bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METABOLIC SYNDROME: THE ROLE OF ABDOMINAL OBESITY IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF INSULIN RESISTANCE
Authors: Evdochkova T. I. , Savasteyeva I. G. , Lesyukova V. N. , Selkina V. D. , Snitsarenko E. N. , Rusalenko M. G.
Published: November 2021

Aim: to define the structure of different factors of metabolic syndrome influencing the development of insulin resistance. Material and methods . 140 patients were examined, and the basic parameters of metabolic syndrome were evaluated. The thickness of subcutaneous and preperitoneal fat was measured, the abdominal wall fat index and HOMA-IR index were estimated. The factors which significantly influenced the development of insulin resistance were singled out by the method of double taking logarithms. Results . On the assumption of the obtained data it is possible to suppose that obesity is not a significant factor for the development of insulin resistance, and the risk of insulin resistance increases in young people. The ultrasonic diagnosis is an available and high-informative method of differential diagnostics of obesity types.
THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS LIVING IN AN ASYLUM
Authors: Shylova O. V. , Levkovsky R. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to assess the quality of life in schizophrenia patients under supervision in a neuropsychiatric asylum. Material and methods. Evaluation of the psychopathological status, survey using SDS and Q-LES-Q-SF questionnaires, statistical methods. Results. The patients revealed moderate satisfaction with life parameters, quite a high proportion of patients with low job satisfaction and employment, and related welfare. Conclusion. The findings are indicative of the necessity to develop rehabilitation methods based on employment and the use of the residual abilities to work.
THE METHOD OF GAS-DYNAMIC CALCULATION OF NITROGEN CRYOSURGICAL APPARATUS
Authors: Vesam Anwar Ali
Published: November 2021

The article considers the typical scheme of a nitrogen cryosurgical apparatus and describes the apparatus units such as the container with liquid nitrogen, capillaries to supply liquid and discard vapor phase of nitrogen, cryoprobe and operational tips. Methodologies for calculating hydraulic losses along the capillaries, local hydrodynamic resistances and level differences of the liquid phase of nitrogen in the container and cryoprobe have been reported. The maximum and minimum values of nitrogen pressure in the container have been calculated.
THE EFFECT OF GENDER FACTORS ON CERTAIN ASPECTS OF THE TREATMENT FOR VASCULAR DISEASES (literature review)
Authors: Bakalets N. F. , Kovalchuk L. S. , Kovalchuk P. N.
Published: November 2021

The data of the present review indicate that due to the recently constantly increasing amount of data on the significance of specific gender differences among cardiovascular diseases, choice of the treatment with the account of gender features is becoming of higher demand. This makes it possible to improve and optimize the rendering of medical aid to females and males.
THE MICROCIRCULATION PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ODONTOGENIC INFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF MAXILLOFACIAL AREA
Authors: Kabanova A. A. , Kozlovskiy V. I.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to determine changes of certain microcirculation parameters in patients with odontogenic inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area. Material and methods. The study included the results of a comprehensive survey of 31 patients with infectious and inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area of odontogenic etiology and 30 healthy donors. We studied the deformability of erythrocytes and aggregation of the suspension of leukocytes and platelets. Results. The parameters of the level and speed of the aggregation of the suspension of leukocytes and platelets in the development of infectious inflammatory diseases of maxillofacial area of odontogenic pathology increase in regard to those in healthy persons. At the same time, the similar comparison of the erythrocyte deformability in patients reliably decrease. Conclusion. There is a decrease in the erythrocyte deformability and increase in the rate and degree of aggregation of the suspension of leukocytes and platelets with the development of odontogenic infectious and inflammatory diseases in maxillofacial area. During the treatment of the patients the microcirculation abnormalities are preserved. The index of erythrocytes deformability in the blood plasma rises towards the end of the treatment relative to the values determined for just hospitalized patients.
THE GENDER AND AGE DYNAMICS OF ANTHROPOMETRIC PARAMETERS AND BODY TYPES IN CITY SCHOOLCHILDREN AT PUBERTY
Authors: Melnik V. A. , Melnik S. N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of the longitudinal study of anthropometric parameters and body types of the same schoolchildren at puberty over 2010-2014 (boys aged 13-17 and girls - 10-14). It has been ascertained that boys during the second year of puberty (at the age 13-14) have the maximum increase of anthropometric parameters, and girls - during their third and fourth years (at the age 12-14). The schoolchildren of the two gender groups during puberty detect more considerable increase of the ratio of hypersomic body types and decrease in the ratio of leptosomic types. Transfers from one body type to other during the same year of puberty more often happened within the related somatotypes. When schoolchildren reached puberty, they returned to the initial somatotype which was characteristic for the pre-puberty period of ontogenesis.
ГЕОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ И ФИЗИКО-МЕХАНИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ ФИБРОБЛАСТОВ И РАКОВЫХ КЛЕТОК ЧЕЛОВЕКА ЛИНИЙ А549 и HEp-2c, ОЦЕНЕННЫЕ С ПОМОЩЬЮ АТОМНО-СИЛОВОЙ МИКРОСКОПИИ
Authors: Starodubtseva M. N. , Starodubtsev I. E. , Petrenyov D. R. , Yegorenkov N. I.
Published: November 2021

