bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pilot Study of Repeated Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Patients with Mild Alzheimer's Disease with an Implantable Ultrasound Device
Authors: Epelbaum Stephane , Burgos Ninon , Canney Michael , Matthews Dawn , Houot Marion , Santin Mathieu D. , Desseaux Carole , Bouchoux Guillaume , Stroer Sebastian , Martin Cyril , Habert Marie-Odile , Levy Marcel , Bah Aicha , Martin Karine , Delatour Benoît , Riche Maximilien , Dubois Bruno , Belin Lisa , Carpentier Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Background: Temporary disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using pulsed ultrasound leads to the clearance of both amyloid and tau from the brain, increased neurogenesis, and mitigation of cognitive decline in pre-clinical models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) while also increasing BBB penetration of therapeutic antibodies. The goal of this pilot clinical trial was to investigate the safety and the efficacy of this approach in patients with mild AD using an implantable ultrasound device.Methods: An implantable, 1 MHz ultrasound device (SonoCloud-1) was extradurally implanted under local anesthesia in the skull of 10 mild AD patients to target the left supra-marginal gyrus. Over 3.5 months, seven ultrasound sessions in combination with intravenous infusion of microbubbles were performed twice per month to temporarily disrupt the BBB. 18F-Florbetapir and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET) imaging were performed on a combined PET/MRI scanner at inclusion and at four and eight months after initiation of sonications to monitor brain metabolism and amyloid levels along with cognitive evaluations. Evolution of cognitive and neuroimaging features were compared to that of a matched sample of control participants.Results: A total of 63 BBB opening procedures were performed in nine subjects. The procedure was well-tolerated. A non-significant decrease in amyloid accumulation at four months of -6.6% (SD=7.2%) on 18F-Florbetapir PET imaging in the sonicated gray matter targeted by the ultrasound transducer was observed compared to baseline in six subjects that completed treatments and who had evaluable imaging scans. No differences in longitudinal change in glucose metabolism were observed compared to neighboring or contralateral regions or to the change observed in the same region in ADNI participants. No significant effect on cognition evolution was observed in comparison to the ADNI participants as expected due to the small sample size and duration of the trial.Conclusions: These results demonstrate the safety of ultrasound-based BBB disruption and potential of this technology to be used as a therapy for AD patients. They support further research of this technique in a larger clinical trial with a device designed to sonicate larger volumes of tissue and in combination with disease modifying drugs to further enhance the effects observed. Trial registration: NCT03119961 (clinicaltrials.gov)
Research On Deformation Mechanism and Load Effects of Three-Roller Bending Process For Large Gear Teeth Profile
Authors: Feng Zhiyan , Zhao Shengdun , Fei Liangyu , Xu Hongtu , Zhou Hao
Published: October 2021

Aiming at the problems of large amount of material cutting waste or large forming load when large gear profile forming adopts overall cutting or precision forging process, this paper proposed a three-roller bending process(TRBP) for large gear teeth profile, and analyzed the deformation mechanism of the rack bending, meanwhile the gear chain for roll forming was designed. Finite element analysis(FEA) was carried out to numerically simulate the load effects of both precision forging process and the TRBP for the large gear teeth profile in 17CrNiMo6. The effects of deformation force and strain of TRBP for large gear teeth profile were analyzed. The results showed that as the deformation temperature and speed increase, the deformation force and strain required by the gear profile gradually changes. And the reasonable parameter of TRBP is around 750°C of deformation temperature and 0.5mm · s-1 of speed. Compared with the precision forging process under same boundary conditions, the deformation force of the gear profile TRBP has decreased by about 99% which could significantly reduce the tonnage requirement of deforming equipment.
Adaptive Evolution and Phylogenetic Analyses in Pinellia based on Chloroplast Genomes
Authors: Cui Ning , Chen Weixu , Li Xiwen , Wang Ping
Published: October 2021

Background Pinellia Tenore (Araceae) is a genus of perennial herbaceous plants, all of which have medicinal value. The chloroplast (cp) genome data of Pinellia are scarce, and the phylogenetic relationship and gene evolution remain unclear. Methods and results In this study, we sequenced and annotated the Pinellia pedatisecta cp genome and combined it with previously published genomes for other Pinellia species. We used bioinformatics methods to analyse the genomic structure, repetitive sequences, interspecific variation, divergence hotspots, phylogenetic relationships, divergence time estimation and selective pressure of four Pinellia plastomes. Results showed that the cp genomes of Pinellia varied in length between 168,178 (P. pedatisecta MN046890) and 164,013 bp (P. ternata KR270823). A total of 68–111 SSR loci were identified as candidate molecular markers for further genetic diversity study. Eight mutational hotspot regions were determined, including psbI-trnG-UCC, psbM-rpoB, ndhJ-trnT-UGU, trnP-UGG-trnW-CCA, ndhF-trnN-GUU, ndhG-ndhE, ycf1-rps15 and trnR-ycf1. Gene selection pressure suggested that four genes were subjected to positive selection. Phylogenetic inferences based on the complete cp genomes and their protein-coding sequences revealed a sister relationship between Pinellia and Arisaema plants whose divergence was estimated to occur around 22.48 million years ago. All Pinellia plants formed a monophyletic evolutionary clade in which P. peltata, rather than P. pedatisecta, earlier diverged, indicating that P. pedatisecta is not the basal taxon of Pinellia but P. peltata may be. Conclusions The cp genomes of Pinellia will provide valuable information for species classification, identification, molecular breeding and evolutionary exploration of the genus Pinellia.
TCN1 is a Potential Prognostic Biomarker and Correlates with Immune Infiltrates in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Haining , Guo Liping , Cai Zhigang
Published: October 2021

