bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Body mass index and fitness in late adolescence and risk of cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, and overall death after COVID‐19
Authors: Robertson Josefina , Muszta Anders , Lindgren Martin , af Geijerstam Agnes , Nyberg Jenny , Lissner Lauren , Börjesson Mats , Gisslén Magnus , Rosengren Annika , Adiels Martin , Åberg Maria
Published: August 2023

Objective

Since obesity and poor fitness appear to be unfavorable for both cardiovascular health and coping with viral infections such as COVID‐19, they are of specific interest in light of the increased risk of cardiovascular and respiratory events now seen after infection with SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate how body mass index (BMI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) in late adolescence are associated with the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), respiratory disease, and mortality after COVID‐19.

Methods

In this study, 1.5 million 18‐year‐old Swedish men with BMI and CRF measured during enlistment for military service 1968–2005 were included. Hospitalized and non‐hospitalized COVID‐19 cases were identified through the Patient Register or positive polymerase chain reaction tests, and age‐matched with non‐infected controls. CVD, respiratory disease, and mortality after COVID‐19 were divided into <60days, 60‐180days, >180days post‐infection. Cox regression models were used.

Results

Hospitalized COVID‐19 cases (n = 9839), compared to controls, had >10‐fold, 50 to 70‐fold, and >70‐fold hazards of CVD, respiratory disease, and mortality over the initial 60 days post‐infection with little variation across BMI or CRF categories. The elevated risks persisted at declining levels >180 days. For non‐hospitalized COVID‐19 cases (n = 181,822), there was a 4‐ to 7‐fold increased acute mortality risk, and high CRF was associated with lower risk of post‐infectious respiratory disease.

Conclusions

The high hazards of adverse outcomes during the first two months after COVID‐19 hospitalization, and across BMI and CRF categories, declined rapidly but were still elevated after six months. Adolescent CRF was associated with respiratory disease after COVID‐19 without hospitalization, which gives further support to the health benefits of physical activity.
Evaluation of prevalence and outcomes of serial tyrosine kinase inhibitor use in pediatric patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Olsen Hannah E. , Liu Kevin X. , Frazier A. Lindsay , O'Neill Allison F. , Janeway Katherine A. , DuBois Steven G. , Shulman David S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose

Multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors (mTKIs) are increasingly utilized in the treatment of pediatric sarcomas and other solid tumors. It is unknown whether serial treatment with multiple TKIs provides a benefit and which patients are most likely to benefit from mTKI rechallenge.

Methods

We performed a retrospective cohort study of pediatric cancer patients who received serial mTKI therapy off‐study between 2007 and 2020 as either monotherapy or combination therapy. We report patient characteristics, clinical outcomes, dosing patterns, and treatment‐associated toxicity.

Results

The study cohort included 25 patients. The overall prevalence of serial mTKI therapy among all patients treated for sarcoma at our institution was 3.7%, and the response rate to second mTKI was 9%. Median 6‐month progression‐free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from start of second mTKI were 42.1% (95% CI: 20.4%–62.5%) and 79.1% (95% CI: 57.0%–90.8%), respectively. Patients who had received 4 months or more (n = 11) of therapy with first mTKI had significantly longer PFS versus those who received less than 4 months (n = 11; p = .001). Thirty‐three percent of patients discontinued second mTKI due to toxicity. Six (40%) of 15 patients who discontinued the first mTKI due to progression had either a partial response or stable disease on the second mTKI.

Conclusions

We observed a low response rate to mTKI rechallenge. However, we identified patients who had been treated with first mTKI for  ≥4 months as more likely to have prolonged stable disease with second mTKI. Several patients had a response or stable disease on the second mTKI despite having progressed on the first mTKI. Though toxicity was common, only a minority of patients discontinued the second mTKI due to toxicity.
Computational identification of key residues regulating fluorescence emission in a red/green cyanobacteriochrome
Authors: Kannan Priyadharshini , Oh Jisung , Yeon Young Joo , Park Youn‐Il , Seo Moon‐Hyeong , Park Keunwan
Published: August 2023

Cyanobacteriochromes (CBCRs) are linear tetrapyrrole bilin‐binding photoreceptors of cyanobacteria that exhibit high spectral diversity, gaining attention in optogenetics and bioimaging applications. Several engineering studies on CBCRs were attempted, especially for designing near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescent proteins with longer fluorescence wavelengths. However, despite continuous efforts, a key component regulating fluorescence emission property in CBCRs is still poorly understood. As a model system, we focused on red/green CBCR Slr1393g3, from the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 to engineer Pr to get far‐red light‐emitting property. Energy profiling and pairwise structural comparison of Slr1393g3 variants effectively reveal the mutations that are critical to the fluorescence changes. H497 seems to play a key role in stabilizing the chromophore environment, especially the α3 helix, while H495, T499, and Q502 are potential key residues determining fluorescence emission peak wavelength. We also found that mutations of α2 and α4 helical regions are closely related to the chromophore binding stability and likely affect fluorescence properties. Taken together, our computational analysis suggests that the fluorescence of Slr1393g3 is mainly controlled by the stabilization of the chromophore binding pocket. The predicted key residues potentially regulating the fluorescence emission property of a red/green CBCR will be advantageous for designing improved NIR fluorescent protein when combined with in vitro molecular evolution approaches.
A new framework for optimizing ecological conservation redline of China: A case from an environment‐development conflict area
Authors: Liang Xinyuan , He Jie , Jin Xiaobin , Zhang Xiaolin , Liu Jingping , Zhou Yinkang
Published: August 2023

