bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supracarinal lymph node positivity in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and factors predicting metastasis in supracarinal compartment nodes: Should a total mediastinal node dissection be the standard of care?
Authors: Jain Abhishek R. , Sadhwani Manish A. , Vyas Ronak D. , Pandya Shashank J. , Sharma Mohit R. , Warikoo Vikas , Puj Ketul S. , Salunke Abhijeet A.
Published: July 2023

Background:

Adequate lymphadenectomy in middle- and lower-third esophagus cancer is still a matter of debate. This study aims to find out the extent of histopathological supracarinal lymph nodes positivity rate to establish an adequate lymph node dissection in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases operated up-front or after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (CT) + radiotherapy (RT) and its short-term oncological outcome.

Materials and Methods:

After approval from institutional board review, a retrospective study was conducted from April 2017 to September 2019. A total of 76 patients having mid- or lower-third carcinoma esophagus were operated at our institute for partial/total esophagectomy with extended two-field lymph node dissection were followed. Intraoperative nodal stations were harvested separately and lebeled individually according to the Japanese Esophageal Classification and sent for histopathological examination.

Results:

The patients had an average age of 52 years. Histologically all were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Forty-four patients received preoperative concurrent RT plus drug therapy, whereas 18 cases were operated up-front. Fourteen patients were operated after palliative treatment (CT/RT). The average total lymph node yield was 22 nodes (range 3–69). In 26 patients (34.2%), lymph nodes were positive (N+ disease). Supracarinal nodes were positive in 20 cases (26.31%). The average supracarinal lymph node yield was 10.33 nodes (range 2–32). Five patients (6.5%) had only supracarinal lymph nodes positive on histopathological examination. Seventeen patients had a complete pathological response rate (pCR).

Conclusion:

In cases of mid-third esophageal carcinoma, extended two fields with supracarinal lymphadenectomy is strongly recommended even after the patient has received neoadjuvant treatment, although the same for lower-third/gastroesophageal (GE) junction tumors should be considered.
The tale of Wolfram syndrome in a young child versus an adolescent
Authors: Gosalia Hirika , Rath Soveeta , Shah Virna M , Ganesh Suma
Published: July 2023

Wolfram Syndrome (WS) is a rare autosomal recessive progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by juvenile-onset diabetes mellitus (DM) and optic atrophy (OA), known as DIDMOAD (diabetes insipidus [DI], diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness). Patients present with DM and OA in the first decade, DI and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, urinary tract anomalies, and neurological manifestations later in life. We report two cases with late diagnosed WS in an asymptomatic young child and an adolescent with DI, DM, OA, and deafness to raise awareness regarding the identification of individuals with WS and provide them with immediate treatment and appropriate care.
Neoscytalidium dimidiatum keratitis
Authors: Dadachanji Zelda Vispi , Madhu Ganesh S , Khatib Zain I , Khatib Irfan Z
Published: July 2023

Keratomycoses are destructive, difficult-to-treat eye infections. A plant mold, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, is an extremely rare cause of keratitis in humans. Direct microscopic examination and culture are essential for an early specific diagnosis and must be taken into consideration to establish the most effective treatment and avoid severe complications. Herein, we present a case of the first successfully treated case of N. dimidiatum keratitis in western India. Through this report, we wish to increase the awareness of this fungal species as a potential cause of keratitis and to provide the clinical, morphological, and microbiological features that might help in its treatment.
A novel approach to the management of severe facial disfigurement in neurofibromatosis type 1
Authors: Rangarajan Viji , Murugesan Sindhuja , Ramakrishnan Kavitha , Bansal Renu
Published: July 2023

To report a case series on the management of eight patients with complex orbitopalpebral neurofibromatosis that is inadequately addressed in the literature. All patients were managed surgically with full-thickness, transverse, or transverse-oblique resection of the upper eyelid neurofibroma along with canthopexies and ptosis correction. Presenting signs and symptoms include eyelid swelling, ptosis, canthal dystopia, and decreased visual acuity. These challenging cases were treated with a tailored surgical approach which provided functional and esthetic benefit that improved patient's social interaction and confidence.
Successful management of rubella retinopathy–related subretinal neovascular membrane with intravitreal ranibizumab
Authors: Dey Amrita , Majumdar Bristi , Sen Ahana , Gorhe Sukanya , Chugh Manpreet , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: July 2023

A seven-year-old boy with a known case of bilateral rubella retinopathy presented to us as part of his annual follow-up. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at presentation was 20/80 in the right eye and 20/600 in the left eye. On dilated fundoscopy, the right eye showed the presence of subretinal neovascular membrane (SRNVM), subretinal fluid, and classical salt-and-pepper retinopathy, all of which was documented by imaging. The left eye was poorly dilating and showed a pale disc. The right eye was treated with two doses of intravitreal ranibizumab at an interval of two months. Post-treatment examination showed resolution of SRNVM accompanied by scarring and significant improvement in BCVA.
A case of old total Descemet membrane detachment due to ophthalmic viscosurgical device with clear cornea
Authors: Kalra Nidhi , Asif Mohamed Ibrahime , Bhalla Jatinder S , Bafna Rahul K , Sinha Rajesh
Published: July 2023

