bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-situational word learning with multimodal neural networks
Authors: Vong Wai Keen , Lake Brenden M.
Published: June 2021

In order to learn the mappings from words to referents, children must integrate co-occurrence information across individually ambiguous pairs of scenes and utterances, a challenge known as cross-situational word learning. In machine learning, recent multimodal neural networks have been shown to learn meaningful visual-linguistic mappings from cross-situational data, as needed to solve problems such as image captioning and visual question answering. These networks are potentially appealing as cognitive models because they can learn from raw visual and linguistic stimuli, something previous cognitive models have not addressed. In this paper, we examine whether recent machine learning approaches can help explain various behavioral phenomena from the psychological literature on cross-situational word learning. We consider two variants of a multimodal neural network architecture, and look at seven different phenomena associated with cross-situational word learning, and word learning more generally. Our results show that these networks can learn word-referent mappings from a single epoch of training, matching the amount of training found in cross-situational word learning experiments. Additionally, these networks capture some, but not all of the phenomena we studied, with all of the failures related to reasoning via mutual exclusivity. These results provide insight into the kinds of phenomena that arise naturally from relatively generic neural network learning algorithms, and which word learning phenomena require additional inductive biases.
Using MTurk to Capture Change: Tracking Perceptions of COVID-19 in a U.S. sample through the UO-EPIDeMIC Study
Authors: Duarte Bernardo , Shoots-Reinhard Brittany , Silverstein Michael , Goodwin Raleigh , Bjälkebring Pär , Markowitz David Matthew , Peters Ellen
Published: June 2021

The University of Oregon’s “Emotions and Polarization in Decisions & Media in COVID-19” (UO-EPIDeMIC) study tracked perceptions of the COVID-19 pandemic from February 17th of 2020 through December 17th of 2020 in a single cohort of 1,284 American Mechanical Turk (MTurk) workers. Affect, attitudes, risk perceptions, intentions for protective behaviors, trust in various actors, media usage, and attitudes towards potential solutions were measured throughout the pandemic’s progression. Through six longitudinal waves of surveys, we demonstrate Mturk’s potential as a tool for recruiting high-quality longitudinal cohorts of participants. The data collected through these surveys have been used in various lines of research to learn about how individuals react and adapt to a global catastrophe.
Reinterpreting the Relationship between the Caste System and Marxism
Authors: Chauhan Yash
Published: June 2021

In India, sixty years ago it was irrefutable that the structure of the caste system paralleled the Marxist view of class organization, in terms of the lower castes' lack of vertical mobility, dependence on hereditary division of labour, and deficiency of capital and land. In fact, since its emergence in 1964, the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) has maintained that it would be in the best interest of lower caste individuals to support a Marxist agenda to launch nationwide class struggle to free themselves from the shackles of the caste system. It is also true that, in the 1970s, 85% percent of lower caste individuals made up the bottom 35% of India’s financial ladder, leading to the quotidian Marxian argument that the lower castes can be equated to the proletariat of Western Society. While these arguments might have some truth to them, this essay will explore why India, over the last sixty years, has endured too great of a reformation in terms of the caste system to simply be equated to the Marxist class organization. The disparity between the negativism of the CPI(M) and the current extent of oppression of the lower caste is shown, through the exploration of logical incorencies on the part of the CPI(M) and the lower caste perception of the policies directed at them by both left and right-wing political parties. Furthermore, it is established why the notion of an entire Marxist class revolution no longer has political appeal amongst the lower caste: the reservations and affirmative action on the part of the current administration. Yet it is still conceded that, although used in an orthogonally different manner, the Marxist framework can, to a certain extent, still be applied to current organization of the caste system in India.
Media and science. The handling of scientific information on SARS-CoV-2 in Mexican media
Authors: Hernández Pérez Christian Saúl
Published: June 2021

The use and management of scientific sources of information, made by the Mexican media, regarding SARS-CoV-2 is analyzed. It is investigated whether four national media, two news and two opinion, resort to verified scientific sources to inform or comment on the specialized issues about the virus. An exploratory study was carried out on the number of scientific publications made on the virus in scientific databases and in three preprint repositories. Subsequently, a content analysis of four Mexican media was conducted to identify the sources and use of specialized information regarding SARS-CoV-2. Frequently, the news media rely on agency content, although in its original content there is a use-learning curve that allows forecasting best practices The opinion media delve into reflection, but its editorial line is dominant in the face of the scientific approach to the current issue.
BIROKRASI KABUPATEN KEPULAUAN TANIMBAR SEBAGAI GELANGGANG PATRONASE
Authors: Emanratu Pieter Frits
Published: June 2021

