bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Практики воспитания детей русскоязычными женщинами в Мадриде
Authors: Акифьева Раиса Николаевна
Published: November 2018

В статье представлены результаты исследования практик воспитания детей русскоязычными женщинами-мигрантками, проживающими в Мадриде, которые проявляются в организации повседневной жизни ребенка, в выборе образовательных и досуговых программ и площадок. Целью исследования является изучение влияния района проживания и миграционной специфики семей на практики воспитания детей. Эмпирическую базу составляют интервью с русскоязычными родителями, педагогами и организаторами русскоязычных структурированных форм активности для детей, а также дневники наблюдений, проведенных в ходе посещения данных программ, встреч и прогулок с родителями и детьми. Результаты исследования демонстрируют, что институциональные ресурсы района могут определять разнообразие и выбор структурированных форм активности, в которые оказываются вовлечены дети. Родители используют ряд стратегий, чтобы преодолеть ограниченность востребованных ресурсов и неблагоприятные условия проживания. Миграционная специфика семей, проявляемая в таких особенностях, как уровень владения языком страны рецепции, представления о важности передачи родного языка ребенку, ориентированность на русскоязычное сообщество, опосредует влияние района на практики воспитания1.___________________________

1 Данная статья подготовлена в рамках проекта “Child-rearing practices of Russian-speaking women in Spain in the course of life”, реализуемого при финансовой поддержке Центра изучения Германии и Европы (СПбГУ — Университет Билефельда).
A didactic proposal with the subject of financial education for middle school
Authors: Veiga Alexandre Menezes , Dias Carolina Rodrigues , Olgin Clarissa De Assis , Mancera Martinez Eduardo
Published: November 2018

This article presents a research on the subject of Financial Education, which aims to contribute to research and construction of didactic activities applicable to High School, which relate mathematical content to this theme. The methodological approach used was the qualitative research, because, through descriptive data, we tried to understand the phenomena involved in the situation under study. Thus, a theoretical contribution was the Olgin's (2015) research on the work with topics of interest for student formation and for the Mathematics Curriculum and another contribution was the research in the Brazilian legislation on the theme Financial Education for High School, aiming at subsidies for the construction of the didactic activities presented. In the analyzes, it was observed that the research participants present adequate knowledge about the mathematical contents involved in the activities, but they have difficulties regarding the labor laws present in a paycheck, as well as in the moment of the decision regarding the most advantageous financial.
El pensamiento crítico en la educación superior
Authors: Senior Martínez Jorge
Published: November 2018

Numerosas instituciones, tanto de educación básica y media como de educación superior, afirman en sus misiones o en sus P.E.I. que forman ciudadanos con pensamiento crítico.  Sin embargo, el investigador en educación Julián De Zubiría, de la reconocida Fundación Alberto Merani, sostiene que en Colombia sólo el 1% de los mayores de 18 años tiene capacidad de lectura crítica. A pesar de su compromiso con la verdad, el pensamiento crítico no es una isla, puesto que se trata de un aspecto funcional parcial de un sistema nervioso central muy complejo y juega en la práctica de las interacciones personales en el contexto de una sociedad también compleja.
Descripción de los impactos ambientales causados por el inadecuado manejo en la caverna sabana de león y cueva coco loco, municipio de manaure, serranía de perijá, departamento del Cesar- Colombia
Authors: Manco Jaraba Dino Carmelo , Robles Julio Carlos Arturo , Rojas Martínez Elías Ernesto
Published: November 2018

Este estudio se basa en la descripción de los impactos ambientales en la Caverna Sabana de León y Cueva Coco Loco ubicadas en el municipio de Manaure departamento del Cesar. Estos impactos son causados por el mal uso en los ambientes cárstico, ya que realizan actividades no adecuadas tales como quema de basura, grafiti, rompimiento y agrietamiento mecánico de espeleotemas, entre otros.

 Estos ambientes cárstico juegan un papel fundamental en la recuperación y preservación de comunidades biológicas tales como los murciélagos, mil pies, arañas, peces, entre otros. Los murciélagos encontrados en el área de estudio son de habito frugívoro, tales como Mormoops me galopbylla (familia Mormoopidae), común mente conocido como murciélago rostro de fantasma, de mediano tamaño alargado y delgado, y Platyrrbinus dorsalis, común mente conocido como murciélago de nariz ancha de thomas, tamaño mediano, pelaje denso y suave; estas especies juegan un papel fundamental en la recuperación de bosques ya que tienen capacidad de consumir diversos frutos en la noche, y mientras vuelan pueden detectar y dispersar una gran cantidad de semillas.
Análisis vehicular en la carrera 7 de Bogotá D.C. Intersección de estudio carrera 7 x calle 116
Authors: Rodríguez Urrego Daniella , Garnica Quiroga Viviana , Gómez Castro Liz Yineth , Portela Cárdenas Camilo Andrés
Published: November 2018

