bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using the multiple streams model to elicit an initial programme theory: from policy dialogues to a roadmap for scaling up integrated care
Authors: Martens Monika , van Olmen Josefien , Wouters Edwin , Boateng Daniel , Van Damme Wim , Van Belle Sara
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The ‘SCale-Up diaBetes and hYpertension care’ Project aims to support the scale-up of integrated care for diabetes and hypertension in Cambodia, Slovenia and Belgium through the co-creation, implementation and evaluation of contextualised roadmaps. These roadmaps offer avenues for action and are built on evidence as well as stakeholder engagement in policy dialogues. Roadmaps and policy dialogues are very much intertwined and considered to be key elements for successful stakeholder-supported scale-up in integrated chronic care. Yet, little is known about how, why and under which conditions policy dialogue leads to successful roadmap implementation and scale-up of integrated care. Therefore, this study aims to use a realist approach to elicit an initial programme theory (IPT), using political science theories on the policy process.

Methods

To develop the IPT, information from different sources was collected. First, an exploratory literature review on policy dialogue and scale-up definitions and success factors was performed, identifying theoretical frameworks, empirical (case) studies and realist studies (information gleaning). Second, research workshops on applying theory to the roadmap for scale-up (theory gleaning) were conducted with a multidisciplinary expert team. We used the intervention–context–actors–mechanism–outcome configuration to synthesise information from the sources into a configurational map.

Results

The information and theory gleaning resulted into an IPT, hypothesising how policy dialogues can contribute to roadmap success in different policy stages. The IPT draws on political science theory of the multiple streams model adapted by Howlettet alto include five streams (problem, solution, politics, process and programme) that can emerge, converge and diverge across all five policy stages.

Conclusion

This paper aims to extend the knowledge base on the use of policy dialogues to build a roadmap for scale-up. The IPT describes how (dynamics) and why (theories) co-created roadmaps are expected to work in different policy stages.
Associations between immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) and the risk of HPV-associated diseases: a UK Biobank cohort analysis
Authors: Feng Lan , Qiu Ke , Rao Yufang , Shu Tao , Song Yao , Cheng Danni , Mao Minzi , Li Junhong , Zhang Ziyan , Wang Xiaoyu , Zeng Xinghan , Zhao Yu , Ren JianJun
Published: September 2023

Objectives

To systematically assess the associations between various immune-mediated diseases (IMDs) and human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated diseases.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

UK Biobank.

Participants

A total of 500 371 subjects aged 40–69 years were eligible for the analysis, after excluding those with prevalent HPV-associated diseases at baseline and those who had withdrawn their informed consent or lacked information on sex.

Exposure

Eighty IMDs (involving allergic/atopic diseases, autoimmune diseases, immunodeficiency diseases, etc) were identified in the UK Biobank.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

The main outcome was the incidence of HPV-associated diseases (including warts and malignancies of the cervix, oropharynx, anus, penis, vulva and vagina). Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate HRs and 95% CIs with particular adjustment for sexual behaviours. We also conducted subgroup analyses based on benign and malignant status, and anatomical sites of HPV-associated diseases, respectively.

Results

During a median of 12.0 years of follow-up, 2244 cases out of 500 371 subjects developed HPV-associated diseases. Overall, participants with IMDs had a higher risk of HPV-associated diseases than their controls after adjustment for sexual behaviours and other potential confounders (female: HR=1.90, 95% CI=1.66 to 2.17, p<0.001; male: HR=1.66, 95% CI=1.41 to 1.97, p<0.001). Additionally, eight individual IMDs in women (eg, asthma: HR=1.76, 95% CI=1.47 to 2.11, p<0.001) and three in men (eg, chronic nephritic syndrome: HR=6.05, 95% CI=3.32 to 11.04, p<0.001) were associated with increased risk of HPV-associated diseases. Subgroup analyses revealed significant IMD differences between benign and malignant subgroups as well as between oropharyngeal and anogenital subgroups.

Conclusion

In this large retrospective cohort study, IMDs were significantly associated with an elevated risk of HPV-associated diseases. Besides, gender-specific and region-specific associations were also observed between individual IMDs and HPV-associated diseases.
Characterising patterns in routinely reported longitudinal HIV data in South Africa using a Bayesian multiplicative interaction model
Authors: Nonyane Bareng A S , Steiner Laura , Shearer Kate , Genade Leisha , Martinson Neil , Hoffmann Christopher J , Golub Jonathan E , Lebina Limakatso
Published: September 2023

Introduction

We consider an analytical problem of characterising patterns and identifying discrepancies between database systems for longitudinal aggregated healthcare data involving multiple facilities.

Methods

We used routinely collected data on the registered number of people living with HIV who initiated antiretroviral treatment (ART) in 69 South African facilities in 2019; reported in the Three Interlinked Electronic register (Tier.net) and the District Health Information System. A Bayesian multiplicative interaction model quantified the average time effect as realised through the heterogeneous facility-specific slopes and quantified discrepancies between the two database sources.

Results

The estimated average trends showed a slight dip in June and a large dip in December. The estimated slopes identified clusters of facilities based on their ranges of fluctuations over time. The differences in average monthly ART initiations between the two database sources had a median of 1.6 (IQR 0.8–3.3), while 3 outlying facilities differed by at least 10 ART initiations between the 2 sources.

