bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’industrie pharmaceutique protégée des rigueurs de l’Ondam
Authors: Bras Pierre-Louis
Published: April 2022

Les dépenses de médicament ont stagné pendant la décennie 2010, elles ont ainsi largement contribué à la modération de l’évolution des dépenses de santé et au respect de l’Ondam. Les pouvoirs publics relativement impuissants à infléchir les déterminants structurels de l’évolution des volumes de médicaments consommés ont obtenu ce résultat par une politique vigoureuse de diminution des prix. Pour autant, les prix pratiqués en France, s’ils sont très inférieurs à ceux pratiqués aux États-Unis, restent globalement similaires à ceux de pays européens comparables. Le recours à cette politique de baisse des prix s’explique aisément, elle n’expose pas à des risques politiques ou sanitaires. L’industrie pharmaceutique a toutefois obtenu, en fin de période, une inflexion de cette politique au motif, très discutable, qu’elle aurait contribué à affaiblir les activités de production et de R&D pharmaceutiques sur le territoire français. Cette inflexion se manifeste par un engagement des pouvoirs public à garantir une évolution du chiffre d’affaires de l’industrie pharmaceutique à hauteur d’au moins 2 ,4 % par an. D’où une interrogation : si le médicament contribue moins à la maîtrise des dépenses, quel est le domaine sur lequel l’effort sera reporté ?
Dynamiques artistique et « politique de cohésion » européenne : opportunités et limites d’un cadre d’intervention à l’échelle régionale
Authors: Bouquerel Fanny
Published: April 2022

Résumé La « politique de cohésion » dédiée au développement harmonieux de l’Union européenne offre aussi des opportunités financières conséquentes pour le secteur culturel. À travers le cas de la région Sicile, cet article étudie la manière dont l’ensemble des acteurs culturels opérant dans cette région interprète cette politique et les effets de sa mise en œuvre. Il questionne notamment les raisons qui n’ont pas permis le développement d’une scène artistique et culturelle dynamique sur ce territoire en analysant les temporalités puis le cadre normatif qui gouverne la sélection et l’évaluation des projets.
Strengthening DNP Business Acumen: An Educational Intervention
Authors: Ko Arthur , Burson Rosanne , Turner Jill A.
Published: April 2022

Background:

As reflected in the literature, business acumen for Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) students is lacking. Foundational business concepts and applications in the curriculum necessitate the understanding of core business requirements in health care applicable toward DNP leadership roles.

Method:

Course pedagogy used evidence-based materials as well as activities that included the development of business innovation proposals, stakeholder presentations, and business plans, as well as practicum hours.

Results:

Successful course delivery increased DNP students' knowledge and skills related to business acumen. In addition, students fully grasped the need to sustain and have fully developed scholarly projects that consider the clinical and financial aspects of health care.

Conclusion:

Development of a business course strengthens the needed skills and acumen toward quality and financial performance critical in the DNP leadership role as well as in contributing toward institutions' growth.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2021;61(4):201–204.]
Innovative Management of Nursing Student COVID-19 Cases and High-Risk Exposures
Authors: Gedney-Lose Amalia , Daack-Hirsch Sandra , Nicholson Anita
Published: April 2022

Background:

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic created significant disruption in higher education, especially in health science colleges where in-person and hands-on patient-facing learning environments are essential. Student monitoring and follow-up was an essential aspect of in-person learning for the fall 2020 semester.

Method:

Senior leaders and faculty in a college of nursing developed and implemented an innovative college-based COVID-19 management system to ensure real-time response to prolonged pandemic-related student absences.

Results:

Decisions made from this management system allowed leaders within the college to implement programmatic changes to ensure student and faculty well-being. Furthermore, the COVID-19 management system allowed for close student follow-up through phone calls with a faculty member to ensure student well-being.

Conclusion:

Monitoring helped ensure appropriate physical and mental health services were accessible to students undergoing quarantine or self-isolation while also fostering positive student satisfaction throughout their prolonged absences.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2022;61(4):217–220.]
Well-posedness for a coupled system of Kawahara/KdV type equations with polynomials nonlinearities
Authors: Kondo Cezar , Pes Ronaldo
Published: April 2022

We consider the initial value problem (IVP) associated to a coupled system of modified Kawahara/KdV type equations with polynomials nonlinearities. For the model in question, the Cauchy problem is of interest, and is shown to be well-posed for given data in a Gevrey spaces. Our results make use of techniques presented in Grujić and Kalisch, who studied the Gevrey regularity for a class of water-wave models and the well-posedness of a IVP associated to a general equation. The proof relies on estimates in space-time norms adapted to the linear part of the equations. In particular, estimates in Bourgain spaces are proven for the linear and nonlinear terms of the system and the main result is obtained by a contraction principle. The class of system in view generalizes the system of modified Kawahara/KdV type equations studied by Kondo and Pes, which contains a number of systems arising in the modeling of waves in fluids, stability and instability of solitary waves and models for wave propagation in physical systems where both nonlinear and dispersive effects are important.
Exact solution and instability for geophysical edge waves
Authors: Miao Fahe , Fečkan Michal , Wang Jinrong
Published: April 2022

