bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Significance of sugar intake in young adults: a review
Authors: Shetty Akshatha
Published: October 2021

Background

Foodborne diseases non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the main reason of death, accounting for 38 million (68%) of the 56 million premature deaths worldwide in 2012. Lower-middle and middle-income countries accounted for nearly three-quarters of all NCD fatalities (28 million), as well as the bulk of illness and premature death (82%). An excessive consumption of added sugar is source of worry for its link to unhealthy nutrition quality, overweight, and the risk of NCDs among adolescents. A further source of worry is the link among free sugar consumption and tooth cavities in young adults. Dental infections are the most common NCDs worldwide in young adults, and despite significant advances in management and cure in recent decades, issues remain, resulting in pain, anxiety, functional limitations (which include failing school grades and attendance in children), and social severe disability due to missing teeth.

Objectives

The purpose of this report is to give suggestions on how to consume added sugar in order to mitigate the possibility of NCDs in children and young adults, with an emphasis on the care and mitigation of obesity and metabolic syndrome and tooth decay among young adults.

Methods and materials

The Keywords like adolescent, Health, Dental Caries, Obesity, Sugar Intake, Recommendation have been used to evaluate the standard of evidence discovered via current systematic reviews of the scientific literature relating to significance of sugar intake consumption and its effect in young adults.

Results

The relevant data from prospective studies was judged to be of good quality, but data from nationwide population-based studies was judged to be of extremely low quality. Free sweeteners should be used in moderation during one’s life, according to the World Health Organization (strong recommendation 1). WHO advises limiting natural sugar consumption to very little about 10% of total calorie intake among both grownups and children 2 (strong recommendation).

Conclusions

There is a significant association of prevalence of tooth decay, obesity due to sugar consumption at an alarming rate hence regulators as well as curriculum developers can utilize the recommendation reviewed by us to compare current free sugar intake levels in their nations to a benchmark. They may also be used to design ways to reduce free sugar consumption through a wide variety of social health initiatives, if required.
Japanese Keigo: ‘Situational Context Analysis’ and ‘Politeness Strategies’ in Violet Evergarden Anime
Authors: Sari Rima Novita
Published: October 2021

Honorific speech (politeness) or keigo is an ingrained part of the Japanese language and culture. The honorific speech may be difficult to say due to particular words, comprehension, and context-based in the Japanese business environment. As a work of modern culture, anime can be used to analyze and comprehend keigo in society. This study will analyze keigo based on context analysis and speaker strategies. The method employs a qualitative approach with data collected through content analysis from the first six famous anime works, namely Violet Evergarden. The two theories used in this study are Tokieda Motoki of Language Process Theory explained by Masako Naito and Brown & Levinson modified Politeness Theory by Hori. Based on the results, two theories could be interrelated to explain keigo, in which language process theory showed keigo politeness expression related to the ‘situation’ or ‘context’ or called bamen, and politeness theory employed the speaker's politeness strategy. The results demonstrated how the protagonist in the anime uses three types of keigo: sonkeigo, kenjougo, and teineigo, and how the situational context could affect the speaker's strategies. Situational context and speaker's strategies to use keigo could be utilized as educational tools in Japanese language pedagogy or another context.
The East Kainji languages of Central Nigeria
Authors: Blench Roger
Published: October 2021

The paper is an overview of current scholarship on the East Kainji language group of Central Nigeria. It reviews the existing published and manuscript sources and describes recent research, as well as the development of orthographies for some languages. Many East Kainji languages are severely threatened and some have gone extinct within the period under review. The paper presents an internal classification of the group and briefly discusses the external relationships of these languages. On the basis of existing data, a review of the basic phonology and noun class prefix systems is given.
Staelia schumannii (Rubiaceae, Spermacoceae): An Old New Species from Bahia, Brazil, Overlooked for More than a Century
Authors: Carmo João A. M. do , Sobrado Sandra V. , Cabral Elsa L. , Salas Roberto M.
Published: October 2021

Abstract— The new species Staelia schumannii was discovered through the analysis of historical collections associated with Staelia thymbroides (≡ Psyllocarpus thymbroides). The rediscovery of the missing type of S. thymbroides
has shed light onto its identity, as well as onto the yet undescribed S. schumannii. In order to clarify their circumscriptions, both species are described and illustrated, and an identification key for all Brazilian Staelia is provided.
A New Phylogenetic Hypothesis for Cereinae (Cactaceae) Points to a Monophyletic Subtribe
Authors: Fantinati Mariana R. , Soffiatti Patricia , Calvente Alice
Published: October 2021

Abstract—Cereinae comprises 14 genera distributed in Neotropical dry forest formations such as in the Caatingas of northeastern Brazil or in rocky outcrops in the north of southeastern Brazil. Historically, the taxonomy of the group has been very controversial, especially regarding generic circumscriptions, and phylogenetic relationships within the group are still poorly understood. To investigate the delimitation of the subtribe and infra-subtribal relationships, we performed a phylogenetic analysis including 50 taxa representing 13 genera using one nuclear (PhyC) and four cpDNA (petL-psbE,trnL-trnT,trnS-trnG, andrpl16) regions. Our results show a monophyletic Cereinae with high support in Bayesian, maximum parsimony, and maximum likelihood analyses based on combined matrices. Although our results expand the knowledge of generic relationships, we emphasize the need for further molecular phylogenetic studies combined with ecological evidence to clarify relationships at the more inclusive nodes of the subtribe.
Psicologia e Surdez: governamento da diferença e outras margens possíveis
Authors: Oliveira Liliane Moreira , Hadler Oriana Holsbach
Published: October 2021

