bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Back to the Future: The Fathers Refounded and the Recovery of Early Christianity
Authors: Young Robin Darling
Published: October 2020

The Fathers Refounded, Elizabeth Clark's magnificent sequel to Founding the Fathers, describes in abundant detail how the overlapping disciplines of early church history and patristics became established in several American universities. It examines the work of three historians of early Christianity and their accomplishments and difficulties—and along the way it reminds its readers more than once that historical investigation poses a danger to the security of religious dogmatists. Take, for instance, the work of George LaPiana: As an Italian exile and historical scholar whose investigations of early Christian associations in Rome undermined the accustomed Roman Catholic story of apostolic succession and episcopal authority, his work could be ignored during his lifetime by the triumphalist representatives of seemingly unquestioned dogma. An example is the work of LaPiana's American contemporary, Monsignor Joseph (“Butch”) Fenton, writing only a few years before the Second Vatican Council would vindicate the historical approach when it endorsed patristic theology as an inspiration for aggiornamento, the “updating” of Catholic thought.
A Plot of Possibilities: Elizabeth Clark's The Fathers Refounded
Authors: Mitchell Margaret M.
Published: October 2020

Elizabeth A. Clark's immensely learned new book, The Fathers Refounded: Protestant Liberalism, Roman Catholic Modernism, and the Teaching of Ancient Christianity in Early Twentieth-Century America, which follows directly on her examination of the nineteenth century in Founding the Fathers: Early Church History and Protestant Professors in Nineteenth-Century America, is a joy to read and from which to learn about the histories of our discipline, the history of Christianity. Chiefly, the book documents, through in-depth study of three fascinating figures, the severance of the field of “church history” from “theology” and, in particular, its pivotal moments within Protestant and Catholic “modernism.”
Physician–patient shared decision making, patient satisfaction, and adoption of new health technology in China
Authors: Wei Yan , Ming Jian , Shi Lizheng , Ke Xiong , Sun Hui , Chen Yingyao
Published: October 2020

Objective

To examine the association between physician–patient treatments shared decision making (SDM), patient satisfaction, and adoption of a new health technology.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2016 to October 2016 in Fujian Province and Shanghai, in Eastern China. A total of 542 physicians and 619 patients in eleven hospitals were surveyed. Patients and their treating physicians completed self-reported questionnaires on patient–physician SDM, satisfaction with treatment decision making and adoption of a new health technology. Correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression and multivariate linear regression were performed.

Results

The majority (68.20 percent) of patients preferred SDM. Involvement of patients in SDM was positively associated with their satisfaction with treatment decision making (p < .001) and adoption of a new health technology (p < .05). Better concordance between their preference and actual SDM was positively associated with patients' adoption behavior (p < .05), but no statistically significant association was found between concordance and satisfaction.

Conclusion

SDM was the most important predictor of patients' satisfaction with decision making and adoption of a new health technology. Therefore, better communication between physicians and patients is recommended to improve their SDM, increase patient satisfaction and to assist with the adoption of new technologies. Training healthcare provider and teaching communication skills in working with patients in the initial stage of technology diffusion is required.
Idelalisib treatment prior to allogeneic stem cell transplantation for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: a report from the EBMT chronic malignancies working party
Authors: Schetelig Johannes , Chevallier Patrice , van Gelder Michel , Hoek Jennifer , Hermine Olivier , Chakraverty Ronjon , Browne Paul , Milpied Noel , Malagola Michele , Socié Gerard , Delgado Julio , Deconinck Eric , Damaj Ghandi , Maury Sebastian , Beelen Dietrich , Quoc Stéphanie Nguyen , Shankara Paneesha , Brecht Arne , Mayer Jiri , Hunault-Berger Mathilde , Bittenbring Jörg , Thieblemont Catherine , Lepretre Stéphane , Baldauf Henning , de Wreede Liesbeth C. , Tournilhac Olivier , Yakoub-Agha Ibrahim , Kröger Nicolaus , Dreger Peter
Published: October 2020

No studies have been reported so far on bridging treatment with idelalisib for patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) prior to allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT). To study potential carry-over effects of idelalisib and to assess the impact of pathway-inhibitor (PI) failure we performed a retrospective EBMT registry-based study. Patients with CLL who had a history of idelalisib treatment and received a first alloHCT between 2015 and 2017 were eligible. Data on 72 patients (median age 58 years) were analyzed. Forty percent of patients had TP53mut/del CLL and 64% had failed on at least one PI. No primary graft failure occurred. Cumulative incidences of acute GVHD °II–IV and chronic GVHD were 51% and 39%, respectively. Estimates for 2-year overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and cumulative incidences of relapse/progression (CIR) and non-relapse mortality NRM were 59%, 44%, 25%, and 31%. In univariate analysis, drug sensitivity was a strong risk factor. For patients who had failed neither PI treatment nor chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) the corresponding 2-year estimates were 73%, 65%, 15%, and 20%, respectively. In conclusion, idelalisib may be considered as an option for bridging therapy prior to alloHCT. Owing to the high risk for acute GVHD intensified clinical monitoring is warranted.
Benchmarking evolutionary tinkering underlying human–viral molecular mimicry shows multiple host pulmonary–arterial peptides mimicked by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Venkatakrishnan A. J. , Kayal Nikhil , Anand Praveen , Badley Andrew D. , Church George M. , Soundararajan Venky
Published: October 2020