As an important strategic measure in promoting sustainable development, China's current ecological conservation redline has mismatches between protected areas and redline boundaries, especially in economically developed areas with high environment‐development conflicts. This study constructs a new optimization framework that integrates in‐out balance and spatial replacement and takes the southern Jiangsu of China as an example to provide a reference for managing protected areas in similar regions. Results demonstrate that total eco‐land in the study area showed a downward trend from 2005 to 2015, with a 7.55% loss and 1.33% replenishment. Non‐eco land expansion inertia and human activities are the main driving forces of ecological land loss and replenishment, respectively. Effectively, the in‐out balance optimization model based on Bayesian Network makes a net increase of 705.97 km2 in redlines. The overlapping area with core agricultural production space has decreased by 9.11%, human activity has been reduced by 6.06%, and ecological stability has been significantly enhanced. An important implication is that more targeted schemes with boundary adjustment‐internal control‐external protection solutions can be put forward to identify ecological risks and policy conflicts, thereby improving conservation effectiveness.
5‐4: Invited Paper: High Performance LCD for Future VR
Authors: Peng Fenglin , Tu Xingzhou , Xu Jian , Geng Ying , Gollier Jacques , Wang Yun , Zhao Yang , Maimone Andrew , Lanman Douglas , Silverstein Barry
Published: August 2023

LCD is one of the major display solutions for VR headsets due to
its maturity. Here we will present a new LCD architecture as a
key element to enable glasses‐like form factor. In addition, it can
improve optical efficiency, enlarge color gamut and overall
image quality.
6‐3: Identifying the Detail Reason of Pixel Defect via Machine Learning Method
Authors: Han Jun Hee , Jeong Yoonseob , Chun Minkyu , Park Yong Min , Yoon Sang Won , Kim Young Mi , Yang Joon-Young , Yoon Sooyoung
Published: August 2023

Various studies have been conducted to automatically inspect
defective products. Those technologies already can detect defective
pixels better than humans and have been improved enough to
detect Mura defect, which is rarely detected by the auto detecting
systems. It is as important to determine the cause of the defect as to
detect it. However, efforts to automatically identify the cause of the
defect have yet to show significant results. In this study, a method
to determine the cause of defect with machine learning is
introduced.
6‐4: Deep Learning for Classification of Repairable Defects in Display Panels Using Multi‐Modal Data
Authors: Balakrishnan Kaushik , Cheng Qisen , Lee Janghwan , Jeong Deokyeong , Kim Eunwoo , Kim Jaewon
Published: August 2023

This paper uses Deep Learning to classify if a display panel with
defects in the manufacturing line can be repaired. Both tabular
data and images are fused together to make predictions, with
separate feature extraction undertaken for each of the modalities.
The model's predictions achieve high Average Precision as well as
robust Precision values in the high Recall regions, which makes it
practical for deployment. We also demonstrate superior results
with multi‐modal data compared to only tabular data.
7‐4: A Novel a‐IGZO TFT Micro‐LED Circuit with Improved Stability and Area Efficiency
Authors: Park Chanjin , Kang Kyeong-Soo , Park Ji-Hwan , Lee Soo-Yeon
Published: August 2023

In this paper, a novel amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide
(a‐IGZO) thin‐film transistor (TFT) pixel circuit for pulse width
modulation (PWM) driving micro light emitting diode (μLED)
display is proposed. During the circuit operation, single signal
is used for two different purposes and data line for constant
current generation (CCG) unit is eliminated. Furthermore, the
impact of connection structure between PWM unit and CCG
unit on compensation error is investigated, and showed that the
structure used in the proposed circuit is effective in reducing
current error rate of CCG unit, especially in low gray level area.
9‐1: Invited Paper: Triplet‐Triplet Annihilation at Organic Semiconductor Interface for Efficient Solid‐State Photon Upconversion and Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Low Driving Voltage
Authors: Izawa Seiichiro
Published: August 2023

Triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA) can double the energy of
excited states. We utilized a charge transfer state at an organic
semiconductor interface as a precursor for efficient TTA. As a
result, a solid‐state photon upconversion from near‐infrared to
visible light is achieved with an efficiency that is two orders of
magnitude higher than those demonstrated by conventional
systems. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that an efficient organic
light‐emitting diode (OLED) can be operated by only a 1.5 V
battery.
11‐3: A Novel e‐Privacy LCD Based on the Smart Viewing Angle Controllable Cell with IPS Electrode Structure
Authors: Wang Yijun , Wang Sheng , Zang Yuansheng , Wang Hui , Liu Yuqi , Fang Kaidi , Zhou Ru , Yang Jie , Xu Xufei , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhu Zhengwei , Zhang Jun , Wang Chun , Liu Zhaofan , Lee SeungKyu
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we proposed a novel e‐Privacy LCD, based on the
smart viewing angle controllable (SVC) cell with IPS electrode
structure, which can be electrically switched between the wide
viewing angle (share mode) and the narrow viewing angle
(privacy mode). The path of the collimated light emitted from
collimated microstructural LGP BLU is not be changed when the
SVC cell is off state, it is privacy mode; the light will be scattered
when it pass through the SVC cell that be applied voltage, it is
share mode. This phenomenon is very consistent with the
simulated results. We also study the influence of the operating
voltage or the cell gap on share performance. With the increase of
the operating voltage or the cell gap of the SVC cell, the share
performance is obviously improved.
17‐2: Development of Visionox intelligent Pixelization (ViPTM) Technology in AMOLED Applications
Authors: Xiao Yiming , Ni Liusong , Fu Yuting , Yao Yuan , Zhang Haohan , Zhu Xuejing , Xia Zengqiang , Dong Zhengkui , Yang Bowen , Xue Murong , Lou Zhenhua , Tao Zichao , Du Yongqiang , Li Hui , Ding Zhendong , Lai Yiyou , Lee CC , Zhu Xiujian , Peng Zhaoji , Zhang Deqiang
Published: August 2023