Em uma época em que muito se fala sobre inclusão de Pessoas com Deficiência e sobre a necessidade de preparação para o exercício desta inclusão, o presente artigo se propõe a questionar em que momento a surdez passa a ser compreendida como deficiência, sendo incorporada às Políticas Públicas de Inclusão a partir de uma produção acerca de suas especificidades e saberes científicos. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo visa problematizar o momento e a maneira como as pessoas surdas passam a ser público-alvo da Psicologia. Propõe-se, ao longo da discussão, a compreensão dos movimentos de normatização, normalização e governamento da diferença, visando apresentar a possibilidade e/ou necessidade de lançar um novo olhar sobre a surdez com o intuito de modificar a relação entre Psicologia e Surdez, distanciando-se da relação saber-objeto em que tal encontro está instituído. Para tal serão tensionados alguns depoimentos e discursos presentes na fala de profissionais da área, identificando de que lugar a Psicologia fala atualmente e como tais narrativas visibilizam processos de subjetivação da população surda.
MUDANÇAS E ADAPTAÇÕES DAS UNIVERSIDADES COMUNITÁRIAS EM TEMPOS DE CRISE
Authors: Thomé Vilmar
Published: October 2021

Na entrevista, o professor Vilmar Thomé considera sua trajetória acadêmica e profissional, em especial sua experiência de Pró-Reitor e de Reitor na Universidade de Santa Cruz do Sul (UNISC), para analisar as mudanças e as adaptações que ocorrem nas Universidades Comunitárias num momento em que o ensino universitário no Brasil é provocado a se reinventar. Para o professor Thomé, vivemos um momento em que os diferentes modelos de Universidade no Brasil precisam ser repensados, considerando a importância de melhorar o aproveitamento dos recursos investidos, de alcançar melhores resultados, de ter maior capacidade de atender às necessidades da sociedade. Na experiência das Universidades Comunitárias, o professor destaca três questões que se consolidaram como legado da história até então construída: transparência, descentralização e participação. Mas destaca que o momento é de adaptações, sem esquecer o legado construído, mas considerando os desafios de um tempo de crise e de transformações tecnológicas que criam novas possibilidades de organização das atividades universitárias.
Two-armed bandit problem and batch version of the mirror descent algorithm
Authors: Колногоров Александр Валерианович , Kolnogorov Alexander , Назин Александр Викторович , Nazin Alexander , Шиян Дмитрий Николаевич , Shiyan Dmitry
Published: October 2021

We consider the minimax setup for the two-armed bandit problem as applied to data processing if there are two alternative processing methods with different a priori unknown efficiencies. One should determine the most efficient method and provide its predominant application. To this end, we use the mirror descent algorithm (MDA). It is well-known that corresponding minimax risk has the order of $N^{1/2$ with $N$ being the number of processed data and this bound is unimprovable in order. We propose a batch version of the MDA which allows processing data by packets that is especially important if parallel data processing can be provided. In this case, the processing time is determined by the number of  batches rather than by the total number of data. Unexpectedly, it turned out that the batch version behaves unlike the ordinary one even if the number of packets is large. Moreover, the batch version provides significantly smaller value of the minimax risk, i.e., it considerably improves a control performance. We explain this result by considering another batch modification of the MDA which behavior is close to behavior of the ordinary version and minimax risk is close as well. Our estimates use invariant descriptions of the algorithms based on Gaussian approximations of incomes in batches of data in the domain of ``close'' distributions and are obtained by Monte-Carlo simulations.
Machine load balancing game with linear externalities
Authors: Чиркова Юлия Васильевна , Chirkova Julia
Published: October 2021

The Machine Load Balancing Game with linear externalities is considered. A set of jobs is to be assigned to a set of machines with different latencies depending on their own loads and also loads on other machines. Jobs choose machines to minimize their own latencies. The social cost of a schedule is the maximum delay among all machines, i.e. {\it makespan. For the case of two machines in this model an Nash equilibrium existence is proven and of the expression for the Price of Anarchy is obtained.
Game-theoretic models of battle action
Authors: Шумов Владислав Вячеславович , Shumov Vyacheslav , Корепанов Всеволод Олегович , Korepanov Vsevolod
Published: October 2021

The main types of combined arms combat operations are offensive and defense. Using the function of victory in battle, which is an extension of the function of conflict by G. Tullock, the following game-theoretic problems have been solved. First, the extended Gross-Germeier ''attack-defense'' model, which is a special case of a more general ''offensive-defense'' model, and describing the solution by the parties of the nearest tactical tasks, is investigated. Secondly, it has been proved that in the problem of breaking through points of defense (the closest tactical task), the criteria ``breaking through the weakest point'' and ``breaking through at least one point'' are equivalent. Thirdly, in the model of resource distribution of attackers and defenders between tactical tasks (echelons), the use of two criteria: 1) the product of the probabilities of solving the nearest and subsequent tactical tasks, 2) the minimum value of the named probabilities, - gives two fundamentally different solutions. Fourthly, the results of decisions were checked for compliance with the principles of military art and the practice of battles, battles and operations.
Hierarchical games with feedback on the assumption of a lower-level player's benevolence
Authors: Горелов Михаил Александрович , Gorelov Mikhail
Published: October 2021

