bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decision Tree for Postflooding Roadway Operations
Authors: Qiao Yaning , Medina Ricardo A. , McCarthy Leslie Myers , Mallick Rajib B. , Daniel Jo Sias
Published: November 2017

When a pavement is flooded, transportation agencies are faced with the decision to leave the road open or close it to traffic. On the one hand, agencies may want to keep the road open and prioritize connectivity if the road serves a critical economic purpose for a region. On the other hand, agencies may choose to close the road to prevent additional structural damage (which may incur significant repair costs) because of high water content in (or even saturation of) the subgrade. Nondestructive testing (NDT) tools such as the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) can be applied to assist decision makers by facilitating a more reliable evaluation of the structural condition of the pavement. Reliable decision making ought to incorporate inherent uncertainties in the process, including the structural state of the pavement after flooding, as well as the reliability of FWD testing and variability in costs. This paper presents a method that uses a Bayesian decision tree approach for highway emergency operations after flooding. Uncertainties in the structural state of the pavement after flooding, NDT, and costs are addressed with Monte Carlo simulations. A case study of a flooded roadway section in North Dakota demonstrated this approach: user delay costs caused by closure of the roadway were explicitly considered. The results of the decision tree analysis provide objective recommendations about opening or closing a road after flooding, as well as whether FWD testing of the flooded road should be conducted once the water recedes.
Going Digital: The Experience of the Transition to Digital Projection in UK Cinemas
Authors: Wallace Richard
Published: November 2017

This article addresses the digital transformation in UK cinemas between 2000 and 2014, as viewed by cinema projectionists. During this period digital projectors replaced mechanical 35mm film projectors throughout UK cinemas. This resulted in many redundancies and a fundamental change in the way films are shown. This article draws on interview material with a number of current and former cinema projectionists (including a number who were made redundant and some members of the trade union BECTU) to provide an account of this period of change as it was experienced by those most affected by it. The ways in which the speed of the change was perceived are examined in detail. The article also considers how narratives of personal and professional change and redundancy are mediated through the attachment to technology and the experience of technological change. The respondents' descriptions of the arrival of the digital projectors and the focus on ‘the final show’ are common themes around which such narratives are constructed.
Nanoprofilometry study of focal conic domain structures in a liquid crystalline free surface
Authors: Bagdinova Anna N , Demikhov Evgeny I , Borisenko Nataliya G , Tolokonnikov Sergei M
Published: November 2017

This work presents the first high-resolution nanoprofilometry study consisting of nanoscale resolution surface profile measurements and high-quality visualization of a the free surface of a liquid crystal–air boundary. The capabilities of this new experimental method, as applied for liquid crystal free boundaries, are discussed. The formation of focal conic domain structures at the smectic-A–air free boundary was detected and studied.
Le sujet en lieu sûr
Authors: Vallet-Armellino Marion
Published: November 2017

Les safe-spaces sont des lieux inclusifs où les étudiants américains font l’expérience d’un collectif sécurisant où vivre sa différence, où toute agression verbale serait bannie. Accusés d’infantiliser les esprits et d’affaiblir la liberté d’expression, ils sont au cœur des cultural wars . Ces demandes de protection montrent pourtant à quelles oppressions les minorités sont encore soumises. Dans ces espaces transitionnels, des identités individuelles et groupales s’affirment et rendent visibles leurs combats. De quelle histoire militante proviennent-ils et à quel type d’anxiété répondent-ils ? Formes de (re)prise de pouvoir devant l’hostilité vécue, ces espaces sont sources d’apaisement et transformation. Dans certaines psychothérapies, on se met aussi à l’abri du monde et de ses projections pour trouver sa parole et sa place.
Gemellité et inhibition intellectuelle : construction d’un espace de pensée séparé en psychothérapie psychanalytique de l’enfant
Authors: Paul Anne-Marie
Published: November 2017

Cet article présente une partie du travail de psychothérapie psychanalytique mené avec une fillette jumelle présentant une inhibition intellectuelle avant l’entrée dans l’apprentissage de la lecture. Il met en évidence l’importance des fantasmes archaïques gémellaires de dévoration et d’empiètement de l’espace psychique, et leur rôle dans la mise en place défensive d’un empêchement de penser faisant craindre l’installation d’un retard mental. Ces fantasmes ont pu prendre forme dans l’espace potentiel de la thérapie grâce à l’utilisation du transfert, et faire l’objet d’une transformation conduisant à une reprise du processus de symbolisation.
L’évaluation de l’enfant en centre de ressources autisme : analyse de récits de parents par la théorisation ancrée
Authors: Damville Emmanuel , Rousselot-Pailley Bérangère , Velasquez Paola , Clouet Anne-Marie , Nombret Karine , Golse Bernard , Falissard Bruno , Robel Laurence
Published: November 2017

