bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IJCM_46A: Attendance in Anganwadi centres through Anganwadi workers’ lens: A Force Field Analysis in Urban slum
Authors: Raul Mayuri
Published: April 2024

Background:

The NFHS-5 found that 35.5% (Urban areas-30%) of children under five years were stunted and 32.1% were overweight (1). ICDS being a centrally sponsored scheme, is functioning nationwide in tribal, rural and urban slums; with a potential to improve nutritional outcome as well as overall development of the child. Children dwelling in urban slums are at a higher risk of being undernourished. As per the NFHS 2015-16 survey, only 40.2% of children from urban areas are receiving ICDS services. The anganwadi workers(AWW) identify and encourage the beneficiaries to attend anganwadi regularly and avail the services.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to understand the reasons for a lower enrolment of children in anganwadi.

Methodology:

The study was conducted in an urban slum in Mumbai with a population of 1.2lakh. We conducted force field analysis among the AWWs in 3 groups of 6-7 each. The factors mentioned in individual sheets and those represented in diagram were analysed manually.

Results:

The force field analysis revealed that the motivating factors for attending anganwadi regularly were closer distance from home, attractive toys/activities, special food on certain days, interactive teachers, meeting friends, siblings going to school. On the contrary, reasons for poor/nil attendance were infrastructural challenges like restricted space, no water and electricity, rented anganwadis; availability of private/municipality preschools nearby; working parents; ration made available at doorsteps during COVID and disinterest in the variety of food provided.

Conclusion:

Need-based revamping of Anganwadis in urban slums is needed to improve the attendance of children and in turn ensure good nutrition and development of children in slums.
IJCM_49A: Mortality trends of road traffic accidents due to human errors in Chhattisgarh and India (2016-2022)
Authors: Sagar K S , Shukla Arvind K , Galhotra Abhiruchi
Published: April 2024

Background:

Road safety continues to be a major developmental issue, a public health concern and a leading cause of death and injury affecting not only the victims and their family but also the economy as a whole in terms of untimely deaths, disabilities and loss of potential income. India ranks 2nd in the number of road accidents and 1st in mortality due to RTA in the world. Road accidents are multi-causal due to interplay of various factors. These can be broadly categorized into those relating to (a) Human error (b) Road condition/ environment (c) Vehicle condition. Human errors for RTA include non-compliance to traffic rules and not using helmets and seatbelts, resulting in mortalities which can be mitigated by proper education, adherence and implementation of traffic rules.

Objective:

To analyze the mortality trends due to RTA by human errors in Chhattisgarh and India 2016-2022

Methodology:

The RTA mortality statistics were retrieved from the Road accidents in India report published annually by the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. A literature search was done in electronic databases like-PubMed, Google Scholar, other platforms using keywords- RTA mortality, Distracted driving

Results:

From 2016 to 2022, both Chhattisgarh and India experienced a steady rise in fatalities, peaking in 2022 due to overspeeding and helmet non-compliance. In 2019, India saw its peak in fatalities from alcohol-related driving, mobile use, and signal jumping, followed by a decline. Chhattisgarh experienced the highest signal jumping fatalities in 2017 and alcohol-relatedriving deaths in 2018 compared to other years

Conclusion:

The study reveals a decrease in road traffic accident fatalities caused by certain human errors post-2019, credited to the adoption of the Motor Vehicle Amendment Act 2019. Boosting public awareness and establishing robust surveillance measures are imperative in curbing fatalities caused by road traffic accidents (RTAs)
IJCM_62A: Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Urinary Tract Infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city.
Authors: Naaz Erum , Inamdar I F , Gadekar R D , Gattani P L , Ali Asim SK , Maidapwad S L , Chavan Shankarrao
Published: April 2024

Background:

Urinary Tract Infection is very common in females of adolescent age group. In rural areas there is little knowledge about hygiene practices among adolescent girls which leads to urinary tract infections.

Objective:

To assess the knowledge of urinary tract infection among adolescent females in a rural field practice area of a city.

Methodology:

A KAP study was done on 287 female girls of adolescent age group between the age of 10-19 years of a village in a rural field practice area by non-probability purposive sampling. A pre-designed structured questionnaire was prepared to obtain the demographic profile, symptoms, treatment history and hygiene practices.

Results:

The current study finding revealed that the Mean ± SD of age of study participants was 16.05± 3.53, age range 11- 21, out of which 143(61.3%) of study participants had poor knowledge score regarding Urinary Tract Infection, 116 (49.7%) had good attitude while 227 (97.4%) of studied adolescent females had unsatisfactory self-care practice regarding prevention of Urinary Tract Infection.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that 39.9% of our study participants had UTI, hence there is a greater need for awareness programs for females to have adequate knowledge, attitude and practices to prevent any complicated urinary tract infections later on.
IJCM_65A: Prevalence and severity of anemia and its association with age and gender in patients attending rural health clinic in Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh: A retrospective study.
Authors: Mitra Chandramouli , Urfi  , Nawab Tabassum , Eram Uzma , Mehnaz Saira , Hashmi Syed Sohaib
Published: April 2024

Background:

Anemia is major public health concern and mainly affects young children, pregnant and postpartum women, and menstruating adolescent girls and women. As reported by WHO, 40% of all children aged 6–59 months, 37% of pregnant women and 30% of women 15–49 years of age are affected by anemia globally. The situation is even worse in India with the prevalence being 67%, 52.2% and 57% respectively, as reported by NFHS-V.