Background: Around the world Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. Lung adenocarcinomas are among the most common diagnosed forms of lung cancer, whose overall survival has not improved significantly, which makes finding an effective therapeutic target vital. Transcobalamin (TCN1) is a vitamin B12 binding protein which regulates cobalamin homeostasis. In tumor tissues, TCN1 is expressed highly, and its expression is correlated with cancer aggressiveness and poor prognosis according to recent studies and bioinformatic analyses. However, its effect on lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is unknown. Methods: We evaluated whether TCN1 shows diagnostic and prognostic value in LUAD using bioinformatic analysis. In particularly, various databases and analysis tools were used to determine TCN1’s relationship with LUAD, including TCGA, GTEx, GEO, STRING and TISIDB. Results: As compared to normal lung tissue, the level of TCN1 expression in LUAD tissues was significantly higher. According to univariate Cox statistics, high expression levels of TCN1 correlate with poor OS (overall survival) in LUAD. Moreover, based on a multivariate Cox analysis, TCN1 expression was independently correlated with OS. GO/KEGG and GSEA indicated enrichment in epidermal cell differentiation, keratinocyte differentiation, neuroactive ligand receptor interaction, epithelial mesenchymal transition and TNFA signaling via NFKB. Furthermore, TCN1 is associated with immune infiltration based on an analysis of immune cell infiltration. Conclusions: In summary, TCN1 could be used as a prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and provide deeper perspectives for the development of therapies and prognostic markers in LUAD.
Hydrophobic Adsorbent Prepared from Spent Methanol-to-propylene Catalyst for Directional Adsorption of High COD Oily Wastewater
Authors: Yong Xiaojing , Su Hui , Zhao Nana , Jin Zhengwei , Yao Min , Ma Yulong
Published: October 2021

Spent methanol-to-propylene (MTP) catalysts have a large specific surface area and high porosity but are usually disposed of in landfills directly, and recycling has rarely been reported. In this study, the spent MTP catalyst was moderately dealuminized with organic acids and etched with alkali solvent to increase its specific surface area, further silanized by octyl triethoxy silane (OTS). A novel superhydrophobic adsorbent covered with -Si(CH2)7CH3 groups was obtained. The characterization of XRD, SEM, FTIR and XPS shows that the adsorbent maintains a typical ZSM-5 zeolite structure, and the -Si(CH2)7CH3 group is successfully grafted into the sample, not only on the surface but also in some pore space. Taking high chemical oxygen demand (COD) wastewater as the object, the influence of contract time and pH temperature on COD removal was investigated. The removal process could be better depicted by the Langmuir isotherm model and the pseudo second-order dynamic model; moreover, the results of the thermodynamic study (∆G is −79.35 kJ/mol, ∆S is 423.68 J/mol∙K, and ∆H is 46.91 kJ/mol) show that the adsorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. These findings indicate that the modified spent MTP catalyst has potential application for the removal of COD from wastewater.
The Cost-effectiveness of Improving Indoor Air Ventilation for the Prevention of Covid-19 in Commercial Spaces
Authors: Zafari Zafar , de Oliveira Pedro M. , Gkantonas Savvas , Ezeh Chinenye , Muennig Peter Alexander
Published: October 2021

Objective: Airborne infection from aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 poses an economic challenge for the large number of small businesses without existing heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems. Standalone units have been recommended, but are costly and may not achieve adequate air exchange to prevent infection.Study design: Cost-effectiveness analysis with Monte Carlo simulation.Methods: We built a probabilistic decision-analytic model in a Monte Carlo simulation that examines aerosol transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in an indoor space. As a case study, we modeled a poorly ventilated indoor restaurant. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of improving ventilation rate to 12 air changes per hour (ACH), the equivalent of hospital-grade filtration systems used in emergency departments. Our base-case scenario assumes that the mean year-round prevalence of actively infectious cases in the community surrounding the restaurant is 1%, and that 50% of patrons were fully vaccinated. Our best-case scenario assumes a community prevalence of 0.1% and 70% of patrons vaccinated, and our worst-case scenario assumes a community prevalence of 2% and 0% of patrons vaccinated. We also provide a customizable online tool.Results: All 3 scenarios resulted in a net cost-savings and infections averted. For the base-case scenario, improving ventilation to 12 ACH was associated with 33 (95% Credible Interval [CrI]: 18-50) aerosol infections averted over one year, producing an estimated cost savings of -$97,467 (95% CrI: -$156,760, -$50,877) and 0.84 (95% CrI: 0.46, 1.40) quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) gained. Conclusions: It is cost-effective to improve indoor ventilation in small businesses in older buildings that lack HVAC systems during the pandemic.
Diagnostic Value of NT-proBNP and Left Ventricular Filling Pressure in Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) Patients with Acute Decompensated Heart Failure
Authors: Mansur Abeera , Zartash Syeda Huma , Rasool Zain , Sarwar Shahbaz , Nadeem Nimra , Saleem Sidra
Published: October 2021

