bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Year’s Resolutions, Career Outlook, and Personality: An Investigation of Library Employees’ Goal Setting Behaviors
Authors: Anderson Amelia , Lo Leo
Published: September 2022

Many organizations use goal setting as a professional tool to get employees to achieve gains within the workplace. Many librarians in the United States participate in setting New Year’s resolutions as part of their personal goal-setting behavior. As studies indicate correlations between personal goal-setting behaviors, performance and attitude in professional roles, the researchers posit that learning how library employees set and achieve New Year’s resolutions could provide insight into how organizations can improve employee goal setting. An online survey was conducted in 2016 with 512 respondents. Results showed that respondents who self-reported as ambitious tend to be more successful in achieving their goals. Furthermore, ambitious respondents utilized goal-setting best practices more than less ambitious respondents. Respondents with a less clear sense of purpose in life tended to put in less effort or gave up more often than those with a clearer sense of purpose.
Emotional Intelligence, Emotional Culture, and Library Leadership
Authors: Martin Jason
Published: September 2022

This article discusses the importance of emotional intelligence and emotional culture, provides an overview of emotional intelligence and each of its components, explores ways library leaders can develop each emotional intelligence component, and describes ways library leaders can use emotional intelligence to influence a library's emotional culture.
New and Noteworthy: Back to the Basics - Recent Titles on Getting Started as a Library Manager
Authors: Bartlett Jennifer A.
Published: September 2022

This issue's New and Noteworthy column review four recent titles on getting started in library leadership and management.
The influence of nutrition and exercise on untreated subclinical hypothyroidism: A systematic review
Authors: Hanke L , Wedde L , Geisler S , Diel P , Isenmann E
Published: September 2022

Problems: Hypothyroidism is associated with increased cardiovascular events and a reduced quality of life. The goal of this systematic review is to identify additive treatment strategies besides hormone replacement through diet and exercise intervention and to point out research gaps. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and SportDiscus) using defined MeSH words by two independent researchers. Literature from year 1990 onwards was considered. Results: To investigate the effects of diet and exercise on thyroid function, three randomized controlled trials and one comparative study with a total of 356 subjects (nutrition) and four randomized controlled trials with a total of 189 subjects (exercise) are identified. The nutrition-related studies show that nutritional interventions can reduce perceived symptoms in subclinical hypothyroidism. An effect on thyroid hormone serum levels has been demonstrated by an intake of selenium and phytoestrogens. Exercise-related studies show improvement in quality of life and symptoms through exercise in subclinical hypothyroidism. Changes in thyroid hormone serum levels could not be shown. Discussion: Due to the heterogeneous parameters recorded in the included studies, no clear conclusion can be drawn. Nevertheless, first findings show that nutrition and exercise have an effect on the symptoms of hypothyroidism. Both measures can reduce the development of comorbidities in subclinical hypothyroidism and improve quality of life. Studies combining both dietary intervention and exercise have not yet been conducted. Key Words: Endocrine disorders, Thyroid Hormones, Diet, Physical Activity, Quality of Life
Cardiopulmonary exercise testing – methodological aspects
Authors: Winkert K , Kirsten J
Published: September 2022

Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) allows for a non-invasive assessment of the integrative response of the pulmonary, cardiovascular, and skeletal muscle system during exercise. Therefore CPET in sports medicine covers a wide spectrum, ranging from diagnosis of disease, preoperative assessment, to athlete monitoring. High standards of reliability and validity are needed to ensure high-quality and diagnostically conclusive CPET data, necessitating a systematic process of quality assurance and control in the daily application of CPET. Therefore, methodological aspects such as CPET equipment principles, calibration, verification, maintenance, preparation, and plausibility checks need to be considered. As inter-technology, inter-device, and inter-unit differences in reliability and validity are reported for automated metabolic analyzers, the choice of the appropriate device should follow the purpose of use and comprehensible data on reliability and validity. To ensure high-quality measurements, careful calibration, and verification of all sensors, the integrated overall measurement performance, and maintenance of all equipment need to be performed and monitored longitudinally. Further, standardized ambient conditions, with adequate circulation and exchange of room air are essential. As the choice of the ergometer and protocol influences various target values in CPET, appropriateness for the selected diagnostic objective as well as a corresponding standardization is needed. While patients should receive pretest information that clearly outlines the test procedure, the correct attachment of the CPET equipment is of utmost importance. To detect and correct malfunctions of the metabolic analyzer and equipment, plausibility checks of the outcome measures validity should be performed during the resting, unloaded, loaded, and recovery test phase. A basic plausibility check should include adequate rest values and increases for a given workload rate of minute ventilation ( ˙VE), oxygen consumption ( ˙VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (RER), using rules of thumb by Rühle. Before the final data interpretation is performed, e.g. ventilatory threshold or maximum oxygen consumption (˙VO2max) or ˙VO2peak determination, again a plausibility check should be performed and the patient‘s effort whether or not maximal should be determined. Consequently, a standard operating procedure for quality assurance and control, including an intuitive data visualization with thresholds for “pass”, “fail” or outliers and trends of concerns should be specifically defined, taught, and implemented in each facility. Key Words: CPET, Exercise Testing, Physical Fitness
Apresentação
Authors: Araújo Maria Paula Nascimento , Silva Izabel Pimentel da
Published: September 2022

