bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co constructing National Identity in the Era of Identity Chaos
Authors: Ray Shovana , Singh Jitendra Kumar
Published: March 2021

At cognitive level, preliminary idea of nation and existence of a national group is essential to have a sense of national identity. For adolescents, evolving concept of social groups and possible affiliations with them starts during this period. Factors such as process of socialisation, schooling and exposure to media determines how an adolescent conceptualises the nation and reflects attachmentwith it. As adolescents are considered as the future citizens, this study aimed at tapping their perceptual understanding of nation. This study was conducted with volunteer adolescent students from senior secondary sections of four Delhi based school. They wrote essays on Indian national identity organised according to cue questions, given beforehand. Based on legibility and content appropriateness, 130 essays were selected for further grounded theory analysis. National identity was defined using references from native cultural constituents, such as norms, heritage, traditions, customs, and social values. Identity derived from nation was positive and filled with pride when contents were about patriotism and multiculturalism. However, sharp comments on perceived inadequacy of government were supported with appalling cases of disharmony. The expressions elucidating national identity were described more on the basis of external events than self-references. A possible inference may be drawn that adolescents’ experienceswere in formative stage and hence were restricted to terminologies acquired from popular media.
Inter Group Perception and Experience Exploration in the Lives of Northeasterners NE in India
Authors: Chanu Mayanglambam Omega , Sharad Shivantika
Published: March 2021

Over the years, the importance of historically neglected North East (NE) India has gained momentum. Previous studies in Psychology have focused either on identity of NE people, migration, acculturation or prejudice. Research on perception of NE (Indian) people by non-NE people (Indian) and vice-versa has been scanty. The present study attempts to understand perception of Northeast (NE) students of India by non-NE students (primarily North Indian/NI students staying in Delhi) using a sentence completion task. Participants consisted of female college students and research scholars; (N=30, mean age = 20.8 years). The study also takes into account the rising cases of racism against NE people in India during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results from the empirical study indicate a general and superficial understanding of NE by non-NE participants. Findings are overall positive, showing that educated and aware student community do not explicitly view NE through the lens of stereotype and prejudice. Yet subtle biases were present. On the contrary, a number of news reports point towards the incidences of prejudice and discrimination against NE people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary data analysis clearly indicates the level of dehumanisation and discrimination that NE people are experiencing. Thus the study calls for more attention of researchers to dive deeper into these opposite trends and bring out the subtle forms of misperceptions to bridge the gulf between NE people and non-NE people. Results indicate that perhaps positive changes are happening only at explicit level, and at implicit level people still harbour negative perceptions and attitudes, which manifests during times of crisis. The findings have been explained with the help of Terror Management Theory.
Kandidasi Calon Anggota Legislatif Koruptor: Refleksi atas Pemilu 2019 di Malang
Authors: Allahi Hadityo Anugrah , Rahman Fathur
Published: March 2021

Tujuan dari penelitian ini mendeskripsikan proses kandidasi calon anggota legislatif koruptor dari Partai Demokrat dan Gerindra pada Pemilu 2019 di Kota Malang. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori kandidasi, rekrutmen politik dan seleksi kandidat dari Austin Ranney. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua calon legislatif (Caleg) dari Dapil Lowokwaru yang bernama Indra Tjahyono (ITJ) dan Teguh Puji Wahyono (TPW) dan kedua orang ini berstatus koruptor. Namun, kedua caleg ini masih terdaftar dalam Daftar Calon Tetap (DCT) yang dikeluarkan oleh Komisi Pemilihan Umum (KPU) Kota Malang. Pada saat pemungutan suara Pemilu 2019 kedua caleg koruptor masih terdaftar di surat suara Pemilu sedangkan caleg koruptor dari partai yang lain diganti oleh caleg yang baru. Kemudian dalam proses kandidasi yang dilakukan oleh kedua partai politik tersebut telah membuka pendaftaran bacaleg dari masyarakat umum atau dari eksternal partai tersebut. Hal yang kontras ditemukan, kedua partai politik ini tetap mengusung caleg koruptor dalam Pemilu 2019 karena mempertimbangkan aspek loyalitas terhadap partai politik pengusung.
Selebritis Menjadi Politisi: Studi tentang Bagaimana Selebritis Menang atau Kalah dalam Pemilu Legislatif
Authors: Subandi HB Habibi , Ubaid Ahmad Hasan
Published: March 2021

Artikel ini menyorot model pemasaran politik dengan memanfaatkan kandidat caleg selebritis pada Pemilu 2019. Untuk itu studi ini berupaya menjawab fenomena maraknya pencalonan selebritis sebagai caleg DPR RI, yang dikaitkan dengan sistem pemilu yang berorientasi pada figur. Kajian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus, khususnya dengan melacak bagaimana performa politisi selebritis selama kampanye. Adapun data yang dipakai adalah data survey Laboratorium Politik dan Rekayasa Kebijakan (Lapora) di Dapil Jawa Timur I, V, dan VIII. Hasil riset menyimpulkan bahwa seiring munculnya metode penghitungan suara saint lague, tingkat keterpilihan politisi selebritis semakin lemah dalam kontestasi antar calon legislatif dan antar partai. Mesin partai dan popularitas partai justru menjadi supporting system yang menentukan keterpilihan seorang calon anggota legislatif. Selebritis yang akhirnya terpilih, tidak terlepas dari keberhasilan mereka dalam mengkonsolidasikan tim pemenangan partai, merancang program-program pemasaran politik yang langsung menyasar pemilih, dan pencitraan politik yang menggunakan episentrum masyarakat sebagai komunikasi parasosial.
Gratifikasi di Badan Usaha Milik Negara Berdasarkan Motif Kecurangan: Sebuah Tinjauan Literatur
Authors: Iskandar Irvan Sebastian , Kurniawan Teguh
Published: March 2021

