bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra- and inter-spatial variability of meiofauna in hadal trenches is linked to microbial activity and food availability
Authors: Shimabukuro M. , Zeppilli D. , Leduc D. , Wenzhöfer F. , Berg P. , Rowden A. A. , Glud R. N.
Published: March 2022

Hadal trenches are depocenters for organic material, and host intensified benthic microbial activity. The enhanced deposition is presumed to be reflected in elevated meiofaunal standing-stock, but available studies are ambiguous. Here, we investigate the distribution of meiofauna along the Atacama Trench axis and adjacent abyssal and bathyal settings in order to relate the meiofauna densities to proxies for food availability. Meiofauna densities peaked at the sediment surface and attenuated steeply with increasing sediment depth. The distribution mirrored the vertical profile of the microbial-driven oxygen consumption rate demonstrating a close linkage between microbial activity and meiofauna density. Meiofaunal standing-stock along the trench axis varied by a factor of two, but were markedly higher than values from the abyssal site at the oceanic plate. Overall, meiofaunal densities poorly correlated with common proxies for food availability such as total organic carbon and phytopigments, but strongly correlated with the microbial benthic O2consumption rate. We argue that microbial biomass likely represents an important meiofaunal food source for hadal meiofauna. Observations from three trench systems underlying surface water of highly different productivity confirmed elevated meiofaunal densities at the trench axis as compared to abyssal sites on oceanic plates. Food availability appear to drive elevated abundance and variations in meiofauna densities in hadal sediments.
Dynamic gesture recognition based on 2D convolutional neural network and feature fusion
Authors: Yu Jimin , Qin Maowei , Zhou Shangbo
Published: March 2022

Gesture recognition is one of the most popular techniques in the field of computer vision today. In recent years, many algorithms for gesture recognition have been proposed, but most of them do not have a good balance between recognition efficiency and accuracy. Therefore, proposing a dynamic gesture recognition algorithm that balances efficiency and accuracy is still a meaningful work. Currently, most of the commonly used dynamic gesture recognition algorithms are based on 3D convolutional neural networks. Although 3D convolutional neural networks consider both spatial and temporal features, the networks are too complex, which is the main reason for the low efficiency of the algorithms. To improve this problem, we propose a recognition method based on a strategy combining 2D convolutional neural networks with feature fusion. The original keyframes and optical flow keyframes are used to represent spatial and temporal features respectively, which are then sent to the 2D convolutional neural network for feature fusion and final recognition. To ensure the quality of the extracted optical flow graph without increasing the complexity of the network, we use the fractional-order method to extract the optical flow graph, creatively combine fractional calculus and deep learning. Finally, we use Cambridge Hand Gesture dataset and Northwestern University Hand Gesture dataset to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm. The experimental results show that our algorithm has a high accuracy while ensuring low network complexity.
Modulation of myosin by cardiac myosin binding protein-C peptides improves cardiac contractility in ex-vivo experimental heart failure models
Authors: Hou Luqia , Kumar Mohit , Anand Priti , Chen Yinhong , El-Bizri Nesrine , Pickens Chad J. , Seganish W. Michael , Sadayappan Sakthivel , Swaminath Gayathri
Published: March 2022

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is an important regulator of sarcomeric function. Reduced phosphorylation of cMyBP-C has been linked to compromised contractility in heart failure patients. Here, we used previously published cMyBP-C peptides 302A and 302S, surrogates of the regulatory phosphorylation site serine 302, as a tool to determine the effects of modulating the dephosphorylation state of cMyBP-C on cardiac contraction and relaxation in experimental heart failure (HF) models in vitro. Both peptides increased the contractility of papillary muscle fibers isolated from a mouse model expressing cMyBP-C phospho-ablation (cMyBP-CAAA) constitutively. Peptide 302A, in particular, could also improve the force redevelopment rate (ktr) in papillary muscle fibers from cMyBP-CAAA (nonphosphorylated alanines) mice. Consistent with the above findings, both peptides increased ATPase rates in myofibrils isolated from rats with myocardial infarction (MI), but not from sham rats. Furthermore, in the cMyBP-CAAA mouse model, both peptides improved ATPase hydrolysis rates. These changes were not observed in non-transgenic (NTG) mice or sham rats, indicating the specific effects of these peptides in regulating the dephosphorylation state of cMyBP-C under the pathological conditions of HF. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that modulation of cMyBP-C dephosphorylation state can be a therapeutic approach to improve myosin function, sarcomere contractility and relaxation after an adverse cardiac event. Therefore, targeting cMyBP-C could potentially improve overall cardiac performance as a complement to standard-care drugs in HF patients.
Multicenter randomized clinical trial comparing dexamethasone versus placebo in preventing upper airway obstruction after extubation in critically ill children
Authors: Butragueño-Laiseca Laura , Manrique Martín Gema , González Cortés Rafael , Rey Galán Corsino , Martínez de Compañón Martínez de Ma Zuriñe , Gil Antón Javier , Rodríguez Núñez Antonio , M Fernández-Llamazares Cecilia , Manrique-Rodríguez Silvia , López-Herce Cid Jesús
Published: March 2022

