bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS BASED ON CYCLIC KETALS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES
Authors: Raskil’dina Gul’nara Z. , Borisova Yulianna G. , Mikhaiylova Natalia N. , Zlotskiy Semyon S. , Mryasova Louise M. , Kuznetsov Vyacheslav M.
Published: March 2017

For citation:Raskil’dinaG.Z., BorisovaY.G., MikhailovaN.N., MryasovaL.M., KuznetsovV.M., ZlotskiyS.S. Plant growth regulators based on cyclic ketals and their derivatives. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 95-101.Low toxicity of polyfunctional 1,3-dioxocyclicalkanes to soil bacteria allows to consider the compounds of this class as perspective herbicides. In this regard, we studied the herbicidal activity of a series of substituted cyclic ketals, their derivatives and alkenylmalonates. On the basis of commercially available triols the corresponding cyclic ketals were obtained with a yield more than 90%. O-alkylation of alcohol according to the methods led to the corresponding ethers and esters. The glycerol monoethers were obtained quantitatively by acid hydrolysis of ketals. Growth-regulatory activity of the synthesized compounds was determined in vitro on wheat and pea seedlings according to a known procedure (aromatic solvent - nefras A 150/330, surfactant - oxyethylated izononilfenol neonol AF-9-12). Evaluation of herbicidal activity of preparations was carried out in the laboratory. During 3 days length (L, mm) and weight (m, g) seedlings in comparison with the control option was measured. Without herbicide on seedlings the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants are placed in Petri dishes containing water emulsion of active substances with a concentration of 5 mg / l and 10 mg / l for peas and 50 mg / l and 100 mg / l for wheat.  As a reference well-known herbicide, Oktapon Extra, was used. The diol with allyloxy-diol group showed the best results towards wheat. This compound successfully inhibits the increase in the length and weight of escape and gives close results to the standard. For peas, ketals and derivatives thereof are effective only in terms of inhibition of the shoot masses. Heterocyclic alcohol and glycols are superior to the standard, and a ketal at a concentration of 10 mg / l practically corresponds to it. Alkenylmalonates were more effective in inhibiting the escape weight wheat than peas. In particular, at a concentration of 100mg / l effectiveness of methallyl derivatives of trans-1,3-dichloropropene coincides to the standard. Physical and chemical characteristics of the compounds were proved by NMR and mass spectra. Screening results showed that activity of diol with allyloxy group is close to the ideal attitude to wheat. Ketals and their derivatives show the herbicidal activity only at inhibition of the mass escape of peas. Results of alkenylmalonates were better at inhibition of the mass escape of wheat than peas. The obtained results prove prospectivity of producing of herbicidal drugs based on the alkenylmalonates substituted diols and acetals, as a new generation of herbicides.
USE OF MECHANOCHEMICAL ACTIVATION TO CONTROL RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MOULDING PASTES FOR CATALYSTS AND SORBENTS EXTRUSION
Authors: Svyatenko Nataliya , Prokof’ev Valery Yu. , Gordina Natalya E.
Published: March 2017

For citation:Svyatenko N., Prokof’ev V.Yu., Gordina N.E. Use of mechanochemical activation to control rheological properties of moulding pastes for catalysts and sorbents extrusion. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2017. V. 60. N 1. P. 102-107.The influence humidity, grinding and mechanical activation of the solid phase on the rheological properties of the molding paste for extrusion of catalysts and sorbents was studied. The following parameters of the molding pastes were investigated, namely the coagulation structure strength, the flow index, the maximum plastic viscosity, the critical shear stress, plasticity, the r (stuelaxation period), the ratio of deformations. In order to characterize the degree of mechanochemical activation, the dimension of the coherent scattering region and the microdeformations value were used. Increasing the degree of mechanochemical activation of the solid phase was shown to allow controlling the properties of molding pastes in a more wide range. In the technology of extruded catalysts and sorbents, the mills-activators with the impact-shear loading are proposed to use. The mills with an average value of power density (up to 6 kW/kg) were recommended.
Acquisition and Transfer of Values and Social Skills through a Physical Education Program Focused in the Affective Domain
Authors: Madrona Pedro Gil , Samalot-Rivera Amaury , Kozub Francis M
Published: March 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of a physical education (PE) program focused on the affective domain for 6th to 8th grade students with respect to the acquisition and transfer of social skills and values. Further, the extent that general classroom teachers and parents perceived if the learned skills where transferred to other context outside the PE class was examined in a sample of 274 students (ages 11 to 13 years old). One hundred and forty-five males (53%) and 129 females (47%) from five urban schools in Albacete Spain were studied. Three questionnaires were used (pre and post rating scales) as data collection instruments for students, teachers and parents. Results demonstrated encouraging estimates of reliability for the subscales of PE teachers’ perceptions of students’ values and regular education teaches perceptions with very strong values of internal consistency .82 and .93 respectively. Posttest values were slightly higher. Further, findings demonstrated positive outcomes after the intervention in teacher perceptions about students values levels (t =-8,05; p < .01), enjoyment, (t =-7.10; p < .01), fair play (t = -8.09; p < .01), social relation (t = -6.48; p < .01), good habits (t = -7.43; p < .01) and emotional control (t = -6.03; p < .01) in favor of the intervention group. These results support previous studies evidencing that integrating social skills and values intervention in the PE class increase students’ development in the affective domain.
ЗНАЧАЈ ЕДУКАЦИЈЕ О УПРАВЉАЊУ МЕДИЦИНСКИМ ОТПАДОМ
Authors: Павловић Слободанка , Алексић Жељко
Published: March 2017

