bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inteligencia artificial en bibliotecas: oportunidades como usuarios, y posibles contribuciones
Authors: Eito Brun Ricardo
Published: June 2021

Breve descripción de la historia, evolución y progresos del uso de la Inteligencia Artificial en las bibliotecas.  Se exponen las posibilidades que existen actualmente para el uso de lA, algunas de las cuales no tienen un reflejo en las estrategias de las bibliotecas. Se analizan las pautas que establece la IFLA Statement on Libraries and Artificial Intelligence que considera la IA como medio de mejorar la recuperación de recursos, automatizar y crear servicios accesibles. Se revisan las iniciativas que se encuadran dentro de las dos grandes líneas de trabajo que recomienda la IFLA: trabajar conjuntamente con los desarrolladores e incluir en las competencias digitales del usuario.
SEDIC abierto
Authors: Naseiro Ramudo Ana
Published: June 2021

Actividades y noticias de SEDIC
Capital Market and Economic Growth in Nigeria: An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Gwaison Panan Danladi , Maimako Livinus Nkuri , Mwolchet Pokyes Shekara
Published: June 2021

The role of the capital market in the growth and development of any economy need not be over-emphasized. The capital market is a complex institution and mechanisms through which economic units desirous to invest their surplus fund, interact directly or through financial intermediaries with those who wish to procure funds for their businesses. The Nigerian capital market started operations in mid-1961 with eight stocks and equities; with about seven United Kingdom (UK) firms quoted on the Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) which had, at the same time, dual quotations on the London Stock Exchange. This study examined the impact of the capital market on economic growth in Nigeria from 1981 to 2018. The expo facto research design was adopted for this study. The time-series data for the study were sourced from CBN statistical bulletin. Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) was used with the aid of e-view 10 software. The ARDL Bounds test revealed the existence of a long-run relationship among the variables. The result revealed that market capitalization has positive and insignificant effects on economic growth both in the short and long run. There is unidirectional causality among the variables.  The study recommended that regulatory authorities should restore confidence in the market by ensuring transparency and fair trading dealings and transactions in the market to enhance economic growth. There should be an improvement in the moribund market capitalization, by encouraging more foreign investors to participate in the market, maintain a state of the art technology like automated trading and settlement practices, electronic fund clearance, and eliminate physical transfer of shares.
Financial difficulty of Banking management during COVID 19 in Bangladesh
Authors: Bari Md. Saiful
Published: June 2021

Findings point out that the savings rating operations and performances of private business Banks have outperformed these of state-owned industrial banks. The mortgage disbursement techniques of state-owned industrial banks have been now no longer efficient ample to reap required recuperation target. Furthermore, it has additionally been found that the state-owned business banks are increased in all likelihood to be affected via using each and every of the contributory factors a long way larger adversely than non-public business banks. Effective use of company governance, maintaining transparency and accountability in all respect, environment friendly financial savings risk management, bettering managerial efficiency, profitable privatization, lessening political interference and adapting contemporary technological changes, would possibly also enhance the well-known personal loan trouble scenario of state-owned industrial banking region of Bangladesh. Countries throughout the worldwide are going through a risk of an outright disintegration as international supply chain is almost dismantled. Labor mobility too is impeded as human beings are locked down at their homes. Business enterprises, small and large, are each shutdown or closed for an indefinite period. Uncertainties are mounting as households and businesses are dealing with liquidity crisis. The key elements that have been enduring the credit score hassle (i.e. non-performing loans) had been reviewed rigorously. Contributory factors such as: corporate governance, savings management, financial savings regulations, and the degree of political interference had been identified. The first-rate direction of action is that Bangladesh Bank orchestrates a good-sized economic growth focused on repo price of four percentages and lending charge in the range of 5-8 percent.
Problem Doktrin Keagamaan Dan Fundamentalisme Dalam Membangun Budaya Multikultural
Authors: Mikail Kiki
Published: June 2021

Religious teachings always teach and want peace and prosperity for every human being, both life in this world and in the hereafter. However, in social reality, it is found in behavior as well as limited discourse and understanding, attitudes that are counter peace and welfare. Truth claims and absolute validity are often used as a basis for legitimacy to aggress the beliefs of other religions.
Pembuatan Cairan Desinfektan dalam Peran serta Penanganan Covid-19 Berdasarkan Instruksi Presiden Nomor 4 Tahun 2020 Bersama PCM Kramat Jati dan Pemuda Muhammadiyah DKI Jakarta
Authors: Miharja Marjan , Myharto Wiend Sakti , Handalya Yastuty , Salim Emil , Hendrawan Anggoro , Hidayat Ryan , Pah Jean Magtel , Yahya B. Mayang Maharani
Published: June 2021

