bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Premature or Small for Gestational Age Discrimination: International Multicenter Trial Protocol for Classification of the Low-Birth-Weight Newborn Through the Optical Properties of the Skin
Authors: Reis Zilma , Vitral Gabriela , Guimarães Rodney , Gaspar Juliano , Colosimo Enrico , Taunde Sergio , Mussagy Nilza , Rosado Santos Rita , Ayres-De-Campos Diogo , Romanelli Roberta
Published: May 2020

Background

A low birth weight is an independent risk factor for adverse infant outcomes and a predictor of chronic disease in adulthood. In these situations, differentiating between prematurity and small for gestational age (SGA) or simultaneous conditions is essential to ensuring adequate care. Such diagnoses, however, depend on reliable pregnancy dating, which can be challenging in developing countries. A new medical optoelectronic device was developed to estimate gestational age (GA) at birth based on newborn skin reflection.

Objective

This study will aim to evaluate the device’s ability to detect prematurity or SGA, or both conditions simultaneously as well as predict short-term pulmonary complications in a cohort of low-birth-weight newborns.

Methods

This study protocol was designed for a multicenter cohort including referral hospitals in Brazil and Mozambique. Newborns weighing 500-2500 g will be eligible for inclusion with the best GA available, considering the limited resources of low-income countries. Comparator-GA is based on reliable last menstrual period dating or ultrasound assessment before 24 weeks’ gestation. Estimated GA at birth (Test-GA) will be calculated by applying a novel optoelectronic device to the newborn’s skin over the sole. The average difference between Test-GA and Comparator-GA will be analyzed, as will the percentage of newborns who are correctly diagnosed as preterm or SGA. In addition, in a nested case–control study, the accuracy of skin reflection in the prediction of prematurity-related respiratory problems will be evaluated. The estimated required sample size is 298 newborns.

Results

Teams of health professionals were trained, and standard operating procedures were developed following the good practice guidelines for the clinical investigation of medical devices for human participants. The first recruitment started in March 2019 in Brazil. Data collection is planned to end in December 2020, and the results should be available in March 2021.

Conclusions

The results of this clinical study have the potential to validate a new device to easily assess postnatal GA, supporting SGA identification when pregnancy dating is unreliable or unknown.

Trial Registration

ReBec: RBR-33rnjf; http://www.ensaiosclinicos.gov.br/rg/RBR-33rnjf/

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/16477
An Objective Structured Clinical Examination for Medical Student Radiology Clerkships: Reproducibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Staziaki Pedro Vinícius , Sarangi Rutuparna , Parikh Ujas N , Brooks Jeffrey G , LeBedis Christina Alexandra , Shaffer Kitt
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs) are a useful method to evaluate medical students’ performance in the clerkship years. OSCEs are designed to assess skills and knowledge in a standardized clinical setting and through use of a preset standard grading sheet, so that clinical knowledge can be evaluated at a high level and in a reproducible way.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to present our OSCE assessment tool designed specifically for radiology clerkship medical students, which we called the objective structured radiology examination (OSRE), with the intent to advance the assessment of clerkship medical students by providing an objective, structured, reproducible, and low-cost method to evaluate medical students’ radiology knowledge and the reproducibility of this assessment tool.

METHODS

We designed 9 different OSRE cases for radiology clerkship classes with participating third- and fourth-year medical students. Each examination comprises 1 to 3 images, a clinical scenario, and structured questions, along with a standardized scoring sheet that allows for an objective and low-cost assessment. Each medical student completed 3 of 9 random examination cases during their rotation. To evaluate for reproducibility of our scoring sheet assessment tool, we used 5 examiners to grade the same students. Reproducibility for each case and consistency for each grader were assessed with a two-way mixed effects intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). An ICC below 0.4 was deemed poor to fair, an ICC of 0.41 to 0.60 was moderate, an ICC of 0.6 to 0.8 was substantial, and an ICC greater than 0.8 was almost perfect. We also assessed the correlation of scores and the students’ clinical experience with a linear regression model and compared mean grades between third- and fourth-year students.

RESULTS

A total of 181 students (156 third- and 25 fourth-year students) were included in the study for a full academic year. Moreover, 6 of 9 cases demonstrated average ICCs more than 0.6 (substantial correlation), and the average ICCs ranged from 0.36 to 0.80 (P<.001 for all the cases). The average ICC for each grader was more than 0.60 (substantial correlation). The average grade among the third-year students was 11.9 (SD 4.9), compared with 12.8 (SD 5) among the fourth-year students (P=.005). There was no correlation between clinical experience and OSRE grade (−0.02; P=.48), adjusting for the medical school year.

