bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Representações sociais dos gestores e dos técnicos das unidades acadêmicas da Universidade Federal do Ceará(UFC) acerca da autoavaliação institucional
Authors: Andriola Wagner Bandeira , Souza Laura Alves De
Published: July 2010

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar a cultura avaliativa na Universidade Federal do Ceará (UFC), tendo como base as representações sociais dos gestores e dos técnico-administrativos das nove unidades acadêmicas dos campi de Fortaleza, que participaram do ciclo de Autoavaliação Institucional 2005/2006. Utilizamos como sujeitos da pesquisa os nove gestores que integram as referidas unidades acadêmicas e uma amostra de trinta e seis técnico-administrativos, quatro em cada unidade. Pela especificidade deste estudo, de natureza exploratória e descritiva, utilizamos o método indutivo, o que nos permitiu uma análise do particular para o geral, ou seja, a realização de inferências sobre as representações específicas de cada sujeito para a realidade da UFC. Como instrumento mais adequado à pesquisa de campo, utilizamos o questionário previamente estruturado. Indagamos sobre o SINAES e a política de avaliação, bem como a participação da comunidade interna no processo de Auto-Avaliação Institucional da UFC. Ao analisar as representações de cada segmento, concluímos que elas têm um caráter específico, não pelo fato de serem subjetivas, mas pela própria dinâmica social das condições nas quais se produzem e reproduzem. As representações dos gestores e técnico-administrativos apresentam especificidades em relação à inserção social e aos interesses inerentes de cada segmento.
Chemical Defoliation of Cotton: V. Effects of Premature Defoliant and Desiccant Treatments on Boll Components, Fiber Properties, Germination, and Yield of Cotton1
Authors: Brown Lamar C. , Hyer A. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Chemical defoliant and desiccant treatments of cotton in Arizona when bolls were less than 35 days of age adversely affected boll components, fiber length, percent germination, and yield. No damage was found when bolls were 35 or more days of age.
Semidwarf Growth Habit in Winter Wheat Improvement for the Pacific Northwest1
Authors: Vogel O. A. , Craddock J. C. , Muir C. E. , Everson E. H. , Rohde C. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Comparison of agronomic characters between semi‐dwarf selections and commercial short and very short strawed varieties suggests that semi‐dwarf growth habit represents an important development in breeding winter wheats better suited to Pacific Northwest conditions. Bushel‐per‐acre yields of selections were higher than Brevor and Elmar; selections were approximately two‐thirds as tall as Brevor; they did not equal the sheaf weight of Brevor but averaged higher in grain yield and lower in straw tonnage. Average protein content was only slightly lower than Elmar and Brevor.
Effect of Seeding Rates and Time of Harvest on Yield and Quality of Oat‐Pea Forage1
Authors: Hodgson H. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Mixtures of 50 to 65 pounds of peas and 35 to 50 pounds of oats per acre produced both highest yields and highest percent dry matter and protein in Alaska experiments. Late milk to early dough stage appeared best for harvest. At later stages, higher dry matter content offset protein gains in silage use.
Variation and Inheritance of Fertility and its Components in Bromus inermis Leyss1
Authors: Raeber J. G. , Kalton R. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Analysis of 20 S0 clones of bromegrass and S1 segregates for fertility attributes revealed the following 2‐year grand means for all S0 clones: fertility percentage, 52.1; number of florets per panicle, 288; and number of seeds per panicle, 150. Differences among clones were all highly significant in each of the 2 years. Compared with S0 most S1 families showed substantial decreases in fertility percentage and seeds per panicle. Genetic segregation for fertility percentage was indicated in all families. Florets per panicle and fertility percentage showed little or no relationship, while seeds per panicle and fertility percentage showed strong positive phenotypic and genetic correlations. Results indicate that fertility is moderately heritable in bromegrass.
Strains of Rhizobia Effective on Trifolium ambiguum1
Authors: Erdman Lewis W. , Means Ura Mae
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Effective strains of rhizobia to inoculate Kura clover (Trifolium ambiguum) were isolated from nodules on T. spadiceum, T. ochroleucon and from nodules on T. ambiguum produced with enrichment cultures prepared with six different soil samples. These soils and the nodulated specimens were all from the same general locality in Turkey. In greenhouse sand cultures 21 strains gave yields which were significantly better than the uninoculated controls. In greenhouse soil cultures with five soils, an overall comparison of the uninoculated plants with the inoculated plants showed a highly significant increase in dry weight and nitrogen content brought about by the inoculation.
Influence of Lodging on Yield and Other Characters in Winter Wheat1
Authors: Laude H. H. , Pauli Arland W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields were reduced about one‐third due to lodging 1 to 2 weeks before heading and 1 to 2 weeks after heading. Lodging between those periods caused less reduction averaging about 15% just before heading. Early lodging mainly reduced the number of kernels per head and later lodging reduced the size of the kernel. Protein content of the grain was higher in lodged than standing wheat. The total amount of protein per acre, however, was less in lodged areas.
The Genetic Induction of Autotetraploidy: A Proposal for its Use in Corn Breeding
Authors: Alexander D. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A method for establishing autotetraploid synthetic varieties of maize by genetic means is outlined. The ultimate use of these synthetic varieties as a source of breeding material is proposed. If genetic inbalance is largely responsible for low seed set in maize tetraploids, fertile inbreds or fertile hybrid combinations can be expected to be isolated from synthetic varieties that are genetically diverse within and between themselves. An examination of aneuploidy as a cause of sterility is made.
The Relation between Pod Dehiscence, Relative Humidity and Moisture Equilibrium in Birdsfoot Trefoil, Lotus corniculatus1
Authors: Metcalfe D. S. , Johnson I. J. , Shaw R. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Birdsfoot trefoil pods of clone B74 dehisced at a relative humidity of 29.5% but not at 35%. Pods from a bulk sample of the Empire strain dehisced at a relative humidity of 40% suggesting that differences occur among lots of mature pod. There was a close interdependence of relative humidity, moisture equilibrium and pod splitting. At low relative humidity, moisture content of pods was, reduced rapidly to the point of dehiscence. Temperature, a factor in relative humidity, varied as much as 10° F. from air temperature. Increase of pod temperature in full sunlight may be enough to reduce relative humidity and pod moisture and bring about pod dehiscence.
Root Respiration of Tobacco, Corn, and Cotton Plants1
Authors: Harris D. G. , van Bavel C. H. M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The respiration rates of tobacco, corn, and cotton roots undergo daily fluctuations with the maximum rate generally occurring about 4 p.m. Root weight appears to be the primary factor influencing the amount of respiration under favorable aeration conditions. However, the concentrations of CO2 and O2 in the root atmosphere influence the respiration rate.
Studies of the Interrelation of Field Stalk Lodging, Two Stalk Rotting Fungi, and Chemical Composition of Corn1
Authors: Zuber M. S. , Grogan C. O. , Michaelson M. E. , Gehrke C. W. , Monge Jose Ferer
Published: July 2010

