bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
الحركات الاحتجاجية في السودان ودورها في التحول السياسي والاجتماعي
Authors: كرار د.ابتهال جمال الدين الصادق
Published: October 2022

تناولت الدراسة الأسباب والعوامل التي أدت الى اندلاع الحركات الاحتجاجية في السودان سلميةً كانت أم عنيفةً، منذ استقلال السودان في العام 1956م وحتى ديسمبر 2018. وتنبع أهمية الدراسة من أنها أتت في مدة كثرت فيها الاحتجاجات عالمياً، إقليمياً ومحلياً، مما يستدعي تحليل أسبابها ونتائجها. وترمي الدراسة الي التعرف على دور الاحتجاجات في إحداث التحولات السياسية والاجتماعية بالسودان، بجانب تحديد العوامل التي ساعدت في نجاح أو فشل الحكومات التي أفرزتها تلك الاحتجاجات مع التركيز على تحديات حكومة ثورة 2018 م في تحقيق الأهداف التي اندلعت الثورة من أجلها.
 أهم نتائج الدراسة أن احتجاجات ديسمبر 2018 م تعد أكبر الاحتجاجات التي شهدها السودان وكان قوامها الشباب والنساء وكانت مطالبها قوميةً وشاملةً، غير أن التحديات التي تمر بها الحكومة الانتقالية جديةٌ وكبيرةٌ. ويرجع ذلك الى الفرق الشاسع بين طموحات الثوار وحقائق الأمر الواقع، فواقعياً لا يعد إصلاح الاقتصاد والسياسة والوضع الاجتماعي شأناً يسيراً أو يخص السودان فحسب، بل إن التدخلات الخارجية لا تقل أهميةً عن تفاعلات الداخل. لكن تظل التحولات المنشودة مرهونةً بمقدرة   القوى الفاعلة على تخطي الصراعات الداخلية وتنظيم صفوفها للخروج من الوضع الفوضوي الراهن. وتوصي الدراسة باستيعاب الثوار في منظوماتٍ سياسيةٍ لإحداث التحول المدني الديمقراطي.
تطبيقات النظرية النسوية المعاصرة ودورها في العلاقات الدولية (سنغافورة أنموذجاً)
Authors: التميمي ا.م.د.علي جاسم محمد
Published: October 2022

منذ نشوء علم العلاقات الدولية كحقل علمي أكاديمي مستقل ظهرت نظريات واتجاهات مختلفة حاولت فهم وتفسير الواقع الدولي واعطاء صورة واضحة عما يحدث داخل النظام الدولي من تفاعلات وتأثيرات والبحث عن ادوات الاستقرار والسلم في العلاقات الدولية، ومن ضمن تلك النظريات هي النظرية النسوية التي تعد اتجاها فكريا جديدا على مستوى نظريات العلاقات الدولية والتي حاولت اعطاء تفسير لما يحدث في السياسة العالمية وفي العلاقات الدولية خاصة. فالقضية الاساسية التي اهتمت بها النظرية النسوية هي عدم تبعية المرأة للرجل او هيمنته عليها بالنظر الى ان النساء والامور المرتبطة بهن شكل مختلف ومتدني وذو قيمة اقل من الرجال وخاصة تقليل دورها في صنع القرار، وقد عرف معجم اوكسفورد النظرية النسوية بانها الاعتراف للمرأة بالحقوق وفرص مساوية للرجل وذلك في مختلف مستويات الحياة العلمية والعملية.
بدأت المطالبة بحقوق المرأة منذ المؤتمر التأسيسي الاول الذي عقد في باريس سنة ١٨٩٢ واهمها حقوق التعليم وحق الانتخاب وان يكون لها دور في صنع القرار، وفي حقبة التسعينيات شهدت دخول المرأة في حقل العلاقات الدولية  وعدها طرف فاعل مثلها مثل الرجل وزاد الطموح للمطالبة بقيادة المجتمع الدولي من خلال قيادة الدول التي تعاظم دورها في الآونة الاخيرة حتى وصل عدد الدول التي تحكمها النساء اكثر من (١٦) دولة، وشهد حكمهن قيادة مميزة على الاصعدة كافة وخاصة في ادارة ازمة وباء(كوفيد ١٩) عام 2019، اذ شجع رواد النظرية النسوية بتقديم مزايا القيادة النسوية والتي تحقق الاستقرار السياسي والاقتصادي والاجتماعي ومن ثم تحقق السلم والامن الدوليين واستقرار العلاقات الدولية وان وجود الحروب وعدم الاستقرار راجع الى العالم الذكوري ووجود الرجل في صنع القرار والحل الامثل هو قيادة المرأة التي اثبت نجاحها في دول مثل( المانيا، كرواتيا، نيوزلندا، سنغافورة ....وغيرها)، بما ان بحثنا تناول سنغافورة انموذجا لذا سوف نركز هنا على التجربة السنغافورية في قيادة المرأة لها المتمثلة بالسيدة حليمة يعقوب، المرأة المسلمة من اصل هندي التي فازت في انتخابات ٢٠١٧ لتكون الرئيس الثامن لسنغافورة دون ان تدخل في سباق انتخابي اذ لم يرشح معها احد، دولة سنغافورة الواقعة جنوب شرق اسيا تعد رابع اكبر مركز مالي في العالم وواحدة من اغنى بلدان المنطقة والاكثر استقرارا من الناحية السياسية.
تأثير المتغير العسكري الامريكي في الواقع الامني لمنطقة الخليج العربي بعد عام 2003
Authors: عزيز أ.م.د.عباس هاشم , حمود الباحث: محمود فاضل
Published: October 2022

