bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development Of Test Instruments To Measure High Order Thinking Skill (Hots) Mathematics Of Students In MTs 2 State Of Medan City
Authors: Siagian Qania Agustika , Sagala Prihatin Ningsih
Published: September 2021

The test instrument given by the teacher to students has not required students to think at a high level in mathematics, the important thing is that students must be familiar with questions that require High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) to compete with other countries which can be seen in the TIMSS and PISA scores. The purpose of this study was to determine the students' high-order mathematical thinking skills, as well as to determine the validity, reliability, difficulty level, and differentiating power of the High Order Thinking Skill (HOTS) oriented test instrument. This developmental research uses the ADDIE type.. There were 57 students who were used as subjects in this study. The results showed that 15 questions that were considered successful and valid were developed, this is the average score of the test instrument assessment by experts of 91% and the validity of each test item is declared "valid" because tcount ≥ ttable. The reliability of the test instrument for each package of questions was rated as reliable in the high category. In the analysis of the level of difficulty, it appears that the results are in the easy and medium categories. In the analysis of discriminatory power, it appears that the results are quite good and good. The average results of students' high-order mathematical thinking skills are insufficient category.
THE IMPACT OF THE INDOOR ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY ON STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE
Authors: Rus Tania , Beu Dorin , Ciugudeanu Calin
Published: September 2021

"The indoor environment quality is a key factor in people's lives, which directly affects their comfort, performance, health and well-being. The main factors that contribute to the indoor environmental quality are thermal comfort, air and lighting quality and acoustics. This study aims to extend the current knowledge on the impact of IEQ on students’ performance. Field measurements on environmental factors were performed in two similar classrooms, with the same number of students engaged in a written examination. Compliance of the indoor environmental parameters with the current standards regulations was performed. Students’ performance was quantified by their exam grades. The results of the field measurements show that, in both classrooms, the acoustics and air quality do not fulfil the standard regulations, especially in the case of carbon dioxide concentration which exceeds a lot the threshold limit of 1000 ppm. The outcomes of the study also reveal that in the classroom where the concentration of carbon dioxide is higher, the students scored lower grades, therefore we can conclude that indoor environmental quality has an impact on students’ performance."
PRELIMINARY STUDIES RELATED TO MICROSCOPY AND THE SEDEM EXPERT SYSTEM PROFILE ON FREEZED-DRIED EXTRACT OF LYTHRI HERBA
Authors: Valeriu Iancu Valeriu , Bucur Laura Adriana , Schröder Verginica , Apetroaei Manuela Rossemary
Published: September 2021

"The floral tips of the plant species Lythrum salicaria L. represent a rich source of total polyphenols, among which with the largest share we mention tannins, and this is why this plant material has a standardized monograph in the European Pharmacopoeia 10.0th edition. According to the literature accessed so far, the plant material has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic, antibacterial and antifungal properties, along with modulatory action on carbohydrate metabolism. Powder microscopic examination is an important step in establishing the identity of the plant species used, highlighting elements specific to the aerial part such as spiral vessels of the stem, fragments of the spongy mesophyll with calcium oxalate clusters cells and anomocytic stomata. The application of the SeDeM method on dried plant extracts represents an innovative trend in pharmaceutical technology and contributes to the collection of data in a structured and standardized form. In this paper, the functions and applications of the SeDeM expert system are illustrated upon the freeze-dried extract of Lythri herba for the purpose of easier identification and standardization. Future applications may include obtaining chewable gums or tablets by direct compression."
PRODUCTION OF ANTIBODIES FROM POULTRY YOLK (IgY) AND INVESTIGATION OF THEIR IMMUNOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Krasnoshtanova Alla , Yudina Alesya
Published: September 2021

"A particularly important aspect of immunology is to develop non-invasive methods of obtaining antibodies which could be a great alternative to traditional ones that based on the harmful procedure of isolation of immunoglobulins from animal blood sera. That’s why the extraction of antibodies from poultry egg yolks (IgY) is the most promising. Due to the fact of variation of IgY structural features that determine the definite immunochemical properties, yolk antibodies in comparison with mammalian immunoglobulins (IgG) does not interact with rheumatoid factor (Rf), contribute to the activation of the complement system, bind to the Fc-receptor (FcR), and also has weak cross-reactivity, which confirms the possibility of their widespread use in medicine and food. Also the presence of phylogenetic distance between chickens and mammalians guarantees immune response against conservative mammalian protein molecules which is highly important for the creation of new generation test systems. The aim of this work is to develop a selective method of producing high-purity immunoglobulin Y preparations from the yolk of chicken eggs. There were adopted selective conditions of isolation of IgY under spontaneous thawing procedure at the room temperature of firstly frozen yolk solution in a sodium-phosphate buffer mixed with water (pH 5.0) in a ratio of 1:6, which leads to receiving a water-soluble fraction further precipitated with the sodium chloride at a concentration of 10% of the solution mass and subsequently concentrated using ultrafiltration with membrane UAM-10, that allows achieving the content of IgY not less than 95% per dry substance in immunoglobulin fraction. It is possible to produce a protein fraction with a protein content of at least 9 g/l. The purity of the immunoglobulin fraction was verified using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The presence of a light chain in the IgY solution was proved to be a low-molecular compound using the method of gel-filtration-chromatography. The immunological activity of IgY was studied with respect to bovine serum albumin (BSA) as an antigen. The enzymatic resistance of IgY against proteolytic enzymes was tested in area of the gastrointestinal tract."
RESULTS OF SOME ROMANIAN TOMATO AND EGGPLANT CULTIVARS GRAFTED ONTO INTERSPECIFIC (GENUS LYCOPERSICON) ROOTSTOCK
Authors: Doltu Mădălina , Sora Dorin , Bunea Vlad
Published: September 2021