У остваривању циља смањивања проблема у здравству и побољшања квалитета његе,здравствене установе неминовно стварају отпад који може, сам по себи, бити опасан по здравље.Правилно управљање таквим отпадом није само правна већ и друштвена одговорност здравственеустанове. Одвајање на мјесту настајања отпада први је и најважнији корак у управљањумедицинским отпадом. Улога медицинског особља у овом процесу од кључног је значаја. Њиховознање, ставови и праксе у погледу управљања медицинским отпадом од значаја су за спречавањеопасности везаних за ову врсту отпада. Потреба за обуком/едукацијом у оптималним интервалимаод великог је значаја како би се осигурала одрживост и даље побољшање у овој области.
ЛЕУКОЦИТАРНА ФОРМУЛА Теlestes metohiensis (Steindachner, 1901) ИЗ РАЗЛИЧИТИХ СТАНИШТА
Authors: Мандић Маја , Декић Радослав , Иванц Александeр , Лолић Свјетлана , Манојловић Маја , Фришчић Јасна , Ерић Живојин
Published: March 2017

Гатачка гаовица (Теlestes metohiensis) представља ендемичну врсту риба из групе гаовица,са распрострањењем на подручју источне Херцеговине. Термином гаовица обухваћено је вишеврста риба вода крашких подручја, које се карактеришу специфичним начином живота јер једандио животног циклуса проводе у подземним језерима крашких пећина, а када у одређенимхидролошким фазама долази до изливања воде у плавне зоне, гаовице излазе у површинске воде.Истраживања физиолошких и екофизиолошких карактеристика ове врсте имају посебан значај јерсе ради о недовољно истраженој врсти, која је обухваћена Црвеном листом Републике Српске, докје двије највеће базе ових података WCMC и IUCN сврставају у прву категорију рањивих врста. Ураду су представљени разултати истраживања параметара леукоцитне лозе гатачке гаовице из триводотока: Вријека, Опачица и Заломка. Уз помоћ електрориболова, укупно је узоркована 61јединка из три поменута водотока. Узимање крви за хематолошке анализе обављено је пункцијомсрца. Леукоцитна лоза представљена је бројем леукоцита и леукоцитарном формулом. Удиференцијалној крвној слици констатована је највећа заступљеност лимфоцита и неутрофила.Компарацијом ових параметара код јединки из различитих водотока нису констатоване значајанеразлике. Међутим, установљене су разлике у пропорцији базофила код женки у поређењу поводотоцима, као и разлике у пропорцијама псеудоеозинофила и базофила код мужјака и женкиунутар водотока.
Computational models of O-LM cells are recruited by low or high theta frequency inputs depending on h-channel distributions
Authors: Sekulić Vladislav , Skinner Frances K
Published: March 2017

Although biophysical details of inhibitory neurons are becoming known, it is challenging to map these details onto function. Oriens-lacunosum/moleculare (O-LM) cells are inhibitory cells in the hippocampus that gate information flow, firing while phase-locked to theta rhythms. We build on our existing computational model database of O-LM cells to link model with function. We place our models in high-conductance states and modulate inhibitory inputs at a wide range of frequencies. We find preferred spiking recruitment of models at high (4–9 Hz) or low (2–5 Hz) theta depending on, respectively, the presence or absence of h-channels on their dendrites. This also depends on slow delayed-rectifier potassium channels, and preferred theta ranges shift when h-channels are potentiated by cyclic AMP. Our results suggest that O-LM cells can be differentially recruited by frequency-modulated inputs depending on specific channel types and distributions. This work exposes a strategy for understanding how biophysical characteristics contribute to function.
Trans Fatty Acids Suppress TNF‐α‐Induced Inflammatory Gene Expression in Endothelial (HUVEC) and Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells
Authors: Da Silva Marine S. , Julien Pierre , Bilodeau Jean‐François , Barbier Olivier , Rudkowska Iwona
Published: March 2017

Trans fatty acids (TFA) intake has been linked to cardiovascular diseases and liver diseases; yet the effect of TFA on inflammation remains controversial. Accordingly, the objective of this paper was to determine the in vitro effects of TFA on inflammatory gene expression. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells were treated for 24 h with either trans‐vaccenic acid (tVA), trans‐palmitoleic acid (tPA) or elaidic acid (EA) at concentrations of 5–150 µM, or with a mixture of tVA and tPA (150/50 µM). All TFA were highly incorporated into cell membranes, as determined by gas chromatography, representing 15–20% of total fatty acids in HUVEC and 3–8% in HepG2 cells. Incorporation of EA, a common industrial TFA, increased the ratio of the stearoyl‐CoA desaturase (SCD‐1), a key enzyme involved in fatty acid metabolism. Ruminant TFA, including tVA, tPA and the mixture of tVA and tPA, significantly reduced the TNF‐α‐induced gene expression of TNF, VCAM‐1 and SOD2 in HUVEC, as well as TNF and IL‐8 in HepG2 cells. EA also decreased inflammatory gene expression in HUVEC, but not in HepG2 cells. The inhibition of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ did not influence the effects of TFA on gene expression. Overall, physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of TFA, especially tVA and tPA, prevented inflammatory gene expression in vitro. This effect is independent of PPAR‐γ activation and may be due to an alteration of fatty acid metabolism in cell membranes caused by the high incorporation of TFA.
On Lipschitz solutions for some forward–backward parabolic equations
Authors: Kim Seonghak , Yan Baisheng
Published: March 2017

