bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic Study of Battery Electric Vehicle Ownership in England
Authors: Yiu Justin , Pawlak Jacek , Imani Ahmadreza Faghih , Sivakumar Aruna
Published: August 2024

Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) form a big part of the UK’s agenda for decarbonizing road transport. Although there have been various policies such as purchase grants and vehicle tax exemptions, the BEV penetration rate in the UK was only 2.5% in September 2023. Most research analyzing electric vehicle (EV) ownership in the UK is either based on stated preference survey data or includes plug-in hybrid vehicles in the analysis because of the sparsity of BEV ownership data; there is limited research based on household revealed preference (RP) data. This paper develops a BEV ownership model using RP household-level data from England to discover influential factors, to validate the findings in the literature, or both. Specifically, this paper uses the subset of the UK National Travel Survey (NTS) special license data to estimate a series of binary logit models of BEV ownership as a function of several sociodemographic, regional, and temporal factors, and discusses the related policy implications. Household income, multivehicle ownership (resulting from range anxiety), and overnight parking on street (resulting from insufficient public charging infrastructure) are influential factors found in this study that align with previous studies. On the other hand, households with a mortgage loan, geographical attributes (such as population density), and household composition (e.g., number of adults and children) are new factors identified in this study. We also present a future BEV ownership prediction model for regions of England which clearly suggests that improving public charging infrastructure, especially in the north, is required to achieve widespread growth in BEV ownership.
Jail Adaptation and Loyalty to the Code of the Incarcerated
Authors: Cook Carrie L. , Doude Sara
Published: August 2024

This article assesses the ability of the adaptation theories of deprivation and importation to explain loyalty to the “inmate” code in a jail setting. The code emphasizes shared values such as respectability, toughness, self-reliance, domination, violence, distrust of institutions, and not meddling or snitching. Prior literature assessing how people adjust to incarceration has used the theories of deprivation or importation mainly to examine prison conduct. Research about the code of the incarcerated has also failed to examine the code in jails. Given the history of mass incarceration and the accompanying impact on correctional facilities, we should subsequently reassess the principles of adaptation theories, including their role in code loyalty, and specifically in the jail setting. In this study, we used nested, ordinary least squares regression to analyze the results of a survey conducted in two jail facilities in one state. Though loyalty to the code in jails was explained by the tenets of both theories, importation had a slightly greater influence. This implies that while jail correctional subculture emerges from both the shared experience of life behind bars as well as the characteristics of individuals who are among jail populations, some pre-jail characteristics are particularly relevant.
On the Quality of the Experience With Virtual Reality-Based Instructional Tools for Science Lab Activities
Authors: Cannavò Alberto , De Lorenzis Federico , Pratticò Filippo Gabriele , Galante Lorenzo , Lamberti Fabrizio
Published: August 2024

Today, immersive technologies like Virtual Reality (VR) are regarded as disruptive tools in many domains, including education. While the body of literature in the field is growing, studies that present contrasting findings are not uncommon. In fact, although there is evidence of the benefits brought by VR in the educational processes, in some cases the effects of a possible trade-off between learning effectiveness and quality of the learning experience (or QoLE) may be observed. The two dimensions are difficult to disentangle, as besides learning effectiveness, other factors like motivation, technology acceptability, workload, presence, immersion, engagement, and usability come to play. This paper digs into the above scenario by focusing on the QoLE of immersive VR-based learning and comparing it with that of two conventional approaches (a physical prop-based one and a 3D desktop application). Separation of the two dimensions is pursued by imposing equality of the learning performance achieved with the three approaches, aiming at getting rid of possible confounding factors. From the results of the user study performed in the context of a STEM-related laboratory activity, the VR-based approach appeared to be generally superior to the prop-based approach and showed several advantages over the 3D desktop application.
Empowering Student Learning Through Artificial Intelligence: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Yun Gawon , Lee Kewman M. , Choi Hailey Hyunjin
Published: August 2024

Scholarly interest in artificial intelligence (AI) has surged as researchers delve into its transformative impact on various aspects of our lives. AI poses both benefits and challenges, particularly in the context of educators' endeavors to comprehend the intricacies of students' learning processes. Although the use of AI to enhance and assist student learning is relatively new, the exponential growth of scholarly attention and publications in AI and student learning in recent years underscores the compelling necessity for further inquiry. Investigating this area is crucial for understanding the emerging trends in this research domain. This study aims to provide insights into the burgeoning research trajectories on AI from a student learning perspective. Using a bibliometric approach, this study examined 663 scholarly articles pertaining to the interface between AI and student learning published between 1961 and 2024. Our findings reveal four major thematic areas including AI in education and educational technology, AI-driven learning environments, essential AI enablers, and human learning and highlight promising avenues at this intersection.
Integrating Indigenous midwives into a comprehensive primary care setting
Authors: Benoit Cecilia , Mellor Andrea , Koenig Brett , Pambrun Nathalie , Mason Melanie
Published: August 2024

