bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cross sectional study of behavioral problems of secondary school children and related socio-demographic factors
Authors: Masare Monika S. , Bansode-Gokhe Seema S. , Bansode-Gokhe Seema S. , Shinde R. R. , Shinde R. R.
Published: May 2017

Background: School-going children form an important vulnerable segment of the nation’s population. Children in the school-going age group of 5 to 16 years constitute a total of 30% of the total population. School age is a dynamic period of physical growth and development, when the child undergoes rapid mental, emotional, and social changes. Therefore, school-going children are susceptible groups for psychiatric disorders especially behavioural problems. The present research was carried out with an objective to study the behavioural problems of secondary school children and its relation to the various socio-demographic and socio-economic factors.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted on 304 secondary school children studying in 8th and 9th standard in the regarding socio-demographic profile and Strength and difficulties questionnaire. The analysis was done using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software.Results: In this study, the prevalence of abnormal behavioral according to self-rated SDQ was found to be 1.6% while prevalence of borderline abnormal behavior was 11.2% and majority 87.2% of study subjects were normal having no behavioral problem. The combined borderline and abnormal behavioral problems were more prevalent in the age group of 12-13year (64.1%) and 13-14 years (30.8%), also more prevalent among girls (69.2%) compared to boys (30.8%). The prevalence of behavioral problems was higher among students studying in 9th standard (74.4%, 29/39) and studying in Hindi medium (61.5%). The incidence was found to be more in students who belongs to nuclear families (79.5%) and also was more among those who were first born compared to middle born and last born children. Majority of fathers were working as semiskilled (41.4%) and skilled (32.9%) workers, among the father’s alcohol users (45.06%) were high compared to the tobacco users (31.9%).Conclusions: Socio-demographic factors and occupation of father and alcohol consumption among them was found to be significantly associated with the behavioural problems of the study subjects.
A study of post-surgical maternal morbidity and mortality in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Garg Richa , Desai Ranjana
Published: May 2017

Background: Surgery is a lifesaving procedure. With the advances in anaesthetic services and improved surgical techniques the morbidity and mortality of this have come down considerably. Amongst all surgeries Caesarean section is most commonly performed major surgery. The study was aimed to evaluate the post-surgical maternal deaths and to examine etiology and preventability of maternal deaths and make protocol for decreasing future mortality in a series of 46102 deliveries between 2014 to 2016Methods: This was a prospective analytical study of all post-surgical maternal deaths at Umaid Hospital Dr. S. N. Medical College Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India between July 2014 and June 2016.Results: The total number of deliveries in 2 years (July 2014-June 2016) was 46102 and number of maternal deaths was 98. Out of this 49(50%) were post-surgical deaths. Majority of patients 57.14% were between age group of 21-30 years and 14.28% were below 20 years. Majority of patients were rural 77.55% and 22.4 belonged to urban area. 22.4 % were multigravidae and 46.9% were primigravidae. 89.7% of patients were unbooked. 20% deaths occurred within 4hrs after surgery, 53% deaths within 4-12 hrs, 8.16% deaths between 12-24 hours. Caesarean was done in (40.8%) cases. In 32% cases hysterectomy was done for postpartum haemorrhage. In one case, re-exploratory laparotomy was done. All the patients were associated with risk factors and lack of proper antenatal care, lack of knowledge, illiteracy, poor transport and late referral further increases the surgical risk.Conclusions: Good antenatal care, high risk screening, comprehensive emergency obstetric services, hospital delivery and incorporation of obstetric drills decreases the post-surgical deaths.
Thyroid dysfunctions in patients with chronic renal failure
Authors: Pakhle Ketan , Parikh Rushab , Jain Ashwini , Kashyap Prashant , Dave Dhaval , Bhate Archana
Published: May 2017

Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF), or end-stage renal disease (ESRD), is a progressive, irreversible deterioration in renal function in which the body’s ability to maintain metabolic and fluid and electrolyte balance fails, resulting in the development of clinical symptoms like uraemia or azotemia. Thyroid hormones have an important role in regulating metabolism, development of the kidney, maintenance of water and electrolyte homeostasis, protein synthesis and influencing other hormone function. Tri-iodothyronine (T3) and thyroxin (T4) are the two main hormones produced by the thyroid. The patients with chronic renal failure often exhibit clinical features and laboratory findings which are indicative of thyroid dysfunction, since, kidney is involved in the metabolism and elimination of TH.Methods: This was a cross sectional single centre descriptive study, including 50 patients of either gender between the age of 45-70 years.Results: Present study found a significant positive correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score in patients with CRF.Conclusions: Since there was found to be a correlation between the TSH levels and Zulewski score, the evaluation of symptoms and signs with Zulewski score in addition to thyroid function testing in patients with thyroid dysfunction is essential, since it can be a marker for CRF.
Knowledge about anesthesia and the role of anesthesiologists among Jeddah citizens
Authors: Bagabas Ahmed M. , Ashi Mootaaz M. , Alamoudi Ahmed O. , Alaidarous Sameer A. , Filemban Sohaib K. , Bahaziq Wadeeah K.
Published: May 2017

