bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Severe and complex youth depression: Clinical and historical features of young people attending a tertiary mood disorders clinic
Authors: Rice Simon M. , McKechnie Ben , Cotton Susan , Brooker Abi , Pilkington Vita , Youzchalveen Belinsha , Schmaal Lianne , Davey Christopher G.
Published: June 2021

Aim

The concept of severe and complex youth depression has evolved from clinical experience. Here we conducted a file audit study to evaluate supporting data for the construct.

Methods

A retrospective file audit was undertaken with 84 consecutively discharged patients over 6‐months from Orygen's Youth Mood Clinic (YMC; 50% female).

Results

Over a third (36.9%) were disengaged from vocation and education, with exposure to traumatic events common (84.5%). Almost all patients (91.7%) reported past 2‐week suicidal ideation at clinic entry. Hospital emergency departments were the most frequent referral source (31.0%). Most (72.6%) had received previous mental health treatment. Multimorbidity was frequently observed. The presence of a substance use disorder, or ≥ 3 comorbidities were both associated with a greater likelihood of prior suicide attempt.

Conclusions

These data highlight the clinical needs associated with severe and complex depression. Findings have implications for youth experiencing mood disorders attending tertiary and community mental health settings.
European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children
Authors: Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Kallweit Ulf , Vignatelli Luca , Plazzi Giuseppe , Lecendreux Michel , Baldin Elisa , Dolenc‐Groselj Leja , Jennum Poul , Khatami Ramin , Manconi Mauro , Mayer Geert , Partinen Markku , Pollmächer Thomas , Reading Paul , Santamaria Joan , Sonka Karel , Dauvilliers Yves , Lammers Gert J.
Published: June 2021

Background and aim

Narcolepsy is an uncommon hypothalamic disorder of presumed autoimmune origin that usually requires lifelong treatment. This paper aims to provide evidence‐based guidelines for the management of narcolepsy in both adults and children.

Methods

The European Academy of Neurology (EAN), European Sleep Research Society (ESRS) and European Narcolepsy Network (EU‐NN) nominated a task force of 18 narcolepsy specialists. According to the EAN recommendations, 10 relevant clinical questions were formulated in PICO format. Following a systematic review of the literature (performed in Fall 2018 and updated in July 2020) recommendations were developed according to the GRADE approach.

Results

A total of 10,247 references were evaluated, 308 studies were assessed and 155 finally included. The main recommendations can be summarized as follows: (i) excessive daytime sleepiness in adults—scheduled naps, modafinil, pitolisant, sodium oxybate (SXB), solriamfetol (all strong), methylphenidate, amphetamine derivates (both weak); (ii) cataplexy in adults—SXB, venlafaxine, clomipramine (all strong) and pitolisant (weak); (iii) excessive daytime sleepiness in children—scheduled naps, SXB (both strong), modafinil, methylphenidate, pitolisant, amphetamine derivates (all weak); (iv) cataplexy in children—SXB (strong), antidepressants (weak). Treatment choices should be tailored to each patient’s symptoms, comorbidities, tolerance and risk of potential drug interactions.

Conclusion

The management of narcolepsy involves non‐pharmacological and pharmacological approaches with an increasing number of symptomatic treatment options for adults and children that have been studied in some detail.
Can plantar fibroblast implantation protect amputees from skin injury? A recipe for skin augmentation
Authors: Boyle Colin J. , Higgins Claire A.
Published: June 2021

Skin injuries remain a persistent problem for users of lower‐limb prostheses despite sustained progress in prosthesis design. One factor limiting the prevention of skin injuries is that skin on the residual limb is not suited to bear the mechanical loads of ambulation. One part of the body that is suited to this task is the sole of the foot. Here, we propose a novel strategy to actively augment skin's tolerance to load, increasing its resistance to mechanically induced injuries. We hypothesise that the load tolerance of skin can be augmented by autologous transplantation of plantar fibroblasts into the residual limb dermis. We expect that introducing plantar fibroblasts will induce the overlying keratinocytes to express plantar‐specific keratins leading to a tougher epidermis. Using a computational finite element model of a weight‐bearing residual limb, we estimate that skin deformation (a key driver of pressure ulcer injuries) could be halved by reprogramming skin to a plantar‐like phenotype. We believe this strategy could yield new progress in pressure ulcer prevention for amputees, facilitating rehabilitation and improving quality of life for patients.
The role of the skin microbiota in the modulation of cutaneous inflammation—Lessons from the gut
Authors: Elias Abigail E. , McBain Andrew J. , O’Neill Catherine A.
Published: June 2021

Inflammation is a vital defense mechanism used to protect the body from invading pathogens, but dysregulation can lead to chronic inflammatory disorders such as psoriasis and atopic dermatitis. Differences in microbiota composition have been observed in patients with inflammatory skin conditions compared with healthy individuals, particularly within lesions. There is also increasing evidence accumulating to support the notion that the microbiome contributes to the onset or modulates the severity of inflammatory diseases. Despite the known protective effects of orally administered lactic acid bacteria against inflammation, few studies have investigated the potential protective effects of topical application of bacteria on skin health and even fewer have looked at the potential anti‐inflammatory effects of skin commensals. If lack of diversity and reduction in the abundance of specific commensal strains is observed in inflammatory skin lesions, and it is known that commensal bacteria can produce anti‐inflammatory compounds, we suggest that certain members of the skin microbiota have anti‐inflammatory properties that can be harnessed for use as topical therapeutics in inflammatory skin disorders.
Potential roles of super enhancers in inflammatory gene transcription
Authors: Higashijima Yoshiki , Kanki Yasuharu
Published: June 2021

