bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is the Western Himalayan region vulnerable in respect to downscaled precipitation?
Authors: Meher Jitendra Kumar , Das Lalu
Published: February 2022

Statistical downscaling is the technique of linking large-scale predictors and local scale predictand through a relationship that is assumed to be useful to generate local scale climate change information from GCMs driven large-scale future projection. An attempt has been made to construct downscaled seasonal and annual rainfall change scenarios over different station locations of the Western Himalaya Region (WHR) of India using common predictors from ten Global Climate Model (GCM) of CMIP5 (Coupled Model intercomparison Project phase 5) and reanalysis datasets from NCEP/NCAR datasets ( National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) ; and predictands from the IMD (India Meteorological Department) rain gauge stations. Combined EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) approach has been used to develop stations specific statistical downscaling models over the WHR and later on some statistical skill scores based on error and agreement analysis were used to validate the model performance. Downscaled precipitation scenario using multi model ensemble of GCM under RCP4.5 (Representative concentration pathways 4.5) revealed a wetter climate during the 2020s, 2050s and 2080s in the annual and monsoon time scale, whereas a drier climate is expected in the winter season. Results reveal a possible intensification of south-west monsoon and decrease in the frequency of western disturbances in the 21 st century as the percentage changes of rainfall in monsoon were higher compared to annual and winter timescale. The uncertainty in the monthly precipitation is predicted to increase as the time progresses during 2020s to 2080s. Higher uncertainty in precipitation is expected in the late pre-monsoon months and early post-monsoon month over the study region.
Machine Learning Prediction of Length of Stay in Hand Injury Patients Undergoing Emergency Surgery
Authors: Weng Yuxiong , Yan Lizhao , Wang Kan , Ai Fangxing , Kang Yu , Gao Nan
Published: February 2022

Background: The In-hospital length of stay (LOS) is expected to increase as the complexity of hand injuries increases. This will impact healthcare systems, especially given the current situation of reduced bed capacity and rising costs. Therefore, accurate prediction of LOS would positively impact healthcare interventions. This research aims to develop a machine learning-based model to predict the length of hospital stay in patients with hand injuries.Methods: Patients who underwent emergency surgery with hand injuries were selected from the hand surgery department of Wuhan Union Hospital. Prolonged LOS was defined as a LOS of more than or equal to 9 days. Data were analyzed using Logistic Regression (LR), Naive Bayes (NB), Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGboost) in R software with glm, caret, and random forest packages. Prediction accuracy and area under the curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: A prospective cohort with 3858 patients with hand injuries were identified from 2016 to 2020. The area under the curve (AUC) , accuracy in the test set were LR(0.805,0.760), NB(0.786,0.715), RF(0.883,0.809), SVM(0.821,0.752), and XGboost(0.851,0.763), respectively. Multivariable regression indicated that longer operation time, lower hemoglobin (HGB), vascular injury, bone injury, general anesthesia, payment (commercial insurance, self-paying), and tourniquet use were linked to longer LOS. The random forest model performed best among these models and was developed into an encrypted web-based interface: https://union.shinyapps.io/PredictLOS/.Conclusions: We showed that machine learning methods accurately predict LOS for hand injury patients. The model we developed can be used in clinical bed management and resources allocation.
Tumor-Activated Neutrophils Promote Metastasis in Breast Cancer via the G-CSF-RLN2-MMP-9 Axis
Authors: Sheng Youjing , Peng Weidong , Huang Yan , Cheng Lanqing , Meng Ye , Kwantwi Louis Boafo , Yang Jiezhen , Xu Jiegou , Xiao Han , Kzhyshkowska Julia , Wu Qiang
Published: February 2022

Immune component of tumor microenvironment is essential for the regulation of cancer progression. Tumor mass is frequently infiltrated by neutrophils (tumor-associated neutrophils, TANs) in breast cancer (BC) patients. However, the role of TANs and the mechanisms of their action in BC are still unclear. Using quantitative IHC, ROC and Cox analysis, we demonstrate here that high density of TANs infiltrating tumor parenchyma is predictive for poor prognosis and for the decreased progression-free survival of patients with BC that underwent surgical tumor removal without previous neoadjuvant chemotherapy in all 3 cohorts (training cohort, n=170; validation cohorts, n=130, independent cohorts, n=95). Conditioned medium of human breast cancer cell lines prolonged life span of healthy donor neutrophils ex vivo. Neutrophils, activated by supernatants of breast cancer lines, demonstrated the increased ability to stimulate proliferation, migration and invasive activity of breast cancer cells. Cytokines involved in this process have been identified by antibody array. Relationships between these cytokines and density of TANs were validated by ELISA and IHC in fresh breast cancer surgical samples. Identified by antibody arrays, tumor-derived G-CSF significantly prolonged the lifespan and increased the metastasis-promoting activities of neutrophils via PI3K-AKT and NFκB pathway. Simultaneously, TAN-derived RLN2 promoted the migratory abilities of MCF-7 cells via PI3K-AKT-MMP-9. Analysis of tumor tissues from 20 BC patients and RNA-seq from TCGA BC patients identified a positive correlation of density of TANs with the activation of G-CSF-RLN2-MMP-9 axis. Our data indicate that TANs in human breast cancer have detrimental activity supporting malignant cells invasion and migration.
Serial Platelet Level Index Improves Prediction of Pulmonary Hemorrhage in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Respiratory Infections
Authors: Wu Huai-Chueh Gem , Wu Huai-Shing , Cheng Chao-Neng , Chen Jiann-Shiuh , Chen Tsai-Yun , Li Chung-I , Shen Ching-Fen
Published: February 2022

