bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Sacred Heart” and the Appropriation of Catholic Faith in Nineteenth-Century China
Authors: Li Ji
Published: January 2018

This chapter analyzes several rarely seen letters written in 1871 by three Catholic women from a village in Northeast China. The letters were addressed to a member of the Société des Missions Etrangères de Paris who had been the priest of their church. In these letters, the author detects the underlying sense of feminine piety mingled with the Du women’s purposeful borrowing of religious vocabularies to articulate personal feelings and emotional requests. The displacement between the spiritual devotion to Jesus and the sensible attachment to an absent Western priest signifies the new boundary of Christian religiosity being shaped by these village women. Private writing became an alternative means of self-empowerment for them to redefine faith, passion, and collective identity in late Qing society.
What Is Wrong with the Poverty Line
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

Using household income to measure income inequality and define poverty has many flaws. Comparing individuals and households of the same age cohort is far more likely to be meaningful, because it is comparing households with their peers who are at the same stage of their life cycle, have grown up in the same era, and have the same vintage of schooling. Age is the better choice for anchoring the poverty line, not household size.
The Top 1% and Top 10% of Income Earners
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

A brief look at the Forbes 400 list provides little support for the idea that fortunes are patiently accumulated through reinvestment of old wealth. When Forbes compared its list of the wealthiest Americans in 1982 and 2012, it found that fewer than one-tenth of those on the list in 1982 were still on the list in 2012, despite the fact that a significant majority of members of the 1982 list would have qualified in 2012 if they had accumulated wealth at a real rate of even 4% a year. They did not, given propensities to spend, donate, or misinvest their wealth. Technology and globalization have given greater scope and opportunity to those with extraordinary entrepreneurial ability, luck, or managerial skill.
Building Codes and Postwar Reconstruction in Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

With the new rules in place, eviction cases declined drastically as landlord and tenant came to quick agreement. Without Mr. Way’s ruling, the easing of the building code would have largely been futile, since prewar premises covered under the rent control legislation were situated on the most desirable properties. Had it not been for his ruling, Hong Kong’s postwar reconstruction history would have stalled, and the city would have ended up like Calcutta.Because of him, the spirit and vitality of common law is also much better formed in our city where development and redevelopment are more driven by private market initiatives.
New Strategies Needed as Third Industrial Age Unfolds
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

Many today believe the world has entered the Third Industrial Age, during which technological improvements in robotics and automation will boost productivity and efficiency, implying significant gains for companies. These advancements have three biases: they tend to be capital-intensive (favoring those with financial resources), skill-intensive (favoring those with a high level of technical proficiency), and labor saving (reducing the total number of unskilled and semi-skilled jobs). The pundits speculate the economic impact on the job market will be significant and will present serious social and political challenges for society in growing inequality and the provision of safety nets to mitigate the consequences of disruptive technological progress. History has shown capitalist markets and business enterprises are incredibly efficient at turning technological advances into profitable businesses and providing incentives to discover new technologies. They succeed because companies that compete successfully with each other to provide benefits for clients are rewarded handsomely.
On Balancing Rising Long-Term Budgets for a Free Society
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

Social welfare as a share of government expenditures has risen the most over time, in part because of growing demand from those with such needs: people with disabilities, elderly people without means, troubled teenagers, divorced individuals, drug addicts, and so on. In addition, the politicization of society has increased the voice of organized advocacy groups to seek social welfare handouts from government as a means to gain political support. New policy initiatives currently in the works to help the working poor, coupled with the highly politicized demands for old age social pensions, all threaten to increase government expenditures even further. In conclusion, housing, education, health, and social welfare expenditures as a whole have increased. Every single component of these expenditures can be safely predicted to rise further into the long-term future due to demographic and political forces. Will the economy be able to finance these activities? And if radical changes were made, what will happen to the society? Will there be political consensus on the way forward?
Health Care and Rising Public Budgets
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

Increases in public spending on health expenditures alone cannot be accommodated under the present fiscal arrangements without severely sacrificing the quality of health care. Politically, no government can even contemplate such an outcome, given the power of the elderly vote. Health is not the only issue that will be seriously impacting future fiscal budget. The most important issue is how to manage public spending for an aging population.
Greece and Hong Kong
Authors: Wong Yue Chim Richard
Published: January 2018

Both Greece and Hong Kong have unified exchange rate regimes. Greece, as a member of the Eurozone, uses the euro as its local monetary unit. Hong Kong, under the linked exchange rate regime, uses a local monetary unit with its currency fully backed by the US dollar at a fixed rate. As a consequence, both economies have surrendered monetary independence to an external monetary authority. Both have committed to not using currency devaluation or revaluation as a policy tool for stabilizing their economies when they are struck by financial and economic shocks. The only way they could regain monetary independence would be, in Greece’s case, exiting the Eurozone and reissuing the drachma, and in Hong Kong’s case, breaking the linked exchange rate and putting in place an alternative monetary arrangement for issuing the Hong Kong dollar. An economy that has joined a unified exchange rate regime will face situations from time to time when the requirements of global economic integration will be in conflict with the requirements of a political democracy.
Referencing
Authors: Hart Steve
Published: January 2018

