bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pulverization‐Tolerant CuSe Nanoflakes with High (110) Planar Orientation for High‐Performance Magnesium Storage
Authors: Zhang Yuexing , Zhu Youqi , Wang Zhitao , Peng Hui , Yang Xinyu , Cao Yuehua , Du Changliang , Ma Xilan , Cao Chuanbao
Published: August 2021

Copper chalcogenides are of great interest as conversion‐type cathode materials due to their large specific capacity for rechargeable magnesium batteries, yet are subjected to severe capacity fading brought about by structure collapse in repetitive charge–discharge cycling. Herein, single‐crystalline and (110) preferentially oriented CuSe nanoflakes are designed via a temperature‐controlled crystal growth route under microwave irradiation. The as‐prepared CuSe nanoflake cathode materials can present high reversible capacity (204 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1 current density), outstanding rate capability, and remarkable long‐term cycling stability (≈0.095% capacity decay per cycle at 1 A g−1 within 700 cycles). The multistep reversible conversion mechanism of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials is evidenced by ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction. Structure evolution investigation suggests that the single‐crystalline CuSe nanoflakes can exhibit relatively durable structural stability. The desirable cycling stability can be ascribed to the excellent pulverization‐tolerance of the CuSe nanoflake cathode materials endowed by the multistep reversible conversion mechanism and the single‐crystalline feature. Furthermore, the preferentially‐oriented (110) active plane is favorable for electrochemical reactions to ensure high specific capacity. This work can afford a crystal engineering strategy to fabricate high‐performance conversion‐type electrode materials for rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Making BaZrS3 Chalcogenide Perovskite Thin Films by Molecular Beam Epitaxy
Authors: Sadeghi Ida , Ye Kevin , Xu Michael , Li Yifei , LeBeau James M. , Jaramillo Rafael
Published: August 2021

The making of BaZrS3 thin films by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) is demonstrated. BaZrS3 forms in the orthorhombic distorted‐perovskite structure with corner‐sharing ZrS6 octahedra. The single‐step MBE process results in films smooth on the atomic scale, with near‐perfect BaZrS3 stoichiometry and an atomically sharp interface with the LaAlO3 substrate. The films grow epitaxially via two competing growth modes: buffered epitaxy, with a self‐assembled interface layer that relieves the epitaxial strain, and direct epitaxy, with rotated‐cube‐on‐cube growth that accommodates the large lattice constant mismatch between the oxide and the sulfide perovskites. This work sets the stage for developing chalcogenide perovskites as a family of semiconductor alloys with properties that can be tuned with strain and composition in high‐quality epitaxial thin films, as has been long‐established for other systems including Si‐Ge, III‐Vs, and II‐VIs. The methods demonstrated here also represent a revival of gas‐source chalcogenide MBE.
Hollow InVO4 Nanocuboid Assemblies toward Promoting Photocatalytic N2 Conversion Performance
Authors: Han Qiutong , Bai Xiaowan , Chen Jingming , Feng Shengnan , Gao Wa , Tu Wenguang , Wang Xiaoyong , Wang Jinlan , Jia Bi , Shen Qing , Zhou Yong , Zou Zhigang
Published: August 2021

The unique InVO4 mesocrystal superstructure, particularly with cubical skeleton and hollow interior, which consists of numerous nanocube building blocks, closely stacking by stacking, aligning by aligning, and sharing the same crystallographic orientations, is successfully fabricated. The synergy of a reaction‐limited aggregation and an Ostwald ripening process is reasonably proposed for the growth of this unique superstructure. Both single‐particle surface photovoltage and confocal fluorescence spectroscopy measurements demonstrate that the long‐range ordered mesocrystal superstructures can significantly retard the recombination of electron–hole pairs through the creation of a new pathway for anisotropic electron flow along the inter‐nanocubes. This promising charge mobility feature of the superstructure greatly contributes to the pronounced photocatalytic performance of the InVO4 mesocrystal toward fixation of N2 into NH3 with the quantum yield of 0.50% at wavelength of 385 nm.
Short Excited‐State Lifetimes Mediate Charge‐Recombination Losses in Organic Solar Cell Blends with Low Charge‐Transfer Driving Force
Authors: Shivhare Rishi , Moore Gareth John , Hofacker Andreas , Hutsch Sebastian , Zhong Yufei , Hambsch Mike , Erdmann Tim , Kiriy Anton , Mannsfeld Stefan C. B. , Ortmann Frank , Banerji Natalie
Published: August 2021

A blend of a low‐optical‐gap diketopyrrolopyrrole polymer and a fullerene derivative, with near‐zero driving force for electron transfer, is investigated. Using femtosecond transient absorption and electroabsorption spectroscopy, the charge transfer (CT) and recombination dynamics as well as the early‐time transport are quantified. Electron transfer is ultrafast, consistent with a Marcus–Levich–Jortner description. However, significant charge recombination and unusually short excited (S1) and CT state lifetimes (≈14 ps) are observed. At low S1–CT offset, a short S1 lifetime mediates charge recombination because: i) back‐transfer from the CT to the S1 state followed by S1 recombination occurs and ii) additional S1–CT hybridization decreases the CT lifetime. Both effects are confirmed by density functional theory calculations. In addition, relatively slow (tens of picoseconds) dissociation of charges from the CT state is observed, due to low local charge mobility. Simulations using a four‐state kinetic model entailing the effects of energetic disorder reveal that the free charge yield can be increased from the observed 12% to 60% by increasing the S1 and CT lifetimes to 150 ps. Alternatively, decreasing the interfacial CT state disorder while increasing bulk disorder of free charges enhances the yield to 65% in spite of the short lifetimes.
Optimizing Electronic Quality Factor toward High‐Performance Ge1−x−yTaxSbyTe Thermoelectrics: The Role of Transition Metal Doping
Authors: Li Meng , Sun Qiang , Xu Sheng‐Duo , Hong Min , Lyu Wan‐Yu , Liu Ji‐Xing , Wang Yuan , Dargusch Matthew , Zou Jin , Chen Zhi‐Gang
Published: August 2021

