bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The legal nature of a competition for a financial award or grant in the European Union direct management formula
Authors: Fill Wojciech
Published: February 2025

The study is devoted to the analysis of the legal nature of declarations of will and knowledge, used to settle proceedings in cases for endowing grants or awards in the context of European Union law, the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union and doctrinal views. The research carried out resulted in de lege ferenda proposals in terms of regulating contest procedures in a manner consistent with the theoretical nature of this legal institution, including proposals for modifications to the EU Model Principles of Administrative Procedure (ReNEUAL) and the EU contract law project. A possible way to improve the existing legal status could be, on the one hand, introducing a public promise to the draft EU contract law, and on the other hand, introducing in the draft administrative procedure, in all unregulated matters relating to contest procedures, a reference to the accordingly use of civil law provisions.
ANALYSIS OF THE ACCURACY OF CURVATURE DETERMINATION OF A DISCRETELY PRESENTED CURVE
Authors: Mostovenko Alexei , Kovalov Sergii , Mostovenko Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

When geometric modeling of objects, processes or phenomena, many dependencies between parameters are often presented in the form of graphs. Graphs based on experimental data are often presented in the form of discrete representation curves (DRC). The study of the simulated process involves the analysis of the resulting graph, including the determination of the differential characteristics of the curve. For a discretely presented curve, these characteristics can be determined only approximately, which is where the task of assessing the accuracy of their determination arises. The differential characteristics of a curved line, such as tangent, normal, curvature, etc., are unambiguously and accurately determined by the methods of differential geometry. If the curve is presented in the form of a discrete series of points, such characteristics are determined approximately and ambiguously, and the accuracy of determining these characteristics is affected by the discretization step.In [1] it is shown that the curvature of a plane curve, on the one hand, can be defined as the ratio of the angle of adjacency (in radian measure) of tangents at two infinitely close points to the distance between these points, and on the other hand, the curvature is defined as the inverse of the radius contact circle Both approaches give the same result. The curvature of a discrete curve can be determined only approximately and in existing publications it is defined as the inverse of the radius of a circle that passes through three adjacent points of the DRC. The curvature of a curve is closely related to the concept of tangent and normal to a curve. Such concepts for DRC are discussed in detail in [6].The purpose of the article is to analyze the accuracy of determining the curvature of a discretely represented curve depending on the method of its determination and the discretization step.
AN ANALOGUE OF FRENET FORMULAS FOR THE DARBOUX TRIEDRON CURVE ON THE SURFACE
Authors: Nesvidomin Andrii , Pylypaka Serhiy , Babka Vitaly , Zaharova Iryna
Published: February 2025

Frenet and Darboux trihedrons are accompanying for the guide curve. The position of the Frenet trihedron on the curve is uniquely determined by its first and second derivatives. The Darboux trihedron is the accompanying to the curve on the surface. Both trihedrons move along the curve so that one of the orthos is tangent to the curve. If in the Frenet trihedron one of the faces is the tangent plane of the curve, then in the Darboux trihedron the corresponding face is tangent to the surface, that is, there is a certain angle between these faces of the trihedrons, which can change when they move along the curve. Accordingly, this angle exists in pairs between two other vertices of trihedrons. If the surface is a plane, then this angle is zero and both trihedrons coincide.
The position of the Frenet trihedron is determined by the parametric equations of the curve, and the position of the Darboux trihedron is determined by the parametric equations of the surface and the curve on it. The curve can be specified in the function of an arbitrary parameter. On the surface, the curve can be obtained by establishing a certain relationship between the independent variables of the surface. If the curve on the surface is defined not as a function of an arbitrary parameter, but as a function of a natural parameter, that is, as a function of the length of its own arc, then in this case the Frenet formulas are valid, which play a very important role in differential geometry. In this case, the movement of the Darboux trihedron will also depend on the natural parameter. When the trihedrons move, they rotate around the orts of the tangents, which coincide, and an angle is formed in pairs between the other vertices, the value of which depends on the length of the arc of the curve, that is, the value of the angle is a function of the natural parameter.
The paper uses the dependence of the angle as a function of the natural parameter between the trihedrons to obtain the formulas for the Darboux trihedron, which are analogous to the Frenet formulas for the Frenet trihedron. For this, the kinematics of both trihedrons as they move along a curve are used. This movement can be decomposed into translational in the direction of the tangent to the curve and rotational around the axis of instantaneous rotation. The translational motion along the common orts of the tangent is the same for both trihedrons, but the rotational motion around them differs. Based on the mathematical description of these movements, formulas for the Darboux trihedron are obtained in the article, which are analogous to Frenet's formulas for the Frenet trihedron.
Impact of Telemedicine on Post-Bariatric Surgery Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Mendes Cláudia , Carvalho Manuel , Raimundo Armando , Zangão Otília
Published: February 2025

INTRODUCTION: The COVID-19 pandemic presents unique challenges for patients and healthcare providers, especially those working with obesity and related health problems. E-health has emerged as a crucial tool for the follow-up of users undergoing bariatric surgery during this period, allowing remote monitoring of users' health status and providing access to virtual consultation with health professionals. This study aims to analyze the impact of the use of telemedicine during the COVID-19 pandemic on the results of bariatric surgery, surgical safety outcomes and user satisfaction with this follow-up.

