bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Folic Acid as Supportive Therapy of Spiramycine on Weight of Foetus to Toxoplasma gondii – Infected Pregnant Mice (Mus musculus)
Authors: Azkiana Alfina , Setiawan Boedi , Safitri Erma , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Legowo Djoko
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to investigate the effect of folic acid as supportive therapy of spiramycine on weight of foetus to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice (Mus musculus). Twenty pregnant female mice were divided into four groups as C -, C +, T1 and T2. C +, T1 and T2 were infected by Toxoplasma gondii. C – and C + administered orally 0.5 ml aquadest, T1 administered orally 130 mg/kg BW spiramycine and 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid and T2 administered orally 0.052 µg/g BW folic acid. Experimental groups received the treatments for 5 days, then animals of each groups were sacrified. Foetuses were dissected out for observation. The weight of fetuses were measured using an analytical balance. The data weight of foetuses was presented descriptively and analyzed by ANOVA test and continued by Tukey HSD. From this study, the weight of foetuses from the pregnant mice of T1 and T2 have difference compared with the controls. The result of this research is folic acid affects the weight of foetuses to Toxoplasma gondii-infected pregnant mice.
The Prevalence and Infection’s Degree of Gastrointestinal Worm of Local Chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Kramat Village, District of Bangkalan, Madura, East Java Indonesia
Authors: Damayanti Ellza Agatha , Hastutiek Poedji , Estoepangestie Agnes Theresia Soelih , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Suprihati Endang
Published: July 2020

The study was aimed to know the prevalence and level of gastrointestinal worm investation of local chicken (Gallus domesticus) in Kramat Village, district of Bangkalan, Madura East Java province. The samples used in the study were 100 faeces of kampung chicken. using sedimentation and floating method. Faeces samples were tested, than followed by microscopically test to identify the worm is species. The result showed that in 38 out of 100 samples could be indentified some worm species as followed : Capillaria sp.14 (36,8%), Railletina 7 (18,4%), Hymenolepis 16 (42,1%) and Heterakis gallinarum 1 (2,6%). Using Mann Whitney U-test could be differentiated the level of the infection with an average of 45.53 in cock, while in hen with an average of 55.47. There was no significancy (p>0,05) on the level of worm gastrointestinal infection of different sex of kampung chicken.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasite on Cats in Shelter East Surabaya
Authors: Purnama Akbar Wijaya Putra , Suwanti Lucia Tri , Plumeriastuti Hani , Suprihati Endang , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Sunarso Agus
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastrointesatinal parasites in cats at Surabaya shelter. Eighty two samples of cat feces used in this study were taken from Griya satwa shelter and Kiro cat shelter. Feces samples were examined using the native, sedimentation and floating methods. Feces samples gastrointestinal parasite were identified by using a microscope with 400x and 1000x magnifications. Faces samples that are diagnosed positively if there is at least one of the three methods. Feces samples has observed, obtained prevalence rate of 43.9% or 36 positive samples from eighty two samples. The results of chi square analysis showed that p > 0.05, which showed that the parasites taken in the two shelters had clear differences in the prevalence of the gastrointestinal tract parasites. The parasites observed were Isospora sp., Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara cati and Toxocara leonina.
The Potential of Anting – Anting (Acalypha indica L.) Leaf Extract as Anti-Scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro
Authors: Astuti Luluk Tri , Sugihartuti Rahmi , Nagoi Lianny , Lastuti Nunuk Dyah Retno , Meles Dewa Ketut , Sunarso Agus
Published: July 2020

The Aim of research to determine the potential of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract as anti-scabies to Sarcoptes scabiei var. Cuniculi in vitro by observing the mortality rates and lethal concentration of Sarcoptes scabiei. There were 5 treatments namely DMSO 0.5% (PN). Amitraz (P0), anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract concentratrion of 6,25% (P1), 12,5% (P2) and 25% (P3). Observations were carried out for 8 hours with stereomicroscope. The data  was analyzed using rpobit analysis with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the fastest mortality rate of S. Scabiei was group p3 at 4.6 mites/hour., then P0, P2, P1 and PN respectively 3.5, 3.1, 1.9, and 1.3 mites/ hour. The smallest concentration of anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract was not significantly different compared to amitraz  for killing of 50% and 90% S. Scabiei was 12.5% with lethal time (LT50) 1.82 hours and (LT90) 3.69 hours. In conclusion, anting-anting (Acalypha indica L.) leaf extract has mortality rate against S. Scabiei var. Cuniculi of 3.1 mites/hour, lethal concentration of 12.5% and potential as anti-scabies in vitro.
Identification of Blood Parasite on Sacrifical Cattle Slaughtered during Idul Adha 1438 H in Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency
Authors: Dyahningrum Dhimar Maulud , Mufasirin Mufasirin , Harijani Nenny , Hastutiek Poedji , Koesdarto Setiawan , Yunus Muchammad
Published: July 2020