The hand of molecular mimicry in shaping SARS-CoV-2 evolution and immune evasion remains to be deciphered. Here, we report 33 distinct 8-mer/9-mer peptides that are identical between SARS-CoV-2 and the human reference proteome. We benchmark this observation against other viral–human 8-mer/9-mer peptide identity, which suggests generally similar extents of molecular mimicry for SARS-CoV-2 and many other human viruses. Interestingly, 20 novel human peptides mimicked by SARS-CoV-2 have not been observed in any previous coronavirus strains (HCoV, SARS-CoV, and MERS). Furthermore, four of the human 8-mer/9-mer peptides mimicked by SARS-CoV-2 map onto HLA-B*40:01, HLA-B*40:02, and HLA-B*35:01 binding peptides from human PAM, ANXA7, PGD, and ALOX5AP proteins. This mimicry of multiple human proteins by SARS-CoV-2 is made salient by single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis that shows the targeted genes significantly expressed in human lungs and arteries; tissues implicated in COVID-19 pathogenesis. Finally, HLA-A*03 restricted 8-mer peptides are found to be shared broadly by human and coronaviridae helicases in functional hotspots, with potential implications for nucleic acid unwinding upon initial infection. This study presents the first scan of human peptide mimicry by SARS-CoV-2, and via its benchmarking against human–viral mimicry more broadly, presents a computational framework for follow-up studies to assay how evolutionary tinkering may relate to zoonosis and herd immunity.
Prenatal diagnosis of Fraser syndrome caused by novel variants of FREM2
Authors: Ikeda Shoko , Akamatsu Chika , Ijuin Akifumi , Nagashima Ami , Sasaki Megumi , Mochizuki Akihiko , Nagase Hiromi , Enomoto Yumi , Kuroda Yukiko , Kurosawa Kenji , Ishikawa Hiroshi
Published: October 2020

Fraser syndrome (FS) involves multiple malformations and has a 25% recurrence risk among siblings. However, these malformations are difficult to detect prenatally, hampering prenatal diagnosis. Here, we describe a fetus with FS diagnosed using ultrasonography. Ultrasonography revealed congenital high airway obstruction syndrome and renal agenesis. Syndactyly of both hands and cryptophthalmos were noted postnatally, and the diagnosis was confirmed by genetic analysis, which showed novel compound heterozygous variants of FREM2.
The Brazilian Initiative on Precision Medicine (BIPMed): fostering genomic data-sharing of underrepresented populations
Authors: Rocha Cristiane S. , Secolin Rodrigo , Rodrigues Maíra R. , Carvalho Benilton S. , Lopes-Cendes Iscia
Published: October 2020

The development of precision medicine strategies requires prior knowledge of the genetic background of the target population. However, despite the availability of data from admixed Americans within large reference population databases, we cannot use these data as a surrogate for that of the Brazilian population. This lack of transferability is mainly due to differences between ancestry proportions of Brazilian and other admixed American populations. To address the issue, a coalition of research centres created the Brazilian Initiative on Precision Medicine (BIPMed). In this study, we aim to characterise two datasets obtained from 358 individuals from the BIPMed using two different platforms: whole-exome sequencing (WES) and a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. We estimated allele frequencies and variant pathogenicity values from the two datasets and compared our results using the BIPMed dataset with other public databases. Here, we show that the BIPMed WES dataset contains variants not included in dbSNP, including 6480 variants that have alternative allele frequencies (AAFs) >1%. Furthermore, after merging BIPMed WES and SNP array data, we identified 809,589 variants (47.5%) not present within the 1000 Genomes dataset. Our results demonstrate that, through the incorporation of Brazilian individuals into public genomic databases, BIPMed not only was able to provide valuable knowledge needed for the implementation of precision medicine but may also enhance our understanding of human genome variability and the relationship between genetic variation and disease predisposition.
Toward improved trade-off between thermoelectric and mechanical performances in polycarbonate/single-walled carbon nanotube composite films
Authors: Zhang Yichuan , Deng Liang , Lv Haicai , Chen Guangming
Published: October 2020

Polymer thermoelectric (TE) composites have witnessed explosive developments in recent years, arising from their promising prospect for lightweight flexible electronics and capability of harvesting waste-heat. In sharp contrast with intrinsically conducting polymers (CPs), the insulating thermoplastics have seldom been employed as the matrices for flexible TE composites despite their advantages of low costs, controllable melt-flowing behaviors and excellent mechanical properties. Here, we report flexible films of polycarbonate/single-walled carbon nanotube (PC/SWCNT) composites with improved trade-off between TE and mechanical performances. The SWCNTs with 1D nanostructure were dramatically aligned by PC melt-flowing under hot-pressing in the radial direction. The composite maximum power factor reaches 4.8 ± 0.8 μW m−1 K−2 at 10 wt% SWCNTs in the aligned direction, which is higher than most previously reported thermoplastics-based TE composites at the same SWCNT loading and even comparable to some intrinsically CPs and their composites. In addition, these composites display significantly higher tensile modulus and strength than CPs and their composites. This study paves an effective way to fabricate flexible films of polymer composites with simultaneously high TE and mechanical performances via judicious alignment of SWCNTs in thermoplastic polymers.
Morphological and nanomechanical changes in tungsten in high heat flux conditions
Authors: Seo Minsuk , Echols John R. , Winfrey A. Leigh
Published: October 2020

