bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psoriasis dermatitis, a common phenotype of early forms of both psoriasis and atopic dermatitis in children: A prospective multicenter study
Authors: Docampo‐Simón Alexandre , Belinchón Isabel , Sánchez‐Pujol María J. , Berbegal Laura , Miralles Julia , Lucas Ana , Quecedo Esther , Fuertes Amparo , Mateu‐Puchades Almudena , Betlloch Isabel
Published: March 2024

Background

Psoriasis (Ps) and atopic dermatitis (AD) are chronic systemic immune‐mediated diseases that can coexist in an overlapping condition called psoriasis dermatitis (PD). PD patients have intermediate lesions with characteristics of both Ps and AD. PD is very rare in adults but much more frequent in children. Little is known, however, about the course of PD in the pediatric population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the percentage of PD cases in children that evolved to a definite form of Ps or AD and to identify any clinical or epidemiological variables that could predict the course of the disease.

Methods

We performed a prospective multicenter cohort study of children diagnosed with PD between January 2018 and December 2020. We collected participants' clinical and epidemiological characteristics, and pediatric dermatologists determined the percentage of participants who developed Ps or AD.

Results

The study included 24 children with PD, with a median age of 7.0 years. After a median follow‐up period of 31 months, 83.3% of cases had evolved to a definite form of Ps or AD (44.4% to Ps and 38.9% to AD). Younger age and family history of Ps were associated with progression to AD. Participants who progressed to AD or Ps had a longer follow‐up than those with an unchanged PD diagnosis.

Conclusions

Given sufficient time, a large percentage of PD cases in children will evolve into Ps or AD. Long‐term clinical follow‐up is necessary for a correct diagnosis.
Oral fusidic acid for the treatment of mild‐to‐moderate hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Wiala Antonia , Daschl Sophie M. , Stockinger Theresa , Rappersberger Klemens , Posch Christian
Published: March 2024

Background

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a debilitating inflammatory skin disease. Tetracyclines are one of the few therapeutic options recommended for mild‐to‐moderate disease. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of systemic fusidic acid's (FA) effectiveness in treating HS.

Methods

This retrospective study analyzed 55 FA therapy cycles (TC, average weekly dose: 6409 mg; range: 5250–9800 mg; 2–12 weeks) in 49 patients. The outcome was evaluated using the Physician's Global Assessment (PGA) scale. Therapy response was defined as any reduction of inflammatory activity without the occurrence of flares. We also characterized adverse events and investigated predictors for treatment success. Results were compared to a matched control group receiving doxycycline.

Results

FA treatment (55 treatment cycles (TC); male: 45.5%; female: 54.5%) showed an overall response rate of 70.9% (39 TC). No worsening was observed. Significantly higher response rates were observed in females (83.3%, P = 0.026) and Hurley I (90.9%, P = 0.008). After multivariate adjustment, higher response rates were associated with the Hurley grade (P = 0.046) but not with gender (P = 0.0174). Adverse reactions (21.8% gastrointestinal symptoms) occurred in 27.3% (15 TC) and 46.7% within the first 4 weeks. Similar results were observed in the doxycycline control group (overall response rate: 76.4%).

Conclusion

Oral FA is safe and improves symptoms in most patients. HS patients could benefit from oral FA treatment, especially in case of contraindications or resistance to tetracyclines.
Hidden behind closed doors: Non‐standard employment, migrant women and gender regimes in Europe
Authors: Giordano Chiara , Meraviglia Cinzia
Published: March 2024

Non‐standard employment (NSE) is well‐documented in the domestic sector in all European countries. The precariousness and poor working conditions of this sector reflect in a labour force composed by the most vulnerable layers of the labour market, namely, migrant women. This article analyses how and to what extent a macro‐level factor, that is, the gender regime (resulting from the interplay of gender equality and gendered social norms) interacts with micro‐level individual and occupational characteristics to shape the prevalence of NSE in the domestic sector in Europe. We use the 2019 EU‐LFS data and run a set of logistic regression analyses. Our results show that NSE is a defining feature of domestic sector, and that migrant women are at a higher risk of being in this type of employment, especially in destination countries where gender equality is relatively lower and expectations concerning care and family responsibilities are more traditional.
A silver lining for the excluded: Exploring experiences that micro‐task crowdsourcing affords workers with impaired work access
Authors: Mayer Anne‐Sophie , Ihl Andreas , Grabl Susanne , Strunk Kim , Fiedler Marina
Published: March 2024

Micro‐task crowdsourcing (MTCS) platforms offer alternative work settings outside traditional work boundaries and thus increasingly attract crowdworkers who face exclusion from access to other work. However, we know little about these crowdworkers' perspective on MTCS and its implications for their personal life. Building on insights from three qualitative surveys with responses from 538 crowdworkers and 576 forum posts in total, we show that despite the often challenging work conditions, MTCS platforms provide these crowdworkers with a work environment in which they can participate in paid work activities without feeling excluded due to their personal circumstances. As a result, MTCS platform work provides these crowdworkers with a set of positive experiences that were not possible before. These afforded experiences go beyond work‐related experiences but relate directly to crowdworkers' personal situation and life. Our research yields implications for the literature on MTCS and also for policy makers and stakeholders concerned with the creation of more inclusive work settings.
Simulating contamination of the operator and surrounding environment during wound debridement through fluorescent labelling
Authors: Jia Huixue , He Rui , Guan Hui , Li Huijuan , Qi Xin
Published: March 2024

