bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ORGANIZAÇÃO DOS ESPAÇOS NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: ENDO MAYUMI
Published: July 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar como a organização dos espaços influencia no desenvolvimento da aprendizagem das crianças, demonstrando como este pode ser um recurso parceiro do professor na prática educativa. O desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem da criança, durante os anos iniciais, são facilitados quando há no planejamento do professor, o planejamento do ambiente em que as crianças serão inseridas. Um lugar adequado estimula a criança a desenvolver sua identidade pessoal, além de promover o desenvolvimento de competências, dando oportunidades para os movimentos corporais, a estimulação dos sentidos, o contato social e a privacidade. Entendemos que é por meio dos ambientes institucionais que o profissional da educação possibilita às crianças a exploração de diversas habilidades importantes para o desenvolvimento integral das mesmas. Julgamos importante, também, que o professor conheça a realidade da criança, para que possa planejar seu trabalho de maneira significativa, refletindo constantemente na, sobre e para sua prática docente. Desta forma, o profissional contribuirá para que a criança possa criar, imaginar e reconstruir conhecimentos, brincar e integrar-se com crianças de diferentes idades, aprendendo coletivamente em um ambiente pedagógico interessante e desafiador.
A Novel Transformer-less Grid Tie Inverter for Rooftop PV system
Authors: Mahdee Mahir , Samir Chowdhury Mohammad , Rahman Sunzidur , Hossain Md. Shabuj , Saleque Ahmed Mortuza , Rahman Md. Abdur
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a relatively new concept for the design and implementation of a grid-tie inverter for photo voltaic (PV) systems. The proposed method will eliminate the uses of battery pack hence overall cost of any PV project will be significantly reduced. As the output of any PV array varies with the variation of solar irradiance hence a boost converter with PID regulated variable duty cycle has been used to keep a constant input to the inverter. Multilevel inverter topology has been proposed for utility grid connectivity. The proposed design is simulated in MATLAB/Simulink and a prototype is also implemented to verify the simulation results. The controllers are implemented in Arduino microcontroller board.
Simulated Performance Analysis of an Optical Frequency Comb in a WDM System
Authors: Nazneen Rifat , Zahir Ebad
Published: July 2021

This paper presents the research work for a proposed novel scheme for generating a flat and equally spaced optical frequency comb using a simulated layout using Optisystem. Three pump sources at 1 nm wavelength apart are injected along with a 25 GHz RF signal having different amplitudes into a cascade of Dual-Drive Mach-Zehnder Modulator and Electro-Absorption Modulator and multiple highly nonlinear fiber loops. The initial scheme is using Four Wave - Mixing and yields a comb of 27 lines with uneven gain and a 6 dBm power deviation. After characterizing the response by exploring critical parameters such as pump power, frequency spacing, dispersion effect, Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier and DC bias of the modulators, the researchers were able to reduce the power deviation down to 2 dBm at the expense of some comb lines. This final optimized scheme was then evaluated for a preliminary Wavelength Division Multiplexing setup having only five channels/modes at 10 Gb/s for a channel length of 1 km. Each of the received de-multiplexed channels was evaluated through recorded data in the form of Bit Error Rate and Quality-factor and the final results are shown to be quite promising.
Effect of Oxide Thickness on GaN-based Double Gate MOSFETs
Authors: Ahmed Safayet , Hasan Md. Tanvir
Published: July 2021

The effect of oxide thickness (EOT) on GaN-based double gate (DG) MOSFETs have been explored for low power switching device. The gate length (LG) of 8 nm with 4 nm underlap is considered. The device is turned off and on for gate voltage (VGS) of 0 V and 1 V, respectively. The effective oxide thickness (EOT) is varied from 1 nm to 0.5 nm and the device performance is evaluated. For EOT = 0.5 nm, the OFF-state current (IOFF), subthreshold slope (SS) and drain induced barrier lowering (DIBL) are obtained 2.97×10-8 A/μm, 69.67 mV/dec and 21.753 mV/V, respectively. These results indicate that, it is possible to minimize short channel effects (SCEs) by using smaller value of EOT.
Effect of 16 QAM Interleaved Coded Modulation System in AWGN ChannelEffect of 16 QAM Interleaved Coded Modulation System in AWGN Channel
Authors: Ahmed Nazmul , Rashid Md. Mamunur , Hossain Chowdhury Akram , Zishan Md. Saniat Rahman
Published: July 2021

