bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El Niño dynamics and long lead climate forecasts
Authors: Ballester Joan , Bordoni S. , Petrova D. , Rodó X.
Published: January 2020

El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a climatic phenomenon in the tropical Pacific arising from interactions between the ocean and the atmosphere on timescales ranging from months to years. ENSO generates the most prominent climate alterations known worldwide, even very far from where it forms. It affects weather extremes, landslides, wildfires or entire ecosystems, and it has major impacts on human health, agriculture and the global economy. Reliable forecasts of ENSO with long lead times would represent a major achievement in the climate sciences, and would have huge positive societal and economic implications. Here we provide a review of our current understanding of ENSO as a major source of climate predictability worldwide, emphasizing four main aspects: 1) differences between weather and climate forecasting, and existing limitations in both types of prediction; 2) main mechanisms and interactions between the atmosphere and the ocean explaining the dynamics behind ENSO; 3) different theories that have been formulated regarding the oscillatory behavior and the memory sources of the phenomenon; and 4) the upper limit in its potential predictability and current research endeavors aimed at increasing the lead time of climate predictions.
What do historical temperature records tell us about natural variability in global temperature?
Authors: Brown Patrick T.
Published: January 2020

Global average surface air temperature can change when it is either ‘forced’ to change by factors such as increasing greenhouse gasses, or it can change on its own through ‘unforced’ natural cycles like El-Niño/La-Niña. In this paper we estimated the magnitude of unforced temperature variability using historical datasets rather than the more commonly used computer climate models. We used data recorded by thermometers back to the year 1880 as well as data from “nature’s thermometers” – things like tree rings, corals, and lake sediments – that give us clues of how temperature varied naturally from the year 1000 to 1850. We found that unforced natural temperature variability is large enough to have been responsible for the decade-to-decade changes in the rate of global warming seen over the 20th century. However, the total warming over the 20th century cannot be explained by unforced variability alone and it would not have been possible without the human-caused increase in greenhouse gasses. We also found that unforced temperature variability may be the driver behind the reduced rate of global warming experienced at the beginning of the 21st century.
Are humans to blame for the heat experienced in Geneva in the summer of 2015?
Authors: Angelil Oliver
Published: January 2020

Since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, humans have been changing the chemical composition of the atmosphere by burning fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas. These gases are known to scientists as “greenhouse-gases”. Greenhouse-gases are vital to sustain life on Earth, but rapidly increasing concentrations of them can have catastrophic consequences. The word ‘catastrophic’ is perfectly fitting here, because, as will be demonstrated in this article, it is now believed our greenhouse-gas emissions play a large role in the occurrence of extreme weather events that cause billions of dollars worth of damage to infrastructure, and bring about tens of thousands of human deaths every year. We additionally explain how extremes occurring over spatial scales smaller than what climate models can resolve, such as a heatwave over the city of Geneva in Switzerland, can be attributed to human activity – the first study of its kind to use such an approach.
The impact of climate change on Australian Aboriginal hunter-gatherers and their response over the last 35,000 years.
Authors: Williams Alan N.
Published: January 2020

In a recent article, I (and my colleagues) present models of population change for key regions across Australia over the last 35,000 years. We use these models to test an archaeological method (the use of numbers of radiocarbon dates as an indicator of human behaviour), explore the relationship of Aboriginal people and climate change, and to provide a status update for Australian archaeological research. We find that the archaeological technique is reliable, albeit with well-documented caveats that the user needs to be aware of. We find a close relationship between Aboriginal population and climate change for much of the last 35,000 years, with increasing divergence of the records in the last 6,000 years as numbers of people increase and techniques were developed to survive environmental shifts. We identify key areas of future research for the Australian archaeological community, including the need to fill spatial gaps across parts of the continent, and to focus on key temporal periods where significant change in society appears evident.
The impact of climate change will hit urban dwellers first – Can green infrastructure save us?
Authors: Grote Rüdiger
Published: January 2020

Two phenomena that can cause large numbers of premature human deaths have gained attention in the last years: heat waves and air pollution. These two effects have two things in common: They are closely related to climate change and they are particularly intense in urban areas. Urban areas are particular susceptible to these impacts because they can store lots of heat and have little opportunity for cooling off (also known as the urban heat island effect). In order to mitigate these impacts and to establish an environment that protects human health and improve well-being, implementation of green infrastructure – trees, green walls, and green roofs – is commonly proposed as a remedy. More trees, hedges and lawns are intuitively welcome by people living in cities for their beautifying effects, but to which degree can such greening actually counterbalance the expected effects of climate change? In this review I would like to investigate what science can offer to answer this question.
Constraining Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rates and Chemical Timescales in Massive Hot Cores
Authors: Barger Christopher J. , Garrod Robin T.
Published: January 2020

