bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
АНАЛІЗ АНТЕНИ ВИПРОМІНЮВАННЯШИРОКОПОЛОСНИХ ІМПУЛЬСІВ
Authors: Козак О.В. , Потапський П.В. , Гарасимчук І.Д.
Published: March 2020

Електромагнітна енергія може змінювати метаболічні і біосинтетичні процеси при певних параметрах імпульсного ЕМП (частота прямування імпульсів, шпаруватість, потужність, експозиція) може уповільнювати і пригнічувати клітинний ріст. Опромінювання в ММ діапазоні РНК і ДНК, що містить вірус приводить до зниження їх інфекційності. Пригнічення роста культур бактерій, зміна фагоцитарної активності, біосинтезу білків, ультраструктурні зміни в клітинах при взаємодії ЕМП КВЧ діапазону. В дослідженнях з мікроорганізмами було встановлено, що біологічний ефект від дії ЕМП на мікроорганізми носив резонансний характер. В якості одного з основних механізмів гнітючої дії КВЧ випромінювання на шкідливі мікроорганізми є роль біологічних мембран в реакціях мікроорганізмів на ЕМВ. Електричні явища, які проходять в біомембранах, відіграють виключно важливу роль. Утворення трансмембранної різниці потенціалів обумовлено виборчої іонною провідністю мембран в цілому, є відмінним діелектриком, так біошари електроізолюючих ліпідних молекул здатні витримувати напруженість ЕП порядку 105 В/см. Величина електричного потенціалу на мембрані вкрай важлива. За сучасною теорією трансмембранного транспорту, а саме ЕП всередині мембрани складає потоки необхідних речовин із навколишнього середовища всередину клітини та з клітини в навколишнє середовище через спеціальні гідрофільні канали, скоріше всього, ліпопротеїнової природи. Швидкість проникнення іонів через мембрану визначається такими властивостями, як товщина, значення ДП, наявність фіксованих електричних зарядів на мембрані, розміри і число пор в мембрані, наявність фіксованих зарядів в порах та деякими іншими.
Review of the Afrotropical species of the genus Prometopia (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae: Prometopiinae)
Authors: Jelínek Josef , Hájek Jiří
Published: March 2020

African species of the genus Prometopia Erichson, 1843 are reviewed. Two new species: Prometopia hirta sp. nov. (Zambia and Tanzania) and P. intermedia sp. nov. (Tanzania) are described and illustrated. Two previously known Afrotropical species, Prometopia binotata Murray, 1867 and Prometopia quadrinotata Grouvelle, 1896 are redescribed, and a key to Afrotropical species of Prometopia is given as well as new data on their distribution. Notes to correct the spelling of the subfamily Prometopiinae is provided.
Quelle éducation préscolaire marocaine pour quelle école ?
Authors: AMEZIANE NOUREDDINE , LAMHASNI NIHAD
Published: March 2020

La présente étude s’inscrit dans le cadre des travaux de recherche qui ont pour objectif d’évaluer l’état actuel de l’enseignement préscolaire au Maroc en général et à Meknès en particulier. Elle a été réalisée à l’aide des entretiens face à face avec les divers responsables au sein de l’académie régionale de l’éducation et de la formation Meknès-Tafilalet ainsi qu’à la délégation de Meknès. Cela nous a permis l’investigation des documents officiels et l’analyse de l’état d’enseignement préscolaire et des curricula. Un questionnaire a également été administré à un échantillon représentatif d’éducateurs du préscolaire au niveau de 67 établissements. La recherche a révélé que l’offre préscolaire au Maroc demeure toujours restreinte et insatisfaisante sur le plan qualité aussi bien que quantité, et ce malgré l’adoption du programme d’urgence (2009-2012) qui a ambitionné de généraliser de nouveau un enseignement préscolaire de qualité. La quasi-totalité des établissements préscolaires sont privés (Kouttab et établissements modernes) et inégalement répartis sur l’ensemble des communes. Nombreux d’entre eux ne répondent pas au cahier de charge élaboré par les autorités éducatives compétentes. Une trop grande diversité des curricula doublée d’une insuffisance de qualifications professionnelles des éducateurs ne font que nuire à la qualité de ce type d’enseignement. Tous ces points correspondent à des obstacles et défis que doit surmonter le gouvernement marocain afin de développer et améliorer l’éducation préscolaire dans le territoire marocain.
L’adoption de l’approche par compétence par les enseignants
Authors: ARBIA ABDELALI , KADDARI FATIHA , ELACHQAR ABDELRHANI
Published: March 2020