Les Centres de Ressource Autisme (CRA) ont été créés afin de répondre à la demande des familles de bénéficier d’une évaluation diagnostique conforme aux connaissances actuelles sur les troubles envahissants du développement, et respectant les recommandations de la Haute Autorité en Santé. Le diagnostic d’autisme ou de trouble envahissant du développement est ainsi annoncé par une équipe différente de celle qui suit l’enfant. Dans ce travail, nous nous sommes intéressés à la manière dont les parents vivent l’annonce d’un diagnostic porté par une équipe experte, celle du centre diagnostic de l’hôpital Necker, rattaché au Centre de Ressource Autisme Ile de France (CRAIF). Pour cela, nous avons analysé par la théorisation ancrée le récit que les parents font de l’évaluation et de l’annonce du diagnostic de leur enfant, 18 mois plus tard. Nous présentons ici les résultats de l’analyse de 28 entretiens, portant sur la découverte des premiers symptômes chez leur enfant, leur prise en charge, l’évaluation en CRA et ses effets sur les soins ultérieurs. La perturbation de la qualité de vie familiale est majeure du fait de ce handicap particulier. La capacité à s’appuyer sur un tiers, depuis le repérage des premiers troubles jusqu’aux soins spécialisés, est essentielle à la construction de l’alliance thérapeutique. Du fait du risque traumatique lié à l’annonce du diagnostic, nous soulignons l’intérêt de prendre en considération la temporalité de l’évaluation, son articulation aux soins, et les modalités d’énonciation des parents. Les capacités de mise en récit des professionnels doivent donc être mobilisées lors de la restitution du bilan, afin de permettre aux parents de l’intégrer dans leur propre narration.
Questioning the 1623 Edict of Grace: Differentiating Between Orthodox and Heterodox Interiority
Authors: Fowler Jessica J.
Published: November 2017

The 1623 Edict of Grace released by the Spanish Inquisition in Seville to address the heresy of alumbradismo was a contested affair. Among the voices raised against this condemnation and equation of interior religious practice as heretical alumbradismo was that of Juan Dionisio Fernández Portocarrero. This essay examines how the heresy of alumbradismo came to delineate the bounds of orthodox interiority and demonstrate how this boundary remained contested even a century after the construction of the heresy as an inquisitorial category.
Américo Castro’s Conversos and the Question of Subjectivity
Authors: Bodian Miriam
Published: November 2017

Scholars have long puzzled over the disproportionate role played by Judeo-conversos in the innovative cultural currents of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century Spain. Recently, a number of scholars have developed the idea that outstanding converso thinkers and authors shared a sensibility that anticipated modernity (particularly Jewish modernity). One of the key features of this sensibility was subjective consciousness. This article explores the foundational work of Américo Castro on this subject. Drawing from nineteenth-century orientalist discourse, Castro understood the subjective awareness of conversos to be a renewed expression of ancient “semitic” characteristics discernable in medieval Jewish (and Islamic) writing, as well as in the Hebrew Bible. In Castro’s view, the conversos’ inherent access to their inner life, stimulated by their experience of repression, allowed them to create a literature that became synonymous with Hispanicity. Castro’s conversos, in whom the strongly negative characteristics of his Jews have “disappeared,” are thus harbingers not of modernity, but of a coalescing Spanish national identity. Yet his essentialized view of converso subjectivity has offered support to recent scholarship on “Marranism” and modernity, which follows Castro in its converso-centric apprehension of subjectivity in early modern Europe.
The Gestation of Modern Gastronomy in Spain (1900-1936)
Authors: Aguirregoitia-Martínez Ainhoa , Fernández-Poyatos Mª Dolores
Published: November 2017

This article discusses the gastronomic activity that took place in Spain between 1900 and 1936. It does so assuming that the modernisation process of Spain’s gastronomy transpired during these years, which is the same period recognised for when modernity emerged in other areas. This approach has been possible due to the discovery and analysis of unpublished testimonies of that time, mainly obtained from the general illustrated and specialised trade press as well as treatises written by cooks and writers of the period and the contemporary literature on the subject. These findings support the existence of factors such as the desire to have a national culinary identity, the creation of the first training centres, the emergence of professional associations and the abundant production of cookery books, treatises and culinary magazines. All these elements enable us to outline and contemplate the formation of the modern structure of gastronomic activity, but above all, they enrich part of its history and highlight the advisability of conducting research in a field that is so important for Spain; namely gastronomy.
Adrianus van Selms as reformatoriese teoloog
Authors: Boshoff Piet B.
Published: November 2017

No abstract available
Verskuiwing van teologiese denke oor die huwelik vanaf Luther tot vandag
Authors: Botha Annelie
Published: November 2017

No abstract available
Commentary on the documents Nostra aetate and Lumen gentium
Authors: Van der Merwe Piet J.
Published: November 2017

No abstract available
Theology of religions in Martin Luther
Authors: Shaw Wilhelmina Magdalena
Published: November 2017

