bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical, biochemical, and histopathological diagnosis of Egyptian paediatric patients with suspected mitochondrial diseases: A hospital‑based study
Authors: Abdou D M , Selim L A , Coster R V , Smet J , Nakhla G A , Mehaney D A
Published: May 2023

Background. Mitochondrial respiratory chain (RC) disorders are a growing group of disorders with a large variety of clinical presentations ranging from well-defined clinical syndromes to nonspecific manifestations, such as failure to thrive, exercise intolerance and seizures.Objective. To describe the clinical, biochemical, and histochemical spectrum of 38 Egyptian patients clinically suspected of havingmitochondrial RC disorders.Methods. A total of 38 patients (female, n=18 (47.4%); male, n=20 (52.6%)) clinically suspected of having mitochondrial diseases had been referred to the Inherited Metabolic Diseases Laboratory at Cairo University Children’s Hospital. Laboratory investigations and analyses included histochemical staining of cytochrome c oxidase and succinate dehydrogenase in muscle biopsies, as well as spectrophotometric assays of RC complexes in muscle homogenates.Results. Twenty-three patients (60.5%) were diagnosed with different RC enzyme deficiencies. Fifteen patients (65%) had complex Ideficiency and all of them also had lactic acidosis (mean (standard deviation)) plasma lactate concentration of 4 (1.65) mmol/L). Twopatients (9%) with marked complex IV deficiency both showed COX-negative ragged red fibers (RRFs) on histochemical staining.Combined complex I and complex II deficiency with scattered COX-stain deficiency and RRFs was diagnosed in 2 patients (5.25%), whilea further 2 patients (5.26%) had combined (complex I, II+III, complex IV) deficiencies. Isolated complex II deficiency was diagnosed in2 patients (5.26%) and 15 (39.5%) patients had normal RC enzyme activities.Conclusion. Biochemical assay of RC complexes is considered the cornerstone for diagnosis of RC complex mitochondrial disorders.These disorders are common among Egyptian paediatric patients.
Clinical outcomes of intussusception: The experience in Johannesburg, South Africa
Authors: Khumalo V , Witthers A , Jugmohan B , Westgarth-Taylor C , Grieve A , Harrison D , Loveland J
Published: May 2023

Background. A previous study on intussusception from our institution demonstrated a pneumatic reduction (PR) rate of 33%, witha mortality rate of 9.1%. Numerous protocol changes were implemented, and as part of a national prospective observational study, asubsequent cohort of patients was compared with the initial series.Objectives. To compare our current series of children presenting with intussusception with our previous series. Specifically, we aimed tocompare PR rates, resection rates, morbidity and mortality.Methods. This was a retrospective review of patients aged <3 years who presented with intussusception to Chris Hani BaragwanathAcademic Hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2011 to 2015 (era 2). Clinical outcomes of patients and management modalitieswere reviewed. These were compared with results reported in the previous article (2007 - 2010, era 1).Results. A total of 111 patients were included. PR was attempted in 52 patients (46.8%). It was successful in 25 patients (48.1%) andunsuccessful in 27 (51.9%), with an overall success rate of 22.5%. Eighty-six patients (77.5%) underwent surgical intervention. Bowelresection was performed in 54/86 of the surgically managed patients. No deaths were reported during the era 2 study period.Conclusion. Despite improved protocols, we could not demonstrate an improvement in the proportion of attempted PR cases comparedwith our previous series, and we did not achieve better PR rates. This failure is thought to be due to the delayed presentation of our patients,as well as an aggressive approach to management. However, this aggressive management strategy has decreased our mortality rate to zero.
Asthma control among adolescents in the inner provinces of South Africa: Perception v. reality
Authors: Olajide-Ibiejugba AO , Nkosi V , Rathogwa-Takalani F , Shirinde J , Wichmann J , Green RJ , Voyi K
Published: May 2023

Proper asthma control can lessen the negative effects of asthma in adolescents, such that they can lead a normal and physically activelife. The study aimed to compare self-reported asthma control and actual test scores among adolescents in the inner provinces (Gauteng and North West) of South Africa. The asthma control test (ACT) questionnaire was administered to 123 of adolescents who had reported doctor-diagnosed asthma during the cross-sectional study. There was a statistically significant difference between self-reported asthma control and actual test scores among study participants (p=0.003). Out of the 90 study participants who claimed that their asthma was controlled, only 25 (27.78%) were correctly classified as ‘controlled’ according to the ACT. A high percentage (72.22%) of adolescents misclassified their asthma as ‘controlled’, whereas it was not. There is a lack of studies on asthma control in Africa.
Educação e pandemia de Covid-19: um olhar sobre as desigualdades educacionais
Authors: Macedo Rodolfo Alves de
Published: May 2023

A pandemia de Covid-19 fechou fisicamente instituições de educação, tais como escolas e universidades. Porém, o ensino continuou adaptado ao contexto remoto. Por meio de uma análise documental e bibliográfica orientada por diferentes documentos, como o relatório Cenário da Exclusão Escolar no Brasil: um alerta sobre os impactos da pandemia da COVID-19 na Educação e a pesquisa TIC Domicílios, o presente artigo de caráter exploratório traz apontamentos concernentes ao impacto da pandemia de Covid-19 nos processos educativos. Retomando o cenário de exclusão escolar anterior e durante a pandemia, com foco no modelo de ensino remoto, evidenciou-se o aprofundamento das desigualdades educacionais, dado o contexto de desigualdade de acesso a dispositivos eletrônicos, entendidos como capital cultural objetivado.
En mi hambre mando yo. Narrativas en torno a la comida y alteraciones en la conducta alimentaria como respuesta al internamiento en un centro de menores infractores
Authors: Alcalde Sánchez Ignacio , Bautista Cabrera Ana
Published: May 2023