Conclusion

Multiplicative interaction models are a powerful tool for quantifying average trends over time and for evaluating discrepancies between reporting systems for multiple facilities with heterogeneous time slopes. The Bayesian framework enables efficient estimation for a very large number of parameters.
CCL21-DC in situ vaccination in murine NSCLC overcomes resistance to immunotherapy and generates systemic tumor-specific immunity
Authors: Salehi-Rad Ramin , Lim Raymond J , Du Yushen , Tran Linh M , Li Rui , Ong Stephanie L , Ling Huang Zi , Dumitras Camelia , Zhang Tianhao , Park Stacy J , Crosson William , Kahangi Bitta , Abascal Jensen , Seet Christopher , Oh Michael , Shabihkhani Maryam , Paul Manash , Krysan Kostyantyn , Lisberg Aaron E , Garon Edward B , Liu Bin , Dubinett Steven M
Published: September 2023

Background

Despite recent advances in immunotherapy, many patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) do not respond to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI). Resistance to ICI may be driven by suboptimal priming of antitumor T lymphocytes due to poor antigen presentation as well as their exclusion and impairment by the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). In a recent phase I trial in patients with NSCLC, in situ vaccination (ISV) with dendritic cells engineered to secrete CCL21 (CCL21-DC), a chemokine that facilitates the recruitment of T cells and DC, promoted T lymphocyte tumor infiltration and PD-L1 upregulation.

Methods

Murine models of NSCLC with distinct driver mutations (KrasG12D/P53+/-/Lkb1-/-(KPL);KrasG12D/P53+/-(KP); andKrasG12D(K)) and varying tumor mutational burden were used to evaluate the efficacy of combination therapy with CCL21-DC ISV plus ICI. Comprehensive analyses of longitudinal preclinical samples by flow cytometry, single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) and whole-exome sequencing were performed to assess mechanisms of combination therapy.

Results

ISV with CCL21-DC sensitized immune-resistant murine NSCLCs to ICI and led to the establishment of tumor-specific immune memory. Immunophenotyping revealed that CCL21-DC obliterated tumor-promoting neutrophils, promoted sustained infiltration of CD8 cytolytic and CD4 Th1 lymphocytes and enriched progenitor T cells in the TME. Addition of ICI to CCL21-DC further enhanced the expansion and effector function of T cells both locally and systemically. Longitudinal evaluation of tumor mutation profiles revealed that CCL21-DC plus ICI induced immunoediting of tumor subclones, consistent with the broadening of tumor-specific T cell responses.

Conclusions

CCL21-DC ISV synergizes with anti-PD-1 to eradicate murine NSCLC. Our data support the clinical application of CCL21-DC ISV in combination with checkpoint inhibition for patients with NSCLC.
Onyx cast thrombectomy: bailout during thalamic AVM embolization
Authors: Colasurdo Marco , Chen Huanwen , Edhayan Gautam , Shaltoni Hashem , Kan Peter
Published: September 2023

Microsurgical resection, radiosurgery, and endovascular embolization are the three different treatment approaches to cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Although microsurgical resection remains the most desirable curative option and radiosurgery is often first choice in deep located/eloquent unruptured AVMs, transarterial or transvenous embolization may be pursued for ruptured AVMs not amenable to surgical resection. Most complications during endovascular treatment are related to hemorrhage; however, liquid embolic fragment migration or parent vessel occlusion are also possible and can lead to ischemic events. We present a case of endovascular Onyx (Medtronic, Minnesota, USA) embolization of a ruptured thalamic AVM complicated by Onyx reflux into the proximal posterior cerebral artery causing complete vascular occlusion. We demonstrate a bailout technique1–4 using combined stent-retriever and aspiration catheter to dislodge and retrieve the refluxed Onyx cast while maintaining total occlusion of the initially targeted arterial AVM feeder (video 1).

Video 1

­
Tumour adaptation to immune factors: old and new ideas for cancer immunotherapy
Authors: Malyshev I. Yu. , Budanova O.P. , Kuznetsova L.V.
Published: September 2023

The tumour is fully functional in the zone of action of immune mediators. Moreover, the tumour needs immune system mediators to survive. "Adaptation" refers to a tumour's ability to withstand the effect of harmful elements. This gives birth to a new form of antitumour therapy: blocking tumour adaptability pathways. In this review, we will look at (i) tumour adaptation mechanisms as a result of pro-tumour immunoediting, (ii) how understanding tumour-adaptive mechanisms has led to ideas for developing cancer immunotherapies, and (iii) prospects for using the adaptation theory to substantiate new approaches to tumour growth inhibition. By considering the cancer problem through the lens of adaptability, a unique strategy for enhancing the efficacy of immunotherapy was proposed. The new approach is to utilise antisense treatment to erase the structural trace of adaptation in tumour cells or to disadapt tumour cells by "turning off" the immune system before initiating immunotherapy.
Can we use heavy nuclei to detect relic neutrinos?
Authors: Mikulenko Oleksii , Cheipesh Yevheniia , Cheianov Vadim , Boyarsky Alexey
Published: September 2023

