bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
REAL-TIME EARTHQUAKE MONITORING WITH SPATIO-TEMPORAL FIELDS
Authors: Whittier J. C. , Nittel S. , Subasinghe I.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. With live streaming sensors and sensor networks, increasingly large numbers of individual sensors are deployed in physical space. Sensor data streams are a fundamentally novel mechanism to deliver observations to information systems. They enable us to represent spatio-temporal continuous phenomena such as radiation accidents, toxic plumes, or earthquakes almost as instantaneously as they happen in the real world. Sensor data streams discretely sample an earthquake, while the earthquake is continuous over space and time. Programmers attempting to integrate many streams to analyze earthquake activity and scope need to write code to integrate potentially very large sets of asynchronously sampled, concurrent streams in tedious application code. In previous work, we proposed the field stream data model (Liang et al., 2016) for data stream engines. Abstracting the stream of an individual sensor as a temporal field, the field represents the Earth’s movement at the sensor position as continuous. This simplifies analysis across many sensors significantly. In this paper, we undertake a feasibility study of using the field stream model and the open source Data Stream Engine (DSE) Apache Spark(Apache Spark, 2017) to implement a real-time earthquake event detection with a subset of the 250 GPS sensor data streams of the Southern California Integrated GPS Network (SCIGN). The field-based real-time stream queries compute maximum displacement values over the latest query window of each stream, and related spatially neighboring streams to identify earthquake events and their extent. Further, we correlated the detected events with an USGS earthquake event feed. The query results are visualized in real-time.
APPLYING THIESSEN POLYGON CATCHMENT AREAS AND GRIDDED POPULATION WEIGHTS TO ESTIMATE CONFLICT-DRIVEN POPULATION CHANGES IN SOUTH SUDAN
Authors: Jordan L.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Recent violence in South Sudan produced significant levels of conflict-driven migration undermining the accuracy and utility of both national and local level population forecasts commonly used in demographic estimates, public health metrics and food security proxies. This article explores the use of Thiessen Polygons and population grids (Gridded Population of the World, WorldPop and LandScan) as weights for estimating the catchment areas for settlement locations that serve large populations of internally displaced persons (IDP), in order to estimate the county-level in- and out-migration attributable to conflict-driven displacement between 2014-2015. Acknowledging IDP totals improves internal population estimates presented by global population databases. Unlike other forecasts, which produce spatially uniform increases in population, accounting for displaced population reveals that 15 percent of counties (n = 12) increased in population over 20 percent, and 30 percent of counties (n = 24) experienced zero or declining population growth, due to internal displacement and refugee out-migration. Adopting Thiessen Polygon catchment zones for internal migration estimation can be applied to other areas with United Nations IDP settlement data, such as Yemen, Somalia, and Nigeria.
CANOPY SURFACE RECONSTRUCTION AND TROPICAL FOREST PARAMETERS PREDICTION FROM AIRBORNE LASER SCANNER FOR LARGE FOREST AREA
Authors: Chen Z. , Yang Z. , Chen Y. , Wang C. , Qian J. , Yang Q. , Chen X. , Lei J.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. Canopy height model(CHM) and tree mean height are critical forestry parameters that many other parameters such as growth, carbon sequestration, standing timber volume, and biomass can be derived from. LiDAR is a new method used to rapidly estimate these parameters over large areas. The estimation of these parameters has been derived successfully from CHM. However, a number of challenges limit the accurate retrieval of tree height and crowns, especially in tropical forest area. In this study, an improved canopy estimation model is proposed based on dynamic moving window that applied on LiDAR point cloud data. DEM, DSM and CHM of large tropical forest area can be derived from LiDAR data effectively and efficiently.
DETECTION OF BEHAVIOR PATTERNS OF INTEREST USING BIG DATA WHICH HAVE SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ATTRIBUTES
Authors: La Valley R. W. , Usher A. , Cook A.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. New innovative analytical techniques are emerging to extract patterns in Big Data which have temporal and geospatial attributes. These techniques are required to find patterns of interest in challenging circumstances when geospatial datasets have millions or billions of records and imprecision exists around the exact latitude and longitude of the data. Furthermore, the usual temporal vector approach of years, months, days, hours, minutes and seconds often are computationally expensive and in many cases do not allow the user control of precision necessary to find patterns of interest. Geohashing is a single variable ASCII string representation of two-dimensional geometric coordinates. Time hashing is a similar ASCII representation which combines the temporal aspects of date and time of the data into a one dimensional set of data attributes. Both methods utilize Z-order curves which map multidimensional data into single dimensions while preserving locality of the data records. This paper explores the use of a combination of both geohashing and time hashing that is known as “geo-temporal” hashing or “space-time” boxes. This technique provides a foundation for reducing the data into bins that can yield new methods for pattern discovery and detection in Big Data.
COMPARISON OF SPATIOTEMPORAL MAPPING TECHNIQUES FOR ENORMOUS ETL AND EXPLOITATION PATTERNS
Authors: Deiotte R. , La Valley R.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The need to extract, transform, and exploit enormous volumes of spatiotemporal data has exploded with the rise of social media, advanced military sensors, wearables, automotive tracking, etc. However, current methods of spatiotemporal encoding and exploitation simultaneously limit the use of that information and increase computing complexity. Current spatiotemporal encoding methods from Niemeyer and Usher rely on a Z-order space filling curve, a relative of Peano’s 1890 space filling curve, for spatial hashing and interleaving temporal hashes to generate a spatiotemporal encoding. However, there exist other space-filling curves, and that provide different manifold coverings that could promote better hashing techniques for spatial data and have the potential to map spatiotemporal data without interleaving. The concatenation of Niemeyer’s and Usher’s techniques provide a highly efficient space-time index. However, other methods have advantages and disadvantages regarding computational cost, efficiency, and utility. This paper explores the several methods using a range of sizes of data sets from 1K to 10M observations and provides a comparison of the methods.
SPATIOTEMPORAL VISUALIZATION OF TIME-SERIES SATELLITE-DERIVED CO2
FLUX DATA USING VOLUME RENDERING AND GPU-BASED INTERPOLATION ON
A CLOUD-DRIVEN DIGITAL EARTH
Authors: Wu S. , Yan Y. , Du Z. , Zhang F. , Liu R.
Published: October 2017