We report a case of a large bullous descemet membrane detachment (DMD) following inadvertent injection of ophthalmic viscoelastic device in the supradescemetic space. A 27 years old male with juvenile open-angle glaucoma underwent trabeculectomy in the right eye followed by anterior chamber reformation. He developed DMD for which intracameral gas injection failed twice. He presented with complaints of blurring of images in that eye. Examination revealed a bullous DMD without any corneal edema, confirmed by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (ASOCT). Microscope-integrated intraoperative OCT (mi-OCT) guided drainage with intracameral gas injection was done following which the detachment settled completely.
Usefulness of mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid barcoding in identification of Chrysomya bezziana ophthalmomyasis
Authors: Tanwar Meghana , Chakrabarty Sabyasachi , Chowdhury Gunja , Kim Usha , Rajaiah Paramasivan
Published: July 2023

We report a case of ophthalmomyiasis profunda with a complete destruction of ocular tissues in an old diabetic lady who presented with sudden onset of bleeding from a progressively increasing, painless swelling in her left eye since two weeks. She was primarily treated with Ivermectin, paraffin dressing, manual removal of maggots, and then total exenteration. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding analysis supported by DNA sequencing accurately identified the species as Chrysomya bezziana based on the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. This case report demonstrates the usefulness of DNA barcoding, complementing the conventional identification methods, in accurate identification of maggots of ophthalmic significance.
Migration of inferior rectus muscle orbital cysticercosis to anterior subcutaneous tissue
Authors: Tyagi Shailly , Kumar Sandeep , Kohli Vandana
Published: July 2023

We report an unusual presentation of ocular cysticercosis in a 30 year old female who presented with diplopia and hypertropia of left eye for 1 month, wherein cysticercus cellulosae cyst was found within the mass of the left inferior rectus muscle. After 7 days of presentation, the diplopia and corresponding hypertropia recovered on its own as the cysticercus migrated spontaneously to the subcutaneous tissue of the lower eyelid. It becomes important to report this case because of the rarity of the migration of cysticerci from the muscle in orbit to the subcutaneous tissue in the eye, which in itself is an unusual presentation.
Mendacious conjunctival lesions – A tale of two cases
Authors: Sharma Deepak K , Sharma Gaurav , Tuli Rajeev
Published: July 2023

Presentation of conjunctival tumors ranges from benign lesions like pinguecula and pterygium to highly malignant tumors of melanocytic, lymphoid, and stratified squamous epithelium origin. A 30-year-old female presented with two brown-colored conjunctival lesions in her left eye extending from medial canthus to limbus. Lesions were excised and subjected to histopathologic examination (HPE), which came out to be pigmented squamous cell papilloma, a rare conjunctival lesion having potential to convert to malignancy. Another 50-year-old female presented with pinguicula-like lesions in both her eyes along with maculopapular rash on her forehead. Conjunctival lesions were completely excised HPE, revealed Spiegler–Fendt sarcoid, also known as lymphocytoma cutis, along with conjunctival tumor of lymphocytic origin. Spiegler–Fendt sarcoid is usually a benign lesion with potential for systemic involvement requiring holistic approach for the management of such patients.
Blunt trauma–related optic nerve retraction
Authors: Saini Sanchita , Saxena Sandeep
Published: July 2023

A novel entity of optic nerve retraction following blunt trauma in a young boy is reported. Rotational injury of the globe following a fall from a bicycle resulted in optic nerve retraction within the scleral canal. On fundus examination, the scleral rim was visible, with peripapillary and vitreous hemorrhage and associated retinal detachment. Computed tomography of the orbit on axial section revealed an intact optic nerve at the posterior surface of the sclera.
Collapse of drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment following macular hole surgery
Authors: Agarwal Manisha , Muralidhar Alankrita , Singh Shalini
Published: July 2023

The effect of vitrectomy on the course of dry age-related macular degeneration (AMD) in eyes with full-thickness macular holes (FTMHs) is not well understood and has been variably reported in existing studies. The phenomenon of disappearance of confluent soft drusen (drusenoid pigment epithelial detachment [PED]) after macular hole surgery is, however, a rarely reported occurrence. We report a case of a 61-year-old female patient with a large full-thickness macular hole of minimum diameter 586 μm with an underlying drusenoid PED, who underwent a pars plana vitrectomy with inverted internal limiting membrane flap and 20% sulfur hexafluoride gas injection. The macular hole was successfully closed along with collapse of the underlying drusenoid PED during the postoperative follow-up period.
Bilateral third and fourth cranial nerve palsy presenting secondary to central nervous system tuberculoma
Authors: Balraj Arumugam , Anand Aditya
Published: July 2023

