bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental Income and Children’s Life Course: Lessons from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics
Authors: Duncan Greg J. , Kalil Ariel , Ziol-Guest Kathleen M.
Published: November 2018

This article reviews how the Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) has contributed to our understanding of the links between childhood economic conditions—in particular, the household incomes with very young children—and the economic attainment and health of those children when they reach adulthood. From its beginning, the PSID has provided data useful for addressing intergenerational questions. In the mid-1990s, PSID data supported a series of studies that link early childhood income to early adult attainments, particularly to completed schooling. At the same time, discoveries in neurobiology and epidemiology were beginning to provide details on the processes producing the observed correlations. These discoveries led to a more recent set of PSID-based studies that focus not only on labor market and behavioral outcomes, but also on links between income in the earliest stages of life (including the prenatal period) and adult health. Links between economic disadvantage in childhood and adult health, and the developmental neuroscience underlying those links, are promising areas for future research.
Why women build less effective networks than men: The role of structural exclusion and personal hesitation
Authors: Greguletz Elena , Diehl Marjo-Riitta , Kreutzer Karin
Published: November 2018

Studies have shown that women’s professional networks are often less powerful and effective than men’s in terms of exchanged benefits, yet the motivations that underlie the networking behaviours remain less well understood. Based on an interview study of 37 high-profile female leaders working in large German corporations, we found that not only the extrinsic barrier of structural exclusion from powerful networks, but also the intrinsic barrier of women’s hesitations to instrumentalize social ties are key to answering our research question: Why do women build less effective networks than men? Our analysis points to the existence of structural exclusion resulting from work–family conflict and homophily. With regard to personal hesitation, we identified two elements that were associated with under-benefiting from networking: moral considerations in social interactions and gendered modesty. Our study makes two important contributions. First, by highlighting personal hesitation as an intrinsic barrier, it extends the understanding of women’s motivations for networking based on social exchange theory. Second, based on structural barriers and personal hesitation, it develops a grounded theory model of networking that offers a holistic understanding of reasons that, from the perspective of the focal women, contribute to gender inequality in the workplace.
Does Mediation-Arbitration Reduce Arbitration Rates? Evidence from a Natural Experiment
Authors: Campolieti Michele , Riddell Chris
Published: November 2018

To study the effect of the introduction of mediation-arbitration as a dispute resolution procedure on interest arbitration, the authors exploit a natural experiment in the arbitration institutions for police and firefighter sectors in the Canadian province of Ontario. They obtain estimates using a difference-in-difference estimator. Results show that the introduction of mediation-arbitration is significantly associated with increased use of arbitration by firefighters relative to the police. The article also draws on interviews with stakeholders to help explain the mechanisms that contribute to the increase in arbitration rates.
Do Start-ups Provide Employment Opportunities for Disadvantaged Workers?
Authors: Fackler Daniel , Fuchs Michaela , Hölscher Lisa , Schnabel Claus
Published: November 2018

This article compares the hiring patterns of start-ups and incumbent firms to analyze whether start-ups offer relatively more job opportunities to disadvantaged workers. Using administrative linked employer–employee data for Germany that provide the complete employment biographies of newly hired workers, the authors show that young firms are more likely than incumbents to hire applicants who are older, foreign, or unemployed, or who have unstable employment histories, arrive from outside the labor force, or were affected by a plant closure. Analysis of entry wages shows that penalties for these disadvantaged workers, however, are higher in start-ups than in incumbent firms. Therefore, even if start-ups provide employment opportunities for certain groups of disadvantaged workers, the quality of these jobs in terms of initial remuneration appears to be low.
Intensification of teachers’ work under devolution: A ‘tsunami’ of paperwork
Authors: Fitzgerald Scott , McGrath-Champ Susan , Stacey Meghan , Wilson Rachel , Gavin Mihajla
Published: November 2018

Australian public school teachers work some of the longest weekly hours among Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries, particularly in the state of New South Wales where average hours are officially in, or near, the statistical category of ‘very long working hours’. These reports of a high workload have occurred alongside recent policy moves that seek to devolve responsibility for schooling, augmenting teacher and school-level accountability. This article explores changes in work demands experienced by New South Wales teachers. As part of a larger project on schools as workplaces, we examine teaching professionals’ views through interviews with teacher union representatives. Consistent with a model of work intensification, workload increases were almost universally reported, primarily in relation to ‘paperwork’ requirements. However, differences in the nature of intensification were evident when data were disaggregated according to socio-educational advantage, level of schooling (primary or secondary) and location. The distinct patterns of work intensification that emerge reflect each school’s relative advantage or disadvantage within the school marketplace, influenced by broader neoliberal reforms occurring within the state and nation.
Introduction to the Special Issue: Learning to Listen from Sounds to Words
Authors: Shea Christine
Published: November 2018

The eight articles in this special issue ‘Learning to listen from sounds to words’ were presented at the conference Sound to Word in Bilingual and Second Language Speech Perception held at the University of Iowa in spring 2016. The selected contributions focus on how second language speech perception interacts with orthography, how phonology interacts with speech perception and how listeners use the cues in the input to segment and create the word forms for lexical processing. This collection of papers expands the field of speech perception and production by granting a central role to the lexicon and exploring how listeners and speakers activate representations, from sounds to words.
A Public Health Strategy for the Opioid Crisis
Authors: Saloner Brendan , McGinty Emma E. , Beletsky Leo , Bluthenthal Ricky , Beyrer Chris , Botticelli Michael , Sherman Susan G.
Published: November 2018