El incremento vehicular en las ciudades demanda infraestructura vial que garantice movilidad eficiente, segura y confortable, tanto a nivel vehicular como a escala peatonal. Se conoce que las intersecciones semaforizadas son espacios que permiten el desplazamiento seguro del peatón de un punto a otro y otorga a los vehículos la posibilidad de cambio de dirección, como giros a la izquierda (GI) o en U; la realización de estas maniobras altera los tiempos de viaje de los vehículos en circulación, saturando la intersección con mayor intensidad. Es importante identificar el impacto que genera los GI en las intersecciones con fase semafórica destinada para tal fin, por tal razón se referencia la Carrera 7, sobre este corredor se encuentran 40 intersecciones con 53 GI semaforizados; teniendo en cuenta este índice se establece como punto de estudio,  una de las intersecciones con mayor flujo vehicular y nivel de servicio (NS) F  como lo es la Carrera 7 x Calle 116;  así mismo se indica una propuesta de disminución a dos fases del control semafórico existente, con lo cual dicha intersección pararía a un NS teórico C.
La filosofía y la ciencia orientando el conocimiento del ser humano
Authors: Sáenz Vergara Edilma Mireya
Published: November 2018

Philosophy is the basis for the development of sciences. It allows the reasonings required when formulating research problems and to find the solution, allowing the use of methods that facilitate the testing, verification of the obtained results and the search of new knowledge. humans have used schemes that allow to improve the development of science and at the same time they facilitate checking flsafiability level ; an example is the use of mathematics which has served to support thedevelopment of techniques that allow the handling of space and has favored the search for new knowledge.
Comparative study of safety and efficacy profile of repaglinide and voglibose on targeting post prandial hyperglycemia in patients with newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus
Authors: Bobde Jyoti , Kadam Rajesh , Bhosle Deepak
Published: November 2018

Background: In India the number of people with diabetes is increasing day-by-day. Due to a sole “Asian Indian Phenotype,” Indians develop diabetes an era earlier and have an earlier onset of complications. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate more effective treatment strategies at an earlier stage of disease progression.Methods: The present study was prospective, open label, comparative, randomized, parallel group, single center study. Comparison of two post prandial active treatment groups over a period of 3 months. Sixty patients of either sex in the age group of 30-60years with newly diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus, with prandial blood glucose levels >180mg% and <250mg% at screening as per ADA. The effect of repaglinide and voglibose were observed on various parameters i.e. HbA1c, FBS, PBS, BMI.Results: In repaglinide group the mean change in HbA1c from baseline to 3 months was 8.05 to 7.04 (-1.01); on the other hand, in voglibose group from baseline to 3 months was 8.0 to 7.18 (-0.82). Whereas, FBS from 137.57 to 122.90 (-16.67) in repaglinide group; in voglibose group from 139.87 to 125.13 (-14.74). Repaglinide statistically highly significant than voglibose group in improving glycemic indices.Conclusions: Though repaglinide and voglibose were equally effective in improving glycemic indices yet repaglinide showed better results in improving HbA1c, FBG, PBS as compared with voglibose. Repaglinide had minimal side effects as compared to voglibose.
Comparative study of wound healing effect of topical Acacia catechu extract and silver sulfadiazine on excisional wound model in guinea pigs
Authors: Tangeti Sunitha , Gabbita Padmaja , Ponnaluri Raghunatha R. , Kolasani Bhanu P.
Published: November 2018

Background: Impaired and aberrant wound healing imposes a huge financial burden and places an enormous drain in health care resources in the developed world and an insurmountable problem in the developing countries too. In this study, authors have compared the wound healing effect of topical application of Acacia catechu extract with silver sulfadiazine in excisional wound model in guinea pigs.Methods: Twelve guinea pigs were randomly divided into two groups (n=6). The wound healing was observed in excision model. The standard group is treated with silver sulfadiazine (group 1) and the test group with Acacia catechu extract (group 2). The mean wound size expressed in mm2 and the mean percentage of the wound healed was measured on day 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 19. Biopsy was done on day 21 for histopathological examination (HPE).Results: Statistical analysis was done by using unpaired t test for between the groups comparison and by using paired t test for within the group comparison. The mean percentage of the wound healed with-in the groups was found to be statistically highly significant (p value <0.001) and in between the groups was found to be statistically non-significant (p value >0.05). A comparable increase in collagen content and granulation tissue was found on HPE in both the groups on day 21.Conclusions: Wound healing effect of the Acacia catechu extract is equal to and comparable with that of silver sulfadiazine.
Assessment of anti-depressant activity of omega 3 fatty acids in rodents
Authors: Syed Arshaduddin Ahmed , Chandra Kamathi Vipin
Published: November 2018

