bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crisis management process for project-based organizations
Authors: Iftikhar Rehab , Majeed Mehwish , Drouin Nathalie
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the crisis management process for project-based organizations (PBOs) by developing a comprehensive model and propositions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on a conceptual study. A literature review is considered a primary source for studying contemporary research, including 171 publications in total, which embody qualitative, quantitative, conceptual and theoretical studies. For data analysis, content analysis is used, which is comprised of descriptive and thematic analysis.

Findings

This study identifies five imperative elements of crisis management for PBOs which include (1) sense-making (information gathering and crisis interpretation), (2) decision-making (accurate and timely decision), (3) response (reactive response), (4) outcome (success/failure) and (5) learning. Based on these findings, this study proposes an integrative model of the interplay between sense-making, decision-making, response, outcome and learning. Furthermore, the findings lead to propositions for each of the elements. The paper contributes to the literature on dynamic capability theory.

Originality/value

This paper explores the crisis management process for PBOs. The proposed model deepens the understanding of the practices and processes of project-based crisis management.
Legitimacy versus efficiency: implementation of in-person work in Japanese companies during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hara Yoritoshi , Iwashita Hitoshi
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how companies persuaded their employees to be present at offices during the COVID-19 pandemic and how remote and non-remote work practices affected employee performance.

Design/methodology/approach

Firm strategies are assumed to follow the principles of legitimacy and efficiency. However, these principles are often contradictory and incompatible. This study explored how companies legitimized non-remote work during the pandemic in Japan, and how in-person work practices affected individual employee productivity. The authors conducted a survey in the country, and the collected data was quantitatively analyzed.

Findings

On the basis of our empirical study on institutional work providing rationales for maintaining existing business practices, the authors found that Japanese companies often used institutional logics that included the inevitability of employees’ obedience to company policy, the lack of employees’ digital resources at home and the necessity of face-to-face customer dealing to legitimize their non-adoption of telework, even amid the emergency. The findings also indicate that the adoption of in-person work was negatively related to individual employee performance.

Originality/value

The current study aims to make a theoretical contribution to the literature on institutional maintenance and institutional work, which, till now, has only focused on institutional change rather than institutional maintenance. Second, few studies have empirically investigated the contradiction between legitimacy and efficiency, although the literature on organizational legitimacy assumes that individuals and organizations are not always rational.
Investigating the role of apparel supplier satisfaction in developing a collaborative buyer–supplier relationship: a power-dependency perspective
Authors: Wu Huicheng (Jeff) , Hodges Nancy Nelson , Su Jin , Seo Sukyung
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the affective and cognitive dimensions of satisfaction that impact the buyer-supplier relationship (BSR) from the supplier's perspective and to consider satisfaction within the context of power-dependency theory.

Design/methodology/approach

Qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 Chinese apparel supply professionals who regularly interact with apparel buyers. Audio or video interviews were conducted via WeChat (the most popular social media platform in China).

Findings

A thematic analysis of the interview data revealed that both affective and cognitive dimensions of satisfaction impact the BSR. A model of supplier affective and cognitive satisfaction in a collaborative BSR was developed to illustrate the connections between the two dimensions.

Originality/values

Due to intense competition in the market, supplier satisfaction is essential for building relationships in the apparel industry. Existing studies have focused on satisfaction from the perspective of the buyer rather than the supplier because in a BSR, the buyer tends to hold more power. Moreover, research has primarily considered cognitive evaluations of satisfaction with the BSR. This study offers new insight on both cognitive and affective satisfaction from the perspective of suppliers within the context of power-dependency theory.
An empirical study on supply chain agility and disruption mitigation performance of U.S. fashion retailers: knowledge management capability perspective
Authors: Rana Md. Rafiqul Islam , Ha-Brookshire Jung E.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study investigates the relationships between knowledge management capabilities (KMC), supply chain agility (SCA) and disruption mitigation performance (DMP) in the U.S. fashion retail industry (FRI) during turbulent times, such as a pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

An online survey was used to collect 320 responses from U.S. fashion retail professionals. Structural equation modeling was used for analysis.

Findings

Among the two KMCs, knowledge infrastructure capabilities act as enabling factors for knowledge process capabilities (KPC) in U.S. fashion retail settings. The KPC were found to be positively associated with SCA, and SCA was positively associated with both pre- and post-DMP of U.S. fashion retailers.

Originality/value

This study adds to the literature on KMC, SCA and DMP from the FRI context and illustrates the impact of effective organizational knowledge management for supply chain (SC) disruption mitigation through agility in a volatile market.