BackgroundThe diagnosis of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF) in Chronic Kidney Disease(CKD) patients is complex, NT-pro BNP interpretation in such a setting is complicated. The aim of this study is to determine the cutoff for NT-proBNP in CKD patients with ADHF. Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, 85 hospitalized patients were evaluated, 66 had CKD. All patients had clinical evidence of volume overload. NT-proBNP and eGFR were assessed in all patients. Left Ventricular Filling Pressure (LVFP) was measured to confirm the diagnosis of ADHF. Results: NT-proBNP was higher in volume overloaded patients with age more than 75 years as compared to those less than 75 years. NT-proBNP was higher in patients with CKD compared to non CKD patients. NT-proBNP progressively increased according to the CKD stage. The cutoff of NT- proBNP in patients with clinical evidence of volume overload and CKD was 1750 pg/ml and 2760 pg/ml in patients with high LVFP. In CKD patients with clinical volume overload and a high LVFP the NT-proBNP cutoff value was 3737pg/ml. There was a positive correlation of NT-BNP with LVFP and diastolic dysfunction. Conclusion: NT-proBNP has utility for the diagnosis of ADHF. It is higher in the CKD population and rises progressively with CKD stages. The cutoff for the diagnosis of ADHF in CKD patients is 3737 pg/ml in the setting of confirmed evidence of ADHF with a high LVFP.
“The DEA Would Come In And Destroy You”: A Qualitative Study of Fear And Unintended Consequences Emerging From Restrictive Opioid Prescribing Policies In West Virginia
Authors: Sedney Cara L , Haggerty Treah , Dekeseredy Patricia , Nwafor Divine , Caretta Martina Angela , Brownstein Henry H. , Pollini Robin A
Published: October 2021

Background: West Virginia has one of the highest rates of opioid overdose related deaths, and is known as the epicenter of the opioid crisis in the United States. In an effort to reduce opioid-related harms, SB 273 was signed in 2018, and aimed to restrict opioid prescribing in West Virginia. SB 273 was enacted during a time when physician arrests and convictions had been increasing for years and were becoming more prevalent and more publicized. This study aims to better understand the impact of the legislation on patients and providers.Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted for a qualitative content analysis with 20 general practitioners and specialists practicing throughout West Virginia.Results: Four themes emerged, 1. Fear of disciplinary action, 2. Exacerbation of opioid prescribing fear due to restrictive legislation, 3. Resulting care shifts and treatment gaps, and 4. Conversion to illicit substances. The clinicians recognized the harms of inappropriate prescribing and how this could affect their patients. Decreases in opioid prescribing were already occurring prior to the law implementation. Disciplinary actions against opioid prescribers and restrictive opioid prescribing policies contributed to prescriber fear and shifts in care that led to forced tapering and opioid under-prescribing. Providers felt that taking on patients who legitimately required opioids could jeopardize their career. Conclusion: A wholistic and patient-centered approach should be taken by legislative and disciplinary bodies to ensure patients are not abandoned when disciplinary actions are taken against prescribers or new legislation is passed.
The Landscape of Receptor-Mediated Precision Cancer Combination Therapy: A Single-Cell Perspective
Authors: Ahmadi Saba , Sukprasert Pattara , Vegesna Rahulsimham , Sinha Sanju , Schischlik Fiorella , Artzi Natalie , Khuller Samir , Schäffer Alejandro , Ruppin Eytan
Published: October 2021

The availability of single-cell transcriptomics data opens new opportunities for rational design of combination cancer treatments. Mining such data, we employed combinatorial optimization techniques to explore the landscape of optimal combination therapies in solid tumors including brain, head and neck, melanoma, lung, breast and colon cancers. We assume that each individual therapy can target any one of 1269 genes encoding cell surface receptors, which may be targets of CAR-T, conjugated antibodies or coated nanoparticle therapies. As a baseline case, we studied the killing of at least 80% of the tumor cells while sparing more than 90% of the non-tumor cells in each patient, as a putative regimen. We find that in most cancer types, personalized combinations composed of at most four targets are then sufficient. However, the number of distinct targets that one would need to assemble to treat all patients in a cohort accordingly would be around 10 in most cases. Further requiring that the target genes be also lowly expressed in healthy tissues uncovers qualitatively similar trends. However, as one asks for more stringent and selective killing beyond the baseline regimen we focused on, we find that the number of targets needed rises rapidly. Emerging individual promising receptor targets include PTPRZ1, which is frequently found in the optimal combinations for brain and head and neck cancers, and EGFR, a recurring target in multiple tumor types. In sum, this systematic single-cell based characterization of the landscape of combinatorial receptor-mediated cancer treatments establishes first of their kind estimates on the number of targets needed, identifying promising ones for future development.
Design and Algorithm of Intelligent Manufacturing Evaluation Model Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Li Xianwang , Huang Zhongxiang , Ning Wenhui
Published: October 2021