Abstract. The ocean carbon cycle has a significant influence on global climate, and is commonly evaluated using time-series satellite-derived CO2 flux data. Location-aware and globe-based visualization is an important technique for analyzing and presenting the evolution of climate change. To achieve realistic simulation of the spatiotemporal dynamics of ocean carbon, a cloud-driven digital earth platform is developed to support the interactive analysis and display of multi-geospatial data, and an original visualization method based on our digital earth is proposed to demonstrate the spatiotemporal variations of carbon sinks and sources using time-series satellite data. Specifically, a volume rendering technique using half-angle slicing and particle system is implemented to dynamically display the released or absorbed CO2 gas. To enable location-aware visualization within the virtual globe, we present a 3D particlemapping algorithm to render particle-slicing textures onto geospace. In addition, a GPU-based interpolation framework using CUDA during real-time rendering is designed to obtain smooth effects in both spatial and temporal dimensions. To demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed method, a series of satellite data is applied to simulate the air-sea carbon cycle in the China Sea. The results show that the suggested strategies provide realistic simulation effects and acceptable interactive performance on the digital earth.
Community Participation in the Implementation of Constitutional Laws through the Village Tourism Development in Tanjungsari County Rowosari Subdistrict Kendal
Authors: Widodo Suwarno , Ginting Rosalina , P. S. Supriyono , Istiyaningsih R.
Published: October 2017

The study was backed by the existence of equitable development and the acceleration efforts around countryside, has done several programs/activities at the village level -based community empowerment as well as optimize the local potential in the village such as tourist village. With the participation of the community directly in the tourist village development, then it can also be used for local community empowerment efforts. This research aim is to find the community participation in the legislation implementation through the Village tourism development Tanjungsari County of Rowosari Sub district Kendal. This research type is qualitative, descriptive research was carried out in the village in Kendal. Focus of the study was excavation of the tourism potential village, forms management in the development of tourism and other forms of activities upon community participation through the development of village tourism. Data collection methods used is interviews, observation, documentations. Technique of data analysis applies qualitative approach. The results shows that the Tanjungsari Village developed into a decent Education about how to cultivate fish and make crafts calligraphy that has tourism potential among other industrial centers household processing and marketing Fish Boiled & smoked fish, as well as the calligraphy craft. Tanjungsari Village Development model geared at empowering communities by involving the community in the development of tourist villages ranging from socialization and decision making in order to prepare the tourism components and the Pokdarwis formation. The research conclusion indicates that public participation can be rated high enough and enthusiastic but there has been no support program from the Government to prioritize the village tourism development. While the obstacles faced that there isn’t law regulation because the tourist village development program is not yet contained in the RPJMDES and RKP village then be followed up with SK (Circulating Letter) Regent Tanjungsari assignment as rural education. It suggests that socialization program in order to disseminate the existence in Tanjungsari Village with invites schools to learn to cultivate fish, creating crafts calligraphy through website and social media.
Hacia una teoría política crítica
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 3-7
Sobre la reconstitución del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Hinkelammert Franz
Published: October 2017

Rebuilding critical thought implies its critic. But this critic can not be a rupture with that critical thought, but rethinking those elements that have been put apart by others. For that reason, this must be an inner critic, not an external one. That explains why it must be necessarily a self-critic.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 35-64
Elementos marxistas para la crítica de la ortodoxia neoclásica del comercio internacional
Authors: Góchez Sevilla Roberto
Published: October 2017

Since the decade of 80’s, trade liberalization policies have become predominant. Such policies are aimed to reach eventually an ideal “free trade”. Neo-Classic orthodoxy may admit that there are initial problems on free trade, assuming them as momentary problems for some sectors. Some contemporary authors have contributed to update the marxist economic theory. Their contributions are important in order to build a theoretic core, based upon the marxist theory of value-labor, due to the potentialities that such analytic frame offers to understand the real current dynamics.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 87-108
Utopía y dignidad: acercamiento a la mística-política de Ernst Bloch
Authors: López de Goicoechea Zabala Javier
Published: October 2017

