bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on cost management of wenzhou huafeng group co., LTD. Under the background of big data
Authors: Yang Wang
Published: December 2020

With the convergence of information technology and human production and life, as well as the rapid popularization of the Internet, the global data show an explosive growth. Accounting, especially cost management, is also closely related to external data. Therefore, the cost management also needs to apply the big data technology to realize its function and method synchronization optimization. This paper first USES the literature research method to sort out the relevant concepts and theories of enterprise cost management at home and abroad, then USES the data analysis method to analyze the current situation and main problems of wenzhou huafeng group co., ltd. in the cost management, and finally, combined with the background of big data, puts forward the corresponding countermeasures through the problems. In a word, through research and analysis, the problems and deficiencies in cost management of enterprises are found, and on the premise of the background of big data, Suggestions and countermeasures are put forward to solve the problems in cost management of enterprises.
An Analysis on the Economic Effect of Local Government Size Based on the data of Gansu, Qinghai, Ningxia and Xinjiang
Authors: Liqin Yang , Haibin Liu , Xuna Zhang
Published: December 2020

This paper uses the data on four provinces in Northwest China from 2000 to 2015 to establish a panel model to test the long-term relationship between the size of provincial governments and economic growth, industrialization, urbanization and marketization, and estimates the results by using the fixed effect model, and obtains the empirical results of the size of the four provinces in Northwest China for the above four effects.
Monitoring of the impact factors of employee compensation incentive of big data enterprises based on structural equations
Authors: Qing Qing Shen , Jiang Hua Feng
Published: December 2020

Through the perspective of employees of big data enterprises in Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai, data were obtained in the form of questionnaire research, the significance of the influence factors of compensation incentive is evaluated, and the use of the empirical method of structural equations is obtained, and all indicators play a positive incentive role. Among them, the four indicators of salary performance, prospect promotion, equity incentives and welfare benefits are highly motivating. At the same time, four countermeasures are put forward:1. While implementing long-term and short-term salary incentives, pay attention to the principle of ability and performance first; 2. Provide basic benefits and improve the retirement mechanism for employees; 3. Strengthen humanistic care and create simple interpersonal relationships and good communication atmosphere; 4. Improve the post promotion mechanism, clear employee career channel.
Research on the relationship between Fresh Food E-commerce Consumption Experience and Customer Fit from the Perspective of Value Co-creatio
Authors: Wei Gao , He Xinjuan , Wang Huan , Rui Li , Jialing Luo , Jingyi Li
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the fresh food e-commerce platforms have been developing rapidly with facing increasingly fierce market competition. From the perspective of value co-creation, the core competitive advantage of enterprises in the future lies in creating unique values with customers. Starting from the perspective of innovation, this study explores the relationship fresh food e-commerce consumption experience and customer fit, so as to provide decision-making reference for the management of the platforms.
Research on Judicial Practice of School Physical Education Injury Cases in Jiangxi Province——Statistical Analysis Based on the Big Data of China Judgement Online
Authors: Gao Jianxin , Shu Yuan , Li Liya , Huang Zhuo
Published: December 2020

”Justice is the last line to maintain social fairness and justice”. Student right for life, body and health can only be guaranteed through judicial channels. Once the school sports injury cases happen, the results are serious, which seriously affects the students’ academic completion, and brings heavy economics and psychological burden to the related families. Therefore, from the perspective of big data analysis, this paper collects and sorts out the data reports of China judgement online, and finds problems from the data statistics of school sports injury cases. By using SPSS and other sports statistics related software to analyze the variables involved in the case, the paper truthfully reflects the current situation and problems of the case. Finally, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions to prevent and solve the school sports injuries in Jiangxi Province, in order to provide theoretical reference for the construction of school sports law in China.
The Influence of Foreign Institutional Ownership on the Stock Liquidity in China Based on Data Analysis
Authors: Shen Zitang
Published: December 2020

The negative impact of foreign participation on the liquidity of companies that allow a high degree of foreign institutional ownership has been widely documented. This article provides a unique environment for the limited participation of qualified foreign institutional investors (QFIIs) in China’s A-share market, and examines how these factors affect stock liquidity in emerging markets. Contrary to previous findings, the participation of foreign investors has helped increase the liquidity of affected stocks by facilitating increased trading activity. Improved liquidity in small businesses is more important than large ones. The findings of this article are the endogenous robustness and the impact on the stock market, industry impact, and possible impact on the stock exchange. In addition, when analyzing sub-samples of QFII companies, QFII’s liquidity improvement effect is even stronger. This article aims to through data analysis on the stock liquidity provide Chinese stock market with management suggestions.
Research on the problems and path optimization of market environment construction in China
Authors: JIANG He , CAO Yonghui
Published: December 2020

