bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of nonparametric additive models with high order spatial autoregressive errors
Authors: Xu Guoying , Bai Yang
Published: August 2020

In this article, we propose nonparametric generalized method of moments estimation for nonparametric additive models with high order spatial autoregressive dependence. The estimation procedure is derived in three steps by combining a spline‐backfitting method with generalized moment conditions that relieve correlations within the dependent variables. Consistency and asymptotic normality are demonstrated under mild conditions. Specifically, compared with estimators of nonparametric functions that ignore cross‐sectional dependence in errors, the resultant estimators that consider the error term are asymptotically more efficient and achieve the well‐known oracle properties. Simulation studies investigating the finite sample performance of the estimation procedure confirm the validity of our asymptotic theory. An application to the Boston housing data serves as a practical illustration.
Retracted: Evaluation of user concentration in ubiquitous and cognitive artificial intelligence‐assisted English online guiding system integrating face and eye movement detection
Authors: Liu Lu , Peng Nan
Published: August 2020

In recent years, artificial intelligence technology has made significant breakthroughs. Big data, cloud computing, speech recognition, deep learning, and so on have become new hot spots after the Internet of things. The rapid development of artificial intelligence technology promotes the innovation of foreign language teaching ideas and learning methods. The new ecology and new paradigm of foreign language guiding must be reconstructed. The biggest difference between the Internet of things and the Internet is that the Internet of things is directly connected with all kinds of sensors. It does not need people to input information through the keyboard but automatically obtain information and carry out automatic processing. The deep integration of smart classroom and English online teaching will help to promote the reform and innovation of English teaching and provide a new way for the development of English online teaching. In this paper, we analyze the fusion of face recognition technology and eye tracking system and analyze the user focus evaluation theory in the Internet of things environment. Based on the above technology, this paper proposes an online English teaching user focus evaluation system in the context of artificial intelligence.
“Single‐cell pattern” of adenocarcinoma cells in effusion cytology: Morphologic challenges of lung cancer
Authors: Guleria Prerna , Barwad Adarsh , Malik Prabhat S. , Madan Karan , Jain Deepali
Published: August 2020

Background

Lung adenocarcinomas present as tight clusters and three‐dimensional balls in effusion specimens. Unlike carcinomas of breast and stomach where singly lying malignant cells are seen in effusion samples, lung adenocarcinomas usually show cohesive morphology. This single‐cell pattern may also be confused with reactive mesothelial cells. We studied the frequency of pulmonary adenocarcinoma with single‐cell pattern cytomorphology in pleural effusion specimens.

Materials and Methods

All cases reported as either suspicious or positive for malignancy on pleural effusion cytology (PFC) over the past 1 year were retrieved. The clinical details were obtained from requisition forms. Cases with predominant single‐cell pattern, clinically suspicious of carcinoma lung were segregated. These were de‐stained and immunocytochemistry (ICC) for TTF‐1 was performed.

Results

Of 103 cases reported as either suspicious or positive for malignancy on PFC, 29 had a predominant single‐cell pattern. Of these, 13 (44.8%) were primary lung carcinoma. The rest were metastasis from ovary (5; 17.2%), breast (2; 6.9%), stomach (2; 6.9%), lymphoma (1; 3.5%), and Ewing's sarcoma (1; 3.5%). Five (17.2%) were those with unknown primary. All cases of lung carcinoma were positive for TTF‐1 ICC.

Conclusion

Single‐cell pattern of pulmonary adenocarcinoma is commoner than popularly believed. This pattern may be difficult to differentiate from carcinoma cells of other sites as well as from reactive mesothelial cells. A high degree of suspicion is therefore needed to perform relevant ICC to clinch the correct diagnosis.
Initial evaluation of the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire – 2
Authors: Vowles Kevin E. , Kruger Eric S. , Bailey Robert W. , Sowden Gail , Ashworth Julie , Hickman Jayne , McCracken Lance M.
Published: August 2020

Greater acceptance of chronic pain is associated with lesser levels of pain‐related distress and disability and better overall functioning. Pain acceptance is most often assessed using the Chronic Pain Acceptance Questionnaire (CPAQ), which includes both an eight‐item short form (CPAQ‐8) and a twenty item parent measure (CPAQ‐20). This study derived a two‐item CPAQ for use in busy clinical settings and for repeated measurement during treatment, the CPAQ‐2. An Item Response Theory (IRT) approach was used to identify the strongest items from the CPAQ‐20, one from each of its two subscales. Next, regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the utility of the CPAQ‐2 by examining variance accounted for in the CPAQ‐8, CPAQ‐20, and in measures of depression, pain‐related fear, physical disability, and psychosocial disability. Four clinical databases were combined (N = 1,776) for the analyses. Items 9 and 14 were identified as the strongest CPAQ‐20 items in the IRT analyses. The sum score of these two items accounted for over 60% of the variance in the CPAQ‐8 and CPAQ‐20. Furthermore, this score accounted for significant variance in measures of depression, pain‐related fear, physical disability, and psychosocial disability after controlling for data collection method (i.e. in clinic or online), participant age, education, pain duration and usual pain. Finally, the amount of variance accounted for by the CPAQ‐2 was comparable to that accounted for by both the CPAQ‐8 and CPAQ‐20. These results provide initial support for the CPAQ‐2 and suggest that it is well‐suited as a brief assessment of chronic pain acceptance.

