bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antisense oligonucleotides selectively enter human-derived antibiotic-resistant bacteria through ATP-binding cassette transporter
Authors: Liu Mingzhu , Sun Rong , Ding Jiali , Ye Han , Chu Binbin , Yang Yunmin , Wu Yuqi , Shi Haoliang , Song Bin , Hong Jiaxu , Wang Houyu , He Yao
Published: February 2022

The current vehicles used to deliver antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) cannot distinguish between bacterial and mammalian cells, greatly hindering the preclinical or clinical treatment of bacterial infections, especially those caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Herein, we leverage bacteria-specific ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters to selectively internalize ASOs by hitchhiking them on the unique carbon source of bacterial cells. Compared with their cell-penetrating peptide counterparts, which are non-specifically engulfed by both mammalian and bacterial cells and which display a low uptake rate (i.e. 14.7%), the presented therapeutics consisting of glucose polymer and antisense peptide nucleic acid-modified nanoparticles are selectively internalized into the human-derived multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and they display a much higher uptake rate (i.e. 51.6%). We demonstrate that the developed strategy allows specific and efficient killing of nearly 100% of the antibiotic-resistant bacteria. We also show its significant curative efficacy against bacterial keratitis and endophthalmitis in mice. This strategy will expand the focus of antisense technology to include bacterial cells other than mammalian cells.
Medical nutrition therapy and clinical outcomes in critically ill adults: A European multinational, prospective observational cohort study (EuroPN)
Authors: Matejovic Martin , Huet Olivier , Dams Karolien , Elke Gunnar , Vaquerizo Clara Alonso , Csomos Akos , Krzych Łukasz J , Tetamo Romano , Puthucheary Zudin , Rooyackers Olav , Tjäder Inga , Kuechenhoff Helmut , Hartl Wolfgang H. , Hiesmayr Michael
Published: February 2022

Background: Medical nutrition therapy may be associated with clinical outcomes in critical ill patients with prolonged ICU stay. We wanted to assess nutrition practices in European intensive care units (ICU) and their relevance for clinical outcomes.Methods: Prospective multinational observational study including patients in ICU ≥5 days with a follow-up until day 90. Macronutrient intake during the first 15 days after ICU admission was compared with targets recommended by ESPEN guidelines. We determined independent predictors of macronutrient intake and modelled associations between three categories of daily calorie and protein intake (low: <10 kcal/kg, <0.8 g/kg; moderate: 10-20 kcal/kg, 0.8-1.2 g/kg, high: >20 kcal/kg; >1.2 g/kg) and the time-varying hazard rates of 90-day mortality or successful weaning from invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Hazard ratios were calculated from piece-wise exponential additive mixed models to compare several different hypothetical medical nutrition therapies.Results: 1172 patients with median [Q1;Q3] APACHE II score of 18.5 [13.0;26.0] were included, and 23.5% died until day 90. Median length of ICU stay was 10.0 [7.0;16.0] days, 73.9% of patients could be weaned from invasive mechanical ventilation. Patients reached on average 83.1% [59.2;106.6] and 64.5% [41.4;90.9] of ESPEN calorie and protein recommended targets, respectively. Whereas specific reasons for ICU admission (especially respiratory diseases requiring IMV) were associated with higher intakes, a lack of nutrition on the preceding day was associated with lower intakes. Daily moderate calorie and moderate protein intake were associated with higher probability of successful weaning, and, for calories, lower hazards of death compared to a lower intake. There was no evidence that a high calorie or protein intake was associated with further outcome improvements.Conclusions: Calorie intake was mainly provided according to the recommended targets by the ESPEN guideline, but protein intake was lower. Early moderate daily calorie and protein intakes were associated with improved clinical outcomes.Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04143503, registered on October 25, 2019
An Assessment Of Health Risks Posed By Consumption Of Pesticide Residues In Fruits And Vegetables Among Residents In The Kampala Metropolitan Area In Uganda
Authors: Ssemugabo Charles , Bradman Asa , Ssempebwa John C. , Sille Fenna , Guwatudde David
Published: February 2022

Background: Pesticide use for fruits and vegetable production in Uganda may result in presence of residues on produce which may pose health risks to consumers. Uganda does not have an established system for monitoring pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables and assessing potential health risks. This research aimed to conduct a health risk assessment of presence of pesticide residues in fruits and vegetables in the Kampala Metropolitan Area in Uganda.Method: Pesticides were measured in 160 fruits and vegetables samples collected at farms, markets, street vendors, restaurants and homes using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Fruit and vegetable consumption information was collected from 2,177 people. Pesticide concentrations were compared with European Union maximum residual limits (MRLs). Mean values of pesticide concentration residues found in the sample of fruits and vegetables; and fruits and vegetables intake and body weight were used to calculate the estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticide residues. EDI values were compared with acceptable daily intakes (ADI) to calculate the hazard quotient by age group, and stage at which consumption happens along the chain. Results: Overall, 57 pesticides were detected in fruits and vegetables from farm to fork. Of the 57, 39 pesticides were detected in all the fruits and vegetables studied. Concentrations of fonofos, fenitrothion and fenhexamid were above the European Union MRLs in some samples. Hazard quotients based on dietary ingestion scenarios for eighteen pesticides, including dichlorvos (444) alanycarb (314), fonofos (68), fenitrothion (62), dioxacarb (55) and benfuracarb (24) and others, were above 1, indicating the possibility of chronic health risk to consumers. Chronic health risk decreased with age but was stable for stage at which consumption happens along the food chain. The number of pesticides with EDI greater than the ADI decreased with increase in age; with 18, 13, 9, 11, 8, 9, and 9 pesticides for age groups <5, 5-12, 13-19, 20-25, 36-49 and ≥50 respectively.Conclusion: Chronic dietary pesticide exposures to Ugandans are likely common, and for some pesticides result in exposure exceeding health-based benchmarks. Risks were highest for younger participants. There is an urgent need to increase monitoring and regulation of pesticides in fruits and vegetables in order to protect consumers, especially the children who are especially vulnerable to the adverse effects of pesticides.
Optimal lane expansion model for electric vehicle transportation networks with bounded rational travelers
Authors: Xin Xu , Wang Xiaoli , Chen Kang , Li Cui , Liu Yanran
Published: February 2022

