bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inner-filter effect of nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots–MnO2 nanotubes for smartphone-integrated dual-mode sensing of glutathione and captopril
Authors: Kujur Ankita B. , Satnami Manmohan L. , Chawre Yogyata , Miri Pinki , Sinha Akash , Nagwanshi Rekha , Karbhal Indrapal , Ghosh Kallol K. , Pervez Shamsh , Deb Manas Kanti
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (N-CQDs) exhibit unique fluorescence properties and are considered one of the best candidates for the development of fluorescence-based sensors for the detection of many analytes.
Multi-phosphine-chelated iron-carbide clusters via redox-promoted ligand exchange on an inert hexa-iron-carbide carbonyl cluster, [Fe6(μ6-C)(μ2-CO)4(CO)12]2−
Authors: Cobb Caitlyn R. , Ngo Ren K. , Dick Emily J. , Lynch Vincent M. , Rose Michael J.
Published: June 2024

We report the reactivity, structures and spectroscopic characterization of reactions of phosphine-based ligands (mono-, di- and tri-dentate) with iron-carbide-carbonyl clusters.
Development of non-closed silver clusters by transition-metal-coordination-cluster substituted polyoxometalate templates
Authors: Ge Rui , Cai Ping-Wei , Sun Cai , Sun Yan-Qiong , Li Xin-Xiong , Zheng Shou-Tian
Published: June 2024

Using transition-metal-coordination-cluster-substituted polyoxometalates as templates, four kinds of rare non-closed silver cluster species are obtained, demonstrating a promising strategy for the development of uncommon non-closed silver clusters.
A de novo zwitterionic strategy of ultra-stable chemiluminescent probes: highly selective sensing of singlet oxygen in FDA-approved phototherapy
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhang Yutao , Wu Xia , Pu Ruihua , Yan Chenxu , Liu Weimin , Liu Xiaogang , Guo Zhiqian , Zhu Wei-Hong
Published: June 2024

A zwitterionic chemiluminescence strategy makes a breakthrough in highly selective sensing of 1O2 towards FDA-approved phototherapy through suppressing inherent photo-induced side reactions.
Green and sustainable devulcanization of ground tire rubber using choline chloride–urea deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Ramezani Hesam , Scarpa Fabrizio , Zhang Qicheng , Ji Wenfei , Khorramshokouh Afifeh , Rochat Sebastien , Eloi Jean-Charles , Harniman Robert L. , Thakur Vijay K.
Published: June 2024

The reduction of time and energy consumption of existing green recycling methods while increasing the amount of production output.
Reinforcing the stability of cobalt-free lithium-rich layered oxides via Li-poor Ni-rich surface transformation
Authors: Chen Guanjun , Yu Linwei , Gan Yihang , Zeng Chunlin , Cheng Xiaolei , Xian Linjie , Li Linshuo , Zhang Qian , Dai Chengzhi , Li Yan , Zhao Ruotong , Yang Zhilong , Qiu Jinghan , Tang Weiming , Zeng Weihao , Liu Fusheng , Wan Jiayu , Yang Jinlong
Published: June 2024

We report a lithium-rich layered oxide Li1.2Mn0.6Ni0.2O2 (LMNO) with an electrochemically stable Li-poor nickel-rich surface by simple excessive calcination treatment, greatly suppressing the surface side reactions and Mn-ion dissolution.
Analysis of the mechanism for enhanced crystalline quality of wide-bandgap Cu(In,Ga)Se2 films by pre-deposited Ag
Authors: Yao Yifeng , Liu Yunfeng , Ma Jingyi , Yang Xiao , Meng He , Liu Fangfang , Zhang Yunxiang , Shi Jiangjian , Meng Qingbo , Liu Wei
Published: June 2024

Ag doping achieves high-quality wide-bandgap CIGS films by controlling the (In,Ga)2Se3 film growth preference and Ag–Cu ion exchange process.
Recent advances in upgrading CO2 to C3+ products via electrochemical and complementary engineering
Authors: Zhong Xian , Peng Hong-Jie , Xia Chuan , Liu Xinyan
Published: June 2024

This review summarizes the latest advances in material development and process design for electrochemically upgrading CO2 to value-added C3+ chemicals.
A well-defined supported Pt nanoparticle catalyst for heterogeneous catalytic surface science
Authors: Kim Taek-Seung , O'Connor Christopher R. , Le Samantha L. , Reece Christian
Published: June 2024

