bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrogen‐Bond‐Driven Synergistically Enhanced Hyperpolarizability: Chiral Coordination Polymers with Nonpolar Structures Exhibiting Unusually Strong Second‐Harmonic Generation
Authors: Kee Joonhyuk , Ok Kang Min
Published: June 2021

Four chiral coordination polymers (CPs), M[(S,S)‐C14H14N2O6] and M[(R,R)‐C14H14N2O6] (M=Zn or Cd), have been exclusively synthesized in high yields with the aid of newly designed chiral ligand under hydrothermal condition. The CPs crystallizing in the orthorhombic nonpolar space group, C2221, reveal three‐dimensional framework structures composed of MO4 tetrahedra and the corresponding homochiral linkers. Powder second‐harmonic generation (SHG) measurements indicate that the nonpolar CPs reveal very strong SHG efficiency of ca. 5–9 times that of KH2PO4 and exhibit type‐I phase‐matching behavior. Density functional theory calculations suggest that the unusually large SHG efficiency found from the nonpolar CPs should be attributable to the synergistic effect of polarizable metal cations and enhanced hyperpolarizability in the donor‐acceptor system originating from the hydrogen bonding in the coordinated linkers.
Systematic review and grounded theory as a mixed method to develop a framework for counselling skills competencies
Authors: Luca Maria , Nuttall John , Emilion Jessie , Postings Traci
Published: June 2021

This methodology paper presents how the application of grounded theory (GT) allowed the incorporation of additional data sources from what began as a systematic literature review (SLR) aimed at developing a counselling skills competencies framework for non‐career counsellors who provide counselling in a variety of care settings. This involved inclusion of purposive research material from experts with a wide range of relevant experience and critical input compensating for the limitations of the systematic review. GT provided the necessary analytic steps, and the paper discusses how the application of the constant comparative analysis procedure assured in‐depth analysis of the data from the systematic review, empirical data suggested by expert participants, researcher reflexivity, and critique and feedback from independent experts. Overall, this mixed‐methods approach enabled an expansion of relevant data and led to the construction of a framework for counselling skills organised into five key categories. A core group of practitioners and academics (CG) engaged in open and axial coding, holding in mind the goals of the project. Critical assessment and scrutiny through dialogue and reflection achieved saturation and agreement of the final framework. This meticulous process was inclusive of the views of experts in the field of counselling and led to an integrated framework of counselling skills for individuals in various care settings (nursing homes, NHS and social care services, charitable community projects, etc.). The paper shows that grounded theory allowed expansion of the data field and demonstrates how this approach added rigour and reliability to the developing framework.
Ready Access to Anhydrous Anionic Lanthanide Acetates by Using Imidazolium Acetate Ionic Liquids as the Reaction Medium
Authors: Bousrez Guillaume , Renier Olivier , Kelley Steven P. , Adranno Brando , Tahavori Elnaz , Titi Hatem M. , Smetana Volodymyr , Tang Si‐Fu , Mudring Anja‐Verena , Rogers Robin D.
Published: June 2021

Access to lanthanide acetate coordination compounds is challenged by the tendency of lanthanides to coordinate water and the plethora of acetate coordination modes. A straightforward, reproducible synthetic procedure by treating lanthanide chloride hydrates with defined ratios of the ionic liquid (IL) 1‐ethyl‐3‐methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) has been developed. This reaction pathway leads to two isostructural crystalline anhydrous coordination complexes, the polymeric [C2mim]n[{Ln2(OAc)7}n] and the dimeric [C2mim]2[Ln2(OAc)8], based on the ion size and the ratio of IL used. A reaction with an IL : Ln‐salt ratio of 5 : 1, where Ln=Nd, Sm, and Gd, led exclusively to the polymer, whilst for the heaviest lanthanides (Dy−Lu) the dimer was observed. Reaction with Eu and Tb resulted in a mixture of both polymeric and dimeric forms. When the amount of IL and/or the size of the cation was increased, the reaction led to only the dimeric compound for all the lanthanide series. Crystallographic analyses of the resulting salts revealed three different types of metal‐acetate coordination modes where η2μκ2 is the most represented in both structure types.
Suppressing Dehydroisomerization Boosts n‐Butane Dehydrogenation with High Butadiene Selectivity
Authors: Chu Mingyu , Liu Yu , Gong Jin , Zhang Congyang , Wang Xuchun , Zhong Qixuan , Wu Linzhong , Xu Yong
Published: June 2021

Butadiene (BD) is a critical raw material in chemical industry, which is conventionally produced from naphtha cracking. The fast‐growing demand of BD and the limited oil reserve motivate chemists to develop alternative methods for BD production. Shale gas, which mainly consists of light alkanes, has been considered as cheap raw materials to replace oil for BD production via n‐butane direct dehydrogenation (n‐BDH). However, the quest for highly‐efficient catalysts for n‐BDH is driven by the current drawback of low BD selectivity. Here, we demonstrate a strategy for boosting the selectivity of BD by suppressing dehydroisomerization, an inevitable step in the conventional n‐BDH process which largely reduces the selectivity of BD. Detailed investigations show that the addition of alkali‐earth metals (e. g., Mg and Ca) into Pt‐Ga2O3/S10 catalysts increases Pt dispersity, suppresses coke deposition and dehydroisomerization, and thus leads to the significant increase of BD selectivity. The optimized catalyst displays an initial BD selectivity of 34.7 % at a n‐butane conversion of 82.1 % at 625 °C, which outperforms the reported catalysts in literatures. This work not only provides efficient catalysts for BD production via n‐BDH, but also promotes the researches on catalyst design in heterogeneous catalysis.
Dihydroazulene‐Azobenzene‐Dihydroazulene Triad Photoswitches
Authors: Mengots Alvis , Erbs Hillers‐Bendtsen Andreas , Doria Sandra , Ørsted Kjeldal Frederik , Machholdt Høyer Nicolai , Ugleholdt Petersen Anne , Mikkelsen Kurt V. , Di Donato Mariangela , Cacciarini Martina , Brøndsted Nielsen Mogens
Published: June 2021

