bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Certain peculiarities of canon law of the Catholic Church on the territory of Crimea in the XIII – early XIV centuries according to the data from papal bulls
Authors: Guselnikov Timur
Published: October 2021

This article examines the norms of canon law, which regulated the actions of the Catholic missionaries in Crimea since the emergence of first missions in the XIII century until the creation of eparchies in the early XIV century. Comprehension of the legal framework of Catholic missions is necessary for further research of social history of the region. The bulls Cum hora undecimal alongside Vos igitur and Gratias agimus, establish preferential legal regime on private matters that differs from the Western European canon law. Each question raised in the pontifical document is compared with the canonical norms of Western Europe and isolated cases on the territory of Crimea. Although papal bulls have always been used by the researchers of medieval Crimea, the legal content of these documents was usually outside the focus of attention. The author analyzes the content of the papal bulls through the prism of canon law of the Catholic Church, theological and legal discussions of the XIII – XIV centuries. Legal regime in the missionary territory was established in form of privileges and right to dispensation. The papal bull Cum hora undecima of 1245, repeatedly has been reissued repeatedly without significant amendments, is of particular importance for the researchers . In the questions of dispensation, consecration of churches and sacred objects, and granting of indulgences, the missionaries received the authority equal to the bishops and legates of the apostolic see. The converted to Catholicism local residents assumed a derogation in terms of closely related marriages, while clerics of the Eastern churches retained their rank and the right to stay married.
Virtual Reconstruction of Historical Objects as a Research Domain (1996-2020): the Structure of Scientific Discourse through Citations Analysis
Authors: Pavlov Kirill Vital'evich
Published: October 2021

The article searches for and analyzes stable scientific discourse patterns within the subject area named by means of bibliometric tools. To achieve this goal it uses analytical opportunities provided by the Scientific Electronic Library eLIBRARY.RU. Its platform has a selection of Russian research papers studying virtual reconstructions of historical and cultural heritage objects. The author has selected a pool of highly cited works and by means of Gephi software has created an oriented graph that provided for visualizing the links between the selected works, identifying "sub-subject" areas and finding their interaction and mutual influence within this research domain. The research novelty is the use of citation data to identify and analyze the structure of communications in this subject area. As a result, the article clarifies and supplements the existing typology of this research field. The author has distinguished seven relatively independent types of virtual reconstruction technologies use in history and has identified the leading research teams affiliated with Moscow State University, Siberian Federal University, Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Moscow Institute of Architecture and Center for Virtual History of Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. It is these research groups whose papers have had a significant theoretical and methodological influence on other authors in the process of formation and development of this research domain and thus confirmed their scientific value.
I nuovi scambi tra medici e pazienti: le parole della medicina
Authors: Carrassi Antonio M.
Published: October 2021

Medicine showed enormous progresses since the middle of the last century and, thanks to the overwhelming research activities, which characterized that period, the average life span of people has increased extraordinarily. Many diseases that once were considered incurable are now being successfully treated. However, the disease has often been placed at the core of the clinical process rather than the person, the individual, the patient. Even in recent years, the patient doesn’t always find in his doctor the appropriate degree of empathy, and the level of communication that would be desirable. Moreover, today we are living an extraordinary development and spreading use of digital resources and search engines. Patients exploit these tools to obtain any kind of information, included the one in the medical field. Information technology and search engines play an extremely important role in medicine, and they can be seen a pivotal communication instrument between clinicians and patients, although they can also provide inaccurate or incorrect feedback to laypeople looking for answers to health questions, who do not have enough medical knowledge to evaluate the reliability of the source. This problem has been raised by clinicians and, more generally, by health workers, who today operate with a view to greater psychological proximity to the patient, passing from a so-called Disease Centred Medicine to a clinical practice much more sensitive to the needs of the patient, to his experience, to the context in which he lives, thus achieving a Patient Centred Medicine. Listening, attention, empathy and the words that a clinician is required to use towards each patient, during the clinical routine, take on more and more value for a correct doctor-patient exchange and alliance.
The OpenNeuro resource for sharing of neuroscience data
Authors: Markiewicz Christopher J , Gorgolewski Krzysztof J , Feingold Franklin , Blair Ross , Halchenko Yaroslav O , Miller Eric , Hardcastle Nell , Wexler Joe , Esteban Oscar , Goncavles Mathias , Jwa Anita , Poldrack Russell
Published: October 2021

The sharing of research data is essential to ensure reproducibility and maximize the impact of public investments in scientific research. Here, we describe OpenNeuro, a BRAIN Initiative data archive that provides the ability to openly share data from a broad range of brain imaging data types following the FAIR principles for data sharing. We highlight the importance of the Brain Imaging Data Structure standard for enabling effective curation, sharing, and reuse of data. The archive presently shares more than 600 datasets including data from more than 20,000 participants, comprising multiple species and measurement modalities and a broad range of phenotypes. The impact of the shared data is evident in a growing number of published reuses, currently totalling more than 150 publications. We conclude by describing plans for future development and integration with other ongoing open science efforts.
Publishers as Partners
Authors: Donnelly Martin
Published: October 2021

