bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universos funcionam como Grande Cérebro?
Authors: Paiva Neto Arnaldo Pinto Guedes de
Published: December 2020

O artigo põe em debate se haveria uma forma científica de explicar a existência de Deus ou deuses. O objetivo do trabalho é responder se diferentes religiões e crenças poderiam se aliar de forma pacífica com o cientificismo. Há uma necessidade constante de diplomacia para que sobrevivamos aos sentimentos impostos pela convivência em sociedade. A nossa proposta é de sermos um movimento intelectual, bioético e científico que tente encontrar um “denominador comum” para as diferentes formas de interpretar a existência e amparar a solidão que sentimos, visto que o Universo também tem sentimentos. A visão científica deste trabalho é em defesa da existência de diversas formas de interpretar os fatos científicos e religiosos. O estudo se baseia nos princípios de liberdade religiosa e dignidade humana. A evolução da humanidade caminha lado a lado com a conciliação entre os povos e enaltecimento dos direitos humanos.
Uma Revisão Sistemática de Estudos Experimentais sobre Nomeação Bidirecional
Authors: Santos Edson Luiz Nascimento dos , Souza Carlos Barbosa Alves de
Published: December 2020

A Nomeação bidirecional (BiN) pode ser genericamente definida como uma relação comportamental bidirecional que integra as funções verbais de falante e ouvinte. Recentemente, uma nova proposta de classificação de BiN em diferentes subtipos foi apresentada por Hawkins, Gautreaux e Chiesa (2018). O presente estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática de estudos experimentais sobre BiN com objetivo de identificar e analisar o perfil dos participantes e, considerando a nova classificação, os subtipos de BiN que os estudos buscaram avaliar e os procedimentos de ensino utilizados, os procedimentos empregados para testar a emergência da BiN, e a BiN efetivamente avaliada. Utilizando o termo ‘Naming’, foi realizada uma busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Wiley e Web of Science. Após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão/exclusão, 29 artigos foram selecionados para análise. Observou-se que 16 estudos foram realizados com participantes com desenvolvimento atípico, e que a maioria utilizou (1) ensino de emparelhamento ao modelo por identidade com tato do estímulo modelo pelo experimentador (IDMTS+tato) e testes de tato e ouvinte na avaliação de Nomeação unidirecional de falante, considerando a análise dos efeitos do ensino de IDMTS+tato nos testes; e (2) ‘ensino por múltiplos exemplares’ (MEI) como procedimentos de indução de Nomeação unidirecional de falante. Discute-se a necessidade de estudos que avaliem de forma mais precisa os efeitos de diferentes procedimentos (ex. MEI, ‘observação de pareamento de estímulos’) na indução dos demais subtipos de BiN.Palavras-chave:  nomeação bidirecional, falante, ouvinte, revisão sistemática.
Positivity Rate of Pyrosequencing to Diagnose Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Directly from Sputum with Different Bacterial Load
Authors: Syafira Selma Zein , Zavitri Nabilla Ghina , Yan Su , Sribudiani Yunia , Lezhava Alexander , Chaidir Lidya
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND: Molecular techniques, which detect mutations associated with drug resistance tuberculosis (TB), are promising technologies for rapid diagnosis and monitoring of drug-resistant TB. Pyrosequencing is a potential rapid and robust molecular technique to detect drug resistance but its performance in clinical samples is less investigated. This study aimed to determine the positivity rate of pyrosequencing to diagnose drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of sputum smear microscopy results.METHODS: Thirty-five sputum specimens from drug-resistant TB suspects were submitted for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) microscopy. All specimens were cultured using microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) culture. Pyrosequencing was performed to DNA extracted from sputum of culture-positive patients.RESULTS: MODS culture was positive in 19/35 subjects (54.29%) samples; 16 smear-positive and three smear-negative. Using pyrosequencing, Mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified in all culture-positive samples, including smear-negative samples. A complete resistance profile for 16 (82.35%) samples could be generated. Pyrosequencing failed to show results for eis or gyrA promoter in three samples. Nine of 19 patients were multidrug resistant-TB (MDR-TB), 1/19 was rifampicin-resistance TB (RR-TB), and 4/19 were pre-extensively drug-resistant TB (pre-XDR-TB). Two novel mutations in rpoB and rrs (associated with rifampicin and aminoglycoside, respectively) were found in this study.CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrates high positivity rates of pyrosequencing to detect drug-resistant TB directly from sputum samples with different grades of smear microscopy, as the surrogate of bacterial load. The assay can be used as a first prediction test of drug resistance prior to confirmation by phenotypic tests.KEYWORDS: drug-resistant tuberculosis, pyrosequencing, direct sputum
La evolución del régimen sucesoral en el derecho colombiano. A propósito de la Ley 1934 de 2018
Authors: Hernández Néstor Raúl Charrupi
Published: December 2020

