bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Asymmetric Popularity-Similarity Optimization Method for Embedding Directed Networks into Hyperbolic Space
Authors: Wu Zongning , Di Zengru , Fan Ying
Published: April 2020

Network embedding is a frontier topic in current network science. The scale-free property of complex networks can emerge as a consequence of the exponential expansion of hyperbolic space. Some embedding models have recently been developed to explore hyperbolic geometric properties of complex networks—in particular, symmetric networks. Here, we propose a model for embedding directed networks into hyperbolic space. In accordance with the bipartite structure of directed networks and multiplex node information, the method replays the generation law of asymmetric networks in hyperbolic space, estimating the hyperbolic coordinates of each node in a directed network by the asymmetric popularity-similarity optimization method in the model. Additionally, the experiments in several real networks show that our embedding algorithm has stability and that the model enlarges the application scope of existing methods.
Mechanism and Rheological Properties of High‐Modulus Asphalt
Authors: Xu Xinquan , Lu Guilin , Yang Jun , Liu Xinhai
Published: April 2020

High‐modulus asphalt concrete (HMAC) is considered as an effective paving material for addressing the increasing heavy traffic and rutting problems. Therefore, one high‐modulus agent was used in this study to prepare high‐modulus asphalt binder with different dosages. The objective of this study is to investigate the performance and modification mechanism of high‐modulus asphalt. The effects of high‐modulus agent on the viscoelastic properties of asphalt with different dosages were quantified via rheological tests as compared to base binder and styrene‐butadiene‐styrene‐ (SBS‐) modified asphalt. Moreover, the modification mechanism of the high‐modulus agent was examined using fluorescence microscopy and infrared spectrum test. Based on rutting and dynamic modulus tests, the differences of road performances between high‐modulus modified asphalt mixture and SBS‐modified asphalt mixture were compared. The results demonstrate that the high‐modulus agent improves the high‐temperature performance and viscoelastic properties of the matrix asphalt. When the dosage increases to 6.67%, the modification effect is better than that of the SBS‐modified asphalt. Furthermore, the results of the rutting test show that the high‐modulus modified asphalt mixture has better resistance to deformation than the SBS‐modified asphalt mixture. The dynamic modulus test further demonstrates that the high‐modulus modified asphalt mixture exhibits superior performance in high‐temperature range. Fluorescence microscopy shows that the high‐modulus agent particles can swell in the asphalt to form polymer links that improve the viscoelastic properties of the asphalt. Based on the results of the infrared spectrum test, it can be concluded that a high‐modulus agent changes the asphalt matrix via physical blending modification.
Image Restoration Based on Gradual Reweighted Regularization and Low Rank prior
Authors: Wang Fengling
Published: April 2020

Digital restoration of image with missing data is a basic need for visual communication and industrial applications. In this paper, making full use of priors of low rank and nonlocal self-similarity a gradual reweighted regularization is proposed for matrix completion and image restoration. Sparsity-promoting regularization produces much sparser representation of grouped nonlocal similar blocks of image by solving a nonconvex minimization problem. Moreover, an alternation direction method of multipliers algorithm is developed to speed up iterative solving of the above problem. Image block classification further enhances the adaptivity of the proposed method. Experiments on simulated matrix and natural image show that the proposed method obtains better image restoration results, where most lost information is reorcovered and few artifacts are produced.
Genetic and Circulating Biomarker Data Improve Risk Prediction for Pancreatic Cancer in the General Population
Authors: Kim Jihye , Yuan Chen , Babic Ana , Bao Ying , Clish Clary B. , Pollak Michael N. , Amundadottir Laufey T. , Klein Alison P. , Stolzenberg-Solomon Rachael Z. , Pandharipande Pari V. , Brais Lauren K. , Welch Marisa W. , Ng Kimmie , Giovannucci Edward L. , Sesso Howard D. , Manson JoAnn E. , Stampfer Meir J. , Fuchs Charles S. , Wolpin Brian M. , Kraft Peter
Published: April 2020

Background:

Pancreatic cancer is the third leading cause of cancer death in the United States, and 80% of patients present with advanced, incurable disease. Risk markers for pancreatic cancer have been characterized, but combined models are not used clinically to identify individuals at high risk for the disease.

Methods:

Within a nested case–control study of 500 pancreatic cancer cases diagnosed after blood collection and 1,091 matched controls enrolled in four U.S. prospective cohorts, we characterized absolute risk models that included clinical factors (e.g., body mass index, history of diabetes), germline genetic polymorphisms, and circulating biomarkers.

Results:

Model discrimination showed an area under ROC curve of 0.62 via cross-validation. Our final integrated model identified 3.7% of men and 2.6% of women who had at least 3 times greater than average risk in the ensuing 10 years. Individuals within the top risk percentile had a 4% risk of developing pancreatic cancer by age 80 years and 2% 10-year risk at age 70 years.

Conclusions:

Risk models that include established clinical, genetic, and circulating factors improved disease discrimination over models using clinical factors alone.

