bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection rights for football supporters: learning from the tragedy at the Kanjuruhan Stadium in Indonesia
Authors: Waluyo Waluyo , Kharisma Dona Budi
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Football supporters have safety and security guarantees, but protection rights abuses in the Kanjuruhan Indonesia stadium tragedy. This study aims to create a design regulation to protect the protection rights of football supporters in the world.

Design/methodology/approach

This is a socio-legal study. The law, cases and conceptual methods are the research methodologies. The process of collecting data uses a literature review. The gathered facts and information are next examined both qualitatively and descriptively.

Findings

The tragedy that occurred at the Kanjuruhan Stadium is the worst tragedy of Indonesian football. The key factor behind the tragedy was the mechanism for securing football matches regulated in the acts and regulations in Indonesia, which were out of sync and contrary to Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) regulations. The Indonesian National Police Regulation (Perkapolri) permits the use of firearms, tear gas and force, whereas this is actually prohibited by the FIFA Stadium Safety and Security Regulation (FSSSR). In this tragedy, protection rights abuses occurred. Then, the Indonesian Sport Act (ISA) 2022 does not yet regulate crucial matters, especially safety and security in sports competitions to protect players, referees, spectators/supporters and other match organizers.

Research limitations/implications

This study examines various regulations relating to sports, especially football matches with a focus on studies in Indonesia.

Practical implications

The results of this research help realize protection rights for football supporters and create designs regulation to protect protection rights for football supporters worldwide.

Social implications

The design regulation recommended in this study is useful for preventing disasters in football and protecting football supporters, players, referees and parties in matches from acts of violence.

Originality/value

Learning from the Kanjuruhan tragedy, to prevent this from happening again, the adoption of the FSSSR into Indonesian legislation, created the Safety of Sports Grounds Act and the establishment of the Indonesian Football Policing Unit are recommendations that need to be considered.
Why did agriculture's share of Australian gross domestic product not decline for a century?
Authors: Anderson Kym
Published: November 2023

The agricultural sector's share of gross domestic product (GDP) in growing economies typically declines but, for a century from the early 1850s, Australia's did not. Drawing on recent structural transformation literature, this paper seeks explanations for this unusual phenomenon, which is all the more striking because agriculture's share of employment continued to decline throughout and growth in manufacturing was being stimulated by tariff protection from imports. Several factors contributed, including a huge land frontier that took more than a century for settlers to explore, rapid declines in initially crippling domestic and ocean trade costs for farm products, the absence of a need to do any processing of the two main exports during that period (gold and wool) and innovations by farmers and via a strong public agricultural R&D system that contributed to farm labour productivity nearly doubling over those 10 decades. The ban on iron ore exports from 1938 and low export prices for fuels, minerals and metals during the two world wars and in the intervening decades also contributed.
Experiences of Australian emergency doctors and nurses using advance care directives in the provision of care at the end of life
Authors: Omoya Oluwatomilayo , De Bellis Anita , Breaden Katrina
Published: November 2023

Objective

An advance care directive is a legal document outlining the wishes made by a person about treatment options. However, there is increasing evidence that an advance care directive that has previously been documented may not always benefit the current prognosis of the patient. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the experiences of Australian emergency doctors and nurses concerning the use of previously documented advance care directives at the point of care for patients and their families.

Methods

A qualitative study guided by a phenomenological interpretive approach was employed. Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with ED doctors and nurses across Australia. Data were thematically analysed using a seven‐stage data analysis framework.

Results

An analysis of the interview data resulted in four major themes: (i) Benefits of Advance Care Directives; (ii) Knowledge and Awareness; (iii) Communication; and (iv) Availability of Advance Care Directive Information.

Conclusions

From the findings, advance care directives were believed to be beneficial in decision making when patients, families, and ED staff agreed with the decisions made. Advance care directives were often made a long time ago but were useful to start conversations around goals of care and end‐of‐life care relevant to the patient's current situation. Findings in the present study further reinforced that an advance care directive was beneficial when used alongside goals of care at the point of care in EDs.
Potential of fluorescence fingerprints for fish meat authentication: Differences in freshness evaluation in white and dark meat at frozen state
Authors: Rahman Md. Mizanur , Shibata Mario , Nakazawa Naho , Rithu Mst. Nazira Akhter , Okazaki Emiko , Nakauchi Shigeki
Published: November 2023

