bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the daily association of sleep hygiene behaviours with sleep: A between and within persons approach
Authors: McAlpine Thomas , Mullan Barbara , Clarke Patrick J. F.
Published: September 2023

Sleep hygiene behaviours are recommendations given to both clinical and non-clinical populations with a focus on modifying behaviours to maximise sleep outcomes. However, methodological issues present in sleep hygiene research make it difficult to conclusively determine the impact of each behaviour. This study aimed to address these issues by adopting a two-week, repeated measures design which incorporated objective sleep measures and used linear mixed effect modelling to assess the daily association of a wide range of sleep hygiene behaviours on sleep in a non-clinical, university sample. Between-persons effects revealed that bedtime and frequency of daytime napping, alcohol use, and social media use were negatively related to sleep duration while waketime and frequency of too much water consumption were positively related to sleep duration. Within-person effects revealed that later than usual bedtime, earlier than usual waketime, no sunlight exposure, poor ventilation, having an unpleasant conversation before bed were negatively associated with sleep duration whereas using alcohol to deliberately help full asleep was positively related to sleep duration. In contrast, disproportionately more behaviours were not significantly related to either sleep outcome, only some of which could be explained by individual differences, which suggests that more research is needed to determine the conditions under which these behaviours affect sleep, if at all.
Social mobility and economic development
Authors: Neidhöfer Guido , Ciaschi Matías , Gasparini Leonardo , Serrano Joaquín
Published: September 2023

We explore the relationship between social mobility and economic development. First, we map the geography of intergenerational mobility in education for 52 Latin American regions, and examine its evolution over time. Then, through a new weighting procedure considering the level of participation of various cohorts in the economy in each year, we estimate the association between changes in mobility and regional economic indicators, such as income per capita, inequality, poverty, labor formality, and luminosity. Our findings show that increasing social mobility is consistently associated with economic development and growth in Latin America.
Machiavellian Variations, or When Moral Convictions and Political Duties Collide
Authors: Giorgini Giovanni
Published: September 2023

Commenting on Michael Walzer’s essay, the author adopts a perspective that traces back to Machiavelli. In this view, ‘dirty hands’ is a true problem faced by politicians, not a philosophical fiction or a moral quandary resulting from wrong reasoning. ‘Dirty hands’ results from the collision of two spheres of human action -morality and politics- which entail different duties; it concerns actions which have extremely serious public consequences and therefore applies eminently to politicians and the public sphere. The author examines different scenarios to elicit a clear view of the specificity of this problem, which is not analogous to the conventional issue of immorality in politics. ‘Dirty hands’ is a problem that cannot be avoided by politicians, because they have responsibility over the ultimate decisions; it follows that people who wish not to dirty their hands should thus refrain from entering the political realm.
Abduction as Deductive Saturation: a Proof-Theoretic Inquiry
Authors: Piazza Mario , Pulcini Gabriele , Sabatini Andrea
Published: September 2023

Abductive reasoning involves finding the missing premise of an “unsaturated” deductive inference, thereby selecting a possible explanans for a conclusion based on a set of previously accepted premises. In this paper, we explore abductive reasoning from a structural proof-theory perspective. We present a hybrid sequent calculus for classical propositional logic that uses sequents and antisequents to define a procedure for identifying the set of analytic hypotheses that a rational agent would be expected to select as explanans when presented with an abductive problem. Specifically, we show that this set may not include the deductively minimal hypothesis due to the presence of redundant information. We also establish that the set of all analytic hypotheses exhausts all possible solutions to the given problem. Finally, we propose a deductive criterion for differentiating between the best explanans candidates and other hypotheses.
Sports fandom in the metaverse: marketing implications and research agenda
Authors: Chohan Raeesah , Schmidt-Devlin Ellen
Published: September 2023

The metaverse is transforming how sports fans consume sports, express their fandom, and interact with sports brands representing professional sports leagues, teams and athletes. However, scholars and practitioners lack an understanding of how sports brands can effectively appeal to their fans using the metaverse. This conceptual study aims to address this gap by combining marketplace evidence and extant research through the lens of social identity theory. The study suggests that sports brands should engage their fans in the metaverse by offering exclusive experiences that strengthen fans’ identification as a fan, facilitating opportunities for fans to demonstrate their fandom and reinforce their association with the fan community, and fostering immersive experiences that enable fans to interact with each other and the sports brand. This study outlines several potential areas for future research based on three themes, namely experiences, personalization, and inclusivity. By addressing these areas, sports brands can better understand and optimize their engagement strategies with fans using the metaverse.
Early diagnosis of liver disease using improved binary butterfly optimization and machine learning algorithms
Authors: Shaban Warda M.
Published: September 2023