The aim of this research is to detect the presence of blood parasite that infects sacrificial cattle slaughtered during idul adha 1438 H in Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regency. This research used 147 blood samples of sacrificial cattle and used two methods, those are thin blood smear stained with Giemsa 20% and Microhematocrit Centrifugation Technique. Based on the result of the examination using a microscope with 1000x magnification, there are positive samples infected with blood parasite, that consist of Babesia sp., and Anaplasma sp.
Prevalensi Ektoparasit pada Kambing Kacang di Kecamatan Prambon Kabupaten Nganjuk
Authors: Vinola Nining Sari Virgandina , Sunarso Agus , Harijani Nenny , Suprihati Endang , Hastutiek Poedji , Mufasirin Mufasirin
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research are to identify and prevalence of ectoparasite infestation in bean goats on the sub-district of Prambon, district of Nganjuk. The research was conducted from September until December 2019 with 115 samples of bean goats. The samples were identified in the Entomology and Protozoology Laboratory of Parasitology Department of the Veterinary Faculty of Airlangga University. This research use non-experimental method with survey study. This research found several kind of extoparasites that infestation bean goats, as follows: Bovicola caprae 24.3% the most infestation in dorsal region, Linognatus africanus 31.2% the most infestation in head-neck and dorsal region, Ctenocepallides felis 4.3%. Mix infestation found B. Caprae and L. Africanus 20.8%, B. Caprae and C. Felis 1%, B. Caprae, L. Africanus and C. Felis 1%. This ectoparasite usually found infestatio in head-neck, ventral, dorsal, inguinal, and ectremites. The prevalence of ectoparasites is 82.6% area at sub-district of Prambon, district of Nganjuk. The data analyzed using Chi-square test and Correspondence test. Statistically is no significant association (p>0.05) between the prevalence of ectoparasites that infested bean goats with types of stage and non-stage eclosure. This caused due to environmental conditions are dirty and many other livestock around the cage.
Identifikasi Parasit Pentastomida pada Biawak Air (Varanus salvator) yang akan dikonsumsi
Authors: Subroto Andhika Yudhantama , Sardjana I Komang Wiarsa , Sukmanadi Moh , Poetranto E Djoko , Kusnoto Kusnoto , Sunarso Agus
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the pentastomide parasite that infects the digestive tract of giant water lizards examined in Laboratory of Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Airlangga University. In this study, three sample were found to be infected with pentastomide parasite in the lung. The phase found was adult phase pentastomide; it has pentastomide spermatheca which shows that this parasite is female.
La transgenèse animale et ses applications
Authors: HOUDEBINE L. M.
Published: July 2020

La transgenèse animale a été réalisée avec succès pour la première fois il y a 17 ans. De nombreuses utilisations de cette technique existent pour la recherche fondamentale. Elles consistent à ajouter, à inactiver ou à remplacer spécifiquement des gènes dans les génomes des animaux. Ces expériences apportent une moisson d’informations incomparables sur le fonctionnement du génome et sur les mécanismes de régulation des fonctions biologiques. De nombreux modèles animaux sont également obtenus pour l’étude de maladies humaines. La production de protéines recombinantes dans le lait d’animaux transgéniques est en passe de devenir une réalité industrielle. Le transfert de certains organes (coeur, rein, poumon...) et cellules (pancréas, foie) de porcs transgéniques à l’espèce humaine est un objectif qui ne paraît plus inaccessible. Les applications de la transgenèse pour l’amélioration des productions animales sont encore à peu près inexistantes. Elles se cantonnent essentiellement à l’obtention de modèles pour des études de gènes et de fonctions biologiques particulières. La difficulté et le coût de la transgenèse chez les animaux domestiques sont une des causes essentielles de la lenteur des applications dans ce domaine. Toutefois, le transfert de gène dans des cellules foetales cultivées suivi de leur transfert dans des ovocytes énucléés devrait contribuer grandement à améliorer cette situation. La transgenèse appliquée directement aux animaux d’élevage pour obtenir de nouvelles lignées ayant des caractéristiques génétiques intéressantes a toutes les chances de s’imposer dans les années qui viennent. La transgenèse ne saurait toutefois se substituer aux autres techniques (sélection génétique, vaccination, maîtrise de la reproduction...) qui elles-mêmes font de rapides progrès pour améliorer la production animale. La transgenèse doit plutôt être considérée comme une technique supplémentaire pour améliorer les productions animales.
Educação do Campo no Rio de Janeiro: relato da experiência de implementação da Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na UFRRJ
Authors: Coelho George Leonardo Seabra
Published: July 2020

A presente entrevista faz parte de um extenso projeto, o qual venho desenvolvendo a três anos. De modo mais específico, esse projeto visa registrar as experiências na implementação das Licenciaturas em Educação do Campo em diferentes Universidades Federais Brasileiras. Antes de apresentar a entrevista com o Prof. Dr. Ramofly Bicalho, é importante realizar algumas ponderações. Conheci o glorioso Ramofly desde que cheguei à Universidade Federal do Tocantins em 2014, de lá para cá, nos encontramos em diversos Congressos e Encontros. A partir de minhas conversas com ele, esse grande intelectual me incentivou nesse projeto, onde de forma amigável cedeu essa entrevista. Autor de diversos artigos, capítulos de livros e obras completas e, com a mesma dedicação dispensada para os estudos sobre a educação direcionada às populações camponesas brasileiras, o Prof. Ramofly pôde nos contar um pouco sobre   sua trajetória acadêmica, a institucionalização do curso de Licenciatura em Educação do Campo na UFRRJ, até suas expectativas quanto ao fortalecimento do curso no futuro. Então, espero que o leitor acompanhe a entrevista concedida – apropriando de suas próprias palavras – por um militante das políticas públicas de Educação do Campo.
Crystal Period Vectors under External Stress in Statistical Physics
Authors: Liu Gang
Published: July 2020

