bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estampa Popular de Vizcaya. La creación plástica como instrumento de acción política
Authors: Cearreta-Innocenti Alice
Published: June 2017

Estampa Popular de Vizcaya se constituyó en los años 1960 como un grupo integrante de la red de artistas antifranquistas Estampa Popular gracias a Agustín Ibarrola, María Francisca Dapena y Dionisio Blanco, todos ellos comprometidos en la lucha contra la dictadura y por las libertades. En este trabajo se estudia la producción de estos artistas durante el corto período de vida del grupo analizando las estampas desde su materialidad. Este tipo de aproximación permite recuperar la capacidad de agencia de la creación artística y valorar cómo afecta a la obra de arte su puesta en valor al transformarse en pieza de museo, así como los procesos de actualización que provocan los nuevos discursos.
Arte en la encrucijada. La recepción de la obra del pintor griego Dimitri Perdikidis (1922-1989) en España
Authors: Fernández Belmonte Miguel
Published: June 2017

En el marco del arte contemporáneo de la segunda mitad del siglo XX, son fundamentales los mecanismos de asimilación y recepción de la obra de aquellos artistas que vivieron, de manera permanente o durante largos períodos de tiempo, como extranjeros en un país distinto al propio. Un caso de especial interés es el de los artistas griegos y en concreto el del pintor Dimitri Perdikidis (1922-1989) que vivió entre 1953 y 1985 en Madrid. El artículo se propone analizar algunos de los aspectos del proceso de integración de su obra en el contexto artístico español teniendo en cuenta su recepción por parte de la crítica.
Apartamentos en la planta desván de "La Pedrera"
Authors: Barba Corsini Francisco Juan
Published: June 2017

El edificio llamado «La Pedrera» empezó a construirse el año 1905 —cuando Gaudí contaba cincuenta y tres años— para los señores Milá, en Barcelona, terminándose en 1910. Es una de las obras más importantes del genial arquitecto, aparte del Templo Expiatorio de la Sagrada Familia.
Puente aligerado sobre el río Storms
Authors: Morandi Riccardo
Published: June 2017

Descripción del puente aligerado, de hormigón armado, construido sobre el río Storms (África del Sur), en arco, de 100,58 m de luz y 20,11 m de flecha, que presenta la particularidad de soportar el tablero por medio de soportes oblicuos y haberse empleado un procedimiento constructivo notable, que se podría incluir en los sistemas de ejecución por medio de autocimbras.
Paso superior con vigas postesadas sobre un aliviadero
Authors: Lin T. Y.
Published: June 2017

Para la construcción del paso superior del aliviadero de la presa de Santa. Felicia (California meridional), se han empleado vigas de hormigón pretensado, prefabricadas en taller, para los dos tramos laterales, y otras, preparadas a pie de obra, de sección en forma de T y postesadas, para salvar el tramo central, de 37,20 m de luz. En este trabajo se describen las principales características de los elementos estructurales que forman el puente para la carretera que cruza el aliviadero de la referida presa y los métodos constructivos empleados.
Plaza de toros en Toulouse
Authors: Barets Jean
Published: June 2017

La plaza de toros de Toulouse ha sido construida en tres meses; tiene una capacidad para 12.500 espectadores; 49,26 m de diámetro interior; 90,05 m de diámetro exterior, y 18,50 m de altura. A excepción de los soportes principales, losas, antepechos nudos, el resto de la estructura se ha prefabricado en taller a pie de obra. En este trabajo se describe la obra, sus características más importantes y los métodos constructivos empleados en su ejecución.
Centrales de preparación y clasificación de áridos
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: June 2017

En este trabajo se exponen una serie de ideas generales sobre la preparación y clasificación en centrales, así como la descripción de uno de los tipos normales de instalaciones de esta naturaleza, que ha sido proyectado por la casa Pioneer Engineering Works, especializada en el estudio y montaje de esta clase de instalaciones.
Transforming Logistics Pricing
Authors: Peck Jr Jeffrey Drue , Gendron Michael S , Black Tera
Published: June 2017

Raw materials and products are moved and created globally through complex supply chains. Within those supply chains, logistics is what enables the goods to move through distribution and to the end consumer. This is what motivates the researchers to examine the logistics portion of the supply chain and attempt to determine the relationship between various market forces and their impact on the cost of logistics. This will be accomplished with transformative analytics techniques, such as multivariate regression modeling, that should enable logistics managers, researchers, and others to better understand the cost of logistics services, and thus impact pricing of goods dependent on those services. In a world where logistics managers rely heavily on “gut feel”, utilizing business intelligence and analytics can better enable decision making.
Personality Traits, Boredom, and Loneliness as Predictors of Facebook Use in On-Campus and Online University Students
Authors: Skues Jason , Williams Ben J. , Wise Lisa
Published: June 2017