Menurut laporan Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi (KPK) dari tahun 2015 sampai 2019, jumlah laporan gratifikasi pada Badan Usaha Milik Negara di Indonesia menempati urutan kedua terbanyak setelah lembaga eksekutif. Kasus gratifikasi merupakan tindakan kecurangan yang sebenarnya bisa menjerat pelaku sebagai bentuk tindakan korupsi. Perbuatan gratifikasi tidak boleh lagi dianggap remeh layaknya perbuatan korupsi lainnya. Untuk itu, butuh penjelasan yang mendalam guna menguraikan terjadinya tindakan ini. Dengan metode kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan penggunaan faktor-faktor penyebab pada teori motif kecurangan, tulisan ini mencoba menjelaskan mengapa gratifikasi terjadi. Sayangnya, meski dilarang dan ada ancaman hukuman pidana korupsi, praktik ini masih kerap diterima dan terjadi oleh para penyelenggara negara yang ada di BUMN. Hasilnya, ada beberapa faktor yang dominan yang menyebabkan terjadinya praktik ini, diantaranya faktor tekanan, kesempatan, rasionalisasi, dan kapabilitas yang menjadi sebab bagi seorang penyelenggara negara melakukan perbuatan kecurangan tersebut.
Implikasi Kebijakan One China Policy dalam Kegagalan Kerjasama Sister City antara Bogor dan Tainan di Taiwan
Authors: Mahardika Muhammad Taufan , Darmawan Arif
Published: March 2021

Hubungan bilateral antara Indonesia dengan Cina salah satunya didasarkan pada prinsip One China Policy atau Kebijakan Satu China, dimana Indonesia hanya mengakui satu negara Cina yaitu Republik Rakyat Cina dan tidak mengakui secara resmi negara Taiwan. Walaupun tidak ada pengakuan secara resmi, tetapi ada hubungan diantara Indonesia dengan Taiwan, yaitu dalam sektor ekonomi dan juga pendidikan dan juga people-to-people exchange. Kemudian pemerintah daerah juga berinisiatif untuk mengadakan kerjasama dengan pemerintah daerah di Taiwan dalam bentuk Sister City, salah satunya adalah Kota Bogor yang berupaya untuk mengadakan kerjasama dengan Kota Tainan. Penelitian ini akan menganalisa bagaimana implikasi penerapan kebijakan One China Policy dalam upaya mewujudkan kerjasama sister city antara Bogor di Indonesia dengan Tainan di Taiwan. Dalam penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa implikasi kebijakan One China Policy juga sangat berpengaruh di level sub-state, sehingga kemudian kerjasama dalam bentuk sister city antara kedua kota tersebut tidak bisa terwujud, tetapi kemudian terjadi kerjasama informal antara masyarakat di kedua kota dalam bentuk kerjasama kebudayaan, people-to-people exchange dan juga business to business.
Quo Vadis Parliamentary Threshold di Indonesia
Authors: Adam Aenal Fuad , Betaubun Wellem Levi , Jalal Nur
Published: March 2021

Parliamentary Treshold sebagai syarat memperkuat sistem presidensial menjadi tajuk diskursus publik maupun ilmiah sejak penerapan sistem multipartai di Indonesia. Ada dugaan yang menjelaskan bahwa untuk membantu berjalannya sistem politik agar stabil maka diperlukan menyederhanakan jumlah partai politik melalui penerapan parliamentary threshold agar pemerintahan berjalan lebih efektif. Namun, apakah partai politik tidak akan bertumbuh,  apakah jumlah partai politik akan berkurang, dan lantas apakah hipotesis ini benar? Tujuan tulisan ini menganalisis isu naiknya angka parliamentary threshold yang diguangkan oleh elit-elit parpol di parlemen demi penyederhanaan sistem kepartaian untuk mewujudkan pemerintahan yang efektif. Artikel ini menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif dengan memakai pendekatan historis institusionalisme sebagai pisau analisisnya. Studi pustaka menjadi model memperoleh data dan dianalisis kemudian disimpulkan. Artikel ini berpendapat parliamentary treshold tidak memberikan kondisi yang cukup untuk menyederhanakan sistem kepartaian di parlemen. Pada praktiknya, sistem multipartai adalah sebuah keniscayaan yang harus diterima dalam dinamika partai politik di Indonesia. Begitu juga tumbuh kembangnya partai politik berjalan seiring dengan perkembangan pemilu dan demokrasi di Indonesia.
Türkiye’deki Merkez Sağda Devlet, Siyaset ve Hizmet İlişkisi
Authors: Cengiz Fatih Çağatay
Published: March 2021

