bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Response of the High‐Latitude Southern Hemisphere to Precessional Forcing: Implications for Pleistocene Ocean Circulation
Authors: Rutberg R. L. , Broccoli A. J.
Published: June 2019

The cycling of climate into and out of glacial states in response to orbital forcing illustrates the important role of feedbacks in the Earth system. In this contribution, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory coupled ocean‐atmosphere model is used to qualitatively assess how changes in the Earth's precessional parameters may have impacted Atlantic Meridional Ocean Circulation and Southern Ocean dynamics. The Southern Ocean region responds to precessional forcing similar to that of the Last Glacial Maximum with a slight shift in maximum average annual wind stress, a reduction in austral winter wind stress, and an increase in austral winter sea ice. During austral summer, stratification and wind stress increase, Changes in the temperature and density of the North Atlantic lead to a decrease in Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Together these changes contribute to aging of the global deep ocean, except around Antarctica where enhanced local convection decreases the age of upwelling waters. These circulation changes may have implications for a precessionally driven feedback that contributes to enhanced storage of CO2 in the deep ocean and a reduction in atmospheric CO2.
Earthquake Hydrogeology
Authors: Ingebritsen S. E. , Manga Michael
Published: June 2019

Hydrologic responses to earthquakes such as streamflow increases, water‐level changes, and changes in geyser eruption frequency often reflect changes in permeability caused by seismic waves. The dynamic nature of permeability, as revealed by coseismic hydrologic phenomena, holds implications for groundwater systems, geothermal resources, mineral resources, and geologic hazards. Analysis of water‐level responses to solid Earth tides and changes in atmospheric pressure provides a passive way to continuously monitor changes in permeability and storage properties in tectonically active regions.
Correction: A transgenerational toxicokinetic model and its use in derivation of Minnesota PFOA water guidance
Authors: Goeden Helen M. , Greene Christopher W. , Jacobus James A.
Published: June 2019

A correction to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Plasmonic metasurfaces with 42.3% transmission efficiency in the visible
Authors: Zhang Jihua , ElKabbash Mohamed , Wei Ran , Singh Subhash C. , Lam Billy , Guo Chunlei
Published: June 2019

Metasurfaces are two-dimensional nanoantenna arrays that can control the propagation of light at will. In particular, plasmonic metasurfaces feature ultrathin thicknesses, ease of fabrication, field confinement beyond the diffraction limit, superior nonlinear properties, and ultrafast performances. However, the technological relevance of plasmonic metasurfaces operating in the transmission mode at optical frequencies is questionable due to their limited efficiency. The state-of-the-art efficiency of geometric plasmonic metasurfaces at visible and near-infrared frequencies, for example, is ≤10%. Here, we report a multipole-interference-based transmission-type geometric plasmonic metasurface with a polarization conversion efficiency that reaches 42.3% at 744 nm, over 400% increase over the state of the art. The efficiency is augmented by breaking the scattering symmetry due to simultaneously approaching the generalized Kerker condition for two orthogonal polarizations. In addition, the design of the metasurface proposed in this study introduces an air gap between the antennas and the surrounding media that confines the field within the gap, which mitigates the crosstalk between meta-atoms and minimizes metallic absorption. The proposed metasurface is broadband, versatile, easy to fabricate, and highly tolerant to fabrication errors. We highlight the technological relevance of our plasmonic metasurface by demonstrating a transmission-type beam deflector and hologram with record efficiencies.
Correction: Alzheimer’s disease polygenic risk score as a predictor of conversion from mild-cognitive impairment
Authors: Chaudhury Sultan , Brookes Keeley J. , Patel Tulsi , Fallows Abigail , Guetta-Baranes Tamar , Turton James C. , Guerreiro Rita , Bras Jose , Hardy John , Francis Paul T. , Croucher Rebecca , Holmes Clive , Morgan Kevin
Published: June 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
MIR17HG-miR-18a/19a axis, regulated by interferon regulatory factor-1, promotes gastric cancer metastasis via Wnt/β-catenin signalling
Authors: Yuan Jingsheng , Tan Lulu , Yin Zhijie , Zhu Wenzhong , Tao Kaixiong , Wang Guobing , Shi Wenjia , Gao Jinbo
Published: June 2019

MIR17HG, located on chromosome 13, is a class of Pri-miRNAs that generates six miRNAs: miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1 and miR-92-1. These miRNAs are ubiquitously overexpressed in diverse tumour types and exhibit complex biological links to tumour metastasis. We demonstrated that MIR17HG-derived miR-18a and miR-19a coordinately mediate gastric cancer cell metastasis by directly inhibiting SMAD2 expression and upregulating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Based on previous studies, we hypothesised that an investigation of MIR17HG inhibition would be beneficial to clinical gastric cancer treatment, and systematically coupled bioinformatics analyses brought interferon regulatory factor-1 (IRF-1) to our attention. We then established stable clones in gastric cancer cells containing a doxycycline-inducible IRF-1 expression system and found that the expression of IRF-1 downregulates the embedded miRNAs of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells and inhibits gastric cancer cell metastasis by attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling. Further rescue assays confirmed the crucial roles of miR-18a and miR-19a in the IRF-1-mediated inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin signalling. We also demonstrated that IRF-1 binds to the transcriptional site in the MIR17HG promoter and inhibits MIR17HG expression. Moreover, IFN-γ induced the IRF-1-mediated downregulation of MIR17HG in gastric cancer cells. Our hypothesis was supported by the results of immunohistochemistry analyses of clinical gastric cancer samples, and we also demonstrated the role of IRF-1 in inhibiting MIR17HG expression and tumour metastasis in vivo. We conclude that IRF-1 inhibits gastric cancer metastasis by downregulating MIR17HG-miR-18a/miR-19a axis expression and attenuating Wnt/β-catenin signalling.
Sonodynamic therapy inhibits palmitate-induced beta cell dysfunction via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy
Authors: Guo Tian , Liu Tianyang , Sun Yun , Liu Xianna , Xiong Rongguo , Li He , Li Zhitao , Zhang Zhiguo , Tian Zhen , Tian Ye
Published: June 2019

