bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Femoral anteversion as a potential risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament injuries in athletes
Authors: Mirahmadi Alireza , Hosseini‐Monfared Pooya , Salimi Maryam , Kazemi Arya , Ghanbari Naser , Shameli Vahid , Kazemi Seyed Morteza
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Non‐contact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are influenced by the anatomic and biomechanical characteristics of the lower limb. The combination of knee valgus, hip internal rotation and tibial external rotation are important contributors to non‐contact ACL injuries. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of femoral anteversion on the incidence of ACL injuries among athletes.

Methods

A retrospective comparative study was conducted on 137 adult male athletes with high suspicion of ACL injury following a sports‐related injury. The patients were classified into two groups based on the presence of ACL tears: the ‘ACL tear’ and the ‘ACL intact’ groups. The femoral anteversion angle was measured by both a computed tomography (CT) scan using the method described by Hernandez et al. and a physical examination using Craig's test. The association of ACL tears with femoral anteversion angle was evaluated. Femoral anteversion cut‐off values were calculated to find the best margin for a high probability of ACL tearing.

Results

The mean anteversion in patients with ACL tears was found to be higher compared to ACL‐intact patients both in CT scan measures (18.4 ± 5.5 vs. 12.9 ± 6.9, p value < 0.001) and physical examination (20.2 ± 5.9 vs. 14.8 ± 7.7, p value < 0.001). The correlation analysis revealed an excellent correlation between femoral anteversion measured by CT scan and Craig's test results (r = 0.94). Cut‐off values for femoral anteversion measured by CT scan concerning ACL tearing with the highest sensitivity and specificity were 12.7 and 19.0, respectively. The Craig‐measured cut‐off values were 1.5–2° more than the CT scan measurements.

Conclusion

This study reveals a significant correlation between increased femoral anteversion and a higher risk of ACL injury among male athletes. The results of this study aid in designing personalized prevention programmes for non‐contact ACL injuries among athletes.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Zafirlukast Against Flaviviruses via Inhibition of the TNF Signaling Pathway
Authors: Komarasamy Thamil Vaani , Gilbert‐Jaramillo Javier , Adnan Nur Amelia Azreen , James William S. , Balasubramaniam Vinod RMT.
Published: December 2024

The two most clinically important members of the flavivirus genus, Zika virus (ZIKV) and dengue virus (DENV) pose a significant public health challenge. They cause a range of diseases in humans, from hemorrhagic to neurological manifestations, leading to economic and social burden worldwide. Nevertheless, there are no approved antiviral drugs to treat these infections. Zafirlukast is an orally available Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved drug for the prophylaxis and treatment of chronic asthma. It is a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) with high selectivity of the cysteinyl leukotriene‐1 receptor (CYSLTR1) that acts as an immune modulator. Thus, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Zafirlukast against ZIKV and DENV in SK‐N‐SH cells. We showed that Zafirlukast exhibited potent antiviral activity against ZIKV, which could be linked to Zafirlukast's immune blockade of TNF signaling pathways and its downstream signaling pathways such as MAPK and ERK1/2. In addition, our results showed that Zafirlukast also counteracts ZIKV‐induced changes in key genes involved in cellular lipid metabolism. Thus, these findings highlight the translational potential of optimizing Zafirlukast as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of ZIKV and DENV.
Forecasting Drought Phenomena Using a Statistical and Machine Learning‐Based Analysis for the Central Anatolia Region, Turkey
Authors: Türkeş Murat , Özdemir Ozancan , Yozgatlıgil Ceylan
Published: December 2024

Drought is a major concern in Turkey, significantly affecting agriculture, water resources and the economy, especially in the Central Anatolia region with a semiarid steppe and dry‐sub‐humid climate. This study aims to develop an optimal forecasting model for Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) values over various periods (1–24 months) using data from 50 stations in the Central Anatolia region. It compares statistical forecasting and machine learning methods, finding that machine learning algorithms, particularly the Bayesian Recurrent Neural Network, outperform statistical approaches. The results show a consistent increase in drought severity and highlight the robust performance of top models across different SPEI periods. The study provides a benchmark for future research on forecasting models and underscores the need for effective drought mitigation and adaptation strategies. The incorporation of advanced machine learning algorithms, such as the Bayesian Recurrent Neural Network, and their comparison with traditional statistical methods highlight the potential for more accurate and adaptive drought forecasting models.
Diagnostic characteristics of pediatric cyclic vomiting syndrome
Authors: Bujarska Malgorzata , Bora Geetanjali , Li B U. K. , Banda Julie , Thomas Danny , Simpson Pippa , Karrento Katja
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) remains a diagnostic challenge due to its nonspecific presentation despite consensus‐based diagnostic criteria. There is a need for improved, evidence‐based diagnostic criteria. We hypothesized that symptoms differ quantitatively between children with CVS versus other vomiting conditions and that current diagnostic criteria are not sufficiently sensitive for diagnosing CVS.

Methods

Observational, prospective study of children ages 3–18 years with unexplained vomiting episodes evaluated in the outpatient gastroenterology clinic, emergency department, and inpatient units at Children's Wisconsin. Parents completed symptom surveys at 0, 3, and 6 months. Diagnostic workup and treatment response were monitored by chart review. A final diagnosis (CVS vs. non‐CVS) was assigned for group comparisons and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis of diagnostic cutoffs.