Objective:

To estimate prevalence of anemia and its severity stratified by age and gender in patients attending Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC), Jawan, Aligarh.

Methodology:

A retrospective observational study using routine clinical data of 402 patients attending general OPD of RHTC from January 1, 2022 to December 31, 2022 was performed. Pregnant females and patients who had more than one determination of hemoglobin during the study period were excluded from the study. Anemia was defined according to WHO criteria. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0., descriptive statistics and Chi Square test were applied. P value

Results:

40.5% of patients were males while 59.5% were females. The overall prevalence of anemia was found to be 93.3%. Anemia was most prevalent in children <5 years (95.7%). Females had significantly higher prevalence of anemia (97.4%) as compared to males (86.3%). (p<0.001)

Conclusion:

Prevalence of anemia was found to be very high in patients attending Rural Health Clinic. Targeted interventions like screening programmes, iron and folic acid supplementation and health education should be strengthened for decreasing prevalence of anemia especially in women and young children.
IJCM_67A: Unmet need for family planning and the factors affecting it in rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka
Authors: Jay Ratna , Kini Sanjay , Alok Yash , Kunder Manjula Anil
Published: April 2024

Background:

The world population is expected to increase from 8 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050. China (1.4 billion) and India (1.4 billion) remain the two most populous countries of the world representing 18 percent of the world’s population respectively. Unmet need for contraception and unintended pregnancy are important public health concerns for India in this context.

Objectives:

1. To estimate the prevalence of unmet need for family planning among eligible couples. 2. To assess the knowledge and attitude towards contraceptive usage among the eligible couples

Methodology:

After obtaining the approval of institutional ethics committee, a cross sectional study was conducted in Shirva, a rural area of Udupi district, Karnataka. List of eligible couples residing in areas coming under the sub centres of CHC Shirva which is a field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine, KMC, Manipal was obtained. Married women of the age group 18-49 years who are were included in the study. Data was collected by personal interviews using a semi structured, pre -designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Regression analyses was performed to find out the independent effect of various factors.

Results:

From the preliminary analysis of 539 participants, the unmet need for family planning was found to be 43.4%. The mean age was found to be 33.68 with a standard deviation of 6.27. The mean age at marriage and the mean age at birth of first child were found to be 22.40 and 22.97 respectively. Most of participants belonged to Hindu religion (57%), followed by Muslims (38.2%) and Christians (4.6%). 36.7% were educated up to secondary school and 21.3% up to graduation and above.

Conclusion:

From this study, the unmet need for family planning was found to be high.
IJCM_69A: Attitudes and perceptions among undergraduate students towards psychiatry and psychiatric illness in a medical college in Mangalore, India
Authors: Ashwini M.V , Krishnapriya R , Mitashi S , Akanksha C , Avanthi S , Kumar Nithin , Rekha T , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Mental illness poses a significant global health burden, with negative attitudes towards mental illness contributing to treatment gaps and disparities in care. Understanding the attitudes and perceptions of medical students towards psychiatry and psychiatric illness is crucial for addressing these challenges. This study aimed to assess attitudes and perceptions among undergraduate medical students in an Indian medical college, particularly focusing on the impact of clinical exposure to psychiatry.

Methodology:

A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 440 MBBS undergraduate students using a composite questionnaire comprising sections on demographics, attitudes towards mental illness and psychiatry, perceived need for mental health support, perceptions of treatment effectiveness, and interest in pursuing psychiatry. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 29.

Results:

Overall, students exhibited a negative attitude towards mental illness based on the Opinion of Mental Illness (OMI) scale, particularly in factors such as Authoritarianism, Benevolence, and Interpersonal Aetiology. However, exposure to clinical psychiatry postings led to a significant improvement in attitudes. Despite positive attitudes towards psychiatry as a specialty, attitudes towards its inclusion in the curriculum were less positive after clinical exposure. There was significant support for peer counselling among students.

Conclusion:

The study highlights the importance of clinical exposure in shaping attitudes towards psychiatry among medical students. Efforts should be made to address negative perceptions and enhance the integration of psychiatry in undergraduate medical education. The potential for peer counselling also signifies a need for supportive mental health services within medical colleges. Addressing these issues is essential for fostering a more positive attitude towards mental illness and psychiatry among future physicians.
IJCM_78A: Risk perception regarding Covid 19 and Hesitancy towards COVID 19 vaccine uptake among Health Science students in Mangalore
Authors: Priya Aastha , Jahanvi  , Gupta Vidit , Gupta Adit , Rekha T , Jahagirdar Shubhashri , Unnikrishnan Bhaskaran , Mithra Prasanna , Kumar Nithin , Holla Ramesh
Published: April 2024

Background:

Public perception regarding the disease and concerns regarding safety and reliability of the new COVID 19 vaccine is the determining factor for acceptance of the vaccine.

