bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A TEMPORALIDADE MESSIÂNICA DE TRAMA (ANTONIO DIAS, 1977)
Authors: Motta Gustavo
Published: September 2020

Trama, de Antonio Dias, é uma coleção de xilogravuras, exposta, aludindo à série The Illustration of Art (1972-77), como um painel semi-retangular que se apresenta em lapso. As estampas expõem estruturas gráficas retomadas às pinturas “diagramadas” realizadas pelo artista entre 1968-71. Em cada estampa há diferentes proposições escritas, formando uma série de “plantas baixas”, propositoras de “monumentos” geométricos – calcados na participatividade da arte ambiental de H. Oiticica, e… impossíveis de serem realizados. Proposições de ação futura ou descrições do espaço experimentado? Ao contrapor materiais históricos do debate artístico brasileiro (fragmentos da geometria desenvolvimentista e da “participação do espectador” da resistência cultural de 1964-69), Trama opera uma aglutinação de tempo histórico, que implica uma nova temporalidade recheada daquele “tempo-de-agora” descrito por W.Benjamin: o tempo aberto para as possibilidades infinitas que promete a revolução social.
Possíveis Leituras de Extensões da Arte nas Ilustrações de Livros: a Pós-Produção nas Imagens de Rébecca Dautremer
Authors:   Professora do Departamento de Design da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina/UDESC., Zimmermann Anelise
Published: September 2020

Nesse artigo é apresentada uma proposta de leitura de imagens a partir do livro ilustrado associada à leitura de manifestações artísticas, com foco na formação visual na escola. É tomado como instrumento de leitura o modelo desenvolvido por Ramalho e Oliveira (2005). Este modelo parte da Semiótica Greimasiana e baseia-se na desconstrução e reelaboração das imagens e na exploração de suas significações. Como forma de experimentação desta proposta é apresentado um breve exercício de leitura de ilustrações do livro Diario Segreto di Pollicino (2010), de Rébecca Dautremer, relacionadas à perspectiva da Arte na Pós-Produção segundo características levantadas por Bourriaud (2009).
Intervenção artístico-performática em praça pública de Florianópolis: um estímulo para a amabilidade urbana
Authors: Bussi Luize Andreazza , Nishimura Maicon Douglas Livramento , Villela Mariana Silva , Santos Rodrigo Gonçalves dos
Published: September 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa sobre relações pessoais e espaciais urbanas, realizada por meio de uma intervenção artístico-performática de caráter temporário, em praça pública da cidade de Florianópolis, SC. A intervenção baseou-se no conceito de amabilidade urbana cunhado por Adriana Sansão Fontes, com o objetivo principal de promover relações de proximidade e intimidade entre pessoas, e entre pessoas e espaço, buscando ativar um equipamento urbano aparentemente subutilizado. A pesquisa aplicou as oito dimensões da intervenção temporária propostas por Fontes: transitória, pequena, particular, participativa, relacional, ativa, interativa e subversiva. Com o apoio bibliográfico, com a proposta de uma dinâmica preliminar à intervenção e com a consciência do que pretendíamos pesquisar, experimentamos o potencial transformador da arte relacional. Transformamos temporariamente um espaço e também saímos transformados. Esse artigo visa, portanto, apresentar uma experiência de inquietação, desestabilização, ação e transformação individual e coletiva, pessoal e espacial, e assim contribuir com os estudos acerca das intervenções artísticas temporárias.
A casa enquanto paisagem na obra de artistas brasileiras: Rosana Paulino, Conceição Evaristo e Aline Motta
Authors: Batista Lorena Galery
Published: September 2020

A partir da leitura de obras, relatos orais e textos teóricos, este artigo pretende investigar o quintal e o espaço doméstico enquanto paisagem, ativados poeticamente pela imagem da mãe (e ancestralidades em geral), na obra de três artistas/autoras brasileiras da contemporaneidade: Conceição Evaristo, Rosana Paulino e Aline Motta. Articulando a teoria feminista negra brasileira e afroamericana com os conceitos de cartografia psicossocial trabalhados por Suely Rolnik, pretende-se traçar possibilidades de leitura dessas obras que podem não corresponder às ferramentas tradicionais de crítica de arte.
Transporto Sentimentos
Authors: Silva Viviane Vallades da
Published: September 2020

Neste artigo, descreverei o processo criativo da obra Transporto sentimentos, de minha autoria. Durante a descrição, farei passagens de pensamentos que refletem sobre a ação e percurso de meu corpo em diferentes paisagens. Discorrerei sobre possibilidades de ação na paisagem da cidade através da prática artística, ruídos que uma ação pode causar assim como as indagações sobre tal ato.
Distração, recolhimento, planaridade e afetação geral: A reestruturação da recepção na arte moderna
Authors: Volz Filipe Ferreira Pires
Published: September 2020

