bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ophthalmic Manifestations in Familial Mediterranean Fever: A Case Series of 6 Patients
Authors: Yazici Alper , Ozdal Pinar , Yuksekkaya Pinar , Elgin Ufuk , Teke Mehmet Yasin , Sari Esin
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe the ocular involvement of patients with familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) followed in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

The data of 6 patients with FMF were retrospectively reviewed. Detailed ophthalmologic examinations, type of inflammation, course of the disease, number of recurrences, treatment regimens, complications, and comorbid ocular or systemic diseases were noted.

Results

The mean age ± SD at diagnosis was 29.3 ± 19.3 (4-53) years. A total of 66.7% of the patients were male and 66.7% of the patients had bilateral disease. The anatomical distribution of the ophthalmic involvement was as follows: posterior uveitis in 2 (33.3%), anterior uveitis in 2 (33.3%), posterior scleritis in 1 (16.7%), and intermediate uveitis in 1 (16.7%) patient. The course was recurrent in 50% of the patients. Final visual acuities were favorable except in the patients with chronic course uveitis. Cystoid macula edema, epiretinal membrane, retinal ischemia, cataract, glaucoma, and band keratopathy were complications noted in the follow-up period. Both cataract and glaucoma patients (50%) needed a surgical intervention. In 33.3% of patients, Behçet disease was present as a concurrent disease. In patients with posterior uveitis and the patient with intermediate uveitis (50%), systemic immunosuppression was required.

Conclusions

There was a male and bilateral involvement predominance. The course of the inflammation was recurrent in half of the patients. Since ocular involvement in FMF is very rare, it should be considered as diagnosis of exclusion.
Outcome of 110 Basal Cell Carcinomas of the Eyelid Treated with Frozen Section–Controlled Excision: Mean Follow-up over 5 Years
Authors: Resti Antonio Giordano , Sacconi Riccardo , Baccelli Nicola , Bandello Francesco
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To analyze the outcome and risk factors of recurrence in patients with basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) of the eyelid treated by en face frozen section–controlled (FSC) excision with a mean follow-up over 5 years.

Methods

This was a retrospective series of 108 patients with 110 biopsy-proven eyelid BCCs. All lesions were excised with 2 mm margins clinically free from neoplasia at clinical examination. For each tumor, en face frozen section examination of surgical margins was employed for the histologic confirmation before the reconstruction. Subsequently, all margins were submitted for permanent paraffin sections.

Results

Of 110 malignancies, 80.9% represented primary carcinomas and 19.1% secondary ones. The overall recurrence rate was 1.8%, with a mean follow-up of 72.4 months (range 30–167). The mean time between the excision of the lesion and the diagnosis of the recurrence was 24 months (range 20–28). No recurrences were observed in 62 tumors followed up for at least 5 years. Secondary BCCs were associated with a higher recurrence rate compared with primary BCCs (4.8% and 1.1%, respectively, p = 0.262).

Conclusions

The FSC excision of eyelid BCCs yields recurrence rates comparable to those of Mohs micrographic surgery at 5-year follow-up. Intraoperative microscopic margin control improves the cure rate of eyelid BCCs, and FSC excision with small margins (2 mm) clinically free from neoplasia is associated with easier reconstruction and better cosmetic and functional outcomes.
High Magnification in vivo Evaluation of the Mechanism of Failure of An Ex-PRESS Shunt Implanted Under the Sclera Flap
Authors: Holló Gábor , Naghizadeh Farzaneh
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To investigate the mechanism of fibrosis-related failure of an Ex-PRESS shunt implanted under the scleral flap in trabeculectomy.

Methods

Case report.

Results

A patient with end-stage secondary open-angle glaucoma on his only functioning right eye was referred for glaucoma valve implantation. His right eye had undergone congenital cataract surgery in early childhood and posterior chamber lens implantation 20 years ago. During the last 18 months, the right eye underwent pars plana vitrectomy with silicone oil implantation, silicone oil removal, 2 sessions of cyclophotocoagulation, 2 failed trabeculectomies (one of them combined with Ex-PRESS shunt implantation under the scleral flap), and 4 trabeculectomy revisions. At presentation, the intraocular pressure varied between 47 and 52 mm Hg on maximal systemic and topical intraocular pressure–lowering medication. Serial limbus parallel scans made with the CAM-L cornea lens adapter of the Optovue Fourier-domain optical coherence tomograph revealed that the space between the inner surface of the scleral flap and the external orifice of the Ex-PRESS shunt was filled by scar tissue, and the scar tissue appeared to invade the lumen of the shunt.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that failure of an Ex-PRESS shunt is not always caused by episcleral fibrosis but may also be caused by scar formation between the scleral flap and the implant, inside the surgical sclera tunnel.
Clinical Outcomes with a New Trifocal Intraocular Lens
Authors: Law Elizabeth M. , Aggarwal Rajesh K. , Kasaby Hosam
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To evaluate visual and refractive outcomes, contrast sensitivity, and quality of vision after cataract surgery with the implantation of a new modality of trifocal intraocular lens (IOL).

Methods

This case series comprised 30 patients who had bilateral implantation of the AT LISA tri 839 MP trifocal IOL after phacoemulsification for either cataract or refractive lens exchange surgery. Uncorrected (UDVA) and corrected monocular distance visual acuity (CDVA) using a logMAR chart, binocular uncorrected (UNVA) and corrected near visual acuity (CNVA) (40 cm and patients' preferred distance) using the Radner Reading Charts, distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) (70 cm), a binocular defocus curve, contrast sensitivity (CS) with the Pelli-Robson test, and subjective quality of vision by a short questionnaire were evaluated at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively.