Significance

The most frequently used measure of pain acceptance is the CPAQ, which includes both an eight‐item short form, the CPAQ‐8, and a longer twenty item parent measure, the CPAQ‐20. The present study sought to derive a two‐item measure of the CPAQ for use in busy clinical settings and for repeated measurement during treatment, the CPAQ‐2. An IRT approach was used to identify the strongest items from the CPAQ‐20, one from each of its two subscales in a large sample of 1,776 individuals with chronic pain. The two item measure accounted for significant variance in measures of depression, pain‐related fear, physical disability, and psychosocial disability. The brief measure will be useful in assessing pain acceptance in busy clinical setting and longitudinal designs.
Ca2+‐dependent release of ATP from astrocytes affects herpes simplex virus type 1 infection of neurons
Authors: Li Puma Domenica Donatella , Marcocci Maria Elena , Lazzarino Giacomo , De Chiara Giovanna , Tavazzi Barbara , Palamara Anna Teresa , Piacentini Roberto , Grassi Claudio
Published: August 2020

Astrocytes provide metabolic support for neurons and modulate their functions by releasing a plethora of neuroactive molecules diffusing to neighboring cells. Here we report that astrocytes also play a role in cortical neurons' vulnerability to Herpes simplex virus type‐1 (HSV‐1) infection through the release of extracellular ATP. We found that the interaction of HSV‐1 with heparan sulfate proteoglycans expressed on the plasma membrane of astrocytes triggered phospholipase C‐mediated IP3‐dependent intracellular Ca2+ transients causing extracellular release of ATP. ATP binds membrane purinergic P2 receptors (P2Rs) of both neurons and astrocytes causing an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration that activates the Glycogen Synthase Kinase (GSK)‐3β, whose action is necessary for HSV‐1 entry/replication in these cells. Indeed, in co‐cultures of neurons and astrocytes HSV‐1‐infected neurons were only found in proximity of infected astrocytes releasing ATP, whereas in the presence of fluorocitrate, an inhibitor of astrocyte metabolism, switching‐off the HSV‐1‐induced ATP release, very few neurons were infected. The addition of exogenous ATP, mimicking that released by astrocytes after HSV‐1 challenge, restored the ability of HSV‐1 to infect neurons co‐cultured with metabolically‐inhibited astrocytes. The ATP‐activated, P2R‐mediated, and GSK‐3‐dependent molecular pathway underlying HSV‐1 infection is likely shared by neurons and astrocytes, given that the blockade of either P2Rs or GSK‐3 activation inhibited infection of both cell types. These results add a new layer of information to our understanding of the critical role played by astrocytes in regulating neuronal functions and their response to noxious stimuli including microbial agents via Ca2+‐dependent release of neuroactive molecules.
Creating IR and Faculty Partnerships Toward the Shared Goal of Student Success
Authors: Taylor Jason L. , Martineau Mike
Published: August 2020

Decades of research suggest that faculty play a critical role in student learning and success, yet at many institutions, faculty are not integrated into the institutional research function. This chapter examines how institutional research and faculty can collaborate to encourage data‐informed faculty decision‐making to drive student success and continuous improvement. The chapter integrates faculty and institutional research perspectives and offers models for faculty and IR collaboration to generate and use data in meaningful and impactful ways that advance student success.
Spectroscopic characterization, DFT studies, molecular docking and cytotoxic evaluation of 4‐nitro‐indole‐3‐carboxaldehyde: A potent lung cancer agent
Authors: Christopher Jeyaseelan S. , Milton Franklin Benial A.
Published: August 2020

The 4‐nitro‐1H‐indole‐carboxaldehyde (NICA) molecule was characterized experimentally using FT‐IR, FT‐Raman and UV‐Vis spectra, and it was studied theoretically using DFT calculations. The optimized structure of the NICA molecule was determined by DFT calculations using B3LYP functional with cc‐pVTZ basis set. The electron localization function (ELF) and local orbital localizer (LOL) studies were performed to visualize the electron delocalization in the molecule. The experimental and theoretical wavenumbers of the title molecule were assigned using VEDA 4.0 program. The charge delocalization and stability of the title molecule were investigated using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. Frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) and related molecular properties were calculated. UV‐Vis spectrum was calculated theoretically and validated experimentally. The reactive sites of the molecule were studied from the MEP surface and Fukui function analysis. The molecular docking analysis reveals that the NICA ligand shows better inhibitory activity against RAS, which causes lung cancer. The in vitro cytotoxic activity of the molecule against human lung cancer cell lines (A549) was determined by MTT assay. Thus, the NICA molecule can be used as a potential candidate for the development of the drug against lung cancer.
Continuous Dopaminergic Stimulation as a Treatment for Parkinson's Disease: Current Status and Future Opportunities
Authors: Olanow C. Warren , Calabresi Paolo , Obeso Jose A.
Published: August 2020