La tensión que ha existido entre los principios de libertad testamentaria y restricción de la voluntad del testador, presente en diferentes países del derecho anglosajón y continental, fundamentaron la expedición de la Ley 1934 de 2018, que introdujo cambios al régimen de sucesiones colombiano al darle paso a una mayor autonomía y libertad del testador de disponer de su patrimonio con efectos después de su muerte, reforma que preservó algunos rezagos del sistema testamentario restringido, al mantener mecanismos de protección de la expectativa de los legitimarios, situación que requiere una nueva aproximación más acorde con nuestras realidades sociales y familiares.
Adaptacja obcych imion męskich do polszczyzny na podstawie "Odporu na odpowiedź kwestyj" Erazma Glicznera z 1579 roku
Authors: Gozdek Magdalena
Published: December 2020

Głównym celem artykułu jest opis adaptacji obcych imion męskich w publikacji Erazma Glicznera pt. Odpór na odpowiedź kwestyj niektórych podanych o Kościele Powszechnym […] (Grodzisk Wielkopolski 1579) na tle tendencji, które występowały w dawnej polszczyźnie. W wybranym do analizy tekście występują liczne antroponimy, zarówno te obecne w naszym języku od samego początku, jak również te, które były przyswajane dopiero w czasie powstawania dzieła. Autor Odporu był znanym działaczem reformacyjnym, pełniącym funkcję superintendenta kościołów protestanckich w Wielkopolsce. W badanym dziele podjął polemikę z przedstawicielami kontrreformacji. Przedmiotem sporu uczynił pięć prawd wiary, które, jego zdaniem, zostały niewłaściwie zinterpretowane przez katolików. W celu udowodnienia swoich przekonań autor wielokrotnie przywoływał różne postacie z kręgów religijnych oraz świeckich. Na zapis imion wpływ miało także to, jakie osoby za ich pomocą były identyfikowane. W Odporze spotykamy wszystkie trzy wyróżniane przez badaczy sposoby oddania obcych imion: translokację nazwy, adaptację nazwy oraz tłumaczenie nazwy.
INVESTIGATING TEXT-PROCESSING SKILLS OF EFL STUDENTS: A COMPARISON OF EXPLICIT AND INFERENTIAL COMPREHENSION ITEMS
Authors: Topalov Jagoda P.
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to determine whether reading proficiency is a significant predictor of English as a Foreign Language learners’ performance on reading test questions targeting explicit and inferential information when controlling for language proficiency. For this purpose, a total of 38 university students who are taking a course in English as a faculty requirement completed a reading comprehension test with items testing local textual information (locating facts, paraphrasing information, recognizing stated facts) and global textual information (identifying main idea and establishing connections). The participants were first divided into high- and low-proficiency groups based on their scores and then compared by means of a mixed between-within subjects analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results indicate that the participants varied in their ability to identify factual information and to make inferences based on stated information with respect to their reading proficiency, and, to a lesser extent, their overall foreign language proficiency, but not as a result of the interaction between these two factors. This finding offers practical support in favour of the Linguistic interdependence hypothesis, which proposes that reading performance in a foreign language is shared to a large degree with reading ability in a first language and with a general reading ability not tied to any specific language.
The Effect of Various Milling Time Duration On The Characteristic of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) with The Addition of Liquid Pmve-Ma
Authors: Rudyardjo Djony Izak , Ady Jan , Fauzi Aditya Budi
Published: December 2020