Machine learning is gradually developed and applied to more and more fields. Intelligent manufacturing system is also an important system model that many companies and enterprises are designing and implementing. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and analyze the model design of Intelligent Manufacturing System Based on machine learning algorithm. The method of this study is to first obtain all the relevant attributes of the intelligent manufacturing system model, and then use machine learning algorithm to delete irrelevant attributes to prevent redundancy and deviation of neural network fitting, make the original probability distribution as close as possible to the distribution when using the selected attributes, and use the ratio of industry average to quantitative expression for measurable and obvious data indicators. As a result, the average running time of the intelligent manufacturing system is 17.35 seconds, and the genetic algorithm occupies 15.63 seconds. The machine learning network takes up 1.72 seconds. Under the machine learning algorithm, the training speed is very high, obviously higher than that of the genetic algorithm, and the BP network is 2.1% higher than the Elman algorithm. The evaluation running speed of the system model design is fast and the accuracy is high. This study provides a certain value for the model design evaluation and algorithm of various systems in the intelligent era.
Response Assessment After Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Spine and Non-spine Bone Metastases: Results From a Single Institutional Study
Authors: Correia Dora , Moullet Barbara , Cullmann Jennifer , Heiss Rafael , Ermiş Ekin , Aebersold Daniel Matthias , Hemmatazad Hossein
Published: October 2021

Background The use of stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for tumor- and pain control in patients with bone metastases is increasing. Here, we report response assessment after bone SBRT using radiological changes through time and clinical examination of patients. MethodsWe analyzed retrospectively the oligo-metastatic/progressive patients with bony lesions treated with SBRT between 12/2008 and 10/2018 in our institution. Radiological data were obtained from imaging modalities used for SBRT planning and follow-up (FU) purposes in PACS and assessed by two independent radiologists blind to the time of treatment. Several radiological changes were described. Radiographic response assessment was classified according to University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center criteria. Pain response was captured pre- and >= 6 months post-SBRT.ResultsA total of 35 of the 74 reviewed patients were eligible, presenting 43 bone metastases, with 51.2% (n=22) located in vertebral column. Median age at the time of SBRT was 66 years (range, 38-84), and 77.1% (n=27) were male. Histology was mainly prostate (51.4%, n=18) and breast cancer (14.3%, n=5). Median total radiation dose delivered was 24 Gy (range: 24-42), in three fractions (range: 2-7), prescribed to 70 - 90% isodose-line. After a median FU of 1.8 years (range, 0.1-8.2) for survivors, complete-/ partial response, stable (SD), and progressive disease occurred in 0%, 11.4% (n=4), 68.6% (n=24) and 20.0% (n=7) of the patients respectively. Twenty patients (57.1%) died during the FU time, all from disease progression, yet 70% (n=14) from this population with local SD after SBRT. From patients who were symptomatic and available for FU, almost 50% reported pain reduction after SBRT.ConclusionsEighty percent of the patients showed local control (LC) after SBRT for bone metastases. Pain response was favorable. For more accurate response assessment, comparing current imaging modalities with advanced imaging techniques such as functional MRI and PET-CT is warranted.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered.
BAND AND PONTIC: A MODIFIED BAND AND LOOP SPACE MAINTAINER - CLINICAL INNOVATION
Authors:   Senior Resident, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, S.C.B Dental College and Hospital Cuttack - 753007, India., Solaman Simon Louis , U. Deepika ,   Senior Resident, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, S.C.B Dental College and Hospital Cuttack - 753007, India., Philip Shilpa ,   Post Graduate Student, Manuscriptediting, Review Dept of Periodontics and Implantology, Mahatma Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Dental Sciences, Puducherry, 605006, India., Tarenia Silpa ,   Senior Resident, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, S.C.B Dental College and Hospital Cuttack - 753007, India., Mahakur Manoranjan ,   Senior Resident, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, S.C.B Dental College and Hospital Cuttack - 753007, India., L Krishnaveni ,   Post Graduate Student, Dept of Pediatric and Preventive dentistry, S.C.B Dental College and Hospital Cuttack - 753007, India.
Published: October 2021

Primary teeth play an important role in preventing malocclusion of permanent dentition.When there is prematureloss of primary teeth, the space shouldbe maintained for preserving the arch integrity and preventing space loss. Space maintainers are the treatment of choice in such conditions. The fixed space maintainers are usually indicated to maintain the space created by unilateral/bilateral premature loss of primary teeth in either of the arches.In this clinical scenario, we have modified the band and loop spacemaintainer with a pontic to make it a functional space maintainer.
ANATOMICAL STUDIES ON THE CRANIAL NERVES AND CRANIAL GANGLIA OF ANGUILLA ANGUILLA (LINNAEUS, 1758) EYE MUSCLE NERVES
Authors:   Department of Zoology & Entomology- Faculty of Science- Helwan University., F. Mattar Shimaa , S. Ali Rania ,   Department of Zoology & Entomology- Faculty of Science- Helwan University., M. Ibrahim Nehad ,   Department of Zoology & Entomology- Faculty of Science- Helwan University., I. Dakrory Ahmed ,   Department of Zoology- Faculty of Science- Cairo University.
Published: October 2021

