bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asymptotic behavior of the electron-atom Compton profile due to the intramolecular H-atom motion in H2
Authors: Onitsuka Yuuki , Tachibana Yuichi , Takahashi Masahiko
Published: July 2022

How to look at the intramolecular motion of an atom – a result of the asymptotic behavior of the electron-atom Compton profile.
Layered double hydroxide-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications
Authors: Hu Tingting , Gu Zi , Williams Gareth R. , Strimaite Margarita , Zha Jiajia , Zhou Zhan , Zhang Xingcai , Tan Chaoliang , Liang Ruizheng
Published: July 2022

This review summarizes the recent advances in layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based nanomaterials for biomedical applications including drug/gene delivery, bioimaging diagnosis, cancer therapy, biosensing, tissue engineering, and anti-bacteria.
A silicon particle-based courier promotes melatonin-mediated seed tolerance to nickel toxicity in rice
Authors: Li Ruiqing , Zheng Wenyin , Yang Ruifang , Chen Junyu , Wang Huimei , Ma Liangyong , Zhang Huali
Published: July 2022

A porous silicon (pSi) particle-based courier could deliver melatonin (MT) into pregerminated seeds by seed priming, which serves as an environmentally-friendly and sustainable method to improve nickel stress tolerance.
Assessing the environmental benefit of palladium-based single-atom heterogeneous catalysts for Sonogashira coupling
Authors: Faust Akl D. , Poier D. , D'Angelo S. C. , Araújo T. P. , Tulus V. , Safonova O. V. , Mitchell S. , Marti R. , Guillén-Gosálbez G. , Pérez-Ramírez J.
Published: July 2022

We quantify through life cycle analysis the environmental benefits of replacing homogeneous with heterogeneous palladium catalysts in Sonogashira coupling and demonstrate the potential of single-atom catalysts (SAC) to lower the footprint.
Horseshoe lamination mixer (HLM) sets new standards in the production of monodisperse lipid nanoparticles
Authors: Erfle Peer , Riewe Juliane , Cai Songtao , Bunjes Heike , Dietzel Andreas
Published: July 2022

Central injection and repetitive Smale horseshoe transformation for antisolvent precipitation enable continuous production of monodisperse nanoparticles with sizes less than 50 nm, while preventing contact of lipid solution with channel walls.
Label-free 1D microfluidic dipstick counting of microbial colonies and bacteriophage plaques
Authors: Dönmez Sultan İlayda , Needs Sarah H. , Osborn Helen M. I. , Reis Nuno M. , Edwards Alexander D.
Published: July 2022

Miniaturised 1D liquid colony and plaque counting method. Counting viable bacterial cells and functional bacteriophage is fundamental to microbiology underpinning research, surveillance, biopharmaceuticals and diagnostics.
One-step synthesis of PdCu@Ti3C2 with high catalytic activity in the Suzuki–Miyaura coupling reaction
Authors: Zhu Dancheng , Zheng Kai , Qiao Jun , Xu Hao , Chen Chao , Zhang Pengfei , Shen Chao
Published: July 2022

Owing to their enhanced catalytic stability and cyclability, two-dimensional (2D) material-supported Pd-based bimetallic alloys have promising applications for catalytic reactions.
Highly efficient metal-free ethylenediamine-functionalized fullerene (EDA@C60) electrocatalytic system for enhanced hydrogen generation from hydrazine hydrate
Authors: Narwade Shankar S. , Mali Shivsharan M. , Tanwade Pratiksha D. , Chavan Parag P. , Munde Ajay V. , Sathe Bhaskar R.
Published: July 2022

Ethylenediamine functionalized C60 (EDA@C60) based electrocatalyst demonstrated for hydrazine oxidation and it shows more than double current density i.e. 20 mA cm−2 at an ultralow onset potential of 0.2 V vs. SCE with better stability over oxidized C60.
Regulable pyrrolic-N-doped carbon materials as an efficient electrocatalyst for selective O2 reduction to H2O2
Authors: Zhang Yunxian , Pang Yongyu , Xia Dong , Chai Guoliang
Published: July 2022

Metal-free nitrogen-doped carbon catalysts with pyrrolic-N as the active site were efficiently synthesized via a direct carbonization method, which exibited a high two-electron oxygen reduction reaction performance.
Photochemical synthesis of bimetallic CuNiSxquantum dots onto g-C3N4as a cocatalyst for high hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Xiaobo , Fan Huiqing , Wang Weijia , Zhang Mingchang , Al-Bahrani Mohammed , Ma Longtao
Published: July 2022

CuNiSxQDs were fabricated onto g-C3N4by photochemical deposition method. The small size can expose more active S sites on the edge and the introduction of Cu2+into NiSxcan slightly modulate the electronic structure of Ni and S centers, thus weakening the S–Hadsbonds.
Single-ion chelation strategy for synthesis of monodisperse Pd nanoparticles anchored in MOF-808 for highly efficient hydrogenation and cascade reactions
Authors: Zhao Ke , Zhang Le-Xi , Xu Heng , Liu Yi-Fei , Tang Bo , Bie Li-Jian
Published: July 2022

A single-ion chelation strategy was proposed to in-situ construction of a Pd-nano@MOF-808-Pza catalyst with high activity for various hydrogenation and cascade reactions (Pd-nano = Pd nanoparticle, Pza = 2,3-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid).
[tert-Butyl(diphenyl)silyl] trifluoromethanesulfonate acts as an effective additive for high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Zhou Hanxiao , Li Tianhui , Liu Wenjing , Guo Zhihao , Guo Yuxuan , Gao Jingjing , Qu Meizhen , Zhang Huan , Peng Gongchang
Published: July 2022