Background: Depression contributes to significant disease burden at national and global levels. At the personal and domestic level too, depression leads to poor quality of life, causing a huge socioeconomic impact. In the world, over 300 million people are estimated to have depression and the numbers of depressed persons are only projected to go up.Methods: The forced swim test (FST) is one of the most commonly used animal models for assessment of antidepressant effects in rodents. In the modified version of this test, the rats are forced to swim in a glass tank with no means of escape, inducing a behaviour of immobility, which resembles a state of despair, akin to depression in humans. The rats were divided into 6 groups: 1. control group: treated with distilled water; 2. standard group treated with fluoxetine Hcl (10mg/kg); 3.test-1 group treated with omega-3 FAs (300mg/kg); 4.test-2 group treated with a higher dose of omega-3 FAs (500 mg/kg); 5.test-3 group treated with omega-3 FAs (300mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10mg/kg); and 6.test-4 group treated with omega-3 FAs (500 mg/kg) and fluoxetine (10mg/kg).Results: The independent between-groups ANOVA yielded a statistically highly significant result, F (5, 30) = 9.47, P <0.001. Thus, the null hypothesis of no difference between the means was rejected. To further evaluate the nature of the differences between the means of the six groups, the statically significant ANOVA result was followed by Tukey's honest significant difference post-hoc tests.Conclusions: This study finds that omega 3 fatty acids have intrinsic antidepressant activity, and the combination of fluoxetine and omega 3 fatty acids has significantly more antidepressant effect than fluoxetine alone in the forced swim test done on Wistar rats.
Cost variation analysis of various brands of topical eye preparations currently available in Indian pharmaceutical market
Authors: Chandrappa Shukrath , Rajarathna Kavitha
Published: November 2018

Background: Ocular drug delivery is a complex drug delivery system, and topical administration being the most frequently employed route of drug delivery in eye diseases. Many topical eye preparations are sold under brand names. The variation in the costs of the same drug and inadequate information on quality and bio-equivalence makes it difficult for the physician to prescribe the most cost-effective treatment. The objective of this study was to analyse the cost variation in different brands of commonly used topical eye preparations in India.Methods: The minimum and the maximum cost in Rupees (INR) of particular topical eye preparations manufactured by various pharmaceutical companies in the same strength were noted. The percentage cost variation and cost ratio were calculated for each brand.Results: The costs of the total of 19 topical eye preparations available in 26 different formulations in India were analysed and a substantial variation in cost was observed. Of 19 drug formulations studied, the percentage cost variation of 10 drug formulations was more than 100% out of which one had more than 1000% variation. Cost ratio was also observed to be very high and 10 drug formulations had this ratio more than two.Conclusions: There is a wide variation in the prices of different brands, so there is an urgent need to raise the awareness of physicians about cost variation to lower the financial burden on patients.
The use of ATC/DDD WHO 2016 and Prescription audit study in the Dermatology OPD of a tertiary care hospital in Jharkhand
Authors: Mishra Priyanki , Suman Shruti , Kesri Umashanker , Mishra Pranay Kumar , Kumari Kusum
Published: November 2018

Background: To study the prescribing patterns, rationale of drug usage and use of anatomical, therapeutic, chemical (ATC) and defined daily dosage (DDD) classification for the monitoring of drug utilization in the dermatology department of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: A retrospective, observational study was conducted in out-patients department of dermatology at RIMS, Ranchi over a period of two months. Rationale of drug usage was assessed by analysing the prescriptions. Defined daily dosage/1000 patients/day of the commonly used medications was compared to the defined daily dosage by World Health Organization in 2016. Data was analysed by statistical tools. Most of the results were expressed in percentages.Results: The prescriptions were rational in most of the cases. Emphasis was more towards the branded drugs. Polypharmacy was evident in many of the prescriptions. The number of DDD/1000 patients/day in cases of antifungals was more than the WHO DDD and less than the WHO DDD in case of antihistaminics.Conclusions: The number of drugs per prescription must be rationalized so as to avoid polypharmacy. The drugs should be prescribed by their generic names also along with the brand names. Generic medicines should be available in the hospital pharmacy so that a more cost-effective treatment can be assured. CMEs and stewardship programs for health care professionals regarding rational drug usage should be organized.
Piperacillin-tazobactam induced hypokalaemia
Authors: Pandya Amee D. , Gupta Sapna , Malhotra Supriya D. , Patel Pankaj
Published: November 2018

Electrolytes imbalance has been reported with the use of several antimicrobials in clinical scenarios. Piperacillin/tazobactam is a commonly used antibiotic with tolerable side effects and broad antimicrobial activity in general practice. Herein we report a case of a 27 year old male presented with Road Traffic Accident with depressed frontal bone fracture, fracture humerus and fracture of great toe complicated with Ventilator associated Pneumonia (VAP) who developed hypokalemia secondary to intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam. Upon withdrawal of the drug, serum potassium normalized in 2 days. There were no other underlying renal or hepatic illness and other causes of hypokalemia. Hypokalemia is a serious adverse effect of piperacillin-tazobactam and should be suspected while treating patients with this drug in clinical practice especially in Intensive Care Units (ICU). We concluded this causality as probable/likely category according to WHO-UMC Causality Categories.
A possible case of exfoliative dermatitis due to ibuprofen in an Eleven-month-old infant
Authors: Chatterjee Sudipto , Vijendra R. , H. T. Yashoda , Salian Neil M.
Published: November 2018