The aim of this study is to analyze the ocular muscle nerves and the ciliary ganglion of the anguillid fish Anguilla anguilla. The ocular muscle nerves comprise the nervi oculomotorius, trochlearis and abducens. The oculomotor nerve leaves the cranial cavity together with the nervus abducens through a common foramen. It innervates four eye muscles rectus superior, rectus inferior, rectus medialis and the obliquus inferior muscles. It carries pure somatic motor fibers and visceromotor (parasympathetic) ones. There is no ciliary ganglion but, there is one ciliary nerve arising from the nervus oculomotorius. The trochlear nerve has its own foramen and carries pure somatic motor fibers to the superior obliquemuscle. The abducens nerve has a single root. It leaves the cranial cavity through a common foramen together with the nervus oculomotorius. It carries pure somatic motor fibers to the rectus lateralis muscle.
KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND ROLE OF WOMEN ON WATERSHED RESOURCE CONSERVATION ANDPROTECTION IN ONE MUNICIPALITY IN THE PROVINCE OF ALBAY
Authors:   Instructor I, Laguna State Polytechnic University - College of Agriculture, Siniloan, Laguna., N. Olayta Jayson , Beltran Dy Roscefe ,   Associate Professor V, Bicol University College of Agriculture and Forestry, Guinobatan, Albay.
Published: October 2021

This study was conducted to determine the knowledge, awareness of the women along bio- physical, economic, political and social characteristics of watershed in relation to water resource management. Also, this will examine the role of women on household and in community and the activities undertakenrelative to the conservation and protection of watershed area in one municipality in the province of Albay, Philippines. The study utilized descriptive research design and data was analyzed using frequency counts, percentage and weighted mean. Data revealed that respondents are much aware of the biophysical, social, political and economic characteristics of watershed, as well on watershed conservation and protection practices. In contribution to water resource conservation women always practiced recycling of water. Women contributed to the conservation and protection because they have the important roles to be undertaken and but most of them were seldom practiced. Social responsibility on both household and community level is required for women as far as watershed is concern.
CHANGES IN CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS IN HEALTHY PREGNANT WOMEN-A CLINICAL STUDY
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam., Venkat Chelluboyina Manga , Chatti Ramakrishna ,   Civil Assistant Surgeon Specialist-Ophthalmology, Area Hospital, Seethampeta, Srikakulam District.
Published: October 2021

Aim of the Study: To determine the changes in central corneal thickness during pregnancy in healthy pregnant women. Methods: 50 pregnant women aged between 25 years to 35 years, not suffering from refractive errors and with no prior history of Kerato-refractive procedures and not suffering from any medical or surgical complications of pregnancy, attending to the OPD of OBG Department of King George Hospital-Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam were included in our study. Central Corneal Thickness (CCT) was measured in all these 50 pregnant women with a hand held portable automated corneal Pachymeter. CCT measurements were made in the first, second, third trimesters and also after a period of 3 months from date of delivery. Results: The mean CCT was found to be significantly higher in the second and third trimesters, compared with the first trimester and at a period of 3 months postpartum (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The CCT value was significantly higher in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.CCT is an important factor to be considered while measuring Intra Ocular Pressure (IOP). The IOP measurements in pregnant women should always be corrected for CCT thereby preventing false high or low recordings of IOP.The target IOP should be carefully decided after taking into consideration the changes in CCT values in pregnant women with glaucoma.The changes in CCT during pregnancy should be kept in mind while performing any refraction or corneal topography studies during pregnancy.
Sustainability of funded pension schemes: A financial position perspective using options
Authors: Wolf Ishay , Caridad López del Río Lorena
Published: October 2021

This study offers in-depth knowledge of the socio-economic characteristics of funded pension projects. It is based on the financial position of pension market actors during the transition of the pension system to a more funded capitalized scheme, mainly through the option benefit model. This is possible due to the fact that the economy is not viewed as a single earning cohort. The study analytically demonstrates a socio-economic anomaly in the funded pension system, which is in favor of high-earning cohorts at the expense of low-earning cohorts. This anomaly is realized due to lack of insurance and exposure to financial and systemic risks. Furthermore, the anomaly might lead to the pension re-reform back to an unfunded scheme, mainly due to political pressure. A minimum pension guarantee was found to be a rebalance mechanism to this anomaly, which increases the probability of a sustainable pension scheme. Specifically, it is argued that implementing a guarantee with an intra-generational, risk-sharing mechanism is the most effective way to reduce the impact of this abnormality. Moreover, the paper shows the convergence process toward implementing a minimum pension guarantee in many countries that have capitalized their pension systems during the last three decades, in particular in Latin America and Central and Eastern Europe.
ANAIS DOS ENEQ: O QUE NOS DIZEM SOBRE A ÁREA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM QUÍMICA NO BRASIL?
Authors: Alexandrino Daniela , Bretones Paulo , Queiroz Salete
Published: October 2021

ENEQ ANNALS: WHAT DO THEY TELL US ABOUT CHEMISTRY EDUCATION AREA IN BRAZIL? Academic production on Chemistry Education in Brazil is abundant. The network of participants that contribute to it is vast, spread across all geographic regions. This network is responsible for carrying out actions that have led to consolidating the area of Chemistry Education. This article analyzes all the annals now available from the Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Química (ENEQ) and establishes relationships between events that took place at the conferences and the previously mentioned consolidation (analysis period: 1982 to 2018). In addition, the authorship of the works presented at ENEQ (analysis period: 1982 to 2010) was investigated, enabling us to identify professionals who offered relevant contributions to help construct the current scenario in the area
Harflerden Oluşan Genişletilmiş MNİST Veri Kümesinin Derin Öğrenme Tabanlı Tasarlanmış Sinir Ağı Modeli ile Sınıflandırılması
Authors: TOĞAÇAR Mesut
Published: October 2021

