bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular risk factors among young and middle-aged Brazilians. Cross-sectional study
Authors: Goulart Alessandra Carvalho , Armani Favius , Arap Astrid Marie , Nejm Thais , Andrade Juliana Barros , Bufarah Henry Bittar , Dezen Danielli Haddad Syllos
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: It has been suggested in the literature that periodontal disease (PD) is associated with cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to appraise the relationship between periodontal disease (gingivitis and periodontitis) and traditional cardiovascular risk factors (obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes and metabolic syndrome) among young and middle-aged adults attended at a health promotion and check-up center in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at the Health Promotion and Check-up Center of Hospital Sírio-Libanês, São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: We consecutively evaluated 539 subjects without prior cardiovascular disease who were seen within a health promotion program that included cardiovascular and dental evaluation between February and November 2012. Odds ratios (OR) with respective 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the association between PD and cardiovascular risk factors were ascertained through multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS: In this sample of mean age 45 years (standard deviation, SD ± 8.8), which was 82% male, we found PD in 63.2% (gingivitis 50.6% and periodontitis 12.6%). Individuals with PD were older, more obese (without PD 15.2%; versus gingivitis 22.1% and periodontitis 32.4%) and more diabetic (without PD 5.1%; versus gingivitis 4.8% and periodontitis 13.2%), compared with those without PD. Among all cardiovascular risk factors evaluated, obesity was associated with periodontitis (multivariate OR, 2.36; 95% CI, 1.23-4.52). However, after additional adjustment for oral hygiene, this finding was no longer significant (multivariate OR, 1.63; 95% CI, 0.79-3.37). CONCLUSIONS: We did not find any significant associations between cardiovascular risk factors and periodontal disease in this sample.
What do Cochrane systematic reviews say about non-pharmacological interventions for treating cognitive decline and dementia?
Authors: Vilela Vitória Carvalho , Pacheco Rafael Leite , Latorraca Carolina Oliveira Cruz , Pachito Daniela Vianna , Riera Rachel
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Dementia is a highly prevalent condition worldwide. Its chronic and progressive presentation has an impact on physical and psychosocial characteristics and on public healthcare. Our aim was to summarize evidence from Cochrane reviews on non-pharmacological treatments for cognitive disorders and dementia. DESIGN AND SETTING: Review of systematic reviews, conducted in the Discipline of Evidence-Based Medicine, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo. METHODS: Cochrane reviews on non-pharmacological interventions for cognitive dysfunctions and/or type of dementia were included. For this, independent assessments were made by two authors. RESULTS: Twenty-four reviews were included. These showed that carbohydrate intake and validation therapy may be beneficial for cognitive disorders. For dementia, there is a potential benefit from physical activity programs, cognitive training, psychological treatments, aromatherapy, light therapy, cognitive rehabilitation, cognitive stimulation, hyperbaric oxygen therapy in association with donepezil, functional analysis, reminiscence therapy, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, structured decision-making on feeding options, case management approaches, interventions by non-specialist healthcare workers and specialized care units. No benefits were found in relation to enteral tube feeding, acupuncture, Snoezelen stimulation, respite care, palliative care team and interventions to prevent wandering behavior. CONCLUSION: Many non-pharmacological interventions for patients with cognitive impairment and dementia have been studied and potential benefits have been shown. However, the strength of evidence derived from these studies was considered low overall, due to the methodological limitations of the primary studies.
Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss
Authors: Pandini J. A. , Pinto F. G. S. , Scur M. C. , Santana C. B. , Costa W. F. , Temponi L. G.
Published: July 2017

Abstract The essential oils are extracted from plant compounds and can present activities antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. The goals of the present study were: (a) to determine the chemical composition of the essential oil of Guarea kunthiana A. Juss using the method of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS); (b) to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of this oil using the broth microdilution method against different microorganisms: five Gram-negative bacteria, four Gram-positive bacteria and a yeast and (c) to determine the antioxidant activity of the oil using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical assay. The GC-MS analyses allowed identifying 13 constituents, representing 96.52% of the essencial oil composition. The main compounds identified were α-zingiberene (34.48%), β-sesquiphellandrene (22.90%), and α-curcumene (16.17%). With respect to the antimicrobial activity, the essential oil was effective against all the microorganisms tested, except for the bacteria E. coli and K. pneumoniae, which were resistant to the action of the oil. From a general point of view, Gram-positive bacteria were more susceptible to the action of the essential oil than Gram-negative bacteria. The essential oil exhibited antioxidant potential.
Mosquito species occurrence in association with landscape composition in green urban areas
Authors: Montagner F. R. G. , Silva O. S. , Jahnke S. M.
Published: July 2017

