bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensor Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide-Gold Nanoparticles-Poly(p-aminobenzoic Acid) Nanocomposites for the Determination of Sunset Yellow
Authors: Peng Youyuan , Li Zhuojialu
Published: November 2023

Background:

In this work, the reduced graphene oxide decorated with gold nanoparticles
(Au/rGO) had been synthesized on glass carbon electrode (GCE) using a simple one-step electrochemical
method. The molecularly imprinted poly(p-aminobenzoic acid) (PABA) film was prepared
for the analysis of sunset yellow (SY) on Au/rGO/GCE by electropolymerization of p-aminobenzoic
acid (pABA) and SY.

Methods:

Methods, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were used to characterize the successful formation of
imprinted films.

Results:

Under optimized experimental conditions, the Au/rGO/GCE based molecularly imprinted
sensor (MIP/Au/rGO/GCE) exhibited excellent performance for SY, and a linear range was obtained
from 0.002 μM to 8 μM with a detection limit of 0.5 nM. The responses of the imprinted sensor
maintained higher than 93% of the initial values after 15 days of storage.

Conclusion:

The MIP/Au/rGO/GCE has been used for the sensitive and selective detection of SY in
real food samples with acceptable recoveries, the combination of Au and rGO significantly improved
the sensitivity of the proposed sensor due to the synergistic effect of gold nanoparticles and rGO.
The resulting sensor also exhibited satisfactory reproducibility and stability, and the proposed platform
could be further expected for the detection of other food additives and various electroactive
species.
Design of Dendritic Foldamers as Catalysts for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Baby Sherlymole P. , George Smitha , Krishnapillai Sreekumar
Published: November 2023

Background::

Multistranded foldamers mimic biopolymer architecture, through the assembly
and folding of intrinsically flexible polymeric chains attached to polyol core have been
synthesised here. The synthesised dendritic motifs possess helical cavities with properly arranged
active sites. As these cavities are large enough to accommodate guest molecules, their application
as synthetic foldamer catalyst were investigated in Knoevenagel and Mannich reactions.

Methods::

It is presumed to be the potentiality of dendritic foldamers to form reverse micelle in the
interior of helical motif containing many reactive sites.

Results::

Inside the dendritic foldamer, the substrates are adequately concentrated, work together in
cooperation for ligand-binding, and stabilize the transition state as in enzymes that helps to accelerate
the reaction rate many times greater than in bulk solution.

Conclusion::

An unrivalled reaction rate and high yield of products were obtained within a short
time in both Knoevenagel and Mannich reactions by using dendritic foldamers as catalysts.
Herbs as Hair Care Cosmetic Agents: Mini Review
Authors: Vakte Sanket R. , Mahajan Yash V. , Lohagaonkar Neeraj B. , Dolas Ramdas T. , Kulkarni Abhijeet D. , Gangurde Subodh A. , Jha Pravin K. , Byahatti Vivek V. , Gambhire Makarand S.
Published: November 2023

Healthy hair is an important part of a beautiful body. Thus, new developments in hair science and hair care have been reported in the literature, and innovations and ideas in hair care and cosmetics are required. Hair care products are used to keep the scalp clean and moisturize the hair. Hair care products also help control hair structure and behavior, keeping hair in a controlled environment if necessary. Natural cosmetics are safer to use when compared with other synthetic products. They are hypoallergenic, dermatologist-tested and proven to be safe to use anytime, anywhere. Hair cosmetics consist of different agents such as hair oil, hair tonic, anti-dandruff, hair dye, etc. This review focuses on different types of herbs that can be used cosmetically for hair care.
Analyzing User Reviews of the First Digital Contraceptive: Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Ciolfi Felice Marianela , Søndergaard Marie Louise Juul , Balaam Madeline
Published: November 2023

Background

People in Western countries are increasingly rejecting hormone-based birth control and expressing a preference for hormone-free methods. Digital contraceptives have emerged as nonhormonal medical devices that make use of self-tracked data and algorithms to find a user’s fertile window. However, there is little knowledge about how people experience this seemingly new form of contraception, whose failure may result in unwanted pregnancies, high health risks, and life-changing consequences. As digital contraception becomes more widely adopted, examining its user experience is crucial to inform the design of technologies that not only are medically effective but also meet users’ preferences and needs.

Objective

We examined the user experience offered by Natural Cycles—the first digital contraceptive—through an analysis of app reviews written by its users worldwide.

Methods

We conducted a mixed methods analysis of 3265 publicly available reviews written in English by users of Natural Cycles on the Google Play Store. We combined computational and human techniques, namely, topic modeling and reflexive thematic analysis.

Results

For some users of digital contraception, the hormone-free aspect of the experience can be more salient than its digital aspect. Cultivating self-knowledge through the use of the technology can, in turn, feel empowering. Users also pointed to an algorithmic component that allows for increased accuracy over time as long as user diligence is applied. The interactivity of the digital contraceptive supports mutual learning and is experienced as agential and rewarding. Finally, a digital contraceptive can facilitate sharing the burden of contraceptive practices or highlight single-sided responsibilities while creating points of friction in the required daily routines.