Acute and chronic inflammation is a basic pathological event that contributes to atherosclerosis, cancer, infectious diseases, and immune disorders. Inflammation is an adaptive process to both external and internal stimuli experienced by the human body. Although the mechanism of gene transcription is highly complicated and orchestrated in a timely and spatial manner, recent developments in next‐generation sequencing, genome‐editing, cryo‐electron microscopy, and single cell‐based technologies could provide us with insights into the roles of super enhancers (SEs). Initially, SEs were implicated in determining cell fate; subsequent studies have clarified that SEs are associated with various pathological conditions, including cancer and inflammatory diseases. Recent technological advances have unveiled the molecular mechanisms of SEs, which involve epigenetic histone modifications, chromatin three‐dimensional structures, and phase‐separated condensates. In this review, we discuss the relationship between inflammation and SEs and the therapeutic potential of SEs for inflammatory diseases.
Role of the Hippo pathway and mechanisms for controlling cellular localization of YAP/TAZ
Authors: Kwon Hyeryun , Kim Jiyoung , Jho Eek‐hoon
Published: June 2021

The Hippo pathway is a crucial signaling mechanism that inhibits the growth of cells and organs during development and in disease. When the Hippo pathway is activated, YAP/TAZ transcriptional coactivators are phosphorylated by upstream kinases, preventing nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ. However, when the Hippo pathway is inhibited, YAP/TAZ localize mainly in the nucleus and induce the expression of target genes related to cell proliferation. Abnormal proliferation of cells is one of the hallmarks of cancer initiation, and activation of Hippo pathway dampens such cell proliferation. Various types of diseases including cancer can occur due to the dysregulation of the Hippo pathway. Therefore, a better understanding of the Hippo pathway signaling mechanisms, and in particular how YAP/TAZ exist in the nucleus, may lead to the identification of new therapeutic targets for treating cancer and other diseases. In this review, we summarize the overall Hippo pathway and discuss mechanisms related to nuclear localization of YAP/TAZ.
Inflammatory cell death induced by cytotoxic lymphocytes: a dangerous but necessary liaison
Authors: de Miguel Diego , Ramirez‐Labrada Ariel , Uranga Iratxe , Hidalgo Sandra , Santiago Llipsy , Galvez Eva María , Arias Maykel , Pardo Julián
Published: June 2021

Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CLs), and more specifically Tc and NK cells, are the main executors of cell death in the immune system, playing a key role during both immunosurveillance and immunotherapy. These cells induce regulated cell death (RCD) by different mechanisms, being granular exocytosis and expression of death ligands the most prominent and best characterized ones. Apoptosis, a traditionally considered low‐inflammatory type of cell death, has been accepted for years as the paradigm of RCD induced by CLs. However, several recent studies have demonstrated that NK cells and Tc cells can also induce more inflammatory forms of cell death, namely, necroptosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis. Activation of these highly inflammatory types of cell death appears to critically contribute to the activation of a successful antitumour immune response. Additionally, the role of specific cell death pathways in immunogenic cell death is still under intense debate, especially considering the interconnections with other inflammatory forms of cell death. These evidences, together with the advent of new cancer immunotherapies, highlight the necessity to deepen our understanding of the link between the cell death triggered by CLs and inflammation. This knowledge will be instrumental to maximize the antitumour potential of immunotherapies, minimizing deleterious effects associated with these treatments. In this review, we will briefly summarize the main features of apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis, to subsequently discuss the most recent evidences about the role of these RCD pathways during the elimination of cancer cells mediated by CLs and its modulation to increase the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.
Functional validation of a finding from a mouse genome‐wide association study shows that Azi2 influences the acute locomotor stimulant response to methamphetamine
Authors: Zhou Xinzhu , Barkley‐Levenson Amanda M. , Montilla‐Perez Patricia , Telese Francesca , Palmer Abraham A.
Published: June 2021

In a previous genome‐wide association study (GWAS) using outbred Carworth Farms White (CFW) mice, we identified a locus that influenced the stimulant response to methamphetamine and colocalized with an eQTL for Azi2. Based on those findings, we hypothesized that heritable differences in Azi2 expression were causally related to the differential response to methamphetamine. To test that hypothesis, we created a mutant Azi2 allele on an inbred C57BL/6J background. The mutant allele enhanced the locomotor response to methamphetamine. However, the GWAS had suggested that lower Azi2 would decrease the locomotor response to methamphetamine. We also sought to explore the mechanism by which Azi2 influenced methamphetamine sensitivity. A recent publication reported that the 3′UTR of Azi2 mRNA downregulates the expression of Slc6a3, which encodes the dopamine transporter, which is a key target of methamphetamine. We evaluated the relationship between Azi2, Azi2 3′UTR and Slc6a3 expression in the ventral tegmental area of wildtype, mutant Azi2 heterozygotes and mutant Azi2 homozygotes and in a new cohort of outbred CFW mice where both allele mapped in our prior GWAS were segregating. We did not observe any correlation between Azi2 and Slc6a3 in either cohort. However, RNA sequencing confirmed that the Azi2 mutation altered Azi2 expression and also revealed a number of potentially important genes and pathways that were regulated by Azi2, including the metabotropic glutamate receptor group III pathway and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor signaling pathway. Our results support a role for Azi2 in methamphetamine sensitivity; however, the exact mechanism does not appear to involve regulation of Slc6a3.
Association between frequency of snacking and all‐cause mortality among community‐dwelling young‐old adults: An age‐specific prospective cohort study
Authors: Kobayashi Tohru , Zhao Wenjing , Ukawa Shigekazu , Wakai Kenji , Tsushita Kazuyo , Kawamura Takashi , Ando Masahiko , Tamakoshi Akiko
Published: June 2021

