bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beyt-i Hâdî and Câmi‘-i Ümmet: A Study on Mehmed Aga Mosque and Its Tiles
Authors: DUMLUPINAR Zehra
Published: May 2022

İstanbul Fatih’de, Çarşamba semtinde (Çihârşenbih Pazarı) Mimar Davud Ağa tarafından 994/1585-1586 senesinde inşa edilmiş olan cami; medrese, tekke, hamam, çeşme ve türbe ile birlikte bir külliye içerisinde yer alır. Günümüze cami
ile birlikte hamam, çeşmeler ve türbe ulaşabilmiş olsa da esasında burası bir saray ağası tarafından üstelik İstanbul’da inşa ettirilen ilk külliye olma özelliğine sahiptir. Külliyenin bânisi Mehmed Ağa, küçük yaşlarda Şehzâde
Selim’in (II. Selim) sarayına girmiş, III. Murad Devri’nde Dârüssaâde Ağalığı ve Evkāf-ı Haremeyn ve Selâtin Vakıfları Nâzırlığı yapmış, ardında pek çok hayrat bırakarak 999/1585 de reh-revân-ı dârü’l-me’âd olmağın (ahiret yurduna
doğru yola çıkarak) cami avlusunda yer alan türbesine defnedilmiştir. Mehmed Ağa’nın hayır eserleri 1582 ve 1591 tarihli iki ayrı vakfiyede yer almaktadır. İkinci vakfiyede tüm hayratının bir listesi bulunur. Mimar Sinan’ın mimarbaşılık
döneminde, Hac’da olduğu sırada, onun çıraklarından Davud Ağa tarafından yapılan Mehmed Ağa Câmii, konumu, plan şeması, taş ve çini süslemeleri ile bir vezir camiini aratmayacak niteliklere sahiptir. Revaklı son cemaat yerinde
ve harimin pencere alınlıklarında yer alan kitabeler ile pandantifler üzerindeki dairevî kitabeler; dışarı doğru taşkın olan mihrap kısmını çepeçevre kuşatan çiniler 16. yüzyılın son çeyreğinde İznik’te üretilmiştir. Klasik tarz
ve renkleri ve tasarımlarındaki artistik ifadeler ile dikkati çeken Mehmed Ağa Camii çinileri bu makalede devrinin diğer yapıları ile birlikte değerlendirilecektir.
An Approach to Adapting Historical Buildings to Reuse: The Case of Kostaki Mansion in Trabzon
Authors: KULELİ Ayşe Esin
Published: May 2022