Results

At 6 months, mean values of 0.05 ± 0.07 and −0.02 ± 0.05 logMAR were obtained for monocular UDVA and CDVA, respectively. Mean values of 0.16 ± 0.07, 0.12 ± 0.07, and 0.16 ± 0.07 logRAD were obtained for binocular UNVA, CNVA, and DCIVA, respectively. Significant changes were only detected in monocular CDVA (p<0.01) and UDVA that improved between 3 and 6 months postoperatively (p = 0.01). A visual acuity level of 0.2 logRAD could be seen in binocular defocus curves between +1.00 and −3.00 D. At 6 months, mean photopic and mesopic CS were 1.52 ± 0.11 and 1.54 ± 0.11. Regarding the questionnaire, almost all patients were satisfied with their distance, intermediate, and near vision. Difficulties associated with photic phenomena decreased significantly over time.

Conclusions

The AT LISA trifocal IOL provides excellent uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual outcomes.
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction Secondary to Dental Impaction
Authors: Resti Antonio Giordano , Bertazzoni Giacomo , Trimarchi Matteo
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To describe a patient with nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO) caused by dental impaction.

Methods

This is an interventional case report of an 18-year-old man presenting epiphora of the right eye. Previous surgical management was unsuccessful. Computed tomography (CT) of the orbits and sinuses was performed. Dacryocystorhinostomy (DCR) on the right lacrimal sac resulted in complete remission of symptoms. The DCR surgical outcome at last follow-up was recorded.

Results

The CT imaging showed ankylosis of deciduous canines and impaction of persistent canines. The root of the right impacted dental element was involved with the nasolacrimal duct, leading to NLDO. Endoscopic DCR resulted in complete remission of symptoms. The patient was symptom-free at last follow-up.

Conclusions

Our case adds NLDO to the long list of complications arising from dental impactions, highlighting the importance of correct early management of the latter condition. This case also shows that dental impaction can be included among the secondary mechanical causes of NLDO.
Detecting an Event of Progression Using Glaucoma Probability Score and the Stereometric Parameters of Heidelberg Retina Tomograph 3
Authors: Saarela Ville , Falck Aura , Tuulonen Anja
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the correlation of the change in glaucoma probability score (GPS) and the stereometric optic nerve head (ONH) parameters of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT)3 to an event of glaucomatous progression observed with stereoscopic ONH photography.

Methods

The subjects for this retrospective follow-up study were monitored with the HRT and stereoscopic ONH photographs. Stable, high-quality imaging and at least 18 months of follow-up was required. The topography examinations were acquired using HRT II and calculated with HRT3 software. The event of progression was determined by masked evaluation of stereoscopic ONH photographs.

Results

A total of 476 eyes of 342 subjects met the inclusion criteria. All the examinations with HRT II were backwards compatible with either the GPS or the stereometric parameters of HRT3. The highest statistical significance for the correlation with progression was observed in the change in cup volume and cup:disc area ratio (p<0.0005). The vertical cup:disc ratio was the parameter with the largest area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC = 0.696). The AUC calculated for the change in GPS was 0.541. The GPS showed no statistically significant correlation with progression (p = 0.213).

Conclusions

Detecting an event of glaucomatous progression should not be based solely on the change in GPS or the stereometric parameters of the HRT. The good backwards compatibility between HRT II and HRT3 should allow the detection of a trend of glaucomatous progression even when changing from HRT II to HRT3 during the follow-up of glaucoma.
Photoreceptor Layer Changes Overlying Drusen in Eyes with Age-Related Macular Degeneration Associated with Vitreomacular Traction
Authors: Theodossiadis Panagiotis G. , Theodoropoulou Sofia , Stamatiou Polixeni , Datseris Ioannis , Theodossiadis George P.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To investigate by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) changes of photoreceptor layers over drusen in cases of dry type age-related macular degeneration associated with vitreomacular traction (VMT).

Methods

Clinical examination, fluorescein angiography, fundus photography, and SD-OCT data were retrospectively studied for a consecutive series of 27 patients with drusen, pseudodrusen, and VMT. Control groups of 32 patients with VMT without drusen and 34 patients with drusen and pseudodrusen without VMT were also studied.

Results

The examination revealed disruption of the line corresponding to the inner segment ellipsoid (ISel), previously called inner segment/outer segment junction, of photoreceptor layer, and development of cystoid edema in significantly higher incidence in VMT associated with drusen group. 22 out of 32 eyes with VMT and drusen (68.75%) had disrupted ISel, compared to 8 out of 37 (21.6%) control eyes with drusen only and to 12 out of 37 (32.4%) control eyes with VMT only. Chi-square analysis showed significant association between drusen and pseudodrusen on fovea, VMT, and localization of ISel disruption. The changes of the ISel were mainly found in the area that corresponded to VMT. The SD-OCT revealed drusen throughout the macula and discontinuation of ISel only in the fovea in 4 of 32 (12.5%) eyes with VMT, whereas none of 37 control eyes with drusen only had similar appearance.

Conclusions

The drusen in association with the cystoid macular edema induced by vitreous traction contribute to the photoreceptor layer defect overlying drusen in the fovea. In addition, the number of drusen and pseudodrusen was increased in the area of the vitreous traction compared to the peripheral retina.
Target Refraction for Best Uncorrected Distance and near Vision in Cataract Surgery
Authors: Schuster Alexander K. , Schlichtenbrede Frank C. , Harder Björn C. , Beutelspacher Sven C. , Jonas Jost B.
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To assess the target refractive error after cataract surgery to achieve best uncorrected visual acuity for both distance vision and reading vision.

