bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About managing the number of simultaneously functioning software robots of different types
Authors: Zuev A. S. , Leonov D. A.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The study sets out to justify the relevance and investigate approaches for solving the problem of managing the number of simultaneously functioning software robots of various types under conditions of limited computational resources and changes in sets of executable tasks.Methods. A proposed solution is based on models and methods of scenario management, linear programming, inventory management, queuing theory, and machine learning. The described methods are valid for different compositions and preconditions for generating initial data, as well as ensuring the relevance horizons of the obtained solutions.Results. The initial data is obtained via the presented approach for determining the computational resource parameters for operating a single software robot. The resources are determined by analyzing the composition of the software and information services used by an actual software robot. Problem statements and mathematical models are developed for cases involving scenario management and linear programming methods. Methods for real-time management of the number of software robots and their sequential local optimization are proposed based on the abovementioned solution sequences. The developed method for generating statistical data based the results of applying the sequential local optimization method is used to identify deficient and non-deficient computational resources. Some results of working in the multi-functional center of RTU MIREA software robots developed on the Аtоm.RITA platform are outlined.Conclusions. The emerging problem of managing the number of simultaneously operating software robots of various types for cases involving scenario control methods and linear programming is formalized. This problem is relevant in the field of automation of business processes of organizations. The use of mathematical methods for solving this problem opens up opportunities for expanding the functional capabilities of robotic process automation platforms, as well as increasing their economic efficiency to create competitive advantages by optimizing the use of IT infrastructure components.
Principles of construction of nanosatellite radar systems based on global navigation satellite system reflectometry
Authors: Ksendzuk A. V. , Fateev V. F.
Published: August 2024

Objectives. The development of radar remote sensing systems based on the reception of signals of navigation satellite systems reflected from the surface enables a constellation of nanosatellites to be deployed, in order to perform radar surveying of the Earth’s surface. The aim of this work is to develop the principles of construction of onboard bistatic remote sensing systems on nanosatellites, in order to assess the energy potential and possibilities for its increase.Methods. The optimal processing method in onboard bistatic radar systems is a development of known analytical methods of optimal processing in monostatic systems. The calculation of the energy potential is based on the experimental data obtained by other authors.Results. The utilization of signals from navigation satellite systems for surface sensing is a promising and developing area. The USA and China have deployed satellite constellations to perform remote sensing using reflected signals of navigation satellites. An algorithm for optimal processing in such systems, which realizes the principle of aperture synthesis, was developed, and the energy potential of bistatic synthetic aperture radar was calculated. In order to achieve this processing, the proposed scheme uses a standard navigation receiver to form reference signals.Conclusions. The application of optimal processing methods in bistatic radar enables a synthetic aperture based on scattered satellite navigation system signals. In order to improve the accuracy of estimates, the signal-to-noise ratio needs to be increased by combining coherent accumulation (aperture synthesis) and incoherent accumulation (aggregating measurements from different spacecraft). The signal processing methods and receiver structure proposed in this work onboard nanosatellites allow aperture synthesis to be achieved with realizable hardware requirements.
Cyberattacks: An Attempt to Obtain a Multidimensional Awareness Indicator
Authors: Bruggemann Rainer , Koppatz Peter , Carlsen Lars , Scholl Margit
Published: August 2024

Cybersecurity is playing an increasing role in society today. Private individuals and small to medium-sized enterprises often do not have the staffing capacity to install their information security team, including IT administrators, who could protect the enterprise against cyberattacks. A crucial step toward improving the company’s defenses against cyberattacks is to increase the information security awareness of all employees. The present study focuses on a method defining a multidimensional awareness indicator applying Rasch and partial order methodology. The method is designed to suggest in a graphic form how awareness can be “sharpened” in the company through a multidimensional awareness indicator, derived from questionnaires. A two-step procedure is presented, involving the analysis of questionnaires and, subsequently, displaying an awareness indicator.
PERAN GURU DALAM MEMAKSIMALKAN POTENSI SISWA TUNAGRAHITA PADA PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SLB NEGERI KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Nornadia  , Atsnan Muh. Fajaruddin , Ony Resi Juliantina , Hamidah Wanda , Raudah  , Muslihah  , Badilah  , Muhamad Sabirin  , Gazali Rahmita Yuliana
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi peran guru dalam memaksimalkan potensi siswa tunagrahita pada pembelajaran matematika di SLB Negeri Kota Banjarbaru. Menggunakan metode kualitatif, data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, dan analisis dokumen. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah guru kelas, guru mata pelajaran matematika, guru pendamping siswa tunagrahita. Sedangkan objek penelitian ini adalah bagaimana peran guru mata pelajaran matematika dalam memaksimalkan potensi siswa tunagrahita pada pembelajaran matematika. Data dianalisis secara kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa guru berperan penting dalam mengidentifikasi kebutuhan individu siswa dan menerapkan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai, seperti penggunaan alat bantu visual dan pendekatan multisensori. Guru juga berfungsi sebagai motivator yang meningkatkan kepercayaan diri dan partisipasi siswa. Dukungan orangtua dan kolaborasi dengan tenaga ahli menjadi faktor pendukung yang penting. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendekatan holistik dan kolaboratif merupakan kunci dalam memaksimalkan potensi siswa tunagrahita dalam pembelajaran matematika.
Histopathological Analysis of Gastrointestinal Polyps: A Yearlong Study at a Tertiary Care Center
Authors: Soni Sarita , Sharma Saurabh , Bhindiya K. , Jamwal Aditya , Kaul Rashmi
Published: August 2024