A study entitled The Effect of Milling Time Duration on the Characteristics of Glass Ionomer Cement (GIC) Dental Cement with the Addition of Liquid PMVE-MA aims to determine the effect of milling time duration on the physical and mechanical properties of Glass Ionomer Cement, and to determine the optimum milling time duration in order to obtain GIC dental cement with the best characteristic to be applied as a dental restoration material. The duration of the milling time was 80 minutes, 90 minutes, 100 minutes, and 110 minutes. After the milling process, the next process was sintered at a temperature of 1200 for 1 hour to form Powder Glass Ionomer. Then Powder Glass Ionomer was added with Poly Methyl Vinyl Ether-Maleic Acid (PMVE-MA) to form a paste. The mixed paste was then formed. Sample characterization was the density test, the compressive strength test, and the vickers hardness test. The results of the density test obtained the highest value of 1.683 gram / cm3, the compressive strength test of 71.841 MPa, and the highest value of the hardness test of 92.3 Kg / mm2. These results increased as the increasing milling time duration up to 110 minutes.
PENERJEMAHAN RENCANA STRATEGI MENJADI PROGRAM KEGIATAN MENGGUNAKAN BALANCED SCORECARD UNTUK PENGUKURAN KINERJA DAN AKUNTABILITAS DINAS LALU LINTAS DAN ANGKUTAN JALAN
Authors: Wahyudi Wahyudi , Tjahjadi Bambang
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The purpose of this study is intend to knowing the level of understanding of person who make initiative related to the strategic plan of Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi Jawa Timur; also knowing the methods used in elaborating a strategic plan into initiative; c. Knowing the performance measurement has been using as expected; and provide inputregarding the efforts that need to be done in translating strategicplans.Methods: This study uses the Balanced Scorecard model as a strategic management system to translate the strategic plan into an activity program at the Road Traffic and Transportation Office of East Java Province.Results: The results of this research indicated that a Vision Statement Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi JawaTimur can not provide a clear picture about the success rate to be achieved; b. Mission Statement Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi Jawa Timur have not been able todemonstrate the importance of the existence of the Office; c.Formulation of document strategic plan Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi Jawa Timur has not been in accordance with what is expected; d. Realization of the budget that are noteffective and not performance oriented; e. Targetperformance of Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi Jawa Timur has not been measured or is shaped qualitative rather than quantitative; f. Unavailability of data used as the basis for determining the level of achievement of a initiative.Conclusion and suggestion: The vision and mission statement of Dinas Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Jalan Provinsi Jawa Timur needs to be restructure and rearrangement objectives, Goals and Strategies Department
IDENTIFICATION OF KNOWLEDGE OF BULLYING IN ADOLESCENTS AND ITS EFFECTS ON BEHAVIOR OF BULLYING FRIENDS
Authors: Nasir Abdul , . Rindayati , . Iswatun , Mei Tyas Anestasia Pangestu , Kurnia Putri Bela Dwi
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Bullying behavior committed by fellow students at school is always associated with the search for self-identity and social status, but the behavior is very disturbing and has caused many victims. This study is to analyze the relationship of knowledge about bullying in adolescents and its influence on bullying behavior among peers. Methods: Data for this exploratory study were collected using a cross-sectional model. The study sample consisted of 80 students at SMAN 1 Kebomas Gresik who met the inclusion criteria. The independent variable is bullying knowledge. The dependent variable is bullying behavior. Two questionnaires were used in this study, knowledge about bullying and bullying behavior. The statistical test used is the Spearman Rank test with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results: the average sex of the respondent was 1.38 (SD: 0.487), the average age of the respondent was 1.90 (SD: 0.739), the average socioeconomic respondent was 2.75 (SD: 0.490), the average occupation of the respondent was 2.05 (SD: 0.525), the average bullying behavior of respondents is 1.40 (SD: 0.668), and there is a positive-negative relationship between knowledge and bullying behavior in adolescents (p = 0,000).Conclusion: increased knowledge about bullying can reduce bullying behavior. This is necessary for health education to improve understanding of the terror behaviors that are usually carried out by adolescents as a result of the moral release response from the growth and development process that is always experienced by adolescents so that they leave the knowledge possessed
DESCRIPTION OF CHANGES IN INCREASED BODY WEIGHT IN KB PILL ACCEPTOR IN KELORARUM VILLAGE, TIKUNG SUBDISTRICT, LAMONGAN REGENCY
Authors: Mardhika Amelia , Jayadi Nur
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Hormonal contraception is one method that can be used to prevent pregnancy and plan a pregnancy. KB pills are an option because they are easy and inexpensive, but hormonal birth control has the effect of increasing body weight. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of changes in birth control acceptors' pill in Kelorarum Village, Tikung Subdistrict, Lamongan Regency. Methods: The design in this study is descriptive. The sampling technique used was consecutive sampling with a sample of 25 people collecting data with checklists, the collected data was tabulated and presented in the form of frequency tables and narratives. Results: The results in this study were acceptors who experienced changes in body weight mostly increased by 56%, acceptors with a fixed weight of 24%, while acceptors who experienced weight loss were 20%. From the original body weight. The conclusion in this study is that most acceptors experience changes in body weight. Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was found that most KB pill acceptors experienced changes in weight gain, and a small proportion of pill KB acceptors experienced a constant weight and weight loss.
RELATIONSHIP KNOWLEDGE OF DIABETIC FOOT CARE WITH THE OCCURRENCE DIABETIC ULCER IN PUSKESMAS TEGUHAN
Authors: Ayu Indrianisa Sukma , Nisa Raudhotun
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the body is unable to produce insulin so hyperglycemic. Uncontrolled hyperglikemi can result in several complications, one of which occurs in diabolical ulcers or leg injuries. Prevention of diasecond ulcers can be done by controlling blood sugar levels, exercising, and undergoing foot care. Knowledge of foot care needs to be known by diabetics in order to minimize the risk of diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study is to know the level of knowledge of foot care in diabetics mellitus with the occurrence of diabetic ulcers. The design used is a scriptive correlation with the cross sectional approach. Methods: The technique of taking sambel with accidental sempling with a sample of 73 respondents. Analyze data using chi square. Results: The results of the study obtained as many as 40 reseponden (55.8%) knowledgeable and 50 respondents (68.5%) did not have a diabetikum ulcer. The results of the chi square analysis test obtained Pvalue = 0,000 which showed that there is a link between the knowledge of foot care and the incidence of diabetic ulcers in diabetics mellitus. Conclusion: From the results of this study, diabetics are expected to perform foot treatment so as to reduce the risk of diabetic ulcers.
BODY IMAGE IN DIABETES MELITUS PATIENTS WITH ULCUS DIABETIC IN GRESIK
Authors: Muhalla Hafna Ilmy
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Indonesia is ranked 4th in the world for the number of diabetics according to WHO, and most of diabetics experience complications, one of which is ulcer diabetikum. This can be a trigger for the emergence of body image disorders from diabetics, so researchers need to know the picture of ulcus sufferers' body image to later be mapped and make it easier in subsequent handling. The research objective is to describe the image of body image in patients with diabetes mellitus with ulcus complications. Physical changes in the body can affect body image and self-esteem Methods: Design of this study used a descriptive research design, the population in this study were all patients who have diabetes mellitus with ulcus diabeticum in Ibnu Sina Hospital Gresik regency with a sample of 20 respondents, samples were taken by using purposive sampling technique. Data collection using questionnaires with 15 multiple choices question. Furthermore, the data were analyzed with coding, scoring, tabulating presentatif, and described. Results: The results showed a total of 20 respondents obtained ii'om 5 respondents (25%) have a good body image, 7 respondents (35%) had a poor body image and 8 respondents (40%) who did not have a good body image.  Conclusion: Based on the results of this study indicate that in patients with diabetes mellitus who are already experiencing complications of ulcus diabetic almost half of respondents do not have a good body image, and a small proportion of respondents have a good body image. This is due to several factors, namely the respondents admitted that the wounds on his legs is a sign of personal failure on him therefore to improve body image and the changing assessment of the physical condition and provide social support.
MENTAL STATUS WITH SOCIAL INTERACTION CAPACITY IN THE ELDERLY AT SUKODADI COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER, LAMONGAN DISTRICT
Authors: Umam Khotibul , Susanto Joko , Dewi Tantri Tristiana , Wijayanti Endah Sri , Fadliyah Lailatul
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In the human life cycle there is growth and development either physically and mentally. In the elderly phase there are both physical and mental changes due to the degenerative process, leading to limitation in having physical activities, remembering things and speaking. This limitation affects social interaction with others which tends to decline and become passive. Decreasing social interaction of the elderly can cause the feeling of isolation, being useless and lead them to seclusion, because there is no emotional channeling through socializing. The purpose of this study was to identify the association between mental status and Social Interaction Capacity among the elderly at Sukodadi Community Health Center, Lamongan District. Methods: This quantitative study used correlational study and cross sectional design. Data were obtained from Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire and social interaction capacity questionnaire. Samples consisted of 47 respondents, taken with consecutive sampling technique. Data analysis used Spearman test. Results: The majority of respondents (44,7%) had medium intellectual damage and the majority (51,1%) had medium social interaction capacity. The result of Spearman rho test showed p=0,024 and r=0,328 which meant that there was association between mental status and social interaction capacity at medium strength and positive correlation direction. Conclusion: There was association between mental status and social interaction capacity of the elderly at Sukodadi Community Health Center, Lamongan District.
DETERMINANTS OF STUNTING IN CHILDREN AGED 24-59 MONTHS IN THE KASREMAN COMMUNITY HEALTH CENTER
Authors: Kesumawati Devi , Hidayah Nurul
Published: December 2020

