bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Connaissances locales et leur utilization dans la gestion des parcs à karaté en Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Diarassouba Nafan , Koffi Kouablan E. , N'Guessan Kanga A. , Van Damme Patrick , Sangare Abdourahamane
Published: February 2021

In order to assess both the level of botanical knowledge of the shea tree species possessed by certain communities, and the relative importance of the species to those communities, an inventory has been taken of the different uses of shea resources. To this end, research was conducted involving 257 people belonging to 12 different ethnic groups in seven departments of the north of the Cote d'Ivoire [Ivory Coast]. The results of these investigations clearly demonstrate the socioeconomic importance of shea trees to the local populations of the zone investigated. Some ethnic groups prove to have a very good botanical knowledge of the species and its qualities and have developed systems of management of shea orchards that could facilitate the domestication and conservation of the species. In addition to the commercial use of the kernel and of shea butter on local and regional markets, many other parts of the shea tree and derived products (roots, leaves, peels, oilcakes, latexes and even mistletoes are used for a range of different purposes by rural communities in Cote d’Ivoire [the Ivory Coast]. In medicine and in traditional pharmacopeia, these parts are used in the treatment of several diseases. Shea is also valued at the cultural, nutritional, agricultural, cosmetic, artisanal level.
Governance, violence and the struggle for economic regulation in South Sudan: the case of Budi County (Eastern Equatoria)
Authors: Walraet Anne
Published: February 2021

This article analyses how Budi County in Eastern Equatoria State (South Sudan) was governed during the 1990s and up to mid-2007. Because its capital Chukudum was the SPLM/A headquarters almost throughout that period, it provides us with an interesting case from which to explore how the SPLM/A governed during the war and how this impacts on the post-war peace. One observation is that the war, besides a period of devastation and human suffering, was also a time of economic opportunities and social differentiation. For that reason this article will also explore livestock trade as a new mode of wealth appropriation and the changing nature of cattle raiding, and how this interferes with the struggle for regulatory power and governable “spaces”. This means that we comprehend the economy as a political terrain. At the same time we leave room for sociological perspectives, to complement the more restricted “competition for resources and gains” approach to conflict and violence. The article is written in three sections. In the first section we briefly clarify why in 1999 there was an uprising in Budi County against SPLM/A rule and why it engendered massive local support. In the second section we examine one of the most destructive manifestations of violence that affect Budi county: cattle raiding. We look at it from a perspective that has been under-researched in the field: that of trans-border trade. In the last section we look at how, after the peace of 2005, newly appointed local government authorities are (re)claiming domains of state regulation that previously lay firmly in the hands of the military. Particular attention is given to the capacity of the local authorities to guarantee security and provide protection.
Marching the nation: an essay on the mobility of belonging among militant youngsters in Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Arnaut Karel
Published: February 2021

This programmatic paper seeks to develop a new perspective on the military-political identity and performance of militias particularly in urban environments. The militia under consideration is the Groupement Patriotique pour la Paix (GPP), one of the oldest and most prominent of the southern militias. The G PP came into being as a civil society initiative in the aftermath of the September 2002 insurgency in Cote d'Ivoire a country which since then has lingered in a no-peace-no-war situation. The new perspective, here called 'ludus pro patria', looks at how the militias' activity, organisation, and discourse is deployed in the urban public sphere and to what effect. Within the scope of this paper, this perspective serves to deconstruct the alleged process of 'milicianisation' as the combined effect of discursive appropriation and concrete insinuation of a subaltern youth initiative by national elites and international actors. In conclusion, this paper argues that the proposed approach is essential for a proper understanding of two main dimensions of the militias' raison d'être and modus operandi: mobility and belonging.
Phalaenopsis putaoensis (Orchidaceae: Epidendroideae, Vandeae), a new species from Kachin State, Myanmar

Authors: AUNG MUNG HTOI , JIN XIAOHUA
Published: February 2021

Phalaenopsis putaoensis, a new species of Orchidaceae, is described and illustrated from Putao, Kachin State, Myanmar. Phalaenopsis putaoensis is close to Phalaenopsis honghenensis and P. wilsonii but can be easily distinguished from the latter  two by having falcate lateral lobes adorned with antennae–like appendages and rhombic middle lobe with wartlike calli on disk. A preliminary assessment of the risk of extinction of this new species is Critically Endangered (CR).
Thirteen new species of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from the United States, with new host and distribution records for 32 additional species
Authors: EISEMAN CHARLES S. , LONSDALE OWEN , VAN DER LINDEN JOHN , FELDMAN TRACY S. , PALMER MICHAEL W.
Published: February 2021