No ensaio A obra de arte na era de sua reprodutibilidade técnica, primeira versão, Walter Benjamin descreve dois modos de recepção da obra de arte, o 'recolhimento (recepção ótica) e a distração (recepção tátil). Temos dois objetivos neste artigo: mostrar como historicamente esses dois modos configuraram a relação do espectador com as obras de arte em épocas distintas; a partir do entendimento das mudanças artístico-sociais do século XX propor uma conceituação para o modo mais próprio de recepção de obras de arte hoje. Para isso, seguiremos as seguintes etapas: Na introdução, apresentar os significados de recolhimento e distração em Benjamin; a seguir, a partir de Benjamin, C. Greenberg e E.H. Gombrich, construir um paralelo entre a arte pré e pós-renascentista para entender o desenvolvimento que levou ao Modernismo, através da relação entre tridimensionalidade e bidimensionalidade da pintura. Segundo Greenberg, é possível fazer um paralelo entre a arte bizantina e moderna. Por fim, na parte final do desenvolvimento e conclusão, entender como se diferenciam dois desenvolvimentos que a arte moderna dá aos resultados adquiridos pelo impressionismo na questão da planaridade da superfície da tela e voltando a Benjamin, traçar as linhas gerais da reestruturação moderna dos modos de recepção da arte.
A crítica de arte no entrecruzamento da palavra com a imagem
Authors: Alves Lindomberto Ferreira
Published: September 2020

Partindo de uma elaboração de caráter geneológica, que recupera os percursos teóricos da crítica de processos criativos, busca-se perscrutar, a partir dos aspectos que atravessam seus procedimentos teórico-críticos, caminhos possíveis aos desafios enfrentados pela crítica de arte ante a intrincada relação obra-processo tensionada pela poética artística contemporânea.
Decolonization of Cyprus and position of the Soviet Union (1953-1959(
Authors: Tasoulas Argyrios
Published: September 2020

This article examines the process of decolonization of Cyprus and support of the Soviet Union in the struggle against British colonialism. The author substantiates why the case of Cyprus deserves special attention, and how its national characteristics alongside other factors, including the position of Great Britain, Greece, and Turkey impacted decolonization process of the island. It is underlined that the Soviet policy in support of national identity of the Cypriots, as demonstrated by diplomatic steps in the United Nations Security Council in 1954-1958, pursued two directions: weakening of British positions in the Eastern Mediterranean, and initiation of a split in relations between the two NATO members – Greece and Turkey, using their national interests in Cyprus. The unpublished Greek and Soviet materials served as methodological framework for this research. The author leans on the archival foreign policy materials of the Russian Federation, diplomatic and foreign policy archives of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Greece, as well as the Foundation of the Prime Minister of Greece Konstantinos Karamanlis. The use of vast array of sources on the three languages dedicated to the topic allowed concluding that the tactics of the Soviet Union pertinent to Cyprus question of 1953-1959, was ineffective, since the gap between Greece and Turkey and NATO has been overcome after signing the Cyprus Agreements of 1959. A sovereign Cyprus State within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement, and political protection of the Cypriot Communists (the strongest Communist Party in the region), would be the best way for ensuring Soviet security, since these subjects could control the use of the British military facilities, and thus, expand Soviet influence in the region.
Symbolic field of modern Islamism
Authors: Suleimenov Andrey
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the key topoi of the discourse of Islamist propaganda and the mechanism of their representation by a number of unaccredited sources of the Russian-language extremist propaganda. The object of this research is the Islamist discourse covered by the “official” sources of the prohibited in the Russian Federation international terrorist organizations – “Islamic State”, “Dabiq” and “Rumiyah”, as well as a number of Russian-language sources of Islamist propaganda. The author examines such aspects of jihadist propaganda as the category of space, semiotics of Islamist propaganda; postmodern traits in the jihadist propaganda materials. Analysis is conducted on the category “Dawlah” (“state” from Arabic) as a sovereign concept in the discourse of “Islamic State” organization. Special attention is paid to the characteristic of Islamist propaganda as a phenomenon typical for the era of postmodernism. The distinctive features of the Russian-language Islamist discourse are described. Leaning on the analysis of textual and visual materials of Islamist propaganda, the author concludes on inextricable connection of the discourse of jihadist propaganda with the society of its function, despite the thesis on irreconcilable confrontation to the “Taghut” society declared by the ideologists of the international terrorist organization “Islamic State”. This thesis is proven by a certain symbolic set of Islamist propaganda, usage of symbols comprehensible to modern audiences, and significant attention given to the brand and style of the jihadists. After the defeat of the Caliphate as a proto-state entity (rather than a terrorist organization), the “Islamic State” substantially migrated into the virtual space. In an attempt to influence the audience, jihadist propaganda operates not only on the level of objective reality, but immerses the reader in an entirely virtual world. This work reveals the peculiarities of such process.
Monthly drought prediction based on ensemble models
Authors: Shaukat Muhammad Haroon , Hussain Ijaz , Faisal Muhammad , Al-Dousari Ahmad , Ismail Muhammad , Shoukry Alaa Mohamd , Elashkar Elsayed Elsherbini , Gani Showkat
Published: September 2020

