bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the dependence of the multi-linear model parameters on the user mobility pattern in O-RAN in the context of user groups classification
Authors: Gaysin A.K. , Korobkov A.A. , Safiullin I.A. , Ashaev I.P. , Nadeev A.F.
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of a study on the influence of user mobility patterns in the O-RAN (Open Radio Access Net-work) on the parameters of a multi-linear model. The considered multi-linear model is represented as three-dimensional tensors that describe the changes of received signal power or SINR (Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio). Factor matrices after the CP (Canonycal Polyadic) decomposition are exploited to separate users by their mobility using the DBSCAN (Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise) algorithm. A model and a set of scenarios are developed for simulating the O-RAN segments and to study the influence of the user mobility on the parameters of the multi-linear model. Simulation results indicate that the number of users in groups with different mobility patterns does not affect the parameters of the multi-linear model and the performance of the DBSCAN algorithm. For the considered scenarios, the best classification results are achieved when the order of the multi-linear model equal to three. Moreover, it is revealed that the topology of a network segment effects on the order of a multi-linear model.
Design features of a high-frequency EMI filter in the frequency range 9 kHz – 100 MHz
Authors: Dmitrikov V.F. , Vyalov A.A. , Nevolin A.K. , Petrochenko A.Yu. , Shushpanov D.V.
Published: October 2024

At the present stage of development of energy-efficient technologies – pulsed devices and systems for amplifying information signals and converting electrical energy, the problem of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of information and computing technology and radio-electronic equipment (REE) is becoming more and more acute. One of the most pressing EMC problems is caused by the presence of conducted electromagnetic interference (EMI) traveling along wires. This problem is eliminated by using EMI filters, which localize EMI at the place of its occurrence. Further development of functional REE (sensitivity, expansion of the frequency range by tens of thousands of times) requires the development of design theory, new design principles to meet new requirements for the EMI filters. The article discusses the development of EMI filter with overlapping frequency range 9 kHz – 100 MHz (eleven thousand times) with EMI attenuation of 50–60 dB on a domestic electronic component. Achieving this goal required new principles for designing EMI filter: development of new principles for the synthesis of structural-parametric electrical equivalent circuits of inductors and capacitors in EMI filter; study of the stability of the "filter-converter" system, caused by the negative real component of the complex input impedance of a pulsed voltage converter with negative feedback. A methodology for designing a broadband PDF with an overlap of the protected frequency range from EMI by eleven thousand times (9 kHz – 100 MHz) has been developed. The developed EMI filter with a frequency range of 9 kHz – 100 MHz is used in new radio navigation systems. The proposed methodology for designing EMI filters and methods for creating behavioral models of capacitors and inductors will be expanded to other groups of capacitors and inductors.
Modification of the collective dynamic routing method in heterogeneous networks
Authors: Spirina E.A. , Kozlov S.V. , Ismagilov E.A.
Published: October 2024

In the heterogeneous networks, a complex signal-interference environment is formed, characterized by a intra-system interference high level, which significantly reduces the heterogeneous networks throughput. One of the ways to increase such networks throughput by effectively reducing the intra-system interference influence is to use the integrated optimization method of these networks. However, its application is hampered by the complexity of implementing the collective dynamic routing method that underlies it. Therefore, modification of the collective dynamic routing method in relation to large heterogeneous networks is relevant. As a result of the application analysis of the collective dynamic routing method for optimizing the data flows distribution in heterogeneous networks, it is shown that the main limitation of this method applicability is the computational complexity of finding the optimal data transmission route. For this value the corresponding expressions are obtained. A modification of the collective dynamic routing method has been developed, in which the influence of intra-system interference is taken into account at the subnet segment level, and data distribution between subnets is carried out at the zone level. Using the obtained expressions, it is shown that the computational complexity of implementing the collective dynamic routing method in this case depends only on the number of users in the zone, which ensures the scalability of such a solution. Therefore, the use of the developed modification of the collective dynamic routing method will make it possible to use it to increase the throughput of large heterogeneous networks.
Towards Better Understanding of Ancient Civilizations by Storytelling and Gaming
Authors: Dimova Maria , Paneva-Marinova Desislava , Pavlova Lilia
Published: October 2024

The new strategies for teaching and learning point to the investigation and the deployment of workable learning methods and scenarios for better understanding of the learning content and engagement learners in more active participation during the perception of knowledge. This paper presents a new learning approach for studying the ancient history and civilization and the Thracian civilization in particular, by storytelling and serious game combination.
The Effect of Murabahah, Mudharabah and Musharakah Financing on Profitability in Sharia Commercial Banks
Authors: Nora Lubis  , Hilmi Hilmi , Yusri Hazmi
Published: October 2024