Conclusions

Digital contraception is experienced by users as a tamed natural approach—a natural method contained and regulated by science and technology. This means that users can experience a method based on a digital product as “natural,” which positions digital contraceptives as a suitable option for people looking for evidence-based nonhormonal contraceptive methods. We point to interactivity as core to the user experience and highlight that a digital contraceptive might allow for collaboration between partners around contraceptive practices and responsibilities. We note that the user diligence required for the digital contraceptive to provide accurate and frequent data is sometimes not enough. Future research could look at designing (and redesigning) digital contraceptives with primary users and intimate partners, enhancing the experience of tamed naturalness; exploring how trust fluctuates among involved actors and in interactions with the technology; and, ultimately, designing more inclusive approaches to digital contraception.
Pediatric Delirium Educational Tool Development With Intensive Care Unit Clinicians and Caregivers in Canada: Focus Group Study
Authors: Wood Michael , Gandhi Kavi , Chapman Andrea , Skippen Peter , Krahn Gordon , Görges Matthias , Stewart S Evelyn
Published: November 2023

Background

Pediatric intensive care unit (PICU)–associated delirium contributes to a decline in postdischarge quality of life, with worse outcomes for individuals with delayed identification. As delirium screening rates remain low within PICUs, caregivers may be able to assist with early detection, for which they need more education, as awareness of pediatric delirium among caregivers remains limited.

Objective

This study aimed to develop an educational tool for caregivers to identify potential delirium symptoms during their child’s PICU stay, educate them on how to best support their child if they experience delirium, and guide them to relevant family resources.

Methods

Web-based focus groups were conducted at a tertiary pediatric hospital with expected end users of the tool (ie, PICU health care professionals and caregivers of children with an expected PICU length of stay of over 48 h) to identify potential educational information for inclusion in a family resource guide and to identify strategies for effective implementation. Data were analyzed thematically to generate requirements to inform prototype development. Participants then provided critical feedback on the initial prototype, which guided the final design.

Results

In all, 24 participants (18 health care professionals and 6 caregivers) attended 7 focus groups. Participants identified five informational sections for inclusion: (1) delirium definition, (2) key features of delirium (signs and symptoms), (3) postdischarge outcomes associated with delirium, (4) tips to inform family-centered care, and (5) education or supportive resources. Participants identified seven design requirements: information should (1) be presented in an order that resembles the structure of the clinical discussion around delirium; (2) increase accessibility, recall, and preparedness by providing multiple formats; (3) aim to reduce stress by implementing positive framing; (4) minimize cognitive load to ensure adequate information processing; (5) provide supplemental electronic resources via QR codes; (6) emphasize collaboration between caregivers and the health care team; and (7) use prompting questions to act as a call to action for caregivers.

Conclusions

Key design requirements derived from end-user feedback were established and guided the development of a novel pediatric delirium education tool. Implementing this tool into regular practice has the potential to reduce distress and assist in the early recognition and treatment of delirium in the PICU domain. Future evaluation of its clinical utility is necessary.
Symptom Trajectories in the Electronic Health Record during the Transition to Maintenance Dialysis
Authors: Wetmore James B. , Johansen Kirsten L. , Gilbertson David T. , Roetker Nicholas S.
Published: November 2023

How symptoms recorded in the electronic health record change during the transition to dialysis has not been fully explored. We used the Optum deidentified Integrated Claims–Clinical dataset to identify individuals with CKD stages 4 or 5 who transitioned to dialysis. We searched structured data elements from clinical notes, identified by natural language processing, for symptoms recorded across weekly intervals in the 6 months before and after dialysis initiation and estimated changes in the odds of a symptom being recorded with an interrupted time series analysis using segmented logistic regression. The cohort comprised 728 individuals (aged 68±13 years, 44% women, 56% White, 30% Black). Before dialysis initiation, 83% were recorded as having pain, 68% fatigue/weakness, 66% shortness of breath, 61% nausea/vomiting, and 37% difficulty concentrating. Before dialysis initiation, odds of pain being recorded increased (slope: odds ratio [OR] 1.02 per week, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.01 to 1.03); initiation was associated with a decrease (intercept change: OR 0.70, 95% CI, 0.59 to 0.82). After initiation, odds of pain were unchanged (postdialysis slope: OR 1.00 per week, 95% CI, 0.99 to 1.01), although this represented an improved trajectory relative to the predialysis period (change in slope: OR 0.98 per week, 95% CI, 0.96 to 0.99). For fatigue/weakness, odds increased before initiation (OR 1.03 per week, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.04) but decreased on initiation (OR 0.62, 95% CI, 0.51 to 0.75) and thereafter (OR 0.98 per week, 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99), representing a reduction in slope (OR 0.95 per week, 95% CI, 0.94 to 0.97). Patterns for shortness of breath, nausea/vomiting, and difficulty concentrating were similar to those of pain. Thus, the odds of five key symptoms being recorded in the electronic health record increased over time in the 6 months before dialysis initiation, decreased immediately on initiation, and, generally, remained unchanged in the 6 months thereafter.
The Application of Computer Information Technology in Internet
Authors: Chen Jie
Published: November 2023

