bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE RELATIONSHIP OF ABILITY TO OVERCOME PSYCHOLOGICAL BARRIERS OF EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES AND LEVEL OF HARDINESS AMONG STUDENTS
Authors: Гарданова Жанна Робертовна , Манина Валерия Алексеевна
Published: April 2021

Приводятся результаты теоретического анализа и экспериментального исследования проблемы взаимосвязи уровня жизнестойкости и способности к преодолению психологических барьеров, возникающих в процессе учебной деятельности у студентов. Проведенный анализ включает в себя работы как отечественных, так и зарубежных исследователей С. Мадди, Д.А. Леонтьева, М.А. Одинцовой и др. Эмпирическое исследование проведено в два этапа, с применением методик оценки уровня жизнестойкости и выраженности психологических барьеров учебной деятельности, выборка исследования составила 60 человек. Статистический анализ показал значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи, которые свидетельствуют о влиянии на способность к преодолению психологических барьеров учебной деятельности таких показателей жизнестойкости, как вовлеченность, контроль, принятие риска и жизнестойкость. Данное исследование позволяет сделать вывод о влиянии уровня жизнестойкости, а также его отдельных показателей на способность студентов к преодолению психологических барьеров учебной деятельности. Результаты исследования могут быть использованы для совершенствования работы психологической службы вузы.

Provides results of theoretical analysis and experimental research of the problem of the relationship between the level of resilience and the ability to overcome psychological barriers of educational activities among students. In the theoretical analysis, hardiness is considered within the compass of the study of coping behavior, in particular overcoming psychological barriers of educational activities. The analysis carried out includes the works of both domestic and foreign researchers S. Maddi, D.A. Leontyev, M.A. Odintsova et al. The empirical study of the problem of the relationship between the level of hardiness and the ability to overcome psychological barriers among students was carried out in two stages, using methods for assessing the level of hardiness and the intensity of psychological barriers of educational activities, the study sample consisted of 60 people. Statistical analysis showed significant correlations, which indicate the influence of such indicators of hardiness as involvement, control, risk acceptance and hardiness on the ability to overcome psychological barriers of educational activities among students. This study allows to conclude about the impact of the level of hardiness on the ability of students to overcome psychological barriers. The research results can be used to improve the psychological service of universities.
ASSESSMENT OF LEARNING OUTCOMES IN A MULTIMEDIA EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Гризовская Дарья Викторовна , Хохлова Ольга Николаевна
Published: April 2021

Рассматривается проблема повышения качества образовательного процесса. Разработана методика количественной и качественной оценки освоения модулей мультимедийного учебного комплекса на примере предмета «История», 5 класс. Адаптированы основные элементы концепции «менеджмента знаний» для оценки результатов обучения школьников на примере цифровой образовательной платформы. Предложены подходы к количественному и качественному измерению предметных компетенций и soft skills.

Is devoted to the problem of improving the quality of the educational process. The methodology of quantitative and qualitative assessment of the development of modules of the multimedia educational complex on the example of the subject«History», 5th grade is developed. The main elements of the concept of «knowledge management» are adapted to evaluate the results of school students' learning on the example of a digital educational platform. Approaches to the quantitative and qualitative measurement of subject competencies and soft skills are proposed.
MODERN APPROACHES TO THE DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTRONIC TEXTBOOKS
Authors: Зарубина Вера Сергеевна
Published: April 2021

Охарактеризовано возникновение и развитие подходов к проектированию и разработке электронных учебников. Представлена типология подходов проектирования электронного учебника: формосодержательные, целевые, технологические, ориентированные на пользователя. Посредством теоретического анализа выявлены основные взаимосвязанные дидактические основания проектирования электронного учебника.

The article describes the emergence and development of approaches to the design of electronic tutorials. The typology of approaches to designing an electronic tutorials is presented: form-based, goal-oriented, technological, and user-oriented. Through theoretical analysis, the main interrelated didactic bases of designing an electronic tutorial are identified.
Exploring Metaphor Use: Its Categories and Translation Strategies within the Novel Anak Bajang Menggiring Angin by Sindhunata into Herding the Wind by Joan Suyenaga
Authors: Maghfiroh Ani
Published: April 2021

This research explores the use of metaphor categories and its translation strategies using the theory of Newmark (1988). The qualitative method was employed since the data were in the form of verbal data derived from novels. In the stage of collecting the data, an observational method followed by note-taking technique was applied. As indicated in the section of results and discussion, 151 data were considered to be metaphor in the ST whilst 90 data belong to TT and 61 other data were converted into other forms (simile, sense, and even deletion). Of six metaphor categories, four categories emerged in the texts whereas two out of them (Adapted and Recent metaphor) were not used. The metaphor category most dominantly used in both texts is dead metaphor with 111 data (11,2 %) in the ST and 70 data (7,8 %) in the TT whilst the strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor’ dominates over other strategies (81 data, 53,6 %). Meanwhile, the least strategy employed was ‘metaphor to simile with sense’ and strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor plus sense’ is disregarded. In addition, as the metaphor translation strategies were bound to the metaphor categories, the result poses that dead metaphor is the category translated by using the strategy ‘metaphor to metaphor’ in most frequency.
Physical fitness performance, playing position and competitive level attained by elite junior soccer players
Authors: Los Arcos Asier , Gonzalez-Artetxe Asier
Published: April 2021

