bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiologist-level interpretable knowledge-fused deep neural network for automatic arrhythmia diagnosis
Authors: Jin Yanrui , Li Zhiyuan , Wang Mengxiao , Liu Jinlei , Tian Yuanyuan , Liu Yunqing , Wei Xiaoyang , Zhao Liqun , Liu Chengliang
Published: February 2024

Background

Long-term monitoring of Electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings is crucial to diagnose arrhythmias. Clinicians can find it challenging to diagnose arrhythmias, and this is a particular issue in more remote and underdeveloped areas. The development of digital ECG and AI methods could assist clinicians who need to diagnose arrhythmias outside of the hospital setting.

Methods

We constructed a large-scale Chinese ECG benchmark dataset using data from 272,753 patients collected from January 2017 to December 2021. The dataset contains ECG recordings from all common arrhythmias present in the Chinese population. Several experienced cardiologists from Shanghai First People’s Hospital labeled the dataset. We then developed a deep learning-based multi-label interpretable diagnostic model from the ECG recordings. We utilized Accuracy, F1 score and AUC-ROC to compare the performance of our model with that of the cardiologists, as well as with six comparison models, using testing and hidden data sets.

Results

The results show that our approach achieves an F1 score of 83.51%, an average AUC ROC score of 0.977, and 93.74% mean accuracy for 6 common arrhythmias. Results from the hidden dataset demonstrate the performance of our approach exceeds that of cardiologists. Our approach also highlights the diagnostic process.

Conclusions

Our diagnosis system has superior diagnostic performance over that of clinicians. It also has the potential to help clinicians rapidly identify abnormal regions on ECG recordings, thus improving efficiency and accuracy of clinical ECG diagnosis in China. This approach could therefore potentially improve the productivity of out-of-hospital ECG diagnosis and provides a promising prospect for telemedicine.
Why do people not prepare for disasters? A national survey from China
Authors: Han Ziqiang , Wu Guochun
Published: February 2024

Limited studies investigated the reasons for not adopting specific preparedness actions. This paper addresses this gap using national survey data from China. Seven disaster preparedness actions are used to measure preparedness behaviors, including “preparing food and water at home,” “paying attention to disaster-related information,” “making emergency plans,” “being aware of nearest shelters,” “being aware of building codes,” “participating in exercises or drills,” and “volunteering for emergencies.” The primary reasons for not adopting are “lack of awareness,” “not knowing where to buy or reach resources,” and “perceiving the action as unnecessary.” Other less chosen reasons ranking from high to low are the “financial cost,” “need for special knowledge,” “lack of time,” “need for collaboration with others,” “human energy consuming,” and “not feeling responsible.” Trust in government, relocation due to disasters, living in urban areas, and higher socioeconomic status are positively correlated with higher probabilities of adopting all seven preparedness activities. These findings emphasize the importance of community outreach by emergency management professionals to increase public awareness of disaster preparedness.
Featuring long-lifetime deep-red emitting iridiumIII complexes with high colour purity: insights into the excited state dynamics from spectroscopic and theoretical perspectives
Authors: Silva Renan C. , Canisares Felipe S. M. , Saraiva Leonardo F. , Pires Ana M. , Lima Sergio A. M.
Published: February 2024

Insights into 3LC–1,3MLCT hybrid excited state mixture from spectroscopic and theoretical perspectives of deep-red-emitting IrIII complexes.
Functional UiO-66 for highly selective adsorption of N-nitrosodipropylamine: adsorption performance and mechanisms
Authors: Chen Jinfeng , Yao Ning , Tang Yi , Xie Letian , Zhuo Xiong , Jiang Zhuwu
Published: February 2024

Two functional Zr-MOF adsorbents were fabricated to eliminate NDPA in low concentrations. The mechanism of NDPA removal from water by functional adsorbents was comprehensively expounded from multiple perspectives.
Highly energetic N-cyano-substituted CL-20 analogues: challenging the stability limits of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes
Authors: Parakhin Vladimir V. , Pokhvisneva Galina V. , Shlykova Nina I. , Samigullina Aida I. , Nikitin Sergei V. , Smirnov Gennady A. , Gordeev Pavel B. , Kon'kova Tatyana S. , Lempert David B. , Pivkina Alla N.
Published: February 2024

Novel energetic cyano derivatives of polynitro hexaazaisowurtzitanes surpass the benchmark CL-20 in energy content, as well as frictional and thermal stability.
Unraveling the role of internal–external metal substitution in Zn3[Co(CN6)]2 for the styrene oxide–CO2 cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Del Angel-Gómez Erik J. , Reséndiz-Hernández Omar , Vega-Moreno Jesús , Morelos-Santos Oscar , Lemus-Santana Adela , Portales-Martínez Benjamín
Published: February 2024

We investigated the influence of the structural and textural properties along with the chemical environment of Zn3[Co(CN)6]2, Cd and Fe modified phases on the catalytic performance in the cycloaddition reaction between styrene oxide and CO2.
A colorimetric assay adapted to fragment screening revealing aurones and chalcones as new arginase inhibitors
Authors: Muller Jason , Marchisio Luca , Attia Rym , Zedet Andy , Maradan Robin , Vallet Maxence , Aebischer Alison , Harakat Dominique , Senejoux François , Ramseyer Christophe , Foley Sarah , Cardey Bruno , Girard Corine , Pudlo Marc
Published: February 2024

