bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Massive MIMO Channel Model for High-Speed Train Communication Environments
Authors: Tang Denghong , Xi Xiaoli , Fan Qianying , Zhou Jie , Kikuchi Hisakazu
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we present a generalized three-dimensional (3D) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) scattering model for high-speed train (HST) macro-cell wireless communication propagation environment. The proposed model introduces a track-side base station and mobile stations (MS) inside the train with local scattering clusters around (i.e., buildings, trees, signs et al.). Then, the time-varying channel parameters on account of moving properties of the MS and the power azimuth spectrum as well as the Doppler frequency shift of the scattering waves are investigated based on the geometric model. Furthermore, two underlying 3D massive MIMO antenna array models including the spherical array assumption and geometric angular properties are introduced for estimating the spatial fading correlation and channel capacities of the MIMO multi-antenna systems. Finally, numerical results show good agreement with previous models, which improves the utility of our proposed model for describing outdoor HST communication environments.
Influence Factors and Soil Properties of Phenanthrene Contaminated Soil Remediation by Sodium Persulfate
Authors: Zhao Yanjie , Hou Siying , Deng Yirong , Lu Haijian , Huang Zaoquan , Li Qusheng , Li Zhaohui
Published: June 2022

With the rapid development of chemical industry, a large number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) enter into the soil, which causes serious soil pollution. How to use sodium persulfate(Na2S2O8 ) to efficiently remedy the phenanthrene -contaminated soil, and to identify the influence on the soil in the process of remediation has became the core problem. In this paper, the effects of different environmental variables such as temperature, water-soil ratio, pH on the degradation of phenanthrene and the effects on soil during the degradation of phenanthrene were explored according to the reaction efficiency of sodium persulfate. In this experiment, when the temperature was 60°C, the water-soil ratio was 20:1, and the solution was slightly acidic, the Na2S2O8 utilization rate was the highest and also the overall degradation efficiency of the oxidation system was the highest. Na2S2O8 oxidation system can effectively degrade phenanthrene in soil, and thermally activated Na2S2O8 degradation of phenanthrene in soil conforms to quasi-first-order reaction kinetics. In the process of oxidation of phenanthrene with Na2S2O8 , soil structure was destroyed, caused acidification, and reduced the content of organic matter，which also had a negative impact on soil fertility and subsequent soil use function, the green and sustainable remediation should be considered.
Weight-gain Independent Effect of Mirtazapine on Fasting Plasma Lipids in Healthy Men
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Heel Sarah , Uhr Manfred , Dose Tatjana , Holsboer Florian , Lucae Susanne , Schaaf Ludwig , Fulda Stephany , Kloiber Stefan , Hennings Johannes M.
Published: June 2022

IntroductionTreatment with mirtazapine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, has been linked to weight gain and dyslipidemia. Whether dyslipidemia occurs secondary to increased appetite due to antidepressant treatment, or due to direct pharmacological effects of mirtazapine is unknown. Methods The aim of this analysis is to complement our previously published results of the effect of mirtazapine on metabolism and energy substrate partitioning from a proof-of-concept, open-label clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00878540) in 12 healthy males (20-25 years). We report the effect of a seven-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg per day on weight and lipid metabolism in healthy men under highly standardized conditions with respect to diet, physical activity and day-night-rhythm and under continuous clinical observation. ResultsAfter a seven-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg, we observed a statistically significant increase in triglyceride levels (mean change +4.4mg/dl;95%CI[-11.4, 2.6];p=0.044) as well as TG/HDL-C ratio (mean change +0.2;95%CI[-0.4, -0.1];p=0.019) and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol (mean change -4.3mg/dl;95%CI[2.1, 6.5];p=0.004), LDL-cholesterol (mean change -8.7mg/dl;95% CI[3.8, 13.5];p=0.008), total cholesterol (mean change -12.3mg/dl;95%CI[5.4, 19.1];p=0.005), and non-HDL-C (mean change -8.0mg/dl;95%CI[1.9, 14.0];p=0.023). Notably, weight (mean change -0.6kg;95%CI[0.4, 0.8];p=0.002) and BMI (mean change -0.2;95%CI[0.1, 0.2];p=0.002) significantly decreased. No change in waist circumference (mean change -0.4cm;95%CI[-2.1;2.9];p=0.838) or waist-to-hip-ratio (mean change 0.0;95%CI[-0.0, 0.0];p=0.814) was observed.DiscussionThis is the first study showing unfavorable changes in lipid metabolism under mirtazapine in healthy individuals despite highly standardized conditions including dietary restriction, and despite the observation of a decrease of weight. Our findings support the hypothesis that mirtazapine has direct pharmacological effects on lipid metabolism. TRIAL REGISTRATION. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00878540.
Damage behavior of sandstone induced by dry-wet cycle combined with acid environment
Authors: Che Yongxin , Song Yongjun , Yang huimin , Chen jiaxing , Meng Chun , Zhang Jianqiang
Published: June 2022