China is in the period of economic development and transformation. Optimizing the economic structure and changing the driving force of growth are the focuses of current economic work. In order to build a high-quality economic development from the extension to the connotation, so as to rely on the supply side reform driven by innovation and boost the confidence of enterprise growth, we need to create a good market environment, which is the guarantee to ensure the healthy development of market subjects. From the perspective of market environment construction in recent years, although positive results have been achieved, there are still some problems to be solved. Therefore, this paper will start from the reality of market environment construction in China, analyze the existing problems, and further clarify the idea of optimizing market environment construction, and create a good market environment to enhance the competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.
The Measurement of Capital Stock of China
Authors: Feng Shide
Published: December 2020

Capital stock is an important indicator in economics, it is an important indicator to measure the social and economic development status. But the research of capital stock is not wildly contributed. This paper is to measure capital stock and forecast future capital stock with time series models. The author conducts empirical methods based on the measurement methods of previous scholars. The paper concludes that the capital stock is growing stably, and with established new mathematical models and time series models, and combined with the latest data, measures the capital stock of China.
The Research of the Continuance Intention of students to Use Tourism APP——Based on the TPB Model
Authors: Feng Shuo
Published: December 2020

Recently, the intelligent tourism has become increasingly popular in tourism industry. Particularly, the tourism APP has become an important and convenient channel for tourists to make travel decisions and take relevant behaviors. The paper mainly researches the continuously using intention of customers to tourism APP among five dimensions (the behavioral intention, the subject norms, the perceived behavioral control, the past behavior and the behavioral attitude) through the theory of planned behavior model. Besides, this paper chooses the college students in Dalian, China as the research object of study and provides a research reference for tourism APP companies.
How to form the leading innovation capability a multi-case study based on Haier and Huawei
Authors: Lou Kaixuan , Liu Haibing
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes the innovation practices of Haier Group and Huawei Company since the leading innovation. On the basis of the existing research on “innovation leading”, this paper makes full use of the theoretical knowledge of original innovation and meaningful innovation, and tries to explore the formation path of leading innovation ability. In this paper, it is found that: First, the accumulation of original innovation ability supports the formation and the development of leading innovation ability. In the formation and the development of leading innovation ability, it is always accompanied by the accumulation and improvement of the original innovation ability. Second, the realization of leading innovation is always accompanied by the independent and controllable open innovation system. Under the condition of independent and controllable ability, the integration of domestic and foreign high-quality innovation resources for open innovation also plays a certain role in promoting the formation of leading innovation ability. Third, stimulating employees’ innovation behavior can stimulate the enthusiasm and creativity of innovation of all employees, and reserve innovation power for enterprises’ leading innovation, which is an important factor to promote the formation of enterprises’ leading innovation ability. Fourth, the sense of social responsibility conducive to innovation, driven by the entrepreneurial spirit, has formed a culture of innovation among all employees of the enterprise. Innovation and reform have become deeply embedded in the development of the enterprise, providing a value orientation for the formation of the leading innovation ability of the enterprise.
Research on market consumption prediction based on machine learning
Authors: Zhao Xu
Published: December 2020

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence industry and big data technology in recent years, the traditional financial industry has gradually transformed into fintech. China Merchants Bank Credit Card Center proposes to rely on data to predict whether users will buy the Pocket Life APP coupons as a practical business scenario. Based on this practical problem, a variety of machine learning methods are used, including logistic regression, random forest. Xgboost, LightGBM, to explore this problem. Finally, an integrated learning method is used to fuse the final result. This paper uses the above several algorithm models for prediction. The model principle is analyzed, and the performance of each model is measured on multiple evaluation indicators. The advantages and disadvantages of different models are compared horizontally, and the reasons for the difference in results are summarized.
Factors Influencing Regional Economic Vitality Based on Regression Analysis
Authors: Zhong Zhenfang
Published: December 2020

The urban economic vitality refers to capacity and potential of urban economic development. At present, Chinese cities are in a period of rapid growth, the vitality of urban economy has become a driving force for attracting talents, urban construction and sustainable regional development. Based on multiple stepwise regressions, this paper quantitatively analyzes the current regional economic vitality and future development from different regions and different perspectives. This paper models and analyzes the economic vitality of different provinces of China from six aspects: population change, corporate development vitality, regional development, regional environment, industry development, and income level. The results show the increase of urban population and population density is conducive to the enhancement of regional economic vitality, and the absorption of enterprises can drive the regional economic growth. We use propensity score matching to calculate the change of the growth rate of the number of enterprises after the implementation of the policy, and analyze the short-term and long-term effects of changes in economic policy factors on regional economic vitality. This paper quantifies the key factors affecting the survival of urban enterprises, and provides theoretical support for promoting urban economic vitality. Finally, we tested the model, verified the rationality of the results, and extended the scope of application of the model, which has certain reference value in practical applications.
Investor Attention and Stock Market under the Outbreak of the COVID-19-Based on the Data of Mask Concept Stocks
Authors: Zhang Bokai , Wang Xuan , Rao Meng
Published: December 2020

