bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantification of the Particle Size and Stability of Graphene Oxide in a Variety of Solvents
Authors: Taha‐Tijerina Jaime , Venkataramani Deepika , Aichele Clint P. , Tiwary Chandra Sekhar , Smay James E. , Mathkar Akshay , Chang Patricia , Ajayan Pulickel M.
Published: September 2014

The exceptional solution processing potential of graphene oxide (GO) is always one of its main advantages over graphene in terms of its industrial relevance in coatings, electronics, and energy storage. However, the presence of a variety of functional groups on the basal plane and edges of GO makes understanding suspension behavior in aqueous and organic solvents, a major challenge. Acoustic spectroscopy can also measure zeta potential to provide unique insight into flocculating, meta‐stable, and stable suspensions of GO in deionized water and a variety of organic solvents (including ethanol, ethylene glycol, and mineral oil). As expected, a match between solvent polarity and the polar functional groups on the GO surface favors stable colloidal suspensions accompanied by a smaller aggregate size tending toward disperse individual flakes of GO. This work is significant since it describes the characteristics of GO in solution and its ability to act as a precursor for graphene‐based materials.
Land Use Specific Ammonia Deposition Velocities: a Review of Recent Studies (2004–2013)
Authors: Schrader Frederik , Brümmer Christian
Published: September 2014

Land use specific deposition velocities of atmospheric trace gases and aerosols—particularly of reactive nitrogen compounds—are a fundamental input variable for a variety of deposition models. Although the concept is known to have shortcomings—especially with regard to bi-directional exchange—the often limited availability of concentration data and meteorological input variables make it a valuable simplification for regional modeling of deposition fluxes. In order to meet the demand for an up-to-date overview of recent publications on measurements and modeling studies, we compiled a database of ammonia (NH3) deposition velocities published from 2004 to 2013. Observations from a total of 42 individual studies were averaged using an objective weighing scheme and classified into seven land use categories. Weighted average and median deposition velocities are 2.2 and 2.1 cm s−1 for coniferous forests, 1.5 and 1.2 cm s−1 for mixed forests, 1.1 and 0.9 cm s−1 for deciduous forests, 0.9 and 0.7 cm s−1 for semi-natural sites, 0.7 and 0.8 cm s−1 for urban sites, 0.7 and 0.6 cm s−1 for water surfaces, and 1.0 and 0.4 cm s−1 for agricultural sites, respectively. Thus, values presented in this compilation were considerably lower than those found in former studies (e.g., VDI 2006). Reasons for the mismatch were likely due to different land use classification, different averaging methods, choices of measurement locations, and improvements in measurement and in modeling techniques. Both data and code used for processing are made available as supplementary material to this article.
Atlantic Extreme Wave Events During the Last Four Millennia in the Guadalquivir Estuary, SW Spain
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Antonio , Pérez-Asensio José Noel , Santos Ana , Jiménez-Moreno Gonzalo , Villarías-Robles Juan J.R. , Mayoral Eduardo , Celestino-Pérez Sebastián , Cerrillo-Cuenca Enrique , López-Sáez José Antonio , León Ángel , Contreras Carmen
Published: September 2014

A multidisciplinary study from a number of drilled cores in the Guadalquivir estuary has made possible to identify as many as three extreme wave events and their facies in the 4th millennium BP (A: ~ 4000 cal yr BP, B: ~ 3550 cal yr BP, and C: ~ 3150 cal yr BP). These events, which caused strong erosion in the Guadalquivir sandy barrier and in the neighboring aeolian systems of El Abalario, brought about significant paleogeographical changes that may have affected human settlements established in the area during the Neolithic and Copper Age periods and during the Middle Bronze Age. The three events can be spatially correlated and their facies differentiated from more proximal to more distal from the coastline. The most proximal facies is characterized by a massive accumulation of shells, a sandy or sandy–muddy matrix, an erosive base, a highly diverse mixture of species (marine and estuarine), and lithoclasts. The most distal facies presents a muddy–sandy matrix, dominance of estuarine fauna, shell accumulation, presence of terrestrial species, mudpebbles, pebbles in a clayey matrix, and bioturbation. The evidence presented will further advance scientific knowledge about the impact of extreme wave events on coastal areas in SW Iberia and NW Africa.
Systematic review of surveillance systems and methods for early detection of exotic, new and re-emerging diseases in animal populations
Authors: RODRÍGUEZ-PRIETO V. , VICENTE-RUBIANO M. , SÁNCHEZ-MATAMOROS A. , RUBIO-GUERRI C. , MELERO M. , MARTÍNEZ-LÓPEZ B. , MARTÍNEZ-AVILÉS M. , HOINVILLE L. , VERGNE T. , COMIN A. , SCHAUER B. , DÓREA F. , PFEIFFER D. U. , SÁNCHEZ-VIZCAÍNO J. M.
Published: September 2014