In this paper we have simulated the 16 QAM communication systems considering the channel as AWGN and sketch bit error rate of the system versus Eb/No and then applied (15,11,1) BCH code. The above results are being compared with the theoretical performance, we have used MATLAB for all the cases. Due to mobile movement in the channel, the uncoded system affecting Doppler Spread was considered and the bit error rate of the system was drawn for maximum mobile speed of 42.3 Km/Hour. After applying coding we have discussed the above results. At last we have integrated an interleaver for the system to improve the coded performance results and compared the overall performance.
Performance Analysis of Modulation Response of a Designed 1550 nm Oxide Confined Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser
Authors: Hossain Md. Sajid , Ahad Dewan Mohammed Abdul
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to present the impact of using oxidized layer and the effect of oxide aperture size on VCSEL’s modulation performance. After the introduction of oxidized layer, the characteristics of VCSEL have improved immensely, especially in modulation performance. The peak material gain of Al0.06Ga0.24In0.70As/InP MQW VCSEL found from the MATLAB simulation tools has been utilized for investigating the modulation characteristics of the laser model. The optical output power of 27.23 dBm is found at 2.5 mA of current injection. Later, by varying the injection current up to 2.5 mA a maximum frequency of resonance of 10.75 GHz and the equivalent -3dB cut off frequency of 11.85 GHz are achieved. It is seen that with the reduction of oxide aperture size and increase of injection current, the frequency of resonance in addition to the -3dB cut off frequency of the laser increases. The use of oxidized layer and impact of aperture size effect on VCSEL’s -3dB cut off frequency.
OCDMA System Using Two Code Keying Encryption Introducing a SOA Based CMUX And CDEMUX Over a WDM System
Authors: Chowdhury Tasnuva , Nasir Uddin Mohammad
Published: July 2021

This paper introduces an Optical Code Division multiplexing (OCDMA) system using two code keying encryptions. In this paper proposed OCDMA system is designed using Semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) which has nonlinear character and can implementor different logic functions. SOA based 2 × 1 Codeword Multiplexer (CMUX) is designed to multiplex the user data and a 1 × 2 Codeword DE Multiplexer (CDEMUX) to demodulate the user data. Then a multiple user access is provided using WDM system to design the whole OCDMA system. Transmission distance of 70 km is achieved with acceptable bit error rate and Q factor. Open eye diagram is also verified at the receiving end.
Modeling and Simulation of a Synchronous Generator with Rotor Angle Stability and Solve Inter Area Mode of Oscillation in Power System using Power System Stabilizer(PSS)
Authors: Rahman Md. Lutfur , Shatil Md. Abu Hena
Published: July 2021

Power System stabilizers are a form of supplementary control that is used to provide additional damping to the inter area mode oscillations or to stabilize a generator whose voltage regulator gain is such that it may result in negatively damped machine-to-system oscillations under certain conditions. It has seen observed that the damping of these small power oscillations can be improved by leading back appropriate stabilizing signals to the input of the gain’s exciter. Some input signals that have been considered in the research are slip speed, accelerating power, frequency. In this manuscript, we will use an establish approach to obtain a preliminary design for a power system stabilizer with slip speed as the feedback signal.
Reliability Analysis of Different Cell Configurations of Lithium ion battery Pack
Authors: Ivan Md. Nahian Al Subri , Devnath Sujit , Faiz Rethwan , Ahmed Kazi Firoz
Published: July 2021

To infer and predict the reliability of the remaining useful life of a lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery is very significant in the sectors associated with power source proficiency. As an energy source of electric vehicles (EV), Li-ion battery is getting attention due to its lighter weight and capability of storing higher energy. Problems with the reliability arises while li-ion batteries of higher voltages are required. As in this case several li-ion cells areconnected in series and failure of one cell may cause the failure of the whole battery pack. In this paper, Firstly, the capacity degradation of li-ion cells after each cycle is observed and secondly with the help of MATLAB 2016 a mathematical model is developed using Weibull Probability Distribution and Exponential Distribution to find the reliability of different types of cell configurations of a non-redundant li-ion battery pack. The mathematical model shows that the parallel-series configuration of cells is more reliable than the series configuration of cells. The mathematical model also shows that if the discharge rate (C-rate) remains constant; there could be an optimum number for increasing the cells in the parallel module of a parallel-series onfiguration of cells of a non-redundant li-ion battery pack; after which only increasing the number of cells in parallel module doesn’t increase the reliability of the whole battery pack significantly.
High Speed OTDM-DWDM Bit Compressed Network for Long-Haul Communication
Authors: Islam Tadbirul , Uddin Mohammad Nasir
Published: July 2021

This paper represents an optical communication network design that incorporates both OTDM and DWDM techniques which provides up to 240 Gbit/s data transfer rate, long-haul communication distance of 2700 km with a maximum number of 384 channels in this designed architecture. Each channel has a bitrate of 625 Mbit/s that follows optical signal hierarchy OC-12, STS-12 (SONET ANSI), and STM-4 (SDH CCITT), and the design maintains standard parameters for commercially available channel grids at 100 GHz spacing. The communication is done by Single Mode Fiber (SMF) of 50 km and Dispersion Compensating Fiber (DCF) of 10 km followed by one optical amplifier gain in each span. Bit error rate (BER) remains significantly low while transmission distance for only OTDM is 18000 km at a BER < 10-12, and for the hybrid OTDM-DWDM it is 2700 km at a BER < 10-16. Both values are measured under 128 bits sequence length. Three compression stages are used for 8 channels each in order to minimize the gap between bits, and to utilize the space for more channels within a specific time window.
Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging On Distribution Grid
Authors: Haque Nazmul , Saleque Ahmed Mortuza
Published: July 2021

