bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multifunctionalization of polybutadiene by RAFT/MADIX technology
Authors: He Congze , Dong Jin , Xu Chaoran , Huang Zhujun , Zard Samir Z. , Pan Xiangcheng
Published: December 2024

A new strategy for the multi-functionalization of polybutadiene has been developed using reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer polymerization/macromolecular design by interchange of xanthates (RAFT/MADIX) technology.
Synthesis, anticancer and antibacterial evaluation of novel spiramycin-acylated derivatives
Authors: Wang Zhiwei , Cheng Junxiang , Wen Hui , Hou Tao , Luo Fengbin , Wang Yaodong , Xu Xingjun , Liu Yanfang , Zhao Yaopeng , Liang Xinmiao
Published: December 2024

In addition to enhanced antibacterial activity, compound 14 also strongly induces HGC-27 ROS generation, causes S phase cell cycle arrest and triggers apoptosis via activation of Erk/p38 MAPK signaling pathways.
Antiproliferative effects of resorcylic acid lactones from the Beibu Gulf coral-derived fungus Curvularia lunata GXIMD 02512 on prostate cancer cells
Authors: Wang Jiaxi , Lu Humu , Fang Wenxuan , Lin Miaoping , Feng Yuyao , Qi Xin , Gao Chenghai , Liu Yonghong , Wang Xueni , Luo Xiaowei
Published: December 2024

A new RAL, curvulomycin A (1), was found to inhibit cell viability, proliferation, and clone formation. It further arrested G1 phase and induced apoptosis (34.2%) in 22Rv1 cells.
A general synthesis method for small-size and water-soluble NaYF4:Yb, Ln upconversion nanoparticles at high temperature
Authors: Liu Mingda , Xu Jianwen , Zhu Kai , Yan Ming , He Min , Huang Xiaowei , Xu Yan , Wang Wei , Zhao Shibo , Zeng Qinghui
Published: December 2024

In this work, we have developed a general synthesis method for the small size (<50 nm) and water-soluble lanthanide ions doped NaYF4 upconversion nanoparticles using triethylene glycol as a higher temperature solvent and diacid as surfactant.
Electrospinning of methacrylated alginate for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Poshina Daria , Sokolova Natalia , Nono-Tagne Steve , Ahmadi-Nohadani Hamed , Gofman Iosif , Mishanin Alexander , Golovkin Alexey , Skorik Yury , Otsuka Issei
Published: December 2024

Photo-crosslinkable methacrylated alginate derivatives were electrospun and then irradiated by UV light to form cytocompatible fiber mats that are insoluble in water for a month, showing their potential application for tissue engineering.
Cationic polymerization of vinyl ethers using trifluoromethyl sulfonate/solvent/ligand to access well-controlled poly(vinyl ether)s
Authors: Chen Liangyu , Wang Zhihao , Fang En , Fan Zhiqiang , Song Shaofei
Published: December 2024

The polymerization of industrially available vinyl ethers were catalyzed by a series of air/moisture-stable trifluoromethyl sulfonates/ligands to afford high-molecular-weight crystalline poly(vinyl ether)s in high monomer conversions.
Exchange, promiscuity, and orthogonality in de novo designed coiled-coil peptide assemblies
Authors: Kurgan Kathleen W. , Martin Freddie J. O. , Dawson William M. , Brunnock Thomas , Orr-Ewing Andrew J. , Woolfson Derek N.
Published: December 2024

Dynamics and exchange between coiled-coil assemblies are evaluated by a fluorescence-based assay. De novo designed homo-dimers to heptamers are tested for faithful and promiscuous interactions, and re-designed to deliver an orthogonal set.
Palladium-catalyzed aerobic homocoupling of aliphatic olefins to dienes: evidence for rate-limiting concerted metalation–deprotonation
Authors: Van Minnebruggen Sam , Poels-Ryckeboer Harry , Van Dessel Hendrik , Martens Frederick , Stuyck Wouter , Nelis Tom , Beckers Igor , Bugaev Aram , De Vos Dirk
Published: December 2024

Palladium(ii)-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling of aliphatic olefins using 2-OH-substituted pyridine ligands: mechanistic study and complex characterization.
Life cycle assessment of plasma gasification integrated molten carbonate fuel cells and chemical looping reforming using RDF feedstock
Authors: Mallick Roni , Vairakannu Prabu
Published: December 2024

Plasma gasification is a promising technology for integration with molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) and chemical looping reforming (CLR) process for effective utilization of refused derived fuels.
Catalyzed eutectic LiBH4–KBH4 system nanoconfined at low temperature for superior hydrogen storage reversibility
Authors: Qu Shanqing , Yang Yaxiong , Yan Chenhui , Gao Mingxia , Wu Meihong , Li Zhenglong , Wang Shun , Liu Yongfeng , Sun Wenping , Liang Chu , Zhang Xin , Pan Hongge
Published: December 2024

A Li/K eutectic borohydride system with NiCp2 as a catalytic additive is proposed where the nanoconfinement of the borohydride and the introduction of NiCp2 are achieved synchronously.
Accelerating the drug-releasing performance by a flexible zinc–air fuel cell based on a polyacrylamide/cellulose nanofibril (PAM/CNF) hydrogel
Authors: Yang Yang , Jia Juan , Zhang Wang , Peng Qin , Chen Rong , Ye Dingding , Li Jun , Zhu Xun , Liao Qiang
Published: December 2024

