bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Talking Sexuality
Authors: Borms Ruth , Geuens Sam
Published: March 2023

Every day more midwives and other healthcare practitioners (HCPs) realise that good care has to consider their clients’ sexual well-being. Still, many find it challenging to breach the topic during a consultation by talking to their clients about sexuality. This chapter explores the thresholds midwives and other healthcare practitioners experience when it comes down to talking about sex with their clients. Drawing on existing models of health and well-being, such as the biopsychosocial model of health, and existing models for communication in clinical settings, such as the ICE model, the chapter offers a simple and easy to use four-step communication model—starting with raising the issue of sexuality pro-actively and ending by making the client an offer. This approach can help healthcare practitioners to integrate sexuality into their daily practice.

“Talking sexuality” is a part of the more extensive publication “Sexuality & Midwifery”, an open access textbook published by Springer Nature, geared at midwives and related healthcare professionals, providing an overview of the current scientific knowledge on sexuality and midwifery, presented in a practice-oriented way.
From Midwifery Competencies on Sexual Wellbeing to Teaching and Training Midwives on Sexuality
Authors: Geuens Sam , Vermeulen Joeri
Published: March 2023

All around the world, midwives are educated to assist women through the reproductive phase of their lives. Their curricula aim to enable women to be happy and healthy women, mothers, and partners before, during, and after pregnancy. Though modern society increasingly recognises sexual well-being as an intricate part of general health and well-being, midwifery schools struggle worldwide with integrating sexuality into their curriculum.

This chapter offers the building blocks for easily integrating sexuality and sexual well-being, theoretically and practically, into existing midwifery curricula. It presents a tool for screening the current curriculum on sexuality-related topics already addressed, and it describes content for theoretical and practical lessons. It also connects content to existing international midwifery competence profiles and provides practical guidelines for identifying suitable midwifery tutors to teach sexuality and concrete examples for building practicals concerning sexuality within midwifery contexts.

This chapter is a part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, an open-access textbook published by Springer Nature, geared at midwives and related healthcare professionals. It provides an overview of the current scientific knowledge on sexuality and midwifery, presented in a practice-oriented way.
Various Sexual Consequences of Interventions in Midwifery Practice
Authors: Gianotten Woet L. , Polona Mivšek Ana , Geuens Sam
Published: March 2023

Many different elements influence sexuality and intimacy. Whereas some elements are entirely outside obstetric care, others are directly related to what happens in contact with the midwife. This chapter deals with the consequences (the ‘sexual side effects’) of what the midwife is doing or not doing. It focuses more on behaviour and attitude than on the ‘medical or technical’ aspects. The chapter will discuss possible sexual implications of the midwife’s daily work, incorporating the sexuality theme with attention to body integrity, boundaries, and respect. The chapter will provide part of the information in the form of questions for exercises related to the professional attitude in daily midwife practice.

It will also include some aspects of personal involvement in the care of the woman and the couple. A midwife is also a person with sexual feelings, most probably with a sexual life and maybe a sexual relationship. Many HCPs tend not to consider those realities related to their work. However, they can significantly impact when the positive and negative aspects of their clients’ intimacy and sexuality intensely or repeatedly confront the midwife.

This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
How Sex Works (and When it’s not Working)
Authors: Geuens Sam , Polona Mivšek Ana
Published: March 2023

To have a sexual experience, one does not need to know ‘how sex works’. Besides, the more you think about it at that moment, the greater the risk that it might not ‘work’. However, such knowledge is relevant and essential in the daily practice of the heathcare professional (HCP).

This chapter describes the stages of sexual response, from desire, via arousal, to orgasm, and then resolution (and the range of variety). It will indicate some of the changes occurring during pregnancy.

The chapter then explores the types and reasons for sexual problems or dysfunctions. The chapter highlights the common problems with sexual desire, sexual arousal and sexual pain problems. Such problems are highly relevant to midwifery practice. They can negatively impact the couple’s or the woman’s general wellbeing and even be a reason for impaired fertility. The ‘3-conditions framework for satisfying sexual experiences’, a simple diagnostic tool to help midwives and other non-sexologist-HCPs structure their clinical reasoning about their client’s sexual problems, is described and applied to sexual problems commonly encountered by midwives. Using this framework to better understand how things can go wrong can help HCPs provide care for women and couples struggling with sexual problems.