We present an exact solution to the nonlinear governing equations in the \begin{document}$ \beta $\end{document}-plane approximation for geophysical edge waves at an arbitrary latitude. Such an exact solution is derived in the Lagrange framework, which describes trapped waves propagating eastward or westward along a sloping beach with a shoreline parallel to the latitude line. Using the short-wavelength instability method, we establish a criterion for the instability of such waves.
Further studies on ordinary differential equations involving the $ M $-fractional derivative
Authors: Khoshkenar A. , Ilie M. , Hosseini K. , Baleanu D. , Salahshour S. , Park C. , Lee J. R.
Published: April 2022

In the current paper, the power series based on the $ M $-fractional derivative is formally introduced. More peciesely, the Taylor and Maclaurin expansions are generalized for fractional-order differentiable functions in accordance with the $ M $-fractional derivative. Some new definitions, theorems, and corollaries regarding the power series in the $ M $ sense are presented and formally proved. Several ordinary differential equations (ODEs) involving the $ M $-fractional derivative are solved to examine the validity of the results presented in the current study.
Biens précieux et biens exceptionnels dans la Préhistoire récente de l’Europe. Le système du dépôt et de la tombe élitaire et la naissance de l’Europe barbare
Authors: Jeunesse Christian
Published: April 2022

Les spécialistes des âges du Bronze et du Fer ont montré l’existence, pour leur période, d’une relation dialectique entre les dépôts et les mobiliers funéraires des tombes élitaires. Les travaux récents suggèrent que cette relation, mais aussi les réalités sociales qu’elle reflète existaient probablement dès le Néolithique et le Chalcolithique. Les sépultures concernées appartiennent à deux catégories distinctes : les tombes de chefs locaux, comme les porteurs de hache de combat néolithiques ou les porteurs d’épée du Bronze moyen ou du Hallstatt C (T2) et les tombes « royales », comme la tombe chalcolithique de Maikop ou les Fürstengräber hallstattiennes (T1). À ces deux catégories de tombes correspondent deux catégories de dépôts, D1 et D2. Les tombes T1 et les dépôts D1 sont reliées par la présence de biens exceptionnels assimilables à des sacra. L’hypothèse défendue dans cet article est que la configuration formée par les deux couples D1-T1 et D2-T2 ainsi que la relation dialectique entre tombe et dépôts sont déjà présentes au Néolithique (tombes carnacéennes et dépôts de haches alpines) et au Chalcolithique.Il existe donc un véritable système de la tombe élitaire et du dépôt qui apparaît dès la fin du VIe millénaire et se maintient, par la suite, dans les sociétés non-littéraires et non-chrétiennes des confins septentrionaux et orientaux de l’Europe, jusqu’à la fin du Ier millénaire ap. J.-C. Ce système figure parmi les caractéristiques archéologiquement visibles de l’Europe « barbare » telle que la décrivent les textes antiques et médiévaux. Après avoir été en concurrence avec d’autres systèmes au Néolithique, il s’est imposé sur l’ensemble du territoire européen dans le courant du IIIe millénaire. Structurant les relations sociales et le rapport entre le politique et le sacré, il est notamment à l’origine des cycles socio-politiques qui ont, tout au long de la période concernée, des steppes eurasiennes à la façade atlantique, généré l’apparition puis le déclin rapide de sociétés royales proto-étatiques. Les exemples des dépôts danubiens et des tombes carnacéennes nous montrent que son apparition n’est en rien liée aux grandes innovations techniques des Ve et du IVe millénaires. Pour ce qui concerne la métallurgie, par exemple, le schéma inverse paraît plus réaliste : c’est l’existence de sociétés inégalitaires structurées par l’émulation entre élites qui est à l’origine des progrès techniques les plus spectaculaires. La « matrice » anthropologique que constitue la configuration tombes élitaires – dépôts est une des clés de compréhension de la Préhistoire récente européenne, dont elle met en lumière la profonde homogénéité.
De l’ancienneté du « Christ », dans la vallée des Merveilles
Authors: Mourey Jules Masson
Published: April 2022

La région du mont Bego constitue la première concentration de gravures rupestres préhistoriques des Alpes occidentales. Au sein d’un corpus riche de plusieurs dizaines de milliers de motifs piquetés, rapportés au Néolithique et à l’âge du Bronze, certaines images anthropomorphes se distinguent par leur complexité et leurs dimensions importantes. De ce fait, elles constituent la clé de voûte de la plupart des propositions d’interprétation du site. La figure dite du « Christ » appartient à cette catégorie mais présente des caractéristiques technologiques et iconographiques qui interrogent sur son ancienneté véritable. Différents arguments, issus de l’analyse approfondie du piquetage et des comparaisons avec des représentations anthropomorphes provenant d’horizons plus récents, plaident en faveur d’une attribution chronologique de ce célèbre visage à l’âge du Fer ou aux périodes historiques. En filigrane, est abordée la question de la continuité et des dynamiques de gravure sur des roches en perpétuelle mutation.
Developing Ethical Future Managers Embracing Sustainability
Authors: Andrási Gábor , Körtvési Dorina , Szegedi Krisztina
Published: April 2022

