bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theta oscillations optimize a speed-precision trade-off in phase coding neurons
Authors: Amil Adrián F. , Albesa-González Albert , Verschure Paul F.M.J.
Published: December 2022

Low-frequency oscillations shape how neurons sample their synaptic inputs, regulating information exchange across networks. In the hippocampus, theta-band oscillations (3–8 Hz) reorganize cortical input signals temporally, resulting in a phase code. However, the reason hippocampal oscillations are limited to low frequencies like the theta band remains unclear. Here, we derive a theoretical framework for neuronal phase coding to show that realistic noise levels create a trade-off between sampling speed (controlled by oscillation frequency) and encoding precision in hippocampal neurons. This speed-precision trade-off produces a maximum in information rate within the theta band of~1–2 bits/s. Additionally, we demonstrate that our framework explains other key hippocampal properties, such as the preservation of theta along the dorsoventral axis despite various physiological gradients, and the modulation of theta frequency and amplitude by the animal’s running speed. Extending our analysis to extra-hippocampal areas, we propose that theta oscillations may also support efficient encoding of stimuli in visual cortex and olfactory bulb. More broadly, we lay the groundwork for rigorously studying how system constraints determine optimal sampling frequency regimes for phase coding neurons in biological and artificial brains.

Author Summary

The rodent hippocampus exhibits prominent oscillations in the theta band (3–8 Hz) during exploration, enabling individual neurons to rhythmically sample and represent sensory signals from the cortex. However, the reason behind the specific frequency of this hippocampal rhythm has remained unclear. In this study, we developed a biologically-based theoretical framework to demonstrate that neurons using oscillations to efficiently sample noisy signals encounter a trade-off between their sampling speed (i.e., oscillation frequency) and their coding precision (i.e., reliability of encoding). Notably, our findings reveal that this trade-off is optimized precisely within the theta band, while also providing insights into other fundamental features. In conclusion, we offer an explanation grounded in efficient coding for why hippocampal oscillations are confined to the theta band and establish a foundation for exploring how the properties of individual neurons determine optimal sampling frequencies in specific neural circuits.
Lysine deserts prevent adventitious ubiquitylation of ubiquitin-proteasome components
Authors: Kampmeyer Caroline , Grønbæk-Thygesen Martin , Oelerich Nicole , Tatham Michael H. , Cagiada Matteo , Lindorff-Larsen Kresten , Boomsma Wouter , Hofmann Kay , Hartmann-Petersen Rasmus
Published: December 2022

In terms of its relative frequency, lysine is a common amino acid in the human proteome. However, by bioinformatics we find hundreds of proteins that contain long and evolutionarily conserved stretches completely devoid of lysine residues. These so-called lysine deserts show a high prevalence in intrinsically disordered proteins with known or predicted functions within the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), including many E3 ubiquitin-protein ligases and UBL domain proteasome substrate shuttles, such as BAG6, RAD23A, UBQLN1 and UBQLN2. We show that introduction of lysine residues into the deserts leads to a striking increase in ubiquitylation of some of these proteins. In case of BAG6, we show that ubiquitylation is catalyzed by the E3 RNF126, while RAD23A is ubiquitylated by E6AP. Despite the elevated ubiquitylation, mutant RAD23A appears stable, but displays a partial loss of function phenotype in fission yeast. In case of UBQLN1 and BAG6, introducing lysine leads to a reduced abundance due to proteasomal degradation of the proteins. For UBQLN1 we show that arginine residues within the lysine depleted region are critical for its ability to form cytosolic inclusions. We propose that selective pressure to avoid lysine residues may be a common evolutionary mechanism to prevent unwarranted ubiquitylation and/or perhaps other lysine post-translational modifications. This may be particularly relevant for UPS components as they closely and frequently encounter the ubiquitylation machinery and are thus more susceptible to non-specific ubiquitylation.
Sexually dimorphic regulation of gonadotrope cell hyperplasia in medaka pituitary via mitosis and transdifferentiation
Authors: Royan Muhammad Rahmad , Kayo Daichi , Weltzien Finn-Arne , Fontaine Romain
Published: December 2022

The two pituitary gonadotropins, Fsh and Lh, regulate the reproductive function in vertebrates. While many studies have investigated the regulation of gonadotropin production and release by the sex steroid feedback, its role on the regulation of gonadotrope cell number remains unclear. Using medaka as a model and an optimized protocol to restore physiological sex steroids levels following gonadectomy, we show that gonadal sex steroids not only decreasefshbtranscript levels, but also Fsh cell number in both sexes. We then investigated the origin of the Fsh cell hyperplasia induced by gonadectomy. In both sexes, BrdU incubation shows that this is achieved via Fsh cell mitosis.In situhybridization reveals that new Fsh cells also originate from transdifferentiating Tsh cells in females, but not in males. Both phenomena are inhibited by sex steroid supplementation via feeding. In males (but not females), gonadectomy (without recovery with sex steroid supplementation) also reducessox2transcript levels and Sox2-immunopositive population volume, suggesting that sox2-progenitors may be recruited to produce new Fsh cells. Opposite to Fsh cells, gonadectomy decreaseslhblevels in both sexes, and levels are not restored by sex steroid supplementation. In addition, the regulation of Lh cell number also seems to be sex dependent. Removal of gonadal sex steroids stimulates Lh cell mitosis in male (like Fsh cells), but not in females. To conclude, our study provides the first evidence on sexually dimorphic mechanisms used in the fish pituitary to remodel gonadotrope populations in response to sex steroids.