Methods

The study included patients consecutively undergoing routine phacoemulsification with clear corneal incisions and implantation of a foldable monofocal intraocular lens (IOL). Uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), best-corrected distance visual acuity (BCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA,) and best-corrected near visual acuity were measured at 93 ± 47 days (minimum 4 weeks) after surgery. Inclusion criteria were a postoperative cylindrical refractive error ≤1.5 D and an unremarkable postoperative status.

Results

The study included 493 eyes of 493 patients with a mean age of 74.2 ± 8.7 years and mean axial length 23.4 ± 1.1 mm. The UCDVA significantly (p<0.001) increased with decreasing myopic refractive error (spherical equivalent) towards emmetropia and then significantly (p<0.001) decreased with increasing hyperopic refractive error. The UCNVA significantly (p<0.001) decreased with decreasing myopic and increasing hyperopic refractive error. The ascending UCDVA line and the descending UCNVA line intersected in the refractive error range (spherical equivalent) of −1.00 D to −1.50 D. For patients with a BCDVA of ≥20/25, the lines of UCDVA and UCNVA intersected at a UCDVA range between 20/40 (logMAR 0.30; −1.5 D) and 20/32 (logMAR 0.26; −1.0 D) and at a UCNVA range between Jaeger 3 (logMAR 0.26) and Jaeger 4 (logMAR 0.32).

Conclusions

For routine unilateral cataract surgery with implantation of monofocal IOLs, target refractive error to achieve best uncorrected distance and near vision was in the range of −1.00 D to −1.50 D (spherical equivalent).
Antonio Scarpa (1752-1832): Father of Italian Ophthalmology
Authors: Grzybowski Andrzej
Published: June 2014

Antonio Scarpa (1752-1832) was a prominent scholar who contributed greatly to otolaryngology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, neuroanatomy, and surgery. In 1801, he published a textbook on ophthalmology, the first Italian textbook on this subject and the most propagated European ophthalmic textbook in the first half of the 19th century. The book included important descriptions of lacrimal system disorders, many oculoplastic procedures, and the first description of posterior staphyloma.
The Influence of Retinal Blood Flow on Open-angle Glaucoma in Patients with and without Diabetes
Authors: Lee Eric , Harris Alon , Siesky Brent , Schaab Tara , McIntyre Nathaniel , Tobe Leslie Abrams , Ling John
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of retinal blood flow on optic nerve head (ONH) morphology in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) with and without diabetes mellitus (DM).

Methods

A total of 66 patients with OAG (14 with DM, 52 without DM) were assessed at baseline and 3-year follow-up for retinal capillary blood flow using confocal scanning laser Doppler and ocular structure using Heidelberg retinal tomography and optical coherence tomography.

Results

Change in retinal tissue with zero blood flow in the superior and inferior retina was found to have a strong correlation with ONH changes in diabetic patients (r≥0.90, p≤0.03); however, no relation was found in the nondiabetic cohort. There were also significant changes in inferior mean flow that strongly correlated with changes in cup area (r = 0.97, p = 0.0029), cup/disc area ratio (r = 0.96, p = 0.0070), linear cup/disc ratio (r = 0.93, p = 0.0172), rim area (r = −0.97, p = 0.0036), and rim volume (r = −0.95, p = 0.0084) in diabetic patients only, while changes in the superior mean flow were only significantly associated with cup area (r = −0.30, p = 0.0498), cup volume (r = −0.36, p = 0.0178), and rim volume (r = 0.35, p = 0.0193) in nondiabetic patients.

Conclusions

In this cohort of patients with OAG, changes in retinal capillary blood flow correlated more strongly with changes in ONH morphology in patients with DM than in those without DM. These data suggest that changes in retinal blood flow may play a larger role in glaucomatous ONH progression in patients with OAG with DM.
On-line Pachymetry Outcome of Ablation in Aberration Free Mode TransPRK
Authors: Adib-Moghaddam Soheil , Arba-Mosquera Samuel , Salmanian Bahram , Omidvari Amir-Houshang , Noorizadeh Farsad
Published: June 2014

Purpose

There are many independent factors that influence the outcome of refractive surgeries, consisting of patient characteristics and environmental factors. We studied the accuracy of central ablation depth compared to online pachymetry results.

Methods

A total of 153 eyes that underwent TransPRK at Bina Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were evaluated from November 2010 to January 2012 in a retrospective cross-sectional study. The relevant data were registered and bivariate correlations and linear regression association were investigated statistically.

Results

The mean age was 29 ± 5 years. Distribution of refractive errors was as follows: compound myopic astigmatism 123 (80.4%), simple myopia 24 (15.7%), and mixed astigmatism 6 (3.9%). Mean ambient temperature and humidity levels intraoperatively were 23.49 ± 1.16°C and 28.91 ± 6.16%, respectively. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the preassumed central ablation depth (131.68 ± 32.72 μm) and the net level of ablation depth (measured by online pachymetry, 168.04 ± 41.47 μm). Temperature and humidity levels were not in any statistically significant correlation with the net amount of difference found. The backward linear regression was done to reveal the association between ablation depth and several variables.