With governments worldwide emphasizing environmental protection and the global focus on carbon reduction, the battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry has developed rapidly. Urban transportation network with BEVs as the main form of transportation will soon be formed. Thus, we investigate a BEV transportation network design problem, and a lane expansion model is established. The abovementioned model aims to minimize the system travel time of BEV transportation networks and optimize government lane expansion schemes under limited budgets. To consider the travel characteristics of BEV drivers, range anxiety and bounded rationality factors are simultaneously incorporated into the model framework. A heuristic algorithm is designed based on the active set algorithm to obtain the local optimal solution of the actual scale problem. Moreover, a column generation technique is embedded in the abovementioned algorithm to avoid the enumeration of paths. Sensitivity analyses of different levels of rationality and government investment scales are performed. The experimental results demonstrate that the abovementioned model and algorithm effectively solve the considered problem and provide decision support for the government in formulating transportation planning policies.JEL Code: C61; D58; H54; R42; R53
Does sex of the jockey influence racehorse physiology and performance
Authors: Schrurs Charlotte , Dubois Guillaume , Erck-Westergren Emmanuelle van , Gardner David S
Published: February 2022

Studies assessing the effect of the rider’s sex on racehorse performance and physiology during training have not been reported, mostly due to the paucity of available data for female participants within the sport. Here, using a validated system (the ‘Equimetre’™) that records all parameters simultaneously, we objectively report the effect of rider’s sex on racehorse cardiovascular (heart rate, heart rate recovery) and biomechanical parameters (stride length and frequency) at various exercise intensities (slow canter to hard gallop). 530 Thoroughbreds, varying in age (2-7 years old) and sex (including geldings), from one racing yard in Australia, completed a total of 3,568 exercise sessions, monitored by a single trainer, on varying track surfaces (sand, turf, or fibre). 103 different work riders (male, n=66; female, n=37) of which n=43 were current or past registered professional jockeys, were used. Data were analysed using analysis of variation (ANOVA) or mixed-effect models, as appropriate. Sex of the rider did not influence racehorse speed (P=0.06) nor stride length (P=0.42) at any training intensity. Heart rate and peak heart rate increased with training intensity (P<.001), with no difference according to sex of rider (P=0.73). Heart rate recovery after exercise appeared influenced by rider sex, but only when the usual training intensity on each surface was reversed, suggesting an interaction between racehorse anticipation of exercise and rider sex. Male jockeys had slightly higher strike rate in races in Australia, but not the UK. This study demonstrates no overt effect of rider sex on racehorse performance and physiology.
Social inequities and visual function in pediatric ophthalmology populations: a small cross-sectional study
Authors: He Bonnie , Binda Catherine , Loock Christine , Gardiner Jane
Published: February 2022

Objectives
The relationship between visual function and social determinants of health in pediatric ophthalmology patients is unclear. Our study evaluated the feasibility of screening for social determinants of health in ophthalmology clinics, assess the prevalence of these risk factors, and to clarify the relationship between social determinants of health and visual function.
Methods
An institution approved survey on social determinants of health risk factors was completed by 145 patients from five pediatric ophthalmology outpatient clinics in British Columbia. Medical charts of survey participants were reviewed to determine diagnoses and level of visual function. Descriptive statistics, univariate, and multivariate analysis were performed.
Results
Socioeconomic risk factors were present in all pediatric ophthalmology settings. 56% (n=81) of participants reported having at least one risk factor. Characteristics of poverty, including annual household income, size of support network, adverse childhood experiences, and level of parental education, were not associated with level of visual function. Food insecurity, housing instability, low income, and lack of social support were all associated with a higher adverse event scores (p<0.05). Patients who experienced food insecurity were more likely (OR 7.14, 95% CI 1.47-38.44) to have an adverse childhood experience score of four or more compared to patients who did not have any risk factors.
Conclusions
Our study found no relationship between the level of visual function and social determinants of health risk factors. Given that all pediatric ophthalmology populations experience socioeconomic poverty, the need to establish social screening and social work support is pertinent in all pediatric ophthalmology clinics.
Prime counting function, first Chebyshev function and the Lambert W function
Authors: Das Abhishek
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we prove two theorems that relate the prime counting function with the first Chebyshev function and the Lambert W function and thereby a new equivalent expression for the prime counting function is derived.
Managing Type 2 Diabetes and Binge Eating Disorder: A Qualitative Study of Patients’ Perceptions and Lived Experiences
Authors: Salvia Meg G. , Ritholz Marilyn D. , Craigen Katherine L.E. , Quatromoni Paula A.
Published: February 2022

