bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Intracanal Formulations Containing Doxycycline or Chlorhexidine Against Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , da Silva Ana Rita Marques , Santos Elizabete Brasil dos , Santos Fábio André dos , Farago Paulo Vitor , Gomes João Carlos , Pina-Vaz Irene , Carvalho Manuel Fontes
Published: July 2019

The present study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of two new intracanal preparations against E. faecalis. Thirty single-rooted human canine teeth were used. The crowns were removed and the roots were instrumented using a conventional technique. Three groups of ten teeth each were infected with 108 CFU/ ml of E. faecalis for 21 days. The root canals were filled with new intracanal medications containing 3% doxycycline hydrochloride (DX) or 2% chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX). Ten teeth received no medication (NM)-negative control. Microbial samples were obtained 21 days after contamination: 14 days under the effect of the intracanal medications and 7 days after replacing the medications by BHI broth. The samples were homogenized, diluted, seeded on BHI agar and incubated for 48h/36°C. The number of colony forming units (CFU/ml) was obtained and analyzed statistically. All intracanal dressings significantly reduced the number of bacterial cells in the root canal after 14 days with medication. After the period with 7 days with BHI broth, the CFU counts of E. faecalis remained at low values. However, the NM group showed a significant increase of CFU in this period to similar values of the initial contamination. 3% doxycycline hydrochloride gel and 2% CHX gel were effective to eliminate E. faecalis from the root canal system.

How to cite this article

da Silva ARM, Pinto SCS, dos Santos EB, dos Santos FA, Farago PV, Gomes JC, Pina-Vaz I, Carvalho MF. New Intracanal Formulations Containing Doxycycline or Chlorhexidine Against Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):61-65.
The Effect of Mechanical Loading on the Cusp Deflection of Premolars Restored with Direct and Indirect Techniques
Authors: Sobrinho Lourenço Correr , Zamboni Sandra Costa , Nogueira Lafayette , Bottino Marco Antonio , Valandro Luiz Felipe
Published: July 2019

Aim

This study assessed the effect of fatigue load cycling on human premolars restored with MOD restorations (direct and indirect approaches) on cuspal deflection, compared to intact teeth (unprepared) and unrestored teeth with an inlay preparation.

Materials and methods

MOD inlay preparations were performed on sixty premolars with their roots embedded in acrylic resin. These teeth were divided into six groups (n = 10): (1) intact teeth; (2) unrestored and prepared teeth; (3) teeth restored with direct composite resin; (4) teeth restored with an indirect composite resin; (5) teeth restored with injected ceramic inlays (IPS Empress 2 (Ivoclar); (6) teeth restored with CAD/CAM inlays made of feldspathic ceramic (Vita Mark II). All of the indirect restorations were adhesively cemented. Strain-gauges were bonded to the buccal and lingual surfaces of the specimens. Compressive axial loading of 100N was applied on the occlusal face of the specimens to measure the cuspal deflection (microstrain) under compressive loading. These measurements were obtained before and after mechanical cycling (1 Hz, 37°C, 100,000x).

Results

Comparing the results obtained before and after fatiguing, the cuspal deflection increased only in the CAD/CAM approach. The prepared tooth group had the highest cuspal deflection, before and after mechanical cycling.

Conclusion

the evaluated restoring approaches decrease the cuspal deflection, consequently appear to improve the cuspal reinforcement.

How to cite this article

Zamboni SC, Nogueira L, Bottino MA, Sobrinho LC, Valandro LF. Effect of Mechanical Loading on the Cusp Deflection of Premolars Restored with Direct and Indirect Techniques. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(1):75-81.
Effect of Repeated Firings on Microtensile Bond Strength of Bi-layered Lithium Disilicate Ceramics (e.max CAD and e.max Press)
Authors: Jalali Hamid , Bahrani Zeinab , Zeighami Somayeh
Published: July 2019

Aim

To achieve acceptable contour, color, esthetics, and occlusal relations, the porcelain may be subjected to several firing cycles. This study sought to assess the effect of multiple firing cycles on the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) of lithium disilicate-based ceramics (e.max Press, e.max CAD).

Materials and methods

IPS e.max computer aided design (CAD) cores were fabricated using CAD/(Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM)) technology, and IPS e.max Press cores were fabricated using the heat-pressing technique (12 × 12 × 4 mm3). Cores in each group were divided into three subgroups based on the number of firing cycles (three, five, and seven cycles). After porcelain application, the samples were sectioned into microbars and a total of 20 sound microbars in each group were subjected to tensile load in a microtensile tester at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/minute. Microtensile bond strength of the core to the veneering porcelain was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Pairwise comparisons were made using the Tukey's test (p < 0.05).

Results

In the e.max CAD, the mean MTBS values were 22.07 ± 6.63, 34.68 ± 7.07, and 26.05 ± 10.29 MPa following three, five, and seven firing cycles respectively. These values for the e.max Press were 34.46 ± 9.28, 23.09 ± 5.02, and 31.26 ± 12.25 MPa respectively. There was significant difference in bond strength of e.max CAD (p < 0.003) and e.max Press (p < 0.002) based on the number of firing cycles.

Conclusion

Increasing the number of porcelain firing cycles decreased the bond strength of the core to the veneering porcelain in both ceramics.

Clinical significance

It is better to decrease the number of firing cycle as much as possible.