Open Science is integral to the Royal Society of Chemistry’s organisational mission: to support the chemical science community to make the world a better place. It is essential to address global issues (such as current and future pandemics, and climate change) at a quicker pace than ever before, and in fundamentally more collaborative ways.
We believe that science which is carried out in a more open and transparent manner has the promise to increase the quality, robustness, longevity, trustworthiness and global impact of the work and its outcomes.
We recognise that publishers have not always been considered fellow-travellers in the Open movement, but as a not-for-profit publisher we believe we have an important role to play, learning from all of the stakeholders in the scientific ecosystem, from researchers to librarians and research funders, and providing leadership among our fellow publishers, large and small. As we seek to continually increase the proportion of our articles that are published as Open Access, we face a number of challenges, not least of which are the need for Open Science to be properly funded, with clear, common codes of practice and globally suitable solutions that go beyond equality to a position of international equity.
In this talk we will present the thinking and rationale around our recent and forthcoming developments, including the introduction of Data Availability Statements, transparent peer review, author contribution statements (following the CRediT taxonomy), Open Access books, and our support for engendering a more Open research culture across our community. We want this to be the beginning of a genuinely collaborative and open conversation about the concrete actions that publishers such as ourselves can perform or support in order to further our shared goals.
Changes in the spike and nucleocapsid protein of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus strain in Vietnam—a molecular potential for the vaccine development?
Authors: Tran Thach Xuan , Lien Nguyen T.K. , Thu Ha T. , Duy Nguyen Dinh , Duong Bui T.T. , Quyen Dong Van
Published: October 2021

Background

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a dangerous virus causing large piglet losses. PEDV spread rapidly between pig farms and caused the death of up to 90% of infected piglets. Current vaccines are only partially effective in providing immunity to suckling due to the rapid dissemination and ongoing evolution of PEDV.

Methods

In this study, the complete genome of a PEDV strain in Vietnam 2018 (IBT/VN/2018 strain) has been sequenced. The nucleotide sequence of each fragment was assembled to build a continuous complete sequence using the DNASTAR program. The complete nucleotide sequences and amino acid sequences of S, N, and ORF3 genes were aligned and analyzed to detect the mutations.

Results

The full-length genome was determined with 28,031 nucleotides in length which consisted of the 5′UTR, ORF1ab, S protein, ORF3, E protein, M protein, N protein, and 3′UTR region. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the IBT/VN/2018 strain was highly virulent belonged to the G2b subgroup along with the Northern American and Asian S-INDEL strains. Multiple sequence alignment of deduced amino acids revealed numerous mutations in the S, N, and ORF3 regions including one substitution766P > L766in the epitope SS6; two in the S0subdomain (135DN136>135SI136and N144> D144); two in subdomain SHR1at aa1009L > M1009and1089S > L1089; one at aa1279P > S1279in subdomain SHR2of the S protein; two at aa364N > I364and378N > S378in the N protein; four at aa25L > S25,70I > V70,107C > F107, and168D > N168in the ORF3 protein. We identified two insertions (at aa59NQGV62and aa145N) and one deletion (at aa168DI169) in S protein. Remarkable, eight amino acid substitutions (294I > M294,318A > S318,335V > I335,361A > T361,497R > T497,501SH502>501IY502,506I > T506,682V > I682, and777P > L777) were found in SAsubdomain. Besides, N- and O-glycosylation analysis of S, N, and ORF3 protein reveals three known sites (25G+, 123N+, and 62V+) and three novel sites (144D+, 1009M+, and 1279L+) in the IBT/VN/2018 strain compared with the vaccine strains. Taken together, the results showed that mutations in the S, N, and ORF3 genes can affect receptor specificity, viral pathogenicity, and the ability to evade the host immune system of the IBT/VN/2018 strain. Our results highlight the importance of molecular characterization of field strains of PEDV for the development of an effective vaccine to control PEDV infections in Vietnam.
Farmer Producer Companies in India: An Overview
Authors: Senthil Nathan T. S. , Palanichamy N. Venkatesa
Published: October 2021

Farmer Producer Companies (FPCs) have emerged as a solution to the problems that small and marginal farmers confront with. This study probed into the reasons for the farmer-producer companies’ establishment, as stated in different policy documents and past literature. Performance of Farmers Producer Companies has improved significantly; however, the emergence of FPCs in India has not been consistent across the states. This paper examines the current status, geographical spread and functions of Farmer's Producer Companies (FPCs) across India, as well as suggests suitable measure to their performance. The study indicated that a total of 6471 FPCs were formed, in which around 80 per cent i.e. 5145 FPCs were promoted by Small Farmers Agri-business Consortium (SFAC) and National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD), 1263 FPCs were promoted by various state government and other agencies, and 63 of them were self-promoted. More than 50 per cent of the FPCs are set up in Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal, Karnataka, Odisha and Telangana.  SFAC promoted large number of FPCs in Madhya Pradesh (149 FPCs) and NABARD has promoted large number of FPCs in Uttarakhand (362). The number of farmers mobilised through FPCs by SFAC and NABARD were highest in the state of Madhya Pradesh with 183517 farmer members, followed by Karnataka with 176732 farmer members. There were a number of factors that influenced state performance, and this study suggested some strategies to overcome them in order to promote the growth of FPCs in India.
Assessment of Different Oxidative, Endocrinological and Biochemical Parameters using Catharanthus Roseus on Rats
Authors: Dar Eshwa , Shaikh Abdul Rashid , Yousaf Muhammad Shahbaz , Adnan Muhammad , Akhtar Samar , Iqbal Kashif
Published: October 2021