Impact:

Absolute risk models for pancreatic cancer may help identify individuals in the general population appropriate for disease interception.
Cyclophilin A Inhibitor Debio-025 Targets Crk, Reduces Metastasis, and Induces Tumor Immunogenicity in Breast Cancer
Authors: Davra Viralkumar , Saleh Tamjeed , Geng Ke , Kimani Stanley , Mehta Dhriti , Kasikara Canan , Smith Brendan , Colangelo Nicholas W. , Ciccarelli Bryan , Li Hong , Azzam Edouard I. , Kalodimos Charalampos G. , Birge Raymond B. , Kumar Sushil
Published: April 2020

The Crk adaptor protein, a critical modifier of multiple signaling pathways, is overexpressed in many cancers where it contributes to tumor progression and metastasis. Recently, we have shown that Crk interacts with the peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase, Cyclophilin A (CypA; PP1A) via a G219P220Y221 (GPY) motif in the carboxyl-terminal linker region of Crk, thereby delaying pY221 phosphorylation and preventing downregulation of Crk signaling. Here, we investigate the physiologic significance of the CypA/Crk interaction and query whether CypA inhibition affects Crk signaling in vitro and in vivo. We show that CypA, when induced under conditions of hypoxia, regulates Crk pY221 phosphorylation and signaling in cancer cell lines. Using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, we show that CypA binds to the Crk GPY motif via the catalytic PPII domain of CypA, and small-molecule nonimmunosuppressive inhibitors of CypA (Debio-025) disrupt the CypA–CrkII interaction and restores phosphorylation of Crk Y221. In cultured cell lines, Debio-025 suppresses cell migration, and when administered in vivo in an orthotopic model of triple-negative breast cancer, Debio-025 showed antitumor efficacy either alone or in combination with anti-PD-1 mAb, reducing both tumor volume and metastatic lung dispersion. Furthermore, when analyzed by NanoString immune profiling, treatment of Debio-025 with anti-PD-1 mAb increased both T-cell signaling and innate immune signaling in tumor microenvironment.

Implications:

These data suggest that pharmacologic inhibition of CypA may provide a promising and unanticipated consequence in cancer biology, in part by targeting the CypA/CrkII axis that regulates cell migration, tumor metastasis, and host antitumor immune evasion.
Genetic Ablation of HLA Class I, Class II, and the T-cell Receptor Enables Allogeneic T Cells to Be Used for Adoptive T-cell Therapy
Authors: Kagoya Yuki , Guo Tingxi , Yeung Brian , Saso Kayoko , Anczurowski Mark , Wang Chung-Hsi , Murata Kenji , Sugata Kenji , Saijo Hiroshi , Matsunaga Yukiko , Ohashi Yota , Butler Marcus O. , Hirano Naoto
Published: April 2020

Adoptive immunotherapy can induce sustained therapeutic effects in some cancers. Antitumor T-cell grafts are often individually prepared in vitro from autologous T cells, which requires an intensive workload and increased costs. The quality of the generated T cells can also be variable, which affects the therapy's antitumor efficacy and toxicity. Standardized production of antitumor T-cell grafts from third-party donors will enable widespread use of this modality if allogeneic T-cell responses are effectively controlled. Here, we generated HLA class I, HLA class II, and T-cell receptor (TCR) triple-knockout (tKO) T cells by simultaneous knockout of the B2M, CIITA, and TRAC genes through Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein electroporation. Although HLA-deficient T cells were targeted by natural killer cells, they persisted better than HLA-sufficient T cells in the presence of allogeneic peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in immunodeficient mice. When transduced with a CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) and stimulated by tumor cells, tKO CAR-T cells persisted better when cultured with allogeneic PBMCs compared with TRAC and B2M double-knockout T cells. The CD19 tKO CAR-T cells did not induce graft-versus-host disease but retained antitumor responses. These results demonstrated the benefit of HLA class I, HLA class II, and TCR deletion in enabling allogeneic-sourced T cells to be used for off-the-shelf adoptive immunotherapy.
Mammalian SWI/SNF Complex Genomic Alterations and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Solid Tumors
Authors: Abou Alaiwi Sarah , Nassar Amin H. , Xie Wanling , Bakouny Ziad , Berchuck Jacob E. , Braun David A. , Baca Sylvan C. , Nuzzo Pier Vitale , Flippot Ronan , Mouhieddine Tarek H. , Spurr Liam F. , Li Yvonne Y. , Li Taiwen , Flaifel Abdallah , Steinharter John A. , Margolis Claire A. , Vokes Natalie I. , Du Heng , Shukla Sachet A. , Cherniack Andrew D. , Sonpavde Guru , Haddad Robert I. , Awad Mark M. , Giannakis Marios , Hodi F. Stephen , Liu X. Shirley , Signoretti Sabina , Kadoch Cigall , Freedman Matthew L. , Kwiatkowski David J. , Van Allen Eliezer M. , Choueiri Toni K.
Published: April 2020

