bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The ARF GAPs ELMOD1 and ELMOD3 act at the Golgi and Cilia to Regulate Ciliogenesis and Ciliary Protein Traffic
Authors: Turn Rachel E. , Hu Yihan , Dewees Skylar I. , Devi Narra , East Michael P. , Hardin Katherine R. , Khatib Tala , Linnert Joshua , Wolfrum Uwe , Lim Michael J. , Casanova James E. , Caspary Tamara , Kahn Richard A.
Published: September 2021

ELMODs are a family of three mammalian paralogs that display GTPase activating protein (GAP) activity towards a uniquely broad array of ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) family GTPases that includes ARF-like (ARL) proteins. ELMODs are ubiquitously expressed in mammalian tissues, highly conserved across eukaryotes, and ancient in origin, being present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor. We described functions of ELMOD2 in immortalized mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) in the regulation of cell division, microtubules, ciliogenesis, and mitochondrial fusion. Here, using similar strategies with the paralogs ELMOD1 and ELMOD3, we identify novel functions and locations of these cell regulators and compare them to those of ELMOD2, allowing determination of functional redundancy among the family members. We found strong similarities in phenotypes resulting from deletion of either Elmod1 or Elmod3 and marked differences from those arising in Elmod2 deletion lines. Deletion of either Elmod1 or Elmod3 results in the decreased ability of cells to form primary cilia, loss of a subset of proteins from cilia, and accumulation of some ciliary proteins at the Golgi, predicted to result from compromised traffic from the Golgi to cilia. These phenotypes are reversed upon expression of activating mutants of either ARL3 or ARL16, linking their roles to ELMOD1/3 actions. Thus, we believe that ELMOD1 and ELMOD3 perform multiple functions in cells, most prominently linked to ciliary biology and Golgi-ciliary traffic, and likely acting from more than one cellular location.
Helical metaphase chromatid coiling is conserved
Authors: Kubalová Ivona , Câmara Amanda Souza , Cápal Petr , Beseda Tomáš , Rouillard Jean-Marie , Krause Gina Marie , Toegelová Helena , Himmelbach Axel , Stein Nils , Houben Andreas , Doležel Jaroslav , Mascher Martin , Šimková Hana , Schubert Veit
Published: September 2021

The higher-order organization of metaphase chromosomes has been debated for almost 140 years. Classical light and electron microscopy studies suggested that chromatids are composed of helically organized chromatin fibers (chromonemata). Non-helical models were also recently proposed. We studied chromosome organization in barley using cutting-edge approaches and obtained evidence for a helically arranged 400-nm chromatin fiber representing the chromonema within chromatid arms. The number of turns is positively correlated with arm length. Turn size and chromatin density decrease towards the telomeres. Due to their specialized functions, the helical organization of centromeres and nucleolus-organizing regions is interrupted by several thinner, straight chromatin fibers. A comparison with previously published data indicates that the helical turning of metaphase chromatid arms is a conserved feature of large eukaryotic chromosomes.
Global naturopathy research as reflected by Scopus during 2000-2019
Authors: Khan Nadim Akhtar , Ahangar Humma , Jhamb Garvita
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to analyze research output in the naturopathy field at the global level and to examine the various trends in scientific literature available on naturopathy using bibliometric analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

The data was collected from the SciVerse Scopus database published from 2000 through 2019. The search was conducted using Medical Subject headings entry terms, i.e. “Naturopathy” OR “Naturopathic Medicine” using the “Document” search option. The search results comprised of documents that had these above search terms in their article title, abstract and keywords. The retrieved documents were then analyzed concerning different parameters like the growth of publications, authorship patterns, productive countries and institutions, highly cited papers, top prolific authors, funding agencies and document types.

Findings

The results of this study reveal that a total of 1,099 documents were published during 20-year time span. The most preferred publication type is research articles 683 (62.14%). Germany, USA, Australia, India and Canada were the most productive countries in terms of the number of scientific documents. The findings also show that the most preferred journal in the field of naturopathy is MMW Fortschritte der Medizin, with 115 documents followed by Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine with 58 documents. In contrast, the journal BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine had the highest citations per paper (17.85). For the 20-year study period, the average value for the degree of collaboration was calculated as 0.57, indicating 54% of the total publications in naturopathy were multi-authored. The value of the collaboration coefficient (CC) signifies the levels of multi-authored papers. CC was highest in the year 2019 (0.55) indicating that the publications were contributed in collaboration rather than in isolation and the number of multi-authored/mega-authored papers outnumbered the single authors in the collection of all authors in the year 2019. Bastyr University, USA was the most productive Institution. Journal articles were the most preferred form of publication.

Practical implications

This study traces various trends in the research behavior and preferences of researchers in the field of naturopathy. It thus can be of immense help to identify strong areas in naturopathy research. Further, this study will help the librarians to identify the core/preferred journals in naturopathy. 