Electric Vehicle is one of the most emerging technology in modern era. Different type of latest technologies are used in today’s electric vehicles as well as the battery technology is also developed. Besides many advantages of electric vehicles there are some bad impacts of electric vehicles charging on electric grid. Analysis of Electric Vehicle charging impacts on distribution grid are highly importance for the development of electric vehicles. In this paper a very simplified model is used by MATLAB/Simulink to analyze the Electric vehicle charging impacts on distribution grid. In this model Vehicle to grid (V2G) technology is also used to analyze the grid power. The active power of distribution grid was measured while EVs were charging for both V2G on and off cases and the differences between this two conditions were measured from the simulation and the results were compared.  In this paper the impacts of EV charging on other grid connected loads are also analyzed.
Researches in Effluence and Environmental flow of Turag River – a review
Authors: Rahman M. Mostafizur , Ferdousi Amena , Rob Mohammad Abdur , Hasan Muhammad Mahfuz
Published: July 2021

Articles regarding water pollution of Turag river have been reviewed and compiled as a review paper from various published articles of international reputed journals annual/environmental reports of recognized organization and e-books. Besides, this work finds the interpretation of data and discussions published in different research papers. The water of Turag river is not fit for washing, underwater life and domestic supply because of the sever effect of the release of untreated industrial and domestic effluents. The water quality of Turag river. A wide range of contaminants are continuously introduced into the Turag river and their toxicity is a problem of increasing significance for ecological, evolutionary, and environmental reasons. The prevailing condition of the river is of serious concern, and there is an urgent need to take strict measures to ensure cleansing of the river and prevent further contamination.  This review work provides views and proposals to explain the assessment of water pollution of river water.
Support Vector Machine based Stress Detection System to manage COVID-19 pandemic related stress from ECG signal
Authors: Rizwan Md Fahim , Farhad Rayed , Imam Md. Hasan
Published: July 2021

This study represents a detailed investigation of induced stress detection in humans using Support Vector Machine algorithms. Proper detection of stress can prevent many psychological and physiological problems like the occurrence of major depression disorder (MDD), stress-induced cardiac rhythm abnormalities, or arrhythmia. Stress induced due to COVID -19 pandemic can make the situation worse for the cardiac patients and cause different abnormalities in the normal people due to lockdown condition. Therefore, an ECG based technique is proposed in this paper where the ECG can be recorded for the available handheld/portable devices which are now common to many countries where people can take ECG by their own in their houses and get preliminary information about their cardiac health. From ECG, we can derive RR interval, QT interval, and EDR (ECG derived Respiration) for developing the model for stress detection also. To validate the proposed model, an open-access database named "drivedb” available at Physionet (physionet.org) was used as the training dataset. After verifying several SVM models by changing the ECG length, features, and SVM Kernel type, the results showed an acceptable level of accuracy for Fine Gaussian SVM (i.e. 98.3% for 1 min ECG and 93.6 % for 5 min long ECG) with Gaussian Kernel while using all available features (RR, QT, and EDR). This finding emphasizes the importance of including ventricular polarization and respiratory information in stress detection and the possibility of stress detection from short length data(i.e. form 1 min ECG data), which will be very useful to detect stress through portable ECG devices in locked down condition to analyze mental health condition without visiting the specialist doctor at hospital. This technique also alarms the cardiac patients form being stressed too  much which might cause severe arrhythmogenesis.
Investigation of Security Challenges from the Perspective of Stakeholders in IoT
Authors: Faisal Md Sajid Bin , Habib Ahsan , Hossain Md Aolad , Rashid Cynthia Simin , Nandi Dip
Published: July 2021

Internet of Things (IoT) has become one of the major study concerns and prospects in recent times. The ecosystem that makes the interconnection between person, objects, device in a secured acceptable and useful manner is in the boundary of Internet of Things. One of the major concerns in IoT is its security and the technologies which are working behind. The security measures are taken under a vast amount of studies and applications. The concept of this research is to consider the existing technologies that are working for security assurance and the challenges which are faced by different angles of participants and manufacturers due to make IoT a secure electronic ecosystem. Basically, the focus over the security challenges are on the stakeholders and they are user, manufacturer and service provider.
Design of a Robust ESD Protection Device using 6H-SiC Nano-Scale GGNMOS
Authors: Chowdhury Shirazush Salekin , Arifin Farhadur
Published: July 2021