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Co-development of a national, bilingual, post-licensure accredited educational program for registered nurses in primary care: A knowledge-to-action exemplar
Authors: Poitras Marie-Eve , Lukewich Julia , Klassen Treena , Guérin Mireille , Ryan Dana , Langlois Anne-Sophie , Braithwaite Suzanne , Morin Anaëlle , Curnew Deanne , Vaughan Crystal , McGraw Monica , Devey-Burry Robin , Poirier Marie-Dominique , Leamon Toni , Epp Sheila , Bulman Donna
Published: August 2024

Registered nurses’ practice in primary care varies and is sometimes sub-optimal. To fill the gap in primary care-specific knowledge, we co-constructed a national educational program to reinforce the nursing workforce. We based our project on the knowledge-to-action approach. Many lessons were learned during the development phase: (1) The experiential knowledge of patient partners and stakeholders allows an education program based on real needs; (2) The development of a national education program requires high-intensity investment from all involved persons; (3) An in-person meeting at the beginning of the project enables robust discussions and optimal co-creation; and (4) In a country where two official languages are spoken, it’s essential to create a safe environment and a translation infrastructure that allows everyone to express themselves in the language of their choice. Finally, other initiatives in healthcare education or professional practice improvement could leverage our findings to realize national-scale projects using knowledge creation approaches.
Enhancing community-oriented care: Implementation of social prescribing within a family health team
Authors: Yusuf Abban , Adose Orit , Basnet Sandesh , Bernales Mikhaila , Vahidi-Williams Nassim , Bloch Gary , Kopansky-Giles Deborah , Weyman Karen , O’Neill Braden
Published: August 2024

High quality comprehensive primary care is essential for the health and well-being of individuals and communities, but the provision of health services is inadequate to fully address these needs. Social isolation and loneliness are associated with poor health outcomes and are increasingly prevalent among older adults. The St. Michael’s Hospital Academic Family Health Team, a large interdisciplinary primary care organization that serves approximately 55,000 people in the downtown east of Toronto, Ontario, developed and implemented a social prescribing program to support socially isolated and lonely older adults. This article reports the development of that program—called SEED (Seniors, Equity, Engagement, and Dignity)—and describes opportunities and challenges and some preliminary results from the first year. By supporting people in new ways, this program aims to reduce loneliness and social isolation, increase capacity within the family health team, and support diverse older adults to live fulfilling lives.
Investigating the Prevalence and Predictors of Apathy among the Canadian Long-Term Care Residents: A Secondary Data Analysis
Authors: Agboji Aderonke , Freeman Shannon , Banner Davina , Armstrong Joshua , Martin-Khan Melinda
Published: August 2024

Background

In long-term care facilities (LTCF), apathy is a prevalent issue, leading to cognitive decline, functional impairment, and increased mortality risk. Despite its significance, apathy often remains underrecognized and undermanaged in these settings. Recognizing and addressing the predictors of apathy is critical for early intervention and improved care outcomes.

Purpose

This study aims to assess the prevalence of apathy and identify its associated risk factors among newly admitted residents in the Canadian LTCF, using the InterRAI Minimum Data Set (MDS 2.0).

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of MDS 2.0 admission assessment data between 2015 and 2019, covering 157,596 residents across six Canadian provinces and one territory. Apathy was measured using the Apathy Index of the MDS 2.0, with the biopsychosocial model guiding the analysis.

Results

The prevalence of apathy was 12.5% (19,758 individuals). The most significant predictors include cognitive impairments, specific age groups, hearing impairments, vision impairments, facility size and location.

Conclusions

The findings of this study underscore the need for tailored strategies in LTCF to address apathy, considering individual, institutional, and regional variations. Emphasis on environmental and personal factors is crucial in the management and prevention of apathy in these settings.
Seroprevalence of Lyme Disease in Children With Facial Nerve Palsy
Authors: Murphy Bethany , Veras Julissa , Kolli Sindhura , Formanowski Brielle , Greenberg Patricia , Kleinman Lawrence , Malhotra Amisha , Bhise Vikram
Published: August 2024

This retrospective chart review examined children with documented Lyme disease serology in New Jersey aged <21 years presenting with facial nerve palsy. The presence of symptoms including tick bite, fever, headache, and arthritis was recorded. Data were categorized based on demographic factors, and multivariate regression was employed. We enrolled 122 children, 54% female (mean age of 11.4 ± 5.1 years); 22.1% had Lyme disease. Fever was a significant predictor of Lyme disease ( P = .01), confirmed by multivariate regression (odds ratio [OR] = 16.11, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.04, 366.14), as was male gender ( P = .01, OR = 3.68, 95% CI = 1.21, 12.89). This association held especially true in Lyme-endemic regions (prevalence ≥ 0.35). The combination of headache with fever was also significantly predictive ( P = .01). We found no significant predictive value in the remaining symptoms. These findings suggest that clinical predictors may be useful in diagnosing Lyme disease and initiating early empiric treatment.
Research Note: The Association of Procedural and Distributive Justice With Emotional Exhaustion Burnout Among Prison Officers in Nigeria
Authors: Lambert Eric G. , Hall Daniel E. , Otu Smart , Elechi O. Oko , Jenkins Morris , Lanterman Jennifer L. , Zia Huma
Published: August 2024

