bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acciones jurídicas en un cabildo catedralicio: Los racioneros en defensa de su posición social frente al maestro de capilla
Authors: Gómez Pintor Mª Asunción
Published: January 2019

En el momento de máximo apogeo de la Catedral de Falencia, a finales del siglo xvi, se produce en su interior un importante conflicto que afecta a su capilla musical y se eleva al ámbito de lo judicial. La llegada de un nuevo maestro de capilla con la solicitud de especiales privilegios provoca una auténtica revolución en el interior del cabildo: los racioneros ven herido su orgullo ante el agravio comparativo que supondría dar al maestro lo que solicitaba, por lo que se levantan en una fuerte e impresionante protesta. Las complicaciones de este proceso desbordan los límites de las competencias del cabildo, se suceden los enfrentamientos entre el maestro de capilla y los racioneros y se tramitan procesos notariales y requerimientos judiciales. La intención del cabildo de evitar un pleito y del obispo por tratar de impedir que este conflicto trascienda a la Chancillería hacen que se trate de solucionar el problema por vía de concordia. La autoridad de las instituciones queda en algunos momentos en entredicho. Tras largos pleitos y negociaciones judiciales y tras aplacar los ánimos de los racioneros, el maestro de capilla se incorpora a su puesto en esta catedral.
Un acercamiento a Manuel Manrique de Lara
Authors: Iberni Luis G.
Published: January 2019

El compositor, crítico y folclorista Manuel Manrique de Lara (1863-1929) es figura desconocida dentro del campo de la musicología española. Hasta el momento no había conocido ninguna monografía y, todavía, quedan muchos aspectos de su intensa vida que duermen en los archivos. Sin embargo, su peso en nuestra historia es destacado. Defensor de la corriente wagnerista, fue uno de los introductores de la obra de Richard Strauss en España, a través de la críticas para los medios de comunicación madrileños. Único alumno de Ruperto Chapí, su obra creativa fue interpretada por las formaciones de su época y estimada por los críticos. Su labor como investigador del folclore de inspiración hispana, a las órdenes de Menéndez Pidal, fue fundamental para la recopilación del Romancero Sefardí. En este trabajo exponemos las aportaciones más señaladas de Manrique de Lara, destacando su apartado crítico, donde se refleja el mundo de la música del Madrid de principios de siglo.
Tradición oral e investigación. Reestudio de un trabajo de campo
Authors: Asensio Llamas Susana
Published: January 2019

Se ha discutido muchas veces en ciencias sociales sobre la importancia de especificar la posición desde la que habla/escribe el investigador, desde Lévi-Strauss en Le penseé sauvage o Anthropologie Structurale, hasta James Clifford en Writting Cultures. Esta discusión responde a las diversas dudas epistemológicas que surgen tanto de la constatación de la subjetividad en la observación (posiciones dinámicas del observador y de los actores, desplazamientos...), como de la necesidad de clarificar el proceso de «traducción»: unos actores de una cultura son estudiados por investigadores de otras culturas, y sus pensamientos traducidos según el lenguaje de ciertas disciplinas. La «autoridad etnográfica» es así un sujeto más de discusión. Estas discusiones, plenamente vigentes en antropología, no siempre se han aplicado en otras disciplinas. En etnomusicología, se hacen especialmente urgentes cuando se trata de examinar críticamente desde una perspectiva diacrónica las distintas investigaciones sobre las músicas tradicionales.
Alguns aspectes de l'evolució del digitat des del segle XVI al XVIII
Authors: Cortada Maria Lluïsa
Published: January 2019

Starting from the theoretical works of Juan Bermudo Declaración de Instrumentos musicales (1555) and Tomás de Santa María Libro llamado Arte de tañer Fantasía (1565), we can appreciate the fingering evolution in the keyboard instruments. The influence of the iberian sources from the sixteenth century spreads to the late eighteenth century theorists C. Ph. E. Bach and Wilhelm Marpurg.
"Pausa"
Authors: Göllner Theodor
Published: January 2019

In medieval theory the word Pausa is used to designate the cessation of tone or the «missing voice» (Franco of Cologne: «vox amissa»). This meaning, derived from vocal music, has persisted to the present day as «Pause» in both English and German. The word Pausa was, however, used in quite a different sense in German organ music of the 15^ century, where it referred to notes played at the end of passages or of entire pieces, that is, to a continuation of activity over the prolonged final note of the tenor. The keyboard Pausa, which can still be found in Bach's Chorale settings, where it often refers back to the beginning of the piece, is investigated from two different points of view in the present article. On the one hand specific examples, chosen from the history of the Pausa-ending, are discussed, and on the other. Pausa is used in a figurative sense as title for a farewell lecture, which indicates a caesura and calls for re-evaluation of my own previous research. The article is thus not merely about the Pausa, it must also be understood as a kind of Pausa in its own right. In this way it attempts to shed light on the changing relationship between vocal and instrumental music, from the earliest forms of polyphony to Bach and Beethoven, with particular attention to vocal and language related elements within instrumental music.
De monjas y tropos. Música tardomedieval en un convento mallorquín
Authors: Gutiérrez Carmen Julia
Published: January 2019