Practical implications

The results inform fashion retail companies on how to transform their organizational dimensions through effective management of knowledge, i.e. digital escalation and innovation, to establish an agile and sustainable SC to mitigate future market disruptions.
Forecasting nonlinear dependency between cryptocurrencies and foreign exchange markets using dynamic copula: evidence from GAS models
Authors: Mili Mehdi , Bouteska Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper examines and forecasts correlations between cryptocurrencies and major fiat currencies using Generalized Autoregressive Score (GAS) time-varying copulas. The authors examine to which extent the multivariate GAS method captures the volatility persistence and the nonlinear interaction effects between cryptocurrencies and major fiat currencies.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors model tail dependence between conventional currencies and Bitcoin utilizing a Glosten-Jagannathan-Runkle Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedastic model (GJR-GARCH)-GAS copula specification, which allows detecting the leptokurtic feature and clustering effects of currency returns distribution.

Findings

The authors' results show evidence of multiple tail dependence regimes, implying the unsuitability of applying static models to entirely describe the extreme dependence between Bitcoin and fiat currencies. Compared to the most common constant copulas, the authors find that the multivariate GAS copulas better forecast the volatility and dependency between cryptocurrencies and foreign exchange markets. Furthermore, based on the value-at-risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES) analyses, the authors show that the multivariate GAS models produce accurate risk measures by adding cryptocurrencies to a portfolio of fiat currencies.

Originality/value

This paper has two main contributions to the existing literature on cryptocurrencies. First, the authors empirically examine the tail dependence structure between common conventional currencies and bitcoin using GJR-GARCH GAS copulas which consider the leptokurtic feature and clustering effects of currency returns distribution. Second, by modeling VaR and ES, the authors test the implication of using time-varying models on the performance of currency portfolios, including cryptocurrencies.
Providing a framework for the reuse of research data based on the development dynamic framework of United Nations Development Program (UNDP)
Authors: Soleimani Ameneh , Fahim Nia Fatimah , Naghshineh Nader , Soleimani Nejad Adel
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The present research is aimed at presenting a framework for the reuse of research data in Iran through applying the United Nations Development Program (UNDP).

Design/methodology/approach

The research at hand has a mixed methods design. In the qualitative section, the authors first carried out meta-synthesis and then an interview was conducted. Likewise, in the quantitative section, the reliability of the recommended framework was measured through carrying out a survey. Finally, the framework for data reuse was presented in five dimensions, namely human, organizational, policies and laws, technical, implementation and analysis.

Findings

Through structural equation modeling, the fitness of the framework was confirmed, and it was found out that the dimensions of policies, human and organizational played more prominent roles in the explanation of the framework in comparison with the other two dimensions.

Originality/value

Research studies in the area of data reuse have been conducted either quantitatively or qualitatively and in most of them interviews or questionnaires were used as tools for collecting data; however, due to the nature of this area and its relatively new literature in Iran, it is necessary to use mixed methods in order to be able to arrive at a proper understanding of this concept using both quantitative and qualitative approaches.
Heuristic-driven biases as mental shortcuts in investment management activities: a qualitative study
Authors: Ahmad Maqsood , Wu Qiang
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to use a qualitative approach to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence the decisions and performance of individual investors actively trading on the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX). It also aims to identify how to overcome the negative effect of heuristic-driven biases, so that finance practitioners can avoid the expensive errors which they cause.

Design/methodology/approach

This study adopts an interpretative approach. Qualitative data was collected in semistructured interviews, in which the target population was asked open-ended questions. The sample consists of five brokers and/or investment strategists/advisors who maintain investors’ accounts or provide investment advice to investors on the PSX, who were selected on a convenient basis. The researchers analyzed the interview data thematically.

Findings

The results confirm that investors often use heuristics, causing several heuristic-driven biases when trading on the stock market, specifically, reliance on recognition-based heuristics, namely, alphabetical ordering of firm names, name memorability and name fluency, as well as cognitive heuristics, such as herding behavior, disposition effect, anchoring and adjustment, repetitiveness, overconfidence and availability biases. These lead investors to make suboptimal decisions relating to their investment management activities. Due to these heuristic-driven biases, investors trade excessively in the stock market, and their investment performance is adversely affected.

Originality/value

This study provides a practical framework to explore and clarify the mechanism by which heuristic-driven biases influence investment management activities. To the best of authors’ knowledge, the current study is the first to focus on links between heuristic-driven biases, investment decisions and performance using a qualitative approach. Furthermore, with the help of a qualitative approach, the investigators also highlight some factors causing an increased use of heuristic variables by investors and discuss practical approaches to overcoming the negative effects of heuristics factors, so that finance practitioners can avoid repeating the expensive errors which they cause, which also differentiates this study from others.
Stakeholders' perception of mandatory CSR in the Indian hotel industry: scale development and validation
Authors: Aparna K. , Amilan S. , Raj L. Vimal
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to develop and validate a scale to measure stakeholders' perception of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities in the hotel industry in India.

Design/methodology/approach

CSR items were generated based on a qualitative approach. The underlying factorial structure of the scale is determined using exploratory factor analysis. The measurement model is verified through confirmatory factor analysis with validity checks. Additionally, the nomological and predictive validity of the proposed scale is confirmed through correlation and regression analysis.

Findings

This study proposed a three-dimensional 17-item scale comprising the environment, social and cultural domains to measure stakeholders' perception of mandatory CSR in the Indian hotel industry.