Photoswitch triads comprising two dihydroazulene (DHA) units in conjugation with a central trans‐azobenzene (AZB) unit were prepared in stepwise protocols starting from meta‐ and para‐disubstituted azobenzenes. The para‐connected triad had significantly altered optical properties and lacked the photoactivity of the separate photochromes. In contrast, for the meta‐connected triad, all three photochromes could be photoisomerized to generate an isomer with two vinylheptafulvene (VHF) units and a cis‐azobenzene unit. Ultrafast spectroscopy of the photoisomerizations revealed a fast DHA‐to‐VHF photoisomerization and a slower trans‐to‐cis AZB photoisomerization. This meta triad underwent thermal VHF‐to‐DHA back‐conversion with a similar rate of all VHFs, independent of the identity of the neighboring units, and in parallel thermal cis‐to‐trans AZB conversion. The experimental observations were supported by computation (excitation spectra and orbital analysis of the transitions).
Total Synthesis of (+)‐Erogorgiaene and the Pseudopterosin A−F Aglycone via Enantioselective Cobalt‐Catalyzed Hydrovinylation
Authors: Movahhed Sohajl , Westphal Julia , Kempa Alexander , Schumacher Christian Eric , Sperlich Julia , Neudörfl Jörg‐Martin , Teusch Nicole , Hochgürtel Matthias , Schmalz Hans‐Günther
Published: June 2021

Due to their pronounced bioactivity and limited availability from natural resources, metabolites of the soft coral Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae, such as erogorgiaene and the pseudopterosines, represent important target molecules for chemical synthesis. We have now developed a particularly short and efficient route towards these marine diterpenes exploiting an operationally convenient enantioselective cobalt‐catalyzed hydrovinylation as the chirogenic step. Other noteworthy C−C bond forming transformations include diastereoselective Lewis acid‐mediated cyclizations, a Suzuki coupling and a carbonyl ene reaction. Starting from 4‐methyl‐styrene the anti‐tubercular agent (+)‐erogorgiaene (>98 % ee) was prepared in only 7 steps with 46 % overall yield. In addition, the synthesis of the pseudopterosin A aglycone was achieved in 12 steps with 30 % overall yield and, surprisingly, was found to exhibit a similar anti‐inflammatory activity (inhibition of LPS‐induced NF‐κB activation) as a natural mixture of pseudopterosins A−D or iso‐pseudopterosin A, prepared by β‐D‐xylosylation of the synthetic aglycone.
Proposing a digital identity management framework: A mixed‐method approach
Authors: Rasouli Hatef , Valmohammadi Changiz , Azad Naser , Abbaspour Esfeden Ghanbar
Published: June 2021

This research aims to study the most critical elements of digital identity management to recognize the pattern and the requirements of their use and implementation. Further, an attempt is made to identify and prioritize the criteria and their relevant indicators of digital identity management in the form of a comprehensive framework. To this end a fuzzy multicriteria decision‐making approach was utilized. The framework focuses on a comprehensive perspective to consider digital identity and deals with compiling strategies and operational patterns based on the defined priorities. This applied research with a fundamental approach has a descriptive‐explanatory method as well. Through an in depth‐review of the extant literature and designing an instrument as well as semi‐structure interview the necessary data were collected. The research population consists of 10 experts. By reviewing the theoretical literature of the research, effective factors were identified and screened by the Fuzzy Delphi method leading to six main factors and 31 subfactors. Then, the collected data were analyzed through a hybrid technique known as FDANP (Fuzzy DEMATEL‐ANP) to determine the interactions between the factors and the subfactors and to weigh and prioritize them. The obtained results revealed that “strategic planning” is the most influential factor in digital identity management. Also, the subfactors namely “The use of the maturity model of digital identity management,” “commitment to the whole organization,” “integrity of digital identity management system with other systems,” “integrity of digital identity management program,” and “integrity of the two dimensions of identity management and access management” were ranked as the most influential subfactors of “strategic planning,” respectively. “Access management” was the most permeable factor in digital identity management. It means that this factor is the main problem and could be solved with the help of the influential factors. In addition, subfactors: “Access control to all resources only through the digital identity management system,” “Solution for access management of premium accounts,” “Multi‐factor authentication support,” “Access policy to all resources and information,” and “Determination of the manner of the user access to resources outside the organization” were ranked as the most permeable subfactors.
Feature interaction based online streaming feature selection via buffer mechanism
Authors: Lv Yan , Lin Yaojin , Chen Xiangyan , Wang Chenxi , Li Shaozi
Published: June 2021

