bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Propagation graph estimation from individuals’ time series of observed states
Authors: Hayashi Tatsuya , Nakamura Atsuyoshi
Published: April 2022

Various things propagate through the medium of individuals. Some individuals follow the others and take the states similar to their states a small number of time steps later. In this paper, we study the problem of estimating the state propagation order of individuals from the real-valued state sequences of all the individuals.We propose a method of constructing a state propagation graph from individuals’ time series of observed states. The propagation order estimated by our proposed method is demonstrated to be significantly more accurate than that by a baseline method (optimal constant delay model) for our synthetic datasets, and also to be consistent with visually recognizable propagation orders for the dataset of Japanese stock price time series and biological cell firing state sequences.
SINS/BDS tightly coupled integrated navigation algorithm for hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Chen Kai , Pei Sen-sen , Zeng Cheng-zhi , Ding Gang
Published: April 2022

A tightly coupled integrated navigation system (TCINS) for hypersonic vehicles is proposed when the satellite signals are disturbed. Firstly, the architecture of the integrated navigation system for the hypersonic vehicle is introduced. This system applies fiber SINS, BeiDou satellite receiver (BDS) and System On a Parogrammable Chip (SOPC) missile-born computer. Subsequently, the SINS mechanization for hypersonic vehicle is presented. The J2 model is employed for the normal gravity of the near space. An algorithm for updating the attitude, velocity and position is designed. State equations and measurement equations of SINS/BDS tightly coupled integrated navigation for hypersonic vehicle are given, and a scheme of validity for satellite data is designed. Finally, the SINS/BDS tightly coupled vehicle field tests and hardware-in-the-loop (HWIL) simulation tests are carried out. The vehicle field test and HWIL simulation results show that the heading angle error of tightly coupled integrated navigation is within 0.2°, the pitch and roll angle errors are within 0.05°, the maximum velocity error is 0.3 m/s, and the maximum position error is 10 m.
Radical pairs may play a role in microtubule reorganization
Authors: Zadeh-Haghighi Hadi , Simon Christoph
Published: April 2022

The exact mechanism behind general anesthesia remains an open question in neuroscience. It has been proposed that anesthetics selectively prevent consciousness and memory via acting on microtubules (MTs). It is known that the magnetic field modulates MT organization. A recent study shows that a radical pair model can explain the isotope effect in xenon-induced anesthesia and predicts magnetic field effects on anesthetic potency. Further, reactive oxygen species are also implicated in MT stability and anesthesia. Based on a simple radical pair mechanism model and a simple mathematical model of MT organization, we show that magnetic fields can modulate spin dynamics of naturally occurring radical pairs in MT. We propose that the spin dynamics influence a rate in the reaction cycle, which translates into a change in the MT density. We can reproduce magnetic field effects on the MT concentration that have been observed. Our model also predicts additional effects at slightly higher fields. Our model further predicts that the effect of zinc on the MT density exhibits isotopic dependence. The findings of this work make a connection between microtubule-based and radical pair-based quantum theories of consciousness.
Periodic sea-level oscillation in Tokyo Bay detected with the Tokyo-Bay seafloor hyper-kilometric submarine deep detector (TS-HKMSDD)
Authors: Tanaka Hiroyuki K. M. , Aichi Masaatsu , Balogh Szabolcs József , Bozza Cristiano , Coniglione Rosa , Gluyas Jon , Hayashi Naoto , Holma Marko , Joutsenvaara Jari , Kamoshida Osamu , Kato Yasuhiro , Kin Tadahiro , Kuusiniemi Pasi , Leone Giovanni , Lo Presti Domenico , Matsushima Jun , Miyamoto Hideaki , Mori Hirohisa , Nomura Yukihiro , Okamoto Naoya , Oláh László , Steigerwald Sara , Shimazoe Kenji , Sumiya Kenji , Takahashi Hiroyuki , Thompson Lee F. , Tokunaga Tomochika , Yokota Yusuke , Paling Sean , Varga Dezső
Published: April 2022

Meteorological-tsunami-like (or meteotsunami-like) periodic oscillation was muographically detected with the Tokyo-Bay Seafloor Hyper-Kilometric Submarine Deep Detector (TS-HKMSDD) deployed in the underwater highway called the Trans-Tokyo Bay Expressway or Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line (TBAL). It was detected right after the arrival of the 2021 Typhoon-16 that passed through the region 400 km south of the bay. The measured oscillation period and decay time were respectively 3 h and 10 h. These measurements were found to be consistent with previous tide gauge measurements. Meteotsunamis are known to take place in bays and lakes, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of meteotsunamis are similar to seismic tsunamis. However, their generation and propagation mechanisms are not well understood. The current result indicates that a combination of muography and trans-bay or trans-lake underwater tunnels will offer an additional tool to measure meteotsunamis at locations where tide gauges are unavailable.
Role of phlebotomy in the treatment of liver damage related to erythropoietic porphyria
Authors: Hagiwara Satoru , Nishida Naoshi , Ida Hiroshi , Ueshima Kazuomi , Minami Yasunori , Takita Masahiro , Aoki Tomoko , Morita Masahiro , Chishina Hirokazu , Komeda Yoriaki , Yoshida Akihiro , Park Ah-Mee , Sato Masako , Kawada Akira , Nakano Hajime , Nakagawa Hiroshi , Kudo Masatoshi
Published: April 2022

