bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN BELAJAR AL-QUR’AN SISWA MELALUI METODE WAFA
Authors: Musolli Musolli
Published: August 2024

The Wafa method is a comprehensive, easy and fun learning Al-Qur'an in learning the Qur'an. The learning context aims to simplify and at the same time accelerate the students 'learning method of the Qur'an. The focus of this research is how to implement the Wafa method in improving the students' ability to memorize Al-Qur'an at MI Fathania Sumberanyar Paiton Probolinggo This study used a qualitative approach with a multicasus study design. documentation. Data analysis techniques include data  reduction, data  presentation, drawing conclusions, checking the validity of the findings carried out by extension of participation: tringulation  techniques  and  observation  persistence.  Research information is the principal, wafa coordinator, teachers and students. The  results showed that  The  implementation of  the  wafa method in improving the ability to memorize the Al-Qur'an at MI Fathania, this student starts with memorizing juz 30 of Surah An-Naba backwards, if you  have  memorized  juz  30,  then  proceed  with  memorizing  juz  29 starting from the letter Al-Mulk backwards . At the end of the activity the
TEACHER'S STRATEGY IN EFFECTIVE LEARNING THROUGH CALENDAR GAMES IN EARLY CHILDREN
Authors: Suhada Suhada
Published: August 2024

This study aims to discover teacher strategies for making learning effective through calendar games in early childhood at RA Bustanul Ulum Liprak Wetan, Probolinggo Regency. This study uses a qualitative approach to the type of Classroom Action Research, which consists of three cycles. Each cycle includes planning, action, observation, and reflection. The results showed that the teacher's strategy in making learning effective through calendar games in early childhood at RA Bustanul Ulum Liprak Wetan, Probolinggo Regency, could improve the cognitive ability to recognize the concept of numbers in children at RA Bustanul Ulum Liprak Wetan, Probolinggo. Learning through the media of counting trees can improve cognitive abilities in recognizing children's numbers marked by an increase in each cycle, namely Cycle I, 55%, and Cycle II, 86%.
Charles Bonnet Syndrome asssociated with glaucoma in a 95-year old female: A case report
Authors: Parlak Elif , Kocyıgıt Suleyman Emre
Published: August 2024

Vision problems increase with age and evaluation of visual perception is important in geriatric practice. Visual hallucinations may occur in elderly individuals for various reasons. Hallucinations secondary to loss of severe visual acuity or visual field, also known as Charles Bonnet Syndrome(CBS), may be rarely seen. We reported a case of CBS secondary to glaucoma in a 95-year-old female patient. It is stated that this patient's visual hallucination has been developing for the last 3 years. The patient had simple hallucinations that were not related to dementia or psychotic disorder. The patient had accompanying depressive mood and fear of being alone. Visual hallucinations decreased after antidepressant treatment. The oldest known case of CBS is presented.
Is Takaful (Islamic Insurance) More Efficient Than Conventional Insurance A Comparative Analysis Of Insurance Industry In Malaysia
Authors: Jia Kiuk Chong  , Hui Shan Lee  , Ping Xin Liew
Published: August 2024

The efficiency of the Malaysian insurance industry (II) has drawn increasing international attention as the country has a dual-insurance system that comprises conventional insurance (CI) and takaful (Islamic) insurance (TI). Therefore, the objectives of the present study are to evaluate the efficiency of the Malaysian II as well as compare the efficiencies of CI and TI in Malaysia. Secondary data, spanning 2013-2021, from 46 CI and 28 TI providers was used. The results of the data envelopment analysis (DEA) indicates that scale efficiency (SE) has a significantly larger impact on the impact the total efficiency (TE) of the Malaysian II than pure technical efficiency (PTE). Therefore, larger insurance companies, with higher SE, are better suited to deal with large-scale risks, while smaller insurance companies may need to diversify or reinsure to limit their risk. Meanwhile, the results of the parametric and non-parametric tests indicate that there is a significant difference between the efficiencies of the Malaysian CI and TI industries. More specifically, that the Shariah-compliant nature of the Malaysian TI industry is a more conservative investment approach. As such, it decreases the risk of losses and financial instability. The purpose of comparing the efficiencies of the Malaysian TI and CI industries was to stimulate innovation and competition in the Malaysian II.
The Role Of Hedonic Motivation In Social Commerce Toward Consumer Purchase Intention
Authors: Kumaresan Kumaran  , Janifer Lunyai  , Nordiana Binti Ahmad Nordin
Published: August 2024

This study investigates the influence of Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) elements on customer purchase intention within the context of social commerce, with a focus on the moderating role of hedonic motivation (HM). TPB factors, including attitude (ATD), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC), along with TAM factors - perceived ease of use (PEOU) and perceived usefulness (PU) - were examined for their connection to consumer purchase intention (CPI). Hedonic motivation's role as a moderator between TPB, TAM, and purchase intention was explored due to its impact on sensory, creative, and emotional responses of hedonic consumers towards products. The study, involving 500 online survey participants, employed SPSS 26.0 for initial analysis and Smart PLS 3.0 for structural equation modeling. Results supported seven out of ten hypotheses, offering valuable insights into hedonic motivation's regulatory effect on customer purchase intention in the realm of social commerce, contributing to a deeper understanding of this evolving market.
Tourism Development Impact In Redang Island, Malaysia A Stakeholder’s View
Authors: Abhar Husaini Abd Hamid  , Yuhanis Abdul Aziz  , Nawal Hanim Abdullah  , Mohd Hafiz Hanafiah  , Azmawani Abd. Rahman
Published: August 2024

