bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metacognitive beliefs and rumination as predictors of anger: A prospective study
Authors: Caselli Gabriele , Offredi Alessia , Martino Francesca , Varalli Davide , Ruggiero Giovanni M. , Sassaroli Sandra , Spada Marcantonio M. , Wells Adrian
Published: February 2017

The metacognitive approach conceptualizes the relationship between anger and rumination as driven by metacognitive beliefs, which are information individuals hold about their own cognition and about coping strategies that impact on it. The present study aimed to test the prospective predictive impact of metacognitive beliefs and rumination on anger in a community sample. Seventy‐six participants were recruited and engaged in a 2‐week anger, rumination, and metacognitive beliefs monitoring protocol. A multi‐wave panel design was employed to test whether metacognitive beliefs and rumination have a prospective impact on anger. Metacognitive beliefs and rumination were found to have a significant prospective impact on anger that was independent from the number of triggering events. Metacognitive beliefs about the need to control thoughts were shown to have a direct impact on subsequent anger, independently from rumination. These findings provide support for the potential value for applying metacognitive theory and therapy to anger‐related problems. Aggr. Behav. 43:421–429, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Azido and Tetrazolo 1,2,4,5‐Tetrazine N‐Oxides
Authors: Chavez David E. , Parrish Damon A. , Mitchell Lauren , Imler Greg H.
Published: February 2017

This study presents the synthesis and characterization of the oxidation products of 3,6‐diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (1) and 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (2). 3,6‐Diazido‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine‐1,4‐dioxide was produced from oxidation with peroxytrifluoroacetic acid, and more effectively using hypofluorous acid, and 2 can be oxidized to two different products, 6‐amino‐[1,5‐b]tetrazolo‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine mono‐N‐oxide and di‐N‐oxide. These N‐oxide compounds display promising performance properties as energetic materials.
A Phosphorus Bisylide: Exploring a New Class of Superbases with Two Interacting Carbon Atoms as Basicity Centers
Authors: Kögel Julius F. , Margetić Davor , Xie Xiulan , Finger Lars H. , Sundermeyer Jörg
Published: February 2017

Herein we present the first superbase MHPN with two interacting P‐ylide entities. Unlike classical proton sponges, this novel compound class has carbon atoms as basicity centers which are forced into close proximity by a naphthalene scaffold. The bisylide exhibits an experimental pKBH+ value of 33.3±0.2 on the MeCN scale and a calculated gas‐phase proton affinity of 277.9 kcal mol−1 (M062X/6‐311+G**//M062X/6‐31G*+ZPVE method) exceeding that of the corresponding monoylide by nearly 15 kcal mol−1. The origin of the unexpectedly high basicity of the new bisylide was investigated by NMR spectroscopic methods, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction as well as theoretical calculations and can be partly attributed to the rapid exchange of the “acidic” proton between the two basic carbon atoms after protonation.
Experimental study of the miscibility of ABS/PC polymer blends and investigation of the processing effect
Authors: Aid Sara , Eddhahak Anissa , Ortega Zaida , Froelich Daniel , Tcharkhtchi Abbas
Published: February 2017

In the challenging prospect of developing new materials by mixing different polymers to reach a synergetic performance, the present research focuses on the study of the miscibility of two polymers: The acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) composed of a dispersed elastomeric (polybutadiene rubber) polymer embedded in a SAN thermoplastic matrix, and the polycarbonate (PC). It shall be noted that obtaining miscible polymer blends is often a difficult task because of the large size of their molecular chains and the high interfacial tension between the polymer phases. Until now, the most numerous researches developed in this field involve polymer blends obtained by compatibilization techniques in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between initial polymers. The aim of this work is to study the miscibility between ABS and PC. First, two different methods were used to mix the polymers: the twin‐screw extrusion and the dissolution in a common solvent tetrahydrofuran (THF). Then, physicochemical, microscopic observation and rheological characterization were performed on samples of mixtures obtained by both extrusion processing and dissolution method. The measurement of glassy transition temperature (Tg) by differential scanning calorimetry measurements (DSC) and dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) have shown a partial miscibility between the two polymers. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44975.
Possible origin of Theia, the Moon‐forming impactor with Earth
Authors: Dvorak R. , Loibnegger B. , Maindl T. I.
Published: February 2017

Background

The problem of the formation of the Moon is still not explained satisfactorily. While it is a generally accepted scenario that the last giant impact on Earth between some 50 to 100 million years after the starting of the formation of the terrestrial planets formed our natural satellite, there are still many open questions like the isotopic composition, which is identical for these two bodies. In our investigation, we will not deal with these problems of chemical composition but rather undertake a purely dynamical study to find out the probability of a Mars‐sized body (Theia) to collide with the Earth after the formation of the Earth‐like planets.

Materials and Methods

We assume an additional massive body between Venus and Earth, respectively Earth and Mars, which formed there at the same time as the other terrestrial planets. We have undertaken massive n‐body integrations of such a planetary system with four inner planets (we excluded Mercury but assumed one additional body as mentioned before) and the gas giants Jupiter and Saturn. For the present positions of the planets, we have undertaken the integrations for 100 Myrs to be able to check for stable orbits of Theia for or up to tens of millions of years.

