bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mettre à contribution le vécu expérientiel des familles : l’initiative Pair Aidant Famille
Authors: Briand Catherine , St-Paul Rose-Anne , Dubé Francine
Published: November 2016

Pour soutenir le rétablissement personnel, toute personne atteinte d’un trouble mental devrait avoir accès à une gamme de pratiques recommandées par les évidences scientifiques. Le soutien et l’entraide par les pairs font partie des services recommandés par la Commission de la santé mentale du Canada pour l’allègement du fardeau économique et social que constitue la maladie mentale. Si le soutien entre les pairs aidants familles est peu documenté, le soutien et l’entraide par les pairs aidants usagers ont fait l’objet de plusieurs études. En s’appuyant sur deux études auxquelles elle a participé, traitant des besoins des familles, et sur son expérience d’organisme de soutien aux familles, la Société québécoise de la schizophrénie (SQS) a réfléchi au problème de soutien des familles dès leur entrée dans le réseau ainsi qu’à la mise à contribution du soutien par les pairs. Cet article présente le projet pilote d’implantation de l’intervention Pair Aidant Famille issu de la collaboration entre la SQS et l’Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal ainsi que les enjeux et recommandations de la première année d’implantation. Les enjeux concernent la circulation et diffusion de l’information, la compréhension du rôle du pair aidant famille, le partage de l’information personnelle et clinique, le positionnement du pair aidant famille au sein de l’équipe, le processus de changement de pratique et la protection du pair aidant famille. À l’issue de cette analyse, des recommandations sont émises. Ce projet permet de réaffirmer la nécessité de soutenir et d’impliquer les familles dans le processus de soins et services.
НУМЕРИЧКИ ЕТАЛОНИ КАРИОТИПОВА ERINACEUS EUROPAEUS ROUMANICUS
Authors: Павловић Боро П.
Published: November 2016

Мјерени су хромозоми на публикованим кариотиповима мужјака и женке подврстеErinaceus europaeus roumanicus (Folio 53 in An atlas of mammalian chromosomes, eds. Hsu,Benirschcke, 1968). Подаци су кориштени за кариометријску анализу представљену са два скупатабела – нумерички еталони кариотипова. Однос дужина (W) најдужег и најкраћег хромозома укариотипу мужјака (W=7,1236) већи је него у кариотипу женке (W=4,9459). Индексицентромерних оптерећења (H) у кариотипу мужјака опадају од H1=1,8951 до H48=0,2660 (Y-хромозом није најкраћи), а у кариотипу женке од H1=1,5087 до H48=0,3050. Јединичне индексневриједности (H=l) лоциране су између H24 и H25 (мужјак), или H23 и H24 (женка). Пропорциједугокракости кариотипова биле су PL=0,6744 (мужјак) и PL =0,6469 (женка). Корелације дужинасестринских хроматида у кариотипу су високе, мужјак r=0,987 и ρ=0,985, женка r=0,973 и ρ=0,959.Компоненте варијације H-индекса (мужјак sH=0,621 и женка sH=0,453) су веће него за дугекракове, L-индекси (мужјак sL=0,473 и женка sL=0,309), или за кратке кракове, K-индекси (мужјакsK=0,252 и женка sK=0,241). Симулације делеција, свих кратких, или свих дугих кракова, резултиралесу порастом износа одговарајућих компоненти варијације, као и у симулацијама центричних фисија свих хромозома.
LUMBRICUS RUBELLUS – ЕФЕКAТ НА БИОРЕМЕДИЈАЦИЈУ ЗЕМЉИШТА КОНТАМИНОВАНОГ ПЕНДИМЕТАЛИНОМ
Authors: Милуновић Игор , Радовић Ивица , Тркуља Војислав , Лубарда Биљана
Published: November 2016

Данас је у употреби велики број метода за ремедијацију контаминованих земљишта. Осиммеханичког и хемијског начина пречишћавања земљишта, врло често се користе живи организми(биљке, животиње, микроорганизми) у процесу ремедијације земљишта. Циљ овог рада је био дасе утврди у ком проценту врста Lumbricus rubellus утиче на биоремедијацијске процесе, односноњихов утицај на „чишћење” земљишног супстрата контаминованог хербицидом Stomp 330 E. Каоземљишни супстрат коришћен је вјештачки супстрат који је припремљен према препоруци изстандарда ISO 17512-1. Састојао се од каолинске глине, кварцног пијеска и тресета упроцентуалном односу (70 : 20 : 10). Хербицид који је коришћен као контаминант је STOMP 330E, чија је активна материја пендиметалин. На основу резултата истраживања утврђено је да врстаL. rubellus има врло низак праг толеранције према пендиметалину, при чему је утврђено да јенајвећи ефекат биоремедијације забиљежен у серијама експеримента који су били контаминованиса 3 μl/kg пендиметалина. Повећањем концентрације контаминанта за свега 2 μl/kg, ефекатбиоремедијације се смањује за 12,44%, а при повећању за 4 μl/kg, чак за 31,71%.
УТИЦАЈ ЗАСТУПЉЕНОСТИ ЕКОЛОГИЈЕ У НАСТАВИ НА РАЗВОЈ ЕКОЛОШКЕ СВИЈЕСТИ
Authors: Јањић Нина , Шњегота Тања , Егић Ивана
Published: November 2016

