bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MODELING OF DISPLACEMENT PROCESSES IN HETEROGENEOUS ANISOTROPIC GAS RESERVOIRS
Authors: Lubkov M. , Zaharchuk O.
Published: July 2021

Nowadays there are important problems of increasing efficiency of development and exploitation of gas deposits. There are problems associated with the growth of gas production in heterogeneous anisotropic reservoirs, increasing gas recovery, achieving economic efficiency and so on. In this situation, there are popular methods of computer modeling of gas productive reservoirs, because they allow getting information of the structure and characteristics of the gas reservoir, the distribution parameters of permeability and other important factors in it. They also allow evaluating and calculating uncertainty arising from the lack of information about the gas reservoir properties outside the well. Currently there are many methods of computer modeling, allowing solving various practical problems. From another hand there are some problems related to the accuracy and adequacy of simulation of heterogeneous anisotropic permeable collector systems in real conditions of gas deposits exploitation. On the base of combined finite-element-difference method for solving the nonstationary anisotropic piezoconductivity Lebenson problem, with calculating of heterogeneous distribution of permeable characteristics of the gas reservoir, we carried out modeling of filtration processes between production and injection wells. The results of computer modeling show that intensity of the filtration process between production and injection wells depends essentially on their location both in a shifting-isotropic and anisotropic gas reservoir. Therefore, for the effective using of poorly permeable shifting-isotropic gas-bearing reservoirs, it is necessary to place production and injection wells along the main anisotropy axes of the gas-bearing layers. At the placing production and injection well systems in low-permeable anisotropic reservoirs of a gas field, the most effective exchange between them will take place when the direction of increased permeability of the reservoirs coincides with the direction of the location of the wells. Obviously, the best conditions for gas production processes in any practical case can be achieved due to optimal selection of all anisotropic filtration parameters of the gas reservoir. One can use obtained results for practical geophysical works with a purpose optimizing of gas production activity in low-permeable heterogeneous anisotropic reservoirs. Presented method for more detailed investigation of low-permeable heterogeneous anisotropic gas-bearing deposits can be used.
ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR IN AZERBAIJAN: THE CASE OF ASAN SERVICE
Authors: Zeynalov Anar
Published: July 2021

ASAN Service – An affiliation of the State Agency for Public Service and Social Innovations under the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, has been established in 2012, where different government agencies as well as private companies are able to directly implement their services to the citizens of Azerbaijan. In other words, the government agencies are required to increase the quality of their work, which is based on transparent and equal standards that purely for the benefits of citizens.

However, there are very few studies that investigate what are the main driving forces that motivate citizens to use public services through ASAN Service, while at the same time, it is necessary to understand how the organizational citizenship behavior is formed in this context. This chapter of the research sheds a light on ASAN Service model in Azerbaijan, while at the same time brings the organizational citizenship behavior to the agenda of public sector in the country.
Jesús CAÑAS MURILLO, Miguel Ángel LAMA y José ROSO DÍAZ (eds.), «Vicente García de la Huerta y su obra (1734-1787)», Madrid, Visor Libros, 2015, 618 páginas con ilustraciones.
Authors: Álvarez Barrientos Joaquín
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Manuel-Reyes GARCÍA HURTADO (ed.), «El siglo XVIII en femenino. Las mujeres en el Siglo de las Luces», Madrid, Síntesis, 2016, 436 págs.
Authors: García Garrosa María Jesús
Published: July 2021

SIN RESUMEN
Off-Network Earthquake Location by Earthquake Early Warning Systems: Methodology and Validation
Authors: Netanel Mark , Eisermann Andreas Samuel , Ziv Alon
Published: July 2021

Regional source-based earthquake early warning systems perform three consecutive tasks: (1) detection and epicenter location, (2) magnitude determination, and (3) ground-motion prediction. The correctness of the magnitude determination is contingent on that of the epicenter location, and the credibility of the ground-motion prediction depends on those of the epicenter location and the magnitude determination. Thus, robust epicenter location scheme is key for regional earthquake early warning systems. Available source-based systems yield acceptably accurate locations when the earthquakes occur inside the real-time seismic network, but they return erroneous results otherwise. In this study, a real-time algorithm that is intended as a supplement to an existing regional earthquake early warning systems is introduced with the sole objective of ameliorating its off-network location capacity. The new algorithm combines measurements from three or more network stations that are analyzed jointly using an array methodology to give the P-wave slowness vector and S-phase arrival time. Prior to the S-phase picking, the nonarrival of the S phase is used for determining a minimum epicentral distance. This estimate is updated repeatedly with elapsed time until the S phase is picked. Thus, the system timeliness is not compromised by waiting for the S-phase arrival. After the S wave is picked, an epicentral location can be determined using a single array by intersecting the back-azimuth beam with the S-minus-P annulus. When several arrays are assembled, the back azimuth and P and S picks from all arrays are combined to constrain the epicenter. The performance of the array processing for back azimuth and S-wave picking is assessed using a large number of accelerograms, recorded by nine strong motion sensors of the KiK-net seismic network in Japan. The nine stations are treated as three distinct seismic arrays, comprising three stations each. Good agreement is found between array-based and catalog-reported parameters. Finally, the advantage of the new array methodology with respect to alternative schemes for back azimuth and distance is demonstrated.
Existing Status of Acacia Woodlands in Central Saudi Arabia: A Case Study in Hawtat Bani Tamim and Al Duwadmi
Authors: Alshahrani Thobayet Safar
Published: July 2021

