bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of The Concept of Vocational Guidance and Counseling in Vocational Schools
Authors: Linda Gea Vetrycia Damai , Sukardi  , Riki Mukhaiyar  , Nurfarhanah
Published: June 2024

The concept of vocational guidance and counseling in vocational high schools (SMK) plays a crucial role in shaping the future of students. A recent study conducted at SMKS Teknologi YPL Lirik aimed to explore the general overview of guidance and counseling implementation, the steps taken by school principals and teachers, and the challenges faced in this aspect. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, the researchers directly collected data through interviews, documentation, and involving key stakeholders such as the school principal, vice principal of student affairs, subject teachers, class advisors, guidance counselors, and students. The gathered data was then analyzed through a process of reduction and interpreted qualitatively to draw conclusions. According to the interviews conducted with school officials, it was revealed that the current guidance and counseling practices at SMKS Teknologi YPL Lirik are inadequate. This is evident from the students' behavior, which tends to be naughty or undisciplined due to family or community environmental factors. To achieve holistic character education through guidance and counseling, the school must establish good cooperation with parents, maintain direct communication with them in case of any issues at school, and find solutions collaboratively to foster positive character growth in both the family and school environments. In conclusion, the study emphasizes the importance of enhancing guidance and counseling practices in vocational high schools to better support students in their personal and academic development. By addressing challenges and strengthening collaboration between school stakeholders, SMKS Teknologi YPL Lirik can create a more conducive environment for students to thrive and succeed in their vocational endeavors.
Current-Sensorless Robust Sliding Mode Control for the DC-DC Boost Converter
Authors: Oucheriah Said
Published: June 2024

A current-sensorless PWM-based robust sliding mode controller is proposed for the DC-DC Boost Converter,
a nonminimum phase system that presents major challenges in the design of stabilizing controllers. The development of the controller requires the measurement of the output voltage and the estimation of its derivative. An extended state observer is developed to estimate a lumped uncertainty that comprises the uncertain load and input voltage, the converter parasitics, the component uncertainties and also to estimate the derivative of
the output voltage. A linear sliding surface is used to derive the controller that is simple in its design and yet exhibits excellent features in term of robustness to external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and parasitics and despite the absence of the inductor current feedback. Also, a simple procedure to select the controller gains is developed. The robustness of the controller is validated by computer simulations. Future work will be the
validation of these results experimentally.
Promoting Biotic Resistance in Seed-based Wetland Restoration Under Hydrologic Extremes
Authors: Feldman Elana V , Kettenring Karin M.
Published: June 2024

Understanding the factors that drive biotic resistance is important for designing invasion resistant wetland seed mixes. Two factors that affect biotic resistance and can be altered in a seed mix are native plant seeding density and diversity. Here we evaluated the effects of native plant functional group identity (annual forb, bulrush, grass, perennial forb, or rush) and native seeding density (low or high) on the growth of native wetland species and an invader (Phragmites australis) at two sites in the Great Salt Lake Watershed, USA, over two years. We found that the effects of the seeding treatments on biotic resistance appeared to be largely overwhelmed by water depth due to two extreme weather events (severe drought in year 1 and prolonged flooding in year 2). However, these events provided an opportunity to observe the recovery potential of the different functional groups and identify three species (Bolboschoenus maritimus and Schoenoplectus acutus from the bulrush functional group and Distichlis spicata from the grass functional group) that were able to survive the extreme weather conditions during both growing seasons at one of the field sites. Furthermore, we found that different emergent wetland restoration sites can have different plant community outcomes despite geographic proximity, possibly due to distinct site environmental conditions. These findings underscore the importance of using bet-hedging strategies (e.g., seeding diverse mixes with species with a range of hydrologic tolerances) to overcome wetland restoration challenges under hydrologic extremes, conditions likely to become more common with climate change and ever-increasing upstream water diversions.
An Air Emissions Risk Assessment of Non-Criteria Pollutants in a Tunnel Study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Almeida José Claudino Souza , Costa Thiago Fonseca , Arbilla Graciela , Corrêa Sergio Machado , Martins Eduardo Monteiro
Published: June 2024

Brazil's significantly large fleet of ethanol-powered vehicles makes it unique with regard to mobile source emissions. An accurate estimation of emission rates is best obtained from studies reflecting real-world vehicular conditions, such as tunnel investigations. Although laboratory-based estimations are standardized, they may not reflect reality. This study evaluates two methods for estimating emission factors that arise from the circulating fleet of vehicles that travel through the Rebouças Tunnel in Rio de Janeiro. The two monitoring points were located in the L1 gallery of the tunnel. Thirteen sampling campaigns took place between 2017 and 2020. The Pearson correlation method yielded emission rates for total aldehydes of 22.1 ± 6.9 mg km− 1, while the fuel consumption testing method resulted in rates of 17.7 ± 7.8 mg km− 1. Acetaldehyde predominated in both methods, as it is a major constituent of the Brazilian fuel matrix. Benzene emerged as the most abundant BTEX compound, with 3.7 ± 3.2 mg km− 1, when the Pearson method was used, and 2.5 ± 0.3 mg km− 1 with the fuel consumption testing method. Naphthalene, which was mainly collected in the gas phase, showed rates of 1.4 ± 1.0 mg km− 1 (Pearson) and 0.9 ± 0.4 mg km− 1 (fuel consumption). Despite these methodological variations, our findings converge, which suggests that the choice of method should depend on available resources. The Pearson method, which requires a vehicle counting method for traffic flow, obviates the need for CO and CO2 concentration measurements, that are essential for determining fuel consumption.
On-chip DNA Assembly via Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wu Lin-Sheng , Rui Xichuan
Published: June 2024