The ViP technology has been evaluated on an internal
AMOLED phone display platform with a ppi of 458 by the Gen6
line. In this technology, ViP replaced FMM (Fine Metal Mask)
for deposition and patterning. Characterization, simulation,
advantages, and future applications of ViP have been discussed.
19‐4: Improving Defocus Blur in Holographic Displays
Authors: Kavaklı Koray , Itoh Yuta , Urey Hakan , Akşit Kaan
Published: August 2023

In this paper we present a novel multiplane computer generated hologram calculation approach that enables artifact free and realistic‐looking defocus blur for optical reconstructions in a holographic display. We introduce a new targeting method and a loss function that evaluates the focused and defocused parts of the reconstructed images. We demonstrate that our method is applicable to various standard hologram generation routines such for both iterative and non‐iterative CGH calculation methods. We also demonstrate our new gradient descent‐based optimization with double phase constraint combined with our targeting scheme and loss function provides the best image quality. We validate our findings for both the numerical reconstructions and optical captures that are acquired from our holographic display prototype.
20‐3: The Study of Ambient Contrast Ratio of Transparent MicroLED Displays for Applied Field Extension
Authors: Tsai YuTang , Tien KunCheng , Lin ChunYu , Huang MinChun , Fang YenWen
Published: August 2023

This paper aims to investigate the ambient contrast ratio of transparent displays in AR/MR applications. Transparent OLED displays in indoor environments have been widely applied. However, the high ambient brightness in outdoor environments limits the application field due to poor ambient contrast of OLED. Thanks to the high brightness of the transparent Micro‐LED display, AR/MR applications can be implemented from indoors to outdoors. In this paper, we try to find the appropriate ambient contrast ratio (ACR) range, that is, the viewer sees the appropriate background image and display information simultaneously under different environmental conditions. In addition to using direct transparent display, a switchable black cell is used to extend the adaptive ACR system. Therefore, the proposed ACR control algorithm is demonstrated in a combination of transparent Micro‐LED displays with a switchable black cell to discuss extending the application field from low to high ambient brightness.
26‐2: Quantitative Evaluation of Display Readability in a Car Simulator under Ambient Light Conditions
Authors: Lesuffleur Antoine , Linder Michael , Kang Casey , Hermann David S. , Reimer Bryan , McWilliams Thomas , Mehler Bruce
Published: August 2023

This paper introduces a new approach to evaluate the influence
of anti‐reflective and anti‐glare surface treatments on the
readability of automotive displays. A car simulator was equipped
with an illumination setup to mimic real ambient light scenarios.
During the experiments we measured the ability of the driver to
collect information from the display while driving. Our results
validate this approach and demonstrate that the choice of surface
treatment depends on the scenarios considered by the car
manufacturers.
27‐4: Development of a novel glass‐cell FAIMS olfactory sensor and measurements of complex odors
Authors: Abeysinghe Reshan Maduka , Ikuta Kei , Ootsuka Yuuki , Teranishi Tomoko
Published: August 2023

High‐Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry
(FAIMS) utilizes the characteristics of nonlinear ion mobility at
high electric fields to filter ions. We propose a novel glass‐cell
FAIMS olfactory sensor that mimics the olfactory sense of living
organisms by applying LCD mass production process technology.
This olfactory sensor has a simple configuration consisting of an
odor molecule ionization section and a glass‐cell FAIMS sensor,
which is a pair of glass substrates with patterned electrodes. The
ionized odor molecules pass through the glass‐cell FAIMS sensor,
and the filtered ion molecules are detected. We have
experimented with different odorous components, including
fermented beverages (wine) and animal excrement (cat urine,
stool), to create unique “odor fingerprints”.
29‐2: Invited Paper: Temporal Study of Micro‐LED Arrays for Potential High Efficiency Driving
Authors: Yan Qun (Frank) , Nie Junyang , Huang Zhonghang , Sun Jie
Published: August 2023

We have investigated the temporal dependence of Micro‐LED
arrays with size ranging 7‐100 μm. Under short pulse, 7 μm
micro‐LEDs exhibits 20% higher EQE as compared to DC
operation condition. The efficiency reduction by sidewall defects
in small micro‐LED could be significantly reduced by applying
short voltage pulse.
33‐3: Invited Paper: Shaping the Emissive Layer of Green Phosphorescent OLEDs: High Performance Hosts for Various Dopants and Applications
Authors: Stolz Sebastian , Parham Amir , Eickhoff Christian , Kröber Jonas , Ganss Stephanie , May Falk , Kraska Martin , Kaiser Joachim
Published: August 2023

In this article, we review recent developments of modern host
materials for green phosphorescent OLEDs. We show that optical
emitter orientation can be enhanced significantly by tailored
hosts, resulting in an increased device efficiency. Beyond
efficiency, matching the host system to the applied emitter is
shown to be key for an optimum device performance. In addition
to maximized classical device performance parameters, modern
hosts need to fulfill further requirements. Prominent examples
are the tuning of the OLED stack capacitance by the host or the
development of stable premixed host systems, enabling the
evaporation of multiple host materials from one crucible.
34‐3: Research on Vehicle mounted Projection Display with Local Dimming Effect
Authors: Chi WeiNing , You Mei , Yoon DK , Ma Qing , Han Rui , Cui Dong , Yu Jie , Cai SiTe
Published: August 2023