With the merits of being non-toxic, biocompatible and non-sensitizing, hydrogel wound dressings are considered as one of the promising choices to prevent wound infection and accommodate the healing drugs.
Accurately tuning the pore size and acidity of mesoporous zeolites for enhancing the catalytic hydrocracking of polypropylene
Authors: Wang Ziru , Gao Li , Zhong Xia , Zhang Ying , Shakeri Mozaffar , Zhang Xia , Zhang Bingsen
Published: December 2024

Al-MCM-41, characterized by its moderately acidic mesoporous nanosphere structure, serves as an effective catalyst for the hydrocracking of polypropylene, achieving a high liquid fuel yield of 70.23% at a relatively low temperature (220 °C).
W-promoted OER kinetics of bimetallic hydroxide: an experimental analysis via operando EIS and temperature-dependent study
Authors: Dhandapani Hariharan N. , Ramasubramanian Muthumeena , Laxminarayanan Priyadharshini , Singha Roy Suprobhat , De Aditi , Babu B. Ramesh , Kundu Subrata
Published: December 2024

W4+ ion doped NiCo-LDH, an effective electrocatalyst towards the OER has been developed. W-NiCo-LDH exhibits a TOF value 31 times greater and an activation energy (Ea) value 3 times lower than that of bare NiCo-LDH.
Quantum transport simulation of α-GeTe ferroelectric semiconductor transistors
Authors: Li Qiang , Yang Zongmeng , Yang Xingyue , Zhou Wenjing , Yang Chen , Sun Xiaotian , Fang Shibo , Lu Jing
Published: December 2024

The ferroelectric semiconductor transistor is a newly proposed device that uses ferroelectric semiconductors as channel materials for integrated memory and computation.
Estimating dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds from food grade plastics
Authors: Loudon Kara B. , Tomy Thane M. Z. , Liebzeit Erin C. , Halldorson Thor , Xia Zhe , Sambanthan Sara , Hoang Duc Luong , Vitharana Nipuni , Tomy Gregg T.
Published: December 2024

Estimating dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic compounds as a results of migration from food-grade plastics.
Human–machine interfaces and the NEU-CHiP Project: an interview with Dr Eric Hill
Authors: Hill Eric
Published: December 2024

After spending 8 years developing his laboratory at Aston University, Dr Eric Hill is now a Reader in Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology at Loughborough University. His main research interests include the development of tissue engineering strategies to model stem cell behaviour in the development of neuronal networks and also during neurodegeneration.
SCite‐HRNet: A self‐calibrating efficient network for pose estimation
Authors: Xiang Nan , Rao Xingdi , Yang Wenjing , Chen Jin , Zhu Lifang
Published: December 2024

In order to tackle the challenge of capturing long‐range spatial dependencies among joints, a novel self‐calibrated lightweight high‐resolution network (SCite‐HRNet), which is grounded on the lightweight high‐resolution network is introduced. A self‐calibrated segmentation convolution is first designed to extract and amalgamate contextual information across various scales, thereby addressing the issue of excessive computation engendered by stacked convolution kernels in conventional convolution methods. Next, a multi‐scale channel attention mechanism designed to extract structural information while filtering out unnecessary channel details is introduced. Ultimately, these two methodologies are incorporated into a multi‐scale information aggregation module and embed this module into the high‐resolution network. This allows the network to maintain exceptionally efficient computation while effectively managing information across various scales. Empirical results indicate that SCite‐HRNet achieves remarkable performance on both the COCO dataset and the challenging average precision (AP)‐10K dataset.
A broadband beam‐steerable Fabry–Pérot antenna employing water‐based reconfigurable partially reflective surface
Authors: Yan Jiali , Liu Zhiming , Zhou Huilin , Wang Yuhao , Xu Hao
Published: December 2024

A novel broadband water‐based Fabry–Pérot (FP) antenna with beam‐steerable technology is proposed. The antenna consists of a water‐based reconfigurable partially reflective surface (RPRS) and a source antenna. The proposed water‐based RPRS has 13 columns of microfluidic channels inside. The water‐based RPRS achieved 1‐D beam steering by regulating phase distribution through the injection of water into its microfluidic channels. The antenna has exhibited a 10‐dB impedance bandwidth from 5.07 to 6.46 GHz (a fractional bandwidth of 24.1%). This design achieves a beam steering from −11° to +11° in the elevation plane, with measured realised gains over 10 dBi. To verify the correctness of the design, an antenna prototype was fabricated. The measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results, confirming the accuracy of the design principle. The measured results demonstrate that the main beam of the antenna prototype tilts to −12° in the broadside direction.
Determining stellar properties of massive stars in NGC346 in the SMC with a Bayesian statistic technique
Authors: Rickard M. J. , Hainich R. , Pauli D. , Hamann W.-R. , Oskinova L. M. , Prinja R. K. , Ramachandran V. , Todt H. , Schösser E. C. , Sander A. A. C. , Zeidler P.
Published: December 2024

Context. NGC 346 is a young cluster with numerous hot OB stars. It is part of the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC), and has an average metallicity that is one-seventh of the Milky Way’s. A detailed study of its stellar content provides a unique opportunity to understand the stellar and wind properties of massive stars in low-metallicity environments, and enables us to improve our understanding of star formation and stellar evolution.