How to cite this article

Jalali H, Bahrani Z, Zeighami S. Effect of Repeated Firings on Microtensile Bond Strength of Bi-layered Lithium Disilicate Ceramics (e.max CAD and e.max Press). J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):530-535.
Evaluation of Inflammatory Response to Endodontic Sealers in a Bone Defect Animal Model
Authors: Scelza Miriam Z , Campos Carlos AM , Scelza Pantaleo , Adeodato Caroline SR , Barbosa Igor B , de Noronha Fernando , Montalli Victor , Napimoga Marcelo , de Araújo,1 Vera C , Alves Gutemberg G
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory response to MTA Fillapex, AH Plus, and Pulp Canal Sealer Extensive Work Time (EWT), in a murine bone defect grafting model.

Materials and methods

Bilateral mandibular critical defects were produced in 45 Wistar rats with a trephine bur#2 and filled with the endodontic sealers. After 7, 14, and 28 days, the rats were euthanized and their jaws were histologically prepared.

Results

For the 7-day group, no statistical significance was observed among all studied groups (p > 0.05), and high levels of inflammatory infiltrate were detected. After 14 and 28 days, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT showed statistically lower inflammatory response in comparison to other sealers (p < 0.05) except for the control group (no sealers).

Conclusion

Pulp Canal Sealer EWT presented the lowest levels of inflammatory response. The critical defect grafting model was an effective method to detect differences among differences on the biological response to endodontic sealers.

Clinical significance

Knowing the biocompatibility of endodontics sealers that will be used in filling the root canal.

How to cite this article

Scelza MZ, Campos CAM, Scelza P, Adeodato CSR, Barbosa IB, de Noronha F, Montalli V, Napimoga M, de Araújo VC, Alves GG. Evaluation of Inflammatory Response to Endodontic Sealers in a Bone Defect Animal Model. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):536-541.
Evaluation of Different Bracket's Resistance to Torsional Forces from Archwire
Authors: Khanapure Chaitanya C , Ayesha Salika , Kumar VJ Anil , Deepika C , Ahmed Haseena
Published: July 2019

Aim

The present study was aimed to evaluate the resistance to deformation or fracture of brackets of various materials (ceramic, ceramic reinforced with metal slot, and stainless steel brackets) with archwires during application of torque.

Materials and methods

The sample size included 30 brackets of maxillary right central incisor with slot dimension of 0.022 × 0.028ʺ and made of three materials (10 of each type): (1) Ceramic brackets (cer), (2) ceramic brackets reinforced with stainless steel slot (cer/ss), and (3) stainless steel brackets (metal). Thirty stainless steel archwire segments of 0.019 × 0.025ʺ SS 5 cm in length were used. Elastomeric ties were also used in this study.

Results

Highest to lowest deformation or fracture torque found is as follows: Stainless steel brackets (5713.2 gfmm), metal ceramic reinforced with metal slot brackets (4080.8 gfmm), and ceramic brackets (3476 gfmm).

Conclusion

Stainless steel brackets showed significantly higher values of torsional load than ceramic brackets reinforced with metal slot and ceramic brackets.

Clinical significance

Clinically orthodontic treatment is based on specific force applications to the dentition, the maxilla and the mandible. In order to obtain these forces, orthodontic brackets are attached to the teeth. Most commonly used brackets are metal (stainless steel), ceramic, and combination of metal reinforced ceramic brackets. For successful orthodontic treatment, it is necessary to maintain proper torque and avoid torque loss. Torque loss leads to deepening of bite. Torque loss occurs due to many reasons, one of them being bracket failure to withstand applied torque.

How to cite this article

Khanapure CC, Ayesha S, Sam G, Kumar VJA, Deepika C, Ahmed H. Evaluation of Different Bracket's Resistance to Torsional Forces from Archwire. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):564-567.
In vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2% Carbonic Acid and 2% Acetic Acid on Retrieval of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and their Effect on Microhardness of Dentin
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Abraham Sathish , Kamble Aradhana B , Satpute Archana , Chaudhari Salil , Ladhe Pushpak
Published: July 2019

Introduction

In this in vitro study, the efficacy of 2% carbonic acid and 2% acetic acid on the surface, microhardness of white mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and dentin after 1 day of setting and 21 days of setting of MTA is measured.

Materials and methods

Tooth molds were made using 60 single-rooted premolars by slicing them to 4 mm in the mid-root region. White MTA (Angelus) was mixed and packed in the molds. Three experimental groups were formed and exposed to 2% carbonic acid, 2% acetic acid, and saline for 10 minutes on 1 and 21 days of setting respectively. Vickers hardness test of white MTA and dentin was done before and after exposure. Data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests.

Results

The results show that 2% acetic acid was significantly effective in reducing the microhardness of white MTA compared to 2% carbonic acid and saline on exposure for 10 minutes.

Conclusion

The results of the present study indicate that 2% acetic acid has maximum efficacy in reducing the surface microhardness of partial and completely set MTA, followed by 2% carbonic acid.

Clinical significance

The following study will help find an adjunct for retrieval of MTA, which was found difficult with the existing methods.

