bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Compact Quantitative Phase Imaging Based on a Polarization-Dependent Varifocal Metalens
Authors: Min Qixuan , Guo Jinying , Situ Guohai
Published: August 2024

The transport-of-intensity equation is a non-interferometric method for quantitative phase imaging. We propose a compact TIE method based on a polarization-dependent varifocal metalens. Experimental results indicate precise phase reconstruction of objects by our method.
Out-of-focus Noise Elimination by Tunable Focusing in Optical Scanning Holography
Authors: Yao Yongwei , Zhang Yaping , Poon Ting-Chung
Published: August 2024

We propose an out-of-focus noise elimination method in optical scanning holography by tunable focusing. Numerical simulation results are presented to demonstrate the visibility of the proposed method.
Enhancement of large area micro-printing phase quality via aberration analysis and correction
Authors: Wdowiak Emilia , Józwik Michał , Zdańkowski Piotr , Trusiak Maciej
Published: August 2024

Large area two-photon polymerization (TPP) holds promise for diverse applications but raises concerns regarding fabrication precision across the entire printing area. Here, we scrutinize phase quality within a commercial TPP setup, employing Zernike polynomial analysis to study aberrations and suggest correction methodology.
Digital Holographic Clinical Medical Studies: Insights into Cancer Cell Morphology and Behavior
Authors: Xiao Xi , Peng Ran , Pan Feng , Coppola Sara , Ferraro Pietro , Wang Hao
Published: August 2024

Quantitative morphology and refractive index distribution of cancer cells could be pieces of evidence for clinical detection. We show how holographic tomography improve our treatment strategies by providing deeper insights into cancer cell.
Label-free assessment of intestinal inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis using digital holographic microscopy
Authors: Bokemeyer A. , Buskermolen J. , Ketelhut S. , Tepasse P.-R. , Vollenberg R. , Trebicka J. , Schmidt H. H. , Vieth M. , Bettenworth D. , Kemper Björn
Published: August 2024

We evaluated the application of quantitative phase imaging (QPI) with digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for the assessment of histopathological inflammation in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC).
Overcoming deterministic perturbations in physics-informed holographic reconstruction through joint optimization
Authors: Zhang Yunping , Lam Edmund Y.
Published: August 2024

We propose a novel holographic imaging method that jointly optimizes complex-valued magnitude and mismatched physical parameters to address degraded and erroneous reconstructions caused by physical perturbations.
Beam Shaping with 3D printed refractive, holographic and diffractive optics on fiber
Authors: Zhang Zihao , Siegle Leander , Ruchka Pavel , Flamm Daniel , Giessen Harald
Published: August 2024

We design, 3d print, and measure a 3D freeform hologram onto the tip of a single mode fiber, yielding a 3D focus shape. Particularly, we generate a spiral distribution of several separate foci in 3-dimensions.
Natural-light digital holographic cameras
Authors: Tahara Tatsuki , Shimobaba Tomoyoshi , Baba Mahiro , Kozawa Yuichi , Aljazaerly Mohamad Ammar Alsherfawi , Nakamura Tomoya
Published: August 2024

We introduce digital holographic cameras that can capture an incoherent hologram with natural light. Our cameras are portable, able to be set on a tripod stand, and suitable for motion-picture recording of incoherent holograms.
Holographic Near-eye Display with Phase-space Synthesis
Authors: Xiao Jiasheng , Zhu Runze , Zhang Hao
Published: August 2024

A holographic near-eye display based on the phase-space synthesis technique is proposed. An optimization-free algorithm for hologram generation is developed. Realistic 3D display accompanied by natural defocus blur are verified.
Enhancement of the image quality of pinhole-based lightfield near eye display using a polarized temporal multiplexing
Authors: Lee Hyeontaek , Choi Hee-Jin
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we propose a method to enhance the image quality of a pinhole-based lightfield near eye display using a polarized temporal multiplexing.
Adaptive Space-Time Digital Holography for imaging flow cytometry and tissue slide analysis
Authors: Bianco Vittorio , Wang Zhe , Brancato Valentina , Coppola Luigi , Smaldone Giovanni , D’Aiuto Massimiliano , Mossetti Gennaro , Maffettone Pier Luca , Salvatore Marco , Ferraro Pietro
Published: August 2024

Space-Time Digital Holography exploits the sample motion to obtain phase-contrast imaging in closed form using linear sensor arrays. We show its application to flow-cytometry and the digitalization of tissue slides for use in digital pathology.
Twin Image Removal using Multicolour Illumination in Lensless Reflective Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Rosca Matei , Wright Paul , Blanford Christopher F. , Grieve Bruce
Published: August 2024

A challenge for in-line holography is removing the twin image. In this study, two holograms recorded with different wavelengths are used to not only suppress the twin image but also obtain additional colour information.
Bi-directional digital holographic imaging for the quantification of the scattering phase function of natural snow
Authors: Sjödahl Mikael , Wahl Joel
Published: August 2024