Васпитање и образовање у области екологије чини неопходан фактор друштвенихпроцеса. Циљ нашег рада био је да обухватимо све модалитете развоја еколошке свијести.Примарни задаци истраживања су: анализа наставних планова и програма у основним и средњимшколама у Републици Српској, анализа наставног плана и програма екологије, временскеартикулације и ситуираности у цјелокупном систему образовања, те испитивање перцепцијеекологије студената Студијског програма eкологија и заштите животне средине, Природно-математичког факултета, Универзитета у Бањој Луци. Техника која је кориштена у рјешавањупоследњег задатка јесте анкетирање студената наведеног студијског програма. Резултатиспроведеног истраживања су потврдили хипотезу, коју смо поставили непосредно прије самогистраживања, а то је: ”Еколошка свијест је на ниском нивоу и погрешно перципирана”.Мишљења смо да су резултати овог истраживања алармантни. Већу пажњу потребно је посветитиразвоју еколошке свијести, и то почевши од основношколског образовања, како би еколошкапросвјећеност грађана била на вишем нивоу, а наставни кадар довољно компетентан да се бавиовим проблемом.
NEW RECORD OF NEVRORTHIDAE (NEUROPTERA; NEUROPTERIDA) FROM SERBIA
Authors: Марковић Вања , Илић Марија , Раковић Маја , Пауновић Момир
Published: November 2016

Nevrorthidae is an old and peculiar family of Neuroptera considered as “living fossil” withimmanent phylogenetic importance. Unlike most other neuropteran families, the nevrorthids haveaquatic larvae, which prefer clean mountain rivulets. They also pupate under water, and adults couldbe found in the vegetation along these rivulets. Four genera with highly disjunct distribution arepresent. The European genus, Nevrorthus Costa, 1863 has four (or five) vicariant species, and it isconsidered as Mediterranean faunistical element. The species Nevrorthus apatelios H. Aspock, U.Aspock & Holzel, 1977 has the widest distribution and it is regarded as balkanopontomediterraneanelement. In Serbia, including Kosovo and Metohia there were only a few reported findings ofnevrorthids, namely N. apatelios, and the most recent was back from 1986. During our research on theslopes of the Stara Planina Mountain, near the city of Pirot (southeastern Serbia), one nevrorthidlarvae was found in the August 20, 2013 in the Dojkinci River. Due to lack of available taxonomickeys for larval nevrorthids, this specimen could not be identified to lower taxonomic level. Bearing inmind biogeography of this group and genus, it could be reasonable to assume that found larvalspecimen belongs to species N. apatelios. Nevertheless, this finding represents, beside a new localityof this rare taxon, also the only recent (XXI century) report regarding its presence in Serbia.Key words: Nevrorthidae, new locality, recent findings, Dojkinci River, Serbia
ЗООБЕНТОС САНЕ И ГОМЈЕНИЦЕ НА УШЋУ У САНУ
Authors: Павловић Невенка , Ђаковић Драган , Дмитровић Дејан
Published: November 2016

У раду је презентовано истраживање узорака зообентоса на ушћу Гомјенице у Сану, теузорака зообентоса Сане узводно и низводно од ушћа Гомјенице. Циљ рада је био да се упоредебиоценотички спектри наведених локалитета и утврде међусобни утицаји на успостављањабиоценотичких састава у контактном подручју ових текућица. Супротно очекивању,притицањем Гомјенице смањује се број таксона и бројност насеља бентоса у Сани послијеушћа, што се објашњава разликама улазних биоценотичких састава и антропгенимактивностима.
УТИЦАЈ НЕКИХ АЕРОПОЛУТАНАТА НА СТОМИН АПАРАТ ДИВЉЕГ КЕСТЕНА (AESCULUS HIPPOCASTANUM L.) НА ПОДРУЧЈУ БАЊЕ ЛУКЕ
Authors: Јањић Нина , Максимовић Тања , Болтић Дијана
Published: November 2016

У посљедње вријеме све су чешће промјене у саставу атмосфере које изазивају штетнеали и дугорочне ефекте и остављају озбиљне посљедице на биљке као и друга жива бића. Једнаод најважнијих таквих промјена јесу оне које су везане за функционисање стоминог ифотосинтетичког апарата. Стога је и циљ овог рада био да се испита утицај појединихполутаната (SO2, NOx,O3, чађи) на број и величину стоминих ћелија код Aesculus hippocastanumL. (дивљег кестена) на четири локалитета на подручју града Бања Лука. Број стома на јединицулисне површне узетих из спољашњег дијела крошње у просјеку је био већи од броја стома налистовима узетих из унутрашњег дијела. При томе је највећи број стома утврђен на локалитетуБањ брдо а најмањи на подручју Паприковца. Величина стома код испитиване врсте износила јеу просјеку 28-33 μm, при чему су веће стоме пронађене на листовима узетих из унутрашњегдијела круне. Добијени резултати указују нам на одређене промјене изазване загађујућимматеријама у односу на особине стоминог апарата код Aesculus hippocastanum L.
УТИЦАЈ САЛИНИТЕТА НА МОРФОЛОГИЈУ РАЗВОЈНИХ ФОРМИ ARTEMIA SALINA (BRANCHIOPODA: ANOSTRACA)
Authors: Лукач Милица , Билбија Бранка
Published: November 2016