Lithium metal is an ideal anode to replace graphite because of its high theoretical specific capacity.
Functions and performance of ionic liquids in enhancing electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reactions: a comprehensive review
Authors: Chen Kang , Xu Bin , Shen Linyu , Shen Danhong , Li Minjie , Guo Liang-Hong
Published: July 2022

Ionic liquids play multi-functions in synthesizing catalysts for HER such as electrolytes/electrolyte additives, reaction solvents, precursors, single/dual ion sources, binders, or morphological structure/phase structure directing agents.
Polyimide-derived graphite barrier layer adhered to seed crystals to improve the quality of grown silicon carbide
Authors: Li Ming-Syuan , Tsai Mei-Hui , Wang Yan-Lin , Tseng I.-Hsiang , Ko Cheng-Jung , Huang Jun-Bin
Published: July 2022

A facial method was developed to in situ fabricate a graphite layer on a SiC seed crystal to reduce the formation of defects during the growth of SiC ingots.
A bis(silylene)pyridine pincer ligand can stabilize mononuclear manganese(0) complexes: facile access to isolable analogues of the elusive d7-Mn(CO)5radical
Authors: Kalra Shweta , Pividori Daniel , Fehn Dominik , Dai Chenshu , Dong Shicheng , Yao Shenglai , Zhu Jun , Meyer Karsten , Driess Matthias
Published: July 2022

An isolable bis(silylene)pyridine stabilized manganese(0) complex {κ3-[SiNSi]Mn(dmpe)}, isolobal to elusive Mn(CO)5radical has been synthesized and fully characterised.
A novel mixed ether-based electrolyte for lithium–sulfur batteries with Li anode protection by dual salts
Authors: Kong Xirui , Kong Yichen , Liao Xiaobin , Liu Sheng , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2022

The medium concentration electrolyte with lower-solvating-power ether solvents is more suitable for lithium–sulfur batteries.
Colloidal platinum nanoparticles dispersed by polyvinylpyrrolidone and poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) with high catalytic activity for hydrogen production based on formate decomposition
Authors: Matsubara Yasuo , Muroga Yumiko , Kuwata Masako , Amao Yutaka
Published: July 2022

Effective H2 production based on formate decomposition with colloidal platinum nanoparticles dispersed by polyvinylpyrrolidone and a cationic polymer, poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), is accomplished.
Distributed secure transmission for covert communication under multi‐user network
Authors: Huang Ying , Lei Jing
Published: July 2022

In order to counter the double attack with wardens and eavesdroppers in the practical scenario, a distributed transmission scheme with security and covertness is proposed, which combines coding techniques and transmission protocol. The covert message is encoded by rateless codes and transmitted embedded in normal frames. The security is based on the random essence of rateless coding, and the covertness is achieved by ignoring the error frames and maintaining the signal waveform. The inter‐collusion between multiple wardens and eavesdroppers greatly increases the potential security hazards, which is first discussed in this paper. The authors can counter the inter‐collusion attack by adjusting the ratio of covert frame transmission in the distributed transmission scheme with security and covertness. Compared with the related work, this paper has many advantages, such as good robustness, lower extra complexity, and the insurance of the performance for both normal message and covert message. The analysis and simulation results show that our distributed transmission scheme with security and covertness can achieve both covertness and security based on the effective design under the existing communication system.
Adaptive feedback connection with a single‐level feature for object detection
Authors: Ruan Zhongling , Cao Jianzhong , Wang Hao , Guo Huinan , Yang Xin
Published: July 2022

From the perspective of detector optimisation, detecting objects using only a one‐level feature cannot provide good performance for a wide range of scales. Various complex feature pyramidal structures address this problem using the divide‐and‐conquer strategy and multi‐scale feature fusion. However, this requires adding too many additional convolutional layers and fusion operations. To address the issue, a simple detection part is proposed, which includes three components, namely a one‐level feature map for detection, the encoder structure with feedback connection, and a decoupled head. The redesigned encoder and decoupled head can successfully address the performance decline caused by the one‐level feature‐based detection. Moreover, the proposed method can accelerate the convergence of the detector and achieve a faster inference time. Based on the optimised detection part, an adaptive feedback connection with a single‐level feature (AFS) is proposed for object detection. The experiments conducted on the MS COCO 2017 benchmark show that the proposed method can achieve comparable results with its multi‐scale pyramid counterpart, You Only Look Once v4 (YOLOv4). In addition, AFS can help the YOLOv4 achieve 44.9 mAP at 27 frame per second and converging 82 epochs earlier under the image size of 608×608, which represents a 42.1% improvements in the convergence speed.
Thermal analysis of axial‐radial hybrid ventilation motor and stator ventilation channel improvement
Authors: Ge Baojun , Zhang Jiacheng , Tao Dajun
Published: July 2022