L’approche par compétence « APC » est considérée comme l’une des approches pédagogiques les plus appropriées pour un apprentissage efficace. Cependant, bien qu’elle soit de plus en plus recommandée par le système éducatif marocain, on constate une réticence de son application.
La finalité de ce travail est d’approcher les représentations des enseignants sur l’APC et cela afin d’apprécier leur degré d’implication dans sa mise en œuvre dans le système éducatif marocain.
Ainsi, nous avons élaboré un questionnaire. La collecte d’informations, au moyen de ce questionnaire, a été faite auprès de 300 professeurs du cycle secondaire exerçant dans l’Académie Régionale d’Éducation et de Formation AREF Fès-Boulemane et le nombre des réponses reçu n’est que 115 seulement.
Les données obtenues mettent en évidence un taux significatif d’application de cette approche dans plusieurs établissements d’enseignement. Les causes présentées de la non adoption de cette approche par quelques enseignants peuvent être catégorisés en plusieurs rangs : les conditions de travail, le manque de formation (initiale ou continue), conditions socioculturelles.
La réussite de l’enseignement dépend étroitement du développement des ressources humaines de l’éducation et de la formation, qui commence par un perfectionnement de la formation initiale dans des centres de formation des enseignants, continue par l’autoformation et se poursuit par les formations continues.
Quelle taxonomie pour une formation en santé ?
Authors: CAMARA EL HADJI HABIB , GUEYE MAMOUR
Published: March 2020

A la suite de son entrée dans le système LMD, l’Université Cheikh Anta Diop s’est lancée dans la mise en œuvre d’un projet de promotion de la pédagogie universitaire visant à améliorer l’efficacité interne de l’institution. Une réécriture des syllabus de cours est, à cet effet, initiée en privilégiant le système d’apprentissage, à travers l’explicitation des capacités attendues des étudiantes et étudiants, en termes d’objectifs d’apprentissage visés durant et au terme de leur formation. En ciblant ces objectifs d’apprentissage, singulièrement ceux formulés dans les programmes de formation du CEA-SAMEF, cette présente étude, à visée descriptive et exploratoire, a permis d’esquisser les contours d’une taxonomie appropriée à la formation en santé, en s’appuyant sur deux registres de conceptualisation de la connaissance : le registre épistémique et le registre pragmatique.
Evaluation and Improvement of education and schooling systems
Authors: ASSAREH ALIREZA , PAZHAKH ABDOLREZA
Published: March 2020

Different evaluation approaches have yet been used to provide sufficient feedback to assess how well the integrated training system is functioning and what impact it has made on service delivery. Informal feedback is provided through built-in evaluation mechanisms. Formal assessments, including special surveys, are conducted to determine the impact of training methodologies, change in national and institutional capacity to produce competent providers and ultimately the ability of providers to offer high quality reproductive educational services.   

    As literature indicates, there are different curricula types among which the learner-oriented type differs a little from the unitary approaches to syllabus design. Indeed, in unitary approaches learners were fed an undifferentiated diet regardless of their ends and needs. But as the learner-centered approach as its name indicates, in this sort of curriculum focus is on the learner. That is, the content of the courses should reflect the purposes for which the learners have come to class. Besides, as learning and learning processes are two sides of the same pedagogical coin, therefore some elements seem to be more worthy of being taken into account than others. Among them are learner needs, learner roles and contributions and learner choices.
Angular Expansion of Nova Shells
Authors: Santamaría E. , Guerrero M. A. , Ramos-Larios G. , Toalá J. A. , Sabin L. , Rubio G. , Quino-Mendoza J. A.
Published: March 2020

Nova shells can provide important information on their distance, their interactions with circumstellar and interstellar media, and the evolution in morphology of the ejecta. We have obtained narrowband images of a sample of five nova shells, namely DQ Her, FH Ser, T Aur, V476 Cyg, and V533 Her, with ages ranging from 50 to 130 yr. These images have been compared with suitable available archival images to derive their angular expansion rates. We find that all the nova shells in our sample are still in the free expansion phase, which can be expected, as the mass of the ejecta is 7–45 times larger than the mass of the swept-up circumstellar medium. The nova shells will keep expanding freely for time periods up to a few hundred years, reducing their time dispersal into the interstellar medium.
Three-dimensional Reconstruction of Filament Axes and Their Writhe Numbers
Authors: Xu Yu , Zhu Jiahao , Guo Yang
Published: March 2020

To reveal the correlation between the morphology of filaments and their writhe, we reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) paths of the filament axes based on the data set of Atmospheric Imaging Assembly and Extreme Ultraviolet Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory, respectively. Then, we calculate the writhe of the reconstructed filament axes with the polar writhe theory. All the cases obey that a projected forward (reverse) S-shaped filament possesses positive (negative) writhe. We conduct a further analysis by constructing theoretical 3D curves with non-centrosymmetric shape and only one maximum in height. It is demonstrated that (1) writhe depends on the relative height (the ratio of the height of the curve and the distance between its two footprints), the position of the highest point, and the position of the crossing point (the intersection of a projected axis curve and the line connecting two footprints); (2) for a filament with absolute value of the crossing angle less than π/3 and relative height less than 0.2, forward (reverse) S-shaped projection results in positive (negative) writhe; and (3) when the highest point and the crossing point are significantly separated, the sign of writhe can be conserved without changing the S shape orientation (forward or reverse) during the eruption.
Magnetohydrodynamic Nonlinearities in Sunspot Atmospheres: Chromospheric Detections of Intermediate Shocks
Authors: Houston S. J. , Jess D. B. , Keppens R. , Stangalini M. , Keys P. H. , Grant S. D. T. , Jafarzadeh S. , McFetridge L. M. , Murabito M. , Ermolli I. , Giorgi F.
Published: March 2020