Using an atomic force microscopy we studied the physical and mechanical parameters of cell surface layer patches (the parameters of local sliding friction force between atomic force microscope tip and cell surface and the fractal dimension of lateral force maps) and geometrical parameters of whole cells (cell contour, topography, diameter, height and others) for treated with glutaraldehyde (0,5 %) human fibroblasts and cancer epithelial cells lines A549 (lung carcinoma) and HEp-2c (larynx carcinoma). The revealed differences in the studied parameters are indicative of the difference in the cortical cytoskeleton state of the cells.
POST-RESECTION REGENERATION OF THE LIVER IN CASE OF RETRORSIN-INDUCED LESION
Authors: Skuratov A. G. , Lyzikov A. N. , Petrenyov D. R. , Osipov B. B. , Achinovich S. L.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the regenerative processes of the liver affected by retrorsin after its resection and to assess the reparative role of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in experiment. Material and methods. Wistar laboratory rats; mesenchymal stem cells from adipose tissue (isolation, cultivation); experimental model of retrorsin-induced hepatitis; liver resection; intraportal introduction of mesenchymal stem cells; light microscopy, morphometry. Results. Using the models of hepatic insufficiency (liver resection, chronic hepatitis) we showed the liver regeneration, whose mechanism involved proliferation of mature hepatocytes (increased mitotic activity, increased cell nuclear device) and biliary ductal epithelial cells. Conclusion. Intraportal administration of autologous MSCs into animals with retrorsin-induced hepatitis contributed to the enhancement of regenerative processes in the liver after its resection in comparison with the control data.
IDIOPATHIC PULMONARY HEMOSIDEROSIS (GELEN - GELLERSTEDT SYNDROME)
Authors: Shalyga I. F. , Mishin A. V. , Kozlovskaya T. V. , Martemyanova L. A. , Turchenko S. Y. , Shibayeva N. N.
Published: November 2021

The work presents a case of rare pathology - idiopathic pulmonary hemosiderosis - in an old female patient. It describes the morphological changes in the organs and their correlation with the data of clinical and laboratory and tool methods of examination and shows the difficulties in the lifetime verification of the diagnosis and the diagnosis of this disease
THE MORPHOLOGICAL AND PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE LIVER IN ELDERLY PATIENTS
Authors: Kalinin A. L.
Published: November 2021

The liver experiences various changes with aging that could affect clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with liver diseases. Both liver volume and blood flow decrease significantly with age. These changes and decreased cytochrome P450 activity can affect drug metabolism, increasing susceptibility to drug-induced liver injury. Immune responses against pathogens or neoplastic cells are lower in the elderly, although these individuals may be predisposed to autoimmunity through impairment of dendritic cell maturation and reduction of regulatory T cells. These changes in immune functions could alter the pathogenesis of viral hepatitis and autoimmune liver diseases, as well as the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. Collectively, aged patients show various changes of the liver and other organs that could affect the clinical characteristics and management of liver diseases in these patients.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORRELATIONS OF THE HEART RATE VARIABILITY AND TURBULENCE PARAMETERS IN PATIENTS WITH ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION II DEGREE
Authors: Aleynikova T. V.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to analyze the correlations of the parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) and heart rate turbulence (HRT) in patients with arterial hypertension of the II-nd degree. Material and methods. We have studied the parameters of heart rate variability and turbulence in 214 persons with arterial hypertension of the II-nd degree, of them 80.8 % having ventricular arrhythmias according to the Holter monitoring. We have analyzed the correlations of the parameters with the patient’s age, average heart rate (HR), circadian index (CI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The statistical analysis of the results has been made using the analytical package «Statistica» 10.0. Results. We have revealed statistically significant correlations of the HRV parameters with the age of patients, average HR, circadian index, ejection fraction. Thus, high level of the statistical significance of the interrelation of HRV parameters has been confirmed. We have received statistically significant correlations of the HRT parameters with the left ventricular mass index (LVMI), ejection fraction, HR average, quantity ventricular extrasystoles. High level of the statistical significance of the interrelation of HRT parameters (TO and TS) has been revealed. Conclusion. The received results can be used during the selection of the group of patients with arterial hypertension having high risk for unfavorable outcomes. Taking into account the features of the heart rate variability and turbulence parameters and factors associated with them this will enable the individualization of the assessment of the risk in arterial hypertension as much as possible and prescription of adequate treatment for each patient.
THE RECONSTRUCTION OF EXTERNAL NASAL FULL-THICKNESS DEFECTS WITH PLASTIC MATERIAL USING ALLOCARTILAGE
Authors: Ivanov S. A. , Shlyaga I. D.
Published: November 2021