Introduction: In Indonesia stunting still the main problem and concern in the field of nutrition, this condition in mark with height not according to age measured use the z-score. Children said stunting if the z-score <- 2SD until ≥- 3 SD and very short if < - 3 SD. Methods: This study to attemps to analyze the determinant. Stunting using study correlation with case design study case control done measurements on past (retrospektif) 38 group with the total sample case and 38 respondents. Results: The control group thr kind of data used primary data. Respondents who experienced anemia is 20 and 15 respondents (39,5 %) have children stunting and 5 responden (13,5 %) has a normal, with p-value p= 0,019 (p < 0,005) showing there the relationship between the anemia as the stunting in the work area Puskesmas Kasreman Conclusion: The conclusion of research is several factors such in minutely in the work area Puskesmas Kasreman, risk heving the anemia higher have children stunting. Expected health service, parents and knowledge of the factor causing people to stunting to prevent the occurrence stunting
Multi-Factorial Management of Fall Risk in the Home Setting With Use of Innovative Technology: A Case Study
Authors: Tarbert Rebecca J
Published: December 2020

Fall risk and fall injury risk are a raising concern for older adults living in the home and community environment. Injuries from falls account for reduced independence in the form of limitations of performance of activities of daily living, significant dependency for ambulation and For up to 50% of those who suffer a hip fracture from a fall, will not be able to return to their prior level of living. Serious fall injuries create a necessity to move into a setting where increased levels of care are provided. The ability to remain in the most desired setting of their own home is a critical part of successfully aging in place. According to the Centers of Disease Control, 36 million older adults in the United States suffered a fall in 2018 with 8 million reported injuries. With the expansion of the older adult population, these numbers are anticipated to inflate up to 52 million falls with 12 million reported fall injuries by the year 2030. Several countries have adopted fall risk mitigation programs for fall risk identification in primary care and community provision of fall management strategies. Traditional methods of fall risk management follow the American Geriatrics Society’s and British Geriatrics Society’s Clinical Practice Guideline. Though great strides are taken to intervene on the modifiable risk factors for falls, the risk of falls for many individuals remains. Introduction of new and innovative technologies can offer increased safety and ability to participate in functional mobility for those most at risk of falls and fall injuries.
Eruption of Mount Ile Lewotolok on November 29, 2020: A Historical Volcanic and Tectonic Seismicity Assessment
Authors: Wibowo Andri
Published: December 2020