In this globalized world, the spread of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases has become one of the most important threats to animal production and public health. This systematic review analyses conventional and novel early detection methods applied to surveillance. In all, 125 scientific documents were considered for this study. Exotic (n= 49) and re-emerging (n= 27) diseases constituted the most frequently represented health threats. In addition, the majority of studies were related to zoonoses (n= 66). The approaches found in the review could be divided in surveillance modalities, both active (n= 23) and passive (n= 5); and tools and methodologies that support surveillance activities (n= 57). Combinations of surveillance modalities and tools (n= 40) were also found. Risk-based approaches were very common (n= 60), especially in the papers describing tools and methodologies (n= 50). The main applications, benefits and limitations of each approach were extracted from the papers. This information will be very useful for informing the development of tools to facilitate the design of cost-effective surveillance strategies. Thus, the current literature review provides key information about the advantages, disadvantages, limitations and potential application of methodologies for the early detection of new, exotic and re-emerging diseases.
Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction: pilot study of a treatment group for patients with chronic pain in a primary care setting
Authors: Beaulac Julie , Bailly Matthew
Published: September 2014

Aim

The study objective was to evaluate an eight-week Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) treatment group for chronic pain in terms of effects on pain disability, subjective ratings of pain and psychological distress related to pain, and activity level and willingness to experience pain. This pilot study evaluated the impact of two eight-week MBSR treatment groups that were delivered in a clinic in Winnipeg, Manitoba.

Background

Chronic pain is one of the most common presenting problems in primary care settings.

Methods

Adult patients with chronic pain were recruited from 20 clinics that are part of a collaborative care programme and outcome measures were administered at baseline and programme completion.

Findings

Despite a modest attendance rate and the short length of programme, a pre–post evaluation involving 17 patients revealed significant and/or clinically relevant improvements in level of pain disability, psychological distress, engagement in life activities, willingness to experience pain, and subjective rating of current pain.
A ‘Charity’ Case in Point
Authors: Herle Rebecca
Published: September 2014

This article is written by Rebecca Herle who is the Head of Sales and Marketing at the Incorporated Council of Law Reporting for England & Wales (ICLR). Her article draws on material delivered by two of her colleagues at the ICLR, namely Daniel Hoadley's recent plenary session at the BIALL Conference 2014 called, ‘The Curious Case of the Judgment Enhancers’ and Paul Magrath's article published by Infolaw.co.uk, entitled ‘The Future of Law Reporting’. It also refers in part to Lord Neuberger's speech for the first annual BAILII Lecture (in 2012) entitled ‘No Judgment – No Justice’, and reflects upon the position of the ICLR in the legal profession today. From the birth of the ICLR in 1865 to the present day the article provides a brief history, and then explores the current day issues, of this charitable publisher in its surrounding legal environment. She also offers a glimpse into what the future might hold.
Smartphones for Law Students – Persuasive, Pervasive and Legal: a Research Study
Authors: Abbas Zaki , MacFarlane Andrew , Göker Ayşe
Published: September 2014

Smartphones have quickly become a key part of our daily lives. Over 70 percent of people in the UK own such a device and law students are no exception to this far-reaching trend1. The use of these devices has posed some significant questions on the extent of their impact on information seeking behaviour and in relation to information delivery of resources. Zaki Abbas, Andrew MacFarlane and Ayşe Göker, who have recently begun a research project together, seek to not only examine the information seeking behaviours (ISBs) of law students using their Smartphones for academic information retrieval, but also to investigate perspectives from subject law librarians from Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) throughout the UK. There is an impression that students tend to find Smartphones more appealing for their information seeking needs compared to the professional resources and services, such as virtual libraries, which their HEI have already invested in. The result leads to a deep concern from subject librarians that students may be at risk from weakening research skills as well as relying too much on poor information sources not specifically designed to meet their information needs within the academic context5. The authors also suggest that information service providers to be more pro-active in providing information to students through more user-friendly interfaces as well as capitalise on the growing use of the Smartphone as a means to deliver their product4,5,6,15.
FLAG – the Foreign Law Guide; an Update 2013
Authors: Power Gerry
Published: September 2014

This report, compiled by Gerry Power, describes the process of updating the records of the FLAG (Foreign Law Guide) database. His article outlines the aims, method and the findings of the 2013 update.
Legal indexing
Authors: Hewitt A. R.
Published: September 2014

This is an edited version of an article by A.R. Hewitt which first appeared in The Indexer in Autumn 1963 and was re-published in The indexer in 2014. The editor of LIM felt that the article deserved a wider audience and is grateful to The Indexer for allowing it to be reproduced here*. Although contemporary indexers do not have to trouble themselves with the layout of index cards, much of the advice contained in it is still applicable a half-century later. It is concerned with English law, but again, many of the principles apply to indexing works on legal subjects for other jurisdictions.
Transaction-specific investments and organizational choice: a Coase-to-Coase theory
Authors: MICELI THOMAS J.
Published: September 2014

This paper examines markets, firms, and the law as alternative institutional arrangements for organizing transactions that involve transaction-specific investments and uncertain performance. The analysis is the logical extension of Coase's seminal analysis of the market-firm boundary on one hand, and the market-law boundary on the other. It thus combines insights from the literature on industrial organization and law and economics. The result is a unified framework that reveals the relative advantages and disadvantages, within a fairly simple economic setting, of market exchange, court ordering (contracts), and internal governance (agency).
Emotionsregulationstraining bei bipolaren Patienten – Erste Befunde einer Pilotstudie
Authors: Wolkenstein Larissa , Püschel Susanne , Schuster Andrea , Hautzinger Martin
Published: September 2014