The
aim of this study was to
look into the alleged impact of the physical fitness performance of elite junior soccer players on the professional career according to playing position. The
physical tests (sprint test, countermovement jump [CMJ], and maximal aerobic
speed [MAS]) performed by 165 players enrolled in the junior team of a Spanish 1st
Division club (1998-2010) were evaluated. Players were classified as those who
were promoted to the reserve team (Reserve Team) and those who were not
(non-Reserve Team), and as those who were promoted to the Spanish 1st/2nd
Divisions (PFL) and those who were not (NPFL) until the 2020-2021 season. Overall, no significant differences (p>.05) were
found between the Reserve
Team and non-Reserve Team or between the PFL and NPFL players in neuromuscular
performance. Aerobic fitness was greater (p<.05; ES = .79 ± .60 , moderate;
mean difference = 3.0%) for the Reserve Team lateral
midﬁelders in comparison to
that for the non-Reserve
Team. The results suggest that the impact of physical fitness on the promotion of
elite junior soccer players is limited.
Study of Welded Joint Metal Structure under Pulsed Impact on Arc Discharge
Authors: Burdakov S. M. , Damaskina M. B. , Zheletskiy D. I.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the results of an experimental study of the effect of an additional pulse-quasi-harmonic voltage with a frequency of 40 kHz on the structure of welded joints, the technological properties of a DC arc discharge in manual arc welding with covered electrodes. Obtaining a fine-grained structure of a welded joint is one of the conditions for increasing its technological and strength properties, and the operational reliability of the manufactured product as a whole.
Role of Amino Acid Arginine for Broiler Production: A Review
Authors:   Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
Published: April 2021

Amino acids are known as anabolic factors that are essential for formation of muscle by stimulating protein synthesis while inhibiting proteolysis, and they are significant component for the synthesis of various nitrogenous compounds. There are 20 amino acids are essential to require in cell for formation of body protein of which about 10 amino acids, which cannot be synthesized by the birds are termed essential. Among the essential amino acid arginine one of the essential amino acids for chickens because, like other birds, they are unable to obtain Arginine from endogenous sources due to the absence of most of the enzymes involved in the urea cycle. This amino acid involved in synthesis of proline, hydroxyl proline and polyamines which are essential for connective tissue synthesis as well as increased growth of chicken. Moreover, L-arginine (L-Arg) is effective for reducing fat deposition in broiler. Moreover, it decrease heat stress increase meat quality and increase immune response of broiler. This re-view presents the recent advances in the relevance of the inclusion of excess L-Arginine in broiler ration to growth, fat deposition and immune response in broiler.
Conversion of Rice Straw into Methane Gas using Zeolites
Authors:   Chiba University
Published: April 2021

In Japan, there is a large amount of biomass waste from agriculture to be used as resources. In this study, we examined the conversion of rice straw into methane gas by thermal decomposition using zeolite catalysts. Four types of zeolites, NaA, NaX, NaY and HY, with different properties, crystal structure, exchangeable cation and Si/Al ratio were used as catalysts. The mixture of rice straw and zeolite was added into the reactor, and the reactor was heated 400 oC for 1 h in nitrogen atmosphere. The amount and composition of the gas generated during the heating, and the weight of residue were examined. The results show the conversion of rice straw into methane gas can be improved using zeolites, and faujasite zeolites having Na cation, NaX and NaY, could convert rice straw into the largest amount of methane gas in this experiment. With increasing the heating temperature, production of methane gas promotes due to the promotion of decomposition reaction. The valuable gas including methane can be obtained from rice straw by heating at higher than 600 oC for 30 min with NaY addition of same weight to rice straw.
Lean Six Sigma methods and tools in ISO 9001:2015 management systems
Authors:   Lusófona University of Technologies and Humanities, Portugal
Published: April 2021

Many certified ISO 9001 companies are adopting continuous improvement systems based on Lean and Six Sigma principles. Objective: this paper aims to illustrate how Lean and Six Sigma principles, methodologies and tools can be adopted within a quality management system based on the ISO 9001:2015 standard. Results: a new Lean Six Sigma and ISO 9001:2015 integration model is proposed with the explanation of how a wide set of Lean and Six Sigma tools and methods can be applied in different clauses of requirements of the standard. Conclusion: the proposed model contributes to increase the ability to combine a quality management system based on ISO 9001:2015 with a Lean Six Sigma improvement program into a single and integrated management system, thus improving overall efficiency.
Numerical Analysis of Supercontinuum Generated Microstructured Optical Fiber with all Normal Chromatic Dispersion
Authors:   Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei
Published: April 2021

