bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative study of pulpal response following direct pulp capping using synthesized fluorapatite and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles
Authors: Salem Eman M. , Abdelfatah Omnia M. , Hanafy Rania A. , El-Sharkawy Rehab M. , Elnawawy Ghadir , Alghonemy Wafaa Yahia
Published: January 2025

Objective

This study aimed to investigate and compare the histological response of rabbit dental pulp after direct pulp capping with 3 different materials: mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), nanoparticles of fluorapatite (Nano-FA), and nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (Nano-HA) after 4 and 6-week time intervals.

Material and methods

A total of 72 upper and lower incisor teeth from 18 rabbits were randomly categorized into 3 groups)24 incisors from six rabbits each. MTA Group: teeth were capped with MTA. Nano-FA Group: teeth were capped with fluorapatite nanoparticles. Nano-HA Group: teeth were capped with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles. Blood samples were collected to examine some antioxidant enzymes nitric oxide (NO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). After that, three rabbits from each group were euthanized after 4 and 6 weeks, respectively. Pulp tissues of all teeth in all groups were histologically observed.

Results

The obtained results showed that both Nano-HA induced the formation of thick dentin bridges with irregular dentin patterns at 6 weeks, while MTA and Nano-FA induced no dentin bridge with no tubular dentin pattern. Blood examination at the two intervals revealed no significant increase or decrease in the values of NO, SOD, CAT, GPx, GSH, and TNF-α. However, there was a significant increase in p-values of IL-6 in the Nano-FA treated group compared to both MTA and Nano-HA treated groups at the two intervals. Regarding the inflammatory reaction of the dental pulp, the MTA and Nano-HA groups displayed moderate inflammation, followed by Nano-FA, which showed the highest prevalence of nonpathological inflammation. Histological results were consistent with the blood examination. After 4 weeks, the Nano-FA and Nano-HA groups showed pulp fibrosis at the operating site, but the MTA showed only granulation tissues. Plus, dilated blood vessels appeared in the Nano-FA group. After 6 weeks, MTA and Nano-FA groups showed pulp fibrosis at the operating site with the persistence of dilated blood vessels with Nano-FA. The nano-HA group showed dentin bridge formation at the operating site.

Conclusion

MTA and Nano-HA could be considered favorable materials for direct pulp capping, while Nano-FA produces nonpathological inflammatory cell reactions. Moreover, the Nano-HA was the best in dentin bridge formation. Although nano-FA increased the operating site closure, it was noticed that it significantly increased IL-6 compared to MTA at the two intervals and significantly increased IL-6 compared to Nano-HA at 6 weeks, which may be manifested as some nonpathological inflammations in the Nano-FA group compared to the other groups, but it was deemed acceptable to direct pulp capping procedures.
Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) use in medical students: a literature review
Authors: Morgan Jacqueline
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) is an emergent phenomenon within medical education. The rise of FOAMed resources has meant that medical education needs no longer be confined to the lecture theatre or the hospital setting, but rather, can be produced and shared amongst any individual or group with access to internet and a suitable device. This study presents a review of the use of FOAMed resources by students as part of their university medical education.

Method

A literature search of terms relevant to the topic of FOAMed use by medical students was completed and reviewed. The included results were subsequently analysed and categorised through qualitative analysis.

Results

The increasingly digital cohort of medical students, fitting into the Gen Z and millennial generations, are generations that have taken strongly to FOAMed resources (Toohey et al., Western J Emerg Med 337–343, 2016, Shorey et al., Nurse Educ Pract 57:103247, 2021), with many of their learning styles being applicable to the methods of study that students were faced with in the online-heavy medical curriculums due to the COVID-19 pandemic (Marshall and Wolanskyj-Spinner, Mayo Clinc Proceedings 95:1135–7, 2020). However, despite the increasing use of FOAMed resources by these students, observed university study recommendations fail to recommend or integrate these resources into the curriculum. This review presents an exploration of the use of FOAMed resources by students as part of their university medical education.

Conclusion

This literature review found that students are increasingly utilising FOAMed as an integral part of their medical education, demonstrating self-determined learning. However, most of the literature on this topic is of the descriptive type, with little literature available on how universities are incorporating this form of student learning into the formal curriculum.
The complexity of home-based rehabilitation technology implementation for post-stroke motor rehabilitation in the Netherlands
Authors: te Boekhorst Karlijn E. , Kuipers Sanne J. , Ribbers Gerard M. , Cramm Jane M.
Published: January 2025

Background

Rehabilitation technology is a growing field, but the sustainable implementation of these technologies, particularly in home settings, is lacking. The aim of this study was to explore the factors influencing the uptake of stroke rehabilitation technology among various stakeholders, including developers, healthcare professionals, individuals who had strokes, strategic experts, management and innovation staff, health insurers, and the National Health Care Institute.