A well-defined 2 nm Pt/SiO2 catalyst that can be dynamically modified without irreversibly changing the underlying structure in reductive and oxidative environments, but that rapidly sinters under reaction conditions.
Elucidating synergistic mechanisms of an anion–cation electrolyte additive for ultra-stable zinc metal anodes
Authors: Yuan Chenbo , Xiao Jin , Liu Cong , Zhan Xiaowen
Published: June 2024

The present work presents a multi-functional 0.2 M NaI electrolyte additive to suppress Zn dendrites and water-induced parasitic reactions in aqueous Zn metal batteries, featuring an astonishing Zn deposition/stripping cyclability of 8632 h.
Progress and challenges: a review of ionic liquid treatment for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells
Authors: Ma Jintao , Wang Lin , He Kun , Sun Yan , Li Bixin , Zhao Qiangli , Du Bin
Published: June 2024

While perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have achieved remarkable power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) exceeding 26.1%, significant challenges remain in enhancing their efficiency and stability for commercial viability.
Optimized SM4 Hardware Implementations for Low Area Consumption
Authors: Zhang Ruolin , Xiang Zejun , Zhang Shasha , Zeng Xiangyong , Song Min
Published: June 2024

The SM4 block cipher is standardized in ISO/IEC, and it is also the national standard of commercial cryptography in China. In this paper, we propose two new techniques called “split‐and‐join” and “off‐peak and stagger” to make SM4 more applicable to resource‐constrained environments. The area optimization method uses a 1‐bit data path while reducing the number of registers from 64 to 8 and the number of XOR gates from 194 to 8. As a result, we report a 1‐bit‐serial SM4 encryption circuit that occupies 1771 GE with a latency of 2,336 cycles. Additionally, the “off‐peak and stagger” technique compresses all the operations within the state update and key schedule into 32 clock cycles to reduce the latency. In other words, it takes 32 clock cycles to complete one round encryption. The new circuit occupies 1861 GE with a latency of 1,344 cycles. Moreover, we also discuss how to further reduce the latency by increasing the data path with a small area overhead to provide wider area‐latency tradeoffs for SM4. Our designs make SM4 competitive with many ciphers specifically designed for lightweight cryptography.
Experimental verification of nonreciprocal electromagnetic metasurface in a finite‐size array
Authors: Takahagi Kazuhiro , Tennant Alan
Published: June 2024

This paper presents experimental verification results for a finite‐sized array of a simple non‐reciprocal metasurface elements. The metasurface elements consists of ferrite loaded metal patches. Experimental results demonstrate nonreciprocity, achieving isolation exceeding 20 dB at 6.4 GHz in a 2×2 array. Additionally, these findings are compared with simulation results for a 4×4 array to validate its practicality in a finite array setting.
Future‐proofing city power grids: FID‐based efficient interconnection strategies for major load‐centred environments
Authors: Guo Peiqian , Tian Zhongbei , Yuan Zhichang , Qu Lu , Zhang Xiao‐Yu , Zhang Xiao‐Ping
Published: June 2024

The flexible interconnection device (FID) offers significant advantages for interconnecting different distribution networks flexibly. This paper focuses on the significant advantages offered by the FID for interconnecting different distribution networks flexibly. It specifically delves into FID‐based multi‐voltage and multi‐substation distribution networks, proposing a preferable scheme applicable to major load‐centred cities. Beginning with an analysis of constructed FID‐based flexible interconnected distribution network projects, key configurations and features are summarized. Subsequently, typical configurations, electrical parameters, facilities, relevant power functionalities, and application scenarios of multi‐voltage multi‐substation distribution networks are outlined. Building upon this foundation, a suitable interconnection scheme tailored for current urban use is explored to meet the specific needs of load‐centred cities, while incorporating recent advancements in high‐power‐density IGCT technology. An EMT model of a 10 kV/10 MW IGCT‐based four‐substation distribution network is developed in PSCAD/EMTDC. Through thorough analysis under different conditions, the operational performance and benefits are evaluated, providing insights into the efficiency and resilience of the proposed FID‐based interconnection. Lastly, challenges and prospects are discussed from various perspectives to advance the development of FID‐based flexible interconnection solutions. This study aims to contribute to the advancement and implementation of robust interconnection solutions to meet the evolving needs of major load‐centred cities.
Constraining the stellar masses and origin of the protostellar VLA 1623 system
Authors: Sadavoy Sarah I. , Sheehan Patrick , Tobin John J. , Murillo Nadia M. , Teague Richard , Stephens Ian W. , Henning Thomas , Myers Philip C. , Bergin Edwin A.
Published: June 2024