Abstract Aedes aegypti prefers densely populated habitats, but has been shown to explore less anthropogenic environments. We investigated composition of the abundance of mosquitoes in forested areas and assessed relationships between species occurrences and different types of land use and land cover at three spatial scales (100m, 500m and 1000m). Mosquitoes were collected from October 2012 to March 2013 using oviposition traps. We collected 4,179 mosquitoes in total including at least 10 species. Aedes albopictus and Limatus durhami were eudominant species, representing 90% of all collected individuals. We found intraspecific differences in response to land use and land cover, and species response patterns were similar at all spatial scales. Ae. albopictus relative abundance was associated with urbanized areas, while Li. durhami, Haemagogus leucocelaenus and Toxorhynchites sp., abundances were associated with native forest. Aedes aegypti were found in five of the eight areas studied, including in an Atlantic forest fragment at a considerable distance from the forest edge (370 m). Aedes aegypti occurrence was not influenced by type of land use or land cover.
Protein from Hevea brasiliensis “Hev b 13” latex attenuates systemic inflammatory response and lung lesions in rats with sepsis
Authors: Araújo L. A. , Melo-Reis P. R. , Mrue F. , Gomes C. M. , Oliveira M. A. P. , Silva H. M. , Alves M. M. , Silva-Júnior N. J.
Published: July 2017

Abstract Sepsis induces a severe systemic inflammatory response that may result in multiple organ dysfunction and death. Studies using a protein derived from natural Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) latex, denominated Hev b 13, have demonstrated important anti-inflammatory effects, but no data have been published regarding its effects on sepsis. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Hev b 13 on the inflammatory response and lung lesions of septal rats. Male Wistar rats were submitted to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP), randomized into groups and treated with subcutaneously administered doses of 0.5/2.0/3.0 mg/Kg of Hev b 13. Next, animals were subdivided into three different points in time (1, 6 and 24 hours after treatments) for collection of blood samples and euthanasia accompanied by organ removal. Total and differential leukocyte counts, cytokine dosage and histological assessment were analyzed. Treatment with Hev b 13 resulted in a significant decline in total and differential leukocytes as well as suppression of TNF-α and IL-6 production, associated with the increase in IL-10 and IL-4 in plasma and lung tissue. Moreover, it reduced morphological and pathological changes found in the lungs, including neutrophil infiltration, edema and alveolar thickening. The present study concluded that Hev b 13 exerts anti-inflammatory effects and attenuates lung lesions in septal rats, showing potential for clinical application.
A contribution for the limnological knowledge of basaltic knickzones
Authors: Brambilla E. M. , Ruocco A. M. C. , Nogueira M. G.
Published: July 2017

Abstract The knickzones are defined as locally steep riverbed segments, such as a convex reach in a concave-up longitudinal profile. They are worldwide distributed and geologically well studied, but despite their distinctiveness as a particular kind of macrohabitat there is a notorious lack of ecological knowledge. In this context, this research proposal aims to provide a physical description, in terms of kind of habitats, and a limnological characterization of a basaltic knickzone. Information is based on a case study carried out in the Sapucaí-Mirim River, Southeast Brazil. Samplings were performed in three different habitats well represented in the knickzone (runs, riffles and pools) during rainy and dry conditions. A clear discrimination in terms of habitat type and seasonality was demonstrated through a principal component analysis. Pools exhibited higher amplitude of variation for most limnological parameters when compared to runs and riffles, probably due to a great influence of the internal metabolism (photosynthetic production and community respiration). Despite of their geological ancient formation and the little understanding of their ecological role, the knickzones are in imminent threat in several regions of the world by hydropower dams implementation. The lack of ecological information on knickzones is probably due to inherent access difficulties and how to compare the distinct kinds of habitats. Thereby, further studies should be encouraged.
Saudade do partido: referencias nostálgicas entre militantes de las bases de sustentación de los gobiernos argentinos y brasileros (2003-2015)
Authors: Rivarola María Dolores Rocca
Published: July 2017

Resumen El artículo examina de modo comparativo la presencia de referencias nostálgicas entre militantes de organizaciones y espacios políticos que forman parte de las bases de sustentación de los gobiernos argentinos y brasileros desde 2003. Como parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la militancia oficialista, el fenómeno de nostalgia abordado en este trabajo es interpretado como una de las dos caras del impacto que escenarios político-electorales de intensa fluctuación en las identidades políticas y de volatilidad en el comportamiento electoral han tenido sobre las prácticas y concepciones de la militancia activa: por un lado, una adaptación a esas condiciones de la vida política – a través de la transformación del vínculo militante y de los formatos que asume esa militancia oficialista – y, por otro, un fenómeno paralelo – al que se dedica específicamente este artículo – de apelaciones nostálgicas referidas a un pasado de identidades políticas arraigadas y de partidos (o del propio partido) con una intensa vida orgánica y un fuerte lazo con el electorado. El trabajo adopta una perspectiva metodológica cualitativa, recuperando las interpretaciones de los propios actores a través del análisis de las entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas en cuatro distritos: las ciudades de San Pablo y Río de Janeiro, en Brasil; y la ciudad de Buenos Aires y algunos distritos del conurbano bonaerense – con especial foco en La Matanza – en Argentina (56 entrevistas desde 2013, y la consulta selectiva de otras 74 realizadas entre 2005 y 2010 para una investigación previa). A partir del agrupamiento de distintas categorías creadas en el proceso de codificación de las entrevistas se han identificado dos dimensiones de esa nostalgia: las apelaciones al perfil del militante del pasado, por un lado, y la referencia al contexto o condiciones en las que se militaba, por otro. El análisis cualitativo permite confirmar el peso de las referencias nostálgicas en los testimonios. Cabe destacar, de todos modos, que la presencia de esa nostalgia no es homogénea en ambos casos nacionales, ni entre distintas organizaciones (predominando entre los militantes del PT en Brasil y al interior de las redes del PJ argentino y, diluyéndose, en cambio, en las nuevas organizaciones nacidas por fuera del PJ durante el período kirchnerista), ni tampoco entre distintas generaciones de militantes. Asimismo, aunque las dos dimensiones de nostalgia mencionadas aparecen con fuerza en los testimonios brasileros, es la segunda dimensión la que predomina entre los argentinos. El artículo procura contribuir al debate sobre la militancia y el vínculo político en la actualidad. Asimismo, postula – aun inscribiéndose en la literatura que plantea el debilitamiento de los vínculos estructurales y psicológicos entre los partidos y los ciudadanos – la pertinencia de estudiar la militancia política activa, la cual paradójicamente ha persistido en esos contextos de fluctuación.
A dinâmica política do Império: instabilidade, gabinetes e Câmara dos Deputados (1840-1889)
Authors: Ferraz Sérgio Eduardo
Published: July 2017