Este artículo analiza el efecto del internamiento en los menores infractores y para ello se fija en su relación con la comida como hecho empírico donde observarlo. Las reacciones que presentan los menores frente al plato de comida reflejan el choque cultural al que se enfrentan en el internamiento y la distancia cultural existente entre sus hábitos y una dieta impuesta y aparentemente saludable, así como su resistencia a aceptar su nuevo rol y las posibles conductas desencadenadas ante esta situación. Para ello hemos empleado los trastornos alimentarios identificados por el manual de diagnóstico de la Asociación Americana de Psiquiatría como herramienta etnográfica con la que agrupar y analizar los discursos y prácticas que tienen los menores. Un estudio etnográfico con el que conocer los discursos asociados a la alimentación en menores internados en un centro de internamiento y la relación entre los factores culturales que determinan algunas alteraciones en su comportamiento y la situación de privación de libertad. Cuerpos dominados, desempeño de roles goffmianos o la presión a la que el cuerpo es sometido serán algunos de los conceptos que aparecerán, analizando cómo estas variables encuentran una vía de resistencia a través de la conducta alimentaria.
Strength Reduction of Concrete Subjected to High Temperatures: Effects of Various Aggregates
Authors: Kim Wonchang , Jeong Keesin , Choi Hyeonggil , Lee Taegyu
Published: May 2023

Previous studies on the strength degradation of concrete subjected to high temperatures were analyzed. To analyze the effect of the coarse-aggregate type on strength degradation, data from previous studies were collected, and the coarse aggregate used, physical properties of the aggregate, and heating conditions were analyzed. The concrete types were classified into normal, heavyweight, and lightweight concrete. Their high-temperature characteristics were analyzed and evaluated according to the mixed coarse aggregate. Finally, the correlations derived from the analysis results were compared with the CEB Code. The analysis results were different for different concrete and coarse-aggregate types, and different tendencies from the CEB Code were observed.
Vamos refletir: governança eletrônica é fonte geradora de vantagem competitiva na gestão pública dos municípios?
Authors: De Oliveira Joana d'arc , Da Silveira Maysa Lélia , Boeno Marciane Aparecida Quadro
Published: May 2023

A transparência na administração pública é uma consequência do princípio da supremacia do interesse público e está pautada, em especial, no princípio da legalidade. Isto posto, observa-se que os portais eletrônicos municipais são utilizados para fornecimento de serviços públicos e divulgações das informações referentes a gestão pública à sociedade, de forma transparente. Nesse cenário, o objetivo deste ensaio teórico refere-se à reflexão se a Governança Eletrônica é fonte geradora de vantagem competitiva na gestão pública dos municípios. A partir de pesquisa bibliográfica, observou-se que a Governança Eletrônica é uma ferramenta que pode potencializar resultados eficazes, atender a legislação em vigor, acerca da transparência das informações sobre a administração pública e atender demandas da sociedade de forma desburocratizada. Ao ser implementada de forma responsável a governança vislumbra a geração de vantagem competitiva a gestão municipal. Não obstante é elementar que na gestão púbica, a vantagem competitiva torne-se compreensível para que o seu valor seja reconhecido, e essa compreensão materializa-se quando o cidadão compreende os mecanismos de transparências das informações e gama de serviços ofertados à sociedade por meio da governança eletrônica. Ademais infere-se que os esforços da gestão municipal disporão de impacto positivo se a ação coadunar com ações de comunicação que divulguem o propósito da transparência das informações e da governança eletrônica. Este impacto positivo promove aculturação na sociedade para que os serviços prestados pelo governo sejam realmente utilizáveis e eficientes, e não estejam disponibilizados, somente para cumprimento coercitivo da legislação em vigor.
Modelo de classificação para destinação de dejetos suínos
Authors: Machado Luana do Pilar , Lazzarotto Emerson , Pontes Rodrigo Pastl , Cescon José Antônio , De Souza André Luiz Valença
Published: May 2023