Stakeholder perception is a powerful indication for determining the course of tourism development in a tourism site. Stakeholders expressed worries about the environmental effects, socio-cultural changes, and economic consequences of unstructured tourism development on Redang Island. This qualitative study aims to critically examine the stakeholders’ perceptions towards tourism development in Redang Island, Malaysia, focusing on responsible tourism practices. The research also explores the challenges and issues faced in implementing responsible tourism in the area by obtaining feedback from the key stakeholders. A quota sampling approach was employed, resulting in a total of 30 individuals being interviewed in April 2023. Structured, in-depth, face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain rich and diverse data with regard to the topic. These issues have raised critical questions about the island’s sustainability and imbalance of responsible tourism practices. The interviewees also highlighted the need for a unified foundation for informed decision-making and policy development to promote sustainable and responsible tourism on the island. The study provides a compelling insight into the familiarity of responsible tourism practices from the perspectives of multiple tourism stakeholders within the small island realm. This study strengthens the urge for cooperation from all stakeholders for effective understanding and implementation of responsible tourism practices. This study is among a few to offer a comprehensive analysis of responsible tourism practices in Redang Island by critically examining the stakeholder views and recommendations.
An Empirical Study of Financial Efficiency and Stability of Crab–Shrimp Farming Model In Mekong Delta, Vietnam
Authors: Danh Le Ngoc  , Nhan Doan Hoai  , Tac Nguyen Van  , Hien Nguyen Thi Bich
Published: August 2024

The study is conducted with the goal of analyzing the financial efficiency of 308 crab - shrimp farming households in the Mekong Delta, finding factors that affect financial efficiency and the extent of their influence on farm household income. Research results show that extensive crab-shrimp farming households are highly effective. With the average cost of investment in production during the crab farming process of 2,051 thousand VND/1,000m2, the average revenue brought from farming Crab farming of 5,099 thousand VND/1,000m2, farmers have an average profit of about 3,020 thousand VND/1,000m2. The average value of the financial ratios shows that the production model in the Mekong Delta is financially effective, the average value of the revenue/cash cost is 8.08, profit/total costs is 2.31, net income/cash costs is 7.08, and profit /revenue is 0.37. Factors affecting the profits of extensive mud crab farmers consist of three influencing factors: Area, crab/total crab ratio, and farmers in Kien Giang Province. Additionally, the number of years of farming experience has an influence, but its impact is not statistically significant
Intraday Return Of Winners Vs Losers Indonesian Capital Market Evidence
Authors: Masyhuri Hamidi  , Fajri Adrianto  , Nanda Nanda  , Eko Dwi Putra  , Amer Azlan Abdul Jamal
Published: August 2024

The aim of this study is to determine intraday returns in the Indonesian capital market, using sample of 177 listed Indonesian companies from 2021-2022. This study adopts a multiple linear regression analysis, where the return of the last half hour as an endogenous variable consists of winners and losers, the return of the first half hour of trading, the volume of the first half hour, overnight returns, and the USA index futures as an exogenous variable. The originality of this research aims to demonstrate empirical evidence on intraday returns by distinguishing winner & loser stocks and the relationship between the intraday returns of winners and losers with volume, overnight, and US index futures in the emerging market (Indonesia). We find that the first half hour of trading can impact future return. The return of the first thirty minutes is significantly positive on the return of the last thirty minutes for both winner and loser stocks. Further, the volume of the first half hour and the overnight return both positively influences on the last half hour return of the day for loser stocks. This study can offer valuable insights for investment portfolio strategies, especially regarding intraday returns. The findings of this research prove to be a valuable resource for investors when devising investment strategies in the stock market. Additionally, it provides guidance for regulators in establishing rules for stock trading, particularly in transactions involving trading robots.
PENGARUH PENGAJIAN ONLINE KITAB AT-TANBIHAT TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PENGETAHUAN KEAGAMAAN SANTRI TEBUIRENG JOMBANG
Authors: Putra Ilham Elmasani , Suhari
Published: August 2024

