bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive Strategies of Enterprises in the Digital Environment
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Zinchenko O. A.
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at substantiating the basics of adaptive control in the digital environment. The author puts forward and verifies a thesis on the necessity to develop adaptive strategic management amid the digital transformation of business on the basis of agile principles, which allow the most complete implementation of the customer-oriented approach. The author defines the adaptive strategy in the digital environment as a model of the company's adaptation to the digitalization of its interaction with customers, partners, competitors and other contact audiences. It has been suggested and proven that adaptive strategies are competitive in nature. Based on this hypothesis, adaptive strategies are systematized by the degree of their relevance in the digital environment. Strategies of cost optimization, differentiation, and focusing with reference to business digitalization are considered. The adaptive toolkit of these strategies is expanded by using more flexible methods and approaches. It is proved that the strategy of cost optimization is implemented thanks to such tools as business automation models, virtual product chains, combining real and virtual content of production processes (Building Information Model, blockchain technologies), and smart working model. A company can effectively differentiate its products and services by the digitalization of the existing products and services and the creation of new ones, convergence of consumer expectations based on SMAC (Social, Mobility, Analytics, Cloud) technologies, and through the omnichannel service of different customer groups. It is established that thanks to digital marketing and such technologies as authentic interaction, content marketing, social media marketing, performance branding, and affiliate marketing a company can strengthen its position in a certain market segment (or niche) and implement a customer-oriented approach. Risk management in the design of adaptive strategies in the digital environment can be seen as a prospect for further research
Cognitive Resources of New Economy
Authors:   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine, Khaustova V. Y. , Doronin A. V. ,   National Aerospace University «Kharkiv Aviation Institue» named after M. Ye. Zhukovskiy, Doronina M. S. ,   Research Centre of Industrial Problems of Development of NAS of Ukraine
Published: October 2021

Global experience shows that society has to be focused on the model of new economy and recommendations of cognitology to improve the reliability of the functioning and development of society. Although many publications partially suggest options for solving this problem, complex analysis of the resources for the development of Ukrainian society still lacks methodological and practical substantiation. Thus, this article is aimed at summarizing the prerequisites for the development of theoretical and practical support for the formation of a social pattern within the new economy alongside with the development and utilization of cognitive resources. The article presents analysis of a) the trend to change social patterns, and b) factors that ensure the switch to using new knowledge that can provide designing and implementing successful reforms of society, as a whole and its economic system, in particular. The article proposes a variant of a collective survey hypothesis: “In a steady growth of the role and value of the latest knowledge in the innovative development of the economy, the cognitive capital of the firm, that is, knowledge of how to produce the latest corporate knowledge becomes a critical factor in providing large-scale and continuous innovations and progressive social and economic development of a country, in general.” Almost all scientists performing research of resources for the development of new economy have determined that it updates knowledge development. Combining provisions of philosophy, psychology and management presented in various research works, we have formed the theoretical basis for studying the cognitive potential of an employee. The necessity of gradual introduction of a research component into the academic activity of higher school is substantiated. The characteristic of each stage is presented as for the following: the purpose of the educational process, the criteria for assessing its results, the peculiarities of student's academic counselling
Model Assessment of the Financial Stability of Travel Industry Entities with Reference to Sustainable Development
Authors:   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Ivanov R. V. , Volkova V. V. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University, Koval O. S. ,   Oles Honchar Dnipro National University
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at describing and testing a methodology for assessing the probability of bankruptcy of an enterprise operating in travel industry. In analyzing the activities of a travel industry entity with reference to sustainable development, attention is focused on indicators of financial stability and one of the main financial risks, i.e., the threat of bankruptcy. Modern methods of discriminant analysis used to determine bankruptcy probability, are analyzed as for the adequacy of their use to assess the activities of travel industry entities, and the specificity of their application is described. The available performance indices of a travel agency are analyzed, whose indicators of bankruptcy probability were defined and interpreted as showing that the financial situation at the travel agency in question was satisfactory as for its sustainable development. It is confirmed that of the most widely used methods estimating bankruptcy probability, Matviychuk's model and a modified Altman model are the most proper ones in assessing travel industry entities. Comparison of the results of their application with the entity classification made on the basis of a more commonly used Beaver coefficient shows a high level of consistency among the discriminant models considered. It is noted that taking into account the specifics of the model application and choosing financial indicators are the key to conducting a qualitative analysis and implementing effective anti-crisis policy at an enterprise with reference to its sustainable development. Further analysis of travel industry entities with reference to sustainable development is planned to be conducted using the concept of dynamic equilibrium of the economic system and its effective development
Dynamics of Motivational Levers Influenced by the Pandemic
Authors:   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman, Vonberg T. V. , Motchana E. M. ,   Kyiv National Economic University named after V. Hetman
Published: October 2021