On-chip gene synthesis has the potential to improve the synthesis throughput and reduce the cost exponentially. While there exist several microarray-based oligo synthesis technologies, on-chip gene assembly has yet to be demonstrated. This work introduces a novel on-chip DNA assembly method via dielectrophoresis (DEP) that can potentially be integrated with microarray-based oligo synthesis on the same chip. Our DEP chip can selectively manipulate oligos and guide their movement without perturbing the surrounding fluid medium, thus aiding in DNA assembly. Helical forked electrode design has been optimized for compatibility with DEP, ensuring efficient control over target oligos. By applying an alternating current signal set at 2 MHz, we successfully achieve the desired directed movement of oligonucleotides. Additionally, chemical treatments combined with photoirradiation enabled the connection of complementary gene sequences and the subsequent release of single-stranded DNA products. Sequencing results validate the effective assembly of DNA fragments, approximately 500 base pairs in length, using our DEP device.
Ensemble species distribution model of threatened Cycas L. species of Kannur district and Kerala, India
Authors: Manjusha Kannankodantavida , Jeevan Kavya , George Shalu , Nawab Nadirsha Puthiyasurambi , Das Mukesh Lal , Muthukumar Anbazhagi , Muthuchamy Muthukumar
Published: June 2024

The single cycad genus Cycas L. of the family Cycadaceae requires special care as they come under the threatened category. The current study focussed on predicting the current, future and paleoclimatic distribution of potentially suitable habitats of Cycas circinalis and Cycas nathorstii in Kerala state and its second northernmost Kannur district. Ensemble function in “sdm” package used to combine five modeling algorithms, namely Generalized Linear Model (GLM), Generalized Additive Model (GAM), Random Forest (RF), Bioclim, Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), and Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). Individual model validation used the area under the curve and true skill statistics value. Annual mean precipitation was the most contributed predictor for the current suitability model of both species, followed by mean annual temperature and precipitation of the driest month. C. circinalis exhibited a high frequency of least suitable regions, and C. nathorstii showed higher moderately suitable areas in Kerala and suitable regions in the Kannur district. The paleoclimatic suitability of both species in Kerala and Kannur district requires further supporting evidence. The distribution model of C. circinalis to future SSP 245 and SSP 585 scenarios showed a slight increase in suitability from 2021–2040 to 2081–2100 for both extents. Similarly, it favours slightly the suitability of C. nathorstii in all four periods. The niche breadth metric resulted in the habitat specificity for both species in Kerala and less specificity of habitats in the Kannur district, along with niche overlap among them. The study will aid in exploring the new populations in the area based on the model and develop conservation efforts.
Modeling the Effects of Equivalence Ratio on Carbon Nanotubes Diameter in Premixed Flame Based on Semi-Empirical Approach
Authors: Olanrewaju Ajani Jimoh , Zainal Muhammad Thalhah , Yasin Mohd Fairu Mohd , Rahman Nurizat , Ibrahim Mohammad Hilmi
Published: June 2024

In the combustion-based synthesis method, morphological control of carbon nanotubes (CNT) to meet specific demands for technological applications remains a challenge. The present study investigates the effect of equivalence ratio on CNT diameter in a premixed flat flame using a computational method validated by experimental investigations. Six cases were examined in the study by varying the equivalence ratio (∅), a combustion parameter that regulates the overall flame temperature, from 1 to 2 at intervals of 0.2. For each of the six cases, a comprehensive validation of the premixed flat flame temperature as predicted by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is attained within a 10% deviation. A semi-empirical correlation between CNT diameter and flame temperature was established by deploying the computed flame temperature as the dependent variable in the empirical correlation of existing experimental work that the present study was based on. The findings indicate that the average flame temperature and CNT diameter increased by 5% and 20%, respectively, when the equivalence ratio ∅ was reduced from 2 to 1. Furthermore, only within 6 mm downstream of the flame site does the effect ∅ on CNT diameter become noticeable. According to actual microscopy findings, CNTs with greater diameters within 36–46 nm and smaller diameters within 29–41 nm are expected at high-temperature regions (T > 1300 K) and low-temperature regions (T < 1300 K) within the flame, respectively.
Surface Water Quality Management Using Multivariate Analysis Methods (A Case Study: Shafarood River, Gilan Province, Iran)
Authors: Deljomanesh Elham Gholami , Abed Mahsa Hakimi , Fataei Ebrahim , Feyzabadi Fatemeh Shariati , Imani Ali Akbar
Published: June 2024