As dark meat has a faster deterioration rate and its unintentional mixing occurs during processing, it is crucial to know the status and freshness indicators of dark meat to ensure fishery product quality. In this method, fluorescence fingerprints (FFs) was applied as a rapid and noninvasive quality authentication method to determine differences between white and dark meat in the evaluation of freshness indicators at frozen state. Spotted mackerel (Scomber australasicus) fish chunks with different postmortem conditions (0–40 h ice stored) were obtained and frozen. A new generation of fluorescence spectrophotometer (F‐7100) was used to acquire FFs of the frozen fish chunks (containing white and dark meat). Adenosine triphosphate metabolites and pH were determined in both white and dark meat using their relevant biochemical methods. Higher K‐values in dark meat might be attributed to a higher accumulation rate of inosine (HxR) in dark meat than in white meat. The pH decrease rate in white meat was higher than that in dark meat during postmortem ice storage periods of fish. Principal component analysis of FFs spectra demonstrated clear discrimination (PC1 + PC2 = 91.7%) between white and dark meat of frozen fish due to the influence of freshness parameters based on the fluorescence features of fish meat. Furthermore, partial least squares regression validation models revealed that freshness indicators of white meat could be predicted more accurately at the frozen state than those of dark meat. This method could be applied during the processing of fishery products, thereby facilitating quality control activities and making it a promising authentication tool for the fisheries industries.
Exploring optimal settings for safe and effective thulium fibre laser lithotripsy in a kidney model
Authors: Mishra Arpit , Medairos Robert , Chen Junqin , Soto‐Palou Francois , Wu Yuan , Antonelli Jodi , Preminger Glenn M. , Lipkin Michael E. , Zhong Pei
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To explore the optimal laser settings and treatment strategies for thulium fibre laser (TFL) lithotripsy, namely, those with the highest treatment efficiency, lowest thermal injury risk, and shortest procedure time.

Materials and Methods

An in vitro kidney model was used to assess the efficacy of TFL lithotripsy in the upper calyx. Stone ablation experiments were performed on BegoStone phantoms at different combinations of pulse energy (EP) and frequency (F) to determine the optimal settings. Temperature changes and thermal injury risks were monitored using embedded thermocouples. Experiments were also performed on calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) stones to validate the optimal settings.

Results

High EP/low F settings demonstrated superior treatment efficiency compared to low EP/high F settings using the same power. Specifically, 0.8 J/12 Hz was the optimal setting, resulting in a twofold increase in treatment efficiency, a 39% reduction in energy expenditure per unit of ablated stone mass, a 35% reduction in residual fragments, and a 36% reduction in total procedure time compared to the 0.2 J/50 Hz setting for COM stones. Thermal injury risk assessment indicated that 10 W power settings with high EP/low F combinations remained below the threshold for tissue injury, while higher power settings (>10 W) consistently exceeded the safety threshold.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that high EP/low F settings, such as 0.8 J/12 Hz, are optimal for TFL lithotripsy in the treatment of COM stones. These settings demonstrated significantly improved treatment efficiency with reduced residual fragments compared to conventional settings while keeping the thermal dose below the injury threshold. This study highlights the importance of using the high EP/low F combination with low power settings, which maximizes treatment efficiency and minimizes potential thermal injury. Further studies are warranted to determine the optimal settings for TFL for treating kidney stones with different compositions.
Advancements in medical diagnosis and treatment through machine learning: A review
Authors: Ahsan Mohammad , Khan Anam , Khan Kaif Rehman , Sinha Bam Bahadur , Sharma Anamika
Published: November 2023

The aptness of machine learning (ML) to learn from large datasets, discover trends, and make predictions has demonstrated its potential to metamorphose the medical field. Medical data analysis with ML algorithms can improve patient outcomes in terms of both treatment and diagnosis. This paper investigates the numerous possibilities of ML in the medical industries, including radiology, pathology, genomics, and clinical decision‐making. It also goes over the benefits and drawbacks of ML in various sectors as well as the limitations that come with its application. It illustrates the potential advantages of ML, such as better accuracy and efficiency in diagnosis and individualized treatment programs, through a review of previous studies. Lastly, it provides perspectives on prospective advancements and prospects for the discipline. This study also intends to investigate the applications of deep learning (DL) in the medical field. DL algorithms have performed exceptionally satisfactorily in several healthcare‐related fields. The main conclusions of the study are summarized, and their ramifications for the healthcare sector are discussed in this paper's conclusion. This paper intends to contribute to a greater understanding of the prevailing state of the discipline and the possibility for future developments by emphasizing the prospects of these methodologies to alter medical study and clinical practice.
Financial perceptions and financial behaviors across marital status and gender
Authors: Lee Yoon G. , Kelley Heather H.
Published: November 2023

This study examined associations between financial perceptions and financial behaviors among four marital/gender groups (e.g., married men, married women, single men, and single women). Descriptive results show significant differences in financial perceptions and financial behaviors across the groups. Specifically, single women reported significantly higher levels of perceived dissatisfaction and too much debt than the other three groups. Using OLS regression analysis, we found that compared to single women, married men, married women, and single men practiced higher levels of healthy financial behaviors. This study informs that financial education programs should be effective across marital and gender groups.
WHAT WE TALK ABOUT WHEN WE TALK ABOUT FASCISM
Authors: Duensing Anna
Published: November 2023

