bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La politique commerciale commune européenne, les tensions mondiales des années 1970 et la détente française en Roumanie: des dynamiques aux effets contradictoires?
Authors: BOUILLON Pierre
Published: July 2020

The policy of trade liberalization led by the EEC and by France towards a state-trading country like Romania proved to be a specific issue with regard to the implementation of the European common trade policy. It was all the more complicated than the economic environment worsened from 1973 onwards and that protectionist measures became a more and more accurate danger. As a consequence, the goals of Romania, those of the European Commission and those of France interacted with each other in a complicated way. Moreover, that interaction evolved over the years as the French policy itself evolved regarding the processes it supported, namely the European construction in the West and the Détente towards the East. French diplomacy changed indeed in accordance with the new frame that was put in place inside the EEC. It was however confronted with several discrepancies between those two processes it wanted to link together.
The Saar Question as a European Problem From the Trade Union’s Perspective
Authors: CRAMM Severin
Published: July 2020

The Saar region did not immediately become part of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, but was gradually given the status of a semi-protectorate of France from 1947 onwards. The region's high-quality coal and the iron and steel industries were supposed both to help the reconstruction of France and to weaken German industry by being withdrawn of its control. The region was economically and politically closely tied to France; freedom of opinion and of the press for those who advocated annexation to the FRG were restricted. This happened at the same time when Franco- German reconciliation and the beginning of European integration were seen as a sign of a settlement between Germany and France. The Saar issue thus became a regional problem for European integration. In the absence of political opposition, the trade unions of the Saarland became the voice of the critical population and became victims of state persecution. The article highlights the role of the Saarland, German and international trade unions, which therefore proved to be important mediators in the conflict over the future of the Saar region.
Regards croisés et contacts entre syndicalistes français et allemands (1945-1962)
Authors: SCHIRMANN Sylvain
Published: July 2020

The animosity which often prevails among French and German trade unionists in the wake of World War I disappears in the aftermath of the Second conflict. The meetings are more numerous, certain positions converge and the demands related to specific workforces often meet. Despite this, the two union worlds find it hard to understand each other. French and German union models seek to adapt to the evolution of capitalism. Undeniably German trade unionism seems to have better coped with this transformation. His weight, influence and co-management allowed him to achieve the highest standard of living for German labour forces, and gave them often better social protection in comparison with their French or British counterparts. Divided, folded over ideological identities and marked by the strategies of confrontation, French trade unionism has obviously greater difficulties. Favourable developments can be seen, however. The number of union members for instance is increasing and innovative thinking is emerging. European integration represents a challenge for these organizations, even if most of the organizations are in favour of it. It obliges trade unionists (as well as politicians, senior civil servants etc.) to take new approaches. Due to the contacts generated between French and German unionists, this period 1945-1962 prepares the two major developments of trade unionism during the next decade: the birth of a European trade unions’ confederation and that of the first Interregional Trade Union Council on Lorraine, Saarland and Luxembourg-level. Contacts and crossed views between French and German trade unionists were thus essential to establish a Europe of trade unions.
The Cytotoxicity of the Chloroform and Petroleum Ether Fractional Extracts of Galium verum L. in HepG2 and HT29 Cell Lines
Authors: Pashapour Sanaz , Heshmati Masoumeh , Mousavi Zahra , Esmaeili Somayeh
Published: July 2020

Background: Studies on the fractional extracts of Galium verum L. have confirmed their cytotoxicity and anticancer effects on various cancer cell lines. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of Galium verum extracts on liver and colon cancer cell lines. Methods: Colon cancer (HT29) and liver (HepG2) cell lines were randomly divided into the test and control groups and exposed to 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.125 µg/mL of the extract. MTT assay was used to evaluate the viability of the cells, and the groups were compared in the GraphPad Prism software using Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results: The chloroform fractional extract of Galium verum exerted cytotoxic effects on HT29 at the concentrations of 100 and 50 µg/mL and increased the cell viability of HepG2 cancer cells. On the other hand, the fraction of petroleum ether had cytotoxic effects on HT29 at all the determined concentrations, as well as on HepG2 at the concentration of 3.125 µg/mL. In addition, the treatment of HT29 with various concentrations of the petroleum ether fractional extract and HepG2 treatment with the same extract at the concentration of 3.125 µg/mL significantly decreased cell viability compared to the control group. The IC50 concentration was determined at > 100 µg/mL. Conclusions: According to the results, the fractional extract of petroleum ether had cytotoxic effects on HT29 cancer cells at all the concentrations, while it affected HepG2 cancer cells only at the concentration of 3.125 µg/mL.
Semblanza de Manuel García Pelayo
Authors: Aragón Reyes Manuel
Published: July 2020

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Las transformaciones de la democracia contemporánea y el pensamiento de Manuel García-Pelayo
Authors: Miguel Bárcena Josu de
Published: July 2020

En el presente trabajo se analiza el concepto de democracia constitucional en el pensamiento de Manuel García – Pelayo. Para ello, se aborda el contenido y la actualidad de una de sus obras más importantes, Las transformaciones del Estado contemporáneo. Para García – Pelayo, las características dominantes de la democracia fundada por el Estado del bienestar, son el peso de los intereses y el pluralismo constitucional, elementos que como intentaremos demostrar en nuestro estudio, permanecen inalterables en las propuestas participativas realizadas por la teoría liberal de la gobernanza
Consideraciones en torno al recursos de interpretación constitucional
Authors: Figueruelo Angela
Published: July 2020

