bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy and Safety of Lebrikizumab in Atopic Dermatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Alahmadi Mohammed Abdullah , Hamzah Khadeeja Ali , Aljubori Eathar Haidar , Hadi Dalia Dhia , Tuke Marwa Mohammed Saleh , Ellebedy Mohamed , Alammar Juman , Alkhfash Ghadir Ali , Al-Saaidy Haydar Raheem Hmoud
Published: November 2024

Background: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) is a long-lasting dermatological condition that leads to skin irritation and inflammation. In cases of severe cases of AD biological therapy may be warranted. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we aim to assess the efficacy and safety of Lebrikizumab, an IL-13 immunomodulator.
Methodology: A systematic search was used in the following databases Medline, Scopus, Clinical Trials.gov registry (CT.gov), EBSCO, Science Direct, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Google Scholar. The efficacy of Lebrikizumab was evaluated by using some measures such as Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA), Body Surface Area (BSA), and Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI). The measures namely serious adverse events (SAEs), and non-serious adverse events (NSAEs) were used to assess the safety. The risk of bias was determined by the Revised Cochrane risk of bias tool.
Results: Four randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in our meta-analysis with a total of 1,686 patients who had taken lebrikizumab (n =1,168) compared with placebo (n= 518). The total analysis demonstrated a decrease in the area and severity of eczema as measured by EASI when using lebrikizumab, this decrease was statistically significant compared to placebo (mean difference (MD): -25.60, 95% CI [-38.01, -13.18], P < 0.0001), statistically significant enhancement in the Change of BSA with lebrikizumab compared to placebo (MD: -9.81, 95% CI [-15.39, -4.23], P < 0.0006), and significant enhancement in the EASI 75 score with lebrikizumab compared to placebo (Risk Ratio (RR):2.60, 95% CI [2.17, 3.13], P < 0.00001). Lebrikizumab did not correlate significantly with the incidence of NSAEs and SAEs as concluded by the pooled analysis of safety.
Conclusion: Lebrikizumab has demonstrated promise as a treatment option for AD. It has shown significant effectiveness across various measures and has exhibited a favourable safety profile. Future research is required to evaluate long-term safety and efficacy.
Cost Efficiency and Profitability of Papaya Marketing Channels in North-eastern Karnataka, India
Authors: Anushree K , Reddy B S , S Vijayachandra Reddy , M Satishkumar , Pujari Ravi
Published: November 2024

The study on the economic analysis of papaya marketing in North-Eastern Karnataka, focuses on identifying the existing marketing system for papaya and analyzes the marketing cost, margin, price spread and marketing efficiency of different marketing channels. The study was conducted in four districts of North-Eastern Karnataka region and employed multistage random sampling technique to gather data from 80 papaya cultivators and 20 market intermediaries. Three major marketing channels were identified, each showing distinct cost structures and preferences among farmers. The findings highlighted that channel I was the most preferred among farmers, but it also exhibited the highest price spread compared to other channels. Channel III recorded the highest producer's share in the consumer's rupee (60.60%) and was identified as the most efficient channel based on both the Shepherd's approach (3.84) and the Acharya and Agarwal approach (1.54). The selection of a marketing channel significantly affects profitability and the distribution of risk among stakeholders. It is suggested that, due to the higher marketing costs incurred by farmers, they often opt to sell through pre-harvest contractors (PHCs). Therefore, it is recommended that these intermediaries be regulated through the Agricultural Produce Market Committee (APMC) to streamline the supply chain and improve market access for papaya growers.
Microbial Ecology of Denitrification Process and Its Application in Wastewater: Treatment, Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Shakeel Asma , M.Khan Inayat , IMRAN GM , Krishnaveni S. Anandha , G Malathi , Devi T. Sivasankari , Kannan T.M. Sathees , Andleeb Syed , Kalaimani Priya Subramanian , Krishnaveni A.
Published: November 2024

Denitrification is a crucial microbial process in the nitrogen cycle, transforming nitrate (NO₃⁻) into nitrogen gas (N₂), thereby mitigating nitrogen pollution in aquatic ecosystems. This microbial activity plays a vital role in wastewater treatment by removing excess nitrogen, which contributes to eutrophication and water contamination. The denitrification process involves various microbial communities, including bacteria such as Pseudomonas, Paracoccus, and Bacillus, which operate under anoxic conditions to achieve nitrogen reduction, an optimizing denitrification in wastewater treatment presents several challenges, such as maintaining ideal environmental conditions (e.g., carbon availability, oxygen levels, pH) and overcoming issues related to incomplete denitrification, which can lead to the production of harmful intermediates like nitrous oxide (N₂O). Despite these hurdles, recent advancements in microbial ecology, such as the use of biofilms, bioreactors, and genetic engineering, offer promising opportunities to enhance denitrification efficiency. This review explores the microbial ecology of the denitrification process, its application in wastewater treatment, and the challenges and opportunities associated with its practical implementation in reducing nitrogen pollution.
Bolşeviklerin Kırgızistan’da Eğitim Üzerinden Ruslaştırma Faaliyetleri (1917-1945)
Authors: Kılıçaslan Yusuf
Published: November 2024