With the continuous shrinking of the technological nodes and the introduction of new device concepts and materials, integrated circuits (IC) are becoming more vulnerable to electrostatic discharge (ESD) induced failures which is one of the major concerns in designing robust ICs.  Therefore, to improve the reliability of the ICs against ESD induced failures, extensive research efforts are being conducted. In this paper, we have presented a 6H-SiC based nano-scale grounded-gate NMOS (ggNMOS) ESD protection device and compared the results with the 3C-SiC-based ggNMOS. To design a robust ESD protection device, some critical device parameters, such as substrate doping concentration, source/drain doping concentration, drain to substrate contact spacing, and substrate contact resistance should be optimized. The ESD protection characteristics can be improved by utilizing the near punch-through effect. It was found that the trigger voltage and hold voltage are higher in 6H-SiC than the 3C-SiC having identical device parameters. 6H-SiC shows better voltage clamping performance as the turn-on resistance of 6H-SiC is smaller compared to the 3C-SiC material. Therefore, the results show that 6H-SiC has a better performance compared to 3C-SiC and due to its higher bandgap, and can be used as a good ESD protection device. All the simulations are carried out using the Silvaco ATLAS device simulator.
Design and Comparison of grid connected Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator Non-salient Pole and Salient Pole Rotor Wind Turbine
Authors: S.M. Mehedi Hasan  , Abu Hena Md. Shatil
Published: July 2021

Variable speed wind turbines are widely used wind energy conversion system (WECS). Among them doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) are mostly used. PMSG based wind turbines are getting more popular in recent times because of their several advantages over other types. Direct drive capability and low speed operation are some of it’s significant advantage over other type. This paper describes two rotor types of grid connected PMSG, non-salient pole or round pole rotor and salient pole rotor and shows a comparative study between them. The mathematical model was designed and simulated using Matlab/Simulink. Simulation results have been shown to analyze their performances.
Psycho-social aspect encountered by health professionals in work environment at primary health care centers in Dammam city
Authors: Bakhsh Abrar Bani
Published: July 2021

Background and objective: Psychosocial aspects may affect workers and the quality of care given. It has a negative impact in psychological state of the healthcare providers, such effects causes lack of healthcare quality and enforcing healthcare workers to leave work in primary centers. This study aims to explore the psychosocial aspect encountered by the health professionals as related to their work environment at primary healthcare centers in Dammam City.Methods: This study adopts a descriptive quantities research methodology cross-sectional and correlative design used. convenient subjects among 300 participants of health professionals.Results: A group of 300 health professionals were participated in this study. They included doctors, nurses, pharmacist, allied health personal, above half of them were females (54.3%), married (77%), diploma degree (50.7%). Nurses were the highest rate of health professionals (34%). In psychological aspect, the highest mean of employees were affected by their passion with client at work (Highest Mean: 3.78). The work for them was valuable and important (Highest Mean: 4.36). In social aspect, the researcher found that colleagues tend to hear each other and sharing problems concerning their work or life issues with each other more than with managers or supervisors (Highest Mean: 4.11). In relation to the work environmental aspect, the researcher found that the nature of their work situation needs them to complete their work quickly with extra speed (Highest Mean: 4.06). They work more than 8 hours per day (Highest Mean: 3.49), there is no variation in the work performed. The same task repeated daily (Highest Mean: 4.16). They were influenced by the state of their families and friends.  They work a lot of time (Highest Mean: 3.91).Conclusions: The participants of this study mainly female, nurses and married staff members, participants mostly complain work environment which put them in emotional disturbed situation. The Psychosocial aspects sometimes potentiate healthcare providers experiences. They tend to overcome bad situation in their work places. The researcher found that most of the participant seek social support and help which is importance aspects for them to perform their jobs accurately as required. It is obvious that stress experience, pressure and exhaustion in work environment for period of time, will lead to bad services provided by healthcare staff members. The result of the study led us to consider the practice of healthcare professionals in their work environment in Dammam City in KSA. In fact, the adoption process and procedures followed to reach the significant results which enhanced the role of the healthcare staff members.
Life Writing in the Era of Genetics: Contemporary Genetic Risk Narratives in Great Britain and America
Authors: Zhou Tingting
Published: July 2021

The development of genetic science brings forth a third group besides the healthy and the ill: the high-risk group who carries certain disease-related genes. In the era of genetics, people try to assess risks with statistical numbers and eliminate risks by Western medical measures. In this context, personal genetic risk narratives (usually in the form of memoirs) emerged in Great Britain and America in the 1990s. The thesis has a close reading of three British and American genetic risk memoirs and wants to find the characteristics and values of the new genre. The memoirs are featured by their vivid description of the narrator’s difficult and complex situation in face of genetic risks. In an era when the body is dominated by statistical numbers, these narratives make personal meaning of impersonal statistics. Genetic risk narratives express a strong belief in genetic technology and Western medical myth. However, the narrative divergence and self-contradiction in the memoirs exposes the limitation of genetic determinism and thus deconstructs the Western medical myth.
Collective Intelligence and Entrepreneurial Resilience in the Context of Covid-19
Authors: Mignenan Victor
Published: July 2021

