bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypocaloric Peripheral Parenteral Nutrition Administered in Intestinal Reconnection Postoperative Patients with 3–5 Days Oral Fasting Indicated: A Case Report
Authors: De Aldecoa-Castillo Jesús Manuel , Frydman Tamara Daniela , Rubio-Mendoza Daniela , Alvarado-Vargas Carlos , Alpízar-Salazar Melchor
Published: February 2020

Postoperative patients of intestinal reconnection in Morelia, Mexico, are usually in for 3–5 days of oral fast, which increases protein catabolism in the patient, thus lengthening their hospital stay and increasing the risk of developing metabolic comorbidities. Hypocaloric peripheral parenteral nutrition (HPPN) reduces proteolysis and improves inflammatory markers in these patients. The aim of this case report is to determine whether or not peripheral parenteral nutrition (PPN) improves inflammation, lessening the postoperative risk. A 62-year-old female patient and her cancer diagnosis and intestinal reconnection surgery are discussed. PPN is not commonly used in this type of patients due to the short duration of the fast, although its use is common before surgery. However, postoperative use can be beneficial as well, and given the delicate postoperative state these patients are in, it is worth it (at least in these cases) to give them all the strength and tools available for a better recovery. PPN in the case discussed herein improved the patient’s inflammatory marker levels in a shorter period.
Hybrid Percutaneous-Endoscopic Removal (HPER) of Cholelithiasis
Authors: Simons-Linares C. Roberto , Gurajala Ram , Morris-Stiff Gareth , Chahal Prabhleen
Published: February 2020

Acute cholecystitis (AC) affects over 20 million Americans annually, leading to annual costs exceeding USD 6 billion. Optimal treatment is early cholecystectomy. However, patients deemed high surgical risk undergo percutaneous cholecystostomy tube (PCT) placement as a bridge to surgery or more commonly as a definitive therapy. We hereby describe our experience with a new procedure named “Hybrid Percutaneous Endoscopic Removal (HPER) of cholelithiasis” that is meant for patients with chronic indwelling PCT. This procedure is an effective alternative to EUS-guided gallbladder drainage in high-risk patients. It does not require special expertise or technology and is simply performed by placing a fully covered metal stent conduit through the existing mature percutaneous tract allowing the endoscopic removal of gallstones through this conduit. This procedure can prevent the recurrence of gallstone-related complications as well as chronic PCT-related costs and adverse events. In our video, we present a case series and long-term follow-up of patients who underwent HPER as an alternative definitive therapy for calculous AC.
Intravascular Ultrasound Imaging–Guided Versus Coronary Angiography–Guided Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Darmoch Fahed , Alraies M. Chadi , Al‐Khadra Yasser , Moussa Pacha Homam , Pinto Duane S. , Osborn Eric A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Intravascular ultrasound (
IVUS
) guidance during percutaneous coronary intervention (
PCI
) offers tomographic images of the coronary vessels, allowing optimization of stent implantation at the time of
PCI
. However, the long‐term beneficial effect of
IVUS
over
PCI
guided by coronary angiography (
CA
) alone remains under question. We sought to investigate the outcomes of
IVUS
‐guided compared with
CA
‐guided
PCI
.

Methods and Results

We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Medline, and Cochrane Central Register, looking for randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared
PCI
outcomes of
IVUS
with
CA
. Data were aggregated for the primary outcome measure using the random‐effects model as pooled risk ratio (
RR
). The primary outcomes were the rate of cardiovascular death, need for target lesion revascularization, occurrence of myocardial infarction, and rate of stent thrombosis. A total of 19 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 27 610 patients divided into
IVUS
(n=11 513) and
CA
(n=16 097). Compared with standard
CA
‐guided
PCI
, we found that the risks of cardiovascular death (
RR
, 0.63; 95%
CI
, 0.54–0.73), myocardial infarction (
RR
, 0.71; 95%
CI
, 0.58–0.86), target lesion revascularization (
RR
, 0.81; 95%
CI
, 0.70–0.94), and stent thrombosis (
RR
, 0.57; 95%
CI
, 0.41–0.79) were all significantly lower using
IVUS
guidance.

Conclusions

Compared with standard
CA
‐guided
PCI
, the use of
IVUS
imaging guidance to optimize stent implantation is associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular death and major adverse events, such as myocardial infarction, target lesion revascularization, and stent thrombosis.
Separation of Powers in the United Nations System?
Authors: Cullen Miriam
Published: February 2020

This article contends that separation of powers offers a mitigating force in answering questions about the limits of the authority of the UN’s primary organs and provides a tool through which one can identify where the rule of law is under threat. Whether or not one agrees that separation of powers as such has legal applicability to the UN in a strict sense, there is value in casting the separation of powers lens over the organization as it operates now. This exercise is worthwhile not just for posterity but also because evolution of law ought to be carefully monitored, particularly at a time when regard for the fundamental norms of international law are subject to increasing derision and even direct challenge. That contemporary political tensions have slowed the Security Council from its earlier activism is precisely why this article is timely, because it is in these times that institutional memory gets lost, the boundaries of authority blur, and populist narratives bring the rule of law under threat.
The Responsibility to Protect and Infrastructure in Myanmar
Authors: Palmer Emma
Published: February 2020