This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care institute from January to December 2023. The study aimed to evaluate the range of histological characteristics seen in gastrointestinal polyps. By employing Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stained slides, a total of 62 cases were examined in order to categorise polyps according to age, gender, location, and histological type. The results indicated that adenomatous polyps were primarily located in the large intestine, while hyperplastic polyps were more prevalent in the stomach. Additional forms that were detected include hamartomatous, juvenile, fundic gland, inflammatory fibroid, fibroepithelial, retention polyps, and a single case of familial polyposis coli. The study observed a male-to-female ratio of 0.9:1, with the highest number of cases occurring in the age bracket of 61-70. The findings emphasize the significance of differentiating between neoplastic and non-neoplastic polyps, especially because neoplastic polyps can progress through an adenoma-carcinoma sequence.
Keywords: Gastrointestinal polyps, adenomatous polyp, hyperplastic polyp
Futurium. Lernort
Authors: Rohwerder Jan
Published: August 2024

Lernort Futurium, Berlin, weiter bilden, Ausgabe 1/2024
101 consejos para una jubilación satisfactoria. Aportaciones científicas y su aplicación práctica
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Aguilera Velasco María de los Ángeles , Acosta Fernández Martín , Pozos Radillo Blanca Elizabeth
Published: August 2024

Hasta hace unos años, en pleno siglo XXI, aún se consideraba la jubilación como una expulsión del mercado de trabajo, y estar jubilado significaba no tener nada importante o con valor social qué hacer en la vida. Afortunadamente, ahora los jubilados son un grupo de personas con muchos años por delante, en general con buenas condiciones de salud, que son muy útiles para la sociedad. El propósito de este libro es ofrecer una gama de posibilidades para que las personas jubiladas o que pronto se jubilarán, logren vivir con satisfacción en esta nueva etapa de su vida. También es útil para los familiares, empleadores y gestores de las políticas gubernamentales, así como para todos los interesados en la temática de la jubilación y su relación con la felicidad.
Postcolonial Poetics: We Are All Birds of Uganda (2021)
Authors: Jarrar Sana' Mahmoud
Published: August 2024

The paper addresses all facets of post-colonialism in Hafsa Zayyan's We Are All Birds of Uganda (2021). The paper purports to delineate the analysis of identity conflict and racism in the novel using a postcolonial perspective. In this paper, the descriptive qualitative method was drawn upon. The postcolonial issues found in this novel are identity conflict, exile, ambivalence, alienation, racism, binarism, and marginalization. The study weaves together and examines the effects of post-colonialism on Indians in two major countries: Uganda and the United Kingdom. As a result, the article aims to examine the novel's marrow from a postcolonial perspective as well as give examples from the novel illustrating the use of postcolonial elements such as memory, identity, otherness, ambivalence, nationalism, space/place, diaspora, hybridity, unbelonging. The paper is significant because it invites Western societies to change their arrogant superiority beliefs based on racial rationales. This paper will explore all the tunnels of post-colonialism in Hafsa Zayyan's We Are All Birds of Uganda (2021). The themes concern identity conflict, racism, and hybridity. The results of the study show how racism and discrimination affect the formulation and perpetuation of postcolonial identity. The study recommends that instilling acceptance, tolerance, and love rather than hatred toward one another is the simplest way to eradicate racism.
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN BERBAHASA MENGGUNAKAN METODE KOMPARASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 48 KOTA TERNATE
Authors: Nurharyanto Dwi Widyastuti , Abdy Iwan
Published: August 2024

Penelitian ini dilatar belakangi oleh masalah kurangnya keterampilan berbahasa dengan fokus membaca mata Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 48 Kota Ternate. Tujuan yang ingin dicapai melalui penelitian ini yaitu meningkatkan keterampilan berbahasa dengan fokus membaca pada siswa kelas IV SD Negeri 48 Kota Ternate, siswa mampu memahami dan mengidentifikasi isi teks bacaan serta menyajikan ulang informasi yang didapat dari teks bacaan tersebut menggunakan kalimat sediri dengan baik. Penelitian ini menjadi bagian dalam Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK), yang dilakukan pada siswa kelas IV SDN Negeri 48 Kota Ternate melalui metode komparasi atau perbandingan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) pada siklus I dan Direct Learning pada siklus II. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan model pembelajaran Contextual Teaching And Learning (CTL) mampu meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa khususnya pada mata Pelajaran bahasa Indonesia kelas IV. Hal ini terbukti dari data hasil belajar 25 orang siswa pada pra siklus dengan ketuntasan 11 orang siswa (44%), siklus I dengan ketuntasan 23 orang siswa (92%), siklus II dengan ketuntasan 19 orang siswa (76%). Kata Kunci: keterampilan berbahasa, kemampuan membaca, model pembelajaran
Comprehensive Analysis of the Contributing Factors to the Hearing Abilities of Patients With Vestibular Schwannoma
Authors: Choi Jung Ho , An Yong-Hwi , Yoon Ra Gyoung , Shim Hyun Joon
Published: August 2024