In type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the overload of glucose and lipids can promote oxidative stress and inflammatory responses and contribute to the failure of beta cells. However, therapies that can modulate the function of beta cells and thus prevent their failure have not been well explored. In this study, beta cell injury model was established with palmitic acid (PA) to simulate the lipotoxicity (high-fat diet) found in T2DM. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT), a novel physicochemical treatment, was applied to treat injured beta cells. We found that SDT had specific effects on mitochondria and induced transient large amount of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in beta cells. SDT also improved the morphology and function of abnormal mitochondria, inhibited inflammatory response and reduced beta cell dysfunction. The improvement of mitochondria was mediated by PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy. Additionally, SDT rescued the transcription of PINK1 mRNA which was blocked by PA treatment, thus providing abundant PINK1 for mitophagy. Moreover, SDT also increased insulin secretion from beta cells. The protective effects of SDT were abrogated when mitophagy was inhibited by cyclosporin A (CsA). In summary, SDT potently inhibits lipotoxicity-induced beta cell failure via PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, providing theoretical guidance for T2DM treatment in aspects of islet protection.
Exploiting interconnected synthetic lethal interactions between PARP inhibition and cancer cell reversible senescence
Authors: Fleury Hubert , Malaquin Nicolas , Tu Véronique , Gilbert Sophie , Martinez Aurélie , Olivier Marc-Alexandre , Sauriol Skye Alexandre , Communal Laudine , Leclerc-Desaulniers Kim , Carmona Euridice , Provencher Diane , Mes-Masson Anne-Marie , Rodier Francis
Published: June 2019

Senescence is a tumor suppression mechanism defined by stable proliferation arrest. Here we demonstrate that the known synthetic lethal interaction between poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors (PARPi) and DNA repair triggers p53-independent ovarian cancer cell senescence defined by senescence-associated phenotypic hallmarks including DNA-SCARS, inflammatory secretome, Bcl-XL-mediated apoptosis resistance, and proliferation restriction via Chk2 and p21 (CDKN1A). The concept of senescence as irreversible remains controversial and here we show that PARPi-senescent cells re-initiate proliferation upon drug withdrawal, potentially explaining the requirement for sustained PARPi therapy in the clinic. Importantly, PARPi-induced senescence renders ovarian and breast cancer cells transiently susceptible to second-phase synthetic lethal approaches targeting the senescence state using senolytic drugs. The combination of PARPi and a senolytic is effective in preclinical models of ovarian and breast cancer suggesting that coupling these synthetic lethalities provides a rational approach to their clinical use and may together be more effective in limiting resistance.
Corrosion of metallic materials fabricated by selective laser melting
Authors: Kong Decheng , Dong Chaofang , Ni Xiaoqing , Li Xiaogang
Published: June 2019

Additive manufacturing is an emerging technology that challenges traditional manufacturing methods. However, the corrosion behaviour of additively manufactured parts must be considered if additive techniques are to find widespread application. In this paper, we review relationships between the unique microstructures and the corresponding corrosion behaviour of several metallic alloys fabricated by selective laser melting, one of the most popular powder-bed additive technologies for metals and alloys. Common issues related to corrosion in selective laser melted parts, such as pores, molten pool boundaries, surface roughness and anisotropy, are discussed. Widely printed alloys, including Ti-based, Al-based and Fe-based alloys, are selected to illustrate these relationships, and the corrosion properties of alloys produced by selective laser melting are summarised and compared to their conventionally processed counterparts.
Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) is regulated in Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis and is involved in Adipogenesis
Authors: Lindner Angie , Marbach Felix , Tschernitz Sebastian , Ortner Christine , Berneburg Mark , Felthaus Oliver , Prantl Lukas , Kye Min Jeong , Rappl Gunter , Altmüller Janine , Thiele Holger , Schreml Stephan , Schreml Julia
Published: June 2019

Little is known on the causes and pathogenesis of the adipose tissue disorder (familial) Multiple Symmetric Lipomatosis (MSL). In a four-generation MSL-family, we performed whole exome sequencing (WES) in 3 affected individuals and 1 obligate carrier and identified Calcyphosine-like (CAPSL) as the most promising candidate gene for this family. Screening of 21 independent patients excluded CAPSL coding sequence variants as a common monogenic cause, but using immunohistochemistry we found that CAPSL was down-regulated in adipose tissue not only from the index patient but also in 10 independent sporadic MSL-patients. This suggests that CAPSL is regulated in sporadic MSL irrespective of the underlying genetic/multifactorial cause. Furthermore, we cultivated pre-adipocytes from MSL-patients and generated 3T3-L1-based Capsl knockout and overexpressing cell models showing altered autophagy, adipogenesis, lipogenesis and Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) expression. CAPSL seems to be involved in adipocyte biology and perturbation of autophagy is a potential mechanism in the pathogenesis of MSL. Downregulation of CAPSL and upregulation of UCP1 were common features in MSL fat while the known MSL genes MFN2 and LIPE did not show consistent alterations. CAPSL immunostainings could serve as first diagnostic tools in MSL clinical care with a potential to improve time to diagnosis and healthcare options.
Combined Amylin/GLP-1 pharmacotherapy to promote and sustain long-lasting weight loss
Authors: Liberini Claudia G. , Koch-Laskowski Kieran , Shaulson Evan , McGrath Lauren E. , Lipsky Rachele K. , Lhamo Rinzin , Ghidewon Misgana , Ling Tyler , Stein Lauren M. , Hayes Matthew R.
Published: June 2019