Acacia woodlands are ecologically important and it is necessary to understand its structures and dynamics to develop sustainable conservation strategies. This study aimed to provide baseline information on the composition and growth of Acacia woodlands in the Hawtat Bani Tamim and Al Duwadmi regions of central Saudi Arabia. Height, diameter at breast height, crown diameter, seedling density, and soil seed bank content of Acacia tree species were characterized for 27 remote, circular, 0.1-ha plots in both study areas. At Hawtat Bani Tamim, Acacia raddiana, A. tortilis, and A. ehrenbergiana accounted for 45.53, 37.5 and 16.96% of all species present there. Most DBH were in the 6–10 cm class. A. raddiana was the main species in most diameter classes. Most trees were 4.1–5.0 m tall and A. raddiana predominated in this height class. Acacia ehrenbergiana had 92.63% damaged seeds. At Al Duwadmi, A. raddiana represented 78.99% of all Acacia trees there. A. gerrardii and A. tortilis accounted for 11.93 and 9.07% of the species there, respectively. Most of the DBH values were in the 6–10 cm and 11–15 cm classes, and A. tortilis and A. raddiana were abundant in both classes. Most trees were in the 4.1–5 m height class, which was dominated by A. raddiana. A. ehrenbergiana had 88.26% damaged seeds. In both areas, there was a gradual decline in the number of trees in DBH classes > 35 cm. The Acacia species in the two areas showed a fair regeneration status. There were more seedlings than saplings and fewer saplings than trees. This baseline study could contribute towards future sustainability planning initiatives after other assessment studies have been conducted to identify changes in the Acacia woodlands of this region. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Categorization of Available Cucumber Genotypes against Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus and Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne incognita)
Authors: Ahmed Hira Manzoo
Published: July 2021

In the present study, fifteen cucumber genotypes were screened against Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) and root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) individually and in combinations. All the cucumber genotypes behaved differently regarding root and shoot lengths and weights, number of galls, eggmasses and ZYMV infection when inoculated with M. incognita and ZYMV alone and in combinations. None of the fifteen cucumber genotypes was found immune, highly or moderately resistant to M. incognita. Two genotypes viz., Alpha Prime and Patio were found resistant to the nematode. Contrarily, Max Pack and Beti-alpha were highly susceptible as evident by maximum galls on their roots and reductions in growth variables. Similarly, the genotypes Best PIC, Songrooh, Northern Pack, C-7 and C-5 appeared as moderately susceptible whereas Shaheen, Jakson, C-1, C-2, C-3 and C-9 genotypes showed susceptible reactions to the nematode alone. Similar trend was noticed when the genotypes were inoculated with both the nematode and the virus. Similarly, on the basis of disease rating scale, two genotypes viz., Alpha Prime and Patio were grouped as moderately resistant to ZYMV. On the other hand, eleven genotypes viz., Max Pack, Shaheen, Songrooh, Northern Pack, Jakson, Beti-alpha, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-5 and C-9 were catalogued as highly resistant while two genotypes Best PIC and C-7 were categorized as susceptible against ZYMV alone. Similarly, all the genotypes behaved in the same way when inoculated with M. incognita. Two genotypes Alpha Prime and Patio were found resistant against both the pathogens inoculated simultaneously and hence are recommended for cultivation. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Thymoquinone: Biosynthesis, Biological Activities and Therapeutic Potential from Natural and Synthetic Sources
Authors: Aftab Arusa
Published: July 2021

Thymoquinone (TQ; 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone) is a secondary metabolite found in abundance in very few plant species including Nigella sativa L., Monarda fistulosa L. and Satureja montana L. It is found in crystalline triclinic form in a range of organs in these plants. TQ has been synthetically prepared from thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol); commercially it is synthesized by modification of thymol and carvacrol (5-isopropyl-2-methylphenol). TQ has substantial therapeutic potential because of its anti-cancer, hepato-protective, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial and cardio-protective activities in cell culture systems and animal models. In this article, we have reviewed recent studies on the natural and synthetic sources of TQ, its biosynthetic pathway and its modes of action in human and experimental models, as well as its commercial preparation. We also compiled the medicinal effects of TQ. The biological activities of TQ support the potential of this plant secondary metabolite as a drug with a wide range of therapeutic applications. To substantiate the benefits and pharmaceutical properties of TQ, further well-designed clinical research is required. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Antifungal Activity of Root Extracts from Baccharis salicina on Germination of Uredospores of Hemileia vastatrix
Authors: Lam-Gutiérrez Anayancy
Published: July 2021

