bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward the Understanding of Micro-TLC Behavior of Various Dyes on Silica and Cellulose Stationary Phases Using A Data Mining Approach
Authors: Pereira Jorge C , Marques Jorge M C , Włodarczyk Elżbieta , Fenert Bożena , Zarzycki Paweł K
Published: May 2018

Planar chromatography and related techniques [micro-planar chromatography, micro-TLC, or paper-based microfluidic devices (μPADs)] present several advantages in analytical applications, such as simplicity, low cost of analysis, and the ability to work with raw complex samples without the involvement of time-consuming prepurification steps. By using commonly applied planar chromatographic systems and μPADs devices, stationary phases (silica and cellulose based), different solvent mixtures (methanol–water and dichloromethane–methanol), and proportions varying from 0 to 100% (v/v), micro-TLC migration profiles of several dyes described in terms of characteristic of chromatographic parameters (retardation factor, peak base width, and asymmetry factor) were investigated. Combining these results with some quantum mechanics calculated properties for each solute (dipole moment, polarizability), and by using the data mining approach, we modeled this overall chromatographic behavior in order to describe experimental data. With this approach, we were able to predict with reasonable confidence some chromatographic properties. This effort its crucial in order to (1) optimize solute elution, (2) increase mixture resolution, and (3) identify some molecular properties of analytes for designing simple micro-TLC. It is hoped that the presented nonhypothesis-driven data-mining approach can be helpful for understanding the chromatographic behavior of dyes on silica and cellulose adsorbents using the simplest mobile phases. This should be helpful for further designing the micro-TLC separation systems or μPADs quantification devices based on cellulose and related biopolymers and considering dye compounds as analytes for separation and sensing molecules.
Breaking the Rules, Configuring the New Philosophical Investigations of the Prerequisites for Innovation in the New Creative Economy
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This article focuses on what I comprehend as the inherent dilemma in the tension between innovation and adaptation, as articulated in the policy documents of the emerging knowledge economy. In the first section, I delineate a horizon of understanding for my presentation by defining the societal transformations in the historical context in which the question of innovation has arisen. Then, in the second section, I elaborate on a diagnosis of the new and predominant flexible organization of knowledge.In the last two sections, I introduce hermeneutical perspectives into the discussion by a close reading of one of Paul Ricoeur’s major works from the mid 1970s, here interpreted as a profound investigation into the micro mechanisms of the epistemology of creativity. Thus, revealing the ontological implications of innovation as well as the anthropological prerequisites of a creativity with a “human face.”
The Emerging Domain of the Political
Authors: Rasmussen David M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This essay deals with two conceptions of the political; one that entails a clash of civilizations associated with a Schmittian critique of liberalism and a second which envisions the political as an emerging domain. The latter idea can be associated with the later work of John Rawls which separates the comprehensive from the political. I argue that it is this idea when reconstructed in relationship to a theory of multiple modernities that can be appropriated for an emerging notion of global justice. Hence, it is in the domain of the political that we should look for a new and emerging concept of justice.
Quand la communication perd la parole
Authors: Chardel Pierre-Antoine ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

