bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of PANTERA system for monitoring vibrations induced by blasting works in open pit mining plants and the role of supervisors
Authors: Dzik Grażyna , Mirek Adam
Published: November 2018

Measurements of vibrations induced by blasting works in mining plants are one of the possibilities of controlling the operations of open-pit facilities by supervisory authorities. As part of these works, impact of vibrations surveys on buildings within the range of harmful impacts zone of seismic vibrations are carried out to guarantee the safety and protection of their residents. The article presents the possibilities of using digital apparatus for recording and processing vibrations induced by blasting works used during supervisory activities in open-pit mines from 2015 to 2017. Recording and size of events depends on mining conditions and geological structure of the exploited deposit and is closely related to detonation of explosive. The use of dynamic impacts SWD scale against the backdrop of the current norm no PN-B-02170:2016-12 are discussed and examples of assessments of harmfulness of vibrations transmitted by the ground to buildings are presented. It was found that bigger and bigger number of monitoring measurements is performed every year, causes reducing the number of complaints and incriminating letters on mine companies receive in effects of impact of vibrations.
Problematic aspects of interpretation of seismic signals induced by detonation of explosives
Authors: Pyra Józef , Twardosz Michał
Published: November 2018

The article presents problems concerning an interpretation of seismic signals registered in the ground and foundations of buildings which are induced by the detonation of explosives. In the course of blasting in opencast mines, harmful effects may occur. The primary impacts which usually occur are as listed, induced vibrations, airblast, acoustic wave and the flyrock. There are technical and technological methods to reduce them, but minimising one can enhance the impact of the other. Furthermore, impacts such as vibration, acoustic wave, and airblast may overlap - the additive effect, which might cause problems with the unambiguous identification and interpretation of the recordings. The paper presents the results of tests carried out on a laboratory scale of the detonation of varying weight explosives samples. Also, examples of seismic signals recorded during field measurements in the vicinity of open-pit mines are presented. Also, examples of seismic signals recorded during field measurements in the vicinity of open-pit mines are presented. These examples confirm doubt as to the applicability of PN-B-02170: 2016-12 to assess the effects of vibrations on the building structures in the event of a significant impact of the airblast.
Microgravimetric and GPR surveys for detection of unconsolidated zones in a levee
Authors: Łój Monika , Porzucek Sławomir , Gołębiowski Tomisław , Everett Mark E.
Published: November 2018

Selected results of complex geophysical surveys carried out on the Vistula river flood levee in Cracow are herein presented. Two complementary geophysical methods were applied for detection of potential unconsolidated zones in the body of the levee, i.e. microgravimetry and ground-penetrating radar (GPR). The surveys were carried out in 2D mode, along a profile at the crown of the flood levee. Microgravimetric data reveal anomalies showing zones of decreased bulk density. These zones provide information about poor quality of the levee. The main anomaly was interpreted in a quantitative manner using gravity modelling. Non-standard GPR processing and visualization of radargrams were employed to better extract information concerning the distribution of unconsolidated zones. High resolution GPR surveys allow to outline such zones which was the basis for construction of the 2D model used in the gravimetric modelling. Integration of these two geophysical methods provided important information about the spatial variations of mass density in several unconsolidated zones within the body of the flood levee.
Preliminary results of pore pressure profiling on theTęgoborze-Just landslide
Authors: Stanisz Jacek , Pilecki Zenon
Published: November 2018

In this study, we present the preliminary results of deep profiling of pore pressure in the near surface formations of the Carpathian flysch, on the Tęgoborze-Just landslide near Nowy Sącz in Southern Poland. The aim of the study is to identify zones with significant changes in pore pressure influenced landslide processes. These pore pressure changes correspond to a greater change in the degree of saturation or water flow paths. Profiling was performed in four series using a CPTU static probe with a NOVA Acoustic cone. The measurement of pore pressure in flysch formations is very complicated due to the strong heterogeneity of the medium properties and variable water conditions, which are strongly influenced by the intensity of precipitation. The tests were carried out in a colluvium to a depth of approx. 5.0 m, i.e. to the border of a less weathered bedrock, under varying water conditions. The results obtained indicate the presence of four zones of significant changes in pore pressure. The location of these zone is consistent with the location of the greater displacement measured with the inclinometer. There is a greater probability that these weak zones may form a rupture surface.
Design of portable emergency lamp utilizing thin film solar cell and inflatable case
Authors: Bastian Andrew , Devara Kresna , Ramadhanty Savira , Abuzairi Tomy
Published: November 2018