Background: The anesthesiologist has a vital role in the operating theatres. Awareness of the role of the anesthesiologist and the types of anesthesia is essential for every person. This study was made to estimate how much information the general population have about the anesthesiologist and the different types of anesthesia.Methods: This research was a cross sectional non-interventional study. The research team conducted a questionnaire in which each participant in the study was interviewed by the research team. The sample size was 159 participants.Results: From the participants,99 (62.2%) recognized the anesthesiologist as a specialized doctor who administers the anesthetics,62 (38.9%) know that the anesthesiologist has a role in resuscitating the patient with the team if crises occurred. However, 85 (53.4%) believe that the surgeon has the responsibility of postoperative pain management. Physicians were the source of knowledge for most participant’s information.Conclusions: A reasonable percentage of people appreciated the role of the anesthesiologist in administrating the anesthesia, however there is a lack of information about the role of the anesthesiologist intra and postoperatively. The need for more education for people about anesthesia is essential as the amount of information about anesthesia in general is rather low.
Bilateral morgagni hernia in a case of Weill-Marchesani syndrome-a rare association
Authors: Chetambath Ravindran , Parengal Jabeed , Aslam Mohammed , Shivashankaran Sanjeev
Published: May 2017

Morgagni hernia constitutes only about 2% of all diaphragmatic hernias and bilateral Morgagni hernia is extremely rare. Here we present a 75 year old female patient with morphometric features of Weill-Marchesani syndrome who has bilateral Morgagni hernia. This association is reported for the first time in literature.
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis: a case report
Authors: Kibe Rutuja , Biniwale Nishit , Biniwale Atul
Published: May 2017

Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (HPP), a clinical syndrome characterized by low serum potassium, is a rare but treatable cause of acute muscular weakness. The etiology can be attributed to various factors and can be either idiopathic or due to secondary causes. The approach to a case of HPP involves identifying the underlying etiology and prompt replenishment and maintenance of the potassium levels. Further management depends on the cause, frequency of attacks, severity of symptoms and the duration of the illness.
Autosomal recessive infantile osteopetrosis: case report with radiological review
Authors: Kalekar Tushar , Sehrawat Vipul
Published: May 2017

Autosomal recessive type of osteopetrosis or infantile malignant osteopetrosis is a rare congenital disorder of bone resorption characterised by generalised skeletal densification. Incidence is estimated around 1/2,00,000 live births. Osteopetrosis has been reported in most ethnic groups, although, as the disease is very rare, it is more frequently seen in ethnic groups where consanguinity is common. Bone marrow failure, fractures and visual impairment are the classical features of the disease, which begins in early infancy or in foetal life. It results from the failure of osteoclasts to resorb immature bone. This leads to abnormal bone marrow cavity formation and to the clinical signs and symptoms of bone marrow failure. It is accompanied by hepatosplenomegaly due to compensatory extramedullary hematopoiesis. Because of rarity of this type of osteopetrosis, we would like to report this case of a female child who presented with cough, fever and anemia at the age of 3 years.
Uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina with chronic presentation: a case report
Authors: Anant Monika , Das Bibekanand , Bhadra Avishek , Mukherji Joydev
Published: May 2017

This is a case report of a 24-year patient who had uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina. Clinical manifestations of this case were of progressive dysmenorrhea, abdominal pain after menarche, cyclic difficulty in urination and constipation, with the existing paravaginal tumor indicated this rare anomaly. The diagnosis was by clinical examination and ultrasonography.  The patient underwent successful transvaginal septoplasty and drainage of the hematocolpos and hematometra, which is the appropriate mode of treatment in such cases.
Lupus vulgaris: a rare presentation of tuberculosis
Authors: Ali Nasreen , Agarwalla Sunil Kumar , Mohanty Niranjan , Mallick Pulok Ranjan
Published: May 2017

70-80% of tuberculosis in children is pulmonary tuberculosis and the rest belong to the group of extra pulmonary tuberculosis, of which cutaneous TB is relatively uncommon. Here, we present a case of 10year old boy who was admitted in emergency paediatric department of MKCG medical college with complains of pain abdomen. On further examination and investigation was diagnosed as a case of Lupus vulgaris with SAIO.
A case of albendazole and niclosamide resistant Taenia saginata infection
Authors: Mohanty Aroop , Singh T. Shantikumar , Bhutia Tshering Ongmu , Gupta Pratima , Gupta Priyanka
Published: May 2017

Taenia saginata infection is an important food-borne parasitic zoonosis which is endemic in countries where majority of people eat raw or inadequately cooked beef. The infection is rare in India except in Jammu Kashmir and Northeast states, India. Majority of taeniasis patients are asymptomatic, few may present with a variety of abdominal symptoms and rarely hepatobiliary complications. Diagnosis is made commonly by finding proglottids and or eggs in the faeces.  Here we report a chronic and uncomplicated case of saginata taeniasis resistant to niclosamide and albendazole but responded to a single dosage of praziquantel 15 mg per Kg body weight.
Discoid lupus erythematosus with epithelial dysplasia: a case report
Authors: Rai Harishchandra , Dayakar Anitha , H. Supriya , Sojan Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

Lupus erythematosus is a classic example of an immunologically mediated condition and is one of the most common of the so called “collagen vascular” or connective tissue diseases. Lupus erythematosus was first described by Biett in 1828 and Kaposi in 1872. Development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can occur in DLE, with about 20 cases reported in the world literature to-date, which led the World Health Organization (WHO) to classify DLE as one of the precancerous conditions. Thus malignant changes in such a condition must be given utmost importance. This article focuses on a rare case of DLE with epithelial dysplasia.
Clinical profile and predictors of outcome in children admitted to PICU with acute encephalitis syndrome
Authors: Sambasivam Ekambaranath , Muthaiyan Jayakumar , Mohan Sreedivya , Ayyavoo Aravind Malayappan , Jayachandran Ganesh
Published: May 2017