Several studies have demonstrated that the cosmic-ray ionization rate is highly variable in the interstellar medium. However, constraints of this rate for several regions, including those that contain hot cores, are lacking. Hot cores are appealing sources to study given their rich chemical complexity. The chemistry of these cores can be influenced by both their cosmic-ray ionization rates and their warm-up timescales; however, understanding the chemical response to these parameters requires further investigation. We study these effects using the astrochemical hot-core modeling code MAGICKAL, in which we construct a grid of 81 models using nine ionization rates and nine warm-up timescales. We also simulate local thermodynamic equilibrium radiative transfer for these models to obtain results that can be directly compared with observations. We compare molecular emission of these models with observations toward NGC 6334 IRS 1, NGC 7538 IRS 1, W3(H2O), and W33A in an effort to constrain their cosmic-ray ionization rates and warm-up timescales. Our best fits to the observations suggest that these sources possess elevated cosmic-ray ionization rates, compared to the canonical value of 1.3 × 10−17 s−1 used in previous modeling studies, and rapid warm-up timescales. We also demonstrate that there exists a strong correlation between the cosmic-ray ionization rate and the total hydrogen column density of a source and a strong correlation between the warm-up timescale and total source mass. Furthermore, these relationships are in good agreement with other theoretical studies.
Modeling the Accretion Disk around the High-mass Protostar GGD 27-MM1
Authors: Añez-López N. , Osorio M. , Busquet G. , Girart J. M. , Macías E. , Carrasco-González C. , Curiel S. , Estalella R. , Fernández-López M. , Galván-Madrid R. , Kwon J. , Torrelles J. M.
Published: January 2020

Recent high angular resolution (≃40 mas) ALMA observations at 1.14 mm resolve a compact (R ≃ 200 au), flattened dust structure perpendicular to the HH 80–81 jet emanating from the GGD 27-MM1 high-mass protostar, making it a robust candidate for a true accretion disk. The jet–disk system (HH 80–81/GGD 27-MM1) resembles those found in association with low- and intermediate-mass protostars. We present radiative transfer models that fit the 1.14 mm ALMA dust image of this disk, which allow us to obtain its physical parameters and predict its density and temperature structure. Our results indicate that this accretion disk is compact (R
disk ≃ 170 au) and massive (≃5 M
⊙), at about 20% of the stellar mass of ≃20 M
⊙. We estimate the total dynamical mass of the star–disk system from the molecular line emission, finding a range between 21 and 30 M
⊙, which is consistent with our model. We fit the density and temperature structures found by our model with power-law functions. These results suggest that accretion disks around massive stars are more massive and hotter than their low-mass siblings, but they still are quite stable. We also compare the temperature distribution in the GGD 27–MM1 disk with that found in low- and intermediate-mass stars and discuss possible implications for the water snow line. We have also carried out a study of the distance based on Gaia DR2 data and the population of young stellar objects in this region and from the extinction maps. We conclude that the source distance is within 1.2 and 1.4 kpc, closer than what was derived in previous studies (1.7 kpc).
A Large-scale 12CO, 13CO, and C18O Molecular Cloud Survey in the Outer Galactic Plane over I = [129.°75, 140.°25] and b = [−5.°25, +5.°25]
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Ji , Xu Ye , Zhang Shaobo , Su Yang , Wang Hongchi , Chen Xue-Peng , Lu Deng-Rong , Sun Ji-Xian , Ju Bing-Gang , Zhang Yong-Xing , Zhou Xin , Jiang Zhi-Bo
Published: January 2020

We present the data of an unbiased J = 1–0 12CO/13CO/C18O survey of molecular clouds in the Galactic plane over l = [129.°75, 140.°25] and b = [−5.°25, +5.°25]. For the full 10.°5 × 10.°5 region sampled at 30″, there are 1,590,120 spectra for each isotopologue. The high sensitivity and large spatial dynamic range of the maps provide valuable insights into the structure, physical properties, and kinematics of the molecular gas. The new data successfully trace the most distant spiral arm, as well as the internal subfeatures of the nearby spiral arms. The combined data set of 12CO, 13CO,  and C18O  allows us to make a more accurate inventory of gas column density and mass for molecular gas within this Galactic interval than hitherto attempted. A statistical analysis reveals that a large fraction of the observed molecular gas is emitted from regions with low excitation conditions. As expected, a considerable amount of H2 mass is found to be confined to the spiral arms. Moreover, we find that the C18O emission is exclusively seen along spiral arms at current detection limits. The physical properties of molecular gas vary considerably in different spiral arms and inter-arms. We find that the column density probability density functions and the amount of relatively denser gas (traced by 13CO or C18O) appear to be closely related to the level of massive star formation activity within the molecular gas. The high-quality data also reveal that the warp and flare of the Galactic plane become obvious beyond the Perseus arm in this Galactic longitude range.
Philosophies of Stem Designs in Cemented Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Verdonschot Nico
Published: January 2020

abstract

Stem designs, which have different design features, may produce similar clinical survival curves. Alternatively, some designs that are considered to be similar in design produce different survival rates. In this paper, design aspects of cemented femoral total hip replacement stems, how they can be grouped to design philosophies, and how they may affect the failure process are discussed. In addition, explanations of unsuccessful designs are posed to learn from previous mistakes and improve understanding of design aspects that affect the longevity of cemented femoral stem designs.
Comparison of hazard models with and without consideration of competing risks to assess the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on locoregional recurrence among breast cancer patients
Authors: Pathak Mona , Deo Surya Narayana V. S. , Dwivedi Sada Nand , Vishnubhatla Sreenivas , Thakur Bhaskar
Published: January 2020

Context:

While analyzing locoregional recurrences (LRRs), it is necessary to consider distant metastasis as a competing event. Because, later one is more fatal than LRR. It may change ongoing treatment of breast cancer and may alter the chance of LRR. Although some earlier studies assessed the effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) on LRR, they did not use competing risk regression model for it.