Liver disease in patients is on the rise due to environmental factors like toxic gas exposure, contaminated food, drug interactions, and excessive alcohol use. Therefore, diagnosing liver disease is crucial for saving lives and managing the condition effectively. In this paper, a new method called Liver Patients Detection Strategy (LPDS) is proposed for diagnosing liver disease in patients from laboratory data alone. The three main parts of LPDS are data preprocessing, feature selection, and detection. The data from the patient is processed, and any anomalies are removed during this stage. Then, during feature selection phase, the most helpful features are chosen. A novel method is proposed to choose the most relevant features during the feature selection stage. The formal name for this method is IB2OA, which stands for Improved Binary Butterfly Optimization Algorithm. There are two steps to IB2OA, which are; Primary Selection (PS) step and Final Selection (FS) step. This paper presents two enhancements. The first is Information Gain (IG) approach, which is used for initial feature reduction. The second is implementing BOA's initialization with Optimization Based on Opposition (OBO). Finally, five different classifiers, which are Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), Naive Bayes (NB), Decision Tree (DT), and Random Forest (RF) are used to identify patients with liver disease during the detection phase. Results from a battery of experiments show that the proposed IB2OA outperforms the state-of-the-art methods in terms of precision, accuracy, recall, and F-score. In addition, when compared to the state-of-the-art, the proposed model's average selected features score is 4.425. In addition, among all classifiers considered, KNN classifier achieved the highest classification accuracy on the test dataset.
Soil compaction effects on arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis in wheat depend on host plant variety
Authors: Torppa Kaisa A. , Forkman Johannes , Maaroufi Nadia I. , Taylor Astrid R. , Vahter Tanel , Vasar Martti , Weih Martin , Öpik Maarja , Viketoft Maria
Published: September 2023

Background and aims

Supporting arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) nutrient acquisition in crops may reduce the need for fertilizer inputs, leading to more cost effective and sustainable crop production. In wheat, AM fungal responsiveness and benefits of symbiosis vary among varieties. This study explored the role of soil compaction in this variation.

Methods

We examined in a field experiment how soil compaction affects AM fungal colonization and biomass in five spring wheat varieties, and how these varieties differ in their AM-mediated phosphorus (P) uptake. We also studied soil properties, and AM fungal community composition in roots and soil.

Results

Soil compaction increased AM fungal colonization in the variety Alderon, characterized by root traits that indicate inefficient P uptake. Wheat P concentration and P:N ratio in Alderon and Diskett increased with increased root AM fungal colonization and biomass. In Diskett, which is the most cultivated spring wheat variety in Sweden and has intermediate root traits, total P content per m2 also increased with root AM fungal colonization and biomass.

Conclusions

Some wheat varieties, potentially those characterized by P inefficient root traits, such as Alderon, may depend more on AM-mediated P uptake in compacted than in non-compacted soil. Increased P uptake with increased AM fungal colonization in Diskett suggests that efficient root and AM-mediated nutrient uptake can occur simultaneously in a modern variety. Breeding varieties that use roots and AM symbiosis as complementary strategies for nutrient uptake could improve nutrient uptake efficiency and help farmers achieve stable yields in varying conditions.
The ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment in Russia: Adam Smith and Semyon Efimovich Desnitskii on the philosophy of history
Authors: Marchevský Ondrej , Zákutná Sandra
Published: September 2023

The paper focuses on the mutual interaction as well as the impact of the Scottish Enlightenment on the formation of the Enlightenment in Russia during the reign of Catherine the Great. It focuses on the relationship between the work of Adam Smith and Semyon Efimovich Desnitskii, who, thanks to Desnitskii’s studies at the University of Glasgow, got to know each other as teacher and student. The central point of their interaction is the issues of the philosophy of history based on natural-law assumptions and focus on understanding the formation of history, culture, citizenship, and social transformations through morality and law. The paper examines Desnitskii’s ideas on the stages of human coexistence in which Smith’s concept is projected. The paper is not only an attempt to compare these concepts, but it also characterizes Desnitskii’s interest in adapting the ideas of the Scottish Enlightenment to Russian reality and needs and using them in the environment of the advancing feudal empire, to which Desnitskii wants to contribute with his work.
Tactile IoT and 5G & beyond schemes as key enabling technologies for the future metaverse
Authors: Tychola Kyriaki A. , Voulgaridis Konstantinos , Lagkas Thomas
Published: September 2023

The Tactile Internet (TI) is a recently emerging field that has been developing and evolving to date, since its communications parallel the sense of human touch. Lately, the revolutionized concept, Metaverse, draws attention due to the evolved immersive experience of human perception of the surrounding environment. This technology supports the ultimate union between the physical and virtual world, facilitated by 5G and beyond communication networks. Users are capable of interacting with machines and devices in real-time, remotely, resembling the actions of their physical counterparts. The particular approaches are still in their infancy and expected to produce spectacular results in various sectors such as industry, healthcare, autonomous vehicles, etc. This immersion is further assisted by the Internet of Things, while expecting full wireless support by 5G networks. In this article, a systematic review studies the domains of TI, 5G and beyond networks, as well as their relations with the Metaverse, rendering the respective schemes Key Enabling Technologies for the future Metaverse. A thorough analysis is conducted on the underpinning schemes, relative architectures, structures, and operation modes. In addition, a comprehensive list is presented, focusing on related application fields and their benefits, considering the strengths and weaknesses of the involved technologies. Finally, challenges and issues arising are discussed, both from the perspective of technical requirements and the psychosomatic aspect of human experience.
Detection the severity of organophosphate intoxication using sensitive serum biomarkers S100B and amyloid β (Aβ) in Egyptian subjects
Authors: Elhady Mostafa M. , Adly Sara A. , Elshebiny Husam A. , Moselhy Said S.
Published: September 2023

