bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep convolutional neural networks information fusion and improved whale optimization algorithm based smart oral squamous cell carcinoma classification framework using histopathological images
Authors: Meer Momina , Khan Muhammad Attique , Jabeen Kiran , Alzahrani Ahmed Ibrahim , Alalwan Nasser , Shabaz Mohammad , Khan Faheem
Published: January 2024

The most prevalent type of cancer worldwide is mouth cancer. Around 2.5% of deaths are reported annually due to oral cancer in 2023. Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), a prevalent oral cavity cancer, is essential for treating and recovering patients. A few computerized techniques exist but are focused on traditional machine learning methods, such as handcrafted features. In this work, we proposed a fully automated architecture based on Self‐Attention convolutional neural network and Residual Network information fusion and optimization. In the proposed framework, the augmentation process is performed on the training and testing samples, and then two developed deep models are trained. A self‐attention MobileNet‐V2 model is developed and trained using an augmented dataset. In parallel, a Self‐Attention DarkNet‐19 model is trained on the same dataset, whereas the hyperparameters have been initialized using the whale optimization algorithm (WOA). Features are extracted from the deeper layers of both models and fused using a canonical correlation analysis (CCA) approach. The CCA approach is further optimized using an improved WOA version named Quantum WOA that removes the irrelevant features and selects only important ones. The final selected features are classified using neural networks such as wide neural networks. The experimental process is performed on the augmented dataset that includes two sets: 100× and 400×. Using both sets, the proposed method obtained an accuracy of 98.7% and 96.3%. Comparison is conducted with a few state‐of‐the‐art (SOTA) techniques and shows a significant improvement in accuracy and precision rate.
Responses by benthic invertebrate community composition to dissolved organic matter in lakes decline substantially above a threshold concentration
Authors: Jane Stephen F. , Johnson Richard K. , Rose Kevin C. , Eklöv Peter , Weyhenmeyer Gesa A.
Published: January 2024

Dissolved organic matter (DOM), often measured as dissolved organic carbon (DOC), plays a fundamental role in influencing the structure and function of lake ecosystems. Due to the myriad ecosystem effects of DOM, widespread observations of long‐term increasing DOM concentrations have received much attention from ecologists. DOM positively influences primary production and consumer production at low concentrations due to the fertilising influence of bound nutrients. However, beyond a unimodal peak in production, a reduced light environment may result in a negative effect on production. This unimodal model has been largely developed and tested in lakes with low to moderate DOM concentrations (i.e., typically ≤10 mg/L DOC).

To understand ecological responses in lakes across a larger range in DOM concentrations, we examined the response of benthic invertebrate communities in 148 Swedish lakes with DOM concentrations ranging between 0.67 and 32.77 mg/L DOC.

We found that increasing DOM concentrations had a strong effect on invertebrate community composition below c. 10 mg/L. Across this range, abundances of individual taxa both increased and decreased, probably in response to environmental change induced by DOM. However, in lakes above this concentration, increasing DOM had minimal influence on community composition.

As DOM concentrations continue to increase, faunal communities in lakes below this 10 mg/L DOC threshold are likely to undergo substantial change whereas those above this threshold are likely to be minimally impacted.
Germany's public EV charging points: Analysing the 2023 state of expansion
Authors: Neumeier Stefan , Osigus Torsten
Published: January 2024

The European Climate Law sets a legally binding target of net zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In this regard, in 2023 the EU Environmental Council decided that from 2035 onwards only CO2‐neutral new cars will be licensed in the European Union. Simultaneously, since the energy crisis caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, fuel prices increased in Germany. This has made more and more households think about purchasing an e‐car. However, not every household has the opportunity to install their own wallbox, and when travelling long distances, e‐car users are dependent on the availability of ample public charging stations. Against this background, with a special focus on rural areas, this paper considers the questions whether and where spatial inequalities in the accessibility of public charging stations might currently exist. To approach these questions, based on an empirical analysis of the 2023 official location data of public charging points in Germany, we examine the nationwide distribution, accessibility and available capacity of public charging stations in Germany at small‐scale from the point of view of the ‘household’ as well as those who travel by e‐car within Germany. In order to evaluate the location data of public charging stations we mainly use raster‐based accessibility analysis methods as well as isotropic kernel intensity estimates. We found that, in contrast to the common belief, the network of public charging stations is quite dense. However, taking a closer look reveals that the charging infrastructure in Germany has so far been tailored to the needs of intra‐regional travelers (commuting, shopping, leisure) rather than to those of the residential population with no access to their own wallbox (daily recharging in close proximity to one‘s home) or the mid‐ to long‐distance travelers.
How and why do doctors communicate diagnostic uncertainty: An experimental vignette study
Authors: Cox Caitríona , Hatfield Thea , Fritz Zoë
Published: January 2024

Background

Diagnostic uncertainty is common, but its communication to patients is under‐explored. This study aimed to (1) characterise variation in doctors' communication of diagnostic uncertainty and (2) explore why variation occurred.

