bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Telecentres as a Medium for Good Governance in Rural India
Authors: Mishra Gaurav
Published: January 2015

It has been established in literature that “good governance” has major implications for poverty reduction, equity, empowerment, and quality of life. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is seen as potentially very influential for the cause of good governance. E-governance is seen as means to achieve tenets of “good governance”. E-governance addresses core components of good governance by seeking to improve efficiency and effectiveness of government, relationships with communities, businesses, citizens, and NGO/civil societies for better provision of services, accountability, transparency, and social development. In the beginning sections of the chapter, ideologies behind good governance are discussed because e-government initiatives are presumably embedded in the “good governance” thinking in development. The chapter also focuses on the relevance of e-governance as a means to achieve “good governance.” In rural areas e-governance services are mostly provided through telecentres; hence, the chapter also discusses the role and issues related to telecentres for e-governance service delivery.
Collective Intelligence in a Computer-Mediated Environment
Authors: Lancieri Luigi
Published: January 2015

The role of the computer in the emergence of collective intelligence is most of the time underestimated. Outside the fact that it allows the collaboration between individuals, it modifies the interactions and memorizes the traces of the activity. These specific features lead to computer services becoming full actors of the interaction with their own influence like individuals. The resulting symbiosis effect boosts significantly the outcome of the human collaboration. Thus, the objective of this chapter is to deepen our understanding of these mechanisms in order to improve the management of collective intelligence.
Privacy-Friendly Management of Electronic Health Records in the eHealth Context
Authors: Milutinovic Milica , De Decker Bart
Published: January 2015

Electronic Health Records (EHRs) are becoming the ubiquitous technology for managing patients' records in many countries. They allow for easier transfer and analysis of patient data on a large scale. However, privacy concerns linked to this technology are emerging. Namely, patients rarely fully understand how EHRs are managed. Additionally, the records are not necessarily stored within the organization where the patient is receiving her healthcare. This service may be delegated to a remote provider, and it is not always clear which health-provisioning entities have access to this data. Therefore, in this chapter the authors propose an alternative where users can keep and manage their records in their existing eHealth systems. The approach is user-centric and enables the patients to have better control over their data while still allowing for special measures to be taken in case of emergency situations with the goal of providing the required care to the patient.
Early Warning System and Adaptation Advice to Reduce Human Health Consequences of Extreme Weather Conditions and Air Pollution
Authors: Bogdanović Dragan , Lazarević Konstansa
Published: January 2015

The authors developed a multi-site Internet service to provide the public with real time information about local weather and air quality, how they may affect health, and how general population and different sensitive population groups can protect their health during periods of extreme weather conditions or increased air pollution levels. The information service is based on data obtained from the Republic Hydrometeorological Service of Serbia and Serbian Environment Protection Agency. Health warnings and recommendations are given separately for each AIQ and heat index or wind chill index value, for each sensitive population group, as well as for the general population. The project is currently implemented on the website of the Institute of Occupational Health Niš and will be offered to other healthcare institutions in Serbia. Evaluation of the system should enable redefinition of heat and wind chill indices and air pollution threshold values if necessary. This chapter explores the service.
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)
Authors: Ciani Adriano , Rocchi Lucia , Paolotti Luisa , Diotallevi Francesco , Guerra José B. , Fernandez Felipe , Suni Alek , Edwin Golda A. , Muthu Nandhivarman , Ohe Yasuo , Grigore Ana-Maria
Published: January 2015

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a global theme. However, social, cultural, and natural characteristics of each nation should influence the application of CSR. This chapter describes CSR practices in five countries: Brazil, Japan, India, Italy, and Romania. The method applied is a descriptive case study, and a qualitative analysis is made. Cross-cultural comparison studies may help one better understand how CSR practices emerge in each country in a globalized economy.
Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Makaros Ayelet
Published: January 2015

Recent years have seen a considerable increase in the phenomenon of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some scholars posit that CSR includes four main aspects: economic growth, ethical marketing, environmental sustainability, and community involvement (Muthuri, Matten, & Moon, 2009; Udo & Pawlowski, 2011). This chapter deals with the fourth aspect of the business-community relationship. Exploratory qualitative research was conducted among ten community social workers who are involved in CSR activities. The findings indicate four main models of CSR relations: (1) the organizational, (2) the multi-organizational, (3) the municipal, and (4) the national model. These are described in terms of four comparative measures: (1) definition of the parties involved in the relationship, (2) characteristics of the relationship, (3) advantages of the model, and (4) disadvantages of the model. The chapter offers a new theoretical framework for business-community collaborations, which can increase the chances of success for collaboration on the practical level.
Using iPads in University Mathematics Classes
Authors: Gouia Rim , Gunn Cindy , Audi Diana
Published: January 2015