La Constitución de la Republica Bolivariana de Venezuela, del año 1999, reconoció su carácter de norma suprema y creó una Sala Constitucional en el Tribunal Supremo de Justicia con el objeto de que ejerza la jurisdicción constitucional en un modelo donde conviven elementos del modelo concentrado y del modelo difuso de defensa de la Constitución. El citado órgano jurisdiccional, en la sentencia 1077, creó una nueva competencia que denominó «recurso autónomo de interpretación de la Constitución», mediante el cual interpreta de forma abstracta las normas constitucionales al margen de problemas concretos que vinculen dicha interpretación. La Sala Constitucional demuestra en su interpretación jurídica que no le ha sido atribuida una competencia como la ejercitada y funda su actuación en la existencia en el ámbito de la jurisdicción ordinaria de un recurso de interpretación de leyes (art. 266 de la CB) que, operando «per saltum», hace aconsejable la existencia de un recurso de interpretación constitucional (art. 335 de la C.B). La sentencia en cuestión nos aproxima al estudio de los principales problemas que actualmente tiene planteados la interpretación de la Constitución y al tema de los límites a la actuación del supremo intérprete constitucional, quien puede invadir con sus resoluciones el ámbito de actuación de los poderes constituidos
La Unión Europea y el proceso de revisión constitucional en Francia (1992-2008)
Authors: Perez Ayala Andoni
Published: July 2020

Se estudia en este trabajo el intenso proceso de revisión constitucional que ha tenido lugar en Francia desde los comienzos de la pasada década (1992) como consecuencia del desarrollo del proceso de integración europea en este último periodo. Se examinan, en particular, las siete revisiones constitucionales que, entre 1992 y 2008, se han sucedido en el país vecino con el fin de hacer compatible la Constitución francesa con el nuevo marco supraestatal europeo que vienen definiendo los sucesivos Tratados de la Unión Europea
Hermann Heller marcha al exilio : un ensayo de teoría del pensamiento político y constitucional
Authors: Ruipérez Javier
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo, escrito en honor de García Pelayo, trata de poner de
manifiesto los motivos que condujeron a Hermann Heller a no volver
a la República alemana, haciéndolo desde la perspectiva del pensamiento
político-constitucional. Estos motivos pueden ser encuadrados
en dos grandes bloques. El primero, de carácter objetivo, se concreta
en la destrucción del régimen constitucional y del sistema democrático-
parlamentario, creado por el texto de 1919 que habría de producirse
con el acceso del nazismo al poder. El segundo haría referencia a
la situación personal de Heller en el marco de la dictadura Hitleriana,
y que puede definirse como la de «enemigo total» del régimen
Elementos de la ideología constitucionalista y su difícil recepción en España
Authors: Torres del Moral Antonio
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo, que se inicia con una breve referencia a los principios del
movimiento constitucionalista, quiere destacar el inicio del constitucionalismo
en España y sus caracteres. Explica por qué debe cifrarse en
la Constitución de 1812 y no en el texto de Bayona de 1808. Y señala
que, entre los caracteres deben ser reseñados su discontinuidad, su
falseamiento y su superficialidad. A este respecto, tercia en la polémica
sobre la existencia o no de una revolución burguesa en España. Finalmente
analiza el fenómeno juntista, que se aprecia en España tanto
en el siglo XIX como en el XX, y la proyección de la Constitución de
1812 en Europa, de cuyo liberalismo fue bandera
Cuantificación de carga interna del entrenamiento en jugadores profesionales de fútbol sala
Authors: Ibáñez Pérez R. J. , Huerta López G. , Juan Meroño A.
Published: July 2020

El objetivo era conocer las diferencias existentes de cómo afecta la intensidad del entrenamiento a jugadores profesionales de Fútbol Sala, atendiendo a la posición ocupada en el terreno de juego, y comparar los parámetros de frecuencia cardiaca entre entrenamientos y competición. La investigación se realizó al equipo Plásticos Romero Cartagena F.S., registrando las medias de frecuencia cardiaca máxima con pulsómetros y la recogida de la Percepción Subjetiva del Esfuerzo, a través de la escala de Borg. Los resultados obtenidos no mostraron diferencias significativas respecto a la carga cuantificada en las tres posiciones, además la carga interna se manifestó de forma más exigente en jugadores que ocupaban la posición de “Ala” y “Pívot”. Los parámetros de frecuencia cardiaca registrados en entrenamientos se encontraban muy distanciados de los datos de competición recogidos por otros estudios y la percepción subjetiva del esfuerzo se mostró como un método válido para la cuantificación de la carga.