Research limitations/implications

This study adds to the literature by providing a comprehensive approach incorporating CSR activities specified by law on CSR measurement. Validated CSR scales are recommended for future studies to measure CSR in India. This study may also serve as a blueprint for other countries to develop context-specific CSR measurement approaches.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first scale development study on mandatory CSR in India. The inclusion of CSR activities prescribed by law on the standardized CSR scale development is a novel outlook.
Evaluation of clinical factors and outcome of systemic glucocorticoid therapy discontinuation in patients with pemphigus achieving complete remission
Authors: Wang Mingyue , Li Jiaqi , Shang Panpan , Chong Shan , Chen Yan , Zhao Liuqi , Wang Rui , Fan Birao , Li Furong , Chen Xi , Zhang Yuexin , Zhao Junyu , Dang Jingyang , Chen Xixue , Zhu Xuejun
Published: May 2023

Therapy discontinuation of systemic glucocorticoid treatment for pemphigus remains uncertain at the clinical end point of complete remission. The objective of this study was to identify the factors associated with achieving complete remission off therapy (CROT) and analyze the occurrence of relapse after therapy discontinuation. A retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology of Peking University First Hospital. A total of 447 patients with pemphigus treated from 2005 to 2020 were identified. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to analyze the associated factors of CROT and to evaluate the outcomes. The mean age was 48 years (±13.4 years), and 54.6% of the patients were women. During a median follow‐up of 59 months (43–87.5 months), 160 of 447 (35.8%) patients achieved CROT after a median treatment duration of 51 months (38–66.2 months). Patients with a shorter therapy duration to complete remission on minimal therapy and negative desmoglein antibodies tested in remission were more likely to achieve early CROT. Thirty‐five of 160 (21.9%) patients experienced relapse after CROT. Patients who discontinued therapy without guidance experienced significantly faster and higher occurrences of relapse than those withdrawing under guidance (log‐rank p = 0.01). Minimal therapy maintenance ≤8 months from complete remission on minimal therapy and positive desmoglein antibodies tested at withdrawal increased the risk of early relapse after CROT.
Use of a commercially available hydrogel as a novel DNA surface sampling tool
Authors: Sekowski Jennifer W. , Simmons Brooke , Lal‐Paterson Amrita , Armstrong Jamie , Rastogi Vipin K. , Angelini Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

A common requirement in the military, law enforcement, and forensic mission space is the need to collect trace samples from surfaces using a method that not only readily captures the sample but also retains its integrity for downstream identification and characterization. Additionally, collecting samples from three‐dimensional objects (e.g., shell casings) is a challenge for which there is currently no validated standardized approach. Recently, hydrogels have been shown to have the potential for surface collection of trace bacterial spores, amino acids, and DNA. To test whether these hydrogels can serve as a viable collection medium for sampling DNA from surfaces, we carried out a series of preliminary tests examining collection efficiency and suitability of hydrogel material to recover samples of diluted, dried human DNA on a smooth polycarbonate surface. The recovery of surface DNA using a commercially available hydrogel was examined, and the efficiency compared to samples collected using a standard foam collection swab. DNA collected using the hydrogel and swab methods was then examined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis to determine whether the collection material was compatible with these downstream processes. The hydrogel material used for this study collected the experimental DNA with comparable efficiency to standard collection swabs. In addition, qPCR and STR analyses demonstrated compatibility with the hydrogel collection and extraction process. These data suggest that hydrogels have the potential to be used as sample collection materials and deserve further characterization to elucidate their utility in collection from irregularly shaped, three‐dimensional surfaces/materials.
Emergent time‐spaces of working from home: Lessons from pandemic geographies
Authors: Orman Emily , MGuirk Pauline , Warren Andrew
Published: May 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic and consequent health regulations compelled office‐based knowledge workers to work from home (WFH) en masse. Government and employer directives to WFH disrupted common norms of commuting to city office spaces and reshaped the geographies of office‐based knowledge work, with potentially lasting implications. Pandemic‐induced cohabitation of work‐space and home‐space saw more workers navigating the performance of paid labour in the home to produce new relational geographies of home, work, and worker. This paper provides a window on the lived experiences of the sizeable cohort of office‐based knowledge workers displaced from Sydney’s CBD to undertake WFH in the Illawarra region during the pandemic. We explore the unfolding pandemic geographies of work and home by drawing together feminist economic geography and geographies of home literatures. Our analysis reveals the emergent and variegated time‐spaces of WFH that emerged as the rhythms and routines of WFH shaped the home and vice versa. The analysis also reveals the differentiated agency of embodied workers to orchestrate emergent configurations of WFH, shaped by gender and by the socio‐materialities of home shaped by size, tenure, and life‐cycle stage. We conclude by drawing out important lines of analysis for further research as “hybrid work” evidently becomes entrenched post‐COVID.
Use of infrared thermography to detect reactions to stressful events: does animal personality matter?
Authors: MAZZAMUTO Maria Vittoria , MORANDINI Marina , LAMPMAN William , WAUTERS Lucas Armand , PREATONI Damiano , KOPROWSKI John Lad , MARTINOLI Adriano
Published: May 2023