HIGHLIGHTS

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Supplementing gonadectomized fish with sex steroids via feeding allows for the recovery of physiological circulating levels of sex steroids.

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Gonadal sex steroids not only regulate gonadotrope cell activity, but also gonadotrope cell number.

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Removal of gonadal sex steroids induces Fsh cell hyperplasia via mitosis of Fsh cells in both sexes, and transdifferentiation of Tsh cells into bi-hormonal Tsh/Fsh cells in females only.

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Gonadectomy also reduces the number of Sox2 progenitor cells in males (but not in females), suggesting that they may be recruited to contribute to Fsh cell hyperplasia.

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Removal of gonadal sex steroids stimulates Lh cell mitosis in males, but not in females.
A heterotrimeric complex ofToxoplasmaproteins promotes parasite survival in interferon gamma stimulated human cells
Authors: Lockyer Eloise J. , Torelli Francesca , Butterworth Simon , Song Ok-Ryul , Howell Steven , Weston Anne , East Philip , Treeck Moritz
Published: December 2022

Toxoplasma gondiisecretes protein effectors to subvert the human immune system sufficiently to establish a chronic infection. Relative to murine infections, little is known about which parasite effectors disarm human immune responses. Here we used targeted CRISPR screening to identify secreted protein effectors required for parasite survival in IFNγ-activated human cells. Independent screens were carried out using twoToxoplasmastrains which differ in virulence in mice, leading to the identification of effectors required for survival in IFNγ-activated human cells. We identify the secreted protein GRA57 and two other proteins, GRA70 and GRA71, that together form a complex which enhances the ability of parasites to persist in IFNγ-activated human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs). Components of the protein machinery required for export ofToxoplasmaproteins into the host cell were also found to be important for parasite resistance to IFNγ in human cells, but these export components function independently of the identified protein complex. Host-mediated ubiquitination of the parasite vacuole has previously been associated with increased parasite clearance from human cells, but we find that vacuoles from GRA57, GRA70 and GRA71 knockout strains are surprisingly less ubiquitinated by the host cell. We hypothesise that deletion of this trimeric complex renders parasites hypersensitive to remaining ubiquitination, resulting in increased parasite clearance.
Genome-wide detection of positive and balancing selection signatures shared by four domesticated rainbow trout populations (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: Paul K. , Restoux G. , Phocas F.
Published: December 2022

Evolutionary processes leave footprints across the genome over time. Highly homozygous regions may correspond to positive selection of favourable alleles, while maintenance of heterozygous regions may be due to balancing selection phenomena. We analyzed 176 genomes coming from 20 sequenced US fish and 156 fish from three different French lines that were genotyped using a HD Axiom Trout Genotyping 665K SNP Array. Using methods based on either Run of Homozygosity or Extended Haplotype Homozygosity, we detected selection signals in four domesticated rainbow trout populations. Nine genomic regions composed of 253 genes, mainly located on chromosome 2 but also on chromosomes 12, 15, 16, and 20, were identified under positive selection in all four populations. In addition, four heterozygous regions containing 29 genes putatively under balancing selection were also shared by the four populations and located on chromosomes 10, 13, and 19. Whatever the homozygous or heterozygous nature of the region, we always found some genes highly conserved among vertebrates due to their critical roles in cellular and nuclear organisation, embryonic development or immunity. We identify new promising candidate genes involved in rainbow trout fitness, as well as genes already detected under positive selection in other fishes (auts2, atp1b3, zp4, znf135, igf-1α, brd2, col9a2, mrap2, pbx1, emilin-3). These findings represent a genome-wide map of signatures of selection common over rainbow trout populations, which is the foundation to understand the processes in action and to identify what kind of diversity should be preserved, or conversely avoided in breeding programs, in order to maintain or improve essential biological functions in domesticated rainbow trout populations.
Two types of locus coeruleus norepinephrine neurons drive reinforcement learning
Authors: Su Zhixiao , Cohen Jeremiah Y.
Published: December 2022

