bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Redes de apoyo social, un cobijo resiliente para familias desplazadas con integrantes desaparecidos
Authors: Salazar Serna Karla
Published: January 2022

México sufre una crisis humanitaria en la que se han registrado más de 95.000 personas desaparecidas en los últimos 15 años. Las familias que tienen desaparecidos no solo padecen las numerosas implicaciones de una pérdida ambigua, sino que también lidian con otras vejaciones, como el desplazamiento forzado. No obstante, existen vías que permiten sobrellevar la adversidad y lograr sobreponerse a través de procesos de reconstrucción edificados sobre la resiliencia. El presente análisis se deriva de una investigación de corte cualitativo basada en entrevistas en profundidad y observación participante que tuvo como objeto indagar sobre las alternativas que tienen las familias de personas desaparecidas que han sufrido el desplazamiento forzado interno. Reconociendo la dimensión relacional de la resiliencia, se pretendió conocer cuáles son las redes de apoyo social con las que cuentan. Entre los hallazgos más relevantes, se encuentran los siguientes: las familias se concentran más en las acciones de búsqueda de sus familiares que en establecerse en sus nuevos lugares de asentamiento; las redes de apoyo social más efectivas para colaborar en su salvaguarda están construidas con familias que también buscan a sus desaparecidos; los procesos de resiliencia son edificados, en gran medida, a través de la interacción y la generación de vínculos afectivos con integrantes de los colectivos y durante las brigadas de búsqueda. Con este análisis, se concluye que, si bien la violencia tiene un poder desarticulador, este no es determinante sobre la vida de las familias al existir la posibilidad resiliente de reconstruirse a través de las redes de apoyo social.
The Political Exploitation of Covid-19: The AfD as Challenger Party and the Impact on Parliament
Authors: Donovan Barbara
Published: January 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has been an issue ready for political exploitation, and it has con­tributed to political polarization in western democracies . In Germany, the Alternative für Deutschland (AfD) adapted its policy positions and performative style and took advantage of the changing circumstances in the pandemic . The pandemic situation thus provided a political opportunity for the AfD to grow its own political repertoire, acting as a challenger party . An overview of evolving party strategy and a content analysis of select legislative debates held in the Bundestag between the outbreak of the pandemic in February 2020 and August 2021 shows that the AfD behaved as an “issue entrepreneur” in the months after the onset of the public health crisis and that it used its populist critique of the government­managed response to the public health crisis to inform a parliamentary strategy of disrup­tion . The party’s behavior led to more adversarial and polarized parliamentary politics . This is relevant to the broader study of pressures imparted by the pandemic crisis on parliamen­tary governance as well as of today’s populist far-right parties and their impact on parlia­mentary democracy .
Parlamente in der Pandemie: Erste Erkenntnisse aus einem international vergleichenden Forschungsvorhaben
Authors: Siefken Sven T. , Guasti Petra , Patzelt Werner J. , Akirav Osnat , Coghill Ken , Haupt Pauline
Published: January 2022

During the pandemic, parliaments around the globe suffered a “double shock”: They had to adjust to the challenges of the infectious disease and uphold or (re-)establish their roles with regard to the executive . A closer investigation of 27 parliaments in different political systems gives a first in-depth comparative account for their initial reactions to the crisis . It is based on information from an ongoing collaboration of experts on parliaments and builds on a model of historical institutionalism . In some countries significant measures were taken, including restricting participation in parliamentary proceedings and moving some of them online . Committees served as a field of experimentation for digitalizing par­liaments . While only in a few countries legislative activities were strongly dominated by the pandemic, in most countries continuity across policy areas prevailed . More variety can be seen in institutional changes for parliamentary oversight . Communication activities intensi­fied with the pandemic, particularly from parliamentary leadership . These first results indi­cate that parliaments and established parliamentary democracies, in particular, were able to perform their functions despite unprecedented challenges posed by the Covid-19 pandem­ic .
Positionen und Perspektiven für eine sektorenübergreifende Planung und Versorgung aus Ländersicht
Authors: Gruhl Matthias
Published: January 2022

Das größte Hindernis auf dem Weg zu einer sektorenübergreifenden Versorgung in Deutschland liegt in dem Abgrenzungsdrang der unterschiedlichen Beteiligten im Gesundheitswesen. Ähnlich wie die drei christlichen Weltreligionen in der Geburtskirche von Bethlehem seit Jahrhunderten um jedes Staubkorn kämpfen, waren und sind die Stakeholder nicht bereit, im Kampf um Autorität, Macht und Milliarden die Grenzen ihrer jeweiligen Einflussgebiete auch nur ein wenig zu öffnen. Die Angst, etwas zu verlieren, ist systemprägend und reformverhindernd. Die Position der Länder und deren Perspektiven für eine sektorenübergreifende Versorgung sind in dieser Aufstellung von besonderer Bedeutung.
Vernetzung und Vertragsalterna- tiven verbessern die Versorgung oder Versorgungsstrukturierung in der Dauerwarteschleife
Authors: Hermann Christopher
Published: January 2022