Management of surface water resources is directly associated with determining the correlation between physical, chemical and biological variables and also identifying their natural and anthropogenic origin. The present study was conducted to scrutinize the correlation between the major parameters affecting the water quality of Shafarood River (Gilan Province, Northern Iran) and to monitor the water quality in different areas of the river using canonical correlation analysis and cluster analysis models, respectively. The measured parameters were five physical parameters and four chemical parameters at five stations based on Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 2015 over six years. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between two categories of response variables (physical parameters) and predictor variables (chemical parameters), which were mainly caused by anthropogenic pollution sources (effluents from residential and garden areas). According to the results of cluster analysis, the stations were grouped into two clusters based on the level of pollution, and the cluster grouping confirmed the data of the canonical correlation matrix. The research findings revealed the effectiveness of the obtained linear combinations for the physical parameters, including total suspended solids and turbidity, as well as the chemical parameters, including biochemical oxygen demand and nitrate. To conclude, the efficiency of canonical correlation analysis and cluster analysis methods was confirmed in identifying the determinant variables of water quality and in classifying the water quality monitoring stations in the optimal management of rivers.
A Novel Side Effect of Blutnimab in B Cell Lymphoma Management - A Captivating Case Report
Authors: Alahmari Awadh , Alnasser Ossamh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Blutinumab is a commonly used immunotherapeutic agent for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that targets B cell lymphoma cells. However, limited knowledge exists regarding its potential neurological side effects. We present a case of a 43-year-old female patient with ALL who developed white matter lesions and cognitive impairment during Blutinumab therapy.
Methods: The patient underwent modified BFM inductions followed by post bone marrow aspiration (BMA) inductions and consolidations. Initial brain CT scan showed no abnormalities, but subsequent imaging three months later revealed symmetrical white matter lesions, confirmed by brain MRI. Extensive investigations, including avascular risk factor assessment, inflammatory and infectious screenings, metabolic evaluations, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, yielded unremarkable results.
Results: Given the absence of alternative etiologies and the temporal association between Blutinumab therapy initiation and the development of neurological symptoms and imaging abnormalities, we hypothesize a potential link between Blutinumab and the observed white matter lesions and cognitive impairment. Neurological side effects, including headache and cognitive impairment, have been reported in approximately 10% to 30% of patients receiving Blutinumab. Conclusion: This case emphasizes the need for increased awareness of potential neurological side effects associated with Blutinumab therapy. Further investigation and monitoring are necessary to establish a definitive causal relationship and optimize patient care. Healthcare professionals should be vigilant in recognizing and managing such adverse events to ensure favorable treatment outcomes.
Exploring the potential of the Tachigali vulgaris wood from an experimental planting for producing charcoal in the Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Junior Udson de Oliveira Barros , Lima Michael Douglas Roque , de Assis Maíra Reis , Santos Elvis Vieira dos , Marques Jonathan Dias , Silveira Edgar A. , Bufalino Lina , Gonçalves Delman de Almeida , Tomazello-Filho Mario , Trugilho Paulo Fernando , Protásio Thiago de Paula
Published: June 2024

Eastern Amazonia faces a shortage of plantations to fulfill both industrial and domestic energy needs, particularly in remote and isolated areas. The uniqueness of this study lies in assessing for the first time the impact of planting spacing (4.5, 6.0, 7.5, 9.0, 10.5, and 12.0 m2 plant− 1) and forking of Tachigali vulgaris on charcoal productivity and quality. Wood samples from 54 trees were pyrolyzed at 450°C for 30 min and comprehensively characterized (apparent density, specific firewood consumption, mass balance, proximate composition, heating value, and charcoal productivity). Charcoal’s apparent density increased in the wider spacings (except for 4.5 m2), ranging from 0.294 g cm–3 (4.5 m2) to 0.338 g cm–3 (10.5 m2). Less dense charcoals (0.316 g cm–3) were found for forked trees in opposite to non-forked trees (0.338 g cm–3). The specific consumption of firewood decreased in wider spacings (6.7 to 5.5 m3 of wood ton–1 of charcoal) and increased for forked trees (6.0 m3 of wood ton–1 of charcoal) compared to non-forked trees (5.5 m3 of wood ton–1 of charcoal). Spacings had no significant impact on charcoal gravimetric yields (35–36% based on dry mass - db), pyroligneous liquid (45–48% db), non-condensable gases (17–19% db), volatile matter (26% db), ashes (1.22% db), fixed carbon (73% db), higher heating value (30 MJ kg–1), and charcoal productivity (26 t ha–1 and 3.4 t ha–1 year–1). Results revealed that Tachigali vulgaris wood from experimental planting is promising for sustainable charcoal production in Eastern Amazonia.
Fabrication and Properties of Biodegradable Poly (butylene succinate) Composites by Regulating the Dispersed Oyster Shell Powder with the Silane Coupling Agent
Authors: Shen Yunda , Ren Liang , Ma Hui , Liu Xiangpeng , Song Tao , Liu Qiang , Xue Mingxin , Li Chonghua , Shao Mingliang , Zhang Mingyao
Published: June 2024