The responsibility to protect norm has been associated with prevention activities such as national capacity building. There has also been recognition that social and economic development may have a relationship to this principle. Physical and social infrastructure is said to contribute to development and may be delivered by private actors, including via partnerships between the state and foreign investors, donors and institutions. However, the role that private investors play in relation to responsibility to protect activities remains unclear. This article explores the relationship between private actors, infrastructure and the responsibility to protect in the context of Myanmar. It argues that considering these topics together presents opportunities and risks, since infrastructure might help to prevent atrocities, but can also — as in Myanmar — contribute to their commission. Careful planning and consultation are crucial when funding and managing infrastructure projects, supported by laws, guidelines, and the concepts of responsibility and prevention.
A further new species of Euphorbia (Euphorbiaceae) from Moçambique

Authors: BRUYNS PETER V.
Published: February 2020

A small shrubby species of Euphorbia belonging to subg. Euphorbia is described from the central part of Moçambique. It is closely related to E. contorta.
Homalosphodrus Stål, 1867 (Insecta: Heteroptera: Reduviidae): a junior objective synonym of Parsialus Stål, 1863
Authors: SWANSON DANIEL R.
Published: February 2020

The purpose of this note is to review the usage of the generic names Parsialus Stål, 1863 and Homalosphodrus Stål, 1867 (type species: Parsialus depressus Stål, 1863) for a genus of harpactorine assassin bugs from the Oriental Region, the latter apparently being an unnecessary replacement name proposed for the former. Although Parsialus Stål, 1863 has been used rarely since its replacement and Homalosphodrus is undoubtedly in prevailing usage, it is demonstrated that neither name has been used extensively in the last century; thus, the case for suppression of Parsialus Stål, 1863 lacks strong support, similar to the case of Lanchnophorus Reuter, 1887 in Rhyparochromidae discussed by Kment et al. (2017) and nearly mirroring the case of Cutocoris Stål, 1859 and Cydnocoris Stål, 1867 in Reduviidae discussed by Swanson (2019). As a consequence, Homalosphodrus Stål, 1867 is replaced by its senior objective synonym, Parsialus Stål, 1863.
New species of Euphorinae parasitoids of the family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from South Korea
Authors: KU DEOK-SEO , SAMARTSEV KONSTANTIN G. , BELOKOBYLSKIJ SERGEY A.
Published: February 2020

Four new species of braconid parasitoids of the subfamily Euphorinae (Braconidae) from South Korea are described and illustrated, Centistes (Centistes) ahni sp. nov., Leiophron (Leiophron) pubiscutum sp. nov., Perilitus koreanus sp. nov. and Peristenus brunigaster sp. nov.
Bioregionalisation of the freshwater zoogeographical areas of mainland China
Authors: HUANG CHAO , EBACH MALTE C. , AHYONG SHANE T.
Published: February 2020

Biogeographic regionalisations extract patterns of co-occurrence from different taxa to form a hierarchical system of geographical units of different scales. This system is useful for revealing biogeographic patterns and can be used as the basis for scientific communication between different fields. The history of Chinese freshwater biogeography is not well known to most modern biogeographers and is reviewed herein. We produce the first quantitative bioregionalisation of the freshwater zoogeographic areas of mainland China based on multiple animal groups. The combined occurrence data of amphibians, freshwater fish and freshwater crabs were subjected to cluster and network analyses. The two different methods yielded largely similar results. We propose four freshwater zoogeographical subregions (Beifang, Tarim, China, and the Tibetan subregion), three dominions for the China subregion (Jianghuai, Dongyang, and the new Dian dominion), three provinces for the Dian dominion (West Hengduan, Diannan Highlands and the new Yungui Plateau province) and two provinces for the Dongyang dominion (Zhemin and the new Huanan province) according to the naming rules of ICAN. The endemic areas of each animal group were then individually studied and were found to reflect the bioregionalisation at the subregion level, but differed from each other at the dominion and province level. Our analyses show that: (1) previous intuitive biogeographical studies have found similar areas; (2) there are recurring large scale biogeographic patterns in Chinese freshwater fishes, amphibians and freshwater crabs; and (3) bioregionalisations derived from quantitative methods can be effective for partitioning areas into biogeographically meaningful units.
A new genus of Hoplojassini from French Guiana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Iassinae) and identification key for species of tribe
Authors: GONÇALVES CLAYTON CORRÊA , DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , TAKIYA DANIELA MAEDA
Published: February 2020