Background and Objectives This study aimed to comprehensively assess the factors influencing hearing ability in patients with vestibular schwannoma, focusing on tumor size, location, primary complaint, and contralateral hearing threshold.Subjects and Method This was a retrospective analysis of 50 patients diagnosed with vestibular schwannoma by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at Nowon Eulji Medical Center. Tumor size and location were evaluated using a 3-T MRI system, and pure-tone threshold and speech discrimination were retrieved. To investigate the relationship between tumor size and hearing, we conducted a multiple regression analysis with several variables, including tumor size, tumor location, patient age, and gender.Results When patients were categorized into groups according to their primary complaint at initial presentation, no significant differences were observed in pure tone thresholds but different speech discrimination were detected among the groups. When patients were classified according to the tumor location, the extrameatal group exhibited lower pure-tone thresholds and higher speech discrimination scores than the intrameatal group. Multiple regression analysis indicated that differences in pure tone thresholds and speech discrimination scores between affected and unaffected sides were more pronounced in cases with smaller tumor sizes and extrameatal tumor locations, emphasizing the greater impact of location over size.Conclusion Using both tumor size and location, it is possible to predict the differences in pure-tone thresholds and speech discrimination between the affected and unaffected sides. Extrameatal invasion of the tumor appears to be the most important factor among them.
A Case of a Huge Facial Hematoma During Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Kim Jae Hyun , Jang Jae Won , Suk Sang Hyok , Lee Tae-Hoon
Published: August 2024

The posterior superior alveolar artery (PSAA) is a branch of the maxillary artery that supplies blood to the lateral wall of the sinus and the overlying membrane. It is located in the lateroposterior wall of the maxillary sinus and is almost intra-osseous, making surgeries there challenging for the risk of injury during routine endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Indeed, there is approximately 20% risk of damage in situations such as Le Fort I fracture surgery, maxillary sinus expansion, removal of lesions and inflammation in the maxillary sinus, surgical procedures involving orthognathic surgery and dental implant treatment, as well as in occurrences of fractures and fenestration during surgery, potentially leading to significant bleeding. We present a rare case of facial hematoma due to PASS injury following ESS, with subsequent improvement and no additional complications after treatment.
SISTEM INFORMASI HOME SERVICE DAN PENJUALAN SPARE PARTS MENGGUNAKAN MODEL WATERFALL
Authors: Masturoh Siti , Subagio Heri
Published: August 2024

Yamaha Karya Laba Motor is a company specializing in motorcycle maintenance and parts sales. Despite its services, shortcomings persist such as verbal vehicle inspections upon service intake and manual recording of service queues and parts sales. Issues arise concerning inventory monitoring, particularly when parts are depleted, necessitating time-consuming manual checks that hinder mechanics' efficiency. Additionally, the lack of home service and online parts sales further complicates customer convenience. The development of a Home Service and online parts sales application at Yamaha Karya Laba Motor aims to address these challenges by enhancing operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The application includes features such as transaction management, user administration, parts inventory, reporting, Home Service requests, and online parts sales. These functionalities empower Yamaha Karya Laba Motor employees to efficiently monitor parts availability and generate transaction reports. Simultaneously, customers benefit from streamlined processes, saving time and ensuring convenience. This study underscores the transformative impact of digital solutions in improving operational workflows and enhancing service.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND DRUG INTERACTION TOOLS: A PERSPECTIVE WITH THE EXAMPLE OF CLOPIDOGREL
Authors: Aksoyalp Zinnet Şevval , Erdoğan Betül Rabia
Published: August 2024