Aims:

To identify the risk factors and predict LRR using competing risk hazard model and to compare them with those using conventional hazard model.

Settings and Design:

This was a retrospective study from a tertiary care cancer hospital in India.

Subjects and Methods:

Data of 2114 breast cancer patients undergoing surgery were used from patient's record files (1993–2014).

Statistical Analysis:

Fine and Gray competing risk regression was used to model time from surgery to LRR, considering distant metastasis and death as the competing events. Further, cause-specific Cox regression was used to model time from surgery to LRR without considering competing risk.

Results:

Greater than ten positive nodes (hazard ratio [HR] [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 2.19 [1.18–4.03]), skin involvement (HR [95% CI]: 2.75 [1.50–5.05]), NACT (HR [95% CI]: 1.90 [1.06–3.40]), invasive tumor in inner quadrant (HR [95% CI]: 1.78 [0.98–3.24]), and postoperative radiotherapy (HR [95% CI]: 0.52 [0.29–0.94]) were found to be significantly associated with LRR. However, conventional survival analysis ignoring competing risk overestimated cumulative incidence function and underestimated survival. Competing risk regression provided relatively more precise CI.

Conclusions:

Competing risks, if any, need to be incorporated in the survival analysis. NACT was found to be associated with higher risk for LRR, which may be because of administering it mainly to patients with bad prognosis.
State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Greece (EL)
Authors: Markantonatou Stella , Giouli Voula
Published: January 2020

The authors report on a recent survey on monolingual dictionaries available on the Greek market. General dictionaries outnumber spelling and educational ones and enjoy a prestigious status. Only one general dictionary is digitally born and only two are available through the web, but several are available as CDs. Most of the prestigious dictionaries have received public funding but not all. Lexicography is well considered in Greece where printed dictionaries seem to still have the lead.
Spatial and temporal variability in the ice-nucleating ability of alpine snowmelt and extension to frozen cloud fraction
Authors: Brennan Killian P. , David Robert O. , Borduas-Dedekind Nadine
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) produce ice from supercooled water droplets
through heterogeneous freezing in the atmosphere. INPs have often been
collected at the Jungfraujoch research station (at 3500 m a.s.l.) in central Switzerland; yet spatially diverse data on INP occurrence in the Swiss Alps are scarce and remain uncharacterized. We address this scarcity through our Swiss alpine snow sample study which took place during the winter of 2018. We collected a total of 88 fallen snow samples across the Alps at 17 different locations and investigated the impact of altitude, terrain, time since last snowfall and depth upon freezing temperatures. The INP concentrations were measured using the home-built DRoplet Ice Nuclei Counter Zurich (DRINCZ) and were then compared to spatial, temporal and
physicochemical parameters. Boxplots of the freezing temperatures showed
large variability in INP occurrence, even for samples collected 10 m apart
on a plain and 1 m apart in depth. Furthermore, undiluted samples had
cumulative INP concentrations ranging between 1 and 200 INP mL−1 of
snowmelt over a temperature range of −5 to −19 ∘C. From this
field-collected dataset, we parameterized the cumulative INP concentrations
per cubic meter of air as a function of temperature with the following equation cair*(T)=e-0.7T-7.05, comparing well
with previously reported precipitation data presented in Petters and Wright (2015). When assuming (1) a snow precipitation origin of the INPs, (2) a cloud water content of 0.4 g m−3 and (3) a critical INP concentration for
glaciation of 10 m−3, the majority of the snow precipitated from clouds with glaciation temperatures between −5 and −20 ∘C. Based on the observed variability in INP concentrations, we conclude that studies conducted at the high-altitude research station Jungfraujoch are
representative for INP measurements in the Swiss Alps. Furthermore, the INP
concentration estimates in precipitation allow us to extrapolate the
concentrations to a frozen cloud fraction. Indeed, this approach for
estimating the liquid water-to-ice ratio in mixed-phase clouds compares well
with aircraft measurements, ground-based lidar and satellite retrievals of
frozen cloud fractions. In all, the generated parameterization for INP
concentrations in snowmelt could help estimate cloud glaciation
temperatures.
A miniature Portable Emissions Measurement System (PEMS) for real-driving monitoring of motorcycles
Authors: Vojtisek-Lom Michal , Zardini Alessandro A. , Pechout Martin , Dittrich Lubos , Forni Fausto , Montigny François , Carriero Massimo , Giechaskiel Barouch , Martini Giorgio
Published: January 2020