Research on the covid-19 pandemic, conducted to date, has clearly shown its negative impact on entrepreneurs. However, there are few relevant studies on the resilience of these entrepreneurs. Even economic stimulus packages developed by governments ignore collective intelligence, which is seen as an appropriate posture and path that can lead to the resilience of entrepreneurs in unpredictable situations. Thanks to the theoretical anchoring of collaborative management, we have developed and tested a conceptual model through the approach of deconstructing collective intelligence into (i) the sharing of capacities (ii) mutual aid (iii) collective competence and (iv) dynamic capacity. The data production was carried out through 15 semi-structured interviews and 282 surveys of Cameroonian and Chadian entrepreneurs. The results showed that mutual support (β = 0.32) and ability to share (β = 0.29) are indirectly the best predictors of economic and strategic entrepreneurial resilience. Because they participate effectively in building the collective competence of entrepreneurs in a context of crisis. This collective competence positively generates the level of variation in economic resilience (β = 0.38) and that of strategic resilience (β = 0.36). These results are the manifestation that covid-19 is boosting social dialogue between entrepreneurs. On the other hand, dynamic capacity appears less effective for the entrepreneurial economic resilience (β = 0.04) and strategic entrepreneurial resilience (β = 0.02) of the entrepreneurs studied due to the measures to combat covid-19. These findings contrast with previous research focused on entrepreneurial resilience through collective intelligence. They lead us to stress the importance of continuing research on the subject and to draw comparisons between entrepreneurs in crisis situations and those working in a stable ecosystem. The article is useful for researchers who find proven evidence that is more relevant. Then entrepreneurs will find new factors to make their entrepreneurial project viable. Finally, governments and their partners are urged to further promote entrepreneurship education based on dynamic capacity at the expense of confrontation and selfishness. Our article is part of the theory of collaborative management and organizational theory and reveals the existence of a relational contingency in the different stages of the entrepreneurial resilience process.
Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 15, No. 4, August 2021
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: July 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 15, No. 4, August 2021
¿Salimos a comer? Un análisis de la relación entre condiciones socioeconómicas y consumo de alimentos fuera del hogar en Colombia, 1993-2014
Authors: Torres Pabón Giselle
Published: July 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar el gasto en consumo de alimentos fuera de casa en función de las condiciones socioeconómicas de los hogares colombianos entre 1993 y 2014. La metodología es cuantitativa, es decir, se trata de un análisis descriptivo y modelos de regresión lineal. La variable dependiente es la proporción del gasto en consumo de alimentos fuera del hogar, y las variables independientes son la presencia de al menos una mujer en el hogar, la edad del jefe del hogar, los niveles educativos, la calidad de vida, el sector y la región. Los datos utilizados provienen de la Encuesta Nacional de Calidad de Vida, realizada por el Departamento Nacional de Estadística colombiano. Las hipótesis son las siguientes: (1) comer fuera del hogar se ha incrementado y (2) el consumo de alimentos aumenta en las zonas urbanas, en los hogares de altos niveles educativos, con altas condiciones de vida y sin presencia de mujeres en el hogar. Los resultados han confirmado las hipótesis propuestas. Analizando los resultados en el contexto estudiado, podemos afirmar que existe diversificación y diferenciación en la práctica alimentaria colombiana, específicamente en el consumo de alimentos fuera del hogar. Además, se comprueba y se halla un patrón alimentario del consumo de alimentos fuera del hogar en diferentes latitudes, lo que llama a la reflexión, en la sociología de la alimentación, a seguir indagando y problematizando las metodologías y las aproximaciones teóricas y empíricas que tenemos para aproximarnos a la comprensión de la realidad por medio del estudio del consumo de alimentos.
Wie Europa Zeus bändigte
Authors: Ebert Berit
Published: July 2021

The involvement of plaintiffs contributed significantly to the development of the European Union's equality law. On the basis of 70 judgments of the European Court of Justice, the use of European law since the famous Defrenne cases in the 1970s, and up to more recent judgements such as the Coman case, is analyzed, taking into account the respective political context. The prohibition of discrimination in Article 157 TFEU, which was initially based on competition and women's policy, is now increasingly being traced back to fundamental and human rights and includes LGBTQIA+ rights. In the long term, effective individual rights protection with this additional entitlement is dependent on an expansion of the EU's competences.
Pituitary Tumours
Authors: Sivakoti Sumitra , Anne Beatrice , J. Arora Abhishek , Alugolu Rajesh
Published: July 2021

The chapter focuses on understanding the latest classification of the pituitary adenomas in light of immuno-histological and molecular signatures as envisaged in the latest WHO classification guidelines. It further looks into evaluating and analysing the symptoms of the adenoma locally and at distant organs. Imaging and hormonal analysis has been discussed in detail for both functional, non-functional and pituitary apoplexy. Further, the therapeutic options- medical, surgical and their outcomes have been highlighted.
Rice Blast Disease in India: Present Status and Future Challenges
Authors: Chikkaballi Annegowda Deepak , Krishnareddy Prasannakumar Mothukapalli , Basavarajegowda Mahesh Hirehally , Bangera Siddabasappa Chethana , Devanna Pramesh , Nagaraj Banakar Sahana , Basavegowda Manojkumar Haniyambadi , Rajendra Prasad Siddegowda
Published: July 2021

