bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of ablative and non-ablative laser shock peening on AA7075-T651 corrosion and fatigue performance
Authors: Sanchez A. G. , Leering M. , Glaser D. , Furfari D. , Fitzpatrick M. E. , Wharton J. A. , Reed P. A. S.
Published: September 2021

The fatigue performance from pre-corroded pits was studied in laser-shock-peened AA7075-T651 with and without a protective ablation-layer. Surface and microstructural characterisation showed laser-shock-peening generated residual stresses up to −400MPa, limited hardness and moderate surface roughness increase. The laser-shock-peened specimens were exposed to 3.5 wt-% sodium chloride solution for different levels of galvanostatic control. The compressive residual stresses did not significantly affect corrosion behaviour, or corrosion pit morphology. Laser-shock-peening-induced surface roughness had the most detrimental impact on corrosion performance. Fatigue testing of pre-corroded AA7075-T651 showed pits act as stress concentrations. Cracks initiated shortly after dynamic loading, reducing fatigue life by 50%. Laser-shock-peening increased fatigue life by 400% compared to corroded-untreated AA7075-T651, due to residual stresses effectively counteracting stress concentrations produced by pits.

Highlights Pre-corroded laser-peened (LSP and LSPwC) AA7075-T651 fatigue performance is investigated. XRD and incremental hole drilling show deeper compressive residual stresses for LSPwC compared to LSP. Electrochemical tests show no significant changes in corrosion behaviour after laser peening. Fatigue testing and fractography show compressive residual stresses effectively counteract stress concentrations at pits.
An investigation of the magnetization of water and its influence on the solubility of Monoammonium Phosphate
Authors: Mghaiouini Redouane , Salah Mohammed , El Jouad Zouhair , Monkade Mohamed , EL Bouari Abdeslam
Published: September 2021

Fertilization is one of the essential techniques in agriculture. Monoammonium Phosphate (MAP) is the most widely used in the field of soil fertilization. The effectiveness of MAP in the field of fertigation, depends on its solubility in water. Three experimental factors such as MAP content, magnetization time, and water type were taken into account to optimize the experimental factors for a large value of Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). In our study, we chose the complete factorial model by the Minitab software, 9 experiments (3*3). The TDS is clearly influenced by the type of water, followed by magnetization time and finally the MAP content. The percentage contribution of water type, magnetization time (tm), and MAP content on the TDS was 68%, 17%, 4%, respectively. The optimal balance of factors for a value of TDS large was 16% MAP, 10 min water magnetization, and type of water (Tap water). The outcomes of this paper can encourage farmers to adopt more environmentally friendly farming practices in their management of fertigation.
Unpolarized proton DVCS at 10.6 GeV with CLAS12 at Jefferson Lab
Authors: Christiaens Guillaume
Published: September 2021

Data taking with the new CLAS12 spectrometer at Jefferson Laboratory started in 2018 with a longitudinally polarized electron beam at 10.6 GeV sent on an unpolarized liquid hydrogen target. In this paper, a first glance at beam-spin asymmetry of photon electroproduction ep → e’p′γ from the Spring 2018 data set is presented.
Characterization and Comparison of Wood charcoal from Traditional Charcoal Burning Using Different Processes
Authors: Laorach Lumpoon , Jutajan Watcharanon , Masakul Pristanuch
Published: September 2021

This research aimed to study the physical and chemical characteristics of wood charcoals burned using three traditional burning processes, i.e., burning by the clay kiln, the cement kiln and the high temperature kiln. The physical and chemical characteristics of the charcoal samples were studied as follows density, carbon content, application efficiency, general appearance, moisture content, heating value, fire flakes and smoke. Then, the tested results of charcoal samples were compared with the community standard for charcoal production, 658/2547. Moreover, the chemical compositions of samples were also investigated by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The studied results shown that the amount of compositions elements found in all three charcoal were composed of Carbon, Oxygen and Potassium as the main elements. It was found that the carbon content of charcoal sample burned by the high temperature kiln process was highest as compared to the charcoals obtained from two burning processes.
Effects of the ratio of Al/Ti target current on the chemical composition, structure, morphology, wettability and corrosion resistance of sputtered titanium aluminium films
Authors: Rattana T , Choeysuppaket A
Published: September 2021

Titanium aluminium (TiAl) alloy thin films were deposited on silicon wafer and stainless steel substrate by sputtering method. The effects of the Al/Ti target current ratio (R) on chemical composition, structure, surface morphology, wettability, and corrosion resistance of the deposited films were investigated using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), contact angle measurement, and potentiostat, respectively. In the experiment, when the Al/Ti target current ratio increased from 0.375 to 1.5, the Al/Ti concentration ratio of the deposited films increased. When the Al/Ti target current ratios were 1.0 and 1.5, the deposited film structure exhibited γ-TiAl phase with tetragonal crystal structure. Moreover, the Al/Ti target current ratio of 1.5 provided the deposited film with the highest crystallinity, surface roughness, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance.
Study on Judd-Ofelt theory for Er3+ and Yb3+ doped tungsten gadolinium borate glasses for NIR lighting application
Authors: Jarucha N. , Wantana N. , Ruangtaweep Y. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: September 2021

