bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEEDING PEACEFUL PREACHING IN THE DIGITAL UNIVERSE: MEDIATIZATION OF PREACHING HUSEIN JA'FAR AL-HADAR ON INSTAGRAM
Authors: Qurrota A'yuni  , Nasrullah Rulli
Published: February 2023

Social media has an essential role in spreading and transforming Islamic preaching in Indonesia. Through the utilization of various features on Instagram, this article focuses on Husein Ja'far al-Hadar's (HJA) efforts to spread peaceful Islamic preaching in the digital universe for urban millennials. This paper analyzes forms of mediatization in oral, text and visual, both content or captions, that affect HJA's engagement with its followers. This research is qualitative research with a virtual ethnographic approach. Data collection is done through interviews, observation and documentation. This study concludes that HJA's da'wa becomes interesting, light, relaxed and entertaining because it adapts to popular culture and follows social media trends. His simple and concise preaching narrative makes HJA preaching easy to accept and becomes a reference in answering contemporary religious problems. His tolerant preaching contains love, mutual respect, and inclusiveness that answer the unrest of communities wanting to know more about Islam. Changes in his innovative forms of proselytizing and adaptive to Instagram's needs make HJA a role model and figure of a young preacher whose competence is considered.
Knowledge and attitude factors influencing primary care clinicians’ diagnosis, treatment, and management of urinary tract infections in England: A qualitative ‘think-aloud’ study
Authors: Mwape Angela Kabulo , Schmidtke Kelly Ann , Brown Celia
Published: February 2023

Objectives: To identify knowledge and attitude factors
influencing primary care clinician decision-making in diagnosing,
managing, and treating urinary tract infections. Design: A
qualitative think-aloud study. Methods: Semi-structured
qualitative interviews were conducted with primary care clinicians in
England over Microsoft Teams. Interviews were transcribed and coded in
two ways. First, clinicians’ responses for each scenario were coded as
either following (optimal) or not following (suboptimal) evidence-based
national guidelines. Second, the knowledge and attitude factors that
influenced decision-making were coded according to an
empirically-informed umbrella framework. Clinicians external to the
study team reviewed the findings to promote their trustworthiness and
utility. Setting: English primary care clinicians with the
right to prescribe medications in England. Sample: Ten clinicians with
prescribing rights in primary care took part. Results: Despite
clinicians’ expressing high awareness of relevant evidence-based
guidelines (a knowledge factor) and high confidence (an attitude
factor), more than half of their decisions were suboptimal in some way.
Our framework analysis suggests that knowledge could impede adherence,
e.g., where local guidelines conflicted with national guidelines.
Conclusions: Suboptimal prescribing decisions could result from
a combination of different knowledge and attitude factors. Most
clinicians relied on their experiential knowledge rather than using
evidence-based guidelines. To optimise antibiotic prescribing,
policy-level interventions could increase concordance across local and
national guidelines, or more tailored individual-level interventions
could help clinicians recognize where their experiential knowledge
causes deviations from evidence-based guidelines when diagnosing,
treating, and managing urinary tract infections.
Clinical and Genetic Characteristics of Children with Cystic Fibrosis in Henan China
Authors: Xu Chunna , Tang Yu , Dong Lili , Shen Yuelin
Published: February 2023

Background: Despite the growing awareness of Cystic Fibrosis (CF) in
China, few cases have been reported in Henan, which is the most populous
province in the country. This study aimed to describe the clinical
phenotype and genotype of children with CF in Henan. Methods: We
recruited 14 Chinese children with CF who presented to Children’s
Hospital affiliated to Zhengzhou University from January 2019 to January
2023. The demographic data, imaging examinations, and laboratory tests
of the patients were reviewed to clarify the clinical phenotype. Whole
exome sequencing was conducted to identify the genotype. Results:
Respiratory diseases were the main clinical manifestation, including
recurrent/persistent pneumonia (85.7%), sinusitis (71.4%),
bronchiectasis (71.4%). CF-related liver disease (CFLD) and pancreatic
insufficiency (PI) were less common (21.4% each). Infant cases had high
frequency of pseudo-Bartter Syndrome (80.0%). Chest computed tomography
showed bronchiectasis in older children and air trapping in infant
cases. The most common pathogens in the airway were Pseudomonas
aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus (71.4% respectively). Twenty-four
different CFTR gene variants were detected, including four novel
observations (c.869+3A>T,
c.1064C>G[p.Pro355Arg], c.1209+1G>C and
c.1925C>G [p.Ser642X]). The most common variant was
c.2909G>A (p.Gly970Asp), with a detected rate of 16.7%.
Conclusion: Children with CF in Henan had varied clinical phenotypes by
age, with respiratory disease being predominant. The most frequent CFTR
gene variant was c.2909G>A(p.Gly970Asp). This study is the
first and most comprehensive one on the clinical phenotype and genotype
of children with CF in Henan, China. We also reported the first CF case
of M. abscessus infection in China.
Perioperative pain management protocols of veterinarians in the United States for horses undergoing routine orchiectomy (castration)
Authors: Sellon D , Sanz Macarena , Kopper Jamie
Published: February 2023