This chapter is part of ‘Midwifery and Sexuality’, a Springer Nature open-access textbook for midwives and related healthcare professionals.
Experimental analysis on the influence of the tool micro geometry on the wear behavior in gear hobbing
Authors: Kühn Felix , Hendricks Steffen , Troß Nico , Brimmers Jens , Bergs Thomas
Published: March 2023

Gear hobbing is a well-established manufacturing process for cylindrical spur gears. The cutting edge of a hobbing tool is, among others, characterized by the cutting edge radius and the form-factor K. The magnitude of these parameters is ideally chosen based on the machining conditions given by the workpiece and cutting material and the cutting parameters as well as the gear and tool geometry. However, the influence of the cutting edge geometry on tool life and wear behavior is hardly known, which complicates an optimized tool design. Furthermore, the preparation process regarding the coating thickness distribution on the wear behavior is equally relevant. Therefore, the objective was to identify the influence of the cutting edge radius, the form-factor K, and the preparation process on the wear behavior of gear hobbing tools made of powder metallurgical high-speed steel (PM-HSS). Fly-cutting trials were performed as an analogy process for gear hobbing in order to study the wear behavior and identify the respective tool lives. The trials indicated that the form-factor K influences the wear behavior, while a variation of the cutting edge radius did not have a significant effect. A homogenous coating thickness could extend the tool life significantly.
A mixture of 13 pesticides, contaminants, and food additives below individual NOAELs produces histopathological and organ weight changes in rats
Authors: Dinca Viorica , Docea Anca Oana , Drocas Andrei Ioan , Nikolouzakis Taxiarchis Konstantinos , Stivaktakis Polychronis D. , Nikitovic Dragana , Golokhvast Kirill S. , Hernandez Antonio F. , Calina Daniela , Tsatsakis Aristidis
Published: March 2023

The current approach for the risk assessment of chemicals does not account for the complex human real-life exposure scenarios. Exposure to chemical mixtures in everyday life has raised scientific, regulatory, and societal concerns in recent years. Several studies aiming to identify the safety limits of chemical mixtures determined hazardous levels lower than those of separate chemicals. Following these observations, this study built on the standards set by the real-life risk simulation (RLRS) scenario and investigated the effect of long-term exposure (18 months) to a mixture of 13 chemicals (methomyl, triadimefon, dimethoate, glyphosate, carbaryl, methyl parathion, aspartame, sodium benzoate, EDTA, ethylparaben, butylparaben, bisphenol A and acacia gum) in adult rats. Animals were divided into four dosing groups [0xNOAEL (control), 0.0025xNOAEL (low dose—LD), 0.01xNOAEL (medium dose—MD) and 0.05xNOAEL (high dose-HD) (mg/kg BW/day)]. After 18 months of exposure, all animals were sacrificed, and their organs were harvested, weighed, and pathologically examined. While organ weight tended to be higher in males than in females, when sex and dose were taken into account, lungs and hearts from female rats had significantly greater weight than that of males. This discrepancy was more obvious in the LD group. Histopathology showed that long-term exposure to the chemical mixture selected for this study caused dose-dependent changes in all examined organs. The main organs that contribute to chemical biotransformation and clearance (liver, kidneys, and lungs) consistently presented histopathological changes following exposure to the chemical mixture. In conclusion, exposure to very low doses (below the NOAEL) of the tested mixture for 18 months induced histopathological lesions and cytotoxic effects in a dose and tissue-dependent manner.
Weight-gain independent effect of mirtazapine on fasting plasma lipids in healthy men
Authors: Lechner Katharina , Heel Sarah , Uhr Manfred , Dose Tatjana , Holsboer Florian , Lucae Susanne , Schaaf Ludwig , Fulda Stephany , Kloiber Stefan , Hennings Johannes M.
Published: March 2023

Treatment with mirtazapine, a widely prescribed antidepressant, has been linked to weight gain and dyslipidemia. Whether dyslipidemia occurs secondary to increased appetite due to antidepressant treatment, or due to direct pharmacological effects of mirtazapine is unknown. The aim of this analysis is to complement our previously published results of the effect of mirtazapine on metabolism and energy substrate partitioning from a proof-of-concept, open-label clinical study (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00878540) in 12 healthy males (20–25 years). We report the effect of a seven-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg per day on weight and lipid metabolism in healthy men under highly standardized conditions with respect to diet, physical activity and day-night-rhythm and under continuous clinical observation. After a 7-day administration of mirtazapine 30 mg, we observed a statistically significant increase in triglyceride levels (mean change + 4.4 mg/dl; 95% CI [– 11.4; 2.6]; p = 0.044) as well as TG/HDL-C ratio (mean change + 0.2; 95% CI [– 0.4; 0.1]; p = 0.019) and a decrease in HDL-cholesterol (mean change – 4.3 mg/dl; 95% CI [2.1; 6.5]; p = 0.004), LDL-cholesterol (mean change – 8.7 mg/dl; 95% CI [3.8; 13.5]; p = 0.008), total cholesterol (mean change – 12.3 mg/dl; 95% CI [5.4; 19.1]; p = 0.005), and non-HDL-C (mean change – 8.0 mg/dl; 95% CI [1.9; 14.0]; p = 0.023). Notably, weight (mean change – 0.6 kg; 95% CI [0.4; 0.8]; p = 0.002) and BMI (mean change – 0.2; 95% CI [0.1; 0.2]; p = 0.002) significantly decreased. No change in waist circumference (mean change – 0.4 cm; 95% CI [– 2.1; 2.9]; p = 0.838) or waist-to-hip-ratio (mean change 0.0; 95% CI [– 0.0; 0.0]; p = 0.814) was observed. This is the first study showing unfavorable changes in lipid metabolism under mirtazapine in healthy individuals despite highly standardized conditions including dietary restriction, and despite the observation of a decrease of weight. Our findings support the hypothesis that mirtazapine has direct pharmacological effects on lipid metabolism. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00878540.
Systemic exposure to cisplatin and paclitaxel after intraperitoneal chemotherapy in ovarian cancer
Authors: de Jong Loek A. W. , Lambert Marie , van Erp Nielka P. , de Vries Lukas , Chatelut Etienne , Ottevanger Petronella B.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To determine the systemic exposure to cisplatin and paclitaxel after adjuvant intraperitoneal administration in patients with advanced ovarian cancer who underwent primary debulking surgery. This could provide an explanation for the high incidence of systemic adverse events associated with this treatment regimen.