Drug overdose is now the leading cause of injury death in the United States. Most overdose fatalities involve opioids, which include prescription medication, heroin, and illicit fentanyl. Current data reveal that the overdose crisis affects all demographic groups and that overdose rates are now rising most rapidly among African Americans. We provide a public health perspective that can be used to mobilize a comprehensive local, state, and national response to the opioid crisis. We argue that framing the crisis from a public health perspective requires considering the interaction of multiple determinants, including structural factors (eg, poverty and racism), the inadequate management of pain, and poor access to addiction treatment and harm-reduction services (eg, syringe services). We propose a novel ecological framework for harmful opioid use that provides multiple recommendations to improve public health and clinical practice, including improved data collection to guide resource allocation, steps to increase safer prescribing, stigma-reduction campaigns, increased spending on harm reduction and treatment, criminal justice policy reform, and regulatory changes related to controlled substances. Focusing on these opportunities provides the greatest chance of making a measured and sustained impact on overdose and related harms.
An Exploration of Breastfeeding Practices by Bhutanese Women
Authors: Pemo Kinga , Phillips Diane , Hutchinson Alison M.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Researchers have shown beneficial influences of exclusive breastfeeding for women and infants. Therefore, the World Health Organization recommends exclusively breastfeeding infants for the first 6 months following birth. In Bhutan, researchers have found, through survey research, variable exclusive breastfeeding rates at 6 months. They have not, however, explored the experiences and views of participants in relation to breastfeeding.

Research aim:

The aim was to explore first-time mothers’ views, intentions, and experiences related to exclusive breastfeeding.

Methods:

A qualitative, prospective, longitudinal, descriptive study was undertaken using semistructured, audio-recorded interviews at two points of time with first-time mothers prenatally during late third trimester ( n = 24) and at 6 weeks after birth ( n = 22). The framework approach to analysis was used to identify themes.

Results:

Two themes (breastfeeding, but uncertainty about achieving exclusive breastfeeding and acceptance that breastfeeding is painful) were identified from interviews at term. Five themes were identified from interviews at 6 weeks after birth (lack of timely breastfeeding information and support from health professionals, misconceptions about exclusive breastfeeding, being unprepared for the reality of breastfeeding, limited control or choice over feeding, and adoption of cultural and traditional practices).

Conclusion:

The participants breastfed but did not practice exclusive breastfeeding due to a lack of timely breastfeeding information and inadequate breastfeeding support. While family elders supported breastfeeding, they also promoted the adoption of certain traditional and cultural practices, which affected exclusive breastfeeding.
Hybrid frequency domain control for large flexible structures
Authors: Lang Xiaoyu , Damaren Christopher J , Cao Xibin
Published: November 2018

A hybrid finite frequency controller is proposed for the vibration suppression of a large flexible structure mounted with collocated sensors and actuators. The controller has passive characteristics at low frequencies and small gain characteristics at high frequencies. Compared with a strictly positive real controller based on the standard Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma, the hybrid finite frequency controller has less energy consumption but can obtain approximately identical performance. Furthermore, when the plant passivity is violated at high frequencies by noncollocation of sensors and actuators, the strictly positive real controller based on the Kalman–Yakubovich–Popov lemma is no longer able to attenuate the vibration of the large flexible structures, while the hybrid finite frequency controller is effective in suppressing the vibration and avoiding spillover instability. Simulation results are presented to validate the effectiveness of the hybrid finite frequency controller.
Adaptive fault-tolerant attitude control for reentry vehicle involving actuator saturation
Authors: Gao Ming-Zhou , Yao Jian-Yong
Published: November 2018

Many control methods are used in attitude control of reentry vehicle, such as optimal control and classical control methods. However, those control laws may not work effectively if the attitude system is confronted with actuator faults and saturation. This paper proposes an adaptive fault tolerant attitude control method for the reentry vehicle's attitude control system, by combining the radial basis function network technology with adaptive fault tolerant control method. We simultaneously considered actuator fault, actuator saturation, time varying unknown disturbances and uncertainties when designing the control method. First, we set up the reentry attitude dynamic model concerning actuator fault; second, a finite-time H∞ adaptive fault-tolerant attitude controller is introduced to deal with the actuator fault, saturation, unknown disturbances and uncertainties of the reentry vehicle system; we proved the stability of our proposed adaptive attitude fault-tolerant controller through the Lyapunov function and the linear matrix inequality method. Finally, the effectiveness of such adaptive fault-tolerant control method has been identified by numerous simulation results. The simulation results show that our proposed method can not only effectively deal with actuator fault in the attitude control system, but also has very good robustness for actuator saturation, time varying unknown disturbances and uncertainties.
Effect of rotor–stator axial spacing on the pressure-rise performance and flow field in an axial pump
Authors: Xu Han , Jin Donghai , Sun Dakun , Du Lin , Gui Xingmin , Sun Xiaofeng
Published: November 2018

In this paper, the effect of the rotor–stator axial spacing is investigated in an axial pump with the working fluid of water. The pressure-rise performance was tested at a range of flow rates. Results indicate that decreased axial spacing generates improved hydraulic head, especially when the flow rate is low. Particle image velocimetry measurement was performed and flow fields for five rotor phases were obtained in a low flow rate condition. Particle image velocimetry results demonstrate that the stator inlet flow is both affected by the wake of the rotor and the existence of the stator. As the axial spacing gets close, the incidence angle of the stator decreases and the flow separation on the suction side is restrained, and therefore the pressure rise ability is improved.
Materializing Dying: Art and Mattering
Authors: Thomson Jody
Published: November 2018