Apresentação do Dossiê: Sensibilidades e História do Tempo Presente
A Velha (da) História: infância e ditadura na Corda Bamba (Lygia Bojunga, 1979)
Authors: Tomelin Junior Nelson , Peixoto Maria do Rosário da Cunha , Miranda Vanessa
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo, procuramos refletir sobre relações de experiência e dominação no livro Corda Bamba de Lygia Bojunga, publicado em 1979. Com enredo que acompanha as contradições do lento processo de se forjar da infância e das sensibilidades, a autora evidencia dimensões importantes da luta política na sociedade de classes carioca, destacando limites e obstáculos demarcados por sutis contrapoderes sociais. O circo, mundo de possibilidades, aparece nesse romance como espaço de novidades, em contraposição às repetições dominantes do mundo dos poderosos, especialmente ameaçador para quem conta histórias naqueles anos de ditadura civil-militar (1964-1985). O futuro é elemento articulador de esperanças nessa literatura: as maldades sofridas pela Velha da História são redimidas pela aposta corajosa que a menina Maria faz em suas próprias memórias.
A identidade ‘sitiada’: a Comissão Nacional da Verdade na revista do Clube Militar
Authors: Oliveira Sonale Diane Pastro de
Published: September 2022

Com a criação da Comissão Nacional da Verdade, em 2011, o Brasil avançou na busca pela superação do legado da Ditadura Civil-Militar. Entretanto, os traumas vividos no período ainda são fontes de tensão, particularmente no que tange à memória e à identidade dos protagonistas desse conturbado período da História nacional. Nossa proposta é, partindo de referencial teórico acerca de memória, identidade e poder, analisar a reação dos militares – pautados pela perspectiva memorialista presente nos textos publicados pela Revista do Clube Militar – em defesa da identidade castrense, supostamente ameaçada pelo trabalho da referida Comissão.
Narrar para testimoniar el presente: cartas de niños y niñas de Santiago de Chile durante el estallido social de octubre de 2019
Authors: Palma Flores Evelyn , Reyes Andreani Maria José , Albornoz Muñoz Natalia
Published: September 2022

El trabajo analiza la voz de los niños y las niñas al testimoniar acontecimientos conflictivos de la historia reciente. Tras el estallido social chileno de inicio el 18 de octubre de 2019 se realizó una experiencia de escritura de cartas con 46 estudiantes entre 11 y 14 años en dos escuelas primarias de la ciudad de Santiago de Chile. Los principales hallazgos de la actividad señalan que niños y niñas se expresan como voces autorizadas para narrar el acontecimiento que irrumpió en la sociedad, expresan evaluaciones éticas sobre lo acontecido comprendiendo hechos a través de situaciones contingentes y estructurales. Algunos/as estudiantes articulan los hechos del presente (las demandas sociales, las violaciones a los Derechos Humanos) con la herencia de la dictadura cívico militar (1973-1990) señalando similitudes entre ambos sucesos. Estos hallazgos permiten afirmar que los niños y niñas son voces valiosas para testimoniar la historia del presente en el marco de un dispositivo pedagógico.
Palabras clave: protagonismo infantil; historia del presente; testimonio del presente; cartas.
Et styrket nordisk samarbejde om distancearbejde og multilokalitet
Authors: Ormstrup Vestergård Louise
Published: September 2022

Meget tyder på, at et øget niveau af distancearbejde er kommet for at blive, i det mindste i en eller anden form, i kølvandet på COVID-19 pandemien. Men de langsigtede konsekvenser af dette for nordiske kommuner og regioner er langt fra tydelige. Denne policy brief opsummerer de første resultater af projektet 'Remote work – Effects on Nordic people, places and planning 2021-2024' og leverer anbefalinger designet til at styrke tværnordisk læring og samarbejde indenfor dette emne.
Las Mutualidades de Previsión Social: disección histórica, régimen jurídico y su adaptación a Solvencia II
Authors: San Onofre Fernández Salvador
Published: September 2022

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad analizar las Mutualidades de Previsión Social (en adelante, también “Montepíos”, “Mutualidades” o “MPS”, indistintamente) de ámbito nacional, desde su pronta aparición como instrumento de previsión social a través de las llamadas asociaciones de socorro hasta nuestros días, pasando por su régimen jurídico, la influencia que ha tenido sobre ellas la distinta normativa –sobre todo la relativa a Solvencia II–, y el impacto que determinadas circunstancias acontecidas en los años 2019 y 2020 tuvo sobre estas entidades aseguradoras de base mutual.
Uma educadora republicana: a face desconhecida de Maria Lacerda de Moura
Authors: Guimarães Paula Cristina David
Published: September 2022

Este livro apresenta a face desconhecida de Maria Lacerda de Moura: a de professora republicana. No contexto da Barbacena do início do século XX, é apresentada a professora que iniciou sua carreira na Escola Normal da cidade, lugar onde mobilizou discursos, publicações e ações para validar a educação como condição primordial para a efetivação da república brasileira. Também é apresentada a reformadora social, que desafiou a sociedade patriarcal de seu tempo ao se colocar como intelectual e pesquisadora da educação, espaços pouco autorizados à mulher naquele período. Amparada na racionalidade científica e em redes de sociabilidade, Maria Lacerda se colocou como pioneira na escrita de um projeto de estudo científico da infância, materializando o desejo de implementar a escola graduada, considerada a única organização possível para a efetiva educação de uma maior parte da população. Sua postura feminista, contudo, não deixou de gerar desconfianças sobre sua atuação, que foi alvo de cerceamento pelo governo do estado.
Contribution of Trp63CreERT2-labeled cells to alveolar regeneration is independent of tuft cells
Authors: Huang Huachao , Fang Yinshan , Jiang Ming , Zhang Yihan , Biermann Jana , Melms Johannes C , Danielsson Jennifer A , Yang Ying , Qiang Li , Liu Jia , Zhou Yiwu , Wang Manli , Hu Zhihong , Wang Timothy C , Saqi Anjali , Sun Jie , Matsumoto Ichiro , Cardoso Wellington V , Emala Charles W , Zhu Jian , Izar Benjamin , Mou Hongmei , Que Jianwen
Published: September 2022