Background
The overlap in prevalence between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and binge eating disorder (BED) is substantial, with adverse physical and mental health consequences. Little is known about patients’ efforts at managing these two conditions simultaneously. The research objective was to explore patients’ experiences managing co-existing T2DM/prediabetes and BED.
Methods
Qualitative descriptive study using semi-structured interviews. Participants included 21 women with T2DM or prediabetes (90% non-Hispanic White; mean age 49 ± 14.8 years, mean BMI 43.8 ± 8.4; 48% with T2DM and mean HbA1c was 8.4%). Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis and NVivo software.
Results
Qualitative analysis revealed that participants reported binge episodes frequently started in childhood or adolescence and went undiagnosed for decades; notably, they recalled that diabetes diagnosis preceded BED diagnosis. They also described trying to lose weight throughout their lives and how feelings of deprivation, shame, and failure exacerbated binge eating. Participants further reported how binge eating made diabetes self-care and outcomes worse. Finally, participants observed that when BED treatment and diabetes management were synergistically integrated, they experienced improvements in both binge eating and glycemic outcomes. This integration included reframing negative thoughts surrounding BED and diabetes self-management and increasing their understanding of how the two disorders were connected.
Conclusions
Findings highlight the importance of increasing healthcare providers’ awareness of and screening for BED in the treatment of diabetes and for developing specific integrated interventions that address both diagnoses.
Eksplorasi Kulit Kacang Tanah Menjadi Produk Lampu
Authors: Alia Gita Sudradjat  , Andry Masri
Published: February 2022

Kacang tanah adalah salah satu jenis kacang yang banyak dikonsumsi, baik dalam masakan dan makanan, hingga sebagai cemilan. Sedangkan kulitnya hanya menjadi limbah. Namun bila melihat keunikan karakteristiknya secara visual, kulit kacang tanah dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi material suatu produk. Tujuan desain pada proyek ini yaitu untuk menghasilkan desain produk lampu hias dengan memanfaatkan karakteristik material kulit kacang tanah. Metode yang digunakan yaitu eksplorasi material, dengan tahapan melakukan perlakuan secara fisik maupun kimia untuk diamati efek/respon secara visual yang ditawarkan oleh kulit kacang. Beberapa alternatif perlakuan tersebut kemudian dipilih yang paling menarik dan dijadikan modul untuk diperbanyak. Selanjutnya, dilakukan percobaan beberapa metode menyambungkan modul hingga mencapai komposisi tertentu. Proses selanjutnya adalah menambahkan komponen pelengkap seperti lampu agar dapat berfungsi sebagai lighting. Hasil akhir produk lampu dari material kulit kacang tanah, saat menyala memberikan tampilan visual yang unik karena cahaya yang keluar dari celah kulit kacang dan juga karakteristiknya yang tembus cahaya. Dari hasil proyek yang dilakukan, material non-konvensional dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi suatu produk unik yang memanfaatkan karakteristiknya.
Analisis Perbandingan Kemasan Berkelanjutan Berbahan Dasar Material Alam
Authors: Nanda Nini Anggalih
Published: February 2022

Akhir-akhir ini isu keberlanjutan atau sustainability menjadi topik hangat yang sering diperbincangkan, terutama karena meningkatnya jumlah sampah, khususnya sampah kemasan. Kemasan mempunyai daya rusak yang sangat besar bagi lingkungan. Bersamaan dengan berbagai masalah pencemaran lingkungan oleh karena sampah industri maupun sampah rumah tangga, produsen dan industri kemasan dituntut untuk mencari bahan baku atau membuat kemasan-kemasan tertentu yang ramah lingkungan. Kemasan yang less damaging semakin diminati dan dan hal tersebut dinilai sangat efektif dalam pemasaran dan memicu banyaknya riset pengembangan kemasan ramah lingkungan di kemudian hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana merek atau produsen kemasan menggunakan prinsip-prinsip sustainability dalam mengembangkan produk maupun kemasannya sehingga dapat memenuhi kebutuhan fungsional dan ekonomi tanpa mengorbankan masa depan ekosistem. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan metode analitis kualitatif berdasarkan data yang terkumpul kemudian dijabarkan secara deskriptif dengan membandingkan ketiga objek penelitian sebagai studi kasus. Hasil penelitian dapat dijadikan pertimbangan dalam memilih bahan kemasan terutama guidance dan tatacara manajemen supply chain serta siklus kemasan untuk menghasilkan produk yang berkelanjutan.
Perancangan Improvisasi Desain Rak Saji Menggunakan Metode Penggabungan dari Mekanisme Komposit Resin 108 dan Kayu
Authors: Maria Valensia Tanjaya  , Winta Adhitia Guspara
Published: February 2022