Organophosphate (OP) is a compound considered the main leading cause of morbidity and mortality from poisoning worldwide. Serum pseudocholinesterase was evaluated as a diagnostic indicator; it cannot be used to monitor therapy or severity of the intoxication. The rationale of the current study was to evaluate sensitivity, specificity, and cut-off values of serum S100B and amyloid β for neurological affection severity. This study was carried out on sixty OP-impaired patients; in addition, 20 normal controls were included. Serum liver and kidney function tests, malondialdehyde, pseudocholinesterase, and the levels of S100B and amyloid β (Aβ) were determined. Data showed that Pearson’s analysis indicated that the serum level of S100B was positively correlated with Aβ. On the contrary, the activity of pseudocholinesterase was negatively correlated with both of S100B and Aβ. Serum ALT, AST, creatinine, urea, acetylcholine, and MDA levels were elevated while pseudocholinesterase activity was reduced in moderate and severe OP intoxication versus control. A drastic elevation (p<0.001) in the levels of S100B and Aβ was performed in the patient group suffering from OP intoxication versus the normal group. The diagnostic statistical validation of targeted parameters in distinguishing between moderate OP intoxication and control clarifies that S100B displayed the best AUC (0.997) followed by Aβ (AUC=0.992), while the diagnostic veracity of S100B and Aβ in setting apart severe OP-intoxicated and normal subjects stated the symmetric efficacy of potential markers. It was concluded that the significant changes in the levels of S100B and Aβ were directly proportional to the degree of severity of OP intoxication.
Regional differences in the link between water exchange rate across the blood–brain barrier and cognitive performance in normal aging
Authors: Zachariou Valentinos , Pappas Colleen , Bauer Christopher E. , Shao Xingfeng , Liu Peiying , Lu Hanzhang , Wang Danny J. J. , Gold Brian T.
Published: September 2023

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) undergoes functional changes with aging which may contribute to cognitive decline. A novel, diffusion prepared arterial spin labeling-based MRI technique can measure the rate of water exchange across the BBB (kw) and may thus be sensitive to age-related alterations in water exchange at the BBB. However, studies investigating relationships between kw and cognition have reported different directions of association. Here, we begin to investigate the direction of associations between kw and cognition in different brain regions, and their possible underpinnings, by evaluating links between kw, cognitive performance, and MRI markers of cerebrovascular dysfunction and/or damage. Forty-seven healthy older adults (age range 61–84) underwent neuroimaging to obtain whole-brain measures of kw, cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR), and white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volumes. Additionally, participants completed uniform data set (Version 3) neuropsychological tests of executive function (EF) and episodic memory (MEM). Voxel-wise linear regressions were conducted to test associations between kw and cognitive performance, CVR, and WMH volumes. We found that kw in the frontoparietal brain regions was positively associated with cognitive performance but not with CVR or WMH volumes. Conversely, kw in the basal ganglia was negatively associated with cognitive performance and CVR and positively associated with regional, periventricular WMH volume. These regionally dependent associations may relate to different physiological underpinnings in the relationships between kw and cognition in neocortical versus subcortical brain regions in older adults.
Neue Perspektiven auf Teamdynamik: Kleingruppenforschung, Systemtheorie und die vergessene Ordnung der Situation
Authors: Sailer Patrick
Published: September 2023

In diesem Beitrag der Zeitschrift „Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO)“ werden verschiedene Perspektiven auf Teamdynamik, einschließlich der vernachlässigten Eigendynamik von Situationen, unterschieden und anhand ihrer praktischen Implikationen für agile Teams illustriert. Die Popularität agiler Teams führt zu einer Zunahme der Teamdynamik. Bisherige Studien behandeln jedoch entweder nur einzelne Konzepte ohne integrierenden theoretischen Rahmen oder übertragen gruppendynamische Modelle auf Teams, ohne zwischen Gruppen und Teams zu unterscheiden. In diesem Beitrag werden daher verschiedene Modelle der Gruppen- und Teamdynamik aus der Organisationspsychologie und der Systemtheorie im Kontext agiler Teams diskutiert. Die zentrale These dieses Beitrags ist, dass es für die Analyse von Teamdynamiken nicht ausreicht, Teams in ihren Interaktionen mit Teammitgliedern und Organisationen zu betrachten. Denn agile Methoden wie Scrum zeichnen sich durch iterative Prozesse aus, wodurch sich Situationen wiederholen und eine situative Ordnung entsteht, die nicht identisch ist mit der sozialen Ordnung des Teams. Diese Eigendynamik von Situationen wurde in der bisherigen Forschung zur Teamdynamik vernachlässigt. Abschließend werden die diskutierten Perspektiven auf Teamdynamik zusammengeführt. Dies ermöglicht Berater:innen und Führungskräften, die Herausforderungen und Möglichkeiten von Teamdynamik fundiert und praxisorientiert einzuschätzen.
Hyponatremia and malnutrition: a comprehensive review
Authors: Baez German , Chirio Martin , Pisula Pedro , Seminario Enrique , Carasa Natalia , Philippi Romina , Aroca-Martinez Gustavo , Musso Carlos G.
Published: September 2023