For crystal periodic structure prediction, a new and concise approach based on the principles of statistical physics was employed to derive a new form of the equation to determine their period vectors (cell edge vectors), under general external stress. Then the new form is applicable to both classical physics and quantum physics. It also turned out to be the equation of state and the mechanical equilibrium condition for crystals under external stress and temperature. It should be helpful in piezoelectric and piezomagnetic studies, as the period vectors were changed by the external stress. For linear elastic crystals, it is actually also the microscopic but temperature-dependent form of the generalized Hooke's law, then can be used to calculate the corresponding elastic constants of the law, for given temperatures.
The Effect of Quick on The Draw Model Assisted by The Physics Learning Book Integrated Pancasila Values on Critical Thinking Skill
Authors: Arifin Imam , Wilujeng Insih , Jumadi Jumadi
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to determine the effect of Quick on The Draw Model assisted by the physics learning book integrated Pancasila values on critical thinking skills. This research is quasi-experimental with one group pretest-posttest design. The subject in this research is 27 students of class XI MIA 2 MAN 1 Yogyakarta. Data collection used a test question to obtain data on students’ critical thinking skills. Data analysis increased critical thinking skills using n-gain. The results show the n-gain value on each indicator of critical thinking as follows: focusing questions of 0.75 (high), answering clarification questions of 0.82 (high), analyzing arguments of 0.68 (moderate), reviewing consideration values of 0.75 (high), and decide on an action of 0.53 (moderate). Therefore, Quick on The Draw Model assisted by the physics learning book integrated Pancasila values can improve critical thinking skills.
Pengembangan Produk Minuman Jelly Nira Kelapa dengan Quality Function Deployment [Coconut Sap Jelly Drink Product Development with Quality Function Deployment]
Authors: Mela Ervina , Wijonarko Gunawan
Published: July 2020

Coconut sap is one of the agricultural commodity that can be processed into various products other than sugar. One of the products that potential to be developed is coconut sap jelly drink. To create successful coconut sap jelly drink on the market, it is necessary to develop products according to the needs of consumers. Quality function deployment (QFD) is a product development method that accommodates the needs of consumers, then connects them with appropriate production techniques. The purpose of this study was to determine the priority attributes of consumer requirements and technical parameters as the basis for designing a coconut sap jelly drink. The research method uses QFD, with questionnaires and expert interviews. Analysis of quality houses shows that the attributes of consumer requirements that are the priority in designing coconut juice jelly drinks are jelly viscosity such as Okki Jelly Drink (weight 8.72), easy to carry packaging (weight 8.49), purple color like grapes (weight 8.35 ), there is a taste content on the packaging label (8.30) and there is RDA information on the packaging label (weight 8.23), while the priority technical parameter is the preparation of other ingredients except coconut sap juice (weight 22.82%). Producers who will develop coconut sap jelly drink should pay attention to the viscosity of the jelly and preparation of raw materials including pectin, and sugar.

ABSTRAK

Nira kelapa merupakan salah satu hasil pertanian yang dapat diolah menjadi berbagai produk selain gula. Salah satu produk yang potensial dikembangkan adalah minuman jelly nira kelapa. Supaya dapat dihasilkan produk minuman jelly nira kelapa yang sukses di pasaran maka perlu dilakukan upaya pengembangan produk sesuai keinginan/kebutuhan konsumen. Quality function deployment (QFD) merupakan metode pengembangan produk yang mengakomodasi kebutuhan dan keinginan konsumen, kemudian menghubungkannya dengan teknik  produksi yang tepat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prioritas atribut persyaratan konsumen dan parameter teknis sebagai dasar pengembangan produk minuman jelly nira kelapa. Metode penelitian menggunakan QFD, dengan penyebaran kuesioner  dan wawancara pakar.  Analisis rumah mutu menunjukkan persyaratan konsumen yang menjadi prioritas pada pengembangan minuman jelly nira kelapa adalah kekentalan jelly seperti Okki Jelly Drink (bobot 8,72), kemasan mudah dibawa (bobot 8,49), warna ungu seperti buah anggur (bobot 8,35), terdapat keterangan rasa pada label kemasan (8,30)  dan  terdapat informasi AKG pada label kemasan (bobot 8,23) sedangkan parameter teknis yang menjadi prioritas adalah persiapan bahan lain selain nira kelapa (bobot 22,82%).  Produsen yang akan mengembangkan minuman jelly nira kelapa sebaiknya memberikan perhatian utama pada kekentalan jelly dan persiapan bahan baku selain nira di antaranya pektin, dan gula.
Enfoque de derecho y políticas de juventud. Un análisis del Programa de Respaldo a Estudiantes de Argentina
Authors: Otero Analìa Elizabeth
Published: July 2020

