bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT Imaging: Biodistribution, Dosimetry and First Comparison with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Zhang Jiaying , Lin Zefang , Zhang Xiaojun , Lin Rong , Cui Mengchao , Zang Jie , Miao Weibing , Yao Shaobo
Published: August 2021

PurposeThis prospective trial aimed to evaluate the safety, dosimetry, biodistribution, and diagnostic efficacy of a novel theranostic probe 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA. Also, we have performed the first comparison with 68Ga-PSMA-11 in prostate cancer (PCa) patients.MethodsFive healthy volunteers and ten PCa patients with a previous clinical 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT were injected with an intravenous bolus of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA with a dose of 1.85MBq/kg. Healthy volunteers received serial whole-body PET scans from the time of injection up to 60 min post-injection, with a second PET/CT scanning at 120 min post-injection. In PCa patients, low-dose CT scan, whole-body PET was performed with 2 min per bed position in 40 min post-injection. In addition, 68Ga-PSMA-11 scanning was performed on PCa patients within 10 days under the same acquisition procedure. Absorbed organ doses and effective doses were calculated using OLINDA/EXM. Normal organ uptake and tumor lesion uptake (SUVmax) were measured. A lesion-by-lesion analysis was performed.Results﻿68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA administration was safe and well-tolerated. The kidneys received the highest absorbed dose (114.46 ± 29.28 uSv/MBq), followed by the urinary bladder wall (100.82 ± 46.22 uSv/MBq) in accordance with the expected PSMA renal excretion of the tracer. The mean effective dose was 19.46 ± 1.73 μSv/MBq. The SUVmax of ﻿68Ga-PSMA-11 and 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA PET/CT for PCa lesions, bone metastases, and lymph node metastases were 11.2 ± 10.76 vs. 4.41 ± 2.72, 7.6 ± 1.58 vs. 2.95 ± 1.11 and 4.86 ± 1.94 vs. 3.26 ± 1.2, respectively.ConclusionInjection of ﻿68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA is safe and associated with low absorbed and effective doses. Compared to 68Ga-PSMA-11, 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA shows comparable pharmacokinetics and detection ability in PCa patients that warrant further head-to-head comparison. Low non-specific uptake in salivary glands and kidneys of 68Ga-DOTA-DiPSMA indicates potential radioligand therapy (RLT) application when labeled with 177Lu, 90Y, or 225Ac.
Learners and System Readiness for Digital Learning in Ethiopian Health Sector: The Path to Blended Learning
Authors: Berhan Yifru , Dessalegn Muluken , Hetyey Aranka , Assamnew Bekalu , Tsegaye Sentayehu , Makonnen Misrak , Abebe Sintayehu
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIn Ethiopia, the traditional face-to-face learning method is still the predominant modality to formally educate and train health workers in many universities and colleges, but could not alleviate the critical national shortage of health workforce. The increasing global digital interconnectedness, the emerging user-friendly and cost-effective digital learning platforms are easing the barriers for reaching unlimited audience, and the lessons learned from coronavirus disease (COVID-19) restrictions have opened room for digital learning. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to get an insight into the learners and system readiness for digital learning scale up.MethodsQuantitative and qualitative methods were employed by including 393 lower and mid-level health workers from regional states and Addis Ababa city, and 27 key informants from different governmental and non-governmental organizations. The market appetite for digital learning, willingness to pay, use of the mobile devices, delivery mode preference, and the current context pertinent to digital learning were assessed. ResultsAlmost all of the study participants possessed mobile phones, and the majority (92%) had smartphones. Most of those who had digital learning experience agreed or strongly agreed with digital learning is cost-effective (88.7%), most effective and efficient (90.3%) with no geographic limitation (95.2%), easier to use (91.9%), and enabling the required skills and knowledge (89%) as compared to face-to-face learning, which were also supported by key informants. More than 90% of survey participants with digital learning experience regarded classroom learning as more expensive than digital learning and the majority were willing to pay for digital learning service, which was also echoed by key informants. The most preferred delivery mode was blended learning. ConclusionStudy participants have expressed their optimism towards digital learning, most preferably through a blended delivery mode. The cost-effectiveness of the method, high access to mobile devices, government and partners’ commitment along with trainees preference are persuasive conditions to implement and transform digital learning for health workers in Ethiopia and increase the health workforce as an important intervention for achieving universal health coverage and health-specific sustainable development goals at large.
Relationship between lipid accumulation product index and arterial stiffness in the Chinese population with hypertension: a report from the China Hypertension Registry Study
Authors: Shi Yumeng , Hu Lihua , Li Minghui , Zhou Wei , Wang Tao , Zhu Lingjuan , Bao Huihui , Li Ping , Cheng Xiaoshu
Published: August 2021

Background: The relation of LAP index with baPWV have been evaluated in several previous studies and yield inconsistent results. The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the lipid accumulation product (LAP) index and arterial stiffness in the Chinese population with hypertension.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional analysis in 4926 participants chinese population with hypertension (aged 64.42 ± 9.44years). The LAP was developed from population-based frequency plots of adult waist circumferences and circulating triglyceride concentrations. Arterial stifness was determined by measuring brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV).Results: Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that LAP index was independently and positively associated with baPWV (β, 25.06 cm/s (95% confdence interval [CI]: 10.91, 39.22 cm/s). Consistently, Multiple logistic analyses showed a positive association between LAP index risk of elevated baPWV (>75th percentile) (odds ratio [OR], 1.24; 95% CI 1.09, 1.40). A restricted cubic spline showed that the significant linear association existed between LAP index and baPWV. Similar results were found in various subgroups.Conclusion: LAP is a signifcant positive associated with with baPWV and elevated baPWV in Chinese hypertensive adults.
Nonmetallic plasmonic heterostructures with multi-synergies on boosting hot electron generation for CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Lou Zaizhu , Lu Changhai , Li Xinru , Li Juan , Mao Liang , Wang Xuandong , Chen Qin , wen long , Zhu Mingshan , Li Baojun
Published: August 2021