Recent analysis of the viability of solid state-based relic neutrino detectors has revealed the fundamental necessity for the use of heavy, $$A>100$$

A
>
100

, $$\beta $$
β
-decayers as neutrino targets. Of all heavy isotopes, "Equation missing" and "Equation missing" stand out for their sufficiently low decay energies, reasonable half-life times and stable daughter nuclei. However, the crucial bit of information, that is the soft neutrino capture cross-section is missing for both isotopes. The main reason for that is a particular type of $$\beta $$
β
-decay, which precludes a simple link between the isotope’s half-life time and the neutrino capture rate. In light of the necessity for a reliable estimate of the capture rate – unimpeded by potentially devastating theoretical uncertainties – prior to using the isotope in a full-scale experiment, we propose an experimental method to bypass this difficulty and obtain the capture cross-section of a soft neutrino by a given isotope from the isotope’s $$\beta $$
β
-spectrum.
Chaotic motion of scalar particle coupling to Chern–Simons invariant in the stationary axisymmetric Einstein–Maxwell dilaton black hole spacetime
Authors: Zhang Lina , Chen Songbai , Pan Qiyuan , Jing Jiliang
Published: September 2023

We investigate the motion of a test scalar particle coupling to the Chern–Simons (CS) invariant in the background of a stationary axisymmetric black hole in the Einstein–Maxwell–Dilaton–Axion (EMDA) gravity. Comparing with the case of a Kerr black hole, we observe that the presence of the dilation parameter makes the CS invariant more complex, and changes the range of the coupling parameter and the spin parameter where the chaotic motion appears for the scalar particle. Moreover, we find that the coupling parameter together with the spin parameter also affects the range of the dilation parameter where the chaos occurs. We also probe the effects of the dilation parameter on the chaotic strength of the chaotic orbits for the coupled particle. Our results indicate that the coupling between the CS invariant and the scalar particle yields the richer dynamical behavior of the particle in the rotating EMDA black hole spacetime.
Tunable electronic and magnetic properties of 3d transition metal ion-doped monolayer graphitic-ZnO: An ab-initio calculation
Authors: Ghosh Sulagna , Moshat Sudipta , Sanyal Dirtha
Published: September 2023

Electronic and magnetic properties of transition metal (TM) ion-doped monolayer zinc oxide (ML-ZnO) have been analyzed using ab-initio calculations in the frame work of density functional theory. Spin–spin interaction study reveals that Cr, Mn, Fe and Cu doped at Zn site of ML-ZnO show stable ferromagnetic ordering along with the half-metallic behavior for most of the cases. The electronic and magnetic properties of the pristine system can also be modified by using co-doping. 3d orbital electrons of the dopants are primarily responsible for the origin of magnetic moment and the remaining part comes from the 3d and 2p orbital electrons of Zn and O atoms, respectively. Moreover, the magnetic ordering in Fe-doped ML-ZnO can change with the doping distance between the dopants.
Radiative Jeffrey fluid transport over a stretching surface with anomalous heat and mass flux
Authors: Kasali Kazeem B. , Tijani Yusuf O. , Ajadi Suraju O. , Yusuf Abdulhakeem
Published: September 2023

As a means of influencing technological advancements in engineering applications and various fluid products, the generalized Fourier’s and Fick’s models have proven to be of great importance. Industries such as power station engineering, high thermal material processing, and bio-heat elements apply the concept of anomalous heat and mass transfer mechanism. The objective of this study is to stimulate the flow of a radiative magnetohydrodynamics Jeffery fluid over an expanding surface with anomalous heat and mass transfer dynamics subjected to nth order reaction and variable thermophysical properties. A set of similarity transformations is used to neutralize the governing equations into a nondimensionless form. To obtain the model parametric analysis, a numerical tool via the spectral local linearization method (SLLM) is deployed after transformation of the governing flow equation from a two-unknown partial differential equations to a one-variable ordinary differential equation. It is observed that the thermal boundary layer thickness is found to be enhanced with increasing parametric values of magnetic, Eckert and radiation parameters. For the radiation parameter [Formula: see text], the skin drag force, Nusselt and Sherwood number increase by [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Additionally, a [Formula: see text] increment in the nth order parameter boosts the rate of heat transfer by [Formula: see text] while it downsizes the Sherwood number by [Formula: see text].
Optimization of mixed cation organic–inorganic lead halide perovskite solar cell performance
Authors: Ritu  , Gagandeep  , Kumar Ramesh , Chand Fakir
Published: September 2023

In this paper, the experimentally studied perovskite solar cell structure, ITO/SnO2/(FAPbI3)[Formula: see text] (MAPbBr[Formula: see text]Cly)x/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au, is considered as our primary cell structure. The Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator is used to investigate the cell performance. The cell performance is obtained after optimizing the influence of layer thickness (open circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, short circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm2, fill [Formula: see text]%, power conversion [Formula: see text]%). In addition, various inorganic hole transporting layers are incorporated in place of Spiro-OMeTAD to improve cell stability and performance. Finally, with an open circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]V, a short circuit [Formula: see text][Formula: see text]mA/cm2, a fill [Formula: see text]%, and a power conversion efficiency = 19.55%, the optimized cell structure i.e., ITO/SnO2/(FAPbI3)[Formula: see text](MAPbBr[Formula: see text]Cly)x/CulnSe2/Au, performs better. The cell performance is examined in relation to defect density in the absorber layer and at the layer interface. The primary cell results are also validated with the existing experimental results in the literature. This research will pave the way for the development of highly efficient mix-cation perovskite solar cells.
Generation of coherent XUV radiation at different interaction lengths using the ultrashort laser system
Authors: Sayrac Muhammed
Published: September 2023