Bruce Kuklick's Fascism Comes to America: A Century of Obsession in Politics and Culture offers a compact, accessible, and broad‐reaching survey of “the linguistic career of fascism” in the United States. The book charts the widespread use of the term “fascism” across US political, cultural, and intellectual discourse from the early 1920s up through the present, arguing that rampant, uncritical overuse, outright abuse, and other hyperbolic deployments of the term have purged “fascism” of its analytic value and effectively negated its meaningful critical capacities. Moreover, Kuklick contends that this US “addiction to fascism” as a way to malign ideological and political enemies and express anxieties about the fragility of US democracy impedes accurate assessment of legitimate problems with the country's political system and traditions. This review essay offers a critical assessment of Kuklick's approach, interrogating what his narrow analytic focus on rhetoric and ideas misses and what nuance gets lost in declaring “fascism” a “political swear word” and little else. This thoroughly researched accounting of fascist invectives succeeds in showing that the term has consistently lacked reliable and substantive meaning, but as a survey, the book falters in collapsing its contexts, treating each and every usage of the term as equal and equally meaningless. Engaging with new scholarship on fascism, antifascism, and the modern US Right, as well as with Black radical political thought on fascism since the 1930s, this review essay challenges Kuklick's conclusion that the term “fascism” should be purged from public and intellectual discourse. In turn, it proposes a set of approaches for how we might continue our engagement with greater precision and analytic care.
Temperature‐dependent extraction and chromatographic recovery and characterisation of ellagitannins with potent antioxidant and glycaemic control properties from ‘Wonderful’ pomegranate peel
Authors: Mashile Boitumelo , Setlhodi Reaotshepa , Izu Gloria O. , Erukainure Ochuko L. , Mashele Samson S. , Makhafola Tshepiso J. , Eze Kenneth C. , Chukwuma Chika I.
Published: November 2023

Pomegranate peel contains bioactive ellagitannins including punicalagin, a major bioactive principle. However, studies have not optimally recovered and evaluated these ellagitannins for their antioxidant and glycaemic control potential. In the present study, a temperature‐dependent extraction was employed to optimally recover bioactive ellagitannins and punicalagin from pomegranate (variety ‘Wonderful’) peel. The peel was extracted with distilled water at different temperatures (25, 37, 50, 65, 78 and 95 °C) and evaluated for phenol and flavonoid contents, in vitro antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory activities. XAD16N resin was used to recover tannins from the extracts and punicalagin was purified from the tannin recovered from the 78 °C crude extract. LC–MS was used to characterise the ellagitannins profile. The dose‐dependent anti‐lipid peroxidative and glucose uptake potential of the punicalagin and its parent crude extract and tannin were measured. The extract obtained at 78 °C had the highest phenolic, flavonoid, tannin and punicalagin contents, which potentiated stronger radical scavenging, ORAC (IC50 = 9.64 vs. 15.6 and 25.6 μg/mL, respectively), anti‐linoleic acid peroxidative (IC50 = 9.97 vs. 19.9 and 27.3 μg/mL, respectively) and antiglycation (IC50 = 29.1 vs. 34.2 and 79.1 μg/mL, respectively) activities than the extract and the purified punicalagin. Similarly, the cellular anti‐lipid peroxidative and glucose modulatory effects of the recovered tannin (IC50 = 3.67 μg/mL; EC50 = 14.8 μg/mL) better than that of the extract (IC50 = 24.3 μg/mL; EC50 = 55.0 μg/mL) and the purified punicalagin (IC50 = 59.0 μg/mL; EC50 = 112 μg/mL), which may be attributed to the complementary action of the tannin's constituent compounds (punicalagin, ellagic acid, granatin A, corilagin, casuarinin, gallic acid and quercetin hexoside). The α‐amylase inhibitory data, however, suggest the purified punicalagin influences enzyme inhibitory potential of pomegranate peel. The study suggests tannin/ellagitannin purified from pomegranate peel aqueous extract obtained at 78 °C may be a promising dietary supplement for exerting glycaemic control and mitigating oxidative stress.
Circular economy and innovation in oil and gas industry: A systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis
Authors: Dua Shikhar , Jain Nikunj Kumar
Published: November 2023

This research aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the existing scientific literature on circular economy (CE) and innovation in the oil and gas industry to determine the most critical concepts, authors, sources, most cited articles and countries mentioned in the field. The study of the literature on CE and innovation is also intended to reveal its underlying philosophical, intellectual and social framework. Scopus publications from 2010 to 2022 were examined for this purpose. First, a quantitative study with tables, graphs and maps summarizes the state of the CE and innovation in the oil and gas business, focusing on the key performance indicators of article output and citation. A total of 799 items were located by the results. Second, an inductive analysis of secondary literature that includes 108 articles was done, and 8 categories were identified: the CE and innovation; the CE and environmental impact; the acceptance of the economy CE by developing nations; the possibility of mainstreaming the CE; the effects of the CE on manufacturing; the effects of the CE on the pandemic (COVID‐19); and the effects of the CE on oil and gas industry.
Das Rätsel des Hummeltrompeters: Lichtalarm
Authors: Haas Adolf , München Pullach b.
Published: November 2023

