bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIETAS DE BAIXO TEOR DE CARBOIDRATO NO TRATAMENTO DO DIABETES MELLITUS TIPO 2
Authors: De Andrade Marcela Cristina , Maniglia Fabíola Pansani
Published: November 2020

Uma proposta de dieta de baixo consumo de carboidratos, chamada de low carb, vem se do largamente estudada para auxiliar no manejo do diabetes tipo 2. Demostrando que um melhor controle de glicose sanguínea pode ser alcançado com uma menor ingestão de carboidratos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar resultados de ensaios clínicos que utilizaram dietas de baixo consumo de carboidratos, em comparação às dietas tradicionais aconselhadas no tratamento de diabetes tipo 2, quanto aos marcadores de melhora do controle da doença, redução ou exclusão do uso de medicamentos, diminuição da circunferência da cintura e perda de peso.Através de pesquisas bibliográficas utilizando periódicos internacionais de ensaios clínicos preferencialmente randomizados disponíveis na base de dados Pubmed. Considerando como dieta de baixo teor de carboidrato, aquelas que ofereciam percentuais do macronutriente iguais ou inferiores a 45% ou menos de 130g por dia.Os resultados dos 14 artigos incluídos nesta revisão apresentaram alguma diferença na perda de peso e uma diferença expressiva nas reduções de hemoglobina glicada, glicemia de jejum, triglicérides e redução do uso de medicamentos, em favor das dietas low carb.Esta revisão demonstra que uma dieta com baixo teor de carboidratos é efetiva no controle dos marcadores do diabetes tipo 2, podendo o paciente ter uma melhor qualidade de vida através da alimentação. Embora, mais estudos de longo prazo e de amostra aumentada sejam necessários para apoiar esta dieta como tratamento da doença.
King Yima — Jam — Jamshid: From Mythological Hero to Literary Image
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Reisner Marina L.
Published: November 2020

The article is devoted to the evolution of the mythological personage, ancient king, and cultural hero Yima in Persian literature of the Muslim period. With the help of translations of the Avesta as well as commentary and theological texts of Middle Persian literature, the work depicts Yima’s main creative functions as the keeper and protector of living beings, ruler of the world in the “Golden Age,” grantor of corporeal immortality, upholder of the cosmic and social order, and savior of the world from a natural catastrophe. These functions are opposed by the role of Yima as the first sinner, through whose fault the “Golden Age” was lost. The rudiments of the complex of mythological legends that have developed around Yima are reflected in Shahnama, the great epos that continued the Iranian narrative tradition of ancient times and the early Middle Ages. All the motifs based on Jam-Jamshid’s legends in different genres of lyric and lyric-epic poetry of XI–XIV centuries can be divided into three groups and they reflect the dual attitude towards this hero. The choice of a motif of a certain group in Persian classical poetry directly depended on genre context (panegyric, didactic, mysticallegoric, anacreontic). In lyric-epic and lyric poetry (qasida and qhazal), the circle of motifs connected with Jam-Jamshid are concentrated around Jamshid’s Throne and Jamshid’s Cup. Some similarities of Jamshid and Suleiman stories led to a merging of the two heroes in the Iranian tradition and even to a contamination of their roles and attributes. Sufi poets often used the motif Jamshid’s Cup showing the entire Universe (jam-i giti-nama) as a symbol of mystical knowledge.
Recovery of zinc from electroplating wastewater using green emulsion liquid membrane
Authors: Rajasimman M. , Rajamohan N. , Sujatha S.
Published: November 2020

In this research study, removal of zinc ions from the industrial wastewater was investigated using green emulsion liquid membrane technology. The liquid membrane was prepared by using waste cooking oil along with the surfactant, SPAN 80 and the internal phase, sulfuric acid. The extraction percentage of zinc increased with the increase in concentration of surfactant. The response surface methodology (RSM) analysis identified that the optimal variable values for the maximum extraction of zinc were: external pH – 3.8, surfactant concentration 4% (vol.), internal phase concentration – 1.61N, zinc concentration – 742 mg/L, external phase to emulsion volume ratio – 0.94 and carrier concentration – 8.9%. At the optimized conditions experiment was carried out and the maximum extraction was found to be 97.4%. The perturbation plot shows that the extraction of zinc was affected by variables in the following order of effect: zinc concentration > surfactant concentration > carrier concentration > external pH > external phase to emulsion volume ratio > internal phase concentration.
Performance of thin film composite membranes for ammonium removal and reuse of ammonium-enriched solution for plant growth
Authors: Lim Marcus Ze Yuan , Chong Woon Chan , Lau Woei Jye , Koo Chai Hoon
Published: November 2020