Morphological and nanomechanical alteration of tungsten in extreme environments, like those in edge localized modes in nuclear fusion environments, up to 46.3 GWm−2 heat fluxes were experimentally simulated using electrothermal plasma. Surface and subsurface damage to the tungsten is seen mainly in the form of pore formation, cracks, and resolidified melt instabilities. Mirco voids, rosette-type microfeatures, core-shell structure, particle enrichment, and submicron channels all manifest in the damaged subsurface. The formation of voids in the subsurface was determined to originate from the ductile fracture of hot tungsten by plastic flow but not developed to cracking. The voids were preferentially settled in grain boundaries, interfaces. The directionality of elongated voids and grains is biased to the heat flow vector or plasma pathway, which is the likely consequence of the thermally driven grain growth and sliding in the high-temperature conditions. The presence of a border between the transient layer and heat-affected zone is observed and attributed to plasma shock and thermal spallation of fractural tungsten at high temperature. Plasma peening-like hardening effects in tungsten were observed in the range of 22.7–46.3 GWm−2 but least in the case of the lowest heat flux, 12.5 GWm−2.
The prototype device for non-invasive diagnosis of arteriovenous fistula condition using machine learning methods
Authors: Grochowina Marcin , Leniowska Lucyna , Gala-Błądzińska Agnieszka
Published: October 2020

Pattern recognition and automatic decision support methods provide significant advantages in the area of health protection. The aim of this work is to develop a low-cost tool for monitoring arteriovenous fistula (AVF) with the use of phono-angiography method. This article presents a developed and diagnostic device that implements classification algorithms to identify 38 patients with end stage renal disease, chronically hemodialysed using an AVF, at risk of vascular access stenosis. We report on the design, fabrication, and preliminary testing of a prototype device for non-invasive diagnosis which is very important for hemodialysed patients. The system includes three sub-modules: AVF signal acquisition, information processing and classification and a unit for presenting results. This is a non-invasive and inexpensive procedure for evaluating the sound pattern of bruit produced by AVF. With a special kind of head which has a greater sensitivity than conventional stethoscope, a sound signal from fistula was recorded. The proces of signal acquisition was performed by a dedicated software, written specifically for the purpose of our study. From the obtained phono-angiogram, 23 features were isolated for vectors used in a decision-making algorithm, including 6 features based on the waveform of time domain, and 17 features based on the frequency spectrum. Final definition of the feature vector composition was obtained by using several selection methods: the feature-class correlation, forward search, Principal Component Analysis and Joined-Pairs method. The supervised machine learning technique was then applied to develop the best classification model.
A confocal Raman microscopic visualization of small penetrants in cellulose acetate using a deuterium-labeling technique
Authors: Kubota Hiroyuki , Sakamoto Koji , Matsui Toshiro
Published: October 2020

The purpose of the present study was to visualize the sorption dynamics of small compounds, such as propylene glycol (PG) in cellulose acetate (CA) film, by deuterium (d) labeling-aided confocal Raman spectroscopy (CRM). Substitution of hydrogen atoms in the target molecule with deuterium caused a marked shift of C-H bond-related Raman bands to low wavenumbers, while the number of deuterium did not affect the magnitude of the shift. Raman bands derived from the stretching vibration of C–H near 2900 cm−1for PG and ethanol were shifted to approximately 2100 cm−1for PG-d6 and ethanol-d5 in the silent region of the CA Raman spectrum. When PG-d6 was dissolved in glycerol triacetate (GTA), the observed Raman intensity ratio at 2123 cm−1of PG-d6 against 1739 cm−1of GTA (C=O bond-related) showed a linear relationship between the molar and intensity ratios, indicating that the observed Raman intensity can be used for quantitative assay of the target in polymer film. The depth profiling experiments by CRM revealed that the distribution (or sorption) of PG-d6 in CA film was successfully visualized as a function of Raman band at the characteristic 2123 cm−1intensity ratio.
Visible light mediated photocatalytic [2 + 2] cycloaddition/ring-opening rearomatization cascade of electron-deficient azaarenes and vinylarenes
Authors: Salaverri Noelia , Mas-Ballesté Rubén , Marzo Leyre , Alemán José
Published: October 2020

The broad presence of azaarene moieties in natural products has promoted the development of new functionalization reactions, giving access to larger libraries of bioactive compounds. The light promoted [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction to generate cyclobutanes has been extensively studied in photochemistry. In particular, De Mayo reported the [2 + 2] cycloaddition followed by retroaldol condensation between enols of 1,3-dicarbonyls and double bonds to synthesize 1,5-dicarbonyls. Herein, we describe the [2 + 2] photocycloaddition followed by a ring-opening rearomatization reaction between electron-deficient 2-methylene-azaarenes and double bonds, taking advantage of the ability of these heterocyclic derivatives to form the corresponding pseudo-enamine intermediate. The procedure shows a high functional group tolerance either on the double bond or the heteroarene side and allows the presence of different electron-withdrawing groups. In addition, the wide applicability of this reaction has been demonstrated through the late-stage derivatization of several natural products. Photochemical studies, together with theoretical calculations, support a mechanism involving the photosensitization of the pseudo-enamine intermediate.
Microfluidic device for multiplexed detection of fungal infection biomarkers in grape cultivars
Authors: Brás Eduardo J. S. , Fortes Ana Margarida , Esteves Teresa , Chu Virginia , Fernandes Pedro , Conde João Pedro
Published: October 2020