The worked out technique of the reconstruction of full-thickness nasal defects consists in formation of three-layer plastic material based on skin-fascial flap, allogene cartilage and dermal transplantation. We have performed 13 operations, and all the patients have achieved acceptable clinical outcomes. The article presents the data on surgical wound healing, detection of the transplanted allocartilage, estimation of the cosmetic results by the visual analog scale.
THE FEATURES OF THE COURSE OF PREGNANCY, DELIVERY, POSTPARTUM PERIOD AND STATE OF NEW-BORNS IN WOMEN WITH GENITAL HPV INFECTION
Authors: Kravchenko S. S. , Zakharenkova T. N. , Teslova O. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective : to define the features of the course of pregnancy, delivery, postpartum period and state of newborns in female patients with genital HPV infection, depending on its form and viral load; to assess the factors of the course of gestation and delivery in the vertical transmission of neonatal persistence of HPV infection. Material and methods. The study involved 132 pregnant women with genital HPV infection, their babies immediately after birth (n = 107) and at the age of 6 months (n = 106). The comparison group included pregnant patients, women in delivery and postpartum period who were under supervision and who gave childbirth in Gomel region over 2011-2012 (30087 pregnancies, 33477 births). Results. Pregnancy in women with HPV infection is frequently complicated by the threat of miscarriage (p = 0.0016). The clinical manifestations of HPV infection showed no effect on the gestation. Patients with high HPV load (5 lg GE per 100,000 cells) had birth canal injuries (p = 0.029) 3 times more often. Pregnancy complicated by gestosis and anemia, as well as vaginal childbirth were risk factors for perinatal transmission of HPV. The course of pregnancy and delivery were not determining factors in the persistence of HPV in the baby`s upper airways. Conclusion. We have defined the features of the course of pregnancy and delivery in women with genital HPV infection (the threat of miscarriage, birth canal injury with high viral load of HPV), the factors of perinatal transmission (gestosis and anemia during pregnancy, vaginal delivery).
Malignant tumors of ENT organs in Gomel region: DESCRIPTION of the patient cohort OVER 1998-2012
Authors: Ivanov S. A. , Shlyaga I. D. , Grabareva G. L.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to analyze the distribution of the cohort of patients with malignant tumors of ENT organs in Gomel region over 1998-2012. Material and methods. We analyzed the absolute case numbers of cancer of the larynx, oropharynx, hypopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses. The patients were grouped in accordance with sex, age, and tumor stage. Results. The most common sites of ENT tumor were: the larynx - 40 %, the hypopharynx - 27 %, the oropharynx - 24 % (2010-2012). The dynamics of the sites: stable number of patients with laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancer and cancer of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, increase in the number of patients with oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. The ratio of 50-64 year-old patients increased. More than half of the cases of cancer of the oropharynx, laryngopharynx, nasopharynx, nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are detected at III-IV tumor stage. Conclusion. The annual number of patients with tumors of ENT organs in Gomel region is more than 200 and is increasing due to the cases of oropharyngeal and laryngopharyngeal cancer. More than 90 % of the patients are men of the employable age. Early diagnosis of tumors of ENT organs stays a topical issue in the region.
SCHIZOPHRENIA AND ALCOHOL ABUSE
Authors: Hmara N. V. , Tsitko A. N. , Kovalenko D. A.
Published: November 2021

The present work analyzes a medical case and gives review of literature on the comorbid combination of alcohol abuse and schizophrenia, discusses the difficulties of the diagnosis and treatment.
MODERN ENDOSCOPIC CLASSIFICATIONS OF EPITHELIAL NOEPLASMS IN COLON. THEIR ROLE IN MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS
Authors: Lagodich N. A. , Varabei A. V. , Mahmudov A. M.
Published: November 2021

Early diagnostics and removal of precancer lesions of the mucous membrane in the colon are recognized as a modern preventive measure against colorectal cancer. Thanks to the development of endoscopic equipment and emergence of systems of high resolution, the idea about the morphology of predecessors of malignant tumors has changed. It has become possible to predict the histologic structure of the epithelial mass in real time. Notions about situations when one should resort to standard polypectomia, mucosal resection or submucosal dissection have been so far formed.
MAIN FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF MODERN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SPHERE OF MEDICAL AND SOCIAL WELFARE AND DISEASE PREVENTION AMONG ELDERLY PERSONS
Authors: Rebko A. A. , Semutenko K. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to establish key factors influencing the level of implementation of modern information and communication technologies in the sphere of medical and social welfare and disease prevention among the elderly. Material and methods. We have studied publications containing information about the key factors that determine the level of implementation of modern information and communication technologies in the sphere of public health aimed at maintaining high quality of life and health promotion among the elderly. The analysis, processing, and classification of the received data have been carried out. Results and discussion. The article identifies and systematizes factors that may affect the level of implementation of information and communication technologies into daily life of elderly patients, determines the degree of modifiability of these factors and the possibility of further practical application of the received data in the Republic of Belarus. Conclusion. Most of the factors identified in the article are modifiable. Correction of these factors by teaching the elderly, changes in the legislation or other evidence-based methods can improve the health and quality of life of the elderly population.
THE CASE OF SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OF DISSEMINATED FORM OF ZOONOTIC CUTANEOUS LEISHMANIASIS
Authors: Mitsura V. M. , Krasavtsev E. L. , Razuvanova I. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: using a clinical case of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis to characterize the possibilities of its diagnosis and treatment options. Material and methods. Data on the medical history, clinical and laboratory parameters of the examination of the patient with a disseminated form of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis were studied in comparison with data from literary sources. Results. The patient with cutaneous leishmaniasis was infected in Turkmenistan. Skin lesions (multiple ulcers, lymphangitis, edema) progressed and led to disability. After Itraconazole course failure, the treatment with Glucantime was prescribed, including its systemic and local (with Dimexidum) application, after which the local manifestations decreased significantly. Conclusion. Imported cases of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis into the Republic of Belarus have become more frequent. Doctors specializing in dermatology, infectious diseases, and general practitioners must know the principles of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. Combined systemic and local application of Glucantime can promote rapid relief of local symptoms.
EARLY REPOLARIZATION SYNDROME IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS: DIAGNOSTIC ALGORITHM TO ALLOW CHILDREN TO DO PHYSICAL EXERCISE
Authors: Skuratova N. A.
Published: November 2021