Financing is an important activity for Islamic banks. Islamic banks, which have a function as an intermediary institution, are obliged to carry out operational activities effectively and efficiently in order to generate maximum profits. This study aims to determine the influence of Murabahah, Mudharabah, and Musharakah Financing on profitability in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia. The analysis method used is the panel data regression method with the selected model being the Fixed Effect Model. The population in this study is all Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia registered with the FSA for the 2019-2021 period as many as 14 Islamic banks. The determination of the number of samples was carried out using the Purposive Sampling technique and was determined as many as 9 samples of Islamic banks. The results of the t-test show that partially Murabahah Financing and Musharakah Financing do not have a significant effect on profitability, while Mudharabah Financing has a negative and significant effect on profitability. The results of Test F show that simultaneously Murabahah, Mudharabah, and Musharakah Financing has a significant effect on profitability in Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia registered with the Financial Services Authority for the 2019-2021 period.
Stimulus of Time-Management Supervisory Skill on Completion of Research Process for Postgraduate Students In Northern Zone Universities, Tanzania
Authors: Kaponga Evastela , Lyamtane Eugene , Ogoti Evans
Published: October 2024

This study examined the extent to which time management skills employed by research supervisors enhance the completion of postgraduate students’ research process in universities, of the Northern Zone, Tanzania. Anchored in Face-to-Face Interactive Dissertation Supervision Theory proposed by Wang and Li in 2011, the study employed a convergent design under the mixed-methods research approach. The target population of 1454 including 6 Directors of postgraduate studies, 14 heads of departments, 175 supervisors, 390 PhD continuing students, 635 masters continuing students, 84 PhD alumni, and 150 masters alumni, to make a total of 214 respondents sampled through probability and non-probability techniques. Questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis guides used to collect data were validated by three research experts from the Faculty of Education at MWECAU. The Cronbach Alpha method and peer debriefing were employed to determine the reliability of questionnaires and interview guides respectively. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed, while qualitative data were thematically summarized and presented in direct quotations. It was found that time management skills are deployed to a moderate extent by supervisors to stir up postgraduate students' research process. The study revealed further that students’ delays are often due to supervisors' feedback taking longer than expected, low levels of supervisor-student cooperation, and supervisors not being reachable and not present during consultation hours. The study concluded that supervisors differ in their approaches to time management practices in stimulating and accelerating postgraduate students' research process across universities. The study recommended that universities should regularly provide supervisors and postgraduate students with time management training so that the research process can be completed on schedule.
Effect of Eighteen Years of Continuous Crop Residue Application on Crop Yields, Soil P Fractions, and Crop P Uptake in Conservation Tillage Under Semi-Arid Tropical Rainfed Conditions
Authors: Indoria AK
Published: October 2024

The continuous use of crop residue in soil can enhance the crop yield and potential availability and mobility of P fractions to crops in conservation tillage. A field experiment was conducted to assess the long-term effects of surface crop residue applications on soil P fractions and their relationship with P uptake and crop yields. Field experiment was conducted at ICAR-Central Research Institute for Dryland Agriculture, Hyderabad, India during 2005 to 2022. The experimental treatments applied were: T1 - no crop residue application, T2 - application of crop residue @ 2 t ha-1, T3 - application of crop residue @ 4 t ha-1, and T4 - application of crop residue @ 6 t ha-1 in conservation tillage. The test crops viz. sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) were grown in a yearly rotation every year in the kharif season in conservation tillage. The results of the long-term study revealed that the per cent increase in sorghum (Sorghum vulgare) grain yield with the application of crop residue at the rate of 2, 4 and 6 t crop residue ha-1was to the tune of 7.9, 16.1 and 26.0%, respectively over no crop residue application. Similarly, the per cent increase in the cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) seed yield was to the extent of 25.2, 43.0 and 64.1% in 2, 4 and 6 t ha-1, respectively over no crop residue application. The sorghum and cowpea stover yield also significantly (p=0.05%) increased with the added levels of the crop residue. Significantly higher P uptake by sorghum and cowpea was recorded in 6 t crop residue ha-1 as compared to the other crop residue treatments. Results of the current study also showed the significant positive response of long-term crop residue application on the P fractions viz., water-soluble phosphorus (WS-P), aluminum bound P (Al-P), iron bound P (Fe-P), calcium bound P (Ca-P) and reductant soluble P (RS-P), and on available P and total P in soil as compared to no crop residue application. The average percent contribution of P fractions toward the sum-total of extracted P was in the order: Fe-P (30.8%)>RS-P (30.7%)>Al-P (24.2%)>Ca-P (9.4%)>WS-P (4.8%). The WS-P and Al-P were found to be the P fractions indicating their specificity by cowpea crop, and WS-P and Ca-P were found to be P fractions indicating their specificity by sorghum crop. The results of the present study will be highly useful in understanding the effect of crop residue application in conservation tillage on the P fractions and their contribution toward P uptake and crop yields.
The Effect of Scramble Model on Student Activeness of Class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Pademawu
Authors: Risdiana Faraniena Yunaeni , Azizah Putri Aulia
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by the fact that student activity is quite crucial in the learning process which ultimately has an impact on increasing their learning activity. So, in order to increase students' active learning, social studies teachers can use models that are interesting and appropriate to students' needs. The aim of this research is to find out whether the scramble model has an effect on student activity. There are 2 problem formulations that are studied in this research, 1) What is the influence of the scramble learning model on student activity in class VIII social studies at SMP Negeri 1 Pademawu 2) What are the supporting and inhibiting factors for using the scramble model on student activity in social studies subjects class VIII at SMP Negeri 1 Pademawu. This research uses quantitative descriptive research methods with simple linear regression data analysis techniques used in this research is simple linear regression. The research results show that the scramble learning model can increase student activity in teaching and learning activities. This is shown by the results of a simple linear regression analysis test with a sig value smaller than the alpha value, namely 0.00 < 0.05, which means the scramble model has a positive and significant effect on student activity. influenced by the results of the coefficient of determination test which produced an influence value of 56% on student activity at SMP Negeri 1 Pademawu, while the rest was influenced by 44%. Next, it can be seen that the results of the calculated t are greater than the t table, namely 9.582 > 1.993, meaning that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. So this shows that the scramble.
Effects of position in the global value chain on Wages
Authors:   KOREA DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS ASSOCIATION, Jeong Jun Ho , Cheon Byung You
Published: October 2024