Liver damage affects the prognosis of patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP). However, there is no radical cure for EPP patients with severe liver damage. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of phlebotomy in patients with severe liver damage. We examined seven patients diagnosed with EPP and liver damage between 2010 and 2020. Of the 7 cases, phlebotomy was performed in 3 cases with severe hepatic disorder, and the improvement effect of hepatic disorder was observed in all cases. In addition, as an additional study, we also investigated the mechanism by which liver damage becomes more severe. Liver biopsy samples were stained with hematoxylin and eosin and immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression of adenosine triphosphate-binding transporter G2 (ABCG2). Liver biopsies were performed in 3 of 7 patients with EPP. Of these three patients, ABCG2 expression was low in two patients, especially in the protoporphyrin (PP) deposition area. Two patients with reduced ABCG2 expression subsequently developed severe liver damage. However, the causal relationship between the decreased expression of ABCG2 and the exacerbation of liver damage has not been directly proved, and further investigation is required in the future. This study demonstrated the effectiveness of phlebotomy in EPP patients with severe liver damage.
Recent advances in removal of Congo Red dye by adsorption using an industrial waste
Authors: Harja Maria , Buema Gabriela , Bucur Daniel
Published: April 2022

The Congo Red dye was removed from a simulated textile wastewater solution using fly ash from a local power plant. The characterisation of fly ash was studied in detail by SEM, EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET surface area and TGA techniques. The influence of four parameters (contact time, initial concentration, adsorbent dose, and temperature) was analysed, the results showing that the adsorption capacity depends on these parameters. Thermodynamic and regeneration investigations as well are presented. The fit to pseudo-second-order kinetics models suggests that the removal process is a chemical adsorption. The Langmuir model fitted the experimental data, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 22.12 mg/g. The research is a preliminary case study that highlights that fly ash posed a very good potential as a material for Congo Red dye removal.
Collagen-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles as a sustainable catalyst for spirooxindole synthesis
Authors: Azarnier Shima Ghanbari , Esmkhani Maryam , Dolatkhah Zahra , Javanshir Shahrzad
Published: April 2022

In this work, a novel magnetic organic–inorganic hybrid catalyst was fabricated by encapsulating magnetite@silica (Fe3O4@SiO2) nanoparticles with Isinglass protein collagen (IGPC) using epichlorohydrin (ECH) as a crosslinking agent. Characterization studies of the prepared particles were accomplished by various analytical techniques specifically, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) analysis. The XRD results showed a crystalline and amorphous phase which contribute to magnetite and isinglass respectively. Moreover, the formation of the core/shell structure had been confirmed by TEM images. The synthesized Fe3O4@SiO2/ECH/IG was applied as a bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst in the synthesis of spirooxindole derivatives through the multicomponent reaction of isatin, malononitrile, and C-H acids which demonstrated its excellent catalytic properties. The advantages of this green approach were low catalyst loading, short reaction time, stability, and recyclability for at least four runs.
Evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity in rare earth mining areas in China
Authors: Bai Jingjing , Xu Xin , Duan Yaoting , Zhang Guangyu , Wang Zhe , Wang Lu , Zheng Chunli
Published: April 2022

Rare earth elements are a nonrenewable and important strategic resource, and China is rich in these elements. However, the substantial exploitation of these resources has caused the migration, diffusion, transformation and accumulation of pollution sources, which in turn has a profound impact on the ecological environment of mining areas. Accurate evaluations of resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) are important for the green development of mining areas. In this paper, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method based on the combination of the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and entropy methods is used to study the RECC of mine areas in terms of both support capacity and pressure. The Bayan Obo mine in Inner Mongolia, the Longnan mine in Jiangxi, the Weishan mine in Shandong, the Mianning mine in Sichuan, the Pingyuan mine in Guangdong, and the Chongzuo mine in Guangxi, which are typical representative mines, were selected for a horizontal comparison. The results show that, with the exception of the Bayan Obo mine, the support index was greater than the pressure index in terms of mining and human activities in all mining areas. The RECC index ranked order for the mining areas was Bayan Obo > Longnan > Mianning > Pingyuan > Weishan > Chongzuo. In addition, an obstacle degree model was used to identify and extract the main factors affecting the ecological quality of the mine sites. The ratio of investment in environmental pollution control to GDP was the most important factor, of all factors, which limited the improvement in the mine support index. Through the above research, we identified the main factors affecting the ecological carrying capacity of each mining area, providing a scientific basis for formulating corresponding environmental regulations and reducing the environmental pollution caused by rare earth mining.
An 8-year clinical experience with diagnosis and treatment of adrenal lesions with calcification
Authors: Dai Jun , Xie Jialing , Yang Kai , He Wei , Sun Fukang , Xu Danfeng , Jiang Min , Zhao Juping
Published: April 2022

Adrenal lesions with calcification are uncommon and surgical indication remains controversial. We evaluate rational indications for surgical intervention of adrenal lesions with calcification. From 2013 to 2021, 75 adrenal lesions with calcification managed with surgery had necessary studies for evaluation of rational surgical indication. Clinical benefit was defined as relief of symptoms or/and removal of the malignant tumors. Influencing factors for clinical benefit were evaluated by logistic regression. During the past 8-year period, 5057 patients received adrenal surgery in our center and 75 (1.5%) patients were accompanied with calcification, including 34 males and 41 females with a median age of 54 years (IQR = 41–63 years). The median maximum diameter of calcified adrenal lesions on preoperative CT imaging was 4.2 cm (IQR = 3.0–5.9 cm). Clinical benefit was achieved in 22 cases, including 4 cases of malignant tumors and 18 cases of relieved clinical symptoms. Correlation analysis indicated that maximum diameter of the lesion was significantly correlated with clinical benefit (p = 0.025). The maximum diameter in benefit group vs. non-benefit group was 5.5 cm (IQR = 3.7–7.4 cm) vs. 3.7 cm (IQR = 2.8–5.4 cm). AUC of the maximum diameter ROC curve of adrenal lesions was 0.662. The diameter, sensitivity and specificity corresponding to the maximum Youden index value were 4.5 cm, 0.682 and 0.623, respectively. Clinical benefit was not significantly correlated with calcification distribution (peripheral or internally scattered) (P = 0.106), calcification area ≥ 50% (P = 0.617) and internal enhancement of the lesion (P = 0.720). Adrenal lesions with calcification are mostly benign. Clinical benefit is significantly correlated with the maximum diameter of the lesion and 4.5 cm may be considered as the cutoff point of surgical intervention.
Identification of dyes and matrices for dye doped polymer waveguide emitters covering the visible spectrum
Authors: Paz L. F. , Caño-García M. , Geday M. A. , Otón J. M. , Quintana X.
Published: April 2022