Levodopa‐induced motor complications remain an important source of disability for many patients with Parkinson's disease. Substantial laboratory evidence indicates that motor complications relate to the nonphysiological restoration of brain dopamine with intermittent doses of standard oral levodopa. Dopamine levels are normally maintained at a relatively constant level, even following a dose of levodopa. However, in the Parkinsonian state, where dopamine terminals have degenerated with a loss of their buffering capacity, intermittent doses of levodopa lead to dramatic peak and trough fluctuations in striatal dopamine levels. This results in pulsatile stimulation of dopamine receptors, molecular changes in striatal neurons, physiological changes in pallidal neurons, and ultimately the development of motor complications. These observations led to the hypothesis that continuous delivery of levodopa might be associated with a reduced risk of motor complications. This concept is known as continuous dopamine stimulation (CDS). Preliminary studies in animal models and patients with Parkinson's disease supported this hypothesis, suggesting a reduced risk of both motor fluctuations and dyskinesias. The present review considers the scientific advances and the more definitive clinical trials testing this concept that have taken place during the past decade and considers ongoing experimental studies and future opportunities. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Germanium hollow nanodisk resonator for magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement in near‐infrared
Authors: Aslan Erdem
Published: August 2020

Enhancement of spontaneous emission has a large potential for the development of nanophotonics based applications. Due to the weak interaction of matter with the magnetic component of light, most of the effort has been directed toward the development of the nanophotonic devices for the enhancement of the electric dipole emission. However, in recent years the enhancement of magnetic dipole emission has attracted the focus of the researchers, owing to the utilization of the dielectric nanophotonic structures which have a great potential to facilitate various exciting applications such as nanolasers and single‐photon sources. Despite the high interest on the magnetic dipole emission enhancement, most of the research has been focused on the visible spectrum and few studies have been reported up to present for the near infrared. In this context, a germanium hollow nanodisk resonator is presented and numerically investigated for magnetic dipole decay rate enhancement in the near‐infrared spectrum. The obtained enhancement factor is much more than the previous results in the literature which are obtained via utilization of the dielectric nanostructures. The origin of electromagnetic behavior of the proposed resonator is revealed via near‐electromagnetic‐field enhancement maps and the multipolar decomposition of the electromagnetic scattering modes. Additionally, dependence of the enhancement factor on the geometrical parameters of the germanium hollow nanodisk resonator is studied via parameter sweep simulations. The results of this study may provide a novel strategy for the engineering of chip‐scale nanophotonic applications.
A broadband multilayer circuit analog absorber using resistive ink
Authors: Singh Gaurav , Sharma Aditi , Ghosh Saptarshi
Published: August 2020

In this article, a polarization‐insensitive broadband multilayer circuit analog absorber has been designed and demonstrated. The proposed structure is comprised of two layers, each layer being made of resistive square loop geometries printed on low‐cost FR4 substrates. The substrates are separated from each other by an air spacer and the overall geometry is terminated by a ground plane. By proper design optimization, the structure exhibits a wide absorption bandwidth (having absorptivity above 90%) from 2.68 to 15.90 GHz, covering S, C, X, and Ku frequency bands. A fractional bandwidth of 142.30% has been achieved from the proposed geometry, at the expense of moderate thickness (0.086 λl, λl being the wavelength corresponding to the lowest absorption frequency). Further, the topology is polarization‐independent and angularly stable for different polarizations. An in‐depth analysis has also been carried out by developing an equivalent circuit model and illustrating several parametric variations. One prototype has been fabricated and measured under normal incidence, thereby validating the proposed concept.
Intelligence quotient, job satisfaction, and job performance: The moderating role of personality type
Authors: Murtza Muhammad Hamid , Gill Shahzad Ali , Aslam Hassan Danial , Noor Amna
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the intelligence quotient (IQ) of employees is associated with their job satisfaction and performance. The moderating effect of personality type has also been explored. Drawing on trait theory, a conceptual model has been developed, which links personality dimensions to job performance through satisfaction. Primary data were collected from 378 respondents from 10 Universities situated in Lahore, Pakistan, for empirically testing our model. Findings reveal that IQ is a predictor of employee's job performance and job satisfaction. Moreover, this relationship is also moderated by the personality type (A/B) of the respondents. The study outcomes will be helpful for the management of the institutions to frame policy guidelines for hiring employees and have more informed decisions in terms of personality types and IQ of employees.
Network formation by aza‐Michael addition of primary amines to vinyl end groups of enzymatically synthesized poly(glycerol adipate)
Authors: Alaneed Razan , Golitsyn Yury , Hauenschild Till , Pietzsch Markus , Reichert Detlef , Kressler Jörg
Published: August 2020

A highly efficient approach for the synthesis of polyester‐based networks via aza‐Michael addition of primary amines to α,β‐unsaturated (vinyl) end groups of poly(glycerol adipate) (PGA) was achieved. By acylation of PGA with 6‐(Fmoc‐amino)hexanoic acid side chains via Steglich esterification, protected amine‐functionalized PGA was obtained. This was followed by the removal of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc) protecting groups and the synthesis of PGA‐based networks under catalyst‐free conditions. The successful conjugate addition of primary amines to vinyl end groups and network formation were confirmed using 13C magic angle spinning NMR and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Network heterogeneity and defects were quantitatively investigated using 1H double‐quantum NMR spectroscopy. Finally, a hydrogel was prepared with potential biomedical applications.
Synthetic pheromone exposure increases calling and reduces subsequent mating in female Contarinia nasturtii (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae)
Authors: Hodgdon Elisabeth A , Hallett Rebecca H , Heal James D , Swan Andrea EM , Chen Yolanda H
Published: August 2020

