bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of sirtuins in attenuating plaque vulnerability in atherosclerosis
Authors: Velpuri Prathosh , Rai Vikrant , Agrawal Devendra K.
Published: March 2023

Atherosclerosis is characterized by the development of intimal plaque, thrombosis, and stenosis of the vessel lumen causing decreased blood flow and hypoxia precipitating angina. Chronic inflammation in the stable plaque renders it unstable and rupture of unstable plaques results in the formation of emboli leading to hypoxia/ischemia to the organs by occluding the terminal branches and precipitate myocardial infarction and stroke. Such delibitating events could be controlled by the strategies that prevent plaque development or plaque stabilization. Despite the use of statins to stabilize plaques, there is a need for novel targets due to continuously increasing cases of cardiovascular events. Sirtuins (SIRTs), a family of signaling proteins, are involved in sustaining genome integrity, DNA damage response and repair, modulating oxidative stress, aging, inflammation, and energy metabolism. SIRTs play a critical role in modulating inflammation and involves in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The role of SIRTs in relation to atherosclerosis and plaque vulnerability is scarcely discussed in the literature. Since SIRTs regulate oxidative stress, inflammation, and aging, they may also regulate plaque progression and vulnerability as these molecular mechanisms underlie the pathogenesis of plaque development, progression, and vulnerability. This review critically discusses the role of SIRTs in plaque progression and vulnerability and the possibility of targeting SIRTs to attenuate plaque rupture, focusing on the highlights in genomics, molecular pathways, and cell types involved in the underlying pathophysiology.
Affective social anthropomorphic intelligent system
Authors: Mamun Md. Adyelullahil , Abdullah Hasnat Md. , Alam Md. Golam Rabiul , Hassan Muhammad Mehedi , Uddin Md. Zia
Published: March 2023

Human conversational styles are measured by the sense of humor, personality, and tone of voice. These characteristics have become essential for conversational intelligent virtual assistants. However, most of the state-of-the-art intelligent virtual assistants (IVAs) are failed to interpret the affective semantics of human voices. This research proposes an anthropomorphic intelligent system that can hold a proper human-like conversation with emotion and personality. A voice style transfer method is also proposed to map the attributes of a specific emotion. Initially, the frequency domain data (Mel-Spectrogram) is created by converting the temporal audio wave data, which comprises discrete patterns for audio features such as notes, pitch, rhythm, and melody. A collateral CNN-Transformer-Encoder is used to predict seven different affective states from voice. The voice is also fed parallelly to the deep-speech, an RNN model that generates the text transcription from the spectrogram. Then the transcripted text is transferred to the multi-domain conversation agent using blended skill talk, transformer-based retrieve-and-generate generation strategy, and beam-search decoding, and an appropriate textual response is generated. The system learns an invertible mapping of data to a latent space that can be manipulated and generates a Mel-spectrogram frame based on previous Mel-spectrogram frames to voice synthesize and style transfer. Finally, the waveform is generated using WaveGlow from the spectrogram. The outcomes of the studies we conducted on individual models were auspicious. Furthermore, users who interacted with the system provided positive feedback, demonstrating the system’s effectiveness.
Efficient GPU implementation of a Boltzmann-Schrödinger-Poisson solver for the simulation of nanoscale DG MOSFETs
Authors: Vecil Francesco , Mantas José Miguel , Alonso-Jordá Pedro
Published: March 2023

A previous study by Mantas and Vecil (Int J High Perform Comput Appl 34(1): 81–102, 2019) describes an efficient and accurate solver for nanoscale DG MOSFETs through a deterministic Boltzmann-Schrödinger-Poisson model with seven electron–phonon scattering mechanisms on a hybrid parallel CPU/GPU platform. The transport computational phase, i.e. the time integration of the Boltzmann equations, was ported to the GPU using CUDA extensions, but the computation of the system’s eigenstates, i.e. the solution of the Schrödinger-Poisson block, was parallelized only using OpenMP due to its complexity. This work fills the gap by describing a port to GPU for the solver of the Schrödinger-Poisson block. This new proposal implements on GPU a Scheduled Relaxation Jacobi method to solve the sparse linear systems which arise in the 2D Poisson equation. The 1D Schrödinger equation is solved on GPU by adapting a multi-section iteration and the Newton-Raphson algorithm to approximate the energy levels, and the Inverse Power Iterative Method is used to approximate the wave vectors. We want to stress that this solver for the Schrödinger-Poisson block can be thought as a module independent of the transport phase (Boltzmann) and can be used for solvers using different levels of description for the electrons; therefore, it is of particular interest because it can be adapted to other macroscopic, hence faster, solvers for confined devices exploited at industrial level.
QoL Following Dacryocystorhinostomy: Linguistic Adaptation of Italian Version of GBI
Authors: Cantone Elena , Torrisi Aldo , D’Ecclesia Aurelio , Massimilla Eva Aurora , Motta Giovanni , Motta Gaetano
Published: March 2023

The Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) is a generic patient recorded outcome measure assessing the quality of life of patients undergoing ear nose and troth surgery. Although largely used in the clinical practice, it has never been adapted and validated in the Italian language. The aim of the study was to translate the original GBI from English to Italian and to examine its reliability for use in the Italian adult population of patients undergoing endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy. After translation and back-translation of the original English we evaluated the reliability of GBI for use in 79 Italian adults undergoing dacryocystorhinostomies. Reliability of GBI-IT was examined by the internal consistency of the scale (using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient), and by the test–retest analysis. The GBI-IT showed adequate internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.85 for the total scale). The total GBI-IT score showed a strong correlation in retests (CCC 0.87). In conclusion, our study showed that the GBI-IT has satisfactory internal consistency and reliability and is equivalent to the original English version. In addition, it can be considered a valuable measure for both clinical and research uses.
Impact of Mineral Fertilizers on Anaerobic Digestion of Vegetable Waste
Authors: Borowski Sebastian , Cieciura-Włoch Weronika , Boniecki Paweł , Bednarek Agata
Published: March 2023

This study investigated the use of mineral fertilizers for the improvement of biogas production from vegetable wastes. Five fertilizers of various chemical compositions were selected, and two blends of vegetable wastes were composed for the experiments. The results demonstrated the highest improvement in biogas production using the mineral fertilizer SUBSTRAL dedicated to conifers, which was characterized by a diverse chemical composition and the lack of sulfur. The addition of this fertilizer in a dose of 1 g/kg increased methane and hydrogen yields by up to 49% compared to the control. The maximum methane production of 336 NmL/gVS was achieved after supplementation of the mixture containing corn, green peas, and green bean wastes, whereas the highest hydrogen yield of 49 NmL/gVS was reported in the experiments with the blend containing carrot, cauliflower, and broccoli. A simplified cost analysis showed that the use of 1 kg of mineral fertilizer to supplement the anaerobic digestion of vegetable waste for biogas production can generate additional revenues of up to 2399 €.
The Metaphysics of Living Consciousness: Metabolism, Agency and Purposiveness
Authors: Meincke Anne Sophie
Published: March 2023

Life has evolved; and so must have consciousness, or subjective experience, as found in living beings, Eva Jablonka and Simona Ginsburg contend. In their target article, which summarises the main theses of their seminal book The Evolution of the Sensitive Soul, the authors put forward an evolutionary account of consciousness that builds upon the intimate connection between consciousness and life without, however, equating the two. Instead, according to Jablonka & Ginsburg, there was life before there was consciousness, and there are still living beings without consciousness. Here I offer some metaphysical considerations in favour of a more inclusive notion of consciousness than Jablonka & Ginsburg’s. These considerations turn on the role played by metabolism and agency in the processual constitution of living beings as well as on the continuum between sensation and perception. Rather than postulating a mindless inwardness in presumably non-conscious organisms, we ought to recognise the constitutive experiential nature of life, rooted in its intrinsic purposiveness.
Distribution network optimization: predicting computation times to design scenario analysis for network operators
Authors: Burmeister Sascha Christian , Schryen Guido
Published: March 2023

The increased use of renewable energies promotes decarbonization and raises the load on power distribution networks, forcing responsible distribution network operators to re-evaluate and re-design their networks. Infrastructure planners employ a rolling-horizon planning procedure with frequent recalculations to face informational uncertainty, which require solving multiple scenarios. Keeping complexity manageable is particularly challenging as distribution network areas may span multiple cities and counties. In this study, we focus on infrastructural decomposition, where the distribution network is decomposed into multiple parts and planning problems, which are then optimized separately. However, infrastructure planners lack the knowledge of how they should design a scenario analysis for a subnetwork to account for informational uncertainties subject to limited planning time and computing resources. Based on empirical requirements from literature and discussions with experts, we present a novel mixed integer linear optimization model that allows to use exact solution approaches for realistic large-scale distribution networks. Our approach considers the primary and secondary distribution network in an integrated way and designs a flexible topology for high reliability power distribution. We perform extensive computational experiments and a sensitivity analysis to determine correlations between the values of model parameters and computation times required to solve the resulting model instances to optimality. The results of the sensitivity analysis indicate that the combination of the number of buses, lines and the considered action scope have a considerable influence on the solving time. In contrast, a higher number of available transformers led to a better solvability of the model. From these computational insights, we derive implications for infrastructure planners who wish to perform scenario analysis for planning their power distribution networks.
Investigation of overexploitation groundwater in arid areas: case of the lower Jurassic aquifer, Bechar province Southwest of Algeria
Authors: Kendouci Mohammed Amin , Mebarki Saliha , Kharroubi Benali
Published: March 2023