In this article, the author takes a post-anthropocentric (re)turn to matter and mattering, using art-making-as-inquiry to think-feel about the ways in which art and matter matters in end-of-life art therapy. Visual art-making and new materialist theories are entangled with(in) stories from clinical end-of-life art therapy practice, textually and texturally performing how it is to work with affect, vibrant matter, vulnerability, and death. It is based on a symposium presented by four researchers at the International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry in 2018 titled “Material Methods,” each mobilizing creative practices to think about death, and transformation.
Echoing Ghosts
Authors: Ban Youngkwan , Lee Jungwoo
Published: November 2018

This article is an autoethnodrama that explores the reminiscences by two authors’ immigration experiences as an international student and the dependent spouse. The story we will tell evokes how immigrant students’ adjustment requires an endless border-crossing that exists in geographical, cultural, and everyday-life levels. Indeed, while some agonies of international students were documented, the struggle of their family members, which would undergo even more troubling experience, has been less known to both public as well as academia. Moreover, by choosing the ethnodrama, the play seeks the possibility of empathetic engagement from the audience. With the dialogues based on spoken as well as unspoken performance, this script attempts to visualize the affective presence of the unseen, particularly the unfocalized immigration story of F-2, the spouse visa of international students, who calling themselves as “ghosts.”
Arterial stiffness and total cerebral small vessel disease score in community-dwelling older adults: Results from the Atahualpa Project
Authors: Del Brutto Oscar H , Mera Robertino M , Peñaherrera Rubén , Peñaherrera Ernesto , Zambrano Mauricio , Costa Aldo F
Published: November 2018

Information on the association between arterial stiffness and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is limited and confined to white and Asian populations. More regional information is needed to confirm this association in different ethnic groups. Using the Atahualpa Project cohort, we aimed to assess whether the aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) is associated with the total cSVD score, as well as with each of the neuroimaging signatures of cSVD, in a population of Amerindians living in rural Ecuador. Atahualpa residents aged ⩾ 60 years were offered a brain magnetic resonance imaging scan (MRI) and aortic PWV determination. An ordinal logistic regression model, adjusted for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors, was constructed to predict the total cSVD score by levels of aortic PWV. The association between the neuroimaging signatures of cSVD and the aortic PWV was assessed by adjusted logistic regression models. Of 437 candidates, 303 (69%) underwent a brain MRI and aortic PWV determinations. The total cSVD score was 0 points in 65% of individuals, 1 point in 18%, 2 points in 11%, and 3–4 points in 6%. The mean aortic PWV was 10.4 ± 1.8 m/s, which increased from 9.8 ± 1.2 to 12.3 ± 1.8 m/s in individuals with a cSVD score of 0 and 3–4, respectively ( p < 0.001). An ordinal logistic regression model showed significant association between the PWV and the cSVD score. A change of one unit of the aortic PWV increased the odds of having a higher total cSVD score by 1.73 (95% CI: 1.28–2.35; p < 0.001). In addition, individual neuroimaging signatures of cSVD, with the exception of lacunar infarcts, were associated with the aortic PWV. This study shows a significant association between the aortic PWV and total cSVD score and most of its individual components in older Amerindians.
The intrinsic prognostic value of the ankle–brachial index is independent from its mode of calculation
Authors: Le Bivic Louis , Magne Julien , Guy-Moyat Benoit , Wojtyna Hélène , Lacroix Philippe , Blossier Jean-David , Le Guyader Alexandre , Desormais Iléana , Aboyans Victor
Published: November 2018

The object of this study was to compare the prognostic value of different methods of ankle–brachial index (ABI) calculation. From April 1998 to September 2008, we calculated the ABI in 1223 patients before coronary artery bypass grafting. The ABI was calculated according to five different calculation modes of the numerator. The patients were classified into three groups: clinical peripheral artery disease (PAD), subclinical PAD if no clinical history but abnormal ABI (< 0.90 or > 1.40), and no PAD. The primary outcome was total mortality. During a follow-up of 7.6 years (0.1–15.9), 406 patients (33%) died. The prevalence of the subclinical PAD varied from 22% to 29% according to the different modes of ABI calculation. Areas under the ROC curve to predict mortality according to different calculation modes varied from 0.608 ± 0.020 to 0.625 ± 0.020 without significant differences. The optimal ABI threshold to predict mortality varied for every method, ranging from 0.87 to 0.95. In multivariate models, ABI was significantly and independently associated with total mortality (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.15–1.85, p = 0.002); however, this association was not significantly different between the various methods (HRs varying from 1.46 to 1.67). The use of the optimal ABI threshold for each calculation mode (rather than standard 0.90) allowed a slight improvement of the model. In conclusion, the ABI prognostic value to predict mortality is independent from its method of calculation. The use of different optimal thresholds for each method enables a comparable prognosis value.
An Open versus Traditional Psychology Textbook: Student Performance, Perceptions, and Use
Authors: Grissett Judy Orton , Huffman Charles
Published: November 2018