This study analyses the impact of Korean manufacturing's position in the global value chain on wages, i.e., estimates the impact of the relative position of Korean manufacturing on the smile curve, which represents the relationship between production stage and value added in the global value chain. The main findings of the analysis are as follows. First, we find that wages are higher at the top and bottom of the value chain in Korean manufacturing. Second, we estimate an interaction between occupational category and the smile curve and find that the wage effect of the smile curve is pronounced for production workers, but not for white collar workers. For production workers, wages are relatively higher at the top and bottom of the value chain, meaning that even within the same production occupation, there are differences in wages depending on the position in the manufacturing value chain. This suggests that productivity and wages need to improve in the middle of the value chain to mitigate the wage polarisation within the same occupation in manufacturing.
Russian Book Publishing in the New Geopolitical Realities
Authors: Voropayev A. N.
Published: October 2024

The article examines the impact of the new geopolitical and economic realities, in which Russia exists after 2020–2022, on the country’s publishing system. The comparative dynamics of book publishing indicators for the market as a whole and for its main segments in recent years is provided. The ratio of new editions and reprints, as well as books by domestic authors and translated literature is analyzed. The imbalance in the repertoire policy of Russian publishing houses in favor of foreign literary products is shown, and ways to overcome it are proposed.
Participation of the Central Regional Scientific Library in the Educational Process of Universities
Authors: Sharpilova G. A.
Published: October 2024

The emergence of new information channels and methods of distributing scientific publications, active development of digital technologies are changing the tasks and forms of work of scientific libraries, which form documentary and information resources and have extensive experience in meeting the information needs of representatives of the scientific and educational complex. The directions of scientific libraries’ activities are complemented by purposeful training of users in the basics of information culture.

In scientific libraries – libraries of universities and central scientific libraries of the subjects of the Russian Federation – much attention is paid to servicing students. The change in the educational model, strengthening of the self-educational component in the educational process of the university, the increasing importance of the information culture of the individual change the status of scientific libraries: from an element of the information infrastructure, the library turns into a subject of educational activity, interacting with faculties and departments on the principles of partnership.

The purpose of this article is to present the results of the survey of the information behavior of students in Chelyabinsk, who use in their work, along with information resources of university libraries, document and information resources of the Chelyabinsk State Universal Scientific Library and to determine areas of cooperation between the Central Regional Scientific Library and higher educational institutions.
Preservation of the Documentary Heritage for the Socio-Economic Development of the Region: the Experience of the Central Library of RF Constituent Entity and the University of Culture
Authors: Taranenko L. G.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the documentary heritage, its role in the socio-economic development of the region. The author highlighted the basic requirements of regulations in preserving the documentary heritage in the region. The purpose of the article is to show the library and university capabilities in implementing tasks to preserve and promote cultural heritage for the further development of the territory on the basis of the results of the conducted research.

Using the example of the Kemerovo region (Kuzbass), the main parameters of the documentary heritage usage for socio-economic development of the region are determined: ensuring preservation of the documentary heritage; providing access to information; information support for all aspects of regional development; creating digital content of memory institutions (libraries, museums, archives); promoting the documentary heritage; putting into scientific circulation new components of the documentary heritage; research activities; integration of memory institutions for to preserve cultural heritage. The article presents the description of the digital documentary heritage of Kuzbass in the central library (V. D. Fedorov State Scientific Library of Kuzbass). The main types of work of the Kemerovo State Institute of Culture (KemSIC) in preserving and promoting the cultural heritage of Kuzbass are outlined.