We present ALMA Band 7 molecular line observations of the protostars within the VLA 1623 system. We detect C17O (3–2) in the circumbinary disk around VLA 1623A and the outflow cavity walls of the collimated outflow. We further detect redshifted and blueshifted velocity gradients in the circumstellar disks around VLA 1623B and VLA 1623W that are consistent with Keplerian rotation. We used the radiative transfer modelling code pdspy and simple flared disk models to measure stellar masses of 0.27 ± 0.03 M⊙, 1.9−0.2+0.3 M⊙, and 0.64 ± 0.06 M⊙ for the VLA 1623A binary, VLA 1623B, and VLA 1623W, respectively. These results represent the strongest constraints yet on stellar mass for both VLA 1623B and VLA 1623W, and the first mass measurement for all stellar components using the same tracer and methodology. We use these masses to discuss the relationship between the young stellar objects (YSOs) in the VLA 1623 system. We find that VLA 1623W is unlikely to be an ejected YSO, as has been previously proposed. While we cannot rule out that VLA 1623W is a unrelated YSO, we propose that it is a true companion star to the VLA 1623A/B system and that these stars formed in situ through turbulent fragmentation and have had only some dynamical interactions since their inception.
A TPA-TCN Prediction Model Applied In Photovoltaic Power Generation Field
Authors: Wang Jianxia , Wang Shangyue , Meng Xi , Cao Jiaqing , Wang Junjie , Liu Zhiguo
Published: June 2024

To solve the problem of large fluctuation and instability of photovoltaic power generation, a deep learning prediction model (TPA-TCN) based on temporal pattern attention mechanism (TPA) and temporal convolutional network (TCN) is proposed, and then applied to photovoltaic power generation. First of all, the k-means clustering algorithm is used to cluster historical data to obtain three typical weather types, and the model is trained by dividing test sets according to the clustering results. After TPA is introduced into the TCN model, which can capture the influence of each variable on the predicted series of the model, help the model pay better attention to the key features in the time series, improve the model’s ability to understand the data, and thus efficiently and accurately predict the short-term photovoltaic power. Combined with the measured data, the experiment results show that the TPA-TCN model has good generalization ability and high precision in different weather types.
Enhancing Substation Safety with IEC 61850-Based Real-Time Anti-Maloperation Solutions
Authors: Li Zhihuan , Guan Lin , Wei Lue , Xia Yue
Published: June 2024

This study introduces a cutting-edge solution to improve safety in substations through a real-time anti-maloperation system utilizing the IEC 61850 framework. Conventional anti-maloperation systems, largely microcomputer-based, face challenges including offline operational limits and cumbersome setup procedures, which compromise their efficiency and real-time functionality. This research explores these issues and demonstrates how the IEC 61850 standard, particularly its GOOSE messaging, can overcome these hurdles. Our analysis of the proposed real-time system showcases its superiority in functionality and technical advantages compared to existing solutions. We provide a comprehensive examination of its design, locking mechanisms, and deployment tactics, offering solutions to the drawbacks of traditional systems. By incorporating IEC 61850 and GOOSE messaging, the system enhances operational efficiency and ensures continuous monitoring and control, drastically improving the reliability and efficiency of substation anti-maloperation strategies. This novel methodology represents a significant leap forward in substation automation and safety management, offering a forward-looking perspective on safeguarding substation operations.
Trans–Pars Interarticularis Approach for Lumbar Interbody Fusion: An Efficient, Straightforward, and Minimally Invasive Surgery for Lumbar Spondylolisthesis and Stenosis
Authors: Liu Zhao-Quan , Hsieh Cheng-Ta , Chang Chih-Ju
Published: June 2024

Background Lumbar interbody fusion is a commonly applied surgical treatment for spondylolisthesis. For this procedure, various minimally invasive (MIS) approaches have been developed, including posterior lumbar interbody fusion, transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF), oblique lumbar interbody fusion, and anterior lumbar interbody fusion. In this study, we characterized the features of an MIS trans–pars interarticularis lumbar interbody fusion (TPLIF) and compared its surgical outcomes with those of MIS-TLIF.

Methods This study included 89 and 44 patients who had undergone MIS-TPLIF and MIS-TLIF, respectively, between September 2016 and December 2022. The following clinical outcomes were analyzed: operative time, blood loss, and hospitalization duration.