Feature selection is a nontrivial preprocessing technique in many practical application domains. There are three key challenges with respect to real‐world data. Firstly, the dimensionality of data keeps growing and will achieve hundreds of millions. Secondly, the data has the characteristic of high‐dimensional and small‐size. Thirdly, practical applications need to process each feature in an online manner. However, most of the previous methods only pay much attention to solving the challenges of high dimensionality and online stream. To address all issues above, we propose OFSI, in this article, an nline streaming eature election based on feature nteraction method for feature selection. OFSI can effectively select the streaming features that are strongly related to each other in high‐dimensional and small‐size data, via using feature interaction. Furthermore, to address upcoming features that arrive by groups, we present a new group‐OFSI algorithm for online group feature selection. An extensive experiment using a series of benchmark data sets shows that the proposed two algorithms, OFSI and group‐OFSI, outperform six state‐of‐the‐art online streaming feature selection methods.
Best of the world or better for the world? A systematic literature review on benefit corporations and certified B corporations contribution to sustainable development
Authors: Kirst Ronald Weber , Borchardt Miriam , de Carvalho Maurício Nunes Macedo , Pereira Giancarlo Medeiros
Published: June 2021

Benefit corporations (BCs) and certified benefit corporations (B Corps) are organizations committed, beyond profit, to leveraging positive environmental and social impacts. Considering their potential contributions to corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainable development, they have received growing attention in the academic literature. To date, no study has carried out a systematic literature review (SLR) and discussed the state of the art of BC and B Corp management research. Through a SLR, this study aims to systematize the scientific knowledge related to BCs and B Corps. Sixty‐five papers have been identified, classified, and analyzed in thematic groups (legal model and governance, entrepreneurial journey, external environment, performance). Two distinct periods of publication have been identified. The first encompasses papers about BCs focused on legal model and governance; the second presents studies about B Corps within the other research themes through various lenses, such as CSR and sustainable business models. This SLR proposes further avenues of research, implications for organizations and policy makers.
Eating disorders and the risk of esophageal and stomachcancers‐Anationwide, population‐based cohort study in Taiwan
Authors: Yeh Hui‐Wen , Chien Wu‐Chien , Chung Chi‐Hsiang , Chang Hsin‐An , Kao Yu‐Chen , Tzeng Nian‐Sheng
Published: June 2021

Background

Previous studies have shown elevated cancer risk in anorexia nervosa but the literature on other eating disorders (EDs) is scarce. This study aimed to investigate the association between all EDs and esophageal, stomach, and other cancers.

Methods

We used a retrospective cohort design, based on a two‐million randomized longitudinal health insurance dataset, a sub‐dataset of Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. From all the potential participants aged 20 years or more, a total of 6,628 participants were enrolled, including 1,657 patients with EDs, with sex‐, age‐, and indexed date‐matched (1:3) 4,971 controls. Each participant was individually tracked from 2000 to 2015 to identify incident cases of cancers, including esophageal cancer (EC), stomach cancer (SC), and all other cancers (AOC). The multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was employed to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the association between EDs and cancer.

Results

Of the total 6,628 enrollees, 222 in 1,657 individuals with EDs and 810 in the 4,971 non‐ED control individuals developed cancer (1,262.40 vs. 1,472.15 per 100,000 person‐years), and the Kaplan–Meier survival analysis was not statistically significant (log‐rank,p = .324). However, after adjusting for covariates, the risk of EC and SC among the individuals with an ED was significantly higher, with adjusted HRs of 5.32 (95% CI: 1.07–26.49,p < .001) and 4.61 (95% CI: 1.91–11.14,p < .001), respectively. EDs were not associated with other cancers.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence for the association between EDs and the risk for EC and SC. Further research on mechanisms and prevention is therefore needed.
Homodinuclear Complexes of [Cu(dppf)]+ or [Ru(bpy)2]2+ with 1,4‐Bis(camphorquinoneimino)benzene (bcqb) as a Redox‐Active Bridging Ligand
Authors: Filippou Vasileios , Bubrin Martina , Fiedler Jan , Kaim Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

The product μ‐bcqb from the reaction between p‐phenylenediamine and two equivalents of camphorquinone has been used as a potentially conjugated molecular bridge between two complex fragments [Cu(dppf)]+, dppf=1,1‘‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene, to yield 12+, and between two [Ru(bpy)2]2+ moieties, resulting in 24+. The molecular structure of 1(BF4)2 shows an intramolecular Cu−Cu distance of 8.04 Å and a torsionally twisted conformation of the bridge, while cyclic voltammetry, EPR, IR and UV‐vis‐NIR spectroelectrochemistry reveal two closely spaced one‐electron reductions and a ferrocene‐based two‐electron oxidation. Compound 2(PF6)4 exhibits at least three one‐electron reduction waves and one 2e‐oxidation, the former attributed to μ‐bcqb and the latter assigned to metal‐based processes showing no evidence for a Ru−Ru mixed‐valent intermediate. However, intra‐ligand based mixed valency with intense LLIVCT absorptions in the near infrared was observed for the metal coordinated μ‐bcqb.− and μ‐bcqb.3− bridges. The two examples 1n+ and 2n+ illustrate that a combination of physical methods is advantageous to analyze and define the correct electronic structures in complexes involving several metal centers and noninnocent ligand components.
Information and cooperation in preventive health behavior: The case of bed net use in rural Kenya
Authors: Gatua Josephine G.
Published: June 2021

