bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression Discontinuity with Multiple Running Variables Allowing Partial Effects
Authors: Choi Jin-young , Lee Myoung-jae
Published: July 2018

In regression discontinuity (RD), a running variable (or “score”) crossing a cutoff determines a treatment that affects the mean-regression function. This paper generalizes this usual “one-score mean RD” in three ways: (i) considering multiple scores, (ii) allowing partial effects due to each score crossing its own cutoff, not just the full effect with all scores crossing all cutoffs, and (iii) accommodating quantile/mode regressions. This generalization is motivated by (i) many multiple-score RD cases, (ii) the full-effect identification needing the partial effects to be separated, and (iii) informative quantile/mode regression functions. We establish identification for multiple-score RD (MRD), and propose simple estimators that become “local difference in differences” in case of double scores. We also provide an empirical illustration where partial effects exist.
Record your Agree: A case study of the Arabic complementizerʔinn
Authors: JARRAH MARWAN
Published: July 2018

This research investigates the morpho-syntactic behaviour of the Arabic complementizerʔinnin a range of Arabic varieties (Modern Standard Arabic, Jordanian Arabic, and Lebanese Arabic). It essentially argues that this complementizershares(notdonatesorkeeps,paceOuali 2008, 2011) its unvalued$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$-features with its complement$\text{T}^{0}$, something that makesʔinnand$\text{T}^{0}$separate agreeing heads. An inflectional suffix attached toʔinnis treated as a PF reflex (i.e. an overt morphological realization) of valuation ofʔinn’s unvalued$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$-features or lack thereof. This research also argues that the occurrence of such an inflectional suffix is ruled by the postulatedAgree Chain Record, an interface condition that demands an Agree relation to have a PF reflex, called aRecord(i.e. an overt Case marking on the goal or, if not, a$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$-affix on the probe). This way, we account for the complementary distribution of overt Case and$\unicode[STIX]{x1D719}$-Agree in Arabic. We also show how a host of other phenomena, including word order agreement asymmetries in Modern Standard Arabic and lack of such asymmetries in Arabic vernaculars, fares well with this view.
Communication and decision-making regarding children with critical cardiac disease: a systematic review of family preferences
Authors: Neubauer Kathryn , Williams Erin P. , Donohue Pamela K. , Boss Renee D.
Published: July 2018

Critical heart disease in the pediatric population is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Research around the most effective communication and decision-making strategies is lacking. This systematic review aims to summarise what is known about parent preference for communication and decision-making in children with critical heart disease. Database searches included key words such as family, pediatric heart disease, communication, and decision-making. A total of 10 studies fit our inclusion criteria: nine were qualitative studies with parent interviews and one study was quantitative with a parent survey. We found three main themes regarding physician–parent communication and decision-making in the context of paediatric heart disease: (1) amount, timing, and content of information provided to parents; (2) helpful physician characteristics and communication styles; and (3) reinforcing the support circle for families.
Orphan Sounds: Locating historical recordings in contemporary media
Authors: Chattopadhyay Budhaditya
Published: July 2018

This article seeks to articulate the interaction between archival sound recordings and the contemporary media, arguing that digitisation and post-digital mediation have led to the interpretation of historical sound recordings as object-disoriented sonic artefacts drifting through the contemporary media environment. Investigating past, current and ongoing sound-based artistic projects and artworks as case studies, the article substantiates the argument by addressing questions of identity, mediation and interpretation in the post-digital condition of contemporary media. These projects are examined in order to gain understanding of how the source materials are often derived from older sounds, such as the pre-electric era early sound recordings made in India on shellacs and cylinders, and how they are reused in artistic production following their re-interpretation as object-disoriented sonic artefacts.
Code-switching and Loanwords for the Audio Engineer: The flow of terminology from science, to music, to metaphor
Authors: Nelson Nicholas R.
Published: July 2018

The social and sociological implications of what David Beer calls the ‘precarious double life’ of the recording engineer – a technical professional on one hand, an artistic one on the other – are only recently coming to the fore in scholarship. Bruno Latour’s Actor-Network theory and the Social Construction of Technology theory pioneered by Trevor Pinch, as well as the contributions of Susan Schmidt-Horning and Beer himself, have begun to give us an intellectual framework to examine how social forces shape sound technology and the variegated implications of that shaping.

This article examines the case of the ‘bilingualism’ required of the recording engineer. Drawing on primary sources from across the twentieth century, it traces the case of scientific terminology becoming musical terminology, that musical terminology becoming ingrained in consumer culture, and that ingrained, well-understood musical terminology becoming, finally, metaphorical.

We trace the case of spectral terminology from Joseph P. Maxfield’s articles explaining electromechanical recording to a general audience in the publicationScientific Americanin the 1930 s, through the application of spectral terminology in advertising during the hi-fi boom of the midcentury, and finally to the metaphorical use of the same terminology in popular music in the last two decades of the century. We show, then, that it is not only the audio engineer, but also their terminology itself that participates in a ‘double life’.
Insect Infestations Alter Forest Carbon Cycle
Authors: Sidder Aaron
Published: July 2018

A hemlock woolly adelgid outbreak in southern Appalachia prompted a transformation in where the forest stores carbon.
The Multiscale Impacts of Organized Convection in Global 2‐D Cloud‐Resolving Models
Authors: Brenowitz N. D. , Majda A. J. , Yang Q.
Published: July 2018

