bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
School Heads’ Leadership Styles of Public Schools, Sub-Congressional District III, Bohol
Authors: Boniao Ronald R. , Alpuerto Maribeth Dusal , Sales Elijah L.
Published: October 2021

This research study aimed to identify the school heads' profiles and the association between the self-assessed and teacher-assessed school heads' leadership styles. It was tested on the 35 school heads and 315 public school teachers in the districts of Dimiao, Lila, Sevilla, Loboc, and Loay. It used a quantitative standardized survey instrument to determine the school heads' leadership styles. Findings revealed that school heads were mostly 41 to 60 years old, mainly female, mostly married, most had MA units, had Principal 1 designation, and had been in the service for 11 to 15 years. As assessed by the school heads themselves and the teachers, the majority of school leaders were going through a transition phase as to leadership styles, with a few using delegative and authoritarian styles, and none applying the participative style. Results revealed significant relationships between the self-assessed leadership styles and age and civil status, while statistically insignificant results in the relationship between the leadership styles and sex, educational attainment, designation, and length of service. As to the teacher-assessed leadership styles and the school heads' profiles, the relationships were statistically insignificant. Furthermore, there was no association between the self-assessed and the teacher-assessed school heads' leadership styles.
Classroom Performance and Ancillary Functions Among Secondary School Teachers in the Third District of Bohol
Authors: Salise Sherlito D. , Sales Elijah L. , Belgira Katrina A.
Published: October 2021

Classroom performance is measured through classroom observation, both announced and unannounced. Ancillary functions are additional responsibilities other than the mandated teaching load mandated by the department manual. The study looked into classroom performance and ancillary functions among secondary school teachers in the 3rd district of Bohol. It also determined if a correlation exists between the two variables. It utilized the descriptive-normative method with a survey tool to gather data from administrators, coordinators, and faculty among selected secondary public and private schools in the 3rd congressional district, Bohol. Overall, there was a 440-sample size from a 505 population with a 1.68 margin of error at a 95 percent confidence interval. It used frequencies, percentages, weighted mean, and nonparametric statistical treatment utilizing Spearman Rho, Fisher’s Exact Test, Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient, and Paired Sample Test. Freidman Test of Difference. Findings revealed that the overall performance in announced observation was “Outstanding” while unannounced observations were rated “Satisfactory.” Results revealed that teachers were partially involved in ancillary functions. A significant correlation was found between each of the nine indicators of classroom performance and the level of ancillary functions. Hence, when the given indicators of classroom performance are leveled up, the teachers are more likely to be engaged in ancillary functions. Teacher respondents in private schools obtained higher ratings in unannounced classroom observations.
Effect of organic manures and bio-fertilizers on vegetative and floral traits of Chrysanthemum cultivars
Authors: Kaur Ravinder , Bajpay Anurag
Published: October 2021

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of manures and biofertilizers on three cultivars of chrysanthemum with two factor Randomized Block Design (RBD) replicated thrice, at Horticulture Research Farm of the RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh (Punjab). Various growth and flowering parameters were observed i.e. plant height at 45 days (cm), number of branches, number of suckers, days taken to first colour shown, days to full bloom, Flowering duration, number of flower per plant, number of cut stem per plant, diameter of flower (cm), flower weight (g), yield of flower per plant (g), yield of flower per hectare (q) for enhance farmers income. The results revealed that T7 (Vermicompost 5t/ha + PSB + Azotobacter) taken maximum plant height at 45 days (50.77 cm), respectively, maximum number of branches (5.14), number of suckers (9.99). Probing further, in floral parameters and yield, minimum number of days to first colour shown (65.90), days to full bloom (84.22) was observed in T7(Vermicompost 5t/ha + PSB + Azotobacter). Whereas, maximum flowering duration (32.87), number of flower per plant (40.22), number of cut stem per plant (6.88), diameter of flower (7.14 cm), flower weight (4.62 g), yield of flower per plant (186.13 g), yield of flower per hectare (167.515 q) was recorded in T7. Treatment combination of Vermicompost 5t/ha + PSB + Azotobacter performed as best result treatment for foliage and floral growth inchrysanthemum.
Delineating the dynamics of growth and instability of different Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP’s) in Gujarat
Authors: Chaudhari Anjali S. , Khunt K.A. , Chaudhari Viralkumar P. , Chetariya C.P.
Published: October 2021