We present novel rearing records of Agromyzidae (Diptera) from throughout the United States. We describe leaf mines or other larval habits for 27 species, plus five others whose identification is tentative, and another five that are identified only to genus due to the absence of male specimens. We review host and distribution data for the known species, reporting 26 new host species records (including the first rearing records for Phytomyza flexuosa Spencer, P. notopleuralis Spencer, and (tentatively identified) Ophiomyia frosti Spencer) and 25 new state records (including the first USA records for P. krygeri Hering, P. thermarum (Griffiths), and (tentatively identified) Liriomyza cracentis Lonsdale). We also describe and provide natural history information for the following 13 new species: Haplopeodes loprestii Eiseman & Lonsdale, Liriomyza euphorbivora Eiseman & Lonsdale, L. hypopolymnia Eiseman & Lonsdale, Melanagromyza arnoglossi Eiseman & Lonsdale, M. gentianivora Eiseman & Lonsdale, M. hieracii Eiseman & Lonsdale, M. rudbeckiae Eiseman & Lonsdale, M. urticae Eiseman & Lonsdale, M. verbenivora Eiseman & Lonsdale, Ophiomyia nabali Eiseman & Lonsdale, O. rugula Eiseman & Lonsdale, Phytomyza flavilonicera Eiseman & Lonsdale, and P. triostevena Eiseman & Lonsdale.
Revision of the Australopapuan and West Pacific species of plain pumpkin-beetles, the Aulacophora indica species-complex (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae)
Authors: REID CHRIS , HALLING LUKE , BEATSON MAX
Published: February 2021

The ‘plain pumpkin-beetle’, indica species-complex of Aulacophora Chevrolat, 1836, is revised for Australopapua, Timor and the West Pacific. The species-complex is defined and the following eight included species are diagnosed and described: A. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1781); A. barrogae Reid, Halling & Beatson, sp. nov.; A. cornuta Baly, 1879; A. indica (Gmelin, 1790); A. mbabaram Reid, Halling & Beatson, sp. nov.; A. relicta (Boisduval, 1835); A. wallacii Baly, 1886; A. wilsoni Baly, 1888. The three other similar species in the region of interest, A. bicolor (Weber, 1801), A coffeae (Weber, 1801) and A. deplanchei (Perroud & Montrouzier, 1864), are diagnosed from the Aulacophora indica species-complex and a key is provided for all 11 species.                New synonyms are noted as follows (senior synonym first): A. abdominalis (Fabricius, 1781) = A. argyrogaster (Montrouzier, 1861) syn. nov., = A. fabricii Baly, 1886 syn. nov., = A. armigera Baly, 1889 syn. nov., = A. aruensis (Weise, 1892) syn. nov., = A. fauveli Beenen, 2008 syn. nov.; A. relicta (Boisduval, 1835) = A. palmerstoni Blackburn, 1888 syn. nov., = A. imberbis Weise, 1916 syn. nov.. Aulacophora relicta (stat. rev.) is revalidated from synonymy with A. abdominalis and A. wilsoni (stat. rev.) is revalidated from synonymy with A. scutellata (Boisduval 1835). Aulacophora flava Olivier, 1808, is not an available species name. The synonymy of A. robusta Duvivier, 1884 with A. cornuta is confirmed. Five species traditionally placed in Aulacophora, Galleruca flaveola Boisduval, 1835, G. punctata Boisduval, 1835, G. scutellata Boisduval, 1835, Galleruca flavescens Montrouzier, 1856 and Galleruca artensis Montrouzier, 1861, are not identifiable to genus or species and are therefore listed as nomina dubia within Galerucinae. The previously designated lectotype of A. abdominalis is shown to be invalid. Neotypes are created for A. abdominalis and A. relicta as both lack original type material. A lectotype is designated for A. palmerstoni.                The plain pumpkin-beetle species are distributed as follows: A. barrogae, A. mbabaram, A. relicta and A. wilsoni are endemic to Australia; A. abdominalis is widespread in the southwestern Pacific and Melanesia, west to Timor and east to Niue, but is absent from mainland Australia; A. cornuta is widespread from eastern India to Melanesia as far east as Guadalcanal; A. indica is widespread from India southeast to Timor and northeast to Guam, and adventitious further south and east, but absent from, or not established in, Australia, Fiji, New Caledonia, Niue, Samoa, Tonga and Vanuatu; A. wallacii is endemic to Timor. Native hosts are unknown for any species, but A. abdominalis, A. indica, A. relicta and A. wallacii are pests of exotic cucurbit crops.
Bowel Perforation Presenting as Head and Neck Subcutaneous Emphysema
Authors: Leto Dezarae R. , Clar Derek T. , Goodman David A.
Published: February 2021

This patient with Crohn's disease underwent endoscopic balloon dilatation of an ileocolic stricture, and shortly thereafter developed subcutaneous emphysema in the soft tissues of her face, neck, and chest wall. Clinical evaluation and imaging revealed peritonitis from perforated bowel. She underwent laparotomy and bowel resection and recovered well. Subcutaneous emphysema in the head and neck from perforated bowel is a rare but recognized presentation of viscus perforation.
8 minutes and 46 seconds of ‘I Can’t Breathe’: A call for anti-racist feminist solidarity amid COVID-19
Authors: Mukhtar Sonia
Published: February 2021

