bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Development Status and Countermeasures of Enterprise Earnings Management from the Perspective of Big Data
Authors: Zeng Tong , Hanyue Zhang
Published: February 2021

Earnings management plays a leading role in the development of enterprises. With the popularity of big data, when enterprises implement earnings management, analyzing the big data model from the computer can improve the development speed of enterprises. It is not only the key of accounting theory and corporate governance research, but also the top priority in practice. With the continuous development of economy and society in recent years, the problems of interrelated financial have frequently appeared, which leads investors to query the earning ability of related companies. Therefore, this paper studies the current situation of enterprise earnings management from the perspective of big data, and further analyzes the existing problems, and puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions for the relevant enterprise earnings management from the perspective of big data, hoping to standardize the enterprise earnings management behavior and maintain the order of the investment market.
Prospect of Creative Design in the Rural Culture “IP”
Authors: Chen Hao , Zhu Guangyao
Published: February 2021

The rural culture construction has become a hot topic worldwide. How to integrate the cultural memory contained in the countryside into an “IP” so as to promote the rural revitalization is an issue worthy of exploration. The integration of digital technological achievements and the activation of communication patterns can help with its construction without doubt in the current information, scientific and intelligent age. The research in this paper started with the creative design from the perspective of “IP” to explore notes in the rural culture construction as well as the prospect of “IP” design of rural cultures.
Construction risk analysis of water environment treatment project based on WBS-RBS and AHP in flood period --Take the EPC project of comprehensive treatment of water environment in the east of a city as an example
Authors: Zheng Zhi , Chen Qi Wu , Zhang Tian Cheng , Zhang Ren Jie , Wang Xing Fu , Ma Ce
Published: February 2021

Basic environment construction is a livelihood project, especially water environment management is a hot topic in current engineering construction. There are more or fewer risks in the water environment treatment construction process, especially the black and smelly water treatment during the flood season. Hidden dangers, especially this year is the resumption of work and production after the epidemic, which coincides with the flood season. This article takes the EPC project of comprehensive water environment management in the east of a city as an example, and combines the WBS-RBS method and AHP analysis to analyze the risks of the water environment management project during the flood period. Analysis enables the project risk to be predicted in advance, and the risk is quantified, so that the risk coefficient is minimized and the project construction can proceed smoothly.
Classification and ways of China urban express terminal distribution service modes
Authors: Shengjin Wang , Ying Chen
Published: February 2021

In order to meet the diversified consumption needs of urban residents, many new urban express terminal distribution service models have emerged, from the traditional “door to door” service to the current service station and smart cabinets and other service modes coexist. The diversification of urban express delivery service models can not only bring customers a better consumer experience, but also help to further improve the consumption level of urban residents. Through qualitative comparison and analysis of existing urban express terminal distribution service models, this paper can provide a reference for e-commerce companies and logistics companies to choose the urban express terminal distribution service models suitable for their own development. Improving the current status of urban express delivery services will help resolve the contradiction between customer experience demands and enterprises, bring economic benefits to enterprises, and also help improve urban transportation and bring social benefits.
New Media-based Health Communication in China-An empirical investigation aimed at innovation of new media
Authors: Ding Yi , Du Jian
Published: February 2021

In this research, an empirical investigation is made to analyze the operation mode, effect, and feedback of digital health communication, which is based on China’s new media, and the result shows that: firstly, although the common new media’s means of communication are diverse and the profit mode is varied, traditional means such as articles and videos still prevail. Yet, new media has a heavy dependence on the profit mode based on network advertising and online shopping, while the operation mode profiting by outputting high-quality content requires a further improvement; secondly, on the whole, no obvious difference is found in the effect of communication between people of different ages and genders, but the main difference is observed between people having health problems and those not. If an in-depth analysis is respectively conducted for different kinds of new media, some specific differences can be found in the communication effect; thirdly, although many audiences may concern about the risks brought by new media’s credibility and commercial factors, commercial operation in a standardized way is acceptable to a large number of audiences. Therefore, effort shall be made to propel the development of new media-based health communication from such perspectives as optimizing the operation mode, deepening the user research and regulating the commercial operation, etc.
The Use Strategy of BIM Technology in Building Structure Design
Authors: Guo Ying , Liu Hao
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes the application functions of BIM technology. The research content of this article includes model integration functions, parameter editing functions, and information sharing functions. Combining the application value of BIM technology in architectural structure design, the author studies the key technical application points of designing visualized architectural models, design software selection, combing architectural structure performance, design parameter optimization processing, and structure collaborative design. The author's purpose is to improve the rationality of the building structure design plan and ensure the smooth progress of subsequent construction activities.
Research on Digital Cultural Creation Design of The Palace Museum from the Perspective of Symbol consumption -- A Case study of Twelve Beauties of Prince Yong
Authors: li Gang , Xuan Jiaqi , Ren Shaoyang
Published: February 2021