Adapting a historical building that cannot preserve its original function to reuse suitable for its architectural character is an accepted approach in terms of contemporary conservation theory. If a building can no longer serve the
purpose for which it was built, when it is adapted to the new function, the building will be sustainable and livable by ensuring the continuity of the structure's function.Kostaki Mansion is one of the buildings that cannot preserve
its original use. The mansion, which was built by Banker Kostaki Teophylaktos in Trabzon between 1898 and 1913, has a special place in the architectural history of the country with its construction system differing from the traditional,
facade layout, planimetric feature, intense decoration, and ornament program.The Kostaki family came to Trabzon in the 1890s and moved to the mansion in 1913 after the meticulous construction and decoration work carried out in
the building was completed. However, during the Russian occupation, the mansion was turned into the headquarters of the Russian army and the family had to leave their home. The building, which was adapted to different functions
in the later process, is used as a museum today. The interventions made to adapt the building to the different uses have caused significant material and structural problems in the building. Within the scope of the prepared conservation
project, preservation and strengthening interventions were developed that planned to extend the life of the building, respecting both the initial design and subsequent interventions of the building, which was used with different
functions in the historical process.This research examines the change and transformation process of the Kostaki mansion, which could not maintain its original function, from the first construction date to the present, by dividing
it into three chronological periods. In addition to the restitution periodization proposal, it is also aimed to share the documents that developed during the preparation of the restoration and exhibition projects with the researchers.
Evaluation of Patient Satisfaction with Clinical Laboratory and Phlebotomy Services in a NABL Accredited Laboratory in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Eastern India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Aggarwal Kavita , Jhajharia Sumit , Pradhan Tapaswini , Acharya Viyatprajna
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Clinical laboratories play an indispensable role in patient care. Laboratory results help in approximately 70% of medical decision making. Patients are the best source of information on quality of service provided by an institute, as their feedback can help in future planning and taking corrective action. Aim: To evaluate Patient satisfaction with clinical laboratory and phlebotomy services in a National Accreditation Board for Testing and Calibration Laboratories (NABL) accredited laboratory in a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India. Material and methods: This was a hospital-based crosssectional study, conducted from May 2021 to June 2021, on the patients visiting the central laboratory of Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS), Bhubaneswar, Odisha. A total of 265 participants above the age of 18 years were included in the study. They were provided with a feedback questionnaire. A 5-point Likert scale rating of very dissatisfied, dissatisfied, neutral, satisfied and very satisfied was used. Descriptive statistics such as number and percentage were used to present the data. Results: Out of the total, 96% was the response rate, hence the complete questionnaires analysed were of 254 participants (130 males and 124 females). Out of the total 254 participants, 155 (61%) were very satisfied, 61 (24%) were satisfied, 28 (11%) were neutral and 10 (3.93%) were dissatisfied with the overall laboratory services. Laboratory test results were reliable scored very high and was reported to be very satisfactory by 177 participants (69.68%), satisfactory by 51 participants (20.07%) and 165 participants (64.96%) were very satisfied and 58 participants (22.83%) were satisfied with staff courtesy, skill and behavior. However, none of the participants were very dissatisfied and 10(4%) were dissatisfied, expected the laboratory services to be little better. For explanation of test results 79 participants (31.10%) were very dissatisfied and another 114 participants (44.88%) were dissatisfied. A total of 34 participants (13.38%) were very dissatisfied and another 50 participants (19.68%) were dissatisfied with the given information about location and time of report collection. Conclusion: Patient satisfaction is an important indicator of the quality of service delivered. The overall satisfaction level with the laboratory service was 85% showing a majority of the participants were satisfied or very satisfied with the overall services of the laboratory. There is a need to improve on cleanliness and more emphasis is to be laid on transmission of accurate and adequate information to the patients.
Comparing Clonidine and Fentanyl as Adjuvants to Intrathecal Hyperbaric Ropivacaine in Elective Infraumbilical Surgeries- A Randomised Clinical Study
Authors: Priya Lakshmi , Vijayalakshmi BC , Divya HR , Swaroop Arjun
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Ropivacaine is popular as a safe intrathecal anaesthetic drug due to its higher safety profile over bupivacaine. Intrathecal additives are known to increase the quality of anaesthesia and analgesic duration. Aim: To compare the effects of clonidine and fentanyl as intrathecal adjuvants to hyperbaric ropivacaine in elective infraumbilical surgeries. Materials and Methods: This randomized, double-blinded, clinical study was undertaken at Krishnarajendra hospital and Cheluvamba hospital, attached to Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Mysuru, Karnataka, India, from January 2018 to June 2018. Total 60 adult patients aged between 18-60 years of age, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) I and II status, and posted for infraumbilical surgeries, were randomized to two groups of 30 patients each i.e., group C patients receiving 2.5 mL of hyperbaric 0.42% ropivacaine and clonidine 15 mcg, and group F patients receiving 2.5 mL of hyperbaric 0.42% ropivacaine and fentanyl 25 mcg. The onset, extent and duration of sensory and motor blockade, heart rate, mean arterial pressure, prolongation of analgesia in the post operative period, and any complications were observed. Statistical analysis was done using student’s t-test, and Chi-square test to test significance of variables. The p-value <0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: Demographic characteristics were comparable in both the groups. The onset of sensory blockade and the maximum height of sensory blockade attained were similar in both groups i.e., group C-2.12±0.22 min vs group F-2.24±0.66 min, group C-4.94±0.91 min vs group F-5.12±1.38 min, respectively. The duration of sensory blockade was prolonged in group C (148.5±10.84 min vs 109.37±14.5 min), resulting in delayed demand for analgesic after surgery in this group. The onset of motor block and the complete motor blockade was prolonged in group C patients (3.22±1.01 min vs 1.16±0.3 min, 6.8±1.49 min vs 3.72±1.31min). The recovery from motor blockade was also significantly delayed in Group C (125.17±13.29 min vs 95.47±13.08 min). The incidence of hypotension was similar in both the groups. Conclusion: Clonidine, and fentanyl both provide early and adequate spinal anaesthesia, but the former (clonidine 15 mcg), prolongs the duration of spinal anaesthesia with Ropivacaine 0.42% hyperbaric solution, and significantly increases the time for the demand for analgesia in the recovery period, compared to fentanyl
Impacts of the 2019 wildfires on large trees and stags in Barking Owl Ninox connivens territories in the lower Richmond River district, north-eastern New South Wales
Authors: Milledge David , Soderquist Todd
Published: May 2022

In November and December 2019, wildfires in the lower Richmond River district of north-eastern New South Wales burned large tracts of forest including the territories of three pairs of Barking Owls Ninox connivens where breeding activity and two active nests were being monitored. Fortunately, an inventory of large trees and stags (≥60 cm diameter at breast height (dbh)) had been conducted on site prior to the impact of the fires. The two nests were destroyed and many large trees and stags were lost or severely damaged. In the four months following the fires, two 1ha plots were established at the centre of each of the three owl territories. Assessments of these plots demonstrated that 22.6% of the large trees and stags were lost or severely damaged, with a third of this total being ≥100 cm dbh. Despite wide variation in the pre-fire canopy tree structure and floristics, and fire extent and severity among the three territory centres, the percentage large tree loss or severe damage was not substantially different among the territories. Overall, there was a slightly higher percentage of smooth-barked canopy tree species lost or damaged compared to rough-barked species, but this result was biased by the absence of rough-barked species from one of the territory centres. The factor that appeared to be the major influence on large tree and stag loss or severe damage across the owl territories was the pre-fire presence of medium or large-sized basal fire-scars. A total of 72.7% of trees and stags with medium or large basal fire-scars was lost compared with a total of only 12.9% of trees and stags with small basal fire-scars. The loss of, or severe damage to 22.6% of large trees and stags recorded by this study from one wildfire event is considered unsustainable given the increase in frequent severe fires predicted by current climate change modelling. Pro-active protection measures are required to counter such losses of large trees and stags in these forests, and examples are provided of some specific measures recommended for this purpose.
Empirical Analysis on the Development of Ecological Agriculture under the Initiative of "Sustainable Development"
Authors: Yaru Huang , Yaojun Ye , Mengling Zhou
Published: May 2022