The cerebral cortex generates flexible behavior by learning. Reinforcement learning is thought to be driven by error signals in midbrain dopamine neurons. However, they project more densely to basal ganglia than cortex, leaving open the possibility of another source of learning signals for cortex. The locus coeruleus (LC) contains most of the brain’s norepinephrine (NE) neurons and project broadly to cortex. We measured activity from identified mouse LC-NE neurons during a behavioral task requiring ongoing learning from reward prediction errors (RPEs). We found two types of LC-NE neurons: neurons with wide action potentials (type I) were excited by positive RPE and showed an increasing relationship with change of choice likelihood. Neurons with thin action potentials (type II) were excited by lack of reward and showed a decreasing relationship with change of choice likelihood. Silencing LC-NE neurons changed future choices, as predicted from the electrophysiological recordings and a model of how RPEs are used to guide learning. We reveal functional heterogeneity of a neuromodulatory system in the brain and show that NE inputs to cortex act as a quantitative learning signal for flexible behavior.
Being “green” to trust and continue in a global pandemic
Authors: Thao Nguyen Thi Phuong , Tran Lobel Trong Thuy
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Given the severe impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on bank business activities, this study aims to examine how green brand image and online trust affect customers' continuance intention (CI) under the boundary condition of perceived effectiveness of e-services (PEES).

Design/methodology/approach

An extensive review of the green marketing perspective was conducted to identify the incremental contributions of the current study (e.g. extensions of online trust and PEES). The authors used the common questionnaire survey strategy for the data collection while applying the partial least squares technique for further analyses.

Findings

Using data from 460 bank customers, the findings indicated that online trust positively mediates the relationship between green brand image and CI under the moderating effect of PEES. At high levels of PEES, online trust exerts strongest effect on customers' CI.

Research limitations/implications

This study responds to the emerging call for understanding the PEES role, under which online trust leads to CI in the context of the global pandemic.

Practical implications

The authors provide bank managers with a helpful extension of green marketing with PEES to manage online trust and customer intention, thereby increasing the managers' strategic effectiveness.

Originality/value

The current study explores the moderating role of PEES that plays in the green brand image, online trust and CI relationships, in responding to the pandemic situation.
“Work it, work it non-stop” – Event industry employees' unconscious application of the Five Ways to Wellbeing
Authors: Stadler Raphaela , Walters Trudie , Jepson Allan Stewart
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper explores mental wellbeing in the events industry. We argue that mental wellbeing is often difficult to achieve in the stressful and deadline-driven events industry, and that better awareness and understanding of specific actions for employees to flourish at work is needed.

Design/methodology/approach

We used in-depth semi-structured interviews with event professionals in the UK to investigate their individual coping strategies. To contextualise, we used the Five Ways to Wellbeing framework as an analytical tool.

Findings

Our findings reveal that event professionals currently unconsciously engage in a variety of actions to maintain and enhance their mental wellbeing outside of work, but not at work. Out of the Five Ways to Wellbeing, specific actions to Connect, Be Active and Take Notice were most important to event professionals. The remaining two ways, Keep Learning and Give, were also identified in the data, although they were less prominent.

Practical implications

We present recommendations for event professionals to more consciously engage with the Five Ways to Wellbeing and for employers to develop mental wellbeing initiatives that allow their employees to flourish.

Originality/value

In event studies, the Five Ways to Wellbeing have thus far only been applied to event attendees, volunteers and the local community. Our paper highlights how event employees can also benefit from engaging in some of the actions set out in the framework to enhance their mental wellbeing at work.
Characterizing teachers' collective learning through lesson study as document development: a case study in China
Authors: Huang Xingfeng , Huang Rongjin
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study aimed to explore how an adapted theoretical framework by networking two theories could help document teachers' collective learning through lesson study.

Design/methodology/approach

Interconnected Model of Teacher Professional Growth (IMPG) and Documentational Approach to Didactics (DAD) has been used individually to document teachers' professional learning from different aspects. The IMPG captures teachers’ growth through the iterative process and dynamics (i.e. enactment and reflection) among four domains (personal domain, external domain, practice domain and consequence domain). At the same time, the DAD primarily focuses on teacher learning through the interactions between resources and teachers. To deepen understanding of teachers' learning through lesson study, in this study, a networked theoretical framework through which the DAD model is enriched by incorporating some ideas from IMPG is proposed. A lesson study, including five stages of study, plan, enact, reflect and refine, facilitated by a researcher was conducted in Shanghai China. The data sets including all videotaped meetings and research lessons and lesson plans of the lesson study are analyzed based on the adapted framework qualitatively.

Findings

The results show that the teachers' document evolved from adopting the traditional teaching materials to adapting both traditional ones and e-resources with careful consideration of student learning through the lesson study process.

Research limitations/implications

This study advances our understanding of networking strategies and their usefulness for deepening teacher professional learning as document development through lesson study. However, the sustainability of this type of professional learning needs to be further explored.

Originality/value

This study expands teacher learning through lesson study as the document development and enriches the DAD theory by illuminating the process of the documentational genesis.
Gimmick or revolution: can corporate digital transformation improve accounting information quality?
Authors: Chen Wanyi , Cai Weiyu , Hu Yingfan , Zhang Yuke , Yu Qinyuan
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This study explores the impact mechanism of corporate digital transformation (CDT) on the quality of accounting information.

Design/methodology/approach

Samples of A-share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen stock exchanges from 2007 to 2020 are used as a research sample. The empirical analysis is based on the ordinary least squares regression model, and mediation and moderation effect models were used in further analysis.

