bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMULASI DAN UJI AKTIVITAS SEDIAAN CLAY MASK DARI EKSTRAK KULIT PEPAYA (CARICA PAPAYA LINN.) DENGAN KOMBINASI EKSTRAK KULIT LEMON (CITRUS LIMON BURM F.) SEBAGAI ANTI AGING
Authors: Patimah Kusnul , Hidayati Evi Nurul , Santoso Joko
Published: January 2025

Aging is a change in humans caused by age, psychological and social factors. based on a patient survey at rsud dr. soetomo surabaya in 2017, the group diagnosed with photoaging caused by sun exposure had a prevalence rate of 50.27%. papaya peel and lemon peel contain vitamin c and flavonoids that have properties as natural antioxidants. clay mask preparations are able to remove dirt on the face so that the skin becomes brighter and cleaner. the purpose of this research is to determine the activity and physical quality of the clay mask preparation formulation of papaya fruit peel extract (carica papaya linn.) and lemon peel extract (citrus limon burm f.) as anti-aging. the method in this study is an experimental method with a design in the form of a true experimental post test only control group design. the results of this study obtained the ic50 value of papaya peel extract with a dose of 2 grams of 51.88 ppm and lemon peel extract with a dose of 5 grams of 39.87 ppm, evaluation of clay mask preparations fi obtained brown preparations, homogeneous preparations, ph 5.44, drying time 15.25 minutes; fii obtained brown preparations, homogeneous preparations, ph 5.66, drying time 5.44 minutes; fiii obtained brown preparations, homogeneous preparations, ph 5.50, drying time 20.26 minutes. the conclusion of this study is that papaya peel extract and lemon peel extract have antioxidant activity as anti-aging, the physical quality of clay mask preparations of all formulations has met the standards and the most stable formula is fii. the most preferred formula by volunteers is fii and all formulations do not cause irritation.
EVALUASI INTERAKSI OBAT DALAM SATU LEMBAR RESEP DAN KELENGAPAN DAFTAR TILIK ALERGI OBAT PASIEN RAWAT JALAN RUMAH SAKIT X JAKARTA
Authors: Chusun Chusun , Poppy Indrianti , Harun Alam Nur
Published: January 2025

Clinical pharmacy services are direct services provided by pharmacists to patients in order to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize the risk of side effects because the aim of using drugs is for patient safety. One of the clinical pharmacy services provided is assessment and prescription services which must be in accordance with clinical requirements, including the absence of drug interactions and patient allergy records. Based on clinical significance, the severity of drug interactions is classified into three, namely Major, Moderate and Minor. This research uses descriptive methods with retrospective data. The population in this study was all outpatient prescription sheets served from 1 October to 31 December 2023. Sampling used simple random sampling and determining the sample size using the Slovin formula so that the sample used was 460 prescription sheets. Identify drug interactions in one prescription sheet using the Drug Interaction Checker application (Drugbank.com). Results The research showed that of the 460 prescriptions examined, 301 prescriptions had the potential for drug interactions (65.4%), and 320 prescriptions (69.6%) completed the drug allergy checklist. The highest level of drug interactions was at moderate severity, namely 102 prescriptions (33.9%), and minor at 88 prescriptions (29.2%), and the lowest at major severity was 15 prescriptions (5%). If we look at the drug items in one prescription sheet, it can be concluded that there are 506 incidents with the highest level of severity at moderate level, namely 254 incidents (50.2%), which should be avoided in combination or only used in special circumstances and with close monitoring of health workers. While there were 219 minor interactions (43.3%); and major 33 events (6.5%), where this drug combination should not have been given.
Entre fronteiras da infância em conflito com a lei: do tempo ao espaço da governança estatal
Authors: Souza Cristina Silveira Braga de , Volpato Elaine Cristina Francisco
Published: January 2025

O presente artigo realiza um resgate histórico da legislação brasileira, no que tange à criança e ao adolescente, desde o Brasil Colônia até a promulgação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), documento internacionalmente reconhecido por se tratar de uma lei avançada na garantia dos direitos das crianças e adolescentes. Aborda, ainda, o Sistema Nacional de Socioeducação (SINASE), política pública destinada à inclusão do adolescente em conflito com a lei, que traz a possibilidade de práticas de Justiça Restaurativa como uma novidade de ação no sistema, se comparado ao referido Estatuto, bem como elege-a como prioridade na execução das medidas socioeducativas. Sua metodologia documental repassou por textos e fotos, do modelo centralizado e do descentralizado, ilustrado pelo Centro de Socioeduca-ção (CENSE) de Foz do Iguaçu (PR), cujos dados são significativos para fazer dialogar com a percepção das formas arquitetônicas, agindo na afetividade humana, bem como as diferentes atmosferas sociais numa perspectiva interdisciplinar.
IgE as a predictor to omalizumab response in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria
Authors: Ensina Luis Felipe , Brandão Larissa , Arruda Luisa Karla , Sarquis Serpa Faradiba , Campos Régis Albuquerque , Valle Solange Rodrigues Oliveira , Criado Paulo Ricardo , Saini Sarbjit Singh , Criado Roberta Fachini Jardim
Published: January 2025

