bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accuracy Analysis on Solution of Initial Value Problems of Ordinary Differential Equations for Some Numerical Methods with Different Step Sizes
Authors: Arefin Mohammad Asif , Gain Biswajit , Karim Rezaul
Published: March 2021

In this article, three numerical methods namely Euler’s, Modified Euler, and Runge-Kutta method have been discussed, to solve the initial value problem of ordinary differential equations. The main goal of this research paper is to find out the accurate results of the initial value problem (IVP) of ordinary differential equations (ODE) by applying the proposed methods. To achieve this goal, solutions of some IVPs of ODEs have been done with the different step sizes by using the proposed three methods, and solutions for each step size are analyzed very sharply. To ensure the accuracy of the proposed methods and to determine the accurate results, numerical solutions are compared with the exact solutions. It is observed that numerical solutions are best fitted with exact solutions when the taken step size is very much small. Consequently, all the proposed three methods are quite efficient and accurate for solving the IVPs of ODEs. Error estimation plays a significant role in the establishment of a comparison among the proposed three methods. On the subject of accuracy and efficiency, comparison is successfully implemented among the proposed three methods.
Development of ecological culture of an individual in a multicultural environment.
Authors:   Moscow Region State University (Mytishchi)., Evstafyeva Natalia , Wagner Irina ,   Institute of Study of Childhood, Family and Education  of the Russian Academy of Education (Moscow)., Grishaeva Yulia ,   Moscow Region State University (Mytishchi).
Published: March 2021

The article deals with methodological aspects of the development of ecological culture of schoolchildren in a multicultural educational environment. The authors identify two acute problems in modern society – multiculturalism and ecology. The Russian Federation is a multicultural country. Multicultural education is aimed at preserving the diversity of Russian society, carries the potential and tool for protecting ethnic and national communities in a multi-ethnic Russia, promotes the integration of all territorial-economic, political and national-cultural communities into a single Russian nation, allows a person to adapt to a multicultural world, helps a person understand himself and the people around him and promote the social role of a cultural person in society. The authors consider the relationship between multiculturalism and ethnopedagogy, identify the main pedagogical approaches and principles of development of multicultural education. The article notes the importance of integration of two significant areas in education and in the world - ethnology and ecology. Together they make an ethno-cultural module and an eco-cultural module which form the values for the society sustainable development. The possibility of using the technology of project activity through the implementation of ethno-ecological projects of students is considered. The authors note that ethnoecological projects on the dominant activity of students can be of different directions: research, educational, creative or practical ones. The most effective way to work on projects is through the implementation of a system of eco-oriented multicultural project weeks. Authors pay an important attention to the projects aimed at studying the ethnoecological traditions of the native land, the peculiarities of its geography, climate, natural landscape, flora and fauna, reflected in folklore, folk crafts, cults, rituals, holidays, legends, myths, etc.
Psychological and pedagogical problems of digitalization of Russian education
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University (Surgut), Stepanova Galina , Demchuk Anastasia ,   Surgut State University (Surgut), Arpentieva Mariam ,   Center for psychological, pedagogical, medical  and social assistance «Assistance» (Kaluga)
Published: March 2021

E-learning, its technologies, programs and devices used in the learning process bring important changes to traditionally existing models of education. They set the transformation of the framework of education: prohibitions and restrictions, prescriptions and recommendations. However, new technologies and devices, introducing new technological and communication capabilities, one way or another, but inherit many features of the old, and even more so, do not cancel these - old technologies, devices and their individual features. Purpose of the study: understanding the problems of the development of Russian education in the context of its digitalization, the role of digitalization of education in the development of industry and science. The research method is a systematic theoretical analysis of the psychological and pedagogical aspects of digitalization of Russian education. Research results. There is an urgent need to critically assess current technological (including digital) developments and teaching methods (big data, algorithms, smart learning), related pedagogical and anthropological (human) concepts, and theoretical problems facing educational research and modern education theory. The task of education in Russia can be set as the task of restoring the best from what was lost and enriching with new contents and forms, including the development of a methodology for attracting digital resources into the educational process. It is also important to solve not only the problems of social accessibility, but also the problems that block a person's access to education at the level of his own prohibitions on development and individuation inherent in mass culture.
Practices and forms of organization of inter-subject educational process at school
Authors:   Lyceum №4 in the town of Dmitrov (Dmitrov), Malinnikova Tatyana
Published: March 2021