A bi-directional digital holographic imaging system is presented that is designed to take images automatically out in the field. The main objective is to acquire sufficient information to be able to estimate the scattering phase function for different type of snowfall. The imaging system consists of a 3D-printed frame and two orthogonal telecentric imaging arms, one in the forward direction and one in the side scattering direction for which the reference arms are directed along different paths. All images are acquired using pulsed visible light.
Damage Detection and Formation Mechanism Analysis of Mural Microcracks
Authors: Zhang Huiling , Zhou Wenjing , Li Anqi
Published: August 2024

We established a digital holographic imaging platform for detecting mural defects and created a geometric defect model using phase information from reconstruction. By combining with molecular dynamics, we characterized mural microcracks and analyzed expansion mechanism, offering a theoretical basis for mural damage research and repair methods.
Digital holographic flow cytometry for early screening of urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Pan Feng , Xin Lu , Xiao Wen , Wang Hao , Peng Ran , Xiao Xi
Published: August 2024

In this work, we use digital holographic (DH) microscope coupled to a label-free and high-throughput flow cytometer for early screening of urothelial carcinoma (UC) cells reinforced by deep learning.
Living cells behave as micro-lenses: label-free biomarkers for diagnosis and biocompatible optical components
Authors: Miccio Lisa , Pirone Daniele , Behal Jaromir , Giugliano Giusy , Schiavo Michela , Valentino Marika , Bianco Vittorio , Memmolo Pasquale , Ferraro Pietro
Published: August 2024

Biological cells are presented as bio-lenses and their projections on next future biomedical applications are discussed. Static or in-flow conditions combined with Digital Holography figure out the interaction between bio-lensing properties and cell morphology.
Observing Morphology Changes of Bladder Cancer Cells After Radiation Using Holographic Microscopy
Authors: Peng Ran , Pan Feng , Xiao Xi , Li Xuemin , Guo Ruiping , Wang Luqi , Wang Hao
Published: August 2024

The morphological changes of irradiated urothelial bladder carcinoma cells has been revealed by digital holographic microscopy. Different doses of 6-MV X-rays were used to irradiate the cells for studying their refractive index changes.
Parallel Phase-shifting Digital Holography and Angular-Multiplexing Recording for Single-Shot Temperature Tomography
Authors: Rajput Sudheesh K. , Nana Konishi , Notte Sun , Yamaguchi Ryuki , Inoue Tomoyoshi , Nishio Kenzo , Xia Peng , Kumar Manoj , Matoba Osamu , Awatsuji Yasuhiro
Published: August 2024

We propose imaging of axially asymmetric and dynamic 3D temperature distribution of air around a heat source. Method is based on simultaneous reconstruction of phase information from various viewpoints using angular-multiplexing in parallel-phase-shifting digital holography.
Segmentation for focus prediction in time-lapse digital holographic microscopy using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tecle Melat , Koivusalo Saara , Pitkäaho Tomi , Manninen Aki , Naughton Thomas J.
Published: August 2024

Human prostate cell clusters in digital holographic microscopy time-lapse images are automatically segmented using a hologram-domain phase-based approach and passed to a convolutional neural network to determine the in-focus reconstruction depth.
Wide angle hologram, a tour from generation to display
Authors: Kozacki Tomasz , Kukołowicz Rafał , Chlipala Maksymilian , Idicula Moncy Sajeev , Gerej Izabela , Martinez-Carranza Juan
Published: August 2024

3D AR\VR technology is the future for handling information for entertainment and work. This work shows that wide-angle holograms are up to the task. We discuss end-to-end holographic solution including generation, processing, and display.
Super-resolution Self-interference Incoherent Digital Holography using Sparse Synthetic Aperture
Authors: Kim Youngrok , Seo Dong-Woo , In Chihyun , Min Sung-Wook
Published: August 2024

We proposed the resolution enhancement of self-interference incoherent digital holography using sparse acquisition. Stochastic gradient descent-based optimization is exploited to find and refine the absent holographic signals.
Compact Near-eye Display for Mixed Reality Using Micro Lens Array and Point Light Source Array
Authors: Kim Minseong , Han Woongseob , Park Jae-Hyeung
Published: August 2024

We propose a compact Maxwellian near-eye display using a micro lens array (MLA) and point light source array (PLSA). In the proposed method, the gap between the display panel and the optical system is reduced by utilizing the MLA, and the Maxwellian view is achieved by using the PLSA.
Chirp-encoded Finge-adjusted Joint Transform Correlator for 3D Object Recognition using Fresnel Holography
Authors: Mohapatra Jyoti Bikash , Kumar Ram , M. Jyothish , Nishchal Naveen K.
Published: August 2024

Three-dimensional object recognition has been explored using hologram matching. Chirp-encoded fringe-adjusted JTC is used to correlate the Fresnel holograms which extract meaningful information from the correlation output, yielding enhanced accuracy and efficiency in object recognition.
Label-free identification of T-lymphocytes in holographic microscopy empowered by machine learning
Authors: Pirone Daniele , Cavina Beatrice , Mugnano Martina , Bianco Vittorio , Miccio Lisa , Perrone Anna Myriam , Porcelli Anna Maria , Gasparre Giuseppe , Ferraro Pietro , Kurelac Ivana , Memmolo Pasquale
Published: August 2024