Prior data have variably implicated the inactivation of the mammalian SWItch/Sucrose Non-Fermentable (mSWI/SNF) complex with increased tumor sensitivity to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Herein, we examined the association between mSWI/SNF variants and clinical outcomes to ICIs. We correlated somatic loss-of-function (LOF) variants in a predefined set of mSWI/SNF genes (ARID1A, ARID1B, SMARCA4, SMARCB1, PBRM1, and ARID2) with clinical outcomes in patients with cancer treated with systemic ICIs. We identified 676 patients from Dana-Farber Cancer Institute (DFCI, Boston, MA) and 848 patients from a publicly available database from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC, New York, NY) who met the inclusion criteria. Multivariable analyses were conducted and adjusted for available baseline factors and tumor mutational burden. Median follow-up was 19.6 (17.6–22.0) months and 28.0 (25.0–29.0) months for the DFCI and MSKCC cohorts, respectively. Seven solid tumor subtypes were examined. In the DFCI cohort, LOF variants of mSWI/SNF did not predict improved overall survival (OS), time-to-treatment failure (TTF), or disease control rate. Only patients with renal cell carcinoma with mSWI/SNF LOF showed significantly improved OS and TTF with adjusted HRs (95% confidence interval) of 0.33 (0.16–0.7) and 0.49 (0.27–0.88), respectively, and this was mostly driven by PRBM1. In the MSKCC cohort, where only OS was captured, LOF mSWI/SNF did not correlate with improved outcomes across any tumor subtype. We did not find a consistent association between mSWI/SNF LOF variants and improved clinical outcomes to ICIs, suggesting that mSWI/SNF variants should not be considered as biomarkers of response to ICIs.
Piezoelectric or Conventional Osteotomy in Rhinoplasty? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Tsikopoulos Alexios , Tsikopoulos Konstantinos , Doxani Chrysoula , Vagdatli Eleni , Meroni Gabriele , Skoulakis Charalambos , Stefanidis Ioannis , Zintzaras Elias
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Osteotomy of nasal bones in rhinoplasty is associated with postsurgical morbidities. Recent evidence has suggested that a surgical method applying piezoelectric ultrasound waves for nasal osteotomies in rhinoplasty reduces soft tissue damage and causes less postsurgical morbidities compared to conventional methods. The purpose of this study is to compare clinical outcomes of piezoelectric and conventional lateral nasal osteotomies in rhinoplasty. Methods: We searched PubMed, CENTRAL, and Web of Science up to 17 August 2019 for studies comparing postoperative outcomes of piezoelectric and conventional lateral osteotomies in rhinoplasty. We included studies comparing results of patients subjected to piezoelectric or conventional lateral nasal osteotomies in rhinoplasty. For outcomes, we considered postoperative pain, eyelid edema, periorbital ecchymosis, and intraoperative mucosal injury. Results: For eyelid edema, a statistically significant difference in favor of piezoelectric osteotomy was documented within the first 3 postoperative days (standardized mean difference [SMD] = –0.65; 95% CI = –1.18, –0.12, p = 0.02; I2 = 69%) and on postoperative day 7 (SMD = –0.69; 95% CI = –1.47, –0.09; p = 0.08; I2 = 85%). This was also the case for periorbital ecchymosis within the first 3 postoperative days (SMD = –0.85; 95% CI = –1.42, –0.28; p = 0.004; I2 = 72%) and on postoperative day 7 (SMD = –0.52; 95% CI = –0.79, –0.24; p = 0.0003; I2 = 71%). Intraoperative mucosal injury (OR = 0.06; 95% CI = 0.01, 0.53; p = 0.01; Ι2 = 0%) and postoperative pain (SMD = –0.99; 95% CI = –1.78, –0.11; p = 0.01; I2 = 49%) were also statistically lower during piezoelectric osteotomies. Conclusions: This study shows that lateral piezoelectric osteotomy in rhinoplasty decreases postoperative pain, edema, ecchymosis, and intraoperative mucosa injuries compared to the conventional osteotomy technique with a chisel. Piezoelectric osteotomies are especially associated with less postoperative edema and ecchymosis in osteotomies not executed under direct vision.
Laparoscopic Splenectomy in a Patient with Sclerosing Angiomatoid Nodular Transformation
Authors: Kusano Toru , Ryu Chusei , Matsuo Toshikazu , Hayashi Hiroko
Published: April 2020

Sclerosing angiomatoid nodular transformation (SANT) of the spleen is a specific, tumor-forming, non-neoplastic, vascular lesion with few reported cases worldwide. Herein, we describe the case of a patient who underwent laparoscopic splenectomy for SANT. A 47-year-old woman underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy for suspected gastric submucosal tumor. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography revealed the presence of a gradually enhancing lesion in the splenic hilum. Although we suspected splenic fibrotic hamartoma, malignancy could not be ruled out. Therefore, the patient underwent laparoscopic splenectomy, resulting in the histopathological diagnosis of SANT. Although SANT is a benign tumor, it may be difficult to obtain definitive diagnosis using preoperative imaging alone. Because the long-term natural history of SANT is unknown, we believe that splenectomy could be an appropriate technique for the diagnosis and treatment of SANT.
Endostatin Is an Independent Risk Factor of Graft Loss after Kidney Transplant
Authors: Chu Chang , Hasan Ahmed A. , Gaballa Mohamed M.S. , Zeng Shufei , Xiong Yingquan , Elitok Saban , Krämer Bernhard K. , Hocher Berthold
Published: April 2020