Un manuscrito litúrgico-musical de un convento femenino de Palma de Mallorca escrito en época tardomedieval contiene un rico repertorio de piezas inéditas y numerosas peculiaridades. Se alternan en él piezas de la liturgia monacal escritas tanto en canto llano como en notación mensural, se incluye repertorio monódico mensural del siglo XIV, polifonía de la misma época, un gran número de tropos y algunas obras latinas con repeticiones musicales que las aproximan a las laude latinas, así como canciones insertas dentro de la liturgia de la misa que podrían considerarse de danza. Estas y otras piezas indican una fuerte relación de este manuscrito con fuentes contemporáneas italianas. Además en el manuscrito de Palma aparecen numerosas indicaciones sobre la interpretación de las piezas que nos aportan interesantes datos sobre el canto en los conventos de monjas de la época.
Beispiele zyklischer Elemente in mehrstimmigen Lamentationen des 16. und frühen 17. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Ring Johannes
Published: January 2019

There are two meanings for the terminology cyclic lamentations {Lamemtationes Jeremiae Prophetae): the liturgical cyclus combinâtes lections - number and the textportions of the lections differ by changing time and regions. But the focus of this essay lies on the musical cyclus. Returning musical sets or particels of sets will serve to structure and to attach the lamentation. Examples from the late 15th century show lamentations in a simple strophic form with strong orientation on cantus planus (tonus lamentationum). During the 16th century more elaborated cyclic forms had been composed - returning musical sets became paraphrased. They structure the musical cyclus while returning Jerusalem-sets have the function of a refrain. Cyclic elements are specific to the form of the lamentations. Many composers used them in a individual manner.
Villancicos que se cantaron. Consideraciones analíticas sobre el villancico del siglo XVI
Authors: Cabero Pueyo Bernat
Published: January 2019

Sobre al análisis de dos villancicos de Juan del Enzina (Más vale trocar y Amor con fortuna) el autor expone algunas de las características más esenciales del villancico musical del siglo XVI y su correlación con la obra poética. Especial atención merece el esboce de un esquema de interdependencias entre la estructura musical y la composición poética, el cual implica la discusión de uno de los temas más vastos del villancico: el problema de la simetría entre las tendencias asimétricas del lenguaje y aquellas simétricas de la música.
Felipe II y Felipe III como patronos musicales
Authors: Robledo Luis
Published: January 2019

Se hace una reflexión sobre el concepto de patronazgo musical y sobre el alcance del mismo en el entorno cortesano español de la monarquía Habsburgo tomando en consideración los diferentes estamentos institucionales y los ambientes sonoros que ellos conforman. A través de la interrelación entre dicho entorno y la figura del monarca, dos diferentes modelos de patronazgo aparecen: a) el de Felipe II, sin un interés personal marcado, pero muy atento al marco institucional, y cuya actitud sienta las bases de organización musical de la corte española; b) el de Felipe III, implicado personalmente en la actividad musical, lo que hace que la institución se acomode a los gustos del monarca y sea redefinida en función de ellos.
La capilla de música de la Catedral de Segorbe en el siglo XVIII
Authors: Capdepón Verdú Paulino
Published: January 2019

Junto a las catedrales de Valencia y Orihuela y el Seminario del Corpus Christi de Valencia, la Catedral de Segorbe constituye uno de los principales centros musicales de la Comunidad Valenciana. En este artículo se estudia a modo de introducción el origen de la diócesis, sus dificultades para asentarse y por último, su estructura administrativa y los principales cargos eclesiásticos. Tras esta introducción, se analiza la actividad musical de los maestros que ejercieron el magisterio de capilla en dicha catedral durante el siglo XVIII (Mateo Peñalba, Onofre Molina, José Conejos Ortells, José Gil Pérez, Francisco Vives, Vicente Olmos, José Gavaldá, Joaquín López, José Morata y José Gil). Destaca la importancia de Valencia como centro de formación para los músicos de Segorbe, y en algunos casos como objetivo final de su carrera profesional. Para ello nos basamos en diferente documentación conservada en la Catedral, que sin embargo ofrece algunas lagunas ya que parte de las actas capitulares se perdieron durante la Guerra Civil española.
El Proyecto de arreglo para la orquesta del teatro de Barcelona: Nuevos parámetros para el análisis de la actividad musical
Authors: Cortés Francesc
Published: January 2019

En 1838 los músicos de la orquesta del teatro de la Santa Creu de Barcelona reformaron y buscaron la estabilización de la orquesta. Entre las finalidades a que obedecía el proyecto, buscaban mejorar su nivel, garantizar la estabilidad de sus miembros y crear una caja de socorros mutuos para posibilitar la jubilación. Esta iniciativa, una de las primeras que se registran en nuestro siglo XIX, surgió ante la urgente necesidad de paliar la situación comprometida en que se encontraban la mayoría de músicos seglares, al haber perdido sus ocupaciones en las capillas de música como consecuencia del proceso desamortizador del 1835. La documentación aportada permite reconstruir el funcionamiento de una orquesta de teatro, reconsiderar el modelo orquestal y trazar su evolución.
Guitare portuguaise et fado
Authors: Caufriez Anne
Published: January 2019