The tungsten gadolinium borate glass doped with Er3+ and co-doped with Er3+/Yb3+ were prepared by melt quenching technique to study the absorption, Judd-Ofelt theory, and luminescence properties. The glass composition (30-x) B2O3 - 42.5 WO3 - 27.5 Gd2O3 - xEr2O3 (where x = 0.1 mol %) and (30-x-y) B2O3 - 42.5 WO3 - 27.5 Gd2O3 - xEr2O3 - yYb2O3 (where x = 0.1 mol % and y = 1.0 mol %). The absorption spectra display the absorption peaks of the samples correspond with Yb3+ and Er3+ in the glass network, and the spectral parameters of each absorption and emission peaks were calculated using the Judd-Ofelt theory. NIR photoluminescence under 978 nm excitation was measured of glass in the region 1400-1700 nm. NIR emission display a peak centered at 1543 nm. This research is available for tunable laser and conventional-length optical amplifier.
The Gamma Rays Shielding Properties of Barium Phosphate Glasses in Energy Range 1 keV to 108 keV
Authors: Jarupreedephad K. , Borisut P. , Chaiphaksa W. , Limkitjaroenporn P. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: September 2021

This research aimed theory of gamma ray shielding properties investigation of (100-x)P2O5:xBaO glass systems (where x = 5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, 75 mol. %), were calculated by WinXcom program. The theoretical values of the mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number, and electron density were investigated in the energy range of 1 keV to 108 keV. The partial interactions (photoelectric, coherent scattering, incoherent scattering, and pair production) were studied in this work. The results show the higher gamma ray shielding properties at the higher concentration of barium oxide in the glass formula. Moreover, the half value layer results have been compared with some standard shielding materials at 662 keV for gamma ray.
Optical absorption and photoluminescence investigations Dy3+ doped oxyfluoride phosphate glass system for active laser medium and solid-state lighting materials
Authors: Sarumaha C. S. , Wantana N. , Rajagukguk J. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: September 2021

This article reports on the optical, photoluminescence, and radiative properties of Dy3+ doped oxyfluoride glass. The composition of glass is: 20Li2O–10AlF3–69P2O5–1Dy2O3 (LAPD). The glass has been prepared using the melt-quenching technique at 1100°C with a total mass of 15 grams in an alumina crucible. Judd–Ofelt analysis was used to determine the intensity parameters and radiative properties of Dy3+ ion in glass. The CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram coordinate is calculated to define the color coordinate of emission in a glass sample. Based on research, it is expected to produce glass material that is applied as an active laser medium and solid-state lighting materials.
Investigation of Parameters Affecting the Efficiency of Thermoelectric Refrigerator
Authors: Kaewsai Sakhunthip , Singsoog Kunchit , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: September 2021

The efficiency of thermoelectric refrigerator was investigated by two thermoelectric cooling (TEC 1-12709) at outside insulator box with cooling side at inside box and rejected heat at outside box by heat sink and fan. We applied electrical current 0.5 – 2 A for 15 minutes at room temperature and found that the inside thermoelectric refrigerator box showed a lowest temperature decreasing at center from 26.49 °C to 19.32 °C and at surface of TEC from 25.70 °C to 7.05 °C. The highest coefficient of performance (COP) is 0.10 by parallel connection.
Designing and Fabricating a Prototype of the Elastic Thermoelectric Generator
Authors: Manawong Piyada , Singsoog Kunchit , Seetawan Tosawat
Published: September 2021

The elastic thermoelectric generator (ETEG) was fabricated by using 27 couples of n-Bi2Te3 and p-Sb2Te3 bulk thermoelectric materials in size of 3 × 3 × 5 mm3 on silicone substrate and using copper plate for electrodes. It was found that the open circuit voltage shows maximum value of 46.74 mV at temperature difference 13.85 K. External load resistances were apply in the measurement and varies for obtaining the maximum output power. The matched load resistance is 0.22 Ω obtaining maximum power about 3.46 mW at temperature difference difference of 13.85 K. The output power, voltage and current were increased with temperature difference increasing and show maximum values about 35.19 mW, 27.82 mV and 126.36 mA at temperature difference 12.75 K.
Effect of Nd2O3 doping on spectroscopic characteristics of zinc barium boro-tellurite glass for laser medium application
Authors: Supanroth T. , Sa-ardsin W. , Yasaka P. , Boonin K. , Kaewkhao J.
Published: September 2021

The ZnO-BaO-B2O3-TeO2 (ZBBoT) glass samples were prepared, and their properties affected by varied concentrations of Nd2O3 doped in were investigated. The traditional melt quenching process was conducted to synthesize the samples which were explored to identify their density, molar volume, refractive index, absorption, photoluminescence (PL) and PL decay spectral profiles. The optical absorption has been used to derive the Judd-Ofelt (J-O) parameters (Ωλ, λ = 2, 4 and 6). The trend of J-O parameter is Ω2 > Ω6 > Ω4. Moreover, the J-O parameters are used to predict the radiative properties which are significant for the assessment of the suitability of a glass for laser emission. The emission of glasses exhibited 2 peaks at 1060, and 1345 nm. Based on research, it is expected to produce glass material that is applied as an active laser medium and solid-state lighting materials.
Double Moving Average Control Chart for Zero-Truncated Poisson Distribution
Authors: Areepong Y , Chananet C
Published: September 2021