Prison officers have a demanding job and are at risk of burnout. The literature indicates that workplace variables are related to burnout, but there are gaps in the literature that need to be addressed, including the need for additional research on the association of organizational justice with officer burnout. Organizational justice theory holds that employees expect to be treated fairly by their organizations and that psychological strain occurs if they are not, and this strain increases the chances of job burnout. The current study examined how distributive and procedural justice views, which are dimensions of organizational justice, were related to the emotional exhaustion burnout of Nigerian prison officers. Data were collected from 120 officers stationed at medium-security prison in southeast Nigeria. Both procedural justice and distributive justice were significantly associated with lower emotional exhaustion burnout. The current findings support the postulation that workplace fairness is associated with lower levels of job burnout.
Susceptibility of hepato-splanchnic perfusion to intra-abdominal pressure in peritoneal dialysis patients
Authors: Ribitsch Werner , Lehner Thomas A , Sauseng Notburga , Rosenkranz Alexander R , Schneditz Daniel
Published: August 2024

Background

The impact of peritoneal filling on hepato-splanchnic perfusion during peritoneal dialysis has not been fully elucidated yet.

Methods

Measurements were done in 20 prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients during a peritoneal equilibration test (PET) with 2L of standard dialysate. Data were obtained in the drained state at baseline ( T0), after instillation ( T1), and after 2 h of dwell time ( T2). Intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) was measured by Durand's approach. The hepatic clearance index (KI) of indocyanine-green (ICG) was determined as an indirect measure of hepato-splanchnic blood flow. Cardiac index (CI), heart rate (HR), and total peripheral resistance index (TPRI) were derived from continuous arterial pulse analysis. Fluid volume overload (VO) was evaluated by multifrequency bioimpedance analysis. Ejection fraction (EF) was obtained from echocardiographic examination.

Results

IAP was 5.8 ± 3.5 mmHg at baseline ( T0), rose to 9.4 ± 2.8 mmHg after instillation of dialysate ( T1), and further to 9.7 ± 2.8 mmHg after 2 h of dwell time ( p < 0.001). KI slightly declined from 0.60 ± 0.22 L/min/m2at T0to 0.53 ± 0.15 L/min/m2at T1( p = 0.075), and returned to 0.59 ± 0.22 L/min/m2at T2( p = 0.052). CI, HR, and TPRI did not change significantly. In five patients with an EF < 40% KI was significantly lower at T1(0.42 ± 0.12 L/min/m2; p = 0.039), and further decreased at T2(0.40 ± 0.04 L/min/m2; p = 0.016) compared to patients with normal EF ( T1: 0.58 ± 0.15 L/min/m2and T2: 0.67 ± 0.22 L/min/m2).

Conclusions

Overall, hepatic clearance of ICG as a marker of hepato-splanchnic blood flow is not affected by the filling of the peritoneal cavity.
Clinical Evaluation of Metal Dental Prostheses in Captive Wild Felids
Authors: Fecchio Roberto Silveira , Teixeira Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello , Barbosa Bruna , Gioso Marco Antonio
Published: August 2024

Captive felids are prone to dental fractures, and the recommended treatment involves endodontics (root canal treatment), prosthodontics (coronal restoration), or tooth extraction. A single-unit dental prosthesis can restore the crown of a tooth whose structure has been partially or completely lost. Nine animals out of 35 captive wild felids kept under human care in 7 different Brazilian institutions were selected for the study. The animals selected included the little spotted cat ( Leopardus tigrinus), ocelot ( L. pardalis), margay cat ( L. wiedii), pampas cat ( L. colocolo), jaguarundi cat ( Puma yagouaroundi), puma ( P. concolor), jaguar ( Panthera onca), lion ( P. leo), and tiger ( P. tigris). Nineteen canine prosthodontic crowns (18 full and one 3/4) were cemented using dual-cure resin cement and their feasibility was evaluated for 30 months. Fourteen (73%) remained fixed to the tooth and 5 (27%) were lost after the evaluation period. This study aimed to assess the longevity of prosthodontic crowns in the canine teeth of wild felids. Furthermore, it aimed to determine the functionality and longevity of teeth which had received prosthodontic crowns.
Financial management, efficiency, and care quality: A systematic review in the context of Health 4.0
Authors: Carmo Filho Ricardo do , Borges Pedro Pereira
Published: August 2024