We investigate the existence and properties of Lipschitz solutions for some forward–backward parabolic equations in all dimensions. Our main approach to existence is motivated by reformulating such equations into partial differential inclusions and relies on a Baire's category method. In this way, the existence of infinitely many Lipschitz solutions to certain initial-boundary value problem of those equations is guaranteed under a pivotal density condition. Under this framework, we study two important cases of forward–backward anisotropic diffusion in which the density condition can be realized and therefore the existence results follow together with micro-oscillatory behavior of solutions. The first case is a generalization of the Perona–Malik model in image processing and the other that of Höllig's model related to the Clausius–Duhem inequality in the second law of thermodynamics.
Cartografías quebradas y cuerpos marginalesen la narrativa de Diamela Eltit
Authors: Barrientos Mónica
Published: March 2017

Este trabajo analiza tres novelas de la escritora chilena Diamela Eltit: Lumpérica, Los vigilantes y Los trabajadores de la muerte, considerando el espacio geográfico y el cuerpo como centro de relaciones de poder, y la materialidad del cuerpo como depósito de una violencia histórica que intenta someterlo a diferentes formas de normalización. A pesar de la violencia ejercida, este cuerpo es también una forma de resistencia que inscribe, en su propia materialidad, la memoria narrativa para re-contar el pasado y criticar el presente. La intención es elaborar una lectura política de la historia a través del cuerpo para poder leer los signos del desamparo social y mental de una sociedad que intenta borrar continuamente su pasado.
Nutrient biomarker patterns and long‐term risk of dementia in older adults
Authors: Amadieu Camille , Lefèvre‐Arbogast Sophie , Delcourt Cécile , Dartigues Jean‐François , Helmer Catherine , Féart Catherine , Samieri Cécilia
Published: March 2017

Introduction

Several nutrients may predict dementia risk. We characterized nutrient biomarker patterns, which integrate the complexity of nutrient exposure and biodisponibility associated with long‐term risk of dementia in a large cohort of older persons, the Three‐City study.

Methods

We included 666 nondemented participants with plasma measurements of 22 fat‐soluble nutrients at baseline, who were followed up for 12 years for dementia.

Results

A “deleterious” pattern combining lower blood status in vitamin D, carotenoids, and polyunsaturated fats and higher saturated fats was strongly associated with a higher risk of dementia. Compared with individuals in the first quintile of the pattern score, participants in the highest quintile of score had an approximately fourfold increased risk of dementia (hazard ratio = 4.53 [95% confidence interval 1.99, 10.32], P for trend <.001) in multivariate models.

Discussion

A blood pattern reflecting lower status in several nutrients among nondemented individuals appeared strongly associated with the long‐term risk of dementia in this cohort.
Une théorie de Morse pour les systèmes hamiltoniens convexes
Authors: Ekeland Ivar
Published: March 2017

This paper deals with convex Hamiltonian systems. It is shown that, on any prescribed energy level, either the closed trajectories are infinitely many, or they fulfil a resonance condition. It follows that, generically, there are infinitely many closed trajectories on a prescribed energy level. A dual form of the least action principle, Morse theory, an iteration formula for the index, and Thom’s transversality theorem, are used to obtain these results.

On s’intéresse à des systèmes hamiltoniens convexes. On démontre que, sur une surface d’énergie donnée, ou bien les trajectoires fermées sont en nombre infini, ou bien elles vérifient une relation de résonance. On en déduit que génériquement, les trajectoires fermées sont en nombre infini. La démonstration repose sur une forme duale du principe de moindre action, sur la théorie de Morse, sur une formule d’itération pour l’index, et sur le théorème de transversalité de Thom.
A rapid convergence method for a singular perturbation problem
Authors: Rabinowitz Paul H.
Published: March 2017

The existence of spatially periodic solutions for a singular perturbation of elliptic type is established. A rapid convergence method is used to obtain the result.

