bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive maintenance of infrastructure code using “fluid” datasets: An exploratory study on Ansible defect proneness
Authors: Quattrocchi Giovanni , Tamburri Damian Andrew
Published: June 2022

This work consolidates and compounds previous investigations in recognizing defects for infrastructure‐as‐code (IaC) scripts using general software development quality metrics with a focus on defect severity but adding to previous work an explorative look at creating datasets, which may boost the predictive power of provided models—we call this notion a fluid dataset. More specifically, we experiment with 50 different metrics harnessing a multiple dataset creation process whereby different versions of the same datasets are rigged with auto‐training facilities for model retraining and redeployment in a DataOps fashion. At this point, with a focus on the Ansible infrastructure code language—as a de facto standard for industrial‐strength infrastructure code—we build defect prediction models and manage to improve on the state of the art by finding an F1 score of 0.52 and a recall of 0.57 using a Naive–Bayes classifier. On the one hand, by improving state‐of‐the‐art defect prediction models using metrics generalizable for different IaC languages, we provide interesting leads for the future of infrastructure‐as‐code. On the other hand, we have barely scratched the surface on the novel approach of fluid‐datasets creation and automated retraining of Machine Learning (ML) defect prediction models, warranting for more research on the same direction in the future.
Metal Halide Perovskites for Red‐Emission Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Wei Keyu , Liang Bing , Sun Changjiu , Jiang Yuanzhi , Yuan Mingjian
Published: June 2022

Metal halide perovskites (MHPs) exhibit remarkable optoelectronic properties, thus attracting widespread attention. Over the last several years, the external quantum efficiencies of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have exceeded 20%. Despite great progresses have been made, it remains challenging to realize high performance and stable PeLEDs. Especially, red‐emission PeLEDs still cannot meet the requirement of Rec. 2100 standard. Understanding the relationship between perovskite structure and their photophysical properties will greatly facilitate the development of PeLEDs. In this review, the structural and photophysical properties of MHPs are summarized, emphasizing three archetypes (CsPbI3, FAPbI3, and MAPbI3) of perovskites for red emission. Based on the fundamental characteristics, the recently emerged optical property modulation for obtaining high‐quality red‐emission perovskite films is outlined. Then, the approaches to optimizing electronics property and extending the operational lifetime of red‐emission PeLEDs are summarized. Finally, an outlook on the future challenges and potential directions toward red‐emission PeLEDs is represented.
Ein faltbares Dach für das Weinschloss Thaller
Authors: Paech Christoph , Plieninger Sven
Published: June 2022

Wandelbare Überdachungen und Fassaden eröffnen Bauherren und Betreibern völlig neue Nutzungsmöglichkeiten ihrer Immobilie. Durch den Einsatz hochfester Baumaterialien in Kombination mit sinnvollen und optimierten Tragsystemen lassen sich wandelbare Strukturen auch optimal in Bestandsgebäude integrieren. Die konsequente Anwendung des Strukturleichtbaus reduziert die zusätzlichen Lasten auf das Bestandstragwerk auf ein Minimum, gleichzeitig kann die Antriebstechnik der verfahrbaren Elemente vereinfacht werden. Neben seinen rein wirtschaftlichen Vorteilen zeichnet sich der optimierte Strukturleichtbau ebenso durch einen minimalen CO2‐Verbrauch in der Herstellung und im Betrieb eines wandelbaren Dachs aus. Im Frühjahr 2022 wurde ein neues adaptives Dach über dem Arkadenhof des Weinschlosses Thaller in der Steiermark errichtet. Das faltbare Dach mit einem Flächengewicht von nur 43 kg/m2 erlaubt dem Betreiber eine wetterunabhängige Nutzung des Arkadenhofs. Das Tragkonzept des 350 m2 großen verfahrbaren Dachs beruht auf dem Faltwerksprinzip und erlaubt einen einfachen und effizienten Antrieb. Die Kombination einer transparenten ETFE und einer transluzenten textilen Membraneindeckung garantiert tagsüber selbst bei geschlossenem Dach eine ausreichende natürliche Belichtung des Arkadenhofs. Nachts sorgt die farbige Beleuchtung der transluzenten Dachfläche für unterschiedliche Atmosphären.
Evaluating the influence of fly ash and waste glass on the characteristics of coconut fibers reinforced concrete
Authors: Aslam Fahid , Zaid Osama , Althoey Fadi , Alyami Saleh H. , Qaidi Shaker M. A. , de Prado Gil Jesús , Martínez‐García Rebeca
Published: June 2022

