bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting social innovation amidst organizational complexity: Case study evidence from the German Red Cross
Authors: Burfeindt René , Schubert Peter
Published: October 2022

Social innovation is concerned with the creation and implementation of new solutions to social problems. Although research commonly frames social innovation as the domain of small, entrepreneurial organizations, an increasing number of large and well‐established nonprofit organizations have started actively launching their own innovation initiatives. Using a case study of social innovation ventures within the German Red Cross (GRC), this study identifies organizational hurdles and viable management strategies targeting the promotion of social innovation within particularly complex organizations. Based on our results, we develop a conceptual framework highlighting that promoting social innovation in established organizations requires simultaneous attention to multiple dimensions of leadership and governance. Our study thereby offers a blueprint for management strategies that can guide nonprofit leaders in their quest to promote social innovation from within their organization.
Outcomes of family‐centred auditory and tactile stimulation implementation on traumatic brain injured patients
Authors: Ahmed Fatma Refaat , Attia Amal Kadry , Mansour Hamada , Megahed Mohamed
Published: October 2022

Aim

To determine the outcomes of Family‐centred Auditory and Tactile Stimulation Implementation on Traumatic Brain Injured Patients in Egypt.

Background

Family engagement in the care of their relatives in the Intensive care units is limited due to patients' life‐threatening conditions, in addition to the use of high technology in these settings. Auditory and tactile sensory stimulations are among the diverse sensory stimulations that have received more attention in brain injured patients than other senses as being considered safe, and effective measures.

Design

A Quasi‐experimental design was used to test the hypotheses of this study.

Methods

A convenience sample of 60 adult patients suffering from Traumatic Brain Injury and admitted to the intensive care units of two University Hospitals in Egypt was included in the study. Patients were assigned into two equal groups: control and study groups (30 patients each). The auditory and tactile stimulations were provided by trained family members, once daily for 2 weeks for the study group. Whereas routine communication was provided by the family of traumatic brain injured patients in the ICU for the control group. Two tools were used for data collection; tool one, the “Glasgow Coma Scale” to assess patient's level of consciousness, and tool two the “Physiological Adverse Events Assessment” to monitor patients for the occurrence of physiological adverse events. Data collection: January to October 2019.

Results

The implementation of an organized auditory and tactile stimulation by trained family members is associated with highly statistically significant positive effects . Patients in the study group showed a higher mean of consciousness, lower incidence rate of physiological adverse events, and a lower mean duration of ICU stay.

Conclusions

Implementation of an organized auditory and tactile stimulation by trained family members enhanced the consciousness level of comatose Traumatic Brain Injured patients, decreased the occurrence of physiological adverse events, and ICU length of stay. Thus, it is recommended for use in the daily routine nursing care of comatose Traumatic Brain Injured patients.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study gives a deeper understanding of how family engagement in the care of their critically ill relative enhances their recovery and improve their level of consciousness.
Validation of the psychometric properties of the Self‐Directed Learning Readiness Scale
Authors: Chen Shiah‐Lian , Fan Jun‐Yu
Published: October 2022

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Self‐Directed Learning Readiness Scale.

Design

A cross‐sectional survey was designed.

Methods

A convenience sample of 659 participants was recruited. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were used to evaluate the factorial structure. In addition, the concurrent validity was assessed using the Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory.

Results

The exploratory factor analysis revealed that the scale was a 6‐factor structure, named love of learning, active learning, effective learning, independent learning, learning motivation and creative learning, which explained 53.30% of the total variance. The findings of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that a 37‐item six first‐order model produced the best‐fit statistics. Internal consistency for the scale was satisfactory, ranging from 0.71 to 0.88. Concurrent and predictive validities also reached significant levels. The utility of the instrument was suggested.
The effectiveness of a tailored programme to promote reproductive‐health‐promoting behaviour in young women based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Cho Inhae , Park Young‐Joo
Published: October 2022

Aim

The study aimed to evaluate a tailored reproductive health promotion programme based on the Precaution Adoption Process Model (PAPM) for young adults.

Design

This was a two‐group, non‐blinded randomized controlled trial.

Methods

This study was performed with women aged 18–25 who were not performing reproductive health‐related behaviour from September 2018 to November 2018 in Seoul, South Korea. The participants were stratified by stage of PAPM (1, 2 or 3) and were randomly allocated to the intervention group (n = 30) and the control group (n = 30). Women in the intervention group were given the programme, which was customized according to the stage of PAPM over 8 weeks, such as lectures, giving information, discussions, practical training, Q&A, case experience and counselling. The control group received educational material. The primary outcomes were reproductive‐health‐promoting behaviour and rate of contraception use.

Results

Reproductive‐health‐promoting behaviour was significantly higher in the intervention group than the control group post‐intervention, as were reproductive health beliefs, motivation and self‐efficacy.
Elements of patient satisfaction: An integrative review
Authors: Goodrich George W. , Lazenby James Mark
Published: October 2022

Aim

To summarize the scientific literature on the elements essential to understanding a nursing definition of patient satisfaction.