Groundwater infiltration and ventilation drying have a significant influence on the stability of the surrounding rock mass during coal mine construction, especially when the groundwater quality is acidic. This paper presents an experimental study of the damage characteristics of sandstone that mimic the rock-fluid interactions affected by the combined action of acid environment and dry-wet cycle. Nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and uniaxial compression tests were conducted to characterize the physical and mechanical behavior, while X-ray diffraction(XRD) and scanning electron microscopy(SEM) were performed to analyze the compositional and microstructural changes respectively. The results reveal that as the number of cycles increases, the spectral area and porosity are always increasing, the peak strain increases, and the peak strength falls. And with higher acidity, the pore shifting trend is much more noticeable. With the rise of acidity, the minerals in the rock sample react violently with the acidic ion H+, resulting in a steady increase in the number of pores and fissures. The porosity is employed to define the rock damage. The functional relationship between the number of drying-wetting cycles and the damage degree was established by analysing the quantitative association of porosity with rock damage. Our study provides a better understanding of the damage mechanisms of sandstone, which could be used to predict the deformation and failure of rock.
A Sustainable Framework Design For A Geostationary Satellite Control Earth Station
Authors: Rahman Nur Shazana Abdul , Rahim Nadirah Abdul
Published: June 2022

Earth Station(s), Mission Operations Center (MOC), Science Operations Center (SOC), and the supporting infrastructure that connects them all constitute a ground network of communications satellite systems. As more Earth Stations are added to the ground network, additional aspects should be considered to ensure that the MOC can communicate with all the Earth Stations in the network. It also needs constant upgrades to ensure greater reliability and performance. The reliability of the geostationary satellite control Earth Station system can be improvised by designing the system with sufficient subsystem redundancies, numerous tests during the planning stage, and only the best components for its subsystems. Suitable maintenance actions performed on a regular basis also play a significant role in preventing cost overruns and undesirable failures. Therefore, this paper introduces a sustainable framework which encompasses reliability, affordability, and maintainability of an Earth Station system which is very crucial in system design.
Validity of air quality as a measure of human mobility. The COVID-19 context.
Authors: Galiwango Ronald , Bainomugisha Engineer , Kivunike Florence , Kateete David Patrick , Jjingo Daudi
Published: June 2022

BackgroundMobility patterns are valuable in identifying transmission patterns for infectious diseases and in parametrizing mathematical models. Aggregated location data from mobile phones which have been the main means of measuring human mobility on a population level come with several limitations. MethodsWe explored the viability of using ground monitored air quality data as an alternative to aggregated location data from mobile phones in two cities in Uganda. We determined associations between air quality and human mobility and the effect of mobility restrictions on mobility and air quality using Pearson correlation (R), multivariable regression and visualized relationships using scatter plots. ResultsFine particulate matter (PM2.5) was negatively correlated with the government response stringency index for Kampala (R = -0.31, p<0.001) and Wakiso (R = -0.21, p<0.001). In Kampala, PM2.5 was positively associated with movement in grocery and pharmacy (R = 0.24, p<0.001), parks (R = 0.25, p<0.001), retail and recreation (R = 0.24, p<0.001), transit stations (R = 0.3, p<0.001) and work places (R = 0.2, p<0.001); and negatively correlated with movement in residential places (R = -0.3, p<0.001). Only associations between PM2.5 and movement in workplaces and residential places were statistically significant in Wakiso (R = 0.14, p<0.001 and R = -0.19, p = 0.003 respectively).ConclusionsThese findings suggest that air quality data are linked to human mobility data and could thus be used to monitor human movement patterns. This is a pioneer study to assess the value of air quality as a surrogate for human mobility.
Risk Factors in Prediction of Shoulder Distocia
Authors: KOSE Caner , baran gonca karatas , OZBEK Ibrahim Mert , ERGANI Seval YILMAZ , VARLI Erol Nadi , KARADENIZ Rahmi Sinan , USTUN Yaprak ENGIN
Published: June 2022

Purpose
The aim of this study was to evaluate the maternal, obstetric, and fetal risk factors, shoulder dystocia maneuvers, and perinatal outcomes of shoulder dystocia cases.
Methods
In this descriptive retrospective cross-sectional study, 66 documented shoulder dystocia (incidence 0.18%) groups from 36390 singleton vaginal deliveries between 2017 and 2022 in a gynecology&obstetrics hospital and 201 control groups selected from the computer-assisted randomization program on pregnancy, delivery, fetal and newborn outcomes data were evaluated and compared. Regression analysis were used to explain the relationship between the shoulder dystocia and risk factors.
Results
Mean age was significantly higher in the shoulder dystocia group (p < 0.05). In the stepwise binary logistic regression model analysis, hemoglobin level, abdominal circumference, femur length, estimated fetal weight, birth weight and second stage of labor were found to be significant risk factors for shoulder dystocia (p < 0.05). Measurement of abdominal circumference (sensitivity 81.8%, specificity 91.0%) and birth weight (sensitivity 62.4%, specificity 91.5%) were found to be the most significant risk factors for shoulder dystocia, while the other risk factors had low sensitivity (< 60.0%).
Conclusion
The low sensitivity of shoulder dystocia risk factors other than birth weight and abdominal circumference measurement indicates that the unpredictable feature of shoulder dystocia is preserved.
The influence of patient-provider communication quality on ratings of healthcare, self-efficacy, and care management among non-pregnant women of childbearing age with diabetes mellitus in the United States
Authors: Kindratt Tiffany B , Boateng Godfred O. , Brannon Grace Ellen , Sankuratri Bala Yadu Vamsi , Brown Kyrah K.
Published: June 2022