A micro-structured photonic crystal fiber (M-PCF) with all normal chromatic dispersion has been proposed for supercontinuum spectrum generation which is applicable in optical transmission and optical coherence tomography applications. Calculations of its different properties using finite difference method have shown that the proposed M-PCF has a high nonlinear coefficients at 1.06 μm, 1.30 μm and 1.55 μm wavelength with flattened chromatic dispersion, low confinement losses and broad supercontinuum spectrum. Moreover, it has been shown that the proposed design obtain high power and short fiber length at 1.06 μm, 1.30 and 1.55 μm center wavelengths by propagating sech2 picosecond optical pulses with 1.0 ps pulse width at a full width at half maximum.
Three Sticks Wines: Digital Marketing, Branding, and Hospitality During a Crisis
Authors: Coyne Matthew
Published: April 2021

This study examines a luxury winery located in Sonoma County, Three Sticks Wines, as it navigated a novel crisis-laden market created by the Covid-19 pandemic. The drastic effects on the industry as a whole and those specific to the premium segment are explored. Strategy to mitigate business displacement is analyzed and developed by the author to present a multi-faceted augmentation of marketing tactics. Areas of focus include digital marketing, co-branding, co-promoting, vineyards as marketing entities and wholesale allocation strategy. The case draws from leading academic research in strategy, consumer behavior, and digital marketing. A conclusion is reached that the winery should consider the range of tactics individually or jointly to maximize its marketing effort commensurate to business needs and shifting market conditions.
Self-Reported Symptoms of Cannabis Use Disorder (SRSCUD): Psychometric Testing and Validation
Authors: Sotelo Melissa , Richards Dylan , Pearson Matthew , Study Team Protective Strategies
Published: April 2021

Findings from national surveys demonstrate that cannabis use peaks in young adulthood and that the annual prevalence of marijuana use among young adults (34.0%) is the highest it has been in decades (Johnston et al., 2016). We developed a 13 item measure designed to characterize the 11 symptoms of CUD as described in the DSM 5 (APA, 2013). To evaluate the performance of this Self Reported Symptoms of Cannabis Use Disorder (SRSCUD) measure, we examined its associations with other measures of CUD symptoms, negative cannabis related consequences, and other known risk factors for CUD (i.e., coping motives). Colleges students (n =7000) recruited from 9 universities in 9 states throughout the U.S. Our analyses focus on past month cannabis users (n = 2077). We split our sample in half to conduct exploratory factor analysis (EFA,n = 1011) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA, n = 1012). All items loaded saliently on a single factor of CUD symptoms in both EFA (.553 = λ = 805) and CFA models (.524 = λ = 830) (see Table 1). In our final model, we allowed correlated errors between the two indicators of tolerance (items 10 and 11) and the two indicators of withdrawal (items 12 and 13), and obtained acceptable model fit across most indices: CFI = .941, TLI = .927, RMSEA = .059, SRMR = .042. As shown in Table 2, the total score of the SRSCUD was strongly correlated with other CUD symptoms measures (.617 < r s < .697), demonstrating convergent validity. SRSCUD was moderately positively correlated with a well known risk factor for CUD (coping motives) and moderately negative correlated with a well known protective (cannabis protective behavioral strategies). We conducted receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve analyses to identify well how our continuous measure of CUD symptoms could identify individuals who exceed the cutoffs for probable CUD on these other symptom measures. For the most well validated measure (CUDIT R), we had excellent sensitivity/specificity (mean score of 1.5 on SRSCUD) for predicting probable CUD. Although more research evaluating performance of the SRSCUD compared to a clinical diagnosis is needed, we have preliminary evidence for construct validity of this measure.
An Interactive Personalized Feedback and Text-Messaging Intervention is Associated with Reductions in Substance-Impaired Driving
Authors: King Shelby , Hubbard Sterling , Teeters Jenni
Published: April 2021

Background: Substance-impaired driving continues to be a national public health concern and data suggests that up to one-third of college students report driving after drinking and/or cannabis use in the past year. To date, little research has investigated whether brief, technology-based interventions can be used to reduce substance-impaired driving among young adults. Recent research indicates that interventions that incorporate personal contact lead to larger effect sizes than fully automated interventions. The present study compared an interactive text-messaging intervention to an automated text-messaging intervention in the context of a brief, mobile-phone based substance-impaired driving intervention. Method: Participants were recruited through the university’s subject pool (n = 46) and completed measures that assessed impaired driving at baseline and three-month follow-up. In order to be eligible, students had to be at least 18 years or older, have access to a motor vehicle, and report driving after drinking two or more drinks and/or driving after cannabis use at least three times in the past three months. Participants were randomly assigned into four conditions: personalized feedback plus text-messaging (n = 12), personalized feedback plus automated text messaging (n = 11), an active control condition- (substance use information, n = 12), and an assessment only control condition (n = 11). Results: Repeated measures ANOVAs were run to compare the number of times driving while impaired over time across conditions. Analyses revealed the personalized feedback plus text-messaging led to significantly greater reductions over time in the number of times driving while impaired compared to participants in the assessment-only condition (p = .022). Additionally, participants in the personalized feedback plus text-messaging condition reported a greater reduction over time in the number of times driving while impaired than those in the personalized feedback plus automated text messaging condition, though this difference was not significantly significant (p = .066). Surprisingly, the text-messaging conditions did not result in significantly greater reductions in substance-impaired driving compared to the active control condition (p = .227). Discussion: Overall, these findings provide preliminary support for the short-term efficacy of a mobile-delivered personalized feedback intervention with interactive text-messaging in reducing substance-impaired driving among young adults. Due to Covid-19, three-month follow-up data could not be collected from half of the originally enrolled sample, resulting in underpowered analyses. Additional data will be collected as part of this pilot trial in the coming year.
Hair Regrowth with Cannabidiol (CBD)-rich Hemp Extract – A Case Series
Authors: Smith Gregory , Satino John
Published: April 2021

Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is the most common cause of hair loss. Several FDA approved medications are available but offer limited results. Studies have shown that the endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a key player in hair follicle cell growth. The ECS cannabinoid type one (CB1) receptors are well expressed in the hair follicle cells. Cannabidiol CBD is a negative allosteric modulator of the CB1 receptor and has been shown to result in hair shaft elongation. In addition, the hair follicle cycle phases are controlled by the ECS vanilloid receptor-1 (TRPV1). CBD has also been shown to increase Wnt signaling pathways that are involved in the differentiation of dermal progenitor cells into new hair follicles and maintaining the anagen phase of the hair cycle. The effects of CBD on hair growth are dose dependent and higher doses may result in premature entry into the catagen phase via a receptor known as vanilloid receptor-4 (TRPV4). Topical application of CBD reaches hair follicles where it is a CB1 negative modulator, and TRPV1, and TRPV4 agonist. A study was done of 35 subjects with AGA using a once daily topical hemp oil formulation, averaging about 3-4 mg per day of CBD and minimal amounts of other cannabinoids for six months. A hair count of the greatest area of alopecia was carried out before treatment and again after six months. The results revealed that men did slightly better than women, and the vertex area did better than the temporal areas. On average there was statistically significant 93.5% increase in hair after 6 months. All subjects had some regrowth. There were no reported adverse effects. Since the CBD works through novel mechanisms different from finasteride and minoxidil it can be used in conjunction with these current drugs and would be expected to have synergistic effects.
Источники знания о географии российской империи как основа геополитических представлений Ф.М. Достоевского
Authors: Михновец Мария Владимировна
Published: April 2021

Статья посвящена изучению источников знания Достоевского о географии Российской империи в докаторжный период жизни. Исследование выполнено в рамках историко-литературного подхода с привлечением методов геополитических исследований. В статье проанализированы пособия по географии, по которым учился молодой Достоевский; проведены параллели между их содержанием и геополитическими воззрениями писателя в 1860–1870-е гг., а также показана роль житийной литературы и журнала «Отечественные записки» в формировании геополитической картины мира Достоевского.
PENGUATAN PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KREATIF AGUNG HANDYCRAFT DESA KLEPU KECAMATAN CEPER KABUPATEN KLATEN
Authors: Kholis Nur , Mutmainah Hestin , Kusasih Ida Ayu Kade Rachmawati
Published: April 2021

Covid-19 has a big impact on all groups, from the government to MSMEs. The smaller the opportunity to work, eventually many people have to rethink to pay for their lives. During this time of pandemic, home businesses are growing rapidly, one of which is Mr. Agung Santoso who is a Handycraft craftsman. n implementing the Tri Dharma and having a vision and mission, Surakarta's high school of economics always provides assistance to MSME craftsmen around Solo Raya in improving the creative economy. Introduction to entrepreneurship, e-marketing and introduction to management and finance which are the main targets in the development of the Agung Handycraft business.
PENDAMPINGAN PROSES PEMBELAJARAN LURING SISWA MADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH MELALUI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SCIENTIFIC LEARNING DESA KARANGSARI BANYUWANGI PADA ERA COVID-19
Authors: Muttaqin Ahmad Izza , Fauzi Anis , Muftiyah Al , Velia Tamara Bunga
Published: April 2021

Learning is a process of interaction between students, educators and learning resources and evaluation to achieve the learning process. Community service is realized in the form of mentoring student learning processes from home. Offline learning is a form of learning that is not at all connected to the internet. Offline learning is the opposite of darling learning. Meanwhile, Scientific learning is an approach used in learning with a focus on the use of scientific methods in the learning process. The subject is a student of MI Darul Ulum class V and parents of students. Aiming to overcome the problem of student learning at home during the darling Covid-19 period. Some of the program activities undertaken are as follows: a) Offline Learning Process at Home b) Learning Assistance with Scientific Learning Approach.
Pengaruh Dimensi Religiusitas Dan Faktor Sosio-Demografis Terhadap Keputusan Menabung Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Univeristas Mataram Pada Bank Syariah
Authors: Suprapti Ida Ayu Putri , Chaidir Taufiq , Arini Gusti Ayu
Published: April 2021