Vernetzung und Versorgungsstrukturierung bilden zwei wesentliche Stellschrauben zu Effizienzsteigerung und mehr Orientierung an den Bedürfnissen von Patientinnen und Patienten. Die Politik der letzten Großen Koalition hat hier keinen Fortschritt gebracht. Im Gegenteil: Die GKV befindet sich sowohl ordnungs- wie versorgungspolitisch als auch finanziell in extrem schwierigem Fahrwasser. Die Ursachen für diese Entwicklung werden ebenso wie die Ankündigungen der neuen „Ampelkoalition“ zum versorgungspolitischen Aufbruch einer Analyse unterzogen.
Die Langzeitpflege nach der Wahl: Kommt sie nun, die „große Pflegereform“?
Authors: Schwinger Antje
Published: January 2022

Die Große Koalition vererbt der neuen Ampel-Regierung viele Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Arbeitsbedingungen in der Pflege und das Problem, dass Lohn- und Personalzuwachs weiterhin zu großen Teilen von den Pflegebedürftigen selbst getragen werden müssen. Die notwendige Neuausrichtung der Pflegeversicherung kann aber nur gelingen, wenn gleichfalls das Leistungsgeschehen mit dem Ziel einer bedarfs- und ortsunabhängigen Leistungsbemessung als auch die Steuerungsstrukturen in den Blick genommen werden.
The Eucharist and the Workings of Divine Presence
Authors: Aspray Silvianne
Published: January 2022

This chapter considers Vermigli’s critical and constructive contributions to the debates of his time on the Eucharist or Lord’s Supper. It argues that Vermigli’s rejection of transubstantiation is grounded in a more fundamental rejection of a mutual competition between finite and infinite agencies, which is indicative of a structure of causality in which infinite agency may operate through the mediation of finite causes. However, this participatory emphasis is undercut by the fact that the fundamental category by which he describes the relationship between God and the world in this context is spatial: nearness and distance. That Vermigli takes recourse to spatial terms in order to set apart God from the world (rather than different qualities of being) points to a univocal understanding of Divine and created being. The chapter therefore concludes that Vermigli’s Eucharistic theology implicitly displays both a participatory and a more univocal metaphysical framework at the same time.
Political Theology and the Workings of Authority
Authors: Aspray Silvianne
Published: January 2022

This chapter argues that the two focal points of authority in Vermigli’s political theology – the magistrate and the word of God – do not function in the same way. Rather, each presupposes a different metaphysical framework of being and causality. Vermigli teaches that magistrates mediate God’s power and authority. This mediation implies a participatory, hierarchical metaphysics in which God is not only the pre-eminent giver of power but also the source of being. However, this stands in contrast to the way Vermigli envisages the authority of the Word of God, where Vermigli maintains that God’s power needs no mediation. Implied in this denial, as this chapter argues, is a univocal understanding of being – quite in contrast to the structures of being implied in his theology of the magistrate.
Szymanowski, a Hafiz ‘Grablied’, and the ‘Translation’ of Nietzsche
Authors: Downes Stephen
Published: January 2022

Szymanowski’s two cycles of ‘Love Songs of Hafiz’ (1911 and 1914), settings of paraphrases by Hans Bethge, are often considered crucial steps in the composer’s shift from a style which openly displays its debts to Wagner and Strauss to a more personal idiom. He discovered Bethge’s Hafiz while tiring of the Straussian idiom but remaining an enthusiastic Nietzschean. Bethge’s translations of Hafiz offered Szymanowski a seductive vehicle for ‘translating’ what he wished to preserve of Nietzsche into the spirit of his new compositional style. The ‘Grablied’ was a particularly important idea in this creative re-thinking. In Nietzsche’s Zarathustra the ‘Grablied’ has a crucial function in overcoming past seductions (Wagner) and present enemies. Bethge’s poem, ‘Das Grab des Hafis’ is replete with echoes of Nietzsche. Szymanowski’s setting (1914), in the same key (B minor) as Strauss’s Zarathustra ‘Grablied’, introduces an ‘Urmotiv’ of exotic cut, as the musical equivalent of perfume rising from the grave. It offers distance from the style of Austro-German modernism while retaining transformed traces of its legacy. In this song Szymanowski ‘translates’ his ‘German’ musical idiom and key aspects of the Nietzschean ‘Grablied’ into a new language evocative of ‘Persian’ regeneration.
Whitman and Stevenson: Singing the Nation from Scotland to Sāmoa via Ohio and Hawai‘i
Authors: Sutton Emma
Published: January 2022

This chapter explores the role of song in the intermingled reception of Whitman’s and Robert Louis Stevenson’s work. The first section introduces Stevenson’s part in disseminating Whitman’s work in Polynesia, discussing Stevenson’s writings on Polynesian song and his friendships with Hawai’ian musicians King David Kalākaua and Queen Liliʻuokalani with whom he shared an interest in Whitman. It suggests the importance of song to their understandings of cultural authority and challenges to colonial influence. The second section considers several composers – including Ralph Vaughan Williams and Ernst Bacon – who set work by both Whitman and Stevenson, focusing particularly on James H. Rogers’ song cycle In Memoriam (1919). It considers the ways in which relationship between the two writers was constructed by these composers and their critics and explores the role of anthologising – whether in poetry anthologies or song cycles – in constructions of national identity and exoticism.
Conceptualising Disappearances in International Law
Authors: Frey Barbara A.
Published: January 2022