How to cite this article

Abraham S, Kamble AB, Gupta P, Satpute A, Chaudhari S, Ladhe P. In vitro Evaluation of the Efficacy of 2% Carbonic Acid and 2% Acetic Acid on Retrieval of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate and their Effect on Microhardness of Dentin. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):568-573.
Molar Incisor Hypomineralization
Authors: Patel Nikunj , Rao Murali H , Aluru Srikanth C , Bandlapalli Anila
Published: July 2019

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a developmental defect affecting teeth. High prevalence rates of MIH and its clinical implications are significant for both the patients and clinicians. A wide variation in defect prevalence (2.4–40.2%) is reported. It seems to differ with regions and various birth cohorts. Some of the recent prevalence studies are tabulated.

Patient implications include hypersensitive teeth, rapid progression of caries, mastication impairment due to rapid attrition, and esthetic repercussions. Implications for clinicians include complexity in treatment planning and treatment implementation, poor prognosis of the restorations, difficulty in achieving pain control during treatment, and behavior management problems. Intention of this paper is to review the etio-pathogenesis, prevalence, clinical features, diagnostic features, and eventually present a sequential treatment approach, i.e., in accordance with current clinical practice guidelines.

How to cite this article

Rao MH, Aluru SC, Jayam C, Bandlapalli A, Patel N. Molar Incisor Hypomineralization. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(7):609-613.
Catalogue of Interactive Learning Objectives to improve an Integrated Medical and Dental Curriculum
Authors: Mahmoodi Benjamin , Sagheb K , Sagheb Ka , Schulz P , Willershausen B , Al-Nawas B , Walter C
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Online learning media are increasingly being incorporated into medical and dental education. However, the coordination between obligatory and facultative teaching domains still remains unsatisfying. The Catalogue of Interactive Learning Objectives of the University Clinic of Mainz (ILKUM), aims to offer knowledge transfer for students while being mindful of their individual qualifications. Its hierarchical structure is designed according to the Association for Dental Education in Europe (ADEE) levels of competence.

Materials and methods

The ILKUM was designed to establish a stronger interconnection between already existing and prospective learning strategies. All contents are linked to the current lectures as well as to e-learning modules, e.g., clinical case studies and OR videos. Students can conduct self-examinations regarding specific learning objectives. Since 2007, ILKUM has been developed and analyzed regarding its acceptance among dental students.

Results

These improved e-learning techniques foster time and location-independent access to study materials and allow an estimation of the knowledge achieved by students. Surveys of our students clearly show a large demand for upgrading ILKUM content (89%; n = 172) with integrated self-testing (89%; n = 174). In parallel to the advancement of our e-learning offering, a portion of internet-based learning is constantly rising among students.

Conclusion

The broad acceptance and demand for the development of ILKUM show its potential. Moreover, ILKUM grants fast, topic-oriented querying of learning content without time and locale limitations as well as direct determination of the individually needed knowledge conditions.

Clinical significance

The long-term goal of the ILKUM project is to be a sustainable, important additional modality of teaching and training for dental and medical students.

How to cite this article

Mahmoodi B, Sagheb K, Sagheb K, Schulz P, Willershausen B, Al-Nawas B, Walter C. Catalogue of Interactive Learning Objectives to improve an Integrated Medical and Dental Curriculum. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):965-968.
Patterns of Restorative Failure among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey
Authors: Bhandi Shilpa H , Sayed Mohammed E , Bosly Razan A , Hakami Huda A , Mugri Maryam H
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The effect of Khat and Shammah habits, with the parafunctional jaw activities that accompany them, on the integrity of the natural dentition, dental restorations, and prostheses has not yet been investigated. This study is the first attempt to identify the patterns of restorative failure among Khat chewers and Shammah users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in 294 recruits among dental clinics in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, from October 1, 2015, to April 30, 2016. The patients were surveyed and examined to identify the type of restorations/prosthesis they had and their failures. Bivariate analysis was conducted to investigate the association of the restorative failure with the demographic variables. General linear model was performed to investigate the association between restorations/prostheses failure and Khat/Shammah use with the controlling factors of age and gender as independent variables.

Results

Khat/Shammah use was statistically significantly associated with restorative failure (p < 0.05) relative to amalgam, composite, crowns, fixed partial dentures, removable partial dentures, and complete dentures. In addition, a significant association of restorative failure was observed with gender, education, and brushing.

Conclusion

Consumption of Khat/Shammah may be attributed as one of the reasons associated with restorative failure among the Saudi population.

How to cite this article

Sayed ME, Bosly RA, Hakami HA, Mugri MH, Bhandi SH. Patterns of Restorative Failure among Khat and Shammah Users in Jazan City, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Cross-sectional Survey. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(3):234-240.
Implantable Collamer Lens for Correction of Refractive Errors in Patients with Keratoconus following Collagen Cross-Linking: One Year Follow-up
Authors: Shuber Hassenien Safa
Published: July 2019

Objective

The purpose of this study is to assess the predictability, safety, efficacy and stability of correction of refractive errors in patients with keratoconus using Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) following collagen cross-linking.

Materials and methods

This prospective, non-comparative study evaluated 20 eyes of 14 patients with keratoconus subjected to implantation of intraocular collamer lens at least 1 year following collagen cross-linking and stable refraction. Mean preoperative myopia was −8.43 ± 5.13 Diopters (D) (–3.5 to −20.0D and mean cylinder was −2.19 ± 1.28D (0.0 to −4.5D). The preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −9.52 ± 5.33D (–3.75 to −21.25D). During the 12 months follow-up, uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure and vaulting are measured.