The stator ventilation channel is the key component that affects the cooling capability of the axial‐radial hybrid ventilation motor (ARHVM). To study the influence of the stator ventilation channel on fluid flow and temperature distribution in the ARHVM, taking a 500 kW medium‐sized high‐voltage ARHVM as the research object, the global calculation model of the ARHVM, including the external cooler, was established. The flow characteristics and temperature distribution of the motor were obtained using finite element analysis, and the calculated results were validated through test data. In addition, in view of the vortex phenomenon that hinders fluid flow in the stator radial ventilation duct, this study proposes a new type of stator ventilation channel structure, which can improve the fluid flow pattern and effectively suppress the vortex phenomenon. Compared with the original linear ventilation channel, the temperature of the stator region can be decreased by 1–2.5℃ via the new stator ventilation channel.
Deep MIMO radar target detector in Gaussian clutter
Authors: Luo Dongqi , Ye Zixuan , Si Binqiang , Zhu Jihong
Published: July 2022

We focus on the target detection problem of the multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) radar in clutter. Most of the existing MIMO radar detection works rely on the clutter models, which may limit their scopes of application. To address this issue, a deep learning based MIMO radar target detection framework is proposed in this paper, which utilises the powerful representation and discrimination capabilities of deep neural networks (DNNs) to improve the detection performance in a data‐driven manner and does not require any prior information about the clutter distribution. In most classification problems, DNNs are trained with the cross entropy loss, which promotes DNNs to achieve higher accuracy. However, the main concern in the radar target detection problem is the probability of detection (PD) under a given probability of false alarm. In this framework, a novel loss is proposed to directly maximise the average PD of the DNN, or equivalently maximise the area under curve of the DNN. Under the DL‐based MIMO radar target detection framework, a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture is introduced, and an input feature of the received signal for the CNN based on the conventional generalised likelihood ratio test statistics is designed to further improve the detection performance. Finally, extensive simulation results are presented to validate the detection performance and the robustness of the proposed methods.
Binary black hole mergers from young massive clusters in the pair-instability supernova mass gap
Authors: Banerjee Sambaran
Published: July 2022

Context. The recent discovery of the binary black hole (BBH) merger event GW190521, between two black holes (BHs) of ≈100 Msamp, in addition to other massive BBH merger events involving BHs within the pair-instability supernova (PSN) mass gap have sparked widespread debate on the origin of such extreme gravitational-wave (GW) events. GW190521 simultaneously triggers two critical questions: how BHs can appear within the ‘forbidden’ PSN gap and, if they do, how they get to participate in general-relativistic (GR) mergers.

Aims. In this study, I investigate whether dynamical interactions in young massive clusters (YMCs) serve as a viable scenario for assembling PSN-gap BBH mergers.

Methods. To that end, I explore a grid of 40 new evolutionary models of a representative YMC of initial mass and size Mcl = 7.5 × 104 Msamp (N ≈ 1.28 × 105) and rh = 2 pc, respectively. The model grid ranges over metallicity 0.0002 ≤ Z ≤ 0.02 and comprises initial cluster configurations of King central concentration parameters W0 = 7 and 9. In each model, all BH progenitor stars are initially in primordial binaries following observationally motivated distributions. All cluster models are evolved with the direct, relativistic N-body code NBODY7, incorporating up-to-date remnant formation, BH natal spin, and GR merger recoil schemes.

Results. Binary black hole mergers from these model cluster computations agree well with the masses and effective spin parameters, χeff, of the events from the latest gravitational-wave transient catalogue (GWTC). In particular, GW190521-like, that is to say ≈200 Msamp, low χeff events are produced via a dynamical merger among BHs derived from star-star merger products. GW190403_051519-like, that is PSN-gap, highly asymmetric, high χeff events result from mergers involving BHs that are spun up via matter accretion or a binary interaction. The resulting present-day, differential intrinsic merger rate density, within the PSN gap, accommodates that from GWTC well.

Conclusions. This study demonstrates that, subject to model uncertainties, the tandem of massive binary evolution and dynamical interactions in ≲100 Myr-old, low metallicity YMCs in the Universe can plausibly produce GR mergers involving PSN-gap BHs and in rates consistent with that from up-to-date GW observations. Such clusters can produce extreme events similar to GW190521 and GW190403_051519. The upper limit of the models’ GW190521-type event rate is within the corresponding LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK)-estimated rate limits, although the typical model rate lies below LVK’s lower limit. The present YMC models yield a merger rate density of 0−3.8 × 10−2 yr−1 Gpc−3 for GW190521-type events. They produce GW190403_051519-like events at a rate within 0−1.6 × 10−1 yr−1 Gpc−3 and their total BBH-merger yield within the PSN gap is 0−8.4 × 10−1 yr−1 Gpc−3.
The Calern Asteroid Polarisation Survey
Authors: Bendjoya Ph. , Cellino A. , Rivet J.-P. , Devogèle M. , Bagnulo S. , Abe L. , Vernet D. , Gil-Hutton R. , Veneziani A.
Published: July 2022

Context. The Calern Asteroid Polarimetric Survey (CAPS), a collaboration between the INAF Astrophysical Observatory of Torino (Italy) and the Observatoire de la Côte d’Azur (Nice, France), has produced new asteroid polarimetric data for a number of years, and is one of the most important, currently active projects of asteroid polarimetry.

Aims. The purpose of this paper is to make public the CAPS data collected thus far, to explain the adopted techniques of data reduction and computation of phase-polarisation curves for the measured objects, and explain, by means of some examples, the importance of the CAPS database.

Methods. The pipeline of data reduction has been recently updated and made as automatic as possible, using numerical algorithms developed specifically for the purposes of CAPS. The derivation of phase-polarisation curves for the observed asteroids is done using established criteria and algorithms that have recently been slightly improved, and are also summarised in this paper.