The article also considers the integration of the activities of the central library with the culture university as one of the key factors in increasing the efficiency of work in this direction. It is emphasized that cooperation between libraries and other institutions and organizations, including authorities and local self-government allows to work out and implement joint projects aimed at developing the region and increasing its level of sustainability. It is noted that the central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and the Universities of Culture are key participants in the preservation and development of the cultural heritage of the region.

The main conclusion of the study: close integration of the library and the university makes it possible to solve complex problems of preserving and promoting the documentary heritage of the region.
Lignin: An Adaptable Molecule
Authors: Creteanu Andreea , Lungu Claudiu N. , Lungu Mirela
Published: October 2024

Lignin is a complex organic polymer. It has a crucial role in providing structural support, rigidity, and defense against disintegration. Following cellulose, it ranks as the second most abundant natural polymer discovered on Earth. Lignin is composed of several phenolic compounds that form a complex, three-dimensional framework. Lignin, unlike cellulose, is a non-carbohydrate polymer rather than a polysaccharide. Lignin's characteristics pose both difficulties and prospects in several sectors, spanning from agriculture to renewable energy. The investigation of the composition of Lignin and its manipulation through engineering are closely intertwined. Disruptions of genes implicated in the lignin biosynthesis pathway can result in substantial alterations in the composition and architecture of Lignin. These modifications can offer novel approaches for altering Lignin and deliberately engineering the polymer to enhance its worth or simplify its extraction from cell wall polysaccharides. As a result, the definition of Lignin is constantly expanding and being adjusted to accommodate its diversity and adaptability. This review examines explicitly the versatility of the lignin molecule.
Post-Operative Tearing of Zygomatic Implant
Authors: Lima Valthierre Nunes de , Almeida Giovanni de , Oliveira Luana Ferreira , Magro-Filho Osvaldo
Published: October 2024

Background and Objectives: Total rehabilitation of atrophic maxillae with zygomatic implants (ZI) has become a more common practice nowadays. However, the need for training and expertise of surgeons to correctly perform the technique in order to minimize possible complications has been described. The objective of this article is to describe an atypical case of tearing for 24 hours after the installation of a zygomatic implant. Materials and Methods: A 58-year-old male patient, with dark skin, without systemic alterations, who during the installation of one of the ZIs suffered a greenstick fracture of the zygomatic body, thus, a second, deeper milling was performed in the zygomatic body. Results: After the uneventful surgical procedure, the molding was performed, and the patient complained of excessive tearing in his right eye with regression 24 hours after surgery. The implant-supported prosthesis was installed one week after surgery and the patient continues to rehabilitate without functional or aesthetic complaints.Conclusions:Therefore, since the literature on the subject of postoperative complications of ZIs is still scarce, we believe that since the milling and installation of IZs are always close to the foramen of the zygomaticofacial nerve, this type of complication may become more frequent due to the increase in indications for rehabilitation using ZIs.
A Machine Learning Classification Model for Gastrointestinal Health in Cancer Survivors:
Roles of Telomere Length and Social Determinants of Health
Authors: Han Claire J , Ning Xia , Burd Christin E , Tounkara Fode , Kalady Matthew F , Noonan Anne M , Von Ah Diane
Published: October 2024

Background. Gastrointestinal (GI) distress is prevalent and often persistent among cancer survivors, impacting their quality of life, nutrition, daily function, and mortality. GI health screening is important to prevent and manage this distress. However, accurate classification methods for GI health remain unexplored. We aimed to develop machine learning (ML) models to classify GI health status (better vs. worse) by incorporating biological aging and social determinants of health (SDOH) indicators in cancer survivors. Methods. We included 645 adult cancer survivors from the 1999-2002 NHANES survey. Using training and test datasets, we employed six ML models to classify GI health conditions (better vs. worse). These models incorporated leukocyte telomere length (TL), SDOH, and demographic/clinical data. Results. Among the ML models, the random forest (RF) performed the best, achieving a high area under the curve (AUC = 0.98) in the training dataset. The gradient boosting machine (GBM) demonstrated excellent classification performance with a high AUC (0.80) in the test dataset. TL, several socio-economic factors, cancer risk behaviors (including lifestyle choices), and inflammatory markers were associated with GI health. The most significant input features for better GI health in our ML models were longer TL and an annual household income above the poverty level, followed by routine physical activity, low white blood cell counts, and food security. Conclusions. Our findings provide valuable insights into classifying and identifying risk factors related to GI health, including biological aging and SDOH indicators. To enhance model predictability, further longitudinal studies and external clinical validations are necessary.
Using a First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Approach to Test the Total Attraction Forces with an Application to Hydrogen Storage on the 2D Material MoP2 at Different Temperatures
Authors: Viquez Alma Lorena Marcos , Torres Osiris Salas , Solís Luis Fernando Magaña
Published: October 2024