Polymer based photonic devices offer the possibility cost effective roll-to-roll manufacture of photonic devices. The incorporation of luminescent dopants within a solid polymer waveguide allows for the generation of light within the device avoiding tedious mechanical light coupling. However, when a dopant is embedded in a solid matrix, depending on its concentration and the nature of materials involved, the emitted light may be quenched due to aggregation effects. In this work, thin films and ridge waveguides processed by UV-photolithography have been successfully obtained from a selection of standard photopolymerizable organic monomers, SU8, EpoCore and OrmoStamp doped with a selection of standard dyes like Rhodamine-B, Coumarin-540A and Pyrromethene-580. All structures were manufactured on glass substrates. An analysis of the solubility and optical properties including band gap energy, absorption coefficient ($$\alpha $$α) and fluorescence of the doped photoresists at different concentrations has been performed. Photoresists doped with Rhodamine-B shows a higher energy of indirect allowed band gap transition (2.04–2.09 eV) compared to previously reported pure Rhodamine-B thin films (1.95–1.98 eV). Fabrication protocols of dye doped photoresists covering the entire visible spectrum is established.
Scalp attached tangential magnetoencephalography using tunnel magneto-resistive sensors
Authors: Kanno Akitake , Nakasato Nobukazu , Oogane Mikihiko , Fujiwara Kosuke , Nakano Takafumi , Arimoto Tadashi , Matsuzaki Hitoshi , Ando Yasuo
Published: April 2022

Non-invasive human brain functional imaging with millisecond resolution can be achieved only with magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG). MEG has better spatial resolution than EEG because signal distortion due to inhomogeneous head conductivity is negligible in MEG but serious in EEG. However, this advantage has been practically limited by the necessary setback distances between the sensors and scalp, because the Dewar vessel containing liquid helium for superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) requires a thick vacuum wall. Latest developments of high critical temperature (high-Tc) SQUIDs or optically pumped magnetometers have allowed closer placement of MEG sensors to the scalp. Here we introduce the use of tunnel magneto-resistive (TMR) sensors for scalp-attached MEG. Improvement of TMR sensitivity with magnetic flux concentrators enabled scalp-tangential MEG at 2.6 mm above the scalp, to target the largest signal component produced by the neural current below. In a healthy subject, our single-channel TMR-MEG system clearly demonstrated the N20m, the initial cortical component of the somatosensory evoked response after median nerve stimulation. Multisite measurement confirmed a spatially and temporally steep peak of N20m, immediately above the source at a latency around 20 ms, indicating a new approach to non-invasive functional brain imaging with millimeter and millisecond resolutions.
Real world data of anticoagulant treatment in non-valvular atrial fibrillation across renal function status
Authors: Calderon Jose Miguel , Martinez Fernando , Fernandez Antonio , Sauri Inmaculada , Diaz Javier , Uso Ruth , Trillo Jose Luis , Redon Josep , Forner Maria Jose
Published: April 2022

The objective is to assess the impact of anticoagulant treatment in non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) and different categories of renal dysfunction in real world. Electronic Health recordings of patients with diagnosis of AF and renal function collected throughout 5 years and classified according to KDIGO categories. Stroke, transitory ischemic attack (TIA), intracranial hemorrhage and all-cause mortality were identified. Anticoagulant treatments during the study period were classified in untreated (never received therapy), VKA, NOAC and Aspirin. The risk of events was calculated by Cox-proportional hazard models adjusted by confounders. A total of 65,734 patients with AF, mean age 73.3 ± 10.49 years old and 47% females and follow-up of 3.2 years were included. KDIGO classification were: G1 33,903 (51.6%), G2 17,456 (26.6%), G3 8024 (12.2%) and G4 6351 (9.7%). There were 8592 cases of stroke and TIA, 437 intracranial hemorrhage, and 9603 all-cause deaths (incidence 36, 2 and 38 per 103 person/year, respectively). 4.1% of patients with CHA2DS2-VASc Score 2 or higher did not receive anticoagulant therapy. Risk of stroke, TIA, and all-cause mortality increased from G1 to G4 groups. Anticoagulant treatments reduced the risk of events in the four categories, but NOAC seemed to offer significantly better protection. Renal dysfunction increases the risk of events in AF and anticoagulant treatments reduced the risk of stroke and all-cause mortality, although NOAC were better than VKA. Efforts should be done to reduce the variability in the use of anticoagulants even in this high risk group.
Polarization based discrete variables quantum key distribution via conjugated homodyne detection
Authors: Ramos Mariana F. , Pinto Armando N. , Silva Nuno A.
Published: April 2022