Abstract. We present an exploratory study carried out with a new miniature portable emission measurement system (Mini-PEMS) specifically designed at the Technical University of Liberec (CZ) for applications on 2-wheeler vehicles owing to its reduced size (45 x 30 x 20 cm) and weight (≈ 15 kg). It measures the exhaust gas concentrations of hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide and dioxide with non-dispersive infrared method, nitrogen mono- and di-oxides and oxygen using an electrochemical cell. In addition, the instrument acquires the engine speed, the manifold absolute pressure, the inlet and exhaust gas temperature, the geo-localization and vehicle speed. The exhaust mass flow rate is calculated from engine and emission data. The Mini-PEMS was validated on three 2-wheelers (1 moped and 2 motorcycles) against laboratory-grade instrumentation in the Vehicle Emissions Laboratory of the European Commission in terms of measured concentrations, exhaust flow, fuel consumption and mass emission of pollutants. The mean absolute deviations of gas concentrations were 8 % for HC, 8 % for CO, 13 % for NOx and 2 % for CO2 while the mass emissions (which include the exhaust flow determination uncertainty) were 7 % for HC, 7 % for CO, 9 % for NOx and 5 % for CO2. An agreement of 2 % was achieved between the fuel consumption measured in the laboratory and calculated by the Mini-PEMS. As an application, the instrument was tested on board of the vehicles during on-road trips. The emissions measured on-road were consistent among repeated runs, with differences between laboratory and on-road tests much larger than those between Mini-PEMS and laboratory. We found similar or larger HC and NOx real-driving emissions, larger CO from motorcycles and smaller for the moped. Considering its size and weight, the Mini-PEMS proved to be an efficient tool for vehicle monitoring, research and development and could be tested for in-service monitoring applications related to carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides emissions. A tentative approach to characterize particulate mass and particle number was presented and compared to the existing non-volatile particle number protocol.
NATURAL RUBBER NANOCOMPOSITES BASED ON NEW FIBROUS NANOFILLERS WITH IMPROVED BARRIER PROPERTIES FOR USE IN TIRE INNERLINER APPLICATIONS
Authors: Surya K. P. , Bhattacharya Sanjay , Mukhopadhyay Rabindra , Naskar Kinsuk , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: January 2020

Hybrid nanocomposites were prepared by predispersion of new nanofibers such as aramid nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, silicon carbide nanofibers (SiC), cellulose nanofibers, and graphite nanofibers in natural rubber (NR) latex prior to melt mixing in an internal mixer to ensure the exquisite dispersion of nanofibers in NR. The competency of these nanofibers in reinforcing NR as well as enhancing its barrier properties has not been widely investigated. The fabricated nanocomposites showed enhanced curing as well as mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties. Morphology of the composites was analyzed through electron microscopy. The increase in tortuosity created by the presence of the hybrid filler system consisting of carbon black and nanofibers was studied using permeability models. At higher tearing energies, it was seen that the nanofiber-reinforced composites showed comparable crack growth properties; however, at lower energies, the fabricated composites exhibited higher crack propagation rates compared with the control compound when studied using a tear fatigue analyzer. The improved mechanical, dynamic mechanical, and barrier properties along with comparable fatigue crack growth properties offer an opportunity to apply these systems in high-end applications such as a thinner tire inner liner with a higher NR blend ratio, which can result in improved processability and reduced hysteresis, fuel consumption, and cost.
“Pulpit and Pew”: African American Humor on Irreverent Religious Participation in John H. Johnson's Negro Digest, 1943–1950
Authors: Booker Vaughn A.
Published: January 2020

This article examines religious humor in the “Pulpit and Pew” series of the midcentury monthly magazine Negro Digest. By entertaining the recurring link in African American Protestant traditions between religion and irreverence, this study of “Pulpit and Pew” examines the mode of religious affiliation that I characterize as irreverent religious participation. This literary humor provided relatable scenes and scenarios in Afro-Protestant life as the source materials for humor about African American religious thought and practice. With the “Pulpit and Pew” series of compiled jokes, irreverent religious humor reflected the reality of African American social practices and, in turn, provided levity that lessened the association of an ostensibly pious individual's religious devotion with an irreproachable moral status. “Pulpit and Pew” demonstrates that many African Americans with religious commitments have appreciated irreverent religious humor that may register as antireligious without necessarily rejecting all things associated with religious fidelity.
Statewide Adoption of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct: A Review of Recent AICPA Disciplinary Actions
Authors: Baranek Devon , Kinory Ethan
Published: January 2020

This study reviews the AICPA disciplinary process and examines a recent sample of disciplinary actions taken against practitioners for ethics violations. Trends related to enforcement and disclosure of actions are inspected and additional details are provided based on state codes of conduct. We consider the effects of uniform statewide adoption of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct for CPAs, as recently encouraged by the AICPA and NASBA. We find 43% of state accounting boards have formally adopted the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct, 35% have not adopted the Code and 22% have partially adopted the Code. The three states with the highest number of disciplinary actions are New York, California and Texas, none of which have adopted the Code. Of the top ten states with the greatest number of enforcement actions, only two have formally adopted the Code. The most common type of investigation in the sample is an automatic disciplinary provision by the AICPA. Dispositions for violations appear to be getting more severe, with admonishments declining and settlements, terminations and suspensions taking its place.
Compliance with Continuing Professional Development (IES7) of Internal Auditor and Quality of Internal Audit Function
Authors: ALfrijat Yaser Saleh
Published: January 2020