Ibuprofen is a NSAID belonging to the class of propionic acid derivatives which is widely used for its analgesic, antipyretic and anti-inflammatory action. Well-known adverse effects of ibuprofen include gastric irritability leading to nausea and vomiting as well as allergic manifestations such as urticaria and skin rashes. Severe ADRs include renal papillary necrosis, SJS/TEN, and thrombotic events leading to myocardial infarction and stroke. Authors present a case of exfoliative dermatitis in an 11-month-old infant possibly due to ibuprofen. An 11-month-old infant was prescribed syrup ibuprofen by a local medical practitioner for unclear reasons. Three days after ibuprofen therapy, the infant developed erythematous, crusting exfoliative lesions predominantly over the face with a few lesions over the lower abdomen. Subsequently, the infant was admitted to Kempegowda Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center Hospital, Bangalore. A diagnosis of drug-induced exfoliative dermatitis was made after ruling out other causes. Treatment was initiated with intravenous and topical dexamethasone along with saline compressions and amoxicillin + clavulanic acid for secondary bacterial infection as well as topical emollient cream applied over the affected areas. The lesions improved significantly with the above management and the infant recovered enough to be discharged from the hospital after 3 days. The reaction was assessed to be “possible” as per Naranjo and WHO-UMC causality assessment scales, “moderately severe” on modified Hartwig’s severity assessment scale and “not preventable” according to Schumock and Thornton criteria. Severe and serious reactions such as exfoliative dermatitis can be caused by commonly used drugs like ibuprofen.
Clonidine, dexmedetomidine: alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists in neuroscience
Authors: Eldufani Jabril B. , Elahmer Nyruz R. , Nekoui Alireza , Blaise Gilbert A.
Published: November 2018

The alpha-2 adrenergic receptor (α-2 AR) agonists have a long history of use in treating different clinical conditions, such as hypertension, psychiatric entities (e.g., attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder), chronic pain, panic disorders, and, lately, for treating opioid withdrawal syndrome. In recent years, α-2 AR medications have been administered as adjuncts for managing inflammatory conditions, depression, chronic pain, sleep and cognitive disorders. This review will provide some clinical applications in neuroscience for this class of drugs. Understanding the pharmacological mechanisms is essential to obtaining neurochemical data that demonstrate that α-2 AR agonists have potential clinical significance in neuroscience.
Assessment of cold chain and logistics management practices: a cross sectional study in Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Panika Ram K. , Gupta Amarnath
Published: November 2018

Background: Immunization is one of the most effective disease prevention strategies. Potency of vaccine is dependent on effective management of cold chain system at all levels of vaccine handling. This study was carried out to assess the status of cold chain equipment and logistics management practices, Knowledge and practice of CCHs about cold chain equipment and logistics management.Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted in all functional cold chain points of Damoh district using structured questionnaires provided by UNICEF.Results: Only 57.14% and 71% CCPs had dedicated space for dry storage and for conditioning of ice packs respectably. 50% CCPs had correct placement of ice-packs inside DFs. Functional thermometer inside every equipment was available in 86% CCPs. Twice daily temperature recording and temperature of ILRs was within normal range in 93% CCPs. Record of power failures and defrosting/cleaning in temperature log books was found in 57% and 43% CCPs. Temp log book was countersigned by facility in charge in 43% CCPs. UIP vaccines were stored within basket in 93%. Fractional IPV was stock out in 29% CCPs and in 07% CCPs OPV vials were found with not usable VVM. 86%, 72% and 64% of CCHs had knowledge on freeze/temperature sensitive vaccines, cold chain pray and, Shake test. In 79% CCPs expired/wasted vaccines were not documented in stock.Conclusions: Most of the components of cold chain and logistics management practices were satisfactory while there is a gap in other components which needs to be improved.
Knowledge, attitude, and behaviour of patients and pharmacists towards cough and its treatment: a questionnaire-based Pan-India survey
Authors: Prabhudesai Pralhad
Published: November 2018

Background: Cough is one of the most common symptoms for which medical treatment is sought in the outpatient setting. An increased awareness of treatment patterns for the management of cough among pharmacists and patients is essential for its effective management and improving patients' quality of life. Considering the paucity of data from India, present survey was conducted to assess the knowledge, attitude, and behaviour (KAB) regarding cough management among patients and pharmacists in Indian setting.Methods: Patients and pharmacists (≥18 years) were provided with a questionnaire-based survey with domains namely knowledge (patients: 11; pharmacists: 10 questions), attitude (patients: 7; pharmacists: 9 questions), and behaviour and experience (patients: 15; pharmacists: 13 questions).Results: 1000 patients (men: 75%; mean age: 33.85±10.77 years) and 50 pharmacists (men: 100%; mean age: 38.36±10.64 years) completed the survey. The mean knowledge domain scores were moderate for patients (5.66±2.94) and low for pharmacists (3.34 ±2.95). About 31% patients and 72% pharmacists had low knowledge level. The mean attitude domain scores were also low among both the groups (patients: 4.81±3.34; pharmacists: 5.10±4.16). Majority of patients (96%) purchased cough medicines multiple times in a year; ~60% purchased without consulting a physician. Most patients purchased medicines without a prescription (94%) or using an old prescription (88%); but only 12% patients received advice on dosing from the pharmacist. OTC medicines were dispensed to paediatric (up to 30%) and elderly patients (up to 16%) as well.Conclusions:Knowledge and attitude regarding cough and its management is not adequate among patients and pharmacists, which in turn had a negative impact on their behaviour. This study emphasizes the need for awareness programs and healthcare policies for the effective management of cough.
Physical health problems among the geriatric population in Perambalur municipality, Tamil Nadu: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Kulothungan Karthikeyan , M. Tamilarasan , Rock Britto D. , SriRanganathan T. , SriAndaal V.
Published: November 2018

