bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biological and morphological aspects of Plectris aliena (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae) in sugarcane in Brazil
Authors: Gomes Elias Soares , Ávila Crébio José , Cherman Mariana Alejandra
Published: February 2021

Plectris aliena (Coleoptera, Melolonthidae) Chapin is a species already recorded causing serious damage to various cultures in North America and Australia. Although its occurrence has recently been reported in Brazil, information about its distribution, taxonomy, and biology is limited. Thus, this study aims to report this new occurrence of P. aliena in Deodápolis (Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil), as well as to present bioecological and morphological aspects of this species. In this way, the seasonal distribution and the life cycle was studied in the years 2017 and 2018. The larvae were sampled through trenches made in the soil and reared in the laboratory. Adults were captured using “Luiz de Queiroz” light traps. Adults have body with dense white hairs, antennae with 10 antenomeres; they measure approximately 12 mm in length, and their antennal lamellae are larger for males than females. The larvae reach 30 mm in length in the third stage and pupae show about 19 mm in length. The life cycle of this species is univoltine. Due to the great diversity of Plectris and the scarce information available about this species in South America, this study will facilitate its identification in the field and indicate the best time for monitoring in sugarcane crop.
Contribution to the knowledge of Atrichobrunettia Satchel, 1953 (Diptera, Psychodidae) from Brazil
Authors: Araújo Maíra Xavier , Bravo Freddy
Published: February 2021

A new species of moth-fly, Atrichobrunettia (Polibrunettia) longipalpis sp. nov. (Psychodinae, Psychodidae), from the Brazilian Atlantic Rain Forest is described. It can be distinguished from other species of the subgenus mainly by the length of palpus that is longer and by the dentate distal margin of hypandrium. Here the distribution of A. angelae Bravo, 2006 and A. paranaensis Bravo, 2005 is reviewed and morphological data to A. paranaensis Bravo, 2006 is given to complement the original description of the species.
Desfazendo o consenso: lógica subalterna nos altares dos Lares Augusti
Authors: Bueno Giovanni Pando
Published: February 2021

Dentre as reformas religiosas promovidas por Augusto durante seu Principado (27 a.C. – 14 d.C.) estava o culto aos Lares compitales, praticado em encruzilhadas pela iniciativa de magistri vici (libertos, em sua maioria), que se tornam então Lares Augusti. Encarou-se essa mudança como prova do reconhecimento demonstrado pelas camadas subalternas ao novo Princeps de Roma e à ideologia hegemônica da Era Augustana, caracterizada como um período de consenso geral. Neste artigo, através da análise iconográfica de dois altares do novo culto, investigaremos a agência histórica dos magistri e a mobilização das imagens e da materialidade dos altares para expressar seus interesses próprios.
A criminosa história de Roma sem a letra "L", por Fulgêncio, o Mitógrafo: tradução do livro XI do lipograma De aetatibus mundi et hominis
Authors: Santos Júnior Cristóvão José dos
Published: February 2021

Esta é a primeira tradução sob a forma de lipograma e a primeira para a língua portuguesa do Livro XI da De aetatibus mundi et hominis. Essa composição é o mais antigo lipograma concretamente atestado, assumindo significativa relevância para a História da Arte. A De aetatibus é atribuída a Fulgêncio, o Mitógrafo (final do séc. V - início do séc. VI d.C.), pertencendo à Antiguidade Tardia, um período ainda pouco examinado em pesquisas desenvolvidas no Brasil. Neste lipograma, são retratadas as idades do mundo e da humanidade através de uma diretriz moral cristã que assinala um conjunto de valores de um homem medieval atravessado por influências do pensamento patrístico, de modo que o trabalho ora apresentado também se demonstra útil para estudos históricos, teológicos e filosóficos. Note-se, por fim, que, na seção apresentada, são indicados alguns episódios da história criminosa de Roma sem o emprego de vocábulos que apresentem a letra ‘l’, o que foi mantido em nossa proposta tradutória, que partiu da edição crítica estabelecida pelo filólogo latinista Rudolf Helm (Fvlgentii, 1898).
Amlethus antes de Hamlet – Herói nórdico moldado em latim
Authors: Freitas Renata Cazarini de
Published: February 2021

O mais famoso personagem da dramaturgia shakespeariana, o melancólico príncipe da Dinamarca, Hamlet, tem sua origem primeira numa lenda nórdica relatada em latim por Saxo Grammaticus, autor do século XII sobre o qual se sabe pouco se sabe. A rota de transmissão do texto da saga “Gesta Danorum” é conhecida, mas há percalços que não permitem afirmar categoricamente que o bardo inglês tenha tido contato direto com a versão latina da história. Independente disso, conhecer o personagem que dá início a uma trajetória literária que parece interminável é crucial para os estudos da dramaturgia. Apresento neste artigo considerações sobre os personagens de Saxo e de Shakespeare, assim como o trecho inicial da minha tradução do latim para o português dos episódios de Amlethus, inéditos em nossa língua.
Mundaréu: um podcast de Antropologia como uma ferramenta polivalente
Authors: Fleischer Soraya , Mota Julia Couto da
Published: February 2021

Este artigo trata de caracterizar o processo de criação do Mundaréu, um dos primeiros podcasts de Antropologia lançados no país. Ele é produzido em parceria entre o Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Jornalismo (LABJOR) na Universidade Estadual de Campinas e o Departamento de Antropologia na Universidade de Brasília. O artigo discute o que é podcast, podcasting, podosfera, podcasts como divulgação científica, e o formato de podcasting em Antropologia para as atividades de ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Apresenta e reflete sobre as etapas de produção do Mundaréu e seu processo de criação no último biênio.
Sembapatrimonioimaterial.com: performances locais, narrativas nacionais imaginadas, diálogos a partir do terreno
Authors: Soares Andre Castro
Published: February 2021