No abstract available
Stratospheric ozone measurements at Arosa (Switzerland): History and scientific relevance
Authors: Staehelin Johannes , Viatte Pierre , Stübi Rene , Tummon Fiona , Peter Thomas
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In 1926 the stratospheric ozone measurements of the Light Climatic Observatory (LKO) of Arosa (Switzerland) started, marking the start of the world's longest total (or column) ozone measurements. These measurements were driven by the recognition of the importance of atmospheric ozone for human health as well as by scientific curiosity in this by then not well characterized atmospheric trace gas. Since the mid-1970s ground-based measurements of stratospheric ozone have also been justified to society by the need to document the effects of anthropogenic Ozone Depleting Substances (ODSs), which cause stratospheric ozone depletion. Levels of ODSs peaked around the mid-1990s as a result of a global environmental policy to protect the ozone layer implemented by the 1987 Montreal Protocol and its subsequent amendments and adjustments. Consequently, chemical ozone depletion caused by ODSs stopped worsening around the mid-1990s. This renders justification for continued ozone measurements more difficult, and is likely to do so even more in future, when stratospheric ozone recovery is expected. Tendencies of increased cost savings in ozone measurements seem perceptible worldwide, also in Arosa. However, the large natural variability in ozone on diurnal, seasonal and interannual scales complicates to demonstrate the success of the Montreal Protocol. Moreover, chemistry-climate models predict a “super-recovery” of the ozone layer in the second half of this century, i.e. an increase of ozone concentrations beyond pre-1970 levels, as a consequence of ongoing climate change. This paper presents the evolution of the ozone layer and the history of international ozone research and discusses the justification of these measurements for past, present and future.
Assessing the degree of plug flow in oxidation flow reactors (OFRs): a study on a Potential Aerosol Mass (PAM) reactor
Authors: Mitroo Dhruv , Sun Yujian , Combest Daniel P. , Kumar Purushottam , Williams Brent J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Oxidation flow reactors (OFRs) have been developed to achieve high degrees of oxidant exposures over relatively short space times (defined as the ratio of reactor volume to the volumetric flowrate). While, due to their increased use, attention has been paid to their ability to replicate realistic tropospheric reactions by modeling the chemistry inside the reactor, there is a desire to customize flow patterns. This work demonstrates the importance of decoupling tracer signal of the reactor from that of the tubing when experimentally obtaining these flow patterns. We modeled the residence time distributions (RTDs) inside the Washington University Potential Aerosol Mass (WU-PAM) reactor, an OFR, for a simple set of configurations by applying the tank-in-series (TIS) model, a one parameter model, to a deconvolution algorithm. The value of the parameter, N, is close to unity for every case except one having the highest space time. Combined, the results suggest that volumetric flowrate affects mixing patterns more than use of our internals. We selected results from the simplest case, at 78 s space time with one inlet and one outlet, absent of baffles and spargers, and compared the experimental F-Curve to that of a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation. The F-Curves, which represents the cumulative time spent in the reactor by flowing material, match reasonably well. We value that the use of a small aspect ratio reactor such as the WU-PAM reduces wall interactions, and suggest applying the methodology of tracer testing described in this work to investigate RTDs in OFRs and modify inlets, outlets, and use of internals prior to applications (e.g., field deployment vs. laboratory study).
Assessing the cover crop effect on soil hydraulic properties by inverse
modelling in a 10-year field trial
Authors: Gabriel Jose Luis , Quemada Miguel , Martín-Lammerding Diana , Vanclooster Marnik
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Cover cropping in agriculture is expected to enhance many agricultural and ecosystems functions and services. Yet, few studies are available allowing to evaluate the impact of cover cropping on the long term change of soil hydrologic functions. We assessed the long term change of the soil hydraulic properties due to cover cropping by means of a 10-year field experiment. We monitored continuously soil water content in non cover cropped and cover cropped fields by means of capacitance probes. We subsequently determined the hydraulic properties by inverting the soil hydrological model WAVE, using the time series of the 10 year monitoring data in the object function. We observed two main impacts, each having their own time dynamics. First, we observed an initial compaction as a result of the minimum tillage. This initial negative effect was followed by a more positive cover crop effect. The positive cover crop effect consisted in an increase of the soil micro- and macro-porosity, improving the structure. This resulted in a larger soil water retention capacity. This latter improvement was mainly observed below 20 cm, and mostly in the soil layer between 40 and 80 cm depth. This study shows that the expected cover crop competition for water with the main crop can be compensated by an improvement of the water retention in the intermediate layers of the soil profile. This may enhance the hydrologic functions of agricultural soils in arid and semiarid regions which often are constrained by water stress.
GLOFs in the WOS: bibliometrics, geographies and global trends of
research of glacial lake outburst floods (Web of Science, 1979–2016)
Authors: Emmer Adam
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Research of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) – specific low frequency, high magnitude floods originating in glacial lakes, including jokulhlaups – is well justified in the context of glacier ice loss and glacial lake evolution in glacierised areas all over the world. Increasing GLOF research activities, which are documented by the increasing number of published research items, have been observed in the past few decades; however, a comprehensive insight into the GLOF research community, its global bibliometrics, geographies and trends in research is missing. To fill this gap, a set of 892 GLOF research items published in the Web of Science database covering the period 1979–2016 was analysed. General bibliometric characteristics, citations and references were analysed, revealing a certain change in the publishing paradigm over time. Furthermore, the global geographies of research on GLOFs were studied, focusing on: (i) where GLOFs are studied; (ii) who studies GLOFs; (iii) the export of research on GLOFs; and (iv) international collaboration. The observed trends are discussed and placed in a broader context.
Biodegradation of the Ametryne in Soil with Addition of Biofertilizer
Authors: Régo Ana Paula Justiniano , Coneglian Cassiana Maria Reganhan , Bidoia Ederio Dino
Published: November 2017