The article presents clinical cases and also fragments of the electrocardiogram in children with early repolarization syndrome in different clinical situations and gives literary data on the importance of this phenomenon. It has been indicated that early repolarization syndrome may be related to many reasons, which requires an individual diagnostic approach. If the child`s electrocardiogram exposes early repolarization syndrome, it is necessary to consider the medical history and clinical characteristics of the child and to use the diagnostic algorithm presented in the article before allowing the child to do physical exercise and sports.
DEVELOPMENT OF MULTIPLE ORGAN DYSFUNCTION SYNDROME IN A CHILD AFTER A VIPER`S BITE
Authors: Karamyshev A. M.
Published: November 2021

Vipera berus is the only venomous snake living in Belarus. Poison of a viper has a hemorrhagic and necrotizing effect. As a result of the poisoning with these poisons, hemorrhagic hypostases, blood clotting disorders, and destruction of tissues develop, which can lead to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome or even a fatal outcome. It is extremely dangerous when a viper bites a person into the area of the heart or neck. If medical aid is not provided in time, the person may die of suffocation as the edema on the neck will weigh upon the trachea [1, 2]. The article presents the observation of clinical cases of MODS development in children after a viper`s bite and the favorable outcome after performing a course of intensive care at ICU Gomel Regional Clinical Hospital.
INDIVIDUAL TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF ADAPTATION MECHANISMS AND HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN ROWERS DEPENDING ON THE DIRECTION OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY
Authors: Shtanenko N. I. , Galitsky G. N. , Bud'ko L. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the individual features of adaptation mechanisms for the direction of the training and competitive process at stages of a year-long training of rowers-canoeists. Material and methods. We have studied the typological features of vegetative regulation in rowers, members of the national kayak-paddling and canoeing rowing team by the method of cardiointervalography with PAK «Omega-C». The features of restoration of adaptation reserves were evaluated with parameters of the spectral analysis of HRV in the preparatory and precompetitive periods during two years of the training at the beginning of the weeklong microcycle after a day of rest. Results. We have identified three types of muscular metabolic activity in the rowers: aerobic «stayer», anaerobic «sprinter» and aerobic-anaerobic, which corresponded to the character of the competitive activities of the sportsmen. The studied rowers revealed individual typological features of autonomic providing of HRV which are implemented by inclusion of different regulatory systems. Conclusion. The level of manifestation of decrease of the parameters of HRV spectral analysis in the sportsmen reflects the physiological price of adaptation to the direction of the competitive activity.
THE COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE METHODS OF DIAGNOSTICS OF THE STATE OF THE CERVIX DURING PREGNANCY
Authors: Kaplan Yu. D. , Zakharenkova T. N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents modern methods of diagnostics of cervical incompetence, the ability to predict preterm birth using modern methods of research.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING SIMULATOR FOR INTRAVENOUS INJECTION AND BLOOD SAMPLING
Authors: Dokhov O. V. , Anashkina S. A.
Published: November 2021

This article deals with the experience in the development of medical simulation equipment for training of certain practical skills. The article presents a method used for determination of significant validity criteria a simulator must have. The work shows the means and economic reasonability of the development of high-fidelity simulator equipment in the conditions of an elementary simulation centre.
INDICATORS OF HORMONAL AND CYTOKINE STATUS IN FEMALE PATIENTS OF REPRODUCTIVE AGE
Authors: Lyzikova Yu. A. , Rublevskaya E. I. , Voropaev E. V. , Osipkina O. V.
Published: November 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the levels of steroid and gonadotropin-releasing hormones, prolactin, pro-inflammatory cytokines in female patients with reproductive disorders and those of the control group. Half of the patients of the study group revealed an increase in the threshold level of progesterone, and 32.14% of the female patients of the control group undergoing pregravid preparation detected hyperandrogenia. The level of proinflammatory cytokines was within the normal range in both the study and control groups.
THE CLINICAL AND X-RAY FEATURES OF PULMONARYMYCOBACTERIOSIS
Authors: Bondarenko V. N. , Shtanze V. A. , Goponyako S. V. , Zolotukhina L. V.
Published: November 2021

The morbidity rate of pulmonary mycobacteriosis is growing in the Republic of Belarus, which requires the study of the disease aimed at the improvement of the diagnostics, treatment and regular medical check-up of patients. We retrospectively studied 62 cases of pulmonary mycobacteriosis in patients observed in 2010-2016. It has been found that non-specificity of the clinical and roentgenological picture of mycobacterioses leads to diagnostic difficulties. The most reliable verifying method is multiple detecting and identification of non-tuberculous mycobacteria by cultivation. The etiotropic treatment of the patients must be provided taking into account the individual sensitivity of an agent to antibacterial medicinal drugs.
MODERN POSSIBILITIES OF INTERVENTION RADIOLOGY IN THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE PANCREATITIS AND ITS COMPLICATIONS (literature review)
Authors: Mayorov V. M. , Dundarov Z. A.
Published: November 2021