Demokrat Parti geleneği ile başlatılabilecek olan merkez sağ siyaset, Türk Sağı’nın temsil gücü açısından en büyük kanadını oluşturmaktadır. Bu merkez sağ siyasetin milliyetçi ve İslâmcı ideolojilerle olan rabıtası ‘devlet’ kavramı söz konusu olduğunda ontolojik bir ortaklaşmanın nüvelerini göstermektedir. Devlet, kutsal bir varlık olarak milletin sadece koruyucusu olarak anlamlandırılmaz aynı zamanda pedagojik bir görev de atfedilerek yüceltilir. Böylece, millet olmanın doğal bir sonucu olarak ortaya çıkan devlet, milleti de etik değerlerle kodlar. Devletin ‘hikmet-i devlet’ olarak takdimi her ne kadar modern öncesi dönemin kutsallığına atıf yapsa da hizmet söylemi ve Makyavelist siyaset anlayışı merkez sağı, modern siyasetin gereklerini yerine getirmeye zorlamaktadır. Milletin koruyucusu olarak anlamlandırılan devletin bürokratik ve ceberut yapısı merkez sağ siyaset tarafından modern/temsili demokrasi bağlamında eleştirilir ancak bu eleştiri de pragmatizmin ve çizdiği sınırlar çerçevesinde kalır. Öte yandan ‘laf değil hizmet’ üreten siyaset, her ne kadar merkez sağın kurucu unsuru olsa da Adalet ve Kalkınma Partisi ile bu siyaset, bir nümayiş siyasetine dönüşmüştür. Diğer bir anlatımla, hizmetin yapılması kadar onun gösterimi de merkez sağ siyasetin önemli bir unsuru haline gelmektedir. Hizmetin nümayişle buluşması son kertede siyaseti de teknik bir alana sıkıştırmaktadır. Bu makale, Türkiye’deki merkez sağ siyasetin pre-modern ve modern öncüllerini incelemeyi amaçladığı gibi bu ikili arasındaki çelişkileri de açığa çıkarmayı hedeflemektedir.
Turkish Foreign Policy in the Early Republican Period: An ‘International Society’ Approach
Authors: Sula İsmail Erkam
Published: March 2021

This article presents a theoretical account of Turkish foreign policy in the early Republican Period (1919- 1938). It utilizes the international society approach of the English School theory to explain the main principles of Turkish foreign policy. The theory merges the study of international relations with history and provides a useful framework to analyze transformation of international politics. In the literature, Turkish foreign policy in the early Republican Period has usually been studied in a descriptive manner with reference to Atatürk’s vision. There are a limited number of theoretical studies that integrate IR theories with the study of the history of Turkish foreign policy. This article contributes to this emerging literature. It claims that a significant aim of Ataturk’s foreign policy was to get the new republic recognized as part of the international society to put the country under the ‘protective’ framework of the contemporary standards of international law. Turkey aimed at having peace, getting international recognition, establishing multi-lateral alliances, achieving full-independence and modernization which were closely associated with consolidating Turkey’s position in the European international society. This consolidation was expected to make the new Turkish Republic an equal member of the society. As such, the article claims that Atatürk followed a strategy that would consolidate Turkey’s position in the European international society so that the country is approached on equal-terms on the principles of international law including but not limited to sovereign-equality and non-intervention. The article relies on primary sources and a qualitative analysis of and excerpts from Atatürk’s speeches to crystallize this claim.
Matacong Island: A Short History of a Small Island on the West Coast of Africa
Authors: Ochiai Takehiko
Published: March 2021

This article aims to examine how Matacong Island, a small island just off the coast of the Republic of Guinea, West Africa, was claimed its possession by local chiefs, how it was leased to and was used by European and Sierra Leonean merchants, and how it was colonized by Britain and France in the 19th century. In 1825 the paramount chief of Moriah chiefdom agreed to lease the island to two Sierra Leonean merchants, and in 1826 it was ceded to Britain by a treaty with chiefs of the Sumbuyah and Moriah chiefdoms. Since the island was considered as a territory exempted from duty, British and Sierra Leonean merchants used it as an important trading station throughout the 19th century. Major exports of Matacong Island included palm kernels, palm oil, hides, ivory, pepper and groundnuts, originally brought by local traders from the neighboring rivers, and major imports were tobacco, beads, guns, gunpowder, rum, cotton manufactures, iron bars and hardware of various kinds. In 1853 alone, some 80 vessels, under British, American, and French flags, anchored at Matacong Island. By the convention of 1882, Britain recognized the island as belonging to France. Although the convention was never ratified, it was treated by both countries as accepted terms of agreement. The article considers various dynamics of usage, property, and territorial possession as relates to the island during the 19th century, and reveals how complex they were, widely making use of the documents of The Matacong Island (West Africa) Papers at the University of Birmingham Library in Britain. The collection purchased by the library in 1969 is composed of 265 historical documents relating to Matacong Island, such as letters, agreements, newspaper-cuttings, maps and water-color picture
Political Legitimacy and Democracy in Central Africa
Authors: Formella Collins Nkapnwo
Published: March 2021

This paper offers evidence of the intrinsic relationship between political legitimacy and democracy and scrutinizes the factors that provoke a crisis of political legitimacy and democracy in Central Africa. It contends that there is a need for the reconceptualization of political legitimacy and democracy in Africa as the conventional lines between democracy and totalitarianism seem to be clouding. It then concludes that despite the fact that democratic foundations in the region suffer from daunting challenges, demands for democratization continues to grow, resulting in the need to pay close attention to state legitimacy to ensure a democratic consolidation.
The Rift: A New Africa Breaks Free
Authors: Pásztor Szabolcs
Published: March 2021

Written by Alex Perry. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London, 2015. p. 431.
Democracy, Constitutionalism, and Politics in Africa
Authors: Formella Collins Nkapnwo
Published: March 2021

