bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Belimumab safety in adult and paediatric Chinese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A Phase 4, multicentre, observational study
Authors: Zhang Zhuoli , Ye Zhizhong , He Shanzhi , Tang Lin , Xie Chuanmei , Yin Songlou , Chi Shuhong , Yang Jing , Yu Qinghong , Yang Min , Zhao Xuefeng , He Yifan , Hu Jingwen , Wang Weibo , Tung Annie
Published: November 2024

Objective

Although belimumab has been widely used in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) globally, real-world safety data among Chinese patients are limited, particularly for children. This study assessed the safety and tolerability of belimumab in adult and paediatric patients with SLE in China in real-world clinical practice.

Methods

This Phase 4, multicentre, prospective, observational study enrolled patients prescribed intravenous belimumab by their physicians in tertiary hospitals, independent of a clinical study, during routine clinical visits between May 2021 and May 2022. Patients could have been receiving belimumab prior to enrolment. The primary objective was to describe the incidence of adverse events (AEs), serious AEs (SAEs), adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and AEs of special interest (AESIs) over the 24-week follow-up period. Data were collected at enrolment and approximately 4, 12 and 24 weeks post-enrolment, during routine clinical visits. AEs, ADRs and SAEs were collected as independent events. The safety population comprised patients who received ≥1 dose of belimumab and completed ≥1 follow-up visit.

Results

Overall, 417 patients were included in the analysis (safety population); 89.2% were female and mean (standard deviation) age was 35.5 (11.9) years. AEs were reported in 158 patients (37.9%) and were mostly mild (79.1%). The most common AEs were upper respiratory tract infections ( n = 19, 4.6%) and hypokalaemia ( n = 18, 4.3%; all mild). Among 22 patients (5.3%) with SAEs, four patients (1.0%) had drug-related SAEs (pneumonia, respiratory tract infection, gingivitis and decreased white blood cell and neutrophil count). ADRs were experienced by 25 patients (6.0%), most commonly urinary tract infections ( n = 5, 1.2%). There were no fatal SAEs. AESIs occurred in 14 patients (3.4%), including infections of interest ( n = 5, 1.2% all herpes zoster), serious selected psychiatric events ( n = 3, 0.7%) and infusion-related systemic and anaphylactic reactions ( n = 7, 1.7%). Of 14 paediatric patients enrolled, six experienced AEs, zero ADRs, two SAEs and one AESI.

Conclusion

Belimumab was generally well tolerated in adult and paediatric patients with SLE in this real-world setting in China, with no new safety signals identified. Future assessment of long-term belimumab safety in China beyond 24 weeks will extend this current body of evidence.
Transformative engagement with community music-making for older adults: A scoping review
Authors: English Helen , Lewis Suzanne , Davidson Jane , Goodwin Nicholas
Published: November 2024

Music has impact on cognition, emotions, sense of self, the body, and social interaction. Through these multiple effects, engagement with music-making can bring positive change, with transformative potential. For older adults, documented experiences of positive change in published studies fall into broad areas of self-perception, quality of life, and personal growth. Yet in these same studies, there is no accepted definition of the experience of transformation. Furthermore, the specific elements of the experience in community music-making that enable such effects remain little understood. To address these gaps in knowledge, a scoping review was carried out with the aim of identifying the breadth of current research into positive and potentially transformative experiences for older adults in community music-making. Twelve databases were searched for studies of older adults’ community music-making. After a process of review, 68 studies were selected for inclusion. The studies cover a diverse range of community music-making practices and a range of participant demographics. The review discloses the depth of contributions already made and the potential music has for personal transformation, as well as suggesting the mechanisms for enabling it. The findings of this review are intended as a valuable resource for further research.
Hybrid Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurs’ Well-Being: The Moderating Effect of Role Demands Outside Entrepreneurship
Authors: Kuske Johanna , Schulz Matthias , Schwens Christian
Published: November 2024

Current theorizing on learning during hybrid entrepreneurship is limited in explaining the circumstances under which entrepreneurs’ well-being benefits from a preceding phase in hybrid entrepreneurship. Using existing theory on entrepreneurial learning and role conflict, we argue that interfering demands from roles outside entrepreneurship constrain hybrid entrepreneurs’ ability to transform experiences into skills that protect their well-being when they enter full entrepreneurship. Moreover, we argue that interfering role demands affect female and male hybrid entrepreneurs differently. We test the hypotheses using panel data. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship research on hybrid entrepreneurship, well-being, role conflict, and gender differences.
Experiences With Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in Childhood and Adult Attachment in a Sample of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Individuals
Authors: Perkins Nathan H. , Dressman Kimberly A. , Kelly Brian L. , Lees Erik R.
Published: November 2024