Çalışmanın amacı Kırgızistan’da Sovyet eğitim sistemini inceleyerek Bolşeviklerin Ruslaştırma politikalarını ve akislerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışmada dönemin ana kaynaklarına başvurularak araştırma eserlerden de faydalanılmıştır. Bazı bilim adamları Sovyetler Birliği sayesinde Kırgızların ilk defa eğitim gördüklerini iddia etmektedir. Diğer bilim adamları ise Kırgızların eğitim yoluyla sömürülerek Sovyet propagandasına hizmet ettirildiklerini savunmuşlardır. Bu çalışmayı gerçekleştirmemizdeki gayemiz devrim öncesi ve Sovyet dönemi eğitim sistemini inceleyerek meselenin perde arkasına ışık tutmaktır. Çarlık döneminde Kırgızların yaşadığı bölgelerde yeterli düzeyde mektep ve medresenin varlığı ve öğrenci mevcudu dikkate değerdir. Ancak bu eğitim kurumları Çarlık Rusya tarafından eğitim yuvası olarak kabul edilmemiştir. Çünkü Çarlık zamanında Rusya’da eğitim yaygın olarak misyoner papazlar tarafından yürütülmüştür. Kilise eğitiminin karşısında mektep ve medrese eğitimi doğal olarak kabul görmemiştir. Sovyetler Birliği de Kırgızistan’da sosyal misyonerlik yürüterek kendi ideolojisine hizmet etmeyen hiçbir eğitim kurum ve kuruluşunun varlığını kabul etmemiştir. Birinci görüşü savunanların dayanak noktası burasıdır. Sovyetlerin Kırgızistan eğitim politikası ayrıntılı olarak incelendiğinde derin bir Ruslaştırma faaliyetinin olduğu karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bolşevik ideolojiyi savunan yeni nesiller yetiştirilmek üzere eğitimin planlandığı ve gençlik örgütlenmelerinin okullarda önemli görevler üstlenerek Sovyet propagandası yaptığı görülmektedir. İkinci tezi savunan bilim adamlarının görüşlerinin temelini burası oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamız ikinci görüş üzerine yoğunlaşmış ve eğitim siteminin yapısı ve işleyişi ele alınmış ve sonuçları analiz edilmiştir.
“Quem vai tomar conta da África?”
Authors: Silva Sandro José da , Veloso Dutra Walter
Published: November 2024

Este texto descreve a construção social da posição brasileira no setor do agronegócio em Moçambique como uma inciativa neocolonial em relação às economias emergentes, especialmente pela reprodução de estratégias econômicas e políticas dos países centrais voltadas para o controle do domínio territorial. O estudo dessas complexas relações deixa antever a inserção do Brasil neste novo cenário, cujo poder dos países do Sul Global se mostra um quintal político das economias globais, que busca reposicionar a imagem do Brasil como laboratório das raças a reinventar povos, hierarquias e fronteiras. A categoria “cooperação” preenche os espaços vazios da política de expansão territorial brasileira em direção ao país africano, bem como seu corolário cultural e simbólico investido na remodelação das relações históricas entre os dois países. Conclui-se que o Brasil busca remodelar sua inserção nas relações Sul-Sul, trazendo consigo dimensões autoritárias e raciais que estruturam tais relações.
protagonismo de um capoeira no pós-abolição
Authors: Oliveira Josivaldo Pires
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
FRAGA, Walter. Longe, muito longe: Manoel Benício dos Passos, um capoeira no ativismo do pós-abolição. 1ª edição. Rio de Janeiro: Zahar, 2023, 367p.
“Cota não é esmola!”, “Cota é esmola?”
Authors: Pereira Amilcar Araujo
Published: November 2024

Resenha de:
VAZ, Lívia Sant’Anna. Cotas raciais. São Paulo: Jandaíra, 2022 (Coleção Feminismos Plurais). 232 p.
forma do medo (1926)
Authors: Du Bois W. E. B. , Monti (tradução) Isabela Vicente
Published: November 2024

Tradução de:
W. E. B. Du Bois, “The Shape of Fear”, The North American Review, v. 223, n. 831 (1926), pp. 291-304.
Survey on Types of Attacks and Models of Intrusion Detection System
Authors: Sinha Abhilasha , Tiwari Prof. Rakesh Kumar , Thakur Prof.Onkar Nath
Published: November 2024

Networks are becoming increasingly dynamic due to the widespread use of portable wireless devices. Consequently, the Internet of Things (IoT) networks are able to adapt to diverse environments and applications, enhancing their flexibility. However, this increased flexibility also heightens the risk of attacks on such networks. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of the research conducted in the field of intrusion detection for securing various types of networks. The paper discusses the architecture of Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and categorizes them according to the specific networks they protect. It details the models proposed by various authors, elaborating on the techniques employed for detecting intrusions in different environments. Furthermore, the paper lists the strengths and limitations of various techniques used for intrusion detection. Lastly, it presents the evaluation parameters used to compare these models, offering a thorough comparison to understand their effectiveness and areas for improvement
Latest Developments in Modeling and Characterization of Joining Metal Based Hybrid Materials
Authors: Khoddam Shahin , Tian Liang , Sapanathan Thaneshan , Hodgson Peter D. , Zarei‐Hanzaki Abbas
Published: May 2018

Advanced materials consist of several materials systems that exhibit complementary properties for multi‐purpose applications. Joining of dissimilar materials is a critical and challenging advanced manufacturing technique to develop novel hybrid materials with properties fully transferred. The “bonding strength” of a joint is crucial for its integrity and performance. The bonding strength is affected by a range of parameters that can be better understood, controlled, and optimized via both experimental and analytical approaches. In this paper, the authors review the theoretical and experimental studies of the interface inside several metal based composites. The scope includes interface bonding's critical parameters, characterization techniques of joining processes, potential applications, and their future perspectives. The review is significant to develop advanced manufacturing techniques for heterogeneous materials and to design innovative heterogeneous systems for various medical, electrical, electronics, industrial, and other daily life applications that involve the broad range of “joining” processes.
Ultrafast Photoinduced Multimode Antiferromagnetic Spin Dynamics in Exchange‐Coupled Fe/RFeO3 (R = Er or Dy) Heterostructures
Authors: Tang Jin , Ke Yajiao , He Wei , Zhang Xiangqun , Zhang Wei , Li Na , Zhang Yongsheng , Li Yan , Cheng Zhaohua
Published: May 2018

