bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Considerações sobre as relações entre autoria, dança, cinema e videodança | Considerations on the relationship between authorship, dance, film and videodance
Authors: Cerbino Beatriz , Mendonça Leandro
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este texto parte das aproximações entre dança, videodança e cinema para discutir a questão de autoria. A partir de uma breve historiografia desses fazeres artísticos, aponta possíveis entendimentos para os desdobramentos atuais acerca do hibridismo nas artes, e as perspectivas de Vilem Flusser, Roland Barthes e Walter Benjamim para se pensar a obra de arte. Palavras-chave autoria; dança; cinema; videodança. Abstract This text looks into the similarities among dance, videodance and cinema to discuss the matter of authorship. From a brief historiography of these artistic manifestations, it suggests possible understandings of hybridity on current developments in the arts, and the perspectives of Vilem Flusser, Roland Barthes and Walter Benjamin to think about the art work. Keywords authorship; dance; cinema; videodance.
Criação e fruição: os interesses jurídicos na produção intelectual | Creation and enjoyment: the legal interests in intellectual production.
Authors: Barbosa Denis Borges
Published: March 2017

Resumo Criação e fruição: os interesses jurídicos na produção intelectual. O sistema de produção de criações intelectuais. Os pressupostos da criação intelectual: originador e criação. O estatuto jurídico do originador. O estatuto jurídico das criações não objetivizadas. A manutenção das ideias em estado não apropriável. A oposição corpus mysticum e corpus mechanicum. O bem imaterial antes da propriedade. A autonomia da criação em face do criador. Hipóteses do bem incorpóreo fora da propriedade. A historicidade da transformação do bem incorpóreo em propriedade concorrencial. Criação intelectual fora da economia de mercado. A produção intelectual sem indutores artificiais.Uma noção essencial: a Propriedade intelectual é apenas uma das formas de incentivo à produção intelectual. Criação intelectual voltada para o mercado. O remédio e seus efeitos secundários. O direito centrado no titular e o direito centrado na obra. Uma rápida conclusão. Palavra chave criação intelectual. direitos autorais. indutores à criação Abstract Creation and enjoyment: the legal interests in intellectual production. The production system for intellectual creations. The assumptions of intellectual creation: originator and creation. The legal status of the originator. The legal status of creations not objectified. The maintenance of the ideas in a non-appropriated status. The opposition between mysticum corpus and corpus mechanicum. The intangible property before the property. The autonomy of creation in face of the creator. Assumptions of intangible property outside the property. The historicity of the transformation of intangible property in competition. Intellectual creation out of the market economy. The intellectual production without artificial inductors.A key concept: the Intellectual property is just one way to encourage intellectual production. Market-oriented intellectual creation . The drug and its side effects. The right holder-centered and the right centered on the work. A terseconclusionKeywords intellectual creation. copyright law. inductors to creation.
Novas considerações sobre o acesso ao Patrimônio Musical no Brasil | New considerations on access to Brazilian musical heritage
Authors: Cotta André Guerra
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este artigo traz considerações sobre o direito à informação no campo da musicologia no Brasil, especialmente sobre o acesso a fontes musicais manuscritas. O autor compara a situação atual com o contexto de fins da década de 1990, apresentando exemplos concretos de avanço em termos de acessibilidade das fontes e reflexões sobre o impacto das tecnologias digitais na área em foco. Finalmente, aponta aspectos em que não houve tranformações significativas, tais como as restrições legais, as dificuldades metodológicas e a falta de mobilização coletiva para a discussão e definição de políticas públicas voltadas para o tratamento e a conservação do Patrimônio Musical no Brasil. Palavras-chave música brasileira, musicologia histórica, acervos, digitalização, patrimônio cultural Abstract This article presents considerations about the right to information in the field of musicology in Brazil, especially on the accessibility to hand-written musical sources. The author compares the current situation with the context of the late 1990s, giving positive examples in terms of accessibility of the sources and reflections on the impact of digital technologies in the area in focus. Finally, we discuss aspects in which there were no significant transformations, such as legal restrictions, methodological difficulties and the lack of collective mobilization for the discussion and definition of public policies for the care and preservation of musical heritage in Brazil. Keywords brazilian music, historical musicology, collections, digitization, cultural heritage
Possibilidades e desafios quanto à aplicação de planos híbridos de ensino em universidades públicas brasileiras | Possibilities and challenges for the application of hybrid teaching projects in Brazilian public universities
Authors: Freitas Christiana Soares de
Published: March 2017