Background: Endostatin is a 20-kDa C-terminal fragment of collagen XVIII, known for its ability to inhibit the proliferation of capillary endothelial cells. Previous studies suggested that circulating endostatin independently predicts incident chronic kidney disease. However, the impact of endostatin on graft loss level in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) remains unknown. Methods: We conducted a prospective observational cohort study in 574 maintenance KTRs. Patients were followed for kidney graft loss and all-cause mortality during a median follow-up of 48 months. Serum-, and urine-samples and clinical data were collected at baseline. Serum Endostatin concentration was analyzed by an ELISA. Results: Among 574 patients, 37 patients had graft loss and 62 patients died. For graft loss, the optimal cut-off value based on receiver operating characteristics analysis (area under the curve 0.79, 95% CI 0.71–0.86, p < 0.001) of endostatin was 147.3 pmol/L. Kaplan-Meier curves revealed that higher serum endostatin concentrations positively correlated with graft loss (p < 0.001). Multivariable Cox regression analyses showed that baseline endostatin concentrations were significantly associated with graft loss after adjusting for graft loss risk factors (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 8.34; 95% CI 2.19–31.72; p = 0.002). The adjusted HRs for classical graft loss risk factors such as baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate and urinary protein excretion were lower (1.91 and 5.44, respectively). In contrast to graft loss, baseline endostatin concentrations were not associated with all-cause mortality. Conclusion: Increased serum endostatin at baseline is independently associated with the risk of graft loss in KTRs.
Sorting Nexin 10 Mediates Metabolic Reprogramming of Macrophages in Atherosclerosis Through the Lyn-Dependent TFEB Signaling Pathway
Authors: You Yan , Bao Wei-Lian , Zhang Su-Lin , Li Hai-Dong , Li Hui , Dang Wen-Zhen , Zou Si-Li , Cao Xin-Yue , Wang Xu , Liu Li-Xin , Jiang Hualiang , Qu Le-Feng , Zheng Mingyue , Shen Xiaoyan
Published: April 2020

Rationale:

SNX10 (sorting nexin 10) has been reported to play a critical role in regulating macrophage function and lipid metabolism.

Objective:

To investigate the precise role of SNX10 in atherosclerotic diseases and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods and Results:

SNX10 expression was compared between human healthy vessels and carotid atherosclerotic plaques. Myeloid cell-specific SNX10 knockdown mice were crossed onto the APOE
−/−
(apolipoprotein E) background and atherogenesis (high-cholesterol diet-induced) was monitored for 16 weeks. We found that SNX10 expression was increased in atherosclerotic lesions of aortic specimens from humans and APOE
−/−
mice. Myeloid cell-specific SNX10 deficiency (Δ knockout [KO]) attenuated atherosclerosis progression in APOE
−/−
mice. The population of anti-inflammatory monocytes/macrophages was increased in the peripheral blood and atherosclerotic lesions of ΔKO mice. In vitro experiments showed that SNX10 deficiency-inhibited foam cell formation through interrupting the internalization of CD36, which requires the interaction of SNX10 and Lyn-AKT (protein kinase B). The reduced Lyn-AKT activation by SNX10 deficiency promoted the nuclear translocation of TFEB (transcription factor EB), thereby enhanced lysosomal biogenesis and LAL (lysosomal acid lipase) activity, resulting in an increase of free fatty acids to fuel mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation. This further promoted the reprogramming of macrophages and shifted toward the anti-inflammatory phenotype.

Conclusions:

Our data demonstrate for the first time that SNX10 plays a crucial role in diet-induced atherogenesis via the previously unknown link between the Lyn-Akt-TFEB signaling pathway and macrophage reprogramming, suggest that SNX10 may be a potentially promising therapeutic target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Chronic Disease Burden After Congenital Heart Surgery: A 47‐Year Population‐Based Study With 99% Follow‐Up
Authors: Raissadati Alireza , Haukka Jari , Pätilä Tommi , Nieminen Heta , Jokinen Eero
Published: April 2020

Background

Postoperative morbidity is an increasingly important outcome measure of patients who have undergone congenital heart surgery (
CHS
). We examined late postoperative morbidity after
CHS
on the basis of patients’ government‐issued medical special reimbursement rights.

Methods and Results

Between 1953 and 2009, 10 635 patients underwent
CHS
at <15 years of age in Finland. We excluded early deaths and mental disabilities. Noncyanotic and cyanotic defects were divided into simple and severe groups, respectively. We obtained 4 age‐, sex‐, birth time–, and hospital district–matched control subjects per patient. The Social Insurance Institution of Finland provided data on all medical special reimbursement rights granted between 1966 and 2012. Follow‐up started at the first operation and ended at death, date of emigration, or December 31, 2012. A total of 8623 patients met inclusion criteria. Follow‐up was 99.9%. A total of 3750 patients (43%) required special reimbursements rights for a chronic disease. Cardiovascular disease was the most common late morbidity among patients (28%), followed by obstructive pulmonary disease (9%), neurologic disease (3%), and psychiatric disease (2%). Heart failure (simple hazard ratio [HR], 56.3 [95%
CI,
35.4–89.7]; severe HR, 918.0 [95% CI, 228.9–3681.7]) and arrhythmia (simple HR, 11.0 [95% CI, 7.1–17.0]; severe HR, 248.0 [95% CI, 61.3–1002.7]) were the most common cardiovascular morbidities. Hypertension was common among patients with coarctation of the aorta (13%; incidence risk ratio [RR], 8.9; 95%
CI,
7.5–10.7). Psychiatric disease was more common among simple defects, particularly ventricular septal defects.