Sypnosis

Susceptibility to stalk lodging was positively associated with ash, cellulose, potash, and silica but was not associated with susceptibility to Diplodia zeae or Gibberella zeae. Diplodia was negatively associated with ash, crude fiber, lignin, and cellulose but was positively associated with nitrogen. Gibberella was similarly associated except no relation with ash or lignin was found.
Factors Affecting Linolenic and Linoleic Acid Content of Soybean Oil1
Authors: Howell Robert W. , Collins F. I.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Linolenic acid content of soybean oil from location and variety composites varied from about 5% to about 8.5% and linoleic acid varied from about 46% to about 54%. The levels of both fatty acids were closely, but inversely correlated with temperature. Changes in environmental factors such as photoperiod, light intensity and quality, N, P, K, and S nutrition, or the addition of manure or plant residues had little or no effect on the levels of these fatty acids.
Effect of Nutrient Deficiencies on Growth and Fruiting Characteristics of Peanuts in Sand Cultures1
Authors: Reid P. H. , York E. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, boron and sulfur deficiencies appeared rapidly after the respective elements were withheld from the culture solution. Phosphorus, potassium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc and molybdenum supplied early in the season were sufficient to complete the life cycle although growth and fruit formation were reduced.
Estimates of Genotypic and Environmental Variances and Covariances in Upland Cotton and Their Implications in Selection1
Authors: Miller P. A. , Williams J. C. , Robinson H. F. , Comstock R. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plot error variances were large for lint yield, bolls per plant, seed per boll, and boll weight; small for lint percentage, seed and tint index, and fiber length, strength and fineness. Genotype x environment interaction variances were generally small for all traits except yield and bolls per plant. Lint yield was highly positively correlated with lint percentage and bolls per plant and negatively correlated with seed index and weight per boll.
Trace Elements in Agricultural Limestones of Atlantic Coast Regions1
Authors: Chichilo P. , Whittaker Colin W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Compared to amounts of elements removed from the soil by cropping or to amounts added to soils to correct deficiencies many limestones of the Atlantic Coast Regions contain important amounts of magnesium, iron, manganese, molybdenum, sulfur and zinc at ordinary application rates. On the same basis, amounts of potassium, phosphorus, boron and copper are of much less importance.
Fertility Restoration and Yields in Maize1
Authors: Stringfield G. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Tests of 30 maize cultures in the Texas (cms) cytoplasm and segregating for fertility restoring genes gave a significant advantage in yield for the restored plants. Apparently normal fertiles and restored fertiles are different in productiveness. Working hypotheses are: (1) Restorer genes have a pleiotropic vigor‐producing effect, (2) The Texas cytoplasm is superior to the more common United States cytoplasms, and (3) A heterotic genotype × cytoplasm interaction was operating.
Development of “Amylomaize”—Corn Hybrids With High Amylose Starch: II. Results of Breeding Efforts1
Authors: Bear R. P. , Vineyard M. L. , MacMasters M. M. , Deatherage W. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Extensive selection on the basis of laboratory analyses is necessary when transferring high amylose characters from source stocks into agronomically sound amylomaize hybrids. The effects of various gene combinations on the amylose‐amylopectin ratio of corn starch are discussed. Amylose content is shown to be influenced considerably by modifying factors interacting within the various endosperm genotypes.
Physiological Factors Affecting Composition of Soybeans: II. Response of Oil and Other Constituents of Soybeans to Temperature Under Controlled Conditions1
Authors: Howell Robert W. , Cartter Jackson L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Oil content averaged 23.2%, 20.8%, and 19.5% when day temperatures of 85°, 77°, and 70° F., respectively, were used during the pod‐filling stage. A day temperature of 85° for one week during this period increased oil content from 19.6% to 22%. Temperature treatments affected mainly the triglyceride portion of the oil. Acetone‐insolubles in the oil, protein and nonprotein nitrogen, and yield were not affected significantly.
Biochemical and Physiological Studies of Wheat Seed Pigmentation1
Authors: Miyamoto Takao , Everson E. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A close positive correlation was found between the degree of kernel color in wheat and quantity of catechin and catechin tannin present in the immature kernel. This suggested that the main pigment in the wheat seed coat was phlobaphene, a reddish brown pigment whose precursors are catechin and catechin tannin.
Multiple Selection Criteria in Soybeans1
Authors: Brim C. A. , Johnson Herbert W. , Cockerham C. Clark
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Selection indexes involving 15 combinations of 6 characters were computed for 2 populations of soybeans. For a 1:.6 price ratio of oil to protein, the advances expected from selection based on oil and seed weight were 101 and 118% of those based on oil, protein, and yield in populations 1 and 2, respectively; and 84 and 95% of those based on all 6 characters.
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Requirements of Coastal Bermudagrass on a Tifton Loamy Sand1
Authors: Jackson James E. , Walker Milton E. , Carter Robert L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The rate of depletion of soil phosphorus and potassium when omitted from the fertilizer increased with increasing rates of nitrogen application. Potassium became critical sooner than phosphorus on the Tifton loamy sand. Maintenance fertilizer consisting of a 4‐1‐2 ratio produced hay yields equal to those resulting from higher amounts of phosphorus and potassium.