Results

We find a probable origin of the Earth impactor at a semi‐major axis of 1:16 AU < aTheia < 1:195 AU; a Theia inside the orbit of Earth suffers from collisions on much shorter time scales.

Conclusion

We can provide a statistical estimation of the collision velocities as well as the collision angles, which will then serve as the basis for further investigation with detailed smooth(ed) particle hydrodynamics computations.
Effectiveness of early administration of tranexamic acid in patients with severe trauma
Authors: Shiraishi A , Kushimoto S , Otomo Y , Matsui H , Hagiwara A , Murata K , Hayakawa M , Maekawa K , Saitoh D , Ogura H , Sasaki J , Shibusawa T , Uejima T , Yaguchi A , Takeda M , Ishikura H , Nakamura Y , Kudo D , Kaneko N , Matsuoka T , Hagiwara Y , Morimura N , Furugori S , Kato H , Kanemura T , Mayama G , Kim S , Takasu O , Nishiyama K
Published: February 2017

Background

A reduction in mortality with the early use of tranexamic acid has been demonstrated in severely injured patients who are bleeding. However, the modest treatment effect with no reduction in blood transfusion has raised concerns. The aim of the present study was to estimate the effectiveness of regular use of tranexamic acid in severely injured patients.

Methods

This multicentre observational study used retrospectively collected data from consecutive injured patients (Injury Severity Score at least 16) treated in 15 Japanese academic institutions in 2012. A propensity score-matched analysis compared patients who did or did not receive tranexamic acid administration within 3 h of injury. Study outcomes included 28-day all-cause and cause-specific mortality, and need for blood transfusion.

Results

Of 796 eligible subjects, 281 were treated with tranexamic acid. Propensity score matching selected a total of 500 matched subjects (250 in each group). Tranexamic acid administration was associated with lower 28-day mortality (10·0 versus 18·4 per cent; difference −8·4 (95 per cent c.i. –14·5 to −2·3) per cent) and lower 28-day mortality from primary brain injury (6·0 versus 13·2 per cent; difference −7·2 (−12·3 to −2·1) per cent). However, there was no significant difference between groups in the need for blood transfusion (33·2 versus 34·8 per cent; difference −1·6 (−9·9 to 6·7) per cent).

Conclusion

Early tranexamic acid use was associated with reduced mortality in severely injured patients, in particular those with a primary brain injury.
The future for laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery
Authors: Stevenson A R L
Published: February 2017

Use the technology to drive standardization
The Effects of Secret Instructions and Yes/no Questions on Maltreated and Non‐maltreated Children's Reports of a Minor Transgression
Authors: Ahern Elizabeth C. , Stolzenberg Stacia N. , McWilliams Kelly , Lyon Thomas D.
Published: February 2017

This study examined the effects of secret instructions (distinguishing between good/bad secrets and encouraging disclosure of bad secrets) and yes/no questions (DID: “Did the toy break?” versus DYR: “Do you remember if the toy broke?”) on 262 maltreated and non‐maltreated children's (age range 4–9 years) reports of a minor transgression. Over two‐thirds of children failed to disclose the transgression in response to free recall (invitations and cued invitations). The secret instruction increased disclosures early in free recall, but was not superior to no instruction when combined with cued invitations. Yes/no questions specifically asking about the transgression elicited disclosures from almost half of the children who had not previously disclosed, and false alarms were rare. DYR questions led to ambiguous responding among a substantial percentage of children, particularly younger children. The findings highlight the difficulties of eliciting transgression disclosures without direct questions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Out‐of‐pocket costs and burden among rural breast cancer survivors
Authors: Pisu Maria , Azuero Andres , Benz Rachel , McNees Patrick , Meneses Karen
Published: February 2017

Little is known about out‐of‐pocket (OOP) costs incurred for medical and health needs by rural breast cancer survivors and what factors may be associated with higher OOP costs and the associated economic burden. Data were examined for 432 survivors participating in the Rural Breast Cancer Survivor Intervention trial. OOP costs were collected using the Work and Finances Inventory survey at baseline and four assessments every 3 months. Mean and median OOP costs and burden (percent of monthly income spent on OOP costs) were reported and factors associated with OOP costs and burden identified with generalized linear models fitted with over‐dispersed gamma distributions and logarithmic links (OOP costs) and with beta distributions with logit link (OOP burden). OOP costs per month since the end of treatment were on average $232.7 (median $95.6), declined at the next assessment point to $186.5 (median $89.1), and thereafter remained at that level. Mean OOP burden was 9% at baseline and between 7% and 8% at the next assessments. Factors suggestive of contributing to higher OOP costs and OOP burden were the following: younger age, lower income, time in survivorship from diagnosis, and use of supportive services. OOP costs burden rural breast cancer survivors, particularly those who are younger and low income. Research should investigate the impact of OOP costs and interventions to reduce economic burden.
Use of denosumab in recurrent chondroblastoma of the squamous temporal bone: a case report
Authors: Calvert Nicholas , Wood David
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Chondroblastoma is a rare, benign bone tumor that represents 1–2% of all primary bone tumors. Denosumab, a monoclonal antibody, has been demonstrated to inhibit the growth of giant cell tumors. We report a case of recurrent chondroblastoma of the squamous temporal bone that is currently suppressed with denosumab.
Giant condyloma acuminatum–malignant transformation
Authors: Papapanagiotou Ioannis K. , Migklis Kyriaki , Ioannidou Georgia , Xesfyngi Dimitra , Kalles Vasileios , Mariolis‐Sapsakos Theodoros , Terzakis Emmanouil
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Giant condyloma acuminata are associated with malignant transformation in up to 50% of cases, high recurrence rate, and poor prognosis. Treatment strategies have included wide local excision, abdominopelvic resection, and addition of radiotherapy and adjuvant and/or neoadjuvant systemic chemotherapy.
A giant uterine tumor in a woman with myotonic dystrophy
Authors: Kataoka Hiroshi , Ueno Satoshi
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