With the outbreak of the COVID-19 epidemic, masks have become an important medical material widely concerned by society, which also affects investor sentiment and mask concept stock prices. This article focuses on the impact of investor attention on the rate of return of mask concept stocks. Through the establishment of a panel fixed effect model, it is found that during the epidemic, investor attention to masks has a significant positive impact on the rate of return on mask concept stocks. Then, this article takes the epidemic-related indicators as instrumental variables and uses a two-stage least squares method to carry out the endogenous test, which further verifies the above conclusions and finally puts forward reasonable suggestions.
Empirical Study on Economies of Scale in China Manufacturing
Authors: Lingyao WANG , Yaodong ZHOU
Published: December 2020

The paper is based on Chinese industrial enterprises database, applying the method of translog cost function to measure the economies of scale in manufacturing during the period between 2000 to 2013. The result shows that the mean of scale economies (SCE) is between 0.993 and 0.996, which indicates slight diseconomies of scale. From the perspective of the SCE variation trend, before 2010, there was a decreasing trend year by year, and the variation remained stable after 2010. Considering manufacturing heterogeneity, the paper divides manufacturing into nine groups to measure economies of scale. The group measurement results show that mining industry and light industry have high economies of scale, but in a decreasing state, other sub-sectors show slight diseconomies of scale and in a stable state.
An Empirical Study of the Influencing Factors of the Agricultural Service Supply of Cooperatives from the Perspective of Industrial Chain
Authors: Fawen Yang , Cheng Yang
Published: December 2020

The study is based on 162 Agricultural Cooperatives in Zhejiang Province. On the basis of literature, this paper analyzes the service situation of agricultural production cooperatives, including production, processing and financing. The influencing factors are discussed theoretically and tested empirically. The study concluded that most cooperatives provide pre-and post-production supply services to participating members, as well as financing services. In addition, in order to strengthen human resources, the leaders of each cooperative are encouraged and the service awareness of the agricultural industrial chain of the cooperative is enhanced; the membership is expanded to facilitate agricultural production and the provision of financing services by the cooperative. At the same time, the increase in post-natal strength provides a positive impact on cooperatives and optimizes the overall market environment for cooperatives. Of course, the agricultural industrial chain services provided by cooperatives are also affected by the variety of products.
Driving Mechanism of China’s Tourism Foreign Direct Investment in the United States
Authors: Yingying YANG , Ying CHEN
Published: December 2020

Based on the 2000-2018 data of China’s direct investment in U.S. tourism industry, this paper used the random effect models to quantitatively measure the driving mechanism of Chinese direct investment in U.S. tourism industry. The results showed that: China’s direct investment in U.S. tourism is mainly influenced by the four driving forces of economic development, tourism development, cultural affinity, investment environment and system. “Cultural affinity” is the characteristic of the U. S. which is different from the FDI of Chinese tourism in the global perspective.
Research on the order parameter selection algorithm based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis——Taking the Logistics sector in Gansu Province as an example
Authors: Dan Mu , Chuwei Shi
Published: December 2020

An order parameter selection algorithm based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis was designed according to the statistical analysis method, the selection principle of order parameters of social system, and the correlation test in correlation analysis and the variable contribution test in principal component analysis in this paper. The redundant variables were eliminated from the system by correlation analysis first, and then the variables with high contribution to the system were selected by principal component analysis, so the order parameters obtained accordingly not only have low information redundancy, but also reflect the actual information of the social system to the greatest extent. At the end of this paper, the logistics sector in Gansu Province was taken as an example to select the panel data from 2006 to 2015. Eight indices were extracted as the order parameters of the logistics sector in Gansu Province from the sixteen indices which are redundant selected by this algorithm. The order parameters selected by rational judgment reflect 99% of the original information. The results show that the order parameters in the social system can be correctly and reasonably selected by this order parameter selection algorithm based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis.
How to improve the technological innovation capability of latecomer firms An integrated perspective
Authors: Yang Lei , Liu Haibing
Published: December 2020

This paper discusses the evolution track and micro-mechanism of LCFs’ technological innovation capability from the perspective of integration of “Innovation Strategy-Innovation Paradigm-technological Innovation capability(SPT)”. It makes an longitudinal exploratory case of Huawei Company from 1987 to 2018. In this paper, it is found that: first, Huawei’s evolution of technological innovation capability is “Imitation Innovation capability-Primary Secondary Innovation capability - Ripe Secondary Innovation capability - Integrated Innovation capability - Original Innovation capability”. Technology innovation capability can be measured from three dimensions of technical distance, technical efficiency and technical reserves. Second, absorptive capability is the intermediate variable between the interaction of innovation strategy and technological innovation capability. Third, the driving mechanism, regulating mechanism and catalytic mechanism among the integrated evolution model in SPT of LCFs’ are respectively the Knowledge Cycle Mechanism, Knowledge Diversity and Dissipative Structure Theory. The theoretical contribution of this paper is as follows: it provides a new theoretical perspective for the follow-up research, and also provides a theoretical reference for the existing LCFs to get out of the bottleneck of development.
The Statistical Analysis of the Transaction Volume of Peer-to-Peer Lending in China
Authors: Wang Yingdong , Zhang Yanbin , Xu Xinru , Yang Xiaoyan , Zheng Yueming
Published: December 2020