An eruption of volcano is related to the past volcanic and tectonic seismicity. Recently, on November 29, 2020, a 1423 m Mount Ile Lewotolok in Lembata Island has erupted. In here, this paper aimed to assess the volcanic and tectonic seismicity as determinant factor and precursor of recent Mt Ile Lewotolok eruption. The assessment shows that Mt Ile Lewotolok volcanic activities were characterized by both tectonic and deep volcanic seismicity. Since 2010, mean tectonic quake magnitudes of M 4.133 (95%CI:M 3.205-5.062) have occurred at mean depth of 13.500 km (95%CI:8.201-18.799 km) within a distance of 3-4 km from the summit. Tectonic quake has occurred frequently in southwest of Ile Lewotolok and this has contributed to the past eruptions in 2012 and 2017. Recent eruption has been influenced by deep volcanic seismicity rather than local tectonic. Based on November 2020 record, mean of deep volcanic seismicity frequency was 2.190 events/day (95%CI:1.136-3.243 events/day km) that has outnumbered (ttest=2.665, P=0.013) the events of local tectonic quakes (mean 0.621 events/day; 95%CI:0.142-1.099events/day). Prior to the eruption there was significant increase of deep volcanic seismicity (P=0.023) while local tectonic quake was not showing an increasing trend (P=0.764). This result confirms that the deep volcanic seismicity frequency is a precursor that may trigger the eruption and deep volcanic seismicity data can be used as indicator of volcanic activities.
Radiofrequency Ablation for Benign Thyroid Nodules: Efficacy According to the Types of Thyroid Nodules
Authors: Li Jianhua , Xue Wenping , Xu Pengfei , Deng Zhen , Duan Caiwen , Zhang Danhua , Zheng Shouhua , Cui Kefei , Qiu Xinguang
Published: December 2020

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has been recommended as minimally invasive treatment for patients with symptomatic benign thyroid nodules (BTNs) because of the large number of clinical applications. This retrospective observational study sought to evaluate the clinical outcomes of RFA for BTNs. From 2014 to 2019, a sample size of 1289 patients treated by RFA were 226 ones with solid nodules and 865 ones with cystic-solid nodule, respectively. The efficacy including the nodule maximal diameter reduction ratio (MDRR), the volume reduction ratio (VRR) and the cosmetic scores reduction ratio (CSRR). The results of the nodule MDRR and VRR in the cystic-solid nodule group were significantly better than those in the solid nodule group at the 3rd and 6th month, and the CSRR in the two groups showed statistically significant difference at the 3rd month. In a word, RFA is an effective method for symptomatic benign solid or cystic-solid nodules. The achieved MDRR and VRR in the cystic-solid nodule group were significantly better than those in the solid nodule group at the 3rd and 6th month.
An editable shape-memory transparent wood for smart building materials
Authors: Wang Kaili , Liu Xiaorong , Dong Youming , Ling Zhe , Li Jianzhang
Published: December 2020

Transparent wood (TW) with excellent optical and thermal management performance has been developed recently as a promising energy-efficient building material. Here, an editable shape-memory TW (ESMTW) is developed through in situ polymerization of epoxy vitrimers into a delignified wood scaffold. The ESMTW possesses high strength at low temperature and flexibility at high temperature, while it exhibits excellent shape-manipulation capability under thermal-stimulus. Meanwhile, the ESMTW shows unique light guiding and directional scattering effects. The light illuminance difference observed in our house model with a common glass ceiling is 81 times, whereas it is only 16 times with a ceiling made of the ESMTW. Most importantly, the transmitted light intensity distribution is tunable owing to its shape-management capability. Additionally, the resultant TW possesses great thermal insulation properties, mechanical strength, and high impact absorption ability. The combination of characteristics enables TW to exhibit great promise as an advanced functional and intelligent building material.
Salmonella Typhimurium L Forms Induce Vascular Endothelial Cell Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Zhai Jinhai , Zhang Tao , Yang Cuiping , Chen Dengyu
Published: December 2020

Background Salmonella typhimurium is a pathogenic gram-negative bacterium, which is found primarily in the intestinal lumen. It often causes diarrhea in infants and young children and leads to food poisoning, as well as septicemia and septic shock. In this study, we investigated the phenomenon and mechanism of vascular endothelial cells apoptosis induced by Salmonella typhimurium L forms, in order to recognize and control Salmonella typhimurium L-form infection.Methods The apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells at 8 hours after infection with Salmonella typhimurium L forms was determined by flow cytometric assay and fluoroscopy of Annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Caspase-9 was detected by spectrophotometer. Results Salmonella typhimurium L forms can induce apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, with significant difference in the apoptosis rate compared with the control. Caspase-9 expression is higher than that of the control. Conclusion The ability to induce cell apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells by Salmonella typhimurium L forms may be related to mitochondria apoptosis pathway depending on Caspase-9.
 Dental Age Estimation - Comparison of Two Established 2D Staging Techniques to Their Appliance in 3D Cone Beam Computer-Tomography
Authors: Zirk Matthias , Zoeller Joachim , Lentzen Max-Philipp , Bergeest Laura , Buller Johannes , Zinser Max
Published: December 2020

