bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis in controlling surgical instrument packaging defects
Authors: Yi Liangying , Chen Yanhua , Hu Ruixue , Hu Juan , Pan Wei
Published: November 2022

Surgical instrument packaging defects may affect the safety of medical care and patients and waste the hospital workforce, material resources, and financial resources. This study explored the application of healthcare failure mode and effect analysis in controlling surgical instrument packaging defects. We retrospectively evaluated the packaging process of 183,642 surgical instruments packaged in our hospital during January–June 2020 using the healthcare failure mode and effect analysis. Besides, we used a decision tree model to determine the steps requiring improvement and formulate the improvement measures. We applied the improvement measures to 190,231 surgical instrument packs packaged in
our hospital during July–December 2020. Based on the healthcare failure mode and effect analysis, we compared the packaging defect rates before and after adopting the improvement measures. Of the 183,642 packs selected before adopting the improvement measures, 98 defects occurred, with a defect rate of 0.053%. However, of the 190,231 packs selected after adopting the improvement measures, 22 defects occurred, with a defect rate of 0.012%. The defect rate of surgical instrument packaging handled by the central sterile supply department staff was significantly reduced (χ2 = 50.822, P = 0.001) after adopting the improvement measures. Using the medical failure mode and effect analysis method to control the defects in surgical instrument packaging can effectively reduce the packaging defect rate, ensuring patient safety.
Cleavages along {110} in bcc iron emit dislocations from the curved crack fronts
Authors: Suzudo Tomoaki , Ebihara Ken-ichi , Tsuru Tomohito , Mori Hideki
Published: November 2022

Body-centered-cubic (bcc) transition metals, such as $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe and W, cleave along the {100} plane, even though the surface energy is the lowest along the {110} plane. To unravel the mechanism of this odd response, large-scale atomistic simulations of curved cleavage cracks of $$\alpha $$
α
-Fe were conducted in association with stress intensity factor analyses of straight crack fronts using an interatomic potential created by an artificial neural network technique. The study provides novel findings: Dislocations are emitted from the crack fronts along the {110} cleavage plane, and this phenomenon explains why the {100} plane can be the cleavage plane. However, the simple straight crack-front analyses did not yield the same conclusion. It is suggested that atomistic modeling, at sufficiently large scales to capture the inherent complexities of materials using highly accurate potentials, is necessary to correctly predict the mechanical strength. The method adopted in this study is generally applicable to the cleavage problem of bcc transition metals and alloys.
Phytochemical, Botanical and Therapeutic Potential of Withania somnifera in Ayurveda
Authors: Subasini S. , Ananthi P. , Hemkumar K. , Pius Anitha
Published: November 2022

Traditional medicine and ethnomedicine have always used herbal remedies. In the Indian Ayurvedic system of medicine, Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) is a highly regarded genus. According to the Ayurvedic medical system, W. somnifera enhances physical and mental well-being and heals almost all health problems. Comparative analysis of relevant in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies has revealed that its phytochemicals have potent anti-inflammatory, strong antioxidant, antimicrobial, antianxiety, antacid, immunomodulatory, hypoglycemic, antiulcer, antitumor, dopaminergic depressant, and hepatoprotective activities, promoting the rationale behind several of its traditional uses. Cerebral illnesses such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases are also treated using this species. These species are natural sources of withanolides (steroidal lactones), which are employed in a variety of disease-treating compositions. The effects of W. somnifera as a multipurpose therapeutic agent have been studied in several pharmacological areas of research. Phytochemical and pharmacological research have been conducted to investigate various aspects of this substance. This chapter provides a detailed overview of W. somnifera and its active ingredients, geographical distribution, traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological properties.
Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi): Phytochemistry and Use in Traditional Ayurvedic Formulations
Authors: Kunjumon Renju , Johnson Anil John , Baby Sabulal
Published: November 2022

Bacopa monnieri (Brahmi) is described as a ‘brain tonic’ in ancient medical literature, and its formulations such as Brahmi ghrita, Brahmi rasayana, Brahmi vati and Saraswata ghrita are widely used in Ayurvedic medicine. This review describes the comprehensive phytochemistry of B. monnieri and the role of its molecular entities in Ayurvedic formulations. Over the last eight decades phytochemical studies have resulted in the isolation of 98 secondary metabolites from B. monnieri, viz., dammarane type triterpenoid saponins (34), pentacyclic triterpenes (6), phenylethyl glycosides (12), phenylpropanoid glycosides (2), cucurbitacins (7), steroids (8), flavonoids (6), alkaloids (3) and other miscellaneous compounds (20). Bacosides are the major bioactive constituents contributing to the cognitive effects of B. monnieri. However, most Brahmi-based Ayurvedic formulations do not define the chemical entities responsible for their biological activities; instead, their effects are attributed to synergism of their herbal ingredients. Chemical fingerprinting and other quality control measures are critically important in rationalizing the biological effects of Ayurvedic drugs. Similarly, the bioavailability and toxicity of Ayurvedic formulations need to be assessed. Genomic, metabolomic approaches and human trials with valid models on Ayurvedic drugs are so far limited, and these efforts need to be further augmented.
Therapeutic Potential of Triphala in Ayurveda and Its Phytochemical Studies
Authors: Asmita A. Wele , Soumya B. Koppikar , Gauri Nimkar , Rama Bendale
Published: November 2022