Dry Matter and Nitrogen Production of Legumes and Legume Associations in the Fall of the Seeding Year1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Johnson I. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Madrid sweetclover excelled in dry matter and nitrogen production in the fall of the seeding year. Southern, nonhardy alfalfas were superior to the hardy strain, Ranger. Higher yields were obtained from medium red clover than from. Ladino white clover, but both were inferior to other legumes. Madrid sweetclover grown alone outyielded the various legume associations. Madrid was the major component of all associations in which it was included. Red clover and Ladino white clover lacked strong competitive ability under these conditions.
The Influence of Clipping on Dry Matter and Nitrogen Production of Legume Green Manures1
Authors: Stickler F. C. , Johnson I. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Stubble clipping decreased dry matter and nitrogen yields of Madrid sweetclover in the fall of the seeding year. Yields of alfalfa, red clover, and Ladino white clover were increased. Removal of weed competition was considered of primary importance in favoring subsequent development of true clovers and alfalfa.
The Inheritance of Shattering in Wheat1
Authors: Porter Kenneth B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The resistance of Cimarron and Blackhull was dominant to the shatter susceptibility of Wichita. Blackhull and Wichita differed by at least two major factor pairs while multigenic differences existed between Cimarron and Wichita. Heritability estimates are presented. A correlation of .66 was obtained between field and laboratory shattering determinations.
Cytological and Fertility Relationships of Medicago sativa, M. falcata, and M. gaetula1
Authors: Sprague Ernest W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Interspecific and tri‐species of hybrids of three diploid Medicago species—sativa, falcata, and gaetula—displayed regular meiosis. The three species appeared to have chromosomes of the same gross morphology. Seed set was as high in the hybrids as it was in the parental species. From a cytological point of view these three species appear to be genetic variants of the same polymorphic species.
Factors Associated with Varietal Differences in Rate of Field Drying in Corn1
Authors: Crane Paul L. , Miles S. R. , Newman J. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Husk and shank characteristics and shape or size of ear were not found to be major factors associated with differing rates of drying among strains of corn.

A small but consistent difference in osmotic diffusion pressure of kernels and a more conspicuous difference in pericarp permeability were found between a fast and a slow drying hybrid. Lower osmotic diffusion pressure of kernels and more permeable pericarps were associated with more rapid drying.
Performance of Corn Hybrids in Mixtures1
Authors: Stringfield G. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Field comparisons in southwestern Ohio and in northwestern Ohio failed to show that mixtures of either similar or dissimilar hybrids had any clear advantage or disadvantage when compared with the averages of the contributing hybrids grown separately.
Growth of U‐3 Bermudagrass Under Various Day and Night Temperatures and Light Intensities1
Authors: Youngner Victor B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Minimum temperatures for growth of the U‐3 strain of bermudagrass was found to be 1280 degree‐hours F. obtained by an 8‐hour day at 60° F. and a 16‐hour night at 40° F. Cold weather‐induced dormancy or loss of chlorophyll was found to be caused by an interaction of low temperatures with sunlight of 7000 footcandles or more intensity. Chlorophyll loss under high intensity light varied directly with decrease in day and/or night temperatures.
Seed Coat Structural Differences that Influence Water Uptake and Seed Quality in Hard Seed Cotton1
Authors: Christiansen Meryl N. , Moore R. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Water enters the seed by an opening in the palisade layer at the chalazal end. In hard seed this opening is made impervious by a chalazal cap and a seal between the cap and the palisade layer. In water at 80° C. the cap and seal become permeable, water enters and the palisade layer swells. Water entering through seed coat breaks has a similar effect on the palisade layer adjoining the chalazal cap.
Influence of Soil Potassium and Phosphorus Content on the Cold Resistance of Alfalfa1
Authors: Jung G. A. , Smith Dale
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cold resistance of alfalfa was influenced by the amount of available K and P and an optimum ratio appears to exist between the 2 elements.
The Interaction of Nitrogen and Moisture on Cotton Yields and Other Characteristics1
Authors: Scarsbrook C. E. , Bennett O. L. , Pearson R. W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Cotton produced a 2‐year average of 1,794 pounds of lint per acre where a high rate of irrigation and 240 pounds per acre of nitrogen were added. Nitrogen increased the efficiency of water utilization. High yield was associated with a high nitrogen content of the plants.
Influence of Depth of Planting, Seed Size, and Variety on Emergence and Seeding Vigor in Alfalfa1
Authors: Beveridge J. L. , Wilsie C. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Emergence of seedlings of three varieties of alfalfa decreased as depth of seeding was increased. Under field conditions emergence was considerably less than under greenhouse conditions. Seedling vigor was correlated with seed size, but there was no consistent relationship between seed size and emergence. Vernal and Ranger gave somewhat better emergence than DuPuits under field conditions, but DuPuits was slightly superior to the others in average weight of top growth of seedlings 56 days after planting.
Effect of Cytoplasms and an Rf Gene in Maize1
Authors: Everett H. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