Hemileia vastatrix is a fungus associated with coffee leaf rust, the most destructive disease of Coffea arabica. The objective of this work was to evaluate the antifungal activity of alcoholic extracts from roots of Baccharis salicina and to determine the metabolites present in these fractions. Antifungal activity was evaluated under in vitro conditions by monitoring the germination ability of H. vastatrix, the coffee leaf rust pathogen. In order to determine the presence of metabolites, chemical characterization of fractions obtained from methanolic root extracts was performed with help of an untargeted metabolomic approach and by using high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and MS2 based on direct-injection electrospray mass spectrometry (DIESI-MS) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Germination percentage was evaluated by leaves fixation technique. The MEBs significantly decreased the percentage of germination of H. vastatrix to levels below 5% as the dose increased. The multivariable analysis confirmed that the distribution of three fractions of methanolic extracts belonged to polyketides, organoheterocyclic compounds, fatty acyls, prenol-lipids, organo-oxygen and farnesene classes. This report comprises the first study of the metabolomic profile and biological activity study of roots from B. salicina against coffee leaf rust pathogen H. vastatrix. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Fusarium incarnatum: A Novel Leaf Spot Pathogen Isolated from Rosa indica in Pakistan
Authors: Shafique Shazia
Published: July 2021

Fungal leaf spots disease is a main reason of rose (Rosa indica L.) crop failure in Pakistan. Isolation and identification of pathogen from rose plant was done by observing phenotypic characters which were further executed on molecular bases using ITS, EF and Bt2a/Bt2b primers. On these bases, pathogen was identified as Fusarium incarnatum. Then, Koch’s pathogenicity test was applied to confirm the virulence level of the isolated fungus by artificially inoculating it on R. indica seedlings in plate and pot trials. This study signifies the first report of F. incarnatum as a leaf spot pathogen of R. indica in Pakistan and highlights the need to explicate the management strategies of pathogen populations. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Morpho-Molecular Study on some Taxa of Apocynaceae Sensu Lato
Authors: A. Salim Mohamed
Published: July 2021

Apocynaceae sensu lato (s.l.) is treated as distinct family in some taxonomic systems while in others is treated as two separated families viz. Apocynaceae sensu stricto (s.s.) and Asclepiadaceae. So the main objective of the present study was to adopt one of the two views. The morphological characters viz. whole plant, lamina vein architecture and lamina epidermal characters of 20 wild and ornamental species were examined using LM and SEM. The data were numerically analyzed to detect the phenetic relationship among the studied species. DNA barcoding based on the sequencing of rbcL gene was cladistically analyzed to detect the phylogenetic relationship among the studied species. The generated phenogram showed a clear separation of two subseries; one of them belonged to Apocynaceae and the other with the remaining taxa belonging to Asclepiadaceae. The obtained cladogram showed that all of the studied species were divided into four lineages. It is concluded that the phenetic analysis supports the treatment of Apocynaceae s.l. as two distinct families; Apocynaceae s.s. Asclepiadaceae contrary of the phylogenetic one that supports the treatment of Apocynaceae s.s. and Asclepiadaceae as one family (Apocynaceae s.l.) with four subfamilies viz. Apocynoideae, Rauvolfiodeae, Asclepiadoideae and Periplocoideae. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
High-Throughput Phenomic Characterization of Wheat Grain Architecture and Diversity for Conventional Morpho-Physiological Traits
Authors: Rehman Shafiq-Ur
Published: July 2021

Grain morphology affects the weight of grain which ultimately affects grain yield in wheat. Several morpho-physiological traits influence grain morphology. To assess the diversity for morpho-physiological traits and to characterize wheat for grain morphology, a collection comprising of 60 wheat varieties were explored. The ANOVA showed significant differences between varieties for all the parameters except grain thickness, peduncle length, and plant height. Descriptive statistics indicated that the collection of germplasm contained enough variability for the traits under consideration. Grain architectural traits showed positive significant correlations with most of the metric traits suggesting several criteria for indirect selection of traits like grain yield. A positive significant correlation of WUE was observed with grain morphology traits viz: grain width, grain size, grain thickness and grain volume. While 1000 grain weight, water use efficiency, grain length, grain width, grain size, grain thickness and grain volume showed positive significant correlation with grain yield. Principal component analysis extracted seven significant PCs having a cumulative variance of 78.87%. This variation was quite encouraging to initiate a breeding program to improve grain morphology and morpho-physiological traits. The PC1 indicted that grain width, unproductive water use, grain area size, and grain volume were the most diverse traits. In PC2, the maximum positive contribution towards variation was shown by the grain area, grain length and grain volume. The cluster analysis grouped varieties into seven clusters of high, medium, and low performance based on morphology and grain architecture traits. This classification might help in the selection of high and low performing varieties and could be used as parents in hybridization program. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Regulaciones laborales y resistencia magisterial: un estudio con maestros de secundaria en México
Authors: Sánchez Cerón Manuel , García Meza Adriana
Published: July 2021

Since the nineties Latin America begins a very deep reconfiguration of teachers’ labor according to the international policies with the object: increase the quality in education systems. The aim of this policy is of accountability though the standardized examination of students and teachers without the consideration of the different contexts in which the teachers work. This qualitative research explores this phenomenon and documents how the teachers in a secondary school in Tlaxcala in Mexico face the policy of the Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP) (Department of Education) between 2013-2108 to increase the number of students with satisfactory notes in their classes. The theoretical concept which orders the research is the resistance developed by Giroux.
Caminos didácticos para la enseñanza de la biología y la lucha antirracista: una deuda histórica y una necesidad urgente
Authors: Orozco Marín Yonier Alexander
Published: July 2021