Background: Thrombocytopenic patients who acquire Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (SM) respiratory infection often develop pulmonary hemorrhage (PH), resulting in a high respiratory failure rate and increased mortality. This study aimed to evaluate risk factors for PH and develop an index measuring serial platelet deficit to predict PH in patients with SM respiratory infection.Methods: Data of patients with both SM isolated from sputum/endotracheal suction culture and thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 150x103 /μL) who were treated at National Cheng Kung University Hospital during 2018-2020 were extracted from electronic medical records and analyzed retrospectively. SM respiratory infection was defined as positive bacterial isolates plus respiratory infection symptoms. Clinical parameters and laboratory findings were compared between PH and non-PH groups. The platelet dissimilarity index (d-index) was calculated by accumulating differences between the actual and the lowest normal level of platelet count in each patient at different time points.Results: Among 437 SM respiratory infection cases, 125 (28.6%) patients developed PH. Patients with PH had increased prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR), lower platelet count, and higher platelet d-index. Multivariate analysis revealed that extreme thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 50x103 /μL) is a common independent risk factor for PH and mortality. The performance of platelet deficit and d-index varied between patients with different comorbidities. Performance of single time-point platelet deficit to predict PH is more reliable in patients with hematology/oncology and liver disease (area under curve 0.705-0.757), while performance of d-index is more reliable in patients with sepsis/treatment and various other groups (0.711-0.816).Conclusions: Prolonged and extreme thrombocytopenia is a determinant risk factor for PH in patients with SM respiratory infection. Given the complexity of causes of thrombocytopenia and associated comorbidities, different strategies should be applied to assess the degree of thrombocytopenia when evaluating the risk for PH.
Novel Lipid Metabolism-Related Gene Signature in Lung Adenocarcinoma Patients Experiencing Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Lao Shen , Chen Zisheng , Xiong Yaming , He Miao , Zheng Yongmei , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Jingna , He Jianxing , Liang Wenhua
Published: February 2022

Accumulating evidence revealed that lipid metabolic reprogramming facilitates lymph node metastasis and cancer progression. This study aimed to perform comprehensive bioinformatic analyses of the lipid metabolism-related impact in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients experiencing lymph node metastasis (LNM). Clinicopathological information and RNA-sequence data on LUAD patients were collected from the TCGA and GEO databases. Subsequently, 189 differentially expressed lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) were screened for LUAD patients with and without LNM. Based on the risk scoring system related to prognosis, we further correlated the LMRGs with diverse clinicopathological outcomes, genomic alterations, and immune features, as well as immunotherapeutic responses and drug susceptibility. A three-gene lipid metabolic signature (GPD1L, SPHK1, and ST3GAL4) associated with tumor progression in LUAD with LNM was identified. Analyses revealed that the high-risk group had worse overall survival; an increased proportion of M0 macrophages and degranulating mast cell infiltration; increased non-responders to immunotherapy; and resistance to several common TKI drugs. Interestingly, we also found that high-risk patients had higher tumor mutation burdens and PDL-1 expression, suggesting that this subset of patients may benefit from immunotherapy plus LMRG-targeted therapy. Additionally, the results showed that the differential expressed genes (DEGs) of the high-risk group were enriched in the REACTIVE OXYGEN SPECIES pathway. Overall, we identify a lipid metabolic signature that has prognostic value and provides new insights into molecular mechanisms and precision therapies of lipid metabolism-related LUAD regional metastasis.
Associations between maternal serum concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) and pulse pressure in early pregnancy
Authors: Liu Xiaofang , Cao Wencheng , Liu Xiao , Zhou Yan , Wen Sheng
Published: February 2022

Purpose
Pulse pressure (PP) is the difference between systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and an independent predictor of cardiovascular risk. Previous research suggests that exposure to polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) could affect blood pressure (BP). We conducted a cross-sectional study to determine the association of dioxin exposure with PP in early pregnancy. A total of 305 pregnant women in early pregnancy in Yingcheng, China, recruited from May 2018 to December 2019 were included in this study.
Methods
We measured 17 types of PCDD/Fs in maternal serum via high-resolution gas chromatography tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry. A generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of dioxin exposure and their relationships with PP.
Results
The levels of total PCDD/Fs (∑PCDD/Fs) ranged from 163.52 pg/g lipid to 1,513,949.52 pg/g lipid, with a mean of 10,474.22 pg/g lipid. The mean toxicity equivalent (TEQ) of total PCDD/Fs (∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs) was 42.03 pg/g lipid. The ratio of tetrachlorinated to octa-chlorinated congeners in maternal serum was enriched with an increasing number of chlorines. Pregnant women with college and above education had higher concentrations of ∑PCDD/Fs than those with education levels of junior high school and below (β = 0.34, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.67). The adjusted model for ∑TEQ-PCDD/Fs was significantly and negatively associated with PP (β=-1.79, 95% CI: -2.91, -0.68).
Conclusion
High levels of dioxins were found in this area, and exposure to dioxins may affect the PP of women in early pregnancy, with health risks.
Pairwise Q*s-(regular and normal) spaces in bitopological spaces
Authors: Padma P.
Published: February 2022

