bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Insomnia and Migraine: A Missed Call?
Authors: Torrente Angelo , Vassallo Lavinia , Alonge Paolo , Pilati Laura , Gagliardo Andrea , Ventimiglia Davide , Lupica Antonino , Di Stefano Vincenzo , Camarda Cecilia , Brighina Filippo
Published: February 2024

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological conditions, presenting episodes of throbbing headache that limit activities of daily living. Several factors may influence migraine frequency, such as lifestyle or alcohol consumption. Among the most recognised ones, sleep plays a biunivocal role, since poor sleep quality may worsen migraine frequency, and a high migraine frequency may affect sleep quality. In this paper, the authors evaluate the relationship between migraine and insomnia by exploring a cohort of patients affected by episodic or chronic migraine. To do so, a phone interview was performed, asking patients about their migraine frequency and mean pain intensity, in addition to the questions of the Insomnia Severity Index. The last one explores several symptoms impairing sleep that focus on insomnia. Patients complaining of insomnia showed an increased migraine frequency, and a weak but significant correlation was found between headache days per month and insomnia scores. Such results were particularly evident in patients affected by chronic migraine. Such results suggest how insomnia, in the presented data, seems to be associated with migraine frequency but not with pain intensity.
Silver Containing Antimicrobial Coatings on Innovative Ti-30Nb-5Mo β-Alloy Prepared by Micro-Arc Oxidation for Biomedical Implant Applications
Authors: Cardoso Giovana Collombaro , Barbaro Katia , Kuroda Pedro Akira Bazaglia , De Bonis Angela , Teghil Roberto , Monteleone Valentina , Imperatori Luca , Ortenzi Marco , Antoniac Iulian , Grandini Carlos Roberto , Rau Julietta V.
Published: February 2024

Micro-arc oxidation (MAO) is a versatile surface-modification method that promotes higher wear and corrosion resistance, osseointegration, and biological activity to titanium alloys’ surfaces. This study aimed to modify the surface of a recently developed metastable β Ti alloy, which exhibits more favorable mechanical properties for implant applications compared to some commercial Ti alloys, by incorporating Ag into the coatings to introduce a bactericidal function to the surface. The Ti-30Nb-5Mo alloy, with lower elastic modulus, was treated by the MAO method using electrolyte solutions containing calcium acetate, magnesium acetate, β-glycerol phosphate, and varied concentrations of silver nitrate (1.5 mM, 2.5 mM, and 3.5 mM). With an increase in the concentration of silver ions in the electrolyte, the galvanostatic period during the MAO process decreased from 1.7 s to 0.5 s. The Ca/P ratio increased from 0.72 up to 1.36. X-ray diffraction showed that the MAO coatings were formed by rutile and anatase TiO2 main phases and calcium phosphates. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis detected the presence of amorphous Nb2O5, CaCO3, and MgCO3, and metallic and oxide forms of Ag. The increase in Ag in the electrolyte decreased the coating thickness (from 14.2 μm down to 10.0 μm), increased the contact angle (from 37.6° up to 57.4°), and slightly increased roughness (from 0.64 μm up to 0.79 μm). The maximum inhibition of Enterococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans strains growth was of 43%, 43%, and 61%, respectively. The Ag did not negatively affect the differentiation of adipose-tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Therefore, the treatment of the surface of the innovative Ti-30Nb-5Mo alloy by the MAO method was effective in producing a noncytotoxic porous coating with bactericidal properties and improved osseointegration capabilities.
Mechanical Analysis of Functionally Graded Multilayered Two-Dimensional Decagonal Piezoelectric Quasicrystal Laminates with Imperfect Interfaces
Authors: Wang Yuxuan , Liu Chao , Zhang Liangliang , Pan Ernian , Gao Yang
Published: February 2024

Quasicrystals have a wide range of applications due to their unique multi-field coupling effects and distinctive physical and mechanical characteristics. In this paper, the static and dynamic problems of imperfectly bonded, multilayered, functionally graded, two-dimensional decagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal laminates under mixed boundary conditions are investigated. The state equations in a concise and compact matrix form can be expressed by using differential quadrature regional discrete point expansions in any layer of the laminate. This allows for the representation of displacement, stress, electric potential, and electric displacement components. Then, different imperfect interface conditions are introduced to characterize specific structural and electric contact properties at the bounding interfaces, which are further converted to the interface propagator matrix. Numerical examples are carried out to investigate the impact of varying interface compliances, load types, and functional gradient factors on the static bending and vibration phenomena of QC laminates. These results can be used as references to validate existing or future numerical work on QC laminates and could further guide the design of related QC laminate structures.
Geotemporal Fluorophore Biodistribution Mapping of Colorectal Cancer: Micro and Macroscopic Insights
Authors: Hardy Niall P. , Mulligan Niall , Dalli Jeffrey , Epperlein Jonathan P. , Neary Peter M. , Robertson William , Liddy Richard , Thorpe Stephen D. , Aird John J. , Cahill Ronan A.
Published: February 2024