This article investigates the intersection between innovation, Health 4.0, and financial management in the healthcare industry, emphasizing the importance of operational efficiency and quality of care. The study aims to analyze how financial management processes in healthcare relate to Health 4.0 and enhance care quality. It begins with a thorough theoretical grounding, proposing a framework that connects Health 4.0 with financial management practices. A systematic review of the literature was conducted, identifying trends, challenges, and opportunities in the financial management of Health 4.0. The results highlight selected articles on responsible innovation, Health 4.0 technologies, investments in health, hospital efficiency, performance forecasting, and high-cost patient management. These articles were clustered into “Data Analysis and Machine Learning in Healthcare” and “Health Management and Sustainability,” providing a categorized understanding of the topics. The study reveals that Health 4.0 offers significant opportunities for process efficiency and cost reduction without compromising service quality. It highlights strategic advantages in addressing contemporary healthcare challenges by optimizing processes, improving financial projections, and incorporating advanced technologies efficiently. The successful implementation of Health 4.0 can lead to substantial improvements in service quality, adding value to patients and driving local economic development. This article offers valuable insights for healthcare professionals and managers, emphasizing the transformative potential of Health 4.0 and outlining strategies for its effective implementation. The clustering of articles provides a clearer understanding of current research in Health 4.0, contributing significantly to the field and guiding future research directions.
Informative campaigns, overpromising, and policy bargaining
Authors: Kim Dahjin , Lin Gechun , Schnakenberg Keith E.
Published: August 2024

What is the relationship between policy positions taken in campaigns and those proposed in bargaining when the final policy outcome depends on other political actors? Why do candidates sometimes advocate policies in their campaigns that are unlikely or impossible to pass given the preferences of other actors in the government? We analyze a model in which candidates make non-binding policy platform announcements and then bargain with a Veto player over the final policy if they take office. In the model, a candidate has private information that is related to the policy preferences of a key citizen group and engages in bargaining with a Veto player who is responsive to this information. When the citizen’s group sometimes interprets campaign promises naively, elections are more likely to allow information revelation. Furthermore, in this case, politicians overpromise: the politician’s platform is outside of the range of feasible bargaining outcomes.
Joint buffetings suppression and trajectory tracking by fuzzy-based super-twist sliding mode control: Application to a fast parallel robot for PnP operations
Authors: Wu Guanglei
Published: August 2024

This paper deals with the suppression of robotic joint buffetings for enhanced precision of trajectory tracking by means of fuzzy-based super-twist sliding mode control, which is illustrated with a fast pick-and-place parallel robot for material handling. Prior to control design, the joint motions and torques are measure to identify the dynamic parameters of the robot with recursive least square method, which is experimentally validated for the further model-based control design. In order to suppress the joint buffetings and to improve the tracking accuracy, the control law by integrating fuzzy algorithm and second-order sliding mode control is designed, where the control performance is evaluated by observing the joint dynamics, compared to the classical computed torque control and fuzzy sliding mode variable structure control. The experimental results and comparative study show the effectiveness of the developed control scheme, regarding the joint buffetings suppression and trajectory tracking precision. The main contribution lies in the integrated fuzzy algorithm and second-order sliding mode control for the model-based control design, with acceptable computational cost and trajectory tracking accuracy, from the perspective of actual engineering application.
Prime number-based multistep measurement for separation of roundness errors
Authors: Hsieh Tsung-Han , Lin Ming-Xian
Published: August 2024

Roundness measurement is critical in manufacturing, as it ensures that products conform to precise design specifications. However, traditional multistep measurements for roundness error separation are time-consuming and limited in their ability to separate specific Fourier components. In this study, we propose a novel combined multistep measurement method with prime numbers that overcomes these limitations. We demonstrate this method through three experimental cases, achieving high levels of Fourier components in error separation with a limited number of measurements. Our method combines two ( p and q) or three ( p, q, and r) steps of prime numbers to achieve high levels of Fourier components for error separation, compared to traditional multistep measurements that require more steps. In the first experimental case, we use a 2-step and 5-step measurement to achieve traditional multistep measurement in ten steps. In the second case, we use 3-step and 5-step measurements, and in the third, we combine the 2-step, 3-step, and 5-step measurements. We achieve roundness deviations (RONt) of 12.7, 7.8, and 9.9 nm, respectively, and maximum En-values of 0.8, 0.8, and 0.7, respectively. Our proposed combined multistep measurement method using prime numbers has practical applications in manufacturing, as it reduces the time and resources required for roundness error separation while achieving a higher level of Fourier components. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method and its potential to revolutionize roundness measurement in industry.
Regenerative braking fault compensation control of distributed electric vehicle considering random wheel fault degree
Authors: Fang Ting , Wang Qidong , Zhao Linfeng , Chen Wuwei , Cai Bixin , Wang Huiran
Published: August 2024

Distributed drive electric vehicles can reduce range anxiety through regenerative braking. However, if the wheel motor torque output fails, it will form an additional yaw moment to the vehicle, causing instability, or deviation and threatening its safety. To solve this problem, the research object is an electric vehicle driven by a four-wheel hub motor. A braking force compensation distribution strategy for front and rear axles is proposed, which combines electronic hydraulic braking (EHB) system compensation control and deviation auxiliary control. Firstly, a fault detection module is established, and the motor’s output torque is estimated by designing a torque observer to obtain the fault degree information of the motor. Secondly, to fully use the motor’s regenerative braking force, the fault-free and faulty electro-hydraulic braking force distribution strategies are designed in the coordinated distribution layer of the electro-hydraulic braking system. The corresponding electro-hydraulic braking force compensation method is selected according to the fault degree of the regenerative braking function, the position of the faulty wheel, and the braking strength. Then, a deviation auxiliary controller is designed based on the model predictive control, and the intervention time of the auxiliary controller is determined according to the vehicle’s state. Finally, the control method is verified based on CarSim/Simulink co-simulation and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) platform. The test results show that the designed control method can effectively compensate for the regenerative braking failure of random wheel and ensure the braking safety of the vehicle.
Study on a nonlinear dynamic characteristic of the positive flow pump in its pilot hydraulic cylinder
Authors: Sun Weiqi , Sang Yong , Liao Lianjie , Jiang Luming , Li Guoshuai , Duan Fuhai
Published: August 2024