This work aims to evaluate the influence of the incorporation of oyster shell powder (OSP) on the mechanical properties, thermal performance and crystallization behavior of green poly (butylene succinate) (PBS) composites by regulating the dispersed oyster shell power with the silane coupling agent. In the present study, fully biodegradable PBS composites have been successfully prepared by virtue of the melt blending with γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH560) grafted oyster shell power namely OSP@KH560, enhancing the mechanical properties and thermal performance of the result materials. The incorporation of 20wt% OSP@KH560 into the composite promotes a dramatic increase of 48.1% in modulus of PBS composite. The results from thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) show that thermal stabilities of PBS composites gradually increase with increasing the amount of OSF@KH560. By adding 30wt% OSP@KH560, the initial decomposition temperature of the PBS composite increase by 15℃. The DSC results demonstrate that the addition of OSP@KH560 at 30% leads to a crystallinity of 45.78% in the composites, which is 35.65% lower than that of PBS, indicating that OSP@KH560 promotes heterogeneous nucleation and accelerates the crystallization rate of PBS, thus reducing its crystallinity. This work provides a new option to prepare PBS composites with good performance and high-cost competitiveness, and further utilizes marine resources while breaking away from dependence on oil resources.
Mesoscale cortical mechanisms of perceptual conflict resolution in binocular rivalry
Authors: Zhang Peng , Qian Chencan , Chen Zhiqiang , Hollander Gilles , Knapen Tomas , Zhang Zihao , He Sheng
Published: June 2024

How does our brain resolve conflicts in sensory input to generate conscious perception? Using high-resolution 7T fMRI, we addressed this question by investigating column- and layer-specific activity in cortical and subcortical regions in humans during binocular rivalry. Results showed that eye-specific rivalry modulation arises from lateral inhibition between adjacent ocular dominance columns in the superficial layers of the primary visual cortex (V1), but not in the ocular layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) of the thalamus. Furthermore, our data support an active role of feedback signals from the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in biasing and synchronizing local competitions in V1 into perceptually coherent representations, even in the absence of awareness of eye-of-origin information. These findings revealed the mesoscale neural circuitry of perceptual conflict resolution in humans: local conflict in sensory input is resolved by inhibitory microcircuits in the early sensory cortex, while feedback signals from parietal attention network bias and integrate local competitions into a unified conscious perception.
Effect of Zika virus on the osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells via the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Li Shanglin , Gao Jie , Shi Shanshan , Mei Jiayi , Wu Sha , Zhou Junmei , Jiang Lifang , Yan Huijun , Huang Lihua , Jiang Zhenyou
Published: June 2024

Background: Zika virus is a small enveloped flavivirus transmitted through the bite of the aedes mosquitos. Epidemiologic survey has shown that diseases caused by Zika virus mainly include microcephaly and malformation of cranial bones.In 2016, nucleic acid screening for the zika virus was conducted in Puerto Rico, and the results indicated that the seasonal incidence rate of zika virus could reach 21.1%.
Research Purpose: To investigate the effect of zika virus on the osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells.
Method: We induced the zika virus-infected human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western Blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of the osteogenic markers, as well as notch signaling pathway molecules. A γ-secretase inhibitor was used to explore whether the osteogenic ability of Zika virus-infected mesenchymal stem cells is restored after inhibiting the notch signaling pathway. Establish a mouse model to verify the results in vivo.
Result: We found that zika virus activated the Notch signaling pathway in mesenchymal stem cells,hindering the formation of osteoblasts. After treating mesenchymal stem cells with the gamma-secretase inhibitor,the osteogenic ability of mesenchymal stem cells can be restored. The same results were observed in the mouse model.
Conclusion: Zika virus suppresses the osteogenic capacity of mesenchymal stem cells via notch signaling pathway.
Aridity and soil properties drive the shrub-herb interactions along drought gradient in desert grassland in Inner Mongolia
Authors: Hou Huiyang , Zhang Yuzhen , Zhou Jianwei , Liu Huijuan , Li Yuanheng , Gao Shaobo
Published: June 2024