Background: Acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) is defined as the acute onset of fever and change in mental status (including symptoms such as confusion, disorientation, coma or inability to talk) and/or new onset seizures (excluding febrile seizures) in a person of any age at any time of the year. AES is reported mainly from Assam, Bihar, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Uttar Pradesh contributing approximately to 80% cases with case fatality rate of 20-25%. In view of paucity of clinical studies from Tamil Nadu, this study was undertaken to have a better insight on the clinical profile and prognostic indicators of AES in children. Objective of present work was to study the clinical profile and predictors of outcome of Acute encephalitis syndrome patients admitted in PICUMethods: This retrospective study was conducted in children with AES admitted to PICU, Stanley medical college over a period of 1year (May 2015-May 2016). 30 cases were studied. Clinical features, demography, immunisation status, and outcome were recorded. Results of blood investigations, peripheral smear, neuroimaging, CSF analysis and IgM ELISA for HSV, JE, CMV, Dengue were recorded and analysed.Results: Mean age of cases was 3.5±3.3years. Male to female ratio was 1.1:1. Etiology included HSV (6.67%), malaria (3.33%), dengue (3.33%), tubercular meningitis (3.33%), AES of unknown origin (83.3%) 11, Most common presentation was seizures 21 (70%). 17 (56.6%)presented with GCS <8. 11 (36.6%) required inotrope support, 16 (53.4%) were ventilated. Laboratorial findings included, leukocytosis in 17 (66.7%), dysglycemia in 12 children (39.99%), hyponatremia in 10 (33.33%), hypernatremia in 8 (26.67%) Mortality was observed in 11 cases (36.67%). Hyponatremia (p=0.02) and cases requiring ionotrope support on admission (p=0.0003) were significantly associated with mortality.Conclusions: There was no case of Japanese encephalitis. Hyponatremia being significantly associated with mortality among children with AES, warrants detailed evaluation to define the etiology which will aid in appropriate management. Maintaining euvolemia, prompt identification of shock and appropriate use of inotropes is of utmost importance. Varied and changing etiologies of AES poses a diagnostic challenge.
A study of maternal factors influencing very low birth weight babies
Authors: Sachithanantha Mooorthi Mani Madhavan , Nadesan Balakrishnan , Ramalingam Ezhilarasu , Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman
Published: May 2017

Background: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants present one of the greatest medical and ethical challenges to the medical field. Although they represent a small percentage of overall birth and NICU admissions, VLBW infants are often the most critically ill and at the highest risk for mortality and long-term morbidity of any NICU patients. The present study was conducted with aim to find out the maternal risk factors related to VLBW of newborn.Methods: This prospective case control study was conducted in Govt. R.S.R.M Lying in Hospital, which is affiliated to Stanley Medical College, during the period from January 2005- December 2005. The data related to maternal and new born variables were collected and evaluated by using Chi square test. P value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: The incidence of VLBW newborns was found to be 2.08%. The most common cause of VLBW is preterm delivery (84%). Maternal factors like age, weight, parity, literacy, mid arm circumference, income, bad obstetric history of the mother and birth interval showed a significant association with the incidence of VLBW of the infants (P <0.05). Antenatal visits, maternal occupation and maternal disease had no significant (P >0.05) influence on the delivery of VLBW babies.Conclusions: In the present study, incidence of VLBW was associated with the maternal factors like age, parity, literacy, nutritional status, income, birth interval and previous history of bad obstetrics. Hence, the study concludes that pregnant women need to be careful of all these above factors so as to avoid VLBW babies.
The incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in term newborn babies weighing more than two kilograms
Authors: Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman , Ramalingam Ezhilarasu , Sachithanantha Moorthi Mani Madhavan , Nadesan Balakrishnan
Published: May 2017

Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia is a common metabolic problem especially in cases like prematurity, sepsis and small gestational age. Episodes of asymptomatic hypoglycemia may occur due to many risk factors. The present study aimed to evaluate the incidence of asymptomatic hypoglycemia in term new born babies weighing more than 2 kg, to study the plasma sugar level at various time points during first 48 hours of life and to study the effect of maternal factors like parity, mode of delivery, glucose infusion during labour, and time since last feed on plasma sugar level.Methods: A hospital based longitudinal study was conducted over a period of one year from April 2005 to March 2006 in Kilpauk Medical College Hospital, Chennai. 400 babies born of consecutive deliveries were included in the study. Their plasma glucose levels were assessed in cord blood, 3 hr, 12 hr and 36 hr of life. Plasma glucose levels were analysed with regards to distribution, variables like parity, mode of delivery, dextrose infusion during labour and time since last feed. The plasma glucose levels were statistically analysed by paired student ‘t’ test, multiple analysis of variance (ANOVA), chi- square test using SPSS (version 7.5) statistical package.Results: The overall incidence of hypoglycemia was seen in 20% of the neonate’s in which 29.7% in small gestational age (SGA) and 16.7% in appropriate gestational age (AGA) babies. A significant (p <0.01) association between hypoglycemia and birth weight was observed. The association between hypoglycemia with parity, mode of delivery, sex of the baby and glucose infusion received by the mother was studied, but no significant association was found. A significant difference in plasma glucose based on birth weight at 3rd hour, 12th hour and 36th hour was observed (p <0.05). None of the infants showed any clinical signs of hypoglycemia.Conclusions: The incidence of hypoglycemia was noted in 20% of the neonates. Low birth weight was considered as risk factor. A significant association was also observed between plasma glucose, mode of delivery and time since last fed.
Immediate outcome and risk factors determining the outcome of status epilepticus in children attending tertiary care centre
Authors: Thandavarayan Murali , Ramaswamy Sureshkumar , Bose Priyadarsini , Thirumalaikumarasamy Sivaraman
Published: May 2017

