bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From archebiosis to evolution of organisms and informational systems
Authors: Natochin Yuri , Chernigovskaya Tatiana
Published: October 2020

Laws of evolution seem to be relevant not only for biological domains, but for informational systems. This paper provides a sketch of a comparison of two systems — that of homeostatic systems, and that of language evolution. We argue that the patterns of evolution of functions are hierarchically organized according to four main levels: I — the primary level: a cell in biology, a phoneme in language; II — functional units: a nephron, a morpheme; III — organs: a kidney (a lung, a heart, etc.), a word; IV — systems: physico-chemical constancy, a sentence or a phrase. There is a set of restrictions for each domain: the linguistic changes have not occurred in all languages, in many cases they are still underway, there are ‘old’ and ‘young’ languages, etc. Such comparisons appear to be relevant and can be applied to objects as far removed as these. This allows us to speak of certain evolutionary universals.
Prognostic Parameters in Myeloid Malignancies in a Historical Context – From Microscopy to Individualized Medicine
Authors: Jäger Paul , Twarock Sören , Haas Rainer
Published: October 2020

With this article, we would like to take the reader on a journey into the world of molecular
medicine as it has evolved over the past decades, enabled by advances in genomics. These findings
advanced both the development of prognostic parameters and the evolvement of therapy strategies.
In this manuscript, we will present haematopoietic diseases as a prime example of this
progress because they are relevant not only for their frequency but also for the evident diagnostic
and therapeutic progress. The growing understanding of the underlying pathophysiology originates
from the cellular pathology as it was described by, e.g., Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902). The identification
of specific genomic changes in haematological malignancies and solid tumour diseases provided
us with very sensitive tools for diagnostics and prediction of prognosis. Thus, it paved the
way for individualized or personalized therapy. In particular, the rapid development of sequencing
techniques for the human genome using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) has contributed to this
progress. Recently, artificial intelligence provided us with the tools to analyze the complex interactions
of genomic alterations, course of the disease, and further factors of as yet unknown significance.
With all these indisputable improvements, we should not neglect the holistic treatment mandate
of personalized therapy, i.e., therapy appropriate to the individual. In this context, the treating
physician should address relevant co-morbidities, the psychosocial embedding of the patient and
his desire for treatment.
Oncologic Children Undergoing Radiotherapy: Ways to Alleviate the Psychological Burden: A Review
Authors: Skoutari Angeliki , Chounta Eftychia , Skenteris Nikolaos , Tsoukalas Nikolaos , Alexopoulou Aikaterini , Tolia Maria
Published: October 2020

Background:

Radiation therapy is stressful for both the patient and family. After a
child's cancer diagnosis, parents face the burden of dealing with fear, their children's needs and the
unfamiliarity of radiotherapy procedure.

Introduction:

This paper aims to present methods to alleviate the total psychological stress those
children and parents feel during the radiation course.

Method:

A literature search was performed until January 2020.

Result:

Previous publications suggest a multidisciplinary proactive approach involving health professionals,
patient, family, and extended family to lessen the stress associated with radiation therapy.
A well-trained, specialist, healthcare radiotherapy-pediatric staff can help, educate and communicate
effectively with the family. Maintaining the same health staff during radiotherapy creates intimacy
and reduces anxiety. All necessary age-appropriate information as well as a list available
with the most important things about the care-giving should be clearly written and easily accessible.
An information exchange system among all the health specialists involved must be developed.
Friendly and playful specialists are crucial in familiarizing the child with the computed tomography
(CT) machines and radiotherapy process. A tablet with an educating application or machine
models installed in the waiting area can be useful. Creative arts therapy may be a positive intervention.
Maintaining a normal routine is vital for the psychological well-being of parents and children.
A social worker may assist in regaining a good mental state.

Conclusion:

With ongoing age-appropriate information and psychological support throughout the whole radiation period,
both parents and child will be more optimistic, strong and encouraged to fight for the child’s and family’s well-being.
Design and Analysis of a High Efficient Multi-Segment Redundancy Linear Motor
Authors: Shi Chunyuan , Jiang Jingang , Wang Lei , Pan Wei , Tang Zili , Zeng Yang
Published: October 2020

Background:

The electromagnetic aircraft launch system helps the carrier aircraft accelerate
take-off on a short distance on the flight deck. Linear motors are required to have high efficiency and
thrust / volume ratio, as the actuator of the EMALS. In addition, linear motors were required to have
the fluctuation of the thrust is as small as possible to prevent impact and overstress on the airborne
equipment. The thrust performance and thrust fluctuation suppression of linear motors are the current
research hotspots in the field of EMALS.

Objective:

This paper proposes a multi-segment LPMSM to improve the efficiency of the system.

Methods:

We design a decentralized primary structure based on the Autonomous Decentralized System
(ADS) concept. Only the coils near the moving secondary are motivated during the launch process. The
others could be released from being driven after the secondary slide over; this control will save energy.

Results:

A multi-segment linear motor is proposed to improve the efficiency of the EMALS. This motor
consists of two sections - the one with iron core for the low speed process and the one without iron
core for the high speed process.