A growing appreciation of the overlapping neuroendocrine mechanisms controlling energy balance has highlighted combination therapies as a promising strategy to enhance sustained weight loss. Here, we investigated whether amylin- and glucagon-like-peptide-1 (GLP-1)-based combination therapies produce greater food intake- and body weight-suppressive effects compared to monotherapies in both lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) rats. In chow-maintained rats, systemic amylin and GLP-1 combine to reduce meal size. Furthermore, the amylin and GLP-1 analogs salmon calcitonin (sCT) and liraglutide produce synergistic-like reductions in 24 hours energy intake and body weight. The administration of sCT with liraglutide also led to a significant enhancement in cFos-activation in the dorsal-vagal-complex (DVC) compared to mono-therapy, suggesting an activation of distinct, yet overlapping neural substrates in this critical energy balance hub. In DIO animals, long-term daily administration of this combination therapy, specifically in a stepwise manner, results in reduced energy intake and greater body weight loss over time when compared to chronic mono- and combined-treated groups, without affecting GLP-1 receptor, preproglucagon or amylin-receptor gene expression in the DVC.
Genome-wide identification and characterization of long non-coding RNAs expressed during sheep fetal and postnatal hair follicle development
Authors: Sulayman Ablat , Tian Kechuan , Huang Xixia , Tian Yuezhen , Xu Xinming , Fu Xuefeng , Zhao Bingru , Wu Weiwei , Wang Dan , Yasin Aynur , Tulafu Hanikezi
Published: June 2019

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), >200 nt in length, are transcribed from mammalian genomes. They play important regulatory roles in various biological processes; However, the function and expression profile of lncRNAs involved in the development of hair follicles in the fetus, have been relatively under-explored area. To investigate the specific role of lncRNAs and mRNAs that regulate hair follicle development, we herein performed a comprehensive study on the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of sheep at multiple embryonic days (E65, E85, E105, and E135) and six lambs aged one week (D7) and one month (D30) using RNA-seq technology. The number of genes (471 lncRNAs and 12,812 mRNAs) differentially expressed and potential targets of differentially expressed lncRNAs were predicted. Differentially expressed lncRNAs were grouped into 10 clusters based on their expression pattern by K-means clustering. Moreover, Gene Ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses showed that some differentially expressed mRNAs, such as DKK1, DSG4, FOXE1, Hoxc13, SFRP1, SFRP2, and Wnt10A overlapped with lncRNAs targets, and enriched in important hair follicle developmental pathways, including Wnt, TNF, and MAPK signaling pathways. In addition, 9 differentially expressed lncRNAs and 4 differentially expressed mRNAs were validated using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). This study helps enrich the Ovis lncRNA databases and provides a comprehensive lncRNA transcriptome profile of fetal and postnatal skin of sheep. Additionally, it provides a foundation for further experiments on the role of lncRNAs in the regulation of hair growth in sheep.
Association Between Toothbrushing and Behavioral Risk Factors of Non-communicable Diseases: A population Based Survey of 4500 adults in China
Authors: Liu Wenzhao , Su Lingyu , Xie Xudong , Xiang Xuerong , Huang Jiao , Ji Ping
Published: June 2019

Non-communicable Disease (NCD) related behavioral risk factors (BRF) plays a crucial role in NCD prevention, as does oral hygiene behavior in oral health promotion. We examined the association between NCD BRF and toothbrushing using data from a population-based survey, which recruited 4485 adults aged 18+ years, in Chongqing city, China. Prevalence of five NDC BRF and their clustering within individual were determined by toothbrushing frequency. Ordinal logistic regression examined the association between toothbrushing and BRF clustering. Prevalence of current smoking, insufficient intake of vegetable and fruit, and harmful use of alcohol increased significantly with toothbrushing frequency. Respondents who brushed teeth ≥2 times daily consumed more red meat than those with less frequent toothbrushing. Relative to those with no BRF, the adjusted cumulative odds ratio of brushing teeth less frequently was 2.1 (95% CI: 1.4–3.1) for respondents with 3+ BRF. The adjusted cumulative odds ratio was 1.5 (1.1–2.1) and 1.4 (1.0–1.8) for those who had two BRF and those who had one, respectively. Significant correlation between toothbrushing and NCD BRF implied that integrated intervention strategy involving the both may be beneficial in public health programs targeting at either oral health or NCDs, or both.
Central nervous system targeted autoimmunity causes regional atrophy: a 9.4T MRI study of the EAE mouse model of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Hamilton A. Max , Forkert Nils D. , Yang Runze , Wu Ying , Rogers James A. , Yong V. Wee , Dunn Jeff F.
Published: June 2019

