bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kidney Function and Tobacco Smoke Exposure in US Adolescents
Authors: García-Esquinas Esther , Loeffler Lauren F. , Weaver Virginia M. , Fadrowski Jeffrey J. , Navas-Acien Ana
Published: April 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Active smoking and secondhand smoke (SHS) are known risk factors for kidney disease in adults. We evaluated the association between exposure to active smoking or SHS and kidney function in US adolescents.

METHODS:

This is a cross-sectional study in 7516 adolescents aged 12–17 who participated in NHANES 1999–2010 and had serum creatinine and cotinine measures. Active smoking was defined as self-reported smoking or serum cotinine concentrations >10 ng/mL. SHS was defined as nonactive smokers who self-reported living with ≥1 smokers or serum cotinine concentrations ≥ 0.05 ng/mL. Kidney function was determined by using the chronic kidney disease in children estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) equation.

RESULTS:

Median (interquartile range) eGFR and serum cotinine concentrations were 96.8 (85.4–109.0) mL/minute per 1.73 m2 and 0.07 (0.03–0.59) ng/mL, respectively. After multivariable adjustment, eGFR decreased 1.1 mL/minute per 1.73 m2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1.8 to −0.3) per interquartile range increase in serum cotinine concentrations. The mean (95%CI) difference in eGFR for serum cotinine tertiles 1, 2, and 3 among children exposed to SHS compared to unexposed were −0.4 (−1.9 to 1.2), −0.9 (−2.7 to 0.9), and −2.2 (−4.0 to −0.4) mL/minute per 1.73 m2, respectively (P = .03). The corresponding values among tertiles of active smokers compared to unexposed were 0.2 (−2.2 to 2.6), −1.9 (−3.8 to 0.0), and −2.6 (−4.6 to −0.6) mL/minute per 1.73 m2 (P = .01).

CONCLUSIONS:

Tobacco smoke exposure was associated with decreased eGFR in US adolescents, supporting the possibility that tobacco smoke effects on kidney function begin in childhood.
Potential of texture-based classification in urban landscapes using multispectral aerial photos
Authors: Mhangara Paidamwoyo , Odindi John
Published: April 2013

Multispectral remote sensing application in thematic urban land-use or land-cover (LULC) classification has gained popularity in the recent past. However, as a result of the complexity of urban landscapes and spectral limitations in commonly used imagery, accurate urban LULC classification has often been impeded by confusion of spectra among multiple urban LULC types. The emergence of multispectral aerial photographs, characterised by high spatial resolution and multispectral information, offers great potential for LULC classification. In this study, we hypothesised that textural information using optimum Haralick textural features inherent in multispectral aerial photographs can be used to generate reliable land-cover maps in heterogeneous urban landscapes. Haralick textural feature optimisation and object-based classification were used to discriminate diverse urban LULC types. Grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) Entropy, GLCM Mean and GLCM Angular Second Moment texture features were used to discriminate different LULC types while the Jeffreys–Matisuta separability analysis was used to identify optimum thresholds for the development of object-based classification rules. Results from object-based classification were also compared to classification output using the aerial photograph’s spectral information. Results show that use of both object-based Haralick textural features and the spectral characteristics on multispectral aerial photographs can be used to generate reliable LULC classes. Classification based on object-based Haralick textural features produced higher accuracy than that based on spectral information. Multispectral aerial photographs using both object-based Haralick textural features and spectral information offer great potential in mapping urban landscapes often characterised by heterogeneous cover types.
Habitat breadth and geographic range predict diversity dynamics in marine Mesozoic bivalves
Authors: Nürnberg Sabine , Aberhan Martin
Published: April 2013

Numerous environmental and intrinsic biotic factors have been sought to explain patterns in diversity and turnover. Using taxonomically vetted and sampling-standardized data sets of more than 50,000 taxonomic occurrences in the Paleobiology Database (PaleoDB) we tested whether habitat breadth predicts genus durations and diversity dynamics of marine Mesozoic bivalves, and whether this effect is independent of the well-known positive relationship between geographic range and longevity. We defined the habitat breadth of a genus as a function of its realized ranges in water depth, substrate type, and grain size of the substrate. Our analysis showed that mean values of extinction and origination rates are significantly higher for narrowly adapted genera compared to broadly adapted genera, with differences being evident in all analyzed stratigraphic intervals. Linear models showed that both geographic range and habitat breadth have an independent effect on genus durations and on diversity dynamics. These results reaffirm the role of geographic range and furthermore suggest that habitat breadth is an equally important key predictor of extinction risk and origination probability in Mesozoic marine bivalves. Habitat generalists, regardless of their geographic range, are generally less prone to extinction. Conversely, widely distributed genera that are more specialized may be more endangered than one would expect from their geographic range alone. Extinction rates tend to be higher for specialized genera in both background and mass extinctions, suggesting that wide habitat breadth universally buffers against extinction. The trajectories of origination rates through time differ from those of extinction rates. Whereas there is no pronounced ecological selectivity in origination in the Triassic and most of the Jurassic, Cretaceous origination rates are higher for specialized genera. This may best be explained by diversity-dependence. When diversity levels reach a critical point a further increase in diversity is achieved by elevated origination rates of more specialized forms.
Modeling of radial well lateral screens using 1D finite elements
Authors: Dimkic M. , Rankovic V. , Filipovic N. , Stojanovic B. , Isailovic V. , Pusic M. , Kojic M.
Published: April 2013