Resumo Em 2010, teve início projeto acadêmico com o objetivo de adotar, em algumas disciplinas de uma universidade pública brasileira, planos híbridos de ensino. Nesses planos, foram incorporadas novas práticas utilizando recursos tecnológico-informacionais. O artigo apresenta os resultados de pesquisa, realizada após a adoção do plano híbrido, com os objetivos centrais de identificar as percepções docentes e discentes sobre a experiência realizada e de verificar as habilidades individuais que viabilizam – ou não – a adoção das novas práticas. A pesquisa utilizou instrumentos quantitativos (questionários) e qualitativos (entrevistas semi-estruturadas) para a coleta de dados. Apesar da constatação de vários fatores positivos à hibridização, como a aceitação das novas práticas por um grande número de docentes e discentes, foram observadas consideráveis limitações relativas às condições materiais e à cultura organizacional existentes, dificultando a adoção ampliada das práticas inovadoras propostas.Palavras-chave Hibridização; práticas de ensino; tecnologias da informação e comunicação; percepções; capital tecnológico-informacionalAbstract In 2010, an academic project was adopted with the main goal of establishing a hybrid teaching program for some disciplines in a Brazilian public university. In this program some new practices were adopted using technological-information resources. This article presents the results of a research carried out after this adoption. The main goals of the research were to identify the perceptions of professors and students regarding the experience and verify their individual abilities that could foster – or not – the adoption of the proposed new practices. The research used quantitative (questionnaires) and qualitative (semi-structured interviews) instruments. Despite of some positive factors found in the data collected that tend to stimulate the changes, such as the acceptance of the hybridization by a significant number of professors and students, there are some considerable limitations and challenges that need attention. These limitations are mainly related to material conditions of the university and its organizational culture, making the plain and massive adoption of the initiative significantly difficult.Keywords Hybridization; teaching practices; information and communication technologies; perceptions; technological-information capital
As mudanças climáticas e a transformação das agendas de pesquisa | Climate change and the transformation of research agendas
Authors: Neves Fabrício Monteiro , Lima João Vicente Costa
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este trabalho pretende discutir a formação de agendas científicas globais e a relação deste processo com a definição da posição dos países no sistema internacional de ciência e tecnologia (SICT). A circulação de conhecimento tecnocientífico pelo globo se acentuou nas últimas décadas. Cada vez mais emerge um sistema integrado com fluxos mais intensos de informação e que, de acordo com alguns autores, estaria sem um centro hegemônico de produção, ou “centrais de cálculo”. No entanto, argumenta-se aqui que uma nova hegemonia tem-se formado por meio da distinção de uma nova agenda tecnocientífica global. Esta agenda se instala em função da controvérsia das mudanças climáticas, que exigirá, neste século, uma corrida pela  produção de um novo paradigma tecnológico, “produtivo”, mas “sustentável”. Esta é a nova fronteira do conhecimento científico e tecnológico, que reconfigura os padrões de centro e periferia no sistema internacional de ciência e tecnologia.Palavras-chave Sociologia da ciência, centro/periferia, sistema científico e tecnológico Abstract This article discusses the elaboration of global scientific agendas in relation to the definition of countries' positions in the international system of S&T. The circulation of techno-scientific knowledge around the globe has grown in the last decades. There emerges an integrated system with intense flows of information that, according to some authors, does not have a hegemonic centre of production or "calculation centrals". Yet it is argued here that a new hegemony is being formed with the distinction of a new global techno-scientific agenda. This is implemented by the controversy on climate change, which will demand a rush for the production of a new technological paradigm - productive, but sustainable. This is the new frontier of scientific and technological knowledge, reconfigurating the patterns of center and periphery in the international system of science and technology.Keywords sociology of science, center/periphery, scientific and technological system
O conceito de informação etnicorracial na Ciência da Informação │ The concept of ethnic-racial information in Information Science
Authors: Oliveira Henry Pôncio Cruz de , Aquino Mirian De Albuquerque
Published: March 2017

Resumo O estado permanente de aprendência é uma característica da sociedade da aprendizagem e nela a informação e o conhecimento ocupam uma posição de centralidade nas diversas relações sociais, inclusive no contexto das relações etnicorraciais. A Ciência da Informação (CI) é um campo científico interdisciplinar que pode contribuir para a compreensão das relações entre informação, raça e etnia, em função da redução do preconceito racial, discriminações e racismos. A partir da revisão bibliográfica constatamos a não existência do conceito de informação étnico-racial. Este deste trabalho objetiva apresentar a construção do conceito de informação étnico-racial a partir da Teoria do Conceito da pesquisadora alemã Dalbergh.Palavras-chave Sociedade da Aprendizagem. Ciência da Informação.Informação étnico-racial. Conceito. Teoria do conceitoAbstract Permanent learning is a characteristic of the learning society. In this field, information and knowledge occupy a position of centrality in the different social relations, including relations racial and ethnic. The Information Science (CI) is an interdisciplinary science that can contribute to the understanding the relationships between information, race and ethnicity, and reduce racial prejudice, discrimination and racism. In the literature review did not find the concept of information racial and ethnic. This paper aims to present this building of the concept of information racial and ethnic based on the Theory of Concept. Keywords Learning Society. Information Science. Information etnico-racial. Concept. Theory of concept
Protocolo OAI-PMH e Sistemas Federados de Informação │ OAI-PMH protocol and Federated Information Systems
Authors: Martins Dalton Lopes , Ferreira Sueli Mara S. P.
Published: March 2017

