bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate change, physical activity and sport: a systematic review
Authors: Bernard Paquito , Chevance Guillaume , Kingsbury Celia , Baillot Aurelie , Romain Ahmed Jerome , Molinier Virginie , Gadais Tegwen , Dancause Kelsey Needham
Published: May 2020

BackgroundClimate change impacts are associated with dramatic consequences for human health and threaten physical activity (PA) behaviors.ObjectiveThe aims of this systematic review were to present the potential bidirectional associations between climate change impacts and PA behaviors in humans and to propose a synthesis of the literature through a conceptual model of climate change and PA. MethodsStudies published before October 2020, were identified through database searches in Pubmed, PsycArticles, CINAHL, SportDiscus, GreenFILE, GeoRef, Scopus, JSTOR and Transportation Research Information Services. Studies examining the associations between PA domains and climate change (e.g., natural disasters, air pollution, carbon footprint) were included.ResultsA narrative synthesis was performed and the 74 identified articles were classified into 6 topics: air pollution and PA, extreme weather conditions and PA, greenhouse gas emissions and PA, carbon footprint among sport participants, natural disasters and PA and the future of PA and sport practices in a changing world. Then, a conceptual model was proposed to identify the multidimensional associations between climate change and PA as well as sport practices. Results indicated a consistent negative effect of air pollution, extreme temperatures and natural disasters on PA levels. This PA reduction is more severe in adults with chronic diseases, higher body mass index and the elderly. Sport and PA communities can play an important mitigating role in post-natural disaster contexts. However, transport related to sport practices is also a source of greenhouse gas emissions.ConclusionClimate change impacts affect PA at a worldwide scale. PA is observed to play both a mitigation and an amplification role toward climate changes.
Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Neonatal Sepsis in Central Paediatric Referral Hospital in Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Susan , Chapagain Ram Hari , Mishra Deepak , Shrestha Anil Kumar , Shrestha Sushan Man
Published: May 2020

Introduction: Neonatal sepsis is the most common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. The causative organisms of neonatal sepsis are changing and so do their antibiotic sensitivity pattern. So it is important to regularly monitor the change in bacteriological profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern to help update the treatment guidelines of neonates. This study aimed to study the microbiological patterns of neonatal sepsis and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in a tertiary care centre in Kathmandu.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out among cases of neonatal sepsis admitted in Neonatal Intermediate Care Unit (NIMCU) of a tertiary care referral hospital from August 2015 to August 2016. Prospective data were collected with pretested and standardised proforma and analysed using SPSS version 20.

Results: Out of 311 neonates admitted over a period of one year with diagnosis of neonatal sepsis, male:female ratio was 2.1:1. Among them 234 (75.2%) cases were of LONS and 77 (24.8%) were of EONS. Blood culture was positive in 47 neonates (15.1%). The organisms isolated included staphylococcus aureus (34.0%), klebsiella (32%), CONS (24%), escherechia coli (6%) and enterobacter (4%). In LOS, gram positive organisms staphylococcus and CONS were the commonest ones (61.4%). In EOS, gram negative organism klebsiella (65%) was more common. Most of staph aureus were susceptible to penicillins, amikacin and cefotaxime. Klebsiella was found to be resistant to penicillins, amikacin and cefotaxime.

Conclusion: There is possible increasing incidence of gram positive septicemia in LONS and increasing emergence of resistance of kleibsella to the common antibiotics ampicillin, amikacin and cefotaxime.
Cancer and Opium Addiction
Authors: Ghahremani Hossein , Mosavi Jarrahi Alireza , Salami Siamak
Published: May 2020

Drug abuse remains a serious health and social threat in the world. According to the United Nations Office of Drugs and Crime (UNODC) 1n 2010, an estimated 16.5 million people use opium or its derivatives illicitly (1). Meanwhile, Iran has the first rank in the prevalence of opium consumption (2), and Opium is the most commonly abused drug in Iran (8). Opium is the air-dried extract obtained from the seed capsules of the opium poppy, which is used for recreational or medical purposes in different parts of the world (3).  Approximately 8 to 14 percent of opium is made up of morphine, which is processed chemically to produce heroin and other synthetic opioids for medicinal use and also for drug abuse (4).
Globalization and Modernization in Developed and Developing Countries: Typical Features and Main Strategies
Authors: Avdeev Evgenii , Vorobiev Sergey
Published: May 2020

The paper reviews the interconnection of globalization and modernization processes in developing countries. The typical features of the new stage of globalization, such as changing the direction of globalization, regionalization, formation of new global development centers, as well as other problems and contradictions in the main trends of globalization and their impact on the modernization processes in developing countries are discussed. The article analyzes the main strategies of modernization developing countries such as modernization based on the coercive, political and economic pressure of the Western world, leading to copying of socio-economic and political development models and institutions and a modernization strategy based on the convergence of global development models and national socio-economic models. The authors consider the main features of the entry into the world development of the countries of Eastern Europe on the basis of preserving state and socio-cultural integrity and defining their own specificity of entering into a single European community already formed
Problematyka kaliningradzka na łamach „Gazety Olsztyńskiej” w latach 2015−2019
Authors: Żmijkowska Magdalena
Published: May 2020