The conservation of natural non-renewable water resources is an important part of the expectations of the Algerian population, especially in the south of the country. Groundwater is provided in the southwest of Algeria, and the demand for water is high including agriculture. Studies have shown that the quality of these resources has changed after many years of continuous exploitation. To meet the satisfaction and the need for drinking water, for the city of Bechar, located in southwest Algeria, technicians and decision-makers have sought additional water resources, namely in the Jurassic groundwater located at the region of Mougheul (Sahara Algerian). The intense use of pumping at Mougheul has led to serious local problems (rapid drawdown and drying up of the source). The obtained results reveal that the piezometric charts, established in October 2001 and November 2009, show that the main flow of water is from north to south, exactly to the source of Mougheul. The flow rates of the drillings made are very varied, and between 6 and 30 l/s, this amounts to the heterogeneity of the medium. The pumping tests give low transmissivity values varying between 3.22 10–5 and 5.49 10−3 m2/s.
Output Prediction of Helical Microfiber Temperature Sensors in Cycling Measurement by Deep Learning
Authors: Chen Minghui , Han Jinjin , Liu Juan , Zheng Fangzhu , Geng Shihang , Tang Shimeng , Wu Zhijun , Pu Jixiong , Zhang Xining , Dai Hao
Published: March 2023

The inconsistent response curve of delicate micro/nanofiber (MNF) sensors during cycling measurement is one of the main factors which greatly limit their practical application. In this paper, we proposed a temperature sensor based on the copper rod-supported helical microfiber (HMF). The HMF sensors exhibited different light intensity-temperature response relationships in single-cycle measurements. Two neural networks, the deep belief network (DBN) and the backpropagation neural network (BPNN), were employed respectively to predict the temperature of the HMF sensor in different sensing processes. The input variables of the network were the sensor geometric parameters (the microfiber diameter, wrapped length, coiled turns, and helical angle) and the output optical intensity under different working processes. The root mean square error (RMSE) and Pearson correlation coefficient (R) were used to evaluate the predictive ability of the networks. The DBN with two restricted Boltzmann machines (RBMs) provided the best temperature prediction results (RMSE and R of the heating process are 0.9705 °C and 0.9969, while the values of RMSE and R of the cooling process are 0.786 6 °C and 0.997 7, respectively). The prediction results obtained by the optimal BPNN (five hidden layers, 10 neurons in each layer, RMSE=1.126 6 °C, R=0.995 7) were slightly inferior to those obtained by the DBN. The neural network could accurately and reliably predict the response of the HMF sensor in cycling operation, which provided the possibility for the flexible application of the complex MNF sensor in a wide sensing range.
Insight into the key kinetic steps in the pyrolysis of coking and non-coking coals, characterization of the pyrolysis products
Authors: Кuznetsov P. N. , Fetisova O. Yu. , Kuznetsova L. I. , Avid B. , Purevsuren B.
Published: March 2023

The chemical composition, structural and plastometric properties of different-ranked coals from Mongolia deposits were studied. The non-isothermal iso-conversion Ozawa–Flynn–Wall and Friedman model-free methods were used to assess kinetic parameters and to differentiate decomposition steps. Key peculiarities of the pyrolysis kinetics of brown and bituminous coals were revealed and discussed in terms of the composition and plastometric properties. Brown coal was shown to undergo three decomposition steps with ever increasing activation energy as temperature increased because of the decomposition of thermally more and more stable molecular fragments. The pyrolysis of bituminous coals occurred in four steps, the activation energy having extreme mode of temperature dependence. An important new finding was that the temperature range of the second, major pyrolysis step well corresponded to that between the softening and re-solidification temperatures according to Gieseler plastometry. The yield and composition of the pyrolysis products obtained under isothermal conditions were also characterized depending on coal rank and temperature, and the ways for qualified utilizations were offered.
Morphological analysis and high-temperature phase stability of spark plasma sintered TiN-MWCNTs ceramic composite
Authors: Akinribide Ojo Jeremiah , Akinwamide Samuel Olukayode , Olubambi Peter Apata
Published: March 2023

The microstructure, mechanical properties, and phase stability of TiN+MWCNTs ceramic-based composite were studied. Ball milling and spark plasma sintering (SPS) techniques were adopted for synthesizing titanium nitride (TiN) composites containing 1, 3, and 5 wt. percent (wt. %) multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). At a temperature of 1000 °C where the phase stability was investigated, the effects of MWCNT addition on thermal treatment and mechanical characteristics of the fabricated composites were explored. According to the results, the resultant effect of ball milling on the ad-milled powders and sintering at a temperature of 1800 °C played a critical role in the homogenous diffusion of MWCNTs into the TiN ceramic matrix. It was further noted that the addition of different wt. % of multiwalled carbon nanotube helped in stabilizing the FCC-crystal phases at this elevated temperature. A slight transformation was observed in the microstructures, as the core and the outer rim phases remained stable in their crystallographic orientation. The varying addition of MWCNTs retained the α-FCC phase both at the core and the outer rim phase during and after thermal exposure of 1000 °C for 3 h. The composite with 1wt. % MWCNT content exhibited the highest hardness of 40 GPa with a fracture toughness of 12.22 MPa m1/2, while the least hardness value of 12.5 GPa was recorded by the unreinforced TiN sample. The effect of mechanical alloying and thermal exposure of the ceramic composites significantly enhanced the strengthening and toughening of the composites.
Control Parameter Analysis for an SRM Inverter for Range Extender Units with Integrated DC–DC Converter
Authors: Götz Georg Tobias , Kolbe Jan , von Hoegen Anne , De Doncker Rik W.
Published: March 2023