This experience aims at identifying an optimal rootstock for Romanian tomato and eggplant cultivars and the influence on plant yield and growth. These vegetables (tomato and eggplant) are very important crops worldwide and in Romania. Tomato and eggplant plants are very sensitive to climatic fluctuations and can affect fruit yield. Grafting on species from the Solanaceae family is a practice that increases productivity, fruit quality, resistance to diseases and pests, abiotic factors. The work was conducted at the Horting Research Institute, Romania. The biological material used was different tomato and eggplant; two scions, Siriana F1 (tomato), Luiza variety (eggplant) and a rootstock, Emperador F1 (tomato). The Emperador rootstock and others are very used in worldwide for ecological and conventional cultures. By comparing the tomato and the eggplant yield of the researched grafted and non-grafted variants it has been shown that grafted cultivars have had very good values, being higher with 19.78% and 29.13% than at non-grafted plants. Following the studies undertaken in the research greenhouse period 2019-2020, a rootstock from genus Lycopersicum (Emperador) was tested and some results are in this scientific paper.
SENSORY CHARACTERISTICS OF TABLE EGGS AS AFFECTED BY FORTIFICATION OF LAYING FEED RATIONS WITH DIFFERENT FAT SOURCES
Authors: Al-Khalaifah Hanan , Al-Nasser Afaf , Al-Surrayai Tahani
Published: September 2021

The major objective of this research paper was to investigate the effect of enrichment with different oil sources on the egg quality traits in laying hens. A total of 300 one-day-old pullets were used. There were seven dietary treatments of 10 % diet of the following: soybean oil (SO), sunflower oil (SFO), canola oil (CO), flaxseed oil (FLO), fish oil (FO), a mix of fish oil and soya oil (SO+FO), and DHA algal biomass oil. Each treatment contained six replicates with seven birds each. Random samples of 10 eggs per treatment were used; making 70. The organoleptic parameters included tests on smell, taste, color, and texture. The results revealed that there were no significant differences between the eggs from hens fed the different dietary treatments in terms of the organoleptic parameters used. Flaxseed oil, Fish oil and a mixture of Soy oil +Fish oil can be efficiently used to enrich poultry eggs with n-3 PUFA. However, FLO and flaxseeds can be safely used to avoid the fishy smell of poultry products, if present upon reheating
ASPECTS CONCERNING PEANUTS CROPS ON SANDY SOILS IN SOUTHERN OLTENIA
Authors: Dima Milica , Diaconu Aurelia , Drăghici Reta , Iulian Drăghici , Gheorghe Matei
Published: September 2021

"For the capitalization of the climate and soil conditions for the sandy soil region in Southern Oltenia by cultivating peanuts it is necessary to use varieties with large production abilities and proper technology for the crops. In view of its cultivation on south Oltenia sandy soils, there were carried out in the period 2004-2006, at the Plants Crops Research and Development Station on Sandy Soils Dabuleni, experiments have been set regarding aspects such as: the optimal seeding period, the recommendation varieties with high yield potential and balanced composition. The research was conducted under irrigation conditions, in a three-year rotation of wheat, peanut, maize. Along with erect growth type varieties, known for their short vegetation period, rising and creeping growth type varieties can also be used; these varieties have a great production potential in our country`s conditions. Establishing the proper time for seeding is espe since sandy soils are heating quickly but are also cooling quickly, the best seeding time is between the end of April- the beginning of May, depending on the date when the seeding depth has a steady temperature, minimal required for the seed to germinate."
RESEARCH ON THE BEHAVIOR OF AN ASSORTMENT OF BELL PEPPER ON THE SANDY SOILS IN SOUTH-WEST OLTENIA ACCORDING TO THE CULTIVATION METHOD USED
Authors: Paraschiv Alina-Nicoleta , Dima Milica , Diaconu Aurelia , Ciuciuc Elena , Croitoru Mihaela
Published: September 2021