Aims. The fundamental stellar parameters defining a star’s spectral appearance are its effective surface temperature, surface gravity, and projected rotational velocity. Unfortunately, these parameters cannot be obtained independently from only H and He spectral features as they are partially degenerate. With this work we aim to overcome this degeneracy by applying a newly developed Bayesian statistic technique that can fit these three parameters simultaneously.

Methods. Multi-epoch optical spectra are used in combination with a Bayesian statistic technique to fit stellar properties based on a publicly available grid of synthetic spectra of stellar atmospheres. The use of all of the multi-epoch observations simultaneously allows the identification of binaries.

Results. The stellar parameters for 34 OB stars within the core of NGC 346 are derived and presented here. By the use of both He I and He II lines, the partial degeneracy between the stellar parameters of effective surface temperature, surface gravity, and projected rotational velocity is overcome. A lower limit to the binary fraction of the sample of stars is found to be at least 46%.

Conclusions. Based on comparisons with analysis conducted on an overlapping sample of stars within NGC 346, the Bayesian statistic technique approach is shown to be a viable method to measure stellar parameters for hot massive stars in low-metallicity environments even when only low-resolution spectra are available.
European partnership on radioactive waste management
Authors: Théodon Louise , Bruggeman Christophe , Göbel Astrid , Holt Erika
Published: December 2024

The European Commission supports a co-funded European Partnership on radioactive waste management within the EURATOM Work Programme for 2023-2025. This initiative, known as EURAD-2, aims to continue and merge the efforts of the EURAD Programme and the PREDIS project, building on their successes and lessons learned. EURAD-2 addresses the European Union’s 3.5 million m3 radioactive waste inventory with a holistic approach, targeting the whole waste management chain from cradle to grave, up until its final disposal in surface, shallow, and deep geological facilities. As a co-funded Partnership, it supports Member States in meeting the Research, Development and Demonstration requirements of the Waste Directive 2011/70. The programme includes diverse participation, with 51 beneficiary organisations and 69 Affiliated Entities from 21 Member States, funded at 60% by the European Commission and 40% by the participating Member States. Furthermore, it welcomes participation from associated countries and interacts proactively with international organisations such as NEA and IAEA.

The EURAD-2 work plan addresses strategic aspects identified in the updated EURAD Strategic Research and Knowledge Management Agenda. To this end, the Partnership employs different instruments (different types of work packages): research and development – performing cutting-edge science and technology research and innovation; Strategic Studies – shorter-term transversal collaborative actions bringing together relevant actors and addressing emerging needs; Knowledge Management – supporting the transfer of knowledge between different programmes and between generations.

EURAD-2 aspires to contribute as one of the leading European platforms for radioactive waste management competence, know-how, and capabilities, supporting scientific excellence and driving innovation in research and technology for its end users. It aims to be a central hub for training new experts and facilitating high-visibility position papers on emerging topics, further establishing the European Union as the forerunner in safe, long-term radioactive waste management.
Optimum pricing decision for the retailer with warranty and price-dependent variable demand
Authors: Y Jani Mrudul , A Patel Heta , R Betheja Manish , Chaudhari Urmila , Sarkar Biswajit , Sarkar Mitali
Published: December 2024

Buying inventory on a credit basis is an effective pricing plan, and trade credit is a popular component of market transactions that increase demand. In a dynamic situation, most businesses offer different rewards and services to their consumers under certain terms and conditions during commodity sales. The accompanying companies provide a warranty period facility to increase consumer demand for products. The holding cost often increases over time. This study determines a production model wherein the production rate is proportionate to the price-warranty period based on the demand rate with time-dependent holding cost and trade credit policy. This work leads to three vital conventions: (I) the rate of product demand is considered to be price-warranty period dependent; (II) the non-linear function is considered for the rate of replacement failure, wherein the capital of the manufacturer depends on the warranty period; and (III) the rate of inflation is constant; moreover, the present time value of money also measured. This study aims to find the selling price, cycle time, and warranty period by using an algorithm to optimize the total profit function of the manufacturer. The results are validated by solving three numerical examples with their graphical representation based on different situations and the major parameters, and sensitivity analysis is analyzed with important decision-making implications.
Sustainable inventory model with controlled temperature for deteriorating products under preservation technology
Authors: Kumar Subhash , Sarkar Biswajit , Singh S.R. , Kumar Ashok , Sarkar Mitali
Published: December 2024

The disaster or epidemic has created a terrible situation in front of the whole world. This study saves the Corona vaccine's quality and keeps its demand in mind. This study develops an inventory model for deteriorating products with preservation technology investment under ramp-type demand. Reducing the deterioration rate of items reduces the number of waste items, which is beneficial for the environment. The demand increases at the ramp-type demand rate at the start, and then the market tends to a constant rate until the end of the inventory cycle. Retailers are attempting to reduce emissions, which impacts inventory levels. As a result, the impact of carbon emissions from holding and deterioration costs has been investigated in this study. This study allows for partially backlogging and shortages. The numerical part shows the minimized total cost of this study. The numerical findings indicate that the value of total cost increases due to carbon emissions. The study is analyzed for two cases: Case I shows a difference of 0.45% in total cost due to carbon emission, while Case II shows a difference of 0.20% in total cost due to carbon emission. Carbon emissions and preservation technology have a significant impact on environmental preservation. Finally, numerical examples and graph representation for convexity of total cost and sensitivity analysis are provided to illustrate.
Evaluating the research capacity and culture of an urban Mental Health and Wellbeing Program
Authors: Innes Stanley , Taylor David , Hope Judith
Published: December 2024