CONCLUSIONS

Our OSRE is a reproducible assessment tool with most of our OSRE cases showing substantial correlation, except for 3 cases. No expertise in radiology is needed to grade these examinations using our scoring sheet. There was no correlation between scores and the clinical experience of the medical students tested.
Suitability and Sufficiency of Telehealth Clinician-Observed, Participant-Collected Samples for SARS-CoV-2 Testing: The iCollect Cohort Pilot Study (Preprint)
Authors: Guest Jodie L , Sullivan Patrick S , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Valencia Rachel , Adam Elizabeth , Luisi Nicole , Nakano Mariko , Guarner Jeannette , del Rio Carlos , Sailey Charles , Goedecke Zoe , Siegler Aaron J , Sanchez Travis H
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic calls for expanded opportunities for testing, including novel testing strategies such as home-collected specimens.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to understand whether oropharyngeal swab (OPS), saliva, and dried blood spot (DBS) specimens collected by participants at home and mailed to a laboratory were sufficient for use in diagnostic and serology tests of SARS-CoV-2.

METHODS

Eligible participants consented online and were mailed a participant-collection kit to support collection of three specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing: saliva, OPS, and DBS. Participants performed the specimen collection procedures during a telehealth video appointment while clinical observers watched and documented the suitability of the collection. The biological sufficiency of the specimens for detection of SARS-CoV-2 by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction and serology testing was assessed by laboratorians using visual inspection and quantification of the nucleic acid contents of the samples by ribonuclease P (RNase P) measurements.

RESULTS

Of the enrolled participants,153/159 (96.2%) returned their kits, which were included in this analysis. All these participants attended their video appointments. Clinical observers assessed that of the samples collected, 147/153 (96.1%) of the saliva samples, 146/151 (96.7%) of the oropharyngeal samples, and 135/145 (93.1%) of the DBS samples were of sufficient quality for submission for laboratory testing; 100% of the OPS samples and 98% of the saliva samples had cycle threshold values for RNase P <30, indicating that the samples contained sufficient nucleic acid for RNA-PCR testing for SARS-CoV-2.

CONCLUSIONS

These pilot data indicate that most participant-collected OPS, saliva, and DBS specimens are suitable and sufficient for testing for SARS-CoV-2 RNA and serology. Clinical observers rated the collection of specimens as suitable for testing, and visual and quantitative laboratory assessment indicated that the specimens were biologically sufficient. These data support the utility of participant-collected and mailed-in specimens for SARS-CoV-2 testing.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

RR2-10.2196/19054
Application of Inherent Risk of Contagion (IRC) framework & modelling to aid local Covid-19 response & mitigation: Viewpoint (Preprint)
Authors: Zakariah Helmi , bt Kamaluddin Fadzilah , Ting Choo-Yee , Yee Hui-Jia , Allaham Shereen , Manikam Logan
Published: May 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the novel coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2 has been a major global public health problem threatening many countries and territories. Mathematical modelling is one of the non-pharmaceutical public health measures that plays a crucial role for mitigating the risk and impact of the pandemic. A group of researchers and epidemiologists have developed a machine learning-powered inherent risk of contagion (IRC) analytical framework to georeference the COVID-19 with an operational platform to plan response & execute mitigation activities. This framework dataset provides a coherent picture to track and predict the COVID-19 epidemic post lockdown by piecing together preliminary data on publicly available health statistic metrics alongside the area of reported cases, drivers, vulnerable population, and number of premises that are suspected to become a transmission area between drivers and vulnerable population. The main aim of this new analytical framework is to measure the IRC and provide georeferenced data to protect the health system, aid contact tracing, and prioritise the vulnerable.
Early warning signs of a mental health tsunami: Initial data insights from digital services providers during COVID-19 (Preprint)
Authors: Inkster Becky , O’Brien Ross , Niederhoffer Kate , Bidargaddi Niranja , McIntyre Roger S. , Bowden-Jones Henrietta , Torous John , Insel Tom
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

The immediate impact of COVID-19 on mortality and morbidity has demonstrated the need for accurate and real time data monitoring and communication. Displacements to healthcare systems and economies may have created the perfect storm for an impending and enduring mental health crisis.

OBJECTIVE

This project documents observations from multiple digital platforms during the COVID-19 crisis, especially digital mental health services.

METHODS

We used email and social media campaigns to announce an urgent call for support. Digital mental health service providers (N=44), financial services providers (N=5) and other relevant digital data source providers (N=3) responded with quantitative and/or qualitative insights.