The spread of Covid-19 has become one of the people's concerns, starting in the city of Wuhan, China at the end of 2019 when this virus was discovered, the spread of the virus that the antidote has not yet been found is now out of control. More than 200 countries in the world have reported that their people have contracted the Covid-19 virus. Corona Virus Disease 19 has been declared a Global Public Health Emergency by the World Health Organization (WHO) on January 30, 2020. Conditions in Indonesia until Thursday, November 30, 2020, the number of residents who tested positive for Covid-19 reached 538,883 cases, 450,518 people recovered and 16,945 of them died. This figure will continue to increase in line with the opinion of some epidemiologists and statistics that a pandemic outbreak will not end quickly. The purpose of this community service activity is to realize one of the contents of Presidential Instruction Number 4 of 2020, namely "Rrefocussing activities, reallocation of budgets and procurement of goods and services in order to accelerate the handling of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)", namely by making and distributing fluids. Disinfectant that is safe and environmentally friendly and recommended by the BPOM and the World Health Organization (WHO) to help people face the New Normal era. The result of this service activity is a disinfectant liquid that is safe and environmentally friendly and able to anticipate the spread of covid-19 and increase public awareness of the Covid-19 Virus in the face of the New Normal era.
Biocarbón de cáscaras de semilla de palma aceitera enriquecido en biol de estiércol para mejorar suelos sobre pastoreados
Authors: LOZANO REÁTEGUI RONALD MARLON , ALEGRE ORIHUELA JULIO CÉSAR , VELAZCO CASTRO ENA VILMA , MENDOZA CARLOS MARIANO MAGDALENO , NIETO ITURRI WILDER GENRY
Published: June 2021

Las agroindustrias de aceite de palma aceitera en Pucallpa, están generando como residuos, cáscaras de semillas (cuescos) de palma (Elaeis guineensis) contaminando el suelo; la crianza de ganado vacuno, genera estiércol (vacaza) que produce gases contaminantes del aire; y, el deterioro de suelos por sobrepastoreo, son problemas ambientales que necesitan soluciones viables. La presente investigación buscó mejorar las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los suelos degradados por sobrepastoreo, aplicando biocarbón fabricado de cuescos por pirólisis y enriquecido en biol de vaca elaborado por fermentación anaeróbica. La metodología comprendió un diseño DBCA con un control (T0) y 3 tratamientos (T1, T2, T3), con 5, 10 y 15 t h-1 de biocarbón enriquecido respectivamente, asignados aleatoriamente por triplicado a 16 unidades experimentales de 2,4 m por 5,0 m (12 m2) cada una, contenidas en cuatro bloques. El análisis estadístico comprendió la prueba Shapiro-Wilks y Levene, también Tukey y Friedman. Los resultados para pH, Materia orgánica, Densidad aparente, Capacidad de Intercambio Catiónico y Nitrógeno no resultaron significativos (p > 0,05), en cambio el Fósforo con T3 y Potasio con T2, si mostraron diferencia significativa (p < 0,05) para mejorar las características fisicoquímicas de los suelos sobre pastoreados por aplicación de biocarbón enriquecido con biol de vacaza.
Práctica docente en la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura en una realidad peruana
Authors: CHIPANA LOMA NOEMI MAGALY , LEDESMA CUADROS MILDRED JÉNICA
Published: June 2021

El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar las diferencias que existen en los factores que intervienen en la práctica pedagógica docente en la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura en una realidad peruana. La investigación fue cuantitativa, porque requiere una medición precisa de la variable en estudio, su diseño no experimental de nivel descriptivo comparativo, la población estuvo constituida por 290 docentes de educación primaria de Lima Este y la muestra representada por 114, siendo el muestreo probabilístico; la técnica utilizada fue la encuesta y el instrumento un cuestionario el cual contenía 40 ítems (escala de Likert) que se aplicó a través de formulario Google. Los resultados según la Prueba de Friedman y la prueba de U de Mann-Whitney dan muestra que en los factores: planeación, intervención y evaluación; que intervienen en la práctica docente en la enseñanza de la lectura y la escritura no existe diferencias estadísticas significativas.
Influence of varieties and spacing on yield and quality of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.)
Authors: KUMAR PRADEEP
Published: June 2021

A field experiment was undertaken at B.B.A. University, Lucknow (UP) during rabi season to study the effect of varieties and spacings on yield and quality characters of sprouting broccoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. italica Plenck). Four varieties viz. V1- Pusa Broccoli KTS-1, V2-Palam Kanchan , V3-Palam Vichitra , V4-Palam Samridhi and four spacings viz.- S1- 60x45 cm, S2 - 60×30 cm, S3 - 45×45 cm, S4 - 45×30 cm were evaluated in factorial randomized block design with three replications. Among the varieties, Pusa Broccoli KTS-1had takenearliest days for curd initiation (47.9) and day taken to curd harvest after curd initiation (22.5). Variety Pusa Broccoli KTS-1 significantly produced the highest curd diameter (118.9 mm),weight of curd with gourd leaf(0.9kg), weight of curd without gourd leaf (0.4 kg), yield (24.5 tha-1),ascorbic acid (79.1 mg/100g) and total soluble solids (8.5oBrix). On the other hand, minimum values of these parameters were recorded in Pusa Samridhi. Spacing of 60x45 cm took minimum days (48.9) for curd initiation, (22.5) and days taken to curd harvest after curd initiation. Maximum curd diameter (116.8 mm), weight of curd with gourd leaf (0.9 kg), weight of curd without gourd leaf (0.4 kg) were recorded in 60x45 cm spacing. Quality parameters were also markedly affected with variety Pusa Broccoli KTS-1 and spacing 60x45 cm and relatively higher value of vitamin C (79.9 mg/100g) and total soluble solids (8.80Brix) were recorded under V1S1 treatment.
Regeneration of Articular Cartilage Using Injectable Hybrid Polymer Hydrogel Incorporated With Nanoparticles
Authors: Ruhina T. , Begum N. Mahdhia , Padmavathi S. , Sahanajith I. , Babu K. Karthick
Published: June 2021