Methods

Four written vignettes of clinical scenarios involving diagnostic uncertainty were developed. Doctors were recruited from five hospitals until theoretical saturation was reached (n = 36). Participants read vignettes in a randomised order, and were asked to discuss the diagnosis/plan with an online interviewer, as they would with a ‘typical patient’. Semi‐structured interviews explored reasons for communication choices. Interview transcripts were coded; quantitative and qualitative (thematic) analyses were undertaken.

Results

There was marked variation in doctors' communication: in their discussion about differential diagnoses, their reference to the level of uncertainty in diagnoses/investigations and their acknowledgement of diagnostic uncertainty when safety‐netting. Implicit expressions of uncertainty were more common than explicit. Participants expressed both different communication goals (including reducing patient anxiety, building trust, empowering patients and protecting against diagnostic errors) and different perspectives on how to achieve these goals. Training in diagnostic uncertainty communication is rare, but many felt it would be useful.

Conclusions

Significant variation in diagnostic uncertainty communication exists, even in a controlled setting. Differing communication goals—often grounded in conflicting ethical principles, for example, respect for autonomy versus nonmaleficence—and differing ideas on how to prioritise and achieve them may underlie this. The variation in communication behaviours observed has important implications for patient safety and health inequalities. Patient‐focused research is required to guide practice.

Patient or Public Contribution

In the design stage of the study, two patient and public involvement groups (consisting of members of the public of a range of ages and backgrounds) were consulted to gain an understanding of patient perspectives on the concept of communicating diagnostic uncertainty. Their feedback informed the formulations of the research questions and the choice of vignettes used.
Mechanical properties and forming conditions optimization of SiC ceramics using Camellia oleifera shell as carbon source
Authors: Li Yuandi , Chen Hongli , Lin Shili , Chen Zhaoke , Zhang Liqiang
Published: January 2024

Using Camellia oleifera shell as raw materials to preparative SiC ceramics by warm‐press forming and sintering is proposed in this paper. Warm‐press forming before preparing for the C. oleifera shell‐based SiC ceramics is beneficial to obtain the internal uniform and suitable pore structure of the cylindrical sample. Thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry was applied to analyze the pyrolysis behavior of C. oleiefra shell and phenolic resin. The scanning electron microscope and X‐ray diffraction were used to investigate the properties of C. oleifera shell‐based SiC ceramics. Then, the response surface method was applied to establish a multivariate prediction model based on the process parameters of warm‐press forming. And the regression equations of porosity and bending strength of COS‐SiC are obtained. The result demonstrated that the predicted and experimental values can be in good agreement for the model. By comparing the F‐value, it is found that the forming temperature and pressure during the process of warm‐press forming have a more significant influence on the porosity and bending strength of SiC ceramics. The optimization process parameters were obtained as follows: forming temperature 153°C, pressure 35 MPa, and holding time 30 min.
Rapid synthesis of high‐yield Ti3AlC2 MAX phase powders from TiC0.67 and Al with induction heating assistance
Authors: Gubarevich Anna , Miura Kenshin , Yoshida Katsumi
Published: January 2024

The development of new low‐carbon emission methods for the synthesis and processing of materials is an urgent task today. Here, we present a rapid, efficient, and low‐energy‐consuming synthesis method for high‐yield Ti3AlC2 MAX phase powders. Our method is based on induction heating‐assisted combustion synthesis (IH‐CS), where the heat of the reaction is used as a driving force of the process, and the conditions of the process are finely controlled using IH at the same time. Ti3AlC2 MAX phase was synthesized using TiC0.67 and Al powders as starting materials. The introduction of TiC0.67 reduced the total exothermic effect of the reaction, facilitating better control of the reaction process. IH was used to ignite the reaction and to hold the temperature after ignition at an optimal value to complete the synthesis process. The effects of holding temperature, Al, and Si addition on Ti3AlC2 yield were investigated. As a result, Ti3AlC2 MAX phase powders containing only .7 wt% of the secondary phase were synthesized in a very short time. Our findings suggest that IH‐CS is a highly effective and promising alternative for the facile fabrication of high‐purity MAX phase powders.
Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023
Authors: Bastard Paul , Gervais Adrian , Le Voyer Tom , Philippot Quentin , Cobat Aurélie , Rosain Jérémie , Jouanguy Emmanuelle , Abel Laurent , Zhang Shen‐Ying , Zhang Qian , Puel Anne , Casanova Jean‐Laurent
Published: January 2024

Human autoantibodies (auto‐Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs were first discovered in a woman with disseminated shingles and were described by Ion Gresser from 1981 to 1984. They have since been found in patients with diverse conditions and are even used as a diagnostic criterion in patients with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy syndrome type 1 (APS‐1). However, their apparent lack of association with viral diseases, including shingles, led to wide acceptance of the conclusion that they had no pathological consequences. This perception began to change in 2020, when they were found to underlie about 15% of cases of critical COVID‐19 pneumonia. They have since been shown to underlie other severe viral diseases, including 5%, 20%, and 40% of cases of critical influenza pneumonia, critical MERS pneumonia, and West Nile virus encephalitis, respectively. They also seem to be associated with shingles in various settings. These auto‐Abs are present in all age groups of the general population, but their frequency increases with age to reach at least 5% in the elderly. We estimate that at least 100 million people worldwide carry auto‐Abs neutralizing type I IFNs. Here, we briefly review the history of the study of these auto‐Abs, focusing particularly on their known causes and consequences.
Local community's social capital and CEO pay duration
Authors: Gu Zhenjiang , Kim Jeong‐Bon , Lu Louise Yi , Yu Yangxin
Published: January 2024