Patienten mit bipolaren Störungen zeigen im Vergleich zu Gesunden einen gesteigerten Einsatz maladaptiver und einen verminderten Einsatz adaptiver Emotionsregulationsstrategien. Dabei scheint es sich um ein Performanz- und nicht um ein Kompetenz-Defizit zu handeln, was nahelegt, dass es möglich sein sollte, die Emotionsregulationsfähigkeiten bipolarer Patienten über ein Training zu verbessern. Vor diesem Hintergrund erhielten 12 bipolare Patienten ein eintägiges Emotionsregulationstraining im Gruppensetting. Anschließend wurden sie vier Wochen lang per SMS, Emails und Telefonaten begleitet. Es zeigte sich, dass eine solche Kurzintervention sowohl den Umgang mit den eigenen Emotionen verbessern als auch den Einsatz adaptiver Emotionsregulationsstrategien steigern kann. Letzteres konnte nicht nur anhand von Selbstberichten (EmoCheck, ERQ, CERQ) sondern auch anhand eines objektiven Maßes (PASAT) gezeigt werden. Darüber hinaus war die Akzeptanz des Trainings durch die Patienten sehr groß. Diese Befunde verdeutlichen, dass weitere Untersuchungen zur Effektivität von Emotionsregulationstrainings bei bipolaren Patienten wünschenswert sind.
Psychodynamische Psychotherapie bei bipolaren Störungen
Authors: Schwarz Frank
Published: September 2014

Es werden empirische psychodynamische Forschungsergebnisse dargestellt und Unterschiede zwischen leichten/mittelschweren Depressionen einerseits und schweren Depressionen andererseits sowie zwischen mono- und bipolaren Störungen untersucht. Darauf und auf der Grundlage psychoanalytischer Konzepte zum Verständnis der affektiven Störungen – sowohl für schwere Depressionen als auch für Manien – basierend werden die psychodynamischen Behandlungsmöglichkeiten von bipolaren Störungen dargestellt, wobei zwei Fallbeispiele zur Veranschaulichung dienen. Es werden die erheblichen Schwierigkeiten, die bei diesen Behandlungen auftreten, besprochen, aber auch die großen Chancen, die psychodynamische Langzeittherapien für die bipolar gestörten Patienten bieten. Von daher soll diese Arbeit mit den zu erwartenden Problemen vertraut machen und dazu anregen, sich auf solche Behandlungen einzulassen.
A high voltage solar cell using a donor–acceptor conjugated polymer based on pyrrolo[3,4-f]-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole-5,7-dione
Authors: Li Hairong , Sun Shuangyong , Mhaisalkar Subodh , Zin Melvin T. , Lam Yeng Ming , Grimsdale Andrew C.
Published: September 2014

A remarkably highVocof 1.1 V has been obtained in a solar cell from a donor–acceptor polymer based upon a benzo[c][2,1,3]thiadiazole-5,6-dicarboxylic imide acceptor unit.
Multi‐sensor‐based online positive learning for drivable region detection
Authors: Lee H. , Kwak K. , Jo S.
Published: September 2014

A new method for detecting drivable regions in an unrehearsed and unstructured outdoor environment using multi‐sensor information is presented. To achieve this goal, two key methods are developed: (i) robust and effective feature definition using colour and geometry and (ii) online learning algorithm using positive samples for detecting drivable regions. With real data sets, the effect of sensor modality is evaluated and is compared the performance of the algorithm to a cluster‐based approach.
Design of cylindrically conformed metal reflectarray antennas for millimetre‐wave applications
Authors: Yi Minwoo , Lee Woosang , So Joonho
Published: September 2014

Conformal metal reflectarray antennas on the surface of a cylinder are designed for millimetre‐wave applications. All depths of metal grooves in the reflectarrays are specially manipulated for high‐gain conformal reflectarray antennas. There is a good agreement between simulated and experimental radiation performance results for two different ‘sagittas’. The proposed conformal reflectarray antennas can be a helpful choice for applications requiring high‐gain antennas on curved platforms.
1.8 μm broadband light source using super luminescent diode
Authors: Yamada M. , Ono J. , Mise K. , Shimose Y. , Mori H. , Yamada A. , Ota K. , Senda K. , Maeda Y. , Koyama O. , Ono H.
Published: September 2014

The first light source with a broadband spectrum in the 1800 nm wavelength region has been developed by employing a cascade configuration with a 1.65 μm band super luminescent diode and a Tm3+‐doped fibre amplification unit. The achieved bandwidth where the intensity exceeded ‐20 dBm/nm was 247 nm (from 1611 to 1858 nm) with a low ripple, whose peak‐to‐peak value was <0.15 dB.
Time-dependent Schrödinger-like equation with nonlocal term
Authors: Sandev Trifce , Petreska Irina , Lenzi Ervin K.
Published: September 2014

We investigate a time-dependent Schrödinger-like equation in presence of a nonlocal term by using the method of variable separation and the Green function approach. We analyze the Green function for different forms of the memory kernel and the nonlocal term. Results for delta potential energy function are presented. Distributed order memory kernels are also considered, and the asymptotic behaviors of the Green function are derived by using Tauberian theorem. The obtained results for the Green function for the considered Schrödinger-like equation may be transformed to those for the probability distribution function of a diffusion-like equation with memory kernel and can be used to explain various anomalous diffusive behaviors.
A high-field magnetic resonance imaging spectrometer using an oven-controlled crystal oscillator as the local oscillator of its radio frequency transceiver
Authors: Liang Xiao , Tang Xin , Tang Weinan , Gao Jia-Hong
Published: September 2014