Design

Whittemore and Knafl's methodology was used for this integrative review.

Methods

Articles were included if the studies they explored patient satisfaction in patient populations and measured patient satisfaction using standardized, validated instruments. Elements in this review were defined as the essential components that create the complex concept of patient satisfaction.

Results

Thirty articles were found and analysed in full. Five definitions of patient satisfaction were used, all of which were at least 20 years old. Twenty‐two different measures of patient satisfaction were used, six of which were nursing‐specific. Sixty‐eight elements of patient satisfaction were studied in the included articles. Forty‐three elements were reported as having a significant relationship with patient satisfaction, 25 were reported as having no significant relationship. Eight elements had both significant and non‐significant relationships.
Association of weight status with the types of foods consumed at snacking occasions among US adolescents
Authors: Croce Christina M. , Fisher Jennifer Orlet , Coffman Donna L. , Bailey Regan L. , Davey Adam , Tripicchio Gina L.
Published: October 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate snack food‐group composition by weight status among United States adolescents.

Methods

Cross‐sectional analysis of adolescent food‐group‐component intake from snacking occasions using two 24‐hour dietary recalls from the 2007 through 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES; n = 5264; 12‐19 years) was conducted. ANCOVA models evaluated food intakes by BMI percentile (BMI%; normal weight [NW]: <85th BMI%; overweight [OW]: 85th‐95th BMI%; and obesity [OB]: ≥95th BMI%), adjusting for energy misreporting and key covariates.

Results

Adolescents with OB consumed greater total daily energy from snacks (mean [SE]: NW = 424 [10] kcal; OW = 527 [16] kcal; OB = 603 [22] kcal; p < 0.001) than adolescents with OW and NW. Adolescents with OW or OB consumed higher amounts of refined grains, dairy, protein, oil, solid fat, and added sugar from snacks than adolescents with NW (p < 0.05‐0.001).

Conclusions

Adolescents with OW or OB consume more calories and higher levels of overconsumed dietary components, i.e., added sugar, solid fats, and refined grains, from snacks than adolescents with NW. Age‐specific snacking recommendations to inform dietary guidance are needed to prevent excess intake of overconsumed nutrients and calories.
Urban park soundscapes: Spatial and social factors influencing bird and traffic sound experiences
Authors: Uebel Konrad , Rhodes Jonathan R. , Wilson Kerrie , Dean Angela J.
Published: October 2022

Natural soundscapes experienced in parks are increasingly recognised as a valuable ecosystem service, yet urban parks soundscapes also commonly contain anthropogenic noise.

While studies show bird calls can promote psychological restoration, the factors that might influence actual experiences of these sounds by individuals in urban parks are less clear. Equally, continual exposure to anthropogenic noise, such as vehicle traffic, is associated with negative health outcomes, but determinants influencing negative experiences of such sounds within a park soundscape are poorly understood.

To address this gap we used an ex situ survey of over 4000 Australian residents and examined a range of spatial and social factors in influencing perceptions towards noticing and pleasantness of bird sounds and traffic noise within urban parks.

The results indicate older age, recent park use, and valuing parks for uses such as exercising, socialising and to hear nature, were positively associated with pleasant bird sound experiences in parks. For traffic sounds, we found indicators of disadvantage, such as renting a home were associated with a higher likelihood of unpleasant experiences of traffic noise within parks. Notably, individuals using parks for social activities were still positively associated with pleasant bird sound experiences and less likely to perceive traffic sounds as unpleasant. Conversely, whilst those with greater nature‐relatedness had a strong positive association with pleasant bird sound experiences, they were more likely to perceive traffic as unpleasant.

Overall, these findings suggest that whilst many types of park users can potentially experience the beneficial effects from bird sounds, the detrimental effects of traffic noise may constrain these benefits in certain social groups, particularly those of greater socio‐economic disadvantage. We discuss strategies to promote greater equity of therapeutic experiences of bird sounds in parks, whilst outlining traffic mitigation measures within urban parks.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
A facile single‐step approach to achieve in situ expanded g‐C3N4 for improved photodegradation performance
Authors: Madhurima V. P. , Kumari Kusum , Jain P. K.
Published: October 2022

Improved graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) was synthesized through a unique one‐step cost‐effective technique involving a dynamic gas bubbling phenomenon using ammonium chloride (NH4Cl) as a bubbling agent. An extensive investigation was carried out to optimize the weight ratio of NH4Cl and melamine during the thermal pyrolysis process. Here, we report an improved form of g‐C3N4 namely “expanded g‐C3N4” with increased interlayer distance and remarkable volume expansion. The surface area of this improved version has notably increased leading to higher photocatalytic efficiency as compared with its counterpart, an synthesized without adding NH4Cl. Synthesized photocatalyst materials were further used to study the Rhodamine B photodegradation under visible light. It was observed that the expanded g‐C3N4 showed a 2.4 times higher photodegradation rate than its counterpart and degraded 94% of the dye in just 30 min.
Synthesis of Silver‐Based Plasmas by Plant Extracts for In Vitro PTT/PDT/CT Synergistic Antitumor Therapy
Authors: Xie Yiliang , Dong Baowen , Zhang Xuan , Fan Jimin , Lin Jianying , Zhang Bing , Zhao Zhihuan
Published: October 2022