Methods

This is a prospective pharmacokinetic study in patients with newly diagnosed advanced ovarian cancer who were treated with intraperitoneal administered cisplatin and paclitaxel. Plasma and peritoneal fluid samples were obtained during the first treatment cycle. The systemic exposure to cisplatin and paclitaxel was determined and compared to previously published exposure data after intravenous administration. An exploratory analysis was performed to investigate the relation between systemic exposure to cisplatin and the occurrence of adverse events.

Results

Pharmacokinetics of ultrafiltered cisplatin were studied in eleven evaluable patients. The geometric mean [range] peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma-concentration time curve (AUC0–24 h) for cisplatin was 2.2 [1.8–2.7] mg/L and 10.1 [9.0–12.6] mg h/L, with a coefficient of variation (CV%) of 14 and 13.0%, respectively. The geometric mean [range] observed plasma concentration of paclitaxel was 0.06 [0.04–0.08] mg/L. No correlation was found between systemic exposure to ultrafiltered cisplatin and adverse events.

Conclusion

Systemic exposure to ultrafiltered cisplatin after intraperitoneal administration is high. In addition to a local effect, this provides a pharmacological explanation for high incidence of adverse events seen after intraperitoneal administration of high-dose cisplatin. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration number NCT02861872.
Microwave ablation versus radiofrequency ablation for patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism: a meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wei , Li Shihui , Cheng Fang , Gong Lifeng , Tang Weigang , Lu Jingkui , Li Yani , Wang Zhixia
Published: March 2023

Objective

Thermal ablation, including microwave ablation (MWA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), has been recommended for the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) and refractory secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT). This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of MWA and RFA in patients with PHPT and refractory SHPT.

Methods

Databases including PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane Library, CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), and Wanfang were searched from inception to December 5, 2022. Eligible studies comparing MWA and RFA for PHPT and refractory SHPT were included. Data were analyzed using Review Manager software, version 5.3.

Results

Five studies were included in the meta-analysis. Two were retrospective cohort studies, and three were RCTs. Overall, 294 patients were included in the MWA group, and 194 patients were included in the RFA group. Compared with RFA for refractory SHPT, MWA had a shorter operation time for a single lesion (P < 0.01) and a higher complete ablation rate for a single lesion ≥ 15 mm (P < 0.01) but did not show a difference in the complete ablation rate for a single lesion < 15 mm (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between MWA and RFA for refractory SHPT concerning parathyroid hormone (P > 0.05), calcium (P > 0.05), and phosphorus levels (P > 0.05) within 12 months after ablation, except that calcium (P < 0.01) and phosphorus levels (P = 0.02) in the RFA group were lower than those in the MWA group at one month after ablation. There was no significant difference between MWA and RFA concerning the cure rate of PHPT (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences between MWA and RFA for PHPT and refractory SHPT concerning the complications of hoarseness (P > 0.05) and hypocalcaemia (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

MWA had a shorter operation time for single lesions and a higher complete ablation rate for large lesions in patients with refractory SHPT. However, there was no significant difference in efficacy and safety between MWA and RFA in cases of both PHPT and refractory SHPT. Both MWA and RFA are effective treatment methods for PHPT and refractory SHPT.
Nonlinear response of N2O and N2 emissions to increasing soil nitrate availability in a tropical sugarcane soil
Authors: Kirkby Robert , Friedl Johannes , Takeda Naoya , De Rosa Daniele , Rowlings David W. , Grace Peter R.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The reduction of the greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O) to dinitrogen (N2) via denitrification and N2O source partitioning between nitrification and denitrification remain major uncertainties in sugarcane systems. We therefore investigated magnitude and product stoichiometry of denitrification and production pathways of N2O from a tropical sugarcane soil in response to increasing soil nitrate (NO3−) availability.

Methods

Microcosms were established using a tropical sugarcane soil (Qld, Australia) and emissions of N2O and N2 were measured following fertilisation with 15NO3−–N equivalent to 25, 50 and 100 μg N g−1 soil, simulating soil NO3− contents previously observed in situ, and mimicking flood irrigation by wetting the soil close to saturation.

