bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variability Assessment for Volume, Biomass and Carbon Stock in Cedrus deodara (Roxb) G.Don. Forests of Garhwal Himalaya
Authors: Digvijaysinh Rathod , Kumar Yogesh , Ramola Gaurav Chand , Prajapati Dhaval , Dhanai C. S. , Khanduri V. P.
Published: July 2020

Deodar is typically gregarious and is usually found in pure stands. It is one of the most important timber species in the forests of North Indian Himalayas. The objective of the present study was the assessment of variation in volume and biomass along with the carbon holding capacity of different deodar forests. The present study was undertaken in ten different forests sites, assessed by laying out three 0.1 ha sample plots randomly on each location. Total enumeration of trees within the sample plot was done by measuring girth and height of all the trees. Further, data collected from stand were computed for dbh, basal area, volume, stand density and canopy cover. The above ground biomass densities (AGBD), below ground biomass density (BGBD), total biomass density (TBD), total carbon density (TCD) were examined for variation of biomass and carbon stock. The results derived from field data during the study revealed that the values range from 42.10 to 57.07 cm (diameter at breast height), 1.37 to 2.84 m2 trees-1 (basal area), 19.68 to 37.64 m (height), 1.44 m3 tree-1 to 4.27 m3 tree-1 (volume), 227 to 407 individual ha-1 (stand density) and 57.91% to 80.60% (canopy cover) respectively. The values of AGBD (428.57 to 1279.51 Mg ha-1), BGBD (97.41 to 256.14 Mg ha-1), TBD (525.98 to 1535.65 Mg ha-1), and TCD (767.83 to 262.99 Mg ha-1) were recorded in different study sites and highest values was observed in Kanasar-I site. On the basis of above results it can be concluded that the healthy stand growth means presence of trees in all diameter classes. The Kanasar-I has more prominent capacity to storage biomass and carbon stock. Deodar being a slow growing conifer will provide a long term and high carbon storage than broadleaf species forest. Therefore, protecting deodar forest would have the largest impact, per unit area, on reducing carbon emission from deforestation.
Trouillot, o Caribe e a antropologia
Authors: Mello Marcelo Moura , Pires Rogério Brittes W.
Published: July 2020

Neste texto, Michel-Rolph Trouillot (1949-2012) procede a uma revisão bibliográfica crítica da produção caribeanista, focando, sobretudo, em trabalhos publicados em língua inglesa entre meados da década de 1970 e 1992. O ensaio se organiza em torno de três grandes temas e suas ramificações: heterogeneidade, historicidade e articulação, este último relativo à natureza e aos limites das unidades de observação ou de análise. No artigo, Trouillot trata tanto do Caribe, tal como visto pela antropologia, quanto da antropologia, tal como vista a partir do Caribe, e discute, também, a questão do estatuto epistemológico dos discursos nativos na disciplina.

Palavras-chave: teoria cultural - sociedades complexas - história - vozes nativas - unidades de análise.

A região do Caribe.
 Uma fronteira aberta na teoria antropológica

Michel-Rolph Trouillot
Escravidão na terra do cacau
Authors: Mahony Mary Ann
Published: July 2020

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Relações de gênero e etnicidade no trabalho do mercado
Authors: Popinigis Fabiane
Published: July 2020

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Da incorporação dos banhos salgados de mar à balnearização das praias do Recife: um “período denso” na produção do espaço praiano
Authors: Dos Santos Otávio Augusto Alves
Published: July 2020

Segundo o geógrafo Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos, os períodos densos correspondem a momentos de grande intensidade, em que ocorrem acontecimentos transformadores para uma cidade ou um espaço qualquer. A tese defendida neste artigo é a de que o intervalo entre a segunda metade do século XIX e a primeira metade do século XX, marcada, entre outras coisas, pela introdução do hábito social dos banhos salgados de mar e a consequente “balnearização” das praias, constitui um período denso para a produção do espaço praiano do Recife.

Abstract

SINCE THE INCORPORATION OF SEA SALTED BATHS TO THE SEASIDE URBANIZATION IN RECIFE: A “DENSE PERIOD” IN BEACH SPACE PRODUCTION

According to geographer Pedro de Almeida Vasconcelos, the dense periods correspond to moments of too much intensity, which occur transformative events for a city or any space. The thesis defended in this article is that the interval between the second half of the nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, marked, among other things, by the introduction of the social habit of salty sea baths and the consequent seaside urbanization, constitutes a dense period for the Recife beach space production.
BIOÉTICA E TRANSHUMANISMO: UMA DISCUSSÃO SOBRE AS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA E A IDEIA DE CIBORGUE
Authors: Gama Raiol Raimundo Wilson , De Mattos Alencar Evandro Luan
Published: July 2020