To analyze the effectiveness of dexamethasone in preventing upper airway obstruction (UAO) symptoms after extubation and the need of reintubation in critically ill children. Multicenter, prospective, double-blind, randomized, phase IV clinical trial involving five pediatric intensive care units. Children between 1 month and 16 years-of-age intubated for more than 48 h were included. Patients were randomized to receive placebo or dexamethasone 0.25 mg/kg every 6 h, 6-to-12 h prior to extubation (four doses). 48 h follow-up was carried out after extubation. Severity of UAO symptoms (Taussig score, stridor) and reintubation requirement were compared. 147 patients were randomized (10 were excluded), 70 patients received dexamethasone and 67 placebo. No global differences were found in the presence of stridor or moderate-to-severe UAO symptoms (Taussig ≥ 5), but Taussig ≥ 5 was less frequent in patients less than 2 years-of-age treated with steroids (p = 0.014). Median Taussig score was lower in the dexamethasone group 1 h after extubation, p < 0.001. 27 patients required reintubation, 9 due to UAO: 3 (4.3%) in the dexamethasone group and 6 (8.9%) in the placebo group, p = 0.319. In those intubated > 5 days, reintubation due to UAO was higher in the placebo group (2.4% vs. 14.3, p = 0.052). Nebulized epinephrine and budesonide were required more frequently in the placebo group in the first 2 h (p = 0.041) and 1 h (p = 0.02) after extubation, respectively. No relevant side effects were observed. Dexamethasone prior to extubation did not significantly reduce moderate-severe UAO symptoms, except for patients under 2-years of age. Dexamethasone could decrease Taussig score and the need of rescue therapies, as well as reintubation rates in those intubated for more than 5 days.
Physical characterization of fault rocks within the Opalinus Clay formation
Authors: Orellana Luis Felipe , Nussbaum Christophe , Grafulha Luiz , Henry Pierre , Violay Marie
Published: March 2022

Near-surface disposal of radioactive waste in shales is a promising option to safeguard the population and environment. However, natural faults intersecting these geological formations can potentially affect the long-term isolation of the repositories. This paper characterizes the physical properties and mineralogy of the internal fault core structure intersecting the Opalinus Clay formation, a host rock under investigation for nuclear waste storage at the Mont Terri Laboratory (Switzerland). We have performed porosity, density, microstructural and mineralogical measurements in different sections of the fault, including intact clays, scaly clays and fault gouge. Mercury intrusion porosimetry analysis reveal a gouge that has a pore network dominated by nanopores of less than 10 nm, yet a high-porosity (21%) and low grain density (2.62 g/cm3) when compared to the intact rock (14.2%, and 2.69 g/cm3). Thus, a more permeable internal fault core structure with respect to the surrounding rock is deduced. Further, we describe the OPA fault gouge as a discrete fault structure having the potential to act as a preferential, yet narrow, and localized channel for fluid-flow if compared to the surrounding rock. Since the fault gouge is limited to a millimetres-thick structure, we expect the barrier property of the geological formation is almost not affected.
Rapid light carbon releases and increased aridity linked to Karoo–Ferrar magmatism during the early Toarcian oceanic anoxic event
Authors: Font Eric , Duarte Luís Vítor , Dekkers Mark J. , Remazeilles Celine , Egli Ramon , Spangenberg Jorge E. , Fantasia Alicia , Ribeiro Joana , Gomes Elsa , Mirão José , Adatte Thierry
Published: March 2022

Large-scale release of isotopically light carbon is responsible for the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) of the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event during the Lower Jurassic. Proposed sources include methane hydrate dissociation, volcanogenic outgassing of carbon dioxide and/or thermogenic methane release from the Karoo‐Ferrar magmatic province (southern Africa). Distinct small-scale shifts superimposed on the long-term CIE have been interpreted as rapid methane pulses linked to astronomically forced climate changes. In the Peniche reference section (Portugal), these small-scale shifts correspond to distinct brownish marly layers featuring markedly high mercury (Hg) and magnetic mineral concentration. Total organic carbon and Hg increase are uncorrelated, which suggests input of Hg into the atmosphere, possibly released after the intrusion of the Karoo-Ferrar sills into organic-rich sediments. Enhanced magnetic properties are associated with the presence of martite, washed-in oxidized magnetite, inferred to be due to increased aridity on the continental hinterland. This study provides strong evidence for a direct link between the Karoo-Ferrar magmatism, the carbon-isotope shifts and the resulting environmental changes.
The impact of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) concentration on yield in Prunus dulcis, Pistacia vera, and Juglans regia
Authors: Zwieniecki Maciej A. , Davidson Anna M. , Orozco Jessica , Cooper Katelyn B. , Guzman-Delgado Paula
Published: March 2022

Successful yield in orchards is the culmination of a series of events that start with plants entering dormancy with adequate energy reserves (non-structural carbohydrates; NSC). These NSC are responsible for the maintenance of activities during dormancy and extending onto the period of activeness. Using multi-year yield information and monthly NSC content in twigs, we show that high levels of carbohydrate in Prunus dulcis, Pistachio vera, and Juglans regia during the winter months are indeed associated with high yield, while high levels of the NSC in late summer often correlate with low yield. An evaluation of monthly NSC level importance on yield revealed that for P. dulcis high levels in February were a good predictor of yield and that low levels throughout summer were associated with high yield. In P. vera, high levels of NSC in December were best predictors of yield. J. regia exhibited peculiar patterns; while high pre-budbreak reserves were associated with high yields they only played a minor role in explaining crop, the most important months for predicting yields were June and July. Results suggest that NSC levels can serve as good predictors of orchard yield potential and should be monitored to inform orchard management.
Newly described anatomical opening on forelimb tendon in the artiodactyls and its relation to knee clicks
Authors: Pyszko Martin , Němeček Petr , Horák Ondřej , Páral Václav , Kotrba Radim , Hoffman Louwrens C. , Robovský Jan
Published: March 2022