The paper describes and evaluates how a higher education institution (Budapest Business School - BBS), aspiring for AACSB accreditation, co-created innovative tools, based on the UN's Sustainable Development Goals and the principles of sustainable development. The paper has two interrelated objectives: to present what sort of innovative, web-based tools can be used to promote sustainable practices at higher education institutions, and to highlight how such practices support institutional development processes in the context of candidacy for AACSB accreditation. Based on the academic literature on ethics and sustainability education, the respective accreditation standards and internal sources (databases and feedback from participants of events using the educational tools), these innovative tools were found useful for higher education institutions aspiring for AACSB accreditation in ensuring that their governance, faculty, staff and students not only understand sustainability, but also have the capacity to act sustainably and promote sustainable practices.
A Modified-Range Directional Measure for Assessing the Sustainability of Suppliers by DEA/UTASTAR
Authors: Izadikhah Mohammad , Saen Reza Farzipoor , Ehsanifar Mohammad
Published: April 2022

Sustainability in the supply chain means considering environmental, social, and economic practices. Conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) models deal with desirable, discretionary, and nonnegative data. However, there might be undesirable outputs, nondiscretionary factors, and negative data. On the other hand, some criteria can be considered as outputs and inputs. These factors are named as the dual-role criteria. The objective of this paper is to develop a non-radial DEA model for dealing with negative data in the presence of undesirable, non-discretionary, and dual-role factors in weight restrictions context. The ordinal regression method, UTASTAR, is performed to define priorities in terms of criteria. The capabilities of the proposed method are compared with other methods. A case study is presented in which the best sustainable suppliers of SAPCO are selected. To check the importance of dual-role variables, two extra cases are considered.
Dono, commercio, esproprio di organi
Authors: Rodriguez Daniele
Published: April 2022

Nell'articolo sono sviluppati alcuni aspetti problematici connessi alle procedure relative all'accertamento della morte finalizzato al prelievo d'organi per trapianto. In tema di commercio d'organi, sono citati i riferimenti normativi del caso. Si ipotizza che la scarsa propensione alla donazione da parte dei parenti del morto scaturisca dall'interrogativo se il soggetto sia realmente morto. La questione è analizzata nelle sue varie articolazioni. Si dimostra che, in fatto di congruità dell'accertamento della realtà della morte, il probabile donatore è garantito più degli altri soggetti non destinati al prelievo. Si illustrano gli atti che, considerati nel loro insieme, realizzano una sorta di tripode garantista di cui l'accertamento è il momento prioritario, e la certificazione e l'informazione sono i necessari corollari. E' individuato nel medico legale, facente parte del collegio medico chiamato a diagnosticare la realtà della morte, la figura del garante della correttezza delle procedure.
El panorama etico y humano de la medicina en Mexico
Authors: Kuthy Porter José , De la Escosura Gabriel
Published: April 2022

Analizzare la situazione dell'etica medica in Messico aiuta a comprendere la problematica dei paesi in via di sviluppo. Si sente anche in essi il pericolo dell' "utilitarismo economico" in medicina, e la "disumanizzazione" della pratica medica. Non mancano in Messico leggi e disposizioni che mirano a regolare la pratica medica nelle diverse aree. Ma si riscontrano problemi che meritano attenta riflessione: inadeguata distribuzione delle risorse per l'investigazione, sterilizzazione di massa senza il consenso informato, come metodo di controllo delle nascite, incertezze in molti medici nel modo di trattare il paziente terminale dovute a numerosi tabù sulla morte, insufficiente distribuzione delle risorse necessarie per i trapianti di organi, programmi di prevenzione contro l'AIDS puntati esclusivamente sulla promozione dell'uso del condom, ecc. Occorre dunque una seria formazione etica e umanistica dei medici. D'altra parte però sono pochissime le facoltà mediche del paese che includono l'etica nei loro programmi di insegnamento. E' urgente riempire questa lacuna.
Table of Contents Vol 26 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Table of Contents Vol 77, No 4 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Table of Contents Vol 5, No 1 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Table of Contents Vol 63, No 1 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Table of Contents Vol 88, No 1 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract is available.
Table of Contents Vol 52, No 1 (2021)
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: April 2022

No abstract available.
Electrocardiographic abnormalities in prevalent infections in tropical regions
Authors: Jesrani Gautam , Gupta Samiksha , Gaba Saurabh , Gupta Monica
Published: April 2022

Cardiovascular manifestations and electrocardiographic abnormalities have been reported among some prevalent infections in tropical regions, which lead to a great amount of morbidity and mortality. The major infectious diseases include chikungunya, dengue fever, H1N1 influenza, and coronavirus disease-19 (COVID- 19) in the viral category, leptospirosis, salmonellosis, scrub typhus and tuberculosis in the bacterial category, and malaria in the protozoan parasite category. All these infirmities constitute a foremost infection burden worldwide and have been linked to the various cardiac rhythm aberrancies. So we aimed to identify and compile different studies on these infections and associated acute electrocardiographic (ECG) changes. The search was made in online international libraries like PubMed, Google Scholar, and EMBASE, and 38 most relevant articles, including original research, systematic reviews, and unique case reports were selected. All of them were evaluated thoroughly and information regarding ECG was collected. Myocarditis is the predominant underlying pathology for rhythm disturbance and can be affected either due to the direct pathogenic effect or the abnormal immune system activation. ECG variabilities in some infections like chikungunya, scrub typhus, and leptospirosis are associated with longer hospital stay and poor outcome. Tropical infective diseases are associated with prominent acute cardiac rhythm abnormalities due to myocarditis, which can be identified preliminarily by ECG changes.
Sleep Architecture in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Boini Srikanth Yadav , Mahale Rohan , Donaparthi Seshagiri , Kamble Nitish , Holla Vikram V , Pal Pramod Kumar , Kutty Bindu , Yadav Ravi
Published: April 2022