Conclusions

This study showed that there is deviation in optical coherence pachymetry online measurements done with SCHWIND AMARIS laser. Ambient temperature and humidity levels intraoperatively do not influence the outcome. However, basic structural characteristics of patients along with change in refractive index and corneal shrinkage because of corneal dehydration are associated with the differences.
An Innovative Intrastromal Keratoprosthesis Surgery Assisted by Femtosecond Laser
Authors: Alio Jorge L. , Abbouda Alessandro , Vega-Estrada Alfredo
Published: June 2014

Purpose

To demonstrate the surgical application of a new model of epidescemetic keratoprosthesis.

Methods

A 53-year-old man was referred to our center with severe alkali burns in both eyes and was treated by a combined corneal graft associated with KeraKlear implantation assisted by femtosecond laser and cataract surgery with implantation of an intraocular lens.

Results

After 1 month, visual acuity was 0.6 logMAR in both eyes with −2 sphere correction. Slit-lamp examination and anterior segment optical coherence tomography revealed that the device was centered in the pupil area with no infection. No sign of extrusion was detected.

Conclusions

The advantage of this device is that it involves nonperforating surgery, thus reducing the postoperative risk of infection and necrosis of tissue around the prosthesis. Large-scale studies with a long follow-up period are required to evaluate the outcome of use of this device.
Urinary calculi and infection
Authors: Trinchieri Alberto
Published: June 2014

Infection urinary stones resulting from urease-producing bacteria are composed by struvite and/or carbonate apatite. Bacterial urease splits urea and promotes the formation of ammonia and carbon dioxide leading to urine alkalinization and formation of phosphate salts. Proteus species are urease-producers, whereas a limited number of strains of other Gram negative and positive species may produce urease. Ureaplasma urealyticum and Corynebacterium urealyticum are urease-producers that are not isolated by conventional urine cultures, but require specific tests for identification. Primary treatment requires surgical removal of stones as complete as possible. Extracorporeal and endoscopic treatments are usually preferred, while open surgery is actually limited to few selected cases. Residual stones or fragments should be treated by chemolysis via ureteral catheter or nephrostomy or administration of citrate salts in order to achieve a stone-free renal unit. Postoperatively, recurrent urinary tract infection should be treated with appropriate antibiotic treatment although long-term antibiotic prophylaxis can cause resistance. Urinary acidification has been proposed for the prophylaxis of infection stones, but long-term acidification is difficult to achieve in urine infected by urease-producing bacteria. Urease inhibitors lead to prevention and/or dissolution of stones and encrustations in patients with infection by urea-splitting bacteria, but their use is limited by their toxicity. The administration of citrate salts involves an increase of the value of nucleation pH (pHn), that is the pH value at which calcium and magnesium phosphate crystallization occurs, in a greater way than the corresponding increase in the urinary pH due to its alkalinizing effect and resulting in a reduction of the risk of struvite crystallization. In conclusion prevention of the recurrence of infection stones can be achieved by an integrated approach tailored on the single patient. Complete clearance of the stone must be achieved by primary surgical procedure and residual fragments should be extensively treated. In the case of persistent infection, conservative measures, such as acidification and urease inhibitors or citrate administration, should be adopted to minimize its effect on urinary saturation with respect to struvite.
Influence of hay quality and pasture location on performance of beef cattle grazing oats
Authors: Arelovich H.M. , Laborde H.E. , Arzadun M.J. , Vásquez M.G.
Published: June 2014

Heifers grazing oat pasture (OP) at two locations in Argentina, Argerich (ARG) and Pasman (PAS), were subjected to one of three different dietary supplement treatments: (1) control (CON, no supplement), (2) sorghum hay (SH), or (3) alfalfa-grass hay (AGH), all provided ad libitum in individual pens. The variables measured were: dry matter (DM) yield and composition of OP, hay intake, average daily weight gain (ADG), rumen pH and NH3-N, and blood mineral levels. DM availability did not limit OP intake. OP crude protein (CP) content ranged from 11.3 to 13% at ARG, and 10.7 to 13.3% at PAS. OP-minerals varied with location; the mean K/(Ca +Mg) ratios were 5.68 meq (ARG) and 4.82 meq (PAS). Heifers ate more AGH (785 g) than SH (684 g; P = 0.08). Hay consumption was 2.88 times greater at PAS than at ARG (P < 0.05). ADG was larger with SH (558 g) and AGH 594 g than with CON treatment (454 g); the average for ARG animals was 571 g compared to 500 g for PAS animals (P
Ability of frozen-thawed ram spermatozoa to bind to vitrified homologous oocytes
Authors: Marco-Jimenez F. , Vicente J.
Published: June 2014

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of ram spermatozoa (thawed or thawed swim-up selected) to bind to homologous oocytes subjected to different treatments (in vitro matured or immature, fresh or vitrified). Frozen semen from Guirra breed males was tested on 1,267 oocytes harvested from pre-pubertal ewes at an abattoir. Highest proportions of oocytes with bound spermatozoa were recorded when in vitro matured oocytes, whether fresh or vitrified, were coincubated with thawed spermatozoa separated by swim-up (60.8 and 56.8% for fresh and vitrified matured oocytes, versus 9.4 and 11.1% for fresh and vitrified immature oocytes, respectively, p < 0.05). The number of bound spermatozoa per oocyte was also significantly higher for the swim-up selected spermatozoa than the thawed untreated spermatozoa (3.2 +/- 0.5 vs 1.6 +/- 0.7, p < 0.05, respectively), and higher still when fresh in vitro matured oocytes were used (8.3 +/- 0.5).
Review. Impact of grazing on plant communities in forestry areas
Authors: Torrano L. , Valderrábano J.
Published: June 2014