The article is a presentation of the results of the analysis of the (quantitative and qualitative) content of “Gazeta Olsztyńska” in the field of issues of the Kaliningrad region in 2015–2019. The Olsztyn daily is for the inhabitants of the Warmian-Masurian region one of the sources of knowledge about the Kaliningrad region and its inhabitants. The texts published in “Gazeta Olsztyńska” are also a reflection of the internal political situation and prevailing Polish-Russian relations. They are also one of the ways to promote economic cooperation and cultural exchange in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship and the Kaliningrad District.
Polish and Russian School of Cultural Linguistics: Similarity and Differences of Approaches
Authors: Kiklewicz Aleksander
Published: May 2020

The author reviews contemporary cultural linguistics (as one of the fields of anthropological linguistics) in two Slavic countries: Poland and Russia. The first part of the article discusses the general theoretical foundations of cultural linguistics, as well as the circumstances in which it was established in Poland and Russia (USSR). In the second part, the author discusses the distinguishing features of both linguistic traditions. So he writes that in Russia, researchers are more interested in linguoculturology, in particular in the description of concepts and the so-called konceptosphere. In Poland there is a stronger tradition of researching folk culture, folk psychology and folk language, for this reason the methodology of Polish research is based to a greater extent on empirical procedures, such as field research and surveys.
“Russian Muzhiks – Who Else if not Russians…”: Why Gogol is so Difficult to Translate
Authors: Blizniuk-Biskup Jekaterina
Published: May 2020

The author addresses the issue of how peculiarities of Gogol’s narrative style can be retained in the translations of “Petersburg Stories” and “Dead Souls”, with special focus on the attitude of the narrator towards what is reported. The main attention is paid to constructions with the qualificator russkij ‘Russian’ referring to phenomena deeply rooted in Russian culture and, on the face of it, serving to highlight the national “local color”. Still, on a closer inspection one finds that, contrary to expectations, relevant constructions reflect alienation of the narrator with respect to reported events, being a kind of exoticisms and thus additionally complicating translation. It is well-advised for Gogol’s translators to be mindful of this special variety of exoticization characteristic of his prose.
The Media Image of Language in the Modern Russian Newspaper (on the Material of the City Newspaper “Kuznetskiy Rabochiy”)
Authors: Pushkareva Irina
Published: May 2020

The article represents features of the media image of language in the city newspaper. Semantic and stylistic characterization of the use of the lexeme ‘language’ in the newspaper text reveals the specificity of the media image. The material for the semantic and stylistic analysis of the interpretative field of the concept ‘language’ is the Russian mass city newspaper “Kuznetskiy rabochiy” (Novokuznetsk). Content analysis of the newspaper texts of 2002–2018 revealed regularities of the actualization of the semantics of the lexeme ‘language’ in the contexts. In the newspaper texts, the language is realized, primarily, as a system of the verbal means used to express the national identity, to increase the level of education and spiritual culture, and to improve the mutual understanding. In some degree, the language policy controls and corrects the state of this system. The newspaper texts demonstrate that the speech behavior of a modern person realizes not only the harmonious (the topic of creativity) but also the incorrect use of the language system (lie, verbal aggressiveness, errors, lack of the language taste). The estimation is explicated through the language game, the use of phraseological units, epithets, iterations, and antitheses. These devices create the meliorative contexts as well as the pejorative ones. The most emphasized semantic aspect “Language and national identity” is formed in the newspaper texts, primarily, due to the discourse specificity of the regional edition. One of the local historical dominants of the regional edition is tied to the topic of the destiny of the small nation. Apart from the materials about the Shor language, the main semantic aspect of the media image of language in the examined newspaper texts of the 21st century is the aspect “language and education”.
Melioration Terminology in Ukrainian Scientific Picture of the World
Authors: Petrova Tetyana
Published: May 2020

The subject of the study is the features, functions and structure of the Ukrainian scientific picture of the world and its component – the picture of the world of melioration science. The theoretical basis of the research is the thesis of the foreign and Ukrainian scholars on the scientific picture of the world as a consolidated and structured system of universal scientific knowledge. The methods of the research are the following: a method of structural and functional analysis of the concept, a method of definition analysis, a comparative method and a method of quantitative analysis. It has been found that the scientific picture of the world is a system of concepts that represents the scientific cognition of the world. The functions of the scientific picture of the world are usually identified as heuristic, synthetic, methodological, systematising and world outlook creating. The unified scientific picture of the world consists of the following types: humanitarian, natural, social and technical ones. The format of the scientific picture of the world expressed by the terminology of melioration belongs to the natural sciences picture of the world. The contributors to the melioration picture of the world are the subsystems of its sub-sectors, namely: water, land, chemical, technical, phytomelioration and others. The modern melioration picture of the world is largely formed by means of international terms (about 70%), and to a lesser extent by the genuine (national) vocabulary (30%).
EVALUASI SISTEM IRIGASI TERSIER PADA DAERAH IRIGASI MENINTING DI DESA JATISELA KECAMATAN GUNUNG SARI KABUPATEN LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Wiryono Budy , Suwati Suwati , Marianah Marianah
Published: May 2020