METHOD: This was an observational study with retrospective data collection. The variables were divided into several groups: health data and associated comorbidities, surgical safety and satisfaction with telemedicine monitoring.

RESULTS: Surgery significantly affected weight loss; in general, there was a 75% loss of excess weight. Comorbidities were reversed over time, with 50% of the subjects maintaining excellent levels. Most users were satisfied with the monitoring, and surgical outcomes were not significant.

CONCLUSIONS: Follow-up via telemedicine did not modify the results of bariatric surgery, which may suggest that it may be an option to consider for regular monitoring of the post bariatric surgery process.
Financial Distress, Institutional Ownership, and Earnings Management: Evidence from the Energy Sector
Authors:   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Winata Widya , Hastuti Sri ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta, Suryaningsum Sri ,   Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
Published: February 2025

This study seeks to analyze the effect of financial distress on earnings management, focusing on institutional ownership as a potential moderating variable. Employing a quantitative research approach, this study utilizes secondary data sourced from the financial statements of energy industry sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the companies' official websites during the period 2019–2023. The purposive sampling technique was used to select a representative sample, ensuring relevance and data quality. The findings reveal that financial distress positively influences earnings management, indicating that companies experiencing financial difficulties are more likely to engage in earnings management practices, possibly as a strategic response to mitigate the appearance of financial instability. However, the study also finds that institutional ownership does not moderate the relationship between financial distress and earnings management. This suggests that the presence of institutional investors does not significantly alter or mitigate the impact of financial distress on a company's propensity to engage in earnings management. These results provide important insights for stakeholders, including regulators and investors, by highlighting the implications of financial distress on corporate reporting behavior and the limited role of institutional ownership in curbing earnings management practices
Application of Spatial Distribution Model to the Syrian Al Hol and Jordanian Al Za’atari Camps
Authors:   Korea Association of International Development and Cooperation, Choi Dong Ju , Ryu Yunwoo
Published: February 2025

Purpose: This study aims to apply urban planning strategies to evaluate refugee IDP camps affected by long-term conflicts, specifically focusing on mental health crises among vulnerable groups in Al Hol camp, Syria, and Al Za’atari camp, Jordan.
Originality: The study proposes a new refugee-IDP camp evaluation model that categorizes facilities based on target populations and functions, uniquely integrating urban planning theories into refugee camp design.
Methodology: The study employs a constructive approach to prove the effectiveness of a spatial evaluation model for refugee-IDP camps, intending to offer theoretical and practical solutions to existing issues.
Result: The results suggest that the strategic distribution of infrastructure can optimize the efficiency of facilities providing basic needs. The significant shortage of facilities focusing on community involvement, mental health care, and vulnerable groups, highlights areas for improvement.
Conclusions and Implication: Camp managers and organization staff should develop strategies to empower children and women as potential caregivers rather than merely recipients along with effectively addressing the financial burden and high dependency of refugees.
Real-Time Data Processing in Cloud Computing: Enterprise Implementation Strategies
Authors: Venkata Reddy Keesara
Published: February 2025

This article examines the transformative impact of real-time data access enabled by cloud computing across enterprise organizations, focusing on implementation strategies and architectural patterns. Through detailed analysis of industry-leading case studies, this article explores how cloud-based real-time data processing solutions have revolutionized business operations and customer experiences. This article investigates critical technical components including data streaming architectures, IoT integration, geospatial processing, and predictive analytics implementations. This article demonstrates that successful real-time data processing implementations require careful consideration of infrastructure requirements, scalability patterns, and performance optimization strategies. This article provides insights into common challenges such as handling peak loads, ensuring data consistency, and maintaining system reliability, while also examining emerging trends in edge computing and artificial intelligence integration. This article contributes to the growing body of knowledge on enterprise-scale real-time data processing and offers practical guidance for organizations planning similar implementations.
Integralidade do Cuidado à Mulher com Câncer de Mama: Desafios na Implementação da Linha de Cuidado em um Estado do Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Silva Rosalva Raimundo da , Santana Mauricéa Maria de , Bezerra Adriana Falangola Benjamin , Lima Jurema Telles de Oliveira , Lyra Tereza Maciel
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O câncer de mama é um problema de saúde pública significativo em razão da alta incidência e mortalidade entre as mulheres. Objetivo: Analisar a integralidade do cuidado à mulher com câncer de mama na Rede de Atenção à Saúde em um Estado do Nordeste brasileiro, a partir das percepções de usuárias com câncer de mama, profissionais de saúde e gestores. Método: Pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa com entrevistas semiestruturadas com usuárias com câncer de mama, profissionais dos serviços de referência oncológica e da atenção primária, e gestores das esferas municipal, estadual e federal. Resultados: A Linha de Cuidado do Câncer de Mama não está implementada, destacando fragilidades na coordenação do cuidado e na organização da Rede de Atenção à Saúde, afetando o continuum do cuidado nos diferentes níveis assistenciais. A demanda espontânea para o tratamento e os fluxos de acesso criados por usuárias e profissionais de saúde resultaram em significativas iniquidades no acesso aos serviços de saúde, ampliando as desigualdades existentes. A integralidade tem sido comprometida por causa da ausência de protocolos e fluxos assistenciais bem estabelecidos, incipiência na gestão de filas do sistema de regulação e referência e contrarreferência. Conclusão: A falta de uma da Linha de Cuidado tem impactado na acessibilidade e na equidade de acesso aos serviços de saúde. Os achados deste estudo fornecem orientações cruciais para o planejamento da Rede de Atenção à Saúde e a necessidade da implementação da Linha de Cuidado do Câncer de Mama para melhorar a integralidade da atenção às mulheres diagnosticadas com câncer de mama.
Prevalência da Exposição à Radiação Solar em Trabalhadores no Brasil: Subsídios para Ações de Prevenção do Câncer de Pele Relacionado ao Trabalho
Authors: Nogueira Fernanda de Albuquerque Melo , Damacena Giseli Nogueira , Otero Ubirani Barros , Szwarcwald Celia Landmann
Published: February 2025