Background

Hyponatremia (serum sodium lower than 135 mmol/L) is the most frequent electrolyte alteration diagnosed in medical practice. It has deleterious clinical effects, being an independent predictor of mortality. Malnutrition encompasses pathological states caused by both nutrients excess and deficiency, being frequently documented in chronic kidney disease patients. In addition, chronic hyponatremia promotes adiposity loss and sarcopenia, while malnutrition can induce hyponatremia. This pathological interaction is mediated by four main mechanisms: altered electrolyte body composition (low sodium, low potassium, low phosphorus, or high-water body content), systemic inflammation (cytokines increase), hormonal mechanisms (renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system activation, vasopressin release), and anorexia (primary or secondary).

Conclusion

Malnutrition can induce hyponatremia through hydro-electrolytic, hormonal, inflammatory, or nutritional behavior changes; while hyponatremia per se can induce malnutrition, so there is a pathophysiological feedback between both conditions.
Investigating the potential mechanism of quercetin against cervical cancer
Authors: Chu Man , Ji Huihui , Li Kehan , Liu Hejing , Peng Mengjia , Wang Zhiwei , Zhu Xueqiong
Published: September 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is emerging as a potential target of increased susceptibility to coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19), leading to compromised survival rates. Despite this critical link, efficacious anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 interventions remain limited. Quercetin, known for its efficacy against both cancer and viral infections, holds promise as a therapeutic agent. This study aims to elucidate quercetin’s anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 mechanisms and potential targets.

Methods

We initiated our investigation with differential gene expression analysis using cervical cancer transcriptome data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), focusing on intersections with COVID-19-related genes. Network pharmacology was employed to identify the shared targets between cervical cancer/COVID-19 DEGs and quercetin’s targets. Subsequently, Cox proportional hazards analyses were employed to establish a risk score based on these genes. Molecular docking techniques were applied to predict quercetin’s therapeutic targets and mechanisms for mitigating cervical cancer and COVID-19.

Results

Our findings unveiled 45 potential quercetin targets with anti-cervical cancer/COVID-19 actions. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses highlighted significant enrichment in immune pathways and COVID-19-related pathways. A refined risk score model, comprising PLA2G7, TNF, TYK2, F2, and NRP1, effectively stratified cervical cancer patients into distinct risk groups. Importantly, molecular docking analyses illuminated quercetin’s remarkable binding affinity to the primary protease of the coronavirus.

Conclusions

In summation, our study suggests that quercetin holds promise as a potential therapeutic agent for mitigating coronavirus function, specifically through its interaction with the primary protease. This research offers novel insights into exploring COVID-19 susceptibility and enhancing survival in cervical cancer patients.
Fingerprinting Bitcoin entities using money flow representation learning
Authors: Tovanich Natkamon , Cazabet Rémy
Published: September 2023

Deanonymization is one of the major research challenges in the Bitcoin blockchain, as entities are pseudonymous and cannot be identified from the on-chain data. Various approaches exist to identify multiple addresses of the same entity, i.e., address clustering. But it is known that these approaches tend to find several clusters for the same actor. In this work, we propose to assign a fingerprint to entities based on the dynamic graph of the taint flow of money originating from them, with the idea that we could identify multiple clusters of addresses belonging to the same entity as having similar fingerprints. We experiment with different configurations to generate substructure patterns from taint flows before embedding them using representation learning models. To evaluate our method, we train classification models to identify entities from their fingerprints. Experiments show that our approach can accurately classify entities on three datasets. We compare different fingerprint strategies and show that including the temporality of transactions improves classification accuracy and that following the flow for too long impairs performance. Our work demonstrates that out-flow fingerprinting is a valid approach for recognizing multiple clusters of the same entity.
Fluctuations of the local times of the self-repelling random walk with directed edges
Authors: Marêché Laure
Published: September 2023