We perform first-principles Molecular Dynamics calculations to test the total attraction forces on a physisorbed molecule at a given temperature and ambient pressure and apply it to the hydrogen storage on the 2D material MoP2. We considered the pristine material and one with 12.5% of Mo vacancies. By optimization, we calculated a gravimetric capacity for pristine MoP2 of 5.72%, with an adsorption energy of ‒ 0.13 eV/molecule. We found 6.02% and ‒ 0.14 eV/molecule for the second case. Next, we apply our approach to know if the molecular hydrogen physisorption obtained by simple energy optimization exists for a given temperature and ambient pressure. We used this approach to determine the number of molecules adsorbed on the surface at a given temperature. Thus, we conducted a first-principles molecular dynamics (FPMD) calculation at temperature T1, using optimization as the initial system configuration. Subsequently, we performed a second FPMD calculation at a temperature T2 (with T2 ‹‹ T1), using the stable configuration of the first FPMD calculation as the initial configuration. We identified as adsorbed molecules at temperature T1, only those forced back toward the surface at temperature T2 due to kinetic energy loss at the lower temperature T2. The defective surface gave the best gravimetric capacity, ranging from 5.27% at 300 K to 6.02% at 77 K. The latter met the requirement from the US-DOE, indicating the potential practical application of our research in hydrogen storage.
The GFI1 Gene Family: Evolution, Structure, and Its Role in Immune Responses
Authors: Mickael Michel-Edwar , Łazarczyk Marzena , Kubick Norwin , Atanasov Atanas G. , Ławiński Michał , Paszkiewicz Justyna , Horbańczuk Jarosław Olav , Religa Piotr , Sacharczuk Mariusz
Published: October 2024

The immune system’s evolution is crucial for its role in fighting pathogens and involvement in autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. The GFI1 gene family controls the function of immune cells, including neutrophils in the innate immune system and CD4+ T cells in the adaptive immune system. GFI1 consists of two members, GFI1A and GFI1B. GFI1A is vital for myeloid and lymphoid differentiation, while GFI1B is crucial for generating red blood cells and platelets. Both genes share a repressor SNAG protein and C2H2 zinc finger domains, though the peptide sequences between these domains remain uncharacterized. Using a comprehensive phylogenetic approach, we traced the evolutionary history of the GFI1 gene family, revealing its early presence in invertebrates. Two rounds of genome duplication led to GFI1A and GFI1B. Despite positive selection, the family retained structural conservation. We identified new motifs in the less-characterized middle regions, such as the SPOP-binding motif in GFI1A, potentially regulating cytokine production, and the FEDFW motif, possibly involved in neutrophil recruitment. These motifs are unique to GFI1A in higher vertebrates. In GFI1B, we discovered a unique EPLRP motif, a Separase cleavage site linked to sister chromatid separation. Our results indicate that GFI1 has evolved new functions to adapt to the complexity of the vertebrate immune system. This highlights the evolutionary significance of GFI1 in immune responses and suggests potential therapeutic applications, especially in diseases related to immune function.
Polyphenolic Compounds in the Stems of Raspberry (Rubus idaeus) Growing Wild and Cultivated
Authors: Raal Ain , Vahtra Anni , Koshovyi Oleh , Ilina Tetiana , Kovalyova Alla , Püssa Tõnu
Published: October 2024

The stems of Rubus idaeus L., a by-product of the fruit-food industry, are known sources of bioactive compounds. The main objective of this study was to investigate the composition of the polyphenolic compounds in R. idaeus stems. 7 cultivated raspberry varieties, 13 garden samples, including five well-known raspberry varieties and 13 wild raspberry samples from different locations in Estonia were analyzed. The HPLC-MS method detected 62 substances, of which 42 were identified, 12 were tentatively identified, and 8 compounds remained unknown. Protocatechuic acid pentoside was dominant in most varieties and in all garden and wild raspberry samples. Dihydroxybenzoic acid hexoside 1, p-coumaroyl quinic acid 1, quercetin 4’-glucuronide and p-coumaric acid glycoside were found in significant quantities. Correlations between the contents of individual compounds have been established. When studying the dynamics of polyphenolic compounds accumulation on the example of the GR1 sample during the year, it was found that the largest amount of them in raspberry stems accumulates in April, slightly less in January and October. Investigating the dependence of the accumulation of polyphenols on the parts of the stem, it was found that the upper parts have the highest phenolics content. Therefore, it is recommended to harvest approximately the upper third of the stem.
Contributions of Medical Greenhouse Gases to Climate Change and Their Possible Alternatives
Authors: Wang Joyce , DasSarma Shiladitya
Published: October 2024