Background: Analgesic protocols related to orchiectomy or castration of
young horses vary widely depending on geographic location, educational
background of the veterinarian, and other demographic factors. Specific
practices of equine veterinarians in the United States (US) have not
been reported. Objectives: To determine perioperative pain management
practices of equine veterinarians in the US as they relate to castration
of young male horses. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey Methods: An
internet-based questionnaire included items related to analgesic drugs
used in association with castration of healthy yearling colts.
Demographic and educational factors associated with routine
recommendation of analgesic medications after castration were analyzed
using logistic regression. Results: Responses from 146 equine
veterinarians in the US revealed that 112/146 (76.7%) administered a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) at the time of castration.
Routine recommendation of post-castration analgesia was associated with
veterinarians who were employed in a multi-veterinarian practice,
completed their veterinary education after 2000, and provided a higher
pain severity score for horses at 24 hours after a routine castration.
Main Limitations: Possible distribution, self-selection, response, and
recall biases as a result of convenience sampling methodology.
Conclusions: Perioperative pain management practices vary widely among
US veterinarians but the majority of veterinarians, especially more
recent graduates, recommend administration of an NSAID.
Integrated Theory of Constraints, Lean and Six Sigma Process Excellence Methodologies: A Study in the Indian Manufacturing Sector
Authors: Mishra Mrigendra Nath
Published: February 2023

This study is to explore the advantages and obstacles of implementing
Theory of Constraints (TOC), Lean and Six Sigma in Indian manufacturing
organizations. The research also elaborates on the challenges of
implementing TOC, Lean and Six Sigma in manufacturing organizations in
India, along with the changes in the culture that are required for
providing a proper climate to ensure success in a long-term manner. The
methodology used in this study is a descriptive study, which explores
and looks for the factors that influence the impulse or motivation to
implement TOC, Lean and Six Sigma in Indian manufacturing organizations
and factors that inhibit the implementation of TOC, Lean and Six Sigma.
To achieve this goal of integrated TOC, Lean and Six Sigma, a
significant review of the existing literature of the subject area has
been done to prepare a framework with the help of statistics in view of
the critical success factors. This research is a flow and arranged a
type of survey of organizations that is conducted using MS-Excel and
SPSS 25.0. The number of participants selected using a purposive
sampling method in this study was 227 TOC, Lean and Six Sigma experts
and owners or CEOs of manufacturing organizations in India. TOC, Lean
and Six Sigma be used for facilitating the improvement processes in
manufacturing operations, quality improvements and productivity. As some
obstacles exist in implementing the integrated TOC, Lean and Six Sigma
approach, the improvement processes and outcomes of change in the
culture are noteworthy and worthwhile. The implementation of TOC, Lean
and Six Sigma has also some constraints, including cost limitations,
skill limitations, limited facilities and other such limitations. The
implementation of TOC, Lean and Six Sigma during and after COVID-19
pandemic is not yet a matter of urgency or priority, and hence, cannot
yet be applied.
Novel Fuzzy Technique for Denoising Mammogram Images Damaged By Low and High Impulse Noise Density.
Authors: Kiage Benard , Cheruiyot Wilson , Kimwele Michael
Published: February 2023

Abstract A Fuzzy logic based mean filter (FLBMF) is presented for
impulse noise reduction of mammogram images degraded with additive
impulse noise. FLBMF removes both low and high density impulsive noise
from mammogram images. FLBMF performs this in three major phases. In
phase one, the detection of noisy pixels is performed and determined. In
phase two, an adaptive threshold is determined by examining the
neighboring pixels. In phase three, fuzzy membership functions and fuzzy
rules are used to decide whether the current pixel is noise-free, or the
noise pixel is in a smooth or detailed region. All these phases are
based on fuzzy rules making use of membership functions. FLBMF can be
applied iteratively to effectively reduce impulsive noise. In
particular, the membership function’s shape is adapted according to the
remaining noise level after each iteration, making use of the
distribution of the homogeneity in the image. In this approach, the
mammogram images are selected from mini-MIAS database and renamed as
MammoB1, MammoB2, MammoB3 and MammoB4, are then deformed by varying
intensities of impulse noise. The performance evaluation of various
filters including FLBMF tested at low, medium and high noise densities
on different standard grey scale mammogram images is then carried out.
Mathematical performance parameters including Mean Square Error (MSE),
Peak-signal-to-noise-ratio (PSNR), and Structural Similarity Index
Measure (SSIM) are finally applied to measure the accuracy and
performance of this approach. The image modalities implementation and
analysis of our approach is carried out in MATLAB functions. Keywords:
Impulsive Noise; FLBMF, Fuzzy membership function, Fuzzy rules, Edge
preserving filtering, Fuzzy image filtering, Noise reduction
Quantifying habitable water temperatures and thermal sensitivities among species functional traits of stream invertebrates
Authors: Doi Hideyuki , Kominoski John , Katano Izumi
Published: February 2023