In 2008, Tóth and Vető defined the self-repelling random walk with directed edges as a non-Markovian random walk on
$\unicode{x2124}$
: in this model, the probability that the walk moves from a point of
$\unicode{x2124}$
to a given neighbor depends on the number of previous crossings of the directed edge from the initial point to the target, called the local time of the edge. Tóth and Vető found that this model exhibited very peculiar behavior, as the process formed by the local times of all the edges, evaluated at a stopping time of a certain type and suitably renormalized, converges to a deterministic process, instead of a random one as in similar models. In this work, we study the fluctuations of the local times process around its deterministic limit, about which nothing was previously known. We prove that these fluctuations converge in the Skorokhod
$M_1$
topology, as well as in the uniform topology away from the discontinuities of the limit, but not in the most classical Skorokhod topology. We also prove the convergence of the fluctuations of the aforementioned stopping times.
Identifying what works for whom: Implementation outcomes following iLookOut, a child abuse identification and referral training program
Authors: Barnett Whitney C. , Panlilio Carlomagno C. , Mullins Casey , Levi Benjamin H. , Humphreys Kathryn L.
Published: September 2023

Introduction:

iLookOut, a web-based child abuse training for early childcare professionals (ECPs), has been shown to improve knowledge and attitudes related to correctly identifying and reporting suspected cases of child abuse. The overarching goal of the present study is to examine “what works for whom” for iLookOut in order to identify strategies for optimizing learner outcomes.

Methods:

This prospective study enrolled 12,705 ECPs who completed iLookOut (November 2014–December 2018). We used structural equation models to test whether learner demographic and professional characteristics were differentially associated with implementation outcomes (i.e., acceptability and appropriateness) and whether these mediated subsequent indicators of training effectiveness (i.e., gains in knowledge).

Results:

Consistent with previous research, individuals with lower baseline knowledge scores showed greater knowledge gains (β = −.57; p < .001). Greater knowledge gains were seen for learners who reported higher acceptability (β = .08; p < .001) or appropriateness (β = .14; p < .001). Implementation outcomes strongly associated with knowledge gains included acceptability for female learners and appropriateness for learners who had not completed high school or had >15 years of experience in childcare settings. Where mediation was found, for the majority of groups, appropriateness emerged as the driving mediator.

Conclusion:

Implementation outcomes emerged as important drivers of knowledge change for most groups. The iLookOut Core Training’s use of a multimedia learning environment, video-based storylines, and game-based techniques were endorsed by learners and correlated with increases in knowledge. Future work should explore why aspects of the iLookOut training are rated as less acceptable or appropriate by some groups and what changes would improve efficacy for low performing learners.
Process evaluation of an academic dissemination and implementation science capacity building program
Authors: Viglione Clare , Rabin Borsika , Fang Olivia , Sheckter Laura , Aarons Gregory A. , Brookman-Frazee Lauren , Stadnick Nicole A.
Published: September 2023

The UC San Diego Altman Clinical and Translational Research Institute Dissemination and Implementation Science Center (DISC) launched in 2020 to provide dissemination and implementation science (DIS) training, technical assistance, community engagement, and research advancement. DISC developed a program-wide logic model to inform a process evaluation of member engagement and impact related to DISC services. The DISC Logic Model (DLM) served as the framework for a process evaluation capturing quantitative and qualitative information about scientific activities, outputs, and outcomes. The evaluation involved a multimethod approach with surveys, attendance tracking, feedback forms, documentation of grant outcomes, and promotions metrics (e.g., Twitter engagement). There were 540 DISC Members at the end of year 2 of the DISC. Engagement in the DISC was high with nearly all members endorsing at least one scientific activity. Technical assistance offerings such as DISC Journal Club and consultation were most frequently used. The most common scientific outputs were grant submission (65, 39%), formal mentoring for career award (40, 24%), and paper submission (34, 21%). The DLM facilitated a comprehensive process evaluation of our center. Actionable steps include prioritizing technical assistance, strengthening networking opportunities, identifying streamlined approaches to facilitate DIS grant writing through writing workshops, as well as “office hours” or organized writing leagues.
Strongly mixing systems are almost strongly mixing of all orders
Authors: BERGELSON V. , ZELADA R.
Published: September 2023

We prove that any strongly mixing action of a countable abelian group on a probability space has higher-order mixing properties. This is achieved via the utilization of
$\mathcal R$
-limits, a notion of convergence which is based on the classical Ramsey theorem.
$\mathcal R$
-limits are intrinsically connected with a new combinatorial notion of largeness which is similar to but has stronger properties than the classical notions of uniform density one and IP
$^*$
. While the main goal of this paper is to establish a universal property of strongly mixing actions of countable abelian groups, our results, when applied to
${\mathbb {Z}}$
-actions, offer a new way of dealing with strongly mixing transformations. In particular, we obtain several new characterizations of strong mixing for
${\mathbb {Z}}$
-actions, including a result which can be viewed as the analogue of the weak mixing of all orders property established by Furstenberg in the course of his proof of Szemerédi’s theorem. We also demonstrate the versatility of
$\mathcal R$
-limits by obtaining new characterizations of higher-order weak and mild mixing for actions of countable abelian groups.
Community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs: a scoping review
Authors: Greatorex Brooks Emma , McInerney Mark
Published: September 2023