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis posisi birokrasi secara politik, serta kecenderungan dijadikannya birokrasi sebagai arena distribusi kepentingan atau gelanggang patronase pada birokrasi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan model menggunakan Model Miles Dan Huberman, melalui prosedur Reduksi Data, Penyajian Data, dan Penarikan Kesimpulan.Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, ditemukan adanya keterlibatan sejumlah pegawai ASN di lingkungan Pemerintah Kabupaten Kepulauan Tanimbar dalam kegiatan politik praktis. Keikutsertaan para ASN dalam kegiatan politik praktis sekaligus memastikan kebenaran tentang hubungan patron klien antara birokrat dan politisi yang kemudian berlanjut pada pemanfaatan birokrasi sebagai arena distribusi kepentingan. Kata Kunci : Birokrasi, Patronase
Potentiality of income generation through Non-timber Forest Products: A case study from the Sallipatan Trishakti Community Forest, Bajhang district, Nepal
Authors: Singh Jeewan , Miya Mahamad Sayab , Adhikari Amit , Das Lalit Kumar
Published: June 2021

Non-timber Forest Products are the major source of livelihood support for rural communities in Nepal. A case study was performed to determine the potentiality of income generation through Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) in the Sallipatan Trishakti community forest of Bajhang district, Nepal from February to April 2020. The Questionnaire surveys, key informant surveys, focus group discussions and forest resource inventory have been used for the data collection. A total of 37 species of NTFPs from 31 families were identified out of which only five species were found to have high market potential. Xanthoxylum armatum (Timur), Phyllanthus emblica (Amala), and Cinnamomum tamala (Tejpat) were found in good frequency and have a good market but the yearly earnings and the number of households involved were low. Bergenia ciliate (Pakhanbed), Valeriana jatamansi (Sugandhawal), and Rhododendron arboretum (Lali gurans) were present in high density in the forest and have high market value but locals didn’t prefer and market them due to lack of knowledge and processing technology. Pinus roxburghii, Myrica esculenta, Among the total respondents, 59% collect NTFPs for household purposes, 30% for selling purposes, and 11% for traditional uses. Swertia chirayita, Rhododendron arboretum, Cinnamomum tamala, Drepanostachyum sps., Asparagous racemous and Taxus wallichiana would have the potentiality for small scale business from the community forest if they were promoted and managed properly.
Benefits of Economic Liberalization in Growth and Development of Industry: With Reference to Butwal Industrial Area of Nepal
Authors: Man Singh Bal Krishna , Pyakuryal Bishwambher
Published: June 2021

Economic liberalization policy is important to speed up the development activities. Nepal has been following the policy of economic liberalization since the mid-1980s which was accelerated with the start of 1990s. Nepal adopted economic liberalization to minimize public expenditure burden of loss-making public enterprises, mobilize private savings, investments, and FDI (Foreign Domestic Investment) as well as to meet Multilateral Donors conditions of economic reform. The study was conducted to identify the benefit of economic liberalization in industrial growth and development in Nepal. The study was conducted in the Butwal area of Province 5. It was a cross-section study based on the quantitative design. There was total 385 respondents selected from among the industrialists, traders, and bankers. The result shows that there were positive impactson the various economic indicators of industry like quantitative restrictions in trade had been removed, bilateral trade agreement facilitated free flow of goods and services, deregulated the monopoly of market, controlling in price structure, privatization of public services, flexibility in the exchange rate, elimination of import license and quotas, liberalization of foreign investments, High and sustained growth through market-based resource allocation, infusion of competition in the economy, reduction of state domination, and encouragement of private participation in economic activities were the added advantages of liberalization. There was significant difference in the response of industrialists, traders and bankers on benefit of economic liberalization in industrial growth and development in Nepal such as promotion of free trade, deregulation of the monopoly market, elimination of subsidies, price controls and other more benefits.
Salivary Alkaline Phosphatase Level in People with Healthy Periodontium and Generalised Chronic Periodontitis
Authors: Koirala Pramod Kumar , Pradhan Shaili , Gorkhali Ranjita Shrestha
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Periodontal disease is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard supporting structures of teeth leading to alveolar bone loss and exfoliation of involved teeth when left untreated. Traditional periodontal diagnostic methods are not always able to assess present disease states. Saliva as possible biological sample helps measure current disease state, monitor treatment, and indicate prognosis. Oral fluids contain mediators of disease that include microbial host response and bone-specific resorptive markers.

Objective: To investigate and compare salivary alkaline phosphatase level in people with healthy periodontium and generalised chronic periodontitis.

Methods: This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the department of dental surgery, Bir hospital from January to December 2017. Ethical clearance was obtained from institutional review board. Unstimulated saliva sample for the evaluation of alkaline phosphatase was collected from 35 generalised chronic periodontitis (GCP) patients and 35 volunteers with healthy periodontium after informed consent was obtained and periodontal parameters were recorded. Data collected was analysed using SPSS software v.16.

Results: Three and half fold increased level of salivary alkaline phosphatase level in GCP patients than healthy volunteers was found which is highly significant. Correlation of salivary alkaline phosphatase level with clinical features of the chronic periodontal disease was observed.