Background: Status epilepticus (SE) is a paediatric and neurological medical emergency, continuous seizure lasting more than 30 min, or two or more seizures without full recovery of consciousness between any of them. Determination of immediate outcome of SE in children in a tertiary care hospital and to identify the risk factors influencing the outcome was the objectives of the present study.Methods: A study was conducted in Dept of Pediatrics, Tirunelveli Medical College Hospital among the children from 1 month to12 years of age, who had admitted for SE in hospital’s pediatric causality from October 2009 to October 2010 were selected for the study.Results: Out of 92 patients, total 87 patients completed the study and out of those 74 have recovered and 13 have died. The risk factors significantly affecting the outcome were hypoxia at the time of arrival, decompensated shock, respiratory failure requiring intubation and acidosis.Conclusions: Proper prehospital therapy, early referral, proper care while transporting, anticipitating risk factors involved, and protocol based approach uniformly at all hospital can reduce the mortality due to status epilepticus in children.
Nutritional status and its correlates in under five children of labour population in urban slums of Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Aggarwal Tarun , Srivastava Shitanshu
Published: May 2017

Background: Malnutrition has a long-term effect on physical and cognitive development of a child. Addressing nutritional problems of urban poor living in slums is of paramount importance for overall development. Effective measures could be taken if we know their sociodemographic profile, burden of malnutrition and infant feeding practices.Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was conducted in under five children living in urban slums of Lucknow around Era’s Lucknow Medical College and Hospital after taking consent from the parents and approval by institute’s ethical committee. The objective of the study was to know the prevalence of malnutrition and assess the feeding practices, immunization status and morbidities in under five children of labour population in urban slums of Lucknow.Results: 250 children aged 6 months to 5 years were analysed. 34.4%were underweight, 58.8% stunted and 17.6%. Wasted 17.6% infants were exclusively breast fed till 6 months 42.0% fed colostrum. 20.0% children received proper complementary feeding. Education status of mother was significantly associated with the prevalence of underweight children. (p <0.05) Late initiation of breastfeeding in 13.2% infants was significantly associated with underweight (p value <0.05, OR (95% CI=1.58 (0.60-2.72) and stunting OR (95% CI=0.62 (0.29-1.29). 55.6% children were fully immunized and 16% unimmunized. Presence of Morbidities like ARI, diarrhea, worm expulsion, pallor and vitamin A deficiency was high.Conclusions: Burden of malnutrition and poor feeding practices, poor vaccination coverage makes children in this slum susceptible to illnesses. Prompt measures should be taken to address it.
Clinico-bacteriological profile of neonatal sepsis in rural tertiary care hospital
Authors: Reddy K. Venkataramana , Sailaja K. , Ashok A. , Poojitha K.
Published: May 2017

Background: Neonatal sepsis one of the most common cause for neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Group B Streptococci being the most common organism in developed countries, whereas CONS and Gram negative bacteria frequently encountered organisms in developing countries. It is advisable to have an individualised institutional protocol based on their own culture reports to reduce the antibiotic resistance.Methods:A prospective observational study was conducted from September 2016- February 2017, at the Department of Paediatrics, S.V.S. Medical College and Hospital, Mahabubnagar, Telangana, India. The study included 65 neonates admitted in our NICU. A questionnaire was filled by mothers after taking consent. Data was Collected data was analysed.Results: In present study, we found that CONS were the most commonly isolated organisms followed by Klebsiella.Conclusions:Neonatal sepsis creates a significant burden due to its impact on neonatal mortality and long-term morbidity. Following proper hand washing techniques with minimal handling in intensive care units will reduce neonatal sepsis from opportunistic infections.
Self-perceived health related quality of life in adolescents with repaired cleft lip and palate
Authors: Ravikumar Aparajit , Balan Rajesh , Venkatramanan Padmasani
Published: May 2017

Background: Cleft lip and palate is one of the most frequent birth defects and is associated co-morbidities such as facial abnormalities, difficulty in feeding, speech impairments and hearing difficulties. The psychological consequences of this anomaly are often not addressed effectively resulting in silent suffering for these individuals. The dissatisfaction with surgical outcome as well as the stigma and discrimination may affect the quality of life for both patients and their family. The study evaluates the self-perceived quality of life in children with repaired cleft lip/palate.Methods: Adolescents between the age of 11-18 years who were operated for cleft lip and palate in their early years were administered the WHO QOL-BREF questionnaire and their response were analysed in 4 domains, Physical health, Psychological, Social relationship and environmental.Results: Among the 46 children enrolled, 29 were boys and 17girls. The mean scores across each domain were as follows: Physical health-68.5, psychological-66, social relationship-88.5 and environmental-79.1.  The psychological stressors frequently encountered were: teasing by their peer group, unattractive physical appearance and dissatisfaction with facial features post-surgery.Conclusions: Among the 4 domains, the mean value of domain 3 (Social relationship) was the highest-88.5 and the mean value of domain 2 (Psychosocial) is the lowest-66. Continued psychological counselling and support during the turbulent adolescent years will help these children face the challenge of integrating with the society.
A cross-sectional study of cardiac anomalies among children with orofacial cleft - role of echocardiography
Authors: Priyadharshini R. , James Saji , Rathinasamy Jebaraj , R. Mahalakshmi , Gopalakrishnan Gautham , Kharlukhi Jacquilyne
Published: May 2017

