bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Beverage Intake During Pregnancy and Childhood Adiposity
Authors: Gillman Matthew W. , Rifas-Shiman Sheryl L. , Fernandez-Barres Silvia , Kleinman Ken , Taveras Elsie M. , Oken Emily
Published: July 2017

OBJECTIVES:

To examine associations of sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) and other beverage intake during pregnancy with adiposity in midchildhood (median age of 7.7 years).

METHODS:

We studied 1078 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, a prospective prebirth cohort study. Exposures were sugary and nonsugary beverage intake assessed in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy by using a food frequency questionnaire. Main outcome measures were offspring overall adiposity (BMI z score, fat mass index [FMI, kg/m2] from dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry, and sum of subscapular [SS] and triceps [TR] skinfold thicknesses) and central adiposity (SS:TR ratio and waist circumference).

RESULTS:

In the second trimester, mean (SD) SSB intake was 0.6 (0.9) servings per day. Thirty-two percent of mothers were multiracial or people of color, 68% were college graduates, and 10% smoked during pregnancy. In midchildhood, mean (SD) BMI z score was 0.38 (1.00), and the FMI was 4.4 (1.9) kg/m2. In multivariable models adjusted for multiple maternal and child covariates, each additional serving per day of SSB was associated with higher BMI z scores (0.07 U; 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.01 to 0.15), FMI (0.15 kg/m2; 95% CI: −0.01 to 0.30), SS + TR (0.85 mm; 95% CI: 0.06 to 1.64), and waist circumference (0.65 cm; 95% CI: 0.01 to 1.28). Stratified models suggested that the associations were due primarily to maternal, not child, SSB intake and to sugary soda rather than fruit drinks or juice. We did not find differences between boys and girls, nor did we observe the effects of sugar-free soda or of first-trimester beverage intake.

CONCLUSIONS:

Higher SSB intake during the second trimester of pregnancy was associated with greater adiposity in midchildhood.
Why Jesenje veče [Autumn Evening] is Not (Only) a Landscape Poem? The Problem of Categorisation / Zašto Jesenje veče nije (samo) pejzažna pjesma? Problematika kategorizacije
Authors: Jurčević Zorica
Published: July 2017

AbstractThis paper presents the problem of poetry classification, on the basis of the poem Jesenje veče [Autumn Evening] written by Antun Gustav Matoš. The mentioned poem, in school readers, is referred to as an example of landscape poem although in the accompanying tasks it is demanded of pupils to identify the presence of the author himself in the poem and explain the symbolism. That is, it is expected from pupils to think, contemplate and read the text – in one word, reflexion is required, by which the landscape becomes only the textual indicator of something else. Hence, this paper presents the possibility of a different classification of the poem, focusing on its reflexive elements, indicating extratextuality, shift from landscape, but above all a need to understand the text, contrary to its classification into a category.Keywords: classification; extratextuality; landscape poem; reflexive poem.---SažetakOvaj će rad prikazati problematičnost kategorizacije lirskih pjesama na temelju pjesme Antuna Gustava Matoša Jesenje veče. Navedena se pjesma u udžbenicima navodi kao primjer pejzažne pjesme iako se u popratnim zadatcima od učenika zahtijeva da unutar nje pronađu pjesnika (umjetnika) i objasne simboliku. Odnosno, od učenika se zahtijeva razmišljanje, rasuđivanje i iščitavanje – jednom riječju zahtijeva se refleksija, čime pejzaž zapravo postaje samo tekstualni pokazatelj nečega drugog. Stoga će rad prikazati mogućnost drugačije kategorizacije navedene pjesme i usmjeriti se na njezine misaone (refleksivne) elemente. Time će se ukazati na izvantekstualnost, odmak od pejzaža, no prije svega na potrebu razumijevanja teksta, nasuprot njegovu svrstavanju u kategorije.Ključne riječi: izvantekstualnost; definicije; misaona pjesma; pejzažna pjesma.
Poems by Dragutin Domjanić Set to Music/Uglazbljene pjesme Dragutina Domjanića
Authors: Repar Kristina
Published: July 2017