Resumo O movimento de Arquivos Abertos através do protocolo OAI-PMH tem facilitado a criação de federações de bibliotecas digitais que permitem ampla agregação de produção científica, criando condições para a construção de importantes bases de dados para pesquisa bibliométrica, cientométrica, análise de redes sociais e outros modos de análise. Como um meio privilegiado para avaliação e identificação de padrões de produção da informação em diferentes comunidades científicas, as bibliotecas digitais federadas podem ser utilizadas como fontes de dados para pesquisa científica. A construção dessas bases de dados envolve diversos passos iniciando pelo modo com que a informação deve ser estruturada pelas bibliotecas locais, a forma como deve ser compartilhada em um ambiente de rede e sintetizada de modo a garantir visualizações integradas da informação. Questões relevantes sobre a qualidade dos metadados também são abordadas do ponto de vista metodológico e do modo como impactam as possibilidades de análise científica. Apresentamos neste artigo os fundamentos de como essa arquitetura de informação foi aplicada na construção do portal Univerciencia.org, com foco específico na produção científica da área da Ciências da Comunicação, bem como a tecnologia utilizada, as formas de estruturação e tratamento dos metadados, além dos primeiros resultados da análise de dados coletados e sua qualidade.Palavras-chave bibliotecas digitais, sistemas federados, OAI-PMH, repositórios abertos, cientometria, bibliometriaAbstract The Open Archives Initiative movement using the OAI-PMH protocol has allowed the production of federated digital libraries that provide wide aggregation of scientific production, creating conditions for the construction of important databases that enable the development of bibliometric research, scientometric, social network analysis and other modes of analysis. As a privileged means for evaluating and identifying patterns of information production in different scientific communities, federated digital libraries can be used as a source to study these communities. The construction of these databases involves several steps, beginning with the way information should be structured by local libraries, shared in a network environment and synthesized in order to ensure an integrated view of information. Relevant questions on the quality of such data directly impact on the possibilities of scientific analysis. We present here the foundations of how that information architecture has been implemented in the construction of the portal Univerciencia.org, which is focused on the scientific production of Communication Science, as well as the technologies involved, the ways of structuring metadata and the first results of analyzes of the data collected and  their metadata quality.Keywords digital libraries, federated systems, OAI-PMH open repositories, scientometrics, bibliometrics
A comunicação científica nos blogs de pesquisadores brasileiros: interpretações segundo categorias obtidas da análise de links
Authors: Sousa Rodrigo Silva Caxias de , Caregnato Sônia Elisa
Published: March 2017

Analisa o uso de links nas postagens dos blogs de pesquisadores profissionais brasileiros como manifestações que viabilizam possíveis interpretações acerca de um novo paradigma de comunicação científica. Pontua acerca das proposições conceituais e designações em relação aos blogs que abordam a temática ciência. Analisa os processos de comunicação científica a partir dos links inseridos nas postagens de blogs de pesquisadores brasileiros. A metodologia baseia-se na análise de conteúdo, observando as funções e direcionamentos dos links em meio à postagem, de acordo com categorias emergidas do fenômeno. Os resultados indicam que as categorias suscitadas dos fenômeno e as categorias obtidas a priori são pertinentes no que se refere a observação acerca dos processos de comunicação científica.
A Interdisciplinaridade e a Ciência da Informação: algumas reflexões│Interdisciplinarity and Information Science: some reflections
Authors: Santos Ana Paula Lima dos , Rodrigues Mara Eliane Fonseca
Published: March 2017

