bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel Method for Identifying a Parsimonious and Accurate Predictive Model for Multiple Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Diaz-Ramirez Ledif Grisell , Lee Sei J. , Smith Alexander K. , Gan Siqi , Boscardin Walter John
Published: January 2020

Background: Most methods for developing clinical prognostic models focus on identifying parsimonious and accurate models to predict a single outcome; however, patients and providers often want to predict multiple outcomes simultaneously. For example, older adults are often interested in predicting nursing home admission as well as mortality. We propose and evaluate a novel predictor selection method for multiple outcomes.Methods: Our proposed method selected the best subset of common predictors based on the minimum average normalized Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC) across outcomes: the Best Average BIC (baBIC) model. We compared the predictive accuracy (Harrell’s C-statistic) and parsimony (number of predictors) of the baBIC model with a subset of common predictors obtained from the union of optimal models for each outcome (Union model). We used example data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) to demonstrate our method and conducted a simulation study to investigate performance considering correlated and uncorrelated outcomes.Results: In the example data, the average Harrell’s C-statistics across outcomes of the baBIC and Union models were comparable (0.657 vs. 0.662 respectively). Despite the similar discrimination, the baBIC model was more parsimonious than the Union model (15 vs. 23 predictors respectively). Likewise, in the simulations with correlated outcomes, the mean C-statistic across outcomes of the baBIC and Union models were the same after rounding: 0.650, and the baBIC model had an average number of predictors of 13.8 (95% CI: 13.7, 13.9) compared with 21.6 (95% CI: 21.5, 21.7) in the Union model. In the simulations, the baBIC method performed well by identifying on average the same predictors as in the example data 90.4% times for correlated outcomes.Conclusions: Our method identified a common subset of variables to predict multiple clinical outcomes with superior parsimony and comparable accuracy to current methods.
Modeling Variables with a Detection Limit using a Truncated Normal Distribution with Censoring
Authors: Williams Justin R. , Kim Hyung-Woo , Crespi Catherine M.
Published: January 2020

Background: When data are collected subject to a detection limit, observations below the detection limit may be considered censored. In addition, the domain of such observations may be restricted; for example, values may be required to be non-negative. Methods We propose a regression method for censored observations that also accounts for domain restriction. The method finds maximum likelihood estimates assuming an underlying truncated normal distribution. Results: We show that our method, tcensReg, outperforms other methods commonly used for data with detection limits such as Tobit regression and single imputation of the detection limit or half detection limit with respect to bias and mean squared error under a range of simulation settings. We apply our method to analyze vision quality data collected from ophthalmology clinical trials comparing different types of intraocular lenses implanted during cataract surgery. All methods tested returned similar conclusions for non-inferiority testing, but estimates from the tcensReg method suggest that there may be greater mean differences and overall variability. Conclusions: In the presence of detection limits, our new method tcensReg provides a way to incorporate known domain restrictions when modeling limited dependent variables that substantially improves inferences.
Comparing Multiple Statistical Software for Multiple-Indicator, Multiple-Cause Modeling: An Application of Gender Disparity in Adult Cognitive Functioning Using MIDUS II Dataset
Authors: Chang Chi , Gardiner Joseph , Houang Richard T , Yu Yan-Liang
Published: January 2020

Background: The Multiple-indicator, multiple-cause model (MIMIC) incorporates covariates of interest in the factor analysis using structural equation modeling framework. The model provides rigorous results and becomes broadly available in multiple statistical software. The current study introduces the MIMIC model and how it can be implemented using statistical software SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package, and M plus version 8.0. Methods: In this paper, we first discussed the formulation of the MIMIC model with regard to model specification and identification. We then demonstrated the empirical application of the MIMIC model with the Midlife in the United States II (MIDUS II) Study (N=4,109) using SAS CALIS procedure, R lavaan package and M plus version 8.0 to examine gender disparities in cognitive functioning. The input, output, and diagram syntaxes of the three statistical software programs were also presented. Results In terms of data structure, all three statistical programs can be conducted using both raw data and empirical covariance matrix. While SAS and R are comprehensive statistical analytic packages and encompass numerous data manipulation capacities, M plus is designed primarily for structural equation modeling and therefore is limited in data manipulation. Differences in model results from the three statistical programs are trivial. Overall, the results show that while men show better performance in executive function than women, women demonstrate better episodic memory than men. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates the utility of the MIMIC model in its empirical application, fitted with three popular statistical software packages. Results from our models align with empirical findings from previous research. We provide coding procedures and examples with detailed explanations in the hopes of providing a concise tutorial for researchers and methodologists interested in incorporating latent constructs with multiple indicators and multiple covariates in their research projects. Future researchers are encouraged to adopt this flexible and rigorous modeling approach.
Applicability of the Five Case Model to African eHealth investment decisions
Authors: Broomhead Sean C , Mars Maurice , Scott Richard E. , Jones Tom
Published: January 2020