Owing to high intrinsic figure‐of‐merit implemented by multi‐band valleytronics, GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials are promising for medium‐temperature applications. Transition metals are widely used as dopants for developing high‐performance GeTe thermoelectric materials. Herein, relevant work is critically reviewed to establish a correlation among transition metal doping, electronic quality factor, and figure‐of‐merit of GeTe. From first‐principle calculations, it is found that Ta, as an undiscovered dopant in GeTe, can effectively converge energy offset between light and heavy conduction band extrema to enhance effective mass at high temperature. Such manipulation is verified by the increased Seebeck coefficient of synthesized Ge1−x−yTaxSbyTe samples from 160 to 180 µV K−1 at 775 K upon doping Ta, then to 220 µV K−1 with further alloying Sb. Characterization using electron microscopy also reveals the unique herringbone structure associated with multi‐scale lattice defects induced by Ta doping, which greatly hinder phonon propagation to decrease thermal conductivity. As a result, a figure‐of‐merit of ≈2.0 is attained in the Ge0.88Ta0.02Sb0.10Te sample, reflecting a maximum heat‐to‐electricity efficiency up to 17.7% under a temperature gradient of 400 K. The rationalized beneficial effects stemming from Ta doping is an important observation that will stimulate new exploration toward high‐performance GeTe‐based thermoelectric materials.
3D Temporary‐Magnetized Soft Robotic Structures for Enhanced Energy Harvesting
Authors: Miao Liming , Song Yu , Ren Zhongyang , Xu Chen , Wan Ji , Wang Haobin , Guo Hang , Xiang Zehua , Han Mengdi , Zhang Haixia
Published: August 2021

The advent of functional materials offers tremendous potential in a broad variety of areas such as electronics, robotics, and energy devices. Magnetic materials are an attractive candidate that enable multifunctional devices with capabilities in both sensing and actuation. However, current magnetic devices, especially those with complex motion modalities, rely on permanently magnetized materials with complicated, non‐uniform magnetization profiles. Here, based on magnetic materials with temporary‐magnetization, a mechanically guided assembly process successfully converts laser‐patterned 2D magnetic materials into judiciously engineered 3D structures, with dimensions and geometries ranging from mesoscale 3D filaments, to arrayed centimeter‐scale 3D membranes. With tailorable mechanical properties and highly adjustable geometries, 3D soft structures can exhibit various tethered locomotions under the precise control of magnetic fields, including local deformation, unidirectional tilting, and omnidirectional rotation, and can serve as dynamic surfaces for further integration with other functional materials or devices. Examples demonstrated here focus on energy‐harvesting systems, including 3D piezoelectric devices for noncontact conversion of mechanical energy and active motion sensing, as well as 3D solar tracking systems. The design strategy and resulting magnetic‐controlled 3D soft structures hold great promise not only for enhanced energy harvesting, but also for multimodal sensing, robotic interfaces, and biomedical devices.
An Engineered Pseudo‐Macrophage for Rapid Treatment of Bacteria‐Infected Osteomyelitis via Microwave‐Excited Anti‐Infection and Immunoregulation
Authors: Fu Jieni , Li Yuan , Zhang Yu , Liang Yanqin , Zheng Yufeng , Li Zhaoyang , Zhu Shengli , Li Changyi , Cui Zhenduo , Wu Shuilin
Published: August 2021

Preventing deep bacterial infection and simultaneously enhancing osteogenic differentiation are in great demand for osteomyelitis. Microwave (MW) dynamic therapy is attracting attention due to its excellent penetration ability, but the mechanism of MW‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) is still unknown. Herein, MW‐responsive engineered pseudo‐macrophages (M‐Fe3O4/Au nanoparticles (NPs)) are fabricated to clear Staphylococcus aureus infections and induce M2 polarization of macrophages to improve osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under MW irradiation. Fe3O4/Au NPs can generate ·O2− and heat under MW irradiation in a saline solution, and the mechanism is put forward via finite element modeling and density functional theory calculations. Due to the gap plasmon, electromagnetic hotspots are produced at Fe3O4–Au interface at 2.45 GHz. Because of these induced electromagnetic hotspots, the sodium species is field‐ionized and subsequently reacts with oxygen to produce ·O2−. Meanwhile, the Fe3O4/Au NPs have a stronger ability than Fe3O4 NPs to fix oxygen, favoring the production of ROS. Additionally, MW‐treated macrophages diminish to secrete inflammatory cytokines, resulting in the decrease of ROS production in MSCs and thus enhancing their osteogenic differentiation. These engineered pseudo‐macrophages will be promising for effectively treating bacterial infections and promoting osteoblast differentiation simultaneously in deep tissues under MW irradiation.
A Micrometer‐Sized Silicon/Carbon Composite Anode Synthesized by Impregnation of Petroleum Pitch in Nanoporous Silicon
Authors: Chae Sujong , Xu Yaobin , Yi Ran , Lim Hyung‐Seok , Velickovic Dusan , Li Xiaolin , Li Qiuyan , Wang Chongmin , Zhang Ji‐Guang
Published: August 2021