A home-made high-field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) spectrometer with multiple receiving channels is described. The radio frequency (RF) transceiver of the spectrometer consists of digital intermediate frequency (IF) circuits and corresponding mixing circuits. A direct digital synthesis device is employed to generate the IF pulse; the IF signal from a down-conversion circuit is sampled and followed by digital quadrature detection. Both the IF generation and the IF sampling use a 50 MHz clock. An oven-controlled crystal oscillator, which has outstanding spectral purity and a compact circuit, is used as the local oscillator of the RF transceiver. A digital signal processor works as the pulse programmer of the spectrometer, as a result, 32 control lines can be generated simultaneously while an event is triggered. Field programmable gate array devices are utilized as the auxiliary controllers of the IF generation, IF receiving, and gradient control. High performance, including 1 μs time resolution of the soft pulse, 1 MHz receiving bandwidth, and 1 μs time resolution of the gradient waveform, is achieved. High-quality images on a 1.5 T MRI system using the spectrometer are obtained.
Excited states of OH-(H2O)n clusters for n = 1–4: An ab initio study
Authors: Hoffman Gerald J. , Gurunathan Pradeep K. , Francisco Joseph S. , Slipchenko Lyudmila V.
Published: September 2014

Equation of motion coupled cluster calculations were performed on various structures of OH in clusters with one, two, three, and four water molecules to determine the energies of valence and charge transfer states. Motivation for these calculations is to understand the absorption spectrum of OH in water. Previous calculations on these species have confirmed that the longer wavelength transition observed is due to the A(2∑) ← X(2∏) valence transition, while the shorter wavelength transition is due to a charge-transfer from H2O to OH. While these previous calculations identified the lowest energy charge-transfer state, our calculations have included sufficient states to identify additional solvent-to-solute charge transfer states. The minimum energy structures of the clusters were determined by application of the Monte Carlo technique to identify candidate cluster structures, followed by optimization at the level of second-order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory. Calculations were performed on two structures of OH-H2O, three structures of OH-(H2O)2, four structures of OH-(H2O)3, and seven structures of OH-(H2O)4. Confirming previous calculations, as the number of water molecules increases, the energies of the excited valence and charge-transfer states decrease; however, the total number of charge-transfer states increases with the number of water molecules, suggesting that in the limit of OH in liquid water, the charge-transfer states form a band.
Time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy imaging of mode coupling between three interacting magnetic vortices
Authors: Wang Xiao , Keavney D. J. , Asmat-Uceda M. , Buchanan K. S. , Melikyan A. , Cheng X. M.
Published: September 2014

The interactions between three magnetic vortices in a planar equilateral triangular arrangement were studied by time-resolved photoemission electron microscopy. The gyrotropic resonance frequencies of the three individual vortices in the tri-disk system are different from one another and also shifted from that of an isolated vortex by as much as 12%. A comparison with analytical calculations and numerical simulations shows that the observed frequency shifts result from the dipolar interaction between the vortices.
Magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of Mn4−xFexGa2Sn
Authors: Eichenberger L. , Malaman B. , Huang J. H. , Mazet T.
Published: September 2014

We investigate the magnetic and magnetocaloric properties of the new Mn4−xFexGa2Sn compounds (x = 0, 0.1, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) from DC magnetization measurements. These phases crystallize in a lacunar form of the η-Fe2−xGe type of structure (P63/mmc). They present a second-order paramagnetic to ferromagnetic transition whose temperature increases upon increasing the Fe content from TC = 317 K for x = 0 up to TC = 411 K for x = 0.8. The alloys with x ≤ 0.4 further exhibit another transition at lower temperature associated with a spin reorientation. The maximal magnetization and magnetic entropy change are found almost constant throughout the series close to ∼7.4 μB/f.u. and ∼12 mJ cm−3 K−1 (for μ0ΔH = 2.4 T), respectively. The magnetocaloric properties of Mn4−xFexGa2Sn are compared with those of previously investigated materials with high-temperature magnetic transition and their potential interest for high-temperature magnetocaloric applications is briefly discussed.
Ultrasonic investigation of the Jahn-Teller effect in GaAs semiconductors doped by transition metals
Authors: Averkiev N. S. , Bersuker I. B. , Gudkov V. V. , Baryshnikov K. A. , Zhevstovskikh I. V. , Mayakin V. Yu. , Monakhov A. M. , Sarychev M. N. , Sedov V. E. , Surikov V. T.
Published: September 2014

Transition-metal-doped semiconductor GaAs crystals are used as model systems for spintronic research, as well as in other applications. To explore the structure and properties of such impurities, we extended the methodology of ultrasonic investigation of the Jahn-Teller effect in dielectric impurity-centers to the study of significantly different semiconductor impurities using the GaAs:Cu crystal as an example. Phase velocity and attenuation of ultrasound in this system were measured in the temperature interval of 1.9–80 K at 52 MHz and 156 MHz. The anomaly in the velocity and a peak of attenuation found for the longitudinal and slow shear waves indicate the presence of the Jahn-Teller effect with the e-type local distortions of the CuGa4As impurity complex. The temperature dependence of the elastic modulus and relaxation time shows that below 5 K, the thermal activation mechanism of relaxation is possibly replaced by resonance type transitions. The main parameters of the Jahn-Teller effect, stabilization energy, minima positions and the barrier between them, frequency of pseudorotation of the distortions, and the tunneling splitting of the ground state energy, as well as the constant of exchange interaction between the two holes in Cu2+ centers and the concentration of the centers were estimated.
Plasmonic bistability in the nonlinear cylindrical metal-dielectric multilayers
Authors: Du Yin-Suo , Yan Jie-Yun
Published: September 2014