Background: eHealth programmes in African countries face fierce competition for scarce resources. Such initiatives should not proceed without adequate appraisal of their probable impacts, thereby acknowledging their opportunity costs and the need for appraisals to promote optimal use of available resources. However, since there is no broadly accepted eHealth impact appraisal framework available to provide guidance, and local expertise is limited, African health ministries have difficulty completing such appraisals. The Five Case Model, used in several countries outside Africa, has the potential to function as a decision-making tool in African eHealth environments and serve as a key component of an eHealth impact model for Africa. Methods: This study identifies internationally recognised metrics and readily accessible data sources to assess the applicability of the model’s five cases to African countries. Results: Ten metrics are identified that align with the Five Case Model’s five cases, including nine component metrics and one summary metric that aggregates the nine. The metrics cover the eHealth environment, human capital and governance, technology development, and finance and economics. Fifty-four African countries are scored for each metric. Visualisation of the metric scores using spider charts reveals profiles of the countries’ relative performance and provides an eHealth Investment Readiness Assessment Tool. Conclusion: The utility of these comparisons to strengthen eHealth investment planning suggests that the five cases are applicable to African countries’ eHealth investment decisions. The potential for the Five Case Model to have a role in an eHealth impact appraisal framework for Africa should be validated through field testing.
TIMP-2*IGFBP7 as an auxiliary identification of successful discontinuation CRRT and prediction of renal recovery in critically ill patients: a case control study
Authors: xie yuanyuan , Zarbock Alexander , Brendolan Alessandra , Martino Francesca , Samoni Sara , Marchionna Nicola , fan Weixuan , Rosa Silvia De , Giavarina Davide , Romero-González Gregorio , Ronco Claudio
Published: January 2020

Background Predicting the successful discontinuation of continues renal replacement therapy (CRRT) may decrease under- and-overtreatment of critically ill patients and subsequently improve patients’ outcome and utilization of health care resources. The aim of this study was to investigate whether TIMP-2*IGFBP7 in addition to renal and non-renal parameters can predict the successful weaning from CRRT. Methods All patients admitted to ICU requiring CRRT were enrolled. Urine samples for measuring urinary TIMP-2*IGFBP7 levels were collected immediately upon enrollment and at the moment when CRRT was discontinued. The primary endpoint was the independence from RRT for at least 7 days after CRRT discontinuation. Persistent renal dysfunction, which was defined as a SCr level >1.5 times the baseline value at ICU discharge or day 28, was the secondary endpoint. Results 73 patients were enrolled of whom 45 patients effectively discontinued CRRT (61.6%). The patients with a TIMP-2*IGFBP7 concentration >2(ng/ml)2/1000 at enrollment were longer CRRT-dependent. The ROC-AUC values for the prediction of successful discontinuation with TIMP-2*IGFBP7 concentrations at enrollment, at discontinuation of CRRT and with the final model were 0.828, 0.814 and 0.882, respectively. The risk for CRRT discontinuation failure was nearly 5 times higher patients with a positive biomarker at CRRT discontinuation (OR 4.879, P=0.043), and 3.5 times higher in patients with a TIMP-2*IGFBP7 concentration >2(ng/ml)2/1000 at patient enrollment (OR 3.515, P=0.016). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a significant association between successful discontinuation of CRRT and TIMP-2*IGFBP7-negative patients at CRRT discontinuation (RR 0.436, 95% CI 0.202-0.939, P=0.034). Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that TIMP-2*IGFBP7 concentration <2 (ng/ml)2/1000 at enrollment and TIMP-2*IGFBP7 turning negative were positively related to high renal recovery rate. Conclusions Urinary TIMP-2*IGFBP7 can serve as a biomarker for identifying successful discontinuation CRRT and predicting renal recovery in critically ill patients.
Clinical results of radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma with tumor thrombosis.
Authors: Nagano Takuya , Hoshi Akihiko , Kurosaki Masayuki , Toda Kazuma , Tsuchiya Kaoru , Yoshimura Ryoichi , Izumi Namiki
Published: January 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of radiotherapy (RT) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with the portal vein (PV), hepatic vein (HV), inferior vena cava (IVC), and bile duct (BD) tumor thrombosis (TT). Methods: Patients who received RT for the treatment of a primary tumor and tumor thrombosis at Musahino Red Cross Hospital between 2011 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. We compared patient characteristics, radiation dose, overall survival (OS), the combined chemotherapy regimen, and objective response rates (ORRs) between the treatment modalities. Results: We evaluated 43 patients who were treated with RT, 27 of whom received combined chemotherapy with RT. The total equivalent dose in 2 Gy fractions ranged from 42.25 to 72 Gy (median 48.75 Gy). The median follow-up period after RT was 13 months (range of 2–90 months). Multivariate analysis showed that the length of tumor thrombosis was a unique significant prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.01) and the prescribed equivalent dose of more than 48.75 Gy significantly contributed to ORRs (p = 0.02). When compared, the one-year OS rates of responders (n = 25) and non-responders (n = 18) were 75% and 35%, respectively (p = 0.009). The odds ratio of ORRs between the two total dose groups (42.35 Gy versus more than 48.75 Gy) was 9.8 (95% CI [2.1, 58.9], p = 0.001). Combined chemotherapy with RT was a prognostic factor for OS (p = 0.03), but it was not correlated with response rate (p = 0.53). Conclusion: Local control of tumor thrombosis was found to be a significant prognostic factor for OS in patients with HCC and its tumor thrombosis. Although various drug and treatment options for tumor thrombosis exist, RT provides a better OS.
Jiao-tai-wan for insomnia symptoms caused by the disharmony of the heart and kidney: a study protocol for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
Authors: Zeng Congcong , Liu Xi , Hu Lufeng , Feng Yuan , Xia Nengzhi , Zeng Haihuan , Luo Lin , Ye Ren , Yuan zhengzhong
Published: January 2020