Since 2013, China’s P2P lending industry has developed rapidly, but many related problems have been exposed. Following the regulation of the P2P lending industry, the transaction volume of the P2P lending declines significantly. In order to study the development trend of China’s P2P lending industry, based on the monthly data of China’s P2P lending transaction volume from January 2014 to December 2019, the regression method was used to make seasonal adjustment. Then the Newey-west estimation method was used to make regression to establish the P2P lending transaction volume model in China. After analysis, it is concluded that the structure of China’s P2P lending industry changed in 2017, and the volume of P2P lending industry will continue to decline in the future. Therefore, China’s P2P lending industry not only needs to strengthen the supervision system of Internet credit, but also needs to promote Internet credit innovation and develop Internet credit technology and business model.
Research on Economic Periodicity Based on Principal Component-Weighted Distance and Clustering Analysis
Authors: Yan Jiayi , Pu Qian , Liu Junfei
Published: December 2020

Based on the knowledge of economics, this paper selects 22 macroeconomic indicators that best reflect the overall economic situation of the United States. After differential, logarithmic and exponential preprocessing of the original data, this paper, based on the power spectral analysis model, adaptively identifies the periodicity of the selected economic indicators, and visualize the results. As a result, it screens out 11 indicators with obvious periodicity. In the process of solving the weighted distance based on principal component analysis, correlation test is first conducted on the selected 11 single indicators of periodicity to obtain Pearson correlation heatmap. Then, the principal components are extracted by selecting the first five principal components as the virtual indicators to represent the monthly economic situation, and calculating the weighted distance value between months for visualization. Finally, we select the results of 36 months’ smoothing for analysis, figure out the time intervals with similar economic situation, and verify the conjecture of economic periodicity.

Finally, based on K-MEAN clustering analysis, the economic conditions of 352 months are classified into 3 clusters by using the weighted distance after 36 months’ smoothing. From the visualized results, it is found that there are two complete cycles, i.e. red-yellow-blue and red-yellow-blue, which is consistent with the conclusion of principal component analysis model, and proves the existence of economic cycle again.

In conclusion, based on the above PCA weighted distance and clustering analysis, it can be concluded that the economic period is around 176 months, in favor of medium long periodicity theory.
Research on the Impact of Green Credit on Profitability of Commercial Banks in China
Authors: Danye Huang
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews the literature on green credit, and has a further understanding of the basic concepts of green credit and profitability of commercial banks, as well as the development status of green credit in China in recent years. Based on empirical data analysis, supplemented by theoretical analysis, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the impact of green credit on the profitability of China’s commercial banks. Finally, according to the results of the empirical analysis, the corresponding opinions and suggestions are given.
Research on influencing factors and effect of entrepreneurship policy of Chinese college students-- Empirical analysis based on S province
Authors: Xi Weidong , He Li
Published: December 2020

In order to promote college graduates to start their own businesses, S provincial government has implemented a series of employment promotion and entrepreneurship guidance plans, set up “college students’ entrepreneurship fund” and college students’ entrepreneurship projects, and provided preferential policies such as tax exemption and exemption and entrepreneurship subsidies. However, these policies have not played the expected effect in promoting college graduates to start their own businesses, and they still need to be further improved in terms of the publicity of the policies, the pertinence of the objects supported, and the supporting services for starting their own businesses. This paper from the government, universities, enterprises, society, graduates and other main body of analysis, from multiple perspectives to improve the university students support policy countermeasures.
An Empirical Analysis of Financing Constraints of Private Enterprises in China
Authors: Yang Yanjun
Published: December 2020

To analyze the financing problems of private enterprises in China, this paper uses the financial data of A-share listed enterprises to construct four sets of Euler investment equation models. The empirical analysis of the models indicates that Chinese enterprises are generally facing financing constraints. However, compared with the state-owned enterprises, the financing constraints of private enterprises are more serious and common. To solve the financing dilemma of private enterprises, we need to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply-side, promote the transformation and upgrading of private enterprises, improve financial infrastructure and create a favorable financing environment.
Leading Innovation: the theoretical basis and connotation
Authors: Liu Haibing , Yang Lei
Published: December 2020