Die Theorien über den “Hummeltrompeter”, der 1700 zum erstenmal von Goedart beobachtet wurde, werden eingehend erörtert und als unzureichend erkannt. Der entscheidende Auslöser ist das Licht, weshalb ich diese Erscheinung “Lichtalarm” nennen möchte. Beobachtungen bei Tageslicht und Versuche mit künstlichem Licht legen eine solche Erklärung nahe. Alarmiert werden besonders die Wachtposten der Kolonie. Der Sinn des Verhaltens ist vielleicht ein “Bereitschafts‐Alarm”.
Migration and Core Area Shifting in Relation to some Ecological Factors in a Mountain Gorilla Group (Gorilla gorilla beringei)1 in the Mt. Kahuzi Region (République du Zaïre)2
Authors: Casimir Michael J. , Butenandt Eckart
Published: November 2023

Es wird gezeigt, daß Berggorillas (Gorilla gorilla beringet) im Gebiet des Mt. Kahuzi (République du Zaïre), wo Bambusbiotope (Arundinaria alpina) mit anderen Bergwaldformationen abwechseln, jahreszyklisch wandern. In der Zeit des Bambusschößling‐Wachstums im Oktober und November halten sich die Tiere in der Bambusregion auf, um die Schößlinge zu fressen. Die übrige Zeit des Jahres wird der Bambuswald nicht aufgesucht — die Tiere leben in den Sekundär‐ und Primärwaldgebieten. Das regelmäßige Wachstum der Bambusschößlinge wird durch die ersten Niederschläge am Ende der Trockenzeit ausgelöst.

Il est montré que, dans un groupe de gorilles de montagne (Gorilla gorilla beringet) de la région du Mt. Kahuzi (République du Zaïre), où l'on trouve à la fois des forêts de bambou (Arundinaria alpina) et d'autres types de forêt de montagne, un cycle annuel de migration a lieu. Pendant la saison de croissance des pousses de bambou, Octobre et Novembre, les gorilles se trouvent dans la forêt de bambou. Pendant le reste de l'année, ils évident ce biotope, à cause du manque de nourriture. La saison de croissance du bambou est provoquée par le début régulier de la saison des pluies, qui suit la période de sécheresse importante des mois de Juin, Juillet et Août.
A Comparative Study of the Songs and Alarm Calls of some Parus Species
Authors: Latimer William
Published: November 2023

Titmice vocalizations are presented with a view to examining variation within and between species. Analyses are derived from field recordings of British Parus species, and from available disc recordings. Spectrographic and oscillographic analyses are made of territorial song and alarm calls. The extent of song divergence and alarm call convergence is illustrated and discussed in addition to data on variation of these calls within species. Some brief notes on field behaviour are included and methods of sound production in birds discussed.
SPATIAL STRUCTURE AND DISTANCE‐DECAY PARAMETERS
Authors: FOTHERINGHAM A. STEWART
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT There has been much recent controversy concerning the interpretation of distance‐decay parameters estimated from gravity models. A relationship between spatial structure and estimated distance‐decay parameters has been posited. Empirical evidence is given here for such a relationship and theories attempting to explain the dependence of parameter estimates upon spatial structure are examined. These theories are shown to be weak and directions for future research are given.
High task motivation learners co‐viewing video lectures facilitates learning
Authors: Pi Zhongling , Chai Huixin , Li La , Zhang Xinru , Li Xiying
Published: November 2023

Background

Learning from video lectures with peers, that is, co‐viewing video lectures, is a common mode of learning across a wide range of ages and topics in the information age.

Objectives

The present study tested the effects of learners' motivation on co‐viewing video lectures in terms of learning performance, mental effort, and interpersonal brain synchronization (IBS).

Methods

The current study was quantitative experimental. In total, 142 participants were recruited and divided into 71 dyads to manipulate task motivation from three aspects: meaning, interest, and reward. Then, they were divided into three experimental conditions according to the level of task motivation: two low task motivation learners (LL condition), a combination of one low and the other high (HL condition), and two high task motivation learners (HH condition). Two participants in a dyad were asked to view a video lecture on a shared screen and not talk until the end of the video lecture, with both learners in full view. Simultaneously, we recorded the cortical hemodynamic activity of two participants in each dyad using functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Results and Conclusions

The group‐level analysis showed that two high‐task motivation learners had better learning performance, greater mental effort, and stronger IBS than a combination of one low and one high‐task motivation and two low‐task motivation. The results from the individual assessment indicated that pairing a person with low task motivation with another with high task motivation resulted in benefits for the low‐task motivation learner in terms of their self‐perceived learning. However, it negatively affected the performance of the high task motivation learner.