Conclusion: An expected benefit of an oral fluid-based periodontal diagnostics would be identification of highly susceptible individuals prior to aggressive disease. Timely detection and diagnosis of disease offer earlier, less invasive, and more cost-effective treatment.
Localised Gingival Overgrowth in Patient taking Amlodipine
Authors: Rijal Arjun Hari , Dhami Bhageshwar , Pandey Nashib , Aryal Deepa , Neupane Kamana
Published: June 2021

Gingival enlargement is an increase in the size of gingiva. It is one of the side effects of systemic administration of antihypertensives, anticonvulsants, and immunosuppressants. Amlodipine, a new third-generation dihydropyridine, very useful in middle-aged to older aged patients for various cardiovascular conditions can cause gingival enlargement. Treatment modalities for drug induced gingival enlargement include removal of local irritating factors, meticulous plaque removal and drug substitution after consultation with a physician. This article reports an amlodipine induced gingival enlargement and its treatment in a 40 years old hypertensive male patient.
Dental education in the era of COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Pandey Nashib
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.
Short-Term Outcome of Cardiac Surgeries in a Tertiary Care Hospital at the Eastern Part of Nepal
Authors: Sharma Praman , Yadav Lokesh , Shahbaz Ahmad , Sharma Jyotindra , Nepal Rajesh , Khanal Sunil Babu , Agrawal Subhadra , Kattel Vivek
Published: June 2021

Background: Cardiac surgical procedures like coronary artery bypass graft surgery and aortic or mitral valve replacements are commonly performed worldwide. In the developing world, Cardio-Thoracic and Vascular Surgery are not adequately accessible except in a few major cities. We established the department to fill that gap at a tertiary center in the eastern part of Nepal. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the short-term outcome of all major cardiac surgeries.

Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective study including all cardiac surgery cases operated over 18 months of the establishment. Demographics, various cardiac diseases, co-morbidities, pre-specified peri-operative, and postoperative outcomes were noted in pre-structured questionnaires. The ethical clearance was taken from the hospital ethical committee.

Results: There were 67 major cardiac surgery cases performed. Among those 50.7% and 49.3% were males and females respectively with a median age of 50 years. The most common etiology was coronary artery disease (43.28%) followed by rheumatic heart disease (28.35%) and congenital heart diseases (23.88%). The mean cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross-clamp times were 93 min and 58 min respectively. The mean intensive care unit and hospital stays were 1.9 and 5.87 days respectively. One (1.5%) patient underwent reexploration and 6(8.9%) patients developed acute kidney injury. Peri-operative survival was 100% whereas the first and third-month survivals were 97% and 95% respectively.

Conclusion: Major cardiac surgeries are feasible and safe in newly established cardiac surgery department with acceptable short-term morbidity and mortality.
The Mortality burden of hematological malignancies in Ecuador
Authors: Garrido David Israel , Orquera Andres , Rojas Johanna , Granja Manuel
Published: June 2021

Background: The Hematological neoplasms (HN) are a heterogeneous group of cancers that originated in the hematopoietic or lymphoid tissues. There is reduced information published regarding HN mortality in Ecuador. This study aims to present the crude and age-specific mortality rates for HN in the Ecuadorian population.

Methods: We performed a cross-sectional study through the national database of defunctions published by the Ecuadorian National Institute of Statistics and Census, 2019. We used the ICD-10 codes to classify the HN.

Results: During 2019, 1462 deaths were reported, 53.83% were males, 87.96% of mestizo ethnicity, and 78.32% residents in urban areas. The median age was 62 years, with an interquartile range of 34.

The crude mortality rate obtained was 8.49 per 100000 inhabitants, and the higher age-specific mortality rates was 43.29 per 100000 inhabitants aged ≥ 60 years, contrasting with the 2.63 per 100000 inhabitants in people aged < 20 years. Considering each ICD-10 group, we found the following rates by 100000 inhabitants; C85 2.04, C91 1.92, C92 1.46, C90 1.11, C83 0.70, C95 0.48, C81 0.38, C84 0.16, C82 0.10, C96 0.05, C93 0.04, C86 and C94 0.02, and C88 0.01.

Conclusion: In Ecuador, during 2019, approximately eight people died due to HN by 100000 inhabitants, affecting mainly people aged ≥ 60 years. The most frequent neoplasms were Non-Hodgkin lymphomas, similar to other reports globally. These results should be analyzed considering some deficiencies in the Ecuadorian health system and the national registry. Therefore, we suggest conducting more studies regarding HN.
Mucormycosis and COVID-19 an epidemic in a pandemic?
Authors: Banerjee Indrajit , Robinson Jared , Asim Mohammad , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indraneel
Published: June 2021