Central nervous system (CNS) tuberculoma can have variable presentations depending on the site and number of tuberculomas. We report a rare case of a 48-year-old male presenting with ptosis and binocular double vision. Clinical examination revealed bilateral third-nerve palsy and fourth-nerve palsy with nystagmus. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain revealed ring-enhancing lesion in the dorsal midbrain, suggestive of tuberculoma. Radiological search for tuberculous foci in other internal organs proved pulmonary tuberculosis. Mantoux was positive, confirming the exposure to tuberculous bacilli. He was started on low-dose steroids along with antitubercular therapy (ATT). There was no improvement after continuing ATT for one-and-a-half years. Thus, the prognosis of CNS tuberculoma is related to the timing of initiating appropriate therapy. Delays in diagnosis and treatment will result in poor prognoses and severe neurological sequelae.
Fitting pearls of scleral contact lenses in keratoglobus
Authors: Prabhu Manikanda , Bhalerao Sushank Ashok , Chatterjee Subhajit , Vuyyuru Sowjanya
Published: July 2023

Keratoglobus is a rare noninflammatory corneal thinning disorder characterized by generalized thinning and globular protrusion of the cornea. Clinical presentation is characterized by progressive diminution resulting from irregular corneal topography with increased corneal fragility due to extreme thinning. Optical management usually involves in the form of spectacles or contact lenses. Contact lenses provide adequate vision for ectatic cornea without compromising the ocular health. Our case series discusses about the importance of the scleral lens modifications in improving vision as well as preventing corneal hydrops induced by scleral lenses.
Intraocular lens opacification during pars-plana vitrectomy
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Shasha , Xu Feiping , Liu Rui , Cao Tingyi , Yuan Wen , Chen Jili
Published: July 2023

Intraocular lens (IOL) opacification after cataract surgery has been widely reported, but opacification during pars-plana vitrectomy (PPV) has not been reported. In our case, a 59-year-old male patient underwent PPV. During the surgery, IOL was found to be cloudy, and the area accounted for half of IOL. The surgical field was not affected. At the end of surgery, the degree of opacification decreased significantly. On the first day after surgery, IOL was completely transparent. IOL opacification may be caused by condensation and does not affect retina observation during PPV. It is not necessary to remove and replace the IOL immediately.
Bilateral congenital cataract in a child with fetal valproate syndrome
Authors: Khokhar Sudarshan , Kumar Saumya , Maddu Sai V , Rani Deeksha
Published: July 2023

Fetal valproate syndrome (FVS) results from valproate intake during pregnancy. Children with FVS may have various ocular abnormalities such as refractive error, amblyopia, and strabismus. Congenital pediatric cataract has been reported earlier in two cases. We describe a case of FVS, who presented to us with a bilateral total white cataract. The child underwent bilateral lens aspiration + posterior capsulorhexis + anterior vitrectomy + intraocular lens (IOL) implantation under general anesthesia followed by refraction.
Questionable effect of collagen cross-linking for keratoconus in a pregnant female
Authors: Kodavoor Shreesha Kumar , Rathi Neha , Dandapani Ramamurthy
Published: July 2023

We report a rare case of keratoconus (KC) progressing to advanced stage in a pregnant female with previously stable KC managed with collagen cross-linking 7 years back. A 26-year-old female first visited during the second month of her pregnancy with stable KC managed with collagen cross-linking 7 years back. She was found to have corneal melt with haze and was advised to undergo keratoplasty surgery. However, the patient was not willing for that, and the surgery was deferred. After 4 months, the patient came with similar complaints. On examination, the corneal melt was advanced and the patient was suggested surgery again. However, she again deferred the surgery. At the eighth month of pregnancy, the patient came with advanced melt with well-epithelized descemetocele, which was then successfully operated on an emergency basis with full-thickness penetrating keratoplasty.
Unusual application of topical brimonidine for the management of epithelial cysts
Authors: Moshkovsky Ran , Avizemer Haggay , Kleinmann Guy
Published: July 2023

The mainstay management of progressive epithelial cysts spans from fine-needle aspiration of the cyst content to radical en bloc excision. Such a surgical approach may result in cyst rupture, recurrence, or collateral tissue damage. Based on previous experience, we aimed at evaluating the off-label use of topical brimonidine as a conservative measure for treating epithelial cysts of the iris and conjunctiva before commencing a surgical excision. We describe two different cases of epithelial cysts in which topical brimonidine was issued with successful outcome, making the more traditional surgical intervention redundant.
Palpebral adenocarcinoma of moll
Authors: Plana Carmen A. Porcar , Martínez Emilio Abecia , Laura Lavilla Garcï¿½a
Published: July 2023

Adenocarcinoma of Moll is an unusual but dangerous tumor that rarely affects apocrine palpebral glands. In this work, we report an atypical presentation of palpebral Moll adenocarcinoma and discuss the anatomopathological diagnostic criteria. As its prognosis is poor owing to its capacity to invade other tissues, we emphasize the importance of performing an extension study on this patient. Expanding the sample size of reported tumors will be useful in defining their clinical characteristics and establishing guidelines for follow-up and treatment. Additionally, we present a review of the cases reported in the literature.
Migration of dexamethasone implant (OZURDEX®) into the anterior chamber in a pseudophakic eye with an intact capsular bag
Authors: Majumdar Bristi , Sen Ahana , Goel Nikita , D'Souza Zubin , Thounaojam Sanatombi , Chattree Surabhi , Bhargava Mona , Shree Jay , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: July 2023