Background: Insomnia seriously affects people’s normal lives and work. However, effective treatment strategies are scarce. The purpose of this study is to explore the efficacy and safety of Jiao-tai-wan (JTW) for ameliorating insomnia symptoms caused by disharmony of the heart and kidney.
Design: This is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot
clinical trial. One hundred twenty-four participants suffering from insomnia symptoms will randomly assigned to the JTW or placebo group in an equal ratio. The participants will be asked to take JTW or placebo granules twice a day for 1 week. All data will be gathered at baseline and at the end of drug intervention. The primary outcome measures will be the mean change in the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) from baseline to the end of drug intervention. Secondary outcome measures will include the the altered sleep parameters in polysomnography, 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) evalution, the Disharmony of Heart and Kidney Scoring System score and blood tests, including the levels of serum adenosine and melatonin. A laboratory test will be taken before and after treatment to assess the safety of JTW.
Discussion: The outcomes of this study will confirm the efficacy of JTW for the treatment of insomnia symptoms, and will also be used to monitor the safety of JTW.
Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR1800019239.Registered on 1st November 2018-
Retrospectively registered, http://www.chictr.org.cn/.
Keywords: Jiao-tai-wan, Insomnia, Traditional herbal medicine,
Randomized controlled trial, Study protocol, Pattern identification
Protocol version: Manuscript based on study protocol version 1.3, 1 November 2018.
Texture constraints on crystal size distribution methodology: An application to the Laki fissure eruption
Authors: Cone Kim A. , Wendlandt Richard F. , Pfaff Katharina , Orlandini Omero F.
Published: January 2020

Modeling crystal size distributions often requires the extraction of 2D discrete crystal lengths to calculate 3D volumetric equivalences. These apparent lengths are obtained from digital images that exploit different physical and chemical characteristics of samples, and the choice of image type can affect the interpretation of crystal length measurements, thus affecting crystal size distribution modeling. To examine method- and texture-based effects on extracting crystal size distributions, we obtained plagioclase length measurements from two texturally opposing basaltic lava samples from the well-documented Laki fissure eruptions of 1783–1784. Using approaches that consider inherent texture-based limitations of 2D image types, we employed manual tracing and imaging software to extract plagioclase crystal lengths from three types of images: (1) photomicrographs from polarized-light microscopy, (2) backscatter electron images from scanning electron microscopy, and (3) energy-dispersive X-ray maps from automated mineralogy. Our results demonstrate that (1) phenocrysts (L ≥ 150 μm) and groundmass plagioclase (L < 150 μm) in our basalt samples appear with multiple aspect ratios, while the latter also display greater nucleation densities as crystal size population are continuously refined over increasingly smaller crystal lengths; (2) complex crystal clusters must be manually dissected into their discrete crystal components to produce meaningful crystal size distributions; (3) localized electron backscatter diffraction analysis reveals mild preferred orientation in complex clusters and groundmass, the latter confirmed by variations in crystal size distributions between orthogonal backscatter electron images; and (4) method-induced variations in both aspect ratio and crystal length determination can produce a wide range of kinetic interpretations that pose challenges for cross-research comparisons. For phenocrysts, compensating for clustering and fracturing through manual tracing remains the most effective method, while groundmass populations can be addressed with high-resolution (micrometer-scale) automated scanning electron microscopy for deciphering late-stage eruptive behavior. A texture-focused protocol should be established, as any kinetic information derived from crystal size distribution analyses across multiple studies employing multiple approaches cannot otherwise be directly compared.
Smamite, Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2]·6H2O, a new mineral and a possible sink for Sb during weathering of fahlore
Authors: Plášil Jakub , Kampf Anthony R. , Meisser Nicolas , Lheur Cédric , Brunsperger Thierry , Škoda Radek
Published: January 2020