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo determinar um modelo de classificação com intuito de auxiliar o produtor rural na tomada de decisão referente à destinação dos dejetos suínos. Para isso, foram realizadas visitas em propriedades rurais com produção de suínos e aplicado um formulário com perguntas objetivas para levantamento de variáveis relevantes e definidas três destinações: Destinação 1 (D1) “Manutenção Esterqueira”, Destinação 2 (D2) “Vender os dejetos suínos” e Destinação 3 (D3) “Implantar um biodigestor”. Em seguida, foram escolhidas variáveis subdivididas em duas macroáreas: econômico e socioambiental. O modelo de classificação apresenta qual a melhor opção para destinação dos dejetos suínos com base nos dados inseridos e conforme as características de cada propriedade rural. Considerando tal objetivo, foram definidas entradas específicas (inputs) que alimentam o modelo de classificação. Com base nisso, o modelo realiza simulações para os três tipos de destinações, levando em conta as variáveis estipuladas e define qual a melhor destinação dos dejetos suínos (output). O modelo criado por meio de uma macro de Excel é uma ferramenta que auxilia na assertividade das destinações dos dejetos suínos e contribui com a atividade nas propriedades rurais. Alémdisso,fornece informações adequadas ao produtor rural acerca dos custos e receitas envolvidos com o manejo dos dejetos suínos.
Structural Elucidation and Antimicrobial Analysis of Bioactive Compounds from Amaranthus spinosus
Authors: Ijeoma Anyanele, Sylvalyn , Egbulefu Ajiwe, Vincent Ishmael , Chibuzo Anyanele, Wisdom , Ogechukwu Umeokoli, Blessing
Published: May 2023

Amaranthus spinosus is a herb which belongs to the Amaranthaceae family and used by ethnic people in the treatment of various infections and ailments. As a result of its medicinal properties, it is gaining the attention of many researchers.

This research work was carried out to isolate the compounds present in the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus, characterize, use obtained data to validate its bioactivity.

The crude extract was obtained using methanol in a Soxhlet extractor. The pure extracts were isolated from the crude extracts using column chromatography and further purification was done using Sephadex. The structures of the isolates were elucidated using nuclear magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

In the validation of the bioactivity of the plant, some pathogens were used, including Escherichia coli, Bacillus species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger.

The antimicrobial analysis carried out using two isolates from the plant extracts indicated the following zones of inhibition (mm) for the first isolate: 16.00 ± 0.01, 16.00 ±0.01, 15.00 ± 0.08, 16.00±0.08, 17.00 ± 0.08. For the second isolate, the diameter zone of inhibition (mm) includes 6.00±0.08, 5.00± 0.10, 26.00± 0.10, 5.00±0.08, and 16.00±0.10. These results were compared with a standard antibiotic, ciprofloxacin, and standard antifungal, ketoconazole.

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of the isolated compounds were determined and compared with those of the standard drugs.
Identification of Surface Current Patterns in Small Pelagic Fishing Areas in the Western Season of the Spermonde Islands, Indonesia
Authors: Anshari Andi Imran
Published: May 2023

Monsoonal wind commonly affects Indonesian waters, blowing in an adversative direction by turns in one year. These are well-known as west and east monsoonal winds. Spermonde Archipelago waters, located on the west coast of the southern part of South Sulawesi, is a water region comprising various islands with relatively shallow waters and situated in Makassar Strait. The study aimed to identify the pattern of current surface movement in each monsoon period, especially on the west monsoon on Small Pelagic Fish Catches Area. Data used in this study consisted of primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained in the field for three months (April to Jun, second monsoonal transition monsoon into east monsoon). In December, the wind pattern was dominated from the northwest with a maximum speed of 8 knots. The surface current pattern offshore was from the south (0.16 m/s) to the north with decreasing speed (0.03 m/s). Meanwhile, in low tide, the current surface pattern offshore was from the north (speed may reach up to 0.04 m/s) to the south with an increasing speed of 0.20 m/s. The peak of the west monsoon occurs in January to February with high rainfall, and wind speed is dominated from south-west and west directions. Current pattern occurred in the offshore, either at high or low tide, showed similar pattern, which was divided into east and south directions.
Analytical Comparison of Path Loss Models for Radio Wave Propagation over Yenagoa–Southern Nigeria
Authors: Emeruwa C. , Oduobuk E. J.
Published: May 2023

Using propagation models helps with communication system planning and maximizes the use of the radio spectrum, a limited natural resource. Here is a comparative analysis between some propagation models and actual measurements from Yenagoa, Southern Nigeria. Electric field strength measurements made during drive tests for two television transmitters operating at 210.25 MHz and 577.10 MHz make up the experimental data. Analytical comparisons were made between verified predictions for the free space, Okumura, and Hata models and measured data. The results demonstrate that these empirical models fail to take into account Yenagoa's actual terrain profile for television broadcast. The Okumura model is the best fit, with ideal values for root mean square error (RMSE) of 34.9136 and 33.2841 and average relative error of 0.13212 and 0.4327 for 210.25 MHz and 577.10 MHz, respectively. However, if the Okumura model is tailored for Yenagoa to improve electric field strength prediction and coverage estimation, better results can be attained.
Echocardiographic Aspect of Infectious Aortic Endocarditis: Experience of the Cardiology Department, Mohammed VI University Hospital of Marrakech, Morocco
Authors: Onguema Junior Rocyr Ibara , Zerhoudi Rim , Othende Franck Bienvenu Ekoba , Bourzeg Khaoula , Eljamili Mohammed , Karimi Saloua El , ElHattaoui Mustapha
Published: May 2023

Introduction: Infective Endocarditis (IE) is a serious disease whose prognosis depends on early management. Aortic localization is characterized by its progression to myocardial failure and the high number of complications motivating early recourse to surgery. The diagnosis of AR is based on microbiological and imaging studies. Echocardiography is the recommended imaging modality to make the diagnosis, assess the impact and guide surgery.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study, including all subjects over 20 years of age who presented with infective endocarditis of the aortic valve, hospitalized between January 2019 and December 2022, in the Department of Cardiology and Vascular Diseases at the ERRAZI-CHU Mohammed VI Hospital in Marrakech. Clinical, paraclinical and therapeutic data were collected for each case using an exploitation form.