The precise count of T-lymphocytes is a challenging topic since whose number is demonstrated to correlate to disease severity. Here we report a method for label-free identification of T-lymphocytes through holographic microscopy and machine learning.
Large Background Produced Using Circular Convolution in Full-Parallax High-Definition Computer Holography
Authors: Imai Takeshi , Nishi Hirohito , Matsushima Kyoji
Published: August 2024

A novel technique is proposed to expand the background in 3D scenes of full-parallax high-definition computer-generated holograms without increasing the calculation time. In this technique, the periodic backdrop’s wavefield is calculated using the circular convolution.
Artificial Intelligence for Label-free cells classification in holographic microscopy
Authors: Fiore Pierpaolo , Pirone Daniele , Bardozzo Francesco , Xin Lu , Xiao Wen , Li Xiaoping , Ciaparrone Gioele , Bianco Vittorio , Miccio Lisa , Pan Feng , Memmolo Pasquale , Ferraro Pietro , Tagliaferri Roberto
Published: August 2024

Digital holography in microscopy is one of the emerging technologies to deal with biological specimen imaging without using exogenous agents. Artificial Intelligence approaches are presented here to classify label-free cells also in presence of bias.
Optimization method of overlapped CGHs for expanded eye-box in automotive holographic head-up display
Authors: Lee Jinsu , Hong Keehoon , Park Minsik
Published: August 2024

This study integrates holographic display into automotive HUDs to tackle ghost image issues. Despite SLM limitations, using SGD optimization with a 2D beam splitter and windshield expands the eye-box, eliminating ghost images. Results achieve PSNR levels of 23-26dB, demonstrating holographic HUD potential in cars without treated windshields.
Global estimation of underwater polarization imaging using image correlation
Authors: Shan Mingguang , Hu Bei , Zhong Zhi , Liu Lei , Xie Yongqiang , Li Zhongbo
Published: August 2024

A method for global estimation of underwater polarization imaging using image correlation is proposed and some experiments are carried out to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of this approach.
Multiple Image Encryption using Radial Modes of Light Beam
Authors: Shikder Allarakha , Nishchal Naveen K.
Published: August 2024

Structured light beam-based information encryption techniques offer several benefits. Exploiting some of the features, this work demonstrates a method to encrypt multiple images using an array of light beams with different radial modes.
Holographic Head-mounted Display Capable of Displaying AR in accordance with User’s Attitude Angle
Authors: Sakakihara Taichi , Sakamoto Yuji
Published: August 2024

We developed a holographic head-mounted display (Holo-HMD) that can dis-play AR in accordance with the user’s attitude angle. It performs phase compensation as a calculation algorithm for CGH, thereby enabling fast calculations.
Matched illumination condition in non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging
Authors: Zhou Shun , Li Zhuoshi , Chen Qian , Zuo Chao
Published: August 2024

Non-interferometric quantitative phase imaging based on intensity-only measurement is often plagued by low-frequency missing problems due to the difficulty of meeting matched illumination condition. Here, we analyze the reasons from the transfer function perspective and present several methods to address this challenging issue.
3D Topographic Imaging of Columnar-Thin-Film-Coated Fingermarks using Transport of Intensity
Authors: Scott Austin M. , Banerjee Partha P. , Faryad Muhammad , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: August 2024

The transport of intensity technique is used to recover 3D topograms of columnar-thin-film-coated fingermarks on various substrates. The technique is found to be especially useful for highly scattering samples, where holographic methods perform poorly.
Two-view tomographic off-axis holography for burning aluminum droplet field measurement
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Letian , Wu Yingchun , Zhao Yue , Xiong Weiqiang , Wu Shixi , Wu Xuecheng
Published: August 2024

A 50 kHz high-speed two-view tomographic digital off-axis holography with pulsed illumination is developed, and applied to measure the 3D positions of burning aluminum droplets in solid propellant combustion with high accuracy.
Archaeology in space: The Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment (SQuARE) on the International Space Station. Report 1: Squares 03 and 05
Authors: Walsh Justin St. P. , Graham Shawn , Gorman Alice C. , Brousseau Chantal , Abdullah Salma
Published: August 2024

Between January and March 2022, crew aboard the International Space Station (ISS) performed the first archaeological fieldwork in space, the Sampling Quadrangle Assemblages Research Experiment (SQuARE). The experiment aimed to: (1) develop a new understanding of how humans adapt to life in an environmental context for which we are not evolutionarily adapted, using evidence from the observation of material culture; (2) identify disjunctions between planned and actual usage of facilities on a space station; (3) develop and test techniques that enable archaeological research at a distance; and (4) demonstrate the relevance of social science methods and perspectives for improving life in space. In this article, we describe our methodology, which involves a creative re-imagining of a long-standing sampling practice for the characterization of a site, the shovel test pit. The ISS crew marked out six sample locations (“squares”) around the ISS and documented them through daily photography over a 60-day period. Here we present the results from two of the six squares: an equipment maintenance area, and an area near exercise equipment and the latrine. Using the photographs and an innovative webtool, we identified 5,438 instances of items, labeling them by type and function. We then performed chronological analyses to determine how the documented areas were actually used. Our results show differences between intended and actual use, with storage the most common function of the maintenance area, and personal hygiene activities most common in an undesignated area near locations for exercise and waste.
The use of mare’s milk for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production
Authors: Szkolnicka Katarzyna , Mituniewicz-Małek Anna , Dmytrów Izabela , Bogusławska-Wąs Elżbieta
Published: August 2024