There were no consistent effects on yield or maturity attributable to the “T” cytoplasm or to the Rf gene from the inbred NY.16 in comparisons with appropriate counterparts.
A Suggested Method for Determining Purity of Certain Chaffy‐Seeded Grasses1
Authors: Harlan Jack R. , Ahring Robert M.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A method for determining purity of certain chaffy‐seeded grasses based upon microprocessing subsamples to clean caryopses and converting to a “pure seed” fraction is proposed. The method is significantly more sensitive for seed samples of high purity and much more reliable for samples of low purity than the official method now in use. The proposed method is also much faster and less expensive and does not require the services of a highly trained analyst.
Yield Components in a Lemhi × Thatcher Wheat Cross1
Authors: McNeal F. H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Lemhi and Thatcher varieties of spring wheat differed for all characters studied except heads per plant. The intensity of red kernel color among the segregates had no influence on plant yield or on the various yield components. Heads per plant and kernels per head were more closely associated with yield per plant than was kernel weight.
Radiant Energy Exchange in a Corn Field1
Authors: Tanner C. B. , Peterson A. E. , Love J. R
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Measurements of net radiant energy available for evaporation of water from soil under corn show that when corn is fully grown, the maximum evaporation may constitute 25 to 50% of the total evapotranspiration, depending upon the population and method of planting. Fully grown corn does not provide sufficient interception of radiation to assure that the potential evapotranspiration condition of a fully covered surface is realized.
The Effect of Soil Temperature, Soil Moisture, and Flowering on the Persistency and Forage Production of White Clover Stands1
Authors: Crowder L. V. , Craigmiles J. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Forage yield was significantly correlated with soil moisture and temperature. The effect of temperature was independent of moisture, high temperature reducing growth regardless of moisture. Flowering habits varied with the type of clover and climatic factors. By the end of August both types had passed their maximum flowering period and peak of forage production, soil temperatures were maximum, and soil moisture critical. These stresses weakened the clover, diseases became prevalent, and many stolons died.
Relation of Seed Dormancy of Indian Ricegrass (Oryzopsis hymenoides (Roem. & Schult) Ricker.) to Age and Treatment1
Authors: Rogler George A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

New‐seed dormancy was pronounced in Indian ricegrass. Germination increased with age of seed up to 6 years with a gradual decrease thereafter for 11 years. Wide strain and year of harvest variations were evident. Soaking l‐ and 2‐year‐old seed in water at 2° to 4° C. for 40 days greatly increased germination.
Influence of Management Systems and Cover Crops on Soil Physical Conditions1
Authors: Ram Dip N. , Zwerman P. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