The study of the relationship between animal stress and personality for free‐ranging animals is limited and provides contrasting results. The perception of stressors by an individual may vary due to its personality, and certain personality traits may help individuals to better cope with them. Using non‐invasive infrared thermography (IRT), we investigated the link between physiological and behavioral components expressed during an acute stress event by free‐ranging Fremont's squirrels (Tamiasciurus fremonti). We expected that, during the acute stress event of being approached by the researcher, individuals that showed a fast pace‐of‐life syndrome (bolder, more active, and less social/more aggressive) based on an arena test would exhibit stronger sympathetic‐adrenal‐medullary system reactivity showing a more intense stress‐induced hyperthermia (high core body temperature and low peripheral temperature) than individuals with a slow pace of life (shy, less active, and more social). We successfully employed IRT technology to images of Fremont's squirrels with identification of the individuals’ body parts (eye, nose, ear, hind foot). However, we found no support for our hypothesis. Squirrels’ body surface temperatures told us more about a squirrel's external environment and less about the thermal state of the body in that environment following a stressful event. Further studies need to assess how to make IRT effective and efficient in the field and improve its performance in studying the relationships between physiology and personality in wildlife.
Integrated water resources trend assessments: State of the science, challenges, and opportunities for advancement
Authors: Stackpoole Sarah M. , Oelsner Gretchen P. , Stets Edward G. , Hecht Jory S. , Johnson Zachary C. , Tesoriero Anthony J. , Walvoord Michelle A. , Chanat Jeff G. , Dunne Krista A. , Goodling Phillip J. , Lindsey Bruce D. , Meador Mike R. , Spaulding Sarah A.
Published: May 2023

Water is vital to human life and healthy ecosystems. Here we outline the current state of national‐scale water resources trend assessments, identify key gaps, and suggest advancements to better address critical issues related to changes in water resources that may threaten human development or the environment. Questions like, “Do we have less suitable drinking water now than we had 20 years ago?” or “Are flood events more common now than they were in the past?” prompted improvements in data, trend estimation methods, and modeling frameworks to track changes in, and better understand how land use and climate influence four water resources domains: surface and groundwater quantity and quality. However, continued advancement in trend assessments to better address issues related to changes in water availability is needed. Areas of need include more timely and efficient delivery of water resources trend results and improved capacity to estimate trends at unmonitored locations. Additional integration pieces include increased understanding of groundwater–surface water interactions, incorporation of both quantity and quality trends into water availability estimates, and the refinement of trend metrics to account for the competing needs of society and ecological integrity. Coupled with improved driver attribution studies, these components will better inform current and future water resources management.
An easy tool to predict survival in patients with bone metastatic lung cancer treated with palliative radiotherapy
Authors: Makita Kenji , Hamamoto Yasushi , Kanzaki Hiromitsu , Nagasaki Kei , Kozuki Toshiyuki
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aimed to devise a simple assessment system for bone metastases (BMs) from lung cancer (LC).

Methods

A total of 368 LC patients with BMs who underwent radiotherapy (RT) were retrospectively reviewed. Prognostic factors were evaluated using multivariate analysis, and a scoring system based on regression coefficients was devised.

Results

The median follow‐up time for survival was 4.3 months, and the 0.5‐year overall survival (OS) rate was 44.7%. In the multivariate analysis, the significant prognostic factors were performance status (PS), metastases to internal organs, and post‐RT molecular‐targeting therapies (MTs) (tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and/or immune checkpoint inhibitors). A scoring system aggregating points assigned to each risk factor was created (2 points; non‐administration of post‐RT MTs, 1 point; PS ≥3 and metastases to internal organs). The median OSs were 25.0 months, 12.8 months, and 2.5 months in patients with a total score of 0 (n = 22), 1–2 (n = 124), and 3–4 (n = 221), respectively (p < 0.01).

Conclusion

This easy‐to‐use scoring system is useful for selecting patients who received comparatively high‐dose fractionated RT for BMs from LC. Updates are required to follow the progress of systemic therapy.
Patchouli alcohol induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in vincristine‐resistant non‐small cell lung cancer through ROS‐mediated DNA damage
Authors: Liang Chi‐Yen , Chang Kai‐Fu , Huang Ya‐Chih , Huang Xiao‐Fan , Sheu Gwo‐Tarng , Kuo Chia‐Feng , Hsiao Chih‐Yen , Tsai Nu‐Man
Published: May 2023

Background

Lung cancer, especially non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), is one of the leading causes of cancer‐related deaths worldwide. Vincristine (VCR) is a chemotherapeutic agent for lung cancers; however, its effectiveness is limited by side effects and the development of drug resistance. Patchouli alcohol (PA), from Pogostemon cablin extract, is known to possess anti‐inflammatory and anticancer properties. In this study, we investigated the role of PA in inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐mediated DNA damage in A549 and VCR‐resistant A549/V16 NSCLC cells.