In the current study we examined students' course performance, perceptions, and self-reported use of an open textbook compared to a traditional publisher's textbook in an introductory psychology course. Sixty students from two course sections used either an open textbook or a traditional textbook. To minimize the effect of confounding variables, each section was taught by the same instructor, at the same time of day, using identical in-class materials, syllabi, and sequencing, on alternating days of the week. Course performance was measured by analyzing exam scores and final course grades. A 22-item survey was utilized at the end of the term to measure students' textbook perceptions and use. Findings revealed no significant differences in student course performance or textbook use across the two sections. Participants in both groups perceived cost, weight, and convenience as the biggest advantages of an open textbook and perceived ease of reading, convenience, ability to highlight and take notes, ability to quickly find a topic, and ability to keep as a reference as the biggest advantages of a traditional textbook. Finally, when asked to select which type of textbook they preferred, students in each section selected the textbook they were using. The implications of these findings are discussed.
Optimization of the dynamic stiffness of the seismic vibrator
Authors: Huang Zhiqiang , Peng Xun , Li Gang
Published: November 2018

Due to the sweep excitation of the vibrator, the dynamic stiffness of the seismic vibrator has an enormous influence on the performance of the vibroseis system and the accuracy of the output signal. In order to improve the dynamic stiffness of the vibrator, an optimization strategy is presented to improve the weak link which is defined by dynamic analysis of the vibrator. The weak link is the weakest part, which brings about the resonance, and the weak link in different excitation frequencies is identified by dynamic stiffness analysis in this method. A modified finite element model with reaction mass is built; harmonic response analysis and modal analysis are employed to find out the weak link of the vibrator, which indicates that the supporting column is the weakest component. Sensitivity analysis is used to determine the optimization parameters of the supporting column. Response surface model developed from a parametric finite element model is used to establish the objective function, and the mass is the constraint condition. The optimization problem is solved by particle swarm optimization, and the dynamic stiffness of the optimized vibrator is calculated by harmonic response model. Results show that compared with the original model, the natural frequency of the optimized vibrator is increased by 6.63% and the resonance peak is decreased by 9.00%.
What Modern Sports Competitions Can Tell Us About Human Nature
Authors: Furley Philip
Published: November 2018

To fully understand human behavior, it seems inevitable to approach it from an evolutionary perspective. However, much of human behavior has been overwritten by culture and society, thus allowing little insight into how it might have evolved amid natural and sexual selection. Here, I argue that sports competitions, although a cultural phenomenon in themselves, strip away many of the cultural layers and reveal more primary, rudimentary aspects of human behavior. Fortunately, because they are ubiquitous, meticulously recorded, and often quantified in great detail, sports competitions provide a plethora of usable data. In this article I provide an evolutionary account of the cross-cultural existence and popularity of sports by reviewing evidence of four functional hypotheses that regard the omnipresence of sports as a by-product of fitness-related adaptations (skill acquisition and development, status seeking, courtship display, and coalition formation). Then I outline how the growing body of sports data and documentation can be exploited for increasing our understanding of human nature (e.g., on conflict and cooperation, lateral preferences, territoriality, and nonverbal communication). The article concludes by giving guidelines for future cross-disciplinary research to advance the understanding of how evolution has shaped human behavior.
Pakistan Registry of Intensive CarE (PRICE): Expanding a lower middle-income, clinician-designed critical care registry in South Asia
Authors: Hashmi M , Beane A , Taqi A , Memon MI , Athapattu P , Khan Z , Dondorp AM , Haniffa R
Published: November 2018

Introduction

In resource-limited settings – with inequalities in access to and outcomes for trauma, surgical and critical care – intensive care registries are uncommon.

Aim

The Pakistan Society of Critical Care Medicine, Intensive Care Society (UK) and the Network for Improving Critical Care Systems and Training (NICST) aim to implement a clinician-led real-time national intensive care registry in Pakistan: the Pakistan Registry of Intensive CarE (PRICE).

Method

This was adapted from a successful clinician co-designed national registry in Sri Lanka; ICU information has been linked to real-time dashboards, providing clinicians and administrators individual patient and service delivery activity respectively.

Output

Commenced in August 2017, five ICU’s (three administrative regions – 104 beds) were recruited and have reported over 1100 critical care admissions to PRICE.

Impact and future

PRICE is being rolled out nationally in Pakistan and will provide continuous granular healthcare information necessary to empower clinicians to drive setting-specific priorities for service improvement and research.
New drug developments in metastatic gastric cancer
Authors: Tan Aaron C. , Chan David L. , Faisal Wasek , Pavlakis Nick
Published: November 2018