Mucormycosis and aspergillosis are rare, invasive and life-threatening infections. The causative agents being namely: Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus arrhizus. The case fatality rates being over 50% respectively. Invasive Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis have been established and recognized as a complication of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. These cases have been intimately linked and related to prior corticosteroid therapy. With the new B.1.617.2 and B.1.617.2.1 or AY.1 strain of the coronavirus running rampant throughout India causing unprecedented death tolls, a new crisis is evolving. Invasive “black fungus” (Mucormycosis) is creating an epidemic within a global pandemic. The unique socio-economic, genetic and health status of India’s population culminates into a melting pot which sustains the viable triad for the “black fungus” infection to gain a stronghold. Diabetes mellitus, immunosuppression and the current COVID-19 global pandemic with its massive surges in the country have produced the “perfect storm.” Eye surgeons from around India are registering a surge in invasive Mucormycosis cases with a rise in orbital compartment syndrome often calling for radical procedures such as enucleation surgeries.
The “black fungus” pandemic and invasive Mucormycosis occurring in COVID-19 patients in India is a depiction of the sinister secondary infections and complications intimately linked with the virus. It is therefore of the upmost importance that countries surrounding India in particular Nepal and other Asiatic nations take great cognizance of this indolent “black fungus killer” and ensure new screening and testing protocols are put into place.
Is Robotics the real game changer for Urological cancer care during COVID-19 crisis?
Authors: Banerjee Indraneel , Banerjee Indrajit , Banerjee Shantimoy
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has not only led to unprecedented loss of human life and a financial crisis but also has influenced the health care system in a big way. While dealing with this crisis, a non COVID-19 deadly disease like cancer care have been greatly compromised. Robotic surgery has revolutionized management of Urological cancer care in India over last few years. It decreases pain, reduces blood loss, promotes early discharge and may be more cost effective in long term as compared to open surgery. During the ongoing pandemic Robotic surgery can be the real game changer by promoting contactless surgery, utilizing minimal personnel and less instruments in the operating room and encouraging early discharge from the hospital.
Adrenalitis tuberculosa: a propósito de una actualización
Authors: Eslava Orozco David Felipe , Tovar Cortés Henry , Fuentes Trespalacios Rubén
Published: June 2021

Introducción: la insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria (IA) descrita por Thomas Addison en 1855 atribuía como principal causa a la infección por tuberculosis (TBC) diseminada, pero con el paso del tiempo ha disminuido en los países desarrollados. En aquellos en vías de desarrollo se mantiene alta esta etiología infecciosa, en especial en pacientes con VIH. Objetivo: realizar una revisión narrativa de la literatura reciente sobre la adrenalitis TBC, incluyendo el enfoque, manejo y seguimiento en los casos de insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria (IA). Materiales y métodos:  búsqueda y análisis de los artículos disponibles en los últimos 5 años bajo los descriptores en ciencias de la salud (DeCS) enfermedad de Addison, tuberculosis, insuficiencia suprarrenal primaria y adrenalitis en español en las bases de Google scholar y LILACS, y en inglés en PubMed y ClinicalKey. Conclusiones:  la insuficiencia adrenal o adrenalitis por TBC ha descendido como causa de IA primaria, pero en el contexto de reemergencia de infección por VIH, continúa siendo una causa importante de IA en países en desarrollo. En estos casos además de la suplencia con corticosteroides el tratamiento de la causa específica es de importancia para impactar en la respuesta clínica, la supervivencia y la calidad de vida.
Synthesis of Fe2O3 nanomaterials for a rechargeable battery anode
Authors:   International Training Institute for Materials Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Bui Thi Hang , Tran Van Dang ,   International Training Institute for Materials Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Nguyen Van Quy ,   International Training Institute for Materials Science, Hanoi University of Science and Technology
Published: June 2021

Iron electrode plays an important role in iron-air batteries. Mastering the fabrication technology of this electrode material is a key step in improving capacity, cycling efficiency, and lowering the cost of commercial batteries. The sol-gel method is known to be simple and easy to implement for producing nanomaterials. In this study, α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles with various shapes were synthesised by the sol-gel method for iron-air battery anodes. Electrochemical characteristic measurements performed on Fe2O3/AB electrodes using synthesised Fe2O3nanomaterials showed that the size and morphology of iron particles strongly affect their cycleability. Optimisation of the fabrication process to obtain the suitable Fe2O3 particle size and shape for the best electrochemical properties was performed. Additionally, the effect of the K2S additive in electrolyte solution on the electrochemical properties of the Fe2O3/AB electrode was also studied.
Bovinos y ovinos Criollos del Uruguay: estudios y perspectivas
Authors: Armstrong Eileen , Postiglioni Alicia
Published: June 2021

Los bovinos y ovinos Criollos de América descienden del ganado introducido por los conquistadores españoles y portugueses en los Siglos XVI y XVII. En Uruguay existe una reserva de bovinos Criollos y otra de ovinos Criollos en el Parque de San Miguel, Rocha, además de varias poblaciones de Criollos con diversos grados de pureza en otras partes del país. El Departamento de Genética y Mejora Animal de la Facultad de Veterinaria (UdelaR) se ha dedicado al estudio y caracterización de estos animales desde el año 1996. Se han llevado a cabo estudios morfológicos, citogenéticos y con marcadores moleculares de ADN, entre los cuales se destacan genes relacionados a producción de leche, carne, enfermedades hereditarias y marcadores de diversidad genética. Los bovinos Criollos constituyen, además, una herramienta de gran valor para el análisis de rearreglos cromosómicos y su relación con aspectos reproductivos y epigenéticos. Los estudios demuestran la gran variabilidad genética de los Criollos debido a su adaptación al medio natural y a que no fueron sometidos a selección con fines productivos. Por otro lado, cierta homogeneidad morfológica y estudios de relaciones filogenéticas con otras poblaciones apoyan su concepción como raza, en especial del bovino Criollo Uruguayo, que ha sido más estudiado. Estudios de aptitud productiva, de habilidad materna y reproducción, de resistencia a parásitos y a otros patógenos contribuirán a evaluar el potencial de los Criollos y su posible inclusión en sistemas productivos sustentables.
Endocrinología metabólica en la vaca lechera durante el período de transición y su relación con el reinicio de la ciclicidad ovárica
Authors: Meikle A. , Cavestany D. , Carriquiry M. , Adrien M. L. , Ruprechter G. , Rovere G. , Peñagaricano F. , Mendoza A. , Pereira I. , Mattiauda D. , Chilibroste P.
Published: June 2021