BACKGROUND

Pheromone‐mediated mating disruption, which uses large amounts of synthetic female pheromones to interrupt insect reproductive behavior, has been successful for managing important agricultural pests. While multiple mechanisms have been discovered explaining how synthetic pheromone treatments prevent males from finding females, it is less clear how unnaturally large doses of synthetic sex pheromone impact the behavior of female insects, particularly nonlepidopteran females. In some species, ‘autodetecting’ females possess pheromone receptors and respond to ambient pheromones by altering their mating behavior. Here, we test whether exposure to stereospecific and racemic synthetic pheromones influences calling and subsequent propensity to mate in female swede midge (Contarinia nasturtii Kieffer; Diptera: Cecidomyiidae), a pest of Brassica crops.

RESULTS

In both laboratory and field settings, females exposed to stereospecific and racemic three‐component pheromone blends called significantly more frequently and for longer durations than midges in control treatments. In the field, midges were twice as likely to call in pheromone‐treated plots versus nontreated plots. Additionally, pheromone pre‐exposure reduced subsequent mating: while 68% of female midges mated following control conditions, only 42% and 35% of females pre‐exposed to stereospecific and racemic three‐component blends mated, respectively.

CONCLUSION

While more frequent calling within pheromone‐treated backgrounds may increase the likelihood that females are detected by males, a reduction in female propensity to mate would increase the efficacy of a pheromone‐mediated mating disruption system. Our work presents the first known investigation of autodetection behavior in Cecidomyiidae. Additional research is necessary to understand the implications of female autodetection for swede midge management.
Enhanced Photoreduction Activity in BiOI1‐xFx Nanosheet for Efficient Removal of Pollutants from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Al‐Keisy Amar , Mahdi Rahman , Ahmed Duha , Al‐Attafi Kadhim , Abd. Majid Wan Haliza
Published: August 2020

Bismuth oxyhalide compounds have similar electronic configurations and crystal structures. Due to high electronegativity, they can be used for synthesizing solid solutions that have a number of advantages, which are enhanced charge separation, efficient adsorption, and high photoreduction potential. Solid solutions of the general formula BiOI1‐xFx (X=0 to 0.5) were prepared using the soft chemical method. The investigation of the optical properties of the considered solid solutions revealed a blue shift in wavelength. The solid solution BiOI0.7F0.3 exhibited an excellent adsorption coefficient and optimum photodegradation performance with RhB dye. Compared to pure BiOI, it showed higher adsorption and caused twice more efficient photodegradation. The different density functional theory (DFT) methods calculations revealed that the shift in band gap in the considered solid solutions mainly took the form of up‐shifting in the conduction band; thus, it was predicted that the reduction potential would increase with the increase in fluorine content. The results thus suggest that BiOI1‐xFx solid solutions are a viable alternative for the use in photocatalytic removal of toxic Pb2 ions from aqueous solutions.
Tuning Nuclearity of Dysprosium (III) Complexes by Controlling Substitution on Ligand Molecule
Authors: Arumugam Selvakumar , Kumar Kushvaha Saroj , Shankar Bhaskaran , Gorantla Sai Manoj N. V. T. , Roy Sudipta , Sana Biprojit , Khuntia Panchanana , Chandra Mondal Kartik
Published: August 2020

This work reports isolation of three multinuclear complexes of Dy(III) ion ([DyIII2(L‐NO2)2(Ph3PO)2(NO3)2] (1), [DyIII5(L)6(Ph3PO)(NO3)(H2O)2(μ3‐OH)2] (2), [DyIII6(L–CH3)6(Ph3PO)2 (μ3‐OH)3(NO3)2 (CH3OH)2] (3)]) by controlling substitution on ligand molecule. The reactions of substituted Schiff‐base ligands (H2L−R; R=NO2 (1), R=H (2), R=CH3 (3)), triphenylphosphine oxide(Ph3PO) with Dy(NO3)3 ⋅ 6H2O in the presence of triethyl amine afford three multinuclear complexs with varing nuclearity, topologies. This work demonstrates effect of substitution on ligand molecules that leads to the isolation of diffrent complexes in the presence of similar reaction conditions.These complexes have been charaterized by single crystal X‐ray diffration (SC‐XRD), High resolution mass spectrometry (HR‐MS). In order to study magnetic behaviour of complexes 1–3, direct current (dc) magnetic susceptibilities have aslo been measured. The effect of substitution on ligand has also been demonstrated by computational studies.
Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation of Furfural over Magnetic Carbon‐Encapsulated CoO@C Catalyst
Authors: Jiang Shanshan , Li Feng , Huang Jin , Wang Yue , Lu Shiyu , Li Pei , Li Cuiqin
Published: August 2020