The article is aimed at analyzing the motivational levers for effective work, which used to be effective before the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and became effective after it. The article substantiates the relevance of studying motivational factors and probable changes in the motivational components of employees that arose in response to the emergence of a new virus and the necessity to profoundly change the usual activity schemes. Having analyzed and summarized the research in the field of motivation and incentives to work effectively, the authors have found out that the issue of changing motivational levers during the pandemic remains greatly unsolved, despite numerous developments. The study makes it possible to draw certain conclusions, namely: the pandemic has clearly affected the employees’ motivation and productivity, but this effect remains rather insignificant. For example, with the beginning of the pandemic, the share of respondents experiencing an average level of satisfaction with their work decreased, while the share of both respondents experiencing the highest level of satisfaction and those who were dissatisfied with their work, increased. Also, with the onset of the pandemic, the share of productive respondents decreased, while the share of respondents showing high and low levels of productivity increased. The study shows that with the onset of a pandemic, stability, comfortable workplace conditions and the prospect of additional income have become more important; at the same time, such factors as competitive wages and career opportunities have gradually begun to lose their leadership in the list of important motivational components for productive work. The survey confirms that over the past year, employees have increasingly begun to value stability and socially responsible attitude demonstrated by employers; and more and more employees have begun to appreciate a company’s attitude to its personnel during the heyday of the pandemic, its willingness to change along with changes in the environment, its readiness to support its personnel and suggest help if need be.
The Impact of Cultural and Translational Studies on Modern Comparative Literature Studies
Authors: Mehrpouyan Azadeh , Zakeri Elahesadat
Published: October 2021

Modern comparative literature with globalization phenomenon extends linguistic and political boundaries, even for conserving and revitalizing languages particularly minor languages with cultural and ethnic exchanges. Such this emergence of comparative literature might return from contemporary translational and cultural studies as crucial and effective factors in the study of comparative literature. The role, relationship, and impact of translation and cultural studies on modern comparative literature are explored via a descriptive analysis. Translational and cultural studies in current comparative literature studies facilitate the relevant studies and they play a supplementary role for literary study.  This study confirms a significant relationship exists among contemporary translational, cultural, and literary works intangibly and inevitably that helps to study comparative literary works. The findings report cultural and translational studies can be fruity informing literary studies, new writing styles besides intercultural conversation; nevertheless, scholars of comparative literature have argued that their discipline has been significantly subsumed and substituted by translation studies. The results indicate contemporary translation and cultural studies have paved the way for comparative literature researchers to achieve cultural knowledge and to strengthen the culture with developing national literature.
A Reflection on the Digitization of Classical Rhetoric for Pedagogical Uses
Authors: Haq Haris
Published: October 2021

In today's world, the traditional means of the dissemination of knowledge have become replaced by advanced digital platforms. This, alongside the context of the global pandemic that has propelled the usage of technological tools in the classroom, has created a conducive environment for innovative pedagogy. In this paper, a case for the digitization of classical rhetorical texts for pedagogical purposes is presented. To do this, principles of digital rhetoric are brought up followed by various examples of how the digital has been embraced (in the context of the wider principles of digital rhetoric) already in the pedagogical sphere. Finally, a potential proposal for an extension of the present work was put forward. Digitization and technology widely are the norms of our day and age. In viewing these elements from a pedagogical perspective, what can be seen is that there is an enormous opportunity not only in teaching the students that will walk through our doors but in preserving the rhetorical tradition that intrigues and fascinates the larger community of scholarship.
Translating The Disaster of Mourice Blanchot Between Ann Smock and Azzedine Chentouf
Authors: Laachiri Soufiane
Published: October 2021

The present article attempts to present a succinct and circumspect comparison between two different translations for Mourice Blanchot’s book « L’écriture du désastre ».The first translation was performed by Ann Smock in 1995 and was from French into English, while the other translation was skillfully produced by Azzedine Chentouf from French into Arabic in 2018. The contrast in attitudes and translational fertilization has provided us with ample opportunities to study, reflect on, and rethink the nexus of  Blanchot’s philosophy from different linguistic perspectives. However, in our attempt to formulate our judgments on the English and Arabic versions of the book, we can judge by an escapable logic and with analytical evidence that the English translation entitled « The writing of the disaster » has intensified the hold of a literal translation that makes the chances of being close to the original meaning of the source text depressingly small. Chentouf’s translation, on the other hand, remains profoundly meaningful; it is capable of going down into the marrow of  Blanchot’s thought to assert understanding of his intellectual complexities. In brief, despite the triviality of the advanced examples, we are certain that Azzedine Chentouf, through his Arabic translation, knows the hard philosophical portrait of Mourice Blanchot in its inclusiveness. Therefore, it is no surprise that every choice he makes in this translation explains his tremendous efforts as a philosopher first before being ranked as a translator.
Kinerja Produksi Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus sp) dengan Ukuran Tebar Berbeda Pada Sistem Akuaponik
Authors: Harianto Eko , Budiardi Tatag
Published: October 2021