The intensified use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers has resulted in threats to the environment. Thus it is crucial to the implementation of sustainable alternatives in order to mitigate the negative effects. The biofertilizer brings this proposal, as it improves soil fertility and minimize environmental risks. The ametryne herbicide is used for weed control, very soluble in water, bringing risks to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the degradation of ametryne in soil with the addition of liquid biofertilizers. After application of biofertilizer in soil with ametryne, the microbial activity increased in 39.149%, in CO2 generation.In the assay for quantification of ametryne by HPLC-MS/MS there was reduction of concentration of the molecule in the presence soil sample contaminated with the herbicide. Thus, the biofertilizer was able to assist in soil fertility, increasing metabolic activity, resulting in degradation of the herbicide.
Development of Housing Standards and Spatial Design Guidelines for Mobility Handicaps in Thailand
Authors: Sukkay Sasicha , Upala Prapatpong
Published: November 2017

The objectives of this research are 1) to compare the standards of housing design for mobility disabled at the domestic and universal levels, 2) to standardize the developing process of housing design guideline for mobility handicapped properly with the context of Thailand, and 3) to evaluate the proficiency of the guideline by employing both qualitative and quantitative research methods. Regarding the guidelines comparison, the results indicated that the available housing design guidelines in Thailand had excluded the spatial allocation standard for supporting the mobility dependency as well as some particular dwelling functions had been abandoned from these guidelines. Furthermore, it appeared that these design guidelines were not constituted based on the participatory of multidisciplinary experts, for instance, medical and architectural professionals. This research had initiated an evaluating process for the guideline’s competence by using four indicators,namely, 1) comprehension, 2) completeness, 3) convenience, and 4) composition of design. The rating scale questionnaires were distributed to the two sampling groups comprising the group of 30 experienced Government agencies and the group of 30 mobility handicapped. The data collection consisted of two main steps: 1) the assessment of the comparative study-based guideline and 2) the assessment of the participatory-based guideline. The data retrieved from these two phases were analyzed by the inferential statistics, Paired Sample t-test. The results revealed the differences between these two sampling groups in every design category at the significance level of 0.05. It was clear that the participatory-based guideline was more efficient than the comparative study-based guideline (p ≤ 0.005). Besides, the evaluating scores addressed by the group of experienced Government agencies and the group of mobility disabled representative were discovered significantly contrary.
A Comparative Study of Teaching Process of Presenting Product Sketch Design of Industrial Design Program
Authors: Pijukkana Pracha , Rugwongwan Yanin
Published: November 2017

This research studies the teaching process of idea communication for industrial product design sketching. The objective of this research is to make a comparative study on the efficiency of two teaching processes between teaching with detailed information and teaching with conceptual frameworks for groups of students who have different learning aptitudes; which are an aptitude in theoretical subjects or an aptitude in practical subjects. The study also included differences in learning styles of the industrial design program undergraduate students. The researchers came up with an experiment of creating sketch design ideas for a product in which the researchers classified the students’ learning processes from curriculum subjects and academic achievements. The results found that curriculum subjects and students’ learning aptitude can be grouped into two major groups: students who have accumulated scores in theoretical subjects and students who have accumulated scores in practical subjects. These two groups of students have different aptitudes in sketch design idea communication processes: a process of sketching with given detailed information and a process of sketching with given conceptual framework. Although these are different processes, the teaching and learning of these two product design processes have the same objectives: to create design ideas and to support design creativity by using the concept of interaction between the brain, hands and shapes that appear on paper to present the sketch product and to guide the teaching and learning of industrial product design, suitable for students who have different characteristics and help increase their academic achievements.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 12
Authors: Zhang Jenny
Published: November 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Asian Social Science, Vol. 13, No. 12, 2017.
Impact of Sago Crop Commercialization Programs on Gender Roles of Melanau Communities in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Ahmad Ishak Siti Zanariah , Taibi Malia , Yaakub Ahmad Nizar
Published: November 2017