Methods

In total, 22 semi-structured interviews were conducted with a purposive stakeholder sample. The Non-adoption, Abandonment, Scale-up, Spread, and Sustainability (NASSS) framework was used as the theoretical basis for the interview design. The interview content was analysed to generate (sub)themes representing factors influencing the implementation of home-based rehabilitation technology. These (sub)themes were organised according to the NASSS framework domains to ensure a systematic and theoretically grounded analysis.

Results

Ten influencing factors emerged, nine of which fell within six of the seven NASSS domains. These factors include: (1) the unpredictable aftermath of stroke, (2) technology (mis)alignment with care delivery processes and end users’ preferences, (3) disparities in the assessment of technology’s value, (4) differences in commercial and university developers’ interests, (5) patient group capabilities, (6) perceived workload, (7) formal implementation plans in rehabilitation centres, (8) laws and regulations, and (9) the financial system. The factor that did not align with a single NASSS domain was: (10) the fragmentation of responsibilities among diverse stakeholders.

Conclusion

This study shows that the sustainable implementation of home-based rehabilitation technology faces several challenges across multiple domains of the NASSS framework. Effective collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for addressing these challenges but is currently hindered by fragmented responsibilities. To improve collaboration, it is essential to clearly define the roles and responsibilities of all stakeholders. Additionally, national-level policies adopting a systems approach are necessary to align these responsibilities and foster effective collaboration.
Health commodity management information system (Dagu-2 Software) implementation status in public health facilities of South-western Oromia, Ethiopia: a mixed method study
Authors: Gudeta Tadesse , Berhanu Nimona , Bekele Azmeraw , Boche Bekele , Mulugeta Tidenek , Tilahun Gizachew , Bayisa Bodena , Kleineidam Julia
Published: January 2025

Background

To ensure the complete traceability of healthcare commodities, robust end-to-end data management protocols are needed for the supply chain. In Ethiopia, digital tools like Dagu-2 are used in the lower levels of the healthcare supply chain. However, there is a lack of information regarding the implementation status, factors, and challenges of Dagu-2, as it is a recent upgrade from the offline Dagu-1 application. Thus, this study aimed to assess the implementation status of Dagu-2 in public health facilities in Southwestern Oromia, Ethiopia.

Methods

The study employed a sequential explanatory mixed method design to investigate the implementation status of the Dagu2 program in 33 public health facilities in the Southwestern Oromia region of Ethiopia. Study participants were selected using a two-step approach. Firstly, public hospitals and health centers that had implemented Dagu-2 were identified. Secondly, 65 logistic practitioners, including store managers and pharmacy heads, who met the eligibility criteria were selected for the quantitative study. Quantitative data were collected using validated and reliable self-administered questionnaires and analysed using SPSS version 23. We run both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. Fisher's exact test was used to discern the relationship between dependent and independent variables at p < 0.05. The qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews and underwent manual thematic analysis.

Results

Out of 65 questionnaires, 61 were completed (93.8% response rate). About 77.0% reported using Dagu-2 for operational and strategic decisions, and 80.3% used it for logistics performance monitoring. Roughly 78.7% of the participants indicated a positive implementation status for Dagu-2. Antivirus usage (p = 0.018) and administrative support (p = 0.002) significantly associated with the implementation. External support and user-friendliness facilitated the implementation, while infrastructure constraints, connectivity absence, weak management support, and project handover gaps were major obstacles.

Conclusion

Overall, the study revealed a promising implementation process and service quality improvements. However, challenges such as lack of management support, limited ICT infrastructure, absence of connectivity, weak management support, and project handover gaps became obstacles for successful implementation. To ensure an effective healthcare system, leveraging technology tools and securing stakeholder support through training are essential.
Alone or in combination, hyaluronic acid and chondroitin sulfate alleviate ECM degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway
Authors: Ma Yiran , Yang Xin , Jiang Min , Ye Wangjuan , Qin Hong , Tan Songwen
Published: January 2025

Backgrounds

Osteoarthritis (OA) significantly impacts the elderly, leading to disability and decreased quality of life. While hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) are recognized for their therapeutic potential in OA, their effects on extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation are not well understood. This study investigates the impact of HA and CS, individually and combined, on ECM degradation in OA and the underlying mechanisms.

Methods

OA was modeled in rats through anterior cruciate ligament transection and in cells using IL-1β pretreatment. Treatments included HA and CS, alone or combined, with and without PMA (an NF-κB pathway activator). Cartilage tissue was analyzed using HE and Saffron O-fast green staining, with degradation assessed via the OARSI score. Inflammatory factors were measured by ELISA, and ECM-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting. Chondrocyte viability was assessed using CCK8.