Ectothermic species have body temperatures that reflect their
environment to varying degrees. Environmental temperature drives all
cellular and physiological functions, including metabolism, development,
growth, migration, and reproduction. Extreme temperatures are occurring
more frequently with climate change, and understanding the thermal
tolerance and adaptive traits of species is critical.We hypothesized
that 1) geographic location of stream ecosystems, such as elevation and
latitude, influence the habitable water temperature of lotic (stream)
invertebrates because the thermal habitat of species directly influences
their life cycle and consequently fitness and 2) species functional
traits (e.g., voltinism and feeding behavior) are influenced by
habitable temperature. Here, we tested these hypotheses across diverse
taxa and geographic regions using a dataset for stream invertebrates
traits across North America. We showed that maximum water temperature in
habitats and thermal breadth were significantly lower and narrower
across streams ranging in elevation, from 0 to 3000 m, suggesting that
invertebrate taxa across various elevations are less tolerant of warmer
water temperature. Also, we identified thermal sensitivity differences
among species traits, especially functional feeding group traits, as
these are related to habitat selection in stream ecosystems. Our
synthesis suggests that elevation and species traits can help predict
thermal breadth and thermal tolerance for different species under a
changing climate.
Predator-mediated apparent competition persists in a rapidly changing Subarctic ecosystem
Authors: Hong Milly , Roth James , McKinnon Laura
Published: February 2023

The Alternative Prey Hypothesis (APH) states that predators switch to
relatively more abundant prey when their main prey is scarce. In the
High Arctic, lemming population cycles indirectly affect predation risk
on alternative prey such as shorebird nests as they share a main
predator, the arctic fox. In this study, we examined the indirect
effects of arvicoline rodent cycles on alternative prey in the Subarctic
where arctic and red fox coexist as predators of primary (lemmings,
voles) and alternative prey (shorebird nests). Using 10 years of field
data, our results indicate that interannual variation in daily nest
survival of Dunlin was best explained by an interactive effect of
arvicoline rodent abundance and arctic fox (not red fox) abundance.
During high rodent years, shorebird nest survival appeared to be
buffered from variation in arctic fox abundance but when rodents were
absent, nest survival declined. We found no relationship between
shorebird nest survival and red fox abundance despite red foxes being
found in much higher abundance in the study area. Our results indicate
that despite the presence of other predators and multiple primary prey
species, predator-mediated interactions common to High Arctic sites,
still hold true for the Subarctic in regards to the arctic fox,
arvicoline rodents and shorebirds.
A Juno-era View of Electric Currents in Jupiter's Magnetodisk
Authors: Liu Z.-Y. , Blanc Michel F. , Zong Qiu-Gang
Published: February 2023

Recent observations from Juno provided a detailed view of Jupiter’s
magnetodisk, including its magnetic fields, waves, plasmas and energetic
particles. Here, we contribute to Juno results by determining the
electric currents threading the magnetodisk and their coupling to
field-aligned currents (FAC) in the midnight-to-dawn local time sector.
We first derive from Juno magnetic field data the spatial distributions
of the height-integrated radial (Ir) and azimuthal (Ia) currents in the
magnetodisk, and then calculate the FACs from the divergence of the two
current components. The Ir-associated FAC, Jr, flows into and out of the
magnetodisk at small and large radial distances, respectively,
approximately consistent with the axisymmetric corotation enforcement
model. On the other hand, Ia decreases with increasing local time
everywhere in the local time sector covered, indicating an additional
FAC (Ja) flowing out of the magnetodisk. From Ia and Ja, we conclude
that the influence of the solar wind, which compresses the dayside
magnetosphere and thus breaks the axisymmetry of currents and fields,
reaches deep to a radial distance of at least 20 Jupiter radii. Our
results provide observational constraints on Jupiter’s
magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere coupling current systems, on their
relation to the main auroral emission and on the radial mass transport
rate in the magnetodisk, which we estimate to be close to
~1500 kg/s.
Can One Predict Coronal Mass Ejection Arrival Times with Thirty-Minute Accuracy?
Authors: Toth Gabor , Holst Bartholomeus van der , IV Ward Beecher Manchester
Published: February 2023

J. Schmidt and Cairns (2019) have recently claimed that they can predict
Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) arrival times with an accuracy of 0.9+-1.9
hours for four separate events. They also stated that the accuracy gets
better with increased grid resolution. Here, we show that combining
their results with the Richardson extrapolation (Richardson and Gaunt,
1927), which is a standard technique in computational fluid dynamics,
could predict the CME arrival time with 0.2+-0.26 hours accuracy. The
CME arrival time errors of this model would lie in a 95% confidence
interval [-0.21,0.61] h. We also show that the probability of
getting these accurate arrival time predictions with a model with a
standard deviation exceeding 2 hours is less than 0.1%, indicating that
these results cannot be due to random chance. This unprecedented
accuracy is about 20 times better than the current state-of-the-art
prediction of CME arrival times with an average error of about +-10
hours. Based on our analysis there are only two possibilities: the
results shown by J. Schmidt and Cairns (2019) were not obtained from
reproducible numerical simulations, or their method combined by the
Richardson extrapolation is in fact providing CME arrival times with
half an hour accuracy. We believe that this latter interpretation is
very unlikely to hold true. We also discuss how the peer-review process
apparently failed to even question the validity of the results presented
by Schmidt and Cairns (2019).
Sensitivity of Modeled Elastic Deformation in the Amundsen Sea Embayment
Authors: Hansen Jasmine S , Dukin William J , Willis Michael J , Wilson Terry J. , Bevis Michael G. , Gómez Demián D
Published: February 2023