Objective: The study aims to compare the ability of free artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots to detect drug interactions with freely available drug interaction tools, using clopidogrel as an example.
Material and Method: The Lexicomp database was used as a reference to determine drug interactions with clopidogrel. ChatGPT-3.5 AI and Bing AI were selected as the free AI chatbots. Medscape Drug Interaction Checker, DrugBank Drug Interaction Checker and Epocrates Interaction Check were selected as free drug interaction tools. Accuracy score and comprehensiveness score were calculated for each drug interaction tool and AI chatbots. The kappa coefficient was calculated to assess inter-source agreement for interaction severity.
Result and Discussion: The results most similar to those of Lexicomp were obtained from the DrugBank and the ChatGPT-3.5 AI chatbot. The ChatGPT-3.5 AI chatbot performed best, with 69 correct results and an accuracy score of 307. ChatGPT-3.5 AI has the highest overall score of 387 points for accuracy and comprehensiveness. In addition, the highest kappa coefficient with Lexicomp was found for ChatGPT-3.5 AI chatbot (0.201, fair agreement). However, some of the results obtained by ChatGPT-3.5 AI need to be improved as they are incorrect/inadequate. Therefore, information obtained using AI tools should not be used as a reference for clinical applications by healthcare professionals and patients should not change their treatment without consulting doctor.
The Efforts to Improve the Seaworthiness at the Port Authority and Harbourmaster Office (KSOP) of Bima Class IV
Authors: Putra Bimantara Rangga Ramadhan , Haryani Haryani , Purnomo Budi , Tri Wahyuni Eni
Published: August 2024

Seaworthiness is essential because it impacts maritime operations' safety, efficiency, and sustainability. Therefore, the Harbormaster and Port Authority Office (KSOP) ensures ship seaworthiness to maintain naval safety, protect the environment, and ensure smooth port operations. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method to investigate and describe a phenomenon. The data was obtained by observation and a deep literature review of the problems discussed. The research found that: 1) several problems that often arise regarding ship seaworthiness are the ship's technical condition, management and operations, environmental factors, compliance with regulations, market conditions, and competition. 2) efforts to improve seaworthiness carried out by KSOP Bima are routine inspections and certification, increasing human resources, operational supervision, developing port infrastructure, applying advanced technology, collaborating and coordinating with related agencies, strict law enforcement, education, and outreach, and developing emergency procedures. 3) The security and safety conditions of ships entering and leaving the Bima Port KSOP require continued attention and effort. From this study, they implement strict regulations, use advanced technology, improve infrastructure, conduct continuous training, and collaborate strongly with related agencies. KSOP Bima can ensure that ships operating in its area meet seaworthiness standards, supporting safe and efficient port operations.
Impact of thermal treatment on the properties of assacú (Hura crepitans L.) and murici (Byrsonima crispa A.Juss.) Amazon woods
Authors: Leite Abner Silva , Do Nascimento Cristiano Souza , De Almeida Cruz Irineide , De Oliveira Marivone Souza , De Araújo Roberto Daniel , Do Nascimento Claudete Catanhede , Higuchi Niro
Published: August 2024

Background: White and low-density Amazon woods, such as assacú (Hura crepitans L.) and murici (Byrsonima crispa A.Juss.), have restricted use, given their low physical-mechanical strength and low natural durability. Physicochemical changes caused by heat treatment can improve different quality traits of these woods, such as changing the visual appearance from white to brown tones, improving dimensional stability, moisture control, and resistance to attack from biological organisms.
Methods: Assacú and murici wood samples were heat treated (180 and 220°C) for 60 minutes in a muffle kiln. The physical (moisture, mass loss, density, shrinkage, swelling), mechanical (dynamic modulus of elasticity), and chemical (extractives, solubility in hot water, lignin, and holocellulose) properties were evaluated following treatment and compared with those measured before treatment.
Results: The heat treatments T2 (180°C) and T3 (220°C) reduced the moisture content; however, the T3 treatment caused a more intense mass loss. For murici wood, this mass loss was 14%. The anisotropy coefficient was reduced for assacú wood by 1.30 and 1.03% for the T2 and T3 treatments, respectively, improving the dimensional stability of this wood. The density and modulus of elasticity were affected by the treatment, thus reducing the strength of the wood. The extractive content of the woods increased by 4.99 and 7.49% for sampled of assacú and murici, respectively, that were treated at 220°C. For the primary metabolites, holocellulose and lignin, degradation of these compounds occurred due to the decrease in their concentrations. The linear analysis of the studied variables indicated a high correlation between the physical properties and the chemical components of the woods (e.g., anisotropy coefficient x lignin and holocellulose x apparent density, r > 0.95).
Conclusions: The heat treatment of Amazon woods directly influenced their physical-mechanical and chemical properties. In general, the higher temperature treatment caused the greatest changes in the studied species, and the exposure to heat caused noticeable changes in their colour. Heat treatment is a useful process for the forestry sector since heat-treated wood can be used to manufacture high-value-added products, such as fine furniture, residential floors, musical instruments, and non-structural components.
KCTD17-mediated Ras stabilization promotes hepatocellular carcinoma progression
Authors: Jung Young Hoon , Lee Yun Ji , Dao Tam , Jung Kyung Hee , Yu Junjie , Oh Ah-Reum , Jeong Yelin , Gi HyunJoon , Kim Young Un , Ryu Dongryeol , Carrer Michele , Pajvani Utpal B. , Lee Sang Bae , Hong Soon-Sun , Kim KyeongJin
Published: August 2024