Resumo Propõe-se a refletir sobre o fenômeno da interdisciplinaridade, com base nos estudos de Gusdorf (1967), Japiassu (1976), Fazenda (1993, 1995, 2009), Pombo (1994, 2003) e Nicolescu (1999). Investiga a gênese da interdisciplinaridade, explicitando as fases que compõem esse movimento. Em seguida, descreve algumas das concepções de interdisciplinaridade mais em uso, uma vez que são inúmeras as controvérsias em torno do significado do termo. Por último, discute os enfoques interpretativos dos teóricos da Ciência da Informação que a caracterizam como uma disciplina interdisciplinar.Palavras-Chave Interdisciplinaridade, Ciência da Informação, Pesquisa, Saber científico, Conhecimento.Abstract We aim to think over the phenomenon of interdisciplinarity, based on the studies of Gusdorf (1967), Japiassu (1976), Fazenda (1993, 1995, 2009), Pombo (1994, 2003) and Nicolescu (1999). We investigate the genesis of interdisciplinarity, explaining the phases that make up this movement. Then we describe some of the most used conceptions of interdisciplinarity, since there are numerous controversies around the meaning of the term. After that, discusses the interpretative approaches of information science theorists that characterize it as an interdisciplinary discipline.Keywords  Interdisciplinarity, Information Science, Research, Scientific knowledge, Knowledge.
Outlier(s) nos cálculos bibliométricos: primeiras aproximações │ Outlier(s) in bibliometric calculations: preliminary approach
Authors: Lima Luís Fernando Maia , Maroldi Alexandre Masson , Silva Dávilla Vieira Odízio da
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este artigo objetiva ilustrar a análise de outlier(s) aplicada aos cálculos bibliométricos. O Outlier é uma observação, elevada ou reduzida, em relação ao conjunto de dados. São três as causas possíveis para ocorrência de outlier: registro errado, o outlier provir de outra população, ou a medição do outlier ser correta, mas representar um evento raro. Assim, o outlier pode potencialmente produzir impacto nas abordagens de estudos bibliométricos. É importante identificar o outlier para a condução de análises alternativas, com ou sem a presença do outlier.Palavras-chaves Outlier, Bibliometria, Estatística, Cientometria, Métrica científica. Abstract  This article aims to illustrate the outlier analyses applied to bibliometrics analysis. Outlier is an observation that is unusually large or small relative to the data set. There are three possible causes to outlier: incorrect value; the outlier comes from another population, or that the measurement is correct, but represents a rare event. So, outlier can potentially have a deeper impact on the bibliometric study. It is important to identify outlier to at least to perform alternative analysis with or without the outlier.Keywords Outlier, Bibliometric, Statistic, Scientometric, Metrology of scientific communication.
Métricas da participação feminina na ciência e tecnologia no contexto dos INCTs │ Metrics for women’s participation in science and technology in the context of INCTs
Authors: Roberto Massao Hayashi Carlos , Carneiro Dias Rigolin Camila , Piumbato Innocentini Hayashi Maria Cristina
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este artigo apresenta os resultados preliminares de uma pesquisa em andamento que tem entre seus objetivos analisar a categoria "gênero" tendo como objeto de estudo projetos com liderança feminina que participam dos Institutos Nacionais de Ciência e Tecnologia (INCTs). A fundamentação teórica está ancorada nos Estudos Sociais da Ciência e a perspectiva metodológica adotada é a dos Estudos Métricos da Informação. Os resultados obtidos estão organizados em indicadores cientométricos que foram construídos com base em documentação oficial sobre os INCTs e na produção científica e tecnológica de dezoito pesquisadoras líderes desses Institutos.Palavras-chave Gênero; Indicadores de gênero em C&T; Sociologia da Ciência; Cientometria; INCTs.Abstract This article presents the preliminary results of an ongoing study in which one of the goals was to analyze the category "gender". The object of study was projects with feminine leadership who participate in the National Institutes of Science and Technology (INCTs). The theoretical framework is anchored in Social Studies of Science, and the methodological perspective adopted is that of Information Metric Studies. The results are organized in scientometric indicators that were constructed based on official documentation on the INCTs and in the scientific and technological production of eighteen female leaders of these Institutes.Keywords: Gender;Gender Indicators in S&T;Sociology of Science;Scientometrics; INCTs.
Análise de cocitação de autores: um estudo teórico-metodológico dos indicadores de proximidade, aplicados ao GT7 da ANCIB │ Authors’ co-citation analysis: a theoretical- methodological study of proximity indicators applied to GT7 of ANCIB
Authors: Cabrini Grácio Maria Cláudia , Tannuri de Oliveira Ely Francina
Published: March 2017

Resumo Este estudo, de natureza teórico-metodológica, objetiva analisar os indicadores de proximidade absolutos e relativos - Cosseno de Salton e Índice de Jaccard-, para análise de cocitação de autores, e comparar sua contribuição para o entendimento de um domínio. Metodologicamente, aprofunda os estudos teóricos que fundamentam a análise de cocitação de autores (ACA) e os indicadores de proximidade, passando aos estudos dos índices normalizados de Cosseno de Salton (CS) e Índice de Jaccard (IJ). Apresenta uma aplicação no GT7 da ANCIB, na área de Ciência da Informação, no período de 2007 a 2011.Palavras-chave Análise de citação, Análise de cocitação, Indicadores de proximidade, Cosseno de Salton, Índice de Jaccard. Abstract Of a theoretical-methodological nature, this research aims at analyzing the absolute and relative proximity indicators – Salton’s cosine and Jaccard’s index –, for authors’ co-citation analysis (ACA). It also aims at comparing the contribution of these three indicators to the understanding of a domain. Methodologically, it deepens the theoretical studies that motivate authors’ co-citation analysis (ACA) and the proximity indicators, and presents the studies of the normalized index of Salton’ cosine (SC) and Jaccard’s index (JI). It applies ACA to the GT7 of ANCIB, in the Information Science field, from 2007 to 2011.Keywords Citation analysis, Co-citation analysis, Proximity indicators, Salton’s cosine, Jaccard’s index.
Uso de Modelos de Dados Multidimensionais para a ampliação da Transparência Ativa │ Use of multidimensional data models to increase active
Authors: De Assis Rodrigues Fernando , Gonçalves Sant'Ana Ricardo Ceśar
Published: March 2017

Resumo Ambientes para acesso a dados governamentais, via Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, podem ampliar possibilidades de acompanhamento pelo cidadão, retroalimentando futuras demandas. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar nos dados disponíveis via transparência ativa, a existência de elementos que permitam a elaboração de propostas de modelos dimensionais, propiciando a antecipação de demandas de acesso a dados. Como referencial teórico-metodológico, o texto utiliza os conceitos Business Intelligence eCitizen Intelligence. Como resultado, foi elaborada a proposta de um modelo dimensional a partir da consulta de despesas diárias, disponível no Portal de Transparência do Governo Federal.Palavras-chave Transparência Pública, Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação, Coleta de Dados, Citizen Intelligence, Data Warehouse.Abstract Environments for access to government data, viaInformation and Communications Technologies, may expand possibilities for citizen monitoring, providing feedback for future demands. The aim of this study is to identify, in the available data via active transparency, the existence of elements that allow the construction of new proposals of dimensional models, enabling an anticipation of demands on data access. The theoretical-methodological framework, the text uses the concepts Citizen Intelligence and Business Intelligence. As a result, a dimensional model was proposed, building on a dimensional model from a daily expenses query, available in the Transparency home-page of the Brazillian Federal Government.Keywords Public Transparency, Information and Communication Technologies, Collecting Data, Citizen Intelligence, Data Warehouse.
Analysis Of The Perception Of Small Businesses On The Quality Of Routine Municipal Services InThe City Of Tshwane, South Africa
Authors: Worku Zeleke
Published: March 2017