Constructing multi-physical effects on semiconductors is one new horizon to develop next-generation photocatalysts. Here we use pyroelectric black phosphorus (BP) to couple with nonmetallic plasmonic tungsten oxides (WO) forming a BP/WO heterostructures as photocatalysts to convert CO2 for CO under visible-near-infrared (Vis-NIR) light irradiation. Nonmetallic plasmonic heterostructures exhibit 26.1 µmol h− 1 g− 1 CO generation with a selectivity of 98 %, and which is 7- and 17-fold higher than those of plasmonic WO and pyroelectric BP, respectively. The interface P-O-W bonds in heterostructures are constructed to work as channels for electron transfer from BP to plasmonic WO. Moreover, the photothermal energy generated by SPR excitation on WO can make the temperature of heterostructures rapidly increasing from 24 to 86 oC in 10 min, triggering the pyroelectric BP for carriers to promote electron transfer. Multi-physical effects including plasmonic hot carriers and photothermal effect of WO, intrinsic band excitation and pyroelectric effect of BP and W-O-P bonds play synergistic roles on boosting hot electron generation for CO2 reduction. This work provides clear proofs to demonstrate that constructing multi-physical effects on semiconductors is one useful strategy to promote NIR-harvesting for artificial photosynthesis.
An Adaptive Human Sensor Framework for Human-Robot Collaboration
Authors: Buerkle Achim , Matharu Harveen , Al-Yacoub Ali , Lohse Niels , Bamber Thomas , Ferreira Pedro
Published: August 2021

Manufacturing challenges are increasing the demands for more agile and dexterous means of production. At the same time, these systems aim to maintain or even increase productivity. The challenges risen from these developments can be tackled through Human-Robot Collaboration (HRC). HRC requires effective task distribution according to each parties’ distinctive strengths, which is envisioned to generate synergetic effects. To enable a seamless collaboration, the human and robot require a mutual awareness, which is challenging, due to the human and robot “speaking” different languages as in analogue and digital. Thus, this challenge can be addressed by equipping the robot with a model of the human. Despite a range of models being available, data-driven models of the human are still at an early stage. This paper proposes an adaptive human sensor framework, which incorporates objective, subjective, and physiological metrics, as well as associated Machine Learning. Thus, it is envisioned to adapt to the uniqueness and dynamic nature of human behavior. To test the framework, a validation experiment was performed, including 18 participants, which aims to predict Perceived Workload during two scenarios, namely a manual and an HRC assembly task. Perceived Workloads are described to have a substantial impact on a human operator’s task performance. Throughout the experiment physiological data from an electroencephalogram (EEG), an electrocardiogram (ECG), and respiration sensor was collected and interpreted. For subjective metrics, the standardized NASA Task Load Index was used. Objective metrics included task completion time and number of errors/assistance requests. Overall, the framework revealed a promising potential towards an adaptive behavior, which is ultimately envisioned to enable a more effective HRC.
Age Related Non-Type 2 Inflammation and its Association with Treatment Outcome in Patients with Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyp in Korea
Authors: Kim Jeong-Whum , Won Tae-Bin , Woo Hyunjun , Yang Seung Koo , Phannikul Chayakoen , Ko Seung Ah , Kim Hyojin , Rhee Chae-Seo , Cho Sung-Woo
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to investigate the effect of age in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP). 296 patients were divided into eosinophilic and non-eosinophilic groups based on tissue eosinophilia, defined by eosinophils accounting for more than 20% of the total inflammatory cells. Patients were then further divided into younger and older groups based on the age of 35 years. Clinical characteristics including blood eosinophil, Lund Mackay score, and modified Lund-Kennedy(mLK) scores were compared. Levels of 14 cytokines from nasal tissues of an additional 58 patients were analyzed. Tissue eosinophilia was significantly associated with age, and the proportion of non-eosinophilic CRSwNP was significantly higher in younger patients as compared to older patients (79.2% vs 56.6%). There was no difference in clinical characteristics and cytokine levels between the younger and older patients with eosinophilic CRSwNP. In contrast, younger patients had significantly lower preoperative blood eosinophils and higher mLK scores at three and six months, postoperatively, compared to older patients in patients with non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. Alpha-1 antitrypsin and IL-5 levels were significantly lower in younger patients than in older patients in non-eosinophilic CRSwNP. This study suggests a potential association between age, non-type 2 inflammation and treatment outcome in CRSwNP.
Age Assessment Practices by Dental Practitioners in Selected County Hospitals in Kenya
Authors: Kihara Eunice Njeri , Karanja Simon , wanzala Peter , Wagaiyu Evelyn Gacheri
Published: August 2021

Background

Globally, individuals who do not possess authentic documentation of date of birth may require age assessment before accessing certain rights or facing legal consequences. The determination of age requires customization and a systematic multidisciplinary approach. Hence, professional and human rights organizations have established relevant guidelines. In Kenya, there is lack of a documented local policy on age assessment; nevertheless, the dentists working in public hospitals often receive patients for age assessment. In order to improve on local practices, there is need to investigate current age assessment procedures. Therefore, the objective of this study was to look at the age assessment methods in use currently.
Methods

The study design was cross-sectional. Data was collected prospectively from new patients who visited eight (8) selected public dental health facilities for age assessment during the study period 2019–2020.Patients were sampled through convenience sampling from randomly selected hospitals. Study variables included gender, estimated age and age assessment methods. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The statistical significance was tested by Chi-square test.
Results