La producción de leche se ha duplicado en las últimas décadas y concomitantemente el desempeño reproductivo ha disminuido. Las limitantes reproductivas son el reinicio de la ciclicidad ovárica luego del parto y la mortalidad embrionaria temprana. Esta revisión resume algunos trabajos realizados en los últimos 10 años respecto de los cambios metabólicos y endócrinos durante el periparto y su relación con el reinicio de la ciclicidad ovárica en vacas lecheras en nuestro país. Hemos caracterizado éstos cambios en vacas primíparas y multíparas durante el período de transición. Se realizaron estudios con dietas diferenciales en energía y proteína en el pre y postparto con el objetivo de modificar el comportamiento productivo y reproductivo, determinándose en ellos hormonas y metabolitos. Los autores concluyen que los indicadores endocrinos y metabólicos son buenas herramientas de diagnóstico que integran la memoria metabólica y el estado nutricional reciente, siendo esenciales para comprender como el eje reproductivo es informado respecto del balance energético negativo que ocurre en este período.
Assessing MODIS16A2 actual evapotranspiration across three spatial resolutions in Uruguay
Authors: Navas Rafael , Tiscornia Guadalupe , Berger Andrés G. , Otero Álvaro
Published: June 2021

Evapotranspiration (ET) is a key process in hydrological systems and, consequently, in agroecosystems. It can be measured or derived with a large variety of models at scales ranging from leaf to catchment. MODIS16A2 is a satellite ET product with 500 meters / 8-day spatio-temporal resolution worldwide. It is based on the Penman-Monteith equation and considers the effect of vegetation dynamics, albedo and land cover. This technical paper compares the ET estimated from MODIS16A2 against the ET estimated at different scales from three reference methods: (1) the INIA-GRAS Water Balance on a country-scale, (2) the SWAT model of the Santa Lucia basin on the catchment scale, and (3) the Eddy Covariance Flux located in Colonia on a farmer scale. The analysis shows similarities between MODIS16A2 and the reference methods depending on seasonality, geographic location and scale of ET estimation. The assumptions about vegetation cover, vegetation dynamics, meteorological forcing and soil characteristics of the reference methods compared with MODIS16A2 ones could explain some deviations in the ET estimations. The results of this work contribute with a first approximation towards the quantification of the uncertainty of MODIS16A2 in Uruguay.
POTENTIAL OF BRAN AS SUBSTITUTION OF GULMA CONTROL IN MANUAL ON RICE PLANTING (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Sukmawati Fitria Nugraheni , Kastono Dodi , Rogomulyo Rohlan
Published: June 2021

The first aim of this research was to know if brain used on weeds control and changed manual weeds control. The second aim was to know the optimum dosage of bran in any frequency applications on weeds control to increase rice yield. Randomized Complete Block Designe (RCBD) was used and replicated in a three blocks. Analysis of variance was used for data analysis, and than followed with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if there was a significant different. Orthogonal Contrast Test was used to know the best treatment in controlled weeds growth. Trend Comparisson Test was used to know the optimum dosage of bran in any frequency applications on weeds control to increase rice yield. The result of this research show that bran could suppress weeds growth and changed manual weeds control, however yet increase rice yield 250 kg/ha of bran wich once and twice application were recommended and treatment combination of 143,33 kg/ha at third application was reach as best combination ti increase rice yield, up to 4,61 ton/ha.Key words: weeds control, manual, bran
THE EFFECT OF APPLICATION OF GRANULAR ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON PEST RESISTANCE AND PRODUCTIVITY OF THREE RED ONION CULTIVARS (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Karismawati Tabita , Sasmita Ellen Rosyelina , Brotodjojo Rukmowati
Published: June 2021