Results

HA and CS treatments significantly reduced cartilage damage, decreased inflammatory factor release, alleviated ECM degradation, and inhibited NF-κB pathway activation compared to the OA group (P < 0.05). The combination of HA and CS further enhanced these therapeutic effects (P < 0.05). However, these benefits were reversed when PMA was introduced (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

HA and CS, whether used alone or in combination, mitigate ECM degradation in osteoarthritis by inhibiting the NF-κB pathway, offering potential therapeutic benefits for OA management.
Two-dimensional cell membrane chromatography guided screening of myocardial protective compounds from Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule
Authors: Shao Si-Min , Ji Xuan , Wang Xing , Liu Run-Zhou , Cai Yu-Ru , Lin Xiaobing , Zeng Ze-Jie , Chen Ling , Yang Liu , Yang Hua , Gao Wen
Published: January 2025

Background

Cell membrane chromatography (CMC) is a biochromatography with a dual function of recognition and separation, offering a distinct advantage in screening bioactive compounds from Chinese medicines (CMs). Yindan Xinnaotong soft capsule (YD), a CM formulation, has been widely utilized in the treatment of cardiovascular disease. However, a comprehensive mapping of the myocardial protective active compounds remains elusive.

Purpose

To establish a stable and efficient 2D H9c2/CMC-RPLC-MS system, and to utilize it for screening the active compounds of YD that are associated with myocardial protection.

Methods

An imidazole-modified silica gel exhibiting high modification efficiency and protein binding capacity was synthesized to enhance the longevity and efficiency of H9c2/CMC. Subsequently, the potentially bioactive compounds of YD were screened by integrating the 2D H9c2/CMC-RPLC-MS system with a high-content component knockout strategy. Additionally, an RNA-seq approach was employed to predict the targets and mechanisms of YD and the active compounds for myocardial protection.

Results

The developed imidazole-modified H9c2/CMC exhibits remarkable selectivity, specificity, stability, and reproducibility. Following three rounds of screening, a total of 24 potential myocardial protective compounds were identified, comprising 8 flavonoids, 8 phenolic acids, 4 saponins, and 4 tanshinones. Bioinformatic analysis utilizing RNA-seq indicated that the FOXO signaling pathway, with FOXO3 identified as a key target, plays a significant role in the cardioprotective effects of YD. Furthermore, all 24 screened compounds exhibit strong binding affinities with FOXO3 evaluated by molecular docking.

Conclusion

A highly stable and efficient 2D imidazole-modified H9c2/CMC-RPLC-MS system was developed, allowing for the screening of potentially active compounds from YD. Through the integration of the bioinformatic analysis, the pharmacodynamic foundation of YD for myocardial protection has been comprehensively characterized.

Graphical Abstract
Profiling of pathogenic variants in Japanese patients with sarcoglycanopathy
Authors: Shimazaki Rui , Saito Yoshihiko , Awaya Tomonari , Minami Narihiro , Kurosawa Ryo , Hosokawa Motoyasu , Ohara Hiroaki , Hayashi Shinichiro , Takeuchi Akihide , Hagiwara Masatoshi , Hayashi Yukiko K. , Noguchi Satoru , Nishino Ichizo
Published: January 2025

Background

Sarcoglycanopathies (SGPs) are limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) that can be classified into four types, LGMDR3, LGMDR4, LGMDR5, and LGMDR6, caused by mutations in the genes, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, and SGCD, respectively. SGPs are relatively rare in Japan. This study aims to profile the genetic variants that cause SGPs in Japanese patients.

Methods

Clinical course and pathological findings were retrospectively reviewed in Japanese patients with SGP. Genetic analyses were performed using a combination of targeted resequencing with a hereditary muscle disease panel, whole genome sequencing, multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification, and long-read sequencing. The structures of transcripts with aberrant splicing were also determined by RT-PCR, RNA-seq, and in silico prediction.

Results

We identified biallelic variants in SGC genes in 53 families, including three families with LGMDR6, which had not been identified in Japan so far. SGCA was the most common causative gene, accounting for 56% of cases, followed by SGCG, SGCB, and SGCD, at 17%, 21%, and 6%, respectively. Missense variants in SGCA were very frequent at 78.3%, while they were relatively rare in SGCB, SGCG, and SGCD at 11.1%, 18.2%, and 16.6%, respectively. We also analyzed the haplotypes of alleles carrying three variants found in multiple cases: c.229C > T in SGCA, c.325C > T in SGCB, and exon 6 deletion in SGCG; two distinct haplotypes were found for c.229C > T in SGCA, while each of the latter two variants was on single haplotypes.