A survey was conducted (2012 to 2014) in the City of Tshwane in order to assess and evaluate determinants of adequate municipal services that are routinely provided to operators of start-up business enterprises. Data used in the report come from 1, 058 small businesses. The aim of research was to assess and evaluate the relationship between the quality of services and sustained viability in small business enterprises. The study was conducted against the background of a high failure rate among newly established small businesses in the City of Tshwane. The study found that about 40% of the 1, 058 businesses in the study failed or were not profitable at the end of the 3-year study period. The study showed that there was a significant association between positive perception of business operators on the quality of municipal services provided to them and viability of businesses. The percentage of viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was 87%. The percentage of non-viable business enterprises that were satisfied with the quality of services provided to them was only 13%. Profitability in business enterprises was significantly affected by lack of capacity for fulfilling the business and entrepreneurial needs of newly established businesses [Hazard Ratio = 3.58; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.45, 5.46)], inappropriate policy [Hazard Ratio = 3.19; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.39, 5.28)], and lack of tailor made training programmes directed at newly established small businesses [Hazard Ratio = 2.89; P=0.000; 95% C. I. = (1.24, 4.77)]. In-depth interviews conducted with business operators led to similar findings.
Global Existence, Asymptotic Behavior and Blow-up of Solutions for a Suspension Bridge Equation with Nonlinear Damping and Source Terms
Authors: Liu Wenjun , Zhuang Hefeng
Published: February 2017

In this paper, we consider a fourth-order suspension bridge equation with nonlinear damping term |ut|m-2ut and source term |u|p-2u.  We give necessary and sufficient condition for global existence and energy decay results without considering the relation between m and p. Moreover, when p>m, we give sufficient condition for finite time blow-up of solutions. The lower bound of the blow-up time Tmax is also established. It worth to mention that our obtained results extend the recent results of Wang (J. Math. Anal. Appl., 2014) to the nonlinear damping case.
Changes of Reference Evapotranspiration and Its Relationships to Dry/Wet Conditions Based on Aridity Index in Songnen Grassland, Northeast China
Authors: Ma Qiyun , Zhang Jiquan , Sun Caiyun , Guo Enliang , Zhang Feng , Wang Mengmeng
Published: February 2017

Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) plays an irreplaceable role in regional dry/wet conditions under the background of climate change. Based on the FAO Penman-Monteith method and daily climate variables, ET0 was calculated for 22 stations in and around Songnen Grassland, northeast China, during 1960-2014. The temporal and spatial variations of ET0 and precipitation (P) were comprehensively analyzed at different time scales by using the Mann-Kendall test, Sen’s slope estimator, and linear regression coupling with break trend analysis. Sensitivity analysis was used to detect the key climate parameter attributed to ET0 change. Then, the role of ET0 in regional dry/wet conditions was discussed by analyzing the relationship between ET0, P and aridity index (AI). Results shown a higher ET0 in the southwest and a lower in the northeast, but P was opposite to that of ET0. Evidently decreasing trend of ET0 at different time scales was detected in almost the entire region, and the significant trend mainly distributed in the eastern, northeastern and central. For the whole region, sensitivity analysis indicated decreasing trend of ET0 was primarily attributed to relative humidity and maximum air temperature. The positive contribution of increasing temperature rising to ET0 was offset by the effect of significantly decreasing relative humidity, wind speed and sunshine duration. In addition, the value of ET0 shown higher in drought years and lower in wet years.
On the Stabilization for Laminated Beam with Infinite Memory and Different Speeds of Wave Propagation
Authors: Li Gang , Kong Xiangyu
Published: February 2017

In this work, we consider a one-dimensional laminated beam in the case of non-equal wave speeds with only one infinite memory on the effective rotation angle. In this case, we establish the general decay result for the energy of solution without any kind of internal or boundary control. The main result is obtained by applying the method used in Guesmia et al. (Electron. J. Differential Equations 193: 1-45, 2012) and the second-order energy.
Plant Responses to Salt Stress: Adaptive Mechanisms
Authors: Acosta-Motos Jose Ramón , Ortuño Maria Fernanda , Bernal-Vicente Agustina , Diaz-Vivancos Pedro , Sanchez-Blanco Maria Jesus , Hernandez Jose Antonio
Published: February 2017

This review deals with the adaptive mechanisms that plants can implement to cope with the challenge of salt stress. Plants tolerant to NaCl implement a series of adaptations to acclimate to salinity, including morphological, physiological and biochemical changes. These changes include increases in the root/canopy ratio and in the chlorophyll content in addition to changes in the leaf anatomy that ultimately lead to preventing leaf ion toxicity, thus maintaining the water status in order to limit water loss and protect the photosynthesis process. Furthermore, we deal with the effect of salt stress on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence and some of the mechanisms thought to protect the photosynthetic machinery, including the xanthophyll cycle, photorespiration pathway and water-water cycle. Finally, we also provide an updated discussion on salt-induced oxidative stress at the subcellular level and its effect on the antioxidant machinery in both salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants. The aim is to extend our understanding of how salinity may affect the physiological characteristics of plants.
Diatoms and Their Capability for Heavy Metals Removal by Cationic Exchange
Authors: Hernández-Ávila Juan , Salinas-Rodríguez Eleazar , Cerecedo-Sáenz Eduardo , Reyes-Valderrama Ma. Isabel , Arenas-Flores Alberto , Román-Gutiérrez Alma Delia , Rodríguez-Lugo Ventura
Published: February 2017