Objectives:

To assess the risk perception of the health science students towards COVID 19 and COVID 19 vaccination.

Methodology:

A total of 701 health science students from Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore and Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Mangalore were included in this cross-sectional study. Institutional Ethics Committee permission was obtained prior to the commencement of the study. Risk perception towards COVID 19 and COVID 19 vaccination was assessed using Health belief model questionnaire. Data was analysed using IBM SPSS for windows version 25.0, Armonk, New York, 25.0.

Results:

Among the total participants, a higher proportion (57.6%) of the participants had a strong belief that COVID 19 can cause serious infection and 75.1% had strong belief that COVID 19 vaccine could provide protection against infection. Majority, 62% of the participants had received the 1st dose of vaccine, however, 37.6% had hesitancy.

Conclusion:

A lower percentage of the study participants had hesitancy towards COVID 19 vaccine. Major reasons for hesitancy were fear of side effects, history of allergic reactions, concern about safety and efficacy of the vaccine.
IJCM_80A: A Study on Risk factors and outcome of post partum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers attending a tertiary care hospital in Guntur District
Authors: Sankeerti M. , Rajesh A. Hani , Rama A. Sita
Published: April 2024

Background:

Post Partum Haemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. PPH is the most common form of major obstetric haemorrhage. Majority of deaths due to PPH are reported to be in developing countries and the major factors responsible were attributed to lack of access to reproductive health services, availability of skilled health personnel, timely intervention of obstetric emergencies and others such as appropriate equipment and supplies. With increase in rate of institutional deliveries and improvement in quality of services MMR can further be reduced with focus on the factors responsible for maternal deaths.

Objective:

The study was aimed to identify risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage among postnatal mothers and to analyze various factors and determinants that influence the outcome among mothers with PPH.

Methodology:

This was a descriptive observational retrospective study conducted in Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, government general hospital, Guntur. The target population included 50 postnatal mothers diagnosed as having PPH. Other causes of hemorrhage not related to delivery such as accidents and women with preexisting medical and other conditions were excluded. Data was collected from the available medical records

Results:

The prevalence of PPH was 0.96%. The causative factors identified were atonic uterus (80%), traumatic delivery (17.5%) and retained bits (1.7%). Induced labor (16%), prolonged labor (11.1%) and preeclampsia (3.4%) were the risk factors that lead to PPH. The mortality was 4% (2) and the cause of death in the 2 patients was due to shock.

Conclusion:

In the present study, the prevalence of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) was recorded at 0.96%. Uterine atony emerged as the primary contributing factor, with induced labor identified as the leading risk factor associated with an increased predisposition to PPH. Shock stood out as the predominant cause of mortality.
IJCM_83A: Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia in a child
Authors: Vasundhara J , Bhat Kamalakshi
Published: April 2024

Background:

PCD is rare genetic disorder with incidence of 1:10,000. We present a 10-year-boy who came with recurrent respiratory-infections with Dextrocardia and bilateral Bronchiectasis for interesting clinical presentation.

Objective:

PCD is rare inherited disease with mutations which impair normal cilia function, characterized by impaired muco-ciliary clearance, causing recurrent-respiratory infections leading to bronchiectasis. Treatment includes preventing and managing complications.

Methodology:

10-year-old child came cough-cold since 2 days, and hurried breathing since 1 day. Child had multiple episodes of respiratory- infections which was treated with antibiotics and nebulization on OP basis. Developmental delay also noted, currently in speech domain, can speak 2-3 words. On examination, open mouth breathing and clubbing(grade 3) present. On auscultation bilateral bronchial breath sounds with coarse crepitations. Heart sounds heard louder on right side, but no murmur was heard. Chest X-ray and 2D-ECHO showed Situs-Solitus with Dextrocardia. Child required non-invasive ventilation and IV antibiotics for treatment. Child was weaned off to room air by day 4. CT Thorax done showed bronchiectatic changes in bilateral lung with volume loss of right hemithorax with mediastinal shift to right. CT Nasopharynx and OMC done for open-mouth breathing was normal, and advised steroid nasal spray for nasal blockage. Physiotherapist counselled parents about postural drainage. Genetic testing for PCD was sent, report awaited. He is on regular follow up and doing well.

Results:

Primary defect in PCD is structure and/or function of cilia leading to accumulation of secretions. Diagnostic criteria includes recurrent chest infections, bronchitis, and rhinitis, with situs-inversus, infertility, decreased mucociliary clearance and cilia showing ultrastructural defect on electron microscopy. We suspected PCD with clinical features and imaging studies.

