bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical Performance of an Extended Range of Vision Intraocular Lens After LASIK
Authors: Carreras Humberto , Reñones Josefina , Carreras María del Rosario , Cantó Carlos , Piñero David P.
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the clinical and patient-reported outcomes (PROMs) of cataract surgery with implantation of a wavefront-shaping extended depth of focus (EDOF) intraocular lens (IOL) in eyes with previous laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) for myopia correction.

Methods

This prospective observational study enrolled 50 eyes with previous LASIK from 25 patients (age: 46 to 70 years) who underwent cataract surgery with implantation of the AcrySof IQ Vivity IOL (Alcon Laboratories, Inc). Visual and refractive outcomes were evaluated during a 3-month follow-up. PROMs were evaluated with the Intraocular Lens Satisfaction (IOLSAT; Alcon Vision, LLC) (general satisfaction), Catquest-9SF (difficulty in doing vision-related activities), and Questionnaire for Visual Disturbances (QUVID; Alcon Vision, LLC) (photic phenomena) questionnaires.

Results

Mean 3-month postoperative binocular uncorrected distance, intermediate, and near visual acuities were 0.02 ± 0.11, −0.02 ± 0.09, and 0.14 ± 0.13 logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution (logMAR), respectively. Mean binocular distance-corrected intermediate and near visual acuities were 0.05 ± 0.11 and 0.32 ± 0.14 logMAR, respectively. All eyes had a postoperative spherical equivalent within ±0.75 diopters (D). The mean defocus curve showed visual acuity values better than 0.20 logMAR for defocus levels from +0.50 to −1.50 D. Most patients (92.0%) confirmed that they had no vision-related difficulties limiting their normal daily life. Perception of starbursts, halos, glare, hazy vision, blurry vision, and double vision was referred by 24%, 24%, 28%, 28%, 8%, and 4% of patients, respectively. Most of symptoms were described as mild and not or a little bothersome.

Conclusions

The wavefront-shaping EDOF IOL evaluated provides efficacious distance, intermediate, and near visual restoration in eyes with previous LASIK, with minimal photic phenomena associated.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2024;40(10):e742–e753.]
Discrete Hepatitis C virus model with local dynamics, chaos and bifurcations
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer , Yaqoob Ayesha , Alsaadi Ateq
Published: October 2024

Mathematical models play a crucial role in understanding the dynamics of epidemic diseases by providing insights into how they spread and be controlled. In biomathematics, mathematical modeling is a powerful tool for interpreting the experimental results of biological phenomena related to disease transmission, offering precise and quantitative insights into the processes involved. This paper focused on a discrete mathematical model of the Hepatitis C virus (HCV) to analyze its dynamical behavior. Initially, we examined the local dynamics at steady states, providing a foundation for understanding the system's stability under various conditions. We then conducted a detailed bifurcation analysis, revealing that the discrete HCV model undergoes a Neimark-Sacker bifurcation at the uninfected steady state. Notably, our analysis showed that no period-doubling or fold bifurcations occur at this state. Further investigation at the infected steady state demonstrated the presence of both period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations, which are characterized using explicit criteria. By employing a feedback control strategy, we explored chaotic behavior within the HCV model, highlighting the complex dynamics that can arise under certain conditions. Numerical simulations were conducted to verify the theoretical results, illustrating the model's validity and applicability. From a biological perspective, the insights gained from this analysis enhance our understanding of HCV transmission dynamics and potential intervention strategies. The presence of Neimark-Sacker bifurcation at the uninfected steady state implies that small perturbations could lead to oscillatory behavior, which may correspond to fluctuations in the number of infections over time. This finding suggests that maintaining stability at this steady state is critical for preventing outbreaks. The period-doubling and Neimark-Sacker bifurcations at the infected steady state indicate the potential for more complex oscillatory patterns, which could represent persistent cycles of infection and remission in a population. Finally, exploration of chaotic dynamics through feedback control highlights the challenges in predicting disease spread and the need for careful management strategies to avoid chaotic outbreaks.
An approximate analytical solution for groundwater variation in unconfined aquifers subject to variable boundary water levels and groundwater recharge
Authors: Wang An-Ping , Wu Ming-Chang , Hsieh Ping-Cheng
Published: October 2024

This study investigated the effects of fluctuating boundary water levels and surface recharge on groundwater flow within unconfined aquifers. We aimed to understand how changes in recharge patterns and variable boundary water levels, such as those from rivers or canals, affect groundwater levels over time and space. To achieve this, we solved the linearized Boussinesq equation using the time-marching method alongside the generalized integral transformation method. Our analysis focused on how different types of recharge affect groundwater level variations and flow dynamics. We found that boundary effects on groundwater level change propagate from the edges toward the aquifer's center, becoming more pronounced with increased boundary water levels. Over time, the system stabilizes, leading to a steady water table height and flow rate, which depend on the disparity between the boundary water levels. Our analytical model demonstrated flexibility and practical applicability by allowing for the consideration or omission of various influencing factors, thus facilitating complete knowledge about groundwater variations and offering future strategic insights for sustainable groundwater resource management.
Modeling sub-exponential epidemic growth dynamics through unobserved individual heterogeneity: a frailty model approach
Authors: Yan Ping , Chowell Gerardo
Published: October 2024

