bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Near-Nozzle Flow Behaviour Under Flash Boiling Conditions
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Xinyu , Yan Yuying , Kone Jean-Paul
Published: November 2017

Precise control of the spray behavior is key to fully realize the potential benefits of modern GDI engines. Flash boiling is known to alert the spray behavior significantly; and thus, a complete understanding of its mechanism is essential. In this work, a study of the effect of the fuel properties on the near-nozzle flow characteristics of a single-hole GDI injector under the flash boiling conditions is presented. The performance of hexane and a typical gasoline surrogate iso-octane has been studied both experimentally and numerically. Fuel temperature varied from 20 and 100 °C with ambient pressures of 20, 50 and 100 kPa. For the experiment, microscopic imaging was conducted with a high-speed camera coupled with a long-distance microscope; and a convex lens was used to provide enough illumination to the interested area. The numerical studies were performed at the maximum needle lift using OpenFOAM, an open-source Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code. Phase change was captured with the Homogeneous Relaxation Model (HRM); and turbulence was modeled using RNG k–ε model. The results have shown that while the near-field flow behavior of hexane and isooctane was similar under ambient conditions, a significant difference was observed between the two under the flash boiling conditions. The onset and development of flash boiling of isooctane was retarded compared to hexane due to its much lower vapor pressure. Spray contraction has been observed in the down-stream due to fuel vaporization and air entrainment. The CFD results were shown to agree well with the experimental data.
CFD Guided Gasoline Compression Ignition Engine Calibration
Authors: Badra Jihad A. , Sim Jaeheon , Viollet Yoann , Zhang Yu , Engineer Nayan , Chang Junseok
Published: November 2017

One of the attractive alternatives to traditional spark ignition engines is the gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engine technology. Fuels with octane numbers lower than those of market gasolines have been identified as a viable option for GCI engine applications. Their longer ignition delay time characteristics compared to diesel fuel and their similar volatility features compared to gasoline fuels make them interesting to be explored. In this study, we have numerically investigated the effect of different injection timings at part-load conditions using a research octane number (RON) 75 fuel in gasoline compression ignition single cylinder engine. Full cycle GCI computational fluid dynamics (CFD) engine simulations have been successfully performed while changing the start of injection (SOI) timing from −60° to −10° CAD aTDC at 5bar net indicated mean effective pressure (IMEPn). The effect of SOI on mixing, combustion phasing and engine-out emissions is investigated using detailed equivalence ratio-temperature maps. Also, the effects of different rates of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on the combustion and emissions characteristics are investigated. Rebreathing valves profiles along with double injection strategies are also examined in the current study. Fuel consumption, soot, nitric oxides (NOx), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and combustion phasing (CA50) are the targeted parameters throughout this study. Optimum engine parameters to obtain the best combination of the targeted properties were identified.
Computational Investigation of the Effects of Piston Geometry on the Combustion Evolution in a Light Duty HSDI Engine
Authors: Ismail Riyaz , Leach Felix , Davy Martin H. , Richardson David , Cooper Brian
Published: November 2017

The spatial and temporal distribution of fuel and air within the combustion chamber directly influences ignition, combustion and emissions formation in diesel engines. These fuel-air interactions are affected by details of the combustion chamber geometry and fuel injection parameters. This paper investigates the effects of piston bowl geometry and spray targeting on combustion behaviour in a single cylinder diesel engine. Closed cycle computational fluid dynamics simulations are performed on a sector mesh at various load points using the 3 Zones Extended Coherent Flame Model coupled with adaptive mesh refinement. The computational fluid dynamics model is validated experimentally at the baseline conditions at each test point after-which, parametric sweeps of bowl geometry, exhaust gas recirculation rate and nozzle tip protrusion are conducted. Results indicate that appropriately pairing fuel injection strategy and piston geometry is essential.
HIL Operation of Single Cylinder Research Engines to Optimize the Transient Behavior of Large Gas Engines
Authors: Zelenka Jan , Mayr Philipp , Pirker Gerhard , Wimmer Andreas
Published: November 2017

To enable sustainable power generation through increasing shares of renewable energy, it is necessary to find flexible solutions that use conventional fossil fuels to compensate for volatile energy production from the wind and sun in order to stabilize the electrical grid. Modern large bore engines fueled by gas are already able to ramp up or shut down production quickly and also provide high efficiency throughout all load conditions. Nevertheless, transient capabilities of these engines must be improved even more in order to compete with diesel engines in applications with the highest transient requirements. To meet these demands, sophisticated actuators and control strategies are required. Testing of these components and strategies should already be conducted in an early development phase using rapid prototyping simulation and measurements on single cylinder engines instead of expensive multicylinder engine tests.

The first section of this paper shows how engine controller functions for transient operation based on rapid prototyping models and real-time capable models can be derived and tested. This enables the capabilities of different control strategies to be quantified in order to improve transient performance in an early stage of development.

The second section of the paper presents a methodology for transferring the transient behavior of a large multicylinder engine to a single cylinder test bed using a hardware-in-the-loop (HiL) approach with real time capable simulation models. A description of the demands on hardware and software is provided followed by a description of the overall system, after which the application of the real-time capable models on the real-time controllers of the test bed system is introduced.