Ozurdex® (Allergan, Inc., Irvine, CA, USA) is an intravitreal sustained-release drug delivery system containing dexamethasone, mainly used for the treatment of macular edema in diabetes, retinal vein occlusions or treatment of non-infectious posterior uveitis, as approved by the US FDA. It can be implanted into the vitreous cavity via the pars plana route. Migration of this implant into the anterior chamber may occur in cases of aphakia, pseudophakia with defective lens capsule, zonular dehiscence, iatrogenic, or as in pseudoexfoliation syndrome. We report a case of a pseudophakic patient with intact posterior capsule and no significant history suggesting a zonular weakness, who presented with diminution of vision due to anterior migration of the dexamethasone implant and its effects on the cornea. Measurements of specular microscopy provide useful information which may aid in management pre- and post-removal of migrated implant.
Eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis with orbital involvement
Authors: Nair Archana A , Tooley Andrea A , Zhou Fang , Lieberman Seth , Patel Payal , Belinsky Irina
Published: July 2023

Allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS) and eosinophilic mucin chronic rhinosinusitis (EMCRS) are subtypes of a chronic rhinosinusitis with eosinophilia that have different diagnostic criteria but are phenotypically similar. Ophthalmic complications may be the presenting symptoms. Treatment of ophthalmic complications is typically directed at reducing the inflammatory burden in the sinuses and rarely requires direct surgical intervention. However, atypical cases with associated subperiosteal abscess may necessitate orbital surgery. The authors present 2 cases of EMCRS with orbital involvement – one that responded to the traditional treatment of oral corticosteroids and functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), and the other requiring surgical drainage of a subperiosteal abscess in order to describe the management strategies based on clinical presentation.
Treatment of 0.01% atropine eye drops induced convergence excess esotropia and rebound myopia managed with 1% atropine eye drops
Authors: Jahan Shairin , Kothari Mihir , Solanki Meghna
Published: July 2023

We report a case of progressive childhood myopia who developed rebound myopia and convergence excess esotropia after switching from 1% atropine eye drops to 0.01% atropine eye drops. The esotropia recovered and myopia progression was arrested after stopping 0.01% atropine drops and resuming 1% atropine eye drops.
Role of autofluorescence in Siegrist streaks
Authors: Patel Anamika , Panchal Bhavik , Pathengay Avinash
Published: July 2023

A 41-year-old female presented to us with blurred vision in both eyes for the past 3 months. She was a known hypertensive and was treated for malignant hypertension in the past. She was diagnosed as hypertensive retinopathy with choroidopathy. Multiple hypopigmented linear streaks (Siegrist streaks) within the arcade and in the form of islands outside the arcades were noted. Fundus autofluorescence was performed to understand and classify the appearance and resolution of these streaks. Herein, we report the role of autofluorescence in describing Siegrist streaks secondary to hypertensive choroidopathy.
Microbial keratitis due to infection with Citrobacter freundii
Authors: Balamurugan R , Gupta Parul Chawla , Raghulnadhan R , Angrup Archana , Yadav Bhavana , Ram Jagat
Published: July 2023

We report a unique case of Citrobacter freundii keratitis in a 35-year-old male presented with a paracentral corneal ulcer secondary to injury with a tile particle. Clinically, it seemed like a fungal ulcer. However, the bacterial culture was positive for Citrobacter freundii, which responded to topical amikacin and ceftazidime. Citrobacter freundii is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative bacterium belonging to the family of Enterobacteriaceae being associated with external eye infections; while this is another report of it being associated with microbial keratitis.
Reverse masquerade
Authors: Barh Atanu , Mukherjee Bipasha , Poonam Nisar Sonam , Krishnakumar Subramanian
Published: July 2023

Sebaceous lesions encompass a spectrum from benign lesions to disfiguring malignant lesions. Eyelid sebaceomas are extremely rare and only two definite cases are described in the English literature, whereas sebaceous adenomas occur in the eyelids more commonly and can be distinguished easily from sebaceous gland carcinoma by its clinical and histological appearance. We describe two cases of eyelid lesions that clinically resembled a possible malignant eyelid tumor. In both the cases, frozen section report was suggestive of a well-differentiated sebaceous gland carcinoma. However, histopathology examination of the permanent section was consistent with the diagnosis of sebaceoma and sebaceous adenoma respectively.
Dapsone maculopathy
Authors: Gutiérrez-Hernández Juan Carlos , Rodríguez-Vargas Gabriel
Published: July 2023

We report the case of a 43-year-old lady with intentional dapsone overdose 26 years ago. Multimodal imaging revealed macular ischemia as the cause for visual loss, while choriocapillaries remained intact.
A case report of fungal keratitis due to Fusarium oxysporum after an injury by fingernails
Authors: Sarawade Suhas S , Kanabar Hemali P , Jadhav Sharad S
Published: July 2023