Optical homodyne detection is widely adopted in continuous-variable quantum key distribution for high-rate field measurement quadratures. Besides that, those detection schemes have been being implemented for single-photon statistics characterization in the field of quantum tomography. In this work, we propose a discrete-variable quantum key distribution (DV-QKD) implementation that combines the use of phase modulators for high-speed state of polarization (SOP) generation, with a conjugate homodyne detection scheme which enables the deployment of high speed QKD systems. The channel discretization relies on the application of a detection threshold that allows to map the measured voltages as a click or no-click. Our scheme relies also on the use of a time-multiplexed pilot tone—quantum signal architecture which enables the use of a Bob locally generated local oscillator and opens the door to an effective polarization drift compensation scheme. Besides that, our results shows that for higher detection threshold values we obtain a very low quantum bit error rate (QBER) on the sifted key. Nevertheless, due to huge number of discarded qubits the obtained secure key length abruptly decreases. From our results, we observe that optimizing the detection threshold and considering a system operating at 500 MHz symbol generation clock, a secure key rate of approximately 46.9 Mbps, with a sifted QBER of  $$1.5\%$$1.5%over 40 km of optical fiber. This considering the error correction and privacy amplification steps necessary to obtain a final secure key.
Increasing ion yield circular dichroism in femtosecond photoionisation using optimal control theory
Authors: Mondelo-Martell Manel , Basilewitsch Daniel , Braun Hendrike , Koch Christiane P. , Reich Daniel M.
Published: April 2022

We use optimal control theory and quantum dynamical simulations to show that shaped electromagnetic pulses can increase the difference in absorption of the enantiomers of fenchone in an effective two-level description.
Modulation of the thermal conductivity, interlayer thermal resistance, and interfacial thermal conductance of C2N
Authors: Song Jieren , Xu Zhonghai , He Xiaodong , Liang Xingang
Published: April 2022

Exploring the thermal transport properties of C2N under multiple regulatory mechanisms.
The critical role of Asp206 stabilizing residues on the catalytic mechanism of the Ideonella sakaiensis PETase
Authors: Magalhães Rita P. , Fernandes Henrique S. , Sousa Sérgio F.
Published: April 2022

We described the catalytic mechanism of IsPETase, a polyethylene-terephthalate degrading enzyme. The reaction was found to progress in four steps, divided in two events: formation of the first transition intermediate and hydrolysis of the adduct.
Silver(i) metal–organic framework-embedded polylactic acid electrospun fibrous membranes for efficient inhibition of bacteria
Authors: Zhang Siqi , Ma Xiao , Yu Hailong , Lu Xinyi , Liu Jianhui , Zhang Lihua , Wang Guangyao , Ye Junwei , Ning Guiling
Published: April 2022

Schematic of the potential antibacterial mechanism of an Ag2(HBTC)/PLA electrospun fibrous membrane.
Hawk tea prevents high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by activating the AMPK/ACC/SREBP1c signaling pathways and regulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Tao Wei , Cao Weiguo , Yu Bao , Chen Huan , Gong Ruixue , Luorong Quji , Luo Juan , Yao Ling , Zhang Dan
Published: April 2022

Hawk tea, a caffeine-free, non-Camellia tea, could attenuated weight gain, fat accumulation and lipid levels, and modify intestinal microbiota disorders, lipid metabolism.
Fiber-integrated optical tweezers for ballistic transport and trapping yeast cells
Authors: Deng Hongchang , Chen Dawei , Wang Rui , Li Fuwang , Luo Zhongyue , Deng Shijie , Yin Jun , Yu Lingyao , Zhang Wentao , Yuan Libo
Published: April 2022

Fiber-integrated optical tweezers for ballistic transport and trapping of yeast cells. A novel capillary optical fiber tweezer (COFT) to break the limitation of the optical trapping direction and extend the spatial range of optical trapping.
Dityrosine-inspired photocrosslinking technique for 3D printing of silk fibroin-based composite hydrogel scaffolds
Authors: Huang Yi , Sun Guangdong , Lyu Lingling , Li Yongqiang , Li Dapeng , Fan Qinguo , Yao Juming , Shao Jianzhong
Published: April 2022

A 3D printable system that enabled extrusive manufacturing of complex 3D SF scaffolds and allowed a post-photocrosslinking treatment was developed.
Chemical crosslinking in ‘reactive’ multicomponent gels
Authors: Panja Santanu , Adams Dave J.
Published: April 2022

We show that the hydrolysis of EDC can be used to construct a reactive system to trigger permanent covalent crosslinking between the components in multicomponent gels comprising gelators with a carboxylic acid and amine group.
Modulation of proton conductivity in coordination polymer mixed glasses
Authors: Thanaphatkosol Chonwarin , Ma Nattapol , Kageyama Kotoha , Watcharatpong Teerat , Tiyawarakul Thanakorn , Kongpatpanich Kanokwan , Horike Satoshi
Published: April 2022

Mixed glasses from two meltable coordination polymers show composition dependent glass transition temperatures and a mixed-glass former effect on proton conductivity.
Uncovering the multifaceted roles of nitrogen defects in graphitic carbon nitride for selective photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction: a density functional theory study
Authors: Tang Jie-Yinn , Er Chen-Chen , Tan Lling-Lling , Chew Yi-Hao , Mohamed Abdul Rahman , Chai Siang-Piao
Published: April 2022

Nitrogen defect-engineered g-C3N4 with high electron localization at the vacancy site manifested stronger interaction with CO2 molecules and concomitantly enhanced the reaction specificity towards CO, CH3OH and CH4 generations from CO2 reduction.
Hexagonal perovskite Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 as an efficient electrocatalyst towards the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wei Lianwei , Hu Jiaping , Liu Huimin , Zhang Wanqun , Zheng Hui , Wu Shusheng , Tang Kaibin
Published: April 2022

The first report of Sr6(Co0.8Fe0.2)5O15 perovskite oxide with a hexagonal phase structure in the field of OER electrocatalysis.
The influence of hardness at varying pH on zinc toxicity and lability to a freshwater microalga, Chlorella sp.
Authors: Price Gwilym. A. V. , Stauber Jenny L. , Holland Aleicia , Koppel Darren J. , Van Genderen Eric J. , Ryan Adam C. , Jolley Dianne F.
Published: April 2022