Results: During the study period, 26 patients had presented with aortic positional AR, with a sex ratio that was equal to 1.8. The mean age of the patients was 43±12.5 years. A known history of valvular disease was found in 57% of the cases. Among the native valvular diseases, rheumatic origin was found in 85%. The most common valvular lesions were represented by vegetations (88%), which were mobile in 56%, measuring between 10 and 20 mm in half of the cases, their most predominant localization was on the ventricular side with a tilt.IE on severe IAo was found in 90% of cases. The most common associated valvulopathies were MI (53%), RAo (38%) and MR (34%), whose severity was variable. The association of aortic disease with mitral disease was the most frequent association. Echocardiographic complications were presented by fistulas, perforations and peri-aortic abscesses (2 cases each) which were correlated with severe AI. Regarding the impact of the aortic AR on the LV, we noted a marked dilatation in 42% of cases with a preserved ejection fraction in 74%. A quarter of our patients had undergone transesophageal echocardiography in addition to transthoracic echocardiography, with an average time between admission and completion of 3 days. The indication of its realization was posed in front of the doubt of the visualization of an image of vegetations or suspicion of complications not visualized with the TTE. Valvular lesions found on TEE were essentially vegetations in 45% of cases, prolapses in 22% of cases, as well as abscesses, para-prosthetic leaks and prosthesis deinsertion found in 11% of cases.

Conclusion: Aortic AR remains a frequent pathology in our context. Aortic insufficiency is the most predisposing valvulopathy and the most common sonographic appearance is vegetations. The results of our study have shown that complications of AE occur preferentially in patients with severe aortic insufficiency.
A Contemporary Review on Geo-engineering Techniques for Mitigation of Accelerated Rise in Global Sea Level in the Past Eight Hottest Years
Authors: Chakraborty Sudipta , Kambekar A. R. , Sarma Arnab
Published: May 2023

Because of extreme heat during the last few years, absorption of heat in ocean water is continuously on the rise and due to additional melt water from icebergs the phenomenon of sea level rise is gradually coming to an alarming level. The present scenario based on the proposed mitigation measures to restrict the rise in temperature hardly commensurate with the decisions in Paris Agreement. Currently although geo-engineering, which is a mechanism to limit extraordinary sea level rise, has attracted scientific interest as per the current state of drastic changes in climate change, standard mitigation measures may not be enough to stop sea-level rise. This paper examines the various approaches. and options under Geo-engineering and compares effectiveness of traditional and modern geo-engineering techniques vis-à-vis other conventional mitigation measures. It is opined that conservative and groundbreaking techniques can decrease the ongoing rise in sea-level, however most befitting results would be accomplished through the combination of approaches.
On Farm Evaluation of Urd Bean and Mung Bean for Climate Change Adoption in Bundelkhand
Authors: Pal Sundar , Singh Anshuman , Arya Meenakshi , Bhanu AkhouriNishant , Suryavanshi Arpit , Kumar Sanjeev , Sharma Ashutosh , Lal Bharat , Rai Anil Kumar , Chaturvedi S. K. , Singh Sati Shankar
Published: May 2023

In the villages of Prathvipura, Karguwan, and PuraBadaura in the district of Jhansi, in the Bundelkhand region, the study was conducted by Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agricultural University during the Kharif of 2021.Total ten front line demonstrations were conducted on Urd bean and Mung bean in 10 hectare area by the active participation of the farmers with the objective of improved technologies of Urd bean and Mung bean production potentials. The improved technology consisted of improved varieties viz. Virat (Mung bean) and IPU 2-43 (Urd bean), balanced fertilizers (based on soil testing) application and integrated weed, diseases and insect pests management, etc. Under FLDs of Urd bean and Mung bean, the average additional yield of the crops was obtained at 25kg/ha and 165kg/ha, while the increased yield over the local check was 23.86 % and 23.10% from respective varieties. The mean extension gap, technology gap, and technology index for Urd bean crop were recorded as 25kg/ha, 870kg/ha & 87.0% where, in the case of Mung bean, it was 165kg/ha, 357.5kg/ha, and 32.5%, respectively. Average and maximum net returns of Rs. 1890 & Rs. 21910.63 and the cost-benefit ratio were recorded as 0.30 and 1.56 from FLD of Urd bean and Mung bean, respectively, followed by local checks.
Adoption of Drones in Agriculture: Social, Economic and Personal Factors
Authors: Sundar C. Bala Vivin , Asokhan M. , Karthikeyan C.
Published: May 2023

Aims: The acceptance of drone technology is gradually rising up owing to its potential being understood by businesses. It is in this aspect that an outlook on the various factors that are responsible pertaining to the drone technology in the recent times has been carried out.

Study Design:  Ex-post Facto.

Place and Duration of Study: Dindigul, Tiruppur, Erode and Namakkal districts of Tamil Nadu.

Methodology: Simple Random Sampling was used to select the respondents and to find out the association between the different factors, chi-square test was used.

Results: There was a highly significant association between all the factors such as economic, social and personal with that of the utilization of drones in agriculture since the calculated chi–square values are more than the table values.