Edited by Eunice N. Sahle. Palgrave Macmillan, New York, 2017. p. 299. DOI 10.1057/978-1-137-55592-2
The New Coronavirus and World Geopolitical Transformations
Authors: Benalya Mouldi
Published: March 2021

This article studies the major transformations resulting from the global Covid-19 pandemic and how to examine it from the point of view of social philosophy through two subthemes. The first relates to understanding the state of collective panic in Spain, France, and Italy. It is logical that fear of the pandemic should not turn into a state of collective panic in societies living under technologically advanced political systems, except in cases where these societies lack the basic elements on which social ties are based. Therefore, how do we understand the fragility of these social ties in European countries where mass panic is threatening daily life? The second sub-theme is related to the gestures and features of creating a new geopolitical map that has benefitted from the geopolitical retreat of the West to consolidate other political and regional alliances, mainly the Chinese initiative to tender aid to Italy at a time when other European countries turned their backs on and closed their borders with that European Union member state. How do we understand the contribution of the pandemic in forming new geopolitical alliances that could reset the balance of power in the world?We will observe the political behavior of countries that are supposed to be the first to have shown solidarity with Italy, Spain, and France, which are members of the European Union. We analyze the factors related to the erosion of the basis on which classical European society is based, where collective panic represents one of the manifestations of this disintegration. This panic, which was expressed in the rush to buy foodstuffs and the outbreak of a “toilet paper” buying fever that spread throughout Europe and the United States, saw shelves suddenly empty without a direct reason for this fact. Also, the study determines the relationship that binds these factors to the political disintegration expressed in the lack of solidarity from parts of the European Union with the three countries most affected by the pandemic. The second part of the study discusses how China will benefit from these political developments in the West with the prevalence of collective panic due to the pandemic, especially in the case of Italy, and how China is consolidating solidarity relations with these countries, drawing a map of new international political relations as part of its Silk Road project. Also, there is a discussion of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s study on plague as a theoretical framework.
Örgütlerdeki sözel etkileşimlerin analizi için argümantasyon teorisinin kullanımı
Authors: Kurdoglu Rasim Serdar , Kayral İbrahim Halil
Published: March 2021

Matematiğin yapay diliyle karşılaştırıldığında, normalde kullanılan dil sıkça muğlaklık arz eder ve çoğunlukla objektif bir şekilde yoruma uygun değildir. Dil yorumlama yöntemleri yine de zengin sözel değerlendirmeler üretebilmektedir. Ancak bu yöntemlerin belirsizliklere açık yapısı, özellikle deneyimsiz araştırmacılar için zorlayıcı olabilmektedir. Bu boşluğu doldurmak amacıyla, bir argümantasyon teorisi olan yeni retorik, metinsel verilerden yeni teorik önermeler üretmek amacıyla argümanları sistematik olarak incelemek için kullanılabilir. Argümantasyon, mantıksal veya deneysel olarak mükemmel olmayan çıkarımlar yaratan pratik bir akıl yürütme şeklidir. Argümantasyon, formel mantık veya deneysel kanıt uygulanamadığında rasyonaliteyi kullanmanın bir yoludur. Argümantasyon analizi ise, argümanları ve argümanlara yol açan muhakeme süreçleri içindeki kişisel görüşleri sistematik olarak değerlendirmeye yarar. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışma argümantasyon analizi için beş adım önermektedir. Bu beş adım, kritik argümanların tespiti, argüman yapılarının analizi, argümanların arkasındaki niyetin tespiti ve bunlara göre hipotezler üretmeye yönelik araştırmacıyı yönlendirmektedir. Çalışmada önerilen yöntem, örgütlerdeki sözlü etkileşimlerin sorgulanmasını kolaylaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.
An examination about merchandising: How merchandising should be defined as a theory and practice?
Authors: Karabıyık H. Çağatay , Elgün Mahmut Nevfel
Published: March 2021

Discussions about the components, definition and conceptual frame of merchandising are still ongoing in the literature. On the other hand, these uncertainties prevent the scientific deepening of merchandising. So, studies that determine the conceptual frame of merchandising have become necessary to remove the obstacles. In this context, this study aims to make a new comprehensive definition of the merchandising concept after a merchandising literature review. As a result, this study defined the merchandising concept as "a theory and practice that makes the consumers' sensations align with components of all online and physical stores –provided that it interactively complies with the monolith marketing strategies- to fulfil their purchasing behaviour. Finally, the suggested definition was separated and explained to support the approach of this study. So, this study suggests a new definition of the merchandising concept to enhance both practise and theory.
The effect of the COVID-19 on sharing economy: survival analysis of Airbnb listings
Authors: Türk Umut , Sap Serap
Published: March 2021

This research investigates the survival probability of listings in the Airbnb platform during the COVID-19 period between January-October 2020 in Istanbul. In line with the research aim, Cox's Proportional Hazard Model is adopted to conduct survival analysis, where the physical and spatial attributes of Airbnb listings are used as predictors. Our findings show that while physical attributes show similarity to previous findings, spatial attributes show substantial differences in the Pre-COVID and Post-COVID comparison.  The contributions of the study have two facets. Theoretically, this research's findings contribute to the current literature by understanding the changing consumer preferences and identifying the factors that affect Airbnb listings' survival rates during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings may also help practitioners understand changing customers' preferences during COVID, especially in terms of locational choices. Moreover, customer feedback's quality and quantity might help the Airbnb hosts to improve their service quality, attract more customers, and be more resilient under the changing conditions.
El genocidio reorganizador en Colombia: el asesinato de líderes sociales y defensores de derechos humanos como genocidio contra un grupo nacional
Authors: Castañeda Durán Juan Felipe
Published: March 2021