In recent years, with the rapid development of computer technology in China, contemporary society has entered the Internet era. The connection between computer technology and Internet is getting closer and closer. As an important tool in modern life, work and entertainment, network security is particularly important. In the current information age, the Internet has been widely popularized, and computer technology is constantly improving and innovating. The remarkable progress of information technology has promoted the integration of computer information technology and Internet. The continuous development and innovation of computer information technology has made great contributions to the security of the Internet network environment, and has also made rapid development under the background of the rapid development of the Internet. Starting with the analysis of the Internet and its main security threats, this paper discusses in detail the application of computer information technology in the Internet. I hope the research in this paper can help to promote the application and development of computer information technology.
Analysis of the Problems and Countermeasures in the Transfer of Land Management Rights in Taixing City, Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zhou Lihang
Published: November 2023

The focus of farmers' work is on land. In order to promote the rural economy and help farmers lift themselves out of poverty and become prosperous, the government has introduced a series of support policies, including land contracting, which involves contracting rural land and promoting large-scale development. Since the second round of land contracting, grassroots management departments have increasingly standardized land transfer management. The legal concept of land transfer for land contracting and management entities is gradually improving. However, there are deficiencies in land transfer, contract regulations, and transfer supervision, especially in rural areas where private verbal agreements for transfer and transfer without registration are common, as loopholes in some processes result in the inability to guarantee the interests of farmers. In the process of promoting the transformation of agriculture, it is necessary to carry out the transfer of agricultural land. This measure can make agriculture more modular and is a specific measure and practical necessity to achieve professional management. Standardizing and orderly rural land transfer and continuously strengthening land supervision are directly related to the transformation, upgrading, and high-quality development of agriculture in the future.The article conducts research on the transfer of agricultural land in Taixing City. By collecting data and conducting on-site research, it summarizes the development stage and characteristics of agricultural land transfer work: fast growth rate, wide area; The scale of agricultural land transfer is rapidly expanding and growing; The process is not standardized, and the existing process is difficult to fully cover the work. There are still non-standard situations such as private circulation and verbal agreements.
Performance Enhancement of 5G Networks: Remodeling Power Domain Scheme Through NOMA-MIMO Technologies Integration
Authors: Adam Shuaib Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

The integration of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) technologies addresses critical challenges such as massive connectivity, low latency, and high dependability in 5G cellular systems and beyond. However, resolving these issues required additional research, particularly in the case of 5G networks employing MIMO. This involved enhancing and reevaluating parameters like bit error rate, downlink spectrum efficiency, average capacity rate, and uplink transmission outage probability to optimize performance. The devised model utilized Quadrature Phase Shift Keying modulation on selected frequency channels, accommodating users with diverse power location coefficients, signal-to-noise ratios, transmit powers, and bandwidths. Evaluating the proposed model's effectiveness involved testing and comparing results to previous research. Download transmission results demonstrated that MIMO-NOMA significantly improved the bit error rate performance and transmitting power for the best-evaluated user. For uplink transmission, the average capacity rate was used to assess performance, indicating an increase in the average capacity rate for the best user and a decrease in outage probability. Closed-form formulas for bit error rate, spectrum efficiency, average capacity rate, and outage probability for both downlink and uplink NOMA, with and without MIMO, were derived. In essence, adopting MIMO-NOMA led to a remarkable improvement in the performance of all users, even those facing challenges such as interference or fading channels.
Presencia de los clásicos en la producción discursiva de pedagogía en la Facultad de Filosofía y Letras-UNAM
Authors: Rojas Moreno Ileana
Published: November 2023

Este artículo aborda la presencia de los autores clásicos más representativos del pensamiento educativo occidental, en las obras de autores vinculados con la formación del pedagogo universitario en la UNAM. Nuestro propósito es rastrear las huellas de dicho pensamiento en la conformación del campo de conocimiento pedagógico entre 1940 y 1960, a partir de una circunstancia específica: la teorización pedagógica y el desarrollo epistémico-conceptual del campo pedagógico en nuestro país, observable mediante las tematizaciones en la producción discursiva durante ese periodo. Mediante el análisis conceptual de discurso, se efectúa la revisión de obras diversas para rastrear conceptuaciones sobre educación, pedagogía y ciencias de la educación en autores clásicos, destacando la impronta de sus argumentaciones sobre la cientificidad y el carácter prescriptivo de la pedagogía como disciplina académica en autores contemporáneos.
Review Paper on Speed Reduction Methods to Promote Road Safety and to Save Lives
Authors: Agrawal Dr. Ashish S.
Published: November 2023

