bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Poor Glycemic Control among Free Living Adults with Type 2 Diabetes in Chennai (CURES-162)
Authors: Priya Nagarajan Lakshmi , Rajagopal Gayathri , Bhupathiraju Shilpa , Kavitha Vasudevan , Rajeswari Veeramarthandan , Kamala Krishnaswamy , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit , Mohan Viswanathan , Vasudevan Sudha
Published: April 2022

Aim:

Diabetes is a chronic progressive disease. A healthy eating pattern is essential to achieve good glycemic control (HbA1c 7%) which aids in delaying and preventing diabetes-related complications. The pivotal role of diet, a modifiable risk factor for type 2 diabetes has not been understood completely especially in India where carbohydrate consumption is high. This study, therefore, aims to identify major dietary patterns associated with uncontrolled diabetes by using data reduction methods.

Objective:

To study and compare the association of dietary patterns with elevated HbA1c among known diabetic adults using three data reduction methods (principal component analysis (PCA), reduced rank regression (RRR), and partial least-squares (PLS) regression).

Materials and Methods:

The Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiological followed up study (CURES) was completed in 2410 adults. Adults with diabetes (both genders, aged >20years), 573 were selected for the present analysis. Dietary intake was assessed using food frequency questionnaire.

Results:

The PCA derived the non-vegetarian and vegetarian pattern. Both showed positive association with the risk of high HbA1c. The first pattern of RRR and PLS showed a positive association with many foods especially those contributing to increased intakes of total calories. Whereas the 2nd pattern of RRR and PLS scores both showed an inverse association with HbA1c especially with the reduction in rice-based recipes and total calories.

Conclusions:

The low intake of certain foods, especially white rice, directly decreased the total calories, total carbohydrate, glycemic load, and glycemic index which has a beneficial effect on glycemic control among those with diabetes.
The Racial and Ethnic Differences in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ezeokpo Basil C. , Ugwueze Chidiebere V.
Published: April 2022

Racial/ethnic differences cover clinical, biological, genetic, or epigenetic factors associated with disease risk, outcome, and treatment that are not related to socio-economic factors. The presence of these in type 2 diabetes mellitus produces a different perspective to the understanding and care in different races and ethnic groups. This becomes very important with individualized care that is not applied alongside these differences. Newer antidiabetic drugs with great promises do not have comparable efficacies across the races. New drug developments using genomics are similarly affected, so also their pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic applications. Racial/ethnic differences are found among the subgroups of type 2 diabetes mellitus in the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, and diagnosis. These differences are, however, different and independent of the differences found in drug treatment, diabetic chronic kidney disease, and diabetic retinopathy. For the African Americans and other Blacks, the type 2 diabetes with its different manifestations has not been adequately studied. Even when data exist, they are not taken into cognizance in formulating guidelines. There is, therefore, a need for a call to action. Literature search was in PubMed, Medline, and Google, for search terms race, ethnic, differences, and type 2 diabetes.
Prevalence and Impact of Stress Among Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Attending a Tertiary Diabetes Center in South India
Authors: Vidyulatha Jayaram , Pramodkumar Thyparambil Aravindakshan , Pradeepa Rajendra , Deepa Mohan , Poongothai Subramani , Venkatesan Ulagamathesan , Aarthi Garudam Raveendiran , Thenmozhi Somasundaram , Anjana Ranjit Mohan , Mohan Viswanathan
Published: April 2022

Aims and Objectives:

Diabetes is a chronic health condition proving to be a major health challenge globally. Being a lifestyle-related disorder, psychosocial and behavioral factors are critical for its management, among which stress plays a contributory role. Diabetes is associated with increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress due to its debilitating nature and complications. Stress not only affects glycemic control through biological pathways but also leads to unhealthy behavior such as binge eating, smoking, and alcohol. This study attempts to fill the lacuna between clinical and psychosocial aspects of stress and thereby determines the prevalence and impact of stress among type 2 diabetes individuals in a clinic population.

Materials and Methods:

This is a cross-sectional, case–control study that includes individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) as well as those with normal glucose tolerance. Assessment of stress was done using a validated tool, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (stress component). Sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometry, blood pressure, and biochemical parameters were collected in all the participants. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences statistical software.

Results:

The prevalence of stress was significantly higher in T2DM compared to normal glucose tolerance (NGT; 43% vs 13%, P < .001). Both among T2DM and NGT, stress levels were higher in younger individuals with higher education, higher income levels, and professionals. Stress scores decreased with age at diagnosis of T2DM (16.6 [≤25 years] vs 15.6 [≥26–40 years] vs 12.7 [≥41 years], P < .001). T2DM was significantly associated with stress after adjusting for confounding factors.

Conclusion:

Individuals with T2DM had significantly higher prevalence of stress. Regular screening of stress could lead to better glycemic control.
Antidiabetic Effect and Preference of Fenugreek with Dietary Modifications in Patients with Prediabetes
Authors: Addepalli Syama K. , Nigam Nilam , Kumar Shrawan
Published: April 2022

Objective:

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in India is increasing day by day. This study was conducted to assess the impact of fenugreek with controlled diet in prediabetic patients of with fasting blood glucose (FBG) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).

