使用隱喻故事腳本催眠之意識經驗歷程的案例研究
Authors: 李維倫 李維倫 , Wei-Lun Lee 王思涵 
Published: June 2024

<p>背景與目的：催眠為一經驗現象，但研究者一直無法獲得完整的第一人稱經驗描述，也就無從對其進行研究分析，這阻礙了催眠研究的進展。本研究的目的即在於獲得催眠經驗之意識過程的精細且精確描述，並分析其中的意識經驗現象。方法：本研究採取以催眠現象為標的的案例研究，設計由隱喻故事構成之催眠腳本所進行的催眠歷程，訪談參與者經驗，最後以現象學方法分析之。結果：本研究結果揭示了催眠意識經驗歷程的形式結構與內容結構。催眠意識經驗的歷程形式結構是由本研究所得之催眠經驗描述與意識三重構作理論對話後所得到的理解。催眠意識經驗的意義內容歷程則是可以用經驗生成為主題來提顯其核心意涵。本研究也從催眠過程中的無意義視覺現象獲得意識與生理作用之間關係的假設性理解。結論與建議：本研究不但揭露了催眠過程的形式結構與內容結構，也推進了對意識性質與特徵的討論，可作為意識研究的一項基礎。</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p><p>Context and Objective: Hypnosis refers to a state of deep relaxation and heightened suggestibility that either occurs spontaneously or is induced through guidance by others. Hypnosis is a topic of academic interest because it could help researchers understand the composition and operation of human consciousness. A major question in the study of hypnotic experience is how to obtain first-person reports and how to determine the relationship between its experiential content and external processes, that is, the relationship between hypnotic experience and hypnotic methods. This question arises because hypnosis is characterized by dissociation, and subjects are often unable to clearly describe what they experienced when under hypnosis; even if there are fragmentary content reports, it is not easy to determine their temporal sequence. This lack of first-person description has hindered the progress of hypnosis research. In an attempt to reduce this research gap, this study aimed to obtain a detailed and accurate description of the conscious process of hypnotic experience and to analyze the consciousness phenomena therein. Method: A case-study framework was adopted. The study implementation relied on three research maneuvers: a research design that can obtain first-person reports of hypnotic experiences, a phenomenological method for analyzing first-person experiences, and a theoretical model of consciousness operation obtained from Taiwan’s indigenous psychological healing phenomena, the tripartite theory of consciousness. The research design was as follows. Before conducting the hypnosis session and experiential interviews, the researcher and the research participant co-wrote a hypnosis script with three parts: guidance into a hypnotic state, metaphorical stories, and guidance out of a hypnotic state. It was read word-for-word to the research participant during the hypnosis session, and the entire session was videotaped. An experiential interview was conducted immediately after hypnosis. Through the hypnosis script and video playback, the research participant could identify the correspondence between the hypnotic guidance and her experience and report her experiential process in sequence. Thus, by transcribing the interview recording into a verbatim transcript, this study obtained a first-person report of hypnotic experience that could be matched with the content and sequence of the script. Second, after obtaining the first person report of the hypnotic experience, a phenomenological method was used to analyze the data. Third, the analysis results were examined based on the tripartite theory of consciousness to gain a structural understanding of the hypnotic consciousness process. The function of the tripartite theory of consciousness in this study was to serve as an aid to expand understanding rather than as theoretical conceptualization prior to research analysis. Result: The results can be presented in two parts: the formal structural process of hypnotic consciousness experience and the meaning content process. The formal structural process of hypnosis is the understanding obtained after the participant’s description of the hypnosis experience and the analysis through the lens of the tripartite theory of consciousness. The function of the utterance of hypnotic guidance was significantly demonstrated. Through the three dimensions of content, speaking speed, and rhythm, hypnotic guidance can make different connections and influences on the conscious acts toward the significative, the imaginal, and the somatic. The meaning content process of hypnosis can be described by the theme of experience generation. This study describes the characteristic of openness of consciousness, the phenomenon and function of experiential adhesion and saturation, and the conscious operation structure that can change the texture of the hypnotized person’s experience through experiential interweaving and experiential rewriting. In this way, the hypnotic consciousness experience process carried out with a metaphorical story script is presented as a process of generating meaningful experiences, and the tripartite construction of consciousness is the basic structure for generating experiences. Finally, this study also obtained a hypothetical understanding of the relationship between consciousness and physiological effects during hypnosis. Conclusion and Suggestion: The present study does not just disclose the structure of the processes of conscious experience in hypnosis, but also provides a discussion on the features and qualities of consciousness, which can serve as a basis for future exploration.</p>
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