Purpose
Environmental conditions can control the structure and composition of plant communities by changing the direction and intensity of plant-plant interactions. However, how drought and soil properties drive the change of shrub-herb interaction in the shrub-encroachment desert steppe in Inner Mongolia remains unclear.
Methods
We explored the changes of shrub-herb interaction along the aridity gradient, and analyzed how the aridity index and soil properties affect the shrub-herb interaction. Field collection of plant samples and soils from northeast to southwest desert steppe in Inner Mongolia was undertaken and the samples were analyzed for biomass, diversity, soil PH, soil organic matter and other elements.
Results
The results show that the positive shrub-herb interaction (RII > 0) increased at first and then decreased in the range of aridity index 0.54 to 1.85 (drought degree decreased gradually). Aridity index (AI), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil total phosphorus (TP) were the main factors driving shrub-herb interaction. AI indirectly affected shrub-herb interaction through TP, and the facilitation of shrubs on herbs coverage and biomass increased with the increase of TP. The SOM can directly affect the shrub-herbs interaction, and the facilitation of shrubs on herb diversity decreases with the increase of SOM.
Conclusion
Overall, although shrub-herb interactions respond differently to environmental factors. This study underscores the positive effects of shrubs on vegetation restoration in desert steppe, and changing environmental conditions by increasing precipitation, increasing TP content, and reducing SOM content can enhance facilitation of shrub on herbs to accelerate the ecological restoration of degraded desert steppe.
Interpreting change on the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5) in National Rugby League Women’s players
Authors: McLeod Shreya , Terry Douglas P , Gardner Andrew J , Iverson Grant L
Published: June 2024

Background The SCAT is a multimodal, evidence-based tool designed for repeat administration at baseline, pre-season and/ or for post-injury assessments, following a sport related concussion. Repeat administration of concussion assessment tools requires clinicians to understand the instrument’s stability and test-retest reliability. Typically, clinicians compare post-injury scores with baseline test results in order to determine whether a clinically significant change has occurred. The National Rugby League Women’s (NRLW) Premiership was created in 2018, with a concussion management process requiring annual pre-season baseline medical assessments of players using the Sport Concussion Assessment Concussion Tool-5th Edition (SCAT5). Although baseline normative data has been published for the SCAT5, reliability data is limited in women. The purpose of this study was to examine the one-year test-retest reliability of the SCAT5 component scores, and to develop reliable change indices, for the women’s league. Results Participants were 63 NRLW players (mean age = 26.9, SD = 5.5) from the 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 seasons. Team medical staff conducted the baseline SCAT5 assessments each year. Test-retest reliability estimates for each of the SCAT5 components were low to moderate (ICCs = 0.28–0.57). The following change scores, reflecting worsening, occurred in 20% or fewer of the sample: +3 symptom number, + 4 symptom severity, and − 2 on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion total score. A change of + 2 total modified Balance Error Scoring System errors occurred in fewer than 10% of the NRLW players between the test and retest. Conclusion SCAT5 scores had low to moderate test-retest reliability across a one-year period. When evaluating the likelihood that a change in a SCAT5 score is reliable and clinically meaningful it is important for clinicians working with professional women’s rugby league players to consider what a change in score means compared to normative reference values and individual baseline scores. Reliable change cutoff scores could be used to determine the magnitude of change after a suspected concussion.
Efficacy and Safety of Cytoreductive Surgery Combined with Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis
Authors: Yan Guojun , Zhang Kai , Yan Lijun , Zhang Yanbin
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Pancreatic cancer with peritoneal metastasis presents a challenging prognosis, with limited effective treatment options available. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining cytoreductive surgery (CRS) with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) as a treatment strategy for this patient group.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on patients with peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer who underwent CRS + HIPEC treatment at Beijing Shijitan Hospital from March 2017 to December 2023. The study focused on assessing clinical features, the incidence of sever adverse events (SAEs), and overall survival (OS).
Results
A total of 10 patients were enrolled in this study. The median OS was 24.2 months, suggesting an improvement over traditional therapies. While SAEs were noted, including two cases of severe complications necessitating additional surgical interventions, no perioperative fatalities were recorded. The overall survival time for patients with CC0/1 was not significantly different from that of patients with CC2/3, and no prognostic predictors were identified.
Conclusions
The combination of CRS and HIPEC appears to be a viable and promising treatment modality for patients with peritoneal metastasis of pancreatic cancer, offering an improved survival rate with manageable safety concerns. Further research is needed to refine patient selection criteria and to explore the long-term benefits of this approach.
Variation of all-cause mortality with Fat-free Mass Index（FFMI）and Fat Mass Index（FMI）in individuals with Asthma: results from the NHANES database prospective cohort study
Authors: Chen Jing , Cheng Zihe , Yao Yang , Wang Shengyu
Published: June 2024