Cartilage damage is still a threat to human beings, yet there is currently no treatment available to fully restore the function of cartilage. Recently, due to their unique structures and properties, injectable hydrogels have been widely studied and have exhibited high potential for applications in therapeutic areas, especially in cartilage repair. In this review, briefly introduce the properties of cartilage, some articular cartilage injuries, and now available treatment strategies. Afterwards,the functional and fundamental requirements of injectable hydrogels in cartilage tissue engineering, as well as the main advantages of injectable hydrogels as a therapy for cartilage damage, including strong plasticity and excellent biocompatibility. Moreover, we comprehensively summarize the polymers, cells, and bioactive molecules regularly used in the fabrication of injectable hydrogel, with two kinds of gelation, i.e., physical and chemical crosslinking, which ensure the excellence design of injectable hydrogels for cartilage repair. We also include the novel hybrid injectable hydrogel incorporated with nanoparticles. Finally, we conclude with the advances of this clinical application and the challenges of injectable hydrogels used in cartilage.
Gesture-Based Smart Switch
Authors: Benkar Archana , Duduskar Abhishek , Gandhamwar Shivani , More Prof. P. A.
Published: June 2021

The project aims at making old/dum electric appliances smart for controlling remotely for easy and touchless/contactless operations via software operations. As in this era of covid-19, a button is the most common interface to interact with the digital world. It could be as simple as a light/fan switch. So our Smart Switch box can be used to replace the existing switches in home which produces sparks and results in fire accidents in a few situations. Considering the advantages of Wi-Fi, an advanced automation system was developed to control the appliances in the house.
Comparing Texas Principal and Agricultural Education Teacher Perceptions of the Importance of Teaching Activities in Agricultural Education Programs
Authors: Doss William , Rayfield John
Published: June 2021

The relationship between school administrators and agricultural education teachers has historically been considered to be important. Past studies have indicated mixed results when comparing principal and teacher perceptions of the importance of agricultural education teaching activities. Agreement between both parties and support from the principal is important to overall student achievement according to educational leadership theory. With the gap in time since previous research on the topic, a comparison of principal and teacher perceptions of teaching activities in agricultural education was conducted. Findings included significant differences in principal and teacher opinions of the importance of lesson planning, filing local reports and keeping records, conducting parent/teacher conferences, and teaching agribusiness courses. Recommendations included continued communication on topics of disagreement and inclusion of administrators in agricultural program activities that highlight student achievement.
School-based Agricultural Education Teachers’ Experiences During a Year-long Field Test of the CASE Mechanical Systems in Agriculture (MSA) Curriculum
Authors: Wells Trent , Hainline Mark S. , Smalley Scott W. , Chumbley Steven "Boot"
Published: June 2021

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) applications have become increasingly more commonplace in school-based agricultural education (SBAE) settings in the past few decades. In recent years, Curriculum for Agricultural Science Education (CASE) programming has provided a practical outlet for STEM-focused, inquiry-based teaching and learning activities. The CASE Mechanical Systems in Agriculture (MSA) course was recently field-tested nationally with several SBAE teachers. Framed within Rogers’ (2003) diffusion of innovations theory, we sought to study six teachers’ experiences when implementing the CASE MSA curriculum throughout the 2018-2019 academic year. Using qualitative research methods, we conducted multiple one-on-one interviews with each SBAE teacher at different parts of their respective academic years. Data were coded in accordance with Merriam’s (2009) recommendations. Four dominant themes emerged: (1) the journey toward innovation; (2) learning as you go; (3) logistical and implementation challenges; and (4) students’ needs and preferences. Several prominent sub-themes emerged as well. Our findings highlight that although challenges existed, the CASE MSA curriculum was suitable for enhancing the rigor and relevance of these teachers’ agricultural mechanics curricula. We recommend CASE MSA curriculum stakeholders collaborate to continuously improve its design and flexibility.
Grafinscripties
Authors: van Nijf Onno
Published: June 2021

This article offers a brief introduction to the most frequent type of inscription: funerary inscriptions or epitaphs. The article offers a chronological overview from the Archaic period to late Antiquity, with an emphasis on Athens. It opens with a brief discussion of the archaeological and ritual contexts in which funerary inscriptions were set up, followed by a discussion of archaic epigrams and the social strategies that lay behind them. This is followed by a discussion of public and private graves that shows how epigraphic habits changed over time. The article continues with a discussion of funerary epigraphic habits outside Athens and closes with a few examples of Christian epitaphs.
De ethiek van het onderwijzersberoep rond 1900
Authors: van Oenen Saskia
Published: June 2021

The ethics of the teaching profession around 1900

Around 1900, lively discussions arose on the teaching profession and its ethics, in remarkable simularity to actual discussions on this subject. Was the best education to be seen as moral education, whether and how in combination with the cognitive basics; and on the outcome of that, what kind of teacher qualities were to be required, and how to be developed? Disputes hereon were mixed with the pressing question: must pedagogical quality be defined and prescribed by scientific reasoning, or by teachers themselves on their own terms and insights?