The objective was to know the existing differences in how the intensity of training affects professional futsal players, taking into account the position occupied on the pitch, and compare the heart rate parameters between training and competition. The investigation was carried out to the Romero Cartagena F.S. Plastics team, recording the maximum heart rate means with heart rate monitors and the collection of the Subjective Perception of Effort, through the Borg scale. The results obtained did not show significant differences with respect to the quantified load in the three positions, in addition the internal load manifested itself in a more demanding way in players who occupied the position of “Wing” and “Pivot”. The heart rate parameters recorded in training were very distant from the competition data collected by other studies and the subjective perception of effort was shown as a valid method for the quantification of the load.
Entrenamiento de balonmano en las categorías junior y senior: diferencias y similitudes
Authors: Pombo Menezes R. , Longarela Pérez B. , Rafaela Galatti L.
Published: July 2020

Entrenadores de balonmano buscan el desarrollo de diferentes capacidades de los jugadores, a través de diferentes métodos de enseñanza. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar las diferencias y similitudes metodológicas en el proceso de entrenamiento de las categorías júnior y sénior. Se entrevistaron seis entrenadores de balonmano y las entrevistas fueron analizadas con el método Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo. Los entrenadores mencionaron características similares en las categorías: el aumento de la especificidad y la obtención de resultados a partir de la categoría júnior; y como principales diferencias: las experiencias competitivas y la búsqueda de resultados. Los entrenadores señalaron que utilizan métodos de enseñanza similares en ambas categorías, principalmente por entrenaren en conjunto y por la necesidad de obtener resultados. Aunque los entrenadores creen que es necesario que las jugadoras tengan más experiencias relacionadas con el ambiente competitivo, hay un reconocimiento hacia los contenidos con los que tuvieron contacto durante la formación deportiva.

Handball coaches aim to develop different players’ skills, using different teaching approaches. The aim of this work was to identify the differences and methodological proximity between the junior and adult teams of women's handball. Six handball coaches were interviewed and the speeches were analyzed using the Collective Subject Discourse method. The coaches mentioned similar characteristics of both teams, and point out the increase in specificity and results collection from the junior team; and the main differences between these teams are related to the competitive experiences and the magnitude of the results charged. Coaches have been using similar teaching approaches mainly because the integration between the teams and the search for expressive results in competitions. Although coaches believe that there is a need for more competitive experiences for women players, there is a charge for the content with which they are supposed to have contact throughout their entire training process.
Modeling ratios of phenotypic classes in wheat hybrids of introgressive origin for glume color trait
Authors: Antonyuk M. Z. , Iefimenko T. S. , Navalikhina A. G. , Ternovska T. K.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Develop inheritance model for glume color in hybrid generations considering introgressive origin of crossing components. Methods. Phenotypic assessment of the trait, cytological study of chromosome conjugation in meiosis, methods determining statistical significance of the results. Results. Twelve cross combinations of wheat introgressive with one another and with recurrent genotype Aurora were studied. Selected for the crosses introgressive lines had contrasting glume color trait. Characteristics of wheat introgressive lines and its hybrids which would be important in hybrid analysis for the development of the inheritance model were identified. Genetic analysis of the introgressive lines was done as for the number of glume color genes for which lines differed from one another and from the Aurora genotype. Conclusions. In case the critical gene in localized in a chromosome that do not conjugate with hom(e)olog of the cross partner, F1 hybrids developed with introgressive lines form gametes and zygotes with frequencies differing from theoretically expected for the cross of homozygous lines.

Keywords: wheat introgression lines, Aegilops, glume colour, aneuploidy gametes and zygotes, meiotic drive.
Genomic biotechnology of assessment and selection of linseed breeding material
Authors: Lemesh V. A. , Bogdanova M. V. , Andronyk E. L. , Golub I. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of this study was to develop of genomic biotechnology for the assessment and selection of the linssed breeding material by a complex of genes controlling the ratio of fatty acids in seeds oil to the creation of a new linseed variety. Methods. Breeding studies were combined with molecular-genetic studies. Results. We developed the genomic biotechnology to detect the mutant alleles of linseed fad3A and fad3B genes responsible for reduced α-linolenic acid levels in linseed oil. Using this biotechnology, it was possible to classify plants as homozygous mutant, homozygous wild type, or heterozygous at fad3A and fad3B loci, that can be used to breed new linseed varieties of food or industrial quality. Conclusions. By results of 3-year molecular-genetic and breeding studies the variety "Dar" was created with using the developed genomic biotechnology of an assessment and selection of linseed breeding material by a complex of the genes controlling the ratio of fatty acids in seeds oil.Keywords: linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.), α-linolenic acid, fatty acid desaturase, fad3 genes.
Choice lines of Drosophila melanogaster with reporter system sensitive to low doses of mutagens
Authors: Yasinskyi Ya. S. , Omelianchuk L. V. , Zhuk O. V. , Kozeretska I. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. There are many methods of assessment of mutagens, but the effects of low-dose mutagens have been overlooked. In this study we try to select lines of Drosophila melanogaster with high-sensitive to mutagen reporter gene. We used D. melanogaster lines with enhancer trap P {lacW} which produces beta-galactosidase gene in response to activation induced reparation. Methods. Ionizing radiation in dose of 100 roentgens were used as a mutagen. We extracted salivary glands of the third instar of the fruit fly larvae. The sample was fixed with 0.75 % glutaraldehyde and stained by 12-hour incubation with 0.2 % X-Gal at 37°C. Activity of the reporter gene was determined by microscope. Results. Two of the three lines are not shown according to the activation of the reporter gene from the resulting dose of ionizing radiation. In line y [1] w [67c23]; P {w [+ mC] = lacW} mus209 [k00704] / CyO (#10361) activation of the reporter gene occurred in some nuclei salivary gland after radiation. Conclusions. The reporter gene P{lacW} may be used for the detection of small doses of mutagens. Larvae of line #10361 has reporter gene activation in response to ionizing radiation.