This multicenter study aimed to explore whether baseline total immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels could predict omalizumab response in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) patients. Refractory CSU patients, treated with omalizumab after failing second-generation H1-antihistamines, were analyzed retrospectively across seven centers in Brazil. The study assessed total IgE levels at baseline, comparing responders to non-responders and considering complete and partial responses. The results showed a significant reduction in CSU symptoms post-treatment. Non-responders had lower baseline IgE levels. A sensitivity of 67.8% and specificity of 93.3% for predicting a response were found at an IgE level of 59.5 IU/ml. Similar values were observed for complete responders. Notably, a baseline IgE level lower than 59.5 IU/ml may indicate late responders. The study underscores the potential of baseline IgE levels as a predictive biomarker for omalizumab response in CSU patients. Further research, incorporating diverse populations and analyzing response variables, is warranted to validate these findings.
Why can't we be friends? A narrative review of the challenges of making and keeping friends for children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Neprily Kirsten M. , Climie Emma A. , McCrimmon Adam , Makarenko Erica
Published: January 2025

This narrative review explores the friendship characteristics of children and adolescents with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Previous literature on ADHD has focused on attentional, academic, and behavioral challenges. Social impairment and peer relationships in children and adolescents with ADHD have been recognized as a critical area of research. Adolescents with ADHD frequently experience clinically significant and impairing social and friendship difficulties. Despite the immense research on factors that contribute to why children and adolescents with ADHD have difficulty making and keeping friends and why friendship is especially important for youth with ADHD, to date, it has not been synthesized in a way that is comprehensive to our understanding. In this review, friendship, friendship formation, the benefits of friendship, and the features of friendship (i.e., friendship quality and stability) will be discussed. Second, the magnitude of friendship challenges faced by children and adolescents with ADHD, as well as the impact these peer difficulties have on friendship quality and stability, will be presented. Next, the dominant conceptualization of why children and adolescents with ADHD struggle to make and keep friends, which focuses on factors such as ADHD symptomatology, executive functioning, social cognition, and emotion regulation, is reported. This review will conclude with suggestions for future research and interventions that may be beneficial for ameliorating friendship difficulties among children and adolescents with ADHD.
Towards quantifying exfiltration from in situ sanitary sewer pipes
Authors: Griffith John F. , Steele Joshua A. , Gonzalez-Fernández Adriana , Schiff Kenneth C.
Published: January 2025

Exfiltration from sanitary sewers has been researched for many years because of its potential impact on shallow groundwater or surface water, but measurements of exfiltration in situ are rare. Most previous measurements of sanitary sewer exfiltration have been done in the laboratory, in the field using natural, chemical or pharmaceutical tracers or modeled. Relatively few studies have employed physical measurements of volume loss in field settings. Here, we design, test, and apply at a watershed scale, a new methodology for measuring volume loss from sanitary sewer pipes that are currently in use and under typical operating conditions (i.e., not pressurized). The measurement system works by: (1) isolating a section of sanitary sewer between maintenance holes using a sewer bypass or equivalent, (2) introducing roughly 4,200 L of water at a controlled rate into the upstream inspection hole so that pipes remain one-third to one-half full, (3) using vacuum pumps to recover the introduced water at the downstream inspection hole, then (4) measuring differences in the volume from what was pumped into the inspection hole to what was recovered. This process is repeated up to six times to achieve a sensitivity of 0.95 L per experimental pipe segment. This technique was applied to 23 pipe segments of various ages and materials of construction that were selected to be a representative sample of the pipes throughout San Diego. Collectively, these pipes averaged averaged 3.78 × 10−2 L/s-km exfiltration rates (95%CI: 4.96 × 10−2, 2.60 × 10−2). Two of the pipe segments were infiltrating groundwater. Six pipe segments were not statistically different from zero (i.e., no exfiltration). There was no statistical difference between pipe segments of differing ages (p = 0.5) or materials of construction (p = 0.3). This study represents an initial effort at measuring exfiltration from in situ sanitary pipes. Future applications of this methodology should focus on method optimization, measurements at additional locations, and expanding measurements to collect data from additional types of pipe to better understand the geographic portability of the method and the relationship between exfiltration rates, pipe material, and pipe age.
Identification and validation of glycolysis-related diagnostic signatures in diabetic nephropathy: a study based on integrative machine learning and single-cell sequence
Authors: Wu Xiaoyin , Guo Buyu , Chang Xingyu , Yang Yuxuan , Liu Qianqian , Liu Jiahui , Yang Yichen , Zhang Kang , Ma Yumei , Fu Songbo
Published: January 2025

Background

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complication of systemic microvascular disease in diabetes mellitus. Abnormal glycolysis has emerged as a potential factor for chronic renal dysfunction in DN. The current lack of reliable predictive biomarkers hinders early diagnosis and personalized therapy.

Methods

Transcriptomic profiles of DN samples and controls were extracted from GEO databases. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their functional enrichments were identified. Glycolysis-related genes (GRGs) were selected by combining DEGs, weighted gene co-expression network, and glycolysis candidate genes. We established a diagnostic signature termed GScore via integrative machine learning framework. The diagnostic efficacy was evaluated by decision curve and calibration curve. Single-cell RNA sequence data was used to identify cell subtypes and interactive signals. The cMAP database was used to find potential therapeutic agents targeting GScore for DN. The expression levels of diagnostic signatures were verified in vitro.