Melanau men are known for their significant roles in the cultivation of sago palm as smallholder farmers while the women take charge of processing sago-based food products. Melanau sago farmers play important roles in maintaining their rural livelihood as the ethnic minority group in the northwest coastal communities of Sarawak, Malaysia. In an attempt to contribute to the corpus of knowledge on Melanau gender roles and their unique farming practices, this paper adapts gender relations framework in order to assess the impact of sago commercialization programs that were established by the local authority since 1980s. The findings revealed that the changes of traditional gender roles among men and women are influenced by gender relations factors i.e. gender division of labour, access to or control of resources and household decision making. In addition, sago production promises a greater prospect of moving away from low to high commercial level of production only if human capital that makes sago crop difficult to commercialize are tackled in the Melanau community. This suggests that more attention to human factors is needed when authorities formulate policies relating to commercialization program.
Generating and Assessing Consumer’s Innovation Adoption through Consumer Innovativeness, Innovation Characteristics and Perceived Brand Innovativeness
Authors: Alan Alev Kocak , Kabadayi Ebru Tumer , Bakis Selen , Can Yesim , Sekerin Melih Can
Published: November 2017

Concerning the digitalism, globalization and competition; offering innovative products or services starts to become a critical issue for banks. Banks adapt its technological infrastructure for mobile banking applications to serve in more efficient and valuable way to their existing and potential customers. Unlike with the western countries, mobile technologies usage in developing countries have skipped lots of steps and become so popular. So for, one of the emerging market was chosen for the data collection and data were collected via internet survey with 451 participants. The effects of innovation characteristics (compatibility, ease of use, perceived usefulness, observability, perceived risk), consumer innovativeness and consumer perceived brand innovativeness on consumer innovation adoption were investigated in a holistic model. The results suggested that innovation characteristics had the most impact on consumer innovation adoption. Among these characteristics, compatibility and observability were most influential factors. Consumer innovativeness also affected adoption of innovations. However, contrary to the expectations, consumer perceived brand innovativeness’ effect on adoption was not supported. Future research directions and managerial implications were also given.
Acoustic Assessment of a Precast Factory in Kolkata, India
Authors: Wilkho Rohan S. , Guha Himadri
Published: November 2017

Sustainable development has various indicators like transport system, economy, land use etc. Quality of life is one of them and protection from noise, especially at workplace plays a prime role in determining it.Numerous literature surveys have revealed that the construction industry ranks second in terms of thestaff being exposed to loud noise and its consequent hazards. A similar situation was observed in a major infrastructure project in Kolkata, India. A questionnaire survey among the workers and a 3D simulation model was created to assess the noise levels. The results revealed that the perceived noise levels were significantly high and exceeded the limits set by concerned authorities. This warranted actions to reduce noise levels. To achieve this, two alternate simulation models were created with altered acoustic properties. The results of these simulations reduced noise to identical levels, which were lower than the limit set. And hence, it was concluded that lower noise levels could not be achieved and was proposed that adopting either of the two would fit the purpose.
Review of Discourse Components of Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East
Authors: Gonabad Reza Abedi , Fayaz Ebrahim , Naderi Ahmad
Published: November 2017

With the victory of the Islamic Revolution, some shift in paradigm or the shift of discourse is observed in Iran. Islamic Republic System of Iran that was replaced instead of Pahlavi Regime took different discourse, behavior and function practically in addition to domestic policy at the level of foreign policy at the level of the Middle East or West of Asia and North of Africa and this approach was definitely different from the past. The discourse had a central indication of jurisprudential political Islam as the social and political protest against national Iranian radical otherness, western quasi-modernism, secularism and militarism of Pahlavism Discourse, which was created by the friction and dialectic between dominant discourses of similarity to west and discourses different from the west. In this study, 4 components and indices of anti-arrogance Islamism, monist Shiism (establishment of the Islamic Ummah), independence and anti-order orientation based on supporting Axis of Resistance against Axis of Compromise are explained as discourse components of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Middle East. The data analysis method in this study is mainly based on qualitative methods. Moreover, this study has used data description and analysis using documentary references and methods and through referring to the library and internet.
The Value of Privacy and Surveillance Drones in the Public Domain: Scrutinizing the Dutch Flexible Deployment of Mobile Cameras Act
Authors: Kuiper Gerdo , Eijkman Quirine
Published: November 2017