Lighting is an essential thing in performing daily activities and without sufficient lighting we will be difficult to see clearly. The problem is when there is no electricity, for example when we go to a cave or a forest or when there is a natural disaster that shuts down all the electricity. A portable lamp that can be charged by exposing the lamp to sun light can be one of the solution to overcome this problem. Energy Harvesting is a concept where an energy is captured, stored, and used with several technologies including solar technology. Energy Harvesting technology is used in many applications such as calculator, electrical cars or day-to-day lighting This paper will discuss about an application of solar panel in portable LED lamp, that can be used in the night and can be charged during daytime with solar panel. The solar panel, LED, and the battery is integrated in one circuit so there will be more space convenient for user. Solar emergency lamp can be used to illuminate the pathway in mountain or caves and the lamp can float in the water because it case is inflatable. Rechargeable Li-ion Battery 3.7 V 500 mAh and 10 LED SMD is used in this lamp. The proposed design is using a transparent PVC for the case of the lamp. The lamp can be turned on approximately for 4 hours from fully charged battery with 10 LED lamp. The illumination of solar portable emergency lamp was measured using lux meter. The illumination average of the solar portable emergency lamp is 17.58 lux with a deviation of 7.3 lux with medium bright mode. The illumination average of the solar portable emergency lamp is 32.85 lux with a deviation of 12.4 lux for the full bright mode. The Illumination is measured in 50 cm below the solar portable emergency lamp with 9 measured point consisting of 3 rows and 3 columns.
Fabrication of low cost perovskite solar cell under ambient conditions using only spin coating deposition method
Authors: Hariadi Michael , Dzikri Istighfari , Purnamaningsih Retno Wigajatri , Poespawati Nji Raden
Published: November 2018

Indonesia is an archipelagic nation that has many small islands where the average load is low and currently supplied by diesel power generators. The drawbacks from these generators are cost constraints from its operation. Solar cells are the solution of this problem with the support of daily average radiation in Indonesia of 4.8 kWh/m2/day. There has been a lot of technology for the construction of solar cells such as silicon based, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS), which was already successfully commercialized. However, these technologies have been obsolete and started to reach its maximum potential. Perovskite solar cells have a very high future potential, due to the increase on the efficiency of this technology in a relatively short amount of time. The current challenge for the fabrication of perovskite solar cell is the material cost and fabrication cost. This paper discussed the low-cost fabrication of perovskite solar cell using only spin coating deposition method and relatively also low-cost materials for the structure of the perovskite solar cell itself. As a result, we achieve perovskite solar cell with VOC of 0.6 V, ISC of 13 mA, FF of 0.28, and 1.2% efficiency.
Mapping and Analysis of Initial cost Against Levelized Cost of Energy for Residential PV Rooftoop in Indonesia
Authors: Fairuz Riadhi , Setiawan Eko Adhi , Hernanda Ikhsan
Published: November 2018

Future electricity tariffs are expected to increase. To overcome this condition, arise the idea how the residential can generate its own electricity by exploiting the potential of solar energy. However, there are some constraints in its implementation due to the difference of the initial cost and sales from solar PV systems in various region of Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of initial cost on the levelized cost of energy from the system. This study uses the calculation of Levelized Cost of Energy (LCoE) and economic feasibility analysis through the calculation of net present value with net metering scheme. Manado is the most optimal city to implement this system. The initial cost will affect to the LCoE, the high initial cost can be covered by the amount of cash flow generated by the system which has huge solar irradiation potentials.
Optimizing a concentration of NaCl and 2Na2CO3∙3H2O with microbial desalination cell from the usage of UI lake water
Authors: Puspitarini Putri Anggun , Istiqomah Hidayati , Ekadewi Putty , Utami Tania Surya , Arbianti Rita , Hermansyah Heri
Published: November 2018

Microbial Desalination Cell (MDC) is one of a Bio Electrochemical technology and also modification technology of Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), MDC is a method that desalinate a sea water. In the use of this MDC system, the bio electrode that use is from coconut shell charcoal. The use of charcoal as Bio Electrode because it has a low cost as well as environmentally friendly, and charcoal doesn’t have some toxic properties. Another problem besides the use of bio electrode, is the imbalance between the pH and the chamber becomes another obstacle to the MDC system and the impact of some approaches leads to increased cost of capital and operational costs. In order to overcome these barriers by cost, Lake UI is used as the substrate and Sodium percarbonate (SP or 2Na2CO3∙3H2O) also used as a natural buffered electrolyte. Based on the results of variations of SP concentration, best concentration of SP was at 0.15 M (SR=15.14%), concentration NaCl at 35 g/L were able to reduce the mass of 3.626 g to 3.077 g with salinity 30.77 g/L.
Improvement of biohydrogen production in microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) system by tackling methanogenesis
Authors: Hardhi Matthew , Ekadewi Putty , Arbianti Rita , Utami Tania Surya , Hermansyah Heri
Published: November 2018

The increasingly adverse effects of climate change caused by a variety of fossil-based fuel demands an alternative to such fuel. Hydrogen is one of the potential renewable fuel that offers numerous advantages compared to its competitors. However, the dominant hydrogen production methods are still energy-heavy and dependent on fossil-based resources. Microbial electrolysis cell or MEC system is one of the leading solution towards replacing conventional hydrogen production method. A persistent downside to this system in the presence of methanogens that consumes the hydrogen product. This research proposes alternative biological method to control the methanogen colony by introducing isolates of denitrifying bacteria to the system which will act as inhibitor to hydrogenotrophic methanogen. The reactor implemented is a single-chambered, membrane-less 20-ml reactor. Net hydrogen yield produced in the cathodic headspace will be analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). Hydrogen yield for reactor with enriched cathode is expected to be higher in comparison to unenriched reactor, as nitrogen oxides produced during the metabolism of the denitrifiers were known to inhibit methanogen growth. Experimental results showed consistent higher H2 yield in inoculated reactor compared to control reactor, where in the second cycle H2 production increased 100% compared to the control.
Yield Prediction of Renewable Diesel From Hydrocracking Process as a Function of Pressure and Temperature Using Analytical Semi Empirical Model (ASEM)
Authors: Wijaya Handrianto , Susanto Bambang Heru
Published: November 2018