During the last years, growing interest in the use of mare’s milk in food production is observed. The subject of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of mare’s milk for the production of yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream. Four variants of mare’s milk ice cream were developed: ice cream with yogurt bacteria without inulin (YO) and with 2% of inulin (YO+I), synbiotic ice cream with 2% inulin and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus (LCR+I) and with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (LP+I). Ice creams were enriched with inulin in order to evaluate its influence on the viability of LAB and on the product quality. Physicochemical, textural and sensory analyses were performed. Count of viable bacteria cells was also evaluated. Obtained ice creams did not differ in terms of protein, fat and total solids content (1.85–1.91%, 7.33–7.58% and 24.66–26.96% respectively), but differed in acidity. Ice cream YO, the only one without inulin, had the highest acidity, what suggests that inulin decrease this parameter. Regardless the type of LAB starter culture and inulin addition, samples had the same range of overrun (35.20–44.03%) and melting rate (73.49–79.87%). However the variant of ice cream influenced textural properties and colour parameters. All obtained mare’s milk ice creams had high overall sensory quality. It was noticed, that ice cream with inulin had higher count of LAB (>7logCFU/g), than sample without inulin (>6logCFU/g). In conclusion, mare’s milk may be considered as feasible raw material for yogurt ice cream and synbiotic ice cream production.
Dynamics and control of typhoid fever in Sheno town, Ethiopia: A comprehensive nonlinear model for transmission analysis and effective intervention strategies
Authors: Baisa Lema Abdela , Kotola Belela Samuel
Published: August 2024

This study presents a reliable mathematical model to explain the spread of typhoid fever, covering stages of susceptibility, infection, carrying, and recovery, specifically in the Sheno town community. A detailed analysis is done to ensure the solutions are positive, stay within certain limits, and are stable for both situations where the disease is absent and where it is consistently present. The Routh-Hurwitz stability criterion has been used and applied for the purpose of stability analysis. Using the next-generation matrix, we determined the intrinsic potential for disease transmission. It showing that typhoid fever is spreading actively in Sheno town, with cases above a critical level. Our findings reveal the instability of the disease-free equilibrium point alongside the stability of the endemic equilibrium point. We identified two pivotal factors for transmission of the disease: the infectious rate, representing the speed of disease transmission, and the recruitment rate, indicating the rate at which new individuals enter the susceptible population. These parameters are indispensable for devising effective control measures. It is imperative to keep these parameters below specific thresholds to maintain a basic reproduction number favorable for disease control. Additionally, the study carefully examines how different factors affect the spread of typhoid fever, giving a detailed understanding of its dynamics. At the end, this study provides valuable insights and specific strategies for managing the disease in the Sheno town community.
Genetic diversity of a Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. germplasm collection revealed by DNA Diversity Array Technology (DArTseq)
Authors: Puglisi Damiano , Pasquariello Marianna , Martinelli Tommaso , Paris Roberta , De Vita Pasquale , Pecchioni Nicola , Esposito Salvatore , Bassolino Laura
Published: August 2024

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is a multipurpose crop native to the Mediterranean and middle east regions and mainly known for the hepatoprotective properties of fruit-derived silymarin. Despite growing interest in milk thistle as a versatile crop with medicinal value, its potential in agroindustry is hindered by incomplete domestication and limited genomic knowledge, impeding the development of competitive breeding programs. The present study aimed to evaluate genetic diversity in a panel of S. marianum accessions (n = 31), previously characterized for morphological and phytochemical traits, using 5,178 polymorphic DArTseq SNP markers. The genetic structure investigated using both parametric and non-parametric approaches (e.g. PCA, AWclust, Admixture), revealed three distinctive groups reflecting geographical origins. Indeed, Pop1 grouped accessions from Central Europe and UK, Pop3 consisted mainly of accessions of Italian origin, and Pop2 included accessions from different geographical areas. Interestingly, Italian genotypes showed a divergent phenotypic distribution, particularly in fruit oleic and linoleic acid content, compared to the other two groups. Genetic differentiation among the three groups, investigated by computing pairwise fixation index (FST), confirmed a greater differentiation of Pop3 compared to other subpopulations, also based on other diversity indices (e.g. private alleles, heterozygosity). Finally, 22 markers were declared as putatively under natural selection, of which seven significantly affected some important phenotypic traits such as oleic, arachidonic, behenic and linoleic acid content. These findings suggest that these markers, and overall, the seven SNP markers identified within Pop3, could be exploited in specific breeding programs, potentially aimed at diversifying the use of milk thistle. Indeed, incorporating genetic material from Pop3 haplotypes carrying the selected loci into milk thistle breeding populations might be the basis for developing milk thistle lines with higher levels of oleic, arachidonic, and behenic acids, and lower levels of linoleic acid, paving new avenues for enhancing the nutritional and agronomic characteristics of milk thistle.
Microbial contamination of spittoons and germicidal effect of irradiation with krypton chloride excimer lamps (Far UV-C 222 nm)
Authors: Tanimoto Hiroaki , Ogawa Yoshimasa , Nambu Takayuki , Koi Toru , Ohashi Hiroyuki , Okinaga Toshinori , Yamamoto Kazuyo
Published: August 2024

