bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Postneonatal Mortality and Liver Changes in Cloned Pigs Associated with Human Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor I-Fc and Human Heme Oxygenase-1 Overexpression
Authors: Kim Geon A. , Jin Jun-Xue , Lee Sanghoon , Taweechaipaisankul Anukul , Oh Hyun Ju , Hwang Joing-Ik , Ahn Curie , Saadeldin Islam M. , Lee Byeong Chun
Published: April 2017

Soluble human tumor necrosis factor (shTNFRI-Fc) and human heme oxygenase 1 (hHO-1) are key regulators for protection against oxidative and inflammatory injury for xenotransplantation. Somatic cells with more than 10 copy numbers of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 were employed in somatic cell nuclear transfer to generate cloned pigs, thereby resulting in seven cloned piglets. However, produced piglets were all dead within 24 hours after birth. Obviously, postnatal death with liver apoptosis was reported in the higher copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets. In liver, the transcript levels of ferritin heavy chain, light chain, transferrin, and inducible nitric oxide synthase were significantly highly expressed compared to those of lower copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets (P<0.05). Also, H2O2contents were increased, and superoxide dismutase was significantly lower in the higher copy number of shTNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 piglets (P<0.05). These results indicate that TNFRI-Fc and hHO-1 overexpression may apparently induce free iron in the liver and exert oxidative stress by enhancing reactive oxygen species production and block normal postneonatal liver metabolism.
Experimental and Simulation Research on the Influence of Stirring Parameters on the Distribution of Particles in Cast SiCp/A356 Composites
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Pan Like , Han Jianmin , Li Zhiqiang , Wang Jialin , Li Xiang , Li Weijing
Published: April 2017

Achieving the uniform distribution of reinforcement particles in MMCs is very important for the effect of stirring parameters and the flow action of the melt, which should be known. The effect of stirring parameters on the distribution of SiC particles in SiCp/A356 composites was studied by the experimental and numerical methods in this paper. The experimental results show the SiC distribution with different stirring parameters. In addition, the effects of the fluid velocity and volume fraction of SiC particle at different position of crucible on the SiC distribution were analyzed by numerical simulation. The velocity magnitude, axial velocity, and radial velocity were analyzed to explain theoretically the particle distribution. The shearing force, moments, and stirring power of the stirring rod were simulated based on CFD code. The numerical results show that the stirring temperature is lower, the shearing force is greater, the stirring time is longer, and particle dispersion gets better. On the other hand, the higher the stirring speed is, the more uniform the radial and axial flow are, and the better the particles were dispersed. The numerical results were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Association between NLPR1, NLPR3, and P2X7R Gene Polymorphisms with Partial Seizures
Authors: Wang Haidong , Xu Pengfei , Liao Dehua , Dang Ruili , He Xin , Guo Yujin , Jiang Pei
Published: April 2017

Objectives. Clinical and experimental evidence has clarified that the inflammatory processes within the brain play a pivotal role in the pathophysiology of seizures and epilepsy. Inflammasomes and P2X7 purinergic receptor (P2X7R) are important mediators during the inflammatory process. Therefore, we investigated the possible association between partial seizures and inflammasomes NLPR1, NLRP3, and P2X7R gene polymorphisms in the present study. Method. A total of 163 patients and 201 health controls were enrolled in this study and polymorphisms of NLPR1, NLRP3, and P2X7R genes were detected using polymerase chain reaction- (PCR-) ligase detection reaction method. Result. The frequency of rs878329 (G>C) genotype with C (CG + CC) was significantly lower among patients with partial seizures relative to controls (OR = 2.033, 95% CI = 1.290–3.204, p=0.002 for GC + CC versus GG). Intriguingly, we found that the significant difference of rs878329 (G>C) genotype and allele frequency only existed among males (OR = 2.542, 95% CI = 1.344–4.810, p=0.004 for GC + CC versus GG), while there was no statistically significant difference among females. However, no significant results were presented for the genotype distributions of rs8079034, rs4612666, rs10754558, rs2027432, rs3751143, and rs208294 polymorphisms between patients and controls. Conclusion. Our study demonstrated the potentially significant role of NLRP1 rs878329 (G>C) in developing susceptibility to the partial seizures in a Chinese Han population.
Monitoring Daily Dynamics of Early Tumor Response to Targeted Therapy by Detecting Circulating Tumor DNA in Urine
Authors: Husain Hatim , Melnikova Vladislava O. , Kosco Karena , Woodward Brian , More Soham , Pingle Sandeep C. , Weihe Elizabeth , Park Ben Ho , Tewari Muneesh , Erlander Mark G. , Cohen Ezra , Lippman Scott M. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: April 2017

Purpose: Noninvasive drug biomarkers for the early assessment of tumor response can enable adaptive therapeutic decision-making and proof-of-concept studies for investigational drugs. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is released into the circulation by tumor cell turnover and has been shown to be detectable in urine.

Experimental Design: We tested the hypothesis that dynamic changes in EGFR activating (exon 19del and L858R) and resistance (T790M) mutation levels detected in urine could inform tumor response within days of therapy for advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving osimertinib, a second-line third-generation anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor.

Results: Eight of nine evaluable NSCLC patients had detectable T790M-mutant DNA fragments in pretreatment baseline samples. Daily monitoring of mutations in urine indicated a pattern of intermittent spikes throughout week 1, suggesting apoptosis with an overall decrease in fragment numbers from baselines to day 7 preceding radiographic response assessed at 6 to 12 weeks.