Background:

Sleep disturbances have been reported to occur in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The anatomical regions affected in PSP and those regulating sleep and wake cycle like dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), and pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) overlap. There is a paucity of polysomnographic studies in PSP and they have shown altered sleep architecture.

Objective:

To study the sleep architecture in patients with PSP using video-polysomnography (vPSG) and correlate it with the disease severity and duration.

Methods:

This was a prospective, cross-sectional, case-control, single-center study. A total of 22 patients with PSP and 15 age and gender-matched controls were recruited. The cases and controls underwent clinical assessment, face-to-face interviews with sleep questionnaires, anxiety and depression scales, and one overnight vPSG. The sleep architecture was analyzed in detail.

Results:

The sleep architecture was altered as compared to the controls. The total sleep time, stage N2 duration, stage N3 duration, rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep duration, sleep efficiency %, and N2%, N3%, and REM% were significantly lesser in PSP patients. The wake duration, wake after sleep onset (WASO) duration, wake%, WASO%, stage N1 duration was significantly greater in PSP patients. The stage N2 and N3 latencies were significantly prolonged in patients. REM sleep without atonia was noted in four patients and no patients had vPSG proven REM sleep behavior disorder.

Conclusions:

Sleep architecture is altered in PSP even during the early stages of the disease. There is reduced total sleep including both non-REM and REM sleep, sleep efficiency, prolonged sleep latencies, and increased wake duration. This correlates with the neurodegenerative processes affecting the anatomical region regulating the sleep/wake cycle like dorsal raphe nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN).
Deficits in Emotion Perception and Cognition in Patients with Parkinson's Disease
Authors: Gothwal Mohit , Arumugham Shyam Sundar , Yadav Ravi , Pal Pramod K. , Hegde Shantala
Published: April 2022

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are common among Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and have a significant impact on quality of life. NMS such as deficits in emotion perception are gaining due focus in the recent times. As emotion perception and cognitive functions share certain common neural substrates, it becomes pertinent to evaluate existing emotion perception deficits in view of underlying cognitive deficits. The current systematic review aimed at examining studies on emotion perception PD in the last decade. We carried out a systematic review of 44 studies from the PubMed database. We reviewed studies examining emotion perception and associated cognitive deficits, especially executive function and visuospatial function in PD. This review also examines how early and advanced PD differ in emotion perception deficits and how the presence of common neuropsychiatric conditions such as anxiety, apathy, and depression as well as neurosurgical procedure such as deep brain stimulation affect emotion perception. The need for future research employing a comprehensive evaluation of neurocognitive functions and emotion perception is underscored as it has a significant bearing on planning holistic intervention strategies.
Spinocerebellar Ataxia 12 Patients have better Quality of Life than Spinocerebellar Ataxia 1 and 2
Authors: Dabla Surekha , Garg Divyani , Aggarwal Rajeev , Kumar Nand , Faruq Mohammad , Rajan Roopa , Shukla Garima , Goyal Vinay , Pandey Ravindra Mohan , Srivastava Achal Kumar , Dabla Surekha , Garg Divyani , Shukla Garima
Published: April 2022

Background:

Spinocerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disease. Information on comparative assessment of quality of life (QoL) among SCAs, particularly SCA 12, is scarce. We aimed to compare health-related QoL in SCA 1, 2 and 12.

Methods:

We conducted a cross-sectional study among individuals with genetically-confirmed SCAs. Ataxia severity was assessed using Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS), independence in activities of daily living (ADL) using Katz index (Katz ADL) and depression using Beck's Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). QoL was assessed via Short Form Health Survey version 2.0 (SF-36).

Results:

We enrolled 89 individuals (SCA1 = 17, SCA2 = 43, SCA12 = 29; 56% males). Mean age at onset (41.0 ± 11.6 for SCA12 versus 24.9 + 7.0 for SCA1 and 28.8 ± 9.8 years for SCA2) was significantly higher among SCA12. SCA12 had lower BARS (mean score 4.1 ± 4.5 versus 10.6 ± 4.6 for SCA1 and 12.5 ± 4.5 for SCA2). SCA12 scored better on all SF-36 subdomains including Physical (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) scores. PCS score amongst SCA12 was 44.4 ± 9.0 versus 30.4 ± 9.1 for SCA1 and 33.3 ± 8.9 for SCA2. MCS score for SCA12 was 51.4 ± 11.4 versus 41.8 ± 11.5 for SCA1 and 41.8 ± 11.2 for SCA2. SCA12 had lower mean BDI scores (5.0 ± 6.0) versus SCA1 (9.5 ± 11.6) and SCA2 (10.9 ± 10.3). BARS and BDI emerged as significant predictors of most SF-36 subdomains.