COVID-19 has again exposed the inequality and injustice of race and power deeply rooted in patterns, discourses and institutions. I am writing this article to bring attention to how we need anti-racist feminism now even more than ever. Feminism in social work offers an act of engagement, realization, application and praxis of ideas that challenges the normative response to rethink marginalized and oppressed individuals’ suppressed thoughts, voices and lived realities amid the pandemic lockdown. This inclusive article recognizes and acknowledges that the stories, ideas, experiences, vision, and life of every individual matters.
Loneliness Among College Students: The Influence of Targeted Messages on Befriending
Authors: Besse Robin , Whitaker Whitney K. , Brannon Laura A.
Published: February 2021

The objective of the current research was to examine the influence of targeted messages in increasing helping behaviors towards lonely individuals. Previous research on loneliness interventions typically focuses on the lonely individual and working to reduce feelings of loneliness. The current study expands on this research by targeting individuals around lonely others to notice and consider helping those who might be lonely. Five targeted messages, based on Latané and Darley’s (1970) bystander intervention model, were utilized. These messages included a “notice” condition (increasing awareness of lonely others), an “assume responsibility” condition (awareness and responsibility towards helping lonely others), a “decide” condition (awareness, responsibility, and steps to reach out to lonely others), and two control conditions. Participants in the “decide” condition were significantly more likely to report feeling prepared to help lonely others in the future. Those in the “assume responsibility” and “decide” conditions also reported more awareness of lonely individuals during a one-week follow-up. Overall, findings indicate that it might be advantageous to approach reducing loneliness from the perspective of those around lonely individuals. Future research and implications of these findings are discussed.
First-Order Learning Models With the GDINA: Estimation With the EM Algorithm and Applications
Authors: Yigit Hulya D. , Douglas Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2021

In learning environments, understanding the longitudinal path of learning is one of the main goals. Cognitive diagnostic models (CDMs) for measurement combined with a transition model for mastery may be beneficial for providing fine-grained information about students’ knowledge profiles over time. An efficient algorithm to estimate model parameters would augment the practicality of this combination. In this study, the Expectation–Maximization (EM) algorithm is presented for the estimation of student learning trajectories with the GDINA (generalized deterministic inputs, noisy, “and” gate) and some of its submodels for the measurement component, and a first-order Markov model for learning transitions is implemented. A simulation study is conducted to investigate the efficiency of the algorithm in estimation accuracy of student and model parameters under several factors—sample size, number of attributes, number of time points in a test, and complexity of the measurement model. Attribute- and vector-level agreement rates as well as the root mean square error rates of the model parameters are investigated. In addition, the computer run times for converging are recorded. The result shows that for a majority of the conditions, the accuracy rates of the parameters are quite promising in conjunction with relatively short computation times. Only for the conditions with relatively low sample sizes and high numbers of attributes, the computation time increases with a reduction parameter recovery rate. An application using spatial reasoning data is given. Based on the Bayesian information criterion (BIC), the model fit analysis shows that the DINA (deterministic inputs, noisy, “and” gate) model is preferable to the GDINA with these data.
CEO Pay Components and Aggressive Non-GAAP Earnings Disclosure
Authors: Black Dirk E. , Black Ervin L. , Christensen Theodore E. , Gee Kurt H.
Published: February 2021

We examine the relation between CEO pay components and aggressive non-GAAP earnings disclosures using CEO pay components as proxies for managers’ short- versus long-term focus. Specifically, we explore the extent to which short-term bonus plan payouts and long-term incentive plan payouts are associated with: (1) Managers’ propensity to exclude expense items in excess of those excluded by equity analysts; and, (2) The magnitude of those incremental exclusions. We find that long-term incentive plan payouts are negatively associated with the likelihood and magnitude of aggressive non-GAAP exclusions. Our results are consistent with managers reporting non-GAAP information less aggressively when they are more focused on long-term, rather than short-term, value.
Assessing Patient Symptoms Due to Nasal Septal Perforation: Development and Validation of the NOSE‐Perf Scale
Authors: Taylor Cullen M. , Bansberg Stephen F. , Marino Michael J.
Published: February 2021

Objective

Reporting patient symptoms due to nasal septal perforation (NSP) has been hindered by the lack of a validated disease‐specific symptom score. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument for assessing patient‐reported symptoms related to NSP.

Study Design

Validation study.

Setting

A tertiary care center.

Methods

The Nasal Obstruction Symptom Evaluation (NOSE) scale was used as an initial construct to which 7 nonobstruction questions were added to measure septal perforation symptoms. The proposed NOSE‐Perf instrument was distributed to consecutive patients evaluated for NSP, those with nasal obstruction without NSP, and a control group without rhinologic complaints. Questionnaires were redistributed to the subgroup with NSP prior to treatment of the perforation.

Results

The study instrument was completed by 31 patients with NSP, 17 with only nasal obstruction, and 22 without rhinologic complaint. Internal consistency was high throughout the entire instrument (Cronbach α = 0.935; 95% CI, 0.905‐0.954). Test‐retest reliability was demonstrated by very strong correlation between questionnaires completed by the same patient at least 1 week apart (r = 0.898, P <. 001). Discriminant validity was confirmed via a receiver operating characteristic (P <. 001, area under the curve = 0.700). The NOSE‐Perf scale was able to distinguish among all 3 study groups (P <. 001) and between NSP and nasal obstruction (P =. 024). When used alone, the NOSE scale could not discriminate between NSP and nasal obstruction (P =. 545).