Conclusions

Chronic cardiac and noncardiac sequelae are common after
CHS
regardless of the severity of the defect, underscoring the importance of long‐term follow‐up of all patients after
CHS
.
The Case of the Cognitive (Opti)miser: Electrophysiological Correlates of Working Memory Maintenance Predict Demand Avoidance
Authors: Nador Jeffrey , Harel Assaf , Juvina Ion , Minnery Brandon
Published: April 2020

People are often considered cognitive misers. When given a free choice between two tasks, people tend to choose tasks requiring less cognitive effort. Such demand avoidance (DA) is associated with cognitive control, but it is still not clear to what extent individual differences in cognitive control can account for variations in DA. We sought to elucidate the relation between cognitive control and cognitive effort preferences by investigating the extent to which sustained neural activity in a task requiring cognitive control is correlated with DA. We hypothesized that neural measures of efficient filtering will predict individual variations in demand preferences. To test this hypothesis, we had participants perform a delayed-match-to-sample paradigm with their ERPs recorded, as well as a separate behavioral demand-selection task. We focused on the ERP correlates of cognitive filtering efficiency (CFE)—the ability to ignore task-irrelevant distractors during working memory maintenance—as it manifests in a modulation of the contralateral delay activity, an ERP correlate of cognitive control. As predicted, we found a significant positive correlation between CFE and DA. Individuals with high CFE tended to be significantly more demand avoidant than their low-CFE counterparts. Low-CFE individuals, in comparison, did not form distinct cognitive effort preferences. Overall, our results suggest that cognitive control over the contents of visual working memory contribute to individual differences in the expression of cognitive effort preferences. This further implies that these observed preferences are the product of sensitivity to cognitive task demands.
Familiarity and Audience Effects on Giving: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study
Authors: van de Groep Suzanne , Zanolie Kiki , Crone Eveline A.
Published: April 2020

Giving is often characterized by the conflicting decision to give up something of value to benefit others. Recent evidence indicated that giving is highly context-dependent. To unravel the neural correlates of social context, in this study, young adults (n = 32) performed a novel giving fMRI paradigm, in which they divided coins between self and known (friends) or unknown (unfamiliar) others. A second manipulation included presence of others; giving decisions were made with an audience or anonymously. Results showed that participants gave more coins to a friend than to an unfamiliar other and generally gave more in the presence of an audience. On a neural level, medial prefrontal cortex and the right insula were most active for relatively generous decisions. These findings possibly reflect that aversion of norm deviation or fairness concerns drive differences in the frequency of giving. Next, activation in separate subregions of the TPJ-IPL (i.e., a region that comprises the TPJ and inferior parietal lobule) was found for target and audience contexts. Overall, our findings suggest that donation size and social contextual information are processed in separable brain regions and that TPJ-IPL plays an important role in balancing self- and other-oriented motives related to the social context.
Paper Currency, Banking, and Islamic Monetary Debates in Late Ottoman and Early Saudi Arabia
Authors: O’Sullivan Michael
Published: April 2020

This article examines the Saudi government’s refusal to introduce paper currency until 1956 against the backdrop of two developments: First, the composition of a number of treatises written by Muslim scholars in the late Ottoman and early Saudi Hijaz and Najd permitting use of the medium; second, the unsuccessful effort by several Muslim entrepreneurs to create formal banking facilities in the Hijaz between the 1920s and 1950s. Throughout these decades, as the Saudi regime repeatedly claimed that paper currency violated Islamic orthodoxy because it was a bearer of interest, these scholars argued forcefully for the medium’s legitimacy by mobilizing the legal sources of their particular school of law (madhhab). This contrast reflects how the religious politics of the kingdom departed from both Ottoman precedents and other contemporary Islamic contexts in which paper currency was widely assimilated via the assent of Muslim legal scholars. The regime’s tepid support for, or outright obstruction of, the creation of formal banking facilities that issued paper currency further exacerbated this divergence. In the end, because of such inconsistency it required technocratic institutions like the IMF and ARAMCO to introduce paper currency and a formal banking system into the kingdom from the mid-1950s.
Who Owns Religion? Intersectionality, Identity Politics, and Cultural Appropriation in Postglobal Buddhism
Authors: Borup Jørn
Published: April 2020

While historically sharing the characteristics of a universalistic religion and a modernist grand narrative, global Buddhism is mainly the product of a late modern development. Centripetal forces with circulating ideas, practices, and institutions have been part of a liberal market in an open exchange society with “open hermeneutics” and an accessible universal grammar. Its global focus has triggered de-ethnification, de-culturalization, and de-territorialization, claiming transnational universality as a central paradigm fit for a global world beyond isolationalist particularism. However, such seemingly universalist versions of a global Buddhism in recent years, mainly in North America, have been criticized for actually being representations of particular cultures (e.g., “white Buddhism”) with benefits for only particular segments. This article investigates the discourses of this new turn, involving questions of authority, authenticity, identity, cultural appropriation, and representation. It is suggested that criticism of global Buddhism should be seen as typical of what could be called “postglobal Buddhism,” in which identity politics is a frame of reference serving as a centrifugal force, signaling a new phase in “Western Buddhism.” The relevance for the study of religion is further discussed with reflections on how to respond to post-global religious identity politics without being consumed by either stark objectivism or subjectivist go-nativism.
Jacob Böhmes Lehre von den sieben Quellgeistern in der Morgen Röte im auffgang (1612)
Authors: Andersson Bo
Published: April 2020

The doctrine of the seven source-spirits is a central element in Jacob Böhme’s thought. His first book, Morgen Röte im auffgang (1612), contains a detailed discussion of the origin, development, and the function(s) of the source-spirits as the foundation of all reality. In this article, the author uses concepts from Aristotle’s Politics to explore how Böhme utilizes ideas of political organization to describe how reality developed in stages from original harmony to the discord of this world.
Jacob Böhme and the Spiritualist Reformation of Gender
Authors: Martin Lucinda
Published: April 2020