This paper assesses whether providing people with information on the public benefits of bed net use, and on other people's bed net use, changes their bed net use behavior. I use a survey experiment from rural Kenya, where randomly selected households are provided with information on the public benefits generated by bed net use, and on the consequences of an individual's own bed net use on the health of the immediate neighbor. The results show that information increased willingness to use bed nets, and that people are more willing to use bed nets when they know other people are using them as well. Results are robust to the inclusion of a broad set of controls, including risk aversion; number of household members to have suffered from malaria in the past 12 months; and number of children in the household who are below five years age. Overall, these results suggest that in addition to free distribution of bed nets, informing people on the private and public benefits of bed net use could potentially save many more lives.
Avoiding pitfalls: Key insights and lessons learnt from customizing and rolling out a national web‐based system in Tanzania
Authors: Sukums Felix , Simba Daudi , Kumalija Claud , Asiimwe Sarah , Pothepragada Sai , Githendu Patrick
Published: June 2021

Tanzania is among the first countries to adopt District Health Information System version 2 (DHIS2) as the national health management information system (HMIS). In this article, we share experiences on achievements and challenges encountered in the process of customizing and rolling out the DHIS2 in Tanzania. This instrumental case study was conducted using a qualitative approach involving desk reviews, key informant interviews, and field observations. Tanzania successfully adopted the DHIS2 as evidenced by innovation of new apps; improving availability of quality data and enhancing data analysis. These achievements were attributed to inbuilt system strengths that provided the necessary flexibility for customization; the use of local experts to customize and maintain the system; cascaded training; and formation of a consortium to coordinate and support the rollout process. Prior existence of a robust paper‐based HMIS and lessons from other countries' experience favored smooth transition. However, several challenges hindered the DHIS2 implementation including donor dependency and ineffective cascade training that left many users untrained. Countries envisaging to adopt the DHIS2 need to consider the use of cost‐effective training approaches to accommodate all users including the use of champions to conduct on‐the‐job training, support, and mentoring.
Hydrogen sulfide alleviates apoptosis and autophagy induced by beryllium sulfate in 16HBE cells
Authors: Liu Yan‐ping , Yuan Xiao‐yan , Li Xun‐ya , Wang Ye , Sun Zhan‐bing , Deng Wei‐hua , Lei Yuan‐di , Huang Lian , Jiang Tian‐yi , Zhang Zhao‐hui
Published: June 2021

Beryllium and its compounds are systemic toxicants that are widely applied in many industries. Hydrogen sulfide has been found to protect cells. The present study aimed to determine the protective mechanisms involved in hydrogen sulfide treatment of 16HBE cells following beryllium sulfate‐induced injury. 16HBE cells were treated with beryllium sulfate doses ranging between 0 and 300 μM BeSO4. Additionally, 16HBE cells were subjected to pretreatment with either a 300 μM dose of sodium hydrosulfide (a hydrogen sulfide donor) or 10 mM DL‐propargylglycine (a cystathionine‐γ‐lyase inhibitor) for 6 hr before then being treated with 150 μM beryllium sulfate for 48 hr. This study illustrates that beryllium sulfate induces a reduction in cell viability, increases lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, and increases cellular apoptosis and autophagy in 16HBE cells. Interestingly, pretreating 16HBE cells with sodium hydrosulfide significantly reduced the beryllium sulfate‐induced apoptosis and autophagy. Moreover, it increased the mitochondrial membrane potential and alleviated the G2/M‐phase cell cycle arrest. However, pretreatment with 10 mM DL‐propargylglycine promoted the opposite effects. PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways are also activated following pretreatment with sodium hydrosulfide. These results indicate the protection provided by hydrogen sulfide in 16HBE cells against beryllium sulfate‐induced injury is associated with the inhibition of apoptosis and autophagy through the activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR and Nrf2/ARE signaling pathways. Therefore, hydrogen sulfide has the potential to be a promising candidate in the treatment against beryllium disease.
Efficient synthesis of some V‐shaped methylene‐bridged compounds via regioselective condensation
Authors: Zonouzi Afsaneh , Hosseinzadeh Fatemeh , Dehdari Shahrzad , Abbasi Alireza , Ng Seik Weng
Published: June 2021

A number of new stable methanobenzo[7,8][1,3] dioxocino[4,5‐d]pyrimidine‐1,3(2H)‐dione derivatives (4a‐l) were synthesized using a simple one‐pot procedure with considerable efficiency. Reaction parameters were further optimized in order to achieve a single‐product procedure. Plausible routes for reaction progress were investigated and it was proved that the reaction goes through regioselective condensation yielding an interesting V‐shaped structure. Spectral data of all products under study were used to elucidate the chemical structure and X‐ray structure analysis was performed to unambiguously prove the proposed structure for 4c.
Hsa_circ_0031787 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in colorectal cancer
Authors: Luo Min , Peng Tianshu , Lin Renjing , Gu Liyao , He Yongheng
Published: June 2021

Objective

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been found to be involved in regulating tumor development. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNA in colorectal cancer (CRC) development remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of hsa_circ_0031787 on CRC.a

Methods

Aberrant circRNA expression was explored by the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, and hsa_circ_0031787 was selected for further study. Hsa_circ_0031787 expression was determined in CRC tissues and cell lines by qRT‐PCR. Cell proliferation was measured by Edu and colony formation assays. Cell invasion was tested by Transwell assays.