The formation of shocks within the solar atmosphere remains one of the few observable signatures of energy dissipation arising from the plethora of magnetohydrodynamic waves generated close to the solar surface. Active region observations offer exceptional views of wave behavior and its impact on the surrounding atmosphere. The stratified plasma gradients present in the lower solar atmosphere allow for the potential formation of many theorized shock phenomena. In this study, using chromospheric Ca ii
λ8542 line spectropolarimetric data of a large sunspot, we examine fluctuations in the plasma parameters in the aftermath of powerful shock events that demonstrate polarimetric reversals during their evolution. Modern inversion techniques are employed to uncover perturbations in the temperatures, line-of-sight velocities, and vector magnetic fields occurring across a range of optical depths synonymous with the shock formation. Classification of these nonlinear signatures is carried out by comparing the observationally derived slow, fast, and Alfvén shock solutions with the theoretical Rankine–Hugoniot relations. Employing over 200,000 independent measurements, we reveal that the Alfvén (intermediate) shock solution provides the closest match between theory and observations at optical depths of

log

10

τ
=
−
4

, consistent with a geometric height at the boundary between the upper photosphere and lower chromosphere. This work uncovers first-time evidence of the manifestation of chromospheric intermediate shocks in sunspot umbrae, providing a new method for the potential thermalization of wave energy in a range of magnetic structures, including pores, magnetic flux ropes, and magnetic bright points.
The Lyman Alpha Reference Sample. X. Predicting Lyα Output from Star-forming Galaxies Using Multivariate Regression*
Authors: Runnholm Axel , Hayes Matthew , Melinder Jens , Rivera-Thorsen Emil , Östlin Göran , Cannon John , Kunth Daniel
Published: March 2020

Understanding the production and escape of Lyα radiation from star-forming galaxies is a long-standing problem in astrophysics. The ability to predict the Lyα luminosity of galaxies would open up new ways of exploring the epoch of reionization (EOR) and estimating Lyα emission from galaxies in cosmological simulations where radiative transfer calculations cannot be done. We apply multivariate regression methods to the Lyman Alpha Reference Sample data set to obtain a relation between the galaxy properties and the emitted Lyα. The derived relation predicts the Lyα luminosity of our galaxy sample to good accuracy, regardless of whether we consider only direct observables (rms dispersion around the relation of ∼0.19 dex) or derived physical quantities (rms ∼ 0.27 dex). We confirm the predictive ability on a separate sample of compact star-forming galaxies and find that the prediction works well, but that aperture effects on measured Lyα luminosity may be important, depending on the redshift of the galaxy. We apply statistical feature selection techniques to determine an order of importance of the variables in our data set, enabling future observations to be optimized for predictive ability. When using physical variables, we are able to determine that the most important predictive parameters are, in order, star formation rate, dust extinction, compactness, and the gas covering fraction. We discuss the application of our results in terms of studying the EOR and intensity mapping experiments.
Risk Factors of Antibiotics Self-medication Practices among University Students in Cairo, Egypt
Authors: Elden Nesreen Mohamed Kamal , Nasser Hebatallah A. , Alli Aliaa , Mahmoud Nayra , Shawky Mai Ahmed , Ibrahim Abady Abo Elazayem Ahmed , Fahmy Abdelrahmn Karam
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND: Self-medication is a practice with major global implications, especially with antibiotics intake. Self-medication among future health-care professionals could affect their way in prescribing medication in the future.
AIM: This study was conducted to estimate the magnitude and the determinants of antibiotics self-medication practices and to describe the pattern of antibiotics abuse among undergraduate university students.
METHODS: A cross-section study was conducted among 563 medical students from public and private universities in Cairo, Egypt, using a questionnaire.
RESULTS: About 77.7% of the students used antibiotics without prescriptions with no statistical differences by age, sex, residence, or type of universities. More than half of the students (51.7%) do not know the effect of antibiotics abuse on microbial resistance. Most self-treated antibiotics were used to manage gastroenteritis symptoms (70%), respiratory symptoms (63%), and dental infections (36%), other causes such as headache or prophylactic reasons (21%). About 91.7% of the self-medicated students reported access to antibiotics from the pharmacy without a prescription and 71% of them mentioned discontinuation of a course of antibiotics at least once during the last year. About 81% of the students who do not know the effect of antibiotic abuse are self-medicated versus 75% of their counterpart who know and this difference is statistically significant. The multivariate analysis identified the residence as an independent predictor of their knowledge (area of residence = 1.6, 95% confidence interval [1.1â€“2.3]).
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics among university students in Cairo is high. Our findings highlight the urgent need for tailored interventions to control this practice.
SquamataBase: a natural history database and R package for comparative biology of snake feeding habits
Authors: Grundler Michael
Published: March 2020