The following essay is an  overview to the works of Ernst Bloch, who contributed to contemporary Marxism. The author of The principie of hope claims for the need for utopia. His thought is characterized by a militant optimism on humankind.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 115, 2008: 163-175
La racionalidad egoísta: condena a la vida
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 116, 2008: 193-197
Adela Cortina. Ética de la razón cordial. Educar en la ciudadanía en el siglo XXI
Authors: Molina Velásquez Carlos
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 116, 2008: 339-341
Ética del bien común y de la responsabilidad solidaria
Authors: Molina Velásquez Carlos
Published: October 2017

This essay is an approach to Franz Hinkelammert’s theoretical proposals, which are philosophic basis to a common good and solidarity in responsibility ethics. Coming from the need of an open, material and historized humanism, the author analyzes the German philosopher’s ethic proposals, showing some interpretation keys that may contribute to renew human rights, the alternative social projects and those appeals we make to our duties and to our liberty.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 117, 2008: 365-393
Políticas sociales y desarrollo: una exploración sociológica
Authors: Alfaro Salvador Orlando
Published: October 2017

In the last two decades, social programs became a mechanism of social control, through which the actors with most power have a strong influence to legitimate their perspectives and ideologies in the poverty zones in a context characterized by a development model inspired in the ruling Neo-Liberalism. In this context, this paper discusses some of the most relevant issues regarding social policies in Latin America and its social effects.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 117, 2008: 463-477
El concepto de la ciencia medieval no es una contradicción de términos
Authors: Miller Katherine
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 117, 2008: 541-550
Crisis financiera internacional: una lectura poco ortodoxa
Authors: Editor El
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 118, 2008: 555-562
Nosotros, los que quedamos atrás. Migración salvadoreña a través de la fotografía de niños y niñas en Arcatao y La Chacra
Authors: Bradley Heather
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 118, 2008: 587-620
La crisis del capitalismo y la importancia actual de Marx 150 años después de los Grundrisse. Entrevista a Eric Hobsbawm
Authors: Musto Marcello
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 118, 2008: 691-696
Katya Mandoki. Prosaica uno. Estética cotidiana y juegos de la cultura
Authors: Alvarenga Luis
Published: October 2017

No abstracts availableRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 118, 2008: 697-699
Motivation for participating in a journal club: Perceptions of the participants
Authors: Blake Stacy , Teegarden Lana , Peacock Ashley , Crumley Janet , Stumpenhaus Ashley , Leone Amber , Conant Jessica , Fullerton Todd , Gachoya Zipporah , Ward-Smith Peggy
Published: October 2017

The purpose of this survey study was to describe the motivation and perceived outcomes from registered nurses (RNs) who participated in a hospital-based journal club. Using a web-based format, data were collected from 40 registered nurses who completed at least one journal club activity in the previous six months. The majority of these participants (78%) disclosed career ladder points as the primary reason for completing the activity. The most frequently cited perceived outcome was an increased desire to provide evidence-based care. Age and number of years as a RN influenced the perception of the benefit of journal club participation.
Communicative performance in the written discourse of undergraduate students: what can literature offer?
Authors: Ugwuanyi Kingsley Oluchi
Published: October 2017

This study examines two groups of students of the University of Nigeria who were taught using two approaches (literature-based and grammar-based) in order to measure the effect of the approaches on their communicative performance. The data comprises 100 essay scripts (50 for each group) qualitatively analysed based on content, expression, organisation and mechanical accuracy; and also quantitatively analysed using SPSS in order to measure the difference between the two groups. The findings show that there are significant differences in the performance of the two groups in favour of the literature-based approach. The study closes with conclusions and recommendations for SLT (Second Language Teaching) pedagogy. The findings of this study supports Krashen’s (1982) Naturalist Approach to language learning, which has far-reaching implications for the field.
Análise dos Atributos Valorizados pelo Consumidor no Mercado Brasileiro do Luxo Acessível
Authors: Bezerra Henrique De Souza , Arruda Dyego De Oliveira , Merlo Edgard Monforte
Published: October 2017

O presente estudo tem como objetivo fundamental identificar quais so os principais atributos valorizados pelos consumidores brasileiros de bens de luxo acessvel. Em suma, entende-se que o luxo acessvel (ou novo luxo) perfaz um mercado composto por uma base de consumidores de classe mdia, que aparentemente desejam expressar um estilo de vida, poder e status por intermdio de suas aes de consumo, mas que no possuem renda suficiente para a compra dos itens tradicionais de luxo que no geral possuem preos elevados. Para se atingir os propsitos do estudo, levantaram-se, a partir de uma extensa reviso de literatura, 32 itens que podem determinar o comportamento dos consumidores de bens de luxo. Como mtodo de anlise de dados, utilizou-se uma anlise fatorial exploratria. Em suma, identificou-se que os consumidores valorizam atributos relacionados s emoes inerentes aos bens de luxo; qualidade e durabilidade dos itens; s relaes sociais que podem ser estabelecidas a partir da posse e uso do bem; ao protagonismo e tradio das marcas; alm da importncia da inovao.
Fatores Sociodemográficos e a Relação com a Aceitação dos Consumidores quanto às Marcas Próprias no Varejo Supermercadista
Authors: Castro Célio Alves , Monteiro Thel Algusto , Giuliani Antonio Carlos , Zaccaria Rosana Borges
Published: October 2017

