bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A deep learning framework for layer-wise porosity prediction in metal powder bed fusion using thermal signatures
Authors: Mao Yuwei , Lin Hui , Yu Christina Xuan , Frye Roger , Beckett Darren , Anderson Kevin , Jacquemetton Lars , Carter Fred , Gao Zhangyuan , Liao Wei-keng , Choudhary Alok N. , Ehmann Kornel , Agrawal Ankit
Published: October 2022

Part quality manufactured by the laser powder bed fusion process is significantly affected by porosity. Existing works of process–property relationships for porosity prediction require many experiments or computationally expensive simulations without considering environmental variations. While efforts that adopt real-time monitoring sensors can only detect porosity after its occurrence rather than predicting it ahead of time. In this study, a novel porosity detection-prediction framework is proposed based on deep learning that predicts porosity in the next layer based on thermal signatures of the previous layers. The proposed framework is validated in terms of its ability to accurately predict lack of fusion porosity using computerized tomography (CT) scans, which achieves a F1-score of 0.75. The framework presented in this work can be effectively applied to quality control in additive manufacturing. As a function of the predicted porosity positions, laser process parameters in the next layer can be adjusted to avoid more part porosity in the future or the existing porosity could be filled. If the predicted part porosity is not acceptable regardless of laser parameters, the building process can be stopped to minimize the loss.
RoboLab: providing remote access to a physical radiochemistry laboratory for teaching and training
Authors: Salina Olga N. , Grønås Terje , Pottgießer Vivien , Němec Mojmír , Vahlbruch Jan-Willem , Walther Clemens , Omtvedt Jon Petter
Published: October 2022

RoboLab enables students to perform real radiochemistry experiments without being physically present in a laboratory. Remotely controlled experiments are accessed through a web interface to a physical laboratory. The laboratory equipment is interfaced to a computer that both controls the equipment and provides feedback to the web user. A generic software template, using a cloud service, was developed to facilitate easy communication between the web browser and the control system. The sixth and most recent RoboLab, aiming at the production and measurement of 234mPa (T1/2 = 1.16 min), has been successfully developed and implemented using this template.
A taxonomy for similarity metrics between Markov decision processes
Authors: García Javier , Visús Álvaro , Fernández Fernando
Published: October 2022

Although the notion of task similarity is potentially interesting in a wide range of areas such as curriculum learning or automated planning, it has mostly been tied to transfer learning. Transfer is based on the idea of reusing the knowledge acquired in the learning of a set of source tasks to a new learning process in a target task, assuming that the target and source tasks areclose enough. In recent years, transfer learning has succeeded in making reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms more efficient (e.g., by reducing the number of samples needed to achieve (near-)optimal performance). Transfer in RL is based on the core concept ofsimilarity: whenever the tasks aresimilar, the transferred knowledge can be reused to solve the target task and significantly improve the learning performance. Therefore, the selection of good metrics to measure these similarities is a critical aspect when building transfer RL algorithms, especially when this knowledge is transferred from simulation to the real world. In the literature, there are many metrics to measure the similarity between MDPs, hence, many definitions ofsimilarityor its complementdistancehave been considered. In this paper, we propose a categorization of these metrics and analyze the definitions ofsimilarityproposed so far, taking into account such categorization. We also follow this taxonomy to survey the existing literature, as well as suggesting future directions for the construction of new metrics.
Ukrainian standard variants in the 20th century: stylometry to the rescue
Authors: Lahjouji-Seppälä M. Zaidan , Rabus Achim , von Waldenfels Ruprecht
Published: October 2022

In this study, we use the General Regionally Annotated Corpus of Ukrainian (GRAC, www.uacorpus.org) as an experimental field for testing stylometric approaches for variationist analysis. While, in the last years, quantitative methods such as binomial mixed-effects regression models as well as machine-learning methods such as random forests have gained considerable popularity in corpus linguistics, methods from stylometry have not been used for variation-linguistic analysis very often. Using data from GRAC, we show that a stylometric approach can be useful to analyze the diachronic development of Standard Ukrainian in the 20th century. We take departure from the two main variants of Standard Ukrainian used in the interwar period in Soviet Ukraine, on the one hand, and Western Ukraine as it was part of the Polish republic, on the other. We ask: what can stylometry tell us about how these standards differed and about their subsequent fate in enlarged Soviet Ukraine after WWII?

Our analysis shows that certain specifically Western Ukrainian features common during the first decades of the 20th century did not find their way into the post-WWII standard, while others were retained. Moreover, we show that, by and large, stylometry shows a stronger continuity of the Eastern than the Western standard.