In this study, we examine the impact of social capital surrounding firms’ headquarters on their chief executive officers (CEOs)’ pay duration, reflected by the vesting periods of the short‐term and long‐term components in their annual compensation. Our analysis reveals that CEO pay duration increases with the level of social capital in the county in which firms are headquartered. We further find that this effect is more pronounced when CEOs are more likely to be short‐term‐oriented, suggesting that under the influence of the local community's social capital, the board of directors uses longer pay duration to better align CEOs’ interests with long‐term shareholder value. Our results are robust to a variety of additional tests and a smaller sample of firms that had relocated their headquarters to communities with a different level of social capital. Overall, our findings are consistent with the view that social capital incentivizes firms to be long‐term‐oriented and refrain from short‐term opportunistic activities, and this lengthens CEO pay duration.
Nesting behavior of greater eelpout (Lycodes esmarkii), identified through a predation event by spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor)
Authors: Kennedy James , Gunnarsson Ásgeir , Pampoulie Christophe , Wienerroither Rupert
Published: January 2024

The stomach of a spotted wolffish (Anarhichas minor) caught in Icelandic waters was found to contain ~727 greater eelpout larvae (Lycodes esmarkii). All the larvae were of similar size and at a similar state of digestion, indicating they were all consumed together. The likely explanation for this observation is that greater eelpout lay their eggs in a nest, with the larvae remaining in the nest for a short period after hatching. The larvae were then predated upon by the spotted wolffish while still in the nest. This study sheds new light on greater eelpout in Icelandic waters, with recently hatched larvae being present in March, breeding at a depth of ~200–250 m, and likely exhibiting nesting behavior, which has not previously been documented.
Population parameters and conservation implications for one of the world's rarest marine fishes, the red handfish (Thymichthys politus)
Authors: Bessell Tyson J. , Stuart‐Smith Rick D. , Johnson Olivia J. , Barrett Neville S. , Lynch Tim P. , Trotter Andrew J. , Stuart‐Smith Jemina
Published: January 2024

Population estimates are required for effective conservation of many rare marine species, but can be difficult to obtain. The critically endangered red handfish (Thymichthys politus) is a coastal anglerfish known only from two fragmented populations in southeast Tasmania, Australia. It is at a high risk of extinction due to low numbers, loss of habitat, and the impacts of climate change. To aid conservation efforts, we provide the first empirical population size estimates of red handfish and investigate other important aspects of the species' life history, such as growth, habitat association, and movement. We surveyed both red handfish local populations via underwater visual census on scuba over 3 years and used photographic mark‐recapture techniques to estimate biological parameters. In 2020, the local adult population size was estimated to be 94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 40–231) adults at one site, and 7 (95% CI 5–10) at the other site, suggesting an estimated global population of 101 adults. Movement of individuals was extremely limited at 48.5 m (± 77.7 S.D.) per year. We also found evidence of declining fish density, a declining proportion of juveniles, and increasing average fish size during the study. These results provide a serious warning that red handfish are likely sliding toward extinction, and highlight the urgent need to expand efforts for ex situ captive breeding to bolster numbers in the wild and maintain captive insurance populations, and to protect vital habitat to safeguard the species' ongoing survival in the wild.
Recognition of differences in the capacity to deal with floods—A cross‐country comparison of flood risk management
Authors: Paauw Mandy , Smith Glen , Crabbé Ann , Fournier Marie , Munck af Rosenschöld Johan , Priest Sally , Rekola Aino
Published: January 2024

Flood risks worldwide are increasing due to climate change. Managing these risks is ever more necessary. Although flood risk management (FRM) is often understood as a technical challenge, it also involves decisions about the distribution of resources and risks in floods, which can be inherently unfair. People are disparately affected by floods due to their location. Because of their various socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, they also differ in their capacity to deal with floods. These differences need to be recognised in FRM to prevent disproportionate impacts on vulnerable communities. However, at present, a knowledge gap exists on how to make FRM more inclusive and just, and discussions on recognition justice in the context of FRM are scarce. This article therefore examines recognition of differences in the capacity of people to deal with floods in FRM in England (United Kingdom), Finland, Flanders (Belgium) and France. We analyse if, and how, these differences are recognised in FRM policy and practice and through decision‐making procedures, drawing on examples from the implementation of five FRM strategies in each country (flood risk prevention, flood defence, flood risk mitigation, flood preparation and flood recovery). Furthermore, we aim to highlight opportunity spaces to strengthen recognition justice in future FRM.
Development of pancreatic diseases during long‐term follow‐up after acute pancreatitis: a post‐hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter cohort
Authors: de Rijk FEM , Sissingh NJ , Boel TT , Timmerhuis HC , de Jong MJP , Pauw HS , van Veldhuisen CL , Hallensleben ND , Anten MPGF , Brink MA , Curvers WL , van Duijvendijk P , Hazen WL , Kuiken SD , Poen AC , Quispel R , Römkens TEH , Spanier BWM , Tan ACITL , Vleggaar FP , Voorburg AMCJ , Witteman BJM , Ali U Ahmed , Issa Y , Bouwense SAW , Voermans RP , van Wanrooij RLJ , Stommel MWJ , van Hooft JE , de Jonge PJ , van Goor H , Boermeester MA , Besselink MG , Bruno MJ , Verdonk RC , van Santvoort HC ,   for the Dutch Pancreatitis Study Group
Published: January 2024