Study Design:

Interventional parallel randomized control trial.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 280 prediabetics were included in the study. Patients were randomized and one group of patients received 10 g of fenugreek powder in hot water every day, whereas the second group did not receive it. Strict dietary controls were followed as per the guidelines of American Diabetic Association (ADA) protocols. The parameters were assessed on the first visit and every 3 months for 24 months.

Results:

Dietary addition of fenugreek leads to a reduction in blood glucose levels. Statistical analysis shows that there was a significant reduction in FBGlevels in the 24 months in the study group (P < 0.001), whereas a significant reduction in HbA1c in the 24th month (P = 0.001). Half of the study participants (52.9%, 59.2%, and 57.1% at 6, 12, and 24 months, respectively) reported acceptable compliance about fenugreek treatment.

Conclusion:

Dietary addition of fenugreek can have a synergistic effect along with diet control on FBG and HbA1c.
Diet and Insulin Dose as Mediators of Insulin-Associated Weight Gain Among People in Pakistan with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Rubina Hakeem , Basit Abdul , Fawwad Asher , Abdeali Mariam
Published: April 2022

Objective:

This paper aims to explore the role of diet in determining insulin-associated weight gain (IAWG) in Pakistani people.

Materials and Methods:

This observational study was conducted in the Diet and Education Department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology. The data are obtained from Electronic Health Records from the Health Management System, and it included demographical, anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and dietary information of the subjects. A total of 917 cases were included in this study, on the basis of inclusion criteria, which were subjects to be of age 18 years and above, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes, and availability of clinical, medical, and dietary data for at least two visits, for subsequent years. Dietary data include energy and macronutrient intake, which is calculated by the system on the basis of food intake data collected and entered by registered dietitians at each visit. Ethical approval for the study was taken from BIDE Institutional Review Board.

Results:

Differences in the rate of weight gain between insulin-treated and oral antihyperglycemic agents-only-treated groups could not be attributed to differences in dietary changes. Higher intake of insulin in relation to carbohydrate intake was found to be associated with higher weight gain among insulin-treated groups. The rate of weight gain with HbA1c (glycated hemoglobin) increase was lowest among those who had a “decreased” energy intake, with moderate insulin doses, whereas it was highest among those who had high insulin doses with “increased” energy intake.

Conclusion:

Weight gain was observed following deviation in the macronutrient composition among the insulin users in this study. Dietary intake in relation to body needs for healthy weight and economical doses of insulin appears to have a good potential for inducing normoglycemia without promoting IAWG.
Putting Knowledge into Practice
Authors: Suri Monika , Kapur Deeksha
Published: April 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that remains a matter of concern for the medical fraternity because of its alarming pace of growth worldwide. Its progression is higher in India and other Asian countries as compared with the other countries in the world. Its continuance can only be halted by better management of it. Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) is essentially the significant and fundamental necessity for secondary prevention of disease progression. The effective planning and implementation of the strategy need the evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and if any gap in the transcription of it into practice.

Aim and Objectives:

The given study was carried out with the purpose to evaluate the KAP among patients with diabetes from the urban locale of city Gurugram, North India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional, observational study was performed on 138 patients with no subjection to any formal education program on type 2 diabetes management. Patients were recruited from the out-patient department of tertiary care hospitals and random purposive sampling were used to put together data by administering a structured survey form executed through personal interview technique. Data related to demographics, span of the disease, hypertension, fasting and post-prandial blood glucose levels, anthropometry, and KAP of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients were recorded.

Results:

The study population confirmed a fair amount of knowledge about type 2 diabetes and its related aspects. Despite a positive attitude and adequate knowledge about the disease and its related aspects, the population scores with regard to practices were not inspiring.

Conclusion:

In the face of a positive attitude, the average application of adequate knowledge is clearly evident in the millennium city's subject population. This highlights the need for effective diabetes management programs for educating the populace.
Comparison of Efficacy of Detemir and Degludec Insulin in the Management of Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Zabeen Bedowra , Ahmed Bulbul , Islam Nasreen , Tayyeb Samin , Nahar Jebun , Azad Kishwar
Published: April 2022

Aims and Objectives:

Despite the advantages offered by current basal analogs, the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in children and adolescents is a great challenge till now. Insulin degludec (IDeg) is alternative basal insulin to be used in persons not responding to other basal insulins. The aim of the study was to compare the efficacy of IDeg (once daily) and insulin detemir (IDet) in children and adolescents with T1D in Bangladesh.

Materials and Methods:

In this retrospective analysis, we included T1D patients who were treated with IDet or IDeg in CDiC Diabetes Center, BIRDEM Hospital from January to June 2018. Thirty patients with IDeg were compared with 30 patients who were taking IDet; patients were randomly selected from the data set. Insulin dose requirement, weight, body mass index, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and HbA1c were compared at the base level and at three and six months after treatment.