Public databases in taxonomy, phylogenetics and geographic and fossil occurrence records are key research tools that provide raw materials, on which broad-scale analyses and synthesis in their respective fields are based. Comparable repositories for natural history observations are rare. Publicly available natural history data on traits like diet, habitat and reproduction are scattered across an extensive primary literature and remain relatively inaccessible to researchers interested in using these data for broad-scale analyses in macroecology and macroevolution. In this paper, I introduce SquamataBase, an open-source R package and database of predator-prey records involving the world’s snakes. SquamataBase facilitates the discovery of natural history observations for use in comparative analyses and synthesis and, in its current form, contains observations of at least 18,304 predator individuals comprising 1,227 snake species and at least 58,633 prey items comprising 3,231 prey taxa. To facilitate integration with comparative analysis workflows, the data are distributed inside an R package, which also provides basic functionality for common data manipulation and filtering operations. Moving forward, the continued development of public natural history databases and their integration with existing digitisation efforts in biodiversity science should become a priority.
Rocky pine forests in the High Coast Region in Sweden: structure, dynamics and history
Authors: Sandström Jennie , Edman Mattias , Jonsson Bengt Gunnar
Published: March 2020

Almost all forests in Sweden are managed and only a small fraction are considered natural. One exception is low productive forests where, due to their limited economical value, natural dynamics still dominate. One example is the Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) forests occurring on rocky and nutrient-poor hilltops. Although these forests represent a regionally common forest type with a high degree of naturalness, their dynamics, structure and history are poorly known. We investigated the structure, human impact and fire history in eight rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area in eastern Sweden, initially identified as good representatives of this forest type. This was done by sampling and measuring tree sizes, -ages, fire-scarred trees, as well as dead wood volumes and quality along three transects at each site. The structure was diverse with a sparse layer of trees (basal area 9 m2 and 640 trees larger than 10 cm ha-1) in various sizes and ages; 13 trees ha-1 were more than 300 years old. Dead wood (DW), snags and logs in all stages of decay, was present and although the actual DW (pine) volume (4.4 m3 ha-1) and number of units (53 ha-1) was low, the DW share of total wood volume was 18% on average. Dead wood can be present for several centuries after death; we found examples of both snags and logs that had been dead more than 300 years. Frequent fires have occurred, with an average cycle of 40 years between fires. Most fires occurred between 1500-1900 and many of them (13) during the 1600s. However, fires were probably small since most fire years were only represented at one site and often only in one or a few samples. The rocky pine forests in the High Coast Area are representative of undisturbed forests with low human impact, exhibiting old-growth characteristics and are valuable habitats for organisms connected to sun-exposed DW. Management of protected rocky pine forests may well include small-scale restoration fires and the limited DW volumes should be protected.
High-power electron accelerator for the production of neutrons and radioisotopes
Authors: Onishchyuk Elena A. , Kurachenko Yury A. , Matusevich Evgeny S.
Published: March 2020

The purpose of the work is to study the possible use of existing high-power electron accelerators for neutron therapy and the production of radioisotopes. Calculations were performed for both applications and the results were normalized to the characteristics of the existing MEVEX accelerator (average electron current 4 mA at a monoenergetic electron beam of 35 MeV). A unifying problem for the applications is the task of cooling the target: at a beam energy of about 140 kW, almost half of this energy is released directly in the target. For this reason, a liquid heavy metal was chosen as a target in order to combine the high quality of thermohydraulics with the maximum performance of both bremsstrahlung radiation and photoneutrons. The targets were optimized using precision codes for radiation transfer and thermal-hydraulic applications. Optimization was also carried out on the installation as a whole: (1) on the composition of the material and the configuration of the photoneutron extraction unit for neutron capture therapy (NCT) and (2) on the bremsstrahlung generation scheme for producing radioisotopes. The photoneutron unit provides an acceptable beam quality for NCT with a large neutron flux density at the output: ~ 2·1010 cm–2s–1, which is an order of magnitude higher than the output values of existing and planned reactor beams. Such intensity at the beam output will make it possible in many cases to abandon fractionated irradiation. As for the production of radioisotopes, in the calculations for the (γ, n) reaction, 43 radionuclides in five groups were obtained. For example, using the Mo100(γ, n)99Mo reaction, it is possible to obtain the 99Mo precursor of the main diagnostic isotope 99mTc with a specific activity of ~ 6 Ci/g and a total target activity of 1.8 kCi after irradiation for 24 hours. The proposed schemes for generating and outputting photoneutrons and bremsstrahlung have a number of obvious advantages over traditional methods, including: (a) the use of electron accelerators for producing neutrons is much safer and cheaper than the use of reactor beams; (b) the accelerator with the target and the beam extraction unit with the necessary equipment and tooling can be easily placed in a clinical setting; and (c) the proposed liquid gallium target for NCT, which also serves as a coolant, is an “environmentally friendly” material: its activation is relatively small and drops quickly (after about four days) to the background level.
Microbial diversity-ecosystem function relationships across environmental gradients
Authors: Heintz-Buschart Anna , Guerra Carlos , Djukic Ika , Cesarz Simone , Chatzinotas Antonis , Patoine Guillaume , Sikorski Johannes , Buscot Francois , Küsel Kirsten , Wegner Carl-Eric , Eisenhauer Nico
Published: March 2020