Zinc is an essential element for aquatic organisms, however, activities such as mining and refining, as well as zinc's ubiquitous role in modern society can contribute to elevated environmental concentrations of zinc.
Strategies for picking membrane-associated particles within subtomogram averaging workflows
Authors: Pyle Euan , Hutchings Joshua , Zanetti Giulia
Published: April 2022

In cryo-tomography and subtomogram averaging, particle picking constitutes a major bottleneck and requires significant user time and expertise. Here we summarise particle-picking strategies, focusing in particular on membrane-associated particles.
Oral processing behaviours of liquid, solid and composite foods are primarily driven by texture, mechanical and lubrication properties rather than by taste intensity
Authors: Gonzalez-Estanol Karina , Libardi Maddalena , Biasioli Franco , Stieger Markus
Published: April 2022

The aim of the study was to understand the effect of saltiness and sweetness intensity on oral processing behaviours of liquid, solid and composite foods using a HUT test.
Fenton-like chemistry enables catalytic oxidative desulfurization of thioacetals and thioketals with hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Zhao Guodong , Wang Yaxin , Wang Cheng , Lei Haimin , Yi Bingqing , Tong Rongbiao
Published: April 2022

The catalytic deprotection of thioacetals/thioketals with Fenton-halide [H2O2/CeBr3(cat)]: reactive brominating species (RBS) generatedin situfrom Fenton-like chemistry are highly effective for the oxidative desulfurization of thioacetals and thioketals.
Oxygen reduction reaction catalyzed by carbon composites with ruthenium-doped iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Qiming , Zhou Hong Bo , Nichols Forrest , Kuo Han-Lin , Mercado Rene , Lu Bingzhang , Zhu Weiya , Liu Yashu , Lu Jennifer Q. , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei
Published: April 2022

Carbon nanocomposites with Ru-doped Fe2O3 nanoparticles are derived from a Fe–Ru–Fe trinuclear complex and zeolitic imidazolate framework 8 and exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxygen reduction reaction, comparable to that of Pt/C.
MXene-supported NiMn-LDHs as efficient electrocatalysts towards enhanced oxygen evolution reactions
Authors: Liu Yi , Bai Liang , Li Tao , Liu Haixing , Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Lifeng , Hao Xiaodong , He Chaozheng , Guo Shouwu
Published: April 2022

The distinctive 2D/2D hybrids consisting of NiMn-LDHs grown on the Ti3C2 MXene surface are synthesized, which deliver an excellent OER activity due to the MXene coupling.
The pinene scaffold: its occurrence, chemistry, synthetic utility, and pharmacological importance
Authors: Nyamwihura Rogers J. , Ogungbe Ifedayo Victor
Published: April 2022

This review provides insight into the utility of pinene in the synthetic building block and as reagent in asymmetric synthesis.
Site-selective coupling of remote C(sp3)–H/meta-C(sp2)–H bonds enabled by Ru/photoredox dual catalysis and mechanistic studies
Authors: Liu Hong-Chao , Kong Xiangtao , Gong Xiao-Ping , Li Yuke , Niu Zhi-Jie , Gou Xue-Ya , Li Xue-Song , Wang Yu-Zhao , Shi Wei-Yu , Huang Yan-Chong , Liu Xue-Yuan , Liang Yong-Min
Published: April 2022

A novel photoinduced Ru/photocatalyst-cocatalyzed regioselective cross-dehydrogenative coupling of dual remote C–H bonds, including inert γ-C(sp3)–H bonds in amides and meta-C(sp2)–H bonds in arenes, to construct meta-alkylated arenes has been accomplished.
Machine learning potential era of zeolite simulation
Authors: Ma Sicong , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: April 2022

The machine learning atomic simulation will usher the research of zeolite, as other complex materials, into a new era featuring the easy access to zeolite functionalities predicted from theory.
Alteration of oxygen evolution mechanisms in layered LiCoO2 structures by intercalation of alkali metal ions
Authors: Kim Yohan , Kim Seongmin , Shim Minyoung , Oh Yusik , Lee Kug-Seung , Jung Yousung , Byon Hye Ryung
Published: April 2022

Two oxygen evolution reaction (OER) mechanisms on layered lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2 and simply LCO) were demonstrated by inserting various alkali metal ions.
Geometrical engineering of a SPAN–graphene composite cathode for practical Li–S batteries
Authors: Kim Hun , Hwang Jang-Yeon , Bang Sangin , Jung Hun-Gi , Sun Yang-Kook
Published: April 2022

A 2D-compacted composite cathode composed of sulfurized-polyacrylonitrile (SPAN) and graphene for Li–S batteries.
Three-dimensional models of the lung: past, present and future: a mini review
Authors: Sen Chandani , Freund Delilah , Gomperts Brigitte N.
Published: April 2022

Respiratory diseases are a major reason for death in both men and women worldwide. The development of therapies for these diseases has been slow and the lack of relevant human models to understand lung biology inhibits therapeutic discovery. The lungs are structurally and functionally complex with many different cell types which makes designing relevant lung models particularly challenging. The traditional two-dimensional (2D) cell line cultures are, therefore, not a very accurate representation of the in vivo lung tissue. The recent development of three-dimensional (3D) co-culture systems, popularly known as organoids/spheroids, aims to bridge the gap between ‘in-dish’ and ‘in-tissue’ cell behavior. These 3D cultures are modeling systems that are widely divergent in terms of culturing techniques (bottom-up/top-down) that can be developed from stem cells (adult/embryonic/pluripotent stem cells), primary cells or from two or more types of cells, to build a co-culture system. Lung 3D models have diverse applications including the understanding of lung development, lung regeneration, disease modeling, compound screening, and personalized medicine. In this review, we discuss the different techniques currently being used to generate 3D models and their associated cellular and biological materials. We further detail the potential applications of lung 3D cultures for disease modeling and advances in throughput for drug screening.
Accurate electricity consumption prediction using enhanced long short‐term memory
Authors: Chinnaraji Ragupathi , Ragupathy Prakash
Published: April 2022