A water supply system including radial wells (RWs) is usually large, extending several tens of kilometers horizontally and is dozens of meters deep. An RW is a vertical shaft with lateral screens, which radially penetrate the soil. A large and complex 3D finite element (FE) mesh also needs to include laterals with cross-sectional dimensions measured in centimeters. An adequate representation of lateral screens by line elements, with nodes coinciding with the 3D FE mesh nodes, is desirable in order to simplify modeling, render the computation efficient, and present the results in an easily readable form. Line elements are introduced for the lateral screens and accuracy of the results is analyzed. It was found that the domain size of an RW (or laterals) has a more pronounced effect on accuracy than mesh density. The authors' conclusion is that the concept of 1D RW lateral screens representation is adequate for practical purposes.
Evaluation of a near-real time NEXRAD DSP product in evolution of heavy rain events on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin, Texas
Authors: Wang Xianwei , Xie Hongjie , Mazari Newfel , Zeitler Jon , Sharif Hatim , Hammond Weldon
Published: April 2013

This study evaluates the Next Generation Weather Radar (NEXRAD) Digital Storm-Total Precipitation product (DSP) by analyzing 30 rain events on the Upper Guadalupe River Basin, Texas, from September 2006 to May 2007. The DSP product provides relatively accurate information on the evolution of rain events at high spatial and temporal resolutions in near-real time. This is particularly important for rainfall estimation of heavy rain events and flash flood forecasting. The DSP's accuracy is comparable to the other NEXRAD product MPE (multisensor precipitation estimator, at hourly resolution and 4 km grid spacing) at both hourly and event total scales for some heavy rain events, although the DSP is inferior to the MPE product for total rainfall of all 30 rain events analyzed, especially for light rain events. The DSP product shows the best agreement with gauges at ranges of 50–150 km from the radar (with mean absolute estimation bias (MAEB) of +15–22% for total rainfall of 30 rain events), while underestimating precipitation at both close ranges (<30 km) and far ranges (>180 km). The DSP product also tends to underestimate (overestimate) precipitation during event growth (dissipation). However, the total rainfall estimate for all rain events over a long period from DSP shows range dependence and is not recommended for calculation of water resource budget.
Dynamic soft sensors for detecting factors affecting turbidity in drinking water
Authors: Juntunen Petri , Liukkonen Mika , Lehtola Markku J. , Hiltunen Yrjö
Published: April 2013

Effective monitoring of water quality is critical for water safety. In particular, online monitoring based on modeling is useful in several applications such as process assessment, hazardous event detection or common fault diagnostics in the water processes. Soft sensors have lately established themselves as a good alternative for different tasks of process control such as the acquisition of critical process variables and process monitoring. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic method for predicting turbidity in drinking water. The goals of the work were to construct a dynamic real-time data-driven model to predict the turbidity in treated water and to find the most significant variables affecting turbidity. Both linear and non-linear regression methods are used in modeling. Our results show that the static linear or non-linear model (r = 0.40 and r = 0.52, respectively) is not able to follow the changes in turbidity, whereas the dynamic method can produce a reasonable estimate for turbidity (r = 0.75 for the dynamic linear and r = 0.86 for the dynamic non-linear model). In conclusion, the data analysis procedure seems to provide an efficient means of modeling the water treatment process online and of defining the most affecting variables.
A Bayesian approach to probabilistic streamflow forecasts
Authors: Wang Hui , Reich Brian , Lim Yeo Howe
Published: April 2013

One-month-ahead streamflow forecasting is important for water utilities to manage water resources such as irrigation water usage and hydropower generation. While deterministic streamflow forecasts have been utilized extensively in research and practice, ensemble streamflow forecasts and probabilistic information are gaining more attention. This study aims to examine a multivariate linear Bayesian regression approach to provide probabilistic streamflow forecasts by incorporating gridded precipitation forecasts from climate models and lagged monthly streamflow data. Principal component analysis is applied to reduce the size of the regression model. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm is used to sample from the posterior distribution of model parameters. The proposed approach is tested on gauge data acquired during 1961–2000 in North Carolina. Results reveal that the proposed method is a promising alternative forecasting technique and that it performs well for probabilistic streamflow forecasts.
Distributed tree-based model predictive control on a drainage water system
Authors: Maestre J. M. , Raso L. , van Overloop P. J. , De Schutter B.
Published: April 2013

Open water systems are one of the most externally influenced systems due to their size and continuous exposure to uncertain meteorological forces. The control of systems under uncertainty is, in general, a challenging problem. In this paper, we use a stochastic programming approach to control a drainage system in which the weather forecast is modeled as a disturbance tree. Each branch of the tree corresponds to a possible disturbance realization and has a certain probability associated to it. A model predictive controller is used to optimize the expected value of the system variables taking into account the disturbance tree. This technique, tree-based model predictive control (TBMPC), is solved in a distributed fashion. In particular, we apply dual decomposition to get an optimization problem that can be solved by different agents in parallel. In addition, different possibilities are considered in order to reduce the communicational burden of the distributed algorithm without reducing the performance of the controller significantly. Finally, the performance of this technique is compared with others such as minmax or multiple MPC.
Improving reliability of river flow forecasting using neural networks, wavelets and self-organising maps
Authors: Tiwari Mukesh K. , Song Ki-Young , Chatterjee Chandranath , Gupta Madan M.
Published: April 2013

Neural network (NN) models have gained much attention for river flow forecasting because of their ability to map complex non-linearities. However, the selection of appropriate length of training datasets is crucial and the uncertainty in predictions of the trained NNs with new datasets is a crucial problem. In this study, self-organising maps (SOM) are used to classify the datasets homogeneously and the performance of four types of NN models developed for daily discharge predictions – namely traditional NN, wavelet-based NN (WNN), bootstrap-based NN (BNN) and wavelet-bootstrap-based NN (WBNN) – is analysed for their applicability cluster-wise. SOM classified the training datasets into three clusters (i.e. cluster I, II and III) and the trained SOM is then used to assign testing datasets into these three clusters. Simulation studies show that the WBNN model performs better for the entire testing dataset as well as for values in clusters I and III; for cluster II the performance of BNN model is better compared with others for a 1-day lead time forecasting. Overall, it is found that the proposed methodology can enhance the accuracy and reliability of river flow forecasting.
A generic approach in estimating vegetation density for hydrodynamic roughness parameterization using high density airborne laser scanning data
Authors: Rahman M. Z. A. , Gorte B. , Menenti M. , Ibrahim A. L.
Published: April 2013