This chapter reports on two studies carried out with first-year undergraduate students in Mathematics classes. The first study investigates regular use of iPads over the course of one semester. Overall, the students reported positive impressions regarding the use of iPads in their Mathematics classes. However, only 47% stated that they would join an iPad class in future semesters. The second study is a qualitative follow-up to the first to find out why the majority said they would not join an iPad class in the future. The students in the two studies could see both the value and the drawbacks that the use of iPads in their Mathematics classes would provide. The findings suggest that as supplement to instruction the use of iPads has the potential to enhance the learning process, but classes delivered using iPads only would not meet the educational requirements or expectations of the study's participants.
Promoting Interaction in an Asynchronous E-Learning Environment
Authors: Korres Maria Pavlis
Published: January 2015

Interaction is at the heart of the online learning experience. Theorists consider interaction a defining characteristic of education and regard it as vitally important in the design of e-learning courses. Interaction is a significant component in promoting learners' positive attitudes towards online education and affects their educational performance. This chapter examines the various ways an e-learning environment can promote interaction among participants by using the appropriate communication tools. It presents the results of a pilot e-learning course, confirming that different types of interaction can be promoted at a high level in an online environment and will contribute effectively to the achievement of the learning objectives.
Google Educational Apps as a Collaborative Learning Tool among Computer Science Learners
Authors: Paliktzoglou Vasileios , Stylianou Tasos , Suhonen Jarkko
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this chapter is to investigate students' engagement using Google Educational Applications as educational social media tools to support teamwork. The participants of the study were a cohort of Computer Science students enrolled in the State-of-Art Technologies in Education (SOAT) online course at the University of Eastern Finland. The data was collected through pre- and post-Google Educational Collaborative Applications experience questionnaires and an interview. Based on the findings, it is evident that social media, and more specifically Google Educational Applications, can support social-constructivist models of pedagogy and that Google Educational Applications (as social media tools) have the potential to play an important role in the future of learning environments. The chapter provides experimental evidence that the use of Google Educational Applications can increase student engagement, and thus, Google Educational Applications can be used as an educational tool to support teamwork.
Factors Influencing Behavior of Selecting Touch Screen Mobile Phones
Authors: Khalique Muhammad , Tunggau Senorita Lokie
Published: January 2015

The main aim of this chapter is to examine the influence of factors affecting the behavioural intention of customers. In this chapter, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and social influence are considered as predictors while behavioral intention is employed as dependent variable. A total of 260 participants were involved in this study. The participants were selected through non-probability sampling technique, namely Snow Ball. In order to achieve the objective of this study, three research hypotheses were constructed. The proposed hypotheses were tested by using multiple regression analysis. The findings demonstrate that three hypotheses are supported. The findings show that three factors are playing a significant role in developing the behavioral intention. This study will be a millstone for the potential researchers.
Genderized Workplace Lookism in the U.S. and Abroad
Authors: Sims Cynthia Howard
Published: January 2015

Lookism is preferential treatment of those considered to be attractive and discrimination against those deemed less physically desirable. Value is attached to certain physical characteristics such as skin tone, height, weight, facial features, and hair color/textures. Two of the phenomena that exist under the umbrella of lookism are colorism and weightism, which are both genderized phenomenon that create social and workplace inequities. There are studies that explore physical appearance discrimination external to and within workplaces in the United States; however, there is little research on the impact of these prejudices on women abroad. Since today's global workforce is composed of women from various countries and cultural backgrounds, and their cultural values impact their career aspirations and career opportunities, organizational and career development professionals must understand the implications of both U.S. and international lookism and utilize strategies to address and prevent the related issues.
Outcome after operative intervention for traumatic brain injuries in the elderly
Authors: Li Lai-Fung , Lui Wai-Man , Wong Heidi , Yuen Wai-Kei , Leung Gilberto
Published: January 2015

Introduction: The management of traumatic brain injuries in the elderly (age ≥ 65 years) is a constant dilemma. The aim of this study is to investigate for factors that may predict outcome of operative treatment in this group of patients. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 68 elderly patients who had been operated in a designated center from 2006 to 2010. Patients' age, Glasgow Coma score (GCS), pupillary responses, imaging findings, medical conditions, and the use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents on patient outcomes were studied. Results: The overall mortality rate was 55.9%. Older age, abnormal pupillary response, low GCS, the presence of midline shift and cistern obliteration on computerized tomography were associated with poor survival. Patient aged 75-84 with normal bilateral pupillary response still had an overall survival rate of 52.6% and good outcomes (Glasgow outcome score: 4 or 5) in 36.8% of patients. Abnormal pupillary response in at least one eye and preoperative GCS ≤ 12 were associated with very poor prognosis. Conclusions: More advanced age was found to be associated with progressively worse outcome. A subgroup patients aged below 85 would survive and could achieve good clinical outcome. The prognosis of those aged over 85 with moderate or severe head injuries was extremely poor.
Spinal capillary hemangiomas: Two cases reports and review of the literature
Authors: Tunthanathip Thara , Rattanalert Sanguansin , Oearsakul Thakul , Kanjanapradit Kanet
Published: January 2015