The depopulation of mountainous areas and the accompanying reduction in livestock that has traditionally grazed on the spontaneous vegetation of these areas, has led to the uncontrolled growth of shrubs and a significant increase in the risk of fire due to the increased availability of combustible fuel. The reintroduction of extensive grazing may be a viable way of ensuring a sustainable ecosystem compatible with the economic and social life of these areas. Modifications to native plant communities as a result of grazing, however, may lead to directional changes in their structure and composition. Thus, knowledge of animal-plant relationships is essential if foresters are to make appropriate management decisions. Current knowledge of these animal-plant interactions is here reviewed, with special attention paid to tolerance mechanisms, the effects of grazing and plant community dynamics.
Impact of salinity on macro- and micronutrients uptake in mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Osteen) with different rootstocks
Authors: Duran Zuazo V.H. , Martinez Raya A. , Aguilar Ruiz J. , Franco Tarifa D.
Published: June 2014

Two mango (Mangifera indica L.) rootstocks Gomera-1 and Gomera-3, grafted with the scion Osteen, were irrigated at four different NaCl concentrations measured by electrical conductivity (1.02, 1.50, 2.00 and 2.50 dS m-1). The aim was to determine the impact of salinity on macro- and micronutrient uptake. The nutrient imbalances from the effect of salinity on nutrient uptake, availability and partitioning within the plant resulted in less injurious with Gomera-1. Thus, the results corroborated the higher capability of Gomera-1 respect to Gomera-3 rootstocks to better adapt to saline conditions. The saline irrigation in leaves significantly raised the concentration of P, Ca, Fe, Zn and Mn, and lowered the Mg of both rootstocks, tending to decrease the N, and increase K and Cu. In the stem the values for N, Ca, Mg and Cu significantly augmented, whereas Zn tended to decrease. The root system registered a significant decrease of P, K and Mg and increase of N, Fe, Mn and Cu, while the fibrous root tended to concentrate most nutrients with more intensity than did the main root. With Gomera-1 the micronutrient concentrations in roots was higher than Gomera-3 in response to rising NaCl concentration.
A Comparison of the Greenhouse Gas Emissions From the Sheep Industry With Beef Production in Canada
Authors: Dyer James A , Verge Xavier P. C. , Desjardins Raymond L. , Worth Devon E.
Published: June 2014

Sheep production in Canada is a small industry in comparison to other livestock systems. Because of the potential for expansion of the sheep industry in Canada, the GHG emissions budget of this industry was assessed in this paper. The GHG emissions from Canadian lamb production were compared with those from the Canadian beef industry using the ULICEES model. The GHG emission intensity of the Canadian lamb industry was 21% higher than lamb production in France and Wales, and 27% higher than northern England. Enteric methane accounts for more than half of the GHG emissions from sheep in Canada. The protein based GHG emission intensity is 60% to 90% higher for sheep than for beef cattle in Canada. The GHG emission intensity for sheep in Eastern Canada is higher than for sheep in Western Canada. Protein based GHG emission intensity is more sensitive to the difference between sheep and beef than LW based emission intensity. This paper demonstrated that protein based GHG emission intensity is a more meaningful indicator for comparing different livestock species than live weight (LW) based GHG emission intensity.
Distribution of Antibodies to Selected Antigens of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Children and Young Adults with Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Gaweł Józef , Pogorzelski Andrzej , Działek-Smętek Ewa , Sochań Beata , Ligarska Renata , Łącka Maria , Mazurek Henryk
Published: June 2014

Introduction: Eradication of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P.a.) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) is possible if it is initiated in the early course of infection. Therefore, the detection of P.a. as early as possible is an important goal of care. Regular determination of antibodies to P.a. antigens in serum may be useful in patients who have not yet been infected or were infected intermittently. The aim of the present study was to assess the concentrations of antibodies to selected antigens of P. aeruginosa in the serum of children with CF and with known status of P.a. infection. Material and Methods: The study was performed in 111 CF patients (27 not infected with P. aeruginosa, 29 with intermittent infection and 55 with chronic infection). The concentrations of IgG antibodies to the alkaline protease (AP), elastase (ELA) and exotoxin A (Exo-A) were measured. The increased concentration of antibodies was defined as exceeding 500 units (according to the manufacturer). The results of antibodies assessment were analysed according to previous infection status and the results of present culture. Results: At the time of the study, P.a. was cultured from sputum of 57 patients: 9 out of 29 (31%) with intermittent infection, and 48 out of 55 (87%) with chronic infection. Increased concentrations of antibodies to one or more P.a. antigens were found in 60 patients, and to all three types of antigens in 30 patients. Increased serum antibody concentration was found significantly more often in the patients with chronic P.a. infection compared to those with intermittent infection (82% vs. 35%, p = 0.0001). In the patients with chronic P.a. infection (especially with mucoid type), serum antibody concentrations were significantly higher than in other patients. Higher concentrations of antibodies were also found in the patients with positive result of P.a. culture at the time of the study, compared to those with negative culture. In 19% of patients not infected with P.a., increased serum antibodies to at least one P.a. antigen were found. The clinical significance of such findings is unclear and needs further investigation. Conclusions: In the present study, the increased serum concentrations of IgG antibodies to P. aeruginosa antigens (AP, ELA and Exo-A) were found most often in the patients with chronic P.a. infection and in those in whom P.a. (especially mucoid type) was cultured at the time of the study. The clinical significance of the elevated antipseudomonal antibodies level in 19% of the patients never infected with P.a. is unclear and needs further investigation.
The Quality of Life of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy
Authors: Karczmarek-Borowska Bożenna , Pelc Maria , Rabiej Ewa , Grądalska-Lampart Monika
Published: June 2014