Abstract: The traditional and important road safety benefits of lower vehicle speeds include saving lives and reducing the impact and likelihood of crashes. However, speed reduction has important additional benefits that increase the quality of life for neighborhoods and bigger urban areas, but also for society at large. Speed reduction measures fall into the categories: direct – infrastructure, vehicle technology and enforcement and indirect – signage, education and publicity. Similar a small decrease in average vehicle speed across a road network will lead to a considerable reduction in traffic fatalities and the severity of injuries. In this paper, study was carried out on types of speed reduction infrastructure and their utility to reduce the speed of vehicle. High Speed of vehicle get uncontrolled on curve, so in this paper more attention given to application of speed reducer infrastructure on curve.
A Comprehensive Review on Different Aspects on Current Scenario of Analysis of Box Culvert
Authors: Bhutto Imran , Mishra Dr. Chaitanya , Joshi Dr. Parikshit
Published: November 2023

Abstract: Box culverts serve as essential structure for drainage relief, water passage and traffic route under roads. They have been constructed in various shapes and sizes, accommodating different waterway and traffic needs. This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of various research papers associated with the topic of box culvert and its various advancements. Through a thorough literature review and analysis of previous works in this field, this study has identified conclusive outcomes that form the basis of our research objectives for checking the box culvert with different skew angles along with different S/H ratios for 2 cell box culvert and aim to provide technical insights and recommendations for future research in this area.
Do optimism and subjective well-being help in coping with COVID-19?
Authors: Cavallaro Ana Paula , Friedenreich Giovana , Prandini Sandra , Noronha Ana Paula Porto
Published: November 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has affected the whole world, bringing uncertainty and changes in people's lives, including in their emotional aspects. The main aim of this study was to understand, in the light of Positive Psychology, which are the roles of positive and adaptive internal resources for coping with the situation, highlighting the optimism and subjective well-being constructs as auxiliaries in this process. For that a cross-sectional study with a correlational design was carried out. The survey was conducted via internet, with a sample of 433 people, using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Satisfaction with Life Scale, Affects Scale and LOT-R. Statistical regression analyses, correlations, t-test and ANOVA were performed. As a result, it was confirmed that optimism and the components of well-being are significantly related, with a strong magnitude and that there is a predictive power of optimism with the components of well-being, and family income on positive affect and satisfaction with life. COVID-19 coping variables showed data variance in relation to the components of subjective well-being and optimism.
PERBANDINGAN ALGORITMA K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR (K-NN) DENGAN DECISION TREE (C4.5) UNTUK MENENTUKAN JUDUL BUKU BERDASARKAN PEMINATAN PADA PERPUSTAKAAN KANTOR PUSAT BPK RI
Authors: Ari ardiansyah sinta  , Tezar Maula  , Agus Budiyantara
Published: November 2023

Buku adalah kumpulan kertas atau bahan lain yang digabungkan menjadi satu pada satu ujung, termasuk teks, gambar, atau lampiran. Penanda buku yang pertama adalah judul, yaitu judul atau judul artikel, dan biasanya muncul di sampul depan. Judulnya yang singkat, padat, jelas dan biasanya menarik membuat orang tertarik untuk membaca buku tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa akurasi dan mengklasifikasikan judul buku favorit berdasarkan catatan peminjaman buku pada perpustakaan kantor pusat BPK RI dan untuk membandingkan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) dengan Decision Tree (C4.5) dalam menentukan judul buku berdasarkan peminatan. Dataset yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 644 data. Dari hasil perbandingan algoritma K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) memperoleh hasil akurasi sebesar 94,82% sedangkan Decision Tree (C4.5) memperoleh hasil akurasi 95,34%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa hasil akurasi Decision Tree lebih baik dari pada nilai akurasi K-Nearest Neighbor.
Composite Quantum Simulations
Authors: Hagan Matthew , Wiebe Nathan
Published: November 2023

In this paper we provide a framework for combining multiple quantum simulation methods, such as Trotter-Suzuki formulas and QDrift into a single Composite channel that builds upon older coalescing ideas for reducing gate counts. The central idea behind our approach is to use a partitioning scheme that allocates a Hamiltonian term to the Trotter or QDrift part of a channel within the simulation. This allows us to simulate small but numerous terms using QDrift while simulating the larger terms using a high-order Trotter-Suzuki formula. We prove rigorous bounds on the diamond distance between the Composite channel and the ideal simulation channel and show under what conditions the cost of implementing the Composite channel is asymptotically upper bounded by the methods that comprise it for both probabilistic partitioning of terms and deterministic partitioning. Finally, we discuss strategies for determining partitioning schemes as well as methods for incorporating different simulation methods within the same framework.
Actis: A Strictly Local Union–Find Decoder
Authors: Chan Tim , Benjamin Simon C.
Published: November 2023

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires classical hardware to perform the decoding necessary for error correction. The Union–Find decoder is one of the best candidates for this. It has remarkably organic characteristics, involving the growth and merger of data structures through nearest-neighbour steps; this naturally suggests the possibility of its realisation using a lattice of simple processors with nearest-neighbour links. In this way the computational load can be distributed with near-ideal parallelism. Here we show for the first time that this strict (rather than partial) locality is practical, with a worst-case runtime O(d3) and mean runtime subquadratic in the surface code distance d. A novel parity-calculation scheme is employed which can simplify previously proposed architectures, and our approach is optimised for circuit-level noise. We compare our local realisation with one augmented by long-range links; while the latter is of course faster, we note that local asynchronous logic could negate the difference.
Mortalidad materna por trastornos hipertensivos en Chile durante 1999-2019
Authors: Duncan-Heinz Mikaela , García-García Amanda , Ruminot-Vidal Anita , Bonnefoy-Hermosilla Dennisse , Siefert-Espinosa Marla , Carrasco-Roa María-José , Kilchemmann-Fuentes Carlos
Published: November 2023