The notion of τ1τ2 − Q ∗ - open sets in a bitopological spaces was introduced by K.Kannan and K.Chandrasekhararao. We introduce the notion of pairwise Q ∗ s - regular, pairwise Q ∗ s - normal, pairwise s ∗Q ∗ - normal and obtain some characterizations of pairwise Q ∗ s - regularity and pairwise Q ∗ s - normality, pairwise s ∗Q ∗ - normal.
Pendulum and gravimeter tests misled by remote man-made EM waves in solar eclipse days over years (false Allais effect)
Authors: Iovane Antonio
Published: February 2022

We report misleading effects of human-origin signals on very distant gravity experiments in solar eclipse days. Despite Newton's well-established gravity, some research has been underway for some years on alleged gravitational anomalies in the days of solar eclipses, as per still considered reports in mainstream peer-reviewed journals. In solar eclipse days some instruments, notably pendulums and gravimeters, had provided anomalies that were interpreted as unknown features of gravity. French physicist Maurice Allais is credited with first reporting pendulum anomalies during a solar eclipse in 1954. NASA researchers also wanted to investigate the matter, also because they were looking for an explanation for the so-called Pioneer anomaly (explained later), and promoted a worldwide test for the solar eclipse of August 11, 1999. We were recruited for that experiment in July 1999 following our proposal for an innovative experiment. We have since conducted two experiments with stationary pendulums and recorded surprisingly structured anomalies which after years of study proved unnatural. We report these tests with extensive control data, and a limited number of similar anomalies observed by others, some already published but still not as unnatural. In summary we analyze: our stationary pendulum test on Aug 11 1999 in South Italy (unpublished); our stationary pendulum test on May 31 2003 in South Italy (unpublished); a gravimeter test by University of Trieste (Italy) on Aug 11 1999 (unpublished); a report from Reading (UK) for the Aug 11 1999 eclipse (published); a report from Manavgat (Turkey) for the March 29 2006 eclipse (published); a report from Kiev (Ukraine) for the Sept 11 2007 eclipse (published). In the above experiments we found abnormal instrumental behaviors (sudden sharp micro-deviations) that obey a precise structure of equally spaced time markers. The timing scheme was always the same in all of the above experiments. Subsequent research revealed that the scheme matched the one used by a very distant source of high-power, man-made, controlled radio signals. We conclude that the measuring instruments tracked by chance a campaign of RF-based eclipse experiments over the years, not gravitational phenomena. We report in more detail our two pendulum experiments and the gravimetric test of University of Trieste, spending fewer words on the other tests already described in their respective articles.
Brain Tumor Segmentation using UNET and SEGNET: a Comparative Study
Authors: Kasar Pankaj Eknath , Jadhav Shivajirao M. , Kansal Vineet
Published: February 2022

The tumor detection is major challenging task in brain tumor quantitative evaluation. In recent years, owing to non-invasive and strong soft tissue comparison, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) has gained great interest. MRI is a commonly used image modality technique to locate brain tumors. An immense amount of data is produced by the MRI. Heterogeneity, isointense and hypointense tumor properties restrict manual segmentation in a fair period of time, thus restricting the use of reliable quantitative measures in clinical practice. In the clinical practice manual segmentation task is quite time consuming and their performance is highly depended on the operator’s experience. Accurate and automated tumor segmentation techniques are also needed; however, the severe spatial and structural heterogeneity of brain tumors makes automatic segmentation a difficult job. This paper proposes fully automatic segmentation of brain tumors using encoder-decoder based convolutional neural networks. The paper focuses on well-known semantic segmentation deep neural networks i.e., UNET and SEGNET for segmenting tumors from Brain MRI images. The networks are trained and tested using freely accessible standard dataset, with Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) as metric for whole predicted image i.e., including tumor and background. UNET’s average DSC on test dataset is 0.76 whereas for SEGNET we got average DSC 0.67. The evaluation of results proves that UNET is having better performance than SEGNET.
Gravitational cells and gravitational strings. Obtaining new physical formulas and calculating the gravitational constant, the mass of the hydrogen atom, the mass of the electron, the graviton energy, the length and frequency of gravitational waves, the distance of action of gravitational forces, etc.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: February 2022

In this work, such concepts as gravitational cells and gravitational strings were successfully built into the theory of the gravitational field. This innovation made it possible to move from general ideas about gravitational interaction to a deeper and more detailed understanding of this physical process and to obtain significant scientific results. These results include: obtaining the formula for the gravitational constant, the mass of an electron and the mass of a hydrogen atom through fundamental physical constants; determining the energy of a graviton, obtaining the length and frequency of gravitational waves; obtaining the distance of action of gravitational forces; obtaining a relativistic formula for the speed of a body in a gravitational field, and etc. In this work, Planck's constant was successfully applied to the theory of gravitational cells and strings. As a result, the formula for the minimum distance of gravitational interaction, the formula for the mass of an electron, and the formula for the mass of a hydrogen atom were obtained. Through the synthesis of the theory of gravitational cells and the relativistic formula of Einstein's total energy, the relativistic formula for the velocity of a body in a gravitational field was obtained. The results obtained by the new formulas completely coincided with the known scientific and experimental data. A distinctive feature of this study is the fact that only fundamental physical constants are present in the new formulas.
Success Rates of Endocrown and Crown Restorations for Endodontically Treated Posterior Teeth: A 46-month Retrospective Study
Authors: Chen Fangyuan , Duan Huiling , Fang Xiaolin , Hu Qingyun , Chen Zhi , Zhang Rui , Zhang Lu
Published: February 2022