Fluorescence-guided oncology promises to improve both the detection and treatment of malignancy. We sought to investigate the temporal distribution of indocyanine green (ICG), an exogenous fluorophore in human colorectal cancer. This analysis aims to enhance our understanding of ICG’s effectiveness in current tumour detection and inform potential future diagnostic and therapeutic enhancements. Methods: Fifty consenting patients undergoing treatment for suspected/confirmed colorectal neoplasia provided near infrared (NIR) video and imagery of transanally recorded and ex vivo resected rectal lesions following intravenous ICG administration (0.25 mg/kg), with a subgroup providing tissue samples for microscopic (including near infrared) analysis. Computer vision techniques detailed macroscopic ‘early’ (<15 min post ICG administration) and ‘late’ (>2 h) tissue fluorescence appearances from surgical imagery with digital NIR scanning (Licor, Lincoln, NE, USA) and from microscopic analysis (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) undertaken by a consultant pathologist detailing tissue-level fluorescence distribution over the same time. Results: Significant intra-tumoural fluorescence heterogeneity was seen ‘early’ in malignant versus benign lesions. In all ‘early’ samples, fluorescence was predominantly within the tissue stroma, with uptake within plasma cells, blood vessels and lymphatics, but not within malignant or healthy glands. At ‘late’ stage observation, fluorescence was visualised non-uniformly within the intracellular cytoplasm of malignant tissue but not retained in benign glands. Fluorescence also accumulated within any present peritumoural inflammatory tissue. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the time course diffusion patterns of ICG through both benign and malignant tumours in vivo in human patients at both macroscopic and microscopic levels, demonstrating important cellular drivers and features of geolocalisation and how they differ longitudinally after exposure to ICG.
Prognostic Impact of Histologic Subtype and Divergent Differentiation in Patients with Metastatic Urothelial Carcinoma Treated with Enfortumab Vedotin: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Minato Akinori , Furubayashi Nobuki , Nagata Yujiro , Tomoda Toshihisa , Masaoka Hiroyuki , Song Yoohyun , Hori Yoshifumi , Kiyoshima Keijiro , Negishi Takahito , Kuroiwa Kentaro , Seki Narihito , Tomisaki Ikko , Harada Kenichi , Nakamura Motonobu , Fujimoto Naohiro
Published: February 2024

Subtype of urothelial carcinoma (SUC), defined here as urothelial carcinoma with any histologic subtype or divergent differentiation, is a clinically aggressive disease. However, the efficacy of enfortumab vedotin (EV) against SUC remains unclear. Hence, this study aimed to assess the oncological outcomes of patients with SUC treated with EV for metastatic disease. We retrospectively evaluated consecutive patients with advanced lower and upper urinary tract cancer who received EV after platinum-based chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy at six institutions. The objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS) were compared between patients with pure urothelial carcinoma (PUC) and those with SUC. We identified 44 and 18 patients with PUC and SUC, respectively. Squamous differentiation was the most common subtype element, followed by glandular differentiation and sarcomatoid subtype. Although patients with SUC had a comparable ORR to those with PUC, the duration of response for SUC was short. Patients with SUC had poorer PFS than those with PUC; however, no significant difference was observed in OS. Multivariate analysis revealed that SUC was significantly associated with shorter PFS. Although the response of metastatic SUC to EV was similar to that of PUC, SUC showed faster progression than PUC.
Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma: Differences between Lesions in Incidental and Nonincidental Settings—Considerations on These Clinical Entities and Personal Experience
Authors: Lucandri Giorgio , Fiori Giulia , Falbo Francesco , Pende Vito , Farina Massimo , Mazzocchi Paolo , Santonati Assunta , Bosco Daniela , Spada Antonio , Santoro Emanuele
Published: February 2024

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) represents 35–40% of all papillary cancers; it is defined as a nodule ≤ 10 mm at the time of histological diagnosis. The clinical significance of PTMC is still controversial, and it may be discovered in two settings: incidental PTMC (iPTMC), in which it is identified postoperatively upon histological examination of thyroid specimens following thyroid surgery for benign disease, and nonincidental PTMC (niPTMC), in which it is diagnosed before surgery. While iPTMC appears to be related to mild behavior and favorable clinical outcomes, niPTMC may exhibit markers of aggressiveness. We retrospectively review our experience, selecting 54 PTMCs: 28 classified as niPTMC (52%) and 26 classified as iPTMC (48%). Patients with niPTMC showed significant differences, such as younger age at diagnosis (p < 0.001); a lower male/female ratio (p < 0.01); a larger mean nodule diameter (p < 0.001); and a higher rate of aggressive pathological findings, such as multifocality, capsular invasion and/or lymphovascular invasion (p = 0.035). Other differences found in the niPTMC subgroup included a higher preoperative serum TSH level, higher hospital morbidity and a greater need for postoperative iodine ablation therapy (p < 0.05), while disease-free long-term survival did not differ between subgroups (p = 0.331) after a mean follow-up (FU) of 87 months, with one nodal recurrence among niPTMCs. The differences between iPTMC and niPTMC were consistent: patients operated on for total thyroidectomy and showing iPTMC can be considered healed after surgery, and follow-up should be designed to properly calibrate hormonal supplementation; conversely, niPTMC may sometimes exhibit aggressive behavior, and so the FU regimen should be closer and aimed at early detection of cancer recurrence.
The Diversity of Metazoan Parasites of South American Stromateidae (Pisces: Teleostei) Is Related to Marine Biogeography
Authors: Oliva Marcelo E. , Ñacari Luis A. , Escribano Ruben , Luque José L.
Published: February 2024