The development of renewable fuels from biomass is very rapid, and becomes the main alternative to replace petroleum-derived fuels that are limited in stock. There has been a lot of experiments to optimize the production of renewable diesel, but it takes time, cost and a lot of trial and error in order to produce a good result. On the other hand, optimization using simulation is more cost and time effective. One of the processes in the production of this renewable fuel is hydrocracking. This experiment aims to study the effect of pressure and temperature in the hydrocracking process using the Analytical Semi Empirical Model (ASEM) method in representing the yield of the product. Mathematical models will be modified and validated using data from existing research. The results show that Analytical Semi Empirical Model can be used to predict the yield of product from hydrocracking, with all of the models show R2 higher than 0.95 and SSE lower than 3.
Effect of Rewetting on Smouldering Combustion of a Tropical Peat
Authors: Dianti Afiri , Ratnasari Nadhira Gilang , Palamba Pither , Nugroho Yulianto
Published: November 2018

Probability of land and forest fire in Indonesia is quite high. Peat land is one of the highest contribute of the fire disaster. Indonesia is the country with the highest peat land in Southeast Asia, with more than 50 % of tropical peat species. Combustion of peat produced carbon emission with large quantities and affect to global warming. Characteristic of smoldering combustion of peat cause detection and extinction be difficult. Moreover, there are another impact such as high erosion potential, structural collapse and soil layer damage. Flameless on peat smoldering causes peat restoration institution build fire prevention method. Regulation of water table on peat land with rewetting method aims to maintain and restore the moisture of peat. The experiment aims to understand characteristic of smoldering combustion of rewetting peat. Sample used in the experiments was taken from Bagaiserwar village, Sarmi, Papua (01°55’14, 11”, E: 138°6’17, 35”). A set of thermocouples were used to explore horizontal spread rate at 80 mm intervals. Mass loss rate indicates derivation caused by evaporation on wet peat. Author discovered a fire risk is higher than natural combustion in experiments with rewetting peat. Spread rate of smoldering is high on rewetting peat with initial MC before rewetting is ≤ 10 %. Hydrophobic of peat cause retention of water on peat changes. This phenomenon causes evaporation process being faster and total combustion time occur rapidly, start from preheating until self extinction.
Potential of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of fat, oil and grease waste and food waste
Authors: Sandriaty Reigina , Priadi Cindy , Kurnianingsih Septiana , Abdillah Ayik
Published: November 2018

The generation of fat, oil and grease (FOG) waste can be a nuisance hazard, but also a potential for resource recovery. FOG waste can be utilized as nutrient and energy source through anaerobic digestion which may increase methane yield but also increase presence of inhibitors. Using the biochemical methane potential method, this research is aimed to determine the effect of FOG waste in the co-digestion process of food waste (FW) to produce biogas. The research was conducted for 42 days at 37°C using FOG waste codigested with FW of 3 different volatile solid (VS) rasio which are 0.125, 0.3, and 0.5. The results showed that FOG waste combined with FW has a methane yield that may reach up to 485 ± 36.8 mL CH4/gr VS, the highest one produced by the 0.125 VS rasio mix. While the ratio of FOG waste with FW at 0.3 and 0.5 only produce 128 ± 195 and 4 ± 1.45 mL CH4/gr VS, respectively. The ratio of 0.125 also demonstrates the highest COD reduction of 56% compared to the other ratio which indicates the 0.125 FOG and FW ratio can be implemented to utilize FOG waste and increase methane yield during anaerobic digestion process.
Production of bio-insecticide from extracted carica papaya using NADES solvent with ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE)
Authors: Ahmad Tibrizi , Fauzy Zikri M. , Yoshia  , Utami T.S. , Arbianti R. , Hermansyah H
Published: November 2018

Bioinsecticide is a kind of organic pesticides that are easily degraded in nature and their residues are relatively unobstrusive to the plants and surrounding environment. The raw material of bioinsecticide production can be derived from the abundant plant wastes and has a cysteine protease compound that can damage the tissue and digestive system in plant pests, namely papaya waste. The content of cysteine protease in papaya waste in mostly in papaya skin that can be extracted using Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) by varying sonication time and solid-to-liquid ratio with NADES solvent. Those variations will be comparaed using the enzyme activity test and the evication test. The results indicated that NADES solvent proved to be efficient solvents for extraction of papaya because papaya contains alkaloid that can be extracted by NADES with ChCl-oxalid acid is the type of NADES solvent.
Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) Control 2x2 at Vacuum Distillation Unit for LVGO, MVGO, and HVGO Production
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Maro Naufal Syafiq
Published: November 2018