The disposal of waste from coal plants and waste glass (WG) is causing significant environmental problems all around the planet. Currently, the amount of discarding of these wastes is increased. One possible option is to utilize fly ash (FA) from coal plants as a partial substitute for the cement and EG as a fractional substitute for sand in concrete, respectively. Besides, fibers can improve the strength and durability of concrete; explicitly speaking, using coconut fibers (CFs) is in trend due to their highest toughness among natural fibers making it suitable material as fiber reinforcement in concrete. This research studies the concrete behavior with 15% FA as a partial substitute of cement with 2% CFs and waste beverage glass as sand at various replacement levels (14%, 15%, 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, and 20%). Mechanical and durability characteristics of concrete were assessed, such as compression strength, water absorption, flexural strength, density, workability, and water absorption. The current study results show that adding FA, CFs, and WG improved microstructure quality at 16% replacement of sand. The study showed that the M4 mix has enhanced the properties of concrete samples as compressive and flexural strength was improved to 47.2 and 6.2 MPa and improved apparent density by 20%. Adding more WGP than the optimal proportion (16%) led to detrimental effects on void ratio, permeability, and water absorption. Therefore, 16% of sand with WG and 15% of FA with cement can be substituted with 2% CFs to develop sustainable concrete.
Tools and targets: The dual role of plant viruses in CRISPR–Cas genome editing
Authors: Uranga Mireia , Daròs José‐Antonio
Published: June 2022

The recent emergence of tools based on the clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR‐associated (Cas) proteins have revolutionized targeted genome editing, thus holding great promise to both basic plant science and precision crop breeding. Conventional approaches for the delivery of editing components rely on transformation technologies or transient delivery to protoplasts, both of which are time‐consuming, laborious, and can raise legal concerns. Alternatively, plant RNA viruses can be used as transient delivery vectors of CRISPR–Cas reaction components, following the so‐called virus‐induced genome editing (VIGE). During the last years, researchers have been able to engineer viral vectors for the delivery of CRISPR guide RNAs and Cas nucleases. Considering that each viral vector is limited to its molecular biology properties and a specific host range, here we review recent advances for improving the VIGE toolbox with a special focus on strategies to achieve tissue‐culture‐free editing in plants. We also explore the utility of CRISPR–Cas technology to enhance biotic resistance with a special focus on plant virus diseases. This can be achieved by either targeting the viral genome or modifying essential host susceptibility genes that mediate in the infection process. Finally, we discuss the challenges and potential that VIGE holds in future breeding technologies.
A Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Techniques for IoT Intrusion Detection
Authors: Vitorino João , Andrade Rui , Praça Isabel , Sousa Orlando , Maia Eva
Published: June 2022

The digital transformation faces tremendous security challenges. In particular, the growing number of cyber-attacks targeting Internet of Things (IoT) systems restates the need for a reliable detection of malicious network activity. This paper presents a comparative analysis of supervised, unsupervised and reinforcement learning techniques on nine malware captures of the IoT-23 dataset, considering both binary and multi-class classification scenarios. The developed models consisted of Support Vector Machine (SVM), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM), Isolation Forest (iForest), Local Outlier Factor (LOF) and a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model based on a Double Deep Q-Network (DDQIN), adapted to the intrusion detection context. The most reliable performance was achieved by LightGBM. Nonetheless, iForest displayed good anomaly detection results and the DRL model demonstrated the possible benefits of employing this methodology to continuously improve the detection. Overall, the obtained results indicate that the analyzed techniques are well suited for IoT intrusion detection.
Quasinormal modes of black holes with multiple photon spheres
Authors: Guo Guangzhou , Wang Peng , Wu Houwen , Yang Haitang
Published: June 2022

Abstract

For a static and spherically symmetric black hole, a photon sphere is composed of circular null geodesics of fixed radius, and plays an important role in observing the black hole. Recently, in an Einstein-Maxwell-scalar model with a non-minimal coupling between the scalar and electromagnetic fields, a class of hairy black holes has been found to possess two unstable and one stable circular null geodesics on the equatorial plane, corresponding to three photon spheres outside the event horizon. In this paper, we study quasinormal modes of the scalar field, which are associated with these circular null geodesics, in the hairy black hole spacetime. In the eikonal regime with l ≫ 1, the real part of the quasinormal modes is determined by the angular velocity of the corresponding circular geodesics. The imaginary part of the quasinormal modes associated with the unstable circular null geodesics encodes the information about the Lyapunov exponent of the corresponding circular geodesics. Interestingly, we find long-lived and sub-long-lived modes, which are associated with the stable and one of the unstable circular null geodesics, respectively. Due to tunneling through potential barriers, the damping times of the long-lived and sub-long-lived modes can be exponentially and logarithmically large in terms of l, respectively.
Higher-order EW corrections in ZZ and ZZj production at the LHC
Authors: Bothmann Enrico , Napoletano Davide , Schönherr Marek , Schumann Steffen , Villani Simon Luca
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We consider the production of a pair of Z bosons at the LHC and study the inclusion of EW corrections in theoretical predictions at fixed order and based on multijet-merged parton-shower simulations. To this end we present exact NLO EW results for pp → e+e−μ+μ−, and, for the first time, for pp → e+e−μ+μ−j, and compare them to the EW virtual and NLL Sudakov approximation. We then match the exact NLO EW result to the resummed Sudakov logarithms to achieve an improved $$ \mathrm{NLO}\ \mathrm{EW}+\mathrm{NLL}\ {\mathrm{EW}}_{\mathrm{sud}}^{\mathrm{exp}} $$
NLO

EW
+
NLL

EW
sud
exp

result.