If Emmanuel Lévinas does not develop a criticism of audiovisual technologies, sometimes even granting them hermeneutical virtues, he remains mindful of the risks incurred by societies that are increasingly determined by these technologies. In this article we want to underline the fact that, for Lévinas, considerable distraction can be generated by information technology, which risks neutralizing the experience of living speech. Compared to these risks, a certain ethical urgency must serve as a reminder that, if the responsibility is not just a figure of speech, it demands we question the way in which we understand images in our societies that may be fully configured by the flow of information, and the way we understand how the other is revealed to us through screens.
Islamophobia as a Racism
Authors: Bernasconi Robert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The distinction between xenophobia and racism is sometimes used to deny that Islamophobia is a racism. I challenge this strategy by tracing that distinction back to the formation of the term racism by Franz Boas, Julian Huxley, and Ashley Montagu, that culminated in the UNESCO Statement on Race in 1950. By showing the connection between their understanding of racism and the deployment in this context of further distinctions, such as that between race and religion, or that between nature and culture, and by recalling the ideological purpose the use of these distinctions were intended to serve, I deploy a genealogical approach to show that Islamophobia is a racism. Racism cannot be identified through the use of analytically established distinctions when what is at issue is the discriminatory behavior which is at its heart. Antiracism needs to learn to be as flexible in its thinking as racism appears to be.
Coping with Academic Schizophrenia
Authors: Kristensson Uggla Bengt ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The aim of this article is to cope with the academic schizophrenia and the anthropological deficit of contemporary social theory by a comparative investigation of Christian Smith and Paul Ricoeur. Two interrelated “gaps” are identified: the “external” gap, which has to do with the brutal, yet seldom recognized, contrast between the naïve, uncritical praise of humanism in public life, and the theoretical anti-humanism of the strong versions of the predominant poststructuralist and postmodern epistemologies within human and social sciences - and the “internal” gap associated with the academic schizophrenia of scholars who systematically disconnect scholarly theory and personal experience, description of facts from normative convictions. In order to provide resources to cope with these challenges, the author turns to Smith and Ricoeur, considered as two different versions of contemporary personalism.
Between Flesh and Text
Authors: Kearney Richard ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This essay explores how Paul Ricoeur analyses the body as both flesh and text. Beginning with a phenomenology of embodiment and life in his early philosophy of the will, after his hermeneutic turn in the 1960s he concentrated more on the mediation of flesh through textual interpretation and language. This led Ricoeur beyond Husserl and Levinas and closer to the work of Merleau-Ponty. His later writing opens horizons for rethinking the ‘flesh of the world’ in new ontological and ethical ways.
L 'articulation de l'éthique et du politique dans l'horizon d'une philosophie de l'acte (2e partie)
Authors: Amalric Jean-Luc ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is to show the anthropological resources of Ricceur’s philosophy of the act, in order to elaborate a living articulation of ethics and politics that avoids the deadlock which represents the idea of a complete divorce between moral idealism and political realism. In this second part, it defends the thesis that the reconquest of an “ethical-political teleology” is only possible to the extent that, in Ricceur, the reappropriation of the “ethical originary affirmation” takes a radically critical form. Then it tries to show how this critical approach is likely to lead to a release of the mediating power of social imaginary, which always complements and precedes our acts.
On Narrative Substitution
Authors: Michel Johann ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The aim of this paper is, first, to test the hypothesis whereby narrativity constitutes an existential in the Heideggerian sense. Second, the author renews his appeal for a pluralism of possible modes of self-emplotment, without presupposing any separation between pre-narrative experience and narrative experience. Finally, he devotes some time to a discussion with Strawson and Ricceur on the limits of narrative or, more accurately, to limit-narrativity as a form of narration impeded as a result of traumatic experiences. The article then introduces the concept of narrative substitution in highlighting the role played by others and by third-person narrators who substitute themselves for the inability to self- emplot. - Key-words: narrativity, Ricceur, Strawson, traumatic experiences, self-emplotment.
Environnement, éthique et droit
Authors: Delmas-Marty Mireille ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The 21st International Climate Conference (COP21) demonstrated that a global consensus is possible among 195 countries. For this reason, we could say that climate change is a chance (perhaps the last) for humanity.It is indeed the only area where worldly governance now seems possible, although it also is needed to fight, for example, against global terrorism or to regulate international migration. - Through the ongoing experience concerning climate policy, a triple dynamic, which would establish a genuine global governance, can be drawn: recognizing interdependencies, regulating contradictions, making actors aware of their responsibilities. It is therefore urgent we learn the lessons of the COP 21.
(Wie) lässt sich ethische Verantwortung für die natürliche Umwelt begründen?
Authors: Borsche Tilman ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Nature doesn’t need our care, the environment does. “Our” environment is a relational term implying surroundings that are inhabitable, allowing us not only to survive but to live good lives. For ages our “natural” environment was understood as that part of our environment that was given by nature and, therefore, not accessible to human actions as are our cultural and social environments. We had to accept it and adapt to it. Nowadays we are faced with the fact that more and more parts of our natural environment can be and are altered or prevented from altering by human manipulations. So ethical responsibility is extending beyond the traditional fields of social and cultural environmental conditions. We will have to find answers to the new question of what kind of nature we want to preserve, to cultivate, and to build, and for whom and to whom we are responsible.
An Environmental Ethics from Teaism
Authors: Dy Manuel B. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This paper is a modest attempt to derive an environmental ethics of Teaism from Kakuzo Okakura’s The Book of Tea and Daisetz T. Suzuki’s Zen and Japanese Culture, for as both authors assert, Teaism is not just aestheticism but also religion and ethics with regards to the whole point of view about man and nature. The first part presents the main features of the Teaism, its brief history, the tea room and tea ceremony, and the philosophies behind it. The second part applies Max Scheler’s axiological ethics, particularly his notion of love as a movement towards the enhancement of the value inherent in the beloved to the love of Nature expressed in the tea ceremony. An environmental ethics from Teaism would then mean developing a habit of harmonizing, revering, purifying and being joyful in poverty before the ephemeral, the ever-changing and self- forgetfulness of Nature, including our human nature.
Éthique et environnement chez Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Authors: Canivez Patrice ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This paper deals with the relationships between ethics and the environment in Rousseau’s thought. The concept of environment is understood in its various dimensions. What is at stake is the natural, as well as the social and political, environment of human beings. The notion of ethics is also understood in a broad sense. We do not set ethics, understood as the search for happiness (or for the good life) against morality, understood as the fulfillment of duty. However, we take up two main questions. The first question concerns the influence of the environment, both natural and social, upon the ethical development of human beings. The second question concerns the responsibility of human beings towards nature. We examine what Rousseau teaches us regarding these two questions. Finally, we envisage liberty from the point of view of the relationships between nature and the political order. Human liberty is a matter of rights. It depends upon the republican nature of the state. However, liberty is also a sentiment that is intimately related to the living experience of nature. In order to understand what Rousseau means by liberty, we must grasp this intimate relationship between nature and politics.
The Lack of a Concept of Justice in Japan
Authors: Hashimoto Noriko ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