To the best of our knowledge, no research has been conducted specifically examining the influence of physical and emotional sibling violence on adult attachment in lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. To address this gap, we conducted an exploratory research study using survey methods and asked a sample of 150 participants about their experiences with physical and emotional sibling violence in childhood and attachment in close relationships in adulthood. We found an association between physical and emotional sibling violence and closeness to and dependency on others in adulthood, but no association with fear of abandonment and rejection by others. Implications include the need for psychoeducation and for practitioners to assess for physical and emotional sibling violence when working with individuals and families with members who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual.
Analysis of the Abasic Sites in Breast Cancer Patients With 5 Year Postoperative Treatment Without Recurrence in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Che , Feng Chi-Yen , Bahari Gilang P. , Huang Sheng-Min , Wei Cheng-Hao , Xu Qi , Dinh Dat Thanh , Chen Dar-Ren , Lin Po-Hsiung
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This prospective study aimed to investigate estrogen-induced carcinogenesis by assessing the background levels of abasic sites (apurinic/apyrimidinic sites, AP sites) in Taiwanese breast cancer patients following 5 years of postoperative treatment without recurrence (5-year survivors) (n = 70). The study also sought to compare the extent of these DNA lesions with those found in healthy controls and in breast cancer patients prior to treatment.

Methods

Abasic sites were measured using an aldehyde reactive probe and quantified as the total number of abasic sites per total nucleotides. Characterization of the abasic sites in subjects recruited for this study was conducted using the abasic site cleavage assay using putrescine or T7 exonuclease (T7 Exo) and/or exonuclease III (Exo III).

Results

The number of abasic sites detected in 5 year survivors (26.7 ± 10.2 per 106 total nucleotides, n = 70) was significantly reduced by 46.9% compared to those in breast cancer patients before treatment (50.3 ± 59.2 per 106 total nucleotides, P < 0.001), and was similar to the levels observed in healthy controls (23.3 ± 13.5 per 106 total nucleotides, P > 0.05). Further investigation into the specific types of abasic sites indicated that the number of abasic sites excisable by putrescine in controls, breast cancer patients, and 5-year survivors were 63.3%, 78.6%, and 67.7%, respectively. These findings suggest the involvement of oxidative stress rather than depurination/depyrimidination of DNA adducts in the formation of abasic sites. Further analyses were performed using exonuclease cleavage assay to characterize the specific types of abasic sites including 5′-cleaved, 3′-cleaved, intact, and residual abasic sites. Results demonstrated that the proportion of residual abasic sites detected in controls, breast cancer patients, and 5-year survivors were estimated to be 32.7%, 48.8%, and 34.0%, respectively.

Conclusion

Overall, these findings suggest clear evidence of treatment-related effects on the reduction of levels of abasic sites as well as on the profile of abasic sites in 5 year survivors.
Postcolonial multiplicities: indigeneity in flux
Authors: Byles (Ngāti Hei) Blake
Published: November 2024

This qualitative study explores the complex journey of Māori (Indigenous peoples of New Zealand) indigeneity in a postcolonial and multicultural context. The experiences and perspectives of elderly Māori individuals affiliated by kinship to Ngāti Hei (a Māori tribe, eastern Coromandel Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand) are examined through interviews. Interpretative phenomenological analysis highlights psychosocial and psychospiritual themes of identity and belonging. The study discusses the challenges contemporary Māori face in reconnecting with their cultural heritage and the impact of colonisation on Māori identity formation. It highlights embracing the spiritual domain of Māoriness and engaging in cultural hybridity to foster a deeper sense of identity and belonging. The findings suggest that Māori identity transcends rigid categorisations and that a dynamic understanding of Māoriness is essential, offering seeds of a potential framework for navigating the third space, where multicultural contact and interaction can give rise to new and inclusive forms of Māori identity.
Te Mauri—whānau mana motuhake: supportive care for whānau Māori living with cancer
Authors: Albert Tira , Stephens Lewis , Pouwhare Matewawe , Kingi John , Davies Cheryl , Wharerau Pauline , Awatere Janis , Ellison-Loschmann Lis
Published: November 2024

This article describes the origins and development of Te Mauri (the life essence), a unique Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand) public health and well-being programme aimed at addressing critical gaps in knowledge about supportive cancer care for whānau (families) living with cancer in Aotearoa (New Zealand). Te Mauri is a kaupapa Māori (Māori philosophy) public health initiative having a whānau ora (family well-being) approach, so is based not on the individual, or patient, but within whānau and the core role of communities in relation to the provision of cancer care, the promotion of recovery from cancer, and the maintenance of well-being for current and future generations. Te Mauri makes an important contribution to expanding mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) and the range of Indigenous models of care so that cancer service provision is improved for the benefit of all those who are on a cancer journey.
Influence of the variation of concrete properties in determining the vibration transmission index Kij
Authors: Santos Wagner de Sousa , Vergara Erasmo F , Almeida Gildean do Nascimento
Published: November 2024