Atrophy has become a clinically relevant marker of progressive neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS). To better understand atrophy, mouse models that feature atrophy along with other aspects of MS are needed. The experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS was used to determine the extent of atrophy in a model of inflammation-associated central nervous system pathology. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and atlas-based volumetric analysis were performed to measure brain regional volumes in EAE mice. EAE brains were larger at peak clinical disease (days 14–16) compared to controls, with affected regions including the cerebellum, hippocampus, and corpus callosum. Following peak clinical disease, EAE mice exhibited significant loss of volume at chronic long-term disease duration (day 66+). Atrophy was identified in both white and grey matter regions including the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, hippocampus, corpus callosum, basal forebrain, midbrain, optic tract, and colliculus. Histological analysis of the atrophied cortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus showed demyelination, and axonal/neuronal loss. We hypothesize this atrophy could be a result of inflammatory associated neurodegenerative processes, which may also be involved in MS. Using MRI and atlas-based volumetrics, EAE has the potential to be a test bed for treatments aimed at reducing progressive neurological deterioration in MS.
Characterization of the mitochondrial genome of Megalobrama terminalis in the Heilong River and a clearer phylogeny of the genus Megalobrama
Authors: Hu Xuesong , Luan Peixian , Cao Chunhua , Li Chitao , Jia Zhiying , Ge Yanlong , Shang Mei , Wang Shihui , Meng Zining , Tong Jingou , Shi Lianyu
Published: June 2019

Megalobrama terminalisdistributed in Sino-Russian Heilong-Amur River basin has decreased dramatically in the last few decades. It has been listed in the Red Book of the Russian Federation as an endangered fish species. Here, the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome sequence ofM. terminalisin the Heilong River (MTH) was first determined and characterized. Additionally, we identified a population-specific single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus in MTH which could effectively separate MTH from the six other populations of the genusMegalobramain the absence of hybridization. Moreover, phylogenetic analyses determined that the Xi RiverM. hoffmanniis located at the basal branch of the clade, and the rest of the group is divided into two assemblages, namely, one containingM. terminalisfrom Qiantang River and Jinsha River Reservoir/Longxi RiverM. Pellegrini/MTH and the other containingM. amblycephalafrom Liangzi Lake and Yi River. We clarify the intraspecies identity of MTH and construct a clearer phylogeny of the genusMegalobrama, which will contribute to the germplasm identification, protection and development of MTH in the future.
A Versatile, Portable Intravital Microscopy Platform for Studying Beta-cell Biology In Vivo
Authors: Reissaus Christopher A. , Piñeros Annie R. , Twigg Ashley N. , Orr Kara S. , Conteh Abass M. , Martinez Michelle M. , Kamocka Malgorzata M. , Day Richard N. , Tersey Sarah A. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Dunn Kenneth W. , Linnemann Amelia K.
Published: June 2019

The pancreatic islet is a complex micro-organ containing numerous cell types, including endocrine, immune, and endothelial cells. The communication of these systems is lost upon isolation of the islets, and therefore the pathogenesis of diabetes can only be fully understood by studying this organized, multicellular environment in vivo. We have developed several adaptable tools to create a versatile platform to interrogate β-cell function in vivo. Specifically, we developed β-cell-selective virally-encoded fluorescent protein biosensors that can be rapidly and easily introduced into any mouse. We then coupled the use of these biosensors with intravital microscopy, a powerful tool that can be used to collect cellular and subcellular data from living tissues. Together, these approaches allowed the observation of in vivo β-cell-specific ROS dynamics using the Grx1-roGFP2 biosensor and calcium signaling using the GcAMP6s biosensor. Next, we utilized abdominal imaging windows (AIW) to extend our in vivo observations beyond single-point terminal measurements to collect longitudinal physiological and biosensor data through repeated imaging of the same mice over time. This platform represents a significant advancement in our ability to study β-cell structure and signaling in vivo, and its portability for use in virtually any mouse model will enable meaningful studies of β-cell physiology in the endogenous islet niche.
Deep Learning for the Radiographic Detection of Periodontal Bone Loss
Authors: Krois Joachim , Ekert Thomas , Meinhold Leonie , Golla Tatiana , Kharbot Basel , Wittemeier Agnes , Dörfer Christof , Schwendicke Falk
Published: June 2019

We applied deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect periodontal bone loss (PBL) on panoramic dental radiographs. We synthesized a set of 2001 image segments from panoramic radiographs. Our reference test was the measured % of PBL. A deep feed-forward CNN was trained and validated via 10-times repeated group shuffling. Model architectures and hyperparameters were tuned using grid search. The final model was a seven-layer deep neural network, parameterized by a total number of 4,299,651 weights. For comparison, six dentists assessed the image segments for PBL. Averaged over 10 validation folds the mean (SD) classification accuracy of the CNN was 0.81 (0.02). Mean (SD) sensitivity and specificity were 0.81 (0.04), 0.81 (0.05), respectively. The mean (SD) accuracy of the dentists was 0.76 (0.06), but the CNN was not statistically significant superior compared to the examiners (p = 0.067/t-test). Mean sensitivity and specificity of the dentists was 0.92 (0.02) and 0.63 (0.14), respectively. A CNN trained on a limited amount of radiographic image segments showed at least similar discrimination ability as dentists for assessing PBL on panoramic radiographs. Dentists’ diagnostic efforts when using radiographs may be reduced by applying machine-learning based technologies.
Chiral magnetic chemical bonds in molecular states of impurities in Weyl semimetals
Authors: Marques Y. , Mizobata W. N. , Oliveira R. S. , de Souza M. , Figueira M. S. , Shelykh I. A. , Seridonio A. C.
Published: June 2019