The current study was planned to assess the different oxidative, Endocrinological and biochemical parameters using extract of Catharanthus roseus (C. roseus) on diabetic rats. Three groups of Diabetic rats were assigned viz. Group A have Negative Control which was fed basal diet; Group B have Positive Control and was non-supplemented; and Group C supplemented with C. roseus extract. The results showed that blood glucose level, ALT, TGs and urea concentration was elevated non-significantly (P>0.05), of Group C which was supplemented by C. roseus when compared with non-supplemented Group B animals. In Group C which was supplemented by C. roseus, AST, and Cholesterol results were decreased as showed by statistics analysis (non-significantly). When level of Blood cortisol was compared between Group C and B, there was increased in Group C, as per non-significant statistics measurements (P>0.05). It was observed that level of T4 and T3 hormones was decreased in Group C (supplemented by herbal extract) when compared with Group B. When catalase enzyme results were checked in animals comprised of Group A, B and C, it showed that rate of catalase increased, respectively. In conclusion, Catharanthus roseus restore the levels of thyroid hormones, and cholesterol; and elevate catalase enzyme activity in animals which produce stress relieving effect.
Effect of Myofascial Release Technique Verses Conventional Therapy in Tension Neck Syndrome: A Research Protocol
Authors: Nagore Aditi N. , Patil Deepali S. , Wadhokar Om C.
Published: October 2021

Background: A pain in the neck and shoulder region is referred to as tension neck syndrome. Symptoms include neck and shoulder muscular discomfort, pain, tiredness, and stiffness, as well as headaches. Palpable stiffening patches, sensitive sots, and spasms on the trapezius or sternocleidomastoid muscles may be identified during the physical examination, which are commonly coupled with neck pain on the opposing side, as well as a decreased range of flexion, extension, or rotation. Tension neck syndrome is a prevalent occurrence among computer                 users.

Methods: The participants (n=30) will be recruited in the study suffering from tension neck syndrome and meeting the inclusion criteria. Two groups will be formed such that patients in group A will be treated by myofascial release technique whereas group B will be treated by conventional therapy. The protocol will cover 2 weeks of treatment. Regular assessment will be carried out. In the rehabilitation period, we will evaluate activity of daily living. Our outcome measures will be Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS).

Discussion: Tension neck syndrome is more common in women than in men, and it is linked to computer users including office professionals, students, and others. Efficacy of the myofascial release technique verses conventional therapy will be evaluated by using Neck Disability Index (NDI) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). The result of the study will significantly provide affirmation on using myofascial release technique verses conventional therapy in tension neck syndrome patients.
An Improved Commercially Feasible Process for Flecainide Acetate
Authors: Takale Nilesh , Kaliyaperumal Neelakandan , Mannathusamy Gopalakrishnan , Govindasamy Rajarajan
Published: October 2021

Commercially viable manufacturing process for Flecainide Acetate (I) conforming to regulatory specification and cost effective process is reported. Specifically, an improved process for the preparation of Flecainide Acetate allows isolation of anhydrous hydrochloride salt of Compound III, which facilitates the reduction of the pyridine ring with the only catalytic amount of platinum on carbon within 2 hours Therefore, simplifies the synthesis and isolation of Flecainide acetate on a commercial scale to a considerable extent.
Possible Protective Effect of Silver Nanoparticles against Cisplatin Induced Pulmonary Inflammation in Rat Model
Authors: Alharbi Hanan Y. , Helmi Nawal W. , Salem Neveen A.
Published: October 2021

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are gaining interest in medical applications for their prominent antibacterial and antimicrobial potentials. AgNPs possess remarkable anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and enhances wound healing. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the therapeutic effect of administration of AgNPs on cisplatin (CP) induced pulmonary inflammation in rats. Sixty male albino rats were used in this study. Rats were divided into 6 groups (n=10). Group I control group. Group II and III control groups received AgNPs at doses (5 and 10 ppm). Group IV CP group received CP (2.5 mg/kg). Group V and VI CP group received AgNPs (5, and 10 ppm). All doses were administered intraperitoneally once a day for 4 weeks. Oxidative stress and antioxidant status, inflammatory mediators, fibrogenic as well as apoptotic markers were determined in lung tissues. The results revealed that rats treated with CP showed remarkable elevation in lung tissues MDA, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, CRP, Fibrinogen and P53 levels associated with depression in SOD, GSH and CAT activities. However, administration of AgNPs (5 or 10 ppm) to CP group resulted in significant amelioration of the aforementioned parameters in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological investigation of lung tissues of CP group demonstrated disruption of normal lung architecture and lung injury. However, treatment with AgNPs revealed significant improvement in lung tissue against CP- induced inflammatory changes and lung tissue damage. It could be concluded that AgNPs exert potent cytoprotective effects via combating oxidative stress, inflammation, fibrogenic and apoptotic markers and repairing histopathological changes in lung tissues.
To Evaluate the Effect of an Educational Programme on Breast Care Attentiveness among Young Mothers after Childbirth
Authors: Bharathi A. R.
Published: October 2021