Considerable attention has recently been given to the contribution of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of the healthcare sector to climate change, which represents 4-6% of emissions worldwide. GHGs used in medical practice are regularly released into the atmosphere and contribute to elevation in global temperatures that produce detrimental effects on the environment and human health. Consequently, a comprehensive assessment of their global warming potential (GWP) characteristics and clinical uses, many of which have evaded scrutiny from policy makers due to their medical necessity, is needed. Of major interest are volatile anesthetics, analgesics, and inhalers, as well as fluorinated gases used as tamponades in retinal detachment surgery. In this review, we compare estimates of these gases’ GHG emissions in metric tons CO2 equivalent (MTCO2e) and their relative GWP. Notably, the anesthetics desflurane and nitrous oxide contribute the most emissions out of the major medical GHGs, equivalent to driving 12 million gasoline-powered cars annually in the US. Retinal tamponade gases have markedly high GWP up to 23,500 times compared to CO2 and long atmospheric lifetimes up to 10,000 years, thus bearing the potential to contribute to climate change long-term. This review provides the basis for discussions on examining the environmental impacts of medical gases with high GWP, determining whether alternatives may be available, and reducing emissions while maintaining or even improving patient care.
Dmany Nexus Protocol: A Decentralized Reputation Protocol for Scalable Web3 Economies Through Dynamic Trust Quantification and Zero-Knowledge Mechanisms
Authors: Stolberg Stanislav
Published: October 2024

The advent of Web3 technologies promises a paradigm shift toward decentralized and autonomous economic interactions enabled by blockchain and smart contracts. However, the lack of robust trust and reputation mechanisms hinders its evolution into a fully functional economic system. This paper introduces the Dmany Nexus Protocol, a decentralized reputation system that quantifies user trustworthiness through verified on-chain and off-chain actions. By integrating principles from information economics, game theory, and mechanism design, the protocol addresses issues of information asymmetry, moral hazard, and adverse selection inherent in decentralized networks. Leveraging the Dmany Quest Engine for decentralized task management and employing zero-knowledge proofs for privacy preservation, Dmany Nexus establishes a foundation for trust and cooperation in the Web3 ecosystem. The protocol enhances economic efficiency, mitigates security risks like Sybil attacks, and fosters mass adoption by enabling secure, privacy-preserving interactions among pseudonymous actors.
Microstructure Refinement of Bulk Inconel 718 Parts during Fabrication with EB-PBF Using Scanning Strategies: Transition from Bidirectional-Raster to Stochastic Point-Based Melting
Authors: Nabil Shadman Tahsin , Banuelos Cristian , Madigan Michael Edward , Tin Sammy , Rodriguez Jacob I , Murr Lawrence E , Wicker Ryan B , Medina Francisco
Published: October 2024

Inconel 718 is a widely popular aerospace superalloy known for its high-temperature performance and resistance to oxidation, creep, and corrosion. Traditional manufacturing methods, like casting and powder metallurgy, face challenges with intricate shapes that can result in porosity and uniformity issues. On the other hand, Additive Manufacturing (AM) techniques such as Powder Bed Fusion (PBF) and Direct Energy Deposition (DED) can allow the creation of intricate single-part components to reduce weight and maintain structural integrity. However, AM- parts often exhibit directional solidification, leading to anisotropic properties and potential crack propagation sites. To address this, post-processing treatments like HIP and heat treatment are necessary. This study explores the effects of the raster and stochastic spot melt scanning strategies on the microstructural and mechanical properties of IN718 parts fabricated using Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion (EB-PBF). The research demonstrates that raster scanning produces columnar grains with higher aspect ratios. In contrast, stochastic spot melt scanning promotes the formation of equiaxed grains, enhancing microstructural refinement and reducing anisotropy. Microhardness values also show variation in strength in build direction, denoting changes in mechanical performance due to scanning strategies. These findings emphasize the critical role of scanning strategies in optimizing the EB-PBF process for improved material properties.
BOANN: Bayesian-Optimized Attentive Neural Network for Classification
Authors: He Luoyao , Wang Xingqi , Lin Yuzhen , Li Xinjin , Ma Yu , Li Zhenglin
Published: October 2024

This study presents the Bayesian-Optimized Attentive Neural Network (BOANN), a novel approach enhancing image classification performance by integrating Bayesian optimization with channel and spatial attention mechanisms. Traditional image classification struggles with the extensive data in today's big data era. Bayesian optimization has been integrated into neural networks in recent years to enhance model generalization, while channel and spatial attention mechanisms improve feature extraction capabilities. This paper introduces a model combining Bayesian optimization with these attention mechanisms to boost image classification performance. Bayesian optimization optimizes hyperparameter selection, accelerating model convergence and accuracy; the attention mechanisms augment feature extraction. Compared to traditional deep learning models, our model utilizes attention mechanisms for initial feature extraction, followed by a Bayesian-optimized neural network. On the CIFAR-100 dataset, our model outperforms classical models in metrics such as accuracy, loss, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving an accuracy of 77.6%. These technologies have potential for broader application in image classification and other computer vision domains.
Novel Extracellular Exosome Promoting Tumor Aggressiveness and Metastasis in Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Ho Chih-Ming , Yen Ting-Lin , Chang Tzu-Hao , Huang Shih-Hung
Published: October 2024