Conclusions: These findings suggest drug-induced tumor apoptosis within days of initial dosing. Daily sampling of ctDNA may enable early assessment of patient response and proof-of-concept studies for drug development. The modeling of tumor lysis through the day-to-day kinetics of ctDNA released into the blood and then into the urine is demonstrated in this proof-of-concept study in lung cancer patients receiving anti-EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors. This strategy may determine the specific clonal populations of cells which undergo apoptosis within the first week of therapy. This has important implications for developing combinational strategies to address inter- and intralesional heterogeneity and characterizing residual disease after initial drug exposure. Clin Cancer Res; 23(16); 4716–23. ©2017 AACR.
High Cut-Off Hemofiltration versus Standard Hemofiltration: A Pilot Assessment of Effects on Indices of Apoptosis
Authors: Atan Rafidah , Virzi Grazia M. , Peck Leah , Ramadas Amutha , Brocca Alessandra , Eastwood Glenn , Sood Suneet , Ronco Claudio , Bellomo Rinaldo , Goehl Hermann , Storr Markus
Published: April 2017

Objectives: To measure plasma pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic activity in severe acute kidney injury (AKI) patients within a randomized controlled trial of continuous veno-venous hemofiltration with high cut-off filters (CVVH-HCO) versus standard filters (CVVH-Std). Methods: We measured pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic plasma activity by trypan blue exclusion cell viability assay, detection of DNA fragmentation, and by determination of caspase-3 activity and annexin V-based apoptosis and necrosis detection assay. Results: Compared to no apoptosis or necrosis after incubation with healthy plasma, 14-18% of cells showed apoptosis and 4-8% showed necrosis after incubation with plasma from AKI patients. When comparing different measures of pro-apoptotic or pro-necrotic activity, CVVH-HCO and CVVH-Std showed no differential effects on such activity, which remained high over the first 3 days of treatment. However, using annexin V-FITC, there was a significant drop in pro-apoptotic activity across the filter for the CVVH-HCO group (p = 0.043) but not for the CVVH-Std group (p = 0.327) and a significant difference between the two groups (CVVH-HCO vs. CVVH-Std p = 0.006). Conclusions: Patients with severe AKI have increased pro-apoptotic and pro-necrotic activity. Although on single-pass effect assessment, CVVH-HCO was superior to CVVH-Std in decreasing annexin V-FITC-assessed pro-apoptotic activity, there was no overall attenuation of such activity during the first 3 days of treatment.
The Use of a Tablet Computer Platform to Optimize the Care of Patients Receiving Peritoneal Dialysis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Harrington Daphne M. , Myers Linda , Eisenman Karen , Bhise Viraj , Nayak K.S. , Rosner Mitchell H.
Published: April 2017

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) affords patients increased independence and improved quality of life. However, the lack of more frequent monitoring may compromise outcomes and decrease wider uptake of this modality. This study uses a novel tablet computer-based interface to allow real-time monitoring and two-way communication to better link PD patients with a dialysis center and care providers. Methods: A tablet computer with an application that allows enhanced monitoring of all aspects of PD was given to patients to assess their usage in a pilot trial. The interface allows patients to review sterility techniques, enter vital signs and exchange data, upload media such as photos and video clips, synchronize data to be viewed by medical staff, and allow real-time adjustments to the PD prescription. Satisfaction with the interface and comments for enhancement were analyzed using a simple self-administered questionnaire. Results: Six continuous ambulatory PD patients were enrolled in this pilot study. A total number of 1,172 exchanges were recorded over a period of 251 days. Compliance with the applications ranged from 51 to 92%. No major adverse events were recorded. The overall impression of the interface was 5.2 out of 10. The major criticism was that the application needs to be adjusted depending upon the experience level of the patient and that data entry needs to be simplified and automated. Conclusion: A tablet computer platform is a feasible concept for continuous ambulatory PD. The major components include flexibility, advanced infrastructure, two-way communication, and real-time interaction. This may encourage more patients to take up PD as their preferred modality of therapy for end-stage renal disease. Modifications to enhance use will be incorporated in subsequent versions.
Association Between Chronic Kidney Disease Progression and Cardiovascular Disease: Results from the CRIC Study
Authors: Rahman Mahboob , Xie Dawei , Feldman Harold I. , Go Alan S. , He Jiang , Kusek John W. , Lash James , Miller III Edgar R. , Ojo Akinlolu , Pan Qiang , Seliger Stephen L. , Steigerwalt Susan , Townsend Ray R. ,   for the CRIC Study Investigators
Published: April 2017

Background and Aims: There is limited information on the risk of progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among individuals with CVD (cardiovascular disease). We studied the association between prevalent CVD and the risk of progression of CKD among persons enrolled in a long-term observational study. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 3,939 women and men with CKD enrolled in the chronic renal insufficiency cohort (CRIC) study between June 2003 and June 2008. Prevalent cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction/revascularization, heart failure, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease) was determined by self-report at baseline. The primary outcome was a composite of either end-stage renal disease or a 50% decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) from baseline. Results: One-third (1,316 of 3,939, 33.4%) of the study participants reported a history of any cardiovascular disease, and 9.6% (n = 382) a history of heart failure at baseline. After a median follow up of 6.63 years, 1,028 patients experienced the primary outcome. The composite of any CVD at baseline was not independently associated with the primary outcome (Hazard Ratio 1.04 95% CI (0.91, 1.19)). However, a history of heart failure was independently associated with a 29% higher risk of the primary outcome (Hazard Ratio 1.29 95% CI (1.06, 1.57)). The relationship between heart failure and risk of CKD progression was consistent in subgroups defined by age, race, gender, baseline eGFR, and diabetes. Neither the composite measure of any CVD or heart failure was associated with the rate of decline in eGFR. Conclusions: Self-reported heart failure was an independent risk factor for the development of the endpoint of ESRD or 50% decline in GFR in a cohort of patients with chronic kidney disease. i 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel
Pancreatic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Abedi Seyed Hassan , Ahmadzadeh Alireza , Mohammad Alizadeh Amir Houshang
Published: April 2017