Generation of short wavelengths is obtained using the gas cells having different lengths. A Ti:sapphire laser system at 1[Formula: see text]kHz or 10[Formula: see text]Hz repetition rate is used to produce high harmonic generation (HHG). The gas cell producing optimum harmonic spectrum is determined using the 1[Formula: see text]kHz laser system. The optimum harmonic signal is obtained under the phase-matched condition. The total harmonic yield is increased by adjusting argon gas pressure in the different gas cell lengths (length of the interaction mediums). Harmonics up to the 27th order are obtained. The 1D model is used for the calculation of harmonic yield at different interaction lengths. The high-power laser system at the 10[Formula: see text]Hz repetition rate is used to generate high-order harmonics. The harmonic orders are extended to the 35th harmonic in argon gas. A harmonic spectrum in H2 gas is generated using different pump laser power. The power dependence of the harmonic signal from H2 gas is obtained. The variation of the harmonic spectrum for the different cell parameters is explained as a constructive or destructive buildup of generated harmonics while they propagate through the gas cell.
Multistability Switches and Codimension-2 Bifurcation in an SIRS(Z) Model with Two Delays
Authors: Das Tanuja , Srivastava Prashant K. , Singh Sheetal
Published: September 2023

In an [Formula: see text] model, the combined effect of two delays, incubation delay and information delay, is investigated on disease dynamics. Here [Formula: see text] is information density. A unique disease-free equilibrium is obtained which is locally stable for basic reproduction number ([Formula: see text]) below one and unstable for [Formula: see text] above one for all delays. The unique endemic equilibrium, which exists for [Formula: see text] exhibits stability switches at the critical values of delays regardless of its initial stability (i.e. either stable or unstable without delay). We observe that both delays have a significant impact on stability switching. If one delay destabilizes the endemic equilibrium, another delay may restore it, and vice versa. In our analysis, we fix one delay in specific ranges while varying and showing the effect of the other delay. We note that if the first delay is changed, the impact of the second delay changes as well. We explicitly show this result for all ranges of the first delay. We show that in the presence of multiple codimension-1 Hopf bifurcations, endemic equilibrium switches stability multiple times, which we prove both analytically and numerically. When delays are varied in the presence of a codimension-2 Hopf–Hopf bifurcation, endemic equilibrium either switches stability from unstable to stable to unstable or generates different frequency oscillations around it. We investigated this result numerically. The double frequencies oscillations are observed as a result of this codimension-2 bifurcation. We also find a region in two-parametric plane to show various dynamical properties varied from stability to double frequency oscillation.
Fuzzy Sampled-Data Stabilization of Hidden Oscillations in a Memristor-Based Dynamical System
Authors: Bhagyaraj T. , Sabarathinam S. , Popov Viktor , Thamilmaran K. , Vadivel R. , Gunasekaran Nallappan
Published: September 2023

In the manuscript, we report the dynamics of the Takagi–Sugeno (T–S) fuzzy memristor-based hidden system via sampled-data control. For an open-loop formulation, the system dynamics are studied. We found extreme events, hidden attractors, and trivial period doubling scenarios and confirmed them through numerical, analytical, statistical and experimental analyses. Furthermore, to enable stability analysis and control combination, the (T–S) fuzzy algorithm is employed to control the dynamics of a nonlinear system. First, we designed the sampled data fuzzy controller (SDFC) for the proposed system. Second, the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) strategy, novel integral inequality mechanisms, and certain sufficient conditions are determined by deriving the linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which ensure the asymptotic stability of the system. Moreover, the sampled data control gains are computed for the large sampling interval, and numerically obtained results confirm the theoretical results. Additionally, a simple real-time analog electronic circuit is constructed, and experimental data is obtained, and finally, numerically simulated results were verified through MATLAB.
Computing Invariant Measures of Weakly Convex Random Maps with Position Dependent Probabilities
Authors: Jin Congming , Ding Jiu
Published: September 2023

A random map is closely related to a chaotic system consisting of a collection of measurable transformations. For a class of weakly convex random maps, we propose piecewise linear or quadratic Markov methods for numerically computing an absolutely continuous invariant measure and prove their convergence.
Traffic Congestion Prediction Using Feature Series LSTM Neural Network and a New Congestion Index
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Kranti
Published: September 2023