The article examines the actual problem of the discrepancy between, on the one hand, the society's demand for the formation of functional literacy among schoolchildren through cross-subject training for the successful adaptation of school graduates in a complex world, and, on the other hand, the insufficiently developed practice of cross-subject training in general education organizations. In accordance with the identified problem, the purpose of the research proposed in the article is to substantiate the methodological approach to the organization of cross-subject training for the formation of functional literacy of students in schools of general education institutions and its testing on the example of cross-subject tasks. The research was based on a systematic approach that allowed authors to imagine the formation of functional literacy based on cross-subject learning with the performance of certain functions and on the basis of the most suitable forms of organization of the educational process for these tasks. The novelty and peculiarity of current solutions are the development of organizational forms of cross-subject training with reference to functional literacy and using such forms of training organization as project-based training, case-based training, and problem-oriented training. The authors' experience in the development and use of cross-subject tasks is described, and examples of problems that the author's developments are aimed at solving are given. The article also offers a description of the experience in using project-based learning, problem-based learning, and the case study method in developing and solving cross-subject tasks for students. The results of the study may be useful for representatives of general education organizations that implement different forms of functional literacy training using cross-subject tasks.
The technology of rating assessment of primary schoolchildren in conditions of level differentiation and blended learning
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov (Ulyanovsk)., Mishina Alevtina , Vorozhetsova Victoria ,   Governor's Lyceum № 101 at the UlSPU im. I.N. Ulyanov (Ulyanovsk), Antonova Antonina ,   Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov (Ulyanovsk)
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the analysis of the rating assessment of the activity of a primary school student. The article analyzes modern systems for assessing the student's educational activity, identifies the advantages and disadvantages of the five-point control system. The transition from an evaluation-free system to an evaluation system is described in detail. The rating assessment technology was tested in a number of schools in Ulyanovsk (8 schools) and in the Ulyanovsk region (4 schools). The schoolchildren participating in the experiment were trained in classes of the same age, but according to different educational and methodological complexes. The breadth of the experimental base helped to test the effectiveness of our chosen approach to assessing primary school students. In addition, a survey was conducted of 20 primary school teachers regarding their viewpoint to the assessment system. Based on the survey, the authors revealed characteristic features of the rating control system and described in detail its advantages and disadvantages, as well as the prospects for use in primary grades. A pedagogical experiment has shown that the use of a rating assessment reduces psychological stress before assessment, which contributes to a more successful assimilation of curricula by students, an increase in the level of their knowledge, abilities and skills. The use of a rating assessment develops the logical creativity, thinking of the child, increases his interest in learning, and contributes to the development of his outlook. In addition to the obvious advantages, the rating control system has disadvantages. The survey participants emphasized that the shortcomings of the rating system for assessing the learning activity of primary school students are the lack of didactic material, as well as low stimulation of active learning activity throughout the school time. To overcome this shortcoming of the rating control system, it is advisable to use, together with rating assessment, personal-comparative pre-rating, aimed at fixing the dynamics of the student's personal development. In addition, the article discusses the features of the application of the rating assessment technology in the conditions of level differentiation and blended learning of younger students.
Methodical training of the future teachers of physics for the organization of project activities for
Authors:   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University (Chelyabinsk), Moklyak Denis
Published: March 2021

The article deals with methodical training of future teachers for the organization of project activities of schoolchildren in physics It goes through the concept of "readiness" as multi-level psychological and pedagogical condition characterized by the performance of certain work tasks and specific activities while performing job functions, The purpose of the article is to consider the methodological preparation of future teachers for organizing project activities of schoolchildren in physics as a productive educational process, considering the ideas of pedagogical activity in Higher Education. This method is aimed at increasing the level of success in the professional activity of the graduates of a pedagogical university who will be able to perform their direct duties in accordance with The Professional Standards of a Teacher, use the acquired knowledge, experience and personal qualities in performing professional functions, including the organization of project activities of schoolchildren in teaching physics. The empirical basis of the article is the data of a study conducted in 2019-2020 in the framework of advanced training of physics teachers in the Chelyabinsk region and training of undergraduate students of the South Ural State Humanitarian and Pedagogical University (Chelyabinsk). Research results: 1. The article considers the relationship between the concepts of «readiness» and "methodological training of a future teacher to organize project activities of students in physics". It as well shows the relationship between the professional standard and competencies formed within the framework of training bachelor students in the field of teacher training education. 2. The article shows the key characteristics of the methodological preparation of future teachers for the organization of project activities of students in physics from the perspective of productive training and technology of project activities.
Estimation of sediment thickness by solving Poisson's equation with bedrock outcrops as boundary conditions
Authors: Kitterød Nils-Otto , Leblois Étienne
Published: March 2021

Sediment thickness and bedrock topography are vital for the terrestrial hydrosphere. In this study, we estimated sediment thickness by using information from digital elevation models, geological maps, and public databases. We discuss two different approaches: First, the horizontal distances to the nearest bedrock outcrop were used as a secondary function in kriging and cokriging. Second, we applied Poisson's equation to estimate the local trend of the sediment thickness where bedrock outcrops were used as boundary conditions. Differences between point observations and the parabolic surface from Poisson's equation were minimized by inverse modelling. Ordinary kriging was applied to the residuals. These two approaches were evaluated with data from the Øvre Eiker, Norway. Estimates derived from Poisson's equation gave the smallest mean absolute error, and larger soil depths were reproduced better if the local trend was included in the estimation procedure. An independent cross-validation was undertaken. The results showed the best accuracy and precision for kriging on the residuals from Poisson's equation. Solutions of Poisson's equation are sensitive to the boundary conditions, which in this case were locations of the bedrock outcrops. Bedrock outcrops are available for direct observations; hence, the quality of the estimates can be improved by updating input from high-resolution mapping.
Effects of sea level rise on salinity and tidal flooding patterns in the Guadiana Estuary
Authors: Mills Lara , Janeiro João , Martins Flávio
Published: March 2021

