bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with lymph node metastasis upstage after resection for patients with micropapillary lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Matsushima Keigo , Sonoda Dai , Mitsui Ai , Tamagawa Satoru , Hayashi Shoko , Naito Masahito , Matsui Yoshio , Shiomi Kazu , Satoh Yukitoshi
Published: December 2021

Background

Micropapillary adenocarcinoma has a poor prognostic histological pattern. Additionally, preoperative detection of lymph node metastases by preoperative examination is difficult in some patients with micropapillary adenocarcinoma, and postoperative upstage may occur. However, clinicopathological features of patients with micropapillary adenocarcinoma with nodal upstage have not been established, therefore this study aimed to identify the factors associated with potential lymph node metastases during preoperative examination to ensure effective surgical procedures.

Methods

Between January 2011 and December 2020, 1029 patients received complete resection for primary non‐small‐cell lung cancer by lobectomy or more extensive resection with systematic lymph node dissection at this institution. One hundred and thirty‐one patients diagnosed with adenocarcinoma with micropapillary component were included in this study. The clinicopathological features of patients with nodal upstage whose postoperative N stage was more advanced than the preoperative N stage were examined.

Results

Forty patients had nodal upstage after resection. 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) revealed that a maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) ≥5 for the primary lesion was significantly associated with postoperative nodal upstage. There were no significant differences in terms of sex, age, smoking history, surgical procedure, and diabetes. Among 38 patients with nodal upstage, 23 patients had no significant preoperative lymphadenopathy and showed no abnormal FDG uptake in the lymph nodes on 18F‐FDG‐PET‐CT, respectively.

Conclusions

Lymph node metastases were suspected in patients preoperatively diagnosed with micropapillary adenocarcinoma with FDG SUVmax ≥5 for the primary tumor. Therefore, standard surgical resection and careful lymph node dissection should be performed for such patients.
Postoperative dysnatremia in infants after open‐heart surgery occurs frequently and is associated with prolonged intensive care length of stay
Authors: Kronborg Jonas Rønne , Lindhardt Rasmus Bo , Vejlstrup Niels , Holst Line Marie , Juul Klaus , Smerup Morten Holdgaard , Gjedsted Jakob , Ravn Hanne Berg
Published: December 2021

Background

Dysnatremia after surgery for congenital heart disease (CHD) is well known and has been associated with prolonged pediatric intensive care unit length of stay (PICU‐LOS). Fluctuations in plasma sodium levels occur perioperatively. The primary aim of the study was to evaluate the occurrence of dysnatremia during the first 48 h after surgery and whether it was associated with PICU‐LOS. The secondary aim was to evaluate if the degree of sodium fluctuations was associated with PICU‐LOS.

Methods

A retrospective observational, single‐center study including infants undergoing surgery for CHD. The highest and lowest plasma sodium value was registered for the prespecified time periods. PICU‐LOS was analyzed in relation to the occurrence of dysnatremia and the degree of plasma sodium fluctuations. The occurrence of dysnatremia was evaluated in relation to surgical procedure and fluid administration.

Results

Two hundred and thirty infants who underwent 249 surgical procedures were included. Dysnatremia developed in more than 60% within 48 h after surgery. Infants with normonatremia had a 40%–50% shorter PICU‐LOS among children in RACHS‐1 category 3–6, compared with infants developing either hypo‐ or hyper‐/hyponatremia within 48 h after surgery (p = .006). Infants who had a decline of plasma sodium >11 mmol/L had almost double the PICU‐LOS compared to those with a decline of <8 mmol/L.

Conclusion

Dysnatremias were common after surgery for CHD and associated with prolonged PICU‐LOS. The degree of decline in plasma sodium was significantly associated with PICU‐LOS. Fluid administration both in terms of volume and components (blood products and crystalloids) as well as diuresis were related to the occurrence of dysnatremias.
A Matter of Wife and Death: Reflections on Music and Violence
Authors: Mundici Elena
Published: December 2021

Many authors have explored the connection between creativity and destructiveness, and from a psychodynamic perspective both creative and destructive acts carry a psychic significance. Forensic psychotherapy, notably in the work of Estela Welldon, has shown the importance of understanding the unconscious meaning of the violent act, which can be seen as a form of communication. Similarly to violence, the execution of a piece of music involves a synergy of physical, mental and affective functions, and an interaction of conscious and unconscious forces. Reflecting on her experience of working in prison, the author explores the relationship between music and violence. Describing her work with an inmate who had committed a violent offence, the author illustrates how the structured and formal language of music provided a rigorous yet flexible space where the prisoner's internal world and unconscious phantasies could begin to be confronted. In particular, the author discusses how split off aspects connected with the index offence emerged in the ambiguous language of music. Finally, the author illustrates how the progressive acquisition of music technique can be understood as the beginning of a process of symbolization and integration.
Neglected epiphytism: Accidental epiphytes dominate epiphytic communities on tree ferns in the Atlantic Forest
Authors: Machado Giesta Maria Olmedo , Grittz Guilherme Salgado , de Gasper André Luís
Published: December 2021