Results

Through the 108 combinations of machine learning algorithms, we selected 12 diagnostic signatures, including CD163, CYBB, ELF3, FCN1, PROM1, GPR65, LCN2, LTF, S100A4, SOX4, TGFB1 and TNFAIP8. Based on them, an integrative model named GScore was established for predicting DN onset and stratifying clinical risk. We observed distinct biological characteristics and immunological microenvironment states between the high-risk and low-risk groups. GScore was significantly associated with neutrophils and non-classical monocytes. Potential agents including esmolol, estradiol, ganciclovir, and felbamate, targeting the 12 diagnostic signatures were identified. In vitro, ELF3, LCN2 and CD163 were induced in high glucose-induced HK-2 cell lines.

Conclusion

An integrative machine learning frame established a novel diagnostic signature using glycolysis-related genes. This study provides a new direction for the early diagnosis and treatment of DN.
Erythropoietin supplementation induces dysbiosis of the gut microbiota and impacts mucosal immunity in a non-diseased mouse model
Authors: Sarrabayrouse Guillaume , Joulain Corentin , Bessoles Stéphanie , Chiron Andrada S. , Abina Amine M. , Hacein-Bey-Abina Salima
Published: January 2025

A number of drug treatments are known to alter the dialogue between the gut microbiota and the immune system components in the digestive mucosa. Alterations in intestinal homeostasis are now well known to affect peripheral immune responses and favor the occurrence of a number of pathologies such as allergies and cancers. Erythropoietin’s known pleiotropic effects might explain the adverse events sometimes observed in anemic patients treated by erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA). However, the impact of this therapeutic cytokine on the homeostasis of the intestinal tract has not previously been investigated in detail. By studying a mouse model of erythropoietin (EPO) supplementation for 28 days, we observed EPO-induced dysbiosis of the fecal microbiota characterized by a greater bacterial load, lower bacterial diversity and taxonomic changes. With regard to the mucosal immune system, an analysis of leukocyte populations in the small intestine and colon treatment revealed low proportions of ileal CD4 lymphocyte subpopulations (Treg, Tr17 and Th17 cells), IgA-secreting plasma cells, and a major macrophage subpopulation, involved in the control of lymphocyte responses. Our results provide for the first time a descriptive analysis of intestinal EPO’s regulatory properties and raise questions about the involvement of EPO-induced alterations in the microbiota and the gut immune effectors in the control of intestinal and peripheral immune responses.
Immunotherapy of osteosarcoma based on immune microenvironment modulation
Authors: Lian Heping , Zhang Jiakui , Hou Shuna , Ma Shuang , Yu Jiachen , Zhao Wei , Zhao Duoyi , Zhang Zhiyu
Published: January 2025

Osteosarcoma is a highly malignant tumor with unsatisfactory therapeutic outcomes achieved by chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and surgery. As an emerging oncological treatment, immunotherapy has shown potential in the clinical management of many tumors but has a poor response rate in osteosarcoma. The immunosuppressive microenvironment in osteosarcoma is the main reason for the ineffectiveness of immunotherapy, in which the low immune response rate of immune effector cells and the high activation of immunosuppressive cells contribute to this outcome. Therefore, modulating the function of the immune microenvironment in osteosarcoma is expected to remodel the immunosuppressive microenvironment of osteosarcoma and enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy. This article reviews the role of immune cells in the progression of osteosarcoma, describes the corresponding regulatory tools for the characteristics of different cells to enhance the efficacy of osteosarcoma immunotherapy, and concludes the prospects and future challenges of osteosarcoma immunotherapy.
Herbal HuoXueTongFu Formula with anti-inflammatory and fibrinolytic activity regulation for the prevention of postoperative peritoneal adhesions
Authors: Yang Lili , Wang Yali , Li Zhengjun , Li Wen , Chen Yanqi , Kong Ziyang , Zhang Huixiang , Wu Jiafei , Shang Mingqi , Li Ming , Bian Yaoyao , Zeng Li
Published: January 2025

Background

The HuoXueTongFu Formula (HXTF) originates from the classic prescription “DaHuangMuDan Decoction” from the “Synopsis of the golden chamber”. Our previous study revealed that HXTF has a positive effect on postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA). However, the specific mechanism of HXTF on PPA formation within the time-to-treatment window has not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to determine the critical roles of HXTF as a result of its specific anti-inflammatory and antifibrinolytic activities for PPA treatment.

Methods

The eight main bioactive components of HXTF were subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The core targets, critical biological processes, and underlying pathways of HXTF and PPA were identified via a series of network pharmacological methods. The specific anti-inflammatory function in the initial step of PPA formation was validated in peritoneal macrophages (PMs) isolated from PPA mice on Day 3 postsurgery. The potential anti-fibrinolytic activity in the next stage of PPA formation was subsequently explored in PPA mice on Day 7 postsurgery.

Results

Network pharmacology revealed 160 common targets between HXTF and PPA. Several core targets, i.e., matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), were annotated as important biological processes (extracellular matrix disassembly and the collagen catabolic process). Validation experiments revealed that HXTF could induce macrophage polarization-mediated anti-inflammatory reactions by increasing the phagocytic capacity of PMs and promoting the release of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). In addition, HXTF promoted fibrinogenolysis and improved fibrinolytic activity, thereby inhibiting collagen deposition and reducing adhesion development.