The fado is a love and nostalgie song which was born in the poor neighbourhoods of Lisbon, between the 18th and the 19th century. Since the 19th century, the instrument called Portuguese guitar (with plucked and strummed strings) usually accompanies the fado. It is a six-course guitar, where the table has a sound-hole and the fingerboard presents from 17 to 22 frets and a fanshaped upper end. This guitar is coming from the classical cittern in his late evolution of the 17th century, the cittern called English guitar. The Portuguese Galráo and the British Simpson bring to the instrument successive modifications. The Portuguese guitar reached the countryside to become a dance instrument. In the 19th century, the singer called A Severa incarnates the big national myth of the fado. Daughter of one of the poorest neighboorhood of Lisbon, she was working in a "closed house" of the Mauraria (a neighbourhood of Lisbon). This talentuous singer was also linked to the circle of the bull courses (on a bourse) which the Lord Vimioso, in love with her, was the symbolic représentant. Julia Florista or A Cesarla are also among the famous figures of the femúe fado. The male fadist of that time was described like a social parasite who is living by one's wits. Later, he will live from small professions. At the end of the 19th century, the fado is sung in the kitchen-garden of Lisbon, along the roads followed by the bulls going to the arenas. It becomes a recreation song for banquets and weddings. Some very known singers and guitarists are Antonio Casaca, Caetano Calcinhas, Joáo Black. The golden period of the fado is situated around 1930-50. Since the thirties, the fado will slowly loose his instantaneous and spontaneous carácter for the professionalism, encouraged by the radio. It becomes a scenic song which Amalia Rodrigues and Alfredo Marceneiro are the more famous représentants.
La antropología musical: informe sobre sus objetivos y trabajos de investigación
Authors: Suppan Wolfgang
Published: January 2019

Desde 1951 en que el filósofo alemán Hans Plessner publicó su artículo «Anthropology of Music», se ha intentado descubrir desde diferentes disciplinas cómo se interrelacionan el ser humano y la música. Los libros Sound and Symbol (1956) y Man the Musician (1973) de Viktor Zuckerkandl, Anthropology of Music (1964) de Alan B. Merriam, How Musical is Man? de John Blacking (1973), Der musizierende Mensch. Eine Anthropologie der Musik (1984) y Música humana (1986) de Wolfgang Suppan constituyen los pasos más importantes hacia una nueva e interdisciplinaria ciencia de la música. Pero el pensar sobre la necesidad de la música por parte del hombre y la sociedad aparece ya en las antiguas filosofías de China y Grecia. Nuestro estudio y repaso bibliográfico sobre el desarrollo de la investigación antropológico-musical toma asimismo en consideración al jesuíta español P. Antonio Eximeno y Pujades, quien en el siglo XVIII publicó en sus poco conocidos libros importantes ideas sobre nuestra temática.
Poetic Line and Musical Structure in the 13th-century Motet
Authors: Martínez-Góllner Marie Louise
Published: January 2019

The examination of early two-voice motets reveals the prominence of the seven- (or eight-) syllable line in the poems. When declaimed in the usual manner, i.e. syllabically, in either the first or second rhythmic mode, this verse conforms to a time frame of two double Longs (or two modern measures in % meter). The different tenor patterns which are combined with these upper voices conform to the same time frame, producing a norm in which the two voices coincide at regular intervals. Departures from this norm produce overlapping of the two voices in the interests of variety. Of most use in explaining this phenomenon, however, are, not the 13th-century treatises on music, but rather those which deal with the new "rhythmic" poetry of the time.
Del modo de cantar con letra el canto de órgano
Authors: Lambea Mariano
Published: January 2019

Dentro de la amplia problemática que suscita la aplicación del texto literario a la música con vistas a una correcta interpretación musical, el trabajo estudia y analiza, mediante ejemplos musicales, un aspecto concreto observable en algunas composiciones con textos en lengua española del siglo XVII. Dicho aspecto se refiere a aquellas piezas que presentan una única línea melódica para varios textos poéticos, teniendo en cuenta sus dos posibilidades de escritura: 1) la misma melodía escrita una sola vez para varios textos; 2) la misma melodía escrita cada vez para cada texto. Con el fin de ilustrar la primera posibilidad, que es la que interesa especialmente, se recurre al testimonio del teórico Pablo Nassarre (Escuela música...,1724), en el que se contempla la responsabilidad que debe asumir el cantor para interpretar con habilidad la melodía, ajustándola a la acentuación de las palabras.
Isabel Colbran: una soprano española en el mundo de Gioachino Rossini
Authors: Heilbron Ferrer Marc
Published: January 2019

El nombre de la soprano española Isabel Colbran (1784-1845) permanece ligado al de Gioachino Rossini de quien estrenó diez óperas y tres cantatas y con el que contrajo matrimonio en 1822. La primera parte de este artículo resume los rasgos esenciales de su biografía. En la segunda, se apuntan las características distintivas de su vocalidad, incidiendo sobre la siempre problemática cuestión de la clasificación vocal de su voz. Finalmente se resumen los rasgos esenciales de su personalidad artística, incluyendo sus composiciones. El objetivo global es hacer una aportación en el terreno del estudio de la práctica teatral de la ópera italiana en la primera mitad del siglo XIX.
Manuel de Falla' s Siete canciones populares españolas: The composer's personal library, folksong models and the creative process
Authors: Christoforidis Michael
Published: January 2019