For medicolegal purposes, orthodontic or orthognathic treatment various stomatological staging technique for age estimation with appliance of conventional radiographic images have been published. It remains uninvestigated if cone beam computer-tomography delivers comparable staging results to the conventional radiographic stages of third molar analysis.We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study of 312 patients aged 13 to 21 years. Dental age estimation staging technique, introduced by Nolla and Demirjian, were applied on the left lower third molar imaged by conventional panoramic radiographs and cone beam computer-tomography. It was investigated if 2D and 3D imaging presented different staging results for dental age estimation.In 21% the Demirjian’s staging differed by a single stage between 2D and 3D images. The greatest congruence (87%) between 2D and 3D images was revealed for stage 7 (G). In contrary, stage 5 (E) presented the lowest level of congruence with 47.4%. The categorization of Nolla revealed divergences in staging for than 2 categorical variables in Nolla’s stages 3,4,5 and 6. In general, the analysis of the data displayed the divergence for Nolla’s stages 4 to 8. The staging results for 2D and 3D imaging in accordance to the rules of Nolla and Demirjian showed significant differences. Individuals of 18 years may present immature third molars, thus merely an immature third molar cannot reject legal majority.Nolla’s and Demirjian’s 2D and 3D imaging present significantly different staging results.
ZNF213 Facilitates ER Alpha Signaling in Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Yang Huijie , Lv Xulei , Li Xin , Mao Lanzhi , Niu Zhiguo , Wang Ting , Zhuang Ting , Huang Qingsong
Published: December 2020

Background Breast cancer is the most common women malignancy worldwide, while estrogen receptor alpha positive type accounts for two third of all breast cancers. Although ER alpha positive breast cancer could be effectively controlled by endocrine therapy, more than half of the cases could develop endocrine resistance, making it an important clinical issue in breast cancer treatment. Thus, decoding the detailed mechanism, which controls ER alpha signaling activation and ER alpha protein stability, is of great importance for the improvement of breast cancer therapy. Methods CCK8 and Edu assay was used to measure cell proliferation. RNA sequence was performed by Ingenuity pathway analysis. The ER alpha signaling activities were measured with luciferase assay, QPCR and western blotting. Protein stability assay and ubiquitin assay were used to determine ER alpha protein degradation and ubiquitination. The immuno-precipitation was utilized to determine ER alpha and ZNF213 interaction. The ubiquitin-based immuno-precipitation assay was sued to detect specific ubiquitination manner on ER alpha. Results we identified ZNF213 as a novel zinc finger protein, which modulated ER alpha protein. ZNF213 expression correlated with poor outcome in endocrine treated patients. ZNF213 depletion inhibited ER alpha signaling and proliferation in breast cancer cells. Further mechanistic studies showed ZNF213 located in cytosol and nuclear, which modulated ER alpha stability via inhibiting ER alpha K48-linked ubiquitination. Conclusions Our study reveals an interesting post-translational mechanism between ER alpha and ZNF213 in breast cancer. Targeting ZNF213 could be an appealing strategy for ER alpha positive breast cancer.
Trends of delayed first antenatal care visit among pregnant women in Ethiopia based on the EDHS 2000-2016 data: Multivariate decomposition analysis
Authors: Gebeyehu Asaye , Muche Achenef , Merid Mehari
Published: December 2020

Background: Timing of first antenatal care visiting is crucial for women and fetus health. However, most of the women had delayed antenatal care visits and lacked early detection of existing complications. Hence, this study aimed to assess the trends and magnitude of delayed first antenatal care visits among pregnant women in Ethiopia.Method: This study used cross-sectional data analysis on Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys. A total weighted sample of 2146 in 2000, 2051 in 2005, 3368 in 2011, and 4740 in 2016 women who received at least one antenatal care visit in the past five years before each survey were included. Stata 14.1 software was used for data management and further analysis. Trends and multivariate logistic decomposition analyses were employed to examine the change in delayed first antenatal care visits with sampling weighting for the survey data. The 95% confidence interval was used for considering statistical significance.Results: The proportion of delayed first antenatal care visit was declined from 76.8 (95%CI: 75.1−78.6) in 2000 to 67.3 (95%CI: 65.9−68.6) in 2016. The decomposition analysis showed that 39% of the overall change in delayed first antenatal care visit over time was due to differences in characteristics whereas about 61% was due to the effect of characteristics. The significant contributing factors for the decline of delayed first antenatal care visit were the place of residence, husband’s education, women occupation, told about pregnancy complications, caesarean delivery, and family size. Conclusion: The proportion of delayed first antenatal care visits has been declined over time in Ethiopia, but still it remains high. More of the overall change in delayed first antenatal care visit was attributed to a change in health behavior among pregnant women. Public health interventions or programs such as health education and behavioral change communication targeting the rural residents, lower economic status, and family size would be suggested to decline delayed first antenatal care visit.
Functional Stability: An Experimental Knee Joint Cadaveric Study on Collateral Ligaments Tension
Authors: Innocenti Bernardo , Bori Edoardo , Paszicsnyek Thomas
Published: December 2020

