bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-Evaluation of the “No Differences” Hypothesis concerning Gay and Lesbian Parenting as Assessed in Eight Early (1979–1986) and Four Later (1997–1998) Dissertations
Authors: Schumm Walter R.
Published: September 2010

Academic and policy effects of eight early dissertations on gay and lesbian parenting are discussed with a focus on their having been cited at least 234 times in over 50 literature reviews, beginning with Gottman in 1989 and 1990. Most literature reviews, referencing these eight early dissertations and agreeing with Gottman's early conclusions, have reiterated the theme that parenting by gay men or lesbians has outcomes no different than parenting by heterosexual parents. Here it is proposed that certain potential adverse findings may have been obscured by suppressor effects which could have been evaluated had multivariate analyses been implemented. Further, several adverse findings were detected by reanalyzing data where sufficient information was yet available. Some of the dissertations' results (absent controls for social desirability and other differences between homosexual and heterosexual parents) supported the 2001 “no differences” hypothesis discussed by Stacey and Biblarz. Yet, differences were also observed, including some evidence in more recent dissertations, suggesting that parental sexual orientation might be associated with children's later sexual orientation and adult attachment style, among other outcomes. Odds ratios associated with some of the apparent effects were substantial in magnitude as well as statistically significant. Also, more recent research on gay and lesbian parenting continues to be flawed by many of the same limitations as previous research in this area of study, including overlooked suppressor effects.
Functional and Dysfunctional Impulsivity in Childhood and Adolescence
Authors: Cosi Sandra , Morales-Vives Fabia , Canals Josepa , Lorenzo-Seva Urbano , Vigil-Colet Andreu
Published: September 2010

There are few self-reports of impulsivity dealing with children, although this personality trait has been related to many behaviour problems in both children and adolescents. The appropriateness of the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory for Children (DII-c) and the Dickman Impulsivity Inventory (DII) to measure impulsivity in children and adolescents was assessed. The factorial structure of the DII-c and the internal consistencies for both inventories suggest the measured dimensions are not consistent until adulthood. These self-report measures are not appropriate for children and adolescents.
Social Buffering in Rats: Prolactin Attenuation of Active Interaction
Authors: Insana Salvatore P. , Wilson Janie H.
Published: September 2010

Stress may result when the present environment is interpreted as threatening, and stress is known to increase the prolactin-secretory response. In the present study, rats ( N=83) were exposed to a conditioned-fear paradigm (environment paired with footshock), and on testing day, rats were exposed to the experimental chamber without shock while alone (Alone n= 16), with an object (Object n= 17), with a euthanized conspecific (Euthanized n = 16), or with a social partner (Social n = 19). The control group (Control n = 15) was exposed to the experimental chamber but was never shocked. The Control group had significantly lower levels of prolactin than the Alone, Object, and Euthanized groups; however, the Control group's levels of prolactin were not significantly different than that of the Social group, which was significantly lower than that for the Alone group. Social interaction decreased fear independent of the distraction provided by a stimulus in the chamber. Active touch appeared to be crucial for social buffering to occur.
Psychometric Properties of the Burden Inventory for Relatives of Persons with Psychotic Disturbances
Authors: Hjärthag Fredrik , Helldin Lars , Norlander Torsten
Published: September 2010

Earlier studies have shown that close relatives are heavily burdened when a family member has schizophrenia. The current purpose was twofold: (1) to examine the psychometric properties for a test of the burden of family members, one used in Swedish clinical practice (the Care Burden Scale for Relatives), and (2) develop a shortened version with the same or better psychometric properties. 99 close relatives, 34 men and 65 women of the same number of patients who had been diagnosed with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or delusional disorder, completed the Care Burden Scale for Relatives and a visual analog scale measuring perceived global burden on which the total burden was assessed. Patients of the close relatives were assessed on clinical tests often used in psychiatric care to validate the external criteria, such as severity of symptoms and level of functioning. The resulting version, the Burden Inventory for Relatives of persons with psychotic disturbances, showed good psychometric properties which simplifies data collection from relatives of patients with psychotic disturbances. In this study, relatives of those patients not in remission evinced a significantly greater family burden.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Adaptation of the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale-11-A for Children
Authors: Cosi Sandra , Vigil-Colet Andreu , Canals Josepa , Lorenzo-Seva Urbano
Published: September 2010

Given difficulty in having children assess their own behaviour, there are few self reports on child impulsivity. With the exception of Eysenck's 16 questionnaire, there are no self-report measures of impulsivity in children with good psychometric properties. The present study tested the possibility of using the adolescent version of the Barrati Impulsiveness Scale-11 with children. For this purpose the questionnaire was translated and backtranslated and administered to school children (182 boys and 195 girls) ages 8 to 12 years ( M = 10.4, SD = 0.9). The data were analysed by exploratory factor analysis, to evaluate the factorial structure of the questionnaire, the fit of the proposed solution, and internal consistency reliabilities. Results seem to indicate that this questionnaire may be useful in assessing impulsivity in children. The three-factor structure showed slight differences with the initial questionnaire proposed by Barratt and had good or sufficient internal consistency (depending upon the scale) across the 8- to 12-yr.-old age range.
Religion and Mythology in a Sample of Undergraduate Psychology of Women Courses
Authors: Taylor Christina J. , Galasso Rosemarie
Published: September 2010