Antecedentes: los trastornos hipertensivos son alteraciones fisiopatológicas frecuentes y graves. En Latinoamérica son responsables de casi el 26% de las muertes maternas, mientras que en Chile corresponden a la segunda causa de defunción materna, después de las enfermedades médicas concurrentes al embarazo. En efecto, a nivel nacional, se ha observado que las muertes maternas por esta patología han sido elevadas en comparación con las defunciones maternas por otras causas. El objetivo de esta investigación, por tanto, es analizar las razones de mortalidad materna por trastornos hipertensivos en Chile entre 1999 y 2019.
 
Métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal de tipo ecológico de serie temporal. Se analizó el número de madres fallecidas por trastornos hipertensivos en el período 1999-2019 en Chile, excluyéndose las madres fallecidas por otras causas. Los datos se recopilaron del Departamento de Estadísticas e Información de Salud (DEIS) del Ministerio de Salud. Se empleó estadística descriptiva y análisis bivariado mediante un modelo de regresión lineal simple. Para ello se utilizó el software STATA-16.
 
Resultados: de los datos analizados se obtuvo un total de 196 madres fallecidas por trastornos hipertensivos. La razón de mortalidad materna mayor fue de 5.8 en 2001, mientras que la menor razón de defunciones maternas se registró en 2003 y 2015, siendo de 1.6 en ambos años. Además, se observó una reducción significativa de 0.11 en promedio por año.
 
Conclusión: se observa una disminución en las razones de mortalidad materna por trastornos hipertensivos en Chile, en el período 1999-2019.
DMAIC como herramienta para implementar un sistema de mejora para incrementar la productividad en la industria del sombrero
Authors: García-González Ramón , Paredes-Castañeda José Antonio , Bayona-Ibáñez Eduar
Published: November 2023

El presente estudio es una investigación aplicada que tiene como objetivo el diagnóstico de la industria maquiladora del sombrero en la región de Tehuacán, Puebla, México  y con base  a ello adaptar la filosofía de Manufactura esbelta como una estrategia para permanecer dentro del mercado globalizado apoyado en  la herramienta DMAIC, para ello se elaboró un diagnostico en las empresas maquiladoras aplicando una serie de cuestionarios para determinar las causas que generan la baja productividad de este sector, posteriormente se cuantificó las variables que afectan  a la productividad continuando con un análisis e integración  de sistemas de mejora y control de los métodos para garantizar la permanencia de este tipo de empresas en un mercado globalizado, los resultados de los cuestionarios arrojaron una situación muy crítica  que explica el nivel bajo de competitividad que prevale dentro de este tipo de empresas y con base a dichos resultados de diseño un sistema de mejora.
Digital transformation in the state entity
Authors: Vergel-Arévalo Gina Paola , Velásquez-Pérez Torcoroma , Castro-Silva Hugo Fernando
Published: November 2023

State companies have models of governance and management of Information Technology - IT, which are structuredfrom the perspective of ISO/IEC 38500:2015, COBIT, MinTIC guidelines, ISO 20000 and ITIL v3, which incorporatethe key decision factors, policies and guidelines, model components, and value chain processes. This project proposed the revision of the improvement strategy applicable to these models, through the evaluation of the current situation and determination of the plan that allows raising the maturity level for the generation of value in Colombian state entities. For the development of the research with a quantitative approach, we start with the review of the current state of maturity and gaps of the IT governance model and the IT governance and management macro-process with respect to meeting the objectives and goals established in the IT processes. This is followed by the definition of the management plan to close the identified gaps aligned with the MinTIC guidelines, the COBIT 2019 framework, and the ITIL 4 information technology infrastructure library. Finally, the work concludes with a manual for the application   of the improvement strategy to the proposed model.
Implementação e Análise de Técnicas de Hardening em Servidores de Hospedagem
Authors: Pontes Donato Alexandre , Policarpo Toledo Freitas Bruno , Mori Lazarin Nilson
Published: November 2023

Com ao avanço das tecnologias e da globalização, as pessoas estão cada vez mais conectadas a Internet, utilizando serviços, consumindo e produzindo conteúdo. A segurança de todos os dados produzidos e consumidos por todos é mais importante do que nunca. A partir disso, a proteção dos servidores de hospedagem que armazenam os dados utilizados por todos nós em nossas relações diárias passa a ser prioridade uma vez que um ataque impede os servidores de operarem corretamente ou rouba os dados, toda uma cadeia de produção e consumo é afetada com repercussões trágicas. Este trabalho analisa diversas combinações de técnicas de proteção para um servidor de hospedagem sob um teste de penetração. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que o uso de um Web Application Firewall como proxy reverso é preferível na proteção de um servidor de hospedagem, se comparado com um Intrusion Prevention System.
Vertical stratification of leaf physical traits exerts bottom-up pressures on insect herbivory in a sugar maple temperate forest
Authors: Hakimara Mahsa , Despland Emma
Published: November 2023