Introduction Applying proper tension to ligaments during Total-Knee-Arthroplasty surgery is fundamental for optimal implant performance: low tensions lead to joint instability, over-tensioning to pain and stiffness. “Functional stability” must then be defined and achieved. An experimental cadaveric activity was performed to measure the minimum tension required to achieve this stability. Methods Ten knee specimens were investigated; femur and tibia were clamped to a loading-frame; constant displacement rate was applied and resulting tension force was measured. Joint stability was determined as the slope change in the force/displacement curve, representing the ligaments’ elastic-region activation; the tension required to reach functional stability is the span between ligaments toe-region and this point. Intact, ACL(Anterior-Cruciate-Ligament)-resected and ACL&PCL(Posterior-Cruciate-Ligament)-resected knees were tested. Different flexion angles were tested. Results Results demonstrated an overall tension of 40-50N to be enough to reach stability in intact knees. Similar values are sufficient in ACL-resected knees; higher tension is required (up to 60N) after ACL&PCL resection; slightly higher values were found for 60° flexion. Results agree with other experimental studies, showing that the tensions required to stabilize the joint are lower than the ones currently applied via surgical tensioners. Conclusion To reach functional stability, surgeons should consider such results intraoperatively to avoid ligament laxity or over-tensioning.
Plastic contamination of the Galapagos marine food web and the relative risks to native species
Authors: Jones Jen , Porter Adam , Muñoz-Pérez Juan , Alarcón-Ruales Daniela , Galloway Tamara , Godley Brendan , Santillo David , Vagg Jessica , Lewis Ceri
Published: December 2020

Ecuador’s Galapagos Islands and their unique biodiversity are a global conservation priority. We investigated the presence, partitioning and environmental drivers of plastic contamination across the marine ecosystem, designing a systematic risk scoring analysis to identify the most vulnerable species. Beach contamination varied by site (macroplastic 0 - 0.66 items.m-2, large microplastics 0 - 448.8 particles.m-2, small microplastics 0 – 74.6 particles.kg-1), with high plastic accumulation on east-facing beaches indicating input from the Humboldt Current. Local littering and waste management leakages accounted for 2% of macroplastic. Microplastics (including synthetic cellulosics) were prevalent in sediments (6.7 - 86.7 particles.kg-1) and surface seawater (0.04 - 0.89 particles.m-3), with elevated concentrations in the harbour suggesting local input. Microplastics were present in all seven marine invertebrate species examined, found in 52% of individuals (n = 123). Risk scoring identified 32 species in need of urgent, targeted monitoring and mitigation including pinnipeds, seabirds, turtles, sharks and corals.
Data integration of bulk and single-cell transcriptomics from cerebral organoids and post-mortem brains to identify cell types and cell type specific driver genes in autism
Authors: Lim Elaine , Chan Yingleong , Burns Mannix , Guo Xiaoge , Erdin Serkan , Tai Derek , Reichert Julia , Chan Ying Kai , Chiang Jessica , Meyer Katharina , Zhang Xiaochang , Walsh Christopher , Yankner Bruce , Raychaudhuri Soumya , Hirschhorn Joel , Gusella James , Talkowski Michael , Church George
Published: December 2020

Human-derived cerebral organoids demonstrate great promise for identifying cell types and cell type specific molecular processes perturbed by genetic variants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders, which are notoriously challenging to study using animal models. However, considerable challenges remain in achieving robust, scalable and generalizable phenotyping of organoids to discover cell types and cell type specific genes. We perform RNA sequencing on 71 samples comprising 1,420 cerebral organoids from 25 donors, and describe a framework (Orgo-Seq) to integrate bulk RNA and single-cell RNA sequence data from human post-mortem brains and cerebral organoids, for the identification of cell types and cell type specific individual genes. We apply Orgo-Seq for two autism-associated loci: 16p11.2 deletions and 15q11-13 duplications, and identify neuroepithelial cells as critical cell types for 16p11.2 deletions, and discover novel and previously reported cell type specific driver genes. Finally, we validated our results that mutations in the KCTD13 gene in the 16p11.2 locus lead to imbalances in the proportion of neuroepithelial cells, using CRISPR/Cas9-edited mosaic organoids. Our work presents a quantitative technological framework to integrate multiple transcriptomics datasets to identify cell types and cell type specific driver genes associated with complex diseases using cerebral organoids.
Availability and Affordability of Children Essential Medicines in Health Facilities of Southern Nations, Nationalities, And People Region, Ethiopia: Key Determinants for Access.
Authors: Tadesse Tefera , L Habtamu Abuye , Tilahun Gizachew
Published: December 2020

Background: Children in resource-limited countries are more likely to die from treatable conditions than those in higher resource settings due to a lack of the right essential medicine at the right time. Globally millions of children die every year from conditions that could be treatable with existing medicines before they reach their fifth birthday. This study aimed in assessing the availability and affordability of essential medicine for children in selected health facilities of southern nations, nationalities, and peoples’ regions (SNNPR), Ethiopia. Method: A medicine outlets-based cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the availability, affordability, and prices of the 30 selected EMs for children in 30 public and 30 private medicine outlets in SNNPR from March 29 to May 5, 2019, applying WHO and Health Action International (HAI) tools. Availability was expressed as the percentage of sampled medicine outlets per sector that the surveyed medicine was found on the day of data collection. The number of daily wages required for the lowest-paid government unskilled worker (LPGW) to buy one standard treatment of an acute condition or treatment for a chronic condition for a month was used to measure affordability and median price ratio for the price of EDs. Results: Availability was varied by sectors, type of medicines, and level of health facilities. The average availability of EMs was 57.67% in the public sector and 53.67% in private sectors. Ceftriaxone, ORS, zink sulfate, and cotrimoxazole were the most widely available medicine types in both sectors. The median price ratios (MPR) for lowest-priced (LP) medicines were 1.26 and 2.24 times higher than their international reference price (IRP) in the public and private sectors respectively. Eighty-two percent of LP medicines in the public and ninety-one percent of LP medicines in the private sectors used in the treatments of prevalent common conditions in the region were unaffordable as they cost a day’s or more wages for the LPGW.Conclusion: Availability, affordability, and price are determinant pre-requisite for EMs access. According to the current work, although fair availability was achieved, the observed high price affected affordability and hence access to EMs.
Development and Validation of a Nomogram Predicting The Overall Survival for Patients With Primary Gastric Mucosa‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue Lymphoma: A SEER-Based Study
Authors: Wang Dan , Shi Ruihua , Shi Xinlin , Xu Wei
Published: December 2020