مثل التواجد العسكري في المنطقة الخليجية بعد الانسحاب البريطاني منها عام 1971 أحد اهم ركائز الاستراتيجية الامريكية في الصعود الى سلم القيادة العالمية، اذ وفرت الميزات الجيوستراتيجية التي تتمتع بها المنطقة عوامل تحكم في مصادر الطاقة وطرق التجارة العالمية. وضمنت الولايات المتحدة الامريكية لاوربا الغربية واليابان عملية وصول مصادر الطاقة لها وابعاد خصومها من المنطقة، لاسيما الاتحاد السوفيتي، وتعاظم التواجد العسكري الامريكي في الخليج بعد غزو العراق عام 2003. بالمقابل عاشت المنطقة تناقضات كثيرة منها ما يهدد امنها واستفحال الخلافات بين دولها وظهور ازمات كأزمة الملف النووي الايراني، والازمة القطرية واستمرار الخلافات العربية – الايرانية حول الجزر الامارتية ومشكلة البحرين والتي انتهت بتدخل عسكري سعودي، فضلا عن الحرب في اليمن. كل هذه المشكلات حدثت مع التواجد العسكري الامريكي المكثف في المنطقة، الامر الذي يوحي بوجود علاقة سببية بين الاستراتيجية الامريكية المعتمدة في المنطقة واستمرار عدم الاستقرار الامني. ولذا فان هذا البحث سيتناول بشكل تفصيلي العلاقة بين الوجود الامريكي في منطقة الخليج العربي واستمرار عدم الاستقرار فيها، لا سيما بعد عام 2003.
جدلية العلاقة بين الديمقراطية والحرية في الفكر السياسي لكارل بوبر
Authors: سهام مهدي أ.م.د.عبير
Published: October 2022

تتفق الدراسات الحديثة على أن النظام الديمقراطي في بلد ما لا يمكن أن يُقام إلا في ظل جو تسوده الحرية السياسية والدينية، إلا ان مصطلح الديمقراطية ومصطلح الحرية وضُعا في دائرة جدلية، لان مفهومهما بقي متعددا ومختلفا فيه.
يعد (كارل بوبر) واحدا من أبرز الفلاسفة في الفكر السياسي الغربي المعاصر المدافعين عن الديمقراطية بوصفها النقيض للدكتاتورية، إذ حدد وظيفتها بقدرتها على كبح جماح النخبة الحاكمة وإخضاعها للقانون لمنع نزوعها للطغيان، وذلك لن يتحقق إلا في إطار العلاقة الوثيقة بين الديمقراطية مدخلا لتوسيع نطاق الحرية.
Decentralization in Iraq: Addressing The State – Society Gap
Authors: Al-Rikabi Hashim Haydar Khashan
Published: October 2022

The implementation of decentralization in Iraq was asymmetrical, leading to different forms and paces of implementation. Comparing four cases of Basra, Kirkuk, Nineveh, and Sulaymaniyah indicate that these cases differ in their political stability and autonomy in a way that led to a different forms of decentralization. This paper argues that the higher the level of political autonomy from the federal government, the more efficient the governance model, and the more efficient the governance model, the more legitimate the system (trust), and the more legitimate a system, the more accountable elected officials. Therefore, it recommends reforming the institutional setup of decentralization by having districts, instead of provinces, as the building block of decentralization.
Eksplorasi etnomatematika permainan tradisional gatrik
Authors: Handayani Shinta Dwi , Irawan Ari
Published: October 2022

The purpose of this research is to look deeper and explore traditional gatric games related to Sundanese traditional culture and mathematics. Any ethnomatematic elements contained in gatric games. Seeing how mathematics cannot separate the cultural life of the Sundanese people. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using an ethnographic approach. In terms of analyzing, researchers discuss with experts in the field of ethnomatematics and Sundanese cultural observers as a means of corroborating the results of the analysis conducted by the author. The results of this study are (1) children can count mathematical numbers, (2) children can distinguish odd and even numbers, (3) children see how to divide and multiply without realizing it, (4) the use of this game can hone children's cognitive and psychomotor aspects. , (5) children's character is honed with honesty, fairness and sportsmanship.
Profitabilitas, Likuiditas, Pertumbuhan Penjualan, dan Ukuran Perusahaan Terhadap Kebijakan Utang pada Perusahaan Sub Sektor Makanan dan Minuman
Authors: Agustini Sri , Iscahyono Sugeng , Puadudin Abdul Yogi
Published: October 2022

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of Profitability, Liquidity, Sales Growth, and Company Size on Debt Policy. For this reason, every company that has a goal to get maximum profit requires large capital, one of the sources is from external funds in the form of funds that obtained from other parties or debts. The research method used in this research is associative research method, namely research that aims to determine the influence or relationship between two or more variables. The results of the study show that for food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2016-2018 that profitability has no effect on debt policy, as evidenced by the profitability significance value of 0.336 which is greater than the significance value of 0.05. Liquidity has an effect on debt policy, as evidenced by the significance value of 0.023 which is smaller than the value of 0.05. Then, sales growth has no effect on debt policy, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.283 greater than 0.05. And, firm size has no effect on debt policy, as evidenced by a significance value of 0.411 which is greater than 0.05. Partially shows that three variables, namely profitability, sales growth and firm size have no effect on debt policy, and one variable, namely liquidity, which affects debt policy. The results of the research simultaneously show that profitability, liquidity, sales growth and firm size together have no effect on debt policy. And the results simultaneously show that 0.039 is smaller than 0.05 simultaneously profitability, liquidity, sales growth and firm size affect debt policy.
Perancangan Ulang Fasilitas Kereta Galon Dengan Pendekatan Konsep Ergonomi di PT.XYZ
Authors: Sinambela Sahat
Published: October 2022