China identik dengan perayaannya yang penuh dengan ornamen dan filosofi-filosofinya. Biasanya perayaan China tidak lepas dari acara makan bersama. Pada acara tersebut biasanya terdapat rak saji yang digunakan untuk menaruh makanan. Keindahan dari rak saji China juga perlu diperhatikan agar makanan yang disajikan menjadi lebih menggugah selera dan keindahannya sesuai dengan filosofi China yaitu elemen-elemen alam. Elemen-elemen itu adalah air, kayu, logam, tanah, dan api. Selain itu, tak hanya pada desainnya saja namun fungsi rak saji juga perlu diperhatikan. Pada umumnya rak saji hanya sebagai tempat menaruh makanan pada proses serving sedangkan hal-hal penunjang proses serving tidak ada dalam satu kesatuan rak saji. Melihat keadaan rak saji dikembangkan desainnya, resin dan kayu bisa menjadi alternatif untuk mengimprovisasi desain rak rak saji China. Resin bisa menjadi implementasi dari elemen air dan keberadaan kayu memperkuat filosofi elemen China. Resin sintetis 108 merupakan cairan komposit kental yang bening dan memerlukan katalis untuk proses pengerasannya. Resin perlu digabungkan dengan material berpori untuk memperkuat strukturnya. Maka dari itu kayu cocok untuk dijadikan penguat (reinforcement) bagi resin (matrik). Metode penelitian yang dipakai untuk mengumpulkan data dan perancangan adalah SCAMPER, studi literatur, observasi, dan wawancara langsung dengan pengrajin resin. Hasil paling baik yang diperoleh adalah rak saji China bermaterial resin dan kayu dapat mem-improvisasi desain rak saji menjadi lebih lengkap dalam proses serving yaitu dengan mewujudkan piring saji, serving tool container (tempat garpu dan piring), dan tempat hand sanitizer.
Desain Ambulans Air Modern Untuk Wilayah Kepulauan
Authors: Rosalina
Published: February 2022

Kepulauan Karimunjawa terdiri dari gugusan kepulauan dengan 5 pulau berpenghuni yang secara administratif masuk kedalam wilayah Kabupaten Jepara. Minimnya pelayanan kesehatan di Kepulauan Karimunjawa membuat warga Karimunjawa dengan kondisi kesehatan kritis dirujuk ke pulau utama, yaitu Pulau Jawa dimana terdapat fasilitas kesehatan yang lebih lengkap. Hal tersebut sulit dilakukan dengan belum tersedianya transportasi medik khususnya untuk penyebrangan dari Kepulauan Karimunjawa yang berjarak 87 km dari pusat Kota Jepara di Pulau Jawa. Perancangan SEA (Safe Escorting Ambulance) didasari dengan tujuan keberhasilan penanganan pasien gawat darurat dengan respon cepat agar mengurangi angka kematian dan kecacatan pada pasien. SEA (Safe Escorting Ambulance) adalah pengembangan ambulans air dengan mengusung prinsip dasar dari penanganan gawat darurat yakni ‘time saving is life and limb saving’. Inti utama dari perancangan ini adalah ambulans air yang memudahkan mobilitas pasien menggunakan fitur landing craft, ambulans air berkecepatan tinggi dan kabin modular yang dapat dikonfigurasi sesuai dengan kebutuhan user. Pemilihan tema pada SEA (Safe Escorting Ambulance) mengusung tema origami dengan mengadaptasi 9 karakteristik dari seni origami yakni  stowability, portability, deployability, pengurangan bagian, manufakturabilitas dari lembaran material, folding, pengurangan perakitan, kemudahan miniaturisasi, dan volume beserta massa material yang rendah. Ambulans air ini menggunakan aplikasi gaya futuristik yang dilatarbelakangi oleh pencarian sebuah karakter desain yang dapat membuat produk transportasi memiliki desain yang berorientasi pada kemajuan zaman dan kecepatan gerak.
Perancangan Radio Untuk Penyandang Tunanetra
Authors: Regina Nursyafitri  , Sulistyo Setiawan  , M. Djalu Djatmiko  , Dedy Ismail
Published: February 2022

Indonesia merupakan negara yang menduduki peringkat kedua di dunia yang memiliki jumlah penduduk tunanetra yaitu sebanyak 3,5 juta jiwa. Di antara mereka ada yang masih memiliki keluarga, tetapi ada juga yang sudah ditinggalkan oleh keluarganya. Mereka yang ditinggalkan itu dititipkan di panti khusus disabilitas. Dalam menjalani kehidupannya mereka membutuhkan alat bantu antara lain, alat bantu baca dan tongkat bantu berjalan seperti yang sudah banyak ditemukan di pasaran. Orang penyandang disabilitas juga dikenal memiliki perasaan yang sensitif, sehingga mereka membutuhkan hiburan. Salah satu dari produk yang dapat menghibur namun belum ditemukannya rancangan khusus untuk mereka yaitu radio. Produk radio yang ada belum memberikan fitur yang dapat memudahkan mereka ketika mengoperasionalkannya. Berangkat dari permasalahan tersebut, penulis melakukan penelitian dengan tujuan menghasilkan radio khusus untuk penyandang tunanetra yang prosedur penelitiannya diawali dengan pengumpulan data (primer dan sekunder), analisis data, dan diakhiri dengan pengembangan desain. Untuk mendukung penelitian ini data diambil dari para penyandang tunanetra yang tinggal di Balai Rehabilitasi Sosial Penyandang Disabilitas Sensorik Netra Wyata Guna, Bandung dengan teknik wawancara, dan observasi aktivitas antara lain saat mereka mengoperasionalkan alat elektronik.
Perancangan Koleksi Busana Ready-to-Wear dengan Inspirasi Home Gardening sebagai Self-Healing
Authors: I.A.P. Chintya Dharmasanti  , Christabel Annora Paramita Parung  , Markus Hartono  , Siti Zahro
Published: February 2022