Menabung merupakan aktivitas yang bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan di masa yang akan datang. Perilaku menabung biasanya didahului dengan adanya keinginan dari orang yang akan menabung. Sebelum seorang individu memutuskan untuk menabung di bank, terlebih dahulu dipertimbangkan apa tujuan dan manfaat dari menabung. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa dimensi religiusitas yang di ukur dengan dimensi keyakinan, keislaman, ikhsan, pengetahuan,dan dimensi konsekuensial, serta faktor sosio-demografis yang di ukur oleh pendapatan, jenis kelamin, usia, danpendidikan berpengaruh terhadap keputusan menabung dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Mataram pada bank syariah. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode sensus terhadap seluruh dosen FEB Unram. Metode estimasi dan pengujian hipotesis menggunakan model analisis jalur Partial Least Squares (PLS).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa  dimensi religiusitas yang diukur oleh dimensi keyakinan, keislaman, Ihsan, pengetahuan, konsekuensi, dan faktor sosialyang di ukur oleh pendapatan dan pendidikantidak terbukti atau tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan menabung. Sedangkan faktor demografis yang di ukur oleh jenis kelamin, dan usiaterbukti atau berpengaruh terhadap keputusan menabung dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Mataram pada bank syariah.Karakteristik individu yakni usia dan pendidikan berkaitan dengan perilaku yang rasional terhadap pengelolaan, dan perencanaan keuangan. Kelompok umur dan pendidikan yang berbeda menunjukkan pola yang berbeda dalam tabungan pribadi mereka, semakin tinggi usia dan pendidikan seseorang cendrung memiliki tingkat tabungan yang lebih tinggi.
The Need for a State System of Scientific and Technical Support for Criminal Procedure
Authors: Volynskii A. F.
Published: April 2021

The article consistently analyzes the features of forensic expert activities’ emergence and development. It also shows the substantive features of these activities, the reasons, and circumstances of the manifestation of interdepartmental contradictions in the approaches to their organization. The author concludes that it is necessary to form a nationwide (supra-departmental) system of scientific and technical support for criminal proceedings, including forensic expert activities and computer forensics.
Building of Knowledge on Standardization of Forensic Expert Activities in Russia
Authors: Chesnokova E. V.
Published: April 2021

Basing on the analysis of historical events and achievements in forensic science, the author proposes a periodization for the building of knowledge on the standardization in forensic activities in Russia. The author also shows that implementation of the standardization in forensic activities and the development of appropriate practical procedures were critically influenced by the isolation of the Soviet system and subsequent stable scientific and practical international contacts; improvement of the regulatory framework of forensic activities, standardization, and technical regulation in the Russian Federation; continuity of the domestic Soviet science and practice in forensic expertise. For a holistic understanding of the functioning of all the tools and mechanisms of standardization at different stages of the evolution of forensic expertise, the author proposes to develop a model of a subtheory of standartization for forensic expert activity and implement it.
Productivity of sorghum crops depending on agrotechnical methods of cultivation in the regions of the Russian Federation (review)
Authors: Kibalnik O. P. , Efremova I. G. , Bochkareva Yu. V. , Prakhov A. V. , Semin D. S.
Published: April 2021

The review considers the unique diversity and versatility of the use of sorghum crops. The dependence of the yield of biomass and grain of varieties and hybrids of sorghum crops on the applied elements of the crop cultivation technology is analyzed: width of row spacing, density of standing plants in different zones of sorghum sowing in the Russian Federation. A variety of soil and climatic conditions of sorghum cultivation regions differ in the temperature regime, the reserves of soil moisture before sowing, the level of soil fertility, which determines the need to select the optimal elements of technology that ensure the achievement of the highest yield of varieties per unit area with the lowest material and technological costs. The analysis of the ways of placing plants on the own area also indicates the significant role of varietal biological features in increasing the sorghum yield, the purpose of sowing, and the level of field contamination. With limited resources of productive moisture for high-yielding sorghum varieties with a powerful habitus, wide-row sowing with row spacing of 70 cm and the density of standing plants 80-350 thousand per 1 ha, depending on the variety. Low-growing early-maturing thin-stemmed forms of grain sorghum should be sown in the usual ordinary row way with a row spacing of 15 or 30 cm with plant density of 500-600 thousand/ha. Sudan grass varieties that can withstand high density of standing plants (depending on agroclimatic conditions – up to 1.0-3.0 million per 1 ha) are cultivated using the technology of spiked cereals. As the result of the literature data analysis, the following trend has been revealed: the drier the growing conditions, the greater the requirements for choosing the optimal parameters of agrotechnical methods of cultivating sorghum crops aimed at the reducing the number of plants per area unit considering the specific character of the region of sorghum sowing.
Assessment of genetic differentiation of populations by analysis of molecular variance (analytical review)
Authors: Kuznetsov V. M.
Published: April 2021