The postpartum period, also known as the puerperium and the "fourth trimester," refers to the time after delivery when maternal physiologic changes related to pregnancy return to the non-pregnant state. From the day of delivery to six-eight weeks after delivery is termed as the fourth trimester. A few days after birth, the mother’s breast will swell with milk and become tender swollen, firm, and painful breasts. If the breasts are severely engorged, they are very swollen, hard, shiny, warm, and slightly lumpy to the touch. This is called engorgement. Breast care is necessary postnatally since this will avoid complications such as mastitis – infection caused due to trapped milk. Post natal education on breast care is much needed for all mothers. Mastitis, for example, is an infection that causes inflammation of the breast tissue. It’s most commonly caused by milk trapped in the breast. Untreated mastitis can lead to complications such as a collection of pus in the clogged milk ducts. Often, even well educated women seem to know very less about breast care post childbirth. Hence the present study was framed to assess on how much knowledge the new mothers possess about breast care (sample size: 60). From the results obtained we conclude that all the new mothers post the awareness rendered about breast care acquired good or adequate knowledge regarding the same when compared to pre-test. This emphasizes the need for public health interventions and awareness programs to educate as well as minimize the related complications.
Implications of divergence of methionine adenosyltransferase in archaea
Authors: Chouhan Bhanu Pratap Singh , Gade Madhuri , Martinez Desirae , Toledo‐Patino Saacnicteh , Laurino Paola
Published: October 2021

Methionine adenosyltransferase (MAT) catalyzes the biosynthesis of S‐adenosyl methionine from l‐methionine and ATP. MAT enzymes are ancient, believed to share a common ancestor, and are highly conserved in all three domains of life. However, the sequences of archaeal MATs show considerable divergence compared with their bacterial and eukaryotic counterparts. Furthermore, the structural significance and functional significance of this sequence divergence are not well understood. In the present study, we employed structural analysis and ancestral sequence reconstruction to investigate archaeal MAT divergence. We observed that the dimer interface containing the active site (which is usually well conserved) diverged considerably between the bacterial/eukaryotic MATs and archaeal MAT. A detailed investigation of the available structures supports the sequence analysis outcome: The protein domains and subdomains of bacterial and eukaryotic MAT are more similar than those of archaea. Finally, we resurrected archaeal MAT ancestors. Interestingly, archaeal MAT ancestors show substrate specificity, which is lost during evolution. This observation supports the hypothesis of a common MAT ancestor for the three domains of life. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that archaeal MAT is an ideal system for studying an enzyme family that evolved differently in one domain compared with others while maintaining the same catalytic activity.
Frequency, topic, and preferences: Tracking student engagement with several modalities of student–instructor contact in a first‐year course
Authors: Bingham Bailey E. , Rea Victoria , Robertson Lisa , Smith M. Alex , Jacobs Shoshanah
Published: October 2021

Meaningful student–instructor interactions during an undergraduate degree course can have important effects on student learning. The format by which those interactions are made possible can vary greatly. We investigated the preferred modality of contact and students’ reasons for contact across several modalities in a first‐year biology course. We tracked student–instructor contact for two‐course instructors who team teach collaboratively (rather than sequentially) across two‐course sections. Both instructors had identical scores on student evaluations of approachability. Student–instructor contact was facilitated using five ‘student hour’ modalities: (a) in office by appointment, (b) 1 h per week, in office drop in, (c) 1 h per week, virtual chat, (d) by email, (e) 10 min immediately after class. Though email was the preferred method of contact, the period immediately following the class instruction was the most popular of the face‐to‐face options. We note significant differences in the distribution of workload across the two instructors and make recommendations for increasing the accessibility of student–instructor contact and for equity in workload to support student learning.
Computational approaches to detect small lesions in 18F‐FDG PET/CT scans
Authors: Nichols Kenneth J. , DiFilippo Frank P. , Palestro Christopher J.
Published: October 2021

Purpose

When physicians interpret 18F‐FDG PET/CT scans, they rely on their subjective visual impression of the presence of small lesions, the criteria for which may vary among readers. Our investigation used physical phantom scans to evaluate whether image texture analysis metrics reliably correspond to visual criteria used to identify lesions and accurately differentiate background regions from sub‐centimeter simulated lesions.

Methods

Routinely collected quality assurance test data were processed retrospectively for 65 different 18F‐FDG PET scans performed of standardized phantoms on eight different PET/CT systems. Phantoms included 8‐, 12‐, 16‐, and 25‐mm diameter cylinders embedded in a cylindrical water bath, prepared with 2.5:1 activity‐to‐background ratio emulating typical whole‐body PET protocols. Voxel values in cylinder regions and background regions were sampled to compute several classes of image metrics. Two experienced physicists, blinded to quantified image metrics and to each other's readings, independently graded cylinder visibility on a 5‐level scale (0 = definitely not visible to 4 = definitely visible).