Methodologically, we demonstrate that stylometry can be used as a tool to start corpus-linguistic research from a bird’s-eye view and in an inductive manner, without formulating any hypotheses regarding particular variables, and later zoom in on hitherto unknown variables representing regional or diachronic differences.
Accessing the phenomenon of incompatibility in working students’ experience of university life
Authors: Grozev Vladislav H. , Easterbrook Matthew J.
Published: October 2022

University students in paid employment have less time for studying, report more stress, and participate in fewer extracurricular activities than non-employed students. These negative outcomes that result from combining work and study can cause employed students to experience the domains of work, study, and social life as practically incompatible, but also to experience a sense of identity incompatibility. Therefore, we used insights from previous quantitative and qualitative data on employed students and previous work on identity incompatibility to generate two research questions (RQs): RQ1. What type(s) of incompatibility (practical, identity or other) do employed students experience? and RQ2. What strategies have they adopted to reduce the experienced incompatibility? In order to answer these questions, we performed a thematic analysis with a deductive approach on transcripts from 21 UK university students who we interviewed. The students reported two types of incompatibilities: practical incompatibility, which stems from the lack of time, lack of energy, and lack of social contact associated with combining work and study; and identity incompatibility, which emanates from status differences and differences between one’s own and others’ perception of oneself. In order to reduce or resolve these incompatibilities, the students also developed practical (e.g. taking paid leave) and cognitive (e.g. compartmentalising contexts) strategies. Finally, the students also noted how the experience of practical incompatibility can reaffirm their values of hard work and productivity and make them resilient learners.
Spillover and crossover effects of working time demands on work–life balance satisfaction among dual-earner couples: the mediating role of work–life conflict
Authors: Lott Yvonne , Wöhrmann Anne M.
Published: October 2022

To examine the spillover and crossover effects of working time demands (specifically, work contact in leisure time, evening work, and long work hours) on satisfaction with work–life balance among dual-earner couples, path analyses were conducted using data from the 2017/2018 German Family Panel (pairfam; N = 1,053 dual-earner couples). Working time demands were measured based on (a) answering work emails/phone calls in leisure time, (b) evening work, and (c) weekly work hours. High working time demands impaired workers’ work–life balance satisfaction due to higher levels of work–life conflict. They indirectly affected partners’ work–life balance satisfaction through two pathways: (a) workers’ and partners’ work–life conflict and (b) workers’ work–life conflict and work–life balance satisfaction. These findings indicate that high working time demands negatively impact the work–life balance satisfaction of workers and their partners because of work–life conflict experienced either by the workers only or by both partners. In an increasingly digitalized labor market, measures are needed to reduce working time demands—and thus work–life conflict—for workers and their partners.
The role of epigenetics in T-cell lymphoma
Authors: Yamagishi Makoto
Published: October 2022

Malignant lymphomas are a group of diseases with epigenomic abnormalities fundamental to pathogenesis and pathophysiology. They are characterized by a high frequency of abnormalities related to DNA methylation regulators (DNMT3A, TET2, IDH2, etc.) and histone modifiers (EZH2, HDAC, KMT2D/MLL2, CREBBP, EP300, etc.). These epigenomic abnormalities directly amplify malignant clones. They also originate from a hematopoietic stem cell-derived cell lineage triggered by epigenomic changes. These characteristics are linked to their high affinity for epigenomic therapies. Hematology has led disease epigenetics in the areas of basic research, clinical research, and drug discovery. However, epigenomic regulation is generally recognized as a complex system, and gaps exist between basic and clinical research. To provide an overview of the status and importance of epigenomic abnormalities in malignant lymphoma, this review first summarizes the concept and essential importance of the epigenome, then outlines the current status and future outlook of epigenomic abnormalities in malignant lymphomas.
Development of restoration mortars and artificial stones for use in restoring cultural heritage sites made from volcanic tuffs
Authors: Menningen Johanna , Klein Calvin , Pötzl Christopher , Gross Christian J. , Siegesmund Siegfried
Published: October 2022

Many historically significant buildings and cultural heritage sites are made of volcanic tuffs. These sites are subject to a progressive weathering and are partly in ruinous conditions. Preparing a suitable stone replacement mortar for repair work or even whole replacement stones for these rocks is of great interest. During the quarrying of tuff rocks, more than 40% of the material is rejected and cannot be further used. Utilizing this material, the production of replacement materials with optimized properties for the restoration and repair of severely damaged natural stones represents a resource-saving measure for the preservation of these buildings. In addition to the effective use of the natural stone waste, these artificial materials, in contrast to the very heterogeneous tuffs, offer a constant quality and consistent properties. A more effective exploitation can lead to a more sustainable usage of this natural resource and minimize the interference to the environment. This study describes the development of stone replacement mortars and the creation of artificial replacement stones utilizing source material from Mexico and Armenia. The resulting replacement material shows similar properties, aesthetics, and weathering behavior like the original rock, while different properties could be optimized. Petrophysical properties as well as the weathering behavior of the volcanic tuff rock were analyzed along with the developed replacement mortar and artificial stone. As hydric and thermohydric expansion processes are important factors for the durability of the investigated rocks, replacement materials were developed and optimized which, except for the pore structure of the cement and concrete matrix, show a high correspondence to the natural stones in terms of macroscopic appearance and technical properties. The compatibility of the replacement material with the original rock was investigated. Moreover, based on the evaluation of the mechanical as well as the pore space, water transport and weathering properties, the replacement stones were evaluated as equally suitable construction material, while the replacement mortars vary in regard to their results. Accordingly, the replacement stones developed in this study can be considered as full-fledged rock substitutes for the Armenian tuffs, while the replacement mortars for the Mexican tuffs partly show a good suitability and could be partially optimized.
Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy vs physicians’ choice standard-of-care treatment in patients with recurrent glioblastoma: a post-approval registry study (EF-19)
Authors: Zhu Jay-Jiguang , Goldlust Samuel A. , Kleinberg Lawrence R. , Honnorat Jérôme , Oberheim Bush Nancy Ann , Ram Zvi
Published: October 2022