Finally, the models with measurement data from the single cylinder engine are compared with the multicylinder engine with a special focus on block loads and ramping the engine at constant speed.
Machine Learning Analysis of Factors Impacting Cycle-to-Cycle Variation in a Gasoline Spark-Ignited Engine
Authors: Kodavasal Janardhan , Moiz Ahmed Abdul , Ameen Muhsin , Som Sibendu
Published: November 2017

In this work, we have applied a machine learning (ML) technique to provide insights into the underlying causes of cycle-to-cycle variation (CCV) in a gasoline spark-ignited (SI) engine. The analysis was performed on a set of large eddy simulation (LES) calculations of a single cylinder of a four-cylinder port-fueled SI engine. The operating condition studied was stoichiometric, without significant knock, and represents a load of 16 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP), at an engine speed of 2500 revolutions per minute. A total of 123 cycles was simulated. Of these, 49 were run in sequence, while 74 were run in a parallel manner. For the parallel approach, each cycle is initialized with its own synthetic turbulent field (through perturbation of the base field) to generate CCV, as part of another work performed by us. In the current work, we post-processed three-dimensional information from all 123 cycles to compute various flame topology and pre-ignition flow-field metrics. We then evaluated correlations between these computed metrics, and peak cylinder pressure (PCP) employing an ML technique called random forest which was used to learn the correlation between PCP, and these flame topology and pre-ignition flow-field metrics. The computed metrics form the inputs to the random forest model developed, and PCP is the predicted output. The random forest model inherently captures the effect of all inputs, as well as interactions between them owing to its decision-tree structure. The goal of this work is to demonstrate (as a first step) that ML models can implicitly learn complex relationships between pre-ignition flow-fields, flame shapes, and the eventual outcome of the cycle (whether a cycle will be a high or a low cycle).
Combustion Model for a Homogeneous Turbocharged Gasoline Direct-Injection Engine
Authors: Tolou Sedigheh , Vedula Ravi Teja , Schock Harold , Zhu Guoming , Sun Yong , Kotrba Adam
Published: November 2017

Homogeneous charge is a preferred operation mode of gasoline direct-injection (GDI) engines. However, a limited amount of work exists in the literature for combustion models of this mode of engine operation. Current work describes a model developed and used to study combustion in a GDI engine having early intake fuel injection. The model was validated using experimental data obtained from a 1.6L Ford EcoBoost® four-cylinder engine, tested at the U.S. EPA. The start of combustion was determined from filtered cycle-averaged cylinder pressure measurements, based on the local maximum of third derivative with respect to crank angle. The subsequent heat release, meanwhile, was approximated using a double-Wiebe function, to account for the rapid initial pre-mixed combustion (stage 1) followed by a gradual diffusion-like state of combustion (stage 2) as observed in this GDI engine. A non-linear least-squares optimization was used to determine the tuning variables of Wiebe correlations, resulting in a semi-predictive combustion model. The effectiveness of the semi-predictive combustion model was tested by comparing the experimental in-cylinder pressures with results obtained from a model built using a one-dimensional engine simulation tool, GT-POWER (Gamma Technologies). Model comparisons were made for loads of 60, 120, and 180 N-m at speeds ranging from 1500 to 4500 rpm, in 500 rpm increments. The root-mean-square errors between predicted cylinder pressures and the experimental data were within 2.5% of in-cylinder peak pressure during combustion. The semi-predictive combustion model, verified using the GT-POWER simulation, was further studied to develop a predictive combustion model. The performance of the predictive combustion model was examined by regenerating the experimental cumulative heat release. The heat release analysis developed for the GDI engine was further applied to a dual mode, turbulent jet ignition (DM-TJI) engine. DM-TJI is an advanced combustion technology with a promising potential to extend the thermal efficiency of spark ignition engines with minimal engine-out emissions. The DM-TJI engine was observed to offer a faster burn rate and lower in-cylinder heat transfer when compared to the GDI engine under the same loads and speeds.
Experimental Investigation of Sulfuric Acid Condensation and Corrosion Rate in Motored BUKH DV24 Diesel Engine
Authors: Kjemtrup Lars , Cordtz Rasmus Faurskov , Meyer Martin , Schramm Jesper
Published: November 2017

The work conducted in this paper presents a novel experimental setup to study sulfuric acid cold corrosion of cylinder liners in large two-stroke marine diesel engines. The process is simulated in a motored light duty BUKH DV24 diesel engine where the charge air contain known amounts of H2SO4 and H2O vapor.

Liner corrosion is measured as iron accumulation in the lube oil. Similarly sulfuric acid condensation is assessed by measuring the accumulation of sulfur in the lube oil. To clarify the corrosive effect of sulfuric acid the lube oil utilized for experiments is a sulfur free neutral oil without alkaline additives (Chevron Neutral Oil 600R).