The pedo-climatic conditions specific to sandy soils in southwest Oltenia determine differences in performing different phenophases of growth and development of plants, both between varieties and in the physiological behavior of the same variety under different yield conditions. Therefore, at the Dăbuleni Research and Development Station for Plant Culture on Sands, research was carried out on some physiological, biochemical and production processes at five varieties of bell peppers cultivated in the open fields and solar. Determinations of photosynthesis, foliar transpiration, the biochemical composition of fruits, quantity, and quality of bell pepper production were performed. The physiological and biochemical processes studied were influenced by the environmental conditions specific to each cultivation method, but also by the studied variables. Of the 5 varieties studied, the best results on the biochemical composition of the fruits were recorded at the Artim variety (8.83% total dry substance, 4.60% soluble dry substance, 0.19% acidity, 3.80% carbohydrate and 36.96% vitamin C). The production was between 15,387 t / ha for open-field plants and 108,574 t / ha for plants grown in the solar, the differences between the two cultivation methods being statistically assured as distinctly significant.
INTEGRATING OF GEORADAR ANS SEISMIC STUDIES OF THE TAILINGS DAM
Authors: Dyakov Alexander , Kalashnik A.
Published: September 2021

Identification of water-saturated zones in the tailings dams is an actual scientific and practical task in terms of providing, first of all, their mechanical strength and filtration stability. The prevention of accidents in tailings is complicated by the circumstance that the processes of increased filtration, appearing and developing in the dam body, are not fixed on the initial stages by visual and traditional methods. Insufficiency, from the point of view of data completeness, of networks of piezometric boreholes on tailings dams does not allow solving the tasks of necessary information hydrological support. At the same time, the use of active- sounding geophysical study methods allows obtaining sufficiently detailed information about the peculiarities of the internal structure of the tailings dam and the degree of water saturation of the composing soils. A reasoned choice of geophysical methods, as well as their combination, allows increasing the level and reliability of obtained data at subsurface studies. The paper presents the results of in-situ experiments on the study of the tailings dam of the mining enterprise by different in nature wave GPR (georadar) and seismic methods. A comparative analysis of the conducted studies has allowed clarifying the internal structure and assessing the dam’s condition, paying special attention to the identification of local zones of increased water saturation and filtration. Based on the calculated correlation coefficient of electromagnetic and seismic wave velocity values, it was revealed that synchronization of geophysical surveys allows significantly increasing the reliability of in-situ determinations, as well as obtaining more reliable data. The results of the studies are the basis for predicting the most vulnerable places (zones) of a bulk ground hydraulic facility, as well as the localization of water-saturated areas in the body of the ground structures with greater reliability and performance.
MARINE FORECAST FOR THE EASTERNMOST PART OF THE BLACK SEA
Authors: Demetrashvili Demuri , Kukhalashvili Vepkhia , Kvaratskhelia Diana , Surmava Aleksandre
Published: September 2021

Modelling and forecasting of dynamic processes and distribution of various substances of anthropogenic and natural origin in coastal and shelf zones of the seas and oceans are of great interest due to the high anthropogenic load of these zones. The aim of this paper is to present some examples of modelling and short-term forecasting of dynamic fields – the current, temperature and salinity in the easternmost Black Sea covering Georgian sector of the Black Sea and adjacent water area using a high-resolution regional model of the Black Sea dynamics. The z-level regional model is based on a full system of ocean hydro-thermodynamics equations and is nested in the basin-scale model of the Black Sea dynamics of Marine Hydrophysical Institute (Sevastopol). To solve the model equation system, a numerical algorithm based on the splitting method is used. Calculations show that circulation processes in the easternmost water area of the Black Sea are characterized by a permanent alternation of different circulation modes with the formation of mesoscale and submesoscale eddies throughout the year, which significantly affect the formation of thermohaline fields; atmospheric wind forcing substantially determines not only the peculiarities of the sea surface horizontal circulation, also the vertical structure of the current field.
DYNAMICS OVER 50 YEARS OF AREA OF LANDS BY CATEGORIES OF THE INVENTORY OF THE VOLGA MUNICIPALITY OF THE REPUBLIC OF MARIY EL
Authors: Mazurkin Peter , Efimova Ekaterina
Published: September 2021

The waves of dynamics for 1970-2020 are revealed. by categories of land cadastre in the Volzhsky region of the RME. The first two terms out of eight forms Weibull's law, showing a decrease of 3292 hectares in the area according to Mandelbrot's law. Since 1970, the decline has been 3.60%. For 50 years, there have been two leaps in the reduction of the total area. After the first jump, 20 years have passed from 1978 to 1998, and after the second jump - 21 years from 1999 to 2020. For agricultural lands, the trend shows a steady decrease in area. This trend is noticeable for the country's municipalities. The first component of exponential growth reflects the desire to expand the habitat. And the second term, according to the law of the power function, gives the counteraction of nature to people. This fact shows that there is no ecological balance between agriculture and nature. In territorial planning and forecasting in the conditions of the Russian Federation, arrays of tabular data are urgently needed for all municipalities of the country since 1970. Agricultural lands have especially strong dynamics in 18 components in the form of fluctuations. In Finland, an ecological balance has long been formed, even at the farm level. In Russia, in the legalized minimum territorial unit (municipality) in the total area, strong fluctuations have occurred. A sharp surge in the land fund of the Volzhsky region occurred during the socio-economic crisis from 992 to 2005. This proves the lack of awareness of decision-makers in land policy. Next, you need a conscious behavior in the distribution of the land fund of municipalities of the Russian Federation by categories and types of land.
FLORISTIC DIVERSITY OF THE OULED BECHIH FOREST (ALGERIA)
Authors: Touafchia Boutheyna , Malika Rached-Kanouni , Zahia Kadi
Published: September 2021