Abstract The 140th anniversary of the birth of the poet Dragutin Domjanić was marked in 2015. Composers Franjo Lučić, Vlaho Paljetak, Božidar Širola and Rudolf Matz set Domjanić’s verses to music, and this paper analyses some of these poems: “Popevka“ [“A Song“], “Kaj” [“What”], “Fala” [“Thank You”], “Popevke sem slagal” [“I Wrote Poems”], “Noć” [“The Night”], “Veter zgorec” [“The Mountain Wind”], “K suncu prosi vsaka roža” [“As Each Rose Stems towards the Sun”], “Snešica” [“A Young Girl”] and “Protuletna” [“A Spring Song”]. “K suncu prosi vsaka roža” [“As Each Rose Stems towards the Sun”], found in the collection “Pjevajte Gospodinu pjesmu novu” [“Sing to the Lord a New Song”] became part of the church liturgy. The poems “Fala” [“Thank You”] and “Kaj” [“What”] are part of the Croatian national heritage and were published in the collection “Tambura u Hrvata” [“Tamburitza in Croatia”]. Domjanić’s poems are extremely colourful, rich in landscape descriptions, and activate all the human senses. In his songs, “kajkavština” (the Kajkavian idiolect) is presented in all its fullness, beauty and luxury. The author’s love for the homeland is especially emphasised in the poem “Kaj” [“What”]. Love for a woman is interwoven with motifs from nature, forming an indivisible unit, while religious motifs are present in the poem “K suncu prosi vsaka roža” [“As Each Rose Stems towards the Sun”].Key words: Dragutin Domjanić; Croatian Impressionism; music; poetry; sheet music.---SažetakGodine 2015. navršila se 140. obljetnica rođenja pjesnika Dragutina Domjanić. Skladatelji Franjo Lučić, Vlaho Paljetak, Božidar Širola i Rudolf Matz uglazbili su njegove stihove, a u radu se analiziraju notni zapisi ovih pjesama: “Popevka”, “Kaj”, “Fala”, “Popevke sem slagal”, “Noć”, “Veter zgorec”, “K suncu prosi vsaka roža”, “Snešica” i “Protuletna”. Pjesma “K suncu prosi vsaka roža” postala je dio crkvene liturgije, uvrštavanjem u zbirku “Pjevajte Gospodinu pjesmu novu”. Pjesme “Fala” i “Kaj” postale su dio hrvatskoga narodnoga blaga, a objavljene su, između ostaloga, u zbirci “Tambura u Hrvata”. Domjanićeve su pjesme iznimno koloristične, bogate pejzažima, te aktiviraju sva ljudska čula. U njima je kajkavština predstavljena u čitavoj svojoj punini, ljepoti i raskoši. Piščeva ljubav prema dragomu kraju i ljudima također dolazi do izražaja, osobito u pjesmi “Kaj”. Ljubav prema dragoj prožima se s motivima prirode i time čini neodvojivu cjelinu, a religiozni je motiv prisutan u pjesmi “K suncu prosi vsaka roža”.  Ključne riječi: Dragutin Domjanić; glazba; hrvatski impresionizam; notni zapis; poezija.
Hubungan Patron-Klien pada Usaha Budidaya Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon) dan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat
Authors: Suryanegara Ellen , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penulisan adalah untuk menggambarkan dinamika hubungan patron-klien pada pelaku usaha perikanan budidaya, khususnya antara bakul (pengumpul) dengan langgan (pembudidaya polikultur udang dan bandeng) di Kabupaten Indramayu. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pendekatan kualitatif. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan teori patron-klien dari James Scott (1972). Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2012 dengan jenis data yang dikumpulkan adalah data sekunder dan primer. Pengumpulan data sekunder dilakukan dengan cara mencatat dan mempelajari dokumen tertulis dan laporan-laporan, sedangkan data primer diperoleh melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan para pelaku usaha perikanan budidaya polikultur udang-bandeng yang terlibat dalam pola hubungan patron-klien. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dalam hubungan patron klien, pengumpul bertindak sebagai pihak patron yang memilki modal (capital), kekuasaan (power), status, wewenang dan pengaruh terhadap pembudidaya (langgan). Pembudidaya merupakan subordinat, diposisikan sebagai klien, yakni sebagai bawahan dari si patron. Hubungan patron-klien ini bersifat dominatif dan sengaja dipelihara patron (pengumpul) agar klien (pembudidaya) menjadi tergantung dan terus menyediakan pasokan hasil budidayanya.
Tataniaga Ikan Kerapu Hidup di Kawasan Segitiga Batam, Tanjung Pinang dan Singapura (BaTaSi) : Tinjauan Aspek Sosiologi
Authors: Sastrawidjaja Sastrawidjaja , Triyanti Riesti , Hikmah Hikmah
Published: July 2017

Ikan kerapu hidup telah menjadi merek dagang (brand) dan ikon bagi masyarakat daerah sekitar kepulauan Batam, Tanjung Pinang dan Singapura (BaTaSi). Keunggulan ikan kerapu hidup adalah harganya yang sangat tinggi dan pangsa pasarnya tak terbatas. Pasar kerapu semakin meluas seiring meningkatnya minat penduduk Asia Timur untuk mengonsumsi ikan ini. Tingginya permintaan ekspor membuat konsumen luar negeri rela pergi ke sentra-sentra produksi kerapu di sejumlah perairan Indonesia terutama Kepulauan Batam dan Tanjung Pinang. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aspek sosiologi dari tataniaga pemasaran ikan kerapu hidup di Batam, Tanjungpinang dan Singapura (BaTaSi). Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam jalur tataniaga ikan kerapu di kawasan segitiga BaTaSi didominasi oleh dua etnis yaitu Tionghoa dan Melayu dengan strata sosial yang tinggi serta menggambarkan hubungan sosial diantara keduanya dalam hal jaringan sosial, perdagangan, dan kemitraan bisnis Ikan kerapu hidup. Adanya kepercayaan dan kebiasaan mengkonsumsi ikan kerapu saat Hari Raya Imlek menjadikan harga ikan kerapu jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan hari-hari biasanya.
Learning “About” and Learning “Through” Technology: An Analysis of Syllabi from Foreign Language Teaching Methods Courses
Authors: Angus Katie B.
Published: July 2017

The 2007 Modern Language Association (MLA) report recommended that foreign language (FL) graduate students be provided with “substantive training in language teaching and in the use of new technologies” (p. 7). In the present study, I examined teaching methodology (“methods”) course syllabi in order to gauge the extent of professional development in technology after the publication of the MLA report. Using data from methods course syllabi (N = 31), I explored how FL Teaching Assistants (TAs) learned about technology and learned through technology and found that there were considerable missed opportunities for both. Data suggest that technology in the methods course is not keeping pace with advances in technology and that the methods course needs to be rethought.
Antiemetic Corticosteroid Rotation from Dexamethasone to Methylprednisolone to Prevent Dexamethasone-Induced Hiccup in Cancer Patients Treated with Chemotherapy: A Randomized, Single-Blind, Crossover Phase III Trial
Authors: Go Se-Il , Koo Dong-Hoe , Kim Seung Tae , Song Haa-Na , Kim Rock Bum , Jang Joung-Soon , Oh Sung Yong , Lee Kyung Hee , Lee Soon Il , Kim Seong-Geun , Park Lee Chun , Lee Sang-Cheol , Park Byeong-Bae , Ji Jun Ho , Yi Seong Yoon , Lee Yun-Gyoo , Yun Jina , Bruera Eduardo , Hwang In Gyu , Kang Jung Hun
Published: July 2017

Background

To assess whether the rotation of dexamethasone to methylprednisolone decreases the intensity of dexamethasone-induced hiccup (DIH) in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy.