The importance of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) and its contribution to rural livelihoods and alleviating rural poverty is well known in Gujarat and emerging as the source of income for the rural poor. Therefore, promotion of Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) species, therefore, the present study aimed at to examine the growth rates and instability of different forest products. The secondary data on quantity and value of different wood and non-wood products from the year 1996-97 to 2017-18 were compiled from published sources. The results revealed that quantity of Mahuda flowers and Honey increased significantly while majority of NTFPs found to be decreased but it is statistically non-significant during overall period. Instability indices of both quantity as well as value of NTFPs found to be higher during overall period. The quantity of teak timber significantly increased in Valsad circle but it significantly decreased in Ahmedabad circle, while change in value found to be nonsignificant in all circles during overall period because of irregular and timely non-availability of NTFPs.
Yield, water use efficiency and crop co-efficient of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) grown under greenhouse and open field condition
Authors: Arunadevi K. , Ashok A.D. , Sujitha E.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted with Chitra variety of cucumber at Agricultural Engineering College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Kumulur in the year 2019-2020. The cucumber seeds were sown under greenhouse and open field condition under drip irrigation system. The micro climatic parameters like maximum and minimum temperature, relative humidity, light intensity were observed. Cucumber plant growth parameters, yield parameters and water use efficiency were recorded. Early flowering and fruit formation (32 days after sowing) was noticed inside greenhouse condition and fruit formation was noticed 40 days after sowing in out-side cultivation. The average length of the fruit was found 20.5 cm inside greenhouse and 17.6 cm for outside cultivation of cucumber. A maximum yield of 11.6 t/ha was recorded inside greenhouse cultivation whereas 7.84 t/ha was recorded for outside cultivation of cucumber. The water use efficiency of 25.7 kg/ha. mm was obtained under green house cultivation whereas water use efficiency of 16.70 kg/ha.mm was recorded in open field cultivation. The crop co-efficient value of 0.67, 0.87, 1.12 and 0.89 were developed for initial, developmental, middle and end stages of crop growth period for open field cultivation. Similarly crop co-efficient value of 0.63, 0.82, 1.05 and 0.88 were developed for initial, developmental, middle and end stages of crop growth period for polyhouse condition of semi arid region.
Effect of oil cake extract and organic manure on wilt of chickpea (Cicer areitinum L.) caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri in vitro
Authors: Shrivastava Ashish
Published: October 2021

Studies were conducted to test the effect of oil cakes and organic manures on the growth of wilt pathogen under in vitro conditions. The extract of different oil cakes and organic manures were tested against F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceri by poisoned food techniques in vitro. Least growth of pathogen was recorded in extracts of Neem cake showing excellent inhibitory effect of 70.87 percent reduction over control. Next best in order of mustard cake (65.36 %), linseed (62.99%), groundnut (53.36%) and least by other. Among the organic manures tested, vermi compost and FYM showed maximum growth inhibition of 35.95 and 30.62 percent over control, respectively.
Bioefficacy of fungicides and bioagents against Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot in maize
Authors: Charde U.M. , Shinde V.S. , Dhonde S.R.
Published: October 2021

In recent years Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of maize is more problematic in maize growing parts of Maharashtra. Present investigation was taken on evaluation of fungicides and bio-agents against M. phaseolina under laboratory condition and pot culture. Under laboratory condition, nine fungicides and six bio- agents were evaluated against M. phaseolina by poison food technique and dual culture method, respectively. Among fungicides Carbendazim 63 % + Mancozeb 12% and Carbendazim alone recorded maximum inhibition of (100 %) mycelial growth. Among the bio-agents tested Trichoderma harzianum was found more effective as compared to other bio-control agents and inhibited maximum fungal growth (63.33 %) of M. phaseolina. Under pot culture study, as soil application and seed treatment, among the fungicides, carbendazim + Mancozeb was found most effective. However, among bioagents Trichoderma harzianum was remarkably manage the charcoal rot.
Characterization of radish leaf protein concentrates for biochemical, functional properties, antioxidant activity, mineral content and microbial stability
Authors: Kaur G. , Bhatia S.
Published: October 2021

Leaf protein concentrate was extracted from radish leaves using heat coagulation and analyzed for its antioxidant capacity, mineral content, functional properties and microbial stability. Radish leaf protein concentrates (RLPC) constituted 48.3 % protein content and a yield of 38.51% (DW). Glutelins (42.27 %), prolamins (29.07%) and albumins (19.32 %) were found to be three major fractions of protein concentrate, while globulins (9.38%) was a minor component and their apparent molecular weights ranged between 12-60 kDa. Antioxidant activities (FRAP, ABTS and DPPH ) were higher in RLPC as compared to the isolated fractions. Among fractions, globulins and prolamins exhibited highest DPPH and FRAP activity while highest ABTS activity was associated with glutelins, respectively. Functional properties viz., water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability of the RLPC were 545, 347, 51.8 and 49.4%, respectively. The maximum solubility of RLPC was observed at pH 12 (44.64%) and the minimum solubility was observed at pH 4 (28.24%). A considerable amount of minerals were present in the RLPC, Ca and Fe being the most abundant. Microbial load of RLPC remained in acceptable limits up to 35 and 21 days of storage under refrigerated and ambient conditions, respectively. These results indicated that LPC have desirable functional properties, a considerable mineral content, high antioxidant activity and sufficient microbial stability. Thus they could be used as a functional ingredient to be incorporated in food products to supplement diet and combat protein deficiency.
Survey for incidence and severity of grain discolouration of paddy in northern parts of Karnataka
Authors: Yadahalli K.B. , Konnur Jyoti A.
Published: October 2021

