bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloak-Reduce Load Balancing Strategy for Mapreduce
Authors: Diarra Mamadou , Tiendrebeogo Telesphore
Published: September 2021

The advent of Big Data has seen the emergence of new processing and storage challenges. These challenges are often solved by distributed processing. Distributed systems are inherently dynamic and unstable, so it is realistic to expect that some resources will fail during use. Load balancing and task scheduling is an important step in determining the performance of parallel applications. Hence the need to design load balancing algorithms adapted to grid computing. In this paper, we propose a dynamic and hierarchical load balancing strategy at two levels: Intrascheduler load balancing, in order to avoid the use of the large-scale communication network, and interscheduler load balancing, for a load regulation of our whole system. The strategy allows improving the average response time of CLOAK-Reduce application tasks with minimal communication. We first focus on the three performance indicators, namely response time, process latency and running time of MapReduce tasks.
Differences in child physical activity levels at rural Play Streets due to activity type and sex
Authors: Prochnow Tyler , Umstattd Meyer M. Renee , Bridges Hamilton Christina N. , Pollack Porter Keshia M.
Published: September 2021

Children are significantly less active during summer months and rural children may face unique barriers to engaging in physical activity (PA). Play Streets is a low-cost way communities can provide safe play opportunities by activating public spaces. Four low-income rural communities received mini-grants to implement four three-hour Play Streets throughout summer 2017 for a total of 16 Play Streets. System for Observing Play and Recreation in Communities (SOPARC) and iSOPARC® were used to assess PA. Chi-squared tests of homogeneity determined significant differences in the proportion of children observed as active based on sex and target area type. Binomial logistic regression was used to determine if target area characteristics (i.e., type, equipped, supervised, organized) and presence of other active children or adults increased the odds of observing a child as active. In total, 1,750 children were observed across all 16 Play Streets; roughly half of all children (48.6% of males, 48.7% of females) were observed as active. There was no significant difference in proportion of children observed as active based on sex of the child (OR=0.99, 95% CI:0.82-1.20). Significant differences in the proportion of active children were found between target area categories. Males were significantly more likely to be observed as active in areas which were equipped or organized. All children were significantly more likely to be active if there was another active child present in the same area. These results add to the growing literature surrounding successful implementation of Play Streets in rural settings, social influence, and active play.
Parental preference for park attributes related to children’s use of parks in low-income, racial/ethnic diverse neighborhoods
Authors: Ogletree S Scott , Huang Jing Huei , Alberico Claudia , Marquet Oriol , Floyd Myron F , Hipp J Aaron
Published: September 2021

Public parks offer free and easy to access spaces for outdoor recreation, which is essential for children’s outdoor play and physical activity in low-income communities.  Because parks and playgrounds contribute to children’s physical, social, and emotional development, it is critical to understand what makes them attractive and welcoming for families with young children. Parents can be a key determinant to children visiting parks, with their preferences influencing whether or not families visit parks in their neighborhoods. Past studies have posited there are significant differences across racial/ethnic populations in preferred park characteristics, but few have investigated specific park attributes parents from different racial and ethnic groups desire for their children. This study examined attributes associated with parental preferences for parks in low-income diverse communities in New York City, New York and Raleigh-Durham, North Carolina, USA.

Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified: physical attributes, experiences, social environment, and amenities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Although there is no one-size-fits-all approach to encourage park use, our finding suggests facilities and park safety are modifiable ways local government agencies could design and maintain parks that would be preferred by parents for their children. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks.

Parents’ responses were grouped into 10 categories using content analysis, with four key preference themes identified. A significant difference across race/ethnic groups was found in New York but not in Raleigh-Durham. Examining Latino parents in both cities we found no significant difference between cities. Physical attributes (i.e., playgrounds, sports fields, green spaces) were most desired among all groups. In New York, Latino parents had a strong preference for Experience attributes (i.e. safety, safe facilities, cleanliness) which differed from other groups. Future research should examine how neighborhood context may influence parent preferences related to parks and children’s physical activity.
Healthy Eating and Active Living in a Post-Pandemic World
Authors: Maddock Jay , Seguin-Fowler Rececca
Published: September 2021

N/A
Deep Learning-Based Approach for Diagnosis of COVID-19 Patients from CT Lung Images
Authors:   Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Published: September 2021

COVID-19 is currently one of the most life-threatening problems around the world. The fast and accurate detection of the COVID-19 infection plays an important role in identifying, making better decisions as well as ensuring treatment for the patients. In this study, we propose an approach to identify COVID-19 patients via deep learning methods. The proposed approach includes two steps: segmentation of lung and classification of patients via analyzing the segmented images. Especially, in the first step, the attention gate is integrated into Unet neural network structure, which can help increase the accuracy of the segmentation tasks. In the second step, the EfficientNet-B4 is applied to classify COVID-19 patients. By using EfficientNet, the performance of the classification process as well as the size of the model are improved. We apply the proposed approach for the database including 130 patients. Experimental results show the desired performances of the proposed approach.
RUSSIAN, PAN-EUROPEAN AND NORTH AMERICAN APPROACHES TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF FOREST TYPES
Authors: ФОМИН В.В. , МИХАЙЛОВИЧ А.П. , ЗАЛЕСОВ С.В.
Published: September 2021