With the development trend of large on‐board screen and intelligent driving, PHUD, as a new type of car head up display application scenario, has gradually attracted the attention of various automobile manufacturers. It greatly simplifies the system design by highlighting modules, specific angle of view steering design, and one‐time windshield projection. At the same time, it carries BD cell Local Dimming technology to achieve exquisite HDR projection display and greatly reduce module drive power consumption, and the contrast can reach millions. This paper mainly studies a module display combining BD cell local dimming and PHUD technology.
35‐3: Metasurface‐based Color Filter with Optical Cavity for High Color Purity Displays
Authors: Cho Hyo Jong , Jeong Ki Won , Kim Jun Yong , Do Yun Seon
Published: August 2023

Metasurface‐based color filter have been regarded as good alternatives of conventional color filter causes of their reliability, simple design method, and high resolved pixelization performance. In this study, we designed a novel metasurface‐based color filter with surface plasmons (SPs). The conventional plasmonic color filters (PCFs) have broad transmittance spectra. Consequently, the color purity degrades and this become a fatal issue for practical use. In order to solve the poor wavelength selectivity of the PCFs, we designed a novel PCF integrated with the Fabry‐Perot interferometer (FPI). We added the simple cavity structure over the matching layer of the existing PCF to apply FPI to the PCF. By applying it, the red tail in the long wavelength band of the transmission properties of PCFs were reduced. The color gamut of the suggested filter has increased 2.42 times compared to the conventional PCFs. These improvements are showed the applicability of PCF to various imaging devices.
37‐2: Distinguished Paper: Efficiency Enhancement of Submicron‐size Light‐Emitting Diodes by Triple Dielectric Layers
Authors: Cho Hyunmin , Kim Daehyun , Lee Seunga , Yoo Chuljong , Sim Youngchul
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate highly efficient submicron scale nanorod LEDs (nLEDs) passivated by the triple dielectric layers. The diameter, length, and wavelength at a peak EQE of nLEDs are 580nm, 5¼m, and 460nm, respectively. We report a peak EQE of 22.15 ± 0.34% with HfO2 based triple dielectric layer. We also explore the relation of indium‐fluctuation in multi quantum wells (MQWs) to sidewall effect of micro LEDs. We show that higher indium content in MQWs successfully reduce non‐radiative recombination on sidewall of InGaN blue nLEDs.
37‐3: Defect Detection of Micro‐LED Displays by Simultaneous Visual and Thermal Imaging
Authors: Lim Mikyung , Kim Jae-Hyun , Kim Kyung-Shik , Jang Bongkyun
Published: August 2023

Thermal images of surfaces can be readily obtained by non‐destructive means, making them particularly suitable for failure analysis like hot‐spot detection. Here, a custom‐built defect‐detecting apparatus, which enables the simultaneous acquisition of visual and thermal images of micro‐LED displays, will be introduced to enhance the reliability and effectiveness of the defect analysis.
38‐1: Invited Paper: Smart Glass an Application of Display Technology
Authors: Slack Anthony , Massard Romaric
Published: August 2023

Dynamically controlled ‘smart glass’ is estimated to be able to contribute more than 30% energy savings to buildings, whilst contributing significantly to the quality of use of all such facilities. Here we describe a technology that can be manufactured on existing, redundant LCD manufacturing facilities.
38‐3: Design of Random Depolarization Films Based on Modulation Transfer Function Measurements
Authors: Sasaki Shizuki , Masaoka Kenichiro , Koike Yasuhiro
Published: August 2023

The random depolarization film (RDF), a polymer film doped with birefringent microparticles, solves polarization problems of displays. To design the RDF that realizes sharper images, the optimal dopant particle size and suitable display's pixel size were investigated based on modulation transfer function (MTF) measurements. The MTFs indicated that the dopant particle size of the RDF and the pixel size of the display should be larger to prevent the sharpness degradation.
39‐4: Analysis of Large Area Optical Fingerprint Recognition Technology under OLED Screen
Authors: Zhang Guiyang , Ye Xinlin , Shuai Chuan , He Rui , Zha Guowei , Liu Guanghui , Yuan Jianfeng
Published: August 2023

This paper theoretically and experimentally analyzes the influence of different sensor array schemes and optical collimation structures on fingerprint recognition. Considering the process yield, cost and the quality of fingerprint image, we find the appropriate size ranges of microlenses and sensors are 20~30 μm and 35~50 μm respectively, and the bonding process between the optical collimating film and the sensor substrate has little damage to the sensor, which is conducive to mass production.
40‐1: Invited Paper: Thin‐Film Transistor Modeling
Authors: Wager John F.
Published: August 2023

A fresh approach to thin‐film transistor (TFT) modeling is offered, involving use of the Enz, Krummenacher, Vittoz (EKV) compact model. Accurate TFT simulation requires precise modeling of the drift mobility. The utility of this model is demonstrated via simulation of single‐and dual‐layer amorphous oxide semiconductor TFTs.
41‐3: Efficient Pure Blue Hyperfluorescence OLEDs with Donor‐Acceptor‐Donor Type Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Sensitizer
Authors: Jung Young Hun , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: August 2023