Findings

This study finds that CDT enhances accounting information quality by alleviating the agency problem. This positive effect is more significant among firms that exhibit less media coverage, have low industry competition and are not subject to cyber-attack.

Originality/value

This study extends the economic consequences of CDT and enriches the literature on the factors that affect accounting information quality. Further, this study's findings guide the government to actively promote CDT, facilitate the digital upgrading of industries and improve accounting information quality and efficiency in capital markets.
The lens of theory: seeing better or differently?
Authors: Nordberg Donald
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This article explicates the notion of using a “theoretical lens” to interpret research data, which has grown increasingly common in recent decades, often without a second thought about the implications of use of a mere metaphor in the pursuit of truth. Poets may not question that metaphors reveal truths, but should social scientists accept that?

Design/methodology/approach

It looks first at what theory means, then – and in greater detail – what the metaphor of a lens entails.

Findings

Drawing on the base analogy in optics, it identifies four mechanisms through which theory might act as a lens – adjustment, correction, distortion and augmentation-suppression, with examples based on theories of business strategy and organisation studies.

Research limitations/implications

These four mechanisms involve two different ways of seeing – better and differently. With adjustment and correction see better what is, or perhaps what was. With distortion and especially augmentation-suppression, we see differently, which helps us imagine what might be, or what we might have overlooked. They help us escape narrow silos of thinking. Researchers and students alike need to be aware of all four lenses of theory and be ready to experiment.

Originality/value

It argues that if some theories try to help us see better, others push us to see differently, with implications for the practice and teaching of research methods.
Assessing the long-run and short-run effect of monetary variables on stock market in the presence of structural breaks: evidence from liberalized India
Authors: Bhattacharjee Animesh , Das Joy
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The present study examines the long-run and short-run effects of monetary factors (money supply, interest rate, inflation and foreign currency exchange rate) on the Indian stock market.

Design/methodology/approach

The study used sophisticated econometric tools to analyse monthly observations from January 1993 to December 2019.

Findings

The augmented Dickey–Fuller (ADF) test indicates that the variables involved in the present study are either I(0) or I(1). The Bai–Perron test multiple break point test identifies four breakpoint dates in the Indian stock market index series. The breakpoint dates are incorporated as different dummy variables in the autoregressive distributed lag-error correction model (ARDL-ECM) regression. The F-bounds test reveals that the variables in the study are cointegrated within the time period under consideration. This study’s findings show that the interest rate, which is a proxy for monetary policy instrument, and the foreign currency exchange rate have a negative impact on the Indian stock market. Furthermore, the authors find that structural changes significantly affect the performance of Indian stock market.

Practical implications

The study's outcomes indicate that economic factors should be taken into account by investors and portfolio managers when formulating long-term investment strategies. The government, through the Reserve Bank of India, should exercise caution in avoiding discretionary actions that could increase interest rates since the flow of funds to the stock market will be disrupted. To reduce risk, investors should keep a close eye on how interest rates and foreign exchange rates are rising.

Originality/value

The study covers a long period of time, which the majority of previous work did not consider. Furthermore, the study uses different dummy variables in the ARDL model to represent structural breaks (as determined by the Bai–Perron multiple break point test).
Regulation and policy-making for urban cultural heritage preservation: a comparison between Iran and Italy
Authors: Boodaghi Omid , Fanni Zohreh , Mehan Asma
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Despite various comparative studies in the field of cultural heritage protection in the world, there is still a significant lack of comparative research on policies related to the legal system of countries' governance. The purpose of this study is to address the comparative policies in Iran and Italy, with a particular focus on the results of the executive experiences of two different types of policies in the cities of Oroumieh (North-West of Iran) and Turin (in North-West of Italy).

Design/methodology/approach

Utilising the comparative, analytical, bibliographic and descriptive historical research methodology, which is based on the study of the local, national and international comprehensive review of regulations and policy-making of cultural heritage preservation policies in Iran and Italy. In this research, the related documents in three languages (Persian, Italian and English) have been examined to compare profoundly and comprehensively the policies and regulations adopted in these two countries to be able to analyze the national and transnational regulations and local policies in the cultural heritage sector.

Findings

In addition to many cultural similarities and numerous commonalities, especially in the multiplicity of urban cultural heritage in historical centers, the results suggest that the legislation structure in Iran is much more centralized than in Italy. Also, the findings suggest that Italy focuses on aligning its previously centralized national legislative system in line with contemporary European heritage and preservation policies.