Different approaches to using the analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) to assess the genetic differentiation of populations have been compared in the research. Data on 11 microsatellite loci of 84 bulls of seven breeds were used. The results were compared for three options of the AMOVA module of the GenAlEx 6.502 program: the allele distance matrix (calculated FST(W&C)(=θ) statistics – variant AMOVA1); the genotype distance matrix (ΦPT– AMOVA2); and the allele size difference matrix (RST– AMOVA3). Similar summary estimates of the genetic differentiation of breeds were obtained: FST(W&C)= 0.108, ΦPT= 0.115, RST= 0.110 (all with pperm≤ 0.001). Between the estimates of FST(W&C)and ΦPTfor each locus, the correlation coefficient was 0.99 (pvalue<0.0001); no statistically significant correlations with RSTwere found. A high correlation of FST(W&C)and ΦPTwith the estimates of differentiation according to Nei’s (0.96) was found. Programs other than GenAlEx (Arlequin v.3.5, GenePop v.4.7.3, RST22) gave similar AMOVA estimates. The negative linear dependence of FST(W&C)and ΦPTon the level of the average heterozygosity of the breed samples was established (R2= 0.6, rS= -0.75 for pvalue < 0.02) and the absence of such dependence for RST(R2= 0.04, rS= -0.23 for pvalue= 0.47). The standardization of the FST(W&C)and ΦPTestimates according to Hedrick’s eliminated this dependence and raised the initial estimates to 0.35 and 0.37, respectively. The latter were comparable to the estimates obtained by the Nei-Hedrick’s (0.364-0.375), Jost’s (0.292), and Morisit-Horn’s (0.308) methods. The Mantel correlations between the matrices of paired genetic distances (GD) calculated by different measures were >0.9 in most cases. The projections of the GD matrices in the principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) on the 2D plane were generally similar. The PCoA identified a cluster of Holstein «ecotypes», a cluster of «Red» breeds, and a branch of the Jersey breed. In the two-factor AMOVA of data on clusters (as two «regions»), the interregional GD was 0.357; the differentiation of breeds within the «regions» did not exceed 0.027. Modeling the association of breeds with close to zero GD resulted in an increase in the number of alleles per locus in the «new» breeds by 29 %, and an increase in the combined estimate of genetic differentiation by 29-46 %. The results obtained can be used in the development of measures for the conservation of endangered breeds.
The influence of local climate change on the productivity of spring cereals in the Kirov region
Authors: Lyskova I. V. , Sukhoveeva O. E. , Lyskova T. V.
Published: April 2021

On the basis of long-term meteorological data and research results in a long-term stationary experiment of 1971-2020 a retrospective analysis of changes in air temperature and precipitation in the eastern region of the central climatic zone of the Kirov region was carried out and the influence of these characteristics on the dynamics of the yield of spring cereals was estimated. It has been established that the average annual air temperature during the research period was 2.4±1.0 °C. At the same time, its stable positive trend was observed at the rate of 0.39 °С /10 years. Two decades from 2001 to 2020 were recorded as the warmest for 50 years, when the temperature was 0.7...2.6 °C above climate normal. Selyaninov hydrothermal coefficient (0.7...2.1) testifies to the contrasting conditions of humidification of the vegetation periods during the research years – from drought to excessively humidified. In a long-term experiment, the yield of spring cereals increased in the row wheat – barley – oats: 2.17±0.86, 3.04±0.61, 3.39±0.65 t/ha, respectively. Strong correlations were marked between the average yield (spring wheat) and weather conditions in June: reverse with air temperature (rр = -0.735) and direct with the amount of precipitation (rр = 0.686). It has been established that the use of phosphorus fertilizers (and their aftereffect) in combination with nitrogen-potassium fertilizers weakened the influence of weather conditions on the productivity of spring wheat: the determination coefficients (R2), which reflect the portion of variability due to weather conditions, were 0.59-0.73 for the variant without fertilizers and decreased to 0.50-0.56 when applying NP3K.
Research of the fluid flow regime during the milk pipeline washing
Authors: Mamedova R. A.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the research was to determine the change in the volume of fluid slug moving in the milk pipeline for calculating the initial length of the fluid slug and thus the air slug length. This allows to control the fluid and air inlet valve during circulatory washing of milking equipment with milk line and provides a stable plug flow during washing. The article deals with the problems of formation of a wave flow and plug flow regime in a milk line in dependance to the degree of filling and shear stress on the surface of the phases. As the result, the dependence curves have been obtained. They show that when the degree of filling the milk line with liquid is from 0.4d to 0.6d, the probability of slug formation decreases. To determine the loss of a fluid slug volume moving in a milk line, mathematical calculations with the use of the boundary layer theory have been carried out. As the result, the curves of the time of fluid and air intake into the system depending on the length and diameter of the milk pipeline have been obtained. These engineering calculation methods allow to set the operating parameters of the valves for fluid and air inlet into the system during washing. To calculate the parameters of pipelines with an internal diameter of 48, 63, 70 and 98 mm often used in milking equipment, a Delphi-based program was written. The article provides an example of calculating the time of opening and closing the valve for the inlet of fluid and air during washing for a milk line with 48 mm pipe diameter, 120 m length and pressure in the system of 48 kPa. Experimental studies have confirmed the reliability of the calculations, the loss of the liquid plug length for the milk pipeline Ø50. 8 mm is on average 5 cm per 1 meter of the fluid path.
The Use of Drug Testing in Monitoring the Impaired Medical Professional
Authors: Altchuler Steven I.
Published: April 2021