Sea level rise is a worldwide concern as a high percentage of the population is located in coastal areas. The focus of this study is the impact of sea level rise in the Guadiana Estuary, an estuary in the Iberian Peninsula formed at the interface of the Guadiana River and the Gulf of Cadiz. Estuaries will be impacted by sea level rise as these transitional environments host highly diverse and complex marine ecosystems. The major consequences of sea level rise are the intrusion of salt from the sea into fresh water and an increase in flooding area. As the physical, chemical, and biological components of estuaries are sensitive to changes in salinity, the purpose of this study is to further evaluate salt intrusion in the Guadiana Estuary caused by sea level rise. Hydrodynamics of the Guadiana Estuary were simulated in a two-dimensional numerical model with the MOHID water modeling system. A previously developed hydrodynamic model was implemented to further examine changes in salinity distribution in the estuary in response to sea level rise. Varying tidal amplitudes, freshwater discharge from the Guadiana River and bathymetries of the estuary were incorporated in the model to fully evaluate the impacts of sea level rise on salinity distribution and flooding areas of the estuary. Results show an overall increase in salinity and land inundation in the estuary in response to sea level rise.
Hybrid modeling and prediction of oyster norovirus outbreaks
Authors: Chenar Shima Shamkhali , Deng Zhiqiang
Published: March 2021

This paper presents a hybrid model for predicting oyster norovirus outbreaks by combining the Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) methods and using the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite remote-sensing data. Specifically, 10 years (2007–2016) of cloud-free MODIS Aqua data for water leaving reflectance and environmental data were extracted from the center of each oyster harvest area. Then, the PCA was utilized to compress the size of the MODIS Aqua data. An ANN model was trained using the first 4 years of the data from 2007 to 2010 and validated using the additional 6 years of independent datasets collected from 2011 to 2016. Results indicated that the hybrid PCA-ANN model was capable of reproducing the 10 years of historical oyster norovirus outbreaks along the Northern Gulf of Mexico coast with a sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 99.9%, respectively, demonstrating the efficacy of the hybrid model.
Irrigation management strategies through the combination of fresh water and desalinated sea water for banana crops in El Hierro, Canary Islands
Authors: Álvarez-Méndez Sergio J. , Padrón-Armas Isidro , Mahouachi Jalel
Published: March 2021

The current lack of natural water resources, mainly due to the absence of sufficient precipitation and the deterioration of irrigation water (IW) quality, urgently requires a search for alternative resources, especially in arid and semiarid areas. Desalination of sea water is well established in numerous regions where water is scarce. To investigate the effects of the combination of regular fresh water and desalinated sea water (DSW) on mineral nutrient changes in crops, an experimental system based on Musa acuminata AAA plants was performed in Frontera (El Hierro, Canary Islands). Data showed that banana crops irrigated with a mixture of fresh water and DSW exhibited an adequate nutritional status and did not suffer any injuries of salt ions (Na+ and Cl−) or B toxicity. Moreover, plants may tolerate higher concentrations of these elements and a major supply of the other essential micronutrients. The obtained results suggest that irrigating crops with a combination of fresh water and DSW is a good strategy to respond to the high water requirements, at least under the tested experimental conditions. This strategy could be very helpful in arid regions, as well as in other areas where precipitation is seasonal and scarce, like the Mediterranean or the Canaries.
PESQUISA NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Silva Ana Lidia Lemes de Assunção , Cordeiro Ana Luisa Alves
Published: March 2021

Este trabalho aborda uma experiência em estágio de docência na graduação em Pedagogia de uma mestranda do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso. Objetivou-se, neste texto, descrever e analisar a experiência vivenciada no estágio de docência junto à disciplina “Pesquisa na Educação”. O estágio de docência na graduação é uma atividade complementar à formação do/a pós-graduando/a sendo obrigatório aos/às estudantes contemplados/as pelas bolsas de estudos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES). Verificou-se que para a estagiária a experiência no estágio de docência foi bastante positiva. Conclui-se que para além da obrigatoriedade o estágio prepara o/a pós-graduando/a para a docência na educação superior; essa vivência contribui para reflexões do fazer docente, sobre o que é necessário para a formação do/a graduando/a e o que é essencial para ser professor/a.
FORMAÇÃO PARA A DOCÊNCIA NA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E DA SAÚDE
Authors: Alves de Oliveira Gislaine , Marques Ribeiro Maria Flavia
Published: March 2021