A magnetic CoO@C catalyst with a carbon‐encapsulated structure was prepared by a hydrothermal method and applied into catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural with alcohol as the hydrogen donor. The preparation parameters of CoO@C were studied in detail. Various techniques were used to systematically analyze the physicochemical properties of CoO@C. The formation mechanism of CoO@C was proposed. CoO@C exhibited higher catalytic activity and selectivity toward furfuryl alcohol in the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural than Co3O4@C and Co@C. The effects of reaction conditions on catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over CoO@C were also investigated to optimize the reaction conditions. The CoO@C catalyst can be recovered and reused under an external magnetic field, and its catalytic performance did not decrease significantly after reuse for four times. Based on the experimental results, a possible mechanism for the catalytic transfer hydrogenation of furfural over CoO@C and over Co@C was proposed.
Ethyl lactate: An Efficient Green Mediator for Transition Metal Free Synthesis of Symmetric and Unsymmetric Azobenzenes
Authors: Pariyar Gyan Chandra , Kundu Tandra , Mitra Bijeta , Mukherjee Suvodip , Ghosh Pranab
Published: August 2020

Ethyl lactate, a bio‐based completely degradable green solvent has been explored as an efficient reaction medium for the synthesis of symmetric as well as unsymmetric azobenzenes using various amines. As an environment friendly solvent, ethyl lactate has been found to have an interesting effect in this methodology for the formation of azobenzenes without the use of any transitional metal catalysts at room temperature.
Binary Nanoparticle Superlattices for Plasmonically Modulating Upconversion Luminescence
Authors: Deng Kerong , Xu Lili , Guo Xin , Wu Xiaotong , Liu Yulian , Zhu Zhimin , Li Qian , Zhan Qiuqiang , Li Chunxia , Quan Zewei
Published: August 2020

Engineering a facile and controllable approach to modulate the spectral properties of lanthanide‐doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) is always an ongoing challenge. Herein, long‐range ordered, distinct two‐dimensional (2D) binary nanoparticle superlattices (BNSLs) composed of NaREF4:Yb/Er (RE = Y and Gd) UCNPs and plasmonic metallic nanoparticles (Au NPs), including AB, AB3, and AB13 lattices, are fabricated via a slow evaporation‐driven self‐assembly to achieve plasmonic modulation of upconversion luminescence (UCL). Optical measurements reveal that typical red–green UCL from UCNPs can be effectively modulated into reddish output in BNSLs, with a drastically shortened lifetime. Notably, for AB3‐ and AB13‐type BNSLs with more proximal Au NPs around each UCNP, modified UCL with fine‐structured spectral lineshape is observed. These differences could be interpreted by the interplay of collective plasmon resonance introduced by 2D periodic Au arrays and spectrally selective energy transfer between UCNPs and Au. Thus, fabricating UCNP‐Au BNSLs with desired lattice parameters and NP configurations could be a promising way to tailor the UCL through controlled plasmonic modulation.
Sibling donation games:pure‐altruism,strategic‐altruism,and the interaction of familial and public transfers
Authors: Farmer Amy , Horowitz Andrew W. , Tan Na
Published: August 2020

Accompanying the rapidly aging populations of high‐income countries are increasing transfers of time and money from adult children to elderly parents (ascending altruism). In this paper we first develop a theoretical model to characterize the general reaction‐functions of two adult siblings choosing transfer amounts (possibly time) to their needy parents under two alternative motivations:pure altruismandstrategic altruism.We show that transfers are strategic substitutes underpure altruismand strategic complements understrategic altruism. The Nash‐equilibrium generates distinct predictions associated with each motivation and we then explore some implications of our findings. A result with potentially important policy implications is that the response of children transfers to increased pension payments to the parents depends on the children's motivations. This contrasts with much of the literature which assumes transfers decrease with increased pension payments.
Influence of axial tension on the shear strength of transversally reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Pham Duc Toan , Fouré Bernard , Pinoteau Nicolas , Abouri Salim , Mège Romain
Published: August 2020

This contribution is addressing the investigation on the effect of axial tension on the shear strength of transversally reinforced concrete beams. It presents the results of a test program of 27 beams with different amounts of shear reinforcement subjected to varying levels of axial tension. After a general discussion about the truss model, the experimental shear strength results from the present study along with the results from some previous studies are analyzed, mainly with respect to the ultimate angle of the concrete struts. Then, several design codes are discussed in order to assess their practical validity, and finally a new method is proposed for the design of the longitudinal and transverse reinforcements, valid irrespective of the levels of the axial tensile force.
Simulations as practice‐based spaces to support elementary teachers in learning how to facilitate argumentation‐focused science discussions
Authors: Mikeska Jamie N. , Howell Heather
Published: August 2020