Viral infection often causes severe damage to the lungs, leading to the appearance of ectopic basal cells (EBCs) and tuft cells in the lung parenchyma. Thus far, the roles of these ectopic epithelial cells in alveolar regeneration remain controversial. Here, we confirm that the ectopic tuft cells are originated from EBCs in mouse models and COVID-19 lungs. The differentiation of tuft cells from EBCs is promoted by Wnt inhibition while suppressed by Notch inhibition. Although progenitor functions have been suggested in other organs, pulmonary tuft cells don’t proliferate or give rise to other cell lineages. Consistent with previous reports, Trp63CreERT2 and KRT5-CreERT2-labeled ectopic EBCs do not exhibit alveolar regeneration potential. Intriguingly, when tamoxifen was administrated post-viral infection, Trp63CreERT2 but not KRT5-CreERT2 labels islands of alveolar epithelial cells that are negative for EBC biomarkers. Furthermore, germline deletion of Trpm5 significantly increases the contribution of Trp63CreERT2-labeled cells to the alveolar epithelium. Although Trpm5 is known to regulate tuft cell development, complete ablation of tuft cell production fails to improve alveolar regeneration in Pou2f3-/- mice, implying that Trpm5 promotes alveolar epithelial regeneration through a mechanism independent of tuft cells.
Association between EPHA5 methylation status in peripheral blood leukocytes and the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer
Authors: Han Xu , Liu Tianyu , Zhai Jiabao , Liu Chang , Wang Wanyu , Nie Chuang , Wang Qi , Zhu Xiaojie , Zhou Haibo , Tian Wenjing
Published: September 2022

Purpose

Altered DNA methylation, genetic alterations, and environmental factors are involved in tumorigenesis. As a tumor suppressor gene, abnormal EPHA5 methylation was found in gastric cancer (GC) tissues and was linked to the initiation, progression and prognosis of GC. In this study, the EPHA5 methylation level in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) was detected to explore its relationship with GC risk and prognosis.

Methods

A total of 366 GC cases and 374 controls were selected as the subjects of this study to collect their environmental factors, and the EPHA5 methylation status was detected through the methylation-sensitive high-resolution melting method. Logistic regression analysis was utilized to evaluate the associations among EPHA5 methylation, environmental factors and GC risk. Meanwhile, the propensity score (PS) was used to adjust the imbalance of some independent variables.

Results

After PS adjustment, EPHA5 Pm (positive methylation) was more likely to increase the GC risk than EPHA5 Nm (negative methylation) (ORb = 1.827, 95% CI [1.202–2.777], P = 0.005). EPHA5 Pm had a more significant association with GC risk in the elderly (ORa = 2.785, 95% CI [1.563–4.961], P = 0.001) and H. pylori-negative groups (ORa = 2.758, 95% CI [1.369–5.555], P = 0.005). Moreover, the combined effects of EPHA5 Pm and H. pylori infection (ORca = 3.543, 95% CI [2.233–5.621], P < 0.001), consumption of alcohol (ORca = 2.893, 95% CI [1.844–4.539], P < 0.001), and salty food intake (ORca = 4.018, 95% CI [2.538–6.362], P < 0.001) on increasing the GC risk were observed. In addition, no convincing association was found between EPHA5 Pm and the GC prognosis.

Conclusions

EPHA5 methylation in PBLs and its combined effects with environmental risk factors are related to the GC risk.
Exploring the trends of adaptation and evolution of sclerites with regards to habitat depth in sea pens
Authors: Kushida Yuka , Imahara Yukimitsu , Wee Hin Boo , Fernandez-Silva Iria , Fromont Jane , Gomez Oliver , Wilson Nerida , Kimura Taeko , Tsuchida Shinji , Fujiwara Yoshihiro , Higashiji Takuo , Nakano Hiroaki , Kohtsuka Hisanori , Iguchi Akira , Reimer James Davis
Published: September 2022

Octocorals possess sclerites, small elements comprised of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) that are important diagnostic characters in octocoral taxonomy. Among octocorals, sea pens comprise a unique order (Pennatulacea) that live in a wide range of depths. Habitat depth is considered to be important in the diversification of octocoral species, but a lack of information on sea pens has limited studies on their adaptation and evolution across depth. Here, we aimed to reveal trends of adaptation and evolution of sclerite shapes in sea pens with regards to habitat depthviaphylogenetic analyses and ancestral reconstruction analyses. Colony form of sea pens is suggested to have undergone convergent evolution and the loss of axis has occurred independently across the evolution of sea pens. Divergences of sea pen taxa and of sclerite forms are suggested to depend on habitat depths. In addition, their sclerite forms may be related to evolutionary history of the sclerite and the surrounding chemical environment as well as water temperature. Three-flanged sclerites may possess the tolerance towards the environment of the deep sea, while plate sclerites are suggested to be adapted towards shallower waters, and have evolved independently multiple times. The common ancestor form of sea pens was predicted to be deep-sea and similar to family Pseudumbellulidae in form, possessing sclerites intermediate in form to those of alcyonaceans and modern sea pens such as spindles, rods with spines, and three-flanged sclerites with serrated edges sclerites, as well as having an axis and bilateral traits.
Trans-Arctic vicariance in Strongylocentrotus sea urchins
Authors: Addison Jason A. , Kim Jinhong
Published: September 2022