Further, we discuss the inclusion of the above EW corrections in MePs@Nlo event simulations in the framework of the Sherpa event generator. We present detailed phenomenological predictions for inclusive ZZ and ZZj production taking into account the dominant EW corrections through the EW virtual approximation, as well as through (exponentiated) EW Sudakov logarithms.
CKM substructure from the weak to the Planck scale
Authors: Grossman Yuval , Ismail Ameen , Ruderman Joshua T. , Tsai Tien-Hsueh
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We look for relations among CKM matrix elements that are not consequences of the Wolfenstein parametrization. In particular, we search for products of CKM elements raised to integer powers that approximately equal 1. We study the running of the CKM matrix elements and resolve an apparent discrepancy in the literature. To a good approximation only A runs, among the Wolfenstein parameters. Using the Standard Model renormalization group we look for CKM relations at energy scales ranging from the electroweak scale to the Planck scale, and we find 19 such relations. These relations could point to structure in the UV, or be numerical accidents. For example, we find that |VtdVus| = |$$ {V}_{cb}^2 $$

V
cb
2

|, within 2% accuracy, in the 109–1015 GeV range. We discuss the implications of this CKM relation for a Yukawa texture in the UV.
Generating enhanced primordial GWs during inflation with intermittent violation of NEC and diminishment of GW propagating speed
Authors: Cai Yong , Piao Yun-Song
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We investigate both the null energy condition (NEC) violating scenario and the cT-diminishing scenario for generating enhanced power spectrum of primordial gravitational waves (GWs) during inflation, where cT is the propagating speed of primordial GWs. Both of these two scenarios can be realized stably with theories beyond Horndeski, hence can be uniformly implemented within the framework of the effective field theory. We calculate the power spectrum of primordial GWs by assuming that the inflationary Universe undergoes three phases, where the violation of NEC or the diminishment of cT occurs in the intermediate phase. A template of the spectrum is given for the NEC-violating scenario. We also discuss the underlying relation and discrepancy between these two scenarios with a disformal transformation.
Shape deformations of charged Rényi entropies from holography
Authors: Baiguera Stefano , Bianchi Lorenzo , Chapman Shira , Galante Damián A.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

Charged and symmetry-resolved Rényi entropies are entanglement measures quantifying the degree of entanglement within different charge sectors of a theory with a conserved global charge. We use holography to determine the dependence of charged Rényi entropies on small shape deformations away from a spherical or planar entangling surface in general dimensions. This dependence is completely characterized by a single coefficient appearing in the two point function of the displacement operator associated with the Rényi defect. We extract this coefficient using its relation to the one point function of the stress tensor in the presence of a deformed entangling surface. This is mapped to a holographic calculation in the background of a deformed charged black hole with hyperbolic horizon. We obtain numerical solutions for different values of the chemical potential and replica number n in various spacetime dimensions, as well as analytic expressions for small chemical potential near n = 1. When the Rényi defect becomes supersymmetric, we demonstrate a conjectured relation between the two point function of the displacement operator and the conformal weight of the twist operator.
Correlation functions of determinant operators in conformal fishnet theory
Authors: Shahpo Omar , Vescovi Edoardo
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We consider scalar local operators of the determinant type in the conformal “fishnet” theory that arises as a limit of gamma-deformed $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super Yang-Mills theory. We generalise a field-theory approach to expand their correlation functions to arbitrary order in the small coupling constants and apply it to the bi-scalar reduction of the model. We explicitly analyse the two-point functions of determinants, as well as of certain deformations with the insertion of scalar fields, and describe the Feynman-graph structure of three- and four-point correlators with single-trace operators. These display the topology of globe and spiral graphs, which are known to renormalise single-trace operators, but with “alternating” boundary conditions. In the appendix material we further investigate a four-point function of two determinants and the shortest bi-local single trace. We resum the diagrams by the Bethe-Salpeter method and comment on the exchanged OPE states.
A scaling limit for line and surface defects
Authors: Rodriguez-Gomez D.
Published: June 2022

Abstract

We study symmetry-breaking line defects in the Wilson-Fisher theory with O(2N + 1) global symmetry near four dimensions and symmetry-preserving surface defects in a cubic model with O(2N) global symmetry near six dimensions. We introduce a scaling limit inspired by the large charge expansion in Conformal Field Theory. Using this, we compute the beta function for the defect coupling which allows to identify the corresponding Defect Conformal Field Theories. We also compute the correlation function of two parallel defects as well as correlation functions of certain defect operators with large charge under the surviving symmetry.
An oral WT1 protein vaccine composed of WT1-anchored, genetically engineered Bifidobacterium longum allows for intestinal immunity in mice with acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Nakagawa Natsuki , Hashii Yoshiko , Kayama Hisako , Okumura Ryu , Nakajima Hiroko , Minagawa Hikaru , Morimoto Soyoko , Fujiki Fumihiro , Nakata Jun , Shirakawa Toshiro , Katayama Takane , Takeda Kiyoshi , Tsuboi Akihiro , Ozono Keiichi
Published: June 2022