The coverage of religion and mythology in undergraduate courses in the Psychology of Women was explored by (a) surveying a sample of undergraduate instructors ( N = 72); and (b) examining coverage in textbooks on the Psychology of Women ( N = 95). 48.6% of teachers said they include some coverage, while 43.1% said they never do. The total percentage of coverage in textbooks is small, ranging from a mean of 2.0% in the 1970s to 1.1% in the current decade.
Using the Knowledge-and-Appraisal Personality Architecture to Predict Self-Efficacy within Individual Persons
Authors: Wise James B.
Published: September 2010

The knowledge-and-appraisal personality architecture has potential as a theoretical framework for understanding the formation of self-efficacy in individuals. Two patterns were observed within 14 of 17 individual persons: a pattern of strong self-efficacy was displayed across outdoor recreation activities for which a self-descriptive attribute was viewed as an asset to successful performances, and a pattern of relatively weak self-efficacy was observed across outdoor recreation activities for which the same attribute was considered a hindrance to performances. Although the theory predicts self-efficacy within individuals, more research is needed to assess why the theory is not accurate in all cases.
Hope as a Predictor of Academic Performance
Authors: Buckelew Susan P. , Crittendon R. Scott , Butkovic Jessica D. , Price Katie B. , Hurst Michelle
Published: September 2010

This study was designed to assess whether the two subscales of the Hope Scale significantly predict semester grade point average (GPA), over and above American College Test (ACT) scores and Trait Anxiety (Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory.) The Hope Scale includes two subscales, goal-directed determinism (Agency) and the ability to plan ways to attain goals (Pathway). As predicated, scores on the Hope Scale correlated significantly with semester GPA. Scores on the Agency subscale correlated positively with semester GPA in this college sample, but not those on the Pathways subscale. Partial correlations retained the association of scores on the Agency subscale and GPA, even when intelligence (ACT scores) and anxiety (Trait Anxiety scores) were controlled. Implications are discussed.
Development of a Korean Version of a Core Self-Evaluations Scale
Authors: Holt Daniel T. , Jung Hee-Hyong
Published: September 2010

The present study tested a scale which measures core self-evaluation and was applied to two samples of Korean military members (Sample 1 N= 181; Sample 2 N = 280). Analysis indicated that seven items of the original 12-item scale developed by Judge, Erez, Bono, and Thoresen loaded on one factor and were internally consistent. Moreover, scores were correlated, as expected, with the four core traits which have been used as indirect measures of core self-evaluations ( viz., self-esteem, generalized self-efficacy, neuroticism, and locus of control), as well as affect and job satisfaction. In sum, results suggest that core self-evaluation can be measured validly in an Eastern culture, and the results should serve as a basis for extending this research in an international setting.
Faculty Perceptions of Undergraduate Students' Participation in Regional Psychology Conferences
Authors: Haines Courtney , Landrum R. Eric
Published: September 2010

Faculty responded to a survey regarding submission guidelines and decision making processes to regional psychology conferences for undergraduate students. Respondents' mean age was 52.2 yr. ( SD= 10.8), mean years of teaching experience was 22.5 ( SD= 10.7), and 49.7% were women. Analyses indicated that students should know submission guidelines and evaluative criteria prior to submission, but may not. Results are presented to provide feedback for faculty about the conference submission process.
The Crux of the Method: Assumptions in Ordinary Least Squares and Logistic Regression
Authors: Long Rebecca G.
Published: September 2010

Logistic regression has increasingly become the tool of choice when analyzing data with a binary dependent variable. While resources relating to the technique are widely available, clear discussions of why logistic regression should be used in place of ordinary least squares regression are difficult to find. The current paper compares and contrasts the assumptions of ordinary least squares with those of logistic regression and explains why logistic regression's looser assumptions make it adept at handling violations of the more important assumptions in ordinary least squares.
The Personality Dispositional Approach to Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment
Authors: Tziner Aharon , Waismal-Manor Ronit , Vardi Netanel , Brodman Adiel
Published: September 2010

The extent to which personality traits as defined by the Big Five model account for the unique variance in job satisfaction and organizational commitment was studied. Analyses of data obtained from 96 employees of two public institutions showed that 58 and 44% of the explained variance in job satisfaction and organizational commitment, respectively, were accounted for by factors in this personological framework.
Therapist Stress, Coping, Career Sustaining Behavior and the Working Alliance
Authors: Briggs Denise Broholm , Munley Patrick H.
Published: September 2010