Conclusion:

The normal direction component of the air gap magnetic flux density is much larger than that of the
longitudinal component, and their values are 80-90% and 10-20% respectively. For the normal direction component, it is
mainly affected by the third, seventh, and ninth harmonics. The accelerating and energy test results show that, in the
accelerating process, the efficiency of the linear motor can be more than 90%, and the acceleration is stable.
A Computational Model for Driver Risk Evaluation and Crash Prediction Using Contextual Data from On-board Telematics
Authors: Mittal Sangeeta , Jain Neetika
Published: October 2020

Introduction:

Vehicle crashes can be hazardous to public safety and may cause infrastructure
damage. Risky driving significantly raises the possibility of the occurrence of a vehicle crash. As
per statistics by the World Health Organization (WHO), approximately 1.35 million people are involved
in road traffic crashes resulting in loss of life or physical disability. WHO attributes events
like over-speeding, drunken driving, distracted driving, dilapidated road infrastructure and unsafe
practices such as non-use of helmets and seatbelts to road traffic accidents. As these driving events
negatively affect driving quality and enhance the risk of a vehicle crash, they are termed as negative
driving attributes.

Methods:

A multi-level hierarchical fuzzy rules-based computational model has been designed to
capture risky driving by a driver as a driving risk index. Data from the onboard telematics device and
vehicle controller area network is used for capturing the required information in a naturalistic way
during actual driving conditions. Fuzzy rules-based aggregation and inference mechanisms have
been designed to alert about the possibility of a crash due to the onset of risky driving.

Results:

On-board telematics data of 3213 sub-trips of 19 drivers has been utilized to learn long term
risky driving attributes. Furthermore, the current trip assessment of these drivers demonstrates the
efficacy of the proposed model in correctly modeling the driving risk index of all of them, including
7 drivers who were involved in a crash after the monitored trip.

Conclusions:

In this work, risky driving behavior has been associated not just with rash driving but
also other contextual data like driver’s long-term risk aptitude and environmental context such as
type of roads, traffic volume and weather conditions. Trip-wise risky driving behavior of six out of
seven drivers, who had met with a crash during that trip, was correctly predicted during evaluation.
Similarly, for the other 12 drivers, the model accurately predicted safe driving behavior as these
drivers did not meet with any vehicle crash. The proposed model can be used as an alert mechanism
to indicate potential crash scenarios to the driver. The current study did not study lane changing behavior
in detail due to difficulty in capturing road lanes in the Indian context.
Countering Terrorism Through Multilateralism: Reviewing the Role of the United Nations
Authors: Tiwari Ayushi , Kashyap Parimal
Published: October 2020

The United Nations (UN) came into being after the world had been ravaged by two World Wars and was on the brink of a Cold War. It was uncharted territory, even for a global organisation, to acknowledge the perils of the new era, which were not limited to regional issues but also included territorial and communal tensions, the arrival of full-fledged non- State organisations and an intrinsic link to politics. The UN has witnessed the development of terrorism as a major international issue. Many of its agencies were conceived as part of its counter-terrorism strategy. It has sought the implementation of this strategy on an operational basis worldwide and brought about cooperation, aid and assistance for the same. This article analyses the history of the UN’s role in defining and countering terrorism, along with the reconfiguration of its stance according to the changing times. It lays out various new challenges put forth by terrorism in the 21st century and questions the legitimacy of the UN’s current counter-terrorism strategy. While advocating the necessity of the UN as a guide, a watch dog and an initiator, it highlights the major hurdles in a comprehensive plan of action and suggests a way forward to the revise the perception of the threat and realign the existing institutional efforts and policy changes, as well as highlighting the need to reconfigure the responses and techniques used.
Protection of the Environment through the Lens of Syria: Scrutinizing the Loopholes in the Prevailing Legislative Framework
Authors: Prus Alexandra
Published: October 2020

This paper critically analyzes selected aspects of the current legal framework regarding the protection of the environment during the non-international armed conflict in Syria. The water damage that is occurring in Syria is particularly scrutinized. Preserving the environment is essential for safeguarding the planet for future generations. The potentiality of any armed conflict not only poses a threat to the peace and safety of the environment but can have exhaustive repercussions. Therefore, this topic is of the utmost importance and the objective of my research is to examine the relevant law, or the lack thereof. International humanitarian law will be placed at the forefront, along with customary international law which will provide an alternative approach. Where necessary, secondary sources will supplement the research in order to broaden its scope. The meaning of the ‘natural environment’ as opposed to the ‘environment’ will be assessed and applied to the water damage in order to establish whether or not it can be considered damage to the natural environment. A comparative approach will be taken for the purpose of analyzing all pertinent sources, with the intention of providing a conclusion that showcases the environment as the silent victim of armed conflicts.
Record of an alleged Solitary Eagle in Oaxaca is a Great Black Hawk
Authors: Clark William S. , Clinton-Eitniear Jack , Phillips Ryan A.
Published: October 2020

In a recent article in this journal (García-Grajales et al., 2018), an adult Great Black Hawk (Buteogallus urubitinga) was mistakenly identified as an adult of the Solitary Eagle (Buteogallus solitarius). The Solitary Eagle differs from the Greater Black Eagle in having the longest and widest wings, and the shortest tail. These characteristics give it a more triangular shape in flight. These differences are easy to see in Figures 1–3. The same authors also cite a case of the nesting of the Solitary Eagle in Mexico (Smith, 1982). However, after reviewing photos of the young, we consider that this record is probably the Common Black Hawk (B. anthracinus). The illustrations of the Solitary Eagle in field guides of Mexico and Central America (Howell & Webb, 1995; Van Perlo, 2006) demonstrate greater similarity with the Great Black Hawk, contributing to the frequent confusion of the two species if used without consulting the text. The new features published here and in Clark et al. (2006) and Clark and Schmitt (2017) should help with correct identification of Buteogallus species in the future.
Pengembangan E-Modul Pembelajaran CAD Berbasis Android untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Menggambar 3D
Authors: Ramadhani Izza Ariffatur , Yudiono Heri
Published: October 2020