O presente trabalho trata de abordar a discussão bioética sobre o transhumanismo, tema circundado pelas questões do progresso biotecnológico e o uso da ciência para as melhorias das capacidades, e a superação dos limites biológicos humanos. O problema enfrentado trata de responder os dilemas morais do avanço tecnológico e o redimensionamento da pessoa com deficiência no contexto futurista da hibridização entre homem e máquina. O objetivo consiste em analisar o cenário teórico e prático abordados pela bioética e pelo transhumanismo em relação as pessoas com deficiência. Para tal, adotar-se-á a metodologia de pesquisa sócio-jurídica, de viés qualitativo.
ENSAIO ÉTICO-FILOSÓFICO ACERCA DOS FUNDAMENTOS DA JUSTIÇA RESTAURATIVA
Authors: Pereira De Santana Selma , Vivaldo Santana Fernandes Belmiro
Published: July 2020

O reconhecimento da justiça restaurativa como instituição legítima para proporcionar uma resposta adequada à solução de litígios, especialmente de origem penal, ainda representa muitos desafios, inclusive dentre os seus defensores. No modelo restaurativo uma forma diferenciada de responder ao crime, adotando práticas que reconheçam o caráter interpessoal do conflito, o que ocorrerá através da pacificação social por meio da reparação de danos causados à vítima e da auto responsabilização do agente infrator. Tal propósito apenas poderá ser atingido se for reconhecida a autonomia dos participantes do litígio, superando o papel da vítima como mero objeto de prova e do Estado como o único titular da persecução penal. Neste sentido, faz-se necessário visitar o pensamento de pensadores éticos e jurídicos que compreendam como a cultura e os valores da vulnerabilidade e da alteridade são imprescindíveis para uma mais adequada aplicação da justiça restaurativa como instituto complementar e paralelo da justiça retributiva. O presente artigo utilizou-se do método teórico-descritivo, através de revisão de literatura, com viés essencialmente crítico-filosófico. Por fim, compreendemos que a justiça restaurativa é ferramenta legítima para o enfrentamento dos conflitos penais e assemelhados, visto que a mesma encontra base em diversos modelos crítico filosóficos, que apenas necessitam ser resgatados.
What are you hiding? Initial validation of the reaction time‐based searching concealed information test
Authors: Koller Dave , Hofer Franziska , Grolig Tuule , Ghelfi Signe , Verschuere Bruno
Published: June 2020

The reaction time‐based concealed information test (RT‐CIT) has been used to judge the veracity of an examinees claim to be naïve by using RTs to test for recognition of relevant details. Here, we explore the validity of the RT‐CIT to generate new knowledge about the incident—the searching CIT. In a mock terrorism study (n = 60) the RT‐CIT not only allowed to link suspects to known crime details, but also allowed to reveal new crime details well above chance. A simulation study confirms the potential of the searching RT‐CIT and identifies conditions under which it performs best. We used an archival dataset that met these conditions (high CIT effect, large number of item repetitions), and found better item classification performance than in the mock terrorism study. The searching RT‐CIT could be a new, promising investigative tool to reveal new (e.g., crime) details to the investigative party.
Soil‐nitrogen, potentially mineralizable‐nitrogen, and field condition information marginally improves corn nitrogen management
Authors: Clark Jason D. , Fernández Fabián G. , Veum Kristen S. , Camberato James J. , Carter Paul R. , Ferguson Richard B. , Franzen David W. , Kaiser Daniel E. , Kitchen Newell R. , Laboski Carrie A. M. , Nafziger Emerson D. , Rosen Carl J. , Sawyer John E. , Shanahan John F.
Published: June 2020

Anaerobic potentially mineralizable nitrogen (PMN) combined with preplant nitrate test (PPNT) or pre‐sidedress nitrate test (PSNT) may improve corn (Zea mays L.) N management. Forty‐nine corn N response studies were conducted across the U.S. Midwest to evaluate the capacity of PPNT and PSNT to predict grain yield, N uptake, and economic optimal N rate (EONR) when adjusted by soil sampling depth, soil texture, temperature, PMN, and initial NH4–N from PMN analysis. Pre‐plant soil samples were obtained for PPNT (0‐ to 30‐, 30‐ to 60‐, 60‐ to 90‐cm depths) and PMN (0‐ to 30‐cm depth) before corn planting and N fertilization. In‐season soil samples were obtained at the V5 corn development stage for PSNT (0‐ to 30‐, 30‐ to 60‐cm depths) at 0 kg N ha−1 at‐planting rate and for PMN when 0 and 180 kg N ha−1 was applied at planting. Grain yield, N uptake, and EONR were best predicted when separating soils by texture or sites by annual growing degree‐days and including PMN and initial NH4–N with either NO3–N test. Using PSNT (mean R2 = .30)‐instead of PPNT (mean R2 = .19)‐based models normally increased predictability of corn agronomic variables by a mean of 11%. Including PMN and initial NH4–N with PPNT or PSNT only marginally improved predictability of grain yield, N uptake, and EONR (R2 increase ≤ .33; mean R2 = .35). Therefore, including PMN with PPNT or PSNT is not suggested as a tool to improve N fertilizer management in the U.S. Midwest.
Identification and functional prediction of lncRNAs during cassava post‐harvest physiological deterioration
Authors: Zeng Jian , Wang Cheng , Ding Zehong , Wang Bin , Liu Yujia , Guo Jing , Chen Jie , Wu Chunlai , Tie Weiwei , Yan Yan , Peng Hongyuan , Hu Wei
Published: June 2020