Materials and Methods

Adult patients who experienced DIH within 3 days after the administration of dexamethasone as an antiemetic were screened. Eligible patients were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone (n = 33) or methylprednisolone (n = 32) as an antiemetic (randomization phase). In the next cycle of chemotherapy, the dexamethasone group received methylprednisolone and vice versa in the methylprednisolone group (crossover phase). The primary endpoint was the difference in hiccup intensity as measured using the numeric rating scale (NRS) between two groups.

Results

No female patients were enrolled, although the study did not exclude them. At the randomization phase, hiccup frequency was 28/33 (84.8%) in the dexamethasone group versus 20/32 (62.5%) in the methylprednisolone group (p = .04). Intensity of hiccup was significantly higher in the dexamethasone group than that in the methylprednisolone group (mean NRS, 3.5 vs. 1.4, p < .001). At the crossover phase, hiccup intensity was further decreased after the rotation of dexamethasone to methylprednisolone in the dexamethasone group (mean NRS, 3.5 to 0.9, p < .001), while it was increased by rotating methylprednisolone to dexamethasone in the methylprednisolone group (mean NRS, 1.4 to 3.3, p = .025). There were no differences in emesis intensity between the two groups at either the randomization or crossover phases. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01974024.

Conclusion

Dexamethasone-induced hiccup is a male-predominant phenomenon that can be ameliorated by rotating dexamethasone to methylprednisolone without compromising the antiemetic efficacy.
Phase II Trial of Sorafenib in Combination with Capecitabine in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma: INST 08-20
Authors: Patt Yehuda , Rojas-Hernandez Cristhiam , Fekrazad Houman Mohammad , Bansal Pranshu , Lee Fa Chyi
Published: July 2017

Lessons Learned

There continues to be a lack of systemic options for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC); sorafenib and, very recently, regorafenib are the only approved options. There exists a potential to combine sorafenib with chemotherapeutic agents shown to be active in HCC, such as capecitabine, safely. Good tumor response was observed, with objective improvement in a few patients seldom seen by single agent sorafenib; however, because of the limited number of patients, meaningful conclusions on survival cannot be drawn.

Background

Sorafenib is the currently approved first-line treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Capecitabine has antitumor activity in hepatobiliary cancers. The combination of the two, if tolerated, could possibly improve antitumor response, and survival.

Methods

Patients with advanced HCC ineligible for locoregional therapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of ≤2, Child-Pugh class A or B-7 cirrhosis, hemoglobin ≥8.5 g/dL, platelets ≥50,000/μL, absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥1,500 cells/μL, and serum creatinine of ≤2.0 mg/dL were recruited. All subjects received a combination of sorafenib and capecitabine, on a 14-day 7-days on 7-days off schedule. The primary end point was safety and secondary end points were overall survival (OS) and disease control rate.

Results

A total of 15 out of 47 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age was 64 years (56–79) and 77% were male. With a median follow-up of 12 months, median OS was 12.7 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 8.5–23.4). Disease control rate was 77% (complete response 8%, partial response 8%, and stable disease 61%). Common adverse events were as follows: (a) thrombocytopenia (64%); (b) anemia (14%); (c) hypophosphatemia (21%); (d) hypomagnesemia (14%); (e) hyperbilirubinemia (21%); (f) increased aspartate transaminase (AST) (14%); (g) hand-foot syndrome (21%); and (h) deep vein thrombosis (21%).

Conclusion

At tolerable doses, the combination of sorafenib and capecitabine seems an active and safe palliative treatment for HCC in class A and B-7 patients with cirrhosis. The small sample size does not allow comparison with single-agent sorafenib.
Manufacture of Brick Titles From Local Raw Materials, N,NE Iraq
Authors: Merza Tola , Mohyaldin Ibrahim
Published: July 2017

This study was established to investigate the feasibility of using many types of local raw materials in Kurdistan for brick manufacturing. In this work, fourteen types of clay were selected from different localities in the region. The plasticity values of raw materials indicate the direct relation to mineralogical composition. The samples which contain a high percent of smectite and illite, have high to moderate plasticity, on the other hand the samples with high quartz content show low plasticity. The grain size analysis indicates the suitability of using raw materials form some localities in the studied area for manufacturing the perforate bricks, and others for roofing tiles and some others for thin wall products. A semi-dry method of forming eighty-four tiles under the load of 78kN/mm were adapted and fired at 850, 950 and 1050 C. for characteristics of the prepared tiles which are linear shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density and compressive strength are determined and found that some of these raw materials are suitable for manufacturing the solid and perforate bricks.
Tectonic and Depositional History of Upper Cretaceous Tanjero Formations in Sulaymanya Area, NE-Iraq
Authors: Karim Kamal , Surdashy Ali
Published: July 2017