Results

Cumulative N2O emissions increased exponentially with NO3− availability, while cumulative N2 emissions followed an exponential increase to maximum. Average daily N2 emissions exceeded 5 µg N2–N g soil−1 and accounted for > 99% of denitrification. The response of N2O suggests preferential NO3− reduction with increasing NO3− availability, increasing N2O even when NO3− levels had only a diminishing effect on the overall denitrification rate. The fraction of N2O emitted from denitrification increased with NO3− availability, and was a function of soil water, NO3− and heterotrophic soil respiration.

Conclusions

Our findings show the exponential increase of N2O driven by excess NO3−, even though the complete reduction to N2 dominated denitrification. The low N2O/(N2O + N2) product ratio questions the use of N2O as proxy for overall denitrification rates, highlighting the need for in-situ N2 measurements to account for denitrification losses from sugarcane systems.
Detecting missing teeth on PMCT using statistical shape modeling
Authors: Rahbani Dana , Fliss Barbara , Ebert Lars Christian , Bjelopavlovic Monika
Published: March 2023

The identification of teeth in 3D medical images can be a first step for victim identification from scant remains, for comparison of ante- and postmortem images or for other forensic investigations. We evaluate the performance of a tooth detection approach on mandibles with missing parts or pathologies based on statistical shape models. The proposed approach relies on a shape model that has been built from the full lower jaw, including the mandible and teeth. The model is fitted to the target, resulting in a reconstruction, in addition to a label map that indicates the presence or absence of teeth. We evaluate the accuracy of the proposed solution on a dataset consisting of 76 target mandibles, all extracted from CT images and exhibiting various cases of missing teeth or other cases, such as roots, implants, first dentition, and gap closure. We show an accuracy of approximately 90% on the front teeth (including incisors and canines in our study) that decreases for the molars due to high false-positive rates at the wisdom teeth level. Despite the drop in performance, the proposed approach can be used to obtain an estimate of the tooth count without wisdom teeth, tooth identification, reconstruction of the existing teeth to automate measurements taken as part of routine forensic procedures, or prediction of the missing teeth shape. In comparison to other approaches, our solution relies solely on shape information. This means it can be applied to cases obtained from either medical images or 3D scans because it does not depend on the imaging modality intensities. Another novelty is that the proposed solution avoids heuristics for the separation of teeth or for fitting individual tooth models. The solution is therefore not target-specific and can be directly applied to detect missing parts in other target organs using a shape model of the new target.
Preliminary Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Perinatal Mindfulness-Based Well-Being and Parenting Programs for Low-Income New Mothers
Authors: Lengua Liliana J. , Thompson Stephanie F. , Calhoun Rebecca , Long Robyn B. , Price Cynthia , Kantrowitz-Gordon Ira , Shimomaeda Lisa , Nurius Paula S. , Katz Lynn Fainsilber , Sommerville Jessica , Booth-LaForce Cathryn , Treadway Anna , Metje Alina , Whiley Dannielle J. , Moini Natasha
Published: March 2023

Objectives

This study examined specificity in the effects of three perinatal mindfulness-based prevention programs that differed in their timing (prenatal, postpartum) and target (maternal well-being, parenting). Effects on maternal mental health (depression, anxiety, resilience), mindfulness, and observed parenting, as well as observed, physiological, and mother-report indicators of infant self-regulation, were examined.

Methods

The programs were evaluated in a racially and ethnically diverse sample of first-time mothers (n = 188) living in low-income contexts using intention-to-treat analysis. Mothers were assigned to a prenatal well-being, postpartum well-being, parenting, or book control group. Multi-method assessments that included questionnaire, observational, and physiological measures were conducted at four time points: during pregnancy (T1) and when infants were 2–4 months (T2), 4–6 months (T3), and 10–12 months.

Results

Compared to the postpartum intervention and control groups, the 6-week prenatal well-being intervention was related to decreases in depressive symptoms during pregnancy but not postpartum, higher maternal baseline respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), fewer intrusive control behaviors, and lower infant cortisol levels in the early postpartum period. Compared to all other groups, the postpartum parenting intervention was related to decreases in maternal anxiety and increases in responsive parenting. Some differential effects across programs might be due to differences in attendance rates in the prenatal (62%) vs. postpartum (35%) groups.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that brief mindfulness-based well-being and parenting preventive interventions can promote maternal and infant mental health in families living in low-income, high-stress settings, particularly if accessibility can be enhanced.

Preregistration

This study is not preregistered.
From nano to the macro: tuning hierarchical aggregation of thermoresponsive PEG/PCL-based polyurethanes via molar mass/composition control
Authors: Polo Fonseca Lucas
Published: March 2023

Amphiphilic hyperbranched polyurethanes (HPUs) based on PEG and PCL are promising for several biomedical applications. However, the lack of control over the molar mass and composition hinders a deep understanding of the aqueous self-assembly of HPUs. In this paper, the control over the HPU molar mass and composition was provided by dynamic urea bond-mediated polymerization (DUBMP), enabling a careful evaluation of their aqueous self-assembly by 1H NMR, DLS, and Cryo-TEM. HPUs containing a single PCL block per chain self-assemble into nanoaggregates (Rh ≈ 10 nm) in water up to its cloud-point temperature (Tcp) of 34 °C. On the other hand, HPUs with more than one PCL block per chain self-assemble into nanoaggregates and their clusters below Tcp. In this case, the solution behavior can be tuned by the HPU molar mass. Increasing $$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

from 4 to 19 kDa, HPUs of similar composition can form colloidally stable cluster suspensions ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 4 kDa) and phase separate into a denser liquid aggregate–cluster phase ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 7 kDa) or into a highly viscous aggregate-network phase ($$\overline{{\mathrm{M} }_{\mathrm{w}}}$$

M
w

¯

= 19 kDa). This type of control over the hierarchical aggregation of HPUs was reported for the first time and is interesting for biomedical applications.