Three colorimetric assays were investigated, and the selected one was applied to the screening of a library of metal chelator fragments. One of the hits was optimised to give the polyphenolic chalcone 21a with an IC50 value of 91.1 μM.
Atomically dispersed Fe/Co–N–C and their composites for proton exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Meng Yu , An Jiaxing , Hou Peng-Xiang , Liu Chang , Li Jin-Cheng
Published: February 2024

Atomically dispersed Fe/Co–N–C and their composites for fuel cells.
Hydrogen peroxide assisted synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticles from teak leaves for dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Roy Arup Kumer , Ghann William , Rabi Saswata , Barua Jackson , Majumder Sumit , Amin Ruhul , Ziaul Hyder M. K. Mohammad , Uddin Jamal
Published: February 2024

Fluorescent carbon nanoparticles (FCNs) have emerged as promising sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) owing to their unique optical properties and low-cost fabrication.
Recognition of arylmethylidene derivatives of imidazothiazolotriazinones as novel tubulin polymerization inhibitors
Authors: Izmest'ev Alexei N. , Svirshchevskaya Elena V. , Akopov Sergey B. , Kravchenko Angelina N. , Gazieva Galina A.
Published: February 2024

Twelve compounds (2e, 2f, 2j, 2k, and 2m–2t) with GI50 values against cancer cells in the nanomolar range were found. Compound 2n blocked tubilin polymerization in the same way as colchicine and induced arrest at the G2/M phase of the cell cycle.
Progesterone inhibits endometrial cancer growth by inhibiting glutamine metabolism through ASCT2
Authors: Guo Jinqiu , Fan Jianhui , Zhang Yaru , Li Mengyue , Jin Zeen , Shang Yuhong , Zhang Hongshuo , Kong Ying
Published: February 2024

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is a common malignancy that originates from the endometrium and grows in the female reproductive system. Surgeries, as current treatments for cancer, however, cannot meet the fertility needs of young women patients. Thus, progesterone (P4) therapy is indispensable due to its effective temporary preservation of female fertility. Many cancer cells are often accompanied by changes in metabolic phenotypes, and abnormally dependent on the amino acid glutamine. However, whether P4 exerts an effect on EC via glutamine metabolism is unknown. In the present study, we found that P4 could inhibit glutamine metabolism in EC cells and down-regulate the expression of the glutamine transporter ASCT2. This regulation of ASCT2 affects the uptake of glutamine. Furthermore, the in vivo xenograft studies showed that P4 inhibited tumor growth and the expression of key enzymes involved in glutamine metabolism. Our study demonstrated that the direct regulation of glutamine metabolism by P4 and its anticancer effect was mediated through the inhibition of ASCT2. These results provide a mechanism underlying the effects of P4 therapy on EC from the perspective of glutamine metabolism.
New method for estimating molecular cloud distances based on Gaia, 2MASS, and the TRILEGAL galaxy model
Authors: Mei Juan , Chen Zhiwei , Jiang Zhibo , Zheng Sheng , Feng Haoran
Published: February 2024

We propose a new method for estimating the distances of molecular clouds traced by CO line emission. Stars from 2MASS and Gaia EDR3 are selected as on-cloud stars when they are projected on a cloud. The background on-cloud stars have redder colors on average than the foreground stars. Instead of searching for stars projected away from the cloud, we employed the TRILEGA galaxy model to mimic the stellar population without cloud extinction along the sightline toward the cloud. Our method does not require an exact boundary of a cloud. The boundaries are highly variable and depend on the sensitivity of the molecular line data. For each cloud, we compared the distributions of on-cloud stars to the TRILEGAL stellar populations in the diagram of J−Ks color versus distance. The intrinsic J−Ks colors of main-sequence and evolved stars from TRILEGAL were considered separately, and they were used as the baseline for subtracting the observed J−Ks colors. The baseline-corrected J−Ks color was deployed with the Bayesian analysis and Markov chain Monte Carlo sampling to determine the distance at which the J−Ks color jump is largest. This method was successfully applied to measure the distances of 27 molecular clouds, which were selected from previously published cloud samples. By replacing TRILEGAL with the GALAXIA galaxy model, we were able to measure the distances for 21 of the 27 clouds. The distances of the 21 clouds based on the GALAXIA model agree well with those based on the TRILEGAL model. The distances of the 27 clouds estimated by this method are consistent with previous estimates. We will apply this new method to a larger region of the gaseous galactic plane, in particular, for the inner galactic region, where a region free of CO emission is hard to separate from the crowded field of clouds.
Spectral variations within solar flare ribbons
Authors: Pietrow A. G. M. , Druett M. K. , Singh V.
Published: February 2024

Context.Solar flare ribbons are intense brightenings of primarily chromospheric material that are responsible for a large fraction of the chromospheric emission in solar and stellar flares. We present an on-disc observation of flare ribbon substructures in an X9.3-class flare observed by the Swedish 1-m Solar Telescope.

