bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Domain Adaptation for Performance Enhancement of Deep Learning Models for Remote Sensing Scenes Classification
Authors: Lasloum Tariq , Ben Youssef Belgacem , Alhichri Haikel
Published: December 2024

Deep neural networks and in particular Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) are considered to be the state-of-the-art tools for scene classification. However, training deep CNN models requires huge amounts of labeled data to achieve excellent classification accuracy. Thus, an important goal in deep learning is how to reduce the data labelling burden. Domain Adaptation (DA) is the main technique in this regard. The goal is to classify the target domain correctly by learning from the source domain. This chapter examines the basic concepts required to understand RS. Then, it proceeds to describe in detail a method for multi-source semi-supervised domain adaptation in remote sensing scene classification called Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation Network (SSDAN). Performance results in terms of overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient values obtained when conducting experiments using single-source, two-source, and three-source scenarios are also provided. The achieved results of these two metrics reached values of more than 99%, demonstrating the efficacy of the SSDAN method.
Fitness Activity Recognition Using Machine Learning Techniques
Authors: Ben Ismail Mohamed Maher , Al-Ali Yasser , Bchir Ouiem
Published: December 2024

In today's world of technological advancement, smartphones have become akin to a cybernetic implant for most people. Those phones that we carry everywhere are capable of doing things from taking pictures to tracking the number of steps we take. Fitness activities can be recognized using the smartphone's inertial sensors. Moreover, machine learning can be exploited to design predictive or descriptive models able to discover and/or predict fitness activity patterns with better accuracy. As different fitness activities exhibit different patterns and characteristics, classifying them would allow the users to better track their performance, endurance and calories burned. This chapter introduces a ML-based system that can accurately recognize the user's fitness activity. Specifically, deep learning models were investigated to automatically map the signals captured by the sensors of the user's smart device into some pre-defined classes of fitness activities. The designed models were implemented, validated, and tested using standard benchmark datasets and appropriate performance measures.
Harnessing High-Performance Computing for AI-Driven Energy Harvesting and Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Godwin Immanuel D. , Poospadi Dhivakar , Kumar Chevuri Pavan , Kumar S. Senthil , Manikandan R.
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores how high-performance computing (HPC) can be a transformative force towards further acceleration of AI-driven energy harvesting and environmental monitoring systems. With increasing demand for sustainable energy solutions and effective environmental management, this affords a golden opportunity through the integration of HPC and AI, which can largely optimize the processing of large datasets with respect to energy collection and increase monitoring precision. The methods used in harvesting renewable energy, such as solar and wind-based methods using AI algorithms, that analyze the energy output to optimize system efficiencies, are discussed. The chapter also discusses how HPC allows real-time analysis of environmental data that can be used in decision-making and in being proactive when there are changes in ecosystems. Case studies that focus on successful implementations show the synergistic benefits of this integration, which may directly contribute to the global sustainability agenda.
AI-Driven Energy Optimization in High-Performance Computing
Authors: Subashree S. , Akila T. , Dwaramwar Pravin A , Chandra Saurabh , Kshirsagar Ketki P.
Published: December 2024

The rapid digital transformation in this era has led to the rise of high-performance computing (HPC) systems as a hub for addressing computationally intensive requirements, but their energy consumption is also a growing concern due to sustainability efforts. This chapter surveys the potential transformative impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in optimizing energy management in the context of HPC systems. With machine learning algorithms and predictive analytics, an AI system can dynamically adapt to power use levels, optimize workload distributions, and reduce energy consumption without compromising computational performance. The techniques discussed in this chapter include AI-driven techniques founded on computational methods such as reinforcement learning and neural network models that change HPC workloads appropriately to support real-time decision-making and energy-efficient operations. This chapter presents successful AI-based system implementations while highlighting high performance and energy savings.
Application of Federated Learning and Gestural Technology in Healthcare
Authors: Indhumathi C. , Hameed Shaik Abdul , Jothilakshmi R. , A. Syed Musthafa , Babu M. Ramesh , Muthuvel S.
Published: December 2024

This chapter explores the integration of federated learning and gestural technology in the healthcare sector, aiming to enhance patient care, diagnostics, and treatment. Federated learning allows decentralized machine learning models to train on patient data from multiple healthcare institutions while maintaining privacy, making it ideal for protecting sensitive medical data. Gestural technology is mainly utilized in human-computer interaction to assist healthcare professionals in the management of accessibility and usability of healthcare systems, especially during remote diagnostics and rehabilitation. The integration of these two technologies ensures that individualized care can be achieved, workflow operations streamlined, and outcomes improved without compromising data security. It also explores use cases of telemedicine, rehabilitation, and clinical decision support, addressing challenges like data privacy, model accuracy, and technical integration.
Integrating IoT and Machine Learning for Advanced Nuclear Structure Analysis
Authors: Muthukumar R. , Harekal Divakar , Sharif Sk. Mastan , Poosapadi Dhivakar , Kumar P. Suresh , Sudhakar M.
Published: December 2024