Antiferromagnetic spin dynamics is important for both fundamental and applied antiferromagnetic spintronic devices; however, it is rarely explored by external fields because of the strong exchange interaction in antiferromagnetic materials. Here, the photoinduced excitation of ultrafast antiferromagnetic spin dynamics is achieved by capping antiferromagnetic RFeO3 (R = Er or Dy) with an exchange‐coupled ferromagnetic Fe film. Compared with antiferromagnetic spin dynamics of bare RFeO3 orthoferrite single crystals, which can be triggered effectively by ultrafast laser heating just below the phase transition temperature, the ultrafast photoinduced multimode antiferromagnetic spin dynamic modes, for exchange‐coupled Fe/RFeO3 heterostructures, including quasiferromagnetic resonance, impurity, coherent phonon, and quasiantiferromagnetic modes, are observed in a temperature range of 10–300 K. These experimental results not only offer an effective means to trigger ultrafast antiferromagnetic spin dynamics of rare‐earth orthoferrites, but also shed light on the ultrafast manipulation of antiferromagnetic magnetization in Fe/RFeO3 heterostructures.
Regio‐ and Enantioselective [3+2] Cycloaddition of α‐Purine Substituted Acrylates with Allenes: An Approach to Chiral Carbocyclic Nucleosides
Authors: Gao Yao‐Wei , Niu Hong‐Ying , Zhang Qi‐Ying , Xie Ming‐Sheng , Qu Gui‐Rong , Guo Hai‐Ming
Published: May 2018

N‐Heteroaromatic substituted acrylates are employed in the phosphine‐catalyzed [3+2] annulation with allenes for the first time, affording regiospecific carbocyclic nucleoside analogues in an α‐addition manner. Various chiral carbocyclic nucleoside analogues containing a quaternary stereocenter and a C=C double bond are generated in good yields (up to 90% yield) and excellent enantioselectivities (up to 97% ee). α‐Purine‐containing disubstituted acrylate and α‐benzimidazole substituted acrylate are also suitable substrates for this reaction.

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Effects of heterospecific pollen from a wind‐pollinated and pesticide‐treated plant on reproductive success of an insect‐pollinated species
Authors: Arceo‐Gómez Gerardo , Jameel Mohammad I. , Ashman Tia‐Lynn
Published: May 2018

Premise of The Study

Studies on the effects of heterospecific pollen (HP) transfer have been focused mainly on insect‐pollinated species, despite evidence of insect visitation to wind‐pollinated species and transfer of their pollen onto stigmas of insect‐pollinated plants. Thus, the potential consequences of HP transfer from wind‐pollinated species remain largely unknown. Furthermore, accumulation of pesticide residues in pollen of wind‐pollinated crops has been documented, but its potential effects on wild plant species via HP transfer have not been tested.

Methods

We evaluated the effect of wind‐dispersed Zea mays pollen on pollen tube growth of the insect‐pollinated Mimulus nudatus via hand pollinations. We further evaluated whether pesticide‐contaminated Z. mays pollen has larger effects on M. nudatus pollen success than non‐contaminated Z. mays pollen.

Key Results

We found a significant negative effect of Z. mays pollen on M. nudatus pollen tube growth even when deposited in small amounts. However, we did not observe any difference in the magnitude of this effect between pesticide‐laden Z. mays pollen and non‐contaminated Z. mays pollen.

Conclusions

Our results suggest that wind‐pollinated species can have negative effects as HP donors on insect‐pollinated recipients. Thus, their role in shaping co‐flowering interactions for wind‐ and insect‐pollinated species deserves more attention. Although we did not find evidence that pesticide contamination increased HP effects, we cannot fully rule out the existence of such an effect, because pollen load and thus the pesticide dose applied to stigmas was low. This result should be confirmed using other HP donors and across a range of HP loads, pesticide types, and concentrations.
Autoimmune antibodies and asbestos exposure: Evidence from Wittenoom, Western Australia
Authors: Reid Alison , Franklin Peter , de Klerk Nick , Creaney Jenette , Brims Fraser , Musk Bill , Pfau Jean
Published: May 2018

Background

Studies comparing different forms of asbestos are rare, and limited by the failure to compare results with unexposed populations. We compare autoimmune responses among former workers and residents of the crocidolite mining and milling town of Wittenoom, Western Australia, with an unexposed population.

Methods

ANA testing using indirect immunofluorescence was performed on randomly selected serum samples from Wittenoom workers or residents and compared with those from participants of another unexposed cohort study.

Results

ANA scores were higher in the Wittenoom participants compared with Busselton and the odds of being ANA positive was fivefold greater among Wittenoom participants than Busselton (OR 5.5, 95%CI 2.3‐13.0).

Conclusions

This study is the first to report increased ANA positivity among persons exposed exclusively to crocidolite. This finding of a high frequency of positive ANA tests among crocidolite‐exposed subjects may be an indicator for an increased risk of systemic autoimmune diseases and needs further scrutiny.
MAP2K2 mutation as a cause of cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome in an infant with a severe and fatal course of the disease
Authors: Gos Monika , Smigiel Robert , Kaczan Teresa , Landowska Aleksandra , Abramowicz Anna , Sasiadek Malgorzata , Bal Jerzy
Published: May 2018