Objectives
To determine associations between patient-provider communication (PPC) quality and ratings of health care received, self-efficacy, and management adherence among non-pregnant reproductive-age women with diabetes.
Methods
Longitudinal data from the 2012–2018 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey were analyzed. The sample included women of childbearing age (18–45 years) with diabetes (n = 493). Associations between PPC quality and overall health care rating, self-efficacy, and management adherence (eye exam, foot exam, flu vaccine, blood cholesterol, HbA1c) were evaluated before and after adjusting for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, poverty level, insurance, and perceived health status. Optimal PPC quality was measured by women’s report of whether or not their health care provider always listened, explained things, showed respect, spent enough time, gave specific instructions and demonstrated health literate practices (clear instructions and asking them to “teach-back” how they will follow instructions).
Results
Diabetes management adherence was significantly greater among women who reported receiving optimal PPC quality compared to those who did not (OR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.09–3.76) after adjusting for covariates. There were no statistically significant differences in ratings of health care or diabetes care self-efficacy by PPC quality.
Conclusions for Practice:
Results demonstrate that non-pregnant women of childbearing age with diabetes who report optimal PPC quality have increased likelihood of diabetes care management adherence. This finding underlines the importance of providing training in communication-centered skills, which should be regularly implemented during healthcare encounters for women with diabetes, particularly for those at increased risk of poorer health outcomes due to and structural barriers to quality health care.
Enhancement of defect mode transmission peaks in thermally tunable filter with graded thickness: a comparative study between different gradation functions
Authors: Almawgani Abdulkarem H. M. , Alhamss Dana N. , Taya Sofyan A , Upadhyay Anurag , Colak Ilhami , Patel Shobhit K.
Published: June 2022

A ternary photonic crystal of the structure (ABC)N (CBA)N is treated as a thermally tunable filter. Layers A, B and C are silver (Ag), silicon dioxide (SiO2) and Silicon (Si), respectively. The low-index layer (SiO2) is assumed to have a graded thickness according to four different functions. The thickness gradation functions are considered exponential, linear, quadratic and cubic. The transmission peaks at defect modes and their wavelength positions are investigated as functions of temperature and incident angle. The performance of each gradation function is investigated. Many findings are obtained. With the increase in temperature, the transmission peaks shift toward longer wavelengths. Transmissions at defect modes of TM polarization have higher values than those of TE polarization for the same incidence angle. The cubic function showed a transmission peak of 0.897 which is the highest among all functions.
Relationship between Falls/Injuries and Quality of Life among the Elderly in India
Authors: Pal Anil Kumar , Govil Dipti , Biswas Sourav
Published: June 2022

Background: The elderly population is rapidly increasing, particularly in India. The rise in the population of older adults has resulted in increasing social, economic, and health challenges. The main focus of this study was to determine the prevalence of quality of life and falls/injuries by socio-demographic characteristics, as well as the link/relationship between these factors and QOL. Materials & methods: The data for this study was used from the first wave of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. This study was done on 72000 older adults aged 45 and up. The characteristics and distribution of the study population were determined using descriptive analysis. Ordered logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and falls/ injuries among the elderly aged 60 and above.Result: According to HRQOL factors such as ADL (self-care), mobility, IADL (usual activities), pain, and depression, 8.5% of the elderly do not have self-care. 65.3% cannot move, 22.3% cannot engage in their usual activities, and approximately 40% are pain-free. The elderly suffer from pain, and 30% of the elderly suffer from depression. The elderly with injuries were 35% less likely to have a medium or high quality of life than the elderly without injuries. Conclusion: The quality of life among the elderly after major falls/ injuries has significantly declined. As per these findings, it is necessary to investigate the elements that are negatively related to the quality of life to allow the elderly to live a healthy and enjoyable life.
Finite element simulation of stresses in cutting tools during tapping
Authors: Demirel Tuncer , YAĞMUR Selçuk , Kayır Yunus , Kurt Abdullah
Published: June 2022