This article compares three positions in these discussions, traced in then influential pedagogical journals: Herbart-followers, as defenders of science based teacher quality; their fierce adversaries in the upcoming teacher union, led by Theo Thijssen; and educational reformers striving for nuanced or deliberatly doubting viewpoints on all this. This third position was favoured by Jan Ligthart and other authors in the journal he drifted.

Interestingly, all parties declared the teachers personality of the uppermost importance for educational quality. In Thijssens circle however, this personality was depicted as a real male, autonomously leading his classroom without ethical fuss. While around Ligthart, good teachership sprang from the capacity to empathize with pupils – including their unwillingness to be educated – but enriched by self-insight in ones own personal development, with the inevitable conflicts and doubts thereabouts. This perspective, gradually growing in Ligtharts writings, was otherwise mostly expressed by female authors. The article leads to persistently awkward discussion points, including gender questions, regarding the teaching profession.
Politieke pedagogiek
Authors: van IJzendoorn Marinus
Published: June 2021

Political pedagogy: In search for predictors of susceptibility to antidemocratic orientations

The traditional movement toward educational reform at the beginning of the last century emphasized the individual child and his or her experiential world. The current paper addresses the question why reform schools such as Rudolf Steiner’s Waldorf schools could easily be incorporated in the National-Socialist political movement in the thirties of the last century. After the Second World War the crucial issue for pedagogues and educators was how children could be guided to become less susceptible to the ideological temptations of Nazism and of totalitarianism in general. The initiators of the Frankfurter Schule (Horkheimer, Adorno) focussed on psychoanalytic determinants of vulnerability for this totalitarian seduction and introduced the concept of ‘the authoritarian personality’.

Instead of psychoanalysis we use here Piaget’s and Kohlberg’s theory and research on moral development to address this same question of susceptibility to anti-democratic racist, sexist, militarist and nationalist movements, following pathfinding work of the second generation Frankfurters Habermas and Lempert. Social-psychological experiments and cultural anthropological studies are consulted to examine what role social-cultural context plays. In most social settings people can be easily nudged into conformism and thus triggered into uncritical acceptance of authoritarian leadership. Individuals with some resilience against such pressures might be characterised with a high level of moral reasoning. Some studies linking moral argumentation to political orientation suggest ways in which a ‘political pedagogy’ might contribute to harnessing such findings for anti-fascist educational applications.
Basisvorming voor iedereen?
Authors: Terwel Jan
Published: June 2021

Individual differences and the common curriculum

This article deals with the issue of individual differences and the common curriculum for 12-16 year old pupils. The central question is: is it possible to maintain high standards for all without reducing opportunities for brighter pupils to achieve educational results according to their individual potential? To answer this question, three research traditions are examined: research about the West-German comprehensive schools; research about class composition; research about effective teaching and Aptitude Treatment Interaction. The conclusion from this examination is that it is difficult to combine high standards for all and excellence for a few.
Delfland in 1200. Een gereconstrueerde hoogtekaart
Authors: Nonhof Cor
Published: June 2021

Delfland in 1200. A reconstructed elevation map

In this study, a proxy is presented for the height of the land above sea level in the past. The height is calculated for the area of the Hoogheemraadschap (water board) of Delfland in the year 1200, based on the changes in the water table in the polders over time. Since 1865, this water table is presented in the Waterschapskaart of the Netherlands, which has seen f ive updates and is now replaced by maps of the individual water boards. These six measurements over a period of 155 years are used to calculate the rate of subsidence of the soil. Together with the present height of the water table above sea level, it is possible to extrapolate back in time to the year 1200. Such an extrapolation well outside the measurement area must be regarded with caution and the quantitative results are compared with expectations based on known geophysical processes in peat and clay soils and the history of the area. The calculated relief in 1200 matches with the expectancies based on the geographical survey of the area. As expected, the f irst dykes along the estuary were merely ment to ward off extreme high water in the summertime when wheat had to be protected against salt water. The clay soils are calculated to lay extremely f lat from the river to 20 kilometre inland. This allows for the observed linear flow of the rivers. According to the calculation, the height of the land above sea level is such that storm surges are expected to reach inland on only rare occasions. This is substantiated by the observation that farms are built on platforms of only a few decimetres in height.