Relations were examined among therapist stress, coping styles, career sustaining behaviors and therapist working alliance. 160 therapists completed a demographic questionnaire, a rating of stress experienced in work as a psychotherapist, a rating of stress experienced in work with an individual client, the Perceived Stress Scale, the Career Sustaining Behavior Questionnaire, the COPE, and the Working Alliance Inventory. After controlling for demographic and therapists' stress variables, and alternating entry of Career Sustaining Behavior and COPE scores in the regression model. Career Sustaining Behavior contributed significant variance to predicting working alliance, and COPE scores accounted for significant variance in working alliance with active coping a significant predictor. Career Sustaining Behavior and COPE scores entered together accounted for significant unique variance in Working Alliance with career sustaining behavior and avoidant coping identified as significant predictors.
Salivary Alpha Amylase Levels under Conditions of Extreme Examination Stress
Authors: Ng Vivian , Koh David , Wee Andrew
Published: September 2010

11 healthy adult graduate students were studied on two separate occasions 2 wk. apart at the same time of day. Self-rating of perceived stress and serial measurements of salivary alpha-amylase levels were performed at T1 = 15 min. before, T2 = 1 min. before, T3= 1 min. after, and T4= 15 min. after an event. The events were a highly stressful master's degree oral examination on the first occasion and 15 min. of typing on a computer on the second occasion as a control activity. A kinetic assay was used to estimate salivary alpha-amylase activity. Students rated higher stress on the oral examination day, and their salivary alpha-amylase activity was higher during the oral examination period than on the second less stressful control day.
Childhood Abuse Related to Nicotine, Illicit and Prescription Drug use by Women: Pilot Study
Authors: Pederson Cathy L. , Vanhorn Daniel R. , Wilson Josephine F. , Martorano Lisa M. , Venema Jana M. , Kennedy Sarah M.
Published: September 2010

A sample of 811 women ages 18 to 59 ( M = 26.0, SD=6.5) responded to an advertisement by telephone. Inquiries were made about childhood abuse status and adult use of alcohol, nicotine, and prescription and illicit drugs. Significant associations were noted for reported sexual, physical, and emotional childhood abuse with use of nicotine, marijuana, and antidepressants in adulthood. Reported childhood physical and emotional abuses were also significantly associated with use of cocaine and anxiolytics, and sexual abuse with antipsychotic use in adulthood. Only childhood emotional abuse was associated with the use of sleeping pills. Number of types of abuse was significantly related with use of nicotine, marijuana, cocaine, antidepressants, antipsychotics, and anxiolytics. Alcohol use was not related to any type of abuse. The long-term effects of childhood emotional abuse may be just as severe as physical or sexual abuse.
Resampling Permutation Probability Values for Weighted Kappa
Authors: Johnston Janis E. , Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: September 2010

A permutation algorithm and associated FORTRAN program are provided for resampling weighted kappa. Program RWK provides the weighted kappa test statistic and the resampling one-sided upper-tail probability value.
Random Assignment of Intervention Points in Two-Phase Single-Case Designs: Data-Division-Specific Distributions
Authors: Solanas Antonio , Sierra Vicenta , Quera Vicenç , Manolov Rumen
Published: September 2010

The present study explored the statistical properties of a randomization test based on the random assignment of the intervention point in a two-phase (AB) single-case design. The focus is on randomization distributions constructed with the values of the test statistic for all possible random assignments and used to obtain p values. The shape of those distributions is investigated for each specific data division defined by the moment in which the intervention is introduced. Another aim of the study consisted in testing the detection of inexistent effects (i.e., production of false alarms) in autocorrelated data series, in which the assumption of exchangeability between observations may be untenable. In this way, it was possible to compare nominal and empirical Type I error rates to obtain evidence on the statistical validity of the randomization test for each individual data division. The results suggest that, when either of the two phases has considerably fewer measurement times, Type I errors may be too probable and, hence, the decision-making process to be carried out by applied researchers may be jeopardized.
Justice, Leader-Member Exchange, and Job Performance: Are Their Relationships Mediated by Organizational Culture?
Authors: Tziner Aharon , Shultz Tamar , Fisher Tom
Published: September 2010

The hypothesis that organizational justice is linked to leader–member exchange, which in turn affects job performance, was examined. It was predicted that two dimensions of organizational culture, employee supportiveness and attention to detail, would affect both leader–member exchange and organizational justice. Results from a sample of 75 employees of a public service organization found solid support for the predicted model. Contrary to expectations, however, the two aspects of organizational culture were found to play a mediating role: they were affected by organizational justice and in turn affected leader–member exchange. The theoretical implications of the results are discussed.
Differences between Genuine and Simulated Suicide Notes
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2010

A text analysis of 33 pairs of genuine and simulated suicides indicated that simulated notes are less concerned with others, focus more on the reasons for their suicide, and use more negations (such as no and not).
Foot-in-the-Door Technique Using a Courtship Request: A Field Experiment
Authors: Guéguen Nicolas , Marchand Marie , Pascual Alexandre , Lourel Marcel
Published: September 2010