This chapter reveals the typical errors made when referencing other people’s work in the main text and in the bibliography. The topics covered include formatting, names of authors, subject-verb problems, and handling quotes.
Cosplay, Cuteness, and Weiniang
Authors: Chao Shih-chen
Published: January 2018

This paper analyzes gender performativity in the form of cross-dressing cuteness through cosplaying by a popular male-cosplaying-female fan group “Ailisi Weiniang Tuan (Alice Cos Group)” based in China. Drawing from cute studies, gender/queer studies, and fan studies, this paper examines the phenomenon of fake girls as a venue of redefining the boundaries of identity and gender using cosplaying and the notion of cuteness to achieve queerness to address the issue of gender performativity through queered cuteness in today’s China.
Desiring Queer, Negotiating Normal
Authors: Yin Li Eva Cheuk
Published: January 2018

This chapter explores the entanglement between queer desires and struggles with normativities in fandoms through the case study of Denise Ho (a.k.a. HOCC) in Hong Kong. HOCC is one of the few celebrities in the Chinese-language entertainment industry to have come out as a lesbian. Data is drawn from participant observation and semi-structured interviews with 29 fans between 2009 and 2014. By analyzing the interplay between Hong Kong sexual cultures, fans’ everyday lives, and fans’ interactions with global media, it is found that fans struggled with negotiating HOCC’s gender and sexuality and their own before HOCC’s coming-out, leading to the paradoxical celebration and self-policing of queer reading at the same time. HOCC’s coming out in 2012 has significantly reshaped her queer fandom. It is observed that fans have turned their attention to the negotiation of HOCC’s “proper” lesbian embodiment as the “correct” representation of the LGBT/tongzhi movement. By revealing the complex relations between heteronormativity and homonormativity, this chapter concludes that HOCC fans in Hong Kong, who are situated within macrostructural and micropolitical forces, desire to be queer by transgressing normal and paradoxically desire to be normal by tactically negotiating the limits of queer.
Springs and the Settlement of Pioneer Kentucky
Authors: O’Dell Gary A.
Published: January 2018

This chapter describes the role that mineral and freshwater springs played in the settlement of Kentucky. Springs served as the focal points of a network of trails created by bison and used by Indians and early settlers. Springs provided water supply for many early cities and towns. Nearly every significant community in central Kentucky owes its location to the presence of spring used for the initial water supply. As early settlements grew into substantial communities in the 20th century these springs, with few exceptions, were no longer adequate as primary water supplies. Springs remain important in rural areas for livestock.
Appalachia
Authors: Adams Sam
Published: January 2018

Water shaped every aspect of Appalachian Kentucky, from the rugged hills and hollows to the rugged people. It formed the coal that drew northeastern investors to the area in the early 20th century, and the clannish bonds between the people. While water is necessary to life, it has also indirectly created many of the problems in Eastern Kentucky. Limited buildable land, pollution problems that were unforeseen or ignored, a topography that makes construction of modern infrastructure an engineering nightmare, and an industry that left little room for any other have turned Appalachian Kentucky into a virtual third-world country.
Protecting Water Resources with Streamside Management Zones at Robinson Forest
Authors: Barton Christopher D. , Witt Emma L. , Stringer Jeffrey W.
Published: January 2018

Streamside management zones (SMZ) are a common best management practice used to minimize impacts to water quality from forest harvesting. Information on the effectiveness of SMZ use in Kentucky is limited. Moreover, details on SMZ configuration (size, layout, canopy retention) is lacking. The objective of this research was to evaluate the impact of varying SMZ configurations on stream ecosystem function. Results indicated that the use of elevated stream crossings and maximizing the amount of undisturbed forest floor near streams via a combination of increased SMZ width and canopy retention was effective at minimizing water quality impacts from forest harvesting.
Water Quality and Natural Resources in the Green River Basin
Authors: Lee Brad D. , Williamson Tanja N. , Crain Angela S.
Published: January 2018

This chapter examines the water quality and resources of the 370-mile-long Green River and the surrounding wetlands, reservoirs, and streams. This river demonstrates the interrelation between geology, soils, climate, hydrology, and vegetation and their impact on aquatic life such as mussels, fish, and crustaceans. Conservation programs such as the Mississippi River Basin Health Watersheds Initiative and the Green River Bioreserve provide numerous opportunities to protect the Green River Basin and other watersheds throughout the Commonwealth from unnecessary pollution and damage.
“The Fight against Economic Slavery”
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