Проведен анализ подходов к классификации типов леса в России, Европейском союзе и странах Се- верной Америки по следующим позициям: содержание понятия основных классификационных единиц лесных типологий: тип условий местопроизрастания и тип леса; особенности выделения их границ; при- знаки (характеристики), используемые для определения типа условий местопроизрастания; характеристи- ки фитоценозов, используемых для определения типа леса; возможности учета сукцессионной динамики лесных насаждений и влияния антропогенных факторов; уровень внедрения в производство и регионы, в которых они используются. В рамках российского подхода представление о типе леса трансформиро- валось от его понимания с точки зрения его однородности в пространстве (сходство участков по внеш- нему облику и набору характеристик) до однородности во времени (при классифицировании приоритет отдан генезису лесных насаждений и процессам развития). Приведены результаты анализа особенностей европейских классификаций местообитаний (EUNIS), растительности (EVS) и типов леса (EFT), а также краткая характеристика основных североамериканских лесных типологий: классификация типов место- обитаний, биоклиматическая классификация экосистем, описание экологических участков.

The analysis of approaches to the classiﬁ cation of forest types in Russia, the European Union and the countries of North America is carried out according to the following positions: the content of the concept of the main classiﬁ cation units of forest typologies: the type of growing conditions and the type of forest; features of their boundaries revealing; characteristics used to determine the type of growing conditions; characteristics of phytocoenoses used to determine the type of forest; the possibility of taking into account the successional dynamics of forest stands and the inﬂ uence of anthropogenic factors; the level of introduction into the industry and the regions in which they are used. Within the framework of the Russian approach, the idea of the type of forest was transformed from uniformity in space (similarity of forest sites, stands and understorey vegatation) to uniformity in time (priority is given in genesis and development processes). The results of the analysis of the features of the habitat classiﬁ cations (EUNIS), vegetation (EVS) and forest types (EFT) on the Pan-European level are presented, as well as a brief description of the main North American forest typologies: Habitat Type Classiﬁ cations, Biogeoclimatic Ecosystem Classiﬁ cation, Ecological Site Description.
JUSTIFICATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF THE BELT DEVELOPED BY THE MANIPULATOR LOGGING MACHINE FOR SELECTIVE LOGGING, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT AVAILABILITY
Authors: ДЕРЮГИН Н.А. , ГЕРЦ Э.Ф.
Published: September 2021

Рассмотрена возможность реализации проходных рубок в сосняка 40, 60 и 80 лет валочно-пакетирующей машиной (ВПМ) с грузонесущим манипулятором типа ЛП-19. Рассмотрена возможность изреживания нормальных древостоев ВПМ на 20 %. Обеспечение доступности деревьев, назначенных в рубку, и возможность их беспрепятственного выноса к месту укладки достигаются за счет сокращения расстояния между рабочими стоянками и сокращения ширины разрабатываемой ленты. При сокращении расстояния между стоянками увеличивается кратность обработки отдельных участков полулент, а сокращение ширины разрабатываемой ленты за счет наиболее удаленных ее зон с наименьшей кратностью обработки увеличивает общую кратность обработки полулент и, соответственно, доступность деревьев, отведенных в рубку. Приведены значения расстояний между рабочими позициями и ширины лент, обеспечивающие достаточную доступность деревьев, назначенных в рубку, по всей площади разрабатываемой ленты для рассматриваемых древостоев.

The article discusses the possibility of implementation of cross-cutting felling in a pine forest of 40, 60 and 80 years old feller-buncher (VPM) with a load-carrying manipulator of the LP-19 type. The possibility of thinning normal IPM stands by 20 % is considered. Ensuring the accessibility of trees assigned to the felling and the possibility of their unimpeded removal to the place of laying is achieved by reducing the distance between working stations and reducing the width of the belt being developed. With a reduction in the distance between sites, the frequency of processing of individual sections of semi-belts increases, and a reduction in the width of the belt being developed due to its most remote zones with the lowest frequency of processing increases the total frequency of processing of half-belts and, accordingly, the availability of trees allocated to the felling. The values of the distances between the working positions and the width of the bands are given, which ensure suffi cient accessibility of the trees assigned to the felling over the entire area of the belt being developed for the stands under consideration.
TERRITORY OF THE URAL FEDERAL DISTRICT AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF IMPROVING THEIR PROTECTION FROM FIRES
Authors: КУПЛЕВАЦКИЙ С.В. , ЗАХАРОВА И.С. , ШАБАЛИНА Н.Н.
Published: September 2021

На основании анализа данных о фактической горимости лесов в пределах субъектов Российской Федерации, входящих в Уральский федеральный округ (УрФО), за период с 2001 по 2021 гг. предпринята попытка установления причин в различии количества лесных пожаров и пройденной ими площади по годам. Установленные различия в сроках начала и окончания пожароопасного сезона позволяют повысить эффективность охраны лесов от пожаров за счет оперативной переброски сил и средств пожаротушения. Установлены причины в различии средней площади лесных пожаров по субъектам Российской Федерации, входящих в УрФО. Данные о причинах возникновения лесных пожаров позволяют повысить эффективность лесопожарной пропаганды и тем самым снизить количество лесных пожаров по вине населения.
На основании анализа количества лесных пожаров и пройденной ими площади даны рекомендации по совершенствованию охраны лесов от пожаров. Отмечается, что совершенствование нормативно-правовых документов по охране лесов от пожаров снизит показатели фактической горимости лесов и минимизирует риски для населения.