As a large agricultural country, China is promoting the development of agriculture in the direction of modernization and ecology. There are still some problems in the process of vigorous and coordinated development of regional resources. In order to narrow the temporal and spatial differences in the development of ecological agriculture and solve relevant development problems, this study puts forward targeted measures and policies from 18 cities in Henan Province, an important grain producing area in China. The comprehensive evaluation index system including economy, society, environmental and ecology calculated by U-EBM model is constructed for the first time, and the grey weighted clustering model based on improved entropy weight method is used to analyze and evaluate the overall development of ecological agriculture in each city for the first time. This method provides a new evaluation angle, and uses the idea of "less data and grey information" in grey theory to test the development trend and influence mechanism of regional ecological agriculture. It is found that fixed asset investment accounts for a large proportion in water-saving irrigation rate, total power of agricultural machinery and ecological agriculture efficiency, which is the key factor affecting the sustainable development of ecological agriculture. The results of data-driven clustering show that there are significant differences in the development of eco agriculture in various regions of Henan Province, which can be roughly divided into three gray levels. The model conforms to the actual situation of unbalanced development of ecological agriculture in various regions of Henan Province, verifies the reliability of the model, and provides accurate evaluation direction and relevant policies and strategic deployment for the research of agricultural ecological development in the future.
Assessment of the Utilization Pattern of Mass Media for Agricultural Production among Farmers in Haryana,India
Authors: Kiran . , Tyagi Rashmi , Kathpalia Jatesh
Published: May 2022

In this present era, information and communication technology (ICT) has an impact on every element of human life. They are essential players in the workplace, business, education, and, most crucially, agriculture. Furthermore, many people see ICT as a catalyst for change in working conditions, information management and exchange, learning methods, and access to information communication technologies. The present study was conducted in Haryana state. One district viz. Hisar were selected randomly as they are present in two different zones of Haryana. Further two blocks were selected randomly. Hisar II and Adampur block were selected from Hisar district. Analysis revealed  that about 70.00 % of the respondents always utilized mass media for gathering information and near about one-fourth of the respondents 24.20%   sometimes utilized mass media followed by a few of respondents (09.17%) were never utilized mass media for gathering weather information. More than three-fifth of the respondents (77.50%) never utilized mass media and near about two-fifth of the respondents (18.33%) sometimes utilized  mass media followed by a few respondents (04.17%) always utilized mass media for the inputs. Annual income of the respondents found highly significantly associated with level of utilization of mass media. The analysis revealed that 66.70 per cent of the respondents, who earned annual income i.e. up to Rs.1,00,001 to 2,00,001,sometimes utilized mass media. Contrary to that 45.10%   of the respondents, who earned annual income above Rs. 1,00,000/-, sometimes and 41.20%   had never utilized mass media.
Sixty-five Years of Nepalese Cooperative Movement and its Direction
Authors: Paudel Gyanendra Prasad
Published: May 2022

This article discusses the sixty-five years of Nepalese cooperative movement, current state, and its direction. Traditional cooperatives such as Guthi, Parma, Dharmabhakari, Dhikuri, and others had to wait until 1957 to join the modern cooperative movement. Nepal's cooperative movement has developed both quantitively and qualitatively on its sixty-five years of maturity. It is now commonly acknowledged that Nepal's cooperative movement has the potential to improve social economic disparities by lowering poverty and increasing employment opportunities. Because of its benefits and global appeal, the cooperative sector is vital. After the government and the private sector, it is described in the constitution as the third pillar of the economy and the largest sector. Cooperatives have long been seen as a tried and true method of achieving socialism. Cooperatives must be established to go from the working hand to the mouth, and they can help to bridge the divide between the rural and urban economies by bringing village produce to the city and urban capital to the village. It has the potential to help alleviate poverty, create job opportunities, and develop a more equitable economy. The cooperative movement in Nepal should be focused in this direction. From the first to the present sixteenth planned growth stage, the cooperative sector has been given significantly more significance, with a few exceptions. The other cooperative movement hasn't been able to fully realize its goals and values. As a result, all stakeholders must pay attention to qualitative development in order for cooperatives to become the economy's third pillar, as the constitution recognizes.
Characterization of Plant-Based Biotin from SesZenBioTM and In silico Studies to Prove Its Potential in Hair Care
Authors: Gadani Mihir , Upadhyay Ratna , Raut Supriya , Pandey Kavita
Published: May 2022

A standardized extract from Sesbania agati leaves (SESAL) was developed by Zenherb labs Pvt. Ltd., Mumbai, and is one of its kind plant-based biotin supplements.  The current work aimed at characterization of SESAL using chromatographic techniques (like HPLC & HPTLC) and DNA authentication. Additionally, an in-silico approach (docking) was also adopted to predict the molecular interactions and probable mechanisms involved in potential role of SESAL in hair care products range.  Drug likeliness was assessed on the basis of ADMET properties and Lipinski’s Rule of 5. DNA fingerprinting followed by HPTLC confirmed the identification and authentication. The biotin content in SesZenBio was estimated to be 0.5% by validated HPLC method. Mechanistically, biotin along with 2 other cofactors in SesZenBioTM is predicted to stimulate the hair follicle growth and differentiation, thus improving hair health. SesZenBioTM might hold 2x potential as against synthetic biotin in hair care applications.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nitrogen and NAA (Naphthalene Acetic Acid) on Yield and Economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.)
Authors: Kaveri Kuruva , Singh Rajesh
Published: May 2022