Penelitian  yang berjudul “Evaluasi Sistem Irigasi Tersier pada Daerah Irigasi Meninting Di Desa Jatisela Kecamatan Gunung Sari Kabupaten Lombok Barat”  bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak teknis, ekonomi, dan sosial dari jaringan irigasi serta mengetahui kondisi jaringan irigasi tersier di Desa Jatisela Kecamatan Gunung Sari Kabupaten Lombok Barat.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah diskriptif dengan metode survey dengan melakukan pengamatan langsung. Penelitian dilaksankan pada bulan Agustus - Nopember 2015. Penelitian deskriptif  yang bersifat kualitatif  ini dilakukan di lapangan dengan mengamati secara langsung proses Evaluasi Sistem irigasi dan drainase pada daerah irigasi meninting yang selanjutnya hasilnya dianalisis secara tabulasi.Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Secara teknis dilokasi penelitian tidak ada bangunan pembagi air irigasi, debit air sangat rendah sebesar 0,101m/s, dan terdapat sistem distirbusi air yang dilakukan oleh P3A. Hasil lain, dampak ekonomi sebesar 57% responden mengakui memperoleh keuntungan dengan keberadaan irigasi. Keuntungan yang di peroleh mencapai 11 juta dalam setiap panen. Selanjutnya secara sosial terdapat peran petani dalam memelihara saluran, kelembagaan petani sangat kuat, dan tingkat partisipasi meningkat. Akhirnya, ditemukan distribusi air yang tidak merata disebabkan karena adanya jaringan irigasi yang rusak dan pemeliharaan yang kurang baik.
TEH BUBUK HERBAL DAUN ASHITABA DAN KULIT BUAH NAGA
Authors: Ihromi Syirril , Asmawati Asmawati , Sinthia Dewi Earlyna , Muliatiningsih Muliatiningsih
Published: May 2020

Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei) merupakan salah satu tanaman introduksi yang berpotensi meningkatkan produksi sel darah merah, produksi hormon pertumbuhan serta meningkatkan pertahanan tubuh untuk melawan infeksi, kanker dan  juga sebagai sumber antioksidan. Selain daun ashitaba bahan potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi teh herbal adalah kulit buah naga yang kaya polyphenol dan sumber antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi daun ashitaba dan kulit buah naga merah yang tepat  dan mengetahui pengaruh formulasi daun ashitaba dan kulit buah naga merah terhadap sifat kimia dan organoleptik teh bubuk herbal. Adapun formulasi perlakuan yaitu; perlakuan 1 (daun ashitaba 0%:kulit buah naga merah100%), 2 (daun ashitaba 25% : kulit buah naga merah 75%), 3 (daun ashitaba 50% : kulit buah naga merah 50%), 4 (daun ashitaba 75% : kulit buah naga merah 25%) dan 5 (daun ashitaba 100% : kulit buah naga merah 0%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi daun ashitaba dengan kulit buah naga berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kadar abu, antioksidan, skor nilai rasa, warna bubuk dan warna seduhan tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kadar air da skor aroma teh herbal. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan  P2 (formulasi daun ashitaba 25% dengan kulit buah naga 75%) karena menghasilkan teh herbal yang memenuhi standar SNI.
MODIFIKASI PATI SECARA ASETILASI DAN APLIKASINYA PADA PEMBENTUKAN FILM
Authors: Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: May 2020

Along with the development of technology and processing methods used, native starch can be modified to improve its chemical, physicochemical characteristics so that it can be utilized for further products. Modified starches are starches whose hydroxyl groups have been changed by a chemical reaction (esterification, etherification, or oxidation) or by disturbing the original structure. One method of chemical starch modification commonly used is acetylation, which produces acetylated starch. Acetylated starches are produced from starch granules ethered with acetate groups by substituting starch hydroxyl groups. Chemical starch modification by acetylation with inserting an acetyl group in the OH group starch through the acetylation reaction. The reagents commonly used in the acetylation method are vinyl acetate, acetic acid, and acetic anhydrous. Acetylated starch has the physicochemical properties advantages such as gelatinization temperature, development power, solubility, and paste clarity are high. Another advantage is better storage and cooking stability when compared to native starch. In addition, the quality of the products produced from starch acetate is more stable and resistant to retrogradation. In general, starch modification by acetylation is greatly influenced by several factors, including intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors include the structure of the granules (the shape and size of the granules), the composition of the granules (ratio of amylopectin and amylose, and compositions other than starch). While extrinsic factors consist of reagents (reagent type, concentration), condition of the media reaction (temperature, pH, reaction time, and pressure ), these factors will affect the degree of substitution,% acetyl, physicochemical, morphological and rheological properties, thermal and pasting of acetylated starch. In its application based on the degree of substitution, acetylated starch is classified into three levels, namely low, medium, high. Acetate starch with low DS (0.01-0.2) can function as film-forming, binder, adhesive, thickener, stabilizer, and texturing agent.
ANALISIS KOMPARATIF USAHATANI PADI SAWAH TEKNIK JAJAR LEGOWO DAN TEGEL
Authors: Mulyadin Eko
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui perbandingan hasil produksi dan pendapatan usahatani padi sawah  teknik jajar legowo dan tegel di Desa Banyuwangi, Kecamatan Cibitung, Kabupaten Sukabumi. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah petani padi sawah dengan teknik jajar legowo dan tegel. Sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 13 petani padi sawah teknik jajar legowo dan 5 petani padi sawah teknik tegel. Analisis yang digunakan menggunakan analisis pendapatan dan R/C rasio. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu : (1) Pendapatan usahatani teknik jajar legowo lebih besar yaitu Rp21.622.115/ha, daripada teknik tegel yaitu Rp12.327.500/ha. (2) Hasil produksi padi sawah teknik jajar legowo lebih tinggi yaitu 7.827 kg/ha sedangkan teknik tegel sebanyak 6.000 kg/ha. Ini artinya, teknik jajar legowo lebih baik digunakan oleh petani padi sawah daripada teknik tegel.
Power Domination Number On Shackle Operation with Points as Lingkage
Authors: Saifudin Ilham
Published: May 2020