To understand which morphological/anatomical parts may be responsible in artiodactyl ungulates for the clicking sound made when moving, this research focuses on the forelimb tendon apparatus where an undescribed opening in the fibrous cuff (manica flexoria), called hereafter for its shape as an “oval window” in themanica flexoria(OWMF), was detected. This oval window was found in 24 of the 25 species of four families (Camelidae, Giraffidae, Cervidae, and Bovidae) evaluated; the exception being inBos taurus taurus(Domestic cattle). The length and width of the OWMF enabled correct species discrimination between the majority of species, but remained conservative intraspecifically, as it did not differ between the left and right side of the forelimb, third and fourth digits, or between sexes. When evaluating the shape of OWMF in individual species, and measuring its length and width, 18 out of the 24 species investigated had this window as an oval shape, the remaining 25% of species exhibited more oval-oblong shapes with either proximal or distal asymmetry. The function of the OWMF in the thoracic autopodium of most ruminant even-toed ungulates is not yet fully understood. Its most likely function is to help balance the pressure inside the ligament cuff and reduce the friction of the touching surfaces of the muscle tendons—thus facilitating the movement of the digits when walking. None of the absolute or relative OWMF parameters fit exclusively with the occurrence and distribution of knee-clicks produced by some bovids and cervids during movement, so the mechanism responsible for this sound remains cryptic from the present anatomical perspective.
E.Co.Tech-electrochemical handheld breathalyzer COVID sensing technology
Authors: Banga Ivneet , Paul Anirban , France Kordel , Micklich Ben , Cardwell Bret , Micklich Craig , Prasad Shalini
Published: March 2022

Breathomics is widely emerging as a strategy for non-invasive diagnosis of respiratory inflammation. In this study, we have evaluated the metabolic signals associated with Coronavirus (SARS COV-2), mainly the release of nitric oxide in breath. We have demonstrated the utility of a breath analyzer-based sensor platform for the detection of trace amounts of this target species. The sensor surface is modified with Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) that allows faster diffusion of the target gas and can be used for gas sensing application. A low limit of detection (LOD) of 50 parts per billion has been achieved with a 95% confidence interval for detection of nitric oxide.. This inhouse designed sensor is incorporated into a breath analyzer system that displays enhanced sensitivity, specificity, linearity, and reproducibility for NO gas monitoring. The developed sensor platform can detect target concentrations of NO ranging from 50 to 250 ppb, using 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Tetrafluoroborate ([EMIM]BF4) as RTIL and displays fast response time of 5 s, thereby allowing easy detection of the target gas species. The sensor successfully quantifies the diffusion current and charge modulations arising within the electrical double layer from the RTIL–NO interactions through DC-based chronoamperometry (CA). The subjects tested negative and positive are significantly different (p < 0.01). The prototype can potentially be used for human health monitoring and screening, especially during the pandemic due to its portability, small size, an embedded RTIL sensing element, integrability with a low-power microelectronic device, and an IoT interface.
Cell cycle arrest is an important mechanism of action of compound Kushen injection in the prevention of colorectal cancer
Authors: Sun Jie , Li Mei , Lin Tingru , Wang Di , Chen Jingyi , Zhang Yu , Mu Qing , Su Huiting , Wu Na , Liu Aiyu , Yu Yimeng , Liu Yulan , Wang Shaojie , Yu Xin , Guo Jingzhu , Yu Weidong
Published: March 2022

Compound Kushen injection (CKI) is the most widely used traditional Chinese medicine preparation for the comprehensive treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC) in China, but its underlying molecular mechanisms of action are still unclear. The present study employed a network pharmacology approach, in which we constructed a “bioactive compound-target-pathway” network. Experimental RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis was performed to identify a key “bioactive compound-target-pathway” network for subsequent experimental validation. Cell cycle, proliferation, autophagy, and apoptosis assays and a model of azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in mice were employed to detect the biological effect of CKI on CRC. Real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry were performed to verify the selected targets and pathways. We constructed a predicted network that included 82 bioactive compounds, 34 targets, and 33 pathways and further screened an anti-CRC CKI “biological compound (hesperetin 7-O-rutinoside, genistein 7-O-rutinoside, and trifolirhizin)-target (p53 and checkpoint kinase 1 [CHEK1])” network that targeted the “cell cycle pathway”. Validation experiments showed that CKI effectively induced the cell-cycle arrest of CRC cells in vitro and suppressed the development of CRC in vivo by downregulating the expression of p53 and CHEK1. Our findings confirmed that inducing cell-cycle arrest by CKI is an important mechanism of its anti-CRC action, which provides a direct and scientific experimental basis for the clinical application of CKI.
Quantifying the contribution of transcription factor activity, mutations and microRNAs to CD274 expression in cancer patients
Authors: Bruns Imke B. , Beltman Joost B.
Published: March 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)/programmed cell death protein ligand 1 (PD-L1) axis have been remarkably successful in inducing tumor remissions in several human cancers, yet a substantial number of patients do not respond to treatment. Because this may be partially due to the mechanisms giving rise to high PD-L1 expression within a patient, it is highly relevant to fully understand these mechanisms. In this study, we conduct a bioinformatic analysis to quantify the relative importance of transcription factor (TF) activity, microRNAs (miRNAs) and mutations in determining PD-L1 (CD274) expression at mRNA level based on data from the Cancer Genome Atlas. To predict individual CD274 levels based on TF activity, we developed multiple linear regression models by taking the expression of target genes of the TFs known to directly target PD-L1 as independent variables. This analysis showed that IRF1, STAT1, NFKB and BRD4 are the most important regulators of CD274 expression, explaining its mRNA levels in 90–98% of the patients. Because the remaining patients had high CD274 levels independent of these TFs, we next investigated whether mutations associated with increased CD274 mRNA levels, and low levels of miRNAs associated with negative regulation of CD274 expression could cause high CD274 levels in these patients. We found that mutations or miRNAs offered an explanation for high CD274 levels in 81–100% of the underpredicted patients. Thus, CD274 expression is largely explained by TF activity, and the remaining unexplained cases can largely be explained by mutations or low miRNA abundance.
Characterization of basal ganglia volume changes in the context of HIV and polysubstance use
Authors: Monick Andrew J. , Joyce Michelle R. , Chugh Natasha , Creighton Jason A. , Morgan Owen P. , Strain Eric C. , Marvel Cherie L.
Published: March 2022