Methods

The anticancer potential of PA was studied using the MTT assay, colony formation, flow cytometry analysis, western blotting, DCFDA staining, immunofluorescence staining, and TUNEL assay techniques.

Results

The intracellular ROS levels were enhanced in PA‐treated cells, activating the CHK1 and CHK2 signaling pathways. PA further inhibited proliferation and colony‐forming abilities and induced cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 phase by regulating p53/p21 and CDK2/cyclin E1 expression. Moreover, PA increased the percentage of cells in the subG1 phase and induced apoptosis by activating the Bax/caspase‐9/caspase‐3 intrinsic pathway. In addition, drug resistance (p‐glycoprotein) and cancer stem cell (CD44 and CD133) markers were downregulated after PA treatment. Furthermore, combining PA and cisplatin exhibited synergistic inhibitory activity in A549 and A549/V16 cells.

Conclusions

PA induced ROS‐mediated DNA damage, triggered cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, attenuated drug resistance and cancer stem cell phenotypes, and synergistically inhibited proliferation in combination with cisplatin. These findings suggest that PA has the potential to be used for the treatment of NSCLC with or without VCR resistance.
Dynamic model of entry: Dollar stores
Authors: Chenarides Lauren , Çakır Metin , Richards Timothy J.
Published: May 2023

Dollar stores have become the fastest‐growing retail format in the United States. However, there is considerable controversy regarding their entry, particularly into markets without grocery stores, and concerns that dollar‐store entry decisions are motivated by preemptive incentives. In this paper, we aim to study the market entry of dollar stores as an equilibrium phenomenon and to examine their impact on competing store formats in a dynamic environment. We use census‐tract level data and develop a dynamic model of oligopolistic competition to estimate the impact of dollar store entry on the equilibrium entry decisions of other retailers of the same format and other formats. We find that supermarkets and other large‐format owners thrive as dollar‐store expansion removes their “competitive fringe” in shared markets, whereas other small‐format stores (other dollar stores, convenience stores, and superettes) do not. Our findings have broad implications for the effect of dollar store entry on consumer welfare, as dollar‐store entry is not associated with grocery‐store exit but rather the exit of other small‐format stores.
Gastroprotective effect of sumatriptan against indomethacin‐, stress‐ and ethanol‐induced gastric damage in male rats: Possible modulatory role of 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D receptors and pro‐inflammatory cytokines
Authors: Ostovaneh Aysa , Eslami Faezeh , Rahimi Nastaran , Dejban Pegah , Shafaroodi Hamed , Abbasi Ata , Shahsavarhaghighi Shirin , Dehpour Ahmad Reza
Published: May 2023

The current study was aimed to investigate the beneficial effect of sumatriptan, a 5‐hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D (5HT1B/1D) receptor agonist, on gastric ulcer in rats via stimulating 5HT1B/1D receptors and suppressing pro‐inflammatory cytokines. Rats were allocated into three models of gastric ulcer: indomethacin (30 mg/kg, PO), water immersion restraint stress (WRS) and ethanol (5 ml/kg PO). Animals were administered with sumatriptan (0.01, 0.1, 0.3 and 1 mg/kg, i.p) 30 min before gastric ulcer induction. GR‐127935 (0.01 mg/kg, i.p, a selective 5HT1B/1D antagonist) was administered 30 min before sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) injection. Macroscopic assessments (J‐score), ELISA analysis of tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) and interleukin‐1beta (IL‐1β) and histopathological changes were performed on the rat's stomach tissues. Gastric ulcer induction in three models caused an increase in J‐score, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and microscopic features. Sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) significantly improved gastric injury induced by indomethacin, WRS and ethanol through the reduction in the J‐score, TNF‐α, IL‐1β and microscopic lesions. Concurrent administration of GR‐127935 (0.01 mg/kg) with sumatriptan (0.1 mg/kg) reversed the gastroprotective effect of sumatriptan in three models. Sumatriptan possessed gastroprotective effects on indomethacin‐, WRS‐ and ethanol‐induced gastric damage in rats via the possible involvement of the 5HT1B/1D receptors.
Adolescent loneliness across the world and its relation to school climate, national culture and academic performance
Authors: Jefferson Rebecca , Barreto Manuela , Jones Frederick , Conway Jasmine , Chohan Aishwarya , Madsen Katrine Rich , Verity Lily , Petersen Kimberly J. , Qualter Pamela
Published: May 2023

Background

Loneliness during adolescence has adverse consequences for mental health, education and employment outcomes. Yet, we know little about common correlates of loneliness among adolescents, making intervention work difficult.

Aims

In this study, we (1) explore individual‐, school‐ and country‐level correlates of loneliness to help identify potential intervention targets, and (2) examine the influence of loneliness on academic performance.

Sample

A total of 518,210 students aged 15 years from 75 countries provided self‐reported loneliness data.