The method has proved its worth for an area the size of Delfland, where statistically significant results may be obtained due to the number of measurements. However, for results on a smaller scale the method is not sensitive enough.
Heat Illness Prevention in the Outdoor Workplace
Authors: Asher M.S Tyler D. , McAndrew Ian
Published: June 2021

In the construction industry a large amount of work is completed outdoors where the sun may expose or heat up rooms that can affect employees while working. This research will recognize how companies combat with heat illness and heat prevention methods to keep employees healthy and safe while working in high temperatures. Each year in the United States thousands of employees fall ill to heat related illnesses, stem from heat rash to heat stroke, which can be fatal, if not treated properly. Research will examine what standards are required by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) and how many participants companies currently abide by those standards. Every day that employees who work outdoors or in high temperature facilities go without proper training and education about heat stress, the number of cases will rise and more will become ill to heat related complications. This study will give prevention methods to help keep American workers safe.
Multi-Agent based Capital Market Management System: A Distributed Framework for Trading and Regulation
Authors: Kabir Ahmed Muhammed , Ali Aliyuda , Aminu Ali Ahmad , Ibrahim Hassan
Published: June 2021

Stock Market plays a vital role in the economy of every nation. Having a transparent market may boost the confidence of not only stock brokers but also that of investors. One of the major problems that make investors to shy away from the market is lack of transparency. Another Problem which affect the market regulators is the lack of a system that enable them to check for compliance easily. In this work, an agent based distributed framework is presented. The idea behind the proposed system is that having one system that will serve all the market stake holders will guaranty strict compliance to the market rules, easier to manage and difficult manipulate by the market operators. The implementation of the proposed system followed Multi-Agent Software Engineering (MaSE) Methodology. The evaluation of the system show that, the distributed system developed using Java Agent Development Framework (JADE) is capable of addressing problems of reliability, compliance and transparency.
Predefined Project Scope Changes and its Causes for Project Success
Authors: Althiyabi Theyab , Qureshi Rizwan
Published: June 2021

In project management, the project scope is the base of significant project planning processes such as estimating the cost, schedule and building work breakdown structure. Poor project scope definition directly affects project cost and schedule. Accordingly, dealing with unrealistic scope definition of cost and schedule may lead to failing a project. Besides, changes in project scope have a negative and positive impact on project success. This paper aims to predefine the potential scope changes to keep the project scope on track and identify any weakness in scope definition at the early stages of a project. Enhancing project scope quality has a massive impact on the success of a project and it adds more control over project scope. A method is proposed to improve the quality of project scope and increase the efficiency of controlling scope changes. The proposed method will help to avoid scope creeping by defining a clear statement of work, increase the learning opportunities of the development team to optimize its processes, reducing the communication gap between the clients and development team and screen adjustments of new tasks. The proposed method is validated using a survey and the results are found encouraging.
The impact of women in Yemen on political and cultural life (Women of the Apostolic Court as a Model)
Authors:   م. انغام عادل جياد السعيدي, ALSAEEDI ANGHAM
Published: June 2021

Throughout the ages, women had a direct and clear influence in the life of men first and society second, regardless of their different roles and the extent of their influence on those around them, especially in the political, cultural and urban spheres. Between mosques, schools, endowments, linkages, etc, in addition to their role in political life and the developments and events they have brought about that changed the course of Yemeni history. Key words: Women، Yemen ، Women ، The Apostolic Court
The reality of Iraqi rural women and ways to empower them
Authors:   م.د. سحر طارق محمود الرحيم, MAHMOOD SAHAR
Published: June 2021

Rural women, the cornerstone of building a good family, play a special role in promoting rural agricultural development, improving food security and eradicating poverty. By empowering women, women are able to recognize their situation, gain skill, experience and develop themselves. In addition to their ability to perform all roles of high societal value, whether in the political, legislative, legal, educational, economic or health, Through the concept of gender and empowerment and its three reproductive and social, political, health and decision- making processes Three topics, The first topic included general concepts and demography of women in Iraq. The research dealt with The second study dealt with the problems faced by Iraqi rural women. The third topic dealt either the conclusions or recommendations concerning the needs of Iraqi rural women, ways to improve their situation, empower them and achieve national development. Keywords: rural , rural women , rural poverty , development , Empowering rural women, Sustainability .
Drugs and their impact on the individual and society
Authors:   أ.م انتصار زين العابدين شهباز	م. م. انتصار معاني الساعدي, SHAHBAZ INTISAR
Published: June 2021

Abstract The problem of drug addiction for individuals, especially young people, is one of the most dangerous pests that cause many problems in various health, social and psychological aspects facing every society, but rather the whole world. The phenomenon of drug addiction often leaves individuals with dangerous negative effects on their behavior, whether towards themselves or towards others, and this requires the relevant institutions to strive for important and constructive solutions to reform such individuals, and then rid them of their negative behaviors, rehabilitate them and integrate them into society, to become active and effective individuals through their adoption of positive behaviors that are acceptable in line with the values, customs and traditions of their societies to which they belong. Therefore, our current study came to shed light on the most important effects resulting from the phenomenon of drug addiction among individuals through achieving the two research objectives which seek to know: 1- Causes of addiction to drug use among individuals 2- The effect of drug abuse on society. Upon verifying the two research objectives by relying on the analytical method of literature and previous studies, the two researchers reached the following results: First - The most important causes of youth addiction to drugs are poverty, begging, loss of one or both parents, the presence of a criminal in his family, invalid education and other various phenomena and deviations. Second - The symptoms of drug addiction push the addicted person to adopt deviant behaviors, as well as afflicting the addicted individual to psychological and mental pressures, and then afflicting his family with chronic diseases, in addition to the family breakdown occurring in the homes of drug addicts. Key words: drugs; Drug effect; The individual and society.
Estudio critico de la Traducción literaria: Problemas y soluciones
Authors: NASER ESAM
Published: June 2021