Results:

While comparing between two groups, the median FPG was high, 15.0 (13.6–18.3) vs. 14.4 (10.5–16.9), in both groups at the base level. Over the six months, FPG was gradually reduced in both groups but significantly reduced in IDeg patients (P = 0.03), although median HbA1c was higher, 9.9 (8.4–12.0), in IDeg patients than in IDet patients, 9.3 (8.1–10.4), at the base level but reduced significantly in IDeg patients, 8.4 (7.6–9.0), compared with IDet patients, 9.0 (8.1–9.7), after six months (P = 0.042). Though mild hypoglycemia was documented, there was no incidence of severe hypoglycemia in IDet or IDeg groups.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, in our study population, the IDeg group had more improvement in glycemic control, reducing FPG, than the IDet group. Moreover, there was more reduction of basal insulin dose in IDeg than in IDet after six months of starting the therapy.
An Unusual Case of Non-Measurable Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HbA1c) by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography in a Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Satpathi Tirthankar , Mohan Viswanathan , Unnikrishnan Ranjit
Published: April 2022

Diabetes is a chronic disease and to see the long-term glycemic control, most commonly glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is estimated. Presently, the most common method used to do HbA1c is high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. But in some cases unusually, low HbA1c is recorded by the HPLC method if hemoglobin variants are present. So in those cases, alternative methods of HbA1c estimation can be used to see the long-term glycemic status. So the presence of variants must be kept in mind and should be investigated properly so that when similar cases are encountered, it can be taken care appropriately.
Remission of Tuberculosis Following Control of Glycemic Excursions in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hinduja Anand
Published: April 2022

Rationale:

Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are converging epidemics, each worsening the morbidity of the other. Chronic hyperglycemia is associated with dysfunctional immunity to Mycobacterium in patients with DM and, therefore, is likely to decrease the efficiency of anti-mycobacterial treatment. Early aggressive management of TB and timely initiation of insulin therapy helps in controlling the glycemic excursions that are otherwise not controlled by multiple oral antidiabetic agents.

Patient Concerns:

A 42-year-old female with type 2 diabetes for six years presented with complaints of persistent cough, pain in the chest, weight loss, and loss of appetite for two months in November 2018.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB), which further progressed to extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) in February 2019. Her hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), which was 8.3% prior to TB diagnosis, increased to 13.8%.

Interventions:

The patient was initiated on anti-TB medications as per the Revised National TB Control Programme (RNTCP) guidelines. The antidiabetic regimen consisted of glimepiride 2 mg b.i.d, metformin 500 mg b.i.d, and voglibose 0.2 mg b.i.d. On confirmation of XDR-TB and persistently high HbA1c, insulin glargine was initiated in July 2019. Due to continued uncontrolled blood glucose levels, insulin IDegAsp (30% Aspart and 70% Degludec) was initiated in February 2020.

Results:

After the initiation of IdegAsp, HbA1c levels reduced significantly and there was improvement in the measures of daily blood glucose level indices such as time in target range (TIR), time below target range (TBR), and time above target range (TAR). Optimal blood glucose was achieved in a significant amount of time in a day. Sputum was negative for XDR-TB in February 2021, and the patient recovered from TB. Her HbA1c was reported to be 7.5% in February 2021.

Conclusion:

In patients with type 2 diabetes and TB, maintaining optimal blood glucose level for a longer duration of time can have a positive impact on host immunity and also enhance the effect of ATT and better outcomes of TB infection. This case study highlights the importance of good glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who acquire TB infection.
Tropical Spastic Paraparesis-Like Illness in an HIV-Infected Child
Authors: Antony Sonu , Shah Ira
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Human T-cell leukemia virus type 1(HTLV-1) is the etiological agent responsible for the clinical entity of tropical spastic paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated myelitis (TSP/HAM). HTLV-1 and HIV-1, being related retroviruses, coinfection with both is a well-recognized phenomenon but rarely reported in children. We describe a 5-year-old boy with no previously known comorbidity who presented with bilateral lower-limb weakness and calf pain along with urinary retention. Imaging confirmed the presence of myelitis. Investigations showed elevated creatine phosphokinase(CPK) values suggestive of myositis. It was later learned that the parents of the child were on treatment for HIV infection. Antibodies for HIV were positive by ELISA, and in view of the clinical picture, probability of a TSP-like illness as the initial presentation of a hitherto undiagnosed HIV infection was considered. TSP/HAM is an important yet underrecognized cause of spinal disease, especially in HIV-infected individuals. Certain features such as elevated to normal CD4 counts, absence of significant sensory symptoms, and associated myositis may serve as subtle clues to underlying HTLV-1 infection.
Impact of Diabetes Mellitus on Treatment Outcome of Newly Diagnosed Smear-Positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Rout Pragyan , Jagaty Suman Kumar , Behera Debasis , Subhankar Saswat , Mohapatra Sangram Keshari , Panda Gitanjali
Published: April 2022

ABSTRACT

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are major public health problems in developing countries such as India. The link of DM and TB is more prominent in these countries where TB is endemic, and the burden of DM is increasing. Studies regarding the effect of DM on smear conversion and treatment outcome of pulmonary TB (PTB) in India are limited.