In order to deepen students' understanding of natural phenomenon and how scientific knowledge is constructed, it is critical that science teachers learn how to engage students in productive scientific argumentation. Simulations for teachers are one possible solution to providing practice‐based spaces where novices can approximate the work of facilitating argumentation‐focused science discussions. This study's purpose is to examine how preservice elementary teachers (PSETs) engage in this ambitious teaching practice within an online simulated classroom composed of five upper elementary student avatars. In this study, which is part of a larger research project, we developed and used four performance tasks to provide opportunities for PSETs to practice facilitating argumentation‐focused science discussions within a simulated classroom. The student avatars were controlled on the backend by a human‐in‐the‐loop who was trained to respond to the teachers' prompts in real time using predesigned student thinking profiles and specific technology, such as voice modulation software. We used analysis of transcripts from the PSETs' video‐recorded discussions to examine how the PSETs engaged the student avatars in scientific argumentation, with particular attention to the teaching moves that supported argument construction and argument critique. We also used survey and interview data to examine how the PSETs viewed the usefulness of these simulation‐based tools to support their learning. Findings show that there was variability in the extent to which the PSETs engaged the student avatars in argument construction and argument critique and the teaching moves that the PSETs used to do so. Results also indicated that PSETs strongly perceive the value of using such tools within teacher education. Implications for the potential of simulations to provide insights into novices' ability to engage students in scientific argumentation and to support them in learning in and from their practice, including how to productively integrate these tools in teacher education, are discussed.
Diffraction of nonstationary waves on wedges and half‐planes under mixed boundary conditions: Exact solutions and weakening of blast waves by wedge‐shaped barriers
Authors: Israilov Mukhady Sh.
Published: August 2020

The problem of diffraction of nonstationary plane waves on a wedge under mixed boundary conditions is considered when the Neumann condition is set on one side of the wedge and the Dirichlet condition is set on other side. For the case of an incident plane wave in the form of a step function, an exact solution of the problem (expressed through elementary functions) is obtained by the direct method based on self‐similarity of the problem, i.e., using the fact that its solution is a homogeneous function of space coordinates and time. This method reduces the dimension of the problem by unity and leads it to the initial‐boundary value problem for the equation of string oscillations in the hyperbolic region and to the mixed boundary problem for the two‐dimensional Laplace equation in the elliptic region. The exact solution is given by reducing the mixed problem for an elliptic domain to a problem with boundary conditions of one type on the whole boundary by means of analytic continuation of unknown function. The results for a half‐plane are significantly simplified in comparison with the solution for a wedge. The behaviour of the obtained solution at the tip of the wedge and near the diffraction front is investigated and qualitative differences from the results for diffraction problems with one‐type boundary conditions on the whole boundary are noted. The numerical comparison is given of the near‐front asymptotic solution of mixed diffraction problem and the similar asymptotic solution by Friedlander for a wedge with acoustically rigid walls. This comparison shows that in the case of a wedge with mixed boundary conditions there is a much greater weakening (attenuation) of the blast waves in the shadow region.
Selective mode excitation of Lamb wave in composite laminates for a circular and two ring‐shaped piezoelectric actuators
Authors: Kirillova Evgenia , Seemann Wolfgang , Shevtsova Maria
Published: August 2020

In the current research the effect of the radius of a transducer, vibration frequency and anisotropic properties of the host structure on the occuring wave fields is analyzed. Semi‐analytical approach based on the Green's matrix representations and the Fourier transform is applied for calculation of dispersion curves and wave fields in two types of composite layups in a wide frequency‐thickness product range. The contribution of each wave mode in the excited wave field is analyzed. A method for decomposition of the Lamb waves is proposed and examined for the example of a combination of two ring‐shaped actuators.
Was darf der Mensch?
Authors: Hößle Corinna , Plewka Isabelle , Warnstedt Julia
Published: August 2020

Ziel des Moduls „Gesellschaftsrelevante Themen der Biologie kommunizieren“ ist, mit einem forschungsbasierten Lernansatz bioethische Probleme zu erkennen und zu bewerten. Bioethik wird dabei verstanden als die kritische Auseinandersetzung mit den moralischen Dimensionen in den von den Biowissenschaften betroffenen Handlungsfeldern Biomedizin, Biotechnologien und Ökologie (Graumann, 2002; Hößle & Lude, 2004). Bioethische Reflexionen zielen darauf, ethische Orientierungen zu geben sowie Urteils- und Handlungskompetenzen zu vermitteln, die einen verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit den modernen Errungenschaften neuer Technologien in unserer Gesellschaft ermöglichen.
Mit Studierenden forschen und publizieren
Authors: Zegowitz Bernd
Published: August 2020

Wer waren die Literaturwissenschaftler, die bei der Gründung 1914 an die Universität Frankfurt am Main berufen wurden, die das akademische Leben der Stadt Frankfurt in der Weimarer Republik mitprägten, die nach 1933 in Frankfurt weiterhin Literaturwissenschaft betrieben oder die vertrieben wurden? Ein zweisemestriges interdisziplinäres Lehrforschungsseminar am Fachbereich 10 (Neuere Philologien) hat anlässlich des Jubiläums zum 100-jährigen Bestehen der Universität im Jahr 2014 Antworten auf diese Fragen gesucht. Das Ergebnis ist eine virtuelle Ausstellung mit 20 Porträts (Goethe Universität Frankfurt am Main, 2017). Diese Ausstellung war jedoch nur ein Teil einer Reihe von Veranstaltungen, die sich im Jubiläumsjahr der Frankfurter Universität mit den Literaturwissenschaften in Frankfurt befassten.
Forschung in der Lehre: das Projekt MAREM
Authors: Witkowski Juliana , Mratschkowski Anna
Published: August 2020