Background The relationship between FFMI, FMI, and mortality in patients with asthma remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between FFMI and FMI and all-cause mortality in a cohort of American adults diagnosed with asthma.
Methods This study included 15200 adults from NHANES. To assess mortality, we linked participant records to the National Death Index. Survival differences across quintiles of FFMI and FMI were explored using Kaplan-Meier plots and log-rank tests. The study investigated the nonlinear relationships between FFMI, FMI, and mortality. Additionally, stratified analyses were undertaken to pinpoint subgroups of individuals who exhibited an elevated risk of mortality.
Results After a median follow-up, 13360 were presumed alive and 1840 had deceased. Kaplan-Meier plots revealed significant differences in all-cause mortality in patients with asthma among the FFMI quintiles and FMI quintiles. Specifically, individuals in the lowest FFMI quintile (Q1, 10.4-16.0) exhibited a markedly increased risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 4.63; 95% CI: 1.59,13.5; p< 0.01). Similarly, increased all-cause mortality risks were observed in the upper three quintiles of FMI-Q3 (4.8-6.1) with HR: 2.9 (1.20,7.00, p<0.05), Q4 (6.2-8.3) with HR: 3.37 (1.41,8.03, p<0.01), and Q5 (8.4-22.8) with HR: 4.6 (1.31,16.2, p<0.05). Moreover, the risk of all-cause mortality increased with increasing FMI and decreasing FFMI (p for non-linearity<0.001 in both cases) respectively. Subgroup analyses further elucidated these associations across different categories.
Conclusions All-cause mortality is decreased in patients with asthma when FMI is less than 5.4 kg/m2, and increased when FFMI is less than 18.6 kg/m2.
Cancer/testis antigen expression and co-expression patterns in Gastroesophageal Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kalvapudi Sukumar , Pachimatla Akhil Goud , Seager R. J. , Conroy Jeffrey , Pabla Sarabjot , Mukherjee Sarbajit
Published: June 2024

Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEAC) poses a significant challenge due to its poor prognosis and limited treatment options. Recently, Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) have emerged as potential therapy targets due to their high expression in tumor cells and their immunogenic nature. We aimed to explore the expression and co-expression of CTAs in GEAC. We analyzed 63 GEAC patients initially and validated our findings in 329 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. CTA expression was measured after RNA sequencing, while clinical information, including survival outcomes and treatment details, was collected from an institutional database. Co-expression patterns among CTAs were determined using Pearson correlation analysis. The majority of the study cohort were male (87%), Caucasian (94%), and had stage IV disease (64%). CTAs were highly prevalent, ranging from 58–19%. The MAGE gene family showed the highest expression, consistent across both cohorts. The correlation matrix revealed a distinct cluster of significantly co-expressed genes, including MAGEA3, NY-ESO-1, and others (0.27 ≤ r ≤ 0.73). Survival analysis revealed that individual CTAs were associated with poorer survival outcomes in patients not receiving immunotherapy while showing potential for improved survival in those undergoing immunotherapy, although these findings lacked robust reliability. Our study provides a comprehensive characterization of CTA expression and co-expression in GEAC. The strong correlation among CTAs like MAGE, NY-ESO-1, and GAGE suggests a potential for therapies targeting multiple CTAs simultaneously. Further research, including prospective trials, is warranted to assess the prognostic value of CTAs and their suitability as therapeutic targets.
Exploring Biopsychosocial Health Outcomes in Endometriosis and Endometriosis with Co-occurring Irritable Bowel Syndrome – A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Cheah Suiyin , Skvarc David , Evans Subhadra , Niekerk Leesa Van , Mikocka-Walus Antonina
Published: June 2024

Endometriosis and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) share common pathophysiological and risk factors, often leading to misdiagnosis, diagnostic delays, and treatment implications. Further, both conditions are associated with biopsychosocial comorbidities, resulting in compromised wellbeing and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This longitudinal prospective study consisting of 610 adult women with endometriosis (EndoOnly; n = 352), and with endometriosis and co-occurring IBS-type symptoms (Endo + IBS; n = 258) aimed to investigate the differences in biopsychosocial factors, specifically HRQoL, psychological distress, pain, fatigue and menstrual symptoms over a three-year period. Using linear mixed models, results demonstrated that individuals with Endo + IBS were more likely to experience lower HRQoL and higher functional pain disability, fatigue, and menstrual symptoms compared to individuals with EndoOnly over three years. Results showed significant linear declines in rumination, total pain catastrophising, pain severity and helplessness for both groups; however, the rate of change for the Endo + IBS group tended to diminish and change direction over time. Further individuals with Endo + IBS were inclined to exhibit more complex change trajectories in psychological distress, magnification, and fatigue over time, with a trend towards worse outcomes overall. The onset of the COVID-19 during the study appeared to produce unexpected and inconsistent patterns of change for both groups. Findings highlight important implications for the implementation of multidisciplinary psychosocial healthcare, to help improve diagnosis, clinical management and overall health outcomes for individuals living with endometriosis and co-occurring IBS-type symptoms.
The role of albumin-corrected anion gap as a predictor of all-cause mortality in patients with Sepsis-AKI: a propensity score-matched cohort study
Authors: Liao Jian , Xiao Xiao , Lu Dingyu , Huang Wei , Wang Maojuan
Published: June 2024