Das performances “ao vivo” para as performances na “internet”, o semba em Angola e o seu processo de patrimonialização tem provocado discussões entre a comunidade de práticas (Wenger-Trayner e Wenger-­Trayner 2015) e outras comunidades imaginadas (Anderson 1983). Neste artigo partiremos do caso prático de uma investigação em curso, que recorre a um trabalho de colaboração com interlocutores privilegiados na construção da página de internet como estratégia metodológica: sembapatrimonioimaterial.com. A partir das publicações colaborativas com os interlocutores debatem-se dissensos (Rancière e Corcoran 2010) nas visões e versões patrimoniais do presente para o passado (Macdonald 2013).
Amaculo manihamba: canções de caminhar de mulheres de uma região transfronteiriça ao sul do continente africano
Authors: Giesbrecht Erica
Published: February 2021

No oeste de Maputaland, uma região fronteiriça localizada na junção da África do Sul, Moçambique e Suazilândia, Song Walking examina a políticas territoriais, seu papel nas memórias e suas evoluções. Angela Impey explora relatos contrastantes acerca deste triângulo estratégico pouco conhecido, contrapondo narrativas textuais com as memórias de um grupo de mulheres idosas cujas canções e atividades diárias trazem narrativas e pontos de vista subalternos sobre a dinâmica na fronteira. Realizada durante a travessia de vastas distâncias com o acompanhamento da harpa bucal Isitweletwele, a etnografia de Impey encontra, nas canções de caminhadas femininas (amaculo manihamba), uma miríade de impactos sobre a propriedade, meios de subsistência e sentidos de localização causados por políticas de conservação ambiental transfronteiriça internacionalmente guiadas. Este livro vincula a pesquisa etnomusicológica aos temas mais amplos de desenvolvimento internacional, conservação do meio ambiente, gênero e acesso a recursos para fins econômicos locais. Song Walking atesta as dimensões afetivas, espaciais e econômicas do lugar, demonstrando que os processos de desenvolvimento são essencialmente culturais e revelando como a música se presta à expressão de sujeitos silenciados, ao mesmo tempo em que contribui para um alinhamento mais inclusivo e culturalmente apropriado entre as políticas fundiária e ambiental e necessidades e práticas locais.
Musicando localidades, localizando musicares
Authors: Braga Gibran Teixeira
Published: February 2021

Nesta coletânea de fôlego, as editoras Suzel A. Reily e Katherine Brucher apresentam um vasto panorama composto por dezenas de artigos oriundos de diversas partes do globo, que trazem em comum o esforço de discutir as várias possibilidades de conexão entre as noções de musicar e localidade. Ao longo destes vários artigos, apreendemos o papel da música para além das leituras mais restritas que tendem a focar apenas na obra, no produto. A articulação entre a produção da localidade e o musicar como um complexo emaranhado de construção de significados e de encontros sociais é apresentada nos mais diversos contextos nesta coletânea.
Relembrando Marc-Henri Piault (1933-2020)
Authors: Peixoto Clarice E.
Published: February 2021

In Memoriam, Marc-Henri Piault (1933-2020).
New Insight Into Metformin-Induced Cholesterol-Lowering Effect Crosstalk Between Glucose and Cholesterol Homeostasis via ChREBP (Carbohydrate-Responsive Element-Binding Protein)-Mediated PCSK9 (Proprotein Convertase Subtilisin/Kexin Type 9) Regulation
Authors: Hu Die , Guo Yanhong , Wu Renrong , Shao Tiannan , Long Junke , Yu Bilian , Wang Huilun , Luo Yonghong , Lu Haocheng , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene , Peng Daoquan
Published: February 2021

Objective:

Metformin, a first-line drug for treating individuals with type 2 diabetes, exerts beneficial effects on cholesterol-lowering, yet its precise mechanism has not been established.

Approach and Results:

In 2 dyslipidemia mouse models, administration of metformin significantly decreased serum cholesterol and PCSK9 (proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9) levels, accompanied by decreased expression of PCSK9 in both mRNA and protein levels resulting in a 3-fold increase of LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in the liver. In human hepatocytes, metformin treatment suppressed the PCSK9 transcription. Depressed transcription was driven by a glucose sensor, the ChREBP (carbohydrate-responsive element-binding protein) but not by the intracellular cholesterol sensor, the SREBP2 (sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2). We further identified PCSK9 as a novel target gene of ChREBP. Metformin decreased the expression of ChREBP and inhibited its transcriptional activity by blocking its nuclear translocation attributed to the decreased intracellular glucose and glucose metabolites levels. Moreover, metformin treatment significantly decreased serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and PCSK9 levels in nondiabetic individuals.

Conclusions:

Collectively, we revealed a new mechanism of action of metformin in cholesterol-lowering and identified a novel crosstalk signal between glucose and cholesterol homeostasis via ChREBP-mediated PCSK9 regulation.
Molecular Mechanisms of Diaphragm Myopathy in Humans With Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Mangner Norman , Garbade Jens , Heyne Estelle , van den Berg Marloes , Winzer Ephraim B. , Hommel Jennifer , Sandri Marcus , Jozwiak-Nozdrzykowska Joanna , Meyer Anna L. , Lehmann Sven , Schmitz Clara , Malfatti Edoardo , Schwarzer Michael , Ottenheijm Coen A.C. , Bowen T. Scott , Linke Axel , Adams Volker
Published: February 2021

Rationale:

Diaphragm weakness impairs quality of life, exercise capacity, and survival in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. However, the underlying cellular mechanisms responsible in humans remain poorly resolved.