This work shows the physicochemical and mineralogical characterization of diatomites form the Hidalgo and Jalisco States, Mexico. In the case of the mineral from Hidalgo State, this has the following chemical composition; 70.0 % wt. SiO2, 11.63 wt. % Al2O3, 1.95 wt. % FeO, 1.79 wt. % MgO, 2.41 wt. % K2O, 0.85 wt. % CaO and 6.10 wt. % Na2O. On the other hand, the mineral from Jalisco has the following chemical composition; 93.58 wt. % SiO2, 3.03 wt. % Al2O3, 1.81 wt. % FeO, 0.40 wt. % MgO, 0.92 wt. % K2O, 0.11 wt. % CaO and 0.24 wt. % Na2O. For recovery of metals, both minerals got arsenic, silver, lead and nickel recoveries upper to 95 % and lower to 10 % for chromium. According to efficiency of interchange, the mineral from Hidalgo is slightly higher in the case of arsenic, lead and silver; while for nickel and particularly chromium (VI) the efficiency is higher for the mineral from Jalisco.
Analysis of Barriers to Wide Spread Adoption of Electric Vehicles in Shenzhen China
Authors: Wang Faping , Yu Jiali , Yang Peng , Miao Lixin , Ye Bin
Published: February 2017

China planned to promote the large scale adoption of Electric Vehicles (EVs) in the thirteenth five year plans, however, this target faces numerous obstacles. This paper was trying to analyze the main barriers to wide spread adoption of EVs through a survey in Shenzhen, which has the largest EVs market share in China major cities. On the basis of previous scholarly findings,a new survey was conducted and 406 approved questionnaires were collected among 500 participants. Five hypotheses were established that examine four types of barriers to spread adoption of EVs:Preference, willingness and attitudes, public policy and financial incentives, innovation awareness and concerns of EVs technology, the analysis conducted by statistic methods(two-way frequency contingency tables, primary components and factor analysis )and the results provide the limited support for the hypotheses. Furthermore, some results positively supported the hypotheses and showed differences with previous scholarly findings, however,the findings of the study may not be a stagnant phenomenon, and more variables should be explored to accurately evaluate EVs penetration situations in China
A Pilot Study on the Effectiveness of a Heat-Pain Stimulus to Induce Pain, Anxiety, and Fear
Authors: Durand Guillaume
Published: February 2017

While the majority of previous studies assessing pain-related variables in psychopaths used electric shocks, little is known about the effectiveness of alternative pain-inducing methods to increase emotional responses such as fear and anxiety. A small sample of healthy undergraduate men (N = 15) was recruited to assess the effectiveness of a heat stimulus to induce pain in an immediate versus delayed punishment paradigm. Although pain catastrophizing, anxiety, and threat of pain did not increase throughout the experiment, participants experienced a significant increase of fear of pain and pain intensity, indicating that the heat stimulus was effective in inducing pain. Furthermore, subjects were slower in initiating the pain stimulus during the first five trials, but no time difference was found during the 15 remaining trials. No correlation was found between psychopathic traits and pain-related variables, with the exception of inconsistent results within the Fearless Dominance factor. Findings are discussed in terms of improvement for a larger scale study involving psychopathic individuals.
Effect of Biochar Application and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Root Colonization and Soil Chemical Properties
Authors: Yusif Sunusi Abdu , Dare Michael Olajire
Published: February 2017

Field experiment was carried out in 2013 and 2014 to investigate the effects of biochar application and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) inoculation on AM root colonization and selected soil chemical properties of two tomato genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a split-split plot arrangement with two tomato genotypes in the main plots, five rates of biochar applied in the sub plots and two levels of AMF inoculation in the sub-sub plots. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and significant means separated using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (P<0.05). The results indicated that mycorrhizal inoculation had little or no influence on AM root colonization, soil organic carbon, soil pH and available phosphorus. Application of 20 t ha-1 of biochar significantly increased (P< 0.05) soil pH and available P compared with the control while 10 t ha-1 and 15 t ha-1 of biochar produced higher organic carbon than other rates. In conclusion, biochar increased soil pH but was not high enough as to have detrimental effect on soil properties. It is, therefore, recommended that biochar with very strongly alkaline pH should only be used in soil with low pH for improvement of soil chemical and AM root colonization.
Arsenic removal from arsenic-contaminated water by biological arsenite oxidation and chemical ferrous iron oxidation using a down-flow hanging sponge reactor
Authors: Kamei-Ishikawa Nao , Segawa Nami , Yamazaki Daisuke , Ito Ayumi , Umita Teruyuki
Published: February 2017