In this work, the influence of the modulus of elasticity, the loss factor and the density of reinforced concrete on the vibration transmission index ([Formula: see text]) of a reduced concrete bench was evaluated. An experimental modal analysis based on the Operating Deflection Shape (ODS) methodology is carried out on a reinforced concrete slab (1.20 × 0.80 × 0.20 m) supported on four concrete pillars, applying four sources of distinct impacts: mallets of 1 and 4 kg, impact machine and one person jumping. The experimental results served to validate the finite element bench model (FEM) considering both the first four modes of slab vibration and the adjustment of the elasticity and shear modulus, the loss factor and the density of the concrete using the NSGA genetic algorithm-II. The [Formula: see text] index between the slab and the columns was determined experimentally, numerically and analytically, according to the Gerretsen model. The FEM model showed a percentage difference in the frequencies of the vibration modes less than 10% concerning the tests for the [Formula: see text] index. The influence of density and the modulus of elasticity mainly in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the structure modify the values of the frequencies of the vibration modes by up to 10% without interfering in the modal forms of the structure. In addition, the internal loss factor alters the amplitude of the [Formula: see text] results by an average of 10 dB. Finally, it is shown that the stiffness varies according to the orthotropy of the material. It was possible to conclude that the computational model showed good convergence in results ([Formula: see text]%) when compared with the [Formula: see text] experiments, with the same varying along the frequency, different from what is proposed in the analytical and normative models. This fact proves the hypothesis raised that structural couplings in practice generate significant interference in the results, as happens in residential buildings, with the test bench being an important experiment for initial predictions with little interference from energy transmission to the environment.
From femcels to ‘femcelcore’: Women’s involuntary celibacy and the rise of heteronihilism
Authors: Johanssen Jacob , Kay Jilly Boyce
Published: November 2024

This article analyses the shifting media visibilities of femcels: women who self-identify as being involuntary celibate. It first considers the ‘original’ femcel community which emerged on Reddit in 2018, and which was based on often-despairing, even nihilistic, text-based discussion. It then considers the more recent shift to ‘femcelcore’: a social media aesthetic or ‘vibe’, communicated through short, apparently ironic videos on TikTok. We contextualise ‘original’ femceldom within the ‘femosphere’, a complex ecology of female-centric online communities that mirrors the deeply fatalistic, gender-essentialist, ‘red-pilled’ logics of the manosphere, and we situate ‘femcelcore’ within recent histories and aesthetics of ‘sad girl’ culture. Despite their differences, both iterations of mediated femceldom ostensibly reject patriarchal notions of feminine ‘perfection’; they seem to offer a critique of neoliberal feminism, and to comprise a potentially feminist online community, and as such, we consider whether this phenomenon may signal a radical break with the hegemonic postfeminism of recent decades. However, we argue that both iterations of femceldom ultimately provide a weak and highly problematic basis for collective feminism. Drawing on Robyn Marasco’s concept of ‘womanly nihilism’ we argue that, rather than pursuing a feminism of solidarity and collective strength, these mediated femceldoms are rooted in logics of pain and fatalism; they mobilise strategies of self-numbing, dissociation and irony, coupled with the rejection of social hope. They signify not a collective feminist movement, but a fatalistic, dissociative, ‘anti-hope’ retreat from transformative politics, and a turn to the individualising dynamics of TikTok ‘vibes’. Building on Asa Seresin’s notion of ‘heteropessimism’, we introduce the concept of ‘heteronihilism’ to make sense of the widespread mood of ‘giving up’ that is increasingly entwined with, and expressed through, the radicalisation of negative heterosexual experience. We therefore introduce a new theoretical lens for analysing the politics of gender, sexuality and popular media, in a context of a growing and complex backlash against ‘liberal feminism’.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a firing battery in self-defense and protection in the area of firing positions using constructive simulation
Authors: Havlík Tomáš , Šustr Michal , Ivan Jan , Pekař Ondřej , Mušinka Miroslav
Published: November 2024

The paper describes the results of an experiment based on the use of constructive simulation in the MASA SWORD environment to verify the ability of an artillery firing battery to provide self-defense and protection in the firing position area and to perform the firing task when different types of adversary attack the firing position area. The objective of the experiment is to verify the ability of the artillery battery to survive within the Artillery Reserved Areas/Artillery Maneuver Areas (ARA/AMA) while performing combat tasks and the necessity of allocating additional resources (equipment, personnel, material) to protect and defend the firing position area and the artillery firing unit assets operating within it. The experiment results are the initial basis for follow-on simulations that will assess the impact on the ability to accomplish an artillery battery operation’s planned and unplanned joint fire support tasks.
Tricuspid Anterior and Posterior Patch (TRAPP) Repair of Functional Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Rando Hannah J. , Quinn Rachael W. , Darby Zachary , Larson Emily L. , Rodriguez Emily , Kang Jin Kook , Chinedozi Ifeanyi , Gammie James S.
Published: November 2024

Objective:

Annuloplasty is the most common strategy for repair of functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR) but is not effective in patients with massive/torrential FTR or leaflet tethering. To address the deficits of tricuspid annuloplasty, TRicuspid Anterior and Posterior Patch (TRAPP) repair was developed, which is a pericardial patch augmentation of the anterior and posterior leaflets.