Results

The three largest cylinders were visible in 100% of cases with a mean visibility score of 3.3 ± 1.2, while the smallest 8‐mm cylinder was visible in 58% of cases with a significantly lower mean visibility score of 1.5±1.1 (P < 0.0001). By ROC analysis, the polynomial‐fit signal‐to‐noise ratio was the most accurate at discriminating 8‐mm cylinders from the background, with accuracy greater than visual detection (93% ± 2% versus 76% ± 4%, P = 0.0001), and better sensitivity (94% versus 58%, P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Image texture analysis metrics are more sensitive than visual impressions for detecting sub‐centimeter simulated lesions. Therefore, image texture analysis metrics are potentially clinically useful for 18F‐FDG PET/CT studies.
Vascular Ultrasound for Giant Cell Arteritis: Establishing a Protocol Using Vascular Sonographers in a Fast‐Track Clinic in the United States
Authors: Oshinsky Charles , Bays Alison M. , Sacksen Ingeborg , Jernberg Elizabeth , Zierler R. Eugene , Diamantopoulos Andreas P. , Liew Jean W. , Chung Sarah H. , Pollock P. Scott
Published: October 2021

Objective

We developed a fast‐track clinic (FTC) to expedite the evaluation of patients suspected of having giant cell arteritis (GCA) using vascular ultrasound. Though FTCs have demonstrated efficacy in Europe, no protocolized clinic in the United States has been developed. This study introduces a new FTC model unique to the United States, using vascular sonographers, and describes the protocols used to develop reliable findings. We evaluate clinical outcomes using vascular ultrasound and temporal artery biopsy (TAB).

Methods

A retrospective review included all subjects referred to the University of Washington FTC aged 50 years old or older who received both ultrasound and TAB between November 2017 and November 2019. Ultrasound was performed by a vascular sonographer trained in GCA detection. Ultrasound results were read by a vascular surgeon and reviewed by four rheumatologists certified in musculoskeletal ultrasound who had completed a course in vascular ultrasound use in GCA and large‐vessel vasculitis.

Results

A total of 43 subjects underwent both vascular ultrasound and TAB. Six subjects had both positive ultrasound and TAB results. There were also seven positive ultrasound results in patients with negative TAB results, most due to detection of large‐vessel GCA (LV‐GCA). All 29 subjects with negative ultrasound results had negative TAB results.

Conclusion

This is the first study in the United States to demonstrate a reliable FTC protocol using vascular sonographers. This protocol demonstrated good agreement between ultrasound and TAB and allowed for the detection of additional cases of LV‐GCA by vascular ultrasound. Vascular ultrasound improved the rate of GCA diagnosis primarily by detecting additional cases of LV‐GCA.
Microfluidics: Recent Advances Toward Lab‐on‐Chip Applications in Bioanalysis
Authors: Sharma Bharat , Sharma Ashutosh
Published: October 2021

Microfluidics is an emerging technology of flow and control of fluids in microscale volume that offers highly specialized solutions to rapid, sensitive, noninvasive analysis and measurements in various engineering applications. When combined with microelectromechanical systems (MEMSs), microfluidics technology has shown remarkable developments in small‐scale devices for biosensing, chemical solutions, and precise detection of particles at a higher rate. MEMS‐inspired microfluidics technology can contribute to the highly sensitive, recyclable, and portable sensing platforms for large‐scale integration devices. In this review, the history and developmental phases occurring in MEMS are detailed. Finally, this review is concluded with future scope and guidelines for enabling the various approaches to overcome the obstacles and the mass commercialization of microfluidic devices. Recent applications of microfluidics in biosensing are also highlighted where research should be focused in the future.
Stable Cycling of All‐Solid‐State Batteries with Sacrificial Cathode and Lithium‐Free Indium Layer
Authors: Park Sang Wook , Choi Hong Jun , Yoo Yiseul , Lim Hee‐Dae , Park Jun‐Woo , Lee Yoo‐Jin , Ha Yoon‐Cheol , Lee Sang‐Min , Kim Byung Gon
Published: October 2021

All‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs) comprising solidified cathodes, electrolytes, and Li–metal anodes have attracted notable attention as promising future batteries for electric vehicles owing to their exceptional stability and expectation of achieving high energy density. However, its permanent operation has been hindered by Li dendrite growth, chemo–mechanical degradation, and interfacial instability, leading to Li exhaustion, increased resistance, and internal short‐circuiting. Herein, for the first time, the authors report the effects of a lithium nitride (Li3N) sacrificial cathode on the cycling performance of ASSBs combined with a Li‐free In layer. Through in situ evolved gas and internal pressure change analyses of the cells, it is found that, as with the liquid electrolyte cell, the decomposed Li3N compensates for active Li consumed by side reactions in the cell. Moreover, it is demonstrated that the improved interparticle contact by volume expansion of In through additionally supplied Li as well as the interfacial stability at the anode side by the dendrite‐free In layer, are strongly responsible for the improved cyclability of the ASSBs. The findings reveal the effectiveness of the Li compensation approach for the stable cycling of ASSBs based on the secured interfacial stability at the anode side.
Reversible Cation‐Mediated Anionic Redox in Defect Spinel Structure for High Power Batteries
Authors: Bakierska Monika , Chudzik Krystian , Świętosławski Michał , Klejna Sylwia , Kubicka Marcelina , Marciszko‐Wiąckowska Marianna , Gajewska Marta , Walas Stanisław , Molenda Marcin
Published: October 2021