This paper studies the mechanisms behind the multiscale organization of tropical moist convection using a trio of cloud‐resolving atmospheric simulations performed in a periodic two‐dimensional 32,000‐km domain. A simulation with interactive surface fluxes and long‐wave radiation over a constant sea surface temperature of 300.15 K produces a planetary‐scale self‐aggregated patch of convection after 80 days of simulation. Fixing the surface fluxes and radiative cooling at a constant value suppresses this planetary‐scale organization. However, increasing the stability at the tropopause by adding stratospheric heating produces a simulation, which generates a planetary‐scale wave after just 30 days. This planetary‐scale wave modulates eastward propagating synoptic‐scale waves, which in turn modulate westward propagating mesoscale convective system. Low‐pass filters are used to diagnose the feedbacks, which produce large‐scale variance of zonal velocity, buoyancy, and humidity. The planetary‐scale buoyancy variance and zonal velocity variance are related to the available potential energy (APE) and kinetic energy (KE) budgets, respectively. In the simulation with stratospheric heating, planetary‐scale KE is created by vertical fluxes of zonal momentum, converted to APE, and then dissipated by latent heating, mixing, and other buoyancy sources. Without stratospheric heating, the KE produced by these feedbacks is strongly damped in the stratosphere. The mesoscale eddy flux convergence of zonal momentum dominates the total vertical flux feedback on the planetary‐scale KE, and its vertical structure is consistent with the westward propagating mesoscale convective systems. Overall, these results demonstrate that these eddy fluxes can organize two‐dimensional deep convection on planetary scales in the absence of other diabatic feedbacks.
Strategies for reducing speckle noise in digital holography
Authors: Bianco Vittorio , Memmolo Pasquale , Leo Marco , Montresor Silvio , Distante Cosimo , Paturzo Melania , Picart Pascal , Javidi Bahram , Ferraro Pietro
Published: July 2018

Digital holography (DH) has emerged as one of the most effective coherent imaging technologies. The technological developments of digital sensors and optical elements have made DH the primary approach in several research fields, from quantitative phase imaging to optical metrology and 3D display technologies, to name a few. Like many other digital imaging techniques, DH must cope with the issue of speckle artifacts, due to the coherent nature of the required light sources. Despite the complexity of the recently proposed de-speckling methods, many have not yet attained the required level of effectiveness. That is, a universal denoising strategy for completely suppressing holographic noise has not yet been established. Thus the removal of speckle noise from holographic images represents a bottleneck for the entire optics and photonics scientific community. This review article provides a broad discussion about the noise issue in DH, with the aim of covering the best-performing noise reduction approaches that have been proposed so far. Quantitative comparisons among these approaches will be presented.
Review of withdrawal catatonia: what does this reveal about clozapine?
Authors: Lander Matthew , Bastiampillai Tarun , Sareen Jitender
Published: July 2018

Withdrawal symptoms are common upon discontinuation of psychiatric medications. Catatonia, a neuropsychiatric condition proposed to be associated with gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) hypoactivity due to its robust response to benzodiazepines, has been described as a withdrawal syndrome in case reports but is not a well-recognized phenomenon. The authors undertook a review of withdrawal catatonia with an aim to understand its presentation as well as the medications and psychoactive substances it is associated with. The review identified 55 cases of withdrawal catatonia, the majority of which occurred upon discontinuation of benzodiazepines (24 cases) and discontinuation of clozapine (20 cases). No other antipsychotic medications were identified as having been associated with the onset of a catatonic episode within 2 weeks following their discontinuation. Increasing GABA activity and resultant GABA receptor adaptations with prolonged use is postulated as a shared pharmacological mechanism between clozapine and benzodiazepines that underlie their association with withdrawal catatonia. The existing evidence for clozapine’s activity on the GABA system is reviewed. The clinical presentations of benzodiazepine withdrawal catatonia and clozapine withdrawal catatonia appear to differ and reasons for this are explored. One reason is that benzodiazepines act directly on GABAA receptors as allosteric agonists, while clozapine has more complex and indirect interactions, primarily through effects on receptors located on GABA interneurons. Another possible reason for the difference in clinical presentation is that clozapine withdrawal catatonia may also involve receptor adaptations in non-GABA receptors such as dopamine and acetylcholine. The findings from our review have implications for the treatment of withdrawal catatonia, and treatment recommendations are provided. Further research understanding the uniqueness of clozapine withdrawal catatonia among antipsychotic medication may give some insight as to clozapine’s differential mechanism of action.
SLC10A7 mutations cause a skeletal dysplasia with amelogenesis imperfecta mediated by GAG biosynthesis defects
Authors: Dubail Johanne , Huber Céline , Chantepie Sandrine , Sonntag Stephan , Tüysüz Beyhan , Mihci Ercan , Gordon Christopher T. , Steichen-Gersdorf Elisabeth , Amiel Jeanne , Nur Banu , Stolte-Dijkstra Irene , van Eerde Albertien M. , van Gassen Koen L. , Breugem Corstiaan C. , Stegmann Alexander , Lekszas Caroline , Maroofian Reza , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Bruneel Arnaud , Seta Nathalie , Munnich Arnold , Papy-Garcia Dulce , De La Dure-Molla Muriel , Cormier-Daire Valérie
Published: July 2018