Do vertical gradients structure temperate forest insect herbivore
communities? We tested the hypothesis that the increase in light
intensity from understory to forest canopy level drives differences in
leaf physical traits and budburst phenology that impact insect
herbivores and thus play a role in structuring both herbivore
communities and the damage they cause to trees. Twelve sugar maple (Acer
saccharum) trees were monitored in southern Quebec, examining herbivore
patterns from understory to canopy. Three sampling sessions took place
in the summers of 2020, 2021, and 2022, recording temperature, humidity,
sun exposure, and leaf physical traits in three strata. In the first two
years, we measured herbivory rates, quantifying affected leaf surface
percentage by damage type. Overall, herbivory damage decreased from the
understory to the shade canopy and sun canopy in 2020, driven by leaf
cutters and skeletonizers. Leaf stipplers and blotch miners also
followed this pattern in 2020. The 2021 sampling showed a similar,
albeit weaker, pattern. Leaf cutters and skeletonizers consistently
caused less damage with increasing height in the canopy. The abundance
of insect herbivores collected in 2022 matched the observed damage
trend. Leaf thickness increased along the vertical gradient, making
leaves less accessible to herbivores. Variation in plant traits
according to sun exposure thus contributes to explaining vertical
stratification of insect herbivore damage. The average annual herbivory
rate of 9.1% of leaf surface suggests limited evidence supporting an
important contribution of background herbivory to the decline of sugar
maple forests
Failure characteristics and stress wave propagation of red sandstone under explosion with varying gas energies
Authors: Zhang Xiang , Chen Jun , Yi Hui , Yang Yang , Fang Shizheng , Li Chengxiao , Chen Shulin , Gao Derui , Wang Zhijie
Published: November 2023

The blasting excavation process during underground rock mass engineering
can induce severe stress disturbance, resulting in spalling and damage
to the surrounding rock mass in the tunnels, which can seriously
compromise the underground engineering construction. In the present
work, an experimental blast loading device was developed to study the
dynamic response of rocks under explosive loads, which could vary the
utilization of explosive gas energy by changing the constraint
conditions. The device employed a high-speed camera to record the stress
wave propagation and failure characteristics on the surface of the
specimen and verified the reliability of the experimental results using
an ultra-dynamic strain gauge. The developed apparatus was used to
explore the failure characteristics and stress wave propagation laws in
red sandstone under different explosion gas energies. The complete
process of stress wave propagation in red sandstone was captured under
different explosive gas energies, from an intact form to failure, and
the attenuation law of stress waves was obtained. The experimental
results showed that when the explosive stress wave traversed through the
specimen, it primarily experienced tensile strain, with maximum tensile
strain observed at the free surface. The stress wave propagation in the
specimen varied under different explosive loads, leading to varying
overall failure characteristics of the specimen. The larger the
amplitude of the stress wave, the greater the spatial attenuation
coefficients of the compression wave and the tensile wave. The thickness
of the spalling fracture was determined based on the wave width of the
stress wave λ , the attenuation coefficient of the
stress wave α, and the longitudinal wave velocity C. The closer the crack is to the bottom of the
specimen, the smaller the thickness. The experimental results provide
theoretical guidance to understand the strong dynamic disturbance
behavior and progressive instability failure phenomenon in deep
underground engineering.
The Role of In Situ Diversification in Island Endemism: Adaptive Introgression in Scutellaria in Taiwan
Authors: Sun Pei-Wei , Chang Jui-Tse , Luo Min-Xin , Chao Chien-Ti , Du Fang , Liao Pei-Chun
Published: November 2023

Island habitats are natural laboratories that offer unique opportunities
to study speciation mechanisms. Recent work indicates that both
anagenetic and cladogenetic speciation processes, driven by allopatric
and sympatric modes, contribute to island species diversity. However,
clear evidence of local adaptation of endemic plant species on islands
requires in-depth studies, which are scarce. This study underscores the
importance of local adaptation in maintaining species entity by
examining how adaptive introgression, hybridization, and local
adaptation contribute to genetic variation in island species.
Specifically, multilocus genome scanning of 51 nuclear genes was used to
investigate the evolutionary relationships of the Scutellaria species
complex on Taiwan Island and assess the role of in situ
diversification in generating high endemism and genetic diversity.
Recurrent interspecies introgressions were detected by phylogenetic
networks and ABBA-BABA-based analysis, suggesting ongoing or recent
speciation processes. Approximate Bayesian computation identified hybrid
speciation in S. taiwanensis and S. hsiehii, with evidence of
hybridization between more than two parental species.
Genotype-environment association studies revealed that the influence of
climate, particularly precipitation- and temperature-related factors,
contributed to adaptive genetic divergence between species.
Additionally, adaptive introgressions related to environmental pressures
that may have facilitated the colonization of new island habitats were
identified. This research illustrates how hybridization, introgression,
and adaptation shaped the evolutionary histories and divergence of this
island-endemic plant species complex and sheds light on the multifaceted
mechanisms of speciation on semi-isolated islands.
Broad-scale seasonal climate tracking is a consequence, not a driver, of avian migratory connectivity
Authors: Somveille Marius , Bossu Christen , DeSaix Matthew , Ruegg Kristen
Published: November 2023