Artemia salina (Leach, 1819) настањује углавном слана језера и карактеристична је потоме шта може да толерише велике варијације салинитета. Анализиране су 139 јединкеразличитих развојних форми (77 метанауплиуса и 62 јединкe форме касног инстара) са циљемда се утврди утицај различитих концентрација соли на морфометријске карактере. Параметрикоји су праћени код развојних форми су: тотална дужина (ТL), ширина науплиусовог ока(WNE), дужина науплиусовог ока (LNE) код метанауплиуса, као и tотална дужина (ТL), дужинаабдомена (АL), ширина главе (WH), дијаметар сложеног ока (DY) и максимална дистанцаизмеђу очију (DBE) код касног инстара. Истраживање је спроведено у лабораторијскимусловима, при чему су јаја врсте Artemia salina узгајана у срединама са три различитасалинитета. При томе су праћени и физичко-хемијски параметри воде (температура,концентрација кисеоника и сатурација кисеоника). Статистичка обрада резултата (примјеном t-теста) показала је значајна одступања у смањеној и контролној групи и то код метанауплуса заТL и LWE, и код касног инстара за WH и DY (p <0,05).
Structural basis for the recognition of spliceosomal SmN/B/B’ proteins by the RBM5 OCRE domain in splicing regulation
Authors: Mourão André , Bonnal Sophie , Soni Komal , Warner Lisa , Bordonné Rémy , Valcárcel Juan , Sattler Michael
Published: November 2016

The multi-domain splicing factor RBM5 regulates the balance between antagonistic isoforms of the apoptosis-control genes FAS/CD95, Caspase-2 and AID. An OCRE (OCtamer REpeat of aromatic residues) domain found in RBM5 is important for alternative splicing regulation and mediates interactions with components of the U4/U6.U5 tri-snRNP. We show that the RBM5 OCRE domain adopts a unique β–sheet fold. NMR and biochemical experiments demonstrate that the OCRE domain directly binds to the proline-rich C-terminal tail of the essential snRNP core proteins SmN/B/B’. The NMR structure of an OCRE-SmN peptide complex reveals a specific recognition of poly-proline helical motifs in SmN/B/B’. Mutation of conserved aromatic residues impairs binding to the Sm proteins in vitro and compromises RBM5-mediated alternative splicing regulation of FAS/CD95. Thus, RBM5 OCRE represents a poly-proline recognition domain that mediates critical interactions with the C-terminal tail of the spliceosomal SmN/B/B’ proteins in FAS/CD95 alternative splicing regulation.
Satb2 determines miRNA expression and long-term memory in the adult central nervous system
Authors: Jaitner Clemens , Reddy Chethan , Abentung Andreas , Whittle Nigel , Rieder Dietmar , Delekate Andrea , Korte Martin , Jain Gaurav , Fischer Andre , Sananbenesi Farahnaz , Cera Isabella , Singewald Nicolas , Dechant Georg , Apostolova Galina
Published: November 2016

SATB2 is a risk locus for schizophrenia and encodes a DNA-binding protein that regulates higher-order chromatin configuration. In the adult brain Satb2 is almost exclusively expressed in pyramidal neurons of two brain regions important for memory formation, the cerebral cortex and the CA1-hippocampal field. Here we show that Satb2 is required for key hippocampal functions since deletion of Satb2 from the adult mouse forebrain prevents the stabilization of synaptic long-term potentiation and markedly impairs long-term fear and object discrimination memory. At the molecular level, we find that synaptic activity and BDNF up-regulate Satb2, which itself binds to the promoters of coding and non-coding genes. Satb2 controls the hippocampal levels of a large cohort of miRNAs, many of which are implicated in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. Together, our findings demonstrate that Satb2 is critically involved in long-term plasticity processes in the adult forebrain that underlie the consolidation and stabilization of context-linked memory.
Mechanism of allosteric regulation of β2-adrenergic receptor by cholesterol
Authors: Manna Moutusi , Niemelä Miia , Tynkkynen Joona , Javanainen Matti , Kulig Waldemar , Müller Daniel J , Rog Tomasz , Vattulainen Ilpo
Published: November 2016

There is evidence that lipids can be allosteric regulators of membrane protein structure and activation. However, there are no data showing how exactly the regulation emerges from specific lipid-protein interactions. Here we show in atomistic detail how the human β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) – a prototypical G protein-coupled receptor – is modulated by cholesterol in an allosteric fashion. Extensive atomistic simulations show that cholesterol regulates β2AR by limiting its conformational variability. The mechanism of action is based on the binding of cholesterol at specific high-affinity sites located near the transmembrane helices 5–7 of the receptor. The alternative mechanism, where the β2AR conformation would be modulated by membrane-mediated interactions, plays only a minor role. Cholesterol analogues also bind to cholesterol binding sites and impede the structural flexibility of β2AR, however cholesterol generates the strongest effect. The results highlight the capacity of lipids to regulate the conformation of membrane receptors through specific interactions.
Oral transfer of chemical cues, growth proteins and hormones in social insects
Authors: LeBoeuf Adria C , Waridel Patrice , Brent Colin S , Gonçalves Andre N , Menin Laure , Ortiz Daniel , Riba-Grognuz Oksana , Koto Akiko , Soares Zamira G , Privman Eyal , Miska Eric A , Benton Richard , Keller Laurent
Published: November 2016

Social insects frequently engage in oral fluid exchange – trophallaxis – between adults, and between adults and larvae. Although trophallaxis is widely considered a food-sharing mechanism, we hypothesized that endogenous components of this fluid might underlie a novel means of chemical communication between colony members. Through protein and small-molecule mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, we found that trophallactic fluid in the ant Camponotus floridanus contains a set of specific digestion- and non-digestion related proteins, as well as hydrocarbons, microRNAs, and a key developmental regulator, juvenile hormone. When C. floridanus workers’ food was supplemented with this hormone, the larvae they reared via trophallaxis were twice as likely to complete metamorphosis and became larger workers. Comparison of trophallactic fluid proteins across social insect species revealed that many are regulators of growth, development and behavioral maturation. These results suggest that trophallaxis plays previously unsuspected roles in communication and enables communal control of colony phenotypes.
Electrically switchable Fresnel lenses in polymer-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals
Authors: Yeh Hui-Chen , Ke Ming-Wei , Liu Yu-Mei
Published: November 2016