A adoo de marcas prprias trazem diversos benefcios, em especial, para o varejo supermercadista, contudo, no mercado brasileiro essa estratgia ainda atua de forma embrionria ao se comparar com o Reino Unido considerado o primeiro em marcas prprias nesta categoria. Nesse sentido, atravs de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem quantitativa, o estudo consiste em identificar o perfil do consumidor regular de marcas prprias quanto aceitao de dez categorias de produtos passveis de serem comercializadas no varejo supermercadista sob a perspectiva das principais variveis sociodemogrficas. Foi utilizada a escala Likert aplicada a 167 indivduos no perodo de Abril e Maio de 2016. Alguns estudos avaliam a significncia das relaes entre a aceitao das marcas prprias e variveis sociodemogrficas como idade, gnero, escolaridade e classe socioeconmica, contudo, no fazem recortes por categorias de produtos. Um dos resultados deste estudo refere-se ao fato de que para a amostra pesquisada, as classes socioeconmicas que mais aceitam as marcas prprias de forma geral so as de extremidade, ou seja: A, B1, D e E, sendo que as classes intermedirias apresentaram maior rejeio.
A Miopia Paradigmática e os Jogos da Verdade nas Pesquisas de Marketing
Authors: Andrade Matheus Lemos de , Leite Ramon Silva , Pinto Marcelo De Rezende , Batinga Georgiana Luna
Published: October 2017

Apesar da hegemonia do funcionalismo, o conhecimento sobre Marketing marcado pelas contribuies de diferentes tradies, o que forma um campo multiparadigmtico. Este ensaio trata dos elementos epistemolgicos e paradigmticos envolvidos no processo de construo do conhecimento no intuito de suscitar reflexes referentes a legitimidade e utilidade de pesquisas qualitativas no mbito das investigaes de Marketing. Alm de apresentar procedimentos metodolgicos prprios da pesquisa qualitativa, advoga-se que a anlise epistemolgica-paradigmtica deva preceder as concepes referentes aos procedimentos metodolgicos adotados em uma investigao de Marketing, para que somente assim se possa julgar a legitimidade e a extenso de seus achados.
Hora do Recreio: A Relação de Crianças e Adolescentes com os Alimentos na Perspectiva do Bem-Estar Alimentar
Authors: Rocha Rodolfo Rodrigues , Chaim Daniel Faria , Veloso Andres Rodriguez
Published: October 2017

O presente artigo investiga a relao de crianas e adolescentes com os alimentos na hora do recreio. Essa investigao realizada sob a perspectiva do bem-estar alimentar, que surge em estudos realizados no contexto da Pesquisa Transformativa do Consumidor (PTC). Esta pesquisa exploratria foi desenvolvida utilizando uma combinao de observao no-participante e entrevista em profundidade como tcnicas de coleta de dados. Os dados levantados foram cotejados em relao a cada um dos cinco parmetros do bem-estar alimentar propostos por Bublitz et al. (2011). Este estudo pretende contribuir com o avano da PTC aplicando os parmetros do bem-estar alimentar aos hbitos de crianas e adolescentes em relao aos alimentos na hora do recreio.
A Utilização do Protocolo Verbal Think Aloud para Rastreamento de Processos em Pesquisas Sobre a Tomada de Decisão do Consumidor
Authors: Duarte Nayara Pereira , Korelo José Carlos
Published: October 2017

Este artigo tem como objetivo ilustrar didaticamente a utilizao e fomentar uma reflexo a respeito da utilizao do mtodo de protocolo verbal think aloud para rastreamento de processos em pesquisas sobre a tomada de deciso do consumidor. Diferentemente de mtodos de entrada-sada, cujo uso est consolidado nas pesquisas experimentais sobre o comportamento do consumidor, os mtodos utilizados para rastreamento de processos, entre eles o protocolo verbal think aloud, enfatizam o teste de modelos e hipteses por meio de dados processuais. Definido como mtodo simultneo e no-estruturado de coleta de dados verbais realizado durante a execuo de uma tarefa, cujo procedimento consiste em solicitar aos pesquisados que manifestem em voz alta seus pensamentos, sem, no entanto, interpret-los, o protocolo verbal think aloud defendido por pesquisadores da rea de julgamento e tomada de deciso uma importante fonte de dados em pesquisas a respeito do processo decisrio individual. De acordo com o objetivo geral proposto, o trabalho apresenta uma descrio procedimentos necessrios para a operacionalizao do mtodo think aloud para rastreamento de processos e detalha dois estudos que utilizaram protocolos verbais para investigar a tomada de deciso do consumidor do consumidor publicados em peridicos de marketing.
Working Together to Solve Source Water Nutrient Issues
Authors: Carpenter Adam
Published: October 2017