En este trabajo de investigación titulado, tratamos las bases científicas necesarias que debe seguir un crítico competente a la hora de elaborar un proceso critico extenso y preciso de las traducciones literarias de forma satisfactoria, teniendo en consideración mostrar los aspectos tanto lingüísticos como los extralingüísticos del texto original en comparación con el de meta. Actualmente el proceso crítico de las traducciones literarias se pone más importante a fin de aclarar posiciones débiles y de fuerza a las obras literarias y a sus traducciones. Palabras claves: Crítica, Traducción literaria, Problemas, Soluciones
Gender relations within the so-called Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (ISIS)
Authors:   أ.م.د. اسماء جميل رشيد, RASHEED ASMAA
Published: June 2021

In June 2014, fighters belonging to an extremist group calling itself (ISIS) and nicknamed (ISIS) invaded the city of Mosul, the second largest Iraqi governorate, and announced the establishment of the Islamic Islamic Caliphate, which lasted until 2017. ISIS's control spread values related to the isolation of women and a hierarchical vision of the relationship between the sexes that works to reinforce and consecrate male domination and places women in a lower position. Several mechanisms have been adopted with the aim of returning women to the private sphere and keeping them at home, including the imposition of legal dress and preventing women from going out except with a mahram, and the rule of hisbah and penalties. The current study aims to provide an understanding of the laws and ideology governing gender relations within societies that ISIS has controlled for more than two years. It addresses three main issues, including the harassment of women, the attempt to control their bodies, and the monitoring and punishment mechanisms that were practiced on women. And the roles of women in societies dominated by the organization, and the issue of marriage. The study relied on testimonies and interviews conducted with a number of women who lived through ISIS rule in Mosul, Salah al-Din and Fallujah. In addition to reports issued by international organizations and documents published on the Internet and news circulated, which gave the information obtained more reliability. Key words: Iraq, ISIS, women, isolation, punishment, roles, marriage
Quimioterapia de rescate basada en brentuximab en linfoma Hodgkin y linfomas no Hodgkin de células T.
Authors: Enciso Leonardo , Patiño Bonell , Arévalo Mónica , Díaz Martha , Martínez Humberto , Spirko Paola , Otero Diana
Published: June 2021

Introducción: describir los resultados del tratamiento con brentuximab vedotin (BV) en el tratamiento de rescate de linfoma Hodgkin (LH), linfomas de células T (LCTP) y linfoma de la zona gris (LZG), y como estrategia de consolidación luego de trasplante autólogo (TA). Métodos: estudio descriptivo tipo serie de casos. Pacientes mayores de 18 años con diagnóstico de LCTP de cualquier subtipo y LH con al menos un ciclo de tratamiento con BV. Todos los análisis fueron realizados en los paquetes estadísticos R (versión 3.4.3) y Stata 15. Resultados: un total de 196 ciclos de brentuximab se administró en 27 pacientes. El 70,37% eran hombres. La mediana de edad fue 30,8 años. El 70,37% tenía diagnóstico de LH. El tiempo desde el diagnóstico hasta el inicio del brentuximab fue de 3,99 años, con un promedio de 3,16 líneas previas. Nueve pacientes recibieron brentuximab como consolidación pos-TA. El BV se usó como monoterapia en 21 pacientes (77,8%) y en 6 en combinación con bendamustine, estos últimos todos con LH. El 14,81% requirió al menos una hospitalización por complicaciones. La respuesta global fue del 41,17%. La mediana de supervivencia libre de progresión fue de 2,38 años (IC95% 1,24 - NR). La supervivencia global no fue alcanzada con una mediana de seguimiento de 30 meses. El 33,3% precisó un nuevo tratamiento. Conclusión: la terapia con BV es segura, con buenas tasas de respuesta, incluso con múltiples líneas de tratamiento previas. Se observan mejores desenlaces en los pacientes que son llevados a TA.
Reacción leucemoide que simula una neoplasia mieloproliferativa crónica en mieloma múltiple indolente : reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.
Authors: Martínez Humberto , Valdés Jaime
Published: June 2021