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an important staple food crop in Latin America and Africa. However, after harvest, the tuberous roots undergo rapid post‐harvest physiological deterioration (PPD), a known perishable phenomenon that usually appears within 72 h post‐harvest. Post‐harvest physiological deterioration largely reduces the quality and economic value of cassava tuberous roots, restricting the use of cassava as a raw material in the food industry. To analyze the regulatory roles of long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) during PPD, whole systematic screening of lncRNAs was performed. In this study, 288 differentially expressed lncRNAs were identified from 2,787 high‐confidence lncRNAs during PPD. cis‐Acting analysis revealed 10 interested lncRNA–mRNA pairs, in which the neighboring protein‐coding genes were mainly related to ethylene signaling, calcium sensors, and transcription factors. trans‐Regulatory coexpression network analysis reported that lncRNAs were potentially associated with genes involved in the oxidation‐reduction process. These results present a broad vision of cassava lncRNAs during PPD and provide the potential candidates for genetic engineering to alleviate deterioration of tuberous roots.
Eigenspectra for flocculation quality estimation
Authors: Veenstra Christian N. , Dubash Neville , Webster Scott E. , Brown Wayne A. , Junaid Abu S. M.
Published: June 2020

We present an image analysis algorithm for flocculation quality estimation in high‐solids slurries, and demonstrate its performance using inline process images of oil sands tailings flocculation. While a skilled human operator can often successfully evaluate such images, variations in feed as well as the lack of isolated flocs or spatial reference‐points inherent in a high‐solids slurry can cause conventional image analysis techniques to fail. We overcome these challenges by recasting the images in Fourier space, discarding phase information, and applying an eigenfaces‐inspired image recognition algorithm to the resulting spectra. Each image is represented using a few projection coefficients onto an orthogonal basis and evaluated using likelihood‐based classification schemes. This algorithm shows a high degree of success evaluating the flocculation quality of 129 batch and inline flocculation experiments (5,610 images total) utilizing feed tailings from two different oil sand producers at a variety of feed dilutions and flocculant dosing levels.
Stocking rate impacts on tallgrass prairie landscape carbon fluxes
Authors: Owensby Clenton E. , Auen Lisa M.
Published: June 2020

Carbon sequestration in ecosystems reduces atmospheric CO2, a major forcing factor in global warming. We aimed to determine the ecosystem C balance under heavy and moderate stocking rates or ungrazed (UG) pastures during the first 2 yr of a 3‐yr period and to determine if changing to moderate stocking on a previously heavily stocked pasture would result in compensatory ecosystem C retention. During 2003 and 2004, net ecosystem C exchange (NEEc) was measured with eddy correlation towers on pastures that were UG, stocked at 2 acres per steer until the middle of the grazing season [intensive early stocking (IES)], and season‐long stocking at the high rate of 2 acres per steer (SLS‐H). In 2005, the SLS‐H pasture changed to a season‐long moderate stocking rate of 4 acres per steer (SLS‐H‐M). Net ecosystem C exchange was summed over an entire year from the burn date to the burn date the following year minus the C lost from burning and livestock export to estimate C balance. During the growing season, SLS‐H reduced ecosystem C retention compared with UG and IES in 2003 and 2004 (+223, +212, and –669 lb acre–1 for UG, IES and SLS‐H). In 2005, when the stocking rate on the SLS‐H pasture was changed to SLS‐H‐M, C retention was greater than under UG and IES (+107, +89, and +205 lb acre–1 for UG, IES and SLS‐H‐M). We conclude that following stocking at an abusive rate, there is compensatory C retention resulting from greater nutrient and water availability.
Optimization of the Coagulation–Flocculation Process for Slaughterhouse Wastewater Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Gökçek Öznur Begüm , Özdemir Safiye
Published: June 2020

Slaughterhouse wastewater is one of the main sources of environmental pollutants, containing a high amount of organic matter (chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)), total nitrogen (TN), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), grease, and oil. The main aim of the present research is optimizing the coagulation–flocculation process and examining the effects of experimental factors with each other, for example, pH, the concentration of two different coagulants (FeCl3 and alum), rapid mixing rate, and settling time. Therefore, it is aimed to treat slaughterhouse wastewater using the coagulation–flocculation process with the optimization of the response surface methodology (RSM). COD, turbidity, and suspended solids (SS) of the treated wastewater are chosen as the response variables. Furthermore, the optimal conditions for three responses are acquired by employing the desirability function approach. When the experimental results of two coagulants are compared, it is observed that the alum coagulant gave better results for the three responses. The alum coagulant utilized in the present research is able to increase COD, SS, and turbidity removal efficiency by 75.25%, 90.16%, and 91.18%, respectively. It is possible to optimize coagulation–flocculation by utilizing the RSM analysis, which proves that coagulation can pre‐treat slaughterhouse wastewater.
Joint multilabel classification and feature selection based on deep canonical correlation analysis
Authors: Dai Liang , Du Guodong , Zhang Jia , Li Candong , Wei Rong , Li Shaozi
Published: June 2020