Skeletal dysplasia with multiple dislocations are severe disorders characterized by dislocations of large joints and short stature. The majority of them have been linked to pathogenic variants in genes encoding glycosyltransferases, sulfotransferases or epimerases required for glycosaminoglycan synthesis. Using exome sequencing, we identify homozygous mutations in SLC10A7 in six individuals with skeletal dysplasia with multiple dislocations and amelogenesis imperfecta. SLC10A7 encodes a 10-transmembrane-domain transporter located at the plasma membrane. Functional studies in vitro demonstrate that SLC10A7 mutations reduce SLC10A7 protein expression. We generate a Slc10a7−/− mouse model, which displays shortened long bones, growth plate disorganization and tooth enamel anomalies, recapitulating the human phenotype. Furthermore, we identify decreased heparan sulfate levels in Slc10a7−/− mouse cartilage and patient fibroblasts. Finally, we find an abnormal N-glycoprotein electrophoretic profile in patient blood samples. Together, our findings support the involvement of SLC10A7 in glycosaminoglycan synthesis and specifically in skeletal development.
Genome-wide identification of directed gene networks using large-scale population genomics data
Authors: Luijk René , Dekkers Koen F. , van Iterson Maarten , Arindrarto Wibowo , Claringbould Annique , Hop Paul , Boomsma Dorret I. , van Duijn Cornelia M. , van Greevenbroek Marleen M. J. , Veldink Jan H. , Wijmenga Cisca , Franke Lude , ’t Hoen Peter A. C. , Jansen Rick , van Meurs Joyce , Mei Hailiang , Slagboom P. Eline , Heijmans Bastiaan T. , van Zwet Erik W. ,   BIOS (Biobank-based Integrative Omics Study) Consortium, Beekman Marian , van der Breggen Ruud , Deelen Joris , Lakenberg Nico , Moed Matthijs , Suchiman H. Eka D. , Arindrarto Wibowo , van ’t Hof Peter , Bonder Marc Jan , Deelen Patrick , Tigchelaar Ettje F. , Zhernakova Alexandra , Zhernakova Dasha V. , van Dongen Jenny , Hottenga Jouke J. , Pool René , Isaacs Aaron , Hofman Bert A. , Jhamai Mila , van der Kallen Carla J. H. , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Stehouwer Coen D. A. , van den Berg Leonard H. , van Galen Michiel , Vermaat Martijn , van Rooij Jeroen , Uitterlinden André G. , Verbiest Michael , Verkerk Marijn , Kielbasa P. Szymon M. , Bot Jan , Nooren Irene , van Dijk Freerk , Swertz Morris A. , van Heemst Diana
Published: July 2018

Identification of causal drivers behind regulatory gene networks is crucial in understanding gene function. Here, we develop a method for the large-scale inference of gene–gene interactions in observational population genomics data that are both directed (using local genetic instruments as causal anchors, akin to Mendelian Randomization) and specific (by controlling for linkage disequilibrium and pleiotropy). Analysis of genotype and whole-blood RNA-sequencing data from 3072 individuals identified 49 genes as drivers of downstream transcriptional changes (Wald P < 7 × 10−10), among which transcription factors were overrepresented (Fisher’s P = 3.3 × 10−7). Our analysis suggests new gene functions and targets, including for SENP7 (zinc-finger genes involved in retroviral repression) and BCL2A1 (target genes possibly involved in auditory dysfunction). Our work highlights the utility of population genomics data in deriving directed gene expression networks. A resource of trans-effects for all 6600 genes with a genetic instrument can be explored individually using a web-based browser.
Elastic pseudospin transport for integratable topological phononic circuits
Authors: Yu Si-Yuan , He Cheng , Wang Zhen , Liu Fu-Kang , Sun Xiao-Chen , Li Zheng , Lu Hai-Zhou , Lu Ming-Hui , Liu Xiao-Ping , Chen Yan-Feng
Published: July 2018

Precise control of solid-state elastic waves’ mode content and coherence is of great use nowadays in reinforcing mechanical energy harvesting/storage, nondestructive material testing, wave-matter interaction, high sensitivity sensing, and information processing, etc. Its efficacy is highly dependent on having elastic transmission channels with lower loss and higher degree of freedom. Here, we demonstrate experimentally an elastic analog of the quantum spin Hall effects in a monolithically scalable configuration, which opens up a route in manipulating elastic waves represented by elastic pseudospins with spin-momentum locking. Their unique features including robustness and negligible propagation loss may enhance elastic planar-integrated circuit-level and system-level performance. Our approach promotes topological materials that can interact with solid-state phonons in both static and time-dependent regimes. It thus can be immediately applied to multifarious chip-scale topological phononic devices, such as path-arbitrary elastic wave-guiding, elastic splitters and elastic resonators with high-quality factors.
The identification of carbon dioxide mediated protein post-translational modifications
Authors: Linthwaite Victoria L. , Janus Joanna M. , Brown Adrian P. , Wong-Pascua David , O’Donoghue AnnMarie C. , Porter Andrew , Treumann Achim , Hodgson David R. W. , Cann Martin J.
Published: July 2018

Carbon dioxide is vital to the chemistry of life processes including metabolism, cellular homoeostasis, and pathogenesis. CO2 is generally unreactive but can combine with neutral amines to form carbamates on proteins under physiological conditions. The most widely known examples of this are CO2 regulation of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase and haemoglobin. However, the systematic identification of CO2-binding sites on proteins formed through carbamylation has not been possible due to the ready reversibility of carbamate formation. Here we demonstrate a methodology to identify protein carbamates using triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate to covalently trap CO2, allowing for downstream proteomic analysis. This report describes the systematic identification of carbamates in a physiologically relevant environment. We demonstrate the identification of carbamylated proteins and the general principle that CO2 can impact protein biochemistry through carbamate formation. The ability to identify protein carbamates will significantly advance our understanding of cellular CO2 interactions.
Azole-induced cell wall carbohydrate patches kill Aspergillus fumigatus
Authors: Geißel Bernadette , Loiko Veronika , Klugherz Isabel , Zhu Zhaojun , Wagener Nikola , Kurzai Oliver , van den Hondel Cees A. M. J. J. , Wagener Johannes
Published: July 2018