Aims:

The study aimed to compare the conversion and treatment success among new smear-positive PTB patients with and without DM.

Materials and Methods:

A case–control study was conducted in the department of pulmonary medicine of a tertiary care hospital in eastern India between October 2019 and September 2020. All newly diagnosed smear-positive drug-sensitive PTB patients visiting the outdoor or being admitted were identified, and their initial smear status, history of diabetes, and glycemic status were recorded. All the patients were treated with category I regimen of the Revised National TB Control Program. Sputum smear was followed up at the end of intensive phase and at the end of treatment and compared between diabetic and nondiabetic patients. The software SPSS version 16 was used to analyze all the data.

Results:

Sixty newly diagnosed smear-positive PTB patients with DM and sixty smear-positive PTB without DM were included in this study. Smear conversion was seen in 24 (40%) out of 60 diabetic TB patients and 55 (91.7%) out of 60 nondiabetic TB patients. Treatment success was seen in 40 (66.7%) out of 60 diabetic TB patients and 56 (93.3%) out of the 60 nondiabetic TB patients.

Conclusion:

Smear conversion and treatment success rate are lower in diabetic TB patients as compared to nondiabetic TB patients.
Impact of educational interventions on utilization patterns of anticancer agents in patients with breast cancer at the specialty oncology care setting in South India
Authors: Sharma Aakanksha , Patel Himanshu , Parthasarathi Gurumurthy
Published: April 2022

Aims/Objectives:

This study was conducted to assess the utilization patterns of anticancer agents in patients with breast cancer and to provide practice recommendations/educational interventions to optimize medication use in patients with breast cancer.

Materials and Methods:

This was an ambispective study conducted for a period of 3 years at a private, specialty oncology care hospital in South India. In the initial phase, the selection of anticancer agents, dosage of anticancer agents, and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) were reviewed retrospectively (using paper medical records) with respect to the National Cancer Comprehensive Network guidelines. The administration of anticancer agents and anti-emetics were reviewed with respect to the hospital drug administration policies. The deviations from the standards were reported, and practice recommendations/educational interventions were developed. Treatment patterns were reevaluated prospectively after providing educational interventions. Descriptive statistics were used to report and compare the results from both phases.

Results:

During retrospective phase, we observed 80% compliance in the selection of anticancer drugs, 74% compliance in drug dosing, and 63.5% compliance in the administration of anti-cancer agents. After the implementation of educational interventions, we observed 85% compliance in the selection of anticancer agents, 82.3% in their dosing, and 86.9% compliance in the administration of anticancer agents. For the management of CINV, we observed 75% compliance in the selection of drugs (vs. 53% during preintervention), 92% compliance in their dosing (vs. 90% during preintervention), 85.1% compliance in the administration of anti-emetics (vs. 50% during preintervention), and 80% compliance in the management of delayed CINV (vs. 60% during preintervention).

Conclusions:

Treatment patterns of breast cancer were improved with respect to treatment standards after educational interventions to oncology care team.
Hepatic parasitic diseases − state of the art
Authors: Xiang Yanhan , Li Ningqin , Liao Jinyuan
Published: April 2022

Parasites are an important cause of human diseases. With the increase in global population migration, the decline of population immunity, and changes in living habits, parasitic diseases have been increasing year by year. Because the liver has a unique blood supply system and a biliary system that communicates with the intestinal tract, it is relatively more vulnerable to a variety of parasitic infections. Imaging examinations play an important role in the early detection, characterization, evaluation, and treatment of hepatic parasitic diseases. Various imaging methods can not only detect hepatic parasitic diseases accurately but also evaluate liver injury, liver fibrosis, abnormal blood perfusion, metabolic changes, and malignant tumors caused by parasitic infection. Familiarity with the imaging features of hepatic parasitic diseases is helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the progress in imaging research on common hepatic parasitic diseases.
Analysis of clinical features and prognostic factors of AIDS-related lymphoma
Authors: Gong Yahong , Gong Xiaoming , Zhang Kai , Song Lu , Li Yipan , Ke Hengning , Lu ZhiYan
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE:

To analyze the clinical characteristics, pathological characteristics, and prognostic factors of AIDS-related lymphoma (ARL).

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This was a retrospective study of the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, and survival status of 32 patients with ARL. The patients were divided into a survival group and nonsurvival group according to their prognosis, and the factors affecting survival were analyzed. The patients' clinical characteristics were analyzed according to symptoms, sex, age, and laboratory indicators such as the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) concentration, number of CD4+ T cells, Ann Arbor stage, pathological typing, and international prognostic index (IPI) score. A univariate regression analysis was performed to compare the clinical characteristics of the treatment group and nontreatment group. The impact of chemotherapy and combined antiviral therapy on survival time was assessed.