With the development of digital technology, mobile terminals have become a new medium for museum cultural and creative products to spread the connotation of art and culture. The innovation of digital technology has caused corresponding changes in the design of cultural and creative products, and various digital cultural and creative products have been created on its basis. The emergence of digital technologies such as mobile Internet, cloud computing, AI, VR, human-computer interaction, and 5G communication technology has brought broader development prospects for digital creative design. This article studies the concepts of cultural symbols and design methods of the digital cultural and creative products of The Palace Museum to provide new ideas for the design of digital cultural and creative products of the museum. We choose Twelve Beauties of Prince Yong as an example, the first digital cultural creation product of The Palace Museum.
Application of Ground-based 3D Laser Scanning Technology in Engineering Surveying
Authors: Ting Xue , Ting Li , Jiahui Ni
Published: February 2021

In this paper, the technological process of fixed ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in practical production of engineering survey is introduced, and application methods of the technology in topographic map surveying and mapping, earthwork calculation, road surveying, 3D modeling and other aspects are systematically discussed. Meanwhile, the paper summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of this technology compared with traditional surveying and mapping methods, discusses the application direction and prospect of ground-based 3D laser scanning technology in the future11, and provide a reference for the application of this technology in urban engineering surveying.
Research on the displacement change of construction enclosure system of deep foundation
Authors: Liu Fei , Shne Mingliang , Wang Hongmei
Published: February 2021

By analyzing the monitoring data of the excavation of foundation, the maximum lateral displacement depth and the top vertical displacement of the retaining wall, the vertical displacement of the column are studied. Research indicates that the 3rd power polynomial curve can better fit the depth change law of the maximum lateral deformation of retaining wall at each monitoring point；the fourth support demolition has great influence on the lateral displacement and deformation of retaining wall. The excavation of the third layer has greatly increased the deformation of the top of retaining wall. After the second support is removed, the vertical deformation of the top of the retaining wall change to negative. The vertical deformation of the column gradually decreases until the deformation becomes smooth after the first support is removed. The deep excavation should be paid attention to the monitoring of the internal displacement and the upward displacement of the retaining wall, the vertical displacement of the column from the excavation of the third layer to the removal of the fourth support.
Research on Mixed Teaching of University Computer in MOOC and Rain Classroom
Authors: Fan Dongmei , Zhang Lu
Published: February 2021

MOOC is a new teaching method that has emerged with the development of Internet information technology. It has realized the platform design with multimedia interactive network as the medium and virtual reality and hypermedia as the real technology theme. We can carry out information dissemination of remote digital satellite video IP multicast technology. This article will analyze the problems existing in the current situation of university computer teaching, and put forward the idea of adding MOOC and rain classroom to university computer basic mixed teaching. The author will put forward reasonable suggestions based on the application of MOOC and Rain Classroom.
The Visual Illusion of the Game Interface*_Take Monument Vally as an example
Authors: Mao Han , Liu Jingru , Qu Zihan
Published: February 2021

As a novel and unique visual form, visual illusion enriches the visual perception of the audience with its vivid and interesting visual charm from beginning to end. “Monument Valley” a large number of the use of visual illusion principle, in which perspective illusion, geometric illusion and light and dark illusion for players to bring a different visual experience, combined with the game picture of the unit object scattered reconstruction, the application of visual illusion in this game has jumped.
Lumbar shape factors extraction influencing the ratio of waist-darts’ volumes for young female
Authors: Zhang Xue , Jin Hongshu
Published: February 2021

To improve the fitness of bottoms of individuals, this study is proposed to extract lumbar shape factors influencing the ratio of waist dart’s volumes of young females. A total of 27 measurement items including lumbar shapes and waist dart’s volumes were collected through overlapped graphics of lumbar feature sections obtained from 30 female college students aged 18 and 24via 3D body scanning method. Results of correlation analysis showed that the total waist dart’s volume was significantly correlated with the lateral lumbar bending level (ytc), and the ratio of each waist dart’s volume was significantly correlated with lumbar anteversion angle (β), lumbar anteverted amount (ytq) and buttock projected volume (ab) respectively with a correlation coefficient above r=0.7. Furthermore, a total of 2 factors with a characteristic value that was larger than 1 were extracted through principle component analysis, whose cumulative contribution rate reached 80.241%. Principle Component 1 represented factors of lumbar anteversion, which was related to the ratio of anterior/posterior waist dart’s volume; and Principle Component 2 represented the lateral lumbar shape characteristics affecting the total waist dart’s volume.
Research on saving-energy air-conditioning systems for the heavy truck cab
Authors: Gao Chunxue , Pan Huayang , Liu Qiuxin
Published: February 2021

This study analyzed the cooling demand of different cab structures and types of heavy trucks under the most unfavorable conditions. The thermal environment of the cab under different air supply schemes is also studied. The utilization of waste heat the heavy truck exhaust as the heat source of adsorption refrigeration systems makes the thermal comfort of local areas of the cab guaranteed while the input cooling energy is reduced.
Breakage Mechanism Study of Overhead Ground Wire Under Lighting Stroke Based On Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Xia Yunfeng , Kuang Fan , Yang Ting , Chen Guanhao , Yang Rui
Published: February 2021