Introdução: No Brasil, há pouca informação sobre a prevalência de exposição ocupacional à radiação solar, principal fator de risco para a neoplasia mais frequente no país, o câncer de pele não melanoma. Objetivo: Calcular a prevalência da exposição à radiação solar e de fatores associados na população ocupada brasileira. Método: Estudo transversal, com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde de 2019. Calcularam-se as prevalências expandidas e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) para a exposição à radiação solar, segundo as variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas, geográficas e ocupacionais. Utilizou-se análise de regressão logística múltipla, estratificada por sexo, para identificar os determinantes da exposição à radiação solar. Considerou-se o desenho complexo da amostragem. Resultados: Foram avaliados 88.904.261 trabalhadores, sendo 23,5% expostos à radiação solar. Trinta e seis por cento dos homens (36,5%; IC 95% 37,0; 39,3) e 7,9% (IC 95% 6,0; 7,2) das mulheres estavam expostos à radiação solar. Os setores econômicos da agricultura, construção, água, esgoto e atividades de gestão de resíduos de materiais apresentaram os maiores percentuais de exposição. A chance de exposição à radiação solar foi maior entre o sexo masculino, os pardos, com baixo nível de escolaridade e renda, residentes da área rural, com vínculo trabalhista informal e que trabalharam acima de 40h/semana. Conclusão: A prevalência da exposição à radiação solar nos trabalhadores brasileiros é elevada e desigualmente distribuída por sexo e setores econômicos. Ações de prevenção nos ambientes laborais devem priorizar os grupos de trabalhadores mais expostos, considerando as atividades econômicas e seus determinantes demográficos, socioeconômicos, geográficos e ocupacionais.
Análise do Câncer de Próstata na Rede de Atenção Oncológica do Espírito Santo, Brasil
Authors: Lopes-Júnior Luís Carlos , Grippa Wesley Rocha
Published: February 2025

Introdução: Os Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (RHC) são fontes sistemáticas de informações, instalados em hospitais gerais/especializados em oncologia, com intuito de coletar dados referentes ao diagnóstico, tratamento e acompanhamento de pacientes atendidos nessas instituições. Objetivo: Analisar o perfil epidemiológico de pacientes com câncer de próstata em seguimento na Rede de Atenção Oncológica (RAO) de um Estado do Sudeste brasileiro. Método: Estudo descritivo de base hospitalar. Os dados secundários foram obtidos via ficha de registro do tumor dos RHC de toda RAO estadual (2000-2020). A amostra foi estratificada entre casos analíticos e não analíticos e os grupos comparados usando os testes t-Student e qui-quadrado de Pearson, além disso, uma regressão logística binária foi conduzida. Resultados: Recuperaram-se 13.519 registros de neoplasias prostáticas de 2000-2020, dos quais 9.838 eram casos analíticos e 3.681 não analíticos. A presente série histórica exibiu tendência crescente (p<0,001). A idade média dos pacientes foi de 69 anos. Além disso, 67,91% foram encaminhados pelo SUS, 95,74% apresentaram a ocorrência de apenas um tumor primário, sendo o tumor classificado como adenocarcinoma em 98% dos registros. O primeiro tratamento recebido no hospital foi a cirurgia em 23,68%, seguida por hormonioterapia em 21,01% dos casos. As variáveis ‘origem de encaminhamento’ (X²(1)=18,27;p<0,001) e ‘diagnóstico e tratamento anterior’ (X²(3)=1516,83;p<0,001) foram preditoras para a variável ‘tipo de caso’ (analítico e não analítico). Conclusão: Houve tendência de crescimento no número registros de câncer de próstata com o passar dos anos no Estado, apresentando tropismo para homens idosos, casados e com baixa nível educacional e casos analíticos.
Escore de Consumo de Alimentos Ultraprocessados entre Mulheres Brasileiras Sobreviventes do Câncer: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, Brasil, 2019
Authors: Verde Sara Maria Moreira Lima , Aguiar Italo Wesley Oliveira , Machado Soraia Pinheiro , Araújo Larissa Fortunato , Costa Fernando Natalense da , Carneiro Priscilla de Lima , Bezerra Ilana Nogueira
Published: February 2025