Results. The CAPS catalogue is a steadily growing source of information which can be exploited for different purposes, including, but not limited to, an updated calibration of the relations existing between different polarimetric parameters and the geometric albedo of the objects, and a study of classes of objects that can be most easily identified by means of their polarimetric properties. These subjects will be more specifically discussed in separate papers.

Conclusions. Asteroid polarimetry data nicely complement the results of other more commonly used techniques, including visible and IR photometry and spectroscopy. CAPS contains a lot of much-desired information about physical properties, which can hardly be inferred by means of other techniques.
COSMOS2020: Manifold learning to estimate physical parameters in large galaxy surveys
Authors: Davidzon I. , Jegatheesan K. , Ilbert O. , de la Torre S. , Leslie S. K. , Laigle C. , Hemmati S. , Masters D. C. , Blanquez-Sese D. , Kauffmann O. B. , Magdis G. E. , Małek K. , McCracken H. J. , Mobasher B. , Moneti A. , Sanders D. B. , Shuntov M. , Toft S. , Weaver J. R.
Published: July 2022

We present a novel method for estimating galaxy physical properties from spectral energy distributions (SEDs) as an alternative to template fitting techniques and based on self-organizing maps (SOMs) to learn the high-dimensional manifold of a photometric galaxy catalog. The method has previously been tested with hydrodynamical simulations in Davidzon et al. (2019, MNRAS, 489, 4817), however, here it is applied to real data for the first time. It is crucial for its implementation to build the SOM with a high-quality panchromatic data set, thus we selected “COSMOS2020” galaxy catalog for this purpose. After the training and calibration steps with COSMOS2020, other galaxies can be processed through SOMs to obtain an estimate of their stellar mass and star formation rate (SFR). Both quantities resulted in a good agreement with independent measurements derived from more extended photometric baseline and, in addition, their combination (i.e., the SFR vs. stellar mass diagram) shows a main sequence of star-forming galaxies that is consistent with the findings of previous studies. We discuss the advantages of this method compared to traditional SED fitting, highlighting the impact of replacing the usual synthetic templates with a collection of empirical SEDs built by the SOM in a “data-driven” way. Such an approach also allows, even for extremely large data sets, for an efficient visual inspection to identify photometric errors or peculiar galaxy types. While also considering the computational speed of this new estimator, we argue that it will play a valuable role in the analysis of oncoming large-area surveys such asEuclidof the Legacy Survey of Space and Time at theVera C. RubinTelescope.
Deciphering the ultra-steep-spectrum diffuse radio sources discovered in the cool-core cluster Abell 980
Authors: Salunkhe Sameer , Paul Surajit , Krishna Gopal , Sonkamble Satish , Bhagat Shubham
Published: July 2022

Clusters of galaxies are excellent laboratories for studying recurring nuclear activity in galactic nuclei since their hot gaseous medium can vastly prolong the detectability of their radio lobes via better confinement. We report here a multi-band study of the sparsely studied galaxy cluster Abell 980, based on our analysis of Chandra X-ray data and GMRT (150 and 325 MHz) and EVLA (1.5 GHz) radio archival data, revealing an unusually rich phenomenology. It is shown to be a quasi-relaxed cluster with a cool core (T ∼ 4.2 keV) surrounded by a hot and extensive intracluster medium (ICM) at T ∼ 6.8 keV. The radio emission shows a rich diversity, having (i) two large diffuse sources of ultra-steep spectrum (USS) extending to opposite extremities of the ICM, each associated with an X-ray brightness discontinuity (cold front); (ii) a bright radio-double of size ∼55 kpc coinciding with the central BCG; and (iii) a diffuse radio source, likely a mini-halo of size ∼110 kpc around the BCG which possesses a huge ellipsoidal stellar halo of extent ∼80 kpc. The association of cold fronts with two highly aged (∼260 Myr) USS sources in a cool-core cluster makes it a very rare system. These USS sources are probably radio lobes from a previous episode of jet activity in the BCG, driven buoyantly towards the outskirts of the X-ray halo, thereby creating the cold fronts. A deeper radio image of this cluster may provide a rare opportunity to verify the recently proposed alternative model which explains radio mini-haloes as the aggregate radio emission from Type Ia supernova remnant occurring in the giant stellar halo extended across the cluster core.
High-precision chemical abundances of Galactic building blocks
Authors: Matsuno Tadafumi , Dodd Emma , Koppelman Helmer H. , Helmi Amina , Ishigaki Miho N. , Aoki Wako , Zhao Jingkun , Yuan Zhen , Hattori Kohei
Published: July 2022

Context. The Helmi streams are a kinematic substructure whose progenitor is likely a dwarf galaxy. Although 20 years have passed since their discovery, it is still unclear whether their members are chemically distinguishable from other halo stars in the Milky Way.

Aims. We aim to precisely characterize the chemical properties of the Helmi streams.

Methods. We analyzed high-resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio spectra for 11 Helmi stream stars through a line-by-line abundance analysis. We compared the derived abundances to homogenized literature abundances of the other halo stars, including those belonging to other kinematic substructures, such as Gaia-Enceladus and Sequoia.