Objective Research capacity in health care involves the ability to conduct, access, evaluate, and apply research evidence and results in elevated quality of care. Despite its significance, mental health organisations face challenges in assessing and enhancing their research capacity. This study aimed to evaluate the research capacity and culture within a large metropolitan health service’s Mental Health and Wellbeing Program (MHWP). Methods A cross-sectional, observational study using the Research Capacity and Culture (RCC) tool was conducted among approximately 1081 MHWP employees. An online survey recorded staff views on research readiness, interest, motivators, and barriers. Results Of 220 survey entries, 100 were completed. The majority were female (n = 68), under 40 years old (n = 51), and employed full-time (n = 54). The highest RCC domain score was for organisational culture. Half of the respondents thought research was not part of their role, yet 70% wanted more involvement. Motivators included skill development, while barriers included a lack of time and funds. Conclusions The findings emphasise the need for targeted strategies to enhance research culture at the individual level. However, opportunities also exist at the team and organisational levels. The study provided insights that can guide future interventions and capacity-building initiatives.
Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction for grain yield of rice (Oryza sativa) genotypes for general and specific adaptation to salt stress locations
Authors: Krishnamurthy S. L. , Lokeshkumar B. M. , Rathor Suman , Warraich A. S. , Vinaykumar N. M. , Sharma P. C.
Published: December 2024

Context Salt stress is one of the major, ever-increasing abiotic stresses that hinders rice production across arable land around the world. In order to sustain the production of rice (Oryza sativa) in these salt-affected areas, high-yielding stable salt tolerant genotypes must be identified. Aims The additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model was carried out to identify high-yielding stable rice genotypes under both saline and alkali stress. Methods Nineteen promising rice genotypes including five standard checks were evaluated using randomized block design under nine salt stress environments using three replications in 2017 and 2018. Key results The AMMI model II is thought to be the best model for genotype identification based on prediction accuracy with high GEIS and low GEIN (genotype and environment interaction noise). According to AMMI model II, six genotypes were identified as the top performers under salt stress: one genotype (CSR RIL-01-IR 165) yielded the best in three environments; another genotype (CSR 2711-17) yielded highly in in two environments; and the remaining three genotypes (RP5989-2-4-8-15-139-62-6-9, RP 6188-GSR IR1-8-S6-S3-S1, RP6189-HHZ17-Y16-Y3-SAL1) as well as one control genotype (CHK2) yielded well in single environments. Conclusions Based on AMMI stability study, genotypes RP5989-2-4-8-15-139-62-6-9, CSR2711-17, CSR RIL-01-IR 165, CSR-2748-4441-195, CSR-2748-4441-193), and CSRRIL-01-IR 75 were determined to be higher yielding and more stable than the national control genotype (CSR23). Implications The high-yielding stable genotypes identified in this study could be planted for salt-affected areas to sustain the production of rice.
Sulfur isotope anomalies in coal combustion: Applications to the present and early Earth environments
Authors: Shen Yanan , Zhang Qixin , Xu Yilun , Li Menghan , Thiemens Mark H.
Published: December 2024

The observation of mass-independent sulfur isotope fractionations (S-MIF) in Archean–Paleoproterozoic rocks has been instrumental in constraining oxygen levels on early Earth. The S-MIF effect, experimentally demonstrated to result from photochemical reactions, has now been observed in coal combustion, expanding our understanding of this phenomenon. Our study reveals that the negative Δ
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S anomalies produced by coal combustion are consistent with similar anomalies observed in present-day sulfate aerosols in Beijing, China, and the black crust sulfates formed on building stones, monument walls, and sculptures in Europe that contribute to carbonate stone deterioration and cultural heritage damage. This finding provides independent evidence for a critical role of atmospheric sulfate from coal combustion in maintaining isotopic balance and offers an effective method for tracing sulfate aerosol sources. These insights are vital for developing more effective regulatory policies to control air pollution and protect public health. Given that coal energy production remains a significant issue in climate science, accurately mapping the global distribution of its by-products is imperative.
Magnetically modulated Superconductor-Graphene-Superconductor (SGS) Josephson junctions and their tunability
Authors: Banerjee Partha Sarathi , Marathe Rahul , Ghosh Sankalpa
Published: December 2024

Graphene-based Josephson junctions played an important role in various quantum devices from their inception. Magnetic tunnel junctions or vertical devices were also made out of graphene by exposing the graphene layer to localised pattern of strong magnetic field created by hard ferromagnetic material. By combining the essence of these different methods for constructing graphene based junctions, in this work we propose that the temperature-dependent Josephson current in such junctions can be tuned by exposing the graphene regions to a combination of highly localised non-uniform magnetic field, dubbed as magnetic barrier, and spatially modulated gate voltage. Within the framework of Dirac-Bogoliubov-de-Gennes (DBDG) theory, we show by explicit calculation that in such magnetically modulated Josephson Junctions, the band structure of graphene gets significantly altered, which results in the change of the Andreev reflections in such junctions. This leads to a significant modulation of the Josephson current. We numerically evaluated the Josephson current as a function of the strength of the magnetic barrier and the gate voltage and discussed the practical consequences of such controlling of Josephson currents.
Quasi-projective synchronization of nonidentical fractional-order neural networks with inconsistent orders in quaternion field
Authors: Ansari Md Samshad Hussain , Malik Muslim
Published: December 2024