Wide use of interventional radiology methods is one of the promising trends in the improvement of the treatment of patients with severe pancreatitis. The minimally invasive interferences carried out under beam rider guidance, such as percutaneous punctures and percutaneous drainage, endovascular hemostasis and endovascular catheterization of celiac trunk, are effective at all stages of the course of severe pancreatitis, and make it possible to avoid open operational interference in 40-90 % cases and to decrease mortality up to 8-9 %. The article presents the review of national and foreign publications dealing with controversial questions of surgical tactics in sharp liquid formations of the pancreas and omental bursa, effectiveness of the use of percutaneous draining operational interference in infected pancreatic necrosis and parapancreatitis. The world experience of endovascular stoppage of major haemorrhagic complications in patients with acute and chronic inflammatory diseases of the pancreas has been summarized. Questions of the selective intra-arterial infusion of medicines in severe pancreatitis have been studied.
THE FEATURES OF VEGETATIVE REACTIVITY DURING CONDUCTION OF ORTHOSTATIC TEST IN SPORTSMEN DEPENDING ON THE DIRECTION OF THE TRAINING PROCESS
Authors: Shtanenko N. I. , Brel Y. I. , Budko L. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to assess the features of initial vegetative tone and vegetative reactivity in sportsmen during their endurance training and speed-power physical exercises. Material and methods. We examined 50 sportsmen (22 athletes и 28 rowers) and 29 young men of the control group. The parameters of heart rate variability were evaluated by the results of ECG registration during conduction of the orthostatic test (complex «Polyspectr»). Results . The initial vegetative tone in speed-power sportsmen is characterized by more expressed activity of autonomic regulation of heart rhythm, and vegetative reactivity is characterized by higher degree of humoral-metabolic regulation mechanisms than in sportsmen specializing in endurance training. Conclusion. The features of the parameters of heart rate variability during the orthostatic test have been determined in dependence on the direction of the training process.
THE HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF RADIONUCLIDE RELEASE INTO THE SURFACE LAYER OF THE ATMOSPHERE AS A RESULT OF LOSS OF FLY-ASH FROM HOUSEHOLD FURNACES
Authors: Bortnovsky V. N. , Buzdalkin K. N.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to evaluate the maximum possible concentrations of radionuclides in the breathing area and the expected inhaled doses of irradiation of rural residents in case when timber harvested in the area of radioactive contamination is used as fuel. Material and methods: The data of the Institute of Radiology on the contamination of the area with radionuclides were used. Mathematical modeling was applied during the study. Results. The expected annual irradiation doses of the population of settlements situated by the border of the Polessky State Radiation Ecological Reserve due to the inhalation of 90Sr and 137Cs with furnace smoke can reach up to 0.27 mSv. The main contribution (96 %) of the expected radiation dose of the population due to stove smoke is made by 90Sr (in the absence of trans-uranium elements). Conclusion. The expected annual irradiation dose from the inhalation way of radionuclide release with the fly-ash from furnace smokes is much higher than from fires in the Chernobyl exclusion zone. The absolute values of the doses from this irradiation way do not exceed the legally established exposure limit (1 mSv per year) and are comparable with the external doses from the Chernobyl fallout.
REPOLARIZATION DISORDERS ON ELECTROCARDIOGRAM IN ADOLESCENTS
Authors: Skuratova N. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to demonstrate clinical cases using fragments of electrocardiograms in adolescents with repolarization disorders on the electrocardiogram. Material and methods. Clinical cases and fragments of ECG of children with repolarization disorders on the electrocardiogram have been presented. Results. Various functional tests make it possible to get important information for the differential diagnosis between the norm and pathology. Conclusion. Repolarization disorders in adolescents may be due to a number of reasons, so in-depth cardiac examination may be needed.
THE CLINICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL PARALLELS IN ANTENATAL FETAL DEATH
Authors: Zakharenkova T. N. , Santalova M. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to reveal significant clinical and demographic risk factors and pathomorphological features of the placenta in women with antenatal fetal death. Material and methods. The study included the retrospective analysis of 177 case histories of female patients who were delivered at the medical institutions of the city of Gomel within 2012-2016. The main group consisted of 87 women with antenatal fetal death at various gestational age. The comparison group included 90 women with a favorable pregnancy outcome. Results. The study has revealed pregravid risk factors of antenatal fetal death and the specific features of the course of pregnancy in women with antenatal fetal death: threat of abortion, chronic placental insufficiency, low placenta, polyhydramnios, fetal development delay syndrome, inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system, anemia, hypertensive disorders, pathomorphological features of the placenta (chronic placental insufficiency, placental hypoplasia, pathologically immature placenta, signs of ascending and hematogenic pathways of infection of the feto-placental system). Conclusion. Multiple factors of antenatal fetal death require a detailed analysis of each case of this pathology with the development of actual models of prevention and prognosis.
THE THERAPY OF ELDERLY PATIENTS WITH ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE USING OZONE-OXYGEN MIXTURE
Authors: Kovalchuk L. S. , Kovalchuk P. N.
Published: November 2021