Tapping is inherently more complex than other machining processes. The main reason for this complexity is that the chip removal process takes place in a closed environment. For this reason, in order to use the tap tools more efficiently, it is necessary to know the cutting conditions and the stresses that occur in the tool during cutting. In this study, holes of different diameters were drilled in the AISI 1050 material and threaded with M10 taps with three different geometries. Uncoated HSS and TiN coated HSS taps were used in the study. The tapping operations were carried out in dry conditions. The simulation conditions were chosen exactly the same as the experimental conditions. Stresses during tapping were analysed using the Third Wave AdvantEdge program based on the finite element method (FEM). The tapping tools were modelled by reverse engineering method and then imported in the program. In general, the coating applied to the tools positively affected the stresses on the cutting tool. Also, the stresses in tapping tools with helical were lower than in straight tools.
Bridging Gender Equality in The Workplace: The Role of Personal Branding and Self-Confidence
Authors: Frendika Rusman , Gaus Nurdiana , Budiarti Isniar
Published: June 2022

Considering the social psychological, social cognitive, and economic factors, this paper aims to examine how gender equality can be bridged in the workplace through the empowerment of women workers’ ability to craft and narrate personal branding and self-confidence to gain better condition in the workplace. A total of 200 questionnaires were distributed to 200-woman employees working in 10 manufacturing industries in 5 regions in West Java, Indonesia. The independent variable of the personal branding scale is adopted from Peter and Montoya, the self-confidence scale is that of Frendika, and the dependent variable scale of gender equality is taken from McKinsey Global Institute's (MGI's) Power of Parity. A five point-Likert rating scale (1=lowest – 5=highest) is applied for each item, and SPSS v 25 was applied to analyze the data collected using AMOS v 25. The result shows that personal branding which includes relevance, consistency, and visibility has a positive and significantly more dominant effect than self-confidence to bridge gender equality in the workplace.
Effect of heat generation on heat and mass transfer over a radially stretching surface embedded in porous medium with chemical reaction and activation energy
Authors: Asker Hamada Galal , Elbashbeshy Elsayed M. A. , Abdelgaber K. M. , Emam Tarek G.
Published: June 2022

The effect of heat generation on heat and mass transfer over a radially stretching surface embedded in a porous medium with chemical reaction and activation energy are numerically discussed. The governing boundary layer equations are formulated and transformed into ordinary differential equations using a suitable similarity transformation. The resulting ordinary differential equations are solved numerically by applying the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method with the shooting technique. The influence of the different parameters on the velocity, temperature, and concentration are discussed and analyzed. The skin friction coefficient, the Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are also computed and investigated for different embedded parameters in the problem statements.
Impact of injection temperature and formation slope on CO2 storage capacity and form in the Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Yang Yanlin , Jing Jing , Tang Zhonghua
Published: June 2022

Carbon dioxide (CO2) storage capacity is the main criterion for assessing CO2 geological storage. Based on actual data from the Shiqianfeng formation in the Ordos Basin, three-dimensional (3D) models were built using the TOUGHVISUAL visualization software and simulated using the TOUGH2 integral finite difference modeling code with the ECO2N fluid property module to explore the impact of formation attributes (formation slope) and controllable factors (injection temperature) on CO2 storage capacity. A total of 16 schemes were designed, with four injection temperatures (24℃, 31℃, 38℃ and 45℃) and four formation slopes (0°, 5°, 10° and 15°). Simulation results showed that the injection temperature and formation slope both had a significant influence on CO2 storage capacity. The impact of injection temperature on the total storage amount was more obvious than that of the impact of formation slope. A higher injection temperature resulted in a greater total storage amount. Increasing the formation slope and injection temperature increased the gas-phase, dissolved-phase and total CO2 storage amounts in the upper left section of the injection well, but decreased them in the lower right part of the injection well. The impact of formation slope on the conversion rate from gas-phase CO2 to dissolved-phase CO2 was more obvious than the impact of injection temperature. A steeper formation slope resulted in a higher conversion rate. A shallower formation slope and a higher injection temperature should be selected to store CO2.
Color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneer restoration for diastema closure: Effect of laminate veneering materials and resin cements
Authors: Adel Eman , Al-Zordk Walid , Hassouna Mahy , Elsherbini Ahmed , Sakrana Amal Abdelsamad
Published: June 2022

Objective
To investigate the effect of resin cements on color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneer materials used for diastema closure.
Materials and Methods
Sixty resin abutments were prepared for ceramic veneers and divided into six groups according to the ceramic type (lithium disilicate, zirconia reinforced lithium silicate, and translucent zirconia) and cement type (Variolink Esthetic LC and RelyX Veneer). The color coordinates and translucency were analyzed after cementation and after immersion in coffee solution. The differences in color and translucency were estimated, and the results were statistically assessed (α = .05).
Results
Ceramic materials showed a significant impact on the color changes after coffee immersion within Variolink Esthetic groups. Zirconia showed the highest color change, followed by zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and lithium disilicate. The ceramic materials showed a significant impact among the RelyX Veneer groups. A significant interaction in color changes between ceramic type and cement type after cementation, and after coffee immersion were found. All groups showed a clinically acceptable difference in translucency parameters after coffee immersion.
Conclusions
Cement selection is important for the color stability and translucency of ceramic laminate veneers after coffee immersion. Lithium disilicate veneer is more resistant to coffee staining than zirconia reinforced lithium silicate and zirconia veneers. Ceramic laminate veneers cemented with resin cement contain benzoyl germanium compounds (Variolink Esthetic) are more translucency. However, ceramic laminate veneers cemented using resin cement contain iodonium salts (RelyX Veneer) are more resistant to coffee immersion.
Dual segmentation models for poorly and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma using two-step transfer deep learning on dynamic contrast-enhanced CT images
Authors: Nagami Noriyuki , Arimura Hidetaka , Nojiri Junichi , Yunhao Cui , Ninomiya Kenta , Ogata Manabu , Kitamura Shigetoshi , Irie Hiroyuki
Published: June 2022