No Brasil, o exercício da docência no Ensino Superior requer uma preparação feita, preferencialmente, em programas de pós-graduação (PPGs) stricto sensu, segundo a legislação vigente, não havendo indicação sobre a formação pedagógica destes docentes. Assim, vários bacharéis se preparam para a docência do Ensino Superior exclusivamente em PPGs, como é o caso de muitos docentes ligados às Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde. O objetivo deste trabalho foi verificar, por meio de questionário eletrônico, as opiniões dos alunos, docentes e coordenadores dos PPGs destas áreas sobre a formação pedagógica dos seus docentes e dos pós-graduandos. De maneira geral, a comunidade acadêmica dos PPGs em Ciências da Saúde avalia melhor seus processos de formação para a docência do que os respondentes vinculados aos PPGs em Ciências Biológicas e, em ambos os casos, a formação para a pesquisa é avaliada mais positivamente que a formação para a docência. Além disso, os pós-graduandos das Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde avaliam a atuação dos seus professores mais negativamente que os próprios docentes e coordenadores, sendo esta avaliação progressivamente mais negativa ao longo da pós‑graduação. O conjunto de resultados sugere que nestes PPGs e, provavelmente, em outros compostos majoritariamente por bacharéis, a formação para a docência requer mais atenção por parte dos próprios PPGs, instituições a que estão vinculados e dos órgãos de fomento e regulação do país.
A TRANSMISSÃO DOS CONHECIMENTOS PRODUZIDOS POR PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO INTERDISCIPLINARES
Authors: Wille de Aguiar Rafaela , Duarte Freitas Maria do Carmo
Published: March 2021

O artigo aborda a transmissão de conhecimentos realizada por Programas de Pós-Graduação da área Interdisciplinar e tem como objetivo identificar os meios de transmissão utilizados por eles. Para esse fim, aplicou-se um questionário como uma amostra não probabilística de 59 docentes membros de Programas de Pós-Graduação da área Interdisciplinar e as respostas foram analisadas utilizando-se de estatística descritiva e análise de conteúdo. Identificou-se que os conhecimentos científicos são aqueles indicados pelos respondentes como de maior importância e de maior grau de transmissão. Ademais, oito meios de transmissão foram indicados por mais da metade dos respondentes como com grau de utilização “Alto” ou “Muito Alto”, são eles: “Revistas Científicas”; “Projetos de Pesquisa”; “Dissertações e Teses”; “Grupos de Estudos/Discussão”; “Sites Institucionais”; “Eventos Extensionistas”; “Conversas Formais”; “Materiais Didáticos”. Apesar disso, somente os dois primeiros meios são constantes em quatro dos públicos considerados (“Comunidade Acadêmica Docente”, “Comunidade Acadêmica Discente”, “Comunidade Científica”, “Membros Internos ao PPG”), sendo que nos dois públicos restantes (“Mercado de Trabalho” e “Sociedade em geral”) não foram identificados meios de transmissão que se sobressaíssem. Finalmente, considera-se existe, com base na amostra pesquisada, fragilidade na transmissão dos conhecimentos para os públicos “Mercado de Trabalho” e “Sociedade em geral” e sugere-se que estudos futuros busquem aprofundar a compreensão de como transmissão de conhecimentos para eles ocorre.
A reading of Freud’s “Uncanny” in Poe’s “Haunted Palace” and “The Raven”
Authors: Saeed Tavgah
Published: March 2021

Freud’s concept of the uncanny is one of the most popular psychological terms that are applied to literature. Freud himself applied it to certain literary stories in his paper that carry the same title. This paper is explring Freud’s definition of the concept and its main features. As Edgar Allan Poe, in his works, is highly interested in horror, it makes his work ideal for the study of the uncanny. This paper deal with two well-known poems: “ The Haunted Pallace” and “ The Raven”, as they demonstrate the use of the uncanny to show how it works in certain literary works.
Learning innovation on Mechanical Engineering vocational education in the new normal era
Authors: Cahyani Puteri Anggieta , Widarto Widarto , Sati Olivia Laras
Published: March 2021