Results

Of 108 subjects enrolled, 46 CVS and 54 non‐CVS patients were analyzed. The groups reported overall different episode frequencies with more CVS versus non‐CVS (81% vs. 55%) having ≥4 episodes/preceding 12 months (p = 0.013). CVS patients also had longer vomiting episodes (p = 0.03). To distinguish CVS from non‐CVS, ROC analyses demonstrated the highest sensitivity for a frequency of 4–10 episodes/12 months (p = 0.002) and a duration threshold of >2 h (p < 0.001). CVS patients reported specific episode characteristics: photophobia (p = 0.003), diaphoresis (p = 0.002), multiple emeses/hour (p = 0.001), stereotypical episodes (p = 0.008), and continued retching after gastric emptying (p = 0.008). Less than half of CVS patients met Rome IV and North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition diagnostic criteria.

Conclusions

Children with CVS display a distinctive vomiting pattern and clinical features compared to other vomiting conditions. Our findings will help improve current diagnostic criteria.
Exclusive enteral nutrition for induction of remission in pediatric Crohn's disease: Short‐ and long‐term tolerance and acceptance
Authors: Sandrine Catto , Emmanuelle Dugelay , Jérôme Viala , Christine Martinez‐Vinson
Published: December 2024

Objectives

In children with mild to moderate Crohn's disease (CD), exclusive enteral nutrition (EEN) is the first‐line treatment. However, adherence to this therapeutic strategy remains challenging because of numerous psychosocial factors. This study aimed to evaluate the short‐term acceptability and long‐term tolerance of EEN.

Methods

A single‐center retrospective study involving a pediatric population with CD was conducted at Robert‐Debré Hospital in Paris between December 2023 and March 2024.

Results

Thirty‐two patients responded to the questionnaire. developed specifically for this study. It included detailed sections on the EEN received, duration, observed consequences, difficulties encountered by patients and their families, and sociodemographic information. Twenty patients (62%) received oral treatment, while 12 (38%) required a nasogastric tube (NGT). Thirty‐eight percent of the patients prematurely discontinued treatment. Most children reported difficulties related to taste, vomiting, and discomfort caused by the NGT. Fifty‐nine percent of children would recommend treatment due to its rapid effectiveness, despite the challenges posed by the taste and exclusive nature of the diet. Thirty‐two percent of patients reported persistent eating disorders (EDs) long after treatment discontinuation, and 12.5% reported social disorders. Despite strict treatment constraints, children managed to adapt and maintain their daily activities.

Conclusion

EEN has significant benefits for children with CD; however, its acceptability is mixed owing to dietary and social constraints. Adequate dietary and psychological support is crucial for improving adherence to treatment and preventing EDs in one third of our patients after treatment.
Characteristics of OSA modified starch‐based Pickering emulsion and its application to myofibrillar protein gel
Authors: Wu Mangang , Xu Yuyu , Gu Chen , Wang Jiahao , Wang Qingling , Yin Peipei , Zhu Tianhao , Yin Qing , Zhao Xinxin , Jin Duxin , Liu Rui , Ge Qingfeng , Yu Hai
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Pickering emulsions prepared with octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified starch (OSAS) show significant promise as replacements for animal fat. However, the underlying mechanism of incorporating an OSAS‐based Pickering emulsion into a myofibrillar protein (MP) gel and its impact on the gel properties remain poorly understood. In this study, the effects of OSAS at varying concentrations (0–10.0 g kg−1) on the stability of Pickering emulsion and the resultant gel properties of MP were investigated.

RESULTS

Emulsion stability was assessed using a stability analyzer, revealing a significant enhancement with increasing OSAS concentration. Compared with MP gel, the incorporation of the OSAS‐based Pickering emulsion markedly improved the texture of the composite gels, increasing the gel hardness from 0.28 to 0.66 N. Moreover, water‐holding capacity of composite gels rose from 28.5% to 61.2%, with a notable increase in immobilized water and a decrease in mobilized water. Rheological analysis revealed that the interactions of modified starch with MP and water molecules bolstered the elastic modulus of the gels. Additionally, the presence of OSAS‐stabilized emulsions led to reduced surface hydrophobicity and sulfhydryl content of proteins in the gels, while partially inhibiting protein oxidation.

CONCLUSION

OSAS, notably at a high concentration, improved the physical stability of Pickering emulsion and the properties of MP gel. This research provides fundamental insights for the development of high‐quality emulsified meat products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Optimized and Sensitive UHPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF/HRMS Demonstrated the Dynamic Profiling of Allantoin, N‐trans‐Feruloyl‐3‐Methoxytyramine, and N‐p‐Coumaroyltyramine from Portulaca oleracea L. In Vivo in Rats
Authors: Li Kexian , Wang Wei
Published: December 2024