Background and Aim

More insight into the incidence of and factors associated with progression following a first episode of acute pancreatitis (AP) would offer opportunities for improvements in disease management and patient counseling.

Methods

A long‐term post hoc analysis of a prospective cohort of patients with AP (2008–2015) was performed. Primary endpoints were recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP), chronic pancreatitis (CP), and pancreatic cancer. Cumulative incidence calculations and risk analyses were performed.

Results

Overall, 1184 patients with a median follow‐up of 9 years (IQR: 7–11) were included. RAP and CP occurred in 301 patients (25%) and 72 patients (6%), with the highest incidences observed for alcoholic pancreatitis (40% and 22%). Pancreatic cancer was diagnosed in 14 patients (1%). Predictive factors for RAP were alcoholic and idiopathic pancreatitis (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.51–4.82 and OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.40–3.02), and no pancreatic interventions (OR 1.82, 95% CI 1.10–3.01). Non‐biliary etiology (alcohol: OR 5.24, 95% CI 1.94–14.16, idiopathic: OR 4.57, 95% CI 2.05–10.16, and other: OR 2.97, 95% CI 1.11–7.94), RAP (OR 4.93, 95% CI 2.84–8.58), prior pancreatic interventions (OR 3.10, 95% CI 1.20–8.02), smoking (OR 2.33, 95% CI 1.14–4.78), and male sex (OR 2.06, 95% CI 1.05–4.05) were independently associated with CP.

Conclusion

Disease progression was observed in a quarter of pancreatitis patients. We identified several risk factors that may be helpful to devise personalized strategies with the intention to reduce the impact of disease progression in patients with AP.
Adaptive Care Planning: A paradigm shift
Authors: Moody Sandra Y. , Bell Christina L. , Lindenberger Elizabeth C. , Reid M. Carrington
Published: January 2024

A key challenge of implementing advance care planning lies in the fact that decisions made in advance require patients and their family members to imagine what their clinical picture will look like rather than knowing or experiencing the clinical circumstances as they unfold. Even more important is the acknowledgment of the unpredictability of a given clinical course. This type of situation requires adaptiveness and flexibility in decision‐making that frequently occurs in the moment(s) triggered by changes in health state(s). We describe an alternative frameshifting approach called “Adaptive Care Planning (AdaptCP),” which features an evolving communication between physicians and patients/families with ongoing incorporation of the patient's/family's perspective. This process continues iteratively until each decision can be reached in a way that is both harmonious with the patient's/family's perspective and is consistent with medical treatment options that are actionable for the healthcare team. We include a table of tools drawn from the literature that can help clinicians when implementing AdaptCP.
Vitamin D and its binding protein in patients with leiomyomas
Authors: Latifi Zeinab , Oghbaei Farnaz , Salemi Zahra , Kamalipoya Samaneh , Fattahi Amir
Published: January 2024

Aim

This study examined the levels of VitD, VitD binding protein (DBP), and free VitD in leiomyomas patients and their association with the quantity, dimensions, and site of fibroid growths. Additionally, we evaluated the potentiality of employing these factors as a biomarker tool for the diagnosis and assessment of uterine fibroid progression.

Methods

This study involved the participation of 55 women with leiomyomas and 50 healthy women. We utilized commercial ELISA kits to measure the levels of total VitD and DBP in their serum. Additionally, we calculated the levels of free VitD and the ratio of VitD to DBP. Moreover, we determined the number, size, and location of the leiomyomas in the patients.

Results

There were no significant differences in the levels of total VitD between the groups. However, patients had significantly lower levels of free VitD and higher levels of DBP compared to the control group. The size of the largest leiomyomas showed a negative relationship with free VitD and a positive relationship with DBP. Receiver operating characteristic analyses, showed that the cut‐off value for free VitD was 4.47 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 75.6% and a specificity of 74.4%. The cut‐off value for DBP was 256.2 μg/mL, with a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 70.3%.