MNİST veri kümesi, model öğrenmesi, görüntü işleme, sınıflandırma süreçlerinin gerçekleştirilmesinde standart bir ölçüt olarak kullanılmaktadır. MNİST veri kümesi içerisinde; el yazısı formatında hazırlanmış büyük harf, küçük harf ve rakam görüntülerinden oluşmaktadır. Genişletilmiş MNİST veri kümesi, MNİST veri kümesi ile aynı değerler dizisi formatında hazırlanmış daha kapsamlı ve sınıflandırma süreci daha zor bir veri seti türüdür. Günümüzde birçok alanda yapay zekâ tabanlı çalışmalar ilgi görmeye başlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Genişletilmiş MNİST veri kümesinin eğitilmesi ve sınıflandırması amacıyla Python dilinde tasarlanmış yeni bir sinir ağı modeli önerilmektedir. Önerilen modelde, ön işlem adımı olarak veri büyütme

yöntemi eğitim verileri için uygulanmıştır ve 26 harf kategorik olarak sınıflandırıldı. Sınıflandırma sürecinde genel doğruluk başarısı %94,73 olarak elde edildi. Önerdiğimiz model, el yazısı görüntülerinin sınıflandırılmasında başarılı bir analiz gerçekleştirdiği gözlemlendi
Molibden ve Vanadyum İlavesinin Fe-Cr-C Sert Dolgu Alaşımlarının Aşınma Direncine Etkisi
Authors: ÇÖMEZ Nilay , GÜL Canser , DURMUŞ Hülya
Published: October 2021

Sert dolgu kaplamalar, pek çok mühendislik uygulamasında iş parçalarının aşınma ve korozyon direncini artırmak amacıyla kullanılan yöntemlerden biridir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, karbür yapıcı elementlerden molibden ve vanadyumun Fe-Cr-C esaslı sert dolgu alaşımlarına ilave edilerek mikroyapı ve aşınma özelliklerinde meydana gelecek değişimleri incelemektir. Her kaplama hem vanadyum hem de molibden içermektedir. Fe-Cr-C alaşımlarına %3, %4 oranlarında ferromolibden, %10, %12 oranlarında ferrovanadyum ilave edilmiştir. Kaplama içeriğinin primer M7C3 (M: Fe, Cr) ve M2C (M: Mo, Fe, Cr) karbürlerinden ve matrise yayılmış ince taneli sekonder karbürlerden oluştuğu gözlenmiştir. Artan ferromolibden ve ferrovanadyum ilavesinin karbür tane boyutunu küçülttüğü tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte hacimsel karbür oranı ve sertlik artış eğilimi sergilemiştir. En yüksek sertlik ve buna bağlı olarak en düşük hacimsel aşınma kaybı %4 ferromolibden +%10 ferrovanadyum ilave edilen kaplamada tespit edilmiştir.
Zinc adsorption from aqueous solution using lemon, orange, watermelon, melon, pineapple, and banana rinds
Authors: Yılmaz Ozge , Tugrul Nurcan
Published: October 2021

In this study, six fruit rinds, chemical activated using ZnCl2 and carbonized by microwave, were used as biosorbent to remove zinc from aqueous solution. Fruit kind, microwave treatment time and adsorption contact time effects on zinc biosorption yield were examined. The characterization of raw materials and synthesized biosorbents were realized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The dried fruits rinds were activated for 2 or 4 h using ZnCl2 and carbonized for 1, 2, 3 or 4 min at 800 W microwave power. Zinc biosorption yield was determined using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis). Maximum zinc biosorption capability was determined as 39.18 mg/g for lemon, 35.78 mg/g for orange, 14.76 mg/g for watermelon, 13.06 mg/g for melon, 12.2 mg/g for pineapple and 9 mg/g for banana rinds. The results indicate that the six fruits rinds can be used for zinc adsorption from aqueous solution as cost-effective and environmentally friendly biosorbent with high adsorption efficiency.
USE OF EPITHETS IN ENGLISH-SPEAKING PERIODICAL PRESS
Authors:   Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, EKATERINA E. BELOVA , MARIA V. ARKHIPOVA ,   Minin Nizhny Novgorod State Pedagogical University, ELINA D. SHAPIRO ,   Higher School of Economics University
Published: October 2021