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine Learning (ML) technologies presents groundbreaking advancements in nuclear structure analysis. This chapter explores how IoT devices and sensors, combined with ML algorithms, can enhance the precision and efficiency of nuclear research. IoT enables real-time data collection from various sensors distributed across nuclear facilities, providing a comprehensive view of nuclear reactions and structural parameters. ML algorithms then process and analyze this vast amount of data, identifying patterns and anomalies that traditional methods might miss. The chapter discusses the implementation of advanced ML techniques such as neural networks and ensemble methods for predictive modeling and anomaly detection in nuclear systems. It also highlights the challenges and potential solutions related to data integration, security, and computational demands. The convergence of IoT and ML in nuclear structure analysis promises significant improvements in safety, operational efficiency, and research capabilities.
Playing to Win
Authors: Badreldin Omar M. , Adris Alaa-Eldin M. , Labib Heba
Published: December 2024

Digital transformations often struggle due to employee resistance and low engagement. Gamification, incorporating game elements into non-game settings, tackles these issues. This study explored gamification's impact on a news organization's digital transformation. A gamification technique implemented with 164 journalists for five months. Results showed a significant increase in digital transformation metrics, indicating successful behavior change. Points, rankings, and badges were the most effective elements. Surveys confirmed this, with 80% of participants finding it appealing and 83.7% more interested in learning new digital methods. This research shows gamification can be a powerful tool for successful digital transformation by driving positive behavior changes, increasing engagement, and reducing resistance to change. These findings offer valuable insights for organizations undergoing digital transformations.
Digital Transformation of Non-Governmental Organizations in Egypt
Authors: Moaz Asmaa , Awny Mohamed Mamdouh
Published: December 2024

This study explores the drivers and challenges of digital transformation in Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in Egypt, aiming to provide insights and best practices for decision-makers to enhance the success of digital initiatives in this sector. Utilizing a quantitative research methodology, the online survey gathered responses from 187 participants to collect comprehensive data. Key internal drivers identified include data-driven decision-making (24%), operational efficiency (23%), and employee empowerment (14%). A significant external driver is the competitive environment, noted by 31% of respondents. Major challenges include limited financial resources (52%), inadequate technology infrastructure (43%), and resistance to change (35%). This research proposes a framework for digital transformation in NGOs, featuring five main pillars and 12 sub-pillars. Additionally, a Digital Readiness Score (DRS) tool has been introduced to assess the readiness of NGOs for digital initiatives, offering a structured approach to navigate the transformation process effectively.
Introduction to AI in Robotics and Drones
Authors: Gupta Brij B. , Gaurav Akshat , Colace Francesco
Published: December 2024

This chapter introduces the revolutionary impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on industrial robotics and drones, providing a foundation for understanding the integration of AI technologies in these fields. It covers the evolution of AI-driven systems, highlighting significant milestones and projecting future trends. The chapter aims to set the stage for the ensuing discussion by presenting the broad applications of AI in enhancing the capabilities of robots and drones, from manufacturing and logistics to surveillance and agriculture. It also addresses the societal and economic implications of widespread AI adoption in industrial robotics and drones, underscoring the potential for transformative change across various sectors.
Preferences of Kazakhstan Students and Faculty for Knowledge Transfer
Authors: Jumasseitova Assel Kenesovna , Potluri Rajasekhara Mouly , Kaidarova Nazym
Published: December 2024