High organic matter return resulted in an increase of soil aggregation of 30% or more. It also resulted in a decrease of bulk density from 1.3 to 1.1. High organic matter systems retained more soil moisture and soil physical condition tended to fluctuate less throughout the season.
Accumulation of Nitrates in Several Oat Varieties at Various Stages of Growth1
Authors: Gul Azam , Kolp B. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A significant difference in nitrate percentage was noted between locations, varieties, and stages of growth. Correlations of height by percent nitrate and forage yield by percent nitrate were not significant.
Influence of Biuret and Urea Fertilizers Containing Biuret on Corn Plant Growth and Development1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Ohlrogge A. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Biuret was toxic to germinating seeds and caused injury to developing corn seedlings. Hyponasty, frayed leaf margins, and interveinal leaf chlorosis in immature leaves were symptoms associated with this injury. Crystalline urea did not cause this injury to developing corn seedlings. Placement away from seed minimized the probability of biuret injury.
Boron Toxicity in Several Turfgrass Species
Authors: Oertli J. J. , Lunt O. R. , Youngner V. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Five grass species clipped at frequent intervals showed little decline in vigor because of high boron supplies. In another experiment with six grass species boron was observed to accumulate in tip areas where injuries were observed first. Species with rapid boron accumulation showed injury first. Because of the accumulation of boron in tips, most of the boron in grasses, when levels are high, would be removed periodically through the practice of mowing.
Effect of Time of Fertilizer Application on Yield and Nutrient Uptake of Coastal Bermudagrass on Cecil Sandy Loam1
Authors: Morris H. D. , Celecia Juan F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Nitrogen applied in 4‐split applications resulted in higher forage yields, greater uptake of plant nutrients, and more favorable seasonal forage distribution of Coastal bermudagrass than any other type of nitrogen application. Annual spring applications of P and K were more efficient than fall applications or large, single applications at time of establishment.
Sources of Sulfur for Crop Plants in Michigan and Effect of Sulfur Fertilization on Plant Growth and Composition1
Authors: Cressman H. K. , Davis J. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Crop yields or the protein content of the crops were not increased by sulfur amendments. Potatoes and red clover showed increased sulfur contents from additions of sulfur in the fertilizer when grown on an infertile sandy soil in Northern Michigan. This increased sulfur in the potatoes existed mainly in the sulfate form. The amount of sulfur in the precipitation average 10.1 pounds per acre annually. The amount of sulfur dioxide in the atmosphere was more pronounced in industrial areas of the state.
Turfgrass Ecology. Effects of Mowing, Irrigation, and Nitrogen Treatments of Agrostis palustris Huds., ‘Seaside’ and Agrostis tenuis Sibth., ‘Highland’ on Population, Yield, Rooting, and Cover1
Authors: Madison John H.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Increasing nitrogen increased yield, verdure (quantity of green turf), and chlorophyll, and decreased rooting. Frequent irrigation (5 times per week) increased population and chlorophyll, and decreased verdure and rooting. Frequent mowing (5 times per week) decreased verdure and rooting in the 15‐ to 30‐cm. soil layer. Shorter mowing increased population, and decreased verdure and rooting.
Effect of Rye Winter Cover Crop on Soil Structure1
Authors: Benoit R. E. , Willits N. A. , Hanna W. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

The roots of a rye cover crop were primarily responsible for an improved physical condition of a Nixon sandy loam. Organic matter additions consisting only of the rye top growth had no measurable effect. Three years of cover cropping were necessary before any soil physical differences could be measured.
Crop Response to Calcium Polyphosphate Glass and Some of Its Degradation Products1
Authors: Terman G. L. , DeMent J. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Calcium polyphosphate glass and certain reaction products of ammonia and partially hydrolyzed glass were less available for early growth of crops grown in greenhouse pots than concentrated superphosphate. Granular, partially hydrolyzed calcium polyphosphate (14 to 18% of its phosphorus water soluble) was as effective for oats as ammoniated concentrated superphosphate having a much higher proportion of watersoluble phosphorus.
Water Stress and Plant Growth1
Authors: Kramer Paul J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Plant growth is controlled directly by plant water stress and only indirectly by soil water stress. Plant water stress depends on the relative rates of water absorption and water loss rather than on soil water supply alone, hence it is not safe to assume that a given degree of soil water stress always will be accompanied by an equivalent degree of plant water stress. Plant water stress should be measured directly in research on the effects of water supply on plant growth and plant processes if the results are to be interpreted correctly.
Residual Nitrogen from NH4NO3 Fertilizer and from Alfalfa Plowed under1
Authors: Boawn Louis C. , Nelson J. L. , Crawford Carl L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Residual N from NH4NO3 averaged 44% of the original application after 1 year but was insignificant after 2 years. For a 5‐year period, N uptake from the alfalfa area exceeded that from virgin area by 341 pounds per acre.
Water Use by Several Crops in a Weighing Lysimeter1
Authors: England C. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

A modified pan evaporimeter measured field evapotranspiration rates under pasture, corn, oats, and alfalfa. Monthly and annual water use totals illustrate differences in seasonal patterns among the crops. Samples of hourly and daily rates reflect the influence of meterological elements measured in the surrounding area.
Effects of Residue Management, Rotations, and Nitrogen Fertilizer on Small Grain Production in Northwestern Kansas1
Authors: Harris Wallace W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Moisture storage was increased 3 out of 6 years under stubble mulching and was not decreased the other 3 years. Grain yields were correlated with moisture available to the crop. Nitrate nitrogen in the soil was less under stubble mulch than under no‐residue but amounts were adequate to produce grain yields as great as possible with existing moisture supply. Fertilization with N increased the nitrate nitrogen content of the soil but had no effect on grain yields.
Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Effects upon Barley Growth1
Authors: Power J. F. , Grunes D. L. , Willis W. O. , Reichman G. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Soil temperatures near 59° F. were optimum for the growth of barley. By increasing the available P level, through either increased native soil or fertilizer P supply, the soil temperature range over which nearly maximum barley growth occurred was greatly increased. Growth responses to P fertilization were much more dependent upon soil temperature for soils low in P availability than for those medium in available P supply.
Effects of Soil Moisture and Nitrogen Fertilization of Irrigated Grain Sorghum on Dry Matter Production and Nitrogen Uptake at Selected Stages of Plant Development1
Authors: Herron G. M. , Grimes D. W. , Musick J. T.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