Smamite, Ca2Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2]·6H2O, is a new mineral species from the Giftgrube mine, Rauenthal, Sainte-Marie-Aux-Mines ore-district, Haut-Rhin department, France. It is a supergene mineral found in quartz-carbonate gangue with disseminated to massive tennantite-tetrahedrite series minerals, native arsenic, Ni-Co arsenides, and supergene minerals picropharmacolite, fluckite, and pharmacolite. Smamite occurs as lenticular crystals growing in aggregates up to 0.5 mm across. The new mineral is whitish to colorless, transparent with vitreous luster and white streak; non-fluorescent under UV radiation. The Mohs hardness iŝ3½; the tenacity is brittle, the fracture is curved, and there is no apparent cleavage. The measured density is 2.72(3) g/cm3; the calculated density is 2.709 g/cm3 for the ideal formula. The mineral is insoluble in H2O and quickly soluble in dilute (10%) HCl at room temperature. Optically, smamite is biaxial (–), α = 1.556(1), β = 1.581(1), γ = 1.588(1) (white light). The 2V (meas) = 54(1)°; 2V (calc) = 55.1°. The dispersion is weak, r > ν. Smamite is non-pleochroic. Electron microprobe analyses provided the empirical formula Ca2.03Sb0.97(OH)4[H1.10(As1.99Si0.01O4)2]·6H2O. Smamite is triclinic, P1–, a = 5.8207(4), b = 8.0959(6), c = 8.21296(6) Å, α = 95.8343(7)°, β = 110.762(8)°, γ = 104.012(7)°, V = 402.57(5) Å3, and Z = 1. The structure (Robs = 0.027 for 1518 I>3σI reflections) is based upon {Ca2(H2O)6Sb(OH)4[H(AsO4)2]} infinite chains consisting of edge-sharing dimers of Ca(H2O)3O2(OH)2 polyhedra that share edges with Sb(OH)4O2 octahedra; adjacent chains are linked by H-bonds, including one strong, symmetrical H-bond with an O–H bond-length of ∼1.23 Å. The name “smamite” is based on the acronym of the Sainte-Marie-aux-Mines district.
« Rabat, a Metropolitan City », Between Displayed Image, Reality of Image and Identity
Authors: Kharmich Hassan , Sedreddine Mouna
Published: January 2020

Embodying for a long time the image of an administrative capital where the functionary dominate, where the urban setting is aging and where quality of life is declining, the city of Rabat has recently embarked on a frantic race to reinvent a new image: a modern, innovative and qualitative image.In order to achieve this, several projects and programs of development, embellishment and construction, has been initiated with a common feature which is greatness (large theater, high towers, large stations, large arteries, new centralities, etc.). This greatness aspect is visible through the importance of the areas involved, the volumes and the shapes designed, the modes of transport developed, the means and resources deployed in add to the promotion of architectural signatures of the renowned architects, and the modes of governance and project management. Henceforth, Rabat shows its ambition as a city of culture, as a green city and as a “city of light”.  The time of Rabat, as administrative city, is over.However, the image displayed and publicized seems controversial compared to the reality of certain urban spaces, often with high heritage value, that develop on the margins of programs and projects initiated. Real deficits are observed in terms of basic equipment and services, in terms of transport network and in terms of urban coherence and social cohesion. Everything contributes to an urban image with two facets: one more qualitative, more modern and more elitist, while the other is more spontaneous, more vulnerable and more devalued.Faced with this identity transition and this double temporality, what image and identity do we want for Rabat? What vocations do we claim for this city which aspires to become a national and international metropolis? What developments should be advocated for a capital with such a rich and diversified history? What relationship can be established between the local identity and the global identity of the city? How does the citizen apprehend his living spaces in the face of such universal urban model, where social connections as well as the spatial relationship mutate towards new practices?These questions will be enlightened through the confrontation of major projects underway and urban realities, through the analysis of the new urban model which is universal, modern and generating a new image and a new urban identity, as well as through the impact of these major projects both on the urban landscape and quality of life. It’s with these considerations in mind that this paper is drawn up: « Rabat, a metropolitan city », between displayed image and reality of image and identity.
Non-coding RNAs in Lung Cancer Chemoresistance
Authors: Mondal Priya , Natesh Jagadish , Kamal Mohammad Amjad , Meeran Syed Musthapa
Published: January 2020

Background:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide with limited
treatment options. The major available treatment options are surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and combinations
of these treatments. In chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and taxol are the first lines of chemotherapeutics
used for the treatment of lung cancer. Often drug resistance in the clinical settings hinders the efficiency of the
treatment and intrigues the tumor relapse. Drug-resistance is triggered either by intrinsic factors or due to the
prolonged cycles of chemotherapy as an acquired-resistance. There is an emerging role of non-coding RNAs
(ncRNAs), including notorious microRNAs (miRNAs), proposed to be actively involved in the regulations of various
tumor-suppressor genes and oncogenes.

Result:

The altered gene expression by miRNA is largely mediated either by the degradation or by interfering with
the translation of targeted mRNA. Unlike miRNA, other type of ncRNAs, such as long non-coding RNAs
(lncRNAs), can target the transcriptional activator or the repressor, RNA polymerase, and even DNA-duplex to
regulate the gene expressions. Many studies have confirmed the crucial role of ncRNAs in lung adenocarcinoma
progression and importantly, in the acquisition of chemoresistance. Recently, ncRNAs have become early biomarkers
and therapeutic targets for lung cancer.