Adanya pembatasan sosial yang digalakkan pemerintah selama masa pandemi membuat terbatasnya interaksi manusia dengan lingkungan sosialnya. Hal ini tidak hanya berdampak terhadap sektor kesehatan fisik dan perekonomian saja, tetapi juga kesehatan mental masyarakat. Salah satu kegiatan yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat pada masa pandemi sebagai relaksasi adalah berkebun di rumah atau lebih dikenal dengan home gardening. Home Gardening dapat dikategorikan sebagai salah satu dari sekian banyak aktivitas untuk self-healing selama masa pandemi. Dengan demikian, tujuan dari artikel ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan perancangan koleksi ready-to-wear dengan inspirasi home-gardening sebagai self-healing masyarakat Indonesia saat pandemi berlangsung. Perancangan dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu membuat moodboard, melakukan analisa visual yang terkait dengan inspirasi, menentukan material, bahan, dan teknik yang akan digunakan, serta mendesain koleksi busana ready-to-wear itu sendiri. Berdasarkan dari perencanaan tersebut menghasilkan desain koleksi ready-to-wear dengan memasukkan elemen-elemen tumbuhan sebagai embellishment dimana dapat dikenakan pada saat mereka melakukan aktivitas yang santai.
Desain Carbody Interurban Bus bertipe Medium-Deck sebagai Optimalisasi Visibilitas
Authors: Gilang Tirta Kurnia  , Endro Tri Susanto  , Nor Jayadi
Published: February 2022

Bus merupakan transportasi massal yang populer di Indonesia karena memiliki fleksibilitas tinggi dan juga tarif yang cukup terjangkau. Berkembangnya infrastruktur juga memicu perkembangan transportasi bus, mulai dari tren bus high-deck yang dibuat untuk memperluas ruang bagasi bawah, dan juga model double-glass yang seolah-olah bus normal terlihat seperti bus tingkat. Dengan perkembangan desain dan juga fungsi yang ada di kebanyakan bus antar kota maupun pariwisata di Indonesia, tidak terlepas dari masalah-masalah yang belum dapat diselesaikan, seperti keberadaan model double-glass yang memiliki sekat kaca di depan tentu mengganggu visibilitas dari pengguna baik penumpang maupun driver. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut, perancangan Interurban Bus atau bus antarkota dengan tipe medium-deck floor ini dilakukan sebagai pembaruan model single-glass yang telah dianggap kuno agar menjadi solusi dari permasalahan visibilitas penumpang dan driver terhadap pandangan ke kaca depan, namun tetap mempertimbangkan aspek kenyamanan serta keamanan.
Perancangan Tas Multifungsi Untuk Keperluan Touring Dan Membawa Barang Bagi Pengendara Motor Sport Di Surabaya “Backpack Tank”
Authors: Arby Maulana  , Kresno Soelasmono  , Wyna Herdiana  , Brian Kurniawan Jaya
Published: February 2022

Produk ini diciptakan berawal dari kesulitan yang dihadapi oleh pengendara motor Sport khususnya daerah Kota Surabaya, kesulitan yang dialami yaitu membawa barang bawaan ketika mengendarai motor Sport, dikarenakan bentuk motor sport yang memiliki ruangan terbatas karena terdapat body motor yang membatasi. Kemudian banyaknya terjadi kecelakaan dikarenakan ketika memaksakan membawa barang bawaan ketika berkendara motor Sport kemudian barang bawaan terjatuh menyebabkan hilangnya fokus pengendara dan membahayakan pengendara sekitar. Memiliki tujuan untuk membantu para pengendara motor sport membawa barang bawaan dengan baik, nyaman, dan aman. Kemudian mengurangi tingkat kecelakaan ketika berkendara. Penelitian ini dilakukan penelitian kepada para pencinta / komunitas motor sport kota Surabaya, dan para pemilik motor sport pada umumnya, tentang kesulitan seperti apa yang mereka alami ketika berkendara sambal membawa barang dan produk tas seperti apa yang mereka butuhkan ketika berkendara. Dari wawancara kepada komunitas motor sport dan pemilik motor sport kota Surabaya memiliki beberapa keluhan serta memiliki keinginan untuk mendapatkan produk Tas / alat bantu membawa barang yang layak, dan juga memiliki desain yang futuristik dimana agar ketika digunakan tetap selaras / serasi dengan design motor sport mereka masing-masing. Produk tas dengan nama Backpack Tank akan membantu membawa barang barang bawaan ketika mengendarai motor sport dengan nyaman dan aman serta mengurangi kecelakaan.
¿Son culpables los altos mandos de promever ejecuciones extrajudiciales en Colombia?
Authors: Castillo Valencia María , Durán Sebastián
Published: February 2022

El objetivo de este trabajo es estudiar la naturaleza de las ejecuciones extrajudiciales en Colombia, teniendo como hipótesis que estas acciones no fueron hechos aislados, sino que, por el contrario, pudieron ser ordenadas por los altos mandos militares. La revisión de literatura y la evidencia obtenida de los relatos y denuncias de sus protagonistas muestran que estos hechos ocurrieron bajo la dirección de algunos mandos medios y superiores. Usando el enfoque teórico del modelo de principal-agente, desarrollado por DeMeritt (2015), se muestra que la impunidad de la que gozaban los oficiales de alto rango del Ejército colombiano llevó a la comisión de estos crímenes de manera sistemática. Por tanto, su solución no se remite tan solo al control –ya que gran parte de la estructura militar estaba involucrada–, sino a la reestructuración de la política que mide el éxito de la unidad militar mediante el número de bajas humanas.
Assessing the relationship between non-cash payments and various economic indicators
Authors: Kredina Anna , Nurymova Saule , Satybaldin Azimkhan , Kireyeva Anel
Published: February 2022