In recent years, multilabel learning has been applied to a lot of application areas and is yet a challenging task. In multilabel learning, an instance often belongs to multiple class labels simultaneously. The labels usually have correlations with others, and mining label correlations is helpful to enhance the multilabel classification performance. Aiming at increasing the accuracy of prediction, Label embedding (LE) is an important technique, and conducive to extracting label information for multilabel learning. In this paper, we present a novel multilabel learning approach via exploiting label correlations, which can be naturally extended to tackle feature selection problem. First, to obtain the discriminative features shared by all labels, the proposed algorithm learns a latent space by employing deep canonical correlation analysis. Then we exploit label correlations by enforcing predictions on similar labels to be similar, thereby improving the prediction performance. Results on several multiple datasets illustrate that the proposed algorithm has the advantages on multilabel classification and feature selection.
A parallel approach for detecting OpenFlow rule anomalies based on a general formalism
Authors: Aryan Ramtin , Yazidi Anis , Kure Øivind , Einar Engelstad Paal
Published: June 2020

As the policies of a software‐defined networking (SDN) network can be updated dynamically and often at a high pace, conflicts between policies can easily occur. Due to the large number of switches and heterogeneous policies within a typical SDN network, detecting those conflicts is a laborious and challenging task. This article presents three main contributions. First, we devise an offline method for detecting unmatched OpenFlow rules, that is, rules that are never fired. In our taxonomy such anomalies can stem from eitherinvalidorirrelevantunmatched rules. Second, we introduce a new set of definitions for the intraanomalies between rules in the same table, which might occur when using themultiactionfeature of an OpenFlow rule. Third, our detection method has been enhanced to support parallel execution, which makes it a viable solution for troubleshooting large‐scale networks. We provide some comprehensive experimental results based on both synthetic and real‐life setup the synthetic set up is designed in such a way that the rule matching takes place in the last rules of the switch and thus putting more stress on the rule detection process. The parallel method is shown to outperform the single‐threaded checking method by order of magnitude up to 21.
A compact four‐element MIMO antenna for WLAN/WiMAX/satellite applications
Authors: Mohammad Saadh A.W. , Khangarot Shashank , Sravan B.V. , Aluru Namratha , Ramaswamy Poonkuzhali , Ali Tanweer , Pai Manohara M.M.
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a four‐element wideband monopole MIMO antenna. Initially, a single‐element wideband CPW‐fed antenna is designed operating in the range of 4.30 to 6.45 GHz. Using this design, an approach towards MIMO structure is studied. A two‐element structure is designed keeping them adjacent to each other, and the isolation between the antennas is observed. After which, a four‐element structure is designed having the best orientation in order to achieve good isolation between the antenna elements. The proposed antenna configuration has four identical CPW‐fed elements. The proposed configuration has a fractional bandwidth of 40.27% and has a simulated peak gain of 5.5 dBi. This antenna is intended to be used for WLAN, WiMAX, and satellite bands of range corresponding to 4.70–6.19, 5.5–5.7, and 5–6 GHz. All the necessary antenna simulations are simulated using Ansys HFSS and verified on NI AWR Design Environment. The fabricated model of the proposed design is measured for its performance parameters and validated.
Lack of conspicuous sex‐biased dispersal patterns at different spatial scales in an Asian endemic goose species breeding in unpredictable steppe wetlands
Authors: Zhu Qin , Damba Iderbat , Zhao Qingshan , Yi Kunpeng , Batbayar Nyambayar , Natsagdorj Tseveenmyadag , Davaasuren Batmunkh , Wang Xin , Rozenfeld Sonia , Moriguchi Sachiko , Zhan Aibin , Cao Lei , Fox Anthony D.
Published: June 2020

Dispersal affects the spatial distribution and population structure of species. Dispersal is often male‐biased in mammals while female‐biased in birds, with the notable exception of the Anatidae. In this study, we tested genetic evidence for sex‐biased dispersal (SBD) in the Swan Goose Anser cygnoides, an Asian endemic and IUCN vulnerable species, which has been increasingly restricted to breeding on Mongolian steppe wetlands. We analyzed the genotypes of 278 Swan Geese samples from 14 locations at 14 microsatellite loci. Results from assignment indices, analysis of molecular variance, and five other population descriptors all failed to support significant SBD signals for the Swan Goose at the landscape level. Although overall results showed significantly high relatedness within colonies (suggesting high levels of philopatry in both sexes), local male genetic structure at the 1,050 km distance indicated greater dispersal distance for females from the eastern sector of the breeding range. Hence, local dispersal is likely scale‐dependent and female‐biased within the eastern breeding range. These findings are intriguing considering the prevailing expectation for there to be female fidelity in most goose species. We suggest that while behavior‐related traits may have facilitated the local genetic structure for the Swan Goose, several extrinsic factors, including the decreasing availability of the nesting sites and the severe fragmentation of breeding habitats, could have contributed to the absence of SBD at the landscape level. The long‐distance molt migration that is typical of goose species such as the Swan Goose may also have hampered our ability to detect SBD. Hence, we urge further genetic sampling from other areas in summer to extend our results, complemented by field observations to confirm our DNA analysis conclusions about sex‐specific dispersal patterns at different spatial scales in this species.
Allelopathy and its coevolutionary implications between native and non‐native neighbors of invasive Cynara cardunculus L.
Authors: Uddin Md. Nazim , Asaeda Takashi , Shampa Shahana H. , Robinson Randall W.
Published: June 2020