Pengetahuan keagamaan adalah kunci bagi seorang hamba untuk dapat melakukan proses pembedaan atau memfilter mana yang hak dan mana yang batil, sehingga mendapat hasil yang maksimal dalam menjalankan perintah dan menjauhi larangan-Nya. Secara garis besar, pengetahuan keagamaan terhimpun dan terklasifikasikan dalam tiga hal pokok, yaitu: akidah, ibadah (syariah), dan akhlak. Adapun tujuan dan maksud dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengetahui aktivitas pengajian online kitab at-Tanbihat di Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. (2) mengetahui pengaruh aktivitas pengajian online kitab at-Tanbihat terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan agama santri Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan peneliti dengan jenis penelitian korelasi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang peneliti pakai adalah observasi, kuesioner, dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis dengan regresi linier sederhana. Analisis tersebut terbukti mampu memaparkan data dan ditarik kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian, uji hipotesis dapat diketahui bahwa dengan taraf signifikan 0,050 dengan jumlah subjek 101 (101-1) (N-1) maka derajat kebebasan db=100, jadi H1 diterima dan H0 ditolak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan antara aktivitas pengajian online kitab at-Tanbihat terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan keagamaan santri Pondok Pesantren Tebuireng Jombang. Kesimpulan tersebut dilihat berdasarkan analisis data yang menunjukkan perbedaan rata-rata yang signifikan dengan perhitungan t hitung > t tabel atau nilai signifikansi (0,000<0,05), maka H0 tidak diterima
Land Surface Temperature Anomalies as Indicators of Urban Land Cover Change—A Study of Two Indian Cities
Authors: Roy Anusha , Rajasekaran Eswar , Harod Rahul , Gnanappazham L.
Published: August 2024

Rapid urbanisation over the years has led to the loss of natural land cover, thereby affecting Land Surface Temperature (LST) distribution in urban areas. This study aims to analyse LST anomalies (calculated as the deviation from the normal) over selected Indian cities and check if critical land cover changes can be identified. LST from Landsat Thermal Infrared (TIR) images acquired in March, April and May from 1988 to 2020 were used to estimate LST anomalies. Positive LST anomalies were observed mainly over barren and impervious areas; however, some areas showed a negative anomaly where the barren lands were converted to vegetated areas. The study has demonstrated that while some developed areas exhibit a positive anomaly indicative of significant changes or development, there are instances where the conversion of barren land to developed (i.e. built up) areas has resulted in a negative anomaly. Developed areas that are closer to the water creek or mangroves were associated with lower anomaly values indicating the cooling effect of the water body and vegetation. Conversely, the core urban areas generally exhibited higher LST values with positive anomalies indicating a warming effect. These findings can be used by city planners to identify hotspot areas and develop more effective strategies and policies to address the challenges of urban heat. They also highlight the regions that require infrastructural resources and policy changes to reduce the temperature.
Co-Constructing “Third Spaces” for Engagement with and for Minoritized Community Groups and Environmental Scientists
Authors: Holliman Richard , Ludhra Geeta , Warren Clare Janet , Khatwa Anjana , Araya Yoseph , Smith Kelly , Ansine Janice , Badger Marcus Peter Sebastian
Published: August 2024

The demographics of environmental and Earth scientists are not representative of the UK’s multicultural society. We sought to widen diversity and engage equitably through two related engaged research projects, “Walking the Walk” and “Landscape Stories.” This paper offers a critically reflexive account, based on the methodology of duoethnography, of how we co-constructed a “third space” with and for minoritized community groups and environmental scientists. We sought to create the conditions for inclusive leadership informed by connectedness, respect, humility and intentionality. We argue that for environmental and Earth science research to be more equitable and inclusive, members of project teams should be engaged and more representative of wider society. Following this, collective work to create third spaces requires: respect for diversity and different forms of expertise, knowledge starting points, power dynamics and esteem; a willingness to make connections across disciplines and sub-cultures, actively listening and (un)learning from different (knowledge) cultures; and a commitment to be respectful of hidden and manifest difference, exploring purpose and gaps in knowledge in more holistic ways.
Development of a novel sandwich immunoassay based on targeting recombinant Francisella outer membrane protein A for the diagnosis of tularemia
Authors: Jang Jieun , Kwon Do Hyung , Jang Ju-Hong , Lee Dong-Gwang , Chang Seo-Hyuk , Jeon Min-Young , Jeong Young-Su , Song Dong-Hyun , Min Jeong-Ki , Park Jong-Gil , Lee Moo-Seung , Han Baek-Soo , Yang Wonjun , Lee Nam-Kyung , Lee Jangwook
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Tularemia, caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, poses health risks to humans and can spread through a variety of routes. It has also been classified as a Tier 1 Select agent by the CDC, highlighting its potential as a bioterrorism agent. Moreover, it is difficult to diagnose in a timely fashion, owing to the non-specific nature of tularemia infections. Rapid, sensitive, and accurate detection methods are required to reduce mortality rates. We aimed to develop antibodies directed against the outer membrane protein A of F. tularensis (FopA) for rapid and accurate diagnosis of tularemia.

Methods

We used a baculovirus insect cell expression vector system to produce the FopA antigen and generate anti-FopA antibodies through immunization of BALB/c mice. We then employed hybridoma and phage display technologies to screen for antibodies that could recognize unique epitopes on FopA.

Result

Two monoclonal antibodies, 6B12 and 3C1, identified through phage display screening specifically bound to recombinant FopA in a dose-dependent manner. The binding affinity of the anti-FopA 6B12 and 3C1 antibodies was observed to have an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.76 × 10-10 M and 1.32 × 10-9 M, respectively. These antibodies were used to develop a sandwich ELISA system for the diagnosis of tularemia. This assay was found to be highly specific and sensitive, with detection limits ranging from 0.062 ng/mL in PBS to 0.064 ng/mL in skim milk matrices.