Conclusion:

Patients are frequently troubled by repeated infections for which they need to seek medical attention which is reason for morbidity. As there is no specific treatment, early diagnosis and prevention of complication is key to management.
IJCM_86A: Assessment of Breastfeeding practices in a Tribal District of Maharashtra: A Cross-sectional study.
Authors: Pereira Queensly Thomas , Hadaye Rujuta S.
Published: April 2024

Background:

As the WHO aptly puts it, breastfeeding is the cornerstone of child survival, nutrition and development, as well as maternal health. However, contrary to the WHO recommendations, fewer than half of infants under 6 months of age are exclusively breastfed (1) According to the National Family Health Survey data of India, only 71% of children under 6 months are exclusively breastfed in Maharashtra. (2) This may be seen more in the tribal communities due to their geographical location and strong cultural norms. This study aims to assess the breastfeeding practices that are prevalent in a tribal district.

Objectives:

1) To estimate the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population. 2) To determine the factors associated with exclusive breastfeeding in the tribal population.

Methodology:

This is a community based cross-sectional observational research project. The study population is mothers belonging to the Scheduled Tribes Category with infant in the age group of 6 months to 1 year. 161 women were selected by simple random sampling using a random number table. A structured interview schedule was used to conduct the interviews. Data was analysed using appropriate statistical test.

Results:

The overall prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding is 63%. 72.7% of mothers belonging to the Warli tribe and 91% of mothers of the age under 20 years followed the recommended exclusive breastfeeding. Even the place of delivery of the child was found to be significantly associated with the exclusive breastfeeding.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of breastfeeding in the tribal population is less than the overall prevalence of the entire state. More efforts are needed to create awareness about the concept and the benefits of exclusive breastfeeding.
IJCM_89A: Job satisfaction of anganwadi workers in Thrissur district
Authors: Sajan Sarangi , Navya C.J
Published: April 2024

Background:

India ranked 2nd in the world with over 47 per cent of its children exhibiting malnutrition. The sub-schemes of ICDS are supplementary nutrition, non-formal preschool education, immunization, health check-up and referral services. Attainment of ICDS programme goals depends upon the effectiveness of Anganwadi workers. This study was conducted with the objectives to know the job satisfaction of Anganwadi workers.

Objectives:

1) To assess the level of Job Satisfaction of Anganwadi workers. 2) To find out any significant relationship of Job Satisfaction with Age, Educational qualifications and Experience

Methodology:

A cross sectional study was conducted among Anganwadi workers of Thrissur District. Total 120 Anganwadi workers (AWWs) were selected by convenience sampling. The data was collected after obtaining consent from the participants using semi structured questionnaire. Data entry was performed using Google Forms and was analysed using SPSS.

Results:

The results showed that, 21.7% of AWWs possessed low satisfaction, 45% with moderate satisfaction and 33.3% with high satisfaction. Among study participants, 48.3% were BPL and 51.7% were APL .65% have completed SSLC, 20.0% with Pre-degree,12.5% with Degree and 2.5% with Postgraduation. It was found that, socio-economic status and education have a significant relationship with job satisfaction. Whereas, age, family size, experience and training of the respondents found to be non-significant with job satisfaction of Anganwadi workers.

Conclusion:

Nearly one-fourth of AWWs had low satisfaction with their job and less than half of the respondents were extremely satisfied. The job satisfaction can directly influence their work performance.
IJCM_95A: To Assess the knowledge and practice regarding reproductive tract infection among female of reproductive age group in Raipur city Chhattisgarh
Authors: Mahant Madhavi , Verma Nirmal , Jaiswal Prashant
Published: April 2024

Background:

Reproductive tract infection (RTI) is a global health problem among women, especially in South East Asia Region (SEAR) countries. They may progress to serious complications and cause a high degree of morbidity during the sexually active period of life. More than a million women and infants die of the complications of RTI every year. RTI has become a silent epidemic that devastates women’s lives. Globally, three different types of RTI cause significant amounts of morbidity and mortality among women – sexually transmitted infections (STIs) (including gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, trichomonas, and HIV infections); endogenous infections resulting from the overgrowth of organisms normally present in the reproductive tract (such as candidiasis and bacterial vaginosis); and iatrogenic infections related to medical procedures (such as menstrual regulation, abortion or IUD insertion). The presence of STI increases the risk of acquiring and transmitting HIV infection by three to five times.

Objectives:

1- To Assess the knowledge of female what is reproductive tract infection how it occur and spread among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh. 2- To Assess the Factors associated with Knowledge among residents of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh.

Methodology:

This is an observational cross-sectional study conducted in Raipur City of Chhattisgarh state during the month October 23-January 2024. A pre-designed, self-administered, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Systematic Random sampling technique was adopted to select the 350 Study participants.