In light of increasing anthropogenic pressures on ecosystems around the globe, the question how biodiversity change of organisms in the critical zone between Earth’s canopies and bedrock relates to ecosystem functions is an urgent issue, as human life relies on these functions. Particularly, soils play vital roles in nutrient cycling, promotion of plant growth, water purification, litter decomposition, and carbon storage, thereby securing food and water resources and stabilizing the climate. Soil functions are carried to a large part by complex communities of microorganisms, such as bacteria, archaea, fungi and protists. The assessment of microbial diversity and the microbiome's functional potential continues to pose significant challenges. Next generation sequencing offers some of the most promising tools to help shedding light on microbial diversity-function relationships. Studies relating microbial diversity and ecosystem functions are rare, particularly those on how this relationship is influenced by environmental gradients. The proposed project focuses on decomposition as one of the most important microbial soil ecosystem functions. The researchers from the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig combine an unparalleled range of expertise from next generation sequencing- based analysis of microbial communities (“meta-omics”) to soil ecology and biodiversity-ecosystem function research. This consortium will make use of soil samples from large international networks to assess microbial diversity both at the taxonomic and functional level and across the domains of life. By linking microbial diversity to functional measurements of decomposition and environmental gradients, the proposed project aims to achieve a comprehensive scale-independent understanding of environmental drivers and anthropogenic effects on the structural and functional diversity of microbial communities and subsequent consequences for ecosystem functioning.
L’apport méconnu de Jean Domat (1625-1696) au droit pénal
Authors: Pierrard François , Pierrard François
Published: March 2020

Surtout connu comme ami de Pascal et comme auteur des Loix civiles dans leur ordre naturel , Jean Domat (1625-1696) est aussi l’auteur d’un ouvrage sur le Droit public , encore largement méconnu. Déjà moderne par sa place au sein de cet ensemble publiciste, la doctrine criminaliste de Jean Domat l’est encore plus par ses distinctions des infractions et des finalités de la peine. Le fait d’avoir suscité des continuateurs et des traducteurs/transpositeurs en France et ailleurs en Europe laisse présager l’influence indirecte qu’elle exerça. Une étude du cheminement des idées qui y sont défendues confirme l’apport de Jean Domat au droit pénal et notamment au processus de codification.
Le problème de l’invention en gravure. L’émergence d’une théorie de la gravure comme art libéral au sein de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture (1651-1674)
Authors: Gallay Antoine , Gallay Antoine
Published: March 2020

Il est communément admis que la réception des graveurs en taille-douce au sein de l’Académie royale de peinture et de sculpture répondait au souhait de Colbert de faire reproduire et diffuser les œuvres des académiciens. En analysant plus finement les relations entre l’Académie et le milieu parisien de l’estampe, cet article s’attache à démontrer comment les graveurs aspirèrent à rejoindre l’institution, et comment celle-ci leur permit de théoriser leur art sur le modèle des discours consacrés à la peinture, les conduisant à distinguer la gravure d’invention et la gravure d’interprétation.
Pédocriminalité : le secret n’est pas le silence
Authors: Poussier Thomas
Published: March 2020

Les affaires de pédocriminalité commis par des clercs et le silence qui a pu les couvrir ont engendré une indignation réclamant une réponse de l’Église, allant jusqu’à demander la levée du secret de confession ; or, le secret de confession est une manifestation de la miséricorde divine, il doit demeurer absolu pour préserver la dignité de tous les pénitents ; la protection de ce secret n’empêche pas la justice, à condition de bien le distinguer des silences mortifères et des autres secrets qui peuvent connaître des exceptions.
La vie humaine, féconde de Dieu, et la prophétie du célibat pour le Royaume
Authors: Calmeyn Marie Laetitia
Published: March 2020

Dans son livre Humanae vitae. Une prophétie , Monseigneur Aupetit, archevêque de Paris mais aussi médecin de famille ayant longtemps pratiqué, ouvre à une compréhension plus profonde de ce qu’est la paternité et la maternité responsables : il s’agit de la vocation de l’homme et de la femme à la fécondité. (…)
Apport de la résilience comme levier face aux crises complexes. Étude de cas au travers d’une crise complexe dans une mutuelle Santé
Authors: Teneau Gilles , Dufour Nicolas
Published: March 2020

De nombreux cas de gestion de crise attestent d’une forte complexité et d’une difficulté d’analyse rapide de la situation. La résilience des entreprises connaissant des situations de crise, a fortiori de crise complexe, n’est donc pas assurée. La gestion d’une crise nécessite la connaissance d’un minimum d’éléments d’information pour en établir le diagnostic. Il convient aussi de déterminer de manière raisonnée et efficace les actions à conduire pour la traiter. Les crises majeures ou dites hors cadre, dans lesquelles le décideur ne dispose plus de référentiels auxquels se raccrocher, peuvent nécessiter l’obligation de «  décider dans l’incertitude  ». Dans ce contexte, nous proposons alors la problématique suivante : «  quelle condition pour assurer une résilience dans le cadre d’une crise complexe ?  » Nous proposons d’envisager des éléments de réponse à une telle problématique en nous basant sur le cas d’une crise rencontré par une entreprise de taille moyenne, spécialisée dans le secteur des prestations de santé.
De l’intérêt de la complexité : le cas de la prévention des risques psychosociaux chez les enseignants du second degré public
Authors: Pounchou-Guilhamot Stéphane , Pilnière Véronique
Published: March 2020