Aim

We aimed to clarify whether snacking habits decrease the risk of all‐cause mortality in an older Japanese population.

Methods

The study participants were 64‐ or 65‐year‐old community‐dwelling residents recruited each survey year from 1996 through 2005. Data on the frequency of snacking and other lifestyle factors were obtained during the baseline survey using self‐administered questionnaires, and the participants were followed up annually until the end of 2017. In total, 2943 participants (1484 men and 1459 women) were eligible. All‐cause mortality was compared among participants grouped by frequency of snacking (no snacking, one to four times/week, or every day).

Results

The number of deaths recorded over the study period of 43 204 person‐years was 357 (24.1%) for men and 173 (11.9%) for women. The mean ± standard deviations for the follow‐up period were 14.2 ± 4.9 years in men and 15.2 ± 4.5 years in women. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses showed that after adjusting for potential confounding factors, the hazard ratios for women were 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.43–0.94) in the group that had a habit of snacking one to four times/week, and 0.93 (95% CI 0.63–1.36) in the group that had a habit of snacking every day compared with those in the no snacking group. These associations were not observed among men.

Conclusions

A moderate frequency of snacking slightly decreases the risk of all‐cause mortality among women. Our findings might be useful for improving the nutrition statuses in older female adults. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 697–704.
Competing for seafaring labour: Social security and agency employment in Chinese shipping
Authors: Chen Gang , Tang Lijun
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses one strategy that Chinese crewing agencies adopt to compete with each other in the global seafarer labour supplying market. This strategy is related to Chinese seafarers’ social insurance participation. It shows that crewing agencies utilised a dual workforce – ‘company‐owned seafarers’ and ‘externally hired seafarers’. Externally hired seafarers, though in precarious employment, are offered higher salaries in place of social insurance coverage. By contrast, company‐owned seafarers are paid less, though enjoy social insurance arranged by agencies. This strategy serves to segment the seafarer labour market, conceal the level playing field and help agencies recruit seafarers cost‐effectively, though in violation of labour rights. This paper argues that this strategy grows out of the competitive landscape co‐shaped by the national regulatory and institutional settings and the global structure of the shipping industry.
Effect of photobiomodulation on post‐operative symptoms in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis treated with foraminal enlargement: A randomized clinical trial
Authors: Guimarães Ludmila da Silva , da Silva Erlange Andrade Borges , Hespanhol Fernanda Garcias , Fontes Karla Bianca Fernandes da Costa , Antunes Livia Azeredo Alves , Antunes Leonardo Santos
Published: June 2021

Aim

To assess the efficacy of photobiomodulation in reducing post‐operative symptoms and use of analgesics in teeth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis treated with foraminal enlargement in a single visit.

Methodology

This prospective double‐blind, controlled, superiority, randomized clinical trial enrolled 70 patients requiring root canal treatment of one single‐rooted tooth with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. The participants were randomized into one of the following two groups: 35 patients in the control group (C.G) – root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement, without any additional treatment and 35 patients in the photobiomodulation group (PBM.G) – root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement associated with photobiomodulation (antimicrobial photodynamic therapy and low‐level laser therapy). The outcome variables were post‐operative pain, tenderness, oedema and the use of analgesics. Pain intensity was measured using a visual analogue scale (recorded every day for 7 days, then the 14th and 30th days after root canal treatment). Facial oedema was assessed subjectively by two independent evaluators using photographs taken by one of the researchers at 48 h, 72 h and 7 days after the procedures. Data were tabulated and analysed using the Mann–Whitney U, Chi‐Square, Fisher`s Exact, Student T and Ordinal Logistic Regression by Generalized Estimating Equations tests in SPSS software.

Results

There were no significant differences in post‐operative pain and tenderness between the groups at any observation period (p > .05). Photobiomodulation (beta = −0.77 / p = .01), time (beta = −0.23 / p < .01), and male gender (beta = −1.20 / p < .01) were associated with decreased post‐operative pain. Only time (beta: −0.10; p < .01) and male gender (beta: −1.04; p < .01) were associated with decreased tenderness. For oedema and use of analgesics, there was no difference between the groups (p > .05).

Conclusions

Photobiomodulation had no significant effect on post‐operative pain, tenderness, oedema and the use of analgesics after root canal treatment with foraminal enlargement, in single‐rooted teeth treated in a single visit.

Register of Clinical Trials: NCT03704857.