Vegetation density is among the important parameters required for determination of hydrodynamic roughness over vegetated areas. High density airborne light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data offer several potentials to improve estimation of vegetation density. Available methods in estimating vegetation density based on regression models did not take into account understorey vegetation and were not tested under different forest conditions. We present a method to develop and validate a generic regression model by using simulations of airborne laser scanning. The results show that available indices failed to produce good estimation which leads to a new predictor called low points index (LP). The vegetation density of trees is estimated using the FLI-MAP 400 data based on a regression model and estimated tree diameter at breast height. Finally, vegetation density is estimated at different spatial resolutions, which is useful for the estimation of multi-resolution and spatially distributed hydrodynamic roughness.
Two-Year Clinical Performance of a Low-Shrinkage Composite in Posterior Restorations
Authors: Baracco B , Perdigão J , Cabrera E , Ceballos L
Published: April 2013

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the two-year clinical performance of three restorative systems in posterior restorations, which included a low-shrinkage composite and both etch-and-rinse and self-etch adhesive strategies.

Materials and Methods

After signing an informed consent, 25 patients received three Class I (occlusal) or Class II restorations performed with one of three restorative systems: Filtek Silorane Restorative System, Adper Scotchbond 1 XT (a two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive) with Filtek Z250, and Adper Scotchbond SE (a two-step self-etch adhesive) with Filtek Z250. All materials were applied following the manufacturer's instructions. Two blind observers evaluated the restorations at three different moments (baseline; and after one and two years) according to the US Public Health Service modified criteria. Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used to compare the behavior of the restorative systems, while Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were applied to analyze the intra-system data (p<0.05).

Results

The three restorative systems showed a statistically similar clinical performance at two years. Intra-system comparisons between baseline and two years showed declining marginal adaptation scores in the restorations placed with all systems. In addition, marginal staining and surface roughness scores were lower after two years for the restorations placed with Adper Scotchbond SE + Filtek Z250.

Conclusions

Although the clinical performance of Filtek Silorane was considered acceptable after two years, no advantage of the silorane-based resin over the methacrylate-based composite was found. Teeth restored with Adper Scotchbond SE showed a tendency for marginal staining, which may compromise the final color of the restorations.
Bulk-fill Resin-based Composites: An In Vitro Assessment of Their Mechanical Performance
Authors: Ilie N , Bucuta S , Draenert M
Published: April 2013

The study aimed to assess the mechanical performance of seven bulk-fill RBCs (Venus Bulk Fill, Heraeus Kulzer; SureFil SDR flow, Dentsply Caulk; x-tra base and x-tra fil, VOCO; Filtek Bulk Fill, 3M ESPE; SonicFill, Kerr; Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill, Ivoclar Vivadent) by determining their flexural strength (σ), reliability (Weibull parameter, m), flexural modulus (Eflexural), indentation modulus (YHU), Vickers hardness (HV), and creep (Cr).

The significant highest flexural strengths were measured for SonicFill, x-tra base, and x-tra fil, while x-tra base, SureFil SDR flow, and Venus Bulk Fill showed the best reliability. The differences among the materials became more evident in terms of Eflexural and YHU, with x-tra fil achieving the highest values, while Filtek Bulk Fill and Venus Bulk Fill achieved the lowest. The enlarged depth of cure in bulk-fill RBCs seems to have been realized by enhancing the materials' translucency through decreasing the filler amount and increasing the filler size. The manufacturer's recommendation to finish a bulk-fill RBC restoration by adding a capping layer made of regular RBCs is an imperative necessity, since the modulus of elasticity and hardness of certain materials (SureFil SDR flow, Venus Bulk Fill, and Filtek Bulk Fill) were considerably below the mean values measured in regular nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.

The class of bulk-fill RBCs revealed similar flexural strength values as the class of nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs, and significantly higher values when compared to flowable RBCs. The modulus of elasticity (Eflexural), the indentation modulus (YHU), and the Vickers hardness (HV) classify the bulk-fill RBCs as between the hybrid RBCs and the flowable RBCs; in terms of creep, bulk-fill and the flowable RBCs perform similarly, both showing a significantly lower creep resistance when compared to the nanohybrid and microhybrid RBCs.
Elevated Brain Weight/Liver Weight Ratio in Normal Body Weight Centile Term Perinatal Deaths: An Indicator of Terminal Intrauterine Malnourishment
Authors: Marton Tamas , Hargitai Beata , Bowen Clare , Cox Phillip M.
Published: April 2013

A proportion of antepartum/intrapartum intrauterine deaths (IUDs) with normal or elevated body weight (BW) centile also show an elevated brain weight/liver weight (BLR) ratio. We postulate that this may be an indication of intrauterine malnourishment/incipient intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), which may have a bearing on the cause of death. Searching our departmental postmortem database, we identified 331 IUD/intrapartum deaths (254; 77%) or early neonatal deaths (77; 23%), ≥37/40 weeks gestation in a 4-year period. The customized BW centile, BLR, brain weight/thymus weight ratio (BTR), fetus weight/placenta weight ratio (FPR), and maternal body mass index were calculated. A BLR >4.0 and a BTR >60 were regarded as abnormal. Of the 331 cases, the BLR was >4.0 in 71 (21.4%). Nineteen (26.7%) of the 71 had a BW above the 25th centile, and these were all IUDs. Eight deaths were explained. In the 11 unexplained deaths, the BTR was raised in 5 and FPR was elevated in 7. Three of these 11 mothers had impaired glucose tolerance, and 7 were overweight or obese. In the absence of a definitive cause, a raised BLR in an IUD with a normal BW centile is likely to indicate nutritional impairment/incipient IUGR. The majority of these deaths are associated with maternal obesity, with or without impaired glucose tolerance. Recognition of features of IUGR in IUDs of normal BW may help us understand the death. In these cases, placental growth may be insufficient to support a macrosomic fetus, leading to late nutritional impairment and death.
A Hybrid Chaos-Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Window
Authors: Hu Wenbin , Liang Huanle , Peng Chao , Du Bo , Hu Qi
Published: April 2013