Conclusions

Free VitD and DBP potentially contribute to the development of leiomyomas and are linked to the size of these tumors. The measurement of serum levels of these factors could serve as additional biomarkers for the diagnosis of leiomyomas.
The Biological Basis of the Symbolic: Exploring the Implications of the Co‐Evolution of Language, Cognition and Sociality for Management Studies
Authors: Phillips Nelson , Moser Christine
Published: January 2024

In this essay, we approach the question of what it means for something to be symbolic in a different way from the usual answers rooted in philosophy, sociology or anthropology: we argue that the symbolic is, first and foremost, rooted in human biology and human evolution. We discuss how the development of the capability to create and share symbols was a key moment in human evolution that underpins our capability to communicate and store knowledge through language, to think abstractly about problems, and to live and work together effectively in large groups. It also underpins the unique ecological niche – the cognitive niche – that Homo sapiens construct using our capability to create and share symbols. We go on to explore some of the implications of an evolutionary understanding of the symbolic for management and organization research.
Colletotrichum siamense is responsible for anthracnose on Hymenaea stigonocarpa in Brazil
Authors: Silva Kelliene R. , Vieira Willie A. S. , Câmara Marcos P. S. , Doyle Vinson P. , Giongo Marcos , Santos Manoel M. , Aguiar Raimundo Wagner S. , Moraes Cristiano B. , Inácio Carlos A. , Cangussu Alex Sander R. , Santos Gil R.
Published: January 2024

Hymenaea stigonocarpa, popularly known as ‘jatobá’ or ‘jatobá‐do‐cerrado’, is a native plant widely distributed across Brazilian Cerrado areas. This plant is used for urban afforestation, human and animal feeding, and industry. Foliar lesions resembling anthracnose symptoms were observed on H. stigonocarpa in natural habitats and nurseries. Microscopic examination of acervuli indicated a Colletotrichum species as the cause of the anthracnose symptoms. Based on multilocus phylogenetic analyses including data from APN2, APN2‐MAT/IGS, CAL, GAP2‐IGS, GAPDH, GS and TUB2 alongside morphological characterization and pathogenicity tests, Colletotrichum siamense was confidently identified as the causal agent of H. stignocarpa anthracnose in Brazil.
Development and validation of a short dietary questionnaire for assessing obesity‐related dietary behaviours in young children
Authors: Bell Lucinda , Manson Alexandra , Zarnowiecki Dorota , Tan Shi Ning , Byrne Rebecca , Taylor Rachael , Zheng Miaobing , Wen Li Ming , Golley Rebecca
Published: January 2024

There are few short, validated tools to assess young children's obesity‐related dietary behaviours, limiting the rapid screening of dietary behaviours in research and practice‐based early obesity prevention. This study aimed to develop and assess the reliability and validity of a caregiver‐reported short dietary questionnaire to rapidly assess obesity‐related dietary behaviours in children aged 6 months to 5 years. The Early Prevention of Obesity in Childhood Dietary Questionnaire (EPOCH‐DQ) was developed using a rigorous process to determine content and structural validity. Three age‐appropriate versions were developed for (1) infants, aged 6–12 months, (2) toddlers, aged 1–2.9 years and (3) pre‐schoolers, aged 3–5 years. The questionnaire (7–15 items) measures dietary behaviours, including diet risk from non‐core food and beverage intake, diet quality from vegetable frequency, bread type and infant feeding practices. Test–retest reliability was assessed from repeated administrations 1 week apart (n = 126). Internal consistency, concurrent validity (against a comparison questionnaire, the InFANT Food Frequency Questionnaire), construct validity and interpretability were assessed (n = 209). Most scores were highly correlated and significantly associated (p < 0.05) for validity (rs: 0.45–0.89, percentage agreement 68%–100%) and reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.61–0.99) for diet risk, diet quality and feeding practice items. The EPOCH‐DQ shows acceptable validity and reliability for screening of obesity‐related behaviours of children under 5 years of age. The short length and, thus, low participant burden of the EPOCH‐DQ allows for potential applications in various settings. Future testing of the EPOCH‐DQ should evaluate culturally and socio‐economically diverse populations and establish the predictive validity and sensitivity to detect change.
Systemic association of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody disease: A systematic review of literature
Authors: Porey Camelia , Jaiswal Binaya Kumar
Published: January 2024

Association of MOGAD with various autoimmune and paraneoplastic antibodies has been described in the literature. However, MOGAD with systemic manifestations is rarely encountered and requires a high index of suspicion for evaluation. Searching various databases, we identified 107 studies. After independently assessing the eligibility, finally, 29 studies were selected for review. A total of 1458 MOG patients were included in the study among whom systemic manifestations were present in 253 (17.3%) patients. SLE with ANA positivity was found in a total of 72 (28.4%) patients. Among them, anti‐dsDNA was positive in 10 (3.9%), anti‐smith in 3 (1.2%), anti‐SSA/SSB in 13 (5.1%), anti‐RNP in 3 (1.1%), anti‐Ro 52 in 1 (0.5%), and ENA in 1 (0.5%). APLA was positive in 10 (3.9%), ANCA in 10 (3.9%), RA in 31(12.9%) and thyroid antibody in 35 (13.8%) patients. Simultaneous CNS and PNS involvement was also seen in 21 (8.3%) patients. Systemic involvement is not an uncommon phenomenon in MOGAD and in future may add to the spectrum of the disease.
Enhancing family experience in the paediatric intensive care unit through the adoption of the family care journal: A single‐center study
Authors: Tcharmtchi Jennifer , Coss‐Bu Jorge A. , Tcharmtchi M. Hossein
Published: January 2024

Background

Multidisciplinary patient care rounds are increasingly seen as a vital complement to patient care management. Family engagement in these rounds, especially in the paediatric population, is important to treatment and outcomes, but there is little information about family experience in the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).