Objectives:

We prospectively evaluated clinical, functional (in vivo/in vitro), histological/ultrastructural, and molecular alterations of the diaphragm from patients with CHF receiving a left ventricular assist device compared with patients without CHF undergoing elective coronary bypass grafting (control) in the observational LIPAMUS-HF (Lipsia Diaphragm And Muscle Heart Failure).

Methods and Results:

Participants (controls=21, CHF=18) underwent cardiopulmonary exercise and spirometry/respiratory muscle testing alongside diaphragm and cardiac imaging. Diaphragm biopsies were phenotyped for mitochondrial respiration, muscle fiber function, histology/ultrastructure, and protein expression.

In vivo respiratory muscle function and diaphragm thickness were reduced in CHF by 38% and 23%. Diaphragm biopsies revealed a fiber-type shift and severe fiber atrophy in CHF alongside elevated proteasome-dependent proteolysis (ie, MuRF1 [muscle-specific RING finger protein 1] expression, ubiquitination, ubiquitin-proteasome activity) and myofibrillar protein oxidation, which corresponded to upregulated Nox (NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase] oxidase; Nox2/Nox4) signaling. Mitochondria demonstrated severe intrinsic functional and ultrastructural abnormalities in CHF characterized by accumulation of small mitochondria and inhibited autophagy/mitophagy. Single muscle fiber contractile function revealed reduced Ca
2+
sensitivity in CHF and there was evidence of RyR1 (ryanodine receptor 1) dysfunction indicating Ca
2+
leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Mitochondrial and Ca
2+
measures corresponded to upregulated Nox4 isoform NADPH oxidase expression. Molecular markers correlated to whole-body exercise intolerance and diaphragm dysfunction/wasting.

Conclusions:

Patients with CHF demonstrate an obvious diaphragm myopathy independent of disuse or other confounding factors, such as aging, obesity, or hypertension. Diaphragm weakness in CHF was associated with intracellular abnormalities characterized by fiber atrophy, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, impaired Ca
2+
homeostasis, elevated proteasome-dependent proteolysis, but inhibited autophagy/mitophagy, which we speculate offers a novel therapeutic molecular target regulated by a Nox-MuRF1/ubiquitin-proteasome-mitochondria-RyR1/Ca
2+
signaling axis.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT02663115.
Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy With Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy
Authors: Liao Yi-Chu , Hu Yu-Chen , Chung Chih-Ping , Wang Yen-Feng , Guo Yuh-Cherng , Tsai Yu-Shuen , Lee Yi-Chung
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is a monogenic cerebral small vessel disease. The role of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in CADASIL remains elusive. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and risk factors for ICH in CADASIL.

Methods:

This retrospective cross-sectional study investigated ICH and cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) in brain susceptibility-weighted imaging or T2*-weighted gradient-recalled echo images of 127 Taiwanese patients with genetically confirmed CADASIL. We analyzed CMBs, lacunes, white matter hyperintensity, and perivascular space. The total small vessel disease score (range, 0–4) was calculated to estimate the overall magnetic resonance imaging burden of small vessel disease. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify factors related to ICH lesions in CADASIL.

Results:

Thirty-seven ICH lesions, including 15 symptomatic and 22 asymptomatic lesions, were found in 27 (21.3% [95% CI, 14.0%–30.9%]) of the 127 patients with CADASIL. The thalamus and lobar regions were the most common ICH locations, and 72.7% of the lobar hemorrhages occurred silently. Patients with CADASIL with ICH lesions more often had hypertension and a higher total small vessel disease score than those without ICH (odds ratio [95% CI]: 3.22 [1.25–8.30] and 3.79 [1.51–9.51]). The presence of CMBs in the brain stem and a total CMB count >10 were independently associated with ICH lesions in patients with CADASIL, with odds ratio (95% CI) of 5.82 (1.80–18.80) and 3.83 (1.08–13.67), respectively.

Conclusions:

ICH is an underestimated but important manifestation of CADASIL. The location and number of CMBs are associated with the presence of ICH lesions in patients with CADASIL.
Acute Ischemic Stroke and COVID-19
Authors: Qureshi Adnan I. , Baskett William I. , Huang Wei , Shyu Daniel , Myers Danny , Raju Murugesan , Lobanova Iryna , Suri M. Fareed K. , Naqvi S. Hasan , French Brandi R. , Siddiq Farhan , Gomez Camilo R. , Shyu Chi-Ren
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Acute ischemic stroke may occur in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but risk factors, in-hospital events, and outcomes are not well studied in large cohorts. We identified risk factors, comorbidities, and outcomes in patients with COVID-19 with or without acute ischemic stroke and compared with patients without COVID-19 and acute ischemic stroke.

Methods:

We analyzed the data from 54 health care facilities using the Cerner deidentified COVID-19 dataset. The dataset included patients with an emergency department or inpatient encounter with discharge diagnoses codes that could be associated to suspicion of or exposure to COVID-19 or confirmed COVID-19.