The objective of this work is to discuss the urgent need and the historical debt of biology teaching in Colombia to build effective relationships with the professorship of Afro-Colombian Studies and the anti-racist struggle, recognizing racism at all levels as one of the main problems of Latin American countries. In this sense, initially the relationships between the teaching of biology and the anti-racist struggle are addressed, showing that more than a complementary matter, it should be central to the teaching of the natural sciences. Subsequently, Colombian antecedents of biology teaching and its relationship with the professorship of Afro- Colombian Studies are discussed. Finally, seven possible ways to approach the anti-racist fight in the teaching of biology are presented, being: Recognition of individual, institutional and structural racism; Discussion of scientific racism; Body, identity and whiteness problematized; Interculturality, epistemic justice and ecology of knowledge; Indigenous, African and Afro-Diaspora Sciences; Environmental racism; Encounters with struggles of historically oppressed groups. It is proposed that these approaches contribute to a better learning of the sciences and biology, and mainly, in the promotion of education for social justice.
Mobile Learning Approaches and Its Impact on Student‘s Education — A Survey
Authors:   School of IT and Engineering of Melbourne Institute of Technology, Australia, Aziz Sadia , Kadel Rajan , Guruge Deepani B. , Paudel Krishna , Karagiannidis Vanaja
Published: July 2021

As mobile devices have become a part of our everyday life, there is a lot of research going on how to make this technology more productive for the students. Most of the research studies have indicated that, mobile devices are very useful for students while a few research studies negates its effectiveness. In this paper, we have presented the literature survey conducted on the use of mobile technologies in the field of Teaching and Learning (T&L). These studies are broadly classified into three areas: Impact and learning environment; specific applications; and mobile learning framework. We will be exploring all these areas in this paper. Our review in impact and environment of mobile learning indicates that the use of mobile technology is nourishing the knowledge and learning of students in most cases. Our review on specific applications of mobile learning reveals positive impacts on learning in various fields but the key concern raised was difficulties in implementing them and not having proper control guideline. Moreover, our review on frameworks for mobile learning indicates that there are different frameworks developed for different applications. Most of the applications are limited to non-technical areas. However, we can observed that there is a lack of connectivity between course development and framework for mobile learning. Therefore, the future course developers need to address the gap by taking into account of learners’ behavior in using mobile devices and their cultures to enrich student engagement and learning.
A questionnaire based institutional assessment of ‘knowledge’, ‘attitude’ and ‘practice’ about bio-ethics in clinical research among postgraduate residents
Authors: Ahmed Md Mohsin , Saba Amreen
Published: July 2021

Background: Research ethics govern the standards of conduct for scientific researchers. Post graduate residents are one of the key stakeholders in clinical research. Therefore, the present study is designed to assess the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice about bio-ethics in clinical research among post-graduate residents.Methods: A self-administered pretested questionnaire was given to 40 students selected on the basis of convenience sampling. The questionnaire consists of questions related to knowledge and attitude toward principles and practice of bioethics in clinical research, informed consent, and role of the ethics committee in the institution. Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the results.Results: 70% of the students have formally taken Hippocratic Oath. Knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding Institutional Ethics Committee, and informed consent were more among final year students when compared to their juniors. Source of knowledge of bioethics were multiple. Department lectures were not a preferred mode of learning.Conclusions: There is an urgent need to include practical education of ethics to bridge the gap in the knowledge, attitude, and practices regarding ethics in clinical practice and research.
Evaluation of hydroxychloroquine induced retinal toxicity in systemic lupus erythematosus patients
Authors: Kalyan Dandyala Pavan , Teja Gajula Sri , Reddy Kallem Sharat Venkat , D’souza Marina
Published: July 2021