This study revealed the dynamic profiling of three main components of Portulaca oleracea L. in vivo in rats, namely allantoin (A), N‐trans‐feruloyl‐3‐methoxytyramine (M), and N‐p‐coumaroyltyramine (C). A sensitive and efficient UHPLC‐ESI‐Q‐TOF/HRMS, including an optimized separation process, was applied to their qualitative and quantitative analysis. The validation of the method presented the correlation coefficients, which were over 0.997. The mean matrix factors were 0.930. Recoveries ranged from 96.6% to 109.2%, and determination accuracy varied from 95% to 109.4%. The biological samples included rat plasma, liver, kidneys, bile, and excreta taken after a single oral administration of the saturated DMSO solution of P. oleracea extract. The contents of A, M, and C were of 2.5, 5.1, and 3.4 g/kg in the dry whole herb, respectively. A was identified in the liver and kidneys from 0 to 6 h. Allantoic acid, as one metabolite of A, was found to be kept in plasma for a short time, but another two successive metabolites of A remained over 6 h. It depicted a pharmacological material basis of the herb, regarded with A. The glucuronidation and/or sulfation of M and C were detected in rat bile from 0 to 12 h. The complicated but interesting metabolic schemes for A, M, and C were illustrated from their HRMS and MS/MS performance.
Column Screening and Development of HILIC and RPLC Methods Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry for the Monitoring of Albumin on Cysteine 34 Exposed to Mustard Agents
Authors: Avigo Lorenzo , Combès Audrey , Desoubries Charlotte , Albaret Christine , Bossée Anne , Joubert Emmanuel , Pichon Valérie
Published: December 2024

Adduction on protein nucleophile sites by mustard agents can be monitored to assess detection of retrospective exposure to these agents. Cysteine 34 (Cys34) on human serum albumin was selected as the target of choice. This work targets di‐ and tripeptides adducted on Cys34 by sulfur mustard, sesquimustard, and nitrogen mustards separated in hydrophilic liquid chromatography (HILIC) and Reversed–Phase (RP) mode. The effect of several mobile phase additives on the mass spectrometry (MS) and MS/MS signal and on LC retention profile was studied. A mix of ammonium acetate and acetic acid offered satisfactory results in terms of MS sensitivity. Screening of HILIC columns was performed, and ZIC‐HILIC stationary phase was selected for HILIC mode, and C18 stationary phase was used for RP analysis. Negative ionization mode leads to a higher S/N ratio compared to positive ionization mode. Adducted tripeptides were selected for the monitoring of mustard agents’ exposure, allowing better sensitivity than their dipeptide homologues. The two developed chromatographic methods have similar sensitivities with LOQs ranging from 1.9 to 20.5 ng/mL for the reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC)–ESI–(−)–MS/MS method and from 1.7 to 43.3 ng/mL for the HILIC–ESI–(−)–MS/MS method. The monitoring method should be selected based on the targeted mustard agent, and the remaining method can be a confirmation tool.
Identification and Characterization of Chemical Compounds in Compound Shougong Powder by UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MSE Combined With Multiple Data Processing Techniques
Authors: Yang Rui , Fu Xiaojie , Li Lanying , Wei Ziqi , Zhou An , Wu Huan
Published: December 2024

Compound Shougong Powder (CSP) is a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparation recognized for its efficacy in reducing swelling and relieving pain. It is primarily used clinically for the treatment of malignant tumors. However, research on the chemical compounds present in CSP remains limited. In this study, we employed ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MSE) combined with multiple data processing techniques to comprehensively characterize the chemical compounds in CSP. This included a multiple‐point screening mass defect filtering (MDF), an enhanced method based on conventional MDF and boundary theory that creates a polygonal filtering zone by connecting numerous endpoints (n ≥ 5) to filter target components. Additional techniques utilized were extracted ion chromatogram (EIC), neutral loss filtering (NLF), diagnostic fragment ion filtering (DFIF), and direct identification methods considering retention time, fragmentation behavior, and reference standards. First, UHPLC‐Q‐TOF/MSE was applied for comprehensive profiling of CSP's chemical compounds. Then, R language combined with MZmine was used for data preprocessing, enabling the construction of an ion information list to extract valid data. Eventually, through these multiple data processing techniques, a total of 116 chemical compounds in CSP were identified, including 34 flavonoids, 38 saponins, seven stilbenes, six anthraquinones, 12 organic acids, 13 terpenoids, and six others. In summary, this study elucidates the chemical composition of CSP, contributing to the discovery of potential active ingredients for CSP. Additionally, the established strategy provided a powerful guide for the chemical characterization of TCM.
Activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization and attenuates dextran sulfate sodium salt‐induced inflammatory bowel disease via the STAT‐1/STAT‐6 pathway
Authors: Xue Liang , Wu Yong‐You
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to investigate whether activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)‐induced inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) via the STAT‐1/STAT‐6 pathway in vivo and in vitro. We first examined the effect of PPARγ on macrophage polarization in LPS/IFN‐γ‐treated M1 RAW264.7 cells and IL‐4/IL‐13‐treated M2 RAW264.7 cells. Then, 40 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups: the Sham, IBD, IBD + fludarabine (FLU), IBD + IL‐4, and IBD + pioglitazone (PI) groups. The mice received 2.5% DSS in their drinking water for 7 days and then received regular water for 2 days to establish the experimental IBD murine model. The mice in the IBD + FLU, IBD + IL‐4, and IBD + PI groups were intraperitoneally injected with FLU, IL‐4, and PI, respectively, for 9 days. Clinical symptoms, intestinal barrier function, macrophage polarization, PPARγ, and the STAT‐1/STAT‐6 pathway were analyzed. Activation of PPARγ decreased M1 polarization marker expression and STAT‐1 phosphorylation and increased M2 polarization marker expression and STAT‐6 phosphorylation in RAW264.7 cells. Activation of PPARγ attenuated disease symptoms, such as weight loss, diarrhea, and bloody stool. Histological analysis revealed that PI treatment reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, restored the mucosal architecture, and improved the expression of tight junction proteins. Moreover, the activation of PPARγ decreased the expression of iNOS and increased the expression of Arg‐1, Fizz 1, and Ym 1 by inhibiting STAT‐1 phosphorylation and promoting STAT‐6 phosphorylation in mice with DSS‐induced IBD. Activation of PPARγ regulates M1/M2 macrophage polarization to attenuate DSS‐induced IBD via the STAT‐1/STAT‐6 pathway in vivo and in vitro.
The Synergistic Effect of Two Alloying Elements on the Microstructures and Properties of Zn–2.5Al–3Mg Alloys
Authors: Ma Longyue , Chen Wenxuan , Zhou Guorong , Teng Xinying , Yu Shui , Zhang Mengmeng , Sun Jin
Published: December 2024