With ever‐increasing energy demand, more efforts are dedicated to designing innovative electrode materials providing higher storage capability and power output. As it has been demonstrated recently, the use of mixed cation–anion redox reactions opens up new possibilities for the significant rise of material's capacity and unusual electrochemical characteristics of lithium‐ion battery electrodes. In this paper, a new type of fast cation‐mediated anionic redox reaction in the 3D spinel structure is presented. Li0.98K0.01Mn1.86Ni0.11O4 shows 170% of stoichiometric spinel theoretical capacity without voltage hysteresis or significant capacity and voltage fading attributed to limitations of reversible anionic redox. The authors’ sol–gel‐derived defect spinel structure can deliver 250 mAh g−1 at 1C and retain 64% of this capacity under a high 50C current rate. The observed electrochemical process shows the reversibility unseen before in mixed cation–anion redox cathode materials for Li‐ion systems.
Large Tunneling Magnetoresistance in van der Waals Ferromagnet/Semiconductor Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhu Wenkai , Lin Hailong , Yan Faguang , Hu Ce , Wang Ziao , Zhao Lixia , Deng Yongcheng , Kudrynskyi Zakhar R. , Zhou Tong , Kovalyuk Zakhar D. , Zheng Yuanhui , Patanè Amalia , Žutić Igor , Li Shushen , Zheng Houzhi , Wang Kaiyou
Published: October 2021

2D layered chalcogenide semiconductors have been proposed as a promising class of materials for low‐dimensional electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices. Here, all‐2D van der Waals vertical spin‐valve devices, that combine the 2D layered semiconductor InSe as a spacer with the 2D layered ferromagnetic metal Fe3GeTe2 as spin injection and detection electrodes, are reported. Two distinct transport behaviors are observed: tunneling and metallic, which are assigned to the formation of a pinhole‐free tunnel barrier at the Fe3GeTe2/InSe interface and pinholes in the InSe spacer layer, respectively. For the tunneling device, a large magnetoresistance (MR) of 41% is obtained under an applied bias current of 0.1 µA at 10 K, which is about three times larger than that of the metallic device. Moreover, the tunneling device exhibits a lower operating bias current but a more sensitive bias current dependence than the metallic device. The MR and spin polarization of both the metallic and tunneling devices decrease with increasing temperature, which can be fitted well by Bloch's law. These findings reveal the critical role of pinholes in the MR of all‐2D van der Waals ferromagnet/semiconductor heterojunction devices.
Soft Biomorph Actuators Enabled by Wafer‐Scale Ultrathin 2D PtTe2Layers
Authors: Okogbue Emmanuel , Mofid Sohrab Alex , Yoo Changhyeon , Han Sang Sub , Jung Yeonwoong
Published: October 2021

Biomorph actuators composed of two layers with asymmetric thermal expansion properties are widely explored owing to their high mechanical adaptability. Electrothermal nanomaterials are employed as the Joule heating components in them for controlled thermal expansion, while their large integration thickness often limits resulting actuation performances. This study reports high‐performance ultrathin soft biomorph actuators enabled by near atom‐thickness 2D platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) layers—a new class of emergent metallic 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. The actuators employ wafer‐scale 2D PtTe2layers sandwiched in between two polymer films of largely mismatched thermal expansion coefficients, which are electrically biased to generate Joule heating. This electrical‐to‐thermal conversion causes the asymmetric expansion of the polymers achieving outstanding actuation motions; i.e., large bending curvature, fast responsiveness, as well as high reversibility and endurance, which surpass the performances of previously explored graphene‐based actuators with much smaller dimensions. Furthermore, the 2D PtTe2layers‐enabled actuators are demonstrated to function as soft grippers in lifting and relocating heavier objects, implying the great potential of near atom‐thickness materials in biomimetic devices.
Highly Durable and Stretchable Ti3C2Tx/PPy‐Fabric‐Based Strain Sensor for Human‐Motion Detection
Authors: Yang Kun , Cheng Haonan , Wang Bo , Tan Yongsong , Ye Ting , Yang Yongqiang , Wang Chaoxia
Published: October 2021