The Farm Bill, more formally known as the Agricultural Act of 2014 (P.L. 113‐79), is an important existing resource that is largely underused for source water protection. This resource can address water quality concerns from some nonpoint sources in a collaborative manner without the need for additional regulation.
Evaluation Methodology for Ship’s Planned Maintenance System Database
Authors: Stazić Ladislav , Komar Ivan , Račić Nikola
Published: October 2017

The paper describes an evaluation methodology for ship’s Planned Maintenance System database based on the application of a newly created questionnaire and the analysis of the evaluation results received by the questionnaire. The evaluation results of several databases and the analysis of evaluation results are also shown in the paper. The main purpose of the paper is to provide a simple and useful tool for the evaluation of all ships’ Planned Maintenance System databases, which will enable users to examine the data in the database and discover the areas where the database and maintenance can and must be improved. The expected outcome of the described methodology for the evaluation of ship’s Planned Maintenance System database can be described as: - Evaluating ship’s Planned Maintenance System database- Performing ship’s Planned Maintenance System database diagnostics to indicate insufficiencies- Determining the area and mode for ship’s Planned Maintenance System database quality improvement and, consequently, overall improvement of the maintenance and reliability of ships’ systems,- Setting up a standard for the development and evaluation of computerized database for ship’s planned maintenance,- Determining problems which occur during database development and describing complexity of the development process.
Analysis of Available Vessels and Storage Capacities in Case of Large Oil Spill in European Union with Particular Reference to Republic of Croatia
Authors: Slišković Merica , Ukić Helena , Vidan Pero , Jerković Goran
Published: October 2017

Considering the constant growth of maritime transport and the role of the European Union in the international seaborne trade, it is important to determine the readiness of the EU in case of marine pollution. This paper summarizes the data regarding the number of the vessels ready for the response, and immediate and long-term storage facilities for the oily waste collected after an operation on the European Union territory. The aim of the study is to show the current available operational capacities in each Member State, as well as to determine the strength and capacity of five European regions for a prompt and efficient response to an oil spill. This paper seeks to highlight the importance of practical details that should be accessible and well prepared when an oil spill occurs. Based on the analysis of secondary data, it was found out that the Mediterranean area has the largest number of vessels ready for response in case of oil pollution, while the largest storage capacity for oily waste on shore is in the Baltic region. Particular reference is given to the Republic of Croatia which currently has nine available response vessels with the total storage capacity on board of 49.7 m3.
Inter-dependent apical microtubule and actin dynamics orchestrate centrosome retention and neuronal delamination
Authors: Kasioulis Ioannis , Das Raman M , Storey Kate G
Published: October 2017

Detachment of newborn neurons from the neuroepithelium is required for correct neuronal architecture and functional circuitry. This process, also known as delamination, involves adherens-junction disassembly and acto-myosin-mediated abscission, during which the centrosome is retained while apical/ciliary membranes are shed. Cell-biological mechanisms mediating delamination are, however, poorly understood. Using live-tissue and super-resolution imaging, we uncover a centrosome-nucleated wheel-like microtubule configuration, aligned with the apical actin cable and adherens-junctions within chick and mouse neuroepithelial cells. These microtubules maintain adherens-junctions while actin maintains microtubules, adherens-junctions and apical end-foot dimensions. During neuronal delamination, acto-myosin constriction generates a tunnel-like actin-microtubule configuration through which the centrosome translocates. This movement requires inter-dependent actin and microtubule activity, and we identify drebrin as a potential coordinator of these cytoskeletal dynamics. Furthermore, centrosome compromise revealed that this organelle is required for delamination. These findings identify new cytoskeletal configurations and regulatory relationships that orchestrate neuronal delamination and may inform mechanisms underlying pathological epithelial cell detachment.
Phylogenetic signal at the Cytb-SertRNA-IG1-ND1 mitochondrial region in Anopheles (Kerteszia) neivai Howard, Dyar & Knab, 1913
Authors: López-Rubio Andrés , Suaza Juan David , Porter Charles , Uribe Sandra , Bedoya Gabriel , Vélez Iván Darío
Published: October 2017