Fusarium keratomycosis is a disastrous fungal infection of the eye, can affect healthy individuals, is cumbersome to treat, and has a poor prognosis. Herein, we present a case of a healthy 40-year-old female patient, who presented with chief complaints of pain, redness, and watering of the left eye since 15 days along with the diminution of vision. She had a history of trauma to the left eye by fingernails, followed by the development of symptoms. KOH wet preparation of corneal scrapings revealed fungal elements with the growth of culture on Sabouraud's dextrose agar confirming the etiological agent as Fusarium oxysporum. This case is reported for its rarity.
A neoteric approach for treatment of persistent macular hole using human amniotic membrane
Authors: Gorhe Sukanya , Eswaran Bhuvaneshwaran Vedapuri , Chattree Surabhi , Goel Nikita , D'souza Zubin , Saurabh Kumar , Roy Rupak
Published: July 2023

Treatment of persistent macular holes is a challenge. Various techniques have been devised to reduce the surgical failure rate. We present a case of persistent macular hole treated with human amniotic membrane (hAM). We performed primary 23 Gauge pars plana vitrectomy surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling and perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas. Two weeks postoperatively, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SDOCT) showed an open macular hole. A secondary surgery using hAM plug as scaffold and C3F8 gas was performed. Three weeks postoperative follow-up SDOCT showed anatomical closure of the macular hole. This suggests that hAM can be an effective substrate for persistent macular holes.
Desvenlafaxine vasospasm-related retinal arterial occlusion
Authors: Chaubey Anupriya , Saxena Sandeep , Sharma Priyanka
Published: July 2023

A 51-year-old lady presented with a sudden, painless blurring of vision in the left eye. She was on oral antidepressant desvenlafaxine, a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor, for the past 3 years. Her visual acuity was 6/6 OU. Fundus examination of the left eye revealed opacification of the retina as a result of retinal arterial occlusion. Nasal as well as temporal retinal quadrants were involved. Inferior half of the macula was also affected. Fundus fluorescein angiography of the left eye was unremarkable while spectral domain optical coherence tomography of the macula showed microcystic changes. After excluding embolic and nonembolic causes, we hereby report a case of retinal arterial occlusion resulting from desvenlafaxine-associated transient retinal arterial vasospasm, for the first time.
Central retinal artery occlusion secondary to patent foramen ovale
Authors: Xiu Liheng , Cheng Zhongxia , Li Hong
Published: July 2023

A 50-year-old male presented to the emergency ophthalmological service with amaurosis fugax in his right eye. A patent foramen ovale (PFO) was confirmed using transthoracic echocardiography. The patient underwent a PFO closure surgery. Postoperative transesophageal echocardiography revealed no obvious residual shunts. There was no recurrence of amaurosis fugax in the right eye during the follow-up period of more than two years. A PFO with ophthalmic and visual sequelae is an important emerging association. Such cases benefit from early referral to a cardiology specialist. Prompt diagnosis and treatment will help avoid unnecessary ocular or nonocular embolic events.
Macular deep capillary nonperfusion in idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysm, and neuroretinitis syndrome
Authors: Wang Yuanping , Li Yanxia , Zhang Wensong , Li Jia
Published: July 2023

Here, we report a rare case of a 47-year-old man presenting with idiopathic retinal vasculitis, aneurysm, and neuroretinitis (IRVAN) syndrome combined with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). He was treated with retinal photocoagulation combined with intraocular pressure (IOP)-lowering therapy. At the 1-year follow-up, the patient's vision had not decreased and the IOP was well controlled. The abnormality of this case is the nonperfusion of macular deep capillary. Many studies support that POAG has no effects on the ischemia of deep capillary plexus. This case suggests that ischemia in the deep capillary plexus should be considered in IRVAN syndrome.
Functional and Radiological Outcome of Surgical Management in Lumbar Spinal Stenosis – A Comparative Study
Authors: Sriraghavan Makesh Ram , Natesan Kandasamy , Louis Pavalan , Punniakotti Harish Shanmugam , Venkidusamy Naveen , Bharadwaj Namala Sai Vinay
Published: July 2023

Background:

Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a clinical syndrome with neurogenic claudication, low back ache, with radiating pain to lower limbs, due to a decrease in spinal canal dimensions. Degeneration is the most common etiology, resulting due to facet joint arthropathy and intervertebral disc protrusion. Surgical intervention should be considered when conservative methods fail or if there is a progressive worsening of signs or symptoms. Most of surgical techniques are based on the principles of decompression with or without stabilization and fusion. Two or more levels of laminectomy with stabilization and fusion provide effective spinal stability but have limited adverse effect.

Methodology:

This is a study of 40 patients with lumbar canal stenosis, who were admitted in Thoothukudi Medical College Hospital, from July 01, 2016, to August 01, 2022. The patients admitted were allocated alternatively into two groups, decompression alone and decompression with stabilization/fusion with 20 cases each, respectively.