Based on the analysis of data on the actual ﬁ re rate of forests with in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation included in the Ural Federal District for the period from 2011 to 2021. An attempt was made to establish the reasons for the difference in the number of forest ﬁ res and the area covered by them by years. Differences in the timing of the beginning and end of the ﬁ re hazardous season have been established, which mane et possible to increase the efﬁ ciency of forest protection from ﬁ res due to the operational transfer of ﬁ re extinguishing forces and ﬁ reﬁ ghting means. The reasons for the difference in the average area of the forest ﬁ res in the constituent entities of Russian Federation included in the Ural Federal District has been established. Data on the causes of forest ﬁ res can increase the effectiveness of the forest ﬁ re propaganda and thereby reduce the number of forest ﬁ res caused by the population. Based on the analysis of the number of the forest ﬁ res and the areas covered by them, recommendations are given for improving the protection of forests from ﬁ res. In is noted that the improvement of regulatory documents on the protection of forests from ﬁ res will reduce the optical ﬁ re rate of forests indicators a minimize risks to the population.
Characteristic performance of smart substation
Authors:   , Madonsela Bhekinkosi Pheneas
Published: September 2021

Automated substations and distribution networks are key element of smart grid, however not all substations and distribution networks are automated to date due to the numerous reasons such as cost related to automation and scarcity of skilful workforce. With the drive to integrate renewable energy to the national smart grid, the advanced and innovative integrating methodologies need to be investigated. Automating the power system is the effort to improve power supply security, availability and reliability. Reliability is very important in substation automation systems and is achieved through real-time monitoring of the substation data. The interconnection of substation through substation automation devices is crucial because it provide the backup link to the network in case one substation fails. The utilities has developed a remarkable interest in substation automation due to the benefit its offers such as; reduction in maintenance and, operating cost and improved revenues due to stable power system networks. Substation automation is made up of four main functions that need to be fused together; protection, control, monitoring and, local and remote communications. There are numerous communication protocols available in the market for substation automation applications. However not all of them are utilized in the current application of smart grid.DNP3 and IEC61850 are the leading communication protocols currently. DNP3 has proved its technical advantages over the past few years in substation automation applications. On other hand IEC61850 was only published in 2003 and became more popular in substation around 2006; the standard is only fifteen years old. IEC61850 define the protocols such as; GOOSE, SMV, GSSE, GSE and MMS using its communication profiles. This research will investigate the possibilities of integrating DNP3 data point into IEC61850 data model. With this approach; the legacy substation shown in figure 1.1 will inherit the advantages of IEC61850 such as high speed data exchange, interoperability and interchangeability
The reconstitution of African women's spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane (Voices of Women) project in KwaZulu-Natal (1998-2005)
Authors:   , Stott Bernice
Published: September 2021

This study will investigate and critically evaluate the reconstitution of African women’s spiritualities in the context of the Amazwi Abesifazane project. This project forms part of the endeavours of Create Africa South, a Non Governmental Organisation situated in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, which was initiated by the artist Andries Botha. It encourages women, post trauma, to ‘re-member’ themselves by creating memory cloths of embroidery and appliqué reflecting on their experiences in pre- and post-apartheid South Africa. This interdisciplinary study theorises that it is an archive that speaks about African women resisting destructive forces and reconstituting their spiritualities through the therapeutic effects of creativity. The study will not include research into the many other activities undertaken by Create Africa South. Rupture is implied in the use of the word ‘reconstitution’. Reconstitution encompasses the act of constituting again the character of the body, mind and spirit as regards health, strength and well-being of the women (McIntosh, 1970:261). In this study, spirituality is defined as the way in which the women in the Amazwi Abesifazane project reflect upon and live out their belief in God. The power of storytelling is examined from the perspectives of narratology, narrative therapy, sewing and orality/literary studies as resources for the women’s reclamation of their lives. Defining feminisms in South Africa is problematised by issues of race, class and culture. In a context of poverty, everyday survivalist strategies are the diverse forms of resistance seen in the Amazwi Abesifazane project. The women’s stories, cloths and interviews are triangulated as primary data. They are examples of the rich art of resistance against despair and are located in a paradigm of hope. In conclusion, I strongly call for government support in declaring the project a national archive. The multidimensional mediums of the Amazwi Abesifazane/ UbuMama projects nurture the women’s creativity and revitalise their spiritualities towards personal and national transformation.
Comparison of Blood Culture Parameters between 2 and 10 mL Aerobic Bottles from Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Kim Seong Chun , Kim Sunjoo
Published: September 2021