This study is aimed at evaluating the correlation between determinants of non-cash payments (ATMs, number of bank branches, and number of mobile phone users) and various economic indicators (broad money, inflation, consumer prices) as well as further studying which of the factors and to what extent influence each other in different periods. Non-cash payments are provided by ATMs. The sample considers panel data on nine developing countries. The data for calculation were taken from The World Bank, for Kazakhstan – from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The data collected during the study were analyzed using the SPSS software. Spearman’s correlation analysis was used. The results obtained in the empirical study briefly showed that the alternative hypothesis is confirmed for the period 2004–2009 (that the existing relationships are significant), at the same time, the null hypothesis was confirmed in terms of the level of significance for the period 2019–2020. Accordingly, this study showed that modern developments differ from those provided earlier and financial technology transformation is still in the process. The results of this study also indicated the need for further studies of non-traditional measures of financial development, which can lead to sustainable economic growth in the post-crisis period. AcknowledgmentsThe study was carried out within the framework of program targeted IRN OR11465433 funding by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan “Development of the concept and mechanisms of balanced territorial development of the economy and society of Kazakhstan”.
O PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA POR COVID-19: UMA PERCEPÇÃO DOS ESTUDANTES NO ENSINO SUPERIOR
Authors: Gava Andrêza Luiza , Da Silva Lopes Bravo Pinheiro Maria Deuceny , Borsoi Agrizzi de Matos Lorena
Published: February 2022

O direito à educação é positivado na Constituição Federal de 1988 como uma garantia fundamental, e além disso, também é um direito social, visto que está arrolado no artigo sexto da carta constitucional brasileira. Assim sendo, por estar inserido no rol dos direitos fundamentais, merece a mesma consideração desses para ter plena eficácia e aplicação imediata. Posto isso, a pandemia mundial causada pelo novo Coronavírus transformou totalmente a rotina dos estudantes e professores do ensino superior brasileiro. Nesse contexto, para evitar a contaminação da nova doença, os governos ao redor do mundo, inclusive do Brasil, determinaram emergencialmente o fechamento das instituições de ensino. Tendo em vista as medidas sanitárias adotadas, as faculdades e universidades tiveram de se adaptar rapidamente para atender às novas demandas trazidas pela pandemia, e como solução emergencial, adotaram o modelo de ensino remoto. A partir desse novo cenário, foi necessário repensar todo o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, assim como os métodos avaliativos, para que se ajustasse às restrições impostas pela crise sanitária causada pela Covid-19. Dentro dessa perspectiva, o presente artigo discute como o modelo de ensino remoto emergencial modificou a forma de desenvolver e estruturar o ensino superior e as diferentes percepções dos acadêmicos sobre esta nova modalidade de ensino. A pesquisa é resultante de uma análise bibliográfica e documental, pautada em diferentes pesquisas nacionais e internacionais envolvendo a temática, com enfoque especial, àquelas focadas no olhar dos discentes sobre esta nova realidade. Os resultados apontam similitudes e divergências entre as Instituições de Ensino Superior pública e privada, as formas de regulamentação e monitoramento das aulas remotas e as peculiaridades inerentes a cada IES, para garantir o direito à Educação.
AVALIAÇÃO DO ENSINO ONLINE EM TEMPOS DE PANDEMIA ATRAVÉS DA SATISFAÇÃO E INSATISFAÇÃO DOS DOCENTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS
Authors: Viana Milena De Jesus , Silva Sueli Luz , Dos Santos Hudson Costa , Prado Ezequiel De Brito , Chaves Renato Novaes
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: Investigar os desafios enfrentados pelos docentes na modalidade de ensino em formato online em tempos de isolamento social, mediante satisfação e insatisfação. Métodos: A pesquisa tem caráter quantitativo, descritivo de corte transversal, realizado em uma Instituição de Ensino Superior do Estado da Bahia, com 38 docentes a partir de um questionário online distribuído através do Google Forms. Teve aprovação do CEP FAINOR, nº 4.577.437 em 08/03/2021. Resultados: Prevalência do sexo feminino (71%), idade entre 29 e 39 anos (63%), consideram seu estado de saúde atual bom (42%), boa condição física (37%), sem doenças crônicas (74%), doença respiratória (11%) e nível de estresse elevado (36%). Estão satisfeitos com as orientações referentes ao ambiente virtual (66%), com sua internet para acesso ao ambiente virtual (53%) e com suas ferramentas de acesso (71%). Estão insatisfeitos com o ensino remoto e sua manutenção (37%), com a solução dos problemas (29%), bem como com o ensino/aprendizagem (34%) e a quantidade de materiais elaborados (34%). Conclusão: Pode-se inferir que os docentes estão satisfeitos com a conectividade, a satisfação dos docentes com o ambiente virtual utilizado na manutenção das aulas no período de isolamento foi positiva, assim como as orientações para manuseio e com o acesso ao ambiente virtual, demostrando uma boa experiência com o padrão virtual de ensino e as orientações passadas pela instituição, porém vale salientar que no ponto de vista desses educadores, a modalidade remota não é satisfatória no quesito ensino/ aprendizagem, julgando o mesmo como um ensino de má qualidade, o que é demonstrado na insatisfação com as provas feitas de forma remota, se sentem também insatisfeitos com o modelo remoto e com a sobrecarga de trabalho.
Military and political print propaganda of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 16th–17th centuries: Printers in the royal service
Authors:   The National Library of Russia, Prokhorenkov Igor Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2022