Results:

Both the groups were analyzed preoperatively and postoperatively based on demographic criteria and on clinical history, radiographic angle measurements, and Oswestry Disability Index.

Conclusion:

The diagnosis of LSS is often challenging and requires proper clinical assessment of the patients and their symptoms and correlates with the radiological findings. Considering these, we suggest decompression alone may be considered rather than stabilization and fusion in patients with less than two-level stenosis and stabilization with fusion more than two levels.
Prospective Study of Posterior Cervical Foraminotomy for Cervical Radiculopathy in Absenceof Myelopathy
Authors: Jain Umesh D. , Gowaikar Amol , Patil Pradip , Ghate Uday , Nair Rishabh
Published: July 2023

Objective:

To determine clinical and patient satisfaction outcomes after posterior cervical foraminotomy (PCF), for the patients suffering from cervical monoradiculopathy, in the absence of myelopathy. To assess the efficacy of PCF.

Methods:

This was a prospective and multicentric study including patients of cervical monoradiculopathy, who underwent PCF surgery in the “department of orthopedics,” between October 2020 and November 2022. The hospital records, images, operation notes, and follow-up records were reviewed and analyzed. Thirty patients of cervical monoradiculopathy were investigated. All the patients who have satisfying inclusion criteria in the study period from October 2020 to November 2022 were included in the study. Patients of any age group and both the sexes and who were operated for PCF were considered. Those patients were then meticulously subjected to thorough inspection, with the help of hospital records, images, and operation notes and interviews. All the details of the patients were obtained based on previous hospital records and interactions with them and through neck disability index (NDI) score.

Discussion:

Decompression of the nerve root can be done by either anterior or posterior approach. Anterior approach carries risk of damaging oesophagus, trachea, carotid sheath and recurrent laryngeal nerve posterior approach includes foraminotomy in form of drilling some part of facet joint and adjacent lamina, disc can also be removed in selected cases this approach do not carry much risk. Many comparative studies shows equal beneficial outcome of pcf (posterior cervical foraminotomy)as compared to acdf (anterior cervical disectomy with fusion).

Results:

When we analyzed the NDI scores at different intervals there has been a positive trend showing the improvement in overall well being of an individual patient and this has resulted in major porting of the patients that has been taken as a sample has returned to there normal day to day living which they used to have earlier, before suffering from cervical radiculopathy.

Conclusion:

The final conclusion that can be drawn after analyzing the NDI score at different interval of time i-e before surgery, immediately and after surgery, 6 weeks post surgery, 3 months post surgery and 6 months post surgey is that patients have shown successive improvements with every follow up done.
Complications of the Nonoperative versus Operative Treatment of Displaced and Reduced Distal Radius Fractures in Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: van Delft Eva A.K. , Wegenrif Emilien C.J. , de Vries Ralph , Vermeulen Jefrey , Schep Niels W.L. , Bloemers Frank W.
Published: July 2023

Purpose:

Displaced distal radius fractures (DRFs) are treated by reduction and cast immobilization or by reduction and internal fixation. Both treatment options have been extensively researched in the literature, but still there is debate on the favorable treatment. Complications are infrequently described and if present, only mentioned as a minor detail. This study was initiated to provide insight into the rate of complications to add value to the discussion of the optimal treatment.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted in three bibliographic databases. Suitable studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and retrospective trials that compare reduction followed by cast immobilization or volar plating and reported on complications or suboptimal outcome.

Results:

Six studies, of which two RCTs and four retrospective studies, were included. In total, 467 patients with a DRF were analyzed. Wound healing problems, hardware-related complications, and removal of hardware occurred solely in patients who were treated by volar plating. Carpal tunnel syndrome, re-displacement, malunion, and severe stiffness occurred more often in the nonoperative group. No difference was found between both treatment options regarding tendon injuries, poor patient-reported outcome, distal radioulnar joint laxity-instability, and persistent pain after 1 year. The intensity of complications and patient-related factors were in general not analyzed in any of the included studies.

Conclusion:

Based on this systematic review on complications in the treatment of DRFs, there is no evident optimal treatment. The choice of treatment should depend on patient based, shared decision-making, taking the advantages and complications of both the nonoperative and operative treatment into account.
Comparative Evaluation of Postoperative Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy with Conventional Dressings in Patients of Proximal Tibia Fracture Managed by Dual Plating
Authors: Kothiyal Pranav , Vij Kunal , Gupta Puneet
Published: July 2023

Background:

High-velocity injuries of the tibial plateau managed by operative intervention are often complicated by surgical site infections and delayed wound healing. Incisional negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is an established technique for the management of wound complications and is also being used nowadays for early healing of uncomplicated postoperative wounds.

Materials and Methods:

We conducted this study to compare the effectiveness of NPWT over conventional dressing methods by creating two groups of patients with tibial plateau fractures managed by plating. Postoperatively, NPWT was applied to one group and the other group was followed up with routine conventional dressings.

Results:

A total of 88 patients were included in the study, and it was found that the rate of minor and major wound site complications was more in the group of patients managed by conventional dressing.