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disorder, which affects the major organs in the human body. Pathophysiology of SLE is unknown. It mainly affects the joints, and restricts their movement. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) an anti-malarial drug is used as the first line of drugs used to treat SLE. The major adverse effect of this drug is irreversible retinopathy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the incidence and prevalence of retinopathy in patients with long-term usage of hydroxychloroquine (for more than 1 year).Methods: In patients with SLE, we recorded a review on HCQ induced toxicity among those taking it for longer period (>1 year). All the patients were above 18 years of age. A total data of 210 patients suffering from SLE and taking HCQ for more than one year was collected. Patients were categorized according to gender and dose pattern. Out of 210 patients, 0 patients were found to be retinal toxic induced by HCQ.Results: Suitable statistical tools were used and data was analysed which showed the incidence and prevalence of HCQ induced toxicity. With the results of our study we can understand that incidence and prevalence rates were very low among the subjects.Conclusions: HCQ is said to reduce the risk of disease remission, improves survival, minimizes the risks of vital organ damage, reduces the frequency of flares and has a protective effect on cardiovascular health.  HCQ medication is usually well tolerated.  But irreversible retinopathy is the major effect on long term use of HCQ.  The present study concludes that in the nominal daily dose of 200mg did not reveal any signs of retinal toxicity in 100% of the population tested within 5 years of HCQ treatment suggesting that the toxicity is rare and can be prevented by reducing the dose of the drug.
Cost variation analysis of different brands of oral anti-epileptic drugs available in India
Authors: Kandra Nagavishnu , B. Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Background: Epilepsy is a group of neurological disorders, characterized by seizures, loss of consciousness, muscular contraction. Prevalence of epilepsy in India is about 1%. High medical care cost should be cause of concern for policy makers and service providers. Hence, a study was planned to analyse cost ratio and percentage cost variations of oral antiepileptic drugs available in India.Methods: An analytical study with maximum and minimum price of 10 tablets/capsules and syrup of one bottle of available strength of each drug was noted in Indian Rupee, using “Current Index of Medical Specialties” July to October 2020; “Drug Today” July To October 2020 volume-1 and “Indian Drug Review” 2020 volume-26 issue 6. Percentage cost variation and cost ratio for individual drugs was compared.Results: Significant cost variations were found in different brands of same drug. Among established oral antiepileptic drugs, Divalproex sodium 250 mg has highest cost ratio 16.071 and 1507.14% price variation and Clonazepam 0.25 mg with cost ratio 16.005 and 1500.55% price variation. Diazepam 2 mg has lowest cost ratio 1.024 and 2.43% price variation. Among newer oral antiepileptic drugs, Levetiracetam 500 mg has highest cost ratio 66.389 and 6538.93% price variation; least is Oxcarbazepine 450 mg with cost ratio 1.317 and 31.75% price variation.Conclusions: Epilepsy has long course of treatment. Increased adherence to treatment is achieved by switching to cost-effective therapy and by making Pharmacoeconomics an integral part of Undergraduate and Postgraduate Curriculum.
Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among undergraduate medical students of a tertiary care teaching hospital, Surat: a source of profound concern
Authors: Shah Awani Y. , Banzal Neeta , Mehta Chaitali , Desai Anupama
Published: July 2021

Background: The discussion around COVID-19 vaccines has been in the limelight ever since the announcement was made for mass vaccination campaign in India. Less is known about undergraduate medical students’ perception and willingness towards getting COVID-19 vaccination. The aim of the study was to assess reasons for the apprehension if present towards taking the COVID-19 vaccines among medical students and to spread awareness about the ongoing issue.Methods: This was a prospective, cross sectional, survey-based study which was conducted at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat, Gujarat, India. Questionnaire was distributed among medical students during lectures and exam going students were sent Google form link. Data collection was done from February to March 2021, and 550 students submitted the forms.Results: While 34.9% students had taken the vaccine voluntarily, category I (acceptance group); 18.2% students were initially hesitant to take the vaccine, but later took it, category II (hesitant group); the frequency increased to 46.9% students who are still hesitant and have not taken the vaccine, category III (refusal group). Top reasons for hesitancy were: concern regarding adverse events (69%), safety (60%) and lack of scientific data (27%) provided for the vaccines.Conclusions: This study revealed that there was lack of knowledge and positive attitude towards the COVID-19 vaccines among the non-vaccinated students. This evaluation has guided the importance and the need of targeted educational program to address the knowledge gap.
Association of serum ferritin with insulin resistance in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
Authors: Begum Taslima , Ishra Shakeela , Sharifa Begum Shaira , Nahar Shamsun , Begum Hosne Ara , Khan Sadia Sultana
Published: July 2021

Background: Emerging scientific evidence has disclosed unsuspected influences between iron metabolism, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Even mildly elevated body iron stores are associated with statistically significant increases in glucose homeostasis indices. But till now high serum ferritin associated with type 2 diabetes is not recognized as an entity in the current clinical guidelines for the management of type 2 diabetes.Methods: This was a Cross sectional study carried out from September 2016 to March, 2017 at PCO clinic of infertility outpatient department (OPD), department of obstetrics and gynecology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study population consisted of all the diagnosed PCOS patients. Purposive sampling Main outcome variable: serum ferritin level and insulin resistance index (Homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance: HOMA-IR).Results: Most of the (90.9%) patients were aged 20-30 years having BMI >25 kg/m2, mostly overweight (52.53%) or obese (25.25%). Significant increase of serum ferritin level (72.89±34.97; p=0.001) was noted in PCOS patients with insulin resistance. Marked increase in serum ferritin (82.81±31.57, p<0.001), fasting serum insulin (16.39±7.1; p<0.001), HOMA-IR (3.51±1.55; p<0.001) and more cases with insulin resistance (78.3%; p<0.001) were found in women with high ferritin level (when ≥45.5 ng/ml). Statistically significant strong positive correlation between serum ferritin level and fasting insulin level (r=0.528; p<0.001) as well as HOMA-IR (r=0.492; p<0.001) were observed.Conclusions: These results demonstrated that elevated level of serum ferritin was associated with insulin resistance in PCOS women.
Prevalence of surgical site infection post caesarean with increased patient load during COVID-19 pandemic in tertiary care centre
Authors: Raut Prashansa Santosh , Wani Reena , Shetty Theertha , Khade Roshni , Mulchandani Anjali
Published: July 2021