Pancreatic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a rare event. Here, we present a 56-year-old man with pancreatic SCC. Imaging methods demonstrated a hypodense mass at the head and trunk of the pancreas. Also, some lymphadenopathy has been seen around the pancreas and para-aorta. The mass created pressure and encasement on the celiac trunk, portal vein, and arteries of the liver and spleen. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a mass lesion of 45–37 mm (mixed echoic) at the trunk of the pancreas. Histological examination of the endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration specimen confirmed the diagnosis of SCC. The disease is highly aggressive, most often locally advanced or metastatic at diagnosis, and poorly responsive to treatment. It also has generally poor survival rates.
Meta-Analysis of Paediatric Patients with Central Precocious Puberty Treated with Intramuscular Triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-Month Prolonged-Release Formulation
Authors: Durand Adélaïde , Tauber Maithé , Patel Bharat , Dutailly Pascale
Published: April 2017

Background/Aims: A meta-analysis was undertaken to assess the effect of triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month prolonged-release formulation in central precocious puberty (CPP). Methods: All available clinical studies with triptorelin 11.25 mg were included. The primary outcome was the proportion of children with suppressed luteinising hormone (LH) response (peak LH ≤3 IU/L) to the gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test 3 months after triptorelin 11.25 mg injection. Secondary outcomes included: the proportion with suppressed peak LH response at 6 months and the proportion with suppressed peak follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) response (≤3 IU/L), suppressed oestradiol (≤20 pmol/L) in girls or suppressed testosterone (≤30 ng/dL) in boys at 3 months. Results: 153 children (13 boys, 140 girls) were included. The proportion with a suppressed peak LH response to the GnRH test was 87.6% (95% CI: 81.3–92.4, p < 0.0001, for a proportion >70%) and 92.8% (95% CI: 87.5–96.4, p < 0.0001, for a proportion >70%) at 3 and 6 months, respectively. FSH peak, oestradiol, and testosterone were suppressed in 86.7% (95% CI: 79.1–92.4), 97.1% (95% CI: 91.6–99.4), and 72.7% (95% CI: 39.0–94.0) of children at 3 months, respectively. Conclusion: Triptorelin 11.25 mg 3-month formulation is efficacious in suppressing LH peak and other gonadal hormones and in slowing the progression of CPP in children.
How Milk and Its Proteins Affect Growth, Bone Health, and Weight
Authors: Yackobovitch-Gavan Michal , Phillip Moshe , Gat-Yablonski Galia
Published: April 2017

Milk has long been recognized to constitute a complete, well-balanced source of the nutrients and energy required to ensure the proper postnatal growth and development of infants. A growing body of evidence suggests the positive effects of dairy products and particularly of milk proteins on linear growth also in older children, both healthy or during recovery from malnutrition. This evidence led the way to the performance of extensive research aimed to delineate the components of milk and the mechanisms acting to make milk so effective. The present review summarizes the current knowledge regarding the influence of milk and its proteins on linear growth in healthy and malnourished children, focusing also on other important aspects of healthy growth, including bone health, weight status, and body composition.
Risk and Survival of Patients with Head and Neck Cutaneous Melanoma: National Perspective
Authors: Al-Qurayshi Zaid , Hassan Mohamed , Srivastav Sudesh , Sperry Steven , Pagedar Nitin , Hamner John , Kandil Emad
Published: April 2017

Objective: Head and neck cutaneous melanoma represents a distinct entity of skin cancer. We aim to examine management and survival of patients with head and neck cutaneous melanoma. Methods: A retrospective cohort study utilizing the National Cancer Database, 2004-2012. Results: A total of 20,322 (21.2%) head and neck melanomas and 75,547 (78.8%) melanomas of other sites were included. The median follow-up time of head and neck melanoma was 41.6 months (interquartile range: 22.9-68.2 months). Patients with melanoma of the head and neck were more likely to be ≥65 years old, male, and/or white (p < 0.001 each). Positive surgical margin was more prevalent in head and neck melanoma [OR: 2.19, 95% CI: (2.03, 2.37)], and was associated with a lower survival [HR: 1.41, 95% CI: (1.28, 1.57)]. High positive lymph node ratio was associated with a lower survival [HR: 2.00, 95% CI: (1.13, 3.57)]. Adjuvant immunotherapy was associated with an improved survival [HR: 0.67, 95% CI: (0.57, 0.80)]. Conclusion: Head and neck cutaneous melanoma is associated with certain demographics. Surgical margin status, lymph node ratio, and immunotherapy are independently associated with overall survival.
Levocarnitine Injections Decrease the Need for Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents in Hemodialysis Patients with Renal Anemia
Authors: Maruyama Takashi , Higuchi Terumi , Yamazaki Toshio , Okawa Erina , Ando Hideyuki , Oikawa Osamu , Inoshita Atsushi , Okada Kazuyoshi , Abe Masanori
Published: April 2017