Iron and sulfur accumulation in the lube oil is analyzed with an Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) apparatus. Three test cases with different H2SO4 concentrations are run. Results reveal good agreement between sulfuric acid injection flow and the accumulation of both iron and sulfur in the oil.
Influence of Charge Motion and Compression Ratio on the Performance of a Combustion Concept Employing In-Cylinder Gasoline and Natural Gas Blending
Authors: Sevik James , Pamminger Michael , Wallner Thomas , Scarcelli Riccardo , Wooldridge Steven , Boyer Brad , Miers Scott , Hall Carrie
Published: November 2017

The present paper represents a small piece of an extensive experimental effort investigating the dual-fuel operation of a light-duty spark ignited engine. Natural gas (NG) was directly injected into the cylinder and gasoline was injected into the intake-port. Direct injection of NG was used in order to overcome the power density loss usually experienced with NG port-fuel injection as it allows an injection after intake valve closing. Having two separate fuel systems allows for a continuum of in-cylinder blend levels from pure gasoline to pure NG operation. The huge benefit of gasoline is its availability and energy density, whereas NG allows efficient operation at high load due to improved combustion phasing enabled by its higher knock resistance. Furthermore, using NG allowed a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions across the entire engine map due to the higher hydrogen-to-carbon ratio. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) was used to (a) increase efficiency at low and part-load operation and (b) reduce the propensity of knock at higher compression ratios (CR) thereby enabling blend levels with greater amount of gasoline across a wider operating range. Two integral engine parameters, CR and in-cylinder turbulence levels, were varied in order to study their influence on efficiency, emissions and performance over a specific speed and load range. Increasing the CR from 10.5 to 14.5 allowed an absolute increase in indicated thermal efficiency of more than 3% for 75% NG (25% gasoline) operation at 8 bar net indicated mean effective pressure and 2500 RPM. However, as anticipated, the achievable peak load at CR 14.5 with 100% gasoline was greatly reduced due to its lower knock resistance. The in-cylinder turbulence level was varied by means of tumble plates as well as an insert for the NG injector that guides the injection “spray” to augment the tumble motion. The usage of tumble plates showed a significant increase in EGR dilution tolerance for pure gasoline operation, however, no such impact was found for blended operation of gasoline and NG.
Fuel Stratification and Partially Premixed Combustion With Neat N-Butanol in a Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Dev Shouvik , Gao Tongyang , Yu Xiao , Ives Mark , Zheng Ming
Published: November 2017

Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) has been considered as an ideal combustion mode for compression ignition engines due to its superb thermal efficiency and low emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). However, a challenge that limits practical applications of HCCI is the lack of control over the combustion rate, which either deteriorates thermal efficiency at low engine load, or produces excessive pressure rise rate and combustion noise at high engine load. Fuel stratification and partially premixed combustion (PPC) have considerably improved the control over the heat release profile with modulations of the ratio between premixed fuel and directly injected fuel, as well as injection timing for ignition initiation. It leverages the advantages of both conventional direct injection compression ignition and HCCI. Compared with those of HCCI, the ignition ability and combustion efficiency of PPC are significantly enhanced at low engine load, and the low emissions of NOx and PM are maintained with lower pressure rise rate. In this study, neat n-butanol is employed to generate the fuel stratification and partially premixed combustion in a single cylinder compression ignition engine. A fuel such as n-butanol can provide additional benefits of even lower emissions, and can potentially lead to a reduced carbon footprint and improved energy security if produced appropriately from biomass sources. Intake port fuel injection (PFI) of neat n-butanol is used for the delivery of the premixed fuel, while the direct injection (DI) of neat n-butanol is applied to generate the fuel stratification. Effects of PFI-DI fuel ratio, DI timing, and intake pressure, on the combustion, are studied in detail. Different conditions are identified at which clean and efficient combustion can be achieved at a baseline load of 6 bar IMEP. An extended load of 14 bar IMEP is demonstrated using stratified combustion with combustion phasing control.
Computational Investigation of Combustion Phasing and Emissions for GDCI Engine Operations
Authors: Wang Mianzhi , Gao Suya , Lee Chia-fon F.
Published: November 2017

The gasoline direct-injection compression-ignition (GDCI) combustion strategy is studied in this work based on the numerically constructed ignition phase curves. Previous research has shown that for GDCI operation, the engine efficiency can reach as high as that of diesel engines yet the NOx and soot emissions can be reduced simultaneously. A comparison between GDCI and diesel operation is made by investigating two combustion regimes, partially premixed combustion (PPC) and conventional direct-injection compression-ignition (DICI). The injection timing, which determines the controllability of GDCI operation, spans over a wide range to study its effect on the combustion phasing. Fundamental processes, such as fuel evaporation, transport, and ignition are used to explain the differences between these two operating regimes. Finally, the effects of heating intake air, boosting intake air pressure, applying warm EGR are also studied. The emissions are correlated to the instantaneous parameters of the mixture at the moment of ignition, providing insights about the fundamental mechanisms of the emission reduction by adopting GDCI combustion.
Ice on the run
Authors: Qiu Jane
Published: November 2017

Scientists are unraveling why certain glaciers are prone to surging
abruptly—sometimes wiping out people in their path
Insurance for broad genomic tests in oncology
Authors: Eisenberg Rebecca , Varmus Harold
Published: November 2017

Insurance coverage should precede rather than follow clinical validation of broad genomic testing in oncology
A “LOOP” METHOD FOR COUNTING VIABLE BACTERIA OR BACTERIOPHAGE
Authors: Asheshov I. N. , Heagy F. C.
Published: November 2017