The diversity of parasite communities is mainly driven by evolutionary history, as well as the ecology of the host species. To test whether the diversity of the parasite community of four related Stromateidae (Pisces: Scombriformes) is related to evolutionary history (the host phylogeny) or the host’s geographical distribution, we analyzed the metazoan parasite fauna of four species of fishes of this family, from the Pacific and Atlantic coasts of South America. Studied species were Peprilus snyderi (samples from Callao, Perú, and Antofagasta, Chile), Peprilus medius (Chorrillos, Perú), Peprilus paru (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and Stromateus stellatus (Talcahuano, Chile). Our multivariate analysis strongly suggests that the diversity of the parasite fauna of the studied fishes is driven mainly by the host’s geographical distribution and not the host phylogeny.
Environmental and Economic Benefits Induced by a Remanufactured Portable Power Station
Authors: Yang Soo , Hwang Yong , Kim Young , Park Mi , Nam Jun , Kang Hong
Published: February 2024

The recent announcement by the European Union of the Fit for 55 Package and a prospective ban on the sale of new internal combustion engine vehicles by 2035 has prompted a notable surge in the electric vehicle (EV) market. The shift toward EVs concurrently presents challenges, namely the resource management of used EV batteries, particularly their reuse, recycling, and remanufacturing. Accordingly, this study aims to analyze the effects of the reduced environmental impacts of a remanufactured portable power station (RPPS) compared with those of a new portable power station (NPPS) using life cycle assessment (LCA) and the economic benefits gained from reusing used EV batteries. The results of the LCA of the RPPS indicated a notable environmental advantage, with reductions of 42.01% in GWP and 41.91% in ADP compared with those achieved by the NPPS. Moreover, the economic benefits of the waste battery remanufacturing business amounted to USD 593,212 at an annual sales volume of 1000 units. The environmental benefits of remanufacturing practices represent valuable support for policies centered on remanufacturing and reusing used EV batteries. The findings of this study could stimulate a future market for products repurposed from used EV batteries, thereby further fostering sustainability in this sector.
Optimal Allocation Stochastic Model of Distributed Generation Considering Demand Response
Authors: He Shuaijia , Liu Junyong
Published: February 2024

Demand response (DR) can improve the accommodation of renewable energy and further affect the distributed generation (DG) allocation strategy. In this context, this paper proposes a stochastic optimal allocation model of DG, considering DR. Firstly, to address the uncertainty of wind and solar power outputs, a large number of scenarios of wind and solar power are generated based on the scenario method, which are then clustered into 10 typical scenarios by the k-means method. Secondly, with the goal of maximizing the total cost, the DR cost and corresponding constraints are introduced. Then, the stochastic planning model for DG is established, where the planning level aims to minimize the investment cost while the operation level minimizes the total operation expectation cost. For the non-linear term in the DR cost and power flow constraint, the Taylor expansion method and second-order conic relaxation method are both adopted to transform the original mixed-integer non-linear model to the mixed-integer second-order conic planning model. Finally, the whole planning model for DG is solved by CPLEX 12.6.0. The results show that DR can reduce the total cost and improve the accommodation of renewable energy in the DG planning process, which should be paid more attention to in the DG planning model.
From Agricultural Waste to Energy: Assessing the Bioenergy Potential of South-Central Texas
Authors: Ertuğrul Ömer , Daher Bassel , Özgünaltay Ertuğrul Gülden , Mohtar Rabi
Published: February 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of meeting increasing energy needs by assessing the potential of bioenergy as a sustainable resource option in South Central Texas. Available agricultural crop residues suitable for bioenergy production are evaluated from the 21 counties in South Central Texas Regional Water Planning Area (Region L). The residues produced and available for bioenergy are quantified according to the production areas for each field crop and tree area. Residue-to-product ratios of field crops are determined according to crop type and production quantity. Biomass potential of trees is calculated based on tree density and biomass production per tree. The results demonstrate that the potential productions of utilizable agricultural wastes are in the range of 898.7 t kt–1421.39 kt for Region L. The average annual energy potential is estimated at 19.27 PJ, and ranges between 14.36 and 24.18 PJ. The average potential biomass-based electricity production could compensate significant amount of coal-based electricity generated in the Texas and when agricultural wastes are available.
Carbon Dioxide, Nitrous Oxide, and Methane: What Types of Greenhouse Gases Are Most Affected by Green Investments and Renewable Energy Development?
Authors: Kwilinski Aleksy , Dobrovolska Olena , Wołowiec Tomasz , Cwynar Wiktor , Didenko Iryna , Artyukhov Artem , Dluhopolskyi Oleksandr
Published: February 2024