Resumo O artigo trata da política imperial no Brasil. Sua principal contribuição é delinear compreensão alternativa da dinâmica institucional do “parlamentarismo” da época, sugerindo-se a insuficiência da explicação clássica sobre o período. Propõem-se novas hipóteses sobre duas questões: (1) a instabilidade governamental no Segundo Reinado (1840-1889) e (2) a natureza das relações entre o gabinete e a Câmara dos Deputados no período. Quanto à instabilidade governamental (37 gabinetes em quase 50 anos), a estratégia de pesquisa consistiu no exame, por meio de literatura produzida via cânones diversos e dos anais do Poder Legislativo, de todos os episódios de substituição de gabinetes, inclusive os que implicaram alternância partidária, para mapear as razões políticas associadas a cada afastamento. Construiu-se uma tipologia do fenômeno, ancorada na presença ou ausência de intervenção da Coroa e/ou da Câmara dos Deputados nas substituições. O principal resultado alcançado mostra que tanto a instabilidade dos ministérios como a alternância entre partidos resultou, principalmente, de conflitos entre o Executivo e o Legislativo, em especial a Câmara dos Deputados. O achado desafia as interpretações clássicas que enfatizam o papel da Coroa na substituição dos governos. O conflito entre os gabinetes e a Câmara levou à segunda questão, que trata dessa tensão. Explora-se a hipótese de que a introdução de regras eleitorais “distritalizadas”, em substituição às listas, no contexto de um arranjo institucional “centrífugo”, alterou importantes incentivos, os quais funcionavam como esteio “centrípeto” do sistema, para agentes políticos relevantes. A mudança agravou as disputas entre ministérios e legislaturas, concorrendo para explicar o fenômeno da instabilidade. A hipótese é corroborada por evidências variadas: (1) o acompanhamento da tramitação na Câmara de projetos orçamentários, entre 1853 e 1860, em legislaturas eleitas por regras diversas, exercício indicador da desigual capacidade de os gabinetes aprovarem suas agendas sob diferentes circunstâncias institucionais, confirmando-se o enfraquecimento ministerial na passagem das listas para os “distritos”; (2) o menor mandato médio dos gabinetes que governaram frente a legislaturas “distritalizadas”; (3) associação entre a queda de gabinetes por pressão do Legislativo e a vigência de regras eleitorais “distritalizadas”; (4) convergência das fontes e da literatura em enfatizar as consequências “centrífugas” da mudança de regime eleitoral. Trilhando essas vias, o artigo inova ao propor uma nova interpretação da experiência parlamentarista do Segundo Reinado (1840-1889) e ao sugerir a fertilidade, para a Ciência Política, de uma agenda de pesquisa que investigue, com as ferramentas analíticas contemporâneas, períodos da história brasileira pouco explorados pela disciplina.
Alianzas de los empresarios industriales en la crisis del neoliberalismo en Argentina
Authors: Salvia Sebastián
Published: July 2017