Introduction: The aim of the study was to assess the influence of non-small cell lung cancer chemotherapy on patients’ health status, the occurrence of adverse events and their effect on everyday activities, depending on the patients’ sex and age. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 62 non-small cell lung cancer patients, (21 women and 41 men), aged 51–84 years, hospitalised due to the chemotherapy. The survey included SF-20 test and a questionnaire prepared by the authors. Results: The most frequent adverse events indicated by the patients were: weakness (79%), nausea and vomiting (77%), loss of appetite (56%) and diarrhoea (45%). It was found that the side-effects of chemotherapy were not dependent on age (p = 0.9882) or sex (p = 0.9968). The chemotherapy negatively influenced the quality of the patients’ life (p < 0.000001). It was shown that there is a statistically significant correlation between age and limitations on social roles, professional life and performing housework (p < 0.0133), and also the inability to perform specific types of activities (p < 0.01). Conclusions: The results of the study show that chemotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer was connected with decreased quality of life, especially in patients over 65 years of age. The patients under 65 years of age could not deal with the disease in respect of psychological aspects, whereas people over 65 years of age had greater problems with physical, social and professional functioning.
Long-Distance Caring Labor
Authors: Spicer Rob ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: June 2014

This article is an exploration of Apple’s iPhone 4 as both a technology and an object of marketing. This analysis looks at the FaceTime app and how its marketing created a visual hand-phone-face Deleuzian assemblage while playing on affective connections of parenthood and long-distance caring labor. This is connected to the ways in which mobile telephony creates divided attention between home and labor and the mobile phone and car while driving. This analysis is especially concerned with technological transparency and how it creates divided attention in the home and in the car.
Entre nationalisme et socialisme : Raoul Roy (1914-1996) et les origines d’un premier indépendantisme socialiste au Québec, 1935-1965
Authors: Lapointe Mathieu
Published: June 2014

Contribution à une histoire approfondie des débuts de l’indépendantisme, cet article présente l’étonnant parcours idéologique de Raoul Roy (1914-1996), fondateur des deux premières institutions de l’indépendantisme de gauche, La Revue socialiste (1959-1965) et l'Action socialiste pour l’indépendance du Québec (ASIQ, 1960-C.1963). Jeune autodidacte campagnard ballotté par la Crise, Roy se dit « séparatiste » à la fin des années 1930 et prône le fascisme comme moyen de libération des Canadiens français, tout en étant attiré par le communisme. Militant après la Deuxième Guerre mondiale dans le mouvement communiste (Parti ouvrier-progressiste) sans nécessairement avoir à renier son nationalisme, il fondera à la fin des années 1950 l’indépendantisme de gauche en élaborant une première version de l’indépendantisme socialiste de décolonisation, dans laquelle le nationalisme prime nettement le socialisme.
De la rue de Rome au Canada français : influences ou transferts ?
Authors: Dard Olivier
Published: June 2014

Cette contribution s’emploie d’abord à définir ce qu’il faut entendre par maurrassisme en partant du cœur de son expression, la France. En second lieu, il s’agit, en remettant le Canada français en perspective (à travers une comparaison avec la Belgique), de s’interroger sur le degré de pénétration du maurrassisme comme sur sa nature en se demandant si l’on est en présence d’influences ou de transferts culturels et politiques. Enfin, nous montrerons que la vision du Canada français de Charles Maurras et de quelques maurrassiens français est bien davantage conditionnée par leur vision de la France que par un effort d’analyse sur le Canada français lui-même.
D'une société de secours mutuel locale à une société fraternelle nationale : la transformation du projet social de l’Union Saint-Joseph d’Ottawa (1863-1905)
Authors: Labbé Pierrick
Published: June 2014

Cet article examine la transformation de la mutualité canadienne-française à la fin du xixe siècle en analysant le cas de l’Union Saint-Joseph d’Ottawa. Elle fut l’une des rares sociétés de secours mutuel de première génération à adapter sa structure et son projet social pour se conformer au courant mutualiste émergent et, ainsi, se transformer en une société fraternelle. L’exemple nous montre que la lutte pour la survivance dans les milieux de migration facilitait cette transition du modèle mutualiste et justifiait la redéfinition des objectifs par une petite élite au nom d’un idéal national. Le besoin d’assurer des bases institutionnelles solides pour les Canadiens français de l’Ontario légitimait cette transformation de l’Union Saint-Joseph, qui devint une grande société fraternelle vouée à la défense des intérêts économiques des Canadiens français, grâce à l’établissement de succursales dans plus de six cents communautés canadiennes-françaises du Canada et des États-Unis.
Incursion personnaliste chez les thomistes canadiens-français des années 1930 et 1940 : l’exemple de François Hertel
Authors: Martin-Hubbard Marie
Published: June 2014

François Hertel, à l’image des élites canadiennes-françaises de l’époque, est thomiste dans les années trente. La restauration de la doctrine philosophique et religieuse de Thomas d’Aquin a profondément marqué le catholicisme québécois; mais en dépit des apparences, le thomisme n’est pas monolithique au Canada français dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Des différences d’interprétation de Thomas d’Aquin engendrent des conceptions de l’homme et de sa fin appelées à s’opposer. Hertel, par son discours même, incarne ces tensions; malgré sa facture thomiste, Pour un ordre personnaliste (1942), le deuxième essai de l’écrivain, embrasse un personnalisme qui incite les uns et les autres à se prononcer sur le bien-fondé d’une distinction entre l’individu et la personne.
Le ciel aux enfers. L’hétérodoxie religieuse au Séminaire de Québec du XVIIe au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Drouin Sébastien , Tran Lan
Published: June 2014