The present study investigates the microstructure, hardness, and corrosion behavior of Zn–2.5Al–3Mg alloys with the addition of two elements (Zr–Si, Zr–Sb, and Zr–Ti). This analysis includes SEM/EDS, Brinell hardness testing, electrochemical measurements, and XPS. The SEM results indicate that the Zn–2.5Al–3Mg alloy, with added Zr and Ti elements, exhibits finer grains and a more homogeneous structure compared to the other two combinations (Zr–Si and Zr–Sb). Electrochemical analysis indicated that the Zn–2.5Al–3Mg–0.2(Zr–Ti) alloy exhibited the best corrosion resistance among all the samples tested. Furthermore, XPS identified that the corrosion products of the Zn–2.5Al–3Mg–0.2(Zr–Ti) alloy mainly consist of dense Zn5(OH)6(CO3)2, ZnAl2O4, and MgAl2O4. An exploration into the corrosion resistance mechanism of the Zn–2.5Al–3Mg–0.2(Zr–Ti) alloy showed that the dense corrosion products formed during the corrosion process gradually accumulate and fill corrosion gaps. This accumulation hinders the progression of corrosion into the metal, ultimately enhancing the alloy's corrosion resistance.
Laboratory‐Scale Free Fall Cone Penetrometer Test on Marine Clay: A Numerical Investigation Using the Generalized Interpolation Material Point Method
Authors: Mohapatra Debasis , Mohammadi Saeideh , Saresma Maarit , Virtasalo Joonas J. , Sołowski Wojciech T.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a series of laboratory free‐fall cone penetrometer (FFCP) tests conducted on marine clay samples collected from the Gulf of Finland in the Baltic Sea. Subsequently, these tests are replicated numerically with the generalized interpolation material point method (GIMP) simulations. First, the paper gives laboratory‐scale FFCP experiment results used for the validation of the numerical framework. In these experiments, a small‐scale model of a FFCP was dropped from various heights into a natural marine clay soil sample and recorded using a high‐speed camera. The tests were supplemented with a laboratory test program to determine the geotechnical properties of the clay used in the experiments. Following image processing, the tests provided data for numerical simulations: displacement, velocity, acceleration, and reaction force curves associated with the FFCP during the penetration process. The GIMP simulations shown in the paper replicate the process of penetration of the FFCP into the marine clay. The simulations used a strain‐rate dependent Tresca constitutive model, extended with strain softening that replicates the reduction of the undrained shear strength due to destructuration, an important feature of the material. The numerical simulations replicate the experiments well. The study examines the effect of cone penetrometer roughness, impact velocity, mesh density, strain rate, and strain softening on the cone penetrometer penetration process. The simulation results indicate that the presented framework can replicate the dynamic penetration process on soft and sensitive clay very well.
A Fatigue Cohesive Law‐Embedded Finite‐Discrete Element Method for Pulsed Hydraulic Fracture Simulation
Authors: Wei Xuanchun , Wang Lei , Li Yancao , Ding Jingtao , Zhang Zhennan
Published: December 2024

The pulsed hydraulic fracture (PHF) is a stimulation technique of reservoir, which can lower breakdown pressure by generating fatigue fracture. In this study, a fatigue cohesive law is proposed and embedded into the finite‐discrete element method (FDEM) to describe the fatigue failure of the interface under cyclic loading. The fatigue is assumed to result from the accumulation of plastic deformation, whose increment is related to the traction variation range of each cycle and the total plastic deformation. The proposed fatigue cohesive law is validated by the uniaxial compression and mixed‐mode three‐point bending test simulation. Then this fatigue cohesive law is embedded into a fully hydraulic–mechanical coupled FDEM to simulate the PHF. The influence of loading scheme, flow rate, frequency, viscosity and natural fracture density on PHF behaviors is discussed. The results suggest that both the pressure‐ and injection rate–controlled PHF can reduce the breakdown pressure. The flow rate, frequency, and viscosity have a great impact on the performance of PHF. The natural fractures surrounding a hydraulic fracture (HF) can be gradually activated under cyclic injection. The activated natural fractures contribute to the complicated HF network. These results indicate that the proposed fatigue cohesive model can effectively simulate the fatigue fracture of rock and HF propagation under cyclic injection.
Accelerated Non‐linear Stability Analysis Based on Predictions From Data‐Based Surrogate Models
Authors: Strauß Anika , Kneifl Jonas , Tkachuk Anton , Fehr Jörg , Bischoff Manfred
Published: December 2024