Ammonium is known to be one of the most significant pollutants in water bodies. The presence of ammonium in water is mainly originated from agricultural activities, domestic sewage and industrial effluent. This study evaluates the performance of two commercial thin film composite (TFC) membranes, i.e., NF270 and XLE from FilmTec™ for ammonium removal using synthetic wastewater and domestic sewage. The filtration experiment was conducted at different feed ammonium concentrations, humic acid concentrations, pHs and pressure. Results showed that the membrane rejection against ammonium increased dramatically with increasing ammonium concentration. However, the membrane flux was slightly compromised at higher ammonium concentration. With respect to pH, highest ammonium removal rate was able to be achieved at an optimum pH of 10. Besides, the permeation flux increased gradually with increasing feed pressure. From the results, the XLE membrane outperformed the NF270 membrane in terms of ammonium rejection. The retentate of XLE membrane filtration process was found to be useful as liquid fertiliser for plant growth. The results indicated that the TFC membrane process is not only able to produce permeate with an ammonium concentration below the acceptable limit of 10 mg/L but also able to produce retentate with enriched ammonium for plant growth.
Modification of the H2S test to screen for the detection of sulphur- and sulphate-reducing bacteria of faecal origin in water
Authors: Schnabel Bastian , Caplin Jonathan Lance , Cooper Ian Richard
Published: November 2020

The H2S test was created to assess the microbial quality of drinking water in low-resource settings, but the original version of the H2S test lacks sensitivity and specificity for faecal indicator bacteria. There is evidence that a modified media formula of the H2S test may be more sensitive and specific for the faecal indicator bacterium Escherichia coli (E. coli) and less sensitive to organisms of non-faecal origin. This research established the detection threshold and operational range of the H2S test, to increase its sensitivity and specificity for E. coli. A total of 20 modifications of the H2S test, and the original test, were assayed against 20 confirmed and pure culture bacteria of faecal and non-faecal origin at varying concentrations. Additionally, some of the H2S test modifications were evaluated against standard methods for drinking-water analysis. Results indicate that using a modified version of the H2S test containing L-cystine and 2-mercaptopyridine, and bile salts or penicillin G, E. coli will produce H2S. In addition, this research reveals which organisms react positively to the original and modified versions of the H2S test. The modified versions of the H2S test can be promoted as a simple screening test for microbial drinking-water safety in low-resource settings.
Preparation of spherical flower-like Mg(OH)2 from waste magnesite and its immobilization performance for Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+
Authors: Shen Xiaoyi , Wang Yuan , Liu Yan , Ding Jiwen , Zhai Yuchun , Wang Minghua
Published: November 2020

Spherical flower-like Mg(OH)2 was successfully synthesized under conditions of Mg2+ concentration of 2 mol·L−1, molar ratio of Mg2+/NH4OH of 1:0.5, temperature of 120 °C and time of 1 h using MgSO4 solution as raw material obtained from waste magnesite through several procedures. Spherical Mg(OH)2 exhibits flower-like structure composed of lamellar crystals. The immobilization ability of spherical flower-like Mg(OH)2 for Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+ obtained at variable dosage and ion concentrations shows it displays an excellent immobilization performance for Cu2+, Zn2+ and Pb2+. 50 mL solution with ion concentrations of 200 mg·L−1 could be almost completely immobilized by 200, 250 and 60 mg Mg(OH)2 within 6 min, and the immobilization efficiencies were 97.55%, 99.99% and 91.56%, respectively. Langmuir model well describes the immobilization process, involving chemisorption emphasized as monolayer.
Bioactive Isolates of Morus Species as Antibacterial Agents and their In Silico Profiling
Authors: Janakirama Rao Aditya Shimoga , Mudduraj Urs Venugopal Thegur , Devanna Jayanna Nayakarahatty , Mahadevappa Paramesha , Kumaran Ramesh Chapeyil
Published: November 2020

Background:

The genus Morus is one of the rich sources of phytomedicine and considered
a beneficial natural source for drugs with potential antimicrobial effect under the traditional
system of medicine.

Introduction:

In the present study, three bioactive compounds isolated from the leaves of two species
of genus Morus and their antibacterial effect against selective pathogens were assessed.

Methods:

The inhibitory effects of the three molecules isolated were assessed for their minimum
inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against selected
pathogens. The in-silico studies provided the toxicity profile and the binding interactions with glucosamine-
6-phosphate synthase for all the isolates.

Results:

Among the three compounds tested, cathafuran-B showed a prominent bacteriostatic and
bactericidal effect, which is supported by the results of in-silico analysis suggesting that cathafuran-
B could be a potential glucosamine-6-phosphate synthase inhibitor.

Conclusion:

The biomolecule isolated from less explored Morus laevigata exhibiting higher antibacterial
effect among the compounds tested warranted opening a new prospect in phytomedicinal
research for exploring its pharmacological properties and lowering the utilization load present on
highly explored Morus alba.
Potential Inhibition of COVID-19 RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase by Hepatitis C Virus Non-nucleoside Inhibitors: An In-silico Perspective
Authors: Choong Yee Siew , Lim Theam Soon , Liu Hanyun , Jiang Rubin , Cai Zimu , Ge Yuan
Published: November 2020

Background:

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a
novel member of the genus betacoronavirus in the Coronaviridae family. It has been identified as
the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), spreading rapidly in Asia, America
and Europe. Like some other RNA viruses, RNA replication and transcription of SARS-CoV-2 rely
on its RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP), which is a therapeutic target of clinical
importance. Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 was solved recently (PDB ID 6M71) with some
missing residues.

Objective:

We used SARS-CoV-2 RdRP as a target protein to screen for possible chemical
molecules with potential anti-viral effects.