The article aims to analyze the impact of green investments and the development of renewable energy on greenhouse gas emissions based on 223 countries in 2011–2021. The information base is the International Renewable Energy Agency, Our World in Data, Climate Policy Initiative, and FTSE Russell. Correlation analysis was used to check the data multicollinearity, multivariate regression analysis with stepwise variable entry—to formalize functional relationships. All variables characterizing the dynamics of green investments and the development of alternative energy, the number of annual investments in off-grid renewable energy has the largest impact on the amount of CO2 and N2O. Thus, an annual investment increase of USD 1 million leads to a CO2 emission increase of 4.5 kt and an N2O emission increase of 0.272 kt. Simultaneously, the green economy’s market capitalization level has the largest impact on the amount of CH4. In this case, a capitalization increases of USD 1 trillion leads to a CH4 emission increase of 129.53 kt. The dynamics of renewable energy development have a statistically significant effect on only one of the three studied greenhouse gases—CO2 emissions. Here, 1 MW growth of an absolute increase in off-grid renewable energy capacity leads to a 1171.17 kt reduction of CO2 emissions. Checking input data for lags confirmed a time lag of one year between the level of green investments and the level of greenhouse gas emissions. That is, the impact of green investments on the level of greenhouse gas emissions is delayed by one year. The results of regression models taking into account lags confirmed that an increase in the level of green investments has a positive effect on reducing the level of greenhouse gas emissions (an increase in off-grid renewable energy annual investments of USD 1 million leads to a decrease in CO2 of 1.18 kt and N2O of 1.102 kt; the increase in green economy market capitalization of USD 1 trillion leads to a decrease in CH4 emissions of 0.64 kt).
The Impact of Magnetic Field and Gibberellin Treatment on the Release of Dormancy and Internal Nutrient Transformation in Tilia miqueliana Maxim. Seeds
Authors: Shi Fenghou , Cao Yunxiang , Gao Yajun , Qiu Yuhou , Lu Yizeng , Han Biao , Shen Yongbao
Published: February 2024

The seeds of Tilia miqueliana Maxim. exhibit deep dormancy, which is categorized as combinational dormancy. This study utilized a comprehensive treatment involving magnetic fields, gibberellin (GA3), and cold stratification to promote the release of seed physiological dormancy and enhance germination rates. After being soaked in 98% H2SO4 for 15 min, mature seeds of Tilia were exposed to magnetic field treatments (150 MT, 250 MT) for different durations (25 min, 45 min, 65 min, and 85 min), as well as GA3 solution soaking (concentration: 0 μmol·L−1, 1443 μmol·L−1). Subsequently, cold stratification (0–5 °C) was applied to investigate the effects of these treatments on seed dormancy release and nutrient transformation. The results indicated that the comprehensive treatment involving magnetic field, GA3 solution soaking, and cold stratification effectively released the physiological dormancy of Tilia seeds and improved germination rates. Among the treatments, M150T85G1443 (magnetic field intensity: 150 MT, magnetic field treatment time: 85 min, GA3 soaking concentration: 1433 μmol·L−1) exhibited the most favorable outcome. After 75 days of cold stratification following the comprehensive treatments, the germination rate of M150T85G1443 seeds reached 89%. Additionally, the levels of storage substances such as starches and crude fats within the seeds decreased, while the utilization of soluble sugars and soluble proteins increased. The M150T85G1443 treatment exhibited the highest degree of variation, leading to gradual increases in metabolic activities of the seeds and a transition from dormancy to germination.
The Impact of Collective Forest Tenure Reform on Timber Production in China: An Empirical Analysis Based on Provincial Panel Data
Authors: Yang Guang , Wang Hui , Hou Yanyu , Jiang Xuemei , Hu Mingxing
Published: February 2024

China initiated a new collective forest tenure reform (CFTR) in 2003, which transferred the use rights of collective forest land and the ownership of collective trees to farmers. To assess the impact of the CFTR on timber production and to understand its underlying mechanisms, this study first conducted a theoretical analysis on how CFTR affects the production of commercial and non-commercial timber, leading to the provided hypotheses. Then, based on a panel dataset for 28 provinces from 1998 to 2018, a Time-varying Difference-in-Differences model was employed for empirical analysis. The results show that the CFTR led to an increase of 24.18% in commercial timber production and 34.37% in non-commercial timber production. The CFTR boosted the production of both types of timber initially, but the incremental effects were weakened over time. The incremental effects of the CFTR on commercial timber production was larger in regions with more collective forests. After the CFTR, the proportion of economic forest land in total forest land increased, contributing to a short-term rise in commercial timber production. In regions with higher timber market prices, reforms have a greater effect on increasing timber production, implying that farmers are more sensitive in their response to market values.
Evaluation of Accuracy in Estimating Diameter at Breast Height Based on the Scanning Conditions of Terrestrial Laser Scanning and Circular Fitting Algorithm
Authors: Lee Yongkyu , Lee Jungsoo
Published: February 2024