Breakage of overhead transmission lines and distribution lines will lead to severe power outage problems, and clarifying the breakage mechanism of the overhead lines is of great importance and value for the reliability and stability of the power system. Taking overhead ground wire for example, this paper presents its breakage mechanism study under lighting stoke based on finite element analysis. A multi-physics analysis model is built first, which includes the model of contact points. The current density distribution and the temperature rise under the impact of short circuit current are analysed, and contact resistance effect is proved the primary cause for the breakage. Then some major factors that influence the contact resistance which in turn influence the temperature rise are discussed. Based on the discussions, some valuable suggestions are given for the protection of overhead lines.
On the Landscape Composition of Traditional Village in Huizhou District–A Case Study in Qizili Village
Authors: Cheng Peng , Xiao Siyi , Li Yunzhang , Bi Zhongsong
Published: February 2021

The landscape features of traditional villages displayed in the Huizhou District were formed in a specific environment gradually. It was the result of the comprehensive effects of natural, historical, social, and cultural factors. This study took Qizili Village as an example and sorted out the composition and current situation of its natural landscape and human landscape. To refine the proper composition model of Qizili Village, we analyzed the landscape features from the perspectives of the natural environment, layout planning, traditional architecture, environmental elements, and traditional culture. Finally, we concluded the landscape connotation of Qizili Village.
Hormonal Contraception. Guideline of the DGGG, OEGGG and SGGG (S3 Level, AWMF Registry Number 015/015, January 2020)
Authors: Franik Sebastian , Bauersachs Rupert , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , Buchholz Tina , Bühling Kai , Diener Hans-Christoph , Erath Anke , Fischer Ronald , Förderreuther Stefanie , Franz Heiko B. G. , Hach-Wunderle Viola , Hadji Peymann , Harlfinger Werner , Jaursch-Hancke Cornelia , König Klaus , Krämer Günter , Naumann Gert , Neulen Joseph , Oppelt Patricia G. , Pliefke Jutta , Rimbach Stefan , Rott Hannelore , Schroll Eckhard , Schumann Claudia , Segerer Sabine , Seyler Helga , Tempfer Clemens , Thonke Ines , Toth Bettina , Wildt Ludwig , Zotz Rainer , Stute Petra , Kiesel Ludwig
Published: February 2021

Aims This is an official interdisciplinary guideline published and coordinated by the German Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGGG), the Austrian Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (OEGGG) and the Swiss Society for Gynecology and Obstetrics (SGGG). The guideline was developed for use in German-speaking regions and is backed by numerous professional societies and organizations. The aim of this guideline is to provide an evidence- and consensus-based overview of the diagnostic approach and the management of hormonal contraception based on a systematic evaluation of the relevant literature.

Methods To compile this S3-guideline, a systematic search for evidence was carried out in PubMed and the Cochrane Library to adapt existing guidelines and identify relevant reviews and meta-analyses. A structured evaluation of the evidence was subsequently carried out on behalf of the Guidelines Commission of the DGGG, and a structured consensus was achieved based on consensus conferences attended by representative members from the different specialist societies and professions.

Recommendations Evidence-based recommendations about the advice given to women requesting contraception were compiled. The guideline particularly focuses on prescribing contraceptives which are appropriate to womenʼs individual needs, take account of her personal circumstances, and have few or no side effects.
Berufsdermatologie: Was ist neu im Jahr 2021?
Authors: Elsner P.
Published: February 2021

Zum 01. 01. 2021 tritt eine weitreichende Reform des Berufskrankheitenrechts in Kraft, wonach der sog. „Unterlassungszwang“ als Voraussetzung für die Anerkennung einer Berufskrankheit abgeschafft wird. Die Berufskrankheit (BK) Haut Nr. 5101 wird daher neu definiert als „schwere oder wiederholt rückfällige Hauterkrankungen“; ob die Hauterkrankung zur Unterlassung der hautgefährdenden Tätigkeit zwingt und diese unterlassen wurde oder ob Versicherte ihre Tätigkeit fortführen, ist für die Anerkennung einer BK 5101 nicht mehr von Belang. Sind die Voraussetzungen der Schwere und/oder der wiederholten Rückfälligkeit gegeben, ist eine BK-Anzeige zu erstellen und, nach geplanter Ergänzung des Vertrags Ärzte-Unfallversicherungsträger, gleichzeitig ein Hautarztbericht zu erstatten. Mit einer größeren Zahl anerkannter Fälle einer BK 5101 ist zu rechnen; für diese Versicherten besteht dann ein lebenslanges Anrecht auf die dermatologische Versorgung der BK-Folgen durch die Gesetzliche Unfallversicherung und ggf. auch auf eine Rentenzahlung. Zumindest für die Fälle von leichten beruflichen Hauterkrankungen behält das seit 1972 bewährte Hautarztverfahren weiterhin seine Bedeutung.