Originality/value

This paper makes an endeavor to carry an extensive bibliometric study that provides an overview of emerging trends in naturopathy research.
Data-driven structure selection for the grey NGMC(1,N) model
Authors: Luo Dang , Sun Decai
Published: September 2021

Purpose

With the prosperity of grey extension models, the form and structure of grey forecasting models tend to be complicated. How to select the appropriate model structure according to the data characteristics has become an important topic. The purpose of this paper is to design a structure selection method for the grey multivariate model.

Design/methodology/approach

The linear correction term is introduced into the grey model, then the nonhomogeneous grey multivariable model with convolution integral [NGMC(1,N)] is proposed. Then, by incorporating the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the model parameters are compressed and estimated based on the least angle regression (LARS) algorithm.

Findings

By adjusting the values of the parameters, the NGMC(1,N) model can derive various structures of grey models, which shows the structural adaptability of the NGMC(1,N) model. Based on the geometric interpretation of the LASSO method, the structure selection of the grey model can be transformed into sparse parameter estimation, and the structure selection can be realized by LASSO estimation.

Practical implications

This paper not only provides an effective method to identify the key factors of the agricultural drought vulnerability, but also presents a practical model to predict the agricultural drought vulnerability.

Originality/value

Based on the LASSO method, a structure selection algorithm for the NGMC(1,N) model is designed, and the structure selection method is applied to the vulnerability prediction of agricultural drought in Puyang City, Henan Province.
A hybrid predictive framework for evaluating P2P credit risks
Authors: He Liang , Xu Haiyan , Ke Ginger Y.
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Despite better accessibility and flexibility, peer-to-peer (P2P) lending has suffered from excessive credit risks, which may cause significant losses to the lenders and even lead to the collapse of P2P platforms. The purpose of this research is to construct a hybrid predictive framework that integrates classification, feature selection, and data balance algorithms to cope with the high-dimensional and imbalanced nature of P2P credit data.

Design/methodology/approach

An improved synthetic minority over-sampling technique (IMSMOTE) is developed to incorporate the randomness and probability into the traditional synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) to enhance the quality of synthetic samples and the controllability of synthetic processes. IMSMOTE is then implemented along with the grey relational clustering (GRC) and the support vector machine (SVM) to facilitate a comprehensive assessment of the P2P credit risks. To enhance the associativity and functionality of the algorithm, a dynamic selection approach is integrated with GRC and then fed in the SVM's process of parameter adaptive adjustment to select the optimal critical value. A quantitative model is constructed to recognize key criteria via multidimensional representativeness.

Findings

A series of experiments based on real-world P2P data from Prosper Funding LLC demonstrates that our proposed model outperforms other existing approaches. It is also confirmed that the grey-based GRC approach with dynamic selection succeeds in reducing data dimensions, selecting a critical value, identifying key criteria, and IMSMOTE can efficiently handle the imbalanced data.

Originality/value

The grey-based machine-learning framework proposed in this work can be practically implemented by P2P platforms in predicting the borrowers' credit risks. The dynamic selection approach makes the first attempt in the literature to select a critical value and indicate key criteria in a dynamic, visual and quantitative manner.
Improving emergency response operations in maritime accidents using social media with big data analytics: a case study of the MV Wakashio disaster
Authors: Dominguez-Péry Carine , Tassabehji Rana , Vuddaraju Lakshmi Narasimha Raju , Duffour Vikhram Kofi
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This paper aims to explore how big data analytics (BDA) emerging technologies crossed with social media (SM). Twitter can be used to improve decision-making before and during maritime accidents. We propose a conceptual early warning system called community alert and communications system (ComACom) to prevent future accidents.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on secondary data, the authors developed a narrative case study of the MV Wakashio maritime disaster. The authors adopted a post-constructionist approach through the use of media richness and synchronicity theory, highlighting wider community voices drawn from social media (SM), particularly Twitter. The authors applied BDA techniques to a dataset of real-time tweets to evaluate the unfolding operational response to the maritime emergency.

Findings

The authors reconstituted a narrative of four escalating sub-events and illustrated how critical decisions taken in an organisational and institutional vacuum led to catastrophic consequences. We highlighted the specific roles of three main stakeholders (the ship's organisation, official institutions and the wider community). Our study shows that SM enhanced with BDA, embedded within our ComACom model, can better achieve collective sense-making of emergency accidents.

Research limitations/implications

This study is limited to Twitter data and one case. Our conceptual model needs to be operationalised.

Practical implications

ComACom will improve decision-making to minimise human errors in maritime accidents.

Social implications

Emergency response will be improved by including the voices of the wider community.