In many applications in computer‐aided engineering, like parametric studies, structural optimization, or virtual material design, a large number of almost similar models must be simulated. Although the individual scenarios may differ only marginally in both space and time, the same amount of effort is invested in each new simulation, without taking into account the experience and knowledge gained in previous simulations. Therefore, we have developed a method that combines data‐based Model Order Reduction (MOR) and reanalysis, exploiting knowledge from previous simulation runs to accelerate computations in multi‐query contexts. While MOR allows reducing model fidelity in space and time without significantly deteriorating accuracy, reanalysis uses results from previous computations as a predictor or preconditioner. In particular, this method enables acceleration of the exact computation of critical points, such as limit and bifurcation points, by the method of extended systems for systems that depend on a set of design parameters, such as material or geometric properties. Such critical points are of utmost engineering significance due to the special characteristics of the structural behavior in their vicinity. Conventional reanalysis methods, like the fold line analysis, can be used to accelerate the computation of critical points of almost similar systems but are limited in their applicability. For the fold line analysis, only small parameter variations are possible as the algorithm may not converge to the correct solution or fail to converge elsewise. Moreover, this method is only suited to finding the first critical points of limit point problems. In contrast to that, our developed data‐based “reduced model reanalysis” method overcomes these problems. Thus, a larger parameter space can be covered. The efficiency of this method is demonstrated for a couple of numerical examples, including standard and isogeometric finite element models.
Human Papilloma Virus Infection and Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma Recurrence: A Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Alqudrah Fayssal , Kota Sharwani , Morgan Jason , Purnell Phillip R. , McCormick Justin P.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Prior studies have been contradictory on the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) recurrence. This systematic review and meta‐analysis was performed to further evaluate this potential association.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Scopus electronic databases.

Review Methods

Case‐control studies reporting SNIP recurrence data and HPV status identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and in‐situ hybridization (ISH). Meta‐analysis was performed to determine pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Results

25 studies were identified including a total of 1116 benign SNIP tumors. A total of 267 SNIP were HPV+, 103 of which were recurrent, and 849 SNIP were HPV−, with 231 being recurrent. The pooled standard OR for recurrence in HPV+ tumors was 2.05 (95% CI: 1.31‐3.19). Stratification by low‐risk and high‐risk HPV subtypes were not statistically significant. The standard OR for SNIP recurrence in low‐risk and high‐risk HPV+ subtypes were 1.57 (95% CI: 0.98‐2.54) and 1.67 (95% CI: 0.98‐2.80), respectively.

Conclusion

Infection with HPV may be associated with an increased risk of SNIP recurrence. This increased risk seems to be independent of HPV subtype based on low‐risk or high‐risk status. However, this correlation was variable among recently published studies requiring additional investigation.
Recycling of Krylov Subspaces in the Simulation of Nonlinear Dynamic Systems
Authors: Stellmach Laurenz , Nitzschke Steffen , Woschke Elmar
Published: December 2024

The paper deals with the implementation of a Krylov subspace recycling method into the solution of a nonlinear system of equations that arises during the time integration of the equations of motion of a hydrodynamically supported rotor system. The recycling BiCGStab algorithm is used in order to speed up the calculation. Different methods for generating the necessary subspace are pointed out. Additionally, a new method for the approximate determination of the subspace is presented and discussed in the context of the numerical effort and usability w.r.t. the established methods.
Assessment of Barriers and Enablers for Implementing a Population‐Based Childhood Cancer Registry in Chennai, India
Authors: Radhakrishnan Venkatraman , Jothi Ayswarya , Mary Riya , Veeraiah Surendran , Sudhakar Revathy , Selvam Punitha , Kothandan Balaji Thiruvengadam , Santana Victor , Steliarova‐Foucher Eva , Bhakta Nickhill , Rajaraman Swaminathan
Published: December 2024

Background

Despite most childhood cancer cases being diagnosed in low‐ and middle‐income countries, there is a significant deficit of population‐based childhood cancer registries (PBCCRs) in these regions. To address this critical gap, we established India's first dedicated PBCCR in Chennai on October 4, 2022, covering children aged 0–19. This study aims to identify the barriers and enablers to implementing the Chennai PBCCR.

Procedure

Between April 2023 and March 2024, a sequential explanatory mixed‐method study was conducted across 10 of the 16 centers in Chennai that agreed to support the PBCCR. A total of 25 professionals agreed to participate in the quantitative phase utilizing a structured questionnaire. For the qualitative phase, in‐depth interviews were conducted with 23 participants, including 16 from the quantitative phase, two stakeholders, and five caregivers. The interview guide was constructed, and the responses were analyzed using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research.