Gallon Stroller (Troly) used in PT. XYZ to transport gallons of packaged drinks between work stations, initial data was obtained from research at the workplace of the operator experiencing complaints of MSDs Musculoskeletal Disorders, then after conducting research on the assessment of the Nurdic Body Mapping (NBM) score, the average was above 48% and 43%, the results analysis of work postures and with Rapid Upper Limb Assessment REBA all work systems have high complaints scores so they must be repaired immediately, using anthropometric size considerations it is also found that the size of the operator and the size of the tool experience significant differences, after an analysis of work postures is not ideal and needs to be improved immediately, to achieve the ideal working posture by redesigning the stroller, taking into account the previous anthropometric data of height, 296 cm, and length. 359 cm, changed to 370.6 cm and the addition of assistive devices as a footstool to overcome MSDs Musculoskeletal Disorders, and changing the method to work, a stroller is proposed from a manual drive using an electric motor and a new grip design, with anthropometric concepts, and REBA analysis. after the use of the new design was analyzed with the concept of percentile and REBA, all work postures decreased from very high complaints level reaching 13 on a risk scale to 4 low
Penguat Ekonomi Kreatif di Era Pandemi Melalui Digital Branding
Authors: Indrias Putri Sevilia Sujarwo
Published: October 2022

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah sebagai inovasi baru penguat ekonomi kreatif di masa pandemi dengan strategi branding produk melalui media digital atau digital branding. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif berjenis pendekatan deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah produk MOP beauty sebagai pelaku ekonomi kreatif. Branding adalah  usaha memperkenalkan produk kepada masyarakat dengan strategi membangun suatu pernyataan rasional, emosional, dan kultural dari sebuah produk sebagai upaya pengenalan sebuah produk dengan tujuan untuk memengaruhi pilihan konsumen agar memilih produk tersebut dibandingkan produk pesaing lainnya. Dari penelitian ini bisa diketahui bahwa membangun strategi digital branding merupakan sebuah bekal yang amat penting sebagai penguat ekonomi kreatif di masa pandemi Covid-19. Sebuah proses membangun brand yang kuat dapat menciptakan ketahanan sehingga brand produk mampu melewati masa sulit pandemi Covid-19 dengan baik. Dengan demikian kepercayaan konsumen terhadap brand maupun penjualan dapat meningkat. Karya tulis ilmiah ini dapat bermanfaat sebagai referensi di dunia pendidikan maupun pelaku ekonimi kreatif.
APLICAÇÃO DE ENTREVISTA MOTIVACIONAL NO ÂMBITO DA SAÚDE
Authors: Silva Alicyregina Simião , Germano Ferreira Natália , Da Silva Jardilino Deborah , Alves do Nascimento Ludmila , Minervina Moraes de Sabino Leidiane
Published: October 2022

A Entrevista Motivacional (EM) é considerada uma importante tecnologia educacional implementada na prática assistencial de profissionais da saúde, com intuito de auxiliar no empoderamento da população, além de contribuir para melhor vínculo entre profissional e paciente. Diante disso, objetiva-se identificar na literatura científica o modo como a EM é utilizada no contexto da Enfermagem. Trata-se de uma Revisão Integrativa da Literatura, elaborada a partir do questionamento “Quais evidências científicas existem acerca da implementação da EM no Contexto da Enfermagem?”. A pesquisa foi realizada nas bases de dados LILACS, Pubmed, Web of Sciene e Cinahl, com a utilização dos descritores Enfermagem/ Nursing e Entrevista motivacional/Motivational Interviewing, com estudos no período de 2016 a 2021. A coleta e análise dos dados foi feita a partir da leitura de títulos, resumos e textos completos dos artigos científicos. A amostra final do estudo foi de 19 artigos. Observou-se que a EM é uma tecnologia utilizada em diversos contextos que englobam a saúde, em que se destaca o acompanhamento de pacientes portadores de doenças crônicas. Em relação ao modo de aplicação da tecnologia observou-se preferência pela abordagem presencial, sendo realizada na maioria dos estudos em ambiente hospitalar. Os resultados apontaram também que a EM é uma tecnologia eficaz na promoção da autonomia do indivíduo e na melhora dos padrões de saúde. Conclui-se que a EM é importante e necessária para uma assistência em saúde holística e integral, objetivando, sobretudo, garantir a autonomia da comunidade sobre o processo de saúde-doença.
Banks, Financial Platforms and Big Data: Development Trends and Regulation Directions
Authors:   International Banking Institute named after Anatoliy Sobchak, St. Petersburg 191023, Russian Federation, Vasiliev S. A. , Nikonova I. A. ,   International Banking Institute named after Anatoliy Sobchak, St. Petersburg 191023, Russian Federation, Miroshnichenko O. S. ,   University of Tyumen, Tyumen 625003, Russian Federation,   RANEPA, Moscow 119571, Russian Federation
Published: October 2022