Triphala is a widely utilised Ayurvedic formulation available across the world as a nutraceutical. The pancharasa formulation consists of 177 bioactives which act in unison to eradicate diseased tissue without harming normal tissues, making it unique. This chapter provides an overview of Triphala from the Ayurvedic perspective, its bioactives, evidence of pharmacological activities, and approaches for current disease groups. Further, its potential as a nanomedicine by combining it with physiologically important metals using Rasashastra technology is discussed briefly.
Pharmacological Potential and Phytochemical Evaluation of Emblica officinalis: A Wonder Herb in Ayurveda
Authors: Singh Gurmeet , Gothe Shridevi , Vinayagan Nadana , Chawala Smriti
Published: November 2022

Emblica officinalis Gaertn./Phyllanthus emblica L (Euphorbiaceae), also known as Amla, is an important plant in Indian culture as well as in its traditional medicinal systems. It has more than 200 documented vernacular names and hundreds of documented formulations. The 354 medicinal formulations curated from nine important Ayurvedic texts indicate the most beneficial areas of fever (Jvara) (68 formulations), skin diseases (Kusta) (34 formulations), diabetes (Prameha) (27 formulations), cough (Kasa) (27 formulations), rejuvenation (Rasayana) (25 formulations), eye diseases (Akshi roga) (20 formulations), and anaemia (Pandu) (19 formulations). In modern science, E. officinalis is renowned for its comprehensive pharmacological potentials, namely antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antipyretic, and antiinflammatory, many of which could underpin the therapeutic benefits of E. officinalis reported in Ayurveda. These studies, mostly using cell and animal model systems, have given us a good understanding of the biological activity of E. officinalis and they lay a foundation for successful human clinical trials. However, characterisation and standardisation of E. officinalis extracts have lagged behind the pharmacology studies. This, in large part, is because one of the main groups of bioactive molecules of E. officinalis, polyphenols, is highly reactive and difficult to characterise. In recent years, researchers have started revealing the phytochemistry of E. officinalis and nearly 200 phytochemicals from E. officinalis have been reported. Clinical studies using well-characterised E. officinalis extracts and supported by cell and animal-based pharmacological studies hold good promise for translating E. officinalis-based formulations in Ayurveda to modern supplements and medicines.
Ayurvedic Formulations and Their Clinical Uses
Authors: Varma A. C. Karthik , Kuttappan Sasikumar , Joseph George , Jude Shintu , Amalraj Augustine
Published: November 2022

Ayurvedic medicines are regarded as a pioneer in the traditional systems of medicine, which are globally accepted. Ayurvedic medicines work on the synergistic effects on the ingredients in which all the individual ingredients equally contribute to the pharmacological activities. Even though most of the formulations are clinically evaluated for their efficacy, there are many drawbacks which need to be overcome. The study design, population, and biomarkers all need to be evaluated in clinical trials.
Chemiluminescence resonance energy transfer as a simple and sensitive readout mode for a CRISPR/Cas12a-based biosensing platform
Authors: Zhang Yuyuan , Lei Jing , Liu Wei , Jin Yan , Li Baoxin
Published: November 2022

In this CRET readout, the CL reaction of TCPO–H2O2 was used to replace the exciting light source of the FRET readout, which makes the instrument simpler and easier to miniaturize.
Light-responsive self-assembled microstructures of branched polyethyleneimine at low pH
Authors: Sharma Shivalika , Sharma Kamendra P.
Published: November 2022

Hierarchical self-assembled microstructures from dye labelled polyethyleneimine (PEI) form at pH 3. Irradiating these structures exhibits interesting morphological changes due to excited state proton loss by the dye and proton sponge effect of PEI.
Efficient alkaline water splitting catalyzed by ultrafine rhodium telluride nanoparticles
Authors: Pan Shuyuan , Chang Chaofeng , Luo Fang , Yang Zehui
Published: November 2022

In this study, we report an efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst of rhodium telluride (RhTe2) for alkaline water splitting.
Short peptide amphiphile nanostructures facilitate sunlight-induced nanowelding of gold nanosheets
Authors: Kesharwani Khushboo , Kautu Aanand , Sharma Shruti , Singh Ramesh , Kumar Vikas , Tripathi Satyendra Kumar , Shukla Prashant , Joshi Khashti Ballabh
Published: November 2022

Short peptide amphiphile guided nanowelding of multi-shaped gold nanoparticles produces micrometer range higher order gold structures, which represents a unique and facile emerging concept of thermoplasmonic welding.
Influences of electrostatic models on organic crystal structure prediction – a case study of pentacene
Authors: Guo Chao , Yin Shiwei , Wang Yun
Published: November 2022

Four electrostatic models including Charge, AMP, AMOEBA and QM-PFF models are applied to explore molecular packing of pentacene. AMP is a decisive factor to obtain the correct herringbone packing structures.
The Debye length and anionic transport properties of composite membranes based on supported ionic liquid-like phases (SILLPS)
Authors: Hernández S. I. , Altava Belen , Portillo-Rodríguez J. A. , Santamaría-Holek Iván , García-Alcántara C. , Luis Santiago V. , Compañ Vicente
Published: November 2022

An analysis of the ionic transport properties of BMIM [NTf2] in supported ionic-liquid-like phase (SILLP)-based membranes has been carried out based on experimental impedance spectroscopy measurements.
Site-dependent nuclear dynamics in core-excited butadiene
Authors: Oghbaiee Shabnam , Gisselbrecht Mathieu , Walsh Noelle , Oostenrijk Bart , Laksman Joakim , Månsson Erik P. , Sankari Anna , Eland John H. D. , Sorensen Stacey L.
Published: November 2022