We study the nonlinear cylindrical plasmonic waveguide arrays composed of the metal-dielectric multilayers with the Kerr-type nonlinear dielectric materials. The theory of the nonlinear propagation mode is presented and finally expressed as two coupled nonlinear equations with the help of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem. Numerical results demonstrate there exists plasmonic bistability of the propagation modes for a given intensity. This kind of bistability corresponds to the totally different energy distributions in the system, which can be used to develop the applications in the optical switches and optical detectors.
Ordered structures of small numbers of nanorods induced by semiflexible star polymers
Authors: Zhang Dong , He Lilin , Zhang Linxi
Published: September 2014

The ordered structures of nanorods (NRs) in the semiflexible star polymer/NR mixtures are explored by employing molecular dynamics simulation. The structures of small numbers of NRs can be well controlled by varying the stiffness of semiflexible star polymers. At a moderate binding energy between star polymers and NRs, four completely different structures of small numbers of NRs are observed, including that the side-to-side hexagonal aggregation structures of NRs for flexible star polymers, the partly parallel aggregation structures of NRs and the end-to-end contact parallel aggregation structures of NRs for semiflexible star polymers, and the partial dispersion of NRs for rigid star polymers. Helical conformations of semiflexible star polymers binding with NRs are responsible for the formation of the end-to-end contact parallel aggregation structures for small numbers of NRs. This investigation may provide a possible pathway to develop ‘‘smart’’ medium to construct novel materials with high performance.
Tunable asymmetric magnetoimpedance effect in ferromagnetic NiFe/Cu/Co films
Authors: Silva E. F. , Gamino M. , de Andrade A. M. H. , Corrêa M. A. , Vázquez M. , Bohn F.
Published: September 2014

We investigate the magnetization dynamics through the magnetoimpedance effect in ferromagnetic NiFe/Cu/Co films. We observe that the magnetoimpedance response is dependent on the thickness of the non-magnetic Cu spacer material. We verify asymmetric magnetoimpedance in films with biphase magnetic behavior and explore the possibility of tuning the linear region of the magnetoimpedance curves around zero magnetic field by varying the thickness of the spacer and probe current frequency. We discuss the experimental results in terms of the different mechanisms governing the magnetization dynamics at distinct frequency ranges, quasi-static magnetic properties, thickness of the spacer, and the kind of the magnetic interaction between the ferromagnetic layers. The results place films with biphase magnetic behavior exhibiting asymmetric magnetoimpedance effect as very attractive candidates for application as probe element in the development of auto-biased linear magnetic field sensors.
The Copenhagen Dependency Treebank (CDT)
Authors: Høeg Müller Henrik , Korzen Iørn
Published: September 2014

The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the CDT annotation design with special emphasis on the modelling of the interface between the syntactic level and two other linguistic levels, viz. morphology and discourse. In connection with the description of NP annotation we present the fundamentals of how CDT is marked up with semantic relations in accordance with the dependency principles governing the annotation on the other levels of CDT. Specifically, focus will be on how Generative Lexicon (GL) theory has been incorporated into the unitary theoretical dependency framework of CDT. An annotation scheme for lexical semantics has been designed so as to account for the lexico-semantic structure of complex NPs, and the four GL qualia also appear in some of the CDT discourse relation labels as a description of parallel semantic relations at this level.
Dependencies over prosodic boundary tones in spontaneous spoken Hebrew
Authors: Silber-Varod Vered
Published: September 2014

The aim of the present study is to investigate two aspects of speech: suprasegmental characteristics and syntagmatic relations. More specifically, it focused on the segmentation role of prosody and its interface with the syntagmatic sequence. While certain prosodic boundary tones seem to break speech with correlation to syntactic phrasing, it was found that excessive elongated words are indeed prosodic breaks of various “strong” dependencies. Such a break is not due only to prosody or phonological rules, but can be attributed to the strength of syntagmatic relations (i.e. dependencies) between the elongated word and the word that precedes it, and between the elongated word and the following word. The findings suggest an encompassing approach to the prosody-syntax interface which says that through the elongated boundaries phenomenon, speakers and listeners are exposed to the tension between the prosodic strata and the syntactic strata of language, i.e. between a prosodic break and syntactic continuity. This tension occurs about 10%–18% of spontaneous Israeli Hebrew boundary tones.
cddApp: a Cytoscape app for accessing the NCBI conserved domain database
Authors: Morris John H. , Wu Allan , Yamashita Roxanne A. , Marchler-Bauer Aron , Ferrin Thomas E.
Published: September 2014

Motivation: cddApp is a Cytoscape extension that supports the annotation of protein networks with information about domains and specific functional sites from the National Center for Biotechnology Information’s conserved domain database (CDD). CDD information is loaded for nodes annotated with NCBI numbers or UniProt identifiers and (optionally) Protein Data Bank structures. cddApp integrates with the Cytoscape apps structureViz2 and enhancedGraphics. Together, these three apps provide powerful tools to annotate nodes with CDD domain and site information and visualize that information in both network and structural contexts.