A growing societal interest exists in the application of lidar technology to monitor forest resource information and forestry management activities. This study examined the possibility of estimating the diameter at breast height (DBH) of two tree species, Pinus koraiensis (PK) and Larix kaempferi (LK), by varying the number of terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) scans (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9) and DBH estimation methods (circle fitting [CF], ellipse fitting [EF], circle fitting with RANSAC [RCF], and ellipse fitting with RANSAC [REF]). This study evaluates the combination that yields the highest estimation accuracy. The results showed that for PK, the lowest RMSE of 0.97 was achieved when REF was applied to the data from nine scans after noise removal. For LK, the lowest RMSE of 1.03 was observed when applying CF to the data from seven scans after noise removal. Furthermore, ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the estimated DBH from nine scans when more than three scans were used for CF and RCF and more than five for EF and REF. These results are expected to be useful in establishing efficient and accurate DBH estimation plans using TLS for forest resource monitoring.
Fungal Presence and Changes of Wood Structure in Bark Stripping Wounds Made by Red Deer (Cervus elaphus L.) on Stems of Fraxinus angustifolia (Vahl)
Authors: Kranjec Orlović Jelena , Diminić Danko , Ištok Iva , Volenec Ida , Hodak Luka , Grubešić Marijan , Tomljanović Kristijan
Published: February 2024

Narrow-leaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), a highly valued European forest tree species, has been severely affected by a large-scale decline, which is most probably driven by a complex of multiple interacting factors including fungi, which contribute to and accelerate this process. Red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) can be considered as one of the contributing factors, as they inflict damage on the stems of young trees by stripping the bark. These wounds not only represent suitable entry points for fungi which can cause tissue necroses and decomposition, they can lead to changes in the wood structure as well. The aims of this research were to analyze chosen parameters of bark stripping wounds in narrow-leaved ash stands, identify fungi present in the tissue exposed by wounding, and inspect the effect of wounding on the wood structure. Bark stripping was observed on ash trees from 2 cm up to 18 cm of DBH and between 0.1 m and 1.9 m of stem height. The most susceptible trees were those with an average DBH of 5 ± 2.5 cm. On most of the ash trees (51%), one-third to two-thirds of the circumference was damaged. In wounded tissue, 174 fungal isolates were found, most of which belonged to known endophytic fungi from the genera Trichoderma, Fusarium, and Clonostachys. It was observed that earlywood cells in the wounding zone had narrower lumens compared to ones in adjacent healthy zone with regard to different trees and stem heights.
Mechanical Properties of Cellulose Aerogel Composites with and without Crude Oil Filling
Authors: Paulauskiene Tatjana , Sirtaute Egle , Tadzijevas Arturas , Uebe Jochen
Published: February 2024

Aerogels are an excellent alternative to traditional oil absorbents and are designed to remove oil or organic solvents from water. Cellulose-based aerogels can be distinguished as polymers that are non-toxic, environmentally friendly, and biodegradable. The compression measurement properties of aerogels are often evaluated using dry samples. Here, oil-soaked, hydrophobized cellulose aerogel samples were examined in comparison to dry samples with and without additional hemp fibers and various levels of starch for crosslinking. The samples were characterized by compression measurement properties and filmed to evaluate the regeneration of the sorbent with repeated use. Overall, the measurements of the mechanical properties for the dry samples showed good reproducibility. The Young’s modulus of samples with additional hemp fibers is significantly increased and also shows higher strength than samples without hemp fibers. However, samples without hemp fibers showed slightly better relaxation after compression. Oil acts as a weak plasticizer for all aerogel samples. However, it is important to note that the oil does not cause the samples to decompose in the way unmodified cellulose aerogels do in water. Therefore, using hydrophobized cellulose aerogels as sorbents for oil in a sea or harbor with swell means that they can be collected in their entirety even after use.
3D-Printable Sustainable Bioplastics from Gluten and Keratin
Authors: Alshehhi Jumana Rashid Mohammed Haroub , Wanasingha Nisal , Balu Rajkamal , Mata Jitendra , Shah Kalpit , Dutta Naba K. , Choudhury Namita Roy
Published: February 2024

Bioplastic films comprising both plant- and animal-derived proteins have the potential to integrate the optimal characteristics inherent to the specific domain, which offers enormous potential to develop polymer alternatives to petroleum-based plastic. Herein, we present a facile strategy to develop hybrid films comprised of both wheat gluten and wool keratin proteins for the first time, employing a ruthenium-based photocrosslinking strategy. This approach addresses the demand for sustainable materials, reducing the environmental impact by using proteins from renewable and biodegradable sources. Gluten film was fabricated from an alcohol–water mixture soluble fraction, largely comprised of gliadin proteins. Co-crosslinking hydrolyzed low-molecular-weight keratin with gluten enhanced its hydrophilic properties and enabled the tuning of its physicochemical properties. Furthermore, the hierarchical structure of the fabricated films was studied using neutron scattering techniques, which revealed the presence of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic nanodomains, gliadin nanoclusters, and interconnected micropores in the matrix. The films exhibited a largely (>40%) β-sheet secondary structure, with diminishing gliadin aggregate intensity and increasing micropore size (from 1.2 to 2.2 µm) with an increase in keratin content. The hybrid films displayed improved molecular chain mobility, as evidenced by the decrease in the glass-transition temperature from ~179.7 °C to ~173.5 °C. Amongst the fabricated films, the G14K6 hybrid sample showed superior water uptake (6.80% after 30 days) compared to the pristine G20 sample (1.04%). The suitability of the developed system for multilayer 3D printing has also been demonstrated, with the 10-layer 3D-printed film exhibiting >92% accuracy, which has the potential for use in packaging, agricultural, and biomedical applications.
Exploring the Impact of Primer–Template Mismatches on PCR Performance of DNA Polymerases Varying in Proofreading Activity
Authors: Huang Ke , Zhang Jilei , Li Jing , Qiu Haixiang , Wei Lanjing , Yang Yi , Wang Chengming
Published: February 2024