Hemangiomas have rarely been found in the spinal cord. A few cases of spinal capillary hemangioma have been reported since 1987. The authors reported the two cases of capillary hemangioma including the tumor at conus medullaris and the another mimicked von Hippel-Lindau disease. A 15-year-old man was presented with coccydynia and left leg pain. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed an intradural extramedullary enhancing mass at conus medullaris. Another case, a 31-year-old man was presented with a history of familial history of brain tumor, retinal hemangioma both eyes, multiple pancreatic cyst and syringobulbia with syringohydromyelia. On MRI, a well-circumscribed intramedullary nodule was detected at C5-6 level and multiple subpial nodule along cervicothoracic spinal cord. All patients underwent surgery, and the histological diagnosis confirmed capillary hemangioma. Although rare and indistinguishable from other tumors, capillary hemangioma should be in the differential diagnosis of the spinal cord tumor.
Post-traumatic fibrous dysplasia of the parietal bone: A rare entity
Authors: Umerani Muhammad , Bakhshi Saqib , Abbas Asad , Sharif Salman , Arshad Sidra
Published: January 2015

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a rare fibro-osseous lesion in which normal bone is replaced by abnormal fibrous tissue. Although a congenital disorder, a single case report of traumatic etiology had been described in the literature. We report a case of monostotic FD of the parietal calvarium in a 21-year-old female patient who presented to us with a single swelling in the parietal region been noticed after head injury sustained at the age of 7 years. After imaging investigations, the lesion was excised via craniotomy followed by cranioplasty in the same sitting. The histopathological evidence was suggestive of FD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the second case of a posttraumatic cranial FD and the first case describing the growing mass in the parietal bone secondary to head injury.
Inflammation, Atherosclerosis, and Coronary Artery Disease: PET/CT for the Evaluation of Atherosclerosis and Inflammation
Authors: Alie Nadia , Eldib Mootaz , Fayad Zahi A. , Mani Venkatesh
Published: January 2015

Atherosclerosis is a prevalent cardiovascular disease marked by inflammation and the formation of plaque within arterial walls. As the disease progresses, there is an increased risk of major cardiovascular events. Owing to the nature of atherosclerosis, it is imperative to develop methods to further understand the physiological implications and progression of the disease. The combination of positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) has proven to be promising for the evaluation of atherosclerotic plaques and inflammation within the vessel walls. The utilization of the radiopharmaceutical tracer, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG), with PET/CT is invaluable in understanding the pathophysiological state involved in atherosclerosis. In this review, we will discuss the use of 18F-FDG-PET/CT imaging for the evaluation of atherosclerosis and inflammation both in preclinical and clinical studies. The potential of more specific novel tracers will be discussed. Finally, we will touch on the potential benefits of using the newly introduced combined PET/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for non-invasive imaging of atherosclerosis.
Expression Distribution of Cancer Stem Cells, Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition, and Telomerase Activity in Breast Cancer and Their Association with Clinicopathologic Characteristics
Authors: Makki Jaafar , Myint Ohnmar , Wynn Aye Aye , Samsudin Ahmad Toha , Daisy Vanitha John
Published: January 2015

A total of 167 surgically resected primary invasive breast carcinomas and 63 metastatic lymph node lesions were analyzed for immunohistochemical (IHC) localization of the CD44+CD24_low breast cancer stem cell (CSC) markers, epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, and telomerase activity by double-staining IHC technique, in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue, the results were validated by double-staining immunofluorescent and flow cytometry techniques. The results showed that CSCs with CD44+CD24_low phenotype were significantly increased in node-positive tumors, high-grade tumors, and ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS). There was a high incidence of telomerase expression in metastatic lymph node lesion. There were considerably high number of tumor cells with EMT expression in metastatic lymph node lesion, and triple-negative tumor. The occurrence of EMT phenomena was usually accompanied by the co-existence of CSCs of CD44+CD24_low phenotype. There was no association between the existence of CSCs and detection of telomerase activity in tumor cells. Increased numbers of both CSCs of CD44+CD24_low phenotype and cells underwent EMT in DCIS lesion might be an initial step in the stromal invasion and propagation of breast cancer, and occurrence of EMT in the breast tumor associated with high prevalence of CSCs, promoting tumor invasiveness and metastasis.
Genome-Wide Characterization of miRNAs Involved in N Gene-Mediated Immunity in Response to Tobacco Mosaic Virus in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Yin Kangquan , Tang Yang , Zhao Jinping
Published: January 2015

microRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small RNAs (sRNAs) that play pivotal roles in plant development, abiotic stress response, and pathogen response. miRNAs have been extensively studied in plants, but rarely in Nicotiana benthamiana, despite its wide use in plant virology studies, particularly for studying N protein-tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) interactions. We report an efficient method using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics to identify genome-wide miRNAs in N. benthamiana. A total of 30 conserved miRNA families and 113 novel miRNAs belonging to 93 families were identified. Some miRNAs were clustered on chromosomes, and some were embedded in host gene introns. The predicted miRNA targets were involved in diverse biological processes, such as metabolism, signaling, and responses to stimuli. miRNA expression profiling revealed that most of them were differentially expressed during N-mediated immunity to TMV. This study provides a framework for further analysis of miRNA functions in plant immunity.
Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , de Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Lima Darlon Martins , Saad José Roberto Cury , Bandéca Matheus Coelho , de Mendonça Adriano Augusto Melo , Elossais André Afif
Published: January 2015

Ideally projected to be applied on soft tissues, infrared lasers were improved by restorative dentistry to be used in hard dental tissues cavity preparations — namely enamel and dentin. This paper evidentiates the relevant aspects of infrared Erbium laser's action mechanism and its effects, and characterizes the different effects deriving from the laser's beams emission.