Auger decay from terminal carbon (left) leads to dynamic processes while Auger decay from the central carbon site in butadiene does not.
Focal opening of the neuronal plasma membrane by shock-induced bubble collapse for drug delivery: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation
Authors: Zhou Mi , Wei Tong , Gu Lingzhi , Yang Hong , Li Ming , Zhou Yang
Published: November 2022

Cell permeabilization using shock-induced bubble collapse provides an attractive choice for drug delivery systems.
Theoretical investigation of single-atom catalysts anchored on pure carbon substrate for electroreduction of NO to NH3
Authors: Li Yanle , Zheng Guokui , Li Lei , Zhang Xingwang , Tian Ziqi , Chen Liang
Published: November 2022

Single-atom Au located on pure carbon substrate C558, is a promising electrocatalyst for NO electrochemical reduction, converting harmful NO pollutants into useful NH3 under ambient conditions.
Raman spectra and DFT calculations of thiophenol molecules adsorbed on a gold surface
Authors: Merlen A. , Berthomieu D. , Edely M. , Rerat M.
Published: November 2022

We calculated the Raman spectra of thiophenol molecules adsorbed on a real flat gold surface. Our results demonstrate that the orientation of the molecule on the metallic surface plays a key role in the interpretation of the SER spectra.
Unveiling the reaction pathways of hydrocarbonsviaexperiments, computations and data science
Authors: Takahashi Lauren , Yoshida Shigehiro , Fujima Jun , Oikawa Hiroshi , Takahashi Keisuke
Published: November 2022

Reaction networks of hydrocarbons are explored using first principles calculations, data science, and experiments.
Polarization-sensitive switchable display through critical coupling between graphene and a quasi-BIC
Authors: Li Zonglin , Nie Guozheng , Chen Zhiquan , Li Deqiong , Tan Diwen , Xu Hui , Liu Yunxin
Published: November 2022

Achieving switchable image display through light absorption in graphene monolayers enhanced by quasi-bound states in the continuum.
Pyridine coordination enabled stepwise PT/ET N–H transfer and metal-independent C–C cleavage mechanism for Cu-mediated dehydroacylation of unstrained ketones
Authors: Hu Zhiyun , Li Rongrong , Yang Xinzheng
Published: November 2022

A density functional theory study of copper-mediated dehydroacylation of 4-phenyl-2-butanone to the corresponding olefin reveals a flexible N–H transfer process and a metal-independent C–C cleavage mechanism.
Clumped methane isotopologues (13CH3D and12CH2D2) of natural samples measured using a high-resolution mass spectrometer with an improved pretreatment system
Authors: Wang Xinchu , Liu Cong-Qiang , Zhang Naizhong , Xu Sheng , Pang Zhiyong , Li Si-Liang , Ding Hu , Chen Jianfa , Xie Zengye , Ellam Rob M.
Published: November 2022

This work is dedicated to improving the efficient purification, collection, and clumped isotope analysis method for natural methane with a wide range of concentrations.
Emerging membrane technologies and disinfection methods for efficient removal of waterborne pathogens during the COVID-19 pandemic and post-pandemic
Authors: Mallakpour Shadpour , Azadi Elham , Hussain Chaudhery Mustansar
Published: November 2022

We summarize the use of diverse materials like metals/metal oxides in the preparation of filtration systems for water treatment.
Synthesis of surface dual-template molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles for extraction of ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin
Authors: Maleki Farideh , Daneshfar Ali
Published: November 2022

Synthesis of selective dual-template molecularly imprinted silica nanoparticles (MI-SiNPs) on the surface of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) for the simultaneous extraction of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and norfloxacin (NOR) from biological samples.
Metal porphyrins (M = Ti, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn) as potential catalysts for the oxidation of CO by N2O: insight from DFT calculations
Authors: Wang Shutao , Liu Zhao , Ye Yanjie , Meng Xu , Yang Pengcheng , Zhang Zhengze , Qiu Yifeng , Lei Junqiang
Published: November 2022

A highly active metal porphyrin catalyst for the treatment of harmful CO and N2O into N2 and CO2 was theoretically screened by DFT calculation.
A copper oxide nanorod derived metal–organic framework nanocomposite: a robust and sensitive electrocatalyst for the detection of furazolidone
Authors: Salandari-Jolge Naeime , Ensafi Ali A. , Rezaei Behzad
Published: November 2022

A voltammetric sensor based on a ZIF-8@CuO nanorod-modified GCE was developed to determine selectively furazolidone by differential pulse voltammetry.
BF3·OEt2 catalyzed S–H insertion reactions of α-diazo imidamides and enolizable thioamides under metal-free conditions
Authors: Mangali Rofin , Muthusamy Sengodagounder
Published: November 2022

A facile BF3·OEt2 catalysed S–H insertion reaction between α-diazoimidamides and enolizable thioamides is reported.
Tuning the annealing temperature to achieve heterostructured nanofibers for high performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Yu Shijin , Tong Jiahao , Wei Ying , Chen Tianrui , He Xuannan , Sui Huiqiang , Li Cuiyun , Zhu Hua , Fu Qiuyun , Kong LingBing
Published: November 2022

Nanofibers with NiO/Co3O4/NiCo2O4 heterostructures were prepared by adjusting the annealing temperature for excellent performance as electrodes for lithium-ion batteries.
Ir/Ni–NiO/CNT composites as effective electrocatalysts for hydrogen oxidation
Authors: Ji Xiafang , Chen Peng , Liu Yuanjun , Ji Zhenyuan , Zhou Hongbo , Chen Caiyao , Shen Xiaoping , Fu Xiaoqi , Zhu Guoxing
Published: November 2022