Results

Hsa_circ_0031787 expression levels in CRC were significantly increased and correlated with advanced TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in CRC patients. Functional assays showed that hsa_circ_0031787 suppression reduced CRC cell proliferation and invasion in vitro and reduced tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0031787 suppression reduced activation of the Wnt/β‐catenin axis in CRC.

Conclusions

Our results showed that hsa_circ_0031787 may function as an oncogenic circRNA in CRC progression, thus providing a new potential therapeutic target.
Effect of obligation to help on positive affect: Comparing Japan, Romania, and the United States
Authors: Gherghel Claudia , Nastas Dorin
Published: June 2021

Culture shapes the experience of obligation. Comparing participants from three countries with different cultural backgrounds, this study investigated the effect of obligation to help on positive affect and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. Adult participants from Japan, Romania, and the United States recalled either a situation in which they helped spontaneously, without being directly requested to do so (agentic help), or a situation in which they felt obligated to respond to a direct request for help (obligated help). The results revealed that obligation reduced benefactors' positive affect, but less so in Japan. The effect of obligation on satisfaction of basic psychological needs did not differ by culture. The results suggest that obligation to help may have less detrimental effects on positive affect in countries such as Japan, where social expectations to help are more fully internalized.
Nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs prevent gastric cancer associated with the use of proton pump inhibitors after Helicobacter pylori eradication
Authors: Arai Junya , Niikura Ryota , Hayakawa Yoku , Sato Hiroki , Kawahara Takuya , Honda Tetsuro , Hasatani Kenkei , Yoshida Naohiro , Nishida Tsutomu , Sumiyoshi Tetsuya , Kiyotoki Shu , Ikeya Takashi , Arai Masahiro , Suzuki Nobumi , Tsuji Yosuke , Yamada Atsuo , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: June 2021

Background and Aim

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are a potential cause of gastric carcinogenesis after Helicobacter pylori eradication. Thus, appropriate management including chemoprevention is required. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and the incidence of post‐eradication gastric cancer in PPI users.

Methods

A multicenter retrospective cohort study was conducted. Patients who used a PPI (≥30 days) after H. pylori eradication between 2014 and 2019 were analyzed in nine hospital databases. Gastric cancer incidence was a primary outcome, and their association with NSAIDs use and clinical factors was evaluated. Hazard ratios were adjusted by age, sex, smoking, and Charlson Comorbidity Index.

Results

During the mean follow‐up period of 2.38 years, 1.13% (31/2431) of all patients developed gastric cancer. The cumulative incidence of gastric cancer in PPI users was 0.25% at 1 year, 0.51% at 3 years, and 1.09% at 5 years in the NSAID users and 0.89% at 1 year, 2.32% at 3 years, and 3.61% at 5 years in nonusers. NSAIDs were associated with a lower gastric cancer risk (adjusted hazard ratio = 0.28, P = 0.005). No gastric cancer was observed in the cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor users (n = 256). NSAID use with high dose and long duration was significantly associated with a lower incidence of gastric cancer.

Conclusion

NSAIDs were associated with a 60% decrease in the gastric cancer incidence in H. pylori‐eradicated PPI users, with dose and duration response effects. NSAIDs may be effective for chemoprevention against PPI‐related gastric cancer.
Spin Hall Effect under Arbitrarily Polarized or Unpolarized Light
Authors: Kim Minkyung , Lee Dasol , Rho Junsuk
Published: June 2021

The spin Hall effect of light (SHEL), which refers to a spin‐dependent and transverse splitting of refraction and reflection phenomena, inherently depends on the polarization states of incidence. Most previous research has focused on horizontally or vertically polarized incidence, in which the analytic expressions of the shift are well‐formulated and the SHEL appears symmetrically in both shift and intensity. However, the SHEL under arbitrarily polarized or unpolarized incidence has remained largely unexplored. Here, it is proved analytically and numerically that the SHEL is independent of the incident polarization and is symmetrical in shift if the two linear polarization states have the same Fresnel coefficients. Moreover, under an unpolarized incidence composed of a large number of completely random polarization states, the reflected beam is split in half into two circularly polarized components that undergo the same amount of splitting but in opposite directions. This result demonstrates that under unpolarized incidence, the SHEL occurs exactly as it does under horizontally or vertically polarized incidence. It is believed that the incident‐polarization‐independent SHEL can broaden the applicability of the SHEL to cover optical systems in which the polarization is unspecified.
The far‐field behaviour of Green's function for a triangular lattice and radiation conditions
Authors: Kapanadze David
Published: June 2021

We consider the Helmholtz equation (Δd  +  k2)u  =   f on the triangular lattice, where Δd is the discrete Laplacian, f has finite support, and wave number k belongs to the pass‐band. Using the limiting absorption principle, we derive the discrete analogue of the Sommerfeld radiation condition for all values of
. It turns out that this condition is anisotropic and depends on the value of k. We introduce the notion of a radiating solution and prove the unique solvability result.
Clinical Outcomes and Racial Disparities in Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer in the Era of Novel Treatment Options
Authors: Smith Katherine Emilie Rhoades , Brown Jacqueline Theresa , Wan Limeng , Liu Yuan , Russler Greta , Yantorni Lauren , Caulfield Sarah , Lafollette Jennifer , Moore Melvin , Kucuk Omer , Carthon Bradley , Nazha Bassel , Bilen Mehmet Asim
Published: June 2021

Background

Docetaxel (DOC) and abiraterone (ABI) in the upfront setting have separately improved clinical outcomes for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC), but there are no studies comparing drug efficacies or the influence of racial disparities.