Research Ethics Committee: no 2.353.996 / CAAE 74185417.9.0000.5626.
Is it possible to repigment iatrogenic and traumatic hypochromic lesions? A case series using the MMP® drug delivery technique with 5‐fluorouracil and bleomycin
Authors: Arbache Samir , Arbache Samia T. , Hirata Sergio H.
Published: June 2021

Objectives

We present the results of 11 patients with hypochromic lesions treated with antifibrotic agents delivered through the MMP® technique.

Methods

Eleven patients with hypochromic lesions because of external injuries were treated at a single clinic with 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and/or bleomycin using the MMP® drug delivery technique. Treatment sessions were repeated at 30‐day intervals until patient satisfaction. The primary outcome was repigmentation of the lesions, assessed independently by two dermatologists and by the patient.

Results

The MMP® technique injected 0.048 mg/cm2 of 5‐FU or 0.0028 U/cm2 of bleomycin. The accumulated 5‐FU and bleomycin density per patient ranged from 0.02 to 0.77 mg and 0.0022 to 0.2800 U/ml, respectively. Patients were treated with 1 to 6 MMP® sessions with 5‐FU (3 patients), bleomycin (6 patients), or both drugs (2 patients). After the last session, all patients had a significant improvement (>75%) of the lesions compared to baseline. There were no procedure‐related short‐ or long‐term adverse effects in any of the participants up to their last follow‐up visit.

Conclusions

The injection of antifibrotic agents using the MMP® technique was effective and safe in the treatment of hypochromic lesions. This can be a new therapeutic option for these lesions.
COVID‐19 and informal work: Evidence from 11 cities
Authors: CHEN Martha Alter , GRAPSA Erofili , ISMAIL Ghida , ROGAN Michael , VALDIVIA Marcela , ALFERS Laura , HARVEY Jenna , OGANDO Ana Carolina , REED Sarah Orleans , ROEVER Sally
Published: June 2021

This article presents the findings for 11 cities across five geographical regions from a study led by Women in Informal Employment: Globalizing and Organizing, investigating the impacts of the COVID‐19 crisis on different groups of informal workers and their households. Detailing impacts on work and income, food and hunger, care and other household responsibilities, and on the coping strategies of informal worker households, the article also compares the roles of government and informal worker organizations in providing relief and other support. Based on worker demands, the authors present guiding principles for a better deal for informal workers going forward.
Évolution de l'importance des emplois à vie au Royaume‐Uni
Authors: ST‐DENIS Xavier
Published: June 2021

Les emplois à vie sont généralement présentés comme un trait dominant des marchés du travail de l'après‐guerre, en recul aujourd'hui. L'auteur cherche à vérifier ces affirmations avec une nouvelle méthode, qui permet d'estimer, à partir de données transversales, la probabilité d'occuper un emploi à vie selon la cohorte de naissance. Il montre que cette situation n'a concerné en réalité qu'une faible proportion des travailleurs britanniques de l'après‐guerre, avec des variations selon le groupe sociodémographique. En outre, si les emplois à vie ne disparaissent pas, les emplois de longue durée reculent chez les hommes des cohortes 1947–1966, notamment à cause d'une moindre stabilité des parcours professionnels plus tôt dans la carrière.
Libertéautravail,parle travail etfaceau travail: comment repenser les droits relatifs au travail
Authors: BUENO Nicolas
Published: June 2021

Les droits relatifs au travail sont‐ils un instrument promouvant la liberté? L'auteur définit trois libertés: la libertéautravail,parle travail mais aussifaceau travail. Bien que certains courants du droit du travail analysent les liens entre droits relatifs au travail et liberté, ces droits se limitent traditionnellement à protéger les travailleuses et travailleurs sur le marché du travail plutôt qu'à étendre leurs libertés, notamment la liberté face au travail. L'auteur souligne à cet égard les limites des propositions actuelles en vue d'une émancipation du travail, dont le revenu de base. Lui‐même propose plutôt de créer de nouveaux droits dans un modèle dit de l'économie humaine.
Evolución de la prevalencia del empleo de por vida: nuevas estimaciones sobre el Reino Unido
Authors: ST‐DENIS Xavier
Published: June 2021

Frente a la idea de que en la era fordista predominó el empleo de por vida, el autor utiliza un método novedoso para estimar con datos transversales del Reino Unido la probabilidad para diferentes cohortes de nacimiento de alcanzar determinados umbrales de antigüedad. Se constata que la proporción de trabajadores del Reino Unido que ocuparon puestos por 30 años o más en la era fordista fue baja, con variaciones entre los grupos sociodemográficos. La prevalencia de los empleos de larga duración (20 años o más) disminuyó entre los hombres nacidos entre 1947 y 1966, en parte por la menor estabilidad laboral durante la juventud.
PAICS is related to glioma grade and can promote glioma growth and migration
Authors: Du Baoshun , Zhang Zheying , Di Wenyu , Xu Wenzhong , Yang Lei , Zhang Shitao , He Guoyang , Yang Rui , Wang Maode
Published: June 2021