Patients with myotonic dystrophy are at particularly high risk for cancer arising in the endometrium, brain, colon, or ovary. Giant leiomyoma can occur in patients with myotonic muscular dystrophy, a disease accompanied by muscle wasting.
Production of High Quality Syncrude from Lignocellulosic Biomass
Authors: Mathieu Yannick , Sauvanaud Laurent , Humphreys Len , Rowlands William , Maschmeyer Thomas , Corma Avelino
Published: February 2017

Wood chips were hydrothermally treated in near critical point water in the presence of a catalyst to yield a raw biocrude, containing a wide range of organic components. This product was subsequently distilled to remove its heaviest fraction, which tends to yield chary products if heated above 350 °C. The biocrude obtained has an oxygen content of 12 wt % and was subsequently hydrotreated to obtain a hydrocarbon stream. Varying the hydrotreatment operating conditions and catalyst yielded a deoxygenated syncrude which quality improved with operation severity. The hydroprocessed stream produced under very mild conditions can be further upgraded in conventional refinery operations while the stream produced after more severe hydrotreatment can be mixed with conventional diesel. This proof of concept was demonstrated with commercial hydrotreating catalysts, operating between 350 and 380 °C, 40 to 120 bar pressure and 0.5 to 1 h−1 contact time.
The Remarkable Amphoteric Nature of Defective UiO‐66 in Catalytic Reactions
Authors: Hajek Julianna , Bueken Bart , Waroquier Michel , De Vos Dirk , Van Speybroeck Veronique
Published: February 2017

One of the major requirements in solid acid and base catalyzed reactions is that the reactants, intermediates or activated complexes cooperate with several functions of catalyst support. In this work the remarkable bifunctional behavior of the defective UiO‐66(Zr) metal organic framework is shown for acid‐base pair catalysis. The active site relies on the presence of coordinatively unsaturated zirconium sites, which may be tuned by removing framework linkers and by removal of water from the inorganic bricks using a dehydration treatment. To elucidate the amphoteric nature of defective UiO‐66, the Oppenauer oxidation of primary alcohols has been theoretically investigated using density functional theory (DFT) and the periodic approach. The presence of acid and basic centers within molecular distances is shown to be crucial for determining the catalytic activity of the material. Hydrated and dehydrated bricks have a distinct influence on the acidity and basicity of the active sites. In any case both functions need to cooperate in a concerted way to enable the chemical transformation. Experimental results on UiO‐66 materials of different defectivity support the theoretical observations made in this work.
Low‐Temperature Synthesis of Graphene/SiC Nanocomposite Anodes with Super‐Long Cycling Stability
Authors: Yi Xinli , Zhang Yang , He Wen , Zhang Xudong , Yang Guihua , Wang Zhaoyang , Wang Yaoyao , Cheng Qiaohuan
Published: February 2017

The significant effects of the heterogeneous structures of graphene and SiC have recently beendemonstrated for improving the performances of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs), but the synthesis remains a grand challenge, owing to the rather high reaction temperatures (>1200 °C) of SiC crystallization. Herein, we present the design and synthesis of graphene/SiC composite nanosheets by using soda papermaking black liquor (SPBL) as a raw material through the in situ thermochemical method at 800 °C. The graphene/SiC composite has a Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area of 199.7 m2 g−1 and exhibited a reversible capacity of 1044 mAh g−1 at 100 mA g−1 when used as a LIB anode. In addition, this anode retained a stable capacity of 230 mAh g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1 after 1000 cycles. Even at a high current density of 10 A g−1, it could still deliver a capacity of 122 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles. The superior cycle stability of graphene/SiC nanosheets is attributable to the unique nanocomposite structure. More importantly, this can effectively translate and utilize SPBL in the synthesis of high‐performance electrode materials, which greatly reduces the load of SPBL on our environment.
Enrichment and Viability Inhibition of Circulating Tumor Cells on a Dual Acid‐Responsive Composite Nanofiber Film
Authors: Wang Wenqian , Cheng Yaya , Li Yansheng , Zhou Hao , Xu Li‐Ping , Wen Yongqiang , Zhao Liang , Zhang Xueji
Published: February 2017