The down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) reactor was used for continuous As removal treatment of As-contaminated water. The treatment scheme was: (1) As(III) in contaminated water is oxidized by arsenite-oxidizing bacteria fixed in the sponges in the reactor; (2) Fe(II) naturally existing in the water is oxidized by dissolved oxygen; (3) Fe(III) is precipitated as iron hydroxide and As(V) is co-precipitated with the iron hydroxide; and finally (4) the co-precipitates are fixed in the sponges. This system could remove As from As-contaminated water on a small scale and at low cost. The results showed that, after using the DHS reactor, As and Fe concentrations in the treated water were lower than water quality standards for drinking water when Fe(II) concentration in the influent was lower than 10 mg/L and the Fe/As ratio was higher than 6.67–8.42, with dependence on the Fe concentration. Additionally, even if Fe concentration is higher than 10 mg/L, the treatment system is still applicable if the pH of the influent is higher than 7 or the retention time is longer than 2 h.
Effects of two different water sources used for irrigation on the soil geochemical properties and the quality of the Lohan guava (Psidium guajava L. Lohan)
Authors: George Dominic Soloman , Anthony Kelvin Kiran , Santhirasegaram Vicknesha , Saruan Nadiah Mohd , Kaur Hasvinder , Razali Zuliana , Somasundram Chandran
Published: March 2017

The effect of two different water sources (treated waste water and lake water) used for irrigation on the soil geochemical properties and the fruit quality parameters of the Lohan guava were studied. The fruits' physical attributes, physicochemical attributes, nutritional attributes, mineral content as well as consumers’ acceptance were evaluated. The properties of the different water sources and their effect, on both the soil and the quality of the fruits, were evaluated. Analysis of the irrigation water revealed that treated waste water was of acceptable quality with reference to irrigation water quality guidelines, while the lake water used for irrigation fell short in several aspects. The different water sources used for irrigation in the farms affected the soil geochemical properties significantly. The quality of guavas harvested from the farms that were irrigated with different water sources was significantly different. Irrigation water qualities were observed to have positive effects on the quality of the fruits and consumers’ acceptance as observed from the results of quality analysis and the consumers’ acceptance test.
Influence of substrate depth and particle size on phosphorus removal in a surface flow constructed wetland
Authors: Lijuan Cui , Wei Li , Jian Zhou , Yan Zhang , Manyin Zhang , Yinru Lei , Xiaoming Kang , Xinsheng Zhao , Xu Pan
Published: February 2017

Substrate adsorption is one of the main processes by which redundant phosphorus is removed from wastewater in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs). The physical properties of the substrate, such as depth and particle size, will influence the amount of phosphorus adsorption. This study was carried out in a long-running intermittent inflow constructed wetland that covered a total area of 940.4 m2 in the Shunyi District of Beijing, China. We investigated how the concentrations of four phosphorus fractions, namely calcium phosphate (CaP), iron phosphate (FeP), adsorbed phosphorus (AdsP), and organic phosphorus (OP), varied between the surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–20 cm) substrate and among the different substrate particle sizes. The total phosphorus concentrations in the substrate ranged from 154.97 to 194.69 mg/kg; CaP accounted for more than 80% of the total phosphorus content. The concentrations of OP were significantly higher in the surface layer than in the subsurface layer, but the concentrations of inorganic phosphorus were not significantly different between the two layers. The CaP, AdsP, and OP adsorption capacities were greater for small-sized substrate particles than for large-sized substrate particles. The results from this study provide a theoretical basis for the construction of constructed wetlands.
Enhancing growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii and nutrient removal in diluted primary piggery wastewater by elevated CO2 supply
Authors: Qi Fan , Xu Yan , Yu Yi , Liang Xiaosheng , Zhang Li , Zhao Hui , Wang Haiying
Published: February 2017

The coupling of primary piggery wastewater as a culture medium with elevated CO2 aeration is thought to be an economically feasible option for the cultivation of microalgae. However, little information is available regarding the photosynthetic characteristics of microalgae and nutrient removal from wastewater at different CO2 concentrations. It was found that elevated CO2 aeration provided sustained growth at CO2 concentrations ranging from 5% to 15% and performed best with 5% CO2 aeration in primary piggery wastewater for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii growth. Photosynthesis, respiration, and nutrient uptake (total nitrogen and total phosphorus) were stimulated in response to CO2 enrichment, thus increasing nutrient uptake in primary piggery wastewater, particularly total nitrogen and total phosphorus. A study of carbon-concentrating mechanism-related gene expression revealed that the levels of mRNAs, such as CAH1, LCIB and HLA3, were significantly downregulated. This represents a possible method for the reconciliation of CO2-stimulated growth with mixotrophic cultivation of C. reinhardtii in diluted primary piggery wastewater.
Survey on number and size distribution of treatment wetlands in Austria
Authors: Langergraber Guenter , Weissenbacher Norbert
Published: February 2017