This study aims to explore the implementation of vocational learning in the new normal era related to the content, assignment forms, class management, and describe teacher innovations and hope. The research was conducted using a quantitative descriptive approach with a research instrument is a questionnaire. The questionnaire was given to 46 respondents consisting of mechanical engineering vocational teachers from several regions in Indonesia. The questionnaire consists of two categories, namely statements with an option and statements with open answers. The findings of this study are based on two categories, namely theoretical and practical learning. The results reveal that in theory learning, teachers prefer to share material with students in various forms, including PDF, PPT, Video, and others (17.56%), assigning forms in summarizing material (25.19%), and with the full class (47.78%). In contrast, in practical learning, the teacher conducted learning with a system block (5.85%), gave assignments in the form of making projects or products (6.93%), and with half-class management combined with online classes (7.78%). Another finding is the innovation applied by teachers is developing technology-based learning materials and using online platforms. In the new era's learning situation, normal teachers expect a flexible curriculum, as well as standardized, effective, and efficient media, models, methods, and learning platforms. In the learning practice, the teacher expects practice videos and simulation applications that are expected to be by following the expected basic competencies and being equipped with learning practices with the application of health protocols and students' numbers.
Risk and Protective Factors for Poorer Overall Health, Increased Psychological Distress, and Suicidal Ideation Due to SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in the General Japanese Population
Authors: Araki Kanto , Kiuchi Keita ,   Research Center for Overwork-Related Disorders, National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Kawasaki, Japan, Kishi Katsumasa
Published: March 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak is expected to have harmed the mental health of numerous people worldwide. Therefore, the present study was aimed to explore the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak on the overall health of the general Japanese population, with a particular focus on identifying the factors associated with a requirement for mental health treatment. Japanese residents aged 18 years and above were surveyed online, and among the 1,500 obtained responses included for analysis, 14% reported severe psychological distress, and 8.9% indicated high suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis of the collected data revealed that “insufficient exercise” could significantly predict physical health (β = -0.23, SE = 0.03), while the life event stressors that could significantly predict mental health were the personality trait “neuroticism” (β = -0.16, SE = 0.03), and the life stressors of “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = -0.22, SE = 0.03) and “uncertainty regarding the future” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.03). The personality traits of “agreeableness” (β = -0.08, SE = 0.02) and “neuroticism” (β = 0.22, SE = 0.02), and the factors “social support” (β = -0.12, SE = 0.02), “outbreak-related mental health problems” (β = 0.21, SE = 0.02), “uncertainty regarding the future” (β = 0.14, SE = 0.02), and “declining duration and quality of sleep” (β = 0.10, SE = 0.02) could predict psychological distress. Suicidal ideation was predicted by “neuroticism” (β = 0.11, SE = 0.03), “social support” (β = -0.27, SE = 0.03), and “having a psychiatric disorder” (β = 0.18, SE = 0.03). The results of the present study suggest that due to the spread of SARS-CoV-2, much of the Japanese population could be in requirement of psychiatric care. In particular, the individuals who rated high for the risk factors and low for the protective factors might require proactive support.
Mobile Health Intervention Promoting Physical Activity in Adults Post Cardiac Rehabilitation: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Park Linda G , Elnaggar Abdelaziz , Lee Sei J , Merek Stephanie , Hoffmann Thomas J , Von Oppenfeld Julia , Ignacio Nerissa , Whooley Mary A
Published: March 2021

Background

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an exercise-based program prescribed after cardiac events associated with improved physical, mental, and social functioning; however, many patients return to a sedentary lifestyle leading to deteriorating functional capacity after discharge from CR. Physical activity (PA) is critical to avoid recurrence of cardiac events and mortality and maintain functional capacity. Leveraging mobile health (mHealth) strategies to increase adherence to PA is a promising approach. Based on the social cognitive theory, we sought to determine whether mHealth strategies (Movn mobile app for self-monitoring, supportive push-through messages, and wearable activity tracker) would improve PA and functional capacity over 2 months.

Objective

The objectives of this pilot randomized controlled trial were to examine preliminary effects of an mHealth intervention on group differences in PA and functional capacity and group differences in depression and self-efficacy to maintain exercise after CR.

Methods

During the final week of outpatient CR, patients were randomized 1:1 to the intervention group or usual care. The intervention group downloaded the Movn mobile app, received supportive push-through messages on motivation and educational messages related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) management 3 times per week, and wore a Charge 2 (Fitbit Inc) activity tracker to track step counts. Participants in the usual care group wore a pedometer and recorded their daily steps in a diary. Data from the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) and self-reported questionnaires were collected at baseline and 2 months.

Results

We recruited 60 patients from 2 CR sites at a community hospital in Northern California. The mean age was 68.0 (SD 9.3) years, and 23% (14/60) were female; retention rate was 85% (51/60). Our results from 51 patients who completed follow-up showed the intervention group had a statistically significant higher mean daily step count compared with the control (8860 vs 6633; P=.02). There was no difference between groups for the 6MWT, depression, or self-efficacy to maintain exercise.

Conclusions

This intervention addresses a major public health initiative to examine the potential for mobile health strategies to promote PA in patients with CVD. Our technology-based pilot mHealth intervention provides promising results on a pragmatic and contemporary approach to promote PA by increasing daily step counts after completing CR.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03446313; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03446313
Morbidity and Mortality Associated with Typhoid Fever Among Hospitalized Patients in Hyderabad District, Pakistan, 2017-2018: Retrospective Record Review
Authors: Fatima Munaza , Kumar Santosh , Hussain Mudassar , Memon Naveed Masood , Vighio Anum , Syed Muhammad Asif , Chaudhry Ambreen , Hussain Zakir , Baig Zeeshan Iqbal , Baig Mirza Amir , Asghar Rana Jawad , Ikram Aamer , Khader Yousef
Published: March 2021

Background

Hyderabad, Pakistan, was the first city to witness an outbreak of extensively drug resistant (XDR) typhoid fever. The outbreak strain is resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporin, thus greatly limiting treatment options. However, despite over 5000 documented cases, information on mortality and morbidity has been limited.