Traditional compartmental models of epidemic transmission often predict an initial phase of exponential growth, assuming uniform susceptibility and interaction within the population. However, empirical outbreak data frequently show early stages of sub-exponential growth in case incidences, challenging these assumptions and indicating that traditional models may not fully encompass the complexity of epidemic dynamics. This discrepancy has been addressed through models that incorporate early behavioral changes or spatial constraints within contact networks. In this paper, we propose the concept of "frailty", which represents the variability in individual susceptibility and transmission, as a more accurate approach to understanding epidemic growth. This concept shifts our understanding from a purely exponential model to a more nuanced, generalized model, depending on the level of heterogeneity captured by the frailty parameter. By incorporating this type of heterogeneity, often overlooked in traditional models, we present a novel mathematical framework. This framework enhances our understanding of how individual differences affect key epidemic metrics, including reproduction numbers, epidemic size, likelihood of stochastic extinction, impact of public health interventions, and accuracy of disease forecasts. By accounting for individual heterogeneity, our approach suggests that a more complex and detailed understanding of disease spread is necessary to accurately predict and manage outbreaks.
Information and Communication Technologies for the Civic Participation of Parents in Schools: A Systematic Review
Authors: Tello-Flores Braulio , López-Regalado Oscar
Published: October 2024

The Internet has become a space where parents share their parenting experiences. However, citizenship education requires digital skills that go beyond the simple critical ability to evaluate virtual information and understand its relevance. This paper is a systematic literature review that examines the progress of parents’ citizenship participation in schools through information and communication technologies (ICT) over the period from 2016 to 2024. The study adopts a bibliometric approach and follows the guidelines of the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement. It analyzes 50 articles in the context of the PRISMA declaration. It focuses on three main aspects: the panoramic vision of digital citizenship, the semantic connection between groups of interconnected terms, and the role of parents in shaping citizenship. The results reveal a notable 31.61% increase in parents’ civic participation in school, identifying parents’ expectations in their children’s learning as well as students’ civic participation in school, highlighting the use of digital technologies to foster collaborative and academic learning in the construction of ICT-mediated citizenship.
Towards a Literature Review Methodology: A Practical Guide in the Context of Using Artificial Intelligence in Education
Authors: El Jihaoui Mohamed , Abra Oum El Kheir , Mansouri Khalifa , Ech-Chhibat Moulay El Houssine
Published: October 2024

Scientific research plays an essential role in the development of mankind through its ability to provide innovative solutions and technological advances in various fields. In this perpetual quest, researchers must be active members of the scientific community, sharing their experiences and publishing their work and discoveries. All research work generally begins with a literature review (LR), which involves delving into previous work to examine the current state of knowledge, situate a research topic, and thus identify opportunities and explore new avenues of research. This important step can be arduous and complicated for new researchers. This paper aims to address the challenge faced by new researchers in conducting LRs, particularly in formulating search queries, identifying and selecting relevant studies, and extracting data from each paper, by proposing a methodological approach and applying it through a practical example in the context of using artificial intelligence in education. The approach is guided by the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) framework and focuses on recent studies conducted in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The proposed approach identified 52 out of 336 relevant studies. 65% of these studies were deemed to be of high quality (Q1 and Q2 rankings), and 40% of the articles were published in high-impact academic journals (Q1). This approach is versatile and can be adapted to different fields.
Recomposer les territoires pour les adapter aux effets de la crise climatique : l’après-catastrophe comme opportunité pour une meilleure habitabilité ?
Authors: Rode Sylvain
Published: October 2024

La période qui s’ouvre après une catastrophe est considérée par certains comme une fenêtre d’opportunité pour repenser l’aménagement des territoires vulnérables. Dans un contexte de crise climatique, n’est-ce pas l’occasion de changer la manière de penser l’aménagement, avec les risques, les milieux et leurs dynamiques ? Nous nous efforçons de répondre à ce questionnement à travers l’étude du processus de recomposition urbaine engagé par deux communes du département de l’Aude suite à l’inondation d’octobre 2018. Ce n’est pas, comme trop souvent, la reconstruction à l’identique qui a été privilégiée par les acteurs locaux mais au contraire la volonté de repenser l’organisation du territoire pour le rendre plus résilient face aux crises et plus agréable à vivre au quotidien. Fruit d’une dynamique collective, la recomposition de ces deux territoires s’inscrit dans une logique d’adaptation et de résilience incarnant ainsi, à certains égards, une nouvelle manière d’envisager l’aménagement à l’heure de l’Anthropocène.
Civilización y barbarie: las narrativas de bandidos en la literatura huanuqueña
Authors: Mazeres Javier
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo aborda, en el marco de las llamadas narrativas de bandidos, el fenómeno del bandolerismo en la región altoandina del departamento de Huánuco, una región tradicionalmente identificada con el delito rural. Con el objeto de desentrañar sus principales rasgos a partir de la decodificación e interpretación de sus representaciones literarias, se realiza un análisis del discurso de tres obras: Cuentos andinos, Yarupajá. Los días de Melchor Albornoz y Luis Pardo Novoa y La resaca de los años gloriosos. La idea es contribuir en la construcción de una tipología y caracterización general del bandolerismo peruano, con perspectiva subnacional e histórica, para pasar a pensar cómo ésta sostiene y reproduce sentidos compartidos o en disputa sobre el rol del delito en la construcción de la idea de nación.
Ajuares de la nobleza en contextos de Capacocha: collares, tupus y colgantes de las Doncellas del Ampato y Llullaillaco
Authors: Bachraty Dagmar , Nautré Caroline
Published: October 2024