Results:

A total of 103 (1.3%) patients developed acute ischemic stroke among 8163 patients with COVID-19. Among all patients with COVID-19, the proportion of patients with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and congestive heart failure was significantly higher among those with acute ischemic stroke. Acute ischemic stroke was associated with discharge to destination other than home or death (relative risk, 2.1 [95% CI, 1.6–2.4];
P
<0.0001) after adjusting for potential confounders. A total of 199 (1.0%) patients developed acute ischemic stroke among 19 513 patients without COVID-19. Among all ischemic stroke patients, COVID-19 was associated with discharge to destination other than home or death (relative risk, 1.2 [95% CI, 1.0–1.3];
P
=0.03) after adjusting for potential confounders.

Conclusions:

Acute ischemic stroke was infrequent in patients with COVID-19 and usually occurs in the presence of other cardiovascular risk factors. The risk of discharge to destination other than home or death increased 2-fold with occurrence of acute ischemic stroke in patients with COVID-19.
Clinical Relevance of Cortical Cerebral Microinfarcts on 1.5T Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Late-Adult Population
Authors: Hilal Saima , Doolabi Arwin , Vrooman Henri , Ikram M. Kamran , Ikram M. Arfan , Vernooij Meike W.
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

Cortical cerebral microinfarcts (CMIs) have been linked with dementia and impaired cognition in cross-sectional studies. However, the clinical relevance of CMIs in a large population-based setting is lacking. We examine the association of cortical CMIs detected on 1.5T magnetic resonance imaging with cardiovascular risk factors, cerebrovascular disease, and brain tissue volumes. We further explore the association between cortical CMIs with cognitive decline and risk of stroke, dementia, and mortality in the general population.

Methods:

Two thousand one hundred fifty-six participants (age: 75.7±5.9 years, women: 55.6%) with clinical history and baseline magnetic resonance imaging (January 2009–December 2013) were included from the Rotterdam Study. Cortical CMIs were graded based on a previously validated method. Markers of cerebrovascular disease and brain tissue volumes were assessed on magnetic resonance imaging. Cognition was assessed using a detailed neuropsychological test at baseline and at 5 years of follow-up. Data on incident stroke, dementia, and mortality were included until January 2016.

Results:

Two hundred twenty-seven individuals (10.5%) had ≥1 cortical CMIs. The major risk factors of cortical CMIs were male sex, current smoking, history of heart disease, and stroke. Furthermore, presence of cortical CMIs was associated with infarcts and smaller brain volume. Persons with cortical CMIs showed cognitive decline in Stroop tests (color-naming and interference subtasks; β for color-naming, 0.18 [95% CI, 0.04–0.33],
P
interaction ≤0.001 and β for interference subtask, 1.74, [95% CI, 0.66–2.82],
P
interaction ≤0.001). During a mean follow-up of 5.2 years, 73 (4.3%) individuals developed incident stroke, 95 (5.1%) incident dementia, and 399 (19.2%) died. People with cortical CMIs were at an increased risk of stroke (hazard ratio, 1.18 [95% CI, 1.09–1.28]) and mortality (hazard ratio, 1.09 [95% CI, 1.00–1.19]).

Conclusions:

Cortical CMIs are highly prevalent in a population-based setting and are associated with cardiovascular disease, cognitive decline, and increased risk of stroke and mortality. Future investigations will have to show whether cortical CMIs are a useful biomarker to intervene upon to reduce the burden of stroke.
Green Tea and Coffee Consumption and All-Cause Mortality Among Persons With and Without Stroke or Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Teramoto Masayuki , Muraki Isao , Yamagishi Kazumasa , Tamakoshi Akiko , Iso Hiroyasu
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

The effect of green tea and coffee consumption on mortality among cardiovascular diseases survivors is unknown. We examined the association between green tea and coffee consumption and mortality among persons with and without stroke or myocardial infarction (MI).

Methods:

In the Japan Collaborative Cohort Study, 46 213 participants (478 stroke survivors, 1214 MI survivors, and 44 521 persons without a history of stroke or MI), aged 40 to 79 years at baseline (1988–1990), completed a lifestyle, diet, and medical history questionnaire and were followed up regarding mortality until 2009. The Cox proportional hazard model was used to calculate the multivariable hazard ratios with 95% CIs of all-cause mortality after adjusting for potential confounding factors.

Results:

During the 18.5-year median follow-up period, 9253 cases were documented. Green tea consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality among stroke or MI survivors; the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) for stroke survivors were 0.73 (0.42–1.27) for 1 to 6 cups/wk, 0.65 (0.36–1.15) for 1 to 2 cups/d, 0.56 (0.34–0.92) for 3 to 4 cups/d, 0.52 (0.31–0.86) for 5 to 6 cups/d, and 0.38 (0.20–0.71) for ≥7 cups/d, compared with nondrinkers. A similar inverse association was observed for MI survivors, but not evident for those without a history of stroke or MI. Coffee consumption was inversely associated with all-cause mortality in persons without a history of stroke or MI; the multivariable hazard ratios (95% CIs) were 0.86 (0.82–0.91) for 1 to 6 cups/wk, 0.86 (0.80–0.92) for 1 cup/d, and 0.82 (0.77–0.89) for ≥2 cups/d, compared with nondrinkers. The corresponding hazard ratios (95% CIs) for MI survivors were 0.69 (0.53–0.91), 0.78 (0.55–1.10), and 0.61 (0.41–0.90). No such association was observed for stroke survivors.

Conclusions:

Green tea consumption can be beneficial in improving the prognosis for stroke or MI survivors, whereas coffee consumption can also be so for persons without a history of stroke or MI as well as MI survivors.
Ultra-Early Cerebral Thrombosis Formation After Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage Detected on T2* Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Wang Zhepei , Chen Jingyin , Toyota Yasunori , Keep Richard F. , Xi Guohua , Hua Ya
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

The mechanisms of brain damage during ultra-early subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) have not been well studied. The current study examined the SAH-induced hyperacute brain damage at 4 hours using magnetic resonance imaging and brain histology in a mouse model.