Background: Blood volume is the most important parameter for an optimal blood culture; however, the effect of blood volume on blood culture is not clearly understood from patients with sepsis. Methods: Blood cultures were obtained from 1,049 patients (≥ 15 years old) who visited the emergency department (ED). Two sets of 20 mL each was collected from each patient, 12 mL of which was transferred to 2 and 10 mL FA Plus (aerobic) bottles (bioMérieux, USA) and the remaining into an FN Plus (anaerobic) bottle. Medical records were reviewed to confirm the diagnosis and clinical significance of the blood culture isolates. The positive rate and time-todetection (TTD) were compared between the 2 and 10 mL groups. Results: Among the 2,098 sets collected, 612 sets (29.2%) were excluded due to inadequate (either too much or too little) blood volume. The positive rate of clinically significant pathogens was lower in the 2 mL group (6.1%) than in the 10 mL group (7.5%) (P = 0.003) among the 1,486 sets. However, there was no significant difference in the positive rate (11.0% vs. 12.5%, P = 0.152) and TTD (15.7 hours vs. 14.2 hours, P = 0.299) among the 585 (39.4%) patients with sepsis. Conclusion: The positive rate and TTD were similar between the 2 and 10 mL groups from patients with sepsis who visited the ED, suggesting a high concentration of bacteremia in this group. Therefore, a smaller blood volume should be carefully considered in patients with sepsis in the ED.
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation against Gut Colonization Using a Multidrug-Resistant Organism
Authors: Lee Seul Ki , Choi Ji Eun , Shin Chae Min , Kim Mi-Na
Published: September 2021

Background: Fecal microbiota transplantation against gut colonization using a multidrugresistant organism is a technique used to treat infections through normalizing the gut microbiota via fecal microbiota transplantation in patients with confirmed colonization by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) or vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) based on a fecal culture test within the past one week. In this study, we aimed to determine the safety and effectiveness of this technique. Methods: The safety and effectiveness were assessed via a systematic review. A literature search was conducted using five Korean databases, such as KoreaMed, and international databases, including Ovid-MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, and Cochrane Library. Results: Main results are described here. From the studies retrieved using the aforementioned search strategy, the remaining 581 studies were screened using the inclusion and exclusion criteria, resulting in the selection of nine studies for further consideration. In terms of safety, many studies reported deaths and adverse reactions associated with different causes. Fewer studies reported the rate of colonization; however, the effect of colony rate was inconsistent when compared to no treatment group. Additionally, none of the studies assessed the recurrence rate, a decrease in the prevalence of diseases related to infection by multidrugresistant bacteria, and the quality of life. Conclusion: Fecal bacterial colonization for the decolonization of intestinal multidrugresistant bacteria was evaluated using a technique that requires further research as there is insufficient literature evidence to validate its safety and efficacy in treating infections through normalizing the intestinal flora of patients with confirmed colonization by CRE or VRE.
LANDASAN HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP PRAKTIK MUZARA’AH DAN KENDALANYA PADA MASYARAKAT DI DESA TUMBUH MULIA KECAMATAN SURALAGA KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Rabiatul adawiyah
Published: September 2021

Tujuan dalam penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana Landasan Hukum Islam Terhadap Praktik Muzara’ah Dan Kendalanya Pada Masyarakat Di Desa Tumbuh Mulia. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian lapangan (field research) yang bersifat studi kasus (case study), dengan lokasi di Dasan Tumbu, Desa Tumbuh Mulia Kecamatan Suralaga kabupaten Lombok Timur. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik muzara’ah telah banyak dilaksanakan pada Masyarakat Desa Tumbuh Mulia, baik dari kalangan pengusaha, pegawai, pedagang, bahkan para pemilik sawah yang luas memberikan kesempatan kepada orang lain untuk memamfaatkan tanahnya. Pelaksanaan muzara’ah yang berkembang dimasyarakat sudah sesuai dengan aturan dan tujuan yang ingin dicapai besama. Akan tetapi tidak sedikit dari praktik muzara’ah tersebut hanya memperhatikan aturan tetapi tidak melihat tujuan bersama. Bahkan kepentingan pribadi masing-masing yang didahulukan dari kepentingan bersama.
Numerical optimisation of CO2 flooding using a hierarchy of reservoir models
Authors: Afanasyev Andrey , Andreeva Anna , Chernova Anna
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We present a method for accelerated optimisation of CO2 injection into petroleum reservoirs. The optimisation assumes maximisation of the net present value by coupling reservoir models with the calculation of cash flows. The proposed method is based on the construction of a hierarchy of compositional reservoir models of increasing complexity. We show that in dimensionless volumes, the optimal water and gas slugs are very close for the 1-D and 2-D areal reservoir models of the water-alternating-gas (WAG) process. Therefore, the solution to the 1-D optimisation problem gives a good approximation of the solution to the 2-D problem. The proposed method is designed by using this observation. It employs a larger number of less computationally expensive 1-D compositional simulations to obtain a good initial guess for the injection volumes in much more expensive 2-D simulations. We suggest using the non-gradient optimisation algorithms for the coarse models on low levels of the hierarchy to guarantee convergence to the global maximum of the net present value. Then, we switch to the gradient methods only on the upper levels. We give examples of the algorithm application for optimisation of different WAG strategies and discuss its performance. We propose that 1-D compositional simulations can be efficient for optimising areal CO2 flooding patterns.
Characterizing the performance of a POPS miniaturized optical particle counter when operated on a quadcopter drone
Authors: Liu Zixia , Osborne Martin , Anderson Karen , Shutler Jamie D. , Wilson Andy , Langridge Justin , Yim Steve H. L. , Coe Hugh , Babu Suresh , Satheesh Sreedharan K. , Zuidema Paquita , Huang Tao , Cheng Jack C. H. , Haywood James
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We first validate the performance of the Portable Optical Particle
Spectrometer (POPS), a small light-weight and high sensitivity optical
particle counter, against a reference scanning mobility particle sizer
(SMPS) for a month-long deployment in an environment dominated by biomass
burning aerosols. Subsequently, we examine any biases introduced by
operating the POPS on a quadcopter drone, a DJI Matrice 200 V2. We report
the root mean square difference (RMSD) and mean absolute difference (MAD) in
particle number concentrations (PNCs) when mounted on the UAV and operating
on the ground and when hovering at 10 m. When wind speeds are low (less than 2.6 m s−1), we find only modest differences in the RMSDs and MADs of 5 % and
3 % when operating at 10 m altitude. When wind speeds are between 2.6 and 7.7 m s−1 the RMSDs and MADs increase to 26.2 % and 19.1 %, respectively,
when operating at 10 m altitude. No statistical difference in PNCs was
detected when operating on the UAV in either ascent or descent. We also find
size distributions of aerosols in the accumulation mode (defined by
diameter, d, where 0.1 ≤ d ≤ 1 µm) are relatively consistent
between measurements at the surface and measurements at 10 m altitude, while
differences in the coarse mode (here defined by d >  1 µm)
are universally larger. Our results suggest that the impact of the UAV
rotors on the POPS PNCs are small at low wind speeds, but when operating
under a higher wind speed of up to 7.6 m s−1, larger discrepancies occur. In
addition, it appears that the POPS measures sub-micron aerosol particles
more accurately than super-micron aerosol particles when airborne on the
UAV. These measurements lay the foundations for determining the magnitude of
potential errors that might be introduced into measured aerosol particle
size distributions and concentrations owing to the turbulence created by the
rotors on the UAV.
Last Interglacial sea-level proxies in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Cerrone Ciro , Vacchi Matteo , Fontana Alessandro , Rovere Alessio
Published: September 2021