A new optimality principle is proposed that generalizes the Stackelberg equilibrium principle. Its connection with the classical definition is investigated. The technique of working with the new definition is discussed. As an example, solutions are found in two hierarchical games with feedback.
‘Kymeli Atlet’ Heykeli
Authors: CURA Murat
Published: October 2021

İnsanoğlunun milyonlarca yıl önce ayakta durma ve yürüme ile başlayan hareketi, kas ve sinir sistemi geliştikçe koşuya dönüşmüştür. Koşu, insanların ve hayvanların hızla hareket ettiği en yaygın aktivitelerden biridir ve binlerce yıldır sportif faaliyetlerin önemli bir dalı olmuştur. Koşuda bir ayak yerde diğer ayak ise havadadır. Antik koşu yarışmaları, uzaklıklarına ve hızına göre farklı isimlerle anılmaktadır. Antik Hellas’ta M.Ö. 776’da koşu, yarışmaların bir parçası haline gelmiştir. Koşunun türüne göre insan vücudu farklı biçimler göstermektedir. Önemli Aiol kentlerinden biri olan antik Kyme açıklarında 1979’da balıkçılar tarafından bronz bir atlet heykeli bulunmuştur. ‘Kymeli Atlet’ olarak da bilinen eser, günümüzde İzmir Arkeoloji Müzesi’nde korunmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, bir kolu eksik olan heykelin duruşunu antik dönem heykelleri ve seramiklerdeki resimlerden örneklerle karşılaştırarak incelemek ve kolun duruş teorilerini sunmaktır. Çalışma, heykelin kopyası üzerinden küçültülen 3D baskısı üzerinden yapılmıştır. Bronz ‘Kymeli Atlet’ heykeli döküm tekniği ile yapılmıştır. Bronz heykellerin yapım teknikleri ve metal analizleri, heykellerin kökenini ve sanatçısını belirlemede yardımcı olduğu kadar, kültür varlıklarını koruma ve onarım çalışmaları açısından da önemlidir.
Menenjiomlarda miRNA’lar Biyobelirteç Olarak Kullanılabilir mi?
Authors: DAĞLI Hasan , GÜLBAHAR Özlem
Published: October 2021

ÖzetPrimer beyin tümörleri glial veya non-glial ve benign veya malign olarak sınıflandırılır. Menenjiomlar en yaygın görülen benign intrakranial tümörlerdir. Meningiom ismi ‘Meninks’ denilen beyin zarının tümörü anlamına gelse de aslında örümcek ağı şeklindeki ‘araknoid’ zarından (araknoid şapka hücrelerden) kaynaklandığı gösterilmiştir. Meningiomların büyük çoğunluğu iyi huylu, iyi sınırlı, yavaş büyüyen ve cerrahi ile tedavi edilebilir tümörlerdir. Menenjiom hastalarında prognozu en çok etkileyen rezeksiyonun derecesi ile histolojik derecedir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (DSÖ) sınıflamasına göre menenjiomların büyük çoğunluğu grade I (tipik/benign), %10’dan az bir kısmı grade II (atipik/intermediate) ve III (anaplastic/malign) tümörlerdir. Menenjiom tümörleri doku biyopsisi alınarak patolojik inceleme ile değerlendirilmektedir. Henüz tanısal ve prognostik amaçlı kullanılabilecek, non-invaziv olarak elde edilen kan örneklerinde çalışılabilecek bir biyobelirteç bulunmamaktadır. Girişimsel bir tanı yöntemi olan biyopsinin riskli olabilmesi ve değerlendirmenin subjektif olması gibi sebeplerle serum gibi non-invaziv örneklerde bakılabilecek biyobelirteçlere ihtiyaç vardır. MikroRNA’lar (miRNA) gen ekspresyonunu post-transkripsiyonel seviyede düzenleyen, 18-22 nükleotit uzunluğunda, endojen, protein kodlamayan RNA molekülleridir. Son yıllarda, miRNA’ların tümörler dâhil çeşitli patolojik durumlar için potansiyel biyobelirteç olmaları konusunda giderek artan araştirmalar yapılmaktadır. miRNA’lar belirli şartlar altında onkogen veya tümör supresor olarak fonksiyon görebilmektedirler. Proliferasyondan invazyona, metastazdan anjiogeneze kadar tümör oluşumu ve gelişimine katkıda bulunan birçok hücresel süreçte rol oynadıklarına dair kanıtlar vardır. Bu derlemede, bu moleküllerin menenjiyom teşhisi ve prognozundaki roller ve potansiyel terapötik etkilerini ele almayı amaçladık.
STUDY OF EXPERIENCE OF THE APPLICATION OF GENDER QUOTAS IN THE POLITICAL SPHERE OF THE EU COUNTRIES AND UKRAINE THROUGH THE PRISM OF EFFICIENCY
Authors: Baranovskyi F.V. , Dyhal Y.V.
Published: October 2021