Materials and Methods

We performed a retrospective multicenter review from Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University and Georgia Cancer Center for Excellence at Grady Memorial Hospital (2014–2020) for patients with mHSPC treated with either upfront DOC or ABI. Outcomes evaluated were overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and prostate-specific antigen complete response (PSA CR).

Results

A total of 168 patients were included, consisting of 92 (54.8%) Black patients and 76 (45.2%) non-Black patients (69 White and 7 Asian or Hispanic). Ninety-four (56%) received DOC and 74 (44%) received ABI. Median follow-up time was 22.8 months with data last reviewed June 2020. For OS, there was no significant difference between ABI versus DOC and Black versus non-Black patients. For PFS, DOC was associated with hazard ratio (HR) 1.7 compared with ABI for all patients based on univariate association and HR 2.27 compared with ABI for Black patients on multivariable analysis. For PSA CR, Black patients were less likely to have a CR (odds ratio [OR] = 0.27).

Conclusion

ABI and DOC have similar OS with a trend toward better PFS for ABI in a cohort composed of 54% Black patients. Racial disparities were observed as prolonged PFS for Black patients treated with ABI, more so compared with all patients, and less PSA CR for Black patients. A prospective trial comparing available upfront therapies in a diverse racial population is needed to help guide clinical decision-making in the era of novel treatment options.

Implications for Practice

Overall survival is similar for abiraterone and docetaxel when used as upfront therapy in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer in a cohort composed of 54% Black patients. There is a trend towards improved progression-free survival for abiraterone in all patients and Black patients. Non-Black patients were more likely to achieve prostate-specific antigen (PSA) complete response regardless of upfront therapy.
Statistical properties of linear Majorana fermions
Authors: Lima Francisco Cleiton E. , Moreira Allan R. P. , Machado Laura E. S. , Almeida Carlos Alberto S.
Published: June 2021

A Majorana fermion is the single fermionic particle that is its own antiparticle. Its dynamics is determined by the Majorana equation, where the spinor field is by definition equal to its charge‐conjugate field. In this paper, we investigated Shannon's entropy of linear Majorana fermions to understand how this quantity is modified due to an external potential of the linear type linear. Subsequently, we turn our attention to the construction of an ensemble of these Majorana particles to study the thermodynamic properties of the model. Finally, we show how Shannon's entropy and thermodynamic properties are modified under the linear potential action.
Recharge site assessment through the integration of surface geophysics and cone penetrometer testing
Authors: Goebel Meredith , Knight Rosemary
Published: June 2021

The ability to identify, at potential managed aquifer recharge sites, the presence of connected pathways of hydraulically conductive sediments from the ground surface to the water table could help minimize costs and risks associated with recharge operations. A spatially dense dataset had previously been acquired in an almond [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D.A. Webb] grove in Tulare, CA, using tTEM, a towed transient electromagnetic (tTEM) geophysical method. In order to interpret reliable information about sediment type from the tTEM data, a transform from the tTEM‐derived property, electrical resistivity, to sediment type is required. The uncertainty associated with derived models of sediment type can be significantly reduced if a site‐ and dataset‐specific transform is used. Cone penetrometer testing (CPT) was conducted at five locations, strategically selected based on a review of the tTEM data. Co‐located measurements of sediment type, derived from the CPT, and electrical resistivity, derived from the tTEM data, were used to create a resistivity‐to‐sediment‐type transform, with sediment type classified as either coarse‐grain‐dominated (sand and gravel) or fine‐grain‐dominated (silt and clay) material. The transform captured the uncertainty associated with variable water salinity and content, the resolution of the tTEM data, and other components of the tTEM measurement workflow. Using this transform, models of sediment type were generated for the unsaturated zone at the site. Within these models are features, which we interpret as potential recharge pathways, corresponding to high fractions of coarse‐grain‐dominated material amongst regions of fine‐grain‐dominated material. The workflow developed at this site can provide a framework for using tTEM and CPT for recharge site assessment.
Nimble Nationalism: Transgenerational Experiences of East Karelian Refugees in Finland and Sweden
Authors: Jalagin Seija
Published: June 2021

Looking at the relationship of experiences and memory Jalagin discusses the significance of the nation for a minority of a minority. Focusing on Soviet Karelian refugees who sought asylum first in interwar Finland and then in post-World War II Sweden, the chapter explores family histories as presented by government authorities in archival documents as well as in written and oral history narratives. Jalagin argues that the nation-state dominated the national experience because the refugees were meticulously controlled by government immigration policies and practices. While considering Sweden their home country, the refugees emotionally tended to identify with the Finnish migrant community in Sweden. Their sense of Finnishness testifies to flexible nationalism, making the nation-state an ambivalent, yet important element in their life.
Nocturnal Nation: Violence and the Nation in Dreams during and after World War II
Authors: Kivimäki Ville
Published: June 2021

This chapter shows how nationally framed war experiences occupied and shaped Finnish dreams during and after World War II. By studying written dream reminiscences from the 1980s and a war veteran survey from 1999 to 2000, Kivimäki analyzes how the war nationalized the most private spheres of life. Civilians’ war dreams were more symbolic than those of soldiers, which were characterized rather by a relentless reenactment of traumatic experiences. War-related dreams had an impact on people’s nightlife long after the war was over. Yet the frequency and content of war-related dreams changed over time, and sometimes the dreams themselves could become a site of relief from recurrent nightmares.
National Sentiment: Nation Building and Emotional Language in Nineteenth-Century Finland
Authors: Marjanen Jani
Published: June 2021