The concept of Leading Innovation is tentatively defined from four dimensions: Value, Attitude, Effect and Driving (VERD). The value orientation of innovation-leading is beyond the satisfaction of enterprises’ own interests and values. It is committed to the dual balance between enterprises’ own interests and the promotion of social interests, and attaches more importance to the realization of their own interests during the process of promoting social progress. Leading Innovation leads innovation to a higher level, which requires a stronger sense of social responsibility as the guidance, in an innovative way to “guide, leading” the choice and implementation of corporate strategy, so as to achieve positive interaction between the value of enterprise benefits and social value, promote the progress of human society; In addition to building sustainable competitive advantages of enterprises, the effect of innovation-leading is more important because of its contribution to industrial technology and social progress; The driving force of innovation is innovation culture.
Financial Excesses and Executive Compensation Stickiness
Authors: Shengdao Gan , Yang Liang , Jintao Huang
Published: December 2020

This research selects China A-share listed companies from 2007-2018 as the research sample, and empirically tests the impact of financial excesses and property rights on the executive compensation stickiness. This study finds that financial excesses have a significant regulating effect on executive compensation stickiness, and the degree of stickiness regulation for enterprises with different property rights is quite different. Financial excesses inhibit executive compensation stickiness in local-state-owned enterprises and non-state-owned enterprises, but have a positive effect when it happens in central-state-owned enterprises
Research on Innovation of Financial Management Model Based on Cloud Computing
Authors: yang Song
Published: December 2020

Against the background of the rapid development of big data and big data analysis technologies, cloud computing service providers provide services to enterprises and individuals. In many large enterprises, by setting up a cloud computing platform environment, multiple services within the enterprise are placed on the cloud platform to provide resource sharing services for various departments. With the dramatic improvement in computing performance of computer clusters, big data and cloud computing technologies are maturing. We combine cloud computing with financial management services, and use modern technical means to innovate financial management models; we will change the financial management model of enterprises by building financial sharing service centers, thereby providing more efficient financial management services. Based on the research of cloud computing technology, this paper expounds the application of cloud computing in financial sharing, and explores the transformation of financial management models in the context of cloud computing. Fully clarify the principles and procedures for the construction of financial sharing service centers based on cloud computing, and discuss the basic structure of financial cloud management. Finally, we discuss the operation model of financial management based on cloud computing to provide a reference for researchers in financial management.
Extracting knowledge patterns in a data lake for management effectiveness
Authors: Cheng Ziyi , Wang Haitong , Li Hongyan
Published: December 2020

With the correlation collision between different types of data becomes more and more intense, a meaningful and far-reaching data revolution has arrived. Enterprises urgently require a hybrid data platform that can effectively break data silos, and unify data aggregation and sharing. Once the data lake was born, it has been a promising method for enterprises to profoundly improve their Business Intelligence. In this paper, we combine principle component analysis (PCA) with a network-based approach to extract a visual knowledge pattern from data sources in data lake, so as to improve management effectiveness.
Urban-rural Comparison of Children’s Education Investment in Compulsory Education
Authors: Depeng Zhang , Zhenlei Shi
Published: December 2020

Family education investment is an important mechanism that affects the stratification of urban and rural education in China. This article analyzes the urban-rural gap in China’s family education investment and focuses on comparing the two levels of family education expenditure and education participation. The study found that the total expenditure for children ‘s education in urban households during compulsory education is higher than that in rural households, and the gap between the two in terms of extra-school tutoring expenditure is even greater. In terms of family education participation, the education participation behavior of urban families among children of compulsory education stage is more frequent, and the counseling time is longer than that of rural families. Rural families’ care for their children’s life and learning is significantly weaker than urban families. The comparative study of urban and rural family education investment in this article is helpful to understand the formation of urban and rural education inequality, and to grasp the specific differences between urban and rural family children’s education investment in compulsory education stage.
Fractured Neck of Femur Management at a District General Hospital: Adherence to NICE guidelines CG124 for total hip replacement
Authors: Mudiganty Srikanth , Kosmidis Ilias , Edwin John
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in 2011 declared standards in the management of fracture neck of femur (NOF) patients suggesting a total hip replacement (THR) if necessary criteria were met. The Best Practice Tariff (BPT) states all NOF fracture patients should be operated on within 36 h of presentation to Accident & Emergency. We conducted this retrospective study for the years 2016–2018 to evaluate the adherence to these guidelines by Basildon and Thurrock University Hospital and compared the results with national standards. Methods: Data for the period from 2016 to 2018 was collected from the National Hip Fracture Database (NHFD) retrospectively. The data was analysed to calculate various procedures performed for fracture NOF fixations, the number of THR’s for displaced intracapsular fracture NOF, and percentage of patients operated within 36 h and evaluated reasons for the delay. Results: Over the 3 years, the number of THR eligible displaced intracapsular neck of femur fracture patients that underwent THR was above the national average. Across all 3 years, the number of patients who underwent surgery within 36 h was less than the national average. Administrative/logistic reasons for the delay were the major cause for delayed surgery in all 3 years. Conclusion: Compliance with the NICE guidelines and achievement of national standards in NOF fracture care is achievable by most district general hospitals. Awareness and implementation of NICE guidelines for THRs need to be enhanced. A sustained, continual team effort and strict vigilance are necessary to prevent delayed surgery.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Mau Wilfried
Published: December 2020