Identify and categorise different models of community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs, to determine variation in terms of methodology, target population characteristics, and outcomes measured. Applying the scoping review methodology, ten electronic databases were utilised to identify community-based fruit and vegetable incentive programs. Results were evaluated by two independent reviewers, using Covidence software. All full-text reviews were completed and documented using the PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Search results were stored and reviewed within the Covidence software. Thirty full-text articles were utilised from the 40 206 identified in the search. Target populations were predominantly female, non-white, and low-income. Considerable heterogeneity was found in both study design and quality. Fruit and vegetable vouchers were utilised in 63 % (n 19) of the studies. Prescriptions were primarily provided by community health centres (47 %; n 14) or NGOs (307 %; n 9) and could be redeemed at farmers’ markets (40 %; n 12) or grocery stores (27 %; n 8). When measured, diet quality significantly improved in 94 % (n 16), health outcomes significantly improved in 83 % (n 10), and food security status improved in 82 % (n 10) of studies. Providing financial incentives to offset the cost of fresh fruits and vegetables can increase consumption, improve health outcomes, and improve food security status. The majority of studies showed significant improvements in at least one outcome, demonstrating the effectiveness of community-based fruit and vegetable prescription programs. However, the diversity of measurement techniques and heterogeneity of design, dosage, and duration impeded meaningful comparisons. Further well-designed studies are warranted to compare the magnitude of effects among different program methodologies.
Dietary palm oil enhances Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis through inducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in muscle of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea)
Authors: Zhao Zengqi , Li Baolin , Chen Qiang , Xiang Xiaojun , Xu Xiang , Han Shangzhe , Lai Wencong , Li Yueru , Xu Wei , Mai Kangsen , Ai Qinghui
Published: September 2023

Sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2) is considered to be a major regulator to control cholesterol homoeostasis in mammals. However, the role of SREBP2 in teleost remains poorly understand. Here, we explored the molecular characterisation of SREBP2 and identified SREBP2 as a key modulator for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase and 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase, which were rate-limiting enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis. Moreover, dietary palm oil in vivo or palmitic acid (PA) treatment in vitro elevated cholesterol content through triggering SREBP2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis in large yellow croaker. Furthermore, our results also found that PA-induced activation of SREBP2 was dependent on the stimulating of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in croaker myocytes and inhibition of ERS by 4-Phenylbutyric acid alleviated PA-induced SREBP2 activation and cholesterol biosynthesis. In summary, our findings reveal a novel insight for understanding the role of SREBP2 in the regulation of cholesterol metabolism in fish and may deepen the link between dietary fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis.
Shared intentionality and divine persons: explorations in empirical psychology and ramified natural theology
Authors: Bray Dennis P.
Published: September 2023

This article explores the intersection of two developing fields of study: the psychological field of shared intentionality and the philosophy of religion field of ramified natural theology. In shared intentionality, agents share mental states and cooperate to achieve a common goal. Many psychologists in this field believe that of all the primates, only humans share intentionality – humans alone form a ‘we’. Ramified natural theology is the project of presenting philosophical evidences for core doctrines of the Christian faith. In this article I investigate some applications of shared intentionality for Christian natural theology. In the Anselmian tradition I offer two deductive arguments that deploy shared intentionality to argue that there are multiple divine persons. I then suggest that analogical arguments – often overlooked by philosophers of religion – provide a better fit for psychological findings, such as shared intentionality. After sketching some fundamental features of analogical arguments, I advance two arguments by analogy for the conclusion that God, like humans, shares intentionality. These arguments show that the psychology of shared intentionality, and empirical psychology more generally, is a promising source for theological reflection.
It’s the procedures, stupid: The success and failures of Chile’s Constitutional Convention
Authors: Ginsburg Tom , Álvarez Isabel
Published: September 2023

Chile’s experience with its Constitutional Convention from 2021 to 2022 sheds light on an important issue for comparative reflection: the role of procedures in constitution-making processes. The Constitutional Convention was bound by procedures that were both externally imposed and internally created. Our assessment is that, while some procedures improved representation and deliberation, the most important decision-making procedures were pernicious to the process. We argue that looking at procedures is fundamental when analysing constitutional processes, as the rules that bind rule-making processes can significantly impact not only their functioning, but also their outcomes.
True North, Strong and Free—And Better Oriented
Authors: El-Said Mohammed
Published: September 2023

Researchers explored a method for locating true north using the polarization patterns of daylight.
Data‐Driven Placement of PM2.5 Air Quality Sensors in the United States: An Approach to Target Urban Environmental Injustice
Authors: Kelp Makoto M. , Fargiano Timothy C. , Lin Samuel , Liu Tianjia , Turner Jay R. , Kutz J. Nathan , Mickley Loretta J.
Published: September 2023