Background The potential association between albumin-corrected anion gap at admission and prognosis in patients with sepsis-induced AKI remains uncertain. The purpose of this study was to explore the prognostic value of ACAG on mortality in patients with Sepsis-AKI. Methods Data for this retrospective study were obtained from the MIMIC IV2.2 database. We used propensity score matching (PSM) and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis to evaluate the correlation between the ACAG and clinical outcomes in patients with Sepsis-AKI. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was conducted to minimize bias. Receiver operating characteristic curves were generated for albumin, AG, and ACAG, and comparisons of the areas under the ROC curves were made. Decision curve analysis (DCA) was carried out to assess the net benefit of ACAG. Results According to the screening criteria, we identified a cohort of 2387 patients diagnosed with Sepsis-AKI. When comparing the normal-ACAG group(12-20mmol/L) to the high-ACAG group(> 20mmol/L)), it was found that the high-ACAG group exhibited longer stays in the ICU( 5 days vs.4 days, P = 0.023) and higher hospital mortality rate( 48.5% vs. 20.2%, P < 0.001). After matching, Cox regression analysis results showed that the high-ACAG group exhibited higher risk of hospital mortality (HR = 1.80, 95%CI: 1.27–2.56, P < 0.001). The area under the curve (AUC) values of ACAG was 0.697 (after PSM), which was significantly higher than those of albumin or AG. ACAG also had the highest Youden’s index and the largest net benefit range according to the decision curve analysis (DCA). Conclusion Elevated serum ACAG (> 20 mmol/L) is an independent risk factor for all-cause hospital mortality in patients with Sepsis-AKI. ACAG can be a new and easily acquired indicator that can provide new ideas for clinical practice.
Geospatial delineation of groundwater potential zones in the lower Okavango Delta, Botswana
Authors: Gondo Reniko
Published: June 2024

Integration of remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS) is crucial in groundwater resource management, particularly in regions like the Okavango Delta in Northern Botswana, characterized by erratic rainfall ranging annually and spatially from 300 to 600 millimetres. This variability, coupled with occasional droughts, poses significant risks to water resources, agriculture, and livelihoods. To tackle these challenges, this study employed remote sensing and GIS techniques to delineate groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) in the lower Okavango Delta. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was utilized to analyse eight thematic factors—geology, rainfall, slope, lineament density, soil, drainage density and land use, and land cover—and integrate them into the groundwater potential zone map. The study identified five distinct GWPZs: very poor (2.8%), poor (44.5%), moderate (45.0%), good (7.6%), and very good (0.1%), indicating varying degrees of groundwater availability and suitability for sustainable use. Integrating this potential zone map into broader water resource management plans is recommended to promote sustainable groundwater management practices. Additionally, enhancing climate resilience through cross-sectoral collaboration and stakeholder engagement is crucial. These efforts are necessary for developing integrated strategies to address water resource planning and adapt to climate change impacts, fostering sustainable development and resilience in water-stressed regions.
Dual RNA-seq reveals distinct families of co-regulated and structurally conserved effectors in Botrytis cinerea infection of Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Wei Jinfeng , Zhou Qian , Zhang Jing , Wu Mingde , Li Guoqing , Yang Long
Published: June 2024

Background
Botrytis cinerea is a broad-host pathogen causing gray mold disease and significant losses in the yield of numerous crops. However, the mechanisms underlying its rapid invasion and efficient killing of plant cells remain unclear.
Results
In this study, we elucidated the dynamics of B. cinerea infection in Arabidopsis thaliana by live-cell imaging and dual RNA sequencing. We found extensive transcriptional reprogramming events in both the pathogen and host, which involved metabolic pathways, signaling cascades, and transcriptional regulation. For the pathogen, we identified 852 candidate effector proteins (CEPs) and comprehensively analyzed their co-expression, sequence similarity, and structural conservation. The results revealed temporal co-regulation patterns of these CEPs, indicating coordinated deployment of effectors during B. cinerea infection. Functional screening of 48 selected CEPs in Nicotiana benthamiana demonstrated that B. cinerea may predominantly depend on cell death-inducing proteins (CDIPs) for rapid host colonization.
Conclusions
The findings provide important insights into the transcriptional dynamics and effector biology driving B. cinerea pathogenesis. The rapid infection of this pathogen involves the temporal co-regulation of CEPs and the prominent role of CDIPs in host cell death. Overall, this work provides a valuable resource for developing novel strategies for disease control targeting this devastating pathogen.
Lactate activates ER Stress to promote alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis in Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: Sun Zhiheng , He Wanyu , Meng Huiwen , Ji Zhihua , Qu Junxing , Yu Guoying
Published: June 2024

Pulmonary Fibrosis (PF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease characterized by fibrous tissue excessive proliferation and enhanced glycolysis level in lung with high lactate level accumulation, which could be triggered by alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in pulmonary fibrotic tissue is indeed recognized as a significant factor exacerbating PF development. Emerging evidences indicated a potential association between ER stress induced by lactate and cellular apoptosis in PF; However, the mechanisms in this process needs further elucidation. In this paper, lung fibrosis model was induced by bleomycin (BLM) intratracheally in mice. In the cellular model, type II epithelial cells were treated by lactate and TGF-β to detect ER stress and apoptosis markers. Lactate could exacerbate lung fibrosis by facilitating ER stress response and cell apoptosis. Mechanismly, lactate activated Caspase-12 via ATF4-Chop axis to induce cell apoptosis and promoting fibrosis with downregulated Bcl-2 and enhanced Bax. ER stress inhibitor could effectively suppress alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis and lung fibrosis. We concluded that pro-fibrotic properties of lactate are associated with alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis by causing ER stress and thus provide new potential therapeutic targets for pulmonary fibrosis.
A Study of The Burden of Disease of Pneumoconiosis in East Asia and in China, Japan and Korea, 1990-2021
Authors: Zhang Shenyu , Wang Jialin , Qiao Zhongli , Chen Lin , Xiong Jun , Ji Chongyan , Zheng Yuxin , Wang Huilin
Published: June 2024