Conclusion:

Targeting ncRNAs could be an effective approach for the development of novel therapeutics against
lung cancer and to overcome the chemoresistance.
Nucleic Acid Aptamers as a Potential Nucleus Targeted Drug Delivery System
Authors: Shrivastava Garima , Bakshi Hamid A. , Aljabali Alaa A. , Mishra Vijay , Hakkim Faruck L. , Charbe Nitin B. , Kesharwani Prashant , Chellappan Dinesh K. , Dua Kamal , Tambuwala Murtaza M.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Nucleus targeted drug delivery provides several opportunities for the treatment
of fatal diseases such as cancer. However, the complex nucleocytoplasmic barriers pose significant
challenges for delivering a drug directly and efficiently into the nucleus. Aptamers representing singlestranded
DNA and RNA qualify as next-generation highly advanced and personalized medicinal agents
that successfully inhibit the expression of certain proteins; possess extraordinary gene-expression for
manoeuvring the diseased cell's fate with negligible toxicity. In addition, the precisely directed aptamers
to the site of action present a tremendous potential to reach the nucleus by escaping the ensuing
barriers to exhibit a better drug activity and gene expression.

Objective:

This review epigrammatically highlights the significance of targeted drug delivery and presents
a comprehensive description of the principal barriers faced by the nucleus targeted drug delivery
paradigm and ensuing complexities thereof. Eventually, the progress of nucleus targeting with nucleic
acid aptamers and success achieved so far have also been reviewed.

Method:

Systematic literature search was conducted of research published to date in the field of nucleic
acid aptamers.

Conclusion:

The review specifically points out the contribution of individual aptamers as the nucleustargeting
agent rather than aptamers in conjugated form.
Vitamin D and Calcium Supplement Attenuate Bone Loss among HIVInfected Patients Receiving Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate/Emtricitabine/ Efavirenz: An Open-Label, Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Boontanondha Patawee , Nimitphong Hataikarn , Musikarat Suchawadee , Ragkho Aschara , Kiertiburanakul Sasisopin
Published: January 2020

Background:

Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has been associated with accelerated bone turnover and leads to significant bone loss.

Objective:

We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 and calcium on bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/emtricitabine (FTC)/efavirenz (EFV).

Methods:

A prospective, open-label, randomized controlled study was conducted. Eligible patients were ART naïve HIV individuals who initiated TDF/FTC/EFV. The study group received supplementation with vitamin D2 and calcium carbonate, whereas the control group was administered only ART. The primary outcome was the percentage change in total hip BMD at week 24 compared with baseline.

Results:

A total of 18 patients were randomized (9 in each group). The mean (standard deviation; SD) total hip BMD significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, from 0.96 (0.14) g/cm2 to 0.93 (0.13) g/cm2 in the study group (p = 0.006) and from 0.87 (0.11) g/cm2 to 0.84 (0.11) g/cm2 in the control group (p = 0.004). The mean (SD) lumbar spine BMD significantly decreased from baseline in both groups, from 1.00 (0.13) g/cm2 to 0.97 (0.13) g/cm2 (p = 0.004) in the study group and from 0.90 (0.09) g/cm3 to 0.86 (0.08) g/cm2 in the control group (p = 0.006). At week 24, the mean (SD) lumbar spine BMD was significantly greater in the study group than in the control group (p = 0.042). However, there were no significant differences in the percentage change of total hip, lumbar spine, and femoral neck BMD between both groups. No adverse events were reported. In conclusion, as early as 24 weeks after TDF initiation, a significant decline in BMD was detected.

Conclusion:

Vitamin D2 and calcium supplements should be considered for HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/FTC/EFV in a resource-limited setting where there are limited ART options (Clinicaltrials. gov NCT0287643).
Intranodal Hemangioma in the Pelvic Cavity: A Case Report
Authors: Jeong Seokmin , Park Sung B. , Lee Eun-Ju , Kim Mi K. , Park Hyun J. , Lee Eun S.
Published: January 2020

Hemangiomas are benign tumours that commonly develop in the skin, mucosal surfaces,
and soft tissues. However, intranodal hemangiomas are extremely rare and are among the
benign primary vascular abnormalities of the lymph nodes that include lymphangioma, hemangioendothelioma,
angiomyomatous hamartoma and hemangiomas. The hemangioma in the pelvic
lymph node has never been reported in the English literature. Herein, we described an extremely
rare case of hemangioma in the pelvic lymph node, simulating a benign metastasizing leiomyoma.
Methodical issues of determination of the average heat transfer coefficient of the passenger car body
Authors: Samoshkin S. L. , Meyster A. O. , Yukhnevskiy M. A.
Published: January 2020

The article examines methodical issues of selection of heat insulation materials, their properties affecting energy efficiency, as well as methodical issues of experimental determination of heat insulation properties of the car body. This issue has become recently relevant due to the increased requirements to saving of the fuel and energy resources and to improvement of the passenger travel comfort. Domestic and international regulatory documents are analyzed from this perspective.

