bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics, complications and outcomes among 1549 patients hospitalised with COVID-19 in a secondary hospital in Madrid, Spain: a retrospective case series study
Authors: Jiménez Eva , Fontán-Vela Mario , Valencia Jorge , Fernandez-Jimenez Ines , Álvaro-Alonso Elena Alba , Izquierdo-García Elsa , Lazaro Cebas Andrea , Gallego Ruiz-Elvira Elisa , Troya Jesús , Tebar-Martinez Ana Josefa , Garcia-Marina Belén , Peña-Lillo Gabriela , Abad-Motos Ane , Macaya Laura , Ryan Pablo , Pérez-Butragueño Mario
Published: November 2020

Objectives

To describe demographic, clinical, radiological and laboratory characteristics, as well as outcomes, of patients admitted for COVID-19 in a secondary hospital.

Design and setting

Retrospective case series of sequentially hospitalised patients with confirmed SARS-CoV-2, at Infanta Leonor University Hospital (ILUH) in Madrid, Spain.

Participants

All patients attended at ILUH testing positive to reverse transcriptase-PCR on nasopharyngeal swabs and diagnosed with COVID-19 between 1 March 2020 and 28 May 2020.

Results

A total of 1549 COVID-19 cases were included (median age 69 years (IQR 55.0–81.0), 57.5% men). 78.2% had at least one underlying comorbidity, the most frequent was hypertension (55.8%). Most frequent symptoms at presentation were fever (75.3%), cough (65.7%) and dyspnoea (58.1%). 81 (5.8%) patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) (median age 62 years (IQR 51–71); 74.1% men; median length of stay 9 days (IQR 5–19)) 82.7% of them needed invasive ventilation support. 1393 patients had an outcome at the end of the study period (case fatality ratio: 21.2% (296/1393)). The independent factors associated with fatality (OR; 95% CI): age (1.07; 1.06 to 1.09), male sex (2.86; 1.85 to 4.50), neurological disease (1.93; 1.19 to 3.13), chronic kidney disease (2.83; 1.40 to 5.71) and neoplasia (4.29; 2.40 to 7.67). The percentage of hospital beds occupied with COVID-19 almost doubled (702/361), with the number of patients in ICU quadrupling its capacity (32/8). Median length of stay was 9 days (IQR 6–14).

Conclusions

This study provides clinical characteristics, complications and outcomes of patients with COVID-19 admitted to a European secondary hospital. Fatal outcomes were similar to those reported by hospitals with a higher level of complexity.
Neuromonitoring with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) in aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Bensaidane Mohamed Reda , Turgeon Alexis F , Lauzier François , English Shane W , Leblanc Guillaume , Francoeur Charles L
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH) is a devastating disease associated with high mortality and morbidity. The main threat to patients is delayed cerebral ischaemia (DCI). Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a recent technology allowing continuous, non-invasive cerebral oximetry that could permit timely detection of impending DCI and appropriate intervention to improve outcomes. However, the ability of regional oxygen saturation to detect DCI, its association to the outcome, or benefits of any interventions based on NIRS data, are lacking. Our aims are to evaluate NIRS technology both as a therapeutic tool to improve outcomes in aSAH patients and as a diagnostic tool for DCI.

Methods and analysis

MEDLINE, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews will be searched from their inception and without language restriction. Our search strategy will cover the themes of subarachnoid haemorrhage and cerebral oximetry, without limitations regarding studied outcomes. We will identify all observational and interventional human studies of adult patients hospitalised after aSAH that were monitored using NIRS. Functional outcome measures, including the modified Rankin Scale, the Glasgow Outcome Scale and the Barthel Index, will constitute the primary outcome. The Cochrane Risk of Bias tool will be used for randomised controlled trials, the ROBINS-I tool to assess non-randomised studies of interventions and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale for cohort or case–control studies. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2 will be applied to studies evaluating NIRS diagnostic accuracy for DCI. We will evaluate the quality of the evidence of the effect based on the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology.

Ethics and dissemination

Dissemination will proceed through submission for journal publication, trial registry completion and abstract presentation. Ethics approval is not required.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020077522.
Addition of methyl jasmonate and rutin hydrate at harvest time elicits lipid production in Scenedesmus
Authors: Kaushik Nutan , Dhup Saumya , Jamsheer K Muhammed
Published: November 2020

Microalgae are a sustainable source of lipids for industrial applications. In this study, we tested the effect of three chemical elicitors [chitosan, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and flavonoids] on lipid accumulation in the microalga Scenedesmus. We analyzed the effect of different concentrations of these elicitors at different time points on growth rate and lipid production. We found that these elicitors did not have an adverse effect on the growth rate of Scenedesmus at different time points, by comparison with their respective controls. Among the three elicitors, MeJA at a low concentration (25 μL/L) was found to be effective at enhancing the lipid production in Scenedesmus when added at the time of harvest and allowed to react for 12 h, whereas flavonoid treatment, specifically at 0.5 mg/L, enhanced lipid production after 24 h. Fatty acid methyl ester analysis by GC–MS revealed no difference in lipid profile before or after chemical induction. Taken together, this comparative analysis highlights the potential of MeJA at a low concentrations to be effective at improving lipid productivity without altering the growth rate in Scenedesmus.
A Second Conversation with Werner Vogels
Authors: Killalea Tom
Published: November 2020