Enforced disappearance is one of the most serious crimes, prohibited across several regimes of international law, including human rights, humanitarian law and criminal law, yet Latin American governments and officials frequently avoid legal accountability for these violations. The dynamics of disappearances in post-transitional democracies call for a reconceptualisation of the international human rights framework, by reconsidering the meaning of state acquiescence. This chapter argues that a relevant and effective framework must embrace a contextual analysis and foreground the positive obligations of states to search and investigate these crimes, using generally accepted principles found in due diligence jurisprudence to measure the legal adequacy of the state’s responses to reported disappearances. Stretching the legal framework is necessary to disrupt the benefits of impunity, which violate the rights of victims, allow disappearances to thrive, and harm societies by hiding the truth.
Disappearances in Post-Transitional Argentina: A Challenge for Human Rights Interventions
Authors: Federman Natalia , Perelman Marcela , Comas Michelle Cañas , Chillier Gastón
Published: January 2022

This chapter aims to evaluate and share the knowledge gained on disappearances in Argentina from the period of State Terrorism to the democratic context. The widespread enforced disappearances that took place under State Terrorism, and the cases of police brutality and disappearances that have occurred since the democratic transition, have prompted the authors to consider the contrasts and the continuities from the dictatorship (1976-1983) to the present period of democratic rule. Disappearances continue to occur in which the state is involved in some way, but these do not meet the strict legal definition of enforced disappearances. They are the result of the lack of extensive institutional reforms and the continuity of bureaucratic designs since the dictatorship ended. By analysing the cases of disappearances of Luciano Arruga in 2009 and Santiago Maldonado in 2017, the chapter demonstrates that contemporary disappearances respond to logics and dynamics different from those that occurred under the state-driven plan designed to eliminate political opponents. The narrative that emerged from that earlier period shaped both the Inter-American and International systems’ norms outlawing, preventing and punishing the use of enforced disappearances. In the current post-transition era, the unexplained absence of someone who is especially vulnerable to unlawful police practices strikes a sensitive chord and echoes the painful past. The authors challenge human rights activists to consider ways to revise the international human rights framework to develop the legal tools to respond to these disappearances in which state agencies are involved but in a different manner than in the past.
‘Urgent Actions’ for the Search for Disappeared Persons in the Specialised Bodies of the United Nations
Authors: Huhle Rainer
Published: January 2022

The chapter discusses the urgent humanitarian interventions of the two bodies within the UN system dedicated to the protection of human rights related to the issue of (en)forced disappearance: The Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances (WGEID) and the Committee on Enforced Disappearance (CED). It explains the ‘urgent actions’ of both bodies in light of their respective origins and mandates and describes in detail the procedures, working methods and results of these ‘urgent actions’ that have become central to their work.
Forced Disappearances in the Inter-American Human Rights System
Authors: Serrano Sandra
Published: January 2022

The chapter explains the approach taken toward disappearances by the mechanisms that comprise the Inter-American System of Human Rights. Inter-American jurisprudence is a tool that is not only useful in litigation within the regional system but also constitutes a fundamental tool which can be adapted for domestic litigation and the construction of public policies in the countries in the region. The chapter argues that the institutional history of the Inter-American System has been shaped by victims and their families as well as by a human rights movement that was itself forged in the struggle against the gravest human rights violations of authoritarian regimes, which were often committed against political opponents. Today that system serves to respond to the new wave of disappearances in post-transitional contexts.
How to Create a Search Mechanism for Disappeared Persons: Lessons from Mexico
Authors: de Pina Ravest Volga
Published: January 2022

In this chapter, Volga de Pina analyses the principal characteristics of the search mechanism created in Mexico with the adoption of the 2017 General Law of Forced Disappearance of Persons, Disappearance committed by Private Parties, and the National System of Search for Persons. The 2017 General Law was the result of a long lobbying process by networks of relatives of disappeared persons, Mexican non-governmental organisations, experts, and international agencies, that participated directly in defining its contents. The model that emerged separates the search from criminal investigation and places emphasis on locating disappeared persons, the main priority of the relatives. With this mechanism, the state’s obligations related to search are widened. To accomplish that goal, new definitions of disappeared and missing persons, a National Search Commission and local commissions in thirty-two states in the country, and specific tools and coordination systems were developed. The design emerged directly out of relatives’ experiences in searching for their family members. The observations that de Pina makes about the process is based on her participation in the discussion of the General Law and her experiences as a member of the Council of Citizens who advised and supervised the mechanism.
Quantitative research of the effects of cooperative learning
Authors: Medar Jelena
Published: January 2022