The formation and metastatic colonization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are responsible for the vast majority of cancer‐related deaths. Over the last decade, drug‐delivery systems (DDSs) have rapidly developed with the emergence of nanotechnology; however, most reported tumor‐targeting DDSs are able to deliver drugs only to solid tumor cells and not CTCs. Herein, a novel DDS comprising a composite nanofiber film was constructed to inhibit the viability of CTCs. In this system, gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were functionalized with doxorubicin (DOX) through an acid‐responsive cleavable linker to obtain Au‐DOX NPs. Then, the Au‐DOX NPs were mixed in a solution of an acid‐responsive polymer {i.e., poly[2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate]} to synthesize the nanofiber film through electrospinning technology. After that, the nanofiber film was modified with a specific antibody (i.e., anti‐EpCAM) to enrich the concentration of CTCs on the film. Finally, the Au‐DOX NPs were released from the nanofiber film, and they consequently inhibited the viability of CTCs by delivering DOX to the enriched CTCs. This composite nanofiber film was able to decrease the viability of CTCs significantly in the suspended and fluid states, and it is expected to limit the migration and proliferation of tumor cells.
Re‐establishing the pecking order: Niche models reliably predict suitable habitats for the reintroduction of red‐billed oxpeckers
Authors: Kalle Riddhika , Combrink Leigh , Ramesh Tharmalingam , Downs Colleen T.
Published: February 2017

Distributions of avian mutualists are affected by changes in biotic interactions and environmental conditions driven directly/indirectly by human actions. The range contraction of red‐billed oxpeckers (Buphagus erythrorhynchus) in South Africa is partly a result of the widespread use of acaracides (i.e., mainly cattle dips), toxic to both ticks and oxpeckers. We predicted the habitat suitability of red‐billed oxpeckers in South Africa using ensemble models to assist the ongoing reintroduction efforts and to identify new reintroduction sites for population recovery. The distribution of red‐billed oxpeckers was influenced by moderate to high tree cover, woodland habitats, and starling density (a proxy for cavity‐nesting birds) with regard to nest‐site characteristics. Consumable resources (host and tick density), bioclimate, surface water body density, and proximity to protected areas were other influential predictors. Our models estimated 42,576.88–98,506.98 km2 of highly suitable habitat (0.5–1) covering the majority of Limpopo, Mpumalanga, North West, a substantial portion of northern KwaZulu‐Natal (KZN) and the Gauteng Province. Niche models reliably predicted suitable habitat in 40%–61% of the reintroduction sites where breeding is currently successful. Ensemble, boosted regression trees and generalized additive models predicted few suitable areas in the Eastern Cape and south of KZN that are part of the historic range. A few southern areas in the Northern Cape, outside the historic range, also had suitable sites predicted. Our models are a promising decision support tool for guiding reintroduction programs at macroscales. Apart from active reintroductions, conservation programs should encourage farmers and/or landowners to use oxpecker‐compatible agrochemicals and set up adequate nest boxes to facilitate the population recovery of the red‐billed oxpecker, particularly in human‐modified landscapes. To ensure long‐term conservation success, we suggest that the effect of anthropogenic threats on habitat distributions should be investigated prior to embarking on a reintroduction program, as the habitat in the historical range may no longer be viable for current bird populations.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized 2,5‐Pyrrolidinediones and β‐Lactams through Diastereospecific Cycloisomerization/Rearrangement of Chiral Ethanolamine‐Derived Ugi Adducts
Authors: Ramanivas Triparagiri , Parameshwar Matam , Gayatri Gaddamanugu , Nanubolu Jagadeesh Babu , Srivastava Ajay Kumar
Published: February 2017

A series of ethanolamine‐derived Ugi four‐component‐reaction adducts were subjected to a base‐mediated cycloisomerization/rearrangement cascade to give functionalized 2,5‐pyrrolidinediones in good‐to‐excellent yields. The method was extended to amino‐acid‐derived chiral ethanolamines to access enantiomerically pure 2,5‐pyrrolidinediones. The reaction is diastereospecific, and mixtures of 2,5‐pyrrolidinediones and β‐lactams were formed with high enantiomeric excess. Mechanistic studies revealed that the reaction proceeds through the formation of a β‐lactam intermediate by intramolecular cyclization in a 4‐exo‐dig fashion. This then rearranges further to give the 2,5‐pyrrolidinedione with the help of the hydroxyethyl appendage. Computational analysis of the reaction profile demonstrated that the intramolecular 4‐exo‐dig cyclization is energetically favoured over the 5‐endo‐dig pathway, so this results in the formation of the β‐lactam.
Opposite patterns of change in perception of imagined and physically induced pain over the course of repeated thermal stimulations
Authors: Gács B. , Szolcsányi T. , Csathó Á.
Published: February 2017

Background

Individuals frequently show habituation to repeated noxious heat. However, given the defensive function of human pain processing, it is reasonable to assume that individuals anticipate that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli. No previous studies have, however, been addressed to this assumption. Therefore, in the current study, we investigated how healthy human individuals imagine the intensity of repeated thermal pain stimulations, and compared this with the intensity ratings given after physically induced thermal pain trials.

Methods

Healthy participants (N = 20) gave pain intensity ratings in two conditions: imagined and real thermal pain. In the real pain condition, thermal pain stimuli of two intensities (minimal and moderate pain) were delivered in four consecutive trials. The duration of the peak temperature was 20 s, and stimulation was always delivered to the same location. In each trial, participants rated the pain intensity twice, 5 and 15 s after the onset of the peak temperature. In the imagined pain condition, participants were subjected to a reference pain stimulus and then asked to imagine and rate the same sequence of stimulations as in the induced pain condition.