The sea urchins Strongylocentotus pallidus and S. droebachiensis first invaded the Atlantic Ocean from the Pacific following the opening of the Bering seaway in the late Miocene. While trans-Arctic dispersal during the Pleistocene is thought to have maintained species’ integrity, a recent genomic analysis identified a reproductively isolated cryptic species within S. droebachiensis. Based on previous studies, the distribution of one of these lineages (S. droebachiensis W) includes the shallow water habitats of the northwest Atlantic and Pacific, while the other (S. droebachiensis E) is found throughout the shallow habitat in the northeast but is mostly restricted to deep habitats (>65 m) in the northwest Atlantic. However, since genetic variation within S. droebachiensis has been largely unstudied in the north Pacific and Arctic oceans, the biogeography of the cryptic species is not well known, and it is difficult to identify the mechanisms driving population subdivision and speciation. Here we use population genetic analyses to characterize the distribution of each species, and to test hypotheses about the role of vicariance in the evolution of systematic and genomic divergence within the genus. We collected individuals of all three Strongylocentrotus species (n = 365) from 10 previously unsampled locations in the northeast Pacific and north Atlantic (Labrador Sea and Norway), and generated mtDNA sequence data for a 418 bp fragment of cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI). To assess the biogeography of all three species, we combined our alignment with five previously published data sets (total n = 789) and used statistical parsimony and maximum likelihood to identify species and characterize their distribution within and among oceans. Patterns of haplotype sharing, pairwise FST, and hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified trans-Arctic dispersal in S. pallidus and S. droebachiensis W, but other than 5 previously reported singletons we failed to detect additional mtDNA haplotypes of S. droebachiensis E in the north Pacific. Within the Atlantic, patterns of habitat segregation suggests that temperature may play a role in limiting the distribution of S. droebachiensis E, particularly throughout the warmer coastal waters along the coast of Nova Scotia. Our results are consistent with the cycles of trans-Arctic dispersal and vicariance in S. pallidus and S. droebachiensis W, but we suggest that the evolution of Atlantic populations of S. droebachiensis E has been driven by persistent trans-Arctic vicariance that may date to the initial invasion in the late Pliocene.
La descripción del inmueble y la discordancia registral
Authors: Otarola Yasna
Published: September 2022

El artículo ofrece un análisis para determinar si las exigencias legislativas vigentes evitan la existencia de derechos dudosos derivados de la falta o imprecisa identificación del inmueble. En el caso de que no lo impidan, se cuestiona sobre si ¿puede el Conservador de Bienes Raíces inscribir un título que tiene por objeto un bien raíz cuya superficie y/o deslindes difieren de aquellos que aparecían consignados en las inscripciones correlativas anteriores, o bien una solicitud de rectificación de estos? ¿Podría el Conservador dar solución a esta situación a través de la calificación registral? ¿Se extiende la legitimización a la identificación del inmueble? Frente a tales cuestionamientos, la hipótesis de trabajo es la siguiente: Conservador de Bienes Raíces puede y debe ser el principal artífice de la coordinación entre la realidad física y su representación, pues tanto el título, el Registro y el Catastro (si se llega a establecer uno) son los medios de representación de la realidad extrarregistral. Siempre que se pretenda una inscripción, el Conservador debe valorar la legalidad del instrumento a través de la calificación registral, pues en un sistema de inscripción constitutiva, como el nuestro, a cada circunstancia, aunque sea descriptiva del inmueble, el Conservador debe verificar que se reúnen los requisitos legalmente establecidos, entre otros, la identificación, ubicación y delimitación del inmueble
Reperfusion Times in a Telemedicine-guided Program for the Management of ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction in the Province of La Pampa
Authors: Kohan Marío R. , Messler Virginia , Buffa Horacio , Fernández Rubén , Fernández Estaiye Luciano M , Pachado Julio G. , Brocal Ocampo Lorena , Cremaschi Vanina B. , Mayer Marcos A. , Vera Gustavo
Published: September 2022

Background: Timing of medical care is a relevant factor for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) mortality. Objectives: The aim of the present study is to evaluate reperfusion times in STEMI patients participating in a telemedicine-based cardiology care program in the province of La Pampa between August 2018 and December 2021. Methods: This program consists of a protocol for the management of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the different locations of the province, with 24-hour remote assistance provided by cardiologists, including both diagnostic support and coordination of on-site thrombolysis. Results: Of a total of 72 STEMI patients evaluated, 44 received thrombolysis as reperfusion therapy, 25 received primary percutaneous coronary intervention, and 3 received thrombolysis followed by rescue percutaneous coronary intervention. Of the 47 subjects who received thrombolysis, only 5 required to be transferred to the referral center for this procedure. Median door-to-needle time was 24 minutes and door-to balloon-time was 105 minutes. Twenty-eight percent of the subjects with primary percutaneous coronary intervention had a door-to-balloon time < 90 minutes and 53.2% of patients who received thrombolysis fulfilled a door-to-needle time < 30 minutes. Conclusions: The implementation of a telemedicine-guided program for decentralized management of STEMI patients was associated with a high percentage of compliance with the goals of implementing fibrinolytic-based reperfusion therapy
Reference Values of T1 Mapping in Healthy Individuals in 3.0 Tesla Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance. Age and Sex Dependence and Comparison with Different Populations
Authors: Espinosa Ezequiel , Sforzin Patricia , D´Amico Andrés , De Stefano Luciano , Montaña Oscar
Published: September 2022