Drought is a natural hazard, which is a result of a prolonged shortage of precipitation, high temperature and change in the weather pattern. Drought harms society, the economy and the natural environment, but it is difficult to identify and characterize. Many areas of Pakistan have suffered severe droughts during the last three decades due to changes in the weather pattern. A drought analysis with the incorporation of climate information has not yet been undertaken in this study region. Here, we propose an ensemble approach for monthly drought prediction and to define and examine wet/dry events. Initially, the drought events were identified by the short term Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI-3). Drought is predicted based on three ensemble models i.e., Equal Ensemble Drought Prediction (EEDP), Weighted Ensemble Drought Prediction (WEDP) and the Conditional Ensemble Drought Prediction (CEDP) model. Besides, two weighting procedures are used for distributing weights in the WEDP model, such as Traditional Weighting (TW) and the Weighted Bootstrap Resampling (WBR) procedure. Four copula families (i.e., Frank, Clayton, Gumbel and Joe) are used to explain the dependency relation between climate indices and precipitation in the CEDP model. Among all four copula families, the Joe copula has been found suitable for most of the times. The CEDP model provides better results in terms of accuracy and uncertainty as compared to other ensemble models for all meteorological stations. The performance of the CEDP model indicates that the climate indices are correlated with a weather pattern of four meteorological stations. Moreover, the percentage occurrence of extreme drought events that have appeared in the Multan, Bahawalpur, Barkhan and Khanpur are 1.44%, 0.57%, 2.59% and 1.71%, respectively, whereas the percentage occurrence of extremely wet events are 2.3%, 1.72%, 0.86% and 2.86%, respectively. The understanding of drought pattern by including climate information can contribute to the knowledge of future agriculture and water resource management.
Assessment of Fasting Blood Glucose Level of Undergraduates in Abeokuta Ogun State Nigeria
Authors: Sedodo Nupo Sunday , Abosede Olunusi Patience , Ilori O. A. , Adenekan M. K. , Idowu Ojo Mariam , Nupo A. O. , Akinlotan J. V.
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) is a condition where Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) is above normal but not high enough to be considered diabetic. Impaired fasting glucose is linked with many co-morbid diseases such as obesity, dyslipidemia and hypertension. The study assessed the prevalence of impaired fasting glucose concentration among undergraduates in Ogun state South-West Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: A purposive sampling technique was used to select three hundred undergraduate students willing and ready participant. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-economic information of the undergraduates. Fasting blood glucose, weight, height and blood pressure were determined using glucometer, weighing scale, height meter and sphygmomanometer respectively.

Results: The result of the study showed that the prevalence of IFG among undergraduate in South West Nigeria was 11.0% (n=33) of total participants. A higher prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was found with females than males. Body mass index of the subject reviewed that (11.0%, n=33) were underweight, (61.0%, n=183) had normal weight, (27.3%, n=82) were overweight and (0.7%, n=2) were obese.

Conclusion: In conclusion, some of the participants had abnormal FBG (11%, n=33). Nutritional program/workshop should be organized by the institutions to enable undergraduates make a healthy, responsible lifestyle choices and consume a well-balanced diet.
Family Domestic Violence: Impact on Children in Lusaka, Zambia
Authors: Mwandu Mwenso , Thankian Kusanthan , Menon Gaurav B. , Mwaba Sidney O. C. , Menon J. Anitha
Published: September 2020

Aim: To explore the experiences of children exposed to domestic violence in Lusaka District, Zambia.

Study Design: A qualitative exploratory approach was adopted for this study.

Place and Duration of the Study: The study took place in Lusaka district over a period of 8 months. The study population included domestic violence survivor children and their parents. The study sample consisted of fifty-two participants divided into thirty children (boys and girls), sixteen parents or guardians, and six key informants. Data was collected using detailed interviews with children and key informants, while focus group discussions were conducted with the parents or guardians.

Results: The findings of the study revealed that children were exposed to different forms of domestic violence including physical abuse, emotional (verbal) abuse, and economic abuse. The children were both witnesses and victims of domestic violence. The study also revealed that exposure to violence had negative effects on the children such as physical injury, fear and anxiety, loss of confidence and self-esteem, academic under performance, guilt and shame, and poor relationships with peers and parents.

Conclusion and Recommendations: Domestic violence is still prevalent in Lusaka District and has negative long-term effects on children who witness it and are victimised by it. Interventions are necessary to address the size, nature, and complexity of the problem. It is recommended that professionals who have regular contact with families and children, including teachers, child care workers, health and mental health care providers, law enforcement officers, child welfare workers, and court officials should receive ongoing training on domestic violence and its impact on children, and necessary interventions to combat it.
Effective Management of Hilsa Shad (Tenualosa ilisha): Prevailing Research Trends in Bangladesh
Authors: Golam Mustafa Md.
Published: September 2020

Aim: The purpose of this review is to support widely accepted knowledge based effective management of Hilsa shad populations through smart decisions.

Study Design: Literature review of the population dynamics based studies along with the relevant papers of Hilsa shad fishery management in Bangladesh. Thus, accurate estimations of population size, growth parameters, mortalities and exploitation rates are critical for success.

Place and Duration of Study: The literature review and other relevant documents are based in the coastal and riverine areas of Bangladesh during last three decades.

Methodology: The review mainly included research findings on the catch and population dynamics of Hilsa shad in the riverine and coastal habitats of Bangladesh. This review comprised of published results on asymptotic length (Lµ), growth co-efficient (K), Growth performance index (ф’), mortality rates (natural-M, fishing-F and total-Z), exploitation rates (E), gear selectivity (Lc), maximum sustainable yield (MSY), standing stock or steady state biomass (SSB), average weight/length and length-weight relationship parameters.