Contemporary materials used for heat insulation of the car body, methods of determination of the average heat transfer coefficient and requirements to such materials are examined. Review of the test results of the most widely spread passenger cars; the issue is arisen regarding necessity of putting the obtained results of experimental research in compliance with the actual operating conditions with regard to the changes of temperature, air humidity and car movement speed.

The article examines in details disadvantages of the currently used standardized method of determination of the average heat transfer coefficient. The issues affecting accuracy of determination of this parameter are underlined, which occur in the experimental research and in processing of the obtained results. Practical use of obtained results for designing of new rolling stock is examined.

Ultimately, the authors conclude that the valid domestic standardized method of determination of the average heat transfer coefficient does not take into account the number of important conditions. Examination of effect of these conditions on the results of experimental research allows the authors to make conclusion regarding necessity of review of methodical and regulatory and technical documentation for the test methods.
Preliminary assessment of economic effect of transportation in the innovation cars with axial load of 27 tons at the area of the Eastern ground
Authors: Miroshnichenko O. F. , Oginskaya A. E.
Published: January 2020

The article presents preliminary results of the comprehensive assessment of the economic effect for the infrastructure owner from transportation by trains composed with the innovation freight cars with axial load of 27 tons at the specific areas (grounds). Comprehensive economic assessment for the infrastructure owner consists in taking into account changes of expenses for improvement of technical properties of the new car, as well as the expenses for changes of the operation properties of the car handling areas, in particular:

 • one-time expenses for putting infrastructure of the areas of cars handling with the axial load from 25 to 27 tons in compliance with the new technical requirements;

 • financial results due to increase of carrying-capacity by means of increase of the weight at the permanent train length;

 • change of the current and one-time expenses for train traction composed of the innovation cars of increased carrying-capacity when changing the locomotive series and the number of section-kilometers per the unit of transportation operations.

Calculations performed for the routes Chegdomyn – Vanino and Chelutay – Nakhodka indicated that effect of transportation in the innovation cars can be both positive and negative for the infrastructure owner depending on the operation and economic properties of the handling area (volume of transported freight in the examined cars, maintenance process of the locomotive runs, etc.).

Taking into account the one-time costs for putting the superstructure in compliance with the technical requirements, the financial results of JSC “RZD” is getting worse at the examined routes.

Obtained results have preliminary nature as more detailed accounting of expenses is required for putting infrastructure of the train handling areas composed from the cars of axial load 27 tons in compliance with the technical requirements.
Using data science to foster research into factors that impact on road safety
Authors: Kaoru Fueda , Kensuke Onuma
Published: January 2020

When managers at Aioi Nissay Dowa Insurance Co. Ltd. saw a need to stimulate research into traffic safety using existing big data, they opted to search for suitable partners with the requisite skills and experience to work with them to create an environment to help foster research into
factors that impact on road safety. Seeking to leverage this research to help them promote safety on the roads and develop suitable insurance products, they founded a partnership with Shiga University's Graduate School of Data Science - the first such department in Japan - to establish the
Japan Safety Society Research Center (JSSRC) to accomplish these goals. Opening in April 2017, the JSSRC has progressively worked towards improving research in this area.
Agricultural Application of Web of Things Architecture
Authors: Fujii Akihiro
Published: January 2020

The Internet of Things (IoT) is a term that describes a system of computing devices, digital machines, objects, animals or people that are interrelated. Each of the interrelated 'things' are given a unique identifier and the ability to transfer data over a network that does not require
human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Examples of IoT in practice include a human with a heart monitor implant, an animal with a biochip transponder (an electronic device inserted under the skin that gives the animal a unique identification number) and a car that has built-in sensors
which can alert the driver about any problems, such as when the type pressure is low. The concept of a network of devices was established as early as 1982, although the term 'Internet of Things' was almost certainly first coined by Kevin Ashton in 1999. Since then, IoT devices have become
ubiquitous, certainly in some parts of the world. Although there have been significant developments in the technology associated with IoT, the concept is far from being fully realised. Indeed, the potential for the reach of IoT extends to areas which some would find surprising. Researchers
at the Faculty of Science and Engineering, Hosei University in Japan, are exploring using IoT in the agricultural sector, with some specific work on the production of melons. For the advancement of IoT in agriculture, difficult and important issues are implementation of subtle activities into
computers procedure. The researchers challenges are going on.
Development of an Adaptive Learning Support System based on Model-Based Development (MBD) Approach
Authors: Wakitani Shin
Published: January 2020