Metastatic gastric cancer is associated with a poor prognosis and novel treatment options are desperately needed. The development of targeted therapies heralded a new era for the management of metastatic gastric cancer, however results from clinical trials of numerous targeted agents have been mixed. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has yielded similar promise and results from early trials are encouraging. This review provides an overview of the systemic treatment options evaluated in metastatic gastric cancer, with a focus on recent evidence from clinical trials for targeted therapies and immune checkpoint inhibitors. The failure to identify appropriate predictive biomarkers has hampered the success of many targeted therapies in gastric cancer, and a deeper understanding of specific molecular subtypes and genomic alterations may allow for more precision in the application of novel therapies. Identifying appropriate biomarkers for patient selection is essential for future clinical trials, for the most effective use of novel agents and in combination approaches to account for growing complexity of treatment options.
Effect of Pain Severity on Executive Function Decline in Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Murata Shunsuke , Nakakubo Sho , Isa Tsunenori , Tsuboi Yamato , Torizawa Kohtaroh , Fukuta Akimasa , Okumura Maho , Matsuda Naoka , Ono Rei
Published: November 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the reciprocal relationship between pain severity and executive function in community-dwelling older adults. Method: In this prospective cohort study, 64 Japanese community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years or older (mean age 72.8 years; women, 68.8%) were analyzed. Pain severity was assessed by self-reported questionnaire while executive function was assessed by the Trail Making Test at baseline and at 1-year follow-up assessment. A mixed effect model was conducted to analyze the effect of baseline executive function on change in pain severity and effect of baseline pain severity on change in executive function. Results: The effect of baseline Trail Making Test on change in pain severity was not significant. On the contrary, the effect of high baseline pain severity on the decline in set shifting (Trail Making Test Part B) was significant even after adjustment with age, sex, years of education, depressive symptoms, and analgesic drug use. Conclusion: Higher baseline pain severity was associated with greater executive function decline in community-dwelling older adults. Executive function decline due to severe pain should be considered as well as pain itself.
Patient Preferred and Perceived Control in Dental Care Decision Making
Authors: Reissmann D.R. , Bellows J.C. , Kasper J.
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Shared decision making is increasingly considered the most desirable model for making decisions in medical and dental settings. It supports patients by empowering them to play an active role in the decision-making process. However, dental patients’ involvement needs and perceptions have not yet been sufficiently assessed.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to assess patients’ preferred roles in decision making for a range of dental treatments and whether patients’ preferences are being met.

Methods:

Based on a cross-sectional study design, dental patients’ autonomy preferences and actual perceived roles were surveyed in the context of existing dental appointments in a consecutive sample of 101 adult dental patients (aged 20 to 79 y). The questionnaire for the assessment of patient preferred and perceived roles in dental decision making consisted of 14 items, each representing a decision in the broad spectrum of preventive and restorative dental treatment planning, and was administered before the dental appointment and immediately afterward. Responses for each item were indicated on an ordinal 5-point scale, which was adapted from the Control Preference Scale. Differences in overall levels of control and responses for each decision were tested for statistical significance per the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test. Furthermore, a multilevel mixed effects linear regression model was computed.

Results:

Patients rated their preferred role in decision making more active and involved than their perceived role. This effect was observed and statistically significant ( P < 0.05) for 11 of 14 treatment decisions. Perceived roles (follow-up) matched the preferred roles (baseline) for less than half of patients. None of the sociodemographic characteristics had a substantial statistical effect on whether perceived roles matched the preferred roles.

Conclusion:

Dental patients’ perceived roles in decision making do not meet their preferences. Dentists should allow and encourage their patients to be more active in decision making.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Since dental patients’ perceived roles in decision making do not meet their preferences, clinicians should encourage and enable their dental patients to fulfill the role in decision making that they prefer. This may help in the future to not only fulfill the right of patients to be informed but also empower them to play an active role in the decision-making process and reduce the risk of decisional conflicts.
High Plaque Levels after Thorough Toothbrushing: What Impedes Efficacy?
Authors: Ebel S. , Blättermann H. , Weik U. , Margraf-Stiksrud J. , Deinzer R.
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

Previous studies have shown high levels of dental plaque after toothbrushing and poor toothbrushing performance. There is a lack of evidence about what oral hygiene behavior predicts persistent plaque. The present cross-sectional study thus relates toothbrushing behavior to oral cleanliness after brushing and to gingivitis.

Methods:

All young adults from a central town in Germany who turned 18 y old in the year prior to the examination were invited to participate in the study. They were asked to clean their teeth to their best abilities while being filmed. Videos were analyzed regarding brushing movements (vertical, circular, horizontal, modified Bass technique) and evenness of distribution of brushing time across vestibular (labial/buccal) and palatinal (lingual/palatinal) surfaces. Dental status, gingival bleeding, and oral cleanliness after oral hygiene were assessed.

Results:

Ninety-eight young adults participated in the study. Gingival margins showed persistent plaque at 69.48% ± 12.31% sites (mean ± SD) after participants brushed to their best abilities. Regression analyses with the brushing movements and evenness of distribution of brushing time as predictors explained 15.2% (adjusted R2 = 0.152, P = 0.001) of the variance in marginal plaque and 19.4% (adjusted R2 = 0.194, P < 0.001) of the variance in bleeding. Evenness of distribution of brushing time was the most important behavioral predictor.

Conclusion:

Even when asked to perform optimal oral hygiene, young German adults distributed their brushing time across surfaces unevenly. Compared with brushing movements, this factor turned out to be of more significance when explaining the variance of plaque and bleeding.

Knowledge Transfer Statement:

Results of this study can help clinicians and patients understand the meaning of specific behavioral aspects of toothbrushing for oral cleanliness and oral health.
Elective uterine artery embolization prior to laparoscopic resection of interstitial pregnancy: two cases and literature review
Authors: Verbeeck Iris , Donders Francesca , Buyck Pieter-Jan , Timmerman Dirk , Van Holsbeeck Andries , Cornelissen Sandra A , Van Rompuy Anne-Sophie , Van den Haute Lien , Gordts Sylvie , Tomassetti Carla , Deprest Jan
Published: November 2018

Background

Interstitial pregnancies (IP) can be treated medically or surgically. The most common complication remains hemorrhage. The risk of that may be reduced by elective uterine artery embolization (UAE) prior to surgery, which we applied in two consecutive cases with high vascularization on ultrasound. We also reviewed larger series (n ≥ 10) on medical as well as surgical management of IP on success and complication rates and reviewed the entire literature on UAE.