Originality/value

The paper outlines how to use historical and cultural similarities through comparative study to benefit the experiences of two historical countries in urban heritage conservation and policy-making part despite their differences.
Molecular dynamics simulation-based microstructure evolution and subsurface damage of Fe-Ni alloy grinding
Authors: Guo Weicheng , Wu Chongjun , Meng Xiankai , Luo Chao , Lin Zhijian
Published: December 2022

Purpose

Molecular dynamics is an emerging simulation technique in the field of machining in recent years. Many researchers have tried to simulate different processing methods of various materials with the theory of molecular dynamics (MD), and some preliminary conclusions have been obtained. However, the application of MD simulation is more limited compared with traditional finite element model (FEM) simulation technique due to the complex modeling approach and long computation time. Therefore, more studies on the MD simulations are required to provide a reliable theoretical basis for the nanoscale interpretation of grinding process. This study investigates the crystal structures, dislocations, force, temperature and subsurface damage (SSD) in the grinding of iron-nickel alloy using MD analysis.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study the simulation model is established on the basis of the workpiece and single cubic boron nitride (CBN) grit with embedded atom method and Morse potentials describing the forces and energies between different atoms. The effects of grinding parameters on the material microstructure are studied based on the simulation results.

Findings

When CBN grit goes through one of the grains, the arrangement of atoms within the grain will be disordered, but other grains will not be easily deformed due to the protection of the grain boundaries. Higher grinding speed and larger cutting depth can cause greater impact of grit on the atoms, and more body-centered cubic (BCC) structures will be destroyed. The dislocations will appear in grain boundaries due to the rearrangement of atoms in grinding. The increase of grinding speed results in the more transformation from BCC to amorphous structures.

Originality/value

This study is aimed to study the grinding of Fe-Ni alloy (maraging steel) with single grit through MD simulation method, and to reveal the microstructure evolution within the affected range of SSD layer in the workpiece. The simulation model of polycrystalline structure of Fe-Ni maraging steel and grinding process of single CBN grit is constructed based on the Voronoi algorithm. The atomic accumulation, transformation of crystal structures, evolution of dislocations as well as the generation of SSD are discussed according to the simulation results.
The impact of relationship management on manufacturer resilience in emergencies
Authors: Yang Jianhua , Liu Yuying , Kholaif Moustafa Mohamed Nazief Haggag Kotb
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of two typical relationship management approaches (trust relationship with suppliers and reciprocity) on manufacturer resilience in the context of the COVID-19 crisis. Moreover, this paper aims to deepen the understanding of environmental uncertainty's moderating effect on the association between the trust relationship with suppliers (TRS) and reciprocity.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling has been used to test the hypotheses on 361 Chinese manufacturing firms' managers and independent directors during the COVID-19 crisis.

Findings

The results reveal that reciprocity positively enhances three dimensions of manufacturer resilience, namely, preparedness, responsiveness and recovery capability. Reciprocity positively mediates the relationships between TRS and preparedness, responsiveness and recovery capability. Moreover, environmental uncertainty moderates the association between TRS and reciprocity.

Practical implications

This study highlights the critical role of reciprocity, the relational governance approach, in enhancing manufacturer resilience in practice. This paper suggests that during emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic, managers should adopt trust and reciprocity in supplier relationship governance to strengthen the resilience of manufacturing companies and adapt effective strategies according to the environment.

Originality/value

This study is unique in developing new scales of manufacturer resilience through interviews and surveys with Chinese manufacturers and theoretical research. Based on the social capital theory and social exchange theory, this study shed light on the role of trust and reciprocity. It also bridges relational governance theory with the literature on manufacturing firm resilience literature to help manufacturers better understand the transdisciplinary links between relationship management and resilient operations in emergencies.
SME corporate governance: a literature review of informal mechanisms for governance
Authors: Handley Karen , Molloy Courtney
Published: December 2022

Purpose

This paper takes a structured literature review (SLR) approach to identify gaps in the literature and suggest future research opportunities. It focuses on corporate governance (CG) performed outside the formal board of directors’ structure and examines research of alternative CG of small and medium-sized entities (SMEs).

Design/methodology/approach

The authors use the SLR method to search the Scopus database, extracting and synthesising findings relating specifically to SMEs’ CG. These are tabulated and described using bibliometric software.

Findings

The authors highlight an absence of tailored theoretical approaches to understanding CG in SMEs, which differs from the governance of larger entities. They also find evidence of alternative governance structures in SME CG.

Research limitations/implications

Further research should embrace management and other theoretical perspectives and expanded methodologies, nuances in understanding offered in contextualised settings and awareness of practical implications to better understand the specific setting of CG in SMEs.

Practical implications

SMEs seek to access the scarce resources and skills external to their formal CG structures. Regulators and resource providers should mobilise facilitation and training for this expansion.

Originality/value

The authors synthesise a large body of literature to extract findings specific to SMEs. A unique contribution is our focus on alternative forms of CG in SMEs. Evidence of alternative boards points to resolutions for human capital shortages in SMEs.
Art and tourism – a systematic review of the literature
Authors: Slak Valek Nataša , Mura Paolo
Published: December 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to present a review of published academic work on art and tourism. A distinction between papers researching tourism and mentioning art just as one of tourism activities and papers covering “art tourism” specifically is proposed.

Design/methodology/approach

The review is grounded on a content analysis of studies containing the words “art” and “tourism” published in the Scopus database. Moreover, to analyze papers specifically consisting of the term “art tourism” a theory‐context‐characteristics‐methods structure was used – the authors call these papers art–tourism-specific papers.