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop dual segmentation models for poorly and well-differentiated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), using two-step transfer learning (TSTL) based on dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) computed tomography (CT) images.Methods: From 2013 to 2019, DCE CT images of 128 patients with 80 poorly differentiated and 48 well-differentiated HCCs were selected at our hospital. In the first transfer learning (TL) step, a pre-trained segmentation model with 192 CT images of lung cancer patients was retrained as a poorly differentiated HCC model. In the second TL step, a well-differentiated HCC model was built from a poorly differentiated HCC model. The average 3D Dice’s similarity coefficient (3D-DSC) and 95th-percentile of the Hausdorff distance (95% HD) were employed to evaluate the segmentation accuracy, based on a nested 4-fold cross-validation test. The DSC denotes the degree of regional similarity between the HCC reference regions and the regions estimated using the proposed models. The 95% HD is defined as the 95th-percentile of the maximum measures of how far two subsets of a metric space are from each other. Results: The average 3D-DSC and 95% HD were 0.849 ± 0.078 and 1.98 ± 0.71 mm, respectively, for poorly differentiated HCC regions, and 0.811 ± 0.089 and 2.01 ± 0.84 mm, respectively, for well-differentiated HCC regions. The average 3D-DSC for both regions was 1.2 times superior to that calculated without the TSTL. Conclusion: The proposed model using TSTL from the lung cancer dataset showed the potential to segment poorly and well-differentiated HCC regions on DCE CT images.
The Impact of Couple Communication Patterns on Fertility-related Stress and Psychological Capital in Women with OHSS after Embryo Transfer
Authors: Wu Weili , Zhou Na , Yang Lili , He Ying
Published: June 2022

Aims
To examine the association between couple communication patterns, psychological capital, and fertility-related stress. Also, to explore mediating effect of communication patterns on the relationship between psychological capital and fertility-related stress among patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after an embryo transfer in China.
Background
Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome is a severe complication of the superovulation procedure. It can cause severe discomfort, infertility, and uncertainty about a successful pregnancy. Moreover, these unfavorable conditions are a source of intense stress for the patients and negatively impact their mental and emotional state and effective communication. These three patterns that regulate the fertility-related stress levels in women with OHSS remained understudied.
Design:
This study used a cross-sectional design.
Methods
We recruited 175 patients with ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after an embryo transfer for a survey in a reproductive ward of a tertiary hospital in China. This study used the questionnaires on Psychological capital, the Fertility stress scale (FPI), and couples' communication patterns to collect the data. A structural equation model analyzed the mediating effect of a couple of communication patterns. A Strobe checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study.
Results
A combination of low levels of psychological capital and requested avoidance/complete avoidance communication patterns were associated with high levels of fertility-related stress (139.6 ± 25.71) among participants. Psychological capital was negatively correlated with fertility-related stress. And then, requested/completed communication had a significant positive effect on the stress, but constructive communication had no relationship with the stress. In addition, the requested avoidance communication pattern had a negative mediating effect between psychological capital and fertility-related stress in patients with OHSS (95% CI − 0.207, − 0.005).
Conclusion
A couple's communication patterns and the levels of psychological capital of patients with OHSS can partly predict fertility-related stress. While requested avoidance in couple communication can, the level of psychological capital of the patient with OHSS after an embryo transfer contributed to their excessive fertility-related stress. Health workers may reduce their stress by addressing negative communication styles.
Determinants of health insurance enrollment and health expenditure in Ghana: An empirical analysis
Authors: Adjei-Mantey Kwame , Horioka Charles Yuji
Published: June 2022

This paper analyzes the determinants of health insurance enrollment and health expenditure in Ghana using micro data from wave 7 of the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS 7) with emphasis on the role of risk preferences and the availability of health facilities in one’s own community. It is possible to analyze the determinants of health insurance enrollment in Ghana because its public health insurance system (the National Health Insurance Scheme or NHIS) is, in theory, mandatory, but is, in actual practice, voluntary, with only about 40% of the population enrolled in the scheme. Our empirical findings show that risk preferences have a significant impact on health insurance enrollment, with risk averse individuals being significantly more likely than other households to enroll in health insurance. Moreover, our findings also show that very poor households are significantly more likely to enroll in health insurance than other households, perhaps because they are exempt from paying premiums for health insurance. Finally, our findings also show that the availability of health facilities in one’s own community significantly decreases expenditures on health care.Journal of Economic Literature classification codes: D11, D12, D81, I12, and I13
DNetPRO: A network approach for low-dimensional signatures from high-throughput data
Authors: Curti Nico , Levi Giuseppe , Giampieri Enrico , Castellani Gastone , Remondini Daniel
Published: June 2022