When I joined Amazon in 1998, the company had a single US-based website selling only books and running a monolithic C application on five servers, a handful of Berkeley DBs for key/value data, and a relational database. That database was called "ACB" which stood for "Amazon.Com Books," a name that failed to reflect the range of our ambition. In 2006 acmqueue published a conversation between Jim Gray and Werner Vogels, Amazon's CTO, in which Werner explained that Amazon should be viewed not just as an online bookstore but as a technology company. In the intervening 14 years, Amazon's distributed systems, and the patterns used to build and operate them, have grown in influence. In this follow-up conversation, Werner and I pay particular attention to the lessons to be learned from the evolution of a single distributed system, S3, which was publicly launched close to the time of that 2006 conversation.
Effect of Molecular Structure and Coordinating Ions on the Solubility and Electrochemical Behavior of Quinone Derivatives for Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Huang Zhifeng , Lee Jongwook , Henkensmeier Dirk , Hempelmann Rolf , Kim Sangwon , Chen Ruiyong
Published: November 2020

Water soluble organic redox-species have been studied in redox flow batteries as promising alternatives to overcome the limitation of current vanadium chemistry such as low energy density and high cost. Herein, a comparative physicochemical and electrochemical study of several structurally similar quinones in different molalities of imidazolium-based aqueous electrolytes highlights the importance of the molecular structure of organic solutes and their coordination with the imidazolium cations in electrolytes. A quinone derivative of 2-methoxyl-hydroquinone with a record solubility of 7.9 M at room temperature is obtained in the aqueous imidazolium-based supporting electrolyte. This is close to a maximum value of 8.13 M in its molten state, suggesting a new approach to dissolving organic-active materials. In addition, strong coordination imposes a significant effect on the chemical/electrochemical stability and redox potential of the organic quinones. The reaction kinetics and cycling performance of the 2-methoxyl-hydroquinone as catholyte in a redox flow battery have been investigated by pairing it with a vanadium anolyte (V3+/V2+ redox pair), showing a high cycling efficiency and structural stability.
Target Enzymes Considered for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease and Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Kim Namdoo , Lee Hyuck Jin
Published: November 2020

Various amyloidogenic proteins have been suggested to be involved in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases (ND) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Particularly, the aggregation of misfolded amyloid‐β and hyperphosphorylated tau and α‐synuclein are linked to the pathogenesis of AD and PD, respectively. In order to care the diseases, multiple small molecules have been developed to regulate the aggregation pathways of these amyloid proteins. In addition to controlling the aggregation of amyloidogenic proteins, maintaining the levels of the proteins in the brain by amyloid degrading enzymes (ADE; neprilysin (NEP), insulin‐degrading enzyme (IDE), asparagine endopeptidase (AEP), and ADAM10) is also essential to cure AD and PD. Therefore, numerous biological molecules and chemical agents have been investigated as either inducer or inhibitor against the levels and activities of ADE. Although the side effect of enhancing the activity of ADE could occur, the removal of amyloidogenic proteins could result in a relatively good strategy to treat AD and PD. Furthermore, since the causes of ND are diverse, various multifunctional (multitarget) chemical agents have been designed to control the actions of multiple risk factors of ND, including amyloidogenic proteins, metal ions, and reactive oxygen species. Many of them, however, were invented without considerations of regulating ADE levels and actions. Incorporation of previously created molecules with the chemical agents handling ADE could be a promising way to treat AD and PD. This review introduces the ADE and molecules capable of modulating the activity and expression of ADE.
The Short QTc Is a Marker for the Development of Atrial Flutter and Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Rabkin Simon W. , Tang Jacky K. K.
Published: November 2020

A short QT interval has been difficult to define, and there is debate whether it exists outside of an extremely small group of individuals with inherited channelopathies and whether it predicts cardiac arrhythmias. The objective was to identify cases with short QT and their consequences. Our hospital ECG database was screened for cases with a QTc based on the Bazett formula (QTcBZT) of less than 340 ms. The QTc was recalculated using the spline (QTcRBK) formula, which more accurately adjusts for the heart rate and identifies cases based on percentile distribution of the QT interval. The exclusion criteria were presence of bundle branch block, arrhythmias, or electronic pacemakers. An age- and sex-matched cohort was obtained from individuals with normal QT intervals with the same exclusion criteria. There were 28 cases with a short QTc (QTcRBK < 380 ms). The age was 69.6 ± 14.6 years (mean ± SD) (50% males). The QT interval was 305.7 ± 61.1 ms with QTcRBK 308.4 ± 31.4 ms. Subsequent ECGs showed atrial flutter in 21%, atrial fibrillation in 18%, and atrial tachycardia in 4% of cases. Thus, atrial arrhythmias occurred in 43% of cases. This incidence was significantly (

p
<
0.0001

) greater than the incidence of atrial arrhythmias in age- and sex-matched controls. In conclusion, a short QT interval can be readily identified based on the first percentile of the new QTc formula. A short QTc is an important marker for the development of atrial arrhythmias, including atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation, with the former predominating. It should be part of patient assessment and warrants consideration to develop strategies for detection and prevention of atrial arrhythmias.
An Evaluation of the Antibacterial Properties of Tormentic Acid Congener and Extracts From Callistemon viminalis on Selected ESKAPE Pathogens and Effects on Biofilm Formation
Authors: Chipenzi Tafadzwa , Baloyi Genuine , Mudondo Tatenda , Sithole Simbarashe , Fru Chi Godloves , Mukanganyama Stanley
Published: November 2020