The introduction of Big Data technology into banking activities is aimed at improving the efficiency of banks, improving business processes, however, it creates new risk factors and determines the need to transform regulatory approaches. The purpose of the article is to develop recommendations on the use of Big Data technology in banking, including the bank transactions using a financial platform, taking into account the need to ensure the stability of the banking sector at the macro and micro levels, and the development of the financial market. It has been established that Big Data technology is used in the management of banking risks, in the development of relationships with customers, the development of personalized products; in cost reduction. The use of Big Data defines new requirements for staff competencies. As a result of the analysis, the need for cooperation between banks, operators of financial platforms with specialized providers of cloud services, software, as well as fintech companies is substantiated. It was revealed that the implementation of Big Data technology increases the importance of model, reputational risks, third-party risks, unethical behavior, and cybersecurity. When using Big Data technology, banks are recommended to separate the data management function; the regulator — to expand the regulatory principles and approaches to the use of data in the construction, validation, adjustment of banking models based on Big Data technology, to the exchange of data and their protection, to the use by banks, operators of financial platforms of Open data, to the certification of specialized suppliers, interacting with banks; the legislator is recommended to develop a legal framework that regulates the formation and use of open data by economic agents.
Doğu Anadolu Bölgesi Orman Zararlısı Cerambycidae (Coleoptera) Faunası İçin Yeni Kayıtlar
Authors: TATAR Muhammed , TOZLU Göksel
Published: October 2022

Türkiye birkaç doğal iklim bölge kompleksini içine alan ve eşsiz coğrafi konumuyla çok sayıda endemik tür içeren zengin bir flora ve faunaya sahiptir. Zengin orman habitatına sahip ülkemiz heyelan, yangın, küresel ısınmaya bağlı iklim değişiklikleri vb. abiyotik etmenler ile zararlı, hastalık ve hatalı tarımsal uygulamalar gibi biyotik etmenlere bağlı olarak ormanlık alanlarının azalması ve sürdürülebilirliğinin tehlike altına girmesiyle karşı karşıya gelmiş durumdadır. Bu çalışma kapsamında, Ağrı, Ardahan, Bayburt, Bingöl, Erzurum, Iğdır, Kars ve Muş İllerine 2021 yılının nisan-eylül aylarında her ay en az bir kez gidilerek özellikle geçitler ve ormanlık alanlarda atrap, japon şemsiyesi, aspiratör ve çukur tuzaklar kullanılarak, ağaçlarda zararlara neden olan Cerambycidae türleri ile konukçuları tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda, Lepturinae, Spondylidinae, Cerambycinae ve Lamiinae olmak üzere dört altfamilyaya ait 11 tür elde edilmiştir. Lepturinae’ye ait, Akimerus berchmansi Breit Erzurum, Rhagium (Hagrium) bifasciatum F., R. (Megarhagium) fasciculatum Faldermann ve R. (Rhagium) inquisitor schtschukini Semenov Ardahan, Cerambycinae’ye ait Cerambyx (Cerambyx) cerdo cerdo L. Kars, Isotomus comptus comptus Mannerheim Ardahan, Xylotrechus (Rusticoclytus) rusticus L. Bayburt, Lamiinae’ye ait Monochamus (Monochamus) galloprovincialis transitivus Lazarev ise Erzurum ili için ilk kayıt niteliğindedir. Elde edilen Cerambyx cinsine ait türlerin popülasyon yoğunluklarına bağlı olarak larvalarının çam ormanlarında kabuk altı odun dokusunda galeriler açarak ağaçların kurumasına neden olduğu, erginlerinin ise özellikle meşe ormanlık alanlarında ağaç yapraklarında beslenerek zararlı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Makalah Kelompok 1 - Manajemen Strategi Perbankan Syariah
Authors: israeni
Published: October 2022

Manajemen strategis adalah serangkaian dan tindakan manjerial yang menentukan kinerja perusahaan dalam jangka panjang.Manajemen strategis meliputi pengamatan lingkungan, perumusan strategi, (perencanaan strategis atau perencanaan jangka panjang), implementasi strategi, dan evaluasi dan pengendalian.Manajemen stategi menekankan pada pengamatan dan evaluasi peluang dan ancaman lingkungan dengan melihat kekuatan dan kelemahan perusahaan.Semula disebut kebijakan bisnis, manajemen strategis meliputi perencanaan dan strategi jangka panjang. Kebijakan bisnis, sebaliknya, berorientasi pada manajemen umum dan cenderung melihat kedalam dan lebih menekankan pada integrasi yang sesuai bagi banyak aktivitas fungsional dalam perusahaan. Kebijakan bisnis lebih memfokuskan pada pemanfaatan asset perusahaan secara efisien.Dengan demikian, kebijakan bisnis lebih menekankan pada perumusan arahan umum yang dapat digunakan untuk pencapaian misi dan tujuan perusahaan dengan lebih baik.Manajemen strategis sebagai suatu bidang ilmu menggabungkan kebijakan bisnis dengan lingkungan dan tekanan strategis. Oleh karena itu, istilah manajemen strategis biasanya menggantikan istilah kebijakan bisnis sebagai suatu nama bidang ilmu
Etika dan Prilaku Pendidik di Institusi Pendidikan
Authors: Rahimallah Muhammad Tanzil Aziz
Published: October 2022

Institusi pendidikan dianggap sebagai tempat paling sakral dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas manusia. Sekolah mulai dari tingkat dasar sampai dengan perguruan tinggi dijadikan sebagai sarana utama peningkatan kapasitas dan kompetensi sumber daya manusia yang ada di suatu negara. Pendidikan dilaksanakan dengan harapan dapat tercipta peserta didik yang memiliki keseimbangan antara kompetensi baik pada kognitif, afektif maupun psikomotorik.Namun jika kita melihat sekilas pelaksanaan pendidikan di Indonesia rasanya institusi pendidikan kita hanya terfokus pada aspek kognitif siswa. Pendidikan kita cenderung menjadikan pemahaman dan pengetahuan sebagai fokus pendidikan dimana kapasitas intelektual menjadi tolak ukurnya. Peningkatan kapasitas emosional dan prilaku peserta didik sebagai output pelaksanaan pembelajaran tidak mendapatkan ruang yang sama seperti pada aspek kognitif.
Menyesuaikan Struktur, Kinerja dan Strategi
Authors: Arkam Fadel
Published: October 2022