In the case of Japan, we accepted the Chinese philosophy of morality when we received the Chinese character Yi: it means responsibility to Heaven (vertical) and, at the same time, responsibility to community (horizontal). An act having this structure might be our responsibility as human beings: yi means “justice”, keeping balance between Heaven and Earth. The Japanese people had such a balance until the Edo era. In 1868, when the Meiji Restoration occurred, the Japanese government tried to accept Western ideas. Cyoumin Nakae introduced the Western philosophy of law and the constitutional system. He translated Rousseau’s The Social Contract into Japanese and gave a series of lectures on the social contract. The fundament of his thought is concentrated in the “rights of Liberty”. He emphasized transcendental liberty beyond personal, phenomenal liberty and found the same structure in Mencius. His idea of ft suggests the way of justice. Unfortunately, this idea was crushed with the death of his talented disciple in prison. After the book of Bushido, ft was only translated as “duty” for the community (horizontal), and we lost the vertical perspective: transcendental liberty.
Du sentiment d ’indignation au sens de la justice
Authors: Vincent Gilbert ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

Chez Paul Ricoeur, on découvre une appréciation de l’indignation, dont la valeur tient d’abord à la nature, celle d’un authentique sentiment. Certes, ce derniern’est pas raison. Pourtant, Ricoeur Ta amplement montré, les raisons d’agir se nourrissent de motifs, et ceux-ci ont généralement la couleur, voire la chaleur, de nos sentiments. - Parce qu’il la considère comme l’expression du « sentiment d’injustice », il tient l’indignation pour l’entrée, déjà réflexive, dans le monde éthique. À ses yeux, cette expérience est décisive pour tout enfant et elle reste fondamentale pour l’adulte, dont les capacités critiques lui doivent beaucoup, même si, souvent, ces dernières contribuent à leur tour à en redéfinir les premières cibles. - Ricoeur n’a pas manqué de mettre un accent tout particulier sur la tradition prophétique biblique dans lequel il arrive que l’indignation contre l’injustice devienne accusation et condamnation irrémédiable contre l’injuste, à savoir Israël lui-même ! Mais que penser de « la colère de Dieu » ? Quant à lui, Ricoeur nous invite, tout à la fois, à justifier l’indignation, éthiquement, mais à en limiter la portée ontologique et théologique.
Ricœur, Personalism and Personal Justice
Authors: Direk Zeynep ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This essay explores the personalism underlying the ethical dimension of Ricceur’s discussion of the institutional justice. According to Ricoeur, “public justice” refers to civil society’s critical response to the judicial acts of justice, with reference to ethical values as negotiating or mediating between the principles of justice and concrete practices, i.e., how things are done in the world, the existing state of affairs. Public justice can force institutional justice to function when it is not functioning well because of political interference and manipulation. In case the public justice is obstructed, for instance in a totalitarian regime, which intimidates the public debate, all we are left with is “personal justice,” a virtue in the Aristotelian sense that exceeds justice in the institutional sense. If institutional justice collapses and public discussion is silenced, personal justice is the only remaining relation to the third, which is irreducible to friendship.
Justice dans un monde de violence.
Authors: Kemp Peter ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

The question is: how shall we conceive the idea of justice in the world of violence of our time? It takes up the old symbol of justice: the scales that symbolise an equilibrium between different ambitions. The author traces this idea in Western philosophy since Plato and Aristotle through Kant to Rawls, Ricoeur and Delmas-Marty for whom it becomes the symbol of global justice. By using the wind rose as another symbol, Delmas-Marty expresses the ethical necessity of a global justice between the philosophical, legal, social and political ambitions that blow across our whole world. All these winds have their rights in globalization, but none of them have the right to dominate the others.
Mondialisation et justice globale
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2018

This article discusses the concept of globalization in relation to global justice with the aim of developing a cosmopolitan spirit as the basis for international justice. Globalization was in the beginning an economic concept but with the emergence of global problems of global poverty, environmental degradation, climate change and global social and political interdependence we need to rethink the concept of justice for the international community at a cosmopolitan level. The article considers that it is the task of political philosophy to reflect on this other concept of globalization, not only as a utopia but also as a real alternative for the global community. The dream of another globalization includes overcoming the misery of the world in the struggle for democracy and hope for cosmopolitan justice in the age of hypermodemity.
In the News
Authors: Free David
Published: May 2018

Welcome to the May 2018 issue of C&RL News. Social justice issues continue to be a focus for many academic and research librarians, resulting in a variety of creative projects. Myra Waddell and Elena Clariza of the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa write about their use of “Critical digital pedagogy and cultural sensitivity in the library classroom” through two projects focusing on the unique cultures and history of Hawaii and the Pacific region.
Systematic reviews and evidence synthesis: Resources beyond the health sciences
Authors: Kocher Megan , Riegelman Amy
Published: May 2018

Asystematic review is a type of review that “seeks to systematically search for, appraise and synthesis research evidence,”1 including results published in grey literature. For decades, systematic reviews have been widely used to synthesize evidence in the health sciences. More recently, other disciplines, such as agriculture and the social sciences, have seen a rise in systematic reviews and related research methodologies. In response to this development, both Cornell University2 and the University of Minnesota Libraries3 have launched systematic review services that explicitly cater to non-health-sciences researchers at their institutions. Because it is recommended that librarians play a part on systematic review teams,4 there is a need for resources and skill development in this area.
Washington Hotline
Authors: Baker Gavin
Published: May 2018