Abstract. The article reveals the experience of using gender quotas and the issues of their effectiveness in the political sphere of the European Union and Ukraine. The relevance of the article is due to the fact that gender quotas are a common and at the same time institutionalized mechanism for ensuring gender equality. The article uses historical, comparative and structural-functional research methods. The authors determined the legal basis of gender quotas, mechanisms for their implementation, types of quotas and criteria for their effectiveness. Legislative candidate quotas and voluntary party quotas have been found to apply in European countries. The experience of applying gender quotas in the EU and Ukraine was studied. Gender quotas have been shown to increase women's representation, but not immediately after application. The effectiveness of quotas is determined by a good legal basis and the use of quotas in combination with other means. It is determined that even a single application of gender quotas has a lasting effect on increasing the number of women in representative bodies. The adoption of voluntary party quotas by leading political parties also contributes to the equal representation of women and men. In addition to directly affecting the number of women in the legislature, gender quotas indirectly affect other aspects of life. Key words: gender, gender equality, gender quotas, affirmative action, European Union.
The connection between the some agents of sextransmitting diseasesand bacterial vaginosis
Authors: Rishchuk S. V. , Bojtsov А. G. , Kostjuchek D. F. , Gavrilova М. V.
Published: October 2021

Women were placed in one of four groups according to their vaginal pathological state. 77 patients with classical bacterial vaginosis (BV) were included in the first group. The second group included 63 women with BV and leukocytes in the vaginal smear. The third group consisted of 157 patients without clinical and laboratory criteria of BV, but with bacterial vaginitis. The fourth group (control group) totalized 193 people without any of the above pathological processes in the vagina or other diseases of the pelvis.

Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma and Trichomonas were found significantly more often in women with BV that in those without (4,3; 15,2; 2,6; 5,9 times accordingly). Chlamydia and Ureaplasma in diagnostic levels were identified more often in the patients with BV and leukocytes than in those with the classical variant (1,8 and 1,4 times accordingly). Trichomonas was found only in the patients with BV and leukocytes; and M.himinis in diagnostic levels was identified in both variants equally.
About possibility of clarification of cervical maturity degree using complex sonographic biometry
Authors: Savitskiy A. G.
Published: October 2021

There were used the ultrasound estimation of cervical echogenity (grey scale) with simultaneous histogramms in 6 standard zones with equal squares, each of them was placed in central parts of external os, middle third of cervix and region of internal os. Received information after computer analysis allowed to get objective information about tissue echogenity in examined zones. In parallel the metric characteristics of cervix and its estimation by means of Bishop scale were done. It was established that echographic structure of cervical tissue reflects morpholological changes and maturity. This method gives a possibility to differ as minimum three echotypes of cervix hyper-, poly-, and hypoechogenic, in accordance with conception of поп-mature, maturing and mature cervix. It was confirmed by labor and delivery outcomes analysis. The metric characterisics and Bishop scale do not give objective characteristics of cervical maturity
Patient's rights, medical ethics and juridical responsibility of obstetricians and gynecologists
Authors: Ailamazyan Е. K. , Tsvelev Y. V.
Published: October 2021

There were summarized the results of discussion concerning problems of bioethics, deontology, patients rights and juridical resonsibility of obstetrician and gynecologists.
EFFECT OF NITROGEN LEVELS ON GROWTH ATTRIBUTES, YIELD AND NUTRIENT UPTAKE OF DIFFERENT RICE (Oryza sativa L.) VARIETIES UNDER THE TRANSPLANTED CONDITION
Authors:   SNRM, CPGSAS, CAU, Umiam, Meghalaya- 793 103, India, Maurya Rakesh , Singh Manoj Kumar ,   Department of Agronomy I.Ag.Sc. BHU, Varanasi- 221005, India, Singh Nikhil Kumar ,   Department of Agronomy I.Ag.Sc. BHU, Varanasi- 221005, India, Singh Manish Kumar ,   Department of Horticulture I.Ag.Sc. BHU,Varanasi- 221005, India, Singh Anurag Kumar ,   Department of Agronomy I.Ag.Sc. BHU, Varanasi- 221005, India
Published: October 2021

Rice is very responsive to nitrogen fertilization under transplanted conditions; however N use efficiency and uptake by different varieties may vary. A field study was conducted during the rainy season of 2017 to assess the effect of four nitrogen levels in three rice varieties under the transplanted condition at Agricultural Research Farm, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment was carried out in a split-plot design (SPD) with three replications. The total number of treatments was twelve involving three rice varieties (V1- BPT-5204, V2- Rajendra Kasturi and V3- HUBR 2-1) in main plots and four nitrogen levels (N1- 100, N2- 120, N3- 140, and N4- 160 kg ha-1) in sub-plots. Rice variety BPT- 5204 recorded significantly higher growth parameters viz. leaf number hill-1 (37.17), SPAD value (chlorophyll content 31.83), the higher number of days taken to 50 percent flowering (103 days), maturity (130.17 days), grain yield (50.73 q ha-1), biological yield (112.90 q ha-1) and harvest index (0.45) as well as NPK uptakes by grain (60.96, 13.01 & 10.95 kg ha-1) and straw (29.72, 7.15 & 101.55 kg ha-1) as compared to other varieties. However, straw yield (62.17 q ha-1) was reported higher under HUBR 2-1 as compared to the rest varieties. Among the nitrogen levels, N4-160 kg N ha-1 was recorded significantly higher above the same parameter as compared to other nitrogen levels. Hence, the application of N @ 160 kg ha-1 along with rice variety BPT- 5204 can be recommended for achieving higher rice yield, nutrient uptake, and efficiency in Eastern Uttar Pradesh.
Editorial Comment
Authors: Dias Branco Sérgio , Khan Amir
Published: October 2021