Purpose

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) therapy, a noninvasive, anti-mitotic treatment modality, is approved for recurrent glioblastoma (rGBM) and newly diagnosed GBM based on phase III, EF-11 (NCT00379470) and EF-14 (NCT00916409) studies, respectively. The EF-19 study aimed to evaluate efficacy and safety of TTFields monotherapy (200 kHz) vs physicians’ choice standard of care (PC-SOC; EF-11 historical control group) in rGBM.

Methods

A prospective, post-marketing registry study of adults with supratentorial rGBM treated with TTFields therapy was conducted. Primary endpoint was overall survival (OS; intent-to-treat [ITT] population) and secondary endpoint was OS per-protocol (PP). Subgroup and toxicity analyses were conducted.

Results

Median OS (ITT population) was comparable with TTFields monotherapy vs PC-SOC (7.4 vs 6.4 months, log-rank test P = 0.053; Cox test hazard ratio [HR] [95% CI], 0.66 [0.47–0.92], P = 0.016). The upper-bound HR (95% CI) was lower than pre-defined noninferiority (1.375 threshold). In the PP population, median OS was significantly longer for TTFields monotherapy vs PC-SOC (8.1 vs 6.4 months; log-rank test P = 0.017; Cox test HR [95% CI], 0.60 [0.42–0.85], P = 0.004). TTFields therapy showed increased benefit with extended use (≥ 18 h/day [averaged over 28 days]). TTFields therapy-related adverse events (AEs) by body system were lower vs PC-SOC: mainly mild-to-moderate skin AEs.

Conclusion

In the real-world setting, TTFields monotherapy showed comparable (ITT population) and superior (PP population) OS vs PC-SOC in rGBM. In line with previous results, TTFields therapy showed a favorable safety profile vs chemotherapy, without new safety signals/systemic effects.

Trial registration: NCT01756729, registered December 20, 2012.

Graphical Abstract
Giant adrenal ganglioneuroma in children: a case report
Authors: Hu Mingqiu , Tang Zhizhong , Cai Yong , Yuan Xiaolu
Published: October 2022

Background

Ganglioneuromas (GNs) arise from the Schwann cells, ganglion cells, and neuronal tissues, and are extremely rare, slow-growing, benign tumors. GN has usually grown very large when it is diagnosed since no specific clinical symptoms or laboratory findings indicating GN are available, especially when it occurs in the retroperitoneal space. Total resection of the tumor is the recommended treatment.

Case summary

We present the imaging and pathological findings of a giant adrenal GN in a child. A 7-year-old boy suffered from nausea and postprandial vomiting for 1 week with no precipitating factors. There was no family history of any disease, and the boy did not suffer from any disease in the past. Biochemical examination showed normal results. Physical examination showed an immobilized palpable mass in the left abdominal area. Abdominal computed tomography revealed a 13 cm × 10 cm solid mass in the retroperitoneal space. The mass showed slight and heterogeneous enhancement after injection of a contrasting agent. The mass was surgically resected locally to address the embedded abdominal vessels, and the histopathological and immunohistochemical diagnosis of the mass was GN. After the surgery, the symptoms of nausea and vomiting were relieved, and no complications occurred.

Conclusion

GN should be considered when a child presents with a giant retroperitoneal hypodense mass and the mass presents uneven and delayed enhancement. Histopathology is the golden standard for the diagnosis of GN. Currently, surgical excision is the optimal treatment.
Analysis of the impact of the degree of catchment sealing on the operation of drainage system
Authors: Musz-Pomorska Anna , Widomski Marcin K.
Published: October 2022

With increasing sealing of the catchment surface, the time of outflow of water from the catchment decreases and the volume of surface water flowing out increases. This phenomenon has a negative impact on the water balance of the catchment area, and results in an increase in the frequency of flooding, related to inability of the existing drainage systems to collect the surface waters. This paper presents the results of modeling of hydraulic conditions in a selected part of the storm sewage system. The US EPA’s software SWMM 5 was applied to our studies. Three different rainfall events of various intensity and time and variable sealing degree of the catchment surface were studied in our research. The conducted simulation tests enabled the analysis of the sewage flow rate, the canals filling height as well as assessment of the impact of changing the degree of surface sealing on the amount of rainwater discharged and the frequency of outflows.
Network Structure Optimization Method for Urban Drainage Systems Considering Pipeline Redundancies
Authors: Lu Jiahui , Liu Jiahong , Yu Yingdong , Liu Chuang , Su Xin
Published: October 2022