In the present era, the exponential growth in the human population and technological advancements has dramatically increased the power demand. As electricity is being used at the same time as it is produced at the power plant, effective forecasting of energy usage is crucial for maintaining a reliable power supply. In this work, a novel deep learning model named enhanced long short‐term memory (E‐LSTM) is proposed to accurately predict electricity consumption in advance as this deep learning model will accurately predict the electricity consumption by adjusting the number of hidden layers and optimizing the hyper‐parameters. Until attaining high accuracy, hyper‐parameters like learning rate (LR) and epochs along with hidden layers are adjusted to analyze the relative performance of the model. Also, rectified linear activation function alleviates the vanishing gradient problem of the model. Also, this work evaluated the seven LR policies using crucial policy (CP) benchmark on keras framework. Experiments using various evaluation criteria demonstrate that the developed E‐LSTM model is efficient. When comparing some of the other state‐of‐the‐art forecasting techniques, it has the lowest values of mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE) over the UC Irvine (UCI) residential building dataset.
Adaptive dual model predictive control for linear systems with parametric uncertainties
Authors: Lin Mengting , Ning Zhaoke , Li Bin , Zhang Kai
Published: April 2022

Adaptive dual model predictive control (DMPC) for linear systems with constant parametric uncertainties is investigated in this paper. In particular, chance constraints on output and input are considered. The online set‐membership identification and recursive least squares are utilized for shrinking the uncertain parameter set and getting the estimation point of the parameters. The dual effect represented by the parameters' prediction error is considered in the receding horizon optimization problem for easing the impact of the uncertainties and improving the performance simultaneously. Chance constraints on output are tackled by converting into convex alternatives. The output tracking problem is transformed into a quadratically constrained quadratic‐programming (QCQP) problem, which is computationally tractable. A numerical example is provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Exoplanet atmospheres at high resolution through a modest-size telescope
Authors: Bello-Arufe Aaron , Buchhave Lars A. , Mendonça João M. , Tronsgaard René , Heng Kevin , Jens Hoeijmakers H. , Mayo Andrew W.
Published: April 2022

Ground-based, high-resolution spectrographs are providing us with an unprecedented view of the dynamics and chemistry of the atmospheres of planets outside the Solar System. While there are a large number of stable and precise high-resolution spectrographs on modest-size telescopes, it is the spectrographs at observatories with apertures larger than 3.5 m that dominate the atmospheric follow-up of exoplanets. In this work we explore the potential of characterising exoplanetary atmospheres with FIES, a high-resolution spectrograph at the 2.56 m Nordic Optical Telescope. We observed two transits of MASCARA-2 b (also known as KELT-20 b) and one transit of KELT-9 b to search for atomic iron, a species that has recently been discovered in both neutral and ionised forms in the atmospheres of these ultra-hot Jupiters using large telescopes. Using a cross-correlation method, we detect a signal of Fe II at the 4.5σ and 4.0σ level in the transits of MaSCARA-2 b. We also detect Fe II in the transit of KELT-9 b at the 8.5σ level. Although we do not find any significant Doppler shift in the signal of MASCARA-2 b, we do measure a moderate blueshift (3–6 km s−1) of the feature in KELT-9 b, which might be a manifestation of high-velocity winds transporting Fe II from the planetary dayside to the nightside. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of investigating exoplanet atmospheres with FIES, and it potentially unlocks a wealth of additional atmosphere detections with this and other high-resolution spectrographs mounted on similar-size telescopes.
Asymptotic Analysis of a Matrix Latent Decomposition Model
Authors: Mantoux Clément , Durrleman Stanley , Allassonnière Stéphanie
Published: April 2022

Matrix data sets arise in network analysis for medical applications, where each network belongs to a subject and represents a measurable phenotype. These large dimensional data are often modeled using lower-dimensional latent variables, which explain most of the observed variability and can be used for predictive purposes. In this paper, we provide asymptotic convergence guarantees for the estimation of a hierarchical statistical model for matrix data sets. It captures the variability of matrices by modeling a truncation of their eigendecomposition. We show that this model is identifiable, and that consistent Maximum A Posteriori (MAP) estimation can be performed to estimate the distribution of eigenvalues and eigenvectors. The MAP estimator is shown to be asymptotically normal for a restricted version of the model.
Erste Erfahrungen mit einem neuen Radiofrequenzsystem zur endovenösen Perforanstherapie
Authors: Eisele Robert M. , Kirsch Ulrike
Published: April 2022

Einführung Die Behandlung der Perforantenvarikose (PV) gehört zu den großen Herausforderungen in der Phlebologie – nicht nur aufgrund der Vergesellschaftung mit chronischen Ulzera crurium und der Rezidivrate. Endovenöse Verfahren der Perforantenablation (EPA) unterliegen technischen Schwierigkeiten. Wir berichten von einer ersten Serie der EPA mit einem neuartigen Radiowellensystem.