FDLP Modernization Act introduced, approved by House committeeThe bipartisan FDLP Modernization Act of 2018 (H.R. 5305) was introduced on March 15, following months of effort by the Committee on House Administration. The Committee approved the legislation April 12.
Knot Your Typical Math Problem
Authors: Gerlings Adam
Published: May 2018

This elementary school problem intersects with a lesser-known field of professional mathematics known as Knot theory, the mathematical study of knots. Each month, elementary school teachers are presented with a problem along with suggested instructional notes; asked to use the problem in their own classrooms; and encouraged to report solutions, strategies, reflections, and misconceptions to the journal audience.
Paul Hymans’ Forgotten Negotiations: The Dispute over the Vilnius Region in Brussels and Geneva in 1921
Authors: Bukaitė Vilma
Published: May 2018

The dispute over the Vilnius Region was one of the most complicated political issues of the interwar period. Politicians of the Republic of Lithuania (1918–1940) proclaimed Vilnius the country’s capital. However, the authorities of neighbouring Poland treated Vilnius and the surrounding areas as an inseparable part of their state. Thus, in April 1919 and in October 1920 Polish troops occupied the territory. The dispute was long negotiated by the Council of the League of Nations. Authorised by the League, the well-known Belgian politician Paul Hymans mediated the negotiations between Lithuania and Poland in 1921. Two projects for the resolution of this issue were linked to his name. Paul Hymans’ archive at the Université Libre de Bruxelles and related materials from the archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of France document consultations with numerous French, British, and Belgian politicians, diplomats, and the militaries. George Curzon, British Foreign Secretary, and Aristide Briand, Minister of Foreign Affairs of France, were actively involved in the formulation of the projects of the resolution. Hymans’ first resolution noted a great impact of Poland for it was closely related to the agreement proposed by Alexander Babiański, a left-wing Polish general. A proposal for a federal state, most likely based on this project, was sent from Warsaw to London and Paris by the envoys of the Entente states. However, it was unacceptable to the right-wing government of Poland, which proposed an unconditional incorporation of Lithuania. Slightly changed, Hymans’ second resolution was to some extent more beneficial to Lithuania and therefore even less acceptable to Poland, and caused significant dissensions in both states. The negotiations tended to the loss of independence of Lithuania, and the government of Lithuania was the first to abandon these later in 1921. Hymans successfully negotiated the separation of the Malmedy region from Germany and its annexation to Belgium; he also took a part in defining the international status of the Scheldt River (Dutch: Schelde) in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. He participated in the process of the consolidation of political and trade relations with France and especially with Luxembourg and the Netherlands. Meanwhile, his negotiations for Lithuania and Poland had failed. In his memoirs, this mission was mentioned only fleetingly, as though deemed to be forgotten.
Body temperature upon mist-netting procedures in three species of migratory songbirds at a stopover site: implications for welfare
Authors: Maggini I , Tahamtani FM , Cardinale M , Fusani L , Carere C
Published: May 2018

Capturing wild birds with mist nets is very common for studying many aspects of avian biology. However, except for adrenocortical reactivity, little is known about other physiological responses to this potentially stressful procedure. Here, we focused on body temperature (Tb) in migratory songbirds, as large numbers are caught for population monitoring and studies of migratory biology. Tb is sensitive to acute stress in other vertebrates and contexts, usually showing an increase (stress-induced hyperthermia). We sampled garden warblers (Sylvia borin), whinchats (Saxicola rubetra) and barn swallows (Hirundo rustica) captured with mist nests using standard protocols at an island stopover site in the central Mediterranean during spring migration. Tb was measured within 3 min (T0), 30 min (T30) and 180 min (T180) from the time the bird hit the net, using an analogue probe inserted into the throat, and a body condition score was calculated for each bird. In the garden warbler, but not the other two species, a slight but significant reduction in Tb occurred after 180 min. In all species, the change in Tb after 3 h of confinement was positively correlated to the change in ambient temperature (Ta) but not to body condition. The mean (± SEM) change in Tb over 3 h was −1.68 (± 0.16)°C for garden warblers, therefore within the expected range of normothermy in small birds. Such reduction in Tb is contrary to the expectation of stress-induced hyperthermia; these results suggest that garden warblers are able to modulate their body temperature and that these small changes are influenced by fluctuations in ambient temperature. Therefore, Tb might not be a good indicator of capture stress in small passerine migrants. Our results also indicate that restraint for ringing procedures is unlikely to have adverse effects on Tb regulation of migratory birds, if held within the time-frame typical of ringing operations.
Validation of an accelerometer to quantify inactivity in laying hens with or without keel-bone fractures
Authors: Casey-Trott TM , Widowski TM
Published: May 2018