Aims

To develop a process using family care journals (FCJ) to systematically evaluate family experience in the PICU and identify needed supportive resources that will enhance their critical care stay.

Study Design

This is a single‐centre quasi‐experimental design conducted at a large urban quaternary level freestanding children's hospital. A family care journal (FCJ) was distributed to families upon admission to PICU to serve as a resource tool during their stay. An electronic point of care (POC) questionnaire was used to assess families' experiences in the PICU.

Results

Three hundred sixty‐six questionnaires were completed (100% response rate) and analysed. Overall, there was an improvement in all phases post FCJ implementation compared with the baseline. Seventy five percent of families found it a useful tool for communication with the PICU team. Open‐ended comments revealed improvement opportunities related to communication, environment, and delay in care. Almost all commented on excellent nursing care.

Conclusions

Introducing FCJ in a paediatric ICU is a practical approach, providing a cost‐effective method to assess family experiences and gain insights for ongoing quality improvement efforts. Collaboration among all care team members, including nursing, medical, and administrative leaders, is crucial for empathetically addressing parental needs during hospitalization.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Combining the use of journals and questionnaires provides the clinical team with an efficient means of collecting valuable feedback from parents regarding their experience in the PICU and the factors that foster ongoing commitment from families. Nurses play a crucial role in encouraging the adoption of these journals, as they promote greater parent involvement in their children's care.
Perspectives, experiences, and concerns with cyclical vomiting syndrome: Insights from online targeted‐disease forums
Authors: Khalil Carine , Almario Christopher V. , Dupuy Taylor , Arnold Corey , Chen Yaozhu J. , Spiegel Brennan M. R.
Published: January 2024

Introduction

There is limited research examining the biopsychosocial impact of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) on patients. This study aims to assess individuals' experiences, fears, and concerns associated with CVS and the impact of CVS on their daily lives.

Methods

We employed social netnography to analyze publicly available posts related to CVS that were identified from six US online forums and Twitter. A randomly selected sub‐cohort of posts per pre‐defined criteria was first qualitatively analyzed using an inductive thematic approach. Then, machine learning topic modeling was applied to explore themes in an unsupervised manner for the entire corpus of posts. Afterward, findings from the qualitative and quantitative approaches were integrated to generate a thematic network.

Results

Based on the 39,179 collected posts, seven domain themes were identified. Overall, 41.4% of the posts were related to “biopsychosocial burden” of CVS, including physical impact, psychological impact, and social impact. In 22.3% of posts, individuals shared their experience of “interactions with the healthcare system”, and 14.2% of posts were related to “perceived CVS triggers.” Individuals also shared “solutions to alleviate their symptoms” and “mental health needs” in 10.2% and 8.8% of posts, respectively. Finally, 6.1% of the posts were about “seeking/sharing support” with others.

Discussion

This is the first social netnography study to describe the in‐depth experiences of individuals living with CVS and the marked impact on their physical, mental, and social health. The study also highlights the unmet need for effective therapies, both pharmacological and non‐pharmacological, to alleviate the biopsychosocial impact of CVS.
Improving the education and wellbeing of student parents
Authors: Tighe Lauren A. , Sommer Teresa Eckrich , Sabol Terri J. , Chase‐Lansdale P. Lindsay
Published: January 2024

Student parents, who make up approximately four million US undergraduates, are highly motivated to succeed in school but often face barriers to educational success due to logistical and financial constraints as well as mental health stressors. This randomized control trial examined the effectiveness of an education program centered in an adult workforce agency that was specifically designed to meet the needs of student parents and their families. Family‐centered supportive services included coordinated parent–child schedules and childcare in addition to peer cohorts led by coaches, tuition‐free courses, and additional financial assistance. Two hundred seventy‐seven parents responded to online survey questions about their education and career, wellbeing, and parenting at baseline and approximately 1 year later (treatment n = 191, control n = 86). The racially and ethnically diverse pool of parents consisted mostly of low‐income mothers aged 29 years on average who had a high school diploma or completed a General Educational Development (GED) program. After 1 year, parents in the education program were more likely to obtain at least a certificate or associate degree compared to control parents. These findings suggest that a family‐focused approach is key to improving the educational success of student parents.
Association between periodontal disease and malignant soft tissue sarcomas
Authors: Hiroshimaya Takatoshi , Fujimoto Yusuke , Sasaki Hiromi , Motoi Toshihiro , Nagata Emi , Taniguchi Noboru , Oho Takahiko
Published: January 2024

Objective

Malignant soft tissue sarcoma (MSTS) is a rare disease, but is seen in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery. Although the association of periodontal disease with various cancers occurring in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, lungs, and prostate, has been reported, the association between periodontal disease and MSTS remains unclear. This study investigated the association between periodontal disease and MSTS in patients undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Subjects and Methods

One hundred fifteen patients who underwent orthopedic surgery between 2017 and 2021 were retrospectively enrolled (mean age = 66.8 ± 10.7 years). The patient background was adjusted by the propensity score (PS). Subsequently, the association of periodontal disease with MSTS was analyzed using PS inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Periodontal status was determined by evaluating the periodontal inflamed surface area, which was calculated by measuring the periodontal probing pocket depth and detecting bleeding on probing.