Conclusion

The ameliorative effects of herbal HXTF on PPA formation are attributable to the induction of macrophage polarization-mediated anti-inflammatory reactions in the early stage of PPA formation and the promotion of fibrinogenolysis and fibrinolytic activity in the middle stage of PPA formation. HXTF may be a promising alternative agent for the prevention and treatment of PPA.
Blending physics with data using an efficient Gaussian process regression with soft inequality and monotonicity constraints
Authors: Kochan Didem , Yang Xiu
Published: January 2025

In this work, we propose a new Gaussian process (GP) regression framework that enforces the physical constraints in a probabilistic manner. Specifically, we focus on inequality and monotonicity constraints. This GP model is trained by the quantum-inspired Hamiltonian Monte Carlo (QHMC) algorithm, which is an efficient way to sample from a broad class of distributions by allowing a particle to have a random mass matrix with a probability distribution. Integrating the QHMC into the inequality and monotonicity constrained GP regression in the probabilistic sense, our approach enhances the accuracy and reduces the variance in the resulting GP model. Additionally, the probabilistic aspect of the method leads to reduced computational expenses and execution time. Further, we present an adaptive learning algorithm that guides the selection of constraint locations. The accuracy and efficiency of the method are demonstrated in estimating the hyperparameter of high-dimensional GP models under noisy conditions, reconstructing the sparsely observed state of a steady state heat transport problem, and learning a conservative tracer distribution from sparse tracer concentration measurements.
Optimization of WEDM process parameters for machining hybrid composites (LM6/B4C/Fly Ash)
Authors: Udaya Prakash Jayavelu , Sarala Rubi Charles , Jebarose Juliyana Sunder , Salunkhe Sachin , Özerkan H. B. , Cepova Lenka
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Wire-electric discharge machining (WEDM) possesses multiple benefits over traditional production approaches; it allows for the precise processing of complex and rigid particulate-reinforced composite materials. Aluminium alloys have found widespread applications in surgical components, shipbuilding, aircraft, automobiles, and inhaling gas cylinders for scuba diving, due to its good strength, and light weight properties.

Methods

The main aim of this investigation is to optimize different process variables for LM6/B4C/Fly ash particle reinforced hybrid composites using WEDM to attain performance metrics such as maximum material removal rate (MRR) and minimal surface roughness (SR). Taguchi’s L27 orthogonal array (OA) matrix and Grey Relational Analysis (GRA) were used.

Results and Discussion

According to ANOVA, the two variables with the most significant impact on MRR and SR are gap voltage and reinforcement percentage, with respective impacts of 29.59% and 20.69%. When the composite is machined, the following process variables work best: GV of 30 V, Ton of 10 µs, Toff of 2 µs, WF of 4 m/min, and R of 6%. A low gap voltage causes the erosion to rise and the MRR to increase. However, SR will also increase which is undesirable, so optimum gap voltage values are required for WEDM.
Erythema nodosum as the initial presentation of leprosy in a 15-year-old boy: a case report on Ethiopia’s persistent elimination challenges
Authors: Tukeni Kedir Negesso , Aga Tadele Molla , Abadiko Elias Ababulgu , Mamo Idosa Taso , Woyimo Tamirat Godebo , Biru Eyob Tarekegn , Abafogi Abdo Kedir , Gudina Esayas Kebede
Published: January 2025

Leprosy remains a significant public health concern in Ethiopia, with challenges in timely diagnosis and management contributing to disabilities. This case report details a 15-year-old boy who presented with diffuse nodular and bullous skin lesions, peripheral neuropathy, and systemic symptoms, ultimately diagnosed with multibacillary leprosy confirmed by a positive skin smear for acid-fast bacilli. A 15-year-old immunocompetent boy presented to the emergency department with a 2-week history of diffuse, non-pruritic skin lesions, joint swelling, numbness, and tingling sensation. The patient was febrile on arrival. Physical examination revealed an erythematous nodular skin lesion over the face and hand bilaterally and a non-blanching bullous lesion over the right leg. The left hand was swollen and tender to touch, with a superficial collection, suggestive of an abscess. There was also a hypopigmented skin lesion over the medial aspect of the left leg and thigh bilaterally with loss of sensation. There were bilateral ulnar and radial nerve enlargement, saddle nose, and tenderness at the olecranon area. The skin smear was positive for acid-fast bacilli. The patient was initially treated with corticosteroids and antibiotics, followed by referral for multidrug therapy, and was advised for further follow-up for treatment response. The case describes the critical role of early recognition and multidisciplinary management in leprosy, particularly in endemic areas. The complexity of the presentation demonstrates the need for ongoing vigilance among healthcare providers. Public health initiatives aimed at improving diagnostic capabilities and expanding leprosy services are vital for reducing the disease burden in countries such as Ethiopia.
Linear IgA bullous dermatosis secondary to drugs: a real-world pharmacovigilance study of the FDA adverse event reporting system
Authors: Yang Yixuan , Xie Hanzhang , Liu Shuhan , Jia Ying , Cui Bingnan , Xiao Zhanshuo
Published: January 2025

Background

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis (LABD) is a rare autoimmune blistering disease. The induction of LABD by medications is a critical issue, with previous studies highlighting the link between specific drugs and the onset of LABD. This study aims to assess the reported associations between LABD and numerous available medications using the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Methods

The study encompassed FAERS reports spanning the years 2004–2024. Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) was used to identify cases of LABD. The Reporting Odds Ratio, Proportional Reporting Ratio, Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network, and Empirical Bayes Geometric Mean were calculated to assess the reported associations between available drugs and LABD. A significant statistical association was considered when a drug signal met the criteria of all four algorithms.