Cancer-derived extracellular exosomes (EXs) promote tumor metastasis. This study investigates novel EXs influencing tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in gynecologic cancer. Data from ES2-derived EXs on aggressive ES2 cells and ascites-derived mesenchymal-type ovarian carcinoma stromal progenitor cells (MSC-OCSPCs) were analyzed using LC-MS/MS and integrated with TCGA survival analysis. Two novel EXs, UBE2NL and HIST2H3PS2, were identified in more aggressive ES2-derivatives and MSC-OCSPCs cells, but not in less aggressive SKOV3 cells. High UBE2NL and HIST2H3PS2 expression in EOC tissues was associated with advanced-stage carcinoma (p<0.01) and shorter overall survival (p<0.01). Besides, high HIST2H3PS2 expression in endometrial cancer (EC) tissues was also associated with shorter overall survival (p<0.001) in all stages and advanced stages (p<0.0001). In vitro, SKOV3 cells overexpressing UBE2NL or HIST2H3PS2 exhibited significantly greater invasion ability than controls (p<0.001), further enhanced by their respective EXs (p<0.001). In contrast, ES2 knockdown UBE2NL reduced invasion ability than ES2 cells (p<0.001). In vivo, mice injected with ES2/shUBE2NL cells had a higher survival rate (p<0.001) and fewer disseminated tumors (p<0.05); in contrast, those injected with SKOV3/HIST2H3PS2 cells showed greater tumor dissemination (p<0.01) and more severe ascites (p<0.05) than controls. Tumor dissemination increased in mice receiving SKOV3/HIST2H3PS2 cells with EXs than those controls (p<0.05). These findings suggest that UBE2NL and HIST2H3PS2 expression and EXs contribute to tumor aggressiveness and metastasis in gynecologic cancer.
Impact of Different Foot and Mouth Disease Vaccine Schemes in the Cross-Neutralization against Heterologous Serotype O Strains in Cattle
Authors: Miraglia María Cruz , Barrios-Benito Melanie , Galdo-Novo Sabrina , Bucafusco Danilo , Taffarel Ana , Capozzo Alejandra Victoria , Borca Manuel Victor , Pérez-Filgueira Daniel Mariano
Published: October 2024

The high antigenic variability of the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) represents a challenge for developing prophylactic strategies, stressing the need of research into vaccines offering broad protection against a range of virus strains. Here, the heterotypic cross-reaction using different vaccine schemes against serotype O strains was studied, evaluating the impact of revaccination, antigen dose, and incorporation of additional FMDV serotypes. Naïve cattle were immunized with seven distinct FMDV vaccines, receiving three doses of the same formulation at 0, 28 and 56 days post-primary vaccination (dpv). Serum samples were collected up to 70 dpv and tested by a virus-neutralizing test against serotype O strains from South American and two strains representative two Asian lineages. Our results showed that vaccines containing the ME-SA topotype O1/Campos strain developed cross-neutralizing responses against the two Asian viruses after the first vaccination. In contrast, significant heterotypic neutralizing antibody titers against the homologous topotype strain were only found after the second immunization, indicating that the phylogenic relationship may differ from the antigenic profiles for these two viruses. The amount of the O1/Campos strain and the revaccination were essential factors for neutralization against the homologous and heterologous type O FMDV viruses. The strain composition of the vaccine was only relevant for cross-neutralization against one of the Asian strains, suggesting potential intra-serotypic divergences for this pattern.
Evaluation of the Presence, Frequency, and Distribution Range of Vegetal Invasive Alien Species in an Urban Area of Southern Spain
Authors: García-Mozo Herminia
Published: October 2024

Invasive species represent an important agent of change and threat to native biological diversity due to their high ability to enter and establish themselves in natural or semi-natural ecosystems. Urban and peri-urban areas are an easy entrance door for invasive vegetal species firstly used as ornamental that can become naturalized. In this study, it was analysed the presence, frequency and distribution of invasive alien plant species in the urban, peri-urban and natural area surrounding the city of Córdoba, Southern Spain. Our research reveals the presence of 17 invasive plant species from 10 different families. It supposes the 35% of the invasive plant species detected in the Andalusia region, and 27% of Spain. The highest number was located in ruderal areas, following by abandoned crop fields, being phanerophytes the most abundant life-form. Regarding the native source area, the highest percentage come from the America continent. Data indicates that the use of non-native species as ornamental can enhance invader establishment, spread, and ecological impact, which can facilitate subsequent alien species success aided by global change conditions. Additionally, our results are a strong knowledge base for effective management strategies in the area and will help to addressing data gaps related to the distribution of alien species on a regional scale in the Mediterranean area.
Customized Skincare Solutions for HIV-Positive People: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Stuart Jemall
Published: October 2024