Results

Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment by the PS showed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with MSTS (odds ratio 2.81, p = 0.04). Furthermore, IPTW showed that severe periodontitis was significantly associated with MSTS (odds ratio 3.21, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

The results indicate an association between periodontal inflammation and MSTS.
Urticaria in infants: A single‐institution retrospective study
Authors: Kim Eun Jae , Zhang Zinan , Hlobik Madeline , Ho Tina , Huang Jennifer T.
Published: January 2024

Urticaria in infants can cause significant anxiety in parents, especially if a trigger cannot be identified. In a retrospective study of 246 infants seen for urticaria of unknown etiology at Boston Children's Hospital, 88.2% had resolution of urticaria within 6 weeks. The etiology of urticaria was ultimately established in 62.6% (72/115) of acute urticaria and 12.5% (2/16) of chronic urticaria cases with follow‐up data. Pediatric healthcare providers can counsel families that while etiology of urticaria is never determined in over 40% of infants, symptoms are most likely to resolve spontaneously.
Evaluation of blood minerals and oxidative stress changing pattern in prepartum and postpartum Achai and Holstein Friesian dairy cows
Authors: Gul Fahad , Amin Hassan , Naz Shabana , Khan Muhammad Tahir , Alhidary Ibrahim A. , Khan Rifat Ullah , Pugliese Gianluca , Tufarelli Vincenzo
Published: January 2024

This research focused on evaluating blood mineral levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) as an indicator of oxidative stress before and after giving birth in Achai and Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows. Blood samples were obtained from a total of 50 cows representing both breeds on the third, second, and first week prior to calving, as well as on the day of calving (day 0). Subsequently, samples were collected on the 1–3 weeks postpartum to allow a comprehensive evaluation of blood parameters throughout the peripartum period. Results showed a significant (p < .01) decrease in serum zinc (Zn) levels on the day of parturition in both breeds. Additionally, HF cows exhibited higher (p < .01) Zn levels on week 2 before giving birth. Interestingly, blood selenium (Se) concentration increased (p < .01) in HF cows on weeks 2 and 3 after calving. In contrast, Achai cows showed a rise (p < .01) in blood Se on week 3 of parturition. Blood copper (Cu) levels were higher (p < .01) on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition in HF cows and on third week before parturition compared to Achai cows, where serum Cu remained high on week 1 of parturition. The findings indicated that blood magnesium (Mg) was higher (p < .01) on third week before parturition in Achai cows and on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition. Serum calcium (Ca) was higher (p < .01) in both HF and Achai cows on weeks 2 and 3 after parturition, and lower (p < .01) on third week before giving birth in both breeds. The mean blood MDA levels in Achai cows were lower (p < .01) on weeks 1 to 3 postpartum or 3 weeks before giving birth. In HF cows, serum MDA increased (p < .01) just before 2 weeks of parturition and remained elevated until 3 weeks of parturition. Thus, both breeds exhibited a similar pattern of mineral fluctuations; yet, Achai cows demonstrated greater resilience to oxidative stress compared to HF cows during the transition period.
Samuelson, Mortensen, and Melitz walk into a chocolate bar: A tale of jobs, inter‐generational conflict, and international trade
Authors: Davidson Carl , Matusz Steven
Published: January 2024

We bring together three prominent literatures to show how jobs create an intergenerational externality. Employment acts as an asset, allowing current generations to borrow from future generations. The competitive equilibrium is not Pareto efficient, and the policies preferred by the current generation differ from the policies that maximize the welfare of future generations. We illustrate with an application to international trade.
Improving the SNA: Alternative measures of output, input, income, and productivity
Authors: Diewert W. Erwin , Nomura Koji , Shimizu Chihiro
Published: January 2024

The current System of National Accounts (SNA) Gross Domestic Product (GDP) concept does not measure the income generated by the production sector since it includes depreciation and excludes capital gains and losses on assets used in the production sector. The paper suggests an accounting framework that measures the income generated by the production sector of an economy and implements this measure using the Augmented Productivity Database (APDB) developed by Asian Productivity Organization and Keio University for China over the years 1970–2020. Real gross and real net income generated by the Chinese production sector are decomposed into explanatory factors including TFP growth using the framework suggested by Jorgenson and Diewert and Morrison. TFP growth is further decomposed into technical progress and inefficiency components using the nonparametric approach developed by Diewert and Fox. The APDB has estimates for the price and quantity of agricultural, industrial, commercial, and residential land used in China. The paper argues that changes in land use should be treated in the same manner as inventory change and added to the alternative output measures. It turns out that Jorgensonian user costs for land are frequently negative. The problems associated with negative user costs are discussed in the paper.
A call for trauma‐informed dental care for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Kildahl Arvid Nikolai , Berggren Tiril , Rønneberg Anne , Molnes Charlotte Serina Yksnøy , Nordgarden Hilde
Published: January 2024