Conclusion: The perceived factors which has been discussed in this article are a positive sign and can be used as an eye-opener to develop more farmer-friendly drones at a reasonable cost for owning them by the farmers.
Spatial Rhythm and Periodic Pattern of Fish Species in Eniong River, South Eastern Nigeria
Authors: Isemin N. L. , Ukpatu J. E. , Udoidiong O. M.
Published: May 2023

The spatial rhythm and periodic pattern of fish species was studied  in lower and upper streams in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria for 12 consecutive months (April, 2019- March, 2020) using standard  methods and procedures. A total of 178 individuals of fish species belonging to 14 families and 25 species were recorded in the study. The results revealed species abundance in favour of the lower stream with only two species: Clarias macromystax (Clariidae) and Malapterurus electricus (Malapteruridae) not found in the lower stream. Populations were generally bigger in lower stream 122 (69.32%) than their counterparts in upper stream with 56 (30.68%) samples. The family Cichilidae dominates the lower stream while Clariidae dominates the upper stream. The result of Jaccard Index Similarity of the number of species found between the upper stream and lower stream revealed the value of 0.461˂50%. The overall range of fish sampled falls within (9.7-25.5cmTL) with size structure generally bigger in the wet season than in the dry season.  Species had seasonal abundance in the wet season than the dry season.  In the wet season, Oreochromis niloticus and Clarias macromystax were the most abundant species in June and September (wet season) while Malapterurus electricus and Citharinus citharus were not found in the wet season. In the dry season, twelve (12) species were completely absent-Hepsetus akawo, Ctenopoma nebulosum, pollimyrus asperses, Marcusens senegaleusis, Ccoptodon zelli, Cclarias gariepinus, Cclarias macromystax, Synodontis obesus, Schilbe mystus, Schilbe uranoscopus and Protopterus annectens and Hemichromis fasciatus. The most abundant species found in both dry and wet seasons were Oreochromis niloticus, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Hemichromis fasciatus. The fish diversity ranges from typical freshwater fishes to brackish species. The greatest dissimilarity between the wet and dry seasons’ samples was generated by Oreochromis niloticus. The study recorded the highest species richness (Margaleaf) and diversity (Shanno-Wiener) in the wet season with 23 species while the lowest with the smallest abundance was observed in the dry season with 13 species. The study recommends low exploitation in the upper stream and in the dry season to enhance species productivity and sustainability in Eniong River, Southeastern Nigeria.
Knowledge of Farmers towards Improved Cultivation Practices of Ginger in Serchhip District of Mizoram
Authors: Lalhlimpuii  , Bose Dipak Kumar
Published: May 2023

The present study was undertaken to assess the knowledge of farmers towards improved ginger cultivation practices in Serchhip District of Mizoram in the year 2021-2022. Data collection was done on 120 respondents selected randomly. A pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data. The collected data was tabulated, analyzed and interpreted with the help of appropriate statistical tools to draw out meaningful results. It was revealed through the study that the majority 50.83 per cent of the respondents were middle aged, 68.33 per cent male, 74.17 per cent married. It was also found that 58.33 per cent of the respondents were marginal farmers based on the size of their land holding with medium level of annual income. Majority of the respondents had medium level of sources of information, scientific orientation, risk orientation, mass media and extension contact. The level of knowledge regarding various improved practices for ginger cultivation was medium. Majority of the respondents had, full knowledge about soil type, varieties, time of planting, chemical fertilizers and harvesting. Also, majority of the respondents had partial knowledge about seed treatment, spacing, organic sources of nutrients, diseases and pests, control measures of pests and diseases and weeding. Annual income, sources of information utilized, scientific orientation, risk orientation, mass media exposure and extension contact had positive and significant correlation with the knowledge of the farmers towards improved cultivation practices of ginger.
Exploring the Nexus between Agricultural Seasonal Dynamics and Rural Household Food Security in Kilombero Wetland, Morogoro Region, Tanzania
Authors: Mung’ong’o Henry George , Mziray Laurent Filbert
Published: May 2023

It is recognized that wetlands have great potential for enhancing agricultural activities due to their prolonged periods of water availability and good fertile soils making great expansion and intensification of agricultural production enhancing household food security in rural areas hence, communities have been relying on those wetlands for their livelihoods in different ways. It is from this interdependence that this study was proposed to examine the seasonal patterns of agriculture in the wetland and their implications on food security in three villages, Njage, Mngeta and Mkangawalo in the Kilombero wetland. The study employed mixed method approach whereby household questionnaires,-key informant interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, wealth ranking and documentary review were used to collect primary and secondary data. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used to obtain 150 respondents. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data while descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data. Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significances of the differences between wetland and upland yields as well as size of wetland plots cultivated among socio-economic groups. The findings revealed that wetland users were the average wealthy (42.7%) and poor farmers (40.7%) who depended on the wetland for their survival. Crop production in Kilombero wetland was low as farmers practiced mono-cropping of rice and maize in both dry and wet seasons depending on rain-fed agriculture. Very few wealthy (8.7%) practiced dry season farming. The small size of the wetland plots cultivated, inadequate use of agro-inputs and over dependence on subsistence led to low crop production. Consequently, farmers experienced seasonal food shortages and food insecurity, particularly among the poor and very poor households. The study concludes that, despite its agricultural potential, Kilombero wetland had not contributed much to improve the food security status of the poor and very poor households, only the well-off and average wealthy were benefiting from the wetland. Therefore, Kilombero district authorities should ensure that village governments allocate adequate land for both the poor and very poor farmers to enable them increase crop production. The agricultural extension officials of Kilombero district should build capacity to farmers on the importance of intensive agriculture, use of improved seeds and use of a variety of cropping methods in order to improve their produce.
Effect of Vacuum Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tribological Property of Ti–6Al–4V Alloy with Cu Coating
Authors: Gu Cheng , Wu Yuanbing , Tian Zenghui , Zhao Jianhua , Wang Yajun , Yuan Miaowang
Published: May 2023