Results The average operative time, blood loss, and hospitalization duration for the MIS-TPLIF and MIS-TLIF groups were, respectively, 98.28 and 191.15 minutes, 41.97 and 101.85 mL, and 5.8 and 6.9 days.

Conclusion The MIS-TPLIF approach for lumbar spondylolisthesis or other degenerative diseases involves the use of the commonly available and cost-effective instrument Taylor retractor, thus enabling posterior lumbar interbody fusion to be performed with minimal invasion. This approach also confers the benefits of a short learning curve and an intuitive approach. Our results suggest that although MIS-TPLIF is noninferior to MIS-TLIF, it is easier to learn and perform than MIS-TLIF.
Exploring Ethical Dimensions in Neuropalliative Care
Authors: Gula Annie L. , Walter Jennifer K. , Morrison Wynne , Kirschen Matthew P.
Published: June 2024

Neurologic illnesses can be challenging to diagnose, involve changes in consciousness, and are often complicated by prognostic uncertainty. These disorders can affect how individuals interact with their environment, and as a result, many ethical concerns may arise related to their medical care. Key ethical issues in neuropalliative care include shared decision-making, evolving autonomy and capacity, best interest and harm principles, beneficence and nonmaleficence, futile and inappropriate care, justice and equity, and ableism. The four core principles of medical ethics, beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, and autonomy, are foundational in considering approaches to these ethical challenges. Shared decision-making is rooted in the principle of autonomy. Evolving autonomy and capacity evoke autonomy, beneficence, and nonmaleficence. The best interest and harm principles are rooted in beneficence and nonmaleficence. Questions of futility and inappropriate care are founded in the principles of nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Ableism invokes questions of nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice. Practitioners of neurology will encounter ethical challenges in their practice. Framing decisions around the core ethical principles of beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice will help clinicians navigate challenging situations while acknowledging and respecting each patient's individual story.
Understanding the Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury among Indian Young Adults
Authors: Chauhan Shivalika , Afsar Mohammed
Published: June 2024

Background Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) pose significant challenges globally. The implementation of TBI prevention programs is highly reliant on the prevalent misconceptions. There is a paucity of research exploring the misconceptions regarding TBIs among young adults in India. Therefore, the present study explores the prevalence and nature of misconceptions regarding TBIs among young adults.

Materials and Methods This prospective survey study, with 150 participants aged 18 to 25 years, utilized the Common Misconceptions about Traumatic Brain Injury questionnaire comprising 40 items across 7 domains. The data was analyzed using Jamovi (2.3.28 solid).

Results The results revealed that the participants have high rates of misconception regarding brain injury sequelae, brain damage, and seatbelt prevention and low rates regarding the posttraumatic amnesia. Overall, females exhibited a higher rate of misconceptions compared with males. Higher years of education were associated with lesser misconceptions. Prior exposure to TBI had no significant impact on overall awareness of TBI.

Conclusion This study highlights important misconceptions about TBIs among young adults. Education and gender might play a vital role in these misconceptions. These findings might inform the development of preventive modules for TBIs and to enhance their effectiveness.
A Rare Complex Case Report: Bilateral Congenital Internal Carotid Artery Hypoplasia Associated with Ruptured Left True Posterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Soni Tushar V. , Patel Shreyansh , Shah Varshesh , Deo Manas Ranjan , Kotadiya Kuldeep
Published: June 2024

Congenital internal carotid artery hypoplasia is a rare condition characterized by underdevelopment or reduced caliber of the internal carotid artery during embryonic development. This anomaly presents significant challenges in management, particularly in neurosurgical interventions for cerebrovascular events. We present a case report of a 67-year-old male who presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage and intraparenchymal hemorrhage extending as intraventricular hemorrhage due to a ruptured left true posterior communicating artery aneurysm, associated with intraoperative findings of left internal carotid artery aneurysm, accompanied by incidental findings of bilateral congenital hypoplasia of the internal carotid artery on computed tomography angiography. Surgical intervention involved a left frontotemporal craniotomy, during which both aneurysms were successfully clipped. This case underscores the critical importance of meticulous preoperative evaluation, utilizing advanced neuroimaging modalities to identify such anomalies, particularly in patients with acute cerebrovascular events. Furthermore, it emphasizes the necessity for meticulous surgical planning and intraoperative vigilance to effectively manage associated vascular pathologies.
Comparative Evaluation of Clinical Outcome Including Neurosensory Deficit and Pain Score Variables Using Rigid Internal Fixation with Three-Dimensional Miniplate Internal Fixation in Simultaneous Angle and Contralateral Body/Parasymphysis Fractures of the Mandible: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Kumar Satish , Chandran Ajay , Hassan Syed Sirajul , Rocchetta Davide , Alshammari Abdulsalam S. , Almutairi Faris Jaser , Jandrajupalli Suresh Babu , Chandolu Swarnalatha , Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: June 2024