Results:

The majority of subjects were between the age of 15-34 year. Most of the subject were of lower middle class socioeconomic status. Additionally, 37.8% of participants were graduates, 59.4% were married and 70% were unemployed. 30.3% subjects had not heard about Reproductive tract infection. 50.6% subjects don’t know about symptoms of RTI, almost half 49.4% subject don’t have knowledge about effect of RTI on health and only 84% female believed that good personal hygiene prevent RTI. 45.1% subjects did not wash their private part after urination, 10.5% female did not wash their used cloth daily after each use. 63.9% female used feminine hygiene products to maintain personal hygiene, 10% female did not change their cloth daily, 33.1% women did not change their pad/ cloth within every 4–6-hour interval during menstruation.

Conclusion:

Educate women through camps about genital hygiene practices to reduce the risk of RTI. For increased usage of Sanitary pads, more number of sanitary vending machine should be installed in schools, colleges, and health facilities. Implement awareness programs, promoting regular check- ups and safe sex practices to mitigate the risk of RTI.
Bioinformatic Analysis of Genes Associated with Autophagy in Vitiligo
Authors: Zhao Yilu , Ge Kang , Cheng Yan , Zhang Ru-zhi
Published: April 2024

Background:

As vitiligo progresses, autophagy becomes more and more important.

Objectives:

To validate potential genes associated with autophagy in vitiligo through bioinformatics analysis and experimental testing.

Materials and Methods:

Dataset GSE75819 of mRNA expression profiles was obtained from GEO. After data normalisation, gene set enrichment analyse enrichment analysis and abundance analysis of infiltrating immune cells were performed. A list of autophagy-related differentially expressed genes (ARDEGs) associated with vitiligo was generated using R software. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis, correlation analysis, and enrichment analysis on gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto encyclopaedia of genes and genome (KEGG) pathways were conducted on the ARDEG data. The microRNAs associated with hub genes were predicted using the TargetScan database. Finally, RNA expression of 10 hub genes and Western blotting (WB) of autophagy pathway factors were further verified.

Results:

From the lesions of 15 vitiligo patients, 44 ARDEGs were identified. PPI analysis demonstrated that these ARDEGs interacted with each other. GO and KEGG analyses of ARDEGs revealed that several enriched terms were associated with macroautophagy (biological process), vacuolar membranes (cellular components), cysteine-type peptidase activity (molecular function), and autophagy in animals, neurodegeneration-multiple disease pathways, and apoptosis. In vitiligo lesions, qRT-PCR and sequencing validation analyses showed expression levels of CCL2, RB1CC1, TP53, and ATG9A that were consistent with bioinformatic analysis of the microarray. WB results also showed that autophagy-related proteins were differentially expressed.

Conclusions:

Forty-four potential ARDEGs were identified in vitiligo by bioinformatic analysis. Vitiligo may be affected by autophagy regulation through CCL2, RB1CC1, TP53, and ATG9A.
Gabapentin-induced Alopecia: A Rare Adverse Effect Unveiled
Authors: Thomas Stephy Rachel , Mathews Swetha Reba , John John K. , Kodiattu Sara Kurien
Published: April 2024

Gabapentin is an antiepileptic drug which is effective in managing specific forms of neuropathic pain. It is widely used due to its efficacy and safety. Alopecia is a rare adverse drug reaction of gabapentin. We herein report the case of a 73-year-old female who developed severe hair loss after initiating treatment with gabapentin for thoracic radiculopathy.
Left Ventricle Noncompaction Phenotype: Cause or Consequence?
Authors: Casavecchia Grazia , Gravina Matteo , Mautone Francesco , Pesolo Maurizio , Mangini Francesco , Macarini Luca , Brunetti Natale Daniele
Published: April 2024

Left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC) is commonly described as a congenital cardiomyopathy characterized by prominent myocardial trabeculae and deep intertrabecular recesses extending in the left ventricular chamber. Clinical presentation can differ considerably from asymptomatic individuals to those presenting with heart failure and other serious complications. Diagnosis is usually made by two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography or cardiac magnetic resonance. Moreover, even if strain parameters are significantly reduced in patients with LVNC, they are not routinely investigated. Here, we report the case of a previously symptomless patient admitted to the hospital for pulmonary edema. Two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography showed severe valvular heart disease and left ventricle pronounced trabeculation and remodeling, although speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) demonstrated only mild strain reduction. We, therefore, explore the possibility that STE may be useful to differentiate LVNC cardiomyopathy from LVNC phenotype due to severe remodeling.
Does Speckle Tracking Transthoracic Echocardiography Indicate Subtle Changes in Left Ventricular Function in Heart Failure Patients with Reduced Ejection Fraction Treated by Sacubitril-valsartan?
Authors: Setouhi Amr , Mohamed Osama Nady , Farrag Hazem M. A. , Taha Naser Mohamed , Ramadan Alaa , Askalany Hany Taha
Published: April 2024

Background:

In heart failure patients and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), assessing subtle changes in left ventricle (LV) function is crucial for monitoring treatment efficacy. This study aims to determine the effect of valsartan/sacubitril on LV ejection fraction (EF) assessed by two-dimensional (2D) transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) in comparison to that assessed by 2D TTE speckle tracking in patients with HFrEF ≤35% after 6 months of treatment.