The criteria for use and selection of optimal parameters for the correct application of laser systems and influence of supporting factors on the process, such as water amount and its presence in the ablation process, protection exerted by the plasma shielding and structural factors, which are indispensable in dental tissues cavity preparation related to restorative technique, are subordinated to optical modifications caused by the interaction of the energy dissipated by these laser light emission systems in the targeted tissue substrate.

Clinical relevance

Differences in the action of infrared Erbium laser system in regard to the nature of the ablation process and variations on the morphological aspects observed in the superficial structure of the target tissue irradiated, may be correlated to the structural optical modifications of the substrate produced by an interaction of the energy propagated by laser systems.

How to cite this article

Lima DM, Tonetto MR, de Mendonça AAM, Elossais AA, Saad JRC, de Andrade MF, Pinto SCS, Bandéca MC. Human Dental Enamel and Dentin Structural Effects after Er:yag Laser Irradiation. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):283-287.
Evaluation of Cervico-occlusal Dimensions of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisor Brackets for Lingual Orthodontics
Authors: Cotrim-Ferreira Andréia , Cotrim-Ferreira Flávio , Vellini-Ferreira Flávio , Peron Daniele Fernanda , Carvalho Carlos , Torres Fernando César
Published: January 2015

Aim

The purpose of this study was to analyze the cervicoocclusal dimensions of brackets used in lingual orthodontics for maxillary and mandibular central and lateral incisors, to compare them with the numbers informed by the manufacturer.

Materials and methods

The brackets were placed in a template and analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), evaluating the images with the aid of a software that allowed determination of reference points, tracing of lines on the bracket images and measurement of the distances.

Results

Brackets manufactured by Dm Ceosa Hiro, Tecnident PSWb and Dentaurum Magic did not present statistically significant differences between the mean values of slot heights and the values informed by manufacturers. Conversely, the brands Ormco 7th generation, Ormco STb, GAC Innovation L, ORJORG, Tecnident, Ormco STb LSW and Adenta evolution STL exhibited statistically significant differences.

Conclusion

In general, there was a deficiency in the standardization of cervico-occlusal measurements of slots of the brackets analyzed.

Clinical significance

Manufacturers should be attentive to the quality control of their materials. Future studies will analyze the actual clinical influence of these findings on the orthodontic mechanics.

How to cite this article

Cotrim-Ferreira A, Cotrim-Ferreira F, Vellini-Ferreira F, Peron DF, Carvalho C, Torres FC. Evaluation of Cervico-occlusal Dimensions of Maxillary and Mandibular Incisor Brackets for Lingual Orthodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):306-311.
Influence of Different Staining Beverages on Color Stability, Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Silorane and Methacrylate-based Composite Resins
Authors: Özdemir Oguz Suleyman , Karaman Emel , Tuncer Duygu , Firat Esra , Karahan Sevilay
Published: January 2015

Aim

To investigate the influence of different staining beverages on color stability, surface roughness and microhardness of silorane and methacrylate-based composite resins.

Materials and methods

Three different composite resins (Filtek Silorane, Filtek P60, Filtek Supreme XT) were tested. Thirty cylindrical specimens (10 × 2 mm) per material were prepared and polished with a series of aluminum-oxide polishing disks. Each group was then randomly subdivided into three groups according to the test beverages: distilled water (control), cola and coffee. The samples were immersed into different beverages for 15 days. Color, surface roughness and microhardness values were measured by a spectrophotometer, prophylometer and Vickers hardness device respectively, at baseline and after 15 days. The data were subjected to statistical analysis.

Results

Immersion in coffee resulted in a significant discoloration for all the composites tested, although the color change was lower in Filtek Silorane than that of MBCs (p < 0.05). All the composites tested showed similar surface roughness changes after immersion in different beverages (p > 0.05). Besides coffee caused more roughness change than others. Immersion in coffee caused highest microhardness change in Filtek Supreme XT (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Cola and coffee altered, to some degree, the color, surface roughness and/or microhardness of the tested resin composites, depending on the characteristics of the materials.

How to cite this article

Karaman E, Tuncer D, Firat E, Ozdemir OS, Karahan S. Influence of Different Staining Beverages on Color Stability, Surface Roughness and Microhardness of Silorane and Methacrylate-based Composite Resins. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):319-325.
Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of ProRoot MTA, Bioaggregate and Biodentine
Authors: Alsubait Sara A , Hashem Qamar , AlHargan Njood , AlMohimeed Khawlah , Alkahtani Ahmed
Published: January 2015

Objective

To evaluate the push-out bond strength of Biodentine (BD) in comparison with two available calcium silicate based materials, bioaggregate (BA) and ProRoot MTA (WMTA).