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the staple food of the majority of Indians, and India is both the major producer and consumer of rice. Rice cultivation in India is confronted with diverse agro-climatic conditions, varying soil types, and several biotic and abiotic constraints. Among major fungal diseases of Rice in India, the blast caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is the most devastating disease, with the neck blast being the most destructive form. Most of the blast epidemic areas in India have been identified with a mixture of races blast fungus resulting in the resistance breakdown in a short period. At present, a more significant number of the rice varieties cultivated in India were bred by conventional breeding methods with blast resistance conferred by a single resistance gene. Therefore, the blast disease in India is predominantly addressed by the use of ecologically toxic fungicides. In line with the rest of the world, the Indian scientific community has proven its role by identifying several blast resistance genes and successfully pyramiding multiple blast resistance genes. Despite the wealth of information on resistance genes and the availability of biotechnology tools, not a great number of rice varieties in India harbor multiple resistance genes. In the recent past, a shift in the management of blast disease in India has been witnessed with a greater focus on basic research and modern breeding tools such as marker-assisted selection, marker-assisted backcross breeding, and gene pyramiding.
Cross-Laminated Timber: A Review on Its Characteristics and an Introduction to Chinese Practices
Authors: Wang Zhiqiang , Yin Tianxiao
Published: July 2021

Cross-laminated timber (CLT) is a popular engineering wood product in recent years. It has some characteristics of configuration and mechanical properties, which makes it an excellent building material for floor, roof and other places. In Europe and North America, lots of middle and high-rise buildings have adopted CLT as their main structural component. CLT has recently been used to construct public buildings in China. As a building material, the lower rolling shear properties of CLT has always been a concern. To overcome this shortcoming of CLT, the structural composite lumber and bamboo have been employed to develop hybrid CLT. This chapter also presents the latest development and advances of CLT in China.
They Got Their Show
Authors: Davis Garrett ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2021

What does it take to forgive? Why can’t we force ourselves to forgive sooner? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Nick’s high school daughter was murdered on her way to the Blockbuster Video store in 1995. Her friend and classmate, Benjie, was found guilty of her murder. Twenty years later a Netflix true crime series interviewed the witnesses and shined a light on the case, causing it to be reexamined. After 20 years, Benjie is released from prison as innocent. Nick is an alcoholic who, for 20 years, has failed to move on from his daughter’s death and dreamed of Benjie getting the electric chair. Now, he is called to be the taxi driver that picks Benjie up from the prison. They talk, and Nick begins to find forgiveness.
Claim
Authors: Ennis Fiona ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2021

Are there certain things you shouldn’t be able to insure against? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, the narrator has an eating disorder, and mental health issues. Regardless, she is a good employee at an insurance company. Just before closing, a call arrives from a good client, the local diocese who inquires about getting insurance to protect them against sexual abuse of children by priests. She takes the issue, and her concerns, to her boss who threatens to fire her if she fails to write the policy. It’s not their job to judge, he says, it’s their job to insure. A flashback shows why this point strikes so close home with the narrator. As a young child she was bullied on the school bus for being overweight. In an attempt to lose weight she started getting off the bus early to walk the last three miles home. Later, her bully accused the bus driver of touching her when they were on the bus alone together. Having come full circle, not much has changed. The narrator writes the contract, and sends it to the diocese to sign and return.
The Ascension Review of Xebob Zebble
Authors: Hoyle Sebastian ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2021

How do we judge behavior in the modern day that was considered acceptable at the time it was performed, but unacceptable by modern standards? In this work of philosophical short story fiction, Xebob is waiting for his accession review. If he passes, he will be named, for life, an Interaction Guide. In that position he will hear and issue proclamations governing the appropriate behaviors of everyone on his planet. The problem is, he is a MalPar-A, and a MalPar-B has recently come forward with allegations that he Danyar’ed, and maybe even Disma’ed, a MalPar-B in his youth. Xebob knows the story is true, and he knows the story will ruin his chances in front of the accession board. While he now believes these are inappropriate actions, as a youth he had felt differently. In fact, most of society at the time felt differently. Now he is faced with the difficult question, should he allow himself to be held accountable for the actions of his youth, or lie and say the accusations are false?
The Orphan’s Dilemma
Authors: Burrow Chris ,   After Dinner Conversation
Published: July 2021

Is it okay to erase memories of your past to give yourself a better chance at a happy future? In this work of philosophical short fiction, Harold is an orphan up for adoption. He has been selected to be adopted, which means, in order to be accepted by the family, he will need to have his memory wiped clean and implanted with the preferred memories of his new family. This, they say, will give him a better chance of integrating with his new family and living out a successful life. He, and other orphans, are called one by one to decide if this is a procedure, they are willing to accept so they can be adopted. Harold wonders what it will be like to no longer remember his first kiss, or his love of science fiction. These are the things, he reasons, that have allowed him to cope and grow from his difficult life. His name is called, it is time for him to decide.
Measuring the Greatness of the Great Men of Grand Politics
Authors: Kisiel Theodore ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