In this study, we demonstrate the fabrication of an electrically switchable Fresnel lens based on surface-stabilized ferroelectric liquid crystals (SSFLCs) with polymer networks. The Fresnel lens was fabricated by injecting a monomer-doped ferroelectric liquid crystal into an extremely thin cell and exposing the cell to ultraviolet light through a Fresnel-zone-plate mask. The fabricated Fresnel lens consisted of the SSFLC and polymer-stabilized SSFLC structures. The focusing effect can be switched on by applying an appropriate voltage, and the characteristics of FLCs enable a rapid response on the order of milliseconds.
Flexible ureteroscopy for renal stone without preoperative ureteral stenting shows good prognosis
Authors: Zhang Jiaqiao , Xu Chuou , He Deng , Lu Yuchao , Hu Henglong , Qin Baolong , Wang Yufeng , Wang Qing , Li Cong , Wang Shaogang , Liu Jihong
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To clarify the outcome of flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) for management of renal calculi without preoperative stenting.

Methods

A total of 171 patients who received 176 fURS procedures for unilateral renal stones were reviewed. All procedures were divided into two groups depending on whether they received ureteral stenting preoperatively. Baseline characteristics of patients, stone burden, operation time, stone-free rates, and complications were compared between both groups.

Results

Successful primary access to the renal pelvis was achieved in 104 of 114 (91.2%) patients without preoperative stenting, while all procedures with preoperative stenting (n = 62) were successfully performed. A total of 156 procedures were included for further data analysis (56 procedures in stenting group and 100 in non-stenting group). No significant differences was found regardless of a preoperative stent placement in terms of stone-free rate (73.2% with stenting vs. 71.0% without, P = 0.854), operative time (70.4 ± 32.8 with stenting vs. 70.2 ± 32.1 without, P = 0.969).

Conclusions

fURS for management of renal stone without preoperative ureteral stenting are associated with well outcome in short term follow-up. Our study may help patients and doctors to decide if an optional stent is placed or not.
Effects of arachidonic acid supplementation in maturation diet on female reproductive performance and larval quality of giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Authors: Kangpanich Chanpim , Pratoomyot Jarunan , Siranonthana Nisa , Senanan Wansuk
Published: November 2016

The giant river prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) is one of the most farmed freshwater crustaceans in the world. Its global production has been stalling in the past decade due to the inconsistent quality of broodstock and hatchery-produced seeds. A better understanding of the role of nutrition in maturation diets will help overcome some of the production challenges. Arachidonic acid (20:4 n-6, ARA) is a fatty acid precursor of signaling molecules important for crustacean reproduction, prostaglandins E and F of the series II (PGE2 and PGF2α), and is often lacking in maturation diets of shrimp and prawns. We examined the effects of ARA in a combination of different fish oil (FO) and soybean oil (SO) blends on females’ reproductive performance and larval quality. Adult females (15.22 ± 0.13 g and 11.12 ± 0.09 cm) were fed six isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets containing one of two different base compositions (A or B), supplemented with one of three levels ofMortierella alpine-derived ARA (containing 40% active ARA): 0, 1 or 2% by ingredient weight. The two base diets differed in the percentages of (FO and SO with diet A containing 2% SO and 2% FO and diet B containing 2.5% SO and 1.5% FO, resulting in differences in proportional contents of dietary linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LOA) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6n-3, DHA)). After the eight-week experiment, prawns fed diet B with 1 and 2% ARA supplement (B1 and B2) exhibited the highest gonadosomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), egg clutch weight, fecundity, hatching rate, number of larvae, and reproductive effort compared to those fed other diets (p ≤ 0.05). Larvae from these two dietary treatments also had higher tolerance to low salinity (2 ppt). The maturation period was not significantly different among most treatments (p ≥ 0.05). ARA supplementation, regardless of the base diet, significantly improved GSI, HSI, egg clutch weight and fecundity. However, the diets with an enhanced ARA and LOA (B1 and B2) resulted in the best reproductive performance, egg hatchability and larval tolerance to low salinity. These dietary treatments also allow for effective accumulation of ARA and an n-3 lcPUFA, DHA in eggs and larvae.
Disease Severity in Never Smokers, Ex‐Smokers, and Current Smokers With Axial Spondyloarthritis: Results From the Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Jones Gareth T. , Ratz Tiara , Dean Linda E. , Macfarlane Gary J. , Atzeni Fabiola
Published: November 2016

Objective

To examine the relationship between smoking, smoking cessation, and disease characteristics and quality of life (QoL) in spondyloarthritis.

Methods

The Scotland Registry for Ankylosing Spondylitis collects data from clinically diagnosed patients with spondyloarthritis. Clinical data, including Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) and the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI) scores, were obtained from medical records. Mailed questionnaires contained information on smoking status and QoL (Ankylosing Spondylitis QoL questionnaire [ASQoL]). Linear and logistic regression were used to quantify the effect of smoking, and smoking cessation, on various disease‐specific and QoL outcomes, with adjustments for age, sex, deprivation, education level, and alcohol use. Results are presented as regression coefficients (β) or odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).

Results

Data were obtained from 946 participants (73.5% male, mean age 52 years). Current smoking was reported by 22%, and 38% were ex‐smokers. Ever smokers had poorer BASDAI (β = 0.5 [95% CI 0.2, 0.9]) and BASFI scores (β = 0.8 [95% CI 0.4, 1.2]), and reported worse QoL (ASQoL β = 1.5 [95% CI 0.7, 2.3]). Compared to current smokers, ex‐smokers reported less disease activity (BASDAI β = −0.5 [95% CI −1.0, −0.04]) and significantly better QoL (ASQoL β = −1.2 [95% CI −2.3, −0.2]). They also were more likely to have a history of uveitis (OR 2.4 [95% CI 1.5, 3.8]).