During seedling to crown root stages daily dry matter production was 30 to 50 pounds per acre and N uptake about 1 pound; both were increased only slightly by N fertilizer. During crown root through flowering stages increased growth and N uptake rates were further increased by irrigation and N fertilization, ranging from 240 to 340 pounds and from 4 to 6 pounds, respectively. Maximum production and N uptake occurred between soft and hard dough stages.
Molybdenum Status of Three Wisconsin Soils and Its Effect on Four Legume Crops1
Authors: Hagstrom G. R. , Berger K. C.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Yields of red clover and yields, nodulation, and N content of soybeans were increased by soil applications of 2 pounds of Na2MoO4.2H2O per acre. Yields of lupines and yields, nodulation, and N content of canning peas were increased by treating the seeds with compounds of Mo. pH of the soils ranged from 5.0 to 5.3. Degree of nodulation and N content of red clover were not increased by Mo even though yields were increased 65%.
Relationship Between Transpiration and the Internal Water Relations of Plants1
Authors: Ehlig C. F. , Gardner W. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Below a characteristic diffusion pressure deficit value for each plant, the transpiration rate was proportional to the potential transpiration. Above this value, the transpiration rate tended to decrease, rapidly at first and then more slowly, with increasing DPD. The relative rate of water loss from initially turgid detached leaves decreased very markedly with decreasing water content at a water content of about 90% of that at full turgor and corresponding to a DPD of about 10 to 15 bars.
Effect of Soil Temperature and Phosphorus Fertilization on the Growth and Phosphorus Content of Corn1
Authors: Knoll H. A. , Brady N. C. , Lathwell D. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

In a greenhouse experiment using different root zone temperatures with two soils, no differences in corn growth were found as a result of fertilizer P sources. In both soils, growth, P content, and P uptake increased with increasing soil temperature and increasing P level in the soil.
Nitrogen Movement in Undisturbed Profiles of Fallowed Soils1
Authors: Boswell Fred C. , Anderson O. E.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

After 27 inches of rainfall during 20 weeks on a sandy clay loam, essentially all the applied N remained in the top 2 feet. The same was true for a loamy sand after 10 inches of rainfall during 17 weeks. Though rainfall was above normal, appreciable amounts of N were recovered at depths of 36 to 72 inches 76 weeks after application.
Nitrogen Fertilization of Forage Mixtures Containing Differential Legume Percentages1
Authors: Kresge C. B.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Best yield response to 100 pounds of N per acre occurred when the percent legume was less than 20% in a red clover‐orchardgrass association and less than 25% in a ladino clover‐orchardgrass association. Some clover percentages above 25% were reduced when 50 or 100 pounds of N per acre was applied.
Effect of Pre‐emergence Crabgrass Herbicides on Rhizome Development in Kentucky Bluegrass
Authors: Gaskin T. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Kentucky bluegrass plants treated with crabgrass herbicides showed reduction of rhizome number and length and number of tillers. Zytron, Dacthal, and Trifluralin produced the greatest reduction at 1½ times the standard rate. Bandane and Chlordane reduced rhizome development only at 1½ times the standard rate. Crab‐e‐rad reduced the number of tillers and length of rhizomes.
Studies on Water Requirement of Horticultural Crops. I. Influence of Drought at Different Growth Stages of Potato on the Tuber's Yield1
Authors: de Lis B. R. , Ponce I. , Tizio R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Restrictions in irrigation on potato growing applied at different periods of their vegetative cycle produced a decrease of the tuber's yield for all the treatments compared to the check, with the exception of those planted without pre‐seeding irrigation. Statistical results show that drought treatment from stolonization to the beginning of tuberization gave significant differences as related to the check. Apparently the variety “White Rose” passes through the most critical water requirement period during this stage.
Competition for Light, Soil Moisture and Nutrients during Ladino Clover Establishment in Orchardgrass Sod1
Authors: Wilkinson S. R. , Gross C. F.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Light and moisture appear to be critical factors in the establishment of ladino clover seedlings in a well‐fertilized orchardgrass sod. Good establishment was obtained in greenhouse cultures provided with high soil moisture and special techniques to prevent shading by the orchardgrass. Root competition reduced clover dry matter production approximately one‐half. The cause of this growth suppression was not defined, but was suggested to be primarily plant moisture stress.
Relation of Cotton Leaf Area Index to Plant Growth and Fruiting1
Authors: Ashley D. A. , Doss B. D. , Bennett O. L.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