Si la pensée complexe et son corollaire, la théorie des systèmes, font l’objet d’une reconnaissance académique certaine, elles peinent, pourtant, à s’incarner dans les pratiques organisationnelles. Le cas de la prévention des risques psychosociaux (RPS) chez les enseignants du second degré public est, à cet égard, édifiant. En effet, ces risques, dont la définition est désormais stabilisée, ont fait l’objet de nombreuses publications ces dernières années et sont maintenant bien connus des chercheurs comme des praticiens. Comment expliquer, dès lors, la faiblesse des résultats obtenus dans la prévention de ces risques parmi les enseignants ? Notre article démontre que la réponse est à trouver dans le caractère profondément individualiste des solutions mises en œuvre jusque-là, niant toute complexité au système de prévention des RPS.
Immune modulatory capacity of probiotic lactic acid bacteria and applications in vaccine development
Authors: Mojgani N. , Shahali Y. , Dadar M.
Published: March 2020

Vaccination is one of the most important prevention tools providing protection against infectious diseases especially in children below the age of five. According to estimates, more than 5 million lives are saved annually by the implementation of six standard vaccines, including diphtheria, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenza type b, polio, tetanus and yellow fever. Despite these efforts, we are faced with challenges in developing countries where increasing population and increasing disease burden and difficulties in vaccine coverage and delivery cause significant morbidity and mortality. Additionally, the high cost of these vaccines is also one of the causes for inappropriate and inadequate vaccinations in these regions. Thus, developing cost-effective vaccine strategies that could provide a stronger immune response with reduced vaccination schedules and maximum coverage is of critical importance. In last decade, different approaches have been investigated; among which live bacterial vaccines have been the focus of attention. In this regard, probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied as safe and effective vaccine candidates. These microorganisms represent the largest group of probiotic bacteria in the intestine and are generally recognised as safe (GRAS) bacteria. They have also attracted attention due to their immunomodulatory actions and their effective role as novel vaccine adjuvants. A significant property of these bacteria is their ability to mimic natural infections, while intrinsically possessing mucosal adjuvant properties. Additionally, as live bacterial vaccines are administered orally or nasally, they have higher acceptance and better safety, but also avoid the risk of contamination due to needles and syringes. In this review, we emphasise the role of probiotic Lactobacillus strains as putative oral vaccine carriers and novel vaccine adjuvants.
Guidelines for best practice in placebo-controlled experimental studies on probiotics in rodent animal models
Authors: Myles E.M. , O’Leary M.E. , Romkey I.D. , Piano A. , de Carvalho V. , Tompkins T.A. , Perrot T.S.
Published: March 2020

In the absence of established best practice standards in the probiotic field for reducing the risk of bacterial transfer between experimental groups, we developed protocols and methods to ensure the highest quality and interpretability of results from animal studies, even when performed in non-conventional animal care facilities. We describe easily implementable methods for reducing cross-contamination during animal housing, behavioural testing, and euthanasia, along with highlighting protocols for contamination detection in experimental subjects and laboratory areas using qPCR. In light of the high cross-contamination risks between animals during experiments involving probiotics, constant vigilance in animal care and research protocols is critical to ensure valid and reliable research findings.
Effects of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 Lc40 on infant growth and health: a randomised clinical trial in nursing women
Authors: Pastor-Villaescusa B. , Hurtado J.A. , Gil-Campos M. , Uberos J. , Maldonado-Lobón J.A. , Díaz-Ropero M.P. , Bañuelos O. , Fonollá J. , Olivares M. , _ _
Published: March 2020

The breast milk microbiota has been described as a source of bacteria for infant gut colonisation. We studied the effect of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 (Lc40) on growth and infection incidence of the infants, when the probiotic is administrated to the mothers. Moreover, whether such effects might depend on the interaction between the mother or infant microbiota and the probiotic administration. A total of 291 mother-infant pairs were studied for 16 weeks in a randomised double-blinded placebo-controlled multicentre trial. The Lc40 group (n=139) received 1 capsule/day containing 3×109 cfu Lc40; the control group (n=152) received 1 placebo (maltodextrin) capsule/day. A positive and significant correlation of the Staphylococcus load between breast milk and infant faeces was only observed in control group. Additionally, the weight z-score of the infants whose mothers had higher values of Lactobacillus in their breast milk were significantly higher for the Lc40 group. We observed a significant lower incidence of conjunctivitis in the infants whose mothers received Lc40. A higher load of Staphylococcus in infant faeces significantly increased the risk of respiratory infections. Such incidence, under an absent or low Staphylococcus load in the faeces, was significantly 36 times higher in the infants in the control group than in the infants in the Lc40 group. However, the protective effect of Lc40 was gradually reduced as the Staphylococcus load of the milk increased. The administration of Lc40 to nursing women might influence infant growth and health but it seems to depend on its interactions with mother or infant microbiota. Registered in the US Library of Medicine (www.clinicaltrials.gov): NCT02203877.
What Will My Life Be Like at Age 70? Perspectives of Undergraduate Students in an Aging Course
Authors: Lowey Susan E.
Published: March 2020