The objective of this paper is to present an explicit formula for Double Moving Average (DMA) control charts when the observation follows a Zero-Truncated Poisson (ZTP) distribution. The popular characteristics of a control chart are Average Run Length (ARL0
) for in-control process and Average Run Length (ARL1
) for out-of-control process. Whereas ARL0
is the mean of observations taken before, a system gives an out-of-control signalled. For ARL1
is the expected number of observations taken from an out-of-control process until the control chart is shown the outof-control signal. The ARL results indicated that the DMA control chart for Zero-Truncated Poisson distribution (DMAZTP
) is superior to the MA control chart for Zero-Truncated Poisson distribution (MAZTP
) for detecting all magnitudes of shifts. This explicit formula is accurate, as well as easy to be implemented and used by practitioners
Computation of ARL on a CUSUM Control Chart for a Long-Memory Seasonal Autoregressive Fractionally Integrated Process with Exogenous Variables
Authors: Peerajit W
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study is to derive explicit formulas for the average run length (ARL) of a long-memory seasonal autoregressive fractionally integrated model with exogenous variables process on a cumulative sum (CUSUM) control chart with exponential white noise. The efficiency of the proposed explicit formulas was compared with a numerical integral equation (NIE) method via the relative percentage change to determine the accuracies of the ARL derivations. Although both methods were in good agreement, only 1 second of CPU time was required for the explicit formulas while 32-35 minutes were required for the NIE method. Some application examples using real datasets are provided to the detection ability of both methods.
PCB board heat transfer model based on heat transfer mechanism analysis
Authors: Gu S E , Xue D Z , Liang B , Chen L X
Published: September 2021

Temperature control plays a vital role in the circuit board production process. In order to control the temperature change in the reflow oven, we establish a differential equation model of the PCB heat transfer based on the theory of heat transfer and use the boundary conditions to solve the temperature distribution in the oven. We also accurately simulate the heating and cooling process of the PCB. According to the requirements for the shape of the oven temperature curve in actual production, we respectively use the heating factor and the area enclosed by the temperature as evaluation indicators, establish a target optimization model, and obtain the best set temperature for each temperature zone and the best transmission speed of PCB board. Through analysis of different cases, we could get the conclusion that the model in this paper is reasonable and effective.
A Study of Vehicle Vibration with Multiple Degrees of Freedom Using OCTAVE and ANSYS
Authors: Wray Alexander , Reed Jacob , Zhang Dr. Shengyong
Published: September 2021

Vibration vehicle models provide a great opportunity to integrate vehicle-based vibrations into a mechanical engineering vibrations course. This paper documents and discusses an approach to a multiple-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) in regards to pitch and bounce of the vehicle body with dampening and stiffness observed. The approach utilizes hand calculations, OCTAVE, and ANSYS to solve speed-bump induced vibration and to calculate vibrations modes. The problem involves a bicycle-model approach to a vehicle’s response when subject to a speed bump, or a sudden impulse load upon the forward-face of the model. These responses are captured and analyzed on pitch and bounce of the model at the center-of-gravity and the front/rear sides of the model. Graphical models capture responses of the loading conditions and the modal equations of the model providing a method of studying and understanding vibrational responses under provided stiffness. Using ANSYS as an approach of the model to capture damping response, further graphical models can be captured and used to describe motions of the vehicle model’s center-of-gravity, frontward and rearward wheel assembly, and the pitch (rotation) of the center-of-gravity to the introduced responses. A successful study with analysis of each graphical element and further dissemination of the results is concluded.
Wind-induced Vibration of High-rise Buildings and Its Countermeasures
Authors: Ke Chunxu
Published: September 2021

This article analyzes the cause of the wind-induced vibration, points out its harm, and finally introduces some countermeasures of it nowadays. To commence, it introduces the phenomenon called Buffeting, Vortex-excited Vibration and Self-excited Vibration that leads to the vibration. Then, it concludes that the vibration will lead to structural damage and make its residents uncomfortable through analyses, indicating that the vibration can be controlled by structural optimizing, aerodynamic measuring and equipping energy dissipation systems. This article simply introduces their principle and application.
Development of Vibration Base Health Monitoring in Bridge
Authors: Liu Jiachen
Published: September 2021

Vibration-based health monitoring uses non-destructive sensing technology to monitor and analyze changes in structural characteristics in time, frequency, or modal domains. The optimization of this system has always been the focus of the research community. Structural monitoring systems can start monitoring from building construction to destruction. It includes many kinds of methods and issues in different structure. This paper reviews the method of bridge structure damage identification based on vibration measurement that has been verified by the test. The use of the vibration excitation method is discussed, as well as the main issues currently. Structural monitoring systems determine that which and where damage is present in the structure, even the prediction of the remaining service life of the structure. In the field of civil engineering, structural monitoring systems have the potential to reduce economic losses and maintain modern infrastructure, even it may obvious geological changes to present disasters in the future.
How to utilize nobles’ houses in a conflicted area: an architectural case study in Baluwarti, a cultural tourism kampong at Surakarta Sunanate Palace
Authors: Marlina A , Astuti W , Cahyono U J
Published: September 2021