Accelerometers are used to remotely monitor activity in various species in studies that quantify pain, document behavioural patterns, and measure individual activity differences. Studies validating accelerometers typically quantify various active states; however, targeting states specific to periods of inactivity, such as sitting, sleeping, and standing, has the potential to more accurately quantify inactive behaviours commonly associated with behavioural changes related to pain, sickness, or injury. Our objectives were two-fold: first, validate a commercially available accelerometer (Actical®) for quantifying inactivity in laying hens and, second, compare inactivity levels between hens with severely fractured keel bones and hens with minimal to no keel damage. Correlation between the inactivity level as measured by the accelerometer compared to live, focal observation of stationary, inactive behaviours was high; therefore, the Actical® accurately quantifies inactive states in laying hens. Following validation, the Actical® accelerometer was used to quantify inactivity level differences between hens with or without keel-bone damage. Severely fractured hens spent less time motionless, than hens with minimal to no keel damage. Further investigation into inactivity differences related to keel status before and after acquisition of keel fractures is warranted. Use of the accelerometer has the potential to improve animal welfare research by quantifying the effect of pain or sickness on activity level, mapping daily activity patterns, and measuring individual differences in general activity.
Sensitivity of the integrated Welfare Quality® scores to changing values of individual dairy cattle welfare measures
Authors: de Graaf S , Ampe B , Buijs S , Andreasen SN , Des Roches A De Boyer , van Eerdenburg FJCM , Haskell MJ , Kirchner MK , Mounier L , Radeski M , Winckler C , Bijttebier J , Lauwers L , Verbeke W , Tuyttens FAM
Published: May 2018

The Welfare Quality® (WQ) protocol for on-farm dairy cattle welfare assessment describes 33 measures and a step-wise method to integrate the outcomes into 12 criteria scores, grouped into four principle scores and into an overall welfare categorisation with four possible levels. The relative contribution of various welfare measures to the integrated scores has been contested. Using a European dataset (491 herds), we investigated: i) variation in sensitivity of integrated outcomes to extremely low and high values of measures, criteria and principles by replacing each actual value with minimum and maximum observed and theoretically possible values; and ii) the reasons for this variation in sensitivity. As intended by the WQ consortium, the sensitivity of integrated scores depends on: i) the observed value of the specific measures/criteria; ii) whether the change was positive/negative; and iii) the relative weight attributed to the measures. Additionally, two unintended factors of considerable influence appear to be side-effects of the complexity of the integration method. Namely: i) the number of measures integrated into criteria and principle scores; and ii) the aggregation method of the measures. Therefore, resource-based measures related to drinkers (which have been criticised with respect to their validity to assess absence of prolonged thirst), have a much larger influence on integrated scores than health-related measures such as ‘mortality rate’ and ‘lameness score’. Hence, the integration method of the WQ protocol for dairy cattle should be revised to ensure that the relative contribution of the various welfare measures to the integrated scores more accurately reflect their relevance for dairy cattle welfare.
Où est le problème ? Diagnostics militants favorables à la légalisation du cannabis
Authors: Lemoine Marie-Philippe
Published: May 2018

Cet article explore la diversité des discours militants favorables à la légalisation du cannabis au Canada. Dans les débats entourant une réforme de politique publique, la définition du problème constitue une étape cruciale. Nous présentons ici les cadrages diagnostiques sur lesquels différentes organisations canadiennes soutenant la légalisation du cannabis fondent leurs plaidoyers. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, douze organisations militantes s’entendant sur la nécessité de légaliser le cannabis ont été sélectionnées pour la variété de leurs positions. Une analyse de cadres a été appliquée à des sources documentaires et au contenu d’entretiens semi-dirigés réalisés entre octobre 2015 et mars 2016. Ces acteurs collectifs de la société civile émettent des constats variés quant à la nature du problème que pose le régime actuel ou que pourraient poser de « mauvais » modèles de légalisation. Nous avons identifié quatre principaux types de cadrages diagnostiques dans les discours des acteurs : 1) le diagnostic basé sur l’inefficacité ; 2) le diagnostic critique ; 3) le diagnostic d’injustice et 4) le diagnostic politique. Chaque cadrage influence bien sûr le type de réforme proposée par les acteurs. L’examen des diagnostics permet de saisir la complexité propre au débat sur la légalisation du cannabis.
Le(s) numéro(s) à instruments du film musical hollywoodien
Authors: Chabrol Marguerite
Published: May 2018

Parmi ses multiples thèmes de numéros, le cinéma musical hollywoodien a attaché une importance particulière à ceux représentant des instruments et instrumentistes dans un acte de performance, au point d’en faire une attraction type, que cet article examine sous un double angle historique et esthétique. Ces numéros proviennent d’abord d’un positionnement de Hollywood par rapport à deux médias concurrents : le théâtre musical de Broadway et la radio. Ils permettent à l’industrie du cinéma de proposer un spectacle propre tout en bénéficiant de la circulation des musiciens. Ces numéros se construisent ensuite autour d’une poétique précise, relevant d’emprunts à des traditions iconographiques et d’un travail sur la musicalité visuelle. On peut ainsi mettre au jour des formes communes au-delà des styles de musique concernés : le jazz, le swing, les musiques latines ou classiques. Les numéros à instruments se présentent ainsi comme un des lieux essentiels du syncrétisme culturel pratiqué par le cinéma classique américain.
Muances de l’écoute. À propos de L’homme sans passé d’Aki Kaurismaki
Authors: Le Bihan Loig
Published: May 2018