Conclusions

We present genetic profiles of Japanese patients with SGPs. Haplotype analysis indicated common ancestors of frequent variants. Our findings will support genetic diagnosis and gene therapy.
Effect of intramuscular treatment with different iron dextran dosages and non-inferiority study to gleptoferron
Authors: Hennig-Pauka Isabel , Ganter Martin , Bornhorn Dirk , Lyons Wesley , Marco Enric , Almond Glen , Schneider Bettina , Kreienbrock Lothar , Pedersen Ken Steen
Published: January 2025

Background

Prevention of iron deficiency in suckling piglets by intramuscular injection of a standardized amount of iron dextran or gleptoferron in the first days of life can lead to over- or underdosage with respective health risks. Currently, combined iron products containing an active substance against coccidia are also used on farms. When using a combination product targeting two diseases, an adjustment of the necessary amount of iron to prevent anaemia in the frame of a farm-specific treatment protocol is not possible. The aim of this study was to test if iron dextran, which can be used in flexible volumes, is statistically non-inferior to a combinatory product, containing gleptoferron and toltrazuril. In addition, different administration schemes for iron dextran with respect to time point and dosage were compared on a conventional farm. Within each out of 17 litters eight healthy piglets were allocated to one of the four treatment groups on the second day of life: (1) 200 mg iron dextran, (2) 200 mg gleptoferron and 45 mg toltrazuril in combination, (3) 300 mg iron dextran, (4) 200 mg iron dextran and additional intramuscular administration of 200 mg iron dextran on day 11 of life. Pigs of groups 1, 3 and 4 received toltrazuril orally. Red blood cell measures were determined prior to treatment on day 2 of life and at weaning. Body weights were measured on day 2, 24, 74 and 160 of life.

Results

Iron dextran was non-inferior compared to gleptoferron within a tolerance range of ± 5 g haemoglobin/L. In total, treatment groups did not differ with respect to red blood cell parameters and average daily weight gain. The 50% pigs with intermediate birth weights profited from an additional iron dextran administration with respect to higher haemoglobin concentrations at weaning.

Conclusions

In this investigation gleptoferron and iron dextran appear equally appropriate for prevention of iron deficiency anaemia. Piglets of different birth weights might profit differently from an additional iron administration, so that usage of a product containing iron as a single substance is of advantage to allow a flexible adjustment of dosage during the suckling period.
Deletion of pagL and arnT genes involved in LPS structure and charge modulation in the Salmonella genome confer reduced endotoxicity and retained efficient protection against wild-type Salmonella Gallinarum challenge in chicken
Authors: Aganja Ram Prasad , Kwon Jun , Senevirathne Amal , Lee John Hwa
Published: January 2025

Fowl typhoid (FT) poses a significant threat to the poultry industry and can cause substantial economic losses, especially in developing regions. Caused by Salmonella Gallinarum (SG), vaccination can prevent FT. However, existing vaccines, like the SG9R strain, have limitations, including residual virulence and potential reversion of pathogenicity. This study aims to develop safer and more effective SG vaccine strains through targeted genetic modifications, focusing on genes involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) biosynthesis and modification. We evaluated two novel mutant SG strains, JOL3015 and JOL3016, carrying in-frame deletions in ΔlonΔrfaLΔarnT and ΔlonΔrfaLΔpagL, respectively. Intramuscular immunisation of 4-week-old young birds with JOL3015 and JOL3016 strains showed minimal impact on their growth. However, the immunisation significantly increased antigen-specific IgY, sIgA secretion, and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell responses while inducing lower pro-inflammatory cytokine levels than SG9R. Histopathological evaluations revealed substantial protection in the immunised birds, with minimal tissue damage and inflammatory responses, thus reducing the in vivo bacterial burden. Furthermore, none of the immunised birds died. This outcome highlights the significant safety and protection the selected genetic modifications conferred. Our results indicate that JOL3016 provided comparable protective outcomes on par with SG9R, yet with significantly lower endotoxicity responses during the lethal challenge with SG WT JOL422. The novel detoxified SG strains, particularly JOL3016, offer a promising alternative to existing vaccines for FT. They provide effective protection with minimal impact on poultry growth, thereby minimising the risks associated with reversion and endotoxicity. The study highlights the potential of genetically engineered vaccine strains in improving poultry health and productivity, emphasising the importance of continued research.
Low SAR compact wideband/dual-band semicircular slot antenna structures for sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications
Authors: Abd-Elsalam Reham W. , Seleem Hussein E. , Abd-Elnaby Mostafa M. , Hussein Amr H.
Published: January 2025

The design and fabrication of planar semicircular slot antennas for both wideband and dual-band sub-6 GHz 5G wireless applications are presented in this paper. A transmission line feed is included in the designed U-shaped radiating patch. To minimize the antenna size and control the bandwidth, a semicircle-defected ground structure is etched beneath the radiating patch. To allow for dual-band operation, a T-shaped stub structure is attached in the middle of the U-shaped radiating patch. If the transverse part of the T structure is connected to the two U limbs, the antenna performs as a wideband antenna (WBA). Furthermore, reducing and modifying the length of the T structure’s transverse part are equivalent to constructing a frequency tunable band-stop filter that controls the two operating frequency bands of the antenna. The design has a small footprint of (0.35λ0 × 0.35λ0) where λ0 denotes the free space wavelength, peak gain, and efficiency of about 8.5 dBi and 93%, respectively. When the length of the transverse part of the T structure LB = 10.3 mm, the antenna acts as a WBA with operating frequency band from 1.8 to 6 GHz. When the length of the transverse part of the T structure is reduced to LB = 4.3 mm, the antenna is converted into a dual-band antenna with operating frequency bands from 1.8 to 3.7 GHz and from 4.05 to 5.5 GHz. In the simulations, the antenna performed adequately when both the dielectric back cover and the human head-hand model are present. The study achieved safe specific absorption rate (SAR) values that preserve good efficiencies and radiation patterns. The investigated SAR10g values at 3.3/4.5 GHz are equal to 0.121 W/kg, which are within allowable bounds. The simulations and measurements are highly matched.
Effects of data transformation and model selection on feature importance in microbiome classification data
Authors: Karwowska Zuzanna , Aasmets Oliver ,   Estonian Biobank research team, Metspalu Mait , Metspalu Andres , Milani Lili , Esko Tõnu , Kosciolek Tomasz , Org Elin
Published: January 2025