El presente artículo tiene por objetivo el análisis comparativo y funcional del collar que acompaña la vestimenta de la Doncella del Llullaillaco y los colgantes en miniatura que pendían de los dos tupus metálicos que cierran el acsu de la Doncella del Ampato. El acercamiento multidisciplinario permite establecer la importancia de las prácticas rituales vinculadas a dichos elementos y su relación dentro de los ámbitos de poder político y social que envolvieron a dichas Capacochas. Se destaca, además, que la materialidad con la cual fueron elaborados estos objetos podría estar relacionada con la sacralización de su portadora, su protección y estatus social.
Promises, Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: Afaq Anam , Chaudhary Meenu , Gaur Loveleen
Published: October 2024

This chapter explores how generative artificial intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing healthcare by enhancing efficiency and creating new opportunities. Utilizing Large Language Models and advanced Conversational AI, this technology is transforming patient care, medical documentation, and research by optimizing processes, improving diagnostic accuracy, increasing patient engagement, and simplifying research. Key advancements include synthetic data creation, empathy bubbles for professional education, and clinical administrative support. However, integrating generative AI in healthcare raises critical issues such as clinical safety, regulatory compliance, data privacy, and copyright concerns. Addressing these challenges through customized AI responses, better user interfaces, and collaboration among healthcare organizations, pharmaceutical companies, and regulatory bodies is essential for harnessing AI's full potential. This chapter offers a comprehensive evaluation of generative AI's impact and the obstacles that must be overcome for its effective use in healthcare.
Unveiling Security Vulnerabilities in Generative AI
Authors: Sharma Geeta , Chopra Pooja , Singh Souravdeep
Published: October 2024

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has sparked significant transformations across various sectors, including machine learning, healthcare, business, and entertainment, due to its remarkable capability to generate realistic data. Popular GenAI tools like DALL-E, RunwayML, DeepArt, and GANPaint have become increasingly prevalent in everyday use. However, these advancements also present new avenues for exploitation by malicious entities. This comprehensive survey meticulously examines the privacy and security challenges inherent in GenAI. It provides a thorough overview of the security vulnerabilities associated with GenAI and discusses potential malicious applications in cybercrimes, such as automated hacking, phishing attacks, social engineering tactics, cryptographic manipulation, creation of attack payloads, and malware development.
Becoming AI Literate
Authors: Royce Christine Anne
Published: October 2024

The introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) has become a transformative force. And the integration of AI into K-12 classrooms has the potential for being a transformative force, although that has yet to be determined. Within a short amount of time, the emergence of AI programs and tools has redefined the boundaries of teaching and learning in the digital era, and thus, future educators enrolled in teacher preparation programs need to be familiar with and understand how to use and integrate AI tools within the instructional environment. Examining how and when to utilize AI with teacher preparation candidates is explored through unpacking and providing an overview of what AI looks like in K-12 education; exploring the pedagogical shifts that are needed to utilize AI; examining the inclusion of AI tools in one specific course for early childhood/elementary education majors, as well as, the themes that emerged; and providing recommendations for the reasons that AI should be incorporated into pre-service teacher preparation programs.
The Role of AI in Transforming Assessment Practices in Education
Authors: S. C. Vetrivel , Vidhyapriya P. , V. P. Arun
Published: October 2024

Assessment practices in education are undergoing a significant transformation with the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This chapter explores the evolving role of AI in revolutionizing assessment methods across educational contexts. By automating various aspects of assessment, AI offers educators and learners unprecedented opportunities for efficiency, personalization, and scalability. AI-powered assessment tools enable the automation of grading, providing educators with more time to focus on providing personalized feedback and guiding student learning. Additionally, AI can analyze vast amounts of data to identify patterns in student performance, allowing for targeted interventions and adaptive learning experiences tailored to individual needs. Furthermore, AI facilitates the development of innovative assessment formats, such as simulations and interactive scenarios, which can better assess higher-order thinking skills and real-world application of knowledge.
Mediating Effect of Competitive Intensity on the Relationship between Knowledge Management Orientation and Organizational Performance
Authors: Jayampathi E. K.
Published: October 2024