“Foot-in-the-door” is a well-known compliance technique which increases compliance to a request. Many investigations with this paradigm have generally used prosocial requests to test its effect. Evaluation of the effect of foot-in-the-door was carried out with a courtship request. 560 young women were solicited in the street to accept having a drink with a young male confederate. In the foot-in-the-door condition, before being solicited to have a drink, the young woman was asked to give directions to the confederate or to give him a light for his cigarette. Analysis showed foot-in-the-door was associated with greater compliance to the second request. The theoretical implication of such results with this nonprosocial request are discussed.
Spouse Selection: Important Criteria and Age Preferences of an Iranian Sample
Authors: Samani Siamak , Ryan Bruce A.
Published: September 2010

Importance of different criteria and age preference in spouse selection for single and married young Iranian adults was examined. The sample included 104 married (49 male. 55 female) and 112 single (51 male. 61 female) students. A 26- item scale developed for this study included 4 items related to demographic factors. 3 items on preferences for the ideal age of marriage, and 19 Likert-type items asking about criteria important for spouse selection. Analysis indicated that, in Iran, commitment, chastity, refinement, and health are four important criteria for spouse selection among male and female and single and married persons. Also, experience of marriage for married males may increase maturity, social prestige, family background, having a job, and age as criteria for choosing a spouse. On the other hand, marriage experience for females may decrease the importance of social skills, housekeeping, and autonomy for selecting a spouse.
Acculturation, Optimism, and Relatively Fewer Depression Symptoms among Mexican Immigrants and Mexican Americans
Authors: González Patricia , González Gerardo M.
Published: September 2010

The mental health of individuals of Mexican origin may vary as a function of native status (i.e., Mexican born or USA born). Some have reported that Mexican Americans tend to display more depressive symptoms than Mexican immigrants. The present goal was to estimate the associations among acculturation and native status, and explore relative deprivation in the prevalence of depression. Participants included 153 individuals of Mexican origin who completed the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans, the Beck Depression Inventory–II, the Revised Generalized Expectancy for Success Scale, and relative deprivation questions. Analyses indicated women and those scoring low on acculturation were significantly more likely to report depressive symptoms. Participants who felt they had relatively better family happiness than Euro-Americans reported lower depressive symptoms. So participants' sex, acculturation, and relative lack of depressive symptoms allow better understanding of depressive symptoms among these Mexican Americans and Mexican immigrants.
Effect of Desire to Have a Baby on Risk Acceptance in Turkish Infertile Women
Authors: Akyuz Aygul , Sever Neşe , Gürhan Nermın , Dede Murat , Göktolga ümıt
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to assess whether the desire to escape the psychological condition created by infertility (to have a baby) affected risk-taking behavior, with the possible relationship between ovarian cancer and infertility as the “accepted risk” to overcome infertility. 229 infertile and 204 fertile women who were patients at the Gulhane Military Medical Academy were administered a semistructured questionnaire. Increased ovarian cancer risk was accepted by 67.2% of the infertile women in order to have baby. There was no significant relation between the woman's age, duration of infertility, knowledge of the preventability and curability of ovarian cancer, or acceptable risk. These results indicate the importance to Turkish women of overcoming infertility.
Relationships between Myers-Briggs Type Indicator Measure of Psychological Type and Neo Measure of Big Five Personality Factors in Polish University Students: A Preliminary Cross-Cultural Comparison
Authors: Tobacyk Jerome J. , Livingston Mary M. , Robbins James E.
Published: September 2010

English-language versions of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Form G) measure of psychological type and the NEO-FFI measure of the Big Five personality factors were completed by 57 Polish university students fluent in the English language. The pattern of correlations between MBTI and NEO-FFI scales for the Polish sample was compared to the pattern of correlations for measures of these same constructs reported for Americans. Four of the five significant relationships between MBTI and NEO-FFI scales reported in the American sample were also recorded in the Polish sample: MBTI Extraversion-Introversion with NEO Extraversion, MBTI Sensing-Intuition and MBTI Judging-Perceiving with NEO-Openness, and MBTI Judging-Perceiving with NEO Conscientiousness. Pending replication with a larger, more representative sample, this preliminary study supports the validity of psychological type in Polish society.
Confidence in Judgments of Comparative, Own, and Average Person's Risk
Authors: Gold Ron S.
Published: September 2010

Unrealistic optimism is often assessed using a single question asking people to estimate their own risk compared to that of the average person like them. However, it has been proposed that such estimates of comparative risk are based mainly just on estimates of own risk. In two studies ( n = 80 and n = 65). students gave estimates of comparative, own, and average person's risk and rated their confidence in these estimates. Confidence was lower for estimates of average person's risk than for estimates of own and comparative risk, which were given with equal confidence. Results were in accord with the proposal that judgments of comparative risk derive principally from judgments of own risk.
Reasons French Drivers Gave for Committing or Refusing to Commit to Complying with Speed Limits at Rehabilitation Training Courses for Traffic-Regulation Offenders
Authors: Delhomme Patricia , Grenier Karine , Kreel Valérie
Published: September 2010