Results

At 12 months postoperatively, 90% of eye had refractive cylinder of <1.0D with (p = 0.003) and 20 (100%) eyes was within ±0.75D of sphere at 1 year (r2 = 0.99) and (p = 0.0085). The mean postoperative BCVA in decimal was 0.498 ± 0.232, while the mean preoperative BCVA was 0.484 ± 0.285. The safety index at 12 months was 1.02. The mean postoperative UCVA in decimal was 0.498 ± 0.232 and the mean preoperative BCVA is 0.484 ± 0.29 and the efficacy index at 12 months was 1.01.

Conclusion

Implantation of Visian Intraocular collamer lens is predictable, safe and effective way to correct refractive error in patients with keratoconus following collagen cross-linking.

How to cite this article

Shuber HS. Implantable Collamer Lens for Correction of Refractive Errors in Patients with Keratoconus following Collagen Cross-Linking: One Year Follow-up. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):29-35.
Biomechanics of the Cornea
Authors: Daxer Albert
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this article is to provide an applicable and easy-to-use mathematical model of the biomechanics of the cornea. The new spherical dome model considers not only the heterogeneity of the tunica of the eye and distinguishes structurally between cornea, limbus and sclera. It also implements the structural anisotropy inside the corneal stroma caused by the corneas lamellar structure as well as the asphericity of the corneal shape.

How to cite this article

Daxer A. Biomechanics of the Cornea. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):57-62.
Wavefront Analysis for Keratoconus
Authors: Castillo Jamyl Habib , Hanna Rana , Berkowitz Eran , Tiosano Beatrice
Published: July 2019

Keratoconus is the most common primary corneal ectasia, involving a thinning of the central cornea, leading to irregular corneal astigmatism. Wavefront analysis is an evolving field in the area of corneal surgery, initially designed for laser refractive treatments, but today is growing in importance and application in the diagnosis and treatment of corneal disorders such as keratoconus. In this article we will review the theoretical background of high order aberrations and the wavefront analysis as a tool for the diagnosis of keratoconus.

How to cite this article

Castillo JH, Hanna R, Berkowitz E, Tiosano B. Wavefront Analysis for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(2):76-83.
Surgical Correction of an Inverse Astigmatic Keratotomy following Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Patient with Keratoconus
Authors: Abbondanza Marco , Abbondanza Gabriele
Published: July 2019

Astigmatic keratotomy (AK) is a common and safe procedure to correct post-penetrating keratoplasty (PKP) astigmatism in patients affected by keratoconus (KC). We report the case of a post-PKP AK that was performed inversely by mistake in a private practice. A new AK was performed by our practice in order to correct the remarkably high astigmatism (19 D) that was created with the previous inverse procedure. Fourteen months later, astigmatism had decreased by 12.9 D and central corneal thickness had increased by 35 µm.

How to cite this article

Abbondanza M, Abbondanza G. Surgical Correction of an Inverse Astigmatic Keratotomy following Penetrating Keratoplasty in a Patient with Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):107-109.
Anterior Uveitis after Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Rootman David S , Goldich Yakov , Elbaz Uri
Published: July 2019

This report describes a case of severe intraocular inflammation followed after CXL with UVA and riboflavin treatment for progressive keratoconus.

How to cite this article

Goldich Y, Elbaz U, Rootman DS. Anterior Uveitis after Collagen Cross-linking for Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2015;4(3):110-114.
Corneal Deformation Response with Dynamic Ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug Imaging for Detecting Ectatic Corneas
Authors: Ramos Isaac , Salomão Marcella Q , Correia Fernando F
Published: July 2019

Purpose

To test the ability of metrics derived from corneal response to noncontact tonometry (NCT) to distinguish between normal and ectatic cases.

Materials and methods

The prototype of CorVis ST (Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) was used for assessing corneal biomechanical response using ultra-high-speed 8 mm horizontal Scheimpflug photography, taking 4,330 frames per second during NCT. Patients were stratified based on clinical data, including rotating Scheimpflug corneal tomography (Oculus Pentacam HR). Biomechanical data from one eye randomly selected of 177 patients with normal corneas (N) and from 79 patients with bilateral keratoconus (KC) were investigated. Group forme fruste keratoconus (FFKC) was composed of 20 eyes with normal topographic patterns from cases with ectasia detected in the fellow eye. Group keratoconus suspect (KCS) had 16 eyes from 16 patients with topographic patterns suspicious of KC but documented stability over 3 years and normal tomographic findings. A combination of deformation parameters using linear regression analysis (Prototype Factor 1, pF1) was created by the BrAIn (Brazilian Artificial Intelligence on Corneal Tomography and Biomechanics) study group in order to provide the best possible separation of KC and normals.

Results

Statistical significant differences were found for N × KC for several parameters, including first and second applanation times, deformation amplitude, and maximal concavity radius (Mann–Whitney, p < 0.001). However, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) were lower than 0.90. The pF1 had AUC of 0.945 (IC 0.909–0.97; sensitivity = 87.3% and specificity = 89.3%). The pF1 had statistically significant differences between the ectatic (KC and FFKC) and nonectatic groups (N and KCS) (p < 0.05, Kruskall–Wallis Test with post hoc Dunn's test).