Methods:

To test this repair, a previously validated ex vivo model in an explanted porcine heart was used, wherein annular and leaflet geometry were evaluated using a 3-dimensional structured light scanner at 4 time points: (1) baseline, (2) induction of FTR, (3) annuloplasty repair, and (4) patch repair.

Results:

Compared with the regurgitant tricuspid valve, annuloplasty reduced annular circumference (13.7 to 9.5 cm) and area (13.7 vs 6.1 cm2), whereas TRAPP repair did not alter annular dimensions (circumference: 13.7 vs 13.5 cm; area: 13.7 vs 13.6 cm2). Annuloplasty increased leaflet tenting angles (anterior: 53.5° vs 41.0°; posterior: 59.7° vs 48.2°; septal: 38.9° vs 31.4°) whereas TRAPP repair relieved anterior and posterior leaflet tenting (anterior: 28.9° vs 41.0°; posterior: 34.9° vs 48.2°; septal: 33.2° vs 31.4°) and restored geometry comparable to the native tricuspid valve. Central coaptation lengths were greater with TRAPP repair than with annuloplasty for all 3 leaflets (anterior: 12.7 vs 9.5 mm; posterior: 12.2 vs 8.2 mm; septal: 7.4 vs 4.6 mm).

Conclusions:

Compared with annuloplasty, TRAPP repair yielded greater coaptation length, resolved leaflet tethering, and resulted in a larger annular area that may facilitate durable repair of advanced FTR, which previously would have required replacement.
Magnitude and associated factors of prescribing drugs by their brand names among prescribers working at selected hospitals in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Shafie Mensur , Muzeyin Kedija , Jemal Seada , Shikure Hikma , Berhanu Firewoin , Solomon Samrawit , Berhan Eyoel , Seid Abdulwahhab
Published: November 2024

Background

One possible mechanism for lowering expenditure on drugs and increasing their accessibility is by prescribing generic drugs, which are less costly and have equivalent safety and effectiveness profile as brand drugs. However, in Addis Ababa brand-prescribing practice is so common to the extent of making the health department administration of the city to write letters to subcities and hospitals discouraging brand prescribing. This study tried to identify the magnitude and factors affecting brand prescribing in the city. Objective: General objective of this study was to assess magnitude and associated factors of prescribing drugs by brand names at Addis Ababa.

Methods

An institution based analytical cross-sectional study design was employed from May to August, 2022, using a sample of 485 prescribers. The hospitals were selected by using simple random sampling method and prescribers from different departments were selected by using systematic random sampling method. Data was collected using semistructured, self-administered questionnaire and entered into Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 for analysis. The data was described using percentages, graphs and tables. Mean and standard deviations were calculated to identify measures of central tendency and dispersion. Association between dependent and independent variables was checked using bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models. Statistical significance was declared at 95% confidence interval and p < .05.

Results

The magnitude of prescribing drugs by their brand names was 54.0%. Being trained on good prescribing practice (AOR: 6.81; 95%CI: 2.08-22.28), confidence on Ethiopian Food and Drug Administration Authority (AOR: 18.18; 95%CI: 6.78-48.80), and knowledge about generic drugs (AOR: 11.86; 95%CI: 4.76-29.55) were found to be independent predictors of prescribing drugs by their brand names.

Conclusion and recommendation

Brand medicine prescribing is positively associated with training on good prescribing practice and knowledge about generic drugs. Hence, training prescribers on good prescribing practice and educating them about generic drugs can minimize brand prescribing.
Testosterone suppression and recovery in patients with advanced prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen deprivation therapy with relugolix
Authors: Campbell Patrick , Gebrael Georges , Narang Arshit , Chehade Chadi Hage , Thomas Vinay Mathew , Galarza Fortuna Gliceida , Sayegh Nicolas , Tripathi Nishita , Tandar Clara , Dal Emre , Li Haoran , Swami Umang , Agarwal Neeraj , Maughan Benjamin L.
Published: November 2024

Background and objectives:

Intermittent androgen deprivation therapy (iADT) may result in measurable improvements in quality of life over continuous ADT in patients with advanced prostate cancer (aPC). Here, we studied time to castration and testosterone recovery in real-world patients with aPC undergoing iADT with relugolix.

Methods and design:

Eligibility criteria for this retrospective study were histologically confirmed through the diagnosis of aPC and initiation of iADT with relugolix. Primary endpoints were time to castrate level of testosterone after relugolix initiation and time to recovery to noncastrate levels after relugolix discontinuation.

Results:

Overall, 25 patients with aPC were treated with iADT and with relugolix. Median time to serum testosterone <50 ng/dL was 1.13 months [range 0.67–2.5 months]. The median time to recovery >50 ng/dL was 1.4 months [range 0.83–6.57 months] from holding treatment with relugolix.