Objective

To address the existing knowledge gap, this study aimed to assess the morbidity and mortality associated with XDR and non-XDR Salmonella serovar Typhi infections in Pakistan.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of culture-confirmed typhoid cases in 5 hospitals in Hyderabad from October 1, 2016, to September 30, 2018. We recorded data on age, gender, onset of fever, physical examination, serological and microbiological test results, treatment before and during hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, complications, and deaths.

Results

A total of 1452 culture-confirmed typhoid cases, including 947 (66%) XDR typhoid cases and 505 (34%) non-XDR typhoid cases, were identified. Overall, ≥1 complications were reported in 360 (38%) patients with XDR typhoid and 89 (18%) patients with non-XDR typhoid (P<.001). Ileal perforation was the most commonly reported complication in both patients with XDR typhoid (n=210, 23%) and patients with non-XDR typhoid (n=71, 14%) (P<.001). Overall, mortality was documented among 17 (1.8%) patients with XDR S Typhi infections and 3 (0.6%) patients with non-XDR S Typhi infections (P=.06).

Conclusions

As this first XDR typhoid outbreak continues to spread, the increased duration of illness before hospitalization and increased rate of complications have important implications for clinical care and medical costs and heighten the importance of prevention and control measures.
The Nature and Extent of Online Marketing by Big Food and Big Alcohol During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Australia: Content Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Martino Florentine , Brooks Ruby , Browne Jennifer , Carah Nicholas , Zorbas Christina , Corben Kirstan , Saleeba Emma , Martin Jane , Peeters Anna , Backholer Kathryn
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND

Emerging evidence demonstrates that obesity is associated with a higher risk of COVID-19 morbidity and mortality. Excessive alcohol consumption and “comfort eating” as coping mechanisms during times of high stress have been shown to further exacerbate mental and physical ill-health. Global examples suggest that unhealthy food and alcohol brands and companies are using the COVID-19 pandemic to further market their products. However, there has been no systematic, in-depth analysis of how “Big Food” and “Big Alcohol” are capitalizing on the COVID-19 pandemic to market their products and brands.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to quantify the extent and nature of online marketing by alcohol and unhealthy food and beverage companies during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

METHODS

We conducted a content analysis of all COVID-19-related social media posts made by leading alcohol and unhealthy food and beverage brands (n=42) and their parent companies (n=12) over a 4-month period (February to May 2020) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia.

RESULTS

Nearly 80% of included brands and all parent companies posted content related to COVID-19 during the 4-month period. Quick service restaurants (QSRs), food and alcohol delivery companies, alcohol brands, and bottle shops were the most active in posting COVID-19-related content. The most common themes for COVID-19-related marketing were isolation activities and community support. Promotion of hygiene and home delivery was also common, particularly for QSRs and alcohol and food delivery companies. Parent companies were more likely to post about corporate social responsibility (CSR) initiatives, such as donations of money and products, and to offer health advice.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study to show that Big Food and Big Alcohol are incessantly marketing their products and brands on social media platforms using themes related to COVID-19, such as isolation activities and community support. Parent companies are frequently posting about CSR initiatives, such as donations of money and products, thereby creating a fertile environment to loosen current regulation or resist further industry regulation. “COVID-washing” by large alcohol brands, food and beverage brands, and their parent companies is both common and concerning. The need for comprehensive regulations to restrict unhealthy food and alcohol marketing, as recommended by the World Health Organization, is particularly acute in the COVID-19 context and is urgently required to “build back better” in a post-COVID-19 world.
A promising predictor of mortality— A cohort study (Preprint)
Authors: Ling Ji Ha
Published: March 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

Severe inflammation leads to poor prognosis for intensive care unit hospitalized patients. The is a biomarker used to monitor inflammation and immune response, which can predict poor prognosis of various diseases. However, it is unclear whether NLR is associated with all-cause mortality in ICU patients. This study investigated the correlation between MLR and ICU results. Extract clinical data from Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III (MIMIC-III) database, which contains health data of more than 50,000 patients. The main result was 30-day mortality, and the secondary result was 90-day mortality. Use the Cox proportional hazards model to reveal the association between MLR and results. Multivariable analyses were used to control for confounders. NLR is a promising clinical biomarker, which can be used as a available predictor of ICU mortality.
Geografía y ambiente desde lo local
Authors:   Centro de Investigaciones en Geografía Ambiental (CIGA, UNAM)
Published: March 2021

Este libro se estructura en tres apartados: 1) relaciones geográficas entre las escalas local-global, 2) ambientes rurales y urbanos en escala local y 3) herramientas para la geografía ambiental desde lo local. En ellos, se muestra una tendencia fundamentalmente geográfico-ambiental con orientación a tópicos de expansión urbana y periurbana, sistemas alimentarios comunitarios, la conservación-acción forestal en escala local, transformación histórica de paisajes locales y métodos de investigación participativa [Los coordinadores].
Participación pedagógica, comunitaria y social del profesorado de primaria en cuatro municipios de Chihuahua, México
Authors: Gaytán Díaz Claudia Celina , Ruíz López Salvador , Alarcón Nakamura Daniel
Published: March 2021