State-of-the-art heuristic algorithms to solve the vehicle routing problem with time windows (VRPTW) usually present slow speeds during the early iterations and easily fall into local optimal solutions. Focusing on solving the above problems, this paper analyzes the particle encoding and decoding strategy of the particle swarm optimization algorithm, the construction of the vehicle route and the judgment of the local optimal solution. Based on these, a hybrid chaos-particle swarm optimization algorithm (HPSO) is proposed to solve VRPTW. The chaos algorithm is employed to re-initialize the particle swarm. An efficient insertion heuristic algorithm is also proposed to build the valid vehicle route in the particle decoding process. A particle swarm premature convergence judgment mechanism is formulated and combined with the chaos algorithm and Gaussian mutation into HPSO when the particle swarm falls into the local convergence. Extensive experiments are carried out to test the parameter settings in the insertion heuristic algorithm and to evaluate that they are corresponding to the data’s real-distribution in the concrete problem. It is also revealed that the HPSO achieves a better performance than the other state-of-the-art algorithms on solving VRPTW.
On a Self-Consistency Thermodynamical Criterion for Equations of the State of Gases in Relativistic Frames
Authors: De Parga Gonzalo , Vargas Adriana , López-Carrera Benjamín
Published: April 2013

More than three decades ago, Tykodi and Hummel proposed a procedure to investigate the self-consistency thermodynamical criterion for equations of the state of gases. The main criterion used by these authors consists of requiring that an equation of state must not be inconsistent with certain thermodynamical identities from the first and second laws of thermodynamics. This paper explores the possibility of another self-consistency method based on relativistic transformations of the thermodynamical variables. It is shown that the virial coefficients have to be corrected by a relativistic factor if the equation of state is considered in a moving relativistic reference frame. Some relativistic and non-relativistic equations of state are analyzed.
Structure and Conformational Dynamics of DMPC/Dicationic Surfactant and DMPC/Dicationic Surfactant/DNA Systems
Authors: Pietralik Zuzanna , Krzysztoń Rafał , Kida Wojciech , Andrzejewska Weronika , Kozak Maciej
Published: April 2013

Amphiphilic dicationic surfactants, known as gemini surfactants, are currently studied for gene delivery purposes. The gemini surfactant molecule is composed of two hydrophilic “head” groups attached to hydrophobic chains and connected via molecular linker between them. The influence of different concentrations of 1,5-bis (1-imidazolilo-3-decyloxymethyl) pentane chloride (gemini surfactant) on the thermotropic phase behaviour of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) bilayers with and without the presence of DNA was investigated using Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopies, small angle scattering of synchrotron radiation and differential scanning calorimetry. With increasing concentration of surfactant in DMPC/DNA systems, a disappearance of pretransition and a decrease in the main phase transition enthalpy and temperature were observed. The increasing intensity of diffraction peaks as a function of surfactant concentration also clearly shows the ability of the surfactant to promote the organisation of lipid bilayers in the multilayer lamellar phase.
Sodomy Laws and Gender Variance in Tahiti and Hawai‘i
Authors: Zanghellini Aleardo
Published: April 2013

In both Hawaiian and Tahitian, the central meaning of mahu denotes gender-variant individuals, particularly male-bodied persons who have a significant investment in femininity. However, in Hawai‘i, unlike Tahiti, the word mahu is now more commonly used as an insult against gay or transgender people. The negative connotation of the term in Hawaiian indexes lower levels of social acceptability for mahu identity on O‘ahu (Hawai‘i’s most populous island) as compared to Tahiti. The article argues that these differences are partly due to a historical legacy of sexually repressive laws. The article traces the history of sodomy laws in these two Polynesian societies and argues that this history supports the hypothesis that sodomy laws (in conjunction with such social processes as urbanisation and Christianisation) are partially to blame for the diminished social status of mahu on O‘ahu. A different social and legal history in Tahiti accounts for the fact that the loss of social status experienced by Tahitian mahu has been lesser than that of their Hawaiian counterparts.
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Class C Fly Ash-Based Geopolymer Paste and Mortar
Authors: Li Xueying , Ma Xinwei , Zhang Shoujie , Zheng Enzu
Published: April 2013

This paper presents workability, compressive strength and microstructure for geopolymer pastes and mortars made of class C fly ash at mass ratios of water-to-fly ash from 0.30 to 0.35. Fluidity was in the range of 145–173 mm for pastes and 131–136 mm for mortars. The highest strengths of paste and mortar were 58 MPa and 85 MPa when they were cured at 70 °C for 24 h. In XRD patterns, unreacted quartz and some reacted product were observed. SEM examination indicated that reacted product has formed and covered the unreacted particles in the paste and mortar that were consistent with their high strength.
Yellow Pigments, Fomitellanols A and B, and Drimane Sesquiterpenoids, Cryptoporic Acids P and Q, from Fomitella fraxinea and Their Inhibitory Activity against COX and 5-LO
Authors: Yoshikawa Kazuko , Koso Kazuaki , Shimomura Masumi , Tanaka Masami , Yamamoto Hirofumi , Imagawa Hiroshi , Arihara Shigenobu , Hashimoto Toshihiro
Published: April 2013