Results: The asymptotic length, growth co-efficient and growth performance index were varied from 51.5 to 65.6cm, 0.51 to 0.99 and 3.14 to 3.55 respectively. The variation of growth range was appeared from 21.19 – 37.69, 33.66 – 51.69, 41.0 – 56.89, 45.32 – 59.09, 47.86 – 60.79 and 49.36 – 62.52 cm at the end of age 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years respectively. Simultaneously, natural, fishing and total mortality were varied from 0.89 to 1.52, 0.45 to 3.45 and 1.68 to 4.9 respectively. The exploitation rates were varied between 0.27 and 0.70, and the length at first capture were differs to be 39.24 to 57.65% of the mean asymptotic length. The overall mean length and weight value equal to 34.0±2.67cm and 540±120gm respectively. While the majority of the research papers (90%) indicated, overfishing, the annual catch of the species shows an increasing trend of 10,038 tons per year (R2=0.81) between financial year 1989-90 and 2018-19. The estimated MSY varied from 162396 to 283597, 283597 to 404798 and 404798 to 526000 tons from 60%, 30% and 10% studies respectively. The mean MSY value equal to 282174 ±100530 tons. Besides, three case studies showed deviations, inclusion of hypothesis based results and analytical gap. Thus, through the continual publication process the absolute unclear results maybe adjust or accepts in the national policy, including SDG-14s.

Conclusions: The study indicated that the importance of science excellence, precise assessment and accurate estimation of the status of the fish stocks is vital for sustainable management of a fishery. Thus, the technical investigations need experience to analyze, predict results and produce fisheries management related suggestions, which is highly correlated to national or regional resource management decision.
Parenting Intervention Method in Improving Parenting Skills as a Reference in Reproductive Health Education in Families
Authors: Rimawati Eti , Isworo Slamet
Published: September 2020

Background and Objectives: The problem of reproductive health is not limited to adolescents, but it has shifted to early childhood. Parenting skill has an important role in shaping risky sexual behaviours. Some programs in improving communication and parenting self-efficacy are not effective enough to change those risky behaviours in children and adolescents. This study aims to describe the methods of an educational parenting intervention to improve parenting skills as a reference in reproductive health education in the family.

Methodology: The review process did not strictly follow the flow of the systematic review. The data have manually selected through some stages including selection, search, extraction, and analysis. The keyword in data search is a combination of parenting intervention (mother and father), sex education, reproductive health, and community-based programs.

Results: In improving parenting skills some methods used including special education and training programs for parents like optimizing the use of internet, photo voice, games, focused group discussion (FGD), and observation.

Conclusions: Structured programs of two-to-three-hour sessions found to be very effective.
Open Circuit Potential, Polarization and Thermometric Study of Guar Gum as Corrosion Inhibitor on Mild Steel by in Acidic Media
Authors: Kushwah Rupesh , Pathak R. K.
Published: September 2020

The influence of guar gum as inhibitors for mild steel (MS) dissolved in 1.0 M H2SO4 had been investigated via various electrochemical tests at 298 K. Open circuit (OC), Tafel plots had been examined. At first OCP shift found to be more negative values which clarify that guar gum having high efficiency as corrosion inhibitors. The inhibition efficiency (IE%) can be improved with improvement of concentration of inhibitor reaching maximum efficiency up to 89.37% at 298 K. The Tafel plots had been illustrated that a maximum difference of Ecorr 68 mV, that shows that the guar gum worked as mixed type inhibitor. Thermometry investigation shows maximum IE is found to be 86.99.
Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava Methanolic Leaf Extracts
Authors: Omotayo Mutiat Adetayo , Avungbeto Mary Oluwatoyin , Eleyowo Oluwole Olusoji
Published: September 2020

Aim: This study evaluates the antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Anacardium occidentale and Psidium guajava methanolic leaf extracts.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was carried out in the Biochemistry and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Science Laboratory Technology, School of Pure and Applied Science, Lagos State Polytechnic, Ikorodu, Lagos- Nigeria for the period of three months between August and October 2015.

Methodology: Lycophene and β-carotene was assessed using the method of Nagata and Yamashita while total phenolic and total flavonoid content was assessed by the Folin-Ciocalteau assay and aluminum chloride colorimetric assay respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging activity. Antimicrobial activity was assessed by the agar well diffusion technique and mode of action was evaluated by studying the leakage of UV260 and UV280 absorbing materials spectrophotometrically.

Results: A. occidentale and P. guajava methanolic leaf extracts evaluated in this study possessed significant amount of antioxidant compounds lycophene, β-carotene, total phenol and flavonoids. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH radicals in a dose dependent pattern with IC50 of 47.45, 43.49, 41.46 and 27.21 μg/mL for A. occidentale, P. guajava, vitamin C and Gallic acid respectively. Also, the plant extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against E. coli, S. aureus, P. auraginosa and C. albicans and disrupted microbial membrane evident in the increase in absorbance values of UV260 and UV280 absorbing materials with time.