Materials and methods

One hundred and twenty-three root dentin slices of freshly extracted single rooted human teeth were randomly divided into three groups (n = 41) according to the used test material: WMTA, BA, BD. After canal space preparation, the filling materials were placed inside the lumen of the slices. After 72 hours, the maximum force applied to materials at the time of dislodgement was recorded and slices were then examined under a stereomicroscope at ×40 magnification to determine the nature of bond failure. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare means of push-out bond strength. Post-hoc test was then accomplished for multiple comparisons. Chi-square test was used to determine if there is significant association between the type of material and type of failure.

Results

The mean push-out bond strength ± standard deviation in MPa values of WMTA, BA and BD were 23.26 ± 5.49, 9.57 ± 3.45, 21.86 ± 6.9, respectively. There was no significant difference between the means of WMTA and BD (p = 0.566), but the mean of BA was significantly lower than those of WMTA and BD (p = 0.000). Under stereomicroscope, WMTA and BA showed a majority of mixed type of failure than cohesive failure, while BD showed the opposite. No adhesive failure was observed in any specimen.

Conclusion

The findings of the present study imply that the force needed for BD displacement is similar to WMTA and significantly higher than the force required to displace BA.

How to cite this article

Alsubait SA, Hashem Q, AlHargan N, AlMohimeed K, Alkahtani A. Comparative Evaluation of Push-out Bond Strength of ProRoot MTA, Bioaggregate and Biodentine. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):336-340.
Another Reason for Impeccable Oral Hygiene: Oral Hygiene-Sperm Count Link
Authors: Nwhator Solomon Olusegun , Umeizudike Kehinde A , Ayanbadejo Patricia O , Opeodu Olanrewaju I , Olamijulo Joseph A , Sorsa Timo
Published: January 2015

Objectives:

1. To investigate the relationship between periodontitis and infertility.

2. To evaluate the importance of oral hygiene to general health.

Materials and methods

Eighty-six men requiring seminal fluid analysis as part of an on-going investigation for infertility in their spouses were serially recruited into the study. Basic dental and periodontal examination were performed. Each participant was also screened for periodontitis using a lateral flow immunoassay kit which detected levels of active membrane metalloproteinase-8. Results were read-off as a color change. Due to some incomplete entries, only 76 participants were involved in the final data analysis.

Results

There were 55 subjects with subnormal counts (of which ten were found to be azoospermic, 41 oligospermic) and 25 normospermic controls. A positive association was found between periodontitis and subnormal sperm count in only one age group but statistically significant association was found between poor oral hygiene and subnormal sperm count across all age groups.

Conclusion

For the first time, there appears to be a significant association between poor oral and subnormal sperm count. There also appears to an association between chronic periodontitis and subnormal sperm count. These relationships warrant further investigation.

Principal findings

There appears to be a link between poor oral hygiene and low sperm count.

How to cite this article

Nwhator SO, Umeizudike KA, Ayanbadejo PO, Opeodu OI, Olamijulo JA, Sorsa T. Another Reason for Impeccable Oral Hygiene: Oral Hygiene-Sperm Count Link. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):352-358.
Endodontic Management of an Unusual Maxillary First Molar with a Single Buccal Root
Authors: Nayak Gurudutt , Dahiya Surya , Singh Inderpreet , Mohammad Faiz Hasan
Published: January 2015

Aim

The aim of this clinical article is to describe the unusual anatomy that was detected in a maxillary first molar during routine endodontic treatment.

Background

Variation in root and root canal morphology especially in multirooted teeth presents a constant challenge for a clinician in their detection and management. The literature is replete with cases that have extra canal or root but cases with fused root and fewer numbers of canals are sparse.

Case description

This case report describes the endodontic management of one such unusual case of maxillary first molar presenting with a single fused buccal and a palatal root. The confirmatory diagnosis of this morphologic aberration was done with the help of spiral computerized tomography, which revealed that the contralateral tooth also had a similar morphology.

Conclusion

Dental practitioners should always be aware of the fact that abnormalities need not be in form of extra roots or root canals; anomalies can also be in form of fewer number of roots or root canals.

Clinical significance

A thorough knowledge of the complexities and variations of the root canal system would help in avoiding some of the common iatrogenic access opening errors like perforations and excessive tooth removal caused during the search for the missing or extracanal.

How to cite this article

Nayak G, Dahiya S, Singh I, Mohammad FH. Endodontic Management of an Unusual Maxillary First Molar with a Single Buccal Root. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):367-371.
Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Periodontal Bone Defects
Authors: Ranganathan Aravindhan T
Published: January 2015

Background

Periodontitis is characterized by the formation of true pockets, bone loss and attachment loss. Various techniques have been attempted in the past to truly regenerate the lost periodontal structures, albeit with variable outcome. In this evolution, the technique being tried out widely is the use of platelet rich concentrates, namely platelet-rich fibrin (PRF).

Case description

In this report, we present a case of surgical treatment of osseous bone defects namely two walled crater and dehiscence treated in posterior teeth with autologously prepared platelet rich fibrin mixed with hydroxy apatite bone graft and PRF in the form of a membrane.