The objective of this study is to inventory the flora of the Ouled Bechih forest (Algeria) with a quantitative and qualitative analysis through significant parameters. This study allowed the identification of 27 species belonging to 26 genera and 17 families. The results show an important diversity of the regional flora which is essentially dominated by the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae and Rosaceae. Hemicryptophytes and geophytes dominate the biological spectrum of the flora of this forest, which is morphologically characterised by the dominance of perennial herbs. The analysis of the chorological types shows the predominance of the Mediterranean element.
REMEDIATION OF A TAILING POND IN EASTERN SLOVAKIA
Authors: Bakalár Tomáš , Pavolová Henrieta , Sasáková Naďa , Hromada Rudolf , Kozáková Ľubica
Published: September 2021

In Eastern Slovakia, due to extensive chemical production in the past, especially production of explosives, and continuing combustion of coal, toxic chemicals, PCBs, fly ash and other substances are stored in a tailing pond. The current state of the tailing pond and the surrounding area, as well as its impact on the environment is analysed. Based on the results of the analysis remediation of the tailing pond is suggested. The closure of the tailing pond, including stabilisation of the pond material and the treatment of the pond surface, is designed. The result of the study proposes two possibilities of the use of pond after remediation – for growing crops as biomass and for building of a recreation and regeneration centre. In both the proposals, their advantages and disadvantages were evaluated. Reclamation will take place through a combination of technical and biotechnical stages. These proposals would be a great plus and benefit not only for the tailing pond but also for the environment and the surroundings of the pond.
THE CURRENT ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF ALEPPO PINE OF EL HAMIMET FOREST (ALGERIA)
Authors: Yahi Djamel , Malika Rached-Kanouni
Published: September 2021

The forest of El Hamimet, Oum el Bouaghi is a forestry and ecotourism site. Managed by the Oum El Bouaghi Forestry Department, this forest is made up of several silvicultural species (conifers) spread over an area of 1460 ha. The objective of this study is to characterize the current ecological status of Aleppo pine in El Hamimet forest (Algeria). The inventory of softwoods allowing a complete knowledge of quantitative data on the basis of dendrometric parameters collected on 4 plots. The results indicate that the floral diversity is low, characterized by 3 species. The highest abundance is marked in plot 1 with 389 individual/ha, while plot P3 has the highest volume with about 211.58 m3/ha. The vertical structure shows that the 3-5m class is the most abundant. Indeed, this work will provide a solid reference for future follow-up studies for Aleppo Pine.
TREE SPECIES DIVERSITY AND SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HOLM OAK STANDS IN CHETTABA FOREST (ALGERIA)
Authors: Alia Zerrouki , Karima Kara , Lilia Redjaimia , Malika Rached-Kanouni
Published: September 2021

The forest of Chettaba is for ecotourism. Managed by the Forest Conservation of Constantine, this site is formed of several forestry species (hardwood and softwood) spread over an area of 3010 ha. The objective of this study is to estimate the viability of this site through the permanent monitoring of the current state of the forest including biodiversity and pressures. The collection of data related to it had recourse to a forest inventory and an inventory of pressures. The condition was assessed by analyzing these components. The various analyses conducted during this study revealed that the forest is subject to biotic and abiotic pressures and average viability. This is induced by a fairly good stand quality (PHF= 333), medium stability (S= 44.45), low mortality (MR = 4.16%) and good future potential (high regeneration rate (RR =231.25%). Grazing, fire and illegal logging are the most important pressures. Despite these pressures, the forest is classified as a viable ecosystem. However, these potentials are insufficient: it is necessary to reduce the pressures and reforest the degraded plots for better conservation of the ecosystem. To this end, the present study suggests management primarily through silvicultural interventions that promote the regeneration of the various species and to include a permanent ecological monitoring system.
TYPOLOGICAL FEATURES OF LANDSCAPE BY DISTINGUISHING LANDSCAPE TAXONOMIC UNITS
Authors: Kurmilavičienė Giedrė
Published: September 2021