Vascular epiphytes and tree ferns constitute an important part of the Atlantic Forest structure. We characterized vascular epiphyte communities on two tree fern species (Alsophila setosa Kaulf. and Cyathea phalerata Mart.) including accidental epiphytes (i.e., species that are usually terrestrial, without necessarily completing their life cycle as an epiphyte), which have been overlooked in many previous studies. We aimed to understand epiphytism in terms of distribution, diversity, community composition, and host attributes that affect the richness and abundance of accidental epiphytes. Despite the great species richness of accidental epiphytes, they were—in contrast to true epiphytes—generally low in abundance and heavily represented by singletons and doubletons. We did not identify a difference in accidental epiphytic diversity and composition between host species, implying that both host species provide similar habitats for accidental epiphytes—although some epiphytic species showed a preference for a specific host species and/or stratum. Epiphyte richness and abundance were positively associated with a codependence of host surface area and moisture content, but only for accidental epiphytes. Our study illustrates the importance of two tree fern species as epiphyte hosts in the rainforest understory. It also shows that, although frequently overlooked, accidental epiphytism can be common in the understory of tropical forests and a phenomenon that merits further study in this region.

Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.
When friendships surpass parental relationships as predictors of long‐term outcomes: Adolescent relationship qualities and adult psychosocial functioning
Authors: Allen Joseph P. , Costello Meghan , Kansky Jessica , Loeb Emily L.
Published: December 2021

Perceptions of adolescent–parent and adolescent–peer relationship qualities, and adolescents’ attachment states of mind were examined as predictors of adult social and romantic relationship quality, depressive symptoms, and work performance. Adolescents (86 male, 98 female; 58% White, 29% African American, 8% mixed race/ethnicity, 5% other groups) were followed from age 13 to 24 via observational, self‐, parent‐, and close friend‐reports. Adolescent close friendship quality was a significantly better predictor of adult peer and romantic outcomes, work performance, and depressive symptoms than parental reports of the parent–teen relationship; attachment security was also a strong predictor of numerous outcomes. Results are interpreted as reflecting the difficulty for parents judging parent–teen relationship quality and as reflecting the growing importance of close friendships during this period.
Loss of long‐term benefit from VIM‐DBS in essential tremor: A secondary analysis of repeated measurements
Authors: Bai Yutong , Yin Zixiao , Diao Yu , Hu Tianqi , Yang Anchao , Meng Fangang , Zhang Jianguo
Published: December 2021

Aims

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) in the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim‐DBS) is the preferred surgical therapy for essential tremor (ET). Tolerance and disease progression are considered to be the two main reasons underlying the loss of long‐term efficacy of Vim‐DBS. This study aimed to explore whether Vim‐DBS shows long‐term loss of efficacy and to evaluate the reasons for this diminished efficacy from different aspects.

Methods

In a repeated‐measures meta‐analysis of 533 patients from 18 studies, Vim‐DBS efficacy was evaluated at ≤6 months, 7–12 months, 1–3 years, and ≥4 years. The primary outcomes were the score changes in different components of the Fahn‐Tolosa‐Marin Tremor Rating Scale (TRS; total score, motor score, hand‐function score, and activities of daily living [ADL] score). Secondary outcomes were the long‐term predictive factors.

Results

The TRS total, motor, and ADL scores showed significant deterioration with disease progression (p = 0.002, p = 0.047, and p < 0.001, respectively), while the TRS total (p < 0.001), hand‐function (p = 0.036), and ADL (p = 0.004) scores indicated a significant long‐term reduction in DBS efficacy, although the motor subscore indicated no loss of efficacy. Hand‐function (p < 0.001) and ADL (p = 0.028) scores indicated DBS tolerance, while the TRS total and motor scores did not. Stimulation frequency and preoperative score were predictive factors for long‐term results.

Conclusion

This study provides level 3a evidence that long‐term Vim‐DBS is effective in controlling motor symptoms without waning benefits. The efficacy reduction for hand function was caused by DBS tolerance, while that for ADL was caused by DBS tolerance and disease progression. More attention should be given to actual functional recovery rather than changes in motor scores in patients with ET.
Patients' perspectives on quality of care for chronic hand eczema: A qualitative study
Authors: Sloot Manon M. , Loman Laura , Romeijn Geertruida L. E. , Rosenberg Fieke M. , Arents Bernd W. M. , Schuttelaar Marie L. A.
Published: December 2021

Background

Hand eczema (HE) has a significant impact on patients’ quality of life and work‐related activities. However, little is known about the patients' perspectives on quality of care for HE.

Objectives

To evaluate the patient perspective of the HE care process in a tertiary referral center.

Methods

Qualitative, semi‐structured focus groups were carried out, recorded, transcribed, and analysed using an inductive‐deductive thematic approach.

Results

Fifteen patients participated in four focus groups. Time and attention, together with being listened to and understood by the health care professional, were the most important aspects of care for HE mentioned by participants. Other aspects of care that were regarded as important were that diagnoses, causes and follow‐up of HE were not always clear to the participant; more psychosocial support was needed, and that participants experienced frequent changes in doctors. Information provided by nurses was valuable, but more individualized advice was needed.