Catfish (Clarias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) is a type of freshwater fish that is prospectively cultivated. This study aims to analyze the production performance and economic analysis of catfish on aquaponics technology with floating raft systems. This research was conducted descriptively with two treatments and four replications. The treatments included fish sizes, which were 6-9 cm (A) and 3-4 cm (B). The fish used were fish with an initial weight of 7.13±1.30 g and 4.11±0.43 g, the plant used was water spinach (Ipomoea reptans poir) with an initial height of 8-10 cm. The results showed that there was a trend of increasing fish weight during the study from 7.13±1.30 g and 4.11±0.43 g to 110.02±6.09 g and 86.44±5.00 g at the end of the study. . The survival rate value during the study was 100% for all treatments, the feed conversion value ranged from 1.48-1.59. The highest specific weight growth rate was 1.60%/day. Water spinach production during catfish rearing can be done for 3 harvests. The analysis of the aquaponics business of the floating raft system is very efficient and profitable. The value of R/C ratio > 1 in all treatments means that the cultivation business is said to be feasible. Payback period of 0.57 years (A) and 0.19 years (B), the fastest return on investment is in treatment B. Aquaponics floating raft system with catfish stocking size 3-4 cm for 60 days of maintenance period provides the best production performance with SR value was 60.78%, specific weight growth rate was 0.051%/day, feed conversion was 1.18 and the best kale production was 75 kg. Economically, this research is feasible to do.
ПСИХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ОСОБИСТІСНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ ЖІНОК, ЗАСУДЖЕНИХ ДО ПОЗБАВЛЕННЯ ВОЛІ
Authors: Герасименко О.
Published: October 2021

У статті проаналізовані напрацювання науковців, що розглядали ідентичність, як психологічний та соціальний феномен. Викладені структурні складові особистості жінок, засуджених до позбавлення волі. Описані адаптаційні можливості засуджених жінок та їх взаємозв’язок із структурними складовими особистості. Розглянуто поняття ідентичності, як складного інтегрального соціально-психологічного утворення та як категорії адаптаційних ресурсів особистості.
Peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah terhadap Implementasi Good Corporate Governance di KSPPS Bumi Meranti Wangi
Authors: Ubaidi Abdillah , Sugianto Ahmad , Manan Yuliyanti M.
Published: October 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran Dewan Pengawas Syariah di KSPPS Bumi Meranti Wangi terhadap Implementasi Good Corporate Governance yang diukur dari 5 konsep yaitu Transparency, Accountability, Responsibility, Independency, dan Fairness. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif berupa analisis deskriptif. Di mana data diperoleh melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan informan yang disebut dengan data primer dan data-data dari buku, jurnal, skripsi, dan literatur lainnya yang disebut dengan data sekunder. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa Dewan Pengawas Syariah sudah menjalankan tugas dan fungsinya terhadap implementasi GCG yang diterapkan oleh KSPPS Bumi Meranti Wangi dalam setiap kegiatan operasionalnya, seperti pengawasan terhadap keabsahan transaksi pembiayaan, kepatuhan terhadap syariah dari sisi produk yang berikan ke nasabah, dan juga pengawasan terhadap pembagian bagi hasil yang disalurkan ke nasabah.
Peran Beban Kerja dalam Memoderasi Pengaruh Religiositas Terhadap Keterikatan Kerja
Authors: Ali Nur
Published: October 2021

Berdasarkan teori Job Demand-Resources (JD-R), penelitian ini menguji pengaruh antara religiositas terhadap keterikatan kerja dan peran moderasi beban kerja pada pengaruh religiositas terhadap keterikatan kerja.  Hasil survei terhadap 64 karyawan di PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia, Tbk Kandatel Jombang mengungkapkan bahwa religiositas berpengaruh positif terhadap keterikatan kerja. Temuan penelitian juga menggambarkan pentingnya membedakan antara tuntutan tantangan dan rintangan dalam konteks stres kerja di mana beban kerja mempengaruhi manfaat religiositas terhadap keterikatan kerja.  Studi ini menyoroti penerapan teori JD-R dan memperluas kerangka teoritis dengan memeriksa hubungan antara religiositas dan keterikatan kerja. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada literatur keterikatan kerja dengan memperkenalkan religiositas sebagai sumber daya pribadi yang meningkatkan keterikatan kerja dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan.
Factores psicoambientales que afectan el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios durante el confinamiento obligatorio por COVID-19
Authors: ALVAREZ CANO ANA MILENA , Bonilla-Ariza José , Perea-Castillo María
Published: October 2021

Este proyecto de investigación tiene por objetivo analizar los factores que influyen en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes universitarios de la ciudad de Cali, Valle del Cauca, durante el confinamiento causado por el COVID-19. Para la selección de las variables a estudiar se tomó como referente el modelo adaptativo de la psicología ambiental que explica la relación Estímulos – Organismo - Respuesta. Empleando metodología de enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo concluyente, se recolectaron los datos a través de encuesta aplicada a 463 estudiantes de diferentes universidades de la ciudad de Cali, durante el primer semestre del año 2020. Para la sistematización y análisis de los datos, se presenta el análisis descriptivo de la muestra mediante el uso de frecuencias absolutas y relativas; asimismo, se empleó el test Chi-2 para determinar las posibles relaciones entre diferentes variables sociodemográficas y cualitativas, y el análisis factorial exploratorio mediante el uso del paquete estadístico SPSS V24. Los principales hallazgos permiten confirmar que, aunque los estudiantes encuestados han mantenido su desempeño académico, expresan que su nivel de aprendizaje es inferior por el efecto físico y psicológico que genera el entorno del estudio en casa, la deficiencia en la conectividad y la falta de relacionamiento con otros estudiantes.
Patterns, efficiency and ecosystem effects when fishing Calanus finmarchicus in the Norwegian Sea—using an individual-based model
Authors: Hansen C , Skogen MD , Rong Utne K , Broms C , Strand E , Sætre Hjøllo S
Published: October 2021