RESULTS:

Thirty-two patients were included in the study; 31 were male and 23 were aged >40 years. The average LDH concentration was 639.8 U/L, and the average CD4+ lymphocyte count was 167 cells/μL. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma was present in 40.6% (13/32) of the patients; a B-lymphocyte source accounted for 90.6% (29/32) of cases, and a T-lymphocyte source accounted for 9.4% (3/32). The proportion of patients who received anti-lymphoma treatment was 84.4% (27/32). Twenty-three patients died during follow-up and nine survived. Univariate analysis showed that the prognostic factors were age, the CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, and the IPI score. The average progression-free survival (PFS) time in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) group before chemotherapy was 4.81 months, while the average PFS time without antiviral therapy before chemotherapy was about 1.91 months. This difference was statistically significant. The median 2-year survival time in patients who received antiviral therapy before chemotherapy was 33.3 months, while that in patients who did not receive antiviral therapy was 27.3 months. Early HAART therapy combined with standardized chemotherapy was shown to improve the patients' prognosis. It also improved the overall survival (OS) rate and PFS time. However, there was no significant difference in the OS rates between 1 and 2 years.

CONCLUSION:

The CD4+ T-cell count and IPI score were key factors affecting the prognosis of patients with ARL. An increased LDH concentration was also a prognostic factor. A certain correlation between the disease severity and prognosis was found. The use of standard anti-lymphoma treatment can effectively improve the survival rate of patients.
Computed tomography findings and clinical manifestations in different clinical types of coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Tang Fei , Huang Sihong , Xie Xingzhi , Yang Ru , Wang Xiaohong , Zhou Juan , Liu Jun
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE:

Since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak in Wuhan in 2019, the virus has spread rapidly. We investigated the clinical and computed tomography (CT) characteristics of different clinical types of COVID-19.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

We retrospectively analyzed clinical and chest CT findings of 89 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction confirmed cases from five medical centers in China. All the patients were classified into the common (n = 65), severe (n = 18), or fatal (n = 6) type. CT features included lesion distribution, location, size, shape, edge, density, and the ratio of lung lesions to extra-pulmonary lesions. A COVID-19 chest CT analysis tool (uAI-discover-COVID-19) was used to calculate the number of infections from the chest CT images.

RESULTS:

Fatal type COVID-19 is more common in older men, with a median age of 65 years. Fever was more common in the severe and fatal type COVID-19 patients than in the common type patients. Patients with fatal type COVID-19 were more likely to have underlying diseases. On CT examination, common type COVID-19 showed bilateral (68%), patchy (83%), ground-glass opacity (48%), or mixed (46%) lesions. Severe and fatal type COVID-19 showed bilateral multiple mixed density lesions (56%). The infection ratio (IR) increased in the common type (2.4 [4.3]), severe type (15.7 [14.3]), and fatal type (36.9 [14.2]). The IR in the inferior lobe of both lungs was statistically different from that of other lobes in common and severe type patients (P < 0.05). However, in the fatal type group, only the IR in the right inferior lung (RIL) was statistically different from that in the right superior lung(RUL), right middle lung (RML), and the left superior lung (LSL) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSION:

The CT findings and clinical features of the various clinical types of COVID-19 pneumonia are different. Chest CT findings have unique characteristics in the different clinical types, which can facilitate an early diagnosis and evaluate the clinical course and severity of COVID-19.
Fortuitous discovery of pulmonary tuberculosis in an asymptomatic, SARS-CoV-2 positive, Moroccan patient
Authors: Cherrabi Kaoutar , Benmansour N. , El Alami N. M.
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has created worldwide change in screening, management, and deadlines for the treatment of tuberculosis, among other latent diseases. Safe access to health-care structures, drug interactions, and ongoing changes in treatment guidelines are the main challenges. The first published cohort of 45 patients with both tuberculosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection presented three different scenarios regarding the timing of these diagnoses, both diagnoses being made within the same week in only nine of these patients. Thus far, tuberculosis has not been shown to influence the pathophysiology of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The association between these two diseases may be incidental. Tuberculosis remains the leading lethal infection worldwide. 2In patients with preexisting pulmonary tuberculosis and COVID-19, management priorities, drug interactions, and optimal frequency of clinical, biological, and radiological check-ups require clarification. We here report an asymptomatic young patient who had both COVID-19 and pulmonary tuberculosis, raising challenging questions regarding diagnostic tools, treatment, and follow-up.
Hyperbolic quotients of projection complexes
Authors: Clay Matt , Mangahas Johanna
Published: April 2022

This paper is a continuation of our previous work with Margalit where we studied group actions on projection complexes. In that paper, we demonstrated sufficient conditions so that the normal closure of a family of subgroups of vertex stabilizers is a free product of certain conjugates of these subgroups. In this paper, we study both the quotient of the projection complex by this normal subgroup and the action of the quotient group on the quotient of the projection complex. We show that under certain conditions the quotient complex is

\delta

-hyperbolic. Additionally, under certain circumstances, we show that if the original action on the projection complex was a non-elementary WPD action, then so is the action of the quotient group on the quotient of the projection complex. This implies that the quotient group is acylindrically hyperbolic.
Comparison of CT and adjusted MRI for evaluating paranasal sinuses surgical key landmarks
Authors: Landsberg R. , Schneider S. , Masalha M. , Margulis A. , Guindy M. , Luckman J.
Published: April 2022