The aim of this research was to know the effect of granular organic fertilizer enriched with boiler ash and neem leaves powder on productivity and pest resistance of three red onion cultivars (Allium ascalonicum L.). The research was conducted in coastel sandy soils in Srigading village, Sanden, Bantul, DIY, from June to August 2017. The experiment was arranged in a Completly Randomized Block Design with two factors. The first factor was the doses of granular organic fertilizer (20 ton/ha, 30 ton/ha and 40 ton/ha) and anorganic fertilizer as control. The second factor was red onion cultivars (Super Biru, Crok Kuning and Tiron). Parameters observed included plant height, number of bulblets, number of leaves, pest population, damage intensity, number of bulbs, fresh weight of bulbs, fresh weight of bulbs per plot, economical weight of dried bulbs per plot and economical weight of dried bulbs per hectare. The data were subjected to Anova and followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test at 5%. The results showed interaction between red onion cultivars and granular organic fertilizer significantly increased the number of bulblets, number of bulbs, fresh weight of bulbs, fresh weight of bulbs per plot, economical weight of dried bulbs per plot and economical weight of dried bulbs per hectare. The pest founded in this research was Spodoptera exigua. Pest population and damage intensity were not significantly effected by red onion cultivars and granular organic fertilizer treatment. The result showed the application of 40 ton/ha on Crok Kuning cultivar and Tiron cultivar resulted in the highest red onion production.Keywords: granular organik fertilizer, red onion, pest
RESPONSE OF THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF CIHERANG RICE (Oryza sativa L.) AND WEEDS ON THE DIFFERENT PLANTING METHODS AND WEEDING FREQUENCIES
Authors: Pamungkas Djoko Heru , Zamroni Zamroni , Sudradjat Suprih
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to observe the growth and yield of Chiherang rice (Oryza sativa L) and weeds in response of different planting methods and weeding frequencies. We conducted the study in Semampir, Argorejo, Sedayu Sub-district, Bantul District on April until August, 2018. We arranged field study using randomized complete block design in 3x2 factorials with 3 times repetition. First factor was Jajar legowo (J) stratified as 3 levels; 2:1 (J1), 4:1 (J2), dan 6:1 (J3). Second factor was weeding frequency in 2 levels which were 2 times in 14 and 70 hst (P1) and 3 times in 14, 49 and 70 hst (P2). Observed variables include Ciherang rice growth (plant height, total tillers, percentage of productive tillers, fresh and dried weight of each plant), components of rice yield (grain dry weight of each harvest, percentage of filled grains, yield of each hectares), and weeds (type of weeds, fresh and dry weight of weeds). We analyzed results using variance analysis with significant level of 5%, followed with 5% DMRT test. We found that application of jajar legowo planting method and weeding frequency do not correlates with all growth and weeding frequency variables of Ciherang rice and weeds. 2:1, 4:1 and 6:1 jajar legowo planting methods do not show significant impact both on Ciherang rice growth and yield, and also weeds. Both 2 times (14 and 70 hst) and 3 times (14, 49 and 70 hst) also do not have significant impact on all variables observed.Keywords: Jajar Legowo, Weeding Frequency, Ciherang Rice
THE RESPONS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF OKRA (Abelmoschus Esculentus (L.) Moench) PLANTS USING SUBSTRATE HYDROPONIC SYSTEM IN VARIOUS EC VALUE OF NUTRITION SOLUTIONS AND TYPES OF PLANTING MEDIA
Authors: Febriantara Yogi Adiyasa , Sasmita Ellen Rosyelina , Irawati Endah Budi
Published: June 2021

Okra (Abelmoschus esculantus) L. Moench), is an important vegetable that grows in the tropical and sub-tropical parts of the world. Okra plants contain very high nutritional value (at 100 g of young okra fruit containing 35 g of calories, 89.6 g of water, 6.4 g of carbohydrates, 1.9 g of protein, 0.4 g of fat, 1.2 g of fiber, 0 , 7 g of minerals). In Indonesia, okra plants have not been widely cultivated and the cultivation method has not used the right technology, so it is necessary to examine the proper cultivation methods of Okra. This study aims to determine the EC value of the most optimal nutrient solution and the effect of the type of planting media that is best on the growth and yield of okra plants. The research was carried out in plastic houses located in Pondok, Karangbendo, Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta in May to August 2018. Experiments using polybag with a Complete Randomized Block Design (RAKL) Split Plot two factors were repeated 3 times. The first factor as the main plot is the EC value of nutrient solution (C1: EC value 1.5 mS / cm, C2: EC value 2 mS / cm, C3: EC value 2.5 mS / cm) and the second factor as sub plot is type planting media (M1: Husk charcoal, M2: Sand Malang, M3: Husk charcoal + Cocopeat (1:1). The results showed that there was no interaction between the treatment of giving various EC values of nutrient solution and type of planting media. The treatment of various EC values of nutrient solution and type of planting media significantly affected the parameters of plant height growth, leaf area, root volume, flowering age, stem diameter, parameters of total fruit yield per plant, fresh weight per fruit, total fruit weight per plant, fruit weight per Ha. The treatment of giving EC values of 2.0 mS / cm showed suitable results for the growth and yield of okra plants. The treatment of the type of husk charcoal growing media showed suitable results for the growth and yield of okra plants.Keywords: Okra Plant, Substrate Hydroponic, Planting Media, Solution EC Value
Measurement of the Zakat Transparency Index of Amil Zakat Institutions (LAZ) in Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Fatoni Ahmad , Fakhrudin Muhamad
Published: June 2021

As an institution that manages social funds, transparency must be met for the Amil Zakat Institution. By measuring the zakat transparency index, the Amil Zakat Institution can find out the extent of the implementation of transparency in the organisation. Information disclosure to the public is believed to increase public confidence in paying zakat at the Amil Zakat Institution. This study aims to measure the zakat transparency index of the Amil Zakat Institution in Banten Province. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used to calculate the transparency index of zakat institutions. The Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is a multiple attribute retrieval method, where the weight of each predetermined dimension is multiplied by each variable weight, then added up. The results showed that the Amil Zakat Institution in Banten Province was included in the reasonably transparent category with an index of 0.706.
How Loan Distribution and Credit Troubled in Fostered Partners can be Done? Case Study: CSR Fund from PT. Bukit Asam Tbk. Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Riwukore Jefirstson Richset
Published: June 2021