This study aims to produce an android-based e-module on CAD that has quality (feasible, effective, and practical) in improving student learning outcomes. The method used is the Research and Development (R&D) approach, which consists of preliminary studies, development, and testing by experts and practitioners to ensure that the e-module meets the requirements (feasible and practical) as a learning media. Limited trials were conducted through a true-experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. This experiment was conducted to test the effectiveness of e-modules during the learning process. The analysis used includes a validity test, reliability test, normality test, homogeneity test, independent-sample t-test, and N-Gain test. The results of the study found that the e-module products that met the standards of material and media feasibility based on expert judgment and e-modules were very practical and effective to improve learning outcomes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan e-modul pembelajaran CAD berbasis android yang memiliki kualitas (layak, efektif dan praktis) yang dapat membantu meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan Research and Development (R&D) yang terdiri dari studi pendahuluan, pengembangan dan pengujian oleh beberapa ahli dan praktisi untuk memastikan bahwa e-modul tersebut memenuhi syarat (layak dan praktis) sebagai media pembelajaran. Uji coba terbatas dilakukan melalui true-eksperimental design dengan pretest-posttest control group design. Eksperimen ini dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas e-modul selama proses pembelajaran. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi uji validitas, uji reliabilitas, uji normalitas, uji homogenitas, dan uji independent sample t test serta uji N-Gain. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan produk e-modul yang telah memenuhi standar kelayakan materi dan media berdasarkan penilaian ahli serta e-modul sangat praktis dan efektif untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar.
Reflexões sobre o conflito entre religião e homossexualidade
Authors: Silva Gonçalves Guilherme
Published: October 2020

Este artigo investiga alguns aspectos psicológicos que influenciaram o conflito entre homossexualidade e religião ao longo da história, tendo a psicologia analítica de C. G. Jung como referência teórica principal. Essa questão é relevante, pois a presente divisão ideológica no Brasil pode levar os que apoiam a comunidade LGBTI+ a se afastarem dos símbolos religiosos. Na perspectiva junguiana, esse afastamento é um problema, uma vez que traz prejuízo aos próprios indivíduos. O artigo inicia com a análise de exemplos de religiões que proíbem relações entre pessoas do mesmo sexo. Posteriormente, são investigados os mitos e características psicológicas gerais da humanidade que fundamentam esses dogmas. Em seguida, descreve-se a relação da religião com certos mecanismos arcaicos de orientação psicológica. Conclui-se que quando imagens mitológicas, como o casal heterossexual divino, são interpretadas literalmente e não simbolicamente, formas diferentes de sexualidade podem ser desvalorizadas. Além disso, em diversas culturas, fenômenos naturais menos frequentes são considerados transgressões que exigem expiação. Nas religiões estudadas aqui, a homossexualidade foi incluída entre esses fenômenos, mesmo que isso não tenha acontecido em outras tradições. A soma das experiências religiosas que refletem a vivência da média, composta por maioria heterossexual, influencia os tabus sexuais da comunidade. Por fim, o artigo descreve o processo de individuação, uma forma de solucionar conflitos entre as características do indivíduo e os valores coletivos, possibilitando uma nova via de acesso aos símbolos das tradições religiosas, interpretando-os como símbolos da realização da própria individualidade.
Imagens em competição: a diferença de perspectiva na construção de julgamentos baseados em vídeo
Authors: Banhato Douglas Salgado , Riccio Vicente
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo analisa um evento altamente mediatizado no Brasil que mobilizou julgamentos realizados em ambiente online. Duas versões do fato foram expostas na mídia tradicional e na internet. A pesquisa discute de que maneira a exposição de imagens no ambiente virtual mobilizou posicionamentos de justiça por parte dos expectadores do fato. A metodologia adotada foi qualitativa e analisou os comentários inseridos nos vídeos. Após a análise, os comentários foram organizados em quatro categorias: comentários de aprovação, imparciais, de desaprovação ou neutros. Verificou-se a aproximação de diversos comentários com situações tipicamente encontradas nas cortes de justiça. Apesar disso, os julgamentos adotam uma lógica de emotividade e moralidade na maioria dos casos. Por fim, a pesquisa alerta para os riscos inerentes do contraditório imperfeito das redes sociais, especialmente quando potencializado pela imagem.
Epidemiological Parameters of COVID-19: Case Series Study
Authors: Ma Shujuan , Zhang Jiayue , Zeng Minyan , Yun Qingping , Guo Wei , Zheng Yixiang , Zhao Shi , Wang Maggie H , Yang Zuyao
Published: October 2020

Background

The estimates of several key epidemiological parameters of the COVID-19 pandemic are often based on small sample sizes or are inaccurate for various reasons.

Objective

The aim of this study is to obtain more robust estimates of the incubation period, serial interval, frequency of presymptomatic transmission, and basic reproduction number (R0) of COVID-19 based on a large case series.

Methods

We systematically retrieved and screened 20,658 reports of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases released by the health authorities of China, Japan, and Singapore. In addition, 9942 publications were retrieved from PubMed and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) through April 8, 2020. To be eligible, a report had to contain individual data that allowed for accurate estimation of at least one parameter. Widely used models such as gamma distributions were fitted to the data sets and the results with the best-fitting values were presented.