Conclusions

The NOSE‐Perf scale is a validated and reliable clinical assessment tool that can be applied to adult patients with NSP.
Scaling up and scaling down supply chains in volatile resource-based economies
Authors: Ryser Laura , Markey Sean , Halseth Greg
Published: February 2021

The growth of mobile workforces to support diversified resource extraction activities, compared to historically single-industry towns, represents a key change in rural and remote resource landscapes that has accelerated since the 1980s. Mobile workforces can present many opportunities to rural communities and economies. However, the capacity, viability and competitiveness of rural-based businesses to engage in supply chains serving mobile labour may be undermined by limited attention to how businesses manoeuvre downturns while maintaining a level of readiness to recover and scale-up in order to meet emerging mobile workforce needs. Drawing upon interviews with businesses in Fort St. John, British Columbia, Canada, our research uses the concept of resiliency to examine challenges and strategies associated with business capacity and agility to scale-up and scale-down in response to changing economic conditions associated with large-scale mobile workforces and related economic sectors. Our findings suggest that the capacity to scale-up and scale-down is shaped by capital, human resource and infrastructure strategies, inventory management and contract management strategies. Industry and state policies may also play a role supporting the conditions that will improve the agility, capacity and readiness of businesses operating in volatile resource-based economies.
‘A Way to Know’ Your Stress: Acceptability and Meaning of Hair Sample Collection for Cortisol Analysis From African-American and Latina Women in a Digital Storytelling Study
Authors: Davidson Hannah , Gubrium A. C.
Published: February 2021

Obtaining biological samples for research purposes from members of marginalized communities demands careful social and ethical consideration. This paper aims to discuss how feasibility and acceptability translate into methodological and ethical considerations for collecting hair samples in a study comprised of young, pregnant Latinx and African-American women participating in a digital storytelling intervention (DST). Transcripts from two focus groups with Healthy Families home visitor staff (N =10) and follow-up interviews with DST participants (N = 8) were analyzed through qualitative content analysis for hair sampling acceptability. Responses regarding the feasibility of obtaining a hair sample were generally positive amongst Healthy Families home visitor staff participating in the two focus groups, though responses overall were more favorable with the pregnant women participants who were interviewed post-DST intervention. Home visitors emphasized clear communication to participants around the reasoning for obtaining biological samples. Social and ethical considerations for communication of biomarker data to participants, as well as the intersection of lay knowledge of stress and participants' perspectives on providing a hair sample for cortisol analysis, is discussed.
A Students’ Preferences-Based Approach to Select Methods for Detecting and Handling Free-Riding
Authors: van den Herik Else-Marie , Benning Tim M.
Published: February 2021

Free-riding is a serious challenge in group projects. While there are various methods to reduce free-riding, marketing educators still face a difficult task when selecting an appropriate method for their course. In this study, we propose a students’ preferences-based approach that supports marketing educators with the selection of methods to detect and handle free-riding. To measure these preferences, students completed an online survey based on a choice task about two methods to detect free-riding and a ranking task about four methods to handle free-riding ( n = 254). Their answers were analyzed using chi-squared tests, Borda scores, and rank-ordered logit models. The results show that (a) neither Dutch nor international students have a clear preference for one of the two detection methods (the reporting system vs. the process evaluation system), (b) grade discussion (a possible reduction of the free-rider’s grade based on a conversation with the course coordinator about each student’s contribution) is the most preferred method to handle free-riding, and (c) international students have a stronger preference for stricter handling methods. Marketing educators can apply the proposed approach, or use our specific findings, for designing methods to reduce free-riding in their courses.
Effect of single dose Erenumab on cortical responses evoked by cutaneous a-delta fibers: A pilot study in migraine patients
Authors: de Tommaso Marina , Delussi Marianna , Gentile Eleonora , Ricci Katia , Quitadamo Silvia Giovanna , Libro Giuseppe
Published: February 2021

Background

Erenumab is a monoclonal antibody against calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors, which showed efficacy in migraine attack prevention. The aims of the present pilot study were to i) evaluate the effect of single dose of Erenumab 70 mg on laser evoked potentials from trigeminal and brachial stimulation in a cohort of migraine patients; ii) correlate the neurophysiological changes with clinical outcome after 3 months’ treatment.

Methods

Laser evoked potentials were recorded by 61 electroencephalogram channels before (T0), 1 h (T1) and 7 days after (T2) Erenumab 70 mg injection, stimulating the left and right forehead and the right hand. Laser evoked potential control 1 h after the injection served as placebo session.

Results

Seventeen migraine patients were evaluated. The N1 and N2 component obtained from the right and left trigeminal stimulation diminished in amplitude at T2, compared to T0 and T1 conditions. N2 habituation reduction slightly recovered at T2. Laser evoked potential changes did not correlate with clinical improvement after 3 months of Erenumab treatment.