Conclusion:

With our study, we concluded that in high-velocity proximal tibia fractures with a lot of soft-tissue traumas, incisional NPWT is well tolerated and has shown a definitive advantage in preventing wound-related complications as compared to regular conventional dressing.
Framing en notas de prensa sobre migrantes en medios de comunicación chilenos
Authors: Denegri-Coria Marianela , Silva-Layera Francisca , Quintano-Méndez Felipe , Riquelme-Segura Leonor
Published: July 2023

La migración es uno de los temas más discutidos de los últimos años en nuestro país y la forma en que se trata en los medios podrían impactar en la opinión pública, por lo que resulta de especial interés analizar cómo los medios direccionan el interés del público hacia temas y encuadres. La presente investigación buscó describir los marcos de sentido (frames)  dominantes  en el contenido  de las notas  de prensa sobre migrantes  en los medios  de comunicación: La Tercera y El Mostrador,  durante  octubre 2018  y noviembre de 2019.  La información analizada mostró la presencia de una valoración hacia los migrantes mayormente negativa de editoriales hegemónicas y neutras en las contrahegemónicas, donde cada medio estaría exponiendo diferentes tópicos según su línea editorial, prevaleciendo encuadres de conflicto y de moral en las notas de prensa. Nuestros hallazgos evidencian la necesidad de aproximarse de manera cualitativa a las percepciones de los lectores para  una mayor  comprensión de la influencia de los medios hegemónicos y contrahegemónicos en la opinión pública.
Development of Methods and Computational Algorithms Parallelepiped in the Presence of Temperature and Heat Exchange
Authors: Rysgul Kazykhan , Azat Tashev , Rakhatay Aitbayeva , Anarbay Kudaykulov , Murat Kunelbayev , Arshidinova Mukaddas , Aliya Zhunusova , Bayan Kazangapova
Published: July 2023

The article describes computational algorithms for estimating the law of distribution of body temperature in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped. The case is studied when a conditioned temperature is maintained on one of the boundaries of a rectangular parallelepiped, and heat exchange with the environment occurs on the opposite side. In addition, there are cases when other faces of the parallelepiped are thermally insulated or are under the influence of the environment. A polynomial is chosen as the approximating function. In accordance with the proposed layout, a function is formed that considers temperature, heat exchange with the environment, and insulation of the faces of a rectangular parallelepiped. The temperatures at the nodal points are determined by minimizing the function. Further, the temperature distribution law is determined according to the proposed approximating polynomial. The estimation of temperature distribution law is calculated for different amounts of partitioning into elements of a rectangular parallelepiped.
Mythological. Anthropological. Bodily. Review of A.M. Lobok's Book “The Anthropology of Myth”
Authors: Rezvushkina Sofya A.
Published: July 2023

This paper reviews A.M. Lobok's monograph, The Anthropology of Myth. It was published in 1997 in Ekaterinburg by the publishing house Bank of Cultural Information, but is still little known in the scientific community and belongs to the philosophical underground. This has necessitated the creation of a review work to present The Anthropology of Myth to a wider readership. Despite an almost quarter-century gap between the year of publication and the present, the reviewed monograph is one of the most interdisciplinary to date and may be of interest to researchers specialising in mythology, general myth theory, philosophical anthropology, cultural philosophy, physical anthropology, pedagogy and body studies.
The Vampire, a Mythical Monster for Eternity
Authors: Hurtado Victoria
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this paper is a new approach from an interdisciplinary standpoint to the long lasting phenomena of the vampires. Consequently, I have drawn on from multiple sources in history, folklore, literary studies and anthropology. As monsters, they have been analysed in the light of their symbolic meaning. Previous studies place them in realms of mythical thinking and belonging to a liminal state of the nature-culture classification. As undead, their specificity is to trespass sides, a matter of fear for the living. Although we want to consider our civilization as rational and free from superstition, undead keep coming back through different narrative media. I will try to address that question by emphasising the liminality of death and the allure of immortality. The chosen case of research is Bram Stoker's Dracula (1897) and the film adaptation directed by Francis Ford Coppola (1992). By comparing the changes in the characters and the plot I have tried to frame them as different versions along the history of a myth. Any social order need to set boundaries but, being humans, we are tempted to trespass at least through fiction.
EXPLORING THE CONTENTS OF OLD NEWSPAPERS USING AN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATION
Authors: Mrs. Soppari. Kavitha  , B. Bindu Latha  , K.L. Bhavya  , M.Prashanth  , N.Sainath
Published: July 2023

Newspapers are necessary for daily living because they provide information on a variety of topics, including the economy, trade, business, sports, and entertainment. Reading the news broadens one's perspectives and increases knowledge. Readers may interact with the information through digital elements including movies, animations, and other content with the use of an augmented reality application. A variety of augmented reality components, including buttons for videos, links, YouTube, and 3D models, can be utilised to increase the variety of information available in physical newspapers. Computers can identify and project things over the newspaper with the help of an augmented reality marker. A newspaper can set itself apart from other publications by using a marker and a smartphone with a non-standalone software that can recognise the marker, such as QR codes or photos. In an effort to make a newspaper more user-friendly, researchers are experimenting with the Vuforia Engine tool and Augmented Reality Tools.
A Study of the Factors Affecting the Quality of Work Life in Colleges in Karnataka-with reference to Tumakuru and Kolar districts.
Authors: Mrs. Maya Sarangapani
Published: July 2023