Results

In total, 1591 cases were included for the final analysis. The mean incubation period (n=687) and mean serial interval (n=1015 pairs) were estimated to be 7.04 (SD 4.27) days and 6.49 (SD 4.90) days, respectively. In 40 cases (5.82%), the incubation period was longer than 14 days. In 32 infector-infectee pairs (3.15%), infectees’ symptom onsets occurred before those of infectors. Presymptomatic transmission occurred in 129 of 296 infector-infectee pairs (43.58%). R0 was estimated to be 1.85 (95% CI 1.37-2.60).

Conclusions

This study provides robust estimates of several epidemiological parameters of COVID-19. The findings support the current practice of 14-day quarantine of persons with potential exposure, but also suggest the need for additional measures. Presymptomatic transmission together with the asymptomatic transmission reported by previous studies highlight the importance of adequate testing, strict quarantine, and social distancing.
Ní Ríordáin, Clíona and Stephanie Schwerter. Speaking like a Spanish Cow: Cultural Errors in Translation. ibidem-Verlag, 2019. 372 pp
Authors: Velazquez Laura
Published: October 2020

Book review
Poem and its Self-translation
Authors: Monzon Sofia
Published: October 2020

“Poema II/ Poem II”, a bilingual expression that goes beyond a mere literary translation, is part of the series Poetízame las ganas/ Turn My Yearnings into Poetry. Although it started as an original poem in Spanish, my first language, an English translation ended up coming together from the first lines. Very much influenced by the playful translations of Eliot Weibenger into English, I enjoy playing with source and target languages to puzzle the reader, by erasing the traces of the translation process, while, at the same time, keeping a foreign debris within the kind of language I use in both texts. With these two pieces that arise as a reciprocated translation, the poet challenges a bilingual form of creative expression in which there is a clear refusal to utterly domesticate the texts. Love and language are, undoubtedly, both the object and the subject of the whole poem. They are represented through an unceasing analogy that depicts the symbolic connections behind these two intrinsic, most desired—and perhaps hardest to understand—human domains.
Three Poems by Ma Hui and English Translations
Authors: Chen Leilei
Published: October 2020

Translations
Organizational Culture of Real Estate Industry
Authors: Hipolito Geena Baltazar
Published: October 2020

Proper organizational culture in the real estate industry should be maintained as agents and other human resources in the real estate sector contend with customers. The study described the profile of real estate human resources. It also described the organizational culture of the real estate industry in terms of: ethical, innovative, customer-responsive, and spiritual. A total of 239 real estate human resources (163 males, and 76 females) were surveyed using a questionnaire with Likert-scale responses. Based on the data gathered, it is then concluded that, first, the Real Estate industry is dominated by males. The result for age may indicate that most of the human resources of the real estate industry are in the age of where they are active in work. Second, the organizational culture reveals that there is a weak establishment of the culture of the industry. It possessed the four dimensions but nevertheless because of diverse human resources it may be difficult to identify its dominant culture. Which serves as the image of every organization. Last, in spite of the presence of RA 9646, individuals are not yet aware of its implementing rules and regulations. It projects the traditional selling and buying of properties which sometimes caused problems to stakeholders. Further, in lieu of the foregoing, it is recommended, first, the upcoming presence of the pioneer graduates of BS Real Estate Management must be equipped with the experiences and best practices of the active members of the industry. Second, it is important for the industry to establish a concrete image of the industry that reflects the organizational culture. Out of the diverse identity of the involved practitioners, there must be focal leaders who will guide the upcoming generation of the practitioners. Last, information dissemination for the awareness of RA 9646 for the professionalism of the industry must participate for the benefit of the stakeholders. Implementation and proper monitoring of this law through the authorized group improve the professionalism in the industry
МАСШТАБИРУЕМЫЙ ВЫЧИСЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ ТРАКТ ВЫСОКОПРОИЗВОДИТЕЛЬНЫХ СЕТЕВЫХ КОММУТАТОРОВ ДЛЯ ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫХ ПОДХОДОВ ОБРАБОТКИ ТРАФИКА
Authors: Елизаров С.Г. , Гончаров С.В. , Лукьянченко Г.А. , Монахов А.М. , Смелянский Р.Л.
Published: October 2020

Представлена архитектура программируемого конвейера сетевого коммутатора, удовлетворяющего требованиям перспективных средств управления трафиком, включая поддержку произвольных протоколов второго и третьего уровня на скорости коммутации и изменение правил обработки пакетов за время порядка сотен наносекунд.
АНАЛИЗ ПРИЧИН РОСТА ДОЛИ ГОРИЗОНТАЛЬНО МАСШТАБИРУЕМЫХ СХД
Authors: Панов Г.Н. , Копосов М.А. , Сергеев Г.Н. , Брыш Я.А.
Published: October 2020

Внедрение горизонтально масштабируемых систем хранения данных позволяет избежать провала проекта информационной системы в результате ошибки в дизайне архитектуры на ранних этапах развития, подготовиться к росту или изменению характера использования и сократить затраты ресурсов на эксплуатацию ИС.
АРХИТЕКТУРНОЕ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ И ОЦЕНКА ПРИНИМАЕМЫХ РЕШЕНИЙ НА ПРИМЕРЕ КЕШ-ПАМЯТИ ДВУХЪЯДЕРНОГО МИКРОПРОЦЕССОРА
Authors: Бычков К.С. , Гревцев Н.А. , Зубковский П.С. , Кулешов А.С. , Лазутин Ю.М. , Чибисов П.А.
Published: October 2020