Porous silicon (Si)/carbon nanocomposites have been extensively explored as a promising anode material for high‐energy lithium (Li)‐ion batteries (LIBs). However, shrinking of the pores and sintering of Si in the nanoporous structure during fabrication often diminishes the full benefits of nanoporous Si. Herein, a scalable method is reported to preserve the porous Si nanostructure by impregnating petroleum pitch inside of porous Si before high‐temperature treatment. The resulting micrometer‐sized Si/C composite maintains a desired porosity to accommodate large volume change and high conductivity to facilitate charge transfer. It also forms a stable surface coating that limits the penetration of electrolyte into nanoporous Si and minimizes the side reaction between electrolyte and Si during cycling and storage. A Si‐based anode with 80% of pitch‐derived carbon/nanoporous Si enables very stable cycling of a Si||Li(Ni0.5Co0.2Mn0.3)O2 (NMC532) battery (80% capacity retention after 450 cycles). It also leads to low swelling in both particle and electrode levels required for the next generation of high‐energy LIBs. The process also can be used to preserve the porous structure of other nanoporous materials that need to be treated at high temperatures.
Micro‐Concentrator Photovoltaics Using Fluidic Self‐Assembly Technology
Authors: Cho Seongkyu , Choi Wonseok , Han Sunghoon , Kim Junhoi , Lee Amos C. , Kim Su Deok , Song Seo Woo , Kim Changsoon , Lee Daewon , Kwon Sunghoon
Published: August 2021

This paper is the first to report a simple and cost‐effective method for modularizing an array of gallium arsenide (GaAs) solar cells on a plastic circuit board using fluidic self‐assembly (FSA) technology and the combination thereof with a polymer lens array to implement micro‐concentrator photovoltaics (micro‐CPV). Using FSA and low‐melting‐point solder, the GaAs cells are successfully self‐assembled into a 2D array in 1 min. Micro‐CPVs consisting of 36 and 256 cells are manufactured by aligning a polymer concentrator fabricated by a drop‐on‐demand droplet dispensed lens array mold on the solar cell array. The micro‐CPVs generate 21.31 and 112.96 mW of power, respectively, under 1 sun AM 1.5G illumination. In each module, only 1.69 and 2.27 mm2 of GaAs are used for producing 1 mW; in other words, the implemented micro‐CPV platform consumes 4.21 and 3.14 times less material than a flat‐panel GaAs array. The proposed method for implementing a GaAs‐based solar cell array enables the efficient fabrication of a compact micro‐CPV with a thickness of only 4 mm owing to the absence of a cooling module. This technology is expected to potentially increase the practical usability of III‐V compound solar cells in the energy industry.
Temperature Gradient‐Driven Multilevel and Grayscale Patterning of Tosylate‐Doped Poly(3,4‐Ethylenedioxythiophene) Films for Flexible and Functional Electronics
Authors: Kim Ju Hyeon , Kim Hyeong Jun , Jeon Jei Gyeong , Shin Gilyong , Lee Junho , Yun Sungryul , Kang Tae June
Published: August 2021

Flexible conducting polymers are an integral part of emerging flexible and functional electronics such as rollables, photovoltaics, and wearables. Patterning the polymers into various surface morphologies is essential to fabricating such devices. Introduced here is an approach of realizing the pattern by polymerizing a precursor solution into the shape of the desired pattern on substrate. Selective temperature activation of the monomer precursor containing an inhibitor leads to the formation of the polymer only on the area of the desired pattern, thereby accomplishing the pattern formation. Even multilevel and graduated patterns, not readily realizable with the conventional lithography, can be formed autonomously. Flexible electrode arrays, a foldable supercapacitor, and an electrochromic device are fabricated to demonstrate the utility of the patterning approach and to showcase development of prototype devices quickly and inexpensively.
High‐Performance Transmission Structural Colors Generated by Hybrid Metal‐Dielectric Metasurfaces
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Wenwei , Choi Duk‐Yong , Li Zhancheng , Cheng Hua , Tian Jianguo , Chen Shuqi
Published: August 2021

Despite structural colors based on metasurfaces drawing enormous attentions due to the high resolutions and superior durability, few researches focus on transmission colors in RGB model with high saturation because high‐monochromaticity transmission peak is hard to be realized. Herein, a strategy of high‐performance transmission structural colors in RGB model with high saturation, full hue, high efficiency, easy manufacturability, and polarization independence by means of Al‐Si3N4 nanoblocks deposited on glass substrate is proposed. The coupling between Wood's anomaly and Mie lattice resonance is capable of introducing magnetic‐dipole and electric‐quadrupole resonances, creating enhanced resonant peak with full width of half maximum (FWHM) of 50 nm and efficiency of over 70% in transmission mode. High‐saturation transmission colors occupying 150% standard RGB (sRGB) space can be obtained for the first time by tailoring the geometric parameters. Besides, it is also demonstrated that the hybrid nanostructures can realize full‐hue colors with constant resolutions, which is significant for imaging applications. The designed method has potential for further extending the applications of transmission colors.
3D Printed Wesselsite Nanosheets Functionalized Scaffold Facilitates NIR‐II Photothermal Therapy and Vascularized Bone Regeneration
Authors: Yang Chen , Ma Hongshi , Wang Zhiyong , Younis Muhammad Rizwan , Liu Chunyang , Wu Chengtie , Luo Yongxiang , Huang Peng
Published: August 2021