Redundancy is an important attribute of a resilient urban drainage system. While there is a lack of knowledge on where to increase redundancy and its contribution to resilience, this study developed a framework for the optimal network structure of urban drainage systems that considers pipeline redundancies. Graph theory and adaptive genetic algorithms were used to obtain the initial layout and design of the urban drainage system. The introduction of additional water paths (in loop)/redundancies is suggested by the results of complex network analysis to increase resilience. The drainage performances of the urban drainage system with pipeline redundancies, and without redundancies, were compared. The proposed method was applied to the study area in Dongying City, Shandong Province, China. The results show that the total overflow volume of the urban drainage system with pipeline redundancies under rainfall exceeding the design standard (5 years) is reduced by 20–30%, which is substantially better than the network without pipeline redundancies.
Wind power forecasting in distribution networks using non-parametric models and regression trees
Authors: Nikolaidis Pavlos
Published: October 2022

Renewable resources provide viable and advantageous solutions up to a certain integration share. At higher penetration levels, they violate the conventional generation constraints, leading to decentralized uncertainty with respect to bi-directional power flows. This generates an increasing need for smart tools able to predict their output with high accuracy, based on easily accessible input data for forecasting. Based on actual data with respect to load demand and wind power generation, this work presents a realization of decision trees that target on a continuous response, also known as regression trees. Utilizing the speed and direction of wind, the ambient temperature, relative humidity, renewable capacity and renewable energy source curtailment as predictors in distribution networks of different regions, the proposed configuration is able to predict the generated power with high accuracy. According to the obtained results under distinguished scenarios, the inclusion of temperature and humidity to the predictive list greatly improves the accuracy in terms of mean square error, root mean square error and mean absolute range normalized error, whereas the renewable availability offer no relevant changes. However, in the forthcoming de-carbonized power systems, the impact of curtailed energy will play an important role in expert forecasting systems where the input/output association must be modelled with high resolution.
Functional UF-low and full-fat Labneh supplemented with Oats (Avena sativa L.) powder and probiotic bacteria
Authors: Khider Manal , Nasr Nesreen M. , Atallah K. M. , Metry Wedad A.
Published: October 2022

In this study the effect of using ultrafiltration (UF) processes, incorporating Oats (Avena sativa L.) powder (0, 1, 2%) and probiotic bacteria on the properties and nutritional value of synbiotic functional UF-low and full-fat Labneh was investigated. Mixed starter of Lactobacillus casei and Lactobacillus paracasei (1:1) was added (2%) and used as probiotic bacteria. The samples of both controls and all resultant synbiotic Labneh treatments were analyzed for gross chemical composition, microbiological and sensory attributes during 35 and 21 days, respectively at 5 °C. Also nutritional values were determined and calculated in all fresh samples. Lactose content and pH values were decreased during the storage period in all Labneh samples. Results showed that all low-fat Labneh treatments can provide human with high protein amount daily value (20% DV or more) while, low-fat UF-Labneh supplemented with 2% Oats recorded the highest daily values of protein (24.52%). Moreover, the results indicated that adding 2% of Oats to the UF-low fat Labneh, improve sensory parameters, motivate the numbers of probiotic bacteria and extended the shelf life. Moreover, all Labneh treatments were free from coliform group through all storage periods. The highest sensory total score was observed for UF-low fat Labneh at 7 days of storage and UF-low fat Labneh supplemented with 1% Oats at 28 days of storage. Finally, in this study using UF-technique and adding Oats powder in making Labneh, improved the nutritional value as it increased protein, %DV and fiber contents and decreasing lactose content which will be suitable for people who suffering from lactose intolerance. Also using the probiotic bacteria which produce bacteriocins; minimize the fungi and psychrophilic bacterial counts.
Resolving multi-dimensional plasma phenomena in Hall thrusters using the reduced-order particle-in-cell scheme
Authors: Reza Maryam , Faraji Farbod , Knoll Aaron
Published: October 2022

Plasma in Hall thrusters exhibits a complex behavior, characterized by the interplay between various dominant processes in each of the thruster’s coordinates. The emergence of high-power Hall thrusters in the recent years and the design modifications intended to extend the lifetime of these devices have further amplified the three-dimensional nature of the plasma behavior. In this regard, the novel reduced-order particle-in-cell (PIC) scheme provides the possibility to resolve the multi-dimensional interactions in a Hall thruster at a computational cost up to two orders of magnitude lower than current multi-dimensional PIC simulations. To demonstrate this point, we present in this article the results from a series of pseudo-two-dimensional simulations we performed in three configurations: axial-azimuthal, azimuthal-radial, and axial-radial. We show that, in each configuration, the pseudo-2D PIC scheme provides a significantly improved picture of the involved physics compared to a one-dimensional PIC simulation and captures self-consistently the coupling between the plasma processes in different directions, notably similar to the observations from full-2D kinetic simulations.
International library standards for low-resource countries: the example of Rwanda
Authors: von Flüe Erica
Published: October 2022