Due to the important role ofCalanus finmarchicusas key prey for the abundant pelagic fish stocks (Northeast Atlantic mackerel, Norwegian spring spawning herring, blue whiting) in the Norwegian Sea, an increase in the quota ofC.finmarchicushas raised public concern. Here, 2 vessel types were implemented in an individual-based model within the NORWECOM.E2E ecosystem model, one ordinary vessel similar to the vessels used in the real fishery, the other with perfect knowledge of theC.finmarchicusdistribution to account for possible future development of the fishery. The perfect vessels were free to move among all grid cells, whereas the other vessel type was restricted. Differences between the vessel types were large in terms of catch per unit effort and hotspots for catches. Operating with 10 perfect vessels, the catches were on average 54000 t yr-1, almost 3 times higher than for the ordinary vessels. Increasing to 60 perfect vessels, catches increased to 349000 t yr-1. The vessels with full knowledge of distribution and concentration located new hotspots distant from the traditional fishing grounds. Due to area restrictions in the current quota, allowing only 3000 t caught within the 1000 m depth contour, the perfect vessels shifted their activity offshore. In the simulated ecosystem, no ecosystem effects were found, neither on theC.finmarchicusbiomass nor on the Norwegian spring spawning herring biomass. This finding indicates that the proposed quota ofC.finmarchicussupports a sustainable fishery.
Effect of Joule-Heating Treatment on the Microstructure and Physical Properties of 16-Stranded Compressed Copper Wires
Authors: Choi Jin-Ju , Im Byoungyong , Kang Yubin , Kim Dae-Geun
Published: October 2021

Compressed wires are produced by cross-sectionally compressing stranded conductors, which results in a smaller conductor diameter. This also leads to a lower weight wire, because a thinner external insulated coating can be used, compared to the low-voltage wires typically used in automobiles. However, a post production heat treatment of the compressed wires is required because plastic deformation occurs during compression after drawing the wires. In this study, the work hardening of stranded compressed copper wires was controlled by Joule-heating, and the resulting changes in microstructure, mechanical, and electrical properties after various annealing voltages (0, 25, 27, 31, 35, and 39 V) were observed. The results confirmed that as the annealing voltage increased from 0 to 31 V, the anisotropic deformation texture with a <111> orientation as the main component was reduced, and micrograins were generated throughout the stranded wires via recrystallization. At an annealing voltage above 31 V, the grains grew to be more than twice as large as those before heat treatment. At an annealing voltage of 31 V these structural changes contribute to the elongation increase of the compressed wires to 28.34%, and an improvement in electrical resistance to 145.85 mΩ.
The state of innovative development and further steps towards the neo-economy of Ukraine in the first quarter of the XXI century
Authors: Revutskyi Serhii
Published: October 2021

Revutsky S. The state of innovative development and further steps towards the neo-economy of Ukraine in the first quarter of the XXI century. The article examines the state of innovative development in Ukraine in comparison with world leaders. Comparative analysis of goals, priorities and directions of development and modernization of public policy to achieve the level of neo-economy, which is formed under the influence of the new paradigm of scientific and technological development and technological revolution, which is now observed in many countries. From the above data we see that among the common shortcomings of our economic strategy and development program are: ambiguity and inconsistency of goals, mechanisms and objectives, sources of funding and general backwardness in approaches, which requires the use of European approaches to achieve the goal. Relying only on outdated methods of production and labor, the country loses competitiveness in the world market, lagging behind in technological development due to lack of innovation and research in the necessary areas, while the existing system is uncertain and has no financial or legal basis for efficient operation. When the whole world moves to new technological levels, raising its level to the fifth and sixth levels, our state, without a clear leadership and base, lags behind in innovation. That is why the article substantiates the conceptual principles of strategic development of the state, priorities and mechanisms for using the innovation potential to increase the competitiveness of Ukraine.The article also considers the possibility of implementation European practices for effective management of the implementation of targeted innovation programs, substantiation of software, strengthening of existing and modernization of existing to obtain competitive advantages in the modern world market. Currently, the country has a major lack of a clear line of leadership on innovation. There are a number of small and fragmented programs that operate separately from each other, there is no clear government leadership, which leads to a slowdown in development. Currently, the main goal for Ukraine should be the scientific development of its capabilities, their development and implementation of the knowledge of European colleagues to modernize existing and explore new ways to improve our level of technological structure.Keywords: steps to neo-economy, technological ways, medium-term priorities of innovative development, high technologies
Key messages from the IPCC AR6 climate science report
Authors: Ming Alison , Rowell Isobel , Lewin Sam , Rouse Robert , Aubry Thomas , Boland Emma
Published: October 2021

The United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has published the first part of its sixth assessment report (AR6) which summarises the latest climate science findings and will guide policy in the years ahead. This report is particularly timely, as world leaders prepare to respond to the climate crisis at the UN COP26 climate summit in Glasgow this November. The full AR6 report is an enormous scientific undertaking that assesses the physical science basis for climate change and assembles the findings from over 14,000 peer reviewed publications. The purpose of this briefing document is to provide a succinct summary of the key scientific messages.
Konverter berbasis SEPIC pada modul photovoltaik yang terintegrasi dengan inverter 1 fasa
Authors: Radianto Donny , Herwandi Herwandi , Yulianto Yulianto
Published: October 2021