Introdução: O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados tem aumentado na população brasileira nos últimos anos e está associado ao desenvolvimento e agravamento de doenças crônicas como o câncer. Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por mulheres brasileiras sobreviventes dos cânceres de mama, ovário e colo do útero. Método: Estudo transversal com informações secundárias da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2019), um inquérito de saúde da população brasileira em geral, que investigou aspectos sociodemográficos, clínicos e alimentares, de onde foram coletadas informações de mulheres adultas com diagnósticos autorreferidos de câncer de mama, ovário e colo do útero. O consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi avaliado pelo escore NOVA, baseado na frequência de consumo de tipos de alimentos ultraprocessados. A associação entre o diagnóstico de câncer e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados foi explorada usando modelos de regressão de Poisson com variação robusta, software Stata/MP 17.0. Resultados: A prevalência de consumo de cinco ou mais tipos de alimentos ultraprocessados foi de 7,8% entre as mulheres com histórico de câncer, sendo mais alta entre as com câncer de ovário e menos de 40 anos. A associação entre consumo de ultraprocessados e câncer variou conforme o índice de massa corporal e o tipo de câncer, com maiores prevalências entre mulheres com obesidade e câncer do colo do útero (RP=6,37; IC95%:1,46;27,68). Conclusão: Pacientes com câncer consomem alimentos ultraprocessados em quantidade expressiva, com maiores prevalências de consumo entre mulheres com obesidade e com câncer do colo do útero.
TNF-α expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps
Authors: Irfandy Dolly , Pramita Arsia Dilla
Published: February 2025

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal sinusesmucosa, that is caused by multifactorial factors, and has a complex and influential etiology among variousmicroorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and viruses), environmental contamination (pollutants or cigarette smoke)and immune system instability. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) is one of the crucial cytokinesin the inflammatory process that plays a role in chronic rhinosinusitis. Purpose: To compare TNF-αgene expression levels in chronic rhinosinusitis patients with and without nasal polyps. Method: Thisquantitative study included a cross-sectional design comparative analysis of 24 samples obtained from theethmoid bulla of chronic rhinosinusitis patients. The patients were subjected to a Functional EndoscopicSinus Surgery (FESS) approach at the Rhinology Clinic of Dr. M. Djamil Regional Hospital, Padang.Patients were selected based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. The expression of TNF-α was measuredby using the Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The data were analysed by SPSS witha p-value <0.05. Result: The average value of TNF-α expression in chronic rhinosinusitis with polypswas 4.89±12.65, while that of TNF-α expression in chronic rhinosinusitis patients without polyps was2.77±4.22. However, there was no statistical difference between the two groups of study (p-value >0.05).Conclusion: This study demonstrated the increased levels of TNF-α in chronic rhinosinusitis patientswith polyps compared to patients without polyps.
Profil hasil pemeriksaan OAE high noise pada pasien tinnitus di klinik elektromedik RSA UGM
Authors: Bawono Mahatma Sotya , Akuntanto Ignatius Adhi , Avidati Herfis , Hapsari Widiarahma , Sari Shinta Kusumalarna Sari
Published: February 2025

Latar Belakang: Tinnitus merupakan salah satu gangguan pendengaran berupa sensasi suara tanpa adanya rangsang dari luar. Tinnitus dapat mempengaruhi kualitas hidup seseorang. Jumlah pasien dengan tinnitus diperkirakan akan semakin meningkat. Tidak banyak rumah sakit mempunyai alat OAE High Noise untuk pemeriksaan penunjang pada pasien tinnitus. Penelitian tentang tinnitus masih terbatas di Indonesia, khususnya di Yogyakarta.
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran hasil pemeriksaan OAE High Noise pada pasien tinnitus di Klinik Elektromedik RSA UGM.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian non eksperimental dengan pendekatan deskriptif observasional menggunakan data sekunder. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan total sampling pada pasien tinnitus yang dilakukan pemeriksaan OAE High Noise pada tanggal 1 Januari 2019 sampai 31 Desember 2021.
Hasil: Responden yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi berjumlah 292 orang. Sebagian besar responden berusia lebih dari 60 tahun (27,05%) dan berjenis kelamin perempuan (51,71%). Hasil pemeriksaan OAE High Noise menunjukkan sebagian besar tidak normal (85,61%). Sebagian besar responden mengalami tinnitus bilateral dan mengalami gangguan pada lebih dari 6 frekuensi (46,60%). Diagnosa utama yang sering muncul pada responden penelitian ini adalah tinnitus (87.67%).
Kesimpulan: Hasil pemeriksaan OAE High Noise di Klinik Elektromedik RSA UGM sebagian besar tidak normal.
Relationship of lowest oxygen saturation value with degree of obstructive sleep apnea on polysomnography
Authors: Murdiyo H.M Dwijo , Febrihianto Ronald Yohanes
Published: February 2025

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a part of sleep disorder breathing syndrome.Symptoms of OSA often occur, but it is difficult to detect. Upon diagnosis, patients generally have hadsymptoms of OSA for years. If it is not treated properly, OSA can lead into complications involvingvarious other organ systems. The standard examination for diagnosing OSA is polysomnography. However,polysomnography examination during the era of Covid-19 pandemic could not be done.
Purpose: Todetermine the relationship between the lowest oxygen saturation (SaO2) value and the degree of obstructivesleep apnea on polysomnography examination.
Method: Observational analytic study with a crosssectional approach. The total sample was 59 subjects, consisted of 37 males and 22 females. The lowestSaO2 was assessed on polysomnography examination and compared with the degree of OSA.
Result:The lowest SaO2 relationship with the degree of OSA showed a significant negative result with a strongrelationship. In mild OSA, the Area Under Curve (AUC) value = 77.1%, and the cut off SaO2 value wasobtained at 90.5%. In moderate OSA, the AUC = 85% and the cut off SaO2 value was at 87.5%. In severeOSA, the AUC value was 94% and the cut off SaO2 value was obtained at 84.5%.
Conclusion: Therewas a significant relationship between the lowest oxygen saturation on polysomnography examinationand the degree of OSA.
Dysphagia after chemoradiation in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Mayangsari Ika Dewi , Rachmawati Elvie Zulka Kautzia , Az Zahra Amira
Published: February 2025