Flexible, stretchable, and wearable fabric strain sensors can easily detect human motions and monitor human health, but their utility is limited by poor stability and sensing performance. The stability and sensing performances of the fabric strain sensors are invariably determined by the fabric and conductive materials. Here, a Ti3C2Tx/polypyrrole (PPy) nylon strain sensor is fabricated using a facile one‐step polymerization of pyrrole (Py) monomers in the presence of Ti3C2Txsuspension at 0 °C. The Ti3C2Txnanosheets/PPy nanospheres heterostructure adhered to the nylon substrate inhibits mutual agglomeration and stacking, which provides more electron transfer pathways. The nylon substrate and two conductive materials endow the sensor with excellent stretchability (50%), low resistance (80 Ω cm−1), fast response (40 ms), and recovery (70 ms), a wide sensing range (0–50%), and long‐term sensing function (2000 cycles). With these virtues, the prepared Ti3C2Tx/PPy nylon sensor can monitor human activities effectively, including joint bending (finger, elbow, and knee) and subtle motions (carotid pulse, slight pressing, and speaking vibrations). The flexible and highly conductive Ti3C2Tx/PPy strain sensor exhibits a promising sensing performance against the external strain, allowing it to be used in health‐care monitoring.
Photopolymerization of Zeolite Filler‐Based Composites for Potential 3D Printing Application and Gas Adsorption Applications
Authors: Zhang Yijun , Gao Yuanyuan , Josien Ludovic , Nouali Habiba , Vaulot Cyril , Simon‐Masseron Angélique , Lalevée Jacques
Published: October 2021

In recent years, photopolymerization has been found wide applications in industry and daily life, while many defective properties of polymers limit their development, including compressive strength, mechanical properties, and functions. Furthermore, zeolites are microporous solids with many industrial applications. As fillers they can improve mechanical properties of zeolite/polymer composite and transfer their properties to composites. Here the fabrication is reported of composites with very high filler contents (80–95 wt%) under mild photopolymerization conditions (visible LED light irradiation, room temperature, under air). Compared to pure poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) polymer, mechanical properties have been greatly improved, and the storage modulus increased by nearly 20‐fold compared to that of pure polymer. After debinding/sintering of composites by high temperature treatment, zeolite porosity is preserved with good adsorption capacities. Some step‐like object with 3D structure is also obtained by an original 3D printing technique noted “layer by layer molding/curing.” Hence, as a great breakthrough, this work is expected to lead to a valuable development in the field of photopolymerization in quite highly filled composites. This also will expand their potential applications for 3D printing in the fields of high‐performance lightweight materials and adsorption, and opens the door to a new process of zeolite shaping.
Dimsyl Anion Enables Visible‐Light‐Promoted Charge Transfer in Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Aryl Halides
Authors: Pan Lei , Cooke Maria Victoria , Spencer Amara , Laulhé Sébastien
Published: October 2021

A methodology is reported for visible‐light‐promoted synthesis of unsymmetrical chalcogenides enabled by dimsyl anion in the absence of transition‐metals or photoredox catalysts. The cross‐coupling reaction between aryl halides and diaryl dichalcogenides proceeds with electron‐rich, electron‐poor, and heteroaromatic moieties. Mechanistic investigations using UV‐Vis spectroscopy, time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculations, and control reactions suggest that dimsyl anion forms an electron‐donor‐acceptor (EDA) complex capable of absorbing blue light, leading to a charge transfer responsible for generation of aryl radicals from aryl halides. This previously unreported mechanistic pathway may be applied to other light‐induced transformations performed in DMSO in the presence of bases and aryl halides.

magnified image
Recent Progress in Skin‐on‐a‐Chip Platforms
Authors: Cui Mingyue , Wiraja Christian , Zheng Mengjia , Singh Gurvinder , Yong Ken‐Tye , Xu Chenjie
Published: October 2021

As the largest organ of the body, the skin acts as a physical barrier for preventing excessive water loss and infection, and the host of many cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. Currently, two‐dimensional (2D) cell culture and animal models are extensively used as mainstream platforms to understand skin biology and assess therapeutic drug efficacy. However, 2D cell culture model fails to recapitulate the intricate interactions between cells and the extracellular matrix. The metabolic state of 2D‐cultured cells is typically similar, unlike the physiological condition in the body. Also, there is a growing ethical concern over the use of animal studies. Significant advances in microfluidics and tissue engineering have led to the development of three‐dimensional (3D) skin‐on‐a‐chip (SOC) technology, which offers a cost‐effective alternative to conventional preclinical models for the validation and testing of pharmaceutical and cosmetic products. This review discusses the recent developments in the design of various SOCs, their fabrication strategies and methods for introducing skill cells to the chip, and their respective biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook on current applications, challenges, and future research direction in this field is provided.
Magnetic Driven Double Curved Conical Microhelical Robot
Authors: Lin Jieqiong , Zhu Zhenyan , Jing Xian , Lu Mingming , Gu Yan
Published: October 2021

The swimming performance of the magnetic driven microhelical robot is mainly determined by its geometric structure. In this research, the existing swimming mathematical model of the microhelical robot is extended by the microelement method, so that it can be used to calculate the swimming speed of the double curved conical microhelical robot (DCCMHR) below the step‐out frequency. Then, the swimming performance of the microhelical robot with different geometric characteristics is explored through simulation experiments, and the structure of DCCMHR is further optimized by analyzing the influence of geometric parameters such as helix angle, helical length, helical wire diameter, cone angle, and the number of thread on the swimming performance of the robot. Compared with the traditional microhelical robot, the swimming speed of the improved microhelical robot can be increased by about 1.2 times, and the stability can be increased by about 25%, which provides a good foundation for the future application of microhelical robot in complex environment, such as minimally invasive surgery, drug delivery, cell transportation, living detection and so on.
Improved Interface Charge Transfer and Redistribution in CuO‐CoOOH p‐n Heterojunction Nanoarray Electrocatalyst for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Hu Jing , Al‐Salihy Adel , Wang Jing , Li Xue , Fu Yanfei , Li Zhonghua , Han Xijiang , Song Bo , Xu Ping
Published: October 2021