A new monotypic genus of Hoplojassini from French Guiana is proposed, described, and illustrated. Carinojassus gen. nov. differs from other genera of the tribe by the slightly produced crown; deeply transversely striated and strongly declivous pronotum; scutellum not extended posterior to the clavus apex of the forewing at rest and with the posterior half strongly keeled medially and elevated dorsally; and the apically rounded forewing.
Characteristics of the North Pacific Oscillation in CMIP5 Models in Relation to Atmospheric Mean States
Authors: Sung Mi-Kyung , Yoo Changhyun , Yeh Sang-Wook , Kosaka Yu , An Soon-Il
Published: February 2020

The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO), the second leading atmospheric mode in the North Pacific Ocean, is known to be responsible for climate variability and extremes in adjacent regions. The reproducibility of the NPO in climate models is thus a topic of interest for the more accurate prediction of climate extremes. By investigating the spatial characteristics of the NPO in models from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), this study reveals the intimate relationship between the NPO structure and the atmospheric mean states over the North Pacific. The majority of the models reasonably capture the meridional contrast of pressure anomalies, but the detailed horizontal characteristics of the NPO are found to differ among the models. Diagnostic analysis of 30 climate models and long-term observations suggest that systematic bias in the mean atmospheric baroclinicity over the North Pacific crucially affects the horizontal shape and zonal position of the NPO. In the models in which the climatological continental trough over the western North Pacific extends farther to the east, the NPO tends to be simulated farther to the east, strengthening its impact on the downstream climate. In contrast, when the climatological continental trough is reduced in size toward the west, the growth of the NPO is limited to the west, and its influence is weakened downstream. This relationship can be understood via the altered available potential and kinetic energy conversions that feed the total energy of the NPO, primarily stemming from the difference in the mean horizontal temperature gradient and stretching deformation of the mean horizontal wind.
Sources of Tropical Subseasonal Skill in the CFSv2
Authors: Schreck Carl J. , Janiga Matthew A. , Baxter Stephen
Published: February 2020

This study applies Fourier filtering to a combination of rainfall estimates from TRMM and forecasts from the CFSv2. The combined data are filtered for low-frequency (LF, ≥120 days) variability, the MJO, and convectively coupled equatorial waves. The filtering provides insight into the sources of skill for the CFSv2. The LF filter, which encapsulates persistent anomalies generally corresponding with SSTs, has the largest contribution to forecast skill beyond week 2. Variability within the equatorial Pacific is dominated by its response to ENSO, such that both the unfiltered and the LF-filtered forecasts are skillful over the Pacific through the entire 45-day CFSv2 forecast. In fact, the LF forecasts in that region are more skillful than the unfiltered forecasts or any combination of the filters. Verifying filtered against unfiltered observations shows that subseasonal variability has very little opportunity to contribute to skill over the equatorial Pacific. Any subseasonal variability produced by the model is actually detracting from the skill there. The MJO primarily contributes to CFSv2 skill over the Indian Ocean, particularly during March–May and MJO phases 2–5. However, the model misses opportunities for the MJO to contribute to skill in other regions. Convectively coupled equatorial Rossby waves contribute to skill over the Indian Ocean during December–February and the Atlantic Ocean during September–November. Convectively coupled Kelvin waves show limited potential skill for predicting weekly averaged rainfall anomalies since they explain a relatively small percent of the observed variability.
Novel Biomarkers for Evaluation of Endothelial Dysfunction
Authors: Leite Ana Rita , Borges-Canha Marta , Cardoso Rita , Neves João Sérgio , Castro-Ferreira Ricardo , Leite-Moreira Adelino
Published: February 2020

Endothelial dysfunction is one of the earliest indicators of cardiovascular (CV) dysfunction, and its evaluation would be of considerable importance to stratify CV risk of many diseases and to assess the efficacy of atheroprotective treatments. Flow-mediated dilation is the most widely used method to study endothelial function. However, it is operator-dependent and can be influenced by physiological variations. Circulating biomarkers are a promising alternative. Due to the complexity of endothelial function, many of the biomarkers studied do not provide consistent information about the endothelium when measured alone. New circulating markers are being explored and some of them are thought to be suitable for the clinical setting. In this review, we focus on novel biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction, particularly endothelial microparticles, endocan, and endoglin, and discuss whether they fulfill the criteria to be applied in clinical practice.
Analysis of Multiple Factors Involved in Pertussis-Like Coughing
Authors: Cao Jiaying , Xu Lu , Pan Jiahua
Published: February 2020