Background: T1mapping is a technique that improves tissue characterization by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR), and there is growing evidence favoring its use as a tool for early diagnosis and stratification. We present the results of native myocardial T1 quantification in a 3.0 T field in healthy individuals, in order to provide local reference values. Methods: A total of 124 consecutive adults with normal studies, referred to our center for CMR, were included in the study. T1 relaxation time was measured in a midventricular short axis slice, analyzing age and sex dependance. For comparison, 27 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 11 with dilated cardiomyopathy and 8 with cardiac amyloidosis were also included. Results: Mean global T1mapping of the 124 studies analyzed was 1220.7 ±21.2 msec, and rounding to unity, 1178-1263 msec (p5-p95) was considered as “normal range”. A slightly longer T1 time was observed in women and no differences were found with respect to age. Excellent reproducibility was obtained, evaluated by intraclass correlation coefficient (0.97) and Bland-Altman plot. T1 mapping values were significantly higher in both groups of individuals with cardiomyopathy. Conclusions: We report normal values of native T1 mapping in a local healthy adult population. Times were slightly higher in women, a difference that was not considered clinically relevant. When comparing with individuals with hypertrophic or dilated cardiomyopathy, a very good discrimination was obtained between the 3 populations. The interobserver variability was very low
Association of Apremilast With Vascular Inflammation and Cardiometabolic Function in Patients With Psoriasis
Authors: Gelfand Joel M. , Shin Daniel B. , Armstrong April W. , Tyring Stephen K. , Blauvelt Andrew , Gottlieb Scott , Lockshin Benjamin N. , Kalb Robert E. , Fitzsimmons Robert , Rodante Justin , Parel Philip , Manyak Grigory A. , Mendelsohn Laurel , Noe Megan H. , Papadopoulos Maryte , Syed Maha N. , Werner Thomas J. , Wan Joy , Playford Martin P. , Alavi Abass , Mehta Nehal N.
Published: September 2022

Importance

Psoriasis is an inflammatory condition associated with metabolic and cardiovascular disease. Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor, is commonly used for psoriasis and can cause weight loss.

Objective

To determine the association between apremilast and aortic vascular inflammation as assessed by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT), cardiometabolic markers (primary outcomes at week 16), and abdominal fat composition.

Design, Setting, and Participants

A single-arm, open-label, interventional, nonrandomized clinical trial in which the imaging and laboratory outcomes were measured by an investigator who was blinded to time was conducted between April 11, 2017, and August 17, 2021, at 7 dermatology sites in the United States. A total of 101 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis were screened, 70 enrolled, 60 completed week 16, and 39 completed week 52.

Intervention

Apremilast, 30 mg, twice daily.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Aortic vascular inflammation (measured by FDG-PET/CT), 68 cardiometabolic biomarkers, and abdominal fat composition (measured by CT) at week 16 and week 52 compared with baseline.

Results

The mean (SD) age of the 70 patients was 47.5 (14.6) years, 54 were male (77.1%), 4 were Black (5.7%), and 58 were White (82.9%). There was no change in aortic vascular inflammation at week 16 (target to background ratio, −0.02; 95% CI, −0.08 to 0.05; P = .61) or week 52 (target to background ratio, −0.07; 95% CI, −0.15 to 0.01; P = .09) compared with baseline. At week 16, potentially beneficial decreases in interleukin 1b, valine, leucine, isoleucine, fetuin A, and branched-chain amino acids were observed. At week 52 compared with baseline, potentially beneficial decreases in ferritin, β-hydroxybutyrate, acetone, and ketone bodies, with an increase in apolipoprotein A-1, were observed, but there was a reduction in cholesterol efflux. There was an approximately 5% to 6% reduction in subcutaneous and visceral adiposity at week 16 that was maintained at week 52.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this nonrandomized clinical trial suggest that apremilast has a neutral association with aortic vascular inflammation, variable but generally beneficial associations with a subset of cardiometabolic biomarkers, and associations with reductions in visceral and subcutaneous fat, indicating that the drug may have an overall benefit for patients with cardiometabolic disease and psoriasis.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03082729
Risk of Guillain-Barré Syndrome Among Older Adults Receiving Influenza Vaccine in Taiwan
Authors: Yen Cheng-Chang , Wei Kai-Che , Wang Wen-Hwa , Huang Yu-Tung , Chang Yu-Chia
Published: September 2022

Importance

Although influenza vaccination has been associated with Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the findings among studies of older adult populations are inconsistent.

Objective

To determine the risk of GBS after influenza vaccination among older adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study incorporated a self-controlled case series design. Days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 after influenza vaccination were identified as risk intervals; days 8 to 180, days 15 to 180, and days 43 to 180 comprised the corresponding control interval. Population-based data were obtained from Taiwan’s National Health Insurance research database between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2017. Data were analyzed from November 1, 2021, through February 28, 2022. Adults 65 years or older who developed GBS within 180 days after influenza vaccination were enrolled.