Perkembangan perekonomian di Indonesia saat ini yang semakin maju tentunya sangat membutuhkan ketersediaan dan peran serta lembaga keuangan. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dana dan mengembangkan usaha, peran lembaga keuangan tersebut menjadi sangat penting.Suatu pekerjaan tidak akan berjalan dengan lancar tanpa adanya sumber daya manusia yang mendukungnya. Masyarakat menyadari bahwa sumber daya manusia adalah salah satu unsur dalam organisasi yang mempunyai peranan penting bagi kelangsungan organisasi tersebut. Perkembangan perbankan syariah sejatinya memang masih jauh dari harapan. Melihat penduduk muslim yang banyak, nyatanya bukan menjadi jaminan perbankan syariah berkembang dengan cepat. Bahkan, kinerja keuangan bank syariah belum sebaik bank konvensional. Masalah tata kelola ini memang menjadi salah satu masalah selain karena lemahnya kondisi internal bank, lemahnya manajemen bank, moral dari Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM), dan pengawasan yang belum efektif dari Bank Indonesia. Secanggih apapun alat dan sarana kerja yang dimiliki perusahaan namun tanpa adanya fungsi kerja manusia maka keberadaan perusahaan tidak akan berarti apa-apa, hal ini dikarenakan manusia memiliki kemampuan yang berupa tenaga dan pikiran untuk melakukan sesuatu yang bermanfaat bagi organisasi atau perusahaan tersebut. Keberhasilan sebuah organisasi, tidak terlepas dari baiknya kinerja pegawai. Dimana tujuan suatu organisasi, akan tercapai dengan baik apabila mempunyai pegawai atau sumber daya manusia yang berkualitas. Sumber daya manusia adalah proses mendayagunakan manusia sebagai tenaga kerja secara manusiawi, agar potensi fisik dan psikis yang dimilikinya, berfungsi maksimal bagi pencapaian tujuan organisasi atau perusahaan. Berkaitan dengan itu untuk menciptakan kinerja yang organisasi tersebut. Pegewai bukan hanya menjadi objek dalam pencapaian keberhasilan sebuah organisasi, namun juga sebagai pelaku keberhasilan organisasi.
Entomopathogenic Fungi as an Alternative to Harmful Commercial Pesticides
Authors: Bhatia Ishan
Published: October 2022

Since commercial chemical pesticides effectively eradicate pests that would otherwise destroy our crops, the agricultural industry relies on these pesticides to protect our food supply. As useful as these pesticides seem, many substances present in them pose a threat to our health. Consequently, biopesticides such as entomopathogenic fungi are being researched to reduce the use of these hazardous pesticides. Entomopathogenic fungi effectively attack pests without posing a risk to humans. This paper analyzes the adverse effects of commercial pesticides on human health and discusses the effectiveness of multiple species of entomopathogenic fungi in controlling pests.
TechTV / The Screen Savers, economics of P2P (historiography VII:5)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: October 2022

Computer science and technology : historiography VII (5)
Supply Chain Resilience Strategies During COVID-19: A Case of Apparel Manufacturers
Authors: Susitha Emmanuel
Published: October 2022

There are many natural and other disruptions to businesses and supply chains in this dynamic and uncertain business world. Facing those disruptions and surviving the company becomes highly challenging. Global apparel value chains have been severely disrupted by the COVID- 19 pandemic, which has delayed their recovery in the short term. This study explores how the sector mitigates challenges during the pandemic and the steps the industry should focus on in the new-normal era. Using a multidisciplinary approach, this study conducted an evidence- based case study method. Through secondary data, it was examined short-term and long-term strategies executed by the industry. Due to the scattered nature of the supply chain and the labour intensity, the apparel sector faced significant challenges compared to other businesses. However, the industry rebounded after the pandemic by adopting short-term and medium-term resilient strategies. This cross-case analysis discusses the challenges faced by apparel manufacturers during the COVID-19 pandemic in different countries. The industry adopted short-term and long-term solutions to recoup from the COVID-19 storm. The findings provide an opening for the researchers to explore the viability of the strategies adopted by the industry. Also, the results open avenues how for exploring other techniques to be assumed to be resilient in unexpected situations like COVID-19.
Sosiologi Postmodern
Authors: RAKINAUNG OXINCE GLEDIS
Published: October 2022

Artikel ini berisikan tentang latar belakang sejarah lahirnya teori-teori sosial postmodern, konsep-konsep pemikiran tokoh-tokoh teori sosial postmodern, dan kritik serta prospek masa depan teori-teori sosial postmodern. Kita harus pahami bahwa, teori-teori sosial postmodern dewasa ini cenderung berada dalam ketegangan pendapat antara kubu yang memandang bahwa teori-teori sosial postmodern masih menjadi bagian dari era modern dan kubu yang meyakini bahwa teori-teori ini telah terpisah sama sekali dari era modern.Dengan cara memanfaatkan metode kajian kepustakaan, artikel ini pada akhirnya hendak memberikan gambaran kritis tentang posisi penting teori-teori sosial postmodern dalam kajian sosiologi kontemporer dewasa ini, serta potensi kemungkinan-kemungkinan perkembangannya di masa depan.Tindakan rasional itu sendiri merupakan aksi dari pemahaman bahwa segala perbuatan, perilaku dan aksi seorang aktor didasarkan pada pemikiran, rasio dan akal yang memungkinkan manusia bertindak baik dan buruknya, sukses dan tidak suksesnya, pintar dan bodohnya, hebat dan tidak hebatnya serta aktor didasarkan pada usaha manusia itu sendiri melalui kemampuan otonom yang dimiliki manusia, jadi agama dan pengetahuan tentang spiritualitas hanya minoritas prosentase dalam menunjang kesuksesan seorang aktor, sehingga Weber percaya hal tersebut harus didahului dengan proses rasionalisasi itu sendiri termasuk mempercayai ilmu pengetahuan sebagai alat dominan dan determinan seorang aktor mencapai sebuah tujuan yang dicita-citakan.
Spatial variation in shallow slow earthquake activity in Hyuga-nada, southwest Japan
Authors: Baba Satoru , Takemura Shunsuke , Obara Kazushige , Takeo Akiko , Yamashita Yusuke , Shinohara Masanao
Published: October 2022