Cultural tourism is being intensified in every kampong (village) in Surakarta. Baluwarti is a cultural tourism kampong situated in the palace area where the nobles dwell. However, the internal conflict among these nobles affects the kampong’s tourism management system. Therefore, the main focus of this research is to find an architectural model of tourism management utilizing the nobles’ houses. This model, furthermore, is created by building synergy with stakeholders, initiated by communities in conflicted areas. Participatory Action Research in the form of FGD was performed to create a dialogue format with the community. Completeness of data and information were obtained through field observations, in-depth interviews and providing related documents. The result of the research displayed three models of tourism management in the conflicted area, namely: 1) The Management Model for Tourism Management in Restricted Areas, 2) The Development Model for Cultural Tourism Kampongs, 3) The Integration Model between Tourism Potential and Tourism Economic Activities. These models can be proposed to the government to encourage the development of heritage tourism industries in conflicted areas.
The concept of vortex convective storms
Authors: Plyusnin S D , Popova V P
Published: September 2021

It is proposed a method of analyzing the effects of the environmental vertical wind shear on the structure and dynamics of convective storms, the conditions for the occurrence of vortex storms based on the hydrodynamic laws of flow around of solid body in the Lagrangian coordinate system. There is described an example of the evolution of a supercell based on radar observations with the updated information of 3 minutes. It is shown the unity of the complex structure and dynamics, which allows proposing a typical model of vortex storms. The method of analysis affords to explain the sequential continuity of the types of storms, the prevalence of the right-propagation (in the Northern Hemisphere). It is proposed a classification of convective storms based on the interaction of the internally associated ascending flow and rotation with the environmental dynamic factor of wind shear.
Experimental studies of the aerosol spectrum at high-mountain conditions
Authors: Panchishkina I N , Petrova G G , Petrov A I , Chkhetiani O G
Published: September 2021

The paper considers variations in the number concentration of submicron aerosols, and size distribution of aerosol particles on the Shadzhatmaz plateau. The aerosol dimensional spectra were plotted according to the data obtained during hours with no cloudy factors in the atmosphere, and for the measurement periods when the clouds descended so low that the cloud masses were carried by the wind directly through the measurement site. A characteristic feature of the spectrum obtained in the presence of low foggy clouds is the decrease in the fraction of the smallest aerosols (0.1-0.2 μm), compared with the measurement in clear atmosphere conditions; at the same time, the concentration of larger aerosols (0.2 μm and more) under conditions when the observer noted the movement of cloud masses through the measurement site, turned out to be higher than that for clear atmosphere conditions.
Detection of features in the series of electric field strength measurements using data transformation and machine learning
Authors: Adzhieva’ A A , Shapovalov V A , Mashukov I Kh , Tokbaeva A A
Published: September 2021

Data transformation is a common information processing procedure that can detect features hidden in the data that are not visible in their original form. The article shows some examples of such processing to detect features in the data of long-term observations of the intensity of the surface atmospheric electric field. This uses the data of the EFM 550 field sensor installed in the city of Nalchik. The results are visualized using the Matplotlib Python library to visualize the results of such data processing. The selected data transformation methods are also well suited for machine learning. To demonstrate the possibilities of finding features, several methods of teaching without a teacher are used. It is noted that most of the identified features in the series of measurements of the surface atmospheric electric field are associated with local meteorological phenomena.
Lightning activity in Yakutia and its impact on the networks of PJSC Yakutskenergo
Authors: Kozlov V I , Tarabukina L D , Grigor’ev Yu M
Published: September 2021

It is shown that daily, seasonal and interannual variations in the number of lightning outages in the Central and Western energy district regions of Yakutia correspond to variations in lightning activity in the area where these networks are located. The annual number of lightning outages was from 35 to 65. The daily variation has the form of a one-period wave with a maximum at 19:00 local time and a minimum at 7:00 LT. In the total diurnal variation over 7 years around 7 LT, about two outages were observed, while at 19 LT the total number reached 25. The similarity of daily, annual, and interannual variations in lightning activity and the number of thunderstorm outages indicates the absence of special features in the discharges that lead to thunderstorm outages of high-voltage networks.
Comparative analysis of the parameters of two radars MRL-5 and DMRL-C
Authors: Liev K B , Inyukhin V S , Kh Gergokov A
Published: September 2021

The scope of application of radar technology is currently very wide, and with the use of the achievements of modern circuitry, electronic technology and computer technology, it is expanding more and more. Therefore, consideration of the basic principles used in the construction of radar devices and systems is highly relevant. Radio technical equipment and means intended for performing radar tasks are called radar systems, or devices. In this article, we will consider two meteorological radars MRL-5 with the installed software and hardware complex ASU-MRL and DMRL-C with different wavelengths λ=10 cm and λ=5.2 cm. And also consider the assessment of the possibility of using information from the Unified radar field of the Roshydromet DMRL-C network to ensure work on protection against hail, including technical requirements for radar information of the DMRL-C for its use in work on AB on the territory of the South and North Caucasian Federal Districts. The first section in your paper.
Huge Oort Cloud object enters outer solar system
Authors: Gater Will
Published: September 2021

Astronomers sifting through data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) have spotted a large Oort Cloud object approaching the outer regions of the solar system.
On returning to work
Authors: Green Karel
Published: September 2021