Keywords: mutagenic factors, Drosophila melanogaster, LacZ reporter, radiation.
Comparative analysis of productive potential and fatty acid composition of oil from seeds of spring and winter turnip rape as perspective source for production of diesel biofuel compounds
Authors: Blume R. Ya. , Lantukh G. V. , Yemets A. I. , Rakhmetova S. O. , Rakhmetov D. B. , Blume Ya. B.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Main aim of this research was a comparison of fatty acid composition for seed oils from of turnip rape breeding forms and varieties produced in M.M. Gryshko Natl. Botanical Garden of Natl. Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Methods. Biochemical analysis of oil content as well as chromatographic analysis of fatty acid composition of mentioned above turnip rape genotypes were conducted out. Results. Oil content in seeds of spring (Brassica campestris f. annua D.C.) and winter (B. campestris f. biennis D.C.) turnip rape forms and varieties was determined. The highest oil content was indicated for winter variety Oriana – 38.1 %. Basing on chromatographic analysis indicated two types of fatty acid composition: high-erucic with content of 22:1 fatty acid up to 42.8 % and high-oleic with content of 18:1 fatty acid up to 46.92 %. Conclusions. Taking in account results of chromatographic analysis and agronomic productivity the best genotypes for biodiesel production were identified: winter variety Oriana and spring form EOSYaF-1. Chosen genotypes could be used for production of two different types of this biofuel – “light” and “heavy”, – according to difference in fatty acid composition.Keywords: Brassicaceae, turnip rape, spring varieties, winter vatieties, oil, fatty acids, composition, biodiesel.
Use of chornobyl mutants’ genetic instability in breeding process of Triticum aestivum. L. for adaptability
Authors: Burdeniuk-Tarasevych A. L.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The results of 30-year-long study of T. aestivum L. winter wheat hereditary changes that took place in result of radiation exposure in the fields near the destroyed Chernobyl reactor during two year period (1986–1987) were provided. Methods. The modified forms of plants were cultivated by pedigree method for 30 years. Results. The following types of mutations were found: 1) morphological – ear, spikelet’s, stems, leaves structure anomalies; 2) systemic that featured traits of other species – T. spelta (L); T. compactum (Host) and T. vavilovi (Tum. and Jakubz); 3) physiological growth and development mutations accompanied by hormonal systems changes, sterile flowers, early and late ma-turing; dwarfness and height change; 4) mutations of stress resistance, improved winter hardiness, drought tolerance and resistance to diseases. Conclusions. Mutations were genetically unstable and their range extended from generation to generation. Mutations on high adaptability manifested themselves only under stressful environmental conditions. They were used as a starting material for varieties that were included into the State Register. This way Yasochka variety had increased drought tolerance and resistance to lodging; Lybid variety had increased resistance to ice crust; Tsarivna, Romantica and Lisova Pisnia varieties – high winter hardiness and drought tolerance; Vidrada – organic production suitability with resistance to main diseases and a superb baking qualities.

Keywords: variety, wheat, unstable mutagenesis, adaptability.
Comparison of groups of Triticum aestivum L. varieties of the Steppe and the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by markers for important genes
Authors: Sozinov I. O. , Kozub N. O. , Karelov A. V. , Pylypenko L. A. , Bidnyk H. Ya. , Demianova N. O. , Blume Ya. B. , Sozinov O. O.
Published: July 2020

Aim. The aim of the study was to compare diversity of groups of winter common wheat varieties of the Steppe and the Central Forest-Steppe of Ukraine by storage protein loci and some disease resistance genes and to reveal peculiarities of varieties released after 1995. Methods. SDS and APAG electrophoresis was used to identify genotypes at the Glu-1, Gli-1, and some minor gliadin loci. PCR analysis was employed to study alleles of the disease resistance genes Lr34/Yr18/Pm38/Sr57/Bdv1, Tsn1, Tsc2, TDF_076_2D, and Cre-8. Results. Significant differences in frequencies of alleles at most marker loci were revealed. Nonrandom associations between disease resistance gene alleles as well as storage protein alleles were detected. Conclusions. The retention of a set of predominant alleles of a certain zone in different periods of breeding was confirmed. The appearance of new allele associations in the groups of varieties of the Steppe (in particular Gli-A1g and Glu-B1al) and the Central Forest-Steppe (1AL/1RS and Glu-B1d) in the last two decades was noted.