Los asesinatos de líderes sociales y defensores de derechos humanos no son acontecimientos aislados, sino que responden a un plan sistemático de exterminio contra los liderazgos de las poblaciones opuestas a la imposición de un modelo económico latifundista, extractivista y agroindustrial. El presente artículo, a través de la identificación del grupo nacional que representan los defensores de derechos humanos y líderes sociales, así como de los actores que están exterminándolos, hace un estudio del concepto del genocidio desde el softlaw, para argumentar por qué el asesinato de esta población constituye un genocidio cimentado en la doctrina de la seguridad nacional, que ha adoptado distintas formas a lo largo de su aplicación en Colombia.
Conditions for Successful Active Investment in Terms of the State and the Far-sighted Interests of the Business
Authors: Vasylenko Yuriy
Published: March 2021

For the macro characteristic of active investment, we introduced the concept of the technical productivity of investment. It characterizes an investment’s capacity to reduce the norm of material or labor costs.Based on the technical productivity of investment, we derived the equation (not identity) of economic dynamics.We have proposed measuring the efficiency of investments by added-value to reflect their effectiveness for the business owner’s far-sighted interests in minimizing the turnover of skilled workers. We have proposed to use the criteria in terms of the state – the maximum of the real GDP growth and the maximum of the sum of real GDP for the country as a whole.We defined the limits of an investment’s technical productivity, for which the investor receives the desired payback or effectiveness, and an economy in maximal development.For this, we used our causal simulation model of Ukraine’s economy dynamics, which, in contrast to the known models, reflects the main types of legal and shadow economic activities in their relationships.
Macroeconomic Uncertainty and Empirical Research Results of its Quantitative Measurement in Georgia
Authors: Kbiladze David , Metreveli Shorena , Kbiladze Tamar
Published: March 2021

The present article describes the approaches and definition of the concept of uncertainty proposed by its authors, a quantitative evaluation of uncertainty, and materials of the empirical study used to explore the said issues on the example of macroeconomics of Georgia. We hope that the views given in the article will be useful for developing countries, particularly for the economic policy-makers in the post-communist states, as well as for the academic and scientific circles engaged in the studies of the above-listed issues.
Evaluating agrogenic structurization of soil variants under different application modes in the Forest-Steppe
Authors: Bulygin S. Yu. , Demydenko O. V. , Velychko V. A. , Tkachenko M. A. , Vitvitskyi S. V.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To develop the general normalized statistical model of organizing the structural state of the investigated soils, to
determine the vector of direction and criteria of appraising structurization of soil variants in the Forest-Steppe on macro-
and microaggregate levels of organization to obtain objective and integral information about the quality status of soil
structure and to determine the critical level of degradation, when the residual resistance against the latter is lost. Methods.
Field (investigated agrophysical properties of the most common variants in the Forest-Steppe of Ukraine: gray forest soil,
meadow-chernozem soil, typical chernozem), laboratory (air-dried sieving of soil), statistical-analytical (fractal, factor,
cluster, non-parametric statistics). Results. The combined study of the change in the state of soil structure in the most
common soils in the Forest-Steppe on two hierarchy levels demonstrated the presence of soil-genetic interval in valuable
structural units. The appraisal of several distribution series of structural soil units by dimensions in terms of stability using
fractal indices and the structurization of agronomically non-valuable fraction of microaggregates of 0.7 and
demonstrated the persistence and anti-persistence of the distribution series, namely, stability or trend. The re-grouping of
soil structure constituents occurs by dimensions depending on the soil type, and microaggregates in the amount of 0.25
mm are mostly involved in structural aggregates of 1-0.25 mm and less so in more valuable structural units of >1 mm.
Conclusions. It was determined that meadow-chernozem soil was the most resistant to anthropogenic impact (introduc-
tion of mineral fertilizers and treatment methods). Its coeffi cient of macroaggregation was at a high level and in case of
sowing perennial grasses with the introduction of fertilizers - at a very high level. Gray forest soil was found to be less
resistant to the introduction of mineral fertilizers and typical chernozem was the most susceptible to agrophysical degra-
dation: the macroaggregation coeffi cient was at a very low level. The microaggregation coeffi cient increased from typical
chernozem to gray forest soil and meadow-chernozem which demonstrated the increase in humus content and biogenicity
in the presented series of soil variants
Dating Violence and Peer Victimization Among Male, Female, Transgender, and Gender-Expansive Youth
Authors: Garthe Rachel C. , Kaur Amandeep , Rieger Agnes , Blackburn Allyson M. , Kim Shongha , Goffnett Jacob
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Transgender adolescents experience disproportionately high rates of dating violence and peer victimization. However, research has relied on small samples of transgender youth and has not captured victimization experiences of gender-expansive youth (who do not identify as male, female, or transgender). In the current study, we address these limitations, comparing victimization by gender.

METHODS:

We examined a subsample of 4464 male, female, transgender, and gender-expansive youth (1116 per group) from the 2018 Illinois Youth Survey who were frequency matched on grade, race, geographic region, and free or reduced lunch status. Prevalence of self-reported verbal, physical, and cyber peer victimization and physical and psychological dating violence was calculated. Adjusted prevalence ratios were obtained by using log-binomial regression.