Managing organizational knowledge and the effective utilization of knowledge resources are crucial for fostering continuous learning and innovation, enabling employees to adopt best practices within the organization. By leveraging knowledge resources, businesses can enhance decision-making, streamline processes, and respond to market volatility, ultimately driving competitive advantage and overall success. To achieve superior organizational performance amidst dynamic environments, it is vital to understand the role of competitive intensity and its impact on knowledge management and overall success. In the literature on Knowledge Management (KM), there are numerous contradictory findings regarding the relationship between Knowledge Management Orientation (KMO) and Organizational Performance (OP). Empirical studies are essential to address this gap and explore the evolving relationships between KMO and OP. This study aims to identify the effect of KMO on OP, focusing on the mediating role of competitive intensity. The population for this study consists of listed companies in Sri Lanka, that employ a census sampling technique. The study received 254 responses from a total of 295 listed companies, utilizing a structured questionnaire for data collection. The findings indicate a positive and significant effect of KMO on OP. However, the study also reveals that competitive intensity does not mediate the relationship between KMO and OP. This research provides valuable insights for academics, policymakers, and industry practitioners. It concludes that organizations can achieve growth and success despite intense competition in the marketplace by effectively implementing knowledge management practices. This study offers robust insights into strategic decision making, suggesting that external environmental volatility should not constrain organizational policy decisions. Instead, when knowledge-based resources are effectively applied, organizations can achieve their ultimate goals. Future researchers are encouraged to further investigate this phenomenon to uncover new insights within the field of strategic management.
Determinants of Workers’ New Minimum Wage in Nigeria: Incorporating Nigeria’s current Economic Situation
Authors: Adebanjo S. , Banchani E. , Mishiwo S. H. , Sanusi I.
Published: October 2024

The minimum wage is a government-imposed requirement that employers pay their employees a specified minimum amount in compensation. This study makes a unique contribution by investigating the factors that determine the new minimum wage for workers in Nigeria. This investigation will take into account Nigeria’s current economic situation, which led to the consideration of economic indices to determine the new minimum wage while also controlling for the country’s population growth rate. This study used yearly time series data collected from the World Bank development indicators spanning from 1991 to 2023. According to the results, the applied OLS regression model reveals a significant relationship between the new minimum wage and its determinants, including the inflation rate, unemployment rate, public debt, poverty rate, and GDP, while controlling for the population growth rate. The VAR model demonstrated a significant short-run relationship between the minimum wage, inflation, unemployment, public debt, poverty, GDP, and population growth rate. The FMOLS model demonstrates that inflation has a negative long-run effect on the minimum wage, whereas unemployment, public debt, GDP, and population growth rate have a positive long-run effect on the minimum wage. Therefore, it is crucial to determine the new minimum wage in Nigeria holistically, taking into account the economic reality of the inflation rate hike and other economic indices. This will not only enhance the standard of living and productivity of workers but also positively impact economic growth in the long run.
Effect of cycloplegia on the refractive status of children
Authors: Tharwat Ehab , Hassanein Mohamed , Ezzeldin Ezzeldin R. , Soliman Haitham B. , Eltantawy Basheer , Elgazzar Akram F. , Abdella Walid S. , Abdelkader Amr M.E.
Published: October 2024

Background: The American Optometric Association (AOA), in its 2017 Recommendation for Clinical Practice, proposed cycloplegic testing when initially screening preschool children to detect potential vision-impairing diseases such as strabismus, amblyopia and anisometropia.Aim: This study aims to detect the effect of cycloplegia on the measurement of refractive errors in children.Setting: Ophthalmology department, Al-Azhar University, Egypt.Methods: This retrospective interventional study included 388 children with refractive error attending our outpatient clinic in the ophthalmology department, at Al-Azhar University between January 2020 and April 2022. Cycloplegia was induced in each child with topical eye drops of 1% cyclopentolate instilled two times at 5-min intervals. The same optometrist repeated an auto-refraction 30 min after the last eye drop was applied.Results: We compared the pre- and post-cycloplegic refractions and found that the sphere, spherical equivalence and cylinder had significant hypermetropic shift after cycloplegia (P = 0.001).Conclusion: Cycloplegic refractions are more accurate and eliminate the risk of inaccurate refractive error findings, which is essential when managing children.Contribution: This article provides valuable insight, which may inform public health policy.
Factors influencing nursing students’ learning in a clinical skills laboratory
Authors: Hoffman Catherine M. , Willemse Juliana
Published: October 2024