BackgroundThe objective of the present study was to compare the success rates of endocrown and crown restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth over a 46-month period. MethodsThe 174 restorations（85 endocrowns; 89 crowns）in a total of 168 patients were manufactured between 2016 and 2017 using chairside CAD/CAM method. Root canal treatment and tooth preparation of each tooth was done by one and the same endodontist. Data were descriptively analyzed and success rates were calculated using Kaplan-Meier statistics. ResultsThe average time to recall was 45.5±3.9 months. 21.2% patients had the habit of drinking and 40.2% patients had parafunctional habits. The success rates of endocrowns and crowns were 87.1% and 86.5% respectively(p=0.89). For premolars, only 73.7% of endocrowns were acceptable compared to 89.5% of crowns(p=0.123) and nearly all failures happened in the first year. But the situation is totally reversed for molars(p=0.276). And all the differences were not significant. The main failure reason was restoration debonding. ConclusionsThe success rate of endocrown restorations was comparable to that of crowns restorations for endodontically treated posterior teeth in the 46-month study.Trial registrationThe retrospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Stomatological Hospital of Wuhan University ([2020] Lun Shen Zi (B61)).
The Use Of Intrathecal Morphine For Acute Postoparative Pain In Lower Limb Arthroplasty Surgery: A Survey Of Practice At An Academic Hospital.
Authors: Sibanyoni Mpumelelo , Biyase Ntombiyethu , Chakane Palesa Motshabi
Published: February 2022

Background and purpose of the study: Intrathecal morphine (ITM) provides optimal postoperative analgesia in patients who are scheduled for total knee and hip operation with spinal anaesthesia. However, the ideal dose at which maximal analgesic effect occurs with minimal side effects is not known. This study aimed to describe the use of two doses of ITM, and side effect profile in patients undergoing elective hip and knee arthroplasty.Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive, and contextual study conducted on patients who had total hip and knee replacement at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital from 1 September to 30 November 2020. The sample size consisted of 66 patients who were 18 years and older, American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) classification 1-3, patients who had received either 100 mcg or 150 mcg ITM dose under spinal anaesthesia and sent to the ward postoperatively. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score was used to assess pain in the first 24 hours, consumption of rescue analgesia and reported side effects were documented.Results: There was no relationship between age, weight, ASA classification or type of surgery and VAS score classification groups. Patients who received 100 mcg ITM had a higher median VAS pain score 2 (1-5) compared to those who received 150 mcg ITM 1 (0-2), p = 0.01. The need for rescue analgesia between the two groups was marginally less in the 150mcg ITM group (p =0.098). There was no difference in the rate of side effects between the 100 mcg ITM group [12 (41%)] and the 150 mcg ITM group [17 (59%)], p = 0.92. Rescue analgesia was marginally different between groups, p = 0.09. There were no real differences in the VAS pain scores between the total knee and total hip surgeries. None of the patients experienced clinically significant respiratory depression. Conclusion: The 150mcg ITM dose provided good analgesic effects with longer duration of action and comparable side effect profile to the 100mcg ITM dose. This dose was not associated with development of respiratory depression can therefore be administered safely to patients who are discharged to the ward postoperatively in a resource constraint environment.
Management of Paper-Thin Skin Tears Using a Silver-Based Hydrofiber Dressing
Authors: Hsu Honda , Yen Ya-Hui , Tseng Ya-Ting , Chou Shu-Ping , Chen Chiou-Ping , Ke Hsin-Hua , Lee Yi-Kung , Su Yung Cheng
Published: February 2022

BackgroundSkin tear is a common problem encountered in the Emergency Department. If it is not properly managed, it can lead to wound infection, skin necrosis and a need for further surgical intervention and skin grafting. Current management is to cleanse the wound, replace the thin skin flap followed by coverage with a dressing that is inducive for wound healing. Several dressings have been suggested for the coverage of these wounds. But, up to now, there has been no mention of the use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing in the management of this condition. The objective of this study was to explore the use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing for the management of paper-thin skin tears. MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed all patients with class I or II skin tears that had undergone management using a silver based hydrofiber dressing between October 2019 till October 2020. Demographic data and medical history was obtained by retrospective chart review. Data that was collected included: age, sex, comorbid illnesses, defect location, defect size, complications, number of times the silver-based hydrofiber dressing was replaced and the number of days required to achieve complete wound healing. ResultsA total of 65 patients were included in the study. There were 39 males and 26 females. There were 28 patients whose age was greater then 85 years old, of which 14 patients were over 90 years old. The mean number of outpatient visits were 2. The mean defect size was 33cm2 (range 1cm x 1cm to 18x10cm). The mean number of days required for total wound healing was 13 days (range 7-21). We did not encounter any patients that required further surgical debridement or split-thickness skin grafting. ConclusionThe use of a silver-based hydrofiber dressing was well tolerated by the elderly population as it provided an easy, efficient, economical and effective form of management of skin tears. We suggest that a silver-based hydrofiber dressing can be used as a first-line treatment method for class I and II skin tears.
Development and Validation of an Occlusal Cant Index
Authors: Alhuwaish Hessah , Almoammar Khalid
Published: February 2022