RESULTS:

The highest rates across all forms of victimization were reported among transgender (15.6%–51.6%) and gender-expansive (13.2%–41.4%) youth. Transgender youth had a 2.09 to 2.96 times higher frequency of victimization than male youth and a 1.34 to 2.65 times higher frequency of victimization than female youth. Transgender youth also had higher frequencies of specific forms of victimization than gender-expansive youth. Gender-expansive youth had a 1.83 to 2.61 times higher frequency of victimization than male youth and 1.18 to 2.35 times higher frequencies of most forms of victimization than female youth.

CONCLUSIONS:

Disparities in dating violence and peer victimization rates exist among transgender and gender-expansive adolescents compared with male and female youth. The distinct experiences of transgender and gender-expansive youth should be considered in school policies and violence prevention programs.
Community Health Workers in Home Visits and Asthma Outcomes
Authors: Shreeve Kyra , Woods Elizabeth R. , Sommer Susan J. , Lorenzi Margarita , Monteiro Kathy , Nethersole Shari , Bhaumik Urmi
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND:

The Community Asthma Initiative (CAI) was included in the New England Asthma Innovations Collaborative, which received a Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) Innovation grant. Under this grant, CAI transitioned from a mixed community health worker and nurse model to a nurse-supervised community health worker model. CMS limited enrollment to patients with Medicaid and encouraged 3 home visits per family.

METHODS:

A total of 389 patients enrolled under the CMS grant at Boston Children’s Hospital from 2013 to 2015 (CMS group) were compared with 733 CAI patients with Medicaid enrolled from 2005 to 2012 (comparison group). Changes in 5 asthma-related measures (emergency department visits, hospitalizations, physical activity limitations, missed school days, and parent and/or guardian missed workdays) were compared between baseline and 6 and 12 months postenrollment. Measures were analyzed as dichotomous variables using logistic regression. Numbers of occurrences were analyzed as continuous variables. Changes in quality of life (QoL) among the CMS group were examined through a 13-question survey with activity and emotional health subscales.

RESULTS:

Although patients in both groups exhibited improvement in all measures, the CMS group had greater odds of decreased hospitalizations (odds ratio 3.13 [95% confidence interval 1.49–6.59]), missed school days (1.91 [1.09–3.36]), and parent and/or guardian missed workdays (2.72 [1.15–6.41]) compared to the comparison group. Twelve months postenrollment, the CMS group experienced improvement in all QoL questions and subscales (all P values <.01).

CONCLUSIONS:

The CMS group showed improved outcomes for hospitalizations and missed school and workdays compared to the comparison group. The CMS group also exhibited significant improvement in QoL.
Clusterização em dados de qualidade da água de uma lagoa localizada no Sul do Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Rodrigues Thaís Noble , Centeno Luana Nunes , Cecconello Samanta Tolentino
Published: March 2021

A qualidade da água é fortemente influenciada pelas diversas atividades antrópicas existente no entorno dos corpos d´água. Frente a isto, este estudo objetivou analisar a similaridade entre os parâmetros de qualidade da água da Lagoa Mirim, através da análise de agrupamentos. Utilizaram-se dados secundários de qualidade da água, a saber: pH, Temperatura da água, Condutividade Elétrica, Turbidez, Fósforo Total, Nitrogênio Total Kjeldahl, Oxigênio Consumido, Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio, Oxigênio dissolvido, Sólidos Totais e Coliformes Termotolerantes. Foram adotados dois períodos para análise, sendo o período 1 dos meses de janeiro a junho e período 2 de julho a dezembro de 2017. Utilizou-se a Distância Euclidiana e o método de Ward’s. No primeiro período ocorreu a formação de três grupos e no segundo período, foram formados quatro grupos. Através do agrupamento para cada período inferiu-se sobre as possíveis fontes de poluição da Lagoa Mirim. Conclui-se que o método de agrupamentos se mostrou adequado para identificar as variáveis de qualidade da água com maiores similaridades durante os períodos estudados.
Palavras-chave: Análise de cluster; fonte de poluição; atividades antrópicas.
Mapeamento da área de cobertura do sinal 4G de telefonia móvel na cidade de Itaqui- RS
Authors: Tameirão Thainan Tammy , Baratto Pablo Francisco Benitez
Published: March 2021

Os sistemas de comunicação móvel têm influenciado cada vez mais o cotidiano da população em todo o mundo. A quarta geração (4G) de tecnologia de telefonia já está sendo implementada no Brasil, mas, desde a primeira geração, a dificuldade encontrada foi a padronização dos aparelhos e a expansão da tecnologia nos extremos do território nacional. Pelas regras da ANATEL, a cobertura do serviço de telefonia móvel das operadoras deve atender ao pré-requisito de prestação de serviço de 80% da área urbana das sedes dos municípios. Diante do exposto, a área de cobertura de sinal das operadoras de telefonia é uma questão-chave e uma poderosa ferramenta para a representação de dados espaciais da atualidade é um Sistema de Informação Geográfica (SIG), que permite análises embasadas na informação espacial obtida. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho visou realizar um mapeamento da disponibilidade e intensidade do sinal 4G na cidade de Itaqui. A área de estudo foi a área urbana do município de Itaqui-RS. Foram realizadas visitas aos locais de instalação das Estações Rádio-base (ERBs) nas quais foram confirmadas suas coordenadas geodésicas a partir do rastreio realizado pelo dispositivo GNSS RTK.
Palavras-chave: Estação Rádio-Base; 4G; Long Time Evolution; Cartografia; SIG.
Studying the Heart Sutra
Authors: Attwood Jayarava
Published: March 2021