Results

In the FAERS database analysis, we identified 1,394 adverse event (AE) reports associated with LABD. The gender distribution of reports was relatively balanced, with the highest proportion in the 66–85 age group. The United States had the highest number of reports. Vancomycin and Amoxicillin were the most frequently reported drugs, with 559 and 58 reports, respectively. Through disproportionality analysis, we identified 34 drugs significantly associated with AEs of LABD, including antibiotics, antifungal medications, analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cardiovascular medications, and calcium channel blockers, among which the antibiotic Vancomycin showed the highest association. These results emphasize the need for further clinical attention to the safety of specific medications.

Conclusion

This is the first real-world study using the FAERS database to investigate drug-induced LABD. LABD is closely associated with antibiotic medications. Close monitoring of patients is required when these medications are used clinically to promptly detect and manage potential AEs such as LABD.
Diagnostic potential of urinary CX3CL1 for amnestic mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Xu Yali , Zhang Jie , Shen Ying-Ying , Li Wei-Wei , Li Bin , Cheng Hai-Ping , Zeng Gui-Hua
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The role of the chemokine CX3CL1 in the processes of aging and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis is well-established. This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic potential of urinary CX3CL1 levels in distinguishing between AD patients, those experiencing amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), and cognitively normal (CN) individuals.

Methods

A cohort comprising 516 CN individuals across various age groups, 102 AD patients, and 65 subjects with aMCI was assembled, alongside 93 age- and sex-matched CN controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was utilized to quantify urinary CX3CL1 levels.

Results

Urinary CX3CL1 concentrations exhibited an age-dependent increase and demonstrated a positive correlation with age. Comparatively, AD patients exhibited significantly elevated urinary CX3CL1 levels when contrasted with both the CN controls and the aMCI cohort. Conversely, aMCI patients displayed urinary CX3CL1 levels that were notably reduced in comparison to both the AD and CN groups.

Conclusion

Urinary CX3CL1 levels correlate with the aging process and may serve as a potential diagnostic biomarker for both amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD).
A concise practical clinical guide to identifying spasticity in neurological shoulder dysfunction
Authors: Hoad Damon , Ashford Stephen , Bavikatte Ganesh , Farrell Rachel , Robertson Adrian , Wissel Jörg
Published: January 2025

Background

Spasticity is a known complication to the hemiplegic shoulder following acquired brain injury. However, there is a current discrepancy between the diagnosis of arm spasticity and the subsequent assessment and treatment of spasticity in people with shoulder involvement.

Objective

An expert panel aimed to establish a consensus and provide a simple structured approach to identifying and assessing people with spasticity of the hemiplegic shoulder.

Methods

A consensus group of six spasticity experts were interviewed individually via 1-h video calls to ascertain how they assess people with arm spasticity for shoulder involvement. During an in-person meeting in March 2023, a consensus-building process was used to discuss four topics: a checklist/tool to identify shoulder involvement in upper limb spasticity, measurements/scales for assessing shoulder spasticity, ‘red flags’ for other conditions affecting the shoulder, and assessment limitations and practicalities.

Results

Where there was full agreement on a topic, recommendations to overcome challenges for initial and ongoing assessment of shoulder spasticity and goal-setting were developed, and categorized as Posture, Purposeful activity and Pain (‘the three Ps’). Posture should be observed when sitting and walking, as appropriate for the person, and compared to published shoulder spasticity patterns. Purposeful activity should be assessed using a systematic approach. The presence and nature of shoulder pain should be ascertained. Recommendations on impairment- and function-related measures are given.

Conclusion

This consensus guidance provides practical recommendations on identifying shoulder spasticity to support clinicians in their management of people with neurological shoulder dysfunction.
Chronic fatigue and headache in post-COVID-19 syndrome: a radiological and clinical evaluation
Authors: Almeida Gonçalo G. , Alkan Saide , Hoepner Robert , Euler André , Diem Lara , Wagner Franca
Published: January 2025

Introduction

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused millions of infections and deaths globally. Post-COVID-19 syndrome, or long COVID is characterized by lingering symptoms such as chronic fatigue, headaches, and sleep disturbances. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between these symptoms and T2-hyperintense white matter lesions detected on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and spine in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Methods

This retrospective, single-center study analyzed a sample of 96 patients from Bern University Hospital in Switzerland who presented with suspected post-COVID-19 syndrome between 2020 and 2022. Patients completed self-report questionnaires evaluating fatigue, emotional wellbeing, and daytime sleepiness. Brain and spine MRIs were independently rated by 2 neuroradiologists for T2-hyperintense lesions. The correlation between these lesions and symptoms of fatigue and headache was assessed.