A microfluidic based, multiplexed biosensor, for the detection of azelaic, salicylic and jasmonic acid is presented, which may be used to monitor plant health at the point of need.
Heparin sensing based on multisite-binding induced highly ordered perylene nanoaggregates
Authors: Aryal Gyan H. , Rana Ganesh R. , Guo Fei , Hunter Kenneth W. , Huang Liming
Published: October 2020

Heparin sensing based on highly ordered perylene nanoaggregates with ultra-low fluorescence and the use of host–guest complexes to improve the sensitivity.
Novel highly substituted thiophene-based n-type organic semiconductor: structural study, optical anisotropy and molecular control
Authors: Hagara Jakub , Mrkyvkova Nada , Feriancová Lucia , Putala Martin , Nádaždy Peter , Hodas Martin , Shaji Ashin , Nádaždy Vojtech , Huss-Hansen Mathias K. , Knaapila Matti , Hagenlocher Jan , Russegger Nadine , Zwadlo Matthias , Merten Lena , Sojková Michaela , Hulman Martin , Vlad Alina , Pandit Pallavi , Roth Stephan , Jergel Matej , Majková Eva , Hinderhofer Alexander , Siffalovic Peter , Schreiber Frank
Published: October 2020

Oligothiophenes and their functionalized derivatives have been shown to be a viable option for high-performance organic electronic devices.
Study of interactions between Brønsted acids and triethylphosphine oxide in solution by 31P NMR: evidence for 2 : 1 species
Authors: Pires Elisabet , Fraile José M.
Published: October 2020

31P chemical shift of TEPO–acid 1 : 1 species correlates with pKa. The evolution at higher molar ratios indicate a second TEPO–acid interaction.
Revitalising sodium–sulfur batteries for non-high-temperature operation: a crucial review
Authors: Wang Yizhou , Zhou Dong , Palomares Veronica , Shanmukaraj Devaraj , Sun Bing , Tang Xiao , Wang Chunsheng , Armand Michel , Rojo Teófilo , Wang Guoxiu
Published: October 2020

We review the working mechanisms, opportunity and challenges of intermediate-temperature and room-temperature sodium–sulfur batteries for low-cost energy storage.
Construction of noble-metal alloys of cobalt confined N-doped carbon polyhedra toward efficient water splitting
Authors: Sarkar Bidushi , Das Debanjan , Nanda Karuna Kar
Published: October 2020

A ZIF-67 templated strategy is introduced to synthesize a series of alloys of cobalt (M–Co, M = Pt, Ru, Pd) by one-step pyrolysis.
Rediscovering aminal chemistry: copper(ii) catalysed formation under mild conditions
Authors: Pereira Juliana G. , António João P. M. , Mendonça Ricardo , Gomes Rafael F. A. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: October 2020

Aminals are an interesting moiety limited by the harsh conditions preceding their preparation. Herein is described a novel procedure for the preparation of aminals under mild conditions and explore their stability and applications.
A new approach towards simultaneous extraction of individual analytes based on the simultaneous application of multiple magnetic sorbents
Authors: Fattahi Bafghi Mohammad Reza , Dadfarnia Shayessteh , Haji Shabani Ali Mohammad , Kazemi Elahe , Nozohour Yazdi Mahnaz
Published: October 2020

This paper reports a new approach for the simultaneous extraction of individual analytes based on the simultaneous application of multiple magnetic sorbents using a simple automated system.
Enhanced d–d transitions in HKUST/Bi2WO6 nanocomposite mediated visible-light driven selective conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde
Authors: Haroon Haamid , Majid Kowsar
Published: October 2020

Graphical representation of the involvement of the d–d transition in the photocatalytic conversion of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde.
Unravelling the efficient catalytic performance of ozone decomposition over nitrogen-doped manganese oxide catalysts under high humidity
Authors: Fang Chentao , Hu Caihong , Li Dandan , Chen Jian , Luo Mengfei
Published: October 2020

Nitrogen-doped Mn species, coated with a carbon layer of several nanometers in thickness, for enhanced water vapor resistance.
Globally convergent leaderless formation control for unicycle‐type mobile robots
Authors: He Xiaodong , Geng Zhiyong
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the leaderless formation control problem for unicycle‐type mobile robots and designs a formation controller for a two‐robot system. The proposed control law is globally effective, namely making mobile robots converge to the formation from all kinds of initial conditions. The kinematic model of mobile robots is directly established on the special Euclidean group, and the mobile robot is merely required to obtain the relative configuration (i.e. position and orientation) in its own body‐fixed frame. The approach for the formation problem is to design a virtual system for each mobile robot, which contains the desired formation pattern, so that the formation problem for mobile robots is converted into the consensus problem for virtual systems. Furthermore, the non‐holonomic constraint for the virtual systems is derived for the first time, which is explained from the viewpoint of geometric control. In addition, the authors clarify the physical meaning of the multiple control gains, which can guarantee excellent robot behaviour by appropriate selection.
Transit timing variation signature of planet migration: the case of K2-24
Authors: Teyssandier Jean , Libert Anne-Sophie
Published: October 2020