Conclusions

To better meet the needs of patients, more explanation should be given about the causes of HE and the final diagnosis. Besides focusing on the treatment, it is also important to focus on its impact on the patient and options for psychosocial and peer support should be discussed. Furthermore, the beneficial role of the specialized nurse as part of integrated care was emphasized.
Fasting C‐peptide values among adolescents in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys
Authors: Soni Priya Y. , Wang Yumin , Eckert George J. , Ismail Heba M.
Published: December 2021

Aim

To report fasting C‐peptide values and variations across demographics in healthy non‐diabetic adolescents included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) dataset.

Research Design and Methods

In this analysis, we used fasting C‐peptide data from the 1999 to 2004 NHANES dataset for participants aged 12 to <18 years (n = 2063).

Results

The mean ± SE age of the participants was 14.99 ± 0.06 years. The participants included 992 girls and 1071 boys, and more than 80% of participants had a body mass index (BMI) percentile of <85%. Among boys, the most notable finding was the increase in geometric mean C‐peptide level from 0.51 nmol/L at age 12, to 0.65 nmol/L at age 15 years. Among girls, levels fluctuated around a geometric mean of 0.67 nmol/L. Girls had significantly higher mean log‐transformed C‐peptide concentrations than boys (P < 0.0001) after adjusting for age, race and BMI percentile category. After adjusting for age and BMI percentile category, non‐Hispanic Black boys and girls had significantly lower C‐peptide levels than non‐Hispanic White (P = 0.0026 and P = 0.0093) and Mexican American boys and girls (P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001), respectively. Despite these findings, both insulin and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance were greater in non‐Hispanic Black compared to non‐Hispanic White participants.

Conclusions

Here we describe fasting C‐peptide levels in a non‐diabetic adolescent population. These data provide crucial insight into evaluating racial differences in endogenous insulin release and clearance and will provide novel information which can be used in assessing residual β‐cell function and response to intervention therapy.
Long‐term safety and efficacy of imeglimin as monotherapy or in combination with existing antidiabetic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes (TIMES 2): A 52‐week, open‐label, multicentre phase 3 trial
Authors: Dubourg Julie , Fouqueray Pascale , Quinslot Damien , Grouin Jean‐Marie , Kaku Kohei
Published: December 2021

Aim

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of imeglimin for 52 weeks as monotherapy or combination therapy with existing antidiabetic agents in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.

Materials and Methods

TIMES 2 was a phase 3, pivotal, open‐label trial including patients with type 2 diabetes inadequately controlled despite diet/exercise or despite treatment with a single agent from one of several available classes of antidiabetic drugs along with diet/exercise. All patients received imeglimin 1000 mg twice‐daily orally for 52 weeks as monotherapy or combination therapy. The primary endpoint was safety (adverse events, laboratory results, ECG). The secondary endpoints were changes from baseline in HbA1c and fasting plasma glucose at week 52.

Results

A total of 714 patients received the following treatments: imeglimin monotherapy (n = 134), combination with an α‐glucosidase inhibitor (n = 64), biguanide (n = 64), dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor (DPP4‐I; n = 63), glinide (n = 64), glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist (GLP1‐RA; n = 70), sodium‐glucose co‐transporter‐2 inhibitor (n = 63), sulphonylurea (n = 127), or thiazolidinedione (n = 65). The percentage of patients experiencing at least one treatment emergent adverse event (TEAE) was 75.5%. Most of these events were mild or moderate in intensity. Serious TEAEs, none of them related to the study drug, occurred in 5.6% of all patients. No clinically significant changes in ECG, vital signs, physical examination, or laboratory tests were noted in any groups. At week 52, HbA1c decreased by 0.46% with imeglimin monotherapy, by 0.56%‐0.92% with imeglimin as oral combination therapy, and by 0.12% with injectable GLP1‐RA combination therapy. The greatest net HbA1c reduction (0.92%) occurred in patients receiving a DPP4‐I in combination with imeglimin.

Conclusions

Imeglimin provides well‐tolerated, long‐term safety and efficacy in both monotherapy and oral combination therapy in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes.
Cyclical variation in US government spending multipliers
Authors: Lyu Yifei , Noh Eul
Published: December 2021

To estimate state‐dependent US output multipliers of government spending, we build a Markov‐switching fiscal VAR assuming that the economy is subject to unobservable regime shifts. We combine variables in the VAR and external qualitative indicators to infer the regimes and find that they match well with the business cycle. To account for the possibility of regime shifts after a shock, we compute generalized impulse responses using a novel recursive method. We find the multipliers smaller than 1 in both regimes, but statistically larger in recessions than in expansions. We reconcile our results with the main findings in the previous studies.
Egg size is a good predictor of parental care behaviour among bony fishes
Authors: Iglesias‐Rios Ricardo , Lobón‐Cervià Javier , do Amaral Cesar Rogerio Leal , Garber Rogerio , Mazzoni Rosana
Published: December 2021