With the pandemic resulting in widescale burnout among academics, Karel Green says that taking time out of the office has never been so essential
Ice ice baby
Authors: Commissariat Tushna
Published: September 2021

Keeping well hydrated on a hot summer day can be frustrated when you open your fridge and find all the drinks have gone.
Twists, turns, thrills and spills
Authors: Allen Michael
Published: September 2021

A ride on a rollercoaster is a perfect example of physics in action. But there is much more at play than simply gravity and speed when it comes to the thrill of rollercoasters, as Michael Allen discovers
Elusive answers
Authors: Hossenfelder Sabine
Published: September 2021

Sabine Hossenfelder reviews Shell Beach: the Search for the Final Theory by Jesper Grimstrup
Curiosity killed the (Schrödinger’s) cat
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: September 2021

Laura Hiscott reviews the play The Mirror Trap and speaks to its writer and star, Simon Watt
Relativity, at top speed
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: September 2021

Laura Hiscott reviews Reimagining Time: a Light-Speed Tour of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity by Tanya Bub and Jeffrey Bub
History made tangible
Authors: Hiscott Laura
Published: September 2021

Laura Hiscott reviews Sir James Jeans: Scientist, Philosopher and Musician by Christopher Jeans and Alexandr Kozenko
Two-stage-vote ensemble framework based on integration of mutation data and gene interaction network for uncovering driver genes
Authors: Kan Yingxin , Jiang Limin , Guo Yan , Tang Jijun , Guo Fei
Published: September 2021

Identifying driver genes, exactly from massive genes with mutations, promotes accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer. In recent years, a lot of works about uncovering driver genes based on integration of mutation data and gene interaction networks is gaining more attention. However, it is in suspense if it is more effective for prioritizing driver genes when integrating various types of mutation information (frequency and functional impact) and gene networks. Hence, we build a two-stage-vote ensemble framework based on somatic mutations and mutual interactions. Specifically, we first represent and combine various kinds of mutation information, which are propagated through networks by an improved iterative framework. The first vote is conducted on iteration results by voting methods, and the second vote is performed to get ensemble results of the first poll for the final driver gene list. Compared with four excellent previous approaches, our method has better performance in identifying driver genes on $33$ types of cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Meanwhile, we also conduct a comparative analysis about two kinds of mutation information, five gene interaction networks and four voting strategies. Our framework offers a new view for data integration and promotes more latent cancer genes to be admitted.
Snapshots quiz
Authors: Tuteja J. S. , Anand A. , Chakrabarti D. , Gupta R. , Bhatt M. L. B.
Published: September 2021

A 25-year old gentleman, treated one year previously for a signet ring mid rectal adenocarcinoma, presented with facial swelling and multiple nodular swellings on the neck and back. What is the diagnosis?
Assessment of hypertension in kidney transplantation by ambulatory blood pressure monitoring: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Pisano Anna , Mallamaci Francesca , D’Arrigo Graziella , Bolignano Davide , Wuerzner Gregoire , Ortiz Alberto , Burnier Michel , Kanaan Nada , Sarafidis Pantelis , Persu Alexandre , Ferro Charles J , Loutradis Charalampos , Boletis Ioannis N , London Gérard , Halimi Jean-Michel , Sautenet Bénédicte , Rossignol Patrick , Vogt Liffert , Zoccali Carmine
Published: September 2021

Background

Hypertension (HTN) is common following renal transplantation and it is associated with adverse effects on cardiovascular (CV) and graft health. Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) is the preferred method to characterize blood pressure (BP) status, since HTN misclassification by office BP (OBP) is quite common in this population. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at determining the clinical utility of 24-h ABPM and its potential implications for the management of HTN in this population.

Methods

Ovid-MEDLINE and PubMed databases were searched for interventional or observational studies enrolling adult kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) undergoing 24-h ABP readings compared with OBP or home BP. The main outcome was the proportion of KTRs diagnosed with HTN by ABPM, home or OBP recordings. Additionally, day–night BP variability and dipper/non-dipper status were assessed.

Results

Forty-two eligible studies (4115 participants) were reviewed. A cumulative analysis including 27 studies (3481 participants) revealed a prevalence of uncontrolled HTN detected by ABPM of 56% [95% confidence interval (CI) 46–65%]. The pooled prevalence of uncontrolled HTN according to OBP was 47% (95% CI 36–58%) in 25 studies (3261 participants). Very few studies reported on home BP recordings. The average concordance rate between OBP and ABPM measurements in classifying patients as controlled or uncontrolled hypertensive was 66% (95% CI 59–73%). ABPM revealed HTN phenotypes among KTRs. Two pooled analyses of 11 and 10 studies, respectively, revealed an average prevalence of 26% (95% CI 19–33%) for masked HTN (MHT) and 10% (95% CI 6–17%) for white-coat HTN (WCH). The proportion of non-dippers was variable across the 28 studies that analysed dipping status, with an average prevalence of 54% (95% CI 45–63%).