RESULTS

This study demonstrates the complexity of mental health concerns as witnessed by digital providers. A recurring observation is that demand for digital mental health support has risen. The nature of this demand has also changed since COVID-19, notably with an increased presentation of anxiety and loneliness.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides proof-of-concept of the viability of working with data insights from diverse digital services providers. We hope that these insights might help to form an epistemological foundation to stimulate future research. Looking ahead, we anticipate the need for a rigorous process to interpret insights from a wide variety of sources in order to monitor mental health needs.
Impact of National Containment Measures on Decelerating the Increase in Daily New Cases of COVID-19 in 54 Countries and 4 Epicenters of the Pandemic: Comparative Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Wong Carlos K H , Wong Janet Y H , Tang Eric H M , Au Chi Ho , Lau Kristy T K , Wai Abraham K C
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is a worldwide epidemic, and various countries have responded with different containment measures to reduce disease transmission, including stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns. Comparative studies have not yet been conducted to investigate the impact of these containment measures; these studies are needed to facilitate public health policy-making across countries.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to describe and evaluate the impact of national containment measures and policies (stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns) on decelerating the increase in daily new cases of COVID-19 in 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the pandemic in different jurisdictions worldwide.

METHODS

We reviewed the effective dates of the national containment measures (stay-at-home order, curfew, or lockdown) of 54 countries and 4 epicenters of the COVID-19 pandemic (Wuhan, New York State, Lombardy, and Madrid), and we searched cumulative numbers of confirmed COVID-19 cases and daily new cases provided by health authorities. Data were drawn from an open, crowdsourced, daily-updated COVID-19 data set provided by Our World in Data. We examined the trends in the percent increase in daily new cases from 7 days before to 30 days after the dates on which containment measures went into effect by continent, World Bank income classification, type of containment measures, effective date of containment measures, and number of confirmed cases on the effective date of the containment measures.

RESULTS

We included 122,366 patients with confirmed COVID-19 infection from 54 countries and 24,071 patients from 4 epicenters on the effective dates on which stay-at-home orders, curfews, or lockdowns were implemented between January 23 and April 11, 2020. Stay-at-home, curfew, and lockdown measures commonly commenced in countries with approximately 30%, 20%, or 10% increases in daily new cases. All three measures were found to lower the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within one month. Among the countries studied, 20% had an average percent increase in daily new cases of 30-49 over the seven days prior to the commencement of containment measures; the percent increase in daily new cases in these countries was curbed to 10 and 5 a maximum of 15 days and 23 days after the implementation of containment measures, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Different national containment measures were associated with a decrease in daily new cases of confirmed COVID-19 infection. Stay-at-home orders, curfews, and lockdowns curbed the percent increase in daily new cases to <5 within a month. Resurgence in cases within one month was observed in some South American countries.
Primary Health Care Facility Preparedness for Outpatient Service Provision During the COVID-19 Pandemic in India: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Garg Suneela , Basu Saurav , Rustagi Ruchir , Borle Amod
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND

Primary health centers (PHCs) represent the first tier of the Indian health care system, providing a range of essential outpatient services to people living in the rural, suburban, and hard-to-reach areas. Diversion of health care resources for containing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has significantly undermined the accessibility and availability of essential health services. Under these circumstances, the preparedness of PHCs in providing safe patient-centered care and meeting the current health needs of the population while preventing further transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is crucial.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to determine the primary health care facility preparedness toward the provision of safe outpatient services during the COVID-19 pandemic in India.

METHODS

We conducted a cross-sectional study among supervisors and managers of primary health care facilities attached to medical colleges and institutions in India. A list of 60 faculties involved in the management and supervision of PHCs affiliated with the community medicine departments of medical colleges and institutes across India was compiled from an accessible private organization member database. We collected the data through a rapid survey from April 24 to 30, 2020, using a Google Forms online digital questionnaire that evaluated preparedness parameters based on self-assessment by the participants. The preparedness domains assessed were infrastructure availability, health worker safety, and patient care.

RESULTS

A total of 51 faculties responded to the survey. Each medical college and institution had on average a total of 2.94 (SD 1.7) PHCs under its jurisdiction. Infrastructural and infection control deficits at the PHC were reported in terms of limited physical space and queuing capacity, lack of separate entry and exit gates (n=25, 49%), inadequate ventilation (n=29, 57%), and negligible airborne infection control measures (n=38, 75.5%). N95 masks were available at 26 (50.9%) sites. Infection prevention and control measures were also suboptimal with inadequate facilities for handwashing and hand hygiene reported in 23.5% (n=12) and 27.4% (n=14) of sites, respectively. The operation of outpatient services, particularly related to maternal and child health, was significantly disrupted (P<.001) during the COVID-19 pandemic.

CONCLUSIONS

Existing PHC facilities in India providing outpatient services are constrained in their functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic due to weak infrastructure contributing to suboptimal patient safety and infection control measures. Furthermore, there is a need for effective planning, communication, and coordination between the centralized health policy makers and health managers working at primary health care facilities to ensure overall preparedness during public health emergencies.
IN-VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIZED SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING STENOTROPHOMONAS MALTOPHILIA STRAIN NS-24 FROM NON-RHIZOSPHERE SOIL
Authors: NAYAKA SREENIVASA , CHAKRABORTY BIDHAYAK , AIRODGI DATTATREYA , BHAT MEGHASHYAMA P. , NAGARAJA SHASHIRAJ K. , SWAMY PALLAVI S. , R. MUTHURAJ , HIREMATH HALASWAMY , BASAVARAJAPPA DHANYAKUMARA S. , REGO MARIA
Published: May 2020

Objective: The present goals of our study were biological synthesis, characterizations of silver nanoparticles, and evaluation of its antimicrobial activity against microbial pathogens like Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus.