In modern electrical traction drives, a variable dc-link voltage can be applied to increase efficiency in partial load. A dc-dc converter can supply a variable dc-link voltage and transfer energy between the battery and the dc-link. Hybrid cars combine the advantages of long driving ranges with the partial zero-emission operation. In series-hybrid drive trains, a switched reluctance machine can be used as a generator for the range extender unit. This paper presents at first the mechanism of energy transfer between the battery and the dc-link. Further, a control parameter analysis of an inverter topology for a switched reluctance machine, which combines the dc-dc converter for the power transfer between the battery and the dc-link with the inverter for the generator, is investigated. For this analysis, the control parameters turn-on, freewheeling and turn-off angle are varied to test the controllability of the energy transfer between these two components. The simulation results of the presented analysis are finally validated with measurements on the test bench.
Childhood Centeredness is a Broader Predictor of Young Adulthood Mental Health than Childhood Adversity, Attachment, and Other Positive Childhood Experiences
Authors: Narayan Angela J. , Frederick Donald E. , Merrick Jillian S. , Sayyah Madison D. , Larson Matthew D.
Published: March 2023

This study introduced the novel concept of Centeredness, a measure of the emotional atmosphere of the family of origin and a target adult individual’s perception of feeling safe, accepted, and supported from childhood primary caregivers and other family members. This study developed a Centeredness scale for adult respondents and tested hypotheses that higher levels of overall Centeredness would predict lower levels of depression and anxiety symptoms; suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs); and aggressive behavior; and higher levels of life satisfaction. Predictive effects of Centeredness were compared against attachment-related anxiety and avoidance, and adverse and benevolent childhood experiences (ACEs and BCEs). Participants were recruited via the Prolific-Academic (Pro-A) survey panel into two large independent samples of US young adults aged 19–35 years [Sample 1 (test sample), N = 548, 53.5% female, 2.2% gender non-conforming, 68.3% White, recruited before the pandemic; Sample 2 (replication sample), N = 1,198, 56.2% female, 2.3% gender non-conforming, 66.4% White; recruited during the pandemic]. Participants completed the novel Centeredness scale, which showed strong psychometric properties, and standardized, publicly available assessments of childhood experiences and mental health outcomes. Centeredness was the only variable that significantly predicted each mental health outcome across both samples. BCEs predicted all outcomes except aggressive behavior in the test sample. Centeredness and BCEs were also the only two variables that significantly predicted a dimensional mental health composite in both samples. Neither attachment-related anxiety and avoidance nor ACEs were as broadly predictive. The Centeredness scale assesses emotional aspects of childhood family relationships with individuals of diverse backgrounds and family compositions. Clinical and cultural implications are discussed.
Fatigue damage development in 10CrMo9-10 steel for power plant pipes in as-received state and after 280,000 h of exploitation
Authors: Kopec Mateusz , Brodecki Adam , Kowalewski Zbigniew L.
Published: March 2023

This paper discusses an effect of 280,000 h of exploitation under internal pressure of 2.9 MPa and high temperature of 540 °C on the mechanical properties of 10CrMo9-10 (10H2M) power engineering steel. The mechanical response of the specimens obtained from two pipes: a new in the as-received state and exploited for a long period was assessed through the uniaxial tensile tests and subsequent fatigue tests. The long-term, high-temperature exposure of 10H2M steel resulted in the deterioration of its mechanical properties and was quantitatively described as a function of the fatigue damage measure, φ, and the fatigue damage parameter D. Finally, the proposed methodology of power exponent approximation with both damage sensitive parameters (φ, D) enabled for successful determination of the 10H2M steel fatigue life.
Do Degrees Matter? Rethinking Workforce Development for Youth with Intellectual Disabilities and Mental Health Challenges
Authors: Reay Susan , Reay William , Tevis Kris , Patterson Lisa
Published: March 2023