Various bifunctional scaffolds have recently been developed to address the reconstruction of tumor‐initiated bone defects. Such scaffolds are usually composed of a near‐infrared (NIR) photothermal conversion agent and a conventional bone scaffold for photothermal therapy (PTT) and long‐term bone regeneration. However, the reported photothermal conversion agents are mainly restricted to the first biological window (NIR‐I) with intrinsic poor tissue penetration depth. Also, most of these agents are non‐bioactive materials, which induced potential systemic side toxicity after implantation. Herein, a NIR‐II photothermal conversion agent (Wesselsite [SrCuSi4O10] nanosheets, SC NSs) with tremendous osteogenic and angiogenic bioactivity, is rationally integrated with polycaprolactone (PCL) via 3D printing. The as‐designed 3D composite scaffolds not only trigger osteosarcoma ablation through NIR‐II light generated extensive hyperthermia, but also promote in vitro cellular proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), respectively, and the ultimate enhancement of vascularized bone regeneration in vivo owing to the controlled and sustained release of bioactive ions (Sr, Cu, and Si). The authors' study provides a new avenue to prepare multifunctional bone scaffolds based on therapeutic bioceramics for repairing tumor‐induced bone defects.
Aquaporin‐Incorporated Graphene‐Oxide Membrane for Pressurized Desalination with Superior Integrity Enabled by Molecular Recognition
Authors: Lee Chang Seon , Kim Insu , Jang Jae Won , Yoon Dae sung , Lee Yun Jung
Published: August 2021

Aquaporins (AQPs), the natural water channel, have been actively investigated for overcoming the limitations of conventional desalination membranes. An AQP‐based biomimetic high‐pressure desalination membrane is designed by tethering AQP‐carrying red blood cell membrane (RBCM) vesicles onto graphene oxide (GO). RBCMs with AQPs are incorporated into GO based on the molecular recognition between the integrin of RBCM and Arginine‐Glycine‐Aspartate (RGD) ligand on the GO surface. GO is pre‐functionalized with the Glycine‐Arginine‐Glycine‐Aspartate‐Serine peptide to capture RBCMs. RBCMs are inserted between GO flakes through the material‐specific interaction between integrin of RBCM and RGD ligand, thus ensuring sufficient coverage of channels/defects in the GO for the full functioning of the AQPs. The incorporated AQPs are not completely fixed at the GO, as tethering is mediated by the integrin–RGD pair, and suitable AQP flexibility for appropriate functioning is guaranteed without frictional hindrance from the solid substrate. The integrity of the GO–RBCMs binding can provide mechanical strength for enduring high‐pressure reverse‐osmosis conditions for treating large amounts of water. This biomimetic membrane exhibits 99.1% NaCl rejection and a water permeance of 7.83 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 at 8 bar with a 1000‐ppm NaCl feed solution, which surpasses the upper‐bound line of current state‐of‐the‐art membranes.
Suppression of Hot‐Carrier Effects Facilitated by the Multimodal Thin‐Film Transistor Architecture
Authors: Bestelink Eva , de Sagazan Olivier , Motte Lea , Sporea Radu A.
Published: August 2021

Hot‐carrier effects are a persistent challenge for Ohmic contact, high carrier mobility thin‐film transistors. As semiconductor properties are systematically improved, such phenomena (e.g., the kink effect) are becoming apparent even in materials such as InGaZnO. Few of the past solutions are practical in these low‐complexity semiconductor systems. Here, it is shown that contact‐controlled devices offer robust performance under extreme biasing conditions due to their distinctive charge injection processes. The recently‐developed multimodal transistor (MMT) provides further control still, by separate regulation of current flow and magnitude. Internal electric field distributions in the source and drain regions are studied via technology computer‐aided design simulations, and support the formulation of operational guidelines for the MMT's channel control gate for optimal characteristics in saturation. As MMT principles are universal, these findings should inform device design and operation in all high carrier mobility material systems.
An Ultrafast Quasi‐Non‐Volatile Semi‐Floating Gate Memory with Low‐Power Optoelectronic Memory Application
Authors: Zhou Yu , Ning Jing , Shen Xue , Guo Haibin , Zhang Chi , Dong Jianguo , Lu Wei , Feng Xin , Hao Yue
Published: August 2021

Semi‐floating gate (SFG) memory based on 2D materials shows ultrahigh‐speed operations and fills the huge gap between volatile memory and nonvolatile memory technology in time scale. In this study, a SFG FET with a programmable rectification mode based on the 2D WS2 is achieved. The innovative use of the quasi‐non‐volatile programmable p–n junction photovoltaic effect successfully provides an ultra‐low power consumption photovoltaic quasi‐non‐volatile memory. The device exhibits a switching ratio of more than 107 at constant drain‐source voltage Vds = ±5 V. In the p–n junction mode, after removing the gate voltage for 1 h, the rectification ratio of the device is 105. Combined with ultra‐fast operation speed, which can provide perspectives on possible directions of the next generation for low‐power high‐speed semi‐floating gate FET applications.
The Effect oftransAxial Isocyanide Ligands on Iron(II) Tetra‐NHC Complexes and their Reactivity in Olefin Epoxidation
Authors: Esslinger Eva‐Maria H. J. , Schlagintweit Jonas F. , Zámbó Greta G. , Imhof Alexander M. , Reich Robert M. , Kühn Fritz E.
Published: August 2021