Methods:

Here we modelled the missing residues 896-905 via homology modelling and then
analysed the interactions of Hepatitis C virus allosteric non-nucleoside inhibitors (NNIs) in the
reported NNIs binding sites in SARS-CoV-2 RdRP.

Results:

We found that MK-3281, filibuvir, setrobuvir and dasabuvir might be able to inhibit
SARS-CoV-2 RdRP based on their binding affinities in the respective binding sites.

Conclusion:

Further in vitro and in vivo experimental research will be carried out to evaluate their
effectiveness in COVID-19 treatment in the near future.
Design and Synthesis of Novel 5-Arylisoxazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole Hybrids as α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Authors: Saeedi Mina , Eslami Azadeh , Mirfazli Seyedeh Sara , Zardkanlou Mahsa , Faramarzi Mohammad Ali , Mahdavi Mohammad , Akbarzadeh Tahmineh
Published: November 2020

Background:

α-Glucosidase inhibitors have occupied a significant position in the treatment
of type 2 diabetes. In this respect, the development of novel and efficient non-sugar-based
inhibitors is in high demand.

Objective:

Design and synthesis of new 5-arylisoxazole-1,3,4-thiadiazole hybrids possessing α-
glucosidase inhibitory activity were developed.

Methods:

Different derivatives were synthesized by the reaction of various 5-arylisoxazole-3-
carboxylic acids and ethyl 2-((5-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)thio)acetate. Finally, they were evaluated
for their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

Results:

It was found that ethyl 2-((5-(5-(2-chlorophenyl)isoxazole-3-carboxamido)-1,3,4-thiadiazol-
2-yl)thio)acetate (5j) was the most potent compound (IC50 = 180.1 μM) compared with acarbose as
the reference drug (IC50 = 750.0 μM). Also, the kinetic study of 5j revealed a competitive inhibition
and docking study results indicated desired interactions of that compound with amino acid residues
located close to the active site of α-glucosidase.

Conclusion:

Good α-glucosidase inhibitory activity obtained by the title compounds introduced
them as an efficient scaffold, which merits to be considered in anti-diabetic drug discovery
developments.
Evaluation of Serum Level of Carnitine in Children with Acute Pyelonephritis (APN) Compared to Healthy Children
Authors: Vaseghi Golnaz , Eshraghi Azadeh , Rahimzadeh Nahid , Amiri Hasan , Jahed Mohammadreza
Published: November 2020

Aim:

This cross-sectional case-control study evaluated the serum carnitine level in children
with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Background:

Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a common bacterial infection of the upper urinary
tract in children which may also lead to renal damage and tubular atrophy. Activation of inflammatory
mediator bedside alterations in the cytokines and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS)
play a striking role in the development of tissue damage after pyelonephritis. L-carnitine as one of
the most potent natural antioxidant agents by inhibition of lipid peroxidation may protect cells and
tissues from damage.

Methods:

A total of 30children with UTI (as a case group) and 30 healthy children (as a control group) which matched as
age and sex were enrolled in this study. All children were evaluated and compared as age, sex, weight, body mass index
(BMI) and serum carnitine level together. Serum carnitine level wasdetermined using serum carnitine ELISA kit.

Results:

Demographic and clinical data such as age, sex, weight and BMI were not statistically significant between two
groups. The serum carnitine levels were significantly lower in case group with UTI than control group. Mean serum
carnitine concentration in the case group and in control group was 36.56 ± 9.87 μmol/l and 62.8±21.35 respectively
(P = 0.001).

Conclusion:

According to our study, it could be concluded that low serum L-carnitine level is linked to UTI in children.
Therefore, further studies are needed to confirm our results.
The Protective Effects of Lupine (Lupinus albus) Fruit Extract Against to Destructive Effects of Hyperglycemia in Type I Diabetic Rats
Authors: Aydın Sevinç , Kaya Tubay , Erman Orhan , Yılmaz Ökkeş
Published: November 2020

Backround:

Lupinus albus is a member of the Fabaceae family. As a natural or cultivated
plant, Lupinus albus is distributed in Europe, the Balkans and Turkey, especially in Marmara and
Aegean regions. The lupine is a nutritious and protective plant against diabetes.

Objective:

In the present study, the effects of Lupinus albus fruits on malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced
glutathione (GSH), total protein, ADEK vitamins, and cholesterol values, which are the indicators
of oxidative damage and antioxidant defense. In this regard, muscle, liver, renal, and brain
tissues of STZ-induced type I diabetes rats were studied.

Methods:

The analyzes of ADEK vitamins and cholesterol levels in tissues were performed via
Shimadzu HPLC device. The lipid peroxidation levels were measured at 532 nm in spectrophotometer.
Determination of GSH was read at 412 nm against blank, and for the total protein levels Lowry
method was applied.

Results:

According to the results obtained, it was determined that among the rats with induced type I
diabetes, the group applied lupine fruit extract was found to have increased GSH level and decreased
MDA levels in all the tissues. The protein values were increased in liver tissues but decreased
in the other tissues. The level of vitamins was significantly increased in almost all the tissues
in the diabetic group.