Background: Aging is a complex process that occurs by an increase in cellular injury that occurs at the biological level over a period. These injuries lead to decline in the capacity of the individual due to a gradual reduction in physiological reserves. The objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of common physical health problems and to assess the effect of aging influencing them among the geriatric population.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 9 randomly selected wards among 400 elderly subjects of aged 60 years or above by using probability proportionate to size (PPS) sampling method in urban residents of Perambalur municipality, Perambalur district, Tamil Nadu using semi structured questionnaire. Data entry and analysis was done using SPSS version 16.0.Results: The mean age of the study population was 71.28±7.85. Three-fourths of the study subjects were not doing any work and the majority of them (80%) was living with family members and looked after by their family members (88%). In our study, it was found that the most prevalent common physical health problem among the geriatric population was dental diseases (85.75%) followed by diseases of the locomotor system (81.75%). Almost 99% of the elderly have at least a single system involvement.Conclusions: The preventive and rehabilitative services planned by the government have to be elder-friendly. To improve the health status of the elderly various health schemes, policies and programs can be designed based on the study findings.
Prevalence of non-communicable diseases among the rural population in Maharashtra: a descriptive study
Authors: Pitchai Pothiraj , Augustine Anulucia , Badani Hiloni R. , Anarthe Namrataa H. , Avasare Aiyshwarya
Published: November 2018

Background: Prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is alarmingly increasing along with a rise in population especially in rural India. The objectives of this study are to find out prevalence as well as awareness of NCDs among the rural populations.Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in six rural area of Panvel Taluka. One –stage cluster sampling technique was used to recruit participants from each cluster. WHO STEPS questionnaire tool (STEP I and II) was used to measure NCDs risk factors. Face validated pre-designed questionnaire was used to assess participant’s awareness, attitude, and behavior towards NCDs. The target population was classified into different age groups and gender. Data were analyzed using SPSS Software and a descriptive statistics were applied.Results: A total of 483 males and 417 females participated in this study. Among males, 34.8% consumed smoked tobacco whereas 21.8% of females consumed smokeless tobacco. Only 9.32% of male participants were reported as current alcohol drinkers. Both the genders did not meet the recommended amount of fruit consumption. Insufficient physical activity amongst males was 45.21% and females 60.49%. Based on BMI categories 19.04% males were overweight and 27.12% obese and in females 23.02% and 21.34% respectively. Risk of high waist circumference and diabetes was demonstrated more by males whereas females subjected to raised blood pressure. Awareness of NCDs among total subjects found as low as 28%.Conclusions: Awareness about NCDs is alarmingly low among the rural population thus corresponding to an increased prevalence of risk factors.
Envenomation cases reporting to a rural primary health care center in Maharashtra
Authors: Deshpande Swati , Pathak Barsha , Rahini S. , Mecca Rukman
Published: November 2018

Background: Annually in the world 1,200,000 cases of envenomation and 3,250 deaths by scorpion stings ensue. Alarming statistics are also seen for snake bites globally i.e. 421,000 envenoming and 20,000 deaths. India is the country with the highest annual number of envenoming (81,000) and deaths (nearly 11,000).Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study based on hospital record to assess the trend of diverse cases of scorpion sting and snake bite reporting to a rural primary health care center from January 2017 to December 2017. A pre-designed case record proforma was utilized to estimate the percentages of diverse cases of scorpion and snake bites attending the center and assess the demographic profile of the bite cases along with the evaluation of management protocol of these bite cases.Results: 190 cases of envenomation visited the health care center in a year where 165 were scorpion stings and 25 were snake bites. Referral to higher centres for management was established to be more in children and adolescent age groups but the mean age of envenomation was evaluated to be 33.8 years. Remarkable seasonal variation in the envenomation cases was spotted. Anti-snake venom was used for treatment of snake bites but anti-venom was not utilized for scorpion bites.Conclusions: Envenomation cases were common in adults but complications were higher in children and adolescents. We observed gender based risk and a seasonal incidence of envenomation. Most patients of envenomation were successfully managed in rural hospital with limited facilities.
Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among adults in Kashmir (North India): a population based study
Authors: Hanga Asif Jeelani , Mir Irfan Nazir , Ahmad Mir Mujtaba , Raja Waseem , Aleem Seema
Published: November 2018