Exposure

Government-funded seasonal influenza vaccination.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Onset of GBS during risk intervals after influenza vaccination compared with control intervals using Poisson regression to calculate incidence rate ratio (IRR).

Results

Of 13 482 122 adults aged 65 years or older who received an influenza vaccination, 374 were hospitalized for GBS. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 75.0 (6.1) years; 215 (57.5%) were men and 159 (42.5%) were women. In terms of comorbidities, 33 adults (8.8%) had cancer and 4 (1.1%) had autoimmune diseases. The IRRs for GBS during days 1 to 7, days 1 to 14, and days 1 to 42 were 0.95 (95% CI, 0.55-1.61; P = .84), 0.87 (95% CI, 0.58-1.29; P = .48), and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.72-1.17; P = .49), respectively. No results showed statistical significance. Similarly, no significant differences in IRRs were noted for the overall risk interval (ie, days 1-42) in subgroup analyses pertaining to different age groups (65-74 years [0.93 (95% CI, 0.66-1.31)], 75-84 years [0.85 (95% CI, 0.58-1.26)], and ≥85 years [1.10 (95% CI, 0.57-2.11)]), sex (men, 0.97 [95% CI, 0.71-1.33; P = .87]; women, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.58-1.23; P = .39]), Charlson Comorbidity Index (1.03 [95% CI, 0.77-1.38; P = .84]), or comorbidities (cancer, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.28-1.64; P = .39]; autoimmune disease, 1.10 [95% CI, 0.11-10.53; P = .94]).

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings suggest that influenza vaccination did not increase the risk of GBS among adults aged 65 years or older in Taiwan regardless of postvaccination period or underlying characteristics.
Space and composition of Craig Ellwood's residential buildings, focusing on structural systems
Authors: Masuoka Ryo , Suekane Shingo
Published: September 2022

In this study, the type and transformation of the spatial composition of Craig Ellwood's residential works were investigated, focusing on structural systems. The analysis addressed 28 works, evaluating the structure construction, structure of the main facade, and inner space structure. As a result, the following points were derived: In the 1950s, the order in space was created by setting directions and showing beams in inner and outer spaces. In the 1960s, the order in space was achieved by forming an architectural framework with columns and beams clearly exposed in the exterior space.
Ultraflexible and Ultrasensitive Near‐Infrared Organic Phototransistors for Hemispherical Biomimetic Eyes
Authors: Yu Hongyan , Zhao Xiaoli , Tan Mingyue , Wang Bin , Zhang Mingxin , Wang Xue , Guo Sanlei , Tong Yanhong , Tang Qingxin , Liu Yichun
Published: September 2022

The diverse biological eyes vision systems found in nature can provide attractive design inspiration for near‐infrared (NIR) imaging devices. Outstanding features of the retina are its concave hemisphere geometry and high‐sensitivity image acquisition, which simplify the optical complexity of the eye and improve the imaging quality of visual perception. However, developing high‐performance NIR biomimetic imaging systems with these characteristics is extremely challenging due to the limitations of their hemisphere‐like structures, constituent materials, and conventional imaging modules. Here, a hemispherical biomimetic eyes imaging system based on ultraflexible all‐polymer heterojunction NIR phototransistors is presented. The device features a self‐supporting ultrathin (≈659 nm) NIR imaging structure that can maintain stable photoelectric performance while adhering to the human body or arbitrary‐shaped objects and have extraordinary photosensitivity (≈106) under dim light conditions (0.038 mW cm−2, 808 nm). Based on the versatile NIR device array, hemispherical ultrasensitive NIR biomimetic eyes are successfully achieved and higher‐resolution imaging is realized. Results demonstrated in this work provide a new strategy for constructing ultraflexible and ultrasensitive NIR photodetectors, showing remarkable application potential in next‐generation visual prosthetics and intelligent bioimaging systems.
Large‐Area Growth of MoS2/WS2 Heterostructures by a Sequential Atomic Layer Deposition and Spin‐Coating Approach
Authors: Pareek Devendra , Gonzalez Marco A. , Grewo Nedal , Janßen Marten L. , Arunakiri Kumarahgiri , Alimi Kayode Luqman , Silies Martin , Parisi Jürgen , Gütay Levent , Schäfer Sascha
Published: September 2022

Despite the plethora of intriguing phenomena observed in heterostructure stacks of 2D transition metal dichalcogenide (2D‐TMDC) flakes, their application in functional devices is still hampered due to the lack of reliable growth methodologies for large‐area heterostructures. Here, a scalable process for obtaining as‐grown transition metal di‐chalcogenide heterostructures by a combination of atomic layer deposition of monolayer MoS2 and solution‐based processing of ultrathin WS2 is presented. Spatially uniform optical and electrical characteristics of the individual TMDC layers and heterostructures are demonstrated down to micrometer length scales using Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy, and light‐beam‐induced current measurements. An enhanced photogenerated current is observed for lateral MoS2–MoS2/WS2 heterostructures demonstrating the suitability of this approach for the preparation of functional devices.
Mesoporous Ultrathin g‐C3N4 with Surface Defects Activates Peroxodisulfate for Tetracycline Removal under Visible Light: Synergy and Mechanism
Authors: Song Yanhua , Wu Yansong , Zhang Yuanyuan , Zhou Chengqian , Zheng Zeen , Zhai Linzhi , Chen Hanxiang , Mo Zhao , Li Huaming , Xu Hui
Published: September 2022