The flexible deployment of drones in the public domain, is in this article assessed from a legal philosophical perspective. On the basis of theories of Dworkin and Moore the distinction between individual rights and collective security policy goals is discussed. Mobile cameras in the public domain reflect how innovative technological tools challenge public authorities in new ways to balance between privacy and security. Furthermore, the different dimensions of privacy and the distinction between the three types of the value of privacy are reviewed. On the basis of the case study of the Dutch Drones Act, the article concludes that the flexible deployment of mobile cameras in the public domain is not legitimate from a normative perspective. The legal safeguards in the Netherlands are insufficient to protect the value of privacy. Therefore, further restrictions such as prior judicial review should be considered.
The Jordanian General Prosecutor Decision No. 1231 of 2008 over the Case of the Dutch Cartoons vs Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) Case
Authors: AlShakhanbeh Khaled A.
Published: November 2017

In 2005, Dutch cartoonist Kurt Faster Gurt published sketches of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in the Jyllands-Posten newspaper as well as in PDF form via its website. The images depicted the Prophet (PBUH) and his companions in what Islamic countries around the world deemed as derogatory at best and blasphemous at worst. This article looks at the decision by the Jordanian General Prosecutor to put on trial Kurt Faster Gurt and his cartoonists in 2008, which opened the flood gates to numerous challenges to domestic cyber laws having international jurisdiction. From Yahoo to YouTube, the Jordanian decision set a precedent for what has become a new world of law and politics, whereby Internet content producers, no matter where in the world they appear , could be held accountable to domestic cybercrime laws. To explain the Jordanian approach, other legal cases are studied in which it is proven that the damage caused by some material available in the Internet may justify the indictment of their authors by national Courts regardless the defendant's nationality or place of residence. Such cases urge States to provide for themselves an adequate legal corpus to be able to cope with these cases and to be able to implement the Court's decisions.
Migration as an Adaptation Strategy to Climate Change: Influencing Factors in North-western Ghana
Authors: Fielmua Nicholas , Gordon Dugle , Mwingyine Darius T.
Published: November 2017

Climate change has attracted the attention of all stakeholders, ranging from individuals in the household through to global organisations in the international community. As an inevitable phenomenon at the moment, adaptation is the key response to minimising the unfavourable effects of climate change. While there are several adaptation strategies, rural areas mostly use migration as an ultimate and most reliable option. Rural migration in Ghana is mostly from the north to the south. This paper examines the factors that influence individuals and households’ decision to use migration as an adaptation strategy to climate change effects in North-western Ghana. Data was collected using household questionnaire in four communities and analysed using statistical package for social science, version 20.0. The study established that although there are other reasons for migration, it is used essentially as an adaptation strategy to the effects of climate change on livelihood. The study concludes that the debate on climate change and migration should no longer be whether climate change causes human migration but how the effects of climate change influence migrants’ resolve to migrate as an adaptation strategy. Such an analysis allows policy makers to find practical adaptive capacity measures that can offset the challenges at the original homes of migrants.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, No. 6
Authors: Sun Sherry
Published: November 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 10, No. 6, 2017
Re-assertion of Elite Control in Masoka’s Wildlife Program, Zimbabwe
Authors: Muyengwa Shylock , Child Brian
Published: November 2017

Local level governance is crucial in delivering benefits of conservation to communities. This paper provides a historical review of the evolution of governance and the emergence of elite capture in Masoka’s wildlife program in Zimbabwe between 2009 and 2011. Fifty-four key informant interviews and reviews of numerous secondary data sources analyzed in order to understand accountability mechanisms, collective decision-making, and the allocation of wildlife revenues into various local initiatives. The local narratives and secondary data suggested that the governance had flipped from one of impersonal and democratic rule to one based on personal rule of traditional leaders. These outcomes were in part a result of the shift in meso level structures that previously supported the program structures at community level, the shifting national politics that led to increased sense of enfranchisement and impunity among traditional leaders, and non-merit based system of appointing committee members. The results suggest that locally elected committees when left at the peril of strong and unchecked powers of traditional leaders they are bound to collapse. Second, the findings also indicate that in the absence of weak land tenure rights, locals have no “teeth” to challenge tradition-based authorities in order to demand for accountable governance. We conclude that given such condition of weak tenure and access to resource rights, local democratic institutions do not emerge naturally even if most people want them and if not protected from outside, they are bound to fail and superseded by personalized ones.
Development of an Assessment Strategy for Urban Regeneration Projects in Historic City Centres in Iraq
Authors: Al-Mosawi Aqeel Q.
Published: November 2017

In the Iraqi context the importance of urban regeneration in improving the conditions of the physical environment is still not recognized. Furthermore, the rise of urban regeneration initiatives in Iraq due to the deterioration of the physical urban heritage in Iraqi cities, leads to raising the questions about the level of success of these initiatives in finding sustainable solutions to the urban problems with regard to heritage conservation. The current study attempts to develop a suitable assessment strategy for local regeneration projects and to explore possible alternatives which can assist in reorienting urban design strategies towards more sustainability based on assessment of the urban design aspects against a set of performance criteria and indicators.The study argues that urban design is integral to the process of urban regeneration achievement and assessment; through identifying the relationship between urban design principles and sustainable development objectives in the regeneration practises. Based on that, indicators were identified to form the skeleton of the assessment strategy to measure the performance of urban regeneration at the local level. These indicators underwent a detailed evaluation process, with the help of local experts. The research methodology and findings would enrich the related academic fields and will help to strengthen the understanding of urban designers and local stakeholders on how to plan sustainable regeneration projects and create sustainable communities. To ensure that the derived strategy is theoretically and practically feasible, an urban regeneration project as case study was selected and assessed against individual indicators.
Toward a Computational Model of the Upper Extremity
Authors: Hemami Hooshang
Published: November 2017