Currently, Indonesia is still experiencing a fuel deficit, so it is necessary to build a new oil refinery and a process optimization at an existing refinery. A vacuum distillation unit (VDU) is used to process the atmospheric residue products from crude distillation unit (CDU). A multivariable model predictive control (MMPC) is proposed to improve a control performance in VDU because of the interaction between variables in the unit. Therefore, it is necessary to find the variables that interact with each other. In this study only two variables are discussed. Set point (SP) and disturbance changes are used to test the control performance with integral of square error (ISE) as the indicator. The results are compared with the control performance of the PI controller and a single MPC. As a result, the feed flow rate and bottom-stage temperature are strongest interactions so that both are determined as controlled variables in MMPC. The control performance of MMPC is better than the PI controller and the single MPC with control performance improvement of 48% to the PI controller and 21% to MPC on for Feed Flow Rates, and 98% to the PI controller and 27% to MPC on Bottom Stage Temperature. While on disturbance changes the enhancement is 35% for the Bottom Stage Temperature.
Enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery: optimization of CBM production using different injected gas composition and rate for south sumatra CBM field, Indonesia
Authors: Wahid Abdul , Putra Fariz Adriansyah , Hidayat Muhamad Taufiq , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: November 2018

Indonesia, whose 453 TCF potential coal bed methane (CBM) reserves, rank the 6th largest CBM reserves around the world. However, the technical limitation is amongst the major issues slowing down the exploitation progress of the resources which current national CBM production only reach up to 1 MMSCFD. This paper provides a newly enhanced coal bed methane (ECBM) recovery method to improve the methane production. Scenarios of nitrogen (N2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) injection were used in this study to perform 25 years production simulation and compared with CBM primary production. Created hypothetical model based on the characteristic of coal seams CBM field in South Sumatra, Indonesia, was used to analyze the increasing methane production by using N2 and CO2 injection with different compositions and rates. The result observed about 3,52% incremental methane production by injecting N2 into CBM reservoir. In other words, this new method has an impact on enhancing the CBM national production, particularly South Sumatra CBM field, which could be useful for further CBM development in Indonesia. Mixture injection seemed to be unfavorable for the field due to the difference of gas mechanism. Thus
Production of Plutella xylostella bioinsecticide for brassicaceae plant based on bromelain enzyme extracted from pineapple peel and isothiocyanate extracted from broccoli stem and radish peel
Authors: Marsino Yosia , Zikri Muhammad Fauzy , Tibrizi Ahmad , Utami Tania Surya , Arbianti Rita , Hermansyah Heri
Published: November 2018

Brassicaceae plant is a commodity of edible plant that is very important for Indonesia, with cabbage worm (Plutella xylostella) as its main pest. Pest control with biopesticide is needed to preserve environment and increase crops production. Several biological substance is toxic to cabbage worm, including bromelain enzyme and isothiocyanates. Extraction of bromelain is experimented by varying mixing duration (15, 30, 45, 60 mins) and solvent type (distilled water and phosphate buffer). Extraction of isothiocyanate is experimented by varying the solvent ratio (1:1, 1:2, 1:3), using dichloromethane as solvent. For the broccoli stem sample, phosphate buffer is added to maintain pH. Enzyme activity test is used with product tyrosin concentration as standard. Isothiocyanate is determined with GC-MS analysis. The most effective extraction method for bromelain is with distilled water as solvent with 15 min mixing time. The most effective extraction method for isothiocyanate is with 1:1 solvent ratio at 37°C temperature without adding phosphate buffer. Efficacy of each sample to cabbage worm is also experimented by feeding it broccoli leaf spread with sample and observing the mortality rate. Bromelain and isothiocyanate proved to be toxic to cabbage worm and can be used as alternative bioinsecticide with the highest mortality of cabbage worm is by isothiocyanate from radish peel, reaching 100%.
Preparation of Activated Carbon from Banana Peel Waste as Adsorbent for Motor Vehicle Exhaust Emissions
Authors: Yuliusman  , Sinto Jervis , Nugroho Yugo Widhi , Naf’an Hizba Ilmi
Published: November 2018

Air pollution caused by motor vehicle exhaust emissions in the form of harmful gases becomes a problem for the health of living things in the surrounding environment. The alternative way to reduce those emissions is by utilizing agricultural waste as activated carbon (AC). AC can adsorbs those emissions due to its porous and high surface area. AC was made of banana peel waste that contains of lignocellulose and has considerable amount because of banana processing industrialization. AC was made through dehydration, carbonization at 350°C furnace without or with N2 gases of 0.15 NL/minute for 1 hour, then chemical activation using various concentrations of H2SO4 solution at 85°C for 1 hour. Characterization of activated carbon was done by iodine number test. The result shows that carbon chemical activation by 6 N of H2SO4 gave better result of iodine number than the lower concentration, obtaining 428 mg/g and overall yield of 41.68%. The result was even better on physical-and-chemical activation with same concentration of H2SO4, obtaining 617 mg/g with surface area of 614 m2/g and overall yield of 56.40%.
The Effect of pyrolysis conditions to produce levoglucosan from rice straw
Authors: Nugraha Aji Satria , Setiadi  , Utami Tania Surya
Published: November 2018