On démontre l’existence de solutions périodiques par rapport aux variables d’espace pour un problème de perturbation singulière de type elliptique. La démonstration repose sur une méthode de convergence rapide.
White House Budget Plan Slams Climate and Environmental Programs
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: March 2017

The spending blueprint unveiled yesterday precedes a detailed budget proposal expected later this spring. Democrats declared the newly released plan "dead on arrival."
Effects of microRNA-146a on the proliferation and apoptosis of human osteoarthritis chondrocytes by targeting TRAF6 through the NF-κB signalling pathway
Authors: Zhong Jun-Hua , Li Jing , Liu Cui-Fang , Liu Ning , Bian Rui-Xiang , Zhao Shou-Mei , Yan Shu-Yi , Zhang Yong-Bing
Published: March 2017

The present study aims to investigate the effects of miR-146a on the proliferation and apoptosis of human osteoarthritis (OA) chondrocytes by targeting tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) through nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signalling pathway. Human normal and OA chondrocytes were selected and divided into the normal group, blank group, negative control (NC) group, miR-146a mimics group, miR-146a inhibitors, miR-146a inhibitor + si-TRAF6 group and si-TRAF6 group. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was applied to detect the expressions of miR-146a, TRAF6 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expressions of TRAF6 and NF-κB. CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry were used to detect cell proliferation and apoptosis. Compared with normal chondrocytes, the expression of miR-146a decreased, while the mRNA and protein expressions of TRAF6 and NF-κB increased in OA chondrocytes. OA chondrocytes had a lower proliferation rate and a higher apoptosis rate than the normal chondrocytes. Compared with the blank, NC and si-TRAF6 groups, the expression of miR-146a increased in the miR-146a mimics group, but decreased in the miR-146a inhibitors and miR-146a inhibitor + si-TRAF6 groups. Compared with the blank, NC and miR-146a inhibitor + si-TRAF6 groups, the mRNA and protein expressions of TRAF6 and NF-κB decreased, cell proliferation rate increased and cell apoptosis rate decreased in the miR-146a mimics and si-TRAF6 groups, while opposite trends were observed in the miR-146a inhibitors group. Our study suggests that miR-146a could promote proliferation and inhibit apoptosis of OA chondrocytes by inhibiting TRAF6 expression and suppressing the activation of NF-κB signalling pathway.
Characterizing Articulation in Apraxic Speech Using Real-Time Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Hagedorn Christina , Proctor Michael , Goldstein Louis , Wilson Stephen M. , Miller Bruce , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Narayanan Shrikanth S.
Published: March 2017

Purpose

Real-time magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and accompanying analytical methods are shown to capture and quantify salient aspects of apraxic speech, substantiating and expanding upon evidence provided by clinical observation and acoustic and kinematic data. Analysis of apraxic speech errors within a dynamic systems framework is provided and the nature of pathomechanisms of apraxic speech discussed.

Method

One adult male speaker with apraxia of speech was imaged using real-time MRI while producing spontaneous speech, repeated naming tasks, and self-paced repetition of word pairs designed to elicit speech errors. Articulatory data were analyzed, and speech errors were detected using time series reflecting articulatory activity in regions of interest.

Results

Real-time MRI captured two types of apraxic gestural intrusion errors in a word pair repetition task. Gestural intrusion errors in nonrepetitive speech, multiple silent initiation gestures at the onset of speech, and covert (unphonated) articulation of entire monosyllabic words were also captured.

Conclusion

Real-time MRI and accompanying analytical methods capture and quantify many features of apraxic speech that have been previously observed using other modalities while offering high spatial resolution. This patient's apraxia of speech affected the ability to select only the appropriate vocal tract gestures for a target utterance, suppressing others, and to coordinate them in time.
Piezoelectric driven insect‐inspired robot with flapping wings capable of skating on the water
Authors: Zhou Sui , Zhang Weiping , Zou Yang , Ke Xijun , Cui Feng , Liu Wu
Published: March 2017

A 165 mg coin‐size bionic water‐skating robot driven by piezoelectric (PZT) bending actuator is presented. The robot with light weight and elastic legs uses surface tension to keep itself on the water surface. The driving force produced by flapping wings enables it to glide easily due to tiny resistance coefficient of water surface. The robot consists of PZT bending actuator, four‐bar transmission structure, two flapping wings, four elastic legs and the body. The actuator bending at resonance frequency of 105 Hz achieves 346 μm displacement at the end of actuator at voltage of 280 V so that the flapping angle of the wings reaches 73° at that frequency. Tests show that, the maximum equivalent payload of robot is 830.6 mg, about five times of its own mass, before breaking the water surface, and the water drag when robot skates on the water surface is about 29 μN, 1.76% of its gravity. The maximum forward speed of the robot is measured as 151 mm/s.
S‐box on subgroup of Galois field based on linear fractional transformation
Authors: Qureshi A. , Shah T.
Published: March 2017

The erection of a substitution box based on linear fractional transformation applied on the subgroup of multiplicative part of Galois field GF(28) is studied. The establishment of constrained linear fractional transformation on the elements of the subgroup is intricacy of the problem. The robustness of the proposed substitution box against renowned algebraic and statistical attacks is gauged to enumerate its confusion creating ability. The analysis is accomplished by finding non‐linearity, approximation probabilities and strict avalanche criterion. The majority logic criterion is employed to guesstimate the efficacy of substitution box in image encryption applications.
Passive islanding detection technique for synchronous generators based on performance ranking of different passive parameters
Authors: Raza Safdar , Arof Hamzah , Mokhlis Hazlie , Mohamad Hasmaini , Illias Hazlee Azil
Published: March 2017