Sistem pembangkit listrik saat ini telah menarik banyak perhatian baik dari kalangan akademik maupun industri. Hal ini disebabkan karena keuntungan yang ditawarkan, antara lain bersih, dapat merubah menjadi listrik secara langsung, dan tidak menyebabkan polusi. Namun, karena masih adanya ketergantungan terhadap kondisi iklim, demikian seperti irradiant maupun suhu, maka daya dari modul photovoltaik ini perlu dimaksimalkan. Terkait dengan hal ini, paper ini menghadirkan suatu metode untuk melacak daya maksimum dari modul photovoltaik berbasis pada metode perturbation observer yang dimodifikasi. Metode pelacakan ini dibuat untuk menghasilkan modulasi lebar pulsa dengan frekuensi 62.5 KHz yang berfungsi untuk mengatur konverter berbasis SEPIC dengan menerima tegangan masukan dari modul PV serta menghasilkan tegangan keluaran yang dapat digunakan untuk mengisi baterai (accu) yang dapat diintegrasikan untuk menghasilkan tegangan AC melalui inverter. Penggunaan SEPIC sebagai pengkondisi sinyal ini karena memiliki keuntungan dimana tegangan keluaran yang dihasilkan tidak dibalik, seperti pada rangkaian konverter buck – boost. Selanjutnya, pemanfaatan metode perturbation observer yang telah dimodifikasi dan diintegrasikan dengan konverter SEPIC menunjukkan kinerja yang memuaskan. Selain itu, sistem yang diajukan hanya memanfaatkan sensor tunggal sebagai masukan dari kontroller.
ABSTRACT
The current power generation system has attracted a lot of attention from both academia and industry. This is due to the advantages offered, including being clean, being able to convert into electricity directly, and not causing pollution. However, because there is still dependence on climatic conditions, such as irradiant and temperature, the power from this photovoltaic module needs to be maximized. Related to this, this paper presents a method to track the maximum power of a photovoltaic module based on a modified perturbation observer method. This tracking method is made to produce pulse width modulation with a frequency of 62.5 KHz which functions to regulate the SEPIC-based converter by receiving input voltage from the PV module and producing an output voltage that can be used to charge the battery (accu) which can be integrated to produce AC voltage through the inverter. The use of SEPIC as a signal conditioner has the advantage that the resulting output voltage is not reversed, as in the buck-boost converter circuit. Furthermore, the use of the modified perturbation observer method integrated with the SEPIC converter showed satisfactory performance. In addition, the proposed system only utilizes a single sensor as input from the controller
МЕДИЦИНСКИЙ ПЛЮРАЛИЗМ И ПРОБЛЕМЫ ЗДОРОВЬЕСБЕРЕЖЕНИЯ: МНЕНИЯ МОЛОДЫХ УЧЕНЫХ
Authors: Маничкин Нестор Александрович
Published: October 2021

Сосуществование и взаимодействие различных медицинских систем (биомедицины, традиционной медицины, народной медицины) остается одним из главных объектов исследовательского внимания в медицинской антропологии. Основные сферы этого научного направления, затрагивающие не только этнокультурный бэкграунд опыта болезни и излечения, но и различные социальные, политико-экономические факторы здоровья человека, требуют развития классического инструментария и освоения новых методологических подходов. Как показывает диалог, установившийся в новом поколении ученых, взятый ранее медицинской антропологией курс на междисциплинарность не только сохраняет свою актуальность и прагматическую оправданность, но и требует последовательной и продуманной интенсификации.
«ЖИЗНЕННАЯ СИЛА» И ДОЛГОЛЕТИЕ (ПО МАТЕРИАЛАМ РУССКОЯЗЫЧНЫХ ИЗДАНИЙ XIX – НАЧАЛА ХХ ВВ.)
Authors: Колдман Северина Дановна
Published: October 2021

Обзор выпущенной в России в XIX – начале ХХ вв. научной и популярной литературы выявил зависимость между продолжительностью активной жизни человека и запасом количества некой силы, именуемой «жизненностью», «жизненной энергией», «жизненной силой». Источником этого вида энергии являются запасы родителей, которыми они делятся со своими детьми в момент зачатия, а это предопределяет их короткую или долгую жизнь. Согласно концепции расходования и восполнения жизненной силы в процессе жизни, человек имеет возможность контролировать собственное долголетие. Аналогичные представления о запасах «жизненности» в организме сохраняются в современности.
РИТУАЛЬНАЯ ПРАКТИКА «ТЁМНЫЙ ДОМ» КАК МЕТОД ШАМАНСКОГО ИСЦЕЛЕНИЯ БОЛЬНЫХ
Authors: Волдина Татьяна Владимировна
Published: October 2021