Background

Accurate classification of host phenotypes from microbiome data is crucial for advancing microbiome-based therapies, with machine learning offering effective solutions. However, the complexity of the gut microbiome, data sparsity, compositionality, and population-specificity present significant challenges. Microbiome data transformations can alleviate some of the aforementioned challenges, but their usage in machine learning tasks has largely been unexplored.

Results

Our analysis of over 8500 samples from 24 shotgun metagenomic datasets showed that it is possible to classify healthy and diseased individuals using microbiome data with minimal dependence on the choice of algorithm or transformation. Presence-absence transformations performed comparably to abundance-based transformations, and only a small subset of predictors is necessary for accurate classification. However, while different transformations resulted in comparable classification performance, the most important features varied significantly, which highlights the need to reevaluate machine learning–based biomarker detection.

Conclusions

Microbiome data transformations can significantly influence feature selection but have a limited effect on classification accuracy. Our findings suggest that while classification is robust across different transformations, the variation in feature selection necessitates caution when using machine learning for biomarker identification. This research provides valuable insights for applying machine learning to microbiome data and identifies important directions for future work.
Mapping the research landscape of blockchain and crowdfunding
Authors: Rejeb Abderahman , Rejeb Karim , Appolloni Andrea , Zailani Suhaiza , Iranmanesh Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Blockchain technology and crowdfunding (CF) have emerged as disruptive forces in the finance and entrepreneurship landscape, potentially transforming traditional modes of capital raising and investment. This study investigates the intersection of blockchain technology and CF to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research through a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis. By examining 219 publications sourced from Scopus, this study employed descriptive statistics, article co-citations, and keyword co-occurrence to identify key bibliometric indicators, themes, and trends. The findings reveal a surge in research activity related to blockchain and CF, emphasizing initial cryptocurrency offerings, financial technology (Fintech), and the role of blockchain in improving transactional efficiency, disintermediation, and venture capital CF. Keyword co-occurrence analysis reveals diverse research themes, including smart contracts, fundraising campaigns, sustainable entrepreneurship, and Islamic Fintech. Based on the findings of this analysis, several implications and directions for further investigation are highlighted. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first attempt to analyze the intersection of blockchain technology and CF using scientometric techniques systematically.
Alzheimer’s disease and antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents: a mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhang Jiayuan , Wang Mingming , Wang Dong , Deng Linwen , Peng Yao
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, with antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents potentially playing a decisive role in its pathophysiological process. However, the causal relationship between antibodies and AD remains unclear.

Methods

A two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was conducted to investigate the causal link between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents and the risk of AD. Genetic variations associated with these antibodies obtained from UK Biobank, and data on AD were obtained from the Finnish databases, utilizing its extensive repository of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for a comprehensive analysis. The MR analysis employed the inverse variance-weighted, MR-Egger, and weighted median methods. Sensitivity analysis was also performed using MR-Egger regression, MR-pleiotropy residual sum, and outlier tests.

Results

Two causal associations were identified between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious diseases agents and AD. Varicella zoster virus glycoproteins E and I antibody suggest a protective association with AD. Conversely, higher levels of Epstein-Barr virus EBNA-1 antibody appear to be associated with an increased risk of AD.

Conclusion

Our MR analysis has revealed a causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to specific infectious disease agents and AD. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying AD.
Introduction to educational activities. The Modern Child. Teamwork: a textbook with a workshop for first-year students - future teachers
Authors:   Murmansk Arctic University, Afonkina Yulia A. , Kuzmicheva Tatiana V. ,   Murmansk Arctic University
Published: January 2025