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of levocarnitine injection for renal anemia in hemodialysis patients. Methods: In this randomized controlled clinical trial, we randomly assigned patients on maintenance hemodialysis at our hospital to receive levocarnitine injections (n = 30) or no injection (n = 30) and monitored the patients during 12 months of treatment. In the treatment group, patients received an injection of levocarnitine 1,000 mg 3 times weekly after hemodialysis sessions. All patients received recombinant human erythropoietin as an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent (ESA). Response to ESA therapy was determined by calculating the erythropoietin responsiveness index (ERI; ESA dose·kg-1·g-1· dL-1·week-1). Results: (1) The target levels of hemoglobin and hematocrit were maintained during the study period in both the levocarnitine group and the control group. (2) The dose of ESAs required to maintain these levels decreased gradually in the levocarnitine group and was significantly lower at 6 and 12 months than at study initiation. Furthermore, the dose of ESAs was significantly lower than that in the control group at 12 months. (3) The ERI showed a significant decrease at 6 and 12 months in the levocarnitine group, with a significant difference between the 2 groups at 12 months. Conclusion: Our results suggest that levocarnitine administration can reduce the dose of ESAs required in patients with renal anemia on hemodialysis and improve the response to ESA therapy.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Features as Surrogate Markers of X-Linked Hypophosphatemic Rickets Activity
Authors: Lempicki Marta , Rothenbuhler Anya , Merzoug Valérie , Franchi-Abella Stéphanie , Chaussain Catherine , Adamsbaum Catherine , Linglart Agnès
Published: April 2017

Objective: X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets (XLH) is the most common form of inheritable rickets. Rickets treatment is monitored by assessing alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels, clinical features, and radiographs. Our objectives were to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of XLH and to assess correlations with disease activity. Study Design: Twenty-seven XLH patients (median age 9.2 years) were included in this prospective single-center observational study. XLH activity was assessed using height, leg bowing, dental abscess history, and serum ALP levels. We looked for correlations between MRI features and markers of disease activity. Results: On MRI, the median maximum width of the physis was 5.6 mm (range 4.8–7.8; normal <1.5), being >1.5 mm in all of the patients. The appearance of the zone of provisional calcification was abnormal on 21 MRI images (78%), Harris lines were present on 24 (89%), and bone marrow signal abnormalities were present on 16 (59%). ALP levels correlated with the maximum physeal widening and with the transverse extent of the widening. Conclusions: MRI of the knee provides precise rickets patterns that are correlated with ALP, an established biochemical marker of the disease, avoiding X-ray exposure and providing surrogate quantitative markers of disease activity.
Inside out the Ragbag of Glucose Intolerance in Obese Adolescents
Authors: Brufani Claudia , Tura Andrea , Bedogni Giorgio , Luciano Rosa , Sbrignadello Stefano , Fintini Danilo , Cappa Marco , Weiss Ram , Manco Melania
Published: April 2017

Background/Aims: The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is rising among obese adolescents in parallel with epidemic obesity. In some cases, IGT reverts to normal glucose tolerance (NGT) by the end of puberty. The aims of the present study were to investigate metabolic factors determining changes over time of glucose at 120 min (Glu120) following an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and to verify whether preserved β-cell glucose sensitivity (βCGS) protects against persistent IGT. Methods: We performed a cohort study of 153 severely obese children and adolescents evaluated with a 5-point OGTT at baseline and at follow-up with measurements of glucose, insulin, and C-peptide to estimate several empirical parameters of insulin sensitivity (includ ing oral glucose insulin sensitivity [OGIS] and OGTT-derived glucose effectiveness) and secretion. Results: At follow-up (range 0.9–4.8 year), 113 (73.9%) patients remained with NGT, 9 (5.9%) had IGT, and 28 (18.3%) had reverted to NGT; 3 NGT patients had developed IGT. In multivariable models, change in loge(βCGS) was inversely associated with time-related change in loge(Glu120), with (model 2) and without (model 1) correction for the change in loge(OGIS). Model 2 was more strongly associated with change in loge(Glu120). Conclusions: Changes in βCGS and insulin sensitivity were inversely associated with changes in Glu120 at follow-up, contributing a likely explanation for the reversal of IGT to NGT.
Intrafamilial Phenotypic Variability and Consequences of Non-Compliance with Treatment in Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia and Congenital Hypothyroidism within a Single Family
Authors: Improda Nicola , Ponmani Caroline , Schoenmakers Nadia , Senniappan Senthil , Atterbury Abigail , Barnicoat Angela , Chatterjee Krishna , Dattani Mehul T.
Published: April 2017

Background: Coexistence of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH) due to TG mutation in the same non-consanguineous family is rare. Case Series: We report 4 siblings born to unrelated parents, the father being an asymptomatic carrier of homozygous p.V281L and heterozygous p.I172N CYP21A2 mutations. Sibling 1 had salt-wasting CAH (CYP21A2 genotype Intron 2 splice/p.I172N and p.V281L). She also had CH (TG genotype p.R296/ p.T1416Rfs*30) and learning difficulties. Poor compliance and morbid obesity resulted in short stature, precocious puberty, hirsutism, amenorrhoea, insulin insensitivity and a possible adrenal adenoma. Sibling 3 (CYP21A2 and TG genotype similar to sibling 1) is a boy presenting with salt-wasting CAH, CH, and developmental delay. He was overweight and underwent precocious puberty. Although siblings 2 and 4 (both females) share the same CYP21A2 genotype (Intron 2 splice/p.V281L), the former only had biochemical evidence of CAH, while the latter presented at 9.8 years of age with a history of pubarche at 7 years and advanced bone age. Conclusions: We report the unusual occurrence of 2 rare autosomal recessive diseases, CAH and CH. Our cases highlight the phenotypic variability of CAH and CH due to TG mutations, even within a single family, and illustrate the importance of optimal disease control.
Pigment Epithelium-Derived Factor Declines in Response to an Oral Glucose Load and Is Correlated with Vitamin D and BMI but Not Diabetes Status in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Sylvetsky Allison C. , Issa Najy T. , Chandran Avinash , Brown Rebecca J. , Alamri Hussam J. , Aitcheson Gabriella , Walter Mary , Rother Kristina I.
Published: April 2017