Статья знакомит со специфичным целительным ритуалом «Тёмный дом», проводившемся в традиционной среде обско-угорских народов до 1970-х гг. В отличие от других ритуальных практик, этот обряд осуществлялся в полной темноте. Автор впервые обращает внимание на типологическую параллель между обско-угорским шаманским ритуалом и «тёмным ретритом», являющимся не только духовной практикой восточных религий, но и одним из методов современной практической психологии. Предложенный подход позволяет пролить свет на понимание механизмов положительного воздействия «тёмного дома» на больного в традиционных условиях жизни.
ПАНДЕМИЯ COVID-19 НА ЮКАТАНЕ: СТРАТЕГИИ БОРЬБЫ И ИХ РЕАЛИЗАЦИЯ
Authors: Репетто Адриан Мальдонадо , Роот Татьяна Владимировна
Published: October 2021

В статье освещаются изменения в жизни населения мексиканского штата Юкатан, вызванные пандемией COVID-19. Приводятся данные о государственных структурах, задействованных в разработке стратегий и протоколов, рассказывается о принятых правовых актах. В статье также описывается, каким образом менялись стратегии по мере распространения заболевания, какие санкции вводились властями для поддержания порядка и снижения темпов распространения инфекции. Авторы сообщают о методах, используемых в Мексике для выявления зараженных, системе мониторинга «эпидемиологический светофор», оценивают степень готовности системы здравоохранения к чрезвычайным обстоятельствам. Дается информация о механизмах донесения до населения актуальной медицинской информации, уделяется внимание отношению населения, в том числе общин майя, к COVID-19 и к действиям властей по борьбе с пандемией. Материал сопровождается примерами из деятельности властей по поддержке граждан, пострадавших от закрытия предприятий и других карантинных мер.
ПРЕПОДАВАНИЕ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ МЕДИЦИНЫ В МЕДИЦИНСКИХ УНИВЕРСИТЕТАХ РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ
Authors: Сафоничева Ольга Георгиевна
Published: October 2021

В статье представлена историческая справка о развитии методов чжень-цзютерапии в Китае и в России, дается описание рефлексотерапии как медицинской специальности, самостоятельное значение которой закреплено приказом Минздрава РФ от 10.12.1997 в номенклатуре врачебных и провизорских специальностей. Указаны особенности преподавания рефлексотерапии в медицинских вузах Российской Федерации в различных формах, включая циклы профессиональной переподготовки, тематического усовершенствования. Указаны определенные межкультурные сложности, с которыми сталкиваются врачи при прохождении циклов профессиональной переподготовки при изучении философских основ, терминов, диагностических подходов и принципов составления рецептов. Большое внимание уделено преподаванию Аюрведы в Институте Восточной Медицины (ИВМ) Российского Университета Дружбы Народов, который с 2014 года проводит базовые циклы для врачей с выдачей сертификата и циклы дополнительного образования для населения. В статье показано, что между современной западной 4П-медициной (превентивной, предсказательной, персонализированной и партисипативной), которая сформировалась после расшифровки генома человека, и аюрведической медициной можно провести параллели: Аюрведа обладает персонализированным подходом, включающим в себя оценку конституции для установления первопричины заболевания, ранней диагностики, профилактики и лечения. В статье также дается характеристика пилотной международной программы магистратуры 32.04.01. «Общественное здравоохранение» по профилю «Персонализированное управление здоровьем и активное долголетие», которая открылась в Первом МГМУ им. И.М. Сеченова в 2018 году. Программа магистратуры представлена тремя базовыми блоками, в нее входят модули по изучению лучших мировых практик активного долголетия, включая концепции ТКМ и Аюрведы. Таким образом, программы подготовки специалистов традиционной медицины в медицинских университетах РФ расширяются, преподаются на факультетах профессиональной переподготовки, переплетаются с программами профилактики, лечения и медицинской реабилитации, а также входят самостоятельными модулями в новые направления «Персонализированная медицина» и «Физическая и реабилитационная медицина».
Effect of Novel Polymer-Free Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Dioxide Film–Coated Coronary Stent Loaded With Mycophenolic Acid
Authors: Shim Jae Won , Kim Sung Soo , Kim Hyun Kuk , Bae In Ho , Park Dae Sung , Park Jun-Kyu , Kim Jae Un , Kim Han Byul , Lee Min Young , Kim Joong Sun , Kim Jung Ha , Koo Bon-Sang , Jeong Kang-Jin , Kim Sun-Uk , Kim Min Chul , Sim Doo Sun , Hong Young Joon , Ahn Youngkeun , Lim Kyung Seob , Jeong Myung Ho
Published: October 2021

Background: Titanium is commonly used in blood-exposed medical devices because it has superior blood compatibility. Mycophenolic acid inhibits the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. This study examined the effect of a non-polymer TiO2 thin film–coated stent with mycophenolic acid in a porcine coronary overstretch restenosis model.

Methods: Thirty coronary arteries in 15 pigs were randomized into three groups in which the coronary arteries were treated with a TiO2 film–coated stent with mycophenolic acid (NTM, n = 10), everolimus-eluting stent with biodegradable polymer (EES, n = 10), or TiO2 film–coated stent (NT, n = 10). A histopathologic analysis was performed 28 days after the stenting.