The effect of vacuum heat treatment on the interface microstructure and tribological property of Cu‐coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy is investigated herein. After the vacuum heat treatment process, a diffusion layer is formed at the interface between the Cu coating and the Ti–6Al–4V substrate. The formed intermetallic compounds at the interface between the Ti–6Al–4V substrate and Cu coating are CuTi2, CuTi, Cu4Ti3, and β‐Cu4Ti. The activation energy of intermetallic compound growth in the diffusion zone of Cu‐coated Ti–6Al–4V is 126.0 kJ mol−1, and the pre‐exponential factor is 0.1 m2 s−1. The tribological properties of the Cu‐coated Ti–6Al–4V alloy are best when subjected to diffusion treatment at 700 °C for 300 min, with weight loss reduced by 58.2% compared to the Ti–6Al–4V alloy. The wear resistance of the Ti–6Al–4V alloy can be enhanced by Cu coating and vacuum diffusion heat treatment, and the formation of the Cu–Ti intermetallic compound contributes to this improvement. These findings offer new insights for further advancements in the tribological properties of titanium alloys.
Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell‐Derived Dermcidin‐Containing Migrasomes enhance LC3‐Associated Phagocytosis of Pulmonary Macrophages and Protect against Post‐Stroke Pneumonia
Authors: Li Tiemei , Su Xiaotao , Lu Pinglan , Kang Xinmei , Hu Mengyan , Li Chunyi , Wang Shisi , Lu Danli , Shen Shishi , Huang Huipeng , Liu Yuxin , Deng Xiaohui , Cai Wei , Wei Lei , Lu Zhengqi
Published: May 2023

Pneumonia is one of the leading causes of death in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Antibiotics fail to improve prognosis of patients with post‐stroke pneumonia, albeit suppressing infection, due to adverse impacts on the immune system. The current study reports that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM‐MSC) downregulate bacterial load in the lungs of stroke mice models. RNA‐sequencing of the lung from BM‐MSC‐treated stroke models indicates that BM‐MSC modulates pulmonary macrophage activities after cerebral ischemia. Mechanistically, BM‐MSC promotes the bacterial phagocytosis of pulmonary macrophages through releasing migrasomes, which are migration‐dependent extracellular vesicles. With liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS), the result shows that BM‐MSC are found to load the antibacterial peptide dermcidin (DCD) in migrasomes upon bacterial stimulation. Besides the antibiotic effect, DCD enhances LC3‐associated phagocytosis (LAP) of macrophages, facilitating their bacterial clearance. The data demonstrate that BM‐MSC is a promising therapeutic candidate against post‐stroke pneumonia, with dual functions of anti‐infection and immunol modulation, which is more than a match for antibiotics treatment.
Do regional labor market conditions matter for temporary work disability duration? A multilevel analysis of workers' compensation claims in five Canadian provinces
Authors: Macpherson Robert A. , Amick Benjamin C. , Collie Alex , Koehoorn Mieke , Smith Peter M. , McLeod Christopher B.
Published: May 2023

Background

Research has shown how regionally varying labor market conditions are associated with differences in work disability duration. However, the majority of these studies have not used multilevel models to appropriately account for the hierarchical clustering of individuals nested within contextual units (e.g., regions). Studies that have used multilevel models have focused on privately insured workers or on disability not specifically caused by work‐related injury or illness.

Methods

Using claims data from five Canadian provincial workers' compensation systems, linear random‐intercept models were used to estimate how much variance in temporary work disability duration ('work disability duration' for brevity) for work‐related injuries and musculoskeletal disorders was due to differences between economic regions, what economic region‐level labor market characteristics were associated with work disability duration, and what characteristics best explained economic region differences in work disability duration.