Background: Pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) is associated with obesity and diabetes complications in adults, yet little is known about PEDF in younger individuals. We investigated the relationship between PEDF and various metabolic biomarkers in young healthy volunteers (HV) and similar-aged patients with diabetes (type 1 and type 2). Methods: A fasting blood sample was collected in 48 HV, 11 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D), and 11 patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) 12–25 years of age. In 9 healthy subjects, PEDF was also serially measured during a frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Results: PEDF was positively correlated with BMI and systolic blood pressure and negatively correlated with vitamin D. Upon multivariable analysis, BMI and vitamin D were independent predictors of PEDF. Prior to adjustment, PEDF was highest in T2D patients (7,168.9 ± 4417.4 ng/mL) and lowest in individuals with T1D (2,967.7 ± 947.1 ng/mL) but did not differ by diagnosis when adjusted for BMI and vitamin D. Among volunteers who underwent an OGTT, PEDF declined by ∼20% in response to an oral glucose load. Conclusion: PEDF was acutely regulated by a glucose load and was correlated with BMI but not with diabetes. The negative correlation with vitamin D, independent of BMI, raises the question whether PEDF plays a compensatory role in bone matrix mineralization.
Understanding the process of workplace psychological harassment: differences between organizational and interpersonal psychological harassment
Authors: Glina Debora Miriam Raab , Rocha Lys Ester
Published: April 2017

Objetivos: compreender o processo de assédio moral no trabalho com base nas percepções de 64 pacientes avaliados no Serviço de Saúde Ocupacional do Hospital das Clínicas, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo e comparar as práticas e políticas organizacionais e os dados sócio-demográficos associados ao assédio moral interpessoal e ao assédio moral organizacional. Método: integração de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos; dados coletados entre 2007 e 2012. O protocolo psicológico constituiu-se de 4 entrevistas para coleta de dados e uma consulta para orientação. Foi realizada análise estatística descritiva complementada por tabelas de contingência entre variáveis de interesse, verificando a existência de associações por meio de testes (com nível de significância de 10%). Resultados: as associações com assédio moral organizacional foram: idade entre 40 e 50 anos, trabalho em empresas privadas, realizar horas extras, falta de controle sobre o ritmo de trabalho, número insuficiente de funcionários, sobrecarga de trabalho, altos níveis de pressão temporal, sujeito a deadlines, inexistência de um sistema de recompensas, maior exigência cognitiva, formas de assédio – humilhação, pressão por produção, discriminação/falta de equidade e relacionado a salários e benefícios. As associações com o assédio moral interpessoal foram: bom relacionamento com colegas, falta de reconhecimento pela empresa, inadequação do posto de trabalho, layout e ferramentas de trabalho, diagnostico não relacionado a circunstâncias familiares e predominância de outras formas de assédio. Conclusão: O assédio moral no trabalho é um processo complexo e multifacetado. A existência de dois fenômenos distintos – o assédio moral interpessoal e o assédio moral organizacional foi revelado.
Relação entre uso do telefone celular antes de dormir, qualidade do sono e sonolência diurna
Authors: Freitas Carine Cristina Moraes , Gozzoli Agda Lopes Donabella Marconi , Konno Juliana Naomi , Fuess Vera Lucia Ribeiro
Published: April 2017

OBJETIVO: Verificar alteração na qualidade e duração do sono, assim como na sonolência diurna após os alunos se absterem do uso do telefone celular próximo ao horário de dormir. METODOLOGIA: Comparou-se a mesma população de estudantes de medicina em duas ocasiões: em uso normal do aparelho e após ficar sem usá-lo uma hora antes de dormir durante 15 dias. A amostra foi composta por 76 estudantes de medicina, do 1º ao 4º ano, com idades entre 17 e 40, que se voluntariaram a participar da pesquisa e assinaram o TCLE. Como instrumentos de coleta de dados, foram utilizados os questionários: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Escala de Sonolência de Epworth (ESE) e um instrumento para avaliar o uso do celular desenvolvido para esta pesquisa. Para análise estatística, foi utilizado o teste t-student pareado não-paramétrico, sendo adotado um p<0,05 como nível de significância. RESULTADOS: Foram observadas mudanças significativas nos resultados do PSQI (p<0,01) com melhora da qualidade do sono em 65,7% dos participantes (média pré 8,2 ± 2,9/média pós 6,4 ± 2,7). Também se observou mudança significativa nos escores da ESE (p<0,01), com diminuição da sonolência diurna em 85,5% dos participantes (média pré 8.9 ± 3,3/média pós 5,1 ± 2,7 pontos). DISCUSSÃO: Houve significativa melhora tanto na qualidade do sono dos voluntários quanto na sonolência diurna. Um importante fator a ser considerado é que a restrição dada aos voluntários foi somente com relação ao uso do celular, não estando incluídos outros aparelhos eletrônicos. Também não foi levada em consideração neste estudo a ansiedade gerada pela intervenção. Ambos os fatores podem ter relação com os casos de piora ou manutenção dos escores. Com a restrição do uso do aparelho celular por uma hora antes de dormir por um período de 15 dias, foi possível notar mudanças estatisticamente significativas no sono dos participantes.
Síndrome da morte súbita infantil em Pelotas de 2006 a 2013: uma análise descritiva
Authors: Lorea Rafaella de Lima , Pilger Maurício Castro , Ceia Milton Luiz
Published: April 2017