Cardio‐facio‐cutaneous syndrome (CFCS), a rare congenital disorder of RASopathies, displays high phenotypic variability. Complications during pregnancy and in the perinatal period are commonly reported. Polyhydramnios is observed in over half of pregnancies and might occur with fetal macrocephaly, macrosomia, and/or heart defects. Premature birth is not uncommon and any complications like respiratory insufficiency, edema, and feeding difficulties are present and might delay accurate clinical diagnosis. Besides neonatal complications, CFCS newborns and later infants have distinctive dysmorphic features usually accompanied by neurological (hypotonia with motor delay, neurocognitive delay) findings. Also, heart defects usually present at birth. Herein, we present the case of a female baby born prematurely from a pregnancy complicated with polyhydramnios, presenting at birth with craniofacial features typical for RASopathies, heart defects, neurological abnormalities, and hyperkeratosis unusual for a neonatal period. Due to the presence of a heart defect and other complications related to premature birth, the course of the disease was severe with a fatal outcome at the age of 9 months. The RASopathy, particularly CFCS, clinical diagnosis was confirmed and de novo p.Phe57Ile mutation in MAP2K2 was identified.
Ein Zugang zum enantiomerenreinen axial chiralen Cyclophan Isoplagiochin D durch atrop‐diastereoselektive Heck‐Kupplung
Authors: Meidlinger Daniel , Marx Lisa , Bordeianu Catalina , Choppin Sabine , Colobert Françoise , Speicher Andreas
Published: May 2018

Die Makrocyclisierung ist üblicherweise der Schlüsselschritt in der Synthese von Naturstoffen des Typs Cyclophan. Betrachtet man Cyclophane mit axial chiralen Biaryleinheiten, so ist die Kontrolle der Atropselektivität – hinsichtlich Synthese und biologischen Aktivitäten – wesentlich und herausfordernd. Wir berichten über einen atropselektiven Zugang via Heck‐Cyclisierung, der erstmals die Totalsynthese eines enantiomerenreinen makrocyclischen Bis(bibenzyls), hier Isoplagiochin D, erlaubt. Ein enantiomerenreines Sulfinyl‐Auxiliar in ortho‐Position einer (noch flexiblen) Biarylachse induziert eine atrop‐diastereoselektive Heck‐Kupplung (bis zu 98 % de). Der spurlose Charakter des Sulfinyl‐Auxiliars ermöglicht anschließend effektiv die Einführung einer Hydroxylgruppe und so die Gewinnung des Zielmoleküls mit ebenfalls 98 % ee.
Highly efficient adsorption of Naphthol Green B and Phenol Red dye by Combination of Ultrasound wave and Copper‐Doped Zinc Sulfide Nanoparticles Loaded on Pistachio‐Nut Shell
Authors: Masoudian Navid , Rajabi Maryam , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Asghari Alireza
Published: May 2018

The simultaneous and competitive ultrasound‐assisted removal of naphthol green B (NG‐B) and phenol red (PH‐R) dye from aqueous solutions were rapidly performed onto copper‐doped zinc sulfide nanoparticles loaded on pistachio‐nut shell activated carbon (Zn‐S: Cu‐NPs‐PAC). Novel adsorbent was recognized by FT‐IR, EDX, SEM and particle size distribution techniques. First, the effect of pH on the removal efficiency was optimized by one‐at‐a‐time procedure and subsequently dependency of dyes removal in their binary situation to variables such as sonication time, initial dyes concentrations and adsorbent dosage was fully investigated and optimized by central composite design (CCD) under response surface methodology (RSM) as well as by regarding desirability function (DF). The good agreement between experimental and predicted values supports suitability of the present model for well definition adsorption state. The ultrasound strongly enhanced mass transfer and performance, while 0.035 g of adsorbent is sufficient and capable to remove high percentage (>99.0%) of dyes in the rapid time (6 min). The experimental equilibrium data represented by Langmuir at mild conditions for successful removal of high adsorption capacity in binary system (196 mg g−1 for PH‐R, 76 mg g−1 for NG‐ B). Kinetics evaluation of experiments at various time intervals reveals applicability of pseudo‐second‐ order models for description of adsorption processes.
Polymeric ionic liquid material‐anchored Mn–porphyrin anion: Heterogeneous catalyst for aerobic oxidation of olefins
Authors: Yazdely Tahereh Mokary , Ghorbanloo Massomeh , Hosseini‐Monfared Hassan
Published: May 2018

P(APTMACl)‐[Mn(TPPS)(OAc)] heterogeneous catalyst system comprised of anionic [Mn(tetrakis(4‐sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin)(OAc)] ([Mn(TPPS)(OAc)]) embedded within cationic cross‐linked polymeric ionic liquid (poly[(3‐acrylamidopropyl)trimethylammonium chloride], p(APTMACl)) hydrogel matrices was used for the selective aerobic oxidation of olefins. P(APTMACl)‐[Mn(TPPS)(OAc)] hydrogel was synthesized by radical polymerization in a solution of cationic APTMACl as an ionic liquid monomer, N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as cross‐linking agent, ammonium persulfate as initiator and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylmethylenediamine as accelerator in the presence of anionic [Mn(TPPS)(OAc)]. P(APTMACl)‐[Mn(TPPS)(OAc)] was characterized using Fourier transform infrared, diffuse reflectance UV–visible and atomic absorption spectroscopies and scanning electron microscopy. Differential scanning calorimetry was used for measuring the glass transition temperature. Catalytic activity of p(APTMACl)‐[Mn(TPPS)(OAc)] was investigated in the aerobic oxidation of olefins with emphasis on the effect of various parameters such as temperature, catalyst amount, substituent effect, etc. The catalyst was easily recovered from the reaction medium and could be re‐used for another seven runs without significant loss of activity.
Synthesis of the Dy: SrMoO4 with High Photocatalytic Activity under Visible Light Irradiation
Authors: Yao Zi‐Feng , Zheng Gan‐Hong , Dai Zhen‐Xiang , Zhang Ling‐Yun
Published: May 2018