Results. Compared to typical halo stars, the Helmi stream members clearly show low values of [X/Fe] in elements produced by massive stars, such as Na and α-elements. This tendency is seen down to metallicities of at least [Fe/H] ∼ − 2.2, suggesting type Ia supernovae already started to contribute to the chemical evolution at this metallicity. We find that the [α/Fe] ratio does not evolve significantly with metallicity, making the Helmi stream stars less distinguishable from Gaia-Enceladus stars at [Fe/H] ≳ − 1.5. The almost constant but low value of [α/Fe] might be indicative of quiescent star formation with low efficiency at the beginning and bursty star formation at later times. We also find extremely low values of [Y/Fe] at low metallicity, providing further support for the claim that light neutron-capture elements are deficient in Helmi streams. While Zn is deficient at low metallicity, it shows a large spread at high metallicity. The origin of the extremely low Y abundances and Zn variations remains unclear.

Conclusions. The Helmi stream stars are distinguishable from the majority of the halo stars if homogeneously derived abundances are compared.
Probing the surface environment of large T-type asteroids
Authors: Kwon Yuna G. , Hasegawa Sunao , Fornasier Sonia , Ishiguro Masateru , Agarwal Jessica
Published: July 2022

Context. The thermal and radiative environments encountered by asteroids have shaped their surface features. Recent observations have focused on asteroids in the main belt and showed indications for ices and organics in the interiors of the asteroids that were likely significant on prebiotic Earth. They stand out in reflectance spectra as darker, redder colours than most colocated asteroids.

Aims. We probe the surface environment of large (>80km in diameter) T-type asteroids. This taxonomic type is relatively ill-constrained as an independent group. We discuss their place of origin based on our probing.

Methods. We performed spectroscopic observations of two T-type asteroids, (96) Aegle and (570) Kythera, over the L band (2.8–4.0 µm) using the Subaru telescope. The spectra of other T-type asteroids are available in the literature, as are survey datasets. Based on this, we strove to find commonalities and global trends in this group. We also used the archival polarimetric data of the asteroids and meteorite spectra from laboratory experiments to constrain their surface texture and composition.

Results. Our targets exhibit red L-band continuum slopes, (0.30±0.04) µm−1 for (96) Aegle and (0.31 ± 0.03) µm−1 for (570) Kythera, that are similar to those of (1) Ceres and 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, and have an OH-absorption feature with band centres <2.8 µm. For (96) Aegle, we find an indication of a shallow N–H band near 3.1 µm and a C–H band of organic materials over 3.4–3.6 µm, whereas no diagnostic bands of water ice and other volatiles exceeding the noise of the data were seen for both asteroids. The large T-type asteroids except for (596) Scheila display spectral shapes similar to those of to our targets. About 50% of large T-type asteroids contain an absorption band near 0.6−0.65 µm that is likely associated with hydrated minerals. For T-type asteroids (except for Jupiter Trojans) of all sizes, we found a weak correlation that the smaller the diameter and the closer to the Sun, the redder the visible (0.5−0.8 µm) slope.

Conclusions. The 2.9 µm band depths of large T-type asteroids suggest that they might have experienced aqueous alteration comparable to Ch-type asteroids, but that it was more intense than for most of the main-belt asteroids. The polarimetric phase curve of the T-type asteroids is well described by a particular surface structure. The 0.5−4.0 µm reflectance spectra of large T-type asteroids appear most similar to those of CI chondrites with grain sizes of ~25−35 µm. Taken as a whole, we propose that large T-type asteroids may have been dislodged roughly around 10 au in the early Solar System.
Tidal excitation of the obliquity of Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars
Authors: Valente Ema F. S. , Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: July 2022

Close-in planets undergo strong tidal interactions with the parent star that modify their spins and orbits. In the two-body problem, the final stage for tidal evolution is the synchronisation of the rotation and orbital periods, and the alignment of the planet spin axis with the normal to the orbit (zero planet obliquity). The orbital eccentricity is also damped to zero, but over a much longer timescale, that may exceed the lifetime of the system. For non-zero eccentricities, the rotation rate can be trapped in spin–orbit resonances that delay the evolution towards the synchronous state. Here we show that capture in some spin–orbit resonances may also excite the obliquity to high values rather than damp it to zero. Depending on the system parameters, obliquities of 60º–80º can be maintained throughout the entire lifetime of the planet. This unexpected behaviour is particularly important for Earth-like planets in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars, as it may help to sustain temperate environments and thus more favourable conditions for life.
Le service hippomobile de Vendargues : un collectif de travail interspécifique
Authors: Mulier Chloé , Porcher Jocelyne
Published: July 2022

Depuis plus de onze ans, chevaux et humains coopèrent dans la ville de Vendargues pour offrir un service original de collecte des déchets et un service inédit de ramassage scolaire. L’étude que nous présentons ici s’inscrit dans une recherche monographique sur le rôle des chevaux dans cette ville. Sur la base d’une ethnographie du travail des chevaux et des humains dans ce service hippomobile, nous cherchons à qualifier les relations de travail. Après avoir exposé le cadre théorique et méthodologique de notre recherche, nous présentons les acteurs humains et chevaux de cette activité. Nous interrogeons l’organisation du travail comme relevant d’un collectif de travail et/ou d’une équipe. Nous proposons finalement de penser la durabilité du service hippomobile de Vendargues comme le résultat de la mise en place de conditions favorisant l’émergence d’un collectif de travail interspécifique.
Leberchirurgie 4.0 - OP-Planung, Volumetrie, Navigation und Virtuelle
Realität
Authors: Huber Tobias , Huettl Florentine , Hanke Laura Isabel , Vradelis Lukas , Heinrich Stefan , Hansen Christian , Boedecker Christian , Lang Hauke
Published: July 2022

Durch die Optimierung der konservativen Behandlung, die Verbesserung der
bildgebenden Verfahren und die Weiterentwicklung der Operationstechniken haben
sich das operative Spektrum sowie der Maßstab für die Resektabilität in Bezug
auf die Leberchirurgie in den letzten Jahrzehnten deutlich verändert.