The global workforce crisis significantly impacts how evidence-based treatment is provided to youth with developmental disabilities and co-occurring mental health conditions. Addressing the workforce crisis requires re-examining the long-standing methods of selecting individuals for employment based on academic degrees. This project offers an innovative workforce development option that provides specialized training to staff with advanced education degrees and staff with less education. The participants in this study were employed in a rural area of the USA within the mental health, child welfare, and correctional industries. All participants worked with youth experiencing intellectual disabilities and mental illness. Results indicated that participants improved their knowledge of the population, demonstrated a better understanding of EBPs, and were willing to employ evidence-based approaches regardless of their education or age. Although overall attitudes toward EBPs decreased, diverging attitudes increased, suggesting a need to accommodate treatment strategies when EBP models are unavailable for special populations. Initial knowledge gaps demonstrated by those with a master's degree and those with less education disappeared after the training. This finding supports the application of innovative task-shifting options in mental health, such as diverting more sophisticated care tasks to nonprofessionally trained persons, which can reduce workforce pressure and unmet demand for care. This study demonstrates cost-effective and time-efficient methods of training staff regardless of education by relying less on specific EBP models and more on adaptation.
Finnish university physics teachers’ experiences of transferring to online teaching due to COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Leinonen Risto , Kesonen Mikko H. P. , Asikainen Mervi A.
Published: March 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic arguably caused the most rapid and extensive educational reform ever witnessed. This article addresses the challenges, possibilities, and consequences that the pandemic has set for Finnish physics university teachers. The data were gathered with a literature-based online survey consisting of Likert scale claims and open-ended questions related to the following themes: the use of technology, interaction, learning and evaluation, experimental working, and the future. In 2021, the survey was distributed to all Finnish universities where physics is taught, and 52 responses were received. The results show the biggest challenges were related to the different aspects of interaction, experimental working, and adjusting evaluation. The opportunities were less recognized but the versatility and flexibility of instruction and the use of technology in the evaluation became apparent in the teachers’ responses. The consequences of pandemic time for physics teaching and learning were seen rather negatively, even if a majority of teachers intended to change their old teaching practices in the future. The results indicate that university teachers need more discipline-based pedagogical support for enhancing learning, interaction, and well-being as the physics instruction likely gets more versatile after the pandemic.
An Adaptive Lion Swarm Optimization Algorithm Incorporating Tent Chaotic Search and Information Entropy
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Zhang Yuying , Guo Jingfeng , Chen Jing , Liu Zhigang
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an improved adaptive lion swarm optimization (LSO) algorithm integrating the chaotic search strategy and information entropy to address the problem that the standard LSO algorithm has slow convergence and easily falls into the local optimum in later iterations. At first, an adaptive factor is introduced to improve tent chaotic mapping and used for population position initialization to enhance population diversity and realize uniform traversal while ensuring random distribution, ultimately improving the global search ability. Second, to address the problem that the cub selection strategy is blind, resulting in insufficient traversal in the early stage, a dynamic step-size perturbation factor is established using the second-order norm and information entropy. Adaptive parameters are used to dynamically adjust the selection probability of different cub behaviors based on the number of iterations to suppress the premature convergence of the algorithm. Finally, tent chaotic search is employed to adaptively adjust the search range and improve the individuals with poor fitness through multiple neighborhood points of the local optimal solution, further improving the algorithm’s search speed and accuracy. Experimental results on 18 benchmark functions revealed that the proposed algorithm yields superior performance in terms of convergence speed, optimization accuracy, and ability to jump out of the local optimal solution compared with the standard LSO, gray wolf optimizer, and particle swarm optimization algorithms. Furthermore, the improved LSO algorithm was used to optimize the initial weights and thresholds of the BP neural network, and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm was further verified by studying the house price prediction problem using two real-world datasets.
InterspeciesForms the hybridization of architectural, biological and robotic agencies
Authors: Alima Natalie
Published: March 2023

Situated in the field of architectural biodesign, InterspeciesForms explores a closer relationship between the fungus Pleurotus ostreatus and the designer in the creation of form. The intention of hybridizing mycelia’s agency of growth with architectural design aesthetic, is to generate novel, non- indexical crossbred designed outcomes. The purpose of this research to advance architecture's existing relationship with the biological and evolve preconceived notions of form. In order to establish a direct dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies, robotic feedback systems are implemented to extract data from the physical realm and feed it into the digital. Initiating this cyclic feedback system, mycelia growth is scanned in order to computationally visualize its entangled network and agency of growth. Utilizing mycelia’s physical data as impute, the architect then embeds design intention into this process through customized algorithms based on the logic of stigmergy. In order to bring this cross-bred computational outcome back into the physical realm, form is 3D printed with a customized mixture of mycelium and agricultural waste. Once the geometry has been extruded, the robot patiently waits for the mycelia to grow and react to the organic 3D- printed compound. The architect then responds with a countermove, by scanning this new growth and continuing the cyclic feedback system between nature-machine and the architect. This procedure demonstrates form emerging in real time according to the co-creational design process and dynamic dialogue between architectural and mycelia agencies.
Transitional Justice and the Historical Abuses of Church and State
Authors: Gallen James
Published: March 2023