Conclusion

Corneal deformation response analysis by ultra- high-speed 8 mm horizontal Scheimpflug photography provides relevant data for distinguishing ectatic and nonectatic corneas but cannot be used independently to detect KC. This data may be integrated with corneal tomography data for enhancing sensitivity and specificity for screening ectasia.

How to cite this article

Salomão MQ, Correia FF, Ramos I, Luz A, Ambrósio R Jr. Corneal Deformation Response with Dynamic Ultra-high-speed Scheimpflug Imaging for Detecting Ectatic Corneas. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):1-5.
Progression in Keratoconus
Authors: Vinciguerra Paolo , Piscopo Raffaele , Camesasca Fabrizio , Vinciguerra Riccardo
Published: July 2019

The study of keratoconus progression was once based upon slitlamp study, keratometry, and placido disk image examination. Today we have a lot of new corneal devices and indexes wich can help the ophthalmologist to make earlier the diagnosis and also to recognize as much is possible a progressive keratoconus. Only a deep knowledge of the meaning of all these indexes and values, together with the ability to interlock one another, increases reliability in the evaluation of Corneal Ectasia. Some pratical instructions are provided to help the early diagnosis of progressive Keratoconus.

How to cite this article

Vinciguerra P, Piscopo R, Camesasca F, Vinciguerra R. Progression in Keratoconus. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2016;5(1):21-31.
Estimation of Age from Symphyseal Surface of Cadaveric Pubic Bones of Northwest Indian Male Adults
Authors: Singh Harinder , Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Kaur Harjeet , Sahni Daisy , Sodhi Lavina , Chawla Kunal
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Age estimation of dead persons of unknown age and identity from skeletal remains has an important role in legal and forensic investigations. Due to their relatively better ability to withstand the impact of physical forces and agents, the skeletal remains of human mortals provide us with wealth of information in the form of preserved morphological patterns or markings on bones. Out of all bones, morphological features on pubic bones are by far the best indicators. A large-scale study on pubic bones was conducted by a famous anatomist, Todd, in 1920, and since then his method is being followed for the assessment of age.

Materials and methods

Cadaveric pubic bones of 204 Northwest Indian adult males aged 18 to 61 years were taken for the study from the archive collection in museum of anatomy. Sixteen morphological features on the symphyseal surface of pubic bones were noted and arranged in 10 phases according to Todd's (1920) method. Frequency of these features present in each phase was calculated. Linear regression analysis was applied to obtain an equation for estimation of age from a pubic bone of an unknown deceased individual.

Results

It was seen that frequency of most morphological features of the pubic bones in the present study age groups (phases) was 100%, i.e., similar to those in Todd's study. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.9, p < 0.001) between the actual age of the pubic bone and age estimated by linear regression equation. Conclusion: Despite numerous improved methods, Todd's method remains the most useful method for determination of age. Appearance of morphological features on the symphyseal surface of pubic bones in the present study were similar to most phases of Todd's study. Thus, Todd's method can be successfully applied for the estimation of age in Northwest Indian adult male population.

How to cite this article

Sodhi L, Singh H, Sahni D, Gupta T, Aggarwal A, Chawla K, Kaur H. Estimation of Age from Symphyseal Surface of Cadaveric Pubic Bones of Northwest Indian Male Adults. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):176-180.
Fusidic Acid Ointment in Treatment of Recurrent Epistaxis in Children
Authors: Sharma Manoj , Khandelwal Gaurav , Pathak Sunit
Published: July 2019

Aim

To establish fusidic acid ointment in the treatment of recurrent epistaxis in children as a local antiseptic.

Materials and methods

It was a retrospective study and a total of 184 pediatric patients’ data were analyzed. Ninety-seven patients were found to be fitting in selection criteria. The time of presentation, number of episodes, treatment received, and follow-ups were noted. Results were confirmed over the phone.

Results

Ninety-five patients had simple bleed and were managed on outpatient treatment with fusidic acid ointment and saline nasal drops, while two required admission and underwent electrocautery of offending vessel. Out of the 95 patients, 10 had initial failure of treatment in the 1st month, but with continued treatment were subsequently treated. Fifteen of these 95 had episodes in the next season. The incidence of bleeding was more in summers than winters in children.

Conclusion

Fusidic acid ointments are safe and effective in the treatment of recurrent epistaxis in children. Clinical significance: The effectivity of fusidic acid in epistaxis has never been studied. This study can establish it as an antiseptic ointment in the treatment of recurrent epistaxis.

How to cite this article

Khandelwal G, Pathak S, Sharma M. Fusidic Acid Ointment in Treatment of Recurrent Epistaxis in Children. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2016;50(4):194-196.
Damage Control Surgery for the Management of Major Obstetric Hemorrhage: Experience from the Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia
Authors: Ordóñez Carlos A , Nieto Albaro J , Carvajal Javier A , Burgos Juan M , Messa Adriana , Forero Angélica M , Casallas José D , Thomas Laura S , Escobar María F
Published: July 2019

Objective

The aim of this case series is to describe the experience of implementing damage control resuscitation (DCR) in patients with major obstetric hemorrhage (MOH) between January 2005 and December 2015 in the Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective descriptive study of a case series from 108 patients with MOH who were subjected to DCR. All patients were operated on using a standardized surgical technique in accordance with the institutional protocol.