In this study, biosynthetic Ag@AgCl plasma is used as a photosensitizer for the first time to construct a photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy and pH‐responsive synergistic antitumor nanomedicine delivery system CS‐Ag@AgCl/C. The Ag@AgCl and AgNPs synthesized by the extracts of alpine banana,Citrus reticulata, andCitrus sinensisare characterized. The Ag@AgCl NPs synthesized with banana extract have a regular crystal shape and a granular size of 12 nm, and they are more stable than AgNPs synthesized with the other two extracts. In addition, Ag@AgCl plasma used as a photosensitizer can reduce the dependence of CS‐Ag@AgCl/C on oxygen in the photodynamic process. After coating with chitosan, though the photothermal conversion efficiency of CS‐Ag@AgCl/C decreases from 44.06% to 29.51%, the pH response character of it increases, and the pH response plays an important role in drug release experiments. Under an acidic environment of pH = 5.0 phosphate‐buffered saline buffer, the drug release rate of the samples increases significantly. In the synergistic antitumor experiment, the cell survival rate increases from 36.83% to 78.69% after chitosan‐coated Ag@AgCl/C NPs. When CS‐Ag@AgCl/C‐DOX+808 nm is co‐cultured with HeLa cells, the cell survival rate is only 14.89%, which indicates that the constructed plasma drug delivery system has excellent photothermal/photodynamic/chemotherapy combined treatment capability.
Pressure Sensor Devices Featuring a Chemical Passivation Made of a Locally Synthesized Diamond Layer
Authors: Bähr Mario , Käpplinger Indira , Pobedinskas Paulius , Frank Thomas , Grün André , Haenen Ken , Ortlepp Thomas
Published: October 2022

The rear side of a pressure sensor diaphragm is prepared with an additional diamond layer as protective coating against harsh media. The preparation sequence for the diamond coating is developed as a simple backend process, combining only two additional steps in the standard process. These are the local seeding of nanodiamond layer and the low‐temperature diamond growth at <300 °C in a linear antenna microwave plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition reactor, where only at the nanodiamond seeded sites, a high‐quality diamond film was synthesized. The seeding resolution in the setup used was limited to ≈80 μm, but can be further reduced. In an industry‐typical assembly sequence the diamond coated pressure sensor devices are further equipped with a support wafer and mounted to a TO‐8 socket. Tests of such sensor systems indicate that the diamond layer does not hamper the stability of the device. This proofed method of postprocessing an only‐local and low‐temperature synthesis of a diamond layer on the wafer‐level opens‐ up possibilities for many other applications, since this approach is scalable and in general cost effective.
Vacuum polarization in uranium
Authors: Efremov Alexander
Published: October 2022

We formulate the Hartree–Fock method using a functional integral approach. Then we consider a nonperturbative component of the vacuum polarization. For the Dirac–Coulomb operator the renormalization flow of the vacuum polarization is calculated numerically. For the Hartree–Fock operator the polarization is obtained by integrating an appropriately rescaled flow. The text includes an approximate calculation of the vacuum polarization in Uranium.
Negative pressure pulmonary edema in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Ikeo Satoshi , Iwata Toshiyuki , Yasuda Naoaki , Hayashi Yasuyuki , Sokai Akihiko , Nishimura Takashi
Published: October 2022

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) should be considered in the differential diagnosis from an episode of asphyxia, and even if NPPE is diagnosed, the possibility of COVID‐19 should be kept in mind under coronavirus pandemic conditions.
Extended state observer‐based finite‐region control for 2‐D Markov jump systems
Authors: Cheng Peng , He Shuping , Dong Hongli , Chen Weixing , Zhang Weidong
Published: October 2022

In this article, an extended state observer‐based finite‐region control scheme is presented for two‐dimensional Markov jump systems with unknown mismatched disturbances. The mathematical model of the two‐dimensional Markov jump systems is built on the well‐known Roesser model. By establishing special recursive formulas and utilizing the 2‐D Lyapunov function theory, sufficient conditions are obtained, which prove that the resultant system is finite‐region bounded, if some linear matrix inequalities are achieved. Then, we provide an algorithm to solve the extended state observer‐based controller gains. With the proposed control scheme, the external disturbances can be actively rejected from the system outputs. To conclude, a numerical example based on the Darboux equation is provided to demonstrate the validity and effectiveness of the devised control scheme.
Asymptotic switched composite adaptive control with application to robotic interaction tasks
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Qiao Yandi , Zhang Zuxu , Baldi Simone , Li Yanan
Published: October 2022