Objectives. To identify risk factors associated with the prognosis of pertussis-like coughing. Methods. A retrospective study on children hospitalized with pertussis-like coughing from 2018 to 2019. We collected all the case data from medical records including age, gender, vaccination, clinical symptoms, complication, pathogens, white blood cell (WBC) count, lymphocyte ratio, application of macrolide antibiotics, usage of sulfamethoxazole, and usage of inhaled glucocorticoids. Logistic regression was used in this study. Results. A total of 213 hospitalized children with pertussis-like coughing were included in this study. About 70 children were cured within 2 weeks. One120 children were cured from 2 weeks to 3 months, including cases of initial attack and relapse. Symptoms lasting longer than 3 months accounts for 10.8%. Bordetella pertussis, WBC count >20 × 109/L and lymphocyte ratio >60% were associated with poor prognosis ( P < .05). Conclusions. Bordetella pertussis, WBC count, and lymphocyte ratio are independent risk factors for poor prognosis.
Improving four-point bending performance of marine composite sandwich beams by core modification
Authors: Balıkoğlu F , Arslan N , Demircioğlu TK , İnal O , İren M , Ataş A
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to improve four-point bending performance of foam core sandwich composite beams by applying various core machining configurations. Sandwich composites have been manufactured using perforated and grooved foam cores by vacuum-assisted resin transfer moulding method with vinyl-ester resin system. The influence of grooves and perforations on the mechanical performance of marine sandwich composite beams was investigated under four-point bending test considering the weight gain. Bending strength and effective bending stiffness increased up to 34% and 61%, respectively, in comparison to a control beam without core modification. Analytical equations were utilised for calculating the mid-span deflection, equivalent bending stiffness and ultimate bending strength of the sandwich beams. Finite element analysis was also performed to analyse the flexural response of the specimens taking into account the combined effect of orthotropic linear elasticity of the face sheet and the non-linear behaviour of the foam core.
Leaving Something for the Imagination: The Effect of Visual Concealment on Preferences
Authors: Sevilla Julio , Meyer Robert J.
Published: February 2020

When advertising products to consumers, firms sometimes conceal key aspects in an effort to arouse consumer curiosity. This research investigates when and how visual concealment tactics may benefit or hurt aesthetic product evaluations. The authors propose that when consumers are only able to view a portion of an aesthetic product, assessments of its appeal will be influenced by two interrelated mechanisms: curiosity to see the item completed and inferences about the item’s fully disclosed appearance. The authors show that heightened curiosity triggers feelings of positive affect that are transferred to the product itself, a process that may inflate preferences and choice likelihoods for products beyond what would occur if the full image were known. This transference effect, however, has an important boundary: it works only when initial consumer inferences about the appeal of the product are positive or emotionally congruent with the positive affect triggered by curiosity. The key implication is that, ironically, the products likely to benefit most from concealment tactics are those that have the least to hide. The authors provide evidence for these effects and the underlying mechanism using six experiments that manipulate concealment in a variety of task settings.
A novel mechanical ventilator providing flow-controlled expiration for small animals
Authors: Lozano-Zahonero Sara , Schneider Matthias , Spassov Sashko , Schumann Stefan
Published: February 2020

For investigating the effects of mechanical ventilation on the respiratory system, experiments in small mammal models are used. However, conventional ventilators for small animals are usually limited to a specific ventilation mode, and in particular to passive expiration. Here, we present a computer-controlled research ventilator for small animals which provides conventional mechanical ventilation as well as new type ventilation profiles. Typical profiles of conventional mechanical ventilation, as well as flow-controlled expiration and sinusoidal ventilation profiles can be generated with our new ventilator. Flow control during expiration reduced the expiratory peak flow rate by 73% and increased the mean airway pressure by up to 1 mbar compared with conventional ventilation without increasing peak pressure and end-expiratory pressure. Our new ventilator for small animals allows for the application of various ventilation profiles. We could analyse the effects of applying conventional ventilation profiles, pressure-controlled ventilation and volume-controlled ventilation, as well as the novel flow-controlled ventilation profile. This new approach enables studying the mechanical properties of the respiratory system with an increased freedom for choosing independent ventilation parameters.
Use of Spirituality to Make Sense of Loss by Homicide
Authors: Johnson Shannon K. , Zitzmann Brooks
Published: February 2020

This article presents a magnification of Stage 2 of the Theory of Post-Homicide Spiritual Change, a three-stage grounded theory of spiritual change after homicide (Theory of PHSC). Having endured the disintegration of their belief systems in the immediate aftermath of murder (Stage 1), survivors turn in Stage 2 to a more extended process of grappling with a crisis of meaning. This Stage 2 process is presented within the framework of the meaning making model, with attention to spiritual meaning making and transcendental experiences. Findings can help service providers support homicide survivors throughout an intermediary stage of bereavement that is marked by a sense of stagnation and diminished well-being. By accompanying survivors through the difficult meaning making efforts that characterize this stage, providers can help position them to break free of intensive cognitive meaning making and gain forward momentum in Stage 3 of the Theory of PHSC and can focus on aspects of life that can help them successfully make meaning of their loss while positioning them to gain forward momentum.
Sold out? The right-to-buy, gentrification and working-class displacements in London
Authors: Cooper Adam Elliott , Hubbard Phil , Lees Loretta
Published: February 2020