Средства имитационного моделирования архитектуры микропроцессора являются базовым инструментом для оценки вклада новых идей, вносимых разработчиками на микроархитектурном уровне, на производительность системы в целом, а также для понимания поведения пользовательских программ и выявления аппаратных элементов, ограничивающих эффективность системы.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ ЗАКАЗНЫХ БЛОКОВ ПАМЯТИ ДЛЯ ПРОЦЕССОРА «ЭЛЬБРУС-16С»
Authors: Снегирёв Д.В. , Потовин Ю.М. , Погребной Ю.Л.
Published: October 2020

В статье изложены проблемы в работе заказных блоков памяти, возникшие при тестировании опытных образцов микропроцессора «Эльбрус-8С». Описаны трудности их выявления на этапе проектирования и предложены принципы решения с помощью САПР. Показаны сложности проектирования на 16-нм технологическом процессе.
PEKAN KEBUDAYAAN ACEH DALAM PERSPEKTIF HISTORIS
Authors: Septian Fatianda  , A. Manan Nuraini , Ahmad Muhammad Yunus
Published: October 2020

This article is entitled Pekan Kebudayaan Aceh (Aceh Cultural Week) in Historical Perspective. Aceh Cultural Week or PKA is a cultural event displaying cultural richness through cultural attractions, artistic performances, exhibitions and cultural seminars. The purpose of this research is to find out the early history of PKA implementation and its development, impact, shifting in the initial PKA values and objectives, as well as criticism and input on the implementation of PKA. This study uses the historical method through heuristic steps, interviews, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography or history writing. The results of this study explain that the Aceh Cultural Week has been implemented for seven times where firstly held was in 1958 and continued until the latest (seventh) PKA in 2018. This PKA is aimed to develop and preserve Aceh's historical, traditional and cultural values and as a means of unifying various ethnic groups in Aceh. In addition, PKA has provided substantial results for the preservation of Aceh's culture. Furthermore, this research also explains that the society highly appreciates the implementation of PKA despite some points that need to be evaluated in order to achieve the noble ideals of PKA itself.
PENGARUH IDENTITAS PESISIR BAGI MASYARAKAT SINGKIL DAN BARUS
Authors: Al-Fairusy Muhajir
Published: October 2020

This study is an attempt to see the similarity of historical and cultural identity between the pesisir communities of Singkil and Barus. The term pesisir identity is to describe the settlements of residents who settled along the coastal areas of Singkil and Barus. Pesisir communities in the two regions are identical with Islamic identity and are influenced by Malay-Minang values and culture. In the context of defining identity, coastal communities tend to position themselves as a more established community, and are often seen as special in the context of social relations than settlements outside the coast (findings in the Singkil community). Even so, in Barus, the coast is defined as limited to the majority Muslim settlements that are historically rooted in the development of Islam in this region. In daily interactions, both coastal settlements (Barus and Singkil) use the same language, pesisir language (Singkil; baapo). Also, this area still leaves many traces of Islamic history archaeologically, as well as being an important trade route for merchants from Minang and Aceh. This research is analytical descriptive with qualitative methods and a grounded research approach and historical methodology. Data collection was carried out in two settlements; Coastal Singkil and Barus. It starts with observation, interview, book study, and finally data analysis. The results showed the existence of coastal communities in the two regions is a continuation of the history of Islamic Fansuri. However, the meaning as a pesisir community between Singkil and Barus is not always the same. There are differences in the context of the structure of society. Singkil pesisir not only shows the extent of majority Muslim settlement, but the status of privilege in the context of identity. In Barus, the meaning of the coastal community is the continuation of the history of Islam in the region, as the Pakpak strengthened there.
Epistemologias mutiladas e a exploração política de vieses cognitivos: o negacionismo engendrado pela retórica bolsonarista
Authors: Correia Lima Ferreira Gomes Renata , Miranda de Oliveira Nakagawa Regiane , De Sá Cardoso Tarcísio
Published: October 2020

Este e artigo apresenta uma reflexão sobre as epistemologias mutiladas (HARDIN, 2002; SUNSTEIN; VERMEULE, 2009) segundo a lógica da ciência e das formas nas quais os vieses cognitivos atuam na constituição das crenças, e o modo pelo qual tais epistemologias constroem uma retórica própria. Para tal, apresenta uma análise de mensagens que circularam em grupos bolsonaristas de WhatsApp acerca da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Com isso, objetiva-se elucidar de que maneira as epistemologias mutiladas edificam formas alternativas de se fixar crenças que chegam a assumir uma postura oposta à própria ciência.
Pensando a sociedade incivil, suas manifestações e alternativas: entrevista com Muniz Sodré de Araújo Cabral
Authors: Pereira Pedro Barreto
Published: October 2020