The eighth issue of Conversations is open-themed. Nonetheless, the articles gathered here coalesce around issues of feeling it. This is perhaps not altogether anomalous as all good writing is in some capacity a matter of feeling. But beginning with Andrew Norris, we are invited to consider how Cavell’s moods inflect not simply his writing, but from there, his world and possibly the world. Managing to maintain attachments to professional philosophy after explicitly describing the world in a mooded way is perhaps amongst Cavell’s notable (even Heideggarian) achievements. Next, Brad Tabas reminds us that our place in the universe costs money, is expensive—and that philosophy requires coming to terms with a mood of cannibalism that accompanies the stark realization and possibility that my voice or mood negates another’s. Philosophy or thinking or what have you quite possibly eats itself. Michael McCreary notes a similar mood of failed catharsis in Dostoevsky’s Underground Man and by so doing, provides a sorely needed Cavellian commentary on the possibility of failed expression, of what happens when the costs of mooding the world results not in ordinary transcendence, but extraordinary rage. Charles Djordjevic looks to what one might perhaps term a Cavellian sense of “play” to deal with extraordinary railings. The move to take language on holiday, that is, is not indicative necessarily of Wittgensteinian error but perhaps a type of philosophical therapy afforded to human beings by virtue of (a Kierkegaardian) faith. Lucas Thompson more subtly exposes the lack of faith in contemporary treatment of Cavell’s philosophical work on film, exposing the naïve belief that takes Cavell to be naïve for not engaging forcefully enough in “ideology critique”; not only does Thompson champion Cavell’s genre of remarriage comedies in rebuttal, but he ably adds another film to the mix. Lastly, a welcome and spirited addendum concludes the issue in dialogic exchange. Two recently published Cavellian authors, Rex Butler and Catherine Wheatley, discuss how Cavell might be better integrated into a wider, more contentious, and certainly more mooded, world of gender and identity politics.
Las mujeres como protagonistas del fanfiction hispanohablante
Authors: Ríos Izquierdo Cristina de los
Published: October 2021

Este artículo aborda la figura de la mujer hispanohablante como escritora de fanfiction (ficción escrita por aficionados de una serie de televisión, película, etc. y con sus personajes) en algunas comunidades de fans (fandoms). El gran número de escritoras mujeres en los fandoms de los medios de comunicación ha feminizado tanto la actividad de escribir fanfiction como las propias comunidades de fans. Por lo tanto, los objetivos concretos de esta investigación son: en primer lugar, describir a las escritoras hispanohablantes de fanfiction –¿quiénes son?, ¿dónde están?, ¿qué hacen?–; y, en segundo lugar, explicar la feminización del fanfiction y de los fandoms a través, principalmente, de las temáticas predominantes. La metodología utilizada es mixta, cualitativa y cuantitativa, con el fin de encontrar un procedimiento adecuado mediante la triangulación en la recolección de datos de distintas fuentes primarias obtenidas ex profeso para la investigación. Los datos cuantitativos se han obtenido a partir de un cuestionario de elaboración propia, realizado a fans de los medios de comunicación, y los cualitativos, a partir de entrevistas personales a personas que crean contenidos de distintos fandoms. Las conclusiones llevan a considerar el fanfiction como un lugar de reunión para minorías que normalmente no han encontrado representación en los medios de comunicación y que, gracias a este espacio, han creado sus propios canales para comunicarse y transmitir historias. De esta manera, han conseguido sentirse representadas a través de una temática centrada, principalmente, en las relaciones interpersonales.
Ensaio sobre os fundamentos pedagógicos do método educativo de João Melchior Bosco (Dom Bosco)
Authors: Mialhe Jorge Luís , Soffner Renato Kraide
Published: October 2021

Este trabalho teve por objetivo o levantamento das bases pedagógicas do modelo educativo proposto por João Melchior Bosco, mais conhecido por Dom Bosco, sacerdote católico italiano do século XIX e fundador da Congregação Salesiana. Por meio de revisão de literatura de autores da própria Congregação e de fontes primárias (textos de Dom Bosco e de seus colaboradores), pudemos mapear a evolução dos princípios que sustentam o método educativo analisado e compará-lo ao que se chama hoje de Ciência da Educação, na tentativa de testar a condição de cientificidade do modelo salesiano. Concluímos que a iniciativa educacional de João Bosco não tem, originalmente, os fundamentos científicos da Pedagogia como conhecida hoje, mas foi revista por autores da Congregação Salesiana, com a finalidade de introduzir indicadores e critérios pedagógicos de modo a sistematizar e oficializar seu trabalho dentro dos princípios de uma Pedagogia formal. O que se chama hoje de “Pedagogia Salesiana” é, na verdade, o que os salesianos seguidores de Dom Bosco reconhecem como “Sistema Preventivo”.
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PASIEN DI INSTALASI RAWAT INAP RUMAH SAKIT UMUM (RSU) HAJI SURABAYA BERDASARKAN DIMENSI MUTU DABHOLKAR
Authors: Piranti Kidhung
Published: October 2021