Parental care is a major feature in the evolution of life‐history traits and appears highly associated with the trade‐off between egg number and size. It has been a controversial issue in studies about reproductive strategy and is deemed to have evolved multiple times, both in aquatic and terrestrial taxa. To explore relationships between parental care and egg size, we examined 313 species of bony fishes, including 152 species with parental care and 161 species without parental care. We mapped parental care onto a maximum likelihood (ML) unrooted phylogeny and analysed egg size and numbers data set using a logistic regression. The phylogenetically controlled analyses revealed that parental care is dispersed along with the retrieved phylogeny and that at least four distinct lineages parallel evolved from non‐parental care lineages to parental care ones. The results of the logistic regression highlighted that egg size can be used as a good predictor of parental care and that there is a strong and consistent threshold in egg size transition between parental and non‐parental care fishes. We conclude that egg size predicts parental care in bony fish and that egg size distribution is polymodal within parental care species probably reflecting the variation in the amount of energy used for care. To advance the knowledge about the hypotheses raised in this study, it would be important to gather information about more species and their respective number and size of eggs and the presence/absence of parental care.
Directional turnover towards larger‐ranged plants over time and across habitats
Authors: Staude Ingmar R. , Pereira Henrique M. , Daskalova Gergana N. , Bernhardt‐Römermann Markus , Diekmann Martin , Pauli Harald , Van Calster Hans , Vellend Mark , Bjorkman Anne D. , Brunet Jörg , De Frenne Pieter , Hédl Radim , Jandt Ute , Lenoir Jonathan , Myers‐Smith Isla H. , Verheyen Kris , Wipf Sonja , Wulf Monika , Andrews Christopher , Barančok Peter , Barni Elena , Benito‐Alonso José‐Luis , Bennie Jonathan , Berki Imre , Blüml Volker , Chudomelová Markéta , Decocq Guillaume , Dick Jan , Dirnböck Thomas , Durak Tomasz , Eriksson Ove , Erschbamer Brigitta , Graae Bente Jessen , Heinken Thilo , Schei Fride Høistad , Jaroszewicz Bogdan , Kopecký Martin , Kudernatsch Thomas , Macek Martin , Malicki Marek , Máliš František , Michelsen Ottar , Naaf Tobias , Nagel Thomas A. , Newton Adrian C. , Nicklas Lena , Oddi Ludovica , Ortmann‐Ajkai Adrienne , Palaj Andrej , Petraglia Alessandro , Petřík Petr , Pielech Remigiusz , Porro Francesco , Puşcaş Mihai , Reczyńska Kamila , Rixen Christian , Schmidt Wolfgang , Standovár Tibor , Steinbauer Klaus , Świerkosz Krzysztof , Teleki Balázs , Theurillat Jean‐Paul , Turtureanu Pavel Dan , Ursu Tudor‐Mihai , Vanneste Thomas , Vergeer Philippine , Vild Ondřej , Villar Luis , Vittoz Pascal , Winkler Manuela , Baeten Lander
Published: December 2021

Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller‐ by larger‐ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient‐demanding species, with species from nutrient‐rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller‐ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community‐scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
Resistance and change in a High Arctic ecosystem, NW Greenland: Differential sensitivity of ecosystem metrics to 15 years of experimental warming and wetting
Authors: Jespersen Robert Gus , Leffler Alan Joshua , Väisänen Maria , Welker Jeffrey M.
Published: December 2021

Dramatic increases in air temperature and precipitation are occurring in the High Arctic (>70°N), yet few studies have characterized the long‐term responses of High Arctic ecosystems to the interactive effects of experimental warming and increased rain. Beginning in 2003, we applied a factorial summer warming and wetting experiment to a polar semidesert in northwest Greenland. In summer 2018, we assessed several metrics of ecosystem structure and function, including plant cover, greenness, ecosystem CO2 exchange, aboveground (leaf, stem) and belowground (litter, root, soil) carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) concentrations (%) and pools, as well as leaf and soil stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). Wetting induced the most pronounced changes in ecosystem structure, accelerating the expansion of Salix arctica cover by 370% and increasing aboveground C, N, and biomass pools by 94%–101% and root C, N, and biomass pools by 60%–122%, increases which coincided with enhanced net ecosystem CO2 uptake. Further, wetting combined with warming enhanced plot‐level greenness, whereas in isolation neither wetting nor warming had an effect. At the plant level, the effects of warming and wetting differed among species and included warming‐linked decreases in leaf N and δ15N in S. arctica, whereas leaf N and δ15N in Dryas integrifolia did not respond to the climate treatments. Finally, neither plant‐ nor plot‐level C and N allocation patterns nor soil C, N, δ13C, or δ15N concentrations changed in response to our manipulations, indicating that these ecosystem metrics may resist climate change, even in the longer term. In sum, our results highlight the importance of summer precipitation in regulating ecosystem structure and function in arid parts of the High Arctic, but they do not completely refute previous findings of resistance in some High Arctic ecosystem properties to climate change.
Improving ceramic additive manufacturing via machine learning‐enabled closed‐loop control
Authors: Zhang Zhaolong , Yang Zhaotong , Sisson Richard D. , Liang Jianyu
Published: December 2021