Azole antifungals inhibit the fungal ergosterol biosynthesis pathway, resulting in either growth inhibition or killing of the pathogen, depending on the species. Here we report that azoles have an initial growth-inhibitory (fungistatic) activity against the pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus that can be separated from the succeeding fungicidal effects. At a later stage, the cell wall salvage system is induced. This correlates with successive cell integrity loss and death of hyphal compartments. Time-lapse fluorescence microscopy reveals excessive synthesis of cell wall carbohydrates at defined spots along the hyphae, leading to formation of membrane invaginations and eventually rupture of the plasma membrane. Inhibition of β-1,3-glucan synthesis reduces the formation of cell wall carbohydrate patches and delays cell integrity failure and fungal death. We propose that azole antifungals exert their fungicidal activity by triggering synthesis of cell wall carbohydrate patches that penetrate the plasma membrane, thereby killing the fungus. The elucidated mechanism may be potentially exploited as a novel approach for azole susceptibility testing.
Anion stabilised hypercloso-hexaalane Al6H6
Authors: Bonyhady Simon J. , Collis David , Holzmann Nicole , Edwards Alison J. , Piltz Ross O. , Frenking Gernot , Stasch Andreas , Jones Cameron
Published: July 2018

Boron hydride clusters are an extremely diverse compound class, which are of enormous importance to many areas of chemistry. Despite this, stable aluminium hydride analogues of these species have remained staunchly elusive to synthetic chemists. Here, we report that reductions of an amidinato-aluminium(III) hydride complex with magnesium(I) dimers lead to unprecedented examples of stable aluminium(I) hydride complexes, [(ArNacnac)Mg]2[Al6H6(Fiso)2] (ArNacnac = [HC(MeCNAr)2]−, Ar = C6H2Me3-2,4,6 Mes; C6H3Et2-2,6 Dep or C6H3Me2-2,6 Xyl; Fiso = [HC(NDip)2]−, Dip = C6H3Pri2-2,6), which crystallographic and computational studies show to possess near neutral, octahedral hypercloso-hexaalane, Al6H6, cluster cores. The electronically delocalised skeletal bonding in these species is compared to that in the classical borane, [B6H6]2−. Thus, the chemistry of classical polyhedral boranes is extended to stable aluminium hydride clusters for the first time.
Low irradiance multiphoton imaging with alloyed lanthanide nanocrystals
Authors: Tian Bining , Fernandez-Bravo Angel , Najafiaghdam Hossein , Torquato Nicole A. , Altoe M. Virginia P. , Teitelboim Ayelet , Tajon Cheryl A. , Tian Yue , Borys Nicholas J. , Barnard Edward S. , Anwar Mekhail , Chan Emory M. , Schuck P. James , Cohen Bruce E.
Published: July 2018

Multiphoton imaging techniques that convert low-energy excitation to higher energy emission are widely used to improve signal over background, reduce scatter, and limit photodamage. Lanthanide-doped upconverting nanoparticles (UCNPs) are among the most efficient multiphoton probes, but even UCNPs with optimized lanthanide dopant levels require laser intensities that may be problematic. Here, we develop protein-sized, alloyed UCNPs (aUCNPs) that can be imaged individually at laser intensities >300-fold lower than needed for comparably sized doped UCNPs. Using single UCNP characterization and kinetic modeling, we find that addition of inert shells changes optimal lanthanide content from Yb3+, Er3+-doped NaYF4 nanocrystals to fully alloyed compositions. At high levels, emitter Er3+ ions can adopt a second role to enhance aUCNP absorption cross-section by desaturating sensitizer Yb3+ or by absorbing photons directly. Core/shell aUCNPs 12 nm in total diameter can be imaged through deep tissue in live mice using a laser intensity of 0.1 W cm−2.
Functional activity of the H3.3 histone chaperone complex HIRA requires trimerization of the HIRA subunit
Authors: Ray-Gallet Dominique , Ricketts M. Daniel , Sato Yukari , Gupta Kushol , Boyarchuk Ekaterina , Senda Toshiya , Marmorstein Ronen , Almouzni Geneviève
Published: July 2018

The HIRA histone chaperone complex deposits the histone variant H3.3 onto chromatin in a DNA synthesis-independent manner. It comprises three identified subunits, HIRA, UBN1 and CABIN1, however the functional oligomerization state of the complex has not been investigated. Here we use biochemical and crystallographic analysis to show that the HIRA subunit forms a stable homotrimer that binds two subunits of CABIN1 in vitro. A HIRA mutant that is defective in homotrimer formation interacts less efficiently with CABIN1, is not enriched at DNA damage sites upon UV irradiation and cannot rescue new H3.3 deposition in HIRA knockout cells. The structural homology with the homotrimeric replisome component Ctf4/AND-1 enables the drawing of parallels and discussion of the functional importance of the homotrimerization state of the HIRA subunit.
Tuneable hopping and nonlinear cross-Kerr interactions in a high-coherence superconducting circuit
Authors: Kounalakis M. , Dickel C. , Bruno A. , Langford N. K. , Steele G. A.
Published: July 2018