Invasive plants apply new selection pressures on neighbor plant species by different means including allelopathy. Recent evidence shows allelopathy functions as remarkably influential mediator for invaders to be successful in their invaded range. However, few studies have determined whether native and non‐native species co‐occurring with invaders have evolved tolerance to allelopathy. In this study, we conducted germination and growth experiments to evaluate whether co‐occurring native Juncus pallidus and non‐native Lolium rigidum species may evolve tolerance to the allelochemicals induced by Cyanara cardunculus in Australian agricultural fields. The test species were germinated and grown in pots filled with collected invaded and uninvaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus with and without activated carbon (AC). Additionally, a separate experiment was done to differentiate the direct effects of AC on the test species. The soil properties showed invaded rhizosphere soils had higher total phenolic and lower pH compared with uninvaded soils. We found significant reduction of germination percentage and seedling growth in terms of above‐ and belowground biomass, and maximum plant height and root length of native in the invaded rhizosphere soil of C. cardunculus, but little effect on non‐native grass species. Even soil manipulated with AC showed no significant differences in the measured parameters of non‐native except aboveground biomass. Taken together, the results indicate allelochemicals induced by C. cardunculus exert more suppressive effects on native than non‐native linking the coevolved tolerance of those.
Genetic differentiation between two varieties ofOreocharis benthamii(Gesneriaceae) in sympatric and allopatric regions
Authors: Fu Qiong , Lu Guo‐Hui , Fu Yu‐Hui , Wang Ying‐Qiang
Published: June 2020

The pattern of genetic differentiation between diverging species receives much attention as one of the key observable features of speciation. It has often been suggested that introgression between closely related species occurs commonly where their distributions overlap, leading to their becoming more morphologically and genetically similar, but there are a few opposite results. However, most of these studies have been carried out with animals and separate species; few have looked at intraspecific cases, especially in plants. Here, we conduct a comparative study on patterns of genetic differentiation among populations of two varieties ofOreocharis benthamiiin allopatry and sympatry based on ISSR data for 754 individuals from 26 populations, in order to understand the processes leading to speciation. Contrary to expectations, the facultative xenogamy (mixed mating) speciesO. benthamiihas a relatively low genetic diversity within populations (H = 0.1014,I = 0.1528) and high genetic differentiation among populations (GST = 0.5867, ФST = 0.659), as is typically found for selfing species. Genetic variance between the two varieties in sympatric populations (44%, ФST = 0.444) is significantly more than that in allopatric populations (14%, ФST = 0.138). Consistent with the taxonomical delimitation of the two varieties, all sampled individuals ofO. benthamiiclustered into two genetic groups. Moreover, the genetic structures of populations of both varieties are correlated with their different geographical origins. Our studies show that significant divergence between sympatric populations of the two varieties could be attributed primarily to reinforcement by genetic divergent selection in sympatry where secondary contact had occurred. The major proportion of the genetic variation in outcrossing and mixed mating plants may exist among populations when the populations are distributed in fragmented habitats, due to the paucity of suitable habitat combined with inefficient seed dispersal mechanism and limited pollinator foraging area that may limit the gene flow.
Examining what factors mediate treatment effect in chronic low back pain: A mediation analysis of a Cognitive Functional Therapy clinical trial
Authors: O’Neill Aoife , O’Sullivan Kieran , O’Sullivan Peter , Purtill Helen , O’Keeffe Mary
Published: June 2020

Background

Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) is a physiotherapist‐led individualized intervention for people with people with non‐specific chronic low back pain (CLBP), involving biopsychosocial pain education, graded movement exposure and lifestyle coaching.

Methods

A multicentre randomized controlled trial (RCT), including 206 participants with CLBP in Ireland, supported CFT’s effectiveness for reducing disability, but not pain, compared to a group exercise and education intervention. In this study, causal mediation analysis was used to determine whether the effect of CFT on disability and the lack of effect on pain (relative to a group exercise and education intervention) is mediated by certain psychological and lifestyle factors. Hypothesized mediators measured were pain self‐efficacy, stress, fear of physical activity, coping, depression, anxiety and sleep, at 6 months. The outcomes measured were functional disability and pain intensity at 12 months.

Results

This causal mediation study shows that the majority of benefit of CFT (relative to a group exercise and education intervention) for disability is due to increasing pain self‐efficacy.

Conclusion

Conclusion: CFT did not improve the majority of the hypothesized mediators (stress, fear of physical activity, coping, depression, anxiety and sleep) and these mediators were not associated with either disability or pain. Unfortunately, the proportion of missing data in this study is substantial and these findings can only be considered hypothesis‐generating. Therefore, future research should examine replicating the results of this study to verify the role of self‐efficacy and other proposed mediators (e.g. stress, coping, sleep, fear) on clinical outcomes.

Significance

An exploration of seven potential mediators was undertaken to determine the effect of Cognitive Functional Therapy (CFT) on disability and pain intensity in individuals with chronic low back pain compared to a group exercise and education intervention.