The industrial sectors that produce synthetic chemicals and and polymers rely heavily on fossil resources. Rice straw is very abundant in Indonesia and can be used as a substitute for fossil resources to produce petrochemical precursors. It is known that cellulose component is the main source for LG formation. Due to high contain of cellulose, the potential of rice straw can be transform by pyrolysis to produce bio-oils and derivative products towards levoglucosan (LG) should be developed. Levoglucosan is an important intermediate compound as it can be convert to the precursor of bio-polymer adipic acid, bio-ethanol, etc. Nowadays it’s still rarely research focused on this mechanism route producing LG through pyrolysis. LG then can run into a further reaction and produce derivative products. In order to obtain the highest yield of LG in bio-oil, a condition that may inhibit the further reaction of LG during pyrolysis takes place. The factor of biomass source and composition, temperature, and holding time (adjusted by N2feed) most likely greatly affect the product composition formed at the end of pyrolysis. In this study, fast-pyrolysis of rice straw was performed in fixed-bed reactor (5 grams of biomass) under different temperature ranges (450 to 600 °C), N2flow rate (1200 to 1582 ml/min) to maximize the yield of LG. The content of LG on bio-oil was measured by GC-MS instrument. The maximum yield of LG (67.78% of area) was obtained at an optimal temperature of 500°C with holding time of 1.35 s.
The Effect of Pyrolysis Temperature and Time of Polypropylene on Quality of Carbon Nanotube with Flame Synthesis Method
Authors: Wulan Praswasti P.D.K , Sidauruk Juan Octavian Daniel , Ningtyas Juli Ayu
Published: November 2018

Variations of the pyrolysis temperature and time are carried out to obtain the correlation between those variables and the number of pyrolysis gases, as well as the yield and quality of produced CNT. PP is pyrolyzed at a temperature range of 525-600°C to produce pyrolizate gases. The flame synthesis method is used to convert PP plastic waste into CNT alongside with the use of wired mesh stainless steel type SS 316 as the substrate. The substrate is pre-treated by oxidative heat treatment at 800°C for 10 minutes before the synthesis to breach the outer chromium layer and make grains on the catalytic surface to enable CNT to grow. Pyrolizate gases are mixed with oxygen flowed from a venturi, so combustion reaction occurs. The combustion gas is flowed to the synthesis reactor to produce CNT at 800°C. Characterization of produced CNT is carried out using XRD, GC-FID, and TEM. The highest yield is obtained at the pyrolysis temperature of 525°C for 45 minutes. While the optimal quality based on the structure, crystalline and particle size is achieved at the pyrolysis temperature of 525°C for 30 minutes which results in CNT with 23.81 nm of average crystallite size and 104.8 nm of particle size.
Leaching and kinetics process of cobalt from used lithium ion batteries with organic citric acid
Authors: Yuliusman  , Nurqomariah Annisaa , Fajaryanto Radifan , Silvia
Published: November 2018

Batteries waste is found anywhere in the world because most of the electronic devices use batteries to operate them. Batteries that were used for electronic devices nowadays is lithium ion batteries. Lithium ion batteries is one of the rechargeable batteries where it contained heavy metals which is very dangerous for health and environment. However, in order to minimalize the composition before its being disposed many researchers have found a way to recover heavy metals, because it can be useful to reproduce lithium ion batteries in the future. In this research, hydrometallurgical leaching process has been done for recovery cobalt from used lithium ion using hydrogen peroxide as reducing agent and citric acid as a leaching agent by varying citric acid concentration (0-2 M), reaction temperature (50-80°C), and reaction time (5-60 minutes). The result were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) and showed that the best operation condition is at concentration 1 M, temperature 80oC with stirring time 60 minutes can recover more than 90% of Cobalt.
The Influences of transglutaminase enzyme dosage on the meat characteristic from restructuring the animal and vegetable protein sources
Authors: Setiadi  , Sah Wawan Irawah , Alisha Nadia
Published: November 2018

Transglutaminase (EC 2.3.2.13) catalyses an acyl-transfer reaction in which the γ-carboxamide group of peptide-bound glutaminyl residues are the acyl donors. In this research is compare the influence of transglutaminase enzyme dosage on the animal protein which is duck meat and vegetable protein which is analog meat from TSP and soy powder. The sample was tested by some instrument analysis namely pH meter, Texture Profile Analyzer (TPA). Then, the sample was analized its nutrition by Proximate test. By these tests, it could be obtained the optimum of amount transgluminase dosage in animal or vegetable protein source. The experimental variations is the enzyme dosage. The enzyme dosage for animal protein source are 0.0%; 0.3%; 0.6% and 1%, while vegetable protein source are 0.0%; 0.5%; 1,0%; 1.5% and 2% with the duration of 24 h incubation in 4°C. The result showed that the characteristic of each sample observed, increased dosage of transglutaminase enzyme affects the texture of sample as evedenced by TPA. In animal protein the optimum enzyme used is 0,6 %, while in vegetable protein the optimum enzyme is 1,5% as evedenced by TPA and acidity test level.
Transformerless SoC-based current control switching battery charger for e-vehicle: design and analysis
Authors: Priambodo Purnomo Sidi , Adriadi Yosua , Kurniawan Taufiq Alif
Published: November 2018