This article illustrates the importance of research methods in Buddhist Studies using the recent article on the Heart Sutra by Ng and Anando (2019) as a case study. The authors make a novel conjecture about the Heart Sutra to explain a difference between the Xinjing (T 251) and the Damingzhoujing (T 250) but in doing so they neglect the relevant research methods and critical thinking. Their selection of literary resources is somewhat erratic and their evaluation of them appears to contain bias. The authors did not consult relevant Sanskrit texts (including the Sanskrit Heart Sutra). The logic applied to their source materials appears to be faulty at times and this causes them to arrive at an unconvincing conclusion. By going over the same ground, using more appropriate methods and materials, a far better explanation of the problem emerges.
El culto lícito a los Santos y Beatos (canon 1187)
Authors: Gandía-Barber Juan-Damián
Published: March 2021

El artículo pretende explicitar exegéticamente los contenidos del can. 1187 comenzando por su proceso de su redacción. En el comentario del canon se llevará a cabo una necesaria clarificación de conceptos, se diferenciarán los actos de la canonización y la beatificación, los de culto público y privado, los actos lícitos de culto a los Siervos de Dios y el culto público lícito que se puede otorgar a los Beatos y a los Santos.
Contratación pública en el derecho canónico. Algunas consideraciones acerca del «Motu Proprio» de 19 de mayo de 2020, sobre transparencia, control y competencia en la adjudicación de contratos públicos de la Santa Sede y del Estado de la Ciudad del Vaticano
Authors: Solá-Granell Pilar
Published: March 2021

SUMARIO: 1. Contratación pública: integridad y eficiencia. 2. El contrato público en el derecho de la Iglesia. 3. Principales medidas adoptadas en el Motu Proprio de 19 de mayo de 2020. 3.1. Regulación de procedimientos públicos de adjudicación. 3.2. Requisitos de integridad de los empleados y operadores económicos. 3.3. Medidas de control y vigilancia. 3.4. Rentabilidad de los recursos. 3.5. Una apuesta por las medidas sancionadoras. 4. Conclusión.
The combination of Demodex folliculorum and Aerobic Bacteria in the Etiopathogenesis of Chronic Blepharitis
Authors: ÇAKMAKLIOĞULLARI Murat , ÖZBİLGİN Ahmet
Published: March 2021

Abstract

Aims: This study was conducted to investigate the presence of thecombination of Demodex folliculorum and aerobic bacteria in patients with chronic blepharitis.

Material and Methods: Seventy-one patients diagnosed with chronic blepharitis were evaluated for the presence of D. folliculorumby light microscope examination of samples prepared from eyelashes collected by eyelash epilation. Culture samples were also obtained from patients’ eyelid margins. Bacterial strainsamong the predominant bacterial colonies grown in cultures were identified using the BD Phoenix identification system (BD Diagnostic Systems, Sparks, USA). Patients were divided into two groups, Demodex-positive and Demodex-negative,and compared according to bacterial production and bacterial strains produced.

Results: D. folliculorumwas identified in 42 (59.1%) patients. Comparison between Demodex-positive and -negative groups revealeda statistically significant increase in Demodex positivity with age.There was no significant relationship between gender and Demodex positivity.The Demodex-positive group showed a statistically significantly higher bacterial growth in the culture samples than the Demodex-negative group.Both groups exhibited a predominance ofStaphylococcus epidermidis. S.epidermidis (38.1% vs. 31.0%), Staphylococcus aureus (19.0% vs. 10.3%), and Corynebacterium spp.(16.7% vs. 6.9%) were detected at higher rates in the Demodex-positive group than in the Demodex-negative group. There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the presence of these bacterial species.

Conclusions: Patients with chronic blepharitis could have a mixedinfection site with the combination of D. folliculorumand aerobic bacteria found in the normal eyelid flora.
Chest pain and its recurrence in pediatric population: A large cohort study
Authors: KELEŞ ALP Esma , ALP Hayrullah
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Chest pain is a common complaint in children. In this retrospective study we investigated the clinical and etiological characteristics and the recurrence rates of chest pain in a large cohort of patients.

Material and Method: This study enrolled children under the age of 18 years who admitted to our pediatrics and pediatric cardiology departments with the chief complaint of chest pain. The medical files and laboratory data of patients with chest pain were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: Among 503 patients with chest pain, 346 (68.7%) cases were referred to pediatric cardiology department because of a suspicious of a cardiac chest pain. Non-cardiac related chest pain accounted for 95.2% (478 patients) and cardiac related chest pain accounted for 4.8% (25 patients). A total of 23 (92%) patients in cardiac-related chest pain group and 212 (44.3%) patients in non-cardiac related group had recurrent chest pain. Recurrent chest pain was commonly detected in cardiac related chest pain, respiratory, gastrointestinal and psychological disorders.