The basin of (Upper Cretaceous) Tanjero Formation is combined (tectonically) with that of the underlying Shiranish Formation and named Upper Cretaceous Zagros Early Foreland Basin instead of previous miogeosyncline and trench. In this basin Tanjero Formation is deposited in the near shore area in front of southwest advancing positive land of Iranian plate. This near shore area is called Upper Cretaceous Depocenter, whereas, the underlying Shiranish Formation a summed to be deposited in the deeper central part of the basin, which is called Upper Cretaceous Basin Center. The advancing of the hinterland (Iranian plate front) is very clear from southwest position changing of the shelf for about 20km. The shelf of lower sequence was near the Iranian border during Upper Campanian while it migrated to the area around Chuarta and Mawat Towns during middle Maastrichtian. It was inferred that most part of the formation is deposited by forced regression during collision of Iranian and Arabian plate. During this regression both flysch and molasses facies are deposited.
Responses of Various of Wheat (Triticum spp.) Cultivars to Water Status
Authors: Sakri Faisal , Ghafour Noori , Amin Shireen
Published: July 2017

This research was conducted to study the response of various wheat cultivars to water status through plant length , flag leaf length, number of tillers per plant, number of leaves per plant, weight of loosed, plant dry weight, protein content in kernel%, and total carbohydrates, Results indicate that the drought periods significantly days for Sham-3-hard(durum) cultivars and signifiecantly decreased for Maxipak and Abu-Greb cultivars at drought period 21 days and Bakrajow at drought period of 7, 14 and 21 days period fo Aras.

Water stress periods significantly decreased number of spike per plant, number of seed per spike, number of seed per plant for all cultivars except Bakrajow for number of seed per spike, and also it significantly decreased weight of loosed especially of the two water stress periods 14, and 21 days and plant dry weight for all cultivars except Sham-3-Soft(aestivum). Drought period significantly decreased protien content in kernel% of Sham-3-Hard in all drought periods and Sham-6-soft at 21 days period.
The Prevalence of Tuberculosis Among the Cattle in Sulaimani Districts
Authors: Shareef Jalal , Sulaiman Rizgar , Zangana Ihsan
Published: July 2017

In spite of the devastating effect of tuberculosis in man arid animals, studies regarding bovine tuberculosis have not been done. in the Sulaimani districts so far, the aim of the present study was to investigate for the first time, the prevalence of tuberculosis in cattle in the Sulaimani districts" The study was carried out among five groups of bovine (the pregnant cattle at last two months of gestation, recentiy parturient cattle (two months after parflrition), under six months age calves, calves of six months to two years old heif'ers and cattle above h+,o ],ears old (but not belonging to the first and second groups), from June to December 2000. The study includes the field observation, using the single intradermal comparative tuberculin test (SIDT) which involved (4012) cattle from different Sulaimani dishiets (Sulaimani center, Halabja, Penjwen, Rania, Chamchamal, Darbandikhan). The field observation has shown it (5.1%) positive reactors to (SIDT). The results have revealed highest positive rate in Halabja district, where the rate was (9%) and lowest rate in Darbandikhan. where the rate was (1.5%), while different prevalence were detected (3.59L, 4%, 53% and 6%) in Chamchamal. Penjwen, Sulaimani center and Rania respectively. The prevalence rate was also high (6.1%) in a group of cattle that were classified at a stage of two months after delivery (two months from parturition) and no incidence was detected in a group of calves under six months of age. Out of 207 SIDT positive reactor cattle, (117) sputum samples were examined by direct smear with Zihle - Neelsen stain, positive result was 37 (31.7%) only The samples were also cultured on Modified Lowenstein- Jensen media, which showed 45 (38.5%) positive growth. This study included also the abattoir observation, by routine meat inspection of 7375 carcasses that have been slaughtered in Sulaimani abattoir, the result revealed 65 {A.9%) positive carcasses that showed typical lesions of tuberculosis. The samples from the lesions were submitted to the microbiological and histopathological examinations that confirmed the preliminary diagnosis. The photos are also shown.
Ability of Certain Clays in Decolarization of Lubricant Oil
Authors: Karim Abdulsalam , Jubrail Karim , Abdullah Mohhamad
Published: July 2017

Various types of clays (namely, yellow bentonite, brown bentonite, and Kaolin) of Iraqi Kurdistan

have been used for decolorizing dark oils and compared with activated China clay and Iranian clay called

(Rose); which are largely used for the industriai processing of mineral oils. Chemical analysis has been

made for all clay saniples for determination of their chemical compositions then different amounts

(percentage) ofeach clay (3-11%iviv) have been used lor the decolorizing process ofthe lubricant oil, that

manufactured at Sulaimani city at tixed temperature and particle size. Later, studies of different

temperatures (150,200.250,300"C) at fixed amount of clay have been carried out to show the temperature

effect on adsorption process. The decolorizing efficiency' of clays was found to be in the following order;

China clay, Iranian clay. Kaolin. yellow clay , brown clay. Also the effecl of acid has been studied to

activate and improve the adsorption process in the decolorization ol dark lubricant oil. The adsorption

isotherms data obtained rvere found to follow the Freundiich adsorption isotherm model.
An Investigation if TDM for PAM Signals
Authors: Qaradaghi Thoraya , Nizamaldin Shwbow
Published: July 2017

An analog information signals were converted to discrete-analog signals by the process of sampling. A naturally sampled signals were modified to a PAM (Pulse Amplitude Modulation) signal by flattening the pulse tops to give rectangular pulses, PAM signals were multiplexed together by interleaving the samples of the tributary information signals, The resulting TDM (Time Division Multiplexing) signal had narrower pulses, and therefore greater bandwidth, than was neccessary for each tributary signal alone, This paper discusses the using of EWB package to produce time-division multiplexed PAM signals.
Scientific research of the Federal Pulmonology Research Institute and its role for improvement of respiratory care quality in Russia
Authors: Bilichenko T. A. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: July 2017