A basic 22-segment model of the upper extremity is formulated that can allow computational testing of hypotheses about the control and coordination of the upper extremity by the central nervous system. The formulation allows for further analytical, anatomical, physiological, and bio-mechanical expansion and improvement of the model. It allows for inclusion of all passive structures: ligaments, membranes, soft tissues, and cartilages. The formulation is based on the state space formulation of the Newton-Euler method applied to multi-body systems. Extensive use is made of three-segment rigid body modules, constraints, reduction of dimensionality, projection, and matrices of large dimensions.An example, gliding motion of a rigid body on a circular surface (as in wiping a dish with a pre-specified force of contact) shows the application of some of the concepts and feasibility of the developed routines. The control is based on analogous strategies in living systems where co-activation of agonist-antagonist muscular systems and precise reference inputs implement the desirable trajectories of motion and where an integral feedback of the force implements the desired forces of contact.
THE INFLUENCE OF ISOTHERMAL OXIDATION PARAMETERS ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF TITANIUM
Authors: ANIOŁEK Krzysztof , BARYLSKI Adrian , KUPKA Marian , DWORAK Michał
Published: November 2017

The paper presents the results of tests concerning the tribological properties of titanium Grade 2 subjected to thermal oxidation at a temperature of 600°C and 700°C for 72 hours. Morphology of the obtained oxide scale was determined using a scanning electron microscope. After oxidation at 600°C, the resultant oxides concentrated mostly on the roughness elevations formed during the grinding of samples. On raising temperature to 700°C, finer and more agglomerated oxide particles were formed. Tribological tests have shown that titanium Grade 2 in a non-oxidised condition is characterised by very poor resistance to sliding wear. It has been found that the presence of an oxide layer on the surface of titanium significantly improves its poor tribological properties. Oxide layers obtained at temperatures of 600°C and 700°C allowed obtaining as much as a triple reduction of volumetric wear. Analysis of the morphology of the wear trace surface has shown the presence of corrugation wear on a non-oxidised specimen in the form of two alternate regions with different morphologies. It has been demonstrated that oxide layers obtained during thermal oxidation eliminate the phenomenon of corrugation wear.
THE EFFECT OF LOAD ON THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNESIUM ALLOY WE54 AFTER PRECIPITATION HARDENING
Authors: BARYLSKI Adrian , ANIOŁEK Krzysztof , KUPKA Marian , DWORAK Michał
Published: November 2017

The paper presents the effect of precipitation hardening on the mechanical and tribological properties of magnesium alloy WE54. Mechanical tests have shown that the hardness and Young’s modulus of the alloy increased as the ageing time became longer. Improvement of the mechanical properties had a direct influence on the tribological properties. Tribological tests were performed on a ball-on-disk tribometer, applying variable loads of 2, 5, and 10 N. In the tests, a more than fourfold decrease in the specific wear rate, a threefold reduction in the linear wear, and a ca. 20% reduction of the friction coefficient were observed. The best results were obtained for ageing time of 24 h. The extension of the heat treatment time to 48h caused overageing of the alloy, which resulted in the deterioration of its mechanical and tribological properties.
THERMAL, MECHANICAL, AND TRIBOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF PTFE COMPOSITE WITH 20% GRAPHITE CONTENT IRRADIATED WITH AN ELECTRON BEAM
Authors: BARYLSKI Adrian , KAPTACZ Sławomir , SKONECZNY Władysław , KUPKA Marian , ANIOŁEK Krzysztof
Published: November 2017

The paper investigated the effect of irradiation with an electron beam of energy 10MeV in doses of 26-156 kGy on polytetrafluoroethylene with a 20% graphite additive. The tests have shown that changes in thermal properties of the composite (heat of crystallization, melting point and degree of crystallinity) directly affected mechanical properties and contributed to the significant improvement of tribological properties. Tribological tests were performed on a pin-on-disc (T-01) test stand and counter-specimens were made of 1H18N9T steel. The load applied in the friction pair was 1 and 2 MPa (20 and 40 N). A nearly fourfold reduction in linear wear compared to the initial state for a load of 1 MPa has been shown. On the other hand, a more than 20-fold decrease in wear was found during tribological tests when the load was increased to 2 MPa. The most advantageous results were obtained for specimens irradiated with a dose of 104 kGy; irradiation with a higher dose led to degradation of the polymer and caused its wear to increase again. The obtained results hold promise for a significant improvement of the operational life of friction couples which do not require lubrication, used for example in air compressors and engines, and for the possible application of thus modified polymers in nuclear and space industries.
THE INFLUENCE OF SELECTED PARAMETERS ON MAGNETIC FLUID SEAL TIGHTNESS AND MOTION RESISTANCE
Authors: SZCZĘCH Marcin , HORAK Wojciech , SALWIŃSKI Józef
Published: November 2017