Advanced ceramic products are widely used in aerospace, automotive, electronic, laboratory equipment, and other industries. To achieve the geometric complexity and desirable properties that are difficult to obtain by conventional manufacturing methods, ceramic additive manufacturing (AM) methods have been studied intensively in recent years. However, the adaptive control with feedback is not currently implemented in any commercially available ceramic three‐dimensional printer. Robocasting is one of the most widely utilized constant‐volumetric‐flow AM processes for creating various ceramic materials at a low cost. This study employed robocasting as a model to implement an adaptive control with a feedback loop in the ceramic AM process. In this research, processing load that was proportional to the processing pressure, width of the print, and length of extrusion were selected to be representative of process signal, quality signal, and control parameter, respectively. First, a database of the load and extrusion length was established. An artificial neural network model was created using that established database. The data‐driven, closed‐loop control was integrated into the robocasting process. Finally, the improvement was validated by comparing the quality of the prints produced by both the closed‐loop process with the adaptive control and the open‐loop process without the adaptive control.
Water content in diet affects growth and timing of female first mating, but not coloration, in the admirable grasshopper (Syrbula admirabilis)
Authors: de la Hera Iván , Reichert Michael S.
Published: December 2021

Understanding how water limitation affects the performance of herbivorous insects is relevant in a context of worldwide alterations of rainfall regimes due to climate change. Apart from its influence on insect growth and development, water availability has also been considered a cue for color polyphenism in some species. This is the case of the grassland‐inhabiting admirable grasshopper (Syrbula admirabilis), for which water content in plant tissues, a potentially reliable cue to predict future vegetation conditions, has been proposed to determine the frequency of green–brown color morphs. We performed an experiment that manipulated water content of the diet (dry/wet treatment) in a group of individually monitored admirable grasshoppers to explore the effects on imago size, timing of female first mating, and coloration. Our results showed that grasshoppers in the wet treatment achieved larger sizes, and females mated comparatively earlier, than their counterparts in the dry treatment. We also found that hue (the dominant color) in imagines was significantly lower (browner) than in nymphs, but the magnitude of this color shift did not differ between treatments. This study supports the idea that water limitation has a negative impact on grasshopper growth and development, but rules out dietary water content as a cue for color polyphenism. This result encourages additional research to assess the actual contribution of environmental and genetic factors to color determination in admirable grasshoppers. Such information could help to better understand how color polymorphism is maintained in natural populations and to predict how it could evolve in a future in which environmental conditions will become more unpredictable.
Phase stability of pre‐irradiated CeO2 with swift heavy ions under high pressure up to 45 GPa
Authors: Lan Jianxiong , Zhai Pengfei , Nan Shuai , Xu Lijun , Niu Jingjing , Tian Cheng , Li Zongzhen , Li Weixing , Liu Jie , Ewing Rodney Charles
Published: December 2021

The effect of defects on the high‐pressure behavior of materials is fundamental to understanding and designing materials for extreme environments. Previous work has demonstrated that radiation damage can enhance phase stability or alter the transformation pathway. Here, we report the high‐pressure phase stability of CeO2 irradiated by swift heavy ions. CeO2 is of particular interest because it can be used as a non‐radioactive surrogate for UO2 and PuO2. High‐pressure Raman spectroscopy shows that low‐fluence ion irradiated CeO2 exhibits nearly the same high‐pressure behavior as unirradiated CeO2; whereas, after high‐fluence irradiation, the phase stability of CeO2 is significantly enhanced, with the critical phase transition pressure increased from 31.7 to 37.3 GPa and only about 7% high‐pressure phase transition fraction at 45.1 GPa. In comparison with the high‐pressure Raman results of pre‐irradiated CeO2 before and after 573, 1073, and 1 273 K annealing in air, we propose that large interstitial‐type defect clusters, such as dislocation loops formed in heavily‐irradiated CeO2, are predominately responsible for the increased phase stability at high pressures.
‘A Force for Good’: The Narrative Construction of Ethical EU–Vietnam Trade Relations
Authors: Nessel Camille , Verhaeghe Elke
Published: December 2021

Political representation of problems includes an aim to control an audience's impressions and create a societally‐acceptable social reality. This paper analyses the narrative construction of ethical trade between the European Union (EU) and Vietnam. As an undemocratic Other, Vietnam has been sharply criticized for its human rights record by civil society and Members of European Parliament. Yet, the EU recently concluded two trade agreements with Vietnam. We argue that, unchallenged by the European Parliament, the European Commission created a performative 'story of change' for its European audience by simultaneously appealing to underlying 'neoliberal' and 'development' paradigms. In this narrative, the EU and Vietnam star as the main characters, who, in their joint attempts to make bilateral trade 'a force for good', live moments of heroism, encounter fleeting instances of victimhood, and defeat villains on the path to ethical trade.
Development of gestational diabetes mellitus in women with periodontitis in early pregnancy: A population‐based clinical study
Authors: Liu Fen , Sui Wen , Zhou Zhi‐Fei , Mi Yang , He Tong‐Qiang , Li Zhi‐Bin , Hong Yong‐Long , Chen Fa‐Ming
Published: December 2021

Aim

This study aimed to determine whether periodontitis in early pregnancy and periodontal therapy during gestation affect the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) through a population‐based clinical study.