Keine Änderungen ergeben sich 2021 für die Berufskrankheiten Nr. 5102 (Hautkrebs durch PAK) und 5103 (Plattenepithelkarzinome und multiple aktinische Keratosen durch solare UV-Strahlung). Neue Erkenntnisse ergaben sich jedoch für UV-bedingte Basalzellkarzinome (BZK). In einer jüngst publizierten großen multizentrischen Fall-Kontroll-Studie konnte gezeigt werden, dass bei Personen mit hoher beruflicher UV-Exposition ein mehr als 2-fach signifikant erhöhtes Risiko für BZK an beruflich UV-exponierten Körperlokalisationen besteht. Damit ist für diese Personengruppe das sog. „Verdoppelungsrisiko“ nachgewiesen, und auf der Basis dieser neuen Erkenntnisse ist die Meldung entsprechender Fälle mit einer BK-Anzeige nach § 9 Abs. 2 SGB VII möglich.
Psychosomatic Aspects in Preparation and Follow-Up in Glaucoma Surgery and Their Special Impact on Patients
Authors: Emmerich Gabriele Maria
Published: February 2021

Glaucoma patients often bear a long-lasting burden of disease. This can result in anxiety and stress. Causes and effects of anxiety are identified and case studies illustrate how to deal with them. Some knowledge of psychosomatic management is helpful for doctors in dealing with their patients to provide necessary treatment in a less fearful and stressful format.
Effect of Probiotics and Prebiotics on Oral Health
Authors: Nanavati Goutam , Prasanth T. , Kosala Manab , Bhandari Sujit K. , Banotra Pamil
Published: February 2021

Probiotics are the living microorganisms that have been commonly used in the prevention of gastrointestinal disorders. In recent times, probiotic and prebiotics have been used to assess and develop a natural balance of the microbial flora in the respiratory tract and the oral cavity as an adjunct therapy. They are known to augment the existing microbial flora that is beneficial to the host. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that help in increasing populations of probiotic bacteria. Recent studies have shown that probiotics help in active reduction in gingivitis, dental caries, periodontitis, and halitosis by replacing the harmful oral species, by means of utilizing abundant health-associated oral microbial species. Additionally, the nitrate-reducing bacteria have shown promising effect in improving efficiency of probiotic strains to accentuate oral health benefits. Probiotics along with prebiotics effectively alter the host–microbial interface by achieving homeostasis in multifactorial diseases such as periodontal diseases and oral malodor. The aim of the review is to collate the existing information available on use of probiotics and prebiotics in oral cavity.
Protocatechuic Acid Protects Platelets from Apoptosis via Inhibiting Oxidative Stress-Mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β Signaling
Authors: Ya Fuli , Li Kongyao , Chen Hong , Tian Zezhong , Fan Die , Shi Yilin , Song Fenglin , Xu Xiping , Ling Wenhua , Adili Reheman , Yang Yan
Published: February 2021

Oxidative stress plays crucial roles in initiating platelet apoptosis that facilitates the progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Protocatechuic acid (PCA), a major metabolite of anthocyanin cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (Cy-3-g), exerts cardioprotective effects. However, underlying mechanisms responsible for such effects remain unclear. Here, we investigate the effect of PCA on platelet apoptosis and the underlying mechanisms in vitro. Isolated human platelets were treated with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) to induce apoptosis with or without pretreatment with PCA. We found that PCA dose-dependently inhibited H2O2-induced platelet apoptosis by decreasing the dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential, activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, and decreasing phosphatidylserine exposure. Additionally, the distributions of Bax, Bcl-xL, and cytochrome c mediated by H2O2 in the mitochondria and the cytosol were also modulated by PCA treatment. Moreover, the inhibitory effects of PCA on platelet caspase-3 cleavage and phosphatidylserine exposure were mainly mediated by downregulating PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling. Furthermore, PCA dose-dependently decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and the intracellular Ca2+ concentration in platelets in response to H2O2. N-Acetyl cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, markedly abolished H2O2-stimulated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling, caspase-3 activation, and phosphatidylserine exposure. The combination of NAC and PCA did not show significant additive inhibitory effects on PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling and platelet apoptosis. Thus, our results suggest that PCA protects platelets from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis through downregulating ROS-mediated PI3K/Akt/GSK3β signaling, which may be responsible for cardioprotective roles of PCA in CVDs.
Assessment of Platelet Thrombus Formation under Flow Conditions in Adult Patients with COVID-19: An Observational Study
Authors: Artoni Andrea , Panigada Mauro , Ghirardello Stefano , Lecchi Anna , Aliberti Stefano , Scalambrino Erica , La Marca Silvia , Boscarino Marco , Gramegna Andrea , Properzi Paolo , Abruzzese Chiara , Blasi Francesco , Grasselli Giacomo , Mosca Fabio , Tripodi Armando , Peyvandi Flora
Published: February 2021

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with systemic inflammation, which may dysregulate platelet function. Total Thrombus-Formation Analysis System (T-TAS) is a flow-chamber device that analyses platelet-mediated thrombus formation in capillary channels through the following parameters: (1) the area under the flow-pressure curve (AUC), (2) occlusion start time (OST), time needed to reach OST, and (3) occlusion time (OT), time needed to reach the occlusion pressure.

Methods and Findings Sixty-one COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive, subintensive, and low intensive care were prospectively enrolled according to the time of admission: group A (up to 8 days) (n = 18); group B (from 9 to 21 days) (n = 19), and group C ( > 21 days) (n = 24). T-TAS measurements were performed at enrolment and after 7 days. Median OST was similar among groups. AUC was lower in group A compared to B (p = 0.001) and C (p = 0.033). OT was longer in group A compared to B (p = 0.001) and C (p = 0.028). Platelet count (PC) was higher in group B compared to A (p = 0.024). The linear regression showed that OT and AUC were independent from PC in group A (OT: 0.149 [95% confidence interval [CI]: –0.326 to 0.624], p = 0.513 and AUC: 0.005 [95% CI: –0.008 to 0.017], p = 0,447). In contrast, in group B, PC was associated with OT (–0.019 [–0.028 to 0.008], p = 0.023) and AUC (0.749 [0.358–1.139], p = 0,015), similarly to group C. Conversely, patients with different illness severity had similar T-TAS parameters.