Implications

First, high‐task motivation learners were encouraged to co‐view video lectures. Second, instructors were encouraged to intervene between their interactions by providing timely feedback to avoid losses for high‐task motivation learners, as this composition benefits low‐task motivation learners.
Cloning grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) ccdc3 and its expression affected by nutrition state, insulin, and glucagon
Authors: Yang Guokun , Yang Boya , Wang Sunan , Liang Xiaomin , Li Chengquan , Zhang Yanmin , Zhang Xindang , Chang Xulu , Meng Xiaolin
Published: November 2023

As an adipokine, coiled‐coil domain‐containing 3 (CCDC3) plays multiple physiological roles in fatty liver, lipid metabolism, and abdominal obesity. Grass carp was selected as the experimental animal in this study to investigate the roles of Ccdc3 in teleosts. Results showed that the open reading frame (ORF) of cloned ccdc3 was 831 bp and encoded 276 amino acids. Three N‐glycosylation sites and a predicted coiled‐coil domain motif were located in the identified Ccdc3. Moreover, a nuclear localization signal (NLS) was contained in the coiled‐coil domain motif of the identified Ccdc3. The results on tissue distribution revealed that ccdc3 was highly detected in grass carp fat and brain tissue. In the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), the expression of ccdc3 increased remarkably in the brain, hypothalamus, and visceral fat in the glucose treatment group. In the fasting and refeeding experiment, the ccdc3 expression levels were remarkably reduced in the brain, hypothalamus, and visceral fat after 14 days of fasting. In the refeeding group, the ccdc3 expression levels were considerably elevated compared with those in the fasting group. In the induced overfeeding experiment, the ccdc3 expression increased remarkably in the hepatopancreas, brain, and visceral fat tissues. The ccdc3 expression in the primary hepatocytes was remarkably increased with glucose, oleic acid, and insulin treatment. However, ccdc3 expression was markedly decreased with glucagon treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that Ccdc3 is involved in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism of teleosts.
Characterization and quality attributes of spray‐dried Kinnow peel powder using maltodextrin and gum arabic
Authors: Sid Saurabh , Alam Masud , Islam Makdud , Kumar Yogesh , Mor Rahul S , Kishore Anand , Kumar Nitin
Published: November 2023

The present study was designed to encapsulate Kinnow peel powder (KPP) and study its potential to develop functional food. Kinnow peel powder slurry (KPS) was mixed with maltodextrin (MD) and gum arabic (GA) and spray dried. Encapsulated powders were characterized and compared to freeze‐dried KPP based on feed emulsion (KPS:MD:GA), physical, structural, morphological, and antioxidant properties. The powder sample prepared in the combination of KPS:MD:GA = 85:0:15 represented higher encapsulation efficiency (87.83%), viscosity (79 cP), and surface phenolic content (1.22 mg GAE/g). The powder sample prepared with the combination of KPS:MD:GA = 85:15:0 represented higher total phenolics (12.12 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (7.93 mg QE/g) content. An increase in the concentration of MD/GA increased the flow behavior and reduced the powder flowability. Hausner ratio (1.284), and Carr index (22.03%) were observed lower for the sample prepared in the combination KPS:MD:GA = 85:15:0. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis revealed the retention of functional compounds with spray drying. Conclusively, the prepared encapsulated powder can be a functional ingredient for developing different food products, which could valorize Kinnow peel.

Practical applications

The present study offers a practical method for encapsulating Kinnow peel powder using spray drying, employing maltodextrin and gum arabic. These encapsulates effectively preserve the bioactive compounds or Kinnow peel powder, even those sensitive to heat. The resulting powder can enhance the functional attributes of various food products, including antioxidant activity and anti‐inflammatory properties. Additionally, the powder can significantly improve the taste and texture of food products. Consequently, the prepared encapsulated powder exhibits promising potential as a functional ingredient in developing various food products, adding value to Kinnow peel and promoting sustainable utilization.
Decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate increase the risk of pancreatic cancer: A nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Shin Soonsu , Kim Min‐Ho , Lee Dong‐Young , Chun Hyejin , Ha Eunhee , Lee Hyo Choon , Moon Seong‐Ho , Lee Sangho , Ryoo Jae‐Hong
Published: November 2023

Background and Aim

Decreased kidney function is a putative risk factor for various cancers. However, few studies have investigated the association between a decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and incident pancreatic cancer. We aimed to investigate the risk of incident pancreatic cancer according to eGFR categories.

Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we included 359 721 adults who underwent health checkups in 2009 or 2010 by using the Korean National Health Insurance Database. The study population was categorized into four groups by eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation: group 1 (eGFR < 45), group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), and group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to determine the adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidence of pancreatic cancer until 2019 by comparing the eGFR groups.

Results

During the 3 493 589.05 person‐years of follow‐up, 1702 pancreatic cancer cases were identified. Compared with group 4 (eGFR ≥ 90), HRs and 95% CIs for the incidence of pancreatic cancer were 1.39 (1.24–1.56) for group 3 (eGFR ≥ 60 to < 90), 1.79 (1.47–2.16) for group 2 (eGFR ≥ 45 to < 60), and 2.05 (1.62–2.60) for group 1 (eGFR < 45) in the multivariate adjusted model.