The study of the specifics of publicistic style and its linguistic and stylistic peculiarities is relevant and it is caused by the linguists’ increased attention to mass media texts as a means of influence on the audience and the importance of a more complete examination of the linguistic text features. The lexical composition of newspaper texts is extremely diverse as the newspaper is a means of reflecting modern language development, and the periodical press uses various expressive means. The following English-speaking newspapers The Daily Mail, The New York Times, The Telegraph, The Guardian, The Times, Daily News, BBC News, Los Angeles Times, Esquire and The Washington Post , provide analysis of expressive means used with a view to distin-guishing epithets and examining their distribution and use in the periodical press. The article researches and illustrates different types of epithets distinguished on a variety of principles: in terms of their semantics, structure, nature of nomination and type of connotative meaning. From the semantic perspective there exist common language and individual epithets. In terms of nature of nomination epithets are classified into metaphoric and metonymic. The periodical press verifies use of all the structural epithet types, viz. simple, compound and epithet chains. The expression of the author’s viewpoint can be communicated with the help of epithets with meliorative, pejorative or neutral connotative meaning.
CONCEPTUALIZATION OF THE GEOPOETICAL IMAGE OF THE REGION IN THE ERGONYMIC SYSTEM (ON THE MATERIAL OF ERGONYMS OF THE FAR EASTERN REGION)
Authors:   Pacific National University, TATYANA V. VASILIEVA , ELENA V. PUCHKOVA ,   Pacific National University
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the conceptualization of the geopoetic image of the Far Eastern region in the ergonomic space of the region. The aim of this work is to identify the lexical representatives of the concept of "space" in the ergonymicon of the Far Eastern region. The article describes the specifics of the geopoetic and ergocognitive approach to the conceptualization of regional images, reflecting the features of regional identification, identifies the main cognitive models of the content of the ergonomic concept «space» in the minds of the inhabitants of the Far Eastern region. As a result, it was proved that the geopoetic approach is dominant in identifying the linguo-cognitive features of conceptualization in the field of regional ergonymy. The study identifies and describes the main groups of ergonyms related to the conceptualization of landscape-geographical, natural-biological and socio-cultural images of the Far Eastern region. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to apply the geopoetic and ergo-cognitive approach to the description of ergonyms from the perspective of regional identification.
SEMANTIC FEATURES OF THE NAMES OF ASTRAKHAN PISCIVOROUS BIRDS
Authors:   Russian Academy of Sciences, EKATERINA B. MIRONOVA
Published: October 2021

The article is devoted to the description of the names of piscivorous birds in the Astrakhan dialects. The nominations of birds in the Russian language constitute a layer of common Slavic vocabulary. The Proto-Slavic vocabulary and wordformation system served as the basis for further historical development. A feature of the names of birds is the presence of two types of names - nomenclature (pelican, cormorant, seagull), formed on the basis of data from natural sciences, and folk. The subject of consideration is the process of formation of the Astrakhan nominations of piscivorous birds and the identification of motivating signs of derivative names, only a small part of which entered the literary language. In the Astrakhan dialects, there are more than 60 names of fish-eating birds. Derived nominations are indirect in relation to the rethought linguistic form.
RURAL POETRY AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF CHINESE POETRY OF THE 1980S
Authors:   Ryazan State University named after S.A. Esenin, XINTONG WANG
Published: October 2021

In the 1980s, Chinese village poetry reached the peak of its development. In the process of formation, she went through stages of prosperity, stagnation and rebirth. The proof was the shifting of the authors' attention from the traditional display of reality to a realistic depiction of the fate of peasants; transformation of separate scattered images into complex and typical ones, permeated with local flavor; the departure of political factors to the background, giving way to the beauty of the poetic word; the use of various expressive means of the language, etc.
9. konzolgenerációk válsága-fókuszban a Playstation 5 és az Xbox Series X
Authors: Szabados György Norbert , Bácsné Bába Éva , Fenyves Veronika , Bács Zoltán , Pfau Christa , Szabados Krisztián , Ráthonyi Gergely
Published: October 2021

A múlt század végére piacra kerültek a kimondottan játékra optimalizált, azaz játékosok igényeit kielégítő sajátos számítógépek, az ún. játékkonzolok. A múlt év végére, hosszas várakozást követően jelentek meg a piacon a 9.generációs játékkonzolok új típusai, a Sony és a Microsoft kiadásában. A szakmában ismertek szerint a konzolok megjelenésének ovációját egy azóta is be nem töltött űr váltotta fel, ugyanis immár több hónapos eseményeket követően jelenthető ki: a Playstation 5 és a Microsoft Series X játékcélú használata komoly nehézségekkel szembesült. A tanulmány, melynek módszertani alapját elsősorban esettanulmány, illetve meglévő adatok másodelemzése képezi, igyekszik rávilágítani arra, hogy mi vezethetett erre a helyzetre, mennyire átmeneti vagy tartós jelenségről van szó, illetve vajon hogyan is reagál az érintett piac és játékra áhítozó társadalom erre a helyzetre. Az eredmények szerint sajnos nem csupán átmeneti jelenségről van szó, összetett problémák hatására piaci anomáliák alakultak ki, mely alapvetően átformálja a konzolpiaccal kapcsolatos viszonyunkat.
Development, Validation, and Assessment of Clinical Impact of Real-time Alerts to Detect Inpatient As-Needed Opioid Orders With Duplicate Indications: Prospective Study
Authors: Rizk Elsie , Swan Joshua T
Published: October 2021

Background

As-needed (PRN) opioid orders with duplicate indications can lead to medication errors and opioid-related adverse drug events.

Objective

The objective of our study was to build and validate real-time alerts that detect duplicate PRN opioid orders and assist clinicians in optimizing the safety of opioid orders.

Methods

This single-center, prospective study used an iterative, 3-step process to refine alert performance by advancing from small sample evaluations of positive predictive values (PPVs) (step 1) through intensive evaluations of accuracy (step 2) to evaluations of clinical impact (step 3). Validation cohorts were randomly sampled from eligible patients for each step.