Quantitative research of the effects of cooperative learning represents an important source of information for scientists in this area. So, the goal of our work is to look at the effects of quantitative research content published in referent international magazines in the 21st century (N=11), and review the advantages and weaknesses of the quantitative research method in concrete examples. For the purpose of this work we created the protocol for analyses, which we used to provide detailed review of the chosen research. We noticed that, within the effects of quantitative research cooperative learning, there were neglected important research questions which include effects of cooperative learning on emotional sphere of student's personality and the effects of cooperative learning in the context of digital technology. Based on the analysis characteristics method of the chosen quantitative research of the effects of cooperative learning, having in mind the advantages and weak sides of the quantitative method, we could notice a need for the effects of cooperative learning to use various research methods, which would provide complementary reviews in relation to the explored occurrence. Analysed content of the chosen quantitative researches of the effects of cooperative learning has opened important questions for the future scientists which include consideration of contribution of modern research compared to the earlier research in this area. Also, we recommend reviewing and analysing of modern quantitative research for the effects of cooperative learning.
Lady Chatterley, her Lover and their Room with a View: Modernist discourses on love and reality
Authors: Damljanović Nataša
Published: January 2022

The dawn of the 20th century in Britain witnessed changes in almost every aspect of women>s everyday lives. The emergence of the women's movement and a new generation of female professionals transformed the traditional patriarchal social structure. The present paper pursues two main goals. First, it shows how the novels Lady Chatterley's Lover and A Room with a View emerged from this social-historical moment in Britain. Since the novels depict the period before the Great War, they connect two periods in English history: Victorianism and Modernism, two different ways of living and two different approaches to moral principles. The protagonists of the novels, Connie, later lady Chatterley, and Lucy, personify the young and impressionable women of that era. Second, the focus is on the layers of interpretation/the codes of meaning that indicate the narrative interface: similarities in the novels' plots and their characters. They also reflect on the social divide that marked the period. The paper also shows that, according to the story, plot, and discourse of the novels, money and social status cannot substitute for the bindings of love.
The "ups" and "downs" of the upside-down: Constructivist and self-determined learning in the flipped classroom during COVID-19
Authors: Hadžiahmetović Nina
Published: January 2022

The flipped classroom method (FCM) is based on individual online learning followed by student-teacher group interactions and has shown some advantages over traditional learning even in the pre-COVID-19 pandemic context. FCM is conducive to the constructivist learning approach, characterized by active knowledge construction rather than passive consumption of predetermined concepts. Both approaches are expected to facilitate the satisfaction of the basic psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness as proposed by self-determination theory (SDT). Given the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, however, FCM has been imposed on many universities that lack the resources to take a constructivist approach and satisfy students' basic psychological needs. Considering the challenges of inverted teaching induced by the pandemic, this review paper aims to further address the following problems in an integrated theoretical framework: What are the pros and cons of the pandemic-constructed flipped classroom?; Is constructivist learning possible and to what extent during the pandemic?; How can a constructivist environment be created in the pandemic-constructed flipped classroom? Can the flipped classroom be used as a virtual mediator between the constructivist learning environment and students' basic psychological needs? More specifically, the purpose of this paper is to integrate constructivist learning within the flipped classroom method and to explore how constructivist learning may facilitate basic psychological needs through the characteristics of the flipped classroom. The paper proposes a conceptual framework of the constructivist environment associations with basic psychological needs through the perceived usefulness of technologymediated flipped classrooms. Specifically, it explores whether the communicative, instrumental, and pedagogical functions of the flipped classroom could help satisfy students' basic psychological needs. Challenges to the practical and empirical applications of the framework are discussed.
Teachers' perceived stress and experience in online teaching during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Beara Mirjana , Rakić-Bajić Gorana , Hinić Darko
Published: January 2022

Stress affects various aspects of human life and may also affect professional functioning of teachers. Research on attitudes towards digital/online teaching and learning has shown that the success of any online education depends upon the attitude of teachers towards online learning. Some studies before the pandemic showed that teachers, in comparison to other high-stress occupations, were reported as being the most stressed in regard to physical and psychological wellbeing. The aim of this pilot study is to investigate teachers' perceived stress and its relationship with attitudes towards online teaching and subjective online teaching overload during the early phase of COVID-19 pandemic. The online survey was performed during and immediately after the enforcement of lockdown measures in Vojvodina in spring 2020. The total sample included 64 teachers from primary and secondary schools (12.5% were class teachers), between 26 and 63 years of age. The subjective stress perception was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale, and a 19-item questionnaire was constructed for the assessment of attitudes towards online teaching. The perceived stress level was increased compared to the norms suggested by the scale author. Subjective overload with online teaching was significantly positively correlated with the perceived stress (r = .385, p <.01). Teachers did not report extremely positive or negative attitudes towards online teaching. Still, the attitude towards online teaching was significantly negatively correlated with the subjective overload with online teaching (r = - .294, p <.05). Results showed no significant correlation between the perceived stress and attitudes towards online teaching.
Delirium in the intensive care unit
Authors: Ratković Sanja , Rajković Marija , Hadžibegović Adi , Jovanović Nemanja , Dimić Nemanja , Stanisavljević Jovana
Published: January 2022