Graphical abstract
A time-accurate inflow coupling for zonal LES
Authors: Blind Marcel P. , Kleinert Johannes , Lutz Thorsten , Beck Andrea
Published: March 2023

Generating turbulent inflow data is a challenging task in zonal large eddy simulation (zLES) and often relies on predefined DNS data to generate synthetic turbulence with the correct statistics. The more accurate, but more involved alternative is to use instantaneous data from a precursor simulation. Using instantaneous data as an inflow condition allows to conduct high fidelity simulations of subdomains of, e.g. an aircraft including all non-stationary or rare events. In this paper, we introduce a toolchain that is capable of interchanging highly resolved spatial and temporal data between flow solvers with different discretization schemes. To accomplish this, we use interpolation algorithms suitable for scattered data in order to interpolate spatially. In time, we use one-dimensional interpolation schemes for each degree of freedom. The results show that we can get stable simulations that map all flow features from the source data into a new target domain. Thus, the coupling is capable of mapping arbitrary data distributions and formats into a new domain while also recovering and conserving turbulent structures and scales. The necessary time and space resolution requirements can be defined knowing the resolution requirements of the used numerical scheme in the target domain.
Mini-documentaries and the invited gaze: an effective way of cross-cultural communication
Authors: Zhuofan Yang , Jun Luo , Na Lin
Published: March 2023

The nature of mini-documentary is to be true to the story. But being true is not necessarily the replicate of the original, instead, the director can restructure the story based on the original and make it more artistic and enjoyable for the audience. It would be ideal if viewers from different walks of life can take pleasure in interpreting the film in their own ways. A recap of the documentaries about China both from home and abroad reveals either the bias or superficialness to a large extent. The long-term and systematic representation of the people and stories about China is what we need to shed the bias and the misrepresentations. This paper takes the Looking China Youth Film Project as the case to analyze a cross-cultural communication model that enables the international young filmmakers to experience and know about China.
Global Policymaking
Authors: Pouliot Vincent , Thérien Jean-Philippe
Published: March 2023

This book analyzes the politics of global governance by looking at how global policymaking actually works. It provides a comprehensive theoretical and methodological framework which is systematically applied to the study of three global policies drawn from recent UN activities: the adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals in 2015, the institutionalization of the Human Rights Council from 2005 onwards, and the ongoing promotion of the protection of civilians in peace operations. By unpacking the practices and the values that have prevailed in these three cases, the authors demonstrate how global policymaking forms a patchwork pervaded by improvisation and social conflict. They also show how global governance embodies a particular vision of the common good at the expense of alternative perspectives. The book will appeal to students and scholars of global governance, international organizations and global policy studies.
Stability and dynamical analysis of whirl flutter in a gimballed rotor-nacelle system with a smooth nonlinearity
Authors: Mair C. , Rezgui D. , Titurus B.
Published: March 2023

Whirl flutter is an aeroelastic instability that affects aircraft with propellers/rotors. With their long and flexible rotor blades, tiltrotor aircraft are particularly susceptible. Whirl flutter is known to have destroyed aircraft and in the best case it constitutes a fatigue hazard. The complexity of whirl flutter analysis increases significantly with the addition of nonlinearities, due to the more complex dynamical behaviours that emerge as a result. Most whirl flutter stability analyses in current literature are grounded in linear theory, preventing the full discovery of the nonlinearities’ effects. Continuation and bifurcation methods (CBM) may instead be used to fully appreciate and analyse the effects of the presence of nonlinearities. Previous CBM-based work on nonlinear gimballed hub rotor-nacelle models, representing those found on tiltrotor aircraft, are capable of whirl flutter in parametric regions declared safe by linear analysis. Furthermore, it was found that they are capable of complex behaviours including limit cycle oscillations, quasi-periodic behaviour and even chaos, though the whirl flutter implications of such behaviours has not been explored. This paper investigates the impact of a smooth structural nonlinearity on the whirl flutter stability of a basic gimballed rotor-nacelle model, compared to its baseline linear stiffness version. A 9-DoF model with quasi-steady aerodynamics, a flexible wing and blades that can move both cyclically and collectively in both flapping and lead-lag motions, producing gimbal flap-like behaviour, was adopted from existing literature. A smooth stiffness nonlinearity was introduced in the blade flapping stiffness and CBM was used to find the new whirl flutter behaviours created by the presence of the nonlinearity. Time simulations, Poincaré sections and spectral analysis were then used to investigate the various behaviours found. This in turn allowed recommendations to be made concerning preferable and/or hazardous parameter combinations of use to the tiltrotor designer.
Moran models and Wright–Fisher diffusions with selection and mutation in a one-sided random environment
Authors: Cordero Fernando , Véchambre Grégoire
Published: March 2023