Since the 1990s, the renewal of council housing estates in London has involved widespread ‘decanting’ of resident populations to allow for demolition and redevelopment, primarily by private developers who sell the majority of new housing at market rate. This process of decanting has displaced long-term council tenants and shorter-term ‘temporary’ tenants, with many not able to return to the estate. In contrast, those leaseholders who bought under the ‘right-to-buy’ legislation introduced in the 1980s have a ‘right to remain’ by virtue of the property rights they have. Nonetheless, given the threat that their property will ultimately be subject to compulsory purchase because the redevelopment of the estate is in the ‘public interest’, these leaseholders experience similar displacement pressures to other residents. Describing these pressures, this article argues that the right-to-buy legislation offered these residents the illusion of entering a property-owning middle-class, but that they were never able to escape the labelling of council estates as stigmatised spaces which have ultimately been seized by the state and capital in a moment of ‘accumulation by dispossession’.
2019 Hans O. Mauksch Address Teaching: The Body in Question
Authors: Ferguson Susan J.
Published: February 2020

I presented the 2019 Hans O. Mauksch address at the American Sociological Association annual meeting in New York City on August 13, 2019. In this address, I explore how sociology faculty perceive their physical bodies in relationship to teaching. After reviewing the literature, I surveyed a national sample of sociology faculty from diverse institutional contexts to find out how aware they were of their bodies in the classroom. I also asked questions related to how aging, chronic illness, and other health issues might affect the utilization of their bodies in teaching. Finally, a third area of research emphasized whether or not sociology faculty saw teaching as performative, and if yes, in what ways. This article is adapted from that address.
A new approach to evaluate rock drillability of polycrystalline diamond compact bits using scratch test data
Authors: Han Yannong , Li Xiaorong , Feng Yongcun
Published: February 2020

Rock drillability is a comprehensive index that indicates the ease of drilling a hole in the rock mass, which is a main basis for the design of drilling bits, the optimization of drilling operational parameters, and the prediction of rate of penetration. This paper established a conversion relationship between mechanical specific energy measured from micro-drilling tests and mechanical specific energy measured from scratch tests, based on the consistency of rock breaking mechanism between these two types of tests. By incorporating the methodology of calculating rock drillability grade of polycrystalline diamond compact bits, a new mathematical model for predicting rock drillability of polycrystalline diamond compact bits is developed. Subsequently, a new method for acquiring continuous rock drillability profile by scratching the core surface is developed. A wide range of rocks with different hardness were tested by the proposed scratch method. The results show that the new model has high consistency with the results of laboratory micro-drilling tests. For example, the average errors of sandstone, shale, and carbonate test results are only 7.41%, 8.18%, and 4%, respectively. The new method can fully characterize the effect of mineral composition, cementation strength, and microstructure of rock on drillability. Besides, the new model has high utilization efficiency of expensive core samples because the core usually remains nondestructive after scratch tests.
Evaluation of a naturally derived waste brown oil extract for demulsification of crude oil emulsion
Authors: Okoro Emmanuel E , Nnaji Chinedu G , Sanni Samuel E , Ahuekwe Eze F , Igwilo Kevin C
Published: February 2020

Conventional methods of eliminating water from crude oil such as the chemical injection have both economic and environmental impacts; thus, this study proposed an economic and environmentally friendly demulsifier. The bottle test method was used to study the performance of the natural extract and commercial demulsifier on a crude oil sample. The GC-MS profile of the extract was in agreement with previous reports on composition of oil extracted from rice bran using hexane, ultrasound assisted extraction and conventional solvent extraction with ethanol. Varying degrees of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as well as retention times as observed, was a function of total time of scanning, according to NIST08 library of mass spectra. The performance of the demulsifier was expressed in terms of percentage of water separated from 100 ml samples of the oil samples. For both the demulsifiers, the performance increased with increase in volume of the demulsifier, separation time and operating temperature. The extracted demulsifier performed better than the chemical demulsifier under all the experimental conditions adopted in this study. Based on the parametric evaluation, it was observed the results from software corroborated the results obtained from experiments in terms of the observations of the combined effect of temperature and volume which showed the most significant influence on demulsification of the emulsified crude. The highest efficiency of the bio-demulsifier was obtained with a volume of 5 mL of the extract, at a temperature of 70°C and separation time of 60 min. A water separation efficiency of 85.6% was obtained as compared to the chemical demulsifier, which gave an efficiency of 80.2%.
Chronic Granulomatous Invasive Fungal Sinusitis: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Alarifi Ibrahim , Alsaleh Saad , Alqaryan Saleh , Assiri Hassan , Alsukayt Mohammed , Alswayyed Mohammed , Alromaih Saud , Aloulah Mohammad , Alroqi Ahmad Salman , AlQahtani Abdulaziz , Sumaily Ibrahim
Published: February 2020

Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal sinusitis (CGIFS) is a peculiar disease of the paranasal sinuses due to its rarity, patient subset, and disease course. We describe 7 cases of histopathologically confirmed CGIFS with different treatment plans and varying outcomes. Of particular note was that one of these patients developed allergic fungal rhinosinusitis after complete resolution of his primary invasive disease, a finding that has never been reported in the literature. Another patient had an atypical fungal species ( Aspergillus nidulans) on fungal stain and culture, while one immunodeficient patient had a large intracerebral disease component and died after 2 months of treatment. We also present a review of the pertinent literature investigating this rare disease.
High-Fidelity Simulation and Clinical Judgment of Nursing Students in a Maternal–Newborn Course
Authors: Reid Carol A. , Ralph Jody L. , El-Masri Maher , Ziefle Katrice
Published: February 2020