During the course of the late eighteenth century and the early nineteenth century, the term “national sentiment” was coined and subsequently established in several European languages. The emergence of the term in several different languages at roughly the same time is indicative of changes both in the experiences of nationhood and of emotion. This chapter explores the development of the term “national sentiment” in Finnish public discourse and argues that it was transformed during the course of the nineteenth century. Early in the century, it denoted an individualistic feeling that romantic intellectuals hoped people would turn to, whereas it later became a description of a collective emotion. It was used to describe the atmosphere among one of the nationalities in Finland in particular, or the Russian empire in general. In this process, the term became more restrictive and lost its links to performing emotions relating to the nation.
Personal Nationalism in a Marital Relationship: Emotive and Gendering Construction of National Experience in Romantic Correspondence
Authors: Eiranen Reetta
Published: June 2021

The chapter shows the interconnectedness of nationalism with the construction of the self and close relationships by studying the romantic correspondence of a Finnish nationalist couple in the mid-nineteenth century. Eiranen analyzes personal nationalism by looking at how nationalism was incorporated in the self-narrations of the letters and identifies emotions and gender as central elements in the construction of the national experience. The nationally interpreted male and female ideals formed the basis for the emotional relationship. The cause required gendered sacrifices, partly contradictory to the stereotypes: the man cast himself as an emotional national hero, the woman had to exercise stronger emotional control for his benefit. The chapter argues that the power of nationalism lay in its tight connection to profound, personally experienced meanings and motivations.
Divided Nation on Records: The Transnational Formation of Finnish Popular Music During the Gramophone Fever
Authors: Tikka Marko , Suodenjoki Sami
Published: June 2021

Tikka and Suodenjoki explore how imported gramophone records shaped the idea of Finnish popular music and thereby fed the experiences of the nation among Finnish consumers in the late 1920s. They focus on Finnish-American records, which were imported to Finland by transnational agents during the so-called gramophone fever. As these records reached consumers, they tapped into experience communities that were based on the deep political divides of the newly independent nation-state, which had witnessed a Civil War in 1918. In a very short period of time, modern popular music, played and danced to in homes and public spaces, became a key means by which people lived out the nation and its class-based demarcations in their everyday practices.
On the planar limit of 3d $$ {\mathrm{T}}_{\rho}^{\sigma}\left[\mathrm{SU}\left(\mathrm{N}\right)\right] $$
Authors: Coccia Lorenzo , Uhlemann Christoph F.
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We discuss a limit of 3d $$ {T}_{\rho}^{\sigma}\left[\mathrm{SU}(N)\right] $$

T
ρ
σ

SU

N

quiver gauge theories in which the number of nodes is large and the ranks scale quadratically with the length of the quiver. The sphere free energies and topologically twisted indices are obtained using supersymmetric localization. Both scale quartically with the length of the quiver and quadratically with N, with trilogarithm functions depending on the quiver data as coefficients. The IR SCFTs have well-behaved supergravity duals in Type IIB, and the free energies match precisely with holographic results. Previously discussed theories with N2 ln N scaling arise as limiting cases. Each balanced 3d quiver theory is linked to a 5d parent, whose matrix model is related and dominated by the same saddle point, leading to close relations between BPS observables.
Multifocality and Progression of Papillary Thyroid Microcarcinoma During Active Surveillance
Authors: Nagaoka Ryuta , Ebina Aya , Toda Kazuhisa , Jikuzono Tomoo , Saitou Marie , Sen Masaomi , Kazusaka Hiroko , Matsui Mami , Yamada Keiko , Mitani Hiroki , Sugitani Iwao
Published: June 2021

Background

Prospective trials of active surveillance (AS) have shown low rates of progression in low‐risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC; T1aN0M0). However, the significance of multifocality as a prognostic factor remains controversial.

Methods

Data from 571 patients (mean age, 53.1 years; 495 females) who underwent AS were reviewed. PTMC was unifocal in 457 patients (80.0%) and multifocal in 114 patients (20.0%), with 2–5 lesions each (261 tumors in total). Tumor progression was defined as tumor size enlargement ≥ 3 mm and/or development of clinically evident lymph node metastasis (LNM).

Results

After a mean duration of AS of 7.6 years, 53 patients (9.3%) showed tumor enlargement and 8 patients (1.4%) developed LNM. The 10‐year progression rate was 13.1%. Age, sex, and calcification pattern did not differ significantly between uni‐ and multifocal diseases. However, anti‐thyroglobulin antibody and/or anti‐thyroid peroxidase antibody was more frequently positive with multifocal PTMCs (46.7%) than with unifocal disease (34.4%, p = 0.024). Patients with uni‐ and multifocal disease showed no significant differences in 10‐year rate of tumor enlargement (11.4% vs. 14.8%), LNM development (1.1% vs. 2.4%), or progression (12.4% vs 15.9%). Multivariate analysis of predictors for progression showed multifocality was not a significant risk factor (odds ratio, 1.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.79–2.54; p = 0.22). Eventually, 9 patients (7.9%) with multifocal PTMCs underwent surgery and 7 needed total thyroidectomy, although 7 still showed T1N0M0 low‐risk cancer.