Significant improvement in the respiratory care management inRussian Federationduring the previous five years has resulted in improvement in diagnosis of respiratory diseases, quality of outpatient and in-hospital care, and decrease in mortality from respiratory diseases. This is a review of scientific papers, books, and guidelines published by researchers of the Federal Pulmonology Research Institute. The review reflects a contribution of the institute staff to the improvement of respiratory care and the public health inRussia. The main scientific directions of the institute are the public health monitoring and epidemiological studies that evaluate prevalence of respiratory diseases inRussia. Other research directions include improvement in the primary and secondary prevention, improvement in primary and specialized outpatient and in-hospital respiratory care management, and improvement in diagnosis and treatment of work-related respiratory diseases. Novel approaches to respiratory care of advanced disease, post-surgery rehabilitation and orphan respiratory diseases have been described in the article. To improve prevention of the diseases, novel markers of chronic respiratory diseases were searched and new medications were evaluated. The authors concluded that further scientific directions of Russian pulmonology could include molecular investigations of respiratory diseases, prevention and early diagnosis of orphan diseases, personalized management and rehabilitation of patients with chronic respiratory diseases and implementation of innovative methods of diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation aimed at further decrease in mortality from respiratory diseases.
Diagnosis of respiratory diseases using the proteomic analysis of exhaled breath condensate
Authors: Anaev E. Kh. , Fedorchenko K. Yu. , Kushaeva M. E. , Ryabokon' A. M. , Kononikhin A. S. , Barmin V. V. , Pikin O. V. , Popov I. A. , Nikolaev E. N. , Varfolomeev S. D. , Chuchalin A. G.
Published: July 2017

Investigation of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) is a noninvasive diagnostic method in respiratory diseases. The objective of this study was to compare EBC protein spectrum in healthy volunteers and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pneumonia and lung cancer (NSCLC), as well as to assess a role of proteomic analysis of EBC for diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases. Methods. We examined 18 patients with COPD, 13 patients with community-acquired pneumonia, 26 patients with lung cancer and 24 healthy non-smoking volunteers. EBC was collected using ECoScreen system (VIASYS Healthcare, Germany) and a standardized method. EBC-samples were lyophilized, hydrolyzed and analyzed by HPLC and tandem mass spectrometry. To identify proteins, we used Mascot (Matrix Science, UK) and IPI-human (version 3.82) databases provided by the European Bioinformatics Institute. Results. Proteomic analysis of EBC identified more than 300 different proteins; most of them were types I and II cytoskeletal keratins. Cytokeratin 5, 6, and 14 concentrations in EBC of NSCLC patients were significantly higher than that in healthy volunteers. Dermcidin, immunoglobulin alpha, kininogen, cytoplasmic actin, serum albumin, and Zn-alpha2-glycoprotein were identified in EBC of healthy volunteers and patients with COPD and pneumonia. High concentration of peroxiredoxin in EBC of COPD patients could be due to severe oxidative stress. High levels of acute-phase and hypoxia proteins (annexins A1 and A2, HSP90B, cystatins M and B, collagen and histones fragments) were detected in EBC of pneumonia patients. Also, β- и α-subunit of hemoglobin, nuclear ubiquitin casein (NUCKS), POTEE, high mobility group protein (HMG-I/HMG-Y) and lactoferrin were identified in EBC of NSCLC patients. Conclusion. We found that EBC in healthy nonsmokers and in patients with COPD, pneumonia and NSCLC had characteristic protein spectrum. Most of the identified proteins could be used for diagnosis of these diseases.
Granulomatous lung diseases
Authors: Samsonova M. V. , Chernyaev A. L.
Published: July 2017

Granulomatous lung disease is a heterogeneous group of diseases with different etiology, clinical symptoms and tissue damage, and different response to therapy. The prevalent histological sign of granulomatous lung disease is granuloma which is the clinical and morphological entity of this disease. The aim of this review was to describe a diversity of granulomatous diseases, key morphological features of infectious and non-infectious granulomatosis, and a diagnostic approach. Granuloma is a result of chronic inflammation involving cells of macrophage system and other inflammatory cells. Antigens activate T-lymphocytes, macrophages, epithelioid cells and polynuclear giant cells which form granuloma. Also, granuloma contains the extracellular matrix that is produced by fibroblasts and is intended to isolate the antigen. Granulomas could be infectious and non-infectious but, according to recent findings, microorganisms could cause granuloma formation in cases considered as non-infectious diseases. Therefore, sometimes it is difficult to estimate infectious or non-infectious origin of the disease.
GOLD 2017: what change were made in global strategy of treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and why?
Authors: Barabanova E. N.
Published: July 2017

In 1997, the International Expert group on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has come to decision to initiate the Global Initiative for COPD (GOLD). The first GOLD report was published in 2001 and provided the basis for many national programs for COPD diagnosis and management. Research data accumulated in the next decade allowed to perform complete revision of global strategy in 2011 (updated 2013), considering personalized approach to prognosis and treatment selection in an individual patient. At the end of2016, anew comprehensive reassessment of GOLD report was released. The ABCD assessment tool has been refined; the role of spirometry in COPD management has been updated. Regular assessment of inhaler technique to improve the disease control has been emphasized. New data on therapy with long-acting β2-agonists/long acting anticholinergic combinations and «triple therapy» have been added. Classification of severity of COPD exacerbations was provided and impact of concomitant diseases was stressed. The section on pulmonary rehabilitation has been amplified.
Concordance of two sputum smear microscopy for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pala Star , Lynrah Kyrshan G.
Published: July 2017