Resumen El artículo aborda la acción política de los empresarios industriales para influir en las políticas del Estado en la crisis económica de 1998-2001, focalizando en su organización corporativa (la Unión Industrial Argentina) y en las alianzas que ésta construye. Nuestra hipótesis es que con el inicio de la crisis se fue produciendo una disgregación de la unidad empresaria que había caracterizado a la década del ‘90, ante la imposibilidad de superar la crisis mediante la baja del salario. Para mitigar el impacto de la crisis, los empresarios industriales impulsaron políticas estatales para mejorar la competitividad de la producción de bienes y modificar los precios relativos de la economía (contraponiéndose a las demandas de los empresarios del sector financiero, orientadas a controlar el déficit fiscal, en particular mediante la baja del gasto público). Para poner a prueba nuestra hipótesis, analizamos el avance de la crisis, las políticas del Gobierno para gestionarla, las demandas de los empresarios industriales y la búsqueda de unificación de sus demandas con otras asociaciones empresarias o sindicales. Tomamos como material empírico estadísticas oficiales, documentos empresarios (en particular de la Unión Industrial Argentina) y artículos de prensa escrita. Mostramos que el conflicto empresario tenía que ver con el diferente impacto sectorial de la crisis, de mayor intensidad en la industria, la construcción y el agro, que en las finanzas y servicios. Constatamos que el diagnóstico de los empresarios industriales sobre la crisis estaba centrado en la pérdida de competitividad de la producción de bienes, muy diferente al diagnóstico ortodoxo del Gobierno. Para impulsar sus demandas, los empresarios industriales realizaron alianzas con empresarios del agro y la construcción; con el agravamiento de la crisis, buscaron ampliarlas a sindicatos y a organizaciones del sector financiero. Como resultado, corroboramos nuestra hipótesis sobre el conflicto empresario y producimos evidencia empírica suficiente para discutir la conocida tesis de las ciencias sociales argentinas que sostiene que los empresarios industriales pugnaban por la devaluación del peso como salida de la crisis (en disputa con el sector financiero que presionaba por la dolarización de la economía).
Legisladores, captadores e assistencialistas: a representação política no nível local
Authors: Lopez Felix , Almeida Acir
Published: July 2017