Materials and methods

Subjects without periodontitis at 1–4 weeks of gestation who met our inclusion criteria were enrolled in the non‐periodontitis group. Periodontitis patients who agreed or refused to receive periodontal therapy during pregnancy were separately enrolled in the periodontitis treated or untreated group. At 12–16 weeks of gestation, gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and venous blood were collected for analyses of bacterial species and serum inflammatory mediators, respectively. At 24–28 weeks of gestation, GDM patients were identified by oral glucose tolerance tests. The association tests were performed using Chi‐squared statistics and regression analyses.

Results

The complete data of 3523 pregnant women were recorded during the study period. GDM incidence among the untreated periodontitis participants (84/749, 11.21%) was significantly higher than that among the non‐periodontitis participants (108/2255, 4.79%) (p < .05), and periodontal treatment during gestation reduced the incidence from 11.21% (untreated group) to 7.32% (38/519, treated group) (p < .05). Based on multiple logistic regression analyses, it was found that periodontitis in early pregnancy was associated with GDM, and three‐step regression analyses showed that Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and the serum TNF‐α and IL‐8 levels played a role in the association between untreated periodontitis and GDM. Furthermore, Pearson's correlation test indicated that the existence of P. gingivalis in GCF was positively correlated with high serum levels of these two inflammatory mediators.

Conclusions

This study establishes a connection between periodontitis in early pregnancy and GDM and demonstrates that the presence of P. gingivalis is associated with high levels of inflammatory mediators in serum, and thereby may contribute to the development of GDM. In‐depth mechanistic studies are needed to further support these findings.
Replacement of an existing maxillary anterior fixed dental prosthesis, redo another fixed dental prosthesis, or convert to implants
Authors: Spear Frank
Published: December 2021

Objective

The purpose of this article is to discuss the considerations that need to be evaluated when considering the replacement of an existing maxillary anterior fixed dental prosthesis (FDP) with another FDP, or when to consider converting to implants and individual crowns on the previous abutment teeth.

Overview

The need to replace unesthetic or failing maxillary anterior FDPs is something all restorative dentists will be faced with multiple times in their careers. Given the emphasis over the past few decades on utilizing implants for tooth replacement as opposed to a tooth supported FDP, the question becomes when is converting the existing FDP to implants and single crowns an appropriate choice, as opposed to redoing a new FDP. This article will focus on the risks of choosing to convert to an implant solution, and the risks of redoing the tooth supported FDP. Multiple systematic reviews on each approach will be used to aid in the decision process. The most significant risks for both approaches will be identified, and a chart of the key parameters to assess will be presented, along with their impact.

Conclusions

The statistical outcomes at 5 and 10 years of tooth supported FDPs, and Implant based restorations are very similar if certain clinical parameters are met, namely vital healthy abutment teeth for the FDP, and adequate bone and soft tissue for the implant‐based restoration. If one abutment tooth is compromised the long‐term prognosis drops significantly and converting to an implant‐based restoration may be more predictable. Similarly, if adequate bone and soft tissue cannot be obtained through surgical augmentation procedures, using a connective tissue graft for the ridge, and redoing the FDP may obtain a more acceptable esthetic result.

Clinical Significance

A significant number of maxillary anterior FDPs exist that will need replacement in the future. Given the desire of many dentists to utilize implants when possible, there can be a tendency to automatically treatment plan an implant‐based approach for replacement of the existing FDP. Certainly, most clinicians would favor an implant‐based tooth replacement rather than preparing unrestored teeth to place an FDP, but when an existing FDP exists, the teeth have already been prepared for full coverage in most instances. In addition, for most long term existing FDPs, there is a significant change in the vertical and horizontal dimension of the bone and soft tissue that can make getting an acceptable esthetic result with an implant challenging. This article provides a systematic approach to identifying when redoing the FDP may be preferable, or when converting to an implant‐based approach is a better choice.
Development and application of TaqMan probe‐based quantitative PCR assays for the detection of tilapia parvovirus
Authors: Yamkasem Jidapa , Tattiyapong Puntanat , Surachetpong Win
Published: December 2021