The study included 316 patients, 186(58.9%) males and 130(41.1%) females. The average age was 19.42 ± 12.33 years, with a range of 1.5–79 years. There were significantly (Χ2(7) = 39.883, p = 0.000) more children (248,78.5%) than adults (68,21.5%). The age was assessed through examination of presented documents, social history and review of eruption patterns. There was significant use of dental panoramic radiographs (210,66.5%) to review root formation (Χ2(7) = 164.991, p = 0.000). Unspecified tooth maturity tables were used to deduce the dental age.
Conclusion

Age assessment was mostly indicated for children aged 18 years and below. Both non-medical and medical methods were applied in age assessment though devoid of any structured processes. Observation of eruption patterns and use of dental panoramic images to assess developing teeth were utilized in most patients. The dental age was assessed through the use of unspecified tooth maturity tables. There is need for further training on application and limitations of age estimation methods as well as development of a national protocol so as to ensure equality and provision of evidence based age assessment services.
Lay Health Workers in Community-based Care and Management of Dementia: a ‘Pre’ and ‘Post’ Pilot Intervention Study in Southwestern Uganda
Authors: Karungi Christine K , Wakida Edith K , Rukundo Godfrey Z , Talib Zohray M , Haberer Jessica E , Obua Celestino
Published: August 2021

Background: The global need for efficient and cost-effective use of healthcare resources in low-income countries has led to the introduction of lay health workers (LHWs) as a link of the community to the formal health care services, especially in remote areas. As such, the LHWs perform a variety of tasks such as patient care, education, support for care delivery, and social support across all disease types. However, little is known about their ability to support dementia care and management in the community. Purpose: The goal of the pilot intervention study was to evaluate the ability of LHWs in rural southwestern Uganda to support community-based care and management for people with dementia. Methods: This was a ‘pre’ and ‘post’ pilot intervention study which involved a qualitative assessment of LHWs’ knowledge on community-based management and care for people with dementia. The pilot intervention focused on four core competency domains in the WHO dementia toolkit. It began with a five-day training of the LHWs, followed by eight weeks of implementation of knowledge and skills gained during the training, and an evaluation of their experiences. Analysis focused on apriori themes i.e., needs assessment, early detection and management, community engagement, and support for people with dementia; as well as evaluation of the eight-weeks implementation. Results: Before the training, the LHWs did not know much about dementia and provided no dementia-specific support in the community. Activities were limited to general support, including sanitation, nutrition, and health education. After the training, LHWs had a basic understanding of dementia and began sensitizing their communities. They provided dementia-specific support, although they had challenges in differentiating the signs of early dementia from superstitious beliefs. They felt more comfortable in handling people with dementia and reported a notable change in the attitude of family members towards people with symptoms of dementia. Conclusion: Results from the pilot intervention study showed that, with enhanced capacity, LHWs may be able to support community-based management for people with dementia. A larger study is needed to confirm these findings and further assess effectiveness of the LHWs’ skills.
Winter Precipitations of Northern Part of Farming-pastoral Zone and Hulunbuir Grassland
Authors: Xia You
Published: August 2021

In January 2018 a high record of monthly total precipitation in northern China drew our attention. This number is 4 times more than that in normal winters over the past 30 years, and its location is in northern China. Thus our research region is composed by the northern part of the farming-pastoral zone and the Hulunbuir Grassland. We target our research at understanding the phenomena and causes of such high precipitations. We explore the heavy precipitation locations, and use dynamical analyses on different pressure levels to find out the cause of the high score. We analyze wind fields, geopotential heights and relative humidity for the pressure levels of 200 hPa, 500 hPa, 700 hPa and 850 hPa. We find that the location of the highest monthly total precipitation in January 2018 is on the mountain, whereas the spots of heavy precipitations during one event are not located on the mountain. Zooming in January 2018, it is the precipitation frequency that drastically increased, not the number of heavy precipitation events. The dynamical analyses show that the heavy precipitation events in January 2018 are mainly caused by appearance of cyclones either in or near the research region at high geopotential heights.
Immobilization of mercury in contaminated soils through the use of new carbon foam amendments
Authors: Janeiro-Tato Iria , Antón María Antonia López , Baragaño Diego , Antuña-Nieto Cristina , Rodriguez Elena , Pelaez Ana Isabel , Gallego José Luis , Martinez-Tarazona Maria Rosa
Published: August 2021

Background: Mercury (Hg) is recognized as one of the 10 most toxic elements and is much more persistent in soils than in other environmental compartments. However, an effective, environmentally friendly, economical, and applicable at large-scale technology for the remediation of soils contaminated by Hg has not yet been established. This study evaluates the feasibility of a new carbon foam-based product for the remediation of three soils contaminated with Hg, and infers the mobilization or immobilization mechanism through a detailed study of Hg speciation. Results: Soil treatment with the carbon foams, one of them impregnated with goethite, reduced Hg availability by between 75 and 100%. Mercury associated to humic acid (Hg-HA) determined the proportion of mobility and availability of Hg when soils were treated with carbon foams. When the pH dropped, the structure of HA changed causing the Hg-HA to become part of the unavailable fraction of the soil along with HgS. The carbon foam impregnated with goethite did not mobilize Fe as occurred with ZVI nanoparticles. The presence of acid groups on the surface of the foam (carboxyl, quinone and phenolic groups) can bind metal cations strongly improving Fe immobilization. Conclusions: A novel carbon foam-based amendment was efficient in immobilizing Hg in all the soils studied. The carbon foam impregnated with goethite, in addition to not mobilizing Fe, had the additional advantage of its lesser effect on the electrical conductivity of the soil. This novel approach could be considered as a potential amendment for other sites contaminated with Hg and/or other metal(loid)s.
Growth Patterns of Activity of Daily Living Disability and Associated Factors Among The Chinese Elderly: A Twelve-Year Longitudinal Study
Authors: Huang Xitong , Zhang Minqiang , Fang Junyan
Published: August 2021