The affective domain of learning is an essential component in the professional development of nursing students. Teaching strategies stimulating an emotional response can impact students' attitudes, values, and beliefs. This qualitative study examined the use of a reflective journaling assignment in eliciting perspectives from 142 students about aging. Most students identified the assignment to be a real “eye opener” and perceived older adults in a different light. Students consulted with a grandparent or another older adult while writing the essay, which led to a mutually satisfying connection. Students were most fearful about loss of functional status, being too ill to enjoy activities, and the deaths of loved ones. Students often lack the ability to see patients beyond their current health status because educational programs largely focus on the cognitive domain. Using strategies targeting the affective domain can help students reconsider their values and beliefs toward the older population. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 46
(4), 48–52.]
Project Managers Are the Best Candidates to Manage Innovation
Authors: Lavalle Arturo , Casale Oliviero
Published: March 2020

New technologies are changing our society bringing both great opportunities and enormous risks; therefore it is of paramount importance to understand how to cope with the ongoing digital transformation and how to manage the innovation it brings in all sectors and at all levels. The ability to innovate is a crucial factor for long-term corporate success. Everybody agrees on the importance to bring innovation within companies and organizations but there is little consensus on how to do it. Over the last years, a strong debate has raised on the identification of innovation manager’s tasks and duties and, above all, on the background and skills that this new professional profile should possess in order to effectively manage innovation. Very often, the innovation manager is seen as someone mostly resembling to a R&D or an IT Manager. Nevertheless, innovation is not only technology-led but encompasses a broader variety of aspects. This suggests that a different and more comprehensive background should be considered when codifying the innovation manager profile. This paper intends to identify this background by showing the strict correlation between project management and innovation management with the aim to emphasize why project management should represent the proper competency and experiential framework for innovation managers.
Mobile Multimedia Education for Language Disorders
Authors: Gkeka Eugenia , Agorastou Eleni , Drigas Athanasios S.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the importance of new multimedia tools that provide multi-sensory education for language learning, especially for students who need special education. These contemporary appliances stimulate the senses, enter the motiva-tion and reinforce the memory. In particular, these tools advance language skills such as comprehension, oral language and vocabulary, speaking expressions, reading capacities and writing abilities. Also, the evaluation for students with lan-guage disorders lies on cognitive and metacognitive capabilities, being created by these interactive media devices.
Special Education: Teaching Geometry with ICTs
Authors: Galitskaya Viktoriya , Drigas Athanasios
Published: March 2020

Geometry is a very important field of mathematics which is crucial for the understanding of space. From an early age, children observe objects that cor-respond to geometric shapes and learn the position they occupy in space (above, below, etc.). It is a demanding lesson that requires imagination and combinational thought. With the introduction of technology in education, ge-ometry became more accessible to students, because through it pupils can now visualize figures, study and process them.
Phet Simulation as Means to Trigger the Creative Thinking Skills of Physics Concepts
Authors: Habibi Habibi , Jumadi Jumadi , Mundilarto Mundilarto
Published: March 2020

Creative thinking skills are very important in solving difficult physics concepts, therefore the right strategies are needed as a trigger. This study has analyzed the implications of learning technology assisted by Physics educational technology (Phet) on creative thinking skills. The type of research is pre-experiment with one group pretest-posttest design. The sample involved 32 early semester students from one private university, west Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Data has been collected using creative thinking essay tests that are adjusted to creative thinking skills-Kim indicators. Descriptive-parametric statistics are used to analyze research data. The results have shown that there are differences in the improvement scores at each indicator of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration. The findings mean that Phet has positive implications for CrTS. In detail, it was presented in the discussion
Web Application to Support the Learning of Programming Through the Graphic Visualization of Programs
Authors: Jaimez-González Carlos R. , Castillo-Cortes Miguel
Published: March 2020