Ir/Ni–NiO/CNT composite catalyst for hydrogen oxidation is designed, which shows a high mass activity of 1.59 mA μgIr−1 in 0.1 M KOH. The presence of Ni–NiO weakens the hydrogen binding energy on Ir sites, and thus facilitates the Volmer step.
Preparation, characterization, and bio-degradation studies of high-performance bio-based polyimides based on bicyclic diamines derived from citric acid
Authors: Jiang Xueshuang , Long Yubo , Chen Kaijin , Yu Qiaoxi , Jiang Long , Chi Zhenguo , Liu Siwei , Xu Jiarui , Zhang Yi
Published: November 2022

The citric acid-based diamines are a bio-based building block that combines adequate rigidity, good thermal stability, interesting optical activities, and good biodegradability for the construction of high-performance functional polyimides.
Poly-ADP ribosylation of p21 by tankyrases promotes p21 degradation and regulates cell cycle progression
Authors: Jung Misun , Kim Wonyoung , Cho Jin Won , Yang Won Ho , Chung In Kwon
Published: November 2022

p21WAF1/Cip1 acts as a key negative regulator of cell cycle progression, which can form complexes with cyclin-dependent kinases together with specific cyclins to induce cell cycle arrest at specific stages. p21 protein levels have been shown to be regulated primarily through phosphorylation and ubiquitination during various stages of the cell cycle. Although phosphorylation and ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of p21 have been well established, other post-translational modifications that contribute to regulation of p21 stability and function remain to be further elucidated. Here, we show that p21 degradation and its function are controlled by tankyrases, which are members of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein family. p21 interacts with tankyrases via newly defined tankyrase-binding motifs and is PARylated by tankyrases in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PARylation is a new post-translational modification of p21. Up-regulation of tankyrases induces ubiquitin-dependent proteasomal degradation of p21 through an E3 ligase RNF146, thus promoting cell cycle progression in the G1/S phase transition. On the contrary, inhibition of tankyrases by knockdown or inhibitor treatment stabilizes p21 protein and leads to cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase. Together, our data demonstrate that tankyrase may function as a new molecular regulator that controls the protein levels of p21 through PARylation-dependent proteasomal degradation. Hence, a novel function of the tankyrase-p21 axis may represent a new avenue for regulating cell cycle progression.
Regulation of B cell receptor signalling by Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigens
Authors: Khasnis Sarika , Veenstra Hildegonda , McClellan Michael J. , Ojeniyi Opeoluwa , Wood C. David , West Michelle J.
Published: November 2022

The cancer-associated Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) latently infects and immortalises B lymphocytes. EBV latent membrane protein 2A and EBV-encoded microRNAs are known to manipulate B cell receptor signalling to control cell growth and survival and suppress lytic replication. Here, we show that the EBV transcription factors EBNA2, 3A, 3B and 3C bind to genomic sites around multiple B cell receptor (BCR) pathway genes, regulate their expression and affect BCR signalling. EBNA2 regulates the majority of BCR pathway genes associated with binding sites, where EBNA3 proteins regulate only 42% of targets predicted by binding. Both EBNA2 and 3 proteins predominantly repress BCR pathway gene expression and target some common genes. EBNA2 and at least one EBNA3 protein repress the central BCR components CD79A and CD79B and the downstream genes BLNK, CD22, CD72, NFATC1, PIK3CG and RASGRP3. Studying repression of CD79B, we show that EBNA2 decreases transcription by disrupting binding of Early B cell Factor-1 to the CD79B promoter. Consistent with repression of BCR signalling, we demonstrate that EBNA2 and EBNA3 proteins suppress the basal or active BCR signalling that culminates in NFAT activation. Additionally, we show that EBNA2, EBNA3A and EBNA3C expression can result in reductions in the active serine 473 phosphorylated form of Akt in certain cell contexts, consistent with transcriptional repression of the PI3K-Akt BCR signalling arm. Overall, we identify EBNA2, EBNA3A and EBNA3C-mediated transcription control of BCR signalling as an additional strategy through which EBV may control the growth and survival of infected B cells and maintain viral latency.
Depot-specific adipose tissue modulation by SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP1 agonists mediates their cardioprotective effects in metabolic disease
Authors: Bakkar Nour-Mounira Z. , AlZaim Ibrahim , El-Yazbi Ahmed F.
Published: November 2022

Sodium-glucose transporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are newer antidiabetic drug classes, which were recently shown to decrease cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. CV benefits of these drugs could not be directly attributed to their blood glucose lowering capacity possibly implicating a pleotropic effect as a mediator of their impact on cardiovascular disease (CVD). Particularly, preclinical and clinical studies indicate that SGLT-2i(s) and GLP-1 receptor agonists are capable of differentially modulating distinct adipose pools reducing the accumulation of fat in some depots, promoting the healthy expansion of others, and/or enhancing their browning, leading to the suppression of the metabolically induced inflammatory processes. These changes are accompanied with improvements in markers of cardiac structure and injury, coronary and vascular endothelial healing and function, vascular remodeling, as well as reduction of atherogenesis. Here, through a summary of the available evidence, we bring forth our view that the observed CV benefit in response to SGLT-2i or GLP-1 agonists therapy might be driven by their ameliorative impact on adipose tissue inflammation.
The GAPS Programme at TNG
Authors: Pino L. , Brogi M. , Désert J. M. , Nascimbeni V. , Bonomo A. S. , Rauscher E. , Basilicata M. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Di Mauro M. P. , Guilluy G. , Maggio A. , Malavolta L. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Molinaro M. , Montalto M. , Nardiello D. , Pedani M. , Piotto G. , Poretti E. , Rainer M. , Scandariato G. , Sicilia D. , Sozzetti A.
Published: November 2022

Aims.We present a novel method for studying the thermal emission of exoplanets as a function of orbital phase at very high spectral resolution, and use it to investigate the climate of the ultra-hot Jupiter KELT-9b.