Conclusions

In our systematic review, comparison of OBP versus ABP measurements disclosed a high proportion of MHT, uncontrolled HTN and, to a lesser extent, WCH in KTRs. These results suggest that HTN is not adequately diagnosed and controlled by OBP recordings in this population. Furthermore, the high prevalence of non-dippers confirmed that circadian rhythm is commonly disturbed in KTRs.
Standardized Workflow for Precise Mid- and High-Throughput Proteomics of Blood Biofluids
Authors: Mc Ardle Angela , Binek Aleksandra , Moradian Annie , Chazarin Orgel Blandine , Rivas Alejandro , Washington Kirstin E , Phebus Conor , Manalo Danica-Mae , Go James , Venkatraman Vidya , Coutelin Johnson Casey W , Fu Qin , Cheng Susan , Raedschelders Koen , Fert-Bober Justyna , Pennington Stephen R , Murray Christopher I , Van Eyk Jennifer E
Published: September 2021

Background

Accurate discovery assay workflows are critical for identifying authentic circulating protein biomarkers in diverse blood matrices. Maximizing the commonalities in the proteomic workflows between different biofluids simplifies the approach and increases the likelihood for reproducibility. We developed a workflow that can accommodate 3 blood-based proteomes: naive plasma, depleted plasma and dried blood.

Methods

Optimal conditions for sample preparation and data independent acquisition-mass spectrometry analysis were established in plasma then automated for depleted plasma and dried blood. The mass spectrometry workflow was modified to facilitate sensitive high-throughput analysis or deeper profiling with mid-throughput analysis. Analytical performance was evaluated by the linear response of peptides and proteins to a 6- or 7-point dilution curve and the reproducibility of the relative peptide and protein intensity for 5 digestion replicates per day on 3 different days for each biofluid.

Results

Using the high-throughput workflow, 74% (plasma), 93% (depleted), and 87% (dried blood) displayed an inter-day CV <30%. The mid-throughput workflow had 67% (plasma), 90% (depleted), and 78% (dried blood) of peptides display an inter-day CV <30%. Lower limits of detection and quantification were determined for peptides and proteins observed in each biofluid and workflow. Based on each protein and peptide’s analytical performance, we could describe the observable, reliable, reproducible, and quantifiable proteomes for each biofluid and workflow.

Conclusion

The standardized workflows established here allows for reproducible and quantifiable detection of proteins covering a broad dynamic range. We envisage that implementation of this standard workflow should simplify discovery approaches and facilitate the translation of candidate markers into clinical use.
Thrombocytopaenia successfully treated by a multilocular thymic cyst resection
Authors: Nishina Mai , Mimura Takeshi , Kuraoka Kazuya , Yamashita Yoshinori
Published: September 2021

The multilocular thymic cyst (MTC) is a rare, acquired disease caused by inflammatory changes in the thymus, and is associated with autoimmune diseases. We report a case of MTC with thrombocytopaenia, which improved following surgical resection. A 45-year-old man developed thrombocytopaenia with an anterior mediastinal tumour. Thrombocytopaenia due to an autoimmune mechanism, associated with thymoma or thymus-related disease, was suspected. Pathologic analysis following thoracoscopic thymectomy confirmed MTC. The platelet level recovered postoperatively. Our findings suggested a relationship between the acquired formation of MTC and the development of autoimmune antibodies. However, further investigation is needed to obtain more information.
Multilingualism in Lebanon: bridging reality to practice
Authors: Zeaiter Lana
Published: September 2021

Although Lebanese use different languages, mainly Arabic, English, and French, in their daily interactions, the Lebanese educational system continues to adopt monolingual-oriented practices to language teaching. In English language classes, teachers and students are expected to exclusively use the target language as the language of instruction. Such a practice hinders students’ engagement in the learning process, especially during early stages, as they often face vocabulary and pronunciation challenges. Hence, there is a discrepancy between linguistic norms prevailing outside the classroom and the teaching strategies implemented inside the classroom. In an attempt to bridge the gap and maximize students’ English learning, I utilized my position as an English instructor to teach through the implementation of multilingual strategies. This article draws on my experience and on my students’ feedback to provide insights into implementing multilingual strategies to teach English language, with a focus on design and affordances of specific strategies.
Analytical strategies for chemical exposomics: exploring limits and feasibility
Authors: Vitale Chiara Maria , Price Elliott J , Miller Gary W , David Arthur , Antignac Jean-Philippe , Barouki Robert , Klánová Jana
Published: September 2021

Tackling the challenges of chemical exposomics will require the implementation of diverse analytical strategies and technological advancements. Herein, high-resolution mass spectrometry-based methods applied in current chemical exposome studies have been surveyed and are shown to be limited. Notably, liquid chromatography separations almost exclusively employ reversed-phase C18 columns using water-methanol gradients with formic acid additive, whilst gas chromatography is underexploited in the field at this stage. A systematic evaluation of strategies applied in related disciplines (i.e. metabolomics, proteomics, multi-residue trace analysis) was undertaken to provide practical guidance for the development of chemical exposomics. The approaches were assessed on the basis of their costs (i.e. capital expenditure, overhead and maintenance fees, expertise required, consumables) and potential benefits (i.e. improvements to sensitivity, coverage, reproducibility, throughput, ease of use) to prioritize those with promise for chemical exposomics application. Alongside a need for technological investments (e.g. advanced hardware updates), numerous low cost strategies showed high potential benefits (e.g. different column phases, enhanced sample fractionation) and are feasible for rapid adoption.
Two promoters integrate multiple enhancer inputs to drive wild-type knirps expression in the Drosophila melanogaster embryo
Authors: Li Lily , Waymack Rachel , Gad Mario , Wunderlich Zeba
Published: September 2021