In this book, James Gallen provides an in-depth evaluation of the responses of Western States and churches to their historical abuses from a transitional justice perspective. Using a comparative lens, this book examines the application of transitional justice to address and redress the past in Ireland, Australia, Canada, the United States and United Kingdom. It evaluates the use of public inquiries and truth commissions, litigation, reparations, apologies, and reconciliation in each context to address these abuses. Significantly, this novel analysis considers how power and public emotions influence, and often impede, transitional justice's ability to address historical-structural injustices. In addressing historical abuses, power fails to be redistributed and national and religious myths are not reconsidered, leading Gallen to conclude that the existing transitional justice efforts of states and churches remain an unrepentant form of justice. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
The Good Chinese Lawyer
Authors: Evans Adrian , Wu Richard , Xu Shenjian
Published: March 2023

The Good Chinese Lawyer explores the ethical and professional challenges that will confront a law student, and will help them to prepare for life as a lawyer. The book offers principled and pragmatic advice about how to overcome such challenges. It urges readers to examine motives for seeking a career in law, to foster a deep understanding of what it means to be 'good' lawyer, and how to draw on virtue and judgment when difficult choices arise, rather than simply relying on rushed compliance with rules or codes. The Good Chinese Lawyer analyses four important areas of legal ethics – truth and deception, professional secrets, conflicts of interest, and professional competence – and explains the choices that are available when determining a course of moral action. It links theory to practice, and includes many diagrams and scenarios to illustrate ethical concepts and good decision-making.
Supermassive Black Holes
Authors: King Andrew
Published: March 2023

Written by an international leader in the field, this is a coherent and accessible account of the concepts that are now vital for understanding cutting-edge work on supermassive black holes. These include accretion disc misalignment, disc breaking and tearing, chaotic accretion, the merging of binary supermassive holes, the demographics of supermassive black holes, and the defining effects of feedback on their host galaxies. The treatment is largely analytic and gives in-depth discussions of the underlying physics, including gas dynamics, ideal and non-ideal magnetohydrodynamics, force-free electrodynamics, accretion disc physics, and the properties of the Kerr metric. It stresses aspects where conventional assumptions may be inappropriate and encourages the reader to think critically about current models. This volume will be useful for graduate or Masters courses in astrophysics, and as a handbook for active researchers in the field. eBook formats include colour figures while print formats are greyscale only.
Lords and Communities in Early Medieval East Anglia
Authors: Wareham Andrew
Published: March 2023

Investigation of the growing regional power of the English aristocracy in the central middle ages.
The Southern French Nobility and the Albigensian Crusade
Authors: Graham-Leigh Elaine
Published: March 2023

A fresh look at the Albigensian Crusade, highlighting its effects upon the indigenous nobility.
The Battle for Palestine 1917
Authors: Grainger John D.
Published: March 2023

The story of Allied victory in the Holy Land, far from the carnage of the Western Front but a crucial, morale-boosting success under the aggressive and forward-thinking General Allenby.
Gender and Petty Crime in Late Medieval England
Authors: Jones Karen
Published: March 2023

First full-length study of the relations between gender and crime in late medieval England.
1.2 kW all-fiber narrow-linewidth picosecond MOPA system
Authors: Zuo Jiexi , Yu Haijuan , Zou Shuzhen , Dong Zhiyong , He Chaojian , Xu Shuang , Ning Chaoyu , Chen Xuechun , Li Xinyao , Lin Xuechun
Published: March 2023

Achieving an all-fiber ultra-fast system with above kW average power and mJ pulse energy is extremely challenging. This paper demonstrated a picosecond monolithic master oscillator power amplifier system at a 25 MHz repetition frequency with an average power of approximately 1.2 kW, a pulse energy of approximately 48 μJ and a peak power of approximately 0.45 MW. The nonlinear effects were suppressed by adopting a dispersion stretched seed pulse (with a narrow linewidth of 0.052 nm) and a multi-mode master amplifier with an extra-large mode area; then an ultimate narrow bandwidth of 1.32 nm and a moderately broadened pulse of approximately 107 ps were achieved. Meanwhile, the great spatio-temporal stability was verified experimentally, and no sign of transverse mode instability appeared even at the maximum output power. The system has shown great power and energy capability with a sacrificed beam propagation product of 5.28 mm$\cdot$mrad. In addition, further scaling of the peak power and pulse energy can be achieved by employing a lower repetition and a conventional compressor.
A WIGGLE-MATCHED 297-YR TREE-RING OXYGEN ISOTOPE RECORD FROM THAILAND: INVESTIGATING THE 14C OFFSET INDUCED BY AIR MASS TRANSPORT FROM THE INDIAN OCEAN
Authors: Sano Masaki , Pumijumnong Nathsuda , Fujita Koji , Hakozaki Masataka , Miyake Fusa , Nakatsuka Takeshi
Published: March 2023