Results

Using multilevel modelling, we found individual‐, school‐ and country‐level correlates of self‐reported school‐based loneliness, and showed that loneliness negatively influenced academic performance.

Conclusions

Based on the findings, interventions that focus on enhancing social and emotional skills, increasing trust between teachers and students and changing school climate to be more inclusive are likely to be the most effective for adolescents; they should also be culturally sensitive.
Preschool teachers' pedagogical content knowledge predicts willingness to scaffold early science learning
Authors: Schmitt Lukas , Weber Anke , Venitz Laura , Leuchter Miriam
Published: May 2023

Background

The importance of diagnostic and scaffolding activities for early science learning has been shown consistently. However, preschool teachers scarcely engage in them. We developed an instrument to assess preschool teachers' willingness to engage in diagnostic and scaffolding activities in science learning situations and examined its relation with teachers' knowledge, beliefs and practice.

Aims

We validate an instrument to assess willingness to engage in scaffolding and diagnostic activities and study the interplay between willingness, learning beliefs, content knowledge (CK) and pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) in the context of science learning, particularly block play.

Sample(s)

A total ofN = 151 preschool teachers from 41 kindergartens in Germany participated in our study.

Methods

Preschool teachers completed a questionnaire, which took approximately 1 hour of time. We drew a subsample ofN = 73 teachers and observed their practice during a 30 min block play episode.

Results

With our instrument, we were able to distinguish between preschool teachers' willingness to diagnose and to scaffold. Preschool teachers' co‐constructivist beliefs and PCK predicted willingness to engage in diagnosing, PCK also predicted willingness to engage in scaffolding. Associations between learning beliefs and practice were inconsistent.

Conclusions

Our study highlights aspects of the association between preschool teachers' PCK and their willingness to engage in diagnosing and scaffolding. However, we found inconsistencies between preschool teachers' beliefs and practice, which call for further clarification.
Accuracy of immediate dental implant placement with task‐autonomous robotic system and navigation system: An in vitro study
Authors: Chen Jinyan , Zhuang Minjie , Tao Baoxin , Wu Yiqun , Ye Lijuan , Wang Feng
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of dental implant placement in a single tooth gap, including the postextraction site and healed site, using a task‐autonomous robotic system and a dynamic navigation system.

Materials and Methods

Forty partially edentulous models requiring both immediate and conventional implant placement were randomly divided into a robotic system group and a navigation system group. The coronal, apical, and angular deviations of the implants were measured and assessed between the groups.

Results

The deviations in immediate implant placement were compared between the robotic system and dynamic navigation system groups, showing a mean (±SD) coronal deviation of 0.86 ± 0.36 versus 0.70 ± 0.21 mm (p = .101), a mean apical deviation of 0.77 ± 0.34 versus 0.95 ± 0.38 mm (p = .127), and a mean angular deviation of 1.94 ± 0.66° versus 3.44 ± 1.38° (p < .001). At the healed site, significantly smaller coronal deviation (0.46 ± 0.29 vs. 0.70 ± 0.30 mm, p = .005), apical deviation (0.56 ± 0.30 vs. 0.85 ± 0.25 mm, p < .001), and angular deviation (1.36 ± 0.54 vs. 1.80 ± 0.70 mm, p = .034) were found in the robotic system group than in the dynamic navigation group.

Conclusions

The position in both immediate and conventional implant placement was more precise with the task‐autonomous robotic system than with the dynamic navigation system. Its performance in actual clinical applications should be confirmed in further trials.
A review of population and landscape level dynamics associated with pneumonia outbreaks in bighorn sheep with implications for land management
Authors: Paolini Kelsey E. , Schwartz Michael K. , Friggens Megan M. , Cushman Samuel A. , Weckworth Julie K. , Holbrook Joseph D.
Published: May 2023

Wildlife conservation necessitates understanding spatiotemporal drivers that facilitate disease outbreaks. Wildlife diseases are influenced by population and landscape level factors which affects host species’ persistence through time. Recurrent pneumonia outbreaks in bighorn sheep have impeded population recovery throughout the western US. Recovery efforts have included translocating animals, limiting contact with known reservoirs, removing infected individuals, and depopulating herds, but pneumonia outbreaks continue to negatively impact recovery. Here, our objective was to systematically review the current literature focused on population and landscape level drivers that can contribute to pneumonia outbreaks in bighorn sheep. We reviewed 115 studies and discovered consistent themes important to address for future conservation. One of the primary themes to advance management includes understanding how population demographics, such as age and sex cohorts, can help elucidate drivers and maintenance of pathogens associated with respiratory disease. Second, broadening knowledge of landscape level processes including population connectivity and metapopulation dynamics can inform management and recovery efforts. We identified a need for comprehensive assessments that incorporate population dynamics, landscape genomics, and population connectivity across multiple spatiotemporal scales to advance landscape management. Finally, we provide directions for future research to help managers mitigate pneumonia outbreaks and aid bighorn sheep recovery.
Perspectives and sentiments on contingency management from people who use methamphetamine
Authors: Clay Simon , Wilkinson Zachary , Ginley Meredith , Arunogiri Shalini , Christmass Michael , Membrey Dean , MacCartney Paul , Sutherland Rachel , Colledge‐Frisby Samantha , Marshall Alison D. , Nagle Jack , Degenhardt Louisa , Farrell Michael , McKetin Rebecca
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Contingency management (CM) is currently the most efficacious treatment for methamphetamine use, yet it is rarely available in routine care. We examined the viewpoints of people who use methamphetamine on CM as a potential treatment for methamphetamine use disorder.