Islanding detection is important for the protection of any distribution system supported by distributed energy resources. In this work, a number of islanding and non‐islanding events are simulated to prioritise 16 different passive parameters on the basis of performance analysis. Among the parameters tested, the rate of change of frequency over reactive power (df/dq) attains the highest accuracy and consequently, a new passive technique is proposed that employs df/dq as discriminative feature. An extended study is carried out to further test the ability of the technique to differentiate the islanding from the non‐islanding events of similar signatures, such as load variation, capacitor switching, faults and induction motor starting. The simulation results confirm that the technique is proficient enough to identify islanding from non‐islanding events that cause minute disturbances in the power supply network.
Influence of grading capacitor of multiple‐break circuit breaker on the extinction of secondary arc – a new method for reducing dead time
Authors: Sun Qiuqin , Yin Jian , Wang Feng , Yan Joseph , Li Qingmin , Chen She
Published: March 2017

To guarantee the uniform distribution of transient recovery voltage for double‐break circuit breaker, grading capacitors are often installed in parallel with each interrupter unit. In this study, the influence of the capacitors on the secondary arc is systematically investigated. First, the equivalent circuit for ultra high voltage transmission line is developed. Taking the capacitor into account, the formulas for the arc current and the recovery voltage, not only the steady state but also the transient, are derived. Meanwhile, the dynamic models for primary arc and secondary arc models have been established in the environment of EMTP. Then, a series of simulations have been performed. The impact of the capacitor on the key quantities of secondary arc, such as the rate of rise of recovery voltage, the arcing time, and the maximum instantaneous current, is comparatively analysed. Furthermore, the capacitor can be extended to suppress the secondary arc, and a novel method is proposed in this study. The operating principle of this method is presented, and its effectiveness is validated through electromagnetic transient simulations. For practical implementation, the technical requirement is finally discussed. The proposed method is simple in structure, and it provides an alternative to the neutral reactor.
Indoor‐to‐outdoor empirical path loss modelling for femtocell networks at 0.9, 2, 2.5 and 3.5 GHz using singular value decomposition
Authors: Allen Ben , Mahato Shyam , Gao Yuteng , Salous Sana
Published: March 2017

Two empirical indoor‐to‐outdoor path loss models to facilitate femtocell network deployment are derived from continuous wave power measurements. A large set of indoor–outdoor transmitter locations in two residential streets in an urban setting and operating at 900 MHz, 2 GHz, 2.5 GHz and 3.5 GHz have been used to derive the model parameters by using singular value decomposition (SVD). The path loss models have been compared and validated against existing models as well as independent measurement data and good comparison is shown. The root mean square error of the residual path loss data obtained from the measurement data, which directly relates to the channel shadowing characteristics, is compared and validated with known results and has led to new model parameters being proposed. The expressions derived from the modelling can be used in system‐level simulators, as well as for shadowing interference analysis of two‐tier heterogeneous networks operating in indoor–outdoor scenarios at or close to the operating frequencies considered. In this study, the models extend the operating frequency range compared to related models and introduce SVD as a convenient means of deriving parameters from measured path loss data.
Millimetre wave SIW diplexer circuits with relaxed fabrication tolerances
Authors: Aitken John Ross , Hong Jiasheng , Hao Zhang‐Cheng
Published: March 2017

This study is concerned with the development of millimetre wave substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) diplexers, with an aim of relaxing fabrication tolerances. A method of designing SIW components initially in a dielectric filled waveguide (DWG) medium, and then translating a final optimised design to SIW is presented. Owing to the equivalence between SIW and DWG, the translated SIW components do not require a further optimisation which is a significant advantage as it speeds up the design process. The authors demonstrate this process by presenting the design of a Ka‐band diplexer that consists of a highpass filter, hybrid coupler and low‐order bandpass filter, where good agreement between the DWG and translated SIW cases can be observed. To investigate how the diplexer handles fabrication errors, the authors subjected the circuit to a tolerance analysis where simulated results suggest that the highpass filter in the diplexer is less sensitive to fabrication errors than the bandpass filter and its use in millimetre wave SIW diplexer circuits can help to relax sensitivity to fabrication errors. These observations are verified with the measurement of a fabricated Ka‐band SIW diplexer, where the measured and simulated S‐parameters are in very good agreement.
Mixed surface impedance boundary condition for FDTD simulations
Authors: Mao Yunlong , Elsherbeni Atef Z. , Jiang Tao , Li Si
Published: March 2017

Surface impedance boundary condition (SIBC) is a potential way to improve the efficiency of the finite‐difference time‐domain (FDTD) method. However, it is still seldom used in FDTD simulations, especially for complicated problems. In this study, the authors propose a novel SIBC, the perfect electric conductor (PEC) backed SIBC (PEC–SIBC). It is a combination of SIBC and PEC. This character makes it possible to integrate PEC–SIBC with the conventional FDTD method. The authors derive the updating equations of PEC–SIBC for a one‐dimensional (1D), 2D and 3D problems. Then, the authors verify the validity of PEC–SIBC with a 1D example and analyse the complexity with a 2D example. The comparison for a 1D configuration indicates that PEC–SIBC is a little more accurate than the traditional SIBC. For a 2D example, the SIBC is used to replace a lossy dielectric medium located in the middle of the problem domain. The complexity analysis indicates that PEC–SIBC is much easier and more practical to use than the traditional SIBC.
Dual‐frequency DRA‐based MIMO antenna system for wireless access points
Authors: Sharawi Mohammad S. , Podilchak Symon K. , Khan Muhammad U. , Antar Yahia M.
Published: March 2017