A roving survey was conducted in major paddy growing areas of northern parts of Karnataka. A total five districts viz., Belagavi, Dharwad, Haveri, Koppal and Uttara Kannada were surveyed during Kharif 2017 to record the severity and incidence of grain discolouration. In all the areas surveyed, rice was grown in black and red soils under both irrigated and rainfed condition. During the survey the disease was observed at early grain filling to maturity stage. The disease severity ranged from 06.66 to 26.23 PDI and per cent disease incidence ranged from 12.21 to 46.66 per cent. The maximum severity (26.23 %) and per cent incidence (46.66 %) was recorded in Medleri village of Ranebennur taluk on Haveri district. The minimum severity (06.66 %) and per cent incidence (15.19 %) was recorded in Gundenhatti village of Khanapur taluk on Belagvi district. The maximum disease severity and incidence was observed in black soil under irrigated conditions during maturity stage.
Pathogens associated with grain discolouration and their management in paddy (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Yadahalli K.B. , Konnur Jyoti A.
Published: October 2021

Grain discoloration complex disease of rice is an emerging threat to rice crop all over the world and it acquires particular importance as it results in qualitative loss of harvested crop. So the present study was carried out to identify different fungi associated with disease and their management. The discoloured seed samples were collected from different farmer’s field during survey. Totally seven fungi including both saprophytic as well as pathogenic were isolated and identified from both blotter and potato dextrose agar method viz., Curvularia lunata (36.30 %), Helminthosporium oryzae (25.6 %), Fusarium moniliformae (19.6 %), Colletotrichum gloeosporioids (8.1 %) and Alternaria spp. (7.01 %) were predominantly associated with discoloured paddy seeds. Other saprophytic fungi like Aspergillus spp. (16.6 %) and Rhizopus spp. (12.1 %) were frequently observed. Similarly among the eleven treatment including control, seed treatment with carbendazim 50 WP (2 g kg-1) with two sprays of tebuconazole 250 EC at 0.1 per cent concentration and tricyclazole 18 % + mancozeb 62 % WP at 0.2 per cent first spray during flowering stage and second spray during 15 days after first spray reducing discoloured panicle by 61.46 per cent and 59.92 per cent, respectively.
Energetic and exergetic analysis of solar photovoltaicthermoelectric generator hybrid system
Authors: Mertia Parul , Kothari Surendra , Panwar N.L.
Published: October 2021

The objective of present study is to determine the energy and exergy performance of the developedSolar Photovoltaic- Thermoelectric generator hybrid system. The experimental setup was examined under Udaipur climatic conditions (24°352 73 N; 73°422 453 E). The hybrid systems convert sunlight into electric power by the PV module and then utilize the rest thermal energy by the TEG module. Based on the first law of thermodynamics, the energy analysis is used to evaluate the output performance of the hybrid system. And the output electric power of the hybrid system is calculated. Moreover, the second law of thermodynamics is applied to the exergy analysis of the hybrid system. The exergy losses caused by the irreversible process of solar radiation converted into electric power and thermal energy are evaluated. The calculation results demonstrate that exergy of system follows the incident solar radiation and most of the input exergy has been lost at output with maximum losses occur when solar radiations are converted into heat.
Management of powdery mildew of linseed by using plant defence inducers
Authors: Parbat J.M. , Nair Beena , Katore J.R. , Bhure S.S. , Rananaware Shilpa
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted during Rabi 2019-2020 at AICRP on Linseed and Mustard College of Agriculture Nagpur to study the impact of plant defence inducers product on disease control in linseed. Among the ten different treatment tested the standard check hexaconazole (0.1%) followed by Seed treatment with salicylic Acid at 100 ppm + Foliar spray of sodium propionate (1%) was found most effective in minimizing the severity of powdery mildew 25.68 % and 29.39% respectively and significantly superior. Seed treatment with salicylic Acid at 50 ppm + Foliar spray of sodium propionate (1%) and Seed treatment with salicylic Acid at 100 ppm + Foliar spray of salicylic acid at 100 ppm and were remain at par with each other in reducing the disease intensity over control (62.90%). Maximum seed yield 1334 kg/ha was obtained with hexaconazole (0.1%) followed by Seed treatment with salicylic Acid at 100 ppm + Foliar spray of sodium propionate (1%) (1210 kg/ha).The highest ICBR (5.68) was recorded with hexaconazole (0.1%) i.e. 8.87 followed by Seed treatment with salicylic Acid at 100 ppm + Foliar spray of sodium propionate(1%).
Investment feasibility analysis of dragon fruit farming
Authors: Kikon Pithunglo L. , Kashyap Dipanjan , Choudhury Jharna , Devi H. Aisolia , Devi Rajkumari R.
Published: October 2021