We investigated the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment during wound debridement through simulated operations using fluorescent labelling. On‐site simulated operation assessment was performed before and after the training. Oranges and square towels were used to simulate wounds and the inpatient units, respectively. Fluorescent powder was applied to the surfaces. Operations on oranges simulated bedside debridement, and the postoperative distribution of the fluorescent powder was employed to reflect the contamination of the operator and the surrounding environment. During the pre‐training assessment, contamination was observed in 28 of the 29 trainees. The commonly contaminated parts were the extensor side of the forearm, middle abdomen, upper abdomen, and hands. The right side of the operating area was contaminated in 24 trainees. During the post‐training assessment, contamination was observed in 13 of the 15 trainees. The commonly parts were the hands, extensor side of the forearm, and the lower abdomen. The front, back, left, and right sides of the operating area were contaminated in 12, 9, 11, and 14 trainees, respectively. Contamination of the treatment cart was observed in 5 trainees. Operator and the surrounding environment can be contaminated during wound debridement. Attention should be paid to hand hygiene, wearing and changing of work clothes, and disinfection of the surrounding environment. Moreover, regular training is recommended.
Large electrocaloric effect and wide working area in the transition from ferroelectric to nanodomains
Authors: Feng Haoran , Hao Minghui , Wu Guanghua , Zheng Ying , Yang Lishun , Liu Xin , Zhao Yiwen , Liu Xiaoyan , Zhang Haibo , Liu Gang
Published: March 2024

A large adiabatic temperature change along with a wide operating temperature region is usually required for the electrocaloric materials to fulfill their refrigeration function. In general, doping foreign ions into BaTiO3 is the frequently utilized strategy in order to obtain excellent electrocaloric materials for the practical application. In the current paper, BaTiO3 lead‐free ferroelectric ceramics were doped by Ca2+ and Sn4+ simultaneously in order to generate a coexistence state at room temperature, where ferroelectric domains and nanodomains exit. As a result, a large polarization and a wide operating temperature range were finally induced. It is found that Ba0.9Ca0.1Ti0.85Sn0.15O3 has a maximum adiabatic temperature change of 0.85 K and an excellent working temperature region (65 K, ∆T > 90% Tmax) was achieved under an electric field of 50 kV/cm. The above phenomenon indicates that the modified BaTiO3 ceramics can be a good potential electrocaloric material in the state of cross‐existence of ferroelectric domains and nanodomains.
Customized linear refractive index GRIN prepared by rapid sintering of multilayer chalcogenide glass powders
Authors: Zheng Wenfeng , Xia Kelun , Jia Guang , Xie Shuangquan , Gu Jierong , Liu Ziqiang , Wu Miaomiao , Xu Tiefeng , Ren Heqi , Gu Chenjie , Liu Zijun , Shen Xiang
Published: March 2024

Gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses have recently become a hot topic in compact imaging and achromaticity. Current research focuses on exploiting GRIN materials and upgrading the preparation technology. In this study, infrared (IR) GRIN materials were successfully prepared by spark plasma sintering of multilayer chalcogenide glass (ChGs) powders. ChGs powders were derived from the Ge20Se80‐xTex series glasses (x = 0–28 mol%) with a maximum refractive index difference (Δn) of 0.25. The similar glass transition temperatures (ΔTg < 10°C) promote efficient sintering of multilayer powders. Six‐, eight‐, and ten‐layer powders of different compositions were rapidly sintered with a thickness of 600, 300, and 200 µm per layer, respectively. Such tiny layer thickness enables the GRIN materials to exhibit nearly linear refractive index variation. Energy dispersive spectroscopy line scans well characterized the gradient variation of GRIN. The maximum deviation of the refractive index gradient from the fitted target line was only ± 0.016 for the 10‐layer GRIN. The sintered GRIN shows excellent IR transparency, which is of great interest for mid‐wave and long‐wave infrared imaging.
Enhanced dielectric reliability in the X9R‐type Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3‐CaZrO3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics
Authors: Lee Ju‐Hyeon , Yeo Tae‐Soo , Jo Wook
Published: March 2024