The article traces the influence of Jacob Böhme’s concept of “Sophia,” a female element in the godhead, from 1600 into the eighteenth century. Based on Böhme’s concept, different groups within the dissenting milieu offered competing plans for the organization of society. To overcome gender difference, some implemented sexual-religious rituals, while others promoted celibacy. The previously unresearched correspondence of Anna Magdalena Francke with the “Angelic Brethren” reveals that such ideas were not limited to a radical fringe, but reached into the heart of the powerful Franckesche Stiftungen.
Zwei Himmel – zwei Körper
Authors: Pfister Kathrin
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on Paracelsus as an astrologer and the development of his cosmology in his intra-vitam publications. Paracelsus seems to have used his astrological writings as a testing ground to present his heterodoxical concept of the two heavens and two bodies to the public. The article also traces the reappearance of these ideas in practicas and calendars in the 17th century.
When the Analogy Breaks
Authors: De Ridder Bram
Published: April 2020

Between 1 January and 13 March 2020, Flemish media gradually increased their attention to the new Corona virus and the associated COVID-19 disease. This coverage included a lot of attention to the past, as history offered many opportunities for explaining the emerging crisis. In order to better understand this relation between history and news, this article analyses the virus-related coverage of three Flemish media outlets and the historical references included in it. The research shows that, in some media, history was included in up to 65 % of the news articles concerning Corona, with the SARS-epidemic of 2002–2003 being the dominant point of reference. However, as time progressed it became obvious that this reliance on SARS led to an understandable, yet highly unfortunate mistake, forcing the three media to diversify their historical references. As such, the consequences of the recent comparisons between SARS and COVID-19 offer a warning for using the past in the next stages of the crisis.
A new distribution record of Albunea groeningi (Crustacea: Anomura: Decapoda: Albuneidae) from the Digha Coast, West Bengal, India
Authors: KUMAR J. S. YOGESH , BOYKO CHRISTOPHER B. , ARUN G. , GEETHA S. , RAGHUNATHAN C.
Published: April 2020

Members of the genus Albunea Weber, 1795 (family Albuneidae) are commonly known as sand crabs. Albuneidae contains 59 species belonging to 13 genera (Boyko & McLaughlin 2010; WoRMS 2019), of which four genera and nine species are known only as fossils. Most species are relatively uncommon and adapted to living in sandy habitats (Boyko & Harvey 1999). Among the 24 species of Albunea, four are known only as fossils (WoRMS 2019). The diversity and distributions of most albuneids were reported by Boyko (2002, 2010).
Interesting new Chinese species of Leptoceridae and Odontoceridae (Insecta: Trichoptera) from several recent collecting efforts
Authors: YANG LIAN-FANG , HU BEN-JIN , MORSE JOHN C.
Published: April 2020

In contravention of Article 16.4.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature 1999), the repository for the holotypes of these species was not mentioned by Yang et al. (2020), such that the names proposed for these species are presently nomina nuda.
Impact of Urbanization on the Simulation of Extreme Rainfall in the City of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Luong Thang M. , Dasari Hari P. , Hoteit Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

The city of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, is characterized by a hot and arid desert climate. On occasion, however, extreme precipitation events have led to flooding that caused extensive damage to human life and infrastructure. This study investigates the effect of incorporating an urban canopy model and urban land cover when simulating severe weather events over Jeddah using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model at a convective-permitting scale (1.5-km resolution). Two experiments were conducted for 10 heavy rainfall events associated with the dominant large-scale patterns favoring convection over Jeddah: (i) an “urban” experiment that included the urban canopy model and modern-day land cover and (ii) a “desert” experiment that replaced the city area with its presettlement, natural land cover. The results suggest that urbanization plays an important role in modifying rainfall around city area. The urban experiment enhances the amount of rainfall by 26% on average over the Jeddah city area relative to the desert experiment in these extreme events. The changes in model-simulated precipitation are primarily tied to a nocturnal heat-island effect that modifies the planetary boundary layer and atmospheric instability of the convective events.
North Atlantic Multidecadal Variability Enhancing Decadal Extratropical Extremes in Boreal Late Summer in the Early Twenty-First Century
Authors: Zhang Jie , Chen Zhiheng , Chen Haishan , Ma Qianrong , Teshome Asaminew
Published: April 2020

In the beginning of the twenty-first century, weather and climate extremes occurred more and more in extratropical summer, linked to the magnified amplitudes of quasi-stationary waves and external forcing. The study analyzes the relations between multidecadal extratropical extremes in boreal late summer and the North Atlantic (NA; 35°–65°N, 40°W–0°) multidecadal variability (NAMV) in the mid- to high latitudes. The results show that multidecadal extratropical extremes link with the intensified NAMV and the related positive–negative–positive (+ − +) zonal mode of sea surface temperature (SST). 1) The SST mode favors the eastward shift of the negative-phase NA oscillation (NNAO), with a latitudinal pattern of cyclone anomalies over the western European coast and anticyclones over Greenland; NNAO is helpful to baroclinic energy transfer and a longitudinal wavelike pattern. 2) The SST mode and the eddy-driven jet of NNAO are conducive to a southeast extension of the NA jet in close conjunction with the Afro-Asian jet, thereby enhancing the jet waveguide and barotropic energy transfer for the maintenance of a low-frequency wave. 3) The effect of the intensified NAMV on warming Europe contributes to the longitudinal temperature gradient–like “cooling ocean and warming land” pattern, which enhances the meridional wind and wave amplitude of the low-frequency wave. Based on these causes, the intensified NAMV and the + − + SST mode favor the enhancement of the low-frequency wave and quasi-resonant probability, which magnifies the amplitude of the quasi-stationary wave and enhances extratropical extremes on the decadal time scale.
Surging of Global Surface Temperature due to Decadal Legacy of Ocean Heat Uptake
Authors: Sinha Bablu , Sévellec Florian , Robson Jon , Nurser A. J. George
Published: April 2020