Large and expanding cities suffer from a traffic congestion problem that harms the environment, travelers, and the economy. This paper aims to predict short term traffic congestion on a road section of expressway in Delhi city. For this purpose, we first propose a traffic congestion index based on traffic speed and flow. Clustering techniques and the Greenshield’s model were used for the derivation of the congestion index. Using this congestion index, congested time intervals of each day and each location of a weekday were identified. This study also introduces a feature series long short-term memory neural network (FSLSTMNN), which links a long short-term memory (LSTM) layer to each feature. It is trained using the many heterogeneous traffic features data collected in Delhi city for the next five minutes of traffic flow and speed prediction. FSLSTMNN achieved the good capability to learn feature series data. We also trained several traditional and deep-learning models using the same traffic data. The FSLSTMNN reduces mean absolute error 12.90% and 17.13%, respectively, in speed and traffic flow prediction compared to the second good-performance long short-term memory neural network (LSTMNN). Finally, traffic congestion is predicted classwise (light, medium, and congested) using the developed congestion index and traffic speed and flow predicted by the FSLSTMNN. Predicted results are consistent with the measured field data. Study results confirm that the developed congestion index and FSLSTMNN can be used successfully to predict traffic congestion.
A Reference Architecture of Human Cyber-Physical Systems – Part I: Fundamental Concepts
Authors: Damm Werner , Hess David , Schweda Mark , Sztipanovits Janos , Bengler Klaus , Biebl Bianca , Fränzle Martin , Hagemann Willem , Held Moritz , Ihme Klas , Kacianka Severin , Kerscher Alyssa J. , Lehnhoff Sebastian , Luedtke Andreas , Pretschner Alexander , Rakow Astrid , Rieger Jochem , Sonntag Daniel , Schwammberger Maike , Austel Benedikt , Unni Anirudh , Veith Eric
Published: September 2023

We propose a reference architecture of safety-critical or industry-critical human cyber-physical systems (CPSs) capable of expressing essential classes of system-level interactions between CPS and humans relevant for the societal acceptance of such systems. To reach this quality gate, the expressivity of the model must go beyond classical viewpoints such as operational, functional, and architectural views and views used for safety and security analysis. The model does so by incorporating elements of such systems for mutual introspections in situational awareness, capabilities, and intentions to enable a synergetic, trusted relation in the interaction of humans and CPSs, which we see as a prerequisite for their societal acceptance. The reference architecture is represented as a metamodel incorporating conceptual and behavioral semantic aspects. We illustrate the key concepts of the metamodel with examples from cooperative autonomous driving, the operating room of the future, cockpit-tower interaction, and crisis management.
Search-Based Software Testing Driven by Automatically Generated and Manually Defined Fitness Functions
Authors: Formica Federico , Fan Tony , Menghi Claudio
Published: September 2023

Search-based software testing (SBST) typically relies on fitness functions to guide the search exploration toward software failures. There are two main techniques to define fitness functions: (a) automated fitness function computation from the specification of the system requirements, and (b) manual fitness function design. Both techniques have advantages. The former uses information from the system requirements to guide the search toward portions of the input domain more likely to contain failures. The latter uses the engineers’ domain knowledge.

We propose
ATheNA
, a novel SBST framework that combines fitness functions automatically generated from requirements specifications and those manually defined by engineers. We design and implement
ATheNA-S
, an instance of
ATheNA
that targets Simulink
®
models. We evaluate
ATheNA-S
by considering a large set of models from different domains. Our results show that
ATheNA-S
generates more failure-revealing test cases than existing baseline tools and that the difference between the runtime performance of
ATheNA-S
and the baseline tools is not statistically significant. We also assess whether
ATheNA-S
could generate failure-revealing test cases when applied to two representative case studies: one from the automotive domain and one from the medical domain. Our results show that
ATheNA-S
successfully revealed a requirement violation in our case studies.
Malicious Account Identification in Social Network Platforms
Authors: Caruccio Loredana , Cimino Gaetano , Cirillo Stefano , Desiato Domenico , Polese Giuseppe , Tortora Genoveffa
Published: September 2023

Today, people of all ages are increasingly using Web platforms for social interaction. Consequently, many tasks are being transferred over social networks, like advertisements, political communications, and so on, yielding vast volumes of data disseminated over the network. However, this raises several concerns regarding the truthfulness of such data and the accounts generating them. Malicious users often manipulate data to gain profit. For example, malicious users often create fake accounts and fake followers to increase their popularity and attract more sponsors, followers, and so on, potentially producing several negative implications that impact the whole society. To deal with these issues, it is necessary to increase the capability to properly identify fake accounts and followers. By exploiting automatically extracted data correlations characterizing meaningful patterns of malicious accounts, in this article we propose a new feature engineering strategy to augment the social network account dataset with additional features, aiming to enhance the capability of existing machine learning strategies to discriminate fake accounts. Experimental results produced through several machine learning models on account datasets of both the Twitter and the Instagram platforms highlight the effectiveness of the proposed approach toward the automatic discrimination of fake accounts. The choice of Twitter is mainly due to its strict privacy laws, and because its the only social network platform making data of their accounts publicly available.
Effect of Local Substrate Removal and Backside Al Heat Dissipation Layer on GaN-on-Si Device RF Performance
Authors: Lin Yuan , Huang Hsuan-Yao , Weng You-Chen , Kuo Hao-Chung , Dee Chang Fu , Lin Chun-Hsiung , Chang Edward Yi
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the influence of local substrate removal and the implementation of a backside Al heat dissipation layer on the radio frequency (RF) performance of GaN-on-Si devices. To optimize the RF properties of these devices by mitigating the influence of the parasitic capacitance layer between the AlN nucleation layer and the Si substrate by the local substrate removal process. Nevertheless, this removal reduces the heat dissipation path, elevating channel temperatures and reducing drain current and transconductance (GM). To address this issue, an Al heat dissipation layer is deposited onto the device’s backside surface. Combining the LSR process and the Al heat dissipation layer improved power-added efficiency from 38.93% to 48.47% at a frequency of 3.5 GHz.
Silver Nanoparticle Decorated Perforated Graphene: An Efficient and Low-Cost Catalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Chakraborty Nabamita , Ghosh Shrabani , Samanta Madhupriya , Das Biswajit , Chattopadhyay Kalyan K.
Published: September 2023