Purpose: To create an effective survival nomogram for patients with primary gastric mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma (GML).Methods. All data of patients with primary GML from 2004 to 2015 were collected from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). Based on the LASSO and COX regression, we created and further verified the accuracy and effectiveness of the survival nomogram model by the concordance index (C-index), calibration curve and time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (td-ROC) curves.Results. A total of 2604 patients diagnosed with primary GML were selected for this study. A total of 1823 and 781 people were randomly distributed into the training and testing sets at a ratio of 7:3. The median follow-up of all patients was 71 months, and the 3- and 5-year OS rates were 87.2% and 79.8%, respectively. Age, sex, race, Ann Arbor stage and radiation were independent risk factors for OS of primary GML (all p<0.05). The C-index values of the nomogram were 0.751 (95% CI: 0.729-0.773) and 0.718 (95% CI: 0.680-0.757) in the training and testing cohorts, respectively, showing the good discrimination ability of the nomogram model. Td-ROC curves and calibration plots also indicated satisfactory predictive power and good agreement of the model. Overall, the nomogram shows favorable performance in discriminating and predicting the OS of patients with primary GML.Conclusions. A nomogram was developed and validated to have good survival predictive performance based on five clinical independent risk factors for OS for patients with primary GML. Nomograms are a low-cost and convenient clinical tool in assessing individualized prognosis and treatment for patients with primary GML.
WITHDRAWN: Machine Learning Algorithms and Whole Exome Sequencing Data from Breast Cancer Patients in the UK Biobank Predict Survival
Authors: Jang Bum-Sup , Kim In Ah
Published: December 2020

Background: Using by machine learning algorithms, we aimed to identify the mutated gene set from the whole exome sequencing (WES) data of blood in the cancer, which is associated with overall survival in breast cancer patients.Methods: WES data from 1,181 female breast cancer patients within the UK Biobank cohort was collected. The number of mutations for each gene was summed and defined as the blood-based mutation burden per patient. Using by Long short-term memory (LSTM) machine learning algorithm and a XGBoost—a gradient-boosted tree algorithm, we developed the model to predict patient overall survival. Results: From the UK biobank-breast cancer cohort, most altered genes in blood samples were related with the TP53 pathway. In the LSTM model, the minimum 50 genes were found to predict high vs. low mutation burden. In the XGBoost survival model, the gene-set could predict overall survival showing the concordance index of 0.75 and the scaled Brier-score of 0.146 from the held-out testing set (20%, N=236). In older patients (≥ 56 years), the high mutation group based on this gene-set showed inferior overall survival compared to the low mutation group (log-rank test, P=0.042)Conclusion: The machine learning algorithms revealed the gene-signature in the UK biobank breast cancer cohort. Mutational burden observed in blood was associated with overall survival in relatively old patients. This gene-signature should be verified in prospective setting.
Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogens in Food Handlers Serving in Mass Catering Centers
Authors: Yenew Chalachew , Tadele Fitalew
Published: December 2020

BackgroundThe prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, including foodborne antibiotic-resistant bacteria, is ever increasing. An increase in antimicrobial resistance results in treatment failure and outbreaks. Mass food serving institutions are at a high risk of outbreaks due to the probability of mass infection.ObjectiveThis study aims to determine the contamination of food handlers with antibiotic-resistant bacteria and its associated factors at Debre Tabor University cafeteria.MethodsA laboratory-based cross-sectional study was conducted by following standard microbiological methods to isolate and identify foodborne bacteria from the hands of food handlers. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used for perform the resistance profiles of the foodborne bacteria that were identified from the hands of the food in March 2020. Thirty samples each from hand and food utensil swabs were collected. Besides, work experience, drug use characteristics, and educational status of the food handler’s data were collected by using an observational checklist and interview questions. Descriptive statistics, correlation, and linear regressions were used to analyze the data.ResultsThe result shows the contamination of food handlers with varying pathogenic microbial organisms. The food handlers were mostly contaminated with multiple antibiotics-resistance (MAR) of Escherichia coli 43% (95% CI: 41.2%, 46.9%), Salmonella 36.7% (95% CI:33.2%, 38.7%), and Shigella 20% (95% CI: 19.2%, 26.9%). The study identifies poor personnel hygiene, lack of food safety training, and lack of sufficient food safety knowledge of the food handlers.Conclusions﻿The contamination of food handlers with antimicrobial-resistant microbes at the university cafeteria could indicate the likelihood of the occurrence of foodborne outbreaks. Hence, continuous awareness creation and strict supervision were preventing the contamination of the food and related consequences.