Wilms’ tumor 1 (WT1) is a promising tumor-associated antigen for cancer immunotherapy. We developed an oral protein vaccine platform composed of WT1-anchored, genetically engineered Bifidobacterium longum (B. longum) and conducted an in vivo study in mice to examine its anticancer activity. Mice were orally treated with phosphate-buffered saline, wild-type B. longum105-A, B. longum 2012 displaying only galacto-N-biose/lacto-N-biose I-binding protein (GLBP), and WT1 protein- and GLBP-expressing B. longum 420. Tumor size reduced significantly in the B. longum 420 group than in the B. longum 105-A and 2012 groups (P < 0.00 l each), indicating B. longum 420’s antitumor activity via WT1-specific immune responses. CD8+ T cells played a major role in the antitumor activity of B. longum 420. The proportion of CD103+CD11b+CD11c+ dendritic cells (DCs) increased in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) from mice in the B. longum 420 group, indicating the definite activation of DCs. In the PPs, the number and proportion of CD8+ T cells capable of producing interferon-gamma were significantly greater in the B. longum 420 group than in the B. longum 2012 group (P < 0.05 or < 0.01). The production of WT1-specific IgG antibody was significantly higher in the B. longum 420 group than in the 2012 group (P < 0.05). The B. longum 420 group showed the most intense intratumoral infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells primed by activated DCs in the PPs of mice in the B. longum 420 group. Our findings provide insights into a novel, intestinal bacterium-based, cancer immunotherapy through intestinal immunity.
Physiological and Molecular Background of Maize Cold-Tolerance Enhancement with S-methylmethionine Salicylate
Authors: Balassa György , Oláh Csilla , Balassa Kinga , Rácz Ilona , Kátay György , Kalapos Balázs , Boldizsár Imre , Sárvári Éva , Solti Ádám , Pál Magda , Janda Tibor , Rudnóy Szabolcs
Published: June 2022

Low temperature is amongst the most influential abiotic stress factors, having deep impact on plant growth, yield and productivity. Studies on beneficial effects of certain biologically active substances, S-methylmethionine (SMM) and salicylic acid (SA) have provided a lot of valuable information regarding their role to counteract harmful effects of environmental stresses such as chilling. To obtain a more complex and stable defence compound with an extended range of stress-protective effect, the new derivative S-methylmethionine salicylate (MMS) was synthesised from the natural, biologically active substances SMM and SA. Since both original materials have complex stress-protective roles, the new compound was expected to combine the effects of original substances and to stabilise the unstable SMM in the new compound, thus providing an extended stress tolerance. Photosynthetic efficiency and accumulation of stress-related metabolites (polyamines and flavonoids) were measured in chilled and control plants, with and without MMS pretreatment, and expression changes of several genes involved in the cold stress response were analysed by quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) and a detailed microarray study. Our data show how the MMS combines the effect of SMM and SA on molecular level, causing numerous changes in the gene expression pattern and metabolite content. MMS gives rise to a better physiological condition, thus it could provide an alternative, environmental friendly way to enhance the plants defence mechanisms against stressors. As MMS is more stable than SMM, it promises easier, more long-lasting and more cost-effective usage in agriculture, with a complementing effect of SA.
Causes of extreme 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall: a study of combined effect of Indian Ocean and Arctic
Authors: Chen Xiaodan , Wen Zhiping , Song Yuanyuan , Guo Yuanyuan
Published: June 2022

A record-breaking Meiyu-Baiu rainfall hit East Asia in June–July 2020. The warm Indian Ocean (IO) has been identified as a primary cause, but it cannot explain the heavy rainfall in July, a striking characteristic of the 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall. A remarkable retreat of Arctic sea ice in the late spring and early summer of 2020 also promoted Meiyu-Baiu rainfall by favoring North Asian blockings and cold air outbreaks. However, its importance compared with IO warming is unclear. Our result shows that the abundant moisture supply to the 2020 Meiyu-Baiu rainfall mainly stems from anomalous meridional wind convergence, while the excessive ascending motions are due to warm advection tied to enhanced mid-troposphere westerlies. AGCM experiments are used to examine the relative importance of IO warming and Arctic sea ice anomalies. In June, IO warming is responsible for the atmospheric circulation anomalies around the Meiyu-Baiu region and accounts for ~ 75% of the Meiyu-Baiu rainfall anomalies, despite the Arctic sea-ice loss explaining most circulation anomalies over Eurasian high latitudes. In July, both IO warming and Arctic sea-ice loss are necessary for meridional convergence, enhanced westerlies, and thus the heavy rainfall over the Meiyu-Baiu region. Their effects are interdependent rather than additive. Strong IO warming is rarely observed alongside severe Arctic sea-ice loss before 2020 because of their discordant interannual variations. In the future, the combined effects of IO warming and Arctic sea-ice loss on the Meiyu-Baiu rainfall may become more pronounced as their long-term trends continue.
Child type 1 diabetes associated with mother vaginal bacteriome and mycobiome
Authors: Ruotsalainen A. L. , Tejesvi M. V. , Vänni P. , Suokas M. , Tossavainen P. , Pirttilä A. M. , Talvensaari-Mattila A. , Nissi R.
Published: June 2022