Background: Orofacial cleft is one of the most common congenital facial abnormalities. Congenital heart disease (CHD) has been reported in up to 15% of the patients with orofacial clefts. Clinical cardiac examinations may sometime miss cardiac anomalies in children with orofacial clefts. The aim of our study is to find out CHD by echocardiography and to correlate this with clinical examination findings in children with orofacial clefts.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 510 patients with orofacial clefts aged 1 month to 18 years were enrolled. History and clinical examination were performed and data entered in a pre-validated proforma. The type of orofacial cleft and syndromic features was specifically noted. Echocardiography was performed for all patients by a paediatric cardiologist and the clinical cardiovascular findings were correlated with the echocardiogram.Results: The commonest deformity was cleft lip and palate (69%), followed by isolated cleft palate (20.4%), and isolated cleft lip (10.6%). In our study population, 87.5% were non-syndromic and 12.5% were syndromic; 21.9% had cardiac anomaly, of which in 7.8% no cardiac defect was detected during systemic cardiovascular examination but their echocardiogram showed cardiac abnormality. This was statistically significant (p<0.000). Atrial Septal Defect was the commonest anomaly in both the groups. Pierre Robin Syndrome was found to be the commonest syndrome.Conclusions: The high prevalence of CHD among children with orofacial clefts in this study justifies the need for screening echocardiography because many times cardiac anomalies might not be detected in routine systemic examination.
An exploratory study on knowledge and practice regarding family planning and immunization among women attending MCH clinic
Authors: Sharma Dibya , Kafle Ramchandra
Published: May 2017

Background: Globally, an estimated 300,000 maternal deaths occur annually owing to causes associated with pregnancy, of which nearly 75% were preventable. Each year, modern contraceptives help women prevent 215,000 pregnancy-related deaths (including 66,000 from unsafe abortions), 2.7 million infant deaths and the loss of 60 million years of healthy life. Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective health interventions available, saving millions of children from illness, disability and death each year. The burden of infectious diseases has been reduced primary due to immunization.

Methods: A cross-sectional study regarding knowledge and practice of family planning and immunization was conducted in a Maternal and Child health (MCH) clinic of Western Regional Hospital, Pokhara. The sample consists of 100 married women of reproductive age group (15-49) years having under five children coming to the clinic using purposive sampling technique.  

Results: Knowledge regarding family planning methods were oral contraceptive pills/depot/implant (84%) followed by intrauterine contraceptive device (77%), condom (65%), natural methods (80%), permanent method (92%). Condom was most commonly used among temporary methods. More than 4/5th of the respondents were aware about vaccines as per schedule of Nepal. But 5% of the respondents had neither given any vaccine to their baby and nor taken any dose of tetanus toxoid vaccine during their previous pregnancy.
Conclusions: Still 14% of the respondents were not aware about any methods of family planning and 19% does not know about the vaccines as per schedule of Nepal. So there is a need to increase awareness about the different types of family planning methods and immunization.
Incidental diagnosis of asymptomatic unilateral complete duplication of ureter during total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Yogini Duraisamy Kavitha , Parthasarathi Ramakrishnan , Palanivelu Chinnusamy , Devi Balasubramaniam , Kodeeswari Periyasamy
Published: May 2017

Duplication of ureter is one of the common renal abnormality frequently encountered by gynaecologist during surgeries. It occurs in approximately 1% of the population. We are reporting a case of asymptomatic unilateral (left) double ureter which was incidentally diagnosed during Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy as it is important to know the developmental anatomy of ureter and its anatomical variants. A gynaecologist should know about the clinical significance of it as well to avoid injury to ureter during hysterectomies which is the commonly performed gynaecological surgery worldwide.
A case of lipoma in lateral anterior neck: a common entity at an uncommon location
Authors: Rana Deepshikha , Raychaudhuri Sujata , Arora Sheetal
Published: May 2017

Lipoma is the most common benign mesenchymal tumor of adipose tissue. Their occurrence in head and neck is relatively rare. Lipomas in the neck region are rare tumors that usually present as slowly growing painless masses, found in the lateral portions of the neck. Here, we report a case of lipoma lying over the left lobe of thyroid above the sternal notch in a 41year old man. Swelling was gradually progressive in size since 2 years with no other complaints. Swelling was firm in consistency, mobile, non-tender and not moving with deglutition. It was clinically diagnosed as thyroid neoplasm/ cystic swelling and later on cytological and histopathological examination was performed which revealed benign lipoma. The purpose of this case report is to recognise rare lipomas that occur in unusual locations in the head and neck in order to identify them when they can cause diagnostic problems. 
Cross leg flaps: are they relevant in the present era?
Authors: K. Mahadevan , J. C. Charan , S. Sridevi
Published: May 2017

Background: Injuries of lower limb due to road traffic accidents are challenging to reconstruct due to paucity of tissues and damage to vasculature. Recurrent trophic ulcers are also difficult to reconstruct due to stigmata of previous surgeries. When local and regional flaps are not available, free flaps become the best option. The success of free flap depends on the presence of healthy recipient vessels and microsurgical expertise. In cases where the free flaps have failed or when there is no available soft tissue for local flaps, cross leg flaps are a method of resurfacing and salvaging the limb.