We demonstrate that chirality of the electron scattering in Weyl semimetals leads to the formation of magnetic chemical bonds for molecular states of a pair of impurities. The effect is associated with the presence of time-reversal symmetry breaking terms in the Hamiltonian which drive a crossover from s- to p-wave scattering. The profiles of the corresponding molecular orbitals and their spin polarizations are defined by the relative orientation of the lines connecting two Weyl nodes and two impurities. The magnetic character of the molecular orbitals and their tunability open the way for using doped Weyl semimetals for spintronics and realization of qubits.
Differential Expression Profile of NLRs and AIM2 in Glioma and Implications for NLRP12 in Glioblastoma
Authors: Sharma Nidhi , Saxena Shivanjali , Agrawal Ishan , Singh Shalini , Srinivasan Varsha , Arvind S. , Epari Sridhar , Paul Sushmita , Jha Sushmita
Published: June 2019

Gliomas are the most prevalent primary brain tumors with immense clinical heterogeneity, poor prognosis and survival. The nucleotide-binding domain, and leucine-rich repeat containing receptors (NLRs) and absent-in-melanoma 2 (AIM2) are innate immune receptors crucial for initiation and progression of several cancers. There is a dearth of reports linking NLRs and AIM2 to glioma pathology. NLRs are expressed by cells of innate immunity, including monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, endothelial cells, and neutrophils, as well as cells of the adaptive immune system. NLRs are critical regulators of major inflammation, cell death, immune and cancer-associated pathways. We used a data-driven approach to identify NLRs, AIM2 and NLR-associated gene expression and methylation patterns in low grade glioma and glioblastoma, using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) patient datasets. Since TCGA data is obtained from tumor tissue, comprising of multiple cell populations including glioma cells, endothelial cells and tumor-associated microglia/macrophages we have used multiple cell lines and human brain tissues to identify cell-specific effects. TCGA data mining showed significant differential NLR regulation and strong correlation with survival in different grades of glioma. We report differential expression and methylation of NLRs in glioma, followed by NLRP12 identification as a candidate prognostic marker for glioma progression. We found that Nlrp12 deficient microglia show increased colony formation while Nlrp12 deficient glioma cells show decreased cellular proliferation. Immunohistochemistry of human glioma tissue shows increased NLRP12 expression. Interestingly, microglia show reduced migration towards Nlrp12 deficient glioma cells.
Barley Yield Response to Nitrogen Application under Different Weather Conditions
Authors: Tanaka Ryo , Nakano Hiroshi
Published: June 2019

Barley, one of the most important crops worldwide, will be exposed to high air temperatures as a result of global warming. Since global warming is projected to progress with annual fluctuations, weather-adaptive cultivation techniques are needed in the area of barley production. This study aimed to determine the effect of nitrogen (N) application rate at heading on the grain yield of barley grown under different weather conditions based on two years of field experiments. Grain yield increased markedly with increasing N application rate in the 2017–2018 cropping season but not in the 2016–2017 cropping season. In contrast, late-emerging tillers clearly increased with increasing N application rate in the 2016–2017 cropping season but not in the 2017–2018 cropping season. Plants grown in the 2016–2017 cropping season produced relatively few grains due to the short period of tillering as a results of high air temperatures compared with those grown in the 2017–2018 crop season. Thus, in the 2016–2017 cropping season, N application could be used for the production of late-emerging tillers as a consequence of the limited sink capacity, whereas, in the 2017–2018 cropping season, it could be used effectively to increase grain yield.
Coupling epidemiological and tree growth models to control fungal diseases spread in fruit orchards
Authors: Bevacqua Daniele , Génard Michel , Lescourret Françoise , Martinetti Davide , Vercambre Gilles , Valsesia Pierre , Mirás-Avalos Josè Manuel
Published: June 2019

Agronomic practices can alter plant susceptibility to diseases and represent a promising alternative to the use of pesticides. Yet, they also alter crop quality and quantity so that the evaluation of their efficacy is not straightforward. Here we couple a compartmental epidemiological model for brown rot diffusion in fruit orchards with a fruit-tree growth model explicitly considering the role of agronomic practices over fruit quality. The new modelling framework permits us to evaluate, in terms of quantity and quality of the fruit production, management scenarios characterized by different levels of regulated deficit irrigation and crop load. Our results suggest that a moderate water stress in the final weeks of fruit development and a moderate fruit load provide effective control on the brown rot spreading, and eventually guarantee monetary returns similar to those that would be obtained in the absence of the disease.
Raman and XPS studies of ammonia sensitive polypyrrole nanorods and nanoparticles
Authors: Šetka Milena , Calavia Raúl , Vojkůvka Lukáš , Llobet Eduard , Drbohlavová Jana , Vallejos Stella
Published: June 2019

Polypyrrole (PPy) nanorods (NRs) and nanoparticles (NPs) are synthesized via electrochemical and chemical methods, respectively, and tested upon ammonia exposure using Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Characterization of both nanomaterials via Raman spectroscopy demonstrates the formation of PPy, displaying vibration bands consistent with the literature. Additionally, XPS reveals the presence of neutral PPy species as major components in PPy NRs and PPy NPs, and other species including polarons and bipolarons. Raman and XPS analysis after ammonia exposure show changes in the physical/chemical properties of PPy, confirming the potential of both samples for ammonia sensing. Results demonstrate that the electrochemically synthesized NRs involve both proton and electron transfer mechanisms during ammonia exposure, as opposed to the chemically synthesized NPs, which show a mechanism dominated by electron transfer. Thus, the different detection mechanisms in PPy NRs and PPy NPs appear to be connected to the particular morphological and chemical composition of each film. These results contribute to elucidate the mechanisms involved in ammonia detection and the influence of the synthesis routes and the physical/chemical characteristics of PPy.
Spontaneous emission rate enhancement with aperiodic Thue-Morse multilayer
Authors: Li Ling , Mathai Cherian J. , Gangopadhyay Shubhra , Yang Xiaodong , Gao Jie
Published: June 2019