Methods.We combine three nights of HARPS-N and two nights of CARMENES optical spectra, covering orbital phases between quadratures (0.25 < φ < 0.75), when the planet shows its day-side hemisphere with different geometries. We co-add the signal of thousands of Fe Ilines through cross-correlation, which we map to a likelihood function. We investigate the phase-dependence of two separate observable quantities, namely (i) the line depths of Fe Iand (ii) their Doppler shifts, introducing a new method that exploits the very high spectral resolution of our observations.

Results.We confirm a previous detection of Fe Iemission, and demonstrate a precision of 0.5 km s−1on the orbital properties of KELT-9b when combining all nights of observations. By studying the phase-resolved Doppler shift of Fe Ilines, we detect an anomaly in the planet's orbital radial velocity well-fitted with a slightly eccentric orbital solution (e= 0.016 ± 0.003, ω = 150−11+13°, 5σ preference). However, we argue that this anomaly is caused by atmospheric circulation patterns, and can be explained if neutral iron gas is advected by day-to-night atmospheric wind flows of the order of a few km s−1. We additionally show that the Fe Iemission line depths are symmetric around the substellar point within 10° (2σ), possibly indicating the lack of a large hot-spot offset at the altitude probed by neutral iron emission lines. Finally, we do not obtain a significant preference for models with a strong phase-dependence of the Fe Iemission line strength. We show that these results are qualitatively compatible with predictions from general circulation models (GCMs) for ultra-hot Jupiter planets.

Conclusions.Very high-resolution spectroscopy phase curves are of sufficient sensitivity to reveal a phase dependence in both the line depths and their Doppler shifts throughout the orbit. They constitute an under-exploited treasure trove of information that is highly complementary to space-based phase curves obtained with HST and JWST, and open a new window onto the still poorly understood climate and atmospheric structure of the hottest planets known to date.
Origin of the differences in rotational support among early-type galaxies: The case of galaxies outside clusters
Authors: Bílek M. , Duc P.-A. , Sola E.
Published: November 2022

Context.Early-type galaxies (ETGs) are divided into slow and fast rotators (FRs and SRs) according to the degree of ordered rotation of their stellar populations. Cosmological hydrodynamical simulations indicate that galaxies form as FRs before their rotational support decreases, usually because of mergers.

Aims.We aimed to investigate this process observationally for galaxies outside of clusters.

Methods.We made use of the fact that different merger types leave different traces that have different lifetimes. We statistically analyzed multiple characteristics of galaxies that are expected to be influenced by mergers, such as tidal features, kinematically distinct cores, and stellar ages. They were taken from the MATLAS and ATLAS3Ddatabases. Through multilinear regression we identified the quantities that, at a fixed mass and environmental density of the galaxy, significantly correlate with a measure of the ordered rotation of the galaxy,λReN.

Results.We found a negative correlation of the rotational support with the occurrence of tidal disturbances and kinematic substructures, and a positive correlation with metallicity and metallicity gradients. For massive galaxies, the rotational support correlates negatively with the abundance ofα-elements, and for the galaxies in low-density environments, it correlates negatively with the central photometric cuspiness. These and additional literature observational constraints are explained the easiest if the mergers that decreased the rotational support of ETGs were typically minor, wet, and happening atz ≈ 2. They did not form the currently observed tidal features. The observed frequency of tidal features implies a merging rate of 0.07–0.2 per Gyr. This is insufficient to explain the observed growth of the radii of ETGs with redshift by mergers.
From incoherent field to coherent reconnection
Authors: Robinson Rebecca A. , Carlsson Mats , Aulanier Guillaume
Published: November 2022

Context. Magnetic reconnection in the quiet Sun is a phenomenon that is consistently observed, however, its conditions of occurrence are not as well known as for more energetic events. It has recently become feasible to address this issue with 3D numerical simulations of realistically stratified and convection-driven reconnection.

Aims. We aim to illustrate ways by which quiet Sun fields may contribute to solar atmospheric heating via magnetic reconnection that is driven by convective motion. We also aim to compare our complex stratified model to earlier idealized coronal models in terms of reconnection drivers and topological conditions.

Methods. We analyzed a simulation of the quiet Sun in which a complex coronal magnetic field is self-consistently driven by the underlying convection. We employed a selection of Lagrangian markers to trace the spatiotemporal behavior of specific magnetic features that are relevant to magnetic reconnection and atmospheric heating.

Results. A relatively large-scale reconnection-driven heating event occurs in the simulated corona, in a flattened X-shaped feature characterized by a weak field and high current. It is reminiscent of a hyperbolic flux tube (HFT), which is located at the interface between multiple flux systems. One of these is a smooth overlying horizontal field and the two most relevant others are located below the HFT. They consist of an arcade and a horizontal flux rope which eventually reconnect with the overlying field, raising coronal plasma temperatures up to 1.47 MK.