The focus of this research is to know the preferential displays of students and academic staff concerning Kazakhstan's online and offline knowledge transfer activities. After garnering the pertinent information on knowledge transfer activities, the authors administered two self-administered questionnaires for students and academic staff after checking the reliability and validity of the instrument by using McDonald Omega and Bartlett's tests. They summarized, coded, decoded, and analyzed data collected from 4,765 students and 424 academic staff by using Microsoft Excel, MATLAB, and R Language R Studio. The researchers also analyzed selected hypotheses by using the Kruskal-Wallis hypothesis testing technique. Astonishingly, most students from social sciences prefer the online mode of transformation of knowledge to science students who opt for face-to-face because of the nature of the discipline and the similar opinions expressed by academic staff. During the pandemic, academia depended only on the online mode of knowledge transfer.
RESIDÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA EM REDE
Authors: Oliveira Junior Nestor Barbosa de , Ramos Luiza Olívia Lacerda
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar a construção do site do Subprojeto Biologia da Universidade Federal da Bahia, no contexto das atividades de regência remota, decorrentes da situação pandêmica iniciada em 2020. Como parte de um conjunto de produtos digitais, o desenvolvimento do sítio eletrônico surge como expectativa de engajar estudantes da educação básica, através de uma série de publicações em formato de texto, organizadas com linguagem acessível, dinâmica e comprometida com temas sociais. Esse desafio envolveu etapas como montagem de equipes, reuniões coletivas, construção do site e curadoria das postagens. Durante o período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2021 foram produzidos e publicados 27 textos que abordam diferentes conteúdos de Biologia, transversalizados por tópicos como saúde pública, história das ciências e questões étnico-raciais. A experiência possibilitou vivenciar diferentes dimensões de aprendizados, desde o aprofundamento teórico-metodológico – que incluiu as Tecnologias Digitais – até a apresentação de trabalhos que refletem as implicações do site na dinâmica de regência de licenciandos. Conforme sua condução, o processo de elaboração do site propiciou aos residentes atingirem os diferentes objetivos do programa, promover o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades enriquecedoras da formação dos licenciandos.
PROGRAMA IMERSÃO DOCENTE, ENSINO REMOTO EMERGENCIAL E PEDAGOGIA DE PROJETOS
Authors: Menezes Evandro Carvalho de , Caldeira Maria Carolina da Silva , Faria Elisa Sampaio de
Published: December 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre as possibilidades de formação docente construídas no Programa Imersão Docente (PID), desenvolvido no Centro Pedagógico da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (CP/UFMG), no contexto do Ensino Remoto Emergencial (ERE) instituído por causa da pandemia de Covid-19 em 2021. O PID se caracteriza pela imersão de licenciandos/as no cotidiano de uma escola de ensino fundamental de tempo integral como monitores/as, orientados/as por docentes da escola, para que, por meio dessa experiência, construam saberes acerca do ser professor/a. Com a suspensão das aulas presenciais, foi necessário reconfigurar as ações do Programa para que os/as monitores/as pudessem ter experiências formativas no ERE. Um dos trabalhos desenvolvidos no PID ao longo do ERE procurou construir conhecimentos em relação à Pedagogia de Projetos, por meio do desenvolvimento de um Projeto de Trabalho cuja temática era a própria Pedagogia de Projetos. Neste artigo, reflete-se sobre as percepções dos/as monitores/as acerca da Pedagogia de Projetos e as ressignificações sobre os modelos de escola no âmbito desse Projeto de Trabalho. Conclui-se que a adoção da Pedagogia de Projetos como metodologia para a formação docente inicial durante a pandemia constituiu-se como alternativa relevante, possibilitando a construção coletiva de conhecimentos teóricos e práticos.
Enhancing the Mechanical Properties of Cement-Stabilized Soil Using Microcellulose and Styrene-Butadiene Emulsion
Authors: Pongmuksuwan Pornlada , Kitisatorn Wanlop
Published: December 2024

In geotechnical engineering, the enhancement of soil properties is crucial for cost-effective construction practices. This study investigates the impact of incorporating microcrystalline cellulose into styrene-butadiene emulsion modified cement-stabilized soils. The mechanical properties, including unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and indirect tensile strength (ITS), were evaluated alongside morphological analysis using scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that the addition of microcrystalline cellulose influences the mechanical behavior of the composite material in a nuanced manner. At lower microcrystalline cellulose content (1%), an improvement in tensile strength is observed due to enhanced interfacial bonding between cellulose hydroxyl groups and styrene-butadiene emulsion surfactants. However, at higher microcrystalline cellulose content (2% and 3%), a reduction in tensile strength occurs, attributed to hindered cement hydration. Nonetheless, the incorporation of styrene-butadiene emulsion contributes to the transition from brittle to ductile behavior, enhancing toughness. Morphological analysis corroborates these findings, highlighting the complex interactions between microcrystalline cellulose, styrene-butadiene emulsion, and cement-stabilized soils. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the mechanical performance of polymer-modified cement-stabilized soils, paving the way for the development of sustainable construction materials with improved resilience and durability.
Cooling, Microstructure and Properties of Permanent Steel Mold Cast Wrought AZ80 Alloy with Varying Casting Wall Sizes
Authors: Ying Lance , Shen Wu Tian , Hu Anita , Hu Henry
Published: December 2024

The wrought magnesium alloy AZ80, comprising 8 wt% aluminum, underwent fabrication via permanent steel mold casting (PSMC), involving three distinct stages with wall sizes measuring 6 mm, 10 mm, and 20 mm. The numerical simulation of the solidification showed that the cooling rate of the step casting increased, when the wall size decreased. The as-cast alloy's microstructure underwent scrutiny through optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), complemented by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Findings from the microstructure examinations unveiled the presence of primary Mg phase across all three sections of the cast AZ80 alloy, accompanied by micron and nanosized Mg-Al-Zn intermetallic phases, as well as micron-sized Al-Mn intermetallic phases. But the intermetallic contents increased, and the dendrite sizes and the porosity levels decreased, as the wall sizes reduced. The tensile testing results revealed significant findings regarding the ultimate tensile strength (UTS), yield strength (YS), modulus, resilience, and toughness, increased, when the wall sizes decreased to 6 from 20 mm. The negative effect of large casting wall sizes on ductility was demonstrated. Exceptional tensile properties of the thin wall resulted from fine dendritic structure, high intermetallic content, and minimal porosity level.
Use of Cement and Aggregates Substitution for Production of Hybrid Cost-Effective and Sustainable High-Strength Concretes
Authors: Aulia Teuku Budi , Zardan M. , Abdullah Nora , Yusra Andi , Jalil Zulkarnain , Handoko Erfan , Rahmawati Cut
Published: December 2024