The emergence of multilayer metamaterials in the research field of enhancing spontaneous emission rates has recently received extensive attention. Previous research efforts mostly focus on periodic metal-dielectric multilayers in hyperbolic dispersion region; however, the influence of lattice order in subwavelength multilayers on spontaneous emission is rarely studied. Here, we observe the stronger Purcell enhancement of quantum dots coupled to the aperiodic metal-dielectric multilayer with Thue-Morse lattice order from elliptical to hyperbolic dispersion regions, compared to the periodic multilayer with the same metal filling ratio. This work demonstrates the potential of utilizing quasiperiodic metamaterial nanostructures to engineer the local density of states for various nanophotonic applications.
A new computational approach to estimate whole-brain effective connectivity from functional and structural MRI, applied to language development
Authors: Hahn Gerald , Skeide Michael A. , Mantini Dante , Ganzetti Marco , Destexhe Alain , Friederici Angela D. , Deco Gustavo
Published: June 2019

Recently introduced effective connectivity methods allow for the in-vivo investigation of large-scale functional interactions between brain regions. However, dynamic causal modeling, the most widely used technique to date, typically captures only a few predefined regions of interest. In this study, we present an alternative computational approach to infer effective connectivity within the entire connectome and show its performance on a developmental cohort with emerging language capacities. The novel approach provides new opportunities to quantify effective connectivity changes in the human brain.
Analytical Exploration of Potential Pathways by which Diabetes Mellitus Impacts Tuberculosis Epidemiology
Authors: Awad Susanne F. , Dargham Soha R. , Omori Ryosuke , Pearson Fiona , Critchley Julia A. , Abu-Raddad Laith J.
Published: June 2019

We aimed to develop a conceptual framework of diabetes mellitus (DM) effects on tuberculosis (TB) natural history and treatment outcomes, and to assess the impact of these effects on TB-transmission dynamics. The model was calibrated using TB data for India. A conceptual framework was developed based on a literature review, and then translated into a mathematical model to assess the impact of the DM-on-TB effects. The impact was analyzed using TB-disease incidence hazard ratio (HR) and population attributable fraction (PAF) measures. Evidence was identified for 10 plausible DM-on-TB effects. Assuming a flat change of 300% (meaning an effect size of 3.0) for each DM-on-TB effect, the HR ranged between 1.0 (Effect 9-Recovery) and 2.7 (Effect 2-Fast progression); most effects did not have an impact on the HR. Meanwhile, TB-disease incidence attributed directly and indirectly to each effect ranged between −4.6% (Effect 7-TB mortality) and 34.5% (Effect 2-Fast progression). The second largest impact was forEffect 6-Disease infectiousnessat 29.9%. In conclusion, DM can affect TB-transmission dynamics in multiple ways, most of which are poorly characterized and difficult to assess in epidemiologic studies. The indirect (e.g. onward transmission) impacts of some DM-on-TB effects are comparable in scale to the direct impacts. While the impact of several effects on the HR was limited, the impact on thePAFwas substantial suggesting that DM could be impacting TB epidemiology to a larger extent than previously thought.
Diesel soot coated non-woven fabric for oil-water separation and adsorption applications
Authors: Sharma Moolchand , Singh Gurpreet , Vaish Rahul
Published: June 2019

The diesel soot (DS) coated non-woven fabric was studied for oil-water separation along with the adsorption of dyes, detergents, and pharmaceuticals. The DS coated non-woven fabric showed more than 95% separation efficiency and consistent repeatable performance during oil-water separation experiment. In addition to this, the DS coated non-woven fabric of 17.2 cm2 area successfully adsorbed ~85%, 97%, and 100% methylene blue (MB) dye, ciprofloxacin, and detergent, respectively from their respective solutions within 30 min, which was not possible using uncoated non-woven fabric. The DS coated non-woven fabric was found to be hydrophobic with the contact angle of 140° which was almost invariant upto 60 °C. Hence, the DS coated non-woven fabric showed promising performance in the oil-water separation and adsorption applications.
Point of Care eGFR and the Prediction of Outcomes in Pneumonia
Authors: Suk Chi-won , Hsu Shih-chang , Chen Chun-you , Hsieh Hui-ling , Kuo Hsiao-tung , Hsu Yuan-pin , Sue Yuh-mou , Chen Tso-Hsiao , Lin Feng-yen , Shih Chun-ming , Chen Jaw-wen , Lin Shing-jong , Huang Po-hsun , Liu Chung-te
Published: June 2019

Pneumonia is a leading cause of mortality. Severity-assessment scores in pneumonia guide treatment crucially, but the ones currently in existence are limited in their use. Community-based studies demonstrated the association between pre-existing low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and outcomes in pneumonia. However, whether a single emergency department-eGFR measurement could predict outcomes in pneumonia remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study included 1554 patients hospitalized with pneumonia. The predictor was the first eGFR measurement. Outcomes included mortality, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, durations of hospital and ICU stay, and ventilator use. Receiver operating characteristic curves was used to determine optimal cutoff values to predict mortality. Of 1554 patients, 263 had chronic kidney disease, demonstrated higher C-reactive protein and SMART-COP scores, and had more multilobar pneumonia, acute kidney injury, ICU admission, and mortality. Patients with higher pneumonia severity scores tended to have lower eGFR. For predicting in-hospital mortality, the optimal eGFR cutoff value was 56 mL/min/1.73 m2. eGFR < 56 mL/min/1.73 m2 had an odds ratio of 2.5 (95% confidence interval, 1.6–4.0) for mortality by multivariate logistic regression. In Conclusion, eGFR < 56 mL/min/1.73 m2 is an independent predictor of mortality, indicating that even mild renal impairment affects the outcome of pneumonia adversely.
The extracellular fluid macromolecular composition differentially affects cell-substrate adhesion and cell morphology
Authors: Gonzalez-Molina Jordi , Mendonça da Silva Joana , Fuller Barry , Selden Clare
Published: June 2019