Background: Achieving competence in clinical skills requires various resources and preparation time for undergraduate nursing students. Intentional opportunities should be created for student nurses to experience meaningful encounters in the clinical skills laboratory (CSL) to broaden their knowledge and competence. Therefore, factors that influence the competence in clinical learning in a CSL were explored.Aim: This study aimed to explore and describe the perceptions of nursing students regarding factors influencing their learning in a CSL.Setting: The study was conducted at a School of Nursing at a university in the Western Cape province.Methods: A qualitative descriptive design was adopted. Purposive sampling was used to select participants for this study based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Following the attainment of ethical clearance, 10 focus group interviews were undertaken to explore the perceptions of nursing students regarding factors influencing their learning in a CSL. The focus group sessions continued until data saturation was established. Data were analysed using a thematic analysis process.Results: Three major themes emerged from the data analysis that was explored to make the following recommendations: physical environment, psychosocial environment and organisational environment.Conclusion: The results of this study highlighted the necessity for implementing interventions to enhance specific elements within the CSL, aiming to foster high-quality clinical learning experiences for nursing students.Contribution: Areas were identified within the CSL environment that requires enhancement to ensure the provision of quality clinical learning, thereby enabling student nurses to attain clinical competence.
Incidence and risk factors of neutropenia in neonates with hemolytic disease of the newborn
Authors: Alkhani Abdullah , Arefi Albara , AlTayeb Maryam , Naaz Sayyada , Alghanbar Jude , Alhuthil Raghad , Alrowaily Fouzah , Almidani Eyad
Published: October 2024

Background

Hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN) is a less recognized cause of neonatal neutropenia. Therefore, this study aims to estimate the incidence of neutropenia and identify associated factors in infants with HDN at a tertiary care center.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included infants with HDN who presented at a tertiary care center in Saudi Arabia between March 2008 and September 2023. Neutropenia was defined as an absolute neutrophil count of less than 1.5 μL.

Results

Among 339 neonates with HDN, 50.1% were male, and 49.9% were female. Rh isoimmunization was the most common antibody type, observed in 58.7% of cases. The severity of HDN was classified as mild in 62.6% of neonates, moderate in 33.3%, and severe in 4.1%. Neutropenia was more prevalent in moderate-to-severe HDN cases (P = 0.047). The incidence rate of neutropenia was 4.1 per 1,000 person-days, with 7.4% of neonates (25/339) being neutropenic at birth. Among these, 17 out of 25 neonates showed resolution within 2 days. Multivariate analysis identified male gender (P = 0.022), low gestational age (P = 0.008), low birth weight (P = 0.039), and the need for exchange transfusion (P = 0.036) as significant risk factors for neutropenia.

Conclusion

Neutropenia in infants with HDN, irrespective of antibody type, is generally a benign, self-limiting condition. This condition predominantly affects male neonates with moderate-to-severe HDN and prematurity and can be managed conservatively.
Effect of Phalatrikadi ghana vati in a patient of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a case report
Authors: Chaudhary Piyush , Rathi Bharat , Lamba Neha , Sharma Anil , Rathi Renu
Published: October 2024

A 39-year-old male patient presented with complaints of decreased appetite, generalized weakness, nausea, gastric distension of the abdomen on and off, and mild pain in the upper abdomen. Ultrasonography of the whole abdomen revealed hepatomegaly with grade II diffuse fatty infiltration of the liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Such disorders of the hepatobiliary system are categorized as Yakritroga in Ayurveda. A drug, Phalatrikadi ghana vati, which is a combination of eight herbs known to pacify and normalize the functions of the three doshas, was prescribed to the patient for 12 weeks along with lifestyle modifications (pathya ahara–vihara). The individual contents of this drug are known to possess hepatoprotective activity. The patient showed significant relief in subjective parameters Udarasula (pain in the abdomen), Utklesa (feeling of nausea and vomiting), Aruchi (loss of appetite), and Klama (fatigue). The elevated liver enzymes were also reported to be in the normal range after the treatment, along with improved fatty liver grading. This single case report of NAFLD was managed satisfactorily with significant improvement with no side effects.
Injection of carbon dioxide instead of iodinated contrast to display the common bile duct during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography
Authors: Liu Cui , Tian Lingyun , Ze Xingyu , Yang Ting , Wang Luowei , Li Zhaoshen
Published: October 2024

Common bile duct (CBD) stones are usually caused by biliary tract infection, biliary stricture, duodenal peripapillary diverticulum, Oddis sphincter dysfunction, and so on. Treatment is preferably with endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), where an iodine-containing contrast agent is injected into the CBD to display the stone under fluoroscopy and then to confirm complete removal of the stone(s). We described a 65-year-old woman with CBD stones who had undergone cardiac pacemaker implantation and was allergic to iodinated contrast media. We performed ERCP + lithotomy + stent implantation under local anesthesia, with injection of carbon dioxide instead of iodinated contrast into the CBD, and successfully visualized the stones under fluoroscopy and then confirmed complete removal of them. The patient was generally in good condition without complications. Thus, we have demonstrated in this case report that carbon dioxide can be used as a safe, economical, and effective alternative to iodinated contrast agent during ERCP.
Ileal perforation by a solidified root pulp – Minimally invasive surgery management
Authors: Galhotra Anmol , Veetil Deepa Kizhakke , Wadhawan Randeep , Bhardwaj Arun , Verma Naveen
Published: October 2024