This study investigates the effects of using high resolution surface
load change grids when modeling elastic crusted deformation at
ANET-POLENET Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) sites in the
Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE), Antarctica. We create sub-kilometer
resolution surface change grids from 1143 digital elevation models
(DEMs) derived from stereo optical imagery. We model elastic deformation
at grid resolutions between 0.32 and 6 km. We find that grid resolutions
of 6 km are appropriate to characterize elastic deformation at the
ANET-POLENET sites within the ASE, as each GNSS site is more than 5 km
from sites of major mass loss. Our experiments reveal that for
localities where major mass change is occur within 5 km, such as at
grounding zones and shear margins, the effects of surface load grid
resolution within elastic models may be large and finer scale
resolutions (less than 0.32 km) should be used.
Differences in methanogenic pathways and methanogenic communities in paddy soils under three typical cropping modes
Authors: Shen Wanyu , Ji Yang , Huang Qiong , Zhu Xiaoli , Ma Jing , Zhang Guangbin , Xu Hua
Published: February 2023

Microbial methane (CH4) production varies among different cropping
modes,which has important implications for how to reduce CH4 emissions
from paddy fields.However,little is known about the values of
anaerobically produced δ13CH4,methanogenic pathways,and their dominant
communities in different paddy soils.Through anaerobic incubation
experiments and the stable carbon isotope with fluoromethane inhibitor
method,CH4 production potential (MPP), the relative contribution of
acetoclastic methanogenesis(fac),and the abundance and community composition of methanogens in paddy
soils were measured under three typical cropping modes
(Rice-Wheat,RW;Rice-Fallow,RF;Double-Rice,DR) in China. The results
showed that MPP was 30.7 μg CH4 g–1 d–1 in DR soil,57% and 66%
higher than that in RW and RF soils,respectively,possibly due to the
lower pH and higher abundance of mcrA genes. Moreover,RF soil had the
highest produced δ13CH4 value(–43.9‰) and the lowest produced δ13CO2
value(–26.3‰). Based on the carbon isotope fractionations associated
with H2/CO2-dependent methanogenesis(1.049–1.062), the values of fac
estimated in RF soil(80–98%)were much higher than that in RW(39–60%)
and DR(52–75%) soils. It might be supported by that the Methanosarcina
(acetoclastic methanogens) were dominant in RF soil while Methanosarcina
and Methanobacterium(hydrogenotrophic methanogens) dominated in RW and
DR soils. Redundancy analysis revealed that the community structure of
methanogens was significantly affected by soil pH,indicating that the
differences in methanogenic pathways under the three typical cropping
modes might be caused by the changes in community composition driven by
soil pH. The findings suggest that soil pH-induced methanogenic
abundance and community composition drive paddy MPP and methanogenic
pathways, which would provide important insights into the CH4 reduction
in paddies.
Improving Arctic sea-ice thickness estimates with the assimilation of CryoSat-2 summer observations
Authors: Min Chao , Yang Qinghua , Luo Hao , Landy Jack Christopher , Chen Dake , Dawson Geoffrey Joseph , Krumpen Thomas , Mamnun Nabir , Liu Xiaoyu , Nerger Lars
Published: February 2023

Rapidly shrinking Arctic sea ice has had significant impacts on the
Arctic Ocean and many outer Arctic regions. It is therefore urgently
needed to reliably estimate Arctic sea-ice thickness (SIT) by combined
use of available observation and numerical modeling. Here, for the first
time, we assimilate the latest CryoSat-2 summer SIT data into a coupled
ice-ocean model. In particular, an Incremental Analysis Update scheme is
implemented to overcome the discontinuity brought by assimilating
biweekly SIT and daily sea ice concentration data. Along with an
improvement in sea ice volume, our SIT estimates have smaller errors
than that without SIT assimilation in areas where the sea ice is
roughest and experiences strong deformation, e.g., around the Fram
Strait and Greenland. This study suggests that the newly-developed
CryoSat-2 SIT product, when assimilated properly with our approach, has
great potential for Arctic sea ice simulation and prediction.
Geophysical and geochemical controls on abiotic carbon cycling on Earth-like planets
Authors: Neveu Marc , Bartlow Taylor Louanne Che , Felton Ryan , Domagal-Goldman Shawn D , Desch Steven
Published: February 2023