A mixed foot-in-the-door procedure was set up to lead offenders participating in French driver-rehabilitation training courses to commit to complying with speed limits. To improve this procedure, the reasons that led participants in such courses to commit or not were investigated in this preliminary study of the road safety research programs. The study participants were 89 men ( M= 34 yr., range = 18–64 yr., SD= 13) attending driver-rehabilitation courses. Among them. 55% committed. The commitment was mainly explained by the drivers' will to change their speeding behaviour and their refusal by the perceived positive consequences of speeding. Moreover, some participants stated that they would be unable to follow through with the commitment to comply strictly with speed limits. After talking to the participants, it became clear that complying with speed limits was understood in a more or less strict way. In subsequent studies, some of the reasons given were used to prompt group discussion before asking participants to commit, and the meaning of “compliance with speed limits” was better defined.
Evidence for Validity of the Revised Levinson and Sanford Anti-Semitism Scale
Authors: Askew John , Jones-Wiley D. Gabrielle , Morovati Diane R. , Lee Howard B.
Published: September 2010

Jones-Wiley, Restori, Lee, and Ho (2007) updated and re-estimated the reliability and construct validity of the 1944 Levinson and Sanford Anti-Semitism Scale. Criterion validity was not adequately supported, given the small number of Jewish and Muslim participants. Two separate studies were conducted, (1)a comparison of Jewish, Muslim, and Christian religious groups on the Anti-Semitism score and (2) the correlation of political preference with the Anti-Semitism scores of college students and local community members. These two studies provide evidence supportive of the criterion validity of the revised scale.
Comparison of Features of Social Problem-Solving Scripts across Three Groups: Educable Intellectually Disabled, Socially Poorly Adapted, and Socially Well-Adapted Students
Authors: Bashash Laaya , Latifian Morteza
Published: September 2010

The aim of this research was to compare the features of social problem-solving scripts across groups of students with different social problem-solving abilities, based on dynamic memory theory 54 (32 girls/22 boys) educable intellectually disabled students. 58 (32 girls/26 boys) socially poorly adapted students, and 50 (28 girls/22 boys) socially well-adapted students participated. The average ages for educable intellectually disabled, poorly adapted, and well-adapted students were 13.9 yr. ( SD = 1.7), 11.1 yr. ( SD= .6), and 11 yr. ( SD = .4), respectively. A semi-structured interview was designed. 14 social problems were proposed to each student. Results showed that the general features of the intermediate level of knowledge structure based on a hierarchical model of script theory are helpful in describing the differences among the groups regarding their “social problem-solving script.” In general, findings indicated that educable intellectually disabled students (segregated from the mainstream in Iran), compared to the other two groups of students, are less mature in their emotions, use ineffective self-regulation strategies, and have goals that are not constructive. Some educational recommendations are offered.
Effects of past Transgressions in an Induced Hypocrisy Paradigm
Authors: Fointiat Valérie , Morisot Vincent , Pakuszewski Muriel
Published: September 2010

Hypocrisy can be considered as a dissonance state expressed as a combination of two factors: commitment (advocating a pronormative position) and mindfulness (being aware of past transgressions). Such inconsistency between what people advocate and their past behaviors is usually reduced by modifying behaviors or behavioral intentions in line with normative advocacy. The aim of this study is to examine the conditions under which this set of behaviors (apparent hypocrisy) can occur. Specifically, the salience of the transgressions was manipulated: participants were led to recall 1 or 4 transgressions varying in severity (serious vs harmless). As expected, recalling 4 transgressions led to greater behavioral change than recalling only 1 transgression. Surprisingly, recalling 4 harmless transgressions induced greater behavioral change than recalling 4 serious transgressions.
Religiosity and Death Anxiety Using Non-Western Scales
Authors: Lester David , Abdel-Khalek Ahmed
Published: September 2010

In a sample of 43 male undergraduates, scores on religiosity in a Muslim context and death anxiety (Arabic Scale of Death Anxiety) were not associated.
Social Support and Suicide Risk among Secondary School Students in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Peltzer Karl
Published: September 2010

The aim of this study was to investigate social support including daily activities in a sample of secondary school students at low and high risk for suicide in Cape Town, South Africa. The sample included 1,157 students (Grade 9, 28.2%, Grade 10, 43.3%, and Grade 11, 28.4%); 30.9% were boys and 69.1% were girls, M age= 15.8 yr. ( SD= 1.6). The racial background was mainly Coloured (from mixed descent) (84.6%) with a minority of African Black (10.5%), White, (2.1%), and Indian/Asian (1.8%). Bivariate analyses showed Low Risk more than High Suicide Risk students reported significantly more teacher support, peer support, parental support, and personal control. Stepwise logistic regression indicated for boys none of the four social support variables and personal control associated with suicide risk, while for girls lack of peer and parental support were associated with high suicide risk. Among eight different activities, only for girls was lack of social activities associated with high suicide risk. Interventions influencing the posited mediating variables, i.e., social support resources and personal life skills competences, should be enhanced.
“Undecided” Responses on the Suicide Opinion Questionnaire
Authors: Lester David
Published: September 2010