Conclusion COVID-19 patients display an impaired platelet thrombus formation in the early phase of the disease compared to later stages and controls, independently from illness severity.
Sensor Use in Cruciate-Retaining Total Knee Arthroplasty Compared with Posterior-Stabilized Total Knee Arthroplasty: Load Balancing and Posterior Femoral Rollback
Authors: Song Sang Jun , Kim Kang Il , Park Cheol Hee
Published: February 2021

The purpose was to investigate the proportion of severe load imbalance after appropriate conventional gap balancing and analyze the intraoperative kinematics after load balancing in cruciate-retaining (CR) and posterior-stabilized (PS) total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). In total, 45 sensor-assisted CR and 45 PS TKAs using NexGen prosthesis were prospectively evaluated. After appropriate conventional gap balancing, the loads at 10, 45, and 90 degrees of knee flexion were evaluated with a wireless load sensor placed in trial implants. The proportion of severe load imbalance (medial load–lateral load >75 lbs) was investigated. After load balancing, location of the femorotibial contact point was investigated at each flexion angle to analyze femorotibial kinematics. The proportion of the severe load imbalance was significantly higher in CR TKAs at the 10 degrees knee flexion (37.8 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.031). This proportion was higher in CR TKAs than in PS TKAs at the 45 and 90 degrees knee flexion angles, but without statistical significance (31.1 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.134 and 33.3 vs. 15.6%, p = 0.085, respectively). After load balancing, consistent posterior femoral rollback occurred in medial and lateral compartments during 90 degrees flexion in CR TKAs (p < 0.001), but not in PS TKAs. Medial pivot kinematics was not observed in both TKA designs. The sensor was more beneficial in CR TKAs for achieving appropriate load balancing and consistent posterior femoral rollback compared with PS TKAs. Further studies are required to identify target load distribution to restore ideal knee kinematics after TKA. This study shows level of evidence II.
Complications Associated with Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction and Avoiding Them
Authors: James Evan W. , Taber Caroline E. , Marx Robert G.
Published: February 2021

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) injuries often occur as part of a multiligament injury pattern and can present a significant challenge to the treating surgeon. When PCL reconstruction is indicated, complications can arise in the intraoperative and postoperative period that lead to poor outcomes. These complications include neurovascular injury, fracture, compartment syndrome, persistent posterior laxity, motion loss, residual knee pain, osteonecrosis, and heterotopic ossification. The purpose of this review is to highlight complications associated with PCL reconstruction and strategies to avoid them.
Preoperative Factors Associated with 2-Year Postoperative Survey Completion in Knee Surgery Patients
Authors: Kadiyala Jagannath , Zhang Tina , Aneizi Ali , Gopinath Rohan , Ventimiglia Dominic J. , Burt Cameran I. , Sajak Patrick M.J. , Meredith Sean J. , Henn R. Frank
Published: February 2021

Patient-reported outcomes, such as the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) measures, have become increasingly valued as measures of treatment. The purpose of the study was to determine preoperative factors associated with survey compliance 2 years after elective knee surgery. Five hundred patients, age 17 years and older, undergoing knee surgery from August 2015 and March 2017 were administered questionnaires preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. Questionnaires included the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Numeric Pain Scales (NPS), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and six PROMIS Domains for physical function, pain interference, social satisfaction, fatigue, anxiety, and depression. Three hundred sixty-five patients (73.0%) completed both the preoperative and the 2-year surveys. A decreased likelihood of survey completion was significantly associated with black race, lower income, government-sponsored insurance, smoking, opioid use, fewer previous surgeries, lower expectations, lower PROMIS social satisfaction, higher PROMIS pain interference, and lower IPAQ physical activity. Multivariable logistic regression analysis confirmed that black race and lower IPAQ activity level were independent predictors of lower survey completion at 2-year follow-up with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.62. A more robust multivariable model that included all variables with p < 0.05 in the bivariate analysis had an AUC of only 0.70. This study identified multiple preoperative factors that were associated with lower survey completion 2 years after elective orthopaedic knee surgery; however, all the factors measured in this study were not strong predictors of survey completion.
Abrechnung nur bei Anwesenheit eines Intensivmediziners
Authors: Rybak Christian
Published: February 2021

Ein Krankenhaus kann eine intensivmedizinische Komplexbehandlung mit dem Operationen- und Prozedurenschlüssel OPS 8 - 980. 20 nur abrechnen, wenn zumindest stundenweise ein behandlungsleitender Facharzt mit der Zusatzweiterbildung „Intensivmedizin“ auf der Station anwesend ist. Dies hat das Sozialgericht Dresden in seinem jüngsten Urteil deutlich gemacht.
Rekommunalisierung: Kämmerer denken um
Authors: Rößing Sabine
Published: February 2021