Findings

While the number of “art and tourism” papers has been increasing in the past 40 years, little is known about “art tourism” as an independent form of tourism. This study finds limited work on art tourists’ characteristics, preferences and behaviors as costumers. No art-based research and little research with visual representations was found. Artists are very rarely participants of art tourism research.

Research limitations/implications

Most research is conceptual, and little applied research can be identified. Importantly, besides synthesizing and critically assessing the current corpus of knowledge on art tourism, this review presents a final roadmap with directions for future research. One of the limitations of this review is that only studies included in the Scopus database and published in English were considered.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study provides the first comprehensive systematic review of published academic research on art and tourism in the past 40 years. The results of this study offer directions to future art tourism researchers.
Generative production and evaluation of ornamental plant potential of an endemic flax species for ecological landscape applications
Authors: Erken Kamil
Published: December 2022

The flax genus consists of several natural species, which have the potential as ornamental plants for ecological landscape applications. Linum pamphylicum subsp. olympicum is an endemic, naturally occurring flax species that can only be found in Bursa, Turkey. The aim of the study is to examine the morphological and biological characteristics of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum in relation to its cultivation and ornamental plant potential, and to reveal the best germination practices, as well as to establish an ex situ conservation garden. According to the results, in natural conditions, L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum taxon forms a spreading habitus that is resistant to infertile and arid soil conditions. It covers the soil surface with an average width of 40.50 cm and average height of 16.63 cm foliage. It grows an average of 50.80 annual flowering branches. It is a natural taxon that draws attention with its bright yellow and long‐lasting flowers. Germination of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum seeds suffers due to physical and physiological dormancy. By this study, the germination of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum seeds was improved up to 92.33% by using 4000 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) treatments. Both cold–wet stratifications with soaking in 4000 or 2000 ppm GA3 provided the fastest germination speed of T50 = 14 days. With the current study germination of L. pamphylicum subsp. olympicum seeds was improved significantly, the phenological and morphological characteristics were determined and a seed resource garden was established for ornamental plant studies.
The Incomes of Visual Artists: Which Artists, What Income?
Authors: MacNeill Kate , Lye Jenny , McQuilten Grace , Badham Marnie , Powell Chloë
Published: December 2022

We review a body of literature that addresses the incomes of visual artists and their participation in the labour market. It is clear that the level and composition of visual artists’ incomes varies widely, as does their engagement in different forms of employment. The lack of a consistent definition of an artist and a lack of consistency in income sources included in current data collection presents challenges for researchers. The focus of our research is on the economic status of visual artists in Australia, and we identify a number of considerations that might inform policy responses to their financial position.
Who really benefits from intraperitoneal chemotherapy for advanced ovarian cancer? A treatment‐free survival analysis of the AICE trial
Authors: Xiang Libing , Shen Lina , Chen Yulian , Guo Yi , Jiang Rong , Zhang Wen , Jia Huixun , Wu Zhenyu , Zang Rongyu
Published: December 2022

Objective

To investigate whether peritoneal disease extent can predict the survival benefit of intraperitoneal/intravenous (IP/IV) chemotherapy in ovarian cancer.

Design

A treatment‐free survival (TFS) analysis.

Setting

Five‐centre trial.

Population

An extended follow‐up of the Additional Intraperitoneal Cisplatin and Etoposide in ovarian cancer (AICE) trial (NCT01669226), with data cut‐off on 27 August 2020. Patients were categorised into subgroups with high tumour burden (HTB) and low tumour burden (LTB).

Methods

Overall survival (OS) was divided into time on protocol treatment exposure (T), time free of subsequent treatment or death (TFS) and time after the first subsequent therapy (REL). TFS analyses and quality‐adjusted OS were calculated by multiplying the mean time in each health state by its assigned utility: quality‐adjusted OS = ut × T + TFS + urel × REL.

Main outcome measures

The area under each Kaplan–Meier curve was estimated using the 96‐month restricted mean time, with threshold utility analyses used to illustrate quality‐adjusted OS comparisons.

Results

In the HTB subgroup, the restricted mean TFS was 33.9 months and 18.7 months in the IP/IV and IV groups, respectively (p = 0.005), with a significant quality‐adjusted OS gain (13.2–16.0 months). In the LTB subgroup, IP/IV therapy yielded no survival benefit in either TFS (p = 0.268) or quality‐adjusted OS (range: 1.4–6.3 months).