Este artículo trata sobre la participación pedagógica, comunitaria y social del profesorado de primaria y los motivos por los que participan en actividades y proyectos. El estudio es descriptivo basado en métodos mixtos, con una estrategia secuencial explicativa. Para este, se aplicó un cuestionario a una muestra de 800 maestros y 1,131 maestras en cuatro municipios de Chihuahua, México; además de realizarse dos grupos focales. Se encontró que uno de cada diez docentes manifiesta un alto nivel de participación en actividades escolares y en proyectos pedagógicos, no así en proyectos comunitarios y sociales. El profesorado hace alusión a la mejora de la calidad educativa o de los aprendizajes como los principales motivos por los que participan. Finalmente, se identificaron estrategias implementadas por los colectivos para promover la participación, como la libertad para expresar ideas y el apoyo y acompañamiento de los integrantes que favorecen el logro de objetivos.
Ledelse af frivillige – når regler og værdier brydes
Authors: La Cour Anders
Published: March 2021

En vigtig del af offentlig ledelse er i dag at organisere samarbejdet med frivillige. Særligt har det offentlige fået øje på, at inddragelsen af frivillige kan udgøre et vigtigt bidrag til kommunernes udvikling af velfærden. Kommunerne står derfor i dag over for den udfordring, at finde frem til den bedste måde at organisere samarbejdet mellem de frivillige og kommunens ansatte. Artiklens hovedpointe er, at i bestræbelserne på at finde den rette form for samarbejde med de frivillige er det vigtigt, at ledelsen har blik for de modsætninger, der eksisterer mellem regler og værdier, og som altid har præget forsøg på at organisere den frivillige indsats. I stedet for at ignorere de mange modsætninger, der kan opstå mellem regler og værdier, skal ledelsen derfor tage ansvar for at skabe et kollektivt læringsmiljø, der kan øge organisationens evne til at reagere og håndtere komplekse situationer, hvor regler og værdier ikke nødvendigvis spiller sammen.
The Pivotal Narratological Category in Historical Perspective
Authors: Tyupa Valery I.
Published: March 2021

The article examines narrative strategies in their historical dynamics. It singles out the so-called narrative worldview and the ethos of narrativity as basic parameters of a narrative strategy. Heroic legends and fairy tales inherited a precedent worldview and the ethos of peace from mythology. The post-mythological development of religious consciousness leads to a narrative strategy of the parable type that implies an imperative world model and prescriptive ethos, as implemented, for example, in the Old Testament. The narrative strategy of the New Testament stands out due to the constructive combination of the precedent worldview and a fundamentally new ethos of personal solidarity. The practice of telling jokes and ancient Greek adventure novels develop a circumstantial world model and the ethos of self-realization. Finally, the classic novel explores the probabilistic worldview and becomes a basis of several new narrative strategies that vary in their ethos.
Notes from the Underground: Major Trends in Swedish Reception
Authors: Andreichuk Ksenia R.
Published: March 2021

Notes from the Underground has become a relevant text in Sweden only since the second half of the 20 th century, primarily due to the emergence of translations and criticism, but also in connection with the construction of “the people’s home” (“folkhemmet”), which is what a Swedish person thinks about when reading about Crystal Palace. However, not only social ideas attract Swedish readers in Notes from the Underground; the problems of human isolation, desire, and inability to love another person more than oneself, as well as the worldview of a “paradoxalist” are also relevant to them. The multi-layered text of Notes from the Underground has not remained unnoticed either. The article examines several instances of the Notes from the Underground reception in Swedish literature, namely social and philosophical (Sven Delblank, Lars Ahlin), socio-religious (Birgitta Trotzig), existentialist (Lars Gyllensten), and aesthetic (Lars Ahlin). It is worth mentioning that even when referring to Dostoevsky’s work in social debates, Swedish authors almost never ignore its philosophical context or reduce the universal human issues raised by the novel to the purely social issues projecting them on Swedish reality.
The Bakhtinian Carnival in Chicano Novels by Rolando Hinojosa
Authors: Bronich Marina K. , Baranova Maria I.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses Rolando Hinojosa’s novels Klail City and The Valley about the 20 th century Chicano community. The analysis bears on the carnival theory by Mikhail Bakhtin. Carnivalesque images and literary devices examined in the novels create the feeling of the infinite festivity and prove the omnipresence of Bakhtinian carnival in the novelist’s early works. The fictional world of Rolando Hinojosa operates following the rules of the carnival. The life of the Chicano community is organized around the town square, where religious ceremonies are travestied and typical carnival rituals such as “the feast of fools,” election and dethroning of the King, carnival sacrifice, and “the funeral banquet” are perfomed. The analysis of Hinojosa’s novels using Bakhtin’s carnivalesque theory sheds light on the main ideas of Klail City Death Trip Series. The festive character of the bodily imagery represents the triumph of life over death, while the macabre laughter helps Chicanos to defeat their fear of death.
(Auto)biographic Discourse in A.S. Khomyakovʼs Epistolary
Authors: Kuzmina Marina D.
Published: March 2021