Introducción: la reacción leucemoide (RL) en el contexto de neoplasias de células plasmáticas se ha descrito en reportes de casos. No hemos encontrado asociación en la literatura de RL con mieloma indolente. Métodos: se describe un caso de RL que simula una neoplasia mieloproliferativa crónica en mieloma múltiple indolente. Resultados: mujer de 68 años con antecedente de diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y rosácea, con astenia, adinamia y malestar general. Dentro de los laboratorios inicialmente solicitados, se reporta una leucocitosis de 74.690 x mm3 con 67.190 x mm3 neutrófilos, sin anemia y recuento plaquetario normal. Se comienza tratamiento extrainstitucional con hidroxiurea y, posteriormente, con nilotinib. Se confirma la ausencia de cromosoma Filadelfia y mutación JAK2 V617F, por lo cual se suspende nilotinib y se documenta infiltración del 30% por neoplasia de células plasmáticas en médula ósea, y una paraproteinemia IgA lambda de 3,2 g/dl, sin componente CRAB por ausencia de anemia, alteración renal e hipercalcemia con PET/CT negativo para lesiones líticas o plasmocitomas, cadenas livianas relación menor de 100. Se considera mieloma múltiple indolente de alto riesgo por IgA y se inicia tratamiento con lenalidomida y dexametasona. La paciente se encuentra en aceptables condiciones generales, tolerando satisfactoriamente la quimioterapia. Conclusión: este es el primer caso conocido por nosotros de mieloma múltiple indolente asociado con reacción leucemoide en la literatura mundial.
Primer reporte del Registro Colombiano de Mieloma Múltiple ACHO-Renehoc.
Authors: Abello Polo Virginia , Solano María Helena , Perdomo Iván , Galves Kenny , Saavedra José Domingo , Gómez Álvaro , Figueroa Jair , Idrobo Henry , Sossa Claudia , Gaviria Lina María
Published: June 2021

Introducción: la ACHO está comprometida con la creación de un grupo de investigación que se encargue de desarrollar un análisis del patrón epidemiológico de los principales tipos de neoplasias hematológicas en el país. La primera neoplasia que será analizada es el mieloma múltiple (MM); este es el primer reporte preliminar de los hallazgos de este registro, que incluye información de 10 centros con investigadores de la ACHO y cuyo objetivo principal es describir el perfil epidemiológico del MM en la población colombiana y su relación con factores de mal pronóstico. Métodos: se propone un estudio descriptivo observacional multicéntrico bidireccional (retrospectivo hasta máximo 10 años y prospectivo) de 100 casos de MM en Colombia. Se recolectarán datos sociodemográficos, criterios diagnósticos de las patologías, factores pronósticos e intervenciones terapéuticas. Los datos han sido recopilados usando un Electronic Case Report Form (eCRF), compuesto de pestañas de información de acuerdo con las variables de interés del estudio. Todos los pacientes objeto de reclutamiento y aptos para ser incluidos deberán contar con consentimiento informado firmado antes del ingreso al registro epidemiológico. Resultados: los datos del registro están en recolección, los resultados estarán disponibles en la fecha final. Conclusión: los datos del registro están en recolección, los resultados estarán disponibles en la fecha final.
Tratamiento del melanoma maligno en Colombia : resultados encuesta ACHO y proyecto grupo colombo-español del tratamiento multidisciplinario del melanoma.
Authors: Ospina Serrano Aylen Vanessa , Bernal Laura
Published: June 2021