CFT improved pain self‐efficacy, which was associated with disability and pain outcomes. CFT did not improve the other six potential mediators (stress, fear of physical activity, coping, depression, anxiety and sleep) and these were not associated with disability or pain.

The proportion of missing data in this study is substantial and these findings should be considered hypothesis‐generating only.
Battery pack recycling challenges for the year 2030: Recommended solutions based on intelligent robotics for safe and efficient disassembly, residual energy detection, and secondary utilization
Authors: Zhou Lin , Garg Akhil , Zheng Jun , Gao Liang , Oh Ki‐Yong
Published: June 2020

With the increasing use of batteries, battery recycling would become a considerable problem in the next decade. However, the current recycling technologies are still on the stage of research and development. A significant challenge in the traditional recycling method is that the recovery procedure relies heavily on manual work. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an intelligent, automatic or semi‐automatic framework for rapid disassembly and efficient recovery of retired batteries. In this study, the key research problems during the battery recycling process were identified first. The main recycling process was divided into three parts: automatic disassemble process, residual energy detection, and second utilization as well as chemical recycling. Based on the above research gaps, a qualitative framework of UR5 robots for safe and fast battery recycling, residual energy detection, and secondary utilization of retired batteries was proposed. The framework includes a battery position and shape measurement system based on machine vision, an automatic battery removal system based on UR5 industrial robot, a battery residual energy detection, and classification system. Furthermore, a real case study of battery pack recycling was carried out based on manual work and automatic robot work. The results show that the proposed recycling framework can work efficiently compared with the traditional recycling method. Moreover, the future perspectives of battery recycling are summarized.
Greener pathway toward the synthesis of lichen‐based ZnO@TiO2@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites and investigation of their biological activities
Authors: Abdullah Shorish M. , Kolo Kamal , Sajadi S. Mohammad
Published: June 2020

A green way is introduced to biosynthesis of ZnO@TiO2@SiO2 and Fe3O4@SiO2 nanocomposites using the bioactive potential of Lecanora muralis (LM) lichen. UV‐Vis spectroscopy and GC–Mass analysis of the lichen show the presence of various bioactive constituents inside the lichen aqueous extract. The XRD, SEM, EDS, and elemental mapping techniques revealed the well fabrication of biosynthesized nanostructures. Also, investigation of antibacterial and antifungal activities of nanostructures demonstrated that green synthesized nanostructures have a very good antibacterial ability against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas spp. and Candida spp. pathogenic bacteria, and fungi but no antifungal activity toward the Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terrus fungi species.
Gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide‐induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice
Authors: Li Yuyuan , Long Shangqin , Liu Qiaochu , Ma Hong , Li Jianxin , Xiaoqing Wei , Yuan Jieli , Li Ming , Hou Binbin
Published: June 2020

Constipation is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders accompanied with intestinal dysbiosis. Laxatives for constipation usually have side effects. Bee honey is a natural food with unique composition, antimicrobial properties, and bifidogenic effect. In order to assess whether honey can ameliorate loperamide‐induced constipation in BALB/c mice through the alteration of the gut microbiota, the present study was undertaken. Mice were given Jarrah honey (7.5 g/kg body weight) by gavage once per day for 5 days. Fecal water content, intestinal transit rate together with the colon concentrations of substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine; 5‐HT) were evaluated. Furthermore, we determined the effect of honey treatment on gut microbiota in mice using stool genomic 16S rRNA sequencing. As a result, honey showed an obvious improvement in fecal water content and alleviated constipation by modulating the microbial composition of the microbiota, and this was highly associated with a proportional decrease in gut Desulfovibrio. In addition, we found that the colon level of neurotransmitters SP and VIP was significantly related to microbial variations. Our results indicate that gut microbiota is involved in the alleviation of loperamide‐induced constipation by honey supplementation in mice, and it could be considered as an evaluating parameter in constipation therapy strategies.
Enhancement of CaO‐based sorbent for CO2 capture through doping with seawater
Authors: González Belén , Kokot‐Blamey John , Fennell Paul
Published: June 2020

Limestone can be used to generate a sorbent suitable for CO2 capture via the reversible carbonation of CaO, in a process often referred to as calcium looping. This sorbent loses reactivity to CO2 upon cycles of carbonation and calcination (the reverse of carbonation). Several methods of improving sorbent performance have previously been investigated, including by generating synthetic sorbents or simple doping. Here, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sorbent performance can be enhanced by simple doping with seawater. This effect is consistent across five different limestones investigated and can be enhanced by steam addition. This would be a simple and inexpensive method for improving sorbent performance in calcium looping processes. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Comparison of hydroxide‐based adsorbents of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2 for CO2 capture: utilization of response surface methodology, kinetic, and isotherm modeling
Authors: Ghaemi Ahad , Behroozi Amir Hossein
Published: June 2020