This paper aims to highlight the importance of compliance with continuing professional development (CPD) of internal auditors and its relationship to the quality of internal audit. The study utilised a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), which emphasise on the analyses of regression and variance by distributing a questionnaire to the study sample of internal auditors in four countries (Jordan, Lebanon, Qatar and Kuwait), and the number of samples valid for statistical analysis reached 104. The paper has reached positive results regarding the importance of CPD in improving the quality of the internal audit, focused on the continuous follow-up to changes related to income and sales tax law, international financial reporting standards (IFRS), International Accounting Standards (IAS), and International Auditing Standards (IAS). Besides, modern Computer and Technological Applications in Internal audit practices and audit ethics. The results also indicated that CPD represents in professional skills is the development of skills to detect and combat theft and fraud, critical thinking skills of analyzed data. Original/Value, the CPD is the impulse by which internal auditors continue to learn new technical knowledge and skills that support them in professional work, to make them more qualified and developed in terms of knowledge and the skills needed within the labour markets.
Wetland River Flow Interaction in a Sedimentary Formation of the White Volta Basin of Ghana
Authors: Nyarko Benjamin Kofi
Published: January 2020

Groundwater resources in the floodplain wetlands of the White Volta River basin of Ghana is a major source of water for irrigation activities of communities living around and baseflow to sustain the flow of the river. Hydrology of the floodplain wetlands in the basin is complex, characterized by temporally variable storage volumes with erratic contribution to streamflow. For the continual usage of groundwater resources in the floodplains there is a need to study the form of interaction between the main river and floodplain wetlands. The study, adopted the PM-WIN (MODFLOW) model for simulating the interaction between the wetland and stream. Additionally, the lower boundary discharge output from the HYDRUS-1D model is the estimated recharge. This input quantifies the temporal and spatial variations in sub-surfaces discharges in the floodplain wetland. The simulation of the sub-surface hydraulic head of the wetland indicates a systematic variation relative to the White Volta River response to changes in the rainfall pattern. The interaction conditions vary from season to season with March, April, and May showing the least leakage (estimated values of 0.03 mm/day, 0.06 mm/day, and 0.15 mm/day, respectively) from the river into the floodplain wetland. Notably, the interaction between the wetland and the river as simulated is bidirectional. With most of the flow coming out from the river into the floodplain wetland, this condition persists in the months of August and September.
Assessment of Environmental Geochemistry of Lead-Zinc Mining at Ishiagu Area, Lower Benue Trough, Southeastern Nigeria
Authors: P.O. Odika, , O.L. Anike, , A.G. Onwuemesi, , N.F. Odika, , R.B. Ejeckam,
Published: January 2020

Mining activities have long been recognized as a major source of environmental contamination associated with heavy metals and metalloids. This study evaluated the relationship between the occurrence and mining of lead-zinc sulphide ores at Ishiagu, Nigeria, and heavy metal and metalloid contamination. A comparative study of two zones in the area, with and without mining activities was also made Water, soil, stream sediment and ore samples were analyzed, after acid digestion, using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS).  The concentration levels of seven heavy metals and a metalloid namely Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn, Mn, Co, Cd and as were evaluated. While the highest concentration levels of As, Co and Pb (5.20 mg/l, 0.54 mg/l and 3.40 mg/l respectively) were found in water, those of Ni and Mn (2.26 mg/l and 5.48 mg/l respectively) occurred in soil.  For Cu and Zn, highest levels of concentration (2.80 mg/l and 0.41 mg/l respectively) occurred in stream sediments. The variations in the concentration levels of these elements in varying geologic media (soil, water and sediment) indicate influence of rock types, human activities and media physiochemical characteristics. Geostatistical analyses using QQPlot, semivariogram and kriging showed normal distribution of these elements. Distribution and dispersion patterns of the heavy metals indicated increase in concentration levels in the local stream flow direction. Pb, Cu, As, Cd, Mn, and Ni concentrations had reached pollutant levels in water based on WHO standards, while Zn level is below. Since the local people use untreated surface water and groundwater for drinking and other domestic purposes, soil for farming and lead for cosmetics, long term exposure poses significant health risk for humans, animals and plants.
ORCID: Once again checking that auto-update is blocked
Authors: Meddings Kirsty
Published: January 2020

The blocking system refreshes every 8 hours
To spenner fra samme hånd? Folkevandringstidens relieffspenner i detalj
Authors: Pedersen Unn , Kristoffersen Elna Siv
Published: January 2020

Two brooches from the same hand? A detailed study of Migration Period relief brooches “From the same hand” is a phrase repeatedly used in studies of Migration Period brooches. We explore if it is possible to establish whether the same hand produced two strikingly similar, but yet different, relief brooches from Sogn and Fjordane. Building on current knowledge on manufacture, a hypothetical sequence of variation is set forward, before comparing the two items in detail. Striking similarities in the layout could be explained by reuse of a tool when making the second brooch, or mechanical copying. Minor differences are most likely the result of final adjustment of one or both of the wax models used to produce the clay mould. Due to slightly different signatures in the final touches on the model, we conclude, in contrast to earlier research, that the two brooches are from different hands. However, the most striking decorative elements, three masks and the disc on the bow, are individually made, thus at first glance the two brooches look more different than they actually are. To explore the seemingly deliberate combination of similarities and differences is a topic for future research.
Årsrapport norsk arkeologisk selskap
Authors: Norsk arkeologisk selskap NAS
Published: January 2020