Abstract. We describe a database of Last Interglacial (Marine Isotopic Stage 5) sea-level proxies for the western Mediterranean region. The database was compiled reviewing the information reported in 199
published studies and contains 396 sea-level data points (sea-level index points and marine- or terrestrial-limiting points) and 401 associated dated samples. The database follows the standardized WALIS template and is
available as Cerrone et al. (2021b, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5341661).
LamaH-CE: LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe
Authors: Klingler Christoph , Schulz Karsten , Herrnegger Mathew
Published: September 2021

Abstract. Very large and comprehensive datasets are increasingly used in the field of
hydrology. Large-sample studies provide insights into the hydrological cycle
that might not be available with small-scale studies. LamaH-CE
(LArge-SaMple DAta for Hydrology and Environmental Sciences for Central Europe, LamaH for short; the geographical extension “-CE” is omitted in the text and the dataset) is a new
dataset for large-sample studies and comparative hydrology in Central
Europe. It covers the entire upper Danube to the state border of
Austria–Slovakia, as well as all other Austrian catchments including their
foreign upstream areas. LamaH covers an area of about 170 000 km2 in
nine countries, ranging from lowland regions characterized by a continental
climate to high alpine zones dominated by snow and ice. Consequently, a wide
diversity of properties is present in the individual catchments. We represent
this variability in 859 gauged catchments with over 60 catchment attributes,
covering topography, climatology, hydrology, land cover, vegetation, soil and
geological properties. LamaH further contains a collection of runoff time
series as well as meteorological time series. These time series are provided
with a daily and hourly resolution. All meteorological and the majority of
runoff time series cover a span of over 35 years, which enables long-term
analyses with a high temporal resolution. The runoff time series are
classified by over 20 attributes including information about human impacts and
indicators for data quality and completeness. The structure of LamaH is based
on the well-known CAMELS (Catchment Attributes and MEteorology for Large-sample Studies) datasets. In contrast, however, LamaH does not only
consider independent basins, covering the full upstream area. Intermediate
catchments are covered as well, which allows together with novel attributes the
considering of the hydrological network and river topology in applications. We
not only describe the basic datasets used and methodology of data preparation
but also focus on possible limitations and uncertainties. LamaH contains
additionally results of a conceptual hydrological baseline model for checking
plausibility of the inputs as well as benchmarking. Potential applications of
LamaH are outlined as well, since it is intended to serve as a uniform data
basis for further research. LamaH is available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4525244
(Klingler et al., 2021).
Evaluation of the Most Common Dental Procedural Errors Leading to Lawsuits and the Relevant Reasons in Three Dental Clinics in Tehran
Authors: Yazdanian Mohsen , Rafiei Esmail , Rahmani Aghil , Tahmasebi Elahe , Hajiesfandiari Abbas
Published: September 2021