Conclusion

Smokers with spondyloarthritis experience worse disease than those who are never smokers. However, this study provides new evidence that, among smokers, smoking cessation is associated with lower disease activity and better physical function and QoL. Clinicians should specifically promote smoking cessation as an adjunct to usual therapy in patients with spondyloarthritis.
Extraction of Flow Behavior and Hall–Petch Parameters Using a Nanoindentation Multiple Sharp Tip Approach
Authors: Leitner Alexander , Maier‐Kiener Verena , Kiener Daniel
Published: November 2016

An appealing idea to material scientists is to characterize the mechanical behavior of materials with minimal experimental effort while guaranteeing highly reliable results. Nanoindentation is a candidate technique to reach this objective. Though it is already a standard method to extract hardness and Young's modulus, the technique is not yet fully exploited. The authors demonstrate on the example of Ni and W, with microstructures ranging from single crystalline to nanocrystalline dimensions, how Hall–Petch parameters and flow curves can be extracted by using four pyramidal tips with varying apex angle. Applying appropriate definitions of indentation stress and strain and considering the indentation size effect, the obtained values coincidence well with literature values determined by uniaxial tests.
Sensing at the Surface of Graphene Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Fu Wangyang , Jiang Lin , van Geest Erik P. , Lima Lia M. C. , Schneider Grégory F.
Published: November 2016

Recent research trends now offer new opportunities for developing the next generations of label‐free biochemical sensors using graphene and other two‐dimensional materials. While the physics of graphene transistors operated in electrolyte is well grounded, important chemical challenges still remain to be addressed, namely the impact of the chemical functionalizations of graphene on the key electrical parameters and the sensing performances. In fact, graphene – at least ideal graphene – is highly chemically inert. The functionalizations and chemical alterations of the graphene surface – both covalently and non‐covalently – are crucial steps that define the sensitivity of graphene. The presence, reactivity, adsorption of gas and ions, proteins, DNA, cells and tissues on graphene have been successfully monitored with graphene. This review aims to unify most of the work done so far on biochemical sensing at the surface of a (chemically functionalized) graphene field‐effect transistor and the challenges that lie ahead. The authors are convinced that graphene biochemical sensors hold great promise to meet the ever‐increasing demand for sensitivity, especially looking at the recent progresses suggesting that the obstacle of Debye screening can be overcome.
Internal Alkyne Regio‐ and Chemoselectivity using a Zwitterionic N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Gold Catalyst in a Silver‐Free Alkyne Hydration Reaction
Authors: Weerasiri Kushan C. , Chen Danmin , Wozniak Derek I. , Dobereiner Graham E.
Published: November 2016

An alkyne hydration of terminal and internal alkynes is reported using a zwitterionic N‐heterocyclic carbene gold catalyst [(BNHC)Au(SMe2)] in the absence of silver and Brønsted acid additives. The hydration demonstrates good regioselectivity in alkyne hydration and chemoselectivity for internal alkynes vs. terminal. In addition, (BNHC)Au(SMe2) performs a propargyl alcohol hydration to predominantly form α‐hydroxymethyl ketone over the more common Meyer–Schuster rearrangement product. While complex (BNHC)Au(SMe2) is active without silver additives, addition of silver hexafluoroantimonate (AgSbF6) increases reaction rate and decreases selectivity for internal alkyne hydration over terminal substrates. To the best of our knowledge, the rate enhancement of (BNHC)Au(SMe2) by AgSbF6 is the first such demonstration of a silver effect for a “halide‐free” Au catalyst.

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Experimental investigation of interfacial mass transfer mechanisms for a confined high‐reynolds‐number bubble rising in a thin gap
Authors: Roudet Matthieu , Billet Anne‐Marie , Cazin Sébastien , Risso Frédéric , Roig Véronique
Published: November 2016

Interfacial mass transfer is known to be enhanced for confined bubbles due to the efficiency of the transfer in the thin liquid films between them and the wall. In the present experimental investigation, the mechanisms of gas–liquid mass transfer are studied for isolated bubbles rising at high Reynolds number in a thin gap. A planar laser induced fluorescence (PLIF) technique is applied with a dye the fluorescence of which is quenched by dissolved oxygen. The aim is to measure the interfacial mass fluxes for pure oxygen bubbles of various shapes and paths rising in water at rest. In the wakes of the bubbles, patterns due to the presence of dissolved oxygen are observed on PLIF images. They reveal the contrasted contributions to mass transfer of two different regions of the interface. The flow around a bubble consists of both two thin liquid films between the bubble and the walls of the cell and an external high‐Reynolds‐number in‐plane flow surrounding the bubble. Mass transfer mechanisms associated to both regions are discussed. Measurement of the concentration of dissolved oxygen is a difficult task due to the nonlinear relation between the fluorescence intensity and the concentration in the gap. It is however possible to accurately measure the global mass flux transferred through the bubble interface. It is determined from the fluorescence intensity recorded in the wakes when the oxygen distribution has been made homogeneous through the gap by diffusion. Assuming a reasonable distribution of oxygen concentration through the gap at short time also allows a measurement of the mass fluxes due to the liquid films. A discussion of the results points out the specific physics of mass transfer for bubbles confined between two plates as compared to bubbles free to move in unconfined flows. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 63: 2394–2408, 2017
Carboxylative Coupling of Chloromethyl(hetero)arenes with Allyltrimethoxysilane Catalyzed by Palladium Nanoparticles
Authors: Song Jiliang , Feng Xiujuan , Yamamoto Yoshinori , Almansour Abdulrahman I. , Arumugam Natarajan , Suresh Kumar Raju , Bao Ming
Published: November 2016