Tilapia parvovirus (TiPV) is a novel parvovirus associated with high mortality in Nile tilapia and red hybrid tilapia, leading to severe economic losses for tilapia aquaculture. It is critical to develop a sensitive and accurate assay to detect TiPV in fish tissues. In this study, new TaqMan probe‐based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays targeting the non‐structural (NS) and viral protein (VP) genes of TiPV were developed. The standard curves of the assays were 95.64%–98.96% over a wide linear range of 109–101 copies of the corresponding standard DNA per reaction. The intra‐ and inter‐assay coefficients of variation were in the ranges 0.54%–2.50% and 0.13%–1.17%, respectively, which suggests good repeatability and reproducibility. The detection limit of the TaqMan TiPV assays was 10 copies/µl. The application of the TaqMan qPCR assays to field samples revealed that they had comparable sensitivity to a previously developed SYBR Green qPCR, but more sensitive than the conventional PCR. No cross‐reactivity of the TaqMan TiPV assays was found with the samples infected with other viruses and bacteria. Overall, the assays offered high sensitivity and specificity in the detection of low concentrations of TiPV DNA in infected tilapia samples. These new TaqMan qPCR assays could provide a valuable diagnostic tool for the reliable and specific detection of TiPV in experimental and field samples.
Morphological abnormalities in seven American round ray specimens: A review of America's batomorph anomalies
Authors: Ehemann Nicolás Roberto , García‐Rodríguez Francisco Javier , De La Cruz‐Agüero José
Published: December 2021

Although morphological abnormalities in several rays and skate species around the American continents have frequently mentioned, their numbers are unknown. The present work record morphological abnormalities in four Urotrygonidae species. Two anophthalmic specimens were detected (Urotrygon microphthalmum andUrobatis halleri). Two individuals lacked caudal fins (Urobatis maculatusandUrotrygon chilensis). Two round rays showed incomplete fusion of the pectoral fin to the head (U. microphthalmumandU. chilensis). Vertebral compression and fusion were found in a 6‐year‐old femaleUrotrygon rogersi. In addition, 118 abnormal batomorph specimens were gathered from the available bibliography, spanning the last six decades (1959–2021).Amblyraja doellojuradoiwas the species with the highest number of abnormalities (18). The most common anomaly was an incomplete fusion of the pectoral fin with the head. Since 2010, at least 30 anomalous batomorphs have been recorded every 5 years. Sixty‐nine abnormal specimens occurred in the Northern Hemisphere (1.00–60.00 N). The Cortezian (Pacific) and Southeastern Brazil (Atlantic) marine ecoregions stood out with the highest number of these specimens. Mexico recorded 58 anomalous specimens, followed by Brazil (n = 36). Biological, abiotic and anthropogenic factors are probably the leading causes. However, additional studies are necessary to elucidate these speculations.
Factors associated with depression and anxiety among caregivers of patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Li Sitong , Li Qifan , Jiang Chao , Chen Xuan , Lai Yiwei , He Liu , Cui Feihuan , Wu Jiahui , Hu Rong , Jia Changqi , Feng Li , Sang Caihua , Tang Ribo , Long Deyong , Du Xin , Dong Jianzeng , Ma Changsheng
Published: December 2021

Aims and objectives

To assess the prevalence and associated factors of depression and anxiety among caregivers of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Background

Depression and anxiety are common in caregivers of patients with cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure and coronary artery disease. However, studies about depression and anxiety among caregivers of patients with atrial fibrillation are limited.

Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Methods

We enrolled 465 dyads of patients with atrial fibrillation and their primary family caregivers from Beijing Anzhen Hospital between September 2020 and March 2021. The patient–caregiver dyads were excluded if primary family caregivers had previous mental disorders before the patient diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Depression and anxiety of patients and caregivers were measured by Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 scale. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess factors associated with depression and anxiety of caregivers. STROBE guidelines were followed to report this study.

Results

The prevalence of caregiver depression (Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 score ≥5) and anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 score ≥5) was 14.0% and 13.5% respectively. Caregiver number of comorbidities ≥2 and patient depression were significantly associated with caregiver depression. Caregiver age ≥65 years, caregiver female sex and patient anxiety were predictors of caregiver anxiety.

Conclusions

Depression and anxiety are common in caregivers of patients with AF. Better management of caregiver mental problems and associated factors may benefit both patients and caregivers.

Relevance to clinical practice

Clinicians and nurses should pay more attention to depression and anxiety in caregivers of patients with atrial fibrillation, and provide support to caregivers in most need.
One talk at a time: Developing an ethnic‐racial socialization intervention for Black, Latinx, and Asian American families
Authors: Stein Gabriela Livas , Coard Stephanie Irby , Gonzalez Laura M. , Kiang Lisa , Sircar Joseph K.
Published: December 2021

Ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) can promote positive outcomes in minoritized youth, but parents often face challenges in effectively engaging in these conversations. We describe the development of a video‐based online parent intervention program aimed at improving parental motivation, efficacy, and skills in having ERS conversations. The program focuses on balancing cultural socialization and preparation for bias messages and integrates themes of coping with future discrimination with the goal of promoting adjustment in youth. The video‐based program (One Talk at A Time: OTAAT) consists of 11 short videos designed to bolster parental efficacy and skills via motivational, didactic modules, and social modeling. We describe our intervention (specifically designed for Black, Latinx, and Asian American families), a sample of parents (N = 15) who interfaced with the intervention, and preliminary evidence of its impact via a pre‐post design and program evaluation interviews. Discussion centers on implications of our approach for future prevention efforts.
#BlackGirlMagic: Using multiple data sources to learn about Black adolescent girls’ identities, intersectionality, and media socialization
Authors: Rogers Leoandra Onnie , Butler Barnes Sheretta , Sahaguian Lily , Padilla Dayanara , Minor Imani
Published: December 2021