An eight‐element, dual‐frequency, multiple‐input–multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna system is proposed. Cylindrical dielectric resonator antennas (cDRAs) were used as the radiating elements in the MIMO antenna system. One group of four cDRAs covers the 2.45 GHz band, whereas another four cover the second band at 5.8 GHz. A reflector element was also proposed to tilt the radiated beam patterns and reduce field correlations for the MIMO antenna system. The high‐band antenna elements were rotated 45° with respect to their low‐band counterparts, on the antenna ground plan, for compactness and printed circuit board integration such that the complete antenna system occupies a volume of 160 mm×160 mm×14.8 mm. The measured bandwidths (BWs) were at least 90 and 200 MHz for the two bands of operation while the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) was <0.17. A study of different metallic reflectors was also provided in terms of the impedance matching, isolation, BW, andECC. Specific applications for the proposed design include wireless local area networks and other fourth generation access points.
Spurious free independently controllable compact quad‐band filter using folded T‐shaped stub loaded modified ring resonator
Authors: Kamma Anil , Das Ranjan , Mukherjee Jayanta
Published: March 2017

A compact spurious free, quad‐band, band‐pass filter (BPF) having independently controllable and widely spaced frequency bands is proposed. The design consists of a basic BPF to which the authors introduce transmission zeros (TZs) in the frequency response using T‐shaped stubs loaded with a modified ring resonator (MRR) thereby creating the four passbands. This design results in very high band‐to‐band isolation. The TZs are obtained by transversal signal path cancellation and also due to the loaded T‐shaped stubs. The BPF consists of a stepped impedance low‐pass filter which provides spurious free out of band characteristics up to 20GHz. By changing the tapping position of the MRR, the frequencies of the TZs can be adjusted to get the desired pass band characteristics. The proposed quad‐band filter provides low‐insertion loss (<1dB) at the four passbands centred at 2.4, 5.1, 7.7 and 10.1GHz. The simulation results of the filter are verified experimentally.
Extended four‐component decomposition by using modified cross‐scattering matrix
Authors: Maurya Himanshu , Panigrahi Rajib Kumar , Mishra Amit kumar
Published: March 2017

In this study, the authors present an extended four‐component model‐based decomposition method by using a modified cross‐scattering matrix. The scattering matrix of a rotated dihedral corner reflector is used to generate the modified cross‐scattering matrix which accounts for the cross‐polarisation power generated by the oriented dihedral structures. The orientation angles of the buildings are used to characterise this modified cross‐scattering matrix which makes the proposed decomposition more feasible and effective. The effectiveness of the proposed decomposition method lies in its capability to discriminate between the cross‐polarisation power generated by the oriented man‐made structures and the vegetation. This makes the proposed method more suitable for the classification of oriented urban areas as compared with the existing model‐based decomposition methods.
Effect of Swallowing Rehabilitation Protocol on Swallowing Function in Patients with Esophageal Atresia and/or Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Authors: Serel Arslan Selen , Demir Numan , Yalcın Sule , Karaduman Ayşe , Karnak Ibrahim , Tanyel Feridun , Soyer Tutku
Published: March 2017

Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the results of Swallowing Rehabilitation Protocol (SRP) on swallowing function (SF) of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) patients with pharyngeal swallowing disorder.

Materials and Methods In this study, 24 children with EA-TEF who had deglutitive and respiratory problems were grouped into either study (n = 12) or control group (n = 12) by basic randomization. Study group received the SRP including neuromuscular electrical stimulation, thermal tactile stimulation, and hyolaryngeal mobilization. The control group received nonnutritive stimulations. SF was evaluated with 3 mL liquid and pudding barium by videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) before and after 20 sessions of interventions.

Results No statistical differences were found between groups in terms of descriptive characteristics including age, sex, weight, height, type of atresia, repair type, repair time, and start time of oral intake (p > 0.05). There were no statistical differences between groups in term of swallowing parameters (p > 0.05), except reflux (p = 0.004) according to VFSS findings. After 20 sessions of interventions, the study group showed improvement in penetration–aspiration scale scores, oral phase dysfunction, delay in swallowing reflex, and residue in valleculae and pyriform sinuses after pudding swallow. The control group showed improvement only in oral phase dysfunction.