Glioma is a common malignant tumour of the brain. In this study, we aimed to investigate diagnostic biomarkers and its role in glioma. Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and Cytoscape software were used to screen the marker genes in glioma. RT‐qPCR and Western blotting methods were performed to determine the expression of PAICS, ERCC1 and XPA genes in glioma tissues. Expression level of PAICS in different grades of glioma was examined by immunohistochemistry. CCK8 and Colony formation assays were used to detect cell proliferation. Cell adhesion assay was used to detect adhesion ability. Wound healing and transwell tests were used to detect cell migration ability. Flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and apoptosis. According to the predicted co‐expression network, we identified the hub gene PAICS. Furthermore, we observed that PAICS expression level was up‐regulated in glioma tissues compared with normal tissues, and the expression level was correlated with the grade of glioma. Moreover, we found PAICS can promote glioma cells proliferation and migration in vitro. Flow cytometry results showed that si‐PAICS cells were stalled at the G1 phase compared with the si‐NC cells and knocking down PAICS expression can increase apoptotic rate. PAICS can regulate the mRNA and protein levels of nucleotide excision repair pathway core genes ERCC1 and XPA. l‐aspartic acid can affect the expression of PAICS and then inhibit glioma cell proliferation. Our results indicated that PAICS can promote glioma proliferation and migration. PAICS may act as a potential diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target for glioma.
Predictability of temporal variation in climate and the evolution of seasonal polyphenism in tropical butterfly communities
Authors: Halali Sridhar , Halali Dheeraj , Barlow Henry S. , Molleman Freerk , Kodandaramaiah Ullasa , Brakefield Paul M. , Brattström Oskar
Published: June 2021

Phenotypic plasticity in heterogeneous environments can provide tight environment‐phenotype matching. However, the prerequisite is a reliable environmental cue(s) that enables organisms to use current environmental information to induce the development of a phenotype with high fitness in a forthcoming environment. Here, we quantify predictability in the timing of precipitation and temperature change to examine how this is associated with seasonal polyphenism in tropical Mycalesina butterflies. Seasonal precipitation in the tropics typically results in distinct selective environments, the wet and dry seasons, and changes in temperature can be a major environmental cue. We sampled communities of Mycalesina butterflies from two seasonal locations and one aseasonal location. Quantifying environmental predictability using wavelet analysis and Colwell's indices confirmed a strong periodicity of precipitation over a 12‐month period at both seasonal locations compared to the aseasonal one. However, temperature seasonality and periodicity differed between the two seasonal locations. We further show that: (a) most females from both seasonal locations synchronize their reproduction with the seasons by breeding in the wet season but arresting reproduction in the dry season. In contrast, all species breed throughout the year in the aseasonal location and (b) species from the seasonal locations, but not those from the aseasonal location, exhibited polyphenism in wing pattern traits (eyespot size). We conclude that seasonal precipitation and its predictability are primary factors shaping the evolution of polyphenism in Mycalesina butterflies, and populations or species secondarily evolve local adaptations for cue use that depend on the local variation in the environment.
Effects of salicylic acid combined with gas atmospheric control on postharvest quality and storage stability of wolfberries: Quality attributes and interaction evaluation
Authors: Xiang Wenjuan , Wang Hsiao‐Wen , Tian You , Sun Da‐Wen
Published: June 2021

Wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) is abundant in bioactive substances but prone to rapid deterioration after harvest, and thus wolfberry is usually dried. However, drying of wolfberry requires high energy consumption and can normally lower wolfberry bioactive contents. Cold storage, edible coating, and modified atmosphere packaging have been developed to preserve wolfberry but scarce data are available on postharvest quality and storage stability. In particular, the combined effects of salicylic acid (SA) and control atmosphere (CA) on wolfberry quality have not been investigated. In the current study, SA and gas atmospheric control were applied either separately or in combination to explore changes in physiochemical properties during storage. Results showed that color quality and weight loss (WL) were the main indicators of quality change during storage, with high color quality and low WL representing excellent quality. SA and hypoxia (controlled and modified atmosphere conditions) could synergistically suppress respiration rate and antagonistically maintain ascorbic acid (AsA) and color quality, while SA could alleviate physiological disorder. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis verified that CA and SA + CA were excellent in enhancing the stability during storage and exhibited minimal quality deterioration. Thus, combining SA and gas atmospheric control could serve as a potential postharvest hurdle technology for preserving wolfberry.

Practical Applications

As a valuable and prestigious traditional Chinese medicine and food material, wolfberry (Lycium barbarum) is highly susceptible to mechanical damage after harvesting and presents a short shelf‐life due to rapid softening. Wolfberry is thus usually consumed in dry form. The current study investigated the effects of salicylic acid (SA) and control atmosphere (CA) applied either separately or in combination on the changes in physiochemical properties during storage, and results showed that both CA and SA + CA storages possessed excellent abilities in preserving fresh wolfberry fruit. Therefore, the current study indicated that combining SA and gas atmospheric control could serve as a potential postharvest hurdle technology for preserving wolfberry, which should be very useful for the agriculture and food industry.
Hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler delayed inflammatory reaction following COVID‐19 vaccination – A case report
Authors: Michon Alain
Published: June 2021

Background

The use of hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers in aesthetic medicine exploded in recent years for many reasons, including being relatively safe. Incidence of delayed inflammatory reactions (DIRs) to hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers range between 0.3% and 4.25%. These reactions are mediated by T‐lymphocytes and can be triggered by flu‐like illnesses, including SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Vaccination may also induce hypersensitivity.