Dysprosium (Dy)‐doping SrMoO4 (with different molar ratio of Dy/Sr = 0/100, 10/100, 15/100 and 20/100) have been synthesized by high temperature thermal decomposition of metal–organic salt in organic solvent with a high boiling point. Their structures, morphology, and optical properties were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), high‐resolution tuning electron microscopy ((HR)TEM), X‐ray photo‐electron spectroscopy (XPS), and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (UV–vis DRS). Using this method, the pure phase, nano‐size, and low band gap of SrMoO4 sample are obtained. The results shows that the size of as‐synthesized SrMoO4 nanoparticles was about 200 nm. The band gap of Dy‐doped SrMoO4 ranges from 3.76–3.90 eV, and decreases with increasing Dy concentration. The photocatalytic performance of as‐syntheszied products were determined from the degradation of methylene blue (MB) by UV–vis light irradiation. The 15 mol%Dy‐doped SrMoO4 sample shows the best performance for photocatalytic degradation of methyl blue of nearly 100% in 120 min under visible irradiation, which is higher than most of those reported before. The present work is meaningful for revealing the underlying mechanism in photocatalyst and improving the photocatalytic performance.
X‐ray structures, spectroscopic, electrochemical, thermal, antibacterial, and DFT studies of two nickel(II) and cobalt(III) complexes constructed from a new quinazoline‐type ligand
Authors: Chai Lan‐Qin , Hu Qi , Zhang Kong‐Yan , Chen Li‐Chuan , Li Yao‐Xin , Zhang Hong‐Song
Published: May 2018

Two two‐dimensional supramolecular Nickel(II) and Cobalt(III) complexes, [Ni(L2)2]·2CH3OH (1) and [2Co(L2)2] (2) (HL2 = 1‐(2‐{[(E)‐3‐bromo‐5‐chloro‐2‐hydroxybenzylidene]amino}phenyl)ethanone oxime), were synthesized via complexation of salts acetate with HL1 (2‐(3‐bromo‐5‐chloro‐2‐hydroxyphenyl)‐4‐methyl‐1,2‐dihydroquinazoline 3‐oxide, H is the deprotonatable hydrogen). During the reaction, the C–N bond in HL1 is converted into the C=N–OH group in HL2. The spectroscopic data of both complexes were compared with the ligand HL1. HL1 and both complexes were determined by single‐crystal X‐ray crystallography. The differently geometric features of the obtained complexes 1 and 2 are observed. In the crystal structure, 1 and 2 form an infinite 1‐D chain‐like and 2‐D supramolecular frameworks. EPR spectroscopy of 2 was investigated. Moreover, electrochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of both complexes were also studied. In addition, the calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show the character of HL1, complexes 1 and 2. The electronic transitions and spectral features of HL1 and both complexes were discussed by TD‐DFT calculations.
Isolated, overwhelmed, and worried: Young first‐time mothers asking for information and support online
Authors: Ruthven Ian , Buchanan Steven , Jardine Cara
Published: May 2018

This study investigates the emotional content of 174 posts from 162 posters to online forums made by young (age 14–21) first‐time mothers to understand what emotions are expressed in these posts and how these emotions interact with the types of posts and the indicators of Information Poverty within the posts. Using textual analyses we provide a classification of emotions within posts across three main themes of interaction emotions, response emotions, and preoccupation emotions and show that many requests for information by young first‐time mothers are motivated by negative emotions. This has implications for how moderators of online news groups respond to online request for help and for understanding how to support vulnerable young parents.
Innovation or imitation: The diffusion of citations
Authors: Min Chao , Ding Ying , Li Jiang , Bu Yi , Pei Lei , Sun Jianjun
Published: May 2018

Citations in scientific literature are important both for tracking the historical development of scientific ideas and for forecasting research trends. However, the diffusion mechanisms underlying the citation process remain poorly understood, despite the frequent and longstanding use of citation counts for assessment purposes within the scientific community. Here, we extend the study of citation dynamics to a more general diffusion process to understand how citation growth associates with different diffusion patterns. Using a classic diffusion model, we quantify and illustrate specific diffusion mechanisms which have been proven to exert a significant impact on the growth and decay of citation counts. Experiments reveal a positive relation between the “low p and low q” pattern and high scientific impact. A sharp citation peak produced by rapid change of citation counts, however, has a negative effect on future impact. In addition, we have suggested a simple indicator, saturation level, to roughly estimate an individual article's current stage in the life cycle and its potential to attract future attention. The proposed approach can also be extended to higher levels of aggregation (e.g., individual scientists, journals, institutions), providing further insights into the practice of scientific evaluation.
Lanthanide(III) (Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy) Complexes Derived from 4‐(Pyridin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole: Crystal Structure, Magnetic Properties, and Photoluminescence
Authors: Bazhina Evgeniya S. , Bovkunova Anna A. , Medved'ko Alexey V. , Varaksina Evgeniya A. , Taidakov Ilya V. , Efimov Nikolay N. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: May 2018