Results

The median age was 28 years, with a gestational age of 38 weeks. The principal associated diagnosis was severe preeclampsia (in 39% of cases). A total of 96 patients presented massive postpartum hemorrhage, and 75% of these cases presented after a cesarean section. In all patients, normal control of bleeding was achieved, 60% during the first surgical period. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score was 14, with an overall mortality of 6.48%, far below the expected mortality according to the clinical severity of these patients.

Conclusion

This study includes the biggest series of pregnant women with MOH, in a critical condition, in whom DCR was used, during which rapid control of bleeding was achieved, associated with a significantly lower mortality than expected.

How to cite this article

Escobar MF, Carvajal JA, Burgos JM, Messa A, Ordoñez CA, García AF, Granados M, Forero AM, Casallas JD, Thomas LS, Nieto AJ. Damage Control Surgery for the Management of Major Obstetric Hemorrhage: Experience from the Fundación Valle Del Lili, Cali, Colombia. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):1-7.
Congenital Scoliosis
Authors: Jasani Vinay
Published: July 2019

Congenital scoliosis is a scoliosis that occurs as a result of bony abnormalities that arise between 4 to 16 weeks of gestation. There are genetic and environmental factors involved in etiology. The majority of congenital vertebral anomalies are in the thoracic spine (64%).

The patients often have associated skeletal anomalies and can also be part of a syndrome. Skeletal, cardiac, genitourinary intraspinal abnormalities are most commonly found in association with congenital scoliosis.

The natural history seems to be related to the morphology of the bony the site in the spine, and the patient's age. Congenital scoliosis usually progresses and often requires intervention. The aim of intervention is to achieve a flexible and balanced spine with normal truncal height and space available for lung ratio. Early intervention for scoliosis seems to be instrumental in trying to achieve these goals.

How to cite this article

Jasani V. Congenital Scoliosis. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(2):95-102.
Retropharyngeal Chordoma: Uncommon Tumor at Uncommon Site
Authors: Khandelwal Niranjan , Vyas Sameer , Prabhakar Anuj , Salunke Praveen
Published: July 2019

Retropharyngeal space is a rare site of occurrence of chordomas. We present two cases of retropharyngeal chordoma with their imaging features. A brief review of the chordomas is discussed along with role of imaging in extraosseous chordomas.

How to cite this article

Vyas S, Prabhakar A, Salunke P, Khandelwal N. Retropharyngeal Chordoma: Uncommon Tumor at Uncommon Site. J Postgrad Med Edu Res 2017;51(3):137-139.
Review: Fetal Programming of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome by Androgen Excess — Evidence from Experimental, Clinical and Genetic Association Studies
Authors: Xita N , Tsatsoulis A
Published: July 2019

Objective

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder of premenopausal women, characterized by hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovaries, and chronic anovulation along with insulin resistance and abdominal obesity as frequent metabolic traits. Although, PCOS manifests clinically during adolescence, emerging data suggest that the natural history of PCOS may originate in intrauterine life.

Evidence Acquisition

Evidence from experimental, clinical, and genetic research supporting the hypothesis for the fetal origins of PCOS has been analyzed.

Evidence Synthesis

Female primates, exposed in utero to androgen excess, exhibit the phenotypic features of PCOS during adult life. Clinical observations also support a potential fetal origin of PCOS. Women with fetal androgen excess disorders, including congenital 21-hydroxylase deficiency and congenital adrenal virilizing tumors, develop features characteristic of PCOS during adulthood despite the normalization of androgen excess after birth. The potential mechanisms of fetal androgen excess leading to a PCOS phenotype in humans are not clearly understood. However, maternal and/or fetal hyperandrogenism can provide a plausible mechanism for fetal programming of PCOS, and this, in part, may be genetically determined. Thus, genetic association studies have indicated that common polymorphic variants of genes determining androgen activity or genes that influence the availability of androgens to target tissues are associated with PCOS and increased androgen levels. These genomic variants may provide the genetic link to prenatal androgenization in human PCOS.

Conclusion

Prenatal androgenization of the female fetus induced by genetic and environmental factors, or the interaction of both, may program differentiating target tissues toward the development of PCOS phenotype in adult life.
Oral Presentation V
Authors: Lee Jandee , Choi Jung Bum , Lee SeulGi , Kim Min Jhi , Kim Tae Hyung , Ban Eun Jeong , Lee Cho Rok , Kang Sang-Wook , Jeong Jong Ju , Nam Kee-Hyun , Chung Woong Youn , Park Cheong Soo
Published: July 2019

BACKGROUND AND AIMS

Some recent guidelines recommend unilateral thyroidectomy for low-risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) sized > 1 and < 4 cm. The present study was designed to evaluate the proper extent of thyroidectomy for patients who have DTC sized > 1 and < 4 cm.

METHODS

From April 1967 to December 2011, a total of 16,065 DTC patients underwent thyroidectomy at Yonsei University Hospital. Among them, 5,427 (33.7%) patients were classified as having DTC > 1 and < 4 cm and were enrolled in this study. Clinicopathologic features and prognostic results (disease-free and disease-specific survival rates) were analyzed by retrospective medical chart review. The mean follow-up duration was 57.3 ± 58.1 months.