Conclusion:

In the present study, it was shown that the lupine reduced the devastating effects of
type I diabetes by decreasing the fasting blood glucose and lipid peroxidation values and increasing
the glutathione level in comparison to the diabetic group.
Immune and Metabolic Interactions of Human Erythrocytes: A Molecular Perspective
Authors: Papadopoulos Charalampos , Panopoulou Maria , Anagnostopoulos Konstantinos , Tentes Ioannis
Published: November 2020

Apart from their main function as oxygen carriers in vertebrates, erythrocytes are also involved in immune regulation. By circulating throughout the body, the erythrocytes are exposed and interact with tissues that are damaged as a result of a disease. In this study, we summarize the literature regarding the contribution of erythrocytes to immune regulation and metabolism. Under the circumstances of a disease state, the erythrocytes may lose their antioxidant capacity and release Damage Associated Molecular Patterns, resulting in the regulation of innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, the erythrocytes scavenge and affect the levels of chemokines, circulating cell-free mtDNA, and C3b attached immune complexes. Furthermore, through surface molecules, erythrocytes control the function of T lymphocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells. Through an array of enzymes, red blood cells contribute to the pool of blood’s bioactive lipids. Finally, the erythrocytes contribute to reverse cholesterol transport through various mechanisms. Our study is highlighting overlooked molecular interactions between erythrocytes and immunity and metabolism, which could lead to the discovery of potent therapeutic targets for immunometabolic diseases.
Preparation and Characterization of the Ceramsites with Microscale Pores from Iron Tailing and Fly Ash
Authors: Xue Zeyang , Wang Zi , Yu Chunhu , Mao Yajing , Pei Lizhai
Published: November 2020

Background:

Iron tailing causes great environmental and social problems. They contaminate
water, air and soil. Therefore, it is of important significance to prepare iron tailing ceramsites with
microscale pores which can recycle the deposited iron tailing.

Objective:

The aim of the research is to obtain iron tailing ceramsites with microscale pores and good
mechanical performance.

Methods:

The iron tailing ceramsites have been characterized via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Influence of the content of iron tailing, temperature and duration time on
the mechanical performance of the obtained ceramsites was performed and the optimal sintering parameter
was determined. The bulk density, apparent density and cylinder compressive strength of the
obtained ceramsites increased as the iron tailing content, temperature and sintering time improved.

Results:

Duration time and sintering temperature play important roles in the formation and size of the
pores of the ceramsites. The optimal iron tailing content and sintering parameter are 70 wt.%, 1100 °C
for 40 min. The iron tailing ceramsites mainly consist of orthorhombic CaAl2Si2O8, monoclinic CaSiO3,
hexagonal Ca7Si2P2O16, triclinic MgSiO3, triclinic Al2SiO5, and triclinic Ca2Fe2O5 phases. Iron tailing
ceramsites from 1100 °C for 40 min are composed of irregular particles with several hundreds of micrometers
improving the density and strength of the ceramsites.

Conclusion:

Iron tailing ceramsites containing microscale pores were prepared using iron tailing and fly
ash, and exhibited excellent potential for application in the field of construction.
Smart University Library Management System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Muhamad Sivana Salahadin , Darwesh Aso Mohammad
Published: November 2020

With the innovation of new technologies, many life concepts have been changed. However, libraries remain the same in many sides while the main role of libraries has been changed and new references may not need a classical library as it was 50 years ago. In the same time, library services can be improved using Internet of Things (IoT) to increase user satisfactions. In recent years, there has been arisen in the diversity of implementation based on radio-frequency identification (RFID) systems and has been successfully utilized in several areas such as health care and transportation. RFID-based library management system will let rapid transaction flow for the library and could prove instant and long-term benefits to library in traceability and security. To solve the problem that it is inconvenient to find references in the traditional library, a kind of reference positioning system using RFID technology is designed to achieve fast search references in the library. Searching and sorting misplaced references are a hard task often carried out by the librarians. In this paper, the performance of RFID reader motion and tags allows fast transaction flow and easily handling the process like references borrowing from library can be done using RFID technology and users will get notified using Global System for Mobile. Two big issues have been exposed and tried to find the best solution for them, first is the management process of any library, from user management to shelving system and the second one is the data and reference security. The results show that the system can quickly find the references that bookworms hid, and the references are not timely put back on the shelves. Furthermore, the new library hall design and IoT-based system improve the security.
Pupillary Responses for Cognitive Load Measurement to Classify Difficulty Levels in an Educational Video Game: Empirical Study
Authors: Mitre-Hernandez Hugo , Covarrubias Carrillo Roberto , Lara-Alvarez Carlos
Published: November 2020

Background

A learning task recurrently perceived as easy (or hard) may cause poor learning results. Gamer data such as errors, attempts, or time to finish a challenge are widely used to estimate the perceived difficulty level. In other contexts, pupillometry is widely used to measure cognitive load (mental effort); hence, this may describe the perceived task difficulty.

Objective

This study aims to assess the use of task-evoked pupillary responses to measure the cognitive load measure for describing the difficulty levels in a video game. In addition, it proposes an image filter to better estimate baseline pupil size and to reduce the screen luminescence effect.

Methods

We conducted an experiment that compares the baseline estimated from our filter against that estimated from common approaches. Then, a classifier with different pupil features was used to classify the difficulty of a data set containing information from students playing a video game for practicing math fractions.