Aims.We aim to identify categories of ribbon substructures seen in the Ca II8542 Å, Hα, and Ca IIK lines, focusing on their spatial locations and their (spectro-)polarimetric properties.

Methods.We used COlor COllapsed Plotting (COCOPLOT) software to assist in identifying areas of interest.

Results.We present five categories of spectral profiles within the general body of the flare ribbon: (1) extremely broadened spectral line profiles, where the standard Fabry–Perot interferometer wavelength windows (≈70 km s−1) are not sufficiently wide to allow for a complete analysis of the dynamics and atmospheric conditions. The mechanisms causing this degree of this broadening are not yet clearly understood; (2) long-lived, dense kernels that manifest as more saturated chromospheric line profiles with lower signal in both Stokes parameters. They are interpreted as footpoints of bunched magnetic field loops, whose chromospheric lines form at greater heights than the nearby areas; (3) Doppler-shifted leading edges of the flare ribbon in regions that transiently display lower Stokes signals due to the emission dominating at greater heights in the atmosphere; (4) condensed coronal rain overlapping the flare ribbons in the line of sight, producing exceptionally high Doppler shifts near the footpoints; and (5) compact blueshifted areas close to areas with coronal rain down-flows, which are understood to be material that has been thrown up as a result of the down-flowing material impacting the chromosphere. Additionally, a ribbon formation height of about 700 km with respect to penumbral features is estimated using correlating structures on the ribbon and the underlying photosphere.

Conclusions.When selecting areas of the flare ribbon for more general analysis (especially small regions consisting of a few pixels or low-resolution averages), it is important to be aware of the variety of substructures present within a flare ribbon and of the spatial context that can produce these differences. General behaviors across the ribbon should not be inferred from regions that show localized differences.
Four new eclipsing accreting ultracompact white dwarf binaries found with the Zwicky Transient Facility
Authors: Khalil J. M. , van Roestel J. , Bellm E. C. , Bloom J. S. , Dekany R. , Drake A. J. , Graham M. J. , Groom S. L. , Kulkarni S. R. , Laher R. R. , Mahabal A. A. , Prince T. , Riddle R.
Published: February 2024

Context. Accreting ultracompact white dwarf binaries contain a white dwarf that is accreting from a degenerate object. They have orbital periods shorter than 65 min.

Aims. We report the discovery and the orbital period of four new eclipsing accreting ultracompact white dwarf binaries found using the Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) and discuss their photometric properties.

Methods. We searched through a list of 4171 dwarf novae compiled using the ZTF and used the box least square method to search for periodic signals in the data.

Results. We found four eclipsing accreting ultracompact binaries with orbital periods between 25.9 and 56 min. One had previously been published as an AM Canum Venaticorum (AM CVn), and the other three systems are new discoveries. The two shorter-period systems are likely also AM CVn systems, while the longest-period system, with a period of 56 min, showed multiple super-outbursts over two years, which is more consistent with it being a helium CV.
Policy gradient methods for discrete time linear quadratic regulator with random parameters
Authors: Li Deyue
Published: February 2024

This paper studies an infinite horizon optimal control problem for discrete-time linear system and quadratic criteria, both with random parameters which are independent and identically distributed with respect to time. In this general setting, we apply the policy gradient method, a reinforcement learning technique, to search for the optimal control without requiring knowledge of statistical information of the parameters. We investigate the sub-Gaussianity of the state process and establish global linear convergence guarantee for this approach based on assumptions that are weaker and easier to verify compared to existing results. Numerical experiments are presented to illustrate our result.
Unique continuation and observability for a semi-linear parabolic system
Authors: Zheng Guojie , Wang Taige
Published: February 2024

This article is concerned with the unique continuation and observability of a semi-linear parabolic system in a bounded domain Ω with homogeneous Dirichlet boundary conditions. We first study the existence and uniqueness of the L∞-solution to the system when the initial value belongs to L∞(Ω)2. We then build up some observation estimates for this system. As a consequence, we can conclude if two solutions are equal over a nonempty open subset ω ⊂ Ω at some time T > 0, then they coincide over Ω × [0, T].
Tailoring second harmonic emission by ZnO nanostructures: Enhancement of directionality
Authors: Petronijevic Emilija , Sibilia Concita
Published: February 2024

Tailoring nonlinear optical properties at the nanoscale is a hot topic in nowadays nanophotonics, promising for applications spanning from sensing to ultrafast optical communications. Here we present a numerical approach of designing a simple semiconductor nanostructure able to tailor second harmonic emission in the near- and far-field. We start from linear simulations of ZnO nanospheres, which reveal multipolar nature of the scattering. Next, we show how the same nanospheres, with radii in 30–130 nm range, excited at 800 nm, manipulate the directivity of the emitted second harmonic. We observe that the nanospheres which exhibit Kerker condition at 400 nm, emit the second harmonic field in the forward direction. We further investigate how the asymmetry (ellipsoid geometry) tailors the second harmonic directivity. We finally introduce geometry with low chiro-optical response, and observe that the second harmonic far-field depends on the handedness of the light exciting the nanostructure at 800 nm.
Navigating uncertainty: public diplomacy vs. AI
Authors: Di Martino Luigi , Ford Heather
Published: February 2024