Conclusions

Decreased eGFR was significantly associated with an increased risk of pancreatic cancer in Korean population. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between a decreased eGFR and the risk of pancreatic cancer in other ethnic groups.
Professionalism in pre‐licensure nursing education: Core values, didactic coursework and clinical training
Authors: Zemlak Jessica , Rodney Tamar , Mangano Emma , Baptiste Diana‐Lyn
Published: November 2023

Aim

To discuss professionalism for pre‐licensure nursing students and identify recommendations for inclusion in core values, didactic coursework and clinical training.

Background

Professionalism is part of the nursing identity that encompasses integrity and honesty. This concept has been difficult to translate into formal education in nursing programs and clinical practice.

Design

A discursive paper.

Data Sources

A search of national literature without date restrictions in PubMed, CINAHL, Google Scholar and frameworks for nursing education. We explored principles of professionalism in nursing education and practice.

Discussion

Evidence‐based literature supports the integration of core values of altruism, autonomy, human dignity, integrity, honesty and social justice into didactic curricula, and clinical training. Principles of professionalism can be incorporated intentionally in nursing education to maintain patient safety and trust.

Conclusion

The principles of professionalism, related to core values of the nursing profession, are abundantly described in the literature. However, these principles represent core values that have not been formally conceptualized. With the changing landscape of healthcare, there is a need for deliberate, measurable integration of professionalism into pre‐licensure education.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public involvement in the design or drafting of this discursive paper.
The impact of patient–provider relationships on choosing between VA and VA‐purchased care: A qualitative study of health care decision‐making among rural veterans
Authors: Ball Daniel D. , Sadler Anne G. , Steffen Melissa J. , Paez Monica B. , Mengeling Michelle A.
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Since the Choice Act in 2014, many Veterans have had greater options for seeking Veteran Affairs (VA)‐purchased care in the community. We investigated factors that influence rural Veterans’ decisions regarding where to seek care.

Methods

We utilized semi‐structured telephone interviews to query Veterans living in rural or highly rural areas of Midwestern states about their health care options, preferences, and experiences. Interviews were recorded and transcribed, thematically coded, and deductively analyzed using a socioecological approach.

Findings

Forty rural Veterans (20 men/20 women) ages 28–76 years completed interviews in 2019. We found that rural Veterans often spoke about their relationships and interactions with providers as an important factor in deciding where to seek care. They expressed three socioecological qualities of patient–provider relationships that affected their decisions: (1) personal level—rural Veterans traveled longer distances for more compatible patient–provider relationships; (2) interpersonal level—they sought stable patient–provider relationships that encouraged familiarity, trust, and communication; and (3) organizational level—they emphasized shared identities and expertise that fostered a sense of belonging with their provider. Participants also described how impersonal interactions, status differences, and staff turnover impacted their choice of provider and were disruptive to patient–provider relationships.

Conclusions

Rural Veterans’ interview responses suggest exploring innovative ways to measure socioecological dimensions (i.e., personal, interpersonal, and organizational) of access‐related decisions and patient–provider relationships to better understand health care barriers and needs. Such measures align with the VA's Whole Health approach that emphasizes person‐centered care and the value of social relationships to Veterans’ health.
Identity, Incentives, and Religious Defense of Human Rights: Marshall Meyer and the DAIA in Argentina's Dirty War
Authors: Edwards Pearce , Esparza Gabrielle
Published: November 2023

Whether religious groups advance or limit human rights has been a topic of recent debate among human rights scholars. This article studies the conditions under which religious leaders advance human rights in the context of Argentina's Jewish community during the country's 1976–1983 military dictatorship. Three major influences on religious support for human rights—autonomy from a religious community's establishment, a missionary‐reformer identity, and congregational mobilization—are highlighted. Original archival research from the papers of U.S.‐born rabbi Marshall T. Meyer illustrates his defense of human rights in Argentina, contrasting his work with the inaction of a major established Jewish organization. Quantitative cross‐national analysis extends the case study findings by showing a relationship between religious institutions’ autonomy from the state and defense of human rights.
Dual function of the O‐antigen WaaL ligase of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Authors: Danforth David R. , Melloni Marcella , Thorpe Richard , Cohen Avi , Voogt Richard , Tristano Jake , Mintz Keith P.
Published: November 2023