Recently, the fabrication of noble-metal-free, Earth-abundant, inexpensive, and efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) has become a challenge for clean and sustainable energy applications. This report details the one-step pyrolysis method for producing perforated graphene (PG) using dead Bougainvillea bracts (natural waste) without activating agents. The properties of the as-prepared PG are studied through basic and electrochemical characterizations. In addition, silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are attached to it in weight ratios of 1:5 and 1:8, resulting in a composite catalyst that exhibits notable activity towards HER. The electrochemical performances of the catalysts reveal that PG:Ag 1:5 displays superior electrocatalytic HER activity in an acidic medium, with an onset potential of approximately −143 mV, an overpotential of 327 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2, and a Tafel slope of around 125 mV dec−1. In order to assess its stability, the optimized catalyst was subjected to a chronoamperometric study for a duration of 104 s. This study presents a simple and effective way to produce hydrogen sustainably from electrochemical water splitting, using efficient, stable, environmentally friendly, abundant, and low-cost catalysts.
An Intelligent Framework Based on Deep Learning for SMS and e-mail Spam Detection
Authors: Maqsood Umair , Ur Rehman Saif , Ali Tariq , Mahmood Khalid , Alsaedi Tahani , Kundi Mahwish
Published: September 2023

The use of short message service (SMS) and e-mail have increased too much over the last decades. 80% of people do not read e-mails while 98% of cell phone users daily read their SMS. However, these communication media are unsafe and can produce malicious attacks called spam. The e-mails that pretend to be from a trusted company to provide “financial or personal information” are phishing e-mails. These e-mails contain some links; users might download malicious software on their computers when they click on them. Most techniques and models are developed to automatically detect these “SMS and e-mails” but none of them achieved 100% accuracy. In previous studies using machine learning (ML), spam detection using a small dataset has resulted in lower accuracy. To counter this problem, in this paper, multiple classifiers of ML and a classifier of deep learning (DL) were applied to the SMS and e-mail dataset for spam detection with higher accuracy. After conducting experiments on the real dataset, the researchers concluded that the proposed system performed better and more accurately than previously existing models. Specifically, the support vector machine (SVM) classifier outperformed all others. These results suggest that SVM is the optimal choice for classification purposes.
Pharmacotherapy Considerations in Antiemetic Prophylaxis for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting
Authors: Shahrami Bita , Biglari Mohammad , Kaveh-Ahangaran Romina , Rad Soroush , Hadjibabaie Molouk , Vaezi Mohammad
Published: September 2023

Objectives. Although several guidelines are available aiming for optimal chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) control, there still remain critical therapeutic challenges: (i) recommendations are mainly drug-based, not protocol-based; (ii) the risk of antiemetics-related interactions is not highlighted; (iii) the emetogenicity of a regimen may vary over the cycle; and (iv) the impact of the underlying malignancy is overlooked. Apparently, the existing approach seems not to be generally efficient and puts patients at risk of insufficient use of antiemetics as well as poor emesis control. Evidence Acquisition. This study has re-evaluated the emetogenicity of chemotherapy regimens based on administered medications on each day, drug-drug interactions, combination therapy, and delayed CINV. Results. A literature review was done to re-evaluate the emetogenicity of the commonly accepted chemotherapy regimens based on administered medications on each day, drug interactions, combination therapy, and delayed CINV. Conclusion. The revised CINV prophylaxis protocols with sorted recommendations for hematologic malignancies and solid tumors have been represented, with respect to the availability of prophylactic medications.
Dynamic Analysis of Marine Drilling Risers Considering Steady Current, Surface Wave, Internal Solitary Wave, and Vessel Motion
Authors: Gao Guanghai , Li Yulong , Cong Xiao , Xu Kunshan , Cui Yunjing
Published: September 2023

In this paper, considering combined excitations of the steady current, surface wave, internal solitary wave as well as, the vessel’s surge and heave motions, a time‐domain model is established to investigate the lateral dynamic response of marine drilling risers. The finite element and Newmark‐β methods are used to solve the nonlinear partial differential equation in the time‐domain. The entire numerical solution process is realized by a self‐developed program based on MATLAB. The reliability of the numerical solution program is verified by comparing it with published numerical results. The lateral dynamic responses of a real‐scale marine drilling riser, usually used in the deep water oil/gas industry in the South China Sea, are studied. The impact level of each factor in the riser’s lateral dynamic response is discussed.
EDIL3 as an Angiogenic Target of Immune Exclusion Following Checkpoint Blockade
Authors: Tabasum Saba , Thapa Dinesh , Giobbie-Hurder Anita , Weirather Jason L. , Campisi Marco , Schol Pieter J. , Li Xiaoyu , Li Jingjing , Yoon Charles H. , Manos Michael P. , Barbie David A. , Hodi F. Stephen
Published: September 2023