Results

Ratings of imagined pain and physically induced pain followed opposite courses over repeated stimulations: Ratings of imagined pain indicated sensitization, whereas ratings for physically induced pain indicated habituation. The findings were similar for minimal and moderate pain intensities.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that, rather than habituating to pain, healthy individuals imagine that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated thermal pain stimuli.

Significance

This study identified opposite patterns of change in perception of imagined pain (sensitization) and physically induced pain (habituation). The findings show that individuals anticipate that they would become increasingly sensitive to repeated pain stimuli, which might also have clinical implications.
Synthesis of polyamine‐bridged polysilsesquioxanes and their adsorption properties for heavy metal ions
Authors: Zhang Chuanfeng , Jin Meng , Sun Changmei , Qu Rongjun , Zhang Ying
Published: February 2017

Four types of polyamine‐bridged polysilsesquioxane adsorbents were prepared via a facile sol‐gel method using pre‐synthesized ethanediamine (EDA)‐ and diethylenetriamine (DETA)‐bridged monomers containing soft organic bridge. Infrared spectra (IR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), elemental analysis, and nitrogen gas adsorption–desorption were used to characterize their structures. Porogen hexadecyl tyimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) was found to be efficient in increasing the porosity of the absorbents. Adsorption experiments at different temperatures showed that the obtained absorbents exhibited relatively high adsorption capacities for Hg(II). Pseudo second‐order model is more suitable for describing the adsorption kinetics in the temperature range of 15–35°C. Compared with Freundlich models, Langmuir isotherm was better to describe the adsorption process of Hg(II) for all adsorbents. Finally, the thermodynamic parameters demonstrated that the adsorption reaction was endothermic and spontaneous. © 2017 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Environ Prog, 36: 1089–1099, 2017
Evolution of gravel surfaces in a sediment‐recirculating flume
Authors: Qin Jie , Zhong Deyu , Wu Teng , Wu Lingli
Published: February 2017

The assumption of the equilibrium state of gravel surfaces in flume experiments under feeding or recirculating conditions is generally justified by three equilibrium criteria based on sediment transport, slopes, and bed features. When these parameters become stable, an experiment is expected to reach equilibrium. This equilibrium state, however, is based on a one‐dimensional model, the Exner equation, which may not truly reflect the equilibrium state of the system considering the complex flow and sediment processes. In this paper, the evolutionary process of a gravel surface is investigated based on a large‐scale recirculating flume experiment. The performances of the three equilibrium criteria are evaluated first, and then the evolution of the bed morphology is studied. The key findings include the following: (1) the sediment transport rate, slopes of water and bed surfaces, and one‐dimensional morphological features reach equilibrium roughly simultaneously; (2) two‐dimensional morphology continually evolves after these characteristics reach equilibrium, which is confirmed by the characteristics of the sediment transport process; and (3) the results from a numerical simulation suggest that a much longer time is required to reach an equilibrium state. Our results suggest that sufficient experimental time is required to investigate the equilibrium morphological characteristics of gravel surfaces, which is much longer than the equilibrium time reflected by the one‐dimensional equilibrium criteria. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pricing Vulnerable Options with Jump Clustering
Authors: Ma Yong , Shrestha Keshab , Xu Weidong
Published: February 2017

This paper presents a valuation of vulnerable European options using a model with self‐exciting Hawkes processes that allow for clustered jumps rather than independent jumps. Many existing valuation models can be regarded as special cases of the model proposed here. Using numerical analyses, this study also performs sensitivity analyses and compares the results to those of existing models for European call options. The results show that jump clustering has a significant impact on the option value. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark
Mice lacking BCAS1, a novel myelin‐associated protein, display hypomyelination, schizophrenia‐like abnormal behaviors, and upregulation of inflammatory genes in the brain
Authors: Ishimoto Tetsuya , Ninomiya Kensuke , Inoue Ran , Koike Masato , Uchiyama Yasuo , Mori Hisashi
Published: February 2017

The abnormal expression and function of myelin‐related proteins contribute to nervous system dysfunction associated with neuropsychiatric disorders; however, the underlying mechanism of this remains unclear. We found here that breast carcinoma amplified sequence 1 (BCAS1), a basic protein abundant in the brain, was expressed specifically in oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells, and that its expression level was decreased by demyelination. This suggests that BCAS1 is a novel myelin‐associated protein. BCAS1 knockout mice displayed schizophrenia‐like behavioral abnormalities and a tendency toward reduced anxiety‐like behaviors. Moreover, we found that the loss of BCAS1 specifically induced hypomyelination and the expression of inflammation‐related genes in the brain. These observations provide a novel insight into the functional link between oligodendrocytes and inflammation and/or abnormal behaviors.
Investigation of p16 status, chemotherapy regimen, and other nutrition markers for predicting gastrostomy in patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Brown Teresa E. , Wittholz Kym , Way Mandy , Banks Merrilyn D. , Hughes Brett G. M. , Lin Charles Y. , Kenny Lizbeth M. , Bauer Judith D.
Published: February 2017

Background

The purpose of this study was to determine if p16 status, chemotherapy regimen, or other nutrition markers could improve protocol accuracy in predicting proactive gastrostomy in patients with head and neck cancer.