This article proposes a new switched adaptive control design for uncertain switched systems with composite (time‐driven and state‐dependent) switching and shows its applicability in switched impedance control. A composite switched adaptive control design, consisting of the direct switched adaptive control and the indirect switched adaptive control counterpart, is developed to improve the control performance. Specifically, a new stability condition for composite switching is proposed by making use of differential matrix equations and Sylvester matrix equations, which are a generalization of Lyapunov matrix equations. The design results in a time‐varying multiple Lyapunov function that is decreasing at the switching instants. From the theoretical point of view, the relevance of this work is the construction of the adaptive laws that guarantee asymptotic tracking error and asymptotic estimation for the direct and indirect switched adaptive control loops, respectively. From the practical point of view, the relevance of this work is validated in a new switched impedance control for the robot interaction with uncertain and discontinuous environments.
Predictive compensation based quantization iterative learning control for nonlinear nonaffine discrete‐time systems
Authors: Zhang Huimin , Chi Ronghu , Huang Biao
Published: October 2022

In this work, the problems of predictive compensation, unknown nonlinearity, and nonaffine structure are considered simultaneously for a quantized iterative learning control (QILC) design and analysis under a data‐driven framework. The compensation strategy can avoid deteriorated data transmission quality owing to limited channel capacities. First, a dynamic linearization methodology is employed to transform the nonlinear plant into a virtual iterative linear data model (iLDM) which includes all the input signals over a time‐window from the initial time instant to the current one. The iLDM is also used as a predictive model to estimate the unavailable information caused by the encoding–decoding mechanism. Then, a predictive compensation‐based QILC is proposed by optimizing quadratic functions, which includes an output prediction mechanism, a quantized iterative learning updating law, a quantized iterative parameter estimation law, and a resetting algorithm. The result is also extended to a class of MIMO nonlinear nonaffine discrete‐time systems. The developed control laws are data‐driven and independent of any system information. The theoretical results are proved by the use of contraction mapping principle and induction method. Examples are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Sample size determination for the association between longitudinal and time‐to‐event outcomes using the joint modeling time‐dependent slopes parameterization
Authors: LeClair Jessica , Massaro Joseph , Sverdlov Oleksandr , Gordon Leslie , Tripodis Yorghos
Published: October 2022

Given their improvements in bias reduction and efficiency, joint models (JMs) for longitudinal and time‐to‐event data offer great potential to clinical trials. However, for JM to become more widely used, there is a need for additional development of design considerations. To this end, Chen et al previously developed two closed‐form sample size formulas in the JM setting. In this current work, we expand upon this framework by utilizing the time‐dependent slopes parameterization, where the change in the longitudinal outcome influences the hazard, in addition to the current value of the longitudinal process. Our extended formula for the required number of events can be used when testing significance of the association between the longitudinal and time‐to‐event outcomes. We find that if the data indeed are generated such that not only the current value, but also the slope of the longitudinal outcome influence the hazard of the time‐to‐event process, it is advisable to use the current formula developed utilizing the time‐dependent slopes parameterization. In this setting, our proposed formula will provide a more accurate estimate of power compared to the method by Chen et al. To illustrate our proposed method, we present power calculations of a biomarker qualification study for Hutchinson‐Gilford progeria syndrome, an ultra‐rare premature aging disease.
Geschlitzte Fassadenunterkonstruktionen
Authors: Kuhnhenne Markus , Pyschny Dominik , Pauli Gesa , Vontein Marius
Published: October 2022

Die Wärmebrückenwirkung von Fassadenunterkonstruktionen aus Metall kann durch den Einbau geschlitzter Unterkonstruktionen reduziert werden, wodurch die energetische Qualität vorgehängter hinterlüfteter Fassaden erhöht werden kann. Fehlende Bemessungshilfen zur Berücksichtigung der Schlitzgeometrien in der Unterkonstruktion verhindern allerdings häufig die Anwendung in der Praxis. Im Rahmen eines durch die AiF geförderten Forschungsvorhabens wird das Lehr‐ und Forschungsgebiet für Nachhaltigkeit im Metallleichtbau in Zusammenarbeit mit dem Lehrstuhl für Stahlbau und Leichtmetallbau der RWTH Aachen University Lösungen zur statischen und bauphysikalischen Bemessung von geschlitzten Stahlleichtbauprofilen für die Gebäudehülle aus Metall entwickeln. Die vorliegende Bearbeitung zeigt zwei Ansätze zur Ermittlung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten von Außenwänden mit geschlitzten Unterkonstruktionen aus Metall. Ein Verfahren nimmt den geometrischen Weg der durch die Schlitzgeometrie abfließenden Wärme auf und leitet hieraus eine äquivalente Wärmeleitfähigkeit des geschlitzten Profils ab. Bei dem zweiten Verfahren wird der geschlitzte Stegbereich durch einen Bereich mit äquivalenter Wärmeleitfähigkeit ersetzt und kann hiermit im Rahmen von vereinfachten FEM‐Berechnungen berücksichtigt werden. Beide Ansätze sollen im Rahmen des Forschungsvorhabens validiert werden.
Alternative photothermal/electrothermal hierarchical membrane for hypersaline water treatment
Authors: Wang Miao , He Wen , Hua Yuhui , Xie Xinwen , Chen Shiyan , Zhou Lei , Zhang Yunmao , Hou Yaqi , Lin Shihong , Xia Haiping , Zheng Jing , Hou Xu
Published: October 2022