Background
Occlusal cant (OC) is a malocclusion trait currently lacking indexing or classification that describes the extent and severity of tilt in the occlusal plane. The aims of this study were to develop an occlusal cant index [1] based on the degree of OC detection among orthodontists and laypeople and to validate the newly developed OCI by a panel of experts using content validity.
Methods
The ability to perceive OC was assessed in 134 participants (orthodontists = 67 and laypeople = 67). A frontal photograph of a model with an ideal smile with 0° of OC was obtained and manipulated to create various degrees of OC from 1–5° at the right and left sides. A set of 11 electronic photographs was displayed to the participants. The participants were asked to report whether they detected an OC in each photograph. The collected data was used as a baseline to develop an OCI. Then, a content validation of the OCI was performed using a questionnaire provided to a panel of experts comprising ten orthodontists.
Results
The OCI was designed based on the threshold of OC detection. In both orthodontists and laypeople, the accuracy of OC detection increased as the amount of tilt increased. The threshold point of OC detection in orthodontists was at 2°, while in laypeople it was at 4°. There was a significant difference between orthodontists and laypeople in their ability to detect OC at 2–3° of tilt. The content validity index (CVI) showed excellent validity between the item-level CVI and the scale-level CVI of the OCI.
Conclusion
The OCI was developed and implemented for diagnostic, communication, and research purposes. The index showed strong evidence supporting content validity.
Relationship between central corneal thickness and ganglion cell complex thickness in mild to moderate myopia
Authors: Kocamış özkan , Temel Emine , Özcan Gökçen , Örnek Kemal
Published: February 2022

Background: Myopia is not only refractive error, but also an eyesight-threatening disease. To search for a relationship between the central corneal thickness (CCT) and ganglion cell complex (GCC) thickness in patient with myopia.Methods: The prospective cross-sectional study comprised 122 eyes of 122 subjects with mild to moderate myopia. The participants were divided into two groups according to the CCT; thicker than 555 micrometer (Group 1) or thinner than 555 micrometer (Group 2). CCT was measured using the optical biometer machine. All subjects received a slit-lamp examination and optical coherence tomography. The retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and GCC thickness were automatically quantified.Results: The retinal GCC and GC-IPL thickness were decreased in Group 1 compared with Group 2 (p=0.002 and p=0.007, respectively). The RNFL thickness was statistically significantly decreased only in the superior-temporal quadrant (p=0.041). There was a significantly positive correlation between CCT and GCC and GC-IPL thickness (r=0.222, p=0.014, and r=0.203, p=0.025, respectively). There was no correlation among CCT and RNFL thickness (p˃0.05).Conclusion: There was a relationship between the CCT and GCC thickness in eyes with mild to moderate myopia.
Der Übergangsprozess westdeutscher Jugendlicher verschiedener Bildungsniveaus in die Ausbildung zwischen 1971 und 2012 vor dem Hintergrund der Zunahme hochqualifizierter Arbeitskräfte
Authors:   , Bender Bernd
Published: February 2022

Der Übergang von der Schule in die Ausbildung oder in das Studium ist ein entscheidender und wegweisender Schritt in der Bildungsbiografie von jungen Menschen. Der dabei vollzogene Übergangsprozess hat sich im Laufe der vergangenen Jahrzehnte deutlich verändert und zunehmend individualisiert. In diesem Zeitraum haben sich auch die Anforderungen und Verhältnisse auf dem Ausbildungs- und Arbeitsmarkt vor allem durch die Expansion des Dienstleistungsbereichs verändert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Entwicklung des Übergangsprozesses in Form der Dauer und der absolvierten Stationen vom Verlassen der Schule bis zum Beginn der beruflichen oder akademischen Erstausbildung vor dem Hintergrund der Zunahme an Arbeitskräften im Dienstleistungssektor bei westdeutschen Jugendlichen im Zeitraum zwischen 1971 und 2012 zu untersuchen. Dies wurde auch getrennt nach Schulabschlussgruppen überprüft. Im Rahmen der Ergebnisse zeigte sich, dass ein gestiegener Anteil an dienstleistungstätigen Arbeitskräften auf dem Arbeitsmarkt in der Zeit zwischen 1971 und 2012 keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Dauer und die absolvierten Stationen des Übergangs hatte. Dies galt unabhängig vom erreichten Schulabschluss. Die vorliegenden Erkenntnisse dienen als Anstoß dafür, den Übergangsprozess von der Schule in die Ausbildung genauer zu betrachten und hierbei gegebenenfalls weitere potenzielle Einflussfaktoren einzubeziehen.
Die Wirkung der transarteriellen Chemoembolisation und der Mikrowellenablation auf die Kurzzeitdynamik von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen bei hepatozellulären Karzinompatienten
Authors:   , Riegelbauer Linda Jasmin
Published: February 2022