Background/Aims: Potassium channel tetramerization domain containing 17 (KCTD17) protein, an adaptor for the cullin3 (Cul3) ubiquitin ligase complex, has been implicated in various human diseases; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains elusive. Here, we aimed to elucidate the clinical features of KCTD17, and investigate the mechanisms by which KCTD17 affects HCC progression.Methods: We analyzed transcriptomic data from patients with HCC. Hepatocyte-specific KCTD17 deficient mice were treated with diethylnitrosamine (DEN) to assess its effect on HCC progression. Additionally, we tested KCTD17-directed antisense oligonucleotides for their therapeutic potential in vivo.Results: Our investigation revealed the upregulation of KCTD17 expression in both tumors from patients with HCC and mouse models of HCC, in comparison to non-tumor controls. We identified the leucine zipper-like transcriptional regulator 1 (Lztr1) protein, a previously identified Ras destabilizer, as a substrate for KCTD17-Cul3 complex. KCTD17-mediated Lztr1 degradation led to Ras stabilization, resulting in increased proliferation, migration, and wound healing in liver cancer cells. Hepatocyte-specific KCTD17 deficient mice or liver cancer xenograft models were less susceptible to carcinogenesis or tumor growth. Similarly, treatment with KCTD17-directed antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in a mouse model of HCC markedly lowered tumor volume as well as Ras protein levels, compared to those in control ASO-treated mice.Conclusions: KCTD17 induces the stabilization of Ras and downstream signaling pathways and HCC progression and may represent a novel therapeutic target for HCC.
Inštitucionalizácia historického výskumu na Univerzite Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach do začiatku normalizácie
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Filčáková Miriama
Published: August 2024

Among the most significant manifestations of the expansion of tertiary education in the post-war period were the massification and regionalisation of education. The post-war development of regional centres escalated the process of expansion of the intellectual base and institutionalisation of academic disciplines. The idea for their establishment came from the initiative of the cities themselves. The paper aims to analyze and synthesize the process of specialization and profiling of the institutional base of historical research in Eastern Slovakia in the 1950s and 1960s. This process was characterised by a number of organisational and social changes and was represented by many important personalities who directly influenced it and became an essential part of Slovak historiography.
Crossroads in Mathematics Games: Integrating Indigenous and Exotic Games
Authors: Tangkur Michael , Ali Clement Ayarebilla
Published: August 2024

In numerous countries and higher education institutions, the significance of indigenous games in mathematics education is highly recognized. Nonetheless, the increasing preference for exotic games has placed indigenous mathematics teachers in a challenging position. This research aimed to examine the awareness and understanding of mathematics teachers regarding indigenous games amidst this competition. Initially, the study employed a phenomenological approach, targeting 200 teachers but randomly selecting a sample of 70 for the quantitative phase. Subsequently, the qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews and observation checklists with five teachers to explore the issue further. The collected data was systematically coded and thematically analyzed, focusing on teachers' knowledge, misconceptions, and potential solutions. The findings revealed that some teachers had greater knowledge of indigenous games than exotic ones. Conversely, other teachers believed that exotic games facilitated faster learning outcomes. This divergence created a significant dilemma in choosing indigenous games for mathematics instruction. Despite the popularity of games like draft, playing cards, snake-and-ladder, and Ludo, the teachers ultimately recognized that Indigenous games such as biloo, bilore, gollaa, and mullaa provided superior learning outcomes. Therefore, stakeholders were recommended to revamp mathematics curricula to incorporate indigenous games more effectively.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN REPRESENTASI MATEMATIS SISWA KELAS VII DI SMP IT DAARUL ISTIQLAL MARINDAL I DALAM MENGERJAKAN SOAL MATEMATIKA
Authors: Syachrani Siti
Published: August 2024

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan bagaimana kemampuan representasi matematis yang dimiliki siswa SMP kelas VII dalam mengerjakan soal matematika. Sebanyak 3 siswa yang dijadikan subjek dalam penelitian ini. Ketiga siswa tersebut mewakili siswa dengan kemampuan tinggi, sedang dan rendah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan tes dan wawancara sebagai teknik pengumpulan datanya. Siswa dengan kategori kemampuan tinggi sudah memenuhi keseluruhan indikator representasi matematis visual dan kata-kata, namun belum dapat memenuhi indicator kemampuan representasi simbolik. Siswa dengan kemampuan sedang dan rendah belum mampu memenuhi indicator kemampuan representasi matematis simbolik dan kata-kata secara keseluruhan, namun sudah dapat memenuhi indicator kemampuan representasi visual.
An Islamic Late Antiquity? Problems and Perspectives
Authors: Borrut Antoine
Published: August 2024