Delirium is not only a mental change but also a complex clinical syndrome with multiple pathophysiological changes. Delirium is an acute brain dysfunction accompanied by change or fluctuation of basal mental status, loss of attention with disorganized thinking, or altered level of consciousness. Although healthcare professionals realize the importance of recognizing delirium, it frequently goes unrecognized in the intensive care unit. Acute delirium is associated with increased mortality, morbidity, length of stay, and healthcare costs in intensive care units and hospitals. The consequences of delirium are long-term cognitive impairment, functional disability, post-discharge cognitive dysfunction, and institutionalization. Critical illness-related delirium can affect the diagnosis and treatment of primary diseases and disappears with the improvement of primary diseases. In the intensive care unit, delirium has been reported in 40% to 60% of non-ventilated patients and up to 50% to 80% of critically ill patients undergoing mechanical ventilation. Recent investigations have shown that delirium is preventable in 30-40% of cases. Available sedation and delirium monitoring instruments allow clinicians to recognize these forms of brain dysfunction. Multiple management strategies such as ABCDE, eCASH, and ESCAPE are helpful to prevent and treat delirium and improve the prognosis of critically ill patients.
Myomectomy during cesarean section
Authors: Sparić Radmila , Tomašević Đina , Anđić Mladen , Pupovac Miljan , Pavić Aleksandra , Likić-Lađević Ivana
Published: January 2022

Myomas (fibroids, leiomyomas) are the most common benign tumors of genital organs in women of reproductive age and represent a significant problem in women's health care. The frequency of cesarean section is higher in women with uterine fibroids. Absolute indications for myomectomy during caesarean section are: fibroids that prevent hysterotomy during caesarean section, impede uterine incision suture, hamper safe fetal extraction and cause uterine torsion. Relative indications for myomectomy during caesarean section are: subserous and pedunculated fibroids, anterior uterine wall fibroids, fibroids that can cause immediate perioperative, and puerperal complications, the patient's desire, fibroids that can cause complications in subsequent pregnancies, and fibroids that can be enucleated without additional hysterotomy. Myomectomy during caesarean section is a complex surgical procedure, associated with the possibility of considerable complications, and defining their actual frequency and risk factors for their occurrence requires further research. Myomectomy during caesarean section is associated with an increased risk of perioperative bleeding. Other perioperative complications of myomectomy during cesarean section are: disseminated intravascular coagulation, paralytic ileus, surgical site infections, sepsis, postoperative febrile morbidity, increased incidence of blood transfusions, and prolonged hospitalization.
La aparición del mercado capitalista y sus efectos sobre la agencia de la mujer. La pérdida de aura en Walter Benjamin
Authors: Valdés Lucas Alicia
Published: January 2022

Los procesos históricos suponen diferentes impactos a los diferentesagentes históricos. Los procesos que dieron forma al mercado capitalista neoliberalimpusieron al varón blanco heterosexual como único agente oficial de los procesos históricos.Esta imposición supuso la base para la construcción del actual sistema patriarcal.Este artículo se pregunta cómo estos procesos históricos afectaron a la mujer. Cómo laagencia femenina ha sido condicionada por el capitalismo. Este ensayo busca observarcómo los procesos de consumo y producción de masas han afectado a la construcciónde la agencia femenina durante el periodo del capitalismo temprano. La conclusióneste periodo necesitó condicionar la construcción de la agencia femenina mediante sutransformación en patrones de consumo y producción que satisfagan las necesidadesdel propio sistema capitalista.
Dominio y moral
Authors: Cueva Fernández Ricardo
Published: January 2022

La obra de Karl Marx ha sido objeto de examen en relación con su posible perspectiva ética. Los distintos académicos han divergido en gran manera en tal análisis, resultando que en unos supuestos se ha rechazado cualquier tipo de propósito normativo en Marx y en otros, en cambio, se ha destacado su fuerte compromiso moral. Para contrastar los resultados de unos y otros en sus investigaciones, el presente artículo ha hecho balance de los principales títulos, panfletos y volúmenes del pensador alemán a lo largo de toda su trayectoria, concluyendo que no disponía de ningún tipo de teoría normativa en su obra, pero que no por ello ha de deducirse inmoralismo alguno en su escritura. Por el contrario, en ella residen una serie de elementos fundamentales para entender su visión de la Historia y de la actuación humana en su seno.
Four aspects of arithmetic—a schematic plan
Authors: Boynton Holmes
Published: January 2022

The raw materials of mathematics arise from the problems of the physical world and are usually numbers. The finished products arc the solutions of problems.
Clara Janés. La poética cuántica o la física de la poesía
Authors: Gala Candelas
Published: January 2022

Este texto plantea la situación de las dos culturas elaborada por Charles Percy Snow en su conferencia de 1959 y elabora sobre la noción de la transdisciplinariedad como acercamiento metodológico a la poesía de Clara Janés, haciendo hincapié en la física como su referente analógico más frecuente. Los poemarios de Janés giran en torno a dos alternativas, la física clásica y sus certezas, causalidad y determinismo, por un lado, y la incertidumbre, indeterminismo e irreversibilidad de la física cuántica, por otro, alternativas articuladas en el texto en torno a las figuras de Erwin Schrödinger con el determinismo de su función de onda y Niels Bohr, arquitecto de la cuántica y de su principio de la complementariedad. El recurso poético de esta autora es mantenerse en el estado flotante de la paradoja cuántica para sostener el potencial creativo y evitar el colapso que, como sucede con la observación en la física cuántica, causaría la preferencia por una de las opciones.
El Feed Infinito: El potencial del webcómic en la máquina de memes
Authors: Gil Giménez Irene
Published: January 2022

A finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI, el webcómic se desarrolló de forma independiente al mercado editorial mediante productos diseñados específicamente para ser leídos online. El medio digital se configuró como un espacio único y revolucionario para la explotación de nuevas vías dentro del cómic, tal y como auguraban autores como Scott McCloud. No obstante, el fenómeno más popular ligado a las viñetas online ha acabado siendo el «meme», lejos de conceptos como el lienzo infinito y más cerca del debate sobre la reproductibilidad técnica de la imagen o la creación colectiva. De existir en rincones muy especializados de la red a recibir millones de interacciones en redes sociales, el webcómic se ha convertido en un fenómeno, pero no el que sus pioneros esperaban. El objetivo de este texto es analizar las características expresivas y narrativas intrínsecas del cómic digital que lo han convertido en el objeto viral por excelencia.
Power Paola, cotidianidad y turismo
Authors: Pérez-Zayas Iván
Published: January 2022

En sus novelas gráficas, la artista de cómics colombiana Paola Gaviria (alias Power Paola) centraliza la representación de los espacios locales» que ella visita durante sus muchos viajes por el mundo. Con la ciudad y la selva, autopistas o sendas, bodegas y ciénagas puestos en la mirilla, el arte de Gaviria desarticula las fronteras que separan los lugares que sus personajes ocupan, ya sean espacios turísticos u ordinarios. Lo que queda expuesto en su obra entonces es un espacio nacional en donde lo público—trastocado por las preocupaciones de interacciones privadas—carece de los estereotipos de identidad que dominaban la historieta de la primera mitad del siglo veinte. Este ensayo describe los procesos mencionados (centralización y desarticulación), para luego demostrar cómo la novela gráfica de temas cotidianos podría parecer ausente de una propuesta política, aunque propone formas alternativas de entender la condición neoliberal a partir de intervenciones identitarias a los espacio-tiempos de la región latinoamericana.
El Neotokio que nos prometieron
Authors: Parra Albarracín Enrique
Published: January 2022

Dos décadas antes de la elección de Tokio como sede para la realización de los 32º Juegos Olímpicos en 2020, el mangaka Katsushiro Otomo vaticinó que estos no llegarían a celebrarse en una de sus obras más icónicas «Akira». Tras las bombas de Hiroshima y Nagasaki, la destrucción y reconstrucción masiva ha marcado la línea creativa de numerosos artistas del país del sol naciente. El manga y el anime, como es denominado comúnmente el cómic japonés y su animación, dan buena cuenta de ello y muchas de sus obras más célebres se centran en esta cuestión, retratando de manera recurrente múltiples visiones catastrofistas de un Tokio futuro. Por tanto, este artículo pretende recorrer las calles de la capital japonesa analizando el retrato que los más célebres autores de manga y anime han hecho de la arquitectura y el urbanismo nipón desde una óptica retrofuturista y postapocalíptica.
José Luis Castro de Paz y Santos Zunzunegui (dirs.), Furia española. Vida, obra, opiniones y milagros de Luis García Berlanga (1921-2010), cineasta.
Authors: Pena Jaime
Published: January 2022

José Luis Castro de Paz y Santos Zunzunegui (dirs.), Furia española. Vida, obra, opiniones y milagros de Luis García Berlanga (1921-2010), cineasta. Valencia: Institut Valencià de Cultura; Madrid: Instituto de la Cinematografía y de las Artes Audiovisuales (Filmoteca Española), 2021, 2 volúmenes, 368 págs. y 388 págs. y un DVD.
Pilar Carrera y Carmen Ciller (eds.), Maternidades. Políticas de la representación
Authors: Menéndez Menéndez M. Isabel
Published: January 2022

Pilar Carrera y Carmen Ciller (eds.), Maternidades. Políticas de la representación. Madrid: Cátedra +Media, 2021, 237 págs.
Giulia Colaizzi (ed.), Cine, interculturalidad y políticas de género
Authors: Nahmad Rodrígez Ana Daniela
Published: January 2022

Giulia Colaizzi (ed.), Cine, interculturalidad y políticas de género. Madrid: Cátedra, Col. Signo e imagen, 2021, 192 págs.
Nicolas Levrat y Jenaro Talens, Quo vadis, Europa?
Authors: De la Fuente Manuel
Published: January 2022

Nicolas Levrat y Jenaro Talens, Quo vadis, Europa? Madrid: Cátedra, 2021, 243 págs.
Ángel López García-Molins, Repensar España desde sus lenguas.
Authors: Morant Giner María
Published: January 2022

Ángel López García-Molins, Repensar España desde sus lenguas. Barcelona: El Viejo topo, 2020, 176 págs.
Jaime Pena, El cine después de Auschwitz. Representaciones de la ausencia en el cine moderno y contemporáneo
Authors: Zumalde Imanol
Published: January 2022

Jaime Pena, El cine después de Auschwitz. Representaciones de la ausencia en el cine moderno y contemporáneo, Madrid, Cátedra, 2020, 368 págs.
Jordi Teixidor, Hemos venido a no ver. Conversaciones con Agar Contiñas
Authors: Contiñas Agar
Published: January 2022