Au début de L’homme sans passé (Kaurismaki 2002), il est un plan « musicalisé » qui peut occasionner un étrange effet qu’on dira de monumentalisation. Afin de qualifier l’effet au plus juste, je proposerai d’abord un balisage systématique de différentes fonctions que la musique endosse régulièrement dans ce film « musical » – nommément des fonctions épique (au sens brechtien), pathétique et éthique (aux sens aristotéliciens). J’en viendrai enfin à la description de cette singulière « muance » dans mon écoute, occasionnée par ce plan monté à la toute fin d’une scène d’agression qui voit un pauvre homme, soudeur de métier, laissé pour mort. Une musique symphonique qui jusqu’ici émanait d’une petite radio portative acquiert soudainement l’ampleur d’une musique de fosse alors que l’image nous montre la lamentable dépouille négligemment recouverte de sa valise et de son masque. Donnée à entendre à pleine puissance la symphonie, alors, interfère avec l’image pour en constituer l’équivoque figurative.
Virile Condottieri On-screen and Emasculated Heroes on the Operatic Stage: Portraying Male Protagonists in Fascist Italy (1931-1937)
Authors: Cochran Zoey M.
Published: May 2018

Virility was central to Italian fascist ideology and yet the operas composed and performed in Italy during the 1930s systematically subvert the virility of their heroes both dramatically and musically, revealing a more fraught relationship with fascist ideology than has been suggested until now. A comparison between operas by Gian Francesco Malipiero, Ottorino Respighi, Pietro Mascagni, Ildebrando Pizzetti, and Alfredo Casella on the one hand and films by Alessandro Blasetti, Mario Camerini, and Carmine Gallone on the other, all produced in Italy during the mid-1930s, shows that the absence of male protagonists embodying fascist ideals of virility is confined to opera. I suggest that the failure of these operas to present virile male protagonists partly stems from a confrontation between opera and film. Indeed, the emergence of sound films and cinema’s privileged position within the Fascist regime forced opera to redefine itself as an art form in relationship to film.
Rendre le monde à sa musique. La musique comme puissance d’émerveillement dans le cinéma de Johan van der Keuken
Authors: Loyez Marie Eve
Published: May 2018

Dans les films de Johan van der Keuken, la musique est tendue entre impulsion et catastrophe : toujours en puissance dans le monde, la musique ne s’actualise pas sans épuiser l’image de ce monde. Par cette tension, le cinéma de van der Keuken nous apprend que la musique peut être au principe d’une redéfinition de la merveille entendue non pas comme objet d’un regard médusant, mais comme production d’une écoute musicienne, corps vibratoire saisi dans son devenir, qui emporte avec lui le monde dans son devenir-musique venant s’y recharger. Cette invention de la musique au cinéma comme puissance d’émerveillement fait de l’oeuvre de van der Keuken le lieu d’une actualisation, à même l’image audio-visuelle et contre les forces réductrices et normalisantes qui la travaillent, d’impératifs éthiques et politiques sur le mode de l’interprétation musicale.
Structure of the human lipid-gated cation channel TRPC3
Authors: Fan Chen , Choi Wooyoung , Sun Weinan , Du Juan , Lü Wei
Published: May 2018

The TRPC channels are crucially involved in store-operated calcium entry and calcium homeostasis, and they are implicated in human diseases such as neurodegenerative disease, cardiac hypertrophy, and spinocerebellar ataxia. We present a structure of the full-length human TRPC3, a lipid-gated TRPC member, in a lipid-occupied, closed state at 3.3 Angstrom. TRPC3 has four elbow-like membrane reentrant helices prior to the first transmembrane helix. The TRP helix is perpendicular to, and thus disengaged from, the pore-lining S6, suggesting a different gating mechanism from other TRP subfamily channels. The third transmembrane helix S3 is remarkably long, shaping a unique transmembrane domain, and constituting an extracellular domain that may serve as a sensor of external stimuli. We identified two lipid-binding sites, one being sandwiched between the pre-S1 elbow and the S4-S5 linker, and the other being close to the ion-conducting pore, where the conserved LWF motif of the TRPC family is located.
Managing business processes using soft computing techniques – a literature review
Authors: Vojtek Nikola D.
Published: May 2018

Non-ideal and turbulent environment is affecting the business operations of today's companies. The influence and behavior of external factors is not possible or very difficult to predict, but necessary to consider in the decision making process at all organizational levels. Development of computer technologies allowed companies processing large amounts of data in order to make decisions which take into account both internal and external factors. Due to their tolerance of imprecision and uncertainty, Soft computing techniques (SCT) are increasingly used in solving those problems. They are characterized by the ability to adapt quickly to the changes in the environment, stability when processing large amounts of inaccurate data and real time responsiveness. The basic and most commonly used Soft Computing techniques are Fuzzy logic (FL) and neural networks (NN). This paper gives a review of 78 papers referring to the development of theory and practical application of soft computing techniques in business process management. Papers were selected based on the journals impact factor and year of publication (with the focus on recent papers). Approximately, equal number of both Fuzzy logic and Neural Network techniques was tried to be captured. Although this review is not final, it can be considered as a valid guide to explore the opportunities and possibilities which fuzzy logic and neural networks offer process owners in managing their business processes. In conclusion of this paper, fields for further research have been identified.
Bioinformatic analysis and identification of potential prognostic microRNAs and mRNAs in thyroid cancer
Authors: Tang Jianing , Kong Deguang , Cui Qiuxia , Wang Kun , Zhang Dan , Yuan Qianqian , Liao Xing , Gong Yan , Wu Gaosong
Published: May 2018

Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine malignancies. Multiple evidences revealed that a large number of microRNAs and mRNAs were abnormally expressed in thyroid cancer tissues. These microRNAs and mRNAs play important roles in tumorigenesis. In the present study, we identified 72 microRNAs and 1,766 mRNAs differentially expressed between thyroid cancer tissues and normal thyroid tissues and evaluated their prognostic values using Kaplan-Meier survival curves by log-rank test. Seven microRNAs (miR-146b, miR-184, miR-767, miR-6730, miR-6860, miR-196a-2 and miR-509-3) were associated with the overall survival. Among them, three microRNAs were linked with six differentially expressed mRNAs (miR-767 was predicted to target COL10A1, PLAG1 and PPP1R1C; miR-146b was predicted to target MMP16; miR-196a-2 was predicted to target SYT9). To identify the key genes in the protein-protein interaction network , we screened out the top 10 hub genes (NPY, NMU, KNG1, LPAR5, CCR3, SST, PPY, GABBR2, ADCY8 and SAA1) with higher degrees. Only LPAR5 was associated with the overall survival. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that miR-184, miR-146b, miR-509-3 and LPAR5 were an independent risk factors for prognosis. Our results of the present study identified a series of prognostic microRNAs and mRNAs that have the potential to be the targets for treatment of thyroid cancer.
IL-6 and TNF-α salivary levels according to the periodontal status in Portuguese pregnant women
Authors: Machado Vanessa , Mesquita Maria Fernanda , Bernardo Maria Alexandra , Casal Ester , Proença Luís , Mendes José João
Published: May 2018

Background

Periodontitis is associated with increased concentration of inflammatory markers and saliva has been proposed as a non-invasive diagnostic fluid in oral and systemic diseases. The levels of salivary biomarkers, such as cytokines, could potentially be used to distinguish periodontal healthy individuals from subjects with periodontal disease. The purpose of this study was to characterize the salivary levels of two inflammatory biomarkers associated with periodontitis, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), in order to assess whether these cytokines salivary levels could potentially be used to complement periodontitis pregnant women diagnose.

Methods

Forty-four pregnant women were distributed into three groups, according to their periodontal status: healthy, mild/moderate periodontitis and severe periodontitis. Unstimulated saliva was collected and analysis of TNF-α and IL-6 salivary levels were performed with Immulite®.

Results

Women with periodontitis exhibited significantly higher levels (p = 0.001) of salivary IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the healthy group: 25.1 (±11.2) pg/mL vs. 16.3 (±5.0) pg/mL and 29.7 (±17.2) pg/mL vs. 16.2 (±7.6) pg/mL, approximately 1.5 and 1.8 times more, respectively. Additionally, cytokines were significantly increased (p < 0.05) in severe periodontitis compared to periodontal healthy pregnant women.

Conclusions

These results revealed that IL-6 and TNF-α salivary biomarkers provide high discriminatory capacity for distinguishing periodontal disease from periodontal health in pregnant women.
Repurposing drugs to fast-track therapeutic agents for the treatment of cryptococcosis
Authors: Truong Megan , Monahan Leigh G. , Carter Dee A. , Charles Ian G.
Published: May 2018

Many infectious diseases disproportionately affect people in the developing world. Cryptococcal meningitis is one of the most common mycoses in HIV-AIDS patients, with the highest burden of disease in sub-Saharan Africa. Current best treatment regimens still result in unacceptably high mortality rates, and more effective antifungal agents are needed urgently. Drug development is hampered by the difficulty of developing effective antifungal agents that are not also toxic to human cells, and by a reluctance among pharmaceutical companies to invest in drugs that cannot guarantee a high financial return. Drug repurposing, where existing drugs are screened for alternative activities, is becoming an attractive approach in antimicrobial discovery programs, and various compound libraries are now commercially available. As these drugs have already undergone extensive optimisation and passed regulatory hurdles this can fast-track their progress to market for new uses. This study screened the Screen-Well Enzo library of 640 compounds for candidates that phenotypically inhibited the growth ofCryptococcus deuterogattii. The anthelminthic agent flubendazole, and L-type calcium channel blockers nifedipine, nisoldipine and felodipine, appeared particularly promising and were tested in additional strains and species. Flubendazole was very active against all pathogenicCryptococcusspecies, with minimum inhibitory concentrations of 0.039–0.156 μg/mL, and was equally effective against isolates that were resistant to fluconazole. While nifedipine, nisoldipine and felodipine all inhibitedCryptococcus, nisoldipine was also effective againstCandida, SaccharomycesandAspergillus. This study validates repurposing as a rapid approach for finding new agents to treat neglected infectious diseases.
The ΦBT1 large serine recombinase catalyzes DNA integration at pseudo-attBsites in the genusNocardia
Authors: Herisse Marion , Porter Jessica L. , Guerillot Romain , Tomita Takehiro , Goncalves Da Silva Anders , Seemann Torsten , Howden Benjamin P. , Stinear Timothy P. , Pidot Sacha J.
Published: May 2018