Methods

Patients who received curative treatment from July 2010 to June 2011 were included (n = 269). Associations among dependent variables (age, sex, tumor site, staging, treatment, p16 status, albumin, and Malnutrition Screening Tool [MST] score), the protocol risk rating, and requirement for proactive gastrostomy were examined.

Results

Current protocol correctly identified 81 of 88 high‐risk patients (92%) for gastrostomy, but incorrectly classified 32 of 181 low‐risk patients (18%). Analysis of low‐risk patients with oral or oropharyngeal cancers, found p16‐positive disease had 4.4 times greater odds (p = .049), and those at risk of malnutrition had 4.5 times greater odds (p = .019) of requiring gastrostomy.

Conclusion

Malnutrition risk and p16 status could be used to identify further patients who may benefit from proactive gastrostomy. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 868–875, 2017
Maxillary ameloblastoma: Factors associated with risk of recurrence
Authors: Yang Rong , Liu Zheqi , Peng Canbang , Cao Wei , Ji Tong
Published: February 2017

Background

Maxillary ameloblastomas are rare and associated with an aggressive course because of the anatomic composition of the maxilla and adjacent structures. The risk factors associated with recurrence were analyzed in this retrospective study.

Methods

Cases of maxillary ameloblastoma reported in a tertiary hospital from 2005 to 2015 were analyzed to identify clinicopathological and radiological factors associated with recurrence using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.

Results

A total of 890 patients with ameloblastomas were treated in this study, of whom only 51 (5.7%) had maxillary ameloblastomas. The median follow‐up period was 56 ± 28.65 months. Of the maxillary ameloblastomas, 29 (56.8%) were primary and 22 (43.1%) were recurrent. Soft tissue or maxillary sinus invasion and primary or recurrent tumor status were risk factors significantly associated with recurrence in the univariate analyses (p = .006 vs p = .025, respectively), whereas the association between recurrence and surgical methods was borderline significant (p = .08). The multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that soft tissue or maxillary sinus involvement was significantly associated with recurrence (p = .023).

Conclusion

Recurrent tumors and tumors with soft tissue or maxillary sinus involvement were risk factors for recurrence among patients with maxillary ameloblastoma. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 996–1000, 2017
Total laryngectomy with primary tracheoesophageal puncture: Intraoperative versus delayed voice prosthesis placement
Authors: Robinson Rachelle A. , Simms Virginia A. , Ward Elizabeth C. , Barnhart Molly K. , Chandler Sophie J. , Smee Robert I.
Published: February 2017

Background

Studies support using intraoperative voice prosthesis insertion performed at the time of primary tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) during laryngectomy. However, none have compared intraoperative voice prosthesis insertion with delayed voice prosthesis insertion. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine patient, services, and cost benefits of intraoperative versus delayed voice prosthesis placement.

Methods

Voice prosthesis use, duration to the first voice prosthesis change, early communication, and costs were compared between 14 patients who underwent a laryngectomy and who received intraoperative voice prosthesis placement, and 10 patients who underwent initial catheter stenting and then delayed voice prosthesis insertion.

Results

Intraoperative voice prosthesis placement was associated with significantly fewer early device changes (1.4 vs 2), voice prosthesis changes because of resizing (8% vs 80%), longer durations to initial voice prosthesis change (159.7 vs 24.5 days), earlier commencement of voice rehabilitation (13.2 vs 17.6 days), reduced length of hospital stay (17.2 vs 24.5 days), and cost savings of $559.83/person.

Conclusion

Superior clinical and patient benefits are associated with intraoperative voice prosthesis placement during primary TEP. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 39: 1138–1144, 2017
Quantitative cognitive‐test characterization of reconnectable implantable fiber‐optic neurointerfaces for optogenetic neurostimulation
Authors: Fedotov I. V. , Ivashkina O. I. , Pochechuev M. S. , Roshchina M. A. , Toropova K. A. , Fedotov A. B. , Anokhin K. V. , Zheltikov A. M.
Published: February 2017

Cognitive tests on representative groups of freely behaving transgenic mice are shown to enable a quantitative characterization of reconnectable implantable fiber‐optic neurointerfaces for optogenetic neurostimulation. A systematic analysis of such tests provides a robust quantitative measure for the cognitive effects induced by fiber‐optic neurostimulation, validating the performance of fiber‐optic neurointerfaces for long‐term optogenetic brain stimulations and showing no statistically significant artifacts in the behavior of transgenic mice due to interface implantation.

magnified image
Final Regulations on Software Development Qualifying for Research Tax Credit
Authors: Dennis‐Escoffier Shirley
Published: February 2017

The research tax credit has served as a financial incentive to encourage innovative businesses to increase their spending on research and development of new technologies and products; however, a special provision restricts the ability of businesses to claim the research tax credit for expenditures related to development of internal‐use software. Over the past 30 years, the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has issued several sets of proposed regulations in an attempt to clearly define internal‐use software but these attempts were criticized as not adequately reflecting the technological advances of the Internet and the important role of software in all business activities. Finally, in October 2016, the IRS issued regulations providing guidance for identifying software development activities that are considered internal‐use software and those that are not, expanding the opportunities for businesses to claim research credits for software‐related expenditures. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Dissection of Regulatory Elements During Direct Conversion of Somatic Cells Into Neurons
Authors: Soleimani Tahereh , Falsafi Nafiseh , Fallahi Hossein
Published: February 2017