Yellow pigments, fomitellanols A (1a) and B (2a), and drimane-type sesquiterpenoid ethers of isocitric acid, cryptoporic acids P (3) and Q (4), have been isolated from the fruiting bodies of Fomitella fraxinea (Polyporaceae). Their structures were established by a combination of extensive NMR spectroscopy and/or X-ray crystallographic analyses, and their biological activity against COX-1, COX-2, and 5-LO was investigated.
Understanding the Economic Integration of Immigrants: A Wage Decomposition of the Earnings Disparities between Native-Born Canadians and Recent Immigrant Cohorts
Authors: Frank Kristyn , Phythian Kelli , Walters David , Anisef Paul
Published: April 2013

This study assesses whether characteristics relating to ethnic identity and social inclusion influence the earnings of recent immigrants in Canada. Past research has revealed that relevant predictors of immigrant earnings include structural and demographic characteristics, educational credentials and employment-related characteristics. However, due to the unavailability of situational and agency variables in existing surveys, past research has generally been unable to account for the impact of such characteristics on the economic integration of immigrants. Drawing on data from Statistics Canada's Ethnic Diversity Survey, this paper builds on previous research by identifying the relative extent to which sociodemographic, educational and ethnic identity characteristics explain earnings differences between immigrants of two recent cohorts and native-born Canadians. The results indicate that immigrants are disadvantaged in the labor market in terms of characteristics relating to sociodemographics and ethnic identity, but are advantaged in terms of human capital.
Eumée jointoyeur
Authors: Deroy Louis
Published: April 2013

Réponse à la critique de M. F. Chamoux dans la REG, 1952, pp. 281-288. Une observation archéologique concernant un procédé archaïque de pavage amène l'auteur à modifier son interprétation de ῥυτοΐσι λάεσσι dans Od. XIV 10 : il s'agirait là aussi du sol et non du mur de l'enclos. La forme et le sens suggèrent de rapprocher ῥυτός de lat. rudus (ruderare) sur le plan préindoeuropéen.
Les Épicuriens et l'amour
Authors: Flacelière Robert
Published: April 2013

Dans Plutarque, Éroticos, 767 C, les hommes ανέραστοι auxquels il est fait allusion sont bien les Épicuriens, quoi qu'ait objecté le P. Festugière dans la REG, 1952, p. 259 : l'épithète n'implique pas chez ceux qu'elle vise de l'hostilité à l'égard des femmes ni à l'égard du plaisir sexuel, mais à l'égard du sentiment amoureux, que l'objet aimé soit femme ou garçon. C'est ce sentiment, défendu par Plutarque, que condamnent les Épicuriens, comme l'un des pires obstacles à l'ataraxie.
Sur la chronologie de trois lettres de Théodoret de Cyr
Authors: Azéma Yvan
Published: April 2013

Les lettres 66, 67 de Sirmond et XXXII du recueil de Patmos, relatives à la dédicace d'une église érigée en l'honneur des saints apôtres et prophètes, sont à ranger selon toute vraisemblance (ainsi que la lettre XXX) parmi les plus anciennes lettres de Théodoret parvenues jusqu'à nous. L'auteur trouve confirmation dé cette hypothèse dans deux passages de l'Histoire Religieuse (PG 82, 1449 AB et 1452 B).
Sur la théorie des couleurs et des saveurs dans le « De Sensu » aristotélicien
Authors: Kucharski Paul
Published: April 2013

Cette théorie des couleurs et des saveurs pourrait être appelée « quantitative ». La diversité qu'offrent les unes comme les autres est expliquée par la variété des rapports suivant lesquels se mélangent les deux couleurs et les deux saveurs primordiales. Aristote recourt systématiquement à deux sortes de rapports : les coinmensurables et les incommensurables, et cette conception semble valable pour tous les mélanges en général. Il apparaît comme vraisemblable que cette explication de la diversité des couleurs et des saveurs a été calquée sur la théorie contemporaine de la musique. La seconde partie de l'article justifie cette vue par l'étude d'une page de VExposilion de Théon de Smyrne. En appendice sont examinées les expressions relatives à la commensurabilité et à l'incommensurabilité, qui se rencontrent dans le De Sensu.
L'énigme du Nombre de Platon et la Loi des dispositifs de M. Diès
Authors: Denkinger Marc
Published: April 2013

Après une revue analytique des solutions valables des trois derniers problèmes de l'énigme du Nombre de Platon, Rep. 556, b-c. on s'altaque au premier d'entre eux, resté le hochet des commentateurs. M. Diès (dont il faut malheureusement écarter les conclusions) ayant mis en lumière, dès 1933, d'après Proclus, la signification technique des termes, on parvient enfin à une solution qui rend compte des particularités du texte. Il est clair, désormais que l'énigme donne partout 12 9n0. 000, qui est le Nombre unique de Plalon. Suivent quatre notes critiques. Platon a appelé son Nombre « géométrique » à cause d'une proportion « géométrique » cachée [48 : 36 = 36 : 27] (I), sur laquelle il a bâti son énigme (II). Le casse- tête imputé à Aristote : « le nombre du diagramme rendu solide », Pol. v, 1316 a 1, s'explique, pourvu qu'on s'écarte du type spécial des diagrammes traditionnels fournis chez Théon, Nicomaque, etc. (III). Enfin, après examen du « badinage puéril d'aspect grave » annoncé par Socrate pour le discours des Muses (Rep. 54.1 d-e) et considération de l'histoire interné de la première Académie, on conclut en distinguant entre les calculs légitimes exigés par l'énigme et la signification du Nombre produit, lequel a tout l'air d'une parodie risquée par Platon dans un moment de triomphe, hélas prématuré, lorsqu'il s'imagina qu'il avait définitivement ruiné la philosophie pythagoricienne des Nombres (IV).
Callimaque, Épigramme 41.
Authors: Bousquet Jean
Published: April 2013