The performance oftransaxially substituted mono‐(2 a) and bis(tert‐butylisocyanide) (2 b) complexes derived from the highly active bio‐inspired iron(II) (pre‐ )catalyst2containing an equatorial macrocyclic tetraN‐heterocyclic carbene in homogenous olefin epoxidation catalysis is reported. H2O2is used as oxidant in combination with the Lewis acid Sc(OTf)3as additive resulting in a considerable improvement of catalytic activity. In contrast to other iron epoxidation catalysts, the introduction of π‐accepting isocyanide ligands does not improve the catalytic performance of2 aand2 bposed by cyclic voltammetry. However, besides their lower activity, a high temperature tolerance of both compounds is found as a unique feature for iron NHC epoxidation catalysts.
Prevalence and predictors of direct discharge home following hospitalization of patients with serious adverse events managed by the rapid response system in Japan: a multicenter, retrospective, observational study
Authors: Hongo Takashi , Naito Hiromichi , Fujiwara Toshifumi , Naito Takaki , Homma Yosuke , Fujimoto Yoshihisa , Takaya Morooka , Yamamori Yuji , Nakada Taka‐aki , Nojima Tsuyoshi , Nakao Atsunori , Fujitani Shigeki ,   In‐Hospital Emergency Study Group
Published: August 2021

Aim

The rapid response system (RRS) is an in‐hospital medical safety system. To date, not much is known about patient disposition after RRS activation, especially discharge home. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, characteristics, and outcomes of patients with adverse events who required RRS activation.

Methods

Retrospective data from the In‐Hospital Emergency Registry in Japan collected from April 2016 to November 2020 were eligible for our analysis. We divided patients into Home Discharge, Transfer, and Death groups. The primary outcome was the prevalence of direct discharge home, and independently associated factors were determined using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

We enrolled 2,043 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of discharge home was 45.7%; 934 patients were included in the Home Discharge group. Age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 0.96; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95–0.97), malignancy (AOR 0.69; 95% CI, 0.48–0.99), oxygen administration before RRS (AOR 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36–0.66), cerebral performance category score on admission (AOR 0.38; 95% CI, 0.26–0.56), do not attempt resuscitation order before RRS (AOR 0.17; 95% CI, 0.10–0.29), RRS call for respiratory failure (AOR 0.50; 95% CI, 0.34–0.72), RRS call for stroke (AOR 0.12; 95% CI, 0.03–0.37), and intubation (AOR 0.20; 95% CI, 0.12–0.34) were independently negative, and RRS call for anaphylaxis (AOR 15.3; 95% CI, 2.72–86.3) was positively associated with discharge home.

Conclusion

Less than half of the in‐hospital patients under RRS activation could discharge home. Patients’ conditions before RRS activation, disorders requiring RRS activation, and intubation were factors that affected direct discharge home.
Photodriven Elimination of Chlorine From Germanium and Platinum in a Dinuclear PtII→GeIV Complex
Authors: Karimi Mohammadjavad , Tabei Elham S. , Fayad Remi , Saber Mohamed R. , Danilov Evgeny O. , Jones Cameron , Castellano Felix N. , Gabbaï François P.
Published: August 2021

Searching for a connection between the two‐electron redox behavior of Group‐14 elements and their possible use as platforms for the photoreductive elimination of chlorine, we have studied the photochemistry of [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2GeIVCl2]PtIICl2 and [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2ClGeIII]PtIIICl3, two newly isolated isomeric complexes. These studies show that, in the presence of a chlorine trap, both isomers convert cleanly into the platinum germyl complex [(o‐(Ph2P)C6H4)2ClGeIII]PtICl with quantum yields of 1.7 % and 3.2 % for the GeIV–PtII and GeIII–PtIII isomers, respectively. Conversion of the GeIV–PtII isomer into the platinum germyl complex is a rare example of a light‐induced transition‐metal/main‐group‐element bond‐forming process. Finally, transient‐absorption‐spectroscopy studies carried out on the GeIII–PtIII isomer point to a ligand arene–Cl. charge‐transfer complex as an intermediate.
Paranasal sinus system and upper respiratory tract evolution in Mesozoic pelagic crocodylomorphs
Authors: Cowgill Thomas , Young Mark T. , Schwab Julia A. , Walsh Stig , Witmer Lawrence M. , Herrera Yanina , Dollman Kathleen N. , Choiniere Jonah N. , Brusatte Stephen L.
Published: August 2021

Thalattosuchians were a predominately marine clade of Mesozoic crocodylomorphs, including semi‐aquatic teleosauroid and obligately pelagic metriorhynchid subclades. Recent advances in our understanding of thalattosuchian endocranial anatomy have revealed new details of the evolutionary transition from terrestrial to marine to pelagic taxa. Paranasal sinuses, however, have received little attention. Herein, we investigate the evolution of the paranasal sinus system and part of the upper respiratory system (nasopharyngeal ducts) in Thalattosuchia, by reconstructing the nasal and paranasal anatomy in CT scans of seven thalattosuchian skulls: one teleosauroid, two basal metriorhynchoids and four metriorhynchids. Our outgroups were: three extant crocodylian species (including adult and subadult skulls) and the basal crocodyliform Protosuchus. We found thalattosuchians exhibit exceptionally reduced paranasal sinus systems, solely comprising the antorbital sinus, as has been previously proposed. The semi‐aquatic basal thalattosuchians Palgiopthalmosuchus gracilirostris and Pelagosaurus typus both have an antorbital sinus partially located medial to a reduced external antorbital fenestra and broadly communicating with the dorsal alveolar canal. In pelagic metriorhynchids, the antorbital cavity is more extensive than in basal taxa and possibly had an active function associated with a hypothesized accessory suborbital diverticulum, but our reconstructions are insufficient to confirm or reject the presence of such a diverticulum. The nasopharyngeal ducts of metriorhynchids are dorsoventrally enlarged, possibly enabling stronger ventilation. The sequence of acquisition of craniofacial adaptations show a mosaic pattern and appears to predate many skeletal adaptations, suggesting these changes occurred early in the thalattosuchian marine transition.
Green intellectual capital and environmental management accounting: Natural resource orchestration in favor of environmental performance
Authors: Asiaei Kaveh , Bontis Nick , Alizadeh Raziye , Yaghoubi Mehdi
Published: August 2021