Methods: The bacterial Strain NS-24 was isolated on nutrient agar medium and was selected for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles based on its gram-negative characteristics. The characterizations of silver nanoparticles were done by UV-Visible spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), High Resolution-Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Later, the molecular characterization of the Strain NS-24 was done by DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results: The UV-visible spectrophotometric observation of the Strain NS-24 supernatant and AgNO3 solution showed maximum absorbance at 423 nm. The AFM data confirmed that the particles were polydispersed and spherical in shape. Additionally, the FTIR analysis revealed the IR spectral band patterning and TEM analyzes showed the size of biological AgNPs was in the range of 12.56 nm to 27.32 nm, with an average of 18.06 nm in size. Further, the 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed the identity of Strain NS-24 as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. The antimicrobial activity of AgNPs was studied on different gram-negative and gram-positive bacterial strains like Escherichia coli (MTCC 40), Enterococcus faecalis (MTCC 6845), Streptococcus pneumoniae (MTCC 8874) and Staphylococcus aureus (MTCC 2825), which showed good inhibition of their growth at varying concentrations of AgNPs against all the pathogens.

Conclusion: Our findings showed that the synthesized AgNPs from the isolated bacterium was small in size and had profound antibacterial activity against pathogenic micro-organisms.
ETIČKI ČINILAC BORBENOG MORALA
Authors: Stanar Dragan
Published: May 2020

Višeznačost pojma moral je u vojnom diskursu naročito evidentna, ali i nedovoljno definisana. Ova nedovoljna pojmovna razjašnjenost prouzrokuje razne vrste implikacija i praktičnih problema, koji se najviše manifestuju u vidu zanemarivanja ili potpunog ignorisanja vrednosnog značenja pojma moral u vojnom diskursu, redukujući pri tome značenje pojma moral u vojsci samo na borbeni moral. Borbeni moral predstavlja više psihološko-andragošku nego etičku kategoriju, a je njegovo izjednačavanje sa celokupnom sadržinom vojnog etosa površno, pogrešno i štetno. Cilj ovog rada jeste da pokaže da vrednostno značenje termina moral nije u koliziji sa borbenim moralom, već naprotiv – da su ova dva značenja komplementarna, i da oba moraju biti deo onoga što podrazumevamo pod vojnom etikom ili vojnim etosom. Metodom analize istorijskih iskustava i savremenih dešavanja i indukcijom pojedinačnih stavova direktnih učesnika u oružanim sukobima skupljenih tokom godina, uz strukturnu analizu pojma borbenog morala, autor kroz argumentovanje neophodnosti prepoznavanja i vrednosno-moralnog, tj. „etičkog“ činioca borbenog morala kao važne determinante borbenog morala u procesu naučne sinteze pokazuje nužnu i neraskidivu vezu oba značenja pojma moral unutar vojnog etosa. Zanemarivanje uticaja kršenja moralnih normi na stanje borbenog morala predstavlja opasan redukcionizam koji može imati dalekosežne negativne implikacije po vojsku i društvo.
ANALYSIS OF PROFIT GROWTH, PROFITABILITY, CAPITAL STRUCTURE, LIQUIDITY AND COMPANY SIZE OF PROFIT QUALITY
Authors: Hakim Mohamad Zulman , Naelufar Yuyun
Published: May 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of earnings growth, profitability, capital structure, liquidity and company size on earnings quality in companies of Basic and Chemical Industries Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The time period of the study is 5 years, namely the 2014-2018 period.The population in this study includes all basic and chemical industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique uses purposive sampling technique. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange website. The analytical method used is panel data regression analysis.The results of the study simultaneously showed that the independent variable affected earnings quality. While partially, company size, profitability, liquidity and company size variables have no effect on earnings quality, but capital structure variables that are proxy by leverage have a positive effect on earnings quality.
PERAN KOPERASI DALAM MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT NELAYAN: PERSPEKTIF MODAL KERJA
Authors: Arifandy Fiqih Putra , Norsain Norsain , Firmansyah Imam Darul
Published: May 2020