Library standards for low-resource countries are intended to make it easier to set up and run a library even with few resources. The client for this thesis is COERESO (Cooperation, Equality, Respect), an association active in Rwanda. In order to develop an understanding of the conditions in low-resource countries, relevant sociological terms are defined. Then, based on the literature and on statements from school officials and students, criteria are created which serve as a basis for library standards. In addition, the standards and manifestos of IFLA and UNESCO were used as a source of inspiration.
A Note on the Making of Siliva the Zulu
Authors: Hughes Heather
Published: October 2022

This note uncovers the role of John Langalibalele Dube in the making of Siliva the Zulu. Dube worked as an interpreter with Attilio Gatti and Harry Lugg of the Natal Native Affairs Department. The film’s idealized version of Zulu traditional life well served their interests on the local political scene.
Assessment of Knowledge, Skills, and Preparedness of General-Duty Police on Prehospital Care of Road Traffic Accident Victims in Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi Kehinde , Venkatraman Chinmayee , Malolan Chenchita , Olaomi Oluwole , Nwariaku Fiemu E.
Published: October 2022

Objectives:

Prompt prehospital care (PHC) is essential for improving outcomes of road traffic accident victims. Previous studies in Nigeria show that little or no PHC is delivered to trauma victims by first responders. This study was conducted to assess police officers’ experience with FA/BLS, to identify gaps in their FA/BLS knowledge and skills, and assess police stations’ FA/BLS equipment capacity for PHC of road traffic accident victims.

Methods:

This cross-sectional study was conducted among 428 GD police in Abuja between November and December 2018. Respondents were selected using stratified random sampling with proportional allocation method. Data were collected using self-administered electronic semi-structured questionnaires. Data analysis was done using STATA v 14.0 (StataCorp, College Station, TX). Chi-square and multivariate logistic regression were used to assess associations.

Results:

We analyzed data from 419 respondents. Almost all (90.2%) of the police were aware of FA/BLS. The proportion of police with poor, fair, and good knowledge and skills on FA/BLS were 15.3%, 79.0%, and 5.7%, respectively. Tertiary (OR = 3.35, 95% CI: 1.01-11.11, P = 0.048) and postgraduate (OR = 6.89, 95% CI: 1.63-29.19, P = 0.009) levels of education had statistically significant association with good knowledge and skills.

Conclusion:

This highlights the need to implement an educational intervention to increase FA/BLS competencies within the first responder population.
Narcissistic Sociopathy in Global Autocratic Leaders: Arrested Development, Obsessive Demand for Power, and the Emergence of Unlawful Hybrid Wars
Authors: Khorram-Manesh Amir , Burkle Frederick M.
Published: October 2022

There are several reasons why war occurs. The most lethal wars are those caused by 1 man’s decisions solely driven by an obsessive need for power. With disregard for International Humanitarian Law and the Geneva Convention, these wars, referred to as hybrid warfare, purposefully target civilians directly resulting in millions of deaths, injuries, mass migration, and other severe global and public health consequences. The purpose of this commentary is to investigate the developmental nature of those decision-makers and the consequences of their acts of aggression both locally and globally. There is a clear relationship between the psychological developments of individuals with narcissistic and psychopathological disorders and the implications of an abnormal progression of these individuals and their obsessive desire for singular leadership, which seriously impacts health-care security and its essential elements provided by international humanitarian law and Geneva Convention. Current double standards of the West allow narcissistic sociopaths and autocratic leaders to neglect international law, especially the so-called international humanitarian law. This double standard must be ceased and replaced by an international investigative system with universal standards, a special tribunal covering hybrid war crimes as well as the crime of aggression, and to prevent future leaders from choosing the same strategies.
Value of Environmental Health During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Story From Indian Country
Authors: Piontkowski Stephen Robert , Hickey Braden Nicole , Woodlee Charles David , Taylor Kelly Marie
Published: October 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic challenged not only the health-care industry, but also the public health infrastructure in new and wide-ranging ways. Environmental health (EH) professionals have proven to be an essential component of the interdisciplinary public health solution required to prevent, respond, and recover from the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indian Health Service’s Division of Environmental Health Services is a community-based program offering a broad scope of environmental health services and technical assistance. Significant COVID-19 workload activities were recorded from March 2020 through March 2021. A total of 62.7% of the Division’s federal staff completed a 24-question survey in February/March 2021. Primary roles relating to community-based EH, institutional EH, and incident command system support/teams became apparent. Results indicated Division of Environmental Health Services staff provided critical leadership and used their established, trusted, interdisciplinary partnerships to help ensure critical resources and services were available in Indian Country.
The Importance of Forgetting
Authors: Basu Rima
Published: October 2022