Metal‐free catalysts combined with a persulfate‐based advanced oxidation process (PS‐AOP) are considered to be a promising purification technology. In this study, porous thin layers of g‐C3N4 with nitrogen defects are synthesized by a simple method. Multiple characterization methods demonstrate the porous thin layer structure and the N defects of P‐CNx‐1. Photoelectrochemistry tests show that the combination of morphological modulation and defect engineering produces an excellent photocurrent response. The P‐CNx‐1/PS/Vis system shows the best tetracycline (TC) removal efficiency degrading 74.2% of TC within 90 min, and the degradation kinetics are significantly improved. Optimal degradation conditions such as catalyst dosage, persulfate (PS) dosage, initial TC concentration, and initial pH are investigated. Cyclic and anionic experiments demonstrate the excellent stability of P‐CNx‐1 and its ability to treat complex aqueous bases. Mechanistic experiments show that ˙OH/SO4˙−/˙O2−/h+/1O2 are all involved in the degradation of TC. Liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (LC‐MS) suggests possible degradation pathways for TC. This work aims to provide new ideas for the application of metal‐free g‐C3N4 in PS activation.
Algorithms and the future of work
Authors: Howard John
Published: September 2022

An algorithm refers to a series of stepwise instructions used by a machine to perform a mathematical operation. In 1955, the term artificial intelligence (AI) was coined to indicate that a machine could be programmed to duplicate human intelligence. Even though that goal has not yet been reached, the use of sophisticated machine learning algorithms has moved us closer to that goal. While algorithm‐enabled systems and devices will bring many benefits to occupational safety and health, this Commentary focuses on new sources of worker risk that algorithms present in the use of worker management systems, advanced sensor technologies, and robotic devices. A new “digital Taylorism” may erode worker autonomy, and lead to work intensification and psychosocial stress. The presence of large amounts of information on workers within algorithmic‐enabled systems presents security and privacy risks. Reliance on indiscriminate data mining may reproduce forms of discrimination and lead to inequalities in hiring, retention, and termination. Workers interfacing with robots may face work intensification and job displacement, while injury in the course of employment by a robotic device is also possible. Algorithm governance strategies are discussed such as risk management practices, national and international laws and regulations, and emerging legal accountability proposals. Determining if an algorithm is safe for workplace use is rapidly becoming a challenge for manufacturers, programmers, employers, workers, and occupational safety and health practitioners. To achieve the benefits that algorithm‐enabled systems and devices promise in the future of work, now is the time to study how to effectively manage their risks.
The development of sex differences in play in wild white‐faced capuchins (Cebus capucinus)
Authors: Winkler Sasha L. , Perry Susan E.
Published: September 2022

Many mammalian species display sex differences in the frequency of play behavior, yet the animal literature includes few longitudinal studies of play, which are important for understanding the developmental timing of sex differences and the evolutionary functions of play. We analyzed social play, solitary play, and grooming using an 18‐year data set on 38 wild white‐faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) followed since infancy. Rates of each behavior were measured as the proportion of point samples taken during focal follows in which the individual engaged in each behavior. To determine sex differences in these rates, we ran a series of generalized linear mixed models, considering both linear and quadratic effects of age, and chose the optimal model for each of the three behavioral outcomes based on information criteria. Rates of both social play and solitary play decreased with age, with the exception of social play in males, which increased in the early juvenile period before decreasing. Male and female capuchins had different developmental patterns of social play, with males playing more than females during most of the juvenile period, but they did not display meaningful sex differences in solitary play rates. Additionally, males and females had different patterns of grooming over the lifespan: males participated in grooming at low rates throughout their lives, while adult females participated in grooming at much higher rates, peaking around age 11 years before declining. We suggest that male and female white‐faced capuchins may adopt alternative social bonding strategies, including different developmental timing and different behaviors (social play for males vs. grooming for females). Our results were consistent with two functional hypotheses of play, the practice and bonding hypotheses. This study demonstrates that play behavior may be critical for the development of sex‐specific social strategies and emphasizes the importance of developmental perspectives on social behaviors.
A Triplet Label Extends Two‐Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy from Pico‐ to Microseconds
Authors: Brunst Hendrik , Masood Hafiz M. A. , Thun A. Rafael , Kondratiev Alexander , Wille Georg , van Wilderen Luuk J. G. W. , Bredenbeck Jens
Published: September 2022

In conventional two‐dimensional infrared (2D‐IR) spectroscopy, the inherently short vibrational lifetimes limit the time window to observe molecular dynamics typically to tens of picoseconds. The rather complex dynamics of organized molecular systems (e.g., glass formers, polymers, membranes, proteins), however, span a wide range of timescales from femto‐ to microseconds and beyond. Vibrationally Promoted Electronic Resonance (VIPER) 2D‐IR negates the limitations of 2D‐IR spectroscopy, for its signal decays with the electronic lifetime. Here, we present 2‐Isopropylthioxanthone as the first VIPER 2D‐IR probe to exploit intersystem crossing, thereby covering even the microsecond timescale. We achieved the required signal‐to‐noise ratio and resolution by introducing the Fourier‐transform approach to the VIPER 2D‐IR pulse sequence. Now, we are in a position to monitor dynamics via spectral diffusion several orders of magnitude beyond the vibrational lifetime of 2D‐IR labels.
Was uns die Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie über den aktiven Zustand von Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion lehrt**
Authors: Risch Marcel , Morales Dulce M. , Villalobos Javier , Antipin Denis
Published: September 2022