Background: Dysphagia is one of the early and long-term consequences of nasopharyngeal carcinomamanagement. Chemotherapy with radiation may improve the local control and survival rate but also canlead to serious dysphagia caused by radiation damage, and chronic alteration of tissues leading to fibrosisthat can happen during or soon after the radiation therapy. Dysphagia can result in dehydration andmalnutrition, place people at risk of aspiration, and reduce the quality of life by increasing anxiety anddepression.
Purpose: Identifying causes, relevant factors, clinical presentation, and management of postchemoradiation dysphagia in nasopharyngeal cancer patients.
Literature review: Structures demonstratingpost-therapy changes were deemed as dysphagia aspiration-related structures (DARS). Management ofnasopharyngeal carcinoma is radiotherapy with fibrosis found in 38.2% of the nasopharyngeal carcinomapatients on at least one side of the neck post-treatment. The presence of fibrosis in the pharyngeal andlaryngeal muscles impacted hyoid bone anterior movement and upper esophageal sphincter relaxationcontributed to dysphagia. Fiberoptic Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES) is utilised to detectdysphagia in these patients. The treatment algorithm for dysphagia after chemoradiation consists of historytaking, clinical evaluation, instrumental examination, and management. The management options may bebehavioral, medical, surgical, or combination.
Conclusion: Identifying the cause, the components of thedeficit, and the relevant patient factors has prime importance in managing dysphagia besides consideringthe options and weighing the risks versus benefits.
 
Keywords: Dysphagia, chemoradiation, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, dysphagia aspiration-related structures, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing
Clinical approach to auditory malingering in an adolescent
Authors: Yasin Fikry , Zizlavsky Semiramis , Irfan Irfan , Kaligis Fransiska
Published: February 2025

Background: Cases of auditory malingering are frequently encountered in medical practice, but there was very limited scientific evidence on the characterization of auditory malingering in children and adolescents. Purpose: To provide a comprehensive description of an auditory malingering case in an adolescent. Case Report: A 14-year-old boy came with complaints of sudden bilateral deafness, for the last three months. Hearing examination findings were within normal limits. Discussion: An objective hearing examination was necessary to complement subjective assessments in establishing the diagnosis of hearing loss. In this case, following normal auditory findings and subsequent consultations, the patient admitted that he had feigned his symptoms to avoid bullying by his friends, who mocked him for never having visited Jakarta. Conclusion: The examination of hearing function should involve not only subjective hearing examinations, but also objective hearing examinations to establish a diagnosis of hearing loss.
Keywords: hearing loss, hearing examination, malingering
 
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Kasus malingering yang melibatkan organ pendengaran cukup sering ditemukan dalam praktek kedokteran sehari-hari, namun bukti ilmiah yang mendeskripsikan kejadian malingering pendengaran pada anak-anak dan remaja masih sangat terbatas. Tujuan: Untuk menyampaikan secara komprehensif suatu kasus malingering pendengaran pada seorang remaja. Kasus: Laki-laki usia 14 tahun datang dengan keluhan mendadak tidak dapat mendengar pada kedua telinga sejak 3 bulan terakhir. Hasil pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran dalam batas normal. Pembahasan: Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran secara obyektif diperlukan untuk menegakkan diagnosis gangguan pendengaran. Pada kasus ini, setelah temuan pendengaran yang normal dan konsultasi lanjutan, pasien mengaku telah memalsukan gejalanya untuk menghindari perundungan teman-temannya yang mengejeknya karena belum pernah mengunjungi Jakarta. Kesimpulan: Pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran sebaiknya tidak hanya dilakukan pemeriksaan pendengaran subyektif saja, namun diperlukan juga pemeriksaan pendengaran obyektif untuk menegakkan diagnosis gangguan pendengaran.
Kata kunci: gangguan pendengaran, pemeriksaan fungsi pendengaran, malingering
Retropharyngeal abscess on patient with diabetes mellitus type-2, dental cavity, and oral candidiasis
Authors: Sari Ellyna Aisha , Nurdiansyah Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Background: Retropharyngeal abscesses are uncommon but potentially life-threatening diagnosis. Treatment of retropharyngeal abscess ranges from prolonged courses of intravenous antibiotics to surgical incision and drainage. Purpose: To disclose a case of retropharyngeal abscess, and to study the management. Case report: A 64-year-old male came to the emergency room complaining of pain when swallowing for one week. The pain became more severe and unabling him to eat solid food. Patient also had diabetes mellitus, dental cavity and oral candidiasis. Clinical question: In patients with retropharyngeal abscess, when does incision and drainage need to be performed? How is the recovery rate compared to conservative treatment? Review method: The literatures were searched on PubMed, Medline database as well and Google Scholar. The literatures obtained were then filtered according to the publications in the last 10 years. Result: Literature and studies of retropharyngeal abscess that were found commonly studies in children, but there were also studies in adults, more likely in a wider scope as deep cervical abscess. Conclusion: Incision and drainage are the therapy of choice for adult patient, while conservative antibiotic therapy, was the first option for pediatric retropharyngeal abscess.
Keywords: retropharyngeal abscess, deep cervical abscess, incision and drainage, conservative therapy
 