Results

A gravida 5 (two ectopic pregnancies treated by salpingectomy) para 1 (cesarean section complicated by a niche, earlier repaired) presented with an asymptomatic IP. Primary treatment consisted of systemic methotrexate (MTX). Because of raising β-hCG and persisting heart activity 1 week later, she was referred for surgery (β-hCG = 59,000 IU/L; CRL = 10.5 mm). Another gravida 5 para 3 presented with an asymptomatic evolutive IP on dating ultrasound. Because of the size (CRL = 24.5 mm), thin overlaying myometrium, and high β-hCG (121,758 IU/L), we opted for primary surgery. Both IPs were highly vascularized with high flow rates. To prevent bleeding, a bilateral UAE was performed. The surgery was nearly bloodless.

In the literature, a wide range of treatment regimens for IP is reported. Larger series report a success rate of 76% for primary systemic MTX, 88% for primary local medical treatment, and 94% for primary surgery. It was not possible to determine reliable hemorrhage or rupture rates following MTX administration. As to laparoscopic surgery, the blood transfusion rate for bleeding was 9% while the conversion rate for hemorrhage was 2%. The use of UAE to reduce the risk for hemorrhage before (n = 2) or after (n = 19) MTX administration was reported in 21 cases. This failed in two cases (90% success rate), and one patient required transfusion (5%). Two cases treated with UAE and primary surgery were reported, yet the exact indication for embolization was not elaborated. Alternative hemostatic techniques during surgical management have been proposed to reduce blood loss and operating time, yet individual outcomes were not identifiable.

Conclusion

We report on the use of elective UAE prior to laparoscopic resection of IP, because of signs of strong vascularization on ultrasound. This strategy coincided with a nearly bloodless operation. Literature review suggests that this is one of the effective methods to reduce blood loss intra-operatively.
Total laparoscopic hysterectomy for benign disease: outcomes and literature analysis
Authors: Mereu Liliana , Carlin Roberta , Pellegrini Alice , Guasina Francesca , Berlanda Valeria , Tateo Saverio
Published: November 2018

Objective

To analyze surgical outcomes of total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH) for benign disease.

Methods

Retrospective analysis of 361 consecutive cases, prospectively collected from January 2012 to June 2016, of women who underwent TLH in St. Chiara Hospital in Trento, Italy. Clinical, demographic, surgical, and intra and perioperative data were recorded. Complications were graded on the Clavien-Dindo morbidity scale. Data were compared with literature. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (SPSS Chicago, IL).

Findings

Main indication for TLH was uterine fibromatosis (78.6%). Mean uterine size was 327 ± 249 g (range 30–1800 g). Mean operating time was 115 ± 36 min. No laparotomy conversion occurred. Mean length of hospital stay was 2.6 ± 1.1 days (range 1–12 days).

Complications requiring surgical intervention in general anesthesia occurred in 3 patients (0.8%): 1 (0.3%) hydroureteronephrosis, 1 (0.3%) bowel adhesions, and 1 (0.3%) port side hernia; complication requiring surgical intervention without general anesthesia occurred in 6 patients (1.6%): 2 (0.6%) hydroureteronephrosis, 1 (0.3%) vaginal cuff dehiscence, and 3 (0.8%) vaginal cuff bleeding.

Conclusions

Total laparoscopic hysterectomy is a procedure with a low incidence of complications. Our data compare favorably with the data of the other listed studies.
Predicting Fatality Rates Due to Earthquakes Accounting for Community Vulnerability
Authors: Wang Yi (Victor) , Gardoni Paolo , Murphy Colleen , Guerrier Stéphane
Published: November 2018

The existing prediction models for earthquake fatalities usually require a detailed building inventory that might not be readily available. In addition, existing models tend to overlook the socioeconomic characteristics of communities of interest as well as zero-fatality data points. This paper presents a methodology that develops a probabilistic zero-inflated beta regression model to predict earthquake fatality rates given the geographic distributions of earthquake intensities with data reflecting community vulnerability. As an illustration, the prediction model is calibrated using fatality data from 61 earthquakes affecting Taiwan from 1999 to 2016, as well as information on the socioeconomic and environmental characteristics of the affected communities. Using a local seismic hazard map, the calibrated prediction model is used in a seismic risk analysis for Taiwan that predicts the expected fatality rates and counts caused by earthquakes in future years.
A Case Report of an Inadvertent Placement of Tracheostomy Tube Into the Pharynx After Emergency Tracheostomy: Management of a Failed Surgical Airway
Authors: Awad Motaz , Yaghoubian Saman
Published: November 2018

Inadvertent placement of a tracheostomy tube through the stoma with the distal tip cephalad in the pharynx is an unusual but potentially devastating complication. Previously reported only once in the literature, its occurrence is not well known. There are several causes of ineffective ventilation after an emergency surgical airway, and an incorrectly placed tracheostomy tube is a differential diagnosis to consider. Prompt identification of this rare complication is essential because the consequences can be fatal. We present a case describing the inadvertent insertion of a tracheostomy tube into the pharynx during emergency tracheostomy and its subsequent management.
Learning from the radiological findings of dropped gall stone and/or appendicolith (its complication and management strategy)
Authors: Jamil Yasir , Reading Dr Nicholas
Published: November 2018