Consider a two-type Moran population of size N with selection and mutation, where the selective advantage of the fit individuals is amplified at extreme environmental conditions. Assume selection and mutation are weak with respect to N, and extreme environmental conditions rarely occur. We show that, as
$N\to\infty$
, the type frequency process with time sped up by N converges to the solution to a Wright–Fisher-type SDE with a jump term modeling the effect of the environment. We use an extension of the ancestral selection graph (ASG) to describe the genealogical picture of the model. Next, we show that the type frequency process and the line-counting process of a pruned version of the ASG satisfy a moment duality. This relation yields a characterization of the asymptotic type distribution. We characterize the ancestral type distribution using an alternative pruning of the ASG. Most of our results are stated in annealed and quenched form.
A Feasibility Study Investigating Mechanisms of Change in Public Mental Health Dialectical Behaviour Therapy Programmes
Authors: Frost Gemma , Strodl Esben , Swannell Sarah , Macdonald Kate , Madson Kathy
Published: March 2023

Few studies have investigated the feasibility of researching brief forms of dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT) for borderline personality disorder (BPD) in public mental health settings. This study aimed to provide preliminary evidence for the feasibility of implementing DBT over a 6-month period for BPD symptoms within Australian public mental health services. Of the 79 participants with BPD recruited, 62 commenced and 24 participants completed the therapy. The participants attended one of three outpatient DBT programmes and completed measures of BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation at baseline and after 6 months of treatment. A major challenge with feasibility identified was the high attrition rate (61%). However, for completers there were significant improvements in BPD symptoms, DBT skills-use, and difficulties with emotion regulation. These effect sizes were used to estimate the sample sizes needed by future larger trials of brief DBT for BPD in public health settings. The implementation of brief DBT for BPD patients within a public mental health outpatient setting, appears to result in significant reductions in BPD symptoms. However, further exploration of strategies to reduce drop-out rates are required.
Factors Impacting Readiness to Perform Secondary Population-Based Triage During the Second Wave of COVID-19 in Victoria, Australia: Pilot Study
Authors: Horn Zachary B.
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Pandemics generate such a significant demand for care that traditional triage methods can become saturated. Secondary population-based triage (S-PBT) overcomes this limitation. Although the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic forced S-PBT into operation internationally during the first year of the pandemic, Australian doctors were spared this responsibility. However, the second wave of COVID-19 provides an opportunity to explore the lived experience of preparing for S-PBT within the Australian context.

The aim of this study is to explore the lived experience of preparing to operationalize S-PBT to allocate critical care resources during Australia’s second wave of COVID-19 in 2020.

Methods:

Intensivists and emergency physicians working during the second Victorian COVID-19 surge were recruited by purposive non-random sampling. Semi-structured interviews were hosted remotely, recorded, transcribed, and coded to facilitate a qualitative phenomenological analysis.

Results:

Six interviews were conducted with an equal mix of intensivists and emergency doctors. Preliminary findings from a thematic analysis revealed 4 themes: (1) threat of resources running; (2) informed decision requiring information; (3) making decisions as we always do; and (4) a great burden to carry.

Conclusion:

This is the first description of this novel phenomenon within Australia and, in doing so, it identified a lack of preparedness to operationalize S-PBT during the second wave of COVID-19 in Australia.
Longitudinal Assessment of Mental Health Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic Long-Term Exposure on Health Care Workers from a North West Italian Hospital
Authors: Caramello Valeria , Gariglio Valeria , Di Salvo Gabriele , Maina Giuseppe , Boccuzzi Adriana
Published: March 2023

Objective:

To assess individual variation in anxiety, stress disorder, depression, insomnia, burnout, and resilience in health care workers (HCWs), 12 and 18 months after the beginning of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic.

Methods:

Prospective longitudinal study.

Results:

A total of 207 HCWs (74% female, 46% physicians, 44% nurses) answered; 50% scored over the cut-off for anxiety (GAD-7), 66% for PCL-C, 41% for depression (PHQ-9), 25% for ISI, and 15% started sleep inducers; 52% showed emotional exhaustion (EE), 68% detachment (DE), 39% professional efficacy (EF) at MBI; 27% completed the follow-up questionnaire 6 months later, showing a significant reduction in nearly all scores (GAD-7 median 11[5-15] vs 7[4-12] (P < 0.001); PCL-C 43[30-58] vs 37[24-50] (P < 0.05); PHQ-9 10[4-16] vs 6[3-12] (P < 0.001); ISI 10[4-15] vs 7[5-12](NS); MBI EE 25[16-35] vs 23 [15-31] (NS), DE 13[8-17] vs 12[8-17], EF 29[25-34] vs 30[25-34]. Living in a flat (OR 2.27 [1.10-4.81], high-intensity-of-care working (2.83 [1.15-7.16] increased risk of anxiety (GAD-7); age between 31-40 y (OR 2.8 [1.11-7.68], being a nurse (OR 3.56 [1.59-8.36] and high-intensity-of-care working (OR 8.43 [2.92-26.8] increased risk of pathological stress (PCL-C).