Results: There were no significant intergroup differences in injury score, internal elastic lamina area, or inflammation score. Percent area stenosis was significantly smaller in the NTM and EES groups than in the NT group (36.1 ± 13.63% vs. 31.6 ± 7.74% vs. 45.5 ± 18.96%, respectively, p = 0.0003). Fibrin score was greater in the EES group than in the NTM and NT groups [2.0 (range, 2.0–2.0) vs. 1.0 (range, 1.0–1.75) vs. 1.0 (range, 1.0–1.0), respectively, p < 0.0001]. The in-stent occlusion rate measured by micro-computed tomography demonstrated similar percent area stenosis rates on histology analysis (36.1 ± 15.10% in NTM vs. 31.6 ± 8.89% in EES vs. 45.5 ± 17.26% in NT, p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The NTM more effectively reduced neointima proliferation than the NT. Moreover, the inhibitory effect of NTM on smooth muscle cell proliferation was not inferior to that of the polymer-based EES with lower fibrin deposition in this porcine coronary restenosis model.
Property Risk Assessment for Expansive Soils in Louisiana
Authors: Mostafiz Rubayet Bin , Friedland Carol J. , Rohli Robert V. , Bushra Nazla , Held Chad L.
Published: October 2021

The physical properties of soil can affect the stability of construction. In particular, soil swelling potential (a term which includes swelling/shrinking) is often overlooked as a natural hazard. Similar to risk assessment for other hazards, assessing risk for soil swelling can be defined as the product of the probability of the hazard and the value of property subjected to the hazard. This research utilizes past engineering and geological assessments of soil swelling potential, along with economic data from the U.S. Census, to assess the risk for soil swelling at the census-block level in Louisiana, a U.S. state with a relatively dense population that is vulnerable to expansive soils. Results suggest that the coastal parts of the state face the highest risk, particularly in the areas of greater population concentrations, but that all developed parts of the state have some risk. The annual historical property loss, per capita property loss, and per building property loss are all concentrated in southeastern Louisiana and extreme southwestern Louisiana, but the concentration of wealth in cities increases the historical property loss in most of the urban areas. Projections of loss by 2050 show a similar pattern, but with increased per building loss in and around a swath of cities across southwestern and south-central Louisiana. These results may assist engineers, architects, and developers as they strive to enhance the resilience of buildings and infrastructure to the multitude of environmental hazards in Louisiana.
The Duo of Osteogenic and Angiogenic Differentiation in ADSC-Derived Spheroids
Authors: Gorkun Anastasiya A. , Revokatova Daria P. , Zurina Irina M. , Nikishin Denis A. , Bikmulina Polina Y. , Timashev Peter S. , Shpichka Anastasiya I. , Kosheleva Nastasia V. , Kolokoltsova Tamara D. , Saburina Irina N.
Published: October 2021

Graphical Abstract
Long-Term Release of Dexamethasone With a Polycaprolactone-Coated Electrode Alleviates Fibrosis in Cochlear Implantation
Authors: Chen Dongxiu , Luo Yanjing , Pan Jing , Chen Anning , Ma Dong , Xu Muqing , Tang Jie , Zhang Hongzheng
Published: October 2021

Cochlear implantation (CI) is the major treatment for severe sensorineural hearing loss. However, the fibrotic tissue forming around the electrodes reduces the treatment effectiveness of CI. Dexamethasone (DEX) is usually applied routinely in perioperative treatment of cochlear implantation (CI), but its diffusion in the inner ear after systemic administration is limited. In the present study, an electrode coated with polycaprolactone (PCL) loaded with dexamethasone was developed with a simple preparation process to maintain the stability of the electrode itself. The DEX-loaded PCL coating has good biocompatibility and does not change the smoothness, flexibility, or compliance of the implant electrode. Stable and effective DEX concentrations were maintained for more than 9 months. Compared with the pristine electrode, decreasing intracochlear fibrosis, protection of hair cells and spiral ganglion cells, and better residual hearing were observed 5 weeks after PCL-DEX electrode implantation. The PCL-DEX electrode has great potential in preventing hearing loss and fibrosis by regulating macrophages and inhibiting the expression of the fibrosis-related factors IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-4, and TGF-β1. In conclusion, the PCL-DEX electrode coating shows promising application in CI surgery.
MiR-181a Targets RSPO2 and Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein – WNT Signaling Crosstalk During Chondrogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells
Authors: Melnik Svitlana , Hofmann Nina , Gabler Jessica , Hecht Nicole , Richter Wiltrud
Published: October 2021

Mechanisms of WNT and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling crosstalk is in the focus of multiple biological studies, and it also has been discovered to play important roles in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) that are of great interest for neocartilage engineering due to their high chondrogenic differentiation potential. However, MSC-derived chondrocytes undergo hypertrophic degeneration that impedes their clinical application for cartilage regeneration. In our previous study, we established that several microRNAs (miRs) are differentially expressed between articular chondrocytes (AC) – and MSC-derived neocartilage, with miR-181a being the most prominent candidate as key microRNA involved in the regulation of a balance between chondral and endochondral differentiation. The aim of this study was the identification of precise mRNA targets and signaling pathways regulated by miR-181a in MSC during chondrogenesis. MiR-181a was upregulated during chondrogenesis of MSC, along with an increase of the hypertrophic phenotype in resulting cartilaginous tissue. By in silico analysis combined with miR reporter assay, the WNT signaling activator and BMP signaling repressor RSPO2 was suggested as a target of miR-181a. Further validation experiments confirmed that miR-181a targets RSPO2 mRNA in MSC. It was found that in human MSC miR-181a activated BMP signaling manifested by the accumulation of SOX9 protein and increased phosphorylation of SMAD1/5/9. These effects, together with the concomitant reduction of canonical WNT signaling induced by miR-181a mimic, were in accordance with the effects expected by the loss of RSPO2, thus indicating the causative link between miR-181a and RSPO2. Moreover, we observed that a tight correlation between miR-181a and miR-218 expression levels in healthy human cartilage tissue was disrupted in osteoarthritis (OA) highlighting the importance of the WNT-BMP signaling crosstalk for preventing OA.
Microgravity × Radiation: A Space Mechanobiology Approach Toward Cardiovascular Function and Disease
Authors: Basirun Carin , Ferlazzo Melanie L. , Howell Nicholas R. , Liu Guo-Jun , Middleton Ryan J. , Martinac Boris , Narayanan S. Anand , Poole Kate , Gentile Carmine , Chou Joshua
Published: October 2021