ESKAPE pathogens, namely, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species, are responsible for a majority of all healthcare-acquired infections (HAI). The bacteria cause nosocomial infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts from Callistemon viminalis have been shown to have antibacterial, antifungal, and anti-inflammatory activities. Tormentic acid congener, a pentacyclic triterpene saponin, was isolated from C. viminalis leaves. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of tormentic acid congener and leaf extracts on biofilm formation by A. baumannii, S. aureus, S. pyogenes, and P. aeruginosa. The antibacterial effects were determined by the microbroth dilution method, and ciprofloxacin was used as the standard antibacterial drug. Biofilm formation and detachment assays were performed using crystal violet staining. Production of extracellular polymeric DNA and polysaccharides from biofilms was also determined. Tormentic acid congener showed time-dependent antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa with a MIC of 100 µg/ml and caused significant protein leakage. Antibacterial activity was found when tormentic acid congener was tested against both S. aureus and P. aeruginosa. The MICs were found to be 25 µg/ml and 12.5 µg/ml for P. aeruginosa and S. aureus cells, respectively. S. pyogenes was found to be susceptible to tormentic acid congener and the hydroethanolic extract with an MIC of 100 µg/ml and 25 µg/ml, respectively. A. baumannii was found not to be susceptible to the compound or the extracts. The compound and the extracts caused a significant decrease in the biofilm extracellular polysaccharide content of S. pyogenes. The extracts and tormentic acid congener caused detachment of biofilms and decreased the release of extracellular DNA and capsular polysaccharides from biofilms of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus. Tormentic acid congener and extracts, thus, have significant antibacterial and antibiofilm activities on these selected ESKAPE bacteria and can act as source lead compounds for the development of antibacterial triterpenoids.
Large Uterine Fibroids in Pregnancy with Successful Caesarean Myomectomy
Authors: Eyong Edu , Okon Okon A.
Published: November 2020

Uterine fibroid is the commonest benign tumour of the female reproductive tract. It occurs in 20–40% of women, whereas the estimated incidence in pregnancy is 0.1–3.9%. Uterine fibroid in pregnancy is usually asymptomatic with complications occurring in 10–30% of cases. The first line of management is conservative with counselling for myomectomy after delivery. However, in the presence of intractable symptoms, both antepartum myomectomy and caesarean myomectomy have been reported to be successfully performed in carefully selected cases. We report a case of large subserous uterine fibroid in pregnancy that was referred to our centre at 14 weeks of gestation. She developed generalized body weakness, backache, and breathlessness at 27 weeks gestation. Thus, she was admitted and managed conservatively for eight weeks with significant relief of symptoms. She eventually had a caesarean myomectomy at 35 weeks of gestation; the outcome was a live female baby with a birth weight of 2.3 kg and a large subserous fibroid weighing 9.5 kg. We can therefore say that caesarean myomectomy can be safely performed in carefully selected cases.
Evolución de la industria en el periodo 2003-2019
Authors: López Fernando , Román Andrés
Published: November 2020

El pilar de ahorro voluntario del sistema de pensiones chileno ofrece tres alternativas de ahorro para el retiro: Ahorro Previsional Voluntario (APV), Ahorro Previsional Voluntario Colectivo (APVC) y Depósitos Convenidos (DC). Estos vehículos tienen como propósito promover el ahorro para el retiro a fin de que las personas aumenten sus pensiones futuras y eventualmente adelanten su edad de jubilación. Este artículo describe la estructura de la industria de ahorro voluntario para el retiro en Chile, presenta algunos hechos estilizados sobre su evolución en el periodo 2003-2019 y plantea algunos desafíos para su desarrollo futuro.
A Case Series of “Solitary Idiopathic Choroiditis” and Proposal of a Nomenclature Change to “Idiopathic Scleroma”
Authors: Duignan Emma , O’Day Roderick , Moloney Thomas , Rahman Waheeda , Damato Bertil
Published: November 2020

Objective: To define the characteristics of solitary idiopathic choroiditis (SIC) in a consecutive series of patients and propose a nomenclature change to idiopathic scleroma. Materials and Methods: Electronic patient records were retrospectively interrogated to identify all patients diagnosed with SIC between 2002 and 2019 in a tertiary referral ophthalmic hospital in the United Kingdom. Results: Thirty-four eyes of 34 patients were found to have SIC. The mean age at diagnosis was 48 years (range 24–78) and 23 patients (68%) were female. All lesions were located posterior to the equator, most frequently in the inferotemporal quadrant (13 eyes, 38%). The lesions had a mean largest basal diameter of 1.2 ± 0.4 disc diameters (range 0.5–2) and their distance to the optic disc had a mean of 1.2 ± 0.9 disc diameters (range 0–3.3). All lesions were intrascleral on enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography, demonstrating a hypo-reflective zone within the sclera, with an underlying hyper-reflective zone in some cases. No lesion enlarged or developed features consistent with active inflammation after a median follow-up time of 0.9 years (range 0–16.8). Discussion/Conclusion: Optical coherence tomography shows SIC to be an intrascleral lesion. Furthermore, we found no evidence of any inflammatory component. A nomenclature change to idiopathic scleroma is appropriate to prevent unnecessary investigation.
Convergence of Olfactory Inputs within the Central Nervous System of a Cartilaginous and a Bony Fish: An Anatomical Indicator of Olfactory Sensitivity
Authors: Camilieri-Asch Victoria , Yopak Kara E. , Rea Alethea , Mitchell Jonathan D. , Partridge Julian C. , Collin Shaun P.
Published: November 2020