Conclusions:

Our study suggests that despite older age and comparable disease duration, SCA12 patients experience better QoL, less severe depression and ataxia versus SCA1 and SCA2. Severity of ataxia and depression are significant predictors of QoL among the three SCA types.
Neurology Exit Examination System in India
Authors: Sarma GRK , John Saji K. , Mathew Thomas , Aiyagari Venkatesh , Nair Sivaraman , Parry Gareth J. , Khadilkar Satish , Satishchandra Parthasarathy
Published: April 2022

Background:

The traditional Neurology exit examination in India has remained unchanged over the last few decades. In developed countries, objective evaluation methods have replaced the traditional ones. A need for such methods has not been explored in India.

Objective:

We aimed to study the perceptions and key recommendations of Neurology examiners on the existing examination pattern.

Material and Methods:

We conducted an online survey of examiners perceptions and recommendations using a set of 10 multiple-choice questions and an open-ended question.

Results:

46 examiners provided completed responses suitable for analysis. Nearly equal proportions (30%) of the examiners had 10 years, 10–25 years and >25 years’ experience. 92% were not satisfied with current system, 95% did not find adequate time for correction of theory scripts, 90% felt that theory questions were random, and 95% had legibility issues. 84% felt that the practical exams do not test true learning, 98% felt the examination stress impairs the performance and 85% felt that there are no objective criteria to pass the candidate. 83% felt the current system-needed changes. The key suggestions provided by the examiners to improve the system included objective assessments like MCQ, OSCE, OSLER and DOPS, inclusion of larger number of short answer type questions and periodic internal assessments of the candidates.

Conclusions:

A vast majority of examiners favoured changes to the current examination system and provided key recommendations. A larger study is needed to extrapolate these findings to the rest of India.
Romiplostim – A narrative drug review
Authors: Gupta Anuj , Kapoor Akhil , Choudhary Amit , Kumar Sujeet , Mishra Bal Krishna
Published: April 2022

Chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia (CIT) is a challenging condition that is routinely encountered in oncology practice. Currently, the sole therapeutic modality for CIT is the transfusion of platelets, especially when the platelet count is less than 20,000 per microliter. Chemotherapy dose reductions and dose delays result, which may lead to compromised outcomes. Drugs like oprelvekin and avatrombopag have been tried for CIT, but are not in routine use due to severe adverse effects. Romiplostim and eltrombopag are thrombopoietin receptor agonists that have been successfully used in benign conditions like idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), but are not approved for use in CIT. We searched PubMed for studies published in the last 5 years (2017–2021), using the key words “romiplostim,” “cancer,” and “malignancy”. We excluded articles that were related to benign causes of thrombocytopenia, articles for which the full text was not available, non-human studies, and articles in a language other than English. A total of 34 articles were included. In this narrative drug review, we have focused on romiplostim and the evidence supporting its use in both solid and hematologic malignancies.
Impact of demographic factors on delayed presentation of oral cancers
Authors: Singla Anshul , Goel Alok K. , Oberoi Simmi , Jain Shivani , Singh Deepak , Kapoor Rakesh
Published: April 2022

Background:

Oral cancer is a major health issue in India. The majority of patients with oral cancer present at an advanced stage.

Objectives:

We aimed to understand the factors responsible for delay in presentation of patients with oral cancer in rural areas.

Materials and Methods:

This questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study on patients with oral cancer was conducted in the head and neck surgical outpatient department of our tertiary care center at Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital, Sangrur, between June and September 2021. A questionnaire consisting of 31 multiple choice questions was administered to consenting patients. The demographic and socio-economic profile of the patients, their knowledge of risk factors, and their symptomatology, attitude towards cancer management, access to cancer care, and knowledge about cancer treatment and its outcomes were assessed.

Results:

A total of 200 patients were included; 70% were men. About 60% of the participants had to travel more than 100 km to reach our center. About 50% of the patients were addicted to tobacco in some form. Only 30% of the participants were aware of the risk factors for oral cancer. The median time between symptom onset and seeking any medical consultation was 120 days, whereas the median time between symptom onset and cancer diagnosis was 165 days. About 75% of patients initially consulted an alternative medicine practitioner, and 90% took some form of alternative treatment before consulting a cancer specialist. Around 80% considered alternative medicines to be an effective form of cancer treatment.