The present study explores the quasi-projective synchronization (QPS) for nonidentical fractional-order quaternion-valued neural networks (FOQVNNs) with inconsistent orders. We construct two controls: quaternion-valued feedback control and quaternion-valued adaptive control to examine QPS of the FOQVNNs. Rather than employing the conventional separation method, the quaternion-valued state is treated as an integrated whole, and the synchronization results for FOQVNNs are established using the Lyapunov direct method and the fractional derivative properties. Lastly, we give two numerical examples to validate the effectiveness of the acquired results.
Effects of discrete fibre reinforcements on the wear resistance behaviour of polyamide-based spur gears
Authors: Seetharam Pradeep Kumar , Dhamodaran Gopinath , Sugumar Suresh , Mahalingam Karthikeyan , Kandapalam Varatharajan
Published: December 2024

In many situations, the polymer gears are the perfect replacement for traditional metal gears. Compared to metal gears, the polymer gears will generate more heat at the gear tooth contact surface and more wear loss. Hence, this study aims to decrease the wear loss and increase the load-carrying capacity of the polymer gears. To achieve this, the reinforcement materials were added to the base polymer gear material. In this study, Nylon-66 was chosen as the polymer matrix material and an isolated glass fibre and steel grid were used as the reinforcement materials. Three different types of polymer spur gears such as Polyamide Gear (Nylon-66), Reinforced Polyamide Gear (Nylon-66+Glass Fibre), and Hybrid Glass Fiber Steel Grid Gear (Nylon-66+Glass Fibre+Steel Grid) named PG, RPG and HGFSGG were fabricated using injection moulding machine and each type of gears were compared for wear loss and specific wear rate under the similar testing conditions. The wear test was performed in the Forschungsstelle fur Zahnrader und Getriebebau (FZG) test rig at 1500 rpm with an applied load of 20 N for 12.5 h continuously. From the test results, it was identified that HGFSGG polymer spur gears have exhibited a lower surface temperature and better wear properties compared to the other two types of spur gears. From the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, it was noticed that the PG spur gear exhibited deep and uniform wear at the gear tooth surface. In contrast, RPG spur gear exhibited glass fibre distortion and abrasive-type wear. The SEM micrograph of the HGFSGG spur gear reveals the presence of very few surface flaws in the gear tooth surface.
Advancements in Ge-based thermoelectric materials for efficient waste heat energy conversion: a comprehensive review
Authors: Gupta Shivani , Batra Yogita
Published: December 2024

Thermoelectric materials hold significant promise for converting waste heat energy into electrical energy. The performance of these materials and devices is assessed using a quantitative measure known as the figure of merit, which relies on the Seebeck coefficient, thermal conductivity, and electrical conductivity of the material. Different classes of thermoelectric materials have their own merits and demerits. High temperature thermoelectric materials are useful for space exploration, automobile applications, etc Many materials have been explored within temperature range of 300–900 K, showing suitable properties for thermoelectric applications. Germanium, an inorganic material is investigated in details, due to its high Seebeck coefficient and better thermal stability. Silicon-Germanium alloys are thermoelectric materials suitable for operating at high temperatures. These materials help in reduction of emission of green house gases. Extensive efforts have been devoted to enhance the efficiency of Germanium-based thermoelectric materials and devices through various techniques such as doping, nanostructuring, electron energy filtering, and band engineering. Recently, a new material Ge0.94Sm0.06Te has been introduced, reporting a high figure of merit value of 2.5 at 730 K. Many theoretical studies are also reported showing the potential of new Germanium-based thermoelectric materials. Further, 2D Germanium-based materials show enhanced thermoelectric properties as well. These findings underscore the significance of Germanium as a thermoelectric material. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in Germanium-based thermoelectric materials and focuses on different strategies to enhance their thermoelectric performance. Additionally, the suitability of various Germanium-based thermoelectric materials in comparison to other materials for energy harvesting applications is extensively discussed in this review.
Improving cutoff frequency estimation via optimized π-pulse sequence
Authors: Zheng 郑 Wang-Sheng 王升 , Zhang 张 Chen-Xia 晨霞 , Gong 龚 Bei-Li 贝利
Published: December 2024

The cutoff frequency is one of the crucial parameters that characterize the environment. In this paper, we estimate the cutoff frequency of the Ohmic spectral density by applying the π-pulse sequences (both equidistant and optimized) to a quantum probe coupled to a bosonic environment. To demonstrate the precision of cutoff frequency estimation, we theoretically derive the quantum Fisher information (QFI) and quantum signal-to-noise ratio (QSNR) across sub-Ohmic, Ohmic, and super-Ohmic environments, and investigate their behaviors through numerical examples. The results indicate that, compared to the equidistant π-pulse sequence, the optimized π-pulse sequence significantly shortens the time to reach maximum QFI while enhancing the precision of cutoff frequency estimation, particularly in deep sub-Ohmic and deep super-Ohmic environments.
Friedmann’s Universe Controlled by Gauss-Bonnet Modified Gravity
Authors: Moreira dos Anjos Fábio Henrique , Novello Mario
Published: December 2024