Global surface warming since 1850 has consisted of a series of slowdowns (hiatus) followed by surges. Knowledge of a mechanism to explain how this occurs would aid development and testing of interannual to decadal climate forecasts. In this paper a global climate model is forced to adopt an ocean state corresponding to a hiatus [with negative interdecadal Pacific oscillation (IPO) and other surface features typical of a hiatus] by artificially increasing the background diffusivity for a decade before restoring it to its normal value and allowing the model to evolve freely. This causes the model to develop a decadal surge that overshoots equilibrium (resulting in a positive IPO state), leaving behind a modified, warmer climate for decades. Water-mass transformation diagnostics indicate that the heat budget of the tropical Pacific Ocean is a balance between large opposite-signed terms: surface heating/cooling resulting from air–sea heat flux is balanced by vertical mixing and ocean heat transport divergence. During the artificial hiatus, excess heat becomes trapped just above the thermocline and there is a weak vertical thermal gradient (due to the high artificial background mixing). When the hiatus is terminated, by returning the background diffusivity to normal, the thermal gradient strengthens to prehiatus values so that the mixing (diffusivity × thermal gradient) remains roughly constant. However, since the base layer just above the thermocline remains anomalously warm, this implies a warming of the entire water column above the trapped heat, which results in a surge followed by a prolonged period of elevated surface temperatures.
Temperature Forecast Accuracies of Polish Proverbs
Authors: Matczak Piotr , Graczyk Dariusz , Choryński Adam , Pińskwar Iwona , Takacs Viktoria
Published: April 2020

Proverbs are a part of traditional knowledge that has been increasingly acknowledged to be a valuable source of information for environmental policies. Proverbs on weather convey the cumulated experience of generations that provide guidelines for agricultural practices, everyday decisions, and other situations. Besides the value the proverbs have in their cultural setting, they also serve as an indicator of objective meteorological patterns. This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of the Polish temperature-related proverbs. From the collected corpus of more than 2000 Polish proverbs, 28 were related to temperature and provided concrete predictions and so were selected for further analysis. The proverbs were tested on the basis of temperature (minimum, maximum, and mean) data from 20 weather stations, located in Poland and the neighboring countries, for the period of 1951–2012. Harbingers and forecasts were identified and coded as 0 or 1. Proverb accuracies were then compared using Heidke skill scores and proportions of fulfilled proverbs. The proverbs’ spatial and temporal contingencies were tested via generalized linear mixed models. Some proverbs provided a high proportion (up to 79%) of fulfilled proverbs. Furthermore, the accuracy of the proverbs was reversely proportional to chronological date (decreased with time), with values increasing toward the east and north directions of station locations. The observed changes in proverb accuracies may be attributed to the shift of Polish borders following the Second World War and the respective migration of the population.
Use of Noncontact Infrared Skin Thermometer for Peripheral Arterial Disease Screening in Patients With and Without Diabetes
Authors: Hayashi Akinori , Shichiri Masayoshi
Published: April 2020

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) poses a threat of limb amputation and cardiovascular events. However, PAD diagnostic procedure requiring time, cost, and technical skills preclude its application as a screening test in the general population. Although PAD tends to be associated with lower foot skin temperature, none has yet to appreciate its usefulness for diagnosis/screening. We measured foot skin temperatures at the first and fifth metatarsal head and heel areas using noncontact infrared thermometer at the time of ankle brachial pressure index (ABI) measurement and limb arterial ultrasonography in 176 patients (345 legs) in participants. Foot skin temperatures correlated with ABI and showed distinctly lower levels in legs with ultrasound-confirmed arterial stenosis/occlusion and in those with ABI ≤0.90. Receiver operating characteristics analyses revealed that the lowest temperature value of the 3-foot locations had a higher sensitivity than every single location in detecting lower extremity PAD. Diagnostic efficiency for the ABI cutoff of 0.90 showed sensitivity/specificity of 41%/94%, while that for the lowest skin temperature cutoff of 30.8°C showed sensitivity/specificity of 60%/64%. In conclusion, an accurate skin temperature measurement using noncontact handheld infrared skin thermometer could serve as a new, cost-effective screening strategy for earlier diagnosis of PAD.
Graphene Oxide Enables the Reosteogenesis of Previously Contaminated Titanium In Vitro
Authors: Qin W. , Wang C. , Jiang C. , Sun J. , Yu C. , Jiao T.
Published: April 2020