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique in gene expression analysis, diagnostics, and various molecular biology applications. However, the accuracy and sensitivity of PCR can be compromised by primer–template mismatches, potentially leading to erroneous results. In this study, we strategically designed 111 primer–template combinations with varying numbers, types, and locations of mismatches to meticulously assess their impact on qPCR performance while two distinctly different types of DNA polymerases were used. Notably, when a single-nucleotide mismatch occurred at the 3’ end of the primer, we observed significant decreases in the analytical sensitivity (0–4%) with Invitrogen™ Platinum™ Taq DNA Polymerase High Fidelity, while the analytical sensitivity remained unchanged with Takara Ex Taq Hot Start Version DNA Polymerase. Leveraging these findings, we designed a highly specific PCR to amplify Babesia while effectively avoiding the genetically close Theileria. Through elucidating the critical interplay between types of DNA polymerases and primer–template mismatches, this research provides valuable insights for improving PCR accuracy and performance. These findings have important implications for researchers aiming to achieve robust qPCR results in various molecular biology applications.
Genetic Parameters for Limousine Interbeef Genetic Evaluation of Calving Traits
Authors: Veselá Zdeňka , Brzáková Michaela , Novotná Alexandra , Vostrý Luboš
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to estimate across-country genetic correlations for calving traits (birth weight, calving ease) in the Limousine breed. Correlations were estimated for eight populations (Czech Republic, joint population of Denmark, Finland, and Sweden, France, Great Britain, Ireland, Slovenia, Switzerland, and Estonia). An animal model on raw performance accounting for across-country interactions (AMACI) was used. (Co)variance components were estimated for pairwise combinations of countries. Fixed and random effects were defined by each country according to its national genetic evaluation system. The average across-country genetic correlation for the direct genetic effect was 0.85 for birth weight (0.69–0.96) and 0.75 for calving ease (0.62–0.94). The average correlation for the maternal genetic effect was 0.57 for birth weight and 0.61 for calving ease. After the estimation of genetic parameters, the weighted bending procedure was used to compute the full Interbeef genetic correlation matrix. After bending, direct genetic correlations ranged from 0.62 to 0.84 (with an average of 0.73) for birth weight and from 0.58 to 0.82 (with an average of 0.68) for calving ease.
Inspiratory Muscle Training Intensity in Patients Living with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Systematic Review
Authors: Beaujolin Anaïs , Mané Jessica , Presse Céline , Barbosa-Silva Jordana , Bernini Michela , Corbellini Camilo , de Abreu Raphael Martins
Published: February 2024

The benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) have been demonstrated in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVD); however, the optimal training intensity is not yet fully clarified. The purpose of this study was to review the impact of IMT intensity on respiratory muscle strength, functional and exercise capacity, pulmonary function, and quality of life in patients with CVD. This systematic review was carried out according to PRISMA statement and registered in the PROSPERO database (review protocol: CRD42023442378). Randomized controlled trials were retrieved on 3 July 2023 in the following electronic databases: Web of Science, PubMed, EMBASE, and SCOPUS. Studies were included if they assessed the impact of isolated IMT on CVD patients in comparison with sham, different intensities and/or intervention groups. Eight studies were included for final analysis; IMT consistently led to significantly greater improvements in inspiratory muscle strength compared to control (CON) groups. The intensity of IMT varied in the studies based on different percentages of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), ranging from 25% to 60% of MIP. The time of intervention ranged from 4 to 12 weeks. Despite this variability, the studies collectively suggested that IMT is beneficial for enhancing CVD patients’ conditions. However, the optimal intensity range for benefits appeared to vary, and no single intensity emerged as universally superior across all studies.
Urbanization, Bourgeois Culture, and the Institutionalization of the Frankfurt Neurological Institute by Ludwig Edinger (1855–1918)
Authors: Stahnisch Frank W.
Published: February 2024