The palladium‐catalyzed three‐component coupling of either (chloromethyl)arenes or (chloromethyl)heteroarenes with allyltrimethoxysilane and carbon dioxide (i.e., a carboxylative Hiyama coupling reaction) successfully produced α,β‐unsaturated esters in satisfactory to good yields. This reaction proceeded smoothly under mild conditions in the presence of palladium nanoparticles (NPs). A reaction mechanism, which includes the formation of an π‐allylpalladium chloride intermediate, has been proposed.
Principal component analysis in the evaluation of osteoarthritis
Authors: Calce Stephanie E. , Kurki Helen K. , Weston Darlene A. , Gould Lisa
Published: November 2016

Objectives

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate advantages of principal component analysis (PCA) as a standardized procedure in the evaluation of osteoarthritis (OA) in a skeletal series to: (1) compute aggregate scores for joint complexes that accurately capture pathological expression, (2) reveal which variables describe the most sample variation in OA, (3) enable inter‐ and intra‐sample comparison of results, and (4) formulate predictive models from component‐based arthritic scores.

Materials and methods

The sample (144 males, 145 females) is drawn from a large skeletal cemetery collection of modern Europeans of known sex, age, and occupation. OA data was collected using standard ranked categorical scoring. PCA was conducted separately on lumbar spine, pelvis, and knee regions to generate composite OA scores from eigenequations of the first and second principal components (PC).

Results

Results demonstrate that as severity in OA increases, so does the distribution of OA within the joint surface. In each region, PCA produced the same general pattern with eburnation scoring driving significant changes in composite OA scores, representing earlier to later stages of cartilage degeneration. The distribution of arthritic traits determined by PCA produced an OA score that quantifies the expression of joint changes in varied biological joint structures from most moveable to least mobile, the final stage being joint fusion. OA scores are most highly variable in the lumbar region for both males and females, as compared to the pelvis and knee.

Conclusions

PCA is a simple, non‐parametric method of extracting relevant information from complex OA datasets and summarizes variation based on correlated multi‐attributes to reveal a simplified structure of OA expression. Multivariate techniques like PCA should be used to describe discrete OA samples, and are useful to compute population‐specific representative measurements for idiopathic joint OA in a skeletal sample.
Engineering the Electrical Conductivity of Lamellar Silver‐Doped Cobalt(II) Selenide Nanobelts for Enhanced Oxygen Evolution
Authors: Zhao Xu , Zhang Hantao , Yan Yu , Cao Jinhua , Li Xingqi , Zhou Shiming , Peng Zhenmeng , Zeng Jie
Published: November 2016

Precisely engineering the electrical conductivity represents a promising strategy to design efficient catalysts towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Here, we demonstrate a versatile partial cation exchange method to fabricate lamellar Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts with controllable conductivity. The electrical conductivity of the materials was significantly enhanced by the addition of Ag+ cations of less than 1.0 %. Moreover, such a trace amount of Ag induced a negligible loss of active sites which was compensated through the effective generation of active sites as shown by the excellent conductivity. Both the enhanced conductivity and the retained active sites contributed to the remarkable electrocatalytic performance of the Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts. Relative to the CoSe2 nanobelts, the as‐prepared Ag‐CoSe2 nanobelts exhibited a higher current density and a lower Tafel slope towards OER. This strategy represents a rational design of efficient electrocatalysts through finely tuning their electrical conductivities.
Chirality Synchronization of Hydrogen‐Bonded Complexes of Achiral N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Buchs Jens , Vogel Laura , Janietz Dietmar , Prehm Marko , Tschierske Carsten
Published: November 2016

2,4‐Diamino‐6‐phenyl‐1,3,5‐triazines carrying a single oligo(ethylene oxide) (EO) chain form an optically isotropic mesophase composed of a conglomerate of macroscopic chiral domains with opposite sense of chirality even though the constituent molecules are achiral. This mesophase was proposed to result from the helical packing of hydrogen‐bonded triazine aggregates, providing long‐range chirality synchronization. The results provide first evidence for macroscopic achiral symmetry breaking upon conglomerate formation in an amorphous isotropic phase formed by hydrogen‐bonded associates of simple N‐heterocycles that are related to prebiotic molecules.
Photo‐Tethers for the (Multi‐)Cyclic, Conformational Caging of Long Oligonucleotides
Authors: Seyfried Patrick , Eiden Laura , Grebenovsky Nikolai , Mayer Günter , Heckel Alexander
Published: November 2016

Intramolecular circularization of DNA oligonucleotides was accomplished by incorporation of alkyne‐modified photolabile nucleosides into DNA sequences, followed by a CuI‐catalyzed alkyne–azide cycloaddition with bis‐azido linker molecules. We determined a range of ring sizes, in which the caged circular oligonucleotides exhibit superior duplex destabilizing properties. Specific binding of a full‐length 90 nt C10 aptamer recognizing human Burkitt's lymphoma cells was then temporarily inhibited by locking the aptamer in a bicircularized structure. Irradiation restored the native aptamer conformation resulting in efficient cell binding and uptake. The photo‐tether strategy presented here provides a robust and versatile tool for the light‐activation of longer functional oligonucleotides, noteworthy without prior knowledge on the structure and the importance of specific nucleotides within a DNA aptamer.
Synthesis of a Fragment of Crystalline Silicon: Poly(Cyclosilane)
Authors: Press Eric M. , Marro Eric A. , Surampudi Sravan K. , Siegler Maxime A. , Tang Joel A. , Klausen Rebekka S.
Published: November 2016