Background
The acceleration of population aging has brought a lot of attention to the disability among older populations, but existing results about the development patterns of disability were largely mixed. The current study aimed to identify the potential different development patterns of disability and the influential factors using a large, nationally representative sample of the Chinese elderly.
Methods
We adopted a five-wave longitudinal dataset from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), and a total of 1,654 elderly aged 65 and over were obtained. Disability was measured using the Katz index scale which graded individuals on a scale of difficulty to carry out the activities of daily living (ADL). We utilized the conditional growth mixture model (GMM) with time-invariant covariates to identify various development patterns and associated factors.
Results
Compared with those without disability (n = 1,140), individuals living with ADL disability (n = 514) were more likely to be old, female, or Han ethnic, eat more healthy food and suffer from chronic disease. Two groups with distinct developmental trajectories of ADL disability were identified among those with ADL disability, including the Slightly Increasing and the Quickly Increasing groups. People who did less housework (OR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.12−0.90; p = 0.030), suffered from stroke (OR = 5.39, 95% CI:1.43−20.35; p = 0.013) or dementia (OR = 10.29, 95% CI: 1.01−104.44; p = 0.049) were more likely to be classified into the Quickly Increasing group.
Conclusion
There existed two development patterns of ADL disability among the Chinese elderly. Besides, doing housework could help prevent the deterioration of disability to some extent, and suffering from stroke or dementia may accelerate the deterioration of ADL ability in later years. The findings provided implications for public health interventions.
Sintering Characteristic, Structure, Microwave Dielectric Properties and Compatibility with Ag of Novel 3MgO-B2O3-xwt% Ba(CuB2)O5-ywt% H3BO3 Ceramics
Authors: WANG Haiquan , LI Shixuan , WANG Kangguo , WANG Xi , ZHANG Hailin , WU You , CHEN Xiuli , Zhou Huanfu
Published: August 2021

In this study, 3MgO-B2O3-xwt%BCB-ywt%H3BO3 (2 ≤ x ≤ 8, 0 ≤ y ≤ 20) ceramics were sintered at the optimum temperature to form Mg3B2O6 and MgO phases. The effects of H3BO3 and BCB on product characteristics, phase transition, microstructure, and microwave properties of 3Mg-B2O3 ceramics were investigated. The intensities of diffraction peaks of two phases varied with changing the x and y values. After sintering at 950 °C, the ceramics with x = 6 and y = 15 achieved excellent microwave properties with a εr of 6.72, Q × f of 83205 GHz, and τf of −65.05 ppm/℃. Besides, the ceramic with x = 8 and y = 5 sintered at 925 ℃ also achieved good microwave dielectric properties with a εr of 6.64, Q × f of 78173 GHz, and τf of −57.27 ppm/℃. The sintering temperatures of above both ceramics are well lower than the melting point of Ag, showing promising applications in low temperature cofired ceramic devices. In particular, these two ceramics can be used as potential candidate materials for microwave ceramics for 5G technology, provided that τf can be further optimized.
Immunhistochemical Assessment of PD-L1 Expression Using Three Different Monoclonal Antibodies in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Schmidt Gilda , Guhl Margit Maria , Solomayer Erich-Franz , Wagenpfeil Gudrun , Hammadeh Mohammed Eid , Juhasz-Boess Ingolf , Endrikat Jan , Kasoha Mariz , Bohle Rainer Maria
Published: August 2021

Background: PD-L1 receptor expression in breast cancer tissue can be assessed with different anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. The performance of three specific monoclonal antibodies in a head-to-head comparison is unknown. Also, a potential correlation of PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters has not been investigated.MethodsThis was a retrospective study on tissue samples of patients with histologically confirmed triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). PD-L1 receptors were immune histochemically stained with three anti-human PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies: 22C3 and 28-8 for staining of tumor cell membranes (TC) and cytoplasm (Cyt), SP142 for immune cell staining (IC).Three different tissue samples of each patient were evaluated separately by two observers in a blinded fashion. The percentage of PD-L1 positive tumor cells in relation to the total number of tumor cells was determined. For antibodies 22C3 and 28-8 PD-L1 staining of 0 to <1% of tumor cells was rated "negative", 1 to 50% was rated "positive" and > 50% was rated "strong positive". Cyt staining was defined as “negative” when no signal was observed and as “positive”, when any positive signal was observed. For IC staining with SP142 all samples with PD-L1 expression ≥1% were rated as “positive”. Finally, the relationship between PD-L1 expression and clinico-pathological parameters was analyzed.Results Tissue samples from 59 of 60 enrolled patients could be analyzed. Mean age was 55 years. Both the monoclonal antibodies 22C3 and 28-8 had similar properties, and were positive for both TC in 13 patients (22%) and for Cyt staining in 24 patients (40.7%). IC staining with antibody SP142 was positive in 24 patients (40.7%), who were also positive for Cyt staining. The differences between TC and Cyt staining and TC and IC staining were significant (p=0.001). Cases with positive TC staining showed higher Ki67 expression compared to those with negative staining, 40% vs 30%, respectively (p=0.05). None of the other clinico-pathological parameters showed any correlation with PDL1 expression. ConclusionAntibodies 22C3 and 28-8 can be used interchangeably for PD-L1 determination in tumor cells of TNBC patients. Results for Cyt staining with 22C3 or 28-8 and IC staining with SP142 were identical. PD-L1 expression correlates with Ki67 expression but not with OS or DFS.
Comparison of Metropolitan Cities for Mortality Rates Attributed to Ambient Air Pollution Within the Context of SDGs Using the AirQ Model
Authors: Kahraman Ahmet Cihat , Sivri Nüket
Published: August 2021