Purpose There have been numerous advancements in the strategies used for treating mandibular fractures in the present times, while open reduction and internal fixation is still accepted as the most preferred treatment option for such fractures despite numerous drawbacks. The aim of the present prospective, randomized controlled study was to evaluate the clinical outcome including neurosensory deficit and pain score variables in mandibular fractures that were treated using rigid internal fixation with three-dimensional (3D) miniplate internal fixation.

Materials and Methods For the present study, a total of 20 patients of either sex in an age range of 18 to 55 years with simultaneous angle and contralateral body/parasymphysis fractures of the mandible were included, while the clinical outcome was compared in relation to the two groups wherein different treatment options were used including using rigid internal fixation in one as against 3D miniplate internal fixation in the other.

Results Pairwise comparison of pain scores in Group I and Group II patients by the Mann–Whitney U-test at different time zones revealed the results to be statistically significant for all pairs except when the findings were compared between 1 month and 3 months after the procedure in Group II patients. Also, significant recovery was observed in both Group I and II patients during healing when assessed preoperatively to 1 month and then 3 months after the procedure with the results being statistically highly significant in case of the variations observed in relation to the neurosensory deficit observed at different time zones for both Group I and II patients (p = 0.0001).

Conclusion Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that 3D miniplate-led osteosynthesis was found comparable to the osteosynthesis accomplished using reconstruction plates during fixation of unfavorable body/parasymphysis fractures of mandible in study, providing optimal stability, while satisfactorily meeting the biomechanical requirements for occlusal loading, and an early return to normal function.
Intrasylvian Retraction Technique to Facilitate the Sylvian Fissure Dissection: A Clinical Study of 125 Cases
Authors: Sriamornrattanakul Kitiporn , Ariyaprakai Chanon
Published: June 2024

Although many authors have recommended the retractorless technique to avoid retractor-induced brain injury, others usually use brain retractors with a meticulous technique to facilitate the surgery, especially for sylvian fissure dissection. The intrasylvian retraction technique was described for sylvian fissure opening, but no clinical evidence was found. We evaluate the efficacy and safety of this technique for the distal transsylvian approach. We reviewed the video records of clinical cases where the distal transsylvian approach was performed using the intrasylvian retraction technique for aneurysm treatment and middle cerebral artery (MCA) bypass between September 2018 and August 2022. Operative techniques are described. The efficacy and safety of the technique were assessed by full exposure of the sylvian fissure and new postoperative perisylvian hematoma, respectively. One hundred twenty-five cases were included and had an average age of 53.5 (range 16–85) years. Women comprised 73.6%. Aneurysm surgery, pure MCA revascularization, and aneurysm surgery with MCA revascularization were 106 (84.8%), 12 (9.6%), and 7 cases (5.6%), respectively. The most common aneurysm location was the internal carotid artery-posterior communicating artery junction in 37 cases (34.9%), followed by the anterior communicating artery in 27 (25.5%). Full exposure of the Sylvian fissure was achieved in all cases. No perisylvian hematoma was detected by immediate postoperative computed tomography in any patient. Using an appropriate technique for brain retractor application, sylvian fissure dissection was safely performed. The intrasylvian retraction technique effectively facilitated sylvian fissure dissection and provided wide exposure for the distal transsylvian approach.
Beyond the Marrow: Unveiling Uncommon Sites of ALL Relapse with 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Kar Siven , Gupta Harshita , Shaikh Nusrat , Lele Vikram
Published: June 2024