Methods:

SAH was induced by endovascular perforation in adult mice. First, adult male wild-type mice underwent magnetic resonance imaging T2 and T2* 4 hours after an endovascular perforation or a sham operation and were euthanized to assess brain histology. Second, male and female adult lipocalin-2 knockout mice had SAH. All animals underwent magnetic resonance imaging at 4 hours, and the brains were harvested for brain histology.

Results:

T2* hypointensity vessels were observed in the brain 4 hours after SAH in male wild-type mice. The numbers of T2*-positive vessels were significantly higher in SAH brains than in sham-operated mice. Brain histology showed thrombosis and erythrocyte plugs in the T2*-positive cerebral vessels which may be venules. The number of T2*-positive vessels correlated with SAH grade and the presence of T2 lesions. Brain thrombosis was also accompanied by albumin leakage and neuronal injury. LCN2 deficient male mice had lower numbers of T2*-positive vessels after SAH compared with wild-type male mice.

Conclusions:

SAH causes ultra-early brain vessel thrombosis that can be detected by T2* gradient-echo sequence at 4 hours after SAH. LCN2 deficiency decreased the number of T2*-positive vessels.
Integrated Stroke System Model Expands Availability of Endovascular Therapy While Maintaining Quality Outcomes
Authors: Lopez-Rivera Victor , Salazar-Marioni Sergio , Abdelkhaleq Rania , Savitz Sean I. , Czap Alexandra L. , Alderazi Yazan J. , Chen Peng R. , Grotta James C. , Blackburn Spiros L. , Jones Wesley , Spiegel Gary , Dannenbaum Mark J. , Wu Tzu-Ching , Cochran Joseph , Kim Dong H. , Day Arthur L. , Farquhar Grace , McCullough Louise D. , Sheth Sunil A.
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose:

The optimal endovascular stroke therapy (EVT) care delivery structure is unknown. Here, we present our experience in creating an integrated stroke system (ISS) to expand EVT availability throughout our region while maintaining hospital and physician quality standards.

Methods:

We identified all consecutive patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT from January 2014 to February 2019 in our health care system. In October 2017, we implemented the ISS, in which 3 additional hospitals (4 total) became EVT-performing hospitals (EPHs) and physicians were rotated between all centers. The cohort was divided by time into pre-ISS and post-ISS, and the primary outcome was time from stroke onset to EPH arrival. Secondary outcomes included hospital and procedural quality metrics. We performed an external validation using data from the Southeast Texas Regional Advisory Council.

Results:

Among 513 patients with large vessel occlusion acute ischemic stroke treated with EVT, 58% were treated pre-ISS and 43% post-ISS. Over the study period, EVT procedural volume increased overall but remained relatively low at the 3 new EPHs (<70 EVT/y). After ISS, the proportion of patients who underwent interhospital transfer decreased (46% versus 37%;
P
<0.05). In adjusted quantile regression, ISS implementation resulted in a reduction of time from stroke onset to EPH arrival by 40 minutes (
P
<0.01) and onset to groin puncture by 29 minutes (
P
<0.05). Rates of postprocedural hemorrhage, modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) 2b/3, and 90-day modified Rankin Scale were comparable at the higher and lower volume EPHs. The improvement in onset-to-arrival time was not reflective of overall improvement in secular trends in regional prehospital care.

Conclusions:

In our system, increasing EVT availability decreased time from stroke onset to EPH arrival. The ISS provides a framework to maintain quality in lower volume hospitals.
Implementation of an Open Science Instruction Program for Undergraduates
Authors: Hanna Sharon , Pither Jason , Vis-Dunbar Mathew
Published: February 2021

The scientific, social, and economic advantages that accrue from Open Science (OS) practices—ways of doing research that emphasize reproducibility, transparency, and accessibility at all stages of the research cycle—are now widely recognized in nations around the world and by international bodies such as the United Nations and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. However, program wide or coordinated instruction of undergraduate students in OS practices remains uncommon. At the University of British Columbia in Canada, we have started to develop a comprehensive undergraduate OS program that can be adapted to and woven into diverse subject curricula. We report on the context and planning of the pilot module of the program, “Open Science 101”, its implementation in first-year Biology in Fall 2019, and qualitative results of an attitudinal survey of students following their course.
On the Connection Between Language Control and Executive Control—An ERP Study
Authors: Declerck Mathieu , Meade Gabriela , Midgley Katherine J. , Holcomb Phillip J. , Roelofs Ardi , Emmorey Karen
Published: February 2021

Models vary in the extent to which language control processes are domain general. Those that posit that language control is at least partially domain general insist on an overlap between language control and executive control at the goal level. To further probe whether or not language control is domain general, we conducted the first event-related potential (ERP) study that directly compares language-switch costs, as an index of language control, and task-switch costs, as an index of executive control. The language switching and task switching methodologies were identical, except that the former required switching between languages (English or Spanish) whereas the latter required switching between tasks (color naming or category naming). This design allowed us to directly compare control processes at the goal level (cue-locked ERPs) and at the task performance level (picture-locked ERPs). We found no significant differences in the switch-related cue-locked and picture-locked ERP patterns across the language and task switching paradigms. These results support models of domain-general language control.
Plant Uses by the Topnaar of the Kuiseb Valley Namib Desert
Authors: van Damme Patrick , van Den Eynden Veerle , vern Em Men Patrick
Published: February 2021