The Power dominating set is a minimum point of determination in a graph that can dominate the connected dots around it, with a minimum domination point. The smallest cardinality of a power dominating set is called a power domination number with the notation . The purpose of this study is to determine the Shackle operations graph value from several special graphs with a point as a link. The result operation graphs are: Shackle operation graph from Path graph , Shackle operation graph from Sikel graph , Shackle operation graph from Star graph . The method used in this paper is axiomatic deductive method in solving problems. Understanding the axiomatic method itself is a method of deductive proof principles that applies in mathematical logic by using theorems that already exist in solving a problem. In this paper begins by determining the paper object that is the Shackle point operations result graph. Next, determine the cardinality of these graphs. After that, determine the point that has the maximum degree on the graph as the dominator point of power domination. Then, check whether the nearest neighbor has two or more degrees and analyze its optimization by using a ceiling function comparison between zero forching with the greatest degree of graph. Thus it can be determined ϒp minimal and dominated. The results of the power domination number study on Shackle operation graph result with points as connectors are , for  and ; , for  and ; , for  and .
Implementation of Art and Technology in Batik Purwakarta
Authors: Ratnadewi Ratnadewi , Pandanwangi Ariesa , Prijono Agus
Published: May 2020

Indonesia is dominated by cities that have a history of batik, but Purwakarta does not have a history of batik. But thanks to the persistence of policy holders, Purwakarta currently has batik obtained by elevating the local wisdom of the city of Purwakarta. After surveys and interviews, several batik motifs were designed. The batik motif shape, size and position will be studied which will formulate mathematical equations based on basic geometric shapes such as circles, arches, lines, rectangles, which are implemented into the form of computer graphics (turtles) graph and explained in the form of an algorithm (pseudocode) computer programming to make autogenerative motifs on Purwakarta batik that did not exist before. Batik design is inspired by food and tourist locations which form the basis of the formation of typical Purwakarta batik motifs. Jatiluhur Dam, Datura Metel L. Flower, Sate Maranggi, Mangosteen Fruit is a local wisdom owned by the city of Purwakarta. The results of the morning glory batik design and Jatiluhur dew through mathematical and turtle charts are then formulated so that the batik motif design can be saved by documenting the mathematical equation or the pseudocode of the batik motif. With the results of digital motifs, the process of repeating patterns, duplicating and storing data becomes easier.
PERAN BADAN MUSYAWARAH NAGARI SUNGAI SARIAK SEBAGAI PENGAWAS PENGGUNAAN ANGGARAN YANG BERSUMBER DARI DANA DESA
Authors: Junaidi Titra
Published: May 2020

The Role of the Nagari Consultative Body is a form of democracy at the nagari level, Bamus functions to determine the nagari regulations together with the nagari government, to accommodate and channel the aspirations of the nagari community and to oversee the nagari financial management. Regional District of Padang Pariaman Number 05 of 2009 the role of Bamus has not been maximized in accommodating the aspirations of the community, the lack of socialization about development planning and supervision of the Nagari Government and BAMUS coordination in the meeting agenda is expected to play a more effective role in the future management of the nagari financial management. Based on the background description that has been conveyed How is the Role of Bamus in supervising the implementation of the Nagari Government in Nagari Sungai Sariak Kecamatn VII koto Sungai Sariak and What are the obstacles faced by Bamus in supervising the Nagari Government and the efforts made in Nagari Sungai Sariak District VII Koto Sariak. River The research method used is descriptive analytical method. Descriptive research analyzes and presents data and facts systematically so that they can be more easily understood and concluded. This study aims to determine how the role of the Nagari Consultative Body as a Supervisor of the Use of Budgets sourced from Village Funds, especially in the Sariari Nagari Sungai VII, Koto Sungai Sariak District. The results of the research in Nagari, have concluded that the Nagari Consultative Body has not worked optimally in accordance with the role of BAMUS in the Regional Regulation of Padang Pariaman District Number 05 of 2009. The Nagari Musaraharah Agency (Bamus) in carrying out the Nagari fund supervision function has not been maximized, this has occurred. because the Nagari Deliberation Board (Bamus) in carrying out its duties Bamus experienced several obstacles The Sariak River Nagari Deliberation Board (Bamus) was expected to be able to carry out its supervisory function and Bamus's role in the Nagari deliberation to the maximum and be able to communicate well as a partner of the ngari government.
REGARDING DISPUTE AND ARBITRATION
Authors: Darwis Hanafi
Published: May 2020