High-strength concretes made with a lot of cement and good quality aggregates added with additives and admixtures causing expensive costs. Conversely, cement manufacturing is not environment friendly due to using many natural raw materials and delivers CO2 to atmosphere triggering global warming. Moreover, aggregates availability deriving from river reduces over time, almost 60% of civil engineering infrastructures in world are made with concrete. The purpose of this research is to study effectiveness of using cement substitute materials derived from natural geopolymer pozzolanic ash and aggregates substitute derived from palm oil mill waste in high-strength reinforced concrete beams. These local materials are abundantly available in nature but have not been used, which are utilized together to produce hybrid high-strength concrete. The test investigated was shear capacity of reinforced concrete beams in anticipating earthquake-prone areas of Indonesia. Hybrid reinforced concrete beams made with 10% pozzolanic ash as cement substitution, 20% palm oil blast furnace slag as fine aggregates substitution, and 40% palm oil shell chunks as coarse aggregates substitution. Dimensions of beams were 150 x 300 x 2200mm. To ensure shear failure emergence, beams were strengthened with longitudinal tensile reinforcement 4 D 18.9mm, longitudinal compression reinforcement 2 D 15.8mm, and shear reinforcement Ø 6 – 300 mm, resulting in capacity ratio of bending to shear 2.29. Results showed that hybrid high-strength reinforced concrete beam could reach 81.14% of shear capacity of plain beam without material substitutions, but compressive strength could significantly be increased by 130.54% and flexural tensile strength of 122.67% compared to plain high-strength concrete.
Advancing Environmental Protection: Monolithic Bentonite and Zeolite-Clay Adsorbents for Fe2+ Ion Removal
Authors: Darmadi Darmadi , Zaki Muhammad , Adisalamun Adisalamun , Chairunnisak Aula
Published: December 2024

Clay minerals possess substantial potential for developing innovative functional materials, particularly in the context of environmental protection. This study focuses on the adsorbent zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay, shaped into honeycomb monoliths to efficiently remove Fe2+ ions from water. The process involved physically activating powdered zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay through calcination at 600°C. The activated materials were then mixed with distilled water and molded into monolithic shapes through extrusion with stainless steel molds, resulting in cylindrical structures measuring 1.8 cm in diameter and 2 cm in height, featuring 40 perforations. Mechanical characterization aimed to evaluate structural strength and assess pressure drop during operation, revealing superior mechanical strength in bentonite-clay compared to zeolite-clay. The monolithic form exhibited lower pressure drop during operation compared to pellet adsorbents. In terms of adsorption performance, a batch reactor assessed efficiency, isotherm, and kinetics with 2 and 4 ppm Fe2+ ion solutions over a 240-minute period. The zeolite-clay monolith demonstrated the highest capacity, achieving a removal efficiency of up to 65%. Maximal adsorption capacities for bentonite-clay and zeolite-clay were 0.209 and 0.289 mg/g, respectively, with corresponding Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constants (KL) of 0.187 and 0.181 L/g by the Langmuir isotherm model. Kinetic analysis favored the pseudo-first-order non-linear model, indicating rates for zeolite-clay and bentonite-clay adsorbents at 2 and 4 ppm Fe2+ ion concentrations of 0.0043, 0.0030, 0.0039, and 0.0038 min-1. This study signifies a significant advancement in solid adsorbents, optimizing the adsorption process for broader applications.
Effect of Antifreeze on the Low-Temperature Properties of Magnesium Phosphate Cement Concrete
Authors: Wang Zhi Jun , Li Wei Jian , Zhao Ming Liang
Published: December 2024

Magnesium phosphate cement concrete (MPCC) has high early strength, which is conducive to achieving rapid repair of winter concrete pavements under no-maintenance conditions. In this paper, we investigated the influence mechanism of four cement antifreeze components on the mechanical and durability properties of MPCC under the severe cold environment, focusing on the development law of the performance of MPCC as a rapid repair material for pavements. The results show that the antifreeze effect of MPCC antifreeze components under severe cold environments is contrasted as MgCl2> Mg (NO3)2> Ethylene glycol > Mg (NO2)2. However, the addition of antifreeze components, especially inorganic salt antifreeze components, will also have an adverse effect on the antifreeze resistance of concrete during the service period.
Influence of Temperature on Strength and Elastic Stiffness Behaviours of Ottawa Sand under Triaxial Compression Test
Authors: Jariyatatsakorn Kosit , Kongkitkul Warat
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the influence of temperature on the shear strength and elastic stiffness of sand under triaxial compression (TC) test. Air-dried Ottawa sand specimens were prepared to avoid pore pressure induced during shearing. Ottawa sand, widely used in geotechnical engineering research, was selected for these TC tests. The sample was first drained and then heated to different target temperatures (i.e., 30, 45 and 60°C), which were maintained constant during the tests. After heating, the sample was sheared under a constant cell pressure and temperature. Small strain-amplitude cyclic loading was applied successively at different shear stress levels to investigate the elastic Young’s modulus (Eeq) behaviour. The results revealed that the peak shear strength increased with increasing temperature. For Eeq values, a clear relationship with temperature was observed, indicating that elastic stiffness of Ottawa sand also increased with temperature. These findings are significant as they demonstrate that temperature variations can markedly affect the mechanical behaviour of sand, which is important for understanding and predicting the performance of geotechnical structures subjected to thermal effects. Moreover, a sudden drop of stress can be observed as a phenomenon commonly observed in round particle shapes.
Characterization of Bio-Sorbent from the Pyrolysis of Patchouli Dregs to Remove Methylene Blue Dyes
Authors: Fazira Zetta , Hasyim Mariana , Putra Erwinsyah , Pratama Wijaya , Suraiya Suraiya , Muchtar Syawaliah , Gani Asri , Mulana Farid
Published: December 2024