Trop longtemps, l’érudition européenne en Nouvelle-France fut délaissée par l’historiographie québécoise. Même si quelques études ont tracé le profil sommaire des diverses bibliothèques qui constituent le fonds ancien du Séminaire de Québec, « l’Enfer » de cette institution demeure méconnu. C’est à ce titre qu’on se propose de mettre en lumière un aspect déterminant de l’histoire du livre sous le régime français en interrogeant la présence de littérature janséniste et protestante dans ce fonds précis. En proposant une histoire théologique du livre ancien aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, cette étude porte attention à l’écho des polémiques faisant rage en Europe afin de vérifier, entre autres choses, si la présence d’hétérodoxies religieuses dans la colonie tient du fait ou de la fable.
Les Canadiens français, l’histoire et la démocratie : l’interprétation de Pierre Elliott Trudeau
Authors: Ouellette Mélanie
Published: June 2014

Pierre Trudeau s’emploie à dresser, au cours de la décennie 1950, un portrait fort critique de l’état de la démocratie au Canada français. À son avis, le peuple canadien-français a, de tout temps, fait de la démocratie une tactique, plutôt qu’un instrument privilégié de développement social. D’où, pour l’auteur, une tendance marquée chez les francophones à l’immoralisme social et politique, à la corruption et aux manigances électorales. Parce qu’ils ont en quelque sorte hérité du régime démocratique, qu’ils n’ont pas eu à combattre pour celui-ci, les Canadiens français n’ont jamais pu véritablement l’assimiler. Ils ont plutôt perverti le système, aidés en ce sens tantôt par le conquérant anglais, bien décidé à profiter de cette méconnaissance démontrée par la minorité vaincue, tantôt par l’Église catholique, pour qui la démocratie allait de pair avec socialisme, révolution, athéisme... Pour Trudeau, le temps est venu, à la fin des années 1950, de jeter aux orties ces anciens préjugés, pour enfin accueillir un régime véritablement démocratique, libéré de l’influence néfaste de ses détracteurs.
Une figure du catholicisme social canadien-français de l’entre-deux-guerres : le père Joseph-Papin Archambault, s.j.
Authors: Boily Frédéric
Published: June 2014

Le père Joseph-Papin Archambault, s.j. (1880-1966) est avant tout un homme d’action qui s’implique dans de nombreux mouvements comme l’École sociale populaire, dont il est le directeur de 1929 à 1959. Figure centrale du catholicisme social, le père Archambault, un Jésuite, a une conception « offensive » du catholicisme. S’inspirant des encycliques papales, il mène une lutte acharnée contre la doctrine communiste, mais aussi contre le libéralisme et l’individualisme. Ces derniers sont accusés d’avoir plongé la société des années trente dans une grave crise qui serait morale avant d’être économique. Pour la surmonter, Archambault propose une réforme spirituelle, laquelle devrait conduire à celle des institutions ainsi qu’à l’établissement du corporatisme. Enfin, il croit à l’indissolubilité du lien entre le catholicisme et le nationalisme.
Harry Bernard (1898-1979) : érudit et homme de lettres
Authors: Gaudreau Guy , Tremblay Micheline
Published: June 2014

Cet article trace la biographie du journaliste Harry Bernard (1898-1979). À partir du dépouillement de sa volumineuse correspondance, déposée à la Bibliothèque nationale du Québec, et des nombreux articles qu’il publia au cours de sa carrière au Droit et au Courrier de Saint-Hyacinthe, le portrait esquissé dévoile un itinéraire professionnel complexe où se juxtaposent des écrits de toutes sortes. Sa biographie constitue une contribution originale à l’étude de l’évolution des idées au Canada français entre 1920 et 1960. Aujourd’hui totalement oublié — sauf de quelques historiens littéraires —, Harry Bernard reste toutefois un important érudit et homme de lettres de son époque.
L’aventure artistique du peintre de Saint-Denys Garneau
Authors: Huot Giselle
Published: June 2014

De Saint-Denys Garneau (1912-1943) a voulu originellement déployer son œuvre en un diptyque littéraire et pictural. Nous tentons une reconstitution de l’aventure du peintre, de l’éclosion de son désir, en passant par ses études de dessin à l’École des beaux-arts de Montréal (1924-1927) où il côtoie les Palardy, Jori Smith, Borduas et Lemieux. Il retrouve les trois derniers à l’atelier de Holgate où il s’exerce à l’art du nu (1932). Il s’astreint à une formation personnelle — puisque la quête artistique est basée sur la quête ontologique et sur la culture générale — et ambitionne d’être le premier à « renouveler l’art du paysage » et aussi de participer à un mouvement de renaissance artistique en son pays. Il se lie plus tard avec d’autres peintres dont Muhlstock et Lyman et des critiques d’art. Puis, vient l’abandon de la peinture qui suit celle de l’écriture (1937). Sa quête artistique se mue ou encore est englobée dans une aventure spirituelle et religieuse qui a préséance jusqu’à la fin de sa vie. S’il n’a pas eu le temps de développer un style propre contrairement aux autres peintres de sa connaissance, son œuvre picturale n’est pas sans mérite. Parallèlement à l’œuvre du peintre exposée à plusieurs reprises depuis 1993 et reproduite dans deux albums (1993 et 2001) qui illustre surtout le paysagiste, d’autres œuvres sont encore inconnues du public, dont une série de fusains produits aux Beaux-Arts et de nus à l’atelier de Holgate ainsi que des portraits, par celui dont Jean-Paul Lemieux se remémorant sa jeunesse en 1967 rappelle qu’il « dessinait très bien ».
Les Éditions Mille Roches (1976-1989) : une mission régionale
Authors: Béland Caroline
Published: June 2014