One of the main objectives of high-throughput genomics studies is to obtain a low-dimensional set of observables - a signature - for sample classification purposes (diagnosis, prognosis, stratification). We propose DNetPRO, Discriminant Analysis with Network PROcessing, a supervised network-based signature identification method. The algorithm is easily scalable, allowing efficient computing for high number of observables (103 –105). We show applications on real high-throughput genomic datasets in which our method outperforms existing results or is compatible with them, but with a smaller number of selected features. Moreover, the geometrical simplicity of the resulting class-separation surfaces allows a clearer interpretation of the obtained signatures in comparison to nonlinear classification models.
Vortex-electromagnetic-wave-based ISAR imaging for high-speed maneuvering targets
Authors: Bu Lijun , Zhu Yongzhong , Chen Yijun , Yang Yufei , Zang Yadan
Published: June 2022

Vortex electromagnetic wave (VEMW) carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM), which is expected to introduce additional degrees of freedom in inverse synthetic aperture radar(ISAR) imaging. However, the current research about maneuvering targets is based on the "stop go" hypothesis, which does not apply to high-speed motion scenarios due to the intrapulse movement of the target. To improve the imaging quality, this letter proposes a VEMW-based high-speed maneuvering targets imaging method. Firstly, the ISAR imaging scenario of high-speed target is established. According to the spatial geometric relationship between radar and maneuvering target, the vortex echo is deduced and its characteristics are analyzed. Subsequently, a frequency modulation rate estimation method considering both calculation efficiency and high precision is proposed to realize the accurate estimation of target speed. Then, an adaptive azimuth image compensation method based on minimum entropy is proposed. Through the setting of threshold, the number of component signals in linear frequency modulation(LFM) signal is determined and compensated successively. Finally, the range profile and azimuth profile are combined to reconstruct the three-dimensional information. The simulation results demonstrate that this work can effectively eliminate the influence of high-speed motion on range and azimuth profile, also benefit the development of ISAR imaging technique of high-speed maneuvering targets.
Extrusion as a pretreatment to improve biogas production of lignocellulosic materials
Authors: Chen Guangyin , Cao Hainan , Zhao Changping , Zhang Wanrong , Zheng Jiawei , Wang Enhui
Published: June 2022

Extrusion, a physical pretreatment, is normally used for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic materials to improve biogas production. Wheat straw (WS) and its solid digestate (WSD) were selected to evaluate the effect of extrusion on the biogas production of lignocellulosic materials with different compositions. The WS and WSD were extruded and then used for biogas production at (37 ± 1)°C. The results showed that the cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of WS and WSD were 28.37%, 24.60%, 14.35% and 30.20%, 24.73%, 21.58%, respectively, while the cumulative biogas yields of WS and WSD were 178.96 and 56.68 mL/g TSadded (Total solid, TS), respectively, indicating that the biogas yield is proportional to the lignin content of the substrate. After extrusion, the cumulative biogas yields of WS and WSD were increased by 22.55% and 152.33%, respectively, while the cumulative methane yields of WS and WSD were increased by 27.01% and 191.58%, respectively, compared to the unextruded biomass. The results of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and specific surface area (SSA) indicate that the lignocellulose structure in WSD suffered greater destruction and the improvement in the SSA in WSD was 51.89-percentage point higher than that in the WS pretreated by extrusion. The above results indicate that destruction of the lignocellulose structure by extrusion pretreatment differs between lignocellulosic materials, and the lignocellulose structure of materials with higher lignin content is more effectively destroyed. In summary, extrusion is a promising pretreatment technology for lignocellulosic materials, especially for feedstocks with higher lignocellulose content.
How aestivation evolve in turtles? a macroevolutionary and morphological approach
Authors: Macip-Ríos Rodrigo , Butterfield Taggert , Raya-García Ernesto
Published: June 2022