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), represents an important public health challenge that is both preventable and treatable. This study provides population based spirometry data on the burden of COPD in adult population of Kashmir Valley. Objectives of the study were to estimate the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its associated risk factors in age group 40 years and above among Kashmiri population.Methods: This study was conducted from April 2012 to December 2014. Multi stage gender stratified cluster sampling was employed to select 30 clusters from two blocks of Kashmir. A total of 504 males and 521 females performed acceptable spirometry after providing information on personal characteristics and relevant risk factors. Participants: Adults aged 40 years and above of Kashmiri ethnicity with no contraindication for spirometry. Variables: Proportion of subjects with FEV1/FVC less than 0.70, percent predicted FEV1 and FVC. Statistical methods: Descriptive statistics using frequencies, chi square test.Results: Overall prevalence of COPD at stage I or higher was 15.90%, and was higher in males (19.05) than in females (12.08). The prevalence of Grade 1, 2, 3 and 4 COPD was 8.8%, 5.2%, 1.4% and 0.6% respectively. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) prevalence was associated with increased age and tobacco smoking. COPD prevalence was 2.7%, 22%, 28.2% in non-smokers, ex-smokers and current smokers respectively. 59.5% subjects had a positive history of tobacco exposure.Conclusions: This study concludes that there is a high prevalence of COPD in Kashmir, high prevalence of COPD is attributed to high incidence of tobacco smoking in the study population.
A study on validity of Indian Diabetes Risk Score for screening of diabetes mellitus among rural adult population at Rural Health Training Centre, Bhouri, under Department of Community Medicine
Authors: Namdev Garima , Narkhede Vinod
Published: November 2018

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a major public health problem in India and many of them remain undetected throughout years. This scenario becomes worse in rural setup where limited heath care facilities are available. So, to detect risk of diabetes earlier, Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) is to be used. There is also various socio demographic and anthropometric factors associated with the risk of occurring diabetes. The aims and objectives of the study were to study the validity of IDRS method as a screening tool in community as well as to determine the association of IDRS with socio demographic factors and body mass index (BMI).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on 270 study participants at rural health training centre (RHTC) for a period of around 7 months. All of them were being measured weight, height, waist circumference and calculated BMI. Along with it, they were categorized by applying IDRS method and measured blood sugar by glucometer also.Results: Out of 270 study subjects, 29% found to have high score. By applying IDRS, at score > 60, we found 32% sensitivity and 97% specificity. A statistically significant association of IDRS with age, gender, religion, socioeconomic status (SES), education, occupation and BMI was seen.Conclusions: In present study, IDRS method proved to be a good screening tool for detecting diabetes mellitus at rural set up with minimum cost.
Prediction of risk factors of periodontal disease by logistic regression: a study done in Karnataka, India
Authors: Javali Shivalingappa Basavantappa , Sunkad Mohan Anantarao , Wantamutte Appasaheb Saheb
Published: November 2018

Background: The purpose of the study was to analyze the dependence of oral health diseases i.e. periodontal disease by Community Periodontal Index of Treatment Needs (CPITN) by considering the number of risk factors through the applications of logistic regression model.Methods: This cross sectional study involves a systematic random sample of 600 permanent dentition aged between 18-40 years in Karnataka, India. The mean age was 34.26±7.28. The risk factors of periodontal disease were established by multiple logistic regression models using SPSS 21.0 statistical software.Results: The factors like frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes are significant persistent predictors of periodontal disease. The log likelihood value of full model is –1085.7876 and AIC is 1.2577 followed by reduced regression model are -1019.8106 and 1.1748 respectively for periodontal disease. The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the periodontal disease is 0.6128 (full model) and 0.5821 (reduced model).Conclusions: The logistic regression model is useful in predicting risk factors like-frequency of brushing, timings of cleaning teeth and type of toothpastes for periodontal disease. The fitting performance of reduced logistic regression model is slightly a better fit as compared to full logistic regression model in identifying the these risk factors for both dichotomous periodontal disease.
Assessment of knowledge and skill of sahiyya (ASHA) and anganwadi worker on appropriate usage of mother and child protection card in Ranchi, Jharkhand: a cross sectional study
Authors: Kumar Mithilesh , Shikha Swati , Kashyap Vivek
Published: November 2018