Keywords: Triticum aestivum L., varieties, storage proteins, resistance genes, alleles.
Microsatellite locus Ame17 polymorphism for round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) from Northwest Black Sea region
Authors: Mishchuk Ya. M. , Serga S. V. , Radionov D. B. , Zamorov V. V. , Chuiko V. Yu. , Chebotar S. V. , Kozeretska I. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To identify the Ame17 polymorphic variants for round goby Neogobius melanostomus from Northwest Black Sea region. Methods. We determined polymorphism for 102 individuals of round goby. Genotyping was performed by PCR-analysis of Ame17 as described by Brown et al., 2008. The PCR-amplified DNA products were subjected to electrophoresis in 8 % polyacrylamide gel. Results. There have been identified 23 alleles. The range of repeat sizes was from 140 to 300 bp. The average heterozygosity was 0.76. Conclusions. There have been analyzed polymorphisms of Ame17 microsatellite locus for round goby from Northwest Black Sea region. The highest genetic diversity at Ame17 locus was observed for fish from the Gulf of Odessa. In terms of heterozygosity subpopulation of round goby from Bay Dzharylgach was significantly different from other localities.

Keywords: round goby, polymorphism, microsatellite loci, Ame17.
The combining ability of poltava meat and welsh pigs breed combination
Authors: Tsereniuk O. M. , Akimov O. V. , Chalyi O. I. , Chereuta Yu. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. Poltava Meat and Welsh pigs breed reciprocal crossing combination ability study. Methods. The combination ability evaluation method, the method of incomplete diallel crossing. The traditional methods of pigs general and specific combining ability effects estimation. Results. The Rosinka family sows were characterized by positive values of general combining ability, except the prolificacy rate. The Bystra family sows by the multiple pregnancy and milk production indexes had positive values of general combining ability, but by a nest weight at a birth and weaning – negative. For the Vorskla family sows the positive indexes of general combining ability were identified for a nest weight at a birth only, for the rest indexes – the negative value of general combining ability were installed. The Rosinka family sows had the positive value of specific combining ability for all maternal productivity indxes. The Bystra family sows were characterized by positive value of specific combining ability only for a nest weight at a birth and milk production indexes. The Vorskla family sows by the all maternal productivity indexes had negative specific combining values. Conclusions. For complex reproductive ability indexes for various lines and families combinations the highest positive effect of specific combining values was obtained for Rosinka family sows combinations of Poltava meat breed with the Welsh breed boars.

Keywords: pigs, Welsh breed, Poltava Meat breed, reproductive ability, combining ability.
Genetic profiling of pathogenic for apple tree Erwinia sp. strains
Authors: Dankevych L. A.
Published: July 2020

Aim. It is known, that significant damage to pome fruit causing representatives of phylogenetically closely related species Erwinia amylovora, E. pyrifoliae, E. piriflorinigrans, E. uzenensis. That is why, for their correct identification using molecular genetic techniques, including REP-PCR, which can not only correctly identify the pathogen, and evaluate the heterogeneity of its population. In this regard, the aim of our research was genome fingerprinting of isolated strains and typical Erwinia amylovora UCM B 1095T strain, using REP-PCR, for their correct taxonomy at the species level. Methods. Genetic profiling of isolated Erwinia sp. strains and the typical Erwinia amylovora B 1095T strain carried out by REP-PCR. Results. As a result of REP-PCR analysis revealed a significant relationship of isolated Erwinia sp. strains and the typical Erwinia amylovora UCM B 1095T strain. Conclusions. As a result, BOX, REP and ERIC profiling set low genetic heterogeneity of isolated Erwinia sp. strains and their great affinity with the typical Erwinia amylovora UCM B 1095T strain.

Keywords: REP-PCR, isolated Erwinia sp. strains, Erwinia amylovora, pome fruit culture.
Molecular genetics for sports medicine
Authors: Mosse I. B. , Kilchevskyi A. V. , Morozyk P. M. , Honchar A. L. , Zhur K. V.
Published: July 2020

Aim. To develop and test a molecular-genetic technology for evaluation of a genetic predisposition to thrombogenic diseases, bone fractures and emotional disruptions resulting from physical and emotional loads. Methods. Molecular genetic analysis was carried out by PCR. Polymorphisms of F2 and F5 genes were analyzed to assess the risk of thrombus formation. Polymorphisms of VDR, COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes were analyzed to determine a bone fracture risk. Genetic stress resistance was identified by genes of dopaminergic system (DRD2, DRD4) and serotoninergic system (HTR2A, 5-HTTVNTR and 5-HTTLPR). The HADS, Maslach and Boyko psychological tests were used. Results. It was revealed that 4.3 % of the tested athletes are carriers of Leiden mutation and 2.2 % – of prothrombin gene mutation. It was shown that polymorphisms ApaI and BsmI of VDR gene are the most informative for bone fracture risk detection. Some variants and combinations of genes were shown to be the most informative for a stress-resistance identification. Conclusions. The technology for risk evaluation of different pathologies resulting from physical and emotional loads has been developed and tested.