Clinical judgment, one’s ability to think like a nurse, is an essential skill for safe nursing practice. With the rise of simulation to replace clinical experiences, there is limited evidence regarding the effectiveness of simulation on the development of clinical judgment. This study explored differences in clinical judgment in maternal–newborn courses between undergraduate nursing students participating exclusively in simulation and those participating in hospital-based clinical experiences. Following completion of the clinical rotation, students participated in an evaluative maternal–newborn high-fidelity simulation experience that was recorded and evaluated using the Lasater’s Clinical Judgment Rubric (2007). Lasater’s Clinical Judgment Rubric scores between the simulation and clinical practice groups were compared using an independent sample t-test. There was no statistical difference in clinical judgment scores between the simulation and hospital-based clinical groups ( t = −1.056, P = .295). Our findings suggest that simulation may be a comparable alternative to clinical experience in nursing education.
A theoretical model for coal swelling induced by gas adsorption in the full pressure range
Authors: Guo Ping
Published: February 2020

The phenomenon of coal swelling caused by gas adsorption is well known. For Enhanced Coal Bed Methane Recovery and carbon storage, coal swelling induced by gases adsorption may cause significant reservoir permeability change. In this paper, based on the assumption that the surface energy change caused by adsorption is equal to the change in elastic energy of the coal matrix, a theoretical model is derived to describe coal swelling induced by gas adsorption in the full pressure range. The Langmuir constant, coal density, solid elastic modulus, and Poisson’s ratio are required in this model. These model parameters are easily obtained through laboratory testing. The developed model is verified by available experimental data. The results show that the presented model shows good agreement with the experimental observations of swelling. The model errors are within 14% for pure gas, and within 20% for mixed gas. It is shown that this model is able to describe coal swelling phenomena for full pressure range and different gas type including pure gas and mixed. In addition, it is also shown that the errors of the presented model and the Pan’s model are almost the same, but the presented model is solved more easily.
Give Chance a Chance: An Alternative Process for Selecting U.S. Supreme Court Justices
Authors: Sonnert Gerhard
Published: February 2020

This article develops the proposal that U.S. Supreme Court Justices should be selected by sortition. The greatest threat to the legitimacy of the Supreme Court emanates from ever more politicized selection contests under the current system. Removing politics from Supreme Court recruitment is therefore crucial, and sortition is argued to be a suitable vehicle for accomplishing this. The proposal is motivated through a wider discussion of sortition and democracy.
Sociotechnical imaginaries of low-carbon waste-energy futures: UK techno-market fixes displacing public accountability
Authors: Levidow Les , Raman Sujatha
Published: February 2020

To implement EU climate policy, the UK’s New Labour government (1997–2010) elaborated an ecomodernist policy framework. It promoted technological innovation to provide low-carbon renewable energy, especially by treating waste as a resource. This framework discursively accommodated rival sociotechnical imaginaries, understood as visions of feasible and desirable futures available through technoscientific development. According to the dominant imaginary, techno-market fixes stimulate low-carbon technologies by making current centralized systems more resource-efficient (as promoted by industry incumbents). According to the alternative eco-localization imaginary, a shift to low-carbon systems should instead localize resource flows, output uses and institutional responsibility (as promoted by civil society groups). The UK government policy framework gained political authority by accommodating both imaginaries. As we show by drawing on three case studies, the realization of both imaginaries depended on institutional changes and material-economic resources of distinctive kinds. In practice, financial incentives drove technological design towards trajectories that favour the dominant sociotechnical imaginary, while marginalizing the eco-localization imaginary and its environmental benefits. The ecomodernist policy framework relegates responsibility to anonymous markets, thus displacing public accountability of the state and industry. These dynamics indicate the need for STS research on how alternative sociotechnical imaginaries mobilize support for their realization, rather than be absorbed into the dominant imaginary.
Eptinezumab in episodic migraine: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (PROMISE-1)
Authors: Ashina Messoud , Saper Joel , Cady Roger , Schaeffler Barbara A , Biondi David M , Hirman Joe , Pederson Susan , Allan Brent , Smith Jeff
Published: February 2020

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of eptinezumab, a humanized anti-calcitonin gene-related peptide monoclonal antibody, in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine.

Methods

The PRevention Of Migraine via Intravenous ALD403 Safety and Efficacy-1 (PROMISE-1) study was a phase 3, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study. Adults with episodic migraine were randomized to eptinezumab 30 mg, 100 mg, 300 mg, or placebo for up to four intravenous (IV) doses administered every 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in monthly migraine days (MMDs) over weeks 1–12.