Conclusions

Both TFS and quality‐adjusted OS was longer across all utility weight values with IP/IV than with standard IV therapy in the HTB subgroup, whereas patients in the LTB subgroup did not benefit from the therapy. The tumour burden of ovarian cancer should be assessed before deciding on IP/IV versus IV treatment.
Primary lung sebaceous carcinoma successfully treated with radiotherapy and pembrolizumab: A case report
Authors: Jodai Yasumiko , Hamada Shohei , Yamada Mikiko , Masuda Yuiko , Anai Moriyasu , Jodai Takayuki , Tomita Yusuke , Saeki Sho , Ichiyasu Hidenori , Sakagami Takuro
Published: December 2022

Sebaceous carcinoma is a rare cutaneous malignant tumor, usually occurring on the eyelids, head, neck, and trunk. There have been few reports about sebaceous carcinoma with primary lung cancer, for which optimal therapy has not yet been established. A 70‐year‐old man presented with a mass in the left iliac bone and tumor of the lower left lung. The morphological characteristics of the iliac bone biopsy pathology and immunostaining results showed sebaceous gland differentiation. After systemic examination, we diagnosed a primary lung sebaceous carcinoma with intrapulmonary and bone metastases. PD‐L1 was positive in 1%–24% of tumor cells, and microsatellites were stable. We detected protein kinase B (AKT1) mutations using the Oncomine Dx target test. Palliative radiotherapy (RT) of a total of 45 Gy was provided in 15 fractions to the left iliac region, which resulted in a 25% reduction in the tumor size. Subsequently, four courses of first‐line pembrolizumab led to a 30% reduction in the total tumor count. RT and pembrolizumab may be treatment options for certain rare primary sebaceous carcinomas of the lungs. A synergistic effect from RT and subsequent administration of immune checkpoint inhibitors may have contributed to tumor reduction.
Reconstruction of a full‐thickness upper third defect of the helix ear using a single‐stage chondrocutaneous composite transposition flap
Authors: Burgos‐Blasco Patricia , de Perosanz‐Lobo Dario , Rios‐Buceta Luis , Bea‐Ardebol Sonia
Published: December 2022

The external ear is a crucial part of the ear's anatomy for both functional and aesthetic purposes. We present a defect after the extirpation of an invasive squamous cell carcinoma, where the final defect involved the superior third of the outer ear, missing both cartilage and skin. The regional chondrocutaneous composite transposition flap of the ipsilateral auricular concha is a one‐stage technique that successfully preserves the helical rim's shape and size.
Permutation entropy and its variants for measuring temporal dependence
Authors: Huang Xin , Shang Han Lin , Pitt David
Published: December 2022

Permutation entropy (PE) is an ordinal‐based non‐parametric complexity measure for studying the temporal dependence structure in a linear or non‐linear time series. Based on the PE, we propose a new measure, namely permutation dependence (PD), to quantify the strength of the temporal dependence in a univariate time series and remedy the major drawbacks of PE. We demonstrate that the PE and PD are viable and useful alternatives to conventional temporal dependence measures, such as the autocorrelation function (ACF) and mutual information (MI). Compared to the ACF, the PE and PD are not restricted in detecting the linear or quasi‐linear serial correlation in an autoregression model. Instead, they can be viewed as non‐parametric and non‐linear alternatives since they do not require any prior knowledge or assumptions about the underlying structure. Compared to MI estimated by k‐nearest neighbour, PE and PD show added sensitivity to structures of relatively weak strength. We compare the finite‐sample performance of the PE and PD with the ACF and the MI estimated by k‐nearest neighbour in a number of simulation studies to showcase their respective strengths and weaknesses. Moreover, their performance under non‐stationarity is also investigated. Using high‐frequency EUR/USD exchange rate returns data, we apply the PE and PD to study the temporal dependence structure in intraday foreign exchange.
Population pharmacokinetics and exposure–response analyses of daratumumab plus pomalidomide/dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma
Authors: Dosne Anne‐Gaelle , Li Xia , Luo Man Melody , Nnane Ivo , Dimopoulos Meletios A. , Terpos Evangelos , Sonneveld Pieter , Kampfenkel Tobias , Carson Robin , Amin Himal , Perez Ruixo Juan , Zhou Honghui , Sun Yu‐Nien , Xu Yan
Published: December 2022

Aim

A population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model was developed to characterize pharmacokinetics (PK) of subcutaneous or intravenous daratumumab administration in a new indication (i.e., combination with pomalidomide and dexamethasone [D‐Pd] in patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma [RRMM]). Analyses were conducted to explore exposure–response (E‐R) relationships for efficacy and select treatment‐emergent adverse events (TEAEs).

Methods

The PPK analysis included pooled data from the D‐Pd cohorts of the phase 3 APOLLO and phase 1b EQUULEUS studies. Covariates were evaluated in the PPK model. Model‐predicted exposures to daratumumab were compared between covariate subgroups of interest and used to investigate relationships between daratumumab exposure and efficacy and safety in APOLLO.

Results

The PPK analysis included 1146 daratumumab PK samples from 239 patients (APOLLO, n = 140; EQUULEUS, n = 99). Observed concentration–time data of daratumumab were well described by a two‐compartment PPK model with first‐order absorption and parallel linear and nonlinear elimination pathways. Treatment with D‐Pd provided similar daratumumab PK characteristics versus historical daratumumab monotherapy. The E‐R dataset contained data from 290 APOLLO patients (D‐Pd, n = 140; Pd, n = 150). The PK–efficacy relationship of daratumumab supported improved progression‐free survival for patients in the D‐Pd group vs. the Pd group. Additionally, TEAEs did not increase with increasing PK exposure in the D‐Pd group.