Das Lehrforschungsprojekt MAREM –MApping REfugees‘ Arrivals at Mediterranean Borders(MAREM) wurde von Oktober 2013 bis September 2016 am Lehrstuhl Soziologie/Organisation, Migration, Mitbestimmung an der Ruhr-Universität Bochum durchgeführt und im Rahmen der Lehre als ein auf zwei Semester angelegtes Seminar angeboten. Es diente zunächst dazu, die Studierenden in das generelle Thema der (Flucht-)Migration und in Methoden der qualitativen empirischen Sozialforschung einzuführen und bot während der Analysephase eine Plattform zum Erfahrungs- und Ergebnisaustausch. Insgesamt nahmen mehr als 50 Studierende am Projekt teil.
Publikationsformate im Forschenden Lernen
Authors: Haberstroh Susanne , Petersen Maren
Published: August 2020

Unter Forschendem Lernen versteht Huber das Durchlaufen eines gesamten Forschungszyklus „bis zur Prüfung und Darstellung der Ergebnisse“ (Huber, 2009, S. 11). Dieser letzte Schritt – die Präsentation der Forschungsergebnisse – wird in diesem Beitrag beleuchtet. Wir möchten aufzeigen, wie die immer noch häufige Praxis, Ergebnisse studentischer Forschung in Form von Forschungsberichten zu dokumentieren, die durch die Lehrenden gelesen und bewertet werden, durch andere Formate ersetzt oder ergänzt werden kann.
Lernschöpfungskette Forschung – von der Idee bis zur fertigen Abschlussarbeit
Authors: Engler Barbara , Gerstenberg Julia
Published: August 2020

Die Umsetzung des anspruchsvollen Konzepts „Forschendes Lernen“ gestaltet sich übersichtlicher und weniger schwierig, wenn es sowohl Studierenden als auch Lehrenden in Etappen nähergebracht und der akademische Nachwuchs mit dem Forschungsprozess in kleinen Einheiten vertraut gemacht wird. In diesem Beitrag werden die Vorteile einer Sequenzierung des Forschenden Lernens mit Fokus auf das Lernen des Forschens beleuchtet und anhand des Qualitätspakt-Lehre-Projekts „Humboldt reloaded – Wissenschaftspraxis von Anfang an“ an der Universität Hohenheim beispielhaft dargestellt.
„Wissenschaft als sozialen Prozess erfahren“
Authors: Siegfried Meike , Wiemer Matthias
Published: August 2020

Studierende in soziale Prozesse einzubinden ist ein zentrales Argument für Forschendes Lernen im Studium. Dabei können unterschiedliche Bildungsziele in den Fokus rücken, die eine je eigene Perspektive auf Gemeinschaftsbildungsprozesse erfordern. Der Beitrag geht diesen verschiedenen Perspektiven nach und zeigt, welche Herausforderungen und Chancen sich aus einer differenzierten Betrachtung der unterschiedlichen Verwirklichungen von Gemeinschaft für die Lehrpraxis ergeben.
Cosmological singularities and 2-dimensional dilaton gravity
Authors: Bhattacharya Ritabrata , Narayan K. , Paul Partha
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We study Big-Bang or -Crunch cosmological singularities in 2-dimensional dilaton-gravity-scalar theories, in general obtained by dimensional reduction of higher dimensional theories. The dilaton potential encodes information about the asymptotic data defining the theories, and encompasses various families such as flat space, AdS, conformally AdS as arising from nonconformal branes, and more general nonrelativistic theories. We find a kind of universal near singularity behaviour independent of the dilaton potential, giving universal interrelations between the exponents defining the time behaviour near the cosmological singularity. More detailed analysis using a scaling ansatz enables finding various classes of cosmological backgrounds, recovering known examples such as the AdS Kasner singularity as well finding as new ones. We give some comments on the dual field theory from this point of view.
Entanglement and symmetry resolution in two dimensional free quantum field theories
Authors: Murciano Sara , Di Giulio Giuseppe , Calabrese Pasquale
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We present a thorough analysis of the entanglement entropies related to different symmetry sectors of free quantum field theories (QFT) with an internal U(1) symmetry. We provide explicit analytic computations for the charged moments of Dirac and complex scalar fields in two spacetime dimensions, both in the massive and massless cases, using two different approaches. The first one is based on the replica trick, the computation of the partition function on Riemann surfaces with the insertion of a flux α, and the introduction of properly modified twist fields, whose two-point function directly gives the scaling limit of the charged moments. With the second method, the diagonalisation in replica space maps the problem to the computation of a partition function on a cut plane, that can be written exactly in terms of the solutions of non-linear differential equations of the Painlevé V type. Within this approach, we also derive an asymptotic expansion for the short and long distance behaviour of the charged moments. Finally, the Fourier transform provides the desired symmetry resolved entropies: at the leading order, they satisfy entanglement equipartition and we identify the subleading terms that break it. Our analytical findings are tested against exact numerical calculations in lattice models.
New de Sitter solutions of 10d type IIB supergravity
Authors: Andriot David , Marconnet Paul , Wrase Timm
Published: August 2020

Abstract

We find and study 17 new de Sitter solutions of ten-dimensional (10d) type IIB supergravity with intersecting D5-branes and orientifold O5-planes, as well as a new Minkowski one. These solutions are obtained numerically on 6d group manifolds, the compactness of which is established for 4 of them. We show that all our de Sitter solutions are perturbatively unstable, using a restricted 4d effective theory of four scalar fields. We finally analyse whether our solutions can be promoted to classical string backgrounds. Several of them appear as good candidates, as they satisfy all requirements imposed so far.
How to succeed at Witten diagram recursions without really trying
Authors: Zhou Xinan
Published: August 2020