Results

Economic region characteristics, such as the unemployment rate and proportion of goods‐producing employment, were independently associated with individual‐level work disability duration. However, economic region variation only accounted for 1.5%–2% of total variation in work disability duration. The majority (71%) of economic region‐level variation was explained by the provincial jurisdiction where the worker lived and was injured. Regional variation tended to be greater for female workers than males.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that while regional labor market conditions matter for work disability duration, system‐level differences in workers' compensation and health care are more important factors influencing work disability duration. Furthermore, while this study includes both temporary and permanent disability claims, the work disability duration measure only captures temporary disability.
Rhesus macaque fetal and placental growth demographics: A resource for laboratory animal researchers
Authors: Roberts Victoria H. J. , Castro Jenna N. , Wessel Brady M. , Conrad Donald F. , Lewis Anne D. , Lo Jamie O.
Published: May 2023

Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are amongst the most common nonhuman primate species used in biomedical research. These animals provide a precious resource for translational studies and opportunities to maximize rhesus data use are encouraged. Here we compile data produced from 10 years of investigator‐driven pregnancy studies conducted at the Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC). All pregnancies were generated within the consistent and reproducible protocols of the ONPRC time‐mated breeding program. The data included are from control animals who did not experience in utero perturbations or experimental manipulations. A total of 86 pregnant rhesus macaques were delivered by cesarean section over a range of gestational days (G) 50 to G159 (where term is G165 ± 10 days in the rhesus macaque), with subsequent immediate tissue harvesting following standardized protocols. Fetal and placental growth measures, and all major organ weights are reported. All data are presented relative to gestational age for the entire cohort and in addition, data are stratified by fetal sex. The outcome is a large reference resource for use by laboratory animal researchers in future comparative fetal development studies.
Lung ultrasound: A comparison of image interpretation accuracy between curvilinear and phased array transducers
Authors: Walsh Michael H. , Smyth Leo M. , Desy Janeve R. , Fischer Ernest A. , Goffi Alberto , Li Na , Lee Matthew , St‐Pierre Joëlle , Ma Irene W. Y.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Both curvilinear and phased array transducers are commonly used to perform lung ultrasound (LUS). This study seeks to compare LUS interpretation accuracy of images obtained using a curvilinear transducer with those obtained using a phased array transducer.

Methods

We invited 166 internists and trainees to interpret 16 LUS images/cineloops of eight patients in an online survey: eight curvilinear and eight phased array, performed on the same lung location. Images depicted normal lung, pneumothorax, pleural irregularities, consolidation/hepatisation, pleural effusions and B‐lines. Primary outcome for each participant is the difference in image interpretation accuracy scores between the two transducers.

Results

A total of 112 (67%) participants completed the survey. The mean paired accuracy score difference between the curvilinear and phased array images was 3.0% (95% CI: 0.6 to 5.4%, P = 0.015). For novices, scores were higher on curvilinear images (mean difference: 5.4%, 95% CI: 0.9 to 9.9%, P = 0.020). For non‐novices, there were no differences between the two transducers (mean difference: 1.4%, 95% CI: −1.1 to 3.9%, P = 0.263). For pleural‐based findings, the mean of the paired differences between transducers was higher in the novice group (estimated mean difference‐in‐differences: 9.5%, 95% CI: 0.6 to 18.4%; P = 0.036). No difference in mean accuracies was noted between novices and non‐novices for non‐pleural‐based pathologies (estimated mean difference‐in‐differences: 0.6%, 95% CI to 5.4–6.6%; P = 0.837).

Conclusions

Lung ultrasound images obtained using the curvilinear transducer are associated with higher interpretation accuracy than the phased array transducer. This is especially true for novices interpreting pleural‐based pathologies.
When Alzheimer's isLATE: Why Does it Matter?
Authors: Nelson Peter T. , Schneider Julie A. , Jicha Gregory A. , Duong Michael Tran , Wolk David A.
Published: May 2023

Recent therapeutic advances provide heightened motivation for accurate diagnosis of the underlying biologic causes of dementia. This review focuses on the importance of clinical recognition of limbic‐predominant age‐related TDP‐43 encephalopathy (LATE). LATE affects approximately one‐quarter of older adults and produces an amnestic syndrome that is commonly mistaken for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although AD and LATE often co‐occur in the same patients, these diseases differ in the protein aggregates driving neuropathology (Aβ amyloid/tau vs TDP‐43). This review discusses signs and symptoms, relevant diagnostic testing, and potential treatment implications for LATE that may be helpful for physicians, patients, and families. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:211–222
Design and Statistical Innovations in a Platform Trial for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Quintana Melanie , Saville Benjamin R. , Vestrucci Matteo , Detry Michelle A. , Chibnik Lori , Shefner Jeremy , Berry James D. , Chase Marianne , Andrews Jinsy , Sherman Alexander V. , Yu Hong , Drake Kristin , Cudkowicz Merit , Paganoni Sabrina , Macklin Eric A. ,   for the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial Study Group
Published: May 2023

Platform trials allow efficient evaluation of multiple interventions for a specific disease. The HEALEY ALS Platform Trial is testing multiple investigational products in parallel and sequentially in persons with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) with the goal of rapidly identifying novel treatments to slow disease progression. Platform trials have considerable operational and statistical efficiencies compared with typical randomized controlled trials due to their use of shared infrastructure and shared control data. We describe the statistical approaches required to achieve the objectives of a platform trial in the context of ALS. This includes following regulatory guidance for the disease area of interest and accounting for potential differences in outcomes of participants within the shared control (potentially due to differences in time of randomization, mode of administration, and eligibility criteria). Within the HEALEY ALS Platform Trial, the complex statistical objectives are met using a Bayesian shared parameter analysis of function and survival. This analysis serves to provide a common integrated estimate of treatment benefit, overall slowing in disease progression, as measured by function and survival while accounting for potential differences in the shared control group using Bayesian hierarchical modeling. Clinical trial simulation is used to provide a better understanding of this novel analysis method and complex design. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:547–560
The prevalence and anatomy of the pyramidal lobe of the thyroid gland: A meta‐analysis with implications for thyroid surgery
Authors: Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Iwanaga Joe , Michalczak Mateusz , Dziedzic Martyna , del Carmen Yika Alicia , Gil Anna , Sporek Mateusz , Szczepanek Elżbieta , Niemczyk Kazimierz , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: May 2023