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has become the standard of care for several solid tumors. Multiple combinatorial approaches have been studied to improve therapeutic efficacy. The combination of antiangiogenic agents and ICB has demonstrated efficacy in several cancers. To improve the mechanistic understanding of synergies with these treatment modalities, we performed screens of sera from long-term responding patients treated with ipilimumab and bevacizumab. We discovered a high-titer antibody response against EGF-like repeats and discoidin I–like domains protein 3 (EDIL3) that correlated with favorable clinical outcomes. EDIL3 is an extracellular protein, previously identified as a marker of poor prognosis in various malignancies. Our Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion analysis predicted that EDIL3 was associated with immune exclusion signatures for cytotoxic immune cell infiltration and nonresponse to ICB. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) were predicted as the source of EDIL3 in immune exclusion–related cells. Furthermore, The Cancer Genome Atlas Skin Cutaneous Melanoma (TCGA-SKCM) and CheckMate 064 data analyses correlated high levels of EDIL3 with increased pan-fibroblast TGFβ response, enrichment of angiogenic signatures, and induction of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Our in vitro studies validated EDIL3 overexpression and TGFβ regulation in patient-derived CAFs. In pretreatment serum samples from patients, circulating levels of EDIL3 were associated with circulating levels of VEGF, and like VEGF, EDIL3 increased the angiogenic abilities of patient-derived tumor endothelial cells (TEC). Mechanistically, three-dimensional microfluidic cultures and two-dimensional transmigration assays with TEC endorsed EDIL3-mediated disruption of the lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)–ICAM-1 interaction as a possible means of T-cell exclusion. We propose EDIL3 as a potential target for improving the transendothelial migration of immune cells and efficacy of ICB therapy.
The Inherited KRAS-variant as a Biomarker of Cetuximab Response in NSCLC
Authors: Weidhaas Joanne B. , Hu Chen , Komaki Ritsuko , Masters Gregory A. , Blumenschein George R. , Chang Joe Y. , Lu Bo , Dicker Adam P. , Bogart Jeffrey A. , Garces Yolanda I. , Narayan Samir , Robinson Clifford G. , Kavadi Vivek S. , Greenberger Joel S. , Koprowski Christopher D. , Welsh James , Gore Elizabeth M. , MacRae Robert M. , Paulus Rebecca , Bradley Jeffrey D.
Published: September 2023

Purpose:

RTOG 0617 was a phase III randomized trial for patients with unresectable stage IIIA/IIIB non–small cell lung cancer comparing standard-dose (60 Gy) versus high-dose (74 Gy) radiotherapy and chemotherapy, plus or minus cetuximab. Although the study was negative, based on prior evidence that patients with the KRAS-variant, an inherited germline mutation, benefit from cetuximab, we evaluated KRAS-variant patients in RTOG 0617.

Experimental Design:

From RTOG 0617, 328 of 496 (66%) of patients were included in this analysis. For time-to-event outcomes, stratified log-rank tests and multivariable Cox regression models were used. For binary outcomes, Cochran—Mantel–Haenzel tests and multivariable logistic regression models were used. All statistical tests were two sided, and a P value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

A total of 17.1% (56/328) of patients had the KRAS-variant, and overall survival rates were similar between KRAS-variant and non-variant patients. However, there was a time-dependent effect of cetuximab seen only in KRAS-variant patients—while the hazard of death was higher in cetuximab-treated patients within year 1 [HR = 3.37, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13–10.10, P = 0.030], death was lower from year 1 to 4 (HR = 0.33, 95% CI: 0.11–0.97, P = 0.043). In contrast, in non-variant patients, the addition of cetuximab significantly increased local failure (HR = 1.59, 95% CI: 1.11–2.28, P = 0.012).

Conclusions/Discussion:

Although an overall survival advantage was not achieved in KRAS-variant patients, there is potential impact of cetuximab for this genetic subset of patients. In contrast, cetuximab seems to harm non-variant patients. These findings further support the importance of genetic patient selection in trials studying the addition of systemic agents to radiotherapy.