Patients and Methods:

A prospective study will be conducted on 200 heart failure patients with reduced EF (HFrEF) undergoing sacubitril-valsartan treatment. Each participant underwent a comprehensive evaluation, including physical examination, history taking, serial 12-lead electrocardiogram, and 2D echo to evaluate cardiac parameters. In addition, 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) assessments were conducted before and after 6 months of valsartan/sacubitril treatment.

Results:

The enrolled patients had an average age of 48 years with 63% females. At the beginning of the study, 9 (4.5%) patients were classified as New York Heart Association (NYHA) FC I, 120 (60%) as NYHA FC II, 64 (32%) as NYHA FC III, and 7 (3.5%) as FC IV. Following treatment, 82 (41%) patients improved to NYHA FC I, and 118 (59%) were in NYHA FC II. Notably, 82 (41%) patients showed improved left ventricular EF (LVEF), detected either by traditional TTE or STE, whereas 118 (59%) showed no improvement in EF through traditional TTE. In addition, 74 (37%) patients demonstrated improvement detected by STE. In contrast, 44 (22%) patients demonstrated no improvement in EF detected by either TTE or STE.

Conclusion:

STE was a more reliable diagnostic method for seeing early LVEF improvement in patients with HFrEF receiving valsartan/sacubitril treatment not seen by conventional TTE.
Comparative evaluation of retentive strength of Figaro crowns and stainless steel crowns luted with glass ionomer cement and resin-modified glass ionomer cement – An in vitro study
Authors: Mandyala Venkata Swathi , Padakandla Prathyusha , Kola Naveen Krishna , Kedari Sri Lakshmi , Putta Leshya , Gandhasiri Keerthi
Published: April 2024

Aims:

To compare the tensile strength of Figaro crowns and SSC using two different kinds of luting cements, i.e. GIC and RM-GIC.

Methods and Material:

Forty extracted human deciduous molars are used in this study; tooth preparation was done to receive the crowns and were categorized into two groups: stainless steel crowns and Figaro crowns that were further divided into two subgroups, one that was luted with GIC and the other with RM-GIC. Then, the tensile strength of the crowns was evaluated with a universal testing machine.

Statistical analysis used:

Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and post
hoc Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.

Results:

Stainless steel crowns had showed greater tensile strength than Figaro when luted with GIC; in contrast with RMGIC, Figaro exhibited greater retentive strength.

Conclusions:

GIC exhibited highest retentive strength as luting agents for stainless steel crowns.
Comparative study of intraoperative cytology, Frozen section and histopathology of ovarian neoplasms
Authors: Dubey Anmol , Malpani Garima , Dosi Shilpi , Varma Amit V. , Malukani Kamal
Published: April 2024

Objective:

To evaluate the role of intraoperative cytology in the diagnosis of ovarian tumours.

Methods:

A cross sectional study of 75 cases received from January 2016 to October 2021 was conducted in the Department of Pathology for ovarian neoplasms received for imprint cytology, frozen section and histopathology. On receiving the unfixed specimen per operatively, gross examination was performed and Imprint cytology/Scrape smears were obtained followed by staining of slides with field and rapid hematoxylin eosin stain. A few representative tissue sections were taken and processed for frozen section. After frozen section and imprint cytology reporting, specimens were fixed in formalin and processed for paraffin blocks for histopathological examination. Results of imprint cytology, frozen and paraffin sections were recorded and categorized as benign, borderline malignant. Accuracy of frozen section and imprint cytology was determined by comparing them with histopathology.

Results:

Of 75 lesions studied by intraoperative cytology,57 lesions were classified as benign and 18 as malignant. Comparing the diagnosis of cytology smears and frozen section with histopathology,72 of 75 cases were concordant. When imprint cytology and frozen section was compared with histology, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 98.2%,89.4%,96.4% and 94.4% respectively.

Conclusion:

Imprint cytology is a boon for resource deprived settings and frozen section complements it in tertiary care centres for intraoperative diagnosis and determining the extent of surgical intervention required.
Estimating effectiveness of nasal decolonization in prevention of peri-prosthetic joint infection in nasal carriers of Staphylococcus aureus undergoing arthroplasty in a tertiary care institution
Authors: Karuppiah Yazhini , Vishwanath M , Kishore Gopisetty Chaitanya
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Peri-prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is one of the most challenging complications after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) surgeries. This study aims to (i) compare overall PJI rates with and without pre-operative nasal screening and decolonization for Staphylococcus aureus; (ii) estimate the difference in SSI rates between carriers and non-carriers undergoing TJA; and (iii) determine the efficacy of decolonization in reducing PJI rate in nasal carriers.