Morality bears on what we should forget. Some aspects of our identity are meant to be forgotten and there is a distinctive harm that accompanies the permanence of some content about us, content that prompts a duty to forget. To make the case that forgetting is an integral part of our moral duties to others, the paper proceeds as follows. In §1, I make the case that forgetting is morally evaluable and I survey three kinds of forgetting: no-trace forgetting, archival forgetting, and siloing. In §2, I turn to how we practice these forms of forgetting in our everyday lives and the goods these practices facilitate by drawing on examples ranging from the expunging of juvenile arrest records to the right to privacy. In §3, I turn to how my account can help us both recognize and address a heretofore neglected source of harm caused by technology and big data. In §4, I end by addressing the concern that we lack control over forgetting and thus can't be required to forget. I argue this challenge can be answered, but there's a harder challenge that can't. Forgetting is under threat. To address this challenge and preserve forgetting, we must change the world.
L'Italia di Fellini. Immagini, paesaggi, forme di vita
Authors: Bayman Louis
Published: October 2022

In 1993, a few months before his death, the veteran film director Federico Fellini was invited to the University of Bologna to receive an honorary doctorate. Bologna, the oldest modern university in the world, wished to bestow on Fellini its institutional recognition of his half a century in the Italian film industry. Not unflattered, Fellini declined, and wrote to the rector of the university that he felt ‘like Pinocchio being decorated by the headmaster and carabinieri for cavorting in Pleasure Island’.
Borderline gradient continuity for fractional heat type operators
Authors: Arya Vedansh , Kumar Dharmendra
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we establish gradient continuity for solutions to
\[ (\partial_t - \operatorname{div}(A(x) \nabla ))^{s} u =f,\quad s \in (1/2, 1), \]when $f$ belongs to the scaling critical function space $L\left (\frac {n+2}{2s-1}, 1\right )$. Our main results theorems 1.1 and 1.2 can be seen as a nonlocal generalization of a well-known result of Stein in the context of fractional heat type operators and sharpen some of the previous gradient continuity results which deal with $f$ in subcritical spaces. Our proof is based on an appropriate adaptation of compactness arguments, which has its roots in a fundamental work of Caffarelli in [13].
How will challenges in micro- and nanofabrication impact the development of quantum technologies?
Authors: Touzard Steven
Published: October 2022

The development of useful quantum technologies will heavily rely on assembling many sub-systems that exhibit quantum properties. These systems do not spontaneously assemble themselves into useable quantum machines: they rely on advanced fabrication techniques at micro- and nanometre scales. Examples of such techniques include the fabrication of electrodes and waveguides for trapped ions, of Josephson junctions and microwave chips for superconducting circuits, of electrodes for the control of quantum dots or the fabrication of low-disorder semi-conductors for the operation of Majorana Zero Modes.
East German History and the Crisis of Liberal Democracy
Authors: Huneke Samuel Clowes
Published: October 2022

On September 25, 2017, Germany awoke to the horrifying reality that the Alternative for Germany (AfD), a far-right party founded in 2013, had romped to third place in the previous day's federal election. With 12.6% of the vote, the party became not only the official face of the opposition to Angela Merkel's not-so-grand coalition with the Social Democratic Party (SPD), but also the first far-right party to enter the Bundestag since the 1950s. Election watchers soon noticed that the AfD had racked up stunning margins in the states that once made up the German Democratic Republic (GDR), coming in first on the second ballot (Zweitstimme) in Saxony and second in Brandenburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Saxony-Anhalt, and Thuringia. That the AfD, a racist and xenophobic party that campaigns against European integration and immigration, should do so well in once-socialist states bespoke East Germany's strange resonances in German culture and memory nearly thirty years after its dissolution.
Militant Mothers: Gender and the Politics of Anticolonial Action in Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jacob Elizabeth
Published: October 2022

On 24 December 1949, two thousand women marched on the prison at Grand Bassam in protest of the detention of militants of the Parti Démocratique de Côte d'Ivoire (PDCI). Considered the first mass demonstration by West African women against French colonial rule, the march on Grand Bassam was a watershed moment in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement. Though party officials have framed women's activism as a political ‘awakening’, women's militancy was in keeping with longstanding practices of public motherhood, whereby women's status as caregivers — both biological and symbolic — authorized their moral interventions in community life. Maternal authority enabled a variety of powerful political tactics, yet in an Ivoirian anticolonial context dominated by elite negotiations, it also circumscribed women's activism. This article examines the women's march on Grand Bassam as a case study for understanding the possibilities and limits of women's participation in the Ivoirian anticolonial movement.
The Independence of Morocco's Competition Council
Authors: El Bazzim Rachid
Published: October 2022

Morocco's Competition Council has undergone major reform since 2011. New legislation has elevated the Council from its former role as a consultative authority to an independent, financially autonomous, decision-making authority. Despite these changes, however, many questions have been raised with regard to the Council's independence, and its duty to monitor and enforce free and fair competition, as well as the sufficiency of the guarantees concerning the statutory impartiality and powers that enable the Council to fulfil its mandate independently. The Council's independence merits discussion in the debate on the optimal implementation of a competition authority, as it is relevant to good governance and the rule of law. To regulate competition effectively, it is essential that the competition regulator remains independent. However, within a democratic framework, the Council's independence must be balanced by parliamentary accountability and budgetary control.
Low-temperature exposure has immediate and lasting effects on the stress tolerance, chemotaxis and proteome of entomopathogenic nematodes
Authors: Lillis Peter E. , Kennedy Ian P. , Carolan James C. , Griffin Christine T.
Published: October 2022