Background: Under revised National tuberculosis control program two sputum samples are to be collected for diagnosis of presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis case. The objective of this study is to find the concordance of both sputum smear microscopy samples at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: Hospital based record was collected from designated microscopy center laboratory register. The data collected were from January 2015 to November 2016. Results: A total of 2117 paired of sputum sample were collected for the year 2015-16 in one of the DMC of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 183 patient (at least one sputum sample) were positive (8.64%) and 1934 were both negative. Among the positive sample concordance for both spot and morning samples were 89% (163/183) and discordance where spot sample positive and morning sample negative was 4.91% (9/183) and where spot sample negative and morning sample positive was 6.01% (11/183). Overall discordance between spot and morning samples were only 0.94% (20/2117). Conclusions: There is a good concordance of two sputum samples. Discordance of two sputum samples were <1% in a tertiary care hospital. One sample may be sufficient for operational purpose for diagnosis of pulmonary Tb. But to have a robust recommendation a RCT will be required to see the extent of discordance by ruling out bias in sputum smear examination.
Optimizing Capacity Assignment in Multiservice MPLS Networks
Authors: Rassaki Abdoul , Nel Andre
Published: July 2017

The general Multiprotocol Label Switch (MPLS) topology optimisation problem is complex and concerns the optimum selection of links, the assignment of capacities to these links and the routing requirements on these links. Ideally, all these are jointly optimised, leading to a minimum cost network which continually meets given objectives on network delay and throughput. In practice, these problems are often dealt with separately and a solution iterated. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that computes the shortest routes, assigns optimal flows to these routes and simultaneously determines optimal link capacities. We take into account the dynamic adaptation of optimal link capacities by considering the same Quality of Service (QoS) measure used in the flow assignment problem in combination with a blocking model for describing call admission controls (CAC) in multiservice broadband telecommunication networks. The main goal is to achieve statistical multiplexing advantages with multiple traffic and QoS classes of connections that share a common trunk present. We offer a mathematical programming model of the problem and proficient solutions which are founded on a Lagrangean relaxation of the problem. Experimental findings on 2-class and 6-class models are reported.
Adaptive SVM for Data Stream Classification
Authors: Lawal Isah A. , Abdulkarim Salihu A.
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we address the problem of learning an adaptive classifier for the classification of continuous streams of data. We present a solution based on incremental extensions of the Support Vector Machine (SVM) learning paradigm that updates an existing SVM whenever new training data are acquired. To ensure that the SVM effectiveness is guaranteed while exploiting the newly gathered data, we introduce an on-line model selection approach in the incremental learning process. We evaluated the proposed method on real world applications including on-line spam email filtering and human action classification from videos. Experimental results show the effectiveness and the potential of the proposed approach.
A Mobile Augmented Reality Emulator for Android
Authors: Munro Donald , Calitz Andre , Vogts Dieter
Published: July 2017

Augmented Reality (AR) provides a fusion of the real and virtual worlds by superimposing virtual objects on real world scenery. The implementation of AR on mobile devices is known as Mobile Augmented Reality (MAR). MAR is in its infancy and MAR development software is in the process of maturing. Dating back to the origin of Computer Science as an independent field, software development tools have been an integral part of the process of software creation. MAR, being a relatively new technology, is still lacking such related software development tools.

With the rapid progression of mobile devices, the development of MAR applications fusing advanced Computer Vision techniques with mobile device sensors have become increasingly feasible. However, testing and debugging of MAR applications present a new challenge in that they require the developer be at the location that is being augmented at some point during the development process.

In this research study, a MAR recorder application was developed as well as emulation class libraries for Android devices that allows the recording and off-site playback of video, location and motion sensor data. The research objective was to provide a software emulator which provides debugging, testing and prototyping capabilities for a MAR application including the ability to emulate the combination of computer vision with locational and motion sensors using previously recorded data. The emulator was evaluated using different mobile technologies. The results indicate that this research could assist developers of MAR applications to implement applications more rapidly, without being at the location.
E-Government Implementation: A Reflection on South African Municipalities
Authors: Mawela Tendani , Ochara Nixon Muganda , Twinomurinzi Hossana
Published: July 2017

The objective of the paper was to understand the challenges towards e-Government implementation in South Africa. The paper contributes to the ongoing discussion regarding the challenges facing e-government implementations in developing nations. It presents the outcomes of several discussions conducted with representatives from the municipal sector. These included semi structured interviews and a workshop with 40 attendees resulting in qualitative primary data. Through the application of an inductive thematic data analysis, the paper reflects on the critical role that municipalities hold in pursuing e-Government. It further discusses the different stakeholders that may influence the manifestation of e-Government for municipalities. It also highlights the barriers identified by respondents that require consideration from local government. The barriers include governance related issues, access to resources, leadership, ICT skills and funding.
Exploring Procedural Decision Support Systems for Wicked Problem Resolution
Authors: Pretorius Carianne
Published: July 2017