Originality/value

ComACom conceptualises an early warning system using emerging BDA/AI technologies to improve safety in maritime transportation.
Artificial intelligence adoption in business-to-business marketing: toward a conceptual framework
Authors: Chen Lujie , Jiang Mengqi , Jia Fu , Liu Guoquan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to develop a synthesized conceptual framework for artificial intelligence (AI) adoption in the field of business-to-business (B2B) marketing.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual development approach has been adopted, based on a content analysis of 59 papers in peer-reviewed academic journals, to identify drivers, barriers, practices and consequences of AI adoption in B2B marketing. Based on these analyses and findings, a conceptual model is developed.

Findings

This paper identifies the following two key drivers of AI adoption: the shortcomings of current marketing activities and the external pressure imposed by informatization. Seven outcomes are identified, namely, efficiency improvements, accuracy improvements, better decision-making, customer relationship improvements, sales increases, cost reductions and risk reductions. Based on information processing theory and organizational learning theory (OLT), an integrated conceptual framework is developed to explain the relationship between each construct of AI adoption in B2B marketing.

Originality/value

This study is the first conceptual paper that synthesizes drivers, barriers and outcomes of AI adoption in B2B marketing. The conceptual model derived from the combination of information processing theory and OLT provides a comprehensive framework for future work and opens avenues of research on this topic. This paper contributes to both AI literature and B2B literature.
Effects of brand feedback to negative eWOM on brand love/hate: an expectancy violation approach
Authors: Yang Jing , Mundel Juan
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to explore the role of consumers’ expectation violation in brands’ negative eWOM management on social media. The effects of brand feedback strategies (i.e. compensation and causal attribution) and brand type (i.e. full-service vs low-cost) in consumers’ expectation violations and the impact of such violations on consumers’ satisfaction and responses to a brand (i.e. brand love and brand hate) were examined.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a 2 (causal attribution: external/brand) × 2 (compensation: present/absent) × 2 (brand type: low cost vs full service) × 2 (industry: airline and hotel) between-subjects experimental design.

Findings

Results indicated that the presence (vs absence) of compensation can result in positive consumer expectation violations, which can lead to consumer satisfaction and brand love. Alternately, the absence of compensation can result in negative consumer expectation violations, which can lead to consumers dissatisfaction and brand hate. Moreover, brand type (i.e. full-service vs low-cost) significantly interacted with the presence of compensation in influencing consumers’ responses. The attribution of the cause did not significantly influence consumers’ responses.

Practical implications

This study highlights the importance of knowing consumers’ expectations when responding to negative eWOM on social media. Offering compensation is an effective strategy for restoring consumer satisfaction. Specifically, for low-cost brands, offering compensation can lead to even more favorable responses.

Originality/value

This study pioneers in exploring the roles of different brand feedback strategies and brand type in influencing consumers’ responses to brands’ handling of negative eWOM. This study revealed the underlying mechanism through the theoretical lens of expectancy violation and examined the impact of expectation violations on consumer satisfaction and brand love and brand hate.
Professional community and student engagement in higher education: rethinking the contributions of professional staff
Authors: Owusu-Agyeman Yaw , Moroeroe Enna
Published: September 2021

Purpose

Scholarly studies on student engagement are mostly focused on the perceptions of students and academic staff of higher education institutions (HEIs) with a few studies concentrating on the perspectives of professional staff. To address this knowledge gap, this paper aims to examine how professional staff who are members of a professional community perceive their contributions to enhancing student engagement in a university.

Design/methodology/approach

Data for the current study were gathered using semi-structured face-to-face interviews among 41 professional staff who were purposively sampled from a public university in South Africa. The data gathered were analysed using thematic analysis that involved a process of identifying, analysing, organising, describing and reporting the themes that emerged from the data set.

Findings

An analysis of the narrative data revealed that when professional staff provide students with prompt feedback, support the development of their social and cultural capital and provide professional services in the area of teaching and learning, they foster student engagement in the university. However, the results showed that poor communication flow and delays in addressing students’ concerns could lead to student disengagement. The study further argues that through continuous interaction and shared norms and values among members of a professional community, a service culture can be developed to address possible professional knowledge and skills gaps that constrain quality service delivery.

Originality/value

The current paper contributes to the scholarly discourse on student engagement and professional community by showing that a service culture of engagement is developed among professional staff when they share ideas, collaborate and build competencies to enhance student engagement. Furthermore, the collaboration between professional staff and academics is important to addressing the academic issues that confront students in the university.
Quality assurance systems: enemies or allies of innovation in higher education institutions?
Authors: Mello Silva Mariana Ferreira de , Vargas Eduardo Raupp de
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to examine the extant literature to analyze the relationship between quality assurance (QA) and innovation in the higher education context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study selected 63 articles through a systematic literature review in Scopus and Web of Science databases and performed a descriptive and thematic synthesis-analysis on the sample.

Findings

The research identifies several perspectives discussed on QA systems covering experiences, criticisms and practice implications. The literature review shows there is no clear consensus on whether innovation in higher education institutions (HEIs) is fostered or hindered by QA processes. However, it seems that the likelihood of innovativeness and positive QA outcomes are directly linked to how these processes are managed in universities.