The short-lived though influential Colored Clerks’ Circle (CCC) was a black youth organization that used boycotts and picket lines to win jobs at drugstores located in black communities. Formed in 1937, the CCC combined black self-determination, notions of economic nationalism, and consumer power to address the unemployment crisis plaguing black youths. Instead of conceptualizing black economic power through the figure of the black housewife, a method employed by the St. Louis Housewives’ League in the early 1930s, the CCC positioned politically actualized black young women as facilitators of racial leadership and racial progress. Moreover, CCC members made the argument that community change became evident and meaningful when young black women found dignity through employment.
“Jobs and Homes … Freedom”
Authors: Ervin Keona K.
Published: January 2018

Chapter 6 uncovers the links between jobs and public housing. From the vantage point of overlooked historical actors, the chapter examines the massive urban renewal programs that razed black working-class neighborhoods and constructed massive public-housing structures throughout the city. The dignity for which black working-class women struggled pointed to a cluster of trenchant urban problems that St. Louis began encountering in the prewar period and later experienced in much more concentrated fashion. This chapter highlights the lives of public housing tenants and the labor activism of Ora Lee Malone to examine black women’s struggles against urban inequality. It also shows how black middle-class women reformers used their platforms to advance black working-class women’s causes. The work of the women featured in this chapter directly led to the 1969 rent strike, in which public-housing tenants struck against the St. Louis Housing Authority. In one of the first and largest rent stoppages in the nation, strike participants made tenant control a centerpiece of their platform.
Wendell Berry and Higher Education
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

The current university system caters to Americans’ consumerist, selfish motives: universities promise to deliver lucrative employment and “upward mobility,” and for these sought-after commodities they demand ever-higher tuition. As Wendell Berry has been arguing for decades, however, an education founded upon such a reductive economic exchange causes real damage to our land and our communities. In opposition to the deracinated educational culture, Berry’s fiction, essays, and poetry provide a vision for an education in the virtues of place. His understanding of place includes not only a geographic dimension but also the dimensions of hierarchy, community, and tradition. This book explores how a university might educate students to be properly placed in all these dimensions. Part 1, “Rooting Universities,” explores how imagination, language, and work help to locate us responsibly in our places. Part 2, “Cultivating Virtues of Place,” considers how universities might foster four virtues—memory, gratitude, fidelity, and love—that are particularly relevant to orienting ourselves within these four dimensions of place. University communities guided by Berry’s vision might produce graduates who can begin the work of healing their places, graduates who have been educated for “responsible membership in a family, a community, or a polity.”
Standing by Our Words
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

The kind of language Andy learns from his Port William community stands in contrast to the irresponsible language often spoken in the academy. Such language fails to be responsible to its objects because it either focuses primarily on the speaker’s internal feelings or thoughts or takes on a falsely objective tone and focuses only on the object itself. Thus it fails to relate inner and outer, speaker and object, in a way that enables them to respond to each other. By making this accountability more difficult, the language typically spoken in universities corrodes community rather than contributing to healthy, affectionate places. A responsible language that encourages individuals to have healthy relationships with their places can be maintained only by a love for particular places and objects, a love that motivates speakers to use careful, accurate language. Universities often fail to teach such language, allowing different disciplines to hide in their own jargon rather than fostering a common, community-wide language that encourages individuals to be more broadly accountable. Recovering the trivium and learning from literature may cultivate a more accountable language.
Doing Good Work
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

Jack Beecham’s apt saying “If you want to talk with me, you’ll have to walk” indicates the necessary connection between thought and work. While our dualistic culture devalues work, incorporating manual work into higher education reminds students that love must be enacted. The liberal arts, therefore, remain insufficient unless they are joined with the practical arts, as advocated by the medieval Scholastic Hugh of St. Victor and by the original charter of land-grant colleges. After examining the damaging effects of our culture’s dualistic denigration of work, this chapter proposes three benefits of manual work: work puts us in contact with external standards, it corrects false or naïve ideas by adapting them to local realities, and it is one of the means by which we participate in bringing about healthy order. Although the current structure of universities may make incorporating manual work into the curriculum difficult, a first step is to understand even academic work as embodied. And some colleges have found creative ways to make their students work, whether through tuition waivers, service learning, or community gardening.
Introduction to Part 2
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

In the first half of this book we laid out a three-part approach to educating students for homecoming: share stories of habitation and dwelling to form healthy imaginations; study the trivium and read literature for what it can teach us about speaking a common, responsible language; and do work that enacts our love so that university members participate in local, healing economies. For imagination, language, and work to flourish in students’ lives, though, students also need to practice virtues or habits that form them for “responsible membership in a family, a community, or a polity.”...
Afterword
Authors: Baker Jack R. , Bilbro Jeffrey , Berry Wendell
Published: January 2018