Education is of the highest importance to the world we live in. If ways can be found to elevate the level of education within any given country, the individuals of that country will naturally benefit, but so too will the country as a whole, as it increases its competitiveness on a global
scale across a broad range of areas. For example, in Japan there are general guidelines for learning that state the ways in which students are educated should be adjusted according to the needs of each individual. Dr Shin Wakitani is a control engineering specialist with a particular interest
in data-driven controller design and model-based development (MBD) education. Wakitani leads a team based at Hiroshima University in Japan, which is investigating a means of establishing an adaptive learning support system development method.
INFLUENCE OF REDISPERSIBLE POWDERS AND LOW-MODULAR INCLUSIONS ON THE FROST RESISTANCE OF THE FINE-GRAINED CONCRETE CONTACT ZONE
Authors: Nesvetaev G. V. , Dolgova A. V. , Postoy L. V. , Hadzhishalapov G. N.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify variation patterns of the in-series variation coefficient of adhesive strength to base and the dependency of the frost resistance coefficient on the criterion of adhesion on prescription factors of fine-grained concrete obtained from dry building mixtures based on various Portland cements containing various low-modulus inclusions and redispersible polymer powders from 0 to 3%. According to GOST 31357, the main quality indicators of the hardened mixture or fine-grained concrete, in addition to frost resistance, include the indicator of “frost resistance of the contact zone”, which characterises the ability of the hardened concrete to maintain adhesion to the base during normal separation following a certain number of freeze-thaw cycles.

Method. The tests of the main samples were carried out after 75 freeze-thaw cycles in accordance with GOST 31356. The marks of the frost resistance of the contact zone are set from FKZ25 to FKZ100. The number of freeze-thaw cycles is taken as a mark, after which the adhesion strength to the base, determined according to GOST 31356, is at least 80% of the strength of the control samples. The arithmetical average is taken at between at least 5 values, while the variation coefficient measured across a series of adhesion strength values is not considered.

Results. The average values of the variation coefficient of adhesion strength were: following 75 cycles of freezing-thawing – 0.224 (in a range from 0.058 to 0.616); following 25 cycles of freezing-thawing – an average of 0.129 (in a range from 0.016 to 0.352). The variation coefficient of adhesion strength can exceed the variation coefficient of compression strength by approximately 2.5 to 3 times. When introducing the redispersible powders into the structure of fine-grained concrete, there is no unambiguous pattern of change in the values of the variation coefficient of adhesion to base and it is possible to increase or decrease this value, while the values of the variation coefficient of adhesion can vary by an order of magnitude.

Conclusion. For all concretes, there is a tendency of increase of the coefficient of frost resistance with a decrease in the adhesion variation coefficient both after hardening under normal conditions as well as during cyclic freezing and thawing. When conditions VF/V28A<1 are met, the coefficient of frost resistance of adhesion, determined when considering the variation coefficient, will satisfy the requirements of GOST 31356.
DECOMPRESSION SEMICONDUCTOR THERMOELECTRIC DESALINATOR WITH UV RADIATION
Authors: Gadzhiev H. M. , Gadzhiev D. S. , Kurbanov I. M.
Published: January 2020

Objectives. The development of a decompression semiconductor thermoelectric desalinator with ultraviolet radiation.

Methods. The design of a decompression semiconductor thermoelectric desalinator with ultraviolet radiation makes it possible to decrease the boiling points of seawater and the obtained fresh water and brine by changing the pressure in the desalinatior thus increasing the device’s energy efficiency.

Results. The use of the designed decompression semiconductor thermoelectric desalinator with ultraviolet radiation practically reduces the boiling point of seawater, completely eliminating Joule's parasitic heat release. The Peltier thermoelectric effect of heating and cooling is completely preserved, bringing the desalinator efficiency coefficient up to almost 100% and improving its energy-saving characteristics as a whole.

Conclusion. A decompression semiconductor thermoelectric desalinator with ultraviolet radiation can be used to produce fresh water and concentrated solutions from any aqueous solutions, as well as to treat wastewater from industrial enterprises with simultaneous bacterial and virus disinfection. The construction materials of the desalination device are environmentally friendly.
EXamining ouTcomEs in chroNic Disease in the 45 and Up Study (the EXTEND45 Study): Protocol for an Australian Linked Cohort Study
Authors: Foote Celine , Hockham Carinna , Sukkar Louisa , Campain Anna , Kang Amy , Young Tamara , Cass Alan , Chow Clara K , Comino Elizabeth , Gallagher Martin , Jan Stephen , Knight John , Liu Bette , McNamara Martin , Peiris David , Pollock Carol , Sullivan David , Wong Germaine , Zoungas Sophia , Rogers Kris , Jun Min , Jardine Meg
Published: January 2020

Background

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetes are the major causes of death and disability worldwide. They are associated with high health service utilization persisting over many years. Their slow progression and wide clinical variation make them eminently suitable for study in population-based cohorts. However, current understanding of their prevalence, incidence, and progression is largely based on studies conducted in clinical populations.

Objective

This study aims to establish a novel link between an existing population-based cohort (the 45 and Up Study) and routinely collected laboratory and administrative data to facilitate research across the full disease spectrum of CKD and diabetes.