Research limitations/implications

This review highlights the university management concerns that emerge with QA issues as it is not yet clear to what extent innovation is actually promoted in scenarios where QA is applied. Hence, this literature review could be considered comprehensive but not exhaustive. Further studies are recommended to improve the understanding of how HEIs can both innovate and ensure quality at the same time.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by advancing the opportunities and challenges that HEIs face due to QA system features.
Effect of post-processing on microstructure and mechanical properties of Alloy 718 fabricated using powder bed fusion additive manufacturing processes
Authors: Götelid Sareh , Ma Taoran , Lyphout Christophe , Vang Jesper , Stålnacke Emil , Holmberg Jonas , Hosseini Seyed , Strondl Annika
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to investigate additive manufacturing of nickel-based superalloy IN718 made by powder bed fusion processes: powder bed fusion laser beam (PBF-LB) and powder bed fusion electron beam (PBF-EB).

Design/methodology/approach

This work has focused on the influence of building methods and post-fabrication processes on the final part properties, including microstructure, surface quality, residual stresses and mechanical properties.

Findings

PBF-LB produced a much smoother surface. Blasting and shot peening (SP) reduced the roughness even more but did not affect the PBF-EB surface finish as much. As-printed PBF-EB parts have low residual stresses in all directions, whereas it was much higher for PBF-LB. However, heat treatment removed the stresses and SP created compressive stresses for samples from both PBF processes. The standard Arcam process parameter for PBF-EB for IN718 is not fully optimized, which leads to porosity and inferior mechanical properties. However, impact toughness after hot isostatic pressing was surprisingly high.

Originality/value

The two processes gave different results and also responses to post-treatments, which could be of advantage or disadvantage for different applications. Suggestions for improving the properties of parts produced by each method are presented.
Microstructure and mechanical testing of Al/graphite/Fly-ash metal matrix composite material
Authors: Yadav Rajat , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar , Islam Anas
Published: September 2021

Purpose

This study aims to attempt to make an aluminum-based composite using reinforcement such as graphite and fly ash. Pollution is an enhanced serious issue of concern for global. Industries play a major role in disturbing the balance of the environment system. Composite is made by using the stir casting technique. The waste that is generated by the industries if left untreated or left to be rotten at some place may prove fatal to invite various types of diseases. Proper treatment of these wastes is the need of the hour, the best way to get rid of such kinds of hazardous wastes is to use them by recycling.

Design/methodology/approach

Stir casting technique was used to make a composite. Graphite and fly ash were mixed with equal amounts of 2.5% to 15% in aluminum. The microstructure of composite formed after composite was noticed. After seeing the microstructure it was understood that reinforcement particles are very well-mixed in aluminum.

Findings

When graphite was mixed with 3.75% and 3.75% fly ash in aluminum, the strength of the composite came to about 171.12 MPa. As a result, the strength of the composite increased by about 16.10% with respect to the base material. In the same way, when 3.75% graphite and 3.75% fly ash were added to aluminum, the hardness of the composite increased by about 26.60%.

Originality/value

In this work, graphite and fly ash have been used to develop green metal matrix composite to support the green revolution as promoted/suggested by United Nations, thus reducing the environmental pollution. The addition of graphite and fly ash to aluminum reduced toughness. The thermal expansion of the composite has also been observed to know whether the composite made is worth using in higher temperatures.
The Project Appropriate Birth and a reduction in caesarean section rates: an analysis using the Robson classification system
Authors: D'Agostini Marin DF , da Rosa Wernke A , Dannehl D , de Araujo D , Koch GF , Marçal Zanoni K , Baschirotto Dorigon Coral K , Valeriano Guimarães N , Feuerschuette O , Pinto Moehlecke Iser B
Published: September 2021

Objective

The objective of this study was to assess caesarean section (CS) rates before and after the implementation of the Project Appropriate Birth (PPA), based on the Robson ten group classification system.

Design

A before‐and‐after study.

Setting

Maternity hospital in South Brazil.

Population

All pregnant women attending from April 2016 to April 2017 (period 1, pre‐implementation of PPA) and from June 2017 to June 2018 (period 2, post‐implementation of PPA).

Methods

Maternal and obstetric characteristics were evaluated, including Robson’s classification, based on the characteristics of pregnancy and childbirth. A chi‐square test and crude and adjusted relative rates were used to analyse the study variables. The significance level was set at 5%.

Main outcome measures

The CS rate for each group, their contribution to the overall CS rate and the differences in these contributions before and after PPA implementation.

Results

The CS rates decreased from 62.4 to 55.6%, which represented a 10.9% reduction after the implementation of the PPA. Pregnant women in Robson classification groups 1–4 had a 21.4% reduction in CS rates, ranging from 49.1 to 38.6%. The greatest contributors to the overall CS rates were group 5 and group 2, accounting for more than 60% of the CS deliveries.