Årsrapport
Emoções em português do Brasil: um conjunto de dados e resultados de base
Authors: Nascimento Gabriel , Duarte Fellipe , Guedes Gustavo Paiva
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta um novo conjunto de dados para análise de sentimentos em português do Brasil. Os textos foram extráıdos de uma rede social brasileira denominada Meu Querido Diário. Nessa rede social, os usuários frequentemente compartilham sentimentos e emoções associados ao dia-a-dia. O principal diferencial deste conjunto de dados é que, nessa rede social, o próprio usuário pode informar a emoção associadaá sua entrada. Foram realizados experimentos preliminares com alguns modelos de classificação, criando os primeiros resultados de base. O modelo que obteve melhor resultado foi o SVM com kernel linear utilizando bigramas.
Uma Plataforma Computacional para a Construção de Bancos de Dados para Experimentos de Neurociência
Authors: Braghetto Kelly Rosa , Rocha Evandro Santos , Ribas Carlos Eduardo , Dos Santos Cassiano Reinert Novais , Rabaça Sueli dos Santos , Olazar Margarita Ruiz
Published: January 2020

Open scientific data is fundamental to support better quality and higher impact reproducible science. The creation of open scientific databases involves a number of challenges, such as the creation of standardized representations of data and metadata from different domains of knowledge, as well as the development of computational resources to assist scientists in collecting and maintaining high-quality data. This paper presents a free software computational platform for the management and sharing of data from Neuroscience experiments. This platform allows to register data and metadata of experiments in a safe and user-friendly way, integrating data records of different types, such as clinical, electrophysiological and behavioral.
Rumo à Otimização de Operadores sobre UDF no Spark
Authors: Ferreira João Antonio , Porto Fábio , Coutinho Rafaelli , Ogasawara Eduardo
Published: January 2020

A análise de dados em larga escala tem ganhado muita importância na comunidade científica devido ao fenômeno do Big Data. Neste contexto, funções definidas pelo usuário (UDF) são, comumente, implementadas em frameworks como Apache Spark para viabilizar a análise de dados em larga escala. No entanto, o uso de UDF traz desafios no processo de otimização de execução pois são opacas. Este trabalho propõe um método de otimização de workflows de análise de dados apoiadas em UDF sobre o Apache Spark. Tal método é baseado na API Catalyst do SparkSQL e em macros da linguagem Scala.
Engineering Augmented Suffix Sorting Algorithms
Authors: Louza Felipe A. , Telles Guilherme P. , Gog Simon
Published: January 2020

Strings are prevalent in Computer Science and algorithms for their efficient processing are fundamental in various applications. The results introduced in this work contribute with theoretical improvements and practical advances in building full-text indexes. Our first contribution is an in-place algorithm that computes the Burrows-Wheeler transform and the longest common prefix (LCP) array. Our second contribution is the construction of the suffix array augmented with the LCP array in optimal time and space for strings from constant size alphabets. Our third contribution is a set of algorithms to construct full-text indexes for string collections in optimal theoretical bounds. This work is an extended abstract of the Ph.D. thesis of the first author.
Probabilistic data structures applied to implicit graph representation
Authors: Lopes Juan P. A. , Oliveira Fabiano S. , Pinto Paulo E. D.
Published: January 2020

In recent years, probabilistic data structures have been extensively employed to handle large volumes of streaming data in a timely fashion. However, their use in algorithms on giant graphs has been poorly explored. We introduce the concept of probabilistic implicit graph representation, which can represent large graphs using much less memory asymptotically by allowing adjacency test to have a constant probability of false positives or false negatives. This is an extension from the concept of implicit graph representation, comprehensively studied by Muller and Spinrad. Based on that, we also introduce two novel representations using probabilistic data structures. The first uses Bloom filters to represent general graphs with the same space complexity as the adjacency matrix (outperforming it however for sparse graphs). The other uses MinHash to represent trees with lower space complexity than any deterministic implicit representation. Furthermore, we prove some theoretical limitations for the latter approach.
Improving Software Middleboxes and Datacenter Task Schedulers
Authors: Sadok Hugo , Campista Miguel Elias M. , Costa Luis Henrique M. K.
Published: January 2020

Shared systems have contributed to the popularity ofmany technolo- gies. However, these systems often confront a common challenge: to ensure that resources are fairly divided without compromising utilization efficiency. In this master’s thesis we look at this problem in two distinct systems—software mid- dleboxes and datacenter task schedulers. We first present Sprayer, a system that uses packet spraying to load balance packets to cores in software middleboxes. Our design eliminates the imbalance problems of per-flow solutions and ad- dresses the new challenges ofhandling shared flow states that come with packet spraying. Then, we present Stateful Dominant Resource Fairness (SDRF), a task scheduling policy for datacenters that looks at past allocations and en- forces fairness in the long run. SDRF reduces users’ waiting time on average and improves fairness by increasing the number of completed tasks for users with lower demands, with small impact on high-demand users
Elephant: uma aplicação móvel de estímulo cognitivo para pacientes de Alzheimer
Authors: Júnior Mirlandio , Oliveira Miguel , Martins Marcia , Silva Emmerson
Published: January 2020