Conclusion: A. occidentale and P. guajava methanolic leaf extracts possess antioxidant and antimicrobial activity and serve as potential source of drugs.
An Evaluation of the Attitudes and Beliefs of Physicians and Pharmacists towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine Based on CAMBI and another Instrument
Authors: Tyrell Ede , Jeeboo Karishma , Carter Jewel Edmonson- , Thomas Troy , Kurup Rajini
Published: September 2020

Aims: To investigate the attitudes and beliefs of physicians and pharmacists towards Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) using two instruments: the Complementary and Alternative Belief Inventory (CAMBI) and the Attitudes to Alternative Medicine.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional study of registered physicians and pharmacists attending their conferences or Continuing Pharmacy Education (CPE) sessions in Guyana.

Place and Duration of Study: Pharmacists attending their first CPE for 2015 and physicians at their annual Medical Conference participated.

Methodology: A pre-tested, self-administered questionnaire was used and 274 persons (140 physicians and 134 pharmacists) participated. One section of the questionnaire, utilised the CAMBI to measure three constructs: beliefs in holistic health, natural treatments, and participation in treatment. The other section focused on attitudes to Alternative Medicine. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and structural equations modelling were employed in the analysis of the data.

Results: For the CAMBI, a final model was obtained following the removal of several items that lacked validity and statistical significance. Most of the participants (56%) were 20-30 years old and most (52%) of them had 5 years or less professional experience. Overall, the participants were not closed to the use of CAM but there was some scepticism. Physicians believed more strongly in holistic health than pharmacists, but the latter group showed a more positive attitude to involvement in the CAM environment. Attitudes were not affected by age nor area of practice but were influenced by profession, gender, ethnicity, years of professional service and whether or not they attended the local university.

Conclusion: The CAMBI performed poorly and would have to be revised to suit the local context in future studies. Overall, most participants had some reservations about CAM. Emphasis on holistic health and CAM should be prioritised in any training at the undergraduate level or any continuing education sessions.
Virtual Screening to Identify the Protein Targets in Common Dental Pathogens Interacting with Menthol
Authors: Nandhini J. S. Thaslima , Girija A. S. Smiline , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: September 2020

Deducing the molecular pathway underlying the antimicrobial effect of phytocompounds is an inevitable part of drug discovery. Selection of potential targets on the microbial pathogens will eventually lead to eradication of microbes and effective treatment. In this context, the present insilico study identifies vital targets in the dental pathogens interacting with menthol. The STITCHtool was used for identifying the protein drug interaction, VICMPred and VirulentPred tools were used for identifying the functional class and virulence nature of proteins. PSORTb was used to locate the sub-cellular location of the virulent proteins. The study results indicate that menthol interacts with virulence factors of Treponema denticola. These factors play a crucial role in cell survival and hence can be a good target for further in vitro and in vivo studies. To conclude, menthol was found to interact with crucial proteins of dental pathogens which can be targeted to achieve promising results.
Sustainable Agricultural Mechanization in Nigeria in Context of COVID-19
Authors: Fadele O. K. , Amusan T. O. , Ariyo C. O. , Afolabi A. O. , Onwuegbunam N. E. , Oni B. O.
Published: September 2020

Post-harvest losses and food shortage has remained endemic to most Sub-Saharan African communities. The reality of COVID-19 in these countries has unfurled the weakness of agricultural sector in containing long lasting effect of such natural disaster. In most developed countries, the impact of COVID-19 is minimal on the agricultural sector because of their functional robust food supply chain structure unlike most developing countries. The effort of most African countries in this sector is yet to come to fruition; this will not happen without sustainable agricultural mechanization. This would further enhance food supply chain mechanism in the agricultural sector. In this paper, the impact of COVID-19 on food supply in Nigeria was discussed, as well as the proffered approaches in combating similar future disaster.
Concentration and Diversification of Export Economy of Bangladesh: Comparison and Policy Implication with Other Asian Countries
Authors: Faiz Md , Maitra Pushkar
Published: September 2020

Bangladesh has achieved consistent economic growth last ten years. Its export is also growing but heavily depending on garment sector. This paper measures how much Bangladesh’s export concentration than other Asian countries China, Thailand and Vietnam. This paper uses n-Firm concentration to measure top 4 sector concentration, Herfindahl-Hirschman (HH) index to measure single industry domination and analyses current export for compare how much percentage contribution changes of major industries over the period. This paper finds Bangladesh’s export highly concentrated on single industry whereas other countries are more diversified on different sectors. Thailand and Vietnam have the same characteristics with Bangladesh in many aspects, but their export sectors diversified very nicely over the year. It explains major reasons for extreme concentration of Bangladesh’s export. This paper proposes a diversification framework for Bangladesh with identifying four major variables i.e Dynamic variables, Favourable variables, Structural Transformational Variables, and Policy and Commercial policy. It also suggests some factors with implementation guide under each variable with the experience of Thailand and Vietnam to implement the proposed framework.
Differential regulation of interleukin‐6 expression in human fibroblasts by tumor necrosis factor‐α and lymphotoxin
Authors: Mantovani Luisa , Henschler Reinhard , Brach Marion A. , Wieser Raimund , Lübbert Michael , Lindemann Albrecht , Mertelsmann Roland H. , Herrmann Friedhelm
Published: July 2002