Results

Themes from the qualitative analysis revealed technological constraints, poor record‐keeping, insufficient details captured in case records, and inadequate human resources as impediments. At the same time, factors such as knowledge, belief in sharing high‐resolution data, the requirement and advantages of implementing a childhood cancer registry, professional self‐efficacy, work infrastructure, and collaborative networks emerged as facilitators to the successful implementation of PBCCR.

Conclusion

Our experience and the findings of this study serve as a model for successfully implementing and operating PBCCRs in India and other countries. Registry data are vital to improving the understanding of childhood cancer burden and offer hope to children and their families.
Exploring the Indoor Plant–People Relationship Through Qualitative Responses
Authors: Le Busque B. , Litchfield C. , Shaw C. L.
Published: December 2024

Humans have a long‐standing relationship with the natural world, particularly in how they engage with plants—referred to as people–plant relationships. While plants naturally live outdoors, people have been including them inside built environments for centuries. Although the benefits of indoor plants are well documented in research, there is limited exploration of individuals' subjective relationships with their indoor plants. To address this gap, we examined the perceived benefits of owning indoor plants and how people describe their relationships with them through open‐ended qualitative survey items. Data were collected from 115 indoor plant owners in Australia, and the qualitative responses were analyzed using a combination of thematic analysis and qualitative segmentation. On average, participants owned 15 indoor plants and in total participants identified 11 benefits. The most common being decorative and aesthetic value, improved air quality, and calming effects. Participants fell into one of four types of relationships with their indoor plants: highly connected, engaged, limited engagement, and no relationship. This qualitative segmentation approach allowed us to achieve a key goal of exploratory qualitative research—providing new insights to inform future quantitative studies. Given that we found that not all indoor plant–people relationships are equal, and that people have varying levels of connection to their plants, future research should explore these relationship types using quantitative methods.
PVDF‐HFP/PI‐SiO2 composite sandwich separators for lithium‐ion batteries: Fabrication and post‐processing
Authors: Parsaei Solmaz , Zebarjad Seyed Mojtaba , Moghim Mohammad Hadi
Published: December 2024

PVDF‐HFP/PI‐SiO2 three‐layer sandwich separators of lithium‐ion battery were fabricated by electrospinning and post‐processing. PI‐SiO2 composite side layers were electrospun with 5, 10, and 15 wt% SiO2, while PVDF‐HFP was used as the middle layer. Then, mechanical/thermal post‐processing was applied on electrospun sandwich separators. Results showed that the addition of SiO2 reduced fibers diameter, increased wettability, and improved mechanical strength of the PVDF‐HFP/PI separator. The separator with 10% SiO2 has shown the highest tensile strength (21.1 MPa) and puncture strength (1.573 KgF). Differential scanning calorimetric, thermo‐gravimetric analysis, thermal shrinkage, and flammability results showed that PI‐SiO2/PVDF‐HFP/PI‐SiO2 separators had excellent thermal stability with respect to PP separator, while these properties were improved with SiO2 content. The fabricated sandwich separators had high air permeability and volumetric porosity of more than 63%. The discharge capacity of PI‐SiO2/PVDF‐HFP/PI‐SiO2 was enhanced at high current densities, as it was improved from 117 to 125 mAh/mg at the discharge rate of 2C, by increasing the percentage of SiO2 from 0 to 15 (wt%).

Highlights

Tensile strength was improved more than 500% by applying post‐processing.

SiO2 reduced fibers diameter, and improved wettability and mechanical strength.

Capacity was improved from 117 to 125 mAh/mg at the rate of 2C with SiO2.

Fabricated separators had ignition resistance compared to commercial separators.
Multi‐objective optimization of coaxial cables with foamed LDPE/HDPE dielectric layers: Correlating process parameters with foam structure and impact on piezoelectric and electrical properties
Authors: Rostami Milad , Daryadel Mahsa , Azdast Taher , Moradian Milad , Feizlou Nima
Published: December 2024

Polymeric foams are one of the new candidates for use in the dielectric layer of coaxial cables to improve their piezoelectric and electrical properties. These properties are affected by the structural properties, which depend on material and processing parameters. In this research study, first, the effect of cell size, cell density, and expansion ratio was theoretically studied on the piezoelectric and electrical properties. Then the effect of talc content, processing temperature, and cooling method was investigated on the structural, piezoelectric, and electrical properties of the produced coaxial cables. The examinations revealed that the increase in cell size, cell density, and expansion ratio increases the piezoelectric coefficient and velocity of propagation and decreases attenuation. According to the analysis of variance results, the talc content parameter was the most effective parameter on cell size, cell density, and piezoelectric coefficient with the contribution of 72%, 83%, and 69%, respectively. Also, the processing temperature parameter was the most effective parameter on the expansion ratio and electrical properties with the contribution of 42%, and 41%, respectively. Finally, the produced sample with talc content of 2 wt%, processing temperature of 125°C, and cooling method by water was introduced as the optimum sample by the multi‐objective optimization.

Highlights

Production of foamed dielectric layers in extrusion process of coaxial cables.

Effect of cell structure on piezoelectric and electrical properties.

Effect of process on structural, piezoelectric and electrical properties.

Optimization of structural, piezoelectric, and electrical properties.