Results

We observed that the proposed filter better estimates a baseline. Mauchly’s test of sphericity indicated that the assumption of sphericity had been violated (χ214=0.05; P=.001); therefore, a Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used (ε=0.47). There was a significant difference in mean pupil diameter change (MPDC) estimated from different baseline images with the scramble filter (F5,78=30.965; P<.001). Moreover, according to the Wilcoxon signed rank test, pupillary response features that better describe the difficulty level were MPDC (z=−2.15; P=.03) and peak dilation (z=−3.58; P<.001). A random forest classifier for easy and hard levels of difficulty showed an accuracy of 75% when the gamer data were used, but the accuracy increased to 87.5% when pupillary measurements were included.

Conclusions

The screen luminescence effect on pupil size is reduced with a scrambled filter on the background video game image. Finally, pupillary response data can improve classifier accuracy for the perceived difficulty of levels in educational video games.
ARFIMA Reference Forecasts for Worldwide CO2 Emissions and the Need for Large and Frontloaded Decarbonization Policies
Authors: Belbute José M. , Pereira Alfredo M.
Published: November 2020

We provide reference forecasts for worldwide CO2 emissions from fuel fossil combustion and cement production based on an ARFIMA approach. Our projections suggest that for the IPCC goals to be achieved it is necessary to reduce emissions by 57.4% and 97.4% of 2010 emissions by 2030 and 2050, respectively. Furthermore, the bulk of these efforts have to take place by 2030. Finally, the presence in the data of long memory suggests that policies must be persistent to ensure permanent reductions in emissions. These results add to the sense of urgency in dealing with the issue of decarbonization.
Feminismo socioambiental. Revitalizando el debate desde América Latina
Authors: Velázquez Gutiérrez Margarita
Published: November 2020

La crisis socioambiental es una característica de nuestro tiempo, cotidianamente podemos encontrar ejemplos de deterioro ecológico que amenazan la calidad y la dignidad de la vida, tanto en su manifestación humana como no humana. Esto nos exige contar con conocimientos que nos permitan entender cómo se engarzan fenómenos complejos en múltiples esferas. En ese sentido, el feminismo tiene mucho que aportar, pues constituye un cuerpo de pensamiento que ayuda a develar los procesos, las prácticas y los discursos que sostienen un orden patriarcal en el que se subordina todo aquello que no responde a códigos viriles y heteronormativos. Particularmente, el feminismo socioambiental ofrece rutas para imaginar proyectos comunes y emprender prácticas que nos acerquen a acuerdos más justos en clave de igualdad, libertad y sustentabilidad. Tal es el propósito del que parte el presente libro, que se funda en una posición ético-política comprometida con el desarrollo de herramientas teóricas y metodológicas que contribuyan a analizar las problemáticas que enfrentamos en América Latina y a esbozar alternativas que les den respuesta. A lo largo de sus 12 capítulos, se ofrecen claves conceptuales y se abordan problemas emergentes, abriendo un espacio de reflexión y conversación que reenmarca y actualiza el análisis del vínculo entre género y medio ambiente, sumándose a la consolidación de este campo de estudios en la región. En suma, esta obra responde a dos de las agendas más críticas de nuestro tiempo: la feminista y la ambiental, apoyándose en estos referentes nos invita a cuestionar el orden actual y a imaginar caminos hacia la justicia socioambiental.
Pengaruh kitosan terhadap peningkatan level ekspresi WRKY17 dan WRKY53 tanaman Capsicum annuum cv. Laba pada kondisi kekeringan
Authors: AZIZ Muhammad Abdul , ESYANTI Rizkita Rahmi , DWIVANNY Fenny Martha
Published: November 2020

Chitosan is known as the natural plant growth biostimulant and defense elicitor involving WRKY transcription factors in response to environmental stresses. However, either plant’s growth or defense responses against stress are different among the cultivars. In the previous study, chitosan and drought treatment combination on red chili plant cv. Lado resulted in the impeded growth performance followed by the down-regulated expression level of WRKY17. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the response of red chili plant from the different cultivar towards the combination of chitosan and drought treatments. At the onset of the generative phase, plants were subjected to the drought treatment with and without 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan application. Observation of plant growth performance was carried out by measuring plant height, the number of leaves, the conversion percentage of flowers developed to fruits, and the number of harvested fruits, while the molecular parameter was indicated by the analyses of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression levels. In line with the previous study using cv. Lado, the combination of 1 mg mL-1 of chitosan and drought treatment significantly reduced the plant productivity observed in the number of fruits, followed by the plant height and the number of leaves. However, the expression level of WRKY17 and WRKY53 experienced 10 and 22-fold higher than controls, respectively. This is different from the previous study which showed the reduction of WRKY17 expression level. According to the study, it can be implied that the combination of chitosan and drought treatments on red chili plant cv. Laba could reduce plant growth performance, but increased genetics indicator towards plant’s defense system against stress indicated by the escalation of WRKY17 and WRKY53 expression level. Furthermore, the individual chitosan application are potential to increase the productivity of red chili plant cv. Laba.
Enhanced solubilization of insoluble silicate from quartz and zeolite minerals by selected Aspergillus and Trichoderma species
Authors: SANTI Laksmita Prima
Published: November 2020