sollten an dieser Stelle einmal nicht aktuelle Aspekte der Corona-Pandemie
kommentiert und (endlich) nur die vielen anderen wichtigen Themen der Rehabilitation
und Rehabilitationswissenschaften in den Vordergrund gerückt werden? Auch
wenn das bis vor Kurzem möglich erschien und viele Menschen dieses
Dauerthema unseres Alltags am liebsten einmal abschalten möchten: es ist
kaum möglich. Angesichts des durchaus erwartbaren deutlichen Anstiegs der
Infektionszahlen und der erneuten drastischen Kontaktbeschränkungen sollen
bisher wenig adressierte Folgen der Corona-Pandemie für die
Durchführung von Forschung und Lehre zur Rehabilitation kurz thematisiert
werden.
Schwer verletzte Kinder in der Notaufnahme versorgen
Authors: Bittner Sebastian
Published: December 2020

Die Versorgung von schwer verletzten Kindern ist vermutlich für viele Mitarbeitende eine besondere Tätigkeit. Dieses gilt nicht nur präklinisch am Notfall- oder Unfallort für die Mitarbeitenden des Rettungsdienstes, sondern auch an der Nahtstelle von der präklinischen zur klinischen Versorgung: in der Notaufnahme und im Schockraum. Dieser CNE Schwerpunkt widmet sich diesem spannenden Handlungsfeld. Die Grundlagen sind hier unter anderen die AWMF S3-Leitlinie „Polytrauma/Schwerverletzten-Behandlung“ und der Vorabdruck des „Weißbuch Schwerverletztenversorgung“ der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Unfallchirurgie in der 3. Auflage von 2019.
Vorlesefähigkeiten von Eltern schulen
Authors: Schmidtsdorf Paula , Tannen Antje
Published: December 2020

Vorlesen kann sich förderlich auf die Sprachentwicklung von Kindern auswirken. Deshalb sollten gerade Eltern ermutigt werden, ihren Kindern möglichst oft vorzulesen. Mithilfe von Elternanleitung kann das Vorlesen noch effektiver gestaltet werden. Im Folgenden werden Studien zur Verbesserung der Vorlesefähigkeiten von Eltern und deren Auswirkungen auf die sprachproduktiven Leistungen ihrer Kinder vorgestellt.
Verdauungsoptimierung – wie sich Ernährung und Mikrobiom gegenseitig beeinflussen
Authors: Bischoff Stephan C.
Published: December 2020

Die Nahrung beeinflusst die Darmbakterien dadurch, dass sie solche Bakterien zur Expansion stimuliert, welche die angebotenen Nahrungsbestandteile metabolisieren können. Umgekehrt helfen auf diese Weise die Darmbakterien, die Verdauung der Nahrung zu optimieren und die Energieaufnahme zu erhöhen. Somit wird das Darmmikrobiom vor allem durch die Ernährung reguliert, sie bestimmt die Zusammensetzung, die Funktion und die Diversität des Mikrobioms. In der Folge trägt das Darmmikrobiom dazu bei, die Energie- und Substratgewinnung aus der Nahrung zu optimieren. Dies ist bei drohender Mangelernährung von Vorteil, kann aber bei Nahrungsüberfluss und Adipositas nachteilig werden.
Rosmarinic Acid–Human Pharmacokinetics and Health Benefits
Authors: Hitl Maja , Kladar Nebojša , Gavarić Neda , Božin Biljana
Published: December 2020

Rosmarinic acid is a phenolic compound commonly found in the Lamiaceae (Labiateae) plant species. It is considered responsible for a wide spectrum of biological and pharmacological activities of plants containing this compound. The aim of the current review is to present the fate of rosmarinic acid inside the human body, explained through pharmacokinetic steps and to briefly present the health benefits of RA. Pharmacokinetics was at first studied in animal models, but several studies were conducted in humans as well. This compound can be applied topically, pulmonary, intranasally, and via intravenous infusion. However, peroral application is the main route of entry into the human body. Presumably, it is mainly metabolized by the gut microflora, providing simple, more easily absorbed phenolic units. Inside the body, the rosmarinic acid molecule undergoes structural changes, as well as conjugation reactions. Renal excretion represents the main path of elimination. Previously conducted studies reported no serious adverse effects of herbal remedies containing RA, as well as their positive effects on human health. In addition to in vitro studies, clinical investigations suggested its benefits in dermatological, allergic, and osteoarthritic disorders, as well as for improving cognitive performance and in metabolic syndrome treatment. Future studies should investigate the kinetics during long-term application in patients who would have potential benefits from RA usage. Pharmaceutical formulations designed to prevent the fast metabolism of RA and allow its penetration into other compartments of the human body are also interesting topics for future research.
Inhibition of Proinflammatory Cytokine Release by Flavones and Flavanones from the Leaves of Dracaena steudneri Engl.
Authors: Nchiozem-Ngnitedem Vaderament-A , Omosa Leonidah Kerubo , Bedane Kibrom Gebreheiwot , Derese Solomon , Spiteller Michael
Published: December 2020