LAI reached 1.0 approximately 6 to 8 weeks after emergence. It increased rapidly from 1.0 to 5.0 during the ensuing 6‐week period. The relationships between LAI and plant fruiting indicate that formation of new fruit was dependent on concurrent vegetative growth until LAI reached 5.0. Yields of seed cotton increased with an increase in size of plants in early season.
Varietal Differences in Seedling Emergence of Winter Wheats as Influenced by Temperature and Depth of Plants1
Authors: Burleigh J. R. , Allan R. E. , Vogel O. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Varieties and selections with long coleoptiles emerged more rapidly than those characterized by shorter coleoptiles. Emergence rate indexes were found to parallel coleoptile length. Standard‐height varieties produced longer coleoptiles than the semidwarfs for all depths at 50° F., while at 90° semidwarf selection 14 × 53‐101 rated second at the 2‐inch and 4‐inch depths of planting. At the 3‐ and 4‐inch planting depths emergence was reduced between 15 and 49% at 50° and 48 to 81% at 90° when compared to emergence percent at the 2‐inch depth.
Effect of Stocking Pressure on Animal and Acre Output1
Authors: Bryant H. T. , Hammes R. C. , Blaser R. E. , Fontenot J. P.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Daily gains of the steers on the lighter stocked pastures were greater than those on the heavier stocked pastures. However, a large difference in stocking pressure had to be imposed before the difference in either steer gains, carrying capacity, or herbage dry matter digestibility were significant.
Yield, Fiber Quality and Potassium Content of Irrigated Cotton Plants as Affected by Rates of Potassium1
Authors: Bennett O. L. , Rouse R. D. , Ashley D. A. , Doss B. D.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Potassium applications increased yield of seed cotton, size of bolls, and fiber micronaire values, but decreased lint percentage. K content of plants increased in proportion to rate of K applied. Old leaves plus perioles gave the best indication of the K status of the plant. Fiber quality was best at lower rates of K.
Availability of Phosphorus in Rock Phosphate‐Sulfur Fusions1
Authors: Kittams H. A. , Attoe O. J.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Recovery of P by ryegrass was inversely related to granule size and ratio of rock phosphate to sulfur. Both the 1:1 and 2:1 ratios of −40 mesh granules compared favorably with superphosphate as a source of P. Recovery of P from fusions added to calcareous soils was quite low. After 4 weeks incubation, the amounts of sulfur oxidized were quite similar for soil moisture contents between two‐thirds and twice field moisture capacity.
Differential Aluminum Tolerance of Wheat and Barley Varieties in Acid Soils1
Authors: Foy C. D. , Armiger W. H. , Briggle L. W. , Reid D. A.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Varieties of wheat and of barley differed widely in their tolerance to acid soils containing high levels of KCl‐extractable Al. With few exceptions, varieties developed in the eastern United States were more tolerant than those developed in the Plains and Western States. Wheat varieties from Brazil were exceptionally tolerant. The results indicate that certain varieties have been selected for properties that are closely associated with their abilities to tolerate Al in acid soils.
Effect of Temperatures During Plant Development on the Fatty Acid Composition of Linseed Oil1
Authors: Yermanos D. M. , Goodin J. R.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Differential temperatures (constant 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80° F.) were applied before and after initiation of floral primordia in two varieties of seed flax. Pre‐flower treatments caused significant differences in vegetative development but did not affect fatty acid composition of the seed oil of either variety. Post‐flower‐temperature affected fatty acid composition of the oil drastically. Linolenic acid decreased and oleic acid increased as post‐flowering temperatures increased from 50°to 80° F. Linoleic acid was not affected significantly.
Transpiration Patterns of Wheat, Barley and Oat Seedlings Under Varying Conditions of Soil Moisture1
Authors: Salim M. H. , Todd Glenn W.
Published: July 2010

Synopsis

Barley plants had the lowest transpiration rate and oats the highest under both greenhouse and growth chamber conditions. For all plants there was a linear relationship between soil moisture content and transpiration loss. Plants subjected to a single period of moisture stress showed a marked reduction in transpiration from the prestress rate. Water use efficiency was the same for the 3 genera in the growth chamber, but in the greenhouse barley had a much greater efficiency than wheat or oats.
Survival of Turfgrass Seedlings Subjected to Induced Drouth Stress1
Authors: Wood Glen M. , Buckland Hollis E.
Published: July 2010

Turfgrass seedlings were exposed in the growth chamber to alternate moist and severe drying conditions. ‘Park’ and ‘Merion’ had significantly more surviving seedlings than other bluegrasses following subjection to drouth treatments. Final survival of one Merion seed lot was significantly higher than that of any of the other turf grasses. Most of the Merion survival was the result of delayed seedling emergence occurring during a prolonged moist period before the final period of drouth stress.

Initial emergence of the red fescues under moist conditions was considerably faster than for the bluegrasses, but ‘Pennlawn’ and ‘Rainier’ red fescues were significantly slower than Park Kentucky bluegrass. Rainier red fescue appeared to have somewhat greater resistance to vegetative desiccation resulting in death than the other fescues.

Evidence was obtained that new fescue seedlings could emerge, and that generally bluegrasses could not, during brief moist intervals between periods of drouth.

Following three periods of induced drouth, both lots of Chewings red fescue had significantly fewer seedlings than did the other fescues.

Except after the final very severe period of stress, red fescue seedlings were generally present in significantly greater numbers than were the bluegrasses.

In these tests common red fescue was equal or superior to the named fescue cultivars in over‐all drouth tolerance.
Effect of Plant Population and Row Spacing on Soybean Development and Production1
Authors: Weber C. R. , Shibles R. M. , Byth D. E.
Published: July 2010

Dry weight (DW) production of ‘Hawkeye’ soybeans (Glycine max (L.) Merrill) was highly correlated with leaf area index (LAI) accumulation. Those plant population‐arrangement combinations favoring a rapid attainment of high LAI (i.e., high plant populations and narrow row spacings) were those also having the greatest DW accumulation. However, the rate of DW production in soybeans was shown previously to be a function of LAI only up to a particular LAI. Further, maximum seed yield occurred at less than maximum LAI and at generally lower populations and narrower row spacings. Highest seed yield occurred in 10‐inch rows with 104,544 plants per acre, while DW was maximized in 5‐inch rows with 209,088 plants per acre. LAI and DW produced at stage 9 were not good predictors of seed yield.