Analog quantum simulations offer rich opportunities for exploring complex quantum systems and phenomena through the use of specially engineered, well-controlled quantum systems. A critical element, increasing the scope and flexibility of such experimental platforms, is the ability to access and tune in situ different interaction regimes. Here, we present a superconducting circuit building block of two highly coherent transmons featuring in situ tuneable photon hopping and nonlinear cross-Kerr couplings. The interactions are mediated via a nonlinear coupler, consisting of a large capacitor in parallel with a tuneable superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID). We demonstrate the working principle by experimentally characterising the system in the single-excitation and two-excitation manifolds, and derive a full theoretical model that accurately describes our measurements. Both qubits have high coherence properties, with typical relaxation times in the range of 15 to 40 μs at all bias points of the coupler. Our device could be used as a scalable building block in analog quantum simulators of extended Bose-Hubbard and Heisenberg XXZ models, and may also have applications in quantum computing such as realising fast two-qubit gates and perfect state transfer protocols.
ICAM1 expression is induced by proinflammatory cytokines and associated with TLS formation in aggressive breast cancer subtypes
Authors: Figenschau Stine L. , Knutsen Erik , Urbarova Ilona , Fenton Christopher , Elston Bryan , Perander Maria , Mortensen Elin S. , Fenton Kristin A.
Published: July 2018

Intratumoral formation of tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) within the tumor microenvironment is considered to be a consequence of antigen challenge during anti-tumor responses. Intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM1) has been implicated in a variety of immune and inflammatory responses, in addition to associate with triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). In this study, we detected TLS in the aggressive tumor phenotypes TNBC, HER2+ and luminal B, whereas the TLS negative group contained solely tumors of the luminal A subtype. We show that ICAM1 is exclusively expressed in TNBC and HER2 enriched subtypes known to be associated with inflammation and the formation of TLS. Furthermore, cell from normal mammary epithelium and breast cancer cell lines expressed ICAM1 upon stimulation with the proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL1β and IFNγ. ICAM1 overexpression was induced in MCF7, MDA-MB-468 and SK-BR-3 cells regardless of hormone receptor status. Taken together, our findings show that ICAM1 is expressed in aggressive subtypes of breast cancer and its expression is inducible by well-known proinflammatory cytokines. ICAM1 may be an attractive molecular target for TNBC, but further investigations elucidating the role of ICAM1 in targeted therapies have to take into consideration selective subtypes of breast cancer.
Design and Simulation of Active Frequency-selective Metasurface for Full-colour Plasmonic Display
Authors: Guo Jingjing , Tu Yan , Yang Lanlan , Zhang Yin , Wang Lili , Wang Baoping
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we report a full-colour plasmonic pixel by incorporating a low-index buffer layer and an EO material layer with a gap surface plasmon-based metasuface. The reflection spectra can be modulated by an external voltage bias with a reflectivity higher than 60% when filtering red, green and blue primary light. Vivid colour can be generated by mixing the three primaries in time sequence. Brightness can be tuned by the duty cycle of bright and dark state. Theoretical calculations demonstrate that the switchable pixels we designed can achieve a gamut overlapping 80% area of NTSC colour space and a contrast ratio of 10.63, 26.11 and 2.97 for red, green and blue when using a white quatom-dot-enhancement-film backlit.
Putative dopamine neurons in the ventral tegmental area enhance information coding in the prefrontal cortex
Authors: Mininni Camilo J. , Caiafa César F. , Zanutto B. Silvano , Tseng Kuei Y. , Lew Sergio E.
Published: July 2018

It has been proposed that neuronal populations in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) robustly encode task-relevant information through an interplay with the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Yet, the precise computation underlying such functional interaction remains elusive. Here, we conducted simultaneous recordings of single-unit activity in PFC and VTA of rats performing a GO/NoGO task. We found that mutual information between stimuli and neural activity increases in the PFC as soon as stimuli are presented. Notably, it is the activity of putative dopamine neurons in the VTA that contributes critically to enhance information coding in the PFC. The higher the activity of these VTA neurons, the better the conditioned stimuli are encoded in the PFC.
Clinical Implications of Serial Glucose Measurements in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients Treated with Intravenous Thrombolysis
Authors: Kim Joon-Tae , Lee Se-Young , Yoo Deok-Sang , Lee Ji Sung , Kim Sang-Hoon , Choi Kang-Ho , Park Man-Seok , Cho Ki-Hyun
Published: July 2018

Serial glucose might more accurately reflect glycemic status in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) than presenting glucose. We sought to investigate the clinical implications of various parameters of serial glucose on the outcomes of patients with AIS treated with intravenous thrombolysis (IVT). This was a single-center, prospective, observational study of stroke patients treated with IVT. Blood glucose (BG) was serially measured at 6-time points during the first 24 h of IVT. The primary endpoint analyzed was a good outcome at 3 m. Among the 492 patients in the cohort (age, 70 ± 12 y; men, 57%), the overall BG level was 131 ± 33 mg/dl. At 3 m, 40.4% of the patients had a good outcome. Patients with good outcomes had significantly lower mean BG (121 vs 128 mg/dl) and higher coefficient of variance (CoV, 17% vs 14%) but no differences in the others. For patients with higher mBG (every 30 mg/dl), the likelihood of achieving a good outcome decreased (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.02). For patients with higher CoV (every 10%), the likelihood of a good outcome increased (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.71). The results showed that higher mBG and lower CoV were consistently associated with worse outcomes in IV-thrombolyzed stroke patients, suggesting that lowering BG might be potential therapeutic target.
Importance of secondary screening with clinical isolates for anti-leishmania drug discovery
Authors: Hefnawy Aya , Cantizani Juan , Peña Imanol , Manzano Pilar , Rijal Suman , Dujardin Jean-Claude , De Muylder Geraldine , Martin Julio
Published: July 2018