Wicked problems are hyper-complex problems that are not solvable via traditional methods. Some common examples of these include issues such as poverty, climate change, business strategy, and general policy development, which all have high stakes and no straightforward solution. The ambiguity of these problems can be particularly frustrating for the individuals and organizations that encounter them, as the very essence of these problems is elastic and unstable. Additionally, attempts to tame wicked problems tend to be irrevocable — for better or for worse — as the problem itself shifts in unpredictable ways in response. Decision support systems (DSSs) have long been considered a panacea for a number of highly complex problems in light of their potential to store, retrieve, and manipulate information to aid decision making. However, classical DSSs, being originally intended for semi-structured types of problems, are rendered practically impotent in the presence of wicked problems and their associated complexities. Thus, this article investigates the possibility of DSSs that rely on procedural rationality as an alternative strategy for resolving wicked problems. An empirical literature review is utilized to build and present an integrated, descriptive model for the design, development, and use of such DSSs for resolving wicked problems.
An Assessment of Algorithms for Deriving Failure Deterministic Finite Automata
Authors: Nxumalo Madoda , Kourie Derrick G , Cleophas Loek , Watson Bruce W
Published: July 2017

Failure deterministic finite automata (FDFAs) represent regular languages more compactly than deterministic finite automata (DFAs). Four algorithms that convert arbitrary DFAs to language-equivalent FDFAs are empirically investigated. Three are concrete variants of a previously published abstract algorithm, the DFA-Homomorphic Algorithm (DHA). The fourth builds a maximal spanning tree from the DFA to derive what it calls a delayed input DFA. A first suite of test data consists of DFAs that recognise randomised sets of finite length keywords. Since the classical Aho-Corasick algorithm builds an optimal FDFA from such a set (and only from such a set), it provides benchmark FDFAs against which the performance of the general algorithms can be compared. A second suite of test data consists of random DFAs generated by a specially designed algorithm that also builds language-equivalent FDFAs, some of which may have non-divergent cycles. These random FDFAs provide (not necessarily tight) lower bounds for assessing the effectiveness of the four general FDFA generating algorithms.
Guest Editorial: SAICSIT 2016 extended papers
Authors: Marnewick Carl , Coulter Duncan
Published: July 2017

This guest editorial outlines the way papers from the SAICSIT 2016 conference were selected, extended and reviewed and summarizes the key content of each paper.
Isolement de 28 souches de Salmonella à partir de ganglions mésentériques de porcs sains abattus à Dakar
Authors: Chambron Jacques , Martel J.L. , Sarrat H. , Doutre M.P.
Published: July 2017

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La tuberculose bovine à Madagascar
Authors: Blancou Jean , Rorhbach C. , Perdrix A. , Choquel Pierre , Rosner Guy
Published: July 2017

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La Mammomonogamose des ruminants domestiques et sauvages
Authors: Graber M. , Euzéby Jacques , Gevrey J. , Troncy Pierre-Maurice , Thal J.
Published: July 2017

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Etude de l'action anthelminthique d'un dérivé halogéné de la Salicylanilide vis-à-vis de Fasciola gigantica
Authors: Bouchet Alain , Daynès Pierre , Birgi M.
Published: July 2017

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Marquage des Glossines au moyen de radio-isotopes
Authors: Cuisance Dominique , Itard Jacques
Published: July 2017

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Engraissement intensif de zébus Peulh sénégalais (Gobra). 3e partie : mâles entiers ou castrés - 3 à 5 ans, et boeufs - 7 à 9 ans
Authors: Valenza J. , Calvet H. , Orue J. , Wane A.M.
Published: July 2017

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Utilisation des drêches de brasserie et du contenu du rumen de bovins dans l'alimentation de poules pondeuses
Authors: Laurent J. , De Vanssay De
Published: July 2017

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Composition en acides-aminés de quelques graminées fourragères de Madagascar
Authors: Gaulier R. , Lauron M. , Alexandre F.
Published: July 2017

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Le Kouri : race bovine du lac Tchad. I. Introduction générale à son étude zootechnique et biochimique : origines et écologie de la race
Authors: Quéval R. , Petit J.P. , Tacher Georges , Provost Alain , Pagot Jean
Published: July 2017

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Identification de certaines souches de mycoplasmes de la chèvre à l'espèce Mycoplasma mycoides var. mycoides
Authors: Perreau Pierre , Legoff C. , Bréard Alain
Published: July 2017

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Etude complémentaire sur les carences minérales rencontrées dans les troupeaux du Nord Sénégal
Authors: Friot Dominique , Calvet H.
Published: July 2017

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Extériorisation des potentialités génétiques du zébu Peulh sénégalais (Gobra)
Authors: Denis Jean-Pierre , Valenza J.
Published: July 2017

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Essais d'embouche du Zébu Malgache
Authors: Serres Henri , Gilibert J. , Dubois Paul , De Reviers B. , Tardif J.
Published: July 2017

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Valeurs bouchères des zébus à Madagascar
Authors: Gilibert J.
Published: July 2017

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Protection antipestique conférée aux bovins par le virus de la rougeole. II. Vaccination des veaux nés de mères elles-mêmes vaccinées avec la souche MB 113 Y
Authors: Provost Alain , Maurice Yves
Published: July 2017

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Etude de quelques propriétés physico-chimiques du virus de l'encéphalomyélite porcine malgache
Authors: Ramisse J. , Serres Henri , Rasolofomanana P. , Rakotondramary E.
Published: July 2017

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Edwardsiella tarda et colimétrie. Un point de bactériologie pratique d'intérêt épidémiologique
Authors: Chamoiseau G.
Published: July 2017

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Recherches sur le métabolisme du rumen chez les bovins tropicaux. Première partie : matériel, méthodes et étude de trois fourrages utilisés au Sénégal
Authors: Calvet H. , Boudergues R. , Remesy Christian , Archambault de Vencay J.
Published: July 2017