The volume of the olfactory bulbs (OBs) relative to the brain has been used previously as a proxy for olfactory capabilities in many vertebrate taxa, including fishes. Although this gross approach has predictive power, a more accurate assessment of the number of afferent olfactory inputs and the convergence of this information at the level of the telencephalon is critical to our understanding of the role of olfaction in the behaviour of fishes. In this study, we used transmission electron microscopy to assess the number of first-order axons within the olfactory nerve (ON) and the number of second-order axons in the olfactory peduncle (OP) in established model species within cartilaginous (brownbanded bamboo shark, Chiloscyllium punctatum [CP]) and bony (common goldfish, Carassius auratus [CA]) fishes. The total number of axons varied from a mean of 18.12 ± 7.50 million in the ON to a mean of 0.38 ± 0.21 million in the OP of CP, versus 0.48 ± 0.16 million in the ON and 0.09 ± 0.02 million in the OP of CA. This resulted in a convergence ratio of approximately 50:1 and 5:1, respectively, for these two species. Based on astroglial ensheathing, axon type (unmyelinated [UM] and myelinated [M]) and axon size, we found no differentiated tracts in the OP of CP, whereas a lateral and a medial tract (both of which could be subdivided into two bundles or areas) were identified for CA, as previously described. Linear regression analyses revealed significant differences not only in axon density between species and locations (nerves and peduncles), but also in axon type and axon diameter (p < 0.05). However, UM axon diameter was larger in the OPs than in the nerve in both species (p = 0.005), with no significant differences in UM axon diameter in the ON (p = 0.06) between species. This study provides an in-depth analysis of the neuroanatomical organisation of the ascending olfactory pathway in two fish taxa and a quantitative anatomical comparison of the summation of olfactory information. Our results support the assertion that relative OB volume is a good indicator of the level of olfactory input and thereby a proxy for olfactory capabilities.
Transoral Laser Surgery for Early Glottic Carcinoma: A Single Surgeon Experience of 101 Consecutive Cases
Authors: Ozturk Kerem , Turhal Goksel
Published: November 2020

Purpose: Investigate the clinical and oncological results of early-stage glottic laryngeal carcinoma patients performed by a single surgeon. Methods: This study was carried out at a tertiary academic center. A total of 101 patients were included (92 males [91.1%], 9 females [8.9%]). Mean age was 62.98 ± 10.2 years (range 33–87). Recurrence, disease-free survival, overall survival, laryngeal preservation rates were analyzed. Results: Tumor stage was Tis (carcinoma in situ) in 11 patients (10.9%), T1a in 66 patients (65.3%), T1b in 12 patients (11.9%), and T2 in 12 patients (11.9%). Postoperative pathology was squamous cell carcinoma in 69 patients (68.3%), carcinoma in situ in 26 patients (25.7%), and high-grade dysplasia in 6 patients (5.9%). Five patients (5.0%) underwent type 1, 7 (6.9%) type 2, 45 (44.6%) type 3, 24 (23.8%) type 4, 6 (5.9%) type 5a, 8 (7.9%) type 5c, 4 (4.0%) type 5d, and 2 (2.0%) type 6 cordectomy. Median follow-up time was 30 months (range 14–66). There were 5 recurrences (5.0%). Three-year disease-free survival was 94.4%. Three-year disease-free survival for stage I and II patients was 94.9 and 91.7%, respectively. Overall survival was 93.8%. Only 1 patient died related to cardiovascular disease. Disease-specific survival was 100%. Conclusions: In conclusion, this is a large case series with good oncological outcomes presented with the perspective of a single surgeon. The data of the study is in accordance with the previous reports.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Urological Emergencies: A Multicenter Experience on over 3,000 Patients
Authors: Grasso Angelica A.C. , Massa Guido , Castelnuovo Mauro
Published: November 2020