A robust literature shows that (parental) ethnic‐racial socialization (ERS) influences Black youths’ identity development. Other sources of socialization, like media, are acknowledged but scarcely represented in empirical studies. In this study, we conceptualize #BlackGirlMagic (#BGM), a social media hashtag, as a media‐based ERS message and examine its association with identity outcomes among Black adolescent girls (N = 63; Mage = 16.17). Analyzing qualitative and quantitative data, we show that Black girls interpret #BGM as a message of: (a) Affirmation; (b) Societal Oppression; (c) Collectiveness; and (d) Being Seen/Heard. Furthermore, girls’ interpretations of #BGM were significantly associated with racial identity measures and the content of their racial and gender identity interviews. Implications for socialization and identity research and the study of Black girls’ development are discussed.
Effects of genotype, parity, season and their interactions on milk yield in crossbred dairy cattle
Authors: Barua Karabi , Akter Nasima , Alam Mahabub , Bari Md. Saiful , Sultan Md. Nahid , Islam Shilpi , Hossain Md. Emran
Published: December 2021

The crossbred dairy cattle (CDC) have been gaining popularity in the tropical countries for their increased milk yield within a short period of time because of heterogenic additive gene action. Hence, we aimed to investigate whether genotype, parity, season and their interactions had any effect on average daily milk yield (ADMY) of the CDC in a dairy farm at Chattogram district, Bangladesh, for a period of 3 years from January 2016 to December 2019. Total 16,425 retrospective lactation records of 150 multiparous Sahiwal × Friesian1 (Sahiwal = 50%, HF = 50%), Local × Friesian1 (Local = 50%, HF = 50%) and Local × Friesian2 (Local = 25%, HF = 75%) CDC from the first to the third parities (50 for each parity) were collected from the farm records. The generalized linear model and principal component analysis identified substantial impacts of genotype, parity, season and their interactions on ADMY of the CDC. The herd level least squared ADMY was 11.22 ± 0.04 kg/days on a 305‐days typical lactation period. The Sahiwal × Friesian1 CDC produced 7.2% and 5.5% more milk than the Local × Friesian1 and Local × Friesian2 respectively. The CDC produced maximum milk in the second parity, which was 7.8% and 0.34% more than the first and third parities. Similarly, the highest ADMY was recorded in the spring, which was 10.8%, 7.3% and 6.6% more than the fall, summer and winter respectively. It was concluded that the Sahiwal × Friesian1 crossbred produced maximum milk in the spring season at the second parity while other determinants remained constant. The changing patterns of milk yield in different genotype, parity and seasons provided scientific evidence for improving feeding strategy to optimize herd level milk yield of CDC in the commercial dairy farms under tropical perspective.
Psychological Resilience After Cancer via Religion/Spirituality: Spiritual Capital Through a Life Course Lens
Authors: Upenieks Laura
Published: December 2021

Religious beliefs and practices are thought to help people confront problems that push the limits of human life. Integrating the life course perspective, we assess whether the accumulation of religiosity (“spiritual capital”) between childhood and adulthood had any bearing on its ability to cushion the mental health insults of a cancer diagnosis, factoring in age‐at‐diagnosis. Using two waves of data from National Survey of Midlife Development in the United States (N = 1431), results suggest that stable high religious importance between childhood and adulthood weakened the deleterious mental health consequences of a cancer diagnosis. For individuals under the age of 45, the relationship between a cancer diagnosis and psychological distress was considerably weaker for those reporting stably high or increasing religious importance between childhood and adulthood. We discuss the implications of our results for research at the intersection religion and the life course perspective.
Improvements of dried noodles qualities using two‐stage resting: Explanation from macro and micro perspectives
Authors: Li Xue , Qi Yajing , Hassane Hamadou Alkassoumi , Zhang Jiyao , Guo Qin , Xu Bin
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to elucidate the effects of two‐stage resting (dough crumbs and dough sheets resting) on the quality of dried noodles. An improvement mechanism was explored according to the texture of dough sheets, gluten network, and microstructure of cooked noodles. After two‐stage resting, the extensibility of dough sheets, the contents of glutenin macro polymer (GMP), and disulfide bonds (S‐S) increased significantly (p < .05), whereas the content of sulphydryl group (‐SH) significantly declined. From the perspective of microstructure, the average length and width of dough sheets protein experienced a significant reduction (p < .05); however, the branching rate, the number of protein lines, and the total length of the protein lines significantly increased (p < .05). Furthermore, the average network line length and width of cooked noodles were significantly reduced as the branching rate rose (p < .05); meanwhile, the number of holes significantly increased while the average area significantly decreased (p < .05). Overall, the two‐stage resting has improved the quality of dried noodles and contributed to a more uniform and compact gluten network distribution.