Results

A total of 888 patients received treatment across 84 study sites. Mean MMDs at baseline was ∼8.6 across treatment groups. Eptinezumab 100 mg and 300 mg met the primary endpoint, significantly reducing MMDs across weeks 1–12 compared with placebo (30 mg, −4.0; 100 mg, −3.9, p = 0.0182; 300 mg, −4.3; placebo, −3.2, p = 0.0001). Treatment-emergent adverse events were reported by 58.4% (30 mg), 63.2% (100 mg), 57.6% (300 mg), and 59.5% (placebo) of patients. Treatment-emergent adverse events reported by ≥2% of eptinezumab-treated patients at an incidence greater than placebo included: upper respiratory tract infection (30 mg, 11.4%; 100 mg, 9.9%; 300 mg, 10.3%; placebo, 7.2%), and fatigue (30 mg, 2.3%; 100 mg, 3.6%; 300 mg, 3.6%; placebo, <1%).

Conclusion

Eptinezumab (100 mg or 300 mg) significantly reduced migraine frequency, was well tolerated, and had an acceptable safety profile when used for the preventive treatment of migraine in adults with episodic migraine. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02559895
Contextualizing Barriers to Help-Seeking After Sexual Violence: A Critical Feminist Study With Latinx College Women
Authors: Christensen M. Candace , Caswell Caitlin , Hernández Melissa F.
Published: February 2020

This article is a critical feminist study focusing on illustrating how college students who identify as Latinx and women perceive barriers to help-seeking should they experience sexual violence. With this study, we address a gap in the research on help-seeking after sexual assault. The majority of research on this topic focuses on the experiences of European American women and is based on survey data. This study focuses on the perceptions and experiences of Latinx women attending a large, state institution. For data collection, we conducted focus groups and individual interviews. We used grounded theory methods for the data analysis, which resulted in the emergence of one primary category, avoiding shame, and two subcategories (prioritizing the family and prizing virginity). The findings from this study demonstrate how the study participants view prioritizing the family and prizing virginity as barriers to seeking help for sexual assault. These barriers protect the women and their families from experiencing shame. We conclude the article with practice and research implications grounded in the results of this study.
Social Support in Perinatal Grief and Mothers’ Continuing Bonds: A Qualitative Study With Italian Mourners
Authors: Testoni Ines , Bregoli Jenni , Pompele Sara , Maccarini Andrea
Published: February 2020

The grieving process after perinatal loss has unique properties. This qualitative study examines one aspect of the grieving process: continuing bonds experienced by the mothers. We offer an interpretative phenomenological analysis of interviews with 15 Italian mothers. Three main relevant themes emerged: “continuing bonds between externalized and internalized presence,” “a difficult guilt to manage,” and “relationships are crucial support systems.” The first one illustrates the ongoing connections to the deceased on the part of mothers and siblings, the second one explores a fixation on finding the cause of the death and related feelings of guilt, while the third one describes the mothers’ process of elaboration of the event, especially with the support of the husband and the community. The findings highlight unique qualities of continuing bonds after perinatal loss and factors that might influence mother’s griefwork, while also suggesting that psychodrama and art therapy could be useful in the management of this kind of loss.
Nurses’ Perspectives on the Dismissal of Vaccine-Refusing Families From Pediatric and Family Care Practices
Authors: Deem Michael J. , Kronk Rebecca A. , Staggs Vincent S. , Lucas Denise
Published: February 2020

Purpose:

Dismissal of families who refuse mandated childhood vaccines from pediatric practices has become more common among US pediatricians over the past 2 decades. While nurses (registered nurses [RNs] and advanced practice registered nurses [APRNs]) often are the first health-care professional to encounter parents’ vaccine hesitancy and serve as a primary source of information, there are no published data on nurses’ perspectives on dismissal as a response to vaccine refusal. This study examined nurses’ perspectives on dismissal of vaccine-refusing families from primary care practices.

Design:

Cross-sectional survey administered electronically from February to September 2018. Data analysis was conducted from November 2018 to March 2019.

Setting:

Data were collected electronically from a national sample of nurses.

Subjects:

A convenience sample of 488 primary care nurses (74% APRNs) was recruited and enrolled in the study through collaboration with 4 professional nursing associations.

Measure and Analysis:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February to September 2018. We explored correlates of nurses’ (n = 488) attitudes toward dismissal by modeling attitude scores as a function of practice and respondent characteristics. We also modeled odds of encountering vaccine refusal and odds of reporting dismissal of a vaccine-refusing family in the last 12 months, each as a function of respondents’ practice characteristics.

Results:

Eighty-four percent of respondents encountered vaccine refusal in the previous 12 months, and 22% reported that their practice had dismissed a vaccine-refusing family within the previous 12 months. Twenty-eight percent agreed/strongly agreed that they would dismiss or support a decision to dismiss families who refuse all vaccines, and 12% supported dismissal of families for refusal of some but not all vaccines. Thirty-nine percent of respondents disagreed/strongly disagreed with dismissing families who refuse all vaccines, and 50% disagreed/strongly disagreed with dismissal for refusal of some but not all.