CO2 capture using hydroxide‐based adsorbents is studied experimentally for two adsorbents of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2. The adsorbents are characterized before and after the adsorption process by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses. The experiments were carried out in the ranges of 25–65°C, 2–10 bar, and 0.5–2.5 g for temperature, initial pressure, and weight of adsorbent, respectively. Based on the response surface methodology with a central composite design approach, predicted CO2 adsorption capacities are fitted well with R2 values of 0.981 and 0.929 for Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2, respectively. The Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.985 and 0.994 is the best model for adsorption capacity prediction of Mg(OH)2 and Ca(OH)2, respectively. Also, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model with R2 values more than 0.98 is selected as the best model for both adsorbents. From the thermodynamic parameters, the reactive adsorption process is found to be exothermic and spontaneous. Due to higher adsorption percentage and capacity at the same conditions, Ca(OH)2 is more efficient than Mg(OH)2 for CO2 capture at studied ranges. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Retracted: M2 Macrophage–Derived Exosomes Facilitate HCC Metastasis by Transferring αMβ2 Integrin to Tumor Cells
Authors: Wu Jindao , Gao Wen , Tang Qiyun , Yu Yue , You Wei , Wu Zhengshan , Fan Ye , Zhang Long , Wu Chen , Han Guoyong , Zuo Xueliang , Zhang Yao , Chen Zhiqiang , Ding Wenzhou , Li Xiangcheng , Lin Fengming , Shen Hongbing , Tang Jinhai , Zhang Yaqin , Wang Xuehao
Published: June 2020

Background and Aims

The development and progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is dependent on its local microenvironment. Tumor‐associated macrophages (TAMs) are deemed a key factor for the tumor microenvironment and attribute to contribute to tumor aggressiveness. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the pro‐metastatic effect of TAMs on HCC remains undefined.

Approach and Results

The present study proved that TAMs were enriched in HCC. TAMs were characterized by an M2‐polarized phenotype and accelerated the migratory potential of HCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, we found that M2‐derived exosomes induced TAM‐mediated pro‐migratory activity. With the use of mass spectrometry, we identified that integrin, αMβ2 (CD11b/CD18), was notably specific and efficient in M2 macrophage–derived exosomes (M2 exos). Blocking either CD11b and/or CD18 elicited a significant decrease in M2 exos–mediated HCC cell metastasis. Mechanistically, M2 exos mediated an intercellular transfer of the CD11b/CD18, activating the matrix metalloproteinase‐9 signaling pathway in recipient HCC cells to support tumor migration.

Conclusions

Collectively, the exosome‐mediated transfer of functional CD11b/CD18 protein from TAMs to tumor cells may have the potency to boost the migratory potential of HCC cells, thus providing insights into the mechanism of tumor metastasis.
Bendamustine‐rituximab regimen in untreated indolent marginal zone lymphoma: experience on 65 patients
Authors: Morigi Alice , Argnani Lisa , Lolli Ginevra , Broccoli Alessandro , Pellegrini Cinzia , Nanni Laura , Stefoni Vittorio , Coppola Paolo Elia , Carella Matteo , Casadei Beatrice , Sabattini Elena , Cavo Michele , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: June 2020

First line therapy of patients with marginal zone lymphomas (MZL) is not well established and various regimens with chemo‐immunotherapy can be used. Rituximab plus bendamustine (BR) is an effective and manageable treatment option for patients affected by indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma. The aim of this monocentric retrospective study was to analyze the effectiveness and safety of the use of BR regimen in MZL patients in first line in daily clinical practice. The treatment schedule was rituximab at the dose of 375 mg/m2 on day 1 of each cycle and bendamustine at the dose of 90 mg/m2 on day 2 and 3, every 28 days for a maximum of 6 cycles. We analyzed 65 MZL patients (28 extranodal [EMZL], 23 splenic [SMZL], and 14 nodal [NMZL]) who underwent BR regimen as first line treatment. The median time from diagnosis to therapy was 2.5 months. Final responses were: 38 complete response (CR, 58.5%), 20 partial response and 7 progressive disease, leading to an overall response rate (ORR) of 89.2%. With respect to the histology, the ORR was 89.3% for EMZL, 82.6% for SMZL and 100% for NMZL, respectively (difference not statistically significant). With a median follow‐up time of 44.6 months (range, 3.3‐175.0 months), 2 (one EMZL after 42 months and one SMZL after 10 months) of 38 (5.2%) CR patients had disease relapse, yielding an estimated disease free survival of 89.2% at 61.1 months. The estimated 6‐year progression free survival was 71.8% with 15 relapsed/progressed patients showing lymphoma recurrence within 48 months from end of treatment. The most frequently reported adverse events (any grade) were neutropenia (N = 35, 53.8%), fatigue (N = 15, 23.0%), and nausea (N = 12, 18.4%). All toxicities quickly resolved and no treatment‐related death occurred. The BR regimen is effective and feasible in MZL patients inducing prolonged disease control with manageable toxicities.
“It’s about getting the best bang for your buck”: Exploring local councils’ perceptions about providing exercise infrastructure in public parks
Authors: Scott Taryn , Lole Lisa , Oorloff Anthea , Aprile Kerry
Published: June 2020

Issue addressed

Growing evidence suggests that public parks enable physically active communities; however, little is known of the impact of council‐provided exercise facilities in outdoor green spaces, and the challenges of providing this infrastructure at a local level. This paper sought to describe some of the factors, as perceived by local government area (LGA) council representatives within Queensland, Australia, that influence community use of, as well as council provision for, weight‐bearing outdoor fitness station infrastructure in public parks.