The treatment of human diploid fibroblasts with tumor necrosis factor (TNP)‐α and with lymphotoxin (LT) is associated with induction of interleuk‐in‐6 (IL‐6) transcripts with TNF‐α being 10‐fold more potent than LT. Here we report on the TNF‐α/LT‐induced signaling mechanisms responsible for the regulation of IL‐6 gene expression in these cells. Run‐on assays demonstrated that both TNF‐α and LT increase IL‐6 mRNA levels by transcriptional activation of this gene. Stability studies of IL‐6 transcripts in fibroblasts showed that TNF‐α delayed IL‐6 mRNA decay but not LT. The induction of IL‐6 transcripts by TNF‐α and LT was not inhibited by the isoquinoline sulfonamide derivative H7. Similarly, depletion of protein kinase C (PKC) by 12‐O‐tetradecanoyl‐phorbol 13‐acetate (TPA) did not change the ability of TNF‐α and LT to induce IL‐6 transcripts, demonstrating that stimulation by these agents may not be mediated by activation of PKC. Stimulation of IL‐6 transcripts in fibroblasts did also not require new protein synthesis as exposure to the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX) enhanced accumulation of IL‐6 mRNA in the presence or absence of TNF‐α or LT.
Expression of functional receptors for interleukin‐6 by human polymorphonuclear, leukocytes Downregulation by granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor
Authors: Henschler R. , Lindemann A. , Brach M.A. , Mackensen A. , Mertelsmann R.H. , Herrmann F.
Published: July 2002

Surface interleukin‐6 receptors were identified on human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) by monoclonal anti p80‐chain antibody MT 18 Cytoplasmic RNA harvested from PMNL also contained IL‐6‐R transcripts. Binding of recombinant human (rh) interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) to IL‐6‐R bearing PMNL was identified by flow cytometry using phycocrythrin (PE)‐conjugated ligand. Treatment of PMNL with rh granulocyte‐macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF) led to the inability of PMNL to bind MT 18 monoclonal antibody (moAb) and to display binding sites for PE‐conjugated rh IL‐6. Levels of IL‐6‐R transcripts in PMNL exposed to GM‐CSF were about 5‐fold below those of PMNL cultured in medium only. Though a definitive role for IL‐6 to modulate the function of PMNL was not found, treatment of PMNL with rh IL‐6 clearly resulted in an enhancement of transcript levels of the early response genes c‐fox and c‐jun in these cells, thus indicating that IL‐6 binding is followed by signal transduction.
Expression of c‐jun/AP‐1 during myogenic differentiation in mouse C2C12 myoblasts
Authors: Thinakaran Gopal , Ojala Johanna , Bag Jnanankur
Published: July 2002

Mitogen withdrawal triggers myogenic differentiation in skeletal myoblasts in culture. We have examined the expression of the proto‐oncogene c‐jun during this process in mouse C2C12 myoblasts. c‐jun belongs to a family of immediate early genes whose expression is activated in cultured cells in response to the addition of serum growth factors. Interestingly, expression of c‐jun was maintained in mouse C2C12 and rat L6 myoblasts undergoing myogenic differentiation under low‐serum conditions. Previously it has been reported that expression of c‐jun is downregulated during differentiation of C2 cells. However, our results using C2C12 cells, a subclone of the C2 line, show that c‐jun mRNA, protein and the activator‐protein 1 (AP‐1) DNA‐binding activity were easily detected in proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myotubes. Although overexpression of c‐jun has been shown to block myogenic differentiation in C2 cells, results presented here suggest that expression of c‐jun at physiological levels may not interfere with skeletal myogenesis.
Import of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine into mitochondria of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Lampl Manfred , Leber Andrea , Paltauf Fritz , Daum Günther
Published: July 2002

An in vitro assay was designed to study the import of 3H‐labeled phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine, respectively, from unilamellar vesicles into isolated mitochondria of the yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Both phospholipids reached the inner mitochondrial membrane. During import they were detected in contact sites between the outer and the inner mitochondrial membrane, supporting the notion that these zones are sites of intramitochondrial phospholipid transport. The uncoupler CCCP, the antibiotic adriamycin, and energy depletion caused by oligomycin and apyrase did not inhibit the transport of phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylcholine into mitochondria.
Psychogenic paranoid psychosis: an empirical study
Authors: Vicente N , Ochoa E , Rios B
Published: July 2002

The present study was aimed at assessing the psychopathological manifestations, stress factors, evolution and social adaptation of 29 patients diagnosed with psychogenic paranoid psychosis. This syndrome is seen as an entity in itself, and is closely related to trigger factors; stability in the symptomatology of each relapse; favourable response to treatment; tendency to relapse, and recovery of the previous level of functioning.
AMP‐activated protein kinase phosphorylation of endothelial NO synthase
Authors: Chen Zhi-Ping , Mitchelhill Ken I , Michell Belinda J , Stapleton David , Rodriguez-Crespo Ignacio , Witters Lee A , Power David A , Ortiz de Montellano Paul R , Kemp Bruce E
Published: July 2002