The main goal of peri-implantitis treatment is to control infection and arrest bone loss, which requires the removal of polymicrobial biofilms on the implant surface and the reduction of tissue invasion. Additionally, prognosis can be improved if reosseointegration occurs on previously contaminated implants. To evaluate whether graphene oxide (GO) can remove polymicrobial biofilms, biofilms were established on titanium surfaces in vitro and treated with different methods: group B, removed only with brushing; group G, treated with different GO concentrations (64, 128, 256, and 512 μg/mL); group GB, combined treatments of groups B and G; and group C, untreated. Subsequently, to evaluate reosteogenesis on previously contaminated titanium, 4 groups were used: groups C, B, GB-256, and GB-512 (treated with 256 and 512 μg/mL of GO, respectively). Intact clean titanium (IC) was used as a control. Additionally, cell behavior on IC treated with GB-256 (IGB-256) and GB-512 (IGB-512) was compared with that of the GB-256 and GB-512 groups, respectively. The results showed that at high concentrations (≥256 μg/mL), GO eliminated residual bacteria and inhibited biofilm reformation after brushing, whereas neither GO nor brushing alone could achieve this. Bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell viability in groups GB-256 and IC was higher than that in groups GB-512, C, and B ( P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between group GB-256 and group IC ( P > 0.05). Osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cells in group GB-256 was higher than that in groups IC, GB-512, C, and B. No difference was found between groups IGB-256 and IGB-512 and groups GB-256 and GB-512, respectively ( P > 0.05). In conclusion, 256 μg/mL of GO combined with brushing significantly removed polymicrobial biofilms that remained on the previously contaminated titanium surfaces. The bone marrow–derived mesenchymal stem cell osteogenic potential was regained or even enhanced on the titanium surfaces treated this way in vitro, which might provide a new idea for treating peri-implantitis.
Becoming Clinically Grounded Teacher Educators: Inquiry Communities in Clinical Teacher Preparation
Authors: Wolkenhauer Rachel , Hooser Angela
Published: April 2020

Calls for the renewal of teacher preparation through clinical practice have left many novice teacher educators to learn on the job. This article reports on the research of two such novices, studying their own practice. Addressing the need to better understand the approaches teacher educators take to clinically grounding their work, the authors used a hermeneutic approach to naturalistic inquiry to study their use of an inquiry community framework in a teacher preparation clinical setting. The authors found that within an arc of practitioner inquiry, explicitly teaching guided reflection and professional dialoguing skills within an inquiry community were key teacher educator practices. They found that an inquiry community approach holds promise as a structure and space for teacher educators to advance teacher preparation toward clinical practice.
How Identity Conflict and Identity Synergy Influence Innovative Performance of Employees With Multiple Team Membership
Authors: Chen Hui , Jiao Jie , Yang Ning , Wang Xiao-Hua (Frank)
Published: April 2020

Multiple team membership refers to the extent to which team members are engaged in more than one team and switch between different teams. In order to reduce cost and improve efficiency, many organizations or work units allow their employees to work in different teams simultaneously. The purpose of this study is to examine how identity conflict and identity synergy of employees with multiple team membership may influence their innovative performance. Survey data were collected from 149 Chinese employees with multiple team membership. Hierarchical regression was used to test the hypotheses. The results show that identity synergy of employees with multiple team membership has a positive influence on innovative performance, and that self-reflection partially mediates this positive effect. Identity conflict of employees with multiple team membership has a negative impact on innovative performance, and self-reflection partially mediates this negative effect. This study stresses the importance of providing identity synergy and reducing identity conflict to increase the innovative performance of employees with multiple team membership.
The Shift to Gamification in Education: A Review on Dominant Issues
Authors: Ofosu-Ampong Kingsley
Published: April 2020

This article examines gamification literature on education since 2011. Using highlighted themes from Kirriemuir and McFarlane’s review on games and education as a starting point, the study identified 32 published papers. Furthermore, the study evaluated and identified previous conceptual and methodological approaches for evaluating gamification in education research. Using the identifying themes, the study discusses the development and use of gamification in education (Theme I), the application of gamification in education (Theme II), and the impact of gamification in education (Theme III) and propose that there is increased gamification and game elements research activities bridging the idea of gamified information systems in education and offering interesting opportunities for future research. The study concludes with future research directions for gamification in education.
The Relation of Allergy to Eustachian Tube Dysfunction and the Subsequent Need for Insertion of Pressure Equalization Tubes
Authors: Hurst David S. , Denne Carter M.
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

The most basic question to be answered in each case in which the choice of using a pressure equalization tube (PET) is being considered is: “what is the underlying pathophysiology of the middle ear disease being addressed?”

Methods:

We will evaluate the hypothesis that the Eustachian Tube (ET) may become “dysfunctional” due to allergic mucosal edema and obstruction. We review the literature that evaluates the role of ET, the proposed affect that allergy may contribute to ET dysfunction (ETD), and the relation of allergic rhinitis to otitis.

Results:

Proof that allergy affects the middle ear was supported by (1) over a dozen investigators using objective immunotherapy demonstrating over the past 70 years that 72% to 100% of the children with otitis media with effusion (OME) are atopic, (2) an association of allergic Th2 immune-mediated histochemical reactivity within the target organ itself, (3) establishment that inflammation within the middle ear is truly allergic in nature, and (4) direct evidence of a dose–response curve and consistency of results, which confirm that OME resolves on allergy immunotherapy.

Conclusion:

Current medical evidence should heighten the awareness of physicians of the physiology that underlies ETD. The evidence supports the link between allergy and OME. The middle ear behaves like the rest of the respiratory tract, and what has been learned about the atopic response in the sinuses and lungs may be applied to the study of the immunologic mechanisms within the middle ear that lead to ETD requiring the use of PET.