Conclusions

The PPK and E‐R analyses support the daratumumab subcutaneous 1800 mg dosing regimen in combination with Pd for treatment of patients with RRMM. No dose adjustment is recommended in this indication for any of the investigated factors, none of which had clinically relevant effects on daratumumab PK.
Exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR promotes osteoclast differentiation by targeting TGF‐β/PTHrP/RANKL pathway
Authors: Zhang Chengcheng , Yang Jiyong , Zhu Zhiyao , Qin Jingru , Yang Lu , Zhao Xiaoxue , Su Wan , Cai Yuejiao , Yang Jia , Wang Fengying , Chen Wenlian , Gu Honggang , Deng Haibin , Wang Zhongqi
Published: December 2022

Bone tissue is a common metastatic site of lung cancer, and bone metastasis is characterized by abnormal differentiation and malfunction of osteoclast, and the roles of exosomes derived from lung cancer have attracted much attention. In our study, we found that the level of HOTAIR expression in A549 and H1299 exosomes was higher than those of normal lung fibrocytes. Overexpression of HOTAIR in A549 and H1299 exosomes promoted osteoclast differentiation. Furthermore, A549‐Exos and H1299‐Exos targeted bone tissues, and bone formation was significantly inhibited in vivo. Mechanistically, exosomal lncRNA HOTAIR promoted bone resorption by targeting TGF‐β/PTHrP/RANKL pathway.
Identification of a signature based on non‐apoptotic regulatory cell death to improve prognosis prediction in acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Zheng Yu , Weng Xiangqin , Hu Dong , He Jing
Published: December 2022

Although anti‐apoptotic cell death is a common feature of cancer and non‐apoptotic regulatory cell death (RCD) is highly correlated with cancer progression and response to therapy, its prognostic role in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is unknown. The RNA sequence and clinical data from AML patients were downloaded from the TCGA and GEO databases. The prognostic characteristics of non‐apoptotic RCD‐related genes (NRGs) were determined by Cox and LASSO regression analysis. Thirteen NRG signatures were identified as independent prognostic parameters in patients with AML that outperformed other prognostic models. Higher NRG scores were associated with shorter survival and less retention of tumour mutations. Although patients with high NRG risk have abundant signalling pathways for cell adhesion, cytokine upregulation, and cellular defence responses, patients with low NRG risk may benefit the most from immunotherapy. Specifically, patients with high NRG score may benefit from treatment with anti‐EGFR and CDK2 inhibitors, including erlotinib and roscovitine. The NPM1 and FLT3 mutant cell lines undergo alterations after multiple drug treatments. Our established NRG signature and scoring highlight its vital clinical significance, emphasize the inevitability of stratifying treatment for different mutation subtypes and provide new ideas to guide personalized immunotherapy strategies for AML patients.
Immune correlates of protection by vaccine against SARS‐CoV‐2 in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia
Authors: Sorcini Daniele , De Falco Filomena , Gargaro Marco , Bozza Silvia , Guarente Valerio , Cardinali Valeria , Stella Arianna , Adamo Francesco Maria , Silva Barcelos Estevao Carlos , Rompietti Chiara , Dorillo Erica , Geraci Clelia , Esposito Angela , Arcaleni Roberta , Capoccia Silvia , Mameli Maria Grazia , Graziani Alessandro , Moretti Lorenzo , Cipiciani Alessandra , Riccardi Carlo , Mencacci Antonella , Fallarino Francesca , Rosati Emanuela , Sportoletti Paolo
Published: December 2022

In chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) the efficacy of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination remains unclear as most studies have focused on humoral responses. Here we comprehensively examined humoral and cellular responses to vaccine in CLL patients. Seroconversion was observed in 55.2% of CLL with lower rate and antibody titres in treated patients. T‐cell responses were detected in a significant fraction of patients. CD4+ and CD8+ frequencies were significantly increased independent of serology with higher levels of CD4+ cells in patients under a Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) or a B‐cell lymphoma 2 (BCL‐2) inhibitor. Vaccination skewed CD8+ cells towards a highly cytotoxic phenotype, more pronounced in seroconverted patients. A high proportion of patients showed spike‐specific CD4+ and CD8+ cells producing interferon gamma (IFNγ) and tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). Patients under a BTK inhibitor showed increased production of IFNγ and TNFα by CD4+ cells. Vaccination induced a Th1 polarization reverting the Th2 CLL T‐cell profile in the majority of patients with lower IL‐4 production in untreated and BTK‐inhibitor‐treated patients. Such robust T‐cell responses may have contributed to remarkable protection against hospitalization and death in a cohort of 540 patients. Combining T‐cell metrics with seroprevalence may yield a more accurate measure of population immunity in CLL, providing consequential insights for public health.