The leaves of Dracaena steudneri yielded 6 new flavonoids–3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methyl-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavone (1), 5,7-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6-methyl-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavone (2), 3,5,7-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavone (3), (2S,3S)-3,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3′,4′-methylenedioxyflavanone (4), 4′,5,7-trihydroxy-3,3′,8-trimethoxy-6-methylflavone (5), (2R) 7-hydroxy-2′,8-dimethoxyflavanone (6)–together with 13 known congeners. Their structures were established using spectroscopic and spectrometric methods including NMR, CD, and HRMSn measurements. The compounds were evaluated for their anti-inflammatory potential through measurement of the levels of cytokines IL-1β, IL-2, GM-CSF, and TNF-α in the supernatant of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated by lipopolysaccharide. Flavones derivatives 1–4 with a C-3′/4′ methylenedioxy substituent led to a substantial increase in the production of IL-1β and GM-CSF out of 4 pro-inflammatory cytokines relative to LPS control. Quercetin derivatives 5, 11, and 13 with a hydroxyl group at C-4′ inhibited the production of IL-2, GM-CSF, and TNF-α. The presence of a C-2/C-3 double bond in 14 was pivotal to the significantly stronger (0.4 to 27.5% of LPS control) inhibitory effect compared to its dihydro derivative 8 (36.2 to 262.7% of LPS control) against all tested cytokines. It is important to note that the inhibitory activity of 14 was substantially higher than that of the standard drug used, ibuprofen.
Pathophysiology of Cerebral Edema—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Dalby Tara , Wohl Elyana , Dinsmore Michael , Unger Zoe , Chowdhury Tumul , Venkatraghavan Lakshmikumar
Published: December 2020

Cerebral edema is a condition where an excess of cerebral water accumulates due to primary neurological or non-neurological causes. Cerebral edema complicates many brain pathologies causing additional injury often in excess of the original neurological insult. Classic descriptions divide cerebral edema into cytotoxic, vasogenic, interstitial, and osmotic subtypes. The interplay of different mechanisms is important in the clinical manifestations. Recent research has advanced our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema, exposing the central role of aquaporins and specific ion channels. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the molecular pathophysiology of cerebral edema including unique disease specific mechanisms.
A Review on Mode of Delivery during COVID-19 between December 2019 and April 2020
Authors: Debrabandere Margot L. , Farabaugh Dana C. , Giordano Carolyn
Published: December 2020

Objective This study aims to review the published literature to determine mode of delivery in pregnant women with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the indications reported for cesarean section early in the pandemic to add information to the current narrative and raise awareness of trends discovered.

Study Design A systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases for articles published between December 2019 and April 29, 2020 using a combination of the keywords such as COVID-19, coronavirus 2019, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), pregnancy, vaginal delivery, cesarean section, vertical transmission, management, and guidelines. Peer-reviewed case studies with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 women who delivered were included to determine mode of delivery, indications for cesarean section, and maternal and neonatal characteristics.

Results A review of 36 total articles revealed deliveries in 203 SARS-CoV-2 positive pregnant women. A comparable severity of disease in pregnant versus nonpregnant women was noted, as previously determined. Overall, 68.9% of women delivered via cesarean section, with COVID-19 status alone being a common indication. Maternal COVID-19 may also be associated with increased risk of preterm labor, although neonatal outcomes were generally favorable. Despite eight of 206 newborns testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, there remains no definitive evidence of vertical transmission.