Resumo O artigo analisa a representação política local, focando as percepções e práticas cotidianas dos vereadores. Em particular, analisam-se suas escolhas entre estratégias de representação clientelistas e universalistas. Utilizam-se dados originais de entrevistas abertas semiestruturadas com amostra não representativa de 112 vereadores de 12 municípios de Minas Gerais. Por meio de análise qualitativa, classificam-se os vereadores em três tipos, de acordo com sua principal estratégia de representação, a saber: “legislador”, que se dedica mais às funções formais da vereança; “captador”, que prioriza o atendimento de pedidos coletivos dos eleitores; “assistencialista”, que prioriza o atendimento de pedidos particulares. Com base na literatura teórica sobre clientelismo, oferecem-se hipóteses explicativas das estratégias de representação dos vereadores, que são testadas estatisticamente utilizando-se um modelo probit multinomial. Os resultados sugerem que essas estratégias são qualitativamente distintas e que a probabilidade de ocorrência do tipo assistencialista é maior em municípios pequenos, crescente no acirramento da competição política e decrescente na volatilidade eleitoral. Também há evidência fraca de que essa probabilidade é decrescente na escolaridade do vereador e crescente no seu tempo de vereança.
Quality evaluation of soil-cement-plant residue bricks by the combination of destructive and non-destructive tests
Authors: Ferreira Regis de C. , Cunha Ananda H. N.
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Residues from agricultural activity can be used to improve the quality of soil-based bricks, constituting an interesting alternative for their destination. The technical quality of soil-cement-plant residue bricks was evaluated by the combination of non-destructive and destructive methods. A predominant clayey soil, Portland cement and residues of husks of both rice and Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40%, in mass, in substitution to the 10% cement content) were used. The bricks were submitted to destructive (water absorption and compressive strength) and nondestructive (ultrasound) tests for their physical and mechanical characterization. Results from both destructive and non-destructive tests were combined to determine the quantitative parameter named “anisotropic resistance” in order to evaluate the quality of the bricks. The addition that promoted best technical quality was 10% residue content, regardless of the residue type. The anisotropic resistance proved to be adequate for the technical quality evaluation of the bricks.
Neuroclusal rehabilitation and planas direct tracks in the posterior crossbite treatment
Authors: GARBIN Artênio José Isper , WAKAYAMA Bruno , ROVIDA Tânia Adas Saliba , GARBIN Cléa Adas Saliba
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of neuroclusal rehabilitation treatment using Planas Direct for posterior crossbite correction. Methods: This is a clinical study in which 43 children were selected, of both sexes, between 3 and 6 years old, diagnosed with posterior crossbite and midline deviation. Interviews were conducted with the parents in order to ascertain the practice of harmful habits. The treatment was based on neuroclusal rehabilitation in order to investigate and eliminate the occlusal obstacles which depreciate the stomatognathic system. The aim of the study was also to reprogram the affected neuromuscular activity. Planas direct were performed on crossed teeth in order to restructure the neuroclusal area and the stomatognathic system, as well. Epi Info software, 3.5.4 for Windows, through the distribution of frequencies and the Pearson chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results: Occlusal restoration in 79% of children was performed however 21% abandoned treatment. The crossbite and midline correction period ranged from from 14° to the 91° treatment. Significant associations of the variables were observed as follows: deleterious habits (p = 0.0001) and midline deviation (p = 0.0001) at the beginning or end of treatment. Conclusion: It was concluded that the neuroclusal rehabilitation and Direct Slopes Planas were effective in correcting the posterior crossbite.
Anticoagulant effects of phytotherapeutic drugs and their importance in surgical dental procedures
Authors: MACHADO Ricardo , SILVA Leopoldo COSME , CUBA Leticia de Freitas , OLIVEIRA Jonatas Rafael de , MARTINHO Frederico Canato , FERRARI Carlos Henrique
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Phytotherapeutic drugs are plant-derived products with medicinal properties. They are used for treating or preventing several diseases. However, patients who use these substances and even health professionals are unaware of their negative effects. One of the most common negative effects of phytotherapeutic drugs reported in the literature is the inhibition of natural coagulation factors in the human body. Therefore, the aim of this study was to perform a brief review of the literature concerning the anticoagulant effects of phytotherapeutic drugs and their importance in surgical dental procedures. Preventive measures, clarification and monitoring of patients taking phytotherapeutic drugs are recommended before performing surgical dental procedures, in order to prevent against complications such as hemorrhage.
Natal tooth in preterm newborn: a case report
Authors: ROCHA Jenifer Garcia , SARMENTO Lilian Citty , GOMES Ana Maria Martins , VALLE Marly Almeida Saleme do , DADALTO Elâine Cristina Vargas
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Low birth weight and prematurity may be associated with delayed dental eruption in the deciduous dentition; notwithstanding this relationship, cases of preterm newborns presenting natal or neonatal teeth have been reported in the literature, although this is a rare occurrence. The objective was to present the report of natal tooth in a preterm newborn, analyzing the uniqueness of this case in contrast to the delayed dental eruption usually observed in association with prematurity. Case report: The newborn infant girl, with a gestational age of 36 weeks and 3 days and birth weight of 2,300 g, was attended to as part of the “Strategies for Oral Health Promotion for Infants” project, linked to the Pediatric Dentistry course at the Federal University of Espírito Santo. The newborn infant was referred by the neonatology and pediatric department of the university hospital as she presented an erupted tooth at birth. Clinical examination, in the region corresponding to the lower central incisors, revealed the presence of an erupted natal tooth and homologous tooth covered in gingival tissue. The periapical radiograph confirmed teeth 71 and 81. Since they were well implanted and did not interfere with breastfeeding, these teeth were retained. The mother was instructed to return if there were ulcerations in the infant’s tongue or nipple fissures, with the use of negative reporting regarding the occurrence of alterations up to two months of age. The occurrence of natal tooth teeth is rare, but they may be present in the preterm newborn, despite the association between prematurity and delayed dental eruption in the deciduous dentition.
Oral and maxillofacial rehabilitation of a patient suffering from intraosseous adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: WAECHTER Janine , XAVIER Cristina Braga , CORRÊA Gislene , GOMES Eduardo de Freitas , FERNANDES FILHO Romeu Belon
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Treatment of cancers of the head and neck may provoke sequelae that affect the quality of life of patients during and after treatment. Mouth-sinus communication resulting from partial or total surgical resection of the palate leads to the patient experiencing dysphagia, dysphonia and trismus, which can lead to social isolation of the individual. As a result, the work of the dental surgeon, together with the multidisciplinary team caring for cancer patients, is fundamental and can help with the diagnosis, assist in the management of chemotherapy and radiotherapy complications and enable postsurgical rehabilitation. The present study reports the case of a patient with adenoid cystic carcinoma in the right maxilla, who underwent a partial maxillectomy, the resulting sequela being mouth-sinus communication. The dental treatment was performed at the Hospital of the Federal University of Pelotas preoperatively, during and after treatment. At this time the patient is rehabilitated with an obturator prosthesis and is being monitored by the dental team and the head and neck surgeon.
Monostotic fibrous dysplasia: a case report with cone-beam computed tomography findings
Authors: COSTA Eliana Dantas da , PEYNEAU Priscila Dias , VERNER Francielle Silvestre , ALMEIDA Solange Maria de , AMBROSANO Glaucia Maria Bovi
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Fibrous dysplasia is a benign fibrous-osseous lesion in which normal bone is replaced by fibrous connective tissue and immature bone, affecting only one (monostotic) or several bones (polyostotic) and mainly occurring in children and young adults. When present in facial bones, the maxilla is more frequently involved than the mandible, which can cause facial asymmetry in addition to dental complications. In the image exams, the main characteristic of fibrous dysplasia is its unpolished glass appearance. Computed tomography is the ideal method for evaluating this lesion and its relationship with adjacent structures. The use of conventional radiography, due to the overlapping of anatomical structures, makes it difficult to delineate the extension of the lesion. The present study is aimed at guiding dentist-surgeons on the main imaging characteristics of fibrous dysplasia by describing a case of a female 10-year-old patient presenting with this lesion in the maxilla.
Root fracture in patient in the pre-liver transplantation phase
Authors: OLIVEIRA Fernando Lara D. , SANTA-ROSA Caroline C. , BAMBIRRA Bernardo Henrique Silva , OLIVEIRA Elen Marise Castro de , CASTILHO Lia Silva de , SILVA Maria Elisa de Souza e
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Liver transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage liver disease patients, and offers them the possibility of returning to active and longer life. A dental evaluation before transplantation is a recommended prerequisite to avoid oral infections, which can worsen the patient’s overall situation. This case report refers to the root fracture of an anterior tooth in a patient who was undergoing dental treatment prior to liver transplantation. On clinical examination, the maxillary right central incisor (11) presented without color change, but with mobility in the buccolingual direction, slight flaring and extrusion, and fistula in the attached gingiva on the distal side of tooth 11. The patient reported that he had suffered a trauma in that region 30 years before. The radiographic examination showed a horizontal fracture of the middle third of the root, associated with bone damage, indicated by a radiolucent area at the distal surface of 11. The proposed treatment consisted of: scraping procedure and straightening of the distal surface, radical endodontic treatment of the coronal portion of the root, subsequent filling with Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and dental immobilization. The clinical and radiographic follow-up at three-monthly intervals allowed us to observe gradual regression of the lesion with bone formation, contributing to maintenance of the patient’s general and emotional health, preserving his smile and quality of life.
Quantitative Methods in Comparative Education and Other Disciplines: are they valid?
Authors: Klees Steven J.
Published: July 2017