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Recherches sur le métabolisme du rumen chez les bovins tropicaux. Troisième partie : différences dans l'utilisation des rations entre les zébus Gobra et les taurins Ndama
Authors: Archambault de Vencay J. , Calvet H. , Boudergues R.
Published: July 2017

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Engraissement intensif de zébus Peulh sénégalais (Gobra). IIe partie : mâles castrés - 7 à 10 ans - poids moyen 330 kg
Authors: Valenza J. , Calvet H. , Orue J. , Wane A.M.
Published: July 2017

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La culture des sorghos fourragers à Madagascar. Utilisation à contre-saison
Authors: Granier P. , Bigot Alain
Published: July 2017

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Composition en acides aminés de quelques tourteaux de Madagascar
Authors: Gaulier R. , Serres Henri
Published: July 2017

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Notes sur les babésioses et l'anapasmose des bovins à Madagascar. VI. Prémunition artificielle
Authors: Uilenberg Gerrit
Published: July 2017

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A propos de l'action du Bitin-S et du Bromophénophos sur les formes immatures de Fasciola gigantica
Authors: Graber M. , Birgi E. , Troncy Pierre-Maurice
Published: July 2017

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Analyse des hémoglobines du zébu arabe (Bos indicus)
Authors: Quéval R. , Petit J.P. , Hascoet M.C.
Published: July 2017

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Engraissement intensif de zébus Peulh sénégalais (Gobra). 1re partie : mâles entiers - 3 à 5 ans - poids moyen 255 kg
Authors: Valenza J. , Calvet H. , Orue J. , Wane A.M.
Published: July 2017

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Recherches immunologiques sur la péripneumonie. XIV. Description de deux techniques applicables sur le terrain pour le diagnostic de la maladie
Authors: Provost Alain , Alloum D. , Gombot N.
Published: July 2017

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Etude des propriétés biologiques du virus de l'encéphalomyélite porcine malgache
Authors: Ramisse J. , Serres Henri , Rasolofomanana P. , Rakotondramary E. , Randriamampianina R.
Published: July 2017

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Parasitisme et mortalité chez les veaux malgaches. Influence du déparasitage sur la composition des troupeaux
Authors: Daynès Pierre , Bouchet Alain
Published: July 2017

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Essais de transmission cyclique de trypanosomes du groupe congolense (2e note)
Authors: Maillot L.
Published: July 2017

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Etude sur la composition moyenne de troupeaux de bovins de Haute-Volta et de Côte d'Ivoire en fonction de l'âge et du sexe
Authors: Gidel Robert
Published: July 2017

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Deux maladies aviaires nouvelles au Tchad : la laryngotrachéite et la maladie de Gumboro
Authors: Provost Alain , Borredon C. , Bocquet P.
Published: July 2017

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Une nouvelle variété de Pennistium purpureum var. Kisozi. Son exploitation et sa valeur fourragère à Madagascar
Authors: Granier P.
Published: July 2017

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Elevage et coopération en Afrique tropicale. L'exemple du Sénégal
Authors: N'Diaye Ahmadou Lamine , Ba C.
Published: July 2017

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L'ensilage des racines de manioc
Authors: Serres Henri , Tillon J.P.
Published: July 2017

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Enquête sur la pathologie de la faune sauvage en Afrique centrale. Le parasitisme des Suidés sauvages. Premiers résultats d'enquête
Authors: Troncy Pierre-Maurice , Graber M. , Thal J.
Published: July 2017

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Parasites recueillis en Afrique Centrale dans l'appareil circulatoire du buffle (Bubalus (syncerus) caffer, Sparrman 1779) et de diverses antilopes
Authors: Graber M. , Euzéby Jacques , Troncy Pierre-Maurice , Thal J.
Published: July 2017

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Extériorisation des potentialités du zebu Gobra. Résultats des abattages pratiqués en 1971
Authors: Denis Jean-Pierre , Valenza J. , Thiongane Alpha Ibrahima
Published: July 2017

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Embouche intensive des zébus de l'Adamaoua. II. Influence de la durée de la période d'embouche (1971)
Authors: Lhoste Philippe , Dumas R. , Haon P.
Published: July 2017

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Essais d'embouche intensive de taurins (Jersey x N'Dama) en Côte d'Ivoire
Authors: Jouve Jean-Louis , Letenneur Léon
Published: July 2017

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Valeur de l'immunité conférée par un vaccin mixte antibovipestique-antipéripneumonique lyophilisé préparé à l'aide de la souche T 1 (S-R)
Authors: Doutre M.P. , Chambron Jacques , Bourdin P.
Published: July 2017

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Une amélioration spectaculaire en production laitière dans la vallée de rio Cauca en Colombie. Méthodes et résultats
Authors: Ponsardin P.
Published: July 2017

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Les mycobactéries atypiques d'origine animale étudiées à Dakar de 1966 à 1970
Authors: Chambron Jacques , Sarrat H. , Castets Michel
Published: July 2017

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Comparaison de techniques pratiques de diagnostic de la tuberculose bovine
Authors: Blancou Jean-Marie
Published: July 2017

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Etudes immunologiques sur le trypanosomoses. I - Existence d'un type antigénique de base chez une souche de Trypanosoma congolense Broden, 1904. Variations après transmission cyclique
Authors: Uilenberg Gerrit , Giret Michel
Published: July 2017

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Essais cliniques du Nitroxynil dans le traitement de l'ankylostomose des chiens
Authors: Troncy Pierre-Maurice , Delaitre Jean-Jacques
Published: July 2017

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Les incidences économiques des activités du vétérinaire
Authors: Godfrain J.C.
Published: July 2017

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