Após 45 dias de internação em decorrência da Covid-19, Muniz Sodré de Araújo Cabral, professor emérito da UFRJ e titular da Escola de Comunicação da UFRJ, fala sobre a “sociedade incivil”, conceito em que vem trabalhando nos últimos tempos, ao lado da professora Raquel Paiva. A partir da categoria de “sociedade civil”, formulado por Hegel, Lênin e Gramsci, Sodré desenvolve uma proposição teórica que compreende as formas de sociabilidade contemporâneas, fundadas na idiotia, no ódio e na exasperação. Sodré também comenta sobre o que denomina “enclausuramento nas redes” e de que forma isso afeta a luta antirracista. O professor e pesquisador analisa ainda o Jornalismo, a Educação e o papel do professor nos dias atuais.Palabras-clave: Mídia. Redes sociais. Jornalismo.
EXPORTAÇÕES, INSERÇÃO COMERCIAL E ESPECIALIZAÇÃO PRODUTIVA: UMA ANÁLISE PARA OS PRODUTOS PRIMÁRIOS BRASILEIROS ENTRE 2001 E 2016
Authors: Silva Mattheus Rodrigues da , Schmidt Filho Ricardo , Souza Danyelle Mestre de , Bezerra Flávio Kauê Targino
Published: October 2020

Dentro do campo da economia internacional, existe um extenso debate a respeito da especialização produtiva. Enquanto correntes teóricas de cunho mais ortodoxo defendem a inserção comercial com base nas vantagens competitivas, correntes de cunho mais estruturalista defendem um método de inserção com base em setores com maior valor agregado intensivos em tecnologia. No caso brasileiro, os produtos primários/agrícolas são historicamente de relativa importância para a balança comercial e para a estrutura produtiva do país como um todo. O período analisado, traz uma série de fatos que estimulam a produção de produtos primários, em especial o movimento de apreciação dos preços das commodities e a intensificação do processo de industrialização da economia chinesa. Dessa forma, se faz necessário verificar como ocorre a inserção desses produtos (primários) brasileiros no comércio exterior, focando em aspectos como: parcela do mercado e competitividade e qual a implicação desse modelo de inserção sobre o desenvolvimento do país.. Para atingir os resultados, utilizou-se de indicadores de comércio internacional MS, IVCR e CS. Verificou-se que a inserção comercial ocorre especialmente através de produtos voltados para a alimentação em sua maioria in natura, destacando a presença de produtos “tradicionais” como o açúcar, o café e o tabaco e produtos inseridos recentemente como o complexo da soja e das carnes. Por fim, a principal conclusão desse trabalho é que por mais que alguns produtos apresentem resultados expressivos, de modo geral, o setor apresenta um alto grau de concentração e pouca dinâmica.
PROJETOS PROFISSIONAIS DE JOVENS ESTUDANTES DE CURSO TÉCNICO PROFISSIONALIZANTE EM AGROPECUÁRIA NO RS
Authors: Spanevello Rosani Marisa , Boscardin Mariele , Benedetti De Toledo Vitória , Lago Adriano
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se com a realização deste estudo analisar e descrever os projetos profissionais de jovens estudantes de curso técnico em Agropecuária no município de Palmeira das Missões, estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Para a obtenção dos dados deste estudo, realizou-se um levantamento com um total de 51 jovens os quais foram obtidos por meio da aplicação de um questionário autoaplicável e anônimo. Os dados coletados foram tabulados e analisados a partir do Software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Em relação aos projetos profissionais identificou-se que 35,29% dos jovens pretende residir no meio rural, com ocupações urbanas, 27,59% pretende se instalar como agricultor no meio rural, 21,57% pretendem residir e trabalhar no meio urbano com vínculo no rural e 11,76% possuem outras opções como projetos profissionais. Deste modo, embora os jovens possuam origem no rural e estejam vinculados a um curso de formação agropecuária, a maior parte dos entrevistados busca um projeto voltado a ocupação urbana, no entanto, ainda pretendem ter o rural como local de moradia.
Pengklonaan Plasmid Rekombinan gp125-gp36 Human Immunodeficiency Virus tipe 2 (HIV-2) untuk Pengembangan Sistem Diagnostik HIV-2
Authors: Fathurrohim Fathurrohim , Widyaningtyas Silvia Tri , Bela Budiman
Published: October 2020

AbstractFrom 36.9 million people infected by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) at the end of 2018 in the whole world, 1-2 million are infected by HIV-2. Accurately diagnostic is required to ensure whether an individual has been infected HIV-1, HIV-2, or HIV-1 and HIV-2 co-infection. HIV-2 diagnostic error using rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) frequently occurs. Misdiagnostic of HIV-2 infection may cause treatment failure which leads to the development of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). In this study, expression plasmid pQE80L-gp125-gp36 HIV-2 that can produce recombinant antigen gp125-gp36 HIV-2 was successfully constructed and verified properly. The antigen is based on multiepitope, immunodominant and sustainable properties obtained by bioinformatics study. Plasmid pQE80L-gp125-gp36 HIV-2 may be used to produce recombinant antigens that benefit to detect anti-HIV-2 antibodies in an individual.

AbstrakDari 36,9 juta individu yang terinfeksi oleh Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) pada akhir tahun 2018 di seluruh dunia, terdapat sekitar 1 – 2 juta individu yang terinfeksi dengan HIV-2. Diagnostik yang akurat diperlukan untuk menentukan apakah suatu individu telah terinfeksi HIV-1, HIV-2 atau koinfeksi HIV-1 dan HIV-2. Kesalahan diagnostik HIV-2 menggunakan rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) sering sekali terjadi. Misdiagnosis infeksi HIV-2 dapat menyebabkan kegagalan pengobatan yang berujung pada perkembangan Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). Pada penelitian ini plasmid pQE80L-gp125-gp36 HIV-2 pengekspresi antigen rekombinan gp125-gp36 HIV-2 telah berhasil dikonstruksi dan terverifikasi dengan baik. Antigen tersebut berbasis multiepitop, immunodominan dan bersifat lestari yang didapatkan dari studi bioinformatik. Plasmid pQE80L-gp125-gp36 HIV-2 dapat digunakan untuk memproduksi antigen rekombinan yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mendeteksi antibodi anti HIV-2 pada suatu individu.
PERILAKU SEDENTARI SISWA SMP DI KECAMATAN CIBINONG KABUPATEN BOGOR JAWA BARAT TAHUN 2018
Authors: Arihandayani Yunita , Martha Evi
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT 