A “loop” method for counting viable bacteria or bacteriophage is described. In this method standard wire loops are used to transfer definite volumes of cultures in two dilution tubes and to spread fluid from the final dilution on an agar plate. Instead of a number of tubes and pipettes that must be laboriously cleaned, plugged, and sterilized, the only requirements are two sterile tubes containing 20 ml. of saline and two wire loops. The loops are sterilized by flaming.
Prey cortisol affects the usefulness of fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentration as an indicator of stress in a carnivore
Authors: McDonald R.S. , Roth J.D. , Anderson W.G.
Published: November 2017

The noninvasive nature of sample collection makes analysis of fecal hormone concentrations useful for examining endocrine responses in free-living wild animals. Glucocorticoid hormones (i.e., cortisol and corticosterone) are frequently measured as an indicator of activation of the endocrine stress axis. However, many factors may influence glucocorticoid concentrations in feces, and the influence of prey glucocorticoids on concentrations in the feces of predators is rarely considered. We tested whether cortisol consumption influenced concentrations of glucocorticoid metabolites in feces of captive Arctic foxes (Vulpes lagopus (Linnaeus, 1758)) by adding cortisol (5 mg cortisol per kg fox body mass) to the foxes’ diet. Food supplemented with supraphysiological concentrations of cortisol increased fecal glucocorticoid metabolite concentrations of Arctic foxes by 97% in males and 51% in females, compared with controls. In addition, fecal metabolite concentrations in nontreatment samples were higher for females (22.2 ± 3.3 ng·g−1, mean ± SE) than males (13.3 ± 1.5 ng·g−1), suggesting female Arctic foxes may have higher baseline cortisol concentrations or females may be more sensitive to captivity or relocation. These results indicate that prey cortisol can influence measurement of glucocorticoid metabolites in carnivore feces and suggest caution may be needed when interpreting such measurements in wild carnivores.
Globalization Revisited: Institutional Constraints and Ways Forward
Authors: Wang Yuzhu
Published: November 2017

Throughout history, major powers have been playing significant roles in leading the development of globalization. There have been three waves of globalization since the age of the Great Voyage, and the latest American-style globalization featuring neo-liberalism has suffered from its own institutional constraints as a result of imbalanced global economy and social-economic dynamics, which contributed to the election of President Trump and the ensuing protectionism of the United States. With the rise of emerging economies, the new round of globalization will no longer be dominated by a single major power. Given the scale of outbound investment and agenda-setting capabilities, emerging powers represented by BRICS countries are increasingly proactive in promoting industrialization and post-industrialization worldwide. China, in particular, with its institutional advantages, is endowed with far-reaching capabilities in pushing forward the new round of globalization.
ANCA-Negative Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis Presenting with Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis, Abducens Nerve Palsy, and Stenosis of the Internal Carotid Artery
Authors: Harabuchi Shohei , Bandoh Nobuyuki , Yasukawa Rika , Kono Michihisa , Goto Takashi , Harabuchi Yasuaki , Ikeda Hidetoshi , Kamada Hajime , Nishihara Hiroshi
Published: November 2017

We report a rare case of granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) presenting with hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP), abducens nerve palsy, and stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA). A 59-year-old Japanese man presented with a year history of nasal obstruction and a 2-month history of slight headache. Histopathological examination of the granulomatous mucosa in the ethmoid sinuses resected by endoscopic sinus surgery revealed necrotizing vasculitis with multinucleated giant cells. The patient was diagnosed with the limited form of GPA as a result of the systemic examination. He declined immunosuppressive treatment. Eighteen months after the diagnosis of GPA, he presented with diplopia and severe headache. Though nasal findings indicating GPA were not observed in the nasal cavity, CT scan revealed a lesion of the right sphenoid sinus eroding the bone of the clivus. Gadolinium-enhanced MRI of the brain showed thickening of the dura mater around the right cavernous sinus and clivus. Magnetic resonance angiography and cerebral angiography revealed narrowing at the C5 portion of the ICA. Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse therapy followed by oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide resolved headache and dramatically improved HCP and stenosis of the ICA.
SPARCL1, a Novel Prognostic Predictive Factor for GI Malignancies: a Meta-Analysis
Authors: Hu Hanguang , Cai Wen , Zheng Shu , Ge Weiting
Published: November 2017