Some have heralded generative AI models as an opportunity to inform diplomacy and support diplomats’ communication campaigns. Others have argued that generative AI is inherently untrustworthy because it simply manages probabilities and doesn’t consider the truth value of statements. In this article, we examine how AI applications are built to smooth over uncertainty by providing a single answer among multiple possible answers and by presenting information in a tone and form that demands authority. We contrast this with the practices of public diplomacy professionals who must grapple with both epistemic and aleatory uncertainty head on to effectively manage complexities through negotiation. We argue that the rise of generative AI and its “operationalization of truth” invites us to reflect on the possible shortcoming of AI’s application to public diplomacy practices and to recognize how prominent uncertainty is in public diplomacy practices.
Human extreme heat protective behaviours: the effects of physical risks, psychological perception, and public measures
Authors: Li Jiayan , Sun Ranhao , Li Jialei , Ma Yongfu , Zhang Meng , Chen Liding
Published: February 2024

Individual actions can mitigate the consequences of extreme heat. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of protective behaviours against extreme heat is critical. Although extreme heat protective behaviours have been widely mentioned, the roles of psychological risk perception and public restraint are poorly understood. In this study, we developed a physical-measure-psychosocial model (PMP) to reveal the intrinsic motivation for protective behaviours during extreme heat based on a nationwide survey in China (n = 1791). The results showed that (1) high levels of physical risk perception promote outdoor, indoor, and traffic protective behaviours. Psychological risk perception is positively associated with outdoor and indoor protective behaviours but is not significantly associated with traffic protective behaviour. (2) There are differences in the main paths from heat exposure to outdoor, indoor, and traffic protective behaviours. The indirect effect controlled by physical risk is the main path from exposure to outdoor and traffic protective behaviours, while the direct effect of heat exposure is the strongest pathway for indoor protective behaviour. (3) Enhanced facility conditions are linked to reduced physical risk and psychological risk perception. Subsidies have a significant effect on traffic protective behaviour, and warnings significantly affect outdoor protective behaviour. The direct effect of warning systems on outdoor protective behaviour is greater than the indirect effect mediated by psychological risk perception. (4) Multigroup analysis based on structural equation models revealed a certain degree of robustness among the different gender, age, education level, and income level groups. This study enables us to understand the underlying mechanisms of extreme heat behaviours and support policy-makers in effective mitigation practices.
Salient sociophonetic features, stereotypes, and attitudes toward Jazani Arabic
Authors: Ruthan Mohammed Q.
Published: February 2024

Far more attention has been paid to attitudes toward Standard Arabic than colloquial varieties, especially Jazani Arabic. This study aimed to identify Saudis’ stereotypes, beliefs, and attitudes toward Jazani, as well as salient sociophonetic features that might have an impact on those attitudes. An additional goal was to determine whether Saudi speakers of other dialects could identify Jazani. The study asked the following questions. Can speakers of different Saudi dialects identify Jazani speakers from sociophonetic input alone? What are Saudi speakers’ attitudes toward Jazani Arabic? What are the salient sociophonetic features of Jazani Arabic? A total of 183 Saudi Arabic speakers participated in an online attitudinal survey. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted on the collected data. Findings showed that respondents could identify the speakers as Jazanis based solely on sociophonetic characteristics. Non-emphatic /r/ and word-initial consonant clusters were pointed out as salient features of Jazani Arabic. In addition, participants’ responses included general impressions, cultural associations, and social status. Overall, speakers of other Saudi dialects had more positive attitudes than Najdi speakers, who held more negative attitudes toward Jazani speakers. The results reflected the social stratification in Saudi Arabia and confirmed beliefs, stereotypical views, and misrepresentations of Jazani speakers’ social status.
Implications of media reports of crime for public trust and social support: a conceptual analysis of individuals’ psychological wellbeing
Authors: Şahinoğlu Belkıs , Saygılı Neriman , Muhtaroğulları Ayşe , Sinal Aysin
Published: February 2024

Crime reporting influences the public regardless of its source (traditional or social media outlets). In this regard, the current research focuses on crime reports in Northern Cyprus, a small society, where individual psychological and social aspects can be influenced by media content. Specifically the effects of media on public trust, presumption of innocence, psychological wellbeing and social support are addressed through a qualitative approach. In this study, a mixed methodology of content and discourse analysis determined the negative coverage of crime through the existence of unethical principles among 507 articles from different media outlets. Furthermore, a thematic network approach was used to analyse semi-structured interviews, in which 38 individuals provided in-depth data about their personal experiences and emotions regarding media publication. Results showed how the influence of media coverage of crime can extend to affect the psychological well-being and social relationships of those individuals involved, particularly concerning anxiety, public trust, and social support. These effects can be further amplified due to the increased stress and anxiety felt among the public during the COVID-19 pandemic, ongoing at the time of the interviews. This research can provide a better understanding of media and its influence on trust and support during uncertain times. Hence, both scholars and practitioners can benefit from the current findings.
Scale effect of micro ribs on the turbulent transport in an internal cooling channel
Authors: Zheng Shao-Fei , Qiu Yu-Ping , Zhang Yi , Gao Shu-Rong , Yang Yan-Ru , Li Hai-Wang , Sunden Bengt , Wang Xiao-Dong
Published: February 2024