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war die Untersuchung der Kurzzeitdynamik zirkulierender Tumorzellen bei hepatozellulären Karzinompatienten, die erstmalig eine radiologische Intervention in Form einer transarteriellen Chemoembolisation oder einer Mikrowellenablation als Therapie erhielten. Dafür wurde in Vorversuchen eine neuartige Methode zur Isolation und Detektion von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen entwickelt. Zugleich sollte ein potenzieller Einsatz dieser Methode als Screeningverfahren für hepatozelluläre Karzinompatienten mithilfe der Sensitivität und Spezifität überprüft werden. Darüber hinaus wurde eine mögliche Korrelation der Kurzzeitdynamik zirkulierender Tumorzellen sowohl mit der Kurzzeitdynamik des AFP-Wertes als anerkannten HCC-Tumormarker, als auch des IL-6-Wertes als aktuell diskutierten Tumormarker analysiert. Ferner wurde die Kurzzeitdynamik zirkulierender Tumorzellen mit dem klinischen Verlauf der Patienten verglichen. Im Zeitraum von September 2017 bis Juni 2018 konnten Blutproben von 18 Patienten mit einem hepatozellulären Karzinom untersucht werden. Davon wurden zehn Patienten mittels Mikrowellenablation und acht Patienten mittels transarterieller Chemoembolisation behandelt. Daneben wurden Blutproben von 13 gesunden Probanden ausgewertet. Methodisch wurden jeweils im Anschluss an die Gewinnung des Patientenblutes, vor und unmittelbar nach jeweiliger radiologischer Intervention, die zirkulierenden Tumorzellen aus dem Blut isoliert und die gewonnenen Zellen durch die Durchflusszytometrie nachgewiesen und quantifiziert. Als zirkulierende Tumorzellen wurden dabei jene Zellen betrachtet, die eine Negativität auf den Marker CD45 sowie eine Positivität auf die Marker ASGPR-1, CD146, CD274 und CD90 zeigten. Durch den Vergleich der Proben vor und nach radiologischer Intervention konnte gezeigt werden, dass die Anzahlen zirkulierender Tumorzellen nach der radiologischen Intervention im Mittel niedriger sind als vor der Therapie. Die Anzahl zirkulierender Tumorzellen sank dabei im Schnitt bei den mit Mikrowellenablation behandelten Patienten stärker im Vergleich zu denen, die eine transarterielle Chemoembolisation erhielten. Dies bestätigte den klinischen Verlauf der Patientengruppen, da die Mortalität der Gruppe, die eine transarterielle Chemoembolisation erhielten deutlich höher war als bei den übrigen Patienten. Als klinisch einsetzbare Screening-Methode im Sinne einer „Liquid Biopsy“ für das HCC müssen die Sensitivität und Spezifität weitergehend optimiert werden. Eine signifikante Korrelation zwischen der Kurzzeitdynamik der Anzahlen zirkulierender Tumorzellen und der Kurzzeitdynamik der AFP-Werte und der IL-6-Werte konnte nicht festgestellt werden. Entgegen des erwarteten Trends, legte die angewendete Methode, durch das Absinken der zirkulierenden Tumorzellen, die positive Wirkung der transarteriellen Chemoembolisation und der Mikrowellenablation in hepatozellulären Karzinompatienten dar.
Optimizing the Internet Despite Threat to IP: How Fashion Designers in Nigeria are Leveraging Digital Media Platforms for Market Entry and Growth
Authors: Samuel Kelechi Chijioke
Published: February 2022

It has been argued that the file-sharing dimension of the internet undermines the intellectual property rights of creative producers. By simply clicking a button, creative works such as music, films, books and fashion designs can be accessed, used and distributed free-of-charge via digital media platforms. This has led to what some writers termed copyfights between those that support the unrestricted sharing of creative works over the internet, and those who support the protection of the copyright of creative producers on the internet. This problem continues to dog creative producers in the knowledge economy. This article examines how this problem has affected fashion designers as creative producers, and how they have managed it.  It argues that fashion designers have effectively leveraged and optimized the file-sharing dimension of the internet, and concludes that the internet is a strategic imperative for fashion designers and perhaps for every creative worker in the digital era.
ESTRATÉGIA DE INTERVENÇÃO PARA ADEQUAÇÃO DE SÓDIO E LIPÍDIO EM PREPARAÇÕES ALIMENTARES ESCOLARES
Authors: Pereira Silvia , Bottino Letícia , Silva Alexandra Anastacio Monteiro , Ferreira Daniele Mendonça , Soares Daniele Silva Bastos , Camacho Patrícia Dias , Henriques Patrícia , Barbosa Roseane Moreira Sampaio
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Realizar uma intervenção nutricional por meio da construção e implementação da Ficha Técnica de Preparo com foco na adequação da oferta de sódio e lipídios nas preparações alimentícias. Etapa 1. Diagnóstico: Análise da quantidade de lipídio utilizando a técnica de extração por meio do aparelho de Soxhlet e sódio por pesagem da quantidade de sal de adição utilizado e cálculo da quantidade de sódio utilizando a Tabela Brasileira de Composição de Alimentos e, aplicação do roteiro para observação do modo de preparo. Etapa 2. Intervenção: Desenvolvimento e implementação das Fichas Técnicas de Preparação utilizando o modelo recomendado pelo Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. Etapa 3. Avaliação da aceitabilidade pelos escolares segundo o manual do Programa, análise do uso das Fichas Técnicas de Preparo pelo roteiro de observação e análise da quantidade pelo método já citado acima. Observou-se um valor de lipídio adequado e de sódio 67,5% acima do recomendado pelo programa para duas refeições (até 600 mg). Após a implementação das fichas técnicas de preparo a quantidade de sódio foi reduzida a 26,4% da recomendação e a de lipídio manteve-se adequada. A intervenção foi eficaz para promover uma padronização da produção de arroz e feijão por meio da Ficha Técnica de Preparo com adequada quantidade de óleo e sal de adição promovendo maior qualidade nutricional.
FATORES ASSOCIADOS À AUTOPERCEPÇÃO NEGATIVA DE SAÚDE EM IDOSOS ASSISTIDOS PELA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA
Authors: Pampolim Gracielle , Miranda Ferres Alessandra , Gadiolli Verzola Isabelle , Pereira Lima Oliveira Glenda
Published: February 2022