A revolutionary approach that involves direct conversion of somatic cells into almost any other types of cells showed promising results for regenerative medicine. Currently, producing valuable cell types including neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes through direct conversion of somatic cells appear to be a feasible option for regenerative medicine. The process involves inducing the cells by chemical cocktails or by expression of different types of transcription factors. In this concept, in vitro neurogenesis considered to be able to produce neuron cells to replace damaged neurons especially in Alzheimer and Parkinson disease. However, early successful experiments followed by major drawbacks such as low differentiation efficiency in producing neurons and detection of various undesirable types of cells in the culture. Therefore, there is not a single optimized common protocol for producing high quality neurons in vitro so far. This is partly due to the lack of our understanding about the precise cellular, genetic, and molecular mechanisms underlying neurogenesis via direct conversion. In the current work, we have employed meta‐analysis tools and extensive gene regulatory network analysis on the high throughput gene expression data obtained from previous reprogramming protocols to identify central gene regulatory components involved in direct conversion of fibroblasts into neurons. Our results identified miR‐9, miR‐30 as the most important miRNA and TP53, MYC, JUN, SP1, and SMAD2 considered to be the most important transcription factors. These findings would be useful for direct targeting these hub regulatory elements in order to increase the efficacy and specificity of the conversion protocols. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3158–3170, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of Egg Envelope Thickness in Teleosts and its Relationship to the Sites of ZP Protein Synthesis
Authors: Sano Kaori , Kawaguchi Mari , Katano Keita , Tomita Kenji , Inokuchi Mayu , Nagasawa Tatsuki , Hiroi Junya , Kaneko Toyoji , Kitagawa Takashi , Fujimoto Takafumi , Arai Katsutoshi , Tanaka Masaru , Yasumasu Shigeki
Published: February 2017

Teleost egg envelope generally consists of a thin outer layer and a thick inner layer. The inner layer of the Pacific herring egg envelope is further divided into distinct inner layers I and II. In our previous study, we cloned four zona pellucida (ZP) proteins (HgZPBa, HgZPBb, HgZPCa, and HgZPCb) from Pacific herring, two of which (HgZPBa and HgZPCa) were synthesized in the liver and two (HgZPBb and HgZPCb) in the ovary. In this study, we raised antibodies against these four proteins to identify their locations using immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that inner layer I is constructed primarily of HgZPBa and Ca, whereas inner layer II consists primarily of HgZPBa. HgZPBb and Cb were minor components of the envelope. Therefore, the egg envelope of Pacific herring is primarily composed of liver‐synthesized ZP proteins. A comparison of the thickness of the fertilized egg envelopes of 55 species suggested that egg envelopes derived from liver‐synthesized ZP proteins tended to be thicker in demersal eggs than those in pelagic eggs, whereas egg envelopes derived from ovarian‐synthesized ZP proteins had no such tendency. Our comparison suggests that the prehatching period of an egg with a thick egg envelope is longer than that of an egg with a thin egg envelope. We hypothesized that acquisition of liver‐synthesized ZP proteins during evolution conferred the ability to develop a thick egg envelope, which allowed species with demersal eggs to adapt to mechanical stress in the prehatching environment by thickening the egg envelope, while pelagic egg envelopes have remained thin.
Cross reactivity of commercial anti‐dengue immunoassays in patients with acute Zika virus infection
Authors: Felix Alvina Clara , Souza Nathalia C. Santiago , Figueiredo Walter M. , Costa Angela A. , Inenami Marta , da Silva Rosangela M.G. , Levi José Eduardo , Pannuti Claudio Sergio , Romano Camila Malta
Published: February 2017

Several countries have local transmission of multiple arboviruses, in particular, dengue and Zika viruses, which have recently spread through many American countries. Cross reactivity among Flaviviruses is high and present a challenge for accurate identification of the infecting agent. Thus, we evaluated the level of cross reactivity of anti‐dengue IgM/G Enzyme‐Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA) from three manufacturers against 122 serum samples obtained at two time‐points from 61 patients with non‐dengue confirmed Zika virus infection. All anti‐dengue ELISAs cross reacted with serum from patients with acute Zika infection at some level and a worrisome number of seroconversion for dengue IgG and IgM was observed. These findings may impact the interpretation of currently standard criteria for dengue diagnosis in endemic regions.
Late Quaternary lake evolution in the Gaxun Nur basin, central Gobi Desert, China, based on quartz OSL and K‐feldspar pIRIR dating of paleoshorelines
Authors: Li Guoqiang , Li Fangliang , Jin Ming , She Linlin , Duan Yanwu , Madsen David , Wang Leibin , Chen Fahu
Published: February 2017