This research aims to determine the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) partnership program implemented by State-Owned Enterprises, BUMN, namely PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk, Tanjung Enim, South Sumatra, as a form of concern for the community of small business actors by providing business capital loan assistance. Credit extension services cannot be separated from the risks that occur, such as non-performing loans. Non-performing loans that happened in PT. Bukit Asam Tanjung Enim South Sumatra, namely small business actors as fostered partners experienced a disaster, went bankrupt and fled, or business owners died. This research method uses descriptive qualitative analysis, administrative procedures for granting credit, analysing systems for giving credit assessment, monitoring credit, calculating the level of the collectibility of non-performing loans, and analysing efforts to rescue non-performing loans. The analysis results show that in 2015 to 2017 and 2018, the category of non-performing loans dominates from other categories. In 2015, 2017,2018 and 2019, the collectability in the current category experienced an increase from 1.8%, up 8.6%, up 35.40% and up to 749.87%. The percentage of loan collectibility obtained shows the amount of non-performing loans in 2015 to 2017, 2018 and 2019 has fluctuated and tends to decrease, from 78.11% to 88.74%. Reduced to 60.45% and fell to 27.58%. This finding shows that there are efforts to improve credit performance to have no problem with credit. It is recommended to CSR managers of PT. Bukit Asam, Tbk. Agra must pay attention to the level of business turnover and the provision of collateral in anticipation of bad credit and for existing lousy credit to be rescheduled or reconditioned for loan arrears or can submit evidence of problematic receivables or write-off of accounts receivable if the conditions are not collectable.
Fake News in The Malaysian 14th General Election: Shall the Net Be Free Forever?
Authors: Daud Mahyuddin
Published: June 2021

Malaysia had its 14th General Election on 9th May 2018 that resulted in a change of government from the Barisan Nasional (BN) who ruled since 1957’s independence to the Pakatan Harapan (PH) coalition. Acknowledging the power that social media had in influencing voters, The Communications and Multimedia Act 1998 (CMA) was mobilised to hunt dissenters, where some cases resulted in successful prosecution. Despite the drastic move taken to enact the Anti-Fake News Act 2018 one month before the election, the previous government failed to convince the public that fake news was grave threats to society. Instead, the above initiative may have contributed to BN’s painful defeat against the inexperienced PH. After the election, PH faced similar issues of having to deal with a plethora of fake news online and the ‘gun’ had now turned towards them. The PH Ministers had difficult times correcting misstatements issued through social media which was flooded with sarcastic trolls, some of which may amount to illegal content. Through a qualitative method, this article assesses how social media influenced the landscape of 14th GE. Consequently, international and national legal frameworks have been developed to combat the dissemination of fake news online, as analysed in the second part of this paper. The third part further examines how popular social media platforms provide countermeasures in dealing with fake news and how far legal frameworks correspond to the practices of service providers. It is hypothesised that in time, the PH coalition should have turned towards censoring the internet as done by the previous BN government due to the emerging threat of online fake news all over the world.
Cyberbullying Among Children: A Cross Jurisdictional Perspective
Authors: Ab Aziz Norjihan , Mohamad Amin Noor Shuhadawati
Published: June 2021

The offence of cyberbullying is becoming prevalent in the digital era. This involves embarrassing pictures of the victims, negative comments on social media, and the internet with the intent to harass or shame the victims. In Malaysia, cyberbullying is governed by the Communication and Multimedia Act 1998 and the Penal Code. However, if the perpetrator is a child, the Child Act 2001 governs the criminal process and the disposition of the case, which is punitive in nature. The United Nations encourages state parties to apply restorative justice to deal with cyberbullying. New Zealand has implemented a family group conference to resolve criminal offences committed by children, which includes cyberbullying. The objective of this article is to examine the nature of cyberbullying among children. This article also analyses the process under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, New Zealand law, and Malaysian law on cyberbullying among children. It is recommended that the Child Act 2001 is amended by allowing children who are involved in cyberbullying to resolve the case through a family group conference as a process of restorative justice, which is recommended by the United Nations. The significance of this research is that it works towards the betterment of children’s needs and welfare in Malaysia. This research adopts a qualitative methodology that mainly focuses on doctrinal research where the sources include, among others, statutes, journal articles, and books.
MALAYSIA’S LEGAL RESPONSE TO TACKLING THE CRIME OF ONLINE CHILD PORNOGRAPHY
Authors: Kirama Nasim Manbi Ushama  , Juriah binti Abdul Jalil
Published: June 2021