Temperature is one of the most important factors affecting soil organisms, including the infective stages of parasites and entomopathogenic nematodes, which are important biological control agents. We investigated the response of 2 species of entomopathogenic nematodes to different storage regimes: cold (9°C), culture temperature (20°C) and temperature swapped from 9 to 20°C. ForSteinernema carpocapsae, cold storage had profound effects on chemotaxis, stress tolerance and protein expression that were retained in temperature-swapped individuals. These effects included reversal of chemotactic response for 3 (prenol, methyl salicylate and hexanol) of the 4 chemicals tested, and enhanced tolerance to freezing (−10°C) and desiccation (75% RH). Label-free quantitative proteomics showed that cold storage induced widespread changes inS. carpocapsae, including an increase in heat-shock proteins and late embryogenesis abundant proteins. ForHeterorhabditis megidis, cold storage had a less dramatic effect on chemotaxis (as previously shown for proteomic expression) and changes were not maintained on return to 20°C. Thus, cold temperature exposure has significant effects on entomopathogenic nematodes, but the nature of the change depends on the species.Steinernema carpocapsae, in particular, displays significant plasticity, and its behaviour and stress tolerance may be manipulated by brief exposure to low temperatures, with implications for its use as a biological control agent.
Forming the imagination: Reading the Psalms with poets
Authors: Jones Ethan C.
Published: October 2022

Genre, parallelism and canonical shaping have long been important to Psalms studies. Scholarly advances on these fronts are easily observed. Instead of working the same ground once more, this article sets off on a different path. It aims to read Hebrew poetry, especially the Psalter, with poets. It intends to listen carefully to three influential voices: George Herbert (1593–1633), R. S. Thomas (1913–2000) and Malcolm Guite (1957–). These poets help shape our imagination and prepare us to read the Psalms as poetry. Specifically, this results in sounds, repetitions, the constraining and freeing possibilities of forms, and theological themes taking centre stage in experiencing the poetry of Psalms.
Childhood inhibition predicts adolescent social anxiety: Findings from a longitudinal twin study
Authors: Goldsmith H. Hill , Hilton Emily C. , Phan Jenny M. , Sarkisian Katherine L. , Carroll Ian C. , Lemery-Chalfant Kathryn , Planalp Elizabeth M.
Published: October 2022

An enduring issue in the study of mental health is identifying developmental processes that explain how childhood characteristics progress to maladaptive forms. We examine the role that behavioral inhibition (BI) has on social anxiety (SA) during adolescence in 868 families of twins assessed at ages 8, 13, and 15 years. Multimodal assessments of BI and SA were completed at each phase, with additional measures (e.g., parenting stress) for parents and twins. Analyses were conducted in several steps: first, we used a cross-lagged panel model to demonstrate bidirectional paths between BI and SA; second a biometric Cholesky decomposition showed that both genetic and environmental influences on childhood BI also affect adolescent SA; next, multilevel phenotypic models tested moderation effects between BI and SA. We tested seven potential moderators of the BI to SA prediction in individual models and included only those that emerged as significant in a final conditional model examining predictors of SA. Though several main effects emerged as significant, only parenting stress had a significant interaction with BI to predict SA, highlighting the importance of environmental moderators in models examining temperamental effects on later psychological symptoms. This comprehensive assessment continues to build the prototype for such developmental psychopathology models.
Genetic versus environmental influences on callous–unemotional traits in preadolescence: The role of parenting and parental psychopathology
Authors: Perlstein Samantha , Hawes Samuel , Vazquez Alexandra Y. , Pacheco-Colón Ileana , Lehman Sarah , Parent Justin , Byrd Amy , Waller Rebecca
Published: October 2022

Children with callous–unemotional (CU) traits are at risk for severe conduct problems. While CU traits are moderately heritable, parenting also predicts risk. However, few studies have investigated whether parenting factors (e.g., acceptance, conflict, parental psychopathology) moderate the etiology of CU traits, while accounting for gene–environment correlations. To address this knowledge gap, we used data from 772 twin pairs from the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development Study to test bivariate models that explored overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and child reports of their parenting environment. We also used gene-by-environment interaction models to test whether parenting moderated genetic versus environmental influences. There were no overlapping etiological influences on CU traits and parental acceptance, but modest genetic and non-shared environmental overlap between CU traits and family conflict. Parental acceptance and psychopathology moderated non-shared environmental influences, with stronger non-shared environmental influences on CU traits among children who experienced lower parental acceptance and greater parental psychopathology. Family conflict only moderated environmental influences when models did not covary for conduct problems. Parental acceptance and parental psychopathology may be specific environmental protective and risk factors for CU traits, whereas family conflict may represent a general environmental risk factor for both CU traits and conduct problems.
An algebraic representation of the fixed-point closure of *-continuous Kleene algebras – A categorical Chomsky–Schützenberger theorem
Authors: Leiß Hans
Published: October 2022