Background

In dentistry, instruments, appliances, and body fluids such as saliva or blood are possible sources of infection. Although conventional antiseptic procedures effectively prevent infection, spittoons cannot be sanitized between each treated patient and are usually washed only with running water. However, there is currently no fast and efficient disinfection method that can be implemented between treatments. An optically filtered krypton chloride excimer lamp using ultraviolet light (Far UV-C) in the 200–230 nm wavelength range (innocuous to humans) has been recently used as a virus- and bacteria-inactivating technology. This study aimed to identify the bioburden of a dental spittoon and examine the susceptibility of two oral Streptococcus and two Enterococci to 222-nm Far UV-C by irradiating the spittoon with 222 nm Far UV-C for 5 min before evaluating the disinfection effect.

Methods

Bacterial analysis and real-time polymerase-chain reaction testing was used to confirm the spittoon’s biological contamination. Bacterial susceptibility to a 222-nm Far UV-C was determined with a graded dose irradiation test. After each treatment, the spittoon was irradiated with 222-nm Far UV-C for 5 min, and the disinfecting effect was evaluated. Microbial analysis of the spittoon’s surface was performed using the Silva database.

Results

We found that > 97% of the microbes consisted of six bacterial phyla, whereas no viruses were found. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was frequently detected. The 1-log reduction value of two oral-derived Streptococci and two Enterococci species at 222-nm Far UV-C was 4.5–7.3 mJ/cm2. Exposure of the spittoon to 222-nm Far UV-C at 3.6–13.5 mJ/cm2 significantly decreased bacterial counts (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Irradiation with 222-nm Far UV-C at 3.6–13.5 mJ/cm2 significantly eliminates bacteria in spittoons, even when they are only rinsed with water. Hence, 222-nm Far UV-C irradiation may inhibit the risk of bacterial transmission from droplets in sink surfaces.
Factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV: Data from the Balearic cohort (EVHIA)
Authors: Artigues Serra Francisca , Pinecki Socias Sophia , Fanjul Francisco Javier , Peñaranda Maria , Homar Francisco , Sorni Patricia , Serra Julia , Rey Adelaida , Ventayol Lola , Macia Maria Dolores , Ribas Maria Àngels , Riera Melchor
Published: August 2024

Introduction

The impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV (PLWH) has been a matter of research. We evaluated the incidence and factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis among PLWH. We also assessed factors related to vaccination coverage in the Balearic Islands.

Methods

A retrospective analytical study was performed, including patients from the Balearic cohort (EVHIA) who were visited at least twice between 1st January 2020 and 31st March 2022. Chi-square test and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare categorical and continuous variables respectively. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were estimated to identify risk factors.

Results

A total of 3567 patients with HIV were included. The median age was 51 years (IQR 44–59). Most of them were male (77,3%), from Europe (82,1%) or South America (13,8%). During the study period 1036 patients were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection (29%). The incidence rate was 153,24 cases per 1000 person-year. After multivariable analysis, men who have sex with men (MSM) were associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (adjusted hazard ratio 1,324, 95% CI 1,138–1,540), whereas African origin, tobacco use and complete or booster vaccination coverage were negatively related. Overall, complete vaccination or booster coverage was recorded in 2845 (79,75%) patients. When analysing vaccination uptake, older patients (adjusted hazard ratio 5,122, 95% CI 3,170–8,288) and those with a modified comorbidity index of 2–3 points (adjusted hazard ratio 1,492, 95% CI 1,056–2,107) had received more vaccine doses.

Conclusions

In our study no HIV related factor was associated with an increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection, except for differences in the transmission route. Possible confounding variables such as mask wearing or social interactions could not be measured. Vaccines were of utmost importance to prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection. Efforts should be made to encourage vaccination in those groups of PLWH with less coverage.
Region-specific protective effects of monomethyl fumarate in cerebellar and hippocampal organotypic slice cultures following oxygen-glucose deprivation
Authors: Althaus Oliver , ter Jung Nico , Stahlke Sarah , Theiss Carsten , Herzog-Niescery Jennifer , Vogelsang Heike , Weber Thomas , Gude Philipp , Matschke Veronika
Published: August 2024

To date, apart from moderate hypothermia, there are almost no adequate interventions available for neuroprotection in cases of brain damage due to cardiac arrest. Affected persons often have severe limitations in their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate protective properties of the active compound of dimethyl fumarate, monomethyl fumarate (MMF), on distinct regions of the central nervous system after ischemic events. Dimethyl fumarate is an already established drug in neurology with known anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this study, we chose organotypic slice cultures of rat cerebellum and hippocampus as an ex vivo model. To simulate cardiac arrest and return of spontaneous circulation we performed oxygen-glucose-deprivation (OGD) followed by treatments with different concentrations of MMF (1–30 μM in cerebellum and 5–30 μM in hippocampus). Immunofluorescence staining with propidium iodide (PI) and 4′,6-diamidine-2-phenylindole (DAPI) was performed to analyze PI/DAPI ratio after imaging with a spinning disc confocal microscope. In the statistical analysis, the relative cell death of the different groups was compared. In both, the cerebellum and hippocampus, the MMF-treated group showed a significantly lower PI/DAPI ratio compared to the non-treated group after OGD. Thus, we showed for the first time that both cerebellar and hippocampal slice cultures treated with MMF after OGD are significantly less affected by cell death.
The Intersection of LGBTQ+ Identity and Disability: A Need for School Based Support
Authors:   Kean University, Hogan Joseph
Published: August 2024