Background/Aims: Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteines-like 1 (SPARCL1) is abnormally expressed in gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. However, the correlation between SPARCL1 expression and the prognosis of patients remains unknown. Therefore, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the potential value of SPARCL1 as a prognostic predictive marker for GI malignancies. Methods: The PubMed, Embase, EBSCO, CNKI, and Wanfang databases were systematically searched for studies examining SPARCL1 and clinicopathological features, including the prognoses of patients. Hazard ratios (HRs) and odds ratios (ORs) from individual studies were calculated and pooled using a random-effects or fix-effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias analyses were performed. Results: Data from 8 studies, including a total of 2,356 patients, were summarized. The expression of SPARCL1 suggested a better prognosis (HR=0.57, 95% CI: 0.445-0.698, P=0.000) and was associated with clinicopathological features of GI malignancies, including distant metastasis (OR=0.44, 95% CI: 0.23-0.85, P=0.014), lymph node metastasis (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.39–0.81, P=0.002) and tumor differentiation (OR=2.21, 95% CI: 1.82–2.69, P=0.000). Subgroup analyses based on cancer type revealed that the expression of SPARCL1 had no effect on lymph node metastasis in colorectal cancer, and it did not influence tumor differentiation in gastric cancer. Egger’s test showed no evidence of publication bias (all P>0.05). Conclusion: SPARCL1 could be a novel prognostic predictive factor for GI malignancies. The expression of SPARCL1 could influence the clinicopathological features of GI malignancies. Further large-scale studies are essential to confirm SPARCL1’s prognostic predictive value, and more fundamental experimental studies are needed to illustrate the mechanisms.
A new species of the Chinese endemic genus Sinhomidia (Collembola: Entomobryinae) described and the first description of amale of Sinhomidia bicolor
Authors: JIN HAN , JIA SHAO-BO , YAN HUA-CHAO , JORDANA RAFAEL
Published: November 2017

We describe the male of Sinhomidia bicolor for the first time noting a morphological difference from the female. A new species, Sinhomidia guangxiensis sp. nov. is described and illustrated. The new species differs from S. bicolor by the appendages lacking scales, the mucronal basal spine reaching the apex of subapical tooth, the number of chaetae on the trochanteral organ and the distribution of macrochaetae on Th. II, Abd I and Abd II. A key to Sinhomidia species and a diagnostic table to separate male and female S. bicolor and the new species are provided.
Understanding young children’s everyday biliteracy: “Spontaneous” and “scientific” influences on learning
Authors: Durán Leah
Published: November 2017

This research describes the biliteracy learning of young bilingual children in an English as a Second Language classroom. In particular, it explores factors influencing their biliteracy in a context that provided systematic and formalized instruction only in English. Using a holistic perspective on bilingualism and sociocultural theories of learning, this study analyzes children’s writing and writing-related talk. In particular, this study draws on Vygotsky’s notion of “scientific” and “spontaneous” learning. The findings suggest that children used concepts that they had been systematically taught and applied them to new circumstances, that they drew on support from their families outside school, and that their interactions with each other supported their biliterate development.
The impact of an educational intervention on home support workers' ability to detect early pressure ulcer damage
Authors: Clarke Mairead , Moore Zena , Patton Declan , O'Connor Tom , Nugent Linda
Published: November 2017

Objective:

To investigate the impact of an educational intervention on home support workers' ability to detect early pressure ulcer damage.

Method:

A repeated measure design was employed to quantify the effectiveness of an educational intervention, consisting of one pre-test and two post-tests.

Results:

Education was provided to home support workers and this was followed by an assessment of their ability to correctly classify 20 photographs detailing varying stages of skin damage severity. At the baseline (pre-education), 58% of the photographs were classified correctly. At post-test 1, 55% of the photographs were classified correctly. In post-test 2 this increased to 58%, achieving the original baseline scores. There was a moderate negative relationship between pre-training and post-test 2 scores (r=-0.44; n=27; p=0.02).

Conclusions:

The educational intervention has been shown not to have a statistically significantly positive effect on home support workers' ability to detect early pressure ulcer damage. The moderate negative relationship between pre-training and post-test 2 scores concur with the aforementioned qualitative findings, and similarly indicate behaviour associated with individuals experiencing difficulty comprehending new health terms.
Facing an employment tribunal claim
Authors: Bernstein Adam , Stevens Mark
Published: November 2017

A recent Supreme Court ruling has potentially opened the floodgates for employees to bring claims against their employer. Practices should ensure that they familiarise themselves with the steps they will need to take in such an eventuality
Ensuring responsible business mobile use
Authors: Douthwaite Tim
Published: November 2017

A company smartphone is a common business benefit, promoting connectivity and communication throughout the workforce. Tim Douthwaite outlines ways in which you can manage mobile estates and take back control of data usage in the workplace
Getting serious about behaviour
Authors: Donnison Liam
Published: November 2017

Liam Donnison speaks to London head George McMillan about his school's approach to behaviour
Formatting the imagination: A reflection on screenwriting as a creative practice
Authors: Senje Siri
Published: November 2017

In this article I foreground screenwriting as a creative writing practice, and argue that there are significant aspects of the genesis of screenplays that are not sufficiently acknowledged in the development field. In that field it is common practice that screenwriters produce formatted prose documents, predicting their screen stories in detail before the writing of a first draft is initiated. A pre-formatted approach – defined here as the Set Stage Chronology of Documents (SSCD) – has been institutionalized in European and American script culture, manifesting itself in schools, funding institutions and contract formulas. This practice implies that one specific writing method is universal and de-emphasizes such aspects of creativity as improvisation, free association and the accessing of subconscious resources – all widely assumed to be significant in creative work. Drawing upon a case study – the writing of my screenplay September during a fellowship at the Norwegian Film School – I ask how principles of improvisation can be adapted and applied to the writing of the first draft screenplay. Informed by the Russian stage director Konstantin Stanislavsky’s model for improvisation in theatre rehearsals, and the associative method practiced by screenwriter J. C. Carrière in his workshops, I suggest specific tools for ‘structured improvisation’ as used in the writing of September.
‘Surely I should get a script credit, shouldn’t I?’ Creative, consultative and collaborative script development: The Oil Kid
Authors: Wells Paul
Published: November 2017