During the last five years of the Livonian War the number of new printed anti-Moscow leaflets has been noticeably increased in Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This phenomenon could be explained by the purposeful policy of Stephen Bathory. The most important vectors of this policy were preserved during the reign of Sigismund III. The article analyzes basic principles of interaction between the royal court and polish-lithuanian printers in the last quarter of the 16th century. Previously polish royal court used only a system of publishing privilege to regulate the work of typographers. Starting from the reign of Stephen Bathory, we could notice the new stage of collaboration between the central authority and typographers. In particular, in 1577 appeared the first mobile state press in Polish history. The role of this typography in the war propaganda of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth is examined in article. Another important factor of the history of the Polish political press, which is discussed in papers, is the circumstances of the establishment of the position of «archtypographer» by king Sigismund III Vasa. Numerous personal innovations of Polish monarchs determined the appearance of the system of relations between the state and private printing houses for the next century.
Are there any Glagolitic letters in two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina and on stones from Bregalnica valley?
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mikheev Savva Mikhaylovich ,   School for Advanced Studies in the Humanities (RANEPA)
Published: February 2022

Two inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina (from the vicinities of Livno and Ljubuški) and a group of graffiti from the Bregalnica river basin in the eastern part of North Macedonia are examined in this paper. It has been suggested by previous scholars that all of these inscriptions contain Glagolitic letters. The first part of the paper offers grammatical analysis and a new translation of the inscription on the tomb of a priest named Těhodrag. The tomb was unearthed in 2003 around Livno, 50 km northeast of Split. In the second section the author examines the graphics of the donor inscription on the Humac tablet from the vicinity of Ljubuški, 30 km southwest of Mostar, and proposes a revised reading of the text. The third part offers an interpretation of enigmatic signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, northeast of Štip. The author comes to the conclusion that none of the examined epigraphic sources contain Glagolitic letters. Both inscriptions from Bosnia and Herzegovina are in Cyrillic with some letters written in mirror image. The letter «есть» is turned 180 degrees in both graffiti, and there is one mirror «вѣдѣ» and two mirror «нашь» at the end of the inscription on the Humac tablet. The abundance of mirror-image letters probably stems from the unique shape of the Humac inscription itself: its tiered lines go around the fours sides of the tablet, forming something like a squared spiral. As for the supposedly «Glagolitic» signs on stones from the Bregalnica river basin, closer study reveals that they are tamgas, most likely carved by bearers of the Turkic cultural tradition, the Bulgars.
About the armament of the Polish knights once again
Authors:   University of Lodz, Grabarczyk Tadeusz
Published: February 2022

In the years 2016–2018, a three-volume work «Knight in war, travel and the accomodation» was published in Poland. The author of this trilogy is Jan Szymczak, Professor Emeritus at the University of Lodz (Poland). In the first two volumes, he discussed the armament and equipment of knights in medieval Poland from the 10th to the 16th century. In the first volume, the author deals with defensive weapons, in the second ― offensive. The author paid much attention to the issue of terminology related to weapons. He tries to explain the nomenclature that appears in the sources, to explain the origin of the names of weapons that appeared in Polish. In the discussed books, a lot of space is devoted to issues related to the production and prices of weapons. In the third volume, the author also deals with horses and riding gear. However, on the pages of the book we find not only information about the knight’s equipment, but also a lot of space is devoted to weapons used by citizens, peasants and mercenary soldiers. The reader will also find in this study a lot of information not only about Polish army, but also about armies of other countries of medieval Europe. On the pages of J. Szymczak’s works, we find not only the parameters of weapons and examples of their use in battles, but he also shows them as an important element of court and religious ceremonies. Although the work is dedicated to the Polish knighthood, in it there are references to ancient cultures or medieval European literature. The work contains a very rich bibliography, including handwritten and printed sources, as well as a very large selection of literature.
An efficient and economic desilitation strategy for reservoir sustainable development under the threat of extreme flooding threaten
Authors: Hung Chia-Ching , Lai Jihn-Sung , Huang Cheng-Chia
Published: February 2022

Severe sediment disaster has already been observed locally and worldwide, and serious disasters will happen increasingly in the future due to climate change. Hence, developing a proper reservoir desilitation strategy is an urgent priority to ensure sustainable water resources development worldwide. This study aims to investigate the release efficiency of the bypass tunnel in the reservoir. Firstly, a 2D numerical model was adapted to reproduce the most severe sedimentation disaster due to Typhoon Aere and obtain a reliable result compared with the measured data. Then, the concept of climate change was embedded to understand the release capability of the bypass tunnel under slight to worst scenarios. Finally, the bypass tunnel is demonstrated to be effective in releasing sediment during typhoon periods and prolonging the reservoir lifespan. In conclusion, this study proposes a proper solution to reservoir sedimentation during extreme flooding events. The optimization of water resources and economic benefits can help reservoir management achieve the goal of sustainable development. The presented research can be promoted in the worldwide reservoir to face the possibly severe sediment disaster under the threat of climate change.
Spatiotemporal evolution and the driving factors of meteorological drought in the Hun-Taizi River basin, NE China
Authors: Yue Shupeng , Yang Fengtian , Sheng Xiaodan
Published: February 2022