Keywords: sport, stress-resistance, bone fractures, gene polymorphisms, PCR analysis.
Smoothed Analysis of the Minimum-Mean Cycle Canceling Algorithm and the Network Simplex Algorithm
Authors: Cornelissen Kamiel , Manthey Bodo
Published: July 2020

The minimum-cost flow (MCF) problem is a fundamental optimization problem with many applications and seems to be well understood.
Over the last half century many algorithms have been developed to solve the MCF problem, and these algorithms have varying worst-case bounds on their running time. However, these worst-case bounds are not always a good indication of the algorithms' performance in practice. The Network Simplex (NS) algorithm needs an exponential number of iterations for some instances, but it is among the best algorithms in practice and performs very well in experimental studies. On the other hand, the Minimum-Mean Cycle Canceling (MMCC) algorithm is strongly polynomial, but performs badly in experimental studies.

To explain these differences in performance in practice we apply the framework of smoothed analysis to NS and MMCC. We show an upper bound of $O(mn^2\log(n)\log(\phi))$ for the number of iterations of the MMCC algorithm. Here, $n$ is the number of nodes, $m$ is the number of edges, and $\phi$ is a parameter limiting the degree to which the edge costs are perturbed. We also show a lower bound of $\Omega(m\log(\phi))$ for the number of iterations of the MMCC algorithm, which can be strengthened to $\Omega(mn)$ when $\phi=\Theta(n^2)$. For the number of iterations of the NS algorithm we show a smoothed lower bound of $\Omega(m \cdot \min \{ n, \phi \} \cdot \phi)$.
IN SEARCH FOR ETHICAL RELATIONS IN SOCIAL WORK WITH REFUGEES COMMUNITIES: REFLECTIONS ON THE SYRIAN REFUGEE “CRISIS”
Authors: Nobe-Ghelani Chizuru , Ngo Anh
Published: July 2020

For this conceptually oriented paper, we examine the politics of Canadian humanitarianism in refugee resettlement and its relationships to everyday social work practice with refugees. We argue that Canada’s refugee resettlement efforts have functioned to construct a particular refugee identity while confirming itself as a humanitarian nation-state. This constitutive identity construction of refugee and Canada have effectively concealed Canada’s historical and ongoing settler colonial violence, its complicity in the Middle East conflict, as well as its racist refugee policy regime. We suggest that, despite the profession’s orientation towards social justice, social work has been complicit in these problematic identity constructions. As a profession shaped by a historical investment in whiteness, social work remains complicit in the Othering as long as we hold onto our identity as professional helpers. This paper discusses the possibility of disrupting the investment in whiteness as a way to create a condition for ethical engagement with refugee populations.
ALLIANCE THÉRAPEUTIQUE ET SERVICES DE PROTECTION DE LA JEUNESSE : POINTS DE VUE ET EXPÉRIENCES DE JEUNES ISSUS DE MINORITÉS ETHNOCULTURELLES ET DE LEURS INTERVENANTS
Authors: Saint-Jean Gary , Dufour Sarah
Published: July 2020

La surreprésentation de certains groupes de jeunes de minorités ethnoculturelles (MEC) dans le système de protection de la jeunesse est bien documentée au Québec. Parmi les solutions relevées pour y pallier, la relation intervenant-receveur de services a été identifiée comme un des meilleurs moteurs de changement. La présente étude qualitative phénoménologique vise à (1) comprendre davantage l’influence perçue de l’appartenance ethnoculturelle sur l’établissement de l’alliance thérapeutique entre des jeunes de MEC et leurs intervenants en protection; et (2) à comprendre, dans une perspective dyadique, les ressemblances, les différences, les points d’entente et les points de désaccord dans la dyade jeune-intervenant. Quinze jeunes de MEC âgés entre 12 et 17 ans et leurs treize intervenants ont été rencontrés lors d’entrevues semi-structurées. Les résultats permettent d’identifier des facteurs qui viennent influencer des paramètres de l’alliance de manière plus précise, notamment le lien affectif et l’accord sur les buts et les moyens. Ces influences semblent toutefois dépendre de l’importance relative du paramètre culturel dans la relation, mettant en lumière l’importance de l’évaluation préalable de cette dimension. Les implications pour la pratique clinique, la formation et la recherche sont discutées.
Evaluation of Teacher Digital Competence Frameworks Through Expert Judgement: the Use of the Expert Competence Coefficient
Authors: Cabero-Almenara Julio , Romero-Tena Rosalía , Palacios-Rodríguez Antonio
Published: July 2020

In this paper, different proposals made by national and international organizations and institutions on Teacher Digital Literacy are taken into account. The 7 most commonly used competence frameworks in international contexts are presented for evaluation through expert judgment. Next, the most suitable for the subsequent realization of a t-MOOC on Teacher Digital Literacy was selected. The selection of these experts was based on seven criteria that helped to establish the expert knowledge coefficient (EKC). This strategy served to obtain the viability of the selected sample. A total of 412 people, 155 experts and 257 non-experts participated in this study. After conducting the expert judgment, in a single round, it was concluded that the European Framework of Digital Competence for Teachers DigCompEdu is the most valued and adequate to be used as reference for the formative t-MOOC, followed by INTEF. This result is logical, since the latter is inspired by the former. These findings do not question the validity of the other competency frameworks, but the preferences granted by the judges.
Digital Competence: A Study from the Perspective of Pre-service Teachers in Turkey
Authors: Çebi Ayça , Reisoğlu İlknur
Published: July 2020