Owing to the limited supply and pressure margin in the air system, a cooling technique providing efficient heat transfer with lower flow loss is highly desirable for gas turbine blades. Microscale ribs have promised to be a potential cooling candidate. In this work, large eddy simulations are implemented to reveal the scale effect of micro ribs on the near-wall turbulent transport in a cooling channel. Considering a mechanistic study and practical applications, both single-rib and rib-array arrangements are studied with a wide range of dimensionless viscous-scaled rib heights involving the entire boundary layer. The results indicate that the rib-induced destruction and regeneration of coherent structures are, respectively, responsible for the weakened momentum transport and enhanced heat transport in the near-wall region. Using tiny ribs, regenerated quasi-streamwise vortices are mainly located in the buffer layer. The resulting turbulence burst greatly enhances wall heat transfer while keeping a lower flow loss due to the weak form drag. Regenerated hairpin vortices using tall ribs are activated in the log-law layer and intensively interact with mainstream. Along with improved wall heat transfer, the significant form drag results in a remarkably high flow loss. Accordingly, heat transfer and flow loss show different dependencies on the rib height, which contributes to an optimum height interval of ribs (e+ = 20–40) located in the high buffer and low log-law layer for maximizing the overall performance. Furthermore, for the rib-array scheme, adequate inter-rib spacing is essential to achieve turbulence regeneration for enhancing near-wall heat transport.
Theoretical and experimental investigation of a bubble collapsing near an asymmetric hydrofoil
Authors: Shen Junwei , Li Shaowei , Wang Xiaoyu , Zhang Yuning , Xian Haizhen , Zheng Shu , Zhang Yuning
Published: February 2024

In the present paper, the restricted cavitation bubble dynamics near an asymmetric Joukowsky hydrofoil are investigated theoretically and experimentally. This investigation employs the conformal transformation, the image method, and the Kelvin impulse model, together with high-speed photographic experiments. The characteristics of bubble collapse deformation and bubble wall movement are analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively, and the spatial distributions of the liquid velocity and Kelvin impulse are revealed by theoretical predictions. The main conclusions include (1) the bubble collapse deformations can be divided into three typical cases: penetrating deformation (mostly occurs when γ<2 with γ defined as the bubble-hydrofoil dimensionless distance), triangular depression (mostly occurs when 2<γ<4), and arc-shaped depression (mostly occurs when γ>4). (2) The impulse acting on the bubble is governed by a point source and a point sink, which is dominant, and the impulse is inversely correlated with the bubble-hydrofoil distance, which corresponds to the experimental results. (3) The Kelvin impulse exhibits different distributions at the tail, head, and middle regions of the hydrofoil, and the impulse angle remains basically unchanged in the concave region of the asymmetric hydrofoils (i.e., the range of 240°<θz<350° with θz defined as the bubble position angle).
Invariant analysis, exact solutions, and conservation laws of time fractional thin liquid film equations
Authors: Ma Jinyu , Cheng Xiaoyu , Wang Lizhen
Published: February 2024

This present paper investigates Lie symmetry analysis, one-dimensional optimal system, exact solutions and conservation laws of the (2 + 1)-dimensional time fractional thin liquid film equations (TFTLFE) with Riemann–Liouville fractional derivative. Explicitly, we obtain six vector fields and the one-dimensional optimal system admitted by TFTLFE. Then, we perform the symmetry reductions with the help of Erdélyi–Kober fractional differential operator and (2 + 1)-dimensional TFTLFE is reduced into (1 + 1)-dimensional fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). Additionally, by means of compound variable transformation and the power series expansion method, the solution of reduced FPDEs is obtained and its convergence is verified. Moreover, we derive other solutions for the reduced equations taking advantage of the invariant subspace method. Furthermore, the conservation laws are also established utilizing generalized Noether's theorem. Finally, we construct the exact solution using the method of conservation laws.
NOVA1 acts as an oncogenic RNA-binding protein to regulate cholesterol homeostasis in human glioblastoma cells
Authors: Saito Yuhki , Yang Yanhong , Saito Misa , Park Christopher Y. , Funato Kosuke , Tabar Viviane , Darnell Robert B.
Published: February 2024