The reaction of lanthanide(III) nitrates with 4‐(pyridin‐2‐yl)methyleneamino‐1,2,4‐triazole (L) was studied. The compounds [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3]⋅2 L, in which Ln=Eu (1), Gd (2), Tb (3), or Dy (4), obtained in a mixture of MeCN/EtOH have the same structure, as shown by XRD. In the crystals of these compounds, the mononuclear complex units [Ln(NO3)3(H2O)3] are linked to L molecules through intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interactions to form a 2D polymeric supramolecular architecture. An investigation into the optical characteristics of the Eu3+‐, Tb3+‐, and Dy3+‐containing compounds (1, 3, and 4) showed that these complexes displayed metal‐centered luminescence. According to magnetic measurements, compound 4 exhibits single‐ion magnet behavior, with ΔEeff/kB=86 K in a field of 1500 Oe.
Role of Polyvinylpyrrolidone in Dissolving Microneedle for Efficient Transdermal Drug Delivery: In vitro and Clinical Studies
Authors: Shim Woo Sun , Hwang Young Min , Park Sun Gyoo , Lee Cheon Koo , Kang Nae Gyu
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this study is to find an optimum composition of microneedles that penetrate the skin and rapidly dissolve within the cutaneous layer in a few minutes. A micromolding method was introduced to prepare drug‐loaded dissolving microneedles by using biocompatible, water‐soluble polymers such as carboxymethylcellulose, hyaluronic acid, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). The microneedles had a sharp structure with a needle tip of about 5 μm. The microneedles penetrated into the skin with 90% skin penetration rate, and they were dissolved within minutes to release the drug. An increase in the content of PVP in the microneedle increased the dissolution rate of the microneedles in the skin and the needle strength to penetrate the skin, and resulted in an increased skin permeation of the drug. The drug‐loaded microneedles were applied to the wrinkles shown around the eyes (crow's feet) of female subjects for 8 weeks, and we observed statistically significant disappearance of wrinkle after 4 weeks. The newly developed dissolving needles showed efficient drug delivery and can be considered a valuable, high‐functioning, potential wrinkle improving treatment.
At‐Line Raman Spectroscopy Determination of Tablet Mass Gains during the Tablet Coating Process
Authors: Kim Jaejin , Lim Young‐Il , Han Janghee , Woo Young‐Ah
Published: May 2018

The coating process in the manufacturing of solid dosage forms is important for optimizing therapeutic efficacy because the coating is vital for controlling the drug release rate. The coating is most commonly applied by spraying a solution containing the coating material to form a film. In this study, core tablet samples were collected at regular intervals from four batches made using a scale‐up manufacturing coating process, and the Raman spectra were obtained to determine the mass increase of the coated tablets. To acquire the spectra, a wide area illumination scheme was used to sample a large area (28.3 mm2) with a 785‐nm laser. Additionally, we established a calibration model using the Raman spectra of three tablet batches and verified the accuracy of the model by predicting the tablet weights of a fourth batch. All spectra were preprocessed with baseline correction and normalization. The spectral range was 1700 to 300 cm−1, and partial least squares analysis was performed to establish a model with full cross‐validation. The accuracy was assessed by comparing the difference between the predicted weights using the model and that measured on an analytical balance, which was the reference test method. Standard error of cross‐validation (SECV) values and standard error of prediction (SEP) values for the fourth batch were 0.0023 and 0.0020 g, respectively, showing high accuracy. We established four optimal models that encompassed all combinations of different batches in a workplace environment and verified them by predicting each of the remaining batches.
Metabolic alterations in triptolide‐induced acute hepatotoxicity
Authors: Zhao Jie , Xie Cen , Mu Xiyan , Krausz Kristopher W. , Patel Daxesh P. , Shi Xiaowei , Gao Xiaoxia , Wang Qiao , Gonzalez Frank J.
Published: May 2018

Triptolide, a major active constitute of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F, is prescribed for the treatment of autoimmune diseases in China. One of its most severe adverse effects observed in the clinical use is hepatotoxicity, but the mechanism is still unknown. Therefore, the present study applied an LC/MS‐based metabolomic analysis to characterize the metabolomic changes in serum and liver induced by triptolide in mice. Mice were administered triptolide by gavage to establish the acute liver injury model, and serum biochemical and liver histological analyses were applied to assess the degree of toxicity. Multivariate data analyses were performed to investigate the metabolic alterations. Potential metabolites were identified using variable importance in the projection values and Student's t‐test. A total of 30 metabolites were observed that were significantly changed by triptolide treatment and the abundance of 29 metabolites was correlated with the severity of toxicity. Pathway analysis indicated that the mechanism of triptolide‐induced hepatotoxicity was related to alterations in multiple metabolic pathways, including glutathione metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle, purine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, taurine and hypotaurine metabolism, pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis, pyrimidine metabolism and amino acid metabolism. The current study provides new mechanistic insights into the metabolic alterations that lead to triptolide‐induced hepatotoxicity.
Simultaneous determination of tapentadol and its carbamate prodrug in rat plasma by UPLC‐MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Liu Cuiru , Li Yingchao , Yang Rujie , Zhang Shuqi , Zhao Longshan , Zhang Tianhong
Published: May 2018

A prodrug of tapentadol, namely tapentadol carbamate (WWJ01), was synthesized to improve the bioavailability of tapentadol owing to its extensive first‐pass metabolism. In this study, a highly rapid and sensitive UPLC‐MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of tapentadol and WWJ01 in rat plasma with fluconazole as an internal standard. The analytes and internal standard were treated by methanol and then separated on a Phenomenex Kinetex® XB‐C18 (2.1 × 50 mm × 2.6 μm) column at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The mobile phase comprised methanol and water with a gradient elution. The mass transition ion‐pairs were m/z 222.2 → 107.0, m/z 293.2 → 71.9 and m/z 307.1 → 220.0 for tapentadol, WWJ01 and IS, respectively. Excellent linearity was observed over the concentration range of 2–1250 ng/mL (r = 0.995) with a lower limit of quantification of 2 ng/mL for both tapentadol and WWJ01. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision for all quality control samples were within ±15%. The validated method was accurate, rapid and reproducible, and was successfully applied to a pharmacokinetic study of tapentadol and WWJ01.
Rolapitant for the prevention of nausea in patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy
Authors: Navari Rudolph M. , Rapoport Bernardo L. , Powers Dan , Arora Sujata , Clark‐Snow Rebecca
Published: May 2018