The evolution of meteorological drought under global warming is of great significance to drought risk management. Meanwhile, driving factors that influence hydrological factors and water cycle processes play an important role in meteorological drought risk assessment. The Hun-Taizi River basin (HTRB) is a region seriously troubled by drought in China. Therefore, we reveal the evolution characteristics of meteorological drought and its driving factors. First, the standardized precipitation index (SPI) was adopted to characterize the evolution characteristics of meteorological drought. Meanwhile, copula functions with the highest goodness of fit were established to calculate the return period of meteorological drought. Then, the relationships between the SPI and the climatic phenomena were reflected by the cross-wavelet transform method to reveal the driving factors of meteorological drought. The results showed that (1) the meteorological drought of the HTRB varied greatly in different periods, and drought aggravated during spring and autumn; (2) the meteorological drought in the western, northwestern and southeastern regions of the HTRB was characterized by high frequency, short duration and low severity, while that in the other regions was characterized by low frequency, long duration and high severity; (3) the co-occurrence return periods of mild, moderate and severe drought were 1.9, 4.7 and 32.8 years and the joint return periods were 1.5, 3.0 and 9.3 years, respectively; (4) solar activity (sunspot), El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Arctic Oscillation (AO) were strongly correlated with drought evolution in the HTRB.
Efficiency of a flocculent consisting of bentonite clay and fly ash for the removal of pollutants in AMD
Authors: Ntwampe I. O.
Published: February 2022

Acid mine drainage was collected from the western decant in Krugersdorp, South Africa, to conduct a series of laboratory tests using 200 mL of AMD in five beakers dosed with increasing bentonite clay and decreasing pulverised fly ash respectively (flocculent-A) to establish accurate FA:BC dosing ratio. Two similar sets of experiments were conducted using a combination of bentonite clay and fly ash demineralized with distilled water (flocculent-B) and the other samples with tap water (flocculent-C). The pH, electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity and toxic metals were analyzed before and after experiments, i.e. As, Co, Zn and Pb, and treated in a jar test at 250 rpm for 2 min and reduced to 100 rpm for 10 min, allowed to settle for 1 hour after which the measurements were conducted. Turbidity removal of the samples of flocculent-A was slightly lower (72.5–75.1%) compared to that of flocculent-B and C (95.3–97.3%). On the other hand, FA:BC of 3:1 showed the highest turbidity removal. Toxic metals removal (85.9–94.8%) in the samples with flocculent-B and C is also higher compared to that of flocculent A. The SEM micrographs of the samples with flocculent-B and C showed large flocs indicating optimal sorption.
Altered Expression and In Vivo Activity of mGlu5 Variant a Receptors in
the Striatum of BTBR Mice: Novel Insights Into the Pathophysiology of
Adult Idiopathic Forms of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Matrisciano Francesco , Locci Valentina , Dong Erbo , Nicoletti Ferdinando , Guidotti Alessandro , Grayson Dennis R.
Published: February 2022

Background:

mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors are considered as candidate drug
targets in the treatment of “monogenic” forms of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), such as Fragile-
X syndrome (FXS). However, despite promising preclinical data, clinical trials using mGlu5 receptor
antagonists to treat FXS showed no beneficial effects.

Objective:

Here, we studied the expression and function of mGlu5 receptors in the striatum of adult
BTBR mice, which model idiopathic forms of ASD, and behavioral phenotype.

Methods:

Behavioral tests were associated with biochemistry analysis including qPCR and western
blot for mRNA and protein expression. In vivo analysis of polyphosphoinositides hydrolysis was
performed to study the mGlu5-mediated intracellular signaling in the striatum of adult BTBR mice
under basal conditions and after MTEP exposure.

Results:

Expression of mGlu5 receptors and mGlu5 receptor-mediated polyphosphoinositides hydrolysis
were considerably high in the striatum of BTBR mice, sensitive to MTEP treatment. Changes in the
expression of genes encoding for proteins involved in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission and
synaptic plasticity, including Fmr1, Dlg4, Shank3, Brd4, bdnf-exon IX, Mef2c, and Arc, GriA2,
Glun1, Nr2A, and Grm1, Grm2, GriA1, and Gad1 were also found. Behaviorally, BTBR mice showed
high repetitive stereotypical behaviors, including self-grooming and deficits in social interactions.
Acute or repeated injections with MTEP reversed the stereotyped behavior and the social interaction
deficit. Similar effects were observed with the NMDA receptor blockers MK-801 or ketamine.

Conclusion:

These findings support a pivotal role of mGlu5 receptor abnormal expression and function
in idiopathic ASD adult forms and unveil novel potential targets for therapy.
Research on the Anti-tumor Activity of a Novel Aminopeptidase Inhibitor
Based on 3D QSAR Model
Authors: Meng Liqiang , Ou-Yang Yanhong , Lv Fuyin , Song Jiarong , Yao Jianxin
Published: February 2022

Background:

Aminopeptidase N (APN) is a type II transmembrane zinc ion-dependent metalloprotease.
It is closely related to many processes of tumor occurrence and development, such as the formation
of new blood vessels and tumor metastasis. Recent studies have shown that APN is a member of
the family of surface markers of liver cancer stem cells. Therefore, APN small molecule inhibitors may
have multiple compound functions, exerting multiple anti-tumor effects at multiple stages of cancer occurrence
and development.

Methods:

Comparative Molecular Field Analysis (CoMFA) and Comparative Molecular Similarity Indices
Analysis (CoMSIA) approaches were employed in the study.

Results:

Both internal and external cross-validations were conducted to obtain high predictive and satisfactory
CoMFA model (q2 = 0.627, r2 = 0.995, SEE = 0.043) and CoMSIA model (q2 = 0.575, r2 = 0.998,
SEE = 0.031) values. The statistical results obtained from CoMFA and CoMSIA models were found to be
credible and having remarkable predictive power.

Conclusion:

The results of 3D-QSAR are reliable and significant with high predictive (q2) ability, and a
lower value of the standard error of estimation indicates a good correlation between predicted and observed
activity. All these results have revealed many useful structural insights to improve the activity of
the newly designed APN small molecule inhibitors.