Optimum conditions: 2 wt% of talc, temperature of 125°C, and water cooling.
Polyhydroxyalkanoate biopolyesters as extracellular matrix scaffolds by 3D printing technology
Authors: Panaksri Anuchan , Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol
Published: December 2024

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are biocompatible and biodegradable polyesters synthesized from biomass resources by various microbes in appropriate growth conditions as intracellular energy storage. PHAs have great biocompatibility, low immunological response, bioresorption, non‐toxic degradation products and possibly resilient cell adhesion properties. Their mechanical characteristics can be modified to fit numerous tissues ranging from very soft (skin) to hard (bone). Multiple approaches have been used to create well‐defined architectures with the best characteristics for processing as medical devices and biomedical application tools. The implementation of PHAs into medical devices as new functional materials with advanced 3D printing techniques has been described. Additionally, new challenges in improving PHA‐based bioinks for creating scaffolds with enhanced biodegradation control suitable for tissue regeneration are also elucidated in this review. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Direct Nitrogen Fixation in Air Over Soil Using Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma for Enhanced Plant Growth
Authors: Shu Jiawang , Xu Xueqin , Cheng Hong , Cui Yinghui , Ni Jiupai , Ni Chengsheng
Published: December 2024

Artificial nitrogen fixation through high‐voltage discharging using renewable energy sources could be a controllable and sustainable path to feed the increasing global population. In this research, soil, as a carrier and catalyst, was filled between the electrodes of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma to accelerate nitrate nitrogen (NO3–‐N) production from the ambient air at atmospheric pressure. DBD plasma could increase the NO3–‐N content in soil up to 80 mg kg‐1 in either yellow or red soils within 20 s. The minerals of transition metals in soil were important for the synthesis of NO3–‐N. Precipitated NO3–‐N in the red or yellow soil promoted water spinach's biomass and N uptake.
Discharge and Gas Parameters Optimization for Toluene Degradation in a Perpendicular Magnetic Field‐Assisted Dielectric Barrier Discharge Reactor
Authors: Qin Liang , Jiang Nan , Sun Yun , Zhang Shuai , Sheng Zunrong , Li Jie
Published: December 2024

In this study, we employed a nanosecond‐pulsed gear‐cylinder dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) assisted by a perpendicular magnetic field (MF) for toluene degradation. The effects of key discharge and gas parameters, as well as their optimal combinations with the perpendicular MF, on toluene degradation were systematically investigated. The results indicated that the maximum toluene degradation efficiency was achieved under conditions of short pulse rising times and widths, low gas flow velocities, and minimal oxygen concentrations. This optimal performance was attributed to three main factors: high mean electron energy, the generation of appropriate active oxygen species, and an extended residence time for plasma‐toluene molecule interactions. Furthermore, by meticulously adjusting the operational parameters, augmenting the number of magnetized energetic electrons in the perpendicular MF, and intensifying the ionization process, we observed a notable enhancement in both discharge intensity and toluene degradation efficiency.
Plasma Polymerization of Pentane and Hexane for Antibacterial and Biocompatible Thin Films
Authors: Štěpánková Kateřina , Müllerová Markéta , Žídek Štěpán , Pištěková Hana , Urbánek Pavel , Sťahel Pavel , Trunec David , Popelka Anton , Kallingal Nithusha , Mozetič Miran , Lehocky Marian
Published: December 2024

Antibacterial polymeric coatings are deposited on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films through atmospheric pressure plasma polymerization with pentane and hexane monomers. The process uses surface dielectric barrier discharge in nitrogen. XPS analysis reveals the formation of carbon‐ and nitrogen‐containing films with oxygen incorporation from ambient air. Alkyl, hydroxyl, and amine groups contribute to the coatings' superhydrophilic properties post‐treatment. Coating thickness varies with the monomer flow rate, with pentane yielding thicker coatings than hexane under identical conditions and deposition increasing linearly with the flow rate. Treated PET films show strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia coli, demonstrating plasma polymerization's potential in biomedical applications. Cytotoxicity, evaluated using the MTS assay, confirms biocompatibility.
Effect and Compensation of Polarization‐Dependent Loss in Free‐Space Reference Frame Independent Quantum Key Distribution
Authors: Lim Kyongchun , Choi Byung‐Seok , Baek Ju Hee , Kim Minchul , Choe Joong‐Seon , Kim Kap‐Joong , Kim Dong Churl , Oh Junsang , Youn Chun Ju
Published: December 2024

Polarization‐dependent loss (PDL) poses a critical challenge in implementing free‐space quantum key distribution (QKD) systems. This study investigated the theoretical and experimental impact of PDL on polarization‐encoded qubits and experimentally demonstrated a method to mitigate these effects. The proposed compensation method could effectively restore the integrity of polarization states, enhancing the robustness and security of QKD systems. Specifically, a secret key rate of 94.01% could be recovered with 5 dB PDL. This study contributes to advancing scalable and secure quantum communication technologies by addressing the critical issue of PDL in QKD systems.
Neural‐Network‐Based Adaptive Control of Time‐Delayed Non‐Linear Cyber‐Physical Systems With Power Uncertainty Against Deception Attacks
Authors: Liang Jiakang , Yang Yadong , Zhu Jiyu , Shen Qikun
Published: December 2024