The article discusses autobiographical and biographical discourse in the epistolary of A.S. Khomyakov. It turns out that both, and especially the former, are underrepresented. Khomyakov steadily replaces autobiographical elements typical of the epistolary genre and thereby expected by the reader with biographical elements, almost always in the form of obituary. As a rule, those are obituaries to public figures who had left a mark in history, influenced contemporaries, and possibly descendants — what mostly interests Khomyakov as the author. Paying primary attention to personal qualities, the scope and degree of self-realization of these qualities, he almost never covers external, factual side of their lives. Thus, the epistolary includes, on the one hand, paradoxical elements of the obituary and the biographical genre without a typical biographic narrative, while on the other hand, a highly individualized version of the obituary, a genre that, at a time, seemed to have hopelessly exhausted itself and become clichéd.
The “Kirghiz Fairy Tale” in The Gift: Nabokov, Folklore, and Orientalism
Authors: Panchenko Alexander A.
Published: March 2021

In the second chapter of The Gift, Fyodor Konstantinovich Godunov-Cherdyntsev recalls a “Kirghiz fairy tale” about a human eye that wants “to encompass everything in the world.” The plot of the story goes back to a Talmudic parable about Alexander the Great. The parable was retold in Russian by a number of writers and scholars in the 19 th and early 20 th centuries. However, it seems unlikely that Nabokov did use in any original piece of Inner Asian folklore in his novel. More probable is that he invented the “fairy tale” proceeding from one of the Russian versions of the parable. At the same time, Nabokov’s version is based on a number of international literary and folkloric motifs and is related to the “Kalmyk fairy tale” in Pushkin’s novel The Captain’s Daughter and to 19 th century Russian literary fairy tales in verse. While the central theme of Nabokov’s parable is the insatiability of human vision and the frailty of life, its con- and subtexts allude to some other recurrent themes of the novel — death and immortality, the quest for paradise, closed doors and exile, sources of love and poetical inspiration. The Oriental coloring of the tale (and the second chapter of the novel in general) appears to be a literary play with a limited number of texts, in particular with The Captain’s Daughter and A Journey to Arzrum. This allows discussing the “Kirghiz fairy tale” as an intratextually meaningful part of the novel rather than a marginal encrustation. It seems that Nabokov’s literary work with “migratory” plots and folklore texts was in a way close to the methods and ideas developed in Alexander Veselovsky’s school of comparative literary studies.
The Early Stage of Buryat-Mongol Literature
Authors: Baldanmaksarova Elizaveta E.
Published: March 2021

The article examines the genesis of Buryat literature, which is key to the modern literary studies of Buryatia. Its aim is to recreate the history of Buryat literature and place it in the cultural and philosophical context of the history of Mongolian ethnos. It is well known that the genesis of Buryat literature owes to the literary work as well as to the theoretical and literary research of the first Buryat scholars and writers from among the Buddhist clergy. The search, introduction, and study of literary works written by Buryat authors in the 18 th — early 20 th centuries is one of the relevant research tasks that opens new perspectives for modern Buryat literary criticism and for humanities in general. The emergence and development of Buryat literature is closely connected with the spread of Buddhist culture, the Buddhist vision of the world, therefore it should be studied in the context of Buddhist aesthetic thought. The article pays special attention to the literary history of Mongolians that, since the 13 th century, has been developing in the context of multilateral literary ties and contacts. It examines the following typical genres: travelogue, hagiographic, hymn poetry, subhashita, and poem.
Hydrogen peroxide, superoxide, lipid peroxidation and membrane damage in leaves of the tree Prosopis nigra (Fabaceae) under simulated glyphosate drift
Authors: Meloni Diego Ariel , Inés Bolzón Graciela
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The tree Prosopis nigra is native to the Western Chaco phytogeographic region, affected by the application of glyphosate in the surrounding crops. Objective: To determine the impact of simulated glyphosate drift on growth, photosynthesis and oxidative stress in P. nigra seedlings. Methods: We simulated drift in seedlings at doses of 0, 200, 400 and 800 g a.e. ha-1 of glyphosate. We also measured gas exchange and modulated fluorescence emission of chlorophyll a. Results: Glyphosate reduced biomass, photosynthetic rate, and stomatal conductance. Doses of 400 and 800 g a.e. ha-1 glyphosate produced photoinhibition. The electron transport rate was sensitive to glyphosate, and it decreased at all doses of the herbicide. Glyphosate generated oxidative stress, and produced damage to membranes, because of the accumulation of H2O2 and O2.. Conclusions: Glyphosate reduces growth and photosynthesis in these seedlings. The inhibition of photosynthesis is due to stomatal closure, and alterations in the photochemical stage, associated with oxidative stress.