Results

The cohort consisted predominantly of women (73%) with an average age of 46 years. Chronic fatigue (90%), sleep disorders (51%), and headache (57%) were the most prevalent symptoms. The fatigue questionnaires indicated high levels of fatigue. Brain MRI revealed T2-hyperintense lesions in 72% of patients, whereas spine MRI showed these lesions in only 16%. There was no statistically significant correlation between the presence of cerebral T2-hyperintense lesions and symptoms of fatigue (p = 0.815) or headaches (p = 0.178). Similarly, no significant correlation was found when considering numbers of pathological brain lesions (fatigue: p = 0.557; headaches: p = 0.820).

Conclusion

While T2-hyperintense lesions are common in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome, their presence does not correlate significantly with symptoms of fatigue or headaches. These findings suggest that T2-hyperintense brain lesions may not be directly related to the subjective experience of these symptoms. Further research with larger sample sizes and adjustment for potential confounding factors is necessary to better understand the relationship between MRI findings and post-COVID-19 syndrome symptoms.
Temporary spinal cord stimulation combined with lidocaine patch for postherpetic neuralgia in the elderly: a controlled study
Authors: Li Yun , Hao Chunhui , Wang Shengtao , Qiu Feng , Zhao Xuli , Sun Tao
Published: January 2025

Background

Postherpetic neuralgia (PHN) is a chronic neuropathic pain condition in elderly patients following herpes zoster infection. Conventional treatments often have inconsistent efficacy and significant side effects. Combining spinal cord stimulation (SCS) with lidocaine patches may enhance pain relief by targeting central and peripheral pain mechanisms.

Methods

This randomized, controlled, single-blind trial enrolled 97 patients aged ≥60 years with PHN lasting ≥6 months. Participants were assigned to SCS with a 5% lidocaine patch (n = 49) or SCS with a placebo patch (n = 48). Both groups received oral pregabalin. The placebo patch was identical in appearance to ensure blinding. Pain intensity (VAS) and sleep quality (PSQI) were assessed at baseline and on days 1, 3, 7, 30, and 90 post-interventions. Subgroup analyses by age and PHN duration were conducted.

Results

At day 90, the experimental group had greater reductions in VAS scores (1.6 ± 1.1) than the control group (2.7 ± 1.3, p < 0.01). Clinically significant pain relief (≥50% VAS reduction) was achieved by 72.3% in the experimental group versus 45.8% in the control group (p = 0.038). PSQI scores improved more in the experimental group (5.3 ± 2.1) than in the control group (8.2 ± 2.7, p = 0.021). Patients with PHN duration <60 days benefited more from combination therapy. Adverse events were minimal and similar between groups.

Conclusion

Combining SCS with lidocaine patches significantly enhances pain relief and sleep quality in elderly PHN patients compared to SCS alone. Further multicenter studies are recommended to validate these findings and assess long-term outcomes.

Clinical trial registration

https://www.chictr.org.cn/searchprojEN.html, ChiCTR2000039059.
αAsarone alleviates neuronal injury by facilitating autophagy via miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway in ischemia stroke
Authors: Yan Yonghuan , Wu Linfang , Wang Lu , Wang Dandan , Huang Mengting , Peng Jinyong , Huang Yingying
Published: January 2025

Introduction

αAsarone, an essential oil derived from Acorus gramineus Aiton, which has been successfully used to treat epilepsy in traditional chinese medicine, and has also been reported to confer neuroprotective effects on stroke. However, its mechanism of action remains poorly understood.

Methods

The effects of αAsarone on autophagy were examined by WB, RT-qPCR, immunofluorescence colocalization, transmission electron microscope, and autophagic flux activity was measured by infecting HT22 cells with mRFP-GFP-LC3 adenovirus. And then, cells were transfected with both mimic-miR-499-5p and inhibit-miR-499-5p to investigate the role of miR-499-5p in regulating the effects of αAsarone on stroke. To further clarify the protective effect of αAsarone in vivo, TTC staining, neurological function score, H&E staining, Nissl staining, Laser speckle contrast imaging, transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence colocalization, WB and RT-qPCR were performed in the MCAO mice.

Results

αAsarone was observed to inhibit the apoptosis of neuronal cells, and enhance autophagy. In addition, αAsarone promoted the expression of miR-499-5p. Targeting miR-499-5p can negatively regulate PDCD4 expression and the results from the dual-luciferase reporter assay demonstrate the direct targeting of PDCD4 by miR-499-5p. Promoting miR-499-5p can decrease the expression of PDCD4, increase ATG5, and enhance the protective effect of αAsarone on OGD/R injury while inhibiting miR-499-5p can weaken the effect of αAsarone. In vivo experiments further confirmed that αAsarone improved mice MCAO as evidenced by the amelioration of the neurological deficits and facilitated neuronal autophagy. Furthermore, we found that αAsarone reversed the effect of chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, and enhanced neuronal autophagy via miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway.