Dank zahlreicher technischer Entwicklungen, insbesondere der 3-dimensionalen
Segmentierung, kann heutzutage die präoperative Planung und die Orientierung
während der Operation selbst, vor allem bei komplexen Eingriffen, unter
Berücksichtigung der patientenspezifischen Anatomie erleichtert werden.

Neue Technologien wie 3-D-Druck, virtuelle und augmentierte Realität bieten
zusätzliche Darstellungsmöglichkeiten für die individuelle Anatomie.
Verschiedene intraoperative Navigationsmöglichkeiten sollen die präoperative
Planung im Operationssaal verfügbar machen, um so die Patientensicherheit zu
erhöhen.

Dieser Übersichtsartikel soll einen Überblick über den gegenwärtigen Stand der
verfügbaren Technologien sowie einen Ausblick in den Operationssaal der Zukunft
geben.
Identification of Endocannabinoid Predictors of Treatment Outcomes in
Major Depressive Disorder: A Secondary Analysis of the First Canadian Biomarker
Integration Network in Depression (CAN-BIND 1) Study
Authors: Kim Helena K. , Zai Gwyneth , Müller Daniel J. , Husain Muhammad I. , Lam Raymond W. , Frey Benicio N. , Soares Claudio N. , Parikh Sagar V. , Milev Roumen , Foster Jane A. , Turecki Gustavo , Farzan Faranak , Mulsant Benoit H. , Kennedy Sidney H. , Tripathy Shreejoy J. , Kloiber Stefan
Published: July 2022

Introduction An increasing number of studies are examining the link
between the endocannabinoidome and major depressive disorder (MDD). We conducted
an exploratory analysis of this system to identify potential markers of
treatment outcomes.

Methods The dataset of the Canadian Biomarker Integration Network in
Depression-1 study, consisting of 180 patients with MDD treated for eight weeks
with escitalopram followed by eight weeks with escitalopram alone or augmented
with aripiprazole was analyzed. Association between response Montgomery-Asberg
Depression Rating Scale (MADRS; score reduction≥50%) or
remission (MADRS score≤10) at weeks 8 and 16 and single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs), methylation, and mRNA levels of 33 endocannabinoid markers
were examined. A standard genome-wide association studies protocol was used for
identifying SNPs, and logistic regression was used to assess methylation and
mRNA levels.

Results Lower methylation of CpG islands of the diacylglycerol lipase
alpha gene (DAGLA) was associated with non-remission at week 16
(DAGLA; OR=0.337, p<0.003, q=0.050).
Methylation of DAGLA was correlated with improvement in Clinical Global
Impression (p=0.026), Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology
(p=0.010), and Snaith-Hamilton Pleasure scales (p=0.028). We did
not find any association between SNPs or mRNA levels and treatment outcomes.

Discussion Methylation of DAGLA is a promising candidate as a
marker of treatment outcomes for MDD and needs to be explored further.
Synthetic Tools that Enable Synthesis and Understanding of Bioactive Macrocycles
Authors: Yudin Andrei K.
Published: July 2022

This article aims to summarizing the evolution of my lab’s research efforts in making and understanding peptide macrocycles. What started as a curiosity-driven investigation of amphoteric structures in multicomponent reactions, has turned into a sustained exploration of complex macrocyclic peptides. As part of this journey, my students and I have introduced new tools that enable chemical synthesis and property-driven optimization of cyclic peptides. These contributions are expected to be relevant in the areas of drug discovery and biological probe design.
Cluster Preface: Organic Photoredox Catalysis in Synthesis – Honoring Professor Shunichi Fukuzumi’s 70th Birthday
Authors: Nicewicz David
Published: July 2022

Dave Nicewicz was born and raised in the United States in Central New Jersey, before moving to North Carolina, where he completed his Bachelor’s (2000) and Master’s (2001) degrees in Chemistry at the University of North Carolina (USA) at Charlotte with Professor Craig A. Ogle. He then moved to the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) where he completed his Ph.D. with Professor Jeffrey S. Johnson. Dave’s studies were focused on the development of acyl anion equivalents generated via 1,2-Brook rearrangements from silylglyoxylates, which he was able to successfully apply to a total synthesis of zaragozic acid C to complete his Ph.D. in 2006. Following his graduate education, Nicewicz moved back to his native New Jersey in 2007, where he was a Ruth L. Kirschstein Postdoctoral Fellow in the laboratories of Professor David W. C. MacMillan. It was during this time that Nicewicz pioneered the use of ruthenium photoredox catalysis in combination with chiral amine organocatalysis to develop a general method for enantioselective aldehyde alkylation. In July of 2009, Dave went on to begin his independent career at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, where his laboratory has focused on organic photoredox catalysis for the development of novel chemical reactivity. He has received a number of awards early on in his career from the University of North Carolina (James Moeser Award for Distinguished Research; Ruth Hettleman Prize for Artistic and Scholarly Achievement), industry (Boehringer Ingelheim New Investigator Award in Organic Chemistry; Amgen Young Investigator Award; Eli Lilly Grantee Award), private foundations (Packard Fellowship in Science and Engineering; Camille Prof. D. A. Nicewicz Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award) as well as international recognition (Society of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan Lectureship Award; The 13th Hirata Award, Nagoya University). In 2015, he was promoted to the rank of Associate Professor, where he leads a research group focused on organic methodology development, catalysis and complex molecule synthesis
Satisfação dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de mão
Authors: Camargo Victória Muller de , Vieira Morgana Marques Mello , Rodrigues Luiz Claudio Lacerda
Published: July 2022

Objetivo Determinar a satisfação dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de mão em relação a sua internação, seus sentimentos, e as consequências decorrentes do procedimento cirúrgico bem como avaliar sua opinião e seus sentimentos em relação ao procedimento cirúrgico e detectar possíveis fragilidades na atenção à saúde do paciente submetido a cirurgia de mão.