There aren’t many English Departments in which two-fifths of the professors study Wendell Berry. So when Jeff took a job as an Americanist at Spring Arbor University and joined Jack, a medievalist by training, we immediately began to talk about collaborating on a project. Our many long, wide-ranging conversations culminated in this book....
The Iranian Effort Returns to the Southern Front (1984)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with a new phase of the Iranian offensives against Iraqi territories in the southern front, that were launched in several sectors in parallel—the Tigris, Maysan, Huweize Marshes and Basra areas at the beginning of 1984. It describes the deceptive attacks that the Iranians launched and the main attacks, and the battles that evolved following them, as well as the Iraqi counter attack and its consequences. It also describes another Iranian attack in the central sector of the front on October 1984 and the intensification of the “war of the cities” and the Iraqi economic war against Iranian oil exports in 1984. It deals also with the major changes in the Iraqi Army’s senior command in this period and how the new command dealt with those Iranian attacks. It includes also a summary of the fourth year of the war
The First Al-Faw Battle (the “Valfajr-8” [Dawn-8] Operation) (February–March 1986)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the most important, successful and dangerous Iranian offensive on the Al-Faw peninsula, in the southern part of Iraq in February 1986. It describes the dramatic battle that evolved following the Iranian attack that lasted a month and a half and the Iraqi failure to remove the Iranians from that area. This surprising Iranian move in this remote sector became one of the most important strategic developments of the war and the backdrop of one of its hardest and bloodiest battles. For the Iraqis the Al-Faw conflict acquired major symbolic significance, as will be described in Chapter 21. It deals also with the Iranian offensive in the Jawarta and Penjwin sectors in east Kurdistan, on February-April 1986.
“The Decisive Year”
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the second phase of the “Decisive Year” during December 1986-April 1987. This includes the great “Karbala” operations that were supposed to bring to the fall of Basra and to end the war with an Iranian victory. It describes the fighting in operations “Karbala 4”, “Karbala 5” and “Karbala 8” in the southern sector, as well as in “Karbala 6” un the central sector and “Karbala 7” in the northern sector of the front. It includes a summary of the battles of the “decisive year”, the Iranian achievements and the causes for their failure, and a Summary of the Iranian initiatives to conquer Basra during the war (July 1982 – April 1987).
A Summing-Up of the War
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter concludes this long war that became the central focus of life in Iraq from every point of view—political, military, economic, civilian and quotidian. The prolonged war posed a supreme challenge for the Iraqi civilian and military leaders, who were required to cope with insurmountable difficulties, including their army’s defeats on the battlefield. Its analyzes the Iraqi Army’s successes and failures, as well as Iran’s failures in the war, and its outcomes from an Iraqi perspective. It describes the tremendous growth and strengthening—in quantity and quality—of the Iraqi armed forces during the war, and the huge foreign support that Iraq received during it from different sources.
Doctrinal Aspects of the Functioning of the Iraqi Army’s Arms and Corps during the War
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter analyzes the different Iraqi elements that participated in the war and the way they performed in the war in different aspects in general. This includes general doctrinal aspects in the activation of the Iraqi forces, especially to deal with the large Iranian offensive, as well as the Iraqi offensive operations in 1988. It describes the activation of the main elements of the Iraqi ground forces, air force and air defense, army aviation and the navy. It deals also with special topics like the use of the Popular Army, Intelligence and psychological warfare, the logistic system, surface-to-surface missile operation and the use of chemical weapons during the war.
The Iraqi Army’s Struggle against the Continued Coalition Attacks (1991–2003)
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi Army’s struggle against the continued Coalition attacks (1991-2003). It describes the steps taken by the Coalition to convince the Iraqis to stop their attacks against the Shiite and Kurds and to cooperate with the UN inspection organizations, by determining Iraqi no-fly zones and their enforcement by the Coalition, and as a response to Iraqi provocations against the Coalition and the U.N. commissions. It describes the continuing struggle of the Iraqi air force and air defence arm against the Coalition’s attacks, the establishment of the air defence as an independent arm and the Iraqi technological and operational efforts to cope with the Coalition air and cruise missile attacks, without much success.
The Ground Forces Field System
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with the Iraqi ground forces field system. The field system of the Iraqi Army’s ground forces included all the formations that were subordinate to the corps headquarters, the General Headquarters Reserve and the Commander in Chief’s Reserve (the Republican Guard Forces). It describes the organization of the ground forces field headquarters and formations—the corps, division and brigade. It describes also the development of those headquarters and formations during the Iran-Iraq war and afterwards, and the field training system in those headquarters and formations.
The Air Arm
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with Iraq air arm, that includes the Air Force, the Army Aviation and the Air Defence forces. The air arm underwent during the Saddam era an impressive empowerment process—both qualitatively and quantitatively—and accumulated broad operational experience, especially during the war against Iran. Nevertheless, in the Gulf War of 1991 and the arms embargo imposed on Iraq in its wake toppled it from its pinnacle of power to total disintegration. The air arm’s destiny symbolized more than anything else the decline of the Iraqi Army from glorious victory at the end of the war against Iran to total collapse after the two wars against coalition forces.
Other Arms
Authors: Malovany Pesach , Baram Amatzia , Woods Kevin M. , Englesberg Ronna
Published: January 2018