Methods

In the EXTEND45 Study (EXamining OuTcomEs in chroNic Disease in the 45 and Up Study), baseline questionnaire responses of over 260,000 participants of the 45 and Up Study aged ≥45 years living in New South Wales (NSW), collected between January 2006 and December 2009, are linked to data from laboratory service providers as well as national- and state-based administrative datasets via probabilistic linkage. Routinely collected data were obtained for participants who could be linked between January 2005 and July 2013. Laboratory data will enable the identification of early cases of chronic disease and the assessment of clinically relevant biochemical targets during the disease course. Health administrative datasets will allow for the examination of health service use, pharmacological management, and clinical outcomes.

Results

The study received ethics approval from the NSW Population and Health Services Research Ethics Committee in February 2014. Data linkage for 267,153 of the 45 and Up Study participants was completed in June 2016, with congruent linkage achieved for 265,086 (99.23%) individuals. To date, the CKD and diabetes cohorts have been identified (published elsewhere), and a diverse portfolio of research projects relating to disease burden, risk factors, health outcomes, and health service utilization is in development.

Conclusions

The EXTEND45 Study represents an unparalleled opportunity to perform extensive research into diseases of considerable public health and clinical importance. Strengths include the population-based nature of the cohort and the availability of longitudinal information on the complete disease pathway for affected individuals.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

RR1-10.2196/15646
Evaluating Mobile Apps and Biosensing Devices to Monitor Physical Activity and Respiratory Function in Smokers With and Without Respiratory Symptoms or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Protocol for a Proof-of-Concept, Open-Label, Feasibility Study
Authors: Sharman Almaz , Zhussupov Baurzhan , Sharman Dana , Kim Irina
Published: January 2020

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a global public health problem, and continuous monitoring is essential for both its management as well as the management of other chronic diseases. Telemonitoring using mobile health (mHealth) devices has the potential to promote self-management, improve control, increase quality of life, and prevent hospital admissions.

Objective

This study aims to demonstrate whether a large-scale study assessing the use of mHealth devices to improve the treatment, assessment, compliance, and outcomes of chronic diseases, particularly COPD and cardio-metabolic syndrome, is feasible. This will allow our team to select the appropriate design and characteristics for our large-scale study.

Methods

A total of 3 cohorts, with 9 participants in each, will use mHealth devices for 90 days while undergoing the current standard of care. These groups are: 9 “non-COPD,” otherwise healthy, smokers; 9 “grey zone” smokers (forced expiratory volume in 1 second/ forced vital capacity ≥0.70 after bronchodilator treatment; COPD Assessment Test ≥10); and 9 smokers diagnosed with Stage 1-3 COPD. Rates of recruitment, retention, and adherence will be measured. Overall, two mHealth devices will be utilized in the study: the AnaMed Original Equipment Manufacturer device (measures distance, energy expenditure, heart rate, and heart rate variability) and the Air Next mobile spirometry device. The mHealth devices will be compared against industry standards. Additionally, a questionnaire will be administered to assess the participants’ perceptions of the mHealth technologies used.

Results

The inclusion of participants started in June 2019. Study results will be published in peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Conclusions

This study will demonstrate whether a large-scale study to assess the use of mHealth devices to improve the treatment, assessment, compliance, and outcomes of chronic diseases, particularly COPD and cardio-metabolic syndrome, is feasible. It will also allow the research team to select the appropriate design and characteristics for the large-scale study.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04081961; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04081961

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16461
Impact of Built Environments on Body Weight (the Moving to Health Study): Protocol for a Retrospective Longitudinal Observational Study
Authors: Mooney Stephen J , Bobb Jennifer F , Hurvitz Philip M , Anau Jane , Theis Mary Kay , Drewnowski Adam , Aggarwal Anju , Gupta Shilpi , Rosenberg Dori E , Cook Andrea J , Shi Xiao , Lozano Paula , Moudon Anne Vernez , Arterburn David
Published: January 2020

Background

Studies assessing the impact of built environments on body weight are often limited by modest power to detect residential effects that are small for individuals but may nonetheless comprise large attributable risks.

Objective

We used data extracted from electronic health records to construct a large retrospective cohort of patients. This cohort will be used to explore both the impact of moving between environments and the long-term impact of changing neighborhood environments.

Methods

We identified members with at least 12 months of Kaiser Permanente Washington (KPWA) membership and at least one weight measurement in their records during a period between January 2005 and April 2017 in which they lived in King County, Washington. Information on member demographics, address history, diagnoses, and clinical visits data (including weight) was extracted. This paper describes the characteristics of the adult (aged 18-89 years) cohort constructed from these data.

Results

We identified 229,755 adults representing nearly 1.2 million person-years of follow-up. The mean age at baseline was 45 years, and 58.0% (133,326/229,755) were female. Nearly one-fourth of people (55,150/229,755) moved within King County at least once during the follow-up, representing 84,698 total moves. Members tended to move to new neighborhoods matching their origin neighborhoods on residential density and property values.

Conclusions

Data were available in the KPWA database to construct a very large cohort based in King County, Washington. Future analyses will directly examine associations between neighborhood conditions and longitudinal changes in body weight and diabetes as well as other health conditions.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16787