Mother vaginal microbes contribute to microbiome of vaginally delivered neonates. Child microbiome can be associated with autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). We collected vaginal DNA samples from 25 mothers with a vaginally delivered child diagnosed with T1D and samples from 24 control mothers who had vaginally delivered a healthy child and analyzed bacteriome and mycobiome of the samples. The total DNA of the samples was extracted, and ribosomal DNA regions (16S for bacteria, ITS2 for fungi) were amplified, followed by next-generation sequencing and machine learning. We found that alpha-diversity of bacteriome was increased (P < 0.002), whereas alpha-diversity of mycobiome was decreased (P < 0.001) in mothers with a diabetic child compared to the control mothers. Beta-diversity analysis suggested differences in mycobiomes between the mother groups (P = 0.001). Random forest models were able to effectively predict diabetes and control status of unknown samples (bacteria: 0.86 AUC, fungi: 0.96 AUC). Our data indicate several fungal genera and bacterial metabolic pathways of mother vaginal microbiome to be associated with child T1D. We suggest that early onset of T1D in a child has a relationship with altered mother vaginal microbiome and that both bacteriome and mycobiome contribute to this shift.
Surgical management of laryngeal bilateral abductor palsy: comparative study between carbon dioxide and diode lasers
Authors: El-Sobki Ahmed , El-Deeb Mohamed E. , El-Kholy Noha Ahmed , Habaza Fedaey R. , Shawky Mahmoud Ahmed , Alsobky Mahmoud Elsaid Ibrahim
Published: June 2022

This study aims to compare the results of both CO2 laser and diode laser combined arytenoidectomy with posterior cordectomy in managing patients with bilateral vocal fold paralysis. A prospective study involved 80 bilateral vocal cord immobility patients in adduction. They are divided into two groups according to the laser used, whether CO2 (with a wavelength of 10.6 µm) or diode (with a wavelength of 980 nm). We used mMRC (Modified Medical Research Council) dyspnea scale to assess dyspnea in our patients, while the voice was evaluated by both maximum phonation time and the voice handicap index. Quantitative variables were described using means and standard deviations, while categorical variables were described using frequencies and were compared using the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, and Monte Carlo test. There was a statistically non-significant difference between the studied groups regarding mMRC dyspnea scale and Voice Handicap Index preoperatively and postoperatively. There is a statistically significant difference between the two groups regarding maximum phonation time postoperatively (significantly higher in the CO2 laser group) (p < 0.001). The CO2 laser and diode laser could be used safely for the management of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. The CO2 laser maintains better voice parameters and less postoperative pain, while the diode laser gives less operative time, lower cost, and simplicity of use.
Improving the approximation ratio for capacitated vehicle routing
Authors: Blauth Jannis , Traub Vera , Vygen Jens
Published: June 2022

We devise a new approximation algorithm for capacitated vehicle routing. Our algorithm yields a better approximation ratio for general capacitated vehicle routing as well as for the unit-demand case and the splittable variant. Our results hold in arbitrary metric spaces. This is the first improvement upon the classical tour partitioning algorithm by Haimovich and Rinnooy Kan (Math Oper Res 10:527–542, 1985) and Altinkemer and Gavish (Oper Res Lett 6:149–158, 1987).
Two-player quantum games: When player strategies are via directional choices
Authors: Iqbal Azhar , Abbott Derek
Published: June 2022

We propose a scheme for a quantum game based on performing an EPR-type experiment and in which each player’s spatial directional choices are considered as their strategies. A classical mixed-strategy game is recovered by restricting the players’ choices to specific spatial trajectories. We show that for players’ directional choices for which the Bell-CHSH inequality is violated, the players’ payoffs in the quantum game have no mapping within the classical mixed-strategy game. The scheme provides a more direct link between classical and quantum games.
Yolov3-Pruning(transfer): real-time object detection algorithm based on transfer learning
Authors: Li Xiaoning , Wang Zhengzhong , Geng Shichao , Wang Lin , Zhang Huaxiang , Liu Li , Li Donghua
Published: June 2022

In recent years, object detection algorithms have achieved great success in the field of machine vision. To pursue the detection accuracy of the model, the scale of the network is constantly increasing, which leads to the continuous increase in computational cost and a large requirement for memory. The larger network scale allows their execution to take a longer time, facing the balance between the detection accuracy and the speed of execution. Therefore, the developed algorithm is not suitable for real-time applications. To improve the detection performance of small targets, we propose a new method, the real-time object detection algorithm based on transfer learning. Based on the baseline Yolov3 model, pruning is done to reduce the scale of the model, and then migration learning is used to ensure the detection accuracy of the model. The object detection method using transfer learning achieves a good balance between detection accuracy and inference speed and is more conducive to the real-time processing of images. Through the evaluation of the dataset voc2007 + 2012, the experimental results show that the parameters of the Yolov3-Pruning(transfer): model are reduced by 3X compared with the baseline Yolov3 model, and the detection accuracy is improved, realizes real-time processing, and improves the detection accuracy.
Thermal process monitoring and control for a near-net-shape Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Baier Daniel , Wolf Franz , Weckenmann Tobias , Lehmann Maja , Zaeh Michael F.
Published: June 2022