Discussion and Conclusion: In this study, the most common etiologies of chest pain in children were idiopathic chest pain and musculoskeletal disorders. Although, our results showed that chest pain is commonly recurrent and cardiac causes of chest pain are very rare in children. Unnecessary referrals should be reduced with a careful history and physical examination.
The Evaluation of Genetic Profiles of UGT1A4 and UGT1A6 in the Turkish Population
Authors: UÇKUN ŞAHİNOĞULLARI Zuhal
Published: March 2021

Aim: Uridine diphosphate glucuronosyltransferases (UGTs) are a superfamily of conjugation phase II enzymes and is responsible for catalyzing the glucuronidation of many endobiotic or xenobiotic substrates. The present study aimed to determine allele and genotype frequencies of UGT1A4 c.142T>G, UGT1A6 c.541A>G and UGT1A6 c.19T>G polymorphisms in the healthy Turkish population and also to compare them with different population data. Material and Method: UGT1A4 c.142T>G, UGT1A6 c.541A>G and c.19T>G polymorphisms were determined in DNA samples of 114 healthy Turkish volunteers using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism methods. Results: The frequencies of variant alleles were 12.7% for UGT1A4 c.142T>G, 39.9% for UGT1A6 c.541A>G and 44.7% for UGT1A6 c.19T>G. The frequencies of the UGT1A4 and UGT1A6 variant alleles determined were observed to be similar to those of the majority of European populations. However, the UGT1A6 frequencies in the Turk population differed significantly from those reported specifically for the Thai and East Asian populations. Conclusion: This study introduces the frequencies of UGT1A4 and UGT1A6 polymorphisms in the Turkish population. To our knowledge, this is the first report that investigated the frequencies of UGT1A6 c.541A>G and c.19T>G polymorphisms in a healthy Turkish population. A study of the UGTA1A4*3 polymorphism was found in Turkish epilepsy patients in the literature search, but not in healthy individuals. Therefore, it can be stated that this study is also the first report investigating the UGT1A4*3 polymorphism in the healthy Turkish individuals. This study could ensure clinically beneficial information about drug metabolism by UGT1A4 and UGT1A6 in Turkish population.
SARS-CoV 2 in Cellular Level: Do we dominate the whole picture and how can we intervene?
Authors: EMİN Muhammed , BALCI Aydın , MENEKŞE Elif
Published: March 2021

Coronaviruses are a family of viruses present in various animals, and alpha and beta types can infect humans. Human coronavirus varieties settle in different regions of the respiratory tract epithelium, causing disease with varying severity. We conducted a comprehensive academic search to aggregate data and added our own ideas to create a good research article. As a result of many studies carried out in a short time, detailed information was obtained about the entry of the virus into the cell and its cellular cycle.

Although vaccination studies are about to come to an end, we do not yet have an agent that provides a definitive treatment that will facilitate millions of people's lives. At this point, humanity needs detailed genetic research, especially on cellular interactions.

Because although we think that we are in control of the subject, science is a field that changes daily, and new data are added to it. It is evident that we need marginal ideas for a virus that has affected the whole world, can easily be transmitted by respiratory and droplets, and has destroyed everyday life. This research aims to examine the data we have so far in detail on all of the topics we have mentioned and try to make some suggestions within our knowledge.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VITAMIN D LEVEL ON PAIN, FUNCTIONAL STATUS AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN INDIVIDUALS WITH OSTEOARTHRITIS
Authors: EFE ARSLAN Dilek , KILIÇ AKÇA Nazan , ŞENTÜRK Sibel , KORKMAZ Murat
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to determine the correlation between vitamin D level and pain, functional status, and quality of life in individuals with osteoarthritis (OA).

Material and Method: This cross-sectional and descriptive study was completed with 138 individuals. The study was carried out between April 15 and August 30, 2019, at the Orthopedics Clinic of a Research and Practice Hospital.

Results: 70.3% of the individuals had a vitamin D level of 20 ng/ml and less. It was determined that there was no significant correlation between individuals' vitamin D levels and age, VAS, WOMAC, and SF-36 subscales (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is very common in individuals with OA. It may be recommended to conduct randomized controlled studies with larger sample size.
Identifying potential protected areas in the Grassland Biome of South Africa
Authors: Prinsloo Helen , Reilly Brian , Myburgh Willem
Published: March 2021

South Africa is considered to be one of the most biologically diverse countries in the world. The conversion, degradation, and fragmentation of natural habitats have caused a loss of biodiversity in many areas. Grasslands have been widely recognised as important for both biodiversity and economic development. Many conservation efforts have in the past been theory driven, without actionable, feasible results. We hypothesised that correct implementation of the available data will indicate where conservation efforts should be focused to move closer to achieving targets for biodiversity conservation in the Grassland Biome in South Africa. We identified an area (near Heilbron and Petrus Steyn in the Free State) that is representative of the biodiversity in the region and is suitable for modern conservation efforts in the ‘real world’. This approach provides a practical look at conservation in the modern era and a feasible result for conservation efforts.Significance:

An area in the Free State Province was identified that has a high level of biodiversity representative of the Grassland Biome in South Africa. A subjective process was implemented to ensure that the area represents the factors that are considered important for conservation, land use and appropriate location in order to make the area a feasible target for conservation. The result therefore represents not only a theoretical finding that is based on data analysis, but also a practical approach to ensure that the findings can be implemented. This study is an effort to provide a baseline for a more modern approach to conservation, in which current land use, economic value and conservation value are all considered to achieve a sustainable result in terms of the conservation of biodiversity.
Calculating number of Co-Migrated DNA Fragments across Pulsed Field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles: Image analysis algorithm v3
Authors: El-khalil Adam Ibrahim
Published: March 2021

The author describes a new image analysis algorithm that enables identification of how many DNA fragments co-migrate during PFGE. The method is named factor of co-migration based on exponential correlation between single-fragment bands and their pixel densities "FCM-ECSB".