Tracking climatic conditions throughout the year is often assumed to be
an adaptive behavior underlying seasonal migration patterns in animal
populations. In this study, we investigate this hypothesis using genetic
markers data to map migratory connectivity for 22 genetically distinct
bird populations across 6 species. We found that the variation in
seasonal climate tracking at a continental scale is more likely a
consequence, rather than an underlying driver, of migratory
connectivity, which is itself largely shaped by energy efficiency –
i.e. optimizing the balance between accessing available resources and
the cost of movement. However, our results also suggest that
regional-scale seasonal precipitation tracking affects migration
destinations, thus revealing a potential scale-dependency of ecological
processes driving migration. Our results have implications for the
conservation of migratory species under climate change, as populations
that track climate seasonally are potentially at higher risk if they
adapt to a narrow range of climatic conditions.
High-Rate Capability and Cyclic Stability of Ni-rich Layered Oxide LiNi0.83Co0.12Mn0.05-xAlxO2 cathodes: Nanofiber vs Nanoparticle Morphology
Authors: Sudakar Chandran , Mitra Soumyadip
Published: November 2023

High energy density Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes
LiNiCoMnAlO
(x=0, 0.025, 0.05; NMC, NMCA, and NCA, respectively) are fabricated in
two different microstructural forms: (i) nanoparticles (NP) and (ii)
nanofibers (NF), to evaluate the morphology and compositional effect on
the electrochemical properties using same precursors, with the latter
fabricated by electrospinning process. Although all the cathodes exhibit
a similar crystal structure as confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Raman
spectroscopy, contrasting difference is observed in their
electrochemical properties. XRD and XPS analyses indicate a higher
amount of cationic disorder for the NP cathodes compared to their NF
counterparts. Nanofibrous Ni-rich layered oxide cathodes exhibit higher
discharge capacities at all C-rates in comparison to NP cathodes. When
cycled at 1C-rate for 100 cycles, capacity retention of 81% is observed
for NCA-NF, which is superior to all cathodes. Voltage decay as a
function of the charge-discharge cycle is found to be low (0.2 mV/cycle)
for nanofibrous cathodes compared to 1.5 mV/cycle for NP cathodes. The
good rate capability and cyclic stability of nanofibrous Ni-rich layered
oxide cathodes are attributed to a shorter pathway of
Li diffusion and a large proportion of the active
surface area.
Characteristics of runoff changes and their climatic factors in two different glacier-fed basins
Authors: Zhenqi Sun , Shijin Wang , Zhongqin Li
Published: November 2023

The hydrological regulation function of glaciers in different watersheds
is different. This study took the Yanggong River Basin (YRB) and Urumqi
River Basin (URB) as two typical cases, to explore the runoff change
differences and their responses to climate factors during 1979-2017
using the Mann–Kendall test and correlation analysis method. In the
past 39 years , the annual runoff in the YRB showed
insignificant trend of increasing first and then decreasing. In
contrast, the URB’s increasing trend was significant. In the YRB, from
the 1980s to the 2010s, the monthly runoff extremum occurred earlier
than before, and the peak value is decreased. The time of monthly runoff
extremum in the URB has not changed, but the peak value is increasing.
Both basins showed an increasing trend in the annual temperature from
1979 to 2017, and the temperature rise in the URB was faster than in the
YRB. The precipitation in the two basins did not show a significant
increase or decrease trend from 1979 to 2017. The main influencing
factor of runoff change in the YRB is the precipitation during flood
season. The temperature rise causes an accelerated melting of the
glaciers and snow cover, which, in combination with the summer
precipitation change, contributed to the increase of runoff in the URB.
In continental glacier basins with many glaciers, the regulation
function of glaciers on total runoff is more significant.
Atmospheric Rivers in the Eastern and Midwestern United States Associated with Baroclinic Waves
Authors: O'Brien Travis Allen , Loring Burlen , Dufek Amanda , Islam Mohammad Rubaiat , Kamnani Diya , Quagraine Kwesi Twentwewa , Kirkpatrick Cody
Published: November 2023