Electric-based vehicles become a necessity in the future to dramatically reduce the effects of pollution. There are various devices involve in the operation of electric vehicles, one of which is a battery charger. This paper discusses the design steps, circuit and ripple performance analysis associated with building a battery charger system. The analysis shows the differences between RL and RC circuits in controlling the output voltage average and the ripples. It shows how RLC mixed circuit improve performance in both controlling the output voltage average and the ripple suppression.
The role of Praseodymium oxide-Impregnated Clinoptilolite Zeolite Catalyst to Increase Octane Number in Gasoline
Authors: Kusrini Eny , Togar Yan Mulders , Hasyim Vino , Usman Anwar
Published: November 2018

In the present work, the role of praseodymium oxide as a promotor of active site in zeolite base as catalyst for increasing the octance number in gasoline were investigated. In this study, we used three types of catalyst, namely the activated clipnotilolite zeolite (catalyst 1), Pr6O11-impregnated clinoptilolite zeolite 0.01 (w/w%) (catalyst 2) and Pr6O11-impregnated clinoptilolite zeolite 0.1 (w/w%) (catalyst 3). Both catalyst 2 and 3 were prepared by impregnation method. The calcination temperature for all of catalysts was set at 500°C for 2 hours to remove the organic impurities and stabilize the structure of catalyst. The Si/Al ratio increased from 5.1 to 5.85 with prasedymium nitrate hexahydrate percentage in catalysts 2 and 3 were 0.14 and 0.05%, respectively. The surface area of catalysts 1 - 3 are 19.42, 18.09 and 15.22 m2/g, respectively. The activity performance of catalyst 3 with 1 and 3 % loading at 27.7°C for 2 min have increased the octane number of 0.1. Increasing octane number of 0.1 was also confirmed by GC-MS data which showed the presence of decreasing C4-C11 hydrocarbon compounds and increasing of aromatic compounds. Pr6O11-impregnated clinoptilolite zeolite catalyst is potential for application in fuel system to increase octane number at room temperature (27.7°C).
Synthesis of hybrid nanofluid with two-step method
Authors: Septiadi Wayan Nata , Trisnadewi Ida Ayu Nyoman Titin , Putra Nandy , Setyawan Iwan
Published: November 2018

Nanofluid is a liquid fluid mixture with a nanometer-sized solid particle potentially applied as a heat transfer fluid because it is capable of producing a thermal conductivity better than a base fluid. However, nanofluids have a weakness that is a high level of agglomeration as the resulting conductivity increases. Therefore, in this study, the synthesis of two nanoparticles into the base fluid called hybrid nanofluids. This study aims to determine the effect of nanoparticle composition on the highest thermal conductivity value with the lowest agglomeration value. This research was conducted by dispersing Al2O3-TiO2 nanoparticles in water with volume fraction of 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5%, 0.7% in the composition of Al2O3-TiO2 ratio of 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75%. The synthesis was performed with a magnetic stirrer for 30 minutes. The tests were carried out in three types: thermal conductivity testing with KD2, visual agglomeration observation and absorbance measurements using UV-Vis, wettability testing with HSVC tools and Image applications. The test results showed that the ratio composition ratio of 75% Al2O3-25% TiO2 with a volume fraction of 0.7% resulted in an increase in optimum thermal conductivity with the best wettability and the longest agglomeration level.
Analysis of CO2 transmission pipelines for CO2 enhanced oil recovery networks: gas field X to oil field Y
Authors: Adi Jatmoko Faisal , Kusrini Eny
Published: November 2018

The aim of this study is to analyze the CO2 transmission pipeline from gas field X to oil field Y by comparing alternative routes, CO2 phases, design parameters, equipment used and economic aspects, with the objective of identifying the most efficient transmission system. The 100 MSCFD of CO2 that is normally removed from gas field X will be used and transmitted to oil field Y for enhanced oil recovery (EOR). CO2 can be transported in three phases - gas, fluid or dense vapour. Because of the corrosive properties of CO2 when in contact with water, materials with high corrosion resistance, such stainless steel or reinforced carbon, should be used. Stainless steel is commonly used for the transport of corrosive fluids such as CO2 but is expensive, while the least expensive material commonly used is reinforced fibre; however, this material has low strength at high pressure. On the other hand, while carbon steel is known for its high strength and durability it has poor resistance to corrosion. Therefore, the selection of materials for pipeline construction and the design parameters applied will be studied here to determine the best option for CO2 transmission. For comparison, two alternative routes, one with existing rights of way (the ROW route) and one all-new route, will be compared with each other. Then, CO2 phase transmission will be compared for liquid, gas and dense vapour phases, together with the design parameters applied and required equipment. Pipe diameter will be calculated along with pipe wall thickness and other requirements of parameter design for transmission of CO2. Economic analysis will then be performed for each scenario to ascertain the minimum cost while still meeting necessary technical requirements. Capital expenditure (CAPEX), operating expenditure (OPEX) and other variables will be investigated and analyzed using sensitivity testing to determine the influence of each component variation on each CO2 transmission pipeline. From the analysis applied to each scenario the optimal pipeline transmission scenarios in terms of design and cost to meet the CO2 enhanced oil-recoverynetwork needs for gas field X to oil field Y will be obtained.
An integrated control on thermal and noise environment of tropical building material
Authors: Samodra FX Teddy Badai , Irvansyah  , Erwindi Collinthia
Published: November 2018