Hyuga-nada, off the Pacific coast of Kyushu along the Nankai Trough in southwest Japan, is one of the most active slow earthquake regions around Japan. We estimated the energies of shallow tremors and moments of shallow very low frequency earthquakes (VLFEs) in Hyuga-nada using data from a permanent onshore broadband network and temporary ocean bottom seismometer observations. The energies and moments of these slow earthquakes have a similar along-strike variation and are generally higher south of the subducted Kyushu-Palau Ridge than near the top of the ridge. This spatial variation is also related to the characteristics of slow earthquake migration. The along-strike migration speed was faster at initiation in the south, where the moments of slow earthquakes are higher. After migration entered the subducted Kyushu-Palau Ridge, its speed was decelerated with a parabolic pattern and their moments became smaller. Assuming a constant patch size of slow earthquakes, we estimated that the stress drop of VLFEs in the south of the subducted ridge was approximately three times higher than that near the top of the subducted ridge. According to our observations and a physical model, this stress drop difference between adjacent regions may cause parabolic migration. We also estimated the scaled energy of slow earthquakes from the ratio of the seismic energy rates of tremors to the seismic moment rates of accompanying VLFEs. The spatial variation in scaled energy is not identified inside the Hyuga-nada. Since the range of scaled energy is similar between the south and near the top of the subducted ridge, the apparent stress may be similar if the rigidity is the same. The dominant range of scaled energy of slow earthquakes in Hyuga-nada is 10-11.5–10-8.5. In addition to having similar or one order smaller values compared to other slow earthquake regions, the range of scaled energy in Hyuga-nada is broader. This broader range suggests wide range of characteristic time and various spectral features of slow earthquakes in Hyuga-nada. Based on a Brownian slow earthquake model, the wide range of characteristic time in this area suggests width variations of slow earthquake source area.
Atmospheric carbon emissions from benthic trawling depend on water depth and ocean circulation
Authors: Collins James , Kleisner Kristin , Fujita Rodney , Boenish Robert
Published: October 2022

Through its vastness, resilience and biogeochemical complexity, the ocean offers humanity some of the largest potential natural pathways for removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere while avoiding new sources of anthropogenic emissions. In proposing a network of new marine protected areas in service of global ocean conservation, Sala et al. describe a potentially large climate benefit of such a strategy: a reduction or elimination in carbon emissions that can result from the resuspension and subsequent remineralization of organic matter in ocean sediments following benthic trawling and dredging. Sala et al. estimated that as much as 1.47 Pg CO2 yr-1 — equivalent to 4% of all global CO2 emissions in 2020 — could be produced globally in the first year disturbance associated with benthic trawling, with CO2 “emissions” from trawling activity declining after roughly a decade to 0.58 Pg CO2 yr-1.However, using the published output from a series of experiments in an inverse ocean circulation model to account explicitly for the timescale of atmospheric ventilation, we show that the Sala et al. estimate of global CO2 efflux in the first year after trawling must be discounted by at least 33%, yielding an adjusted flux of 0.99 Pg CO2 yr-1, if one aims to ultimately estimate emissions to the atmosphere. Similarly, the cumulative CO2 emissions attributable under the Sala et al. model to a continuous pattern of global benthic trawling activity over a 30-year timescale must be discounted by at least 12% (compare 19.6 and 17.2 Pg CO2).
Ostracism in the era of COVID-19: Intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup perspectives
Authors: Gkinopoulos Theofilos , Galanaki Evangelia
Published: October 2022

COVID-19 pandemic had a profound negative impact on people’s personal and social life. In this chapter, after some conceptual clarifications, we provide insights into the effects of ostracism on people’s well-being as individuals, partners, and group members. Specifically, we explore (a) individual- and personality-based risk factors of ostracism (intrapersonal level); (b) deprivation of social touch, disruption of empathy and social stigmatization in interpersonal relations (interpersonal level); and (c) disruption of social identity, social stigmatization and rise in prejudiced, discriminatory, and xenophobic tendencies withing groups (intergroup level). The contribution of this chapter lies in proposing an interplay among intrapersonal, interpersonal, and intergroup dimensions of identity, that is, a multi-level conceptualization of ostracism during the covidian era. By integrating theoretical arguments and research findings, we support the view that personal identity commitment and identification with social groups have similar roots, both based on the individual’s need to formulate meaningful connections to the world and, thus, cope with as well as prevent ostracism. The implications of the interplay between personal and social identity for the measurement of ostracism are also discussed. Next, strategies for tackling ostracism during the pandemic or similar widespread crises are proposed. Finally, avenues for future research are suggested.
Meaning in hand: Investigating shared mechanisms of motor imagery and sensorimotor simulation in language processing
Authors: Muraki Emiko Joanne , Dahm Stephan Frederic , Pexman Penny M.
Published: October 2022