Over the last decades, the treatment of the large quantities of hypersaline wastewater generated by conventional industries, inland desalination, and fossil‐fueled power plants has been an important economic issue and also an inescapable green issue. Here, we developed a versatile interfacial heating membrane with alternating utilization of electricity or solar energy for hypersaline water treatment. This hierarchical membrane functions both as a separation membrane and an interface heater, which can quickly (<0.1 s) convert electricity or solar energy into heat to evaporate the outermost layer of hypersaline water. For 10 wt% hypersaline water, the freshwater production rate can reach 16.8 kg/m2·h by applying a voltage of 10 V and 1.36 kg/m2·h under 1‐sun illumination. Moreover, it exhibits high electrochemical resistance to corrosion and therefore remains stable tackling hypersaline water (>5 wt%), with a high salt rejection rate of 99.99%. This system shows an efficient desalination strategy that can provide fresh water from brines for agriculture and industry, and even for daily life.
Transferring classroom experiences to practical career needs
Authors: Maxwell Katia , Pittman Shannon , Hester Leigh , Miller‐Curtis Vanessa , Roberts Kim , Smith Derrek
Published: October 2022

Higher education today is no longer what it once was. Once upon a time, students only had the option to attend classes in person. The first shift from this format happened when students began taking classes through correspondence, where materials were physically mailed out. Later, as technology increased, a new format led to students being able to take courses in remote locations through video conferences, being able to interact with a professor and students at other locations. This approach was known as Interactive Television courses or ITV. We then had one of our biggest shifts where Higher Education embraced online learning and online courses and fully online institutions were created. Synchronous and asynchronous classes were offered in an online format and have even expanded into blended, Hyflex, and flipped classes. In addition to these changes on how classes are taught, the way that students learn also evolved. There have always been identifiable three ways that students learned: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic approaches. Oftentimes, faculty leaned on teaching based on the style of a combination of visual and kinesthetic learners. However, over time, it has been shown through research that students learn best by doing. In this chapter, we will share how Athens State University has embraced Experiential Learning.
Experiential learning: An innovative way to bring success in the future endeavors of transfer students
Authors: Maxwell Katia , Pittman Shannon
Published: October 2022

The world of Higher Education has been evolving for some time. From only offering classes in a traditional face‐to‐face format, to correspondence classes, higher education now has the ability to teach fully online courses and programs. However, no matter how classes are taught, the primary goal in Higher Education has always been to educate students. Students have also changed from those of the generation that make up the majority of the current teaching faculty. Current traditional students grew up with technology, and many do not know what life is like without it. For this reason, faculty have to be more intentional with their content. One way to do this and to re‐emphasize the theoretical and conceptual knowledge that they have learned is through High‐Impact Practices. Athens State University developed the Experience|Success initiative which focuses on providing students with Experiential Learning activities using High‐Impact practices.
Pointwise space–time estimates for compressible Navier–Stokes equations for a reacting mixture
Authors: Wang Wenjun , Wu Zhigang
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we consider the pointwise space–time behaviors of solutions for the dynamic combustion of compressible reactive mixture. The pointwise estimates of global solutions are established in the whole space by using the Green's function method. These estimates also show the wave propagation of the solution. As a by‐product, the ‐norm decay rates of the solution are achieved.
Correction to: Robotics in Education
Authors: Merdan Munir , Lepuschitz Wilfried , Koppensteiner Gottfried , Balogh Richard , Obdržálek David
Published: October 2022

The original versions of the Chapters 17 and 25 were previously published as non-open access. They have now been changed to open access under the CC BY 4.0 license and the copyright holder updated to ‘The Author(s)’. The book and the chapters have been updated with the changes.
Simulating Preoperative Preparations with Focus on Non-technical Skills in an OR Nursing Education Program in Norway
Authors: Antonsen Kjersti Natvig , Hofstad Janne Kristin
Published: October 2022