Community Satisfaction Index (CSI) in Inpatient Installation of Surabaya Hajj Hospital increased during 2012-2016, but it has not reached the standard determined by the hospital, that is 85%. This study aims to analyze the patient satisfaction in the Inpatient Installation of Surabaya Hajj Hospital based on Dabholkar Dimension. This study is descriptive observational analysis by using cross-sectional approach with systematic random sampling technique. The samples obtained  were 142 respondents. This research analyzes patientsatisfaction in the Inpatient Installation by categorizing patient satisfaction in each element based on Dabholkar Dimension. The element with a compositemean ≥ the aggregate of composite average means satisfied and not becoming an issue, while the element with composite mean< the aggregate of composite average means unsatisfied and becomming an issue. Quality service issue can be a problem hence it needs to be resolved as soon as possible. The results of this study can be used to prepare the recommendationof health service improvementto increase patient satisfaction.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Urinary Incontinence in Elementary School Aged Children
Authors: Travis Amanda , Harvey Margaret , Rickard Michelle
Published: October 2021

Purpose/Background: Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) have an impact on health throughout the lifespan (Filletti et al., 1999; Hughes et al., 2017). These experiences range from physical and mental abuse, substance abuse in the home, parental separation or loss, financial instability, acute illness or injury, witnessing violence in the home or community, and incarceration of family members (Hughes et al., 2017). Understanding and screening for ACEs in children with urinary incontinence can help practitioners identify psychological stress as a potentially modifiable risk factor. Methods: A 5-month chart review was performed identifying English speaking patients ages 6-11 years presenting to the outpatient urology office for an initial visit with a primary diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Charts were reviewed for documentation of individual or family risk factors for ACEs exposure, community risk factors for ACEs exposures, and records where no related documentation was included. Results: For the thirty-nine patients identified, no community risk factors were noted in the charts. Seventy-nine percent of patients had one or more individual or family risk factors documented. Implications for Nursing Practice This chart review indicates that a significant percentage of pediatric, school-aged patients presenting with urinary incontinence have exposure to ACEs. A formal assessment for ACEs at the time of initial presentation would be helpful to identify those at highest risk. References: Felitti VJ, Anda RF, Nordenberg D, Williamson DF, Spitz AM, Edwards V, Koss MP, Marks JS. Relationship of childhood abuse and household dysfunction to many of the leading causes of death in adults: the adverse childhood experiences (ACE) study. Am J Prev Med. 1998;14:245–258 Hughes, K., Bellis, M.A., Hardcastle, K.A., Sethi, D., Butchart, D., Mikton, C., Jones, L., Dunne, M.P. (2017) The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Public Health, 2(8): e356–e366. Published online 2017 Jul 31.doi: 10.1016/S2468-2667(17)30118-4 Lai, H., Gardner, V., Vetter, J., & Andriole, G. L. (2015). Correlation between psychological stress levels and the severity of overactive bladder symptoms. BMC urology, 15, 14. doi:10.1186/s12894-015-0009-6
Buku Ajar Biologi Reproduksi
Authors: Amelia Paramitha
Published: October 2021

Penyusunan dan pembahasan buku ini mengacu pada kurikulum, GBPP dan silabus Mata Kuliah Biologi Reproduksi di Program Studi Kebidanan. Buku ini berisi materi-materi khusus tentang biologi yang berhubungan dengan sistem reproduksi manusia dan disusun bagi praktisi dan akademisi. Penulis berharap buku ini dapat menambah wacana buku ilmu pengetahuan pada bidang kesehatan, khususnya kebidanan dan membantu dalam pembelajaran yang menunjang terbentuknya tenaga bidan yang profesional.
Permeability Analysis of Hydrate-Bearing Porous Media Considering the Effect of Phase Transition and Mechanical Strain during the Shear Process
Authors: Zhou S. S. , Li M. , Wu P. , Liu Y. , Zhang L. X. , Yang L. , Li Y. H. , Zhao J. F. , Song Y. C.
Published: October 2021

The permeability characteristics of hydrate-bearing reservoirs are critical factors governing gas and water flow during gas hydrate exploitation. Herein, X-ray microcomputed tomography (CT) and the pore network model (PNM) are applied to study the dynamic gas and water relative permeabilities (krg and krw) of hydrate-bearing porous media during the shear process. As such, the dynamic region extraction method of hydrate-bearing porous media under continuous shear is adopted by considering deformation in the vertical direction. The results show that krw and krg of hydrate-bearing porous media are influenced by the effect of disordered sand particle movement under axial strain. Declines in the critical pore structure factors (pore space connectivity, pore size, and throat size) contribute to the reduction in krw and the increase in krg. However, krg decreases during the shear process at a high water saturation (Sw) because of the high threshold pressure and flow channel blockage. In addition, the connate water saturation (Swc) continuously increases during the shear process. Swc is influenced by pore size, throat size, and flow channel blockage. Moreover, the preferential flow direction of krg and krw changes during the continuous shear process. The results of dynamic permeability evolution during the continuous shear process under triaxial stress provide a reference for pore-scale gas and water flow regulation analysis.
Understanding regional mechanics of rat myocardia by fitting hyperelatsic models
Authors: Nemavhola Fulufhelo , Ngwangwa Harry , Pandelani Thanyani , Davies Neil , Franz Thomas
Published: October 2021