We investigate how variations in a planet’s size and the chemical
(mineral) composition of its upper mantle and surface affect processes
involved in the carbonate-silicate cycle, which is thought to have
regulated the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and its surface
temperature over geologic time. We present models of geophysical and
geochemical controls on these processes: outgassing, continental
weathering, and seafloor weathering, and analyze sensitivities to planet
size and composition. For Earth-like compositions, outgassing is
maximized for planets of Earth’s size. Smaller planets convect less
vigorously; higher pressures inside larger planets hinder melting. For
more felsic mantles, smaller planets (0.5-0.75 Earth mass) outgas more,
whereas more mafic planets follow the size trend of Earth’s composition.
Planet size and composition can affect outgassing by two orders of
magnitude, with variability driven by mass in the first 2.5 Gyr after
formation and by composition past that time. In contrast, simulations
spanning the diversity of surface compositions encountered in the inner
solar system indicate that continental weathering fluxes are about as
sensitive to surface composition or the patchiness of land as they are
to surface temperature, with fluxes within a factor of five of Earth’s.
Seafloor weathering appears more sensitive to uncertainties in tectonic
regime (occurrence, speed, and size of plates) than to seafloor
composition. These results form a basis to interpret calculations of
geological surface carbon fluxes to track atmospheric compositions,
through time, of lifeless exo-Earths, providing a baseline against which
the effect of biological activity may be distinguished with telescopic
observations.
Relative contributions of anomalous heat fluxes and effective heat capacity to sea surface temperature variability
Authors: Takahashi Naoya , Richards Kelvin J , Schneider Niklas , Stuecker Malte Fabian , Annamalai H , Nonaka Masami
Published: February 2023

Sea surface temperatures (SSTs) vary not only due to heat exchange
across the air-sea interface but also due to changes in effective heat
capacity as primarily determined by mixed layer depth (MLD). Here, we
investigate seasonal and regional characteristics of the contribution of
MLD anomalies to SST variability using observational datasets. We
propose a metric called Flux Divergence Angle (FDA), which can quantify
the relative contributions of surface heat fluxes and MLD anomalies to
SST variability. Using this metric, we find that MLD anomalies tend to
amplify SST anomalies in the extra-tropics, especially in the eastern
ocean basins, during spring and summer. This amplification is explained
by a positive feedback loop between SST and MLD via upper ocean
stratification. In contrast, MLD anomalies tend to suppress SST
anomalies in the eastern tropical Pacific. The MLD contribution in the
summer hemispheres is more pronounced on seasonal timescales than on
sub-monthly timescales.
Catchment coevolution and the geomorphic origins of variable source area hydrology
Authors: Litwin David , Tucker Gregory E. , Barnhart Katherine R. , Harman Ciaran J
Published: February 2023

Features of landscape morphology—including slope, curvature, and
drainage dissection—are important controls on runoff generation in
upland landscapes. Over long timescales, runoff plays an essential role
in shaping these same features through surface erosion. This feedback
between erosion and runoff generation suggests that modeling long-term
landscape evolution together with dynamic runoff generation could
provide insight into hydrological function. Here we examine the
emergence of variable source area runoff generation in a new coupled
hydro-geomorphic model that accounts for water balance partitioning
between surface flow, subsurface flow, and evapotranspiration as
landscapes evolve over millions of years. We derive a minimal set of
dimensionless numbers that provide insight into how hydrologic and
geomorphic parameters together affect landscapes. We find an inverse
relationship between the dimensionless local relief and the fraction of
the landscape that produces saturation excess overland flow, in
agreement with the synthesis described in the “Dunne Diagram.’
Furthermore, we find an inverse, nonlinear relationship between the
Hillslope number, which describes topographic relief relative to aquifer
thickness, and the proportion of the landscape that variably saturated.
Certain parameter combinations produce features with wide valley bottom
wetlands and nondendritic, diamond-shaped drainage networks, which
cannot be produced by simple landscape evolution models alone. With
these results, we demonstrate the power of coupled hydrogeomorphic
models for generating new insights into hydrological processes, and also
suggest that subsurface hydrology may be integral for modeling aspects
of long-term landscape evolution.
Relationship Between Atmospheric Rivers and the Dry Season Extreme Precipitation in Central-Western Mexico
Authors: Díaz Héctor Alejandro Inda , O'Brien Travis Allen
Published: February 2023

Atmospheric rivers (AR) are long, narrow jets of moisture transport
responsible for over 90% of moisture transport from the tropics to
higher latitudes, covering only between 2% and 10% of the earth’s
surface. ARs have a significant impact on the hydrological cycle of
midlatitudes and polar regions, which has resulted in a large effort to
study ARs and their impacts on these regions. It is not until recently
that ARs in tropical latitudes are starting to generate interest within
the scientific AR community.We use the ERA-20C reanalysis and the Bayesian AR detector TECA-BARD to
show the relationship between extreme precipitation and atmospheric
rivers in central-western Mexico (CWM) during the dry seasons
(November-March) in the 1900-2010 period.We find that more than 25% of extreme precipitation amount and
frequency are associated with ARs, with a maximum of 60%-80% during
December and January near the coast of Sinaloa (107.5W,25N). Composites
of the mean meteorological state show “ideal” conditions for
orographic precipitation due to landfalling ARs: high horizontal vapor
transport perpendicular to the Sierra Madre. We observe a tropospheric
wave pattern in vertical velocity, surface pressure, and geopotential
height associated with these events. The nature and evolution of these
waves need to be further studied. Our results suggest that TECA-BARD
provides a reasonable estimation for AR presence in CWM. Nevertheless,
we recommend using multiple AR detectors and one tuned explicitly for
tropical latitudes. This will allow investigation of the response of CWM
landfalling ARs and the region’s hydroclimatology under future climate
scenarios.
Snow Loss into Leads in Arctic Sea Ice: Minimal in Typical Wintertime Conditions, but High During a Warm and Windy Snowfall Event
Authors: Clemens-Sewall David , Polashenski Chris M , Frey Markus Michael , Cox Christopher J. , Granskog Mats Anders , Macfarlane Amy , Fons Steven , Schmale Julia , Hutchings Jennifer Katy , Albedyll Luisa von , Arndt Stefanie , Schneebeli Martin , Perovich Donald
Published: February 2023