Abstract1: Comparison is the essence of science and the field of comparative and international education, like many of the social sciences, has been dominated by quantitative methodological approaches. This paper raises fundamental questions about the utility of regression analysis for causal inference. It examines three extensive literatures of applied regression analysis concerned with education policies. The paper concludes that the conditions necessary for regression analysis to yield valid causal inferences are so far from ever being met or approximated that such inferences are never valid. Alternative research methodologies are then briefly discussed.
Los Estudios Comparativos: algunas notas históricas, epistemológicas y metodológicas
Authors: Piovani Juan Ignacio , Krawczyk Nora
Published: July 2017

Resumen: En este artículo se abordan algunas cuestiones históricas, epistemológicas y metodológicas relacionadas con los estudios comparativos en las ciencias sociales, con referencias específicas al campo de la educación. A partir de una consideración general de la comparación, su estructura lógica y su presencia en la ciencia y en la vida cotidiana, se avanza hacia la presentación y valoración crítica de las posturas que la definen como método científico. Por otra parte, se sostiene que, aún cuando se rechace este significado restrictivo de la comparación como método, existe cierto consenso en torno de la especificidad de los estudios comparativos en las ciencias sociales. Y en relación con ellos, en el artículo se discuten con mayor detalle los de carácter trans-contextual (cross-national y cross-cultural), con énfasis en los principales desafíos metodológicos y técnicos que afrontan. Se analiza también la perspectiva comparativa socio histórica, que ha adquirido importancia en los últimos años en el campo de la educación.
Comparative Case Studies
Authors: Bartlett Lesley , Vavrus Frances
Published: July 2017