Conclusion:

Our study shows a gross lack of awareness and multiple misconceptions that prevail in the rural population. Increasing public awareness, training primary healthcare workers to pick up on early signs of oral cancer, promoting tobacco cessation activities, and teaching oral self-examination and its importance to people can help tackle the problem of delayed presentation of oral cancers.
Hyperbolic Coxeter groups of minimal growth rates in higher dimensions
Authors: Bredon Naomi
Published: April 2022

The cusped hyperbolic n-orbifolds of minimal volume are well known for
$n\leq 9$
. Their fundamental groups are related to the Coxeter n-simplex groups
$\Gamma _{n}$
. In this work, we prove that
$\Gamma _{n}$
has minimal growth rate among all non-cocompact Coxeter groups of finite covolume in
$\textrm{Isom}\mathbb H^{n}$
. In this way, we extend previous results of Floyd for
$n=2$
and of Kellerhals for
$n=3$
, respectively. Our proof is a generalization of the methods developed together with Kellerhals for the cocompact case.
Un palliatif en vers. L’Épître au docteur Alfred G*** sur l’espérance, considérée dans l’exercice de la médecine (1811) de Jean-Marie Caillau (1765-1820)
Authors: Prot Bénédicte
Published: April 2022

A Poetic Palliative. The Épître au docteur Alfred G*** sur l’espérance, considérée dans l’exercice de la médecine (1811), by Jean-Marie Caillau (1765-1820) In 1811, the poetic academy of Toulouse awarded an epistle about hope in medical practice, by Jean-Marie Caillau, a now unknown physician who combined medicine and writing. This article provides contextualizing and close reading. It presents Caillau’s works and reputation, and highlights how he defined himself as a doctor-writer. Then it focuses on the didactic epistle, in which hope is regarded as a moral palliative, or a soothing and comforting illusion that the empathetic clinician prescribes to incurable, moribund and suffering people. The study of the text reveals the significant use of the peritext, the strong connection between medical discourse and poetical devices, and the praise of an eloquent physician at the patient’s bedside. By correlating hope and eloquence, Caillau embodies and promotes the dual figure of the doctorpoet. This article thus explores the fruitful and sometimes challenging interplay between medicine and poetry during the early 19th century.
Retailers’ Outlook on Men’s Deodorant Products in Virudhunagar District
Authors: Vasantham Dr.S.Tephillah , Balan M.Kaushik
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to know about the Retailers’ outlook towards various brands of deodorants. The objective of the paper is to study the factors influencing the preference of deodorant products in retailers. For this study, 85 retailers were considered as sample. The data is collected using a structured questionnaire. They were enquired about the fast-moving deodorant, awareness and preferences of deodorant products. For the analysis purpose, statistical tools and techniques like Chi-Square and Weighted Average are used. Many retailers were aware of deodorant products. This Summer paper lays emphasis on the retailer’s opinion on various brands of Men’s Deodorant. A Total sample of 85 is taken for study. The data has been collected using structured questionnaire from the retailers by meeting from the retailers by meeting them in person. The various factors influencing the brand preference has been identified. Statistical software SPSS was used to carry out data analysis and statistical test like Chi-Square and weighted average was used in this study.
Urban Floods and Suitability Analysis of Rainwater Harvesting Potential Areas in Lahore City, Pakistan
Authors: Zia Sahar , Shirazi Safdar Ali , Minallah Muhammad Nasar-u- , Batool Madiha
Published: April 2022

There is a growing threat of urban flooding, particularly in Pakistan that needs attention and requireseffective management strategies. The chief trigger for urban flooding is the rapid and unplanned urbanization in areaswhere impermeable surface inhibits rainwater diffusion and changes the natural water flow. In many developedcountries, a technique of rainwater harvesting is implemented as a sustainable strategy to manage urban stormwater.Most studies and projects chiefly focused on the potential use of the Rainwater harvesting technique for waterconservation in arid and semi-arid climates. In the present work, GIS and remote sensing methodologies are utilized forthe suitability of rainwater harvesting structures. This study was conducted in Lahore, the second most populated cityof Pakistan and the capital of Punjab. Generally, the water harvesting technique depends on topographical areas withwater accumulation, where there is an availability of open spaces in the form of green areas and barren lands, rainfall,drainage network density, and rainfall distribution, particularly in the urban environment. The SRTM DEM data wereused for finding high water accumulated areas, and the Landsat OLI image is used to retrieve land use information i.e.vacant land and open green spaces, existing drainage network density, and rainfall distribution. All these layers wereintegrated through AHP to detect the potentially suitable sites for the construction of rainwater harvesting structures.Results concluded 94 suitable sites with categorization from highly to critically suitable for the construction ofrainwater harvesting structures in which 6 were highly suitable areas in Data Gunj Bakhsh Town and Ravi Town.Besides, residential areas are having a maximum site suitability percentage, followed by roads, agricultural and openspaces in the area under consideration. Considering the suitable sites, further rainwater harvesting methods can beidentified in the study area to alleviate urban flooding and improve the urban environment.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater of Taluka Chachro, Thar Parker, district, Sindh, Pakistan
Authors: Samtio Muhammad Soomar , Hakro Asghar A A D , Raper Khadim Hussain , Mastoi Abdul Shakoor , Rajper Riaz Hussain , Lashari Rafique Ahmed
Published: April 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater. Twenty-six groundwatersamples were analysed for the groundwater quality of Chachro Taluka. The EC and TDS contents in most of the watersamples were above WHO (2011) recommended limits. Almost all water samples collected from dugwells located inthe study area have elevated concentrations of Na and Cl exceeding the WHO guidelines. Results of Ca, and Mg showthat 92% and 96% of groundwater samples were within the prescribed limit respectively. Whereas, HCO3, SO4, andNO3 contnets of 88%, 77%, and 69% respectively are also above the guidelines. Statistical results revealed adominating trend among the cations of Na+>Ca+2>Mg+2>K+ and anions occur in the order of abundance, as Cl->HCO3 ->SO4 -2>NO3, respectively. The water quality index (WQI) shows that 15% groundwater samples belong to poorcategory, and 35% water samples were found belonging to very poor category.While, remaining 50% wells were foundunsuitable for drinking purpose.
Neural Network and Regression Methods for Estimation of the Average Daily Temperature of Hyderabad for the Years 2018-2020
Authors: Tahir Adeel , Akhtar Mamnoon , Din Zaheer Ud , Sarim Muhammad
Published: April 2022