This study examined the relationship between individual differences (Big Five personality traits, self-esteem, loneliness, narcissism, shyness, and boredom) and social networking behaviours in two samples of Australian undergraduate students, one enrolled on-campus (n = 93) and another in a completely online (n = 113) version of the same subject. Participants completed an online questionnaire measuring personality traits, psychological variables, and Facebook use. Negative binomial regression models showed that on-campus students with higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, and loneliness tended to have more Facebook friends, however, no significant predictors of number of friends were found for online students. There were no significant predictors of time spent using Facebook per day for either cohort. Contrary to expectations, boredom was not a significant predictor of time spent on Facebook for on-campus students, but the low participation and completion rate for this on-campus group suggests that students high on boredom proneness were unlikely to have completed the survey.
The Impacts of Reactive Aggression and Friendship Quality on Cyberbullying Behaviour
Authors: Ling Kwek Choon , Ling Chow Poh , Zhimin Wang , Hung Kho Kok , Leong Law Hong
Published: June 2017

With the advancement of communication tools, the incident of cyberbullying has become a social issue (Edwina, 2014). Anouk et al. (2014) have developed a Cyclic Process Model with the aims to examine the underlying mechanisms of cyberbullying behavior pertaining to the process how victims become cyberbullies. It examines the interplay between peer victimization, anger/frustration, exposure to antisocial media content and cyberbullying behaviour among the adolescents (Anouk et al., 2014). However, this model does not provide sufficient understanding to what extent the reactive aggression and friendship quality affect the transformation of cyberbullying behaviour from the stage of peer victimization. In addition, there are relatively few investigators who have examined the impacts of reactive aggression and friendship quality to cyberbullying behaviour. The purpose of this research would like to investigate the relationships among the peer victimization, anger/frustration, exposure to social media content, reactive aggression, friendship quality and cyberbullying behaviour. A quantitative research was conducted among the addressed within the age group of 18 to 22 years old that have experienced certain extent of cyberbullying. A total of 520 questionnaires were distributed via judgmental sampling technique. The finding of this research concluded that peer victimization, anger/frustration, exposure to antisocial media content and reactive aggression are the key determinants of cyberbullying behavior. Two mediation effects were discovered in which exposure to antisocial media content mediates the relationship between anger/frustration and cyberbullying behavior as well as reactive aggression mediates the relationship between peer victimization and cyberbullying behavior. However, the study did not support the role of friendship quality in moderating the relationship between anger/frustration and cyberbullying behavior.
Symbiotic Organism Search Algorithm for Optimal Size and Siting of Distributed Generators in Distribution Systems
Authors: Nguyen Tri Phuoc , Dieu Vo Ngoc , Vasant Pandian
Published: June 2017

This paper presents a new approach for solving optimal placement of distributed generation (OPDG) problem in distribution systems for minimizing active power loss. In this research, the loss sensitivity factor is used to identify the optimal locations for installation of DGs and symbiotic organisms search (SOS) is used to find the optimal size of DGs. The proposed SOS approach is defined as symbiotic relationships observed between two organisms in the ecosystem, which does not need control parameters like other meta-heuristic algorithms. The OPDG problem is considered with two different scenarios including Scenario I for DGs installed at candidate buses to supply only active power to the system and Scenario II for same as Scenario I except that DGs are controlled to supply both active and reactive powers at a 0.85 p.f. The effectiveness of the proposed SOS method has been verified on the IEEE 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems. The result comparison from the test systems has indicated that the proposed SOS is effective to obtain the optimal solution for the OPDG problem.
Developing a Framework for Multi-Scale Modeling of the Digital Patient
Authors: Combs Charles Donald
Published: June 2017

The Digital Patient is an analytic platform that has the potential to transform personal and public health care, pharmaceutical and device development, research, and patient and professional education. It is the ultimate Big Data project in healthcare; however, its power will derive not from the volume of data, but from the integration of disparate sources of data into valid and reliable intelligence—about biological processes, social context and treatment efficacy. That integration, in turn, is largely dependent on the evolving theoretical approaches known as systems biology and convergence that lead to the successful meshing of multi-scale models. This paper provides an overview of the digital patient, the domains of systems biology and multi-scale modeling, the evolving efforts to promote convergence and the implications for personalized medicine.
Diabetes-Related Cognitive Decline, a Global Health Issue, and New Treatments Approaches
Authors: Novak Vera , Gomez Federico , Dias Alexandre Campos , Pimentel Daniela A , Alfaro Freddy J
Published: June 2017

The epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is spreading around the globe and challenging the unprecedented success of health sciences in increasing longevity. T2DM has been linked to accelerated brain aging, functional decline in older adults and dementia. Brain insulin resistance and glycemic variability are potential mechanisms underlying T2DM-related brain damage and cognitive decline. Intranasal insulin therapy has emerged as a potential new treatment for T2DM-related cognitive impairment. Wearable technologies now allow better monitoring of behaviors and glycemic levels over several days and deliver real time feedback that can be used to improve self-management and lead to new prevention strategies and therapies for T2DM complications.
Programming Global Strategy to Maximize Net Income Modeling Legal Conditions and Corporate Values
Authors: Trigos Federico , López Eduardo Manuel
Published: June 2017