Conclusion

The study results suggest that Project Appropriate Birth had an impact on the reduction of CS rates, especially in Robson classification groups 1 through 4, which indicates that providing mothers with evidence‐based interventions for labour and childbirth assistance contributed to reduce CS rates.

Tweetable abstract

The Project Appropriate Birth is an innovative project that has demonstrated promising results, suggesting that interventions based on scientific evidence can lead to real changes in childbirth care, contributing to reduce CS rates. The aim of the PPA is to promote activities to improve childbirth care and encourage vaginal delivery. In this study, 6238 pregnant women admitted to the hospital for delivery were included and classified into one of the Robson 10‐group classification. Findings revealed a 10.9% reduction in the overall CS rate and a 21.4% reduction for pregnant women in Robson classification groups 1 through 4, after the implementation of the PPA.
Ancient Art and the Eighteenth‐Century Auction: Collecting, Catalogues and Competition
Authors: Cochrane Nicole
Published: September 2021

This article explores the role of the auction in the formation and dispersal of collections of ancient art in late‐eighteenth‐ and early‐nineteenth‐century Britain. I demonstrate that competitive collecting, as well as the culture of acquiring and fragmenting collections at auction, had a profound effect on the way in which British buyers collected and displayed antiquities within their private collections. I argue that through an exploration of two textual sites, the auction and collection catalogue, we can observe that collectors carefully curated their collections, visually as well as textually, in order to craft specific narratives centred on the act of collecting at auctions, shaping and shifting the ways in which collectors understood and curated the art of antiquity.
A typology of small‐ and medium‐sized supplier approaches to social responsibility
Authors: Oldham Simon , Spence Laura J.
Published: September 2021

Research on socially responsible supply chains has tended to define suppliers over‐simplistically as either responsible or irresponsible. This paper illuminates the varied roles of broadly socially responsible small and medium sized enterprises by seeking to discern the differences and highlight the heterogeneity of the approaches taken. Distinguishing our approach from extant corporate social responsibility categorisations, a typology is outlined, drawing on Jungian Theory of Extraversion and the strategic capability of smaller firms. The analysis suggests four groupings of socially responsible small and medium enterprise supplier: strategic engager; strategic contemplator; active connector and active reflector. Overall, the paper seeks to inject nuance into discussions regarding supplier social responsibility practices, adding to the small business social responsibility literature, as well as unifying a number of strands of research relating to supply chain responsibility. The proposed typology offers firm foundations for further empirical and conceptual research in the area.
Platelet transfusion improves clot formation and platelet function in severely thrombocytopenic haematology patients
Authors: Karlström Cecilia , Gryfelt Gunilla , Schmied Laurent , Meinke Stephan , Höglund Petter
Published: September 2021

Prophylactic platelet (PLT) transfusion is a common practice in severely thrombocytopenic patients that reduces mortality, but responses to platelet transfusions are variable and difficult to predict in individual patients. In this prospective study, we evaluated the outcome of PLT transfusions in 40 patients with haematological malignancies, linking corrected count increment (CCI) to clot formation and agonist‐induced platelet activation after transfusion. The CCI was highly variable between patients and 34% showed no response (1‐h CCI < 7,5). Short time since the last PLT transfusion and extended storage time of the PLT product were linked to poor transfusion response, while patient sex, C‐reactive protein or the number of chemotherapy cycles prior to transfusion did not influence transfusion outcome. High CCI and good PLT responsiveness to agonist stimulation predicted efficient clot formation in rotational thromboelastometry, but transfusion did not restore poor PLT function in patients to the level of healthy controls. Our study provides new insights into factors affecting PLT transfusion outcome in haematology patients with severe thrombocytopenia, and suggests that the thrombocytopenic environment, or disease‐associated factors, may hamper platelet responsiveness.
THE CONCISE GUIDE TO PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22: Catalytic receptors
Authors: Alexander Stephen P H , Fabbro Doriano , Kelly Eamonn , Mathie Alistair , Peters John A , Veale Emma L , Armstrong Jane F , Faccenda Elena , Harding Simon D , Pawson Adam J , Southan Christopher , Davies Jamie A , Beuve Annie , Brouckaert Peter , Bryant Clare , Burnett John C. , Farndale Richard W. , Friebe Andreas , Garthwaite John , Hobbs Adrian J. , Jarvis Gavin E. , Kuhn Michaela , MacEwan David , Monie Tom P. , Potter Lincoln R. , Schmidt Harald H.H.W. , Waldman Scott A.
Published: September 2021