The Kuiseb Topnaar use some 50 defferent plants for food, woodfuel, consmetics, as drugs, for construction, . . . . The different plants are presented here and their uses discussed and compared to uses in other settings.
Carnet De Route D’un Voyageur Congolais: Masala à L’exposition Universelle D’anvers, en 1885.
Authors: Etambala Zana Aziza
Published: February 2021

Notebook of a Congolese Traveller: Masala at the 1885 Antwerp World Exhibition

Masala, the central figure in this article, came to Belgium to be exhibited, together with eleven other natives of the Congo Independent State, at the International Fancy Fair organized in Antwerp in 1885. Of course, the illiterate Masala didn’t take notes during his stay in Antwerp. But a meticulous investigation of the contemporary local press, which paid enough attention to this event, made it possible to describe in detail the daily european experiences of Masala and his companions. It also enables us to examine the ‘white’ belgian view on the black subjects of Leopold II.
Court Stories in Selected African Short Narratives
Authors: Yewah Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

This article attempts to cross-examine African Literature and African costumary, Islamic and inherited colonial laws. It opens a new topic in the study of African literature by showing how legal discourses are inscribed in certain African narratives and how these discourses link the narratives to the overall context of their production.
Between ‘Anti-totalitarianism’ and Radical Democracy
Authors: Taşçıoğlu Irem
Published: February 2021

Laclau’s theory on populism which is inseparable from his strategic endeavour to formulate a novel form of left-wing emancipatory politics has set off a variety of critiques, most notably from scholars who associate themselves with different strands of democratic theory. This paper picks out and uses Lefortian theory on democracy, utilizing it in order to figure out the different ways in which Laclau’s account could be construed and criticized. It argues that there are two possible interpretations of Lefort’s democratic theory with two different political implications, one liberal and the other radical-democratic and that they provide us with two different ways to formulate a critique of Laclauian populism. It particularly addresses the historical conjuncture from which Lefort’s democratic theory emerges and investigates how his ambiguous encounters with the intellectual milieu in France in the 70s, namely the ‘antitotalitarian moment’ undergird these two possible interpretations. This article’s elaboration on these two interpretations for addressing Laclau’s populism finalizes with a comparison between the political implications of the two and with a new proposal to invigorate counter-populism along the lines of Etienne Balibar as a (Lefortian) radical-democratic alternative to Laclau’s populism.
A redefinition of the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908, with description of new species (Coleoptera, Leiodidae, Cholevinae, Leptodirini)
Authors: FRESNEDA JAVIER , RIZZO VALERIA , COMAS JORDI , RIBERA IGNACIO
Published: February 2021

We redefine the genus Troglocharinus Reitter, 1908 based on a phylogenetic analysis with a combination of mitochondrial and molecular data. We recovered the current Speonomites mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) and S. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) as valid, separate species within the Troglocharinus clade, not directly related to Speonomites Jeannel, 1910, a finding corroborated by a detailed study of the male and female genitalia. In consequence, we reinstate Speonomus mercedesi Zariquiey, 1922 stat. nov. as a valid species, transfer both of them to the genus Troglocharinus, T. mengeli (Jeannel, 1910) comb. nov. and T. mercedesi (Zariquiey, 1922) comb. nov., and redescribe the genus. The study of new material from the distribution area of the former S. mengeli revealed the presence of two undescribed species, T. sendrai sp. nov. and T. fadriquei sp. nov., which we describe herein. We designate the lectotype of Speonomus vinyasi Escolà, 1971 to fix its identity, as among its syntypes there are two different species. In agreement with the results of the phylogenetic analyses we establish the synonymy between the genus Speonomites and Pallaresiella Fresneda, 1998 syn. nv.
Cavichiassus, a new genus of Hyalojassini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Brazil, and first description of the genitalia of Neotrocnada rutasaca (Blocker) comb. nov.
Authors: DOMAHOVSKI ALEXANDRE CRUZ
Published: February 2021

The new iassine leafhopper genus Cavichiassus gen. nov. is described based on Cavichiassus punctatus gen. et sp. nov from Southern of Brazil, and can be recognized by the forewing with appendix and first apical cell narrow, more membranous than adjacent cells; the vein separating appendix and first apical cell complete; the protibia with dorsal surface flat and the AD and PD margins carinate, but weakly expanded laterally; the ventral processes of pygofer conspicuous, extending ventrad; the subgenital plate small, simple, without pseudostyles or setae; the connective amorphous; the style with apodeme and apophysis very long; and the aedeagus with dorsal apodeme bearing a pair of processes directed posterad. A new combination is proposed and the male and female genitalia of Neotrocnada rutasaca (Blocker, 1979) comb. nov. are described and illustrated for the first time. Additionally, the host plant is identified for N. rutasaca comb. nov. and a new country record is given for Neotrocnada napoensis Krishnankutty & Dietrich, 2012.
Cybaeus (Araneae: Cybaeidae): the aspenicolens species group of the Californian clade
Authors: BENNETT ROBB , COPLEY CLAUDIA , COPLEY DARREN
Published: February 2021