It shall be necessarily acknowledged that a dispute is usually originated from such a situation in which a party feels harmed by the other party. Unsatisfied expression shall come out if there is any conflict of interest. In respect of which, people shall have such a certain way to settle a conflict or dispute itself, in which the process of dispute settlement engaged herein may be taken through both formal and informal approaches. In relation to which, Arbitration Agency may receive a request raised by the parties in such an agreement and give a binding opinion regarding the matters pertaining to the aforementioned agreement, for instance, if there is any interpretation of any unclear provision; there is any addition or variation in the provision with respect to the existence of any new circumstance. Accordingly, the issuance of opinion by arbitration agency shall cause the both parties bound to it, if a party’s action is in violation to the aforesaid opinion, it shall be deemed to breach the agreement, and against the aforesaid binding opinion, any legal remedy or protest whatsoever may not be filed either in the form of legal proceeding of Appeal or Cassation.
MEMBANGUN BUDAYA ANTIKORUPSI DARI HAL TERKECIL SEJAK DINI
Authors: Wulandhari Aisyah Martanti
Published: May 2020

Without us knowing, it turns out that Indonesia has been following quite a long time in globalization. There have been many changes that have occurred, starting from the cultural, political, economic system, transportation, lifestyle, especially in the field of technology, and many more. Globalization does have a good influence on Indonesia, but it cannot be denied, globalization also has a bad influence. We can see the culture of westernized life is already widespread among Indonesian people. One of them is selfishness and self harm and is detrimental to the interests of others. A concrete example of this is the act of corruption that seems to have been entrenched in Indonesia. And most of these acts of corruption are actually carried out by people who hold important positions of government, both from the legislative, executive, and judiciary institutions, where they should have received sufficiently higher education and have sufficiently understood that acts of corruption are acts of violation existing community laws and norms. Seeing the current condition of Indonesia, our nation needs future leaders who are free from corruption. Therefore, the nation's children are the hope of the next generation who will later hold the Indonesian government. This anti-corruption character is very good to be instilled in children at an early age of course they start from simple things. This article has been compiled with the aim of exploring ways to develop an anti-corruption culture, especially for Indonesian children at an early age. With the anti-corruption character that has been imprinted in itself since early, it is not impossible that Indonesia will be free from corruption in the future.
ANALISIS PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA HARTA BERSAMA AKIBAT PUTUSAN PERKAWAINAN KARENA KEMATIAN
Authors: Effendi Devi Rianti
Published: May 2020

Sebagai sarana perlindungan, dijadikan sebagai kedok untuk memperoleh keuntungan atau demi kepentingan sepihak dan memandang tidak lagi sebagai subjek yang harus dilindungi kepentingannya menjadi sebuah objek diam yang lemah. Untuk itulah diperlukan penanganan yang serius agar masalah ini tidak dijadikan kesempatan bagi pihak-pihak yang mencari keuntungan sendiri, maka dalam hal pembagian harta bersama akibat kematian sangat menarik untuk dikaji. Dari latar belakang diatas maka penulis tertarik mengangkat masalah  penyelesaian sengketa harta bersama akibat putusnya perkawinan karena kematian. Adapun ruang lingkup atau rumusan masalah yang dimaksud adalah sebagai berikut, Pertama, Bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa harta bersama akibat putusnya perkawinan karena kematian, Kedua, Upaya penyelesaian sengketa harta bersama akibat putusnya perkawinan karena kematian. Dari rumusan masalah ini maka metode penulisan ini adalah Yaitu dengan jalan membaca bahan-bahan tulisan ilmiah, buku-buku literatur, Peraturan-peraturan Perundang-undangan dan berbagai konsep lainnya yang dipandang dapat menambah kejelasan permasalahan dan arah pembahasan yang ada relevan dalam Penulisan. Dan Comperastive Study yaitu dengan cara membaca dan membanding-bandingkan berbagai teori yang ada untuk mendapatkan kesimpulan yang dapat dijadikan bahan dalam penyusunan ini. Dalam penulisan ini teknik analisa data yang digunakan adalah analisa data secara kuantitatif, yaitu memberikan pembahasan atau suatu penjelasan tentang bahan Penulisan yang datanya mengarah pada kajian yang bersifat teoritis mengenai konsep-konsep dan berbagai bahan hukum lainnya, yaitu dimana pernyataan khusus dikaitkan dengan pernyataan umum yang diperoleh dilapangan. Jadi janganlah kita mengucilkan janda. Janda juga ingin didengar dan diayomi bukan menjadi bahan pergunjingan, apalagi jika janda itu, menyembuhkan psikis sangatlah berat bagi seorang janda. Mencoba menutup telinga demi dan menguatkan dari gunjingan orang lain. Janda itu tidak selamanya jelek, tidak selamanya mengganggu hubungan orang, tidak selamanya dia hina. Janda bisa berkarya, bisa menciptakan lapangan pekerjaan dan bisa menjaga perilakunya. Jadi terima kami, hargai kami karena kami juga bisa menjadi orang yang bermanfaat dan membanggakan untuk kalian.
IMPLEMENTASI FUNGSI STATISTIK KRIMINAL DALAM PENANGGULANGAN TINDAK PIDANA DI KOTA PADANG
Authors: Wiguna Edryan
Published: May 2020