Planning has always been a challenge for managers and decision makers. In particular, if the manufacturing facilities are located in several countries, significant differences in tax and legal requirements have to be taken into consideration during the process. Corporate policies regarding profit sharing schemes will also play a role in final income. This work proposes a production planning systematic approach based on mathematical programming models applied to income statements in order to allocate production for the next operating period of time taking into account the mathematical modeling of corporate ethics, principles and values. Several manufacturing facilities located in different countries have to produce forecasted demand of a number of families of products, each of which can only be manufactured in a reduced subset of all the manufacturing plants. This production assignment process seeks to maximize corporate net income while complying with local regulations and corporate policies. Investors will find models useful for evaluating new plant and product allocation schemes.
Evaluating Student Perceptions in Peer to Peer Learning and Assessment Practices in Design Based Learning Environment
Authors: Polishetty Ashwin , Littlefair Guy , Patil Arun
Published: June 2017

Considering the past decade, the changes involved in learning and teaching have been in terms of strategies, methods and practices to learning and teaching; assessment method; interface between a teacher and student; communication and feedback; self-reflective practices and designing pro-industry curriculum. For all the stakeholders involved, it becomes vital to know the student perception about the learning and teaching. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the perception of the student experience on peer to peer learning and assessment. Issues related peer to peer learning has been identified based on the student response to a survey conducted at the end of the unit. The purpose of the paper is also to serve as a medium to contribute to the existing knowledge base on peer to peer learning and assessment in design/project based learning. The outcome of the paper is to review the existing literature, innovate a new approach and suggest a mutually acceptable solution to the issues related to peer to peer learning and assessment.
Hierarchal Fuzzy Logic Controller and Internet of Things (IoT) Information
Authors: Ramadan Rabie A. , Altamimi Ahmed B.
Published: June 2017

With the advances of networks and sensing technologies, it is possible to benefit from the surrounding environment's data in enhancing peoples' life. Currently, we have different types of networks such as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs), Cellular Networks (CNs), and Social Networks (SNs) along with underlying computing such as Cloud computing. These types of networks provide huge data about the surrounding environments including weather information, peoples' relations, peoples' interest, and location information. This paper examines the suitability of hierarchal fuzzy logic controller in classifying the IoT data. The paper also tries to answer “if-else “questions about the effect of each of the input parameters. The authors' test case in this paper is related to the disease spreading prediction problem. This test case is highly important to the health care organizations. Different case studies are generated to examine the efficiency of the proposed framework and methodologies.
Introduction to Control Systems Design Using Matlab
Authors: Moysis Lazaros , Azar Ahmad Taher , Kafetzis Ioannis , Tsiaousis Michail , Charalampidis Nikolaos
Published: June 2017

Control systems theory is a wide area covering a range of artificial and physical phenomena. Control systems are systems that are designed to operate under strict specifications, to satisfy certain aims, like safety regulations in the industry, optimal production of goods, disturbance rejection in vehicles, smooth movement and placement of objects in warehousing, regulation of drug administration in medical operations, level control in chemical processes and many more. The present work provides an introduction to the fundamental principles of control system's analysis and design through the programming environment of Matlab and Simulink. Analysis of transfer function models is carried out though multiple examples in Matlab and Simulink, analyzing the dynamics of 1st and 2nd order systems, the role of the poles and zeros in the system's dynamic response, the effects of delay and the possibility to approximate higher order systems by lower order ones. In addition, examples are given from the fields of mechanical systems, medically induced anesthesia, neuroprosthetics and water level control, showcasing the use of controllers that satisfy certain design specifications.
Women Entrepreneurship in Romania
Authors: Sima Violeta , Gheorghe Ileana Georgiana
Published: June 2017

Worldwide, since the mid-1970s, entrepreneurship is a vector of economic and social development, stimulating innovation and change. In the first part, after the literature review, a general overview of the Romanian labor market and female employment and management and women entrepreneurs on it was performed. Concerning the business, the developments and the labor market in Romania, the authors find that women are underrepresented compared to the share they hold in total. In this respect, in addition to specific policy, measures to stimulate entrepreneurship are required.
Distributed Top-K Join Queries Optimizing for RDF Datasets
Authors: Gu Jinguang , Dong Hao , Liu Zhao , Xu Fangfang
Published: June 2017

In recent years, the scale of RDF datasets is increasing rapidly, the query research on RDF datasets in the transitional centralized environment is unable to meet the increasing demand of data query field, especially the top-k query. Based on the Spark distributed computing system and the HBase distributed storage system, a novel method is proposed for top-k query. A top–k query plan STA (Spark Threshold Algorithm) is proposed to reduce the connection operation of RDF data. Furthermore, a better algorithm SSJA (Spark Simple Join Algorithm) is presented to reduce the sorting related operations for the intermediate data. A cache mechanism is also proposed to speed up the SSJA algorithm. The experimental results show that the SSJA algorithm performs better than the STA algorithm in term of the cost and applicability, and it can significantly improve the SSJA's performance by introducing the cache mechanism.
A combined depth and thermal maturity map of the Canol Formation, northern Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories
Authors: Hadlari T , MacLean B C , Pyle L J , Fallas K
M , Durbano A M
Published: June 2017