Extramedullary infiltration of acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (ALL) to genital organs is extremely rare. Here, we present a case report of an asymptomatic 49-year-old female, known case of precursor B-cell ALL, who was incidentally detected with thickened and heterogeneously hyperechoic endometrium on sonography. Contrast magnetic resonance imaging detected large polypoidal enhancing lesions showing intense diffusion restriction occupying the endometrial cavity and similar lesions in the left adnexa, left ovary, and fallopian tube which were suspicious for leukemic infiltration because of the clinical history and atypical appearance of the lesions. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) was done which revealed intensely metabolically active lesion in the endometrial cavity, left adnexa, omental nodules, retroperitoneal lymph node, pancreatic lesion, and few irregular nodules in the right lower lobe. Biopsy findings confirmed extramedullary relapse of ALL. Hence, 18F-FDG PET/CT can act as a good whole body survey to look for extramedullary sites of relapse.
Dynamic analysis of the relationship between exchange rates and oil prices: a comparison between oil exporting and oil importing countries
Authors: Chen Shiying , Chang Bisharat Hussain , Fu Hu , Xie ShiQi
Published: June 2024

Addressing the interconnectedness of oil prices and foreign exchange rates poses a substantial challenge and raises significant questions within economic research. Existing studies reveal a fragmented understanding of the dynamics between these crucial variables, highlighting a need for deeper investigation. This study extends previous research by employing the time-varying parameter VAR extended joint connectedness model and using the baseline approach called the generalized connectedness approach. Our research findings indicate that exchange rates and crude oil prices exhibit pairwise and total connectedness, varying over time. Furthermore, this connectedness experiences substantial increases during severe crisis periods. We uncover that exchange rates and crude oil prices not only share a dynamic, pairwise, and total connectedness but these results are stronger for oil exporting countries. However, these methods yield inconsistent results for various countries. Moreover, there is compelling evidence that fluctuations in exchange rates and oil prices can cause bi-directional and time-dependent shocks.
Toward robust super-resolution imaging: A low-rank approximation approach for pattern-illuminated Fourier ptychography
Authors: Zhang Junhao , Wei Weilong , Yang Kaiyuan , Zhou Qiang , Ma Haotong , Ren Ge , Xie Zongliang
Published: June 2024

Pattern-illuminated Fourier ptychography (piFP) is an elegant combination of structured illumination imaging and a Fourier ptychographic algorithm with the ability to image beyond the diffraction limit of the employed optics. Artifact-free piFP super-resolution reconstruction requires a high level of stability in the illumination pattern. However, unpredictable pattern variation occurs in the presence of environment perturbation, intensity fluctuation, and pointing instability at the source, leading to declines in image reconstruction quality. To address this issue, we present an efficient and robust piFP algorithm based on low-rank approximation (LRA-piFP), which relaxes the requirement for the stability of illumination patterns. This LRA-piFP method can model frame-wise pattern variation during a full scan, thus improve the reconstruction quality significantly. We take numerical simulations and proof-of-principle experiments with both long-range imaging and microscopy for demonstrations. Results show that the LRA-piFP method can handle different kinds of pattern variation and outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques in terms of reconstruction quality and resolution improvement. Our method provides effective experimental robustness to piFP with a natural algorithmic extension, paving the way for its application in both macroscopic and microscopic imaging.
Effect of leading-edge protuberances on swept wing aircraft performance
Authors: Wei Xuntong , Li Deyou , Li Siqi , Chang Hong , Fu Xiaolong , Zuo Zhigang , Wang Hongjie
Published: June 2024

Stall is a complex phenomenon in aircraft that must be suppressed during flight. As a novel passive control method, bionic leading-edge protuberances (LEPs) have attracted widespread interest, particularly for delaying stall. Bionic protuberances at the leading edge of airfoils have been designed to control stall and increase the stability of unmanned aerial vehicles during operation, and it is the flow control mechanism associated with this application that is investigated in this study. First, numerical simulations are conducted to obtain the aerodynamic characteristics of original and bionic airfoils based on the S1223 large-lift airfoil. Next, the impact of the LEP amplitude is investigated. Finally, a vortex definition parameter, the Liutex vector, is utilized to analyze the influence of LEPs on vortices. The results show that bionic LEPs inspired by those on humpback whale flippers can improve the aerodynamic performance of airfoils under the extreme conditions that exist after stall, resulting in an ∼22% increase in the lift–drag ratio. LEPs are found to segment the flow field near the wing surface. The flow becomes bounded between adjacent protuberance structures, significantly inhibiting the development of flow separation and providing a drag reduction effect. This study thus provides a new approach for improving aircraft performance.
Thermalization dynamics in photonic lattices of different geometries
Authors: Yang Guowen , Bongiovanni Domenico , Song Daohong , Morandotti Roberto , Chen Zhigang , Efremidis Nikolaos K.
Published: June 2024