"Landscape as a whole of the components around us must be properly explored, analyzed, protected, managed and planned. All of this are necessary to ensure the sustainable (balanced) development of the state, which seeks a harmonious and responsible approach of the state and society to the landscape and spatial planning. Therefore, in this work, the author examines how landscape typological units are distinguished in different areas. Examining the works of different authors, it can be observed that often different and similar features of the landscape are chosen in order to distinguish taxonomic units. Also, even when distinguishing territorial units of a landscape with the same taxonomic level, the features identifying this unit do not always coincide. Therefore, it is necessary to harmonize landscape cognition practices in order to achieve a balanced landscape knowledge. The aim of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the landscape. To achieve this goal, the following goals were set: 1. To perform literature analysis; 2. To determine the diversity of landscape features by distinguishing landscape typological units; 3. Identify the most commonly used landscape features; 4. To present the classification of landscape features according to the typological units of the landscape. The following methods were used in the work: literature analysis, cartographic analysis, database analysis. Therefore, in order to harmonize the practices of landscape typological cognition, at first it should be defined which landscape features are considered essential. In other words, it is necessary to clearly distinguish and identify those features that are the most popular and provide the most information about the landscape itself. Thus, the aim of this work is to present the diversity of these features and to present their possible classification depending on the taxonomic units of the landscape to which they are assigned"
GREEN DESIGN AND EDUCATION OF STUDENTS AT UNIVERSITIES IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Balážová Pavla
Published: September 2021

"Buildings represent a sector with huge energy consumption. It is necessary to reduce this consumption, therefore green buildings have become a global trend in recent years. Green Building Councils in various countries, which are members of World Green Building Council global network, develop and administer many of the world’s ratings tools. World Green Building Council was founded in 1998. There are four predominate ranking systems: LED, BREEAM, GREEN STAR and CASBEE. Slovak Green Building Council was established in November 2010. The first green building in the Slovak Republic received LEED certification in 2012. In the paper it is referred to about 17 new and in-use green buildings in Slovakia which received in period 2012-2019 LEED or BREEAM certifications. In fact, there are more green buildings in Slovakia, where there is still the huge potential in applying a green concept in the sector of existing residential buildings and the public buildings sector. There is a lack of legislative and financial support instruments for green buildings in Slovakia, which are under the consideration and do not exist in practice. The BBC 1 Plus – Offices in Bratislava, the first certified green office building in Slovakia, which received in 2012 the second-highest certification – LEED Gold, is described and analysed in details. The necessity of improving the education process in the green design and sustainable architecture of students at Faculties of Civil Engineering and Faculties of Architecture is outlined. The plans for how it is possible to achieve it are presented."
Compliance na administração pública: boas práticas de governança e políticas de integridade na gestão pública
Authors: Rodrigues Elvis da Silva , Pereira Suelen Correa
Published: September 2021

Os interesses da sociedade devem ser atendidos com eficiência pela Administração Pública, nas suas funções de gerir os recursos e aplicá-los, fundada nos princípios constitucionais da impessoalidade, moralidade, legalidade, eficiência e publicidade, tendo como objetivo central a busca por soluções práticas a fim de atender aos anseios coletivos. Diante disso, o presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar as características gerais que envolvem os conceitos de compliance na administração pública, demonstrando a importância das boas práticas de governança e políticas de integridade na gestão pública em relação aos programas de compliance e seus mecanismos. A metodologia escolhida é a bibliográfica, de caráter exploratório. A conclusão é que, com a utilização destes mecanismos, verificou-se que é possível a obtenção de resultados significativos, tais como a melhoria da gestão pública, maior eficiência, contribuindo com a gestão das demandas sociais, fortalecendo assim também a imagem do serviço público perante a sociedade.
Uso de sustancias psicoactivas entre estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Federal de Amapá en 2018
Authors: Dias Cláudio Alberto Gellis de Mattos , Facco Lucas , Fecury Amanda Alves , Melo Felipe Rodrigues Martins de , Azevedo Eduardo José Lobato de , Rizzi Ana Carolina Miranda , Oliveira Euzébio de , Dendasck Carla Viana , Silva Anderson Walter Costa , Silva Alceu dos Santos , Cardoso Rosilene Ferreira , Araújo Maria Helena Mendonça
Published: September 2021

Las sustancias psicoactivas, también llamadas sustancias psicotrópicas, son productos que tienen la capacidad de promover estímulos o cambios sensoriales, influyendo en las emociones y el nivel de conciencia de quienes las utilizan. El objetivo de este estudio era analizar el uso de sustancias psicoactivas entre los estudiantes de medicina de la Universidad Federal de Amapá (UNIFAP) en 2018. Se llevó a cabo un estudio transversal cuantitativo y cualitativo, que utilizó una muestra de conveniencia no probabilística de los estudiantes universitarios. En esta universidad, entre los estudiantes de medicina, se observó que el uso de drogas psicotrópicas ocurre principalmente debido al consumo de alcohol y analgésicos. En el contexto médico, debido al acceso facilitado a los medicamentos recetados, su uso es mucho más amplio en este público de profesionales y académicos, y el uso de tales sustancias a veces se oculta y hay una dificultad para hablar y buscar ayuda.
Aspectos da prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes internados em enfermaria clínica
Authors: Peixoto Leonardo Ribeiro , Nascimento Vanessa Daniele de Sousa , Alves Renata Maria Coutinho , Brito Caio Vinícius Botelho
Published: September 2021

O objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar a cobertura e realização adequada da profilaxia para tromboembolismo venoso (TEV) utilizada em pacientes de alto risco internado na enfermaria clínica. Para isso, foram analisados 91 prontuários de pacientes de alto risco para TEV durante um período de 3 meses. A profilaxia para TEV foi realizada corretamente em 70% dos pacientes, a prevalência de trombose foi: de 7,6% no geral, de 10,7% nos pacientes que não receberam profilaxia adequadamente e de 6,3% naqueles que receberam profilaxia adequadamente. Diante disso, observa-se que a profilaxia adequada para TEV foi subutilizada, acompanhando as tendências globais e nacionais; estratégias como: a formulação de um protocolo claro de prevenção de TEV – cujo preenchimento fosse obrigatório – e que estivesse anexado aos prontuários; utilização de prontuário eletrônico e educação continuada dos profissionais de saúde são estratégias valiosas para aumentar a cobertura de profilaxia adequada do TEV, mitigando o tempo de internação, mortes por causa evitável e custos ao sistema de saúde.
Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance development in bacteria
Authors: Stetsko T. I. , Muzyka V. P. , Kozak M. R.
Published: September 2021

Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant risk to animal health by reducing the effectiveness of the treatment and prevention of many infections caused by bacteria. Antibiotic resistance threatens human health by transmitting resistant strains of microorganisms or resistance genes from animals to humans through the food chain. Life-threatening infections that were previously manageable can become incurable through antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrobial resistance can be divided into two main types: natural and acquired. Natural bacterial resistance is associated with the absence or inaccessibility of target cites for the action of certain antimicrobial agents. The acquired resistance is specific and associated with the acquisition of extraneous resistance genes or mutational modification of chromosomal target genes. The resistance of bacteria to antimicrobial drugs varies depending on the antimicrobial agent, species or genus of bacteria, and the mechanism of resistance. Resistance to the same antimicrobial agent can be mediated by different resistance mechanisms. In some cases, the same resistance gene or mechanism are related to a wide variety of bacteria, whereas in other cases, resistance genes or mechanisms are restricted to certain bacterial species or genera. Bacterial resistance to different classes of antibiotics with common mechanisms often leads to the multidrug resistance. The data presented in this review focuses exclusively on the resistance genes and mechanisms found in bacteria of animal origin and on antimicrobials used in the veterinary medicine. For better coverage of the topic, information on the mechanisms of resistance is presented separately for each class of antimicrobial agents.
Colostral immunity of piglets to the Aujeszky disease virus in case of active immunization sows
Authors: Holda K. O. , Masiuk D. M. , Kokariev A. V. , Vasilenko T. O.
Published: September 2021

The current question of today is the formation of effective immune protection in young pigs against infectious diseases, achieved by piglets vaccination in the first weeks of their life. It is known that one of the factors influencing the quality of vaccination is colostral antibodies, which are able to deactivate the vaccine antigen. Considering this, it is important to determine the duration of colostral immunity of piglets to antigens of the Aujeszky’s disease virus during active sows immunization. For this, was formed a group of sows of 2nd-3rd gestation periods with 25 animals in each. Sows were immunized parenterally against Aujeszky’s disease with the «Adivak» vaccine at a dose of 2 ml, by mass vaccination, three times per year. The level of specific antibodies to glycoproteins E (gE) and B (gB) was determined in the blood serum of piglets before sucking colostrum and every 7 days of life until 77 days from birth by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). It was revealed that before consuming colostrum, piglets did not have specific antibodies to the antigens of the Aujeszky disease virus. From 7th till 70th days of life, all piglets had specific IgG to the antigens gB and gE of the Aujeszky disease virus, and by the seventy-seventh day, 29% of the animals were seronegative. Thus, newborn piglets before colostrum suckling do not have specific immune protection against the Aujeszky disease virus against the background of sow immunization. Consumption of colostrum by piglets promotes their formation of colostral immunity, specific to the antigens of the Aujeszky disease virus. The duration of colostral antibodies’ circulation specific to the antigens of the Aujeszky disease virus in the piglets peripheral blood is 70 days. On the seventy-seventh day from birth, the level of colostral immunoglobulins decreased sharply, which contributed to the appearance of seronegative animals and an increase in their sensitivity to the action of an epizootic strain of the virus.
Influence of humic substances on physiological osteogenesis and the blood system of rabbits while using PLA implants
Authors: Rybalka M. A. , Stepchenko L. M. , Galuzina L. I. , Krutous D. I.
Published: September 2021