Methods

Semi‐structured qualitative interviews with 30 Australians aged 18 years or older who had used methamphetamine at least weekly in the past 6 months.

Results

Participants reported overall positive attitudes towards CM as a potential treatment option for methamphetamine use disorder. However, there was need for greater flexibility in meeting participant treatment goals (e.g., reduced use or complete abstinence), with particular concern about the viability of initiating abstinence, both in terms of the sufficiency of the initial financial incentive and managing withdrawal symptoms. There was strong interest in the use of digital technologies to provide remote CM, particularly around the convenience and flexibility this offered. Despite this, participants remained keen to access adjunctive treatment and support services but stressed that engagement with these additional services should not be mandatory. Marketing of CM will need to address preconceptions about drug‐testing used in abstinence‐based CM being punitive (especially urine testing) and its connotations with criminal justice interventions.

Discussion and Conclusion

Positive attitudes towards CM bode well for potential uptake should CM be made available in routine clinical practice. However, there is a need to adapt CM to ensure it is feasible and attractive to people who are seeking treatment for methamphetamine use disorder.
Following social media influencers who share alcohol‐related content is associated with college drinking
Authors: Strowger Megan , Ayala Guzman Rachel , Geyer Rachel B. , Ward Rose Marie , Braitman Abby L.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Frequent exposure to peer‐shared alcohol‐related content (ARC) on social media is associated with greater alcohol consumption and related consequences among undergraduates. Social media influencers also share ARC; yet, the effect of exposure to influencer‐shared ARC on alcohol outcomes has not been examined. The current study examined whether following influencers who share ARC and the frequency of sharing were associated with alcohol outcomes, and associations between influencer type (e.g., actors) and alcohol outcomes.

Methods

Undergraduates (N = 528) from two universities in the United States completed an online survey assessing demographics, social media use, alcohol use and related consequences. They listed up to five influencers they followed and viewed the most content from. A series of linear regression models were conducted.

Results

Having a larger proportion of influencers sharing ARC was associated with greater quantity, frequency and peak drinks, but not consequences. Frequency of influencers sharing ARC was associated with greater quantity and peak drinks, but not frequency or consequences. Findings remained significant, even after controlling for peer ARC. Actor ARC, everyday person ARC and ‘other’ type influencer ARC were associated with several alcohol outcomes.

Discussion and Conclusions

This study added to the literature by examining how following influencers who share ARC, and sharing frequency, were associated with drinking outcomes over and above exposure to peer ARC. It also examined whether ARC content from specific types of influencers was associated with alcohol outcomes. Findings highlight that the source of ARC is relevant when studying the effects of ARC exposure on college drinking.
Endoscopic ultrasound in the management of acute cholecystitis: Practical review
Authors: Rimbaş Mihai , Tripodi Giulia , Rizzatti Gianenrico , Larghi Alberto
Published: May 2023

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided gallbladder drainage (EUS‐GBD) has emerged over the last years as an alternative procedure to percutaneous drainage (PT)‐GBD in patients with acute cholecystitis (AC) at high surgical risk. This process has been driven by the advent of lumen‐apposing metal stents (LAMS) with electrocautery‐enhanced capability, which has rendered the drainage procedure easier to accomplish and safer. Studies and meta‐analyses have proven the superiority of EUS‐GBD over PT‐GBD in high‐surgical‐risk patients with AC. Little evidence exists in the same setting that EUS‐GBD compares equally with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Moreover, EUS‐GBD might theoretically have a possible role in patients at high surgical risk with an indication to undergo cholecystectomy or with a high probability of conversion from LC to open cholecystectomy. Properly designed studies are needed to better clarify the role of EUS‐GBD in these patient populations.
Complex phylogenetic origin and geographic isolation drive reef fishes response to environmental variability in oceanic islands of the southwestern Atlantic
Authors: Gomes Lorena de M. J. , Garcia Gabriel S. , Cordeiro Cesar A. M. M. , Gouveia Nelson A. , Ferreira Carlos E. L. , Bender Mariana G. , Longo Guilherme O. , Quimbayo Juan P. , Gherardi Douglas F. M.
Published: May 2023