Conclusion:

Almost all nurses working in primary care encounter vaccine refusal, and most consider all Centers for Disease Control and Prevention–recommended childhood vaccines to be important to public health. There is significant polarization of nurses’ attitudes toward the appropriateness of dismissal as a response to vaccine refusal. We recommend the development of professional nursing guidelines for responding to vaccine refusal. However, because there are no data on the community health impact of dismissal policies, we recommend further research on outcomes of dismissal policies to inform such guidelines.
Human Milk Feeding Status of Preterm Infants in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in China
Authors: Peng Wenjing , Jiang Siyuan , Li Shujuan , Xia Shiwen , Chen Shushu , Yang Yi , Lee Shoo K. , Cao Yun
Published: February 2020

Background

Previous low human milk feeding rates in Chinese neonatal intensive care units of preterm infants were reported. There are no nationwide data on these.

Research Aims

To investigate the current status of human milk feeding for preterm infants in Chinese units and provide baseline data for future research.

Methods

A secondary data analysis was conducted from a previously established clinical database including 25 Chinese neonatal intensive care units. All infants born <34 weeks gestation and admitted to participating units from May 2015 to April 2018 were enrolled. Variables analyzed were infant data collected and the human milk feeding practices at participating units were surveyed.

Results

A total of 24,113 infants were included. The overall and exclusive human milk feeding rates were 58.2% and 18.8%, respectively, which increased significantly during study years. We found that rates of human milk feeding decreased with increase in gestational age and birth weight. There was significant variation in human milk feeding rates among units. Most participating Chinese neonatal intensive care units have taken measures to improve the rates of human milk feeding.

Conclusions

The human milk feeding rates in Chinese neonatal intensive care units have continued to increase in the past 3 years, but there was significant variation among them. More efforts are needed to further increase the human milk feeding rates in China.

Trial registration

This study was registered NCT02600195 with clinicaltrials.gov on November 9, 2015.
A fast filtering method based on adaptive impulsive wavelet for the gear fault diagnosis
Authors: Yu Gang , Gao Mang , Jia Chengli
Published: February 2020

The useful fault features applied for the fault diagnosis are usually overwhelmed by noise and other interference factors in rotation machinery. The impulses masked in vibration signals can represent the faults of gears or bearings in a gearbox. The key to finding impulsive components is to identify the modeling parameters (such as damping ratio, central frequency) of a transient (Morlet wavelet, Laplace wavelet), which can be used as an adaptive filter to denoise the vibration signal. However, its engineering application is limited by the time-consuming computation. In order to tackle this issue, a fast algorithm based on an adaptive impulsive wavelet is proposed to filter the fault signal so that the fault characteristic frequency can be identified. Firstly, a correlation coefficient maximum criterion is employed to find one of the optimal parameters of the impulsive wavelet. Then, the other parameter is optimized by the minimum Shannon wavelet entropy criterion. Finally, the impulsive wavelet filter with optimal parameters is applied to extract the fault characteristic frequency. Simulation signals are applied to verify the efficiency of the proposed approach, and comparison analysis is conducted as well. Further, the proposed method is applied to detect the gear fault of a gearbox. The experimental results show that the proposed method is effective with high efficiency.
Nonlinear dynamic analysis of worn oil-lubricated rolling bearings
Authors: Fang Xue-Qian , Liu Fu-Ning , Yang Shao-Pu
Published: February 2020

Based on the elastohydrodynamic theory, the nonlinear dynamic behavior of worn oil-lubricated rolling bearings is explored, and the dynamic response including the effect of trajectory of the axis center, the accelerated speed, and the film thickness is analyzed. The worn model is represented by the worn depth. The discrete iterative method and implicit Euler method are combined to solve the dynamic equations. In numerical examples, the trajectory of the axis center, the accelerated speed and the film thickness under different worn depths are discussed. It is found that the stabilized point shows significant variation with the worn depth, and the wear effect is also quite related with the rolling speed. The trajectory of the axis center of worn bearing subjected to a step load is also examined in detail.
Successful treatment of BK virus associated-nephropathy in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive kidney transplant recipient
Authors: Alfano Gaetano , Fontana Francesco , Guaraldi Giovanni , Cappelli Gianni , Mussini Cristina
Published: February 2020

BK virus (BKV) is an opportunistic pathogen in those with impaired immunity. Viral replication is generally asymptomatic but is able to induce cytopathic alterations in renal cells. If BKV infection is left untreated, it leads to BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) and graft loss. There is scarce experience in the management of BKV infection in kidney transplant recipients living with HIV. We report the successful treatment of BKVAN in an HIV-positive kidney transplant recipient who experienced BKV replication in the immediate post-transplantation period. A change in therapy from calcineurin inhibitor to sirolimus, steroid withdrawal and a short course of an immunomodulatory agent (leflunomide) controlled BKV viremia in the absence of drug side-effects or impairment of graft function.