Учебник с практикумом предназначен для изучения разделов авторской дисциплины «Введение в образовательную деятельность» первокурсниками - будущими педагогами (воспитателями, учителями, психологами, логопедами, дефектологами). В основу учебника положено взаимопроникновение социологических, психологических, общепедагогических, дефектологических, медицинских знаний для осмысления фактов, характеризующих тенденции развития современного ребенка и современную образовательную деятельность, и, их интерпретаций, необходимых для индивидуализации образования в контексте решения задач социализации формирующейся личности. Учебник адресован обучающимся и преподавателям университетов, осуществляющим подготовку педагогов, а также всем, кто интересуется проблемами современного образования и современного детства.
Beyond the seizures: Ketogenic Diets in the battle against drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Domańska Natalia , Bojarska Małgorzata , Bogucka Julia , Brzyska Anna , Kosowska Michalina , Piecewicz-Szczęsna Halina
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Epilepsy is a chronic, non-infectious and one of the most common neurological disease. About 70 million people worldwide suffer from it and these are patients of all ages. Despite the existence of many anticonvulsants and multiple lines of treatment, some patients still experience symptoms of the epilepsy. International league against epilepsy says that one-third of people with epilepsy fail to control it with anti-epileptic drugs (AED) and continue to have seizures.
Purpose: The aim of the study is to analyze the impact of using a ketogenic diet in patients with epilepsy that meets the criteria for drug-resistant epilepsy.
Materials and method: In April 2024, articles found in the Medline (Pubmed) databases were selected by using the following keywords: ketogenic diet in drug-resistant epilepsy, drug-resistant epilepsy, ketogenic diet and selected articles from 2018-2023.
Conclusions: In the ketogenic diet, ketones formed from the oxidation of fatty acids are the source of energy instead of glucose. Ketones increase the amount of inhibitory neurotransmitters and glutathione. It improves neuronal hemostasis and increases cells’ resistance during excessive electrical discharges in the brain. These qualities are responsible for the antiepileptic profile of the ketogenic diet. Patients who follow a ketogenic diet experience fewer seizures attacks. We do not know the long-term side effects of the ketogenic diet yet and it is impossible to make a definitive thesis. Scientists are working to prove the validity of ketogenic diet in drug-resistant epilepsy.
Challenges and Novelties in the Treatment of Obesity in Adults. A review
Authors: Kuczapska Karolina , Kurowski Marek , Gliwa Anna , Ryglewicz Monika , Fabian Dariusz , Leszczyńska-Knaga Elżbieta , Jakubczyk Natalia , Rutkowska-Kawalec Weronika , Moczydłowski Paweł , Michalczuk Karolina
Published: January 2025

Introduction
Obesity is a complex, chronic disease that continues to be a significant global health challenge due to its prevalence and association with numerous comorbidities. Etiology of this disease includes different factors from genetic, environmental, and lifestyle fields, while effective management of obesity is still being studied. 
Aim of the study
The aim of this comprehensive review is to examine arising innovations in the treatment of adult obesity. Deeper insight into the available database would help to provide better understanding of obesity and of its treatment. 
Materials and Methods
To reach satisfying results the research was conducted on the articles referring to obesity treatment from the Pubmed databases. Articles from recent years were preferably utilized to keep the review up to date.
Results
Nowadays, pharmacotherapy can offer GLP-1 receptor agonists like liraglutide or semaglutide, and new drugs like tirzepatide that show great effectiveness. Additionally, bariatric surgery continues to offer great solution for severe obesity, combining restrictive and malabsorptive mechanisms for significant weight loss and metabolic benefits. The main procedures include gastric bypass with sleeve gastrectomy or duodenal switch. Personalized treatment, referring to different obesity phenotypes, has shown improvement in the therapeutic outcomes. Some new therapies are studied including triple agonists (retatrutide), non-peptide GLP-1 receptor agonists, and drugs reaching other receptors. All of them are promising for the effective obesity treatment in the future.
Summary
This review underlines the need for multidisciplinary and personal approach in the treatment of obesity and the need to share the knowledge about it to address the growing obesity epidemic effectively. Recognizing obesity as a chronic and complex disease is essential to improve patient’s understanding of their condition as well as to reach effective treatment outcomes.
Maintaining Fat-Free Mass and Muscle Mass during obesity therapy with Incretin-Mimetic Drugs
Authors: Popiela Dariusz , Urbańska Karina , Stojak Łukasz , Grego Mateusz , Kwiatkowski Filip , Baczewski Mateusz , Grego Katarzyna , Czyż Witold
Published: January 2025