Conclusions

A single dose of Erenumab has a mild inhibitory effect on cortical responses evoked from trigeminal cutaneous a-delta fibers. Though this phenomenon was not predictive of the clinical outcome, it confirms a wide representation of calcitonin gene-related peptide receptors on trigeminal afferents.
Fin du globe: Oscar Wilde’s romance with decadence and the idea of world literature
Authors: Pittel Harald
Published: February 2021

This essay argues that Oscar Wilde noticeably contributed to the emerging discourse about world literature, even though his views in this regard have to be unearthed from the margins of his works, from his early and unpublished American lectures and ‘between the lines’ of his major critical essays. Wilde’s implicit ideas around world literature can be understood as being closely related to his broader endeavour of redirecting and revaluing the pejorative discourse around ‘decadence’ in art and literature. More specifically, the arch-aesthete preferred to use the word ‘romance’ rather than ‘decadence’ (a term he hardly used at all in his writings), signalling a sensitivity attuned to what he called the ‘love of things impossible’. This reconceptualization of the decadent outlook was to inspire a critical ideal of literature which relied on creatively activating the other as Other, culminating in a vision of intersubjective, transcultural and unlimited literary communication. Wilde’s thought can be more specifically understood as anticipating central tenets of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s evocations of the planetary, thus preparing the way for an alterity-oriented understanding of literary cosmopolitanism.
John Bunyan’s Solomonic Pedagogy
Authors: Barfield Robin
Published: February 2021

John Bunyan’s Book for Boys and Girls reflects a pre-Piagetian attempt to connect the temporal and spiritual in the life of the child. It is argued that this work functions as mediated symbolism in a form similar to Solomonic wisdom with its regulated natural theology. Bunyan’s work challenges some contemporary assumptions of formation and child theology. The article concludes with a call to reclaim a holistic vision of life and faith within child pedagogies.
Fondements et évolution de Recherche et Applications en Marketing : une aventure partagée
Authors: Pras Bernard
Published: February 2021

Cet article retrace la façon dont les fondements de la revue Recherche et Applications en Marketing ont été posés par l’afm (Association Française du Marketing). Il rappelle le contexte de sa création et les principaux enjeux que les rédacteurs en chef successifs lors de la période de lancement (1986 à 1989) et de consolidation (1990 à 2010) ont relevé en fonction de l’évolution de l’environnement. Il analyse le positionnement de la revue par rapport à des standards académiques internationaux et en termes de contenu. Il soulève enfin quelques questions et dresse quelques perspectives pour l’avenir. Mais principalement, cet article montre comment la création et l’évolution de la revue constituent une aventure partagée par les rédacteurs en chef successifs et l’afm, sur la base de valeurs académiques communes.
A Broken Pipeline: Effects of Gender and Racial/Ethnic Barriers on College Students’ Educational Aspiration–Pursuit Gap
Authors: Li Xu , Kim Young Hwa , Keum Brian T. H. , Wang Yu-Wei , Bishop Kelley
Published: February 2021

This study examined the long-term effects of perceived educational and career barriers due to sexism and racism in college students’ pursuit of postgraduate education (PE) and how such effects were different across gender and racial majority/minority groups. With a sample of 2,717 undergraduate students, results from multinomial logistic regression showed that female and students of color not only perceived higher levels of barriers due to sexism and racism, such experiences further predicted the discrepancies between their precollege aspirations and actual pursuit for postgraduate degrees upon graduation. The higher the perceived barriers, the higher the odds of female and students of color not pursuing PE that they had aspired before college. This negative long-term effect was not observed in male students or White students. Moreover, when intersectionality was considered, women of color was the only group where perceived barriers had significant negative effects on the PE gap. Implications were discussed.
Misogynistic Tweets Correlate With Violence Against Women
Authors: Blake Khandis R. , O’Dean Siobhan M. , Lian James , Denson Thomas F.
Published: February 2021

How online social behavior covaries with real-world outcomes remains poorly understood. We examined the relationship between the frequency of misogynistic attitudes expressed on Twitter and incidents of domestic and family violence that were reported to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. We tracked misogynistic tweets in more than 400 areas across 47 American states from 2013 to 2014. Correlation and regression analyses found that misogynistic tweets were related to domestic- and family-violence incidents in those areas. A cross-lagged model showed that misogynistic tweets positively predicted domestic and family violence 1 year later; however, this effect was small. Results were robust to several known predictors of domestic violence. Our findings identify geolocated online misogyny as co-occurring with domestic and family violence. Because the longitudinal relationship between misogynistic tweets and domestic and family violence was small and conducted at the societal level, more research with multilevel data might be useful in the prediction of future violence.
Improving Diabetes Education in Mexican American Older Adults
Authors: Babalola Olubanke M. , Garcia Theresa J. , Sefcik Elizabeth F. , Peck Jessica L.
Published: February 2021