In the present study, the air pollution dynamics of the metropolitan cities of Balıkesir, Bursa, İstanbul, Kocaeli, Sakarya and Tekirdağ in the Marmara Region, which is the geographical region with the highest urban and industrial activity in Turkey, were examined for the time period between 2016 and 2019. Annual changes in the cities in terms of air pollution, which was examined with a focus on the PM2.5 parameter as indicated by United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), differences in the cities by years, and the seasonal changes in air pollution in the cities were investigated. Additionally, mortality rates attributed to air pollution were calculated with the AirQ+ software based on integrated exposure-response function recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the UN using city-scale statistics of fatal disease cases that can be attributed to air pollution. It was determined that all cities in the Marmara Region study area exceeded the limit PM2,5 values specified by the European Union (EU) in the years 2016, 2017 and 2018 while only Kocaeli and Tekirdağ were below the limit values in 2019. The limit values specified by the WHO were exceeded in all cities in each year. A total of 46.920 premature deaths attributed to the exceedance of WHO limit values were calculated for the years 2016, 2017, 2018 and 2019 with 11.895, 13.853, 11.748 and 9.429, respectively.Determining national limit values for the PM2.5 parameter, which is among the most important factors of air pollution, and monitoring it in a sustainable manner using a sufficient number of well-equipped stations is of great importance. This way, national, regional and urban action plans regarding the impact of air pollution on human health, as indicated by UN SDGs, can be prepared.
Mind-Shift: An Method for Power and Energy Reduction inApplication Mapping onto Network-o-Chip architectures
Authors: asadi yasin
Published: August 2021

Network-on-chip (NoC) is an efficient interconnection designing method for solving the limitations of buses in connecting IP cores. Power consumption is one of the most important issues in this area, solving this problem can lead to a more reliable and efficient design of NoC. Besides, there is another problem which is the More’s law is reaching an end. In this paper, we used a new approach, which improves designing points, so we can design NoC architecture more efficiently based on previous designs. Briefly, this method adds one step before the overall change of architecture which tests if the current design can be improved if we change some internal characteristics. For validation, we applied this method by using wire NoC, and changing its bottlenecks, and make them more efficient by using mapping and adding antennas for wireless communication. While this method seems simple at the first sight, but the result can help many designing, which are vital for industries, and technologies like Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) and Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Briefly, this method can be used in NoC architectures and make them more efficient in a new style for new purposes. The results compared with the basic designing method with the new improved method; power and Energy improvements are respectively 25% and 46% with mapping and wireless improvements and approximately 60% more than traditional NoC in comparison with the basic method in this approach. This method also paves the way for green computing by avoiding producing more chemicals and products from a reusability perspective.
MENELUSURI JEJAK MAQASHID SYARI’AH DALAM ISTINBATH HUKUM IMAM HAMBALI
Authors: Muttaqin Muhammad Ngizzul , Nur Iffatin
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTTheoretically, Maqashid Shari’ah puts forward the concepts, objectives and adaptability of Islamic law from philosophical-ideological characteristic to an actual-empirical one. The problems discussed in maqashid shari'ah are always interesting and debatable to Muslim scholars as well as comman people. Therefore, reviewing and tracing the footsteps of maqashid syari’ah in Imam Hambali’s legal method of istimbath has a strategic value in honing intellectual acuity as well as making it as a parameter in formulating new laws on various increasingly complicated and crucial contemporary issues faced by Muslims. In tracing the footsteps of maqashid shari’ah employing Sad Dzari’ah, which is the Hambali’s legal method of istimbath, it appears that flexibility, and dynamism of Islamic law rests on purposefulness (maqashid) as the essence of the law itself.Keywords: Imam Hambali, Islamic law, IstinbathMethod, Maqashid Syari’ah, Sad Dzari’ah
RUBU’ MUJAYYAB SEBAGAI ALAT HISAB RASHDUL KIBLAT
Authors: Indraswati Lutfi Nur Fadhilah
Published: August 2021

This research discusses daily reckoning of the Qibla with rubu’ mujayyab. A special discussion about the shadows of the Qibla using rubu’ mujayyab also does not yet exist in the classic books that examine rubu’ mujayyab. The discussion only reaches the determination of the Qibla direction. The study employs library research that is descriptive comparative.The results of the study show first, that the daily qibla method of reckoning with rubu’ mujayyab can be categorized as classic reckoning because it uses data and calculating devices which are classified as classic tools. However, the theory and system of calculation is based on the modern astronomical formula using rubu’ mujayyab. The shadow calculation of this Qibla does not use the place longitude and the equation of time, so the result of the calculation is istiwa’ time. Secondly, the accuracy of the shadows of Qibla with rubu’ mujayyab when compared to contemporary reckoning methods using ephemeris data and scientific calculators shows a difference of 1-4 minutes.
CHARACTERISTICS AND ESSENCE OF FATWAS ON ISLAMIC ECONOMIC LAW IN INDONESIA
Authors: Witro Doli , Hakim Atang Abdul , Komaruddin Koko
Published: August 2021

In Indonesia, one of the institutions authorized to issue fatwas is the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI). MUI is an institution with the role and authority to issue fatwas for Indonesian citizens who are diverse in Islam which are not mentioned in the Al-Quran and Hadith. Although not all groups can accept the fatwa issued by the MUI or there are reaping criticism and controversy by some circles, the influence and role of the MUI fatwa are considerable in maintaining the peace of the Indonesian people. Departing from this, it is essential to see fatwas based on the characteristics and essence of fatwas on Islamic economic law. This paper is conducted in qualitative research. There are several approaches used in this paper, namely, the normative approach, the historical approach, and the political approach. This paper aims to reveal the characteristics and essence of fatwas on sharia economic law in Indonesia. The analysis results show that fatwas as a product of Islamic law are identical to fiqh and have inherent specific characteristization. In essence, a fatwa can become state law if there is recognition through competent state institutions.
SYIQAQ SEBAGAI ALASAN PERCERAIAN DI PENGADILAN AGAMA TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Sukur Mukhamad , Shobahah Nurush
Published: August 2021