Ludwig Edinger (1855–1918) is often perceived as a functional neuroanatomist who primarily followed traditional lines of microscopic research. That he was a rather fascinating innovator in the history of neurology at the turn from the nineteenth to the twentieth century has, however, gone quite unnoticed. Edinger’s career and his pronounced hopes for future investigative progress in neurological work mark an important shift, one away from traditional research styles connected to department-based approaches towards a multi-perspective and quite advanced form of interdisciplinary scientific work. Being conceptually influenced by the Austrian neuroanatomist Heinrich Obersteiner (1847–1922) and his foundation of the Neurological Institute in Vienna in 1882, Edinger established a multi-faceted brain research program. It was linked to an institutional setting of laboratory analysis and clinical research that paved the way for a new type of interdisciplinarity. After completion of his medical training, which brought him in working relationships with illustrious clinicians such as Friedrich von Recklinghausen (1810–1879) and Adolf Kussmaul (1822–1902), Edinger settled in 1883 as one of the first clinically working neurologists in the German city of Frankfurt/Main. Here, he began to collaborate with the neuropathologist Carl Weigert (1845–1904), who worked at the independent research institute of the Senckenbergische Anatomie. Since 1902, Edinger came to organize the anatomical collections and equipment for a new brain research laboratory in the recently constructed Senckenbergische Pathologie. It was later renamed the “Neurological Institute”, and became an early interdisciplinary working place for the study of the human nervous system in its comparative, morphological, experimental, and clinical dimensions. Even after Edinger’s death and under the austere circumstances of the Weimar Period, altogether three serviceable divisions continued with fruitful research activities in close alignment: the unit of comparative neurology, the unit of neuropsychology and neuropathology (headed by holist neurologist Kurt Goldstein, 1865–1965), and an associated unit of paleoneurology (chaired by Ludwig Edinger’s daughter Tilly, 1897–1967, who later became a pioneering neuropaleontologist at Harvard University). It was especially the close vicinity of the clinic that attracted Edinger’s attention and led him to conceive a successful model of neurological research, joining together different scientific perspectives in a unique and visibly modern form.
Looking in the Scaffold 22 Hotspot for Differentially Regulated Genes Genomic Sequence Variation in Romanian Blueberry Cultivars
Authors: Mihai Cosmin Alexandru , Bădulescu Liliana , Asănică Adrian , Iordachescu Mihaela
Published: February 2024

Since its domestication about a century ago in North America, highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) has gained appreciation by consumers worldwide, and the demand for new blueberry varieties is increasing. Whole-genome resequencing can help plant breeders to decrease the time needed to create novel varieties by identifying novel genes linked to fruit-quality traits. The present study analyzed the genetic variability of eight V. corymbosum genotypes, seven Romanian varieties (‘Prod’, ‘Vital’, ‘Azur’, ‘Simultan’, ‘Delicia’, ‘Compact’, and ‘Safir’), and the American variety, ‘Bluecrop’. The analysis of the first ~10 Mb from scaffold 22, a hotspot of genomic variation, in the above-mentioned varieties revealed multiple differences in 11 upregulated and 50 downregulated genes involved in fruit growth and development. Of these differentially regulated genes, two upregulated and five downregulated genes were fully covered by at least 1× coverage depth by sequencing. The genes’ sequence analysis confirmed the high genetic variability of the region, with most of the genes presenting numerous SNPs and some InDels, and indicated that an attempted 10× medium-coverage depth of sequencing for V. corymbosum varieties yields useful preliminary data for use in breeding programs.
Are National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program Recipients Providing Services in Counties Heavily Burdened by Breast and Cervical Cancer?
Authors: Bermudez Yamisha , Scott Lia , Miller Jacqueline , DeGroff Amy , Beckman Michele
Published: February 2024

Introduction: Alignment of National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program (NBCCEDP) clinical services with the spatial distribution of breast and cervical cancer burden is essential to maximizing programmatic impact and addressing cancer disparities. This study identified spatial clustering of breast and cervical cancer burden scores and assessed whether and to what extent NBCCEDP clinical services were associated with clusters for the 5-year period, 2015–2019. Methods: We examined burden scores for spatial clustering using Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) tests in GeoDA. We then used t-tests to compare the NBCCEDP 5-year average percentage of eligible women served clinical breast and cervical cancer services between hotspot (high burden) and coolspot clusters. Results: There was statistically significant spatial clustering in the pattern of breast and cervical cancer burden scores across counties, with hotspot clusters mostly observed in the Southern region, Idaho and Nevada. For both breast and cervical cancer, higher percentages of eligible women received breast and cervical cancer clinical services in coolspot clusters compared to hotspot clusters during each year from 2015–2019. Conclusion: NBCCEDP clinical services can help reduce breast and cervical cancer burden. Yet, during 2015–2019, increased service delivery was not aligned with the spatial distribution of counties with greater breast and cervical cancer burdens. NBCCEDP recipients may improve their impact on breast and cervical cancer burden by prioritizing and consistently increasing service delivery in cancer burden hotspot clusters if they have not already maximized their resources in these areas.
Changes in Motor Competence of 4–8-Year-Old Children: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Koolwijk Pim , de Jonge Ester , Mombarg Remo , Remmers Teun , Van Kann Dave , van Aart Ingrid , Savelsbergh Geert , de Vries Sanne
Published: February 2024