Background: Increased referrals and workload during the pandemic lead to overcrowding in hospitals and increase in LSCS rates. Surgical site infection is one of the most common complication post LSCS causing physical and mental duress to the patients. The objective of the study was to analyse the effect of COVID-19 on SSI, the incidence, commonly associated factors and bacteriology of SSI. The design was prospective study design.Methods: 577 patients undergoing LSCS were studied from Day 1 till 30 days post LSCS from 1st August 2020 to 31st October 2020.Results: Out of 577, 28 (4.85%) patients developed SSI. 60% of SSI in our study were unbooked, 50% had haemoglobin less than 9.9 g/dl. Most common risk factor for developing of SSI included pre-eclampsia (32.14%) followed by previous LSCS (28.57%). Common organism isolate was MRSA (25%) and 75% required surgical management.Conclusions: Regular ANC visits can help in managing comorbidities at an earlier stage leading to reduction in SSI. Strict aseptic precautions should be followed to reduce SSI in cases with PROM and second stage arrest. SSI rate is not influenced by COVID-19 status but hospital facilities and overcrowding definitely have an effect.
Comparative study of ormeloxifene and low dose oral contraceptive pill for the treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in peri-menopausal age group
Authors: Shah Maitri , Parmar Chirayu , Gor Riddhi
Published: July 2021

Background: Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is the most common menstrual disorder of women in any age group and is a diagnosis of exclusion. Medical management of menorrhagia is a difficult task as there are wide variations in the available drugs and a lot of different regimes are available. Present study evaluates efficacy and safety of ormeloxifene a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) as compared to combined oral contraceptive pills in treatment of dysfunctional uterine bleeding in perimenopausal women.Methods: Total 60 patients meeting with our inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled in the study over a time period of 6 months and were further divided randomly into two groups. One group was given Ormeloxifene and the other group was treated with combined oral contraceptive pills (COCP) over a period of six months. The outcome variables noted were pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score, Hb level and combined endometrial thickness (CET). Quantitative variables were compared using independent t test/Mann-Whitney test between the two groups and paired t Test/Wilcoxon test was used for comparison between pre and post within the group.Results: Both ormeloxifene and COCP significantly reduce blood loss in these patients evidenced by decrease of PBAC score, rise in hemoglobin levels and decrease in CET levels. However, ormeloxifene was found to be superior to COCP in reducing the menstrual blood loss. Ormeloxifene was also tolerated better compared to COCP with fewer side effects experienced by patients.
Histopathological evaluation of endometrial sampling in perimenopausal women with abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Nair Bhavani L. , Kuriakose Lency S.
Published: July 2021

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is one of the common symptoms in the gynaecology outpatient department. About one third of women are affected at some time in their lives. The perimenopausal women show significant number of underlying organic pathology. The evaluation of endometrium and/or organ histopathology has the dual advantage of finding the cause of AUB and to rule out endometrial cancer or the potential for cancer in future like endometrial hyperplasia with atypia. The aim of the study was to determine the histopathological pattern of endometrial sampling in perimenopausal women with AUB and to follow them up for a period of six months after the procedure.Methods: The prospective observational study was conducted at the department of obstetrics and gynaecology at Sree Gokulam Medical College and Research Foundation, Venjaramood, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, for a period of one year from December 2019 to December 2020. The study was conducted on 116 perimenopausal women 41-52 years who presented with AUB and had undergone endometrial sampling. These ladies were subsequently followed up for six months post procedure to assess the response to medical treatment or the need for any surgical intervention like hysterectomy.Results: A total 39.65% patients had heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding and 18.16% patients had irregular bleeding. 14.65% patients had prolonged flow, 8.6% had heavy flow, 6.8% had infrequent with prolonged flow, 6% had prolonged, infrequent with heavy bleeding. Non-structural (COEIN) causes contributed to about 60.4% of AUB in perimenopausal women and 39.6% had structural (PALM) causes. 49% cases were secretory endometrium. 29.3% had disordered proliferative endometrium, 4.3% had proliferative endometrium, 5.2% each had polyp or hyperplasia without atypia. 18 (15.5%) cases underwent hysterectomy, 3 patients who had adenocarcinoma underwent staging laparotomy, 2 patients had LNG IUS insertion and 40 patients were on follow up requiring either no treatment and 53 (45.68%) patients were given antifibrinolytics or hormonal therapy.Conclusions: Heavy and prolonged menstrual bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. COEIN contributed to about 60.4% of cases. Evaluation of the endometrium showed that, secretory endometrium was commonest (49%) followed by disordered proliferative endometrium (29.3%). On follow up for six months, 15.5% patients underwent hysterectomy, 2 patients had insertion of levonorgestrel IUD, 45.68% patients had medical management with antifibrinolytics or hormones and were on follow up. The responsibility of gynaecologist in the management of AUB in perimenopausal women is to exclude hyperplasia of endometrium and endometrial cancer.
An unusual presentation of Gossypiboma associated with secondary infertility: a case report
Authors: Kaur Eshwarya J. , Saravagi Ganesh
Published: July 2021

Gossypibomas are a rare cause of surgical morbidity and mortality. When unrecognised in the perioperative period, they can present later with a myriad of abdominal complications. We present an unusual case of gossypiboma that was discovered as a cause of secondary infertility, misdiagnosed as a complex adnexal mass. After a definitive diagnosis was made, the removal of gossypiboma restored fertility in the patient successfully.
O “PARTIDO SAQUAREMA” NA DISPUTA PELA PARTILHA DA AUTORIDADE SOBRE O PASSADO: NOVA DIREITA, MOVIMENTOS MONARQUISTAS E O SABER HISTÓRICO NO OCASO DA NOVA REPÚBLICA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Detoni Vicente da Silveira
Published: July 2021