In the United States, citizens and policymakers heavily rely upon Environmental Protection Agency mandated regulatory networks to monitor air pollution; increasingly they also depend on low‐cost sensor networks to supplement spatial gaps in regulatory monitor networks coverage. Although these regulatory and low‐cost networks in tandem provide enhanced spatiotemporal coverage in urban areas, low‐cost sensors are located often in higher income, predominantly White areas. Such disparity in coverage may exacerbate existing inequalities and impact the ability of different communities to respond to the threat of air pollution. Here we present a study using cost‐constrained multiresolution dynamic mode decomposition (mrDMDcc) to identify the optimal and equitable placement of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) sensors in four U.S. cities with histories of racial or income segregation: St. Louis, Houston, Boston, and Buffalo. This novel approach incorporates the variation of PM2.5 on timescales ranging from 1 day to over a decade to capture air pollution variability. We also introduce a cost function into the sensor placement optimization that represents the balance between our objectives of capturing PM2.5 extremes and increasing pollution monitoring in low‐income and nonwhite areas. We find that the mrDMDcc algorithm places a greater number of sensors in historically low‐income and nonwhite neighborhoods with known environmental pollution problems compared to networks using PM2.5 information alone. Our work provides a roadmap for the creation of equitable sensor networks in U.S. cities and offers a guide for democratizing air pollution data through increasing spatial coverage of low‐cost sensors in less privileged communities.
Diapycnal Upwelling Over the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge in the North Pacific Ocean
Authors: Xiao Xin , Zhou Chun , Yang Qingxuan , Jing Zhiyou , Liu Zhiyu , Yuan Dongliang , Xu Zhenhua , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei
Published: September 2023

A significant portion (∼2.1 Sv, 1 Sv = 106 m3 s−1) of deep water penetrates into the Philippine Sea through the Yap‐Mariana Junction, the sole passage of the Philippine Sea below 4,000 m, and is then upwelled into shallower layers, closing regional overturning circulation. Yet, the structure and variability of this diapycnal upwelling remain poorly understood. Here, we report on a fine‐resolution hydrographic observation conducted at the most significant topographic feature in the Philippine Sea, the Kyushu‐Palau Ridge (KPR). Enhanced mixing up to O(10−2) m2 s−1 near the KPR is manifested, indicating the presence of substantial upwelling herein. Besides, the ridge‐related topography contributes more deep‐water mass transformation than abyssal basins in the Philippine Sea. This study highlights the significant role of rough bathymetry features in generating diapycnal upwelling in the North Pacific.
Remote Insolation Forcing of Orbital‐Scale South Asian Summer Monsoon Variability
Authors: Zhang Xiaojian , Chen Chunzhu , Zhao Wenwei
Published: September 2023

Whether the South Asian summer monsoon (SASM) is controlled by local or remote insolation at the orbital band remains uncertain. Here, we perform a transient simulation forced by Earth's orbital parameters between 400 and 350 ka BP, a period characterized by significant contrast between local and remote insolation, to identify the SASM's response to insolation forcing. Simulation results suggest that the primary driver of orbital‐scale SASM variability is the Northern Hemisphere high‐latitude June insolation, as opposed to local insolation. High June insolation in the Southern Hemisphere might reduce the SASM intensity. Remote insolation influences the SASM by altering the latitudinal thermal gradient and, consequently, the meridional position of the South Asian high (SAH). The SAH is associated with intense convection and hence drives the meridional shift of the intertropical convergence zone and the SASM rain belt. Thus, orbital‐scale SASM variability is strongly related to remote insolation forcing.
Examining the Summertime Ozone Formation Regime in Southeast Michigan Using MOOSE Ground‐Based HCHO/NO2 Measurements and F0AM Box Model
Authors: Xiong Ying , Chai Jiajue , Mao Huiting , Mariscal Noribeth , Yacovitch Tara , Lerner Brian , Majluf Francesca , Canagaratna Manjula , Olaguer Eduardo P. , Huang Yaoxian
Published: September 2023

Ambient ozone (O3) concentrations in Southeast Michigan (SEMI) can exceed the U.S. National Ambient Air Quality Standard. Despite past efforts to measure O3 precursors and elucidate reaction mechanisms, changing emission patterns and atmospheric composition in SEMI warrant new measurements and updated mechanisms to understand the causes of observed O3 exceedances. In this study, we examine the chemical drivers of O3 exceedances in SEMI, based on the Phase I MOOSE (Michigan‐Ontario Ozone Source Experiment) field study performed during May to June 2021. A zero‐dimensional (0‐D) box model is constrained with measurement data of meteorology and trace gas concentrations. Box model sensitivity simulations suggest that the formaldehyde to nitrogen dioxide ratio (HCHO/NO2) for the transition between the volatile organic compounds (VOCs)‐ and nitrogen oxides (NOx)‐limited O3 production regimes is 3.0 ± 0.3 in SEMI. The midday (12:00–16:00) averaged HCHO/NO2 ratio during the MOOSE Phase I study is 1.62 ± 1.03, suggesting that O3 production in SEMI is limited by VOC emissions. This finding implies that imposing stricter regulations on VOC emissions should be prioritized for the SEMI O3 nonattainment area. This study, through its use of ground‐based HCHO/NO2 ratios and box modeling to assess O3‐VOC‐NOx sensitivities, has significant implications for air quality policy and the design of effective O3 pollution control strategies, especially in O3 nonattainment areas.
Elucidating the Impacts of Various Atmospheric Ventilation Conditions on Local and Transboundary Ozone Pollution Patterns: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Zong Lian , Yang Yuanjian , Xia Haiyun , Yuan Jinlong , Guo Min
Published: September 2023