Magnetic fluid seals belong to the class of non-contact seals. They are used as protective seals for vacuum systems, high speed shafts, precision mechanics, and electromechanical devices. The proper functioning of the magnetic fluid seal is related to creating and maintaining the continuity of the fluid ring on the sealing stage. This is achieved by appropriately shaped magnetic field distribution in the region of the sealing stage. Consequently, one of the main issues with the construction of such seals is to determine the distribution of the magnetic field in this region. This paper presents the results of analytical calculations and numerical simulations, based on which the influence of selected geometric parameters on the critical pressure and motion resistance was determined.
THE EFFECT OF PRESSURE – ROLLING OF WELDED TURNOUTS
AND RAILROADS ON THEIR WEAR RESISTANCE
Authors: TRYBA Dagmara , KOT Marcin
Published: November 2017

The article presents the effect of cold-rolling welded joints in railway lines on their mechanical and
tribological properties. Welded joints of high-manganese Hadfield cast steel (L120G13) and normalized rail
steel (R350HT) with austenitic steel coupling (X12CrNi17-7) were tested. The conducted tests allowed the
hardness profile of the treated surfaces to be studied, as well as the wear resistance and coefficient of friction.
The results were compared to the base materials and exhibited hardness enhancement in 80% of cold-rolled
surfaces and, moreover, reduced abrasive wear resistance.
CONCEPT OF MAGNETO-HYDRODYNAMIC PLASMA IGNITER FOR IGNITION OF LOW VULNERABILITY GUN PROPELLANTS
Authors: Pochrybniak Cezary , Horodeński Andrzej , Namyślak Kamil , Leciejewski Zbigniew , Surma Zbigniew , Michalski Jakub
Published: November 2017

A concept of plasma coaxial magneto-hydrodynamic igniter for low sensitivity propelling materials is presented with initial experimental results. The concept is an interesting alternative for igniters generating the plasma by a blasting wire such as CPG (Capillary Plasma Generator) systems which have been recently investigated in many worldwide laboratories.
Vestibules to the “world of topsyturvydom” – paratexts in nonsense anthologies
Authors: Hołobut Agata , Hołownia Olga
Published: November 2017

In this article we examine eighteen selected nonsense anthologies published in the UK since the 1920s, working on the assumption that they define, re-shape and visually reinterpret the genre for a general audience in parallel to scholarly approaches to nonsense. In the first part of our paper we look at the process of anthologising and its main functions, followed by an overview of key nonsense anthologies. In the second part, we inspect peritexts that influence the reception of these collections and, by extension, the perception of literary nonsense, looking specifically at book titles, cover designs, tables of contents, prefaces and postfaces. In doing so we hope to reveal the implied reader of the anthologies, comment on their coverage relative to the established Victorian canon and recognise the distinctive features of the genre, foregrounded by the anthologists’ editorial and aesthetic choices.
Some uffish thoughts on the Swedish translations of “Jabberwocky”
Authors: Sundmark Björn
Published: November 2017

In this article the “translatability” (and/or untranslatability) of nonsense is addressed. For this purpose, five Swedish versions of Lewis Carroll’s nonsense poem “Jabberwocky” from Lewis Carroll’s Through the Looking-Glass (1871) are examined: the vocabulary, the syntax, the metre and rhythm, as well as the poem’s contextual framing, here mainly understood as the narrative in which Jabberwocky is embedded. Attention is also paid to the generic and stylistic context of the poem, and the corpus of Swedish translations. Such an exegesis is warranted by the status of Jabberwocky both as a seminal work of nonsense and as a translation showpiece. Influential critics, from Elizabeth Sewell (1952) to Jean-Paul Lecercle (1994) have used Jabberwocky as a key nonsense text. And even when it is to question whether Jabberwocky is a good example or not – Michael Heyman, for instance, argues that Jabberwocky is something of an “outlier” in the realm of nonsense since its nonsense is linguistic rather than logical (2015) – it remains a defining nonsense text. Moreover, it also a pivotal text in translation history. Indeed, because of the perceived difficulties in translating it, Jabberwocky has rightfully been called “the holy grail of translation” (Heyman 2015), something that is borne out by the large number of studies devoted to it, such as Orero Pilar’s 2007 monograph of several Spanish versions of Jabberwocky. What I bring to this critical discussion is empirical material that has not been brought to light before (the Swedish translations), and a new perspective.