Background: Sinus CT is the imaging technique of choice for planning endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Although MRI has a better soft tissue demonstration, it is not commonly used for ESS due to suboptimal bone demonstration. We hypothesised that adjustment of certain MRI parameters, would allow better demonstration of bones and enable the surgeon to adequately identify surgical landmarks. Methodology: Twenty patients identified as candidates for ESS underwent CT and adjusted MRI exams of the paranasal sinuses (40 in total). rhinologist and a neuroradiologist independently compared and graded 46 bony structures (23 on each side) in each patient's CT and MRI. Overall, 920 anatomical structures were graded by each observer (1840 structures in total). Statistical analysis included overall and per variable grading distribution for each observer, and overall agreement. Results: MRI images were equal, or superior to CT for assessing paranasal anatomy in 66.8% and 86.4% of structures evaluated by the rhinologist and neuroradiologist, respectively. Overall agreement between observers (77%) was moderate. Conclusion: The rhinologist prefers CT demonstration of bony structures, while the neuroradiologist prefers MRI. Still, with the MRI protocol used in this study, according to both, most bony structures are well demonstrated by MRI.
Czy jest możliwy marański tekst konwersyjny? Biblia według Artura Sandauera
Authors: Jarzyńska Karina
Published: April 2022

Artur Sandauer’s Translation of the Bible as a Medium of Literary Conversion to Modern Marranism

The article considers Bible translation as a potentially converting experience for the translator and for the readers. It is a case study of the work of an important Polish literary critic, Artur Sandauer, who in 1977 translated the Book of Genesis and published it with an extensive commentary, becoming a part of a “biblical boom” that happened in Poland from 1965 to 1985 (as a result of the Second Vatican Council). Numerous translations of the Bible were initiated at that time by both religious institutions and lay individuals of various backgrounds. Sandauer, a Holocaust survivor, was one of the last such translators and his attitude towards existing denominations was particularly complicated. The article identifies textual strategies that he uses to challenge the sanctity of the Bible, aiming for spiritual independence of himself and the potential reader. This type of postsecular, literature-oriented biblical translation has the hallmarks of a conversion text, although the change that would be made in the translator and the reader is unstable, and, as such, akin to the status of a modern marrano.
O naprawczej mocy literatury w eseju Alexandre’a Gefena Réparer le monde. La littérature française face au XXIe siècle [Naprawianie świata. Literatura francuska wobec XXI wieku]
Authors: Czerska Karolina
Published: April 2022

On the Restorative Power of Literature in Alexandre Gefen’s Essay Réparer le monde. La littérature française face au XXIe siècle [Repairing the World. French Literature Facing the 21st Century]

The aim of this paper is to discuss Alexandre Gefen’s essay published in 2017 in which the researcher presents the panorama of latest French prose in the perspective of responsibility for the world and fixing it. The author notes that Gefen also discusses texts from the two last decades of the 20th century, which shows that it was in that period that French writers started to take interest in the human identity and relationship with the world. One of the important genres analyzed by Gefen is autobiography, well-established in the French literary tradition. Another significant matter is the current transformation of literary practices, of the position of the writer and the reader, and of the publishing market, which Gefen also analyzes from the perspective of restoration and therapeutic literature that should care for the readers and heal them. Gefen’s essay is presented as a text encouraging its reader to reflect deeply on the condition of the contemporary world.
Uwarunkowania prawno-ustrojowe pomocy społecznej w Polsce na szczeblu samorządowym
Authors: Wojnicki Jacek
Published: April 2022

Przedmiotem analizy jest ukazanie uwarunkowań prawno-ustrojowych pomocy społecznej w państwie polskim na szczeblu samorządowym. Ukazana została ewolucja socjalnych funkcji państwa oraz współczesne regulacje prawne. Wskazano na miejsce i rolę administracji samorządowej w wykonywaniu zadań z zakresu polityki społecznej, szczególnie na podstawie ustawy z 2004 roku. Wykorzystano podstawowe dwie metody badawcze: analizę instytucjonalno-prawną oraz historyczno-opisową, a w mniejszym zakresie również metodę porównawczą. Główne pytanie badawcze brzmi; jak przebiegała ewolucja uwarunkowań prawnych w państwie polskim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem administracji lokalnej.