Methods:

A total of 760 patients were included in the study; with 399 patients in the study group, who underwent pre-operative screening and decolonization for nasal colonization with S. aureus; and 361 patients in the control group, who did not undergo pre-operative screening for nasal colonization. Patients were followed for 90 days post-surgery, and PJI rates were recorded following the Centers for Disease Control SSI criteria.

Results:

Twenty-one (5.26%) out of 399 patients in the study group developed PJI as opposed to 38 (10.53%) out of 361 patients in the control group. PJI rate due to either MSSA or MRSA was 2.5% in the study group (10/399) as opposed to 7.75% in the control group (28/361), with “P value” of 0.002 (<0.05).

Discussion:

The overall SSI incidence was reduced by 51% after implementing the decolonization protocol. Regarding specific S. aureus SSI, 7.5% of the SSIs in the control group were caused by S. aureus, while only 2.5% were caused by this microorganism after implementing the screening and decolonization protocol.

Conclusion:

Implementing a screening and decolonization protocol for S. aureus before TJA can lead to a significant reduction in S. aureus surgical site infections.
Social and demographic determinants of health insurance status in India: Evidence from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey
Authors: Vootukuri Kiranmayi , Kumar Venkateswara K. S , Naik V Suresh
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Out-of-pocket medical expenses are a crucial metric for assessing how well the healthcare system is working toward obtaining universal health coverage in any country. In India, out-of-pocket expenses for health are relatively high compared to other developed countries due to a lack of alternative finance arrangements. The disparity in out-of-pocket medical expenses largely depends upon the public health expenditure, government policies, and level of health insurance coverage.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

The study used a logit regression model to examine the association of the status of health insurance with socio and demographic variables using National Sample Survey 2018 data. The objective of the study is to analyze the impact of demographic variables on the status of health insurance in India.

RESULTS:

This research found that education and occupation have a significant impact on the status of health insurance, among other demographic factors.

CONCLUSION:

These findings underscore the importance of targeted policies and interventions aimed at improving access to health insurance among specific demographic groups. Addressing disparities in health insurance coverage based on educational and occupational factors is essential for achieving equitable healthcare access and improved health outcomes in the country. Increasing awareness of health insurance reduces out-of-pocket medical expenses and subsequently brings down economic poverty.
Effectiveness of selected small group teaching methods for undergraduate medical students on basic concepts of epidemiology: A quasi-experimental study
Authors: Vasudevan Jyothi , Chellamuthu Lalithambigai , Anandaraj Lokeshmaran , Chalil Ajith Kumar
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Teaching epidemiology to young medical students using traditional teaching techniques is fraught with myriad challenges. Incorporating innovative small group teaching (SGT) approaches that promote active learning, practical application, and critical thinking can help in overcoming these challenges.

AIM/OBJECTIVE:

To identify the most effective SGT method from selected three approaches [tutorial technique (TT), problem-based learning (PBL), and fishbowl technique (FBT)] to teach the basic concepts of epidemiology to the third-year undergraduate medical students of a private medical college in Puducherry, Southern India.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A quasi-experimental study was conducted among third-year undergraduate medical students for 6 months. The sample size was calculated to be 60 using the nMaster 2.0 sample size software. Three groups were formed with 20 students each. A pre-test, which included fifty multiple-choice questions covering topic one, was conducted for students in all three groups. An SGT session on topic one (dynamics of disease transmission) was held on the same day by different facilitators for three groups A, B, and C using the TT, PBL, and FBT, respectively. After 6 weeks of the SGT session for topic one, a post-test using the same questions was organized for all three groups to identify the effectiveness of each SGT method. The above sequence of events was followed for topic two (study designs) and topic three (investigation of disease outbreak) among all groups in the subsequent months. A written informed consent was sought from all students. The collected data was entered in MS Excel 2010 and analyzed using SPSS 21. The pre- and post-tests for all topics in all three groups were compared using a paired t-test, and an ANOVA test was used to find any difference between the groups.

RESULTS:

The mean post-test score in each of the three groups for all topics had improved when compared with the mean pre-test score, which was significantly different between the three groups. Further, the mean score of group B (PBL group) was found to be higher than group C (FBT) but not significantly higher compared to group A (TT). The mean score of the feedback where the participants were asked to rate the overall session was found to be high in group B (PBL) followed by group A (TT).