The quality of work life is imperative in today’s life because of its direct correlation to personal life quality, besides work productivity. A balanced work life leads to a happier individual, a more productive employee and an effective organization. Humanizing work calls for the integration of the very important and very difficult principles of work life, that is, the principles of security, equity, individuality and democracy. Starting from scientific job designing/redesigning, employee autonomy, participation in decision making to innovation and catering to the challenges of the individual employee needs regarding their jobs.; Building an atmosphere of eustress, trust, a learning organizational situation, and coordination contributes tremendously towards the psychological well-being of the employee. So with the objective of studying the contributing factors towards improving the quality of work life, a study was conducted in ten colleges across 2 districts in Karnataka state. The respondents were a total of 100 teachers/professors and the sample was chosen on a simple random basis and a questionnaire was used to collect information and the same was analyzed using percentages. Surprisingly the study threw out factors of cultural diversity being the greatest impediment to a conducive work environment. The diversity in social, economic and cultural background of employees contributed most towards work adjustment problems was 74% as per the respondents. The study resonated with differences between values and behavior and surprisingly with social etiquette like tone of voice, choice of words, etc. in communication, contributing the most towards distrust and disharmony in the workplace. Likewise, present social status arising from parental background, spousal settlement either in a job or business, etc., makes a huge difference in the attitude and personality within the cadres. The factors contributing towards building a healthy work life including a work life- personal life alignment majorly at 82% was discipline and code of conduct requiring to be inculcated at all levels in the organization.
Falling into Gaps: Navigating Research Practices across Global South and Global North, a Conversation
Authors: Ahmed Sarah , Kaur Navjotpal , Mooken Malida , Sekhon Sumeet
Published: July 2023

This article is derived from conversations among four early career researchers on epistemic inequalities and challenges faced in universities, more especially in carrying out research. The conversations took place in the context of a qualitative research laboratory centered on the global South. We share experiences and issues associated with being trained as researchers in the global North and doing fieldwork in the global South. We also reflect on dominant structures and processes in universities and the marginalization of “other” or “alternative” knowledge systems. Whilst recognising the many ongoing and parallel academic discussions on such issues, we posit that there remains a need to carve out more discursive spaces for early career researchers to openly discuss their practical experiences, concerns, and strategies in challenging and overcoming issues such as the colonial gaze, racialization and coloniality of power, and to share appropriate approaches for research.
KUALA TERENGGANU DRIVING CYCLE DEVELOPMENT USING TARGET PARAMETER APPROACH
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, I. N. ANIDA , JABAR SITI NORBAKYAH ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, HJ. WAN YUSSOF WAN NURAL JAWAHIR ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, P.D. WALKER ,   University of Technology Sydney, ABDUL RAHMAN SALISA ,   Universiti Malaysia Terengganu
Published: July 2023

The driving cycle is critical in producing and evaluating the vehicle’s performance. A driving cycle is a set of speed-time data used as a key input in car emission models. In this article, a driving cycle for Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia, is proposed and created. The driving cycle data collection route was chosen based on the most common path taken by drivers to get to work. The parameters for the driving data in each run are calculated and then the target value parameter is developed. The lowest percentage error is accepted as the KTDC (Kuala Terengganu Driving Cycle). Later, a Kuala Terengganu Driving Cycle (KTDC) is developed with 37.52 km/h in average speed and 8 micro-trips. Then, the KTDC is compared with the existing standard driving cycle such as NEDC and UDDS.
Modal analysis of composite plates: Digital image correlation method application
Authors:   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, Baltić Marija , Vorkapić Miloš ,   University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, Ivanović Milica ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, Tanović Dragoljub ,   University of Belgrade, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia, Mladenović Ivana ,   University of Belgrade, Institute of Chemistry, Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia
Published: July 2023

Composite materials and structures are widely used and applied in many industries owing to their advantages, such as satisfactory stiffness-to-mass ratio and corrosion resistance. However, during their operating life, responsible parts subject to complex loads may change and their properties might deteriorate. To ensure structural integrity it is necessary to monitor and regularly check the performance of composite structures. This paper investigates the change of frequency characteristics of two rectangular composite (carbon-epoxy) plates after inflicting structural damage. Following the necessary preparation of the structure's upper surfaces by white-and-black stochastic pattern, the responses (free vibratory movement) of structures to momentary excitation were recorded by an optical, contactless 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system that contains a set of ultrafast cameras. In order to determine the natural frequencies of the plates, the recorded time-domain responses were post-processed, i.e. converted to the frequency domain by fast Fourier transform (FFT). The reduction in values of natural frequencies is observed on the damaged structures. The performed experiments demonstrate the applicability of the DIC method in the structural health monitoring of composite parts.