One of the most important occupational stresses that dentists encounter in their profession is patients’ lawsuits. The present study aimed to evaluate common procedural errors that lead to lawsuits in dentistry. In the present cross-sectional study, all the patient files of three large dental clinics in Tehran were evaluated from 2014 to 2019, in which a dentist’s negligence had been confirmed by the specialty dental committee. Files with incomplete clinical data, without the dentist’s name, and the type of the lawsuit were excludeda and Finally, 107 lawsuit files were confirmed and entered the study.  After extraction of the data from the existing files and completing the relevant checklist, data were analyzed with SPSS 23. Most lawsuits were of the therapeutic type (88 cases, 82%), with 34 cases (31.9%) , 26 cases (24.2%)  and 19 cases (17.6%) related to prosthodontics, endodontics, and surgery, respectively. Most plaintiffs were 30–49 years of age (56 cases ,52%), and most were women (70 cases, 65%). Over half of the lawsuits had been filed against dentists with a job experience of <10 years and against general dental practitioners (81 cases, 76%). One of the most important ways to prevent errors leading to lawsuits is to increase dentists’ knowledge about previous lawsuits. Knowledge about the most common lawsuits and the provision of organizational guidelines will help manage and decrease such lawsuits.
Staging the other: Orientalism in contemporary media practice
Authors: Jerrentrup Maja Tabea
Published: September 2021

The so-called “oriental” has always been a subject for “western” fascination. Today, the staging of the “orient” in (hobby) model photography is among the most popular themes: costumes and props from various cultural contexts are combined to form a new whole. Based on participant observation and interviews, the article traces back possible individual motivations for embodying the “oriental,” among them nostalgia, corresponding with the description of the orient as “timeless,” the need for spirituality, the wish to express femininity, and to work on identity with regard to identity trials and the definition of the own identity through the help of its imagined opposite. Considering society as a whole and its zeitgeist, the phenomenon is interpreted using the concepts of escapism and kitsch, which can be observed in mainstream culture as well. Furthermore, cultural appropriation is discussed as a way to prevent getting to know other cultures, but at the same time, the “oriental” photoshoot is also seen as a chance to generate interest and to practice creativity. The article shows that the analysis of staged photographs offers a base for understanding the cultural context in which they have been taken and/or circulate, and that the photo motifs can be seen as expressions of psychological motivations.
La investigación sobre montaje cinematográfico en Web of Science en communication, film, radio & television, psychology y neurosciences & neurology
Authors: Fernández Ramírez Laura , Díaz Campo Jesús
Published: September 2021

Este artículo presenta un análisis descriptivo de los artículos científicos presentes en Web of Science que atienden al montaje cinematográfico entre 1976 y 2019 (n 148). El análisis bibliométrico atiende al autor, sexo, universidad de afiliación, idioma, revista, nacionalidad de la revista, año de creación de la revista, tipología del trabajo, palabras clave, año de publicación, número de citas recibidas y categoría de WoS en la que se recogen las publicaciones. Además, se realiza un análisis cuantitativo de los resúmenes y textos de las publicaciones disponibles en línea, cuya finalidad es detectar los temas, muestras y metodologías frecuentemente empleados. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que desde 2015 se ha producido un leve aumento del interés en el montaje. Aún así, su atención es escasa. Pese a que hay un mayor número de revistas que atienden al tema, cada una publica únicamente un artículo al año sobre montaje. Las revistas con más artículos sobre montaje son británicas y estadounidenses, pero también destaca la española Atalante. La mayor parte de publicaciones se realizan en revistas que abordan el montaje desde una perspectiva cognitiva o neuropsicológica, que son las que aglutinan los artículos más citados. Las investigaciones sobre montaje suelen presentar análisis del montaje de la filmografía de algún autor o de técnicas o largometrajes específicos. Siguen mayoritariamente una metodología cualitativa, centrada en recursos o autores vinculados al montaje constructivo principalmente, o presentan experimentos neuropsicológicos.
Landscape as a Model of Architecture: A Contemporary Imitation
Authors: Quesada García Santiago
Published: September 2021

The act of designing architecture is based on the use of various models chosen as referents. Such models may come from architecture itself or from the arts like sculpture, painting, music, literature, and so forth. They usually provide the components for architectural design. This stance leads to the notion of architectural design as the construction of a new order derived from elements, examples, or prototypes verified in time by virtue of experience. Thus, the praxis of the design process is mainly referred to as a conscious imitation of models. The thesis of this work is that landscape constitutes one of these models. Landscape should be considered a contemporary model for architectural imitation because it is a concept that reveals a dynamic reality oriented towards the future. The values of landscape produce a wish to emulate it, to assimilate it. In a renewed object–subject relationship, landscape proposes itself as a paramount issue for architectural design. This paper contextualizes and explains what comprises such renewed mimesis and why landscape is a subject that provokes a desire for active emulation in contemporary architecture.
El nomadismo latente de la ciudad sedentaria. Entrevista a Francesco Careri
Authors: Apolonio Laura
Published: September 2021