Manuel de Falla's personal library provides a unique resource for the study of the composer's assimilation of ideas, and his lifelong habit of annotating his reading material and scores heightens the library's usefulness to an understanding of his creative process. Falla's reliance on musical borrowings in his compositions means that a study of the printed scores in his library often gives insights into the sources employed and the development of his musical ideas. The limited extent of Falla's field work in the realm of folk music makes this source even more valuable to discussions of folk-inspired works such as the Siete canciones populares españolas. The provenance of the melodies employed by Falla in that work has been the subject of articles by Manuel Garcia Matos and Josep Crivillé i Bargalló. While indebted to their research, this study argues that in the Siete canciones populares españolas all of Falla's melodic lines and some of the accompaniments are based, to varying degrees, on the assimilation of materials taken from specific publications in his possession. Falla's exposure to and incorporation of folk music in his scores is also examined, and the Siete canciones populares españolas are situated within the creative context of Falla's Parisian milieu. Finally, similarities are drawn between Falla's use of folk sources and the process through which early music was incorporated into his neoclassical scores of the 1920s.
Introducción al análisis espectrográfico de la interpretación musical
Authors: Colomer Blasco Luis
Published: January 2019

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar las posibilidades que las técnicas de análisis espectral pueden ofrecer a la musicología para el estudio sistemático de la interpretación musical. La espectrografía proporciona imágenes directas de una interpretación musical, las cuales revelan las acciones del ejecutante sobre el instrumento. Cuestiones tales como las fluctuaciones del tempo, el detalle rítmico, las alteraciones de la afinación, y, en general, la mayor parte de los rasgos retóricos de la práctica interpretativa pueden ser medidos y comparados con la ayuda del espectrograma.
Dioramas ethnographiques et unités écologiques : La mise en scène de la vie quotidienne au musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro et au musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires
Authors: Bouiller Jean-Roch , Calafat Marie-Charlotte
Published: January 2019

Cet article a pour objet l’étude et la mise en perspective historique des dioramas et unités écologiques réalisés dans les deux musées nationaux français consacrés à l’ethnographie de la France, entre 1878 et 1978 : le musée d’Ethnographie du Trocadéro (MET) puis le musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires (MNATP), à Paris. Il essaye tout d’abord de saisir l’esprit du temps qui les a inspirés et dont ils sont les témoins : influence des Expositions universelles, des panoramas, des musées de mannequins de cire, des recherches archéologiques, des recherches historiques conduisant aux period rooms, etc. Il cherche ensuite à comprendre les liens ambigus que ces dispositifs scénographiques entretiennent avec la réalité, sa représentation et l’illusion de sa restitution fidèle. Il souligne enfin les points de convergences de ces éléments identitaires, propres aux dioramas et aux unités écologiques, avec le développement de l’installation dans le champ de l’art contemporain, dans la deuxième moitié du XXe siècle.
Theology of religions in Martin Luther
Authors: Shaw Wilhelmina Magdalena (Elmien)
Published: January 2019

No abstract available
Science and Politics of Race in Mexico and the United States, 1910-1950
Authors: Rosemblatt Karin Alejandra
Published: January 2019

In this history of the social and human sciences in Mexico and the United States, Karin Alejandra Rosemblatt reveals intricate connections among the development of science, the concept of race, and policies toward indigenous peoples. Focusing on the anthropologists, sociologists, biologists, physicians, and other experts who collaborated across borders from the Mexican Revolution through World War II, Rosemblatt traces how intellectuals on both sides of the Rio Grande forged shared networks in which they discussed indigenous peoples and other ethnic minorities. In doing so, Rosemblatt argues, they refashioned race as a scientific category and consolidated their influence within their respective national policy circles. Postrevolutionary Mexican experts aimed to transform their country into a modern secular state with a dynamic economy, and central to this endeavor was learning how to “manage” racial difference and social welfare. The same concern animated U.S. New Deal policies toward Native Americans. The scientists’ border-crossing conceptions of modernity, race, evolution, and pluralism were not simple one-way impositions or appropriations, and they had significant effects. In the United States, the resulting approaches to the management of Native American affairs later shaped policies toward immigrants and black Americans, while in Mexico, officials rejected policy prescriptions they associated with U.S. intellectual imperialism and racial segregation.
Cloud droplet activation of secondary organic aerosol is mainly controlled by molecular weight, not water solubility
Authors: Wang Jian , Shilling John E. , Liu Jiumeng , Zelenyuk Alla , Bell David M. , Petters Markus D. , Thalman Ryan , Mei Fan , Zaveri Rahul A. , Zheng Guangjie
Published: January 2019