Dragon fruit is a climbing cacti and a new introduction in India, also known as ‘The wondrous fruit of the 21st Century’ due to its neutraceutical properties. The study was conducted in Dream Dragon Fruit Farm in Nagaland state of India. To estimate the economics of the farm, investment feasibility analysis was performed. The Net Present Value was found positive (Rs. 2,08,29,478.00), which indicates worthy investment of the proprietor. Benefit Cost Ratio was also greater than 1 (2.04), which also favours the investment. Internal Rate of Return of 11.78 clearly indicates a sound financial position of Dream Dragon Fruit Farm and hence the liabilities of the farm could be met easily during any unexpected closure in future. There is a wide scope in taking up dragon fruit farming and with proper Government intervention can lead to massive success for the farmers and a boon for the whole country.
Principal component analyses in mungbean genotypes under summer season
Authors: Tiwari Priya , Sharma Stuti
Published: October 2021

Yield is a complex trait subjective to several components and environmental factors. Therefore, it becomes necessary to apply such technique which can identify and prioritize the key traits to lessen the number of traits for valuable selection and genetic gain. Principal component analysis is primarily a renowned data reduction technique which identifies the least number of components and explain maximum variability, it also rank genotypes on the basis of PC scores. PCA was calculated using Ingebriston and Lyon (1985) method. In present study, PCA performed for phenological and yield component traits presented that out of thirteen, only five principal components (PCs) exhibited more than 1.00 eigen value, and showed about 80.28 per cent of total variability among the traits. Scree plot explained the percentage of variance associated with each principal component obtained by illustrating a graph between eigen values and principal component numbers. PC1 showed 26.12 per cent variability with eigen value 3.40. Graph depicted that the maximum variation was observed in PC1 in contrast to other four PCs. The PC1 was further associated with the phenological and yield attributing traits viz., number of nodes per plant, number of pod cluster per plant, number of pod per plant. PC2 exhibited positive effect for harvest index. The PC3 was more related to yield related traits i.e., number of seeds per pod, number of seeds per plant and biological yield per plant, whereas PC4 was more loaded with phenological traits. PC5 was further related to yield and yield contributing traits i.e. number of primary branches per plant, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight. A high value of PC score of a particular genotype in a particular PC denotes high value for those variables falling under that specific principal component. Pusa Vishal found in PC 2, in PC 3, PC 4 and PC 5, can be considered as an ideal breeding material for selection and for further deployment in defined breeding programme.
Traditional pineapple production: Scope for scale up to enhance farmers’ income
Authors: Devi Rajkumari Rameshori , Kashyap Dipanjan , Devi H. Aisolia , Choudhury Jharna , Kikon Pithunglo L.
Published: October 2021

Pineapple is one of the most important horticultural crops in Manipur. The present study was conducted in Senapati, Churachandpur and Imphal West districts of Manipur. The pineapple production was recorded highest in Senapati district, followed by Churachandpur district. Traditionally the farmers use to market their produce for fresh consumption at nearby markets; however with increase in the establishment of small and medium scale processing industries the new marketing channels has evolved in the state. Four important marketing channels have been identified for the trade of pineapples, out of which channel comprising of Farmer – Lalonbi/ Women trader – Retailer was found as the most dominant through which about 64 per cent of the pineapple moved. The average farm productivity and returns to pineapple growers remain low for past few decades due to many bottlenecks. Emerging processing industry in the state will help the farmers in increasing the shelf life of the produce. Moreover, there is a need to develop infrastructural facilities, especially in remote production areas, so that the produce could be reached the market immediately after harvest. Practicing mix cropping could be a big boost among the traditional farmers of the state in the days to come.
Economic empowerment of rural women through food processing
Authors: Yadav Rashmee , Singh Brij Vikash
Published: October 2021

Rural women can play a significant role by their effectual and competent involvement in entrepreneurial activities. They have basic indigenous knowledge, skill and potential and resources to establish and manage enterprise. Income generating activities are effective instrument of social and economic development to generate employment for a number of farm women within their own social system and best tool for rural women as it adds to the family income. Women are backbone of any nation. Prosperity of the nation depends upon the prosperity of its women. Entrepreneurship is one of the ways for empowerment of women especially in rural areas and hence, promotion of women entrepreneurs is focused highly by the Government. Te food processing is one of the efforts initiated to promote value addition of fruits and vegetables especially for the unemployed, both men and women of the state. It focuses on need based short term skill training where participants learn from hands on training/ practices. The present study was undertaken to find out usefulness of fruits and vegetables preservation, milk and milk products training programme organized under rural youth training for self employment by the rural women. The study was conducted in Auraiya district of Uttar Pradesh. The sample consisted of 20 women participants each training programmes. The data was collected through personal interview technique using interview schedule. Frequency and percentage were calculated for analyzing the data. The results indicated that the fruits and vegetables preservation training perceived as good and increased their knowledge, skill and efficiency about fruits and vegetables preservation.
Standardization of field conditions and time of sowing on nursery growth of Asparagus racemosus Willd under mid hills conditions of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Thakur Usha , Sood Meenu , Rani Jadhav
Published: October 2021