High‐performance dielectric ceramic capacitors for automotive applications require high operation temperature, thermal stability, and reliability for dielectric ceramics. A broad composition search has been carried out to replace the existing BaTiO3‐based dielectrics having limited upper operating temperature due to the relatively low Curie temperature at around 120°C. However, most of the developed compositions are too complicated and compositionally sensitive, making them difficult to commercialize. This study introduces a dielectrically reliable ceramic system based on Bi1/2Na1/2TiO3 (BNT) with a wide operation temperature range simply by adding paraelectric CaZrO3 (CZ). At 15 mol% addition of CZ to BNT, the permittivity variation within ±15% from −55 to 280°C was achieved, which surpasses the EIA‐X9R standard. Moreover, the dielectric reliability was shown with low dielectric loss (tanδ < 0.02) for the aforementioned temperature range and remarkable dielectric breakdown strength (∼260 kV/cm) at room temperature. Along with the proposal of a promising high‐performance dielectric material, structural analysis and dielectric behavior investigation as a function of CZ contents were presented.
Paced QRS morphology mimicking complete left bundle branch block induced by right ventricular pacing is associated with pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ikeda Shota , Sakamoto Kazuo , Sugawara Masafumi , Yakabe Daisuke , Nagaoka Kazuhiro , Kowase Shinya , Inoue Shujiro , Morishige Kunio , Mukai Yasushi , Tsutsui Hiroyuki , Kinugawa Shintaro
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Right ventricular (RV) pacing sometimes causes left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction, also known as pacing‐induced cardiomyopathy (PICM). However, the association between specifically paced QRS morphology and PICM development has not been elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the association between paced QRS mimicking a complete left bundle branch block (CLBBB) and PICM development.

Methods

We retrospectively screened 2009 patients who underwent pacemaker implantation from 2010 to 2020 in seven institutions. Patients who received pacemakers for an advanced atrioventricular block or bradycardia with atrial fibrillation, baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥ 50%, and echocardiogram recorded at least 6 months postimplantation were included. The paced QRS recorded immediately after implantation was analyzed. A CLBBB‐like paced QRS was defined as meeting the CLBBB criteria of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Foundation/Heart Rhythm Society in 2009. PICM was defined as a ≥10% LVEF decrease, resulting in an LVEF of <50%.

Results

Among the 270 patients analyzed, PICM was observed in 38. Baseline LVEF was lower in patients with PICM, and CLBBB‐like paced QRS was frequently observed in PICM. Multivariate analysis revealed that low baseline LVEF (odds ratio [OR]: 0.93 per 1% increase, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.89–0.98, p = 0.006) and CLBBB‐like paced QRS (OR: 2.69, 95% CI: 1.25–5.76, p = 0.011) were significantly associated with PICM development.

Conclusion

CLBBB‐like paced QRS may be a novel risk factor for PICM. RV pacing, which causes CLBBB‐like QRS morphology, may need to be avoided, and patients with CLBBB‐like paced QRS should be followed‐up carefully.
Reducing cardiovascular risk in immune‐mediated inflammatory diseases: Tumour necrosis factor inhibitors compared to conventional therapies—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Galajda N. Á. , Meznerics F. A. , Mátrai P. , Fehérvári P. , Lengyel A. S. , Kolonics M. V. , Sipos Z. , Kemény L. V. , Csupor D. , Hegyi P. , Bánvölgyi A. , Holló P.
Published: March 2024

Immune‐mediated inflammatory disease (IMID) patients including psoriasis, inflammatory arthritides and bowel diseases have a higher risk of developing cardiovascular (CV) diseases compared to the general population. The increased CV risk may be promoted by tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α‐mediated immunological processes, which are present both in the pathomechanism of IMIDs and atherosclerosis. Our objective was to comprehensively investigate the effect of TNF inhibitors (TNFi) on CV risk compared with conventional therapies in IMIDs. The systematic literature search was conducted in three databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library) on 14 November 2022. Randomized controlled trials, cohort and case–control studies were eligible for inclusion. Outcomes consisted of the incidence of CV events, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) as a main endpoint. A random‐effects meta‐analysis was performed by pooling fully adjusted multivariate hazard ratios (HR) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) comparing TNFis with conventional systemic non‐biologicals (CSNBs). Of a total of 8724 search results, 56 studies were included overall, of which 29 articles were eligible for the meta‐analysis, and 27 were involved in the systematic review. Including all IMIDs, the TNFi group showed a significantly reduced risk of MACE compared with the CSNB group (HR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.58–0.95, p = 0.025; IRR = 0.77, 95% CI 0.67–0.88, p < 0.001). Subgroup analysis of Pso, PsA patients by pooling IRRs also confirmed the significantly decreased risk of MACE in TNFi‐treated patients compared with CSNB groups (IRR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.64–0.98). The observational nature of most included studies leading to high heterogeneity represents a limitation. Based on the results, TNFis may reduce the risk of CV events compared to CSNBs. Therefore, earlier use of TNFis compared to conventional systemic agents in the therapeutic sequence may benefit CV risk in IMID patients.
A review of isotretinoin in the treatment of frontal fibrosing alopecia
Authors: Shahpar Amirhossein , Nezhad Nazanin Zeinali , Sahaf Akram‐Sadat , Ahramiyanpour Najmeh
Published: March 2024

Introduction

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is characterized by scarring alopecia of the frontotemporal scalp and facial papules. Isotretinoin is a vitamin A‐derived retinoid discovered in 1955 and approved for treating nodulocystic acne. This drug can also affect facial papules and frontotemporal hair loss in patients with FFA. In this article, we conducted a review of the available studies investigating the use of oral isotretinoin for FFA treatment. Our study provides insights into the efficacy and safety of isotretinoin as a potential treatment option for FFA and highlights areas for future research.