Objective: COVID-19 pandemic represents a dramatic challenge for healthcare systems worldwide, and it also affects daily urological practice. After China and Italy, Tessin (Switzerland) has been hit the hardest, due to its close proximity to Lombardy and the high number of frontier workers in the area. Our objective was to share with the scientific community how, during the COVID-19 period, there has been a huge modification in urological emergencies throughout all hospitals included in the Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale (EOC). Methods: We retrospectively reviewed urgent urological consultations requested by the emergency department (ED) of the 4 public hospitals located in Tessin belonging to EOC in the 3-month period between February 15 and May 15, 2020, and compared them to the 2 previous years cases within the same time frame (February 15 to May 15, 2018 and 2019). The number of daily consultations, urgent invasive procedures performed, and admissions were evaluated. Results: The final sample resulted in 594 consultations performed in 2020, 974 in 2018, and 974 in 2019. A higher number of daily consultations were performed during 2018 and 2019. The number of daily admissions dropped consistently during the COVID-19 pandemic (737 vs. 392). Conclusions: Our multicenter study aimed to quantify changes in urgent urological care in Tessin in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic. Urgent urology practice was dramatically affected with a remarkable reduction in urgent urological consultations, whereas a higher risk of admissions was observed in 2020, due to the severity of the patients.
The Minimal Clinically Important Difference in Glaucoma Medication Adherence: Interviews of Glaucoma Experts
Authors: Kolli Ajay , Daniel-Wayman Shelby , Newman-Casey Paula Anne
Published: November 2020

Poor adherence to glaucoma medications is associated with progressive vision loss. While many interventions have sought to increase glaucoma medication adherence, the amount by which adherence must increase to have a clinically significant effect remains unknown. To generate a hypothesized minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for glaucoma medication adherence, we conducted interviews with glaucoma experts. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of the American Glaucoma Society. MCID was defined in 2 ways: (1) the incremental increase in the average percentage of eye drops a patient takes at roughly the correct time and (2) the incremental increase in the proportion of a patient population who attain good adherence. Good adherence was defined as taking more than 80% of drops at approximately the prescribed dose time. Expert opinions on the MCID for glaucoma medication adherence and open-ended responses were recorded through field notes. Twenty-five experts were interviewed. They estimated the MCID for average individual adherence levels as 17.7% (95% CI: 14.6, 20.8). Experts estimated the MCID for the proportion of patients in a practice who attain good adherence (defined as >80% of eye drops taken as prescribed) as 18.5% (95% CI: 15.6, 21.5). The most common identified themes were that the MCID should take into account the cost of the intervention and the burden to the ophthalmologist and to the practice, where experts thought that more costly interventions or those that required more physician time should have larger MCIDs. Based on expert opinion, we hypothesized that the MCID for glaucoma medication adherence is between 15 and 20%. However, the MCID for a given intervention must take into account several factors, including intervention cost and physician burden. This hypothesis may facilitate the design and implementation of future studies to objectively determine an MCID for glaucoma medication adherence.
Patient and Provider Risk in Managing ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Butala Neel M. , Patel Nilay K. , Chhatwal Jagpreet , Vahdat Vahab , Pomerantsev Eugene V. , Albaghdadi Mazen , Sakhuja Rahul , Rosenzweig Anthony , Elmariah Sammy
Published: November 2020

Background:

The optimal treatment strategy for treating ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) in context of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is unclear given the potential risk of occupational exposure during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI). We quantified the impact of different STEMI treatment strategies on patient outcomes and provider risk in context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods:

Using a decision-analytic framework, we evaluated the effect of PPCI versus the pharmaco-invasive strategy for managing STEMI on 30-day patient mortality and individual provider infection risk based on presence of cardiogenic shock, suspected coronary territory, and presence of known or presumptive COVID-19 infection.

Results:

For patients with low suspicion for COVID-19, PPCI had mortality benefit over the pharmaco-invasive strategy, and the risk of cardiac catheterization laboratory provider infection remained very low (<0.25%) across all subgroups. For patients with presumptive COVID-19 with cardiogenic shock, PPCI offered substantial mortality benefit to patients relative to the pharmaco-invasive strategy (7.9% absolute decrease in 30-day mortality), but also greater risk of provider infection (2.3% absolute increase in risk of provider infection). For patients with presumptive COVID-19 with nonanterior STEMI without cardiogenic shock, PPCI offered a 0.4% absolute mortality benefit over the pharmaco-invasive strategy with a 0.2% greater absolute risk of provider infection, and the tradeoff between patient and provider risk with PPCI became more apparent in sensitivity analysis with more severe COVID-19 infections.

Conclusions:

Usual care with PPCI remains the appropriate treatment strategy in the majority of cases presenting with STEMI in the setting of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, utilization of a pharmaco-invasive strategy in selected patients with STEMI with presumptive COVID-19 and low likelihood of mortality from STEMI and use of preventive strategies such as preprocedural intubation in high risk patients when PPCI is the preferred strategy may be reasonable to reduce provider risk of COVID-19 infection.
Sarah’s Laugh, Sodom’s Sin, Hagar’s Kin: Queering Time and Belonging in Genesis 16-21
Authors: Elia Matthew
Published: November 2020

The story of Sodom’s destruction bears the weight of a long history of violence against queer people. The now-standard revisionist view argues the story has nothing to do with sexuality, but rather the ancient ethic of hospitality toward strangers. This article reconsiders both Sodom’s sin and the hospitality ethic of “inclusion” through a series of tropological readings linking Sodom to Sarah’s laugh and Hagar’s wandering. Parts 1 and 2 suggest that, in Sarah’s cynicism and Sodom’s violent grasp for control, the text shows readers competing modes of response to the temporality of strange flesh—to queer futures arriving as wandering divine visitors. Part 3 examines how this reading recasts contemporary debates among Christian interpreters concerning sexuality and among queer theorists concerning temporality and inclusion. Part 4 on Jude’s reinterpretation of Sodom and Part 5 on Hagar imagine ethical possibilities otherwise—beyond “including” strangers, toward undermining the logic of estrangement itself.
When Linguistics and Literarkritik Meet
Authors: Zahn Molly M.
Published: November 2020