Objectives: The development of children’s motor competence (MC) from early to middle childhood can follow different courses. The purpose of this longitudinal study was to describe and quantify the prevalence of patterns of MC development from early to middle childhood and to identify undesirable patterns. Design: The study used a longitudinal design. Data were collected in three consecutive years, between February 2020 (T0) and May 2022 (T2). Methods: A total of 1128 typically developing Dutch children (50.2% male) between 4 and 6 years old at baseline (M = 5.35 ± 0.69 years) participated in this study. MC was measured with the Athletic Skills Track and converted into Motor Quotient (MQ) scores. To convert all individual MQ scores into meaningful patterns of MC development, changes in MQ categories were analyzed between the different timepoints. Results: A total of 11 different developmental patterns were found. When grouping the different patterns, five undesirable patterns were found with 18.2% of the children, showing an undesirable pattern of MC development between T0 and T2. The patterns of motor development of the other children showed a normal or fluctuating course. Conclusions: There is a lot of variation in MC in early and middle childhood. A substantial percentage of young children showed undesirable MC developmental patterns emphasizing the need for early and targeted interventions.
Persistence of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Stem-like Populations under Simultaneous In Vitro Treatment with Curcumin, Fludarabine, and Ibrutinib: Implications for Therapy Resistance
Authors: Bistué-Rovira Àngel , Rico Laura G. , Bardina Jorge , Juncà Jordi , Granada Isabel , Bradford Jolene A. , Ward Michael D. , Salvia Roser , Solé Francesc , Petriz Jordi
Published: February 2024

Leukemic stem cells (LSCs) possess similar characteristics to normal hematopoietic stem cells, including self-renewal capacity, quiescence, ability to initiate leukemia, and drug resistance. These cells play a significant role in leukemia relapse, persisting even after apparent remission. LSCs were first described in 1994 by Lapidot et al. Although they have been extensively studied in acute leukemia, more LSC research is still needed in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to understand if reduced apoptosis in mature cells should still be considered as the major cause of this disease. Here, we provide new evidence suggesting the existence of stem-like cell populations in CLL, which may help to understand the disease as well as to develop effective treatments. In this study, we identified a potential leukemic stem cell subpopulation using the tetraploid CLL cell line I83. This subpopulation is characterized by diploid cells that were capable of generating the I83 tetraploid population. Furthermore, we adapted a novel flow cytometry analysis protocol to detect CLL subpopulations with stem cell properties in peripheral blood samples and primary cultures from CLL patients. These cells were identified by their co-expression of CD19 and CD5, characteristic markers of CLL cells. As previously described, increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity is indicative of stemness and pluripotency. Moreover, we used this method to investigate the potential synergistic effect of curcumin in combination with fludarabine and ibrutinib to deplete this subpopulation. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of this ALP-based analysis protocol in detecting and monitoring leukemic stem-like cells in CLL. This analysis also identified limitations in eradicating these populations using in vitro testing. Furthermore, our findings demonstrated that curcumin significantly enhanced the effects of fludarabine and ibrutinib on the leukemic fraction, exhibiting synergistic effects (combination drug index, CDI 0.97 and 0.37, respectively). Our results lend support to the existence of potential stem-like populations in CLL cell lines, and to the idea that curcumin could serve as an effective adjuvant in therapies aimed at eliminating these populations and improving treatment efficacy.
Application of Machine Learning Techniques to Assess Alpha-Fetoprotein at Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Gil-Rojas Sergio , Suárez Miguel , Martínez-Blanco Pablo , Torres Ana M. , Martínez-García Natalia , Blasco Pilar , Torralba Miguel , Mateo Jorge
Published: February 2024

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver tumor and is associated with high mortality rates. Approximately 80% of cases occur in cirrhotic livers, posing a significant challenge for appropriate therapeutic management. Adequate screening programs in high-risk groups are essential for early-stage detection. The extent of extrahepatic tumor spread and hepatic functional reserve are recognized as two of the most influential prognostic factors. In this retrospective multicenter study, we utilized machine learning (ML) methods to analyze predictors of mortality at the time of diagnosis in a total of 208 patients. The eXtreme gradient boosting (XGB) method achieved the highest values in identifying key prognostic factors for HCC at diagnosis. The etiology of HCC was found to be the variable most strongly associated with a poorer prognosis. The widely used Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) classification in our setting demonstrated superiority over the TNM classification. Although alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) remains the most commonly used biological marker, elevated levels did not correlate with reduced survival. Our findings suggest the need to explore new prognostic biomarkers for individualized management of these patients.
Special Issue: “Anti-inflammatory Effects of Glucagon-like Peptide-1”
Authors: Puddu Alessandra , Maggi Davide
Published: February 2024

From the failure of gut extracts in diabetic patients’ therapy to the effective action in cardiovascular outcomes [...]
uPAR (PLAUR) Marks Two Intra-Tumoral Subtypes of Glioblastoma: Insights from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing
Authors: He Yue , Døssing Kristina B. V. , Rossing Maria , Bagger Frederik Otzen , Kjaer Andreas
Published: February 2024

Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) encoded by the PLAUR gene is known as a clinical marker for cell invasiveness in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It is additionally implicated in various processes, including angiogenesis and inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. However, there has not been a comprehensive study that depicts the overall functions and molecular cooperators of PLAUR with respect to intra-tumoral subtypes of GBM. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data from 37 GBM patients, we identified PLAUR as a marker gene for two distinct subtypes in GBM. One subtype is featured by inflammatory activities and the other subtype is marked by ECM remodeling processes. Using the whole-transcriptome data from single cells, we are able to uncover the molecular cooperators of PLAUR for both subtypes without presuming biological pathways. Two protein networks comprise the molecular context of PLAUR, with each of the two subtypes characterized by a different dominant network. We concluded that targeting PLAUR directly influences the mechanisms represented by these two protein networks, regardless of the subtype of the targeted cell.