The paper presents the results of application of ozone-oxygen mixture in the comprehensive treatment of 68 elderly patients with ischemic heart disease with stable I-II functional class angina. Ozone synthesis was carried out on the ozone therapeutic installation UOTA-60-01 «Medozon», Moscow. The therapy was carried out in the form of intravenous infusion of ozonized physiological solution with ozone concentration of 2-4 mg/l, 3 times per week, in the amount of 7 procedures in patients receiving nitrates, or beta blockers, or inhibitors of angiotensin converting enzyme. The results of the study indicate a high clinical efficacy of the method of ozone therapy, which is a qualitatively new approach in restorative treatment of elderly patients with ischemic heart disease.
MODERN TECHNIQUES OF DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF PRECANCEROUS CONDITIONS AND PREVENTIONOF GASTRIC CANCER
Authors: Platoshkin E. N. , Voropayeva A. V. , Bredikhina E. V. , Borsuk A. D. , Voytovich V. D.
Published: November 2021

The article presents data of international consensuses on the diagnosis and treatment of precancerous changes and conditions of the gastric mucosa and analyzes the experience of application of modern diagnostic techniques by the multidisciplinary team of specialists engaged in the prevention of gastric cancer. In conclusion, the article states the possibility of transition from the position of «evidence-based medicine» to personalized techniques of diagnosis and treatment in the matters of cancer prevention.
THE MODERN MATERIALS AND METHODS OF PROTECTION OF BIOLOGICAL OBJECTS FROM INFLUENCE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS AND RADIATIONS
Authors: Bannyi V. A. , Ignatenko V. A. , Azaryonok A. S. , Evtuhova L. A.
Published: November 2021

The aim of this review was the study of the influence of electromagnetic radiation of microwave range on biological objects. The analysis of modern materials and methods of protection of biological objects from microwave radiation is carried out. The properties of composite radioabsorbing materials based on the polymeric binding and functional fillers are analyzed. The mechanisms of influence on biological objects by the electromagnetic radiation of microwave range are analyzed. The conclusion is that the composite radioabsorbing materials and electromagnetic screens are an effective solution to the problems of electromagnetic safety and electromagnetic ecology. The most perspective among them are composite materials based on thermoplastic binding.
ASSESSMENT OF THE POTENTIAL OF EXPERIMENTAL USE OF RATS TO STUDY THE CHONDROPROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF MEDICAL PRODUCTS FROM HUMAN BLOOD
Authors: Nikolayev V. I. , Zinovkin D. A. , Tretyakov A. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the effect of human blood serum on the structure of the synovial environment of the rat`s joint. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on three groups of white laboratory rats, 12 in each group. All the animals were given injections of human blood serum into the left knee joint, and 0.9% NaCl into the right one (control). The animals of the first group were withdrawn from the experience one week after intra-articular injections, the second and third groups - also a week later, after two and three injections, respectively, the interval between the injections was one week. The histological examination of the knee joints of the rats was made according to the generally accepted procedure. Results. No pathological tissue reactions to the introduction of human blood serum into the joints of the rats have been detected. Conclusion. The obtained data indicate that blood serum has a pronounced regenerative potential in relation to cartilage tissue.
PIGMENT (BLACK) ADRENAL ADENOMA: DIFFICULTIES OF MORFOLOGICAL DIAGNOSIS
Authors: Kozlovskaya T. V. , Martemyanova L. A. , Shibayeva N. N. , Paskonnyy D. N.
Published: November 2021

Black (pigment) adrenal adenoma is a rather rare adenoma of the cortical layer of the adrenal gland. It has black or brown appearance and contains lipofuscin in its cell cytoplasm. Preoperative diagnosis of black adrenal adenoma is complicated as verification of the adenoma is based on histological features. The work presents a rare case of incidentally discovered non-functioning black adenoma of the right adrenal gland in a 52-year-old woman.
FEATURES OF PATHOGENESIS, THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS, ANTIOXIDANT SYSTEM, AND THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF NEUTROPHILS IN CHILDREN WITH COMMUNITY-ACQUIRED PNEUMONIA
Authors: Maloletnikova I. M.
Published: November 2021

The review presents data on the incidence rate, features of pathogenesis, antioxidant status, and functional and metabolic activity of neutrophils in children with community-acquired pneumonia.
НЕДОНОШЕННЫЕ ДЕТИ: ФАКТОРЫ РИСКА, ОТДАЛЕННЫЕ ПОСЛЕДСТВИЯ
Authors: Krivitskaya L. V.
Published: November 2021