We consider a Lagrangian to describe gravity using a nonlinear term depending on the Gauss-Bonnet invariant. We examine the conditions for a bouncing and the existence of an ulterior accelerated phase of the Universe.
A passive brain–computer interface for operator mental fatigue estimation in monotonous surveillance operations: time-on-task and performance labeling issues
Authors: Hinss Marcel F , Jahanpour Emilie S , Brock Anke M , Roy Raphaëlle N
Published: December 2024

Objective: A central component of search and rescue missions is the visual search of survivors. In large parts, this depends on human operators and is, therefore, subject to the constraints of human cognition, such as mental fatigue (MF). This makes detecting MF a critical step to be implemented in future systems. However, to the best of our knowledge, it has seldom been evaluated using a realistic visual search task. In addition, an accuracy discrepancy exists between studies that use time-on-task (TOT)—the popular method—and performance metrics for labels. Yet, to our knowledge, they have never been directly compared. Approach: This study was designed to address both issues: the use of a realistic task to elicit MF during a monotonous visual search task and the labeling type used for intra-participant fatigue estimation. Over four blocks of 15 min, participants had to identify targets on a computer while their cardiac, cerebral (EEG), and eye-movement activities were recorded. The recorded data were then fed into several physiological computing pipelines. Main results: The results show that the capability of a machine learning algorithm to detect MF depends less on the input data but rather on how MF is defined. Using TOT, very high classification accuracies are obtained (e.g. 99.3%). On the other hand, if MF is estimated based on behavioral performance, a metric with a much greater operational value, classification accuracies return to chance level (i.e. 52.2%). Significance: TOT-based MF estimation is popular, and strong classification accuracies can be achieved with a multitude of sensors. These factors contribute to the popularity of this method, but both usability and the relation to the concept of MF are neglected.
Distribution characteristics of soil Selenium and exogenous Selenium fertilizer enrich Selenium on soybean seeds in Nenjiang City
Authors: Zhang Jiuming , Kuang Enjun , Chi Fengqin , Zhu Yingxue , Yuan Jiahui , Xia Xiaoyu , Gai Ruchun
Published: December 2024

To study the background value selenium (Se) content in soil and the effect of exogenous Se application on increasing Se content of soybean seeds, 124 soil samples of different soil types were collected in Nenjiang city, Heilongjiang province, which is the primary soybean-producing area of China. The results showed that the soil Se content in Nenjiang city exhibited a range from 0.032 to 0.519 mg/kg, with an average of 0.206 mg/kg, which was lower than the average national Se content of 0.290 mg/kg. It indicated that the soil Se content in Nenjiang city belonged to low Se or Se deficiency level. Further more, the different soil types also showed different results on soil Se content, such as the meadow black soil was the lowest one (0.186 mg/kg) in Nenjiang City. To enhance the Se content of crop by spraying inorganic Se and organic Se fertilizers on leaves at different growth stages of soybean, the best effect on Se-rich soybean seed was spraying Se fertilizer at flowering stage, and the Se content in soybean seeds reached 0.260 mg/kg. It also promoted the yield by the range 2.4%-15.0%. Se-rich by exogenous application was the important way to increase Se content in soybean seeds, which provided theoretical support for the priority development of Se-rich soybean industry and special soybean planting in Nenjiang City.
A Study on Predicting Vibration-Induced Damage of Overhead Oil Pipelines based on Abaqus
Authors: Huang Houzan , Liang Zhu , Yi Xing
Published: December 2024

Earthquakes are sudden natural disasters that pose a serious threat to human lives and property. Lifeline systems are essential infrastructure and engineering systems that maintain the economic and social functions of cities or regions, including water supply and drainage systems, oil pipelines, gas systems, etc. In the event of a major earthquake, direct damage to lifeline systems can lead to significant economic losses and casualties. Therefore, exploring the deformation and damage characteristics of lifeline pipelines under seismic hazards and conducting risk assessments is of great practical significance. This study takes a typical overhead oil pipeline in Guangzhou as an example and uses the finite element software Abaqus to predict the vibration-induced damage. Ultimately, recommendations for disaster prevention and mitigation are proposed based on the research findings. The results can serve as a reference for seismic damage prediction, research, and disaster prevention and mitigation of urban lifeline systems.
Silver nanoparticles synthesized with green methods using spruce plant extract and their synergistic antibacterial activity
Authors: Okonov Sanchir , Ovsuk Elena
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) synthesized using spruce needle extract, comparing the performance of AgNPs with residual plant extract to that of purified AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy revealed nanoparticles mostly spherical in shape with an average diameter ranging from 16.8nm (nanoparticles in plant extract medium) to 22.6 (pure nanoparticles). Antibacterial tests with the food product showed that the nanoparticles in the plant extract completely inhibited the growth of microorganisms, while in the case of pure nanoparticles a slight microbial growth was observed (34, 7, 41 colonies). This antibacterial activity may be due to the synergistic effect of silver nanoparticles with bioactive compounds found in spruce needle extract - phenolic compounds, flavonoids. They can act as a stabilising medium for nanoparticles and enhance the interaction with bacteria. Also, the high temperatures used purify nanoparticles could cause sticking and agglomeration of the particles, reducing their antibacterial activity. These findings suggest that the use of plant extracts is rational for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles, and is applicable in the food industry, where effective and non-hazardous antibacterial agents are required.
Evaluation of the qualitative performance indicators of the experimental OVX-600 sprayer with a pneumatic disk system
Authors: Khojiyev A A , Utepov B B , Narziev Sh M , Yusupkhodjayeva E N , Kholmatova N G
Published: December 2024