Conclusions:

Nearly half of HCWs showed psychological distress, especially nurses, women, and the youngest. A mandatory job change, increasing intensity of care, working in a COVID-19 department, and being infected were negative factors; having a partner and living in a detached house were protective. Six months later, all the psychological domains showed individual improvement.
All we like sheep: The need for reflection and reflexivity in I-O psychology
Authors: Hyland Patrick
Published: March 2023

In recent years, various I-O psychologists have raised concerns about the state of the field, with some arguing that we are experiencing a collective identity crisis and have lost our way. In this article, I explore why these concerns have emerged by reviewing the development of our field from a philosophy of science perspective. Then I discuss how the concepts of reflection and reflexivity can help us clarify our professional worldviews and find a way forward. I conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate reflection and reflexivity into I-O research and practice. My hope is to spark a conversation about the role that reflection and reflexivity could play in our field.
A Pandemic Instrument can Optimize the Regime Complex for AMR by Striking a Balance between Centralization and Decentralization
Authors: Weldon Isaac , Yaseen Safaa , Hoffman Steven J.
Published: March 2023

Global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is currently governed by a decentralized regime complex composed of multiple institutions with overlapping and sometimes conflicting principles, norms, rules, and procedures. Such a decentralized regime complex provides certain advantages and disadvantages when compared to a centralized regime. A pandemic instrument can optimize the regime complex for AMR by leveraging the strengths of both centralization and decentralization. Existing climate treaties under the UNFCCC offer lessons for achieving this hybrid approach.
Undernutrition and anaemia among Indian adolescents: role of dietary diversity and hygiene practices
Authors: Kumar Mukesh , Mohanty Pratap Chandra
Published: March 2023

In 2021, the Lancet Commission on adolescent nutrition highlighted the need to prioritise the elimination of adolescent malnutrition to tap the human capital potential and break the intergenerational malnutrition trap. The nutritional requirement during adolescence reaches its peak. The present study aims to appraise the prevalence of undernutrition (stunting and thinness) and anaemia among adolescents (10–19 years) in India and the role of socioeconomic, individual-level hygiene behaviour and dietary diversity in nutritional outcomes. We have used the nationally representative Comprehensive National Nutrition Survey (CNNS-2016–18) that covers children and adolescents (0–19 years) in India. The prevalence of stunting, anaemia and thinness among adolescents was 27⋅2, 28⋅5 and 24⋅1 %, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were applied to estimate the likelihood of undernutrition. The likelihood of stunting was higher for late adolescence (OR 1⋅21, 95 % CI 1⋅15, 1⋅27), low dietary diversity (OR 1⋅37, 95 % CI 1⋅26, 1⋅49) and low hygiene behaviour compliance (OR 1⋅53, 95 % CI 1⋅42, 1⋅64). Adolescents from the poorest quintile were more likely to be stunted (OR 3⋅20, 95 % CI 2⋅94, 3⋅48), anaemic (OR 1⋅66, 95 % CI 1⋅47, 1⋅87) and thin (OR 1⋅68, 95 % CI 1⋅54, 1⋅82). We found that lower hygienic compliance was significantly associated with undernutrition and anaemia. Therefore, promoting hygienic practices should be emphasised to tackle undernutrition and anaemia. Furthermore, dietary diversity and poverty were strong predictors of stunting and thinness, therefore targeting the poor and focusing on improving dietary diversity should be the priority.
Validation of mid-arm circumference for surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women
Authors: Nashandi Hilde L. , Monyeki Makama A. , Reilly John J.
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to assess the validity of mid-arm circumference (MAC), also known as mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), for classification of high body fatness in Namibian adolescent girls and women and to test whether classification accuracy of MUAC was higher than the traditional simple proxy for high fatness, the BMI. In 206 adolescent girls aged 13–19 years and 207 adult women aged 20–40 years, we defined obesity conventionally (BMI-for-age Z score ≥ 2·00, adolescents; adults BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) and also defined obesity using published MAC cut-off values. 2H oxide dilution was used to measure total body water (TBW) to define high body fat percentage (≥ 30 % in the adolescents, ≥ 38 % in the adults), and we compared the ability of BMI and MAC to classify high body fatness correctly using sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. In the adolescents, obesity prevalence was 9·2 % (19/206) using BMI-for-age and 63·2 % (131/206) using TBW; sensitivity of BMI-for-age was 14·5 % (95 % CI 9·1, 22·0 %) but was improved significantly using MAC of 22·6 cm (sensitivity 96·9 %; 95 % CI 92·1 %, 99·3 %). In the adults, obesity prevalence was 30·4 % (63/207) using BMI and 57·0 % (118/207) using TBW, and sensitivity of BMI was 52·5 % (95 % CI 43·6, 62·2 %), but using a MAC of 30·6 cm sensitivity was 72·8 % (95 % CI 66·4, 82·6 %). Surveillance of obesity in African adolescent girls and adult women is likely to be improved substantially by use of MAC as an alternative to the BMI-for-age and BMI.
Producing the disciplined English-speaking subjects: Language policing, development ideology, and English medium of instruction policy
Authors: Phyak Prem
Published: March 2023