The Concise Guide to PHARMACOLOGY 2021/22 is the fifth in this series of biennial publications. The Concise Guide provides concise overviews, mostly in tabular format, of the key properties of nearly 1900 human drug targets with an emphasis on selective pharmacology (where available), plus links to the open access knowledgebase source of drug targets and their ligands (www.guidetopharmacology.org), which provides more detailed views of target and ligand properties. Although the Concise Guide constitutes over 500 pages, the material presented is substantially reduced compared to information and links presented on the website. It provides a permanent, citable, point‐in‐time record that will survive database updates. The full contents of this section can be found at http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/bph.15541. Catalytic receptors are one of the six major pharmacological targets into which the Guide is divided, with the others being: G protein‐coupled receptors, ion channels, nuclear hormone receptors, enzymes and transporters. These are presented with nomenclature guidance and summary information on the best available pharmacological tools, alongside key references and suggestions for further reading. The landscape format of the Concise Guide is designed to facilitate comparison of related targets from material contemporary to mid‐2021, and supersedes data presented in the 2019/20, 2017/18, 2015/16 and 2013/14 Concise Guides and previous Guides to Receptors and Channels. It is produced in close conjunction with the Nomenclature and Standards Committee of the International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology (NC‐IUPHAR), therefore, providing official IUPHAR classification and nomenclature for human drug targets, where appropriate.
Controlling owner type, state capitalism, and corporate social responsibility in Africa
Authors: Kim Jimi , Jo Hoje
Published: September 2021

Research Question/Issue

We theorize tensions between the dual purposes of financial gains and social impact and examine how varieties of controlling owner type and state capitalism influence corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in weak institutional settings. Specifically, we investigate the impact of the state as a majority investor (via state‐owned enterprises) and as a strategic investor (via government‐owned vehicles such as sovereign wealth funds) on CSR.

Research Findings/Insights

Using 512 firm‐year observations from 2007 to 2015, we find that similar to a widely held corporation, state‐owned enterprises are negatively associated with social and environmental practices. Yet, when the state serves as a strategic supporter and investor (i.e., sovereign wealth funds), a firm tends to exhibit greater CSR practices. Our findings are robust to random‐effect models and the two‐stage least squares instrumental variable approach.

Theoretical/Academic Implications

We examine the influence of controlling shareholders on CSR with a focus on state capitalism in Africa, highlighting the role of controlling owners that may fill institutional voids especially when sovereign wealth funds are the largest shareholders. By focusing on Africa, this study broadens the understanding of CSR and controlling ownership by eliminating assumptions and preconditions stemming from developed‐country contexts.

Practitioner/Policy Implications

This study offers insights to policy makers interested in promoting social and environmental practices. As such, we disentangle the mechanisms behind social and environmental engagements by government, state investor (i.e., sovereign wealth funds), and widely held corporate investors, contributing to the understanding of underresearched domains and guiding not only managers but also policy makers. Our results encourage policy makers to pay attention to specific characteristics of state capitalism.
Trends in the incidence and mortality of intracerebral hemorrhage, and the associated risk factors, in Denmark from 2004 to 2017
Authors: Pedersen Tine Glavind Bülow , Vinter Nicklas , Schmidt Morten , Frost Lars , Cordsen Pia , Andersen Grethe , Johnsen Søren Paaske
Published: September 2021

Background and purpose

The distribution of the major modifiable risk factors for intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) changes rapidly. These changes call for contemporary data from large‐scale population‐based studies. The aim of the present study was to examine trends in incidence, risk factors, and mortality in ICH patients from 2004 to 2017.

Methods

In a population‐based cohort study, we calculated age‐ and sex‐standardized incidence rates (SIRs), incidence rates (IRs) stratified by age and sex per 100,000 person‐years, and trends in risk profiles. We estimated absolute mortality risk, and the Cox proportional hazards regression multivariable‐adjusted hazard ratios for 30‐day and 1‐year mortality.

Results

We included 16,902 patients (53% men; median age 75 years) from 2004 to 2017. The SIR of ICH decreased from 33 (95% confidence interval [CI] 32–34) in 2004/2005 to 28 (95% CI 27–29) in 2016/2017. Among patients aged ≥70 years, the IR decreased from 137 (95% CI 130–144) in 2004/2005 to 112 (95% CI 106–117) in 2016/2017. The IR in patients aged <70 years was unchanged. From 2004 to 2017, the proportion of patients with hypertension increased from 49% to 66%, the use of oral anticoagulants increased from 7% to 18%, and the use of platelet inhibitors decreased from 40% to 28%. The adjusted hazard ratio for 30‐day mortality in 2016/2017 was 0.94 (95% CI 0.89–1.01) and 1‐year mortality was 0.98 (95% CI 0.93–1.04) compared with 2004/2005.