Protein glycosylation is critical to the quaternary structure and collagen‐binding activity of the extracellular matrix protein adhesin A (EmaA) associated with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. The glycosylation of this large, trimeric autotransporter adhesin is postulated to be mediated by WaaL, an enzyme with the canonical function to ligate the O‐polysaccharide (O‐PS) antigen with a terminal sugar of the lipid A‐core oligosaccharide of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In this study, we have determined that the Escherichia coli waaL ortholog (rflA) does not restore collagen binding of a waaL mutant strain of A. actinomycetemcomitans but does restore O‐PS ligase activity following transformation of a plasmid expressing waaL. Therefore, a heterologous E. coli expression system was developed constituted of two independently replicating plasmids expressing either waaL or emaA of A. actinomycetemcomitans to directly demonstrate the necessity of ligase activity for EmaA collagen binding. Proper expression of the protein encoded by each plasmid was characterized, and the individually transformed strains did not promote collagen binding. However, coexpression of the two plasmids resulted in a strain with a significant increase in collagen binding activity and a change in the biochemical properties of the protein. These results provide additional data supporting the novel hypothesis that the WaaL ligase of A. actinomycetemcomitans shares a dual role as a ligase in LPS biosynthesis and is required for collagen binding activity of EmaA.
Navigating Geopolitical Change in Northeast Asia: A Realist Approach to Analyze the Matrix Scenario of US‐China Conflict and US–North Korea Relations
Authors: Min Kyung‐tae
Published: November 2023

This article examines the intricate dynamics of US‐China and US–North Korea relations, focusing on the strategic competition between the United States and China. Drawing upon the realist theories of Kissinger and Mearsheimer, the study delves into how various intensities of US‐China conflict might influence North Korea's strategic value and the prospects for improved US–North Korea relations. The research underscores that escalating US‐China competition could reshape the geopolitical landscape in Northeast Asia, paving the way for new strategic alignments and partnerships. Four distinct scenarios are presented, each reflecting a different intensity of US‐China conflict and the ensuing reactions from both North Korea and the USA. The analysis suggests that the most probable scenario entails an intensifying US‐China rivalry, which correspondingly elevates North Korea's strategic significance. Such a turn of events would necessitate a shift in US strategy – from isolating North Korea to forging more favorable geopolitical conditions. Potential strategies might include reducing North Korea's reliance on China, disrupting the alignment between China, Russia, and North Korea, or even contemplating the integration of Pyongyang into the US security framework. These strategic adjustments could reshape the power dynamics and address regional challenges in Northeast Asia, promoting peace and stability and safeguarding the nation's core interests.
An examination of specialness meaning framework threat in reactive and retroactive romantic jealousy experiences
Authors: Frampton Jessica R.
Published: November 2023

Extant jealousy models explain cases of reactive jealousy, which occurs in response to a partner's unambiguous romantic or sexual involvement with a rival from the present. However, they likely cannot explain cases of retroactive romantic jealousy, which is evoked in response to information about a partner's previous romantic or sexual experiences that occurred before the primary relationship began. Some prior theoretical speculation and research suggest that a sense of specialness may be threatened in jealousy‐evoking situations involving either a partner's current or past romantic activities. The idea that jealousy stems from a threat to expectations of specialness is consistent with a broader model of threat, the meaning maintenance model (MMM). The main purpose of this study was to experimentally test MMM predictions in the context of both reactive and retroactive jealousy alongside of predictions derived from extant jealousy models. The study examined the role of attachment as well. Results indicate expectations of specialness were threatened in experiences of both types of jealousy, and a threat to specialness was the only type of threat perceived for retroactive jealousy. The results also help clarify previous findings regarding attachment and romantic jealousy.
Oxidative stress mitigation in horticultural crops using foliar applications of Ilex paraguariensis extract: a dose‐dependent study
Authors: Yonny Melisa E. , Toscano Adamo María L. , Rodríguez Torresi Ariel , Reversat Guillaume , Zhou Binqging , Oger Camille , Galano Jean‐Marie , Durand Thierry , Vigor Claire , Nazareno Mónica A.
Published: November 2023

Abiotic stress has been shown to induce the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in plant cells. When the level of ROS surpasses the capacity of the endogenous defence mechanism, oxidative stress status is reached, leading to plant damage and a drop in crop productivity. Under oxidative stress conditions, ROS can react with polyunsaturated fatty acids to form oxidized derivatives called phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), which are recognized as biomarkers of oxidative damage advance. Modern agriculture proposes the use of biostimulants as a sustainable strategy to alleviate the negative effects of oxidative stress on plants. This work evaluates the dose effect of natural antioxidant extract to mitigate the oxidative‐stress deleterious effects in melon and sweet pepper exposed to thermal stress. The plants were sprayed with Ilex paraguariensis (IP) aqueous extract in three different concentrations before exposure to abiotic stress. PhytoP and PhytoF levels were determined in the leaves of melon and pepper plants. IP1 and IP2 were effective against oxidative stress in both plants, with IP1 being the most protective one. IP1 decreased the levels of PhytoPs and PhytoFs by roughly 44% in both melon plants and pepper plants. The yield, with IP1, increased by 57 and 39% in stressed melon and pepper plants, respectively. IP3 foliar application in melon plants induced a pro‐oxidant effect rather than the expected mitigating action. However, in sweet pepper plants, IP3 decreased the oxidative stress progress and increased the fruit yield.
Removal of ammonium by‐products produced during biocementation soil improvement using rinse injection strategies
Authors: Lee Minyong , Gomez Michael G.
Published: November 2023