The ventilation condition in the atmospheric boundary layer, which varies with the synoptic pattern, is a crucial factor affecting the transport and dispersion of air pollutants. In this study, taking Beijing as an example, local ozone (O3) accumulation and the transboundary O3 pollution (TOP) patterns during the warm season were explored under different boundary layer ventilation conditions by using integrated objective weather classification, non‐negative matrix factorization, and backward trajectory model. Results show that local sources are a major contributor to O3 pollution in the whole of Beijing, accounting for ∼73.36% of the O3 concentration on average. The local accumulation is mainly facilitated by poor ventilation conditions with weak wind speeds (<3 m/s) under favorable photochemical reaction conditions and abundant precursors, resulting in local O3 events. In contrast, the occurrence of synoptic patterns associated with TOP is more frequent, so the TOP contribution cannot be ignored, especially for the northern regions, where it may exceed 50%. Horizontal wind vector variations play a marked role in driving the TOP, affecting not only the location of the source region and transport pathway but also the transport distance and volume. In addition, a strong nocturnal low‐level jet (LLJ) results in horizontal transport and a temporary rise in O3 concentration, while a daytime LLJ stimulates a peak in O3 concentration over the downwind area, lagging by about 1 hr. Our findings provide new perspectives on the effects of boundary layer ventilation on the regulation of O3 pollution, as well as other air pollutants.
Shared and distinct structural brain networks related to childhood maltreatment and social support: connectome-based predictive modeling
Authors: Winter Alexandra , Gruber Marius , Thiel Katharina , Flinkenflügel Kira , Meinert Susanne , Goltermann Janik , Winter Nils R. , Borgers Tiana , Stein Frederike , Jansen Andreas , Brosch Katharina , Wroblewski Adrian , Thomas-Odenthal Florian , Usemann Paula , Straube Benjamin , Alexander Nina , Jamalabadi Hamidreza , Nenadić Igor , Bonnekoh Linda M. , Dohm Katharina , Leehr Elisabeth J. , Opel Nils , Grotegerd Dominik , Hahn Tim , van den Heuvel Martijn P. , Kircher Tilo , Repple Jonathan , Dannlowski Udo
Published: September 2023

Childhood maltreatment (CM) has been associated with changes in structural brain connectivity even in the absence of mental illness. Social support, an important protective factor in the presence of childhood maltreatment, has been positively linked to white matter integrity. However, the shared effects of current social support and CM and their association with structural connectivity remain to be investigated. They might shed new light on the neurobiological basis of the protective mechanism of social support. Using connectome-based predictive modeling (CPM), we analyzed structural connectomes of N = 904 healthy adults derived from diffusion-weighted imaging. CPM predicts phenotypes from structural connectivity through a cross-validation scheme. Distinct and shared networks of white matter tracts predicting childhood trauma questionnaire scores and the social support questionnaire were identified. Additional analyses were applied to assess the stability of the results. CM and social support were predicted significantly from structural connectome data (all rs ≥ 0.119, all ps ≤ 0.016). Edges predicting CM and social support were inversely correlated, i.e., positively correlated with CM and negatively with social support, and vice versa, with a focus on frontal and temporal regions including the insula and superior temporal lobe. CPM reveals the predictive value of the structural connectome for CM and current social support. Both constructs are inversely associated with connectivity strength in several brain tracts. While this underlines the interconnectedness of these experiences, it suggests social support acts as a protective factor following adverse childhood experiences, compensating for brain network alterations. Future longitudinal studies should focus on putative moderating mechanisms buffering these adverse experiences.
Endoplasmic reticulum stress: molecular mechanism and therapeutic targets
Authors: Chen Xingyi , Shi Chaoran , He Meihui , Xiong Siqi , Xia Xiaobo
Published: September 2023

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a quality-control organelle for protein homeostasis, or “proteostasis”. The protein quality control systems involve ER-associated degradation, protein chaperons, and autophagy. ER stress is activated when proteostasis is broken with an accumulation of misfolded and unfolded proteins in the ER. ER stress activates an adaptive unfolded protein response to restore proteostasis by initiating protein kinase R-like ER kinase, activating transcription factor 6, and inositol requiring enzyme 1. ER stress is multifaceted, and acts on aspects at the epigenetic level, including transcription and protein processing. Accumulated data indicates its key role in protein homeostasis and other diverse functions involved in various ocular diseases, such as glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, achromatopsia, cataracts, ocular tumors, ocular surface diseases, and myopia. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned ocular diseases from an ER stress perspective. Drugs (chemicals, neurotrophic factors, and nanoparticles), gene therapy, and stem cell therapy are used to treat ocular diseases by alleviating ER stress. We delineate the advancement of therapy targeting ER stress to provide new treatment strategies for ocular diseases.