In Austria, 1,840 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) with design size >50 population equivalent (PE) serve about 95% of the population. The remaining 5% of the population live in single houses and small settlements that require on site and decentralized wastewater treatment technologies. There is no common database on small WWTPs with design size <50 PE; thus data had to be collected from the Austrian federal states and compiled in a database. The total number of small WWTPs in Austria is about 28,700 comprising 1,300 WWTPs with design size 51–500 PE and 27,400 with design size <50 PE, respectively. The total number of treatment wetlands implemented in Austria is 5,450. Due to legal requirements (nitrification), only vertical flow wetlands are implemented in Austria. From the 5,450 treatment wetlands, about 100 are of design size larger than 50 PE and about 2,800 treatment wetlands have a design size of 5–10 PE. The peak of wetland implementation was in the years 2007–2011 with 2,200 implemented systems in 5 years. Since about 2000, about 30–40% of the new implemented small WWTPs are treatment wetlands.
Application of batch tests to assess antibiotic loads in anaerobic processes
Authors: Rodríguez Diana C. , Londoño Yudy A. , Peñuela Gustavo A.
Published: March 2017

The presence of antibiotics in drinking water and wastewater has not been widely studied because the sanitary engineering sector mainly focuses on the removal of organic matter and nutrients. There is a lack of environmental regulations for pollutants like antibiotics. Batch tests analyse biodegradability to measure the anaerobic degradation potential of the substrate, or they can be used as toxicity tests. Oxytetracycline, florfenicol (FLO), ceftiofur (CEF) and penicillin G (PEN), commonly used in Colombia for the treatment of livestock diseases, were added in different concentrations to anaerobic sludge contained in serological glass bottles. The production of methane stored in the empty spaces of the bottles was monitored in order to determine the effect of the aforementioned antibiotics on the anaerobic process. It was found that CEF did not have any inhibitory effect on methanogenic activity, while PEN showed inhibition at all concentrations evaluated.
Indicators of Groundwater Potential for Nitrate Transformation in a Reductive Environment
Authors: Perović Marija , Obradović Vesna , Kovačević Srđan , Mitrinović David , Živančev Nevena , Nenin Tanja
Published: February 2017

Increasing nitrate concentration in many shallow aquifers has become a global environmental problem. In order to determine anoxic aquifer sensitivity to nitrate pollution and potential for nitrogen conservation, we have qualified potential nitrate transformation pathways, by conducting field tests, tracer study, physicochemical and microbiological analysis of the groundwater. Combination of in situ measuring and laboratory analysis of physicochemical properties and selected biological activity reactivity tests (BARTTM), has enabled estimation of different pathways of NO3− reduction. During five days of nitrate enrichment experiment there was no observed increase in NO3− concentration, nor any observed decrease of TN (total nitrogen) in the groundwater, while NH4+ production rates increased (with the peak concentrations of 4.97 mg N/L) on the first day of the experiment. We assume that inhibited respiratory denitrification and enhanced DNRA (dissimilatory reduction of nitrate to ammonium) may preserve available nitrogen in a bioavailable form of ammonium.
Nitrogen Removal in a Staged Anaerobic‐Aerobic Sludge Digestion System
Authors: Kim Jongmin , Novak John T.
Published: February 2017

A mixture of primary and secondary municipal sludge was treated in the digestion system consisting of a first‐stage mesophilic anaerobic and a second‐stage aerobic digester. The study was to monitor solids and nitrogen removal efficiencies under different operational conditions in the aerobic digester.

In the first phase, the aerobic digester was batch fed under continuous aeration. More solids and ammonia were removed as the aerobic retention time increased. About 90% or greater ammonia was removed at 3 days or longer aerobic retention times. However, higher oxidized nitrogen was measured at the longer aeration times.

In the second phase, the aerobic digestion system was operated for 3 to 5 days while continuously fed with anaerobically digested sludge under different intermittent aeration times. About 90% ammonia removal and low effluent oxidized nitrogen were achieved at 40 minutes of aeration over a 60‐minute cycle at a 4‐day retention time.
Activated Sludge Production Parameters and Nutrient Content of Organic Sludge Components
Authors: Labelle Marc‐André , Dold Peter L. , Gadbois Alain , Déléris Stéphane , Comeau Yves
Published: February 2017

An important part of biological treatment system design is quantifying the sludge production and the nutrient removal capacity. Influent wastewater COD fractionation, biomass growth and endogenous respiration directly impacts the composition of the mixed liquor solids in activated sludge systems. The objectives of this project were to determine the model kinetic and stoichiometric parameters associated with activated sludge production and the nutrient content (N and P) of unbiodegradable organic matter components. A complete sludge retention experiment was conducted over 70 days in a pilot‐scale membrane bioreactor fed with a real municipal wastewater, and operated with alternating growth and famine periods. Experimental results were simulated and compared using the default values from two well‐accepted model parameter sets. The General ASDM parameter set was found to better fit the experimental data than the Metcalf and Eddy parameter set, mainly to characterize endogenous respiration and the heterotrophic biomass concentration. An influent unbiodegradable organic particulate fraction (fXU,Inf) value of 0.16 g COD/g COD was determined by calibration of the accumulated sludge total COD, suspended solids and heterotrophic biomass concentrations. The nutrient content of the accumulated endogenous residue (XE) and influent unbiodegradable organic particulate (XU,Inf) components were calibrated to 0.030 and 0.100 g N/g COD and 0.035 and 0.008 g P/g COD, respectively. These values are in the range of those reported in the literature except for the high P content found in the endogenous residue, possibly due to the presence of coagulants added for P removal in the accumulated sludge. These results were consistent under the wide range of dynamic conditions tested and could improve model prediction of sludge production and composition.