The proportion of sedentary behavior is increasing in all age groups, both in adults and children, from year to year. Various adverse health effects in children and adolescents can occur due to sedentary behavior carried out continuously over a long period of time. Several factors are associated with the practice of sedentary behavior in children and adolescents. This study aims to determine factors associated with sedentary behavior in junior high school students in Cibinong sub-district, Bogor regency, West Java province. The research used cross sectional study design with 312 junior high school students of 7th and 8th grade. Data were collected using questionnaires that had been pre-tested for validity and reliability and were analyzed using chi-square test and multiple logistic regression in SPSS. The results showed 50.6% of respondents performed sedentary behavior more than 6 hours. Age (OR= 1.9), peer support (OR=1.8) and school facilities (OR=0.2)  were associated with sedentary behavior. Students who are older, do not have peer support, and attend school with insufficient facilities are more likely to conduct sedentary behavior. For that reason, in order to prevent sedentary behavior among students, it is important to consider the age of the student, the fulfillment of adequate school facilities and the presence of peer support among students.

Keywords: Sedentary behavior, student, parenting patterns, school regulations and facilities

 

ABSTRAK

Proporsi perilaku sedentari semakin meningkat pada semua kelompok umur, baik pada orang dewasa dan anak-anak, dari tahun ke tahun. Pada anak-anak dan remaja, berbagai dampak kesehatan merugikan dapat terjadi akibat perilaku sedentari yang dilakukan secara terus menerus dalam jangka waktu lama. Beberapa faktor berhubungan dengan terjadinya perilaku sedentari pada anak-anak dan remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan perilaku sedentari pada siswa SMP di Kecamatan Cibinong, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 312 siswa SMP kelas 7 dan kelas 8. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang sudah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya serta dianalisis menggunakan regresi logistik ganda. Sebanyak 50,6% responden melakukan perilaku sedentari lebih dari 6 jam. Hasil analisis membuktikan faktor umur (OR=1,9), dukungan teman sebaya (OR=1,8), dan fasilitas  sekolah (OR= 0,2) berhubungan dengan perilaku sedentari. Ini artinya bahwa siswa dengan usia lebih tua, yang tidak memiliki dukungan teman sebaya, dan yang bersekolah di sekolah dengan fasilitas kurang memadai kemungkinan lebih besar untuk berperilaku sedentari. Untuk itu, dalam upaya pencegahan perilaku sedentari pada siswa, perlu diperhatikan umur siswa, pemenuhan fasilitas sekolah yang memadai serta adanya dukungan teman sebaya dalam pergaulan siswa.

Kata kunci: Perilaku sedentari, siswa, pola asuh, fasilitas sekolah, peraturan sekolah
PELAKSANAAN CUCI TANGAN PAKAI SABUN (TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG) SEBAGAI UPAYA KESEHATAN SEKOLAH DI SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KECAMATAN BOGOR UTARA KOTA BOGOR
Authors: Friskarini Kenti , Sundari Totih Ratna
Published: October 2020

ABSTRACT

Awareness of running Clean and Healthy Behavior (PHBS) in elementary school in general is still lacking. One part of PHBS is Handwashing with Soap (CTPS) which has an important impact on health. This paper explores the challenges and opportunities for implementing this program in elementary schools in Bogor from officers at  schools, puskesmas, and health offices in 2018. Data were obtained by in-depth interviews with informants who was chosen by purposive sampling from the health office, education office, school principals and teachers from 5 selected schools. The results showed this activity was not yet a priority in the program, marking that health promotion was not yet maximally carried out at the policy holder level. Even though the elementary school which was the location of the study did not have a problem in providing facilities for washing hands, but not all could provide soap to get the maximum effect. This shows that the cooperation of various parties has not been optimal to support the success of this activity. As a suggestion, besides requiring support from various parties,it should be complemented by health promotions for students and the whole school environment so healthy behavior can be achieved.

Keywords: Handwashing, healthy behavior, health promotion

 

ABSTRAK

Kesadaran menjalankan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) di sekolah dasar (SD) pada umumnya masih kurang. Salah satu bagian dari PHBS adalah Perilaku Cuci Tangan Pakai Sabun (CTPS) yang memiliki dampak penting untuk kesehatan. Tulisan ini mengangkat tantangan dan peluang pelaksanaan CTPS pada SD di kota Bogor dari pihak sekolah, puskesmas dan dinas kesehatan pada tahun 2018. Desain penelitian adalah survey potong lintang dengan pemilihan sampel secara purposive. Data kualitatif didapatkan dengan wawancara mendalam kepada informan dari dinas kesehatan, dinas pendidikan, kepala sekolah dan guru dari 5 sekolah yang terpilih di Kecamatan Bogor Utara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kegiatan ini belum menjadi prioritas dalam program, menandai belum maksimalnya promosi kesehatan dilakukan di tingkat pemegang kebijakan. Walau secara keseluruhan SD yang menjadi lokasi penelitian tidak memiliki masalah dalam penyediaan sarana mencuci tangan, namun tidak semua dapat menyediakan sabun sehingga mempengaruhi hasil maksimal CTPS. Hal tersebut menunjukkan belum maksimalnya kerjasama berbagai pihak untuk mendukung keberhasilan kegiatan ini. Sebagai saran, CTPS selain memerlukan dukungan dari berbagai pihak, seharusnya dilengkapi dengan promosi kesehatan  kepada para siswa, dan seluruh lingkungan sekolah sehingga terwujud perilaku yang baik dan sehat.