Jahrelang schien es für öffentliche Krankenhausträger nur eine Möglichkeit zu geben, ihre Standorte zukunftsfest zu machen: den Verkauf an private Betreiberkonzerne. Doch zeichnet sich in diesen Tagen ein Paradigmenwechsel ab. Immer mehr Kommunen kaufen ihre Krankenhäuser zurück. Doch nicht immer ist das schwierige Manöver erfolgreich.
Modeling of a chain of three plasma accelerator stages with the WarpX electromagnetic PIC code on GPUs
Authors: Vay J.-L. , Huebl A. , Almgren A. , Amorim L. D. , Bell J. , Fedeli L. , Ge L. , Gott K. , Grote D. P. , Hogan M. , Jambunathan R. , Lehe R. , Myers A. , Ng C. , Rowan M. , Shapoval O. , Thévenet M. , Vincenti H. , Yang E. , Zaïm N. , Zhang W. , Zhao Y. , Zoni E.
Published: February 2021

The fully electromagnetic particle-in-cell code WarpX is being developed by a team of the U.S. DOE Exascale Computing Project (with additional non-U.S. collaborators on part of the code) to enable the modeling of chains of tens to hundreds of plasma accelerator stages on exascale supercomputers, for future collider designs. The code is combining the latest algorithmic advances (e.g., Lorentz boosted frame and pseudo-spectral Maxwell solvers) with mesh refinement and runs on the latest computer processing unit and graphical processing unit (GPU) architectures. In this paper, we summarize the strategy that was adopted to port WarpX to GPUs, report on the weak parallel scaling of the pseudo-spectral electromagnetic solver, and then present solutions for decreasing the time spent in data exchanges from guard regions between subdomains. In Sec. IV, we demonstrate the simulations of a chain of three consecutive multi-GeV laser-driven plasma accelerator stages.
Anisotropic dielectric functions, band-to-band transitions, and critical points in
α
-Ga2O3
Authors: Hilfiker Matthew , Korlacki Rafał , Jinno Riena , Cho Yongjin , Xing Huili Grace , Jena Debdeep , Kilic Ufuk , Stokey Megan , Schubert Mathias
Published: February 2021

We use a combined generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry and density functional theory approach to determine and analyze the anisotropic dielectric functions of an α-Ga2O3 thin film. The sample is grown epitaxially by plasma-assisted molecular beam epitaxy on m-plane sapphire. Generalized spectroscopic ellipsometry data from multiple sample azimuths in the spectral range from 0.73 eV to 8.75 eV are simultaneously analyzed. Density functional theory is used to calculate the valence and conduction band structure. We identify, for the indirect-bandgap material, two direct band-to-band transitions with M0-type van Hove singularities for polarization perpendicular to the c axis, E0,⊥=5.46(6) eV and E0,⊥=6.04(1) eV, and one direct band-to-band transition with M1-type van Hove singularity for polarization parallel to E0,||=5.44(2) eV. We further identify excitonic contributions with a small binding energy of 7 meV associated with the lowest ordinary transition and a hyperbolic exciton at the M1-type critical point with a large binding energy of 178 meV.
Ultra-sensitive charge detection and latch memory using MoS2-nanoresonator-based bifurcation amplifiers
Authors: Dash Aneesh , More Swapnil K. , Arora Nishta , Naik A. K.
Published: February 2021

Bifurcation amplifiers are known for their extremely high sensitivity to weak input signals. We implement a bifurcation amplifier by harnessing the Duffing nonlinearity in a parametrically excited MoS2 nano-electromechanical system. We utilize the ultra-sensitive switching response between the two states of the bifurcation amplifier to detect as well as register charge-fluctuation events. We demonstrate open-loop real-time detection of ultra-low electrical charge perturbations of magnitude <10 e at room temperature. Furthermore, we show latching of the resonator onto one of the two states in response to short-lived charge fluctuations. These charge detectors offer advantages of room-temperature operation and tunable operation in the radio frequency regime, which could open several possibilities in quantum sensing.
Amplifying spin waves along Néel domain wall by spin–orbit torque
Authors: Xing Xiangjun , Wang T. , Zhou Yan
Published: February 2021

Traveling spin waves in magnonic waveguides undergo severe attenuation, which tends to result in a finite propagation length of spin waves, even in magnetic materials with the accessible lowest damping constant, heavily restricting the development of magnonic devices. Compared with the spin waves in traditional waveguides, propagating spin waves along the strip domain wall are expected to exhibit enhanced transmission. Here, we demonstrate theoretically and through micromagnetic simulations that spin–orbit torque associated with a ferromagnet/heavy metal bilayer can efficiently control the attenuation of spin waves along a Néel-type strip domain wall despite the complexity in the ground-state magnetization configuration. The direction of the electric current applied to the heavy-metal layer determines whether these spin waves are amplified or further attenuated otherwise. Remarkably, our simulations reveal that the effective current densities required to efficiently tune the decay of such spin waves are just ∼1010 A m−2, roughly an order smaller than those required in conventional spin waveguides. Our results will enrich the toolset for magnonic technologies.
Analysis of carbon content in direct-write plasmonic Au structures by nanomechanical scanning absorption microscopy
Authors: Chien Miao-Hsuan , Shawrav Mostafa M. , Hingerl Kurt , Taus Philipp , Schinnerl Markus , Wanzenboeck Heinz D. , Schmid Silvan
Published: February 2021