A Síndrome da Morte Súbita Infantil (SMSI) ocupa a oitava posição entre as causas de anos potenciais de vida perdidos e as primeiras posições como causa de mortalidade infantil pós-neonatal em países desenvolvidos1. O presente estudo objetiva conhecer as características socioepidemiológicas das crianças que foram a óbito por SMSI no município de Pelotas. Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, descritivo baseado nos dados da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde coletados através da aplicação de Fichas de Investigação de óbitos padronizadas pelo Ministério da Saúde de todos os casos de SMSI que ocorreram do ano de 2006 a 2013 em Pelotas, RS. Houve 37 óbitos registrados no período, o que representa um coeficiente de mortalidade por SMSI de 1,5 por mil. A média de idade materna foi de 23,5 anos (dp=5,2), 29 (78%) eram fumantes e 23 (62%) concederam aleitamento materno exclusivo até a data do óbito, 28 (76%) tiverem seus bebês nascidos a termo. Dentre os 37 casos, 16 (43%) vieram a falecer com menos de 1 mês de vida, 26 (70%) dormiam junto aos pais e 23 (61%) em decúbito lateral, enquanto que apenas 2 (5%) em decúbito ventral e 16 (43%) dos casos de SMSI ocorreram durante o inverno. O presente estudo é o único que abrange tamanha amostra (37 casos) de SMSI na cidade de Pelotas, a qual apresenta um coeficiente de mortalidade por essa patologia semelhante aos mais altos encontrados na literatura. Portanto, políticas públicas que visem a prevenção de SMSI em Pelotas são necessárias.
Schizophrenia: neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration or neurodevelopment? A genetic overview
Authors: Polho Gabriel Berlingieri , Paula Vanessa de Jesus Rodrigues de
Published: April 2017

Schizophrenia is a devastating mental illness and its etiology is still largely unknown. Several gene mapping studies suggest that schizophrenia is a complex disorder, with a cumulative impact of variable genetic effects coupled with environmental factors. There is evidence that schizophrenia could be a neurodegenerative, neuroinflammatory or neurodevelopmental disorder. Neuropsychological data indicate neurocognitive functions are relatively stable over time after illness onset, whereas morphological data indicate a degenerative process; potential roles of neuroinflammation in the etiology of psychiatric diseases including schizophrenia have also been suggested. Recent research indicates genetic overlap between schizophrenia and syndromes in which psychopathology manifests in childhood and that are often grouped together as ‘neurodevelopmental disorders’. These findings challenge the etiological basis of current diagnostic categories and, together with evidence for frequent comorbidity, suggest that we should view the functional psychoses as members of a group that result in part from a combination of genetic and environmental effects on brain development and that are associated with specific and general impairments of cognitive function. The objective was to perform a systematic literature review of articles on genetics of schizophrenia relating to neurodegeneration, neuroinflammation and neurodevelopment. After proper filter, we included 40 studies and reviewed each finding and its relevance to the hypotheses. We can conclude that the evidence points to schizophrenia as a neurodevelopmental disease with the direct presence of factors related to neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.
O papel da Cirurgia Plástica no tratamento de feridas complexas – Infecção de esternotomia por KPC: relato de caso
Authors: Ghaffar Sumaya Abdul , Martines Carolina Minelli , Steiner Andreas Reckmann , Braga Raphael Vilela , Gallafrio Samuel Terra , Gemperli Rolf
Published: April 2017

Introdução. Um dos grandes objetivos da Liga Acadêmica de Cirurgia Plástica é a desmistificação da especialidade junto aos acadêmicos, mostrando que a atuação da mesma vai muito além da estética do paciente. A cirurgia reconstrutora procura a restauração da funcionalidade além da estética e, quando envolve o tratamento de feridas complexas, contribui significativamente para a diminuição da morbimortalidade dos pacientes e melhora da qualidade de vida dos mesmos O tórax é local de risco e a infecção de uma esternotomia pode ter evolução rápida e devastadora para mediastinite. Apresentação do caso. Homem de 60 anos, hipertenso, ex tabagista e ex etilista submetido a revascularização miocárdica completa eletiva em 2015, evoluiu em 14ºPO com hiperemia de cicatriz de esternotomia, submetido a ampla antibioticoterapia sem melhora. Foi avaliado pela Cirurgia Plástica conforme protocolo do hospital e indicada abordagem cirúrgica pela mesma, com desbridamento amplo e instalação de terapia por pressão negativa; a cultura do fragmento esternal identificou KPC multirresistente, bactéria de difícil tratamento. Após 3 abordagens cirúrgicas, com 2 trocas de terapia por pressão negativa (TPPN) e extensa antibioticoterapia, a evolução do paciente foi favorável. Discussão e Conclusão. O tratamento de feridas operatórias infectadas vai além da ampla antibioticoterapia, é necessária a abordagem da ferida com desbridamento, porém o por si só não é o suficiente e o fechamento de uma ferida infectada tem consequências desastrosas. A TPPN permitiu uma grande revolução no tratamento de feridas, pois cria um ambiente suficientemente seco que dificulta a proliferação bacteriana e favorece a cicatrização local como um todo. A abordagem de feridas pela Cirurgia Plástica é um grande exemplo de área de atuação que vai além da preocupação estética – tem-se uma importante diminuição de mortalidade e morbidade para os pacientes.
Privação do alimento e incidências na constituição psíquica: um estudo sobre o estabelecimento da demanda em crianças diagnosticadas com desnutrição a partir da aplicação da Avaliação Psicanalítica aos Três Anos
Authors: Martins Karla Patrícia Holanda , Lima Maria Celina Peixoto , Simão Gabriela Monteiro , Sousa Allan Ratts de
Published: April 2017