Conclusion:

iADT with relugolix is associated with a rapid time to testosterone suppression and recovery. These results may guide patients’ counseling and monitoring of serum testosterone and PSA levels in patients wishing to pursue iADT for aPC.
Comparative long-term outcomes of Petit-Morel versus overhead traction methods versus immediate closed reduction for late-detected developmental dysplasia of the hip: A systematic review
Authors: Duan Lian , Canavese Federico , Zhou Weizheng , Chen Yufan , Li Lianyong
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

This study aimed to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of traction to assist reduction in patients with late-detected developmental dislocation of the hip using the Petit-Morel technique versus the Bryant overhead traction technique, and to compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of these two traction techniques with immediate closed reduction.

Methods:

A comprehensive systematic search of the MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases was performed to identify relevant studies. Studies on Petit-Morel and overhead traction techniques and immediate closed reduction were then screened, selected, and data collected; included studies were assessed using the Methodological Index for Non-Randomized Studies criteria.

Results:

In total, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. The Petit-Morel group had a successful reduction rate of 87% while the overhead traction group had a successful reduction rate of 67.1%, and the immediate closed reduction group had a successful reduction rate of 78.4% (Petit-Morel versus overhead traction, p < 0.001; overhead traction versus immediate closed reduction, p < 0.001, Petit-Morel versus immediate closed reduction, p = 0.021). The Petit-Morel group had an overall avascular necrosis rate of 2.7%, compared to 10.6% for overhead traction and 21.5% for immediate closed reduction (Petit-Morel versus overhead traction, p = 0.001; Petit-Morel versus immediate closed reduction, p < 0.001; overhead traction versus immediate closed reduction, p < 0.001). The Petit-Morel group achieved a satisfaction rate of 86.4% according to the Severin classification, as compared to 71.2% in the overhead traction group and 76.4% in the immediate closed reduction group (Petit-Morel versus overhead traction, p < 0.001; Petit-Morel versus immediate closed reduction, p = 0.018; overhead traction versus immediate closed reduction, p = 0.195).

Conclusion:

Petit-Morel and overhead traction techniques did not outperform immediate closed reduction in terms of redislocation rates, and radiological satisfaction, the Petit-Morel technique, has lower clinically significant avascular necrosis rates than overhead traction and immediate closed reduction.

Level of evidence:

Level III.
Reporting from the Outside While Looking In: Iranian Diaspora Journalists and #WomanLifeFreedom
Authors: Shaban Sara , Kafiliveyjuyeh Soheil
Published: November 2024

Following the death of twenty-two-year-old Mahsa Jina Amini, tens of thousands of protestors took to the streets in Iran—and the whole world watched through their screens. Several Iranian diaspora journalists stepped up to cover the events in Iran for western news outlets. In this study, we interviewed fourteen Iranian diaspora journalists on how they define their role when reporting on Iran and how they navigate the balance between their personal experience and their reporting. Implications for this study include journalistic expectations for international news coverage and the role of the diaspora journalist within that coverage.
Food aversion and its association with pregnant women’s nutritional status in Teticha Woreda, Sidama Region, Ethiopia: A community-based mixed comparative cross-sectional study
Authors: Gebre Turufat Paskal , Tafesse Temesgen , Abebo Teshome Abuka
Published: November 2024

Background:

Food aversion is one of the reasons for maternal undernutrition. Early screening for maternal undernutrition risk factors would improve the ability to recognize this problem and intervene early. Hence, this study was intended to identify the association of food aversion with maternal nutritional status.

Objectives:

To assess food aversion and its association with pregnant women’s nutritional status in Teticha Woreda, Sidama region, Ethiopia, March, 2022.

Methods:

In Teticha Woreda, a mixed community-based comparative cross-sectional study was carried out from 1 March to 15 April 2022. Data were collected using an unstructured interview guide for qualitative data and a structured questionnaire for quantitative data. Epi-Data version 3.1 was used to enter quantitative data. Quantitative data were exported and cleaned and analyzed in SPSS version 20. For the quantitative data, descriptive statistics were calculated. To identify predictors of low nutritional status and control for confounders, multivariable logistic regression was utilized. Using Pearson’s Chi-square test, the association between food aversion and the anthropometric status of pregnant women was examined.

Results:

Maternal undernutrition was found in 109 (48.9%; 95% CI: 42.4%–55.4%) of pregnant women with food aversion and 69 (30.9%; 95% CI: 25.1%–37.2%) women without food aversion (mid-upper arm circumference 23 cm). A significant proportion of mothers 95 (42.6%) stated that food aversion stemmed from the taste or smell of the food. Some mothers avoided “Enset,” while others avoided foods like cereal, milk, and coffee. In the Chi-square test, pregnant women who had food aversion had a higher likelihood of maternal undernutrition as compared to women who did not have food aversion ( p-value of 0.000).

Conclusion:

This study found higher magnitude of undernutrition among pregnant women who had food aversion as compared to their counterparts. Nutritional interventions, especially nutritional counseling focusing on food aversion, are essential to tackle maternal undernutrition.
The effect of sedentary behavior during pregnancy on premature rupture of membrane in women above 35 years old
Authors: Abdelsamiea Rehab Hanafy Mahmoud , Khafagy Ghada Mahmoud , Ghareib Hassan Omar , Sarhan Mai Diaa
Published: November 2024

Background:

Sedentary life is now considered among the main health risks globally among general population and pregnant women. Premature rupture of membranes is a serious pregnancy condition that is a main cause of newborn morbidity and death globally. There is very limited data about the effect of sedentary behavior during pregnancy on premature rupture of membranes.