The article presents the results of field experiments to determine the quality of cotton processing with an experimental OVX-600 sprayer with a pneumatic disk sprayer in the mode of a low-volume spraying method with a working fluid consumption of 50-100 l/ha. During the field research, a nomogram was compiled to determine the flow rate of working fluid for low-volume spraying, regardless of the type of tractor and at various speed modes of the unit. The results of high-quality processing of cotton with an experimental OVX-600 sprayer with a pneumatic disk sprayer were obtained, which showed that with a capture width of up to 21.6 meters, the deposition of the drug, both in the width of the capture (45.9%) and in the height of the bush (68.1%) of cotton meets agrotechnical requirements. The conducted field experiments have shown that by the density of the coating of the surface of the cotton leaves, and by the dispersion of droplets (80-120 microns), the experimental sample of the OVX-600 sprayer with a pneumatic disk sprayer is quite suitable for use in the mode of low-volume spraying of cotton.
Analysis of the Effect of Land Cover Changes on the Increase in Land Surface Temperature in PT Amman Mineral Mining Area
Authors: Ridha R , Susanti F , Widayanti B H , Hirsan F P , Sampandi M A , Putri D A
Published: December 2024

Global warming is the process of increasing the average temperature of the atmosphere, one of which is caused by human activities in the use of space which influences the high level of land conversion. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of changes in land cover on increasing land surface temperatures in the area around the AMNT mining area using analytical methodsNormalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Regression statistical analysis. Research resultshows changes in land cover in the last 10 years from 2013 to 2023. An increase in land surface temperature at the study location, based on the results of Land Surface Temperature (LST) analysis shows an average increase in temperature of 1 °C in the last 10 years where temperature the minimum reached 22 °C while the maximum temperature reached 30 °C and the level of influence of land cover changes on the increase in land surface temperature based on simple linear regression analysis showed the level of influence reached 85.33% and was included in the very influential category.
Effect of phosphoric acid composition in the production and characterization of coal activated carbon
Authors: Suliestyah  , Tuheteru E J , Yulianti R , Palit C , Astuti A D , Sari I P , Putri S D , Tanjung A J
Published: December 2024

Liquid waste containing heavy metals must be treated before being released into the environment. This study investigated the potential of coal-derived activated carbon as an adsorbent in AMD (Acid Mine Drainage) treatment. Coal was activated with H3PO4 with five weight ratios (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50%), carbonized for 120 min at 650 °C, and subjected to the proximate analysis of activated carbon. The results showed that the water content, ash content, volatile matter content, and fixed carbon were generally in accordance with Indonesian standards (SNI). The results of FT-IR and SEM on BET surface area and total pore volume of activated carbon were 296.4 m2/g and 0.1562 cc/g, respectively, indicative of sizeable pores, cracks, channels, and active groups. The iodine outnumbered the minimum limit in the SNI, and the activated carbon quantity consistently increased with H3PO4 ratios. The iodine produced with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, and 50% H3PO4 was 956.95 mg/g, 967.13 mg/g, 1,221.63 mg/g, 1,206.346 mg/g, and 865.32 mg/g., respectively.
Achievement of overburden stripping production targets based on the calculation of cut-and-fill volume and truck count at Pit Middle West PT Cipta Bersama Sukses job site Tungkal Jaya
Authors: Saputra M R , Alpiana  , Herdiansyah A , Wijaya A
Published: December 2024

PT Cipta Bersama Sukses (PT CBS) calculates the volume of excavated materials using the mine progress survey method or truck count method. The common obstacle in the calculation is the discrepant results between survey production volume and truck count production volume. In November 2023, PT CBS set the production target of 291,790 BCM in overburden stripping production. It prompted this study to identify the causes of the discrepancy between the cut-and-fill calculation volume and the truck count volume, as well as the causes of the difference in target volume and actual production volume. We expect to provide references to the company in improving the performance quality the following month. This quantitative study gathered data from survey activities in the field and analyzed the data using Surpac 6.5.1 software. The total volume of overburden removal results in November 2023 using the cut-and-fill method was 331,446.883 BCM, and the truck count volume was 313,237.500 BCM, indicating a 5.494% difference with a standard deviation of 6.37%. It prompted the evaluation of data collection and calculation review. This research has achieved the overburden production target of 114% cut and fill volume and 107% truck count volume.
Magneto-structural properties of Mg-substituted copper ferrite nanoparticles
Authors: Mazurenko J , A K Sijo , Kaykan L , Michalik J M , Gondek Ł , Szostak E , A Żywczak , Moklyak V
Published: December 2024