Conclusion

Our results showed clinical improvements in all the clinical parameters postoperatively namely the pocket depth reduction and gain in attachment level and hence, PRF can be used alone or in combination with the bone graft to yield successful clinical results in treating periodontal osseous defects.

Clinical significance

Platelet-rich fibrin is an effective alternative to platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in reconstructing bone defects.

How to cite this article

Ranganathan AT, Chandran CR. Platelet-Rich Fibrin in the Treatment of Periodontal Bone Defects. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):372-375.
Conservative Treatment of Intraosseous Hemangiomas in the Mandible: Case Report with a 17-Year Follow-up Period
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Frizzera Fausto , Beccalli Ivette , Maia Rosa Maria Lourenço Carlos , da Silva Zanetti Liliane Scheidegger , de Barros Liliana Pimenta Aparecida
Published: January 2015

Intraosseous hemangiomas in the jaws are rare lesions and may lead to several complications. The authors present a case of a 12-year-old girl with a radiolucent periapical lesion between tooth 35 and 36 where nocturnal exsanguinating bleeding started to occur from periodontal sulcus during orthodontic treatment. Diagnosis of an intraosseous hemangioma in the mandible was based on positive needle aspiration for blood, computed tomography and arteriography. At first the family chose to only follow-up the lesion but episodes of nocturnal hemorrhage were becoming more frequent and a treatment was requested. Embolization and dental extraction were performed in order to treat the lesion. After a follow-up period of 17 years no more cases of hemorrhage occurred and lesion regressed.

How to cite this article

Frizzera F, Beccalli I, Maia RMLC, Tonetto MR, da Silva Zanetti LS, de Barros LPA. Conservative Treatment of Intraosseous Hemangiomas in the Mandible: Case Report with a 17-Year Follow-up Period. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(3):376-380.
Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis to Compare the Cleaning Efficiency of Three Different Irrigation Systems at Different Root Canal Levels: An in vitro Study
Authors: Tambe Varsha H , Vishwas Jayshree , Ghonmode WN , Nagmode Pradnya , Agrawal Gaurav Pralhad , Balsaraf Omkar
Published: January 2015

Aim

This study compared the efficacy of conventional, endovac and ultrasonic irrigation system for the removal of debris from root canal walls, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at cervical, middle and apical 3rd.

Materials and methods

A total of 30 freshly extracted human mandibular premolars with complete root formation were selected and divided into group 1 endovac, group 2 conventional and group 3 ultrasonic. After instrumentation and irrigation, the teeth were sectioned in buccolingual direction and analyzed by SEM and the results were analyzed statistically by students unpaired ‘t’ test.

Results

There was significant difference between mean values of cervical (CV), middle (M), and apical (A) when endovac compared with conventional and conventional compared with ultrasonic group (i.e. < 0.05) and no significant difference between mean values at CV, M and A when endovac compared with ultrasonic group.

Conclusion

Among all groups ultrasonic and endovac group showed cleaner canal walls and less amount of debris than conventional group.

Clinical significance

Application of ultrasonic and endovac can be used effectively for irrigation of canals leading to least debris and better prognosis.

How to cite this article

Tambe VH, Vishwas J, Ghonmode WN, Nagmode P, Agrawal GP, Balsaraf O. Scanning Electron Microscopic Analysis to Compare the Cleaning Efficiency of Three Different Irrigation Systems at Different Root Canal Levels: Anin vitroStudy. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4): 433-437.
The Influence of Different Angles and Reciprocation on the Shaping Ability of Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Root Canal Instruments
Authors: Al-Sudani Dina , Kaabi Hassan , Gamdi Abdulrahman Al , Dakheel Abdulla Al
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was to investigate and compare the effect of different reciprocating movements and angles on the shaping ability of the WaveOne and the single-file ProTaper F2 using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

The mesiobuccal canals of 40 extracted maxillary molars, with curvatures of 20 to 45° were coded and randomly divided into 4 equal experimental groups according to the instrument used (ProTaper F2 file and WaveOne) and the reciprocation range, for both instruments, a 150° angle was used for cutting and a 30° angle was used for release. Group 1 — WaveOne primary 150° CCW rotation angle and 30° CW rotation angle; Group 2 — WaveOne 90° CCW rotation angle and 30° CW rotation angle; Group 3 — ProTaper F2 150° CW rotation angle and 30° CCW rotation angle; Group 4 — ProTaper F2 90° CW rotation angle and 30° CCW rotation angle. Canals were scanned before and after preparation using CBCT to evaluate the volumetric change, canal transportation and the canal centering ability at 2.6, 5.2 and 7.8 mm from the apex. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) values were analyzed, and the significance level was set at p≤ 0.05

Results

There was no significant difference in the amount of dentin removed among the experimental groups, except that WaveOne 150°CCW 30°CW significantly showed the least volume of dentin removed (0.40 ± 0.9) at 7.8 mm. All rotary systems tested in the different groups resulted in canal transportation in different directions at all examined levels. WaveOne 150°CCW 30°CW, demonstrated the lowest mean value of root canal transportation in both the mesial and furcal directions and in both the coronal and apical directions compared to the other groups. At the 7.8 level, WaveOne 150°CCW 30°CW yielded the highest mean centering ratio, whereas ProTaper F2 CW 150° CCW 30° yielded the lowest, statistically significant at p≤ 0.05

Conclusion

The results of the present study demonstrated that differences among various reciprocating motions and angles could affect the shaping ability of a single-file Nickel-titanium (NiTi) instrument.