This paper will revisit the frequent use of the periphrastic construction of a form of the verb ‮היה‬‎ + participle in the Temple Scroll (TS). As others have noted, TS preserves by far the largest number of cases of this construction in the Qumran corpus, and these cases overwhelmingly involve the yiqṭol of ‮היה‬‎. The use of the construction has also been given compositional weight, serving as a source-critical indicator in prominent theories of the diachronic development of TS. This essay provides a detailed analysis of how the periphrastic construction functions in TS, compares that function to the use of the construction in other Qumran texts, and asks what, if anything, the construction’s distribution might be able to tell us about the processes by which the Temple Scroll was composed.
Negative Polarity in ‮כל‬‎ Constructions in Qumran Hebrew
Authors: Miller-Naudé Cynthia L. , Naudé Jacobus A.
Published: November 2020

The Hebrew quantifier ‮כל‬‎ is used both as a universal quantifier (equivalent to English all) and as a distributive quantifier (equivalent to English each, every). In Qumran Hebrew, as in Biblical Hebrew, the quantifier ‮כל‬‎ occurs in four syntactic constructions depending upon the type of noun phrase that follows it in order to indicate nuances of individuation and specificity in addition to universal and distributive quantification. In contexts in which these constructions occur within the scope of negation, the quantifier assumes negative polarity (none, nothing, any in English). In this article, we identify the syntactic contexts and constructions in which negative polarity is licensed and we describe and analyze the constructions of ‮כל‬‎ with negative polarity. We also compare the negative polarity licensing exhibited in Qumran Hebrew with Biblical Hebrew and demonstrate that some of the features of negative polarity in Qumran Hebrew differ from those in Biblical Hebrew.
Do racket-tailed drongos make tree guards for their nest trees?
Authors: Agnihotri Samira , Kethegowda Marian , Jadeswamy
Published: November 2020

Greater racket-tailed drongos are renowned for their splendid mimicking abilities, and for their significant roles within mixed species flocks in the Old World tropics. Yet, we know little about their basic ecology and breeding behaviour. Here we describe a set of unique behaviours of these drongos during their nesting season. Racket-tailed drongos nested in trees in an open patch of forest, often returning to the same tree year after year. The nesting pair also smoothened the bark of the nest tree trunk with their beaks. These findings suggest that the nest tree is a crucial resource for this species, and have implications for the cognitive abilities of drongos, as well as for hitherto unknown interactions between an avian species and tropical forest trees.
An abnormal rostrum in a wild subadult shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) from the southern Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Wakida-Kusunoki Armando T. , Cruz-Sánchez Jose L. , May-Kú Marco A. , Ardisson Pedro-Luis
Published: November 2020

An abnormal bifid rostrum is reported for the first time for a wild-caught subadult female (carapace length = 22.5 mm) of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus duorarum (Burkenroad, 1939) from Celestun lagoon, Yucatan, southern Gulf of Mexico. A review of registers on morphological abnormalities in shrimps of the family Penaeidae is provided.
Less known aspects of Penaeus kerathurus (Forskål, 1775) (Decapoda, Penaeidae) obtained from the fishermen in the Sea of Marmara: age, growth, and mortality rates
Authors: İhsanoğlu M. Arslan
Published: November 2020

Penaeus kerathurus is an important species for the fishery, thanks to its high nutritional and economic value. Therefore, this study attempts to determine the length distribution, length-weight relationship, age composition, growth parameters, and mortality rates of a population of P. kerathurus. The material was monthly collected from commercial fishermen in and around Karabiga and the Gulf of Erdek in the Sea of Marmara, between May 2018 and April 2019. The carapace length-weight relationships were calculated as W = 0.0023 × CL2.57, W = 0.0036 × CL2.46, and W = 0.0026 × CL2.56 for the females, males and both sexes combined, respectively. The population studied was distinguished into four age groups, and the tmax (= maximum theoretical age) was found to be reached at 11.9 year. The growth parameters were observed to be  = 60.9 mm; K = 0.24 year−1, and t0 = −0.58 year. The rates of total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fisheries mortality (F), and exploitation (E) were calculated to be 1.32, 0.43, 0.89, and 0.67, respectively. The results showed that P. kerathurus suffers from a heavy fishing pressure in the sampled area.
A Roman Figured Weight from the Sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun (Southern Crimea)
Authors: Lysenko Aleksandr V. , Masyakin Vyacheslav V.
Published: November 2020