Soluble macromolecules present in the tumour microenvironment (TME) alter the physical characteristics of the extracellular fluid and can affect cancer cell behaviour. A fundamental step in cancer progression is the formation of a new vascular network which may originate from both pre-existing normal endothelium and cancer-derived cells. To study the role of extracellular macromolecules in the TME affecting endothelial cells we exposed normal and cancer-derived endothelial cells to inert polymer solutions with different physicochemical characteristics. The cancer cell line SK-HEP-1, but not normal human umbilical vein endothelial cells, responded to high-macromolecular-content solutions by elongating and aligning with other cells, an effect that was molecular weight-dependent. Moreover, we found that neither bulk viscosity, osmotic pressure, nor the fractional volume occupancy of polymers alone account for the induction of these effects. Furthermore, these morphological changes were accompanied by an increased extracellular matrix deposition. Conversely, cell-substrate adhesion was enhanced by polymers increasing the bulk viscosity of the culture medium independently of polymer molecular weight. These results show that the complex macromolecular composition of the extracellular fluid strongly influences cancer-derived endothelial cell behaviour, which may be crucial to understanding the role of the TME in cancer progression.
Distinct mechanisms govern recalibration to audio-visual discrepancies in remote and recent history
Authors: Watson David M. , Akeroyd Michael A. , Roach Neil W. , Webb Ben S.
Published: June 2019

To maintain perceptual coherence, the brain corrects for discrepancies between the senses. If, for example, lights are consistently offset from sounds, representations of auditory space are remapped to reduce this error (spatial recalibration). While recalibration effects have been observed following both brief and prolonged periods of adaptation, the relative contribution of discrepancies occurring over these timescales is unknown. Here we show that distinct multisensory recalibration mechanisms operate in remote and recent history. To characterise the dynamics of this spatial recalibration, we adapted human participants to audio-visual discrepancies for different durations, from 32 to 256 seconds, and measured the aftereffects on perceived auditory location. Recalibration effects saturated rapidly but decayed slowly, suggesting a combination of transient and sustained adaptation mechanisms. When long-term adaptation to an audio-visual discrepancy was immediately followed by a brief period of de-adaptation to an opposing discrepancy, recalibration was initially cancelled but subsequently reappeared with further testing. These dynamics were best fit by a multiple-exponential model that monitored audio-visual discrepancies over distinct timescales. Recent and remote recalibration mechanisms enable the brain to balance rapid adaptive changes to transient discrepancies that should be quickly forgotten against slower adaptive changes to persistent discrepancies likely to be more permanent.
Publisher Correction: Modeling multiple sea level rise stresses reveals up to twice the land at risk compared to strictly passive flooding methods
Authors: Anderson Tiffany R. , Fletcher Charles H. , Barbee Matthew M. , Romine Bradley M. , Lemmo Sam , Delevaux Jade M. S.
Published: June 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Water diffusion measurements of single charged aerosols using H2O/D2O isotope exchange and Raman spectroscopy in an electrodynamic balance
Authors: Nadler Katherine A. , Kim Pyeongeun , Huang Dao-Ling , Xiong Wei , Continetti Robert E.
Published: June 2019

We report water diffusion measurements on single charged aerosols using isotope exchange in an electrodynamic balance.
Docosapentaenoic acid (DPA, 22:5n-3) ameliorates inflammation in an ulcerative colitis model
Authors: Zheng Zhenxiao , Dai Zhiyuan , Cao Yalun , Shen Qing , Zhang Yiqi
Published: June 2019

DPA showed an anti-inflammatory profile by competing with AA to decrease the synthesis of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids (LTB4and PGE2).
A simple highly specific fluorescent probe for simultaneous discrimination of cysteine/homocysteine and glutathione/hydrogen sulfide in living cells and zebrafish using two separated fluorescence channels under single wavelength excitation
Authors: Zhu Hanchuang , Liu Caiyun , Yuan Ruifang , Wang Ruikang , Zhang Hanming , Li Zilu , Jia Pan , Zhu Baocun , Sheng Wenlong
Published: June 2019

A simple highly specific fluorescent probe was reasonably constructed to simultaneously detect Cys/Hcy and GSH/H2S in living cells and zebrafish using two separated fluorescence channels under single wavelength excitation.
Evidence for tetranuclear bis-μ-oxo cubane species in molecular iridium-based water oxidation catalysts from XAS analysis
Authors: Bartlett Stuart A. , Sackville Emma V. , Gibson Emma K. , Celorrio Veronica , Wells Peter P. , Nachtegaal Maarten , Sheehan Stafford W. , Hintermair Ulrich
Published: June 2019

Latest EXAFS results suggest a ‘dimer-of-dimers’ as the dominant resting state of Ir-pyalk WOCs in aqueous solution.
Dual detection of bioaccumulated Hg2+ based on luminescent bacteria and aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Huang Letao , Li Shiwu , Ling Xia , Zhang Jun , Qin Anjun , Zhuang Jian , Gao Meng , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2019