There are many factors that are important for unconventional hydrocarbon prospectivity, this report shows a map of two based on the premise that Canol Formation contains natural fractures at relatively shallow levels, which has a negative impact on hydrocarbon
production from stimulated fractures. Firstly, a depth map of Canol Formation was generated from interpretations of seismic data and well logs and is contained within a subsurface zero edge determined from both subsurface data and bedrock maps. Secondly, previously published thermal maturity data
for the Canol Formation were plotted as Tmax values on the map, highlighting a 430-465 oil window. There is an area through most of Peel Plain and parts of Mackenzie Plain where the Canol Formation is within the oil window and resides at depths greater than 600 m.
Annotated bibliography of references relevant to volcanic hazards in Canada
Authors: Kelman M C
Published: June 2017

This annotated bibliography of references about Canadian volcanoes was compiled as an accompaniment to the Preliminary Volcanic Ash Fall Susceptibility Map of Canada (Open File 7679, Kelman, 2015). It is prefaced with an introduction to volcanic hazards,
volcanism in Canada, hazards from volcanoes outside Canada's borders that could impact Canadian territory, and a brief discussion about volcano monitoring as it applies to Canada.
The bibliography is a list of references about Pleistocene and Holocene volcanoes in Canada, organized by volcanic region. Each entry consists of a bibliographic reference plus either an abstract, brief summary, or introduction. The bibliography lists published papers, books, monographs, theses, and
manuscript reports. Conference abstracts are in most cases only included when their information is unavailable elsewhere. Maps are only included if they depict volcanic hazards or contain significant information not available in other publications. Reports not accessible to the general public (e.g.
internal reports from within Natural Resources Canada) and nontechnical brochures are not included. References about volcanic ash layers in Canada are only included if they are for Holocene events and contain specific information about the style, timing, or magnitude of eruption of a Canadian
volcano, or chemical information about its tephra that is useful in identifying it. References about ash layers in Canada that originated from American eruptions are not included, with the exception of some references about the two White River ash deposits, which are included because their source is
so close to the Canadian border and because most ash deposition occurred within Canada. Some references about landslides or debris flows not directly associated with eruptions are included because the fracturing and hydrothermal alteration of rock that contribute to slope failures are related to
volcanic activity, and because similar mass movements could also occur during eruptions. References from before 1950 are non-comprehensive because many of them are difficult to obtain; however, some pre-1950 references that contain important information not available in later publications are
included.
El legado literario de autor: definición y elementos.
Authors: González Rueda Antonio Javier
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo pretende construir una definición del legado literario de autor, así como de los elementos que lo conforman a partir de las opiniones expresadas por escritores, periodistas, gestores y profesores universitarios y también de la literatura existente, en el marco de la tesis doctoral en curso “Fundaciones literarias de Autor: Gestión Cultural y Literatura. Propuesta de un modelo de relación a partir del estudio de las Fundaciones literarias de la Provincia de Cádiz”.

Se define en primer lugar el legado literario y a continuación se amplían aspectos de interés como el archivo literario, la bibliografía sobre el autor, la biblioteca privada, la propiedad intelectual, los lugares físicos y objetos asociados a la memoria. Finalmente se realiza una propuesta de síntesis para su definición.
Radiographic Screening of Patients in a Dental School using the Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index
Authors: Shaik Sharaz , Alamodi Eman , Alshahrani Ghaliah , Alfaifi Khalid H
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Organization of the findings associated with various diagnostic aids plays a key role in formulating the treatment plan of the patients undergoing dental and medical treatment. Enhanced consistency in diagnosing and classifying prosthodontic patients is the basic purpose of various classification systems. Hence, we planned this study to classify partially edentulous patients and completely dentate patients at the undergraduate clinics using the prosthodontic diagnostic index (PDI).

Materials and methods

This study included classification of 13,599 edentulous patients who attended the clinics of undergraduate students of all the levels. Screening of all the patients was done radiographically with a digital orthopantomograph (OPG), and the data were saved in the computer system. The intraoral periapical radiographs (IOPA) taken for all the affected areas were also saved in the system. Based on the OPG and IOPA, the patients were classified into various classes. All the data of the patients were recorded and analyzed.

Results

Total number of patients screened was 17,220, out of which 3,621 were under 18 years of age and were excluded from the study. Most of the patients belonged to the age group of 31 to 45 years: 5,360 (39.4%) patients (3,817 [43.0%] males and 1,543 [32.5%] females) were class I; 2,730 (20.0%) patients (1,729 [19.5%] males and 1,001 [21.1%] females) were class II; 4,576 (33.7%) patients (2,835 [32.0%] males and 1,741 [36.8%] females) were class III; and 933 (6.9%) patients (483 [5.5%] males and 450 [9.5%] females) were class IV.

Conclusion

There is a need to introduce PDI as a screening tool during the initial examination of the patient and to achieve a proper distribution of the patients among various levels of students, interns, and postgraduates.