The displacement of the positive flow pump is controlled by its pilot hydraulic cylinder. The tracking performance of the pump displacement directly affects the energy saving of the hydraulic excavator through power matching. In this article, a nonlinear dynamic characteristic of the positive flow pump in its pilot hydraulic cylinder is studied to improve the mathematical model for controller design. The concept of relative water hammer is first proposed to describe the relative pressure wave acting on the hydraulic piston to illustrate the mechanism of the nonlinearity. Chaotic motion can be generated by the relative water hammer when the hydraulic piston is in a partial stroke. The mathematical model is derived and its critical parameters are analyzed. The simulation and experimental results verify the existence of the relative water hammer and the effect of each critical parameter on the pilot hydraulic cylinder and the positive flow pump.
Electricity and hydrogen fuel generation based on wind, solar energies and alkaline fuel cell: A hybrid IWGAN–AVOA approach
Authors: Subash Kumar CS , Arun Kumar U , Devi K Usha , Ramesh S
Published: August 2024

Addressing the pressing need for sustainable energy solutions, this paper proposes a novel hybrid energy system integrating wind, alkaline fuel cells and solar energies. This paper introduces a pioneering hybrid energy system designed to produce electricity and hydrogen fuel through the integration of wind, solar energies, and an alkaline fuel cell. The proposed approach, coined as IWGAN–AVOA technique, synergizes the improved Wasserstein generative adversarial network (IWGAN) and the African vultures optimization algorithm (AVOA). The primary aim is to delineate a distinctive energy cycle reliant on renewable sources, featuring a Stirling engine, electrolyzer, alkaline fuel cell, wind turbine, and solar photovoltaic system, with the objective of generating hydrogen fuel and energy. The AVOA enhances fuel cell capabilities, simulates optimal system component sizes, and rectifies erroneous configurations based on geographical specifics. By validating the efficacy of IWGAN, the study achieves optimal configurations for device capacities and enhances power flow efficiency. Comparative analyses reveals that the IWGAN–AVOA approach surpasses existing techniques, like particle swarm optimization (PSO), wild horse optimizer (WHO), and heap based optimizer (HBO), with a remarkable efficiency rate of 98%, outperforming current methods. The last figure illustrates the effectiveness comparison, showcasing efficiencies of 62%, 79%, and 85% for HBO, PSO, and WHO, respectively, against the superior 98% efficiency achieved by the IWGAN–AVOA approach, affirming its superiority in energy system optimization.
Effect of hybrid weaving patterns on mechanical performance of 3D woven structures
Authors: Mubeen Safdar Muhammad , Khan Muhammad Imran , Alsunbul Maha , Fayad Eman , Rehan Zulfiqar Ahmad , Ullah Tehseen , Fayzan Shakir HM , Umair Muhammad
Published: August 2024

Generally, 2D woven structures are used in a different high performance applications. But 2D woven natural fibers based structures have poor mechanical properties as compared to glass and other synthetic yarns. One of the possible solutions to overcome this problem is to develop 3D woven structures with natural fibers. The present work developed hemp yarn based three types of novel 3D woven structures, i.e., hybrid through the thickness (HB-1 (TT)), novel woven layer to layer structure (HB-2 (LL)), and layer to layer structure with double warp yarn (HB-3 (LL)). Furthermore to evaluate the impact of interlocking pattern on the static mechanical properties i.e., tensile, tear, puncture resistance and stiffness tests of the strucures were performed. The findings reveal variations in tensile strength among different 3D woven structures. Specifically, the 3D woven HB-3 (LL) configuration demonstrated the highest tensile strength, whereas the HB-1 (TT) structure exhibited the lowest. In the warp orientation, the tensile strength of the 3D woven HB-3 (LL) structure surpassed that of the HB-1 (TT) structure by 25.75%. Additionally, the stiffness results for the 3D woven HB-1 (TT) structure in the warp direction exceeded those of the HB-2 (LL) structure by 55.53%. Moreover, the HB-3 (LL) structure displayed superior puncture resistance compared to other 3D woven configurations. Furthermore, in the warp direction, the tear strength of the 3D woven HB-1 (TT) structure exceeded that of the HB-2 (LL) structure by 16.40%. Statistical analysis utilizing one-way ANOVA (Tukey) revealed that the influence of 3D woven hybrid structures on the outcomes of mechanical testing was statistically significant.
The legacy of Dr Marjory Warren's publications
Authors: Hogan David B.
Published: August 2024