Regional offsets from Northern Hemisphere radiocarbon (14C) calibration curves are widely recognized for monsoon Asia and often hinder accurate 14C dating. In this paper, we explore the possible linkage between summer monsoon intensity and 14C offsets using tree-ring δ18O and 14C data from Thailand. We developed a 297-yr floating tree-ring δ18O chronology comprising seven teak log-coffin samples from the Ban Rai rock shelter site, northwestern Thailand. The outermost ring of our chronology was estimated to date from 358–383 CE, within a 95.4% (2σ) probability range, based on a total of 10 14C measurements that were wiggle-matched against a mixed calibration curve evenly weighted from the IntCal20 and SHCal20 curves. Backward trajectory analysis showed that an intensified (weakened) summer monsoon detected in a modern tree-ring δ18O chronology was most likely to be induced by increased (decreased) air mass transport from the tropical Indian Ocean, which is an area of intense upwelling where the 14C concentration is lower than the atmospheric 14C level. However, partly because of the limited sample size and dating uncertainty, the direct linkage between the tree-ring δ18O series and 14C records obtained from our teak log-coffin samples could not be statistically verified.
Testing distribution equipment for agricultural aviation
Authors: Watts W. S.
Published: March 2023

‘Testing distribution equipment’ is a simple enough tide, deceptively so, and the superficial simplicity of our subject has in my view been misleading and somewhat detrimental to agricultural aviation development. With this remark made, I will now try to justify it and explain why I think that testing is in fact reasonably complex, even though, because the physical mechanisms are usually straightforward, the subject appears to be more simple than it really is.

Firstly, I would like to take a moment to consider the meaning of the two words ‘distribution’ and ‘testing’.
The evaluation of human exposure to helicopter vibration
Authors: Griffin M. J.
Published: March 2023

Over the 40-year evolution of the helicopter, man's understanding of vibration control techniques has greatly increased. However, with the performance of helicopters also increasing, the extent of their vibration problems has not diminished. Crew vibration therefore remains a significant factor in the design of all current helicopters. With more complex and critical demands being placed on aircrews it becomes more important that vibration should not impair their performance. Thus, as man's greater understanding of vibration control techniques provides the ability to constrain the vibration the definition of appropriate vibration limits becomes both more necessary and more useful.
Aerospace cost prediction—the way ahead
Authors: Harrison J. E. A.
Published: March 2023

In the following paper I shall discuss briefly the past history of aerospace cost prediction for budgetary purposes within government, the position which it has now reached and some of the problems which lie ahead. Some of the paper will be philosophical, but I make no apology for that. It is all too easy to become involved in detailed discussions of statistics, operating procedures and the like and to lose sight of the objectives of cost predictions and the major uncertainties surrounding all attempts to forecast the future.
Active control technology
Authors: Simpson A. , Hitch H. P. Y.
Published: March 2023

Active Control Technology (ACT) is not a new subject; it has been utilised in engineering circles for over a century in various guises, the first application of any significance being the steam engine governor. The history of the subject is accordingly long and is well referenced, and we shall depart from the time-honoured rigmarole of providing a detailed survey of early developments by directing our audience instead to Ref. 1 where such a survey may be found. In similar mildly unconventional vein, we note that this platform, and many others like it in this country and elsewhere, has been used many times by eminent individuals to expound their own idiosyncratic views as to how ACT should be defined in its constituent functions and how, in turn, these might possibly be applied without much in the way of reference to what has been done or to the many practical limitations. While our own views presented here will also be idiosyncratic, we shall attempt to relate what we say to that which has been achieved in actual applications and, based on these achievements, to what might follow in the foreseeable future.
The effect of aerofoil characteristics on windmill performance
Authors: Griffiths R. T.
Published: March 2023

The present energy situation has caused engineers to look more closely at methods of energy recovery which have previously received only limited attention due to the availability of cheap and plentiful fossil fuels. One of these methods is the use of an airscrew, or windmill, to convert wind energy into mechanical energy. There are a number of disadvantages in the utilisation of wind energy: the power available is relatively low for the size of plant involved and the supply is intermittent, but on the other hand the energy is free and available in most areas.

The economic feasibility of using windmills on a scale large enough to supply the national grid system is debatable, but there is certainly a demand for small units suitable for the individual domestic consumer.
Flying aeroplanes in buffet
Authors: Ross A. Jean
Published: March 2023

There can be no question that manoeuvrability is one of the principal requirements for a combat aircraft, and achieving the necessary amount of usable lift is never an easy design task. The lift generated by the wings ceases to be usable when it is accompanied by unacceptable levels of buffet or degraded handling or loss of control. Practically all combat aircraft have to penetrate some way into this region where things begin to go wrong, and the problem we are concerned with in the Royal Aircraft Establishment is to see how certain we can be, before the first flight of a new design, that the so-called buffet boundary will allow the specified manoeuvrability to be achieved. One line of attack is to take an existing aircraft, record and analyse its behaviour in these limiting conditions, and see whether design and test methods are good enough to predict what we find in flight.
Aircraft propulsion from the back room
Authors: Hawthorne William
Published: March 2023