Método Estudo clínico observacional de corte transversal, com enfoque quali-quantitativo, realizado em um ambulatório especializado em cuidado da mão de um hospital de ensino, com os pacientes de ambos os gêneros, com idade de 18 a 75 anos, que tenham sido submetidos a procedimentos cirúrgicos corretivos de patologias da mão nos últimos 5 anos.

Resultados Obtivemos o total de 54 participantes, sendo 26 do sexo feminino e 28 do sexo masculino, com idade mínima de 18 anos e máxima de 73 anos. Em relação à satisfação dos pacientes em 11 momentos avaliados, as médias foram entre 8 e 10, mostrando grande satisfação. Para os outros cinco momentos avaliados, as médias ficaram entre cinco e oito. Não obtivemos nenhuma média de satisfação abaixo de cinco.

Conclusão A satisfação absoluta dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia de mão é dependente da humanização da assistência à saúde, principalmente em relação às consequências cirúrgicas, que demandam maior acompanhamento. As consequências cirúrgicas que demandam maior acompanhamento e que dificultam as atividades rotineiras dos pacientes são dor à mobilização da mão, limitação do arco de movimento, e parestesia; assim, o manejo adequado dessas queixas leva à maior satisfação.
Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: An Update
Authors: Habas Elmukhtar , Rayani Amnna , Habas Aml M. , Akbar Raza Ali , Khan Fahmi Yousef , Elzouki Abdul-Naser
Published: July 2022

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is one of the most common disabling diseases globally. The main etiopathology of CKD is attributed to progressive renal fibrosis secondary to recurrent renal insults. Anemia is a known complication in CKD patients, associated with higher hospitalization rates and increased mortality risk. CKD-associated anemia (CKD-AA) is either due to true iron deficiency and/or functional iron deficiency anemia. There is new emerging evidence about the effects of erythropoiesis stimulating agents in the treatment of CKD-AA and their role in reversing and preventing kidney fibrosis in the early stages of CKD. This effect potentially provides new scopes in the prevention and treatment of CKD-AA and in decreasing the progression of CKD and the associated long-term complications. Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and treatments of CKD-AA will be discussed.
Innovating the Archetype: Discovering the Boundaries of the Triangular Designer Space
Authors: Mulder-Nijkamp Maaike , de Kok Mendel , Klassen Viktor , Eggink Wouter
Published: July 2022

The introduction of innovations can be more successful when launched under an established brand name, e.g. as a brand extension. However, the role of the appearance of the design is often underexposed, whereas the visual appearance of products is known as a critical determinant of consumer response and product success. Based on current literature, designers and design managers only know what to design, but suffer from a lack of knowledge how to design more successful brand extensions. When designing the visual appearance of these extensions we can rely on the strong and recognizable identity of the brand (typicality), but also have to create a completely new product (novelty) referring to the much-debated MAYA Principle (Most Advanced, Yet Acceptable). In this paper we recognize the limitations of the MAYA principle and claim that the success of brand extensions cannot be explained by a simple negative linear equation of opposites as typicality versus novelty. The results of two design case studies about speakers and headphones show that at least three determinants play an important role when designing the appearance of brand extensions; product typicality (does the design look like the archetype product), novelty (how novel is the design) and brand fit (does the design refer to the brand characteristics). Besides that we argue that the optimal balance between those three actors will also be determined by the type of product (archetype or multitype). The results indicate a higher importance of a novel visual styling for speakers and a stronger connection between typicality and brand fit for headphones. To support the design process even further, we will present our findings with the aid of the Triangular Designers space that helps designers and design managers to strategically make decisions to launch successful brand extensions.
Effect of external E × E and E × B configurations on an atmospheric-pressure plasma jet and plasma-activated water: Experiments and simulations
Authors: Xu Han , Quan Lei , Liu Yan , Zhang Hao , Shao Mingxu , Xie Kai
Published: July 2022

The potential of atmospheric-pressure plasma-treated water in biomedical-related applications has gradually increased recently. This contribution aims to explore the effects of externally applied E × E and E × B configurations on plasma jets and plasma-activated water. Although plasma plume deflection occurs in both external electric and magnetic configurations, the crossed electric field causes the radial separation of electrons and positive ions to weaken the plasma jet–liquid interaction, while E × B drift enhances the ionization collisions and discharge intensity of plasma jets. The concentration of aqueous reactive species (O2−, OH, and H2O2) and the inactivation effectiveness of living tissues (tumor cells and Escherichia coli) are weakened in the case of applying an external E × E configuration but strengthened with increasing transverse magnetic field. These findings prove that an external E × B configuration is a promising method for improving the performance of plasma jets in biomedical applications.
High-temperature Knudsen thermionic converter with multicavity emitter
Authors: Grabovskiy A. Y. , Mustafaev A. S. , Krizhanovich A. , Kuznetsov V. I. , Sukhomlinov V. S.
Published: July 2022