The inclusion of nascent Islam into a Late Antique framework has become largely conventional. And yet, with a few exceptions, Islamicists have been reluctant to discuss the implications of such an epistemological shift, or have had the tendency to reduce an “Islamic Late Antiquity” to its religious and imperial dimensions. My aim is to question some of the consequences of the inclusion of early Islam into a Late Antique paradigm. In particular, I focus on the reception of Late Antiquity among Islamicists; the limits of late antique Arabia; the vexing issue of historiographical categories; and the cultural significance of the first dynasty of Islam, the Umayyads.
Women's Role in Informal Support Systems: Supporting Families and Creating Communities in Parent and Baby Groups in Scotland
Authors: Lightbody Ruth
Published: August 2024

This article presents findings from two case studies examining the experiences of participants and volunteers in parent/carer and baby groups (playgroups) in Scotland. Through a detailed case study analysis – using participatory observation and a series of semi-structured interviews – this research finds that playgroups: 1) support the development of social capital through long-term connections and sense of belonging and wellbeing; 2) enhance community voluntarism and reciprocity, through capacity building; and 3) develop the skills and confidence of their members related to child development through knowledge exchange and storytelling. It is further contended that despite playgroups importance to the social fabric and contribution to other positive social outcomes, these groups, and the women that run them, have been marginalised as researchers focus attention on more formal early years’ education and child development. This research highlights an important gap in knowledge and focus from social scientists on informal settings and women’s invisible labour, which take place every day and in every community in Scotland. The research aims to inform policy and practice on perinatal support and early-years settings in Scotland and more widely.
Photosynthetic productivity of soybean (Glycine max L.) crops under various fertilization options and pre-sowing seed treatment
Authors: Golodna A. , Hrytsiuk Y.
Published: August 2024

The objective of the research is to determine the impact of basic fertilization options, foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizer during critical periods of soy plant development, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal biofertilizer, and mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with a fungicide on the dynamics of dry matter accumulation by the plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the soy crop. Methods. Field (for studying the interaction of the research object with biotic and abiotic factors); morphophysiological (for biological monitoring of productivity elements development during organogenesis stages); statistical (statistical analysis of research results). Results. The article presents research findings on the accumulation of dry matter by soy plants and the net productivity of photosynthesis in the crop across different growth and development stages. Equations have been calculated to establish the relationship between soy seed yield and the indicators of dry mass accumulation by the plants during the pod-filling phase. Conclusions. In modern agricultural practices aimed at achieving maximum seed yield, cultivation technology should include agronomic measures directed towards meeting the biological needs of the plant throughout the vegetation period and reducing the influence of adverse external factors. The highest levels of dry matter accumulation by plants in the study — 26.8–29.2 g/plant, were noted during the pod filling phase in variants with the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilization, sowing seeds treated with mycorrhizal biopreparation and fungicide, and foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the budding and flowering phases. The maximum indicators of net photosynthetic productivity of the crop in the study (8.52–11.29 g/m2×day compared to 5.46 g/m2×day in the absolute control) were observed during the interphase period of flowering and pod filling in variants with N45P45K60 fertilization. For the optimal seed yield of soybean variety Muza observed in the study, the optimal conditions were provided by a cultivation technology involving the application of N15P45K60+N30 fertilizers, pre-sowing seed treatment with mycorrhizal inoculant in combination with fungicide, as well as foliar feeding with organo-mineral fertilizers during the branching or budding phases, when the plants are forming flowers, pods, and seeds within the pods. Through the combination of these agronomic measures, plants accumulate dry matter during the pod filling phase at 25.9–27.4 g/plant, ensuring the net photosynthetic productivity of the crop during this developmental period at 5.60–6.10 g/m2×day, compared to 20.8 g/plant and 5.46 g/m2×day observed in the absolute control, respectively.
Comparison of Maceration and Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Method in Determining Quercetin Content of Clitoria ternatea L. Flowers
Authors: Wardatun Sri , Ahyar Akmal Zainul , Nining Euis
Published: August 2024

Butterfly pea flowers (Clitoria ternatea L.) contain the compound quercetin which has been studied extensively. Butterfly pea flowers have shown various pharmacological activities. The extraction method has an impact on the amount of active compound extracted. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of different extraction methods on quercetin content of C. ternatea L flowers using the High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC).  The HPLC system uses an ODS-3 column stationary phase; a mobile phase mixture of 0.1 % orthophosphoric acid and methanol (36:64); a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min; and a PDA-UV detector. The extraction methods used were maceration, and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) using methanol as a solvent. The results showed that the quercetin content of C. ternatea L flower extract with maceration method results was 1.0669 ± 0.0283 mg/g and with UAE method was 1.3915 ± 0.1789 mg/g. Statistical test results showed that differences in both extraction method did not have a significant effect on quercetin content. However, the UAE method is considered more efficient in terms of extraction time, so the UAE method can be used as an alternative for extracting quercetin from C. ternatea L. flowers.
Civic Involvement and Party Membership in New Democracies: Natural Experimental Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Siow Jeremy
Published: August 2024