Conclusion

The incidence of spontaneous ICH decreased from 2004 to 2017, with no clear trend in mortality. The risk profile of ICH patients changed substantially, with increasing proportions of hypertension and anticoagulant treatment. Given the high mortality rate of ICH, further advances in prevention and treatment are urgently needed.
Mexican immigrant parents’ hopes for their children and parenting strategies in different immigration climates
Authors: Valdez Carmen R. , Herrera Nancy , Wagner Kevin M. , Ables Ashley
Published: September 2021

In the present article, we explore the hopes that immigrant parents of Mexican origin have for their children and the strategies they employ to foster such hopes in light of immigration status, immigration climate, and transnational lived experiences. We conducted six focus groups with 42 immigrant parents of Mexican origin living in Arizona and Texas to explore their hopes and strategies used to foster hopes. Parents, the majority of whom were mothers, defined hopes in terms of what they can provide to their children, including (a) a better life through education and economic opportunities, (b) a strong moral and civic upbringing, and (c) safety from neighborhood crime and hostile immigrant climates. Parents fostered these hopes through the strategies of using self as example, parental involvement and monitoring, self‐sacrifice, and family unity. Mothers of unauthorized immigration status raising children in a harsh immigration climate also avoided undue public exposure to ensure their children's safety, a task that was difficult for fathers as breadwinners. Immigration status and climate influenced parents’ ability to provide opportunities for their children to pursue educational and career opportunities. We discuss parents’ hopes and parenting strategies in the context of different immigration climates, highlight emerging gender differences, and provide recommendations for research and practice.
Perceived Changes in Family Life During COVID‐19: The Role of Family Size
Authors: Canzi Elena , Danioni Francesca V. , Parise Miriam , Lopez Giulia , Ferrari Laura , Ranieri Sonia , Iafrate Raffaella , Lanz Margherita , Regalia Camillo , Rosnati Rosa
Published: September 2021

Objective

The current study was aimed at exploring Italian parents' perceived negative and positive changes in family life during the COVID‐19 pandemic, taking into account the role of the stage of the family life and family size.

Background

During the emergency of the COVID‐19 pandemic, millions of families drastically changed their daily life and routines. Little evidence exists on how family characteristics, such as family size or presence of children, are related to families' experience of family change.

Method

A large sample of 1,407 Italian parents (70.1% mothers) filled in an anonymous online survey during the third week of the lockdown period (between March 30 and April 7, 2020).

Results

Results showed that parents reported perceiving more positive changes than negative ones, especially in terms of feeling more emotionally close to their children and spending more fun time with them. Interestingly, parents with two or more children reported more positive changes in family life compared with parents who had one child, showing a greater relational regenerative capacity in the face of COVID‐19 lockdown.

Conclusion and Implications

Investing in family relationships, especially for larger families, is an effective coping strategy to deal with traumatic situations and promote positive family changes in stressful situations.
The impact of legal advisor‐issuer cooperation on securitization pricing
Authors: Karimov Nodirbek , Kara Alper , Downing Gareth
Published: September 2021

We examine the impact of cooperation between legal advisors and issuers on bank securitization pricing using 6,624 European ABS tranches issued in the European market over the period of 1998 to 2018. We find that previous cooperation is negatively related to initial yield spreads of ABS. Investors seem to attach value to previous cooperation between issuers and legal advisors and consider such transactions less risky by asking for lower yields. We observe that the magnitude of the past relationships is also of importance. Moreover, previous cooperation becomes more important as the risk of the transaction increases. This is especially noticeable when prime (AAA rated) tranches are compared to non‐prime (non‐AAA rated) tranches. Our results also show that the number of legal advisors in a deal does not matter for investors.
Effects of spatial variation in benthic phototrophs along a depth gradient on assessments of whole‐lake processes
Authors: Gushulak Cale A. C. , Haig Heather A. , Kingsbury Melanie V. , Wissel Bjoern , Cumming Brian F. , Leavitt Peter R.
Published: September 2021

Phytobenthos are often underrepresented in both limnological and paleolimnological studies but may play key roles in whole‐lake production and ecosystem processes including eutrophication, food‐web dynamics, and ecosystem state changes.

Photosynthetic pigments, stables isotopes, and diatoms were quantified from surface sediments (0–1 cm) collected across a depth transect of a small, DOC‐rich, mesotrophic lake in boreal northwestern Ontario to assess spatial variation in phytobenthos abundance and production.

Maximal concentrations of siliceous algae and cyanobacteria pigments occurred at ~2–6 m depth, with abundant tychoplanktonic diatoms, depleted sedimentary δ13C values, and elevated ratios of precursor chlorophyll a to product pheophytin a, all aligning well with the depths of the thermocline, epilimnetic mixing, and maximum light penetration.

These patterns demonstrated the presence of three discrete community assemblages, with greatest mass accumulation occurring at intermediate depths where warm illuminated sediments provide habitat for tychoplanktonic diatoms and cyanobacteria between turbulent shallows and cold and dark depths.