Fishers are faced with various kinds of problems. In this case, Koperasi is expected to be something that can easily adjust its role to the needs of the fishing and coastal communities. This study aims to analyze the role of Koperasi in improving the economy of fishing communities in Sumenep Regency. This study uses qualitative data that emphasizes the meaning with qualitative data analysis techniques consisting of reduction, data presentation, conclusion, and verification. The results of this study indicate that the Koperasi has a significant role in improving the welfare of the community, especially members of the Koperasi so that it will ultimately have an impact on improving the economy in Padangdangan Village, Pasongsongan District. The real role of Koperasi in Padangdangan Village, Pasongsongan District is to build community awareness in Koperasi, as a provider of working capital needs through savings and loan activities, as a means of supporting fishing activities in the form of fishing gear and thermo king tools, as a facilitator in establishing partnerships and Koperasi with parties outside, as well as a medium to increase fishermen's income.
Purchasing Inventory Models for Deteriorating Items with Quadratic Demand
Authors: Sivashankari C. K.
Published: May 2020

This paper deals with purchasing inventory replenishment policy for deteriorating items, considering the time-dependent quadratic demand and time-dependent backlogging. Two models were formulated and solved. First, it is for deteriorating items with quadratically time-dependent demand for deteriorating items. Second, quadratically time-dependent demand for deteriorating items and shortages. A mathematical model is developed to the fourth-order equation for each model. The optimal production lot size, which minimizes the total cost, is derived. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to demonstrate the effects of changing parameter values on the optimal solution of the system. Numerical examples are taken to illustrate the procedure of finding the optimal inventory cost, cycle time, and optimal lot size. The numerical experiment in this model was coded in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0.
Probabilistic estimation seismic resistance of spatial steel frame under earthquake
Authors: Mkrtychev Oleg V. , Bulushev Sergey V.
Published: May 2020

Relevance. By its nature, seismic action is represented by the accelerogram a pronounced multidimensional random process, generally containing six components. The calculation in the deterministic formulation does not always allow to adequately assess the reaction of the system. While the calculation in the probabilistic formulation more adequately reflects the work of the system and makes it possible to evaluate its seismic resistance with a given security. The aim of the work is to assess the actual load-carrying capacity safety margin and the taken when designing coefficient K1, taking into account the permissible damage to buildings and structures for the steel spatial frame when calculating on the seismic action. Methods. In the article, the steel spatial frame was calculated for two sets of accelerograms, with dominant frequencies close to the main frequencies of the frame's natural vibrations. Each set was synthesized as a family of unsteady random seismic impact implementations. The calculation was carried out on two-component seismic action in nonlinear dynamic formulation in the software complex LS-DYNA. Previously, the frame was designed in accordance with national standard SP 14.13330.2014 “Construction in seismic areas on the seismic action” of the design earthquake level in the software complex PC LIRA 10.8. According to the developed probabilistic method for each set the actual load-carrying capacity safety margins were obtained and the coefficients K1 were estimated. Results . An analysis of the results shows that the steel frame under consideration has a sufficiently large margin of load-carrying capacity, and the coefficient K1 is taken in norms excessively conservatively. The developed technique allows to correct the value of the accepted coefficient K1 for buildings and structures of certain structural schemes. That in its turn will increase the economic efficiency of construction in seismic areas and ensure the reliability of the designed buildings and structures.
Stress-strain state cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof buildings (structures) with various forms of external support contour
Authors: Kuzhakhmetova Elvira R.
Published: May 2020

Relevance. A new wave-like combined (complex) coating design for large-span buildings - a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof, combining three types of structures: a cylindrical shell of zero Gaussian curvature, plate and cable-stayed (hanging) roofs are presented. This combination of structures and materials for roof large areas was not chosen by chance. The cable works in tension with its entire cross section only, and the cylindrical shell and plate work in two (longitudinal and transverse) planes. In combination with external influence, they create the necessary design strength, taking into account, at the same time, a rational choice of materials (steel and reinforced concrete). New architectural and constructive solutions of a large-span building with a cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof are proposed taking into account the different geometric shapes of the external support contour in a form of a semicircle, semiellipse, etc. The aim of the work is to analyze the influence of the external support contour (semicircle, semiellipse, and other forms) on the spatial work of internal forces in the combined cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof of a large-span building. Methods. Results of static numerical analysis of spatial models of large-span buildings with different types of external supporting contour in the centralized roofs were made in the FEMAP with NX NAS-TRAN software package. This complex belongs to the CAE - class which implements the finite element method (FEM) and allows on the basis of the physical and geometric nonlinearity of the deformation of structures. Results. Calculation study carried out comparative numerical analysis of the stress-strain state of a complex cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roof with different outlines of the support contours on the effect of vertical loads. This determines their rational choice given due consideration to the total cost and useful area of the building. The results of calculating large-span buildings with cylinder-plate-cable-stayed roofs for horizontal (wind) load, on the basis of determination of aerodynamic coefficients, are supposed to be published in the next article.
The reasons for the decline in popularity and prospects for the development of linear television
Authors: Proskurnova Evgeniya L.
Published: May 2020