The growing drug resistance (DR) raises major concerns for the control of visceral leishmaniasis (VL), a neglected disease lethal in 95 percent of the cases if left untreated. Resistance has rendered antimonials (SSG) obsolete in the Indian Sub-Continent (ISC) and the first miltefosine-resistantLeishmania donovaniwere isolated. New chemotherapeutic options are needed and novel compounds are being identified by high-throughput screening (HTS). HTS is generally performed with old laboratory strains such asLdBOBand we aimed here to validate the activity of selected compounds against recent clinical isolates. In this academic/industrial collaboration, 130 compounds from the GSK “Leishbox” were screened against one SSG-sensitive and one SSG-resistant strain ofL. donovanirecently isolated from ISC patients, using an intracellular assay ofL. donovani-infected THP1-derived macrophages. We showed that only 45% of the compounds were active in both clinical isolates andLdBOB. There were also different compound efficiencies linked to the SSG susceptibility background of the strains. In addition, our results suggested that the differential susceptibility profiles were chemical series-dependent. In conclusion, we demonstrate the potential value of including clinical isolates (as well as resistant strains) in the HTS progression cascade.
Growth of, and diffusion in, olivine in ultra-fast ascending basalt magmas from Shiveluch volcano
Authors: Gordeychik Boris , Churikova Tatiana , Kronz Andreas , Sundermeyer Caren , Simakin Alexander , Wörner Gerhard
Published: July 2018

Complex core-rim zoning of Mg-Fe-Ni-Ca-Cr-Al-P in high-Mg olivine crystals from a tuff ring of Shiveluch volcano, Kamchatka, enables reconstruction of the entire olivine crystallization history from mantle conditions to eruption. Bell-shaped Fo86–92 and Ni profiles in crystal cores were formed by diffusion after mixing with evolved magma. Diffusion proceeded to the centres of crystals and completely equilibrated Fo and Ni in some crystals. Diffusion times extracted from Fo and Ni core profiles range from 100 to 2000 days. During subsequent mixing with mafic mantle-equilibrated melt, the cores were partially dissolved and overgrown by Fo90 olivine. Times extracted from Fo and Ni diffusion profiles across the resorption interface between the core and its overgrowth range within 1–10 days, which corresponds to the time of magma ascent to the surface. The overgrowth shows identical smooth Fo-Ni decreasing zoning patterns for all crystals towards the margin, indicating that all crystals shared the same growth history after last mixing event prior to eruption. At the same time, Ca, and to an even greater extent Cr, Al, and P have oscillatory growth patterns in the crystals overgrowth. Our data show that magma ascent can be extremely short during maar/tuff ring eruption.
Finite-time scaling in local bifurcations
Authors: Corral Álvaro , Sardanyés Josep , Alsedà Lluís
Published: July 2018

Finite-size scaling is a key tool in statistical physics, used to infer critical behavior in finite systems. Here we have made use of the analogous concept of finite-time scaling to describe the bifurcation diagram at finite times in discrete (deterministic) dynamical systems. We analytically derive finite-time scaling laws for two ubiquitous transitions given by the transcritical and the saddle-node bifurcation, obtaining exact expressions for the critical exponents and scaling functions. One of the scaling laws, corresponding to the distance of the dynamical variable to the attractor, turns out to be universal, in the sense that it holds for both bifurcations, yielding the same exponents and scaling function. Remarkably, the resulting scaling behavior in the transcritical bifurcation is precisely the same as the one in the (stochastic) Galton-Watson process. Our work establishes a new connection between thermodynamic phase transitions and bifurcations in low-dimensional dynamical systems, and opens new avenues to identify the nature of dynamical shifts in systems for which only short time series are available.
Identification of saturated and unsaturated 1-methoxyalkanes from the Thai millipede Orthomorpha communis as potential “Raincoat Compounds”
Authors: Nuylert Aem , Kuwahara Yasumasa , Hongpattarakere Tipparat , Asano Yasuhisa
Published: July 2018

Mixtures of saturated and unsaturated 1-methoxyalkanes (alkyl methyl ethers, representing more than 45.4% of the millipede hexane extracts) were newly identified from the Thai polydesmid millipede, Orthomorpha communis, in addition to well-known polydesmid defense allomones (benzaldehyde, benzoyl cyanide, benzoic acid, mandelonitrile, and mandelonitrile benzoate) and phenolics (phenol, o- and p-cresol, 2-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxy-5-methylphenol and 3-methoxy-4-methylphenol). The major compound was 1-methoxy-n-hexadecane (32.9%), and the mixture might function as “raincoat compounds” for the species to keep off water penetration and also to prevent desiccation.
High doses of CRISPR/Cas9 ribonucleoprotein efficiently induce gene knockout with low mosaicism in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica through microhomology-mediated deletion
Authors: Momose Tsuyoshi , De Cian Anne , Shiba Kogiku , Inaba Kazuo , Giovannangeli Carine , Concordet Jean-Paul
Published: July 2018

Targeted mutagenesis using CRISPR/Cas9 technology has been shown to be a powerful approach to examine gene function in diverse metazoan species. One common drawback is that mixed genotypes, and thus variable phenotypes, arise in the F0 generation because incorrect DNA repair produces different mutations amongst cells of the developing embryo. We report here an effective method for gene knockout (KO) in the hydrozoan Clytia hemisphaerica, by injection into the egg of Cas9/sgRNA ribonucleoprotein complex (RNP). Expected phenotypes were observed in the F0 generation when targeting endogenous GFP genes, which abolished fluorescence in embryos, or CheRfx123 (that codes for a conserved master transcriptional regulator for ciliogenesis) which caused sperm motility defects. When high concentrations of Cas9 RNP were used, the mutations in target genes at F0 polyp or jellyfish stages were not random but consisted predominantly of one or two specific deletions between pairs of short microhomologies flanking the cleavage site. Such microhomology-mediated (MM) deletion is most likely caused by microhomology-mediated end-joining (MMEJ), which may be favoured in early stage embryos. This finding makes it very easy to isolate uniform, largely non-mosaic mutants with predictable genotypes in the F0 generation in Clytia, allowing rapid and reliable phenotype assessment.
Crossed patterned structured illumination for the analysis and velocimetry of transient turbid media
Authors: Kristensson Elias , Berrocal Edouard
Published: July 2018