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2023), it is estimated that there are over 61 million individuals who report having a disability, whether academic, behavioral, or medical. In addition, the US Census Bureau’s Household Pulse Survey (2023) revealed that there are approximately 20 million people who openly identify as LGBTQ+. When examining each demographic together, it is reported that there are approximately three to five million LGBTQ+ individuals who report having a disability (Movement Advancement Project, 2019). These statistics reveal the need to analyze these intersecting experiences.
Analytic Model of Capture Probability for Salvo of Two Electromagnetic Launched Anti Torpedo Torpedoes
Authors: Wu Baoqi , Guan Xiaocun , Guan Shaohua
Published: August 2024

To pre-estimate the capture probability of electromagnetic coil salvo two anti-torpedo torpedoes (ATTs), an analytic model is proposed. Based on the analysis of the influencing factors, including the target position dispersion of the incoming torpedo, the entry point’s dispersion of the electromagnetic launched ATT, the underwater tracking speed and heading error of the ATT, and the differences between the salvo and single launch mode, a single integral analytic model of the capture probability is established. The course errors of the ATTs are comprehensively calculated utilizing search model, and the search boundaries of the two ATTs are calculated using the geometric method, taking the optimal searching course of the virtual single launch ATT as the desired searching course of the parallel salvo of the two ATTs. The calculation results of the proposed analytic model are consistent with the statistical results of the Monte Carlo approach through simulation comparison and analysis. The proposed analytic model’s consequences for decision-making and effect assessment are discussed.
Unveiling the Impact of Extreme Learning Machine in the Defence and Military Sector
Authors: Pande Shubhangi , Rathore Neeraj Kumar , Purohit Anuradha
Published: August 2024

Among the most well-known machine learning algorithms, Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has seen widespread use across a variety of fields, including the defence and military industries. For problems like sluggish technique and iteratively altering the hidden layer’s parameters to optimise the efficiency of the gradient descent approach, a cutting-edge machine learning algorithm known as the ELM has been developed. Depending on the specific objective and circumstance, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) may be more appropriate than Deep Neural Network (DNN) techniques. The models constructed in this manner perform quite well in generalisation. The following three goals are emphasised in its unconventional structure: 1) A great degree of accuracy in learning 2) less need for direct human involvement 3) an extremely rapid rate of learning, and moreover, it provides an optimal response for the whole world. As a result of its quick training, flexibility, and resilience, the Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) has several uses in this field, including target detection and tracking, image and signal processing, cybersecurity and intrusion detection, decision support systems, pattern recognition and classification, etc. According to our findings, the ELM approach was used with low training time and the testing accuracy is excellent. Also, this study presents the contribution of the revolutionary machine learning algorithm ELM to the defence and military sectors.
Novel Selective Maintenance Approach to Ensure Mission Reliability of Armored Vehicles Considering Multiple Deployment Roles in Distinct Operating Profiles
Authors: Mohril Ram S. , Solanki Bhupendra S. , Majumdar Joydeep , Lad Bhupesh K. , Kulkarni Makarand S.
Published: August 2024

Given the gravity of the element of surprise in modern warfare, military forces worldwide are constantly attempting to achieve and maintain operational readiness of their critical military equipment. Selective Maintenance (SM) is considered an effective approach for achieving system operational readiness. Effective use of the SM approach for military equipment requires considering various military-specific factors such as multiple deployment roles, distinct operating profiles, human reliability, and the use of refurbished or non-OEM spares. This makes the SM approach for military systems very challenging. This paper presents an approach that formulates the SM problem intending to achieve and maintain the required level of operational readiness for predefined future missions from a military viewpoint. This approach employs a novel methodology that estimates the mission reliability of military equipment while modeling the combined impact of several important military-specific factors. This complex yet necessary integration of various military-specific factors makes the present approach accurate and apt to the exact modus operandi of the armed forces. The developed approach is demonstrated for the maintenance of armored vehicles deployed on distinct missions under different operating conditions. Numerical investigations illustrate the efficacy of the present approach and highlight its advantages over the conventional maintenance approach.
Characterization of Fecal Sludge Combined with Sawdust as Briquettes
Authors: Wulandari Suci , Komala Puti Sri , Raharjo Slamet
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to characterize fecal sludge (FS) combined with sawdust (SD) as non-charcoal briquettes. The combination consists of var.1 (FS 75% : SD 25%), var.2 (FS 50% : SD 50%), and var.3 (FS 25% : SD 75%). Fecal sludge was obtained from the sludge drying bed of a fecal sludge treatment plant (FSTP) in Malang City, and sawdust was obtained from the furniture workshop. Labor scale briquettes were produced, measured and analyzed the calorific value (ASTM D 5865-01), proximate analysis (SNI 06-3730-1995 and SNI 01-6235-2000), sulfur (ASTM D3177), and density (SNI 8021-2020). The characteristic results the moisture content 3.26%-7.57%, volatile matter 48.68%-68.97%, ash content 12.02%-32.97%, fixed carbon 11.44%–26.62%, calorific value 4,237.78–5.158.64 cal/g, sulfur 0.23%–0.41%, and density 0.50-0.68 (g/cm3). Compared with pure fecal sludge briquettes, the addition of sawdust increased the calorific value of fecal sludge briquettes by up to 32% and decreased ash content by up to 40%. All variations met the standard of SNI 8021:2020, except for the density for var.2 and var 3. Based on MCA, the best variation is var.2 with a score of 45 and requires modification for density to meet the standard of SNI 8021:2020.
Open-Bin Composting for Enhancing the Processed Fecal Sludge Quality with Co-Composting Materials as Admixture
Authors: Direstiyani Lucky Caesar , Gouw Fernando , Pratama Mochamad Adhiraga
Published: August 2024