The convergent migration of two planets in a gaseous disc can lead to mean motion resonance (MMR) capture. In addition, pairs of planets in or near MMRs are known to produce strong transit timing variations (TTVs). In this paper, we study the impact of disc-induced migrations on the TTV signal of pairs of planets that enter a resonant configuration. We show that disc-induced migration creates a correlation between the amplitude and the period of the TTVs. We study the case of K2-24, a system of two planets whose period ratio indicates that they are in or near the 2:1 MMR, with non-zero eccentricities and large-amplitude TTVs. We show that a simple disc-induced migration cannot reproduce the observed TTVs. Moreover, we propose a formation scenario in which the capture in resonance during migration in a disc with strong eccentricity damping is followed by eccentricity excitation during the dispersal of the disc. This is assisted by a third planet whose presence has been suggested by radial velocity observations. This scenario accounts for the eccentricities of the two planets and their period ratio, and it accurately reproduces the amplitude and period of the TTVs. It allows for a unified view of the formation and evolution history of K2-24, from disc-induced migration to its currently observed properties.
Les apports d’une dynamique de réseau pour la communauté des Maîtres d’ouvrage gestionnaires d’infrastructures soumises au risque rocheux
Authors: Peisser Carine , Berenger Nathalie , Belut Florence , Lescurier Anne , Le Bidan Valentin , Ruiz Anne-Gaelle , Genois Jean-Luc , Malascrabes Marie , Divoux Patrick , Huteau Magali
Published: October 2020

Cet article présente la dynamique de réseau amorcée et renforcée au cours du Projet National C2ROP entre les Maîtres d’ouvrage (MOA) gestionnaires d’infrastructures soumises au risque rocheux. Les « Rencontres MOA Risque Rocheux » sont des rencontres techniques régulières de la communauté « Risque rocheux », occasions privilégiées pour les Maîtres d’ouvrage concernés, d’une part d’apprendre à se connaître et de partager des expériences et des outils spécifiques, d’autre part de discuter collectivement de problèmes rencontrés, de manques spécifiques identifiés, pour faire évoluer les pratiques. Les échanges générés autour de thématiques identifiées, choisies et discutées collectivement apportent nombre de réponses directes aux préoccupations quotidiennes des MOA. Outre cette richesse intrinsèque aux échanges, la dynamique de réseau a contribué à l’élaboration concertée de cinq documents communs de référence, qui se veulent des « outils-métier » au bénéfice de la communauté : deux cahiers des charges types, i) l’un pour les études d’aléa éboulement rocheux, ii) l’autre pour les travaux de protection contre les chutes de blocs, iii) un guide technique sur les ouvrages de protection, incluant les notions de coût et de maintenance, iv) un outil de formalisation et capitalisation des retours d’expérience et v) des recommandations sur la prise en compte des risques rocheux par les MOA gestionnaires d’infrastructures.
Apports de la dendrogéomorphologie pour la connaissance de l’évolution de l’aléa rocheux dans les Préalpes françaises calcaires
Authors: Mainieri Robin , Corona Christophe , Eckert Nicolas , Lopez-Saez Jérôme , Bourrier Franck
Published: October 2020

Depuis deux décennies, de nombreuses publications scientifiques ont mis en évidence les impacts du changement climatique sur la fréquence des chutes de pierres dans les parois englacées de haute altitude. À plus basse altitude, les inventaires rares et incomplets existants n’ont pas permis d’identifier un impact significatif de l’augmentation des températures. Dans ce travail, nous avons utilisé une approche dendrogéomorphologique, basée sur l’étude des perturbations dans les cernes de croissance des arbres, pour reconstituer l’activité passée des chutes de pierres sur deux versants forestiers des Préalpes françaises calcaires (massifs du Vercors et du Diois). Les incertitudes liées à la diminution du nombre d’arbres dans le temps ont été précisément quantifiées grâce à un inventaire forestier exhaustif et à une cartographie à haute résolution du peuplement forestier. En accord avec la littérature, la comparaison des reconstitutions dendrogéomorphologiques avec les réanalyses météorologiques SAFRAN montre que les précipitations estivales et les évènements pluvieux intenses sont les principaux facteurs qui conditionnent l’activité de l’aléa sur les deux sites. En revanche, aucun impact significatif des températures ou des cycles de gel–dégel n’a pu être détecté. À l’échelle décennale (60 dernières années), nous expliquons l’augmentation apparente de l’activité des chutes de pierres depuis 1959 dans le Vercors par la recolonisation forestière rapide de la parcelle étudiée au cours des dernières décennies et par une sur-représentation des jeunes arbres, plus sensibles aux impacts. Dans le massif du Diois, l’absence de tendance dans la reconstitution dendrogéomorphologique au cours des dernières décennies suggère que le réchauffement climatique n’a pas eu d’impact sur la fréquence de l’aléa à basse altitude. Cependant, le nombre réduit de sites et la robustesse limitée des analyses statistiques développées suggèrent que ces résultats doivent être interprétés avec prudence et devront nécessairement être répliqués dans le futur afin de conclure définitivement quant à l’absence de réponse au réchauffement de l’aléa rocheux dans les zones de basse altitude des préalpes calcaires.
Elevated Circulating LINC-P21 Serves as a Diagnostic Biomarker of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Regulates Pancreatic β-cell Function by Sponging miR-766-3p to Upregulate NR3C2
Authors: Cao Zhibin , Yao Fuwang , Lang Yuqin , Feng Xueqiang
Published: October 2020

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical value and biological function of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC-P21 in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and explore the underlying mechanisms.