Method

In this study, we aimed to investigate the potential advantages and disadvantages of isotretinoin as a treatment for FFA. To identify all relevant articles, we developed a comprehensive search strategy and conducted a thorough search of three major databases: PubMed, Embase, and Science Direct. We retrieved a total of 82 articles from the search results. Two independent reviewers then screened each of the 82 articles based on our inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the identification of 15 articles that were deemed relevant to our study.

Results

Across the 15 articles, 232 patients who suffered from FFA were involved. Nearly 90% of patients experienced a significant reduction of symptoms after receiving oral isotretinoin at 10–40 mg daily. We conclude that isotretinoin can positively affect facial papules and help suppress hair loss.
Individual and social system factors influencing evidence‐based practices among nurses in general hospitals: A cross‐sectional multi‐institutional study
Authors: Nwe Hla Myo , Akkadechanunt Thitinut , Abhicharttibutra Kulwadee , Sripusanapan Acharaporn
Published: March 2024

Aims and Objectives

To investigate evidence‐based practices and examine the influence of individual and social system factors on evidence‐based practices among nurses in general hospitals.

Background

Evidence‐based practice is essential for improving healthcare quality. However, a challenge for nursing worldwide is nurses' limited use of evidence‐based practices. It is crucial to determine the individual and social system factors affecting nurses' use of evidence‐based practices.

Design

This study employs a multi‐institutional cross‐sectional design.

Methods

With a multistage random sampling method, 336 registered nurses were recruited from 17 general hospitals in the Republic of the Union of Myanmar. Data were collected through a seven‐part questionnaire, including the Evidence‐Based Practice Implementation Scale and individual and social system factors. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.

Results

Nurses in general hospitals perceived low levels of evidence‐based practices. Individual factors, such as perceived barriers (p < .001), knowledge (p < .001) and attitudes (p = .001), were related to EBP as well as social system factors, including the work environment (p < .001) which influence nurses' practice, explaining 34% variance among nurses.

Conclusion

Nurses perceived the work environment as the most influencing factor related to evidence‐based practices. Individual characteristics, including perceived knowledge, attitudes and barriers, were critical factors in performing evidence‐based practices in Myanmar.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

Nurse administrators and policymakers can develop strategies and interventions for improving knowledge, attitudes and work environment towards evidence‐based practice. Minimizing the barriers to evidence‐based practice will promote evidence‐based practices in Myanmar general hospitals.

Impact

In addressing the individual and social system factors influencing the evidence‐based practices of nurses, this study contributes to enhancing healthcare quality and outcomes.

Reporting Method

This study adhered to the STROBE checklist.

Patient or Public Contribution

There was no patient or public contribution.
Daily social support and school belonging among rural Chinese adolescents: Variations by parental migration
Authors: Zhang Youchuan , Wang Yijie
Published: March 2024

“Left‐behind” children refer to those who live in rural areas but have parents migrating to urban areas for work. They are at increased risk for developmental problems and family dysfunction. However, we currently know little regarding their support systems at school. Using daily data over five school days from 90 adolescents (Mage = 13.70) in rural China, this study investigated daily associations linking teacher and peer support to school belonging, and how these associations varied by parental migration. Teacher but not peer support was positively associated with same‐day school belonging. However, this association was attenuated for adolescents with longer duration and history of parental migration. The findings highlighted the importance of considering school settings and within‐group variations for left‐behind adolescents.
Health systems, health policies, and health issues for people with intellectual disabilities in England
Authors: Breau Genevieve
Published: March 2024

People with intellectual disabilities face health disparities, including in high‐income countries such as the United Kingdom, despite publicly funded healthcare. This paper describes the healthcare system in England (a nation of the United Kingdom) for the general population, and more specifically for people with intellectual disabilities. Key legislation that impacts the lives of people with intellectual disabilities, such as the UK Equality Act 2010 (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents), the Mental Capacity Act 2005 (https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2005/9/contents), and the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, and its implementation in the United Kingdom, is discussed. The role of deinstitutionalization and the shift to living in the community for people with intellectual disabilities is also discussed. Programmes that have been implemented to address the health disparities experienced by people with intellectual disabilities are reviewed. Finally, the recent changes to healthcare organization in the UK, the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the implementation of the Valuing People white paper are discussed.
Leveraging opportunities for treatment/user simplicity (LOTUS): Navigating the current treatment landscape for achieving hepatitis C virus elimination among persons who inject drugs
Authors: Sulkowski Mark S. , Martinez Anthony , Tyson Gia L. , Scholz Kathleen , Franco Ricardo A. , Kohli Anita , Julius Susan F. , Deming Paulina , Fink Scott A. , Lynch Keisa , Roytman Marina , Stainbrook Tuesdae R. , Turner Marshe D. , Viera‐Briggs Matthew , Ramers Christian B.
Published: March 2024