Domino's Suicide Opinion Questionnaire was administered to 288 students, along with measures of attitudes and personality traits. The number of “undecided” responses was positively associated with death anxiety scores, suggesting this questionnaire might be improved by eliminating the “undecided” response option. The meaning of this response might be studied.
Anger and Associated Experiences of Sadness, Fear, Valence, Arousal, and Dominance Evoked by Visual Scenes
Authors: Javela José Julián , Mercadillo Roberto E. , Ramírez J. Martín
Published: September 2010

Anger is a basic emotion experienced in several aversive situations. In this study, the relation between Anger, Fear, and Sadness, as well as the dimensions of Valence, Arousal, and Dominance, were examined. It was hypothesized that pictures showing an Intention to Harm would evoke not only Anger, but also Fear and Sadness, and that this would be correlated with low Valence, high Arousal, and high Dominance. To this end, 45 healthy volunteers (25 women and 20 men; M age = 27.2 yr., SD = 9.5) recorded appraisals for each of these emotional experience while viewing 120 pictures selected from the International Affective Picture System. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model and a hierarchical classes approach to identify differences and correlations between emotional categories. Results indicate that those pictures showing Intention to Harm generate higher Anger and Fear, while pictures representing Frustration of Goals leads to higher Sadness. In addition, high Anger, Fear, and Sadness are associated with low Valence, moderate Arousal, and high Dominance. Same sex differences in emotional responses were also found. These findings suggest that the experience of Anger requires the inference of the other's mental and physical state and need the regulation of cognitive and affective systems acting together. The study of this emotion should consider both categorical and dimensional approaches in order to define its coherent features.
Visiting Santa: A Supplemental View
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: September 2010

Four recent informal successive yearly enquiries of the emotions of 1,050 children (total) immediately before their visit with Santa Claus at a shopping mall suggested that about 80% displayed facial expressions, judged by an observer, as indicating indifference. To investigate possible change in emotions of children immediately after their visit with Santa, this study was conducted in 2007. Of the 280 exiting children observed, about 60% appeared to be indifferent.
Important Subjective Life Experiences and Sense of Authenticity: Retrospective Survey among Japanese University Students
Authors: Ito Masaya , Kodama Masahiro
Published: September 2010

This study investigated the relation of important subjective life experiences with sense of authenticity for 238 Japanese university students who responded to the Sense of Authenticity Scale and provided free descriptions regarding their important life experiences. Analyses suggested a group with high scores on the Sense of Authenticity Scale tended to cite extracurricular activities as important life experiences, while those with low scores tended to cite cramming for examinations. Results were discussed in terms of interpersonal relationships.
Coping Styles for Trait Shame and Anxiety Intensity and Direction in Competitive Athletes
Authors: Partridge Julie A. , Wiggins Matthew S.
Published: September 2010

The purpose of the study was to assess if athletes who perceived their anxiety as debilitative to performance also scored higher on ratings of coping styles used to handle trait shame. The sample was comprised of 94 participants (males = 44, females = 50) ranging in age from 13 to 24 years ( M=18.8, SD = 23). Athletes in high school ( n = 21) and college ( n = 73) representing several sports were surveyed for this study. Competitive sport experience averaged 11 yr. ( SD = 3.9) overall. The Competitive Trait Anxiety Inventory–2D was given to collect general anxiety perceptions related to the athlete's specific sport. The Compass of Shame Scale-Sport was administered to measure coping styles for trait shame responses connected with competitive sport experiences. The athletes were divided into Facilitative ( n = 39) and Debilitative anxiety groups ( n=55) based on the overall direction of anxiety scores. Multivariate analysis of variance indicated no interaction, but did reveal significant main effects for sex and anxiety group. Univariate tests indicated significant differences for several of the shame and anxiety subscales based on sex and anxiety group.
On Suicides and Menstruation: A Comment on Dogra, et al. (2007)
Authors: Tusell Fernando
Published: September 2010

Dogra, et al. (2007) reported their findings on the relation of menstruation and suicide. Their data showed some peculiarities, so the matter requires further scrutiny as Dogra, et al. noted.
An Audit of Competency Assessments on Court-Referred Rape Survivors in South Africa
Authors: Pillay Anthony L.
Published: September 2010

This report concerns rape survivors with mental retardation referred by the courts for evaluation of their competencies to (i) provide testimony in court and (ii) consent to sexual intercourse. Being a relatively new area of work in South Africa, it seems important to document findings to (i) examine the challenges facing such rape survivors, (ii) inform quality improvement in this forensic mental health task, and (iii) inform and support advocacy programmes for this vulnerable group. Of 106 rape survivors referred by courts over a 3-yr. period, 91.5% were females, 21.7% were under 16 years of age, and over two-thirds were from rural communities. In 77.4% of the cases the alleged perpetrators were people they had previously seen in the community but had not befriended. Almost 80% were classified as showing Moderate or Severe Mental Retardation, and over 90% were able to testify. However, almost two-thirds were not able to make an informed decision to consent to sexual intercourse.
Relationship between Diary-Keeping and Tendencies toward Alexithymia and Rumination
Authors: Yukawa Shintaro
Published: September 2010