O objetivo o presente estudo foi verificar a prevalência e os fatores associados à autopercepção negativa de saúde em idosos assistidos pela atenção básica. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal, do tipo analítico, com 241 idosos de uma comunidade em Vitória, Espírito Santo. A autopercepção de saúde foi a variável desfecho, e as características sociodemográficas, hábitos de vida e características de saúde foram as variáveis de exposição. Os dados foram analisados a partir do teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e foi calculado a Razão de Prevalência para as variáveis associadas significativamente com o desfecho (p < 0,05). A prevalência da autopercepção negativa de saúde encontrada foi de 46,5%, e os fatores associados a este desfecho foram: raça branca, polifarmácia, incapacidade para atividades cotidianas, sintomas depressivos, risco de quedas e percepção negativa da qualidade de vida. Os achados deste estudo podem auxiliar no gerenciamento do cuidado prestado aos idosos, visando a manutenção e recuperação da independência, autonomia e saúde da pessoa idosa, e assim contribuir para uma melhor qualidade de vida desta população.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY DURING THE TREATMENT OF WOMEN WITH BREAST CANCER
Authors: Legnani Rosimeide Francisco dos Santos , Giaxa Ana Cláudia Merchan , Da Silva Filipe Ferreira , Guiraldelli Luciano Rogério , Ulbrich Anderson Zampier , Legnani Elto
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT

Breast cancer incidence increases with age, and its treatment usually has side effects such as joint pain, depression and fatigue. Insufficient physical activity can decrease muscle strength, increase fatigue and reduce quality of life. Given the above, the purpose of this systematic review was to identify the main intervention strategies based on physical activities for women during breast cancer treatment. This study considered four databases: PubMed, SportDiscus, Lilacs, and Scielo, taking into consideration studies of the last five years. The descriptors for physical activity variable were “exercise", “physical activity”, and “motor activity”. For breast cancer variable, the descriptors were “breast neoplasm”, and for participants: “women” and “adults”. Seven studies related to the benefits of physical activity were found, one of those was carried out in Brazil. The variables studied were fatigue, anthropometry, physical activity level (PAL), pain threshold, sleep quality, life quality (LQ), physical fitness (PF), and cortisol level. The types of intervention strategies were in most part through aerobic exercises, resistance/strength training, hydrotherapy, relaxation, yoga and belly dancing. Although there is no consensus on which physical activity, intensity, and frequency are best for the patients, in general, all patients increased their level of physical activity and quality of life, reduced fatigue, and were not impeded by the treatment or found necessary to interrupt it while performing such physical activities.
URINARY INCONTINENCE AND BODY IMAGE IN HIGH-RISK AND USUAL RISK PREGNANT WOMEN
Authors: Secchi da Campo Giovana , Cavalli Nandiny Paula , Medeiros Braz Melissa
Published: February 2022

Pregnancy can be defined as a period of approximately 40 weeks, in which physiological and mechanic adaptations occur, along with strong psychological modifications. Being a moment of vulnerability, it can be negatively influenced by factors such as urinary incontinence (UI), high-risk pregnancy or even a negative body image. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare body image and the occurrence of urinary incontinence in high-risk and usual risk pregnant women. An observational study with a quantitative and cross-sectional approach was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of urinary incontinence and body image of pregnant women. The sample was divided into two groups: high-risk (n=34) and usual risk (n=31) pregnant women. For the data collection, an identification file was applied, collecting data such as obstetric history, followed by the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire - Short Form (ICIQ-SF), and the Body Image Measurement Scale (BIMS). It was observed that both groups were dissatisfied with body image, and urinary incontinence occurrence was moderately above to what is found in literature. No relationship between urinary incontinence and body satisfaction was observed in either group. There was no relationship between urinary incontinence and body image.  The pregnant women from both groups presented dissatisfaction regarding body image, and the occurrence of urinary incontinence was slightly higher than that observed in literature (50% of occurrence according to national estimates, especially during pregnancy and puerperium).
DISCURSOS SOBRE A PREVENÇÃO DA HANSENÍASE: O QUE DIZEM CARTILHAS, CARTAZES, GUIAS E PANFLETOS?
Authors: Mendes Silva Premma Hary , Silva Jackson Ronie Sá
Published: February 2022