The amount of snow on Arctic sea ice impacts the ice mass budget. Wind
redistribution of snow into open water in leads is hypothesized to cause
significant wintertime snow loss. However, there are no direct
measurements of snow loss into Arctic leads. We measured the snow lost
in four leads in the Central Arctic in winter 2020. We find, contrary to
the general consensus, that under typical winter conditions, minimal
snow was lost into leads. However, during a cyclone that delivered warm
air temperatures, high winds, and snowfall, 35.0 ± 1.1 cm snow water
equivalent (SWE) was lost into a lead (per unit lead area). This
corresponded to a removal of 0.7–1.1 cm SWE from the entire
surface—∼6–10% of this site’s annual snow precipitation. Warm air
temperatures, which increase the length of time that wintertime leads
remain unfrozen, may be an underappreciated factor in snow loss into
leads.
Variability of the Gravitational Constant G
Authors: Turcu Vasile
Published: February 2023

A brief history of the gravitational constant G is made and the current
value is given. G for the Earth is calculated at perihelion and
aphelion, resulting in different values. G is variable on a revolution
in all cosmic bodies. Variable G is calculated for the solar system. The
physical consequences with variable G are explained, which are valid for
all cosmic bodies. Measurements of G are suggested to be made on Earth
at perihelion and aphelion, on the International Space Station, and on
the Moon.
A maximum flow network interdiction model in fuzzy stochastic hybrid uncertainty environments
Authors: Bavandi Salim , Bigdeli Hamid
Published: February 2023

Uncertainty is an inherent characteristic of a decision-making process. Occasionally, historical data may be insufficient to accurately estimate the probability distribution suitable for an unknown variable. In these situations, we deal with fuzzy stochastic variables in solving a problem. As a result, decision-makers, particularly those in the military, are confronted with numerous issues. This article discusses the maximum network flow interdiction under fuzzy stochastic hybrid conditions. The capacity of arcs has been treated as a fuzzy stochastic variable in this problem. The primary objective of this paper is to propose a model to the decision-maker that can be used to manage unknown factors in the network. Since this topic is explored concurrently in a stochastic and fuzzy environment, it is impossible to solve it directly. Consequently, three probability-possibility, probability-necessity, and probability-credibility techniques are utilized to transform it into a deterministic state. Eventually, the proposed model?s efficacy is demonstrated by presenting a numerical example.
Self-ligating brackets do not reduce discomfort or pain when compared to conventional orthodontic appliances in Class I patients: a clinical study
Authors: Lopes Gracia Costa , Watinaga Gilson Kazuo , Guimarães Antônio Sérgio , Rocha Valadas Lidia Audrey , Ramacciato Juliana
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To compare the intensity, location, and short-term impact of the periodontal discomfort/pain, as well as the related functional parameters of bite force and masticatory efficiency, between self-ligating and conventional orthodontic appliances.

Materials and Methods

In 20 patients referred for orthodontic treatment, samples were collected from the gingival sulcus to evaluate the level of substance P using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Orthodontic devices were randomly bonded, with self-ligating appliances on one side and conventional brackets on the contralateral side. Pain threshold (PT), maximal bite force (MBF), and masticatory efficiency (ME) were assessed using standard validated techniques at the beginning of the treatment and 24 hours post–orthodontic activation with an 0.016-inch nickel-titanium wire.

Results

There were no significant differences (P > .05) in the substance P levels, PT, MBF, and ME between the self-ligating and conventional orthodontic appliances.

Conclusions

There was no difference between conventional and self-ligating appliances in the parameters of pain: substance P and pressure. Functional aspects, such as pain, discomfort, and masticatory efficiency, should not be considered when making a therapeutic decision regarding the use of self-ligating vs conventional orthodontic appliances.
VARIOUS THEORIES ABOUT THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE
Authors: Panchenko Olena , Bilous Bilous
Published: February 2023

The main purpose of this paper is to understand and consider the theories about the origin of language: to understand why it is such a complicated task for scientists. What is a language, how it developed, a different approaches and researches, which are connected to that problem. Unfortunately, we don’t know what the first language was, how it began – where and when. It's hard to imagine a cultural phenomenon that's more important than the event of language. No human attribute offers can't prove less persuading evidence, regarding its origins. The mystery of its solution, as Christine Kenneally says in her book “The First Word”? lies within the nature of the spoken word. Methods used in study: general and historical information about theories (their description and analysis), methods of theoretical research due to some recent studies, which are crucial for that problem. And it’s important to say that now empirical experiments about the origin of language are losing their necessity and effect, but theoretical approach is more suitable.
REMOTE EDUCATION USING EXPEDIENCE, ADVANTAGES, DISADVANTAGES, COMPARISON TO THE NON-REMOTE LEARNING IN UKRAINIAN HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENTS UNDER WAR CONDITIONS
Authors: Zhukova Maryna , Tkachenko Olena
Published: February 2023