This study aims to know the opinions of pre-service teachers on their digital competence and to determine whether these opinions vary according to gender, branch and perceived level of digital competence. In this study, a cross-sectional survey model was used. In such a context, the study was conducted with 518 pre-service teachers who were studying in different provinces of Turkey. The study used a digital competence questionnaire as a data collection tool. When the results were evaluated, it can be said that the digital competence of pre-service teachers is moderate and that it varies significantly according to gender, branch and perceived level of digital competence. It is thought that the results of this study will guide the researchers as they reveal the needs of the pre-service teachers and contain information about what should be focused on the training or activities to be organized to meet these needs.
Assessment of Corporate Social Responsibility: The Case of Manufacturing Companies in Gurage Zone, Ethiopia
Authors: Gemechu Samuel , Fiseha Sintayehu , Yirga Minda
Published: July 2020

The overall objective of this study is to assess the practice of corporate social responsibility in the case of manufacturing companies in Gurage Zone. The data analysis was conducted based on 176 employees from sample manufacturing companies. Parametric (SPSS Version 20) and non parametric test (Friedman test) to test the concern of companies in Corporate Social Responsibility implementation towards environment, customer, community, employee, ethical & legal were conducted for analysis. Regarding the factors affects the implementation of corporation social responsibility (71.1%), (64.5%) and (61.2%) of the respondents agreed that government, awareness and media are the factors that can affect the implementation of CSR respectively. The majority, (67.8%) of the respondents said that the organization didn’t encourage employees to develop real skills and long term careers (via Performance Appraisal and Training & Development. The result shows that responsibility of the firms towards environment (55.3%) of the respondents disagree, (46.7%) of the respondents argue positively, (59.2%) of the respondents disagree, the majority of respondents (60.5%) disagree, (46.1%) of the respondents agree, majority of the respondents (62.5%) disagree about the participation of the firms in west reduction, recycling, energy conservation, reduction of water consumption, use environmentally friendly packaging, air pollutant respectively. Therefore, it recommended that the firms should set the direction and scope over the long term with regard to CSR, allowing them to be successful by using their resources within their unique environment to meet market needs and fulfill stakeholder expectations. It is therefore vitally important that the firms should have to design a good CSR strategy that is related with that of their business strategy.
Development of an Eco-material Based on Palmyra Aggregates
Authors: Doko Valéry K. , Chabi Edem , Hounkpè Sena Peace , Adjovi Edmond C.
Published: July 2020

This study is part of a project to develop a bio-based material meeting the criteria of sustainable development in the field of construction. A study was then made on a cement matrix composite reinforced by aggregates of Borassus aethopium mart (palmyra).

For this purpose, studies of cement compatibility with this plant aggregate, the physical, mechanical and thermal behavior of the concrete were performed for two granular compositions. The compatibility study revealed that palmyra aggregrates, although not previously treated, are compatible with Portland-limestone cement. The characterization tests focused on the mechanical properties of three-point flexural tensile strength and compressive strength and thermal properties such as effusivity, conductivity and diffusivity. The results obtained are promising: they have very good mechanical and thermal characteristics, considering its use in construction. The mechanical strengths reach 16.25 MPa for a density less than 1500 kg / m3. The thermal conductivity varies between 0.270 and 0.415. They can be used for the manufacture of panels used in the realization of suspended ceilings and tiles for the realization of roofs.
Physiological Evaluation of Different Rice Genotypes to Two Salinity Level during Seedling Stage under Hydroponic System
Authors: Lakshmi S. , Ravichandran V. , Arul L. , Surendar K. Krishna
Published: July 2020

Hydroponics study was conducted to screen eight rice genotypes (CO 51, ADT 53, ADT 37, IR 64, CO 43, ASD 16, Pokkali; TRY 3) under salinity stress on early seedling stage. Two Saline treatments (75 and 100 mM NaCl) were given at 15 days old seedling; observations were recorded at 10 days after salt stress. Results showed that shoot length, root length, total fresh and dry weight, shoot and root fresh weight, shoot and root dry weight and root- shoot ratio were reduced under saline conditions compared to control. Na+ ion Concentration and Na+/ k+ ratio was higher in saline treatments than control. However, K+ ion absorption decreased with increasing salinity level. Electrolyte leakage and osmotic potential had increasing trend with increasing level of salinity. In this study, rice genotypes Pokkali, TRY 3 and CO 43 perform as tolerant; CO 51, ADT 53 and ASD 16 perform as moderately tolerant; ADT 37 is susceptible and IR 64 is highly susceptible. This type of study is required to develop salt tolerant genotypes at salt stress during seedling stage; to increase the growth and yield of rice there by satisfy the need of country’s requirement.
Human Papilloma Virus Transmission: Knowledge and Uptake of HPV Vaccine among In-school Adolescent Girls in South-South Nigeria
Authors: Ojule I. N. , Anika I. E.
Published: July 2020

Background: HPV infection is the most common STI in sexually active adolescents. It has been implicated in majority of cases of cervical cancers. HPV is preventable. Potent Vaccines are available.

Objective: This study assessed what adolescents know about HPV infection and HPV vaccination, their attitude and uptake of HPV vaccine. This was also to raise awareness and obtain data that will be useful in identifying where to intervene to improve coverage.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in Rivers State, Nigeria. Study tool was a semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit adolescent girls from secondary schools.