Aim

In this case report, we present two cases of delayed reaction after hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler treatment of the tear trough area and following mRNA vaccination against SARS‐Cov‐2, also known as COVID‐19, months later.

Patients

A 39‐year old female who previously had her tear trough area treated with hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler developed swelling days after getting the mRNA Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine. Another patient, a 61‐year‐olf female, developed intermittent facial swelling in areas previously treated with hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers days after receiving her first dose of the mRNA Pfizer‐BioNTech COVID‐19 vaccine.

Results

As demonstrated in our case report, vaccination against COVID‐19 may induce DIRs in patients who previously had hyaluronic soft tissue fillers.

Conclusion

Delayed inflammatory reactions to hyaluronic acid soft tissue fillers are uncommon and usually self‐limited, with frequent spontaneous resolution. However, considering the ongoing pandemic and the worldwide demand for vaccines against COVID‐19, the aesthetic providers should be conscious of the risks posed by the interaction of such vaccines in patients who previously had or seeking hyaluronic acid soft tissue filler injections.
Relationship satisfaction and commitment in the transition to parenthood: A couple‐centered approach
Authors: Leonhardt Nathan D. , Rosen Natalie O. , Dawson Samantha J. , Kim James J. , Johnson Matthew D. , Impett Emily A.
Published: June 2021

Objective

To provide a more comprehensive understanding of couple relationship satisfaction, commitment, and the dynamic between the two over the transition to parenthood.

Background

The transition to parenthood is an ideal time to concurrently study relationship satisfaction and commitment, as this period is filled with familial transitions such as less couple time, more domestic labor, and the formation of parent–child relationships. These familial transitions require significant investments that may constrain people from leaving relationships, potentially leading to diverging relationship satisfaction and commitment trajectories.

Method

We conducted dyadic latent class growth analyses (DLCGA), assessing variability in relationship satisfaction and commitment trajectories across six time‐points (two prenatal) for 203 couples expecting their first child, through 12 months postpartum.

Results

We identified four couple classes for relationship satisfaction and three couple classes for relationship commitment. There were 46% of couples who retained high satisfaction and commitment and another 35% of couples who retained moderately high satisfaction and high commitment. Couples reporting lower attachment avoidance, higher relational self‐expansion, and higher perceived partner commitment during pregnancy were more likely to be in classes that maintained high relationship satisfaction and commitment during the transition.

Conclusion

Our results contrast the prevailing narrative about relational declines during the transition to parenthood. Many couples retain high satisfaction and commitment into the first year of parenthood, with declines driven primarily by a minority of couples. Couples' commitment was particularly likely to be high and stable throughout the transition.
The use of protein binders and sorghum crisps as potential ingredients in a cereal bar for dogs
Authors: Pezzali Julia Guazzelli , Tsai Weilun , Koppel Kadri , Aldrich Charles Gregory
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of different protein binders and sorghum crisps in cereal bars for dogs and their effect on sensory properties, product texture, and dog preference. Fifteen cereal bars were developed in which three crisp sources (rice crisp, white and red sorghum crisp) and five sources of binders (corn syrup, spray dried plasma, gelatin, albumin, and egg product) were evaluated. An interaction effect between binder and crisp sources was found for textural properties (p <.05). A total of 103 volatile compounds were identified and semi‐quantified in the cereal bar samples, with aldehydes being the most represented. Unlike crisp source, protein binders played a major role on sensory properties and impacted the dog's preference. This study suggests that sorghum crisps and protein binders may be used in cereal bars for dogs; however, considerations regarding sensory attributes and dog's preference should be taken to maximize product acceptance.

Practical applications

This is the first study to report information regarding the use of novel ingredients in a cereal bar application for dogs. The findings observed wherein provide a comprehensive understanding about product development and the impact of ingredients on final product quality, sensory properties, and animal preference. The methodologies and outcomes of our work can be directly translated to the pet food industry to aid in the development of dog treats.
NEW GEOCHEMICAL INSIGHTS INTO CENOZOIC SOURCE ROCKS IN AZERBAIJAN: IMPLICATIONS FOR PETROLEUM SYSTEMS IN THE SOUTH CASPIAN REGION
Authors: Aghayeva V. , Sachsenhofer R. F. , van Baak C.G.C. , Bechtel A. , Hoyle T. M. , Selby D. , Shiyanova N. , Vincent S. J.
Published: June 2021

The Maikop Group and the Diatom Formation constitute the two main source rocks in the South Caspian Basin and onshore Azerbaijan where large‐scale oil production began more than 150 years ago. However, the stratigraphic distribution of the source rocks and the vertical variation of source‐rock parameters are still poorly understood. The aim of the present paper is therefore to investigate in high resolution the source‐rock distribution in the Perekishkyul and Islamdag outcrop sections, located 25 km NW of Baku, which provide nearly complete middle Eocene and lower Oligocene to upper Miocene successions. Bulk geochemical parameters of 376 samples together with maceral, biomarker and isotope data were analysed. In addition, new Re/Os data provide independent age dating for the base of the Upper Maikop Formation (30.0 ± 1.0 Ma) and the paper shale within the Diatom Formation (7.2 ± 2.6 Ma). The presence of steradienes in high concentrations demonstrates the thermal immaturity of the studied successions, limiting the application of some biomarker ratios.