This study aims to comprehensively understand the provision of skincare solutions for individuals living with HIV, focusing on the efficacy of existing treatments, challenges in accessing dermatological care, and the preferences of individuals living with HIV for personalized skincare solutions. The study triangulated data from structured surveys and in-depth interviews with a purposive sample of individuals living with HIV, healthcare professionals, and experts in public health and social work, using a mixed-methods approach. The structured surveys provided specific data points, while the in-depth interviews and participant observations yielded rich, contextual insights. The results revealed a need for more personalized skincare solutions for individuals living with HIV, challenges in accessing dermatological care, and concerns regarding the efficacy of existing treatments. The integrated analysis of quantitative and qualitative data provided a nuanced understanding of the factors influencing skincare solutions for this population. Conclusions drawn from the study emphasize the importance of tailored skincare interventions, improved access to dermatological care, and the need for collaborative efforts between healthcare providers and individuals living with HIV. Future research directions include longitudinal studies to assess the long-term effectiveness of personalized skincare solutions and the exploration of innovative interventions integrating dermatological care and social support for individuals living with HIV.
Beyond Wolfram Syndrome 1: The WFS1 Gene’s Role in Alzheimer’s Disease and Psychiatric Sleep Disorders
Authors: Caruso Valerio , Rigoli Luciana
Published: October 2024

The WFS1 gene was first identified in Wolfram Syndrome 1 (WS1), a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder characterized by severe and progressive neurodegenerative changes. WFS1's role in various cellular mechanisms, particularly in calcium homeostasis and the modulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, suggests its potential involvement in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and psychiatric sleep disorders. Because it is involved in maintaining ER balance, calcium signaling, and stress responses, WFS1 plays a multifaceted role in neuronal health. Numerous studies have shown that the absence or improper expression of WFS1 disrupts these cellular processes, leading to neurodegeneration and making neurons more vulnerable. In AD, WFS1 dysfunction is thought to contribute to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau tangles, thereby accelerating disease progression. Additionally, WFS1 plays an essential role in sleep regulation by influencing neuronal excitability and neurotransmitter release, which may explain the sleep disturbances frequently observed in neurodegenerative diseases. Due to its involvement in the pathological mechanisms of AD and sleep disorders, WFS1 is regarded as a potential early diagnostic marker for these diseases. Further research is required to fully elucidate WFS1’s role in the cellular pathway, perhaps facilitating the development of new therapeutic strategies for Alzheimer's disease and psychiatric sleep disorders.
Soil Bacteria in Archaeology: What Could Rank Abundance Functions Report on Ancient Human Impacts on Microbial Communities?
Authors: Köhler Michael , Ehrhardt Linda , Günther Peter Mike , Cao Jialan
Published: October 2024

Metagenomic analysis of soil bacterial communities based on 16S rRNA reflects typical a community composition containing a low number of high abundance types and a very high number of low abundance types. Here, the formation of characteristic rank order functions of bacterial abundance is investigated by modelling the dynamics of soil bacterial communities assuming a succession of different bacterial populations that grow rapidly and decay more slowly. It was found that the characteristic shape of typical rank order functions is well reflected by the simulations. In addition, the model allowed to investigating strong disturbances of the soil, which could be expected in case of strongly changing local environmental conditions in the soil, e.g. by translocation and covering of soil material. Such events could lead to the formation of shoulders in the rank order functions. Abundance rank orders observed in case of some archaeological soil samples do indeed show such a shoulder and could be well interpreted by simulated rank order functions. As a result, it can be concluded that the investigations support the hypothesis, that abundance rank orders contain information about the temporal order of developing bacterial types in changing communities and thus store information about local environmental conditions in the past, including ancient human impacts on soil.
Dual Chamber Pacemaker Implant in Coronary Sinus with Several Complications
Authors: Wassef Nancy Zaher Kelada , Ibrahim Mina , Botrous Christine , Anos Amr , Hogrefe Kai , Pathiraja Janaka
Published: October 2024

Permanent pacemaker implantation is a low-risk procedure. However, complications may occur with a rate of around 3-8%. We present a case where initial implantation resulted in complications that could have been avoided by meticulous assessment of lead position in different projections and early post procedure X-ray that would have delineated other serious complications.

An eighty-seven-year-old female patient presented with syncope and documented high grade atrioventricular block. She had a dual chamber pacemaker implant, after which she had another episode of syncope with loss of pacing capture. This was rectified by ventricular lead repositioning that resulted in consistent ventricular pacing. A week later, she was re-admitted with worsening dyspnoea and fatigue. Chest X-ray (CXR) and CT revealed haemopericardium and haemothorax and she was treated with a chest drain and conservatively managed for pericardial effusion. She had a slow recovery and was discharged home after treatment with no further symptoms during follow up in pacing clinic. This case emphasises the importance of meticulous assessment during and after pacemaker implantation.