Introducción. El ADN mitocondrial ha demostrado su utilidad para el estudio de la evolución en los insectos. Existen algunos genes mitocondriales como el citocromo b (Cytb) y el gen de transferencia para el aminoácido serina (SertRNA) que pueden usarse en el diagnóstico de especies estrechamente relacionadas.Objetivo. Explorar la utilidad filogenética de la región Cytb-SertRNA-IG1-ND1 para detectar posibles especies crípticas en Anopheles neivai.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron especímenes en Colombia, Guatemala y en la localidad tipo en Panamá, los cuales se secuenciaron y se compararon mediante el polimorfismo de ADN en toda la región y mediante la simulación de estructuras secundarias del gen SertRNA.Resultados. Se obtuvieron las secuencias de especímenes de A. neivai (34) y A. pholidotus (2).Conclusiones. Se detectaron algunos polimorfismos para la regiónCytb-SertRNA-IG1-ND1 en A. neivai, pero no así especies crípticas.
Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894) infected with the American-Asian genotype of dengue type 2 virus in Medellín suggests its possible role as vector of dengue fever in Colombia
Authors: Gómez-Palacio Andrés , Suaza-Vasco Juan , Castaño Sandra , Triana Omar , Uribe Sandra
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Aedes aegypti y Ae. albopictus son reconocidos vectores de arbovirus como los del dengue, la fiebre amarilla, el chikungunya y el Zika, en regiones tropicales y subtropicales del mundo. En Colombia, la distribución geográfica de Ae. albopictus ha sufrido un incremento y hoy incluye ciudades como Cali y Medellín. Hasta ahora, sin embargo, no se ha recabado información concluyente sobre su infección viral y su capacidad de transmisión a los humanos.Objetivo. Determinar la infección natural por dengue en ejemplares de Ae. albopictus recolectados en un área urbana de Medellín.Materiales y métodos. Se recolectaron individuos de Ae. albopictus en el campus de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia, sede Medellín. Se confirmó su clasificación taxonómica mediante el análisis del gen citocromo oxidasa I (COI), y se extrajo el ARN total para la identificación del virus del dengue y de los respectivos serotipos. La presencia del genotipo DENV se infirió mediante el análisis del gen NS3.Resultados. El análisis del COI corroboró el estatus taxonómico de Ae. albopictus. Uno de los mosquitos procesados fue positivo para DENV-2 y el análisis del NS3 mostró una gran similitud con el genotipo asiático-americano.Conclusión. Se reporta la infección con DENV-2 en Ae. albopictus en Medellín, Colombia. La presencia del genotipo asiático-americano en una zona urbana sugiere su posible circulación entre humanos y en Ae. albopictus, lo cual alerta sobre su eventual papel en la transmisión del DENV-2, y sobre la necesidad de incluir esta especie en la vigilancia entomológica en Colombia.
Spatio-temporal analysis of the biophysical and ecological conditions of Triatoma dimidiata (Hemiptera: Reduviidae: Triatominae) in the northeast region of Colombia
Authors: Badel-Mogollón Jaime , Rodríguez-Figueroa Laura , Parra-Henao Gabriel
Published: October 2017

Introducción. Ante el desconocimiento del contexto espacio-temporal de las condiciones biofísicas (hidrometereológicas y de densidad de la cobertura vegetal) de las zonas con presencia deTriatoma dimidiata en Santander y Boyacá, es necesario dilucidar los patrones asociados con estas variables para determinar su distribución y control.Objetivo. Hacer el análisis espacio-temporal de las variables biofísicas relacionadas con la distribución de Triatoma dimidiata de los departamentos de Santander y Boyacá en la región nororiental de Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Se utilizaron las bases de datos de los registros de presencia deT. dimidiata y de factores hidrometereológicos del Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) del Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC. Se estudiaron las variables de temperatura, humedad relativa, pluviosidad y densidad de la cobertura vegetal a nivel regional y local, se hizo el análisis espacial y el geoestadístico, así como el análisis estadístico descriptivo y temporal de las series de Fourier.Resultados. En las áreas con mayor presencia de T. dimidiata, las temperaturas a dos metros del suelo y en suelo cubierto oscilaron entre 14,5 y 18,8 °C, y la temperatura ambiente fue de 30 a 32 °C. La densidad de la cobertura vegetal y la pluviosidad en las áreas de mayor presencia de T. dimidiata exhibieron patrones de picos anuales y bienales. Los valores de la humedad relativa fluctuaron entre 66,8 y 85,1 %.Conclusiones. Las temperaturas a nivel de superficie y a dos metros del suelo fueron las variables determinantes de la distribución espacio-temporal de T. dimidiata. La elevada humedad relativa incentivó la búsqueda de refugios e incrementó la distribución geográfica en los picos anual y bienal de pluviosidad a nivel regional. Las condiciones ecológicas y antrópicas sugieren que T. dimidiata es una especie de gran resiliencia.
Oxygen-limited metabolism in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1C
Authors: Gilman Alexey , Fu Yanfen , Hendershott Melissa , Chu Frances , Puri Aaron W. , Smith Amanda Lee , Pesesky Mitchell , Lieberman Rose , Beck David A.C. , Lidstrom Mary E.
Published: October 2017

The bacteria that grow on methane aerobically (methanotrophs) support populations of non-methanotrophs in the natural environment by excreting methane-derived carbon. One group of excreted compounds are short-chain organic acids, generated in highest abundance when cultures are grown under O2-starvation. We examined this O2-starvation condition in the methanotroph Methylomicrobium buryatense 5GB1. The M. buryatense 5GB1 genome contains homologs for all enzymes necessary for a fermentative metabolism, and we hypothesize that a metabolic switch to fermentation can be induced by low-O2 conditions. Under prolonged O2-starvation in a closed vial, this methanotroph increases the amount of acetate excreted about 10-fold, but the formate, lactate, and succinate excreted do not respond to this culture condition. In bioreactor cultures, the amount of each excreted product is similar across a range of growth rates and limiting substrates, including O2-limitation. A set of mutants were generated in genes predicted to be involved in generating or regulating excretion of these compounds and tested for growth defects, and changes in excretion products. The phenotypes and associated metabolic flux modeling suggested that in M. buryatense 5GB1, formate and acetate are excreted in response to redox imbalance. Our results indicate that even under O2-starvation conditions, M. buryatense 5GB1 maintains a metabolic state representing a combination of fermentation and respiration metabolism.
The Iceland Plate Boundary Zone: Propagating Rifts, Migrating Transforms, and Rift‐Parallel Strike‐Slip Faults
Authors: Karson J. A.
Published: October 2017