All‐oral, direct‐acting antivirals can cure hepatitis C virus (HCV) in almost all infected individuals; yet, many individuals with chronic HCV are not treated, and the incidence of acute HCV is increasing in some countries, including the United States. Strains on healthcare resources during the COVID‐19 pandemic negatively impacted the progress toward the World Health Organization goal to eliminate HCV by 2030, especially among persons who inject drugs (PWID). Here, we present a holistic conceptual framework termed LOTUS (Leveraging Opportunities for Treatment/User Simplicity), designed to integrate the current HCV practice landscape and invigorate HCV treatment programs in the setting of endemic COVID‐19: (A) treatment as prevention (especially among PWID), (B) recognition that HCV cure may be achieved with variable adherence with evidence supporting some forgiveness for missed doses, (C) treatment of all persons with active HCV infection (viremic), regardless of acuity, (D) minimal monitoring (MinMon) during treatment, and (E) rapid test and treat (TnT). The objective of this article is to review the current literature supporting each LOTUS petal; identify remaining gaps in knowledge or data; define the remaining barriers facing healthcare providers; and review evidence‐based strategies for overcoming key barriers.
Linking the key physiological functions of essential micronutrients to their deficiency symptoms in plants
Authors: Lilay Grmay Hailu , Thiébaut Noémie , du Mee Dorine , Assunção Ana G. L. , Schjoerring Jan Kofod , Husted Søren , Persson Daniel Pergament
Published: March 2024

In this review, we untangle the physiological key functions of the essential micronutrients and link them to the deficiency responses in plants. Knowledge of these responses at the mechanistic level, and the resulting deficiency symptoms, have improved over the last decade and it appears timely to review recent insights for each of them. A proper understanding of the links between function and symptom is indispensable for an accurate and timely identification of nutritional disorders, thereby informing the design and development of sustainable fertilization strategies. Similarly, improved knowledge of the molecular and physiological functions of micronutrients will be important for breeding programmes aiming to develop new crop genotypes with improved nutrient‐use efficiency and resilience in the face of changing soil and climate conditions.
Evaluation of the Anatomical Reference Point in Posterior Minimally Invasive Atlantoaxial Spine Surgery: A Cadaveric Anatomical Study
Authors: Lian Peirong , Chen Hu , Wang Wanshun , Zhu Changrong , Tu Qiang , Ma Xiangyang , Xia Hong , Yi Honglei
Published: March 2024

Objective

Minimally invasive atlantoaxial surgery offers the benefits of reduced trauma and quicker recovery. Previous studies have focused on feasibility and technical aspects, but the lack of comprehensive safety information has limited its availability and widespread use. This study proposes to define the feasibility and range of surgical safety using the intersection of the greater occipital nerve and the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique as a reference point.

Methods

Dissection was performed on 10 fresh cadavers to define the anatomical reference point as the intersection of the greater occipital nerve and the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle. The study aimed to analyze the safety range of minimally invasive atlantoaxial fusion surgery by measuring the distance between the anatomical reference point and the transverse foramen of the axis, the distance between the anatomical reference point and the superior border of the posterior arch of the atlas, and the distance between the anatomical reference point and the spinal canal. Measurements were compared using Student's t test.

Results

The point where the occipital greater nerve intersects with the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle was defined as the anatomical marker for minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery. The distance between this anatomical marker and the transverse foramen of the axis was measured to be 9.32 ± 2.04 mm. Additionally, the distance to the superior border of the posterior arch of the atlas was found to be 21.29 ± 1.93 mm, and the distance to the spinal canal was measured to be 11.53 ± 2.18 mm. These measurement results can aid surgeons in protecting the vertebral artery and dura mater during minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery.

Conclusions

The intersection of the greater occipital nerve with the inferior border of the inferior cephalic oblique muscle is a safe and reliable anatomical landmark in minimally invasive posterior atlantoaxial surgery.
Artificial intelligence, machine learning, and big data: Improvements to the science of people at work and applications to practice
Authors: Woo Sang Eun , Tay Louis , Oswald Frederick
Published: March 2024

Currently, in the organizational research community, artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and big data techniques are being vigorously explored as a set of modern‐day approaches contributing to a multidisciplinary science of people at work. This paper discusses more specifically how these sophisticated technologies, methods, and data might together advance the science of people at work through various routes, including improving theory and knowledge, construct measurements, and predicting real‐world outcomes. Inspired by the four articles in the current special issue highlighting several of these aspects in essential ways, we also share other possibilities for future organizational research. In addition, we indicate many key practical, ethical, and institutional challenges with research involving AI/ML and big data (i.e., data accessibility, methodological skill gaps, data transparency, privacy, reproducibility, generalizability, and interpretability). Taken together, the opportunities and challenges that lie ahead in the areas of AI and ML promise to reshape organizational research and practice in many exciting and impactful ways.
Living‐donor liver transplantation for methylmalonic acidemia patient with hepatocellular carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Authors: Deguchi Harunori , Sakamoto Seisuke , Shimizu Seiichi , Fukuda Akinari , Uchida Hajime , Yanagi Yusuke , Nakao Toshimasa , Kodama Tasuku , Komine Ryuji , Nishi Kentaro , Kamei Koichi , Haga Chizuko , Yoshioka Takako , Matsumoto Kimikazu , Horikawa Reiko , Kasahara Mureo
Published: March 2024

Background

Methylmalonic acidemia (MMA) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by defects in propionyl‐CoA (P‐CoA) catabolism; of note, liver neoplasms rarely occur as a long‐term complication of the disorder. Herein, we report the case of a patient with MMA and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who was successfully treated with a living‐donor liver transplant (LDLT) following prior kidney transplantation.