The compilation of criminal statistics must be used for decision making in dealing with crime. This research is a legal research with analytical descriptive specifications. The approach used is the Normative Juridical approach supported by empirical juridical. The urgency of compiling criminal statistics by the Padang Satreskrim Polres is to provide an overview / data about existing crime in the community, such as the number, frequency and distribution of the perpetrators and their crimes. The technique of compiling criminal statistics by Padang Police is to present the first data. The handling of criminal offenses by using criminal statistics is done by the Satreskrim Padang Police by applying two methods, namely a method to reduce repetition of crime and a method to prevent the first crime, which is a way aimed at preventing the occurrence of the first crime (the first crime) to be committed by someone and this method is also known as prevention (preventive) method.
UPAYA JAKSA SELAKU EKSEKUTOR DALAM EKSEKUSI PUTUSAN PIDANA TAMBAHAN PENGEMBALIAN KERUGIAN KEUANGAN NEGARA AKIBAT TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI ( Studi Pada Kejaksaan Tinggi Sumatera Barat )
Authors: Sundhana Hafri
Published: May 2020

The Prosecutor as a position granted by the law to execute the decision of a judge who already has permanent legal force is regulated in Article 1 (one) Item 1 (one) of Law Number 16 Year 2004 concerning the Attorney General of the Republic of Indonesia. Although the Prosecutor has attempted to save state finances by taking a number of legal actions in the form of payment of an amount of replacement money, in reality the state financial losses have not been returned to the quantity that should be or can be said to have not even the slightest amount of state financial losses successfully returned by the Executing Prosecutor. The issues raised in this thesis are: First, how is the effort of the prosecutor as the executor in executing additional criminal decisions to recover state financial losses due to criminal acts of corruption at the West Sumatra High Prosecutor's Office? Second, whether the legal consequences of the execution of the Additional Criminal Decision refund of State Financial Losses that have not been successfully carried out by the Prosecutor's Executor. Data sources used are secondary data and primary data. The data obtained were analyzed qualitatively and presented in a descriptive qualitative form. Based on the results of the discussion and analysis, it can be concluded as follows: First, the efforts made by the Executing Prosecutor in returning state financial losses due to corruption, include: (1) Making Declaration of payment of replacement money; (2) Tracing assets back; Second, the legal consequences of the execution of additional criminal decisions were not successfully carried out by the Executing Prosecutor, among others: (1) Submitting the case to the Datun section (Civil and State Administration) carried out in a civil suit through the State Attorney Attorney, and; (2) To serve a subsidair sentence in accordance with the content of a judge's decision that has permanent legal force.
PENERAPAN UNSUR PERMUFAKATAN JAHAT PADA PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA (Studi Pada Satres Narkoba Polresta Padang)
Authors: Syah Herit
Published: May 2020

Bad conspiracy in Law Number 35 Year 2009 concerning Narcotics can be seen in Article 1 number 18 and Article 132 Paragraph (1) Investigation of conspiracy in narcotics crime requires evidence that shows an agreement. This research is a legal research with analytical descriptive specifications. The application of the element of bad consensus in the investigation of narcotics crime by investigators of the Padang Police Narcotics Investigation is to collect evidence so that it meets the elements of the existence of a trial / consensus, to commit narcotics crime as in the case with Police Report No. Pol: LP / 17 / IX / A / 2019 / Ta, October 27, 2018. Obstacles and Efforts to Overcome It in the Application of Criminal Consensus Elements in Narcotics Crimes by Investigators at the Narcotics of Padang Police Narcotics is the lack of equipment needed, the limited operational costs of the process investigation, it is difficult to get informants / espionage.
IMPLEMENTATION OF VILLAGE FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND ITS EFFECT ON QUALITY OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS IN JEMBER DISTRICT
Authors: Lestine Aurriel A Enita , HP Agustin , Kartika Sari Nurshadrina
Published: May 2020

This research was carried out on the basis of Law No. 6 of 2014 concerning villages, andbased on an appeal letter from the Ministry of Home Affairs and KPK, in 2017 Siskeudeswere introduced in 28 Sub-Districts and 226 Villages in Jember Regency, Semboro District.The population is in the research of the village government officials in Semboro District. Thisresearch used test for testing instruments, classical assumption tests and hypotheses testing.What is obtained is the driver's performance of linear regression analysis betweenindependent variables and dependent variables simultaneously or simultaneously. The resultsshowed the application of Siskeudes, competency of human resources, understanding ofaccounting, education and training, village assistance simultaneously had an effect on thequality of financial statements of 44.2%. While the independent variables with independentvariables show that the application of siskeudes, education and training, village assistancedoes not affect the quality of financial statements. Accounting understanding has a negativeeffect on the quality of financial statements. Human resources competencies negatively affectthe quality of financial statements.
Multi-National, Cross-Sectional Survey of Healthcare Resource Utilization in Patients with All Stages of Cognitive Impairment, Analyzed by Disease Severity, Country, and Geographical Region
Authors: Khandker Rezaul K. , Ritchie Craig W. , Black Christopher M. , Wood Robert , Jones Eddie , Hu Xiaohan , Ambegaonkar Baishali M.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most disabling conditions worldwide and the disease burden increases with the aging global population. There are only a few prospective studies using real-world data to support effective healthcare resource utilization (HCRU) in AD.

Objective:

To confirm the association between HCRU and AD severity in a real-world population, including patients with all cognitive impairment (CI) severities.