Legal and systemic conditions of social assistance in Poland at the local government level

The subject of the analysis is to show the legal and systemic conditions of social assistance in the Polish state at the local government level. It will show the evolution of the social functions of the state and contemporary legal regulations. The place and role of local government administration in performing tasks in the field of social policy, especially on the basis of the Act of 2004, was indicated. Two basic research methods were used: institutional-legal and historicaldescriptive analysis, and to a lesser extent also a comparative method. The main research question is; how the legal conditions in the Polish state evolved, with particular emphasis on local administration.
Pracownik socjalny a straż miejska – charakterystyka współpracy terenowej na przykładzie Straży Miejskiej Miasta Krakowa i miejskiego ośrodka pomocy społecznej w Krakowie
Authors: Twaróg Piotr
Published: April 2022

Charakterystyka zadań Miejskiego Ośrodka Pomocy Społecznej w Krakowie oraz Straży Miejskiej Miasta Krakowa, jako jednostek samorządowych, wymusza między nimi ścisłą współpracę, która zapewnia bardziej efektywną realizację celów w zakresie podejmowanych przez te instytucje czynności, zwłaszcza wobec osób dotkniętych problemem bezdomności. Specyfika pracy socjalnej nierozerwalnie łączy się z zagrożeniami ze strony klientów niejednokrotnie przybierającymi formę ataków fizycznych, na odparcie których pracownik socjalny nie zawsze jest przygotowany. W celu zwiększenia swojego bezpieczeństwa i komfortu pracy, świadomy potencjalnego zagrożenia pracownik powinien orientować się w możliwościach, jakie daje mu działająca na terenie jego pracy jednostka straży miejskiej, a co za tym idzie wskazane jest, by przynajmniej pobieżnie znał ustawowe zadania i uprawnienia strażników miejskich. Poproszenie o asystę funkcjonariuszy straży miejskiej, na czas wykonywania swoich czynności jest jedną z opcji, która może ułatwić pracownikowi socjalnemu bezpieczną realizację swoich obowiązków służbowych.

Social worker and city guard - characteristics of field cooperation on the example of the City Guard of the City of Krakow and the Municipal Social Assistance Center in Krakow

The scope of tasks of the Municipal Social Welfare Centre in Kraków (Miejski Ośrodek Pomocy Społecznej w Krakowie) and the Municipal Police of Kraków (Straż Miejska Miasta Krakowa), both being local government institutions, enforces their close cooperation that ensures an effective execution of their goals by undertaking actions especially concerning the homeless. Threats from individuals, that are often of physical violence kind, that social workers are often unprepared to face, are inseparably incorporated in the specific nature of social work. To improve their safety and comfort of work, social workers aware of potential dangers ought to peruse opportunities offered by local departments of the Municipal Police operating in their remit. It is advisable that social workers know, however superficially, the statutory roles and responsibilities of the Municipal Police. To facilitate a seamless performance of their tasks by conducting them with all possible safety measures, social workers may request an assistance of the Municipal Police unit while on duty.
Evaluation of Agricultural Feasibility of Red Mud with the Gypsum from Desulfurization Process and the Regenerated Sulfuric Acid
Authors: Bong Jae Eun , Shin Dong , Jo Young Tae , Park Jeong-Hun
Published: April 2022

Objectives : Fertilizers were manufactured using red mud, petroleum refining desulfurized gypsum, and recycled sulfuric acid, which are byproducts generated from industrial activities. The chemical properties and heavy metals were analyzed for fertilizers feasibility evaluating, and growth indicators were investigated through lettuce growth experiments and the possibility of agricultural utilizing was determined.Methods : After mixing gypsum with Red Mud at 30 wt% and 50 wt%, fertilizers neutralized at pH 6-7 using regenerated sulfuric acid (RMG30, RMG50) were prepared, and their chemical and heavy metal content were analyzed. In addition, growth indicators (e.g., germination rate, number of leaves, leaf length, leaf width, etc.) were investigated through lettuce growth in soil mixed with 5 to 15% of each fertilizer sample, and agricultural availability for crop growth was assessed.Results and Discussion : Red mud and gypsum mixtures were neutralized by RMG30 and RMG50 within the pH range of 6-7. The contents of heavy metals in the soil of the control and the treatment mixed with RMG30 and RMG50 were all below the concern standards (1 area), and the pH and EC of the treatment soil increased as the amount of fertilizer was injected into the soil. The pH of the soil in growing lettuce was observed to be 6.02 to 8.38, and in most experimental districts, including control soil, it was not included in the growth-affected pH range (pH 5.5 or less, pH 8.0 or higher). The EC of the treatment soil was 8.85 to 20.2 dS/m. In 5% and 10% treatments of RMG50, some growth indices (leaf length) to be higher than those of untreated. And higher growth indicators were observed in RMG50 processing than in RMG30 processing.Conclusion There is no concern about soil pollution caused by heavy metals contained in fertilizers. It is judged that agricultural use will be possible if RMG50 is adjusted to the appropriate EC value of the crop to be grown or used in a salt tolerance crop.
Misunderstanding Jamaluddin Afghani by Muslims of South Asia: the Radical Interpretation
Authors: Balkhi Mirwais
Published: April 2022