Significance:

The KRAS-variant is the first functional, inherited miRNA-disrupting variant identified in cancer. Our findings support that cetuximab has a potentially beneficial impact on KRAS-variant patients treated with radiation. The work confirms prior evidence that KRAS-variant patients are a subgroup who are especially sensitive to radiation. These findings further support the potential of this class of variants to enable true treatment personalization, considering the equally important endpoints of response and toxicity.
Wear, Fatigue, and Fracture Resistance of Different Monolithic CAD/CAM Onlays as Abutments for Acetal Resin or Cobalt-Chromium Removable Partial Denture Frameworks
Authors: Khalifa Nadia , Doory Zeina , Damanhoury Hatem
Published: September 2023

Purpose: To assess wear, fatigue, and fracture resistance of different CAD/CAM onlays, milled from monolithic Zirconia (Zr), hybrid ceramic (EN), and lithium disilicate (LS), when used as abutments for removable partial denture frameworks fabricated from acetal resin (AR) or cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr). Methods: Standard onlays and RPD framework were designed and milled using CAD/CAM. Onlays were cemented with resin cement to identical teeth models. The RPD's occlusal rest surface and the ceramic onlays' rest seats were both 3D scanned before and after 750,000 mechanical load cycles (50 N) and 8,000 thermal cycles (5-55°C) in a chewing simulator. The volumetric loss was measured using 3D image processing software, and the failure of the samples was detected using a stereomicroscope. The fracture resistance was tested by loading to failure in a universal testing machine. The fatigue failure results were analyzed with Fisher's exact probability test and the wear and fracture resistance data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni Post-hoc test (P<0.05). Results: A significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the tested experimental groups in wear, fatigue, and fracture resistance. Zr/Co-Cr combinations exhibited the least wear and the highest fatigue and fracture resistance (P<0.05), while the highest wear and least fatigue and fracture resistance were recorded for EN/AR group (p<0.05). Conclusions: Zr onlays demonstrated a conservative treatment option with superior mechanical behavior when used as an onlay abutment, regardless of the RPD framework material used. The AR framework is not recommended in the posterior region for removable partial dentures.
“Great Historians Are Biological Freaks”: Siegfried Kracauer's Philosophy of History
Authors: Lotery Kevin
Published: September 2023

This text examines Siegfried Kracauer's unfinished final book, the posthumously published History: The Last Things Before the Last (1969). While Kracauer's Weimar writings have long been celebrated, History, apart from a few key early texts, has only recently been given critical attention. Written in English in New York in the 1960s, the book lies at the intersection of film theory and historical philosophy. One of the key contributions of History, I argue, is that it offers a filmic technology of historical thought that might intervene in the emergent systems of temporal management and control that haunted the 1960s and continue to condition our experience of time to this day. Kracauer's name for his counter-technology is “the anteroom,” and its function is to aid utopian thought and practice, what he calls “the emergence of something new, something beyond the jurisdiction of nature.”
The Madness of the Gaze: for Hubert Damisch, in every light
Authors: Krauss Rosalind E.
Published: September 2023

In his seminar “The Eye and the Gaze,” Jacques Lacan is forced to regard the problem of the unconscious through the grid of the Cartesian cogito. In the certainty of “I think, therefore I am,” which expresses the complete transparency of the self to its own apprehension, leaves no space for the ineffability of the unconscious. Lacan sees this proto-enlightenment certainty running through all perceptual mechanisms, as in Paul Valèry's poem “La Jeune Parque,” which declares, “I saw myself seeing myself.” Lacan turns to anamorphosis as a perceptual exception, in which there are two viewing points turned on the same object, neither coinciding with the other, such that classical perspective's fundamental unity of the perceiving subject is alienated from itself—a Spaltung, or split, that enables the unconscious presence of the uncanny and its castrative impression of death.
DMDD: A Large-Scale Dataset for Dataset Mentions Detection
Authors: Pan Huitong , Zhang Qi , Dragut Eduard , Caragea Cornelia , Latecki Longin Jan
Published: September 2023

The recognition of dataset names is a critical task for automatic information extraction in scientific literature, enabling researchers to understand and identify research opportunities. However, existing corpora for dataset mention detection are limited in size and naming diversity. In this paper, we introduce the Dataset Mentions Detection Dataset (DMDD), the largest publicly available corpus for this task. DMDD consists of the DMDD main corpus, comprising 31,219 scientific articles with over 449,000 dataset mentions weakly annotated in the format of in-text spans, and an evaluation set, which comprises 450 scientific articles manually annotated for evaluation purposes. We use DMDD to establish baseline performance for dataset mention detection and linking. By analyzing the performance of various models on DMDD, we are able to identify open problems in dataset mention detection. We invite the community to use our dataset as a challenge to develop novel dataset mention detection models.
T3L: Translate-and-Test Transfer Learning for Cross-Lingual Text Classification
Authors: Unanue Inigo Jauregi , Haffari Gholamreza , Piccardi Massimo
Published: September 2023

Cross-lingual text classification leverages text classifiers trained in a high-resource language to perform text classification in other languages with no or minimal fine-tuning (zero/ few-shots cross-lingual transfer). Nowadays, cross-lingual text classifiers are typically built on large-scale, multilingual language models (LMs) pretrained on a variety of languages of interest. However, the performance of these models varies significantly across languages and classification tasks, suggesting that the superposition of the language modelling and classification tasks is not always effective. For this reason, in this paper we propose revisiting the classic “translate-and-test” pipeline to neatly separate the translation and classification stages. The proposed approach couples 1) a neural machine translator translating from the targeted language to a high-resource language, with 2) a text classifier trained in the high-resource language, but the neural machine translator generates “soft” translations to permit end-to-end backpropagation during fine-tuning of the pipeline. Extensive experiments have been carried out over three cross-lingual text classification datasets (XNLI, MLDoc, and MultiEURLEX), with the results showing that the proposed approach has significantly improved performance over a competitive baseline.