A field experiment was conducted during Kharif (Autumn) season 2021 at Experimental Field of the Crop Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Praygraj, Uttar Pradesh, India which is located at 250 30’ 42’’N latitude, 810 60’ 56” E longitude and 98 m altitude above mean sea level. The treatments consisted of three levels of urea spray – 1.0%, 1.5% and 2.0% and four levels of Naphthalene Acetic Acid [NAA] spray – 0ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm and 75 ppm. The Treatments were applied as foliar spraying after 20 and 40 days after sowing. The Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with twelve Treatments replicated thrice on the basis of one year experimentation. To determine the “Effect of foliar application of nitrogen(N) and NAA on yield and economics of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.). The results showed that treatment with the application of N (Urea) 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm recorded significantly highest number of pods per plant (16.93), number of seeds per pod (14.33), pod dry weight (4.17 g), test weight (18.42 g), seed yield (1436.26 kg ha-1), haulm yield (2651.97 kg ha-1). However, Maximum gross returns (1,20,204.7 INR ha-1), net returns (87,414.74 INR ha-1) and B:C ratio (2.66) were also reported in the same treatment of Nitrogen (Urea) 2.0% + NAA at 25 ppm.
Growth and Yield of Rice as Influenced by Rice Husk Biochar and Nitrogen Levels during Kharif Season
Authors: Gowthami V. Sai Surya , Venkateswarlu B. , Prasad P. V. N. , Rao Ch. Sujani , Kumari S. Ratna
Published: May 2022

Aim: Impact of rice husk biochar and nitrogen levels on growth and yield of kharif rice.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in a spilt plot design with different biochar doses in main plots and different nitrogen levels in subplots and was replicated thrice.

Place and Duration of Study: The field experiment was conducted during the kharif season of 2020 and 2021 at the Agricultural College Farm, Bapatla, ANGRAU, Lam, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh.

Methodology: The experiment was performed with twenty treatments in a split-plot design. The main plot comprised four biochar treatments and a subplot with five different nitrogen levels. Rice variety "BPT-5204" was taken as the test variety. The crop and soil observations during the experimentation were recorded at regular intervals. The test examined the significance of the treatment impact.

Results: Results of the experiment revealed that among the biochar treatments, the application of biochar @ 7.5 t ha-1 treatment showed the highest plant growth parameters at harvest like plant height (104.8 and 107.0 cm), number of tillers m-2 (361.6 and 369.6), leaf area index (3.69 and 3.71) and yield parameters, i.e., the number of panicles m-2 (302.5 and 304.9), grain (5706 and 5860 kg ha-1) and straw yields (7347 and 7570 kg ha-1) and was found statistically at par with the application of biochar @ 5.0 t ha-1 treatment and significantly superior over rest of the treatments during kharif of 2020 and 2021. Plant height (106.2 and 108.1 cm), number of tillers m-2 (368.3 and 374.2), leaf area index (3.72 and 3.84), the number of panicles m-2 (284.9 and 289.6), grain yield (5865 and 5997 kg ha-1), and straw yield (7631 and 7848 kg ha-1) were significantly the highest with the application of 160 kg N ha-1, which was found statistically at par with 120 kg N ha-1 treatment and significantly superior over other treatments.
Response of Popular Varieties on Foliar Application of Micronutrients on Growth, Seed Yield and Quality in Greengram
Authors: Adhithya G. , Siddarju R. , Parashivmurthy . , Ramanapa T. M. , Mahadevu P. , Vishwanath K. , Sowjanya S. , Tejaswini U.
Published: May 2022

Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on seed yield and quality were studied in three green gram varieties i.e., KKM-3, WGG-42 and TRCRM-147. Among three varieties, seed quality parameters were significantly differed in yield and seed quality parameters. KKM-3 recorded the highest in growth and yield parameters viz., plant height at 30 DAS and 60 DAS (14.55 and 30.83 cm, respectively), number of nodules and number of branches per plant (28.43 and 6.65, respectively), number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant (g) (12.96 and 11.98, respectively), seed yield per plot (g) and seed yield (q/ha) (204.42 and 3.24, respectively) also, in seed quality parameters viz., number of seeds per pod and 100 seed weight (g) (11.67 and 3.93, respectively), total dehydrogenase activity (1.836) (A480nm) respectively) and protein (24.01%). But, highest germination (%), mean seedling dry weight (mg) and seedling vigor index-II were recorded in WGG-42 (96.07, 220 and 2111 respectively) and highest mean seedling length (cm) and seedling vigor index-I recorded (33.70 and 3046 respectively) in TRCRM-147. Among foliar treatments studied seed quality parameter were significantly differed. FeSO4 recorded the highest in growth and yield parameters viz., plant height at 30 DAS and 60 DAS (15.31 and 31.49 cm, respectively), number of nodules and number of branches per plant (32.10 and 12.83, respectively), number of pods per plant and pod yield per plant (g) (14.11 and 7.60, respectively), seed yield per plot (g) and seed yield (q/ha) (234.18 and 3.72, respectively) also, in seed quality parameters viz., 100 seed weight (4.16 g), mean seedling dry weight (220 mg), seedling vigor index-II (2049), total dehydrogenase activity (1.939) (A480nm) and protein (24.24%) But, ZnSO4 recorded highest in number of seeds per pod (12.09), germination (94.89%), mean seedling length (33.89 cm) and seedling vigor index-I (3217).
Impacts of Future Climate and Land use Change on Water Yield in Arpa Catchment
Authors: Verma Shruti , Khalkho Dhiraj , Tripathi M. P.
Published: May 2022