Methods: This Study was done from January 2013 to January 2016 in Rajiv Gandhi Government General Hospital, Chennai. 20 patients were included in the study and the flaps used were conventional cross leg and cross leg reverse superficial sural artery flap.

Results: All flaps survived. There was one case of wound dehiscence managed by re-insetting, two cases with marginal necrosis which were managed conservatively. One case of partial loss which was managed by STSG and one case of sinus formation due to tuberculosis managed with ATT. Remaining flaps had no complications.

Conclusions: Cross leg flaps are still relevant in the present era of microsurgery. They can be the primary choice of reconstruction or as a workhorse when free flaps have failed or other loco regional flaps are already exhausted. Immobilisation and two stage reconstruction are few disadvantages which when weighed against limb salvage are acceptable. 
Comparison of outcome of extra articular lower end radius fracture with percutaneous pinning and volar locking plate
Authors: Jagdev Saranjeet Singh , Kedia Rishabh , Pathak Subodh Kumar , Salunke Abhijeet
Published: May 2017

Background: As fractures of the distal radius are the most common fractures of the upper extremity with no clear guidelines for mode of intervention it was decided to compare two of the most common methods of treatment. The aim of this study was to review a group of patients sustaining extra articular lower end radius fracture treated with percutaneous wiring and volar plating and compare their functional outcome at a significant follow up time.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted at tertiary care center. A sample of 45 patients who had a displaced extra articular distal radius fracture and were subjected to treatment with either a plate (n =24) or k wiring (n =21). Outcome assessments were conducted at 6 months. Outcomes were measured on the basis of scores on the DASH questionnaire, wrist range of motion, and radiographic parameters.

Results: Patients in the plate group had significantly better DASH scores (p=0.0431) and range of motion at six months compared with patients in the k wiring group. Collapse in radial length was observed in 2 patients with percutaneous wiring which led to suboptimal range of motion and increased DASH scores. Significance arc of motion at 6months in dorsiflexion and palmar flexion were p=0.0038 and when compared with opposite limb were significant in all three planes p=0.0217, p=0.0126 and p=0.0029.

Conclusions: Based on our observation we found that treatment of dorsally displaced, unstable extra articular radius fractures across all age groups, volar-locked plates achieve a superior radiological and functional outcome with minimal complications.
A Interferência Norte-Americana Na Política Interna Brasileira: O Caso do jornal A Noite.
Authors: Magri Pedro Henrique Rodrigues
Published: May 2017

O presente artigo pretende construir novos argumentos que reforçam as teses amplamente difundas por Renè Dreifuss e Carlos Fico sobre a fundamental participação norte-americana na preparação do cenário político brasileiro nos anos que antecederam o golpe militar de 1964. Para tal tarefa, pretendo analisar algumas reportagens e colunas presentes no vespertino carioca A Noite, mostrando através desse jornal como a imprensa carioca, por meio do IBAD, manipulou a opinião pública brasileira em prol dos interesses norte-americanos.
Crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro Conilon fertirrigado com diferentes parcelamentos e doses de nitrogênio e potássio
Authors: Magiero Marcelo , Bonomo Robson , Partelli Fábio Luiz , De Souza Joabe Martins
Published: May 2017

O cultivo do café Conilon no Norte Capixaba tem sido feito predominantemente por meio de irrigação em razão das condições de distribuição irregular das chuvas. O manejo da irrigação e a adubação do cafeeiro estão diretamente ligados à produtividade e ao custo de produção, sendo que a fertirrigação surge como alternativa de aplicação de nutrientes via água de irrigação, aumentando a eficiência de aplicação. Assim, objetivou-se avaliar o crescimento vegetativo do cafeeiro Conilon irrigado com diferentes parcelamentos e doses de nitrogênio e potássio, aplicados via fertirrigação. O trabalho foi conduzido em lavoura comercial de café Conilon (Coffea canephora), localizada no município de São Mateus, ES, com 24 meses de idade. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente ao acaso, em parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. As parcelas corresponderam às doses de nitrogênio e potássio, sendo aplicado: 60%, 80%, 100%, 120%, 140% e 160% da dose recomendada. As subparcelas corresponderam ao parcelamento das adubações, sendo: 3, 9, 15 e 21 vezes, para o ano safra. O crescimento vegetativo de ramos ortotrópicos e plagiotrópicos foi avaliado a cada 90 dias. O aumento do parcelamento proporcionou maior crescimento para os ramos ortotrópico e plagiotrópicos III, sendo que as doses não influenciaram no crescimento desses ramos do cafeeiro. O ramo plagiotrópico II apresentou máximo crescimento vegetativo na dose de 60%, parcelado em nove vezes, e 115%, para parcelamento em quinze vezes.
Comparação de características produtivas entre progênies de meios irmãos de mangabeiras de populações do Amapá e da Paraíba
Authors: Yokomizo Gilberto Ken-Iti , Dos Santos Igor Correa , De Freitas Ary Camargo
Published: May 2017