Case Report

A 25‐year‐old male patient with MMA underwent LDLT with a left lobe graft because of metabolic instability and liver neoplasms. He had presented with chronic symptoms of MMA, which had been diagnosed by genetic testing. Additionally, he had undergone living‐donor kidney transplantation with his father as the donor due to end‐stage kidney disease 6 years before the LDLT. He had an episode of metabolic decompensation triggered by coronavirus disease in 2019. Imaging studies revealed an intrahepatic neoplasm in the right hepatic lobe. Due to concerns about metabolic decompensation after hepatectomy, LDLT was performed using a left lobe graft obtained from the patient's mother. Pathological findings were consistent with the characteristics of well‐to‐moderately differentiated HCC. The postoperative course was uneventful, and the patient was discharged 48 days after the LDLT without any complications. At the 9‐month follow‐up, the patient's condition was satisfactory, with sufficient liver graft function and without metabolic decompensation.

Conclusion

This case indicates that although HCC is a rare complication in patients with MMA, clinicians should be aware of hepatic malignancies during long‐term follow‐up.
Ten‐year follow‐up of cavoportal hemitransposition in pediatric liver transplantation for complete portomesenteric venous thrombosis: A case report and literature review
Authors: Barron John O. , Radhakrishnan Kadakkal , Coppa Christopher , Goldman Deborah , Hupertz Vera , Leonis Mike , Eghtesad Bijan , Hashimoto Koji
Published: March 2024

Background

Portal vein thrombosis is a potentially devastating complication following pediatric liver transplantation. In rare instances of complete portomesenteric thrombosis, cavoportal hemitransposition may provide graft inflow. Here we describe long‐term results following a case of pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition during liver transplantation and review the current pediatric literature.

Methods

A 9‐month‐old female with a history of biliary atresia and failed Kasai portoenterostomy underwent living donor liver transplantation, which was complicated by portomesenteric venous thrombosis. The patient underwent retransplantation with cavoportal hemitransposition on postoperative day 12.

Outcome

The patient recovered without further complication, and 10 years later, she continues to do well, with normal graft function and no clinical sequelae of portal hypertension. CT scan with 3‐D vascular reconstruction demonstrated recanalization of the splanchnic system, with systemic drainage to the inferior vena cava via an inferior mesenteric vein shunt. The cavoportal anastomosis remains patent with hepatopetal flow. Of the 12 previously reported cases of pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition as portal inflow in liver transplantation, this is the longest‐known follow‐up with a viable allograft. Notably, sequelae of portal hypertension were also rare in the 12 previously reported cases, with no cases of long‐term renal dysfunction, lower extremity edema, or ascites.

Conclusions

Long‐term survival beyond 10 years with normal graft function is feasible following pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition. Complications related to portal hypertension were generally short‐lived, likely due to the development of robust collateral circulation. Additional reports of long‐term outcomes are necessary to facilitate informed decision making when considering pediatric cavoportal hemitransposition for liver graft inflow.
An analysis of the contents of the young‐onset dementia helpline: profiles of clients who consulted the helpline themselves
Authors: Kogata Tomohiro , Saito Chiaki , Kato Fukiko , Kudo Jumpei , Yamaguchi Yusuke , Lee Sangyoon , Washimi Yukihiko
Published: March 2024

Background

Young‐onset dementia (YOD) community care requires personalised approaches. Yet, the specific details of YOD consultations are unclear. This study explored how initial consultations correlate with client profiles.

Methods

Data from regional YOD helplines were used to analyze the main characteristics of people living with YOD or who had concerns about the possibility of YOD (n = 132). Among several categorical variables, the following were used for analysis: age group, sex, type of living arrangement, employment status, presence of dementia, and content of the consultation. To identify groups of items that frequently occur together, strongly connected rules were identified using association rule analysis with the a priori algorithm. To focus on the characteristics of clients, rules related to client characteristics were extracted based on the type of consultation.

Results

A total of 51 rules were identified for the consultations. These rules fell into two categories: (1) consultations for medical matters, which mainly involved employed individuals with undiagnosed dementia, and (2) other consultations on daily life or work, which mainly involved individuals diagnosed with dementia and were characterised by the influence of sex. These rules indicate the importance of medical involvement in confirming the diagnosis and specific individualised care following diagnosis for people living with YOD.