One day my name will be tied to the memory of something tremendous and monstrous---a crisis without equal on earth, the most profound collision of conscience, a decision that was conjured up against all that had hitherto been believed, mandated, hallowed. I am no man, I am dynamite.--- … ---the truth speaks out of me.---But my truth is terrible; for up to now one has only called lies truth.---Transvaluation of all values: that is my formula for an act of supreme self-examination [Selbstbesinnung] on the part of humanity, become flesh and genius in me. It is my fate to have to be the first honest human being, to place myself in opposition to the mendaciousness of millennia … When truth enters into a fight with the lies of millennia, we shall have upheavals, a convulsion of earthquakes, a moving of mountains and valleys the likes of which have never been dreamt of. The concept of politics then merges completely with a war of spirits [Geisterkrieg], all the power structures of the old society having been exploded, since they are all based on lies: there will be wars as there never yet have been on earth. It is first with me that there is grand politics on the earth.
Heidegger and Ecophenomenology
Authors: Glazebrook Trish ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

This paper is an application of Heidegger’s work to issues in sustainability and environmental justice that demonstrates the value and significance of his work beyond traditional contexts for analysis of his thinking. It argues that Heidegger prompts a constructive environmental phenomenology, which is developed around three themes: physics and teleology; dwelling in nature; and the social obligations of the sciences. Aristotle’s Physics is shown to provide Heidegger with a teleological conception of nature that promotes its intrinsic value. This analysis is used toward an environmental ethics of “dwelling,” in contrast to consumer culture’s reduction of nature to resource. Finally, Heidegger’s potential contribution to debates concerning the social obligations of the sciences is developed. Throughout these analyses, his work is connected with principles of deep ecology, social ecology and ecofeminism, and his applicability to environmental issues in international development is demonstrated. In conclusion, Heideggerian ecophenomenology is argued to promote sustainability and environmental justice insofar as it supports an alternative to the logic of domination currently overrunning the globe.
Function and Meaning
Authors: Feenberg Andrew ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

This paper traces the theoretical background to the split between function and meaning in the modernity theories of Marx, Lukács, Weber and Marcuse. It then discusses attempts to overcome the split in the recent philosophies of technology of Simpson and Borgmann. These attempts fail but help to focus the issue. A discussion of contemporary struggles over information technology offers a more hopeful perspective on a possible resolution of the split and suggests a new look at Heidegger’s phenomenology of action. The conclusion of the paper shows that Heidegger offers resources for addressing the relation of function and meaning which he himself did not develop.
The Singularity of Being and the Fourfold in the Later Heidegger
Authors: Backman Jussi ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

The paper studies the notion of the unique singularity (Einzigkeit, Einmaligkeit) of Being in Heidegger’s work, first and foremost in Contributions to Philosophy. I argue that whereas the Aristotelian metaphysical tradition regards Being as the most universal or “transcendental” notion that comprehends all instances of “to be,” Heidegger, by contrast, addresses Being in a “postmetaphysical” sense as the singularization of each meaningful situation into a unique configuration of a multidimensional meaning-context. I show that the theme of singularity was present in Heidegger’s thinking all the way from his 1915 dissertation on Duns Scotus and the notion of the singular instant (Augenblick) in Being and Time. Finally, I suggest an interpretation of the fourfold (Geviert) as Heidegger’s most developed articulation of the structure of this context-specific singularity of meaningfulness.
Beyond Heidegger’s Differential Ontology
Authors: Sholtz Janae ,   Heidegger Circle
Published: July 2021

The Heidegger/Deleuze affiliation is a rhizomatic crisscross of ontological, aesthetic and political paths. Both restore philosophy to ontology, re-positing the inceptive question of the relation of being and thinking by conceptualizing difference at the heart of being, identify a double movement of Being, propose theories of the event, and posit a people-to-come. Though their lexical and procedural similarities are alluring, Deleuze maintains that Heidegger’s ontological difference is too fixed, his conception of Being too formally and categorically bound to the powers of representation and that Heidegger introduced a necessary shame into philosophy. In this paper, I treat theirs as an encounter of provocation and productivity, attending to this relationship where it is articulated most extensively. Through the analysis of concepts such as the fold, difference, and event, I develop the political and ethical complications of Deleuze’s thought.
Soil quality and proposal for fertility improvement of arable soil in Rasina District
Authors: Sikirić Biljana , Mrvić Vesna , Stajković-Srbinović Olivera , Ugrenović Vladan , Jaramaz Darko , Koković Nikola
Published: July 2021