Who joins parties in new democracies? Answering this question is crucial given that parties with strong membership are one of the key pillars on which democratic stability rests on. Yet we know little about the factors explaining party membership enrollment in new democracies. This article argues that party membership is strongly affected by individual participation in civic associations. Parties prefer to recruit from civic associations because their members possess larger social networks and the organizational capability to mobilize partisan support. Civic organizational members, in turn, are predisposed to join due to their heightened sense of political efficacy and desire to improve their communities. I find support for this argument through a series of quantitative studies using data from the World Values Survey. By highlighting the edifying effects of civic organizations, the findings have important implications for the role of civil society in promoting political participation and representation in new democracies.
Determining the drivers of sustainable ecotourism destination competitiveness from a supply-side perspective: a case of UNESCO World Heritage Site in Sarawak, Borneo, Malaysia
Authors: Thong Jun Zhou
Published: August 2024

Over the last decade, a new segment of the tourism market has been established following the shift in global visitors’ preferences. Individuals have directed their travel course towards another form of travel, namely ecotourism. Nonetheless, the sustainability and progression of ecotourism destinations are often debated. This study involves local industry players’ perspectives, primarily to identify their perceptions towards the impacts of destination core and supporting resources on destination marketing efforts and destination competitiveness (DC). This study gathered 132 valid responses and the proposed model was evaluated using SmartPLS 4.0. Through partial least squares-structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM), the findings showed that core resources (natural resources and cultural heritage attraction) have substantial positive associations with destination marketing efforts. Supporting resources (tourism infrastructure and quality of tourism services) were found to be significantly and positively associated with DC. Interestingly, this study has revealed the absence of significant relationships between destination marketing efforts and ecotourism DC. These findings enable tourism practitioners to better understand the impacts of resources on sustainable development of ecotourism competitiveness, specifically from suppliers’ perspectives. The implications are further discussed in the paper.
Stochastic optimal control problem of consumption and pension insurance with uncertain lifetime and its application to real-life data
Authors: Terbish Gereltuya , Tserendorj Batsukh , Dorj Nyamsuren , Oirov Tserenbat
Published: August 2024

We consider a continuous-time model of optimal consumption and pension insurance for a consumer with an uncertain lifetime. In the model, the consumer earns a stochastic wage income during her working life and optimally allocates her income between personal consumption, pension insurance, and securities with a deterministic dynamic return. Due to the weak development of the stock market in developing countries, employees' income comes mainly from wages and interest on savings from banks, that are discussed in this paper. The consumer's utility and bequest functions are constant absolute risk aversion (CARA). By characterizing the optimality condition of the consumer's problem using the Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman equation, we find the optimal consumption and pension insurance as a function of wealth in closed form. We consider an application of the model while estimating its key elements using real-life data on age-specific population size, labor income, and interest rates. We show that as the absolute risk aversion for consumption increases, consumption and wealth move in the opposite direction. We also present a novel finding that wealth and consumption can be negatively related across consumers with different levels of consumption risk aversion.
Therapeutic applications of synthetic gene/genetic circuits: a patent review
Authors: Carneiro Diego C. , Rocha Vinícius P. C. , Damasceno Patrícia K. F. , Barbosa Josiane D. V. , Soares Milena B. P.
Published: August 2024

A significant limitation of numerous current genetic engineering therapy approaches is their limited control over the strength, timing, or cellular context of their therapeutic effect. Synthetic gene/genetic circuits are synthetic biology approaches that can control the generation, transformation, or depletion of a specific DNA, RNA, or protein and provide precise control over gene expression and cellular behavior. They can be designed to perform logical operations by carefully selecting promoters, repressors, and other genetic components. Patent search was performed in Espacenet, resulting in 38 selected patents with 15 most frequent international classifications. Patent embodiments were categorized into applications for the delivery of therapeutic molecules, treatment of infectious diseases, treatment of cancer, treatment of bleeding, and treatment of metabolic disorders. The logic gates of selected genetic circuits are described to comprehensively demonstrate their therapeutic applications. Synthetic gene circuits can be customized for precise control of therapeutic interventions, leading to personalized therapies that respond specifically to individual patient needs, enhancing treatment efficacy and minimizing side effects. They can be highly sensitive biosensors that provide real-time therapy by accurate monitoring various biomarkers or pathogens and appropriately synthesizing a therapeutic molecule. Synthetic gene circuits may also lead to the development of advanced regenerative therapies and to implantable biodevices that produce on-demand bioactive molecules. However, this technology faces challenges for commercial profitability. The genetic circuit designs need adjustments for specific applications, and may have disadvantages like toxicity from multiple regulators, homologous recombination, context dependency, resource overuse, and environmental variability.
Advances in magnetic induction hyperthermia
Authors: Zhang Yun-Fei , Lu Mai
Published: August 2024