Drug testing is considered a major part of monitoring medical professionals disciplined by licensing boards. Drug testing can serve two different roles when used by a licensee; the other to help the licensee maintain abstinence. The results of the drug tests themselves can also be confounding. As with all medical tests, a drug test may be accurate or yield a false positive or a false negative. For example, a board may learn from other sources a licensee is using drugs, but a drug test is negative. A licensee may insist they are not using drugs, but a drug test is positive. We discuss the role of drug testing in helping boards and the technical aspects of testing, to help boards decide when to use drug tests and how to interpret them.
KUALITAS PELAYANAN PUBLIK PEMBAYARAN PAJAK KENDARAAN BERMOTOR
Authors: Saputra Bambang Eka , Maksudi Beddy Iriawan , Salbiah Euis
Published: April 2021

Program Samsat Masuk Desa (SAMADES) merupakan inovasi layanan pemungutan pajak kendaraan bermotor dengan cara menjemput ke desa yang selama ini jauh atau tidak terjangkau dari Kantor Samsat Induk dan Samsat Keliling. SAMADES ditempatkan di lokasi-lokasi yang mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat, yakni kantor lurah, desa, camat dan balai pertemuan desa yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat dalam membayar pajak dan mendekatkan pelayanan pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor kepada masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pelayanan publik pembayaran pajak kendaraan bermotor di pelayanan SAMADES Sindang Barang Kota Bogor. Pengukuran kualitas pelayanan didasarkan pada lima dimensi, yaitu tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, dan empathy. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Sampel penelitian adalah sebanyak 53 orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner/angket sebagai instrumen utama pengumpulan data. Pengolahan data dilakukan melalui penghitungan skor rerata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kualitas pelayanan memperoleh skor rerata sebesar 3,98 termasuk kategori baik. Dikaitkan dengan lima dimensi kualitas pelayanan, maka dimensi assurance (jaminan) memperoleh skor rerata sebesar 4,22 termasuk dalam kategori penilaian sangat baik, sedangkan dimensi tangibles (bentuk fisik) memiliki skor rerata terendah sebesar 3,63, walaupun termasuk terendah tetapi memiliki penilaian yang baik dari responden penelitian.
LEVERAGING ASSOCIATION METHOD IN EFL STUDENTS VOCABULARY LEARNING
Authors: Karbala Derin
Published: April 2021

This paper highlighted inspecting the leveraging of association method in showing EFL vocabulary to the students. This investigation used a helpful report corridor action research plan and it was done as cycles containing four huge advances: orchestrating, executing, seeing and reflecting. The subject of the investigation was 35 students in Indonesia. The instruments used to assemble data were test, discernment plans, and field notes. This investigation was done in two cycles considering the way that the delayed consequences of the assessment in the essential cycle didn't meet the guidelines of achievement. All of cycle includes four social events. The revelations of the investigation showed that the applying of methodology in preparing English can fabricate students' vocabulary strength. This is showed up by the students' productive rate in cycle I was 14 (40%), in Cycle II and the amount of the students who got scores at any rate 6.5 or more critical was 26 (74%). Similarly, the students gave positive response toward the discernment plan result, specifically: enthusiasm, motivation, interest, response, and progress. It might be contemplated that the association strategy is effective and material in teaching vocabulary.
生态文明建设
Authors: Liu Li
Published: April 2021

生态文明思想的核心要义 生动实践 取得的成就 存在的问题
Systematic investigation into generalization of COVID-19 CT deep learning models with Gabor ensemble for lung involvement scoring
Authors: Horry Michael J , Chakraborty Subrata , Pradhan Biswajeet , fallahpoor maryam , Hossein Chegeni , Paul Manoranjan
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has inspired unprecedented data collection and computer vision modelling efforts worldwide, focusing on diagnosis and stratification of COVID-19 from medical images. Despite this large-scale research effort, these models have found limited practical application due in part to unproven generalization of these models beyond their source study. This study investigates the generalizability of key published models using the publicly available COVID-19 Computed Tomography data through cross dataset validation. We then assess the predictive ability of these models for COVID-19 severity using an independent new dataset that is stratified for COVID-19 lung involvement. Each inter-dataset study is performed using histogram equalization, and contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization with and without a learning Gabor filter. The study shows high variability in the generalization of models trained on these datasets due to varied sample image provenances and acquisition processes amongst other factors. We show that under certain conditions, an internally consistent dataset can generalize well to an external dataset despite structural differences between these datasets with f1 scores up to 86%. Our best performing model shows high predictive accuracy for lung involvement score for an independent dataset for which expertly labelled lung involvement stratification is available. Creating an ensemble of our best model for disease positive prediction with our best model for disease negative prediction using a min-max function resulted in a superior model for lung involvement prediction with average predictive accuracy of 75% for zero lung involvement and 96% for 75-100% lung involvement with almost linear relationship between these stratifications.
The role of hand size in own-body representation in childhood, adolescence & adulthood
Authors: Gottwald Janna M. , Bird Laura , Bremner Andrew J. , Cowie Dorothy
Published: April 2021