Foreign body (FB) ingestion results in perforation in 1% of cases and is associated with significant morbidity and rarely mortality. This case reports the delayed presentation of distal ileal perforation following accidental ingestion of solidified root pulp. A 46-year-old male presented to the emergency department with complaints of right iliac fossa pain, clinical diagnosis of appendicitis was made. Computed tomography of the abdomen revealed an FB in the distal ileum with contained perforation. Revised history was suggestive of FB aspiration during root canal therapy 3 weeks back. The patient underwent diagnostic laparoscopy, removal of FB and primary closure of the perforation. FB was revealed to be solidified root pulp macroscopically and hyalinised material microscopically. Localised perforation following ingestion of FB results in significant morbidity due to delayed diagnosis. With the increasing number of dental procedures, this becomes relevant globally as well. Varied clinical presentations pose diagnostic challenges to the clinician.
Vital Pulp Therapy in Primary Teeth Having Signs and Symptoms of Irreversible Pulpitis
Authors: Clins T. , Harris Anoop , Gopalakrishnan Anjana , Suresh Saarika
Published: October 2024

Dental caries being the most prevalent disease worldwide usually ends in pulpitis due to negligence of the patient and the caretaker. The major diagnostic factor followed in deciding the status of pulpitis as, reversible or irreversible, is the severity and intensity of the pain. Traditionally, a tooth diagnosed as irreversible pulpitis results in the removal of coronal and radicular pulp resulting in the non-vitality of the tooth. This case report describes the use of vital pulp therapy (VPT) in three paediatric patients with primary teeth showing signs and symptoms suggestive of irreversible pulpitis. Calcium silicate cement (Biodentine) was used to preserve the radicular pulp, demonstrating favourable clinical and radiographic outcomes over a 1-year follow-up. The findings support the potential of VPT as an alternative to traditional pulpectomy in cases where radicular pulp tissue remains healthy, despite a history of severe pain.
Heart diseases in pregnancy in Northern Nigeria – A brief review
Authors: Shehu Muhammad Nazir , Karaye Kamilu Musa
Published: October 2024

Physiological changes of pregnancy exert stress on the heart that could lead to cardiac decompensation, especially in the presence of background diseases such as cardiomyopathy, hypertension, valvular, or congenital heart diseases. Heart disease in pregnancy is an important contributor to maternal and fetal adverse outcomes. Although data on heart disease in pregnancy are generally scarce, a few available studies have shown higher prevalence in northern than southern regions of Nigeria. In addition, clinical outcomes among pregnant women diagnosed with heart disease are worse than among those without and apparently healthy women. The aim of this review was to describe the pattern and outcomes of heart disease in pregnancy in Northern Nigeria and to identify the existing gaps in knowledge, which can be explored in a subsequent multicenter national study.
Amenability of quadratic automaton groups
Authors: Amir Gideon , Angel Omer , Virág Bálint
Published: October 2024

We give lower bounds for the electrical resistance between vertices in the Schreier graphs of the action of the linear (degree 1) and quadratic (degree 2) mother groups on the orbit of the 0-ray. These bounds, combined with results of Juschenko et al. (2016), show that every quadratic activity automaton group is amenable. The resistance bounds use an apparently new “weighted” version of the Nash-Williams criterion which may be of independent interest.
Prefiguring legal alternatives in environmental and climate justice struggles in Australia
Authors: Clark Cristy , Goldblatt Beth
Published: October 2024

This article examines attempts by environmental advocates to engage with the law’s failure to adequately respond to climate change by using alternative legal framings or venues to ‘imagine law otherwise’ and to foster legal ontological shifts. It examines these actions – including the Martuwarra Fitzroy River Council’s Fitzroy River Declaration and treaty making projects, and a recent successful UN Human Rights Committee communication brought by a community in the Torres Strait against Australia – using the lens of prefigurative theory and considers what these examples tell us about the boundaries of the concept of ‘prefigurative legality’. The legal ontological work performed by these actions is necessitated in part by their decolonial ambitions, including the promotion of legal pluralism. This raises issues that require further consideration, including what prefigurative theory can learn from Indigenous-led environmental activism that responds prefiguratively to (settler-colonial) law, how well prefigurative legal action supports legal ontological work, and whether prefiguration has a role to play in supporting actors to navigate the risks of ‘ontological submission’.
Engajamento com uma inteligência artificial no curso e-le en (form)acción
Authors: Linhati Suzana Toniolo , Reis Susana Cristina dos
Published: October 2024