Unlike most of the Mid‐Atlantic Ridge, the North America/Eurasia plate boundary in Iceland lies above sea level where magmatic and tectonic processes can be directly investigated in subaerial exposures. Accordingly, geologic processes in Iceland have long been recognized as possible analogs for seafloor spreading in the submerged parts of the mid‐ocean ridge system. Combining existing and new data from across Iceland provides an integrated view of this active, mostly subaerial plate boundary. The broad Iceland plate boundary zone includes segmented rift zones linked by transform fault zones. Rift propagation and transform fault migration away from the Iceland hotspot rearrange the plate boundary configuration resulting in widespread deformation of older crust and reactivation of spreading‐related structures. Rift propagation results in block rotations that are accommodated by widespread, rift‐parallel, strike‐slip faulting. The geometry and kinematics of faulting in Iceland may have implications for spreading processes elsewhere on the mid‐ocean ridge system where rift propagation and transform migration occur.
Ammonia in Jupiter's Troposphere From High‐Resolution 5 μm Spectroscopy
Authors: Giles Rohini S. , Fletcher Leigh N. , Irwin Patrick G. J. , Orton Glenn S. , Sinclair James A.
Published: October 2017

Jupiter's tropospheric ammonia (NH3) abundance is studied using spatially resolved 5 μm observations from the cryogenic high‐resolution infrared spectrograph (CRIRES) at the European Southern Observatory's Very Large Telescope. The high‐resolving power (R = 96,000) allows the line shapes of three NH3 absorption features to be resolved. We find that within the 1–4 bar pressure range, the NH3 abundance decreases with altitude. The instrument slit was aligned north‐south along Jupiter's central meridian, allowing us to search for latitudinal variability. There is considerable uncertainty in the large‐scale latitudinal variability, as the increase in cloud opacity in zones compared to belts can mask absorption features. However, we do find evidence for a strong NH3 enhancement at 4–6°N, consistent with a localized “ammonia plume” on the southern edge of Jupiter's North Equatorial Belt.
Laboratory Measurements of X‐Ray Emissions From Centimeter‐Long Streamer Corona Discharges
Authors: da Silva C. L. , Millan R. M. , McGaw D. G. , Yu C. T. , Putter A. S. , LaBelle J. , Dwyer J.
Published: October 2017

We provide extensive evidence that runaway electron acceleration and subsequent bremsstrahlung X‐ray emission are a common feature in negative electrical discharges with voltages as low as 100 kV, indicating that all negative lightning could potentially produce runaway electrons. Centimeter long streamer corona discharges produce bursts of X‐ray radiation, emitted by a source highly compact in space and time, leading to photon pileup. Median photon burst energies vary between 33 and 96 keV in 100 kV discharges. Statistical analysis of 5,000+ discharges shows that X‐rays are observed in as many as 60% of the triggers, depending on the configuration. X‐ray detection is more frequent when streamers are not followed by a spark, the detector is oriented perpendicular to the gap, and a thicker anode is used. In an 8‐cm‐long gap, X‐rays are produced when runaway electrons hit the anode, and the electron acceleration is not necessarily correlated with streamer collisions.
Collision‐Induced Melting in Collisions of Water Ice Nanograins: Strong Deformations and Prevention of Bouncing
Authors: Nietiadi Maureen L. , Umstätter Philipp , Alabd Alhafez Iyad , Rosandi Yudi , Bringa Eduardo M. , Urbassek Herbert M.
Published: October 2017

Collisions between ice grains are ubiquitous in the outer solar system. The mechanics of such collisions is traditionally described by the elastic contact theory of adhesive spheres. Here we use molecular dynamics simulations to study collisions between nanometer‐sized amorphous water ice grains. We demonstrate that the collision‐induced heating leads to grain melting in the interface of the colliding grains. The large lateral deformations and grain sticking induced considerably modify available macroscopic collision models. We report on systematic increases of the contact radius, strong grain deformations, and the prevention of grain bouncing.
Why and How to Write a High‐Impact Review Paper: Lessons From Eight Years of Editorial Board Service to Reviews of Geophysics
Authors: Moldwin Mark B. , Florindo Fabio , Okin Gregory , Robock Alan , Rohling Eelco J. , Cardenas Bayani , Carlton Annmarie , Chen Kate Huihsuan , Crucifix Michel , Gettelman Andrew , Hubbard Alun , Katsura Tomoo , Painter Thomas H.
Published: October 2017

High‐impact review papers describe and synthesize the current state of the art, the open questions and controversies, and provide ideas for future investigations. They are written not only for a specific scientific discipline but also for the broader Earth and space science community. They not only summarize the literature, but they also create a framework from which to understand the progress, problems, and connections between different communities, observations, models, and approaches. Here we describe how to write a high‐impact review paper, and why you should consider writing one for Reviews of Geophysics.
Probabilistic Solar Wind Forecasting Using Large Ensembles of Near‐Sun Conditions With a Simple One‐Dimensional “Upwind” Scheme
Authors: Owens Mathew J. , Riley Pete
Published: October 2017