Clinical significance

Introduction of PDI will improve the treatment planning and prognosis of edentulous patients.

How to cite this article

Shaik S, Alamodi E, Alshahrani G, Alfaifi KH. Radiographic Screening of Patients in a Dental School using the Prosthodontic Diagnostic Index. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(6):501-505.
Characteristics and source apportionment of fine haze aerosol in Beijing during the winter of 2013
Authors: Shang Xiaona , Lee Meehye , Meng Fan , Wang Shihao , Suh Inseon , Kim Daegon , Jeon Kwonho , Wang Xuezhong , Zhao Yuxi , Zhang Kai
Published: June 2017

Abstract. For PM2.5 filter samples collected daily at the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (Beijing, China) from December of 2013 to February of 2014 (the winter period), chemical characteristics and sources were investigated with an emphasis on haze events in different alert levels. During the three months, the average PM2.5 concentration was 89 µg m−3, exceeding the Chinese national standard of 75 µg m−3 in 24 h. The maximum PM2.5 concentration was 307 µg m−3, which characterizes developed-type pollution (PM2.5/PM10 > 0.5) in the World Health Organization criteria. PM2.5 was dominated by SO42−, NO3−, and pseudo-carbonaceous compounds with obvious differences in concentrations and proportions between non-haze and haze episodes. The non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) analysis provided reasonable PM2.5 source profiles, by which five sources were identified: soil dust, traffic emission, biomass combustion, industrial emission, and coal combustion accounting for 13 %, 22 %, 12 %, 28 %, and 25 %, respectively. The dust impact increased with northwesterlies during non-haze periods and decreased under stagnant condition during haze periods. A blue alert of heavy air pollution was characterized by the greatest contribution from industrial emissions (61 %). During the Chinese Lantern Festival, an orange-alert was issued and biomass combustion was found to be the major source owing to firecraker explosions. Red-alert haze was almost equally contributed by local traffic and transported coal combustion emissions from Beijing vicinities (approximately 40 % each) that was distinguished by the highest levels of NO3− and SO42−, respectively. This study also reveals that the severity and source of haze are largely dependent on meteorological conditions.
Thin ice clouds in the Arctic: cloud optical depth and particle size retrieved from ground-based thermal infrared radiometry
Authors: Blanchard Yann , Royer Alain , O'Neill Norman T. , Turner David D. , Eloranta Edwin W.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Multiband downwelling thermal measurements of zenith sky radiance, along with cloud boundary heights, were used in a retrieval algorithm to estimate cloud optical depth and effective particle diameter of thin ice clouds in the Canadian High Arctic. Ground-based thermal infrared (IR) radiances for 150 semitransparent ice clouds cases were acquired at the Polar Environment Atmospheric Research Laboratory (PEARL) in Eureka, Nunavut, Canada (80° N, 86° W). We analyzed and quantified the sensitivity of downwelling thermal radiance to several cloud parameters including optical depth, effective particle diameter and shape, water vapor content, cloud geometric thickness and cloud base altitude. A lookup table retrieval method was used to successfully extract, through an optimal estimation method, cloud optical depth up to a maximum value of 2.6 and to separate thin ice clouds into two classes: (1) TIC1 clouds characterized by small crystals (effective particle diameter  ≤  30 µm), and (2) TIC2 clouds characterized by large ice crystals (effective particle diameter  >  30 µm). The retrieval technique was validated using data from the Arctic High Spectral Resolution Lidar (AHSRL) and Millimeter Wave Cloud Radar (MMCR). Inversions were performed over three polar winters and results showed a significant correlation (R2 =  0.95) for cloud optical depth retrievals and an overall accuracy of 83 % for the classification of TIC1 and TIC2 clouds. A partial validation relative to an algorithm based on high spectral resolution downwelling IR radiance measurements between 8 and 21 µm was also performed. It confirms the robustness of the optical depth retrieval and the fact that the broadband thermal radiometer retrieval was sensitive to small particle (TIC1) sizes.
Quantitative analysis of the radiation error for aerial coiled-fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing deployments using reinforcing fabric as support structure
Authors: Sigmund Armin , Pfister Lena , Sayde Chadi , Thomas Christoph K.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In recent years, the spatial resolution of fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) has been enhanced in various studies by helically coiling the fiber around a support structure. While solid polyvinyl chloride tubes are an appropriate support structure under water, they can produce considerable errors in aerial deployments due to the radiative heating or cooling. We used meshed reinforcing fabric as a novel support structure to measure high-resolution vertical temperature profiles with a height of several meters above a meadow and within and above a small lake. This study aimed at quantifying the radiation error for the coiled DTS system and the contribution caused by the novel support structure via heat conduction. A quantitative and comprehensive energy balance model is proposed and tested, which includes the shortwave radiative, longwave radiative, convective, and conductive heat transfers and allows for modeling fiber temperatures as well as quantifying the radiation error. The sensitivity of the energy balance model to the conduction error caused by the reinforcing fabric is discussed in terms of its albedo, emissivity, and thermal conductivity. Modeled radiation errors amounted to −1.0 and 1.3 K at 2 m height but ranged up to 2.8 K for very high incoming shortwave radiation (1000 J s−1 m−2) and very weak winds (0.1 m s−1). After correcting for the radiation error by means of the presented energy balance, the root mean square error between DTS and reference air temperatures from an aspirated resistance thermometer or an ultrasonic anemometer was 0.42 and 0.26 K above the meadow and the lake, respectively. Conduction between reinforcing fabric and fiber cable had a small effect on fiber temperatures (< 0.18 K). Only for locations where the plastic rings that supported the reinforcing fabric touched the fiber-optic cable were significant temperature artifacts of up to 2.5 K observed. Overall, the reinforcing fabric offers several advantages over conventional support structures published to date in the literature as it minimizes both radiation and conduction errors.
AirCore-HR: a high-resolution column sampling to enhance the vertical description of CH4 and CO2
Authors: Membrive Olivier , Crevoisier Cyril , Sweeney Colm , Danis François , Hertzog Albert , Engel Andreas , Bönisch Harald , Picon Laurence
Published: June 2017