In a hyperfluorescecne (HF) system, minimization of energy loss channel consisted of slow reverse intersystem crossing (RISC) and fast Dexter energy transfer (DET) is still challenging. Here, we report that such energy loss channels can minimize by utilizing quadrupolar donor‐acceptor‐donor (D‐A‐D) type TADF as sensitizer materials. We synthesized DBA‐DmICz and DBA‐DTMCz as D‐A‐D type TADF materials, which could suppress the DET process through fast RISC rate and shielded lowest unoccupied molecular orbital structure. The fabricated HF device with DBA‐DTMCz and v‐DABNA as a final dopant exhibited 43.9% of high maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) with the CIE coordinates of (0.12, 0.16).
41‐4: Multi‐Resonance Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Emitters for Pure Blue OLEDs with Suppressed Efficiency Roll‐Off
Authors: Ravindran Ezhakudiyan , Son Hee Won , Kim Yerin , Suh Min Chul
Published: August 2023

Herein, we demonstrate versatile narrowband deep blue MR‐TADF emitters (KHU 1 and KHU 2) featuring enlarged ring‐fused and structurally increased steric hindrance and rigidity accessed by incorporating meta‐xylene rotors. In comparison to KHU 1, tri meta‐xylene substituted emitter (KHU 2) exhibits a substantial blue shift (12 nm) while maintaining MR‐TADF characteristics with high color purity (FWHM = 27 nm). Further, the solid‐state investigations conclude that they possibly suppress the non‐radiative energy loss and thus improve fast reverse intersystem crossing rate (kRISC ~ 2.8 x 10 5 S‐1 ) and photoluminescence quantum yield > 90%. Fabricated HF‐ OLEDs with these emitters show excellent external quantum efficiency of over 26% with ultra‐low efficiency roll‐off.
45‐1: Invited Paper: Status of the MicroLED Display Industry
Authors: Virey Eric H. , Bouhamri Zine
Published: August 2023

The quality and diversity of microLED display prototypes are progressing rapidly and first commercial products are coming to market. The technology however has yet to enter high volume consumer applications. This paper discusses the status of the microLED industry including how the supply chain is shaping up and how remaining technology and manufacturing roadblocks are being addressed.
46‐3: Invited Paper: Ultra Low Power Color ePaper Signage Displays for Outdoor Use
Authors: French Ian , Lo Poyuan , Margalit Jonathan
Published: August 2023

Digital Signage can be quickly updated, greatly enhancing functionality compared to traditional paper signs. Worries about climate change, carbon footprint, energy shortages and light pollution means Signage should be low power with low light pollution. In response, E Ink has developed Kaleido reflective ePaper outdoor displays with good color performance. On a spectrum between paper signs and other forms of full color electronic display Kaleido is much closer to paper signs in power use and lighting impact. Operating temperature range is ‐15°C to 65°C, removing the need for expensive, power hungry heating and cooling.
47‐2: Photosensitive characteristics and application of photosensitive device based on TFT process
Authors: Meng Zhaohui , Sun Wei , Feng Yilin , Zhao Xilin
Published: August 2023

A glass‐based TFT (thin film transistor circuit) module with ambient light detection function was designed and manufactured on the display panel, and the photoelectric characteristics of TFT photosensitive devices were measured and obtained. After the data analysis and processing, the photoelectric characteristic curves with good linearity were obtained. After algorithmically optimizing the intrinsic data, the thin‐film transistor photosensitive element achieved the same photoelectric characteristic as the silicon‐based photosensitive element. Measurements of the photoelectric characteristics of the TFT photosensitive device showed that the photoelectric performance of the sensor is repeatable and relatively undetermined. The photoelectric characteristics demonstrate the corresponding relationship of multiple direction functions. Different products show different current values under the same illumination, but the overall photoelectric characteristics still maintain the trend of multiple direction functions. In the experiment, 200 TFT photosensitive device units were connected into a set of photosensitive elements array, and placed under the ambient illumination of 0~30000 LUX. The output current range of the photosensitive array after parallel connection is 0~200 mA. The results indicate that the photoelectric characteristic of TFT photosensitive device has linear relationship after effective data processing and algorithm computing. After testing with different products, the device characterizes the ambient light with less than 5% accuracy. Therefore, the glass‐based TFT module with ambient light detection function can accurately reflect the data of ambient light, realizing the practicability of the photosensitive device based on TFT technology.
52‐3: Field sequential color LCD for enabling 60‐PPD and 100°‐FoV VR displays
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Qian Yizhou , Zou Junyu , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: August 2023

To achieve 60 PPD and 100° FoV while keeping a reasonably high aperture ratio for AMLCDs, field sequential color (FSC) is a promising approach. We evaluate the physical properties of a high birefringence nematic LC mixture and then use these data in simulation. Results indicate that such a fringe‐field switching LCD exhibits a fast average gray‐to‐gray response time (~ 1.5 ms) to enable FSC operation for VR applications.
53‐5: Late‐News Paper: High‐resolution Optical Inspection of NR LEDs‐based Assembly and Their Evaluation for Display Applications
Authors: Le Quang Trung , Bak Byeong‐U , Shin Youngwook , Hwang Jun‐Seok , Kim Jaekyun
Published: August 2023

This study presents high‐resolution optical inspection methods to evaluate the assembly yield of densely‐aligned NR LED array for self‐emitting inorganic material‐based display. Fast line scanning images and their deep learning‐based image analysis enabled us to quantitively investigate the assembly yield of NR LEDs even up to 5300 pixel per inch in which, thereafter, automatic optical inspection (AOI) accuracy reaches up to 97 % after 8000 times iteration. Furthermore, confocal photoluminescence optical microscopic system with picoseconds time resolving capability investigated tens nanometer spatially‐resolved emission characteristics of NR LEDs while also showing the non‐radiative recombination from the damaged active layers. Therefore, we believe that this study contributes a significant step toward inspection process of micro LEDs and their manufacturing development.
54‐3: Patterned Liquid‐Crystal Polymer on Polarized Ambient Light Sensor
Authors: Hung Yi , Chen Ming Syuan , Chen Hung Shan
Published: August 2023