RESULTS

In the subtypes of tumors, papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) was the most common cancer (96.9%) and follicular and poorly differentiated carcinoma comprised 2.7 and 0.1% respectively. The mean tumor size was 1.84 ± 0.74 cm. Patients had extrathyroidal extension (69.3%), multiplicity (35.0%), bilaterality (26.3%), central lymph node metastasis (35.8%), and lateral neck node metastases (20.2%). Of a total of 5,427 patients, 4,353 (80.2%) underwent total thyroidectomy and 1,043 (19.2%) patients underwent less- than-total thyroidectomy. The recurrence rates in total thyroidectomic and less-than-total thyroidectomic groups were 3.9 and 10.0% respectively. The less-than-total thyroidectomic group showed lower disease-free survival (DFS) rate (p= 0.039) and higher disease-specific survival (DSS) (p = 0.035) rate compared with the total thyroidectomic group. In multivariate analysis for DFS, tumor size, N stage, and the extent of thyroidectomy were independent risk factors. In multivariate analysis for DSS, age, gender, tumor size, and N and M stage were independent risk factors.

CONCLUSION

In patients with tumor size > 1 and ≤ 4 cm, total thyroidectomy was beneficial in reducing recurrence. However, our study confirmed that risk factors for DSS were not the extent of thyroidectomy but traditional prognostic factors, such as older age, male sex, large tumor size, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis.
New Splint for Orthognathic Surgery
Authors: Shekar SE , Ranganath K , Gunasheela B , Supriya N
Published: July 2019

A case of skeletal class III malocclusion treated by both orthodontics and orthognathic surgery is presented. In this case, body osteotomy has been done so as to maintain the natural integrity of the posterior part of stomatognathic system, including the TMJ. A new splint was designed to position and align the sectioned mandibular segments so as to assist in easy fixation and obtain proper occlusion. The postsurgical orthodontic treatment was minimal and no relapse was observed even after 1 year follow-up.
A 5-Year Follow-up of an Implant Placed in a Patient with Generalized Aggressive Periodontitis
Authors: Praveen J , Dwarakanath CD , Shankar Sidharth , Bai Lakshmi
Published: July 2019

The placement of implants in patients with aggressive periodontitis has always been questioned. The presence of highly pathogenic bacteria, severe periodontal bone destruction and the refractory nature of this disease tends to deter the clinician from placing implants in these patients. With good patient compliance and regular maintenance, the placement of implants in these patients becomes a viable treatment option. The following is a report of an implant placed in one such patient and successfully followed up over a period of 5 years.
Patients’ Attitude to Rubber Dam: A Short-term Study
Authors: Murthy BV Sreenivasa , George John V , Vedavathi B
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Rubber dam is essential for effective isolation of the root canal and operating field from salivary bacteria as well as protection of the airway. Rubber dam is easy to apply once the basic components and principles are understood. The most common reasons for not using rubber dam for a procedure were patients inconvenience and belief that it is unnecessary. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the patients attitude to rubber dam after educating them about the use and benefits of rubber dam.

Materials and methods

A questionnaire containing 11 questions was circulated to 20 male and 20 female patients undergoing root canal treatment after explaining about the rubber dam. Information sought included attitude toward the current and anticipated use of rubber dam for a variety of endodontic treatments.

Results

A total of 24 patients out of 40 said that they had a pleasant experience and preferred its use next time. Around 30 patients felt that the use of rubber dam benefits both patient and the doctor.