People with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of dental anxiety and poor oral health. In addition, people with intellectual disabilities are at increased risk of potentially traumatic experiences, such as violence and sexual abuse, and appear to be more vulnerable to developing trauma‐related disorders following such experiences. While psychological trauma is associated with poor oral health and dental anxiety in the general population, the potential link between dental anxiety, poor oral health and psychological trauma is yet to be explored in people with intellectual disabilities. In this conceptual paper, we provide an overview of recent findings concerning the relationships between oral health and intellectual disabilities, psychological trauma and intellectual disabilities, as well as between psychological trauma and oral health, and discuss the relevance of these findings related to dental care for people with intellectual disabilities. We conclude that psychological trauma is likely to contribute to dental anxiety and poor oral health also in people with intellectual disabilities. Implications include an urgent need for research exploring how trauma affects oral health and experiences of dental care for people with intellectual disabilities, as well as the importance of individualized and trauma‐informed dental care for these individuals.
Deep learning‐based association analysis of root image data and cucumber yield
Authors: Zhu Cuifang , Yu Hongjun , Lu Tao , Li Yang , Jiang Weijie , Li Qiang
Published: January 2024

The root system is important for the absorption of water and nutrients by plants. Cultivating and selecting a root system architecture (RSA) with good adaptability and ultrahigh productivity have become the primary goals of agricultural improvement. Exploring the correlation between the RSA and crop yield is important for cultivating crop varieties with high‐stress resistance and productivity. In this study, 277 cucumber varieties were collected for root system image analysis and yield using germination plates and greenhouse cultivation. Deep learning tools were used to train ResNet50 and U‐Net models for image classification and segmentation of seedlings and to perform quality inspection and productivity prediction of cucumber seedling root system images. The results showed that U‐Net can automatically extract cucumber root systems with high quality (F1_score ≥ 0.95), and the trained ResNet50 can predict cucumber yield grade through seedling root system image, with the highest F1_score reaching 0.86 using 10‐day‐old seedlings. The root angle had the strongest correlation with yield, and the shallow‐ and steep‐angle frequencies had significant positive and negative correlations with yield, respectively. RSA and nutrient absorption jointly affected the production capacity of cucumber plants. The germination plate planting method and automated root system segmentation model used in this study are convenient for high‐throughput phenotypic (HTP) research on root systems. Moreover, using seedling root system images to predict yield grade provides a new method for rapidly breeding high‐yield RSA in crops such as cucumbers.
Numerical solution of coupled system of Emden-Fowler equations using artificial neural network technique
Authors: Kumar Ashish , Kumar Manoj , Goswami Pranay
Published: January 2024

In this paper, a deep artificial neural network technique is proposed to solve the coupled system of Emden-Fowler equations. A vectorized form of algorithm is developed. Implementation and simulation of this technique is performed using Python code. This technique is implemented in various numerical examples, and simulations are conducted. We have shown graphically how accurately this method works. We have shown the comparison of numerical solution and exact solution using error tables. We have also conducted a comparative analysis of our solution with alternative methods, including the Bernstein collocation method and the Homotopy analysis method. The comparative results are presented in error tables. The efficiency and accuracy of this method are demonstrated by these graphs and tables.
Evolutionary feedback from the environment shapes mechanisms that generate genome variation
Authors: Caporale Lynn Helena
Published: January 2024

Darwin recognized that ‘a grand and almost untrodden field of inquiry will be opened, on the causes and laws of variation.’ However, because the Modern Synthesis assumes that the intrinsic probability of any individual mutation is unrelated to that mutation's potential adaptive value, attention has been focused on selection rather than on the intrinsic generation of variation. Yet many examples illustrate that the term ‘random’ mutation, as widely understood, is inaccurate. The probabilities of distinct classes of variation are neither evenly distributed across a genome nor invariant over time, nor unrelated to their potential adaptive value. Because selection acts upon variation, multiple biochemical mechanisms can and have evolved that increase the relative probability of adaptive mutations. In effect, the generation of heritable variation is in a feedback loop with selection, such that those mechanisms that tend to generate variants that survive recurring challenges in the environment would be captured by this survival and thus inherited and accumulated within lineages of genomes. Moreover, because genome variation is affected by a wide range of biochemical processes, genome variation can be regulated. Biochemical mechanisms that sense stress, from lack of nutrients to DNA damage, can increase the probability of specific classes of variation. A deeper understanding of evolution involves attention to the evolution of, and environmental influences upon, the intrinsic variation generated in gametes, in other words upon the biochemical mechanisms that generate variation across generations. These concepts have profound implications for the types of questions that can and should be asked, as omics databases become more comprehensive, detection methods more sensitive, and computation and experimental analyses even more high throughput and thus capable of revealing the intrinsic generation of variation in individual gametes. These concepts also have profound implications for evolutionary theory, which, upon reflection it will be argued, predicts that selection would increase the probability of generating adaptive mutations, in other words, predicts that the ability to evolve itself evolves.

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