Most patients receiving highly or moderately emetogenic chemotherapy experience chemotherapy‐induced nausea and vomiting without antiemetic prophylaxis. While neurokinin‐1 receptor antagonists (NK‐1RAs) effectively prevent emesis, their ability to prevent nausea has not been established. We evaluated the efficacy of the long‐acting NK‐1RA rolapitant in preventing chemotherapy‐induced nausea using post hoc analyses of data from 3 phase 3 trials. Patients were randomized to receive 180 mg oral rolapitant or placebo approximately 1‐2 hours before chemotherapy in combination with a 5‐hydroxytryptamine type 3 RA and dexamethasone. Nausea was assessed by visual analog scale during the acute (≤24 hours), delayed (>24‐120 hours), and overall (0‐120 hours) phases. Post hoc analyses by treatment group (rolapitant vs control) were performed on pooled data within patient subgroups receiving cisplatin‐based, carboplatin‐based, or anthracycline/cyclophosphamide (AC)‐based chemotherapy. In the cisplatin‐based chemotherapy group, significantly more patients receiving rolapitant than control reported no nausea (NN) in the overall (52.3% vs 41.7% [P < .001]; absolute benefit [AB] = 10.6%), delayed (55.7% vs 44.3% [P < .001]; AB = 11.4%), and acute (70.5% vs 64.3% [P = .030]; AB = 6.2%) phases. Similar results were observed in the carboplatin‐based chemotherapy group, with significantly more patients receiving rolapitant than control reporting NN in the overall (62.5% vs 51.2% [P = .023]; AB = 11.3%) and delayed (64.1% vs 53.6% [P = .034]; AB = 10.5%) phases. In the AC‐based chemotherapy group, patients receiving rolapitant or control reported similar NN rates during the overall and delayed phases. Rolapitant effectively prevents nausea during the overall and delayed phases in patients receiving cisplatin‐ or carboplatin‐based chemotherapy.
New Insights into the Glycosylation Steps in the Biosynthesis of Sch47554 and Sch47555
Authors: Fidan Ozkan , Yan Riming , Gladstone Gabrielle , Zhou Tong , Zhu Du , Zhan Jixun
Published: May 2018

Sch47554 and Sch47555 are antifungal compounds fromStreptomycessp. SCC‐2136. The availability of the biosynthetic gene cluster made it possible to track genes that encode biosynthetic enzymes responsible for the structural features of these two angucyclines. Sugar moieties play important roles in the biological activities of many natural products. An investigation into glycosyltransferases (GTs) might potentially help to diversify pharmaceutically significant drugs through combinatorial biosynthesis. Sequence analysis indicates that SchS7 is a putative C‐GT, whereas SchS9 and SchS10 are proposed to be O‐GTs. In this study, the roles of these three GTs in the biosynthesis of Sch47554 and Sch47555 are characterized. Coexpression of the aglycone and sugar biosynthetic genes withschS7inStreptomyces lividansK4 resulted in the production of C‐glycosylated rabelomycin, which revealed that SchS7 attached ad‐amicetose moiety to the aglycone core structure at the C‐9 position. Gene inactivation studies revealed that subsequent glycosylation steps took place in a sequential manner, in which SchS9 first attached either anl‐aculose orl‐amicetose moiety to 4′‐OH of the C‐glycosylated aglycone, then SchS10 transferred anl‐aculose moiety to 3‐OH of the angucycline core.
Peptide Nucleic Acid Conjugated with Ruthenium‐Complex Stabilizing Double‐Duplex Invasion Complex Even under Physiological Conditions
Authors: Hibino Masaki , Aiba Yuichiro , Watanabe Yoshihito , Shoji Osami
Published: May 2018

Peptide nucleic acid (PNA) can form a stable duplex with DNA, and, accordingly, directly recognize double‐stranded DNA through the formation of a double‐duplex invasion complex, wherein a pair of complementary PNA strands form two PNA/DNA duplexes. Because invasion does not require prior denaturation of DNA, PNA holds great potential for in cellulo or in vivo applications. To broaden the applicability of PNA invasion, we developed a new conjugate of PNA with a ruthenium complex. This Ru–PNA conjugate exhibits higher DNA‐binding affinity, which results in enhanced invasion efficiency, even under physiological conditions.
Auroramycin: A Potent Antibiotic from Streptomyces roseosporus by CRISPR‐Cas9 Activation
Authors: Lim Yee Hwee , Wong Fong Tian , Yeo Wan Lin , Ching Kuan Chieh , Lim Yi Wee , Heng Elena , Chen Shuwen , Tsai De‐Juin , Lauderdale Tsai‐Ling , Shia Kak‐Shan , Ho Ying Swan , Hoon Shawn , Ang Ee Lui , Zhang Mingzi M. , Zhao Huimin
Published: May 2018

Silent biosynthetic gene clusters represent a potentially rich source of new bioactive compounds. We report the discovery, characterization, and biosynthesis of a novel doubly glycosylated 24‐membered polyene macrolactam from a silent biosynthetic gene cluster in Streptomyces roseosporus by using the CRISPR‐Cas9 gene cluster activation strategy. Structural characterization of this polyketide, named auroramycin, revealed a rare isobutyrylmalonyl extender unit and a unique pair of amino sugars. Relative and absolute stereochemistry were determined by using a combination of spectroscopic analyses, chemical derivatization, and computational analysis. The activated gene cluster for auroramycin production was also verified by transcriptional analyses and gene deletions. Finally, auroramycin exhibited potent anti‐methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (anti‐MRSA) activity towards clinical drug‐resistant isolates.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Blennolide H and Phomopsis‐H76 A and Determination of Their Structure
Authors: Valdomir Guillermo , Senthilkumar Soundararasu , Ganapathy Dhandapany , Zhang Yun , Tietze Lutz F.
Published: May 2018