At this job, the adaptive control problem is investigated for a class of non‐linear cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), where the CPSs considered are not only subject to deception attacks and time delay, but also contain uncertain input powers. The deception attacks result in the actual values of the system state being unavailable and control gains being unknown. On the basis of the theory of Lyapunov stability, a new adaptive neural‐networks‐based control scheme is designed to guarantee the stability of the closed‐loop system and mitigate the impact of deception attacks. Compared with the existing works in literature, (1) the input powers of the CPSs considered in this article are unknown and new controllers are constructed based on the neural network approximation technique; (2) the influence of unknown time delay is eliminated by using a novel Lyapunov–Krasovskii function. Furthermore, in order to address unknown gains caused by deception attacks, the Nussbaum gain technique is firstly extended to the CPSs with power uncertainties. Finally, the simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the control strategy presented in this work.
Synthesis, Docking and Rho Kinase Inhibition of Novel Piperazine‐7‐Deazapurine Based Imidazolidone Derivatives
Authors: Thoota Sandeep Kumar , Maddila Suresh , Pindiprolu Sai Kiran S. S. , Kohli Sukhmeen Kaur , Reddy Sujith Reddy , Matsa Sunil Kumar , Jonnalagadda Sreekantha B.
Published: December 2024

A new series of (Z)‐2‐(4‐(7H‐pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐yl)piperazin‐1‐yl)‐5‐(benzylidene)‐1,5‐dihydro‐4H‐imidazol‐4‐ones (5a−t) has been synthesized via a seven‐step pathway with various substituted benzaldehydes yielding various derivatives as ROCK inhibitors. 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS spectral analysis were used to describe all the novel target compounds. We examined the effects of various aromatic substitutions on the inhibition of ROCK‐I & ROCK‐II using molecular modeling analysis. Although molecular docking revealed a range of binding affinities, a majority of the synthesized compounds demonstrated low inhibitory activities (pIC50 < 6.0), with no significant improvement over CCT129254 (4). This investigation highlights the complexities in developing potent and selective ROCK inhibitors and lays the groundwork for future enhancements in cancer therapeutics.
Highly Effective Photocatalytic Removal of Astrazon Blue, Allura Red, and Brilliant Blue Dyes From Aqueous Media Using a Stable Zr(IV)‐Based Metal–Organic Frameworks
Authors: Özcan Elif , Altun Ayhan , Zorlu Yunus
Published: December 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have drawn considerable attention as promising photocatalysts due to their stability, reusability, tunability, and post‐reaction separation capabilities. This study investigates the potential of UiO‐66‐NDC as a photocatalyst for the degradation of astrazon blue (AB), allura red (AR), and brilliant blue (BB) dyes. UiO‐66‐NDC was synthesized using a solvothermal method and characterized by PXRD, SEM, UV‐DRS, FTIR, and zeta potential measurements. The photocatalytic activity of UiO‐66‐NDC revealed the degradation rates of 96% for AB within 45 min, 94% for BB within 90 min, and 91% for AB within 120 min at an optimal catalyst concentration of 300 mg/L. UiO‐66‐NDC demonstrated remarkable reusability over five consecutive cycles and maintained high degradation efficiency even at a high initial dye concentration of 20 mg/L with removal rates of 88% for AR, 85% for BB, and 81% for AB in the fifth cycle. A plausible photocatalytic mechanism has been proposed through trapping experiments of active species, identifying the reactive oxygen species as •OH radicals, enhancing the understanding of photocatalytic degradation. This study highlights the practical applicability of UiO‐66‐NDC in environmental remediation, emphasizing its potential as an efficient photocatalyst for the removal of various dyes from wastewater and industrial effluents.
Regulated Crystallization Through Intermolecular Interactions Bridging for Efficient Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Yuan Chengjian , Wang Junfang , Yang Yuqian , Ma Xiaolan , Zhao Zhenzhu , Sun Mulin , Xu Hao , Pan Yongle , Hu Juntao , Mao Kaitian , Li Yu , Ding Honghe , Luo Deying , Yang Yingguo , Zhu Junfa , Abate Antonio , Xu Jixian , Lu Zhenghong , Meng Xiangyue , Jen Alex K‐Y , Hu Qin
Published: December 2024

Tin halide perovskite (THP) has emerged as a promising lead‐free material for high‐performance solar cells, attracting significant attention for their potential use for energy conversion. However, the rapid crystallization of THP due to its high Lewis acidity and easy oxidation of Sn2+ leads to poor morphology and rampant defects in the resulting perovskite films. These strongly hamper the advances in efficiency and stability in THP solar cells. Herein, a comprehensive crystallization regulation strategy is demonstrated by introducing methyl carbazate (C2H6N2O2, MeC) to regulate the crystallization kinetics of perovskite through inter‐molecular interactions. The coordination bonds (O…Sn) and hydrogen bonds (N─H…O) between MeC and perovskite bridge the perovskite lattice together, helping suppress the oxidation of Sn2+, meanwhile, restraining the fast crystallization of perovskite in the precursor solution, by enhancing nucleation sites. More importantly, the connection by MeC can reduce the deep‐level trap state defect density, significantly restraining non‐radiative recombination and improving the carrier lifetime. Consequently, this facile strategy offers valuable insights into THP crystallization kinetics and allows an enhanced high power conversion efficiency from 10.43% to 14.02% to be achieved with good stability.