Abstract. Aerosol particles strongly influence global climate by modifying the
properties of clouds. An accurate assessment of the aerosol impact on
climate requires knowledge of the concentration of cloud condensation nuclei
(CCN), a subset of aerosol particles that can activate and form cloud
droplets in the atmosphere. Atmospheric particles typically consist of a
myriad of organic species, which frequently dominate the particle
composition. As a result, CCN concentration is often a strong function of
the hygroscopicity of organics in the particles. Earlier studies showed
organic hygroscopicity increases nearly linearly with oxidation level. Such
an increase in hygroscopicity is conventionally attributed to higher water
solubility for more oxidized organics. By systematically varying the water
content of activating droplets, we show that for the majority of secondary
organic aerosols (SOAs), essentially all organics are dissolved at the point
of droplet activation. Therefore, for droplet activation, the organic
hygroscopicity is not limited by solubility but is dictated mainly by the
molecular weight of organic species. Instead of increased water solubility
as previously thought, the increase in the organic hygroscopicity with
oxidation level is largely because (1) SOAs formed from smaller precursor
molecules tend to be more oxidized and have lower average molecular weight
and (2) during oxidation, fragmentation reactions reduce average organic
molecule weight, leading to increased hygroscopicity. A simple model of
organic hygroscopicity based on molecular weight, oxidation level, and
volatility is developed, and it successfully reproduces the variation in SOA
hygroscopicity with oxidation level observed in the laboratory and field
studies.
On the role of climate modes in modulating the air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems
Authors: Brady Riley X. , Lovenduski Nicole S. , Alexander Michael A. , Jacox Michael , Gruber Nicolas
Published: January 2019

Abstract. The air–sea CO2 fluxes in eastern boundary upwelling systems (EBUSs)
vary strongly in time and space, with some of the highest flux densities
globally. The processes controlling this variability have not yet been
investigated consistently across all four major EBUSs, i.e., the California
(CalCS), Humboldt (HumCS), Canary (CanCS), and Benguela (BenCS) Current
systems. In this study, we diagnose the climatic modes of the air–sea
CO2 flux variability in these regions between 1920 and 2015, using
simulation results from the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble
(CESM-LENS), a global coupled climate model ensemble that is forced by
historical and RCP8.5 radiative forcing. Differences between simulations can
be attributed entirely to internal (unforced) climate variability, whose
contribution can be diagnosed by subtracting the ensemble mean from each
simulation. We find that in the CalCS and CanCS, the resulting anomalous
CO2 fluxes are strongly affected by large-scale extratropical modes
of variability, i.e., the North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) and the North
Atlantic Oscillation (NAO), respectively. The CalCS has anomalous uptake of
CO2 during the positive phase of the NPGO, while the CanCS has
anomalous outgassing of CO2 during the positive phase of the NAO. In
contrast, the HumCS is mainly affected by El Niño–Southern Oscillation
(ENSO), with anomalous uptake of CO2 during an El Niño event.
Variations in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and sea surface temperature
(SST) are the major contributors to these anomalous CO2 fluxes and
are generally driven by changes to large-scale gyre circulation, upwelling,
the mixed layer depth, and biological processes. A better understanding of
the sensitivity of EBUS CO2 fluxes to modes of climate variability is
key in improving our ability to predict the future evolution of the
atmospheric CO2 source and sink characteristics of the four EBUSs.
A hydrological cycle model for the Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) model v1.0
Authors: Stassen Christian , Dommenget Dietmar , Loveday Nicholas
Published: January 2019

Abstract. This study describes the development of the hydrological cycle model for the
Globally Resolved Energy Balance (GREB) model. Starting from a rudimentary
hydrological cycle model included in the GREB model, we develop three new
models: precipitation, evaporation and horizontal transport of water vapour.
Precipitation is modelled based on the actual simulated specific and relative
humidity in GREB and the prescribed boundary condition of vertical velocity.
The evaporation bulk formula is slightly refined by considering differences
in the sensitivity to winds between land and oceans, and by improving the
estimates of the wind magnitudes. Horizontal transport of water vapour is
improved by approximating moisture convergence by vertical velocity. The new
parameterisations are fitted against the Global Precipitation Climatology
Project (GPCP) data set and reanalysis data sets (ERA-Interim). The new
hydrological cycle model is evaluated against the Coupled Model
Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) model simulations, reduction in
correction terms and by three different sensitivity experiments (annual
cycle, El Niño–Southern Oscillation and climate change). The skill of
the hydrological cycle model in the GREB model is now within the range of
more complex CMIP5 coupled general circulation models and capable of
simulating key features of the climate system within the range of uncertainty
of CMIP5 model simulations. The results illustrate that the new GREB model's
hydrological cycle is a useful model to study the climate's hydrological
response to external forcings and also to study inter-model differences or
biases.
Contested Loyalty
Authors: Gallagher Gary W.
Published: January 2019

This collection of ten essays explores the contested meanings of patriotismin the Civil War North. The words “loyalty” and “duty” vibrated across Northern society but what did they mean? How were they to be demonstrated? The central goal of this study is to scrutinize how notions of loyalty were debated and defined under the pressures of a long and destructive war. The chapters within eavesdrop on conversations about loyalty in many contexts within Northern society. Some of those settings offer a familiar frame of reference, surveying the newspapers, pamphlets, letters, and speeches that evidence partisan definitions of loyalty. These scholars, however, strain to hear those voices not just in the statehouses and capital buildings but in the churches, colleges, workshops, city streets, military camps, and even bedrooms of ordinary northern people. What emerges is not a unified consensus on loyal actions and values but a patchwork of experiences in which the meaning of loyalty was often stretched and strained for differing and sometimes conflicting purposes.
Goods
Authors: Coccia Emanuele
Published: January 2019