This article explores the script development process in the pre-production of The Oil Kid, a collaboration between the Oil Museum in Stavanger, Norway, oil industry sponsors, a production company in transition, and a political activist upon whose memoirs aspects of the script were based. The article addresses the idea of how such collaboration works, and how each of the voices represent themselves as the project develops. As will be revealed, these voices are often in competition and have vested interests in how the final script emerges, suggesting that the scriptwriter is often cast as the mediator of such interests and responsible for maintaining creative integrity, political balance, social focus and economic viability. In this case it was required that the scriptwriter constantly be asserted as a particular role with specific skillsets, which was often overlooked when the project’s collaborators viewed the expression of an idea, an intervention about narrative or the provision of technical information as an act worthy of a script credit. The article thus asserts the distinctiveness of the scriptwriter as part of the production process in animation, not merely as an inherent and implicit ‘recorder’ of the script development process, but more significantly, as its key pragmatic leader and facilitator.
Os 7 Ps como Ferramenta para aumentar a lucratividade
Authors: Hübner Marcielly , Ribeiro Mariana Emídio Oliveira , Lavor Anna Ariane Araújo de , Silva Antônio Carlos Alves da
Published: November 2017

Com o crescimento do setor de serviços, o marketing tem se tornado uma ferramenta muito importante para os profissionais dessa área. Neste artigo procurou-se demonstrar a importância da aplicação do Marketing no setor de serviços, com foco nos 7 Ps do composto de marketing de serviços, como estratégia para garantir o sucesso de novas prestadoras, e para melhorar a prestação de serviços de empresas que estão no mercado há algum tempo. Utilizou-se de revisão de literatura para comprovar a importância dessa estratégia de marketing no setor de serviços, através de citações retiradas de livros e artigos de quem estuda e dedica-se a esta área. Verificou-se que existe a necessidade de uma propagação do marketing no setor, devido os empresários acreditarem que o marketing é apenas para produtos, e devido à alta concorrência, para que haja uma maior competição no mercado, e que com a correta aplicação da estratégia, gere maior satisfação nos clientes, com entrega de serviços de maior qualidade.
Avaliação da Qualidade de Vida no Trabalho: Estudo de Caso em duas Escolas Particulares no Cariri Cearense
Authors: Tavares Marysângela De Oliveira , Limachi Islly Gabrielle Tavares
Published: November 2017

A qualidade de vida no trabalho (QVT) vem ganhando espaço como valor essencial das práticas que visam o bem-estar organizacional. Neste contexto, é preciso desenvolver estratégias e habilidades que visem uma maior  produtividade, visando um  posicionamento mais competitivo no mercado. O presente estudo buscou analisar a qualidade de vida no trabalho, em duas escolas na região do cariri cearense. Optou-se pelo estudo de caso nestas instituições, de forma a observar a percepção dos professores quanto a sua qualidade  de vida no trabalho.
Cobertura Vacinal do HPV para Adolescentes: Desafios e Possibilidades
Authors: Pereira Fernanda De Brito , Souza Érika Pereira de
Published: November 2017

A vacinação de adolescentes contra o Papiloma Vírus Humano - HPV é uma estratégia do Ministério da Saúde junto como o Programa Nacional de Imunização, que tem como público alvo meninas entre 9 a 14 anos e meninos de 12 a 13 anos, possuindo como porta de entrada as escolas e/ou Unidade Básica de Saúde. A vacinação tem por objetivo prevenir a incidência de novos casos de câncer do Colo do Útero e câncer de Pênis. Diante do exposto, o presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a cobertura vacinal do HPV em adolescentes do sexo feminino e masculino no município de Ibiassucê, localizado no sudoeste da Bahia. Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, revisão bibliográfica e quantitativa do tipo descritiva. Os dados foram coletados do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS).
Neuropedagogia e as Dificuldades no Processo de Aprendizagem da Leitura e Escrita
Authors: Correia Alcione De  Moraes , Felizardo João Everaldo Alves
Published: November 2017

A presente pesquisa aborda a temática da neurociência a partir da visão da neuropedagogia.  Com o objetivo de se discutir as contribuições da ciência na perspectiva de construir práticas pedagógicas de qualidade no ensino, sendo o professor o mediador desse processo de aprendizagem e suas contribuições nas dificuldades de aprendizagem na leitura e na escrita, este trabalho busca compreender a prática pedagógica. Especificamente, busca compreender como se processa e se apresentam os problemas relacionados à leitura e escrita, sobretudo na fase que abarca os anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental; a proposta é, portanto, apreender a influência das técnicas de ensino e aprendizagem na apropriação do binômio leitura-escrita. Neste sentido, a ideia é perceber ações que culminem na contextualização na elaboração cognitiva de novos saberes realizando intervenções pedagógicas que proporcionem o desenvolvimento e a reorganização das práticas, resultando em novas aprendizagens. A neuropedagogia neste sentido mostra-se forte contributo no desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades afetivas e cognitivas ao se dispor de intervenções interdisciplinares nas diversas possibilidades didático-pedagógicas. A metodologia aqui utilizada foi a pesquisa bibliográfica, sobretudo, aquela voltada à dificuldade de leitura e de escrita dos educandos, com forte relevo no comprometimento da escola na qualidade de ensino.
Verwundbarkeiten und Sicherheitsstrategien in kritischen Infrastrukturen
Authors: Lechner Ulrike
Published: November 2017