CONCLUSION:

PBL and TT were found to be an equally effective way of small group methods for teaching–learning epidemiology in medical school.
Ethical and moral principles for oncology healthcare workers: A brief report from a Bioethics consortium emphasizing on need for education
Authors: Baliga Manjeshwar S. , Marakala Vijaya , Madathil Lal P. , George Thomas , D’souza Russell F. , Palatty Princy L.
Published: April 2024

The medical sub-specialty of Oncology presents diverse ethical dilemmas, often challenging cancer healthcare workers with difficult-to-handle clinical scenarios that are tough from a personal and professional perspective. Making decisions on patient care in various circumstances is a defining obligation of an oncologist and those duty-based judgments entail more than just selecting the best treatment or solution. Ethics is an essential and inseparable aspect of clinical medicine and the oncologists as well as the allied health care workers are ethically committed to helping the patient, avoiding or minimizing harm, and respecting the patient’s values and choices. This review provides an overview of ethics and clinical ethics and the four main ethical principles of autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice are stated and explained. At times there are frequently contradictions between ethical principles in patient care scenarios, especially between beneficence and autonomy. In addition, truth-telling, professionalism, empathy, and cultural competence; which are recently considered important in cancer care, are also addressed from an Indian perspective.
Factors influencing knowledge sharing between scientific specialists in knowledge networks and communities of practice: A systematic literature review
Authors: Mahami-Oskouei Mina , Nemati-Anaraki Leila , Panahi Sirous , Asadzandi Shadi
Published: April 2024

Knowledge sharing is a competitive advantage and necessity for the success of any organization. Meanwhile, knowledge networks have been introduced as a way to enhance knowledge sharing between individuals and as an effective tool to facilitate knowledge exchange in clinical, educational, and commercial fields. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that can affect the level of knowledge sharing and exchange between academic and scientific specialists in knowledge networks and Communities of Practice (COP). A systematic literature review was conducted using the PRISMA guidelines. Four databases were searched, including Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and ProQuest. Google Scholar search was conducted to complete the search and ensure the tracking of the gray literature. Also, relevant sources, references, and reference lists of the related articles were reviewed. The studies were searched from April until August 2022 and finally the content analysis of the findings was done. Two reviewers independently assessed the quality of included studies. Data were extracted using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist tool. Of the 1439 records, 13 studies met the inclusion criteria. This study identified three main categories of factors affecting knowledge sharing in knowledge networks and COPs as individual factors, organizational, and structural. The results showed that knowledge networks provide opportunities to overcome professional barriers and complex systemic challenges and lead to knowledge sharing and exchange among scientific specialists. This article has important implications for managers, health policymakers, and academics who wish to expand knowledge sharing of scientific specialists through knowledge networks and CoPs in knowledge-based organizations.
Bridging the gaps in patient education through aesthetic-based education: A concept analysis study
Authors: Khooshab Elham , Khorasani Parvaneh , Rakhshan Mahnaz , Yazdannik Ahmadreza , BakhtiyarNasrabadi Hasanali
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

Aesthetics is a branch of philosophy that has been entered into the philosophy of education for a long time. Reviewing the concept of aesthetics in education, we can see the components that can cover a number of challenges in the field of patient education. Focusing on the conceptual dimensions obtained from the analysis of this concept, the aim is matching the resulting conceptual categories with the gaps in the field of patient education.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Using a scoping review, we reviewed the literature dealt with different dimensions of aesthetic-based education. Walker and Avant’s concept analysis approach was used to inductively analyze the content obtained from the review of literature. The data were divided into three general groups of antecedents, attributes, and consequences of the aesthetic-based education concept, and the final conceptual model was defined. Interdisciplinary comparisons between educational and medical sciences were made to match the concept of aesthetic education with the field of patient education to cover its issues. During the scope review process of the texts, after screening the articles, 17 articles selected to enter the concept analysis stage.

RESULT:

Concept analysis phase showed that the main conceptual categories of antecedents of aesthetic-based education are aesthetic-based intrapersonal competencies and aesthetic capacities of educational setting. The attributes include aesthetic-based educational content and teaching methods including unity in diversity, combination with art and being based on empathy. The consequences include subliminal learning and constraint-free learning. These conceptual dimensions can cover four important issues in patient education including patient satisfaction, pedagogical competences of health educators, patient centeredness, and empathetic relationship.

CONCLUSION:

Applying aesthetic concept in the patient education process can bridge part of the gaps in this process. So, this study can be an introduction to future innovative models based on aesthetic paradigm in the field of patient education.
Impact of oral health preventive program using specialized audio and tactile aids in visually impaired school children. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Dwivedi Rahul , Gupta Pooja , Jana Soumyakanti , Tiwari Rishi Kumar , Verma Reetika , Singh Nitin , Gupta Preeti
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND:

The maintenance of oral hygiene and subsequent health related issues in visually handicapped children is a challenging task. Hence, tools must be used to ensure good oral health in these children. The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of preventive programs on oral health using specialized audio and tactile aids in visually impaired school children.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

100 visually handicapped children were selected for the study. They were divided into two groups: Group A (Training using Braille) and Group B (training by means of audio aids). Children were trained using appropriate tools and oral health was assessed using Plaque and Gingival bleeding indices.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS:

Independent ‘T-test’ was used for comparing mean ± SD values.

RESULTS:

Statistically significant improvements in both plaque and gingival bleeding indices were obtained on follow-up observations at 3rd and 6th months.

CONCLUSION:

The use of specialized tactile and audio tools significantly improved the oral health status of visually impaired school children.