NOVA1 is a neuronal RNA-binding protein identified as the target antigen of a rare autoimmune disorder associated with cancer and neurological symptoms, termed paraneoplastic opsoclonus-myoclonus ataxia. Despite the strong association between NOVA1 and cancer, it has been unclear how NOVA1 function might contribute to cancer biology. In this study, we find that NOVA1 acts as an oncogenic factor in a GBM (glioblastoma multiforme) cell line established from a patient. Interestingly, NOVA1 and Argonaute (AGO) CLIP identified common 3′ untranslated region (UTR) targets, which were down-regulated in NOVA1 knockdown GBM cells, indicating a transcriptome-wide intersection of NOVA1 and AGO–microRNA (miRNA) targets regulation. NOVA1 binding to 3′UTR targets stabilized transcripts including those encoding cholesterol homeostasis related proteins. Selective inhibition of NOVA1–RNA interactions with antisense oligonucleotides disrupted GBM cancer cell fitness. The precision of our GBM CLIP studies point to both mechanism and precise RNA sequence sites to selectively inhibit oncogenic NOVA1–RNA interactions. Taken together, we find that NOVA1 is commonly overexpressed in GBM, where it can antagonize AGO2–miRNA actions and consequently up-regulates cholesterol synthesis, promoting cell viability.
Mitochondrial uncoupling proteins protect human airway epithelial ciliated cells from oxidative damage
Authors: Jain Akansha , Kim Bo Ram , Yu Wenjie , Moninger Thomas O. , Karp Philip H. , Wagner Brett A. , Welsh Michael J.
Published: February 2024

Apical cilia on epithelial cells defend the lung by propelling pathogens and particulates out of the respiratory airways. Ciliated cells produce ATP that powers cilia beating by densely grouping mitochondria just beneath the apical membrane. However, this efficient localization comes at a cost because electrons leaked during oxidative phosphorylation react with molecular oxygen to form superoxide, and thus, the cluster of mitochondria creates a hotspot for oxidant production. The relatively high oxygen concentration overlying airway epithelia further intensifies the risk of generating superoxide. Thus, airway ciliated cells face a unique challenge of producing harmful levels of oxidants. However, surprisingly, highly ciliated epithelia produce less reactive oxygen species (ROS) than epithelia with few ciliated cells. Compared to other airway cell types, ciliated cells express high levels of mitochondrial uncoupling proteins, UCP2 and UCP5. These proteins decrease mitochondrial protonmotive force and thereby reduce production of ROS. As a result, lipid peroxidation, a marker of oxidant injury, decreases. However, mitochondrial uncoupling proteins exact a price for decreasing oxidant production; they decrease the fraction of mitochondrial respiration that generates ATP. These findings indicate that ciliated cells sacrifice mitochondrial efficiency in exchange for safety from damaging oxidation. Employing uncoupling proteins to prevent oxidant production, instead of relying solely on antioxidants to decrease postproduction oxidant levels, may offer an advantage for targeting a local area of intense ROS generation.
Euramet RMO supplementary comparison low pressure air flow between 25m3/h and 400 m3/h
Authors: Wendel Thomas , Busuladžić Dr Ibrahim , Windenberger Christophe , Mickan Dr Bodo , Huu Dr Marc de
Published: February 2024

Main text

The purpose of this Supplementary Comparison (SC) for "Low Pressure Air Flow" measurement is to support the Calibration and Measurement Capabilities (CMC) of the participating National Metrology Institutes and Designated Institutes according to CIPM MRA-G-13. The outcome of this comparison should lead to 'a clear and unequivocal' comparison of measurement results between participants.

The comparison was performed over the span of one year which started in March 2021 with the determination of the volume flow rate error of the test artifact by VSL. The test artifact was shipped to each participant where they also determined the volume flow rate error in turn. At the completion by all participants, the artifact was shipped back to VSL for a final calibration to show the stability of the artifact.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
A ferromagnetic skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillator with modified edge magnetization
Authors: Luo Danyu , Yu Guoliang , Li Yan , Qiu Yang , Wang Jiawei , Zhu Mingmin , Zhou Haomiao
Published: February 2024

Magnetic skyrmion-based spin-torque nano-oscillators (STNOs) have attracted significant interest because of their potential applications as microwave signal emitters and integrability in the existing CMOS process flow. However, the stable circular motion of the skyrmion in the nanodisk is affected by the Magnus force, which can destroy and annihilate the skyrmion at the nanodisk edge, thereby limiting the application of the maximum oscillation frequency. To overcome this problem, we investigated the influence of a modified magnetized structure at the edge of the nanodisk on the oscillation dynamics of skyrmions, in which the modified magnetized profile is acquired by local modification of the magnetic material parameters, and these skyrmions can move along the tilting magnetization formatted wall. It was found that the upper threshold for steady skyrmion oscillations can be improved by approximately two times compared to the standard structure without modified edge magnetization profiles. Based on the effective field analysis, we confirmed that the spatial distribution of the tilting moment at the edge layer changed the effective field distribution and caused a non-monotonic change in the upper threshold current with the modified region width. Our results may provide an optional route for designing future skyrmion-based STNOs with better performance in the communication and computing areas.
Pressure-driven dome-shaped superconductivity in topological insulator GeBi2Te4
Authors: Liu Chenchen , Gao Yiping , Tian Can , Jiang Chuang , Zhu Chengcheng , Wu Xinyue , Huang Xiaoli , Cui Tian
Published: February 2024