As populações nativas de mangabeiras, que fornecem frutas para produção de sorvetes, sucos, doces em calda e consumo de fruto fresco in natura, vem sofrendo pressão antrópica, podendo ser extintas. Nesse sentido, pesquisas que possam obter informações morfogenéticas para ações de melhoramento genético e para impedir o processo de erosão genética são importantes. Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar as características produtivas de 36 progênies de meios irmãos de mangabeiras de populações do Amapá e oito da Paraíba. O delineamento estatístico utilizado foi um látice completo, com duas repetições e seis plantas por parcela. As características avaliadas foram: número estimado de frutos na planta (NF); média da massa de dez frutos (MF); média do diâmetro de dez frutos (DF); média do comprimento de dez frutos (CF). Pode-se concluir que as procedências do Amapá apresentaram maiores valores para MF, CF, DF, com presença de considerável variabilidade genética para CF e DF, indicando possibilidade de seleção e melhoramento para consumo de frutos frescos. As procedências da Paraíba, baseado no NF e demais características de frutos, são mais indicadas para melhoramento destinado à exploração artesanal/ industrial da polpa. As duas populações se mostraram distintas e, portanto, são úteis em um processo de intercruzamentos entre ambas, pela complementariedade genética existente, podendo gerar progênies com apreciável grau de divergência genética e maior desempenho relativo para as variáveis MF, CF, DF e NF.
Repetibilidade de características quantitativas de frutos em seleções elite de manga rosa
Authors: Cabral Maia Maria Clideana , De Oliveira Luís Cláudio , Lopes Vasconcelos Lúcio Flavo , Lima Neto Francisco Pinheiro , Yokomizo Gilberto Ken-Iti , De Araújo Lúcio Borges
Published: May 2017

A mangueira (Mangífera indica L.) é uma das principais fruteiras exóticas cultivadas no Brasil, sendo utilizada como um componente em vários arranjos dentro de sistemas produtivos, onde as cultivares geneticamente melhoradas são continuamente procuradas por parte dos produtores para a formação de plantios comerciais. Assim, objetivou-se com esta pesquisa descrever a estrutura de variâncias (estimação) e de médias (predição) na classificação e seleção progressiva de genótipos elites de manga rosa, empregando o procedimento REML/BLUP com enfoque em modelos mistos. Doze variáveis agrotecnológicas foram avaliadas em doze genótipos elites, em três safras: 2010-2011, 2011-2012 e 2012-2013, em delineamento experimental de blocos completamente casualizados, com seis repetições. As estimativas do coeficiente de repetibilidade foram medianos e altos para a maioria dos atributos chave do programa de melhoramento genético da mangueira: 0,83 para peso do fruto, 0,91 para sólidos solúveis totais (SST), 0,51 para firmeza, 0,93 para acidez total titulável (ATT), 0,92 para a relação SST/ATT, 0,767 peso da polpa e baixo (0,05) para porcentagem de polpa. Mostrando para essas variáveis alto controle genético na expressão das variáveis e grande estabilidade média na repetição do caráter em ciclos sucessivos, exceção feita para porcentagem de polpa. Quanto à porcentagem de polpa, os materiais mais promissores foram os seguintes, em ordem decrescente de médias futuras: CPAC 165 (73,05), CPAC 329 (73,03), Rosa 2 (73,00), Espada vermelha (72,98), Rosa 36 (72,97) e P5Rosa (72,96), superando a testemunha. Esse é um atributo desejável em manga tanto para o consumo in natura, quanto para a indústria.
Agentes de controle biológico (Arthropoda - Insecta) associados ao cultivo da pinha ( Annona squamosa L.)
Authors: Rossi Laise Malaspina , Picolo Vanessa , Bernarde Larissa , Duarte Rogério Teixeira
Published: May 2017

O conhecimento acerca dos agentes de controle biológico presentes naturalmente em áreas agrícolas apresenta grande importância na adoção de metodologias voltadas ao manejo integrado de pragas. Assim, objetivou-se com este trabalho realizar o levantamento da ocorrência populacional de agentes de controle biológico (Insecta) associado ao cultivo de Annona squamosa. A pesquisa foi realizada na safra agrícola 2015/2016 em pomar convencional de A. squamosa, localizado no município de Tabatinga, SP. A captura dos agentes de controle biológico foi realizada com armadilhas adesivas amarelas. Os seguintes índices faunísticos foram calculados: dominância, abundância, frequência e constância. As flutuações populacionais dos inimigos naturais amostrados foram analisadas em histograma. Os predadores coccinelídeos Scymnus sp. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) e Cycloneda sanguínea (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) foram os principais agentes de controle biológico amostrados durante o transcorrer da pesquisa, considerados como superdominantes, superabundantes, superfrequentes e constantes. Quanto a flutuação populacional dos inimigos naturais predominantes, foi observada elevada densidade populacional de Scymnus sp. entre setembro e janeiro de 2015, enquanto que, para C. sanguinea, observou-se, nos meses de setembro de 2015 e janeiro e julho de 2016, três picos populacionais durante o transcorrer da pesquisa. Os coccinelídeos Scymnus sp. e C. sanguínea foram os agentes de controle biológico predominantes no cultivo de A. squamosa, com maior densidade populacional do gênero Scymnus observada nas estações da primavera e verão, não sendo observado um padrão de distribuição para C. sanguinea.
O uso de Recursos Educacionais Digitais na Educação Básica (REDEB): relato de experiência
Authors: Couto Zuila Kelly
Published: May 2017