Methods The expression of LINC-P21 was estimated using quantitative real-time PCR. The functional role of LINC-P21 was explored by gain- and loss-of-function experiments. INS-1 cell proliferation was analyzed using a cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8)assay, and the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion was measured using an ELISA kit. The miRNAs that might be sponged by LINC-P21 were analyzed, and the subsequent target genes were predicted and assessed in INS-1 cells.

Results Serum expression of LINC-P21 was elevated in T2DM patients, which was correlated with fasting blood glucose levels and disease diagnosis. The glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and the proliferation of INS-1 cells were enhanced by LINC-P21 knockdown, but the overexpression of LINC-P21 led to opposite effects. miR-766-3p could be directly inhibited by LINC-P21 in INS-1 cells and reverse the effects of LINC-P21 on β-cell function. Additionally, NR3C2 was determined as a target of miR-766-3p, which could be positively regulated by LINC-P21 and had same effects with LINC-P21 on INS-1 cell proliferation and insulin secretion.

Conclusion All the data demonstrated that serum elevated LINC-P21 and decreased miR-766-3p serve as candidate diagnostic biomarkers in T2DM patients. LINC-P21 acts as a potential regulator in insulin secretion and proliferation of pancreatic β-cells through targeting miR-766-3p to upregulate NR3C2.
Avaliação da concordância interobservador das classificações de Fraser e Blake & McBryde para joelho flutuante
Authors: Alencar Neto Jonatas Brito , Osório Neto Ernane Bruno , Souza Clodoaldo José Duarte de , da Rocha Pedro Henrique Messias , Cavalcante Maria Luzete Costa , Lopes Márcio Bezerra Gadelha
Published: October 2020

Objetivo Avaliar a concordância interobservador de duas classificações para joelho flutuante: Fraser e Blake & Mcbryde.

Método Trinta e dois observadores, subdivididos de acordo com o grau de titulação (26 médicos residentes e seis médicos ortopedistas especialistas em trauma ortopédico) classificaram 15 fraturas de fêmur e tíbia ipsilaterais. A concordância interobservador foi avaliada pelo coeficiente Kappa.

Resultado Ao avaliar a concordância entre os 9 R1, obteve-se índice Kappa para classificação de Fraser de 0,58 e para a classificação de Blake & McBryde de 0,46. Entre os 7 R2, obteve-se índice de 0,59 para a classificação de Fraser e 0,51 para a classificação de Blake & McBryde. Entre os 10 R3, o índice de concordância foi maior para as duas classificações: 0,72 para a classificação de Fraser e 0,71 para a de Blake & McBryde. Considerando os 3 grupos (R1, R2, R3) como um só grande grupo, calculou-se o índice Kappa geral, que teve como resultado 0,63 para a classificação de Fraser e 0,56 para a classificação de Blake & McBryde. No grupo dos traumato-ortopedistas especialistas em joelho, por sua vez, obteve-se uma concordância para a classificação de Blake e McBryde de 0,597 e para a de Fraser de 0,843.

Conclusão Comparativamente, as duas classificações apresentaram grau de concordância fraco a moderado. A classificação de Fraser teve melhor concordância em ambos os grupos. A concordância foi maior quando se avaliou médicos ortopedistas especialistas em trauma ortopédico.
Fractura del tubérculo medial de la apófisis posterior del astrágalo
Authors: García-Ortiz María Tíscar , Moril-Peñalver Lorena , Sevilla-Monllor Alexandra , Fernández-Ruiz María Dolores , Menchi-Elanzi Issam , López-Prats Fernando
Published: October 2020

Objetivo Mostrar una fractura infrecuente del tubérculo posteromedial del astrágalo diagnosticado y tratado de manera aguda mediante osteosíntesis con tornillo Acutrak® (2014 Acumed® LLC).

Material y Métodos Varón de 28 años, que acude a Urgencias tras torcedura de tobillo con dolor al mover tobillo y hallux y tumefacción en cara interna. En Urgencias pasó desapercibida. En consulta a la semana refería sensación de que se le engancha el primer dedo con la flexoextensión. Se observa fractura del tubérculo medial de la apófisis posterior del astrágalo con desplazamiento >3mm y clínica de posible interposición del flexor hallucis longus. Se decidió tratamiento quirúrgico con tornillo Acutrak®. Se inmovilizó con férula 3 semanas y descarga 6 semanas.

Resultados A los 8 meses balance articular completo, sin dolor ni limitación para las ABVD y sin clínica de atrapamiento del flexor del hallux. Como complicación aguda, se verificó infección de herida quirúrgica que se trató con antibióticos.

Discusión Ese tipo de fracturas son infrecuentes. El mecanismo lesional suele ser dorsiflexión-pronación. Es importante un diagnóstico temprano y para ello es necesario una alta sospecha diagnóstica. Para su diagnóstico, son necesarias radiografías anteroposterior y lateral y si no se visualiza la lesión, proyección oblicua con 30°- 40° de rotación externa. En casos agudos resulta de utilidad la TAC y en casos crónicos la RM.