Objects are all around us—and images of objects, advertisements for objects. Things are no longer merely purely physical or economic entities: within the visual economy of advertising, they are inescapably moral. Any object, regardless of its nature, can for at least a moment aspire to be “good,” can become not only an object of value but also a complex of possible happiness, a moral source of perfection for any one of us. This book argues that our relation to things is what makes us human. It shows how objects become the medium through which a city enunciates its ethos, making an ethical life available to those who live among them. Humans have revealed themselves as organisms that are ethically inseparable from the very things they produce, exchange, and desire. The alienation commodities cause and express is moral rather than economic or social; we need our own products not just to survive biologically or to improve the physical conditions of our existence, but to live morally. Ultimately, this book offers a rethinking of the power of images. Through images, we already live another form of political life, which has very little to do with the one invented and formalized by the legal tradition. All we need to do is to recognize it. Advertising and fashion are just the primitive, sometimes grotesque, but ultimately irrepressible prefiguration of the new politics to come.
Career Decision Regret as a Predictor: Do Teachers and Administrators Regret Due to Their Career Choice?
Authors: Köse Akif
Published: January 2019

This research aims to explore the relationship between career decision regret, job satisfaction and life satisfaction aswell as determining whether career decision regret significantly predicts job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Havinga descriptive research design, the research has employed relational survey model. The population of the researchholds a total of 7671 teachers and administrators who work at pre-school education institutions, primary, secondaryand high schools located within the central provinces of Kahramanmaraş. The research sample consists of 365participants who have been selected through a random sampling method. The research has deployed “CareerDecision Regret Scale”, “Job Satisfaction Scale” and “Satisfaction with Life Scale”. Independent groups t-test,one-way ANOVA test, Pearson correlation and regression analysis have been used during data analysis. Researchresults have revealed that teachers’ and school administrators’ career decision regret is at “a little” level; they haveexperienced a medium level of general, intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction; they are at the level of “neither agree nordisagree" in terms of life satisfaction; there is a negative and medium level relation between career decision regretand life satisfaction and between career decision regret and job satisfaction; a significant, positive and medium levelrelation between job satisfaction and life satisfaction; career decision regret is a significant predictor of jobsatisfaction and life satisfaction; 25% of the total variance of job satisfaction and 22% of the total variance of lifesatisfaction level of teachers are explained by career decision regret.
Biomass, Protein Content and Cell Damage in Tanzania Grass Irrigated With Saline Water
Authors: Dias Nildo Da Silva , Neto Osvaldo Nogueira de Sousa , Sá Francisco Vanies da Silva , Morais Débora Evangelista Façanha de , Souza Bruno Goulart de Azevedo , Fernandes Cleyton dos Santos , Silva Junior Celimari Campos da , Santos Eder Junio Vilar dos , Souza Ytalo Cleyton dos Santos , Freitas Junior Airlis Mendes de
Published: January 2019

The scarcity of good water quality in semiarid region, combined with the high cost of pumping, has been the main limiting factor for increasing the irrigated area. The use of saline water for irrigation is a very common in semiarid zones, which can result in the soil salinization if irrigation management is not appropriated. To evaluate the biomass production, biochemical components and water consumption of Tanzania grass (Panicum maximum) irrigated with water salinity (1.5, 3.0, 4.5 and 6.0 dS m-1) an experiment in greenhouse was carried out in the Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. The variables dry matter, crude protein, ashes, cellular damage on leaves and consume water in the first and second cut of the grass were analyzed under completely randomized design with five treatments and six replications. Salinity water up to 6.0 dS m-1 can be used for irrigation of Tanzania grass plants, with small yield losses. Increased salinity reduces water consumption and increases the water use efficiency of Tanzania grass. Tanzania grass plants have increased protein content when subjected to saline stress, which is a mechanism of action to osmotic adjustment and allows the reduction of plant leaf damage in the second cycle.
Forbidden sexuality in Kunle Afolayan’s October 1 contentious sexual space
Authors: Ojoniyi Olabode Wale
Published: January 2019

There is a sense in which we can speak of two levels of dominant and peripheral sexual spaces within the Nigerian discourse of sexuality. The dominant space deals with the generally acceptable sexual orientation that essentially draws its legitimacy from the biological configuration of sexuality within the African temper of mind. It lays claim, at one level, to the public/cultural sexual space and, at another level, to the private sexual space which also, presumably, directly follows from the cultural sexual course. On the other hand, the peripheral sexual space is seen, to put it in Guarav Desai phrase, as “any nonnormative sexual practices” (2007, p. 736). This marginal sexual orientation has perhaps largely operated within the level of private sexual space, but now it seeks to renegotiate the Nigerian cultural/public sexual space. It is this attempt to renegotiate the dominant cultural/public sexual space that seems to have raised the tension within the discourse of sexuality in Nigeria in recent times leading to the legislation that out-rightly criminalises alternative sexuality in Nigeria. It is this contentious sexual orientation within the African consciousness; its presumed origin, violence and politics of practice that forms the focus of Kunle Afolayan’s film, October 1. This paper looks at October 1 within the contentious discourse of that which is seen as a forbidden sexuality, its attendant violence and destruction in relation to the fluidity and the shifting bases of African cultural orientation in the face of individualism and fundamental human right.
Reading “Queer” identities: pedagogical notes from the field
Authors: Mukherjee Kamalini
Published: January 2019