Discussion

Our findings demonstrate the feasibility of a novel diagnostic approach for detecting F. tularensis based on targeting FopA, as opposed to existing tests that target the bacterial lipopolysaccharide.
Application of different earthquake-induced landslide hazard assessment models on the 2022 Ms 6.8 luding earthquake
Authors: Lu Yao , Ma Siyuan , Xia Chaoxu
Published: August 2024

Following the earthquake, prompt evaluation of the distribution of coseismic landslides and estimation of potential disaster losses are crucial for emergency response and resettlement planning. The Luding earthquake of 2022 offers a valuable opportunity to conduct a rapid assessment of coseismic landslides using various models. In this study, we utilize the Logistic Regression (LR)-based Xu2019 model, a new-generation model developed in China, alongside the Newmark model to perform the rapid hazard assessment of coseismic landslides. Assessing the accuracy and applicability of these two models based on the coseismic landslides from the Luding earthquake, we find that within intensity area of IX, the high probability area identified by the Newmark model aligns closely with the actual distribution of landslides. However, the Newmark model’s prediction is overestimated in the intensity area of VIII. For the Xu2019 model, the prediction results are in good agreement with the distribution of actual landslides. Most landslides are located in high probability areas, such as Detuo town, Wandong, and Xingfu villages, indicating that the model has a higher prediction accuracy. Overall, two models have good practical utility in emergency hazard assessment of coseismic landslides. However, the Newmark model requires multi-input parameters and the assignment of these parameters will increase the uncertainty and subjectivity in the practical application of the modeling assessment.
Geodynamic modeling on continental collision in Qilian orogenic belt
Authors: Zhou Hui , Qing Jiarong , Qi Rui , Huang Xingfu , Liao Jie , Gao Rui
Published: August 2024

The Qilian orogenic belt (QOB) located in the northeast margin of the Tibetan Plateau is featured by remarkable crustal thrusting and shortening, providing a key natural example to understand the lithospheric deformation of the Tibetan Plateau. Two types of continental collision are observed in the QOB: lithosphere subduction beneath Southern Qilian and crust underthrusting of Alxa terrain along the North Border Thrust (NBT). Deep seismic reflection profiles reveal complex stress field evolution, including compressional deformation in the lower crust, extensional deformation in the upper crust, and detachment deformation in the middle crust. In this study, we use 2D numerical modeling to investigate the dynamics of these two different collision types and the evolution of Qilian uplift. Model results suggest three patterns of continental collision, i.e., crust underthrusting follows lithosphere subduction, lithosphere subduction and the failed underthrusting/subduction. The key factors that may influence model evolution, including crustal rheology, convergence direction and rate, are systematically investigated. Our model results are further compared to observations, suggesting that lower convergence rate and crust underthrusting along NBT likely control the uplift and crust stress stratification of the QOB.
Soil nutrient content dominates short-term vegetation changes in alpine tundra of Changbai Mountains
Authors: Xing Shanfeng , Wang Wen J. , Wang Lei , Du Haibo , Wu Zhengfang , Zong Shengwei , Cong Yu , Ba Shengjie
Published: August 2024

Alpine tundra, covering 3% of the Earth’s land surface, harbors approximately 4% of higher plant species. Changes in this vegetation significantly impact biodiversity and ecosystem services. Recent studies have primarily focused on large-scale and long-term vegetation changes in polar and high-latitude regions. However, the study of short-term vegetation changes and their primary drivers has received insufficient attention in alpine tundra. This study aimed to investigate vegetation changes and their dominant drivers in the alpine tundra of Changbai Mountains-located at the southern edge of the alpine tundra distribution in Eastern Eurasia-over a short period by re-surveying permanent plots in 2019 and comparing them with data from 2014. The results showed that significant changes were observed in alpine tundra vegetation during the study period. The importance values of typical alpine tundra plants such as Rhododendron chrysanthum, Vaccinium uliginosum, and Dryas octopetala decreased noticeably, while those of herbaceous species such as Deyeuxia angustifolia and Sanguisorba sitchensis increased significantly. Species richness, diversity, and evenness at different altitudinal gradients showed varying degrees of increase. A distinct expansion trend of herbaceous species was observed in the alpine tundra, contributing to a shift in plant community composition toward herbaceous dominance. This shift might result in the meadowization of the dwarf shrub tundra. Our findings further revealed that soil nutrients rather than climate factors, dominated the changes of plant communities over a short period. These findings provide scientific references for the conservation and management of biodiversity, as well as for projecting future vegetation dynamics in alpine tundra.
The biochemistry of melanogenesis: an insight into the function and mechanism of melanogenesis-related proteins
Authors: Wang Feifei , Ma Wenjing , Fan Dongjie , Hu Jing , An Xiaohong , Wang Zuding
Published: August 2024