Abstract: What is a case study and what is it good for? In this article, we review dominant approaches to case study research and point out their limitations. Next, we propose a new approach - the comparative case study approach - that attends simultaneously to global, national, and local dimensions of case-based research. We contend that new approaches are necessitated by conceptual shifts in the social sciences, specifically in relation to culture, context, space, place, and comparison itself.
Mandibular dental arch short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes after slow or rapid maxillary expansion: a systematic review
Authors: Alves Arthur César de Medeiros , Maranhão Olga Benário Vieira , Janson Guilherme , Garib Daniela Gamba
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of the mandibular dental arch after slow (SME) or rapid (RME) maxillary expansion in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. Methods: An electronic search was performed in the following databases: PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, Scopus, Embase and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria for article selection included randomized controlled trials and prospective studies written in English, with no restriction of year of publication, involving patients who underwent SME or RME during the mixed or early permanent dentitions. A double-blind search of articles was performed by two reviewers. Initially, the title and the abstract of the studies were read, and their references were also hand-searched for possible missing studies. A methodological quality scoring scale was used to analyze the selected articles. Results: The search retrieved 373 articles, but only 6 were selected for review after application of the eligibility and exclusion criteria. Non-clinically significant spontaneous dentoalveolar changes of approximately 1mm were found in the mandibular dental arch in the short and long-term, after slow or rapid maxillary expansions. Furthermore, no significant differences were found between treated and control groups. Conclusions: There is enough evidence to conclude that negligible short and long-term spontaneous dentoalveolar changes tend to occur in the mandibular dental arch after SME or RME in the mixed and early permanent dentitions. More randomized studies with appropriate control group are required to better evaluate this issue.
Is the main goal of mastication achieved after orthodontic treatment? A prospective longitudinal study
Authors: Gameiro Gustavo Hauber , Magalhães Isabela Brandão , Szymanski Mariana Marcon , Andrade Annicele Silva
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the masticatory and swallowing performances in patients with malocclusions before and after orthodontic treatment, comparing them to an age- and gender-matched control group with normal occlusion. Methods: Twenty-three patients with malocclusions requiring orthodontic treatment were included in this prospective study. One month after appliance removal, seventeen patients completed a follow-up examination and the data were compared with those of a control group with thirty subjects with normal occlusion. Masticatory performance was determined by the median particle size for the Optocal Plus® test food after 15 chewing strokes, and three variables related to swallowing were assessed: a) time and b) number of strokes needed to prepare the test-food for swallowing, and c) median particle size of the crushed particles at the moment of swallowing. Results: At the baseline examination, the malocclusion group had a significantly lower masticatory performance and did not reach the particle size reduction at the moment of swallowing, when compared with the control group. After treatment, the masticatory performance significantly improved in the malocclusion group and the particle size reduction at swallowing reached the same level as in the control group. Conclusions: The present results showed that the correction of malocclusions with fixed appliances can objectively provide positive effects in both mastication and deglutition processes, reinforcing that besides aesthetic reasons, there are also functional indications for orthodontic treatment.
Miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion for managing arch perimeter in an adult patient
Authors: Cunha Amanda Carneiro da , Lee Hisun , Nojima Lincoln Issamu , Nojima Matilde da Cunha Gonçalves , Lee Kee-Joon
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Introduction: Etiology of dental crowding may be related to arch constriction in diverse dimensions, and an appropriate manipulation of arch perimeter by intervening in basal bone discrepancies cases, may be a key for crowding relief, especially when incisors movement is limited due to underlying pathology, periodontal issues or restrictions related to soft tissue profile. Objectives: This case report illustrates a 24-year old woman, with maxillary transverse deficiency, upper and lower arches crowding, Class II, division 1, subdivision right relationship, previous upper incisors traumatic episode and straight profile. A non-surgical and non-extraction treatment approach was feasible due to the miniscrew-assisted rapid palatal expansion technique (MARPE). Methods: The MARPE appliance consisted of a conventional Hyrax expander supported by four orthodontic miniscrews. A slow expansion protocol was adopted, with an overall of 40 days of activation and a 3-month retention period. Intrusive traction miniscrew-anchored mechanics were used for correcting the Class II subdivision relationship, managing lower arch perimeter and midline deviation before including the upper central incisors. Results: Post-treatment records show an intermolar width increase of 5 mm, bilateral Class I molar and canine relationships, upper and lower crowding resolution, coincident dental midlines and proper intercuspation. Conclusions: The MARPE is an effective treatment approach for managing arch-perimeter deficiencies related to maxillary transverse discrepancies in adult patients.
Angle Class III malocclusion with anteroposterior and vertical discrepancy in the final stage of growth
Authors: Arruda Marcelo B. P de
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACT Angle Class III malocclusion is characterized by an anteroposterior dental discrepancy with or without anteroposterior and vertical skeletal changes. Patients usually seek orthodontic treatment because facial appearance is compromised in most cases. The present study describes the clinical case of a 12-year and 6-month-old girl in her final stage of pubertal growth presenting Class III malocclusion with anteroposterior and vertical discrepancies. Initial treatment consisted of maxillary expansion using a Hass expander followed by the use of a Petit facemask for a minimum of 16 hours a day. During corrective treatment, Class III elastics were used to complement protraction. At the end of the treatment, skeletal discrepancy had improved, and the ANB angle increased from 0 to 2o. Angle Class III malocclusion, anterior crossbite and open bite were corrected. This case was presented to the Committee of the Brazilian Board of Orthodontics and Facial Orthopedics (BBO) as part of the requisites to become a BBO Diplomate.
Relacionalidad y construcción cultural en la educación temprana: diálogo entre pares menores de 18 meses
Authors: Troncoso Eugenia Pizarro , Arévalo Sergio Toro
Published: July 2017

Resumen El presente artículo da cuenta de una investigación realizada en nivel preescolar, específicamente en una sala cuna chilena. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar el fenómeno de la relacionalidad y la construcción cultural que se despliega en la interacción con pares durante los primeros 18 meses de vida. Para esto se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo, recolectando datos mediante entrevistas, observación participante y análisis microgenético de diversas situaciones de interacción protagonizadas por bebés, para la posterior triangulación de fuentes. El estudio da cuenta de las dinámicas relacionales que se despliegan entre niñas y niños pequeños en la primera etapa de educación preescolar, desde una perspectiva cultural y dialógica de la construcción del sujeto. Los resultados se organizan en tres categorías de análisis denominadas miradas, resonancia gestual y mediación, las que dan cuenta de la riqueza y complejidad de los procesos de construcción cultural desde edades muy tempranas, donde destacan las diversas narrativas que se entretejen en la relación entre pares y su distinción con la relacionalidad adulta/bebé. Las conclusiones apuntan a la relevancia de las interacciones entre pares en la construcción de significados de cada bebé; al mismo tiempo, se discute la importancia de la mediación adulta en estas dinámicas relacionales. La contribución de esta investigación apunta a enriquecer el debate sobre la pertinencia y relevancia de la educación preescolar de niñas y niños menores de 3 años.
Walking ethnography e entrevistas na análise de experiências estéticas no Cerrado
Authors: Iared Valéria Ghisloti , Oliveira Haydée Torres de
Published: July 2017