Conclusion SRP can be recommended to improve SF in patients with EA/TEF who have pharyngeal swallowing disorders.
Association of Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation, Retroclival Hematoma, and Hydrocephalus: Management and Survival in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Lee Isaac , Vasquez Luis , Tyroch Alan , Trier Todd
Published: March 2017

Atlanto-occipital dislocation (AOD) is an injury with high morbidity and mortality. We present a case of survival of a pediatric patient with the diagnoses of AOD, retroclival hematoma, and resulting hydrocephalus. The patient's cervical spine was stabilized until occipital-cervical fusion provided definitive treatment, and the hydrocephalus was treated with a ventriculostomy. The patient survived with no neurological deficits. A better understanding and awareness of the radiologic criteria of AOD will lead to earlier recognition of AOD and improved outcomes, even in the presence of complications from AOD. Surgical fixation should be used for definitive treatment of injuries with AOD.
Common nonmutationalNOTCH1activation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Fabbri Giulia , Holmes Antony B. , Viganotti Mara , Scuoppo Claudio , Belver Laura , Herranz Daniel , Yan Xiao-Jie , Kieso Yasmine , Rossi Davide , Gaidano Gianluca , Chiorazzi Nicholas , Ferrando Adolfo A. , Dalla-Favera Riccardo
Published: March 2017

Significance

A pathogenetic role ofNOTCH1in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has been implied by the presence of deregulating mutations in a relatively small fraction of cases. Our results now indicate that ∼50% of CLL cases devoid of mutations express the active form of NOTCH1 ICN1 (intracellular portion of NOTCH1), thus implicating a much broader role of this transcription factor in the disease. ICN1+CLL cases display equivalent NOTCH1-dependent transcriptional responses regardless of the gene mutation status, indicating that the detection of ICN1 represents a reliable biomarker ofNOTCH1activation for diagnostic and therapeutic targeting. Finally, our results identify the NOTCH1-dependent transcriptional program in CLL cells, thus providing direct insights into the pathogenesis of a large fraction of CLL cases.
Cubic zincblende gallium nitride for green-wavelength light-emitting diodes
Authors: Lee Lok Yi
Published: March 2017

Gallium nitride (GaN)-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are highly energy efficient and their widespread usage in lighting can induce significant worldwide electricity savings. To achieve white and colour-tuneable lighting, the mixing of light from red-, blue- and green-wavelength LEDs is desired. At present, the efficiency of green-wavelength LEDs is only about half of that of red- and blue-wavelength LEDs, which is also known as the ‘green gap’ problem. Cubic zincblende GaN has the potential to bridge the ‘green gap’ due to the theoretical absence of internal electric fields that plague the commonly used c-plane hexagonal wurtzite structure. This review first looks at the various methods of achieving metastable zincblende GaN, and examines the crystal defects present. Then the different components towards a full zincblende GaN LED structure, including p- and n-type doping, zincblende InGaN and AlGaN on GaN heterostructures, together with the problems that need to be overcome to achieve green-wavelength emissions are reviewed.

This review was submitted as part of the 2017 Materials Literature Review Prize of the Institute of Materials, Minerals and Mining run by the Editorial Board of MST. Sponsorship of the prize by TWI Ltd is gratefully acknowledged
Effect of pulsed magnetic treatment on the corrosion of titanium
Authors: Babutskyi Anatolii , Chrysanthou Andreas , Smelina Marija , Stepanov Gennadii , Ziętara Maciej
Published: March 2017

Results of corrosion tests of titanium in the initial state and after treatment using pulsed magnetic field are presented. It is shown that samples after treatment have better corrosion resistance due to the formation of denser and finer corrosion products with better adhesion to the substrate. Samples after treatment have more homogeneous microstructure due to a substantial increase of dislocations which are uniformly distributed. Mechanisms of dislocation multiplication and a model explaining the effect of the treatment on the corrosion are discussed.

This paper is part of a themed issue on Materials in External Fields.
Influence of zinc on intermetallic compounds formed in friction stir welding of AA5754 aluminium alloy to galvanised ultra-high strength steel
Authors: Ratanathavorn Wallop , Melander Arne
Published: March 2017

In this study, lap joints between AA5754 and DP1000 ultra-high strength steels were produced by friction stir welding. In order to investigate the roles of zinc on intermetallic phase formation and joint properties, steel substrates were used, two being galvanised coated and one uncoated. Joint performance has been evaluated in term of maximum tensile shear loading. The effects of the process parameter, translational speed; chemical compositions; and intermetallic phase formation on the mechanical properties have been investigated. The results show that joints with a galvanised layer exhibit higher strength as compared to the non-coated steel. A thicker galvanised layer promotes the presence of zinc in the aluminium matrix, resulting in better joint properties. The level of zinc contents in the aluminium matrix depends on process temperature and material circulation characteristics. Two stable Al-rich intermetallic phases, Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4, were detected at the interface regardless of the coating conditions.
E-Science technologies in a workflow for personalized medicine using cancer screening as a case study
Authors: Spjuth Ola , Karlsson Andreas , Clements Mark , Humphreys Keith , Ivansson Emma , Dowling Jim , Eklund Martin , Jauhiainen Alexandra , Czene Kamila , Grönberg Henrik , Sparén Pär , Wiklund Fredrik , Cheddad Abbas , Pálsdóttir þorgerður , Rantalainen Mattias , Abrahamsson Linda , Laure Erwin , Litton Jan-Eric , Palmgren Juni
Published: March 2017

Objective:We provide an e-Science perspective on the workflow from risk factor discovery and classification of disease to evaluation of personalized intervention programs. As case studies, we use personalized prostate and breast cancer screenings.

Materials and Methods:We describe an e-Science initiative in Sweden, e-Science for Cancer Prevention and Control (eCPC), which supports biomarker discovery and offers decision support for personalized intervention strategies. The generic eCPC contribution is a workflow with 4 nodes applied iteratively, and the concept of e-Science signifies systematic use of tools from the mathematical, statistical, data, and computer sciences.