Conclusión Aunque generalmente el tratamiento es conservador, en ocasiones puede ser necesario la cirugía mediante osteosíntesis o exéresis del fragmento cuando la fractura provoca impingement.
Investigation of wakes generated by fractal plates in the compressible flow regime using large-eddy simulations
Authors: Es-Sahli Omar , Sescu Adrian , Afsar Mohammed Z. , Buxton Oliver R. H.
Published: October 2020

We investigate flows interacting with square and fractal shape multi-scale structures in the compressible regime for Mach numbers under subsonic and supersonic upstream conditions using large-eddy simulations. We also aim at identifying similarities and differences that these interactions have with the corresponding interactions in the canonical incompressible flow problem. To account for the geometrical complexity associated with the fractal structures, we apply an immersed boundary method to model the no-slip boundary condition at the solid surfaces, with adequate mesh resolution in the vicinity of the small fractal features. We validate the numerical results through extensive comparisons with experimental wind tunnel measurements at a low Mach number. Similar to the incompressible flow case results, we find a breakup of the flow structures by the fractal plate and an increase in turbulent mixing in the downstream direction. As the Mach number increases, we observe noticeable wake meandering and higher spread rate of the wake in the lateral direction perpendicular to the streamwise–spanwise plane. Although not significant, we quantify the difference between the square and the fractal plates using two-point velocity correlations across the Mach number range. The wakes generated by the fractal plate in the compressible regime showed lower turbulent kinetic energy and energy spectra levels compared to those of the square case. Moreover, results in terms of the near-field pressure spectra seem to indicate that the fractal plate has the potential to reduce the aerodynamic noise.
Polarization-induced anisotropic damping in Co/[Pb (Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7–[PbTiO3]0.3 (011) heterostructure
Authors: Wang Fenglong , Wang Zhen , Xu Chunlong , Zhao Xiaogang , Hou Zhaoyang
Published: October 2020

This study investigates the magnetic dynamics of a ferroelectric/ferromagnetic heterostructure mediated by a charge/strain-induced magnetoelectric interaction that exhibits a pronounced dynamic magnetic response to an electric field. In the experimental process, the epitaxial strain gave rise to electrically tunable uniaxial magnetic anisotropy, and spin accumulation at the interface led to large anisotropic damping with a C2υ symmetry. The results show the significant potential for applications of composite multiferroics and provide a feasible approach for high-performance devices that rely on electrically controlled magnetism.
Study on micromagnets induced local wavy mixing in a microfluidic channel
Authors: Zhou Ran , Surendran Athira N.
Published: October 2020

The phenomenon of ferrofluid-water mixing is investigated using a double-layer magnetic micromixer, in which a layer of micromagnet bars is placed immediately below the fluid layer. A wavy pattern of the ferrofluid–water interface is surprisingly observed at each micromagnet responsible for improved mixing. The mechanism causing the wavy mixing is discovered and analyzed through experimental measurements and numerical simulations, and the mixing efficiency under different flow conditions is discussed. For flows with Re ≪ 1, the resultant steep gradient of opposing magnetic forces by micromagnets in the ferrofluid region gives rise to a local pressure source that induces a transverse/spanwise pressure gradient and activates momentum transfer between fluids. The current finding enables effective localized mixing of ferrofluids with a small footprint and, thus, has great potential to achieve fast mixing for high-throughput flows with an integrated parallel system of multiple microfluidic channels and micromagnets.
Prediction of plateau and peak of pressure in a compression ramp flow with large separation
Authors: Hu Yan-Chao , Zhou Wen-Feng , Yang Yan-Guang , Tang Zhi-Gong
Published: October 2020

Based on the Helmholtz–Rayleigh minimal dissipation theorem, a theoretical model is proposed to predict both the plateau and peak of pressure in a compression ramp flow with large separation (CRFLS). Since the total dissipation of CRFLS is mainly contributed by the shock waves, the steady flow pattern can be determined by minimizing the shock dissipation among all the possible configurations. The predictions agree well with both experimental data and numerical simulations, covering a wide range of free-stream Mach number and ramp angle. This method could be applied to other flow systems where the dissipation is dominated by shock waves.
Reduction of charge noise in shallow GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures with insulated gates
Authors: Liang S. , Nakamura J. , Gardner G. C. , Manfra M. J.
Published: October 2020

We study low-frequency charge noise in shallow GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures using quantum point contacts as charge sensors. We observe that devices with an Al2O3 dielectric between the metal gates and semiconductor exhibit significantly lower charge noise than devices with only Schottky gates and no dielectric. Additionally, the devices with Schottky gates exhibit drift over time toward lower conductance, while the devices with the dielectric drift toward higher conductance. Temperature-dependent measurements suggest that in devices with Schottky gates, noise is dominated by tunneling from the gates to trap sites in the semiconductor, and when this mechanism is suppressed by inclusion of a dielectric, thermally activated hopping between trap sites becomes the dominant source of noise.
Electrode materials based on complex d-metal oxides for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells
Authors: Istomin Sergey Ya. , Lyskov Nikolay V. , Mazo Galina N. , Antipov Evgeny V.
Published: October 2020

The review addresses and highlights the main results of research on the physicohemical properties of single-phase and composite materials based on transition metal oxides in relation to their practical application as electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells. The electronic structures and thermodynamic stability of transition metal oxides with the perovskite structure are discussed. A detailed consideration is given to the thermal behaviour, chemical stability, electrical conductivity and electrochemical properties of a broad range of electrode materials based on iron-, chromium- and manganese-containing perovskite-like oxides and oxides that crystallize in other structure types. The analysis revealed the most promising compositions of electrode materials for symmetrical solid oxide fuel cells and effective approaches to the improvement of their functional characteristics.