Paleoenvironmental changes in the Gobi Desert of Mongolia are of global significance because fluvial and lacustrine deposits in the region constitute one of the dominant sources of Northern Hemisphere dust. A series of well‐preserved geomorphic shoreline features at different elevations around the Gaxun Nur basin, central Gobi Desert, indicate past fluctuations of the basin's terminal lake. We measured the exact elevation of shorelines in the basin using a Differential Global Positioning System, and found six shorelines at ∼24, ∼20, ∼18, ∼16, ∼15 m and ∼8 m above the modern basin floor. Quartz optically stimulated luminescence and K‐feldspar post‐infrared infrared stimulated luminescence methods were used to date these shoreline features. The reliability of the dates was confirmed using internal checks of luminescence characteristics and by comparing the quartz and K‐feldspar ages. Our results suggest a lake developed in the Gaxun Nur basin by at least ∼121 ka. Lake levels increased from ∼8 to ∼24 m from ∼121 to ∼85 ka. A 20–13‐m‐deep lake again formed in the basin between ∼8.4 and 0.8 ka. Monsoonal precipitation and temperature variations during Marine Isotope Stage 5 and the mid–late Holocene were the likely causes of paleolake formation and lake level fluctuations.
Recent advances in γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) properties in pulses: an overview
Authors: Nikmaram Nooshin , Dar BN , Roohinejad Shahin , Koubaa Mohamed , Barba Francisco J , Greiner Ralf , Johnson Stuart K
Published: February 2017

Beans, peas, and lentils are all types of pulses that are extensively used as foods around the world due to their beneficial effects on human health including their low glycaemic index, cholesterol lowering effects, ability to decrease the risk of heart diseases and their protective effects against some cancers. These health benefits are a result of their components such as bioactive proteins, dietary fibre, slowly digested starches, minerals and vitamins, and bioactive compounds. Among these bioactive compounds, γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA), a non‐proteinogenic amino acid with numerous reported health benefits (e.g. anti‐diabetic and hypotensive effects, depression and anxiety reduction) is of particular interest. GABA is primarily synthesised in plant tissues by the decarboxylation of l‐glutamic acid in the presence of glutamate decarboxylase (GAD). It is widely reported that during various processes including enzymatic treatment, gaseous treatment (e.g. with carbon dioxide), and fermentation (with lactic acid bacteria), GABA content increases in the plant matrix. The objective of this review paper is to highlight the current state of knowledge on the occurrence of GABA in pulses with special focus on mechanisms by which GABA levels are increased and the analytical extraction and estimation methods for this bioactive phytochemical. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
Responses of Degraded Tibetan Kobresia Pastures to N Addition
Authors: Liu Shibin , Schleuss Per‐Marten , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: February 2017

Kobresia pastures on the Tibetan Plateau are the largest alpine pastoral ecosystems. Kobresia pastures have experienced severe degradation in recent decades, inducing large nitrogen (N) losses from these ecosystems. This is particularly problematic, as it intensifies prevailing N limitation in these regions. Simultaneously, anthropogenic N deposition has increased across these ecosystems, but the fate of added N on variously degraded Kobresia pastures remains unclear. Kobresia pastures of three degradation stages were investigated: living, dying and dead root mats. High and very low (as a tracer) amounts of 15N‐labelled ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) were applied to root mats under controlled conditions. Leaching was simulated over 3 months, and 15N recovery was measured in the plant–soil system. N addition promoted aboveground biomass and foliar N content of Kobresia during the early growth period, indicating a short‐term offset of N limitation. After 7–8 weeks, plant growth and 15N uptake were reduced in plants with initial N addition, reflecting a transition to N limitation induced by N uptake and leaching from soil. This limitation was also indicated by the strong decline of NO3− in leachates from living root mats compared with degraded root mats. Leaching N losses from dying and dead root mats increased 2⋅2 and 6⋅3 times, respectively, compared with those of living root mats. We conclude that N addition can facilitate plant growth in living root mats but contributes to N leaching in degraded pastures. This contribution to N leaching may weaken ecosystem recovery, increase NO3− loading of adjacent lower landscape parts and cause eutrophication of aquatic ecosystems. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Relating Intensity of Soil Redistribution to Land Use Changes in Abandoned Pyrenean Fields Using Fallout Caesium‐137
Authors: Navas Ana , Quine Timothy A , Walling Des E , Gaspar Leticia , Quijano Laura , Lizaga Iván
Published: February 2017

Fallout caesium‐137 has been used to trace soil redistribution in abandoned fields located in the Central Spanish Pyrenees. A total of 28 fields with different lengths, slope angles and time since abandonment were selected on a representative south‐facing slope of the Estarrún valley. The local reference inventory and the magnitude and spatial distribution of 137Cs inventories within these fields were documented and used as a basis for assessing patterns of soil redistribution. The local reference inventory was estimated to be 4,500 Bqm−2. Within the fields, the average 137Cs inventory at the top of the slope was 3,920 Bqm−2, and accumulation of soil at the bottom of the slopes was demonstrated by an average 137Cs inventory of 5,320 Bqm−2. Deviations from the reference inventory were highest for fields with the longest slopes that had been abandoned for less than 30 years. Here, increases in the 137Cs inventory, relative to the reference inventory, in excess of 20% were found at the bottom of the slopes. Considering all the fields and all geomorphic positions within the fields, the greatest 137Cs losses and gains were found in the fields with the longest duration of abandonment, indicating more intense soil redistribution. Irrespective of the timing of abandonment, the ranges of 137Cs inventories in the fields were found to be proportional to the water erosion index. The 137Cs technique demonstrated that patterns of sediment redistribution were closely related to the topographic and physiographic characteristics of the slopes. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.