Background: Mother and child protection card (MCP card) is a common card to maintain the record of health care delivery including antenatal care, post-natal care and care of the child that can be used by both the health personnel and the beneficiaries. This study was done among Sahiyyas and AWWs to assess their awareness about MCP card, to find out their training status, to assess their knowledge and skill in recording information in MCP card and assess their role perception of MCP card.Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was adopted to select Sahiyyas and AWW’s for interview between November 2017 – April 2018 (6 months). 17 Sahiyya and 19 AWWs were interviewed using a pre tested schedule. Templates were generated in MS Excel sheet and data analysis was done using SPSS software (version 20).Results: All the Anganwadi workers who were included in this study were aware about the MCP card whereas 15 out of 17 sahiyyas had awareness about the existence of MCP card. Training in order to orient the AWW and Sahiyya about using MCP card was very low, only 6 out of 19 (31.6%) of AWW had received training and 8 out of 17 (47.1%) Sahiyya’s were trained. We found that majority of the workers and Sahiyya had knowlwdge about most of the sections and had used it to record information in MCP card.Conclusions: Sahiyya’s and AWWs were aware about existence of MCP card, and most of them use it, despite very low training status.
Analysis of factors that motivate and prevent the blood donation decision among the medical college students
Authors: Chandrashekhar R. , Basagoudar Shashidhar S. , Hatnoor Shivappa , Kirte Rahul C.
Published: November 2018

Background: Human blood is an essential element of human life. Medical colleges students can be very good source for voluntary blood donation. This study was done with the objectives - to find out the factors motivating blood donation and the factors responsible for not donating the blood among the medical students.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among the students of a government autonomous medical college, situated at northern part of Karnataka, India. Data was collected by a pre tested, semi structured, self administered, questionnaire. All the students studying MBBS in RIMS, Raichur who have joined the course between 2013 -2016 were included in the study.Results: In our study a total of 319 students have participated. Among the total students studied 85 (26.64%) have donated the blood at least once and 234 (73.36%) students have not donated even once. The major motivating factor for voluntary blood donation as responded by students was altruism/ doing good to others (51.8%). Major reason for non-donation of blood was he/she was never been asked for blood donation (56.4%). In the present study, the voluntary blood donation was significantly high among males (40.3%) compared to females (8.7%). Proportion of people who have donated blood increased with each year of study, highest among MBBS phase III Part 2 (53.6%).Conclusions: Having knowledge and attitude alone will not improve the voluntary blood donation unless, blood donation opportunity is available. So creating opportunities for donation of blood through voluntary blood donation drives is very much needed.
Prevalence of overweight/obesity among medical students at Suraram, India
Authors: Dumpala Suguna , Chadaram Balakrishna , Berad Aditya
Published: November 2018

Background: Overweight/obesity is a critical public health problem in both developed and developing nations, has nearly tripled since 1975. In 2016, more than 1.9 B were overweight and 650 M obese. Studies from different parts of India have reported a rise in prevalence of obesity (11 to 37.5%). To date, there are not many studies on the prevalence of obesity among medical students in India. Hence this study was conducted with an objective to assess the prevalence of overweight/obesity and its associated factors among young medical students.Methods: VI Semester MBBS students of the year 2013 batch of Malla Reddy Medical College for Women were interviewed in March and April 2016.Results: Out of 150 participants, 125 responded (83%). Overall prevalence of obesity/overweight was 45%. Mean age of the sample was 20 years (±0.75); more belonged to upper than lower strata (61.6% vs. 38.4%); 86.4% were from nuclear family, means better food and care. Chi-squared test revealed significant differences for age, higher socio-economic status, diet, physical inactivity and co-morbidities associated with obesity/overweight (p<0.05). There was significant positive correlation values between BMI and waist circumference at p<0.01 level. The correlation of BMI with waist circumference is (r=0.675).Conclusions: It is crucial to establish cost-effective strategies like promotion of healthy foods, introducing extra-curricular activities at institutional level, avoiding junk food are likely to have a major effect in reducing obesity among these young medicos. This would also enable them to maintain normal weights, avoid immediate and long-term complications associated with overweight/obesity.
A cross sectional study to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and practice among school children in rural field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru
Authors: Padmini D. B. , Thangaraj Selvi , Ranganath T. S. , Ambiger Netravati
Published: November 2018

Background: Oral health is an integral part of the general health and well being of an individual. Dental caries, periodontal disease and oral mucosal disease constitute the major oral health problems in developing countries. To follow healthy oral habits it is essential to have good oral health knowledge and attitude. Good oral health related knowledge among school children is considered to be an essential prerequisite for improving oral health in a community. The objective of the study was to assess the oral health knowledge, attitude and practice among school children in rural field practice area of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (BMCRI), Bengaluru.Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 140 middle school children choosen randomly from government schools of Nelamangala, Rural field practice area of BMCRI, during September - November 2016. Data was collected using semi- structured questionnaire by interview method and was analyzed by descriptive statistics.Results: Out of 140 students, 67 were males, 73 were females. 49 (35%) students knew that sweetened food or drinks causes dental caries. 60 (42.86%) of them knew that there can be decay of tooth if they do not brush daily. 120 (85.71%) agreed that self care is important to prevent dental problems. 82 (58.57%) had a practice of brushing teeth twice daily.Conclusions: In the present study, there is a gap in the oral health knowledge and practice among school children, which needs to be filled up by regular oral health education to children, parents and teachers as well.
Hair loss in children in rural population
Authors: Manne Vimala , Subhash Reddy D.
Published: November 2018

Background: Among children worldwide, dermatophyte infections are most common constituting a public health problem. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and causative agents of tinea capitis in school children attending primary school located in Hyderabad and to perform an analysis of risk factors associated with tinea capitis as the etiological factor.