Jordi Teixidor, Hemos venido a no ver. Conversaciones con Agar Contiñas, Madrid: Cátedra, Col. +Media, 2021, 74 págs.
Breaking antimicrobial resistance by disrupting extracytoplasmic protein folding
Authors: Furniss R Christopher D , Kaderabkova Nikol , Barker Declan , Bernal Patricia , Maslova Evgenia , Antwi Amanda AA , McNeil Helen E , Pugh Hannah L , Dortet Laurent , Blair Jessica MA , Larrouy-Maumus Gerald J , McCarthy Ronan R , Gonzalez Diego , Mavridou Despoina AI
Published: January 2022

Antimicrobial resistance in Gram-negative bacteria is one of the greatest threats to global health. New antibacterial strategies are urgently needed, and the development of antibiotic adjuvants that either neutralize resistance proteins or compromise the integrity of the cell envelope is of ever-growing interest. Most available adjuvants are only effective against specific resistance proteins. Here we demonstrate that disruption of cell envelope protein homeostasis simultaneously compromises several classes of resistance determinants. In particular, we find that impairing DsbA-mediated disulfide bond formation incapacitates diverse β-lactamases and destabilizes mobile colistin resistance enzymes. Furthermore, we show that chemical inhibition of DsbA sensitizes multidrug-resistant clinical isolates to existing antibiotics and that the absence of DsbA, in combination with antibiotic treatment, substantially increases the survival of Galleria mellonella larvae infected with multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. This work lays the foundation for the development of novel antibiotic adjuvants that function as broad-acting resistance breakers.
A novel and accurate full-length HTT mouse model for Huntington’s disease
Authors: Shenoy Sushila A , Zheng Sushuang , Liu Wencheng , Dai Yuanyi , Liu Yuanxiu , Hou Zhipeng , Mori Susumu , Tang Yi , Cheng Jerry , Duan Wenzhen , Li Chenjian
Published: January 2022

Here, we report the generation and characterization of a novel Huntington’s disease (HD) mouse model BAC226Q by using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) system, expressing full-length human HTT with ~226 CAG-CAA repeats and containing endogenous human HTT promoter and regulatory elements. BAC226Q recapitulated a full-spectrum of age-dependent and progressive HD-like phenotypes without unwanted and erroneous phenotypes. BAC226Q mice developed normally, and gradually exhibited HD-like psychiatric and cognitive phenotypes at 2 months. From 3 to 4 months, BAC226Q mice showed robust progressive motor deficits. At 11 months, BAC226Q mice showed significant reduced life span, gradual weight loss and exhibited neuropathology including significant brain atrophy specific to striatum and cortex, striatal neuronal death, widespread huntingtin inclusions, and reactive pathology. Therefore, the novel BAC226Q mouse accurately recapitulating robust, age-dependent, progressive HD-like phenotypes will be a valuable tool for studying disease mechanisms, identifying biomarkers, and testing gene-targeting therapeutic approaches for HD.
Shallow neural networks trained to detect collisions recover features of visual loom-selective neurons
Authors: Zhou Baohua , Li Zifan , Kim Sunnie , Lafferty John , Clark Damon A
Published: January 2022

Animals have evolved sophisticated visual circuits to solve a vital inference problem: detecting whether or not a visual signal corresponds to an object on a collision course. Such events are detected by specific circuits sensitive to visual looming, or objects increasing in size. Various computational models have been developed for these circuits, but how the collision-detection inference problem itself shapes the computational structures of these circuits remains unknown. Here, inspired by the distinctive structures of LPLC2 neurons in the visual system of Drosophila, we build anatomically-constrained shallow neural network models and train them to identify visual signals that correspond to impending collisions. Surprisingly, the optimization arrives at two distinct, opposing solutions, only one of which matches the actual dendritic weighting of LPLC2 neurons. Both solutions can solve the inference problem with high accuracy when the population size is large enough. The LPLC2-like solutions reproduces experimentally observed LPLC2 neuron responses for many stimuli, and reproduces canonical tuning of loom sensitive neurons, even though the models are never trained on neural data. Thus, LPLC2 neuron properties and tuning are predicted by optimizing an anatomically-constrained neural network to detect impending collisions. More generally, these results illustrate how optimizing inference tasks that are important for an animal’s perceptual goals can reveal and explain computational properties of specific sensory neurons.
Structural basis of Plasmodium vivax inhibition by antibodies binding to the circumsporozoite protein repeats
Authors: Kucharska Iga , Hossain Lamia , Ivanochko Danton , Yang Qiren , Rubinstein John L , Pomès Régis , Julien Jean-Philippe
Published: January 2022