Studying the interaction between hydrology, land use, and climate change is necessary to support sustainable water resources management. In this study, we assessed the effects of both land use and predicted climate change on the Arpa Catchment water yield using the ArcSWAT model. The influence of changing climate on water yield was evaluated for different emission scenarios using CMIP6 Global Climate Models (GCM). Three GCM namely BCC-CSM2- MR, EC-Earth3-Veg and NorESM2-LM were ensemble and used for this study. Two ‘Shared Socioeconomic Pathways’ (SSP) scenarios (SSP.2_4.5, and SSP.5_8.5) were used for future climate prediction in the current study area. Land use land cover, meteorology and soil type data used as inputs to analyze the spatial and temporal pattern of water yield in the Arpa catchment from 1990 to 2020 and the impact of land use change on water yield in the basin simulated with ArcSWAT Model. Water yield compare to baseline scenario (1990) increased by 98.36 mm (18.48%) in decadal year 2000, increased by 144.51 mm (27.15%) in year 2010 and in decadal year 2020 water yield increased by 154.20 mm (28.98%). Climatic scenario (SSP2_4.5 and SSP5_8.5) changes in water components were simulated with ArcSWAT model. Model was run for three future time slices i.e. Near future (2030s), Mid future (2060s), and Far future (2090s). Water yield with reference to baseline period (646.02 mm) increased by 71.69% under SSP2_4.5 during 2090s. Similarly, under SSP5_8.5 water yield increased by 106.87% for the far future (2090s).
Epidemiological Characteristics of Cases of COVID-19 Reinfection in Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Golden Owhonda , Ihuoma Des-Wosu , Hastings Onu , Kanee Rogers , Jr. Eric Aigbogun , Ifeoma Nwadiuto
Published: May 2022

Background: The immune system’s antibodies have been trained to deal with similar-looking pathogens through prior infection or vaccination. With the COVID-19 pandemic, the protection level of convalescents’ antibodies against reinfections remains unclear. However, immunological solid evidence of antibodies protection against severity exists. Antibody levels are said to serve as a realistic stand-in for immune protection. How long these convalescent antibodies last in the body are still subject to research. Some findings document three months to eight months after infection to SARS-CoV-2. This study aimed to investigate the cases of COVID-19 reinfection in individuals who had recovered from an initial COVID-19 infection.

Methods: A case series of individuals with a second positive COVID-19 PCR test result in Rivers State between March 2020 to June 2021.

Results: Five cases were retested positive for COVID-19 with a median age of 46 (36-49) years, four males and a female. Four of the cases were found to have comorbidities of diabetes, hypertension, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The median interval between the two episodes was 96 (37-196) days. Except for one asymptomatic case in the second episode, the convalescent participants had symptoms of COVID-19 in both the first and second episodes.

Conclusion: This study is illustrative of the possibility of COVID-19 reinfection. The longevity of circulating antibodies and the existence of other chronic disease conditions like HIV and diabetes in the individual may be related to this outcome. While further studies are recommended, full vaccination of all eligible persons, including COVID-19 convalescent persons with comorbidities is advised. Continued adherence to non-pharmaceutical interventions will enhance the chances of safety in the pandemic.
Decision Tree Algorithms and their Applicability in Agriculture for Classification
Authors: Bishnoi Sudha , Hooda B. K.
Published: May 2022

Machine learning approaches has the advantage that in most of machine leaning algorithms data transformation is unnecessary, can handle missing predictor variables, success of prediction is not dependent on data meeting normality conditions or covariance homogeneity, variable selection is intrinsic to the methodology and provides good accuracy over the traditional methods. The decision tree is one of such machine learning algorithms which is capable of handling both complete and incomplete data, so it can be applied in the field of agriculture where such data occurs frequently. The algorithms which were considered for this study includes ID3 (Iterative Dichotomizer 3), Classification and Regression Tree (CART) and C4.5. This paper provides a detailed approach on the development of decision tree using its various algorithms. It is anticipated that this study will be a layman guide to all agriculture researchers towards enhancing awareness of the potential advantages of using decision tree in agriculture, and contributing to its wide applicability in the agriculture data. The secondary data of cotton genotypes was used for classifying the genotypes into two classes, and hold out method was used for cross validation for checking the performance of the algorithms.
Musculoskeletal Disorders among Male Tailors in Clifton Karachi Pakistan
Authors: Dhanwani Anny , Bai Sarika , Shaheen Azra , Shams Zafar Iqbal , Kumar Haresh , Jamali Anwar Ali , Ahmer Arslan
Published: May 2022

Objective: The study was done to assess the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among the workers (tailors) who are working in tailoring occupation and see if they ever consult physician.

Methodology: A cross sectional survey was conducted in various large markets of Clifton area of Karachi city administration from February 2017 to December 2017.  Sample size of 278 tailors was chosen by random sampling technique. Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the musculoskeletal symptoms among subjects that include the bio data of respondent, factors associated with the symptoms, pain symptoms, and other problems faced due to symptoms through self-reported questionnaire. The collected data was inputted and analyzed in SPSS v16 and considered significant p value of   <0.05.