Au cinquième vers, l'incompréhensible leçon des manuscrits † ουκισυνιφησον † doit s"interpréter ούκ εις σευ ; δίφησον = « n'est-ce pas chez toi ? cherche ». La suite des idées et le ton du poème se comprennent ainsi naturellement. Une note finale repousse l'interprétation récente du même passage par F. Dornseiff (Symb. Osl., 1953), que sa complication reud bien peu vraisemblable.
Remarques sur quelques passages du IIe Stromate de Clément d'Alexandrie
Authors: Mehat André
Published: April 2013

Discussion du sens de II Str. XIII. 57, 3-4 ; VI, 26,5 ;27,5 ; XIII. 56, 1 ; 58. 1 ; 58, 2 ; XIV, 60,1 ; XV, 65.1, à propos de la traduction du P. Mondésert.
Le περι θεων και κοσμου de Saloustios et l'influence de l'Empereur Julien
Authors: Rochefort Gabriel
Published: April 2013

Le traité Des Dieux et du Monde, qui présente la somme de la doctrine « hellène » de l'Empereur Julien, est l'œuvre de son ancien questeur en Gaule, le Préfet du Prétoire d'Orient, Salorninos Saloustios Secoundos. Une influence très nette de l'Empereur est révélée par l'étude des dogmes et par l'examen de l'exégèse de certains mythes (celui d'Attis par exemple) ; il s'agit essentiellement, dans ce combat contre « l'athéisme », de rappeler les articles cardinaux de la Foi ancestrale, qui permettront au fidèle d'aborder ensuite l'enseignement des vérités supérieures. Les différences d'interprétation que l'on trouve parfois entre Saloustios et Julien s'expliquent par la destination de leurs ouvrages : le grand public cultivé, pour le premier, et les dignitaires élevés de l'Église nouvelle, pour le second. Néanmoins, on ne peut pas toujours distinguer dans l'exposé doctrinal ce qui appartient en propre à l'un plutôt qu'à l'autre, « toutes les pensées étant communes » entre Julien et Saloustios.
Les inscriptions grecques d'Abou-Simbel
Authors: Bernand André , Masson Olivier
Published: April 2013

Trois semaines passées à Abou-Simbel ont permis la révision d'après la pierre et le relevé des textes grecs gravés sur les jambes des colosses méridionaux de la façade du grand temple. Ces trente-deux inscriptions sont ici présentées avec lemme bibliographique, transcription, traduction, apparat critique, commentaire et fac-similé. Onze inscriptions sont inédites ; les autres n'étaient connues jusqu'ici que par les relevés de Lepsius, effectués en août 1844, de façon souvent incomplète ou erronée. On distingue, d'après l'écriture, deux groupes d'inscriptions -. sept remontant à la campagne de Psammétique II en Nubie (591 a-C), vingt-six remontant à l'époque ptolémaïque. Dans le premier groupe, les nouveaux relevés permettent de rétablir un procès-verbal de deux longues lignes, faisant connaître un des chefs grecs de l'expédition : Anaxanôr d'Ialysos ; ainsi se trouve précisée l'organisation de l'armée de Psammétique II. En outre, deux noms figurant dans le Namenbuch de Preisigke sont à supprimer : hαγέσερμος et Πασίδων. Dans le second groupe, les textes ne sont que des signatures, complétées parfois par l'indication de l'ethnique ou de la profession. Quatorze de ces signatures sont inédites. Les nouveaux relevés permettent d'améliorer certaines lectures et, surtout, de faire disparaître du Namenbuch une série de noms, qui n'existenl pas à Abou-Simbel : Ἄρκτις, Λάρος, Ἵππος, Ξηνόβιος, Σαδαχὰς Τιμόδαρος, Τύλλος, Τυλλόσδαρος. Le nombre de ces signatures, — trop brèves, trop avares de renseignements et difficilement utilisables en raison de l'homonymie, — témoigne que ce poste à la frontière du Soudan, cette halte sur la route suivie par les mercenaires de Psammétique II, ne fut pas abandonnée à l'époque ptolémalque.
Ἕξις, Σχέσις et σχῆμα chez Platon
Authors: Mugler Charles
Published: April 2013

Après avoir donné un aperçu général des emplois de ces trois noms dans les dialogues de Platon, l'A. examine en particulier Politique 273 B, Lois X 893 E, Timée 73 A, et, en rapport avec la terminologie de Platon, Proclus, in Eucl., éd. Friedlein, p. 111. Des considérations sémantiques, fondées sur la première partie de ce travail, l'amènent à proposer deux conjectures, l'une dans Platon, Timée 73 A, l'autre dans Proclus, p. 111, I. 4.
Sur un Florilège philonien
Authors: Cadiou René
Published: April 2013

Certains préceptes célèbres de la diatribe judéo-hellénique sont attestés par une famille de manuscrits-florilèges (de type principal Bibl. Laurentienne, plut. LVII-12, fol. 122-123), où les groupements ne sont pas moins à retenir que les données textuelles. Dans le présent cas les uns et les autres sont primitifs par rapport à l'édition classique de Philon, et reliés à la littérature de secte antérieure aux Flaviens.
Sur une traduction récente de l'« Iliade » en grec moderne
Authors: Mirambel André
Published: April 2013