Entre las políticas públicas dirigidas a apoyar la inclusión entre los y las jóvenes en Argentina durante el 2014 hemos presenciado el lanzamiento de un programa de transferencia condicionada (PTC): él Programa de Respaldo a Estudiantes de Argentina PRO.G.RES.AR (en adelante Progresar) con continuidad hasta nuestros días. Este ha surgido en un marco donde se impulsó el enfoque de derechos y comenzó a cobrar relevancia la orientación hacia un paradigma de protección social integral. En este artículo se exponen hallazgos de una investigación que ha analizado el caso referido a partir de un trabajo cualitativo con entrevistas semiestructuradas recogiendo la opinión de diversos actores (gestores y expertos académicos). Los hallazgos arrojan dos elementos centrales: que la dinámica propuesta muestra avances con relación a la extensión de las intervenciones destinadas a la franja etaria de 18 a 24 años y, que persisten limitaciones en materia de políticas de juventud.
DETERMINANTS OF SHARIA BANKING PROFITABILITY: Empirical Studies in Indonesia 2011-2020
Authors: Rizal Fitra , Rofiqo Azidni
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the effect of sharia banking characteristics such as Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Operating Expenses to Operations Revenue (BOPO) on Return on Assets (ROA). The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from Sharia Banking Statistics published by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) with Purposive Sampling Techniques in 14 Sharia Banks in Indonesia for the period 2011-2020. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression. The analysis shows that the CAR, NPF, BOPO variables significantly influence ROA, but FDR has no effect on ROA. The predictive ability of 4 independent variables (CAR, FDR, NPF and BOPO) to the dependent variable (ROA) is 86.5%, while 13.5% is influenced by other variables not mentioned in this study.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh karakteristik perbankan syariah seperti Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Operating Expenses to Operations Revenue (BOPO) terhadap Return on Asset (ROA). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Statistik Perbankan Syariah yang dipublikasikan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) dengan Teknik Purposive Sampling di 14 Bank Syariah di Indonesia periode 2011-2020. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi linier berganda. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel CAR, NPF, BOPO secara berpengaruh signifikan  terhadap ROA, tetapi FDR tidak berpengaruh terhadap ROA. Kemampuan prediksi 4 variabel independen (CAR, FDR, NPF dan BOPO) terhadap variabel dependen (ROA) adalah 86,5%, sedangkan 13,5% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain yang tidak disebutkan dalam penelitian ini.
Intercâmbios virtuais e a internacionalização em casa: reflexões e implicações para a Linguística Aplicada
Authors: Salomão Ana Cristina Biondo
Published: July 2020

Projetos telecolaborativos utilizando ferramentas digitais vêm ampliando, na atualidade, as possibilidades de internacionalização das universidades ao redor do mundo. Neste artigo, trazemos os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada no contexto do Programa Brazilian Virtual Exchange (BRaVE-UNESP) sobre as estratégias para uso de inglês como língua franca em atividades colaborativas de intercâmbio virtual adotadas por professores de diferentes áreas do conhecimento. Por meio de metodologia qualitativa, enfocamos as perspectivas dos professores em relação às dificuldades e estratégias usadas para lidar com a comunicação entre os alunos por meio da língua inglesa. Os resultados trazem reflexões e implicações para a Linguística Aplicada em relação à necessidade de se pensar diretrizes para um novo papel do professor de línguas como mediador de contextos de intercâmbios virtuais.
Empréstimos do Português na língua Mehináku (Arawak)
Authors: De Felipe Paulo Henrique
Published: July 2020

Com a colonização do país e, consequentemente, a mistura de povos etnicamente diferentes, muitas foram as mudanças, de caráter diverso e assimétrico, sofridas pelas línguas em contato. Ao longo da trajetória histórica e política do Brasil, por exemplo, muito se tem discutido a respeito dos processos linguísticos oriundos desse contato, bem como sua implicação para os sistemas das línguas em convívio. Tais estudos, em sua maioria, versam em analisar o sistema do Português e o modo como ele foi influenciado pelas línguas com as quais conviveu. Tomando um sentido contrário, neste trabalho buscaremos refletir a respeito de como se dão os empréstimos linguísticos do português na língua Mehináku (Arawak), a fim de traçar um panorama geral dos tipos mais comuns de empréstimos linguísticos presentes neste idioma.
Letramentos acadêmicos, a paráfrase e o plágio: a produção de resenha por alunos de graduação
Authors: Rodrigues Júnior Hélio , Alves Junior Hélio da Guia
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo discute a paráfrase e o plágio na perspectiva dos letramentos acadêmicos nos cursos de graduação em Educação Física, Letras e Pedagogia. Com a recorrência de situações em que, por má compreensão da paráfrase ou letramento precário, os estudantes elaboram construções textuais que podem ser tomadas como plágio, surge a problematização que norteia esta pesquisa: em que medida a paráfrase revela, de fato, uma autoria intertextual ou, ainda, marcas de plágio, comprometendo o letramento acadêmico? Desta forma, o objetivo geral é compreender algumas dificuldades de alunos na produção escrita na universidade. Recorremos aos postulados de Faraco e Tezza (2011); Fiad (2011); Fischer (2010); Fischer e Pelandré (2010); Kleiman (2005, 2007); Koch (2000); Koch, Bentes e Cavalcante (2007); Lea e Street (1998); Machado, Lousada, Abreu-Tardelli (2004); Motta-Roth e Hendges (2010); Soares (2004).
As orações introduzidas por “incluso si” no espanhol sob a abordagem discursivo-funcional
Authors: Garcia Talita Storti , Fante Bárbara Ribeiro
Published: July 2020