Species of North American Cybaeus L. Koch (Araneae: RTA clade: Cybaeidae) are common moist-forest spiders classified in Holarctic and Californian clades. Here, in the second paper in a planned series reviewing the six Californian clade species groups, we review the species of the aspenicolens group. We recognize five species in two subgroups: the aspenicolens subgroup (Cybaeus aspenicolens Chamberlin & Ivie, C. blasbes Chamberlin & Ivie, and C. coylei Bennett spec. nov.) and the fraxineus subgroup (C. fraxineus Bennett spec. nov. and C. thermydrinos Bennett). The species of the aspenicolens group have very restricted distributions on the western slopes of the central and southern Sierra Nevada mountain range from Tuolumne County south to northern Kern County in east central California, U.S.A. Descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and an identification key are provided for the five species as well as a discussion of conservation issues of relevance to the group.
New or rare Madagascar tiger beetles—20. Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi sp. nov. and supplemented characters of P. (B.) levigatum levigatum (W. Horn) and P. (B.) levigatum lucens Rivalier (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Authors: RAZANAJAONARIVALONA ELYSÉ HUGO , MORAVEC JIŘÍ , RAKOTOMANANA HAJANIRINA
Published: February 2021

Pogonostoma (Bathypogonum) horimichioi sp. nov. is described as new to science from western Madagascar. Apart from a detailed description, illustrations in colour photographs of the habitus, diagnostic characters and habitat of the new species are introduced. A rectified differential diagnosis of the subgenus Bathypogonum Jeannel, 1946 is performed. The new species is compared to other two hitherto known taxa of the subgenus Bathypogonum (in its narrow original concept and sensu Moravec 2007), which are P. (B.) levigatum levigatum W. Horn, 1908 and P. (B.) levigatum lucens Rivalier, 1970. Differential diagnoses of the two taxa with illustrations of their habitus and important distinguishing characters in colour photographs are presented. References to their detailed redescriptions and illustrations, as well as to those of the subgenera Neopogonum Moravec, 2007 and Parapogonum Moravec, 2007 in the monograph of the genus Pogonostoma by Moravec (2007) are given. Essential maps of distribution are also presented.
New color patterns and new synonym of Odontolabis sinensis (Westwood, 1848) (Coleoptera: Lucanidae): insights from a multilocus phylogeny and species delimitation
Authors: YING YING , ZHAN ZHI-HONG , WAN XIA
Published: February 2021

Taxonomy of Odontolabis sinensis (Westwood, 1848) and Odontolabis fallaciosa Boileau, 1901 has long been a controversial issue due to their highly morphological similarity except for elytral color patterns. In the present work, we assessed their taxonomic status by combining molecular phylogeny and species delimitation based on multilocus datasets (COI, 16S rDNA, Cytb, CAD, Wingless). Phylogenetic analyses under both Maximum Likelihood inference and Bayesian inference recovered identical topologies. All the examined individuals in the clade of O. sinensis and O. fallaciosa formed into five subclades belonging to four color patterns, respectively. The Kimura-2-Parameter (K2P) genetic distance analysis yielded a low mean value (0.0108−0.0295). The multiple species delimitations (ABGD, PTP and GMYC) reinforced them to be one MOTU. Our results suggest that these clades belong to the same species, and thus we propose O. fallaciosa to be a junior subjective synonym of O. sinensis. We also found two new color patterns corresponding to two clades from Southwestern China (north of 20°N and east of 105°E), respectively displaying the reddish-orange, slenderly rimmed patch and brownish-orange broad patches along the elytral edge, which was probably attributable to both historical and ecological factors in this particular region.
Middle-Atmosphere Temperature Monitoring Addressed with a Constellation of CubeSats Dedicated to Climate Issues
Authors: Keckhut Philippe , Hauchecorne Alain , Meftah Mustapha , Khaykin Sergey , Claud Chantal , Simoneau Pierre
Published: February 2021

While meteorological numerical models extend upward to the mesopause, mesospheric observations are required for leading simulations and numerical weather forecasts and climate projections. This work reviews some of the challenges about temperature observation requirements and the limiting factors of the actual measurements associated with atmospheric tides. A new strategy is described here using a limb-scattering technique that is based on previous experiments in space. Such observations can be used with cube satellites. Technical issues are the large dynamic range (4 orders of magnitude) required for the measurements, the accuracy of the limb pointing, and the level of stray light. The technique described here will expect accuracy of 1–2 K with a vertical resolution of 1–2 km. A constellation of 100 platforms could provide temperature observations with space (100 km) and time (3 h) resolutions recommended by the World Meteorological Organization, and tidal issues could be resolved with a minimum of 3–5 platforms with specific orbit maintained to avoid drifts.
Mobile Ka-Band Polarimetric Doppler Radar Observations of Wildfire Smoke Plumes
Authors: Aydell Taylor B. , Clements Craig B.
Published: February 2021

Remote sensing techniques have been used to study and track wildfire smoke plume structure and evolution; however, knowledge gaps remain because of the limited availability of observational datasets aimed at understanding fine-scale fire–atmosphere interactions and plume microphysics. Meteorological radars have been used to investigate the evolution of plume rise in time and space, but highly resolved plume observations are limited. In this study, we present a new mobile millimeter-wave (Ka band) Doppler radar system acquired to sample the fine-scale kinematics and microphysical properties of active wildfire smoke plumes from both wildfires and large prescribed fires. Four field deployments were conducted in autumn of 2019 during two wildfires in California and one prescribed burn in Utah. Radar parameters investigated in this study include reflectivity, radial velocity, Doppler spectrum width, differential reflectivity ZDR, and copolarized correlation coefficient ρHV. Observed radar reflectivity ranged between −15 and 20 dBZ in plume, and radial velocity ranged from 0 to 16 m s−1. Dual-polarimetric observations revealed that scattering sources within wildfire plumes are primarily nonspherical and oblate-shaped targets as indicated by ZDR values measuring above 0 and ρHV values below 0.8 within the plume. Doppler spectrum width maxima were located near the updraft core region and were associated with radar reflectivity maxima.
Effects of the full-scale substitution of strontium for calcium on the microstructure of brushite: (CaxSr1–x)HPO4.nH2O system
Authors: Alshaaer Mazen , Afify Ahmed S. , Moustapha Moustapha E. , Hamad Nagat , Hammouda Gehan A. , Rocha Fernando
Published: February 2021