Results: 445 in-school adolescent girls aged 9 to 19 years participated. Mean age was 13.4 SD = ±2.2 years. 36.6% and 36.8% had heard of HPV infection and HPV vaccine respectively. Only 3.1% of the participants knew HPV could be prevented through vaccination. 71.7% indicated willingness to obtain the vaccine. Only 3.6% self reported to have received at least one dose of the vaccine at the time of the survey. Uptake of HPV vaccine (P=0.00), willingness to be vaccinated (P=0.005) highest among adolescents that had heard of HPV vaccine and those who perceived themselves to be at risk for HPV infection (P=0.005). Insufficient health information, cost of HPV vaccines identified as key barriers to vaccines utilization.

Conclusion: Notwithstanding the low level of knowledge about HPV infection and HPV vaccines willingness to be vaccinated was high. Our study shows that uptake of vaccination is low in our locality.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Adoption of Good Agronomic Practices (GAP) among Cassava Farmers under Nigeria Agricultural Transformation Agenda
Authors: Omolehin R. A. , Akogun E. O. , Oyewole S. O.
Published: July 2020

This study investigated the adoption rate and factors influencing the adoption of cassava technologies among farmers under Nigeria Agricultural Transformation Agenda (ATA). A total of 60 participating cassava farmers were randomly selected through a multi-stage sampling approach. Data were collected with the aid of a well structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics and Tobit regression model. The results showed that the mean age of participating farmers under the program were about 47 years. On the issues of gender of the farmers, 75% and 25% of the cassava farmers were male and female respectively. Farmers have adequate access to extension education with average visits of 15 times per annum. It was observed that several technologies on cassava had been disseminated and promoted among farmers under ATASP-1 project. Higher adoption rate was observed among the farmers which hold good promise for increased productivity. Only few technologies such as mechanization, conservation of stem, record keeping and yields assessment had low rate of adoption rate. It was equally discovered that the adoption of cassava technologies were influenced by socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers such as age, gender and education of the respondents. The study recommends a continuous training on the use and benefit of the technologies to facilitate farmers’ understanding of the importance of these technologies as well as techniques behind their utilization with a view to sustaining adoption and productivity. Also, there is need to encourage women to participate in the project as well as encourage them to take up farming as a business
The Impact of Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty (Leap) on Its Beneficiaries in the Ga East Municipality in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana
Authors: Okoree Benzies Isaac Adu- , Sedegah Daniella Delali , Sakyi Olivia Emma
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study was to find the impact of Livelihood Empowerment against Poverty (LEAP) on its beneficiaries in the Ga East Municipality in the Greater Accra Region. The explorative and descriptive research designs were used in this study. Data was collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The multi-stage and snow ball sampling methods were used to select 90 respondents for the study. This study found that the program had captured more than 1,000 individuals from 207 households onto the LEAP program. Some of these beneficiaries had relatives who were indirectly benefiting from the amounts that they received every two months. It was also found that there were 300 additional relatives of the 90 respondents who were indirectly benefiting from the LEAP as they were either being taken care of or their fees were paid by the beneficiaries. The LEAP money was used by the beneficiaries for trading activities, paying the school fees of their children and the orphans who lived with them, and others used the money solely for feeding. It was concluded that the implementation of the LEAP in the Ga East Municipality had helped in improving the conditions of the beneficiaries even though few shortcomings like delays in payment of the LEAP money were encountered by the. The study recommends among others that officials of LEAP at the Municipal level should ensure that the beneficiaries get the information of their payment dates in time and subsequently get their LEAP money at the right time without any delay.
Value Chain Analysis of Wicker Willow in Kashmir
Authors: Rashid Mudasir , Saraf Sajad A. , Baba S. H. , Sofi P. A.
Published: July 2020

The present study was carried out in four blocks, viz., Ganderbal, Sherpathri, Lar and Kangan of Ganderbal district of Kashmir valley, owing to the presence of majority of wicker willow cultivators and handicraft makers in the district. A total number of 120 respondents were selected for the study. A well-structured interview schedule was constructed for the collection of primary data from the respondents. Data derived from the respondents were analyzed by using both descriptive and inferential statistics. Three main varieties of wicker willow species were determined in the study area, i.e., Salix triandra, Salix dickymat and Salix viminalis, with Salix triandra being the most prominent among the three as almost 53.33% of the respondents were cultivating this particular specie of wicker willow. From the study, it was concluded that the main wicker willow handicrafts made in district Ganderbal were tokris, dry-fruit bowls, round cups, decorative ducks, buckets, chapatis, kangris, etc. Mainly two marketing channels were being followed in the marketing of wicker handicrafts. In the first channel, the wicker handicraft moved from producer to consumer through wholesaler and retailer. In the second channel, the wicker handicraft moved from producer to consumer through retailer only. Out of the two marketing channels, channel 2nd was found out to be more suitable and profitable than channel Ist as far the marketing efficiency, price spread and producer’s share in consumer’s rupee were concerned. One of the main constraints faced in marketing of these handicrafts was the limited marketing facilities followed by the influence of wholesalers and retailers and others.