HIV and psychoactive substances can impact the integrity of the basal ganglia (BG), a neural substrate of cognition, motor control, and reward-seeking behaviors. This study assessed BG gray matter (GM) volume as a function of polysubstance (stimulant and opioid) use and HIV status. We hypothesized that comorbid polysubstance use and HIV seropositivity would alter BG GM volume differently than would polysubstance use or HIV status alone. We collected structural MRI scans, substance use history, and HIV diagnoses. Participants who had HIV (HIV +), a history of polysubstance dependence (POLY +), both, or neither completed assessments for cognition, motor function, and risk-taking behaviors (N = 93). All three clinical groups showed a left-lateralized pattern of GM reduction in the BG relative to controls. However, in the HIV + /POLY + group, stimulant use was associated with increased GM volume within the globus pallidus and putamen. This surpassed the effects from opioid use, as indicated by decreased GM volume throughout the BG in the HIV-/POLY + group. Motor learning was impaired in all three clinical groups, and in the HIV + /POLY + group, motor learning was associated with increased caudate and putamen GM volume. We also observed associations between BG GM volume and risk-taking behaviors in the HIV + /POLY- and HIV-/POLY + groups. The effects of substance use on the BG differed as a function of substance type used, HIV seropositivity, and BG subregion. Although BG volume decreased in association with HIV and opioid use, stimulants can, inversely, lead to BG volume increases within the context of HIV.
Exosomal miR-143-3p derived from follicular fluid promotes granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A in polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Zhao Yuanyuan , Pan Shuhong , Li Yunying , Wu Xiaohua
Published: March 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is an endocrine disorder that occurs in women of reproductive age. Anovulation caused by abnormal follicular development is still the main characteristic of PCOS patients with infertile. Granulosa cell (GC) is an important part of the follicular microenvironment, the dysfunction of which can affect follicular development. Increasing evidence indicates that exosomal miRNAs derived from the follicular fluid (FF) of patients play critical roles during PCOS. However, which follicular fluid-derived exosomal miRNAs play a pivotal role in controlling granulosa cell function and consequently follicular development remain largely unknown, as does the underlying mechanism. Herein, we showed that miR-143-3p is highly expressed in the follicular fluid exosomes of patients with PCOS and can be delivered into granulosa cells. Furthermore, functional experiments showed that translocated miR-143-3p promoted granulosa cell apoptosis, which is important in follicle development. Mechanistically, BMPR1A was identified as a direct target of miR-143-3p. Overexpression of BMPR1A reversed the effects of exosomal miR-143-3p on GC apoptosis and proliferation by activating the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. These results demonstrate that miR-143-3p-containing exosomes derived from PCOS follicular fluid promoted granulosa cell apoptosis by targeting BMPR1A and blocking the Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway. Our findings provide a novel mechanism underlying the roles of exosomal-miRNAs in the follicular fluid of PCOS patients and facilitate the development of therapeutic strategies for PCOS.
The resurrection of tellurium as an elemental two-dimensional semiconductor
Authors: Qiu Gang , Charnas Adam , Niu Chang , Wang Yixiu , Wu Wenzhuo , Ye Peide D.
Published: March 2022

The graphene boom has triggered a widespread search for novel elemental van der Waals materials thanks to their simplicity for theoretical modeling and easy access for material growth. Group VI element tellurium is an unintentionally p-type doped narrow bandgap semiconductor featuring a one-dimensional chiral atomic structure which holds great promise for next-generation electronic, optoelectronic, and piezoelectric applications. In this paper, we first review recent progress in synthesizing atomically thin Te two-dimensional (2D) films and one-dimensional (1D) nanowires. Its applications in field-effect transistors and potential for building ultra-scaled Complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor (CMOS) circuits are discussed. We will also overview the recent study on its quantum transport in the 2D limit and progress in exploring its topological features and chiral-related physics. We envision that the breakthrough in obtaining high-quality 2D Te films will inspire a revisit of the fundamental properties of this long-forgotten material in the near future.
Three-body aggregation of guest molecules as a key step in methane hydrate nucleation and growth
Authors: Hu Wenfeng , Chen Cong , Sun Jingyue , Zhang Ning , Zhao Jiafei , Liu Yu , Ling Zheng , Li Weizhong , Liu Weiguo , Song Yongchen
Published: March 2022