Methods

A nested mixed‐methods study was employed, comprised of a survey sent to council representatives for all 78 Queensland LGAs (Stage 1), and follow‐up interviews to elicit further insights into the provision of infrastructure in public parks (Stage 2; n = 7). Perceptions around participants’ corporate role in the provision of outdoor fitness stations were the focus of analyses.

Findings

A thematic analysis described themes of: Moderating public attitudes and motivation; The flow of information; Supporting an active community; Return on investment; and Safety, complianceand climate. Provision of equipment was influenced by the perception that it represented poor value for money, in terms of the desired outcome of increased physical activity, especially when compared with other types of infrastructure (particularly, walking trails); however, opinions about this lack of use outdoor exercise equipment were most often based on anecdotal evidence.

Conclusions

Councils are motivated to support active communities. They would benefit from better access to information about park usage, strategies for marketing healthy living initiatives and data about the economic benefits of parks.

So what?

The current study explores the perspectives of LGA professional “gatekeepers,” who develop and maintain public physical activity facilities. Their insights are essential to better understand the practicalities of delivering desirable urban green spaces for physically active communities.
Statistical analysis of stagnation‐point heat flow in Williamson fluid with viscous dissipation and exponential heat source effects
Authors: Mahanthesh Basavarajappa , Mackolil Joby , Shehzad Sabir Ali
Published: June 2020

This analysis explores the effect of the novel exponential space‐dependent heat generation factor on the stagnation‐point Williamson fluid flow over a stretchable surface. The heat transport phenomenon is carried out by the addition of viscous and Ohmic dissipations. Similarity transformations are applied to the nonlinear system of partial differential expressions that arise by the flow. The nonlinear ordinary differential system hence obtained is solved to visualize the role of different constraints graphically. Statistical methods such as correlation, probable error, and regression are utilized. The probable error is evaluated to calculate the reliability of the computed correlation factors. The study reveals that the velocity phenomenon is reduced by incrementing the Weissenberg parameter. The velocity of the hydromagnetic liquid is lesser than the velocity of magnetohydrodynamic fluid flow. Also, the higher heat generation factor gives a boost to the temperature of the flowing material.
Impact of COVID‐19 on Brazilian medical residencies in obstetrics and gynecology
Authors: Brito Luiz G.O. , Romão Gustavo S. , Fernandes Cesar E. , Silva‐Filho Agnaldo L.
Published: June 2020

According to program directors, the COVID‐19 pandemic in Brazil has resulted in a lack of protection and salary payment for one third of OBGYN postgraduate residents, as well as a lack of adequate training.
The effect of prenatal adversity on externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a high‐risk sample: Maternal sensitivity as a moderator
Authors: Schuetze Pamela , Molnar Danielle , Eiden Rina D. , Shisler Shannon , Zhao Junru , Colder Craig R. , Huestis Marilyn A.
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the moderating role of maternal sensitivity on the association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors at 24 months of age in a diverse, high‐risk sample. We hypothesized that among children with higher prenatal adversity, high maternal sensitivity would serve as a protective factor. Participants were 247 primarily low‐income, diverse dyads. Results indicated a significant interaction effect of maternal sensitivity and prenatal adversity on externalizing problems. The association between prenatal adversity and externalizing behaviors was significant only among children who experienced low prenatal adversity, with higher maternal sensitivity associated with lower externalizing behaviors. These findings indicate that, in the absence of high prenatal risk, responsive and sensitive parenting can buffer children in an otherwise high‐risk sample from the development of externalizing behaviors.
Heat inactivation of serum interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Hu Xiumei , An Taixue , Situ Bo , Hu Yuhai , Ou Zihao , Li Qiang , He Xiaojing , Zhang Ye , Tian Peifu , Sun Dehua , Rui Yongyu , Wang Qian , Ding Dan , Zheng Lei
Published: June 2020

Background

The detection of serum antibodies to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is emerging as a new tool for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) diagnosis. Since many coronaviruses are sensitive to heat, heating inactivation of samples at 56°C prior to testing is considered a possible method to reduce the risk of transmission, but the effect of heating on the measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies is still unclear.

Methods

By comparing the levels of SARS‐CoV‐2 antibodies before and after heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes using a quantitative fluorescence immunochromatographic assay

Results

We showed that heat inactivation significantly interferes with the levels of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The IgM levels of all the 34 serum samples (100%) from COVID‐19 patients decreased by an average level of 53.56%. The IgG levels were decreased in 22 of 34 samples (64.71%) by an average level of 49.54%. Similar changes can also be observed in the non–COVID‐19 disease group (n = 9). Of note, 44.12% of the detected IgM levels were dropped below the cutoff value after heating, suggesting heat inactivation can lead to false‐negative results of these samples.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that heat inactivation of serum at 56°C for 30 minutes interferes with the immunoanalysis of antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. Heat inactivation prior to immunoanalysis is not recommended, and the possibility of false‐negative results should be considered if the sample was pre‐inactivated by heating.