Kata kunci: CTPS, perilaku kesehatan, promosi kesehatan
Pengetahuan, Sikap dan Perilaku Masyarakat Tentang Aspek Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Prabumulih, Sebelum dan Sesudah Intervensi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
Authors: Ambarita Lasbudi P. , Salim Milana , Sitorus Hotnida , Mayasari Rika
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in South Sumatra Province especially Prabumulih in recent years has not shown a significant decline. This research aims to assess community’s level of knowledge, attitudes and practice with regards to empowerment of cadres and community group as an intervention variable. There were three location of research, first location with intervention of empowerment of cadre and community group, second location with cadre empowerment and the third location without intervention. The data collected in this research is knowledge, attitude and practice of the community before and after the intervention provided. The results showed there is an average level difference of knowledge, but statistically difference occurred on the knowledge and practice in an area with an intervention empowerment of cadres and local community groups. Local community groups such as religious group, social gathering, youth organization, etc can be an effective target for increasing knowledge about disease prevention aspects of DHF, raises awareness and triggered behavior change collectively.

Abstrak

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan khususnya Kota Prabumulih dalam beberapa tahun terakhir belum menunjukkan penurunan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari intervensi, pemberdayaan kader dan kelompok masyarakat terhadap tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat. Intervensi yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah satu wilayah dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader jumantik dan kelompok ibu-ibu pengajian, wilayah yang kedua dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader jumantik, dan wilayah yang ketiga tanpa diberikan intervensi. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat sebelum dan sesudah intervensi diberikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi, namun secara statistik perbedaan yang bermakna terjadi pada aspek pengetahuan dan perilaku di daerah dengan intervensi pemberdayaan kader dan kelompok masyarakat lokal. Kelompok masyarakat lokal seperti kelompok pengajian, arisan, karang taruna dan sebagainya dapat menjadi sasaran efektif untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang aspek pencegahan penyakit DBD, menimbulkan kesadaran dan memicu terjadinya perubahan perilaku secara kolektif.
ANALISIS KEBERADAAN VEKTOR STADIUM PRADEWASA DAN DEWASA TERHADAP SIRKULASI VIRUS DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE DAN CHIKUNGUNYA DI PROVINSI DKI JAKARTA
Authors: Setiyaningsih Riyani , Yanti S Ary Oktsari , Prihatin Mega Tyas , Sulistyorini Evi , Susilo Dwi , Marjiyanto Marjiyanto , Mujiyanto Mujiyanto , Alfiah Siti , Garjito Triwibowo Ambar
Published: October 2020

The Special Capital Region of Jakarta is the sixth-highest province with a DHF incidence in Indonesia in 2017, however, no Chikungunya cases were found. North Jakarta, East Jakarta, and West Jakarta were reported as high endemic dengue areas. The purpose of this study to identify the behavior, distribution patterns of dengue vector and chikungunya, and their pathogens as well as their potential transmission in North, East, and West Jakarta. Entomological surveys were conducted by human landing collection, around cattle collection, animal-baited traps, and light traps. The larvae survey was also conducted in selected 100 houses in the study areas. Mosquitoes and larvae of the Aedes genus were collected and examined for the presence of dengue and chikungunya viruses using molecular analysis. The results showed that Ae. aegypti identified as the main Dengue vector and chikungunya vector in DKI Jakarta. Dengue and chikungunya vector were found in various breeding habitat indoor. During this study, Dengue and chikungunya viruses were found in North and West Jakarta. Whereas in East Jakarta only the chikungunya virus circulation was found.

Abstrak

Daerah Khusus Ibukota  Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan kasus demam berdarah dengue (DBD) tertinggi ke enam di Indonesia pada tahun 2017, tetapi kasus chikungunya tidak ditemukan. Wilayah dengan kasus DBD tinggi antara lain Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Barat. Faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan kasus DBD dan chikungunya di suatu daerah antara lain keberadaan vektor dan patogennya. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui perilaku, pola distribusi vektor DBD dan Chikungunya,  patogen; serta potensi penularannya di Jakarta Utara, Timur, dan Barat Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Metode  penangkapan nyamuk dilakukan dengan umpan orang, umpan ternak,  animal-baited trap dan light trap. Survei jentik dilakukan di 100 bangunan  masing-masing di Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Timur dan Jakarta Barat. Keberadaan  patogen  pada  nyamuk dan jentik dari genus Aedes diperiksa secara molekuler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan vektor DBD dan chikungunya di DKI Jakarta adalah Aedes aegypti. Nyamuk ini ditemukan dominan pada siang hari namun juga berhasil dikoleksi pada malam hari. Tempat perkembangbiakan vektor DBD dan chikungunya cenderung ditemukan di berbagai tempat penampungan air di dalam rumah. Sirkulasi virus DBD dan chikungunya ditemukan di wilayah Jakarta Utara dan Barat, sedangkan di Jakarta Timur hanya diemukan sirkulasi virus chikungunya.