Le présent article fait connaître un éditeur situé dans le Haut-Richelieu qui a revêtu une grande importance pour sa région sur les plans culturel, historique et littéraire, les Éditions Mille Roches. De par son historique, son fonctionnement ainsi que sa politique éditoriale, la maison d’édition a toujours privilégié les ressources régionales dans le but de faire connaître et progresser le Haut-Richelieu. Bénéficiant de bon nombre d’appuis locaux, la publication de plusieurs titres a permis de créer un patrimoine littéraire et culturel qui, jusque-là, était inexistant dans cette région. Pendant ses treize années d’existence, l’éditeur a su utiliser toutes les ressources de sa région afin de publier des titres de qualité qui étaient fort susceptibles d’intéresser sa population. D’un autre côté, de nombreux acteurs ont participé à la mission régionale de l’éditeur, bâtissant ainsi un sentiment d’appartenance qui ne s’est jamais démenti tout au long de l’existence de la maison.
La représentation du régime hitlérien par La Patrie de Montréal (1933-1939)
Authors: Poirier Patrick
Published: June 2014

Les éditorialistes de La Patrie, un quotidien montréalais, adoptent une position généralement tiède à l’égard du régime nazi dans les premiers temps du IIIe Reich. Par contre, à partir de 1938, leur position se radicalise, leur discours devient hostile. L’anticatholicisme et le paganisme du régime hitlérien justifient alors la représentation diabolique de Hitler et du régime. Cette prise de position des éditorialistes est influencée, d’une part, par l’intensification des crises internationales et la menace d’une guerre et, d’autre part, par la prise de position officielle du pape Pie XI à partir de 1937. Nous avons repéré, dans le discours des éditorialistes, un amalgame de valeurs traditionnelles et libérales. La vision du monde des éditorialistes de La Patrie nous indique que les valeurs traditionnelles sont encore influentes dans les années 1930 mais qu’elles ont été adaptées par l’intégration de valeurs libérales et de traits caractéristiques de la modernité dans une conception morale de la civilisation.
Sur l’historiographie de la télévision au Québec et le pesant récit de la Révolution tranquille
Authors: Demers Frédéric
Published: June 2014

Les historiens québécois entretiennent une attitude contradictoire face à l’arrivée de la télévision dans la province en 1952. Présentant cet événement comme un tournant dans le passage du Québec à la modernité, ils n’y consacrent pourtant aucun effort de recherche soutenu et se contentent de répéter, d’une synthèse à l’autre, les mêmes généralités à son sujet. De manière isolée, quelques chercheurs ont toutefois proposé des pistes de réflexion et fourni certaines clefs pour mieux comprendre et évaluer la signification historique de ce phénomène. Il serait pertinent que la communauté historienne y fasse écho, quoique cela impliquerait peut-être de réévaluer de fond en comble le récit hégémonique de la Révolution tranquille et de la naissance du Québec moderne.
Bacteria spring a surprise
Authors: Srinivasan Ramanujam , Balasubramanian Mohan K
Published: June 2014

Elastic forces within DNA drive the segregation of chromosomes in bacteria.
Unearthing the secrets of ancient immature insects
Authors: Peñalver Enrique , Pérez-de la Fuente Ricardo
Published: June 2014

Jurassic fossils of a bizarre fly larva that lived in water as a blood-sucking parasite highlight how much can be learnt from the study of the fossils of immature insects.
Variability of alkalinity and the alkalinity‐salinity relationship in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean
Authors: Jiang Zong‐Pei , Tyrrell Toby , Hydes David J. , Dai Minhan , Hartman Susan E.
Published: June 2014

The variability of total alkalinity (TA) and its relationship with salinity in the tropical and subtropical surface ocean were examined using data collected in various marine environments from a ship of opportunity. In the open ocean regions of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian Oceans, sea surface TA variability was observed to be mainly controlled by the simple dilution or concentration (SDC) effect of precipitation and evaporation, and the measured concentrations of TA agreed well with those predicted from salinity and temperature. Non‐SDC changes in alkalinity in ocean margins and inland seas were examined by comparing the salinity‐normalized alkalinity with that of the open ocean end‐member. Non‐SDC alkalinity additions to the western North Atlantic margin, eastern North Pacific margin, and Mediterranean Sea were identified, which mainly resulted from river inputs and shelf currents. In contrast, removal of TA through formation and sedimentation of calcium carbonate was observed to be an important control in the Red Sea. The concentration of the river end‐member can only be reliably derived from the y intercept of TA‐S regression (TAS0) in river‐dominated systems such as estuaries and river plumes. In coastal regions where other processes (evaporation, shelf currents, upwelling, calcification, etc.) are more influential, TAS0 can significantly deviate from the river water concentration and hence be an unreliable indicator of it. Negative values of TAS0 can result from non‐SDC TA removal at the low salinity end (relative to the salinity of the oceanic end‐member) and/or non‐SDC TA addition at high salinities (as occurs in the Mediterranean Sea).