In this work, a novel chemical composition characterization method of direct-write focused electron beam-induced deposition (FEBID) gold nanostructures is presented. The reliable determination of the chemical content for nanostructures has been challenging due to its limited interaction volume. We hereby propose an alternative technique for measuring the chemical composition of nanostructures with limited volume. By measuring the differences in the optical absorption of the nanostructure due to the differences in the chemical composition with the resonance frequency detuning of a nanomechanical resonator and the assistance of analytical optical modeling, we demonstrate the possibility of characterizing the carbon content in the (FEBID) gold nanostructures. From our characterization method, the post-purification process with water successfully reduced the carbon content from ∼65 at. % to ∼20 at. %. This method presents a new technique for the chemical analysis of nanostructures.
Saddle-center and periodic orbit: Dynamics near symmetric heteroclinic connection
Authors: Lerman L. M. , Trifonov K. N.
Published: February 2021

An analytic reversible Hamiltonian system with two degrees of freedom is studied in a neighborhood of its symmetric heteroclinic connection made up of a symmetric saddle-center, a symmetric orientable saddle periodic orbit lying in the same level of a Hamiltonian, and two non-symmetric heteroclinic orbits permuted by the involution. This is a codimension one structure; therefore, it can be met generally in one-parameter families of reversible Hamiltonian systems. There exist two possible types of such connections depending on how the involution acts near the equilibrium. We prove a series of theorems that show a chaotic behavior of the system and those in its unfoldings, in particular, the existence of countable sets of transverse homoclinic orbits to the saddle periodic orbit in the critical level, transverse heteroclinic connections involving a pair of saddle periodic orbits, families of elliptic periodic orbits, homoclinic tangencies, families of homoclinic orbits to saddle-centers in the unfolding, etc. As a by-product, we get a criterion of the existence of homoclinic orbits to a saddle-center.
Magnetoelectric and multiferroic properties of spinels
Authors: Sundaresan Athinarayanan , Ter-Oganessian N. V.
Published: February 2021

In the last two decades, significant progress has been made in combining ferroelectricity and magnetism in the same material. Usually, magnetism and ferroelectricity were thought of as independent phenomena. However, the discovery of spin-induced ferroelectricity with a strong coupling between magnetism and electric polarization is intriguing. Whether they interact non-trivially is determined by the symmetries of the crystal lattice and the appearing magnetic structure, which, in turn, depends on the nature of magnetic ions, their exchange, and anisotropic interactions, the presence of frustration, etc. Several structural families of compounds exhibiting magnetoelectric (ME) or multiferroic properties have already been reported. This paper gives an account of the richness of structure, magnetism, magnetoelectric and multiferroic properties of spinels. After presenting symmetry aspects of the crystal and magnetic structures of spinels related to these phenomena, we give several examples of magnetoelectric and multiferroic spinels explaining the relations between magnetism and electric polarization and discuss their future perspectives.
Pressure-assisted fabrication of perovskite light emitting devices
Authors: Adeniji S. A. , Cromwell J. , Oyewole D. O. , Oyelade O. V. , Koech R. K. , Sanni D. M. , Oyewole O. K. , Babatope B. , Soboyejo W. O.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the results of pressure-effects on performance characteristics of near-infra-red perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) using a combination of experimental and analytical/computational approaches. First, pressure-effects are studied using models that consider the deformation and contacts that occur around interfacial impurities and interlayer surface roughness in PeLEDs. The predictions from the model show that the sizes of the interfacial defects decrease with increasing applied pressure. The current–voltage characteristics of the fabricated devices are also presented. These show that the PeLEDs have reduced turn-on voltages (from 2.5 V to 1.5 V) with the application of pressure. The associated pressure-induced reductions in the defect density and the bandgaps of the perovskite layer are then used to explain the improved performance characteristics of the PeLED devices.
Dark-level trapping, lateral confinement, and built-in electric field contributions to the carrier dynamics in c-plane GaN/AlN quantum dots emitting in the UV range
Authors: Hrytsaienko M. , Gallart M. , Ziegler M. , Crégut O. , Tamariz S. , Butté R. , Grandjean N. , Hönerlage B. , Gilliot P.
Published: February 2021

c-plane GaN/AlN quantum dots (QDs) are promising zero-dimensional quantum nanostructures that exhibit single photon emission properties up to room temperature and even above. In this context, it is of prime interest to gain a deeper insight into the recombination dynamics of photogenerated electron–hole pairs captured by such dots. Hence, in this work, we study the time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) properties in the low injection regime and at cryogenic temperatures of c-plane GaN/AlN QD ensembles emitting above the bulk GaN bandgap in order to properly understand the nature of the recombination channels behind the observed non-exponential decay time profiles. Such decays reveal the existence of a relaxation channel competing with the radiative recombination one. It is thus observed that for the former process the dynamics is independent of the dot height, which is attributed to a reversible nonradiative transfer that could be mediated by a spin-flip process to a dark-level state. The radiative recombination process is recognizable thanks to the characteristic dependence of its lifetime with the emission energy, which is well accounted for by the built-in electric field inherent to quantum nanostructures grown along the c axis and the variations in the lateral confinement at play in such QDs. Those conclusions are drawn from the analysis of the time evolution of the PL spectra by means of a simple analytical model that enables to exclude any screening of the built-in electric field.
Enhancement-mode atomic-layer thin In2O3 transistors with maximum current exceeding 2 A/mm at drain voltage of 0.7 V enabled by oxygen plasma treatment
Authors: Charnas Adam , Si Mengwei , Lin Zehao , Ye Peide D.
Published: February 2021