Discussion

Our data suggest that αAsarone alleviates neuronal injury of stroke by facilitating neuronal autophagy through the miR-499-5p/PDCD4/ATG5 signaling pathway.
Mechanistic insights into Rho/MRTF inhibition-induced apoptotic events and prevention of drug resistance in melanoma: implications for the involvement of pirin
Authors: Foda Bardees M. , Baker Annika E. , Joachimiak Łukasz , Mazur Marzena , Neubig Richard R.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Overcoming therapy resistance is critical for effective melanoma control. Upregulation of Rho/MRTF signaling in human and mouse melanomas causes resistance to targeted therapies. Inhibition of this pathway by MRTFi, CCG-257081 resensitized resistant melanomas to BRAF and MEK inhibitors. It also prevented the development of resistance to vemurafenib (Vem). Here, we investigate the role of apoptosis and the protein pirin in CCG-257081-mediated suppression of drug resistance.

Methods

Using naïve and resistant mouse YUMMER melanoma cells, we studied the effect of the BRAF inhibitor Vem with or without CCG-257081 on real-time growth and apoptosis (activation of caspase, Propidium iodide (PI) staining, and PARP cleavage). The effects of CCG-257081 on proliferation (Ki67) and caspase-3 activation were assessed in resistant YUMMER_R tumors in vivo. Finally, two CCG-257081 enantiomers were tested for pirin binding, inhibition of the Rho/MRTF-mediated activation of ACTA2 gene expression in fibroblasts, and the prevention of Vem resistance development by YUMMER_P cells.

Results

Vem reduced growth of parental but not resistant cells, while CCG-257081 inhibited both. The combination was more effective than Vem alone. CCG-257081, but not Vem, induced activation of caspase-3 and -7 in resistant cells and increased PARP cleavage and PI staining. CCG-257081 reduced proliferation and activated caspase-3 in YUMMER_R melanoma tumors. Both CCG-257081 enantiomers robustly suppressed development of Vem-resistant colonies with the S isomer being more potent (1 μM IC50).

Conclusion

CCG-257081 appears to target pre-resistant cells and Vem-induced resistant cells through enhanced apoptosis. Inhibition of pirin or the Rho/MRTF pathway can be employed to prevent melanoma resistance.
Comparison of a ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray with traditional intranasal dexmedetomidine drops for sedation in preschool children: a prospective, randomized, controlled study
Authors: Jin Qi-Qi , Cai Wei-Cha , Zhou Ying-Feng , Zhang Yan-Tong , Chen Gang , Xu Meng-Ting , Li Jun , Yuan Kai-Ming
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study compared the efficacy and acceptability of a ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray (DS) versus traditional drops administered by syringe (DD) in pediatric patients undergoing elective surgery.

Patients and Methods

Eighty-six preschool children were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, controlled study. Children were randomly assigned to receive either DS or DD. For children weighing between 10.5 and 18.5 kg, a dexmedetomidine dosage of 30 μg (two sprays) was administered, while those weighing between 18.5 and 25.5 kg received 45 μg (three sprays). In the DD group, dexmedetomidine was administered at a dose of 2 μg/kg based on body weight. The primary outcome was the proportion of children achieving a Ramsay sedation scale (RSS) score of ≥3 within 30 min. Secondary outcomes included acceptance of intranasal medication, anxiety at parental separation and prior to induction, and compliance with induction.

Results

A total of 83 cases were analyzed. The proportion of children achieving an RSS score of ≥3 within 30 min was similar between the DS and DD groups (90.7% vs. 77.5%, respectively). However, the acceptance score was significantly better in the DS group (mean difference [95%]: −0.9 [−1.267 to −0.5325], P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between the groups in terms of successful child-parent separation (88.4% vs. 85%) or satisfactory anxiolytic effect prior to induction (95.3% vs. 92.5%). Compliance with induction was comparable, with 53.5% in the DS group and 40.0% in the DD group demonstrating “optimal” compliance.

Conclusion

Both intranasal spray and syringe drop methods were highly effective in providing sedation and anxiolysis, but the ready-to-use intranasal dexmedetomidine spray was more acceptable to children, offering a viable alternative to the syringe method.

Clinical Trial Registration

ChiCTR.org.cn, identifier ChiCTR2400089374.
Global bibliometric analysis of traditional Chinese medicine regulating gut microbiota in the treatment of diabetes from 2004 to 2024
Authors: Liang Jieling , Lin Xiaojuan , Liao Xin , Chen Xi , Zhou Ying , Zhang Lin , Qin Yunyun , Meng Haoru , Feng Zhongwen
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The therapeutic efficacy of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) in modulating gut microbiota for diabetes treatment has garnered increasing scholarly attention. This study aims to meticulously examine current research trajectories and focal areas from 2004 to 2024, providing a foundational framework for future inquiries.

Methods

A comprehensive search of documents published between 2004 and 2024 was conducted using the Web of Science database. The resulting data were analyzed and visualized using R software, VOSviewer, and CiteSpace.

Results

The study included a total of 751 documents. From 2004 to 2022, the number of annual publications showed a continuous upward trend (2004: n = 1 to 2022: n = 159), and the number of publications in 2023 (n = 141) decreased slightly from the previous year. China emerged as the leading country in terms of article publications (n = 430). Additionally, the United States played a prominent role in international research collaborations. Frontiers in Pharmacology (n = 31) was the most frequently published journal, while Nature (n = 1,147) achieved the highest citation count. Key identified keywords included obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and oxidative stress.