Conclusions. We have identified a reconnection-driven coronal heating event in a quiet Sun simulation. We find that our results are in good phenomenological agreement with idealized coronal flare models, which demonstrates that the same general physical concepts are valid. However, we also find that the reconnecting flux rope and arcade are neither formed by any obvious coherent flux emergence, nor by any ordered photospheric motion or flux cancellation. Instead, they seem to develop merely from the self-consistent convective driving of pre-existing tangled field lines. This gradual and smooth ordering suggests an inverse cascade of magnetic helicity via smaller reconnection events, located at or above slowly-moving photospheric flux concentrations. We suggest that this case is representative of many heating events that may be ubiquitous in the real quiet Sun.
Circumbinary planets: migration, trapping in mean-motion resonances, and ejection
Authors: Gianuzzi Emmanuel , Giuppone Cristian , Cuello Nicolás
Published: November 2022

Context.Most of the planetary systems discovered around binary stars are located at approximately three semi-major axes from the barycentre of their system, curiously close to low-order mean-motion resonances (MMRs). The formation mechanism of these circumbinary planets is not yet fully understood. In situ formation is extremely challenging because of the strong interaction with the binary. One possible explanation is that, after their formation, the interactions between these planets and the surrounding protoplanetary disc cause them to migrate at velocities dependent on the nature of the disc and the mass of the exoplanet. Although extensive data can be obtained with direct hydrodynamical simulations, their computational cost remains too high. On the other hand, the directN-body simulations approach allows us to model a large variety of parameters at much lower cost.

Aims.We analyse the planetary migration around a wide variety of binary stars using Stokes-like forces that mimic planetary migration at a constant rate. Our goal is to identify the main parameters responsible for the ejection of planets at different resonances with the inner binary.

Methods.We performed 4200N-body simulations with Stokes-like forces and analysed their evolution and outcome as a function of the properties of each system. For each simulated exoplanet, we applied an ensemble learning method for classification in order to clarify the relationship between the inspected parameters and the process of MMR capture.

Results.We identify the capture probability for different N/1 MMRs, 4/1 being the most prone to capture exoplanets, with 37% probability, followed by MMR 5/1 with ~23% of probability. The eccentricity of the binary is found to be the most important parameter in determining the MMR capture of each circumbinary exoplanet, followed by the mass ratio of the binary and the initial eccentricity of the planet.
Approximations for adapted M-solutions of type-II backward stochastic Volterra integral equations
Authors: Hamaguchi Yushi , Taguchi Dai
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study a class of Type-II backward stochastic Volterra integral equations (BSVIEs). For the adapted M-solutions, we obtain two approximation results, namely, a BSDE approximation and a numerical approximation. The BSDE approximation means that the solution of a finite system of backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) converges to the adapted M-solution of the original equation. As a consequence of the BSDE approximation, we obtain an estimate for the L2-time regularity of the adapted M-solutions of Type-II BSVIEs. For the numerical approximation, we provide a backward Euler-Maruyama scheme, and show that the scheme converges in the strong L2-sense with the convergence speed of order 1/2. These results hold true without any differentiability conditions for the coefficients.
Am liebsten erinnere ich mich an die Zukunft –
Bündnis 90/Die Grünen befürworten die
Widerspruchslösung
Authors: Blasczyk Rainer
Published: November 2022

Liebe Kolleginnen und Kollegen,

auch wenn wir dachten, dass es nicht schlimmer kommen könnte – die
Anzahl der Organspenden ist 2022 in Deutschland weiter gefallen: die Zahl der
postmortalen Organspender liegt mit Stand September 2022 bei 636 und damit im
Vergleich zum Vorjahr um 8,6% niedriger. Damit ist Deutschland weiterhin
Schlusslicht im Eurotransplant-Verbund.
Behandlung funktioneller Bauchschmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
mit TCM
Authors: Schmid Florian , Agarwal Kamayni
Published: November 2022

Die nachstehende Fallvorstellung zeigt die Interventionsmöglichkeit
mittels TCM bei funktionellen Bauchschmerzen einer Jugendlichen auf. Abdominale
Schmerzen zählen zu den am häufigsten beklagten Beschwerden im
Kindes- und Jugendalter. Oft lässt sich kein morphologisches Korrelat
finden, was zu großen Sorgen und Nöten sowohl bei den Patienten
als auch den Eltern führt. Zudem ist die Lebensqualität von
Kindern mit funktionellen Abdominalbeschwerden (functional gastrointestinal
diseases [FGID]) deutlich reduziert. Nach Ausschluss möglicher
organischer Ursachen wird anhand der nachfolgenden Fallbeschreibung dargestellt,
welche Therapieoptionen die TCM beim Reizdarmsyndrom bietet.
Akupunktur bei funktionellen gastrointestinalen Störungen:
ein systematisches Review und eine Metaanalyse
Authors: Feig Martin A.
Published: November 2022

Zielsetzung Die therapeutische Wirkung von Akupunktur bei funktionellen
gastrointestinalen Störungen (functional gastrointestinal disorders,
FGID) ist umstritten. Eine Metaanalyse wurde durchgeführt, um die
Wirksamkeit und Sicherheit der Akupunktur bei FGID zu bewerten.

Methoden Die Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PUBMED, Web of Science, Wanfang
Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure und VIP-Database wurden ohne
sprachliche Einschränkungen bis zum 31.12.2019 durchsucht. Das
Risikoverhältnis (relatives Risiko, RR) mit
95-%-Konfidenzintervall (KI) wurde berechnet, um die Verbesserung der
Symptomschwere nach der Behandlung zu bestimmen.