This work reports on the enantioselective total synthesis of the two dimeric natural chromanone lactones phomopsis‐H76 A (5) and blennolide H (6). Both syntheses could be achieved from chromane 11, which was obtained by an enantioselective Wacker‐type cyclization with >99 % ee. The dimerization of the corresponding monomers was performed using a palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki reaction. Moreover, within this work it was possible to revise the absolute configuration of phomopsis‐H76 A and determine the relative as well as absolute configuration of blennolide H.
Acyl Radicals from Terminal Alkynes: Photoredox‐Catalyzed Acylation of Heteroarenes
Authors: Sultan Shaista , Rizvi Masood Ahmad , Kumar Jaswant , Shah Bhahwal Ali
Published: May 2018

A photoredox‐mediated acylation reaction of electron deficient heteroarenes with terminal alkynes is reported. The method relies on oxidative cleavage of phenylacetylenes for generation of acyl radicals as a key enabling feature. The reaction is regioselective with broad substrate scope. Quantum yield investigations support a radical chain mechanism.
Direct Synthesis of Polymer Vesicles on the Hundred‐Nanometer‐and‐Beyond Scale Using Chemical Oscillations
Authors: Bastakoti Bishnu Prasad , Guragain Sudhina , Perez‐Mercader Juan
Published: May 2018

The direct synthesis of block copolymer vesicles on the scale of tens to hundreds of nanometers using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) dispersion polymerization as an effect of chemical oscillations is reported. RAFT polymerization is successfully accomplished between polyethylene glycol containing a RAFT agent (PEG‐CTA) and ethyl acrylate monomer in the presence of the Belousov–Zhabotinsky (B‐Z) reaction in oscillatory mode. The self‐assembly of poly(ethylene glycol)‐b‐poly(ethyl acrylate) unimers gives rise to spherical micelles. The self‐assembled micelles reorganize and transform to vesicles. All the chemistry of polymerization, self‐assembly and self‐organization, of macromolecules takes place in a single pot using only a few simple raw materials in aqueous solution.
VEGFR Recognition Interface of a Proangiogenic VEGF‐Mimetic Peptide Determined In Vitro and in the Presence of Endothelial Cells by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Di Stasi Rossella , Diana Donatella , Capasso Domenica , Di Gaetano Sonia , De Rosa Lucia , Celentano Veronica , Isernia Carla , Fattorusso Roberto , D'Andrea Luca D.
Published: May 2018

QK peptide is a vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐mimetic molecule with significant proangiogenic activity. In particular, QK is able to bind and activate VEGF receptors (VEGFRs) to stimulate a functional response in endothelial cells. To characterize the peptide bioactivity and its molecular recognition properties, a detailed picture of the interaction between peptide QK and VEGF receptors is reported. By combining NMR spectroscopy studies in solution on the purified receptor and in the presence of intact endothelial cells, a molecular description of the binding interaction between peptide QK and VEGFR2 in the cellular context is obtained. These results reveal useful insights into the peptide biological mechanism, which opens the way to further optimization of this class of VEGF‐mimicking peptides.
Spülmaschinentabs
Authors: Ruppersberg Klaus , Proske Wolfgang
Published: May 2018

Spülmaschinentabs gibt es in zahlreichen Varianten und in jedem Drogerie‐ oder Supermarkt zu kaufen, aber wer hat dieses hochkomplizierte Alltagsprodukt schon einmal genauer untersucht? Da das Produkt alkalisch ist, ist Vorsicht geboten, aber wie der Artikel zeigt, ergeben sich hochmotivierende Fragen und Erkenntnisse, die eine feste Verankerung im Alltag haben und für den kontextorientierten naturwissenschaftlichen Experimentalunterricht reichen Gewinn abwerfen.
Visualization of fluid simulation: An SPH‐based multi‐resolution method
Authors: Zhang Guijuan , Lu Dianjie , Liu Hong
Published: May 2018

Fluid simulation is an important research topic since it is widely used in virtual training, education, computer games, and digital entertainment. Generating fluid simulation results with high degree of visual realism is challenging in these applications. We present a visualization approach for fluid simulation in this paper. Our method allows students to understand the complex natural phenomena so as to solve the fluid engineering problems intuitively. In this study, an SPH (Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics)‐based multi‐resolution method is proposed for fluid simulation. The method can keep the accuracy while improve the efficiency significantly. We construct a multi‐resolution fluid model from bottom to top by combining fluid computation and surface reconstruction. We first compute multi‐resolution particles with a novel adaptive SPH model in the bottom layer. Next, surface particles are extracted and pre‐processed to provide samples for surface extraction. Then, the multi‐resolution surface reconstruction model is built in the top layer. Meshes from different reconstruction resolutions are merged to obtain the final fluid surface. Experimental results show that our approach can effectively represent multi‐scale fluid details and efficiently produce visual‐pleasing fluid simulation results.
How to deal with QoS value constraints in MCDM based Web service selection
Authors: Serrai Walid , Abdelli Abdelkrim , Mokdad Lynda , Serrai Ashref
Published: May 2018

The aim of the current research is to develop a more accurate Web service selection approach that can deal with value constraints on QoS criteria in the user request. The purpose is to be able to promote services even when all the value constraints are not satisfied and hence rank them according to their closeness to meet the latter. For this effect, we use MCDM (Multi Criteria Decision making) methods together with suitable normalization techniques at different stages of the process. First of all, we consider an extension of the AHP method to compute and normalize the weights associated with the QoS criteria considered in the Web service selection. Second, we introduce a more consistent normalization technique, called OMRI, to normalize data according to value constraints. Third, we propose to extend different ranking MCDM methods to the OMRI normalization so that it becomes possible for them to cope with value constraints. The considered methods are SAW, TOPSIS, VIKOR, and WPM. To compare the accuracy of the extended ranking methods, we use the Borda compromise solution together with different similarity ratios. To validate the solution, several experiments have been conducted on a real dataset as well as on an artificial one.