Magnetic induction hyperthermia (MIH), is a technique that has developed rapidly in recent years in the field of tumor thermotherapy. It implants a magnetic heating medium (millimeter-sized heat seeds, micron-sized magnetic particles and nanometer-sized magnetic fluids, etc.) inside the tumor. The material heats up under the induction of an external alternating magnetic field (100–500 kHz), which causes a high temperature zone to rapidly form in the local biological tissues and induces apoptosis in tumor cells. Magnetic induction hyperthermia has the advantages of high safety, strong targeting, repeatable treatment, and the size of the incision during treatment is negligible compared to surgical resection, and is currently used in clinical treatment. However, the millimeter-scale heat seed heating that is typically used in treatments can result in uneven temperatures within the tissue. Common MIH heating devices are bulky and complex in design, and are not easy for medical staff to get their hands on, which are issues that limit the diffusion of MIH. In this view, this paper will discuss the basic theoretical research on MIH and the progress of MIH-related technologies, with a focus on the latest research and development results and research hotspots of nanoscale ferromagnetic media and magnetic heat therapy devices, as well as the validation results and therapeutic efficacy of the new MIH technology on animal experiments and clinical trials. In this paper, it is found that induction heating using magnetic nanoparticles improves the uniformity of the temperature field, and the magneto-thermal properties of nanoscale ferromagnetic materials are significantly improved. The heating device was miniaturized to simplify the operation steps, while the focusing of the magnetic field was locally enhanced. However, there are fewer studies on the biotoxicity aspects of nanomedicines, and the localized alternating magnetic field uniformity used for heating and the safety of the alternating magnetic field after irradiation of the human body have not been sufficiently discussed. Ultimately, the purpose of this paper is to advance research related to magnetic induction thermotherapy that can be applied in clinical treatment.
Unveiling the kinetic versatility of aryl-alcohol oxidases with different electron acceptors
Authors: Serrano Ana , Cinca-Fernando Paula , Carro Juan , Velázquez-Campoy Adrián , Martínez-Júlvez Marta , Martínez Ángel T. , Ferreira Patricia
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Aryl-alcohol oxidase (AAO) shows a pronounced duality as oxidase and dehydrogenase similar to that described for other glucose-methanol-choline (GMC) oxidase/dehydrogenase superfamily proteins involved in lignocellulose decomposition. In this work, we detail the overall mechanism of AAOs from Pleurotus eryngii and Bjerkandera adusta for catalyzing the oxidation of natural aryl-alcohol substrates using either oxygen or quinones as electron acceptors and describe the crystallographic structure of AAO from B. adusta in complex with a product analogue.

Methods: Kinetic studies with 4-methoxybenzyl and 3-chloro-4- methoxybenzyl alcohols, including both transient-state and steady-state analyses, along with interaction studies, provide insight into the oxidase and dehydrogenase mechanisms of these enzymes. Moreover, the resolution of the crystal structure of AAO from B. adusta allowed us to compare their overall folding and the structure of the active sites of both AAOs in relation to their activities.

Results and Discussion: Although both enzymes show similar mechanistic properties, notable differences are highlighted in this study. In B. adusta, the AAO oxidase activity is limited by the reoxidation of the flavin, while in P. eryngii the slower step takes place during the reductive half-reaction, which determines the overall reaction rate. By contrast, dehydrogenase activity in both enzymes, irrespective of the alcohol participating in the reaction, is limited by the hydroquinone release from the active site. Despite these differences, both AAOs are more efficient as dehydrogenases, supporting the physiological role of this activity in lignocellulosic decay. This dual activity would allow these enzymes to adapt to different environments based on the available electron acceptors.
Presence of fetal microchimerisms in the heart and effect on cardiac repair
Authors: Llorente Vicente , López-Olañeta Marina , Blázquez-López Elena , Vázquez-Ogando Elena , Martínez-García Magdalena , Vaquero Javier , Carmona Susana , Desco Manuel , Lara-Pezzi Enrique , Gómez-Gaviro María Victoria
Published: August 2024

Multiple complex biological processes take place during pregnancy, including the migration of fetal cells to maternal circulation and their subsequent engraftment in maternal tissues, where they form microchimerisms. Fetal microchimerisms have been identified in several tissues; nevertheless, their functional role remains largely unknown. Different reports suggest these cells contribute to tissue repair and modulate the immune response, but they have also been associated with pre-eclampsia and tumor formation. In the maternal heart, cells of fetal origin can contribute to different cell lineages after myocardial infarction. However, the functional role of these cells and their effect on cardiac function and repair are unknown. In this work, we found that microchimerisms of fetal origin are present in the maternal circulation and graft in the heart. To determine their functional role, WT female mice were crossed with male mice expressing the diphtheria toxin (DT) receptor. Mothers were treated with DT to eliminate microchimerisms and the response to myocardial infarction was investigated. We found that removal of microchimerisms improved cardiac contraction in postpartum and post-infarction model females compared to untreated mice, where DT administration had no significant effects. These results suggest that microchimerisms play a detrimental role in the mother following myocardial infarction.