OBJECTIVE: To explore trends in pneumoconiosis incidence, prevalence, mortality and DALYs in 2021 in China, Japan, Korea, and East Asia in a cross-sectional study from 1990 to 2021
RESEARCH DESIGN: Data from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 for the relevant countries and regions were used in this study. People with pneumoconiosis in the region aged 15-70 years were included in the analysis Data were analysed from 18 May 2024 to 10 June 2024. Main outcome indicators: incidence, mortality, DALYs. interannual trends were stratified according to country, region, age, and sex.
RESULTS: From 1990 to 2021, the global age-specified incidence of pneumoconiosis declined annually, from 1.02 (0.88-1.19) in 1990 to 0.73 (0.64-0.83) in 2021. the incidence rates in 2021 were smaller than those in 1990 for all age groups. It is noteworthy that the global number of deaths from pneumoconiosis shows a fluctuating increase. The incidence of pneumoconiosis in East Asia as well as in China, Japan and South Korea has risen slightly this year, and the mortality rate of men is significantly higher than that of women.
SUMMARY: While the decline in incidence and the reduction in new cases of pneumoconiosis have eased the pressure on public health to a certain extent, with the number of deaths rising year after year, pneumoconiosis remains an increasingly serious global health challenge. This is especially true in areas with inadequate health systems. Improved understanding of the epidemiology of pneumoconiosis may contribute to its prevention and control.
A Hybrid Mathematical-Simulation Approach to Hospital Beds Capacity Optimization for COVID-19 Pandemic Conditions
Authors: Maleki Reza , Taghizadeh-Yazdi Mohammadreza , Ghasemi Rohollah , Rivandi Samar
Published: June 2024

The Covid-19 pandemic was an unforeseen threat to human survival, and the efficiency of the health sector faced a severe challenge. The lack of hospital beds was one of the most critical concerns, and optimizing the capacity of hospital beds was considered one of the key issues. Due to the ageing of the population and the occasional occurrence of environmental and health crises, the demand for health services and the need for improved planning and administration are increasing daily. Therefore, the optimal allocation of hospital resources, particularly the number of beds, the essential criterion for a medical center’s capacity, can substantially reduce patient waiting time and treatment costs and improve services. An ideal multi-objective integer programming problem is presented in this study for optimizing the number of hospital beds and reducing costs of the length of stay and length of hospital stay. The problem also considers constraints relating to critical circumstances, given the Corona's prevalence. Moreover, the optimal answer is obtained using a simulation model, mathematical optimization, and a simulation-based optimization approach. For this purpose, mathematical modelling was used to minimize patients' waiting time, hospitalizations, and maintenance costs of existing beds and purchasing a new bed. Following that, real-world conditions were introduced into the problem using the simulation model and information acquired from one month of hospitalization of patients during the Coronavirus outbreak at Imam Hussein Hospital in Tehran. After comparing mathematical and simulated models, the OptQuest simulation-based optimization technique revealed the ideal number of hospital beds.
The Comparison of Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, Trichoscopic and Trichoscan Characteristics in Androgenetic Alopecia (AGA) and Early-Onset Androgenetic Alopecia (Early-Onset AGA)
Authors: Legiawati Lili , Sitohang Irma Bernadette S. , Yusharyahya Shannaz Nadia , Sirait Sondang P. , Novianto Endi , Yunir Em , Lauren Brigitta Cindy , Hakiki Nadhira Permata , Rahmadika Faizal Dzaky
Published: June 2024

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA), the most common cause of hair loss, is influenced by various risk factors. Metabolic syndrome constitutes a collection of risk factors elevating the risk of cardiovascular disease. The presence of early-onset AGA could serve as an indicator of the emergence of metabolic syndrome, yet to date, no research has examined these parameters in AGA. This is a cross-sectional study comparing two groups; early onset versus normal onset AGA. Forty participants were enlisted and evenly distributed into the two groups. Subsequently, participants underwent examinations utilizing trichoscopy, trichoscan, and laboratory assessments. Apart from waist circumference, BMI, and age of alopecia onset, there were no notable differences concerning sociodemographic and clinical features. In terms of hair growth parameters, the telogen hair rate stands out as the sole indicator exhibiting a significant difference between both groups, while trichoscopy data also revealed varying hair characteristics. Lastly, metabolic parameters namely triglyceride, fasting blood glucose, HbA1c and HDL differ significantly, with the normal onset group demonstrating a higher prevalence of metabolic abnormality. This suggests a potential association between AGA and metabolic syndrome. However, the exact nature of this relationship remains uncertain, necessitating further research with larger samples, specific age groups and diverse study designs.