While the contributions of Dr Marjory W. Warren to geriatric medicine are widely acknowledged, their specifics have become obscured by the passage of time. The primary objective of this narrative review of her medical publications was to clarify the contributions she made for this field of medical practice. A total of 82 publications were found. In them Warren presented a then novel and hopeful approach to the management of older patients that included making care plans derived from comprehensive assessments, implementing team-based interventions, and ensuring continuity of care. These innovations, though, took years to implement and included what would now be considered a number of paternalistic and hierarchical aspects. Objective patient outcome data was rarely presented. While responsible for innovations that remain key to the field, some of what she proposed are either no longer possible (e.g. large in-patient units with prolonged lengths of stay) or have required modifications to align with current practice.
Dr (Professor) Bishnupada Mukhopadhaya (1916–2003): A visionary surgeon and leader of Indian orthopaedics
Authors: Vaishya Raju , Mukhopadhaya John , Bhadani Janki Sharan , Vaish Abhishek
Published: August 2024

Dr (Professor) Bishnupada Mukhopadhaya's life story is a testament to his dedication, exceptional skill, and unwavering commitment to advancing the field of orthopaedics in India. His impact transcends his surgical skills. He leaves behind a legacy of excellence, not just through the numerous awards he received but through the countless lives he touched, the institutions he built, and the unwavering spirit of continuous learning he instilled in generations of orthopaedic surgeons in India. His biography highlights the key contributions across various aspects of the field, serving as a source of motivation and encouragement for all those who strive for continuous learning in the field of orthopaedics.
Digital Product Innovation Within Family Firms: A Construal Level Perspective
Authors: Capolupo Paolo , Ardito Lorenzo , Petruzzelli Antonio Messeni , Kammerlander Nadine , De Massis Alfredo
Published: August 2024

Digital product innovation (DPI) is critical for the survival of firms, especially those operating in traditional industrial-age industries. While research has started to investigate digital innovation in family firms (FFs) considering them as a monolithic group, we still lack a more nuanced perspective that considers heterogeneity among FFs with respect to DPI and what drives such variance. Drawing on construal level theory to explain the risk behavior and goal time horizon of FF owner-managers, we propose and find that the presence of later family generations in control positively influences DPI in FFs, while the presence of a family CEO is detrimental to DPI. Furthermore, we propose that these relationships are moderated by the size of the top management team (TMT), finding that a larger TMT weakens the positive relationship between later generations in control and DPI. We base our analysis on a longitudinal sample of 103 FFs in the automotive, industrial engineering, and pharmaceutical sectors observed from 2013 to 2020. This first empirical study applying construal level theory to the family business literature has important implications for the FF digital innovation literature and for FF owner-managers interested in achieving DPI.
Facial Expressions of Emotion in Children with Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Fujiki Robert Brinton , Zhao Fangyun , Niedenthal Paula M. , Thibeault Susan L.
Published: August 2024

Objective

To examine the facial movements children with cleft lip and palate (CLP) employ to express basic emotions. Ability of observers to interpret facial expressions of children with CLP was also considered.

Design

Prospective case-control design.

Setting

Outpatient craniofacial anomalies clinic.

Patients

Twenty-five children with CLP (age 8 to 12) and 25 age/sex-matched controls.

Outcome Measures

Children were video recorded making facial expressions representing anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise. Magnitude of children's facial movements was quantified and compared using OpenFace. Subsequently, emotion videos were presented to 19 adults who were asked to identify the emotion conveyed in each facial expression. Accuracy of emotion recognition was compared across groups.

Results

Compared with controls, children with CLP employed significantly ( P < .05) smaller magnitude superior and lateral perioral movements to express disgust (Cohen's d = .50), happiness (Cohen's d = 1.1), and fear (Cohen's d = .93). For disgust and sadness, children with CLP employed significantly greater magnitude movements of the nose and chin, presumably to compensate for reduced perioral range of motion. For anger, happiness, and sadness, children with CLP employed smaller magnitude movements of the upper face when compared with controls. Observers identified disgust (OR = 1.26), and fear (OR = 2.44) significantly less accurately in children with CLP when compared with controls.

Conclusions

Children with CLP employed different facial movements to express certain emotions. Observers less accurately identified some emotions conveyed by facial expressions in children with CLP when compared with controls, likely due in part to differences in facial movements. Future research should explore the implications of these differences for social communication.
Cleft Lip Repair Comparison Between Inpatient and Outpatient Surgeries: A Multi-Surgeon Experience
Authors: Howell Haven M. , Galarza Laura I. , Humphries Laura S. , Hoppe Ian C.
Published: August 2024

Objective

Great variability exists as to whether cleft lip (CL) repair is performed as an inpatient or outpatient surgery. This study's aim is to investigate the authors’ institutional experience to see if there is an increase in complications, emergency department (ED) visits, or readmissions to the hospital when performed as outpatient.

Design

This study reviewed patients who underwent CL repair between 2012 and 2023 at the authors’ institution. Data collected included patient demographics, perioperative details, ED visits and readmissions within thirty days of surgery, and complications.