Availability and implementation: cddApp is written in Java and freely available for download from the Cytoscape app store ( http://apps.cytoscape.org ). Documentation is provided at http://www.rbvi.ucsf.edu/cytoscape , and the source is publically available from GitHub http://github.com/RBVI/cddApp .

Contact:  scooter@cgl.ucsf.edu

Supplementary information:  Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients in Victoria's public hospitals
Authors: Barker Lisa A. , Crowe Timothy C.
Published: September 2014

Aim

Poor nutritional status has negative effects on post‐operative outcomes, further compounded by surgical stress and fasting, places gastrointestinal surgery patients at high risk of malnutrition. Recent published research has challenged historic surgical nutrition practices; however, changes to practice in Australia have been slow. The aim of this study was to investigate current nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgery patients and compare this with the best practice guidelines, while exploring enablers to implementation of best practice.

Methods

A 30‐question telephone survey was developed to explore demographics and nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients during pre‐admission, inpatient stay and post‐operative care. Forty‐one gastrointestinal surgery dietitians were identified and contacted from 31 public hospitals in Victoria, Australia, and invited to participate.

Results

Twenty‐five dietitians participated in the survey (response rate 61%). Very few dietitians (12%) were funded for pre‐admission clinics or outpatient clinics, and, overwhelmingly, dietitians reported not being involved in nutritional decision‐making, and reported feeling unsatisfied with current nutritional management of patients. Despite half the hospitals reporting following best practice guidelines, only 22% implemented guidelines completely. There was no correlation observed between dietitian experience, department size or full‐time equivalents allocated to surgery and nutritional intervention; however, the presence of a care pathway made a significant difference to the dietitian's overall satisfaction with dietetic care (P = 0.002).

Conclusions

Current nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgery patients in Victorian hospitals is far from best practice. The implementation of a care pathway is the most effective way of ensuring best practice nutritional management of gastrointestinal surgical patients.
Risk factors for early intrahepatic distant recurrence after radiofrequency ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma in Egyptian patients
Authors: Montasser Mohammed Fawzy , Shaker Mohamed Kamal , Albreedy Ashraf M , Montasser Iman Fawzy , El Dorry Ahmed
Published: September 2014

Objective

Early tumor recurrence, either local or intrahepatic distant recurrence (IDR), after successful radiofrequency ablation (RFA) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains a significant problem. The study aimed to determine the potential risk factors for IDR within one year after successful RFA in HCC patients.

Methods

In total, 105 patients with 138 lesions who underwent RFA and were followed up for at least one year were included in this study. The patients' data was retrospectively reviewed. Multiple host and tumoral potential risk factors were analyzed.

Results

IDR was found in 62 (59.0%) of all patients. Cumulative IDR‐free survival rates in all patients studied were 81.9%, 45.4% and 35.2% at 1, 2 and 3 years, respectively, after RFA. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that both tumor size >2.8 cm and primary multinodular tumors were significant risk factors for IDR within one year after RFA.

Conclusions

Patients with tumors of >2.8 cm in diameter or multinodular HCC should be closely monitored for early recurrence after RFA. Combined or systemic therapies should be tried for these patients to improve their disease‐free and overall survival.
Postgraduate encounters with sub‐disciplinary divides: entering the economic/development geography trading zone
Authors: Horner Rory
Published: September 2014

The identification of, and advocacy for bridging, a divide between economic and development geography has been a focus of considerable recent attention. Yet the practical challenges and opportunities involved in crossing sub‐disciplinary boundaries, particularly at postgraduate level, are rarely examined. The processes which together shape various stages of postgraduate training and research are reflected on here. Through addressing approaches to research on the global South, specifically in the case of India's pharmaceutical industry, it is shown how in‐depth fieldwork, including engagement with the empirical realities of stakeholder interviews, can make sub‐disciplinary boundary crossing a necessity. Opportunities arise for postgraduate students to produce research that cuts across the more established academic boundaries and that may ultimately result in richer geographies of development.
Delayed Haematological recovery after autologous stem cell transplantation is associated with favourable outcome in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Wetzel Dana , Mueller Beatrice U. , Mansouri Taleghani Behrouz , Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Seipel Katja , Leibundgut Kurt , Pabst Thomas
Published: September 2014

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is applied to consolidate first remission in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). However, outcome after ASCT widely varies among AML patients. We analyzed the prognostic significance of haematological recovery for neutrophils [absolute neutrophil count (ANC) >1·0 × 109/l] and platelets (platelet count >20·0 × 109/l), stratifying at day 20 after ASCT in 88 consecutive and homogeneously treated AML patients in first remission. We observed that patients with delayed recovery had better overall survival (OS; ANC: P < 0·0001 and platelets: P = 0·0062) and time to progression (TTP; ANC: P = 0·0003 and platelets: P = 0·0125). Delayed recovery was an independent marker for better OS and TTP in a multivariate analysis including age, gender, number of transfused CD34+ cells, cytogenetics, FLT3‐internal tandem duplication and NPM1 mutation. Our results suggest that delayed neutrophil and platelet recovery is associated with longer OS and TTP in AML patients consolidated with ASCT in first remission.
Discovery of a Potent 9‐Deazaxanthine‐based Agent for the Treatment of Obesity‐Related Non‐alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Chen Jinying , Ma Liang , Huang Li , Xie Caifeng , Pei Heying , He Linhong , Fu Suhong , Chen Lijuan
Published: September 2014