In this Letter, enhancement-mode operation in devices with 1.5 nm atomic-layer thin In2O3 channels over a wide range of channel lengths down to 40 nm is demonstrated using an O2 plasma treatment at room temperature. Drain currents (ID) in excess of 2 A/mm at a drain-to-source bias (VDS) of 0.7 V are achieved in enhancement mode with significantly improved subthreshold swing down to near-ideal 65 mV/dec, suggesting that O2 plasma treatment is very effective at reducing bulk and interface defects. By using low-temperature O2 plasma, the fabrication process remains back-end-of-line compatible while enabling a clear route toward high-performance In2O3 transistors and circuitry.
Progress of x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer utilizing double crystal assembly on KSTAR
Authors: Lee S. G. , Kim M. K. , Kim Y. S.
Published: February 2021

The x-ray imaging crystal spectrometer (XICS) for Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) has been upgraded to increase its performance including measurement capabilities and stable operation. A dual crystal assembly for simultaneous measurements of the helium-like and hydrogen-like Ar spectra is successfully installed for improving measurement capabilities. Using a safety viewing port with an illuminator and removing the XICS control system from the harsh KSTAR tokamak hall for a stable operation are newly performed. The experimental results from the improved XICS are investigated.
Elliptical micropillar cavity design for highly efficient polarized emission of single photons
Authors: Gür Uğur Meriç , Mattes Michael , Arslanagić Samel , Gregersen Niels
Published: February 2021

We present a numerical investigation of the performance of the micropillar cavity single-photon source featuring an elliptical cross section. While ellipticity serves to establish polarization control of the emitted photons, it introduces a trade-off due to reduced coupling to a Gaussian profile in the far field and the need for significantly increased pumping power when a resonant excitation pumping scheme is implemented. Starting from a circular micropillar, we identify optimum geometrical parameters leading to a maximum polarized coupling efficiency of 0.90 to a Gaussian profile in the far field combined with a modest relative increase in the pump power of 16 dB.
Electro-permanent magnetic weight release mechanism for buoyancy control of an autonomous well-logging tool
Authors: Seren Huseyin R. , Buzi Erjola , Deffenbaugh Max
Published: February 2021

We present the design and test of a magnetic actuator that is used to hold and release a ballast and switch buoyancy of a miniaturized autonomous well-logging tool from negative to positive. The actuator makes use of a low coercivity aluminum-nickel-cobalt (AlNiCo) magnet paired with a high coercivity neodymium-iron-boron (NIB) magnet to create and cancel a magnetic pull force on a steel plate by changing the polarization direction of the former magnet. Brief current pulses sent through a solenoid wrapped around the AlNiCo magnet by charging and discharging a capacitor. The resulting resistor-inductor-capacitor (RLC) circuit is analyzed to understand the polarization process of the AlNiCo magnet and state change of the actuator’s pull force. Our numerical solution using a nonlinear inductor model and test results showed that the repolarization can be achieved in steps using a relatively small 0.1 mF capacitor thanks to stored remnant field at each step. This made it possible to save space and energy for the miniaturized autonomous logging tool. Effects of NIB and steel weight piece on the AlNiCo polarization are experimentally analyzed. Magnetic circuit geometry is optimized using finite element analysis to maximize the pull force on the weight. The actuator occupies less than 2 cm3 and provides more than 2 kg-f to carry a ballast that weighs about 60 grams.
Appropriate time interval of PPFD measurement to estimate daily photosynthetic gain
Authors: Murakami Keach , Jishi Tomohiro
Published: February 2021

Photosynthetic models sometimes incorporate meteorological elements typically recorded at a time interval of 10 min or 1 h. Because these data are calculated by averaging instantaneous values over time, short-term environmental fluctuations are concealed, which may affect outputs of the model. To assess an appropriate time interval of photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) measurement for accurate estimation of photosynthetic gain under open field conditions, we simulated the daily integral net photosynthetic gain using photosynthetic models with or without considering induction kinetics in response to changes in PPFD. Compared with the daily gain calculated from 60-min-interval PPFD data using a steady-state model that ignored the induction kinetics (i.e. a baseline gain), the gains simulated using higher-resolution PPFD data (10-s, 1-min, and 10-min intervals) and using a dynamic model that considered slow induction kinetics were both smaller by ~2%. The gain estimated by the slow dynamic model with 10-s-interval PPFD data was smaller than the baseline gain by more than 5% with a probability of 66%. Thus, the use of low-resolution PPFD data causes overestimation of daily photosynthetic gain in open fields. An appropriate time interval for PPFD measurement is 1 min or shorter to ensure accuracy of the estimates.