If widespread among boreal lakes, this tychoplanktonic zone may exert important effects on whole‐lake production, carbon sequestration, benthic‐pelagic food‐web coupling, eutrophication, and ecosystem state change.
Breaking the mold? Ministerial rotations, legislative production and political strategies in Lebanon
Authors: Mahmalat Mounir , Zoughaib Sami
Published: September 2021

This article investigates the effect of ministerial rotations on legislative output. We leverage a novel dataset on “significant” legislation in Lebanon, defined as those texts that introduce changes in the legislative environment and are potentially relevant for legal appeals. We associate the legislative output of nine key ministries in all governments between 2005 and 2020 to 72 ministerial changes in this period. We find that rotation decreases the output of significant legislation by almost a fourth of average productivity—or more than 0.75 texts—per ministry and term, a result that is robust to various model specifications and fixed effects. Leveraging 35 expert interviews with senior government officials and (ex‐)ministers, we provide a theory in which rotations give rise to “memory losses” within ministries depending on the strategies of political parties to penetrate institutions with loyalists. Our findings have important implications for priorities to reform public administrations.
Interlukin‐27 rs153109 polymorphism confers the susceptibility and prognosis of aplastic anemia in Chinese population
Authors: Yu Wei , Yang Wu
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Accumulating evidence has indicated that interleukin (IL)‐27 and its gene polymorphisms exert pivotal impact on several autoimmune disorders. This research intended to investigate the relationship between IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism with risk and prognosis for aplastic anemia.

Methods

IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism was detected with polymerase chain reaction–ligase detection reaction in 238 patients with aplastic anemia and 215 normal individuals. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays were applied to measure the plasma level of IL‐27.

Results

Frequencies of rs153109 AA and GG genotype were statistically higher in aplastic anemia patients compared to controls. Similar results were observed when further divided patients into nonsevere and severe ones. That means carriers of AA and GG genotype are accompanied by an increased risk of developing aplastic anemia. Plasma IL‐27 levels of aplastic anemia patients were remarkably elevated than normal group and had positive relation with disease severity. Furthermore, patients with AA genotype had obviously higher IL‐27 levels than ones with AG and GG genotype. Moreover, patients carrying AA genotype exhibited a poorer reaction to immunosuppressive therapy and were more prone to clonal evolution.

Conclusion

IL‐27 rs153109 polymorphism confers genetic predisposition to aplastic anemia and influences disease prognosis, potentially by regulating IL‐27 expression, which help broaden potential pathogenesis of aplastic anemia. Specifically, for patients with AA genotype, more aggressive therapeutic strategies such as hematopoietic stem cells transplantation are warranted.
Oral submucous fibrosis stimulates invasion and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition in oral squamous cell carcinoma by activating MMP‐2 and IGF‐IR
Authors: Chen Pei‐Ni , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Yang Shun‐Fa , Chang Yu‐Chao
Published: September 2021

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) involves a high risk of malignant transformation and has been implicated in oral cancer. Limited studies have been conducted on the role of OSF in relation to the invasive capabilities and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) in oral cancer. Herein, we investigated the effects of OSF on the microenvironment of human oral cancer cells. The results showed that the conditioned medium (CM) of fibrotic buccal mucosal fibroblasts (fBMFs) strongly induced the invasion of oral cancer cells and increased the activities of matrix metalloproteinase‐2. OSF significantly induced the EMT in oral cancer cells and downregulated epithelial markers, such as E‐cadherin, but significantly elevated vimentin, fibronectin, N‐cadherin, RhoA, Rac‐1 and FAK. Insulin‐like growth factor‐1 (IGF‐1) was elevated in OSF. The protein levels of the IGF‐1R were upregulated specifically in fBMF CM treatment for oral cancer cells, and the IGFR gene was confirmed by The Cancer Genome Atlas patient transcriptome data. The Kaplan‐Meier curve analysis revealed that patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma and high IGFR expression levels had poorer 5‐year survival than those with low IGFR expression (p = 0.004). The fBMF‐stimulated EMT cell model may recapture some of the molecular changes during EMT progression in clinical patients with oral cancer.
Featured Cover
Authors: Van den Bergh Peter Y. K. , van Doorn Pieter A. , Hadden Robert D. M. , Avau Bert , Vankrunkelsven Patrik , Allen Jeffrey A. , Attarian Shahram , Blomkwist‐Markens Patricia H. , Cornblath David R. , Eftimov Filip , Goedee H. Stephan , Harbo Thomas , Kuwabara Satoshi , Lewis Richard A. , Lunn Michael P. , Nobile‐Orazio Eduardo , Querol Luis , Rajabally Yusuf A. , Sommer Claudia , Topaloglu Haluk A.
Published: September 2021

The cover image is based on the Research Report European Academy of Nurology/Peripheral Nerve Society guideline on diagnosis and treatment of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy: Report of a joint Task Force – Second revision by Peter Van den Bergh et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jns.12455

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