Relationships between diary-keeping and tendencies toward alexithymia and rumination were studied in 118 Japanese participants. Participants completed a questionnaire that assessed diary-keeping habits (both regular and Web diaries), alexithymia, and rumination. Individuals who wrote about their daily events epically (i.e., focusing on actions and events) in a regular diary considered both identifying and describing their feelings and controlling negative rumination to be less difficult than those who wrote lyrically (i.e., focusing on emotions). Those people who sometimes kept a diary on the Internet reported it was more difficult to both identify and describe their feelings and control negative rumination than those who did not write at all.
A Trend Analysis of Sexual Harassment Claims: 1992–2006
Authors: Cunningham George B. , Benavides-Espinoza Claudia
Published: September 2010

A trend analysis of sexual harassment claims made by women to the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission from 1992 to 2006 was conducted. Results show a sharp increase during the 1990s, followed by a decline in the 2000s. Regression analysis indicated that these differences were significant, explaining 84% of the variance. The observed trend followed the political climate, with more progressive social policies in the 1990s and a more conservative agenda in the 2000s.
Cross-National Study of the Correlation of General Population Suicide Rates with Unemployment Rates
Authors: Shah Ajit , Bhandarkar Ritesh
Published: September 2010

Individual and aggregate-level studies in at least seven countries have yielded significant positive correlations for suicide with unemployment, particularly for men of younger age groups. Unemployment may act as a stressful life event leading to suicide; however, the correlation of general population suicide rates with measures of unemployment in a cross-national study of 27 countries was not statistically significant, and the magnitude was small. To be certain, further data on unemployment rates would be needed for a larger number of countries, particularly with low income.
A Victim Typology of Sexual Harassment
Authors: Holcomb William R. , Holcomb Megan G.
Published: September 2010

A clinical sample of 20 sexual harassment victims who were successful in obtaining damage awards for trauma through the judicial system were sources of this descriptive study. Ratings of physical coercion of the harassment, MMPI–2 scores, and ratings on DSM–IV symptoms were analyzed. The majority of subjects met the DSM–IV criteria of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder. A cluster analysis identified four clusters of harassment victims, described as older-mature, younger-mature, anxious-guilty, and expressive-adaptive based on MMPI–2 scores and symptoms.
Aspects of Acculturation Stress among International Students Attending a University in the USA
Authors: Chavajay Pablo , Skowronek Jeffrey
Published: September 2010

Acculturation stress reported by 130 international students attending a university in Utah for about 2 yr. was examined. On the Acculturative Stress Scale for International Students, few students reported experiencing acculturation stress, but responses to four open-ended questions indicated many students perceived experience of acculturation stresses related to discrimination, feelings of loneliness, and academic concerns. The contrast of findings for the scale scores and the open-ended questions indicate the complexity of assessing international students' acculturation experiences of living and studying in the USA and suggest the usefulness of complementary methodologies for assessing such experience.
Individual, Demographic, and Family Correlates of Romantic Attachments in a Group of American Young Adults
Authors: Draper Thomas W. , Holman Thomas B. , Grandy Shannon R. , Blake Whitney W.
Published: September 2010

Relationship avoidance and anxiety scores were obtained for 590 American young adults ( M age = 23.1 yr.). Canonical correlation yielded two orthogonal patterns between the avoidance and anxiety scores with individual, demographic, and family variables. Relationship avoidance was most parsimoniously related to unresolved issues with one's family of origin, having been sexually abused, and being male (canonical correlation = .33). Relationship anxiety was most parsimoniously related to unresolved issues with one's family of origin, lack of personal income, having a strong libido, being young, and being female (canonical correlation = .25). Relationship avoidance was also correlated with not having affectionate and available parents, not having a secure and loving family, high parental conflict, low parental education and income, not having grown up with both parents, family violence, and low libido. Relationship anxiety was also correlated with low personal education. Marital status, ethnicity, and religious denomination were unrelated to either construct.
Orientation Program and Adaptation: Comment on Dilekmen
Authors: Aral Neriman
Published: September 2010

The effect of an orientation program on 110 students' adaptation to university life had a significantly higher mean, which indicated better adaptation by the group in the program but not by the group with no orientation.
Socioeconomic Stereotypes among Undergraduate College Students
Authors: Gilmore Amanda K. , Harris Paul B.
Published: September 2010