Processed fecal sludge generated from a sludge treatment plant rich of organic content, micronutrients, and several heavy metals that might potentially exist. Composting process recognized as a promising and cost-effective method to improve the sludge quality. The composting process was carried out in this study by using modified Compost Bag with processed sludge from fecal sludge treatment plant as the main material and organic waste and dry leaves as co-composting materials. The macro-micronutrients and heavy metal concentration of the produced compost were further analyzed. The potential application was also considered by indulging the risk assessment. The main and co-composting materials were investigated in three different ratios of processed fecal sludge (S), organic waste (OW), and dry leaves (DL) to get the optimum composition that meet the compost quality standard. Compost R2 with the ratio of 50S: 25OW: 25DL as an optimum composition which resulted good quality compost with the C/N ratio of 10.29, Total P2O5 about 2.45%, Total K2O of 0.38%, and the Cu removal up to 91.17%. The produced Compost R2 has met the compost quality standard with Hazard Quotient (HQ) for non-carcinogenic effects less than 1 revealed no potential for disease-causing effects thus safe to be used in daily life.
Determining Water Quality Status and Assimilation Capacity of Pollutant Loads in West Lombok Regency
Authors: Ramdlan M Said , Widiyanti Astrini , Rizkiadi Hilman , Sidiq Muhamad Arif , Ihwan Khaerul
Published: August 2024

Babak watershed is one of the essential watersheds in Lombok Island providing water supply for irrigation, fish pool, drinking water supply, and micro-hydro power plant. Excessive human activities degrade the water quality of Babak watershed, and more pollutants are present in the water column. Thus, this study aims to determine Babak watershed's water quality status and assimilating capacity to plan effective and holistic mitigation measures properly. The study calculates the pollution index (PI) using a formula based on the Minister of Environment No.115/2003 Decree and assimilating capacity (AC) based on the Minister of Environment No.110/2003 Decree. The results found that Babak watershed is lightly polluted, defined by exceeding chemical parameters such as DO, total phosphate, nitrite, and dissolved iron (Fe). Similarly, these parameters (total phosphate, nitrite, and Dissolved iron (Fe) also reached the maximum assimilation capacity of Babak watershed to contain and self-purify these pollutants from the water column. Thus, planning mitigation and adaptation measures are required to prevent further contaminations in this watershed.
Determining the Location of Solar Power Plant in Indonesia Using Fuzzy-AHP TOPSIS
Authors: Pratami Putri Monika , Iskandar Yelita Anggiane , Rachmawati Nur Layli
Published: August 2024

Solar is a promising renewable energy source for Indonesia's increasing electricity demand, which grows at the rate of 3.3% annually. However, high investment costs and unclear policies hinder Solar Power Plant (SPP) development. Considering the potential for growth in energy demand and the low long-term operational costs, it is imperative to foster SPP expansion in Indonesia. This study aims to identify location criteria and potential SPP development sites in Indonesia. We employ Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) combining Fuzzy-AHP and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) methodologies to assign criteria weights and prioritize alternative SPP locations. Results show that, from all respondents using the geometric mean in the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), it is found that the Economic criteria give the highest weight at 31%, and subcriteria of Land Availability, Peak Sun Hours, Geographic Location, Distance from Transportation Networks, Construction Costs, and Government Regulations contribute significantly. The ranking of alternative solutions indicates that South Sumatra Province holds the highest priority for SPP development with a 0.572 score, closely followed by North Sumatra at 0.571
Spirulina Platensis as Biocoagulant to Reduce Turbidity and Total Suspended Solids in Domestic Wastewater
Authors: Nur Afifah Fathiya , Rachmalia Fayza Nur , Ananda Rizky Frista , Khairunnisa Hasna , Ulhaq Filardhiani Nida , Kusumaningrum Lia
Published: August 2024