The pyramidal lobe (PL), also known as the third lobe of the thyroid gland or lobe of Lalouette is an embryological remnant of the caudal end of the thyroglossal tract. The following meta‐analysis aims to provide a detailed analysis of the anatomical variations of the PL using the available data in the literature. Major online medical databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched in order to find all studies considering the prevalence and anatomy of the PL of the thyroid gland. Finally, a total of 24 studies that met the required criteria and contained complete and relevant data were included in the present meta‐analysis. The pooled prevalence of the PL was found to be 42.82% (95% CI: 35.90%–49.89%). An analysis showed that the mean length was 23.09 mm (SE: 0.56). The mean width was found to be 10.59 mm (SE: 0.77). The pooled prevalence of the PL originating from the left lobe (LL) was established at 40.10% (95% CI: 28.83%–51.92%). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the complete surgical anatomy of the PL. The PL was prevalent in 42.82% of the cases, being slightly more prevalent in males (40.35%) than females (37.43%). The mean length and width of the PL were 23.09 mm and 10.59 mm, respectively. Our results should be taken into consideration when performing procedures on the thyroid gland, such as thyroidectomies. The presence of the PL can affect the completeness of this procedure and lead to postoperative complications.
The anatomy of the atrioventricular nodal artery: A meta‐analysis with implications for cardiothoracic surgery and ablation procedures
Authors: Kuniewicz Marcin , Ostrowski Patryk , Bonczar Michał , Kwiecińska Maria , Możdżeń Kamil , Murawska Agnieszka , Dziedzic Martyna , Żytkowski Andrzej , Goncerz Grzegorz , Walocha Jerzy , Koziej Mateusz
Published: May 2023

The objective of the present meta‐analysis was to evaluate recent and applicable data regarding the location and variation of the atrioventricular nodal artery (AVNA) in relation to adjacent structures. In order to minimize postoperative risks and maintain physiological anastomosis for proper cardiac function, understanding such possible variations of vascularization of the AV node is of immense importance prior to cardiothoracic surgery as well as ablations. In order to perform this meta‐analysis, a systematic search was conducted in which all articles regarding, or at least mentioning, the anatomy of the AVNA was searched. In general, the results were based on 3919 patients. AVNA was found to originate only from the RCA in 82.41% (95% CI: 79.46%–85.18%). The pooled prevalence of AVNA originating only from LCA was found to be 15.25% (95% CI: 12.71%–17.97%). The mean length of AVNA was found to be 22.64 mm (SE = 1.60). The mean maximal diameter of AVNA at its origin was found to be 1.40 mm (SE = 0.14). In conclusion, we believe that this is the most accurate and up‐to‐date study regarding the highly variable anatomy of the AVNA. The AVNA was found to originate most commonly from the RCA (82.41%). Furthermore, the AVNA was found to most commonly have no (52.46%) or only one branch (33.74%). It is hoped that the results of the present meta‐analysis will be helpful for physicians performing cardiothoracic or ablation procedures.
The usefulness of CanAssist Breast over Ki67 in breast cancer recurrence risk assessment
Authors: Eshwaraiah Mallikarjuna Siraganahalli , Gunda Aparna , Kanakasetty Govind Babu , Bakre Manjiri M.
Published: May 2023

Background

Assessment of Ki67 by immunohistochemistry (IHC) has limited utility in clinical practice owing to analytical validity issues. According to International Ki67 Working Group (IKWG) guidelines, treatment should be guided by a prognostic test in patients expressing intermediate Ki67 range, >5%–<30%. The objective of the study is to compare the prognostic performance of CanAssist Breast (CAB) with that of Ki67 across various Ki67 prognostic groups.

Methods

The cohort had 1701 patients. Various risk groups were compared for the distant relapse‐free interval (DRFi) derived from Kaplan–Meier survival analysis. As per IKWG, patients are categorized into three risk groups: low‐risk (<5%), intermediate risk (>5%–<30%), and high‐risk (>30%). CAB generates two risk groups, low and high risk based on a predefined cutoff.

Results

In the total cohort, 76% of the patients were low risk (LR) by CAB as against 46% by Ki67 with a similar DRFi of 94%. In the node‐negative sub‐cohort, 87% were LR by CAB with a DRFi of 97% against 49% by Ki67 with a DRFi of 96%. In subgroups of patients with T1 or N1 or G2 tumors, Ki67‐based risk stratification was not significant while it was significant by CAB. In the intermediate Ki67 (>5%–<30%) category up to 89% (N0 sub‐cohort) were LR by CAB and the percentage of LR patients was 25% (p < 0.0001) higher compared to NPI or mAOL. In the low Ki67 (≤5%) group, up to 19% were segregated as high‐risk by CAB with 86% DRFi suggesting the requirement of chemotherapy in these low Ki67 patients.

Conclusion

CAB provided superior prognostic information in various Ki67 subgroups, especially in the intermediate Ki67 group.