The discovery of new superconductors based on topological insulators always captures special attention due to their unique structural and electronic properties. High pressure is an effective way to regulate the lattice as well as electronic states in the topological insulators, thus altering their electronic properties. Herein, we report the structural and electrical transport properties of the topological insulator GeBi2Te4 by using high-pressure techniques. The synchrotron x-ray diffraction revealed that GeBi2Te4 underwent two structural phase transitions from R-3m (phase I) to C2/m (phase II) and then into Im-3m (phase III). Superconductivity was observed at 6.6 GPa to be associated with the first structural phase transition. The superconducting transition temperature Tc
reached a maximum value of 8.4 K, accompanied by the RH
sign changing from negative to positive at 14.6 GPa, then gradually decreased with increasing pressure in phase III, showing a dome-shaped phase diagram. The present results provide a platform for understanding the interplay between the crystal structure and superconductivity by the regulation of pressure in the topological insulator materials.
Seepage prediction model of the earth-rock dam based on TCN considering rainfall lag effect
Authors: Qu Manli
Published: February 2024

Renewable energy has the highest conversion efficiency, is the most flexible in regulating peak power in the grid, and has the potential to significantly reduce emissions. Hydropower is one of the main ways to optimize power energy structure by building earth-rock dams that block water and generate electricity. Seepage is a physical quantity that characterizes the safety of earth-rock dams. Studying the intelligent prediction model of earth-rock dams is an effective means of understanding the evolution of seepage behavior, and it is also crucial for the safe operation and energy efficiency of earth-rock dams. To create a rainfall factor expression reflecting the hysteresis effect of rain, actual monitoring data of different piezoelectric tubes on the upstream and downstream sides of the soil core wall of an earth-rock dam is considered. Based on the key influencing factors of the seepage behavior of earth-rock dams, the novel temporal convolutional network (TCN) algorithm in deep learning is introduced into the seepage behavior prediction of earth-rock dams, constructing the intelligent prediction model of seepage of earth-rock dams based on TCN. The engineering example shows that the seepage prediction model of the earth-rock dam based on TCN has better prediction performance than the seepage prediction model of the earth-rock dam based on support vector regression (SVR), extreme learning machine, and long-short term memory. The determination coefficient is more significant than 0.9, and the relative error of prediction is less than 1‰. The model’s prediction accuracy is high, and the stability of the prediction performance is good. The model’s prediction performance also improves after considering the rainfall lag effect.
Enhanced control over size, areal density, and shape of substrate-supported Au and Ag nanoparticles by solid-state dewetting and alloying
Authors: Yadav Mahesh J , Aravindan S , Rao P V
Published: February 2024

The ability to manipulate the dimensions, areal density, and form of substrate-supported Au and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) is highly desirable for utilizing their plasmonic properties in biosensing, photovoltaics, and nanophotonic applications. The transformation of thin films into the substrate-supported nanostructures by solid-state dewetting (SSD), provides an avenue to manipulate the dimensional aspects of nanostructures simply and cost-effectively on a large scale. However, spontaneous agglomeration of the film produces randomly distributed and non-uniform nanostructures that must be controlled. Here, we have systematically studied the effect of annealing temperature, between 200 °C and 750 °C, on the dewetting morphology evolution of Au, Ag, and Au–Ag bilayer ultrathin films sputter deposited on the c-plane (0001) sapphire substrates. Regardless of the film thickness, Ag films dewet faster than Au films and produce spherical NPs, compared to faceted Au NPs, with broader size distribution. Whereas, by the SSD of Au–Ag bilayer ultrathin films, highly spherical and monodisperse AuAg bimetallic NPs can be fabricated. Furthermore, we have shown the possibility of fabricating the AuAg bimetallic NPs of varying compositions by adjusting the thickness of individual layers, thus enabling us to smoothly tune the spectral location of plasmonic resonance within the visible range.
Machine learning approach for proton range verification using real-time prompt gamma imaging with Compton cameras: addressing the total deposited energy information gap
Authors: Kazemi Kozani Majid
Published: February 2024

Objective. Compton camera imaging shows promise as a range verification technique in proton therapy. This work aims to assess the performance of a machine learning model in Compton camera imaging for proton beam range verification improvement. Approach. The presented approach was used to recognize Compton events and estimate more accurately the prompt gamma (PG) energy in the Compton camera to reconstruct the PGs emission profile during proton therapy. This work reports the results obtained from the Geant4 simulation for a proton beam impinging on a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) target. To validate the versatility of such an approach, the produced PG emissions interact with a scintillating fiber-based Compton camera. Main results. A trained multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network shows that it was possible to achieve a notable three-fold increase in the signal-to-total ratio. Furthermore, after event selection by the trained MLP, the loss of full-energy PGs was compensated by means of fitting an MLP energy regression model to the available data from true Compton (signal) events, predicting more precisely the total deposited energy for Compton events with incomplete energy deposition. Significance. A considerable improvement in the Compton camera’s performance was demonstrated in determining the distal falloff and identifying a few millimeters of target displacements. This approach has shown great potential for enhancing online proton range monitoring with Compton cameras in future clinical applications.
Polarization properties of E-FISH signals and optimization of simultaneous measurement of electric field vectors
Authors: Zheng Xinlei , Zhao Zheng , Zheng Haotian , Huang Zongze , Sun Zihan , Li Jiangtao
Published: February 2024