Conclusion

Clients with or without a dementia diagnosis were consulted differently in the YOD helplines. Before receiving a diagnosis, medical matters were the main theme of consultations, whereas after receiving a diagnosis, adjustments to daily life or work were the main themes. The results of this study suggest that the needs of people living with YOD and the services they require may vary depending on their backgrounds.
Lost in translation: Unveiling medical students' untold errors of medical history documentation
Authors: Lange Silvan , Krüger Nils , Warm Maximilian , Buechel Johanna , Genzel‐Boroviczény Orsolya , Fischer Martin R. , Dimitriadis Konstantinos
Published: March 2024

Objective

The accurate documentation of a medical history interview is an important goal in medical education. As students' documentation of medical history interviews is mostly decentralised on the wards, a systematic assessment of documentation quality is missing. We therefore evaluated the extent of details missed in students' medical history reports in a standardised setting.

Methods

In this prospective, observational study, 123 of 380 students (32.4%) participated in an Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) regarding history taking and documentation. Based on the interviews and nine deductively selected main categories, a categorical system was established using a summarising qualitative content analysis. The items in the transcripts (defined as ground truth) and in students' reports were labelled and assigned to the correct subcategory. The ground truth and students' reports were compared to quantify students' documentation completeness.

Results

Next to the nine deductively selected main categories, 61 subcategories were defined. A total of 8943 items were labelled in the 123 interview transcripts (ground truth), compared with 5870 items labelled in students' reports (65.6% completeness of students' reports compared with ground truth). The main category personal details overlapped with 94.2% between students' report and ground truth in contrast to the main category with the highest discrepancy, allergy, with 41.1% overlap. Pertinent negative items and non‐numerical quantifications were often missed.

Conclusions

Medical students show incomplete documentation of medical history interviews. Therefore, accurate documentation should be taught as an important goal in medical education.
Computed tomographic diagnosis and clinical outcomes of small intestinal obstruction caused by trichobezoars in client‐owned rabbits
Authors: Di Girolamo Nicola , Tollefson Christopher
Published: March 2024

Small intestinal obstruction in rabbits, although demonstrated to be common, is still poorly characterized. The objective of this study was to report features of small intestinal obstruction caused by trichobezoars in rabbits upon CT and their clinical outcomes. Rabbits with a diagnosis of intestinal obstruction that underwent CT scanning were included in this study. From each CT scan, obstruction location, appearance, Hounsfield units, size (mm), volume (mm3), distance from the stomach, and diameter of the small intestine proximal and distal to it, were extracted. Nine rabbits were included in the study. All rabbits presented for anorexia and had a distended or enlarged stomach (7) or abdomen (2). CT scan showed a non‐contrast‐enhancing, ovoid, smoothly marginated structure with a hyperattenuating rim, heterogeneous center, and variable amount of centrally located gas, in the duodenum (5), the jejunum (2), or the ileum (2). The density of the trichobezoars ranged from −156 to 58 HU (median, −44 HU) and volume ranged from 86.1 to 633.8 mm3(median, 320.6 mm3). Three rabbits underwent medical management. Two of them survived, and one of them died. Six rabbits underwent surgery, of which three were successfully discharged from the hospital. CT proved to be a valuable imaging modality in rabbits with a suspected intestinal obstruction to provide the exact location of the obstruction and the characteristics of the obstructive material. The location and size of the trichobezoar may have relevant clinical implications.
Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on Volatility Spillovers across Global Financial Markets: Evidence from Asymmetric GARCH Models
Authors: Khan Muhammad Niaz
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the market volatility and asymmetric behavior in the commodity market, foreign exchange market, cryptocurrency, and stock markets by employing asymmetric GARCH models on the daily time series returns. The data covers the period from March 8, 2017, to March 17, 2023, and is divided in to three sub-periods: the entire sample period (March 8, 2017, to March 17, 2023), the pre-COVID-19 period (March 8, 2017, to March 10, 2020), and the during the COVID-19 period (March 11, 2020, to March 17, 2023). The empirical results show a high level of volatility persistence in all the financial markets during the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, the results indicate significant positive asymmetric behavior in the crude oil and stock markets during the pandemic. The findings further document that gold exhibits a strong resilience during the pandemic period, indicating its hedging ability during crisis periods. Moreover, the results suggest that the EGARCH model is the most appropriate model to capture the volatilities of the financial markets both before and during the pandemic. The findings of this study provide useful insights for investors and policymakers, enabling them to adopt effective strategies for investing in portfolios during crisis periods in the future.
Challenges for global antibiotic regimen planning and establishing antimicrobial resistance targets: implications for the WHO Essential Medicines List and AWaRe antibiotic book dosing
Authors: Reza Nada , Gerada Alessandro , Stott Katharine E. , Howard Alex , Sharland Mike , Hope William
Published: March 2024