Aim and objectives:

The current study set out to evaluate the impact of sedentary behavior during pregnancy on premature rupture of the membranes in women older than 35.

Setting and methods:

A cohort prospective study was done on 90 pregnant women at Kasr Al-Ainy Hospitals. Participants were met three times (once per trimester). Routine labs and examinations were done and physical activities and sedentary behavior were assessed using prenatal physical activity questionnaire at each visit then pregnant women were followed up till rupture of membranes happened.

Results:

A statistically significant difference was observed in the kind and intensity of physical activity among pregnant individuals at the first, second, and third trimesters. Women who experienced premature rupture of membranes demonstrated significantly lower levels of physical activity (household or caregiving, occupational, and low physical activities) and they also showed signs of a more sedentary lifestyle.

Conclusion:

Sedentary behavior during pregnancy had great effect on premature rupture of membranes in women above 35 years old. Sedentary participants were twice as likely to develop premature rupture of membranes in contrast to individuals who don’t engage in sedentary behavior.
Use of radiologic imaging to differentiate lipoma from atypical lipomatous tumor/well-differentiated liposarcoma: Systematic review
Authors: Muhib Muhammad , Abidi Syeda Labiba Fatima , Ahmed Uzair , Afzal Ahson , Farooqui Anoosh , Khalid Jamil Omer bin , Ahmed Shayan , Agha Hifza
Published: November 2024

Background:

Lipomas and atypical lipomatous tumors or well-differentiated liposarcomas (ALTs/WDLs), pose a diagnostic challenge due to their overlapping clinical and imaging features. Accurate differentiation is crucial as treatment strategies differ significantly between benign lipomas and malignant ALTs/WDLs. In recent years, medical imaging techniques have shown promise in distinguishing lipomas from ALTs/WDLs by providing enhanced visualization and assessment of various imaging parameters.

Objective:

This systematic review aimed to investigate the use of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and computed tomography (CT) scan to differentiate lipomas from ALTs/WDLs.

Methods:

A systematic review was conducted by using MEDLINE, PubMed, PubMed Central, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, and clinical trail.gov to identify imaging studies published between 2001 and 2022. Two independent reviewers reviewed 221 record to scrutinize the studies. The methodological quality of each included studies was assessed the using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2) tool.

Results:

Thirteen retrospective cohort studies included 1,390 of total patients. Among them, 11 studies used MR imaging, 2 studies used CT scan and MR imaging both to differentiate lipoma from ALTs/WDLs. The significant diagnostic variables identified in the included studies were age, size, texture, mean intensity, contrast enhancement, location, septation, and nodularity. The overall, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the included studies for diagnosis of lesions range from 66% to 100%, 37% to 100%, and 76% to 95%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values range from 46.9% to 90% and 86% to 100%, respectively.

Conclusion:

The most frequent diagnostic features of ALTs/ WDLs include tumors ⩾110 mm in size, often in patients over 60, predominantly in the lower extremities, with an irregular shape, incomplete fat suppression, contrast enhancement, nodularity, septation >2 mm, and predictive markers such as lactate dehydrogenase >220 and a short tau inversion recovery-signal intensity ratio >1.18.
Medium- to long-term health condition of patients post-COVID-19, exercise intolerance and potential mechanisms: A narrative review and perspective
Authors: Schwendinger Fabian , Infanger Denis , Maurer Debbie J , Radtke Thomas , Carrard Justin , Kröpfl Julia M , Emmenegger Aglaia , Hanssen Henner , Hauser Christoph , Schwehr Udo , Hirsch Hans H , Ivanisevic Julijana , Leuzinger Karoline , Martinez Aurélien E , Maurer Marc , Sigrist Thomas , Streese Lukas , von Känel Roland , Hinrichs Timo , Schmidt-Trucksäss Arno
Published: November 2024

Background:

Patients recovering from COVID-19 often present with impaired health and persisting symptoms such as exercise intolerance ⩾3 months post-infection. Uncertainty remains about long-term recovery. We aimed to review studies examining cardiac function, macro- or microvascular function, blood biomarkers and physical activity in adult patients post-COVID-19 and highlight current knowledge gaps.

Results:

Using echocardiography, persistent cardiac involvement of the left ventricle was observed in a fraction of patients both hospitalized and non-hospitalized. Ventricular dysfunction was often subclinical but may partly contribute to exercise intolerance post-COVID-19. Endothelial dysfunction was seen on micro- and macrovascular levels using retinal vessel imaging methods and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation, respectively. Studies reporting blood biomarkers of disease-specific impairment and endothelial dysfunction yielded upregulated inflammation, hypercoagulability, organ and endothelial damage up to several months after infection. Omics’ scale lipid profiling studies provide preliminary evidence of alterations in several lipid subspecies, mostly during acute COVID-19, which might contribute to subsequent endothelial and cardiometabolic dysfunction. Yet, more robust evidence is warranted. Physical activity may be reduced up to 6 months post-COVID-19. However, studies measuring physical activity more precisely using accelerometry are sparse. Overall, there is growing evidence for long-term multiple organ dysfunction.