This article is the publication of a suspended moveable weight for fast scales wrought in the shape of the bust of a Roman emperor which was found within the sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun. The cult place dates from between the Early Roman to the Late Medieval Period. The item is of good quality and well preserved. The depiction of the emperor has a combination of features which permit identification with Tiberius Claudius Nero (AD 14-37). It is an example of the Chiaramonti type distributed in the last decade of Tiberius’ rule and also reproduced after the Emperor’s death. After bringing together the available information about the artefact (date, attitudes to ‘Roman Imperial’ material culture, nature of the find’s context), the authors conclude that the fast scales, of which the weight under discussion formed a part, reached Southern Taurica during the Roman-Bosporan War (AD 45-49). The scales were probably captured by Taurians/Scytho-Taurians from Roman soldiers and then offered to the sanctuary. It is possible that they had been on one of the ships transporting Romans (soldiers of Gaius Julius Aquila stationed in the Bythinia-and-Pontus Province?) in AD 49 along the sea coast, sailing westwards from the Bosporan kingdom. These ships were cast on to the ‘Taurian beach’ by a storm and plundered by the native population (Tac. Ann. XII. 17). One of the possible locations of that event could be Plaka Cape (ancient Lampas), which is situated 17.5 kilometres directly south of the Eklizi-Burun sanctuary.
A Ubiquitous Border for Migrants in Transit and Their Rights: Analysis and Consequences of the Reintroduction of Internal Borders in France
Authors: Barbero Iker
Published: November 2020

Article 6.3 of the Return Directive 2008/115/EC allows a Member State to refrain from issuing a return decision to a third-country national staying illegally in their territory if they are taken back by another Member State under bilateral agreements between the two states. Due to a regressive interpretation of this precept, France has temporarily reinstated border controls and is summarily pushing back or even forcibly deporting undocumented migrants to Spain. This article will argue that the Return Directive does not repeal the obligation to follow a formal readmission procedure (which includes the recognition of a due process to the migrant) and that the French refus d’entrée (denial of entry) is not an adequate procedure for such cases. In other words, all rejections done without ‘taking charge’ of the undocumented migrants are in fact violating the Return Directive. One of the main conclusions is that recent legal reforms in France have given rise to a ubiquitous border regime that considers its borders with other Member States as external borders in order to avoid the (few) guarantees provided by European Union law.
Dublin Revisited: Geographic Asymmetry and Corrective Allocation Mechanisms
Authors: Dreyer-Plum Domenica
Published: November 2020

One argument often brought forward in discussions of the Dublin Regulation is that of ‘geographic asymmetry’ in responsibility for asylum application examination. Given the lack of legal entryways to apply for asylum, migrants often have to choose irregular entry routes. Geographic asymmetry refers to the particular challenge experienced by Mediterranean Member States due to their geographic location. This definitively constitutes a problem in the Dublin system. However, as this paper argues, it is an insufficient explanation for the existing asymmetries in the Dublin system. The operation of the Dublin system in the past ten years has created unexpected asymmetries due to compensation mechanisms not foreseen in the Dublin Regulation. This paper includes a discussion of the proposed Dublin IV Regulation with regards to the existing asymmetries and proposes that—in light of implementation experiences with the Dublin system—the suggested allocation mechanism cannot be a viable legal option.
Court of Justice of the European Union (Ninth Chamber), WT v Subdelegación del Gobierno en Guadalajara
Authors: Acosta Diego
Published: November 2020

This case report provides an account of the issues in the preliminary ruling of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the WT case. The case centres on the elements that need to be considered under Directive 2003/109 before expelling a third-country national, holding a long-term residence permit, who has committed a criminal offence. This case report discusses the interpretation of Article 12 of Directive 2003/109, in particular the concept of threat to public policy, describes the incorrect previous reading by the Spanish Supreme Court of that provision, the possible case for a state liability claim against Spain as a result of that, and the importance of the dialogue between lower-level domestic courts and the Court of Justice on migration matters.
When it is (also) Algorithms and AI that decide on Criminal Matters: In Search of an Effective Remedy
Authors: Contissa Giuseppe , Lasagni Giulia
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the main areas of application of predictive systems based on algorithmic and AI technology, and analyses their impact on fundamental rights and fair trial principles. It focuses in particular on the definition of the right to an effective remedy against decisions taken (also) with the support of algorithmic and AI systems, and proposes some innovative solutions on how to ensure compliance with this right in technologically advanced criminal proceedings.
The Lutheran Theology of Ordained Ministry in the Finnish Context
Authors: Karttunen Tomi
Published: November 2020

Martin Luther’s ordination formulary (1539) followed the early Church in its essential elements of the word, prayer, and the laying on of hands. Ordination was also strongly epicletic, including the invocation of the Holy Spirit. Although Luther did not understand ordination as a sacrament, he affirmed its effective, instrumental character. The Lutheran Reformation retained bishops, but the Augsburg Confession’s article concerning ministry did not mention episcopacy. The Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland’s ordination is by a bishop through the word, prayer, and laying on of hands. Ordination is not merely the public confirmation of vocation but an instrumental and sacramentally effective act, in which benediction confers the ministry. If the Church is Christ’s presence and the incarnate Word is the basic sacrament in Lutheran-Roman Catholic dialogue, is a differentiated consensus possible concerning the ministry of word and sacrament, and ordination within this context, as a means of grace indwelt by God?
Rethinking the Refuge
Authors: Bernat Chrystel , van der Linden David
Published: November 2020