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in space exploration, supported by the accelerated technological advancements in the field. This has led to a new potential environment that humans could be exposed to in the very near future, and therefore an increasing request to evaluate the impact this may have on our body, including health risks associated with this endeavor. A critical component in regulating the human pathophysiology is represented by the cardiovascular system, which may be heavily affected in these extreme environments of microgravity and radiation. This mini review aims to identify the impact of microgravity and radiation on the cardiovascular system. Being able to understand the effect that comes with deep space explorations, including that of microgravity and space radiation, may also allow us to get a deeper understanding of the heart and ultimately our own basic physiological processes. This information may unlock new factors to consider with space exploration whilst simultaneously increasing our knowledge of the cardiovascular system and potentially associated diseases.
Regulatory Roles of Six-Transmembrane Epithelial Antigen of the Prostate Family Members in the Occurrence and Development of Malignant Tumors
Authors: Chen Wen-Jia , Wu Hua-Tao , Li Chun-Lan , Lin Yi-Ke , Fang Ze-Xuan , Lin Wen-Ting , Liu Jing
Published: October 2021

The human six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate (STEAP) proteins, which include STEAP1–4 and atypical STEAP1B, contain six transmembrane domains and are located in the cell membrane. STEAPs are considered archaeal metal oxidoreductases, based on their heme groups and F420H2:NADP+ oxidoreductase (FNO)-like structures, and play an important role in cell metal metabolism. Interestingly, STEAPs not only participate in biological processes, such as molecular transport, cell cycling, immune response, and intracellular and extracellular activities, but also are closely related to the occurrence and development of several diseases, especially malignant tumors. Up to now, the expression patterns of STEAPs have been found to be diverse in different types of tumors, with controversial participation in different aspects of malignancy, such as cell proliferation, migration, invasion, apoptosis, and therapeutic resistance. It is clinically important to explore the potential roles of STEAPs as new immunotherapeutic targets for the treatment of different malignant tumors. Therefore, this review focuses on the molecular mechanism and function of STEAPs in the occurrence and development of different cancers in order to understand the role of STEAPs in cancer and provide a new theoretical basis for the treatment of diverse cancers.
Intertwined Signaling Pathways Governing Tooth Development: A Give-and-Take Between Canonical Wnt and Shh
Authors: Hermans Florian , Hemeryck Lara , Lambrichts Ivo , Bronckaers Annelies , Vankelecom Hugo
Published: October 2021

Teeth play essential roles in life. Their development relies on reciprocal interactions between the ectoderm-derived dental epithelium and the underlying neural crest-originated mesenchyme. This odontogenic process serves as a prototype model for the development of ectodermal appendages. In the mouse, developing teeth go through distinct morphological phases that are tightly controlled by epithelial signaling centers. Crucial molecular regulators of odontogenesis include the evolutionarily conserved Wnt, BMP, FGF and sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathways. These signaling modules do not act on their own, but are closely intertwined during tooth development, thereby outlining the path to be taken by specific cell populations including the resident dental stem cells. Recently, pivotal Wnt-Shh interaction and feedback loops have been uncovered during odontogenesis, showing conservation in other developing ectodermal appendages. This review provides an integrated overview of the interplay between canonical Wnt and Shh throughout mouse tooth formation stages, extending from the initiation of dental placode to the fully formed adult tooth.
Advances in RNA Epigenetic Modifications in Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Potential Targeted Intervention Strategies
Authors: Zhu Li-Ran , Ni Wei-Jian , Cai Ming , Dai Wen-Tao , Zhou Hong
Published: October 2021

The current interventions for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not satisfactory, and more precise targets and promising strategies need to be explored. Recent research has demonstrated the non-negligible roles of RNA epigenetic modifications such as N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C) in various cancers, including HCC. However, the specific targeting mechanisms are not well elucidated. In this review, we focus on the occurrence and detailed physiopathological roles of multiple RNA modifications on diverse RNAs closely related to the HCC process. In particular, we highlight fresh insights into the impact mechanisms of these posttranscriptional modifications on the whole progression of HCC. Furthermore, we analyzed the possibilities and significance of these modifications and regulators as potential therapeutic targets in HCC treatment, which provides the foundation for exploring targeted intervention strategies. This review will propel the identification of promising therapeutic targets and novel strategies that can be translated into clinical applications for HCC treatment.