In this paper, the author presents a pedagogical insight of conducting a detailed exploratory study through methodological departures within the subjective boundaries of a specific field. The work is based upon inferences drawn from the study of “queer” identities in an urban but inherently parochial setting of a postcolonial city – Kolkata. The paper attempts to map and chart the various aspects of conducting qualitative research in a relatively unexplored area, with rapidly evolving socio-cultural values and systems of identity formation. The paper charts out the experiences from the field, while dealing with both the apparent and the esoteric, with objective and empirical evidence to support the arguments presented herein.
Arthur C. Clarke
Authors: Westfahl Gary
Published: January 2019

Despite extensive critical attention, Arthur C. Clarke’s distinctive science fiction has never been fully or properly understood. This study examines some of his lighthearted shorter works for the first time and explores how Clarke’s views regularly diverge from those of other science fiction writers. Clarke thought new inventions would likely bring more problems than benefits and suspected that human space travel would never extend beyond the solar system. He accepted that humanity would probably become extinct in the future or be transformed by evolution into unimaginable new forms. He anticipated that aliens would be genuinely alien in both their physiology and psychology. He perceived a deep bond between humanity and the oceans, perhaps stronger than any developing bond between humanity and space. Despite his lifelong atheism, he frequently pondered why humans developed religions, how they might abandon them, and why religions might endure in defiance of expectations. Finally, Clarke’s characters, often criticized as bland, actually are merely reticent, and the isolated lifestyles they adopt--remaining distant or alienated from their families and relying upon connections to broader communities and long-distance communication to ameliorate their solitude--not only reflect Clarke’s own personality, as a closeted homosexual and victim of a disability, but they also constitute his most important prediction, since increasing numbers of twenty-first-century citizens are now living in this manner.
A Childhood of Violence
Authors: Toyne J. Marla
Published: January 2019

While the bioarchaeology of children has slowly become a vital part of archaeological method and practice, one unexplored area includes the violent death of children in ritual or combat. Patterns of perimortem cut marks and blunt force skeletal trauma demonstrate that children were treated to the same degree and type of violent skeletal trauma as the (male) adults in three large archaeological death assemblages dating to the Late Intermediate/Late Horizon (A.D. 1300–1532) in the Andes: Túcume, on the northern coast, Punta Lobos, on the central coast, and Kuelap, in the northeastern montane highlands. They reflect, respectively, a complex sacrificial practice, a possible political execution, and a directed massacre. This chapter explores both the lack of expected distinction between a juvenile’s and adult’s experiences of violence and how this expands our understanding of the Andean past, revealing that, in death, perhaps as in life, children were important social actors.
At Fault
Authors: Knowles Sebastian D.G.
Published: January 2019

At Fault: James Joyce and the Crisis of the Modern University argues that American universities have lost their way and that the works of James Joyce will put them back on the scent. In American university education today, an excess of caution has led to a serious error in our education system. To be “at fault” is to have lost one’s path: the university’s current crisis in confidence can be addressed by attending to the lessons that Joyce teaches us. Joyce models risk-taking in all three areas of the academic enterprise: research, teaching, and service. His texts go out of bounds, resisting the end, pushing beyond themselves. Joyce writes in an outlaw language, and the acknowledgment of failure is written into every right action. At stake is the enterprise of humanism: without an appreciation of error, and an understanding of infinite possibility, the university will calcify and lose its right to lead the nations of the world. The book draws upon the author’s thirty years of teaching experience to demonstrate what works in the classroom when teaching Joyce and makes a powerful contribution to debates on interdisciplinarity and university teaching. There are chapters on centrifugal motion, gramophones, elephants, fox-hunting, philately, brain mapping, and baseball: a compendium of approaches befitting the ever-expanding world of James Joyce.
Finnegans Wake for Dummies
Authors: Knowles Sebastian D.G. , Knowles Sebastian D.G.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 3 argues that there is a way to read and understand Finnegans Wake, if we can only read according to a new path that starts in the middle and works out to the beginning and the end. Included is a report of a successful experiment in pedagogy that read the Wake in outwardly radiating circles, as dictated by the principle of ascending difficulty, beginning with the easiest sections and working out to the hardest ones. This “spiral reading” path then turns out to track very closely the process of Joyce’s compositional process, and so gives us an insight into Joyce’s method. A syllabus for the original course is included as an Appendix, in an invitation to future teachers.
Storm-Tossed & Exposed
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: January 2019