Abstract

Witten diagrams are basic objects for studying dynamics in AdS space, and also play key roles in the analytic functional bootstrap. However, these diagrams are notoriously hard to evaluate, making it extremely difficult to search for recursion relations among them. In this note, we present simple methods to obtain recursion relations for exchange Witten diagrams from conformal block recursion relations. We discover a variety of new relations, including the dimensional reduction formulae for exchange Witten diagrams. In particular, we find a five-term recursion relation relating exchange Witten diagrams in d and d − 2 dimensions. This gives the holographic analogue of a similar formula for conformal blocks due to Parisi-Sourlas supersymmetry. We also extend the analysis to two-point functions in CFTs with conformal boundaries, and obtain similar results.
Tiling a Circular Disc with Congruent Pieces
Authors: Kurusa Árpád , Zsolt Lángi , Vígh Viktor
Published: August 2020

In this note, we prove that any monohedral tiling of the closed circular unit disc with $$k \le 3$$

k
≤
3

topological discs as tiles has a k-fold rotational symmetry. This result yields the first nontrivial estimate about the minimum number of tiles in a monohedral tiling of the circular disc in which not all tiles contain the center, and the first step towards answering a question of Stein appearing in the problem book of Croft, Falconer, and Guy in 1994.
Filipino help-seeking for mental health problems and associated barriers and facilitators: a systematic review
Authors: Martinez Andrea B. , Co Melissa , Lau Jennifer , Brown June S. L.
Published: August 2020

Purpose

This systematic review aims to synthesise the evidence on behavioural and attitudinal patterns as well as barriers and enablers in Filipino formal help-seeking.

Methods

Using PRISMA framework, 15 studies conducted in 7 countries on Filipino help-seeking were appraised through narrative synthesis.

Results

Filipinos across the world have general reluctance and unfavourable attitude towards formal help-seeking despite high rates of psychological distress. They prefer seeking help from close family and friends. Barriers cited by Filipinos living in the Philippines include financial constraints and inaccessibility of services, whereas overseas Filipinos were hampered by immigration status, lack of health insurance, language difficulty, experience of discrimination and lack of acculturation to host culture. Both groups were hindered by self and social stigma attached to mental disorder, and by concern for loss of face, sense of shame, and adherence to Asian values of conformity to norms where mental illness is considered unacceptable. Filipinos are also prevented from seeking help by their sense of resilience and self-reliance, but this is explored only in qualitative studies. They utilize special mental health care only as the last resort or when problems become severe. Other prominent facilitators include perception of distress, influence of social support, financial capacity and previous positive experience in formal help.

Conclusion

We confirmed the low utilization of mental health services among Filipinos regardless of their locations, with mental health stigma as primary barrier, while resilience and self-reliance as coping strategies were cited in qualitative studies. Social support and problem severity were cited as prominent facilitators.
A new phytoecdysteroid from the stem bark of Vitex cienkowskii
Authors: Stark Timo D. , Rami Julius , Fröhlich Sonja , Weiss Patrick , Vierling Wolfgang , Dongmo Alain B. , Hofmann Thomas
Published: August 2020

To investigate differences in the metabolome of the stem bark of Vitex cienkowskii harvested at three different locations and three different seasons, their extracts were analyzed by means of UPLC–ESI–IMS–TOF MSe. One marker metabolite was isolated and chemically characterized, which was identified as the new compound 20,24-dihydroxy,24-hydroxymethylecdysone (1). IMS showed two drift time species for 1 which could be used as new and additional characteristic compound parameters in compound identification to reduce dereplication and false positives.
Ulnar collateral ligament injuries of the first metacarpophalangeal joint: prevalence of associated injuries on radiographs and MRI
Authors: Manneck Sebastian , Del Grande Filippo , Hirschmann Anna
Published: August 2020

Purpose

To evaluate the prevalence of associated findings at the first metacarpophalangeal joint on radiographs and MRI following acute ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries.

Materials and methods

This retrospective study included 25 patients with an injury of the UCL at MRI. Presence of associated injuries to the volar ligaments (checkrein and phalangoglenoid ligaments and volar plate) was assessed on radiographs and MRI independently by two musculoskeletal radiologists. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare frequencies of injuries between both modalities (p < 0.05). Interreader variability was calculated.

Results

Complete tears of the UCL (48%/60%, reader 1/2) were more common than partial tears (24%/16%) on MRI. Dislocation of the UCL ≥ 3 mm was detected in 40%/56% on MRI. UCL avulsion fractures were more frequently seen on MRI (28%) compared with radiographs (12%) for reader 1. Associated avulsion injuries of the phalangoglenoid ligament were evident in 12%/8% on radiographs and in 80%/76% on MRI. Almost all patients (100%/79%) with a dislocated UCL tear showed a concomitant volar ligament injury; and even two-thirds (66%/72%) of the non-displaced UCL tears had an injury to the volar ligaments. Interreader agreement was moderate to excellent (κ = 0.60–1.0).

Conclusion

UCL tears are often associated with volar ligament injuries, even in lesser degrees of an UCL injury.