Taking inspiration from the natural resource‐based view of the firm and resource orchestration theory, we propose a new approach, that is, natural resource orchestration, to investigate how green intellectual capital and environmental management accounting stimulate environmental performance. Using survey data collected from 106 chief financial officers (CFOs) of publicly listed companies in Iran, findings show that the elements of green intellectual capital (green human capital, green structural capital, and green relational capital) are positively associated with both environmental management accounting and environmental performance. In addition, findings support the hypothesis that the use of environmental management accounting mediates the relationship between green intellectual capital and environmental performance. This study provides fresh insights into how an organization deals with the effective alignment (i.e., orchestration) of various green resources, for example, green intellectual capital and environmental management accounting, to promote environmental performance. This is the first study ever to introduce the natural resource orchestration approach for examining how environmental management accounting appears to play a role in translating green intellectual capital into enhanced environmental performance.
Metabolomic Analysis of Combretum lanceolatum Plants Interaction with Diaporthe phaseolorum and Trichoderma spirale Endophytic Fungi through 1H‐NMR
Authors: Lacerda Jhuly W. F. , Siqueira Katia A. , Vasconcelos Leonardo G. , Bellete Barbara S. , Dall'Oglio Evandro L. , Sousa Junior Paulo T. , Faraggi Tomer M. , Vieira Lucas C. C. , Soares Marcos A. , Sampaio Olívia M.
Published: August 2021

Endophytic fungi are an important class of microorganisms, able to interact with a host plant via a mutualistic mechanism without visible symptoms of the fungal colonization. The synergy between endophytic fungi and their host plant can promote morphological, physiological and biochemical changes through the expression of bioactive metabolites. This work aims to correlate metabolic changes in the Combretum lanceolatum plant metabolome with its endophytic fungi Diaporthe phaseolorum (Dp) and Trichoderma spirale (Ts), and to discover corresponding metabolite‐biomarkers, with the principal focus being on its primary metabolism. The 1H‐NMR metabolomic analysis of qualitative and quantitative changes was performed through multivariate statistical analysis and the identification of primary metabolites was achieved on the Madison Metabolomics Consortium Database. The presence of Dp significantly impacted the plant's metabolic pathways, improving the biosynthesis of primary metabolites such as threonine, malic acid and N‐acetyl‐mannosamine, which are precursors of special metabolites involved in plant self‐defence. This work represents a valuable contribution to advanced studies on the metabolic profiles of the interaction of plants with endophytes.
Hot topics in interventional cardiology: Proceedings from the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI) 2021 think tank
Authors: Naidu Srihari S. , Baron Suzanne J. , Eng Marvin H. , Sathanandam Shyam K. , Zidar David A. , Feldman Dmitriy N. , Ing Frank F. , Latif Faisal , Lim Michael J. , Henry Timothy D. , Rao Sunil V. , Dangas George D. , Hermiller James B. , Daggubati Ramesh , Shah Binita , Ang Lawrence , Aronow Herbert D. , Banerjee Subhash , Box Lyndon C. , Caputo Ronald P. , Cohen Mauricio G. , Coylewright Megan , Duffy Peter L. , Goldsweig Andrew M. , Hagler Donald J. , Hawkins Beau M. , Hijazi Ziyad M. , Jayasuriya Sasanka , Justino Henri , Klein Andrew J. , Kliger Chad , Li Jun , Mahmud Ehtisham , Messenger John C. , Morray Brian H. , Parikh Sahil A. , Reilly John , Secemsky Eric , Shishehbor Mehdi H. , Szerlip Molly , Yakubov Steven J. , Grines Cindy L. ,   And the members of the SCAI 2020 Think Tank Consortium: Lindsay Ackman, Alvarez‐Breckenridge Jennifer , Baird Colleen , Baker David , Berry Charles , Bhattacharya Manisha , Bilazarian Seth , Bowen Rosanne , Brounstein Kevin , Cameron Cole , Cavalcante Rafael , Culbertson Casey , Diaz Pedro , Emanuele Susan , Evans Erin , Fletcher Rob , Fortune Tina , Gaiha Priya , Govender Devi , Gutfinger Dan , Haggstrom Kurt , Herzog Andrea , Hite Denise , Kalich Bethany , Kirkland Ann , Kohler Toni , Laurisden Holly , Livolsi Kevin , Lombardi Lois , Lowe Sarah , Marhenke Kevin , Meikle Joie , Moat Neil , Mueller Megan , Patarca Roberto , Popma Jeff , Rangwala Novena , Simonton Chuck , Stokes Jerry , Taber Margaret , Tieche Christopher , Venditto John , West Nick E. J. , Zinn Laurie
Published: August 2021

The Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) Think Tank is a collaborative venture that brings together interventional cardiologists, administrative partners, and select members of the cardiovascular industry community annually for high‐level field‐wide discussions. The 2021 Think Tank was organized into four parallel sessions reflective of the field of interventional cardiology: (a) coronary intervention, (b) endovascular medicine, (c) structural heart disease, and (d) congenital heart disease. Each session was moderated by a senior content expert and co‐moderated by a member of SCAI's Emerging Leader Mentorship program. This document presents the proceedings to the wider cardiovascular community in order to enhance participation in this discussion, create additional dialog from a broader base, and thereby aid SCAI, the industry community and external stakeholders in developing specific action items to move these areas forward.
Urgent endovascular aortic dissection repair in a Marfan patient during COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Yuan Xun , Castro Verdes Mireya , Capoccia Massimo , Rosendahl Ulrich , Nienaber Christoph A.
Published: August 2021

Although Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair is usually applied to patients without connective tissue disorders, our case shows its potential for complicated type B aortic dissection in a Marfan patient as a feasible alternative to open redo surgery with good short‐term outcomes.
Heterotopic pregnancy after a spontaneous conception a case report with a review of clinical, laboratory and imaging findings
Authors: Abdelmonem Ahmed H. , Sayed Gamal , Abugazia Abd Elwahid , Kohla Samah , Youssef Reda
Published: August 2021

Heterotopic pregnancy (HP) describes the simultaneous presence of two pregnancies at different implantation sites. Usually, one pregnancy is intrauterine and the other one is ectopic. The incidence of HP after assisted reproductive technologies reaches 1:3900, but is very rare after a spontaneous pregnancy, with a reported incidence of 1 to 30,000 pregnancies.

Due to its rarity, complex clinical picture, and laboratory findings, it is challenging to diagnose HP. We present a case of spontaneous HP diagnosed in the first trimester by ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and subsequently managed successfully. We present an analysis of the clinical and laboratory findings as well as imaging, including MRI that we used to diagnose the condition. Additionally, we performed a literature review.

Conclusions

HP is a very rare condition frequently faced in obstetrics, gynecology, and emergency departments that requires a high index of clinical suspicion. US remains the imaging modality of choice in diagnosing a HP, however, in some cases, an MRI with a reported safety in the first trimester, can be used to provide additional information over US.
An uncommon side effect of a very commonly used medication: A case report on hydrocortisone‐induced bradycardia
Authors: Payus Alvin Oliver , Chai Ann Chee , Mustafa Norlaila
Published: August 2021

Sinus bradycardia is a rare but important side effect of high‐dose hydrocortisone. It is a self‐limiting condition that recovered spontaneously upon stopping the medication and did not recur with other types of corticosteroids.
Gas‐Phase Hydroformylation Using Supported Ionic Liquid Phase (SILP) Catalysts – Influence of Support Texture on Effective Kinetics
Authors: Schörner Markus , Rothgängel Philipp , Mitländer Kerstin , Wisser Dorothea , Thommes Matthias , Haumann Marco
Published: August 2021

The supported ionic liquid phase (SILP) concept, which included thin films of ionic liquid dispersed onto porous support surfaces, was applied for the gas‐phase hydroformylation of but‐1‐ene catalyzed by Rh‐bpp (bpp=biphephos ligand) complexes. The support material silica was carefully pre‐treated by a hydrothermal procedure to induce textural changes concerning the pore size. Starting with a mean pore size of 3 nm these could be enlarged by almost a factor of 10 up to 27 nm. Different particle size fractions having the same pore size of 10±1 nm were investigated regarding the hydroformylation activity. A clear limitation by pore diffusion can be found for particles larger than 500 μm in diameter. The limitation could be minimized by enlarging the pore size. To support the data, dimensionless numbers and criteria were calculated, including Thiele‐modulus, Mears, and Weisz‐Prater. All data support the assumption that limitation occurs around 500 μm particle size if 10 nm pores are present.
Understanding the Enhancement of Electrocatalytic Activity toward Hydrogen Evolution in Alkaline Water Splitting by Anodically Formed Oxides on Ni and C‐containing Ni
Authors: Flis‐Kabulska Iwona , Gajek Arkadiusz , Flis Janusz
Published: August 2021

Nickel oxides/hydroxides are active electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline water electrolysis. A durable activity of Ni with Ni(OH)2 was observed mainly on porous substrates, such as nickel foam or carbon cloth. Herein, we examined the effect of anodic oxidation on the HER using smooth samples of Ni, Ni with graphene, and Ni with C introduced by a low‐temperature plasma treatment. Electrochemical measurements in 1.0 M KOH showed that a strong activation toward HER was achieved by voltammetric cycling to potentials of the formation of Ni3O4, Ni2O3, and/or NiO2. The presence of C enhanced this activation. The effect of C was explained by the accumulation of larger amounts of these products as a result of a deteriorated passivity, their higher compactness (demonstrated by higher impedance), and the longer durability under conditions of HER (revealed by a slower cathodic reduction). The durability of oxides in porous C structures can be explained by anodic potentials in pores owing to the ohmic potential drop. It is proposed that anodic oxidation might be used for the reactivation of Ni cathodes for water electrolysis.
Experimental methods in chemical engineering:X‐ray absorption spectroscopy—XAS,XANES,EXAFS
Authors: Iglesias‐Juez Ana , Chiarello Gian Luca , Patience Gregory S. , Guerrero‐Pérez M. Olga
Published: August 2021