Abstract. An original and innovative sampling system called AirCore was presented by NOAA in 2010 Karion et al.(2010). It consists of a long ( >  100 m) and narrow ( <  1 cm) stainless steel tube that can retain a profile of atmospheric air. The captured air sample has then to be analyzed with a gas analyzer for trace mole fraction. In this study, we introduce a new AirCore aiming to improve resolution along the vertical with the objectives to (i) better capture the vertical distribution of CO2 and CH4, (ii) provide a tool to compare AirCores and validate the estimated vertical resolution achieved by AirCores. This (high-resolution) AirCore-HR consists of a 300 m tube, combining 200 m of 0.125 in. (3.175 mm) tube and a 100 m of 0.25 in. (6.35 mm) tube. This new configuration allows us to achieve a vertical resolution of 300 m up to 15 km and better than 500 m up to 22 km (if analysis of the retained sample is performed within 3 h). The AirCore-HR was flown for the first time during the annual StratoScience campaign from CNES in August 2014 from Timmins (Ontario, Canada). High-resolution vertical profiles of CO2 and CH4 up to 25 km were successfully retrieved. These profiles revealed well-defined transport structures in the troposphere (also seen in CAMS-ECMWF high-resolution forecasts of CO2 and CH4 profiles) and captured the decrease of CO2 and CH4 in the stratosphere. The multi-instrument gondola also carried two other low-resolution AirCore-GUF that allowed us to perform direct comparisons and study the underlying processing method used to convert the sample of air to greenhouse gases vertical profiles. In particular, degrading the AirCore-HR derived profiles to the low resolution of AirCore-GUF yields an excellent match between both sets of CH4 profiles and shows a good consistency in terms of vertical structures. This fully validates the theoretical vertical resolution achievable by AirCores. Concerning CO2 although a good agreement is found in terms of vertical structure, the comparison between the various AirCores yields a large and variable bias (up to almost 3 ppm in some parts of the profiles). The reasons of this bias, possibly related to the drying agent used to dry the air, are still being investigated. Finally, the uncertainties associated with the measurements are assessed, yielding an average uncertainty below 3 ppb for CH4 and 0.25 ppm for CO2 with the major source of uncertainty coming from the potential loss of air sample on the ground and the choice of the starting and ending point of the collected air sample inside the tube. In an ideal case where the sample would be fully retained, it would be possible to know precisely the pressure at which air was sampled last and thus to improve the overall uncertainty to about 0.1 ppm for CO2 and 2 ppb for CH4.
Nadir ozone profile retrieval from SCIAMACHY and its application to the Antarctic ozone hole in the period 2003–2011
Authors: Shah Sweta , Tuinder Olaf , van Peet Jacob , de Laat Adrianus , Stammes Piet
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The depletion of the Antarctic ozone layer and its changing vertical distribution has been monitored closely by satellites in the past decades ever since the Antarctic ozone hole was discovered in the 1980's. Ozone profile retrieval from nadir-viewing satellites operating in the ultraviolet-visible range requires accurate calibration of level-1 (L1) radiance data. Here we study the effects of calibration on the derived level-2 (L2) ozone profiles and apply the retrieval to the Antarctic ozone hole region. We retrieve nadir ozone profiles from the SCIAMACHY instrument that flew on-board Envisat using the Ozone ProfilE Retrieval Algorithm) (OPERA) developed at KNMI with a focus on the stratospheric ozone. We study and assess the quality of these profiles and compare retrieved (L2) products from L1 SCIAMACHY versions 7 and 8 indicated as respectively (v7, v8) data from the years 2003–2011 without further radiometric correction. From validation of the profiles against ozone sonde measurements, we find that the v8 performs better due to correction for the scan-angle dependency of the instrument's optical degradation. The instrument spectral response function can still be improved for the L1 v8 data with a shift and squeeze. We find that the contribution from this improvement is a few percent residue reduction compared to a reference in the solar irradiance spectra. Validation for the years 2003 and 2009 with ozone sondes shows deviations of SCIAMACHY ozone profiles of 0.8 %–15 % in the stratosphere and 2.5 %–100 % in the troposphere, depending on the latitude and the L1 version used. Using L1 v8 for the years 2003–2011 leads to deviations of ~ 1 %–11 % in stratospheric ozone and ~ 1 %–45 % in tropospheric ozone. Application of SCIAMACHY v8 data on the Antarctic ozone hole shows that most ozone is depleted in the latitude range from 70° S to 90° S. The minimum integrated ozone column consistently occurs around 15 September for the years 2003–2011. Furthermore from the ozone profiles for all these years we observe that the value of ozone column per layer reduces to almost zero at a pressure of 100 hPa in the latitude range of 70° S to 90° S, as was found from other observations.
Atmospheric loss from the dayside open polar region and its dependence on geomagnetic activity: implications for atmospheric escape on evolutionary timescales
Authors: Slapak Rikard , Schillings Audrey , Nilsson Hans , Yamauchi Masatoshi , Westerberg Lars-Göran , Dandouras Iannis
Published: June 2017