Obesity is one of the major public health challenges of the 21st century. In recent years, incretin mimetic drugs (IMDs), primarily liraglutide, semaglutide, and tirzepatide, have gained popularity due to their ability to help patients lose 10%-20% of their body weight. However, it has been observed that during treatment with these medications, patients also lose fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass (MM). Available scientific knowledge provides limited information regarding preventing FFM and MM loss associated with IMDs treatment. This study aims to analyze current information about strategies that minimize the loss of FFM and MM and muscle function and consider using methods to prevent muscle atrophy in patients treated for obesity with other methods, such as diet, exercise, and bariatric surgery, to form a holistic approach for patients treated with IMDs. This review was conducted by searching scientific publications on PubMed, Google Scholar, and Clinicaltrials.gov databases. The analysis included articles concerning FFM and MM loss in the most common obesity treatment therapies and articles that provided information about the impact of exercise and nutrition combined with IMDs in obesity treatment and proper weight maintenance. The research findings indicate that two primary factors significantly influence the preservation of FFM and muscle mass MM during weight loss therapy: proper nutrition and physical activity. During weight loss interventions, diets should consist of adequate high-quality protein, which contributes to reducing MM loss. Furthermore, physical activity, particularly resistance training, demonstrates a markedly positive effect on the maintenance of MM. All patients undergoing obesity treatment with IMDs must participate in comprehensive programs that offer an appropriate dietary regimen and individually tailored physical exercise plans.
Chili Plants Soil Fertility Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things (IoT)
Authors: Prawoto Wahyu , Yudhana Anton
Published: January 2025

Soil fertility is one of the main factors in cultivating chili peppers. Variables that need to be considered to support chili growth include soil temperature and pH. This study aims to monitor soil fertility using the DS18B20 temperature sensor and an Internet of Things (IoT)-based soil pH sensor combined with the Geographical Information System (GIS) algorithm. Ituses parameters of temperature values and soil pH values with geographic readings via GIS. The DS18B20 temperature sensor values and ground pH sensor are processed on the ESP8266 NodeMCU then displayed on a 20x4 LCD and sent to the ThingSpeak website in real time. Soil fertility testing is carried out in the morning and evening by comparing the measurement results of the DS18B20 temperature sensor and soil pH sensor with a standard tool, namely the 4in1Soil Survey Instrument. The results of soil fertility testing using the DS18B20 temperature sensor and soil pH sensor conducted in the morning obtained a temperature accuracy of 95.36% and a pH accuracy of 95.96%. Meanwhile, the results carried out in the afternoon obtained a temperature accuracy of 94.36% and a pH accuracy of 89.96%. The implementation of GIS in this study succeeded in mapping the fertility of good and bad soils.
Implementation of Wireless Communication System in R-SCUAD Humanoid Soccer Robot with Checksum Error Detection Method Based on UDP Protocol
Authors: Rahmawati Yenny , Widodo Nuryono Satya
Published: January 2025

This paper describes the communication system in the pattern of soccer games on the humanoid robot R-SCUAD. The communication system is an important part in the game of football. Along with the development of technology, robots are required to play soccer like humans, dribbling, kicking, running and coordinating well with their team. The communication system discussed in this paper is the process of sending and receiving data from one robot to another, assisted by a server. Beginning with robot 1 sending data to the server and forwarded to robot 2 or vice versa. The protocol used for this communication system is User Datagram Protocol (UDP) because UDP has several characteristics that support the occurrence of communication robots such as connection-less and unreliable. These two characteristics strongly support the communication system to be built. The checksum error detection method is a method used to detect errors in the R-SCUAD Robot communication system. The results show that the communication system built on the robot has been successfully implemented. From the test results it can be concluded that the success of the communication system is 98%.
Automatic Liquid Filling in Deep Water Culture Hydroponic System Based on Water Level and TDS Meter Value
Authors: Al Hakam Ahmad Faiz , Puriyanto Riky Dwi
Published: January 2025

Currently, the filling of nutrient fluids for hydroponic systems is still carried out manually or conventionally. In this study, an automatic liquid filling system was made in the DWC hydroponic system based on water level and TDS Meter values. The controlling process uses an Arduino Uno microcontroller. The sensor is used to perform readings of nutrient values using a TDS sensor, for the measurement of water level distances using an ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04. The 16x2 LCD is used to display distance values and TDS values. Meanwhile, to drain nutrient fluids using a 12V pump. The results of this study the system as a whole can carry out the process of filling nutrient fluids automatically when the water level distance is >3.5 cm or the TDS value <700 PPM. Meanwhile, if the water level distance is <3.5 cm and the TDS value is >700 PPM, the pump will turn off. The result of this study was that the ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 got an average error value of 0.12%. TDS sensors get an average error value of 6.02%.
Prototype of Automatic Sorting of Goods in Cosmetics Warehouse
Authors: Muqaffi Siswanto Aliim , Muchlas Muchlas
Published: January 2025

One of the tasks of the warehouse as a vital support unit for the distribution process and inventory of goods is sorting. Especially for cosmetic warehouses. Product sorting in warehouses so far is still done manually which can cause negligence and take time when collecting stored product data. A storage system is the process of placing and acquiring goods and products to and from a specific location within an industrial plant or warehouse. To solve this problem, the warehouse needs an automatic sorting tool. This allows employees to easily record products stored in warehouses without using a large number of staff. The method applied to this tool is microcontroller-based automation which includes hardware design in the form of conveyor design, flow charts, and board layouts. Software design includes listing code, block diagram explanations and system flowcharts. Testing system working tools such as barcode scanning, servo angle, infrared sensor and conveyor. The items used as experimental samples totaled 9 pieces with the categories of facial wash, lipstick, and shampoo. Based on the tests that have been carried out, the prototype of automatic sorting of goods is already working as expected.
Character Translation on Plate Recognition with Intelligence Approaches
Authors: Fathurrahman Haris Imam Karim , Li-Yi Chin
Published: January 2025