The family
${\mathcal{R}} X^*$
of regular subsets of the free monoid
$X^*$
generated by a finite set X is the standard example of a
${}^*$
-continuous Kleene algebra. Likewise, the family
${\mathcal{C}} X^*$
of context-free subsets of
$X^*$
is the standard example of a
$\mu$
-continuous Chomsky algebra, i.e. an idempotent semiring that is closed under a well-behaved least fixed-point operator
$\mu$
. For arbitrary monoids M,
${\mathcal{C}} M$
is the closure of
${\mathcal{R}}M$
as a
$\mu$
-continuous Chomsky algebra, more briefly, the fixed-point closure of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
. We provide an algebraic representation of
${\mathcal{C}} M$
in a suitable product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
with
$C_2'$
, a quotient of the regular sets over an alphabet
$\Delta_2$
of two pairs of bracket symbols. Namely,
${\mathcal{C}}M$
is isomorphic to the centralizer of
$C_2'$
in the product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
with
$C_2'$
, i.e. the set of those elements that commute with all elements of
$C_2'$
. This generalizes a well-known result of Chomsky and Schützenberger (1963, Computer Programming and Formal Systems, 118–161) and admits us to denote all context-free languages over finite sets
$X\subseteq M$
by regular expressions over
$X\cup\Delta_2$
interpreted in the product of
${\mathcal{R}} M$
and
$C_2'$
. More generally, for any
${}^*$
-continuous Kleene algebra K the fixed-point closure of K can be represented algebraically as the centralizer of
$C_2'$
in the product of K with
$C_2'$
.
The ever-existing “crisis” of the law of naval warfare
Authors: Fink Martin
Published: October 2022

Although the subject of law of naval warfare was first in modern treatymaking in international humanitarian law (IHL), further treatymaking efforts that comprehensively deal with all matters of the law of naval warfare never really took off. This particular part of IHL has always been primarily governed by custom. Scholarly calls for revision have not pressed States into further treatymaking efforts, which gives the law of naval warfare a semblance of being continuously in a state of crisis. Conveniently for States, the San Remo Manual solved a significant portion of this crisis, but perhaps too successfully, as it may have taken away incentives for States to further develop the law. While the law of the sea has been steadily growing as a – codified – legal regime and protective rules of IHL garnered much attention, the law of naval warfare seems somewhat forgotten and crumbling in its details.
Effects of uteroplacental insufficiency on cardiac development in growth-restricted newborn rats
Authors: Chou Hsiu-Chu , Chen Chung-Ming
Published: October 2022

Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is associated with reduced cardiac function in neonates. Uteroplacental insufficiency (UPI) is the most common cause of FGR. The mechanisms underlying these alterations remain unknown. We hypothesized that UPI would influence cardiac development in offspring rats. Through this study, we evaluated the effects of UPI during pregnancy on heart histology and pulmonary hypertension in growth-restricted newborn rats. On gestation Day 18, either UPI was induced through bilateral uterine vessel ligation (FGR group) or sham surgery (control group) was performed. The right middle lobe of the lung and the heart were harvested for histological and immunohistochemical evaluation on postnatal days 0 and 7. The FGR group exhibited significantly lower body weight, hypertrophy and degeneration of cardiomyocytes, increased intercellular spaces between the cardiomyocytes and collagen deposition, and decreased glycogen deposition and HNK-1 expression compared with the control group on postnatal days 0 and 7. These results suggest that neonates with FGR may have inadequate myocardial reserves, which may cause subsequent cardiovascular compromise in future life. Further studies are required to evaluate the hemodynamic changes in these growth-restricted neonates.
Mirror Mode Storms Observed by Solar Orbiter
Authors: Dimmock A. P. , Yordanova E. , Graham D. B. , Khotyaintsev Yu. V. , Blanco‐Cano X. , Kajdič P. , Karlsson T. , Fedorov A. , Owen C. J. , Werner E. A. L. E. , Johlander A.
Published: October 2022

Mirror modes (MMs) are ubiquitous in space plasma and grow from pressure anisotropy. Together with other instabilities, they play a fundamental role in constraining the free energy contained in the plasma. This study focuses on MMs observed in the solar wind by Solar Orbiter (SolO) for heliocentric distances between 0.5 and 1 AU. Typically, MMs have timescales from several to tens of seconds and are considered quasi‐MHD structures. In the solar wind, they also generally appear as isolated structures. However, in certain conditions, prolonged and bursty trains of higher frequency MMs are measured, which have been labeled previously as MM storms. At present, only a handful of existing studies have focused on MM storms, meaning that many open questions remain. In this study, SolO has been used to investigate several key aspects of MM storms: their dependence on heliocentric distance, association with local plasma properties, temporal/spatial scale, amplitude, and connections with larger‐scale solar wind transients. The main results are that MM storms often approach local ion scales and can no longer be treated as quasi‐magnetohydrodynamic, thus breaking the commonly used long‐wavelength assumption. They are typically observed close to current sheets and downstream of interplanetary shocks. The events were observed during slow solar wind speeds and there was a tendency for higher occurrence closer to the Sun. The occurrence is low, so they do not play a fundamental role in regulating ambient solar wind but may play a larger role inside transients.