Intervals with high TOC contents and containing kerogen Type II occur near the top of the middle Eocene succession. However, because of the low net thickness, these sediments are not considered to constitute significant hydrocarbon (HC) source rocks. The Maikop Group in the Islamdag section is 364 m thick and represents lower Oligocene (upper Solenovian) to middle Miocene (Kozakhurian) levels. Samples are characterized by moderately high TOC contents (∼1.8 wt.%) but low hydrogen index (HI) values (average ∼120 mgHC/gTOC) despite a dominance of aquatic organic matter (diatoms, methanotrophic archaea and sulphate‐reducing bacteria). Rhenium‐osmium chronology suggests low sedimentation rates (∼25 m/Ma), which may have had a negative impact on organic matter preservation. Terrigenous organic matter occurs in variable but typically low amounts. If mature, the Maikop Group sediments at Islamdag could generate about 2.5 tHC/m2.

The Diatom Formation includes a 60 m thick paper shale interval with high TOC contents (average 4.35 wt.%) of kerogen Type II‐I (HI up to 770 mgHC/gTOC). The source potential is higher (∼3 tHC/m2) than that of the Maikop Group. The organic matter is dominated by algal material including diatoms. High TOC/S ratios suggest deposition under reduced salinity conditions. Strictly anoxic conditions are indicated by the presence of biomarkers for archaea involved in methane cycling.

For oil‐source correlations and a better understanding of the petroleum system, it will be necessary to distinguish oil generated by the Maikop Group from that generated by the Diatom Formation. This study shows that these oils can be distinguished based on the distribution of specific biomarkers e.g. C30 steranes, C25 highly branched isoprenoids (HBIs), and the C25 isoprenoid pentamethylicosane (PMI).
Curcumin: A review of experimental studies and mechanisms related to periodontitis treatment
Authors: Li Yongli , Jiao Junjie , Qi Yuanzheng , Yu Wanqi , Yang Shihui , Zhang Jingjie , Zhao Jinghui
Published: June 2021

Curcumin is the main active ingredient of turmeric, which has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including antitumor, antibacterial, anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidation, immune regulation, and so on. Periodontitis is a prevalent oral inflammatory disease caused by a variety of factors. In recent years, many studies have shown that curcumin has a potential role on the treatment of periodontitis. Curcumin has been used in research related to the treatment of periodontitis in the form of solution, chip, gel, and capsule. Combined with other periodontitis treatment methods, such as scaling and root planing (SRP) and photodynamic therapy (PDT), can enhance curcumin's efficacy in treating periodontitis. In addition to natural curcumin, chemically modified curcumin, such as 4‐phenylaminocarbonyl bis‐demethoxy curcumin (CMC 2.24) and 4‐methoxycarbonyl curcumin (CMC 2.5), have also been used in animal models of periodontitis. Here, this paper reviews the research progress of curcumin on the treatment of periodontitis and its related mechanisms.
European guideline and expert statements on the management of narcolepsy in adults and children
Authors: Bassetti Claudio L. A. , Kallweit Ulf , Vignatelli Luca , Plazzi Giuseppe , Lecendreux Michel , Baldin Elisa , Dolenc‐Groselj Leja , Jennum Poul , Khatami Ramin , Manconi Mauro , Mayer Geert , Partinen Markku , Pollmächer Thomas , Reading Paul , Santamaria Joan , Sonka Karel , Dauvilliers Yves , Lammers Gert J.
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose

Narcolepsy is an uncommon hypothalamic disorder of presumed autoimmune origin that usually requires lifelong treatment. This paper aims to provide evidence‐based guidelines for the management of narcolepsy in both adults and children.

Methods

The European Academy of Neurology (EAN), European Sleep Research Society (ESRS), and European Narcolepsy Network (EU‐NN) nominated a task force of 18 narcolepsy specialists. According to the EAN recommendations, 10 relevant clinical questions were formulated in PICO format. Following a systematic review of the literature (performed in Fall 2018 and updated in July 2020) recommendations were developed according to the GRADE approach.

Results

A total of 10,247 references were evaluated, 308 studies were assessed and 155 finally included. The main recommendations can be summarized as follows: (i) excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) in adults–scheduled naps, modafinil, pitolisant, sodium oxybate (SXB), solriamfetol (all strong); methylphenidate, amphetamine derivatives (both weak); (ii) cataplexy in adults–SXB, venlafaxine, clomipramine (all strong) and pitolisant (weak); (iii) EDS in children–scheduled naps, SXB (both strong), modafinil, methylphenidate, pitolisant, amphetamine derivatives (all weak); (iv) cataplexy in children–SXB (strong), antidepressants (weak). Treatment choices should be tailored to each patient's symptoms, comorbidities, tolerance and risk of potential drug interactions.

Conclusion

The management of narcolepsy involves non‐pharmacological and pharmacological approaches with an increasing number of symptomatic treatment options for adults and children that have been studied in some detail.
Development of a simple dynamic algorithm for individualized hepatocellular carcinoma risk‐based surveillance using pre‐ and post‐treatment general evaluation score
Authors: Shiha Gamal , Soliman Reham , Mikhail Nabiel , Hassan Ayman , Eslam Mohammed
Published: June 2021

Background and Aims

With the growing number of treated hepatitis C patients, the current ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance strategies for patients with advanced fibrosis represents a great burden on healthcare systems. An individualized HCC risk strategy incorporates the dynamic changes of HCC risk are lacking.