A qualitative study on temperature distribution has been executed in Hyderabad by several researchers. Thisstudy, however, is the first attempt to study temperature distribution quantitatively. Two different methods, i.e.,Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Regression Analysis (RA), have been used to determine the average dailytemperature distribution for Hyderabad, a city in Pakistan. Both the methods are used to predict the average dailytemperature of the years; 2018, 2019, and 2020. In Neural Network (NN) analysis, the network was trained andvalidated for three years with temperature recorded from 2015-2017. With the help of training and validationparameters of the hidden layer, the average d aily temperature was predicted for 2018-2020. Based on input parameters(dew point, relative humidity, and wind speed), a multiple regression model was developed, and average dailytemperature for the years 2018-2020 was predicted again. For validation of the model statistical errors, Root MeanSquare Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MABE), Mean Absolute Percent Error (MAPE), and coefficient ofdetermination are calculated. The statistical errors show that multiple regression models and neural network modelsprovide a good prediction of temperature distribution. However, the results of the neural network are better than theregression model.
Study of Rural-Urban Fringe Patterns of Sargodha City, Pakistan
Authors: Nadeem Muhammad , Mohsin Muhammad , Rafique Anum , Rehman Abdur
Published: April 2022

Urban fringe is a transitional zone of various land uses between urban and rural lands with a low population density that is lower than urban centre but higher than the countryside. The current study focuses on the spatial and structural pattern of the rural-urban fringes of Sargodha city which is one of the rapidly growing cities in Pakistan. To analyze the spatial pattern of rural-urban fringe five study sites were identified such as Gulberg Town, 49 Tail, 85 Jhaal, Jhaal Chakian and Johar Colony different techniques were utilized. Primary and secondary collected data wereused for field surveying besides the interview based on a designed and partially structured questionnaire. Maps were prepared with the help of the Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing. Results revealed that many commercial centres were situated on the edges of the city. The structure and pattern of these localities were recognized and it is found that urban impacts have not only transformed the socio-economic and demographical shape of the ruralurban fringes but also the pattern of land use of the study area. It shows that GIS and remote sensing are essential techniques to map out the spatial changes at the urban fringe.
Microbiological Analysis of Drinking Water from Different Areas of Lahore
Authors: Khan Imran , Mohsin Saima
Published: April 2022

Access to safe drinking water and its regular monitoring is essential to ensure the health and safety of the public. This study aimed to analyze the microbiological quality of drinking water supplies (filtered and unfiltered) from various towns of Lahore, Pakistan. In total, 135 water samples, with and without filtration (n=90) and additional 45 bottled drinking water samples of different brands from the local market were collected from 9 towns of Lahore. To determine the microbiological quality, all samples were subjected to total plate count, total coliform, E. coli, Streptococci and Salmonella detection. According to the findings, the total plate count from various water supplies was significantly higher as compared to bottled drinking water samples. Drinking water from supplies with filtration and without filtration was found to be contaminated with total coliform (51%), E. coli (51%) and total coliform (84.5%), E. coli (84.5%), faecal Streptococci (15.5%), and Salmonella (11.1%) respectively. In total, 22 (49%) of the filtered and 7 (15.5%) of the unfiltered water samples were found to be microbiologically safe for drinking, whereas 41 (91.1%) bottled drinking water samples met the WHO criteria. To summarize, bottled drinking water is safer than both filtered and unfiltered drinking water. However, all bottled water should not be assumed to be safe for use. The microbial contamination in drinking water supplies, as well as bottled water samples, insinuates for strict monitoring of drinking water by regulatory authorities, and immediate action is required to avoid public health hazards.
Impact Assessment of Urban Built-up Area on Groundwater Level of District Faisalabad, Pakistan
Authors: Zia Sahar , -u-Minallah Muhammad Nasar , Tahir Mahrukh , Hanif Aysha
Published: April 2022

This paper attempts to explore the impact of built-up areas on groundwater levels in district Faisalabad.To understand the rate of built-up area expansion and changes in the level of groundwater in the study area, groundwaterdata has been acquired from the Land Reclamation Department for all tehsils in district Faisalabad. This study wasconducted to assess spatial and temporal variation of groundwater level because of the built-up area change. Descriptivestatistics (Scatter Plot correlation technique) have been applied to figure out changes in groundwater levels. Furthermore,some built-up area extraction methods have been incorporated that are always found to be effective tools for theassessment of built-up area change. The spatial analysis tool Spline has applied to 79 bore points in all tehsils of districtFaisalabad. Results clearly show that a built-up increase of 41 km2in Faisalabad city is causing 1-foot depletion ingroundwater as compared to other tehsils, where a built-up increase is negligible. Such research studies of groundwaterchanges would assist the planners to adopt effective sustainable measures.
Geology, Petrography, and Mineralization of Sedimentary Hosted Strata-Bounded Barite Deposit at Gunga, Khuzdar District Balochistan, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Kannar , Ghaffar Abdul , Ullah Innayat , Murad Fida , Ahmed Jalil , Baloch Muhammad Ibrahim
Published: April 2022