The World Health Organisation’s 2022 AWaRe Book provides guidance for the use of 39 antibiotics to treat 35 infections in primary healthcare and hospital facilities. We review the evidence underpinning suggested dosing regimens. Few (
n
= 18) population pharmacokinetic studies exist for key oral AWaRe antibiotics, largely conducted in homogenous and unrepresentative populations hindering robust estimates of drug exposures. Databases of minimum inhibitory concentration distributions are limited, especially for community pathogen-antibiotic combinations. Minimum inhibitory concentration data sources are not routinely reported and lack regional diversity and community representation. Of studies defining a pharmacodynamic target for ß-lactams (
n
= 80), 42 (52.5%) differed from traditionally accepted 30%–50% time above minimum inhibitory concentration targets. Heterogeneity in model systems and pharmacodynamic endpoints is common, and models generally use intravenous ß-lactams. One-size-fits-all pharmacodynamic targets are used for regimen planning despite complexity in drug-pathogen-disease combinations. We present solutions to enable the development of global evidence-based antibiotic dosing guidance that provides adequate treatment in the context of the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and, moreover, minimizes the emergence of resistance.
Re-framing the importance of Group B
Streptococcus
as a gut-resident pathobiont
Authors: Ling Joie , Hryckowian Andrew J.
Published: March 2024

Streptococcus agalactiae
(Group B
Streptococcus
, GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterial species that causes disease in humans across the lifespan. While antibiotics are used to mitigate GBS infections, it is evident that antibiotics disrupt human microbiomes (which can predispose people to other diseases later in life), and antibiotic resistance in GBS is on the rise. Taken together, these unintended negative impacts of antibiotics highlight the need for precision approaches for minimizing GBS disease. One possible approach involves selectively depleting GBS in its commensal niches before it can cause disease at other body sites or be transmitted to at-risk individuals. One understudied commensal niche of GBS is the adult gastrointestinal (GI) tract, which may predispose colonization at other body sites in individuals at risk for GBS disease. However, a better understanding of the host-, microbiome-, and GBS-determined variables that dictate GBS GI carriage is needed before precise GI decolonization approaches can be developed. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge of the diverse body sites occupied by GBS as a pathogen and as a commensal. We summarize key molecular factors GBS utilizes to colonize different host-associated niches to inform future efforts to study GBS in the GI tract. We also discuss other GI commensals that are pathogenic in other body sites to emphasize the broader utility of precise de-colonization approaches for mitigating infections by GBS and other bacterial pathogens. Finally, we highlight how GBS treatments could be improved with a more holistic understanding of GBS enabled by continued GI-focused study.
IS
26
and the IS
26
family: versatile resistance gene movers and genome reorganizers
Authors: Harmer Christopher J. , Hall Ruth M.
Published: March 2024

SUMMARY

In Gram-negative bacteria, the insertion sequence IS
26
is highly active in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes. IS
26
can recruit a gene or group of genes into the mobile gene pool and support their continued dissemination to new locations by creating pseudo-compound transposons (PCTs) that can be further mobilized by the insertion sequence (IS). IS
26
can also enhance expression of adjacent potential resistance genes. IS
26
encodes a DDE transposase but has unique properties. It forms cointegrates between two separate DNA molecules using two mechanisms. The well-known copy-in (replicative) route generates an additional IS copy and duplicates the target site. The recently discovered and more efficient and targeted conservative mechanism requires an IS in both participating molecules and does not generate any new sequence. The unit of movement for PCTs, known as a translocatable unit or TU, includes only one IS
26
. TU formed by homologous recombination between the bounding IS
26
s can be reincorporated via either cointegration route. However, the targeted conservative reaction is key to generation of arrays of overlapping PCTs seen in resistant pathogens. Using the copy-in route, IS
26
can also act on a site in the same DNA molecule, either inverting adjacent DNA or generating an adjacent deletion plus a circular molecule carrying the DNA segment lost and an IS copy. If reincorporated, these circular molecules create a new PCT. IS
26
is the best characterized IS in the IS
26
family, which includes IS
257
/IS
431
, ISSau10, IS
1216
, IS
1006
, and IS
1008
that are also implicated in spreading resistance genes in Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens.
Characterizing the microbial metagenome of calcareous stromatolite formations in the San Felipe Creek in the Anza Borrego Desert
Authors: Stancheva Rosalina , Sethuraman Arun , Khadivar Hossein , Archambeau Jenna , Caughran Ella , Chang Ashley , Hunter Brad , Ihenyen Christian , Onwukwe Marvin , Palacios Dariana , La Prairie Chloe , Read Nicole , Tsang Julianna , Vega Brianna , Velasquez Cristina , Zhang Xiaoyu , Becket Elinne , Read Betsy
Published: March 2024

We describe the metagenome composition, community functional annotation, and prokaryote diversity in calcareous stromatolites from a dry stream bed of the San Felipe Creek in the Anza Borrego Desert. Analyses show a community capable of nitrogen fixation, assimilatory nitrate reduction, biofilm formation, quorum sensing, and potential thick-walled akinete formation for desiccation resistance.
Updated RDP taxonomy and RDP Classifier for more accurate taxonomic classification
Authors: Wang Qiong , Cole James R.
Published: March 2024

The RDP Classifier is one of the most popular machine learning approaches for taxonomic classification due to its robustness and relatively high accuracy. Both the RDP taxonomy and RDP Classifier have been updated to incorporate newly described taxa and recent changes to prokaryotic nomenclature.