ABSTRAK
Latar belakang: Abses retrofaring merupakan diagnosis yang jarang ditemui namun dapat menyebabkan kondisi yang mengancam jiwa. Penatalaksanaan pada abses retrofaring dapat bervariasi, dengan pemberian terapi antibiotik intravena hingga insisi drainase. Tujuan: Untuk melaporkan satu kasus abses retrofaring, dan mempelajari penatalaksanaan terapinya. Laporan kasus: Seorang laki-laki 64 tahun datang ke instalasi gawat darurat dengan keluhan nyeri saat menelan, selama satu minggu. Nyeri bertambah berat, dan tidak bisa menelan makanan padat. Pasien memiliki riwayat diabetes mellitus, karies gigi, dan candidiasis. Pertanyaan klinis: Bagaimana panduan terapi pada kasus abses retrofaring, serta kapan insisi drainase perlu dilakukan? Bagaimana angka kesembuhan dibandingkan terapi konservatif? Telaah literatur: Literatur diperoleh dari PubMed, Medline dan Google Scholar, kemudian literatur disaring menurut publikasi 10 tahun terakhir. Hasil: Literatur dan penelitian mengenai abses retrofaring yang ditemukan umumnya diteliti pada populasi anak-anak, namun ada juga penelitian pada orang dewasa yang didapatkan dalam lingkup yang lebih luas sebagai kasus abses leher dalam. Kesimpulan: Insisi dan drainase pada pasien dewasa merupakan pilihan utama terapi dalam lingkup yang lebih luas yaitu abses leher dalam, sedangkan terapi antibiotik konservatif pada abses retrofaring anak masih menjadi pilihan utama.
Kata kunci: abses retrofaring, abses leher dalam, insisi drainase, terapi konservatif
LEVERATING KOTTERS 8-STEP CHANGE MODEL FOR EFFECTIVE AL INTEGRATION IN EDUCATION
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Bublyk Lilia
Published: February 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education is a key direction for modernizing the learning process, enabling its adaptation to the needs of modern society and enhancing learning effectiveness. However, implementing AI in education is a complex process that requires careful planning and change management. John Kotter's 8-Step Change Model offers an effective strategy for successful integration of innovation, taking into account human factors and organizational aspects. This article explores the applicability of Kotter's 8-Step Change Model for the effective integration of AI into the educational process. Each step of the model is analyzed within the context of the educational environment, and recommendations for practical implementation are provided. The research objectives include analyzing Kotter's 8-Step Change Model and its key principles, examining the specifics of AI integration in education and the associated challenges, adapting the steps of Kotter's model to the process of AI implementation in educational institutions, and developing practical recommendations for administrators and educators on effective change management during AI integration. The article employs a comprehensive set of research methods, including analysis of scientific literature, modeling, generalization, and systematization of practical experience. The application of Kotter's 8-Step Change Model can significantly enhance the effectiveness of AI integration in education. The model helps administrators and educators plan and implement changes, taking into account human factors and minimizing resistance. Implementing AI in education opens up new opportunities for improving the learning process and preparing students for the challenges of the modern world.
Pathogenesis of Immune-Mediated Glomerulonephritis
Authors: Samsu Nur
Published: February 2025

Most forms of glomerulonephritis (GN) are characterized by a pathogenic immune response, which is mediated by the action of various immune system elements, both innate and adaptive. What is clear is that the immunopathogenesis of GN is very broad and complex. Deposits of immune complexes in the glomeruli activate complement and glomerular injury due to the involvement of circulating inflammatory cells and glomerular intrinsic cells, ultimately resulting in a wide variety of clinical manifestations, which depend in part on the location and immunopathology of the patient, including genetic and environmental factors, from asymptomatic to rapidly progressive GN. Most of the treatment strategies for GN are non-specific, consisting of corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents. Thus, an advanced understanding of GN immunopathogenesis may offer many opportunities for future therapeutic interventions on an individual basis. To further facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis of GN, the author also includes a graphical abstract.
Investigating The Role of Using Equity (E) Among Students To Achieve Equality
Authors: Hassan Mahill Abdallah Hassan  , Ayman Hamad Elneil Hamdan Abdala  , Muayad Muhammed Ali Awadalbari  , Javed Ahmad  , Gaus Chowdhury  , Ghada Alghabbash
Published: February 2025

This study aims to answer the question, “to what extent using  Equity (E) among students can achieve equality”?. To highlight that using  Equity (E) among students can achieve equality. Therefore, the analysis concentrates on observation and testing to identify students’ problems and provide solutions. These means have been chosen as primary tools for the analysis because they are closely related to the two kinds of activities, mainly written and spoken. Problem-solving-based learning and learning-by-doing analysis are used to respond to such situations. Written and spoken activities are set to clarify the level of students among themselves, namely weak and strong. The study is concerned with analyzing how weak students (WS) can get help to develop their level in terms of performance perspective. The analysis has proved that using Equity (E) among students to achieve equality is highly recommended.
The Autobiography of Malcom X: A Modern Mythical Hero’s Journey from Self-destruction to Global Outreach
Authors: Albarrak Huda
Published: February 2025