Melanin is an amino acid derivative produced by melanocyte through a series of enzymatic reactions using tyrosinase as substrate. Human skin and hair color is also closely related to melanin, so understanding the mechanisms and proteins that produce melanin is very important. There are many proteins involved in the process of melanin expression, For example, proteins involved in melanin formation such as p53, HNF-1α (Hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α), SOX10 (Sry-related HMg-Box gene 10) and pax3 (paired box gene 3), MC1R(Melanocortin 1 Receptor), MITF (Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor), TYR (tyrosinase), TYRP1 (tyrosinase-related protein-1), TYRP2 (tyrosinase-related protein-2), and can be regulated by changing their content to control the production rate of melanin. Others, such as OA1 (ocular albinism type 1), Par-2 (protease-activated receptor 2) and Mlph (Melanophilin), have been found to control the transfer rate of melanosomes from melanocytes to keratinocytes, and regulate the amount of human epidermal melanin to control the depth of human skin color. In addition to the above proteins, there are other protein families also involved in the process of melanin expression, such as BLOC, Rab and Rho. This article reviews the origin of melanocytes, the related proteins affecting melanin and the basic causes of related gene mutations. In addition, we also summarized the active ingredients of 5 popular whitening cosmetics and their mechanisms of action.
Regulation mechanism of microRNAs in cardiac cells-derived exosomes in cell crosstalk
Authors: Lin Shanshan , Yang Yuanjian , Zhou Zhou , Li Wen , Wang Xianliang , Liu Yu , Bi Yingfei , Mao Jingyuan
Published: August 2024

The heart is a multicellular system, and the intercellular crosstalk mechanism is very important for the growth and development of the heart and even the organs, tissues, and cells at a distance. As a kind of extracellular vesicle, exosomes are released by different types of cells and can carry specific genetic material, endosomal proteins, cytokines, etc., which are the main material basis for mediating cell crosstalk mechanism. Among them, microRNA carried by cardiac cells-derived exosomes have highly conserved sequences and play a key role in regulating the function of organs, tissues, and cells related to cardiovascular diseases and their complications and comorbidities, which have attracted extensive attention in the medical community in recent years. Following up on the latest research progress at home and abroad, this review systematically summarized the regulatory role of microRNA from cardiac cells-derived exosomes in various cell crosstalk, including not only cardiac cells (including cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, myofibroblast, cardiac progenitor cells, cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, cardiosphere-derived cells, etc.) but also tumor cells, bone marrow progenitor cells, and other tissue cells, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and their complications and comorbidities.
Advancing non-optical water quality monitoring in Lake Tana, Ethiopia: insights from machine learning and remote sensing techniques
Authors: Leggesse Elias S. , Zimale Fasikaw A. , Sultan Dagnenet , Enku Temesgen , Tilahun Seifu A.
Published: August 2024

Water quality is deteriorating in the world's freshwater bodies, and Lake Tana in Ethiopia is becoming unpleasant to biodiversity. The objective of this study is to retrieve non-optical water quality data, specifically total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations, in Lake Tana using Machine Learning (ML) techniques applied to Landsat 8 OLI imagery. The ML methods employed include Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Regression (SVR), Random Forest Regression (RF), XGBoost Regression (XGB), AdaBoost Regression (AB), and Gradient Boosting Regression (GB). The XGB algorithm provided the best result for TN retrieval, with determination coefficient (R2), mean absolute error (MARE), relative mean square error (RMSE) and Nash Sutcliff (NS) values of 0.80, 0.043, 0.52, and 0.81 mg/L, respectively. The RF algorithm was most effective for TP retrieval, with R2 of 0.73, MARE of 0.076, RMSE of 0.17 mg/L, and NS index of 0.74. These methods accurately predicted TN and TP spatial concentrations, identifying hotspots along river inlets and northeasters. The temporal patterns of TN, TP, and their ratios were also accurately represented by combining in-situ, RS and ML-based models. Our findings suggest that this approach can significantly improve the accuracy of water quality retrieval in large inland lakes and lead to the development of potential water quality digital services.
Impact of Location of Residence and Distance to Cancer Centre on Medical Oncology Consultation and Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Triple-Negative and HER2-Positive Breast Cancer
Authors: Yee Elliott K. , Hallet Julie , Look Hong Nicole J. , Nguyen Lena , Coburn Natalie , Wright Frances C. , Gandhi Sonal , Jerzak Katarzyna J. , Eisen Andrea , Roberts Amanda
Published: August 2024

Despite consensus guidelines, most patients with early-stage triple-negative (TN) and HER2-positive (HER2+) breast cancer do not see a medical oncologist prior to surgery and do not receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). To understand barriers to care, we aimed to characterize the relationship between geography (region of residence and cancer centre proximity) and receipt of a pre-treatment medical oncology consultation and NAC for patients with TN and HER2+ breast cancer. Using linked administrative datasets in Ontario, Canada, we performed a retrospective population-based analysis of women diagnosed with stage I–III TN or HER2+ breast cancer from 2012 to 2020. The outcomes were a pre-treatment medical oncology consultation and the initiation of NAC. We created choropleth maps to assess the distribution of the outcomes and cancer centres across census divisions. To assess the relationship between distance to the nearest cancer centre and outcomes, we performed multivariable regression analyses adjusted for relevant factors, including tumour extent and nodal status. Of 14,647 patients, 29.9% received a pre-treatment medical oncology consultation and 77.7% received NAC. Mapping demonstrated high interregional variability, ranging across census divisions from 12.5% to 64.3% for medical oncology consultation and from 8.8% to 64.3% for NAC. In the full cohort, compared to a distance of ≤5 km from the nearest cancer centre, only 10–25 km was significantly associated with lower odds of NAC (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.70–0.99). Greater distances were not associated with pre-treatment medical oncology consultation. The interregional variability in medical oncology consultation and NAC for patients with TN and HER2+ breast cancer suggests that regional and/or provider practice patterns underlie discrepancies in the referral for and receipt of NAC. These findings can inform interventions to improve equitable access to NAC for eligible patients.
Numerical Modeling and Optimization of a Quasi-Resonant Inverter-Based Induction Heating Process of a Magnetic Gear
Authors: Orosz Tamás , Csizmadia Miklós , Nagy Balázs
Published: August 2024