How to cite this article

Al-Sudani D, Kaabi H, Gamdi AA, Dakheel AA. The Influence of Different Angles and Reciprocation on the Shaping Ability of Two Nickel-Titanium Rotary Root Canal Instruments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):451-455.
Clinicopathologic Evaluation of Lesions associated with Tobacco Usage
Authors: Samatha Yalamanchili , Sankar Avula Jogendra Sai , Ganapathy KS , Srinivas Kandula , Ankineedu Dasari , Choudary Alluri Leela Subhashini
Published: January 2015

Introduction

Tobacco usage in different forms is the single most common etiological factor responsible for oral cancers. The aim of the present study was to record various mucosal lesions associated with tobacco usage and to ascertain the prevalence of dysplasia in them by histopathological evaluation and to compare the extent of dysplastic features seen among patients associated with a habit of smoked and smokeless form of tobacco.

Materials and methods

Seventy-six patients with the clinical diagnosis of tobacco related lesions (Leukoplakia, Erythroplakia, Nicotina stomatitis, Tobacco pouch keratosis) were selected. A detailed description of the clinical presentation of the lesion was noted and the patients were subjected to incisional biopsy followed by a histopathological evaluation.

Results

Showed dysplastic changes in 50 cases (65.8%) ranging from mild dysplasia in 27 cases (35.5%), moderate dysplasia in 17 cases (22.4%) and 6 cases (7.9%) showed severe dysplasia. Moderate to severe dysplasia was 1.83 times more likely to occur with smokeless tobacco usage when compared to smoked form. Data obtained from this study reveals that patients with a duration of tobacco usage more than 10 years were 2.17 times more likely to have moderate to severe dysplasia (p = 0.154).

Conclusion

Thus, the study highlights the role of oral physicians in detecting oral mucosal lesions and screening high-risk patients on a regular basis and also reaffirms the importance of public education, stressing the risk factors for oral cancers.

How to cite this article

Samatha Y, Sankar AJS, Ganapathy KS, Srinivas K, Ankineedu D, Choudary ALS. Clinicopathologic Evaluation of Lesions associated with Tobacco Usage. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):466-472.
Orthodontic Management of a Patient with Cerebral Palsy: Six Years Follow-up
Authors: Sabuncuoglu Fidan Alakus , Özcan Erkan
Published: January 2015

Aim

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a disorder that affects muscle tone, movement and motor skills. CP can also lead to other health issues, including vision, hearing and speech problems, as well as learning disabilities and dental problems. A case report describing the successful orthodontic treatment of a 10-year-old boy with the dyskinesia type of CP and severe malocclusion is presented.

Materials and methods

A 10-year and 2-month old boy was presented by his parents for orthodontic treatment, complaining of his unsatisfactory occlusion and poor chewing efficacy. An extraoral examination showed a convex profile. An intraoral examination showed the patient to be in mixed dentition with a class II molar relationship, 10 mm overjet and 4 mm overbite. In addition, his maxillary and mandibular arches were severely crowded. Cephalometric analysis indicated a severe skeletal class II discrepancy, which was confirmed by an ANB of 12°. The first phase of treatment involved the use of twin blocks with a headgear tube to attempt some growth modification and reduce the overjet. Once it was clear that the appliance was being well tolerated and the oral hygiene was satisfactory, the fixed appliance was used.

Results

Because of the good participation of the patient and his parents, orthodontic treatment was successful in the patient, achieving a normal overjet in combination with successful orofacial therapy.

Conclusion

As demonstrated in our case report, the success of the treatment was dependent on the cooperation of the patient and his parents. Furthermore, this case illustrates the importance of the treatment by a dental team in patients with CP.

How to cite this article

Sabuncuoglu FA, Özcan E. Orthodontic Management of a Patient with Cerebral Palsy: Six Years Followup. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(4):491-495.
Reading Theories in Contemporary Fiction
Authors: McNally Lisa
Published: January 2015