Francesco Careri es arquitecto, profesor en la Università Roma Tre, director de dos másteres y autor del libro de culto Walkscapes, el andar como práctica estética (2017, 2ª ed.) que ha inspirado a artistas, arquitectos y pensadores. Es también cofundador del laboratorio artístico Stalker / Osservatorio Nomade, con el que ha realizado numerosas acciones de arte público y participado en varias bienales de arquitectura de Venecia. Pero a él le gusta presentarse simplemente como poeta, figura lúdica e inofensiva que trepa los muros para penetrar los vacíos urbanos y abre la vía a nuevas significaciones. La poesía de Careri se camina con los pies, desde el suelo, fuera de la ciudad del espectáculo, de las representaciones convencionales, en los entresijos del urbanismo, para explorar, comprender y dar voz a la ciudad nómada que vive en el seno de la ciudad sedentaria. Es ahí que habitan los “nuevos babilonios” con los que Careri construye una arquitectura social, revolucionaria y nómada, siguiendo las huellas de Constant. Desde 2018, año en el que realicé una estancia de investigación sobre el caminar participando en varias caminatas con él, hemos mantenido una estrecha colaboración. Esta entrevista se ha realizado online el 31 de marzo 2021.
The demographics and outcomes in patients with bilateral distal radius fractures
Authors: Gonzalez Matthew , Rahman Ayesha , Leucht Philipp , Tejwani Nirmal
Published: September 2021

Although distal radius fractures are quite common, bilateral distal radius fractures seldomly occur. Due to this, treatment is primarily based on surgeon experience with unilateral fractures, however bi- lateral fractures add a level of complexity : loss of functional independence. The purpose of this study was to examine a cohort of patients with bilateral distal radius fractures to identify differences in demographics, mechanism of injury, and outcomes to further our understanding of these rare injuries. 23 patients were identified retrospectively over a 5-year period that met inclusion criteria. The medical records were reviewed with multiple demographic and clinical parameters recorded and analyzed. Males were more likely to sustain high-energy mechanisms (80% vs. 53%). Patients <50 years old were more likely to sustain high-energy mechanisms (90% vs. 46%) and were more likely to be treated operatively (80% vs. 62%). The most commonly associated injury was a head injury (30%). All patients treated non-operatively reported minimal/no pain upon final follow-up where 57% of patients treated operatively noted regular pain. 75% of patients with medical comorbidities had minimal/no pain upon final follow- up. Conclusions : Patients with bilateral fractures were more likely to be younger males who suffered from higher energy mechanisms. Age was a critical factor in determining treatment strategy. Rates of associated head injuries were elevated, which is an important factor for the clinician to keep in mind when treating this population. As we further our understanding of this unique population, we can improve our treatment approaches and subsequently attain better outcomes.
DỊCH TỄ, CHẨN ĐOÁN, ĐIỀU TRỊ COVID-19 TRẺ EM
Authors: Khanh Nguyễn Công
Published: September 2021

Bệnh coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) là bệnh nhiễm khuẩn hô hấp do virus corona mới SARS-CoV-2. Sau khi bệnh bùng phát đầu tiên ở Trung Quốc, bệnh lan rộng ra nhiều nước trên thế giới,

kể cả Việt Nam. COVID-19 là bệnh nhiễm khuẩn mới nổi lên, gây nhiều thách thức lớn về kiểmsoát, chẩn đoán, chăm sóc, điều trị, nhất là trẻ em. Bài tổng quan này nhằm tổng hợp một sốvấn đề về dịch tễ, chẩn đoán và điều trị COVID-19 trẻ em qua y văn, các hướng dẫn, đồng thuậncủa một số tổ chức quốc tế. Bệnh xảy ra ở mọi lứa tuổi, kể cả trẻ sơ sinh, và chỉ chiếm khoảng2% tổng số người mắc COVID-19. Phần lớn trẻ mắc COVID-19 không có triệu chứng và là thểnhẹ đến vừa, chỉ 2% cần phải hồi sức tích cực, tử vong rất thấp, điều này còn chưa có giải thíchđầy đủ. Nghi ngờ mắc COVID-19 khi có triệu chứng hô hấp với một yếu tố dịch tễ. Trẻ sơ sinh,nghi nhiễm bệnh khi sinh từ mẹ nhiễm COVID-19 trong 14 ngày trước sinh hay 28 ngày sau sinh.Chẩn đoán xác định khi xét nghiệm PCR dịch hô hấp SARS-CoV-2 dương tính. Điều trị COVID-19trẻ em, chủ yếu là cách ly dự phòng lây truyền sang người khác, điều trị hỗ trợ là chính. Điều trịđặc hiệu phải được cân nhắc, dựa vào tình trạng nặng của bệnh, tuổi, và các yếu tố nguy cơ.
NHIỄM TOAN CHUYỂN HÓA THEO KHOẢNG TRỐNG ANION
Authors: Thắng Phạm Văn , Mạnh Nguyễn Tiến
Published: September 2021

Nhiễm toan chuyển hóa được định nghĩa là một quá trình bệnh lý, làm tăng nồng độ của các ion hydro trong cơ thể và làm giảm nồng độ HCO3 -. Toan chuyển hóa được chẩn đoán khi pH động mạch thấp (<7,35), HCO3- thấp (<18mmol/l), pCO2thấp (<35 mmHg) và BE giảm. Kèm theo có /hoặc không các triệu chứng lâm sàng như thở nhanh sâu, nhịp thở Kussmaul, rối loạn thần kinh bao gồm nhức đầu, buồn nôn, lơ mơ, hôn mê và cuối cùng là trụy mạch [5,6].

Theo A. Durward và CS có đến 46% số trẻ em nhập khoa ICU bị toan chuyển hóa [1]. Một nghiên cứu khác của NaPa và CS thì số trẻ em bị toan chuyển hóa là 27% [1]. Theo Phí Đức Long và P.V.Thắng, tỷ lệ nhiễm toan chuyển hóa chiếm 51% tổng số trẻ nhiễm toan tại PICU [3].