A multimodalidade é uma abordagem que possibilita a leitura e a interpretação do mundo, atribuindo-lhe diferentes significados. No universo das tecnologias digitais, a multimodalidade é perceptível aos olhos humanos, sobretudo no contexto dos jogos digitais, devido a criação de ambientes imersivos que possibilitam uma experiência enriquecedora ao jogador. É nesse âmbito que se situam os jogos de realidade alternativa (ARG), gênero que associa ficção à realidade em uma narrativa transmidiática, marcada por pistas e desafios. Neste estudo, analisamos em que medida os recursos semióticos utilizados no ARG, especialmente nos desafios, provocam o envolvimento docente na resolução dos problemas em um curso online de formação continuada para professores de espanhol. Os pressupostos teóricos que sustentam esta pesquisa são a Semiótica Social, a Gramática do Design Visual, a aprendizagem baseada em jogos e em gamificação, e o modelo de engajamento ARCS. Já a metodologia constitui-se como uma netnografia de abordagem qualitativa, com foco na análise dos sete desafios propostos ao longo do curso E-LE en (form)acción. Resultados revelam que é a associação dos recursos semióticos específicos de cada modo comunicacional mobilizado (oral, visual, gestual, sonoro e escrito) junto à representação de Dulce, personagem guia que aparece posicionada com olhos e corpo para frente, na altura dos olhos do docente, e em gradações de distâncias que revelam uma aproximação com o professor. Portanto, esses aspectos podem contribuir para focalizar a atenção do docente, a relevância do que lhe está sendo solicitado, sua confiança para desenvolver o desafio e sua satisfação em completá-lo.
Racismo algorítmico e inteligência artificial
Authors: Araújo Júlio , Araújo Júlio Cézar Dantas de
Published: October 2024

A convergência entre Inteligência Artificial (IA) e questões raciais é um tema cada vez mais relevante no contexto contemporâneo de constante avanço tecnológico e desenvolvimento de algoritmos. Diante disso, neste artigo, temos por objetivo analisar as estratégias multimodais utilizadas na construção de uma imagem racista gerada por IA, destacando as complexas interações entre os diferentes modos de representação e os efeitos ideológicos decorrentes dessa interligação. Para alcançar esse propósito, fundamentamo-nos teoricamente em estudos críticos sobre algoritmos (O’Neil, 2020; Prado, 2022), racismo algorítmico (Noble, 2021; Silva, 2022) e multimodalidade (Kress, 2003; Jewitt, 2014). Por meio de uma análise crítica multimodal, foi possível realizarmos uma investigação aprofundada da imagem em questão. Os resultados obtidos demonstram a urgência da implementação de políticas públicas e regulamentações que responsabilizem as empresas envolvidas no desenvolvimento e aplicação de algoritmos com viés racista. Tais medidas são essenciais para garantir a proteção e a equidade dos grupos étnico-raciais afetados pela propagação de conteúdos discriminatórios, contribuindo assim para a construção de uma sociedade mais justa, igualitária e inclusiva.
Multimodality, AI and Education
Authors: Araújo Antônia Dilamar , Gualberto Clarice , Pinheiro Michelle Soares , Lim Fei Victor
Published: October 2024

This is an interview with Fei Victor Lim (FVL) by Antonia Dilamar Araújo (ADA), Clarice Gualberto (CG), and Michelle Soares Pinheiro (MSP), in which Professor Lim outlines his view on Multimodality, Artificial Intelligence, and Education.
A cone-theoretic barycenter existence theorem
Authors: Goubault-Larrecq Jean , Jia Xiaodong
Published: October 2024

We show that every continuous valuation on a locally convex, locally
convex-compact, sober topological cone $\mathfrak{C}$ has a barycenter. This
barycenter is unique, and the barycenter map $\beta$ is continuous, hence is
the structure map of a $\mathbf V_{\mathrm w}$-algebra, i.e., an
Eilenberg-Moore algebra of the extended valuation monad on the category of
$T_0$ topological spaces; it is, in fact, the unique $\mathbf V_{\mathrm
w}$-algebra that induces the cone structure on $\mathfrak{C}$.
Número completo
Authors: AAVV
Published: October 2024

Número Completo
PRERADA (SPECIFICATIO) U RIMSKOM PRAVU
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Serbia, Tucaković Saša
Published: October 2024

Specification (specificatio) existed in cases when someone made some new thing from somebody else's material. The fundamental question that arises is whether the ownership on a new thing would be acquired by the owner of the material or a person who produced new thing from someone else's material. In classical law there was a dispute between the Sabinians and the Proculeans over the answer to this issue, and after a certain time a compromising solution was created. Taking into account written above, the author analyzes the concept of a new thing, acquisition of ownership by specification, remedies for reparation of a person who has not acquired ownership, as well as the relationship between specifaction and contract for provision of services (locatio conductio operis faciendi).
ODSTUPANJA OD NAČELA AKCESORNOSTI HIPOTEKE U PRESTANKU
Authors:   University of Novi Sad, Vujović Dragana
Published: October 2024

In this paper, author analyzes legal institutes (disposal of unwritten mortgages, priority order notation, new mortgage prenotation) that deviate from the principle of accessibility to the termination of the mortgage. In accordance with the regulations of the Mortgage Law, the owner of a real estate has the right to transfer the mortgage that was not erased from the real estate registry to the registered amount to a new or the same mortgage creditor for the purpose of securing other claims, with the evidence that the claim has ceased. The paper is specifically focused on the limitation of the autonomy of will of the owner of real estate in case of exercising the rights to the disposal of the unwritten mortgage, as well as the right on the reservation of the priority order for the new mortgage. Autonomy of will in case of institute of the disposal of mortgage that was not erased is not only limited by the principle of officiality which is defined by the Law on the Registration Procedure with the Cadaster of Real Estate, but also the practical application of this institute.
TRANSFORMACIJA UGOVORA O RADU NA ODREĐENO U NEODREĐENO VRIJEME U CRNOJ GORI
Authors:   Administrative court of Montenegro, Raonić Rajko
Published: October 2024