There is substantial evidence to support grounded theories of semantic representation, however the mechanisms of simulation in those theories are underspecified. In the present study, we tested whether motor imagery shares mechanisms with sensorimotor simulations engaged during semantic processing. We quantified individual differences in motor imagery ability using a series of implicit imagery tasks and explicit imagery questionnaires. We then tested the relationship between motor imagery ability and sensorimotor effects observed in four different syntactic classification tasks. In Experiment 1 (N = 185), we replicated an association between hand motor imagery and sensorimotor effects wherein individuals with higher scores on hand imagery ability measures had longer response times to words referring to objects difficult to interact with (low body-object interaction nouns) than to words referring to objects easy to interact with (high body-object interaction nouns). We also observed shorter response times and more accurate responses to foot/leg action verbs than non-foot/leg action verbs, but this sensorimotor effect in language processing did not significantly correlate with individual differences in motor imagery. In Experiment 2 (N = 195), we observed shorter response times and more accurate responses to hand/arm action verbs than non-hand/arm action verbs, as well as four associations between motor imagery and language processing of hand/arm action verbs. Further, we observed shorter response times and more accurate responses to embodied verbs than for non-embodied verbs, but this sensorimotor effect in language processing did not correlate with individual differences in motor imagery. The results suggest specific (and not general) associations, in that some, but not all forms of hand imagery and object-directed motor imagery are related to sensorimotor effects in language processing of hand/arm action verbs and nouns describing objects that are easy to interact with. As such, hand and object-directed motor imagery may share some mechanisms with sensorimotor simulation during semantic processing.
Pay attention and you might miss it: Greater learning during attentional lapses
Authors: Dubois Michael , Decker Alexandra , Duncan Katherine , Finn Amy
Published: October 2022

Attentional lapses have been found to impair everything from basic perception to learning and memory. Yet, despite the well documented costs of lapses on cognition, recent work suggests that lapses might unexpectedly confer some benefits. One potential benefit is that lapses broaden our learning to integrate seemingly irrelevant content that could later prove useful–a benefit that prior research focusing only on goal relevant memory would miss. Here, we measure how fluctuations in sustained attention influence the learning of seemingly goal-irrelevant content that competes for attention with target content. Participants completed a correlated flanker task in which they categorized central targets (letters or numbers) while ignoring peripheral flanking symbols that shared hidden probabilistic relationships with the targets. We found that across participants, higher rates of attentional lapses correlated with greater learning of the target-flanker relationships. Moreover, within participants, learning was more evident during attentional lapses. These findings address long-standing theoretical debates and reveal a benefit of attentional lapses: they expand the scope of learning and decisions beyond the strictly relevant.
Analytic Thinking as Revealed by Function Words: What Does Language Really Measure?
Authors: Markowitz David Matthew
Published: October 2022

Understanding how people think is a key interest in psychology, and recent advances in automated text analysis have used a verbal analytic thinking index to approximate Kahneman’s System 2 (e.g., deliberate, deep thinking). That is, prior work used a style word index to assess university student admissions essays and observed that those who used more articles and prepositions relative to storytelling words (e.g., pronouns) had higher grades at the end of college. This work presumed that verbal analytic thinking represented one’s cognitive ability or intellectual potential, but this presumption has remained untested. The current research evaluated if verbal analytic thinking is indeed a reflection of cognitive ability or one’s interest and motivation to engage in deep thinking, called need for cognition. Across 500 participants and two writing samples, the most reliable link to verbal analytic thinking was need for cognition, addressing an untested empirical question in psychology of language research.
Neural electrophysiological correlates of detection and identification awareness
Authors: Wiens Stefan , Andersson Annika , Gravenfors Josef , Eklund Rasmus
Published: October 2022

Humans have conscious experiences of the events in their environment. Previous research from electroencephalography (EEG) has shown two neural correlates of consciousness (NCC): visual awareness negativity (VAN) at about 200 ms, and late positivity (LP) after about 300 ms. When characterizing VAN and LP as NCC, it is important to explore which particular experiences are associated with VAN and LP. Recent research proposes that VAN is an NCC of detection and not of identification. However, previous results are mixed and have several limitations. In the present study, the stimulus was a ring with a Gabor patch tilting either left or right. Subjects performed a combined detection and identification task. On each trial, subjects rated their awareness on a three-level perceptual awareness scale that captured both the detection threshold (something vs. nothing) and identification (identification vs. something). Bayesian linear mixed models provided extreme evidence (BF10 > 283) that VAN and LP were stronger at the detection threshold than at the identification threshold. Mean VAN decreased from −2.16 [−2.89, −1.41] at detection to −0.33 [−0.66, 0.01] at identification, and mean LP decreased from 1.85 [1.40, 2.31] detection to 0.42 [0.12, 0.73] at identification. At the identification threshold, there was ambiguous for VAN (BF01 = 1.95) and moderate support for LP (BF10 = 3.33). These findings provide evidence against the strong claim that VAN is only an NCC of detection. However, the findings strongly suggest that VAN and LP are NCC that are much more sensitive to detection than identification.
Impact of Education and Media Exposure on Tuberculosis Related Awareness among Indian Adults: A Study Based on NFH-3
Authors: Barman P.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Lack of awareness about a contagious disease like pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) among the general population may be a hindrance to early prevention of infection and timely care-seeking, besides being a stigma fuelling factor. The objective in this study is to identify the roles of education and media exposure on correct knowledge regarding the route of TB transmission across selected low awareness geographical regions of India, one of the 30 high TB burden countries according to the WHO.

Methods: The study is based on NFHS 3 (2005-06) unit level data on adult men and women using basic statistical tools and logistic regression analysis.