Proper development depends on precise spatiotemporal gene expression patterns. Most developmental genes are regulated by multiple enhancers and often by multiple core promoters that generate similar transcripts. We hypothesize that multiple promoters may be required either because enhancers prefer a specific promoter or because multiple promoters serve as a redundancy mechanism. To test these hypotheses, we studied the expression of the knirps locus in the early Drosophila melanogaster embryo, which is mediated by multiple enhancers and core promoters. We found that one of these promoters resembles a typical “sharp” developmental promoter, while the other resembles a “broad” promoter usually associated with housekeeping genes. Using synthetic reporter constructs, we found that some, but not all, enhancers in the locus show a preference for one promoter, indicating that promoters provide both redundancy and specificity. By analyzing the reporter dynamics, we identified specific burst properties during the transcription process, namely burst size and frequency, that are most strongly tuned by the combination of promoter and enhancer. Using locus-sized reporters, we discovered that enhancers with no promoter preference in a synthetic setting have a preference in the locus context. Our results suggest that the presence of multiple promoters in a locus is due both to enhancer preference and a need for redundancy and that “broad” promoters with dispersed transcription start sites are common among developmental genes. They also imply that it can be difficult to extrapolate expression measurements from synthetic reporters to the locus context, where other variables shape a gene’s overall expression pattern.
The zinc cluster transcription factor Rha1 is a positive filamentation regulator in Candida albicans
Authors: Parvizi Omran Raha , Ramírez-Zavala Bernardo , Aji Tebung Walters , Yao Shuangyan , Feng Jinrong , Law Chris , Dumeaux Vanessa , Morschhäuser Joachim , Whiteway Malcolm
Published: September 2021

Zinc cluster transcription factors (TFs) are essential fungal regulators of gene expression. In the pathogen Candida albicans, the gene orf19.1604 encodes a zinc cluster TF regulating filament development. Hyperactivation of orf19.1604, which we have named RHA1 for Regulator of Hyphal Activity, generates wrinkled colony morphology under nonhyphal growth conditions, triggers filament formation, invasiveness, and enhanced biofilm formation and causes reduced virulence in the mouse model of systemic infection. The strain expressing activated Rha1 shows up-regulation of genes required for filamentation and cell-wall-adhesion-related proteins. Increased expression is also seen for the hyphal-inducing TFs Brg1 and Ume6, while the hyphal repressor Nrg1 is downregulated. Inactivation of RHA1 reduces filamentation under a variety of filament-inducing conditions. In contrast to the partial effect of either single mutant, the double rha1 ume6 mutant strain is highly defective in both serum- and Spider-medium-stimulated hyphal development. While the loss of Brg1 function blocks serum-stimulated hyphal development, this block can be significantly bypassed by Rha1 hyperactivity, and the combination of Rha1 hyperactivity and serum addition can generate significant polarization even in brg1 ume6 double mutants. Thus, in response to external signals, Rha1 functions with other morphogenesis regulators including Brg1 and Ume6, to mediate filamentation.
Lysosomes and the pathogenesis of merosin-deficient congenital muscular dystrophy
Authors: Smith Sarah J , Fabian Lacramioara , Sheikh Adeel , Noche Ramil , Cui Xiucheng , Moore Steven A , Dowling James J
Published: September 2021

Congenital muscular dystrophy type 1A (MDC1A), the most common congenital muscular dystrophy in Western countries, is caused by recessive mutations in LAMA2, the gene encoding laminin alpha 2. Currently, no cure or disease modifying therapy has been successfully developed for MDC1A. Examination of patient muscle biopsies revealed altered distribution of lysosomes. We hypothesized that this redistribution was a novel and potentially druggable aspect of disease pathogenesis. We explored this hypothesis using candyfloss (caf), a zebrafish model of MDC1A. We found that lysosome distribution in caf zebrafish was also abnormal. This altered localization was significantly associated with fiber detachment and could be prevented by blocking myofiber detachment. Overexpression of transcription factor EB, a transcription factor that promotes lysosomal biogenesis, led to increased lysosome content and decreased fiber detachment. We conclude that genetic manipulation of the lysosomal compartment is able to alter the caf zebrafish disease process, suggesting that lysosome function may be a target for disease modification.
Strong evidence for genotype–phenotype correlations in Phelan-McDermid syndrome: results from the developmental synaptopathies consortium
Authors: Levy Tess , Foss-Feig Jennifer H , Betancur Catalina , Siper Paige M , Trelles-Thorne Maria del Pilar , Halpern Danielle , Frank Yitzchak , Lozano Reymundo , Layton Christina , Britvan Bari , Bernstein Jonathan A , Buxbaum Joseph D , Berry-Kravis Elizabeth , Powell Craig M , Srivastava Siddharth , Sahin Mustafa , Soorya Latha , Thurm Audrey , Kolevzon Alexander ,   the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium
Published: September 2021