This case report the patient presented with intra-abdominal abscess with the past surgical history of laparoscopic cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Being a radiologist, it is important to keep patient’s previous surgical interventions in mind as it can change the management options.
Ο πύργος στο Πιτυός της Χίου
Authors: Μισαηλίδου (Missailidis) Αννα (Anna) Γεωργίου (George)
Published: November 2018

Στη βορειοανατολική Χίο βρίσκεται ο πύργος του Πιτυούς που είχε σημαντική στρατηγική θέση στο οχυρωματικό δίκτυο της γενουατοκρατίας, διότι επόπτευε τόσο αγροτικές όσο και στρατιωτικές θέσεις. Το Πιτυός ήταν έδρα castellanusκαι είχε το μονοπώλιο παραγωγής πίσσας από τερεβινθίνη, που χρησιμοποιούνταν ως υγρομονωτικό υλικό για πλοία και στέγες. Στον πύργο εντοπίζονται τρεις κατασκευαστικές φάσεις, που ανάγονται από τα ύστερα βυζαντινά χρόνια έως και τον πρώιμο 16ο αιώνα. Η κεραμική και τα νομίσματα που εντοπίστηκαν χρονολογούνται στην ίδια περίοδο.
Early Christian architecture as a source of inspiration for eleventh century churches on the aegean islands
Authors: ASLANIDIS Klimis
Published: November 2018

Some churches on small Aegean islands demonstrate an effort to revive Early Christian architecture. Hagios Mamas near Potamia on Naxos and the church of the Episkopi on Santorini are inspired by known sixth-century churches. A similar trend is evident in the church of Hagioi Apostoloi at Argos on Kalymnos. This attempt is characteristic of the ideology of the era, but is limited to few examples, not succeeding in changing the local expression of architecture.
Η τυπολογία των συνεπτυγμένων Αθωνικών ναών στο Πήλιο κατα την όψιμη Τουρκοκρατία (1700-1881)
Authors: ΠΟΛΥΒΙΟΥ (Miltiadis POLIVIOU) Μιλτιάδης
Published: November 2018

Οι οκτώ τρουλαίοι ναοί με πλευρικές κόγχες, που οικοδομήθηκαν στο Πήλιο κατά την όψιμη τουρκοκρατία, τυπολογικά ανήκουν στην πιο συνεπτυγμένη μορφή του αθωνικού τύπου. Είναι όλοι καθολικά μικρών μοναστηριών και η οικοδόμησή τους έγινε από το 1775 ώς το 1818, την περίοδο δηλαδή κατά την οποία κορυφώνεται η ακμή του τόπου. Στο άρθρο γίνεται προσπάθεια να ανιχνευθεί η δημιουργία της συγκεκριμένης μορφής του αθωνικού τύπου και να προσδιοριστούν οι αιτίες για τις οποίες στο Πήλιο της εποχής απαντάται μόνον η παραλλαγή αυτή.
Διορθώσεις και νέες αναγνώσεις κτητορικών επιγραφών σε ναούς του εργαστηρίου του κρητικού ζωγράφου Ιωάννου Παγωμένου (πρώτο μισό του 14ου αιώνα)
Authors: ΙΩΑΝΝΙΔΟΥ (Theodora IOANNIDOU) Θεοδώρα
Published: November 2018

Στο άρθρο επιχειρείται η διόρθωση και η εκ νέου ανάγνωση γνωστών, ή μη, κτητορικών επιγραφών στους εξής ναούς των επαρχιών Σελίνου και Κισσάμου: Αγίου Δημητρίου Λειβαδά (1315/16, όνομα αγνώστου ζωγράφου, υπό τον οποίον εργάζεται ο Παγωμένος), Αγίου Ιωάννου Θεολόγου Τραχινιάκου Καντάνου (1329, αποσαφήνιση των δύο φάσεων της επιγραφής), Αγίου Γεωργίου Τσάρκου στο Προδρόμι (1337/38), Παναγίας στο Κάδρος (1338/39, χρονολόγηση ναού), ΑγίουΙωάννου Θεολόγου Καλάμου (1340, χρονολόγηση ναού), Αρχαγγέλου Μιχαήλ στη Βάθη (Κούνενι) (1336/ 37, χρονολόγηση και ανάγνωση υπογραφών «Παγωμένου καὶ τοῦ υἰοῦ αὐτοῦ Νικολάου»).
Η λατρευτική εικόνα του πρωτομάρτυρα Στέφανου στη μονή του Σινά
Authors: ΑΣΠΡΑ-ΒΑΡΔΑΒΑΚΗ (Mary ASPRA-VARDAVAKI) Μαίρη
Published: November 2018

Η εντυπωσιακή εικόνα του πρωτομάρτυρα Στεφάνου, με διαστάσεις 96,8×63,8 εκ., είναι τοποθετημένη στον νότιο τοίχο του ομώνυμου παρεκκλησίου που υπάρχει στον περίβολο της μονής του Σινά. Ο άγιος παριστάνεται μετωπικός με την ενδυμασία του διακόνου, κρατώντας με το δεξί χέρι το θυμιατό και με το αριστερό την πυξίδα πάνω σε ένσταυρο μακρύ μανδήλιο. Από άποψη εικονογραφική και τεχνοτροπική η εικόνα παρουσιάζει ομοιότητες με εικόνες της μονής των αρχών του 13ου αιώνα, οι οποίες επιτρέπουν τη χρονολόγησή της την ίδια εποχή καθώς και την απόδοσή της στο ίδιο εργαστήριο με εκείνο της βιογραφικής εικόνας του αγίου Γεωργίου.
Τρίπτυχο με την παράσταση της Παναγίας Ρόδον το Αμάραντον και Αγίων
Authors: ΠΑΝΣΕΛΗΝΟΥ (Nafsika PANSELINOU) Ναυσικά
Published: November 2018