For successful introduction and cultivation of the plant in a new region, the knowledge about the parameters related to the planting material and its growth in that region is very important viz., time of sowing, conditions of growth etc. Keeping in mind the basic requirements and the need to introduce the Asparagus racemosus Willd. from the tropical region to mid hill conditions, the experiment was conducted in the experimental farm of department of Forest Products, College of Forestry, Dr. Y. S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan which falls under mid hill zone of Himachal Pradesh. Seeds were sown under open and protected conditions from March month upto July in growing media (Soil + Cocopeat + Vermicompost (1:1:1)) and observation were recorded after 60 days of seed sowing. It was revealed that maximum germination percentage (31.33), maximum seedling shoot (23.13 cm) and root length (11.10 cm) was recorded during May month under protected conditions. There was 840.84%, 539.73% and 205.79% increase over control in emergence percentage, shoot length and root length, respectively.
Assessment of soil micro flora in rice-wheat cropping system through continuous and rotational herbicide applications
Authors: Parshad Jagdish , Yadav Dharam Bir , Punia Satbir Singh , Singh Kuldeep , Singh Baljeet
Published: October 2021

A long term experiment was conducted at CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Regional Research Station, Uchani (Karnal), India. Assessment of fix and rotational herbicides with and without green manure on the microbial population were studied in wheat crop during 2017-18. The treatments included fix/continuous herbicide (Clodinafop) and rotational herbicide (Sulfosulfuron) to control weeds along with weed free and weedy checks. Rhizosphere samples of wheat were collected from different plots of fixed and rotational herbicides treated soil to assess the total bacterial count, phosphate solubilizing microorganisms, actinobacteria, fungi and free-living diazotrophs. Weed free and weedy check served as check (control) for total microbial populations in the soil. Initially, herbicidal application showed negative effect on the soil microbes but retain the number later on as compared to weedy check under both conditions. But the effects of the herbicides on the micro flora in soil could be nullified through green manure.
Response of niger (Guizotia abyssinica) to different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur
Authors: Bora P. , Bora P. C. , Kurmi K. , Kalita S.
Published: October 2021

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) Farm, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat during Rabi seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18 to study the response of niger to different levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium as well as sulphur on growth, yield and oil content of niger. The experiment was laid out in Factorial Randomized Block Design with three replications. The treatments comprised of three NPK levels viz., F1 (20-10-10 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), F2 (25-12.5- 12.5 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1), F3 (30-15-15 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and three S levels viz., S1 (no sulphur), S2 (10 kg S ha-1), S3 (20 kg S ha-1). Application of F3 (30-15-15 kg N-P2O5-K2O ha-1) and S3 (20 kg S ha-1) recorded maximum and significantly higher seed yield (q ha-1), oil content (%), oil yield (q ha-1) as well as growth and yield attributing parameters viz., plant height, number of leaves plant-1, number of branches plant-1, number of capitulum plant-1 and number of seeds capitulum-1 during both the years. Test weight was not influenced significantly during both the years. Interaction effects of NPK (F) and sulphur (S) were found to be not significant in respect of growth and yield attributing characters in both the years. In case of seed yield (q ha-1) and oil yield (q ha-1) interaction effect were found to be significant in both the years.The highest gross return (Rs. 23,905.00 in 2016-17 and Rs. 22,400.00 in 2017-18) and net return (Rs. 11,184.86 in 2016-17 and Rs. 9679.86 in 2017-18) were recorded by F3S3 in both the years. In case of benefit-cost ratio, the higher value (1.88 and 1.76, respectively) was recorded with F3S3 during 2016-17 and 2017-18.
A study on livelihood security of rehabilitant farmers
Authors: Binkadakatti Jagadajyoti
Published: October 2021

This research analyzed the livelihood security of the rehabilitant farmers of Upper Krishna Project Area (UKP). The present investigation was undertaken in Upper Krishna Project (UKP) area of Bagalkot district, Karnataka state. Livelihood Security of the rehabilitant farmers was analyzed by considering five components viz., natural, physical, financial, human and social capital. All the rehabilitant farmers covering 176 villages and 136 rehabilitation centres spread over in Bagalkot, Bijapur, Belgaum, Gulbarga and Raichur districts under UKP form the population for the study. The present study depicted that Livelihood Security of the rehabilitant farmers was found to be 54.66 per cent. Natural capital of the rehabilitant farmers was found to be the lowest among all the capitals. Social capital performed moderately among the components of the livelihood security. Rehabilitant farmers residing closer, moderately and far away from the District Head Quarter (DHQ) also analyzed. Further study revealed that relatively higher Livelihood Security of 58.58 per cent was observed among the closely distanced rehabilitant farmers from the DHQ. Most of the rehabilitant farmers (35.00%) residing closer to DHQ belonged to high Livelihood Security category.
Earthwork and cost estimation of SWC structures using ICT application
Authors: Patel A. , Hasabnis P.G. , Kolhe P.R. , Bhange H.N. , Tharkar M.H. , Bansode P.B. , Ayare B.L. , Dharaskar R.M.
Published: October 2021