Methods:

Data were drawn from a multi-national, cross-sectional survey of physicians and their consulted patients with all stages (very mild, mild, moderate, and severe) of CI including AD conducted in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, US, and Canada. Elements of HCRU including medical consultations, professional caregiver hours, hospitalization, and institutionalization were compared between CI severity subgroups, and by country and region.

Results:

6,143 CI patients were included with very mild ( n = 659), mild ( n = 2,473), moderate ( n = 2,603), and severe ( n = 408) dementia. HCRU increased with increasing CI severity ( p < 0.001) for the majority of elements measured. Further analyses of overall and regional populations also confirmed significant increases in most HCRU elements with increasing disease severity. The general trend toward increased HCRU with increased CI severity was also seen in individual countries. Individual country data appeared to indicate that earlier intervention decreased hospitalizations and full-time institutionalization at the later (more severe) disease stages.

Conclusion:

Our findings confirmed that HCRU increases with increasing CI severity. Effective intervention in early disease could therefore reduce or delay incurring greater HCRU costs associated with more severe disease. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Effects of LDL Cholesterol and Statin Use on Verbal Learning and Memory in Older Adults at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Wroolie Tonita , Roat-Shumway Siena , Watson Katie , Reiman Eric , Rasgon Natalie
Published: May 2020

Background:

The apolipoprotein epsilon 4 ( APOE4) allele is a well-established genetic risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, there are mixed findings as to how the APOE4 allele modifies the effects of both higher low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and statin use on cognitive functioning.

Objective:

This study sought to examine the effects of LDL levels and statin use on verbal learning and memory, as modified by the presence of the APOE4 allele, in a sample of cognitively unimpaired, older adults at risk for AD.

Methods:

Neuropsychological, LDL, statin use, and APOE4 data were extracted from an ongoing longitudinal study at the Banner Alzheimer’s Institute in Arizona. Participants were cognitively unimpaired based on Mini-Mental State Examination scores within a normal range, aged 47–75, with a family history of probable AD in at least one first-degree relative.

Results:

In the whole sample, higher LDL was associated with worse immediate verbal memory in APOE4 non-carriers, but did not have an effect on immediate verbal memory in APOE4 carriers. In APOE4 non-carriers, statin use was associated with better verbal learning, but did not have an effect on verbal learning in APOE4 carriers. Among women, higher LDL in APOE4 carriers was associated with worse verbal learning than in APOE4 non-carriers, and statin use in APOE4 non-carriers was associated with better verbal learning and immediate and delayed verbal memory but worse performances on these tasks in APOE4 carriers.

Conclusion:

LDL and statin use may have differential effects on verbal learning and/or memory depending on genetic risk for AD. Women appear to be particularly vulnerable to statin use depending on their APOE4 status.
Cognition and the Predictive Utility of Three Risk Scores in an Ethnically Diverse Sample
Authors: Torres Stephanie , Alexander Angel , O’Bryant Sid , Medina Luis D.
Published: May 2020

Background:

Various factors, such as age, cardiovascular concerns, and lifestyle patterns, are associated with risk for cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Risk scores model predictive risk of developing a disease (e.g., dementia, stroke). Many of these scores have been primarily developed in largely non-Hispanic/Latino (non-H/L) White samples and little is known about their applicability in ethno-racially diverse populations.

Objective:

The primary aim was to examine the relationship between three established risk scores and cognitive performance. These relationships were compared across ethnic groups.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study with a multi-ethnic, rural-dwelling group of participants ( Mage = 61.6±12.6 years, range: 40–96 years; 373F:168M; 39.7% H/L). The Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Dementia (CAIDE), Framingham Risk Score (FRS), and Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (WHICAP) score were calculated for each participant.

Results:

All three scores were significantly associated with cognition in both H/L and non-H/L groups. In H/Ls, cognition was predicted by FRS: β= –0.08, p = 0.022; CAIDE: β= –0.08, p < 0.001; and WHICAP: β= –0.04, p < 0.001. In non-H/Ls, cognition was predicted by FRS: β= –0.11, p < 0.001; CAIDE: β= –0.14, p < 0.001; and WHICAP: β= –0.08, p < 0.001. The strength of this relationship differed between groups for FRS [t(246) = –4.61, p < 0.001] and CAIDE [t(420) = –3.20, p = 0.001], but not for WHICAP [t(384) = –1.03, p = 0.30], which already includes ethnicity in its calculation.

Conclusion:

These findings support the utility of these three risk scores in predicting cognition while underscoring the need to account for ethnicity. Moreover, our results highlight the importance of cardiovascular and other demographic factors in predicting cognitive outcomes.
Alzheimer’s Disease-Like Neurodegeneration in Porphyromonas gingivalis Infected Neurons with Persistent Expression of Active Gingipains
Authors: Haditsch Ursula , Roth Theresa , Rodriguez Leo , Hancock Sandy , Cecere Thomas , Nguyen Mai , Arastu-Kapur Shirin , Broce Sean , Raha Debasish , Lynch Casey C. , Holsinger Leslie J. , Dominy Stephen S. , Ermini Florian
Published: May 2020

Background:

Porphyromonas gingivalis ( P. gingivalis) and its gingipain virulence factors have been identified as pathogenic effectors in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In a recent study we demonstrated the presence of gingipains in over 90% of postmortem AD brains, with gingipains localizing to the cytoplasm of neurons. However, infection of neurons by P. gingivalis has not been previously reported.

