can provide. The magnitude of the lift directly determines the stability of the aircraft during take-off and whether it can take off smoothly, so it has received extensive attention from scholars at home and abroad. This paper uses the Kutta-Joukowski theorem to quantify the factors that affect wing lift and enable the calculation of lift, and engineers need to analyze how these factors affect wing lift when considering this criterion. So how can engineers analyze the effect of these factors on lift, especially in multivariate situations? Need to calculate complex multivariate equations? are issues worth exploring. In this paper, a coupled analysis method is proposed to analyze the wing lift of an aircraft affected by multiple variables, which will greatly simplify the original analysis process and provide convenience for the calculation of wing lift.