The author analyses what is happening to modern television news. While the Internet becomes more and more popular, driven by video-sharing sites and special mobile news apps, television viewing declines. The main part of the audience of modern TV-news programs consists now of older people, the new generation of viewers refuses to watch TV, preferring to learn the information about the world from the network. TV-managers are trying to find new ways to offer consumers the actual information, new formats of news, to reach younger audiences, as well as to discover a new philosophy of their own existence in a rapidly changing environment. The purpose of the author of the article - is to map recent changes in traditional television viewing, and to initiate discussion on one of the most controversial issues of the practice of development of modern mass communication channels: how will news broadcasting look in 10 or 20 years and whether anything can replace it. The relevance of this topic is high due to the rapid development of the Internet space as an alternative source to other media channels.
Portrait and landscape in Boris Zaitsev’s publicistic writings: style and ethos
Authors: Abdokova Marina B.
Published: May 2020

The article represents genre-style etymology of Boris Konstantinovich Zaitsev (1881-1972) publicistic legacy (that includes essays, profiles and critical notes). Style-forming expressions of this outstanding representative of 20th century Russian literary abroad are analyzed within the context of his ethical and philosophical principles. Zaitsev’s portrait and landscape sketches are considered for the first time as figurative-poetic and genre-compositional components of the artist's “visual palette”. One of the effective methods of comprehending the style and ethos of the writer is the disclosure of multi-genre subtexts that reflects the creative worldview of B. Zaitsev, in which aesthetics is closely intertwined with metaphysics, and this, in turn, determines the adjacent disciplinary tools for the study of “literary painting”, actualizes parallels with non-verbal art forms (painting, music). The intertextual phenomenology of B. Zaitsev's publicistic texts is not limited to the artful, masterly and technical depiction. The nature of refined subject-figurative “painting”, as follows from the analysis, is based on the spiritual contemplation of the writer and reflects a rare for the art of the 20th century harmony of the artistic and transcendent.
Problematics and genre originality of Y. Polyakov’s novel “Gypsum Trumpeter”
Authors: Ibadova Narmina E. , Golubkov Michail M.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of problems and genre originality of Y. Polyakov's three-part novel “Gypsum trumpeter”. The novel, written in the style of grotesque realism, is multifaceted, it contains many insert stories of historical, detective, and lyrical nature. Such a genre form serves the writer's intention to expose the vicious phenomena of the surrounding reality. The same goal is served by a wide arsenal of skillfully used poetic devices: occasional words and phrases, author's neologisms, detailed hyperbolas and litotes, unexpected comparisons. The novel abounds in aphorisms. The precedent-setting phenomenon is used in the titles of most chapters of the work. The author's attitude to the characters is shown in the “talking” surnames, bright portrait sketches. Subject-household details, epigrams give vivacity to the narrative. The novel is devoted to creative people, and in the text a lot of space is occupied by reflections and disputes about the purpose of art, about what real art should be. Paying tribute to the servants of the Muse, the author tells about inspiration, hard creative work and the torments of creation.
Honghuzi in the literary reception
Authors: Guanqiong Lin , Solntseva Natalia M.
Published: May 2020

Outlaw is one of the archetypes in world literature. Honghuzi is the eastern version of the image of the outlaw. As his counterpart in European literature, he expressed the ambiguity, the ambivalence of human nature. Unlike the characters of F. Schiller, A.S. Pushkin and others, the image of Honghuzi is the least marked by romantic features. In the prose of the Russian emigrant writers of the Harbin diaspora, Honghuzi expresses the Chinese mentality; the specifics of orientalism are projected onto him, and at the same time its image is extremely objective, which primarily characterizes the prose of P.V. Shkurkin - the author of the ethnographic prose about the outlaws of the border zone of the Russian Far East, Manchuria, Korea and Mongolia. The context consists of the works by Shi Naian, Pushkin, Schiller, English folklore, etc. Comparative analysis allows us to identify the individual features of the artistic perception of the Honghuzi's activities by Shkurkin. It is proved that the interpretation of Honghuzi by Shkurkin is close to the image of the robber in Chinese, English, German literature, along with Russian literature of the XIX-XX centuries.
Axiology of Proverbs in the Focus of the Problem of Cognitive-discursive Modeling of Semantics of Russian Proverbs
Authors: Semenenko Natalia N.
Published: May 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of determining the value factor in the semantic structure of proverbs in relation to the problem of cognitive-pragmatic modeling of proverbial semantics. The relevance of the appeal to the value component of paremic semantics is due to the approach to solving the problems of semantics of signs of indirect-derived nomination in the system “Language - text - discourse”, which has already become traditional for anthropocentric linguistics. Paremia is considered as a syncretic sign that combines the properties of a texteme (a language sign) and a statement (a discursive unit). Many features of it’s speech implementation are due to the combination of the properties of a mini-text with a “folded” semantic structure and a discourse unit that contributes to the formation of meaning in it’s space. In the course of determining the essence of the approach to the description of the problem specified linguophilosophical cultural status values, and proposes the author's concept define cognitive-pragmatic status values as linguaitaliana units allocated in the cognitive basis of the values of folk aphorism and implemented in a pragmatic component paramedische values. The description of axiological paremic representation is carried out in line with the cognitive-pragmatic approach to the distinction between axiological and evaluative in the semantic content of proverbs. Grounded in the study of the model description of the axiological accentually pareticheski semantics is illustrated by a thematic group of proverbs and in describing the discursive potential of the proverbs included in the context. The relevance of the study is due to the consideration of paremic semantics as a field of linguosinergic interaction of value and evaluation, expressed in the semantic structure of proverbs.
Transformations of the Language of Diplomatic Correspondence between the Entente Countries and Germany before The First World War
Authors: Medvedev Yevgeniy Yu. , Ntsiwou Batiako Lauzin Duborgel
Published: May 2020