We develop a dual detection strategy for bioaccumulated Hg2+ based on turn-off of the bioluminescence of P. phosphoreum bacteria by disrupting the quorum sensing system and turn-on of the photoluminescence of an aggregation-induced emission (AIE) probe by forming aggregates with Hg2+ inside the bacteria.
Bioconjugated arylpalladium complexes on solid supports for a convenient last-step synthesis of 11C-labelled tracers for positron emission tomography
Authors: Tabey Alexis , Audrain Hélène , Fouquet Eric , Hermange Philippe
Published: June 2019

Bioconjugated arylpalladium complexes anchored onto polystyrene beads provided [11C]CO-labelled compounds with excellent radiochemical purities after a simple filtration.
Photo electron transfer induced desilylation of N,N-bis(trimethylsilyl)aminodibenzoborole to aminodibenzoborole
Authors: Keck Constanze , Maichle-Mössmer Cäcilia , Bettinger Holger F.
Published: June 2019

Photoinduced desilylation proceeds by single electron transfer and yields the first example of an unsubstituted aminoborole derivative.
Anisotropic elasticity and plasticity of an organic crystal
Authors: Wang Jian-Rong , Li Meiqi , Yu Qihui , Zhang Zaiyong , Zhu Bingqing , Qin Wenming , Mei Xuefeng
Published: June 2019

Two-in-one bending properties were achieved by a crystal engineering strategy of introducing a spring-like backbone in the structure.
A Pd-catalyzed domino Larock annulation/dearomative Heck reaction
Authors: Liang Ren-Xiao , Xu Deng-Yun , Yang Fu-Ming , Jia Yi-Xia
Published: June 2019

A highly efficient synthesis of indolines from N-bromobenzoyl o-iodoanilines and alkynes is developed via a domino Larock annulation/dearomative Heck reaction.
A trisulfur radical anion (S3˙−) involved sulfur insertion reaction of 1,3-enynes: sulfide sources control chemoselective synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes and 3-thienyl disulfides
Authors: Li Jing-Hao , Huang Qi , Rao Weidong , Wang Shun-Yi , Ji Shun-Jun
Published: June 2019

Cascade cyclization reactions of S3˙−in situ generated from S2− with 1,3-enynes for the chemoselective synthesis of 2,3,5-trisubstituted thiophenes and 3-thienyl disulfides controlled by sulfide salts are developed.
Pomegranate-like multicore–shell Mn3O4 encapsulated mesoporous N-doped carbon nanospheres with an internal void space for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Liu Yingwei , Han Jie , Fan Lei , Li Yanan , Guo Rong
Published: June 2019

Pomegranate-like multicore–shell Mn3O4 encapsulated mesoporous N-doped carbon nanospheres with a tunable void space have been developed for high performance lithium-ion batteries.
An original class of small sized molecules as versatile fluorescent probes for cellular imaging
Authors: Sirbu Doina , Diharce Julien , Martinić Ivana , Chopin Nicolas , Eliseeva Svetlana V. , Guillaumet Gérald , Petoud Stéphane , Bonnet Pascal , Suzenet Franck
Published: June 2019

An unusual class, compact in sizes, of fluorescent probes based on pyridazino-1,3a,6a-triazapentalene scaffolds exhibits promising fluorescent properties with good solubility and good photostability suitable for optical imaging applications.
Iron-catalyzed oxidative functionalization of C(sp3)–H bonds under bromide-synergized mild conditions
Authors: Yu Han , Zhao Qixin , Wei Zheyu , Wu Zhikang , Li Qi , Han Sheng , Wei Yongge
Published: June 2019

A bromide-synergized iron catalysis which can effectively catalyze the oxidative functionalization of various C–H bonds with high yield and good selectivity.
Deciphering preferred solid-state conformations in nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates and their coordination compounds. A case study of discrete Cu(ii) complexes based on Cα-substituted analogues of zoledronic acid: crystal structures and solid-state characterization
Authors: Rojek Tomasz , Goldeman Waldemar , Ślepokura Katarzyna , Zierkiewicz Wiktor , Matczak-Jon Ewa
Published: June 2019

Conformation diversity of N-containing bisphosphonic acids and related anions within their metal complexes and salts.
Structure, charge transfer, and kinetic properties of NaVPO4F with Na+ extraction: a comprehensive first-principles study
Authors: Mamoor Muhammd , Lian Ruqian , Wang Dashuai , Meng Xing , Chen Gang , Wei Yingjin
Published: June 2019

DFT calculations showed an intermediate phase appeared during desodiation of NaVPO4F. When Na+ concentration reached at x = 0.5, NaxVPO4F underwent a phase transition from C2/c to P2/c and then P2/c changed to C2/c when material completely desodiated.
Humidity transforms immobile surface charges into mobile charges during triboelectric charging
Authors: Gil Phwey S. , Lacks Daniel J.
Published: June 2019

Ionic material fragments created by contact stress will react with water to create ions that can transfer between surfaces.
Conversion of CO2 on a highly active and stable Cu/FeOx/CeO2 catalyst: tuning catalytic performance by oxide-oxide interactions
Authors: Lin Lili , Yao Siyu , Rui Ning , Han Lili , Zhang Feng , Gerlak Clifford A. , Liu Zongyuan , Cen Jiajie , Song Liang , Senanayake Sanjaya D. , Xin Huolin L. , Chen Jingguang G. , Rodriguez José A.
Published: June 2019

Oxide–oxide interactions have been used to control textural properties and produce active and stable Cu/FeOx/CeO2 catalysts.