A series of deazaxanthine‐based derivatives were rationally prepared and evaluated. 8g exhibited the most potent glucose‐lowering effect on HepG2 cell line and modulated adiponectin and leptin expression in 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Oral administration of 8g at 25 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks manifested therapeutic effects on high‐fat diet‐induced non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) by decreasing the weights of the body, liver, and fat. 8g also modulated the serum levels of fasting glucose and adiponectin, triglycerides, low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol, and alanine aminotransferase, as well as the hepatic concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol. Moreover, 8g significantly decreased steatosis and blocked the increase of adipocytes and the size of adipose tissues from NAFLD. In the DIO mice model, 8g ameliorated the obesity‐related symptoms and normalized serum biomarkers.
A general metric for the magnitude of observer metamerism
Authors: Sluban Boris , Peyvandi Shahram , Charmchi Avval Shirin , Amirshahi Seyed Hossein
Published: September 2014

Observer metamerism is defined as a property of a pair of spectrally different stimuli having the same colour sensation for an individual (reference) observer. Frequently, samples in this pair no longer match if the observer is changed. In this article, a linear approximation formula is developed that predicts a metameric effect caused by small changes in the observer's colour‐matching functions. This approximation formula enables a general metric of observer metamerism, the observer metamerism potential, to be defined that is independent of any particular deviated observer but still provides a close link to ‘observer‐metameric’ colour difference. Numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the correlation between the observer metamerism potential and the maximum of 53 metameric colour differences caused by the change from the colour‐matching functions of CIE standard 10° observer to the colour‐matching functions of 49 Stiles and Burch's real 10° test observers. The proposed general metric, together with a previous metric proposed by the present authors, the illuminant metamerism potential, could be taken as a quantitative measure of the performance of spectral approximation methods.
The intergenerational transmission of ethnic essentialism: how parents talk counts the most
Authors: Segall Gili , Birnbaum Dana , Deeb Inas , Diesendruck Gil
Published: September 2014

The present study analyzed the role of parents as potential sources of children's essentialist beliefs about ethnicity. We tested 76 parent–child (5‐year‐olds) dyads of Jewish Israeli parents from three social groups, defined by the kindergartens children attended: national religious, secular, or Jewish‐Arab integrated. We assessed parents' and children's beliefs, and parents' usage of ethnic attitudinal and categorization markers in a book‐reading activity. Overall, national religious parents manifested the strongest ethnic essentialism and endorsement of anti‐negotiations with Palestinians, and were the most likely to express negative attitudes and mark ethnic categories in their conversations with their children. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that ethnic categorization in parents' speech was the most reliable predictor of children's ethnic essentialism. Ethnic essentialism is transmitted to children not via explicit communication of intergroup beliefs or attitudes, but rather via the sheer marking of categories in ways that resonate with children's own intuitive ways of conceptualizing the social world.
Micropore characteristics of organic matter pools in cemented and non‐cemented podzolic horizons
Authors: Catoni M. , D'amico M. E. , Mittelmeijer‐Hazeleger M. C. , Rothenberg G. , Bonifacio E.
Published: September 2014

In Podzols, organic matter (OM) is stabilized mainly by interaction with minerals, as a direct consequence of pedogenic processes. Metal–organic associations strongly affect OM surface features, particularly microporosity. Cemented ortstein horizons (CM) may form during podzolization, accompanied by a spatial arrangement of OM on mineral surfaces, which differs from that in non‐cemented horizons (N‐CM). To investigate the metal–organic associations and their changes during pedogenesis, we selected both N‐CM and CM podzolic horizons, isolated NaClO‐resistant OM and compared the specific surface area (SSA) before and after OM oxidation. The SSA was assessed by using N2, to detect the pores in the range of micropores (< 2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm), and CO2, to measure a smaller microporosity (< 0.5 nm), which is not accessible to N2. Only the N‐CM samples showed the typical increase in N2‐SSA after the removal of labile OM, while a decrease was found in all CM horizons. The CO2‐SSA revealed a large number of small micropores characterizing OM, both before and after oxidation. The smallest micropore classes (< 0.5 nm) were, however, more abundant in NaClO‐resistant OM, which had therefore a larger number of N2‐inaccessible surfaces than the labile pool. The N2‐SSA data thus indicated a more homogeneous coverage of mineral surfaces by stabilized OM in CM samples. Because of the abundance of small micropores, OM in these podzolic B horizons had extremely large CO2‐SSA values (about 800 m2 g−1), with sharp differences between the NaClO‐labile OM (290–380 m2 g−1) and the NaClO‐stabilized pool (1380–1860 m2 g−1), thus indicating very reactive illuvial organic materials.
Dams and canyons disrupt gene flow among populations of a threatened riparian plant
Authors: Werth Silke , Schödl Michael , Scheidegger Christoph
Published: September 2014

Natural and man‐made barriers have a significant impact on the population structure and genetic diversity of aquatic species. Little is known whether terrestrial, riparian species are affected in the same way by barriers.