Lack of culturally sensitive, age-specific diabetes education in Mexican American older aged people may contribute to deficits in diabetes knowledge, self-management, and glycemic control. This quality improvement initiative applied evidence-based, culturally competent, age-specific education to improve health outcomes. A one-group, pretest/posttest design guided this project in a primary care community clinic. Mexican American adults >60 years, with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM; N = 12) received 3 months of biweekly innovative classes including: healthy Mexican foods; family involvement; Spanish interpreter using simultaneous earphone technology; and interactive, bilingual, large-print materials. Paired sample t tests compared diabetes knowledge, self-management, and A1C levels. There was a significant improvement in preeducation and posteducation outcomes: knowledge, t(11) = −7.969, p = .000; d = 2.32, self-management, t(11) = −7.930, p = .000; d = 2.43, and A1C levels, t(11) = 6.434, p = .000; d = 0.78. Culturally competent, language-friendly innovation, age-specific T2DM education can positively impact knowledge, self-management behaviors, and glycemic values in older aged Mexican American people.
Exploration of Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators Among Adults in Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Susan , Owen Alice J. , Smith Ben J.
Published: February 2021

Previous research suggests that a range of factors influence an individual’s physical activity (PA) participation, but studies among Nepalese adults are limited. In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore the multilevel influences upon PA participation among community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and above living in an urban setting in Kathmandu, Nepal. Men ( n = 21) and women ( n = 30) were purposively sampled to participate in one of nine focus group discussions. Types of PA undertaken constituted activities related to housework, farm work, and active travel. Individual-level barriers included lack of knowledge, lack of motivation, perceptions of already being active, personal limitations, and lack of time. Interpersonal barriers included household responsibilities and lack of support. Broader environmental barriers included lack of infrastructure for active commuting, poor safety, rising use of motorized transport, lack of resting areas, weak social norms about PA, declining agricultural engagement, mechanization, and improved access to technology and facilities. Some differences were observed between the gender and disease groups. Health benefits, integration into domestic work, opportunities for social interaction, and social support were the facilitators. Interventions focusing on families, highlighting the short- and long-term benefits of PA, addressing gender roles, and ensuring women are better supported represent opportunities to promote PA. Community-based interventions will be essential to establish social norms around PA and improve social support.
Cabotegravir-Rilpivirine: The First Complete Long-Acting Injectable Regimen for the Treatment of HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Durham Spencer H. , Chahine Elias B.
Published: February 2021

Objective:

To review the efficacy and safety of cabotegravir (CAB) with rilpivirine (RPV) in the treatment of HIV-1 infection.

Data Sources:

A literature search was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar (2010 to January 2021) with the search terms cabotegravir and rilpivirine. Other resources included abstracts presented at recent conferences and the manufacturer’s website and prescribing information.

Study Selection:

All English-language articles of studies assessing the efficacy and safety of CAB with RPV were included.

Data Synthesis:

The combination of CAB, a new integrase strand transfer inhibitor, and RPV, an established nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor, is the first long-acting dual therapy approved for the treatment of HIV-1 infection in adults who have achieved viral suppression on a standard antiretroviral therapy (ART). This regimen demonstrated comparable maintenance of viral suppression evaluated up to 160 weeks, with low rates of virological failure. CAB and RPV are available as suspension given intramuscularly in 2 separate injections every 4 weeks. Common adverse effects include injection site reactions, pyrexia, fatigue, and headache. CAB and RPV are also available as tablets given orally for bridging therapy.

Relevance to Patient Care and Clinical Practice:

This long-acting dual therapy represents an attractive option with a high barrier to resistance for adults who have achieved viral suppression on standard ART and who prefer monthly injections over daily oral therapy.

Conclusions:

CAB-RPV is the first complete long-acting injectable that provides a convenient way to maintain viral suppression with no negative effects on renal and bone health and few drug interactions.
Rewriting Immigrant Masculinities in Selected Works of Bharati Mukherjee
Authors: Bhattacharya Rima
Published: February 2021

The precedence of women over men in Bharati Mukherjee’s works reflects an attempt on her part to construct a feminine narrative as a means of countering the marginalized position that women usually occupy in mainstream traditional literature. This paper probes how with such displacement of female perspectives into an authoritative position, routinely prescribed for men, Mukherjee revises the suspiciously stable place occupied by male immigrant subjects in fictional writings. Employing the critical voices of several masculinity theorists, this paper explores how immigrant men’s conceptions of masculinity are reformulated and challenged by their migration processes. Seen in the light of gender oppression, the male characters, seem to occupy an ineffective and feminine narrative space even in powerful male stories of immigrant economic success written by Mukherjee. Finally, the paper probes how Mukherjee’s act of rewriting masculinity from inventive perspectives in her fictions introduces new, more egalitarian, and alternate models of manhood.
Anti-disturbance attitude control for quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle manipulator via fuzzy adaptive sigmoid generalized super-twisting sliding mode observer
Authors: Jiao Ran , Chou Wusheng , Rong Yongfeng , Dong Mingjie
Published: February 2021