Atmospheric rivers (ARs) significantly impact the hydrological cycle and
associated extremes in western continental regions. Recent studies
suggest ARs also influence water resources and extremes in continental
interiors. AR detection tools indicate that AR conditions are relatively
frequent in areas east of the Rocky Mountains. The origin of these ARs,
whether from synoptic-scale waves or mesoscale processes, is unclear.
This study uses meteorological composite maps and transects of AR
conditions during the four seasons. The analysis reveals that ARs east
of the Rockies are associated with a long-wave baroclinic Rossby wave.
This result demonstrates that eastern and midwestern ARs are dynamically
similar to their western coastal counterparts, though mechanisms for
vertical moisture flux differ between the two. These findings provide a
foundation for understanding future climate change and ARs in this
region and offer new methods for evaluating climate model simulations.
Signatures of Dipolarizing Flux Bundles in the Nightside Auroral Zone
Authors: Engebretson Mark J. , Gaffaney Sean A. , Ochoa Jesus A. , Runov Andrei , Weygand James M. , Nishimura Yukitoshi (Toshi) , Hartinger Michael D. , Pilipenko Vyatcheslav A. , Moldwin Mark B. , Connors Martin , Mann Ian , Xu Zhonghua , Rodriguez Juan V
Published: November 2023

Dipolarizing flux bundles (DFBs) have been suggested to transport energy
and momentum from regions of reconnection in the magnetotail to the high
latitude ionosphere, where they can generate localized ionospheric
currents that can produce large nighttime geomagnetic disturbances
(GMDs). In this study we identified DFBs observed in the midnight sector
from ~7 to ~10 RE by THEMIS A, D, and E
during days in 2015-2017 whose northern hemisphere magnetic footpoints
mapped to regions near Hudson Bay, Canada, and have compared them to
GMDs observed by ground magnetometers. We found six days during which
one or more of these DFBs coincided within ± 3 min with ≥ 6 nT/s GMDs
observed by latitudinally closely spaced ground-based magnetometers
located near those footpoints. Spherical elementary current systems
(SECS) maps and all-sky imager data provided further characterization of
two events, showing short-lived localized intense upward currents,
auroral intensifications and/or streamers, and vortical perturbations of
a westward electrojet. On all but one of these days the coincident DFB
– GMD pairs occurred during intervals of high-speed solar wind streams
but low values of SYM/H. In some events, in which the DFBs were observed
closer to Earth and with lower Earthward velocities, the GMDs occurred
slightly earlier than the DFBs, suggesting that braking had begun before
the time of the DFB observation. This study is the first to connect
spacecraft observations of DFBs in the magnetotail to intense
(>6 nT/s) GMDs on the ground, and the results suggest DFBs
could be an important driver of GICs.
Secondary flows of Prandtl’s second kind. Mechanism of formation and methods of prediction
Authors: Nikitin Nikolay
Published: November 2023

In this paper a mechanism is formulated and a principle is proposed that makes it possible to explain and, in some cases, to predict the shape of secondary flows of Prandtl?s second kind that arise in turbulent flows in straight pipes of non-circular cross-section. The effectiveness of the proposed principle is demonstrated by a number of known examples from the literature. The results of this work provide a rational basis for understanding the reasons for the formation and prediction of the shape of secondary flows of Prandtl?s second kind in straight pipes of non-circular cross-section.
Off-loading pressure relief with foam cut out cushions: experiences from Rancho los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center
Authors: Furumasu Jan , Buckner Robyn , Mata Christine , Requejo Philip
Published: November 2023

This paper explores the efficacy of the cushion fitting technique using foam cut out cushions for off-loading bony prominences in the sitting position, with a particular focus on reducing the high risk of developing pressure injuries among aging wheelchair users. This technique, historically employed at Rancho Los Amigos National Rehabilitation Center, has shown promising results in reducing pressure injuries for patients with spinal cord injuries. However, its widespread adoption remains limited. This manuscript aims to raise awareness about foam cut out cushions, its historical context, and its contemporary relevance by presenting customized solutions for individual patients with specific deformities. Key clinical points are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of skilled clinicians in the fitting process and the need to consider foam cut out cushions alongside other preventive measures. Case examples illustrate successful outcomes, demonstrating improved pelvic stability, posture, and off-loading of bony prominences. By promoting foam cut out cushions as a valuable cushioning option, this manuscript equips clinicians with knowledge to utilize this technique effectively.
Nie tylko z drewna. Wiadra klepkowe obite blachą w grobach wczesnośredniowiecznych na terenie ziem polskich
Authors: Kurasiński Tomasz
Published: November 2023

In this study, information was collected on stave-built wooden vessels (buckets) from early medieval cemeteries in Polish lands, for which the distinguishing feature is metal fittings in the form of strips and / or crescent- shaped applications. In the light of the current state of knowledge, we have information on 33 containers of such design from nineteen cemeteries. The most numerous collection of them was discovered in Lutomiersk, from where eight graves with such vessels are known. Three containers were recorded in the cemetery in Pień, and in Kałdus, Lubień, Komorowo and Poznań-Śródka – two in each. The remaining sites provided single finds. These vessels were subjected to a typological, formal and chronological analysis, taking into account the context of discovery and provenance, and on this basis an attempt was made to interpret their meaning in funeral rites. In Polish lands, the deceased were buried with the type of vessel in question at the end of the 10th century, and this custom disappeared at the beginning of the 12th century.
Bibliografia prac Prof. dr. hab. Bogusława Gedigi
Authors: Dolata-Daszkiewicz Izabella
Published: November 2023

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