Conclusion COVID-19 status alone became a common indication for cesarean delivery early in the pandemic, despite lack of evidence for vertical transmission. The increase in cesarean rate in this data may reflect obstetricians attempting to serve their patients in the best way possible given the current climate of constantly evolving guidelines on safest mode of delivery for the mother, infant, and provider. Upholding current recommendations from trusted organizations as new data are published, while also providing individualized support to expecting mothers on most appropriate mode of delivery, will reduce the amount of unnecessary, unplanned cesarean sections and could lessen the psychological impact of delivering during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Key Points
Low-power transimpedance amplifier for cryogenic integration with quantum devices
Authors: Le Guevel L. , Billiot G. , Cardoso Paz B. , Tagliaferri M. L. V. , De Franceschi S. , Maurand R. , Cassé M. , Zurita M. , Sanquer M. , Vinet M. , Jehl X. , Jansen A. G. M. , Pillonnet G.
Published: December 2020

The development of quantum electronic devices operating below a few Kelvin degrees is raising the demand for cryogenic complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor electronics (CMOS) to be used as in situ classical control/readout circuitry. Having a minimal spatial separation between quantum and classical hardware is necessary to limit the electrical wiring to room temperature and the associated heat load and parasitic capacitances. Here, we report prototypical demonstrations of hybrid circuits combining silicon quantum dot devices and a classical transimpedance amplifier, which is characterized and then used to measure the current through the quantum dots. The two devices are positioned next to each other at 4.2 K to assess the use of the cryogenic transimpedance amplifier with respect to a room-temperature transimpedance amplifier. A quantum device built on the same substrate as the transimpedance amplifier is characterized down to 10 mK. The transimpedance amplifier is based on commercial 28 nm fully depleted Silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) CMOS. It consists of a two-stage Miller-compensated operational amplifier with a 10 MΩ polysilicon feedback resistor, yielding a gain of 1.1×107 V/A. We show that the transimpedance amplifier operates at 10 mK with only 1 μW of power consumption, low enough to prevent heating. It exhibits linear response up to ±40 nA and a measurement bandwidth of 2.6 kHz, which could be extended to about 200 kHz by design optimization. The realization of custom-made electronics in FDSOI technology for cryogenic operation at any temperature will improve measurement speed and quality inside cryostats with higher bandwidth, lower noise, and higher signal-to-noise ratio.
Precise wavelength measurements of potassium He- and Li-like satellites emitted from the laser plasma of a mineral target
Authors: Ryazantsev S. N. , Skobelev I. Yu. , Filippov E. D. , Martynenko A. S. , Mishchenko M. D. , Krůs M. , Renner O. , Pikuz S. A.
Published: December 2020

Atomic models of high-Z multicharged ions are extremely complex and require experimental validation. One way to do so is to crosscheck the predicted wavelengths of resonance transitions in He- and Li-like ions against precise spectroscopic measurements that use the spectral lines of H-like ions for spectra calibration; these reference data can be modeled with outstanding precision. However, for elements with Z of at least 15, it is quite difficult to create a hot dense plasma with a large concentration of H-like charge states. To mitigate this issue, the suggestion here is to use as laser targets particular minerals comprising elements with moderate (between 15 and 30) and low (less than 15) Z, with emission from the latter delivering perfect reference lines over a whole range of He- and Li-like moderate-Z emission under examination. This approach is implemented to measure the wavelengths of resonance transitions (1snp → 1s2 for n = 2, 3) in He-like K ions and their dielectronic satellites by irradiating plates of orthoclase (KAlSi3O8) with 0.5-kJ subnanosecond laser pulses. X-ray spectra of the laser-generated plasma contain the investigated lines of highly charged K ions together with precisely known reference lines of H-like Al and Si atoms. The K-shell spectral line wavelengths are measured with a precision of around 0.3 mÅ.
A computational search for wurtzite-structured ferroelectrics with low coercive voltages
Authors: Moriwake Hiroki , Yokoi Rie , Taguchi Ayako , Ogawa Takafumi , Fisher Craig A. J. , Kuwabara Akihide , Sato Yukio , Shimizu Takao , Hamasaki Yosuke , Takashima Hiroshi , Itoh Mitsuru
Published: December 2020

Ferroelectricity has recently been observed in wurtzite-structured Sc-doped AlN thin films, five years after our initial prediction of ferroelectricity in wurtzite compounds based on first-principles calculations. The thin films exhibited a much higher coercive voltage (3 MV/cm) than that of conventional perovskite-structured ferroelectric material PbTiO3, however, making it difficult to switch the films’ polarity and limiting their practical application. To identify tetrahedral ferroelectric materials with low coercive voltages, we have carried out a wider exploration of candidate binary compounds, from halides to chalcogenides to pnictogenides, using first-principles methods. The overall trend is for polarization switching barriers to decrease with decreasing anion-to-cation radius ratio, with the lowest barriers found in monovalent compounds such as the copper and silver halides; e.g., CuCl is calculated to have a switching barrier of 0.17 eV/f.u. and that of AgI is 0.22 eV/f.u., values similar in magnitude to that of PbTiO3 (0.20 eV/f.u.). Applying an epitaxial tensile strain to the basal plane is also effective for lowering the potential barrier further, with barriers in both AgI and CuCl decreasing to 0.04 eV/f.u. when a 5% in-plane expansion is applied. The results suggest that tetrahedral ferroelectrics with moderate coercive voltages (below 100 kV/cm) should be achievable.