Individuals with Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS) present with a wide range of developmental, medical, cognitive and behavioral abnormalities. Previous literature has begun to elucidate genotype–phenotype associations that may contribute to the wide spectrum of features. Here, we report results of genotype–phenotype associations in a cohort of 170 individuals with PMS. Genotypes were defined as Class I deletions (including SHANK3 only or SHANK3 with ARSA and/or ACR and RABL2B), Class II deletions (all other deletions) or sequence variants. Phenotype data were derived prospectively from direct evaluation, caregiver interview and questionnaires, and medical history. Analyses revealed individuals with Class I deletions or sequence variants had fewer delayed developmental milestones and higher cognitive ability compared to those with Class II deletions but had more skill regressions. Individuals with Class II deletions were more likely to have a variety of medical features, including renal abnormalities, spine abnormalities, and ataxic gait. Those with Class I deletions or sequence variants were more likely to have psychiatric diagnoses including bipolar disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. Autism spectrum disorder diagnoses did not differ between groups. This study represents the largest and most rigorous genotype–phenotype analysis in PMS to date and provides important information for considering clinical functioning, trajectories and comorbidities as a function of specific genetic alteration.
Successful treatment of atypical type A aortic dissection after heart transplantation
Authors: Shu Shenglei , Cheng Lan , Wang Jing , Zheng Chuansheng
Published: September 2021

We report a case of a 58-year-old female with Stanford type A aortic dissection sparring the donor aorta 2 years after heart transplantation. Lumbar spine magnetic resonance examination for low back pain discovered the aortic dissection which was confirmed by following computed tomography angiography. The patient received surgical treatment including total arc replacement and thoracic aortic endovascular repair and recovered well.
Compounded Cerium Nitrate–Silver Sulfadiazine Cream is Safe and Effective for the Treatment of Burn Wounds: A Burn Center’s 4-Year Experience
Authors: Reese Adam D , Keyloun John W , Garg Gaurav , McLawhorn Melissa M , Moffatt Lauren T , Travis Taryn E , Johnson Laura S , Shupp Jeffrey W
Published: September 2021

Wound infections and sepsis are significant causes of morbidity after burn injury and can be alleviated by early excision and grafting. In situations that preclude early surgery, topical agents allow for a safer delay. Cerium nitrate compounded with silver sulfadiazine (Ce-SSD) is a burn cream that provides broad antibacterial activity, forms a temporary barrier, and promotes re-epithelialization. Methemoglobinemia is a rare, but oft-cited, systemic complication of Ce-SSD. In this retrospective review, 157 patients treated with Ce-SSD between July 2014 and July 2018 were identified, and the monitoring protocol for methemoglobinemia during Ce-SSD treatment was evaluated. The median age was 59 years (interquartile range [IQR], 47–70.5 years), with TBSA of 8.5% (IQR, 3–27), adjusted Baux score of 76 (IQR, 59–94), and inhalation injury present in 9.9% of patients. Primary endpoints included incidence of symptomatic and asymptomatic methemoglobinemia. Of the 9.6% (n = 15) of patients with methemoglobinemia, 73.3% (n = 11) had maximum methemoglobin levels ≥72 hours from the time of the first application. One patient developed clinically significant methemoglobinemia. Patients with TBSA ≥20% were more likely to develop methemoglobinemia (odds ratio 9.318, 95% confidence interval 2.078–65.73, P = .0078); however, neither Ce-SSD doses nor days of exposure were significant predictors. Ce-SSD application to temporize burn wounds until excision and grafting is safe, effective, and, in asymptomatic patients with TBSA <20%, can be used without serial blood gas monitoring. Vigilant monitoring for symptoms should be performed in patients with TBSA ≥20%, but routine blood gases are not necessary.
The role of vitamin K in the non-operative management of bilateral adrenal hemorrhage on a background of antiphospholipid syndrome and coagulopathy: a case report
Authors: Aneke Ikenna Anderson , Gunendran Thiruendran
Published: September 2021

Bilateral adrenal hemorrhage (BAH) is a rare condition, which can easily become a serious threat to life. It is even rarer in the setting of antiphospholipid syndrome (APLS), which in itself is associated with coagulopathy as well as the need for lifelong anticoagulation. Death from BAH is commonly due to adrenal insufficiency from infarction within the gland. Our case is that of a 53-year-old woman with APLS who presented to the emergency department with a markedly raised international normalized ratio and bilateral loin pain. She developed adrenal insufficiency and required glucocorticoids while on admission. Her anticoagulants were also adjusted and she received vitamin K. She made good progress thereafter and was discharged after 11 days. Vitamin K should be considered in patients with markedly deranged clotting profile and BAH to prevent ongoing bleeding. Early adrenal axis testing is also recommended to forestall delayed diagnosis of adrenal insufficiency.
Metachronous splenic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Moez Rahoui , Rami Boulma , Hassen Khouni
Published: September 2021

The causes of isolated solid splenic lesions are wide and varied, and as such can present a diagnostic challenge. Splenic metastases were previously considered exceptionally rare. We report a case of a patient who had isolated splenic metastases with a previous history of left nephrectomy due to a renal cell carcinoma 3 years before. This report represents the first case reported in our country and wants to add to literature one more case of splenic metastasis from renal cell carcinoma.