The Autobiography of Malcolm X, with its influential rhetoric and powerful ideas, has continued to inspire generations since its publication. This research argues that part of the autobiography’s enduring appeal stems from its mythical structure and the portrayal of heroism throughout Malcolm X’s narrative and rhetoric. Specifically, this study explores how Malcolm’s autobiography aligns with Joseph Campbell’s monomyth, or "hero’s journey." Campbell’s model includes several stages that resonate with Malcolm’s life story. This research examines how racism drives Malcolm to leave Michigan, initiating his journey in accordance with Campbell’s "departure" from the ordinary world to the special world. It also explores how Malcolm’s years as a ghetto hustler, his conversion to Islam, and his time as a Black Muslim correspond to Campbell’s "initiation" stage. Lastly, the research addresses Malcolm’s break from the Nation of Islam and his transformative pilgrimage, culminating in his global outreach and new convictions, which mirror Campbell’s "return to the ordinary world." Additionally, this study incorporates critical race theory to examine how systemic racism and Malcolm’s resistance to it shape his journey, adding depth to his heroic transformation. Reading The Autobiography of Malcolm X in light of Campbell's hero’s journey allows readers to recognize the universal patterns in the lives of influential heroes and provides an additional explanation for Malcolm’s timeless appeal.
Ethical AI: Addressing Bias and Fairness in Machine Learning Models for Decision-making
Authors: Dip Bharatbhai Patel
Published: February 2025

Ethical Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a cornerstone of responsible technology development, especially as machine learning (ML) models increasingly influence critical decision-making processes in fields such as healthcare, finance, hiring, and criminal justice. This paper delves into the pressing issue of bias and fairness in machine learning models, examining the sources of bias, its societal implications, and strategies to mitigate its impact. We explore technical and non-technical approaches to ensuring fairness, including algorithmic interventions, data preprocessing techniques, and organizational policies. Our findings emphasize the need for a multifaceted approach to ethical AI that integrates technical rigor with societal awareness, fostering systems that are both accurate and equitable.
Early Detection Of Financial Crisis: Analysis Of Insurance Companies On The Indonesian Stock Exchange
Authors: Marista Winanti Sutadipraja  , Zuchruva Aulia Rachmadianti  , M. Naufal Shidqii Dhiyaulhaq
Published: February 2025

This research aims to analyze the influence of Liquidity, Cash Flow, Institutional Ownership, Profits, and Independent Commissioners on Financial Distress in Insurance Companies. The unit of analysis is 15 insurance companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2021 period. The independent variables used in this research are Liquidity which is measured using the current ratio (CR), Cash Flow which is measured through operating activities, Institutional Ownership which is measured through the percentage of shares owned by institutional parties, Profit which is measured using profit before tax (EBT), and Independent Commissioners which are measured using the percentage of the number of independent commissioners. Meanwhile, the dependent variable is Financial distress which is measured using ICR (Interest Coverage Ratio). The sample collection method used by researchers is purposive sampling. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that Liquidity, Cash Flow, Institutional Ownership, Profits, and Independent Commissioners have a significant influence on Financial Distress conditions.
Exploring Teachers' Perspectives on the Use of Reciprocal Teaching in Reading Comprehension
Authors: Ahmed Emad , Abdellatief Hossam , Mohammed Rabah
Published: February 2025

Scholars, educators and politicians have been interested in English language education for long. Though there’s a rising significance of English as a global language, there still needs to be agreement on the most effective techniques for teaching English language skills, especially English as a second language. Understanding the opinions and attitudes of English instructors towards language instruction could definitely assist in shaping educational practices and initiatives. This research sought to evaluate English instructors’ perspectives on English language education using the reciprocal teaching strategy. Reciprocal teaching is a cooperative learning strategy that aims to improve students' reading comprehension skills, with four components: predicting, clarifying, questioning, and summarizing. English language learning as a second language has become of a wide interest all over the world. As reading comprehension represents one of the key stones of English language learning, the problems of students in the secondary stages in Egypt need to be resolved as a way to facilitate their English language learning. This study is one of the efforts to enhance such students; reading comprehension. It is a descriptive quantitative case study. A teacher questionnaire was used for collecting qualitative data. After preparing, validating and administering the study tool, a questionnaire, to teachers who teach in the experimental language secondary schools, results were in favor of using reciprocal teaching for enhancing these students’ reading comprehension.
Hepato-protective Potentials of methanol leaf extract and chromatographic fractions of Solanum aethiopicum on Cyclophosphamide-induced Megaloblastic Anaemia in Rats
Authors: AJA OTI  AGHA , OKAFOR POLYCARP N. , EGBACHUKWU SIMEON I.
Published: February 2025