Die Umsetzung der chemischen Energiespeicherung für eine nachhaltige Energieversorgung erfordert die wissensbasierte Verbesserung von Elektrokatalysatormaterialien, wofür ihre Beschaffenheit unter Reaktionsbedingungen aufgedeckt werden muss. Für ein besseres Verständnis von genügend vorhandenen Metalloxiden als Elektrokatalysatoren für die Sauerstoffentwicklungsreaktion (oxygen evolution reaction, OER) ist die Kombination von elektrochemischen (EC) Methoden und Röntgenabsorptionsspektroskopie (X‐ray absorption spectroscopy, XAS) sehr aufschlussreich, birgt aber noch ungenutztes Potential. In diesem Artikel werden EC und XAS kurz vorgestellt, und es wird der notwendige Rahmen geschaffen, um die Veränderungen zu erörtern, die elektrokatalytische Materialien während ihrer Herstellung und Lagerung, während des Eintauchens in einen Elektrolyten sowie während der Anwendung von Potentialen durchlaufen. Wir schließen mit einer Zusammenfassung darüber, wie EC und XAS derzeit kombiniert werden, um aktive Zustände aufzuklären, sowie mit einem Ausblick auf weitere Möglichkeiten, die Mechanismen der Elektrokatalyse mithilfe kombinierter Operando‐EC‐XAS‐Experimente zu verstehen.
Aryl Fluorosulfate Based Inhibitors That Covalently Target the SIRT5 Lysine Deacylase**
Authors: Bolding Julie E. , Martín‐Gago Pablo , Rajabi Nima , Gamon Luke F. , Hansen Tobias N. , Bartling Christian R. O. , Strømgaard Kristian , Davies Michael J. , Olsen Christian A.
Published: September 2022

The sirtuin enzymes are a family of lysine deacylases that regulate gene transcription and metabolism. Sirtuin 5 (SIRT5) hydrolyzes malonyl, succinyl, and glutaryl ϵ‐N‐carboxyacyllysine posttranslational modifications and has recently emerged as a vulnerability in certain cancers. However, chemical probes to illuminate its potential as a pharmacological target have been lacking. Here we report the harnessing of aryl fluorosulfate‐based electrophiles as an avenue to furnish covalent inhibitors that target SIRT5. Alkyne‐tagged affinity‐labeling agents recognize and capture overexpressed SIRT5 in cultured HEK293T cells and can label SIRT5 in the hearts of mice upon intravenous injection of the compound. This work demonstrates the utility of aryl fluorosulfate electrophiles for targeting of SIRT5 and suggests this as a means for the development of potential covalent drug candidates. It is our hope that these results will serve as inspiration for future studies investigating SIRT5 and general sirtuin biology in the mitochondria.
A new characterization approach for heat sealing of polymer packaging films identifying optimum sealing parameters using Pareto‐based trade‐off analysis
Authors: Gellerich Peter Anton , Majschak Jens‐Peter
Published: September 2022

This paper presents a new approach for characterizing heat sealing processes in packaging machines, which identifies all appropriate and optimum sealing parameters subject to given quality criteria. The presented approach is distinct from established methods, such as heat seal curves or response surface plots, in three aspects: It provides an easy‐to‐read chart indicating optimum and appropriate settings of sealing temperature and dwell time, as well as process robustness for each parameter set. The data points of the charts are generated directly from experiments without using any regression model. The design of experiments features a determinate sequence of tests and no iterative loops are necessary. The approach stems from a ‘trade‐off’ model of heat sealing and a specific multi‐objective optimization method. This trade‐off model states that improving seam quality, reducing sealing temperature, reducing dwell time, and increasing process robustness are conflicting objectives. This hypothesis is deduced from a literature review and verified by experiments. The optimization method claims that all optimum sealing parameters are part of the solution of a multi‐objective optimization problem, the Pareto‐frontier. This hypothesis is elaborated into a design of experiments using the normal‐boundary‐intersection method, and is verified using a peelable seam and tear seam scenario.
Fe‐based catalyst with diphenylphosphite as donor for stereopolymerization of butadiene, isoprene, and myrcene
Authors: Chen Zhiyan , Xu Xueqin , Zhou Yun , Liu Huijie , Cui Sheng , Gong Dirong
Published: September 2022

Iron catalyst has been encountered with low activity and stereoselectivity sensitive to the operational conditions for diene polymerization. In this study, diphenylphosphite has been proved as an efficient donor in iron‐based tertiary catalyst for butadiene, isoprene and myrcene stereopolymerizations. Thermal robustness of active species has been demonstrated as the high activity and 1,2 stereoselectivity are survived in a wide temperature scope ranging from 5°C to 80°C. The resultant polybutadienes are found to have 1,2 incorporation up to 92.8% with syndiotactic conformation (rrrr: 95.1%), and more than 65% of irregular 3,4 enchainments are generated for polyisoprene and polymyrcene. The active species are formed preferably following addition sequence of iron compound, donor and activator in the presence of monomer. The development of this highly active and stable catalyst combining cost‐efficient components and mild operation parameters could provide accessible catalyst recipe to produce new types of polydienes.