Induction heating is a clear, cheap, and highly effective technology used for many industrial and commercial applications. Generally, a time-varying magnetic field produces the required heat in the workpiece with a specially designed coil. The efficiency of the heating process depends highly on the coil design and the geometrical arrangement. A detailed and accurate finite element analysis of the induction heating process usually needs to resolve a coupled thermoelastic–magnetic problem, whose parameters values depend on the solution of another field. The paper deals with a shrink-fitting process design problem: a gear should be assembled with an axe. The interesting part of this case study is given the prescribed low limits for critical stress, the temperature of the gear material, and the heat-treated wearing surfaces. A coupled finite-element-based model and a genetic algorithm-based parameter determination methodology were presented. A thermal imaging-based measurement validated the presented numerical model and parameter determination task. The results show that the proposed methodology can be used to calibrate and validate the numerical model and optimize an induction heating process.
Advanced Deep Learning Techniques for Battery Thermal Management in New Energy Vehicles
Authors: Qi Shaotong , Cheng Yubo , Li Zhiyuan , Wang Jiaxin , Li Huaiyi , Zhang Chunwei
Published: August 2024

In the current era of energy conservation and emission reduction, the development of electric and other new energy vehicles is booming. With their various attributes, lithium batteries have become the ideal power source for new energy vehicles. However, lithium-ion batteries are highly sensitive to temperature changes. Excessive temperatures, either high or low, can lead to abnormal operation of the batteries, posing a threat to the safety of the entire vehicle. Therefore, developing a reliable and efficient Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) that can monitor battery status and prevent thermal runaway is becoming increasingly important. In recent years, deep learning has gradually become widely applied in various fields as an efficient method, and it has also been applied to some extent in the development of BTMS. In this work, we discuss the basic principles of deep learning and related optimization principles and elaborate on the algorithmic principles, frameworks, and applications of various advanced deep learning methods in BTMS. We also discuss several emerging deep learning algorithms proposed in recent years, their principles, and their feasibility in BTMS applications. Finally, we discuss the obstacles faced by various deep learning algorithms in the development of BTMS and potential directions for development, proposing some ideas for progress. This paper aims to analyze the advanced deep learning technologies commonly used in BTMS and some emerging deep learning technologies and provide new insights into the current combination of deep learning technology in new energy trams to assist the development of BTMS.
Synthesis, Structure, Electrochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Organogermanium(IV) Catecholate Complexes
Authors: Burmistrova Daria A. , Pomortseva Nadezhda P. , Voronina Yulia K. , Kiskin Mikhail A. , Dolgushin Fedor M. , Berberova Nadezhda T. , Eremenko Igor L. , Poddel’sky Andrey I. , Smolyaninov Ivan V.
Published: August 2024

A series of novel organogermanium(IV) catecholates 1–9 of the general formula R’2Ge(Cat), where R’ = Ph, Et, have been synthesized. Compounds were characterized by 1H, 13C NMR, IR spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The molecular structures of 1–3, 6, and 8 in crystal state were established using single-crystal X-ray analysis. The complexes are tetracoordinate germanium(IV) compounds containing a dioxolene ligand in a dianion (catecholato) form. Electrochemical transformations of target germanium(IV) complexes have been studied by cyclic voltammetry. The electro-oxidation mechanism of complexes 1–5, 7, and 10 (the related complex Ph2Ge(3,5-Cat) where 3,5-Cat is 3,5-di-tert-butylcatecholate) involves the consecutive formation of mono- and dicationic derivatives containing the oxidized forms of redox-active ligands. The stability of the generated monocations depends both on the hydrocarbon groups at the germanium atom and on the substituents in the catecholate ring. Compounds 6, 8, and 9 are oxidized irreversibly under the electrochemical conditions with the formation of unstable complexes. The radical scavenging activity and antioxidant properties of new complexes were estimated in the reaction with DPPH radical, ABTS radical cation, and CUPRACTEAC assay. It has been found that compounds 8 and 9 with benzothiazole or phenol fragments are more active in DPPH test. The presence of electron-rich moieties in the catecholate ligand makes complexes 5 and 7–9 more reactive to ABTS radical cation. The value of CUPRACTEAC for organogermanium(IV) catecholates varies from 0.23 to 1.45. The effect of compounds 1–9 in the process of lipid peroxidation of rat liver (Wistar) homogenate was determined in vitro. It was found that most compounds are characterized by pronounced antioxidant activity. A feature of complexes 1, 3, and 5–9 is the intensification of the antioxidant action with the incubation time. In the presence of additives of complexes 3, 5, 6, and 8, an induction period was observed during the process of lipid peroxidation.
Genome Resequencing for Autotetraploid Rice and Its Closest Relatives Reveals Abundant Variation and High Potential in Rice Breeding
Authors: Zhang Yachun , Du Anping , Tong Liqi , Yan Gui , Lu Longxiang , Yin Yanni , Fu Xingyue , Yang Huixin , Li Hui , Huang Weizao , Cai Detian , Song Zhaojian , Zhang Xianhua , He Yuchi , Tu Shengbin
Published: August 2024