Increasing textile production leads to a corresponding rise in dye waste, including substances such as methylene blue. Methylene blue poses a significant environmental challenge due to its non-biodegradable nature and high toxicity, which can adversely affect both human health and ecosystems. To address this issue, various methodologies have been explored, with adsorption emerging as a promising technique. This study focuses on employing adsorption utilizing an adsorbent derived from patchouli dregs and activated using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The research commenced with the pyrolysis of patchouli dregs at different temperatures: 300°C, 340°C, and 380°C for 1.5 hours. Subsequently, chemical activation was carried out using HCl solutions with concentrations of 0.3 M, 0.5 M, and 0.7 M. The resulting activated adsorbent underwent characterization to assess its morphological structure, functional groups, and crystalline composition. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed prominent pores in the patchouli dregs adsorbent post-activation, with a size of 14.699 μm. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis demonstrated an irregular microcrystalline structure and amorphous nature of the activated patchouli dregs adsorbent. Additionally, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis identified active functional groups including O-H, C=O, C=C, C≡C, and C=H, which facilitate methylene blue adsorption. Characterization of the various iterations of the patchouli dregs adsorbent confirmed its suitability for methylene blue adsorption, meeting the quality standards outlined in SNI 06-3730-1995. These standards include a water content of 1.935%, ash content of 7.568%, and iodine adsorption capacity of 1,270.41 mg/g. In summary, this study elucidates the potential of patchouli dregs-derived adsorbents activated with hydrochloric acid for effective methylene blue removal, providing insights into their morphological, structural, and functional characteristics crucial for addressing the challenges associated with textile dye waste management.
Wasting Among School Children and Its Association in Nuwara-Eliya District, Sri Lanka
Authors: Rathnayake R. M. L.
Published: December 2024

The prevalence of child wasting is a leading issue of a child’s physical and mental development. Wasting is assessed by measuring the Weight for Height (WFH) Z score. WFH is a measure of acute or short-term exposure to a negative environment and is one of the major three forms of undernutrition. Identifying the different relationships with wasting is important in the attempt to drop the prevalence of wasting to achieve an effective nation through well-nourished children. The objective of this study is to identify the associations between wasting among schoolchildren and different phenomena in Sri Lanka based on the Nuwara-Eliya district. A sample survey was conducted to collect data using a structured questionnaire in this study. Three hundred seventy-eight (378) schoolchildren studying in grade 6 (11 years old) were selected for the study. Multistage stratified random sampling was employed as the sampling technique. Wasting was measured using the Weight for Height (WFH) Z score using SPSS software. A parametric statistical test, the t-test and a non-parametric statistical test, the chi-square test was applied in the study in investigating the relationships. A chi-square test was applied to find out the relationships between wasting and categorical variables. For the relationship between wasting and continuous variables, a t-test was employed. In addition, descriptive statistics were applied in data analysis. A study found that the percentage of children suffering from wasting is 27.5%. The incidence of wasting is more related to low-income families, poverty, mothers working in the private sector, female children, families with more children, young mothers, no-schooling mothers and never married parents because of their higher prevalence of wasting than other groups. Thus, the study suggests an urgent need for more effective policies targeting to decrease the high prevalence of wasting among the children who belonged to these groups.
The Role of Human Resources Flexibility in Strategic Thinking of Strategic Level Military Officers of Sri Lanka Air Force
Authors: Ranamukha N. C.
Published: December 2024