En 1955, N. Kazantzakis et I. Kakridis ont publié une traduction en grec moderne de l'Iliade. Venue un demi-siècle après celle de Pallis, elle permet à la fois d'apprécier le progrès de la langue littéraire en Grèce depuis 1904, et la continuité du grec dans plusieurs traits de structure relatifs à la syntaxe (phrase nominale, construction appositionnelle, parataxe) et au vocabulaire (caractères généraux : éléments poétiques, dialectaux, créations récentes ,- épithètes des personnages ; composition lexicale). — Le grec moderne s'est formé littérairement avant de s'appliquer à la traduction de grandes œuvres antiques.
Noms grecs de plantes. Étymologies nouvelles
Authors: Carnoy Albert
Published: April 2013

Parmi les lacunes de nos dictionnaires étymologiques, on rencontre spécialement des noms d'animaux ou de plantes. Un grand nombre de ceux-ci sont pourtant susceptibles d'étymologies raisonnables par les racines indo-européennes, en tenant compte de l'aspect et de l'emploi des animaux ou végétaux en question. L'auteur s'efforce de le démontrer à propos de divers phytonymes encore inexpliqués, tels que ἀκέανος, κύτισος, ἀνεμώνη, ἄρκευθος, ἄσκυρον, γηθυλλίς, ἑλλέβορος, θάλικτρον, ζίζυφον, κέρασος, λίνον,μεσπίλη, ῥάπυς, σίον, etc.
Sur une polémique scientifique dans Aristophane
Authors: Mugler Charles
Published: April 2013

La singulière insistance avec laquelle Aristophane oppose, aux vers 1004 sq. des Oiseaux, la forme droite des rayons lumineux à la sphéricité des sources lumineuses du ciel est le reflet d'une polémique menée par Méton contre Anaxagore et ayant pour objet la loi de la propagation rectiligne de la lumière.
Deux notes papyrologiques
Authors: Hemmerdinger Bertrand
Published: April 2013

I. L'origine des Papyrus d'Herculanum. — Les papyrus d'Herculanum, qui appartenaient à la bibliothèque de Marcus Octauius, doivent venir d'Athènes, car ils ont été trouvés à côté d'un bronze signé par un artiste athénien, et seize d'entre eux présentent des indications stichométriques en chiffres attiques. — II. Les papyrus et la datation d'Harpocration. — M. C. H. Roberts a identifié avec Valerius Diodorus, qui vivait en 173, et son père Valerius Polion deux des érudits mentionnés dans une lettre trouvée à Oxyrhynchus. Un troisième se nommant Harpocration, M. C. H. Roberts propose de l'identifier avec l'auteur des Λέξεις τῶν δέκα ῥητόρων. Le raisonnement n'est pas contraignant : deux autres lexicographes se nomment Harpocration. Mais notre Harpocration, s'appelant Valerius comme Diodorus et Polion, doit en être l'affranchi ou le parent.
A note on Achilles Tatius III-21-3
Authors: Rattenbury Robert Mantle
Published: April 2013

The sentence ό σίδηρος γὰρ αυτὴν ἐσταλμένην διὰ ταύτης ἀνατμηθῆναι μέσην τῆς ἐσθῆτος λέγει ὁ χρησμός has no construction, although the required sense is plain from the context. It is suggested that all the difiiculties would be removed if the sentence were corrected so as to read ὅτι δεῖ γὰρ αὐτήν ἐσταλμένην διὰ ταύτης ἀνατμηθῆναι μέσην [τῆς ἐσθῆτος] λέγει ὁ χρησμός, and that the corruption was due to a combination of mechanical and psychological causes.
Zu der Tübinger Theosophie
Authors: Wifstrand Albert
Published: April 2013

L'A. présente plusieurs corrections au texte grec dit « Théosophie de Tübingen », recueil d'extraits de la fin du Ve siècle ap. J.-C, publié pour la première fois par K. Buresch en 1889 et réédité en 1941 par H. Erbse, Fragmente griechischer Theosophien. Ces corrections portent sur les §§2, 14, 26, 46, sur les passages relatifs aux Sibylles de Cumes et d'Érythrées, sur les pp. 193, 194, 196 de la dissertation d'Erbse.
L'association des idées comme principe de composition dans Homère, Hésiode, Théognis
Authors: Verdenius W.J.
Published: April 2013

Les raisonnements des auteurs archaïques grecs sont souvent difficiles à comprendre. Plusieurs de ces difficultés consistent dans le fait que la suite des idées est déterminée par une association implicite. Ceci est démontré par une analyse des passages suivants : Homère, Iliade 12, 145-151, 9, 513-515, 316-320, Hésiode, Trac. 356-382, Théognis 31-50, 79-148, 173-198, 365-380.
Note critiche al testo della Vita Pythagorae di Giamblico
Authors: Cataudella Quintino
Published: April 2013

Ces notes critiques portent sur les quatre passages 85, 10 sqq., 86, 10 sq., 180, 1 sqq.. 180, 7 sqq. (qui ont été repris dans les Vorsokratiker), ainsi que sur le fr. 8 Vorsokr. (Stob. FI. IV, 37, 4).
Sous le signe du gattilier en fleurs
Authors: Daumas François
Published: April 2013

La mise en scène des dialogues platoniciens n'est jamais purement pittoresque. La dernière page du Banquet laisse percevoir, sans aucun doute, le symbolisme des éléments qui la composent : la Philosophie seule est capable, au-delà de la Comédie et de la Tragédie, d'amener l'âme à la lumière de la connaissance. De même, ce n'est pas en vain que, dans le Phèdre, Platon a placé ses héros sous un gattilier en fleurs pour lire un discours sur l'amour. Le gattilier était connu pour ses vertus sédatives et nous savons que, lors des Thesmophories, les Athéniennes, qui devaient observer durant les fêtes une rigoureuse chasteté, dormaient sur ses rameaux. Or l'analyse des textes du Phèdre, puis des Lois, montre que, pour Platon, l'amour vrai s'obtient seulement par la victoire du nous sur les désirs brutaux de l'âme. L'« ami » ne saurait s'abaisser à devenir un « amant » et doit arriver à découvrir dans l'objet aimé, au-delà de lui-même, le reflet qu'il porte de la Beauté éternelle. En d'autres termes, l'amour vrai est inséparable de la pureté à laquelle nous avait préparés l'image du gattilier.
La question hippocratique et le témoignage du Phèdre
Authors: Joly Robert
Published: April 2013