Marriage is an inner and outer bond based on the rules of religion and the laws between a man and a woman to constitute both inner and outer happy family. However, the high number of failing cases and divorce decisions in the Religious Court shows that there are various factors that might be a trigger to the failure of a marriage. A number of divorce cases data in Tulungagung Regency shows 225 divorce cases per month with an average of 20 lawsuits every day. The data in 2017 show that out of 3,114 divorce cases 2,150 cases were filed by women. The results of the analysis show that the high divorce rate is one of the dominance factor of dispute or quarrel (syiqoq) which was triggered by the following reasons; economy, one party leaves another party, continuous disputes, domestic violence, adultery, drunkenness and gambling. The high interest of the people of Tulungagung Regency who work as both Indonesian workers and female workers (TKI/ TKW) allegedly contributed to high divorce rate by the reason of syiqoq.
KAŞKAY TÜRKÇESİNDE -(y)AsI GELECEK ZAMAN EKİNİN KULLANIM ÖZELLİKLERİ VE KİPLİK ANLAMLARI
Authors: DOĞAN Talip
Published: August 2021

Tarihsel Türk dili alanında -(y)AsI (< -GA(y)sUG) eki, Eski Oğuz Türkçesinde karakteristikleşmiştir. Eski Oğuz Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki, genellikle sıfat-fiil eki olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu dönemin metinlerinde -(y)AsI ekine kimi zaman çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde de yer verilmiştir. -(y)AsI eki bugün Oğuzcanın bir üyesi olan Kaşkay Türkçesinde (Güney Oğuzcada) işlek olarak kullanılmaya devam etmektedir. Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde kullanılmaktadır. -(y)AsI, sıfat-fiil eki işleviyle kalıplaşmış ifadeler dışında kalmamış durumdadır. Bunun temel sebebi Kaşkay Türkçesinin Farsçayla etkileşimidir. Türkçenin fiilimsili yapıları, Farsçada yan cümlelerle karşılanmaktadır. Farsçanın bu özelliğinin sonucu olarak Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI ekli sıfat-fiiller kullanımdan çekilmiştir.

Kaşkay Türkçesinde çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde -(y)AsI ekinden sonra tarihsel gelişime de uygun olmak suretiyle çoğunlukla iyelik kökenli şahıs ekleri kullanılmaktadır. Bununla beraber çekimli (bitimli) fiillerde -(y)AsI ekine zamir kökenli şahıs ekleri de getirilmektedir. -(y)AsI’nın ikinci çekim tablosu zamir kökenli şahıs eklerinden örnekseme yoluyla ortaya çıkmıştır.

Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI, gelecek zaman eki olmasından dolayı doğası gereği birtakım kiplik anlamların ifadesinde de kullanılmaktadır. Bu açıdan -(y)AsI’nın çoğu zaman kiplik anlamları işaretleyen bir ek özelliğinde olduğu gözlemlenmektedir. Cümlelerde -(y)AsI’nın eş dizimli olduğu ekler, yer aldığı sözdizimsel yapılar ve kodladığı anlamlar bu olguyu doğrulamaktadır.

Diğer taraftan Kaşkay Türkçesinde -(y)AsI eki geniş zaman işlevinde başka bir deyişle odaksıllık içermeyen ve her zaman gerçekleşen olayların aktarımında da kullanılmıştır.
KÜLTÜR BAĞININ BİR GÖSTERGESİ: “UÇRAŞKANDA” ŞİİRİ
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Rıdvan
Published: August 2021

Modern Uygur Türk edebiyatı ve Türkiye Türk edebiyatı ortak bir kültürel kaynaktan beslenmiştir. Ancak bu iki edebiyat aynı zamanda kendilerine özgü bazı yerel özellikler de göstermektedirler. Bu edebiyatların ürünü olan bazı eserlerde ise, hem ortak kültür öğelerini hem de yerel öğeleri bir arada bulabiliriz. İncelememizin konusu olan “uçraşkanda” şiiri bunun güzel bir örneğidir.

Günümüz Uygur edebiyatının önemli temsilcilerinden Abdurehim Tileşup Ötkür’ün 1947 yılında kaleme aldığı “uçraşkanda” şiiri, ilk örneğini Divanü Lügati’t–Türk’te gördüğümüz “müşaare (deyişme)” tarzındadır. Şiir; yaklaşık bin yıllık bir geleneğin devam etmekte olduğunun ve iki bölge arasındaki kültürel bağın kopmadığının bir göstergesidir.

Abdurehim Tileşup Ötkür’ün “Uçraşkanda” şiirini, Erzurumlu Emrah’ın “yok yok” adlı şiirinden hareketle yazdığı görülmektedir. Bu makalede iki şiir arasındaki ilişki ve benzerlikler tespit edilerek değerlendirmeler yapılmıştır.
ABDÜLHAK HÂMİD TARHAN’IN PARİS YAŞAMININ DİVÂNELİKLERİM YAHUT BELDE ADLI ESERİNE YANSIMALARI
Authors: SOYDAŞ Hakan
Published: August 2021