The spheres of official communication, which include public administration, legal proceedings, legislation, etc., are regulated, in contrast to everyday communication. Activities in each of these spheres are subject to precisely defined, strictly established rules that regulate and legitimize it. The diplomatic language is characterized by a special degree of regulation. “The weight of a word” in international politics is extremely heavy, since the fate of entire states and peoples may depend on successful or unsuccessful communication between diplomats. The strict standardization of the diplomatic language should serve as a kind of deterrent against the growth of tension in international relations. The goal of this study is to identify the degree of susceptibility of the diplomatic correspondence language to transformations in the political crisis context (during wartime). The research material is based on the texts from the Orange book, a collection of diplomatic correspondence between warring countries before the outbreak of the First World War. The application of the contextual analysis method made it possible to determine the vector of changes in the diplomatic correspondence language caused by the political crisis: from restraint, emotionlessness, tact and politeness accepted in the diplomatic sphere to ultimatumness, categoricalness, manifestation of emotions and deviation from the principle of objective reflection of events.
Review of the Manual:E.A. Krutko, A.S. Komkova Changing World of Global Business = World Economy Activity: Basics. English for Master’s Program Students
Authors: Ishchenko Victoriya G.
Published: May 2020

-
Practical Recommendations of Scientific Society for the Study of Human Microbiome and Russian Gastroenterological Association (RGA) for Probiotics in Treatment and Prevention of Gastroenterological Diseases in Adults
Authors: Ivashkin V. T. , Mayev I. V. , Abdulganieva D. I. , Alekseenko S. A. , Ivashkina N. Yu. , Korochanskaya N. V. , Mammaev S. N. , Poluektova E. A. , Trukhmanov A. S. , Uspensky Yu. P. , Tsukanov V. V. , Shifrin O. S. , Zolnikova O. Yu. , Ivashkin K. V. , Lapina T. L. , Maslennikov R. V. , Ulyanin A. I.
Published: May 2020

Aim. To provide practical recommendations on the use of probiotics for the treatment and prevention of gastroenterological diseases in adults.

General provisions. Probiotics are living microorganisms that benefit the health of the host when administered in adequate amounts. The main functions of probiotics include the support for colonisation resistance, the metabolism of food substrates and utilisation of end metabolites, the production of substrates necessary for the macro-organism, as well as the regulation of local and adaptive immune responses. Probiotics can be registered in the Russian Federation as biologically active food additives (BAFA) or as pharmaceutical products (drugs) in accordance with the microbiological standards and legislative requirements of the Russian Federation. The probiotics registered in the Russian Federation as BAFA for adults include bacteria of the Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Escherichia genera, and fungi of the Saccharomyces genus; probiotics registered as drugs — bacteria of Lactobid, Lactobacid, Escherichia and Enterococcus genera and fungi of the Saccharomyces genus. Some probiotics registered in the Russian Federation include probiotic strains that have proved to be effective for the prevention and treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea, the prevention of C. difficile-associated disease, the eradication of H. pylori infection, as well as for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome and functional constipation.

Conclusions. The clinical efficacy of probiotics depends on the probiotic strains included in their composition and is confirmed by a comparative analysis of the results of appropriate clinical studies. Not all probiotics registered in the Russian Federation as BAFA or drugs contain bacterial or fungal strains; as a result, the expected clinical effect may not be achieved.
Caracterización de las prácticas contables de costos y presupuestos en las unidades productivas de la comuna 8 de Villavicencio
Authors: Velasquez Carrillo Julieth Lorena
Published: May 2020

Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación sobre la caracterización de las prácticas contables de costos y presupuestos de las unidades productivas de la comuna 8 de Villavicencio en el barrio de Ciudad Porfía. El estudio se efectuó por medio de técnicas como la observación, entrevistas y encuestas que permitieron caracterizar y evaluar la gestión del costo en setenta y tres (73) empresas y mostrar las principales características del proceso de gestión del costo, proceso de planeación, presupuesto de gastos, control y toma de decisiones. La ausencia de sistemas de costos, estructuración de un presupuesto de gastos, análisis de información contable para la toma de decisiones, que conllevan al cierre de los establecimientos, resultaron ser las variables más comunes en este tipo de negocios, así como la informalidad de sus actividades comerciales y de la contratación de sus trabajadores.
Amoxicillin-clavulanate prescribed in a patient with known penicillin allergy
Authors: Andjelic Sladjana , Savic Slobodan , Kozic Dusko
Published: May 2020