Ergebnisse Es wurden insgesamt 61 randomisierte kontrollierte Studien
(RCT) zur Behandlung der FGID mit Akupunktur eingeschlossen. Die gepoolten
Ergebnisse zeigten Folgendes: Die Akupunktur führte im Vergleich zur
Pharmakotherapie (RR 1,13; 95-%-KI 1,09–1,17),
Plazebo-Akupunktur (RR 1,69; 95-%-KI 1,37–2,08), keiner
spezifischen Behandlung (RR 1,86; 95-%-KI 1,31–2,62) und die
Akupunktur zusätzlich als Begleitmaßnahme zu anderen aktiven
Behandlungen (RR 1,25; 95-%-KI 1,21–1,30) jeweils zu
Verbesserungen der Symptomschwere. Die Ergebnisse von Untergruppenanalysen, die
nach funktioneller Dyspepsie, Reizdarmsyndrom und funktioneller Verstopfung
gegliedert waren, untermauerten diesen Befund. Die Häufigkeit von
unerwünschten Ereignissen war bei Akupunktur geringer als bei anderen
Behandlungen (RR 0,75; 95-%-KI 0,56–0,99).

Schlussfolgerung Die Metaanalyse ergab, dass Akupunktur signifikant mit
der Linderung von FGID-Symptomen assoziiert war; die Qualität der
Evidenzlage war jedoch mäßig oder gering. Um die Wirksamkeit und
Sicherheit von Akupunktur als FGID-Behandlung zu verifizieren, sind weitere
Daten aus exakt konzipierten und gut geprüften RCTs erforderlich.
Two-Step Substitution Reaction of Phosphonates Carrying a Binaphthyl Group with Grignard Reagents Leading to the Formation of P-Chirogenic Phosphine Oxides
Authors: Murai Toshiaki , Ono Shunya , Sugiyama Aya , Sakamoto Nao , Kuwabara Kazuma , Minoura Mao
Published: November 2022

The reaction of phosphonates carrying a binaphthyl group with a range of Grignard reagents was complete within two hours at 0 °C to give phosphinates carrying a hydroxybinaphthyl group with high ­efficiency and diastereoselectivity. The resulting phosphinates were further subjected to a substitution reaction with MeMgBr. The reaction at reflux temperature in THF or toluene permitted the formation of P-chirogenic tertiary phosphine oxides with a high enantiomeric ratio. Rare examples of P-chirogenic alkynyl phosphine oxides were also obtained. The sequential one-pot substitution reaction of phosphonates bearing a binaphthyl group with two different Grignard reagents successfully gave the corresponding P-chirogenic phosphine oxides with enantiomeric ratios nearly equal to those of oxides derived from two-step reactions.
Protective Effect of the SIRT1-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway against Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Neonatal Mice
Authors: Zhang Rui-Bo , Ren Lan , Ding De-Ping , Wang Heng-Dong , Peng Juan , Zheng Kun
Published: November 2022

Objective To discover the mechanism of the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in the protection against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in neonatal mice.

Materials and Methods Neonatal mice were treated with EX527 (an inhibitor of SIRT1) and/or pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB). The survival rate of the mice was recorded. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was performed to observe the pathological changes in the intestines. Furthermore, western blotting, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction were conducted to measure the protein and gene expression, while corresponding kits were used to detect the levels of oxidative stress indicators.

Results PDTC increased the survival rate of NEC mice. When compared with the NEC+ EX527 + PDTC group, the histological NEC score was higher in the NEC + EX527 group but lower in the NEC + PDTC group. SIRT1 expression in the intestines of NEC mice was downregulated, with an increase in p65 nuclear translocation. Additionally, malondialdehyde increased and glutathione peroxidase decreased in the intestines of NEC mice, with the upregulation of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as the downregulation of ZO-1, occludin, and claudin-4 in the intestines. However, the above changes could be improved by PDTC, which could be further reversed by EX527.

Conclusion SIRT1 can mitigate inflammation and the oxidative stress response and improve intestinal permeability by mediating the NF-κB pathway, playing an important role in the alleviation of NEC.
Intranasal Midazolam Premedication for Digital Image-Assisted Fundus Examination in Preterm Neonates
Authors: Sartorius Victor , Tellier Mélanie , Jouvette Isabelle , De Luca Daniele
Published: November 2022

Objective We aimed to evaluate the feasibility and tolerability of fundus examination in preterm newborns after implementing a premedication with intranasal midazolam as a quality improvement project in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

Study Design Prospective examination of all fundus examinations between January and June 2022, before 0 (T0) and after 1 (T1), 15 (T15), and 60 (T60) minutes from intranasal midazolam administration. The EDIN (Echelle de Douleur et Incomfort du Nouveau-né [newborn pain and discomfort score—in French]) pain score was calculated and various physiologic parameters were recorded. Data were analyzed with repeated measures ANOVA (analysis of variance).

Results A total of 36 fundus examinations were performed in 27 noninvasively ventilated patients. The mean EDIN score went from 0.8 ± 1 at T0 to 0.72 ± 1.05 at T1, then to 0.22 ± 0.59 at T15, and to 0 ± 0 at T60 (p < 0.001). Thus, it remained below the threshold of 5, which is associated with significant pain. The mean heart rate decreased from 164 ± 16 at T0, to 161 ± 16 at T1, then to 154 ± 14 at T15, and to 153 ± 12 at T60 (p < 0.001). There was no significant change in the oxygen saturation/inspired oxygen fraction ratio across the four time points (p = 0.202) and the mean arterial pressure was similar before and after the administration of midazolam (60 ± 10 vs. 59 ± 10, p = 0.571).