Silicon (Si) is a major component of sand, silt and clay particles of soils. Available silica as silicic acid (H4SiO4) present in soil solution is considerably low, only in the range of 3.5–40.0 mg Si L-1. To improve plant-available Si in the soil, silicate-solubilizing fungi (SSF) are potentially important in solubilizing insoluble forms of silicate (SiO2). The objectives of this study were to determine silicate solubilizing capacity and organic acid produced by seven SSF isolates on Bunt and Rovira media by using 0.25% (w/v) magnesium trisilicate (Mg2O8Si3), quartz, and zeolite as a silica source. Determination of SSF isolates potential in Si solubilization was carried out in a completely randomized design with three silica sources and three replicates. The results indicated that all SSF were capable of producing acetic, citrate, and oxalic acids and enhancing the solubilization of insoluble silicates. Trichoderma polysporum and Aspergillus niger BCCF194 were the best isolates of SSF. Furthermore, there was significantly (p<0.05) positive correlation between solubilizing silicate capacity by using quartz or zeolite as a silica source on Bunt and Rovira media with incubation time (R2 = 0.79-0.99) and citric acid production (R2= 0.97-0.99) from T. polysporum and A. niger BCCF194
Physiological responses and P5CS gene expression of transgenic oil palm plantlet induced by drought stress
Authors: TURHADI . , MINARSIH Hayati , RIYADI Imron , PRIYONO . , BUDIANI Asmini
Published: November 2020

Drought is one of the limiting factors in crop cultivation, such as in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). The transgenic approaches are expected to increase plant tolerance to drought stress and minimize low productivity when drought occurs. Proline is an osmoprotectant compound in plants which its biosynthesis involved the P5CS gene. The objective of this study was to evaluate the tolerance level of P5CS-transgenic oil palm to drought stress induced by polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG-6000). In this present study, the transgenic and non-transgenic oil palms were treated by  0, 2, and 4% PEG-6000 under in vitro conditions. The experiment was arranged as a factorial completely randomized design with three replications. The drought level score, total chlorophyll content, carotenoids, and proline content, as well as P5CS gene expression in leaf tissues were observed at 7 and 14 days after stress treatments. The result showed that transgenic plantlets had a lower drought level score than those of non-transgenic lines. A concentration of 4% PEG-6000 treatment reduced the total chlorophyll and carotenoids contents than that of 2% concentration in non-transgenic plantlets at 7 and 14 day after treatments (DAT). In addition, proline content and P5CS gene expression level in transgenic had been significantly increased during stress treatment. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the P5CS transgene increased the drought stress tolerance of oil palm.
Analisis ko-ekspresi gen-gen regulasi upstream dari gen Dehydrin di tanaman tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan
Authors: MINARSIH Hayati , PAMBUDI Jembar , PUTRANTO Riza Arief
Published: November 2020