This paper presents a web application to support the learning of programming at the undergraduate level, which allows students to graphically visualize through animations the execution of programs written in the Java programming language. The web application supports the understanding of programs and the basic con-cepts of programming, such as declaration of variables, assignment of values to variables, use of control structures, and calls to functions with parameters. The development of the web application, its architecture and the three systems that compose it are presented: data collection, processing and representation. The op-eration of the web application is shown through three programs, for which their execution is visualized graphically.Educational technology, education computing, software understanding, software visualization
Mind Mapping in Learning Models: A Tool to Improve Student Metacognitive Skills
Authors: Astriani Dyah , Susilo Herawati , Suwono Hadi , Lukiati Betty , Purnomo Aris Rudi
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to measure the role of mind mapping in learning models to improve students' metacognitive skills. The study used a pre-experimental one group pre-test post-test design, involving 33 students of science teacher candidates, Science Education Study Program, Universitas Negeri Malang, Malang, Indonesia, for three meetings. The instruments used were a mind map assessment rubric and a metacognitive skills essay questions as many as 15 questions alongside with its assessment rubric. Students were given a pre-test before learning activities and the same post-test consists of essays related to metacognitive skills. Research data were analyzed descriptively and quantitatively using a t-test and correlation analysis. The results showed: (1) there was increasing scores over mind mapping skills in the average by each meeting, namely score of 13.91 (Enough), 15.39 (Enough), and 18.18 (Good); (2) the paired t-test results showed the value of t = 9.196, with a significance of 0.000 <0.05; and (3) the results of the influence analysis of 0.552 showed that mind mapping with metacognitive skills was correlated by moderate criteria. To conclude, the mind mapping applied in the syntax of learning models can improve the metacognitive skills of students as science teacher candidates
A Data Mining Method for Students' Behavior Understanding
Authors: Na Wei
Published: March 2020

To model students' behavior and describe their behavior characteristics accurately and comprehensively, a framework for predicting students' learning performance based on behavioral model is proposed, which extracts features from multiple perspectives to describe behaviors more comprehensively, including statistical features and association features. In addition, a multi-task model is designed for fine-grained prediction of students' learning performance in the curriculum. A framework for predicting mastery based on online learning behavior is also put forward. Additional context information is added to the collaborative filtering algorithm, including student-knowledge-point mastery and class-knowledge-point, and students' mastery is predicted according to the learning path excavated. Considering the time-varying of mastery, the approximate curve of students' mastery of knowledge points is fitted according to the Ebinhaus forgetting curve. The experiments show that the proposed framework has a high recall rate for the prediction of learning performance, and also shows a certain practicability for early warning. Further, based on the model, the correlation between student behavior patterns and learning performance is discussed. The addition of additional information has improved the prediction efficiency, especially the operational efficiency. At the same time, the proposed framework can not only dynamically assess students' master of knowledge, but also facilitate the system to review feedback or adjust the learning order, and provide personalized learning services.
Continuing Professional Development and the Philippine Qualifications Framework
Authors: David Lourdes Tenmatay
Published: March 2020

The Philippines is unique among the ASEAN member states (AMS) in implementing its continuing professional development (CPD) policy among its professionals. It is the only AMS that requires CPD compliance for the renewal of the Professional Identification Card of its professionals. For that matter, it is the only country in the ASEAN that requires graduates of Library and Information Science to take and pass a licensure examination before they can practice the profession. The Bachelor's degree in LIS also has a common curriculum for all the schools offering the degree as mandated by the Commission on Higher Education except for autonomous higher education institutions. The chapter discusses the laws, practices, and issues that affect the practice of librarianship in the Philippines and how CPD impacts the ASEAN Qualifications Framework (AQRF), career progression and eventually the Mutual Recognition Arrangements (MRA) among ASEAN member countries.
Internationalization of Library and Information Science Education in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan
Authors: Lapo Piotr , Makhmudov Gadobek , Rakhmatullaev Marat
Published: March 2020

Internationalization of education is of particular importance both for improving the quality of library and information education and for strengthening scientific, cultural, and political development in countries in Central Asia. The discussion in this chapter is divided into two parts: 1) library and information education in Tajikistan and Uzbekistan as part of the Central Asian republics of the former Soviet Union, which specifically provides an overview of the current policies of the higher education internationalization, current state of library development and library education, the challenges and recommendations for improvement; and 2) challenges and opportunities common in Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan and a general conclusion internationalization of Library and information science education in these four countries.
Role of Academic Libraries in the Accreditation Process
Authors: Ram Shri
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this chapter is to analyze the policies and procedures needed for the accreditation of academic institutions by various agencies. In the case of India, a number of accreditation bodies visit academic institutions to accredit the programs and to analyze various facets to assure that standard policies and procedures are in place. The policies and procedures adopted by various accreditation bodies such as AICTE, UGC, NAAC, ABET, etc. recognize the courses offered by the institutions, whereas agencies like Times Higher Education, QS Ranking, NIRF (India) are playing a key role in the ranking of the institutions. Libraries are always one of the important criteria for accreditation as well as ranking. The purpose is to identify the key expectations from these bodies for library science education and libraries in terms of collection, services, and other important aspects which help to achieve an institution's success.
Digital Transformation and Its Effects on Various Sectors
Authors: P. Hima Bindu , K. John Samuel , T. Bhaskar Reddy
Published: March 2020

It is a known fact that technology drives the nation. Day by day more disruptive technologies emerge that enable a nation to strive for massive growth in its GDP. The digital India is a high priority programme from the Indian government in order to make India a digitally literate nation. This project mainly provides the services offered by the government to common public through electronic means. This is done by enhancing the operational setup of the existing services. The digitalization of many aspects in India make it a better contender to become a global leader by creating digital empowerment in technology with cumulative internet connectivity. The chapter identifies some of the core areas where the concept of digitalization enhances its operational processes. The changes reflected in each individual sector by adopting digital transformation are discussed in detail.