Sayyid Jamaluddin Afghani is one of the great features of Islamic reformism, Pan Islamism, and anti-colonialism in the nineteenth century who with the great and revolutionary thoughts has overshadowed all the intellectual and political groups in the Muslim world. This revivalist of the time with numerous trips to distant lands and nearly everywhere sought to awaken Muslims and the Eastern nations to eradicate roots of the Western colonial powers. Indian sub-continent was the primary goal for Jamaluddin Afghani. In his first trip to the sub-continent and the major cities of British India, he tirelessly sought to awaken the Muslim population in that country. He had also dealings with Indian people at the time when he was living outside the sub-continent. Jamaluddin had awakened the generations of his own time and the next. Allama Muhammad Iqbal, Ubaidullah Sindhi, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Abul A’la Maududi, respectively, the prominent figures of pan Islamism, radical Islam, and Islamic modernity, in South Asia are impressed by Afghani’s thoughts. But the above-mentioned generations failed to transfer his original ideas of to the present Muslim generation of the Indian sub-continent. This paper attempts to discuss the relationship of Jamaluddin Afghani with the Indian sub-continent and the influence of his thought on the generations from the past to the present.
Balance of Power in Asia in 2020s: Locating Afghanistan
Authors: Balkhi Mirwais
Published: April 2022

Balance of Power is one of the main areas of discussion among the theorists in International Relations and national security. The state as a key player plays to balance power with other states against an offensive power within an order to maintain security by reducing threads. Asia has been a good model for studying the balance of power in different sub-systems and all-around Asia. I would discuss in this paper, how the formation of alliances happens in Asia’s various regions, Asia’s trans-regional spheres, and overall, Asia. The nature & significances of the Asiatic equilibrium of power, the role of the US as an outside balancer, and what we would be witnessed in the 2020s, are also at the core of this paper.
SMART BADGES FOR KIDS TO ALERT
MEDICINE SCHEDULE
Authors: Aarthi Mai A S Aarthi Mai A S , Rajeswari N Rajeswari N
Published: April 2022

Worldwide kids are not able to concentrate on
taking medicines on time because of their playfulness and
busy on their studies. This paper introduce an Internet of
Things based system to send alert to the kids to take medicine
on time. The system displays the correct medicine and the
quantity to be taken based on the prescription given by the
doctor. It checks the child’s health after taking the medicine
every time. A message will be sent to the parent mobile after
consuming the medicine.
It includes the amount of medicine taken and the
time of consumption. If any allergy or drastic changes appear
in the body, the smart badge sends the message to the parent
mobile immediately. The common illness that is taken for
consideration is fever, flu, asthma, headache, and cough.
Patient data is protected through Blockchain technology
Ageing and Globalisation
Authors: Hyde Martin , Higgs Paul
Published: April 2022

This book provides, for the first time, an accessible overview of how population ageing and globalisation - two of the most radical social transformations that have occurred - interact.
Narcissistic Parenting in an Insecure World
Authors: Hendrick Harry
Published: April 2022

Harry Hendrick shows how broader social changes, including neoliberalism, feminism, the collapse of the social-democratic ideal and the 'new behaviourism', have led to the rise of the anxious and narcissistic parent, in this provocative history of parenting.
Hardware in Loop Simulation based approach for Development and Validation of Battery Management System
Authors:   The Automotive Research Association of India, INDIA, Shah Ravindra , Murugesan Siva , Ghugal Swapnil
Published: April 2022

Objective Battery Management System (BMS), an integral part of EVs and HEVs. Development of reliable BMS requires a lot of cell data and its characterization. A comprehensive BMS shall be capable of handling any type of Li-ion battery chemistry. Such requirements pose challenges for BMS development. A BMS can be ascertained reliable and safe, once the defined functionalities and requirements are proven, but the scale of hardware, data and cost involved to develop and prove is enormous. This paper describes a HIL based approach for Development and Validation of BMS. This method proves to be cost and time effective. Introduction: Challenging emission targets and quest for sustainable mobility, keeps the EV requirement rising. By 2030, the market share of EV is expected to be around 30% excluding two-wheelers. The need for safer and smarter mobility is also growing in tandem. Li-ion batteries has proven to be the promising solution for energy reservoir requirements in EV/HEV. Unaddressed Li-ion battery pack is a potential hazard in EV/HEV. The need of BMS now is not only to address safety of the pack but also support in effective usage of the pack’s potential. Hence a BMS, plays a vital role in any EV/HEV and its development poses multiple challenges. This paper describes a methodology for verification and validation of BMS functionalities through Hardware in Loop (HIL) approach. HIL based validation reduces the cost of development as it eliminates the need of actual Li-ion cells and packs. Any cell characteristics and Pack configuration can be emulated and the BMS functions can be validated. Methodology  Cell model characterization and Validation 18650 cell with NCA chemistry was configured in the simulation model and its characteristics was validated  Development of Controller Model Graphical based programming approach was used for development of the BMS controller model.  MIL (Model in Loop) Here both the Plant model and Controller model was validated in closed loop  RPT hardware as ECU Generic Rapid Prototyping hardware is used for realization of controller  Parameterization of Cell Emulators The 18650 cell with NCA chemistry was then configured in the Cell emulator.  HIL validation The RPT hardware was used in loop with HIL Cell Emulator and the BMS functions were validated. Results The results of Model in Loop simulation was compared with Hardware in Loop Simulation to understand real time performance.