Sugarcane plantations in Indonesia have been expanded and shifted to the marginal land characterized by long drought period, therefore, an attempt has been initiated to generate drought tolerance varieties through genetic engineering. It could be conducted by inserting the gene that involve in plant adaptation response to drought stress such as dehydrin (DHN) into sugarcane genome. The promoter of sugarcane DHN gene was isolated and transformed into sugarcane in the previous research. This study aimed to demonstrate the functionality of sugarcane DHN promoter through expression analysis of DHN regulatory genes that play a role in response to drought stress. Expression analyses using RT-qPCR were also conducted on regulatory genes of sugarcane that inserted by Pr-1DHNSo construct treated with drought stress. The results showed that the expressions of  SoMYB, SoWRKY, SoNAC, and SoDHN genes were escalated on sugarcane 16 days after stress treatment ranging from 353 to 4067 folds relatively to untreated samples in which SoNAC gene showed the highest expression. On the other hand, the analysis on transgenic sugarcane carrying DHNpromoter construct showed SoNAC and SoDREB expression increased after 72 hours under drought stress. The expression values of SoNAC in transgenic and non-transgenic plants under drought condition were 4.79 and 4.99, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression values of SoDREB in transgenic and non-transgenic plants under drought condition were 13.2 and 13.3, respectively. The results of these experiments showed that the promoter construct of Pr-1DHNSo was induced by drought stress treatments highlighting the regulation of several upstream genes of SoDHN.
What Impacts HPV Vaccination Recommendations? An Exploration of Medical Residents’ Knowledge, Training, Barriers, and Practices
Authors: Hansen Katie , Ward Megan , Avashia Swati , Duc Jennifer , Spielberg Freya
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: Increasing human papillomavirus vaccination (HPVV) uptake is critical to the prevention of cervical cancer. Effective physician communication and clinical workflow policies have a significant impact on vaccination rates. However, resident training programs vary in the inclusion of training in effective HPVV practices. At Dell Medical School in Austin, Texas, HPVV rates at primary care residents’ clinic sites vary. We examined HPVV-related knowledge, training, barriers, and practices among residents in pediatrics (Peds), family medicine (FM), obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn), and internal medicine (IM) with the aim of identifying interventional targets to improve vaccination rates.
Methods: This was a mixed-method study including qualitative interviews and a survey. We interviewed a sample of residents from each specialty to assess their training experiences and how they discuss HPVV. We recorded, transcribed, and coded interviews for thematic analysis. All residents were offered the opportunity to complete an electronic survey to quantitatively evaluate knowledge and vaccine practices. We performed χ2 and Fisher exact analysis to compare results between disciplines.
Results: HPVV-related knowledge was similar across all four specialties and between resident year. Peds residents reported always recommending the HPVV significantly more than FM and Ob/Gyn residents for 11-17-year-old females. Only Peds residents reported receiving evidence-based vaccine communication training. Among all residents, the primary HPVV barriers included forgetting to offer the vaccine and time constraints. When discussing the vaccine, many interviewed residents were not offering a confident recommendation to all eligible patients, and instead were using a risk-based approach to vaccination.
Conclusions: There were inconsistencies across programs related to how and where residents receive HPVV training. This may impact the frequency and strength of resident vaccine recommendations. To increase HPVV rates, residency programs should prioritize implementation of multimodal interventions, including opt-out workflows and education on how to give confident vaccine recommendations.
A Longitudinal Study of Burnout and Well-being in Family Medicine Resident Physicians
Authors: Ricker Mari , Maizes Victoria , Brooks Audrey J. , Lindberg Coya , Cook Paula , Lebensohn Patricia
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) core competencies for residency learning and work environment standards acknowledge high levels of burnout and depression in resident physicians and the critical importance of physician well-being to patient care and effective education. The objective of this study was to follow family medicine resident physicians’ well-being throughout residency.
Methods: Family medicine resident physicians from 12 programs completed validated assessments (burnout, depression, perceived stress, satisfaction with life, positive and negative affect, emotional intelligence, mindfulness, gratitude) at residency start, second year start, and graduation. Resident physicians were from the 2011, 2012, and 2013 graduating classes (N=158).
Results: Two indicators of burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization) increased between the start of residency and the start of the second year, remaining elevated at graduation. Emotional intelligence was lower at graduation than at the start of residency. In contrast, other measures of well-being (stress, life satisfaction, affect) improved during the second and third years. Depression, mindfulness, and gratitude remained stable. Increased levels of burnout risk at graduation were negatively associated with emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and gratitude.
Conclusions: While the stressful impact of residency is transitory for some measures of well-being, that is not the case for burnout or emotional intelligence. Burnout levels peak after the first year of residency and remain high through graduation. Targeted interventions to identify and address burnout in residency need to be evaluated in future studies.
Abortion Provision Among Recently Graduated Family Physicians
Authors: Patel Payal , Narayana Sumathi , Summit Aleza , Gold Marji , Morgan Zachary J. , Peterson Lars E. , Paul Allison
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: Family physicians (FPs) are well positioned to increase abortion access given their broad scope and diverse geographic practice regions. Previously published studies focus on physicians who received formal abortion training but do not include the full landscape of FPs performing abortions in the United States. This secondary data analysis presents a unique opportunity to examine characteristics of early-career FPs who provide abortions, including practice locations and if they received abortion training during residency.
Methods: We analyzed data from the 2016-2018 Family Medicine National Graduate Survey to generate descriptive statistics about respondents who report providing pregnancy termination, uterine aspiration/dilation and curettage, or both. We evaluated associations between physician and/or practice characteristics and providing pregnancy termination using bivariate statistics.
Results: Of the 6,319 survey respondents, 3% reported providing pregnancy termination. Nearly three-quarters of this subset reported graduating residency feeling prepared to provide pregnancy termination. Most respondents completed residency in the West or Northeast US geographic regions, and 3 years later were practicing in the West or South regions. Additional characteristics associated with providing pregnancy termination include female gender, providing continuity care, and practicing in either an academic medical center or a federally qualified health center.
Conclusions: FPs are well positioned to address gaps in abortion access, and those who provide pregnancy termination practice in various US geographic regions. This is the first discussion of its kind about the scope of family physicians providing abortion care. Future research should continue to characterize FPs who provide abortions to determine where they train and practice and what type of abortions they provide.
Characteristics of Medical School Applicants: A Single-Institution Study
Authors: Campbell Kendall , Lancaster Kelly D. , Averett Paige E. , Tumin Dmitry , Bright Cedric M.
Published: November 2020

Background and Objectives: Medical schools aim to admit talented learners who are honest, patient centered, and caring, in addition to possessing the required cognitive skills. The Association of American Medical Colleges (AAMC) describes core competencies for entering medical students in three categories: science, preprofessional, and thinking and reasoning. The authors sought to determine desired characteristics of medical school applicants at a rural, community-based medical school in light of the published core competencies.
Methods: This qualitative study involved an analysis of data from discussion groups, all from a convenience sample of participants. The authors led the discussion groups, and large sticky note pads and pens were provided to scribe responses. Group members were given the prompt, “What do you see as traits or characteristics of your ideal doctor?” We used a content analysis approach to analyze the data.
Results: The total number of responses across groups was 243, representing 15 unique characteristics. The 15 characteristics, listed in decreasing order of frequency, included good communicator, knowledgeable, dedicated, compassionate, respectful, community oriented, well rounded, patient, team player, available, leader, positive attitude, equal treatment, prevention focused, and urgency when needed for patient care. Of the top characteristics with 20 or more responses, alignment with AAMC competencies was noted, but less so with being community oriented as defined by study participants.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there are unique characteristics that a rural community and its medical school consider when admitting applicants to their medical program. Further research is needed to explore the need for additional competencies for rural medical schools to consider for entering medical students.
Goodwill impairment tests as a device for earnings management: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Albersmann Benjamin Tobias , Friedrich Christian , Hohenfels Daniela , Quick Reiner
Published: November 2020