The statistical mechanical behavior of weakly nonlinear multimoded optical settings has been attracting increased interest over the last few years. The main purpose of this work is to numerically investigate the main factors that affect the thermalization process in photonic lattices. In particular, we find that lattices with identically selected properties (such as temperature, coupling coefficient, lattice size, and excitation conditions) can exhibit very different thermalization dynamics and, thus, thermalization distances. Our investigation is focused on two different two-dimensional lattices: the honeycomb lattice and the triangular lattice. Our numerical results show that, independently of the excitation conditions, the honeycomb lattice always thermalizes faster than the triangular lattice. We mainly explain this behavior by the quasilinear spectrum that promotes wave-mixing in the honeycomb lattice in comparison to the power-like spectrum of the triangular lattice. In addition, we investigate the combined effects of temperature as well as the sign and magnitude of the nonlinearity. Switching either the sign of the Kerr nonlinear coefficient or the sign of the temperature can lead to significant differences in the thermalization dynamics, a phenomenon that can be physically explained in terms of wave instabilities. Larger absolute values of the temperature |T| result in more uniform distributions for the power occupation numbers and faster thermalization speeds. Finally, as expected, increasing the magnitude of the nonlinearity results in accelerated thermalization. Our findings provide valuable insights into optical thermalization in discrete systems, where experimental realization may bring about new possibilities for light manipulation and applications.
A self-regulation blades wind energy harvester system for self-powered wireless monitoring sensors
Authors: Wang Qingcheng , Li Xinjun , Fan Zhengwu , Fan Duxing , Wan Deshuo
Published: June 2024

Using wind energy in the natural environment provides a promising solution for wireless sensor power supply for ecological, meteorological, environmental, and infrastructure monitoring. However, the uncertainty and disorder of natural wind restrict the further development of wind energy harvester systems and self-powered wireless sensor technology. Hence, this paper proposes a self-regulation blade wind energy harvester system (SBWEHS) for self-powered wireless monitoring sensors in remote field areas with power shortages. The system is mainly composed of three parts: wind harvesting mechanism, generator module, and energy storage module. The device can control the blade overlap ratio according to the wind speed while generating electricity to maximize the power coefficient. The system can control the blade’s closure in bad weather to protect the device. Based on the computational fluid dynamics technology of Ansys Fluent software, this study evaluated the impact of wind speed and blade overlap ratio on the two-stage blades. Experiments revealed that when the overlap ratio of the blades is fixed at 0.2 and the wind speed is set at 16 m/s, the maximum average power will reach 0.79 W, which fulfills the power requirements of wireless sensors. These results illustrate that the SBWEHS can effectively supply power for wireless monitoring sensors, especially in remote natural environments.
Capturing the fusion of two ancestries and kinship structures in Merovingian Flanders
Authors: Sasso Stefania , Saag Lehti , Spros Rachèl , Beneker Owyn , Molinaro Ludovica , Biagini Simone A. , Lehouck Alexander , Van De Vijver Katrien , Hui Ruoyun , D’Atanasio Eugenia , Kushniarevich Alena , Kabral Helja , Metspalu Ene , Guellil Meriam , Ali Muhammad Q. A. , Geypen Jan , Hoebreckx Maxim , Berk Birgit , De Winter Natasja , Driesen Petra , Pijpelink April , Van Damme Philip , Scheib Christiana L. , Deschepper Ewoud , Deckers Pieterjan , Snoeck Christophe , Dewilde Marc , Ervynck Anton , Tambets Kristiina , Larmuseau Maarten H. D. , Kivisild Toomas
Published: June 2024

The Merovingian period (5th to 8th cc AD) was a time of demographic, socioeconomic, cultural, and political realignment in Western Europe. Here, we report the whole-genome shotgun sequence data of 30 human skeletal remains from a coastal Late Merovingian site of Koksijde (675 to 750 AD), alongside 18 remains from two Early to Late Medieval sites in present-day Flanders, Belgium. We find two distinct ancestries, one shared with Early Medieval England and the Netherlands, while the other, minor component, reflecting likely continental Gaulish ancestry. Kinship analyses identified no large pedigrees characteristic to elite burials revealing instead a high modularity of distant relationships among individuals of the main ancestry group. In contrast, individuals with >90% Gaulish ancestry had no kinship links among sampled individuals. Evidence for population structure and major differences in the extent of Gaulish ancestry in the main group, including in a mother–daughter pair, suggests ongoing admixture in the community at the time of their burial. The isotopic and genetic evidence combined supports a model by which the burials, representing an established coastal nonelite community, had incorporated migrants from inland populations. The main group of burials at Koksijde shows an abundance of >5 cM long shared allelic intervals with the High Medieval site nearby, implying long-term continuity and suggesting that similarly to Britain, the Early Medieval ancestry shifts left a significant and long-lasting impact on the genetic makeup of the Flemish population. We find substantial allele frequency differences between the two ancestry groups in pigmentation and diet-associated variants, including those linked with lactase persistence, likely reflecting ancestry change rather than local adaptation.
Color image encryption algorithm based on variable parameter improved Sine chaotic mapping and DNA coding XOR scrambling*
Authors: Mou Dingkang , Xia Chuanrong , Dong Yumin
Published: June 2024