Gas hydrates have an important role in environmental and astrochemistry, as well as in energy materials research. Although it is widely accepted that gas accumulation is an important and necessary process during hydrate nucleation, how guest molecules aggregate remains largely unknown. Here, we have performed molecular dynamics simulations to clarify the nucleation path of methane hydrate. We demonstrated that methane gather with a three-body aggregate pattern corresponding to the free energy minimum of three-methane hydrophobic interaction. Methane molecules fluctuate around one methane which later becomes the central gas molecule, and when several methanes move into the region within 0.8 nm of the potential central methane, they act as directional methane molecules. Two neighbor directional methanes and the potential central methane form a three-body aggregate as a regular triangle with a distance of ~6.7 Å which is well within the range of typical methane-methane distances in hydrates or in solution. We further showed that hydrate nucleation and growth is inextricably linked to three-body aggregates. By forming one, two, and three three-body aggregates, the possibility of hydrate nucleation at the aggregate increases from 3/6, 5/6 to 6/6. The results show three-body aggregation of guest molecules is a key step in gas hydrate formation.
Subaerial volcanism is a potentially major contributor to oceanic iron and manganese cycles
Authors: Longman Jack , Palmer Martin R. , Gernon Thomas M. , Manners Hayley R. , Jones Morgan T.
Published: March 2022

Surface ocean availability of the micronutrients iron and manganese influences primary productivity and carbon cycling in the ocean. Volcanic ash is rich in iron and manganese, but the global supply of these nutrients to the oceans via ash deposition is poorly constrained. Here, we use marine sediment-hosted ash composition data from ten volcanic regions, and subaerial volcanic eruption volumes, to estimate global ash-driven nutrient fluxes. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we estimate average fluxes of dissolved Iron and Manganese from volcanic sources to be between 50 and 500 (median 180) and 0.6 and 3.2 (median 1.3) Gmol yr−1, respectively. Much of the element release occurs during early diagenesis, indicating ash-rich shelf sediments are likely important suppliers of aqueous iron and manganese. Estimated ash-driven fluxes are of similar magnitude to aeolian inputs. We suggest that subaerial volcanism is an important, but underappreciated, source of these micronutrients to the global ocean.
Towards a business case for CO2 mineralisation in the cement industry
Authors: Strunge Till , Renforth Phil , Van der Spek Mijndert
Published: March 2022

The cement industry, an industry characterised by low margins, is responsible for approximately 7% of anthropogenic CO2equivalent (CO2e) emissions and holds the highest carbon intensity of any industry per unit of revenue. To encourage complete decarbonisation of the cement industry, strategies must be found in which CO2eemission reductions are incentivised. Here we show through integrated techno-economic modelling that CO2mineralisation of silicate minerals, aiming to store CO2in solid form, results in CO2eemission reductions of 8–33% while generating additional profit of up to €32 per tonne of cement. To create positive CO2mineralisation business cases two conditions are paramount: the resulting products must be used as a supplementary material in cement blends in the construction industry (e.g., for bridges or buildings) and the storage of CO2in minerals must be eligible for emission certificates or similar. Additionally, mineral transport and composition of the product are decisive.
Ultrafast dynamics and ultrasensitive single particle spectroscopy of optically robust core/alloy shell semiconductor quantum dots
Authors: Roy Debjit , De Chayan K. , Ghosh Swarnali , Mukherjee Soumen , Mandal Saptarshi , Mandal Prasun K.
Published: March 2022

Highly reproducible synthesis, ultrafast dynamics and ultrasensitive single particle spectroscopy of extremely robust (structural and optical) Core/Alloy Shell QDs have been described in a detailed manner.
Pyridine interaction with γ-CuI: synergy between molecular dynamics and molecular orbital approaches to molecule/surface interactions
Authors: Duston Titouan B. , Pike Robert D. , Welch David A. , Nicholas Aaron D.
Published: March 2022

We have used a synergistic computational approach merging Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the mechanistic aspects of chemisorption of pyridine (Py) molecules on copper iodide.
Porous organic polymers for Li-chemistry-based batteries: functionalities and characterization studies
Authors: Luo Dan , Li Matthew , Ma Qianyi , Wen Guobin , Dou Haozhen , Ren Bohua , Liu Yizhou , Wang Xin , Shui Lingling , Chen Zhongwei
Published: March 2022

This tutorial review introduces different types of POPs and their classification and functions for Li-chemistry-based batteries. In situ characterization studies are also discussed to highlight their importance and applicability for POPs.
Realizing high thermoelectric performance in non-nanostructured n-type PbTe
Authors: Jia Baohai , Huang Yi , Wang Yan , Zhou Yeshiyuan , Zhao Xiaodie , Ning Suiting , Xu Xiao , Lin Peijian , Chen Zhiquan , Jiang Binbin , He Jiaqing
Published: March 2022

A high zT of 1.7 without introducing any second phase in n-type PbTe was realized and a high energy conversion efficiency of 12.2% in an assembled generation module was achieved as well.
Temporal changes in salivary composition induced by oral exposure to different wine matrices and the relationship with the behaviour of aroma compounds in the mouth
Authors: Criado Celia , Muñoz-González Carolina , Hernández-Ledesma Blanca , Pozo-Bayón María Ángeles
Published: March 2022

Study of the dynamic changes in saliva flow and composition: pH, TPC, TPI and SAOX after the exposure of the oral cavity to aromatized wine matrices (dealcoholized, alcoholized, and synthetic wines).
Glucosamine enhances proliferation, barrier, and anti-oxidative functions in porcine trophectoderm cells
Authors: He Beibei , Bai Jun , Wu Zhenlong
Published: March 2022