Yenileşme devri Türk edebiyatı, kökü XVIII. yüzyıla uzanan ve edebiyat sahasındaki olgun meyvalarını XIX. yüzyılda vermeye başlayan bir yönelişin sonucudur. Avrupa düşünce dünyasına ve estetik değerlerine doğru bir dikkatin gün geçtikçe güçlenmesiyle birlikte, Osmanlı sanatkârı da çeviri faaliyetleriyle ve taklitle başlayan yenileşme denemelerini edebî eserlerin muhteva ve biçim özelliklerinde yenilikler aramak suretiyle tatbik etmeye çalışmıştır.Tanzimat sonrasında edebiyat sahasında temayüz eden sanatkârlardan Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, tiyatro eserleri ve şiirleri ile Batı etkisinde gelişmekte olan Türk edebiyatının velut isimleri arasında yer alır. Bu çalışmada Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan’ın Divâneliklerim Yahut Belde adlı eserindeki şiirleri incelenmiştir. Sefahatlerle dolu bir yaşam tarzına sahip olan ve resmî görevi icabı Paris’te bulunduğu yıllardaki hatıralarından oluşan şiirleri, mizacına ve hayatına ışık tutan diğer eserleri ekseninde değerlendirilmiştir. Irsiyetten, yetiştiği çevreden ve okuma kültüründen beslenen ihtirasların yönlendirdiği muhteris şairin ilgili şiirlerinde Paris’te yaşanan zevk ve sefa dolu hatıraların izleri görülür. Bu çalışmayla, şairin mizacını şekillendiren kaynaklar ve şahsına münhasır duyuş özellikleri ile nazmedilen şiirlerinde, Paris hayatının yansımaları değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
ÖLÜME KARŞI BİR FERYAT, ESİZ ÜZERİNE
Authors: OKUTAN DAVLETOV Nükhet
Published: August 2021

Yenisey yazıtları, mezar şiiri geleneğinin özgün örneklerini temsil etmesi sebebiyle Türk halkları için olduğu kadar dünya kültür mirası için de mühimdir. Bu yazıtların hemen hepsinde görülen esiz kelimesi hakkında bugüne dek yapılan çalışmalarda birkaç farklı görüş ileri sürülmüş, ancak kelimenin asıl anlamı üzerinde bir görüş birliğine varılamamıştır. Bu çalışmada ise söz konusu kelimenin kökeni hakkında yeni bir açıklama yapılmaya çalışılmış ve Güney Sibirya bölgesine özgü bir ünlem olarak kabul gören esiz’in esas anlamının yine bu bölgede, ilgili yazıtları bırakan Yenisey Kırgızlarının torunları ve kültürel mirasçıları olan Hakasların dilinde tespit edilebileceği savunulmuştur. Bu amaçla literatür taraması yoluyla ulaşılan bilgiler, Hakas Cumhuriyeti'nde yürütülen alan araştırmasından elde edilen verilerle de desteklenmiştir.
CÜZCÂN BEYLERİ: FERÎGÛNÎLER 250-401/864-1010
Authors: AKKUŞ Mustafa , ZEKİ İzzetullah
Published: August 2021

Ferîgûnîler, 278-401/892-1010 yılları arasında bugünkü Kuzey Afganistan’da bulunan Cüzcan’da hüküm süren yarı bağımsız bir Türk hanedanıdır. Sâmânîler ve Gaznelilerle siyasî ve ailevî ilişkiler kuran Ferîgûnîler, barış yanlısı tutumları ve akıllı siyasetleri sayesinde uzun bir süre bölgedeki mevcudiyetlerini korumayı başardılar. Ferîgûnîlerin sınırları kuzeyden Âmu Derya, güneyden Garcistân, Gûr ve Talikân’a kadar uzanmaktaydı. Gûr’da hüküm süren Gûr Şah, Ferîgûnîlere bağlıydı. Ferîgûn’un sülalesi hakkında bilinen yegâne bilgi Utbî’nin aktardığı hicri üçüncü asırda Ferîgûn Ribatı etrafında yaşayan hanedan olmalarıdır. Dönemin kaynaklarında hanedan emîri olarak yedi kişiden söz edilmekte olup 250/864 yılında hanedanın başında olan ve kurucusu olduğu düşünülen Ferîgûn hakkında fazla bilgi bulunmamaktadır.

Ferîgûn’un vefatından sonra oğlu Ahmed, 279-340/892-951 yılları arasında hanedanı idare etti. Ahmed, 287/900 yılında Saffârî Emiri Amr b. Leys tarafından Sâmânî Hükümdarı İsmail’e karşı set oluşturmak üzere Belh’e vali olarak gönderildi. Hanedanın üçüncü emiri Ebü’l-Hâris Muhammed b. Ahmed’dir. İlim ve ulemayı seven bir emir olan Ebü’l-Hâris Muhammed’e 372/982 yılında anonim “Hudûdü’l-Âlem mine’l-Maşrik-i ile’l-Mağrib” adlı eser takdim edildi. Gaznelilerle iyi münasebetleri olan Ebü’l-Hâris Muhammed’in ardından Ebü’l-Hâris Ahmed b. Muhammed ve Ferîgûn b. Muhammed geçti. Uzun sürmeyen Ferîgûn’un döneminden sonra aynı yıl içinde kardeşi Ebû Nasr Muhammed b. Ebü’l-Hâris Muhammed b. Ahmed b. Ferîgûn, yönetimin başına geçerek Gaznelilerle ailevî ve dostane ilişkilerini sürdürdü. Ferîgûnîlerin son emiri 399/1008 yılında Gazneli Mahmud’la Hindistan’a giderek Bhim Nagar savaşına katılan Hasan b. Ebû Nasr Ahmed’dir. Ferîgûnîler barış yanlısı, ilim ve ulemayı himaye eden bir hanedandı. Hanedan mensupları ulema ile istişare eder, meclislerinde edip ve şairlere yer verir, onlarla sohbet etmekten haz duyarlardı. Onlar halka karşı adaletli tutumları ve hüsnü muameleleriyle haklı bir şöhret kazandılar. Şair Seâlebî, Bedîuzzaman el-Hemedanî, Ebü’l-Feth Büstî, Ebû Bekir Muhammed b. Abbas Hârizmî, Ebû Nasr Abdülcebbar Utbî gibi ulemanın eserlerinde Ferîgûnîlerden övgüyle bahsettikleri görülmektedir. Ayrıca bu çalışmada Ferîgûnîlerin Türk bölgesi Türkistan’ın yerli Türk halkından oldukları üzerine durulmuştur. Temel kaynakların aksine bazı muasır İranlı araştırmacıların duygusallıkla Ferîgûnîlerin Fars olarak tanıtmalarının herhangi bir dayanağının olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Hanedan emirlerinin sayısı ve sırası çalışmanın ikinci sorunu olarak görülmüş, toplamda yedi emirin hanedanın başına geldikleri kanaati ortaya koyulmuştur.
ZONGULDAK SAİNT GENEVİÉVE KIZ VE SAİNT BARBE ERKEK FRANSIZ OKULLARI
Authors: ÇALIŞKAN Tuğba
Published: August 2021