Methods

This single‐centre observational study included 3075 patients, with advanced fibrosis (≥F3) who achieved SVR following DAAs at Egyptian Liver research institute and hospital (ELRIAH) with follow‐up period (range 6‐72 months). The performance of a recently developed General Evaluation Score (GES) HCC risk stratification score was calculated pre‐ and post‐treatment using Harrell’s c statistic. Times to HCC and cumulative incidences were calculated with Kaplan–Meier method and compared using log‐rank (Mantel‐Cox) test.

Results

Pre‐treatment GES score stratified patients into low (60.4%), intermediate (23.4%), and (16.2%) high‐risk score where 5‐year cumulative incidences of HCC were 1.66%, 4.45% and 7.64%, respectively. Harrell’s c statistic was 0.801.

Post‐treatment GES score stratified patients into low (57.4%), intermediate (30.7%) and (11.9%) high‐risk score where 5‐year cumulative incidences of HCC were 1.35%, 3.49% and 11.09% respectively. The cumulative HCC incidence increased significantly with higher scores (P < .001). Harrell's c statistic was 0.818.

Using pre‐ and post‐treatment GES score, GES algorithm was developed with higher predictive value. The cumulative HCC incidence increased significantly with higher scores (P < .001). Harrell’s c statistic was 0.832.

Conclusion

A dynamic algorithm incorporating both pre‐ and post‐GES scores have better performance and predictive value compared with only pre‐treatment assessments. The proposed algorithm would help to stratify those who need intensive or being excluded from screening.
Interdependence is one of many factors that influences collaborative health care practice
Authors: Almoghirah Hailah , Nazar Hamde , Illing Jan
Published: June 2021

Almoghirah et al. reflect on the many variables that influence individual performance within collaborative work, offering insight into the power of personalised, subjective and contextualised assessment and feedback.
The fatigue paradox: Team perceptions of physician fatigue
Authors: Field Emily , Lingard Lorelei , Cherry Richard , Van Koughnett Julie Ann , DeLuca Sandra , Taylor Taryn
Published: June 2021

Objectives

Ongoing calls to implement fatigue risk management in residency education assume a shared understanding of physician fatigue as a workplace hazard, yet we lack empirical evidence that all health care team members maintain this assumption. Thus, this study seeks to explore how health care team members understand the role of physician fatigue in an effort to inform the implementation of fatigue risk management in residency training and medical practice.

Methods

This study uses constructivist grounded theory to explore perceptions of workplace fatigue and its impact on clinical practice. We conducted individual semi‐structured interviews with physicians, nurses and senior residents across four hospitals in 8 different specialties for a total of 40 participants. Constant comparative analysis guided data analysis and led to the final grounded theory.

Results

While participants outlined multiple problematic manifestations of physician fatigue on clinical performance, they were reluctant to acknowledge any negative impact of fatigue on patient care. We refer to these contradictions as the fatigue paradox. Four key themes sustain the fatigue paradox: the indefatigable physician, blind spots, faith in safety nets and the minimisation of fatigue‐related events.

Conclusions

This study suggests that health care team members do not universally feel that physician fatigue is problematic for patient care, despite providing multiple examples to the contrary. This paradoxical understanding of fatigue likely exists because the system relies on fatigued physicians, particularly trainees, and provides few mechanisms to critically examine fatigue. Successful implementation of fatigue risk management in residency training may prove elusive if clinical supervisors are skeptical of the potentially negative impact of workplace fatigue.
Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Multiple Myeloma patients: A sizeable diagnosis in the era of novel anti‐myeloma therapies
Authors: Fuchs Eyal , Lavi Noa , Carasso Yariv , Oren Ilana , Hardak Emilia
Published: June 2021

Background

Advances in treatment for multiple myeloma (MM) patients entail a high risk for opportunistic infections such as invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA).

Objectives

This study was conducted to describe the patient's profile, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and outcome of MM patients with IPA, in our large haemato‐oncology centre.

Patients/Methods

We retrospectively analysed patients with MM who underwent Broncho alveolar lavage for pneumonia at Rambam Hospital during a 13‐year period from July 2005 to February 2018. We focused on those with Aspergillus pneumonia.

Results

Of the 669 patients with multiple myeloma, mean age 62.6 (±7.6) years, forty‐two patients (6.2%) were diagnosed with IPA. Among them, 60% had a probable diagnosis and 40% possible. Clinical presentation was similar for IPA and other pulmonary infections. Compared to those with other pulmonary infections, IPA was more commonly diagnosed in patients with long‐standing disease (p = .00012) and among patients receiving 3 or more lines of myeloma therapies (p = .04). Thirty‐day mortality rates following diagnostic bronchoscopy did not differ between IPA and non‐IPA patients. (p = .85).

Conclusions

Multiple myeloma patients had an increased risk for IPA, most notably in patients with 3 or more lines of anti‐myeloma treatment and more advanced disease. This clearly emphasises the vigilance needed for IPA in these patients.