Here, we analysed the genetic structure of a threatened riparian shrub based on 20 microsatellite markers and 1176 individuals collected from 34 localities in four Alpine rivers in Europe (Isar, Lech, Rhine and Tagliamento). The catchments comprised a variety of potential barriers to gene flow for terrestrial riparian plants: dams, channelised stretches of river and canyons. We compared the average level of genetic differentiation (pairwiseFST) between connected localities and localities isolated by natural or man‐made barriers.

Genetic differentiation was higher between localities isolated by a barrier than between connected localities, indicating genetic isolation caused by barriers. This increased degree of genetic differentiation across barriers was evident in geographic tree models.

Our results demonstrate genetic isolation effects due to large dams in a characteristic plant of Central European floodplains, highlighting that these types of barriers may negatively impact riparian plant populations. We also found genetic isolation effects in populations separated by natural barriers (canyons). These results have important implications for understanding the dynamics of riparian plant populations and for designing suitable management strategies for an effective conservation of riparian plants.
Intercropping enhances soil carbon and nitrogen
Authors: Cong Wen‐Feng , Hoffland Ellis , Li Long , Six Johan , Sun Jian‐Hao , Bao Xing‐Guo , Zhang Fu‐Suo , Van Der Werf Wopke
Published: September 2014

Intercropping, the simultaneous cultivation of multiple crop species in a single field, increases aboveground productivity due to species complementarity. We hypothesized that intercrops may have greater belowground productivity than sole crops, and sequester more soil carbon over time due to greater input of root litter. Here, we demonstrate a divergence in soil organic carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content over 7 years in a field experiment that compared rotational strip intercrop systems and ordinary crop rotations. Soil organic C content in the top 20 cm was 4% ± 1% greater in intercrops than in sole crops, indicating a difference in C sequestration rate between intercrop and sole crop systems of 184 ± 86 kg C ha−1 yr−1. Soil organic N content in the top 20 cm was 11% ± 1% greater in intercrops than in sole crops, indicating a difference in N sequestration rate between intercrop and sole crop systems of 45 ± 10 kg N ha−1 yr−1. Total root biomass in intercrops was on average 23% greater than the average root biomass in sole crops, providing a possible mechanism for the observed divergence in soil C sequestration between sole crop and intercrop systems. A lowering of the soil δ15N signature suggested that increased biological N fixation and/or reduced gaseous N losses contributed to the increases in soil N in intercrop rotations with faba bean. Increases in soil N in wheat/maize intercrop pointed to contributions from a broader suite of mechanisms for N retention, e.g., complementary N uptake strategies of the intercropped plant species. Our results indicate that soil C sequestration potential of strip intercropping is similar in magnitude to that of currently recommended management practises to conserve organic matter in soil. Intercropping can contribute to multiple agroecosystem services by increased yield, better soil quality and soil C sequestration.
Elucidating encounters of atypical ductal hyperplasia arising in gynaecomastia
Authors: Wells Justin M , Liu Yifang , Ginter Paula S , Nguyen Michaela T , Shin Sandra J
Published: September 2014

Aims

Atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) rarely arises in gynaecomastia. We set out to understand more clearly the clinical, histological and immunohistochemical features of ADH in this setting.

Methods and results

Twenty‐five cases of ADH arising in gynaecomastia, nine cases of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and 36 cases of gynaecomastia with usual ductal hyperplasia (UDH) were studied. Reviews of clinical, morphological and immunohistochemical findings were performed. The extent of cytokeratin 5/6 (CK5/6) luminal epithelial cell staining was assessed (0% = 0, <10% = 1, 10–50% = 2 and >50% = 3). Oestrogen receptor (ER) was evaluated using the H‐scoring system. The average age of ADH patients was 35 years (range 14–78). ADH was bilateral in 20% and less frequent in active gynaecomastia (24%). ADH often showed a cribriform pattern (72%), with less nuclear variation/size and similar frequency of mitoses than UDH cells. CK5/6 luminal epithelial staining was decreased in ADH (68%) versus UDH (11%). ADH showed high ER expression compared to UDH (H score >270 in 88% and 14%, respectively).

Conclusions

ADH in gynaecomastia can be distinguished from UDH by morphological and immunhistochemical features. We also identified a subset of young patients (<25 years) with extensive bilateral ADH. More studies are needed to characterize this patient subset more clearly.
BUSINESS ANALYTICS IN THE AGE OF BIG DATA
Authors: Vahn Gah‐Yi
Published: September 2014

Gah‐Yi Vahn makes sense of a truly 21st century industry
A BETTER WAY TO GROW?
Authors: Parry Richard
Published: September 2014

Richard Parry describes a framework that any company can utilise to improve their chances of developing, executing and optimising a successful growth strategy
CHANGE
Authors: Hytner Richard
Published: September 2014

The power of a great deputy may be far more important than you ever thought. Richard Hytner ventures into the shadows
OFFICE SPACE
Authors: Hermida Inés
Published: September 2014

Inés Hermida, head of health and beauty at Whole Foods Market UK, invites us into her office
MAKING CHOICES: BRYNNE HERBERT
Authors: Chynoweth Carly
Published: September 2014

Who received her MBA from LBS in 2012 is the Founder & CEO of MOVE Guides