Bio‐mediated soil improvement technologies leverage microbial enzymatic and metabolic processes to generate minerals, gases and biopolymers that can improve soil engineering behaviours with the potential to reduce detrimental environmental impacts when compared with conventional methods. Ureolytic biocementation is perhaps the most widely researched of these processes and relies on urea hydrolysis in the presence of calcium to initiate the precipitation of calcium carbonate minerals on soil particle surfaces and contacts, thereby improving soil behaviours. Although effective, urea hydrolysis generates aqueous ammonium by‐products that may result in undesirable environmental and human health impacts, if left unaddressed. Recent studies have shown the potential of rinse solution injections to effectively remove generated ammonium following biocementation through both advective flow and the removal of sorbed ammonium from soil surfaces; however, critical gaps remain in our understanding of the effect of rinse solution composition and injection strategies on ammonium removal efficacy. In this study, 16 soil column experiments were performed to investigate the effect of rinse solution cation types, cation concentrations, applied injection sequences and biocementation treatment variations on the removal of ammonium from a biocemented poorly graded sand. All columns receiving cation‐enriched rinse solutions achieved greater than 98% aqueous, 65% sorbed and 95% total ammonium removal after injecting 12 pore volumes, with no detectable impacts on cementation integrity. Cation‐enriched solutions specifically enhanced sorbed ammonium removal and achieved sorbed ammonium concentrations up to 2 orders of magnitude less than those observed in columns rinsed with deionized water alone. Columns receiving K+‐based rinse solutions and 12 daily 1‐PV rinse injections also achieved greater total ammonium removal when compared with comparable columns receiving rinse solutions containing other cations and continuous 12‐PV rinse injections.
Phylogenomics improves the phylogenetic resolution and provides strong evidence of mito‐nuclear discordance in two genera of a New Zealand cicada (Hemiptera: Cicadidae) species radiation
Authors: Stukel Mark , Porczak Alexandra E. , Gordon Eric R. L. , Vailionis Jason , Haji Diler , Buckley Thomas R. , Lemmon Alan R. , Lemmon Emily Moriarty , Simon Chris
Published: November 2023

Rapid species radiations present difficulties for phylogenetic reconstruction due to lack of phylogenetic information and processes such as deep coalescence/incomplete lineage sorting and hybridization. Phylogenomic data can overcome some of these difficulties. In this study, we use anchored hybrid enrichment (AHE) nuclear phylogenomic data and mitochondrial genomes recovered from AHE bycatch with several concatenated and coalescent approaches to reconstruct the poorly resolved radiation of the New Zealand cicada species in the genera Kikihia Dugdale and Maoricicada Dugdale. Compared with previous studies using only three to five Sanger‐sequenced genes, we find increased resolution across our phylogenies, but several branches remain unresolved due to topological conflict among genes. Some nodes that are strongly supported by traditional support measures like bootstraps and posterior probabilities still show significant gene and site concordance conflict. In addition, we find strong mito‐nuclear discordance; likely the result of interspecific hybridization events in the evolutionary history of Kikihia and Maoricicada.
Effectiveness of motivational strategies on physical activity behavior and associated outcomes in patients with cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Takemura Naomi , Ho Mu‐Hsing , Cheung Denise Shuk Ting , Lin Chia‐Chin
Published: November 2023

Background

Motivational interviewing is a client‐centered counseling technique widely applied as a behavior change strategy. It has been adopted to help cancer patients modify health behaviors. The effectiveness of motivational interviewing on physical activity behavior and its associated outcomes in cancer patients is unclear.

Aim

The aim of this review was to determine the effect of motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies on physical activity behavior and associated outcomes in cancer patients.

Methods

This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials, following PRISMA guidelines. Eight English databases were searched from inception to October 2022. The outcomes were evaluated using standardized mean differences (SMDs) with fixed‐ and random‐effects models. Methodological quality of the studies was assessed by Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2.0.

Results

Eight trials with 450 participants were identified, with sample sizes ranging from 25 to 87. The number of motivational interviewing sessions ranged from one to 12. The types of motivational strategy intervention varied. Apart from motivational interviewing, pedometers were frequently used as a strategy. The quality of the included studies differed, with one out of eight scoring low in the overall risk of bias. Our meta‐analysis indicated that motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies significantly promoted the total physical activity level (SMD = 0.34, 95% confidence interval [0.10, 0.58], p = .005; low certainty), but not did not affect other physical and psychosocial outcomes.

Conclusion

The combination of motivational interviewing with other motivational strategies was beneficial in increasing the total physical activity level of cancer patients.

Linking Evidence to Action

Motivational interviewing can be a clinical communication skill that healthcare professionals, especially nurses, can acquire to motivate patients to change their behaviors to promote health. Future studies adopting motivational interviewing interventions could consider additional motivational strategies, such as pedometers, to maximize the benefits on physical activity behaviors.