The publication was delt to the importance of using the remote learning technologies in the process of the future doctors preparing in wartime conditions in Ukraine. The place and role of distance learning technologies in the system of higher education was determined. It was noted that the means of the teacher's educational activity get changed while developing the technical capabilities of the teaching methods and technology. The emphasis was placed on the need for a medical university teacher to master the modern information, communication and educational technologies. Accordingly to the survey results, the most serious challenge for students (53%) was the lack of direct contact with their classmates and fellow students. For those who lived in the hostel, this problem was not a priority. Instead, for them, the impossibility of staying alone to "attend" the educational classes became a more serious challenge. The large number of people present in the room and their noise prevented a high-quality understanding of the educational material. 37% of surveyed students indicated an increase in workload during distance learning. Some self-critical respondents noted their lack of self-organization and self-discipline, which prevented them from studying well.
TECHNOLOGIES OF INFLUENCE ON MASS MEDIA IN UKRAINE: THE POST-COMMUNIST CONTEXT
Authors: Zahirnyi Oleksiy
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to transformations of technologies of political influence on mass media in Ukraine. The essence of the post-communist context of transformations of technologies influencing the mass media is determined. It consists in the transition from the Soviet heritage (state and party censorship, administrative pressure on journalists and editors) to the oligarchic model of mass media activity (the use of economic leverage, hidden political advertising, and dependence on the owner). The methodological approach of historical institutionalism is used to determine the transformations of technologies of influence of public power and oligarchic groups on the mass media in the post-communist context. It has been specified that the creation of a democratic model of mass media activity is an integral part of the democratization of the Ukrainian political process. The study of technologies of public power influence on the mass media allows reconstructing creatively some provisions of the theory of democratic transition, determining its essence and directions in Ukraine. Special emphasis is placed on the need to overcome the post-communist legacy and the importance of understanding the democratic transition of Ukraine as the achievement of its ultimate goal – full-fledged European and EuroAtlantic integration. Despite the long debates in Ukrainian political science regarding the use of such terms as "post-communism" and "democratic transition", the events of recent years, and especially the war of the russian federation against Ukraine (i.e. actions aimed directly against the democratic transition of Ukraine) have convincingly proven the scientific value and the importance of researching the post-communist context of mass media activity. The essence of certain technologies of influence on the mass media, which characterize the relations between the government, society, and the mass media in the post-communist context, is noted.
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound (LIPUS) for Orthopaedic Trauma: A Pilot Study
Authors: SS Jameel
Published: February 2023

Introduction: The incidence of non-union is 5% for all fractures. Non-operative biophysical modes to stimulate osteogenesis and fracture healing have explored electrical, laser and ultrasound modalities to varying degrees of success over the past few decades. Methods: This pilot study was undertaken at a District general hospital (DGH) in a publicly funded healthcare delivery system to assess the benefits and report the healing rate/success with use of Low intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) ExoGen device in delayed and non-unions of closed appendicular skeletal fractures. A standard device that delivered acoustic radiation at an operating frequency of 1.5 MHz with a temporal average power of 30 mW/cm2 and self-administered by the patient for 20mins/day for 250 sessions was used. Results: 11 adult patients enrolled into the study were followed-up until the end of their treatment and seven of them had clinical plus radiological union with excellent outcomes. The mean age of patients was 54.9years (range: 26 to 71y). The mean follow-up duration was 18.5months (range: 10.0 to 24.5m). The mean duration from sustaining the fracture to application of ExoGen to hasten osteosynthesis was 4.1months (range: 1.0 to 9.0m). Two patients warranted revision surgery to achieve fracture union. Of the remaining two patients, one with fibrous non-union was coping satisfactorily whilst a salvage procedure was proposed for another. Discussion: LIPUS was used as an ‘Alternative’ to surgery (and revision surgery) in all but one patient where it was used as an adjunct with surgery. There were no complications with its use and the healing rate was 63.6% (7/11 patients). There was an estimated cost savings of at least £10,000 in this small cohort of patients. Smoking status, high velocity trauma, advancing age or gender did not influence the outcomes.
Flock Uniformity – A New Poultry Welfare Indicator?
Authors: Vieira-Pinto Madalena
Published: February 2023