We report a strategic synthesis of poly(cyclosilane), a well‐defined polymer inspired by crystalline silicon. The synthetic strategy relies on the design of a functionalized cyclohexasilane monomer for transition‐metal‐promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization. Our approach takes advantage of the dual function of the phenylsilyl group, which serves a crucial role both in the synthesis of a novel α,ω‐oligosilanyl dianion and as a latent electrophile. We show that the cyclohexasilane monomer prefers a chair conformation. The monomer design ensures enhanced reactivity in transition‐metal‐promoted dehydrocoupling polymerization relative to secondary silanes, such as methylphenylsilane. Comprehensive NMR spectroscopy yields a detailed picture of the polymer end‐group structure and microstructure. Poly(cyclosilane) has red‐shifted optical absorbance relative to the monomer. We synthesize a σ–π hybrid donor–acceptor polymer by catalytic hydrosilylation.
An Expedient Total Synthesis of Chivosazole F: an Actin‐Binding Antimitotic Macrolide from the Myxobacterium Sorangium Cellulosum
Authors: Williams Simon , Jin Jialu , Kan S. B. Jennifer , Li Mungyuen , Gibson Lisa J. , Paterson Ian
Published: November 2016

A unified strategy for the chemical synthesis of the chivosazoles is described. This strategy is based on two closely related approaches involving the late‐stage installation of the isomerization‐prone (2Z,4E,6Z,8E)‐tetraenoate motif, and an expedient fragment‐assembly procedure. The result is a highly convergent total synthesis of chivosazole F through the orchestration of three mild Pd/Cu‐mediated Stille cross‐coupling reactions, including the use of a one‐pot, site‐selective, three‐component process, in combination with controlled installation of the requisite alkene geometry.
Versatile Synthesis of Luminescent Tetradentate Cyclometalated Alkynylgold(III) Complexes and Their Application in Solution‐Processable Organic Light‐Emitting Devices
Authors: Wong Ben Yiu‐Wing , Wong Hok‐Lai , Wong Yi‐Chun , Chan Mei‐Yee , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: November 2016

A new class of cyclometalated tetradentate alkynylgold(III) complexes has been successfully synthesized by post‐synthetic modification. Through the judicious design and choice of pincer ligands, post‐synthetic cyclization could be achieved to produce the robust and structurally rigid class of tetradentate gold(III) C^N^C^C complexes with high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 0.49 in solution and 0.78 in doped thin films at room temperature, at least an order of magnitude higher than those of the structurally related uncyclized tridentate alkynylgold(III) analogues. High‐performance yellow to orange‐red emitting solution‐processable organic light‐emitting devices have also been achieved with external quantum efficiency of 11.1 %. This work describes for the first time of the use of post‐synthetic ligand modification approach to overcome the synthetic challenge for tetradentate alkynylgold(III) complexes.
An Integrated Mass Spectrometry Based Approach to Probe the Structure of the Full‐Length Wild‐Type Tetrameric p53 Tumor Suppressor
Authors: Arlt Christian , Flegler Vanessa , Ihling Christian H. , Schäfer Mathias , Thondorf Iris , Sinz Andrea
Published: November 2016

We present an integrated approach for investigating the topology of proteins through native mass spectrometry (MS) and cross‐linking/MS, which we applied to the full‐length wild‐type p53 tetramer. For the first time, the two techniques were combined in one workflow to obtain not only structural insight in the p53 tetramer, but also information on the cross‐linking efficiency and the impact of cross‐linker modification on the conformation of an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP). P53 cross‐linking was monitored by native MS and as such, our strategy serves as a quality control for different cross‐linking reagents. Our approach can be applied to the structural investigation of various protein systems, including IDPs and large protein assemblies, which are challenging to study by the conventional methods used for protein structure characterization.
Compressibility of woven textiles on the architecture of a highly ordered cylindrical, orthogonal, hollow‐channeled scaffolds
Authors: Santos‐Esteve Laura , Berna Àngel
Published: November 2016

Scaffolds that mimic the architecture of native tissues are highly desirable for tissue engineering. Because some human tissues, such as nerves and teeth, have an oriented microscale structure, the control of the scaffold design parameters is important. In this study, we fabricated micro‐oriented structures with different interpenetrating networks by combining thermal compression, sintering, solvent casting, and particulate leaching techniques. The influence of the processing parameters, such as the compaction pressure, number of stacked fabric layers, and compression time on the structure, pore morphology, porosity, and thickness was studied. Increases in the compacting pressure resulted in changes in the pores morphology; when the pores changed from circular to elliptical cylindrical channels, the porosity reached its maximum. A further increase in the pressure resulted in a slight decrease in the porosity because of the collapse of the elliptical cylindrical channels and the shift in the pore channels from orthogonal assembly to lamellar structure. On the other hand, the scaffold thickness could be controlled by the adjustment of the compaction pressure and/or the number of stacked fabric layers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44616.
Bis(phenothiazyl‐ethynylene)‐Based Organic Dyes Containing Di‐Anchoring Groups with Efficiency Comparable to N719 for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Siu Chi‐Ho , Lee Lawrence Tien Lin , Ho Po‐Yu , Ho Cheuk‐Lam , Chen Tao , Suramitr Songwut , Hannongbua Supa , Xie Zhiyuan , Wei Mingdeng , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: November 2016