Apresenta os resultados obtidos a partir da aplicação do projeto REDEB que tem como objetivo principal a utilização de Recursos Educacionais Digitais (RED) no contexto da educação básica. Considerando-se o contexto de significativas mudanças nos processos de comunicação, aquisição e produção do conhecimento propiciadas pelos avanços tecnológicos da informática e das telecomunicações, entendemos que a escola pública acompanha esta tendência e começa a inserir, mesmo que de forma ainda tímida e insuficiente, as tecnologias digitais como ferramentas para a produção do conhecimento. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas atividades em três etapas: sendo a primeira delas o reconhecimento e inserção na comunidade escolar; seguida da realização de oficinas temáticas sobre os RED; e posterior divulgação dos resultados para a comunidade em meio físico e virtual. Ao concluir as atividades o público-alvo do projeto demonstrou excelente receptividade ao trabalho extensionista do Instituto.
Desenvolvendo tecnologia assistiva a partir de resíduos eletrônicos
Authors: Oliveira Luciana , Delfino Mateus
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho descreve a experiência vivenciada no Projeto de Extensão – Desenvolvimento de Tecnologia Assistiva a Partir do Lixo - que teve como objetivo principal transmitir o conhecimento de como manipular com softwares gratuitos e reciclagem de resíduos eletrônicos para construir soluções para pessoas com restrições motoras. Para isso, foram alisadas diversas tecnologias assistivas e se desenvolveu duas ferramentas de baixo custa: MCUM (Movimentar Cursor Usando o Movimento da Cabeça) e MCUT (Movimentar Cursor Usando o Toque com os Pés ou Rosto). Dessa forma, este trabalho apresentará a metodologia e resultados obtidos no período de 23/12/2015 até o dia 06/12/2016 para minimizar o uso de recursos naturais através do estudo de como aproveitar o lixo para construção de tecnologia assistiva e implementação de uma logística reversa.
Robótica educacional como metodologia de aprendizado
Authors: Barreto Neto Arlindo Garcia de Sá , Lira Valnyr
Published: May 2017

Este trabalho buscou associar a robótica como ferramenta educacional de aprendizado, na qual os jovens inseridos no grupo de trabalho adquiriam competências com as metas estabelecidas, formulando uma metodologia de aprendizagem baseada em projeto (ABP). Essa metodologia apresenta uma característica na qual é possível estudar e resolver problemas do cotidiano, de modo a motivar os alunos na aquisição de conhecimentos e  competências por meio de um processo  de investigação, partindo de questões simples até as mais complexas. Nesse contexto, os alunos desenvolveram seus projetos em robótica e ao mesmo tempo, foram agentes multiplicadores, pois visitaram  escolas públicas mostrando a importância da robótica no desenvolvimento e aprimoramento dos conhecimentos curriculares, contribuindo de forma positiva a desenvolver um ciclo virtuoso de interesse e conhecimento. Portanto, o uso da robótica contribui para quebrar um paradigma, rompendo com a forma rígida e arcaica da metodologia clássica de aprendizado, ou seja,  aspectos teóricos sem conexão com a realidade social e cultural dos atores envolvidos.
Xadrez escolar: potencializando conhecimentos e integrando a comunidade
Authors: Pessoa Amílcar Célio França , Albuquerque John Paul Caldas
Published: May 2017

O projeto em questão teve como objetivo promover a prática do Xadrez na Escola Municipal Carlos Alberto Medeiros Duarte Sobreira, em Princesa Isabel-PB, proporcionando aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental maior desenvolvimento em certas áreas do conhecimento, como a Matemática e o Raciocínio Lógico, além de integrar a comunidade princesense com o Campus do IFPB através de eventos (torneio de xadrez, jornada de educação, ciência e tecnologia). A duração do projeto foi de sete meses, onde os alunos tiveram, semanalmente, aulas de xadrez em um ambiente previamente preparado com tabuleiros, peças e mural magnético, na escola que frequentam. A cada semana, os alunos receberam material didático referente à aula dada, com atividades que estimulavam o raciocínio lógico, a paciência, a disciplina, a previsão de resultados e o cálculo matemático. Durante as aulas, também foram trabalhados valores como a ética e o respeito ao próximo.  
THE APPLICATION OF VECTOR FORMALISM IN LOGIC AND LOGICAL-MATHEMATICAL MODELING
Authors:   Irkutsk State Transport University, Arshinskiy L.
Published: May 2017

The article presents an overview of research related to the application of vector formalism in logical investigations. Three directions of research in this area are discussed. The first area has to deal with the complication of formalism of classical mathematical logic. It is based on the vectorization of the categories of Truth and Falsehood. This line of research is represented by a vector logic of E. Mizrahi and matrix logic of A. Stern. The second one is the vectorization of logical semantics. This approach is represented by the logic of K.I. Bakhtiyarov, neutrosophy logic of F. Smarandache and in the logics with vector semantics. The third area is devoted to vectorization syllogistics of Aristotle. Here vector representation is used for partial visualization and automation of building syllogisms. All three areas are of practical importance and can be used for the solution of applied problems, in particular, in computer science and artificial intelligence.