Today’s world is of information technology (IT), so it has become extremely necessary to keep everything in touch with computers i.e., everything is computerized to save are time and efforts. Thus, it’s become very necessary to stay in-tuned with computers. The impact of the information communication technology (ICT) on each sector of the life across the past two-three decades has been enormous. Now-a-day’s online system has much more importance and widely used in every sector. It additionally saves our work. In the Agriculture field, it is important to provide ICT tools in varies field to make easy and very fast calculations of Earthwork and Cost Estimation of SWC Structures. The farms are being developed and digitalization is takes placed. This paper highlights how to calculate the earthwork and cost estimation of Soil and Water Conservation Structure easily with the help of ICT tool and save time.
Natural regeneration of flora in cultivated sandalwood
Authors: Srikantaprasad D. , Gowda A.P. Mallikarjuna , Pushpa T.N. , Umesha K.
Published: October 2021

Sandalwood is now became a component of agro forestry in Karnataka. A field survey was conducted in sandalwood plantation to know the influence of sandalwood and associated cultivation practice on enrichment of plant diversity. Till planting of sandalwood, farmer has followed clean cultivation later allowing the weeds to grow. Sample survey was conducted through grid method. The major biodiversity was contributed by naturally regereated plant species. Seventeen tree species, ten shrub species, five climbers and forty six herbs, mainly belonging to fabaceae, amaranthaceae and poacea were found in the studied plantation indicating positive association of local flora with sandalwood.
Knowledge of rural women regarding health and nutrition practices in Bikaner district of Rajasthan, India
Authors: Suchitra  , Sareen Neena
Published: October 2021

The present study was conducted in Bikaner district. There are six panchayat samitis out of which Bikaner Panchayat Samiti was selected. Out of thirty one Gram Panchayat in Bikaner Panchayat Samiti four Gram Panchayat were selected namely Kilchoo Deodan, Ridmalsarpurohitan, Palana and Nalbari. One village from each selected Gram Panchayat was selected on the basis of random sampling technique. Thus, four villages were selected for the present investigation (Surdhanachauhanan, Raisar, Palana, Nalbari). A sample of one twenty rural women in the age group 15-45 years (30 rural women from each village). Interview Schedule was developed to collect the data regarding health and nutrition knowledge of rural women. The major findings of the present study revealed that in general information majority of the respondents belonged to middle age group, educated upto primary, belonged to 4001-6000/- monthly income group, nuclear family system, other backward caste, involved in agriculture occupation, had above 2.1-5 hectare of land holding, no membership of social organization, no participated in training programme and medium level of mass media contact, urban contact and extension contact. The overall knowledge of the rural women was medium. Out of eight aspects of health and nutrition the knowledge about the aspect of ‘Basics of foods and nutrition’ and ‘Environmental hygiene’ were ranked first with overall mean per cent score. On the basis of these findings it could be concluded that health and nutrition knowledge of rural women was medium.
Effect of drying methods and packaging on retention of carotenoid pigment in dried petals of marigold cv. seracole
Authors: Mahanta Sangita , Talukdar Madhumita Choudhury , Das Priyanka
Published: October 2021

An experiment was conducted in Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat, to study the effect of drying methods and packaging on retention of carotenoid content in dried petals of marigold cv. Seracole during 2016-2017. Petals were subjected to drying employing three different methods viz., sun drying, shade drying and cabinet drying. Among the various drying methods tested, cabinet drying gave the highest carotenoid content (337.64μg/g) compared to the other methods. Three different packaging materials viz., LDPE 200 gauge, LDPE 300 gauge and LDPE 400 gauge were utilized for the experiment. The carotenoid content was highest in the first month with LDPE packaging materials of 400 gauge (270.47 μg/g), 300 gauge (269.64 μg/g) and 200 gauge (266.94 μg/g) which decreased with advancement of storage period.
Front line demonstrations to improve the productivity of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) in Banda district of Bundelkhhand region of Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Singh Shyam
Published: October 2021

Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Banda organized 79 clusters front line demonstrations during Rabi seasons of years 2017-18, 2018-19 and 2019-20 on Recommended Dose of Fertilizer (RDF) along with Line sowing technology and high yielding variety on farmers’ fields in the six villages. The soil of this area was two kinds of black soils known as kabar and mar with pH range 6.8 to 7.8, organic matter 0.23 to 0.47 per cent, available nitrogen and also phosphorus was found low, potash was medium and soil organic carbon was low in all the demonstration plots. Yield of linseed was recorded between 9.45to 15.3q per ha (average 13.65 q/ha) by adoption of improved package of practices as Recommended Dose of Fertilizer along with Line sowing and high yielding variety over existing farmers practices, an average increase of 22.89 per cent in grain yield was recorded during the study period due to improved package of practices. Average technology gap was 3.01q/ha, extension gap was 2.54q/ha and averaged technology index was 18.07 per cent. The average net returns was recorded Rs. 41099 /ha from demonstration compared to farmer’s field was Rs. 32036/ha. The averaged BCR was also reported to be higher 3.25 compared to farmers’ practice (2.99) it was due to Recommended Dose of Fertilizer along with Line sowing technology and high yielding variety.
Livelihood income sources of landless and marginal rural households in Haryana
Authors: Suchitra
Published: October 2021