Conclusion Intranasal midazolam provides good comfort and normal physiological parameters; therefore, the implementation of a NICU protocol to improve quality of retinal examinations seems feasible and well tolerated.

Key Points
The impact of inner-coupling and time delay on synchronization: From single-layer network to hypernetwork
Authors: Guo Heng , Zhou Jin , Zhu Shuaibing
Published: November 2022

Though synchronization of complex dynamical systems has been widely studied in the past few decades, few studies pay attention to the impact of network parameters on synchronization in hypernetworks. In this paper, we focus on a specific hypernetwork model consisting of coupled Rössler oscillators and investigate the impact of inner-coupling and time delay on the synchronized region (SR). For the sake of simplicity, the inner-coupling matrix is chosen from three typical forms, which result in classical bounded, unbounded, and empty SR in a single-layer network, respectively. The impact of inner-couplings or time delays on unbounded SR is the most interesting one among the three types of SR. Once the SR of one subnetwork is unbounded, the SR of the whole hypernetwork is also unbounded with a different inner-coupling matrix. In a hypernetwork with unbounded SR, the time delays change not only the size but also the type of SR. In a hypernetwork with bounded or empty SR, the time delays have almost no effect on the type of SR.
Effect of cobalt substitution on the structural, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of bismuth ferrite thin films
Authors: Joshi Chhatra R. , Acharya Mahendra , Sheikh Md Sariful , Plombon John , Gupta Arunava
Published: November 2022

Epitaxial films of multiferroic BiFe1−xCoxO3 (BFCO) with 0≤x≤0.35 are grown on (001)-oriented SrTiO3 and SrRuO3 buffered SrTiO3 substrates using the pulsed laser deposition technique. The effect of structural transformation from rhombohedral to tetragonal phase with increasing cobalt substitution on the magnetic, electrical, and piezo-/ferroelectric properties is investigated. Piezoresponse force microscopy is used to quantify the coercive voltage from the phase hysteresis loops for different thickness films to investigate the semi-empirical Kay–Dunn scaling law with varying cobalt concentrations. For the rhombohedral structure, a reduction of the coercive voltage is observed with increasing substitution of Fe by Co. The coercive voltage of a 10 nm BFCO (x=0.35) film is found to be 0.63 V, which is 67% lower than that of a pure BiFeO3 (BFO) (1.9 V) film of the same thickness. Cobalt substitution also leads to changes in the magnetic and electrical properties due to modification of spin ordering and reduction of the bandgap, respectively. Further, to validate the experimental results, we have performed theoretical calculations using density functional theory. The theoretical results indicate a reduction in unit cell volume and enhancement in net magnetization can be achieved with cobalt substitution, in agreement with experimental results. Partial Co substitution can, thus, provide a pathway to realize BFO-based nonvolatile magnetoelectric devices with reduced operating voltage.
Reliable emulation of complex functionals by active learning with error control
Authors: Fang Xinyi , Gu Mengyang , Wu Jianzhong
Published: November 2022

A statistical emulator can be used as a surrogate of complex physics-based calculations to drastically reduce the computational cost. Its successful implementation hinges on an accurate representation of the nonlinear response surface with a high-dimensional input space. Conventional “space-filling” designs, including random sampling and Latin hypercube sampling, become inefficient as the dimensionality of the input variables increases, and the predictive accuracy of the emulator can degrade substantially for a test input distant from the training input set. To address this fundamental challenge, we develop a reliable emulator for predicting complex functionals by active learning with error control (ALEC). The algorithm is applicable to infinite-dimensional mapping with high-fidelity predictions and a controlled predictive error. The computational efficiency has been demonstrated by emulating the classical density functional theory (cDFT) calculations, a statistical-mechanical method widely used in modeling the equilibrium properties of complex molecular systems. We show that ALEC is much more accurate than conventional emulators based on the Gaussian processes with “space-filling” designs and alternative active learning methods. In addition, it is computationally more efficient than direct cDFT calculations. ALEC can be a reliable building block for emulating expensive functionals owing to its minimal computational cost, controllable predictive error, and fully automatic features.
The influence of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing insulating paper
Authors: Dai Quanmin , Mu Guowei , Tan Fuwen , Chen Huidong , You Xianggang , Liu Yanxia , Cheng Guang
Published: November 2022

The parameter of tensile strength for transformer bushing insulating paper occupies an important position in the structural design and life evaluation of transformer bushing. In order to precisely achieve the effect of aging time and moisture content on the tensile strength of transformer bushing paper, transformer insulating paper samples with a thickness of 0.13 mm were prepared for tensile strength and dielectric strength testing under different moisture contents and aging states. The results show that the tensile strength (MPa) of insulating paper decreases linearly in the range of 0–648 h under accelerated thermal aging at 130 °C. However, there is a more serious exponential decline in the tensile strength (MPa) of insulation paper with its moisture content is boosted. The moisture content in insulation paper is the most important factor for insulation paper deterioration in oil-impregnated paper insulation equipment, which could accelerate the end of insulation service life. The value of capacitance increment ΔC of the insulation paper samples displayed closely linear growth with a moisture content from 0.5% to 5.9%. Strictly controlling the moisture content by monitoring the ΔC value of transformer insulation paper is of significance for prolonging its service life.