Ever since the need for human work appeared on planet Earth, people have resorted to clearly defining their work relationship, all with the sole aim of being safe at a certain work-work task and thus ensuring their own existence as well as that of their family. In order to succeed in that desire, they resorted to various methods to demonstrate loyalty to the employer. With the evolution of labor law and the employment relationship itself, one of the most appropriate methods of binding the worker-employee is certainly the employment contract, which gained its full expansion at the beginning of the 21th century. In today's system of labor relations, the employment contract has become a measure and symbol of individual success. The most common forms of employment contracts are contracts that provide for the possibility of locking it in the form of "fixed-term" and "indefinite-term". An employment contract in the form of a "fixed-term" is one of the most frequently concluded employment contracts and is of a fixed-term, time-contracted nature, while an employment contract stipulated in the form of an "indefinite period" is not time- limited and can only be terminated if both parties agree. As the success and development of the national economy and development is reflected in the lowest possible unemployment, every country strives for that figure, i.e. the percentages should be as low as possible, and since employment contracts are directly related to employment, this is actually one of the key reasons for the actuality of this topic, according to the author. In the paper, the author analyzes and defines some of the conditions and institutes that precede the "transformation", as well as the institute of "transformation" of the employment contract and approximate the conditions under wich it is activated in Montenegro.
MOGUĆNOST OSTVARIVANjA POLITIČKIH PRAVA I SLOBODA U REPUBLICI SRBIJI
Authors:   National Bank of Serbia, Branch in Užice, Milinković Jelena
Published: October 2024

Political rights and freedoms, as well as other human rights and freedoms, represent a guarantee of democracy, as well as a means by which it is controlled. The author answers the question to what extent the fact that power is exercised in elections and that it is also changed contributes to a more secure realization of guaranteed political rights and freedoms for citizens. The author points out that it is very important for the government to enable freedom of thought and expression, as well as freedom of association and assembly, and if this is not the case, then there will undoubtedly be a loss of political support from voters. The author treats the right to freedom of opinion and expression in his work as a foundation for building a democratic society and as a basic assumption that proves respect for the principle of the rule of law. The author further explains that it is precisely the possibility to realize this right that is a condition for the realization of all other political rights and freedoms. Voting rights in labor stand out as one of the most important political rights of citizens. The author believes that by respecting this right, the Republic of Serbia guarantees that its role is to achieve general well-being for its citizens. The author presents the freedom of peaceful assembly of citizens as one of the significant forms of citizen participation in the political life of the community. The Law on Public Assembly from 2016 in the Republic of Serbia significantly improved the legal framework for exercising the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and achieved a higher level of compliance of national law with European Union law. The right to petition is a human right guaranteed by the Constitution, and the author explains in the paper the legal basis of the petition, what it should contain and to which authorities it should be submitted. The author places special emphasis on the analysis of media freedom, which represents one of the fundamental political freedoms in the Republic of Serbia
El impacto de la motivación en el rendimiento académico
Authors: Orellana María Brígida Peña , Cortez Katherin Elizabeth Tello , Gualán María del Cisne Guaillas , Aguilera Allison Gabriela Freire , Centeno María Victoria Chalare , Albán Silvia Margoth López
Published: October 2024

La motivación es un factor clave en el éxito académico, influyendo en el compromiso, el esfuerzo y el rendimiento de los estudiantes. Este artículo examina cómo la motivación intrínseca, que se basa en el interés propio y la satisfacción personal, y la motivación extrínseca, que se centra en los beneficios externos, influyen en el aprendizaje de los estudiantes en diferentes contextos educativos. Se enfatiza la importancia de equilibrar las dos motivaciones para maximizar el rendimiento académico. Se analiza el papel del docente como factor principal en el fomento de la motivación de los estudiantes. Se ha observado que las estrategias de enseñanza que promueven la autonomía y un entorno de apoyo emocional tienden a aumentar la motivación intrínseca, mientras que un enfoque más autoritario puede provocar resistencia al aprendizaje. Además, los efectos del entorno familiar y las relaciones profesor-alumno también se consideran factores que modulan la motivación y el rendimiento académico. El artículo también explora la importancia del aprendizaje a través de la autorregulación y destaca que los estudiantes con habilidades de autorregulación bien desarrolladas son más capaces de gestionar su motivación y mejorar su rendimiento académico. Finalmente, se revisan los programas de intervención que han demostrado ser eficaces para mejorar estas habilidades en el ámbito universitario. En general, este estudio concluyó que la motivación es fundamental para el éxito académico y que promover la motivación a través de estrategias que integren factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos debería ser una prioridad educativa.