Este trabalho investiga as orações introduzidas por incluso si no espanhol peninsular escrito, concebidas como híbridas na literatura porque, de acordo com diferentes compêndios, mesclam características tanto das condicionais quanto das concessivas. O objetivo da presente pesquisa é investigar as propriedades funcionais dessas estruturas sob o aparato teórico da Gramática Discursivo-Funcional a fim de determinar o nível e a camada de atuação dessas relações sob a hipótese de que incluso constitui uma partícula que assinala ênfase. O córpus utilizado é o CREA - Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual, banco de dados disponível on-line que conta com textos de diferentes gêneros, tanto da modalidade falada quanto da modalidade escrita. Os dados mostram que as orações prefaciadas por incluso si tendem a se estabelecer nas camadas mais altas do Nível Interpessoal e Representacional, quando desempenham função semântica condição, função retórica concessão ou ainda função interacional adendo. Esse resultado sugere-nos um novo olhar para o fenômeno em análise, apresentado pela literatura como gradiente, mas concebido neste estudo de forma discreta, em termos de funções.
Uma análise de discursos sobre a leitura presentes no canal “O mundo segundo Ana Roxo”
Authors: Manfrim Aline , Curcino Luzmara
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, empreendemos uma análise de discursos sobre a leitura a partir do que é enunciado no vídeo “Literatura não é literal”, dedicado ao comentário da prática de interpretação de textos, disponível no canal do YouTube do blog “O mundo segundo Ana Roxo”, professora, filósofa e progressista. Neste vídeo, é atualizada uma série de representações da leitura e dos leitores brasileiros, que analisamos segundo princípios da Análise do Discurso e da História Cultural. Constatamos, na reiteração de certos lugares-comuns sobre a leitura, na generalização do que é afirmado, e na depreciação de dadas práticas e sujeitos, a força de certos consensos histórica e conjunturalmente constituídos e que perduram em relação ao enunciável sobre essa prática e sobre nós como leitores.
A questão das origens das línguas germânicas na história dos estudos da linguagem
Authors: Nóbrega Rogério Ferreira da
Published: July 2020

O agrupamento das línguas germânicas é um assunto que ocupou vários estudiosos desde o período pré-científico que precede o século XIX. Tal prática teve motivações diversas, a depender do período específico da história dos estudos da linguagem. Sua motivação pode ser a de estabelecer uma subdivisão de línguas a partir de um estágio ainda pré-literário ou reconstruir proto-línguas desses estágios. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer uma visão geral da questão das origens das línguas germânicas na história dos estudos da linguagem. Primeiramente, discutimos quatro períodos distintos dessa história. Buscamos, então, demonstrar como as abordagens adotadas face ao problema nos diferentes períodos refletem o “Modelo de Descontinuidade-vs.-Continuidade” proposto por Koerner (1989b). Nosso estudo demonstra que a geografia linguística, entre outras tradições, também desempenhou um papel importante nas investigações, embora outras tradições tenham sido os paradigmas dominantes nos séculos XIX e XX.
Apresentação
Authors: Zavaglia Claudia
Published: July 2020

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Professional support during the postpartum period: Primiparous mothers' views on professional services, their expectations, and barriers to utilizing professional help
Authors: Nan Yiping , Zhang Jingjun , Nisar Anum , Huo Lanting , Yang Lei , Yin Juan , Wang Duolao , Rahman Atif , Gao Yan , Li Xiaomei
Published: July 2020

Background: Primiparous mothers who lack of experience and knowledge of child caring, are usually overwhelmed by multifarious stressors and challenges. Although professional support is needed for primiparas, there is a gap between the necessary high-quality services and the currently provided poor services. This study aimed to explore Chinese primiparous mothers’ views on professional services, identify barriers to utilizing professional support, and further understand mothers’ expectations of and preferences for the delivery of professional services.Method: A descriptive phenomenological study design was utilized in this study, and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 28 primiparous mothers who had given birth in the first year period before the interview and were selected from two community health centres in Xi’an city, Shaanxi Province, Northwest China. Each conversational interview lasted between 20 and 86 minutes. Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological approach was used to analyse the data.Results: Three major themes were identified: (a) dissatisfaction with current professional services for postpartum mothers, (b) likelihood of health care professional help-seeking behaviour, (c) highlighting the demands for new health care services. The related seven sub-themes included being disappointed with current hospital services; distrusting services provided by community health centres, private institutes and commercial online platforms; preferring not seeking help from professionals as their first choice; hesitating to express their inner discourse to professionals; following confinement requirement and family burden prevents mothers from seeking professional help; experiencing urgent needs for new baby-care-related services; and determining the importance of mothers’ needs. The necessity of professional support in the first month after childbirth was strongly emphasized by the participants. Online professional guidance and support were perceived as the best way to receive services in this study.Conclusion: The results of this descriptive phenomenological study suggested that the current maternal and child health care services were insufficient and could not meet primiparous mothers’ need. The results also indicated that identifying barriers and providing services focused on mothers’ needs may be an effective strategy to enhance primiparous mothers’ well-being, and further suggested that feasibility, convenience, and the cultural adaptability of health care services should be considered during the delivery of postpartum interventions.
Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain and breastfeeding outcomes
Authors: Martin Hayley , Thevenet-Morrison Kelly , Dozier Ann
Published: July 2020