Το έργο είναι ζωγραφισμένο με αυγοτέμπερα σε προετοιμασία με ξύλινο υπόστρωμα και χρονολογείται με επιγραφή τον 18ο αιώνα. Αποτελεί κειμήλιο προσφυγικής ελληνικής οικογένειας που κατάγεται από την Καππαδοκία και έζησε στο Adapazarı, κοντά στην Κωνσταντινούπολη. Στο κεντρικό τμήμα του τριπτύχου εικονίζεται η Παναγία σε προτομή, στον τύπο του Ρόδου του Αμάραντου, και στα φύλλα άγιοι. Η τεχνοτροπία είναι δυτική ως προς το πλάσιμο των μορφών, αλλά ο ζωγραφικός χώρος διαρθρώνεται σύμφωνα με τη βυζαντινή παράδοση και αισθητική.
Μυρτάλη Αχειμάστου-Ποταμιάνου, Οἰ τοιχογραφίες τοῦ ἔτους 1414 στὴ μονὴ τῆς Ἁγίας Παρασκευῆς τοῦ Βίκου στὸ Ζαγόρι τῆς Ἠπείρου
Authors: ΣΤΑΥΡΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ (Aggeliki Stavropoulou) Αγγελική
Published: November 2018

Παρουσίαση βιβλίουΜυρτάλη Αχειμάστου-Ποταμιάνου, Οἰ τοιχογραφίες τοῦ ἔτους 1414 στὴ μονὴ τῆς Ἁγίας Παρασκευῆς τοῦ Βίκου στὸ Ζαγόρι τῆς Ἠπείρου, Ακαδημία Αθηνών ‒ Κέντρο Έρευνας της Βυζαντινής και Μεταβυζαντινής Τέχνης, Αθήνα 2017, 176 σ., 62 σχέδια και έγχρωμες και ασπρόμαυρες εικόνες εντός κειμένουΕυρετήρια (σ. 172-176). 29×21 εκ. ISBN: 978-960-404-330-9
ANÁLISE DAS SEQUÊNCIAS ARGUMENTATIVAS PROTOTÍPICAS PRODUZIDAS POR ALUNOS DO ENSINO MÉDIO
Authors: Assis Eleone Ferraz de , Martins da Costa Gomes Fernanda
Published: November 2018

Este artigo apresenta uma análise das sequências textuais prototípicas dos gêneros argumentativos produzidos pelos alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Médio na disciplina de Língua Portuguesa. Verifica-se como as sequências argumentativas prototípicas estão organizadas nos textos dos alunos que estão concluindo a educação básica. Para tanto, o estudo fundamenta-se nos apontamentos teóricos de Bakhtin (2010 [1992]), Adam (2005, 2008), Bezerra (2009), Marcuschi (2002, 2008), Rojo (2005), Motta-Roth (MOTTA-ROTH; HEBERLE, 2005), Bonini (2005), Brait (2000), Rodrigues (2005), PCN (BRASIL, 2000) e PCN+ (BRASIL, 2002). Em uma investigação mais ampla, em curso, propõe-se analisar os gêneros textuais e descrever as sequências textuais argumentativas prototípicas, com o intuito de preencher lacunas existentes, sobretudo no estudo dos gêneros textuais argumentativos, e apontar caminhos teórico-metodológicos para o ensino de produção textual.
Acceptance of kangaroo mother care by mothers of premature babies
Authors: Kampekete Gertrude Sibuchi M , Ngoma Catherine , Masumo Maureen
Published: November 2018

Background:

Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is a low-cost method of care for premature infants in areas with inadequate incubators and/or power outages. Assessing mothers' acceptance of KMC will help in the scale-up of interventions.

Aims:

To investigate factors that influence the acceptance of KMC in the care of premature babies at University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional analytical design using a mixed approach, conducted at the University Teaching Hospital in Zambia. A total of 60 mothers and 5 key informants made up the participants.

Findings:

Overall, 60% of women found KMC acceptable and were able to practise continuously, in spite of not having prior knowledge of KMC. The longest-serving key informant at the KMC unit had served for 2 years, and 3 of the 5 informants had not received any training on KMC.

Conclusions:

Mothers accepted KMC after they were given information and education through good communication.
Wielopłaszczyznowy charakter lekcji języka obcego
Authors: Siek-Piskozub Teresa , Wach Aleksandra
Published: November 2018

A foreign language lesson is an interesting and complex event, with a specific structure, social roles ascribed to the participants, and a set of relevant objectives which it aims to fulfill as part of a certain teaching methodology. Following the various perspectives on a lesson which were identified by Prabhu1, the article aims to emphasize the multidimensional nature of a foreign language lesson. Therefore, a lesson is scrutinized as a basic unit of a syllabus, as a way of operationalizing a teaching method, as a social event, as a scene of social interaction, and as an experience fostering the development of teachers’ competence.