Apart from hibernation, dormancy strategies in animals have been understudied. Aestivation is a functional and behavioral trait that responds to the effects of water reduction during dry and hot seasons. It has been detected in many species of terrestrial and aquatic turtles, however, several ecological and evolutionary aspects of chelonian aestivation remain to be evaluated and understood. We conducted a comparative exploration of macroevolutionary trends in turtle aestivation and tested the potential effect of shell morphology on the aestivation times. We compiled a dataset of aestivation status, aestivation times, and measurements of shell morphology of 225 turtle species. We reconstructed ancestral states along a time-calibrated phylogeny and tested different models with compared evolutionary rate changes on traits associated with aestivation. We also performed phylogenetic comparative analysis to explore shell morphological variables likely associated with maximum and mean aestivation times. We found evidence of aestivation in 44 percent of the evaluated turtle species. The longest aestivation times were found in the Chelidae, Pelomedusidae, Geoemydidae, and Kinosternidae, and shortest times were detected for Emydidae and Testudinidae. Inference of ancestral states revealed that turtle aestivation is a derived trait with multiple evolutions in the two major turtle clades. We found clade-specific evolutionary trends, with some clades showing increased aestivation (e.g., Pelomedusidae and Kinosternidae), clades exhibiting aestivation losses (e.g., Podocnemididae and Trionychidae) and contrasting patterns (loss vs. maintenance) in most clades of Testudinidae and Geoemydidae families. Otherwise, additive effects of different shell morphological variables correlated both positively and negatively with maximum aestivation times across most chelonian families. This is the first study exploring the evolution of aestivation in turtles and provides evidence that shell morphology in different chelonian families can influence aestivation time. We conclude that aestivation in turtles is a complex ecological and evolutionary process which needs to be studied in more detail.
Pbx(OH)y cluster formation in STI framework-type zeolites: anomalous thermal behaviour and increased thermal stability
Authors: Cametti Georgia , Roos Diana P. , Prieur Damien , Scheinost Andreas C. , Churakov Sergey V.
Published: June 2022

For the first time, the structural investigation of a Pb-exchanged zeolite (Pb13.4(OH)10Al17.4Si54.6O144 ∙38H2O) with STI framework type, revealed a highly unusual and intriguing sudden volume increase under continuous heating. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms leading to such an unusual behaviour is essential for technological applications and interpretation of chemical bonding in zeolites. The dehydration was tracked in situ from 25 to 450 °C by single crystal X-ray diffraction, infrared and X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Further interpretation of the experimental observations was supported by ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. Initially, Pb-STI unit-cell volume contracts (ΔV = -3.5%) from 25 to 100°C. This agrees with the trend observed in STI zeolites. Surprisingly, at 125°C, the framework expanded (ΔV = +2%), adopting a configuration, which resembles that of the room temperature structure. Upon heating, the structure loses H2O but no de-hydroxylation occurred. The key mechanism leading to the sudden volume increase was found to be the formation of Pbx(OH)y clusters, which prevent the shrinking of the channels, rupture of the tetrahedral bonds and occlusion of the pores. This zeolite has therefore an increased thermal stability with respect to other STI metal-exchanged zeolites, with important consequences on its applications.
Discomfort Improvement for Critically-ill Patients using Electronical Relaxation Devices: results of the Cross Over Randomized Controlled Trial E-CHOISIR (Electronical-CHOIce of a System for Intensive care Relaxation)
Authors: Merliot-Gailhoustet Lili , Raimbert Chloé , Garnier Océane , Carr Julie , De Jong Audrey , Molinari Nicolas , Jaber Samir , Chanques Gerald
Published: June 2022

Purpose: To assess the impact of different electronical-relaxation devices on common patients’ stressful symptoms experienced in Intensive-Care-Unit (ICU).Methods: Sixty critically-ill patients were enrolled in four relaxation-sessions using a randomized cross-over design: standard-relaxation (TV/radio), music-therapy (MUSIC-CARE©), and two virtual-reality systems using either real-motion pictures (DEEPSEN©) or synthetic-motion pictures (HEALTHY-MIND©). The goal was to determine which device was the best to improve overall patient discomfort’s intensity (0-10 Numeric-Rating-Scale (NRS); primary endpoint). Secondary endpoints were specific stressful symptoms (pain, anxiety, dyspnea, thirst, and lack-of-rest-feeling), and stress-response measured by Analgesia/Nociception-Index (ANI). Multivariate mixed-effect analysis was used taking into account patient’s characteristics and multiple measurements.Results: Fifty patients followed the full research-protocol, and ten patients did at least one research-planned session of relaxation. HEALTHY-MIND© was associated with a significant decrease of overall discomfort, the primary endpoint (median NRS=4[2-6] vs. 2[0-5]; p=0.01, mixed-effect model), confirmed by a significant decrease of stress-response (increase of ANI, secondary endpoint; p<0.01). Regarding other secondary endpoints, each of the two virtual-reality systems was associated with a decrease of anxiety (p<0,01), while HEALTHY-MIND© was associated also with a decrease of pain (p=0.001) and DEEPSEN© with a decrease of lack-of-rest (p=0.01). Three incidents (claustrophobia/dyspnea/agitation) were reported among 109 virtual-reality sessions. Cybersickness was rare (NRS=0[0-0]).Conclusion: Electronical relaxation therapy is a promising, safe and effective non-pharmacological solution that can be used to improve overall discomfort in ICU patients. Its effectiveness depends on technical characteristics (real or synthetic imagined world, association or not with music-therapy), as well as the type of symptoms.
Associations between salivary cytokines and oral health, age, and sex in healthy children
Authors: Rinderknecht Charlotte , Filippi Cornelia , Ritz Nicole , Fritschi Nora , Simmen Urs , Filippi Andreas , Diesch-Furlanetto Tamara
Published: June 2022