It is essential to treat wastewater before it is discharged into water bodies. The wastewater treatment method that is widely used is coagulation using the synthetic coagulant PAC, whose continuous use can harm human health and reduce the pH value of the water. Therefore, wastewater treatment innovation is needed to overcome this problem. This study will examine the potential of Spirulina platensis as a biocoagulant to reduce turbidity and TSS. This research was conducted in 3 stages, starting from the extraction, protein test, and optimum dose test. The results showed that Spirulina platensis has 0.0114375% protein in 20 gr and can reduce the lowest turbidity at doses of 10-5 ml / L and 10-10 ml / L (in 2 injections) with an effectiveness value of reducing turbidity levels by 63.02% and able to reduce the lowest TSS levels at doses 10-10 ml / L (in 2 injections ) with an effectiveness value of reducing levels by 85%. Based on the Wilcoxon test, it was found that the P-value < 0.05, which means that there is a significant difference in TSS values and turbidity between the results before and after Spirulina platensis biocoagulant treatment.
Comparative Analysis of IL-8 and CXCL-1 Production by Normal and Cancer Stromal Fibroblasts
Authors: Szabo P. , Valach J. , Smetana K. , Dvořánková Barbora
Published: August 2024

It has been shown that fibroblasts within the stroma of malignant tumours can affect the tumour’s biological character, influencing such properties as local aggressiveness and metastasis potential. This influence is asserted via paracrine secretion of multiple cell factors, including chemokines. This study demonstrates that both normal keratinocytes and cancer cells can stimulate the secretion of chemokines IL-8 and CXCL-1 from normal dermal fibroblasts and stromal fibroblasts from squamous cell carcinoma. The effect of epithelia on normal fibroblasts leads to a transient secretory change, in contrast to stromal fibroblasts which generate a more prolonged one. This observation demonstrates that stimulated expression of both IL-8 and CXCL-1 is not specific to cancer, supporting the hypothesis that similar mechanisms exist between wound healing and oncogenesis. It also shows that stromal fibroblasts isolated from a tumour have significantly different features from normal fibroblasts.
Efficient development technology of Upper Paleozoic Lower Shihezi tight sandstone gas reservoir in northeastern Ordos Basin
Authors: Lei Tao , Shao Longkan , Xu Yanzheng , Yin Chao
Published: August 2024

The Lower Shihezi Formation of the Upper Paleozoic at the northeastern margin of the Ordos Basin develops widely distributed thick massive and multilayer gas reservoirs. How to formulate an effective development policy is a difficult and hot spot. In this article, reservoir characteristics and production capacity influencing factors of the tight gas sandstone in Lower Shihezi Formation in this area are systematically studied, and optimization schemes of development measures for massive and multilayer gas reservoirs are proposed. The results show that the petrophysical characteristics of the small pore–mesopore type gas reservoir in the target layer are the best, with the average porosity, permeability, and coordination number of 7.6%, 0.74 mD, and 3.3, respectively. Thick sand body, high structural position, good petrophysical properties, and high drilling rate of sandstone are all conducive to drilling high production gas wells. Development policies for massive and multilayer gas reservoirs have been formulated: (1) the preferred well type for massive gas reservoir is vertical well + horizontal well, while the preferred well type for multilayer gas reservoir is horizontal well + stepped horizontal well; (2) the reasonable horizontal segment length of massive gas reservoir is 1,000 m, and the reasonable horizontal segment length of multilayer gas reservoir is 1,250 m; (3) similar to massive and multilayer gas reservoirs, the more the fracture stages, the higher the cumulative gas production, and the optimal fracture stage number of both gas reservoirs is 8; (4) the optimal fracture half-length and the angle between the fracture and the horizontal section are 140 m and 90°, respectively; and (5) the reasonable well spacing of vertical wells is 600 m and that of horizontal wells is 750 m. The development policy proposed in this study is suitable for the efficient development of complex tight sandstone gas reservoirs in similar areas.
Lymphedema in Turner syndrome: correlations with phenotype and karyotype
Authors: Ikomi Chijioke , Blatt Julie , Ghofrani Simon , Zhang Ran , Ross Judith , Law Jennifer R.
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Lymphedema (LD) in Turner syndrome (TS) is a commonly reported comorbidity, though its associations with karyotype and other comorbidities are poorly understood. Characteristics of patients with TS and LD, including correlation with phenotype and karyotype, are described.

Methods

Medical records of patients with TS seen in two pediatric institutions from 2002 to 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic data (age, presentation onset, clinical features, genetics, LD presence, investigations, treatments) were collected.

Results

393 girls with TS with mean age of 12.5 years (SD: 5.7) were identified. LD was noted in 37 % of patients (n=146). Among the 112 patients with TS and documentation of onset of LD, LD was noted within the first year of life in 78.6 % (n=88). 67.6 % (n=96) of total patients with TS and LD had non-mosaic 45, X karyotype. Frequency of webbed neck was significantly greater in girls with TS and LD compared with girls without LD (58 vs. 7 %, p<0.001). Congenital heart anomalies, hypertension, and renal anomalies were also more common in girls with LD. Nail abnormalities with presence of hypoplastic or dysplastic nails were significantly associated with LD (OR: 6.784, 95 % CI 4.235–11.046). The number of girls reporting presence of LD decreased with age.

Conclusions

LD in TS often occurs within the first year of life, is less prevalent in older children and adolescents, and is significantly associated with 45, X karyotype, presence of webbed neck, nail changes, congenital heart anomalies, and renal anomalies.