Este artigo insere-se em uma linha de estudos cujo objetivo é refletir sobre a experiência da fome na infância e suas possíveis relações com o processo de consti- tuição psíquica. Apresentaremos aqui um recorte dos resultados da aplicação do instrumento Avaliação Psicanalítica aos 3 anos (AP3), realizada em uma instituição do terceiro setor da cidade de Fortaleza, estado do Ceará, referência no tratamento da desnutrição infantil. Com a análise, pôde-se relacionar a prevalência dos quadros de desnutrição aos processos de esta- belecimento da demanda, levando em consideração que a privação do alimento pode ter como correlato, paradoxalmente, a sua recusa.
Understanding the subjectivity of adolescents received in the institut médico-éducatif: interests, limits and perspectives on clinical psychology tools
Authors: Ecotière Marie-Anne
Published: April 2017

Interessar-se pelo ponto de vista subjetivo das pessoas como parte da investigação em psicologia clínica inclui indiscutíveis questões éticas. Há ainda a questão de saber quais ferramentas permitem, na melhor das hipóteses, compreendê-los quando os sujeitos tratados têm limita- ções cognitivas. Este artigo se propõe a discutir os interesses e os limites das ferramentas de psicologia clínica para capturar, da forma mais minuciosa possível, as representações singulares e subjetivas das pessoas, a partir da ilustração de um trabalho de doutoramento realizado com adolescentes acolhidos em ambiente especializado
Coparenting: a study of systematic literature review
Authors: Souza Priscilla Bellard Mendes de , Ramos Maely Da Silva , Pontes Fernando Augusto Ramos , Silva Simone Souza da Costa
Published: April 2017

O conceito de coparentalidade tem sido cada vez mais correlacionado ao ajustamento infantil e desenvolvimento dos filhos. Através de uma revisão sistemática da literatura, este artigo descreve as medidas de coparentalidade mais frequentes, assim como os contextos familiares mais investigados encontradas nos estudos do banco de dados da Capes. Foram analisados somente estudos empíricos, nos idiomas inglês, português e espanhol publicados entre os anos 2000 e 2014. Dois testes de relevância foram aplicados, tendo sido aprovados para análise final 37 estudos. Os resultados mostraram que há predominância dos instrumentos em forma de escalas, tendo sido encontrado com maior frequência os instrumentos Coparenting Family Rating System, o Protocolo de Observação Coparental e o Parental Alliance Inventory, sendo a família nuclear a configuração familiar mais estudada. A partir da pesquisa realizada, pôde-se concluir que as pesquisas empíricas de coparentalidade precisam agregar metodologias qualitativas e possibilitar que famílias heterogêneas sejam investigadas
Simulação estocástica aplicada à análise temporal do nível potenciométrico no entorno da represa de Três Irmãos na área urbana da cidade de Pereira Barreto (SP)
Authors: Rocha Marcelo Monteiro da , Leite Cláudio Benedito Baptista , Araújo Ricardo Gerasimenko de
Published: April 2017

O fechamento da barragem e a consequente formação do reservatório de Três Irmãos, em Pereira Barreto (SP), provocaram elevação do nível potenciométrico circunvizinho com implicações geotécnicas para o meio ambiente e a ocupação humana, oferecendo riscos que precisam ser mitigados. Dados provenientes de poços de controle, situados na cidade de Pereira Barreto, nas margens da represa, foram coletados em campanhas de monitoramento antes, durante e após o enchimento do reservatório, gerando um conjunto de superfícies potenciométricas empilhadas no tempo. Essa estruturação delineou uma análise espaço-temporal. A superfície potenciométrica foi modelada por simulação estocástica por bandas rotativas com a finalidade de fazer a análise de variância que utilizou duas simulações representando cenários opostos. O primeiro cenário foi o que apresentou o menor aumento do nível de água e outro, o maior. Tal fato resultou em um modelo tridimensional, demonstrando a progressão da elevação do nível de água, e possibilitou a observação de três períodos com comportamentos hidráulicos característicos e distintos: 1) uma situação inicial de equilíbrio hidráulico antes do enchimento; 2) momento de desequilíbrio e heterogeneidade durante o processo; 3) retomada do equilíbrio ao final do enchimento do reservatório. A análise algébrica de imagens também foi realizada por meio de um filtro definido para combinar os dois cenários e reforçar seus contrastes. A ação desse filtro gerou um mapa de variâncias que identificou duas regiões: uma de grande variação a centro-nordeste da área e uma região menos suscetível a variações a sudoeste da área investigada, respectivamente, as regiões de maior e menor variação do nível potenciométrico.
Análise de fácies e petrografia de uma seção do Membro Crato em Nova Olinda (CE): contribuições à história deposicional e diagenética do neoaptiano na Bacia do Araripe
Authors: Santos Felipe Holanda dos , Azevedo Juan Moreira de , Nascimento Junior Daniel Rodrigues do , Souza Ana Clara Braga de , Mendes Marcio , Bezerra Irineudo , Limaverde Saulo
Published: April 2017