Child pornography is not a novel crime. For many years, it has been a prevalent concern but since the availability of the internet, it has become more universal and pervasive, as cyberspace provides offenders with greater accessibility to victimize children. In response to this, numerous countries around the world, including Malaysia have implemented and enhanced regulations and policies to accord better protection to children from the crime. The aim of this paper is to highlight Malaysia’s legal response and its efficacy in repressing the crime of online child pornography. Accordingly, the paper uses a doctrinal approach with content analysis to consider four issues. Firstly, the international and regional legal frameworks addressing online child pornography will be explored. Secondly, the paper provides an overview of the increasing threat of the crime in Malaysia. Subsequently, the legislative intervention taken by the nation to curb the crime is analysed, accompanied by an assessment on whether the existing law is consistent with international conventions. The overall finding reveals that the Malaysian legal mechanism has been substantially reformed to safeguard children in the country from online child pornography, especially after the enactment of the Sexual Offences Against Children Act 2017.
Burkholderia Pseudomallei Short-Chain Dehydrogenase/ Oxidoreductase: Potential Urine Biomarker Candidate for Acute Melioidosis
Authors: Pakeer Aniza , Mariappan Vanitha , Hin How Soon , Mustafa Mahmud Mohammed Imad A.
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: In the current climate of urgency in identifying biomarkers for the development of rapid diagnostic kits, the use of urine samples to diagnose acute melioidosis was evaluated, comparing urine samples from Burkholderia pseudomallei culture-positive and culture-negative patients, and comparing pneumonic and septicemic melioidosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eleven urine samples from clinically suspected melioidosis patients from a tertiary referral center, Hospital Tengku Ampuan Afzan, Pahang was used. An in-solution method for the detection of bacterial proteins using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quadrupole time-of-flight (LCMS QTOF) was used. RESULTS: Three bacterial proteins were consistently detected among all the culture[1]positive and PCR-positive cases tested, namely SDR family NAD(P)-dependent oxidoreductase protein (32kDa), 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase Burkholderia sp. (32kDa), and NAD(P)-dependent dehydrogenase (short-subunit alcohol dehydrogenase family) Burkholderia sp. (33kDa). CONCLUSIONS: Short-chain dehydrogenase (SDO) proteins could potentially be a urine biomarker candidate as these have shown to aid in the ability of Burkholderia spp. to invade host cells as this action is important for the initial intracellular survival of the organism.
Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Early Breast Cancer Using the Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Technique: A Validation Study
Authors: Khang Loh Soon , Baharudin Suraya , Abdul Latiff Juliana , Mahamad Dom Siti Aishah , Suhaimi Shahrun Niza
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is now recognized as the standard of care for early breast cancer patients with negative axillary lymph nodes. Various approaches for Sentinel Lymph Node (SLN) identification using either the blue dye method or scintigraphy alone or their combination have been proposed. However, this method is costly and may not be applicable in certain developing countries. SLNB involving the use of indocyanine green (ICG) offers several advantages, and it is valid and safe when in direct comparison with the blue dye method and scintigraphy. Hence, we performed SLNB using this method in early breast cancer as the first center that involves the use of ICG in Malaysia. We performed validation study on this method with the aims to determine its sensitivity and safety profile. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a validation and non-randomised prospective observational study involving 20 patients underwent SLNB wherein ICG is used for localisation. The patients were recruited according to the recommendations stipulated in the Malaysia Clinical Practice Guideline. RESULT: The average number of SLNs removed per patient was 4.0 (range, 3–6) with sentinel lymph nodes detection rate at 98.75% (79/80). The false negative rate is at 5%. No adverse events were observed in all cases. CONCLUSION: The ICG fluorescence method is simple, reliable and safe. Moreover, it demonstrates a high SLN detection rate with a low false-negative rate, and it does not require a special instrument for radioisotope use.
Surgeon Performed Ultrasound in Assessing Thyroid Nodule Using American College of Radiology Tirads and Total Malignancy Score (TMS): A Validation Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Muhammed Adi Syazni , Singh Randeep , Abdullah Suhaimi Shahrun Niza , Muhammad Latar Nani Harlina
Published: June 2021

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the American College of Radiology Thyroid Imaging Report and Data System (ACR-TIRADS) and Total Malignancy Score (TMS) scoring system, in differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study involving patients with thyroid nodules treated at Hospital Canselor Tuanku Muhriz from October 2017 until October 2019. Ultrasound findings were scored according to the ACR[1]TIRADS and TMS scoring system. They were then correlated with the FNAC or histopathology report. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and diagnostic accuracy of both scoring system were calculated for analysis. RESULTS: A total of 150 patients with 223 thyroid nodules were included. 17% or 38 nodules were found to be malignant. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV and accuracy of ACR-TIRADS and TMS were 97.37% vs. 84.21 % , 52.97% vs. 62.70%, 29.84% vs. 31.68%, 98.99% vs. 95.08% and 61% vs. 66% respectively. According to the ACR-TIRADS, only hypoechoic nodules was a strong predictor of malignancy. Comparatively, in the TMS, strong predictors of malignancy include single nodule, hypoechogenicity, irregular margin, and nodules with peri and intranodular vascularity. CONCLUSION: Both ACR-TIRADS and TMS score had good diagnostic accuracy in predicting malignant thyroid nodule. TMS is comparable and not inferior to ACR[1]TIRADS however, the latter is more practical for use as growth and Doppler characteristic are not included in the assessment.