Material, Patienten und Methoden Ausschließlich isolierte PV wurden in die Studie aufgenommen. Zur Diagnosestellung wurden dopplersonografische Untersuchungen (DU) durchgeführt. Die ultraschallgeführte EPA erfolgt unter sterilen Kautelen in der ambulanten Operationsabteilung. Postinterventionelle DU wurden nach einem Tag und 14 Tagen, 5 Wochen sowie 3, 6 und 12 Monaten terminiert. Im Falle einer Rekanalisierung wurde eine Schaumsklerosierung angestrebt.

Ergebnisse Neun PV wurden behandelt. Der durchschnittliche Energieeintrag betrug 969J. Nach einem medianen Nachuntersuchungszeitraum von 257 Tagen betrug die primäre Verschlussrate 75%, die sekundäre nach Schaumsklerosierung 89%. Die minimale Komplikationsrate trug zu einer hohen Patientenakzeptanz bei.

Schlussfolgerung Die EPA zur Behandlung der PV mit dem neuen Radiowellensystem hat sich als wirksam und verträglich bewährt. Weiteren Untersuchungen wird es vorbehalten sein, die endgültige Rolle der EPA in der Behandlung von PV zu definieren.
Thiaziddiuretika zur Therapie der Hypertonie bei eingeschränkter Nierenfunktion
Authors: Dominik Alscher Mark
Published: April 2022

Diuretika – welche besser Saluretika heißen sollten, da der Wirkmechanismus die Resorptionshemmung von Natrium im Tubulussystem der Niere ist und so sekundär die Ausscheidung von Wasser erhöht wird –, sind seit vielen Jahren und evidenzbasiert wirksame Medikamente zur Blutdruckeinstellung [1]. Dies betrifft überwiegend die Thiaziddiuretika, welche als zusätzlichen Effekt eine Minderung des Kochsalzgehalts der glattmuskulären Zellen haben und so auch die Vasomotoren im Sinne einer Dilatation beeinflussen können. Deshalb kommen zur Behandlung der Hypertonie auch deutlich niedrigere Dosen zum Einsatz im Vergleich zur diuretischen Wirkung (bspw. Hydrochlorothiazid 12,5 mg/d). Die Thiaziddiuretika wiederum haben als Nebenwirkung, dass bei einer diuretischen Wirkung über den erhaltenen tubuloglomerulären Feedback-Mechanismus dann durch das vermehrte Kochsalzangebot an der Macula densa in der Niere die glomeruläre Filtrationsrate reduziert wird: Eine vorbestehende Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion kann sich dadurch deutlich verschlechtern [2]. Deshalb wird im Regelfall bei einer Einschränkung der Nierenfunktion (es werden unterschiedliche Schwellenwerte angegeben) die Gabe von Thiaziden als Kontraindikation eingestuft. Eine Besonderheit ist die Kombination mit einem Schleifendiuretikum. Schleifendiuretika schalten den tubuloglomerulären Feedback-Mechanismus aus. Deshalb können im Sinne einer sequenziellen Tubulusblockade beide Diuretika kombiniert gegeben werden [3, 4].
Schulung zur Selbstpunktion durch das Dialysepflegepersonal in einer Klinikdialyse
Authors: Matz Barbara
Published: April 2022

Im Verlauf der letzten 5 Jahre fiel an den Kliniken Sindelfingen auf, dass teilstationäre Dialysepatienten mit einem Shunt nicht zur Selbstpunktion angeleitet wurden. Da die Selbstpunktion einige Vorteile bietet, wurde deshalb im Rahmen eines Forschungsprojekts untersucht, welche Faktoren die Pflegekräfte von einer Schulung zur Selbstpunktion abhalten. Vermutet wurde Zeitmangel oder fehlende Motivation der Pflegekräfte aufgrund des hektischen Dialysealltags. Um hemmende Faktoren eindeutig zu identifizieren, wurde in der Klinikdialyse Sindelfingen des Klinikverbunds Südwest (KVSW) eine Befragung des Pflegepersonals durchgeführt. In dieser Einrichtung werden derzeit weder Schulungen zur Selbstpunktion von teilstationären Dialysepatienten abgehalten, noch wird die Möglichkeit dazu gegeben. Ärzte und Patienten wurden in die Befragung nicht miteinbezogen. Die Ergebnisse werden in diesem Beitrag, der auf einer Facharbeit basiert, vorgestellt und beschrieben.
Wenn Hilflosigkeit in Wut und Wut in Gewalt
umschlägt
Authors: Singer Dominique
Published: April 2022

Liebe Leserinnen und Leser,

wohl allen im Kreißsaal Tätigen ist der Effekt bekannt: Aus
neonatologischer Erfahrung ist es vor allem die Nachricht, dass ein Neugeborenes
wegen einer Anpassungsstörung „mitgenommen“ werden muss, die
mitunter wütende Reaktionen hervorruft. Ursache hierfür ist
– einigermaßen offensichtlich – ein
Aversions-Aversions-Konflikt: Auf der einen Seite wollen sich die jungen Eltern das
ersehnte Geburtserlebnis nicht nehmen lassen. Auf der anderen Seite möchten
sie ihrem neugeborenen Kind keine notwendige Behandlung vorenthalten. Wird die so
empfundene Ausweglosigkeit als Quelle der Wut erkannt, lassen sich die Emotionen mit
etwas Feingefühl meist rasch wieder „einfangen“. Neu, und
neuerdings auch in den Medien präsent, ist der Umstand, dass derlei
Emotionen immer öfter in veritable Gewalt gegen Klinikpersonal umschlagen.
Das Phänomen ist vor allem im Rettungsdienst und in Notaufnahmen virulent,
also überall dort, wo – ähnlich wie beim elementaren
Geburtserlebnis – die Gefühle der Hilflosigkeit besonders
ausgeprägt sind. Es scheint aber, wie eine in dieser Ausgabe unserer
Zeitschrift nachzulesende Studie zu Gewalterfahrungen in Berliner
Kreißsälen aufzeigt, weitere Faktoren sowohl auf Seiten der
„Täter“ (Ungeduld, überzogene Erwartungshaltung,
sprachliche und kulturelle Verständigungsschwierigkeiten) als auch der
„Opfer“ (Organisationsmängel, Erschöpfung,
Unerfahrenheit) zu geben, die sich gewaltbegünstigend auswirken –
neben einer hochgradig irritierenden Absenkung der Aggressionsschwelle
gegenüber helfenden Berufen allgemein. Es ist wichtig, die
Grenzüberschreitung von der individualpsychologisch verständlichen
Reaktion zu der sozialpsychologisch bedenklichen Entwicklung zu benennen, um das
Phänomen aus der Tabuzone zu holen und die potenziell Betroffenen mit
präventiven Fertigkeiten auszustatten.
Angiotensin(1–7) Improves Islet Function in Diabetes Through
Reducing JNK/Caspase-3 Signaling
Authors: Liu Jing , Li Xing , Wang Xiaoyan , Peng Lina , Song Guoning , He Junhua
Published: April 2022