Children’s and adults’ body representation is constrained by bottom-up multisensory information and by top-down knowledge on possible postures. Using the rubber hand illusion paradigm, this study (N = 229) investigates whether different fake hand sizes (60%, 80%, 100%, 120% or 140% of typical hand size) constrain embodiment in three age groups (6- to 7-year-olds, 12- to 13-year-olds, and adults). Embodiment was measured by questionnaire, proprioceptive drift, and affordance judgements. In line with previous work, we found robust effects of age and synchrony, with higher responses at younger ages and under conditions of visual-tactile synchrony. There were no significant effects of hand size on proprioceptive drift or self-rated hand ownership; nor did participants verbally report that their hand had changed size. Participants of all ages therefore embodied a differently-sized fake hand, without being explicitly aware of the size change. However, manual judgments of own-hand size were significantly influenced by the size of the previously seen fake hand. Therefore, participants did implicitly incorporate a size change into their body schema. In sum, embodiment of differently-sized hands reveals substantial plasticity in body representation, modulated strongly by multisensory information and age. Further, the embodiment of a differently-sized hand specifically affects action-oriented representations of the body.
Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with prevalence of developmental language disorders, but not rate of language or literacy growth in children from 4 to 11 years: evidence from the Surrey Communication and Language in Education Study (SCALES)
Authors: Norbury Courtenay , Griffiths Sarah Louise , Vamvakas George , Baird Gillian , Charman Tony , Simonoff Emily , Pickles Andrew
Published: April 2021

Objectives. The purpose of this study was to determine the changing prevalence of developmental language disorders at different quintiles of the Income Deprivation Affecting Children Index (IDACI), a measure of neighbourhood deprivation. In addition, this study investigated the long term association of IDACI rank with growth in language and literacy skills for children with and without language disorder over a six year period.Design. Prospective, population-based, longitudinal cohort study.Setting. State-maintained primary schools in Surrey, England.Participants and procedure. Teachers rated the language skills of 7267 children starting a state-maintained school in 2011 (aged 4;9-5;10, 59% of all eligible children). Comprehensive language and literacy assessment was conducted with a monolingual sub-sample in Year 1 (n = 529, age 5-6), Year 3 (n = 499, age 7-8), and Year 6 (n = 384, age 10-11).Analytic methods. Logistic regression determined the association of IDACI scores and teacher-rated language proficiency. Structural Equation Models using auxiliary variables estimated the association of IDACI and prevalence of developmental Language Disorder (LD) in Year 1, and IDACI and language and literacy growth from Years 1 – 6.Results. Predicted probability of language disorder was 2.5 times greater at the 10th centile of IDACI rank (.19 [.11, .27]) versus the 90th centile (.07 [.04, .09]). IDACI rank did not associate with growth in raw scores on measures of vocabulary, grammar, or word reading. Socioeconomic gaps in vocabulary and grammar were ameliorated when language status at school entry was accounted for, but persisted for word reading. Conclusions. The association of neighbourhood disadvantage with language and literacy primarily reflects higher rates of language disorder in areas of socio-economic deprivation. Interventions that alleviate deprivation and enhance the language and literacy experiences of disadvantaged children could reduce socioeconomic attainment gaps. However, the persistence of language disorder suggests on-going support is required to attenuate personal and societal cost.
Understanding ‘How’: Two kinds of mechanistic explanations underlie known explanation preferences
Authors: Joo Sehrang , Yousif Sami Ryan , Keil Frank
Published: April 2021

Parallel research programs across decades have developed contrasting accounts of people’s explanation preferences. One perspective emphasizes adults’ and children’s preferences for teleological explanations (i.e., explanations referring to something’s purpose), even in direct contrast with mechanistic (or causal) explanations. The other perspective highlights contexts where people instead seek out mechanistic knowledge and judge it to be particularly valuable. These characterizations of people’s explanation preferences support fundamentally different theories of people’s intrinsic worldviews: People may either be irrational and prone to unscientific explanation, or relatively sophisticated investigators of the world around them. How can these teleo-centric and mech-centric views of explanation preferences be reconciled? Here, we demonstrate that mechanistic explanations are comprised of two significant subtypes of explanation. Etiological mechanisms address how things came to be, whereas constitutive mechanisms address how they currently work. In Experiments 1 and 2, we find that people prefer constitutive mechanisms to etiological mechanisms. In Experiments 3, 4a, and 4b, we also find that constitutive and etiological mechanisms are judged differently against teleological explanations. In general, constitutive mechanisms perform better against teleological explanations than etiological mechanisms. Thus, people’s preferences depend on the type of mechanism involved; they may prefer teleology to one kind of mechanism but not to the other. We discuss implications for the larger debate on explanation preferences.