PLA-based implants are characterized by high biocompatibility with body tissues, and are also distinguished by their biodegradable and osseointegrative properties. The regulation of bone tissue growth and development is inextricably linked with the blood system, which is a source of plastic substances and hormones of calcium homeostasis. When PLA implants were inserted into the parietal bone of rabbits, changes occurred in their bodies that were typical for the period after orthopedic and traumatological operations. Metabolism dysregulation of macro- and microelements and disturbances of erythropoiesis, which can occur in the postoperative period, have a negative effect on the bone tissue growth in the young rabbits’ body. It has been proven that humic substances were able to influence the activity of osteoblasts and regulate mineral metabolism. For the experiment, 32 rabbits were divided into four groups, 8 rabbits in each group; sixteen rabbits underwent surgery using PLA implants, which were placed bilaterally in the parietal bone. Eight of the 16 operated rabbits were given Humilid together with water, the rest of them received pure water. Eight of 16 rabbits, intact before surgery, received Humilid together with water, the non-surgical control group did not receive Humilid. The influence of humic substances on physiological osteogenesis and hematological parameters during the use of PLA implants was determined. On the 14th day of the experiment, the rabbits of the surgical group receiving Humilid did not show a decrease in erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and an increase in leukocytes, in contrast to the rabbits of the surgical control group. An increase in the number of osteons and osteoblasts layers was recorded in the femur of the young rabbits that were receiving Humilid, and in the sternum – the number of osteons and layers of osteoblasts. There was also an increase in the number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in the non-surgical group rabbits that were receiving Humilid to compare the rabbits of the non-surgical control group. ln rabbits that received Humilid, there was an intensification of bone tissue growth against the background of physiological and reparative osteogenesis.
The effectiveness of Imrovac® in industrial pork production
Authors: Samoilіuk V. V. , Bilyi D. D. , Koziy M. S. , Maslikov S. M. , Spitsina Т. L.
Published: September 2021

The clinical efficacy of the use of immunobiological castration was studied in comparison with boars in which orchidectomy was performed by open method «on a ligature», as well as in non-castrated animals. It was found that the disadvantage of surgical castration is the risk of bleeding, the development of purulent inflammatory process (edges of the surgical wound, scrotal tissues, stump, common vaginal membrane), as well as intra- and postoperative hernias, which are accompanied by prolapse of the omentum, intestines, and bladder. The low incidence of these complications is offset by the high death rate caused by them. A relatively high level of cryptorchidism was established on the farm, among which bilateral was 27.6%. As a result of the use of immunological castration, in comparison with surgical castration, and with non-castrated boars, the average daily gains were increased, the fattening period was reduced and feed costs were reduced against the background of feed conversion increase by 14 – 27%. The use of Improvac® (Pfizer Ltd) led to better assimilation of feed, an increase in the amount of meat on the carcass, in particular, lean meat by 12 – 16%, lumbar depth, the protein content in meat and a decrease of the fat percentage and fat thickness, eliminating specific odor, and reduction in the fattening period, as well as costs for feeding. In particular, compared to non-castrated boars, the weight of chilled half carcasses increased by 1.2 times (P < 0.05). Immunological castration led to atrophy of the testicles: their weight, length and width were smaller compared to non-castrated boars, which again confirms a decrease in the level of boars’ sex hormones. It is important to use Improvac® in breeding boars that have exhausted their potential, eliminating the need to keep them for about three months to reduce their meat and lard smell. Reducing the period of disappearance of the odor of products obtained from boars led to a reduction in the cost of feeding, maintenance, and veterinary care. Production indicators justify the economic feasibility of using immunological castration with Improvac® in order to obtain additional income, given the absence of probable complications associated with the conventional surgical procedure.
Metabolism state in laboratory rats when using amaranth oil and Humilid
Authors: Harashchuk M. I. , Stepchenko L. M. , Spitsina T. L. , Goryaniy V. R.
Published: September 2021

The search for new natural non-toxic biologically active substances for animals used to correct and stimulate metabolic processes, and through it the ability to control the growth and animals’ productivity, the state of their natural resistance is the main task of the present. The paper presents study results on the effect of cold-pressed amaranth oil and biologically active additive of humic nature «Humilid» when used simultaneously on the general body condition, growth indicators of laboratory rats, morphofunctional and biochemical parameters of their blood. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: – to investigate how cold-pressed amaranth oil affects the metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats; – to conduct research and analyze the effect of the cold-pressed amaranth oil and a humic nature biologically active substance «Humilid» simultaneous use on the indicators of their homeostasis. To accomplish the tasks, the following research methods were used: physiological, morpho-functional, and blood biochemical analysis in experimental laboratory rats. Sexually mature male white rats of 2 months age were used in the experiment. For the study, three groups of animals were formed. The experiment lasted four weeks, during which the animals of the first experimental group received daily, in addition to the main feed settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml per rat, and free access to the drinking water. Rats of the second experimental group in addition to the main feed received settled amaranth oil in the amount of 0.1 ml, and free access to the drinking of 0.005% solution Humilid. It was found that the simultaneous use of cold-pressed amaranth oil and Humilid in laboratory rats had a positive effect on the state of erythron, erythrocytes count increased by an average of 28% (P < 0.001), hemoglobin concentration by 10% (P < 0.05). At the same time in animals the biosynthetic function of the liver improved, the total protein content in the blood significantly increased by 10% (P < 0.05), and the amount of albumin by 25% (P < 0.01). Energy processes in the body of experimental animals were increased, that pointed a decrease in blood glucose levels by 22% (P < 0.05). The obtained data obtained indicates that the simultaneous use of amaranth oil and Humilid had a positive effect on the state of homeostasis and metabolic processes in the body of laboratory rats. Thus for them synergistic action is noted.
Features of sacroiliac joint x-ray examination in dogs
Authors: Novitsky V. O.
Published: September 2021