Human saliva is a complex fluid containing proteins such as salivary cytokines, which can be used for diagnostic purposes, particularly among the pediatric population. This study aimed to assess the concentrations of salivary cytokines in healthy children and adolescents and determine their associations with age, sex, and oral and dental findings. Healthy children and adolescents aged 4–18 years were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. The concentrations of the following salivary cytokines were measured by Luminex technology: IFN-γ, IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-13, IP-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A. Additionally, oral and dental parameters were recorded using a standardized protocol. A total of 128 participants (mean age, 10.7 years; males, 50.8%) were enrolled. The levels of 1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were significantly higher in those with gingivitis. Increased salivary flow rates were negatively correlated with IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF-α, and VEGF-A concentrations. The findings of this study showed that the concentrations of most of the salivary cytokines were positively correlated with age and the presence of oral pathologies (such as gingivitis and caries) and negatively correlated with salivary flow rate.
The antifungal activity of a serine protease and the enzyme production of characteristics of Bacillus licheniformis TG116
Authors: Ling Lijun , Cheng Wenting , Jiang Kunling , Jiao Zhenglong , Luo Hong , Yang Caiyun , Pang Mingmei , Lu Lu
Published: June 2022

The growth of Phytophthora capsica, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium graminearum, Fusarium oxysporum and Botrytis cinerea were all inhibited by the fermentation supernatant of Bacillus licheniformis TG116, a biocontrol strain isolated from Typhonium giganteum Engl previously with broad-spectrum resistance to plant pathogens. The fermentation supernatant of the TG116 has a great stability on temperature and UV, and shows the biological activity of serine protease and cellulase. The antifungal protease produced by Bacillus licheniformis TG116 was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow column chromatography and Sephadex G-50 column chromatography. When Colletotrichum capsici was used as an indicator strain, the protease exhibited great antifungal activity at a pH range from 5.0 to 11.0 and temperature at no higher than 60°C. Gene amplification verified the presence of a gene fragment of serine protease in the strain TG116. The antimicrobial substance isolated from the fermentation broth of TG116 is a serine protease component. The serine protease isolated and purified from B. licheniformis TG116 has a great antifungal activity.
Hospice preference among families with cancer patients in China: An exploratory study
Authors: YAO Nian , CHEN Hao , LAI Xiao Bin
Published: June 2022

Background: The reasons for hospice underuse in China needs exploration from the perspective of patients with cancer and their families. Furthermore, existing literature about hospice decision-making among Chinese families with cancer patients is limited. This study aimed to investigate the awareness of hospice care among families with cancer patients, their preference of healthcare at the end-of-life stage of care, and the predictors of hospice preference.Methods: This was an exploratory study conducted between July 2021 and January 2022. Overall, 300 decision-makers of cancer patients were recruited from the oncology ward of seven hospitals in Shanghai, China. Of these, 285 valid responses were included in the data analysis. A self-developed questionnaire about their preference of healthcare when the patient was at the end-of-life stage was completed. Descriptive analysis, t-test, chi-square test, and logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data.Results: Only 29.7% of the participants had heard of hospice care. Most participants (78.2%) reported no introduction of hospice care from their doctors. More than half of the participants (58.2%) did not have a preference of healthcare at the end-of-life stage. Seventy-eight (65.5%) of the 119 participants who had a preference chose hospice care, and the other 41 participants (34.5%) refused hospice care. Having heard of hospice care had a significant impact on having a preference for healthcare at the end-of-life stage (OR=14.346, 95%CI 7.219-28.509, p<0.001). Not being sure whether the doctor introduced hospice care before had a significant impact on having no preference for healthcare at the end-of-life stage (OR=0.180, 95%CI 0.052-0.617, p=0.006). Another family member being cared for at home had a significant impact on the participants’ hospice preference (OR=2.739, 95%CI 1.159-6.470, p=0.022).Conclusion: The end-of-life communication between healthcare providers and the families of cancer patients is insufficient. More efforts should be made in increasing the awareness of hospice care among patients with cancer and their families. Further study is needed to explore the reasons for a lack of discussion on hospice options between healthcare providers and the families. Additionally, the impact of at-home care burden on the hospice choice of families with cancer patients requires further study.
Performance Validation of Spectrum Sensing Using Kernelized Support Vector Machine Transformation
Authors: reddy Lakshmikanth , M Meena
Published: June 2022

The constant development of interest experienced by wireless networks makes a spectrum accessibility challenge. Cognitive radio (CR) is a promising solution to overcome the challenges in spectrum utilization. The process of finding the spectrum holes (availability of spectrum) is called spectrum sensing (SS) which is a major task in cognitive radio network (CRN). Various creative methodologies are proposed in the literature to track the spectrum and identify the available holes. The use of Machine Learning strategies for spectrum sensing has attracted interest in the literature. Therefore, we have considered an ML technique, Support vector machine (SVM) method with Kernel transformation to achieve better results in spectrum sensing. The proposed conspire astoundingly further develops the spectrum detecting execution, but also essentially builds the open doors for dynamic access to the licensed spectrum for the unlicensed users.