Imaging through turbid environments is experimentally challenging due to multiple light scattering. Structured laser illumination has proven to be effective to minimize errors arising from this phenomenon, allowing the interior of optically dense media to be observed. However, in order to preserve the image spatial resolution while suppressing the intensity contribution from multiple light scattering, the method relies on multiple acquisitions and thus sequential illumination. These requirements significantly limit the usefulness of structured illumination when imaging highly transient events. Here we present a method for achieving snapshot visualizations using structured illumination, where the spatial frequency domain is increased by a factor of two compared to past structured illumination snapshots. Our approach uses two crossed intensity-modulated patterns, allowing us to expand the spatial frequency response of the extracted data. The snapshot capability of this imaging approach allows tracking single particles and opens up for the extraction of velocity vectors by combining it with standard particle tracking/image velocimetry (PTV or PIV) equipment. In this paper we demonstrate the capabilities of this new method and, for the first time, use structured illumination to extract velocity vectors in 2D in a transient turbid medium, in this case an optically dense atomizing spray.
Increased Serum Uric Acid over five years is a Risk Factor for Developing Fatty Liver
Authors: Jensen Thomas , Niwa Koichiro , Hisatome Ichiro , Kanbay Mehmet , Andres-Hernando Ana , Roncal-Jimenez Carlos A. , Sato Yuka , Garcia Gabriela , Ohno Minoru , Lanaspa Miguel A. , Johnson Richard J. , Kuwabara Masanari
Published: July 2018

The prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) is increasing. To clarify risk factors for developing FLD, we analyzed a database from healthy Japanese adults who had annual medical check-ups in 2004 and reexamined in 2009. We used the fatty liver index (FLI) to classify participants as FLD (FLI ≥60), borderline FLD (30≤ FLI <60), and normal liver (FLI <30). Subjects with hepatitis B or C virus infection and subjects with FLD at the baseline were excluded. The cumulative incidence of FLD from normal liver and from borderline FLD over five years were 0.65% (52/8,025) and 12.9% (244/1,888), respectively. After multiple adjustments, higher serum uric acid (SUA) (OR:1.92; 95% CI:1.40–2.63) and increased SUA change (OR:3.734; 95% CI:2.57–5.42) became risk factors for developing FLD from normal liver, as well as younger age and higher body mass index. The risk factors for developing FLD from borderline FLD were similar. Not only higher baseline SUA but also increased SUA change became independent risks for developing FLD.
Beyond ritual bronzes: identifying multiple sources of highly radiogenic lead across Chinese history
Authors: Liu Ruiliang , Rawson Jessica , Pollard A. Mark
Published: July 2018

One of the greatest enigmas in the study of Bronze Age China is the source of highly radiogenic lead discovered in the copper-based objects of the Shang period (ca. 1500–1046 BC). Although being relatively rare in nature, such lead contributed over half of the lead consumed across a vast area from the Yellow River to the Yangtze. Identifying its source and supply network would significantly contribute to our understanding of how China achieved the largest metal production across Eurasia. The past thirty years of research have seen various proposals for the origin of this lead, including south-western China, the middle Yangtze River valley, the Qinling and Zhongtiao mountains, and even Africa. This paper attempts to illustrate the tempero-spatial pattern of this highly radiogenic lead using the largest possible databank. Furthermore, by going beyond the bronze data and investigating lead isotopes in non-metal objects, we confirm that multiple sources of highly radiogenic lead must have been used across Chinese history. In turn, this implies the feasibility of a multi-source model for the lead in the Shang bronzes.
An S-alkyl thiocarbamate-based biosensor for highly sensitive and selective detection of hypochlorous acid
Authors: Sun Jian , Feng Fude
Published: July 2018

An S-alkyl thiocarbamate bond in a caged fluorophore is selective to target hypochlorous acid but stable against Hg2+.
Target discovery of ebselen with a biotinylated probe
Authors: Chen Zhenzhen , Jiang Zhongyao , Chen Nan , Shi Qian , Tong Lili , Kong Fanpeng , Cheng Xiufen , Chen Hao , Wang Chu , Tang Bo
Published: July 2018

An activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) method for ebselen-binding proteins based on biotin-ebselen allowed for the robust identification of 462 targeted proteins, implicating multifunctional regulation of ebselen.
Construction of drug–drug conjugate supramolecular nanocarriers based on water-soluble pillar[6]arene for combination chemotherapy
Authors: Shao Wei , Liu Xin , Sun Guangping , Hu Xiao-Yu , Zhu Jun-Jie , Wang Leyong
Published: July 2018

Pillararene-based GSH-responsive drug–drug conjugate supramolecular prodrug nanocarriers have been successfully constructed for efficient combination chemotherapy.
High-resolution broadband sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy using intrapulse interference
Authors: Wang Yang , Ma Xiangyun , Wang Huijie , Chen Da , Chou Keng C. , Li Qifeng
Published: July 2018

Our reported II-SFG method can obtain high-resolution SFG vibrational spectra with a single femtosecond laser system.
Nonlinear optical responses of self-assembled monolayers functionalized with indolino–oxazolidine photoswitches
Authors: Tonnelé Claire , Pielak Kornelia , Deviers Jean , Muccioli Luca , Champagne Benoît , Castet Frédéric
Published: July 2018