L'auteur fait d'abord l'historique de la question, mettant à jour l'aperçu de Mgr Diès. Il propose ensuite sa solution. Platon prête à Hippocrate une doctrine philosophique du Tout, fort différente de la théorie des facteurs ambiants professée par l'École de Cos. Pourtant certains indices montrent que c'est bien la littérature de cette Ecole que Platon avait en vue ; mais il la lit en fonction de ses propres préoccupations et il en majore inconsciemment les théories.
À propos du Banquet de Xénophon
Authors: Flacelière Robert
Published: April 2013

Le Banquet de Xénophon est, comme celui de Platon, un dialogue Sur l'amour, et son auteur a eu visiblement pour intention de retoucher la figure de Socrate, telle qu'elle apparaissait dans l'ouvrage de Platon. Les § 32-34 du chap. VIII sont des allusions certaines au Banquet platonicien, 178 e et 182 b. Xénophon a voulu rappeler que Socrate condamnait la pédérastie charnelle d'une façon beaucoup plus rigoureuse et absolue qu'on ne pourrait le croire d'après l'œuvre de Platon. Quand nous parlons d'amour « platonique », il serait peut-être plus exact historiquement de dire : « socratique ». L'égalité des sexes, proclamée par Socrate dans le Banquet de Xénophon, II, 9, est, en Grèce, un paradoxe, qui a dû être inspiré par Aspasie ; la question féminine était à l'ordre du jour, comme on le voit par Euripide et Aristophane. Cette leçon de l'égalité des sexes n'a été acceptée qu'avec nuances et réserves par Platon et par Aristote, tandis que d'autres disciples de Socrate, tels Eschine et Antisthène, en ont fait un des principes importants de leur éthique.
Nouvel arrangement d'une liste des prytanes de la tribu Pandionis
Authors: Charitonidès S. J.
Published: April 2013

L'éditeur de cette liste dans la R.E.G. de 1960 (pp. 88-99), n'y comptant que 46 noms, a supposé que ceux de 4 prytanes avaient disparu parce qu'ils étaient seulement peints et non gravés. Mieux vaut admettre que 3 noms gravés ont disparu avec la seconde des deux lignes manquant en haut du bloc ; le quatrième nom doit avoir occupé la ligne où le premier éditeur restituait la mention des [Παιανιες ὑπένερθε]ν. Pour plusieurs dèmes, le nombre des conseillers les représentant ici peut être mis en correspondance plus exacte avec les données d'autres listes.
Constructions grecques de mots à fonction double (ἀπὸ κοινοῦ)
Authors: Des Places Édouard
Published: April 2013

La loi de l'apo koinou, constante de la stylistique grecque, éclaire nombre de passages difficilement explicables sans elle ; elle s'applique aux pronoms, aux substantifs, aux adjectifs, aux adverbes, aux verbes, enfin aux groupes de mots et incises. Les exemples ici réunis vont d'Homère à la fin de la période classique ; beaucoup sont empruntés à Platon.
Sur la parodos des Bacchantes
Authors: Roux Jeanne
Published: April 2013

Vers 65 : θοάζω doit être construit intransitivement : « je bondis ». — Vers 70 : μελάθροις désigne le palais de Penthée .Construire : τίς μελάθροις ; « Qui dans le palais ? ». — Vers 147 : ἐκ νάρθηκος est complément de ἀίσσει et indique l'instrument : « de son thyrse, il donne le branle... ».
Le Banquet de Xénophane
Authors: Defradas Jean
Published: April 2013

Une étude minutieuse du fragment 1 de Xénophane conduit à penser qu'il n'y peut être question d'un banquet banal. Au thème de la pureté rituelle qui revient avec insistance dans la première partie, répond, dans la seconde, une insistance égale sur le thème de la moralité et de la piété. Xénophane évoque sans doute la réunion d'un thiase philosophique éléate. S'il emprunte au pythagorisme une certaine doctrine de pureté, il semble, sur d'autres points, s'opposer avec précision au maître de Crotone.
Euripide et la philosophie de la musique
Authors: Moutsopoulos Évanghélos
Published: April 2013

Dans la tradition tragique, la philosophie de la musique, en voie de formation chez Eschyle, s'organise avec Sophocle avant d'acquérir une forme presque définitive dans l'œuvre d'Euripide. Des deux aspects, apollinien et dionysiaque, rationnel et irrationnel, qui sont reconnus à la musique, le second est considéré comme de loin le plus important par Euripide, chez qui l'on rencontre les premières indications d'une conception psychagogique du principe musical. Cette conception, point de vue poétique de la codification damonienne, se précisera davantage encore chez Platon.
L'hermès d'Hiéron à Delphes et le nom de l'hermès en grec
Authors: Broc S.
Published: April 2013

Le mot κίων désigne souvent en grec une statue-pilier en forme d'hermès. Cf. Plutarque, De Pythiae oraculis, 397 Ε ; Moralia, 133 D ; Platon, Euthydème, 303 Β ; Lucien, Le Coq, 29.
Cosmos asômatos
Authors: Schuhl Pierre-Maxime
Published: April 2013

Commentaire de Philèbe, 64 b. Il y a dans un plan bien équilibré un dynamisme interne, une exigence de réalisation. Rapports avec les notions de mélange et d'âme. C'est la création spirituelle, intellectuelle, qui fait comprendre ce qu'est un principe d'organisation et de vie.