The AMP‐activated protein kinase (AMPK) in rat skeletal and cardiac muscle is activated by vigorous exercise and ischaemic stress. Under these conditions AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits acetyl‐coenzyme A carboxylase causing increased oxidation of fatty acids. Here we show that AMPK co‐immunoprecipitates with cardiac endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) and phosphorylates Ser‐1177 in the presence of Ca2+‐calmodulin (CaM) to activate eNOS both in vitro and during ischaemia in rat hearts. In the absence of Ca2+‐calmodulin, AMPK also phosphorylates eNOS at Thr‐495 in the CaM‐binding sequence, resulting in inhibition of eNOS activity but Thr‐495 phosphorylation is unchanged during ischaemia. Phosphorylation of eNOS by the AMPK in endothelial cells and myocytes provides a further regulatory link between metabolic stress and cardiovascular function.
An exploratory study of the effects of supplier relationships on new product development outcomes
Authors: Primo Marcos A.M , Amundson Susan D
Published: July 2002

The literature about the influence of suppliers on new product development (NPD) project outcomes shows mixed results. Focusing on supplier relationships, especially the concept of supplier involvement, we present a two‐stage model explaining supplier relationships and their impacts on product quality, project development time and project cost. The level of supplier involvement on the NPD project is seen as contingent on the level of technical difficulty of the project. This model is tested using secondary survey data.
Managing radical product development in large manufacturing firms: a longitudinal study
Authors: McDermott Christopher M
Published: July 2002

This study explores and documents the processes by which large manufacturing firms develop and produce radical products. Seven projects from five Fortune 500 firms were analyzed over a 3‐year period. Through the use of these case studies, we found common themes emerging in the way these firms manage their new product development (NPD) process in this turbulent environment. Our observations suggest that these high levels of uncertainty result in several unique challenges in developing the project, especially in the areas of managing functional integration and finding a divisional home for the emerging product.
Clozapine effectiveness in a psychiatric service in Italy
Authors: Berardi D , Troia M , Dell'Atti M , Bartoletti C , Cantaroni C , Ferrari G
Published: July 2002

Clozapine was administered to 28 resistant schizophrenics at psychiatric services in Bologna. At 26 weeks 62% responded. Positive and negative symptoms improved, but decrease of negative symptoms partially depended upon improvement of positive and EPS. No cases of agranulocytosis were seen. Some drop-outs were related to difficulties with psychopathological improvement.
Bupropion SR as an aid to smoking cessation in smokers treated previously with bupropion: A randomized placebo‐controlled study
Authors: Gonzales David H. , Nides Mitchell A. , Ferry Linda H. , Kustra Robert P. , Jamerson Brenda D. , Segall Nathan , Herrero Luis A. , Krishen Alok , Sweeney Addison , Buaron Kathleen , Metz Alan
Published: July 2002

Background

Many persons who attempt to quit smoking have made previous unsuccessful attempts to quit with pharmacologic aids. An understanding of the impact of these previous attempts to quit is vital for selecting medications that may be more successful in a future attempt to quit. In particular, the effect of repeated use of bupropion SR (Zyban; INN, amfebutamone) on abstinence rates has not been studied previously.

Methods

This was a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled study in 450 smokers who had previously used bupropion in a smoking cessation attempt. The study consisted of a screening phase, a 12‐week treatment phase, and a follow‐up at month 6. Participants made regular clinic visits throughout the treatment phase during which they received brief counseling sessions to encourage abstinence from smoking. The primary end point was continuous abstinence from smoking from weeks 4 through 7. Secondary efficacy end points were examined throughout the treatment phase and at follow‐up after 6 months.

Results

In participants receiving bupropion SR, 27% (61 of 226) remained abstinent throughout the period from weeks 4 through 7 compared with 5% (11 of 224) of participants receiving placebo (P < .001). Significantly (P < .001) more participants who received bupropion SR during the treatment phase remained continuously abstinent from the start of week 4 through month 6 (27 of 226; 12%) compared with participants who received placebo (5 of 224; 2%). Eleven participants receiving placebo (5%) and 19 participants receiving bupropion SR (8%) stopped taking the study medication because of an adverse event.

Conclusions

Bupropion SR is an effective medication for retreatment of smokers who have used bupropion SR previously.

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2001) 69, 438–444; doi: 10.1067/mcp.2001.115750
Impact of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction kernels on radiotherapy dose calculation
Authors: Vergalasova Irina , McKenna Michael , Yue Ning Jeff , Reyhan Meral
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To quantitatively evaluate the effect of computed tomography (CT) reconstruction kernels on various dose calculation algorithms with heterogeneity correction.

Methods

The gammex electron density (ED) Phantom was scanned with the Siemens PET/CT Biograph20 mCT and reconstructed with twelve different kernel options. Hounsfield unit (HU) vs electron density (ED) curves were generated to compare absolute differences. Scans were repeated under head and pelvis protocols and reconstructed per H40s (head) and B40s (pelvis) kernels. In addition, raw data from a full‐body patient scan were also reconstructed using the four B kernels. Per reconstruction, photon (3D and VMAT), electron (18 and 20 MeV) and proton (single field) treatment plans were generated using Varian Eclipse dose calculation algorithms. Photon and electron plans were also simulated to pass through cortical bone vs liver plugs of the phantom for kernel comparison. Treatment field monitor units (MU) and isodose volumes were compared across all scenarios.