The hepato-protective potentials of methanol leaf extract and chromatographic fractions of Solanum aethiopicum on cyclophosphamide-induced megaloblastic anaemia in rats were evaluated using standard protocols. The extracts toxicity study, proximate, vitamins and phytochemical analyses were investigated. The fractionation and thin-layer chromatography yielded five fractions. Proximate constituents results include moisture (39.46±0.08%), dry matter (60.54±0.08), ash content (72.12±0.02%), crude fibre (11.97±0.04%), crude fat (2.56±0.02%), protein content (15.48±0.07%); Important vitamins such as Vit. C (53.27±0.05mg/kg), Vit. B9 (60.24±0.50mg/kg), and Vit. B12 (63.98±0.01mg/kg); and phytochemicals such as alkaloids (5.23±0.02mg/100g), flavonoids (21.49±0.16mg/100g), phenols (25.82±0.26mg/100g), and tannins (3.09±0.04mg/100g), were observed in the sample. The results revealed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in total protein, albumin, and globulin concentrations in all the groups treated with various doses of S. aethiopicum leaf extract when compared with group II rats. ALT, AST, ALP and total bilirubin levels significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all the groups treated with various doses of S. aethiopicum leaf extract when compared with group II rats. The result further revealed a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in ALT, AST, ALP and Total bilirubin concentrations across all the groups treated with the five fractions in comparison with group II rats. The observed bioactive constituents of S. aethiopicum leaf could be behind the different degrees of efficacy exhibited by the fractions and crude extracts in this study. Therefore, S. aethiopicum leaf has beneficial hepato-protective properties in rats at a therapeutic dose that supports its use in the treatment of hepatic diseases.
Влияние последовательности слоев на прочность многослойных СВС-композитов при трехточечном изгибе
Authors:   Московский государственный университет им. М.В. Ломоносова, г. Москва, Россия, Хвостунков К.А. ,   ФГБУН Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАН, Бажин П.М. ,   ФГБУН Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова РАН
Published: February 2025

Развитие технологий получения компактных слоистых композитов методом свободного сжатия на основе самораспространяющегося высокотемпературного синтеза (СВС) позволяет создавать произвольные пропорции как геометрии, так и механических свойств слоев материала. В данной работе предлагается развитие модели двухслойного СВС материала до уровня многослойного двухкомпонентного композита с симметричным и периодическим (несимметричным) расположением слоев. Модель строится в рамках таких трех параметров как отношение толщины нижнего слоя ко всей толщине образца, отношение прочностей на изгиб материала нижнего слоя к следующему слою и отношение модулей Юнга. В качестве критерия разрушения был использован критерий максимального растягивающего. Ввиду высокой прочности диффузионного соединения слоев, достигаемой при СВС-технологии, эффекты расслоения в процессе нагружения не учитывались, а жесткость на изгиб таких материалов как борид титана позволила ограничить кинематику задачи рамками модели балки Бернулли-Эйлера. Рассмотрен эффект изменения предельной нагрузки при трехточечном нагружении при смене очередности слоев в результате переворачивания образца. На примере таких материалов слоев как титан и борид титана проведено сравнение прогнозируемой по предлагаемой модели предельной величины нагрузки и экспериментальных данных по разрушению при трехточечном нагружении. Получено хорошее соответствие модели и эксперимента и подтвержден эффект начала разрушения не со внешнего слоя образца, а с нижнего края второго слоя. Показаны варианты в рамках модели многослойного композита, когда разрушение также начинается не со внешнего слоя, что может затруднять визуальный контроль зарождения очагов разрушения, например, на обшивке из слоистого материала.
Метод испытаний полимерных композиционных материалов на усталость при сдвиге при симметричном цикле нагружения
Authors:   ГНЦ ФАУ «Центральный институт авиационного моторостроения им. П.И. Баранова», г. Москва, Россия, Демчишин А.В. , Пальчиков Д.С. ,   ГНЦ ФАУ «Центральный институт авиационного моторостроения им. П.И. Баранова», г. Москва, Россия
Published: February 2025

Рассмотрены методы экспериментального определения статической прочности при сдвиге у полимерных композиционных материалов. Выделены их преимущества и недостатки. Отмечены границы их применимости. В качестве метода, схему нагружения и закрепления образца которого можно адаптировать для испытания на сдвиг на усталость при любых коэффициентах асимметрии цикла, в том числе и при симметричном цикле нагружения, выбран метод Иосипеску (ASTM D5379/D5379M-12). Главными критериями, по которым был сделан выбор, являются: создание чистой и равномерной рабочей зоны, возможность проведения усталостных испытаний для всех трёх направлений сдвига τxy, τxz, τyz, возможность проведения усталостных испытания при разных коэффициентах асимметрии. Современные испытательные оснастки, выполненные по ASTM D5379/D5379M-12, не позволяют проводить усталостные испытания при симметричном цикле нагружения. В связи с этим, сформированы требования к испытательной оснастке. Показаны недостатки геометрии образца и схемы нагружения, преодоление которых предполагается за счёт конструктивного исполнения испытательной оснастки. Указано, что равномерная рабочая зона в образце достигается при расстоянии между V-образными вырезами, равном 60% от общей толщины образца. Среди недостатков отмечаются: смятие образца по торцам, образование трещин, исходящих из V-образного концентратора, воздействие на образец в процессе испытания изгибающего и внеплоскостного момента. Отдельным преимуществом выделяется возможность проведения испытания при повышенной температуре (до 400оС). Оценка общей жёсткости оснастки проведена с помощью конечных элементарных моделей. Кондиционность усталостного разрушения образцов необходимо подтверждать экспериментально.