Malaria is a global health burden, with Plasmodium falciparum (Pf) and Plasmodium vivax (Pv) responsible for the majority of infections worldwide. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) is the most abundant protein on the surface of Plasmodium sporozoites, and antibodies targeting the central repeat region of CSP can prevent parasite infection. Although much has been uncovered about the molecular basis of antibody recognition of the PfCSP repeats, data remains scarce for PvCSP. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for peptides comprising the PvCSP repeats from strains VK210 and VK247 to reveal how the PvCSP central repeats are highly disordered, with minor propensities to adopt turn conformations. Next, we solved eight crystal structures to unveil the interactions of two inhibitory monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), 2F2 and 2E10.E9, with PvCSP repeats. Both antibodies can accommodate subtle sequence variances in the repeat motifs and recognize largely coiled peptide conformations that also contain isolated turns. Our structural studies uncover various degrees of Fab-Fab homotypic interactions upon recognition of the PvCSP central repeats by these two inhibitory mAbs, similar to potent mAbs against PfCSP. These findings augment our understanding of host-Plasmodium interactions and contribute molecular details of Pv inhibition by mAbs to unlock structure-based engineering of PvCSP-based vaccines.
Therapeutic targeting of ARID1A and PI3K/AKT pathway alterations in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Tessiri Supharada , Techasen Anchalee , Kongpetch Sarinya , Namjan Achira , Loilome Watcharin , Chan-on Waraporn , Thanan Raynoo , Jusakul Apinya
Published: January 2022

Background

Genetic alterations in ARID1A were detected at a high frequency in cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Growing evidence indicates that the loss of ARID1A expression leads to activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway and increasing sensitivity of ARID1A-deficient cells for treatment with the PI3K/AKT inhibitor. Therefore, we investigated the association between genetic alterations of ARID1A and the PI3K/AKT pathway and evaluated the effect of AKT inhibition on ARID1A-deficient CCA cells.

Methods

Alterations of ARID1A, PI3K/AKT pathway-related genes, clinicopathological data and overall survival of 795 CCA patients were retrieved from cBio Cancer Genomics Portal (cBioPortal) databases. The association between genetic alterations and clinical data were analyzed. The effect of the AKT inhibitor (MK-2206) on ARID1A-deficient CCA cell lines and stable ARID1A-knockdown cell lines was investigated. Cell viability, apoptosis, and expression of AKT signaling were analyzed using an MTT assay, flow cytometry, and Western blots, respectively.

Results

The analysis of a total of 795 CCA samples revealed that ARID1A alterations significantly co-occurred with mutations of EPHA2 (p < 0.001), PIK3CA (p = 0.047), and LAMA1 (p = 0.024). Among the EPHA2 mutant CCA tumors, 82% of EPHA2 mutant tumors co-occurred with ARID1A truncating mutations. CCA tumors with ARID1A and EPHA2 mutations correlated with better survival compared to tumors with ARID1A mutations alone. We detected that 30% of patients with PIK3CA driver missense mutations harbored ARID1A-truncated mutations and 60% of LAMA1-mutated CCA co-occurred with truncating mutations of ARID1A. Interestingly, ARID1A-deficient CCA cell lines and ARID1A-knockdown CCA cells led to increased sensitivity to treatment with MK-2206 compared to the control. Treatment with MK-2206 induced apoptosis in ARID1A-knockdown KKU-213A and HUCCT1 cell lines and decreased the expression of pAKTS473 and mTOR.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a dependency of ARID1A-deficient CCA tumors with the activation of the PI3K/AKT-pathway, and that they may be more vulnerable to selective AKT pathway inhibitors which can be used therapeutically.
Filtered mud improves sugarcane growth and modifies the functional abundance and structure of soil microbial populations
Authors: Abubakar Ahmad Yusuf , Ibrahim Muhammed Mustapha , Zhang Caifang , Tayyab Muhammad , Fallah Nyumah , Yang Ziqi , Pang Ziqin , Zhang Hua
Published: January 2022

Background

Exploring high-quality organic amendments has been a focus of sustainable agriculture. Filtered mud (FM), a sugar factory waste derived from sugarcane stems, could be an alternative organic amendment for sugarcane production. However, the effects of its application proportions on soil fertility, nutrient cycling, structure of soil bacterial and fungal communities, and the growth of sugarcane in clay-loam soils remain unexplored.

Methods

Three application proportions of FM: (FM1-(FM: Soil at 1:4), FM2-(FM: Soil at 2:3), and FM3-(FM: Soil at 3:2)) were evaluated on sugarcane growth and soil nutrient cycling. High throughput sequencing was also employed to explore soil microbial dynamics.

Results

We observed that FM generally increased the soil’s nutritional properties while improving NO3− retention compared to the control, resulting in increased growth parameters of sugarcane. Specifically, FM1 increased the concentration of NH4+−N, the N fraction preferably taken up by sugarcane, which was associated with an increase in the plant height, and more improved growth properties, among other treatments. An increase in the proportion of FM also increased the activity of soil nutrient cycling enzymes; urease, phosphatase, and β-glucosidase. High throughput sequencing revealed that FM reduced the diversity of soil bacteria while having insignificant effects on fungal diversity. Although increasing FM rates reduced the relative abundance of the phyla Proteobacteria, its class members, the Gammaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria containing some N-cycling related genera, were stimulated. Also, FM stimulated the abundance of beneficial and lignocellulose degrading organisms. These included the bacterial phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, Chloroflexi, and the fungal phylum Ascomycota. The distribution of the soil microbial community under FM rates was regulated by the changes in soil pH and the availability of soil nutrients. Since FM1 showed more promise in improving the growth properties of sugarcane, it could be more economical and sustainable for sugarcane production in clay-loam soils.