We have demonstrated a pixelated polarization sensing layer realized by the combination of wire grid polarizer (WGP), band pass filter (BPF), and patterned liquid crystal polymer (LCP) retarder. It offers multi‐directional polarization imaging capability thanks to LCP photo‐alignment process. This technology can be applied to interpret polarization data captured by an optical sensor to extract useful information. In this paper, we have shown the concept of integrating patterned LCP (function as retarder) on an ambient light sensor which can be placed under an OLED panel to recognize the ambient light intensity in order to adjust the brightness of the display.
55‐1: Invited Paper: Apple Liquid Retina XDR Displays with Mini‐LEDs
Authors: Gu Mingxia (Vincent) , Xu Daming , Calayir Vehbi , Son Mookyung , Yin Victor , Qi Jun
Published: August 2023

Apple has developed the Liquid Retina XDR Displays with >8k mini‐LEDs, featuring extreme dynamic range with 1,000‐nit full‐screen‐sustaining luminance capability, 1,600‐nit peak luminance, and a 1,000,000:1 contrast ratio, with an ultra‐thin profile, suitable for portable system integration. Key technical enablers, including mini‐LED design, optimum LED zone layout, optical system design, and mini‐LED driving scheme will be reviewed.
58‐3: Late‐News Paper: Transparent Organic Thin‐Film Transistors for Wearable Bioelectronics
Authors: Jiang Chen , Zhong Yilun , Zou Jiwei , Guo Taoming
Published: August 2023

This invited paper reviews the development of all‐inkjet‐printed organic thin‐film transistors and their applications to wearable bioelectronics, for which ultra‐low power, high gain and stretchability are important characteristics. The subthreshold operation of devices is discussed, and a structure for transparent devices is demonstrated.
61‐1: Invited Paper: Development of Active‐Matrix nanoLED Display with Cadmium Free QDs Patterned by Photolithography Process in the Atmosphere
Authors: Okamoto Shota , Kanehiro Masayuki , Matsushita Kazuhiko , Nozoe Makoto , Narita Shoya , Qu Yang , Kitagawa Makoto , Ueda Yunting , Oda Akihiro , Horiue Shinichi , Utsumi Hisayuki , Konishi Katsuhiko , Nakanishi Yohei , Ishida Takeshi , Minoura Kiyoshi
Published: August 2023

We report and discuss the challenges to realize a nanoLED based display from the perspective of materials and processes. Additionally, we report on an active‐matrix nanoLED display using cadmium free Quantum Dots (QDs) patterned by photolithography in the atmosphere.
61‐2: Distinguished Paper: Development of the Ink‐jet Printing Technology for 55 inch 8K AMQLED Display
Authors: Zhang Yuanming , Yuan Xu , Chen Zhuo , Li Dong , Feng Jingwen , Gao Yang , Li Yanzhao , Li Xinguo , Xu Xiaoguang
Published: August 2023

In this study, we obtained the optimal the structure of QLED topemission spin‐coating device. We use the device structure for inkjet printing, and optimize the morphology and thickness of each layer by controlling the drying process. The red, green and blue devices prepared by using the optimized inkjet printing process show that the electroluminescence area is equal to the designed area of pixels, with clear boundaries, uniform electroluminescent morphologies within a single sub‐pixel, and no significant difference in luminescence between pixels. Finally, we assembled and fabricated a 55‐inch 8K AMQLED display.
64‐1: Invited Paper: XtraFast: New LC Mixture Developments for Gaming Application
Authors: Kwon Ki‐Sun , Park Sun‐Mi , Jin Heui‐Seok , Laut Sven Christian , Götz Achim
Published: August 2023

Gaming display market has been increased over the recent years and is expected to further grow. For immersive gaming experience high refresh rate driving is required and thus very fast response time LC is essential to enable better gaming experience. We have been looking for ways to improve response time of Liquid Crystal devices through LC mixture concept development. In this paper, we would like to demonstrate new mixtures with significantly improved switching speed parameter beyond limits by introduction licristal® XtraFast LC single.
64‐3: Invited Paper: Latest Developments Liquid Crystals for RF Applications
Authors: Jost Matthias , Wittek Michael , Schroth Dieter
Published: August 2023

Driven by the need for new affordable wireless data communication technologies, special liquid crystals have been developed and optimized for use in microwave components above 10 GHz. As tunable dielectrics, they pave the way for continuously tunable antennas for SATCOM and wireless 5G/6G applications either fixed at home or on‐the‐move. This presentation gives an insight into the current material development with special focus on the application in transparent antennas for fixed 5G access. Sunlight stability tests for an equivalent device lifetime of 5 years were conducted resulting in yellowing index values of < 4, being 2.5 times less than the required threshold.
67‐3: Numerical Simulation for GaN‐based MicroLED Laser Induced Forward Transfer (LIFT) and Comparison With Real‐Time Measurements of the Flight Phase
Authors: Eppelt Urs , Fatahilah Muhammad , Brune Jan , Haupt Oliver
Published: August 2023