Abstract. We have investigated the total O+ escape rate from the dayside open polar region and its dependence on geomagnetic activity, specifically Kp. Two different escape routes of magnetospheric plasma into the solar wind, the plasma mantle, and the high-latitude dayside magnetosheath have been investigated separately. The flux of O+ in the plasma mantle is sufficiently fast to subsequently escape further down the magnetotail passing the neutral point, and it is nearly 3 times larger than that in the dayside magnetosheath. The contribution from the plasma mantle route is estimated as  ∼ 3. 9 × 1024exp(0. 45 Kp) [s−1] with a 1 to 2 order of magnitude range for a given geomagnetic activity condition. The extrapolation of this result, including escape via the dayside magnetosheath, indicates an average O+ escape of 3 × 1026 s−1 for the most extreme geomagnetic storms. Assuming that the range is mainly caused by the solar EUV level, which was also larger in the past, the average O+ escape could have reached 1027–28 s−1 a few billion years ago. Integration over time suggests a total oxygen escape from ancient times until the present roughly equal to the atmospheric oxygen content today.
Increased temperature causes different carbon and nitrogen processing patterns in two common intertidal foraminifera (Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica)
Authors: Wukovits Julia , Enge Annekatrin Julie , Wanek Wolfgang , Watzka Margarete , Heinz Petra
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Benthic foraminifera are highly abundant heterotrophic protists in marine sediments, but future environmental changes will challenge the tolerance limits of intertidal species. Metabolic rates and physiological processes in foraminifera are strongly dependent on environmental temperatures. Temperature-related stress could therefore impact foraminiferal food source processing efficiency and might result in altered nutrient fluxes through the intertidal food web. In this study, we performed a laboratory feeding experiment on Ammonia tepida and Haynesina germanica, two dominant foraminiferal species of the German Wadden Sea/Friedrichskoog, to test the effect of temperature on phytodetritus retention. The specimens were fed with 13C and 15N labelled freeze-dried Dunaliella tertiolecta (green algae) at the start of the experiment and were incubated at 20, 25 and 30 °C respectively. Dual labelling was applied to observe potential temperature effects on the relation of phytodetrital carbon and nitrogen retention. Samples were taken over a period of 2 weeks. Foraminiferal cytoplasm was isotopically analysed to investigate differences in carbon and nitrogen uptake derived from the food source. Both species showed a positive response to the provided food source, but carbon uptake rates of A. tepida were 10-fold higher compared to those of H. germanica. Increased temperatures had a far stronger impact on the carbon uptake of H. germanica than on A. tepida. A distinct increase in the levels of phytodetrital-derived nitrogen (compared to more steady carbon levels) could be observed over the course of the experiment in both species. The results suggest that higher temperatures have a significant negative effect on the carbon exploitation of H. germanica. For A. tepida, higher carbon uptake rates and the enhanced tolerance range for higher temperatures could outline an advantage in warmer periods if the main food source consists of chlorophyte phytodetritus. These conditions are likely to impact nutrient fluxes in A. tepida/H. germanica associations.
Distribution of planktonic biogenic carbonate organisms in the Southern Ocean south of Australia: a baseline for ocean acidification impact assessment
Authors: Trull Thomas W. , Passmore Abraham , Davies Diana M. , Smit Tim , Berry Kate , Tilbrook Bronte
Published: June 2017