Die Sicherheit kritischer Infrastrukturen wird als Selbstverständlichkeit angesehen: Wirkliche Probleme, wie häufige Stromausfälle, unrichtige Daten oder Lieferengpässe, kennt man eher aus anderen Ländern und die Gefahren des Cyber raums erscheinen im Vergleich unwirklich. Wie verwundbar sind kritische Infrastrukturen gegenüber Cyberbedrohungen?
Perbedaan kadar glukosa darah puasa pasien diabetes melitus berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi, sikap dan tindakan di poli penyakit dalam rumah sakit islam jakarta
Authors: Syauqy Ahmad
Published: November 2017

Latar belakang :Perilaku makan yang tidak tepat dapat menyebabkan meningkatnya kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes. Perilaku dibagi menjadi tiga domain yaitu pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan. Tujuan penelitian :Melihat perbedaan kadar glukosa darah berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi, sikap dan tindakan pasien diabetes melitus tipe 2. Metode analisis : Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan crosssectional. Sampel sebanyak 50 responden, dalam penelitian ini adalah pasien diabetes melitus yang menjalani pemeriksaan kadar glukosa darah di Poli Penyakit Dalam Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta. Pengetahuan gizi diukur berdasarkan indikator pengertian penyakit diabetes, prinsip dan syarat diet, penukar bahan makanan dan aktivitas atau olahraga ; tingkat sikap diukur berdasarkan indicator pemeriksaan penyakit diabetes, aktifitas/olahraga, kesadaran diet, bahan makanan dan jumlah porsi ; tingkat tindakan diukur berdasarkan indikator pemilihan makanan/minuman, kebiasaan makan, jadwal makan, aktifitas/olahraga dan bahan makanan penukar. Pengujian One Way Anova digunakan untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian. Hasil :Sebanyak 12 responden (24%) memiliki pengetahuan gizi kurang, 14 responden (28%) memiliki sikap yang kurang baik, 8 responden (16%) memiliki tindakan kurang. Rata – rata glukosa darah berbeda menurut tingkat pengetahuan (F = 4,448 ; p = 0,017), sikap (F = 3,930 ; p = 0,026) dan tindakan (F = 3,427 ; p = 0,041). Simpulan :Ada perbedaan bermakna kadar glukosa darah berdasarkan pengetahuan gizi, sikap dan perilaku terhadap pasien dengan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 di Rumah Sakit Islam Jakarta. Diperlukan  penelitian tentang pengaruh konseling gizi terhadap perilaku pasien agar dapat mengetahui keberhasilan Dietisien.
Life history traits and fishing mortality estimations of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), in southwestern coastal regions of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Taridashti Fateme , Imanpour Javid , Abdolmalaki Shahram , Hadavi Mahvash
Published: November 2017

This study was conducted to complement existing data about the life cycle of Caspian vimba, Vimba vimba (L.), with estimations of age, growth, and mortality rates. To achieve this, 811 specimens were collected between May 2012 and June 2013 at three fisheries catch stations in southwestern regions of the Caspian Sea including Talesh, Bandar Anzali, and Kiashahr. The growth rate in vimba is relatively high at approximately 0.29 year−1 for females and 0.32 year−1 for males. Asymptotic lengths are 245 mm and 233 mm for females and males, respectively. The growth pattern was isometric for both males and females. The overall sex ratio was balanced (1: 0.92). The instantaneous coefficients of total, natural, and fishing mortality were 1.27, 0.4, and 0.8 year, respectively, and the current exploitation ratio was 0.63 year−1. Results showed that the growth rate of males is higher than that of females. Considering the exploitation ratio, it is apparent that the vimba population is experiencing significant legal and illegal exploitation pressure.
Do Firms with Low Disability Risks Opt Out from Public to Private Insurance?
Authors: Hassink Wolter H.J. , Koning Pierre , Zwinkels Wim
Published: November 2017

In the Netherlands, firms may opt out from public to private disability insurance (DI). Opponents of this “mixed market” for insurance argue that it may trigger a segmentation between firms with high risks with public insurance and low disability risks with private insurance. This article tests the importance of such risk segmentation, using administrative information on DI benefits and opting-out decisions of a panel of about 250,000 Dutch firms between 2007 and 2011. We find strong selection into private insurance of firms with low recent DI inflow rates and low current sickness rates. Accordingly, private insurers succeeded in attracting firms with low anticipated DI benefit costs in the first years to come. Our results also suggest that these effects are transitory – that is, firms that opted out have DI risks that are not structurally lower.
Comparative Analysis of Sustainable Real Estate Market Development in Two Northern Capitals: Case of Riga, Latvia and Stockholm, Sweden
Authors: Mishra Ankit , Kauškale Linda
Published: November 2017