This paper explores the impact of human resources flexibility on strategic thinking among strategic level officers in the Sri Lanka Air Force (SLAF). Given the dynamic and uncertain nature of modern military and strategic environments, the study highlights the critical role of flexible human capital management in fostering effective strategic thinking. The research adopts a quantitative approach to assess various dimensions of human resources flexibility , including behavioral, skill, and task flexibility. The population considered for this research was the officers currently serving Sri Lanka Air Force in the rank of Wing Commander and above. Data were gathered through a questionnaires and were analyzed using Smart PLS software. The findings reveal that flexible human resources significantly enhance the capacity of SLAF officers to develop innovative and responsive strategies, thereby improving organizational effectiveness. The study highlights that behavioral flexibility enables officers to adapt to diverse scenarios, while skill flexibility ensures continuous learning and adaptation to new challenges. Task flexibility further supports efficient resource allocation and role versatility, contributing to overall strategic agility. The paper concludes that human resources flexibility is essential for military organizations to navigate complex security landscapes and maintain operational readiness. It suggests that fostering an organizational culture that promotes continuous learning, adaptability, and proactive problem-solving is crucial for sustaining strategic advantage. Future research should focus on longitudinal studies to evaluate the long-term effects of human resources flexibility on strategic outcomes in military contexts. The findings have broader implications for policy development and strategic management within defence sectors throughout the world.
Non-Professional Sources of Breastfeeding Advice Received During Antenatal Period by Primiparous Mothers Admitted to the Teaching Hospital, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
Authors: Rahinduwa B. K. , Navaratna S. , Dissanayaka P. V.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Inadequate information before childbirth can result in improper breastfeeding practices. While professional guidance is essential, family and friends also play a significant role in providing breastfeeding support to mothers. However, there is a notable knowledge gap regarding non-professional sources of breastfeeding information available to first-time mothers in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to identify non-healthcare professional sources of breastfeeding advice, such as family and friends with prior breastfeeding experience, accessed by primiparous mothers during pregnancy.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using a self-administered, pre-tested questionnaire distributed among 262 primipara mothers. Data were gathered regarding impact of the family/ friends on providing information regarding breastfeeding. The sociodemographic characteristics were examined using frequency distributions, with summary statistics and bar graphs employed for visual representation. The Chi-square test was used to compare independent and dependent variables.Results: Primiparous mothers received information from both professional (95%) and non-professional sources (89.2%). The primary non-professional source was their own mother (75%), followed by contributions from mother-in-law, sisters, friends, and colleagues. The topics discussed included breastfeeding techniques, common problems and remedies, assessing breastfeeding adequacy, and the use of formula milk. Additionally, the internet was the most widely used non-human source of information, with 66.9% of mothers accessing it for breastfeeding-related guidance.Conclusion: The present study concludes that a significant proportion of pregnant mothers receive information on breastfeeding initiation, techniques, and managing problems from close family members and friends. However, since the study did not assess the quality and accuracy of the information provided, further qualitative research or studies with a broader scope are recommended to evaluate these aspects.
A Rare Case of Secondary Amenorrhoea Due to a Congenital Anomaly in a a Young Female Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Hettiarachchi N. P. , Ganashiam N. , Ranatunga R. M. D. B. , Abeykoon W.
Published: December 2024

Unilateral ovarian agenesis affects approximately 1 in 11,240 women while bilateral agenesis is even rarer. A 22-year-old Sri Lankan single woman and also a university undergraduate presented with a five-year absence of menstruation. She denied sexual activity, contraceptive use, or significant medical history. Physical examination revealed Tanner Stage III breasts and scanty hair. Investigations showed an atrophic uterus, congenital bilateral ovarian anomaly, and elevated FSH levels. Karyotyping performed on follow-up revealed a 46, XX genotype. The management involved a diagnostic laparoscopy, confirming intra-abdominal findings without complications. The post-operative follow-up was unremarkable. This case underscores the rarity of congenital bilateral ovarian anomaly in young women, presenting challenges in diagnosis and management. Despite extensive evaluation, including diagnostic laparoscopy and karyotyping, the exact aetiology remains elusive. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of this rare condition and guide future management strategies.
Visually Enhanced Lesion Scope Versus Toluidine Blue Test for Early Diagnosis of Oral Cancer and Oral Potentially Malignant Disorders: A Prospective, Diagnostic Accuracy Comparison Study
Authors: Gayathry V. A. , Hettiarachchi P. V. K. S. , Siriwardene B. S. M. S. , Wijeyasinghe W. M. D. L. , Jayasinghe R. D.
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Early identification of dysplasia is crucial in managing oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Adjunct techniques facilitate the oral examination (OE) to diagnose early oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and high-risk OPMDs. Our study aims to compare the efficacy of VELscope with Toluidine blue test (TBT) in the early detection of oral dysplasia (OD).Materials and Methods: A total of 51 patients clinically diagnosed with OPMD and early oral cancer were subjected to VELscope examination and TBT followed by histopathological investigation. Lesions with loss of auto-fluorescence and royal blue staining were considered as positive for VELscope and TBT respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were obtained for each test and combined tests.Results: In 38 OPMDs, VELScope and TBT detected 12 and 10 cases as true positives and 4 and 9 cases as true negatives respectively. Out of 12 OSCCs, VELscope and TBT detected 10 and 9 cases as true positives respectively. The overall efficacies of VELscope and TBT in the diagnosis of both OPMDs and malignant lesions were as follows: 66.6% and 57.6% sensitivity, 22.2% and 50% specificity, 61% and 67.9% PPV, 26% and 39% NPV respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of combined tests with the diagnosis of dysplasia and OSCC were 78.8%, 22.2%, 65%, and 36.4% respectively.Conclusion: Combined tests have more sensitivity than individual tests. Concerning the individual tests, TBT results are more reliable than the VELscope test.
Compliance With Diet and Physical Activity Recommendations Among Obese Patients Seeking Nutritional Therapy: A Hospital-Based Study in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dalpatadu S. A. C. , Navamani S. A. K. , Jayatissa R. , Dalpatadu K. C. S.
Published: December 2024