Background: It is well established that mothers with above-normal pre-pregnancy BMI are at increased risk of breastfeeding cessation; however, the impact of pregnancy weight-gain (PWG) is less well-defined. Excess PWG may alter the hormonal preparation of breast tissue for lactation, increase the risk of complications that negatively impact breastfeeding (e.g. Cesarean-section, gestational diabetes), and may make effective latch more difficult to achieve. Methods: Our objective was to determine the impact of PWG and pre-pregnancy BMI on the risk of breastfeeding cessation utilizing the Institute of Medicine’s 2009 recommendations. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate the risk of cessation of exclusive breastfeeding, and cessation of any breastfeeding among women who initiated exclusive and any breastfeeding, respectively, in a cross sectional sample of survey respondents from a New York county (N=1207). PWG category was interacted with pre-pregnancy BMI (3 levels of pre-pregnancy BMI, 3 levels of PWG). Confounders of the relationship of interest were evaluated using directed acyclic graphs and bivariate analyses; variables not on the proposed causal pathway and associated with the exposure and outcome were included in multivariate models. Results: After adjustment, women of normal and obese pre-pregnancy BMI with greater-than-recommended PWG had 1.39 (1.03-1.86) and 1.48 (1.06-2.07) times the risk of any breastfeeding cessation within the first 3 months postpartum compared to women with normal pre-pregnancy BMI who gained within PWG recommendations. Overweight women with greater-than-recommended PWG were at increased risk of cessation, although not significantly (aHR[95% CI]: 1.29 [0.95 – 1.75]). No significant relationship was observed for exclusive breastfeeding cessation. ﻿Conclusions: Pre-pregnancy BMI and PWG may be modifiable risk factors for early breastfeeding cessation. Understanding the mechanism behind this risk should be ascertained by additional studies aimed at understanding the physiological, social, logistical (positioning) and other issues that may lead to early breastfeeding cessation.
Novel MYO15A Variants are Associated with Hearing Loss in the Two Iranian Pedigrees
Authors: khatami somayeh , Askari Masomeh , Bahreini Fatemeh , Chaleshtori Morteza Hashemzadeh , Hematian Saeed , Asgharzade Samira
Published: July 2020

Background: Clinical genetic diagnosis of non-syndromic hearing loss (NSHL) is quite challenging. With regard to its high heterogeneity as well as large size of some genes, it is also really difficult to detect causative mutations using traditional approaches. One of the recent technologies called whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been thus developed in this domain to remove the limitations of conventional methods.Methods: This study was a report on two unrelated pedigrees with multiple affected cases of hearing loss (HL). Accordingly, clinical evaluations and genetic analysis were performed in both families. Results: The implementation of WES to uncover autosomal recessive non-syndromic hearing loss (ARNSHL) and its related variants was reported in the present study. Two novel variants of MYO15A i.e. c.T6442A:p.W2148R and c.10504dupT:p.C3502Lfs*15 were correspondingly identified and then segregations were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. According to online prediction tools, both identified variants seemed to have damaging effects.Conclusion: This study further supported the effectiveness of WES for genetic diagnosis of ARNSHL as a first approach.
Capturing the complexity of healthcare for people with Down syndrome in quality indicators - a Delphi study involving healthcare professionals and patient organisations
Authors: Mareeuw Francine A. van den Driessen , Coppus Antonia M.W. , Delnoij Diana M.J. , de Vries Esther
Published: July 2020

Background: Insight into quality of healthcare for people with Down Syndrome (DS) is limited. Quality indicators (QIs) can provide this insight. This study aims to find consensus among participants regarding QIs for healthcare for people with DS. Methods: We conducted a four-round Delphi study, in which 33 healthcare professionals involved in healthcare for people with DS and two patient organisations’ representatives in the Netherlands participated. Median and 75-percentiles were used to determine consensus among the answers on 5-point Likert-scales. In each round, participants received an overview of participants’ answers from the previous round. Results: Participants agreed (consensus was achieved) that a QI-set should provide insight into available healthcare, enable healthcare improvements, and cover a large diversity of quality domains and healthcare disciplines. However, the number of QIs in the set should be limited in order to prevent registration burden. Participants were concerned that QIs would make quality information about individual healthcare professionals publicly available, which would induce judgement of healthcare professionals and harm quality, instead of improving it. Conclusions: We unravelled the complexity of capturing healthcare for people with DS in a QI-set. Patients’ rights to relevant information have to be carefully balanced against providers’ entitlement to a safe environment in which they can learn and improve. A QI-set should be tailored to different healthcare disciplines and information systems, and measurement instruments should be suitable for collecting information from people with DS. Results from this study and two preceding studies, will form the basis for the further development of a QI-set.
Wounds at risk of tetanus: unexpected level of underimmunization in a patient cohort
Authors: Piccini Gaia Bavestrello , Cavenaile Jean-Christophe , Bressan Maria Antonietta
Published: July 2020