Conclusion:

Research combining all the above methods in the search for underlying mechanisms of post-COVID-19 symptoms is mostly missing. Moreover, studies with longer follow-ups (i.e. ⩾18 months) and well-matched control groups are lacking. The findings may aid the development of rehabilitation regimes for post-COVID-19 syndrome.

Condensed abstract

This review examined cardiac function, vascular function, blood biomarkers and physical activity in patients post-COVID-19. Evidence suggests long-term dysfunction in multiple organ systems and exercise intolerance due to various factors, including endothelial damage and, in some patients, subclinical ventricular dysfunction. We highlight knowledge gaps for further research to aid post-COVID-19 rehabilitation.
Correlation between physical activity and burnout amongst allied healthcare professionals in eThekwini, South Africa
Authors: Grace Jeanne Martin , Moodley Léchay
Published: November 2024

Background:

Allied healthcare professionals face the intricate challenge of preventing burnout, which is marked by emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and diminished personal accomplishment. Physical activity is proposed as a mitigating strategy that promises to reduce and effectively address burnout among allied healthcare professional.

Aim:

The study aimed to determine the correlation between personal accomplishment and burnout among allied healthcare professionals.

Methods:

A quantitative, non-experimental, cross-sectional, correlational design following the TREND statement amongst 82 allied healthcare professionals was conducted using the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Burnout was assessed using its three diagnostic characteristics: emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment.

Results:

Participants (45.1%) experienced a low degree of emotional exhaustion, but overall, for the entire group emotional exhaustion was moderate ( M = 20.51; standard deviation = 10.5), similar to depersonalisation ( M = 6.46; standard deviation ±4.90), with 46.3% of the participants experiencing a low degree of depersonalisation. In the personal accomplishment category, 22% experienced a low degree of personal accomplishment; overall, for the entire group, personal accomplishment was low ( M = 33.35; standard deviation = 7.58). Most participants (65.9%) engaged in moderate-intensity physical activities. The number of days performing moderate-intensity physical activity at work significantly increases the odds of allied healthcare professional experiencing low levels of emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment by 1.92, 2.33 and 2.09, respectively ( p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Engaging in moderate-intensity physical activities increases the likelihood of allied healthcare professionals experiencing low emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation and personal accomplishment degrees. It underscores the importance of implementing physical activity programmes to improve healthcare and alleviate the effect of burnout in allied healthcare professional.
Primary Care Providers’ Communication About Medical Cannabis With Older Adults: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Elbready Abdallah W. , Warner-Maron Ilene , Glicksman Allen , Peterson Andrew M.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Healthcare providers often hesitate to discuss medical cannabis (MC) due to limited understanding, risks and benefits, and misinformation. This reluctance is notable with older adult patients, despite MC’s potential benefits. This study investigates whether primary care providers (PCPs) routinely inquire about MC when treating older adults and the frequency of such inquiries.

Methods:

A 23-question survey was emailed to 575 physicians, pharmacists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants who completed a Pennsylvania Department of Health-approved MC course. The survey was conducted in 2022 to 2023, and the participants were drawn from a pool of individuals who completed the course between 2018 and 2022. PCPs need to be practicing in the Tri-state area and caring for older adults. Results were cross-tabulated to examine the relationship between healthcare practitioners’ inquiries about MC and patients’ questions about MC. McNemar and Chi-square tests were used for analysis.

Results:

Survey results revealed that PCPs were more likely to inquire about alcohol and tobacco use than cannabis with older adults ( P < .0001). Patients were more likely to initiate conversations about MC use ( P = .037). PCPs did not frequently inquire about cannabis use amongst their patients or consider it as a therapeutic option.

Conclusion:

This study underscores the prevalent reluctance among PCPs to initiate discussions about MC treatment with older adults. Further investigation is needed to identify how to improve communication regarding the risks and benefits of MC.
Institutional and Socio-Cultural Factors that Influence the Wellbeing of Women Working in Academia in Arab Countries: A Scoping Review
Authors: G.F. Al Jayyousi-Alsalim , D. Alsayed Hassan , S.M. Khaled , M Zolezzi , L. O’Hara , S. Daher-Nashif , E.S. Alhaija , T. Kane , N. Al-Wattary , R.F. Abidia , T.T.A. Al Hadeethi , H.F. Abdul Rahim , L.D. Morris
Published: November 2024