Aims: This study aimed to identify the adherence of healthy dietary patterns and physical activity among the obese population seeking nutritional therapy.Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 obese patients, seeking nutritional therapy for the first time. Dietary patterns and physical activity levels were assessed via a 7-day food diary and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire, respectively. Pearson’s Chi-square (χ2) tests and Fisher’s exact tests were used to test the relationship between factors.Results: The majority of the participants were female (85.3%) and were above 45 years (51.2%). Out of all the patients, 30.7% of patients were morbidly obese and 28.4%, 7.3%, 64.2%, 16.2% and 5.7% of patients had unhealthy dietary patterns of carbohydrates, fats, fruits, salt and sugar respectively. Morbid obesity was associated with unhealthy dietary patterns of carbohydrates, proteins and fruits. A significant proportion (61.0%) of patients did not exercise. In addition, 47.2% of the population had at least one co-morbidity, with dyslipidaemia being the most common. Fast food consumption and reduced fruit intake were significantly associated with the presence of co-morbidities.Conclusions: Most adults in this study did not adhere to the recommended diet and physical activity levels. there is a need to encourage healthy eating and adequate exercise to prevent the development of obesity and other non-communicable diseases.
Hyperuricemia in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bahawalpur Pakistan
Authors: Butt N. I. , Ghoauri M. S. A. , Dur-e-Sabeh  , Hasnain M. , Waris Barak
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is linked to increased morbidity and diabetes complications, making early identification and treatment crucial for reducing the disease burden. Studies in Pakistan indicate variations in the prevalence of hyperuricemia among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Objective: To determine the prevalence of hyperuricemia in T2DM patients at a tertiary care hospital in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.Material & Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Bahawal Victoria Hospital. T2DM was defined as HbA1c level of 6.5% or higher, a fasting plasma glucose level of 126 mg/dL or higher, or a 2-hour plasma glucose level of 200 mg/dL or higher during an oral glucose tolerance test. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid >7.0 mg/dl in males and >6.0 mg/dl in females. Exclusions included patients on thiazide diuretics, with malignancies, end-stage kidney disease, chronic liver disease, or pregnant women. Data from medical records of 240 T2DM patients were collected from March to August 2024, focusing on demographics, diabetes control, HbA1c levels, and complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, applying Fischer’s Exact test and Chi-Square test with p <0.05 significance. Results: Mean age was 55.5+14.7 years, having a female preponderance (124, 51.7%). Mean diabetes duration was 7.1+5.6 years with the majority of patients having poor diabetes control (178, 74.2%). Nephropathy was seen in 27 (11.3%) and ischemic heart disease in 41 (17.1%). Hyperuricemia was present in 21 (8.8%) patients, showing significant association with diabetes duration and nephropathy.Conclusion: Hyperuricemia was not uncommon, with longer diabetes duration and the presence of nephropathy increasing the risk.
A Rare Case of Portal Vein Thrombosis Due to Portal Vein Aneurysm. Case Report and the Review of the Literature
Authors: Arudchelvam J.
Published: December 2024

A portal vein aneurysm (PVA) is an abnormal dilatation of the portal vein measuring more than 19 mm in patients with portal hypertension and more than 15 mm in individuals with normal portal venous pressure. PVA is rare accounting for only 0.06% to 3.0% of the visceral vessels’ aneurysms. This case report is about a 20-year-old female who presented with portal vein (PV) and superior mesenteric vein (SMV) thrombosis with PVA. She was managed with anticoagulation. At 8 years of follow-up, she was symptom-free and did not have evidence of portal hypertension.
Method validation and antioxidant activities of Hyperacanthus amoenus and Carissa bispinosa
Authors: Kgosana Kedibone G. , Matlala Tirelo
Published: December 2024

Plant foliages used as feed additives pose a health risk due to high oxidant concentrations. Oxidants cause oxidative stress and high rate of morbidities and mortalities. Hence, the aim of the study was to validate the methods to quantify gallic acid (GA) and quercetin (Q) as putative antioxidants, and to evaluate antioxidant activities in feed (F), Hyperacanthus amoenus (HA) and Carissa bispinosa (CB) extracts. Extraction was carried out with 62.5% methanol. Method validations for linearity, accuracy and precision were performed on high performance liquid chromatography. Quantitative analysis of GA and Q and testing of 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activities in the extracts were performed. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.011 µg/mL and 0.032 µg/mL were determined in HA, respectively. The methods were accurate and precise as the relative standard deviations (%RSD) were less than 15%. The GA concentrations in CB and HA extracts were statistically significant (p  0.05) and their values were 0.65 ± 0.03 x 106 µg/kg dry weight (DW) (0.13%) and 0.28 ± 0.06 x 106 µg/kg DW (0.002%), respectively. All extracts showed very strong radical scavenging activities with their IC50 values ranging between 5.87 µg/mL and 6.86 µg/mL.Contribution: These accurate, repeatable, precise and reliable methods can be used to provide a valuable basis for GA and Q analysis in various shrub foliages. Though high GA concentrations have potential to act as antioxidants, they may have adverse health and growth performance effects when used as feed additives, while lower Q concentrations may have no effects on livestock.
A Prospective Single-Arm Cohort Study of Immune-mediated Seizures/Epilepsy Without Encephalopathy (ISEWE) in Children from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India
Authors: Thanuja Basavanagowda , Kamate Mahesh
Published: December 2024