The present study was conducted in four districts two each from Eastern and Western zones of Haryana. Total 300 household from different landholding categories were selected from four villages of the selected districts. Finding revealed that majority of landless families was mainly through wages followed by livestock and in most of the cases it was less than 2.5 lakh per annum. As regards marginal land holding farmers, major source of income of both males and female was wages and private work. The income of large majority of marginal farm families was below Rs. 2.5 lakh per annum.
Gross anatomical studies on the femur, tibio-tarsus and fibula of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)
Authors: Mehta Suresh
Published: October 2021

The study was conducted on three adult emu birds of 2-3 years of age. The femur was a relatively short, but thickbone, measuring about 23±0.43 cm in length.The fovea capitiswas absent.The large trochanter major was at the same level as the head.A large pneumatic foramen was present on the caudal surface of the femur, medioventrally to the trochanter major. Distal extremity of femur showed a trochlea anteriorly and two condyles posteriorly.The tibio-tarsus waslongest and formed by the fusion of the tibia and proximal row of tarsalbones.The average length was 43±0.68 cm, was almost twice as long as the femur.The cranial part of the proximal end was greatly expanded which formed a large ridge, the proximal end of which was divided to form lateraland medial cranial ridges.The distal end showed lateral and medial condyles cranially and a trochlea with symmetrical ridges caudally. The fibula was shorter than the tibia, measuring about 29±0.23 cm in length with a prominent head.
Effect of Azotobactor and Pseudomonas along with various levels of NPK on growth and flowering of marigold cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda
Authors: Kumari Shabnam , Yadav Kulveer Singh , Kaur Harmandeep , Kishor Sachin
Published: October 2021

The experiment was carried at Agriculture Farm, School of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, RIMT University, Mandi Gobindgarh, Punjab, India. This investigation was done to study the effect of different biofertilizers and NPK level on vegetative growth and flowering parameters of marigold cv. Pusa Narangi Gainda during 2019-20. Experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design with three replications. Results revealed that, number of leaves/plant (303.98), fresh weight of leaf (4.34 g), dry weight of leaf (1,68 g), leaf biomass/plant (1103.03 g) and stem diameter (1.54 cm) were resulted when plants of marigold treated with treatment T10 (75% NPK + N2 fixer (Azotobactor) + PSB (Pseudomonas) + RDFYM). In concern with flowering parameters, the results revealed that the number of flowers/plant (36.07), fresh weight of flower (6.89 g) and longer flower longevity (34.61 days) were resulted by under T10 (75% NPK + N2 fixer (Azotobactor) + PSB (Pseudomonas) + RDFYM) not with standing, more dry weight of flower (1.91 g) and longer duration of flowering (49.51 days) were recorded under the treatment T9 i.e. 75% NPK + PSB (Pseudomonas).
Nutritional quality of jamun-bael spread during storage
Authors: Hameed Fozia , Gupta Neeraj
Published: October 2021

The present study was conducted to standardize appropriate combinations of jamun-bael blends for preparation of spread and to evaluate the changes in moisture, TSS, reducing sugars, total sugars, titratable acidity and ascorbic acid content of the developed product during storage. Spread prepared from 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40, 50:50, 40:60, 30:70, 20:80, 10:90 and 0:100 ratio of jamun-bael pulp were analyzed for changes in chemical constituents at two months interval during storage period of six months. TSS, total sugars, reducing sugars and acidity increased while as moisture and ascorbic acid decreased in spread during storage.
Relationship of organic farming and human health
Authors: Pati Priyanka Priyadarsani , Pattanaik Tarasankar , Barman Saurav , Praveen B.
Published: October 2021

In the last decade, the assembly and ingestion of organic food have exaggerated steady worldwide, despite the lower productivity of organic crops. Such foods run byorganic standards of manufacture, management, dispensation, and marketing. Most notably, the employment of artificial fertilizers, pesticides, and genetic modification isn’t allowed. One major reason for the exaggerated demand is that the perception that organic food is a lot of environmentally friendly and on the mend than conservatively made food. Shoppers of organic food tend to possess healthier dietary patterns overall. Medicine studies purpose to the negative effects of bound pesticides on children’s psychological feature development at current levels of exposure. Such risks will be decreased with organic food, particularly throughout maternity and in infancy, and by introducing non-pesticidal plant protection in typical agriculture. There are units few familiar integrative variations between organic and traditional crops. Maybe most significantly, there are indications that organic crops have lower metal content than typical crops because of variations in fertilizer usage and soil organic matter, a difficulty that’s extremely relevant to human health. Organic milk, and possibly additionally meat, contains a higher content of omega-3 fatty acid fatty acids compared to traditional product, however this is often unlikely to be nutritionally vital in lightweight of alternative dietary sources. The current use of antibiotics in typical animal production may be a key driver of antibiotic resistance. The hindrance of disease and a lot of restrictive use of antibiotics, as practiced in organic production, may minimize this risk, with probably tidy edges for public health. This review summarizes the scientific proof for integrative variations and health edges of organic compared with conventionally made food.
Recent ways of management and disposal of agricultural waste - A Review
Authors: Tallapragada Sridevi , Vandana  , Lather Rajesh , Singh Gurnam
Published: October 2021