During the flight of quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle manipulator, external wind and model uncertainties will significantly affect the accuracy and stability of the controller. This study investigates the problem of high-precision attitude control for the quadrotor manipulator that is equipped with a 2-DOF robotic arm in presence of several disturbances based on a new sliding mode observer and a corresponding sliding mode controller. As for the proposed sliding mode observer, to reduce its estimation chattering phenomenon, a sigmoid function is exploited to replace the discontinuous signum function. Moreover, to adapt to the estimation of disturbances with different upper bounds of the first derivative, a fuzzy logic system algorithm is used to adaptively update the observer gains and slope parameters of the sigmoid function. Furthermore, a generalized super-twisting algorithm is incorporated into the proposed sliding mode observer. Similarly, the sliding mode controller is constructed by using the generalized super-twisting algorithm and a sigmoid function in addition to the sliding mode observer-based feedforward disturbance compensation. In addition, to further relieve the influence of system sensor noise, a tracking differentiator is exploited to incorporate with both proposed sliding mode observer and sliding mode controller. Finally, to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, several simulations and experiments on the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle manipulator system are conducted under varying external disturbances.
Computation of Lyapunov–Perron transformation for linear quasi-periodic systems
Authors: Subramanian Susheelkumar C , Waswa Peter MB , Redkar Sangram
Published: February 2021

The transformation of a linear time periodic system to a time-invariant system is achieved using the Floquet theory. In this work, the authors attempt to extend the same toward the quasi-periodic systems, using a Lyapunov–Perron transformation. Though a technique to obtain the closed-form expression for the Lyapunov–Perron transformation matrix is missing in the literature, the application of unification of multiple theories would aid in identifying such a transformation. In this work, the authors demonstrate a methodology to obtain the closed-form expression for the Lyapunov–Perron transformation analytically for the case of a commutative quasi-periodic system. In addition, for the case of a noncommutative quasi-periodic system, an intuitive state augmentation and normal form techniques are used to reduce the system to a time-invariant form and obtain Lyapunov–Perron transformation. The results are compared with the numerical techniques for validation.
Finite element model updating of composite with adhesive jointed structure under built-up internal stress
Authors: Ahmad Basri Ahmad Burhani , Chae Dong Wook , Lee Hyeongill
Published: February 2021

Highly complex engineering structures such as the body-in-white of a car consist of hundreds of different parts that are assembled using various types of joints such as welded and adhesive joints. The finite element method has been used extensively in various engineering fields to predict and analyze the dynamic behavior of assembled structures. However, despite the use of well-characterized individual subcomponent models, the predicted results frequently differ from measured results. This is believed to be because of the invalid assumptions of the joint model such as the material properties and other uncertainties associated with the assembly. This study investigated the use of a model updating method (MSC Nastran SOL 200) to identify the invalid assumptions and uncertainties in adhesive jointed composite structures and to minimize the difference between predicted and measured results. Results revealed that the stresses built-up in a structure during the assembly process are permanently retained in the structure after the adhesive is completely cured and that they cause a local stress stiffening effect, which is believed to affect the resonance frequencies of the structure. Introducing the effect of the stresses as an updating parameter in the model updating process increases the prediction accuracy.
Investigation on vibration transmission control of a shafting system with active orthogonal support
Authors: Zhu Yueyue , Xie Xiling , Zhang Zhiyi
Published: February 2021

A large proportion of the fluctuating propulsion forces transmit to the hull structure of an underwater vehicle through the stern support and cause structural vibration and sound radiation. To reduce the influence of the dynamic forces on the hull structure, a control method that uses an active orthogonal support is proposed. The active orthogonal support is arranged in the vertical and horizontal directions to connect the stern bearing and the hull structure and equipped with electromagnetic actuators to generate counter forces. A shaft–hull-coupled system is used to investigate the effectiveness of active orthogonal support, and numerical results indicate that the hull vibration and acoustic radiation can be significantly suppressed. The effectiveness of active orthogonal support was experimented as well. The experimental results have demonstrated that the active orthogonal support with local velocity feedback control is able to attenuate vibration transmission in the shaft–hull-coupled system.
Accuracy of Urologic Conditions Portrayed on Grey’s Anatomy
Authors: Zhao Hanson , Anger Jennifer T.
Published: February 2021

Despite the common prevalence of urologic diseases, studies have demonstrated that the general public often has little knowledge or insight into the field of urology or the role of an urologist. In this study, we investigated the context, frequency, and accuracy of urologic conditions on the television series Grey’s Anatomy. We reviewed episodes from the first 15 seasons. Episodes with urologic references were then screened and the urologic conditions, outcomes, and treatments were recorded. We identified a total of only 21 urologic events across 15 seasons and 342 episodes of Grey’s Anatomy. A total of 52% (11/21) of the conditions were related to external male genitalia. The portrayal of these conditions and the associated treatments were considered to be medically accurate within reason 62% (13/21) of the time. There is significant room for improvement to increase the portrayal of common urologic conditions and malignancies to improve the public’s awareness and perception of our specialty.
Heterotopic Liver Nodule Compressing a Two-Vessel Umbilical Cord: An Unusual Cause of Intrauterine Fetal Demise
Authors: Carreon Chrystalle Katte , Putra Juan , Vargas Sara O
Published: February 2021

Heterotopic liver tissue in the umbilical cord is rare, and the outcome is quite unpredictable based on the few reported cases. We present a case of heterotopic liver nodule in the umbilical cord of a midtrimester fetus who died in utero. Although such association has only been reported once, heterotopic nodular tissue in the umbilical cord must be regarded as a potential cause of fetal demise by a mechanism analogous to the more common umbilical cord abnormalities resulting in umbilical vessel compromise.
The Matrix Revisited: Opening Night for the Pel Polysaccharide Across Eubacterial Kingdoms
Authors: Whitfield Gregory B , Howell P Lynne
Published: February 2021