The second harmonic generation responses of photoresponsive self-assembled monolayers based on indolino–oxazolidine derivatives are computed using a sequential MD/DFT approach.
Consequences of Mg2+ binding on the geometry and stability of RNA base pairs
Authors: Halder Antarip , Roy Rohit , Bhattacharyya Dhananjay , Mitra Abhijit
Published: July 2018

Quantum chemical calculations reveal the role of magnesium in stabilizing the geometries of intrinsically unstable RNA base pairs.
A hybrid hydrazine redox flow battery with a reversible electron acceptor
Authors: Varhade Swapnil , Bhat Zahid M. , Thimmappa Ravikumar , Devendrachari Mruthyunjayachari C. , Kottaichamy Alagar R. , Gautam Manu , Shafi Shahid P. , Kalegowda Yogesh , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam
Published: July 2018

The flow battery possesses outer-sphere catholyte driven by the simple carbon based electrodes with performance higher than Pt based DHFC.
Water-soluble superbulky (η6-p-cymene) ruthenium(ii) amine: an active catalyst in the oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids and the hydration of organonitriles
Authors: Nirmala Muthukumaran , Adinarayana Mannem , Ramesh Karupnaswamy , Maruthupandi Mannarsamy , Vaddamanu Moulali , Raju Gembali , Prabusankar Ganesan
Published: July 2018

Water-soluble superbulky (η6-p-cymene) ruthenium(ii) amine complex mediated oxidative homocoupling of arylboronic acids and the hydration of organonitriles are reported.
Cascade reactions of indigo with oxiranes and aziridines: efficient access to dihydropyrazinodiindoles and spiro-oxazocinodiindoles
Authors: Butler Nicholas M. , Hendra Rudi , Bremner John B. , Willis Anthony C. , Lucantoni Leonardo , Avery Vicky M. , Keller Paul A.
Published: July 2018

Cascade reactions of indigo with strained electrophiles affords access to previously unknown oxazocino, pyrazino, and diazepino diindoles with selective anti-plasmodial activity.
Metal-free multicomponent cascade reactions of homopropargylic amines and acyl chlorides as well as potassium thiocyanate and diiodine: an access to thiazine imides
Authors: Wu Jing , Kong Yuanfang , Liu Lingyan , Chang Weixing , Li Jing
Published: July 2018

A novel metal-free multicomponent cascade reaction was developed for the construction of thiazine imides.
Enhancing the mechanical performance of poly(ether ether ketone)/zinc oxide nanocomposites to provide promising biomaterials for trauma and orthopedic implants
Authors: Hao Linlin , Hu Ying , Zhang Yu , Wei Wenzhen , Hou Xiaochen , Guo Yiqiao , Hu Xiyu , Jiang Dong
Published: July 2018

Poly(ether ether ketone)/zinc oxide (PEEK/ZnO) composites were manufactured by using the injection molding technique.
Synthesis of dimethyl carbonate from CO2 and methanol over a hydrophobic Ce/SBA-15 catalyst
Authors: Pu Yanfeng , Xuan Keng , Wang Feng , Li Aixue , Zhao Ning , Xiao Fukui
Published: July 2018

A series of Ce/SBA-15 catalysts with different degrees of hydrophobicities were prepared via a post-grafting method and used for the direct synthesis of dimethyl carbonate (DMC) from CO2 and methanol.
Luminescence properties and energy transfer investigations of Ba2La2.85−xTb0.15Eux(SiO4)3F multicolor phosphor
Authors: Ma Xiaoxue , Liao Libing , Guo Qingfeng , Liu Haikun , Zhou Tianshuai , Mei Lefu
Published: July 2018

The developed phosphors can be accurately excited by 373 nm (n-UV) light and produce a gradient of colors.
Carbon aerogels with improved flexibility by sphere templating
Authors: Salihovic Miralem , Hüsing Nicola , Bernardi Johannes , Presser Volker , Elsaesser Michael S.
Published: July 2018

Using soft templating, mechanically reversible compressible resorcinol–formaldehyde aerogels can be converted into mechanically reversible compressible carbon aerogels with high surface area by carbonization in an inert atmosphere.
A simple method to improve the performance of perovskite light-emitting diodes via layer-by-layer spin-coating CsPbBr3 quantum dots
Authors: Li Bobo , Li Xiaomeng , Li Xia , Liu Haolin , Li Zhaonan , Xiang Guohong , Liu Yuhan , Zhou Taojie , Fang Xuan , Zhang Zhaoyu
Published: July 2018

Schematic diagram of perovskite LEDs and EQE–voltage curves of these devices.
Comparison of enhancement of anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge through adding nano-zero valent iron and zero valent iron
Authors: Wang Yayi , Wang Duanli , Fang Huiying
Published: July 2018

The feasibility of adding nano-zero valent iron to enhance anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge was studied by comparison with ZVI, and the mechanisms of NZVI enhancement of the hydrolysis and methanogenesis processes were elucidated.
Bis-phenylethynyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes: new high-temperature, processable thermosetting materials
Authors: Moore Levi M. J. , Zavala Jacob J. , Lamb Jason T. , Reams Josiah T. , Yandek Gregory R. , Guenthner Andrew J. , Haddad Timothy S. , Ghiassi Kamran B.
Published: July 2018

After thermal crosslinking, bis-phenylethynyl POSS exhibits 5% mass loss temperatures approaching 600 °C, the highest of reported POSS compounds.
Ratiometric Raman imaging reveals the new anti-cancer potential of lipid targeting drugs
Authors: Jamieson Lauren E. , Wetherill Corinna , Faulds Karen , Graham Duncan
Published: July 2018

A statistically meaningful ratiometric Raman imaging approach creates phenotypic barcodes to screen for anti-cancer potential of lipid targeting drugs.