Resumo Pautado na fenomenologia-hermenêutica, o estudo se propõe a comparar e discutir diferentes possibilidades para coleta de dados durante uma pesquisa que procurou compreender, em profundidade, o significado da experiência estética para um grupo de dezessete pessoas em relação ao Cerrado. Essas possibilidades surgiram em decorrência da preocupação em responder à questão de pesquisa, em que as pesquisadoras buscaram dialogar com outras opções teórico-metodológicas. Sendo assim, o estudo se embasou em leituras clássicas como Merleau-Ponty e Gadamer e, gradativamente, ampliou-se o escopo teórico, incorporando autores(es) contemporâneos como Sarah Pink e Tim Ingold. Logo, o artigo apresenta as limitações e potencialidades de dois tipos de coleta de dados – walking ethnography e entrevistas – como possibilidades metodológicas para compreender a experiência estética desse grupo no Cerrado. Baseado em um paradigma interpretativo, o objetivo do presente artigo é tecer considerações sobre a potencialidade de se ampliar o diálogo com outras perspectivas metodológicas a fim de proporcionar maior consistência para a investigação. Identificou-se que as entrevistas e o walking ethnography forneceram diferentes perspectivas e foram complementares. Considerou-se, então, que a entrevista possibilitou conhecer as memórias de infância, histórico de envolvimento ético e político dos(as) participantes, enquanto que o foco do walking ethnography residiu nas práticas corporais e multissensoriais no Cerrado. As respostas afetivas testemunhadas durante o walking ethnography foram consideradas elementos fundamentais para a compreensão da experiência em uma abordagem fenomenológica e ampliaram as possibilidades de análise do presente estudo.
Los desafíos de la evaluación por competencias en el ámbito educativo
Authors: Muñoz Daniel Ríos , Araya David Herrera
Published: July 2017

Resumen Este artículo tiene por objetivo principal ser un aporte a las discusiones y reflexiones sobre el rol formativo de la evaluación por competencias en el ámbito educativo. Se plantea su relación con los perfiles curriculares que se orientan a los nuevos contextos laborales. Se sostiene la necesidad de establecer lineamientos, diseños, implementaciones y desarrollos instrumentales para determinar los impactos de los aprendizajes por competencias como una forma de evidenciar la apropiación de saberes integrales complejos. Se asume el desafío que tiene la práctica evaluativa por competencias al incorporar a los principales actores del proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje, a objeto de realizar una evaluación más participativa y democrática. Para ello se realiza una breve descripción y análisis teórico-conceptual sobre las competencias en el mundo educativo. Se profundiza sobre la evaluación por competencias como una nueva práctica evaluativa destacando los criterios integrales y formativos de estas prácticas. Se analiza cómo la evaluación por competencias puede orientar e influir en el mejoramiento de los aprendizajes y prácticas pedagógicas. Para concluir se plantean unas consideraciones finales de la evaluación por competencias a modo de balance y desafíos para el ámbito educativo, sobre todo aquellos relacionados por la preocupación en el proceso previo al resultado final de un producto de aprendizaje.
Solving Multiagent Networks Using Distributed Constraint Optimization
Authors: Pearce Jonathan P. , Tambe Milind , Maheswaran Rajiv
Published: July 2017

In many cooperative multiagent domains, the effect of local interactions between agents can be compactly represented as a network structure. Given that agents are spread across such a network, agents directly interact only with a small group of neighbors. A distributed constraint optimization problem (DCOP) is a useful framework to reason about such networks of agents. Given agents' inability to communicate and collaborate in large groups in such networks, we focus on an approach called k‐optimality for solving DCOPs. In this approach, agents form groups of one or more agents until no group of k or fewer agents can possibly improve the DCOP solution; we define this type of local optimum, and any algorithm guaranteed to reach such a local optimum, as k‐optimal. The article provides an overview of three key results related to k‐optimality. The first set of results gives worst‐case guarantees on the solution quality of k‐optima in a DCOP. These guarantees can help determine an appropriate k‐optimal algorithm, or possibly an appropriate constraint graph structure, for agents to use in situations where the cost of coordination between agents must be weighed against the quality of the solution reached. The second set of results gives upper bounds on the number of k‐optima that can exist in a DCOP. These results are useful in domains where a DCOP must generate a set of solutions rather than a single solution. Finally, we sketch algorithms for k‐optimality and provide some experimental results for 1‐, 2‐ and 3‐optimal algorithms for several types of DCOPs.
Networks and Natural Language Processing
Authors: Radev Dragomir R. , Mihalcea Rada
Published: July 2017

Over the last few years, a number of areas of natural language processing have begun applying graph‐based techniques. These include, among others, text summarization, syntactic parsing, word‐sense disambiguation, ontology construction, sentiment and subjectivity analysis, and text clustering. In this paper, we present some of the most successful graph‐based representations and algorithms used in language processing and try to explain how and why they work.
Introduction to the Special Issue on AI and Networks
Authors: desJardins Marie , Gaston Matthew E. , Radev Dragomir
Published: July 2017

This introduction to AI Magazine's special issue on networks and AI summarizes the seven articles in the special issue by characterizing the nature of the networks that are the focus of each of the articles. A short tutorial on graph theory and network structures is included for those less familiar with the topic.