Results

One hundred forty-five patients met inclusion measures. When the surgery was performed as outpatient, there was no significant difference in returning to the ED (p = 0.767) or readmission to the hospital (p = 0.447) within thirty days as compared to inpatient surgeries. Outpatients did not have more postoperative complications (p = 0.698). Bilateral cleft lips were more likely to be performed as inpatient (p = 0.001). Inpatients had a lower weight at time of repair (p = 0.033). Patients with a respiratory (p = .006), gastrointestinal (p = 0.003), or hematologic (p = 0.013) comorbidity had a higher readmission rate. Patients were more likely to be readmitted if they had a younger gestational age (p = 0.005).

Conclusion

There was no increased return to the ED or readmission for patients undergoing inpatient versus outpatient CL repair. CL repair can be performed safely in an outpatient setting with careful patient selection.
The Source of Nasal Rustle (Nasal Turbulence): An Overview of Current Evidence
Authors: Rollins Michael , Kummer Ann
Published: August 2024

Objective

Nasal rustle (also called nasal turbulence) refers to a loud distracting sound that sometimes occurs with audible nasal emission (ANE) during the production of pressure-sensitive consonants in patients with velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI). This article examines evidence for two hypotheses of causality: vibration of the soft palate ( velar flutter) and periodic motion of mucus above the velopharyngeal port ( turbulent mucus).

Conclusion

A review of the relevant literature shows inconclusive evidence to support velar flutter as a cause of nasal rustle. In contrast, clinical observations and research involving high-speed nasopharyngoscopy suggest that nasal rustle is the result of turbulent mucus above a small velopharyngeal opening. Therefore, it is our contention that a plausible explanation for nasal rustle is one of turbulent mucus and not velar flutter.
Use of Political Skills by Leaders to Establish Successful Organizational Change
Authors: Knol Wieke M. , Griep Yannick , Schleu Joyce Elena , Lemoine G. James
Published: August 2024

This study examines how leaders' political skills affect employee commitment and job ambiguity during organizational change, particularly when leader-employee interaction time is limited. We found that interpersonal influence and networking ability consistently benefit employees, regardless of how often leaders interact with them. Apparent sincerity is effective when leaders maintain regular contact, while high levels of social astuteness can backfire, causing more job ambiguity and less commitment. The research underscores the importance of these political skills in supporting employees and ensuring successful organizational change, even when leaders have limited interaction time with their employees.
Antibiotic De-Escalation Practices in the Intensive Care Unit: A Multicenter Observational Study
Authors: Patanwala Asad E , Abu Sardaneh Arwa , Alffenaar Jan-Willem C , Choo Chui Lynn , Dey Alexandra L , Duffy Eamon J , Green Sarah E , Hills Thomas E , Howle Lisa M , Joseph Jessica A , Khuon Maxkirivan C , Koppen Cassandra S , Pang Francis , Park Jung Yeun , Parlicki Mark A , Shah Isha S , Tran Kylie , Tran Priscilla , Wills Mardi A , Xu Jessica H , Youssef Marian ,   ADEPT Study Investigators and Collaborators
Published: August 2024

Background:

There is little known about antibiotic de-escalation (ADE) practices in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Objective:

The objective was to determine the proportion of patients who received ADE within 24 hours of actionable cultures and identify predictors of timely ADE.

Methods:

Multicenter cohort study in ICUs of 15 hospitals in Australia and New Zealand. Adult patients were included if they were started on broad-spectrum antibiotics within 24 hours of ICU admission. The ADE was defined as switching from a broad-spectrum agent to a narrower-spectrum agent or antibiotic cessation. The primary outcome was ADE within 24 hours of an actionable culture, where ADE was possible.

Results:

The 446 patients included in the study had a mean age of 63 ± 16 years, 60% were male, 32% were mechanically ventilated, and 19% were immunocompromised. Of these, 161 (36.1%) were not eligible for ADE and 37 (8.3%) for whom ADE within 24 hours of actionable culture could not be determined. In the remaining 248 patients, ADE occurred ≤24 hours in 60.5% (n = 150/248) after actionable cultures. In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, ADE was less likely to occur within 24 hours for patients with negative cultures (odds ratio [OR] = 0.48, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.92, P = 0.03).

Conclusion and Relevance:

Timely ADE may not occur in 40% of patients in the ICU and is less likely to occur in patients with negative cultures. Timely ADE can be improved, and patients with negative cultures should be targeted as part of antimicrobial stewardship efforts.
Trust is Contagious: Social Influences in Human-Human-AI Team
Authors: Rojas Emanuel , Li Mengyao
Published: August 2024

When working in teams, individuals’ trust can be influenced by their teammates consciously or unconsciously through social interactions, a phenomenon defined in this paper as trust contagion. We investigated the effects of trust contagion in human-human-AI teams using a 2 (AI reliability: high vs. low, within-subjects factor) x 3 (confederate trusting: high, low, neutral, between-subjects factor) mixed-subject design. A team of three, consisting of one participant, one confederate, and one AI teammate, performed a ten-round trust-based game that requires resource allocation and joint decision making with their human and AI teammates. Results showed that when teaming up with high-trusting confederate, people showed higher trust in the AI teammate and performed better in the game. These findings suggest that social influences in human-human interactions can significantly affect human-AI trust, providing important theoretical implications for integrating AI in team settings.
Advances in Predictive Biomarkers for Anti-Angiogenic Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Zhao Weixing , Jiang Jun
Published: August 2024