Introduction. Prescription of penicillin requires extra caution in order to avoid its administration in a person allergic to this antibiotic. We present a case of a patient allergic to penicillin, to whom a doctor prescribed this medicine by mistake. Case outline. An 18-year-old female patient turned to an otolaryngologist because of a sore throat, difficulty in breathing, and light clogging in the left ear during several previous days. The patient tolerated oral intake of only liquid foods. She reported frequent attacks of tonsillopharyngitis, and an allergy to penicillin. Tonsillopharyngitis was established by a physical examination. The doctor prescribed oral therapy, including a penicillin-based antibiotic AugmentinR (amoxicillin + clavulanate potassium) 1000 mg 2 ? 1 tablet for seven days. The pharmacist in the local pharmacy knew the patient and was aware of the fact that the girl was allergic to penicillin, so the patient did not take the prescribed penicillin-based remedy. In this way, an extremely serious professional medical error did not obtain essential features of a criminal act according to the Serbian Criminal Code. Conclusion. When prescribing antibiotics, it is necessary for the physician to be extremely careful not to prescribe a medicine for which there is a cave warning in medical documentation, as this error can become grounds for legal prosecution against the doctor, as well as for professional sanctioning.
An Overview on The Pandemic Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Outbreak
Authors: Abdulla Hama Salih Mariwan
Published: May 2020

The current review covered most of the researches have been done since the new coronavirus found in Wuhan city of China at the end of December 2019 up to date by considering the most beneficial ones for our society. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 or SARS-CoV-2 is a virus that potentially acts on the human respiratory system. It is first found in animal then transmitted into human. The virus can be transmitted between human to human via close contact or from the tiny droplet while coughing or sneezing. WHO characterized the situation by pandemic global concern because the virus spread over 200 territories and more than millions peoples were infected and over two hundred thousand people deceased as a result of COVID-19. At the moment nothing can stop the virus from spreading, neither vaccine nor medicines were found to stop the virus and secure life of people of the planet.  The aim of the present review was to show the main feature of the SARS-CoV-2 and to find the common statements between the previously published studies on the output of their works. The other objective of this review was to encourage publics to treat the virus in safe way based on the discovery by researchers toward secure life of million peoples that could be infected by the 2019 new coronavirus. This review were summarized several researches about the SARS-CoV-2 since its appearance to present time May 2020. Several reports from WHO, CDC and FDA were included about spreading or the way of transmission, causes, prevention, diagnosis and risk factors of the COVID-19. The current review find the common statements about different aspects of the 2019 new coronavirus that could be help the new research to benefit from these statement for further investigations. This review showed that urgent steps for the current time to secure life of millions peoples is to quarantines people at home and governmental authorities have to take the responsibilities of this steps and to encourage people to stay at home and teach them the self-prevention is a better treatment for all humanities.
Intelectuales y kirchnerismo: el debate por la hegemonía cultural
Authors: Montali Guido
Published: May 2020

En este artículo recuperamos algunas de las reflexiones que parte del campo intelectual argentino produjo en torno al kirchnerismo como proyecto político. Presentamos principalmente autores que apoyaron explícita o moderadamente al gobierno y que se preguntaron por la naturaleza de su construcción hegemónica en términos culturales. Esas reflexiones tuvieron como uno de sus ejes vertebradores las alusiones a la composición identitaria del kirchnerismo, siendo las tradiciones, los imaginarios y los lenguajes sus principales herramientas de análisis.
Redes y conocimientos acerca del uso terapéutico de cannabis en Argentina
Authors: Díaz María Cecilia
Published: May 2020

El presente artículo traza la conformación de redes de relaciones que dieron forma a la causa del acceso al cannabis para uso terapéutico entre los años 2015 y 2017 en Argentina. Esto se realiza a través del «acompañamiento etnográfico» (Lugones y Díaz, 2018) de presentaciones públicas de agrupaciones, seminarios y jornadas de divulgación científica, como también de narrativas y reflexiones de activistas sobre sus historias y experiencias. La articulación entre madres de usuarios terapéuticos, cultivadores de cannabis (cannabicultores), y profesionales de las ciencias de la salud y biomédicas es considerada aquí como una (re)creación de modos de organización y cooperación social desarrollados previamente, aunque con modulaciones particulares que permitieron ampliar los alcances de la demanda y generar adhesión. De este modo, la descripción detallada de las redes permite comprender transformaciones en los procesos de regulación del cannabis, a la vez que trazar mutaciones en los conocimientos de y sobre la planta y sus derivados.