Availability of biaxial mechanical data for heart myocardia remains high in demand for the development of accurate and detailed computational models. The aim of this study is to study the regional difference of wall mechanics using rat heart in the left ventricle (LV), septal wall (STW) and right ventricle (RV). This was achieved by conducting a biaxial test on three rat heart myocardia (i.e LV, RV and STW). Fung, Choi-Vito, Polynomial (Anistropic), Four-Fiber family, Holzapfel (2000) and Holzapfel (2005) hyperelastic models were selected and fitted on the bixial data of the LV, RV and STW. The best hyperelastic model was the selected based on evaluation index (EI) determined from the coefficient of determination (R2). All the six models were then compared in all three rat heart myocardia. The results show that the Polynomial (Anisotropic) model outperforms the other five models in all myocardial tissues with EI’s above 90 % goodness of fit. The Four-fiber-family and the two Holzapfel models perform equally in the LV and STW myocardial tissue between 50 and 70 % goodness of fit. The Fung and Choi-Vito models yielded poor goodness of fit in the LV and STW myocardial tissues. Parameter fitting is useful method in advancing reliable data to be used in the development of accurate computational models.
Pyruvate Kinase M2 is Highly Expressed in Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Promotes its Progression
Authors: Liu Niannian , Shi Jian , Ge Xin , Zhang Li , Chen Sai , Zhang Dongmei , Miao Xu
Published: October 2021

Background: Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is conducive to tumor formation and progression for several types of cancer. Its role in the tumorigenesis and progress of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) remains unknown. We sought to explore the expression and function of PKM2 in CSCC.Methods: The expression of PKM2 in 62 cases of actinic keratoses (AK), 15 cases ofBowen´s diseases (BD), 66 cases of CSCC and 10 cases of normal skin tissues (NT) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The staining patterns were assessed using a 12-point semi-quantitative scoring system. Immunohistology scores were statistically analysed. We further established a stable PKM2 knockdown CSCC cell line to explore its effect on cell biological behaviors. In this study, we used western blotting, CCK-8 assay, colony formation test, transwell assay, wound-healing assay, glucose concentration assay and lactate concentration assay.Results: We found that the expression of PKM2 increased significantly in AK, BD and CSCC, compared to that in NT. In addition, a comparison of PKM2 expression percentage showed that there was significantly difference among these three diseases. Then, we observed that PKM2 expression was associated with infiltration depth in 62 AK patient and course of disease in 15 BD patients. Moreover, high expression of PKM2 in 66 CSCC patients was significantly related with position, histological grade and Broder stage. In addition, PKM2 knockdown could obviously inhibit CSCC cell proliferation, invasion, migration and aerobic glycolysis in vitro. Finally, the expression levels of the phosphorylated- (p-) p38 of the MAPK pathway in the PKM2 knockdown groups greatly decreased compared with those of the controls in CSCC cell lines.Conclusions: PKM2 is differently expressed in CSCC-related diseases. PKM2 is highly expressed in CSCC and promotes its progression, which may be associated with the activation of p38 MARK signaling pathway. PKM2 may be a potential therapeutic target for CSCC.
Modulation of Physiological and Biochemical Traits of Two Genotypes of Rosa Damascena Mill. By Nano Silicon Under in Vitro Drought Stress
Authors: Hajizadeh Hanifeh Seyed , Azizi Sahar , Rasouli Farzad , Okatan Volkan
Published: October 2021

Drought is a major abiotic stress that prevents plant growth and efficiency. Silicon increases drought tolerance by regulating the biosynthesis and acumulation of some osmolits.This study was conducted to modulate dought stress induced by Polyethylene glycol (PEG) in two genotypes of damasks by nano silicon dioxide (nSiO2). The experiment included three levels of nSiO2 (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and PEG (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100 g L-1) added to culture medium. Drought stress decreased protein content while Maragheh genotype under normal conditios and treating with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest protein content. Under severe drought stress Maragheh genotype had stronger membrane stability index (MSI) than Kashan genotype and explants treated with 100 mg L-1 nSiO2 had the highest MSI in control plants. Contrary to the negative effects of drought, plants treated with 100 mg L−1 nSiO2 maintained more of their photosynthetic parameters in comparison with other treatments and showed higher amount of protein and proline in Maragheh rather than kashan genotype. Drought stress reduced the values of Fm, Fv/Fm, and Fv. In general, under drought stress, treatment with nSiO2 increased the mentioned characteristics before. It also improved water deficit tolerance through enhancing in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, peroxidase, guaiacol peroxidase and superoxide dismutase while the amount of lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide decreased. The results showed that Maragheh genotype may be more stronger in counter with water deficit by improving in water balance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and membrane stability.
The Characteristic Equation of The Exceptional Jordan Algebra: Its Eigenvalues, And Their Relation With Mass Ratios For Quarks And Leptons
Authors: Singh Tejinder P.
Published: October 2021