Abstract. The Southern Ocean provides a vital service by absorbing about one sixth of humankind's annual emissions of CO2. This comes with a cost – an increase in ocean acidity that is expected to have negative impacts on ocean ecosystems. The reduced ability of phytoplankton and zooplankton to precipitate carbonate shells is a clearly identified risk. The impact depends on the significance of these organisms in Southern Ocean ecosystems, but there is very little information on their abundance or distribution. To quantify their presence, we used coulometric measurement of particulate inorganic carbonate (PIC) on particles filtered from surface seawater into two size fractions: 50–1000 μm to capture foraminifera (the most important biogenic carbonate forming zooplankton) and 1–50 μm to capture coccolithophores (the most important biogenic carbonate forming phytoplankton). Ancillary measurements of biogenic silica (BSi) and particulate organic carbon (POC) provided context, as estimates of the abundance of diatoms (the most abundant phytoplankton in polar waters), and total microbial biomass, respectively. Results for 9 transects from Australia to Antarctica in 2008–2015 showed low levels of PIC compared to northern hemisphere polar waters. Coccolithophores slightly exceeded the biomass of diatoms in Subantarctic waters, but their abundance decreased more than 30-fold poleward, while diatom abundances increased, so that on a molar basis PIC was only 1 % of BSi in Antarctic waters. This limited importance of coccolithophores in the Southern Ocean is further emphasized in terms of their associated POC, representing less than 1 % of total POC in Antarctic waters and less than 10 % in Subantarctic waters. NASA satellite ocean colour based PIC estimates were in reasonable agreement with (though somewhat higher than) the shipboard results in Subantarctic waters, but greatly over-estimated PIC in Antarctic waters. Contrastingly, the NASA Ocean Biogeochemical Model (NOBM) shows coccolithophores as overly restricted to Subtropical and northern Subantarctic waters. The cause of the strong southward decrease in PIC abundance in the Southern Ocean is not yet clear. Poleward decrease in pH is small and while calcite saturation decreases strongly southward it remains well above saturation (> 2). Nitrate and phosphate variations would predict a poleward increase. Temperature and competition with diatoms for limiting iron appear likely to be important. While the future trajectory of coccolithophore distributions remains uncertain, their current low abundances suggest small impacts on overall Southern Ocean pelagic ecology.
A non-stationary stochastic ensemble generator for radar rainfall fields based on the short-space Fourier transform
Authors: Nerini Daniele , Besic Nikola , Sideris Ioannis , Germann Urs , Foresti Loris
Published: June 2017

Abstract. In this paper we present a non-stationary stochastic generator for radar rainfall fields based on the short-space Fourier transform (SSFT). The statistical properties of rainfall fields often exhibit significant spatial heterogeneity due to variability in the involved physical processes and influence of orographic forcing. The traditional approach to simulate stochastic rainfall fields based on the Fourier filtering of white noise is only able to reproduce the global power spectrum and spatial autocorrelation of the precipitation fields. Conceptually similar to wavelet analysis, the SSFT is a simple and effective extension of the Fourier transform developed for space–frequency localisation, which allows for using windows to better capture the local statistical structure of rainfall. The SSFT is used to generate stochastic noise and precipitation fields that replicate the local spatial correlation structure, i.e. anisotropy and correlation range, of the observed radar rainfall fields. The potential of the stochastic generator is demonstrated using four precipitation cases observed by the fourth generation of Swiss weather radars that display significant non-stationarity due to the coexistence of stratiform and convective precipitation, differential rotation of the weather system and locally varying anisotropy. The generator is verified in its ability to reproduce both the global and the local Fourier power spectra of the precipitation field. The SSFT-based stochastic generator can be applied and extended to improve the probabilistic nowcasting of precipitation, design storm simulation, stochastic numerical weather prediction (NWP) downscaling, and also for other geophysical applications involving the simulation of complex non-stationary fields.
Hydrological threats to riparian wetlands of international importance – a global quantitative and qualitative analysis
Authors: Schneider Christof , Flörke Martina , De Stefano Lucia , Petersen-Perlman Jacob D.
Published: June 2017

Abstract. Riparian wetlands have been disappearing at an accelerating rate. Their ecological integrity as well as their vital ecosystem services for humankind depend on regular patterns of inundation and drying provided by natural flow regimes. However, river hydrology has been altered worldwide. Dams cause less variable flow regimes and water abstractions decrease the amount of flow so that ecologically important flood pulses are often reduced. Given growing population pressure and projected climate change, immediate action is required. However, the implementation of counteractive measures is often a complex task. This study develops a screening tool for assessing hydrological threats to riparian wetlands on global scales. The approach is exemplified on 93 Ramsar sites, many of which are located in transboundary basins. First, the WaterGAP3 hydrological modeling framework is used to quantitatively compare current and future modified flow regimes to reference flow conditions. In our simulations current water resource management seriously impairs riparian wetland inundation at 29 % of the analyzed sites. A further 8 % experience significantly reduced flood pulses. In the future, eastern Europe, western Asia, as well as central South America could be hotspots of further flow modifications due to climate change. Second, a qualitative analysis of the 93 sites determined potential impact on overbank flows resulting from planned or proposed dam construction projects. They take place in one-third of the upstream areas and are likely to impair especially wetlands located in South America, Asia, and the Balkan Peninsula. Third, based on the existing legal/institutional framework and water resource availability upstream, further qualitative analysis evaluated the capacity to preserve overbank flows given future streamflow changes due to dam construction and climate change. Results indicate hotspots of vulnerability exist, especially in northern Africa and the Persian Gulf.