This article describes an experimental study of the electrical and kinetic parameters of a Knudsen-mode thermionic converter (TIC) equipped both with a multicavity and a smooth emitter that converts heat into electrical energy using a combination of cesium and barium vapors. In the study, we recorded and analyzed data on how the maximum electron current density and the specific power are affected by the values of cesium and barium vapors pressure, the width of the interelectrode gap, and such parameters of the emitters as temperature and surface geometry. By analyzing the influence of surface geometry, it was revealed that the values of the electron current density and the electric power are four times higher in a TIC with a multicavity emitter compared to a TIC with a smooth emitter. TIC efficiency was analyzed taking into account the effective emissivity of the multicavity emitter. It is shown that the efficiency of such a TIC exceeds that of a TIC with a smooth emitter despite a slight increase in heat transfer from the emitter to the collector due to radiation.
Analytic description and optimization of magneto-optical Kerr setups with photoelastic modulation
Authors: Légaré Katherine , Chardonnet Valentin , Bermúdez Macias Ivette , Hennes Marcel , Delaunay Renaud , Lassonde Philippe , Légaré François , Lambert Guillaume , Jal Emmanuelle , Vodungbo Boris
Published: July 2022

Instruments based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect are routinely used to probe surface magnetic properties. These tools rely on the characterization of the polarization state of reflected light from the sample to collect information on its magnetization. Here, we present a theoretical optimization of common setups based on the magneto-optical Kerr effect. A detection scheme based on a simple analyzer and photodetector and one made from a polarizing beam splitter and balanced photodetectors are considered. The effect of including a photoelastic modulator (PEM) and a lock-in amplifier to detect the signal at harmonics of the modulating frequency is studied. Jones formalism is used to derive general expressions that link the intensity of the measured signal to the magneto-optical Fresnel reflection coefficients for any orientation of the polarizing optical components. Optimal configurations are then defined as those that allow measuring the Kerr rotation and ellipticity while minimizing nonmagnetic contributions from the diagonal Fresnel coefficients in order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The expressions show that with the PEM, setups based on polarizing beam splitters inherently offer a twofold higher signal than commonly used analyzers, and the experimental results confirm that the SNR is improved by more than 150%. Furthermore, we find that while all proposed detection schemes measure Kerr effects, only those with polarizing beam splitters allow measuring the Kerr rotation directly when no modulator is included. This accommodates, for instance, time-resolved measurements at relatively low laser pulse repetition rates. Ultrafast demagnetization measurements are presented as an example of such applications.
Generation of sidewall defects in InGaN/GaN blue micro-LEDs under forward-current stress
Authors: Islam Abu Bashar Mohammad Hamidul , Kim Tae Kyoung , Shin Dong-Soo , Shim Jong-In , Kwak Joon Seop
Published: July 2022

This work investigates the effect of current stress on InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well flip-chip blue micro light-emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) with a mesa size of 30 × 30 μm2 and describes the stress-related mechanisms: defect aggregation and generation, which cause the change in optoelectronic performance of μ-LEDs. A forward-current stress is applied at 75 A/cm2 (0.7 mA) for 200 h. The device performance degrades with increasing stress time except until 25 h. During the initial 25 h of aging, the light output power and the external quantum efficiency (EQE) increase due to the improved crystal quality caused by aggregation of point defects in the active region, which are supported by the ideality factor and the S-parameter. The high-resolution emission-microscope images reveal that the generation of point defects at mesa sidewalls rather than the active region is crucial in performance degradation. We highlight, in particular, that the aging test generates sidewall point defects even though the sidewalls were properly passivated by a thick SiO2 layer. The mechanisms of defect aggregation and generation due to aging are consistently described by the ideality factor, the S-parameter, and the EQE.
CENTAUR—The small- and wide-angle neutron scattering diffractometer/spectrometer for the Second Target Station of the Spallation Neutron Source
Authors: Qian Shuo , Heller William , Chen Wei-Ren , Christianson Andrew , Do Changwoo , Wang Yangyang , Lin Jiao Y. Y. , Huegle Thomas , Jiang Chenyang , Boone Cristina , Hart Cameron , Graves Van
Published: July 2022

CENTAUR has been selected as one of the eight initial instruments to be built at the Second Target Station (STS) of the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. It is a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and wide-angle neutron scattering (WANS) instrument with diffraction and spectroscopic capabilities. This instrument will maximally leverage the high brightness of the STS source, the state-of-the-art neutron optics, and a suite of detectors to deliver unprecedented capabilities that enable measurements over a wide range of length scales with excellent resolution, measurements on smaller samples, and time-resolved investigations of evolving structures. Notably, the simultaneous WANS and diffraction capability will be unique among neutron scattering instruments in the United States. This instrument will provide much needed capabilities for soft matter and polymer sciences, geology, biology, quantum condensed matter, and other materials sciences that need in situ and operando experiments for kinetic and/or out-of-equilibrium studies. Beam polarization and a high-resolution chopper will enable detailed structural and dynamical investigations of magnetic and quantum materials. CENTAUR’s excellent resolution makes it ideal for low-angle diffraction studies of highly ordered large-scale structures, such as skyrmions, shear-induced ordering in colloids, and biomembranes. Additionally, the spectroscopic mode of this instrument extends to lower momentum transfers than are currently possible with existing spectrometers, thereby providing a unique capability for inelastic SANS studies.