Brushite (CaHPO4.2H2O) is an important calcium phosphate encountered in bone tissue engineering and bone cement formulation. There are many studies on the synthesis and characterization of brushite, but full-scale substitution and replacement of Ca by Sr in brushite as a key element in medical and environmental applications has not yet been explored systematically. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effects of substitution of Ca by Sr on the microstructural and thermal properties of brushite, including the chemical phases present, crystallization, structural water and phase stability. The chemical phases were determined by means of powder X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. Crystallization and surface morphology were analysed using scanning electron microscopy. Various properties were dependent on the incorporated Sr ions. The replacement percentage of Sr may be divided into two major stages: the first from 0% to 50%; and the second from 50% up to 100%. The (CaxSr1–x)HPO4.nH2O shows that micro-scale crystals of platy brushite formed in the first stage of Sr replacement, from 0% up to 50%. As Sr might inhibit the formation of crystals, crystal nucleation rates were reduced as the Sr percentage increased. An amorphous product formed as a result of 50% Sr replacement. The second stage of Sr replacement with Sr contents >50% yielded a new crystal morphology corresponding mainly to SrHPO4.nH2O. The complete replacement of Ca by Sr transforms the brushite with platy microcrystals into SrHPO4 nanosheets.
Denosumab compared with zoledronic acid on PFS in multiple myeloma: exploratory results of an international phase 3 study
Authors: Terpos Evangelos , Raje Noopur , Croucher Peter , Garcia-Sanz Ramon , Leleu Xavier , Pasteiner Waltraud , Wang Yang , Glennane Anthony , Canon Jude , Pawlyn Charlotte
Published: February 2021

An exploratory end point from a recent trial in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma showed that median progression-free survival (PFS) was increased by 10.7 months with denosumab vs zoledronic acid. We performed additional analyses to identify factors that may have contributed to the favorable PFS with denosumab. Ad hoc analyses were performed for patients intending to undergo autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT; ASCT intent), not intending to undergo ASCT (ASCT no intent), and intent-to-treat according to age (<70 or ≥70 years) and baseline renal function (≤60 mL/min or >60 mL/min creatinine clearance [CrCl]). Of 1718 patients, 930 (54.1%) were in the ASCT-intent subgroup, and 788 (45.9%) were in the ASCT-no-intent subgroup. In the ASCT-intent subgroup, frontline triplet (median PFS, not estimable vs 35.7 months; hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)], 0.65 [0.47-0.90]; descriptive P = .009) or bortezomib-only (median PFS, not estimable vs not estimable; HR [95% CI], 0.61 [0.39–0.95]; descriptive P = .029) induction regimens demonstrated the strongest PFS benefit favoring denosumab vs zoledronic acid. In the ASCT-no-intent subgroup, no benefit with denosumab vs zoledronic acid was observed. PFS favored denosumab vs zoledronic acid in patients with CrCl >60 mL/min and in patients <70 years old, but no difference was observed in patients with CrCl ≤60 mL/min or patients ≥70 years old. The PFS difference observed with denosumab is one of the notable benefits reported in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma and was most pronounced in patients intending to undergo ASCT and those who received proteasome inhibitor (PI)−based triplet regimens. This study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01345019.
Antileukemic efficacy of a potent artemisinin combined with sorafenib and venetoclax
Authors: Moses Blake S. , McCullough Samantha , Fox Jennifer M. , Mott Bryan T. , Bentzen Søren M. , Kim MinJung , Tyner Jeffrey W. , Lapidus Rena G. , Emadi Ashkan , Rudek Michelle A. , Kingsbury Tami J. , Civin Curt I.
Published: February 2021

Artemisinins are active against human leukemia cell lines and have low clinical toxicity in worldwide use as antimalarials. Because multiagent combination regimens are necessary to cure fully evolved leukemias, we sought to leverage our previous finding that artemisinin analogs synergize with kinase inhibitors, including sorafenib (SOR), by identifying additional synergistic antileukemic drugs with low toxicity. Screening of a targeted antineoplastic drug library revealed that B-cell lymphoma 2 (BCL2) inhibitors synergize with artemisinins, and validation assays confirmed that the selective BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax (VEN), synergized with artemisinin analogs to inhibit growth and induce apoptotic cell death of multiple acute leukemia cell lines in vitro. An oral 3-drug “SAV” regimen (SOR plus the potent artemisinin-derived trioxane diphenylphosphate 838 dimeric analog [ART838] plus VEN) killed leukemia cell lines and primary cells in vitro. Leukemia cells cultured in ART838 had decreased induced myeloid leukemia cell differentiation protein (MCL1) levels and increased levels of DNA damage–inducible transcript 3 (DDIT3; GADD153) messenger RNA and its encoded CCATT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP), a key component of the integrated stress response. Thus, synergy of the SAV combination may involve combined targeting of MCL1 and BCL2 via discrete, tolerable mechanisms, and cellular levels of MCL1 and DDIT3/CHOP may serve as biomarkers for action of artemisinins and SAV. Finally, SAV treatment was tolerable and resulted in deep responses with extended survival in 2 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell line xenograft models, both harboring a mixed lineage leukemia gene rearrangement and an FMS-like receptor tyrosine kinase-3 internal tandem duplication, and inhibited growth in 2 AML primagraft models.