Conclusion

Three key research focuses in this domain include: the therapeutic effects of active constituents in TCM on diabetes via gut microbiota modulation, the underlying mechanisms through which TCM influences gut microbiota in diabetes management, and the targeted regulation of specific gut bacterial populations by TCM in the treatment of diabetes.
Investigating the effects of previous injury on subsequent training loads, physical fitness, and injuries in youth female basketball players
Authors: Huang Yuanqi , Wang Shaonan , Li Changfei , Wang Yukun , Bai Zhanshuang , Lv Binghao , Gui Yuheng , Wei Zhongjian
Published: January 2025

Background

Previous studies have shown that athletes accustomed to higher chronic workloads are less susceptible to injury than those exposed to lower chronic workloads. However, few studies have evaluated whether previous injury influences them. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of previous injuries on subsequent training loads, physical fitness, and injury rates in female youth basketball players.

Methods

Training load, physical fitness, and injuries of 18 young female basketball players (age 16.8 ± 1.4 years) were monitored. Previous injury status was clustered using the K-means clustering algorithm to separate players into high-risk and low-risk groups. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the effects of previous injury status on subsequent training load and physical fitness. Meanwhile, the differences between the players’ injury groups were analyzed.

Results

Previous injury status can significantly impact a player’s subsequent training loads, including acute loads, chronic loads, skill-based training loads, training monotony, and training strain (all p < 0.05). The two groups had no significant differences in physical fitness (all p > 0.05). Furthermore, the incidence of non-contact injuries was significantly higher in the high-risk group than low-risk group, which would result in more training time lost (all p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study identified the impact of previous injury status on subsequent training load, physical fitness, and injuries in youth female basketball players. These findings provide valuable insight for coaches to optimize training loads according to previous injury status, aiming to minimize the likelihood of subsequent injuries.
Meta-analysis of fMRI studies related to mathematical creativity
Authors: Li Qingqing , Kim Sungyeun
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of fMRI data to explore the neural correlates of mathematical creativity, a vital competence in mathematics education. Utilizing Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) and Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modeling (MACM) techniques, we analyzed studies published up to 2022 to identify brain regions activated during mathematical and creative tasks. The findings reveal significant activation in the left inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and the left superior frontal gyrus (SFG) during both mathematical and creative tasks, emphasizing their roles in idea generation, working memory, and executive control. The MACM analysis further highlights the importance of the frontoparietal network, a key player in cognitive control, for mathematical creativity. This network’s involvement in attention, working memory, and goal orientation aligns with the demands of mathematical problem-solving. Our results offer valuable insights into the neural mechanisms underlying mathematical creativity, providing a foundation for developing targeted educational strategies to enhance this crucial competence in learners.
Relationship between academic procrastination and internet addiction in Peruvian university students: the mediating role of academic self-efficacy
Authors: Chavez-Yacolca Dana Rocio , Castro-Champión Ruth Beatriz , Cisneros-Gonzales Nely Marlene , Cunza-Aranzábal Denis Frank , Morales-García Mardel , Abanto-Ramírez Carlos D.
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This study evaluated the mediating role of academic self-efficacy in the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination among Peruvian university students.

Method

A cross-sectional explanatory design was employed with a convenience sample of 334 participants. Instruments used included the Specific Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale of Academic Situations (EAPESA), the Lima Internet Addiction Scale (EAIL), and the Academic Procrastination Scale (APS). The reliability and internal structure of each scale were verified, and the EAIL was validated. Descriptive analysis and correlation between variables were conducted, followed by path and mediation analyses.

Results

Internet addiction significantly negatively affected academic self-efficacy (β = −0.381, t = −4.52, p < 0.001). Academic self-efficacy negatively impacted academic procrastination (β = −0.522, t = −7.04, p < 0.001). Internet addiction positively affected academic procrastination (β = 0.642, t = 5.72, p < 0.001). The total effect of internet addiction on academic procrastination and academic self-efficacy was significant (β = 0.841, t = 7.17, p < 0.001). Academic self-efficacy partially mediates the relationship between internet addiction and academic procrastination, suggesting universities should implement strategies to enhance academic self-efficacy in students.
Identification of stress factors in returning migrants in Latvia
Authors: Ozola-Cīrule Iveta , Martinsone Baiba
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the psychological stress factors faced by return migrants before, during, and after their return to Latvia. Employing a Grounded Theory methodology, we conducted in-depth interviews with 21 return migrants and identified five key themes: pre-return context, identity, perceived social support, psychological wellbeing, and factors that help or hinder re-adjustment. Notably, psychological stress prior to return often exceeds post-return stress, highlighting the critical yet understudied pre-return phase. Key contributors to return migration stress include unmet expectations, feelings of alienation, identity struggles, and inadequate institutional support. By highlighting these stress factors, this research not only enhances the understanding of return migration from a psychological standpoint but also lays the foundational groundwork for the development of a comprehensive theoretical framework that encompasses a broader spectrum of factors influencing return migration stress. The study advocates for a holistic approach to supporting return migrants, emphasizing the integration of psychological resources with practical assistance to foster successful reintegration into their home country.