Academic life in the present era is subject to several occupational stressors, including increased workloads, reduced research funding, tenuous career paths, and family-work conflicts. Such stressors affect academics’ quality of life, wellbeing, and job satisfaction, and women are particularly vulnerable. There is, however, a dearth of information on such issues in the Arab World. We conducted a scoping review to map the current body of knowledge related to the institutional and socio-cultural factors that influence the wellbeing status of women working in academia in Arab countries. Fourteen articles were included. Several challenges threatening women’s wellbeing in academia were identified including institutional factors (i.e., human resource policies and laws, workplace empowerment, and academic mentoring) and socio-cultural factors (i.e., work-life balance, culture and religion). Current human resources, policies, and labor laws do not adequately support maternal or complex family roles contributing to work-life imbalances and contribute to poor mental health outcomes for academic women working in academia in Arab countries. Although some of these challenges may stem from lingering cultural stereotypes about gender roles, this review highlights the need for professional development and mentoring programs for academic women in Arab countries, in addition to supportive institutional laws, policies, and resources for empowerment of women in academia.
Impact of Chronic Disease Shocks on Household Consumption in China: The Role of Multi-Level Health Insurance
Authors: Han Linlin , Nan Yongqing , Yang Feng , Zang Xuheng , Xue Xiaoling
Published: November 2024

Expanding and enhancing the quality of consumption is crucial to satisfy the increasing demand for a higher standard of living. However, the rising risk of chronic diseases impacts not only the level of consumption but also impedes the optimization of consumption patterns. This research utilizes Staggered Difference-in-Differences (DID) and Difference-in-Differences-in-Differences (DDD) models to evaluate the effects of chronic disease shocks on both the levels and structures of household consumption, leveraging data from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) across four survey waves from 2012 to 2018. Additionally, the study examines the effects and mechanisms of the multi-level health insurance system in mitigating the impact of chronic disease shocks. The study discerns a significant decrease in household consumption expenditure, obstruction in the enhancement of consumption structures, and a constriction of consumption diversity attributable to chronic disease shocks. Heterogeneous analysis reveals that the impact of chronic shocks varies across factors such as age, capital endowment, urban versus rural residence, and the availability of healthcare resources. Moreover, the analysis highlights the heterogeneous mitigating effects of the multi-level health insurance system, particularly through diminishing out-of-pocket medical expenses and the propensity for precautionary savings. The findings accentuate the imperative for the enhancement and equalization of the multi-level health insurance system to fortify household consumption, offering significant policy insights for the realization of the “Healthy China” vision.

JEL Classification: P36, D12.
Using the Chinese Version of Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale to Identify the Psychometrics Properties and Typology of Perfectionism Among Gifted Junior High School Students
Authors: Tsai Min-Ying
Published: November 2024

The study aimed to explore the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale suitable for gifted junior high school students and to classify the types of perfectionism. The Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale was translated into Chinese to evaluate the factor structure and typology of academically gifted students in Taiwan. The exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure with 31 items in a 212 junior high school student sample. The validation study included a total of 498 academically gifted students. Factor analyses produced three rather than the six previously predicted factors. With some modifications, confirmatory factor analysis and accepted composite reliability supported the same three-factor structure. The study used 18 items to validate the three-structure and discovered three types of perfectionists: healthy, unhealthy, and non-perfectionist. The study supported the tool’s effectiveness in determining the state and typology of perfectionism in gifted students.
The Effect of Google-Mediated Collaborative Writing on English as a Second Language Students’ Global and Local Writing Features
Authors: Albesher Khaled Besher
Published: November 2024

In recent decades, web-based collaborative writing has become popular as a technical technique for improving collaboration. The study explored the effect of Google-mediated collaborative writing (henceforth GMCW) and face-to-face collaborative writing (henceforth FTFCW) on developing English as a Second Language (henceforth ESL) students’ global and local writing features (organization, development, cohesion, structure, vocabulary, and mechanics). Despite the emphasis English language instructors in Saudi universities place on writing skills, students still face challenges in achieving proficiency in writing. The study included 46 male students at level 3 from the Qassim University English Language Department. An experimental study was used, along with a post-questionnaire, as additional material to collect students’ perceptions. In addition to using the independent t-test to compare the mean in the post-test of the two groups, a paired t-test was used to compare the mean in the pre-test and post-test of the same group. The researcher used a two-by-two mixed ANOVA to examine how students’ global and local writing features (such as organization, development, and cohesion) changed when they collaborated face-to-face or via Google Docs. The results showed that the Google-mediated collaborative writing post-test mean was greater than face-to-face collaborative writing in all writing features, and the difference was statistically significant. The questionnaire revealed that Google-mediated collaborative writing raised confidence, encouraged teamwork, instructed students on how to engage in peer feedback, and increased their willingness to use Google Docs for further assignments. Google-mediated collaborative writing benefited students more in terms of their writing quality (organization, development, and cohesion) than their writing accuracy (mechanics and structure). Google-mediated collaborative writing did not pay attention to form (spelling, punctuation, or structure). In contrast, students’ perceptions of the global and local writing aspects of face-to-face collaborative writing negatively impacted organization, development, and cohesion. The face-to-face collaborative writing students focused more on the essay form (mechanics and structure) than on the content (organization, development, and cohesion).