Acute-onset seizures in children pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Some epilepsy cases presenting with seizures but without encephalopathy, though treatable with immunotherapy, are often missed due to lack of suspicion of immune mechanism in the context of absent encephalitis. A prospective study was conducted on premorbidly normal children with new-onset seizures occurring in clusters, with normal neuroimaging. Investigations included electroencephalogram (EEG), cerebrospinal fluid examination, and testing for autoantibodies. All cases received methylprednisolone pulse therapy along with antiseizure medications (ASMs), followed by monthly dexamethasone oral pulse therapy. Fifteen cases were enrolled (11 males, four females). Mean age at seizure onset was 4.6 years. Focal seizures were present in 13/15 (86.7%) cases. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was normal in all. EEG showed interictal epileptiform discharges in 12 cases (focal in nine) and ictal record in two cases. On monthly oral steroids, number of ASMs could be reduced. Eight cases never had a relapse, while seven did have it. Relapses were more common if more than three ASMs were tried and less if steroids were started within 30 days. Immune-mediated seizures/epilepsy without encephalopathy is a new, important, and treatable entity. Early diagnosis and institution of immunotherapy results in significant improvement in seizure control and also reduces the need for long-term polytherapy. Awareness of this entity is crucial, especially when premorbidly normal children present with new-onset clusters of refractory seizures.
Donovanosis: Case series of a rare entity in the background of declining incidence worldwide
Authors: Sriram C. K. , Krishnaram A. S.
Published: December 2024

Donovanosis is a rare bacterial sexually transmitted disease caused by Klebsiella granulomatis and has an indolent course. Clinically it manifests as an ulcer with exuberant granulation tissue most commonly in the genital and rarely in extragenital sites. Nowadays, case reports of Donovanosis are infrequent and are considered an ignored sexually transmitted infection in the current antibiotic era. Here, we are reporting three interesting case series of Donovanosis because of its rarity and clinical interest.
Multifaceted lichen planus: Vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome with coexisting cutaneous, nail, and hair manifestations in a singular clinical saga
Authors: Rajenesh Anjana , Gupta Sharang , Chopra Dimple
Published: December 2024

Lichen planus (LP) is a chronic inflammatory disorder primarily affecting the skin and mucous membranes, characterized by pruritic, violaceous papules often exhibiting a polygonal pattern. This dermatological disorder can affect various sites of the body, including the skin, nails, hair, and mucous membranes out of which the oral mucosa is the most commonly affected. We report a case of a 40-year-old female with a unique combination of cutaneous, nail, and mucosal LP manifestations coexisting with lichen planopilaris and vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome.
Unveiling epilepsia partialis continua as an early indicator of HIV encephalitis
Authors: Arivalagan Balakrishnan , Goel Jitesh , Gupta Salil , Singh Bhanu Pratap , Bhardwaj Srishti , Rayapureddi Karthik
Published: December 2024

A young male with no known addictions and comorbidities presenting with recurrent clonic-myoclonic movements, initially localized to the left corner of the mouth and left upper limb, evolving into epilepsia partialis continua, despite appropriate sequential antiepileptic medications, subsequently progressed to refractory status epilepticus. He was tested positive for HIV infection and his neuroimaging revealed nonenhancing lesions, a novel finding in HIV-related encephalitis. We managed him with intravenous immunoglobulin along with multiple antiepileptic medications and highly active antiretroviral therapy (ART), and he exhibited a rapid clinical recovery over 3 weeks. This case highlights the importance of initiating immunomodulatory therapy promptly at presentation and underscores the challenges of managing drug interactions between antiepileptic drugs and antiretroviral therapy (ART), emphasizing the need for careful selection of medications in HIV-infected individuals.
Moth-eaten alopecia and beyond: Syphilitic alopecia - Revisited
Authors: Murthy Aravind Baskar , Palaniappan Vijayasankar , Elango Ragul Raj , Karthikeyan Kaliaperumal
Published: December 2024

Alopecia is usually an overlooked manifestation of syphilis commonly seen in secondary syphilis with a prevalence of 2.9%–7%. It is broadly classified into symptomatic and essential alopecia and the observed patterns include moth-eaten type, generalized thinning, and mixed pattern. Here, we report a 38-year-old male who presented with mixed pattern alopecia of the scalp and bilateral postauricular lymphadenopathy. Toluidine red unheated serum test and Treponema pallidum hemagglutination were positive in a titer of 1:128 and 1:720, respectively. Trichoscopy showed empty follicles, perifollicular and interfollicular scales, faint reddish-brown pigmentation, black dots, and broken and regrowing hairs. The patient was treated with a single dose of benzathine penicillin 2.4 million IU intramuscular injection. The patient was regularly followed up and showed marked regrowth of hairs and resolution of postauricular lymphadenopathy. Lymph node and hair examination and trichoscopy as a noninvasive tool could aid in the diagnosis of alopecia syphilitica.