Long lead‐time space‐weather forecasting requires accurate prediction of the near‐Earth solar wind. The current state of the art uses a coronal model to extrapolate the observed photospheric magnetic field to the upper corona, where it is related to solar wind speed through empirical relations. These near‐Sun solar wind and magnetic field conditions provide the inner boundary condition to three‐dimensional numerical magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models of the heliosphere out to 1 AU. This physics‐based approach can capture dynamic processes within the solar wind, which affect the resulting conditions in near‐Earth space. However, this deterministic approach lacks a quantification of forecast uncertainty. Here we describe a complementary method to exploit the near‐Sun solar wind information produced by coronal models and provide a quantitative estimate of forecast uncertainty. By sampling the near‐Sun solar wind speed at a range of latitudes about the sub‐Earth point, we produce a large ensemble (N = 576) of time series at the base of the Sun‐Earth line. Propagating these conditions to Earth by a three‐dimensional MHD model would be computationally prohibitive; thus, a computationally efficient one‐dimensional “upwind” scheme is used. The variance in the resulting near‐Earth solar wind speed ensemble is shown to provide an accurate measure of the forecast uncertainty. Applying this technique over 1996–2016, the upwind ensemble is found to provide a more “actionable” forecast than a single deterministic forecast; potential economic value is increased for all operational scenarios, but particularly when false alarms are important (i.e., where the cost of taking mitigating action is relatively large).
A Statistical Graphical Model of the California Reservoir System
Authors: Taeb A. , Reager J. T. , Turmon M. , Chandrasekaran V.
Published: October 2017

The recent California drought has highlighted the potential vulnerability of the state's water management infrastructure to multiyear dry intervals. Due to the high complexity of the network, dynamic storage changes in California reservoirs on a state‐wide scale have previously been difficult to model using either traditional statistical or physical approaches. Indeed, although there is a significant line of research on exploring models for single (or a small number of) reservoirs, these approaches are not amenable to a system‐wide modeling of the California reservoir network due to the spatial and hydrological heterogeneities of the system. In this work, we develop a state‐wide statistical graphical model to characterize the dependencies among a collection of 55 major California reservoirs across the state; this model is defined with respect to a graph in which the nodes index reservoirs and the edges specify the relationships or dependencies between reservoirs. We obtain and validate this model in a data‐driven manner based on reservoir volumes over the period 2003–2016. A key feature of our framework is a quantification of the effects of external phenomena that influence the entire reservoir network. We further characterize the degree to which physical factors (e.g., state‐wide Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), average temperature, snow pack) and economic factors (e.g., consumer price index, number of agricultural workers) explain these external influences. As a consequence of this analysis, we obtain a system‐wide health diagnosis of the reservoir network as a function of PDSI.
Template Curvature Influences Cell Alignment to Create Improved Human Corneal Tissue Equivalents
Authors: Gouveia Ricardo M. , Koudouna Elena , Jester James , Figueiredo Francisco , Connon Che J.
Published: October 2017

To accurately create corneal stromal equivalents with native‐like structure and composition, a new biofunctionalized, curved template is developed that allows the precise orientation of cells and of their extracellular matrix. This template is the first demonstration that curvature alone is sufficient to induce the alignment of human corneal stromal cells, which in turn are able to biofabricate stromal tissue equivalents with cornea‐like shape and composition. Specifically, tissues self‐released from curved templates show a highly organized nanostructure, comprised of aligned collagen fibrils, significantly higher expression of corneal stroma‐characteristic markers keratocan, lumican, decorin, ALDH3, and CHST6 (p = 0.012, 0.033, 0.029, 0.003, and 0.02, respectively), as well as significantly higher elastic modulus (p = 0.0001) compared with their planar counterparts. Moreover, curved tissues are shown to support the growth, stratification, and differentiation of human corneal epithelial cells in vitro, while maintaining their structural integrity and shape without any supporting carriers, scaffolds, or crosslinking agents. Together, these results demonstrate that corneal stromal cells can align and create highly organized, purposeful tissues by the influence of substrate curvature alone, and without the need of additional topographical cues. These findings can be important to further understand the mechanisms of corneal biosynthesis both in vitro and in vivo.
Fragmentation of α Grains Accelerated by the Growth of β Phase in Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr during Hot Deformation
Authors: Sun Jin‐Zhao , Li Miao‐Quan , Li Hong
Published: October 2017

The fragmentation of elongated α grains accelerated by the growth of β phase in Ti–5Al–2Sn–2Zr–4Mo–4Cr during hot deformation was examined using electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was determined that boundary splitting resulted in the fragmentation of αE. The kinked sharp α grains, which were formed with help of “civilian” growth of β phase, are necessary structures for the fragmentation of elongated α grains. In addition, the texture results showed an initial deviation from Burgers orientation relationship (OR) in α/β interphase boundaries, indicating that the “civilian” growth of the β phase based on the pre‐existing β grain boundaries implied a constant loss of coherency in α/β interphase boundaries, which also accelerated the fragmentation of elongated α grains.