The aim of this study is to investigate whether Angiotensin (1–7), the
physiological antagonist of Angiotensin II (AngII), has antidiabetic activity
and the possible mechanism. Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3
groups: control group fed the normal diet, DM group fed high-fat diet and
injected with STZ, and Angiotensin (1–7) group receiving injection of
STZ followed by Angiotensin (1–7) treatment. Serum Ang II, fasting blood
glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-beta were determined in control, diabetes
and Angiotensin (1–7) groups. The increased AngII and insulin resistance
in diabetes group were accompanied by changes in islet histopathology. However,
Angiotensin (1–7) improved the islet function and histopathology in
diabetes without affecting the level of AngII. Western blot confirmed that
Angiotensin (1–7) decreased the cleaved caspase 3 levels in pancreas of
DM. The increased expression of JNK, Bax, and Bcl2 genes under diabetic
conditions were partially reversed after Angiotensin (1–7)
administration in pancreas. Immunofluorescence analysis showed that p-JNK was
markedly increased in islet of DM rats, which was markedly alleviated after
Angiotensin (1–7) treatment. Furthermore, Angiotensin (1–7)
reversed high glucose(HG) induced mitochondrial apoptosis augments. Finally,
Angiotensin (1–7) attenuated the apoptosis of INS-1 cells through
reducing JNK activation in diabetes, which was blocked by anisomycin (a potent
agonist of JNK). Our findings provide supporting evidence that Angiotensin
(1–7) improved the islet beta-cells apoptosis by JNK-mediated
mitochondrial dysfunction, which might be a novel target for the treatment and
prevention of beta-cells dysfunction in DM.
Metal-Free Synthesis of 1,3-Dioxane Derivatives from Aromatic Alkynes and Paraformaldehyde
Authors: Ding Man-Hua , Zeng Fei , Hu Xin
Published: April 2022

Here we report the efficient synthesis of a series of 1,3-dioxane derivatives from aromatic alkynes, paraformaldehyde, and a Lewis acid catalyzed reaction at room temperature. This reaction is metal-free and atom-economic. Single crystals of two typical 1,3-dioxane derivatives are obtained. A mechanism that the reaction proceeds through a six- or eight-membered ring intermediate is proposed.
Sudden Hearing Loss and Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease
Authors: Campbell Kathleen C. M. , Klemens James J.
Published: April 2022

This case report describes the audiologic and medical diagnostic evaluations, results, and treatment options in a patient with a classic presentation of immune-mediated sensorineural hearing loss, commonly called autoimmune inner ear disease (AIED). It reviews findings of the basic battery, immittance audiometry, transient otoacoustic emissions, and auditory brainstem response measures and medical findings over more than 2 years. AIED generally causes asymmetric bilateral sensorineural hearing loss with atypical configuration. Although hearing loss is generally fluctuant, the overall pattern is usually rapid progression, particularly in the absence of early medical intervention. Word recognition is usually disproportionately poor. In our case, otoacoustic emissions and auditory brainstem responses suggest both cochlear and retrocochlear involvement and may initially appear to be inconsistent with pure-tone thresholds. Audiologists must be familiar with AIED because early identification is critical. Additionally, an immunologic basis may be a factor in other disorders, including many cases of Meniere's disease.

Abbreviations: AIED = autoimmune inner ear disease, FTA/ABS = fluorescent treponemal antibody/absorption, MLR = middle latency response, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, TOAEs = transient otoacoustic emissions
Expectations About Hearing Aids and Their Relationship to Fitting Outcome
Authors: Cox Robyn M. , Alexander Genevieve C.
Published: April 2022

Clinicians are often concerned that unrealistic prefitting expectations can have a negative impact on fitting success for new hearing aid wearers. To investigate this concern and to explore the potential value of measuring expectations, we developed the Expected Consequences of Hearing aid Ownership (ECHO) questionnaire as a companion to the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life questionnaire. Four experiments were conducted to (1) determine realistic expectations for hearing aids, (2) evaluate expectations of new users, (3) measure reliability of prefitting expectations, and (4) assess relationships between prefitting expectations and postfitting satisfaction. Novice hearing aid users were found to have stable prefitting expectations about hearing aids, and these expectations were unrealistically high for the typical individual. There were many different expectation patterns across subjects. Of the four subscales of the ECHO, only one was predictive of the corresponding satisfaction data. Potential clinical applications are described.

Abbreviations: ECHO = Expected Consequences of Hearing aid Ownership, SADL = Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Life, 3FAHL = better-ear three-frequency (500–2000 Hz) pure-tone average hearing loss