The environmental problems of thermal and noise environment are recently considered the most important contributors to the tropical building in an urban area. The porous tropical materials provide both a solution for cooling and airborne noise problem from the source to receiver when the wind is in the same direction. This research optimizes the integrated control of thermal and noise environment which are directed into building material evaluation. Surabaya is selected as representative of the hotter area of the lowland while Malang is determined as the colder urban area of the highland. An eco-tropical lightweight material, wood, is examined as a case study. The field measurement for surface material temperature and its transmission loss were conducted in order to give information on thermal and acoustical properties of the material. The optimization is conducted by comparing Sound Reduction Index and by Conduction Heat Flow. The results highlighted that for the same material, the thickness that effect on its mass is important for both thermal and noise control. The higher the thickness is, the higher the Sound Reduction Index and the lower the conduction heat flow are. Modifying material by adding the thickness of wood results that by material mass minimum 36.5 kg/m2, the critical lowland building meets the standard of World Health Organization noise limits and has lower heat gain.
Degradation of batik dye wastewater in basic condition by ozonation technique in bubble column reactor
Authors: Annisa Nur , Sekar Nadisti Meidina , Fathul karamah Eva , Bismo Setijo
Published: November 2018

Naturally, textile waste and its complexity will grow significantly in tandem with the increasingly diverse production of the textile industry. In Indonesia, one of the leading textile industry is batik industry. These textile dye compounds as well as their corresponding phenolic compounds in batik waste are considered and treated as well as can cause acute toxicity and mutagenic effects for aquatic ecosystems. Ozone is an effective wastewater treatment technique by using ozone formation which can optimize the degradation process of batik wastewater. This study aims to test the ability of ozonation techniques in the process of removal remazol blue (RB-19) batik dyes or phenolic compounds (phenol and 4-chlorophenol) in bubble column reactor under basic condition (pH about 10). From experiment result, it was found that in 60-minutes degradation process with ozonation technique for RB-19 dye reached 99.70% and 4-chlorophenol reached 62.79%. The optimum condition of the treatment process was obtained by using air flow rate 10 L/min for RB-19 dye and 12 L/min for 4-chlorophenol, using a multi ozone injection system, and flow rate of wastewater 250 mL/min.
Computational Fluid Dynamic Predictions on Effects of Screw Number on Performance of Single Blade Archimedes Screw Turbine
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Ilham , Syuhada Ahmad , Almas Fiqih
Published: November 2018

One of the alternative solutions to reduce the impact of electricity crisis in Aceh and other isolated areas in Indonesia is by the construction of small-scale hydro power plants that can work efficiently on the heads lower than 10 meters. One suitable type of turbine applied to the head below 10 meters is the Archimedes screw turbine. Due to the lack of information about the application of low head power plants, resulting in applications of this type of turbine is still less in Indonesia. This paper examined the appropriate turbine model. Before experimental turbine testing, turbines were designed theoretically first and then analyzed numerically. The flow velocity and pressure patterns within the turbine were analyzed using ANSYS CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamic) software under design conditions for 7, 9 and 11 screw numbers for single blade turbine. Based on the results of pressure analysis, speed and turbulent kinetic energy, it found that turbine performance using 11 blades is better among the three turbines. However, the highest average speed was obtained on the turbine using 7 screws, which maximum pressure obtained on a turbine 7 screws of 1406 Pa, on 9 screws on plane 1301 Pa and at 11 screws of 1175 Pa. Based on the results of the analysis, it showed that the smaller the distance between the channel and turbine blades, the results were more efficient due to the absence of wasted streams. Therefore, the flow pressure in the inlet position all directly leaded to the tip off the blade to produce a momentum.
Invisible Housing-“housing” as envisioned by the urban poor in Jakarta
Authors: Andriyanto Mukti , Yudo Harjoko Triatno
Published: November 2018

This paper seeks to challenge the dominant paradigm on housing only as an standarized object for living. For the urban poor, urbanity is conceived as petromax that attracts them to come to the city striving for fortune. What really matters is how they could get access to space or “a piece of land” (lahan) in the city,which may not mean it housing let alone home. A house is imagined as a shelter that lets them engage with economic activities within. It does not have all the basic facilities needed to raise a healthy family as understood and believed by politicians, bureaucrats and those in the property business. The research method used in this projects in order to discover the metaphysical phenomena of invisible housing is a grounded method. The idea of invisible housing is uncovered through an emic approach of investigations to the respondents. Findings have shown that the urban poor perceive urbanity as space of existence. Open lahan or open urban land (such as on river bank) perceived as “no man’s land” for them to utilize.
Application of ozonated water to maintain the quality of chicken meat: effect of exposure time, temperature, and ozone concentration
Authors: Fathul Karamah Eva , Wajdi Nafila
Published: November 2018