Background: Tetanus is an acute and potentially fatal disease caused by Clostridium tetani, an extremely resilient pathogen. This bacterium can contaminate traumatic wounds which account for approximately 5.4% of all visits to the Emergency Department. According to several surveillance programs, the incidence of clinical tetanus in Italy is tenfold higher than in other industrialised countries. In 2010, Italy accounted for 57 of the 74 confirmed cases reported within the European Union.Methods: The study analyses data from 1094 patients who presented to the Emergency Department of the Fondazione IRRCS Policlinico San Matteo between April 2016 and November 2017 with wounds potentially at risk of infection with Clostridium tetani. Results: Data showed that, in conformity with the literature, the elderly (> 60 years old) constitutes a high-risk category, with 219 unprotected individuals out of 238. Also, among patients aged more than 60 years old, there was a statistically significant difference between female and male subjects. From the comparative analysis of the data, it was found that even younger patients are lacking in protective immunity. Conclusions: When considering other medical systems, both European and non-European ones, and analysing their guidelines for the prevention of tetanus infection, the necessity of adopting a well-defined algorithm becomes evident. This would help avoiding the excessive administration of prophylaxis, as well as putting in place the necessary preventive measures for each patient. This study highlights the need for greater patient and clinician awareness, and for an improvement in record keeping and management of the documentation related to vaccinations. The analysed data also suggest the need for conducting awareness campaigns on the topic of vaccines and vaccine preventable infections. Patients should be made aware of the importance of keeping track of their own immunization status, and of remembering the date of the last administration of the vaccine or, of carrying around their vaccination card.
Cytosine methylations in the promoter regions of genes involved in the cellular oxidation equilibrium pathways affect rice heat tolerance
Authors: He Chao , Zhang Hong-Yu , Zhang Yong-Xin , Fu Pei , You Li-Li , Xiao Wen-Bo , Wang Zhao-Hai , Song Hai-Yan , Huang Ying-Jin , Liao Jiang-Lin
Published: July 2020

Background: High temperatures, particularly at night, decrease rice yield and quality. As high nighttime temperatures (HNTs) become increasingly frequent due to climate change, it is imperative to develop rice crops that tolerate HNTs. DNA methylation may represent a potential avenue for HNT-tolerant rice strain development, as this mechanism regulates gene activity and cellular phenotype in response to adverse environmental conditions without changing the nucleotide sequence.Results: After HNT exposure, the methylation patterns of cytosines in the CHH context differed noticeably between two coisogenic rice strains with significantly different levels in heat tolerance. Methylation differences between strains were primarily observed on successive cytosines in the promoter or downstream regions of transcription factors and transposon elements. In contrast to the heat-sensitive rice strain, the regions 358–359 bp and 2–60 bp downstream of two basal transcriptional factors (TFIID subunit 11 and mediator of RNA polymerase II transcription subunit 31, respectively) were fully demethylated in the heat-tolerant strain after HNT exposure. In the heat-tolerant strain, HNTs reversed the methylation patterns of successive cytosines in the promoter regions of various genes involved in abscisic acid (ABA)-related reactive oxygen species (ROS) equilibrium pathways, including the pentatricopeptide repeat domain gene PPR (LOC_Os07g28900) and the homeobox domain gene homeobox (LOC_Os01g19694). Indeed, PRR expression was inhibited in heat-sensitive rice strains, and the methylation rates of the cytosines in the promoter region of PRR were greater in heat-sensitive strains as compared to heat-tolerant strains.Conclusions: After HNT exposure, cytosines in the CHH context were more likely than cytosines in other contexts to be methylated differently between the heat-sensitive and heat-tolerant rice strains. Methylation in the promoter regions of the genes associated with ABA-related oxidation and ROS scavenging improved heat tolerance in rice. Our results help to clarify the molecular mechanisms underlying rice heat tolerance.
Prevalence of reduced visual acuity among school-aged children and adolescents in 6 districts of Changsha city: a population-based survey
Authors: Liao Menglian , cai zehuai , Khan Muhammad Ahmad , Miao Wenjie , Lin Ding , Tang Qiongyan
Published: July 2020

Background: To calculate and evaluate the prevalence of reduced uncorrected distant visual acuity (UCDVA) in primary, middle and high schools in 6 districts of Changsha, Hunan, China. Methods: A population-based retrospective study was conducted in 239 schools in 6 districts of Changsha. After routine eye examination to rule out diseases that can affect refraction, 250,980 eligible students from primary, middle and high schools were enrolled in the survey. Then the uncorrected distant and near visual acuity of each eye were measured. Categories of schools, districts, grades, eye exercises and sports time were also documented and analyzed. Results: The overall prevalence of reduced UCDVA was 51.8% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 51.6%-52.0%) in 6 districts of Changsha. Results of individual districts were as follows: Furong district 59.9%(95% CI: 57.9%-61.8%), Tianxin district 62.3%(95% CI: 60.5%-64.0%), Wangcheng district 47.8%(95% CI: 46.8%-48.8%), Kaifu district 58.5%(95% CI: 58.0%-58.9%), Yuhua district 47.0%(95% CI: 46.7%-47.4%) and Yuelu district 52.6%(95% CI: 52.3%-52.9%). The proportion of normal VA is seen to decrease from primary grade 3. The proportion of mildly reduced UCDVA is higher in primary grade 1 and 2. The proportion of moderately reduced UCDVA remains similar during 12 grades. The proportion of severely reduced UCDVA increases with grades. Multivariate analysis shows that the prevalence of reduced UCDVA is higher in key schools (risk ratio [RR]= 1.47, 95% CI 1.44-1.50) than non-key schools. Conclusions: According to the existing data analysis results, the prevalence of reduced UCDVA among primary, middle and high school students in Changsha is very high. Some effective measures need to be taken to prevent it.
The Impact of Patient Safety Culture and the Leader Coaching Behavior of Nurses on the Intention to Report Errors: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Chegini Zahra , Kkakemam Edris , JAFARABADI Mohammad ASGHARI , JANATI Ali
Published: July 2020