This article analyzes how English medium of instruction (EMI) policy is implemented by disciplining teachers’ and students’ language behaviors in school spaces. I adopt Foucault's (1977) ‘discipline’ to examine how schools exercise disciplinary power to create an English-only environment in multilingual classroom contexts. The data is drawn from an ethnographic study of EMI policies in two Nepali schools. The findings of the study show that schools exercise their disciplinary power through both panoptic and post-panoptic surveillance strategies to police their students’ and teachers’ language practices and punish them for speaking the languages other than English. Such disciplinary power is reinforced by neoliberal development ideology that legitimizes linguistic and symbolic capitals of English. While enforcing EMI policies, schools craft students’ identity as disciplined English-speaking subjects who are perceived to contribute to development ideology. The article discusses some major impacts that sociolinguists can make on transforming unequal EMI language policies and practices. (Discipline, English medium of instruction (EMI), language policing)*
4 Zooarchaeological research in Greece from 2010 to date: A review
Authors: Mylona Dimitra
Published: March 2023

Greek archaeology, and especially prehistory, has been a field of pioneering zooarchaeological research from as early as the first half of the 20th century. The discipline retains this innovative dynamism and actively participates in the international developments that shape its future. This paper takes a critical look at zooarchaeology in Greece and highlights its current trends as they may be teased out from the considerable and multifaceted body of research published since 2010. In comparison to earlier decades, zooarchaeological research in Greece over the last decade has been characterized by the breadth of its achievements and progress in almost every aspect. Institutional representation and zooarchaeological infrastructure in the country, however, still needs enhancing. Overall, though, the presence of a large number of contributing researchers from Greece and abroad, the diffusion of zooarchaeological data across an increasingly wide range of disciplines, and the augmented inclusion of zooarchaeological results in the wider archaeological and historical narratives certainly point towards a promising future.
5 Recent developments in archaeometallurgical research: the Bronze Age Greek Mainland, Crete, and the Cyclades
Authors: Aulsebrook Stephanie
Published: March 2023

Metallurgy was a fundamental craft industry in the Aegean during the Bronze Age and had some form of impact on almost every aspect of life. This means that archaeometallurgy plays an important role in building our understanding of the region, and has in fact been integrated into Aegean archaeology since the inception of the discipline, well before it was recognized as a separate sub-discipline. Nevertheless, 15 years ago it was still possible for a leading scholar to describe Bronze Age Aegean archaeometallurgy as being in its ‘infancy’. Acknowledged weaknesses included a lack of understanding of the Aegean-specific trajectory of metalworking development, reliance on diffusionist theories, a limited interpretative use of scientific analyses, and neglect of research questions tackling social aspects of metal use. This review assesses the progress that has been made since, whether these shortcomings have been addressed, and beneficial future directions for archaeometallurgical studies of the Bronze Age Greek mainland, Crete, and the Cyclades. It focuses on several key themes: the rapidly changing story of Early Aegean metallurgy, the employment of experimental archaeology, the development of scientific techniques and expansion of their use, experimentation with ‘big data’ approaches, and the varied role of indirect evidence.
1 Introduction and overview
Authors: Galanakis Yannis , Parikh Tulsi
Published: March 2023

This introduction presents the structure and contents of the current issue of Archaeology in Greece. It also offers an overview (not meant to be exhaustive) of archaeological activity in Greece over the past 12 months, focusing on major exhibitions and other cultural events as well as on important recent publications.
7 Recent research on Greek architecture: 2012–2022
Authors: Sapirstein Philip
Published: March 2023

The discipline of Greek architecture has been changing rapidly since the time of a major review published in 2011. The current study examines research published since 2012 about the prehistoric through to the Hellenistic eras in mainland Greece and the Aegean, along with the expansion of Greek architectural systems throughout the Mediterranean and Black Sea in the first millennium BC. A narrative discussing close to 300 works from recent years is bolstered by a quantitative analysis of the subjects treated in nearly 1,000 studies from the previous decade. Traditional foci of the discipline, such as palaces and sanctuaries, are being approached in new and methodologically sophisticated manners. A notable rise in the scrutiny of material remains suggests diverse new interests in planning and construction, from the scale of an individual architectural member up to a territorial defence network. The integration of recent digital and scientific methods has been remarkable, including widespread adoption of 3D recording and modelling, remote sensing, and compositional analysis. Certain architectural types – in particular fortifications, harbours, and urban planning – have received a great deal more attention than in past decades.