Results

The twelve kernels resulted in minor differences in HU, except at the extreme ends of the density curve with a maximum absolute difference of 55.2 HU. The head and pelvis scans of the phantom resulted in absolute HU differences of up to 49.1 HU for cortical bone and 45.1 HU for lung 300, which is a relative difference of 4.1% and 6.2%, respectively. MU comparisons across photon and proton calculation algorithms for the patient and phantom scans were within 1–2 MU, with a maximum difference of 5.4 MU found for the 20 MeV electron plan. The 20MeV electron plan also displayed maximum differences in isodose volumes of 20.4 cc for V90%.

Conclusion

Clinically insignificant differences were found among the various kernel generated plans for photon and proton plans calculated on patient and phantom scan data. However, differences in isodose volumes found for higher energy electron plans amongst the kernels may have clinical implications for prescribing dose to an isodose level.
Stability of daily rectal movement and effectiveness of replanning protocols for sparing rectal doses based on the daily CT images during proton treatment for prostate cancer
Authors: Maeda Yoshikazu , Sato Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Kazutaka , Tamamura Hiroyasu , Sasaki Makoto , Fuwa Nobukazu , Takamatsu Shigeyuki , Kume Kyo
Published: September 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the optimal period of replanning to spare the rectal dose by investigating daily rectal movements during computed tomography (CT) image‐guided proton therapy for prostate cancer.

Materials and methods

To evaluate the optimum reference period for replanning, we analyzed 1483 sets of daily CT (dCT) images acquired from 40 prostate cancer patients and measured the daily rectal movement along the anterior–posterior direction based on the simulator CT (sCT) images and dCT images. We calculated daily dose distributions based on initial plans on the sCT images and replans on the dCT images for 13 representative patients, and evaluated daily dose volume histograms (DVHs) for the prostate, seminal vesicles, and rectum.

Results

The rectal anterior side on the dCT images around the seminal vesicles largely deviated toward the anterior side relative to the position on the reference sCT images, but the deviation decreased by referring to the dCT images and became nearly zero when we referred to the dCT images after 10‐day treatment. The daily DVH values for the prostate showed good dose coverage. For six patients showing rectal movement toward the anterior side, the daily rectal DVH (V77%) showed a 3.0 ± 1.7 cc excess from the initial plan and this excess was correlated with 9.9 ± 6.8 mm rectal movement. To identify the patients (37.5% in total) for whom the replanning on the 10th‐day and 20th‐day CT images reduced the V77% excess to 0.4 ± 1.5 cc and −0.2 ± 1.3 cc, respectively, we evaluated the accumulated mean doses with a 1.2 cc criterion.

Conclusion

Our data demonstrate that the daily movement of the rectal anterior side tends to move toward the anterior side, which results in a rectal overdose, and the mean of the movement gradually decreases with the passage of days. In such cases, replanning with the reference CT after 10 days is effective to spare the rectal dose.
Microstructure–Property Correlation in a Laser Powder Bed Fusion Processed High‐Strength AF‐9628 Steel
Authors: Agrawal Priyanshi , Shukla Shivakant , Thapliyal Saket , Agrawal Priyanka , Nene Saurabh S. , Mishra Rajiv S. , McWilliams Brandon A. , Cho Kyu C.
Published: September 2020

Laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing (LPBF‐AM) of a low‐alloy, high‐performance AF‐9628 steel results in exceptionally high strength and good ductility. The reasons for such mechanical properties are investigated through detailed microscopy performed at several length scales. Thus, the characterization of melt pool, porosity, grain morphology, phases, and dislocations is performed in the as‐printed material. The as‐printed material consists of only 0.004 vol% of uniformly distributed porosity, single‐phase martensitic laths with an average lath size of ≈2.5 μm, the absence of carbides indicating interstitial trapping of C atom, and high dislocation density in the martensitic laths. Experimental data through microscopy are then fed in analytical models for calculating strengthening contributions from various strengthening mechanisms. Calculated yield strength agrees well with experimentally determined value, and therefore, activation of various strengthening mechanisms is established in as‐printed AF‐9628.
Entropy‐stabilized metal‐CeOx solid solutions for catalytic combustion of volatile organic compounds
Authors: Shu Yuan , Bao Jiafeng , Yang Shize , Duan Xiaolan , Zhang Pengfei
Published: September 2020

Doped Ceria with abundant oxygen vacancies exhibits enhanced performance in heterogeneous oxidation. In principle, doping 50 mol% divalent cations (such as: Cu2+, Zn2+, and Mg2+) into CeO2 lattice would produce an exceptional catalyst with maximum active oxygen species. However, the huge size gap between Ce (IV) and divalent metal cations obstructs its synthesis. Here, we utilize the theory of increasing configurational entropy with five metal dopants to lower the Gibbs‐free energy, and successfully incorporate 50 mol% divalent metal cations into CeO2 lattice. This unique doping environment endows Ce0.5Zn0.1Co0.1Mg0.1Ni0.1Cu0.1Ox two features: (a) Abundant active oxygen species for excellent performance in volatile organic compounds catalytic oxidation; (b) Bring multi reactive sites, which enable the simultaneous combustion of carbon monoxide, propylene and toluene. Moreover, the increased entropy value makes Ce0.5Zn0.1Co0.1Mg0.1Ni0.1Cu0.1Ox an ultra‐stable catalyst in both thermal and hydrothermal conditions (e.g., Working >200 hr in water‐resistance experiment).