With the development of agriculture in India, the production of agricultural wastes increased rapidly. Basically these wastes are bio products and are very important for survival of animals and human beings. The occurrence of agricultural wastes is unique in the different areas. The agricultural straw and livestock excrement are considered to be potential resources. These substances are widely available on earth and can be a good source of energy or be converted into useful products. The wastes generated from crop have a good potential to convert to energy through related energy sector. The waste produce from animal or from crop residue is called biomass which has an interdependent relationship with ecosystem from production to disposal and has physicochemical properties. The recycling and utilization of agricultural wastes are considered to be the important step in environmental protection, energy structure and agricultural development. The present review deals with the research work carried out in the conversion of biomass and agricultural waste and to illuminate the potential environmental risk, recycling and utilization pathway, influencing factors and policy suggestions in the recycling and utilization progress of agricultural wastes. An attempt is carried out to increase the economic value of agricultural waste into useful product. The survey provided the development mode of industrialization and scale of agricultural waste recycling. The recycling and utilization pathway of agricultural wastes were also analysed. The crucial suggestions may be proposed, such as cultivating new industry, building economy incentive standard, improving laws and regulations, and creating rural market strengthening medium and long-term plans of agricultural waste recycling. The resource consumption, ecological crisis and other issues caused by agricultural wastes were evaluated.
Water management in crop cultivation
Authors: Mandal Ushashee , Panda Monalisa , Boddana Praveen , Barman Saurav
Published: October 2021

In mediterranean countries, water is considered as the most basic assets for economic sustainability growth. For cultivation, water is not only essential but also essential in different sectors such as in industries and economic growth. It is considered as also an important component of the environment with significant impact on natural conservation and health. Around 70% of fresh water withdrawals goes to agriculture. The use of water within the sectors are very diverse and included mainly for irrigation pesticides and fertilizers application and sustain livestock. In India, agriculture is an important sector for sustenance and growth of Indian economy. Today, in the whole world, India is one of the largest producers of agricultural products. Several agricultural commodities like tea, coffee, oil seeds, fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, rice, wheat, spices etc. are considered as the major supplier from India. For crop and yards water, irrigation management involves the monitoring of water applications. It is especially important to monitor soil moisture in order to promote optimise crop yields without runoff percolated loss.
A review on medicinal properties of Pleurotus ostreatus
Authors: Kumar Sunil , Singh Shivam , Ruhela Akshay Kumar , Bhatia Rohit , Saurabh Subham , Sirichand Tummala
Published: October 2021

Mushroom are eaten and liked by people all over the world not only because of their taste, aroma or nutritive values in food but also because of their medicinal properties. They are beneficial for human or animal health due to presence of active polysaccharide which boosts our immune system as well as prevent cell or microorganism growth which is harmful for our body. The extracted drug and oral doses both are efficient in prevention of many harmful biological effects like HIV, polio, inflammation, cancer, tumor, or virus growth. With their potential value and scavenging effect they are most significant functional food and can be used us food supplement.
Morphological study of nitrogen fixers
Authors: Panda Monalisa , Mandal Ushashee , Barman Saurav , Boddana Praveen
Published: October 2021

Biological diversity, the common term of biodiversity, in the simplest word means the variation and variety of life forms. The biodiversity being the amalgamation of dual word i.e. ‘Bios’ meaning “Life” and ‘Diversitas’ meaning “Variety” or “Difference”. Nitrogen fixation on one hand and Photosynthesis on the other hand is the foundation of all the living system in this planet. Nitrogen fixation can be defined as a chemical process involving the conversion of atmospheric nitrogen into the nitrogenous compound, either biologically or physically. Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF) contributes about 90% of the process and rest 10% is carried out by the physical activities which include lightening, thunder, etc. Each and every year, approximately 17.2x10^7 tons of nitrogen are biologically fixed worldwide. The main contributors in BNF are the microorganisms which falls under two categories i.e. may be aerobic or anaerobic. Majority of the microbes do not have the potentiality to reduce nitrogen. The microorganisms having the potentiality of reducing nitrogen play a vital role in the nitrogen fixation along with nitrogen cycle in the nature. The microbes involved in BNF are usually the prokaryotes which make use of a biocatalyst or enzyme nitrogenise to bring about the catalysis of atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to form ammonia (NH3). These prokaryotes consists of aquatic organisms like blue green algae, free living nitrogen fixers like Azotobacter, Clostridium, symbiotic nitrogen fixers like Rhizobium and associative symbiotic includes Azospirillium. The current review paper delineates with reference to the morphological study of nitrogen fixers.