A Doença de Alzheimer é uma doença demencial que acomete cerca de 50 milhões de pessoas, e é caracterizada pela perda gradual de memória e outras capacidades intelectuais. Este artigo apresenta uma aplicação móvel que estimula a prática de exercícios para desenvolver aspectos cognitivos, como raciocínio lógico e memória, além de atividades físicas. A aplicação ainda em desenvolvimento terá sua eficácia testada com um grupo de pacientes voluntários e seus médicos responsáveis em uma instituição municipal de cuidados ao idoso.
Um Estudo dos Dados Governamentais Abertos do Estado de Alagoas
Authors: Costa Marcos , Pedrosa Taígo , Pimenta Enio , Medeiros Leonardo
Published: January 2020

O acesso à informação pública é essencial para a transparência das ações de governo. A transparência orçamentária é fator chave para um melhor acompanhamento dos gastos públicos e participação efetiva da população brasileira nos mesmos [Beluzo and Craveiro 2014]. No Brasil, já estão definidas leis que obrigam a publicação de dados orçamentários nos portais de transparência pública, permitindo o surgimento de aplicações civis que facilitam o acesso a informação dos dados abertos governamentais. Neste estudo, estão sendo tratadas dificuldades já identificadas: a manipulação dos dados aberto, a falta de metadados e a perda semântica do modelo Entidade-Relacionamento sobre o esquema de dados.
Método de pontos interiores para estimar os parâmetros de um modelo probabilístico usando o corpus Thyco Brahe
Authors: Lopez Esther S. Mamián , Oliveira Aurelio Ribeiro Leite
Published: January 2020

Nos anos recentes têm acontecido um importante crescimento no interesse sobre os métodos estatísticos para processamento de linguagens e as diferentes aplicações que se derivam. Propomos um método de pontos interiores barreira logarítmica primal-dual para abordar o problema de atribuir valores ótimos de probabilidadeás regras de uma gramática probabilística livre de contexto (GPLC) baseados no corpus da linguagem portuguesa Tycho Brahe [IEL-UNICAMP and IME-USP ].
Half Cuts em Grafos Bipartidos Completos
Authors: Sucupira Rubens A. , Klein Sulamita , Faria Luerbio
Published: January 2020

Um grafo é Half Cut se admite um corte de arestas de cardinalidade d m2 e. É sabido que grafos graciosos são Half Cut e os grafos bipartidos completos são graciosos. Neste artigo damos uma prova alternativa de que os grafos bipartidos completos são Half Cut, exibindo um corte de arestas de cardinalidade d m2 e.
Diperfect Digraphs
Authors: Sambinelli M. , Da Silva C. N. , Lee O.
Published: January 2020

Let D be a digraph. A path partition P of D is a collection of paths such that {V (P ) : P 2 P } is a partition of V (D). We say D is ↵ -diperfect if for every maximum stable set S of D there exists a path partition P of D such that |S \ V (P )| = 1 for all P 2 P and this property holds for every induced subdigraph of D. A digraph C is an anti-directed odd cycle if (i) the underlying graph of C is a cycle x1x2 · · · x2k+1x1, where k 2, (ii) the longest path in C has length 2, and (iii) each of the vertices x1, x2, x3, x4, x6, x8, . . . , x2k is either a source or a sink. Berge (1982) conjectured that a digraph D is ↵ -diperfect if, and only if, D contains no induced anti-directed odd cycle. In this work, we verify this conjecture for digraphs whose underlying graph is series-parallel and for in-semicomplete digraphs.
Algoritmos eficientes para emparelhamentos desconexos em grafos cordais e grafos bloco
Authors: Masquio Bruno , Pinto Paulo , Szwarcfiter Jayme
Published: January 2020

Graph matching problems are well studied and bring great contributions to Graph Theory from both the theoretical and practical points of view. There are numerous studies for unrestricted and weighted/unweighted matchings. More recently, subgraph-restricted matchings have been proposed, which consider properties of the subgraph induced by the vertices of the matching. In this paper, we approach one of these new proposals, disconnected matching, which seeks to study maximum matching, such that the subgraph induced by the matching vertices is disconnected. We have described efficient algorithms to solve the problem for chordal graphs and block graphs based on a theoretical characterization.
Coloração equilibrada de grafos n-Star-Clique
Authors: Guedes Matheus , Dos Santos Vinicius
Published: January 2020

Nesse artigo investigamos o problema de coloração equilibrada para grafos unipolares, uma superclasse de grafos split. Em particular, apresentamos um algoritmo baseado em fluxo máximo que soluciona esse problema em tempo polinomial, generalizando o resultado previamente conhecido para grafos split.
Um esquema de aproximação para um problema de empacotamento com cenários
Authors: Borges Yulle , De Queiroz Thiago , Lima Vinícius , Miyazawa Flavio , Pedrosa Lehilton
Published: January 2020

Investigamos um problema de empacotamento onde cada item possui um peso e está associado a um ou mais cenários e todos os recipientes têm uma capacidade fixa. Um empacotamento é uma atribuição de itens a recipientes de maneira que o peso total dos itens alocados a um recipiente para um mesmo cenário não ultrapasse a capacidade do recipiente. O objetivo do problema é encontrar um empacotamento de todos os itens em recipientes, de maneira a minimizar o número máximo de recipientes usados em qualquer cenário. Apre- sentamos um esquema de aproximação assintótico quando o número de cenários é limitado por uma constante.
Um Modelo de Predição de Mortalidade em Unidades de Terapia Intensiva Baseado em Deep Learning
Authors: Schmidt Diogo , Da Silva Denise Bandeira , Da Costa Cristiano André , Righi Rodrigo da Rosa
Published: January 2020