As an environmentally friendly disinfectant, ozone now is being studied as an alternative to chlorine sanitizers in many segments of the food industry. The use of ozone as a superficial disinfectant of meat surfaces has been reported in the meat industry. Few studies on the use of ozone in chicken meat have been reported. Ozonated water treatments improve the quality and extend the shelf life of chicken meat. This research studied the effect of exposure time (40, 80, and 120 min), temperature contact (3, 26, and 37 °C), and ozone concentration (0.21 and 0.38 mg/l) in the optimization of ozonated in effort maintain the quality of chicken meat. The observed quality parameters were total number of aerobic mesophyll bacteria, pH, water content, and protein content. The results show that longer exposure time and lower temperature could lower the rate of decreasing quality in chicken meat. Ozonated water with 0.38 mg/l of ozone concentration is contacted with chicken fillet for 120 minutes at 3°C, it reduced aerobic mesophilic bacteria by 1 unit log cfu/g. The ozone concentrations of 0.21 and 0.38 were able to disinfect total aerobic mesophilic bacteria of 0.42 and 0.89 log cfu/g respectively. There was no significant effect on pH and chicken water content, but protein content decreased by 1%.
Experimental Investigation and Performance Analysis of Ceramic Inserts in Laser Assisted Turning of Waspaloy
Authors: Wiciak Martyna , Chwalczuk Tadeusz , Felusiak Agata
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the influence of laser assisted turning of hard-to-cut nickel-based superalloy on tool cutting ability was presented. The conducted research involved the machining performance along with tool life of ceramic inserts during turning of heat-resistant alloy under a trade name Waspaloy. The ceramic insert with geometry in accordance with the ISO – RPGX 120700 T01020 were applied during longitudinal turning with laser beam. The investigations has been completed with various cutting conditions such as laser powerP, cutting speedvc, feedfand depth of cutap. In order to determine the relations between the tool wear and cutting time, the tool lifeThas been selected. The increment of tool wear was correlated with the change of vibration signals and the critic points of tool wear was presented. In addition, the shape and form of chip was evaluated based on macroscopic observation and SEM analyses. The conducted research was primarily focused on effective application of ceramic inserts during turning Waspaloy with laser beam and comparison this technology with conventional machining.
Surface Roughness Characterization of Inconel 718 after Laser Assisted Turning
Authors: Felusiak Agata , Chwalczuk Tadeusz , Wiciak Martyna
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the surface roughness parameters evaluation of Inconel 718 (43 HRC) after turning under laser assisted conditions. The experiment was conducted for cemented carbides inserts under various cutting and laser heating parameters. Tesets based on central composite research program allows to describe an interaction between input (cutting speed vc, laser power P, feed f) and output (roughness parameters according to PN-ISO 4288: Ra, Rz, Rt, Rsk, RSm, Rdq) parameters. The results showed that laser power density decrease values of amplitude type of roughness parameters. Such occurrence is not observed for horizonal and hybrid parameters of surface. The function is not described by monotonic projection. Therefore optimization by usability function was performed to observe complex interaction between input and output values. The findings of this work define which one of values from cutting speed, laser power and feed values have crucial impact on surface roughness constitution.
Parametric Study on Vibration and Harmonic Analysis of Moderately Thick Functionally Graded Plates Using FEM
Authors: Sharma Avadesh K. , Gaur M K , Dwivedi R K
Published: November 2018

Finite element method is used to investigate the free vibration and harmonic analysis of functionally graded plates. The material properties of the plates are assumed to vary continuously through their thickness direction according to a power-law distribution of the volume fractions of the plate constituents. The four noded shell 181 elements are used to analyse the functionally graded plates. The aim is to fill the void in the available literature with respect to the free vibration results of Functionally Graded plates. Convergence and Comparison studies with respect to the number of nodes has been carried out using FEM. The natural frequency, mode shape and harmonic analysis of FG plate has been determined using finite element package ANSYS.
Mechanical Vibration Mechanism Motion Simulation of Ultrasonic Composite Vibration Polishing Equipment
Authors: Hongqiang Wan , Peiying Han , Shuai Ge , Li Fancong , Simiao Zhang
Published: November 2018

In order to design a kind of mechanical vibration part with stable motion in ultrasonic composite vibration polishing equipment. firstly, the main working principle of ultrasonic composite vibration polishing equipment is briefly introduced. Secondly, the mechanical vibration structure of the design is analyzed theoretically, again, using ADAMS software to simulate the crankshaft connecting rod piston mechanism. When the crankshaft speed is 750r/min, the stroke of the piston is 90mm, which is similar to the theoretical analysis value. Finally, using ANSYS Workbench software to analyze the crankshaft statics. The analysis shows that the design of the mechanical vibration structure is reasonable, which provides a theoretical basis for the study of the mechanical vibration structure of ultrasonic composite vibration polishing equipment.