This study aimed to explore advances in biomarkers related to anti-angiogenic therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), thereby enhancing treatment selection, advancing personalized and precision medicine to improve treatment outcomes and patient survival rates. This article reviews key discoveries in predictive biomarkers for anti-angiogenic therapy in NSCLC in recent years, such as (1) liquid biopsy predictive biomarkers: studies have identified activated circulating endothelial cells (aCECs) via liquid biopsy as potential predictive biomarkers for the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy; (2) imaging biomarkers: advanced imaging technologies, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced integrated magnetic resonance positron emission tomography (MR-PET), are used to assess tumor angiogenesis in patients with NSCLC and evaluate the clinical efficacy of anti-angiogenic drugs; (3) genetic predictive biomarkers: research has explored polymorphisms of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 (VEGFR-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A), as well as how plasma levels of VEGF-A can predict the outcomes and prognosis of patients with non-squamous NSCLC undergoing chemotherapy combined with bevacizumab. Despite progress in identifying biomarkers related to anti-angiogenic therapy, several challenges remain, including limitations in clinical trials, heterogeneity in NSCLC, and technical hurdles. Future research will require extensive clinical validation and in-depth mechanistic studies to fully exploit the potential of these biomarkers for personalized treatment.
Family Information Management in the Context of Inherited Conditions: An Integrative Review
Authors: Abad Peter James B. , Shah Lisa L. , Daack-Hirsch Sandra
Published: August 2024

This review aimed to develop a framework to understand the process of information management in families with inherited conditions. Electronic databases were searched for relevant peer-reviewed articles. Articles were included if they were original research on families affected by any confirmed inherited condition, described how a family accesses, interprets, conveys, and/or uses information about the disease, included the recruitment of more than one family member, and used family as the unit of analysis. Data were analyzed through directed content analysis. Thirty-four articles from 27 studies were analyzed. We propose a framework for family information management consisting of the following domains: contextual influences, family information management behaviors, and family information management outcomes. This proposed framework expands the understanding of how families manage their genetic information in making health care decisions for their affected and at-risk relatives.
Comparison of Three Different Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) Criteria and Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Antithrombin Investigation in Patients with Confirmed Sepsis-Induced Coagulopathy (SIC)
Authors: Wei Qing , Wang Mengyao , Peng Xiaying , Yang Jingrong , Niu Ting
Published: August 2024

A new scoring system termed sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC) has been proposed to diagnose early sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). This study performed DIC-related analyses in patients with confirmed SIC. Data from the intensive care unit (ICU) departments of the three hospitals between 2020 and 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Finally, 125 patients with confirmed SIC were enrolled in the study. The diagnostic value of three widely used DIC criteria was assessed in patients with newly diagnosed SIC. In addition, the diagnostic and prognostic value of antithrombin (AT) was analyzed in patients with SIC. The Japanese Association for Acute Medicine DIC criteria (JAAM) exhibited the highest DIC diagnostic rate, while the mortality risk of SIC patients demonstrated a proportional increase with higher International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) and Chinese DIC scoring system (CDSS) scores. Low AT activity (<70%) in septic patients upon SIC diagnosis predicted a very high 28-day mortality rate, almost twice as high as in the normal AT activity (≥70%) group. A decreasing tendency in AT activity after clinical interventions was correlated with increased mortality. The area under the ROC curve (AU-ROC) of AT in DIC diagnosis was statistically significant when CDSS and ISTH were used as diagnostic criteria, but not JAAM. Each of the three DIC diagnostic criteria showed diagnostic and prognostic advantages for SIC. AT could be an independent prognostic indicator for SIC but demonstrated a relatively limited DIC diagnostic value. Adding AT to the SIC scoring system may increase its prognostic power.
Study on the effect of nonlinear inertia on the vibration isolation performance of quasi-zero-stiffness isolators
Authors: Wang Hanxuan , Yu Kaiping , Zhao Rui , Xu Minqiang
Published: August 2024

Typically, when subjected to excessive external force, quasi-zero-stiffness isolators with low damping will cause a sharp rightward bending of the transmissibility curve, resulting in a substantial decline in the performance of vibration isolation. The scheme with parallel tunable nonlinear inertia (PTNI) based on the triple-spring quasi-zero-stiffness (TS-QZS) isolator is designed to solve the above problems. To begin with, the kinetic equations are derived. Subsequently, the analysis of the primary response and stability involved the utilization of the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM), and the accuracy of the model was validated through numerical calculations. Finally, the impact of essential parameters is examined. The findings suggest that the QZS-PTNI isolator, without compromising the high frequency transmissibility, is capable of reducing peaks, suppressing the rightward trend of the transmissibility curve, narrowing the range of jump-up and jump-down frequency, and enhancing the vibration isolation performance.