Glucosamine plays an important role in promoting proliferation and stimulating the mTOR cell signaling pathway, as well as ameliorating oxidative stress and augmenting barrier functions in pTr cells.
Investigating the effects of supercritical antisolvent process and food models on antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and transepithelial transport of quercetin and rutin
Authors: Ozkan Gulay , Franco Paola , De Marco Iolanda , Capanoglu Esra , Esatbeyoglu Tuba
Published: March 2022

Effects of the Supercritical Anti-Solvent and food models on the antioxidant capacity, bioaccessibility and transport dynamics of flavonol-loaded microparticles were investigated using a combined in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell culture model.
Wafer-sized WS2 monolayer deposition by sputtering
Authors: Villamayor Michelle Marie S. , Husain Sajid , Oropesa-Nuñez Reinier , Johansson Fredrik O. L. , Lindblad Rebecka , Lourenço Pedro , Bernard Romain , Witkowski Nadine , Prévot Geoffroy , Sorgenfrei Nomi L. A. N. , Giangrisostomi Erika , Föhlisch Alexander , Svedlindh Peter , Lindblad Andreas , Nyberg Tomas
Published: March 2022

Radio frequency sputtering by argon ions on a target consisting of tungsten disulphide can create a single layer of the compound on a 4′′ Si-wafer with one W atom per two S atoms when including hydrogen sulphide in the sputtering atmosphere.
Highly porous carbon nanofiber electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries
Authors: Zhao Yunhe , Li Yang , Ihsan-ul-haq Muhammad , Mubarak Nauman , Xu Mengyang , Qin Xianying , Zhao Tian-Shou , Kim Jang-Kyo
Published: March 2022

Preparation of porous carbon nanofiber electrodes using electrospinning technology.
Synergistic effect between 1D Co3S4/MoS2 heterostructures to boost the performance for alkaline overall water splitting
Authors: Li Zilong , Xu Weilong , Yu Xiaolong , Yang Sanxi , Zhou Yang , Zhou Kai , Wu Qikai , Ning Shunlian , Luo Mi , Zhao Dengke , Wang Nan
Published: March 2022

Reasonable design and construction of hetero-bimetal sulfides with high performance for the oxygen/hydrogen evolution reaction (O/HER) in an alkaline electrolyte are promising but still challenging.
Light-driven reduction of aromatic olefins in aqueous media catalysed by aminopyridine cobalt complexes
Authors: Casadevall Carla , Pascual David , Aragón Jordi , Call Arnau , Casitas Alicia , Casademont-Reig Irene , Lloret-Fillol Julio
Published: March 2022

A dual catalytic system based on earth-abundant elements reduces aryl olefins to alkanes in aqueous media under visible light. Mechanistic studies allow for rational tunning of the system for the selective reduction of aryl olefins vs ketones and vice versa.
Profiling single-molecule reaction kinetics under nanopore confinement
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Zhong-Lin , Yang Chao-Nan , Ying Yi-Lun , Long Yi-Tao
Published: March 2022

A four-state kinetics model is proposed to reveal the kinetics of a single-molecule reaction under nanopore confinement.
Covalent organic frameworks for solid-state electrolytes of lithium metal batteries
Authors: Gao Zhihui , Liu Qing , Zhao Genfu , Sun Yongjiang , Guo Hong
Published: March 2022

A comprehensive evaluation of the different design strategies and development potentials of solid-state electrolytes based on covalent organic frameworks has been carried out through analysis of their electrochemical properties and applicability.
Hierarchical soot nanoparticle self-assemblies for enhanced performance as sodium-ion battery anodes
Authors: Cui Yuxiao , Subramaniyam Chandrasekar M , Li Lengwan , Han Tong , Kang Min-A. , Li Jian , Zhao Luyao , Wei Xinfeng , Svagan Anna J. , Hamedi Mahiar M.
Published: March 2022

Soot nanoparticles, that are considered as pollutants, have been utilized in the fabrication of a high-performance sodium-ion battery anode, which exhibits comparable electrochemical cycling as those prepared from commercial hard carbon materials.
Plasmonic hot-electron assisted phase transformation in 2D-MoS2 for the hydrogen evolution reaction: current status and future prospects
Authors: Sharma Uttam , Karazhanov Smagul , Jose Rajan , Das Santanu
Published: March 2022

This review thoroughly discussed plasmonic hot electron-induced 2H to 1T phase transformation in 2D-MoS2 for its application as an effective electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction with possible future challenges.
A dual-responsive nanozyme sensor with ultra-high sensitivity and ultra-low cross-interference towards metabolic biomarker monitoring
Authors: Wang Xinyu , Xia Zhaoping , Fodjo Essy Kouadio , Deng Wei , Li Dan
Published: March 2022

A smart dual-responsive nanozyme sensor was proposed for simultaneous analysis of glucose and caffeine with ultra-high sensitivity and selectivity.
Recent advances in n-type organic thermoelectric materials, dopants, and doping strategies
Authors: Tripathi Ayushi , Lee Yoonjoo , Lee Soonyong , Woo Han Young
Published: March 2022

Recent advances in the development of n-type organic thermoelectric materials, n-dopants and new doping strategies are summarized and the current challenges and future prospects are discussed in this research field.
Mechanochemical activation and oxidation of U(iv)O2
Authors: Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: March 2022