During the regular control of soil fertility in the Rasina District, it was established that the plots of land were distributed across Vertisol, Eutric Cambisol and Fluvisol types of soils, and to a lesser extent on Pseudogley and Ranker. The tested samples had different textures - sandy loam and loam, clay-sandy loam and clay loam, and clay. Plots of land that were of very acidic and acidic reactions were predominant, with medium amounts of humus, very low amounts of available phosphorus, and high amounts of available potassium. High or very high cation absorption capacity was found in about half of the examined fields; a deficient content of exchangeable Ca was recorded in 22% of plots and that of exchangeable Mg in 16% of plots, while an unfavorable Ca/Mg ratio was measured in 44% of plots. The overall sensitivity to acidification was mainly moderate (50.6% of plots) and strong (20.2% of plots). Very high concentrations of mobile Al, which could be toxic to plants, were found in 5 field plots.
Impact of rootstock on fruit physical properties of 'Pink Lady' apple
Authors: Milošević Tomo , Milošević Nebojša
Published: July 2021

During 2018 and 2019, we evaluated the main fruit physical properties [weight (FW), length (L), diameter (D), geometric mean diameter (Dg), length/diameter ratio (L/D ratio), sphericity (ph), surface area (S), fruit volume (V) and solid density (r)] of 'Pink Lady' apple grafted on dwarf M.9 T337, semi-dwarf M.26 and semi-vigour MM.106 rootstocks. Results showed that rootstocks significantly changed the properties evaluated with the exception of L/D ratio, ph and r. Among rootstocks, M.9 T33 7 produced the best properties, whereas lower and statistically similar values were obtained from M.26 and MM.106 rootstocks. All rootstocks promoted D higher than 66 mm, whereas only M.9 T337 induced D ≥70 mm. The rootstocks did not have the capacity to change the fruit shape of the 'Pink Lady' club cultivar.
Bioremediation of soil polluted with oil
Authors: Teofilović Vesna , Miletić Srđan , Živković Milica , Stojić Nataša , Pucarević Mira , Vrvić Miroslav
Published: July 2021

Microplastics have reached all corners of our planet, including soil and water. Plastic-degrading bacteria are seen as a promising, environmentally friendly tool for the bioremediation of soil polluted with microplastics. The petroleum origin of plastics makes them candidates for bioremediation analogous to the bioremediation of soil polluted with oil and its derivatives. A mud pit, located near the village of Turija, used for mud formation for the lubrication of drill pipes for drilling rigs, ended up polluted with oil and its derivatives. It was bioremediated using the in situ procedure. The content of n-hexane extractable substance, total petroleum hydrocarbon, dry substance, and loss on ignition were analyzed.
The effect of solid waste management investments in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Pavlović Aleksandra , Ivanišević Andrea , Katić Ivana , Lošonc Alpar , Radišić Mladen
Published: July 2021

The problem of establishing an effective solid waste management system is complex and still unresolved in Serbian municipalities, cities and settlements. Most landfills in Serbia do not meet basic sanitary standards and can often contain waste that is dangerous to human, plant and animal health, and waste that can be recycled is often dumped. The aim of this paper is to investigate the relationship between waste generation and private investments in waste management. Statistical method of multiple linear regression was used to examine the impact of three predictors - economic development, investments in waste management, and urban population, on the dependent variable - municipal solid waste generation. The results of the research reveal that investments in waste management in Serbia do not have an effect on the waste reduction because the financial resources for such investments are not adequately managed. There is a large number of scientific researches that have dealt with the analysis of the mentioned relationship, however, their number on the example of Serbia is rather scarce. The results of the research could be useful to the state administrations of the Republic of Serbia.
Financial malpractice as a destabilization factor of real financial reporting
Authors: Parnicki Pavle , Živković-Petrović Danijela , Tucaković Jelena
Published: July 2021

In the text of this scientific research we pointed out the natural correlation between the phenomenon of undertaking manipulative actions on financial and accounting reports by corporations, in circumstances of intensification, acceleration, as well as multiplication of fiscal pressure by the representatives of the management at the macroeconomic level. Also, with explications and scientific conclusions, we pointed out the destabilizing moments of consistent implementation of the principles of corporate governance, particularly in the circumstances of actual resorting to the use of different techniques of financial malversations by corporations or microeconomic entities as well as by individual households, because, in the etymological sense, they are also accepted as microeconomic subjects. At the same time, with the technique of optical laser guidance, we marked economic barriers and in the constellation of the subject matter without tendentious finger-pointing at individuals. Exclusively, using the technique of criticizing the contaminated state, the detection of neuralgic points of inhibition of optimal economic flows was performed, analysed through the prism of the need to respect the principles of corporate management.
Labor market in Serbia: The problem of undeclared work
Authors: Šutaković Teodora , Simović Danka
Published: July 2021

The focus of our research is the problem of undeclared work in the labor market in Serbia. We have investigated how frequent it is and what are the main reasons for it. Likewise, we have tested differences between different groups of employees and their level of undeclared work and their reasons for accepting it. The research is done based on the survey conducted in the Republic of Serbia in 2020. The obtained data from the survey was analysed by descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).