Polyploid rice and its reverted diploid show rich phenotypic variation and strong heterosis, showing great breeding value. However, the genomic differences among tetraploids, counterpart common diploids, tetraploid-revertant diploids, and hybrid descendants are unclear. In this work, we bred a new excellent two-line hybrid rice variety, Y Liang You Duo Hui 14 (HTRM12), using Haitian tetraploid self-reverted diploid (HTRM2). Furthermore, we comparatively analyzed the important agronomic traits and genome-wide variations of those closest relatives, Haitian diploid (HT2), Haitian tetraploid (HT4), HTRM2, and HTRM12 in detail, based on multiple phenotypic investigations, genome resequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The results of agronomic traits analysis and genome-wide variation analysis of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), insertion–deletion (InDel), and copy number variation (CNV) show that HT4 and HTRM2 had abundant phenotypic and genomic variations compared to HT2. HTRM2 can inherit important traits and variations from HT4. This implies that tetraploid self-reverted diploid has high potential in creating excellent breeding materials and in breeding breakthrough hybrid rice varieties. Our study verifies the feasibility that polyploid rice could be used as a mutation carrier for creating variations and provides genomic information, new breeding materials, and a new way of application for tetraploid rice breeding.
Wuhan Sequence-Based Recombinant Antigens Expressed in E. coli Elicit Antibodies Capable of Binding with Omicron S-Protein
Authors: Evtushenko Ekaterina , Ryabchevskaya Ekaterina , Kovalenko Angelina , Granovskiy Dmitriy , Arkhipenko Marina , Vasiliev Yuri , Nikitin Nikolai , Karpova Olga
Published: August 2024

The development of cross-reactive vaccines is one of the central aims of modern vaccinology. Continuous mutation and the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants and subvariants create the problem of universal coronavirus vaccine design. Previously, the authors devised three recombinant coronavirus antigens, which were based on the sequence collected in 2019 (the Wuhan variant) and produced in an E. coli bacterial expression system. The present work has shown, for the first time, that these recombinant antigens induce the production of antibodies that clearly interact with produced in CHO full-length S-protein of the Omicron variant. The immunogenicity of these recombinant antigens was studied in formulations with different adjuvants: Freund’s adjuvant, Al(OH)3 and an adjuvant based on spherical particles (SPs), which are structurally modified plant virus. All adjuvanted formulations effectively stimulated Omicron-specific IgG production in mice. These universal coronavirus antigens could be considered the main component for the further development of broad-spectrum coronavirus vaccines for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection. The present work also provides evidence that the synthetic biology approach is a promising strategy for the development of highly cross-reactive vaccines. Moreover, it is important to note that the bacterial expression system might be appropriate for the production of antigenically active universal antigens.
Influence of Exercise and Genistein to Mitigate the Deleterious Effects of High-Fat High-Sugar Diet on Alzheimer’s Disease-Related Markers in Male Mice
Authors: Shah Juhi , Orosz Tyler , Singh Avneet , Laxma Savan Parameshwar , Gross Rachel E. , Smith Nicholas , Vroegop Spencer , Sudler Sydney , Porter James T. , Colon Maria , Jun Lauren , Babu Jeganathan R. , Shim Minsub , Broderick Thomas L. , Al-Nakkash Layla
Published: August 2024

The prevalence of obesity and related consequences, including insulin resistance and Alzheimer’s-like neuropathology, has increased dramatically. Contributing to this prevalence is the shift in lifestyle preference away from wholesome foods and exercise to the Western-style diet and sedentarism. Despite advances in drug development, a healthy diet and regular exercise remain the most effective approaches to mitigating the unwanted sequelae of diet-induced obesity on brain health. In this study, we used the high-fat high-sugar (HFHS) mouse model of neurodegeneration to examine the effects of exercise training (HFHS+Ex), genistein treatment (HFHS+Gen), and combination treatment (HFHS+Ex+Gen) on proteins relating to neurodegeneration in the brain of male mice. After a period of 12 weeks, as expected, HFHS feeding increased body weight, adipose tissue weight, and systemic plasma inflammation (TNF-α) compared to lean mice fed a standard diet. HFHS feeding also increased protein expression of brain markers of insulin resistance (pGSK-3β, p-IR), apoptosis (caspase 3), early neurofibrillary tangles (CP13), and amyloid-beta precursor (CT20). Compared to HFHS mice, Ex decreased body weight, plasma TNF-α, and expression of pGSK-3β, caspase 3, CP13, amyloid-β precursor (22c11), and ADAM10. Treatment with Gen was equally protective on these markers and decreased the expression of p-IR. Combination treatment with Ex and Gen afforded the greatest overall benefits, and this group exhibited the greatest reduction in body and adipose tissue weight and all brain markers, except for 22c11 and ADAM10, which were decreased compared to mice fed an HFHS diet. In addition, levels of 4G8, which detects protein levels of amyloid-β, were decreased with combination treatment. Our results indicate that exercise training, genistein supplementation, or combination treatment provide varying degrees of neuroprotection from HFHS feeding-induced Alzheimer’s pathology. Future perspectives could include evaluating moderate exercise regimens in combination with dietary supplementation with genistein in humans to determine whether the same benefits translate clinically.
Updates on Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 Catalysis of Complex Steroid Oxidations
Authors: Guengerich F. Peter , Tateishi Yasuhiro , McCarty Kevin D. , Yoshimoto Francis K.
Published: August 2024

Cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes dominate steroid metabolism. In general, the simple C-hydroxylation reactions are mechanistically straightforward and are generally agreed to involve a perferryl oxygen species (formally FeO3+). Several of the steroid transformations are more complex and involve C-C bond scission. We initiated mechanistic studies with several of these (i.e., 11A1, 17A1, 19A1, and 51A1) and have now established that the dominant modes of catalysis for P450s 19A1 and 51A1 involve a ferric peroxide anion (i.e., Fe3+O2¯) instead of a perferryl ion complex (FeO3+), as demonstrated with 18O incorporation studies. P450 17A1 is less clear. The indicated P450 reactions all involve sequential oxidations, and we have explored the processivity of these multi-step reactions. P450 19A1 is distributive, i.e., intermediate products dissociate and reassociate, but P450s 11A1 and 51A1 are highly processive. P450 17A1 shows intermediate processivity, as expected from the release of 17-hydroxysteroids for the biosynthesis of key molecules, and P450 19A1 is very distributive. P450 11B2 catalyzes a processive multi-step oxidation process with the complexity of a chemical closure of an intermediate to a locked lactol form.
Podocyte Death in Diabetic Kidney Disease: Potential Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets
Authors: Zhong Suye , Wang Na , Zhang Chun
Published: August 2024

Cell deaths maintain the normal function of tissues and organs. In pathological conditions, the abnormal activation or disruption of cell death often leads to pathophysiological effects. Diabetic kidney disease (DKD), a significant microvascular complication of diabetes, is linked to high mortality and morbidity rates, imposing a substantial burden on global healthcare systems and economies. Loss and detachment of podocytes are key pathological changes in the progression of DKD. This review explores the potential mechanisms of apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, cuproptosis, and podoptosis in podocytes, focusing on how different cell death modes contribute to the progression of DKD. It recognizes the limitations of current research and presents the latest basic and clinical research studies targeting podocyte death pathways in DKD. Lastly, it focuses on the future of targeting podocyte cell death to treat DKD, with the intention of inspiring further research and the development of therapeutic strategies.
Divine Simplicity and the Boundaries of Orthodoxy
Authors: Harwood Adam
Published: August 2024

This paper explores whether the classical view of Divine Simplicity (DS) is required to remain in the bounds of Christian orthodoxy. After defining key terms, a method is proposed and employed for identifying the boundaries of orthodoxy: searching the statements of the four ecumenical councils for explicit affirmations of DS. In addition, three historic confessions and a significant contemporary statement of faith are examined for affirmations of the classical view of DS. The conclusion is that an affirmation of the classical view of DS is orthodox, but not required for orthodoxy.
Intravenous Nephrostomy Misplacement in Inferior Vena Cava after Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy
Authors: Haghpanah Abdolreza , Kamran Hooman , Ghoddusi Johari Hamed , Varmazyar Matin
Published: August 2024

A 43-year-old man underwent left ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy [...]
Simulation of the Effect of Soil Temperature on Earth - Air Heat Exchanger Behavior
Authors:   University of Basrah, Qasim Hussam , Alshara Ahmed ,   University of Misan, Abood Falah ,   University of Basrah
Published: August 2024

Modern life makes energy, and the source of it is very important. This renewable energy comes from the Earth-Air Heat Exchanger (EAHE) in the soil employed as an air conditioning device for buildings in the climate conditions in Basrah city, south of Iraq. In the present study, the EAHE buried in the soil is simulated numerically using the finite volume method with a soft package. ANSYS: Fluent 2021/R2. A parametric analysis was carried out to determine the effect of three depths (Z = 1, 2, and 3 m), taking into account the physical properties of the soil in the area under study, which is in the city of Basrah in southern Iraq, at longitude 47.749° and latitude 30.568°, as well as the data and time of 1/6/2023 at 12 p.m., the diameter of the pipe (D = 7.62, 10.16, and 15.24 cm), and different velocities (v = 0.5, 1, and 1.5 m/s). The results are presented as a temperature contour and a velocity contour for the performance of EAHE. The important results showed that when the depth of the buried pipe decreases, the temperature of the air outlet and heat exchanger increases; when the diameter decreases, the air outlet temperature from the EAHE and the soil temperature decrease; when the length of the pipe is about 30 m, after this length, the decrease in temperature is very small; and the maximum temperature difference of about 10 °C between the ambient temperature and the outlet temperature of the EAHE was obtained at a depth of 3 m and a velocity of 1 m/s at a diameter of 7.62 cm.