We have recently proposed a pre-quantum, pre-space-time theory as a matrix-valued La-grangian dynamics on an octonionic space-time. This pre-theory offers the prospect of unifying the internal symmetries of the standard model with gravity. It can also predict the values of free parameters of the standard model, because these parameters arising in the Lagrangian are related to the algebra of the octonions which define the underlying non-commutative space-time on which the dynamical degrees of freedom evolve. These free parameters are related to the algebra J3 (O) [exceptional Jordan algebra] which in turn is related to the three fermion generations. The exceptional Jordan algebra [also known as the Albert algebra] is the finite dimensional algebra of 3x3 Hermitean matrices with octonionic entries. Its automorphism group is the exceptional Lie group F4. These matrices admit a cubic characteristic equation whose eigenvalues are real and depend on the invariant trace, determinant, and an inner product made from the Jordan matrix. Also, there is some evidence in the literature that the groups F4 and E6 could play a role in the unification of the standard model symmetries, including the Lorentz symmetry. The octonion algebra is known to correctly yield the electric charge values (0, 1/3, 2/3, 1) for standard model fermions, via the eigenvalues of a U (1) number operator, identified with U (1)em. In the present article, we use the same octonionic representation of the fermions to compute the eigenvalues of the characteristic equation of the Albert algebra, and compare the resulting eigenvalues with the known mass ratios for quarks and leptons. We find that the ratios of the eigenvalues correctly reproduce the [square root of the] known mass ratios for quarks and charged leptons. We also propose a diagrammatic representation of the standard model bosons, Higgs and three fermion generations, in terms of the octonions, exhibiting an F4 and E6 symmetry. In conjunction with the trace dynamics Lagrangian, the Jordan eigenvalues also provide a first principles theoretical derivation of the low energy value of the fine structure constant, yielding the value 1/137.04006. The Karolyhazy correction to this value gives an exact match with the measured value of the constant, after assuming a specific value for the electro-weak symmetry breaking energy scale.
Continuous Blood-Brain Barrier Breakdown In Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients
Authors: Villringer Kersten , Temuulen Uchralt , Mekle Ralf , Fiebach Jochen B. , Nolte Christin H. , Khalil Ahmed A.
Published: October 2021

Neurological diseases such as ischemic stroke and dementia are associated with compromised blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Knowledge about the time course of BBB leakage may have impact on therapeutic interventions and diagnostic measures such as testing for blood biomarkers. However, reports on the timeline and pattern of this leakage are contradictory. Therefore, we aimed to assess the time course of BBB permeability in ischemic stroke patients during the first 24 hours after symptom onset using dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) MRI at 3 Tesla. We categorized time from stroke symptom onset to imaging into the following groups 1) 0-6 hours (n=10), 2) 6-16 hours (n=14) and 3) 16-24 hours (n=29). BBB permeability differed significantly between stroke lesions and the contralesional tissue for groups 2 and 3 (p=0.006, p<0.001, Wilcoxon-signed rank test). Using univariate or multivariate linear regression analyses we found no association between BBB leakage and age, sex, hyperintense reperfusion marker (another marker of BBB permeability) hemorrhagic transformation, white matter lesion load, symptom severity, functional disability and cerebrovascular risk factors. The results of our study therefore suggest continuous BBB leakage in the first 24 hours after stroke.
Biological Diversity in Aerated Facultative Lagoon Treating Kraft Cellulose Effluent Through Bioaugmentation
Authors: Nunes Jackeline Valendolf , Silva Mac Wendell Barbosa da , Couto Gustavo Henrique , Flôr Izadora Cervelin , Vicente Vania Aparecida , Almeida José Daniel , Celinski Fernanda , Xavier Claudia Regina
Published: October 2021

Background: This study analyzes the microbiological diversity in an aerated facultative lagoon system with volumetric organic loading rates of 0.2 and 0.6 kgCODm-3d-1 treating effluent from the kraft pulp industry through bioaugmentation. The samples for the study of biological diversity were taken from a laboratory-scale lagoon at steady state treating kraft pulp effluent and operated with 0.2 and 0.6 kgCODm-3d-1 for 120 days. This analysis was performed by identifying the 16s DNA sequencing, through DNA extraction, polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis at 1%. Next, the autochthonous bacteria were named through statistical similarity obtained from the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. The lagoon performance was assessed based on the removal efficiency of specifics compounds.Results: In the biomass samples collected at steady state, 9 and 12 species of bacteria were identified and the species Bacillus cereus, Bacillus thuringiensis and Paenibacillus glucanolyticus found in this matrix presented significant removal of the parameters in the kraft effluent. In the treatment, it was possible to observe that the removal of organic matter above 50% for chemical demand and above 95% for biochemical demand. The specific compounds were not significantly removed, but this is a characteristic of biological treatments. Conclusions: We found that the three referred species show great promise in the removal of specific parameters in a lagoon biological treatment system using bioaugmentation.
Risk prediction of the metabolic syndrome using TyG Index and SNPs: a 10-year longitudinal prospective cohort study
Authors: Kang Sang Wook , Kim Su Kang , Kim Young Sik , Park Min-Su
Published: October 2021

TyG (triglyceride and glucose) index using triglyceride and fasting blood glucose is recommended as a useful marker for insulin resistance. To clarify whether the TyG index is a marker for predicting the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and to investigate the importance of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in MetS diagnosis. From 2001 to 2014, a longitudinal prospective cohort study of 3,580 adults aged 40 to 70 years was conducted. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and Youden index (YI) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value. During the 14 year follow-up, 1270 subjects developed MetS. Five SNPs in four genes (BUD13 rs10790162, ZPR1 rs2075290, APOA5 rs2266788, APOA5 rs2075291, and MKL1 rs4507196) significantly correlated with susceptibility to MetS (P<0.00005). The areas under the curve of TyG index and HOMA-IR were 0.854 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.841–0.867), and 0.702 (95% CI, 0.684–0.721), respectively. Despite no statistical significance, AUROC and YI were increased when MetS was diagnosed using TyG index and the five SNPs. TyG index might be useful for identifying individuals at high risk of developing MetS. The combination of TyG index and SNPs showed better diagnostic accuracy than TyG index alone, indicating the potential value of novel SNPs for MetS diagnosis.