Results: 78.4% of the participants were observed for musculoskeletal disorder during last 12 months. From total of 278 subjects included in the study 34.9% subjects were in the age group 31-40 years, and majority of them (36.7 %) working from 6- 10 years, and 87.1 % reported working more than 8 hours per day . The most affected anatomical body part was lower back which is 26.6% followed by upper back 18.3 %, neck 12 %, knees 13.3%, ankle 11 %, wrist 7.3%, shoulder 6.9 %, hips 2.3% and elbow 2.3%.72 (33%) individual ever seen a physician while 146 (67 %) not ever seen a physician. There was statistically significant association between the pain and number of working years (p <0.001), and also statistically significant association between working hours per day and pain among the workers (P =0.002). There was no association between the age and sleeping disturbance due to pain.

Conclusion: work related musculoskeletal disorders are high among the tailors and most common complaints include lower back. Age, working years, working hours could predispose the work related musculoskeletal disorder among tailors.  Improvement of work posture, ergonomic tools and further research has been recommended.
Cytological Study of Salivary Gland Lesions in Accordance with the Milan System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology
Authors: Paul Barnali , Dharwadkar Arpana , Viswanathan Vidya , Vimal Shruti , Bavikar Rupali
Published: May 2022

Aim: Fine needle aspiration cytology is an essential diagnostic tool for preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions. Due to overlapping cytological features and heterogenecity of the lesions, a universal classification system was proposed, known as the “Milan System of Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC). This system helps clinicians to plan further diagnosis and management according to the risk of malignancy (ROM) in different categories. Therefore, the aim was to stratify the lesions according to the system and calculate the risk of malignancy.

Study Design: Retrospective and prospective study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pathology, Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Pune, between August 2016 and July 2021.

 Methodology: A five year study was conducted on 100 cases. FNAC was performed and correlation to histopathological aspects of resected and/or biopsied lesions were carried out in which tissue specimens were available. The cytological diagnosis was re-evaluated as follows: Category 1: Non‑diagnostic (ND), Category 2: Non‑neoplastic (NN), Category 3: Atypia of undetermined significance (AUS), Category 4a: Neoplasm: Benign (NB),Category 4b: Neoplasm: Salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP),Category 5: Suspicious of malignancy (SM) and Category 6: Malignant (M).

Results: Total 100 cases were studied. Histopathology reassessment was available in 38 cases. Case distribution in various categories were ND (0%), NN(36%), AUS(3%), NB(54%), SUMP(1%), SM(3%) and M(3%). Overall ROM reported were 0%, 11.11%, 100%, 0%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively for each category. The diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the study was 94.74%, 75%, 100%, 100% and 100% respectively.

Conclusion: The Milan system is an universal 6-tier reporting system of lesions of salivary gland that helps with risk assessment and guides the clinicians for appropriate treatment.
Pharmacological Investigation of Anti-obesity Effect of Cyperus Rotundus
Authors: Yadav Rita , Mani Munesh
Published: May 2022

According to WHO, obesity is a not unusual place fitness ailment of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism that consequences from immoderate fats accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, skeletal muscle etc. This research was focused on the development and Investigation of Anti-Obesity effect of Cyperus Rotundus in obese rats. The plant- Nagarmotha was collected from Moradabad region and authenticated by the botanist. Firstly, the calibration curve was plotted. Animals were obtained from the animal house maintained at Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Moradabad, IN. Animals were free to access pellet chow diet and water ad libitum. They were kept as per CPCSEA Guidelines for one week and kept on fasting for 24 hours prior sacrificing the rodents. The rats were divided into 6 groups, each containing 6 animals. It includes Group 1: Normal Diet Control, Group 2: High caloric Diet control (HCD), Group 3: HCD + Orlistat (5 mg/kg), Group 4: HCD + EEN (100 mg/kg), Group 5: HCD+ EEN (200 mg/kg and Group 6: HCD + EEN (300 mg/kg). Each rat was evaluated after the continuous treatments for different parameters such as body weight & food intake, Total Body Electrical Conductivity (TOBEC), blood glucose levels, oral glucose tolerance test, histopathological studies for adipose tissue and liver, RNA Extraction and Semi-Quantitative PCR Analysis and liver and kidney functions test. In results, Ethanolic Extract of Nagarmotha (EEN) at all the three doses- 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg and 300mg/kg significantly exhibited lipid lowering effects when compared to standard group treated with Orlistat and control or high calories diet animals, in all the parameters. The effects were observed in dose-dependent manner, in ascending order with increase in dose. In conclusion, it may be said that EEN is a potential anti-lipidemic agent. This research suggests to characterize and isolate the main moiety responsible for its pharmacological activity (as anti-obesity) and confirm the mode of action- at which receptor subtype binding occurs.
Composição de fenólicos, flavonoides, antocianinas, determinação da atividade antioxidante e comparação de métodos extrativos da folha e da casca de Caryocar brasiliense
Authors: Cruz Jhonatas Emílio Ribeiro da , Ribeiro Priscila Silva , Farisco Fernanda , Gomes Marcos de Souza , Morais Enyara Rezende
Published: May 2022