Background: There is growing interest in examining the factors affecting the reporting of errors by nurses. However, little research has been conducted into the effects of perceived patient safety culture and leader coaching of nurses on the intention to report errors.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted amongst 256 nurses in the emergency departments of 18 public and private hospitals in Tabriz, northwest Iran. Participants completed the Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture (HSOPSC), Coaching Behavior Scale and Intention to Report Errors questionnaires and the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis.Results: Overall, 43% of nurses had an intention to report errors; 50% of respondents reported that their nursing managers demonstrated high levels of coaching. With regard to patient safety culture, areas of strength and weakness were “teamwork within units” (PRR = 66.80%) and “non-punitive response errors” (PRR = 19.66%). Regression analysis findings highlighted a significant association between an intention to report errors and patient safety culture (B=0.123, CI 95%: 0.005 to 0.328, P = 0.026), leader coaching behavior (B=0.172, CI 95%: 0.066 to 0.347, P = 0.004) and nurses’ educational status (B=0. 787, 95% CI: -.064 to 1.638, P = 0.048). Conclusions: Further research is needed to assess how interventions addressing patient safety culture and leader coaching behaviors might increase the intention to report errors.
Mortality at the Pediatric Emergency Unit of the Mohammed VI Teaching Hospital of Marrakech
Authors: Lahmini Widad , bourrous mounir
Published: July 2020

Background : The death of a child at the emergency ward is one of the most difficult problems that the clinicians of these wards have to deal with. In our country the published data concerning the causes and the factors related to pediatric mortality especially in the pediatric emergency wards is very rare. This study aimed to study the epidemiology of the pediatric mortality in the pediatric emergency department (PED), to determine its rate and identify its most frequent causes. Methods : It is a retrospective and descriptive study, over five years (1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016) including all children aged from 0 to 15 years old who died at the PED in the Mohamed VI Hospital in Marrakech. Results : During the period of the study a total of 172.691 patients presented to the PED, among which 628 died (pediatric mortality rate : 3.63%). The masculine gender was predominant (n=383) with a gender ratio of 1.59. Two-thirds of the patients died in the first 24 hours (n=421). The median of time from admission to death was around 12 hours. Majority of the deceased children (n=471, 75%) were from a low socioeconomic status. The most frequent cause of admissions for deceased patients in the PED was respiratory distress (n=296, 47%) followed by neurological disorders (n=70, 11%). Neonatal mortality (≤ 1 month of age) was predominant (n=472, 75.1%), followed by postnatal mortality (1 month to 1 year old) (n=73, 11.6%). The most frequent causes of pediatric mortality, whatever the age range, were dominated by neonatal pathologies (n=391, 62.3%), followed by infecious causes bronchopulmonary infections included (n=49, 7.7%), birth deformities (n=46, 7.3%) while traumas were merely at 0.9% (n=6). The most frequent causes of neonatal mortality were neonatal infections (n=152, 32.2%), prematurity (n=115, 24.4%), perinatal asphyxia (n=71,15%) and neonatal respiratory distress (n=57, 12.1%). Conclusion : Our data once again underline the crucial importance of prevention. This requires correct follow-up of the pregnancies, an adequate assistance of births, and perfecting healthcare provision to newborns in order to attain proper assistance.
WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) Extension for Traditional Chinese Medicine 2020: Recommendations, Explanation, and Elaboration
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Lan Liang , Chan Jacky CP , Zhong Linda LD , Cheng Chung-Wah , Lam Wai-Ching , Tian Ran , Zhao Chen , Wu Tai-Xiang , Shang Hong-Cai , Lyu Ai-Ping , Bian Zhaoxiang
Published: July 2020

Background: Although the WHO Trial Registration Data Set (TRDS) has been published for many years, the quality of clinical trial registrations with traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is still not satisfactory, especially about the inadequate reporting on TCM interventions. The development of the WHO TRDS for TCM Extension 2020 (WHO TRDS-TCM 2020) aims to address this inadequacy. Methods: A group of clinical experts, methodologists, epidemiologists, and editors has developed this WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 through a comprehensive process, including the baseline survey, draft of the initial items, three-round of Delphi survey, solicitation of comments, revision, and finalization. Results: The WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 statement extends the latest version (V.1.3.1) of TRDS published in November 2017. The checklist includes 11 extended items (including subitems), namely Source(s) of Monetary or Material Support (Item 4), Scientific Title (Item 10a and 10b), Countries of Recruitment (Item 11), Health Condition(s) or Problem(s) Studied (Item 12), Intervention(s) (Item 13a, 13b and 13c), Key Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria (Item 14), Primary and Key Secondary Outcomes (Item 19 to 20), and Lay Summary (Item B1). For Item 13 (Interventions), three common TCM interventions--i.e., Chinese herbal medicine formulas, acupuncture and moxibustion—are elaborated. Conclusions: The group hopes that the WHO TRDS-TCM 2020 can improve the reporting quality and transparency of TCM trial registrations, assist registries in assessing the registration quality of TCM trials, and help readers understand TCM trial design.Trial registration: Not applicable.