Resumo: O artigo sugere uma reflexão sobre a situação da historiografia no tempo presente à luz das disputas pela redefinição das hierarquias simbólicas e relativa suspensão das autoridades intelectuais no Brasil contemporâneo. Explora esta dinâmica, situada em meio a uma crise do sistema político da Nova República, examinando os usos do passado efetuados pela nova direita e pelo movimento monarquista, considerando a postura contestadora destes atores diante do establishment universitário e midiático. Argumenta que o conflito pela redefinição desta matriz de autorização discursiva implica também uma revisão das categorias temporais estabelecidas enquanto orientadoras da ação e do conhecimento. O artigo pretende apontar para a relação entre a irrupção de outras vozes sobre o passado e mutações no tempo histórico, sublinhando a posição cambiante que a historiografia ocupa na sociedade contemporânea.Palavras-chave: Historiografia, Usos do passado, Autoridade, Nova Direita, Movimento Monarquista.
Correlation of body mass index and pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea
Authors: Mishra Saurabh , Srivastava G N , Mishra J K , Oli Ritamvara
Published: July 2021

Obstructive sleep apnoea has very strong association with both body mass index and pulmonary hypertension. There is a paucity of data to relate BMI and PH in patients with OSA.

To see the relation between body mass index and pulmonary hypertension in patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.

Patients with symptoms of OSA were screened for polysomnography by using STOP-BANG criteria. 100 patients with AHI ≥5 with symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea and AHI ≥ 15 without symptoms of obstructive sleep apnoea were selected for other investigations. Neck circumference was measured and BMI was calculated to estimate the severity of obstruction. PFT and chest X-ray were done to rule-out other respiratory illnesses. 2D-echocardiography was done for screening of pre-existing structural cardiac anomaly or any raise in pulmonary artery pressure. MRI neck was done to check neck muscles status.

Out of 100 patients in study group 10% (n=10) had mild, 12% (n=12) had moderate and 78% (n=78) had severe OSA. Most of the patients belonged to overweight (52%) and obesity stage 1 (34%) groups. 10% and 2% of the patients belonged to obesity stage 2 and severe obesity groups respectively. Only 2% of the patients were healthy and none of the patients were underweight. PH was present in 24% (n=24) of cases, mild (n=10) and moderate (n=10) PH each were 10% and severe (n=4) PH was present in 4% of the cases. 100% of the patients with severe obesity had pulmonary hypertension. Most of the patients with PH belonged to Obesity grade 1 and overweight groups, whereas none of normal BMI patients had PH.

Body mass index has indirect relation with pulmonary hypertension. In our study, we found that pulmonary hypertension was present only in overweight and obese patients. Whereas, none of the patients with normal BMI had pulmonary hypertension.
State of the Climate Report: Suriname
Authors: Solaun Kepa , Alleng Gerard , Flores Adrián , Resomardono Chiquita , Hess Katharina , Antich Helena
Published: July 2021

Suriname is highly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. Among the factors that exacerbate its vulnerability are its dependency on fossil fuels, the degradation of important ecosystems (e.g., mangroves), and the fact that 87% of the population, and most of the countrys economic activity is located within the low-lying coastal area. Many sectors are at risk of suffering losses and damage caused by gradual changes and extreme events related to climate change. For Suriname to develop sustainably, it should incorporate climate change and its effects into its decision-making process based on scientific- evidence. The State of the Climate Report analyzes Surinames historical climate (1990-2014) and provides climate projections for three time horizons (2020-2044, 2045-2069, 2070-2094) through two emissions scenarios (intermediate/ SSP2-4.5 and severe/ SSP5-8.5). The analysis focuses on changes in sea level, temperature, precipitation, relative humidity, and winds for the seven subnational locations of Paramaribo, Albina, Bigi Pan MUMA, Brokopondo, Kwamalasamutu, Tafelberg Natural Reserve, and Upper Tapanahony. The Report also analyzes climate risk for the countrys ten districts by examining the factors which increase their exposure and vulnerability on the four most important sectors affected by climate change: infrastructure, agriculture, water, and forestry, as well as examining the effects across the sectors. The State of the Climate Report provides essential inputs for Suriname to develop and update its climate change policies and targets. These policies and targets should enable an adequate mainstreaming of climate change adaptation and resilience enhancementinto day-to-day government operations. It is expected that the Report will catalyze similar efforts in the future to improve decision-making by providing science-based evidence.
Los yacimientos arqueológicos de la sierra de Atapuerca. 150 años de exploraciones, excavaciones y ciencia
Authors: Alonso Alcalde Rodrigo , Navazo Ruiz Marta , Carbonell i Roura Eudald
Published: July 2021