The history of the Huguenot Refuge in the Dutch Republic has often been written from a strictly national and confessional perspective, with little attention paid to the connections between French Protestants and other religious communities. In recent years, however, scholars from fields other than religious history have begun to explore the impact of the Huguenot Refuge, while historians of migration have compared the Huguenots to other minorities. Building on these new directions, this special issue seeks to move beyond the traditional boundaries of scholarship on the Dutch Refuge. Focusing on untapped archival sources, the relations between the Huguenots and other religious communities, as well as transnational networks of conflict and solidarity, the articles gathered here propose a more systemic approach towards the Huguenot Refuge in the Dutch Republic.
“Enemies Surround Us and Besiege Us”
Authors: Bernat Chrystel
Published: November 2020

This article uses unpublished exile sermons exhumed from the Leiden manuscripts, theological dissertations, and synodal sources to explore the interfaith relationships of exiled societies in the Dutch Republic, in particular the links between Huguenot refugees and their multi-confessional host society. It examines how ministers viewed the exiles’ relationships with the other, as well as the theological motives for stigmatising such ties. By studying confessional interactions of competition and mutual attraction within the Refuge, this essay highlights the porous nature of religious boundaries, despite the Huguenot community’s isolate claimed by the ministers. It also reveals latent conflicts between diasporic societies: the United Provinces were not a peaceful asylum for the Reformed faith of refugees, but rather the scene of a counter-Catholic struggle that stretched even into the Spanish Netherlands. Finally, this survey shows that exile revived proselytist projects aimed at French-speaking Jews and supported extraterritorial religious struggles in the eighteenth century.
The Chinese Ideophone Database (CHIDEOD)
Authors: VAN HOEY Thomas , THOMPSON Arthur Lewis
Published: November 2020

This article introduces the Chinese Ideophone Database (CHIDEOD), an open-source dataset, which collects 4948 unique onomatopoeia and ideophones (mimetics, expressives) of Mandarin, as well as Middle Chinese and Old Chinese. These are analyzed according to a wide range of variables, e.g., description, frequency. Apart from an overview of these variables, we provide a tutorial that shows how the database can be accessed in different formats (.rds, .xlsx, .csv, R package and online app interface), and how the database can be used to explore skewed tonal distribution across Mandarin ideophones. Since CHIDEOD is a data repository, potential future research applications are discussed.
On the sound change *ld > nd in Tibetic
Authors: NIKOLAEV Dmitry
Published: November 2020

This short note provides phonetic and phonological arguments in favour of the explanation of the sound change *ld > nd in Tibetic proposed by Sprigg (1972). It is argued that an alternative explanation by Gong (2016), resting on a novel interpretation of the consonant system of Common Central Tibetan, is not supported by the data and has no conceptual advantages.
Partisanship, Political Support, and Information Processing Among President Rodrigo Duterte’s Supporters and Non-Supporters
Authors: Arata Naomi B. , Torneo Ador R. , Contreras Antonio P.
Published: November 2020

This study investigates whether partisanship influences the cognitive processing of statements made by President Rodrigo Duterte. It adopts a pre-test/post-test design and involves 254 college students from Metro Cebu and Metro Manila Philippines. Findings suggest that partisanship significantly influenced the cognitive processing of statements attributed to President Duterte. Political support was significantly and positively associated with belief. Supporters were more likely to express belief in attributed statements. Even when informed that the statements were false, their political support did not significantly decline. Non-supporters were less likely to believe attributed statements and more likely to change their minds when shown information that the statements were false. “Motivated reasoning” or “expressive responding” may explain these findings but there is not enough data in this study to establish this. The implication is that fact-checking may have a limited impact on changing the minds or diminishing the political support of the strongly partisan.
Duterte Presidency and the 2019 Midterm Election: An Anarchy of Parties?
Authors: Kasuya Yuko , Teehankee Julio C.
Published: November 2020

In this article, we argue that a consequence of Duterte’s presidency is the further weakening of the party system in the Philippines, or the emergence of “anarchy of parties.” Traditionally, Philippine presidents used their power of patronage in a quid-pro-quo manner vis-à-vis the legislators to achieve presidents’ goals, and this executive-legislative transaction was coordinated mainly through the president’s party. However, evidence suggests that Duterte bypassed Congress to achieve his policies by riding on his popularity and did not have to use his power of pork to co-opt politicians. As a result, the president’s party decreased its value as a coordination device for congressional affairs and party nominations at elections. Consequently, what we observe is an anarchy of parties where inter-party competition has become even more fluid and fragmented than before the Duterte presidency. We provide corroborative evidence to support our claim by mainly focusing on the 2019 midterm elections.
The Islamic State’s Global-Localization Strategy in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines
Authors: Wong Pak Nung
Published: November 2020

Despite the United States and its allies recently declaring the utter defeat of the terrorist organization Islamic State’s (IS) strongholds in Iraq and Syria, the 2019 Easter suicide bombings in Sri Lanka highlights IS’s successful transformation into a globally networked organization. This paper examines IS’s global-localization strategy by identifying the common patterns in its terrorist attacks in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines. Through global-localization, the so-called IS caliphate in the Middle East is able to effectively connect with Muslim communities in the peripheral Global South and command supremacy over them. I will outline IS’s self-transformative strategy by comparing its terror attacks in Sri Lanka, Indonesia and the Philippines. Through historical analysis of post-colonial ethnic conflicts among the Sinhalese, Tamil and Muslim groups in Sri Lanka, I will generate policy recommendations for the establishment of a pluralistic and inclusive intelligence system as an essential means to prevent further terrorist attacks.