Electric field measurements based on the electric field induced second harmonic (E-FISH) method have been employed in a wide range of studies. Most studies typically measure two components of the electric field separately. Although there have been proposals for the simultaneous measurement of electric field vectors, the imbalance of the two corresponding E-FISH signals has limited its application. Furthermore, the relationship between the polarization of the E-FISH signal and the direction of external electric field remains unclear. In this paper, the general expressions for the polarization and power of both components of E-FISH signals are derived, assuming arbitrary probe beam polarization and external electric field direction. The theoretical results indicate that the polarization of E-FISH signals varies along the interaction length. The final signal’s polarization is elliptically polarized for arbitrary electric field distribution and is correlated with the polarization of the probe beam, which deviates from what is commonly assumed to be consistent with the external electric field. If the polarization of the probe beam is not parallel to the axes, the power of each signal component is determined by both components of the external electric field, which lays the foundation for the simultaneous measurement of electric field vectors. This theoretical prediction is subsequently validated by experimental results. Finally, the power maps suggest that the optimal polarization angle of the probe beam is 45° or 135° to achieve a balanced signal power when measuring an unknown electric field vector. Both components of the electric field can be simultaneously obtained according to the theoretical relationship.
Chen inequality for general warped product submanifold of Riemannian warped products
I×fSm(c)
Authors: Mofarreh Fatemah , Ali Akram
Published: February 2024

In the present paper, we investigate the geometry and topology of warped product submanifolds in Riemannian warped product

I

×

f

S

m

(
c
)

and obtain the first Chen inequality that involves extrinsic invariants like the mean curvature and the length of the warping functions. This inequality also involves intrinsic invariants (δ-invariant and sectional curvature). In addition, an integral bound is provided for the Bochner operator formula of compact warped product submanifolds in terms of the gradient Ricci curvature. Our main object is to apply geometrically to number structures and obtained applications of Dirichlet eigenvalues problems. Some new results on mean curvature vanishing are presented, and a partial solution can be found to the well-known problem given by S S Chern. The family of Riemannian warped products generalized to Robertson-Walker space-times
Artificial intelligence-based position control: reinforcement learning approach in spring mass damper systems
Authors: Demircioğlu Ufuk , Bakır Halit
Published: February 2024

This work examines the use of deep Reinforcement Learning (RL) in mass-spring system position control, providing a fresh viewpoint that goes beyond conventional control techniques. Mass-spring systems are widely used in many sectors and are basic models in control theory. The novel aspect of this approach is the thorough examination of the impact of several optimizer algorithms on the RL methodology, which reveals the optimal control tactics. The research applies a Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm for continuous action spaces, where the actor and critic networks are important components in assessing the agent’s performance. The RL agent is trained to follow a reference trajectory using the Simulink environment for system modeling. The study provides insights into the agent’s learning approach and performance optimization by evaluating the training process using force-time graphs, reward graphs, and Episode Manager charts. Furthermore, the effect of different combinations of optimizers on the control performance of the agent is examined. The outcomes highlight the importance of optimizer selection in the learning process by revealing significant variations in training times. As a result, a better understanding of the relationship between various optimizers and control performance is provided by this study’s novel application of reinforcement learning in mass-spring system control. The results raise the possibility of more potent methods for controlling complex systems and add to the expanding field of study at the interface of control theory and deep learning.
Scattering by harmonically trapped 2D quantum gas near and around the critical regime
Authors: Das Samir
Published: February 2024

In this article, we analytically explore the quantum phenomena of scattering by harmonically trapped 2D quantum gases. We show the temperature’s dependence on the differential scattering cross-section (DSC) near and around the critical transition regime for both particle and light scattering cases separately. For the particle scattering case, we consider scatterers with quantized bound motion in a harmonic trap. Our findings on the structure factor for light scattering give phase transition phenomena for 2D bosonic atoms and the thermal behavior of the system. This result has practical significance for recent experimental setups such as in situ image analysis and bosonic simulations. Finally, we show the temperature-dependent refractive index for a 2D harmonically trapped bosonic medium. This parameter is important in neutron scattering experiments.
Design and performance analysis of tri-layered strained Si/Si1–x
Ge
x
/Si heterostructure DG feedback FET
Authors: Das Subir , Kumari Tripty , Katta Sai Shirov , Singh Jawar , Tiwari Pramod Kumar
Published: February 2024

This work presents the design and performance analysis of a tri-layered strained Si/Si1−x
Ge
x
/Si heterostructure double gate feedback field-effect transistor (DG FBFET). The proposed DG FBFET is designed by introducing biaxial strain in the device by sandwiching a Si1−x
Ge
x
layer between two thin Si layers to provide high ON current as well as ultra-steep switching characteristics. The device offers a significantly high ON current (3.4 x 10−3 A/μm), high I

ON
/I

OFF
ratio (∼1010), a large memory window of 1.06 V, and an extremely low subthreshold swing (∼0.3 μ V/decade), which can be very useful for memory and neuromorphic applications. Furthermore, the ON/OFF switching of the device has been accomplished at a lower threshold voltage (0.287 V), allowing it to be utilized in low-power electronics. Synopsys TCAD tool has been used to create the device structure and analyze the electrical performances of the device.