This chapter deals with two arms of the Iraqi Armed Forces—the Naval forces and the Surface to Surface Missile (SSM) forces. It describes the development of the Iraqi Navy from a small arm whose purpose was to guard Iraq’s narrow strip of coast along the Persian Gulf (called by the Iraqis, the “Arab Gulf”), to a capable force that played an important role in the Iraq-Iran war by gaining supremacy over the Iranian navy and driving it out of the northern part of the Gulf. It describes also the development of the Iraqi SSM arm, especially during the Iraq-Iran war, and afterwards, its strategic importance, and the problem to fight against it, as it was demonstrated during the Gulf war in 1991.
The Order and the Division
Authors: Even General Jacob , Maoz Colonel Simcha B.
Published: January 2018

The Yom Kippur War began on Yom Kippur, the highest holy day in Judaism, in 1973. Since the Israeli army was made up of reserve units, the Egyptian army attacked on the holiday, believing the timing would impede the army’s call-up process. In reality, this strategy made it possible for the reservists to arrive at their designated locations sooner than usual because the roads were clear; most people were either at home or their local synagogue. The Egyptian attack came as a surprise to the Israeli reservists because Israel had definitively won the Six-Day War against Egypt and its allies in 1967. However, the Egyptian army had significantly increased its antitank resources in the interim, and both sides were startled to discover that neither had the advantage they thought they did.
The Twice-Blessed Day
Authors: Even General Jacob , Maoz Colonel Simcha B.
Published: January 2018

After the events of October 8, Sharon no longer trusted the chief of General Staff’s ability to lead the IDF on the southern front. Therefore, he ignored their directives and initiated offensive attacks as he saw fit. Sharon instructed his brigade commanders to commence blocking action against the Egyptian advance, and to demonstrate initiative by delivering aggression without direct attacks. Sharon’s goals for the day were twofold: to rescue the men in the Purkan stronghold, and to recapture the Hamutal and Makhshir localities, which had been forfeited by the 143rd Division but would be crucial for the eventual canal crossing.
Back to Washington and Hap’s Stand-In
Authors: Laslie Brian D.
Published: January 2018

Chapter Six begins in May 1943 when General Kuter returned to Headquarters Army Air Forces to become assistant chief of air staff for plans and combat operations. During this time he helped author the field manual 100-20 which was later called the “emancipation proclamation… of air power.” Kuter also flew on the bombing mission over the Normandy beaches in the early morning of 6 June. Kuter helped organize the Strategic Air Forces in the Pacific and represented the Army Air Forces at the Yalta conference in 1945 while General Hap Arnold convalesced from a heart attack, an experience Kuter later covered in his book An Airman at Yalta. Although overlooked, it would not be hyperbole to say that Kuter was single-handedly speaking for war-time air force and preparing for the post-war air force at the same time.
The immorality of French novels
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

Anxieties about immorality were rarely far from discussion of French novels. However, contemporary notions of ‘immorality’ were far more unstable than has often been suggested. The chapter begins by reconsidering Croker’s infamous 1836 article ‘French Novels’ in the light of its French reception, which indicates that Croker was often in sympathy with, rather than opposed to, French critics. Writers such as Croker hoped that readers would police themselves, but the correspondence between Elizabeth Barrett and Mary Russell Mitford reveals a far more playful understanding of immorality. The pair claimed the notion for themselves, and in doing so developed a sense of their own sophistication. They were not alone in ignoring contemporary warnings: the furore surrounding Dumas fils’sLa Dame aux caméllias and the censorship of its theatrical adaptation demonstrated the inconsistencies of, and limits to, censorship, and hinted at the hypocritical conduct of the Victorian reading public.
Introduction
Authors: Atkinson Juliette
Published: January 2018

Victorian readers, real and fictional, often claimed to throw immoral French novels into the fire, but their engagement with French literature was far more complex than such acts suggest. This book strives to bring clarity to the ongoing critical debate regarding the insularity and prudishness of nineteenth-century readers. The socio-historical context of Anglo-French relations, like attitudes to foreign literature, moved between attraction and distrust; politicians worked to strengthen an ‘entente cordiale’ and tourists rushed across the Channel, but there was also a wariness of French radicalism and imperial ambitions. The book explores reactions to the contemporary French fiction that circulated in England between 1830 and 1870, drawing on reviews, letters, novels, and bibliographical data to do so. It aims to challenge preconceptions about Victorian Gallophobia, reflect on complex contemporary notions of immorality, and argue that French literature was not simply ‘received’ but emerged through complex transnational networks.
Imagining Rome in Medieval Constantinople
Authors: Krallis Dimitris
Published: January 2018

This chapter suggests that interest in the Roman past during the middle Byzantine period was not evidence of idle antiquarianism but rather a meaningful ingredient in the creation of the Byzantines’ imagined community. Focusing on the modulations of Roman themes within the context of Byzantine writing we may therefore better map medieval processes of identity formation. This chapter explores instances of such engagement with the Roman past, and more specifically with the history of the Republic in Byzantine texts from the early tenth to the mid-twelfth centuries. It thus looks at the ways in which distant history was woven onto the fabric of contemporary political narrative, becoming a newly familiar component of an evolving political and more broadly cultural identity.
Legend and Historical Experience in Fifteenth-Century Ottoman Narratives of the Past
Authors: Kastritsis Dimitri
Published: January 2018