Although X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was conceived in the early 20th century, it took 60 years after the advent of synchrotrons for researchers to exploit its tremendous potential. Counterintuitively, researchers are now developing bench type polychromatic X‐ray sources that are less brilliant to measure catalyst stability and work with toxic substances. XAS measures the absorption spectra of electrons that X‐rays eject from the tightly bound core electrons to the continuum. The spectrum from 10 to 150 eV (kinetic energy of the photoelectrons) above the chemical potential—binding energy of core electrons—identifies oxidation state and band occupancy (X‐ray absorption near edge structure, XANES), while higher energies in the spectrum relate to local atomic structure like coordination number and distance, Debye‐Waller factor, and inner potential correction (extended X‐ray absorption fine structure, EXAFS). Combining XAS with complementary spectroscopic techniques like Raman, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) elucidates the nature of the chemical bonds at the catalyst surface to better understand reaction mechanisms and intermediates. Because synchrotrons continue to be the light source of choice for most researchers, the number of articles Web of Science indexes per year has grown from 1000 in 1991 to 1700 in 2020. Material scientists and physical chemists publish an order of magnitude articles more than chemical engineers. Based on a bibliometric analysis, the research comprises five clusters centred around: electronic and optical properties, oxidation and hydrogenation catalysis, complementary analytical techniques like FTIR, nanoparticles and electrocatalysis, and iron, metals, and complexes.
Atypia of undetermined significance in thyroid cytology: Nuclear atypia and architectural atypia are associated with different molecular alterations and risks of malignancy
Authors: Glass Ryan E. , Levy Joshua J. , Motanagh Samaneh A. , Vaickus Louis J. , Liu Xiaoying
Published: August 2021

Background

The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology contains an atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) category with heterogeneous and distinct inclusion criteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate differences in malignancy rates and molecular alterations based on the presence of different criteria.

Methods

A laboratory information search was conducted to identify thyroid fine‐needle aspiration specimens signed out as AUS. The cases were reclassified as architectural atypia (3A), cytologic atypia (3C), both architectural and cytologic atypia (3B), or Hürthle cell aspirate (3H). Surgical follow‐up and concurrent molecular test results, if available, were collected.

Results

Five hundred ten specimens, including 258 reclassified as 3A, 40 reclassified as 3B, 119 reclassified as 3C, and 86 reclassified as 3H, were identified. The risks of malignancy for the subcategories were 13.4%, 26.3%, 44.1%, and 13.8%, respectively. Additionally, BRAF V600E mutations were more prevalent in specimens with cytologic atypia (3B/3C), whereas low‐risk alterations, including KRAS, PTEN, and PAX8‐PPARy2, were more prevalent in those with architectural atypia (3A).

Conclusions

Subdividing AUS specimens on the basis of the type of atypia can yield categories associated with distinct molecular alterations and risks of malignancy.
Stackelberg game‐based task offloading in vehicular edge computing networks
Authors: Liu Shuang , Tian Jie , Deng Xiaofang , Zhi Yuan , Bian Ji
Published: August 2021

With the emergence of intelligent vehicles, how to satisfy the demands of the vehicles with computing‐intensive and delay‐sensitive tasks has become a challenging issue. Vehicular edge computing (VEC) is proposed as an advanced paradigm to improve the service of vehicles through offloading the task to the VEC servers. Nevertheless, VEC servers always have limited computation resources and do not satisfy the offloading requirements of vehicles. To this end, in this paper, we propose a more flexible offloading scheme by jointly considering the offloading strategies and the price strategy. In the proposed scheme, where the task can be dynamically divided into two parts parallel executed at the vehicles and VEC servers. A multi‐leader and multi‐follower Stackelberg game ‐based distributed algorithm is proposed to maximize the utilities of the vehicles and the VEC servers under the delay constraint. Finally, the game equilibrium is analyzed and achieved. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed offloading scheme converges fast and always outperforms the existing schemes in terms of the vehicular utility under different network conditions. For instance, the proposed scheme achieves the utility improvement over 56.62% compared to the fixed selection strategy and achieves the utility improvement up to 161.0% compared to the complete offloading with fixed price strategy when the number of vehicles is 10. Additionally, the effects of key parameters such as the offloading strategies and, the price strategy, and the computation resource on the average utility of vehicles are also discussed and analyzed based on the simulation results.
Weight misperception and its associations with eating disorder symptoms over the course of residential eating disorder treatment
Authors: Kinnear Abbigail , Withnell Samantha J. , Witte Tracy K. , Smith April R. , Szczyglowski Kamila , Bodell Lindsay P.
Published: August 2021

Objective

Although individuals with eating disorders (EDs) often experience significant body dissatisfaction and perceptual body image distortions, the presence and impact of weight misperception in clinical samples have been minimally examined. The aims of this study were to quantify weight misperception in individuals with EDs, examine whether weight misperception predicts ED severity at treatment discharge, and explore changes in weight misperception across treatment.

Method

Participants were 98 women seeking residential treatment for their ED who reported weekly on their perceived weight. Objectively measured weight was subtracted from perceived weight to determine weekly “weight misperception.” Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE‐Q) at intake and discharge to assess ED severity. Weight misperception at intake and change in weight misperception over treatment were examined as predictors of ED pathology at discharge.

Results

Approximately 74.5% of the sample overestimated their weight, with an average weight misperception of 2.7 (SD = 5.6) pounds (1.2 kg; SD = 2.5). Weight misperception spanned from −6.2 to 43.6 pounds (−2.8 to 19.8 kg) and did not differ based on ED diagnosis. On average, weight misperception increased throughout treatment. Greater weight misperception at intake as well as greater increases in weight misperception over treatment significantly predicted EDE‐Q scores at discharge.

Discussion

Findings highlight that weight misperception is not limited to underweight patients. Misperceiving one's weight may predict symptom severity across a range of EDs, and future research is needed to examine whether targeting weight misperception during residential treatment could improve treatment outcomes for individuals with EDs.