Methods: This is a school based, cross sectional, prospective study which was conducted in July 2015. This study was conducted in a school located near Hyderabad.

Results: Out of 600 school children, 298 boys and 302 girls, 100 were diagnosed with a tinea capitis infection after clinical and microbiological examination, with an estimated prevalence rate of 15.0%. The most prevalent dermatophytes isolation in tinea capitis in children were Trichophyton verucosum (90), Trichophyton tonsurans (30), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (28), Microsporum audiouium (15), Trichophyton soudanese (9), Trichophyton violaceum (5), Microsporum ferrugineum (3), Trichophyton schoenleineii (3), Microsporum gallinae (2) and culture negative and KOH positive (10).

Conclusions: This study concluded that the findings suggest that the practices resulting in entrenchment of dermatophyte infections and fungal infection. The promotion of public health action plan based on self hygiene education, which aimed to counteract the epidemiological burden specifically, and it should play an pivotal role in reduction of the prevalence in future of this common infection.
Historical Revisionism in Pakistani Textbooks: A Case Study of Public School Curriculum
Authors: Khan Fatima Ebadat
Published: November 2018

Rising terrorism against religions and ethnic minorities has been an issue for Pakistan in the recent years. This rise in hate crimes and targeted terrorism can be linked with the revisionist history which is being preached through the textbooks of the country. This paper aims to study through a detailed qualitative content analysis how this revisionist history is being created, how facts and language are being manipulated to latently influence the thinking of young school going students to create a feeling if homogeneity within the country in which people that do not become part of the permitted social narrative are looked at upon as outsiders. It was concluded that through distortion, omission of necessary facts and the manipulation of language a systematic narrative is being shaped in the country which creates resentment against religious and ethnic minorities as well as India and the West.
Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Bireylere Güvenlik Becerilerinin Öğretimi: Kapsamlı Betimsel Analiz
Authors: Kıyak Üzeyir Emre , Tuna D. Merve , Tekin-İftar Elif
Published: November 2018

Güvenlik
becerileri tüm bireyler için yaşamsal önem taşıyan becerilerdir. Alanyazında
zihin yetersizliği olan bireylerin, yetersizliği olmayan bireylere göre kazalara,
şiddete, tacize ve ihmale daha fazla maruz kaldığı ifade edilmektedir. Bu
çalışmada, zihin yetersizliği olan bireylere sunulan güvenlik becerileri öğretimini
hedefleyen çalışmaların demografik, yöntemsel ve sonuçları açısından değerlendirilmesi
amaçlanmıştır. Söz konusu çalışmalara ulaşabilmek için elektronik ortamda
taramalar yapılmış, dizin taraması gerçekleştirilmiş ve ulaşılan çalışmaların
kaynakçalarını gözden geçirerek elle tarama yapılmıştır. Taramalar sonucunda
176 çalışmaya ulaşılmış ve dahil etme ve dışlama ölçütleri açısından çalışmalar
değerlendirilerek 33 çalışma betimsel analize alınmıştır. Betimsel analiz
sürecinde her bir çalışma demografik, yöntemsel ve sonuçlarına ilişkin
parametreler açısından analiz edilmiştir. Analizler, farklı yaş ve düzeyde zihin
yetersizliği olan bireylere güvenlik becerilerinin öğretilebildiğini göstermektedir.
Bulgular tartışılarak, araştırmacılara ve uygulamacılara önerilerde
bulunulmuştur.
Isolation and identification of microbial contaminants associated with commercial poultry feeds
Authors: Danbappa Aisha Ali Rabiu , Alhassan Kamalu Abdullahi , Shah M. Manjur
Published: November 2018

Poultry feeds are food materials used in raising poultry birds. Poultry is the second most widely eaten meat in the world, accounting for about 38% of the world meat. The diseases of poultry is like the disease of other animals. They may be caused by pathogenic organisms, nutritional deficiency and from wound. This study was designed and carried out to determine the load and species of fungi and bacteria contaminating poultry feeds. A total of 6 samples were collected from different feed types and source of feeds inside poultry farm and markets feeds. The isolates were identified according to their cultural, microscopic and biochemical properties to the following gram negative bacteria include Escherichia coli and Proteus spp and gram positive bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. The fungi includes Aspergillus niger, Penicillium spp, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus spp, Mucor spp, and Cladosporium spp. It is concluded that poultry feeds, especially those inside farms are harbouring potential pathogenic bacteria and fungi loads that are far above the acceptable levels, thus constituting a public health hazard and necessitate the application of the standard measures for production of feeds by manufacturers and health authorities. Therefore, the study recommends that hygienic production of poultry feed is a public health issue, proper treatment of feed ingredients and application of hygienic measures such as HACCP, starting from harvesting of feed ingredients to the storage, processing of feeds, packaging, transporting and eventual marketing of the bagged feeds is need of the hour.