Sanayi Devrimi’nin gerçekleşmesinin ardından sanayileşen devletlerin en büyük ihtiyaçlarından biri enerjiyi sağlayacak hammadde idi. Osmanlı coğrafyası dünya ticaret yolları üzerindeki stratejik konumu ve sanayi için başta gelen kömür ve diğer yer altı zenginlikleri ile dikkatleri üzerine çekiyordu. Sanayileşmiş devletler Osmanlı Devleti’nin sahip olduğu hammaddelerden ve özellikle kömür madeninden yararlanmak amacıyla aralarında ciddi bir rekabete girişmişlerdi. Fransız sermayedarlar da Zonguldak da ki kömürden yararlanabilmek için 1896 yılında Zonguldak liman ve rıhtımını yapmak amacıyla bu havzaya girdiler.

Zonguldak’ın iktisadi ve idari bakımdan gelişmesiyle birlikte, gayrimüslim ve yabancı unsurları da içerisinde barındıran bölge nüfusunda ciddi bir artış meydana gelmiştir. Şirket çalışanlarının aileleriyle beraber burada yaşamlarını kurmaları da okul ihtiyacını doğurmuştur. Bu nedenle Fransızlar Zonguldak’ta, biri kız biri de erkek olmak üzere iki okul açmışlardır. Bu okullar iktisadi yönden kömür şirketlerine bağlı olup, başlarında birer rahip bulunmaktaydı. Dini eğitim veren ve yerel halk tarafından hoş karşılanmayan bu iki okul, Cumhuriyet döneminde denetim altına alınmaya çalışılmıştır. Ancak hiç de hoş karşılanmayacak olaylar yaşanmıştır. Fakat okul öğrenci azlığı nedeniyle faaliyetlerini sona erdirmiştir. Neticede Fransızlar Zonguldak’ta, başta liman ve kömür işletmeleri daha sonra misyonerlik faaliyetlerini icra edebildikleri okullar gibi kamusal kuruluşlar ile kendilerine bir nüfuz alanı yaratmaya çalışmışlardır.
Atendimento aos alunos com necessidades especiais no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Madeira Di Beneditto Ana Paula , Abreu Pestana Inácio
Published: August 2021

Este estudo realiza diagnóstico quantitativo do atendimento aos alunos com necessidades especiais na rede pública de ensino do Rio de Janeiro. As questões do estudo foram avaliar se há relação entre IDH-M e IDEB e a atenção que as escolas dedicam aos alunos, e avaliar se há variação nessa atenção devido à localização ou número de habitantes do município. A medida de atenção foi a densidade de alunos por sala de atendimento educacional especializado – AEE. O IDH-M e o IDEB não explicaram o grau de atenção aos alunos (R² < 0,01; p > 0,34). Ao se agrupar os municípios por Região de Governo e número de habitantes não houve diferença significativa (p > 0,05). Os resultados indicaram superlotação das salas de AEE na maioria dos casos (≥ 25 alunos). Sugere-se a utilização de dados do Censo Escolar e Censo Demográfico para projetar a necessidade futura de AEE de cada município.
Formação docente no modelo realista-reflexivo
Authors: Rodrigues-Silva Jefferson , Alsina Ángel
Published: August 2021

Este artigo explora a formação docente no modelo realista-reflexivo com o objetivo de aproximá-lo ao contexto lusófono. Trata-se de uma abordagem neo-vygotskiana de construção colaborativa dos conhecimentos descritivo e normativo em simbiose com a prática, por meio da reflexão crítica cíclica autorregulada: consideram-se as experiências e os conhecimentos prévios, o sistema de crenças e os valores. Apresenta-se as principais características do modelo realista-reflexivo, as etapas de desconstrução, co-construção e reconstrução, os ciclos reflexivos, as marcas de autorregulação, e ferramentas como rubrica guia e de verificação da aprendizagem, além de relatos de casos práticos da Espanha e dos Países Baixos. Concluiu-se que os membros da Comunidade de Países de Língua Portuguesa (CPLP), em específico o Brasil, podem ser beneficiados com formação de professores no prisma realista-reflexivo, sobretudo, na modalidade de Educação a Distância, e por ser um campo pertinente que precisa ser mais intensamente pesquisado e praticado.
A epistemologia de Johannes Hessen e a gnosiologia de Paulo Freire
Authors: Klein Sabrina Gabriela , Muenchen Cristiane
Published: August 2021

Este trabalho apresenta uma construção teórica-epistemológica, fundamentada na epistemologia de Hessen e na gnosiologia de Freire, no contexto de um olhar para a perspectiva curricular da Abordagem Temática. O objetivo da análise é proporcionar embasamento teórico para compreender o processo de apreensão de temas nessa perspectiva e, dessa forma, contribuir com a elaborações de práticas pedagógicas. A epistemologia de Hessen fornece elementos para compreender o processo de interação entre sujeito e objeto. A gnosiologia de Freire permite uma ampliação do olhar pedagógico sobre o processo didático, necessária para que a apreensão ocorra. As análises permitem inferir que o processo de apreensão de temas ocorre por meio da interação entre professores, estudantes, cientistas (sujeitos do conhecimento) com o tema (objeto do conhecimento) proveniente da realidade. A interação entre sujeitos e objetos ocorre através de processos didático-pedagógicos interdisciplinares, dialógicos e problematizadores que deve garantir a apreensão do significado e interpretação dos temas por parte dos alunos.