Bacteria synthesize and export adhesive macromolecules to enable biofilm formation. These macromolecules, collectively called the biofilm matrix, are structurally varied and often unique to specific bacterial species or subspecies. This heterogeneity in matrix utilization makes it difficult to facilitate direct comparison between biofilm formation mechanisms of different bacterial species. Despite this, some matrix components, in particular the polysaccharides poly-β-1,6- N-acetyl-glucosamine (PNAG) and bacterial cellulose, are utilized by many Gram-negative species for biofilm formation. However, there is a very narrow distribution of these components across Gram-positive organisms, whose biofilm matrix determinants remain largely undiscovered. We found that a genetic locus required for the production of a biofilm matrix component of P. aeruginosa, the Pel polysaccharide, is widespread in Gram-negative bacteria and that there is a variant form of this cluster present in many Gram-positive bacterial species. We demonstrated that this locus is required for biofilm formation by Bacillus cereus ATCC 10987, produces a polysaccharide that is similar to Pel, and is post-translationally regulated by cyclic-3′,5′-dimeric-guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) in a manner identical to P. aeruginosa. However, while the proposed mechanism for Pel production appears remarkably similar between B. cereus and P. aeruginosa, we identified several key differences between Gram-negative and Gram-positive Pel biosynthetic components in other monoderms. In particular, 4 different architectural subtypes of the c-di-GMP-binding component PelD were identified, including 1 found only in Streptococci that has entirely lost the c-di-GMP recognition domain. These observations highlight how existing multi-component bacterial machines can be subtly tweaked to adapt to the unique physiology and regulatory mechanisms of Gram-positive organisms. Collectively, our analyses suggest that the Pel biosynthetic locus is one of the most phylogenetically widespread biofilm matrix determinants in bacteria, and that its mechanism of production and regulation is extraordinarily conserved across the majority of organisms that possess it.
The Role and Clinical Effectiveness of Multiline Chemotherapy in Advanced Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor
Authors: Jeong Hyehyun , Hong Yong Sang , Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Chan Wook , Song Si Yeol , Song Joon Seon , Cho Kyung-Ja , Kim Jeong Eun , Ahn Jin-Hee
Published: February 2021

Background:

A multimodal approach is the standard treatment for desmoplastic small round cell tumor (DSRCT); however, many patients are diagnosed with inoperable disease, which leaves chemotherapy as the only treatment option. There are limited data on the effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy, especially when used after first-line treatment. Here, we evaluated the clinical outcomes of patients with DSRCT treated with multiple lines of chemotherapy.

Methods:

We reviewed medical records of 14 patients with pathologically confirmed DSRCT at Asan Medical Center between 2004 and 2018.

Results:

The median age at diagnosis was 25, with males comprising 92.9% of patients. All patients had inoperable disease at presentation and received chemotherapy as the initial treatment. Four patients (28.6%) were treated with surgery, and complete resection was achieved in 1 patient. Median overall survival (OS) was 23.9 months, and 1-, 2-, and 3-year survival rates were 92.9%, 48.6%, and 19.5%, respectively. In patients receiving first- (N = 14), second- (N = 10), and third-line (N = 8) chemotherapy, median time-to-progression was 9.9, 3.5, and 2.5 months, respectively, and the disease control rates were 100%, 88.9%, and 75.0%, respectively. Factors associated with longer OS in the univariable analysis were ⩽2 metastatic sites at presentation (27.0 vs 14.7 months; P = .024) and surgery with intended complete resection (43.5 vs 20.1 months; P = .027).

Conclusions:

Although advanced DSRCT may initially respond to chemotherapy after first-line treatment, the response becomes less durable as the disease progresses. Individualized treatment decisions focused on palliation should be made.
Authenticity, uniqueness and talent: Gay male beauty influencers in post-queer, postfeminist Instagram beauty culture
Authors: Chen Shirley Xue , Kanai Akane
Published: February 2021

The emblematic rise of the female Instagram influencer has been understood as exemplifying shifts in postfeminist and neoliberal frameworks of femininity. Yet, the central place of gay men in postfeminist beauty culture and its intersection with ‘post-queer’ culture have so far escaped considered attention. In this article, we examine the performance of femininity by four of the top gay male influencers in Instagram beauty culture, Jeffree Star, James Charles, Bretman Rock and Patrick Starrr, whose followings make them as or even more popular than their most high-profile female counterparts. These influencers are notable for their visibility, fame and authority in beauty culture on Instagram, a space populated primarily by girls and women, with its focus on the application of makeup. We explore how the production of femininity by these gay male beauty influencers demonstrates a key, yet relatively unexplored relationship between postfeminist conditions of visibility and the mainstreaming of queer male identities, suggesting that this cultural space of shifting power relations positions a privileged subset of gay men as equal, if not more compelling, in fulfilling contradictory postfeminist demands of authenticity, individuality and femininity.