Conclusion

There was not much of a difference in patient's attitude to rubber dam and mean application time. Those who had a good current experience preferred rubber dam use next time also.
H2SO4 and particle production in a photolytic flow reactor: chemical modeling, cluster thermodynamics and contamination issues
Authors: Hanson David R. , Abdullahi Hussein , Menheer Seakh , Vences Joaquin , Alves Michael R. , Kunz Joan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Size distributions of particles formed from sulfuric acid
(H2SO4) and water vapor in a photolytic flow reactor (PhoFR) were
measured with a nanoparticle mobility sizing system. Experiments with added
ammonia and dimethylamine were also performed. H2SO4(g) was
synthesized from HONO, sulfur dioxide and water vapor, initiating OH
oxidation by HONO photolysis. Experiments were performed at 296 K over a
range of sulfuric acid production levels and for 16 % to 82 % relative
humidity. Measured distributions generally had a large-particle mode that
was roughly lognormal; mean diameters ranged from 3 to 12 nm and widths
(lnσ) were ∼0.3. Particle formation conditions were
stable over many months. Addition of single-digit pmol mol−1 mixing ratios of
dimethylamine led to very large increases in particle number density.
Particles produced with ammonia, even at 2000 pmol mol−1, showed that NH3
is a much less effective nucleator than dimethylamine. A two-dimensional
simulation of particle formation in PhoFR is also presented that starts with
gas-phase photolytic production of H2SO4, followed by kinetic
formation of molecular clusters and their decomposition, which is determined by their
thermodynamics. Comparisons with model predictions of the experimental
result's dependency on HONO and water vapor concentrations yield
phenomenological cluster thermodynamics and help delineate the effects of
potential contaminants. The added-base simulations and experimental results
provide support for previously published dimethylamine–H2SO4
cluster thermodynamics and provide a phenomenological set of
ammonia–sulfuric acid thermodynamics.
Biomass burning aerosol over the Amazon: analysis of aircraft, surface and satellite observations using a global aerosol model
Authors: Reddington Carly L. , Morgan William T. , Darbyshire Eoghan , Brito Joel , Coe Hugh , Artaxo Paulo , Scott Catherine E. , Marsham John , Spracklen Dominick V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large quantities of aerosol into the
atmosphere, impacting regional air quality and climate. Previous work has
used comparisons of simulated and observed aerosol optical depth (AOD) in
regions heavily impacted by fires to suggest that emissions of aerosol particles
from fires may be underestimated by a factor of 2–5. Here we use surface,
aircraft and satellite observations made over the Amazon during September
2012, along with a global aerosol model to improve understanding of aerosol
emissions from vegetation fires. We apply three different satellite-derived
fire emission datasets (FINN, GFED, GFAS) in the model. Daily mean aerosol
emissions in these datasets vary by up to a factor of 3.7 over the Amazon
during this period, highlighting the considerable uncertainty in emissions.
We find variable agreement between the model and observed aerosol mass
concentrations. The model reproduces observed aerosol concentrations
over deforestation fires well in the western Amazon during dry season conditions
with FINN or GFED emissions and during dry–wet transition season conditions
with GFAS emissions. In contrast, the model underestimates aerosol
concentrations over savanna fires in the Cerrado environment east of the
Amazon Basin with all three fire emission datasets. The model generally
underestimates AOD compared to satellite and ground stations, even when the
model reproduces the observed vertical profile of aerosol mass
concentration. We suggest it is likely caused by uncertainties in the
calculation of AOD, which are as large as ∼90 %, with the
largest sensitivities due to uncertainties in water uptake and relative
humidity. Overall, we do not find evidence that particulate emissions from
fires are systematically underestimated in the Amazon region and we caution
against using comparison with AOD to constrain particulate emissions from
fires.
Air temperature and light intensity in a tropical rainforest of Brunei Darussalam: Time series recorded in 2017
Authors: Becek Kazimierz , Salim Kamaria A.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. The air temperature and light intensity were recorded in a tropical rainforest of Brunei Darussalam at 20-minute interval in 2017. HOBO Pendant® data loggers were attached to tree trunks approximately 2 m above ground. The obtained data can be used to study various microclimatic, biological and ecological characteristics of tropical rainforests in Brunei. The long term observations can also be used to study the impact of global climate change on the canopy of tropical rainforest. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17632/5vzp6svhwh.3 (Becek, 2018).
Trend-preserving bias adjustment and statistical downscaling with ISIMIP3BASD (v1.0)
Authors: Lange Stefan
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this paper I present new methods for bias adjustment and statistical downscaling that are tailored to the requirements of the Inter-Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project (ISIMIP). In comparison to their predecessors, the new methods allow for a more robust bias adjustment of extreme values, preserve trends more accurately across quantiles, and facilitate a clearer separation of bias adjustment and statistical downscaling. The new statistical downscaling method is stochastic and better at adjusting spatial variability than the old interpolation method. Improvements in bias adjustment and trend preservation are demonstrated in a cross-validation framework.
Analysis on the lateral vibration of drill string by mass effect of drilling fluid
Authors: Yang Chunxu , Wang Ruihe , Han Laiju , Xue Qilong
Published: July 2019

Abstract. It is well known that the influence of the internal and external
drilling fluid on the lateral vibration characteristics of drillstring
cannot be ignored. In this paper, experiment apparatus for simulating
drillstring vibration was established. Hammering method is used to measure
drillstring lateral natural vibration frequency when the internal and
external drilling fluid is considered. The test results show that the
drilling fluid can decrease the natural frequency of the drillstring. Based
on the simulation model, considering the influence of the internal and
external drilling fluid, an external drilling fluid additional mass
coefficient is derived considering the dynamic pressure effect caused by
external drilling fluid. Additional mass coefficient can get the result with
high precision, which can meet the needs of the project. the simulation
results are in good agreement with the test results, and the error is within
2 %. This work provides a useful attempt and lays the foundation for the
dynamics of the drill string in the drilling fluid environment.
What Spaces Does Democracy Need?
Authors: Müller Jan-Werner
Published: July 2019

The article asks what role different types of physical spaces play for democracy, based on an understanding of democracy as being in need of both a central site of decision making and informal spaces for deliberation and contestation. It then further asks whether the latter functions can be fulfilled by online spaces and also whether the internet might have something like an elective affinity with populism.
The Ambivalent Role of Online Spaces in Political Engagement
Authors: Vitale Sarah E.
Published: July 2019

This article argues that Jan-Werner Müller in “What Spaces Does Democracy Need?” overemphasizes the danger for democratic engagement inherent in the medium of the internet. It claims that the main problem with online discourse is one that comes from without and one that faces in-person discourse as well, and that is the danger of increased privatization and the erosion of a truly public sphere. Nonetheless, online sites can and do still play an important role in our political projects, a role that is not necessarily less significant than the role that physical sites play.
What’s the Matter with Populism?
Authors: Robbins Jeffrey W.
Published: July 2019

This article provides a critical assessment of the populist nationalism associated with President Donald Trump. Using Thomas Frank’s “What’s the Matter with Kansas?” as an inspiration, it makes the argument that Trump’s populism is in fact a cover for a corporatist agenda. Further, it argues that the evangelical right’s support of Trump exposes the sense of white grievance that has animated its political mobilization from the start.