In recent years there is an increasing topicality of the problem of prematurity because of the growing incidence of premature births in spite of the treatment of pregnant women and application of modern technologies of pregnancy prolongation. According to the WHO report (2015), 15 million children are born prematurely every year and this number is increasing. The article analyzes the risk factors for miscarriage depending on the degree of prematurity and also studies the pathology of the perinatal period, physical and psychomotor development in the first year of life of premature infants. Some distant outcomes of prematurity related to disturbances of physical development, motor and neurological disorders, and premature infant`s intellectual malfunction have been analyzed.
FEATURES OF CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS AND COURSE OF PYOINFLAMMATORY DISEASES OF THE SPINE
Authors: Petuhov V. I. , Kubrakov K. M. , Kornilov A. V. , Okulich V. K. , Migunova V. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the features of the clinical course of purulent spondylodysitis (SD). Material and methods . We have studied the general somatic and neurological status, the results of laboratory tests and instrumental methods of examination of 35 patients with SD. The median age of the patients was 57 years, 57.14 % were men, 42.86 % were women. Results. Spondylodiscitis of the cervical spine was detected in 3 (8.57%) patients, thoracic - in 14 (40 %) and lumbar - in 18 (51.43 %). Leukocytosis with a left shift and increased ESR are characteristic changes in general blood test in 100 % SD cases. Conclusion. Severe back pain (100 %), fever (80 %), and neurologic deficit (42.86 %) as motor disorders are the main clinical symptoms in patients with SD. S. aureus in 62.5% cases is the causative agent of SD and has a moderate ability to form biofilms. The presence of available abscesses in SD is an indication for their puncture under the supervision of ultrasound followed by bacteriological study before the beginning of antibiotic therapy. Сarbapenems are the most effective antibacterial drugs for SD.
A New Method of Quantified Evaluation of the Quality of Remission from Alcohol Dependence
Authors: Skvira I. M.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to develop a new method of quantified evaluation of the quality of remission in patients with alcohol dependence. Material and methods. A comparative study of a representative sample of patients with alcoholism (F 10.202) in remission of high (I group, n = 88) and low (II group, n = 44) quality has been performed. Results. It has been found that comprehensive examination of patients using the standardized clinical questionnaire with a high degree of significance (sensitivity 80 %, specificity 77.17 %) allows to diagnose a threat of relapse in alcohol dependence. Conclusion. The proposed new method for measuring the quality of remission in alcohol-dependent persons with can be used to assess the effectiveness of treatment and to prevent relapses.
Modern View on the Etiology and Pathogenesis of Endocrine Ophthalmopathy
Authors: Sadovskaya O. P. , Dravitsa L. V.
Published: November 2021

Endocrine ophthalmopathy (EOP) is an autoimmune progressing pathology, which in most cases is associated with Graves’ disease (GD), but also occurs in patients with autoimmune thyroiditis and euthyroidism without symptoms of thyroid disease. Despite the existence of the proven interconnection between thyroid pathology and EOP, the mechanisms of its pathogenesis have not been studied completely. The article covers the modern theories of etiology and pathogenesis, genetic predisposition to the development of EOP, the risk factors, features of the clinical course and major complications of this pathology. EOP may cause significant loss of visual acuity and lead to disability, so only the multidisciplinary approach, timely diagnosis and treatment may prevent the complications and preserve the quality of life of patients.
Current State of the Autoimmune Thyroiditis Problem
Authors: Rozhko V. A.
Published: November 2021

The review provides up-to-date data on pathogenetic mechanisms, opportunities of diagnosis, and organizational and medical measures concerning autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT). AIT is a polyetiological disease which is mainly caused by environmental factors, genetic predisposition and disorder in immune regulation. Primary AIT incidence in the Republic of Belarus in 2017 is 58 cases per 100,000 population in the overall structure of the thyroid gland pathology, the AIT accounts for up to 40 %. The upward trend in the number of autoimmune diseases of the thyroid gland, including that in ecologically unfavorable regions, is explained not only by the true increase in the number of patients with AIT, the consequences of stress, but also by the overdiagnosis. There is contradictory data on the correlation of the level of iodine sufficiency of the population with the AIT development; there is no convincing evidence of the role of radiation factors in increasing the risk of AIT. The review analyzes the correlation of AIT with an imbalance in a number of microelements involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones and affecting the iodine exchange. The article presents the study results that determined the nature of immune disorders in AIT and hypothyroidism in such forms as disorders of lymphocyte subpopulations, proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, changes in the apoptosis mechanisms, which were proposed for use as predictors of the severity of thyroid immune inflammation and hypothyroidism. The criteria for selecting patients with an increased risk of developing AIT complications remain unclear, that necessitates the development and implementation of additional organizational and medical measures for following-up of such patients and assessing their quality of life.
The Effect of Low Doses of Epsilon-Aminocaproic Acid on Blood Loss Following Cardiac Surgery under Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Authors: Osipenko D. V. , Skorokhodov A. A. , Silanov A. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the effectiveness of the application of low doses of epsilon-aminocaproic acid (EACA) (8-12 g) during cardiac operations under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) with the assessment of the effect on blood loss, number of transfusions, complications, and thromboelastometry parameters. Material and methods. The prospective, randomized study included 113 patients undergoing routine cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass. Two groups were formed: group 1 (n = 51) - an EACA bolus of 75 mg/kg was administered intravenously with titration of 30 mg/kg/h during CPB; group 2 (n = 62) was the control group. Conclusion. The introduction of low doses of EACA (10.2 (8.9; 11.4) g) reduces the thoracic-drainage volume by 30 %, reduces the frequency of donor blood transfusions by 38 % within 36-48 hours after the surgery without increasing the number of complications.
Endogenous Lactoferrin in the Assessment of Ferrokinetics in Children with Iron Deficiency States
Authors: Klimkovich N. N. , Zubritskaya G. P. , Venskaya E. I. , Kutko A. G. , Skorobogatova A. S. , Lukyanenko L. M. , Khazanova L. A. , Kovshun D. S. , Kozarezova T. I. , Slobozhanina E. I.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the concentration of endogenous lactoferrin in children with iron deficiency states before and during the treatment. Material and methods . The clinical and laboratory data of 31 patients with iron deficiency states (24 patients with iron deficiency anemia and 7 with latent iron deficiency) aged 0-17 (the median age was 9.7) and 7 healthy children (the median age was 12.4) who made up the control group have been analyzed. Hemogram and biochemical blood test were done according to the standard method. The concentration of endogenous LF in the blood serum was determined by the method of enzyme immunoassay using commercial test systems for the quantitative determination of human LF in the biological fluids (Elabscience) on the universal VICTOR2TM analyzer (Perkin Elmer, USA). Results . The study of ferrokinetics and LF concentration in the blood serum of the children with iron deficiency states has been performed. It has been shown that the children with iron deficiency reveal an increased LF level in the blood serum, which has variable values depending on age. The highest levels of the serum LF content are characteristic of patients under the age of three months, which is associated with the physiological mechanisms of the adaptation process of the hematopoietic system in newborns and infants. The LF concentration in the blood serum associated with ferrotherapy is increased compared to the corresponding indices before the treatment. Conclusion . From the results of the study its follows that the content of LF in the blood serum increases in iron deficiency and is associated with ferrotherapy. The obtained results will be used in further research aimed at the diagnosis of iron deficiency and prediction of the response to iron therapy.
The Morphological Characteristics of Bone Tissue Regeneration in the Application of Bone Grafting Auto-Mixture
Authors: Nadyrov E. A. , Nikolaev V. I. , Kirilenko S. I. , Rozhin V. V. , Maltseva N. G. , Achinovich S. L. , Dobysh A. A.
Published: November 2021