Có nhiều nguyên nhân dẫn đến toan chuyển hóa với các biểu hiện lâm sàng khác nhau. Nhiễm toan nặng có thể gây nhiều biến chứng và dẫn đến tử vong nhanh chóng. Toan chuyển hóa ảnh hưởng lên rất nhiều cơ quan trong đó tim mạch là hệ cơ quan bị ảnh hưởng nặng nề nhất. Sức co bóp cơ tim và thể tích nhát bóp giảm, các chất giãn mạch được giải phóng gây hạ huyết áp. Sựsuy giảm chức năng cơ tim xảy ra phụ thuộc vào pH. Khi pH giảm từ 7,4 xuống 7,2 thể tích nhát bóp có thể tăng do các catecholamine được giải phóng, nhưng khi pH giảm xuống dưới 7,2 thì sự suy giảm thể tích nhát bóp chắc chắn sẽ xảyra. Ngoài ra sự kháng các thuốc vận mạch cũng như các rối loạn nhịp thất cũng được ghi nhận ở những bệnh nhân toan chuyển hóa nặng [16].

Sự suy giảm ý thức, hôn mê cũng thấy ở những bệnh nhân toan chuyển hóa nặng mặc dù pH dịch não tủy chỉ thay đổi nhỏ. Toan chuyển hóa còn làm ảnh hưởng đến ái lực của gắn của oxy vào phân tử hemoglobin. Thời gian toan càng kéo dài, ái lực gắn càng giảm. Ngoài ra, trong toan chuyển hóa cấp tính, hoạt động của các tế bào lympho cũng như khả năng diệt khuẩn của bạch cầu bị suy giảm dẫn tới bệnh nhân dễ bị nhiễm trùng hơn. Ở những bệnh nhân này, toan chuyển hóa còn gây ra giảm hoạt động sản xuất ATP do ức chế 6-phosphofructokinase và thúc đẩy sự chết theo chương trình của tế bào [16]. Do những tác động xấu lên cơ thể nên những bệnh nhân toan chuyển hóa nếu không được điều trị kịp thời sẽ có tiên lượng rất xấu. Tiênlượng càng xấu khi mức độ toan càng nặng.
Probióticos en Síndrome de Intestino Irritable: ¿Están listos para la práctica clínica?
Authors: Valdovinos-Díaz Miguel Ángel
Published: September 2021

Probiotics are used as non-pharmacological therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Probiotics have mechanisms of action that can influence the complex pathophysiology of IBS. Evidence of the efficacy and safety of probiotics in IBS is based on various meta-analysis that showed these agents have a limited but superior effect on the management of IBS. The recommendations on the use of probiotics in IBS in the clinical practice guidelines published to date remain controversial. Some recommend the use of probiotics for global symptoms and abdominal pain, while others state that there is low quality evidence for a recommendation. Currently, probiotics are frequently prescribed by doctors for the treatment of patients with IBS. A greater number of high-quality clinical trials are needed to define which probiotic strains are effective in the different IBS phenotypes.
Espanhol como língua adicional: um reflexo do ensino no Brasil
Authors:   UERN, Mesquita Neto José Rodrigues de , Silva Marta Jussara Frutuoso da ,   UERN
Published: September 2021

A língua espanhola é uma das línguas mais faladas e estudadas do mundo (INSTITUTO CERVANTES, 2014). Entretanto, no Brasil, a revogação da lei 11.161/2005 de obrigatoriedade do ensino de espanhol pressupõe novos desafios para os interessados no ensino, na aprendizagem e na pesquisa dessa língua, já que, este novo cenário implica numa redução do interesse dentro do contexto educacional brasileiro. Desse modo, esse livro reúne trabalhos de pesquisadores brasileiros no que tange o ensino de espanhol como língua adicional nas mais variadas áreas (literatura, léxico, fonética, etc.). Assim, proporcionando o conhecimento e a aproximação entre pesquisadores e pesquisas de diferentes regiões do nosso país.
Setting the table, not running it: An inclusive approach to access to healthy foods
Authors: Emmerman Karen
Published: September 2021

Food Empowerment Project (F.E.P.) is a vegan food justice nonprofit in northern California. We focus on making a more just and sustainable food system for everyone involved. Since injustice in the food system crosses the species barrier, we work to connect the dots between the exploitation of human and nonhuman animals. We focus our efforts on four main areas: ending the use of animals in the food system, improving access to healthy foods in Black, Brown, and low-income communities, exposing the worst forms of child labor (including slavery) in the chocolate industry, and advocating for farmworker rights. These seemingly disparate areas have much in common: they are interlocking forms of oppres­sion, marginalization, and domination in the food system. We recognize that the intersecting nature of oppression necessitates a nuanced response. For example, as an organization working on both farm­worker justice and food apartheid, we cannot advocate for lowering the price of food as this would negatively impact produce workers who already suffer grave systemic injustice. Instead, we advocate for equality of access and living wages for everyone.[1] In this piece, we focus on our approach to the lack of access to healthy foods, and specifically our community-based efforts in Vallejo, California.