A new series of acetylene‐bridged phenothiazine‐based di‐anchoring dyes have been synthesized, fully characterized, and used as the photoactive layer for the fabrication of conventional dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Tuning of their photophysical and electrochemical properties using different π‐conjugated aromatic rings as the central bridges has been demonstrated. This molecular design strategy successfully inhibits the undesirable charge recombination and prolongs the electron lifetime significantly to improve the power conversion efficiency (η), which was proven by the detailed studies of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and open‐circuit voltage decay (OCVD). Under a standard air mass (AM) 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm−2), the DSSC based on the dye with phenyl bridging unit exhibits the highest η of 7.44 % with open‐circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.796 V, short‐circuit photocurrent density (Jsc) of 12.49 mA cm−2 and fill factor (ff) of 0.748. This η value is comparable to that of the benchmark N719 under the same conditions.
Insights into the Difference Between Rotaxane and Pseudorotaxane
Authors: Sun He‐Lue , Zhang Heng‐Yi , Dai Zhen , Han Xu , Liu Yu
Published: November 2016

Rotaxane and pseudorotaxane are two types of mechanically interlocked molecular architectures, and there is a clear topological difference and boundary between them. In this work, a “suggested [2]rotaxane 1⊂α‐CD” was constructed based on axle molecule 1 bearing two terminal ferrocene groups and a wheel component α‐cyclodextrin (α‐CD), but the result obtained indicated that the ferrocene group cannot prevent α‐CD dethreading under UV irradiation. That is, 1⊂α‐CD is just a pseudo[2]rotaxane. Furthermore, the two ferrocene groups in 1⊂α‐CD were encapsulated by two cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) units to obtain a heteropseudo[4]rotaxane 1⊂α‐CD⋅2CB[7]. This heteropseudo[4]rotaxane displayed high stability towards harsh temperatures and the isomerization of azobenzene in 1, so it can be regarded as a [2]rotaxane. In this [2]rotaxane, the stoppers are not the bulky groups covalently bonded to the axle, but the cyclic CB[7] units connected through noncovalent interactions.
Plasma diagnostics in two kinematic classes of CMEs observed by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly onboard the Solar Dynamic Observatory
Authors: Chmielewska E. , Tomczak M. , Kołomański S. , Mrozek T.
Published: November 2016

In order to study the dynamics and thermal properties of two kinematic classes of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) we analyzed two well‐observed events in the early stage of their propagation, using multiwavelength observations from the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) of the Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO). For deriving differential emission measure (DEM) profiles and DEM maps of the basic structures of CMEs, we used two methods: the regularized inversion and the iterative forward–fitting approach. For the CME associated with a M2.0 class flare (CME‐FL), we identified a hot, moving, blob‐like feature which seems to be a candidate for a CME flux rope. Furthermore, an expanding system of loop and coronal dimming was clearly seen in AIA images. For the CME related to an eruptive prominence (CME–EP), we observed an eruptive plasmoid and a failed‐eruption of cold plasma. However, we also recognized warm and hot moving signatures that revealed a multi‐temperature nature of the eruptive prominence. Our main results are as follows: (a) An analysis of the examples of the two different kinematic classes of CMEs shows that despite the slight variations in the values of speeds and accelerations (CME‐FL: v ≈ 174 km s–1, a ≈ 350 ms–2; CME‐EP: v ≈ 135 km s–1, a ≈ 160 ms–2) they present the same kinematic behavior; (b) in the field of view of the LASCO coronagraphs these two events have the similar, positive accelerations; (c) for both events we observed an impulsive acceleration phase (IAP); (d) the expanding structures seen in 171 Å, 193 Å, 211 Å in both events move faster than the hotter blobs; (e) the plasmoid core for the CME‐FL is hot (8.0–15.8 MK); (f) the expanding blob and the hot structure in the prominence region for the CME–EP event have the similar temperature range (0.8–2.5 MK). (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Hybrid simulations of chromospheric HXR flare sources
Authors: Moravec Z. , Varady M. , Kašparová J. , Kramoliš D.
Published: November 2016

Recent measurements of vertical extents and positions of the chromospheric hard X‐ray (HXR) flare sources based on Ramaty High‐Energy Spectroscopic Imager (RHESSI) observations show a significant inconsistency with the theoretical predictions based on the standard collisional thick target model (CTTM). Using the hybrid flare code Flarix, we model simultaneously and self‐consistently the propagation, scattering and energy losses of electron beams with power‐law energy spectra and various initial pitch‐angle distributions in a purely collisional approximation and concurrently the dynamic response of the heated chromosphere on timescales typical for RHESSI image reconstruction. The results of the simulations are used to model the time evolution of the vertical distribution of chromospheric HXR source within a singular (compact) loop. Adopting the typical RHESSI imaging times scales, energy dependent vertical sizes and positions as could be observed by RHESSI are presented. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
NLTE modeling of a small active region filament observed with the VTT
Authors: Schwartz P. , Balthasar H. , Kuckein C. , Koza J. , Gömöry P. , Rybák J. , Heinzel P. , Kučera A.
Published: November 2016

An active region mini‐filament was observed with the Vacuum Tower Telescope (VTT) in Tenerife simultaneously in the Hei infrared triplet using the Tenerife Infrared Polarimeter 1 (TIP 1), in Hα with the TESOS Fabry‐Pérot interferometer, and in Caii 8542 Å with the VTT spectrograph. The spectropolarimetric data were inverted using the HAZEL code and Hα profiles were modelled by solving a NLTE radiative transfer in a simple isobaric and isothermal 2D slab irradiated both from its bottom and sides from the solar surface. It was found that the mini‐filament is composed of horizontal fluxtubes, along which the cool plasma of T ∼ 10000 K can flow with very large, even supersonic, velocities. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)