Gunga deposit is a type of sedimentary exhalative (SEDEX) deposit located in the northwest of Khuzdar Knot within the Kirthar Fold Belt (KFB) in the south-west of Khuzdar city. This deposit is formed during the late TriassicJurassic period due to rifting of the Gondwana supercontinent. being hosted with the Anjira Member of Jurassic Shirinab Formation, hosted the Strata bounded barite mineralization in these deposits contact with the siliceous and iron-rich gossan zones. The Baritic zone indicates the complex replacement of silica with the continuous silicification which is followed by massive to brecciated type Barite. Petrographically, barite has a very fine to coarse grain texture, anhedral to euhedral crystal shape, and forms dendritic crystal structure In the Back Scattered Electron (BSE) images, the crystal morphology of Barite exhibits well-developed elongated crystal structures with medium to coarse grain texture. Energy Dispersive X-rays (EDX) graphs indicates the high peaks of Ba, S, and O elements associated with sub-peaks rockforming mineral elements (Si, Al, Na, K, and Ca) along with sub-peaks of ore-forming mineral elements (Pb, Zn, Fe, P, and Ni)
GIS-based Analysis for Optimal Site Selection of Schools in Tehsil Khushab, Punjab
Authors: Ahmed Sajid Rasheed , Hafeez Sumaira
Published: April 2022

Education plays an important role in the development of society. The service area for schools is generally considered at a distance coverd in 10 minute walk. There are four tehsils of Khushab which are Khushab, Nurpur Thal, Quaidabad and Noushera.There are some areas with no government schools for girls. In previous research works serviceability has been analyzed with indices such as number of schools (Mladenka and Hill, 1997; Omer, 2006), but these indices do not show the correct results (Ohio and S.Jiong, 2007). However, it is difficult to find serviceability without analyzing the spread of schools (Tsou, 2005). This study focuses on the spatial spread of schools and the accessibility of people to schools integrated with the road network. Accessibility is the basic facility, which helps people move anywhere and reach destinations (Gregory, 2009). It is also considered the proximity of one place to another (Pooler, 1995).
Range Capability as a Significant Variable in Light Duty EVs Life Cycle CO2
Authors:   University of Melbourne, AUSTRALIA, Harry Watson Harry Watson
Published: April 2022

"It was recognised by ‘The Club of Rome’ in 1948 that the earth’s resources were limited and by 1971 in the book ‘Fundamentals of Exhaust Emissions’ I concluded that we should also have concern for CO2 levels in the air and consequent global warming caused by transport emissions. So what is the optimum strategy for minimizing energy use and emissions, recognizing that the car is the prime source of personal space for mobility, and that many governments support a focus as EVs as the solution for the future? To demonstrate how range capability has a significant influence on the optimum life for two classes of EVs and to identify the inter relationship with vehicle life. From this to forecast the optimum service life (before scrapping including recycling) against a back drop of steadily improving EV and battery manufacturing energy and efficiency, Using the best available energy production and usage data, life cycle analysis (more than ‘well-to-wheel’ as the energy content and manufacture of consumables and recycling/reuse is included) is performed for electric vehicles accounting for the change in vehicle use with age in vehicle fleets, in which new vehicles replace older, scrapped ones in the market with improvements in energy efficiency (and CO2 emissions). Depending on the vehicle size and configuration, the optimum vehicle life ranges from 17 years to more than thirty. The greater the installed battery kWh and hence range capability the longer is the optimum service life. As the energy efficiency trend for new vehicles entering the market reduces, as it must according to the law of diminishing returns, vehicles need to remain in use for longer to amortize the embedded energy in manufacturing which will also continue to improve. The analysis is only as reliable as the data. However the sensitivity analysis allows the results to remain useful as the user can adjust the scenario according to updated information. Moreover sensitivity analysis allows the reader to apply the results for regional variables such as the proportion of renewable energy in electricity generation and as a consequence of EVs reduced annual travel compared with conventional and hybrid light duty vehicles.. The application of the most recent input data is also novel. Finally, the author is not aware of analyses of this type that recognise reducing annual travel as vehicles age, rather constant km of travel per year has previously been assumed throughout the vehicle life. On the basis of the median results from the projections, short to moderate range EVs offer the path to minimizing CO2 emissions which conflicts with the general consumer desire for reduced ‘range anxiety’ and thus frequency of recharging. EVs life cycle emissions will be considerably worse than those from hybrid vehicles which use the least long term (several model change overs) energy and produce correspondingly low CO2. The sensitivity analysis allows for conclusions to be drawn about many alternative scenarios."