Wire and Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) is a promising technology for the fabrication of large metal parts. During the process, the wire electrode is melted continuously or in a pulsating mode and deposited layer-by-layer onto a substrate. Due to the recurring energy input into the part during WAAM, adequate thermal management is crucial. The temperature distribution, especially the interlayer temperature in the part, is determined by the parameter settings as well as by the dwell times and can be monitored. This paper presents the cause-effect relationships between the interlayer temperature and the dwell times to enable a suitable temperature management. Thermal imaging was implemented during the manufacturing process, allowing the analysis of different interlayer dwell times and their effect on the interlayer temperatures. In addition, the influence of the temperature management on the geometric quality characteristics of the part was investigated. It was observed that a constant interlayer dwell time led to geometric irregularities in the part height and width. Monitoring the interlayer temperature is crucial in WAAM in order to maintain a constant temperature level along multiple layers for meeting the requirements for the geometry of the part and enabling near-net-shape manufacturing.
Review: Precision Medicine Approaches for Genetic Cardiomyopathy: Targeting Phospholamban R14del
Authors: Deiman Frederik E. , Bomer Nils , van der Meer Peter , Grote Beverborg Niels
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

Heart failure is a syndrome with poor prognosis and no curative options for the majority of patients. The standard one-size-fits-all-treatment approach, targeting neurohormonal dysregulations, helps to modulate symptoms of heart failure, but fails to address the cause of the problem. Precision medicine aims to go beyond symptom modulation and targets pathophysiological mechanisms that underlie disease. In this review, an overview of how precision medicine can be approached as a treatment strategy for genetic heart disease will be discussed. PLN R14del, a genetic mutation known to cause cardiomyopathy, will be used as an example to describe the potential and pitfalls of precision medicine.

Recent Findings

PLN R14del is characterized by several disease hallmarks including calcium dysregulation, metabolic dysfunction, and protein aggregation. The identification of disease-related biological pathways and the effective targeting using several modalities, including gene silencing and signal transduction modulation, may eventually provide novel treatments for genetic heart disease.

We propose a workflow on how to approach precision medicine in heart disease. This workflow focuses on deep phenotyping of patient derived material, including in vitro disease modeling. This will allow identification of therapeutic targets and disease modifiers, to be used for the identification of novel biomarkers and the development of precision medicine approaches for genetic cardiomyopathies.
Running with Scissors: a Systematic Review of Substance Use and the Pre-exposure Prophylaxis Care Continuum Among Sexual Minority Men
Authors: Viamonte Michael , Ghanooni Delaram , Reynolds John M. , Grov Christian , Carrico Adam W.
Published: June 2022

Purpose of Review

Patterns of sexualized drug use, including stimulants (e.g., methamphetamine) and chemsex drugs, are key drivers of HIV incidence among sexual minority men (SMM). Although pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) mitigates HIV risk, there is no consensus regarding the associations of substance use with the PrEP care continuum.

Recent Findings

SMM who use substances are as likely or more likely to use PrEP. Although SMM who use stimulants experience greater difficulties with daily oral PrEP adherence, some evidence shows that SMM who use stimulants or chemsex drugs may achieve better adherence in the context of recent condomless anal sex. Finally, SMM who use substances may experience greater difficulties with PrEP persistence (including retention in PrEP care).

SMM who use stimulants and other substances would benefit from more comprehensive efforts to support PrEP re-uptake, adherence, and persistence, including delivering behavioral interventions, considering event-based dosing, and providing injectable PrEP.
Sex Work Policy Worldwide: A Scoping Review
Authors: Karlsson Henrik
Published: June 2022

Researchers have conducted a lot of research into policies regulating commercial sex. This study is a scoping review aiming to characterize the research field as well as finding research gaps and suggest directions for future research. Nine electronic databases and a key journal (Sexuality Research and Social Policy) were searched using Boolean operators to identify studies containing “prostitution AND policy” or “sex work AND policy” in the title and/or abstract. A total of 3663 studies were identified, and of them, 351 were deemed eligible after duplicates were removed and the title and abstract had been assessed according to the study’s inclusion criteria. The studies on sex work policy were often conducted in English-speaking countries, the majority of which were about streetwalkers, criminalization of sex work, and trafficking policies. Interestingly, few empirical studies were conducted and stigmatization was frequently mentioned. There is an unmet need for studies addressing the lived experiences of sex workers under the Swedish Model, as well as studies about migrant sex workers and studies from Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Researchers should direct additional efforts into understanding the lived experiences of sex workers under the Swedish Model as well as into studies covering Africa, Asia, and Latin America.
Challenges in detecting proximal effects of existential threat on lie detection accuracy
Authors: Schindler Simon , Reinhardt Nina , Reinhard Marc-André
Published: June 2022

The present work documents our investigation of proximal (i.e., immediate) effects of existential threat on the process of lie detection. Specifically, we hypothesized that lie detection accuracy will be higher in a mortality salience (MS) condition compared with the control condition. In two lab-based studies (N = 120; N = 109) and one internet study (N = 1294), we did not find any evidence for this hypothesis, that is, MS effects on lie detection accuracy were constantly not significant. However, these null findings should not be overstated. Instead, the present contribution aims to reveal the theoretical and methodological challenges in properly testing proximal MS effects on lie detection accuracy. First, we make transparent that our theoretical assumptions regarding the underlying mechanisms changed during the research process from MS-induced vigilance (Studies 1 and 2) to MS-induced negative affect (Study 3) and remain speculative. Moreover, we show how and why we adapted the operationalization from study to study to optimize adequate testing of the idea. In sum, this work aims to be informative for conducting future research rather than to provide conclusive evidence against or in favor of the investigated idea.
Arsenic removal using calcium hydroxyapatite synthesized from paper mill sludge
Authors: Keerthana Devi P. , Geethakarthi A.
Published: June 2022

Calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca-HAp) was synthesized from calcium carbonate (CaCO3) extracted from a paper mill sludge. The extraction of CaCO3 was carried out by chemical precipitation process and synthesized to HAp nanoparticle under appropriate stoichiometric condition through wet chemical precipitation process. The size of the HAp nanoparticle was 42.5 nm under an optimized aging period of 24 h. This work aims in the batch adsorption of arsenic, an anionic metal arsenic in the form of Arsenite: As(III) on the synthesized Ca-HAp in laboratory scale. Batch kinetics studies were conducted for varying operational parameters such as temperature, initial adsorbate concentration, dye solution pH and rotation speed (RPM). In comparison with the two suggested isotherm models, Langmuir isotherm was suited to this adsorption process with a correlation coefficient of 0.92 and isotherm constant as 1.18 (KL). Chemisorption was found to be the rate-limiting mechanism for the sorption of arsenite onto Ca-HAp and thus followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. A maximum monolayer adsorption of 0.43 mg/g of arsenic was obtained at an equilibrium time of 60 min with 93% to 94.2% removal efficiency.
Can sampling techniques improve the performance of decomposition-based hydrological prediction models? Exploration of some comparative experiments
Authors: He Miao , Wu Shao-fei , Kang Chuan-xiong , Xu Xian , Liu Xiao-feng , Tang Ming , Huang Bin-bin
Published: June 2022

The development of sequence decomposition techniques in recent years has facilitated the wide use of decomposition-based prediction models in hydrological forecasting. However, decomposition-based prediction models usually use the overall decomposition (OD) sampling technique to extract samples. Some studies have shown that the OD sampling technique causes abnormally “high” performance of models owing to the utilization of future information, and this technique cannot be applied in practice. Several researchers have also proposed novel sampling techniques, such as semi-stepwise decomposition (SSD), fully stepwise decomposition (FSD), and single-model SSD (SMSSD). Moreover, an improved single-model FSD (SMFSD) sampling technique is proposed in this study. Four decomposition methods, namely discrete wavelet transform (DWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and variational mode decomposition (VMD), are introduced in this study. A systematic investigation of the models developed using OD sampling techniques is conducted, and the applicability of SSD, FSD, SMSSD, and SMFSD sampling techniques is reasonably evaluated. The application of monthly runoff prediction using the five sampling techniques and four decomposition methods at five representative hydrological stations in Poyang Lake, China, shows that (1) EMD and CEEMDAN (including the improved EMD-based adaptive decomposition method) cannot be used to construct stepwise decomposition prediction models because the implementation of the stepwise decomposition strategy leads to a variable number of sub-series. (2) OD sampling techniques cannot develop convincing models for practical prediction because future information is introduced into the samples for model training. (3) Models developed based on SSD and SMSSD sampling techniques do not use future information in the training process, but suffer from severe overfitting and inferior prediction performance. (4) Models developed based on FSD and SMFSD sampling techniques can produce convincing prediction results, and the combination of the proposed SMFSD sampling technique and VMD develops prediction models with superior performance and significantly enhances the efficiency of the models.
Estimating discharge coefficient of side weirs in trapezoidal and rectangular flumes using outlier robust extreme learning machine
Authors: Razmi Mohammadmehdi , Saneie Mojtaba , Basirat Shamsa
Published: June 2022

Using the outlier robust extreme learning machine (ORELM) method, the discharge coefficient of side weirs placed on rectangular and trapezoidal canals was simulated for the first time in this study. The parameters governing the discharge coefficient of side weirs including Froude number (Fr), the ratio of the weir length to the main channel length (L/b), the ratio of the flow depth at the upstream of the side weir to the main channel width (y1/b) and the ratio of the crest height of the side weir to the flow depth at the upstream of the side weir (W/y1), the ratio of the weir length to the main channel width (L/y1), and the side wall slope parameter (m) were initially detected. Using the parameters governing, eight different input combinations were defined. By randomly selection approach, 65% of the data were considered to train the ORELM models and the rest of samples were applied to test them. The correlation coefficient, Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient, and Scatter Index for this model were calculated to be 0.937, 0.869 and 0.092, respectively. The results of sensitivity analysis indicated the ORELM model was more sensitive to the W/y1 and L/b than Fr and y1/b. The results of the ORELM model were also compared with the support vector machine optimized with genetic algorithm (SVM-GA) and extreme learning machine (ELM)) and four multiple linear regression models, with a better performance of the ORELM model. The ORELM models demonstrated a higher precision and correlation with experimental values.
Investigation of meteorological variables on runoff archetypal using SWAT: basic concepts and fundamentals
Authors: Ostad-Ali-Askari Kaveh
Published: June 2022