Conclusions

Even patients with multiple PTMCs (T1amN0M0) are good candidates for AS. Many patients can avoid total thyroidectomy and subsequent surgical complications.
Muskuloskeletale Erkrankungen und die kraniomandibuläre Dysfunktion – eine mögliche Ursache für nichterholsamen Schlaf
Authors: Losert-Bruggner Brigitte , Hülse Manfred , Hülse Roland
Published: June 2021

Methode

Kiefer- und Kopfgelenke bilden eine kybernetische Einheit. Ziel dieser Studie ist es, mögliche Zusammenhänge zwischen schlechtem Schlaf und der kraniozervikalen (CCD) bzw. kraniomandibulären Dysfunktion (CMD) zu ermitteln.

Ergebnisse

Von den 606 untersuchten CMD-CCD-Patienten mit schlechtem Schlaf waren 65,4 % der Patienten weiblich, 34,6 % männlich; 90,3 % erfüllten zusätzlich die diagnostischen Kriterien des Fibromyalgiesyndroms der Arbeitsgemeinschaft der Wissenschaftlichen Medizinischen Fachgesellschaften. Durch die synchrone Therapie der CMD bzw. CCD und der funktionellen Wirbelsäulenstörungen konnten bei 85 % der bislang therapieresistenten CMD-CCD-Patienten mit schlechtem Schlaf eine gute Besserung der Beschwerden im Körper und bei 81,5 % eine gute Schlafbesserung erzielt werden.

Diskussion

Die CMD/CCD kann als Folge chronischer Schmerzen auftreten. Umgekehrt kann eine CMD/CCD auch eine muskuloskeletale Störung hervorrufen oder unterhalten. Chronische Schmerzen können den Schlaf stören. Bei der Diagnose und Behandlung von Schlafstörungen muss auch auf eine CMD/CCD hin untersucht und diese ggf. mitbehandelt werden.
A quasi-monolithic phase-field description for mixed-mode fracture using predictor–corrector mesh adaptivity
Authors: Fan Meng , Jin Yan , Wick Thomas
Published: June 2021

In this work, we develop a mixed-mode phase-field fracture model employing a parallel-adaptive quasi-monolithic framework. In nature, failure of rocks and rock-like materials is usually accompanied by the propagation of mixed-mode fractures. To address this aspect, some recent studies have incorporated mixed-mode fracture propagation criteria to classical phase-field fracture models, and new energy splitting methods were proposed to split the total crack driving energy into mode-I and mode-II parts. As extension in this work, a splitting method for masonry-like materials is modified and incorporated into the mixed-mode phase-field fracture model. A robust, accurate and efficient parallel-adaptive quasi-monolithic framework serves as basis for the implementation of our new model. Three numerical tests are carried out, and the results of the new model are compared to those of existing models, demonstrating the numerical robustness and physical soundness of the new model. In total, six models are computationally analyzed and compared.
Prevalence of pain, analgesic self-medication and mental health in German pre-hospital emergency medical service personnel: a nationwide survey pilot-study
Authors: Möckel Luis , Gerhard Angela , Mohr Mara , Armbrust Christoph Immanuel , Möckel Christina
Published: June 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of pain, the extent of analgesics intake and the mental health status of German pre-hospital emergency medical service (EMS) personnel.

Methods

We conducted a nationwide online survey, which consisted of sociodemographic and job-related items, questions on pain and analgesics intake and the short-version of the validated Depression–Anxiety–Stress Scale (DASS-21).

Results

A total of 774 EMS personnel with a mean age of 33.03 (standard error [SE] 0.37) years were included into the final analysis of which 23.77% were female. Pain was reported by 58.64% (454 of 774) of the study participants with 10.72% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.54%; 13.29%) suffering from chronic, 1.68% (95% CI 0.89%; 2.87%) from acute and 46.25% (95% CI 41.49%; 51.30%) from recurrent pain, respectively. Most frequent location of pain was lumbar spine. Analgesics were used by 52.76% (239 of 454) of pre-hospital EMS personnel with pain (acute 76.92% / chronic 69.88% / recurrent 47.90%). Moreover, participants with chronic and recurrent pain indicated significantly higher depression (p ≤ 0.001), anxiety (p ≤ 0.001), and stress (p ≤ 0.001) levels compared to those without pain, respectively.

Conclusion

This study indicates a high prevalence of pain and analgesics usage in participating German pre-hospital EMS personnel and a poorer mental health in those with chronic and recurrent pain. Therefore, disease prevention and health promotion measures are needed to preserve health of pre-hospital EMS personnel.
Two dimensionless parameters and a mechanical analogue for the HKB model of motor coordination
Authors: Cass J. F. , Hogan S. J.
Published: June 2021

The widely cited Haken–Kelso–Bunz (HKB) model of motor coordination is used in an enormous range of applications. In this paper, we show analytically that the weakly damped, weakly coupled HKB model of two oscillators depends on only two dimensionless parameters; the ratio of the linear damping coefficient and the linear coupling coefficient and the ratio of the combined nonlinear damping coefficients and the combined nonlinear coupling coefficients. We illustrate our results with a mechanical analogue. We use our analytic results to predict behaviours in arbitrary parameter regimes and show how this led us to explain and extend recent numerical continuation results of the full HKB model. The key finding is that the HKB model contains a significant amount of behaviour in biologically relevant parameter regimes not yet observed in experiments or numerical simulations. This observation has implications for the development of virtual partner interaction and the human dynamic clamp, and potentially for the HKB model itself.