Results:The eCPC workflow is illustrated through 2 case studies. For prostate cancer, an in-house personalized screening tool, the Stockholm-3 model (S3M), is presented as an alternative to prostate-specific antigen testing alone. S3M is evaluated in a trial setting and plans for rollout in the population are discussed. For breast cancer, new biomarkers based on breast density and molecular profiles are developed and the US multicenter Women Informed to Screen Depending on Measures (WISDOM) trial is referred to for evaluation. While current eCPC data management uses a traditional data warehouse model, we discuss eCPC-developed features of a coherent data integration platform.

Discussion and Conclusion:E-Science tools are a key part of an evidence-based process for personalized medicine. This paper provides a structured workflow from data and models to evaluation of new personalized intervention strategies. The importance of multidisciplinary collaboration is emphasized. Importantly, the generic concepts of the suggested eCPC workflow are transferrable to other disease domains, although each disease will require tailored solutions.
Tumor Margin Assessment With Loupe Magnification Enables Greater Histological Clearance of Facial Basal Cell Carcinomas Compared With Clinical Examination Alone
Authors: Sugrue Conor M. , McInerney Niall , Joyce Cormac W. , Kelly Jack L.
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND

Surgical excision of facial basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) is a balance between oncological clearance and conservation of cosmetic and functionally sensitive tissues.

OBJECTIVE

To assess if loupe magnification (LM) can enhance the visual assessment of BCC tumor margins resulting in a greater histological clearance.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This prospective study randomized patients with primary facial BCCs into preoperative tumor margin assessment with LM (study group) or clinical examination alone (control group). Basal cell carcinomas were excised with a predetermined surgical margin of either 2, 3,, or 4 mm. Mean histological margin, incomplete excision rate, and method of closure were recorded and compared between LM and control groups, across a range of surgical margins.

RESULTS

Ninety-four BCCs were excised from 93 patients, 47 BCCs in each group. The mean histological margin was larger in the study versus control group for each group (2-mm margin, 1.8 vs 1.4, 3-mm margin, 2.4 vs 2.3, 4-mm margin, and 3.1 vs 2.7), but only statistically significant in the 4-mm group (p = .032). There was no difference in method of closure between LM and control groups.

CONCLUSION

Loupe magnification improved tumor margin assessment for facial BCC enabling a greater diameter of histological clearance. The use of LM should become a standard practice for facial BCC excision.
In Search for the Best Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy Approach for the Large Uterus: A Review
Authors: KHO ROSANNE M. , ABRÃO MAURICIO S.
Published: March 2017

Review of literature is conducted to determine the best minimally invasive hysterectomy (MIH) route for large uterus, identify preoperative considerations and describe alternative techniques to power morcellation. Studies after 2010 revealed multiple MIH approaches. Vaginal hysterectomy is preferred over laparoscopic and laparoscopic assistance with less operative time and hospital cost. In morbidly obese patients with large uteri, total laparoscopic hysterectomy is superior to vaginal hysterectomy with lesser odds of blood transfusion and lower length of hospital stay. Although MIH for the large uterus is feasible, many questions remain unanswered. Well-designed multicenter prospective trial incorporating clinical pathways to compare outcomes is needed.
Combined Therapy of Ventricular Assist Device and Membrane Oxygenator for Profound Acute Cardiopulmonary Failure
Authors: Fujita Kevin , Takeda Koji , Li Boyangzi , Mauro Christine , Kurlansky Paul , Sreekanth Sowmyashree , Han Jiho , Truby Lauren K. , Garan A. Reshad , Topkara Veli , Yuzefpolskaya Melana , Colombo Paolo , Naka Yoshifumi , Takayama Hiroo
Published: March 2017

Short-term ventricular assist devices (ST-VADs) have been effective in treating the patients with refractory cardiogenic shock. Membrane oxygenators (MOs) can be added to the circuit for concomitant, profound refractory hypoxia. This study reports the outcomes of combined therapy in this portion of patients. This is a retrospective review of 166 patients who received an ST-biventricular assist device (BiVAD) or right ventricular assist device (RVAD) for cardiogenic shock between November 2007 and November 2014. An MO was added to the RVAD for profound hypoxia refractory to maximized ventilation. Patients were divided into two groups: 33 with (MO-VAD [MV]) and 133 without (VAD only [VO]) an MO. Survival to discharge and adverse events were compared between groups. More MV than VO patients were intubated (93.9% vs. 59.4%; p < 0.001) and on veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO) (72.7% vs. 19.5%; p < 0.001) before implantation. Survival to discharge (51.5% MV vs. 52.6% VO; p = 0.515) and 1 year survival (54.4% MV vs. 48.6% VO; p = 0.955) were not significantly different. MV patients had more prolonged intubation (69.7% vs. 37.6%; p < 0.001), tracheostomies (39.4% vs. 16.5%; p = 0.008), and a higher risk for bleeding (p = 0.037). Patients suffering from cardiogenic shock with refractory hypoxia requiring combined ST-VAD and MO therapy appear to achieve similar mid-term survival despite increased risk for early complications.