Abiotic and biotic factors are known drivers that modulate community assembly from a regional species pool. Recent evidence has highlighted the intrinsic role of phylogenetic history on communities' response to the environment. Understanding its exact role poses a challenge because community assembly is embedded in a spatio‐temporal context where dispersal capabilities and biotic interactions may also determine species niches, especially in isolated oceanic islands. We unravelled how reef fish abundances from four oceanic islands in the southwestern Atlantic responded to environmental variability through seven years considering their phylogenetic history, functional traits and species co‐occurrence patterns. Species response to environmental variation was assessed through a multivariate hierarchical generalized linear mixed model that allows the inclusion of spatio‐temporal random effects, fitted with Bayesian inference. We found a strong phylogenetic signal (0.98) and a relatively low variance in abundance explained by functional traits, from around 30% in spring to 33% in summer, based on a posterior probability > 0.9. The most important environmental factor was surface chlorophyll‐a concentration, a proxy for primary productivity, explaining up to 23% of abundance variance. The global spatial and temporal effects on abundance were also low, with a maximum of 18% for sampling sites in spring. Our study offers a synthesis of the influence of complex phylogenetic history and geographical isolation on reef fish species niches in isolated oceanic islands, gaining new insights into how assembly processes have shaped these isolated communities.
Data‐driven fault diagnosis approaches for industrial equipment: A review
Authors: Sahu Atma Ram , Palei Sanjay Kumar , Mishra Aishwarya
Published: May 2023

Undetected and unpredicted faults in heavy industrial machines/equipment can lead to unwanted failures. Therefore, prediction of faults puts paramount importance on maintaining the reliability and availability of capital‐intensive equipment. Due to large number of interconnected and interdependent mechanical and electrical components in the machines, fault analysis becomes a complex and challenging task. Under these circumstances, data‐driven fault diagnosis (DDFD) is one of the most powerful, reliable and cost‐effective artificial intelligence tools to detect, isolate, identify and classify the occurrence of faults. This article aims to make a comprehensive literature survey of various DDFD approaches used for analysing faults in industrial machines/equipment; and summarizing the strengths, limitations, and possible applications of existing fault diagnosis methods. Analysing and synthesizing 190 research works conducted on DDFD in last two decades revealed three types of DDFD approaches: supervised‐learning, semi‐supervised‐learning and unsupervised‐learning‐based fault diagnosis. The supervised‐learning is predominantly applied for fault diagnosis contributing to 82% of research works. Therefore, this article puts special emphasis on two supervised‐learning‐based approaches for fault diagnosis: (i) classification‐based artificial neural network approach, and (ii) inference‐based Bayesian network approach. Finally, these fault diagnosis approaches have been briefly discussed with effectiveness of the models and their possible inclusion in future industrial applications.
The prediction of two‐dimensional intelligent ocean temperature based on deep learning
Authors: Wu Zichen , He Jingyi , Hu Siyuan , Wen Jiabao
Published: May 2023

An important data in intelligent ocean is the sea surface temperature (SST). Most of the previous works on SST prediction deal with independent spatial point, ignoring the spatial correlation of two‐dimensional intelligent ocean, which leads to instability of prediction accuracy. Therefore, in this paper, a deep learning model based on convolutional gated recurrent unit is proposed for the SST prediction of two‐dimensional intelligent ocean. Input and output of the proposed model are both spatiotemporal SST data, which means the model directly process spatiotemporal data. This method adds the spatial information of the intelligent ocean temperature data, thereby improving the accuracy. From the experiments, it turns out that the proposed model shows superior performance compared to another three prevailing deep learning models.
Squamous cell carcinoma‐derived G‐CSF promotes tumor growth and metastasis in mice through neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation, associated with poor prognosis of the patients
Authors: Kemuriyama Kohei , An Jianbo , Motoyama Satoru , Nagaki Yushi , Yamaguchi Tomokazu , Sato Yusuke , Wakita Akiyuki , Minamiya Yoshihiro , Kuba Keiji
Published: May 2023

Tumor‐derived G‐CSF is a well‐known factor to aggravate disease progression in various types of cancers. In this study, we investigated a role of G‐CSF in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). High expression of G‐CSF in the tumor tissues of esophageal SCC (ESCC) patients correlated with poor prognosis. Murine SCC NR‐S1M cells produce considerable amount of G‐CSF, which expression is correlated with its metastatic potentials. Deletion of G‐CSF in NR‐S1M cells mitigated tumor growth and metastasis to lymph node and lung of subcutaneous NR‐S1M tumors in the mice. Mechanistically, G‐CSF enhanced cell proliferation in autocrine manner in vitro, whereas in NR‐S1M tumor‐bearing mice, accumulation of plasma G‐CSF was associated with expansion of peripheral neutrophils, which led to a decreased proportion of CD8+ T cells. Antibody depletion of neutrophils restored the number of CD8+ T cells and modestly suppressed tumor outgrowth, albeit no changes in distant metastasis. We propose that G‐CSF produced by NR‐S1M cells facilitates tumor progression in mice through bi‐functional effects to promote neutrophil recruitment and tumor cell proliferation, which may render poor prognosis to the ESCC patients with high G‐CSF expression.