The use of pulsed UV laser systems to manipulate MicroLEDs is enabling the development and production of MicroLED displays. For this purpose, modeling and numerical simulations are useful as they offer an insight into the process that is impossible to achieve by process diagnostic methods alone. The multi‐physics and non‐linear radiation‐material interactions that occur in laser processing of MicroLEDs can be evaluated, visualized, and brought into line with the observed processing results. We present our most current attempts to do real‐time measurements during the flight phase as well as findings in numerical simulation of MicroLED LIFT.
75‐2: Failure Mechanisms and Optimum Methods for Through Glass Via
Authors: An Qichang , Xiao Yuelei , Wei Qiuxu , Wu Yifan , Li Huiying , Li Yue
Published: August 2023

Due to high insulation, low dielectric loss and low cost, glass is considered as a promising substrate material for advanced package. Through glass via technology plays a key role in the 2.5D and 3D packaging. This paper analyzes failure mechanisms of TGV and discuss the optimum design and process.
76‐2: Scalable Real‐time Holography Processor Architecture
Authors: Kwon Wonok , Cheon Sanghoon , Park Joongki
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we present a fast and efficient scalable holographic video processor using a layer‐based method, which employs a modified inverse Fresnel transform. To verify the performance of the proposed architecture, we design a single‐layered holography core using a fixed‐point model and test its performance on a field‐programmable gate array. The implemented real‐time hologram processor features a 1k × 1k size fast Fourier transform and a 30 frames/sec conversion rate in 4K color spatial light modulators after applying 2× linear interpolation. All real‐time images on computer screens, such as YouTube and movies, are converted into holograms within 22 ms.
78‐3: Piezoresistive Area Sensor with Polymer and CNTs Mixture on Oxide TFT Backplane
Authors: Park Chanju , Jang Jin
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate a highly sensitive, lateral pressure sensor using carbon nanotubes (CNTs) embedded in styrene‐ethylene‐butadiene‐styrene (SEBS) layer on 48 x 48 AM backplane for pressure mapping. The sensor exhibits highly sensitive, piezoresistive performances with current ratio of ~10 6 with a broad detection range of 330 Pa to 28 kPa, and response and recovery times of less than 10 ms and 20 ms, respectively.
82‐4: Color characterization of virtual reality devices using professional‐and consumer‐grade instruments
Authors: Cheng Wei-Chung
Published: August 2023

Color characteristics of an OLED‐based virtual reality headset were measured using a professional‐grade telescopic spectroradiometer and a consumer‐grade contact‐type colorimeter. The average color error was 1.02 ΔE00 and could be further reduced to 0.57 ΔE00 after customized calibration.
84‐1: Studies on Optical Performance and Driving Method of HTN Mode Dye‐Doped Liquid Crystal Smart Window
Authors: Zhang Sikai , Li Zhenxing , Wang Chunlei , Sun Jingjing , Zhai Deshen , Ju Xiaoqian , Hou Zhi , Che Chuncheng
Published: August 2023

Transmittance, haze and texture performance of new high twisted nematic(HTN)mode dichroic dye‐doped liquid crystal device under different voltages when power on and power off were studied. According to the elastic free energy theory of liquid crystal, two key phase transition voltages VPH and VHP of HTN mode liquid crystal were calculated. From a theoretical perspect, it was verified that the liquid crystal transition state under different voltages could correspond to the actual dimming performance, which could provide technical driving reference for other similar HTN device. Finally, based on the above analysis results, driving methods of three light dimming modes which included anti‐glare, privacy protect and high transparent mode were studied to meet the needs of different application scenarios.
84‐2: Flexible Dye Liquid Crystal Dimming Film for Smart Window
Authors: Chen Juan , Wang Chun-lei , Wang Chang-yin , Liang Peng , Zhan Yan-liang , Zhang Si-kai , Li Zhan , Ju Xiao-qian , Che Chun-Cheng , Hou Zhi
Published: August 2023

Windows are important elements in the passenger cars that have a large impact on the light shading and heat insulation, affecting heating and lighting and interior space requirements in the cars. Flexible smart window plays an important role in human comfort and experience. In this review, we will discuss the next generation smart windows based on flexible dimming film and dye liquid crystal technology which can realized a step‐less dimming result through voltage switching, in such a way that comfortable lighting and temperatures in the car can be maintained.
86‐1: Control of emission wavelength on perovskite quantum dot based on band engineering
Authors: Sato Ryota , Asakura Satoshi , Kashiwagi Motofumi , Chiba Takayuki , Masuhara Akito
Published: August 2023

PeQD (Lead tri‐halide perovskite quantum dot) has attracted attention for next generated optical materials due to its excellent optical properties. Herein, we proposed the strategy to precise control and maintain the emission wavelength on PeQD based on the band engineering, and fabricating the LED (light‐emitting diode).
87‐4: Invited Paper: Specular‐Free Surface for Excellent Image Quality under a Bright Environment
Authors: Kim Young Wook , Choi Do-Hyeon , Lee Jun Hee , Lee Dong-Jin , Kim Gwang Tae , Park Jeong-Ki
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose specular‐free (SF) surface to provide excellent image quality under a bright environment. By optimizing the anti‐glare (AG) layer and low‐reflection layer, specular reflection and diffuse reflection reduced up to 78% and 25%, respectively, compared to conventional AG. Using a SF technique, it is possible to remove the inconvenience of glare and improve the perceptual image quality.
P‐113: AI model proposal to predict thickness and flatness of organic layer in display process
Authors: Hong Sunghwan , Lee Heehwan , Kim Yoonsuk , Cho Hyungkeon , Seo Yudeok , Cho Sungchan
Published: August 2023