Introdução: Caryocar brasiliense é uma planta medicinal utilizada no tratamento de doenças respiratórias, úlceras gástricas e dores musculares. Objetivo: comparar a extração de compostos naturais por meio de dois métodos extrativos, agitação magnética e banho ultrassônico. Além disso, avaliar a atividade antioxidante, o teor de compostos fenólicos, flavonoides e antocianinas das folhas e casca de Pequi (C. brasiliense), com vistas a agregar valor por meio suas propriedades funcionais. Metodologia: o conteúdo fenólico foi determinado pelo método de Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoides e antocianinas pelo método de Lima e Melo. A atividade antioxidante foi medida pelo método 2,2-difenil-1-picrilhidrazil (DPPH). Resultados: o extrato das folhas de Pequi exibiu maior teor de fenólicos em relação à casca para ambos os métodos de extração. A folha do Pequi em banho ultrassônico apresentou forte atividade antioxidante com valor de 72,2%. Conclusão: os extratos de Pequi demonstraram um perfil fitoquímico promissor que deve ser investigado no futuro para aplicação farmacológica como adjuvante ou precursor na síntese de um novo cosmético ou medicamento com função antioxidante.
Hiperplasia epitelial focal
Authors: Rodrigues Santana Naiara , Nunes Nogueira Neto João , Leite Ribeiro Patricia , Almeida Sarmento Viviane , Carvalho Dantas João Frank
Published: May 2022

Introdução: a hiperplasia epitelial focal (HEF) ou doença de Heck, caracteriza-se por ser uma lesão benigna rara da mucosa bucal. Geralmente, está associada a proliferação do epitélio pavimentoso atribuída principalmente ao papiloma vírus humano (HPV) dos subtipos 13 e 32. Objetivo: relatar o caso de um paciente, com suspeita diagnóstica de HEF, descrever suas manifestações clínicas bucais e histopatológicas. Metodologia: homem, 38 anos, melanoderma, compareceu no Serviço Universitário com queixa de ardência em mucosa bucal. Ao exame clínico, apresentava múltiplas lesões papulares, firmes à palpação, de coloração rósea, com pápulas aglomeradas ou isoladas, localizadas em rebordo alveolares, gengiva inserida e livre da arcada superior e inferior, mucosas jugais e labiais, compatíveis com lesões causadas por HPV. Realizou-se biópsia incisional das lesões bucais, o laudo histopatológico descreveu o fragmento de mucosa bucal que estava revestida por epitélio pavimentoso estratificado paraceratinizado com acantose proeminente, projeções focais confluentes para o tecido conjuntivo, confirmando a suspeita diagnóstica clínica. Conclusão: a HEF é uma patologia rara, benigna da mucosa, indolor e que pode se resolver espontaneamente. Portanto, é necessário o diagnóstico adequado através da biopsia e laudo histopatológico.
Lipidomic profiling of exosomes from colorectal cancer cells and patients reveals potential biomarkers
Authors: Elmallah Mohammed I. Y. , Ortega‐Deballon Pablo , Hermite Laure , Pais‐De‐Barros Jean‐Paul , Gobbo Jessica , Garrido Carmen
Published: May 2022

Strong evidence suggests that differences in the molecular composition of lipids in exosomes depend on the cell type and has an influence on cancer initiation and progression. Here, we analyzed by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) the lipidomic signature of exosomes derived from the human cell lines normal colon mucosa (NCM460D), and colorectal cancer (CRC) nonmetastatic (HCT116) and metastatic (SW620), and exosomes isolated from the plasma of nonmetastatic and metastatic CRC patients and healthy donors. Analysis of this exhaustive lipid study highlighted changes in some molecular species that were found in the cell lines and confirmed in the patients. For example, exosomes from primary cancer patients and nonmetastatic cells compared with healthy donors and control cells displayed a common marked increase in phosphatidylcholine (PC) 34 : 1, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) 36 : 2, sphingomyelin (SM) d18 : 1/16 : 0, hexosylceramide (HexCer) d18 : 1/24 : 0 and HexCer d18 : 1/24 : 1. Interestingly, these same lipids species were decreased in the metastatic cell line and patients. Further, levels of PE 34 : 2, PE 36 : 2, and phosphorylated PE p16 : 0/20 : 4 were also significantly decreased in metastatic conditions when compared to the nonmetastatic counterparts. The only molecule species found markedly increased in metastatic conditions (in both patients and cells) when compared to controls was ceramide (Cer) d18 : 1/24 : 1. These decreases in lipid species in the extracellular vesicles might reflect function‐associated changes in the metastatic cell membrane. Although these potential biomarkers need to be validated in a larger cohort, they provide new insight toward the use of clusters of lipid biomarkers rather than a single molecule for the diagnosis of different stages of CRC.
Study on the architectural theory of 《Nature》, 《Human spirit》, and 《Cities》 of 【Contemporary Japan】 in articles by Jun Itami
Authors: Goto Sara , Suekane Shingo , Masuoka Ryo
Published: May 2022