Na Bacia do Araripe, o Membro Crato é uma das mais importantes unidades estratigráficas por seu conteúdo fossilífero, seu contexto análogo ao das “Camadas Pré-Sal” e seu aproveitamento econômico como material de revestimento. Neste trabalho, análises de fácies e petrográficas foram combinadas no estudo de uma seção do Membro Crato em Nova Olinda (CE), com o intuito de investigar sua história deposicional e diagenética. Para tanto, a faciologia de uma seção colunar contínua de cerca de 70 m de espessura foi analisada com a coleta de 13 amostras de rochas carbonáticas, siliciclásticas e evaporíticas. As amostras foram analisadas por petrografia ótica. Foram descritas cinco fácies deposicionais: lamito margoso (Lm), calcilutito laminado (Cl), arenito maciço (Am), siltito com laminação cruzada cavalgante (Scc) e evaporito colunar (Ec). As fácies mais espessas e recorrentes foram interpretadas como lacustres (Lm, Cl), seguidas de sucessões aluviais (Am, Scc) em meio aos intervalos lacustres. A sucessão termina com indícios faciológicos de que condições de extrema aridez (Ec) foram atingidas ao final do intervalo descrito. A petrografia, aqui focada em rochas das fácies Cl, Am e Scc, reforça a ideia de que o intervalo do Aptiano local correspondia a um sistema lacustre árido, eventualmente alimentado por fluxos aluviais imaturos a partir de áreas-fontes próximas. Em particular, o baixíssimo grau de compactação mecânica e cimentação incipiente das rochas terrígenas sugere que a sucessão foi pouco afetada por diagênese após seu soterramento, que foi, por essa razão, pouco profundo. A semelhança dos intervalos terrígenos do Membro Crato com aqueles descritos para a porção final da sotoposta Formação Barbalha sugere contemporaneidade com passagem transicional retrogradante entre as duas unidades.
Análise multitemporal do sistema fluvial Solimões-Amazonas entre os tributários Purus e Negro, Amazônia Ocidental, Brasil
Authors: Passos Marcel Silva , Soares Emílio Alberto Amaral
Published: April 2017

Nas últimas décadas, as feições geomorfológicas de trechos do sistema fluvial Solimões-Amazonas têm sido estudadas por meio de imagens de sensores remotos, aliados a dados de análise multitemporal, destacando principalmente as modificações morfológicas das planícies aluviais e canais deste sistema. Os primeiros estudos utilizavam bases cartográficas de menor precisão em comparação às atuais e não consideravam alguns fatores como a cota dos rios, tipos de sensores e imprecisões na aquisição dos dados, o que diminui a acurácia dos dados. Atualmente, dentre os fatores mais enfatizados na análise desse sistema fluvial, destacam-se a taxa de migração dos canais e a definição do estilo fluvial em diferentes trechos, que variam entre os tipos mais conhecidos na literatura. Este trabalho demonstra por meio da análise multitemporal de imagens Landsat-5/TM a fase final de evolução do sistema fluvial Solimões-Amazonas, no trecho entre os tributários Purus e Negro, no decorrer dos anos de 1991 e 2011. As interpretações indicam leve predominância dos processos deposicionais em relação aos erosivos no trecho analisado, com áreas de 8,56 km2 e 6,86 km2, respectivamente, obtendo-se assim uma taxa de migração média de 0,32%/ano. Os processos deposicionais se concentram principalmente na parte convexa dos meandros e nas áreas a jusante das ilhas, incluindo a formação de novas ilhas, e os erosivos na parte côncava dos meandros e a montante das ilhas. Apesar da dinâmica de erosão e deposição observada no trecho estudado deste sistema, foi possível constatar o elevado padrão de estabilidade dos canais, o qual é coerente com dados batimétricos e de taxa de migração de estudos geológicos regionais, que ajudam a caracterizar o atual estilo fluvial anabranching.
Hypercholesterolemia Induces Differentiation of Regulatory T Cells in the Liver
Authors: Mailer Reiner K.W. , Gisterå Anton , Polyzos Konstantinos A. , Ketelhuth Daniel F.J. , Hansson Göran K.
Published: April 2017

Rationale:

The liver is the central organ that responds to dietary cholesterol intake and facilitates the release and clearance of lipoprotein particles. Persistent hypercholesterolemia leads to immune responses against lipoprotein particles that drive atherosclerosis. However, the effect of hypercholesterolemia on hepatic T-cell differentiation remains unknown.

Objective:

To investigate hepatic T-cell subsets upon hypercholesterolemia.

Methods and Results:

We observed that hypercholesterolemia elevated the intrahepatic regulatory T (Treg) cell population and increased the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 in the liver. Adoptive transfer experiments revealed that intrahepatically differentiated Treg cells relocated to the inflamed aorta in atherosclerosis-prone low-density lipoprotein receptor deficient (
Ldlr
−/−
) mice. Moreover, hypercholesterolemia induced the differentiation of intrahepatic, but not intrasplenic, Th17 cells in wild-type mice, whereas the disrupted liver homeostasis in hypercholesterolemic
Ldlr
−/−
mice led to intrahepatic Th1 cell differentiation and CD11b
+
CD11c
+
leukocyte accumulation.

Conclusions:

Our results elucidate a new mechanism that controls intrahepatic T-cell differentiation during atherosclerosis development and indicates that intrahepatically differentiated T cells contribute to the CD4
+
T-cell pool in the atherosclerotic aorta.