Plants produced at highest densities were taller, more sparsely branched, lodged more, and set fewer pods and seed than those plants at lower densities. Thus, the seed yield reduction resulting suggested more severe plant competition at higher plant densities. Plant spacing and population had a small effect on protein and oil content.
Boron Fertilization of Corn in Minnesota1
Authors: Peterson J. R. , MacGregor J. M.
Published: July 2010

Six fields (5 soil types) of corn were treated with soluble boron at different rates and methods of application during 1961 and 1962. A fritted trace element treatment (FTE‐502) was included in 1961, but a lighter application of FTE‐504 in 1962. No boron deficiency symptoms were observed at any growth stage, either on the corn foliage or on the ears. Leaf B concentrations on untreated soil were generally related to soluble soil B. Boron applied either in the corn row or as foliar spray resulted in the highest leaf B concentrations and broadcast B resulted in a lower level. Upper corn leaves sampled in mid‐August were highest in B. Optimum leaf sampling at this time is suggested. These five Minnesota soils, having a water‐soluble B content of 0.33 to 1.58 ppm, apparently do not require B applications for maximum corn production at this time.
Phosphorus Uptake by Corn (Zea mays L.) Under No‐Tillage and Conventional Practices1
Authors: Singh T. A. , Thomas G. W. , Moschler W. W. , Martens D. C.
Published: July 2010

Field investigations were conducted in 1963 and 1964 on Wellston loam to compare uptake of applied phosphate under no‐tillage and conventional tillage methods of growing corn. P32 labelled superphosphate was applied to the soil surface in no‐tillage and rototilled into the upper 5 inches of the soil for conventional tillage.

In 1963 no significant differences in fertilizer P uptake were found but the total P content of corn leaves was higher where the phosphate was applied on the surface, at the first two sampling dates. There were no significant differences at the last two sampling dates.

In 1964 both the uptake of fertilizer P and total P content of the corn leaves were larger at the first sampling date where the phosphate was surface applied than where it was incorporated into the soil. No significant differences occurred at the last three sampling dates.
Effect of Soil Temperature at Different Growth Stages on Growth and Development of Potato Plants1
Authors: Epstein Eliot
Published: July 2010

The effect of soil temperature on potato growth depended on the stage of growth of the plant. The three growth stages studied were (a) planting to emergence, (b) emergence to 30 days, and (c) 30 days to maturity.

In the first growth stages the plants did not emerge at 48F. However, if the potato plants were allowed to emerge, growth stage (b), and then placed at 48F, top growth developed. In the second growth stage (b) root growth was less sensitive to temperature differentials than top growth.

In the third growth stage (c) soil temperature affected root concentration with depth but did not influence root distribution in a lateral direction. Tuber yield increased with increased temperature to 72F and then decreased at 84F. At 84F specific gravity of tuber was lower than at the other temperatures studied. Tuber shape was also affected by high soil temperature.
Efficiency of Fertilizer Urea as Affected by Method of Application, Soil Moisture, and Lime1
Authors: Volk Gaylord M.
Published: July 2010

The persistence of surface‐applied urea and comparative crop responses to solution and solid N sources including urea were studied on sandy soils of pH 5.4 to 6.0 and 1.7 to 2.5% organic matter. Over 80% of prilled urea applied to a soil with an air‐dry surface under field conditions did not hydrolyze within 14 days, and from 42 to 72% persisted where a soil surface was only temporarily moist from recent tillage or irrigation, even though heavy dews formed nightly. With an exposed surface, continuously moist from a high water table, urea completely hydrolyzed within 7 days, with 65% of the applied N not accounted for as NH4+ and assumed largely lost as NH3 gas.

Response of pasture grasses usually showed urea to be inferior to other N sources, with ammonium nitrate being the most consistently superior. Efficiency of urea and solutions appeared to be increased by rain immediately after application. Surface liming depressed responses to urea and materials containing ammonium‐N. Response of sweet corn to side dressings of urea was slightly inferior to responses to solid or solution‐N materials containing nitrate‐N, apparently as a result of faster penetration of NO3‐ as compared to NH4+ when moisture permitted. Covering urea or applying it on a temporarily moist vs dry surface had no differentiating effect.

Persistence of urea on air‐dry or temporarily moist soil surface until incorporated by tillage or rainfall vs rapid loss of NH3 if a moist surface persists is a logical explanation of erratic responses to surface‐applied urea.
Seed Yield Losses from Lodging and Combine Harvesting in Soybeans1
Authors: Weber C. R. , Fehr W. R.
Published: July 2010

Soybean seed yield losses due to lodging and to combine harvesting were evaluated for 3 years. The combine yield loss attributable to lodging averaged 29 pounds per acre, or 1.3%. Combine yield losses for 3.5, 5.0, and 6.5 inches of cut were 5.4, 9.4, and 12.2%, respectively. Using a linear relationship, there was an average yield loss of 38 pounds per acre, or 1.9%, for each inch of cut from ground line to 6.5 inches and 46 pounds per acre, or 2.3%, loss for each inch of cut from 3.5 to 6.5 inches.

Physiological effects of lodging were evaluated for 3 years with 7 soybean varieties by using 2 treatments, staking and nonstaking. Prevention of lodging increased yield 320 pounds per acre or 13.0%, decreased seed size 0.3 gram per 100 seeds, delayed maturity 2 days, and increased plant height 3 inches. Pod number, seed number, and seed size determinations indicated that the increase in seed yield was primarily due to an increased number of pods and seeds in the staked varieties.