As customer specifications for the optical properties of OLED display devices are increasing, the flatness of the surface beneath the electrodes must also be considered. The 3D shape of an organic layer be able to simulate using computational fluid dynamics accurately. But, in general CFD (FEM, FVM, etc.) has limitations such as boundary conditions, mesh quality etc. In addition, it has a problem that too many calculations must be performed when simulation for a very large area is required. Accordingly, we propose a new AI model for prediction 3D‐surface profile based on machine learning that can overcome the limitations of physical methods. We can create xyz‐coordinates from top surface of stack structure, and some of parameters used in physical model were selected for input data. Also, a large amount of data set was collected with CFD simulation by fully considering the influence distance of the fluid and the available range of physical parameters. Modeling was performed using a hybrid architecture of CNN and U‐Net. The first achievement of this study is to apply parameters with physical meaning to the training model as a feature channel of an input image. The second is adoption a CNN to the basic U‐ Net structure for correcting the average height of the 3D‐surface. As a result, target image can be obtained quickly and unconditionally, even when predicting many cases or large areas. This study is expected to replace existing CFD analyzes for obtaining 3D profiles.
P‐114: Novel Optical Simulation System for Pixel Design Optimization
Authors: Shi Bo , Yu Chi , Tan Cuicui , Fu Jianji , Tan Yuanhao , Chen Du , Deng Kaijie , Guan Hui , Zhang Wei , Gukhwan Song , Xie Taofeng , Jiang Zhiliang , Hu Ming , Ko Youngyik , Qiu Haijun
Published: August 2023

OLED display quality is closely related to pixel design. Usually, in order to evaluate the effect of pixel design on display quality, we need to make panel samples and light them up, or observe killer pattern samples that putted on the back light. Either method costs a considerable amount of time and money. In this paper, we will introuce a novel optical simulation system that we established to evaluate and optimize pixel design qualitatively or quantitatively.
P‐120: Accelerated Lifetime Testing and Degradation Mechanisms of a Blue TADF OLED
Authors: Sem Stefano , Jenatsch Sandra , Züfle Simon , Gadola Arno , Hudson Daniel , Pflumm Christof , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: August 2023

Organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are a widespread commercial display technology but they are still subject of ongoing research with the aim to expand their application ranges through stack and material design. Operational stability is one of the most important key properties that are steadily being improved. The long lifetimes of several thousands of hours of state‐of‐the‐art OLED structures at standard operating conditions demand for accelerated lifetime tests (ALTs) and the use of appropriate scaling laws for elevated temperatures and current densities. Here we present ALTs for a blue thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) OLED and demonstrate the successful determination of the scaling parameters. Moreover, we study the microscopic degradation mechanisms using in‐situ electrical characterization methods.
P‐122: Low Cross‐Linking Temperature Hole Transport Copolymer with Exemplary Hole Transport Ability for Efficient Solution‐Processed OLED
Authors: Le Thi Na , Kim Haechan , Elumalai Ramachandran , Kim Yerin , Lee Jihoon , Suh Min Chul
Published: August 2023

Newly designed and synthesized hole transport material (HTM) composed of thermal cross‐linkable benzocyclobutene (BCB) [(7‐(2‐(4‐vinylbenzyl) oxy)ethoxy) bicyclo[4.2.0]octa‐1(6),2,4‐triene) and charge transport indenocarbazole (IC), having low cross‐ linking temperature of 130 °C and excellent charge transport ability (μh=1.01×10−2 cm2 V−1 s−1 at 4.0×105 Vcm−1 ), is reported in this work. Here, we also accurately predicted the cross‐linking temperature and calculated the charge transport parameters of the HTM through molecular dynamic simulation. Finally, incorporating this new HTM into solution‐processed OLED, 130.5 cdA−1 of current efficiency and 37.3 % of EQE were achieved. This result is one of the best efficiencies for phosphorescent solution‐processed OLED have been reported.
P‐124: Efficiency Enhanced Top Emitting OLED‐on‐Silicon Microdisplay with Aluminum Anode
Authors: Park Chan Young , Hyun Chang-Ho , Choi Byoungdeog
Published: August 2023

A top emitting organic light emitting diode‐on‐silicon (OLEDoS) panel with aluminum (Al) anode for high‐resolution microdisplays was proposed and fabricated. The low work function of the Al anode increases the energy barrier of the interface between the anode and hole injection layer (HIL), and has poor hole‐injection properties, which causes the low efficiency of the device. To enhance the hole‐injection characteristics of the Al anode, we applied optimized HIL and hole transportation layer (HTL) materials. The proposed single stack structure white OLED display panel with Al anode was fabricated on CMOS backplane and the white OLED device improved efficiency by up to 20 cd/A at 1000 nit, which is 90% of the level of conventional OLEDs with indium tin oxide (ITO) anode.
P‐131: Thermally Stability study for Quantum Rod On‐chip Light‐Emitting Diodes under High Power Illumination
Authors: Song Jianxin , Kang Chengbin , Gao Yiyang , Prodanov Maksym , Vashchenko Valerii , Srivastava Abhishek
Published: August 2023

Down‐conversion quantum dot on‐chip LED is favored by researchers in the new era due to its excellent optical performance. However, these materials show strong temperature dependence. To solve the thermal stability problem, in this work we studied red CdSe/CdS/ZnS core multi‐shell quantum rods (QRs). We found that these specially designed QRs provide a stable photoluminescence properties at relatively higher temperatures. The QRLEDs show 95% of the light intensity at 75 degrees, far exceeding the red‐light epitaxial grown LEDs available on the market. Thus, the quantum rods can be a potential candidate for the micro‐LEDs and LED products.