Directive 2007/43/CE establishes the system for assessing the welfare of poultry at the slaughterhouse level, which consists of a systematic assessment of indicators by the slaughterhouse's official veterinarian (OV). In Portugal those indicators include mortality rate on the farm and during transport to the slaughterhouse, as well as post mortem findings such as footpad dermatitis (FPD). Nevertheless, the increasing importance of this topic leads to a dynamic search for novel welfare indicators such as flock uniformity. Reduced animal welfare can be indicated by poor flock uniformity due to either general housing or management problems, or bird health problems. For that reason, the aim of this study was to investigate the usefulness of the parameter “flock uniformity “(FU) as an indicator of animal welfare to be used during slaughter of commercial broiler flocks. For that, a total of 26 randomly selected mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler flocks were studied. All batches were raised under similar farm management systems with a medium age of slaughter of 35 days. To study the uniformity, 10% of each batch was observed and categorized after stunning at the slaughterhouse, using the following scores based on % of small animals observed: score 1 ([0 -2,5%[; high uniformity); score 2 ([2,5-5%[; normal uniformity); score 3 ([5-7,5%[; bad uniformity); score 4 (≥7,5%; no uniformity). Additionally, the following percentage data were collected for each flock: mortality in transport, total condemnation (TC), the % of TC only due to disease cause and the % of TC due to errors related to slaughter process. The results showed that poorer uniformity was highly associated with increased rejection level (p= 0.002) and increased rejections caused by disease (p = 0.001). This highlights the potential use of this parameter as an animal welfare indicator and also as a criterion to be used under a risk-based meat inspection approach: The worse the FU, the more time the OV must dedicate to the post-mortem inspection of that batch
NEW APPROACHES TO ECOSYSTEMIC STUDY OF ANIMALS (BIRDS) POPULATION HEALTH UNDER CONDITIONS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN REGION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Berezkin V. A. , Kozyrenko O. V. , Morozov N. V. , Sharina A. V. , Sochnev V. V.
Published: February 2023

The purpose of our research was to study the formation, functioning and structure of the nosological profile of infectious and invasive pathology of animals (birds) under conditions of the NorthWestern Region of the Russian Federation, to identify the main nosological units that form the epizootic and epidemic risk in the region and based on this to justify and determine the priority of measures for optimisation the anti-epizootic support of poultry farming in the region. In modern veterinary and biological sciences, there had been formed a concept about systemic understanding of ecologization in epizootology and epidemiology. A holistic scientific concept about the infectious parasitic system and self-regulation of the epizootic process of infectious and invasive parasitic systems had been formed (V. D. Belyakov et al., 1987). The notions "infection" and "infectious disease" are full-fledged components of parasitism (I. A. Bakulov, 1997; V. V. Sochnev, 1997; V. P. Urban, 1997; V. V. Makarov, 2022). In global epizootology the global epizootological category had been formulated – epizootological parameters of animals population, including population health, population reproduction, its economic utility and epidemic danger (V. V. Makarov, V. V. Sochnev, O. V. Kozyrenko, 2022; V. V. Sochnev, Yu. V. Pashkina, 2019). Animals health level largely depends on comfortness of the environment for their organisms, on epizootic safety of the territories, on the sustainability of ecological niche of parasitic systems pathogens and their epizootological geography. In the paper the animals infectious pathology nosological profile is studied under conditions of the North-Western Region of the Russian Federation, under conditions of a metropolis and its suburbs. The ecological niche of disease pathogens, its dependence on density axis and on host populations diversity were measured in quantities. It was discovered that the territorial boundaries for epizootic manifestation of the animals (birds) infectious pathology nosological units in the region tend to be formed under multifactorial influence, one of the main factors being the formation of the ecological niche of pathogens. In the North-Western Region the animals (birds) infectious pathology was formed from bacterioses in 11.49 %, from virosis in 12.4 %, from mycoses in 2.46 % and from invasive units in 73.6 %. The parasitic diseases of the ecosystem and their monoand polyhost epizootic manifestation were studied; the involvement of productive and unproductive animals populations co-members in the parasitic systems functioning was analysed; animals (birds) infectious pathologies dominating in the region were identified and the visualization of dominance semiotics of the specific nosological units was achieved by constructing Pareto diagrams.
CT-criteria for left atrium appendage thrombus detection
Authors: Kaliyev Bauyrzhan , Rakhimzhanova Raushan , Dautov Tairkhan , Bastarbekova Lyazzat , Moldakhanova Zhanar , Kabdullina Azhar , Abdrakhmanov Ayan
Published: February 2023

Objective: Atrial fibrillation is strongly associated with stroke and accounts for 60% of cardioembolic stroke. Assessing thromboembolic risk is important for patients with atrial fibrillation. Approximately 90% of all thrombus are localized in the left atrium appendage (LAA). This study aimed to determine the efficacy of cardiac computed tomography (CT) for LAA thrombus detection.

Material and methods: This retrospective study included 292 patients. LAA thrombus was confirmed or excluded by cardiac CT with the reference to transesophageal echocardiography (TEE). We excluded patients with allergic reactions to iodide, increased creatinine levels, thyroid disease (hyperthyroidism), pregnancy, and age <18 years.

Results: According to the cardiac CT, 103 of 292 people had LAA thrombus, while according to TEE, only 48 of patients had LAA thrombus. The sensitivity and specificity of CT were 97.7% and 77%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the CT was higher in 2016–2020, when the delayed phase was added to the standard protocol, compared to 2012–2015 years. Older age, higher BMI, higher CHA2DS2-VASc and HAS-BLED scores, and larger LA and LVESV were significantly associated with LAA thrombus detection on cardiac CT. Higher LVESV and LVEDV indexes (LVESVI and LVEDVI) and lower LV ejection fraction measured by TEE were also predictors of LAA thrombus detection by cardiac CT.

Conclusion: Our findings show that cardiac CT has high sensitivity and specificity for excluding or confirming LAA thrombus, and can also be exclusively used to determine the presence or absence of a thrombus.