Teniendo en cuenta los datos demográficos, de acceso al sistema de salud y económicos de Colombia, se tiene una población estimada de 48,2 millones de habitantes, de los cuales el 76% reside en zona urbana. La economía se encuentra en desarrollo y actualmente hace parte del grupo de países de ingresos medios-altos, según el Banco Mundial1 . Para 2015, alcanzó un índice de desarrollo humano de 0,727, categorizado como alto, y posicionándolo en el lugar 95 de 188 países en el mundo en este aspecto. Sin embargo, aún se encuentra por debajo del promedio de los países latinoamericanos, con un coeficiente de desigualdad del 23,7% y un índice de pobreza multidimensional del 7,6% (un 5,7% bajo la línea de pobreza y un 1,8% en pobreza severa), con un 10,5% adicional de pobreza cercana a la multidimensional; el acceso a la educación es limitado, con una mediana de años escolares en el país de 72 .
Análisis multivariado de los factores que inciden en la mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer de mama receptor hormonal positivo.
Authors: Ramos Guette Pedro Luis
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: la meta de este estudio fue evaluar los factores pronósticos relacionados con la supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad con cáncer de mama receptor hormonal positivo. Métodos: este estudio llevó a cabo el análisis de información de la clínica Oncocare en el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero de 2003 y el 31 de julio de 2012. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama receptor hormonal positivo (estadios I a IIIC). Se construyeron curvas de supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Meier, se compararon con el método de rangos logaritmos y se efectuó un análisis de regresión de rangos proporcionales por Cox. Resultados: un total de 387 pacientes fueron identificados en el estudio. La tasa de mortalidad de la cohorte fue del 7,24% de pacientes y recaídas del 9,82%. La edad media fue de 55,3 años; la mediana de seguimiento fue 48,2 meses. Los estadios clínicos se distribuyeron en estadio I con el 10,85%, IIA con el 16,28%, IIB con el 17,05%, IIIA con el 22,74%, IIIB con el 19,12%, IIIC con el 13,95%. Los receptores de HER2 fueron positivos en un 13,7%. Los pacientes recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante en un 60,72%, del tipo AC en un 59,15% y ACT en un 22,25%. Se les administró quimioterapia adyuvante en un 73,90%, con AC en el 44,91%, trastuzumab en el 14,7%, taxanos en el 23,25%. Las respuestas a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante fueron: respuesta objetiva en un 76,17%, respuesta completa en un 14,89%, respuesta parcial en un 61,28%. Se presentaron recaídas en un 9,82% (locales: 2,58%, regionales: 1,29% y sistémicas: 7,75%). En el análisis multivariado, se evidencia que el número de ganglios positivos de 10 o más disminuye la sobrevida libre de enfermedad HR 2,30 (1,39-2,80). La respuesta clínica objetiva, el tamaño tumoral, el HER2 positivo, los receptores hormonales positivos, la edad y el estadio clínico no modifican la sobrevida libre de enfermedad y global en el análisis multivariado. Conclusión: los tiempos de supervivencia libre de enfermedad se reducen con 10 o más ganglios positivos; las otras variables analizadas: tamaño tumoral, estadio clínico, edad, HER2 positivo y respuesta clínica objetivas, no afectan la sobrevida global y libre de enfermedad.
Análisis multivariado de los factores que inciden en la mortalidad en pacientes con cáncer de mama en ancianas.
Authors: Ramos Guette Pedro Luis
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: el fin de este estudio es evaluar los factores pronósticos asociados con la mortalidad en pacientes ancianas con cáncer de mama. Métodos: este estudio realizó el análisis de información de la clínica Oncocare en el período comprendido entre el 1º de enero de 2003 y el 31 de julio de 2012. Se incluyeron todas las pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer de mama de 65 años de edad o mayores. Se construyeron curvas de supervivencia por el método de Kaplan-Meier, se compararon con el método de rangos logaritmos y se realizó un análisis de regresión de rangos proporcionales por Cox. Resultados: un total de 126 pacientes fueron identificadas en el estudio. La tasa de mortalidad de la cohorte fue del 3,96% y las recaídas del 6,35%. La edad media fue de 71,6 años, la mediana de seguimiento fue de 43,2 meses. Los estadios clínicos se distribuyeron en estadio I con el 10,32%, IIA con el 15,08%, IIB con el 17,46%, IIIA con el 21,43%, IIIB con el 9,12%, IIIC con el 13,95%. Los receptores de HER2 fueron positivos en un 9,52%. Las pacientes recibieron quimioterapia neoadyuvante en un 61,11%, del tipo AC en un 42,86%, CMF en un 31,17% y ACT en un 22,08%. Se les administró quimioterapia adyuvante al 54,76%, con AC en un 51,47%, CMF en un 11,76%, trastuzumab en un 10,29%, taxanos en un 17,64% y ACT en un 8,82%. Las respuestas a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante fueron: respuesta objetiva en un 79,22%, respuesta completa en un 12,99%, respuesta parcial en un 66,23%. Se presentaron recaídas en un 6,35% (locales: 2,38%, regionales: 1,59% y sistémicas: 4,76%). En el análisis multivariado, los factores pronósticos analizados fueron el receptor HER2 positivo, los receptores hormonales, el tamaño tumoral, el compromiso ganglionar, la respuesta a quimioterapia neoadyuvante y el estadio clínico, los cuales no se asocian con modificaciones en la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global. Conclusión: los tiempos de supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad observados en la cohorte no se relacionan con el estado del receptor HER2, la respuesta a la quimioterapia neoadyuvante, el estado del receptor hormonal, el estadio clínico y el compromiso ganglionar.
Análisis de supervivencia de cáncer germinal de testículo en Bogotá (Colombia).
Authors: Ramos Guette Pedro Luis
Published: June 2021

Objetivo: evaluar la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global en una cohorte de pacientes con cáncer germinal de testículo en Bogotá (Colombia). Materiales y métodos: se trata de un estudio de cohorte bidireccional; se registró la información de las características clínicas, demográficas y los tiempos de recaída y muerte por cáncer u otras causas de una cohorte de 64 pacientes con cáncer germinal de testículo durante el período 2003-2012. Los pacientes fueron seguidos en intervalos cada 3 a 6 meses, en los cuales se documentaba el estado vital y la presencia de recaídas locales o sistémicas de la enfermedad. Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y se estimaron funciones de supervivencia usando el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se llevó a cabo análisis de regresión de Cox para identificar factores asociados a la supervivencia. Resultados: se identificaron 64 pacientes con germinal de testículo. La mediana de seguimiento fue 38,2 meses, la edad promedio fue 29 años, se presentaron en estadio avanzado un 57,81%. El tipo histológico más frecuente fue seminoma con un 48,39%. El 78,13% recibió quimioterapia, cuyo esquema más frecuente fue PEB (85,71%). Hubo un 18,75% de recaídas y un 9,37% de muertes. En el análisis multivariado, se evidenció asociación del índice pronóstico alto con menor sobrevida libre de enfermedad y global, HR 7,65 (IC95% 2,15-27,20) y 7,81 (2,38- 25,63), respectivamente. Los otros factores: tipo histológico, estado funcional, respuesta a quimioterapia y estadio clínico, no se relacionaron con la supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global. Conclusión: los tiempos de supervivencia libre de enfermedad y global observados en la cohorte se asocian con el índice pronóstico alto, pero no hay relación con el tipo histológico, el estado funcional, el estadio clínico, el tipo de quimioterapia y las respuestas a quimioterapia.