Plasmid vectors based on bacteriophage integrases are important tools in molecular microbiology for the introduction of foreign DNA, especially into bacterial species where other systems for genetic manipulation are limited. Site specific integrases catalyze recombination between phage and bacterial attachment sites (attPandattB, respectively) and the best studied integrases in the actinomycetes are the serine integrases from theStreptomycesbacteriophages ΦC31 and ΦBT1. As this reaction is unidirectional and highly stable, vectors containing phage integrase systems have been used in a number of genetic engineering applications. Plasmids bearing the ΦBT1 integrase have been used to introduce DNA intoStreptomycesandAmycolatopsisstrains; however, they have not been widely studied in other actinobacterial genera. Here, we show that vectors based on ΦBT1 integrase can stably integrate into the chromosomes of a range ofNocardiaspecies, and that this integration occurs despite the absence of canonicalattBsites in these genomes. Furthermore, we show that a ΦBT1 integrase-based vector can insert at multiple pseudo-attBsites within a single strain and we determine the sequence of a pseudo-attBmotif. These data suggest that ΦBT1 integrase-based vectors can be used to readily and semi-randomly introduce foreign DNA into the genomes of a range ofNocardiaspecies. However, the precise site of insertion will likely require empirical determination in each species to avoid unexpected off-target effects.
À MESA COM YÊDA: UM OLHAR SOBRE AS RELAÇÕES DO PÚBLICO COM A “SALA ESPECIAL YÊDAMARIA DO CIRCUITO DAS ARTES BAHIA 2014”
Authors: Leal Gustavo Salgado
Published: May 2018

Resenha crítica da mostra "Sala Especial Yêdamaria", escrita pelo mediador cultural da sala. A exposição ocorreu em abril de 2014, no Museu Carlos Costa Pinto, como parte integrante do "Circuito das Artes Bahia 2014".
APRESENTAÇÃO - PLANOS DE CULTURA: DESAFIOS INSTITUCIONAIS, POLÍTICOS E METODOLÓGICOS
Authors: Dellagnelo Eloise , Barros José Márcio , Carvalho Rosimeri
Published: May 2018

Apresentação do dossiê.
PEQUENOS MUNDOS DE SENTIDO: AS REDES E A GESTÃO COMPARTILHADA NO CULTURA VIVA
Authors: Labrea Valéria Viana , Martins Leila Chalub
Published: May 2018

Este estudo, a partir da escola francesa da Análise do Discurso, descreve diferentes efeitos de sentidos que os discursos sobre rede e gestão compartilhada produzem. As redes articuladas pelo Estado como estratégia de gestão compartilhada conformam redes híbridas, caracterizadas pela elisão do político, pela permeabilidade e por uma política do silêncio. As redes de cultura são híbridas porque discursivamente apresentam os valores contra-hegemônicos, mas estruturam-se de modo hierárquico, como as redes hegemônicas.
CULTURA VIVA NA AMAZONIDADE PARAENSE
Authors: Botelho Deize Almeida , Silva dos Santos Filho Alexandre
Published: May 2018

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o Programa Cultura Viva e sua relação com o processo de desenvolvimento cultural de Marabá, sudeste do Pará. Tem como objetivo, examinar a experiência do Ponto de Cultura - Galpão de Artes de Marabá - GAM, palco de discussão, reflexão e práticas dos movimentos artísticos culturais num recorte de acontecimentos compreendidos no período de 2004 a 2011. Considera-se a dinâmica sociocultural e territorial advinda deste Ponto, bem como a diversidade cultural intercultural amazônica estabelecida pela difusão do GAM com outros Pontos. Apresenta a premissa teórica sobre Cultura no Plural em Certeau (2012), Poder Simbólico em Bourdieu (2012); Interculturalidade em Cool (2006) e Diversidade Cultural Amazônica em Loureiro (2005), resultando em contribuições críticas e reflexivas sobre o processo de desenvolvimento cultural local.

Palavra chaves: Cultura.Território. Diversidade. Interculturalidade.
Origem e evolução das políticas culturais para jogos digitais no Brasil
Authors: Zambon Pedro Santoro , Carvalho Juliano Maurício de
Published: May 2018

Apesar de em sua origem terem sido abordados apenas como software, os jogos digitais foram se consolidando enquanto produto cultural e criativo, ganhando status de audiovisual interativo. Após trilharam um longo caminho no setor tecnológico, as políticas públicas para games começaram a encontrar seu espaço dentro do Ministério da Cultura em 2004, quando a nova abordagem de gestão cultural iniciada pelo ministro Gilberto Gil reformula a formulação de políticas. Com uma descrição histórica e com base em relatos, documentos e entrevistas, este artigo tem como objetivo abordar esta evolução, elaborando um panorama e trajetória de como estas políticas se estabeleceram e consolidaram até seu estágio atual.