This study explores the synthesis and characterization of magnesium-substituted copper ferrite (MgxCu1-xFe2O4, 0.0≤x≤1.0) nanoparticles using the polymer-assisted sol–gel self-combustion method. The effects of magnesium substitution on the structural, elastic, and magnetic properties of the ferrites were systematically investigated. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase cubic spinel structures with particle sizes ranging from 8–21 nm. A slight increases in the lattice parameter was observed with higher magnesium content, attributed to the substitution of smaller Cu2+ ions with slightly larger Mg2+ ions. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy revealed the spinel structure and complex magnetic interactions between ferromagnetic and superparamagnetic phases. The spin canting was observed and found to vary significantly across compositions, with a maximum canting angle of 58.47°. This notable result highlights the important magnetic behavior of these materials. The saturation magnetization (MS) varied across samples, with the x = 0.6 composition exhibiting optimal magnetic performance. Cation distribution analysis using XRD, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and magnetic measurements consistently showed the redistribution of cations between the tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites in the spinel structure. This research demonstrates the potential of magnesium-substituted copper ferrites for magnetic applications, with notable improvements in magnetic and structural properties due to cation substitution.
Stability of non-fullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells: chemical and physical properties at the interfaces and active layer
Authors: Flores Ian C , Casallas-Moreno Yenny L , Sacramento Ángel , Ramírez-Como Magali , Camacho-Reynoso Marlene , Cabrera Víctor , Kudriavtsev Yuriy , Rivera-Rodríguez Carlos , Reséndiz Luis M
Published: December 2024

Organic solar cells (OSCs) have improved power conversion efficiency (PCE); however, their stability remains challenging. This study evaluates the chemical stability and performance of non-fullerene acceptor-based OSCs (NFA-OSCs) using a blend of Poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl-3-fluoro)thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b’]dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1’,3’-di-2-thienyl-5’,7’-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1’,2’-c:4’,5’-c’]dithiophene-4,8-dione)] (PM6) and 2,2’-((2Z,2’Z)-((12,13-bis(2-ethylhexyl)-3,9-diundecyl-12,13-dihydro-[1,2,5]thiadiazolo[3,4-e]thieno[2’,3’‘:4’,5’]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]pyrrolo[3,2-g]thieno[2’,3’:4,5]thieno[3,2-b]indole-2,10-diyl)bis(methanylylidene))bis(5,6-dichloro-3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indene-2,1-diylidene))dimalononitrile (Y7). Inverted organic solar cells (iOSCs) were examined using indium tin oxide (ITO) as the cathode, N,N’-Bis(N,N-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide)perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PDINO) as the electron transport layer (ETL), PM6:Y7 as the active layer, molybdenum trioxide (MoO3) as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) as the anode. Over 270 days, without voltage application, NFA-iOSCs were exposed to ambient conditions, room temperature (RT) of 19.4 ± 0.4 °C and a relative humidity (RH) of 50 ± 5%, and monitored using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (TOF-SIMS), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–vis), and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that the active layer maintained stability with minimal degradation with or without protective layers (Ag and MoO3). The TOF-SIMS and XPS analyses confirmed that oxygen did not diffuse into the layers where it was initially absent, thereby ensuring chemical stability. Raman spectroscopy results supported these findings, showing stable vibrational modes over time. This study highlights the degradation mechanisms of NFA-OSCs and the importance of protective layers in extending the device lifetime, contributing to the durability and commercial viability of OSCs, and advancing sustainable solar energy technologies.
Designing for efficiency: an exploration of optimized joint configurations in tyne cultivator design
Authors: S Elavarasan , G Manimaran
Published: December 2024

In farming, soil ploughing for seedbed preparation is carried out using a 9-tyne cultivator. Friction commonly occurs at various joints, particularly when the tyne connects to the cultivator frame, which notably affects both performance and failure rates of the bolted joints. Previously, a bolt nut was used at this joint (joint 1), which caused rotation issues during ploughing. The tyne is now attached to the main frame via welded side plates, with springs providing preload on the joint. As the cultivator moves forward, the tyne exerts a draft force through the chisel plough onto the field. Continuous loading may lead to slight bending of the tyne, which can affect ploughing efficiency. To address the issue, an additional plate was welded onto joint 2, which initially reduced failures. However, problems persisted, particularly in joint 2, where significant frictional losses were still occurring. To further mitigate this, a bush pin was introduced in joint 3, enabling rotation within the bush and thereby reducing frictional losses and tyne bending. A comparison of joints 1, 2, and 3 was conducted, focusing on design parameters and the tractor draft force of the Swaraj 744FE model. The bush pin joint emerged as the most effective solution. Additionally, further optimizations through bush and pin size adjustments yielded promising results. The study highlights the reduction in friction losses, tyne bending, and FEM validation of stress analysis. Experimental and numerical displacement results under varying loads are compared for three types of joints. Joint 3 consistently shows superior performance, with experimental displacements of 0.55 mm at 0N, increasing to 1.25 mm at 10,000N, which aligns closely with numerical predictions. SEM analysis further reveals that Joint 3 has a smoother and more uniform surface, enhanced crack resistance, and structural integrity under stress compared to Joints 1 and 2. These findings validate the suitability of bush pin type joints for high stress and wear resistant applications, supported by their improved mechanical durability and numerical accuracy.