A hanseníase é um grave problema de saúde coletiva que atinge historicamente populações que vivem em péssimas condições de vida. No Brasil contemporâneo a hanseníase é uma doença que atinge as camadas mais pobres da população. Embora seja uma doença que, uma vez tratada, apresente possibilidades significativas de cura e não apresente riscos de contágio; em função do preconceito cultural, ainda persiste uma situação de estigma em relação à doença. Ao ser reconhecido como hanseniano, o indivíduo é permeado por um conjunto de designações degradantes. Assim, reconhecemos a prevenção como um aspecto nobre no controle da hanseníase, e uma das formas utilizadas é a informação por meio da comunicação visual. Com essa investigação pretendemos identificar os discursos sobre a prevenção da hanseníase imprimidos em cartazes, panfletos, guias, cartilhas e portarias produzidos pelo Ministério da Saúde. Para isso, utilizou-se na investigação estratégias teórico-metodológicas da pesquisa documental. Os documentos analisados deram indício de que na divulgação de informações sobre a prevenção da hanseníase, o que prevalece é o discurso biomédico sobre diagnóstico, tratamento e cura. Os aspectos socioculturais da doença no que se refere ao preconceito estão ausentes ou são abordados timidamente nos documentos. Além disso, informações de cunho sociocultural, como o alerta aos aspectos do preconceito não são percebidas. A linguagem é claramente clínico-biomédica e existe uma preocupação em disseminar entre os profissionais da saúde e pacientes apenas que a hanseníase tem cura.
COMORBIDADES ENTRE PACIENTES COM ARTRITE REUMATOIDE E SUA ASSOCIAÇÃO COM A DESCOMPENSAÇÃO CLÍNICA
Authors: De Carvalho Fernandes Ana Cláudia , Sales Gonçalves Thuane , Mathyell Silva Hágabo , De Morais Neves Carina , Viana Oliveira Isabela , Ramalho de Oliveira Djenane , Maria Kakehasi Adriana , Costa Pinto Maria Raquel , Martins Gonzaga do Nascimento Mariana
Published: February 2022

A artrite reumatoide (AR) é uma doença inflamatória crônica que acomete as articulações e evolui com incapacidade funcional. Pacientes com AR, frequentemente, apresentam comorbidades que podem influenciar a evolução clínica da doença. Objetivo: avaliar a associação entre comorbidades e o perfil de atividade da AR entre pacientes em acompanhamento ambulatorial em um hospital universitário público. Métodos: trata-se de um estudo transversal, que coletou coletados dados demográficos, de doenças, sobre hábitos de vida e perfil da AR, de uma amostra representativa de pacientes diagnosticados com AR deste ambulatório. Realizou-se uma análise descritiva e análises uni e multivariada para avaliar fatores associados com a variável dependente DAS28 (Disease Activity Score 28). Resultados: Duzentos e um pacientes foram incluídos, destes 172 (85,6%) eram mulheres, e a média de idade foi de 60,3 ± 11,5. Sete pacientes (3.5%) eram obesos, 17 (8.5%) tabagistas, 106 (52,7%) hipertensos, 38 (18,9%) diabéticos e 72 (35,8%) apresentavam dislipidemias. Foi identificado na amostra um índice de comorbidade funcional médio de 2,3 ± 1,19, e uma média de 4,2 ± 2,2 doenças por paciente. Idade maior ou igual a 60 anos (OR=0,40; IC95% 0,21-0,74) e ser diabético (OR=2,96; IC95% 1,30-6,74) mostraram-se associadas com o DAS28 moderado/alto. Conclusão: a presença de comorbidades se mostrou frequente na população estudada, e idade igual ou superior a 60 anos mostrou-se associado negativamente, enquanto o diagnóstico de diabetes mellitus (DM) associado positivamente à atividade da doença moderada à alta. Os achados reforçam a necessidade de monitorização da DM entre esses pacientes, especialmente os mais jovens.
PERFIL ANTROPOMÉTRICO DE ALIMENTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS DE ESCOLARES DE UM MUNICÍPIO MINEIRO
Authors: Souza e Silva Thaiany Goulart de , Bellizze Maria Elvira Pereira , Da Silva Mayara Farias , Bastos Marques Débora Vasconcelos , Dias Thaís Gabrielle , Toloni Maysa Helena de Aguiar , Pereira de Brito Tábatta Renata , Fernandes Gislene Regina , Lima Daniela Braga
Published: February 2022

Objetivou-se analisar o perfil antropométrico e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por crianças de uma escola pública. Um estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo foi realizado com 141 escolares de uma instituição de ensino municipal em Minas Gerais. Foi desenvolvido um questionário estruturado a fim de se avaliar as variáveis demográficas, antropométricas e o consumo alimentar. A variável Índice de Massa Corporal por Idade foi utilizada para avaliar o estado nutricional; medidas como circunferências da cintura e razão cintura/estatura foram utilizadas para avaliar a obesidade central entre os escolares. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio de um questionário de frequência alimentar, o qual foi adaptado para melhor avaliar o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. As diferenças entre as proporções foram estimadas utilizando-se o teste χ2 de Pearson. Em todas as análises estatísticas, considerou-se um nível de significância de 5%. Observou-se que 11,3% (n=16) das crianças foram classificadas com baixo peso, enquanto 34,0% (n=48) apresentavam excesso de peso. Em relação à presença de obesidade central, 7,1% (n=10) das meninas e 9,2% (n=13) dos meninos apresentaram risco aumentado para desenvolver doenças cardiovasculares. Constatou-se que uma parcela importante de estudantes com quadro de excesso de peso foram os responsáveis pelo maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados. Os achados evidenciaram um considerável percentual de crianças com excesso de peso e uma contribuição expressiva dos alimentos ultraprocessados na alimentação infantil. Sendo assim, torna-se pertinente a realização de ações de educação alimentar e nutricional eficazes visando estimular consumo alimentar mais saudável e promoção da melhora do estado nutricional.