Results

During step 1, the PPV was 100% (one-sided, 97.5% CI 70%-100%) for moderate and severe pain alerts. During step 2, duplication of 1 or more PRN opioid orders was identified for 17% (34/201; 95% CI, 12%-23%) of patients during chart review. This bundle of alerts showed 94% sensitivity (95% CI 80%-99%) and 96% specificity (95% CI 92%-98%) for identifying patients who had duplicate PRN opioid orders. During step 3, at least 1 intervention was made to the medication profile for 77% (46/60; 95% CI 64%-87%) of patients, and at least 1 inappropriate duplicate PRN opioid order was discontinued for 53% (32/60; 95% CI 40%-66%) of patients.

Conclusions

The bundle of alerts developed in this study was validated against chart review by a pharmacist and identified patients who benefited from medication safety interventions to optimize PRN opioid orders.
Medicina académica y atención primaria en salud. Propuesta de abordaje conceptual metodológica desde la práctica educativa
Authors: Crocker Sagastume René Cristóbal , Korzi Caballero Eva Glenda , Romero Viveros María , Bernal Lara Mariana Del Refugio
Published: October 2021

Introducción: Se analizan las prácticas educativas en medicina académica de atención primaria en salud (APS) que realizan profesores y alumnos en una escuela de medicina con estudios incorporados a la Universidad de Guadalajara. Objetivo: Aportar elementos conceptuales y metodológicos para realizar un estudio nacional en escuelas y facultades de México.Método: Se aplicó un diseño transversal analítico. El universo docente está constituido por 13 profesores de 8 unidades de aprendizaje del eje integrador de prácticas profesionales en APS y 148 alumnos seleccionados por números aleatorios de una población de 361, con un grado de confianza de 90%, 5% de error y una P de 0.5 calculadas con el programa Epi Info. Resultados: Se muestran contradicciones en la percepción de los modelos epidemiológicos de los profesores, en donde predomina el abordaje sociocultural y derechos humanos (92%) con los espacios de práctica donde asisten los alumnos, que son de primer nivel de atención de tipo curativo (88%) (P=0.00) deficiencias en la gestión del conocimiento a partir de la práctica comunitaria (100%) y en la promoción de la participación comunitaria en donde predomina un modelo directivo de trabajo en APS (72%)Conclusiones: Hay contradicciones entre el modelo teórico de APS y los escenarios de práctica; desintegración de la práctica en APS con la gestión del conocimiento y la promoción de la participación comunitaria; el eje integrador de prácticas profesionales en APS en el currículo es marginal.
Corporate ownership and shareholder activism: The case of Italy
Authors: Gigante Gimede , Venezia Maria Vittoria
Published: October 2021

Over the last few years, shareholder activism has gained relevance, with new players increasingly looking to get involved in corporate influence and control. Born in America in the 1980s, with corporate raiders, the act of giving a voice to shareholders has spread from the United States to Europe. The aim of this research is to map this trend in the Italian territory, understanding the major current regulations, the biggest players involved, the target companies, the most frequently required objectives, and the overall success rate of such requests compared to other European countries’ neighbours. An analysis of the differences in terms of legal framework and minorities protection is provided as part of this paper, to give the reader the theoretical underpinnings for the subsequent analysis. Considerations on Italian activism follow, from the interpretation of data retrieved from Activistmonitor and Factiva that helped creating a database of 534 analyses of open and closed campaigning by activists throughout the European region since 2010. Italy turns out to be the fifth country in Europe per number of campaigns, with a few large international hedge funds and several smaller niche players. Campaigns tend to target mid and large capitalisation companies, mainly asking for changes in representation boards and having a success rate of over 50%. These findings suggest potential political implications for a successful Italian recovery in the post-COVID era. Further research on this topic and how activism impacts the performance of Italian firms would be invaluable
(Non)Parallel developmental pathways to vertebrate appenda
Authors: Swank Samantha , Sanger Thomas , Stuart Yoel
Published: October 2021

This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article:
(Non)Parallel developmental mechanisms in vertebrate appendage
reduction and loss , which has been published in final form
at https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.8226. This article may be used for
non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions
for Use of Self-Archived Versions.

Appendages have been reduced or lost hundreds of times independently
during vertebrate evolution. This suggests that selection routinely
favors appendage reduction. How often are the same developmental and
genetic pathways used during loss by independent lineages? We reviewed
the developmental and evolutionary literatures of appendage reduction in
12 genera spanning fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals. We found that
appendage reduction and loss resulted from modified gene expression in
each case but one. However, the genes for which expression was modified
were rarely shared. Our findings suggest that adaptive loss of complex
traits might proceed relatively easily through changes in gene
expression along multiple developmental pathways.
Trend Analysis and Long-Term Spatio-Temporal Variability of Annual and Seasonal Rainfall Using Innovative Trend Analysis and Mann-Kendall Approaches Over Tumakuru District, Karnataka
Authors: Kumar Sanjay , Ahmed Syed , N Harishnaika , M Arpitha
Published: October 2021

Global warming has affected and continuously changed the
hydrometeorological variables such as Rainfall, temperature, and
humidity. The present research has focused on the long-term trend of
spatio-temporal pattern of rainfall using Mann-Kendall (MK) and
innovative trend analysis (ITA), which is the most preferable task for
climate change monitoring caused by global warming. The comparative
analysis has been performed for eleven meteorological stations of
Tumakuru district, India during the year 1952-2019, which reveals the
sensitivity of ITA to hidden trends than the classical approach and its
reliability towards the mitigation of water-related issues,
meteorological drought, and flood management.