This study investigates whether goodwill impairments are influenced by earnings management incentives. It is motivated by the International Accounting Standards Board’s (IASB) post-implementation review on business combinations, the ongoing debate on the reliability of impairment testing, and the high practical relevance of this topic. The sample consists of 2,127 firm-year observations from German listed firms for the periods 2006 to 2013. The results show that the likelihood to recognize goodwill impairments and the magnitude of impairment losses are not only determined by economic and other relevant factors but also influenced by earnings management incentives like beating an earnings target, conservative smoothing, big bath accounting, changes in senior management, and the firms’ general earnings management behavior. Hence, goodwill impairment tests seem to be used by management as a device for earnings management. The results do not change over time, i.e., between the period before, during, and after the financial crisis.
A 2% Taurolidine Catheter Lock Solution Prevents Catheter-Related Bloodstream Infection (CRBSI) and Catheter Dysfunction in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Neusser Matthias Alexander , Bobe Irina , Hammermeister Anne , Wittmann Udo
Published: November 2020

Highlights

2% Taurolidine catheter lock solution without additives is safe and efficient. CRBSI and dysfunction rates compare favorably against other studies in hemodialysis.
Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus on Electroencephalography in a Case With Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
Authors: Aydin Ömer Faruk , Şenbil Nesrin , Gürer Y. K. Yavuz
Published: November 2020

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is a neurodegenerative disease with a poor prognosis. We report a case of a 5Z\x-year-old boy who had emotional lability, cognitive difficulties, and myoclonia after a mild closed head injury. The magnetic resonance image of the brain and computed tomographic scan of the head were normal. His electroencephalogram (EEG) showed continuous nonconvulsive status epilepticus activity, which could not be suppressed with intravenous diazepam. After treatment with phenytoin for 2 days, an EEG showed periodic high-amplitude sharp-and-slow-wave complexes, which were also not suppressed with intravenous diazepam. Since the patient had measles at 5 months of age, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis was considered, and the diagnosis was confirmed by the presence of measles antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid. ( J Child Neurol 2006;21:256—260; DOI 10.2310/7010.2006.00056).
HUBUNGAN ANTARA JUMLAH LANGKAH TIAP HARI DENGAN HIPERTENSI
Authors: Laksmita Devinta Yulia
Published: November 2020

Objektif Di Indonesia, telah dibangun klaim yang menyatakan bahwa tiap individu perlu berjalan 10.000 langkah sehari untuk menjaga kesehatannya. Hipertensi adalah masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang umum ada di masyarakat dan berkontribusi terhadap resiko suatu penyakit seperti penyakit kardiovaskuler, stroke, kematian, dan disabilitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan korelasi antara langkah per hari dan hipertensi.
Metode Penelitian ini menggunakan studi cross sectional dengan total subjek 38 orang. Tekanan darah ditentukan dalam posisi duduk dan dalam keadaan istirahat, tensi darah diukur dengan menggunakan sphygmomanometer.  Analisis data menggunakan Uji Rank Spearman.
Hasil Tekanan darah dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok normal dan hipertensi. Setelah berjalan satu bulan, tekanan darah sistolik agak normal pada kelompok dengan irama yang lebih tinggi dalam sehari. Hasil uji korelasi antara langkah berjalan dan tekanan darah adalah nilai p = 0,4.
Kesimpulan Ada korelasi antara banyak langkah setiap hari dengan individu dengan berbagai tingkat tekanan darah sistolik
PENGEMBANGAN PEMBELAJARAN KARAKTER BERBASIS SOFT SKILLS DI PERGURUAN TINGGI
Authors: Aly Abdullah
Published: November 2020

Pembelajaran karakter di perguruan tinggi belakangan ini telah menjadi perhatian penting dari para pengamat dan pakar pendidikan di Indonesia. Perhatian tersebut dilatarbelakangi oleh fakta bahwa pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi Indonesia dalam pengamatan mereka lebih banyak menekankan pada dimensi hard skills dari pada soft skills. Dalam pandangan mereka, praktik pembelajaran di perguruan tinggi di Indonesia yang ideal itu perlu memadukan antara dimensi hards skills dan soft skills.
Ecological state of the rivers in the Zhovkva district of the Lviv region
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Golodovska Olena , Kokhalevych Kateryna ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Stokalyuk Oleh ,   Lviv State University of Life Safety
Published: November 2020

Observation of the surface water state is carried out to determine its quality (contaminant content) based on the results of analytical control. The analysis of surface water was made according to the polluting sources of the object. It resulted in the proposed management decisions on directions and measures to improve the state of surface water.