Mechanochemical impact induces oxidation of U(iv)O2 in presence of alkali metal peroxides Li2O2 and Na2O2 during liquid-assisted grinding, resulting in respective alkali U(vi) triperoxide phases (e.g. Na4[UO2(O2)3]·9H2O).
Not that innocent – ammonium ions boost homogeneous light-driven hydrogen evolution
Authors: Heiland Magdalena , De Ratnadip , Rau Sven , Dietzek-Ivansic Benjamin , Streb Carsten
Published: March 2022

Catalytic and photophysical studies provide initial information on the general hydrogen evolution reactivity enhancement by ammonium ions (NH4+).
Effect of electron structure on the catalytic activity of LaCoO3 perovskite towards toluene oxidation
Authors: Chen Hanlin , Liu Peng , Wei Gaoling , Huang Yu , Lin Xiaoju , Liang Xiaoliang , Zhu Jianxi
Published: March 2022

The catalytic activity of LaCoO3 perovskite towards toluene oxidation is closely associated with the electron structure (e.g., eg electron filling and O p-band center).
Predictive model of explosive detonation parameters from an equation of state based on detonation velocity
Authors: G. Bastante Fernando , Araújo María , Giráldez Eduardo
Published: March 2022

The predictive capacity of the model was tested using different experimental databases and predictions were compared with predictions by thermochemical models (BKW-RR, JCZ3-J and JCZS) and the empirical KJ method.
Low pressure metastable single-bonded solid nitrogen phases
Authors: Grishakov Konstantin S. , Degtyarenko Nikolay N.
Published: March 2022

New low-pressure high-energy density solid nitrogen phases are theoretically predicted.
Understanding and controlling the formation of surface anion vacancies for catalytic applications
Authors: Mine Shinya , Toyao Takashi , Hinuma Yoyo , Shimizu Ken-ichi
Published: March 2022

Systematic computational efforts aimed at calculating surface anion vacancy formation energies as important descriptors of catalytic performance are summarized.
Copper–zinc oxide interface as a methanol-selective structure in Cu–ZnO catalyst during catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol
Authors: Saedy Saeed , Newton Mark A. , Zabilskiy Maxim , Lee Jin Hee , Krumeich Frank , Ranocchiari Marco , van Bokhoven Jeroen A.
Published: March 2022

The proper contact of zinc oxide and copper phases is essential achieving high activity/selectivity toward methanol in the Cu–ZnO system.
Precise construction of lithiophilic sites by diyne-linked phthalocyanine polymer for suppressing metallic lithium dendrite
Authors: Gu Yu , Li Chunhua , Wang Yingbin , Lu Wenxin , Shang Hong , Sun Bing
Published: March 2022

A diyne-linked phthalocyanine polymer is in situ constructed for the first time on a Cu surface and used to promote the lithiophilicity of the electrode, resulting in improved electrochemical performance and a dendrite-free morphology.
High-throughput cryo-EM structure determination of amyloids
Authors: Lövestam Sofia , Scheres Sjors H. W.
Published: March 2022

This paper presents new cryo-EM image processing methods for amyloids, including automated picking and strategies for helical structure determination in RELION. The image shows examples of tau filament structures that were solved using these methods.
Tailored one-pot lignocellulose fractionation to maximize biorefinery toward versatile xylochemicals and nanomaterials
Authors: Yu Yanyan , Cheng Wanke , Li Yilin , Wang Tong , Xia Qinqin , Liu Yongzhuang , Yu Haipeng
Published: March 2022

Tailored green solvents for the total refinery of lignocellulose to versatile value-added products.
Dispersion-based, scalable fabrication of repellent superhydrophobic and liquid-infused coatings under ambient conditions
Authors: Walter Teresa , Hein Tamara , Weichselgartner Matthias , Wommer Kirsten , Aust Martin , Vogel Nicolas
Published: March 2022

We develop an environmentally benign, dispersion-based approach to fabricate superhydrophobic and liquid-infused coatings with efficient repellency properties.
The optical research progress of nanophosphors composed of transition elements in the fourth period of near-infrared windows I and II for deep-tissue theranostics
Authors: Chan Ming-Hsien , Huang Wen-Tse , Chen Kuan-Chun , Su Ting-Yi , Chan Yung-Chieh , Hsiao Michael , Liu Ru-Shi
Published: March 2022

Based on decades of optical application research, the NIR-I and NIR-II window can be expected to involve biomedical applications. The outlook of nano-phosphors composed of transition elements in the fourth period has been described in this review.
From macromonomers to bottlebrush copolymers with sequence control: synthesis, properties, and applications
Authors: Kim Ki Hyun , Nam Jiyun , Choi Jinwoong , Seo Myungeun , Bang Joona
Published: March 2022

This review article focuses on recent advances of bottlebrush copolymers prepared by a ring-opening metathesis polymerization, from synthesis efforts to properties and applications.
Electrochemical preparation of monodisperse Pt nanoparticles on a grafted 4-aminothiophenol supporting layer for improving the MOR reaction
Authors: Hoang Nguyen Tien , Thuan Nguyen Pham Truong , Chung Pham Do , Thu Ha Vu Thi , Hung Tran Quang , Nam Pham Thi , Thu Vu Thi
Published: March 2022

Well-dispersed Pt nanoparticles for MOR reaction.
A flexible kinetic assay efficiently sorts prospective biocatalysts for PET plastic subunit hydrolysis
Authors: Lusty Beech Jessica , Clare Rita , Kincannon William M. , Erickson Erika , McGeehan John E. , Beckham Gregg T. , DuBois Jennifer L.
Published: March 2022