This chapter describes the planning, implementation, and evaluation of non-technical skills simulations in an operating room (OR) nursing program in Norway. Three scenarios of preoperative preparations in the OR were simulated, each of which was followed by facilitated debriefing sessions. These sessions consisted of three phases: description, analysis, and application. To achieve the highest standard of care and ensure patient safety in the OR, it is necessary for Norwegian OR nurses to be proficient in the responsibilities and functions of both circulating and scrub nurse roles, including teamwork and non-technical skills. With respect to the three domains of educational purpose—qualification, socialization, and subjectification—the simulation activities aimed to enhance knowledge, ability, and understanding of non-technical skills in the OR, thus socializing the students to their new profession while also encouraging their independence. The Norwegian adaptation of the Scrub Practitioners’ List of Intraoperative Non-Technical Skills (SPLINTS-no) behavioral rating tool was used by the students for reflection and learning throughout the teaching activities. The majority of participants agreed or fully agreed that the three phases of debriefing were helpful for their learning. Simulation of non-technical skills in the preoperative OR can therefore be a valuable learning experience for OR nursing students, through the use of both low- and high-fidelity simulations in partnership with nurse anesthetist students.
Adding Value and Ethical Principles to Educational Data
Authors: Mougiakou Sofia , Vinatsella Dimitra , Sampson Demetrios , Papamitsiou Zacharoula , Giannakos Michail , Ifenthaler Dirk
Published: October 2022

The goals on this chapter are to:
On the Characteristics of Internal Software Startups
Authors: Tkalich Anastasiia , Edison Henry
Published: October 2022

In recent years, more attention has been given to internal software startups in practice and in research alike, yet the concept is not fully understood. Nor is it clear whether or not it significantly differs from stand-alone software startup, and if yes, then how. In this position paper, we propose to conceptualize internal software startups as a hybrid of two related concepts: stand-alone software startup and internal corporate venture (ICV). We derive characteristics of the both concepts from the earlier literature and use our previous research on internal software startups to uncover the differences and the similarities across the three concepts.
Interrelation of Digitalization and Digital Transformation in a Maritime Company
Authors: Ulfsnes Rasmus , Moe Nils Brede , Hanssen Geir Kjetil , Buan Thor Aleksander
Published: October 2022

Many organizations must undergo digitalization and digital transformation (DT) simultaneously; in itself, either is daunting. For 15 months, we followed the ongoing digitalization and DT activities at a maritime company with over 3700 employees through a qualitative analysis of 20 interviews, a workshop, and several documents. We see how digitalization and DT are inherently interrelated; DT and digitalization have common enablers through technology such as AI, and common processes in continuous software development. They also share many challenges, including lack of resources and internal resistance against change. Through acquiring data in the digitalization of core services, companies can undergo DT by utilizing data in new and profound ways to build services with new value propositions. In conclusion, digitalization and DT are necessary for incumbent companies and require careful balancing of resources, competence, and technology.
The value of magnetic resonance imaging in the preoperative diagnosis of tibial plateau fractures: a systematic literature review
Authors: Thürig Gregoire , Korthaus Alexander , Frosch Karl-Heinz , Krause Matthias
Published: October 2022

Purpose

The outcome of a tibial plateau fracture (TPF) depends on the fracture reduction achieved and the extent of soft-tissue lesions, including lesions in the ligaments, cartilage, and menisci. Sub-optimal treatment can result in poor knee function and osteoarthritis. Preoperative planning is primarily based on conventional X-ray and computed tomography (CT), which are unsuitable for diagnosing soft-tissue lesions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is not routinely performed. To date, no literature exists that clearly states the indications for preoperative MRI. This systematic review aimed to determine the frequency of soft-tissue lesions in TPFs, the association between fracture type and soft-tissue lesions, and the types of cases for which MRI is indicated.

Methods

A systematic review of the literature was based on articles located in PubMed/MEDLINE and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), supplemented by searching the included articles’ reference lists and the ePublication lists of leading orthopedic and trauma journals.

Results

A total of 1138 studies were retrieved. Of these, 18 met the eligibility criteria and included a total of 877 patients. The proportion of total soft-tissue lesions was 93.0%. The proportions of soft-tissue lesions were as follows: medial collateral ligament 20.7%, lateral collateral ligament 22.9%, anterior cruciate ligament 36.8%, posterior cruciate ligament 14.8%, lateral meniscus 48.9%, and medial meniscus 24.5%. A weak association was found between increasing frequency of LCL and ACL lesions and an increase in fracture type according to Schatzker's classification. No standard algorithm for MRI scans of TPFs was found.

Conclusion

At least one ligament or meniscal lesion is present in 93.0% of TPF cases. More studies with higher levels of evidence are needed to find out in which particular cases MRI adds value. However, MRI is recommended, at least in young patients and cases of high-energy trauma.
Is intra-articular injection of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue effective in hip osteoarthritis? A three year follow-up
Authors: Natali Simone , Screpis Daniele , Romeo Michele , Magnanelli Stefano , Rovere Giuseppe , Andrea Amarossi , Camarda Lawrence , Zorzi Claudio
Published: October 2022

Background

Recently, increased attention on regenerative medicine and biological injective treatments have been proposed to restore native cartilage. Micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT) has been studied for its anti-inflammatory, paracrine, and immunomodulatory effects. The long-term effects of MFAT are still poorly understood: the aim of the present study is to demonstrate how hip articular injections with autologous MFAT can have an impact on clinical outcomes.