Even after the upheavals wrought by Theory, literary criticism has generally ignored the act and experience of reading itself, proceeding as though something so fundamental to our experience of texts could be taken for granted. Reading Theories in Contemporary Fiction draws on deconstruction and the thought of Jacques Derrida to explore the ways in which contemporary fiction engages with reading, its power, the elusive nature of its experience and the failures of understanding inherent in it. Along the way, the book proceeds through close readings of such authors as J.M. Coetzee, David Mitchell, Toni Morrison and Philip Roth.
Signatures of the two day wave and sudden stratospheric warmings in Arctic water vapour observed by ground-based microwave radiometry
Authors: Tschanz B. , Kämpfer N.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. The ground-based microwave radiometer MIAWARA-C recorded the upper stratospheric and lower mesospheric water vapour distribution continuously from June 2011 to March 2013 above the Arctic station of Sodankylä, Finland (67.4° N, 26.6° E) without major interruptions and offers water vapour profiles with temporal resolution of one hour for average conditions. Over the measurement period, the instrument monitored the changes in water vapour linked to two sudden stratospheric warmings in early 2012 and 2013. Based on the water vapour measurements, the descent rate in the vortex after the warmings is 364 m d−1 for 2012 and 315 m d−1 for 2013. The water vapour time series of MIAWARA-C shows strong periodic variations in both summer and winter related to the quasi two day wave. In the mesosphere the amplitudes are strongest in summer. The stratospheric wintertime two day wave is pronounced for both winters and reaches a maximum amplitude of 0.8 ppmv in November 2011.
The decrease in mid-stratospheric tropical ozone since 1991
Authors: Nedoluha G. E. , Siskind D. E. , Lambert A. , Boone C.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. While global stratospheric O3 has begun to recover, there are localized regions where O3 has decreased since 1991. Specifically, we use measurements from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) for the period 1991–2005 and the NASA/Aura Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) for the period 2004–2013 to demonstrate a significant decrease in O3 near ~10 hPa in the tropics. O3 in this region is very sensitive to variations in NOy, and the observed decrease can be understood as a spatially localized, yet long term increase in NOy. In turn, using data from MLS and from the Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE), we show that the NOy variations are caused by decreases in N2O which are likely linked to long term variations in dynamics. To illustrate how variations in dynamics can affect N2O and O3, we show that by decreasing the upwelling in the tropics, more of the N2O can photodissociate with a concomitant increase in NOy production (via N2O+O(1D → 2 NO) at 10 hPa. Ultimately, this can cause an O3 decrease of the observed magnitude.
Precipitation effects of giant cloud condensation nuclei artificially introduced into stratocumulus clouds
Authors: Jung E. , Albrecht B. A. , Jonsson H. H. , Chen Y.-C. , Seinfeld J. H. , Sorooshian A. , Metcalf A. R. , Song S. , Fang M. , Russell L. M.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. To study the effect of giant cloud condensation nuclei (GCCN) on precipitation processes in stratocumulus clouds, 1–10 μm diameter salt particles (salt powder) were released from an aircraft while flying near cloud top on 3 August 2011 off the central coast of California. The seeded area was subsequently sampled from the aircraft that was equipped with aerosol, cloud, and precipitation probes and an upward-facing cloud radar. During post-seeding sampling, made 30–60 min after seeding, the mean cloud droplet size increased, the droplet number concentration decreased, and large drop (e.g., diameter larger than 10 μm) concentration increased. Average drizzle rates increased from about 0.05 to 0.20 mm h−1, and liquid water path decreased from about 52 to 43 g m−2. Strong radar returns associated with drizzle were observed on the post-seeding cloud-base level-leg flights and were accompanied by a substantial depletion of the cloud liquid water content. The changes were large enough to suggest that the salt particles with concentrations estimated to be 10−2 to 10−4 cm−3 resulted in a four-fold increase in the cloud base rainfall rate and depletion of the cloud water due to rainout. In contrast, a case is shown where the cloud was already precipitating (on 10 August) and the effect of adding GCCN to the cloud was insignificant.
Responses of energy partitioning and surface resistance to drought in a poplar plantation in northern China
Authors: Kang M. , Zhang Z. , Noormets A. , Fang X. , Zha T. , Zhou J. , Sun G. , McNulty S. , Chen J.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Poplar (Populus sp.) plantations have been used broadly for combating desertification, urban greening, and paper and wood production in northern China. However, given the high water use by the species and the regional dry environment, the long-term sustainability of these plantations needs to be evaluated. Currently, the understanding of energy partitioning and canopy resistance to water vapor and CO2 in poplar plantations is limited, impeding an accurate assessment of their true ecosystem functions. This study examined the variability of canopy bulk resistance parameters and energy partitioning over a four-year period encompassing both dry and wet conditions in a poplar (Populus euramericana CV. "74 / 76") plantation ecosystem located in northern China. Available energy (Net radiation Rn minus Soil Heat Flux, G) partitioning to latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat was responsive to climatological drought, with LE/(Rn-G) ranging from 62% in wet years (e.g. 2007 and 2008) to 53% in dry years (e.g. 2006 and 2009), and H/(Rn-G) from 25 to 33% between wet and dry years. Correspondingly, the Bowen ratio (β=H/LE) were 0.83 and 1.57. Surface resistance (Rs) had the greatest response to drought (+43%), but the aerodynamic and climatological resistances did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Partial correlation analysis indicated that Rs was the dominant factor in controlling the Bowen ratio. Furthermore, Rs was the major factor controlling LE during the growing season, even in wet years, as indicated by the decoupling coefficient (Ω = 0.45 and 0.39 in wet and dry years, respectively), and the LE / LEeq ratio ranged from 0.81 and 0.68 in wet and dry years, respectively. In general, the dry surface conditions dominated in this poplar plantation ecosystem regardless of soil water availability suggesting that fast-growing and water use-intensive species like poplar plantations are poorly adapted for the water limited region.