Results: Adults of both sexes in the northern, central and eastern regions of India are found to have lower than all India share of correct knowledge about the route of TB transmission. Education seems to be positively impacting correct knowledge among women in all three regions and among men, only in the East. Good exposure to mass media significantly raises the probability of correct knowledge among both genders in the east while leaving no impact in the north and central regions.

Conclusion: Adoption of a more holistic approach in fighting TB is the need of the hour. Besides addressing the medical aspect of the disease, region-specific deeper socio-economic factors like education and media exposure that can potentially impact disease related knowledge and awareness need to be incorporated in attempts to control TB particularly in a high endemic country like India.
Common Disease with Uncommon Presentation: Spina Ventosa
Authors: Dixit R. , Goyal M. , Pawar K. , Chandra V.
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Tuberculosis of short tubular bones of hand and foot is called tuberculousdactilitis or “spinaventosa”. This is uncommon type of osteoarticular tuberculosis more often seen in children than adults. This report describes tuberculosis affecting third metacarpal bone in a 25-year-old male patient presenting with a firm, painless, progressively increasing swelling over the dorsum of left hand. Diagnosis was made by cytological examination of aspirate from the affected area.
Material Management System of Government Building Construction Projects in Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Dhakal Yaman , Shrestha Hari Mohan
Published: October 2022

Material management is an essential element in construction projects. Improper material management systems lead to adverse impact on time, cost and quality of the construction projects. Most of the construction projects have not been completed on time, partly due to the poor material management system. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess status of material management system (MMS) of building construction projects. Sixteen government building construction projects were selected in Kathmandu Valley for determining existing practices of MMS. Questionnaires survey, field visit and key informant interviews (KII) were used to collect the primary data and related literatures and documents available at site were reviewed for collecting secondary data. Quantitative and qualitative techniques were used as data collecting tools. MS Excel tool was used to analyse the data. From the study, it is found that manual record keeping system was used for MMS. About 71.43 % of projects did not use automatic loading/ unloading system and did not give priority to the quality of materials for MMS. Nearly 75 % of projects have implemented well managed store house in site as per material type and also focused on centralized storing system. None of the projects used any new technology of MMS in Building Construction Projects. It leads to the cost overrun on Building Construction Projects.
Study on Road Transportation and Their Status at Shadananda Municipality in Bhojpur
Authors: K.C. Mohan Dhoja
Published: October 2022

Road transport services assist in rising access with the rural-urban linkages. Road convenience can decrease remoteness, motivate collection, production and marketing activities, boost civic facilities and aid to technology transfer. Road construction has been seen to bring about distinguished enthusiasm and observable changes in rural life. Road structure is considered as “the infrastructure for infrastructure”. Though, in the absence of notable standards and coherent guidelines, road construction is carried out in opposing manner resulting in random use and wastage of scarce funds. Municipal Transport Master Plan is arranged for gauging and scheduling the existing road transport structures and accommodations inside the municipality and the surrounding rural municipalities. This study is focused on the interventions of road networks within the municipality.
Examining the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Alternative Material for the Interlocking Prefabricated Sandwich Panel
Authors: Shrestha Roman Man , Khadka Ajay
Published: October 2022

The paper shows the effective utilization of non-degradable waste material like the hair of humans, Expanded Polystyrene Spheres (EPS), and rice husk fly ash to a final product Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. Concrete fracture, catastrophic failure, spalling of concrete and non-quake resistance, with the application of a load are major problems of the current scenario in the concrete world (Mindess, 2009). This paper tries to solve this type of problem by using the natural fibers and some additives which are under patient right. The researcher of this paper has developed a prefab panel which may be the substitute product of brick, ACC block, interlocking block, EPS panel, and local prefab panel. The utilization of industrial waste to usable products for construction is a major challenge that the researcher has taken. The paper shows that product can be made economical and able to reduce environmental challenges. Ingredients like human hair, EPS, chemical agent, cement, fly ash, water, and fiberboard are utilized in a certain time and fixed condition to complete the formation of the Fiber-reinforced concrete panel. The panel was found to have multi-function like a light in weight, fireproof, and flexibility which was its main USP (Unique Selling Point). The researcher thinks this product might change the perception of Nepalese customer, who thinks prefab as a costly and less strength product. Nepal political instability and dependent culture on foreign country shows an impossible possibility to use an artificial fiber and imported fly ash (ITC, 2017). This paper also presents the Nepalese market perception through the business model canvas, a business strategy that can be taken, hindrance, and the possibility to use human hair fiber, fly ash and recycled EPS to complete finished goods.
Current Status of Assistive Technology for AAC for People with Autism Spectrum Disorders in Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Sachin , Shah Amit
Published: October 2022

This paper is focussed on the current status of usage of assistive technology for augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) for the person with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Nepal. ASD is marked by core features including impaired social communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviours and interest (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5th Edition: DSM 5). AAC is a specific type of assistive technology that can benefit person with autism (PWA) of all ages by promoting independence, expanding communication and increasing social interactions. The major objective of this paper is to analyse the current status of AAC assistive technology for person with autism (PWA) in Nepal. The paper first analysed the assistive technology in general and then is inclined toward the current status of its development in Nepal. The research methodology of the paper included interviews and discussion sessions. The data were further reviewed based on the reports from the relevant organizations and learning outcomes from different autism related trainings and workshops. The authors visited various organizations related to autism in Nepal, Autism Care Nepal Society (ACNS) and Special School for Disability and Rehabilitation Center (SSDRC) and carried out interviews and discussions and also participated in various autism related training sessions and workshops. The findings of this paper showed that despite the high prevalence rate of autism, there is very less progress in managing ASD in Nepal and that the usage of assistive devices is limited to low tech only.