Classism, i.e., socioeconomic stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination that college students direct toward their peers, was examined. A sample of 53 undergraduate students (36 women and 17 men), ages 18 to 22 years ( M=19.0, SD = 1.2), were recruited from psychology courses. Utilizing a computer-administered questionnaire, participants were randomly assigned to rate a fictitious student whose family income was specified as among the lowest or highest at the college. Upper Income targets were rated as more sociable, judgmental, attractive, more likely to use alcohol and drugs, and more likely to belong to a fraternity or sorority. Lower Income targets were rated as more likable, agreeable, conscientious, intelligent, creative, and better able to maintain close friendships. Research directed toward the middle class could help fill a gap in the classism literature. Research on classism in higher education could clarify this potentially divisive issue among undergraduates.
Effects of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy on Recurrent Headaches in Iranian Culture
Authors: Mohammadi Nurallah , Sajadinejad Marzyeh S. , Taghavi Mohammad R. , Ashjazadeh Nahid
Published: September 2010

This study investigated effects of applying cognitive-behavioral group therapy on recurrent headaches. Among Shiraz University female students complaining of headaches, 20 patients, each reporting either migraine or tension-type headaches and who met the 1988 International Headache Society diagnosis criteria for migraine and tension-type headaches, formed two groups. Analysis showed cognitive-behavioral group therapy decreased headache index significantly. Therapeutic response patterns on dependent variables were similar for patients with migraines and those with tension-type headaches.
The Contributions of Hans-Dieter Rösler: Pioneer of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) Research
Authors: Voracek Martin , Dressler Stefan G. , Loibl Lisa Mariella
Published: September 2010

Over the past decade, the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D:4D), a putative biomarker for the organizational (permanent) effects of prenatal androgens on the human brain, body, and behavior, has received extensive research attention in psychology. This account makes more widely accessible the contributions of the German psychologist, Hans-Dieter Rösler, an early, for a long time unnoticed, predecessor of modern 2D:4D research. In the mid-1950s, Rösler collected a massive sample of hand outline drawings, totalling nearly 7,000 individuals, ranging in age from 1 mo. to 70 yr. With regard to the distal finger-extent pattern, Rösler differentiated radial (longer index than ring finger), ulnar (reversed pattern), and intermediate hand types, which reflect higher (more female-typical), lower (more male-typical), and intermediate 2D:4D, respectively. Here is summarized Rösler's research. In a series of investigations into the hand types, he reported on their anatomical bases, unsuitability for paternity testing, developmental changes, heritability, sex, side, and occupational group differences, and associations with left-handedness, manual dexterity, mental retardation, and clinodactyly. Based on new data from 313 male and 316 female adults, hand type is further shown to be only a weak proxy of actual 2D:4D, leaving 75% of the interindividual variation in 2D:4D unexplained. Notwithstanding these shortcomings of the hand-type method, Rösler's work from the 1950s still has the potential to inform modern 2D:4D research, as it contains a multitude of testable hypotheses not yet picked up by current research.
Discriminatory Attitudes: A Scale Development in Turkish
Authors: Gomleksiz Mufit , Poyrazli Senel , Vural Ruken Akar
Published: September 2010

This study presented the development of a reliable and valid scale, the Discriminatory Attitudes Scale, for use in research related to discrimination in a Turkish context. First, related literature was searched and a pool of 69 items was generated to cover the basic forms of discrimination. Then, data were collected from 840 college students and subjected to exploratory factor analysis with varimax rotation, leaving 21 items. Next, a confirmatory factor analysis was performed, which confirmed a 4-factor structure. These factors were named Discrimination Against Homosexuals, Discrimination Against Women, Discrimination Based on Race or Ethnicity and Religion, and Discrimination Against Foreigners. Correlational analyses with ratings from the Left–Right Orientation Scale, Cronbach coefficient alpha, and expert opinion provided evidence on validity and internal consistency and reliability of the Discriminatory Attitudes Scale.
Comparing Staff and Client Perceptions of Needs in a British Single-Sex Medium Secure Unit
Authors: Emmanuel Maisha K. , Campbell Michael H.
Published: September 2010

The Camberwell Assessment of Need-Forensic Research Version (CANFOR–R) was used to compare perceptions of total, met, and unmet needs of patients and clinical staff. Staff reported more total and met needs. There were no statistical differences in needs of Black-Caribbean, Asian, and White patients. This study underscores the importance of communication between patients and staff to identify and address needs.
Construct Validity of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire
Authors: Hamilton Richard J. , Akhter Selina
Published: September 2010

This study examined the construct validity of the motivational component of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire using both exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). 327 students enrolled in Bachelor of Education and Graduate Diploma Education courses at the University of Auckland participated in this study (278 women, 49 men). The results of the EPA did not generate support for either a six-factor or three-factor model. The CPA tested a six-factor correlated original model and a respecified model and found a good fit for the respecified model and a better fit of the original 31-item model in comparison with previous studies. In addition, alternative second-order and hierarchical models were tested, none of which showed better fit than the six-factor correlated models. The reasons for the lack of fit of the original model are discussed in light of nonnormality condition, specification error, and latent variables. Finally, possible explanations for the slight variation in patterns of subscale correlations are discussed.