The usage of Deep Learning techniques has become even more frequent in medical research due to the possibilities that it offers to improve the quality of Clinical Decision Support. Several conventional prognostic models have been used in Intensive Care Units (ICU) to evaluate the risk of death. However, those models still cannot accurately predict that risk. For this reason, the aim of this article is to offer a model based on Deep Learning to predict the risk of mortality, especially in the fields of intensive care medicine, in order to make healthcare more efficient. The model consists of a Convolutional Neural Network that is divided into five stages, which contain nine hidden layers. In the proposed model we use quantitative methods in its processes. An experimental approach is given when comparing the predictive power of the proposed model to one of the most used models for predictions in ICU, the APACHE II. The data used were extracted from medical records available in the Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care III (MIMIC III) database. In order to evaluate the performance of the models, measures of accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and Area Under the ROC Curve (AUC) were used. After comparing the performance of the proposed model to the APACHE II, the proposed model presented positive results as it reached an AUC of more than 0,80, whereas the APACHE II reached an AUC of 0,71.
Previsão de ocupação de anuros usando sensoriamento de variáveis ambientais e modelos Autocodificadores
Authors: Silva Nabson , Colonna Juan , Cristo Marco
Published: January 2020

Neste trabalho apresentamos um modelo de previsão da distribuição geográfica de anuros baseado em uma Rede Neural Autocodificadora. O problema de previsão é tratado como uma tarefa de classificação One-Class, em que a localização conhecida dos indivı́duos é representada através de suas coordenadas espaciais, temporais e variáveis meteorológicas correlacionadas. O modelo mostrou alto grau de acuidade quando utilizado para prever a ocorrência de sapos da espécie Bufo Americanus no sul do Canadá. O método proposto é computacionalmente leve e pode ser acoplado a redes de sensores para monitoramento ambiental.
Algoritmo para redução de dados em redes de sensores baseado em Teoria da Informação
Authors: Júnior Givanildo , Freitas Cristopher , Rosso Osvaldo , Aquino André
Published: January 2020

Este trabalho propõe um algoritmo de redução do fluxo de dados baseado no comportamento de séries temporais no plano Complexidade-Entropia para redes de sensores sem fio (RSSF). A variação da dinâmica do sistema é identificada em tempo real através de um delimitador construı́do dentro do plano, denominado Ponto de Corte de Complexidade Máxima. Assim, podemos determinar em quais instantes se deve atualizar o intervalo de amostragem, de modo a maximizar a complexidade estatı́stica da amostra de dados resultante. Este método foi aplicado a uma base de dados caóticos e os resultados obtidos foram comparados com os de outros algoritmos de amostragem, apresentando melhor desempenho nas métricas de estatı́stica avaliadas.
PRISER: Sistema para Gerenciamento de Notificações com Suporte a Privacidade de Dados
Authors: Silva Luis , Leithardt Valderi , Parreira Wemerson , Geyer Cláudio
Published: January 2020

Com o crescente número de dispositivos móveis que recebem notificações diariamente, é necessário gerenciar a variedade de informações produzidas. Novos dispositivos inteligentes são desenvolvidos todos os dias com a capacidade de gerar, enviar e exibir mensagens sobre seus status, dados obtidos e informações relativas a outros dispositivos. Consequentemente, o número de notificações recebidas por um usuário está aumentando e a tolerância a elas pode diminuir em pouco tempo. Com isso, se faz necessário o desenvolvimento de um sistema de gerenciamento e controles de notificações. Para tanto, este artigo propõe um sistema de gerenciamento de notificações e gerenciamento de alertas focado em ambientes e perfil de usuários, aplicando critérios de privacidade dos dados, fundamentado em uma arquitetura denominada PRISER, composta por três módulos que foram testados com uso dispositivos móveis.
Smart Glove Deployment for End-to-End Experimenting Palmar Pressure Assessments using Wearable IoT Technologies
Authors: Júnior Halysson , Veloso Artur , Sobral José , Rabêlo Ricardo , Rodrigues Joel , Rodrigues Antônio
Published: January 2020

Nas avaliações funcionais (FE), a falta de equipamentos tecnológicos para experimentos de preensão manual de mão cria dificuldades em oferecer feedback aos fisioterapeutas, como a quantidade ideal de força a ser aplicada em cada experimento de preensão. Como resultado, um protótipo inicial para estudar a quantidade de força envolvida nesses experimentos foi criado. O hardware tem comunicação sem fio interagindo com um aplicativo móvel. No atual estado da arte, existe uma arquitetura de baixo custo de operação e produção de hardware, possibilitando seu uso e adesão em estudos terapêuticos com demanda tecnológica. Para identificar a força de preensão, foram utilizados sensores piezoresistivos como sensores de toque na ponta dos dedos. O hardware é equipado com recursos para receber e armazenar dados on-line de cada experimento, enviando os resultados para a nuvem e fornecendo acesso a dados históricos. Experimentos foram realizados para determinar a viabilidade e desempenho de cada sensor de ponta do dedo. Os resultados mostram que a luva inteligente pode detectar a força de preensão e comunicar os dados sem problemas.