In recent years, the number of automobiles in Indonesia has expanded. This rise has a knock-on impact on street crime. On this problem based, a preventative road safety prevention system is required. This research contribution is to develop an efficient algorithm for detecting vehicle license plates. This study's technique incorporates artificial intelligence technology with character translation. Yolov3 and Yolov4 are the artificial intelligence systems employed in this study. The detection of objects in the form of license plates is the result of this approach. In artificial intelligence, object detection results are utilized as input for image processing. The image processing method is used to translate characters. Optical Character Recognition (OCR) is used to decode the characters in the image precisely. The artificial intelligence data training resulted in a 76.53% and 89.55% mean average precision (mAP) level. Using OCR, the system is capable of character translation. These results give an opportunity to develop more complex image-processing applications.
Automatic Dam Gate Monitoring System with Outseal Mega V2 PLC and Haiwell HMI
Authors: Rofix Ahmad Nur , Ma'arif Alfian
Published: January 2025

Dam is a building used by humans as a regulator of water discharge in a river. In the tropics the big role of dams occurs throughout the year. The active role of dams in life is to store water reserves in the summer, as well as reduce the risk of flooding that occurs during the rainy season. This research discusses the process of monitoring a dam using the Outseal Mega V2 PLC as a control device for the entire system supported by an analog module as an analog value reading device (ADC). The ADC value will be obtained through the output voltage from the potentiometer which is used instead of the water level sensor. The ADC value will then be processed by the PLC to make a decision. This research is supported by an HMI interface using Haiwell Cloud Scada Develop software so that machine-human communication can be carried out and real-time monitoring is achieved.
HNIHA: Hybrid Nature-Inspired Imbalance Handling Algorithm to Addressing Imbalanced Datasets for Improved Classification: In Case of Anemia Identification
Authors: Saputra Dimas Chaerul Ekty , Ratnaningsih Tri , Futri Irianna , Muryadi Elvaro Islami , Phann Raksmey , Tun Su Sandi Hla , Caibigan Ritchie Natuan
Published: January 2025

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of three ensemble models designed to handle imbalanced datasets. Each model incorporates the hybrid nature-inspired imbalance handling algorithm (HNIHA) with matthews correlation coefficient and synthetic minority oversampling technique in conjunction with different base classifiers: support vector machine, random forest, and LightGBM. Our focus is to address the challenges posed by imbalanced datasets, emphasizing the balance between sensitivity and specificity. The HNIHA algorithm-guided support vector machine ensemble demonstrated superior performance, achieving an impressive matthews correlation coefficient of 0.8739, showcasing its robustness in balancing true positives and true negatives. The f1-score, precision, and recall metrics further validated its accuracy, precision, and sensitivity, attaining values of 0.9767, 0.9545, and 1.0, respectively. The ensemble demonstrated its ability to minimize prediction errors by minimizing the mean squared error and root mean squared error to 0.0384 and 0.1961, respectively. The HNIHA-guided random forest ensemble and HNIHA-guided LightGBM ensemble also exhibited strong performances.
Advancements in Anode Materials for Cathodic Protection: Nanostructured Alloys, Surface Modifications, and Smart Monitoring
Authors: Yahaya Madaniyyu Sulaiman , Nahar Kapil , Kumar Dinesh , Usman Habib Muhammad , Gambo Abdulhaq Saleh , Umar Tijjani Aminu , Sulaiman Mustapha
Published: January 2025

This review critically examines advancements in anode materials for cathodic protection systems, focusing on overcoming the limitations of traditional materials like magnesium, zinc, aluminum, graphite, lead-silver alloys, and high-silicon cast iron (HSCI). Conventional anode materials, though widely used, face issues such as rapid degradation, high maintenance costs, and environmental harm. Novel materials, including mixed metal oxides (MMO), advanced aluminum-based alloys, nanostructured materials, and conductive polymers, offer superior electrochemical properties, enhanced durability, and improved performance in aggressive environments like seawater. This review also highlights the role of surface modifications and coatings, such as platinum on titanium and ceramic coatings, in boosting corrosion resistance. Moreover, smart monitoring systems, integrated with IoT and SCADA technologies, are explored for their potential to improve the longevity and efficiency of cathodic protection systems. The paper emphasizes the urgent need for sustainable solutions due to the substantial economic and environmental costs of corrosion, particularly in high-risk industries like oil and gas, maritime, and infrastructure. Future research directions, including the development of hybrid systems combining coatings with CP technologies and the application of advanced alloys and nanostructured materials, are proposed to address the long-term performance and ecological impacts of CP systems.