Sacroiliac joint instability is a fairly common pathology of the musculoskeletal system, which is observed in dogs of various breeds, sex, and age. This problem has received little attention in the research field, veterinary literature and clinical practice due to similar symptoms with more studied and treated pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, that are more common in everyday practice. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a differential diagnosis of pathologies that are similar in clinical manifestation. Radiography remains the main method for examining bones and their joints even today. But examining the sacroiliac joint requires the development of an optimal protocol for radiography of the studied area. The research was conducted on the basis of the Clinical and Diagnostic Center of Veterinary Medicine Faculty of the Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University for one year on 20 dogs of different age, sex, and breeds. Radiography was performed to diagnose the instability of the sacroiliac joint. A combination of a Triones tw-120 X-ray machine and an Alfa-4600 digital receiver was used for the examination. According to the results of the study, it was found that there was no significant difference between the central positioning method of the animal and the angular one for assessing the state of soft tissues, but the angular method was more suitable for assessing the state of the sacroiliac joint structures since it allowed a more detailed analysis of the state of the articular surfaces and the location of the iliac bones relative to the sacrum. This kind of x-ray examination should be performed only with sedatives. Since the position of the animal’s body on radiography is not physiological and in the case of sacroiliac joint instability there is pain, these factors will negatively affect the accuracy of the study. It was also found that the use of M-shaped pillows significantly improved the quality of the obtained X-ray image. When working with the radiograph, it is necessary to pay attention to the condition of the joint surfaces, as osteoarthritis and osteosclerosis in the future may cause instability of the sacroiliac joint. If there is an X-ray of the joint space, the congruence index should be calculated. It is important to take into account the anamnestic data of the animal, as pregnant females may have abnormalities. Compliance with the proposed protocol of diagnostic actions in case of suspicion of sacroiliac joint instability will make it possible to accurately diagnose, prescribe appropriate treatment, plan the course of the surgery and prevent the development of this pathology in the future.
Traditional Variables and Umbilical Cord Management among Mothers in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State, Nigeria
Authors: Ekuri Pauline Ekun , Akah Levi Udochukwu , Duke Nkere Effioanwan Irene , Akpa Stephen Ushie , Ben Edet Itam
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the influence of traditional variables on umbilical cord management among nursing mothers in Calabar Education Zone, Cross River State. Two research questions were answered in the study. The survey design was adopted for this study. The sample size of 748 nursing mothers that delivered within six months, currently obtaining postnatal health care services was drawn from a population of 1,068 nursing mothers in the area of study. “Traditional Variables and Umbilical Cord Management Questionnaire (CVUCMQ)” was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha method was used to analyse the data with reliability estimates for the variable ranging from .81 to .88. The first finding indicates that traditional beliefs affect neonatal umbilical cord management by nursing mothers. The second finding of this study shows the influence of traditional practices on neonatal umbilical cord management by nursing mothers in Southern Cross River State. Based on these findings, it was concluded that the impact of traditional beliefs and practices are the strong traditional variables that nursing mothers and health care workers must pay due attention to ensure effective delivery of quality patient care. The study recommended among others that there should be forums to address traditional rulers and their cabinets on the dangers of unhealthy traditional beliefs and practices surrounding umbilical cord management.
Demographics Variables and Athletes’ Performance in Track Events in Calabar Metropolis, Cross River State
Authors: Ekuri Pauline E. , Osaji Nsagha N. , Ahueansebhor Emmanuel
Published: September 2021

This research studied the performance of athletes in 100m, 200m, 400m, and 4 x 400m relay races in secondary schools based on two demographic variables (age and experience). The bivariate and interactive effects of these variables were assessed based on three null hypotheses formulated to guide the study. The research is quantitative and followed the ex-post facto design. The population comprised 1,180 junior and senior secondary schools students in 24 public secondary schools in Calabar Metropolis. A total of 863 students were selected based on their previous experiences in track events. Data were collected using a questionnaire tagged “Performance in Track Events Questionnaire (PTEQ). Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; while inferential statistics such as one- and two-way ANOVA were used to test the null hypotheses at the .05 level of significance. No significant influence of age on athletes’ performance in all the track events was found. Athletes experience significantly influenced their performance in all the track events. There is a significant interaction of age and experience on athletes’ performance in all track events in secondary schools. It was concluded that some demographic variables affect student-athletes performance in track events, while others do not. Based on this conclusion, relevant practical and research implications were discussed for sustained or improved performance in track events.