During the course of the fifteenth century, the Ottoman sultanate underwent many transformations in the political and cultural sphere. When the century began, Bayezid I (r. 1389–1402) was making the first serious if ultimately unsuccessful Ottoman bid at empire. By its end, Mehmed the Conqueror’s much more centralised empire was in the hands of his son Bayezid II (r. 1481–1512), who commissioned chronicles documenting its entire history down to his own time. These were largely compilations made up of distinct elements, many of which were much older. This chapter focuses on what such texts can tell us about how the fifteenth-century Ottomans perceived the eastern Roman and Islamic past and their own historical role in the region.
‘The North Remembers’: The Uses and Abuses of the Middle Ages in Irish Political Culture
Authors: Byers Eamon , Kelly Stephen , Stevenson Kath
Published: January 2018

‘Each person in Ulster’, Seamus Heaney famously remarked, ‘lives first in the Ulster of the actual present and then in one or other Ulster of the mind.’ While explicit reference to the Middle Ages may seem conspicuous by its absence in the litany of formative dates which pepper contemporary political and popular narrative in the North of Ireland – whether 1690 (the Battle of the Boyne), 1798 (the Rebellion of the United Irishmen), 1801 (the Act of Union), 1912 (the signing of the Ulster Covenant), 1916 (the Easter Rising) or 1998 (the signing of the Good Friday Agreement) – this essay argues, through examination of three case studies – of Cú Chulainn, the Hound of Ulster; the Red Hand; and St Patrick – that medievalism is at the very centre, both chronologically and conceptually, of the historicising reflexes of Irish politics.
‘Foreign’ versus ‘Russian’ in Soviet and Post-Soviet Musicology and Music Education
Authors: Manulkina Olga
Published: January 2018

The standard term used in Russian to refer to ‘foreign music’, zarubezhnaya muzïka, has an interesting history, as zarubezhnaya literally means ‘music from outside the border’—the border in question being that of the USSR. The term was coined in 1948 as one of the measures taken in the ideological campaign to purify Soviet music of ‘cosmopolitan’ influences. This chapter sets out to explore the concept of zarubezhnaya muzïka and trace how this canon was formed, to examine the strategies that it was necessary to adopt to carry out research on European and American music, and to assess the implications for the lives and careers of Soviet musicologists.
Conclusions: Liberalism’s local logic
Authors: Beckingham David
Published: January 2018

The concluding chapter brings together the central themes of the book, emphasising that policing and licensing were local, discretionary tools of government. The central contention is that the developments in licensing exemplify the localism – a localism of the pub and street corner – at the heart of British liberalism. As definitions of, and indeed the spaces associated with, problem drinking change, the book concludes by asking whether licensing can respond to contemporary challenges.
‘The greatest democratic force British politics have known’ – Labour Cohesion and the War
Authors: Swift David
Published: January 2018

This final chapter is concerned with the continued cohesion of the labour movement during and after the war. It takes a broad view of all of the various organisations which could be said to compose the British Left at the time of the war: the Labour party itself; the roughly one thousand trade unions in different groups and associations; various women’s groups which, while not necessarily sympathetic with all of Labour’s policies, sometimes co-operated on franchise reform; the three-million strong Co-operative movement, consisting of the Co-operative Wholesale Society and the Co-operative Union; and the socialist societies such as the British Socialist party, the Fabian Society and the Independent Labour party. Finally, the war created a great impetus for an ultra-patriotic secession from the labour movement, or even of a nationalistic coup within labour; the failure of this movement is analysed within this chapter.
Conclusion
Authors: Swift David
Published: January 2018

The conclusion re-states the arguments made in the book, critiques other relevant literature, and makes broader arguments about the implications of this book, specifically in terms of left-wing patriotism and working-class culture.
Issues and Debates
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

Part One, comprising of two chapters, sets the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. Chapter One is methodological and historiographical in character. It first traces the development of labour history. It then turns to consider the books key definitions and usages: transnationalism; globalisation; comparative history. This involves both a critical survey of the relevant literature and an explication of my approach and usage. The final section of the chapter explores the development, strengths and weaknesses and potential of transnational history
‘True Womanhood’
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

This chapter reveals the attitudes and practices of Mann and Ross towards the issues of women and gender. It argues both that they welcomed women into the labour and socialist movements and also valued women’s contributions in the domestic, reproductive and productive spheres. As such they did not articulate the patriarchal attitudes so common among their male labour-movement contemporaries. Rather they embraced the cause of ‘full’ or ‘true’ emancipation for women. Yet at the same time they did not advocate either the abolition of the nuclear family or ‘free love’. Ross, in common with most Australian labour activists, articulated a highly racialised and racist view of ‘womanhood’. During the interwar period Mann continued to advocate the full emancipation of women and opposed racism. But he was also a member of an organisation, the Communist Party of Great Britain, which, despite its professed goals to ‘transcend the division of the sexes’, was dominated by men and ‘masculinist’ attitudes and practices. For both men women’s and feminist concerns played second fiddle to those of class. This chapter makes a new contribution to the literature on gender, class and race.
Introduction
Authors: Kirk Neville
Published: January 2018