Objective: to study the morphological and morphometric features of bone tissue regeneration in the application of the native transplantation automixture during bone defects replacement in an experiment.

Material and methods. Male Wistar rats weighing 180-200 g. and aged 6-7 months were used. The bone defect was modeled using a 1.2 mm diameter cutter (experimental group). A similar defect of the middle third of the right tibia without filling the defect with bone tissue was formed in the animals of the control group. The animals were taken out of the experiment on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 30th days of the experiment (6 animals per each observation period). Histological sections 4-5 µm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The areas of necrosis, granulation tissue, bone trabecules (mm2) were determined.

Results. The laboratory animals in which the bone mixture had been transplanted revealed the growth of the area occupied by granulation tissue from the 3rd to 7th day of the experiment, and later its area had decreased by the 30th day compared to the control group, which was associated with faster transformation of granulation tissue into bone trabecules and formation of the foci of cerebrospinal hematopoiesis. On the 7th day of the experiment, the area of necrosis in the control group significantly exceeded the indicators of the experimental group (р ˂ 0.001). On the 14th day of the experiment necrosis in the animals of the experimental group was absent, while in the control one there were still some necrosis foci (0.541 ± 0.014 mm2). Starting from the 7th of the experiment, immature bone tissue began to form within the area of the bone tissue defect. At the same time, its area in the animals of the experimental group was statistically significantly larger on the 7th, 14th and 30th days in comparison with the control group during all observation terms (р ˂ 0.001).

Conclusion. The study has showed a higher rate of bone tissue formation in the bone defects in the experimental animals after autotransplantation of the bone mixture. The obtained results of bone autoplasty can be a theoretical basis for the development of the methods of the treatment of bone defects of any origin.
The Experience of the Management of Pregnancy with Large Uterine Fibroids
Authors: Gromyko N. L. , Zakharenkova T. N. , Lyzikova Yu. A. , Gerasimenko G. N.
Published: November 2021

The article presents a case of the successful management of pregnancy in a woman with large uterine fibroids and describes the main stages of the medical examination of the pregnant woman, planned hospitalizations, performed treatment, and features of the delivery.
Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy with Adverse Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Bik-Mukhametova Ya. I. , Zakharenkova T. N.
Published: November 2021

Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnanсу is the most common liver pathology in pregnant women. This disease has complex multifactorial pathogenesis, which is based on a genetic predisposition, insufficient amount of selenium in food and an incorrect reaction of a pregnant woman's body to a normal or elevated level of sex hormones and their metabolites. The main clinical manifestation is skin itching without skin rash. Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnanсy leads to the development of pregnancy complications, such as preterm labour, often accompanied by meconium staining of amniotic fluid. In newborns, regardless of the gestational age, it contributes to the development of severe respiratory distress syndrome. These complications during pregnancy and the perinatal period are accompanied by high perinatal morbidity and mortality. This article describes three cases of pregnancy complicated by intrahepatic cholestasis, with early neonatal death of newborns. An indepth study and identification of the possible predictors of perinatal death of newborns from mothers with intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy will prevent negative outcomes in the future.