Sustainable development becomes a necessary practice in every country. Real estate has always been an essential need for humans to survive, almost all human activities are related to real estate. Due to that, as well as due to the growth of population, real estate has grown in numbers in the world for our basic need fulfilment. Major studies have shown that real estate objects are one of the major contributors negatively affecting our environment. Sustainable real estate development is a crucial practice implemented by successful countries and other countries are following them, adopting good practice in this field. Sustainable real estate development analysis not only helps to solve climate change issues, but also increases asset value. The aim of the research is to analyze two northern region capitals: Riga (Latvia) and Stockholm (Sweden) and their major steps being taken to promote sustainable real estate development. The comparative, historical, logical and statistical data analysis methods have been used in the research.
Study of 7075 Aluminium Alloy Joints
Authors: Peter Ildiko , Rosso Mario
Published: November 2017

High-strength EN AW 7075 Al-based alloy (Al-Zn-Mg-Cu) is currently employed in many industrial fields where excellent mechanical performances of structural components are required. In contrast to the many positive features this alloy presents, it is not fusion weldable, because it is subjected to solidification and liquation cracking. In this paper, the possibility to weld low thickness plates, made of 7075 aluminum alloy, by the tungsten inert gas welding technique will be presented. Two types of welding have been performed: for the former one, welding involves only one surface, while for the second one, welding has been carried out on both faces of the plates. After welding, microstructural analysis and mechanical properties investigations have been carried out. The present research highlights that the mechanical properties evolution is affected by the welding procedure. In particular, the mechanical strength reached for the samples welded on both faces, in the proposed setting, is comparable to that of the un-welded alloys.
Investment in Education as a Way of Overcoming the Problem of Information Asymmetry in the Labor Market
Authors: Vuksanović Nemanja , Aleksić Dragan
Published: November 2017

The need for classifying workers in the labour market exists in the case of information asymmetry between workers and employers. It is expected that certain mechanisms will be developed in order to overcome this information asymmetry. One of those mechanisms is signalling, whose basic idea is that highly productive workers take certain actions in order to separate themselves from the low productive workers. This paper reviews an economic role of education as a signal in the labour market. The goal of the paper is to show theoretically how education can play the role of signal in order to solve the problems caused by the asymmetric information. The importance of such analysis is reflected in the fact that the recommendations for educational policy makers in terms of investment in education are different depending on whether education serves as a mechanism for improving productivity or as a mechanism for signalling different productive capacity. It is shown that these differences arise from distinct ways of measuring social rates of return on investment in education.
Extent of infection by Viscum album L. and changes in its occurrence on ornamental woody species in the locality of Lednice (Czech Republic)
Authors: Bulíř Pavel
Published: November 2017

The main goal of the research conducted in the Lednice chateau park was to map the current spectrum of host trees and shrubs. The aim of the investigation was also to record changes in the host species, namely between the years 1985 and 2016, and to get an overview of the extent and degree of mistletoe infection on the most significant tree species present in the park. Furthermore, the occurrence of mistletoe across the developmental stages of woody species was monitored. Apart from taxonomic changes also the quantitative extent and the degree of infection reported in the last 31 years, and the impact on the development stages of woody plants in the past 20 years were analysed. Among the most frequently infected taxa are currently: Acer campestre, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus, Crataegus monogyna, Robinia pseudoacacia, Tilia cordata and Tilia platyphyllos. The average share of infected specimens of the above host species amounts to 34.28%. A distinctive change in frequency and infection degree was recorded in the aggregate spectrum of hosts. The presence of mistletoe was recorded in a total of 1,362 specimens (almost 12% of the trees growing in the area). Compared to 1985, the occurrence of mistletoe was newly recorded in a total of 13 families (+3), 19 genera (+5) and 42 species (+18). In Aesculus ×marylandica, Fraxinus biltmoreana, Magnolia hypoleuca ×tripetala or Malus ×moerlandsii, it was probably described for the first time ever. At the moment, the most existentially endangered taxon is Tilia cordata.
Carboxylation of phenol and its derivatives with sodium ethyl carbonate
Authors: Suerbaev Khakim A. , Aldabergenov Mayliby K. , Kudaibergenov Nurbolat Zh.
Published: November 2017

A comparison activity of phenol and its derivatives in carboxylation reaction with sodium ethyl carbonate was carried out (the ratio between substrate and sodium ethyl carbonate was 2:1, T=185°С, Pco
Effects of Plant Identification on the Generalized Predictive Controllers Design
Authors: Garipov E.
Published: November 2017

The effects of the estmated plant models accuracy on the control system signals quality after generalized predictive controllers design are studied in the paper. Two identification approaches are used for different in structures discrete-time models – by optimization procedure in Optimization Toolbox based on the plant step response as a standard deterministic plant characteristic and by functions in System Identification Toolbox after experiments with random signals on the plant. The generalized predictive controllers are design according to the estimated models. The processes in the simulated control systems are analyzed concerning the effects of different kind plant models on the designed controllers.