The purpose of Part I is to set the particular case of Mann and Ross in its relevant transnational and, to a lesser extent, comparative and global contexts. This is done in order to widen and deepen our knowledge and understanding of their transnational activities and influences. In Part I, ...
The Transfer of Racism: Did Liverpool’s Black and Chinese Communities Become ‘New Aliens’?
Authors: Roberts Keith Daniel
Published: January 2018

Chapter seven assesses whether the introduction of ‘new aliens’ into Liverpool, in the form of the Afro/Caribbean and Chinese communities, may have provided an alternative focus for prejudice, which had ‘previously’ been directed primarily towards Irish Catholics. The chapter examines but also challenges this perspective, highlighting that Liverpool has some of the oldest and most established Black and Chinese communities in Europe. In doing, it is demonstrated that anti-Black and anti-Chinese racism became more discernible than sectarianism.
The Atlantis Story: Greek Text and Commentary (Plato Timaeus 17a–27b, Critias)
Authors: Gill Christopher
Published: January 2018

This provides a complete list of Greek words found in the two Platonic texts, Timaeus 17a-27b, Critias, arranged alphabetically, along with an English translation of each word.
Readers who do not understand any of the words in the Greek texts can thus look them up easily in the Vocabulary. The meaning allocated to each term matches those provided in the Translation and the Commentary. The inclusion of the Vocabulary is especially helpful for students using the book as a means of developing their knowledge of Greek.
Balanced scorecard para micro e pequenas empresas: opinião de especialistas
Authors: Rodrigues Vivian Magalhães , Oliveira Ualison Rebula de
Published: January 2018

No decorrer da evolução tecnológica dos meios de produção e serviços, indicadores sempre foram utilizados, da forma mais intuitiva à forma mais elaborada, no sentido de transmitir informações e respaldar decisões. Entretanto, essa não é a realidade de uma parte significativa das Micro e Pequenas Empresas no Brasil, uma vez que várias pesquisas evidenciam que seus gestores possuem dificuldades em traçar estratégias, gerar dados e implementar sistemas de informação de apoio a decisão. Diante dessa realidade e esperando contribuir para esse segmento empresarial, a presente pesquisa tem por objetivo selecionar indicadores de desempenho de fácil compreensão e utilização para este tipo de organização, com base em indicadores já existentes, sejam eles financeiros ou não financeiros, de forma que se obtenha um conjunto de indicadores apropriado para micro e pequenas empresas. Metodologicamente, esse trabalho é suportado por entrevistas junto a especialistas sobre o tema, utilizando-se o Método Delphi. Como resultado, obteve-se um conjunto de onze indicadores que abordam as perspectivas do Balanced Scorecard.
El aprendizaje basado en la indagación en la enseñanza secundaria
Authors: Aramendi Jauregui Pello , Arburua Goienetxe Rosa María , Buján Vidales Karmele
Published: January 2018

Las estrategias activas y contextualizadas de aprendizaje ofrecen la posibilidad de acercar el conocimiento aprendido a la vida real. El estudio que se presenta se ha realizado en los institutos de secundaria de la zona de San Sebastián (España) y la ciudad de Nantes (Francia). Su objetivo fundamental es describir las opiniones de los estudiantes de secundaria de ambas ciudades sobre aspectos genéricos del aprendizaje basado en la indagación. Los resultados indican que el alumnado consultado en el estudio, subraya la importancia de las estrategias de aprendizaje basadas en la indagación, la funcionalidad del aprendizaje, la búsqueda de información y el fomento de los aspectos afectivos y emocionales. El alumnado que ha superado todas las asignaturas confía en la labor educativa del centro escolar, le gusta leer, escribir, participar en clase y autoevaluar su propio trabajo. Caminar hacia una educación de calidad, donde todo el alumnado desarrolla al máximo sus posibilidades, exige replantear el papel del docente y del estudiante en el fomento de la indagación y en el desarrollo de competencias emocionales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje como dos de los pilares básicos de la educación del futuro.
Poređenje karakteristika plućne tuberkuloze kod bolesnika sa i bez dijabetesa
Authors: Bambulović Petrović Rajkica , Stojanović Milojko , Mavija Zoran , Tomanić Marina , Milekić Jovana
Published: January 2018