En 2018 se cumplió el 150 aniversario de la publicación Descripción con planos de la llamada Cueva de Atapuerca. Este es el primer libro de carácter científico sobre la Sierra de Atapuerca. Desde entonces, varios yacimientos de este territorio burgalés comenzaron a formar parte de los inventarios arqueológicos de nuestro país. Sin embargo, hubo que esperar hasta 1978 para que un joven equipo de arqueólogos, biólogos y geólogos comenzaran a trabajar de forma sistemática en estos yacimientos. Desde entonces, 1.500 personas, entre estudiantes, profesores e investigadores, han participado, verano tras verano, en las diferentes campañas de excavación. Hasta la actualidad se ha intervenido en 15 yacimientos que permiten estudiar la evolución de los grupos humanos en Europa Occidental desde hace más de un millón de años hasta nuestros días. Este trabajo de campo se ha materializado en un millar de publicaciones científicas que ha situado al Equipo de Investigaciones de Atapuerca a la cabeza de los estudios sobre Evolución Humana a nivel mundial. Conocer la evolución de estas investigaciones nos permite analizar cómo ha evolucionado la Arqueología sobre nuestros orígenes en España.
LAS APORTACIONES DE LOS HISTORIADORES HISPANISTAS FRANCESES DEL SIGLO XXI A LOS ESTUDIOS SOBRE LA EDAD MEDIA HISPANA
Authors: Garcia Charles
Published: July 2021

En la disciplina histórica, el hispanismo francés es uno de los más importantes del mundo, y el más productivo sin lugar a dudas en Historia medieval. Esta realidad no es nueva puesto que se enmarca en una tradición secular. Sin embargo, se puede afirmar que los últimos veinte años han sido los más prolíficos y variados de una dilatada trayectoria. Los temas tratados por los investigadores franceses son el reflejo de los prismas del medievalismo de su propio país, unos temas que han sido adaptados al ámbito hispánico en diferentes grados. Así, mientras las investigaciones sobre la economía o el mundo urbano han decaído notablemente, otros, como la historia cultural, no dejan de desarrollarse. Cubriendo la totalidad de las épocas y del espacio peninsular, desde al-Ándalus hasta los reinos cristianos, algunos aspectos como la escritura, la política, los símbolos, el papel de la Iglesia, la guerra santa, la cruzada, los viajes o la territorialidad han tomado felizmente el relevo de las antiguas temáticas al conseguir mejorar los conocimientos que tenemos sobra la Edad Media española.
LA ESPAÑA CONTEMPORÁNEA EN EL HISPANISMO FRANCÉS. ENTRE LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA, LA CIVILIZACIÓN Y LOS "CULTURAL STUDIES"
Authors: Niño Antonio
Published: July 2021

El artículo explica las razones del extraordinario desarrollo en Francia de un hispanismo académico de larga tradición, muy numeroso y bien organizado. Al contrario que otros hispanismos europeos, ha otorgado gran importancia al estudio de la civilización junto a la literatura y la lengua, y se ha interesado por la historia más contemporánea. La noción de civilización se ha interpretado tradicionalmente como la historia “interna” que cubre una gran variedad de hechos sociales y culturales. Ese hábito ha favorecido el cultivo de una original historia sociocultural por los hispanistas de formación literaria, que son mayoría respecto a los historiadores. En los últimos años, sin embargo, se percibe una creciente influencia de los cultural studies de origen anglosajón, que ya han colonizado otros departamentos de lenguas modernas en las universidades francesas. Todo ello está generando un debate en el interior de la corporación en torno a sus propias matrices disciplinarias o, como algunos denuncian, su fragmentación y evolución hacia un tipo de estudios culturales ajeno a su propia tradición.
“PAPELES TOCANTES AL HAVITO DE CHRISTO DE PORTUGAL”: UM CÓDICE PORTUGUÊS NA BIBLIOTECA NACIONAL DE ESPAÑA
Authors: Lencart Joana
Published: July 2021

Las bibliotecas y los archivos españoles albergan mucha documentación de las Órdenes Militares portuguesas, resultado, entre otros, de la unión de las dos coronas entre 1581 y 1640. El presente trabajo se centrará en un códice en particular depositado en la Biblioteca Nacional de España. Reúne un conjunto de documentos relativos a la Orden de Cristo, tanto manuscritos como impresos, y que fueron agregados en un mismo códice. Son documentos copiados en el siglo XVII, pero muchos de ellos se remontan a períodos anteriores. Haremos un análisis del contenido de los documentos, tratando de asociarlos al contexto histórico al cual reportan y se refieren a asuntos generales de las Órdenes Militares o a asuntos de la Orden de Cristo en particular.
LA HISTORIOGRAFÍA ACTUAL DESDE 1989
Authors: Santana-Pérez Juan Manuel , Sanmartín Barros Israel
Published: July 2021

La historia como disciplina social ha sido condicionada por discursos políticos y económicos triunfantes que se han convertido en una nueva ideología. Esto se recrudeció tras la caída del Muro de Berlín y la consiguiente desintegración del sistema soviético y del mundo polarizado este-oeste. Este hecho supuso un cambio importante en las relaciones internacionales y en el pensamiento político a nivel planetario. La teoría de la historia se vio fuertemente sacudida por estas transformaciones pero el embate fue más fuerte para la “historia crítica” que seguía la tradición de Annales y del materialismo histórico. Tras unos primeros años de desconcierto se ha ido reformulando con las mejores aportaciones del siglo XX y las innovaciones epistemológicas y empíricas del siglo XXI.