Methods

Seventy-one consecutive patients affected by early hip osteoarthritis underwent an ultrasound-guided hip injection of autologous MFAT between June 2017 and December 2018. Patients were divided into four groups according to the Oxford Hip Score. All patients received 4 mL of autologous micro-fragmented adipose tissue under an ultrasound guide. A clinical evaluation was done between 29 and 41 months after the initial treatment. During this follow-up period, we recorded any new treatment the patients had done, whether that be injection or arthroplasty surgery.

Results

The study included 55 patients. Out of 55 patients, 28 saw benefits and were in no need of further treatment. Moreover, the score between the beginning and control increased by 6.9 points. Ten patients underwent a new articular injection: the mean time between the two injections was 635.7 ± 180 days. Seventeen patients underwent total hip replacement: the mean period between the autologous MFAT injection and the surgery was 495 days.

Conclusion

This study found that intra-articular injections with autologous MFAT achieve beneficial clinical results in patients affected by early to moderate hip osteoarthritis, with an OHS between 48 and 30. Furthermore, these subjects are the ideal patients for whom this treatment obtains good clinical results.
The Prognostic Value of Nodal Skip Metastasis in Patients with Esophageal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Li Xiaokun , Shang Qixin , Yang Yushang , Zhou Jianfeng , Fang Pinhao , Luan Siyuan , Xiao Xin , Yuan Yong
Published: October 2022

Background

Esophageal cancer (EC) is the sixth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Nodal skip metastasis (NSM), a common form of lymphatic spread in EC, can be defined as the metastatic involvement of distant lymph nodes (LNs) without prior involvement of adjacent LNs. The results of the previous studies investigating the association between NSM and survival outcomes in patients with EC were inconsistent and even contradictory. The aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to investigate the prognostic value of NSM and to summarize the NSM definitions of EC in previous studies.

Methods

Four databases were used in this meta‐analysis. The association between NSM and overall survival (OS) was evaluated by using pooled HRs and their 95% confidence interval (CI). The sensitivity analysis and funnel plot were used to assess the publication bias.

Results

Nine studies were included in this meta‐analysis. The pooled results of meta‐analysis indicated that there was no significant association between NSM and OS (HR = 0.99, 95% CI: 0.75–1.31; P = 0.951). Meanwhile, according to the results of sub‐group analysis on the basis of histological feature, method of lymphadenectomy, node staging system, and NSM definitions, no significant association was found between NSM and OS.

Conclusions

On the basis of available evidences, NSM could not be used as a prognostic factor for patients with EC. For future studies investigating the prognostic value of NSM, only three‐field lymphadenectomy with adequate harvested LNs can be performed. NSM definitions based on lymph node station and anatomical compartment could both be feasible classification for EC.
Socio-demographic parameters and non-cardiac comorbidity related to self-perceived quality of life in young adults after neonatal arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries
Authors: Hövels-Gürich Hedwig H. , Lebherz Corinna , Korte Bettina , Vazquez-Jimenez Jaime F. , Marx Nikolaus , Kerst Gunter , Frick Michael
Published: October 2022

Evaluating the relation of non-cardiac comorbidity and socio-demographic factors to physical and mental health-related quality of life (QOL) which has been partially found at elevated risk in young adults after neonatal arterial switch operation (ASO) for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). In a prospective reassessment study, results of 92 unselected young adults (22.8 ± 2.6 years) having undergone evaluation of QOL (SF-36) were related to non-cardiac comorbidity with special respect to neurologic and psychiatric comorbidity and to socio-demographic parameters. Neurologic (14%) contrary to psychiatric comorbidities (6.5%) were more frequent than in the general population. The educational level was higher, the rate of unemployment was double as high compared to the average German population. Significant inverse relations (p = 0.006 to 0.033) existed between physical health domains (physical functioning and general health perception) and non-cardiac, neurologic, and psychiatric comorbidity, as well as correlations between the latter domains and socio-economic status, educational level, and worse employment status (Spearman 0.22–0.41, p < 0.0001 to 0.036). Mental health domains (vitality, social functioning, psychical health) were significantly inversely related with neurologic and psychiatric comorbidity (p = 0.002 to 0.048) and correlated with higher educational level (Spearman 0.25, p = 0.019). Neurologic and psychiatric comorbidities and socio-demographic parameters are significant risk factors for a reduced QOL concerning physical and mental health in young adults with TGA after ASO. Standardized QOL measurement should be part of routine screening programs to detect subclinical physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial comorbidity.

Graphical abstract
Muscle fatigue response of rotator cuff muscles in different postures
Authors: Aranha Lisanne , Eapen Charu , Patel Vivek D. , Prabhakar Ashish J. , Hariharan Karthik
Published: October 2022

Introduction

Muscle fatigue is a leading cause of rotator cuff (RC) pathologies. Scapular orientation affected by changes in the thoracic spine account for differences in body postures leading to altered RC muscle activation. This posture-related alteration in RC muscle activation and its fatigue response needs to be analyzed.