Uvod. U svijetu se bilježi globalni porast oboljelih od tuberkuloze i dijabetesa.Bolesnici sa dijabetesom imaju dvostruko veći rizik oboljevanja od aktivnetuberkuloze, četiri puta veći rizik od recidiva tuberkuloze i dva puta većirizik od smrti tokom liječenja tuberkuloze. Cilj rada je utvrditi učestalostatipične radiološke lokalizacije tuberkuloze i učestalost komorbiditeta, kao ipotrebu za promjenom liječenja dijabetesa kod bolesnika sa tuberkulozom idijabetesom u odnosu na bolesnike bez dijabetesa. Metode. Ispitivane su dvije grupe bolesnika: grupu 1 činilo je trideset bolesnikasa tuberkulozom i dijabetesom, a grupu 2 trideset bolesnika sa tuberkulozombez dijabetesa. Retrospektivnom analizom medicinske dokumentacijebolesnika utvrđena je radiografska lokalizacija promjena na plućima, terapijadijabetesa, komorbiditeti i ishod liječenja. Rezultati. U grupi 1 na radiografiji pluća tipičnu rediografsku sliku i lokalizacijuplućne tuberkuloze je imalo 30%, a atipičnu lokalizaciju 70% bolesnika,dok je u grupi 2 tipična lokalizacija utvrđena kod 33,3%, a atipična kod66,7% bolesnika (p = 0,781). Prije prijema u bolnicu 60% bolesnika grupe 1 jeliječeno oralnim antidijabeticima, 13,3% insulinom, a 26,7% dijetom. Poslijeotpusta, oralnim antidijabeticima je liječeno 53,3% bolesnika, 36,7% insulinom,10% dijetom. Najčešći komorbiditeti u grupi 1 bile su kardiovaskularnebolesti (56,6%) i hronična opstruktivna bolest pluća (30,0%), a u grupi 2 kardiovaskularne bolesti (33,3%), dok su hronična opstruktivna bolest plućai anemija bile zastupljene u istom procentu od 16,6%. Ishod liječenja bolesnikadvije ispitivane grupe značajno se razlikovao. U grupi 1 izliječena su24 bolesnika, a 6 bolesnika je umrlo, dok je u grupi 2 izliječeno 29, a umro 1 bolesnik (p = 0,044). Zaključak. Nije utvrđena značajna razlika u učestalosti atipične radiološkelokalizacije tuberkuloze ni u učestalosti komorbiditeta kod bolesnika sa dijabetesomi onih bez dijabetesa. Bolesnici sa dijabetesom zahtijevali su tokomliječenja tuberkuloze korekciju liječenja dijabetesa. Utvrđen je statističkiznačajno veći broj umrlih bolesnika u grupi sa tuberkulozom i dijabetesomu odnosu na onu bez dijabetesa.
Primjena kontinuirane kineziterapije u liječenju ankilozirajućeg spondilitisa – prikaz bolesnika
Authors: Marković Aleksandra
Published: January 2018

Uvod. Ankilozirajući spondilitis (Morbus Bechterew) je hronično zapaljensko,reumatsko oboljenje koje se odlikuje sinovitisom sakroilijačnih zglobova i sinovijskihzglobova kičmenog stuba. Cilj rada je prikazati značaj kontinuiranekineziterapije u liječenju ankilozirajućeg spondilitisa.Prikaz bolesnika. Bolesnik (muškarac, star 38 godina) sa ankilozirajućimspondilitisom se javio fizijatru zbog pogoršanja simptoma osnovnog oboljenjau smislu bolova i ograničenja pokreta te smetnji u obavljanju aktivnostisvakodnevnog života.Nakon kliničkog pregleda kod bolesnika je započetfizikalni tretman koji je sadržao analgetske procedure elektro i sonoterapiju od10 tretmana i dva mjeseca kontinuirane kineziterapije pod kontrolom fizioterapeuta.Nakon dva mjeseca, na kontrolnom pregledu bolesnik nema boloveni ograničenost pokreta i nesmetano obavlja aktivnosti svakodnevnog života.Zaključak. Kontinuirana kineziterapija je neizostavni vid liječenja bolesnika saankilozirajućim spondilitisom jer sprečava nastanak deformiteta i omogućavaublažavanje simptoma i povećanje pokretljivosti kičmenog stuba.
A review of cryptographic properties of S-boxes with generation and analysis of crypto secure S-boxes.
Authors: Dey Sankhanil , Ghosh Ranjan
Published: January 2018

In modern as well as ancient ciphers of public key cryptography, substitution boxes find a permanent seat. Generation and cryptanalysis of 4-bit as well as 8-bit crypto S-boxes is of utmost importance in modern cryptography. In this paper, a detailed review of cryptographic properties of S-boxes has been illustrated. The generation of crypto S-boxes with 4-bit as well as 8-bit Boolean functions (BFs) and Polynomials over Galois field GF(p q ) has also been of keen interest of this paper. The detailed analysis and comparisonof generated 4-bit and 8-bit S-boxes with 4-bit as well as 8-bit S-boxes of Data Encryption Standard (DES) and Advance Encryption Standard (AES) respectively, has incorporated with example. Detailed analysis of generated S-boxes claims a better result than DES and AES in view of security of crypto S-boxes.