In February 1937, Virginia Woolf's nephew, Julian Bell, says he will enlist to fight the fascists in the Spanish Civil War. In July 1937, war erupts between China and Japan. These outer storms, now reaching Woolf's own family circle, darken her own (deserved) high sail. America's Time magazine features Woolf on its cover, a sign of international literary fame. Due mostly to the success of The Years, Hogarth Press’ 1937 profits are unprecedented. Yet, so tossed and exposed is Woolf by the outer crises around her that she cannot savor her success. In February 1937, she reads The Final Struggle: Being Countess Tolstoy’s Diary for 1910 with Extracts from Leo Tolstoy’s Diary of the same period. She sees her own anguish in the final diaries of Leo Tolstoy and his wife. She finds there not only inner and outer wars (recorded in many diaries) but also a war fought over diaries as well.
Hitler Darkens the Waters
Authors: Lounsberry Barbara
Published: January 2019

By 1938, Hitler “had taken over and was dictating the narrative of European history,” Rosenfeld notes. Virginia Woolf's books—including her diary—offer a counter narrative. In March, as Hitler marches into Austria, Woolf finishes Three Guineas. Through her acute sensitivity, she captures the precise world state with a haunting diary image: Hitler and Stalin are “like drops of dirty water mixing” (D 5: 129). Her challenge from 1938 onwards becomes how to keep moving—how to escape being drawn into the mud. In August, as the world waits, suspended, as Hitler pauses at Czechoslovakia’s door, she takes heart from the newly found Diary of the Reverend Francis Kilvert, the Victorian vicar (and poet) from the river Wye. His diary's “gipsy beauty” lives again in the character Mrs. Manresa in Woolf's final novel Between the Acts—as do his amusing cows. Kilvert gives Woolf a lush natural human voice amid the welter of war.
Blood of My Blood
Authors: Lear Ashley Andrews
Published: January 2019

In her posthumously published, fictionalized memoir, Blood of My Blood, Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings provides a scathing account of her relationship with her mother, along with the details of her childhood. Rawlings delved just as deeply into the familial relationships of Ellen Glasgow when researching her biography. Contrasting the two writers’ similar feelings of connection and estrangement with their parents and their complex relationships with siblings, it is clear that family experiences compelled them to write, even as those same experiences hindered their writing careers. Even though there is no indication that the two women discussed their parents, their lives indicate a remarkable similarity in overcoming family trials to succeed in writing careers that were considered by some to be unconventional.
“A Woman of To-Morrow”
Authors: Lear Ashley Andrews
Published: January 2019

Chapter 7 builds upon the activism of Ellen Glasgow and Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings to critique their oftentimes conflicting views of race, class, and gender through their literature, nonfiction writing, and correspondences. This chapter reveals how Glasgow and Rawlings struggled to maintain traditional values and an attachment to an older, more naturalistic lifestyle while embracing the more modern views of social justice that such lifestyles often overlooked.
Brief Overview of the Younger Dryas Cosmic Impact Datum Layer 12,800 Years Ago and Its Archaeological Utility
Authors: LeCompte Malcolm A. , Adedeji A. Victor , Kennett James P. , Bunch Ted E. , Wolbach Wendy S. , West Allen
Published: January 2019

Chapter 8 reviews the evidence for a suspected cosmic impact over North America at the onset of the Younger Dryas climatic period with the near simultaneous extinction of classic Pleistocene megafauna and the Clovis technoculture. The impact related proxies that are used to detect the impact layer, such as spherules, silica-rich glass, nanodiamonds, carbon, and geochemical enrichment of nickel, cobalt, chromium, iridium, platinum and osmium, are considered. This layer is offered as a useful chronostratigraphic marker for recognizing the YDB boundary in the absence of other dating methods.
From the Savannah to the Santee River
Authors: Wilkinson Joseph E.
Published: January 2019

Chapter 13 examines the evidence for Early Archaic use and settlement of the inter-riverine zone between the Savannah and the Santee Rivers, both of which are the major alluvial rivers on southern Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Heretofore little work has been done in this zone. Several large, private collections, forming a transect, are analyzed for diagnostic hafted bifaces – or various stone tools – including their raw materials. The entire Early Archaic tool kit is found in this zone, though with relatively low density sites. Based on raw material sources, a considerable going back and forth between these major rivers is indicated.
New Histories of Village Life at Crystal River
Authors: Pluckhahn Thomas J. , Thompson Victor D.
Published: January 2019

The tension between competition and cooperation has emerged as a major topic of concern in the understanding of human societies. The dynamic is epitomized by societies undergoing the transition to larger and more permanent villages, referred to as “early village” societies. This study describes archaeological research directed toward the understanding of early village formation at the Crystal River and Roberts Island sites in west-central Florida. Crystal River has long recognized as one of the preeminent sites of the Woodland period (ca. 1000 B.C. to A.D. 1000) in the American Southeast; Roberts Island has remained comparatively little known. New field investigations, combined with the reanalysis of previous work at the site, permit a fine-grained understanding of the growth and dissolution of early villages at the sites. The understandings that are gained from this case study can be contextualized to contemporaneous societies of the Gulf Coast, and to early village societies elsewhere in the world. The lessons that early villages contribute regarding cooperation and competition, in turn, contribute to contemporary debates regarding: first, individual versus collective action responsible for social welfare; and, second, the human role in and response to environmental change.