Materials and methods

This study included 50 healthy shoulders with no coexisting spine pathologies. Raw data were recorded using electromyography sensors for RC muscles during two isometric maneuvers of abduction and external rotation, performed at 30% maximum voluntary contraction at 30°, 45°, and 90° arm elevation in sitting and standing. The raw data were analyzed in DataLITE® software, and the mean power frequency (MPF) was extracted to analyze the fatigue response of RC muscles. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kruskal–Wallis test with Bonferroni corrections analyzed fatigue differences between postures and various activities. P < 0.05 was considered significant for the results.

Results

Supraspinatus muscle demonstrated significant fatigue at 90° of arm elevation in standing as compared to sitting (MPF −5.40: −5.41; P = 0.03) posture. Between the three elevation angles, all the RC muscles showed increased fatigue at 90° (MPF range −5.22 to −6.64). When compared between abduction and external rotation, only infraspinatus showed fatigue in external rotation (MPF range −5.42 to −6.08). Among all the three RC muscles, infraspinatus showed the maximum fatigue of MPF −6.64 when compared to supraspinatus −5.22 and teres minor −5.36.

Conclusion

The findings indicate that alterations in the body postures and different elevation angles affect the RC muscles’ fatigue response.
Control of parallelized bioreactors II: probabilistic quantification of carboxylic acid reductase activity for bioprocess optimization
Authors: von den Eichen Nikolas , Osthege Michael , Dölle Michaela , Bromig Lukas , Wiechert Wolfgang , Oldiges Marco , Weuster-Botz Dirk
Published: October 2022

Autonomously operated parallelized mL-scale bioreactors are considered the key to reduce bioprocess development cost and time. However, their application is often limited to products with very simple analytics. In this study, we investigated enhanced protein expression conditions of a carboxyl reductase fromNocardia otitidiscaviaruminE. coli. Cells were produced with exponential feeding in a L-scale bioreactor. After the desired cell density for protein expression was reached, the cells were automatically transferred to 48 mL-scale bioreactors operated by a liquid handling station where protein expression studies were conducted. During protein expression, the feed rate and the inducer concentration was varied. At the end of the protein expression phase, the enzymatic activity was estimated by performing automated whole-cell biotransformations in a deep-well-plate. The results were analyzed with hierarchical Bayesian modelling methods to account for the biomass growth during the biotransformation, biomass interference on the subsequent product assay, and to predict absolute and specific enzyme activities at optimal expression conditions. Lower feed rates seemed to be beneficial for high specific and absolute activities. At the optimal investigated expression conditions an activity of$$1153\ U\ mL^{-1}$$1153UmL-1was estimated with a$$90\%$$90%credible interval of$$[992, 1321]\ U\ mL^{-1}$$[992,1321]UmL-1. This is about 40-fold higher than the highest published data for the enzyme under investigation. With the proposed setup, 192 protein expression conditions were studied during four experimental runs with minimal manual workload, showing the reliability and potential of automated and digitalized bioreactor systems.
Genesis and progress of virtual power principle
Authors: Romano Giovanni , Barretta Raffaele , Diaco Marina
Published: October 2022

The virtual power principle (VPP) of continuum mechanics states a celebrated variational equality between external and internal virtual powers for any virtual velocity field conforming with linear kinematic constraints. The topic is here addressed to investigate how the original ideas born in the early XIX century are modelled by modern formulations based on Functional Analysis and Differential Geometry. These notions are able to provide an effective mathematical context for proving existence of Lagrange multipliers associated with the constraint of rigidity on velocity fields. The VPP stands as privileged tool for giving to stress fields a consistent definition based on duality with conforming virtual stretching fields. By complementarity, the VPP generates a variational condition for integrability of stretching fields, with self-equilibrated stresses as test fields. Progress is got by the formulation of the rate virtual power principle (RVPP) by time derivation of the VPP along the motion, with internal virtual power integrated per unit mass. The basic distinction between spatial and material fields according to the geometric paradigm is prompted to replace the one previously adopted in the literature. The need for a non-redundant implicit formulation of the rigidity constraint is emphasised to contrast degeneracy. This logical demand avoids proliferation of multipliers, in the spirit of Ockham’s Razor, a celebrated philosophical motto with multiform applications. The shining mathematical theory set out by Leonhard Euler, Jean-Baptiste Le Rond d’Alembert, Joseph Louis Lagrange, and Augustin Cauchy is in this respect a point of optimality. A geometric rate theory of elasticity meets the call for no-dissipation in push-closed elastic cycles, with non need of any finite strain elastic energy functional, thus leading to a proper statement of rate equilibrium problems, basilar for computational formulations and for investigations about instability phenomena and post-critical behaviours.
Zur Akzeptanz der Begrenzung
Authors: Löffler-Stastka Henriette
Published: October 2022

Unbewusste affektiv-kognitive Phänomene beeinflussen Entscheidungsfindung, Entwicklung von Einstellungen, Problemlösung und Kreativität. In chronischen Belastungssituationen kann durch das Akzeptieren des Nichtwissens die Handlungsfreiheit wiedergefunden werden.