To whom must the praise be given? To the boys in the back rooms

On the 15th May 1941 a small aircraft landed at Cranwell after a flight lasting 17 minutes. The pilot, Fl. Lt. P. E. G. Sayer, got out of the aircraft and was immediately surrounded by an excited group wanting to know how the machine had performed. He answered questions standing by the aircraft and reading from the notes on his knee pad, which he copied on to the paper as shown in Fig. 1. This flight, the first of a Whittle turbojet propelled aircraft, started a new era in aviation. It also marked the beginning of the rapid development of a new heat engine, the fifth since Newcomen’s steam engine.

As you can see from the pilot’s notes, the performance of the E28/39 aircraft in that first flight was modest. An Indicated Air Speed (IAS) of 240 mph was reached. That it was powered by a turbojet can be seen from the readings of rpm, jet pipe temperature, etc. This first engine developed about 850 lb take-off thrust and weighed some 700 lb.
Attitude of a satellite spinning with an angular velocity varying in time—an exact solution
Authors: Dasarathy Belur V.
Published: March 2023

The problem of determining the attitude of a satellite, spinning in space, with its angular velocity being an arbitrarily specified time function, although of significant interest, has long remained analytically intractable in view of the complexity of the non linear coupling in the system of equations governing the Eulerian angles that prescribe the attitude of the satellite. Even the relatively simpler case of a satellite spinning with constant angular velocity poses significant analytical complexity, but has been solved recently. Although, numerical solutions to specific cases are not hard to obtain, the closed form solution, which brings out the inherent properties, is still of interest to the analyst. Accordingly, this study is aimed at an analytical method of solution to the governing equations. It is shown that the three, coupled, non linear, non-autonomous, first order, differential equations can be reduced to a single, equivalent, linear, uncoupled, autonomous equation of second order, through a differential transformation technique. The solution of this equivalent linear equation, is easily obtained and can be mapped onto the original space to derive the Eulerian angles. This backward transformation, using the transformation relations that established the equivalence of the non linear and linear systems of equations, is shown to be feasible as long as certain integrability conditions are satisfied by the input angular velocity time function. The earlier study is easily observed to be a particular case of this generalised analysis.
The role of wind tunnels in future aircraft development
Authors: Smelt Ronald
Published: March 2023

Presentation of the Daniel and Florence Guggenheim International Memorial Lecture is both a high honour and a challenge. The challenge is implicit in the final two words—to present to you both a lecture and a fitting memorial to the remarkable Guggenheim family. I believe that the subject which I have chosen is particularly appropriate for this task. As many of you know, Daniel Guggenheim, in the years from 1925 to his death in 1930, sponsored and endowed the now famous Guggenheim Aeronautical Laboratories in major universities across the USA. It is clear from his writing that these were not simply gifts to the universities—conventional endowments—but that they reflected Daniel Guggenheim's vision of a future in which the aircraft would link cities and countries in a safe, efficient civil transport system surpassing all other modes of travel.
The prediction of design and development costs of civil airliners
Authors: Harrold K. C. , Nicol S. I. R.
Published: March 2023

Much of the data published on the subject of cost prediction for aircraft has dealt with empirical methods of estimating the total engineering hours of design and development. Less seems to have been written by or for the practising estimator, concerned not only with the total estimate at the initial stages of the project but also with its continuous refinement to full go-ahead, on to certification and later still to variants. In this paper the authors describe some of the methods they use, the historical background against which the methods have evolved and discuss some of the problems which are met.
Passenger transportation in North America air versus ground
Authors: Hanchet W. H. D.
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this paper is to compare air passenger transportation in North America with ground passenger transportation as it is today and as it will probably be in the next few years. A precise statistical comparison is practically impossible; air figures include both domestic and international travel, scheduled and non-scheduled; rail figures include inter-city traffic and commuting; bus and car figures are for inter-city traffic only. This choice was arbitrary and represents a trade-off between highlighting selected comparisons and strict consistency for its own sake.
Competitive restraints on air travel: ground modes and telecommunications
Authors: Shevell R. S.
Published: March 2023

Future air transportation growth will be limited not only by the availability of personal disposable income for travel and by the maximum reasonable needs of business travellers, but also by competition from other modes such as the automobile, train, exotic guided ground transportation systems, such as magnetically levitated vehicles, buses and ships. Because of the aircraft's overwhelmingly superior speed and cost characteristics with respect to passenger ships, the passenger ship has been largely reduced to a recreational facility rather than a transportation mode. There are, of course, a few exceptions for short voyages between origins and destinations separated by water. But it is sufficiently clear that water transportation will not compete economically with air, except at very short ranges in a few unique situations, so that this mode will not be discussed.