Objective:

To demonstrate intraneuronal P. gingivalis and gingipain expression in vitro after infecting neurons derived from human inducible pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) with P. gingivalis for 24, 48, and 72 h.

Methods:

Infection was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, confocal microscopy, and bacterial colony forming unit assays. Gingipain expression was monitored by immunofluorescence and RT-qPCR, and protease activity monitored with activity-based probes. Neurodegenerative endpoints were assessed by immunofluorescence, western blot, and ELISA.

Results:

Neurons survived the initial infection and showed time dependent, infection induced cell death. P. gingivalis was found free in the cytoplasm or in lysosomes. Infected neurons displayed an accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and multivesicular bodies. Tau protein was strongly degraded, and phosphorylation increased at T231. Over time, the density of presynaptic boutons was decreased.

Conclusion:

P. gingivalis can invade and persist in mature neurons. Infected neurons display signs of AD-like neuropathology including the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and multivesicular bodies, cytoskeleton disruption, an increase in phospho-tau/tau ratio, and synapse loss. Infection of iPSC-derived mature neurons by P. gingivalis provides a novel model system to study the cellular mechanisms leading to AD and to investigate the potential of new therapeutic approaches.
Optimal preconditioned regularization of least mean squares algorithm for robust online learning1
Authors: Javed Shazia , Ahmad Noor Atinah
Published: May 2020

Despite its low computational cost, and steady state behavior, some well known drawbacks of the least means squares (LMS) algorithm are: slow rate of convergence and unstable behaviour for ill conditioned autocorrelation matrices of input signals. Several modified algorithms have been presented with better convergence speed, however most of these algorithms are expensive in terms of computational cost and time, and sometimes deviate from optimal Wiener solution that results in a biased solution of online estimation problem. In this paper, the inverse Cholesky factor of the input autocorrelation matrix is optimized to pre-whiten input signals and improve the robustness of the LMS algorithm. Furthermore, in order to have an unbiased solution, mean squares deviation (MSD) is minimized by improving convergence in misalignment. This is done by regularizing step-size adaptively in each iteration that helps in developing a highly efficient optimal preconditioned regularized LMS (OPRLMS) algorithm with adaptive step-size. Comparison of OPRLMS algorithm with other LMS based algorithms is given for unknown system identification and noise cancelation from ECG signal, that results in preference of the proposed algorithm over the other variants of LMS algorithm.
Risk of Collusion: Will Groups of 3 Ruin the FIFA World Cup?
Authors: Guyon Julien
Published: May 2020

In 2026, the FIFA World Cup will for the first time gather 48 men’s national teams. It will consist of a group stage made of 16 groups of three, with the best two teams in each group advancing to the knockout stage. Using groups of three raises several fairness issues, including the risk of match fixing and schedule imbalance. In this article we examine the risk of collusion. The two teams who play the last game in the group know exactly what results will let them advance to the knockout stage. Risk of match fixing occurs when a result qualifies both of them at the expense of the third team of the group, and can seriously tarnish the tournament. We quantify how often this is expected to happen and explain how to build the match schedule so as to minimize the risk of collusion. We also quantify how the risk of collusion depends on competitive balance. Moreover, we show that forbidding draws during the group stage (a rule considered by FIFA) does not eliminate the risk of match fixing, and that, surprisingly, the 3-2-1-0 point system does not do a better job at decreasing the risk of collusion than the 3-0 point system. Finally we describe alternate formats for a 48-team World Cup that would eliminate or strongly decrease the risk of collusion.
PENGEMBANGAN KEWIRAUSAHAAN FAKULTAS PERTANIAN BERBASIS SUMBERDAYA LOKAL
Authors: Martial Tri , Mhd. Asaad  , Supriadi  , Mahyu Danil  , Desi Novita
Published: May 2020

Tujuan dari program pengembangan kewirausahaan (PPK) di Fakultas Pertanian (FP) Universitas Islam Sumatera Utara (UISU) adalah untuk membina, mendidik dan mengembangkan kewirausahaan bagi mahasiswa dan alumni berdasarkan spesifikasi produk dalam rangka menghasilkan wirausahawan muda yang kreatif, inovatif dan mampu bersaing dalam dunia bisnis. Sementara target spesifik adalah untuk menghasilkan pengusaha baru dengan berbagai keuntungan dari produk berbasis sumber daya lokal. Metode yang digunakan untuk mencapai tujuan ini melalui serangkaian kegiatan terstruktur dimulai dengan perekrutan 20 peserta, diikuti oleh pendidikan dan pelatihan manajemen bisnis, seperti manajemen produksi, manajemen pemasaran, manajemen keuangan. Peserta juga ikut serta dalam magang di industri mitra, kemudian kegiatan pengembangan produk berbasis sumber daya lokal dilakukan. Kegiatan pembinaan dan pendampingan dilakukan selama pelaksanaan program. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa kewirausahaan pertanian berbasis sumber daya lokal lebih berfokus pada menjaga kualitas produk untuk mendapatkan pasar yang sesuai. Produk kewirausahaan tergantung pada kondisi lingkungan. Output dari kegiatan PPK diproduksi minimal 5 (lima) Pengusaha baru setiap tahunnya. Termasuk jurnal nasional dengan ISSN, publikasi di media massa, dan produk barang yang dihasilkan.