Hydro-climatic excesses, for example humid and overflows, have most probable enlarged owing to climatically alteration and could due to simple effects on socio-financial, organizational and ecological areas. It was premeditated greatest hydraulic plans, for example barricades, it was distinct the excess of the streams. If the stream presences any situation to quantity the profit, the hydraulic mockups can be used to guesstimate it. SWAT is widely-used high-tech mockups. This investigation contemplates the understanding of the excess approximation for streams, by the SWAT prototypical; depend on changes in such meteorological parameters as rainfall, cosmological energy, airstream, moisture and temperature. The gained significances require that by 30.46% decay in the normal scheduled rainfall, brightness, qualified moisture, airstream and temperature, it was usual ermined 64.73% decay, 115.14% rise, 45.99% decrease, 126.58% rise and 40.15% rise in exhibited excess, independently. The wind speed and the solar energy are the most sensitive and temperature is the smallest penetrating parameters in the overflow approximation. These consequences signify “acceptable” and “very good” performances for discharge. While there is still some quantity of ambiguity, the practice of balancing information, for example soil dampness, to adjust and confirm the SWAT model package prototypical is beneficial, particularly when discharge information is infrequent, as for some watersheds in the humid region. Evaluation of the water usage efficacy is the important to efficiently accomplish agronomic water resource.
Seismic interpretation and hydrocarbon assessment of the post-rift Cenomanian Bahariya reservoir, Beni Suef Basin, Egypt
Authors: Shehata Amer A. , Sarhan Mohammad A.
Published: June 2022

The geophysical interpretations for a collection of high-quality 2D seismic data plus well logging data for six drilled wells exposed the structural controls and the hydrocarbon potentiality of the Beni Suef Basin, north Western Desert, Egypt. The created structural map on the top of the Early Cenomanian Bahariya Formation (the significant oil reserve in north Western Desert), exhibits a series of NW–SE normal faults as well as a master ENE strike-slip major fault. The extensional faults formed horst structures while the strike-slip fault created a negative flower structure in the central part of the study area. These structural features represent the main petroleum traps within Beni Suef Basin. The reservoir quality was assessed through the petrophysical analysis of the Bahariya Formation in wells; Azhar A2, Azhar E-2X, Azhar E3, Yusif-4X, Fayoum-2X and Beni Suef W-1X. This analysis proved that the Lower Bahariya unit has better reservoir quality than the Upper Bahariya reservoir, with shale volume less than 10%; effective porosity between 10 and 20%, water saturation between 25 and 75% and total pay thickness between 11 and 88 ft. The obtained results encourage drilling more exploratory wells in Beni Suef Basin to enhance the productivity from the sandstones of the Lower Bahariya reservoir.
Remdesivir-induced bradycardia in a 26-year-old patient with COVID-19: a case report
Authors: Guziejko Katarzyna , Talalaj Jaroslaw , Chorazy Monika , Groth Monika , Moniuszko-Malinowska Anna
Published: June 2022

Purpose

Remdesivir is the first line hospital treatment of the SARS-CoV-2 infection. Despite its widespread use during COVID-19 pandemic, a limited number of data, also conflicting, are available about the frequency of cardiological side-effects. Additionally, identification of patients who belong to the risk groups for cardiovascular complications of antiviral treatment is difficult.

Case description

Case description We present a case of a 26 year old patient, a soldier with COVID-19 and no comorbidities, who developed marked sinus bradycardia during remdesivir therapy. The bradycardia resolved few days after the end of antiviral treatment.

Conclusion

Our case emphasizes the key importance of the correct monitoring of patients receiving remdesivir, even those who do not have pre-existing heart conditions.
“The Disease Awareness Innovation Network” for chronic kidney disease identification in general practice
Authors: Pesce Francesco , Pasculli Domenico , Pasculli Giuseppe , De Nicola Luca , Cozzolino Mario , Granata Antonio , Gesualdo Loreto
Published: June 2022

Background

The “awareness gap” and the under-recognition of chronic kidney disease (CKD) by general practitioners (GPs) is well documented. We set a framework to evaluate the impact in primary care of targeted training and networking with nephrologists with regard to CKD awareness in terms of potential increase of the proportion of patients classified according to KDIGO in the general population and in patients with diabetes, hypertension and heart failure.

Methods

Data were extracted from the Millewin Digital Platform in use by the GPs (N = 17) at baseline (T0, N = 17,854) and after 6 months (T6, N = 18,662) of networking (education, instant messaging and selected joint visits) with nephrologists (N = 2). The following variables were extracted: age, sex, eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate), ACR (urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio), presence of type 2 diabetes, hypertension and heart failure. The proportion of patients detected having an eGFR below 60 mL/min/1.73m2 was also reported as deemed clinically relevant.

Results

We observed an increase in the use of ACR and eGFR tests in the entire cohort (+ 121% and + 73%, respectively) and in patients with comorbidities. The proportion of patients with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 significantly increased from 2.2% to 3.8% in the entire cohort,  from 6.3% to 12.7% in patients with diabetes, and from 5.6% to 9.9% in those with hypertension and finally from 10.8% to 23.7% in patients with heart failure.

Conclusions

Training and network support to GPs by nephrologists can improve CKD awareness and increase its identification in the general population and, even more, in categories at risk.

Graphical abstract