Electron density modulation is of great importance in an attempt to achieve highly active electrocatalysts for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, the successful construction of CuO@CoOOH p‐n heterojunction (i.e., p‐type CuO and n‐type CoOOH) nanoarray electrocatalyst through an in situ anodic oxidation of CuO@CoSx on copper foam is reported. The p‐n heterojunction can remarkably modify the electronic properties of the space‐charge region and facilitate the electron transfer. Moreover, in situ Raman study reveals the generation of SO42− from CoSx oxidation, and electron cloud density distribution and density functional theory calculation suggest that surface‐adsorbed SO42− can facilitate the OER process by enhancing the adsorption of OH−. The positively charged CoOOH in the space‐charge region can significantly enhance the OER activity. As a result, the CuO@CoOOH p‐n heterojunction shows significantly enhanced OER performance with a low overpotential of 186 mV to afford a current density of 10 mA cm−2. The successful preparation of a large scale (14 × 25 cm2) sample demonstrates the possibility of promoting the catalyst to industrial‐scale production. This study offers new insights into the design and fabrication of non‐noble metal‐based p‐n heterojunction electrocatalysts as effective catalytic materials for energy storage and conversion.
A Perspective on Collective Properties of Atoms on 2D Materials
Authors: Del Maestro Adrian , Wexler Carlos , Vanegas Juan M. , Lakoba Taras , Kotov Valeri N.
Published: October 2021

Atoms deposited on 2D electronic materials, such as graphene, can exhibit unconventional many‐body correlations, not accessible in other settings. All of these are driven by van der Waals forces: between the atoms themselves and atom‐material interactions. For example 4He atoms on 2D materials can potentially form a variety of exotic quantum states of matter, such as 2D supersolids and superfluids, in addition to solid phases. For the “most quantum” case of a single helium layer we discuss, from a theoretical perspective, how the effective low‐energy (Bose–Hubbard) description can take advantage of the extreme sensitivity of this unique system to the interplay between the atomic (helium) and solid‐state (graphene) components. Due to the extraordinary variety and tunability of 2D electronic materials, it is envisaged that a wide range of correlated atomic phases can be realized under favorable conditions. Exciting possibilities in the opposite extreme of many atomic layers forming a liquid on top of graphene are also outlined —in this case a so‐called “spinodal dewetting” pattern can form at the liquid–vapor interface which reflects the presence and electronic properties of graphene underneath. Such patterns could be manipulated by choosing different atoms and materials, with potential technological applications.
All‐Soft and Stretchable Thermogalvanic Gel Fabric for Antideformity Body Heat Harvesting Wearable
Authors: Ding Tianpeng , Zhou Yi , Wang Xiao‐Qiao , Zhang Chen , Li Tongtao , Cheng Yin , Lu Wanheng , He Jiaqing , Ho Ghim Wei
Published: October 2021

Currently, “wearable thermal‐electric harvester” is a loose term for technology that embraces rigid thermoelectric leg incorporated flexible substrates. In reality, they are not exclusively flexible, much less totally soft and stretchable. Likewise, conventional substrate‐dependent thermogalvanic cells lack the highly sought after mechanical adaptability, and hinder the full exploitation of the inherent merit of their fluidic matrices. The existence of the substrate causes poor air permeability and worse still, leads to low heat transfer efficiency. Here, a soft and stretchable thermogalvanic fabric directly woven out of p/n alternating hydrogel‐based fibers is proposed. In addition to improved wearing comfort, the compliant mechanical properties of the thermogalvanic fabric possess desired adaptability to irregular and continuously deformed skin, so as to realize conformal and efficient body heat harvesting. The scalable and modular, processable soft gel serves as the groundwork to the realization of prototypical arbitrary fabric design and potentially a new battery‐free bodily heat harvesting wearable.
Data‐driven prescriptive maintenance toward fault‐tolerant multiparametric control
Authors: Gordon Christopher A. K. , Pistikopoulos Efstratios N.
Published: October 2021

Prescriptive maintenance can improve system effectiveness and system safety via integrated production and maintenance optimization. However due to system disruptions there is potential for abnormal operations and an undesirable increased occurrence of process safety incidents. This research provides a multiparametric‐based framework for safety‐aware, maintenance‐aware, and disruption‐aware process control. It leverages ensemble classification via machine learning classifiers for fault detection, mixed‐integer nonlinear programming for integrated safety‐aware production and maintenance scheduling, as well as hybrid multiparametric model predictive control for fault‐tolerant setpoint tracking. The results show that the ensemble classifier outperforms the individual classifiers in terms of fault detection accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Furthermore, it is seen that the developed controllers are able to reconfigure the control actions based on process disruption information. The framework is illustrated with a chemical complex system, and a cooling water system. The approach can be used to help improve the safety and productivity of industrial processes.