We have developed a colorimetric assay for the high throughput detection of enzymatic ester hydrolysis of PET plastic monomers, applied in a microplate format.
Sulfonium cations as versatile strongly π-acidic ligands
Authors: Li Ruiping , Barel Nitsan , Subramaniyan Vasudevan , Cohen Orit , Tibika Françoise , Tulchinsky Yuri
Published: March 2022

Back to the scene: while isolobal to the ubiquitous tertiary phosphines, sulfonium cations as ligands were neglected for decades. This work revives the coordination chemistry of these species showing their potential as ligands for π-acid catalysis.
Heterotelechelic homopolymers mimicking high χ – ultralow N block copolymers with sub-2 nm domain size
Authors: Hancox E. , Derry M. J. , Greenall M. J. , Huband S. , Al-Shok L. , Town J. S. , Topham P. D. , Haddleton D. M.
Published: March 2022

Three fluorinated, hydrophobic initiators have been used for the synthesis of low molecular mass fluoro-poly(acrylic acid) heterotelechelic homopolymers to mimic high chi (χ)–low N diblock copolymers with ultrafine domains of sub-2 nm length scale.
Chiral molecular nanosilicas
Authors: Zong Zhaohui , Hao Aiyou , Xing Pengyao , Zhao Yanli
Published: March 2022

A molecular folding strategy is developed to construct ferrocenyl diamino acid conjugated polyhedral oligosiloxane molecules. Hydrogen bonding-driven folding facilitates the chirality transfer from the molecular scale to the micrometer scale.
Theoretical insights into dual-atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: the crucial role of orbital polarization
Authors: Zou Wanjuan , Lu Ruihu , Liu Xiaolin , Xiao Gaofan , Liao Xiaobin , Wang Zhaoyang , Zhao Yan
Published: March 2022

The effect of the regulatory mechanism of coordination environments on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity of dual-atom catalysts (DACs) is studied by theoretical calculation. FeFeNC-4 is predicted to be a highly efficient ORR catalyst.
Hygroscopic photothermal beads from marine polysaccharides: demonstration of efficient atmospheric water production, indoor humidity control and photovoltaic panel cooling
Authors: He Jintao , Li Na , Wang Shuxue , Li Shuai , Wang Chuanfei , Yu Liangmin , Murto Petri , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: March 2022

A sorbent-based atmospheric water generator is developed via facile integration of marine polysaccharide, hygroscopic salt and photothermal polymer in a bead-like hollow structure, demonstrating promising energy-wise and sustainable applications.
First-row transition metal embedded pyrazine-based graphynes as high-performance single atom catalysts for the CO2reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Maohuai , Kong Lingyan , Lu Xiaoqing , Lawrence Wu Chi-Man
Published: March 2022

First-row transition metal embedded pyrazine-based graphynes (TM-pyGYs), especially Mn/Fe/Co/Ni-pyGYs are promising single atom catalysts for the CO2reduction reaction.
Liposomal cyanine dyes with enhanced nonradiative transition for the synergistic phototherapy of tumors
Authors: Wang Yuan , Liu Di , You Meng , Yang Hong , Ke Hengte
Published: March 2022

Liposomes encapsulating a cyanine dye Cypate, with enhanced nonradiative transition for the synergistic phototherapy of cancer.
Photocontrolled reversible modulation of lanthanide luminescence in mesoporous silica nanospheres by photochromic diarylethenes
Authors: Li Qing-Feng , Xia Hongjun , Li Erqing , Wang Jin-Tao , Wang Zhenling
Published: March 2022

The as-prepared SiO2@diarylethene/lanthanide complex hybrid material exhibits reversible luminescence switching behavior under alternating UV and visible light irradiation.
Investigation on energy resolution of CsPbBr3 detectors: from charge transport behavior to device configuration
Authors: Zhang Xin , Li Fangpei , Bai Ruichen , Sun Qihao , Hao Yingying , Xi Shouzhi , Zhu Menghua , Jiang Shuqing , Jie Wanqi , Xu Yadong
Published: March 2022

The calculations reveal the carrier transport of CsPbBr3 detectors to obtain optimal resolution, and furthermore a high energy resolution of 11.47% is obtained by tailoring the electrode structure.
Modulating electronic properties of dinitrosoarene polymers
Authors: Matasović Lujo , Panić Barbara , Bubaš Matej , Vančik Hrvoj , Biljan Ivana , Rončević Igor
Published: March 2022

How to modulate electronic and optical properties of organic semiconductor polymers? Using computational and experimental methods, we explore the effects of solid-state packing, adsorption, backbone torsion, and substituent effects.
Epigenetic regulation of human non-coding RNA gene transcription
Authors: Morselli Marco , Dieci Giorgio
Published: March 2022

Recent investigations on the non-protein-coding transcriptome of human cells have revealed previously hidden layers of gene regulation relying on regulatory non-protein-coding (nc) RNAs, including the widespread ncRNA-dependent regulation of epigenetic chromatin states and of mRNA translation and stability. However, despite its centrality, the epigenetic regulation of ncRNA genes has received relatively little attention. In this mini-review, we attempt to provide a synthetic account of recent literature suggesting an unexpected complexity in chromatin-dependent regulation of ncRNA gene transcription by the three human nuclear RNA polymerases. Emerging common features, like the heterogeneity of chromatin states within ncRNA multigene families and their influence on 3D genome organization, point to unexplored issues whose investigation could lead to a better understanding of the whole human epigenomic network.