This paper is part of a study that plans to extract the characteristics of an architectural theory by the architect Jun Itami (1937–2011), based on all accessible texts from his writings throughout his life. According to this study, three major concepts constitute his architectural theory: 【Joseon period】, 【Korea】, and 【Contemporary Japan】. In this paper, three of the four concepts constituting 【Contemporary Japan】, namely, 《Nature》, 《Human spirit》, and 《Cities》are examined. Each item is further divided into subitems and sequentially examined for clarifying the following points. Within 【Contemporary Japan】, as industrialization and internationalization occur, spatial and temporal boundaries are eroded, and daily life changes day by day along with 《Architecture》; humanity has become increasingly isolated from 《Nature》, 《Architecture》, and 《Cities》. Itami approaches 《Nature》, 《Human spirit》, and 《Cities》 from his own perspective while presenting his awareness of issues relating to 《Cities》and examining the relationship between 《Nature》 and 《Architecture》 from various angles.
A Multiscale and Multimethod Approach to Assess and Mitigate Concrete Damage Due to Alkali–Silica Reaction
Authors: Weise Frank , von Werder Julia , Manninger Tanja , Maier Bärbel , Fladt Matthias , Simon Sebastian , Gardei André , Hoehnel Desirée , Pirskawetz Stephan , Meng Birgit
Published: May 2022

Alkali–silica reaction (ASR) is a chemical reaction within concrete which can lead over time to cracking and spalling. Due to the complexity of the problem, it still causes damage to concrete constructions worldwide. The study aims to illustrate the interdisciplinary research of the German Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) within the last 20 years, considering all aspects of ASR topics from the macro‐ to the micro‐level. First, methods for characterization and assessment of ASR risks and reaction products used at BAM are explained and classified in the international context. Subsequently, the added value of the research approach by combining different, preferably nondestructive, methods across all scales is explained using specific examples from a variety of research projects. Aspects covered range from the development of new test setups to assess aggregate reactivity, to analysis of microstructure and reaction products using microscopical, spectroscopical, and X‐ray methods, to the development of a testing methodology for existing concrete pavements including in‐depth analysis of the visual damage indicator and the deicing salt input using innovative testing techniques. Finally, research regarding a novel avoidance strategy that makes use of internal hydrophobization of the concrete mix is presented.
Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure Evolution during Hot Torsion Deformation of Aluminum Alloy AA2219
Authors: Gilmore Andrew , Liu Xun
Published: May 2022

This study comprehensively analyzes the mechanical behavior and microstructural evolution of aluminum alloy AA2219‐T87 undergoing high deformation and strain rates at elevated temperatures via hot torsion tests. An integrated experimental and modeling approach is employed, where a finite element model (FEM) is developed with ABAQUS to address local deformation and nonuniform temperature distribution along the specimen gauge section. A Johnson–Cook constitutive material model is calibrated based on the calculated and measured torque curves at different conditions. The grain structure distribution is characterized through optical microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis. Combined with the ABAQUS calculated local thermomechanical conditions, microstructure modeling, using established literature‐based equations, is established to provide insights into grain size distribution and recrystallization mechanisms. The calibrated material constitutive model, recrystallization model, and grain size model can be utilized to model various manufacturing processes, which involve hot deformation of aluminum alloys in the intermediate strain rate range of 14–78 s−1. The constitutive model shows adequate matching of the experimental torque curves at 400, 450, and 500 °C. The recrystallization prediction model functions at over 94% accuracy and the grain size model provides an average deviation between predicted and measured grain size reduction of 11.5%.
Novel Corrosion‐Resistant Tool Steels with Superior Wear Properties
Authors: Zeisig Josephine , Giebeler Lars , Gebert Annett , Oswald Steffen , Kühn Uta , Hufenbach Julia
Published: May 2022

This work presents the novel high‐strength cast steels Fe81Cr15Mo1V2C1 and Fe80Cr15Mo1V3C1 (wt%) with high resistance against abrasion and acid corrosion. By means of a tailored alloy design and a special casting technique, implying high solidification rates, multiphase microstructures composed of martensite, austenite and a complex arranged carbidic network are formed. The increase of the vanadium concentration by 1 wt% results in an enhanced content of martensite and a decreased fraction of metastable retained austenite as detected by X‐ray diffraction and magnetization studies. This affects significantly the deformation, strengthening and wear behavior of the presented cast steels. Nevertheless, both steels achieve very high compressive (>4500 MPa) and tensile strengths (>1100 MPa) already in the as‐cast state. Furthermore, a distinctly higher abrasive wear resistance than the conventional X90CrMoV18 cold‐work steel was determined for the novel alloys. In conclusion, the results of the microstructural, mechanical, tribological and corrosive characterizations illustrate the impact of alloy design and special solidification conditions on the microstructure and resulting properties for the newly developed cast steels. In addition, the high potential of Fe81Cr15Mo1V2C1 and Fe80Cr15Mo1V3C1 as materials for high‐performance tools, requiring high strength besides high resistance against abrasive wear and acid corrosion, is demonstrated.
One Step Forward to Electrically Assisted Forming Mechanisms and Computer Simulation: A Review
Authors: Izadpanah Sajjad , Cao Xudong , An Dayong , Li Xifeng , Chen Jun
Published: May 2022

The electrically assisted forming (EAF) is a hybrid manufacturing process that utilizes electric current energy to improve the productivity and efficiency of the forming process. Many studies have been accomplished to investigate the effect of process parameters on its forming abilities, including pulse current effect, grain size, and current duration. There is currently a lack of agreement on the underlying mechanisms of the electroplastic effect to the formability of metallic materials through EAF, specifically on the Joule heating and electric wind's contributions. One promising solution to this dilemma is the application of computer simulation techniques for a better understanding of the physics of EAF. Therefore, this paper provides a brief review of the previous research studying the modeling of EAF and offers new solutions aiming to further the understanding of the underlying physics of this process through computer simulation approaches.