The bibliography includes 202 references.
Strawberry species.
Authors: Hancock James F.
Published: October 2020

This chapter provides an introduction to strawberry species, inheritance of gender in strawberries, morphological characteristics and geographical distribution of various strawberry species and evolutionary relationships of these strawberry species.
Fruit development and postharvest physiology.
Authors: Hancock James F.
Published: October 2020

This chapter focuses on the fruiting and postharvest physiology of strawberries and includes a new section on strawberry nutrition. Information is provided on the nutritional benefits, physiological and environmental factors influencing fruit growth, fruit ripening, components of flavour and aroma, handling and storage of fresh fruit, handling of processed fruit, and genetic regulation of fruit development.
Breeding and genetics.
Authors: Hancock James F.
Published: October 2020

This chapter provides information on the methods most commonly used in strawberry improvement, together with the genetics of the most important horticultural traits. Germplasm resources are reviewed in light of varietal improvement and the use of marker-assisted selection and genetic engineering in strawberry breeding are discussed.
Strain relaxation dynamics of multiferroic orthorhombic manganites
Authors: Carpenter M A , Pesquera D , O’Flynn D , Balakrishnan G , Mufti N , Nugroho A A , Palstra T T M , Mihalik M , Mihalik M , Zentková M , Almeida A , Moreira J Agostinho , Vilarinho R , Meier D
Published: October 2020

Resonant ultrasound spectroscopy has been used to characterise strain coupling and relaxation behavior associated with magnetic/magnetoelectric phase transitions in GdMnO3, TbMnO3 and TbMn0.98Fe0.02O3 through their influence on elastic/anelastic properties. Acoustic attenuation ahead of the paramagnetic to colinear-sinusoidal incommensurate antiferromagnetic transition at ∼41 K correlates with anomalies in dielectric properties and is interpreted in terms of Debye-like freezing processes. A loss peak at ∼150 K is related to a steep increase in electrical conductivity with a polaron mechanism. The activation energy, E
a, of ≳0.04 eV from a loss peak at ∼80 K is consistent with the existence of a well-defined temperature interval in which the paramagnetic structure is stabilised by local, dynamic correlations of electric and magnetic polarisation that couple with strain and have relaxation times in the vicinity of ∼10−6 s. Comparison with previously published data for Sm0.6Y0.4MnO3 confirms that this pattern may be typical for multiferroic orthorhombic RMnO3 perovskites (R = Gd, Tb, Dy). A frequency-dependent loss peak near 10 K observed for TbMnO3 and TbMn0.98Fe0.02O3, but not for GdMnO3, yielded E
a ⩾ ∼0.002 eV and is interpreted as freezing of some magnetoelastic component of the cycloid structure. Small anomalies in elastic properties associated with the incommensurate and cycloidal magnetic transitions confirm results from thermal expansion data that the magnetic order parameters have weak but significant coupling with strain. Even at strain magnitudes of ∼0.1–1‰, polaron-like strain effects are clearly important in defining the development and evolution of magnetoelectric properties in these materials. Strains associated with the cubic–orthorhombic transition due to the combined Jahn–Teller/octahedral tilting transition in the vicinity of 1500 K are 2–3 orders of magnitude greater. It is inevitable that ferroelastic twin walls due to this transition would have significantly different magnetoelectric properties from homogeneous domains due to magnetoelastic coupling with steep strain gradients.
Rescaling the complex network of low-temperature plasma chemistry through graph-theoretical analysis
Authors: Murakami Tomoyuki , Sakai Osamu
Published: October 2020

We propose graph-theoretical analysis for extracting inherent information from complex plasma chemistry and devise a systematic way to rescale the network under the following key criteria: (1) maintain the scale-freeness and self-similarity in the network topology and (2) select the primary species considering its topological centrality. Network analysis of reaction sets clarifies that the scale-freeness emerging from a weak preferential mechanism reflects the uniqueness of plasma-induced chemistry. The effect of chemistry rescaling on the dynamics and chemistry of the He + O2 plasma is quantified through numerical simulations. The present chemical compression dramatically reduces the computational load, whereas the concentration profiles of reactive oxygen species (ROS) remain largely unchanged across a broad range of time, space and oxygen admixture fraction. The proposed analytical approach enables us to exploit the full potential of expansive chemical reaction data and would serve as a guideline for creating chemical reaction models.
Dependence of phantom current in a metal vapor laser on electrode geometry
Authors: Singh Dheeraj K , Dikshit B , Vijayan R , Nayak A , Mishra S K , Mukherjee Jaya , Rawat V S
Published: October 2020

It is observed that the discharge current in a copper vapor laser rises prior to the voltage breakdown. This current, which appears almost 50 ns before the discharge breakdown and is equivalent to almost 70% of the peak current at the time of breakdown, is termed the phantom current. It is reported that by reducing the residual electron density (phantom current) in a metal vapor laser (MVL), its performance can be significantly improved. Metallic pins are used in the electrode to facilitate discharge in the long discharge tube. Besides augmenting the discharge during the initial stage, it has a significant impact on the laser performance. In this paper, we find out the correlation between the phantom current and the electrode pin geometry and then present the optimum electrode geometry for improved laser performance. It was observed that the number of pins in the electrode affects the localized electric field in the nearby region and plays a dominant role in the quantum of the phantom current in the discharge tube of the laser. The MVL system was tested with electrodes that had a different number of pins (zero, eight and 36) and it was found that the phantom current is minimum when the electrode has zero pins and highest with an eight-pin electrode.