With the widespread application and dissemination of digital images in all aspects of life, the need for image information security and privacy protection is becoming increasingly urgent. Image encryption technology plays a crucial role in the field of information security and has garnered significant attention because it can effectively safeguard the privacy and integrity of image data. This study innovatively designed a color image encryption algorithm by combining the Sine chaotic mapping with the trigonometric function Cosine. It utilized the dichotomy idea for segmentation and introduced an improved Sine chaotic mapping (ISCM). By adjusting the parameter combination of ISCM, the complexity of the key space is effectively enhanced. The random chaotic sequence generated by the ISCM is used to control the DNA encoding and decoding process. At the same time, through star scrambling technology, the limitations of the single number of traditional DNA rules are overcome. Color images are confused and scrambled in multiple dimensions, enhancing the security and reliability of the encryption process. This provides a high level of protection for the transmission of image data, reducing the risks of data leakage and tampering. In the analysis of experimental data, the average value of the UACI test data perfectly matches the ideal value of 33.4635%, and the average value of the information entropy analysis data is 7.999 or above. This further verifies the superiority and reliability of this study.
Experimental verification of guided-wave lumped circuits using dielectric rod
Authors: Wang Kun , Zhang Xuchun , Wang Zanyang , Shi Haoyang
Published: June 2024

This paper presents a method to realize equivalent lumped inductance/capacitance by adjusting the relative permittivity, diameter, and offset of the dielectric rod. The dielectric rod is used to replace the traditional reactance matching elements (metallic diaphragm, pin, and resonant window) in the substrate integrated waveguide, which avoids the problem of short circuit in the upper and lower metal plate of the substrate integrated waveguide, and has the advantage of high regulatory freedom, low radiation loss, and low crosstalk. Based on this method, three air rod filters are designed and verified by experiments. The three filters are designed based on the diameter and offset of a single dielectric hole and the offset of symmetrical dielectric rods. Compared with conventional filters, this method greatly adjusts the degree of freedom of media regulation in the substrate integrated waveguide. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical analysis and simulation results. It provides an effective platform for the design of substrate integrated waveguide functional lumped circuits.
A density functional theory study of CO oxidation on single-atom Zn supported on PtX2 (X = S, Se, Te)
Authors: Chen Sainan , Zhang Xilin , Kang Wenli , Li Xiaodong , Yang Zongxian
Published: June 2024

CO oxidation on Zn doped Platinum-based transition metal sulfides (Zn/PtX2, X = S, Se, Te) was systematically explored by density functional theory calculations. The geometric stability, electronic structure and catalytic properties of the three Zn/PtX2 catalysts were studied. CO oxidation on Zn/PtX2 along the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanisms has been comparatively demonstrated. It is found that surface defect can stabilize Zn single atom, and the oxidation of CO on Zn/PtX2 is facilitated along the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. The dissociation of OOCO intermediate of Zn/PtSe2 catalyst is the rate-limiting step with an energy barrier of 0.27 eV. This work demonstrates that Zn single atoms on suitable substrate possess satisfied CO oxidation activity.
Prospects for weighing neutrinos in interacting dark energy models using joint observations of gravitational waves and γ-ray bursts*
Authors: Feng 冯 Lu 露 , Han 韩 Tao 涛 , Zhang 张 Jing-Fei 敬飞 , Zhang 张 Xin 鑫
Published: June 2024

Cosmological observations can be used to weigh neutrinos, but this method is model-dependent, with results relying on the cosmological model considered. If we consider interactions between dark energy and dark matter, the neutrino mass constraints differ from those derived under the standard model. On the contrary, gravitational wave (GW) standard siren observations can measure absolute cosmological distances, helping to break parameter degeneracies inherent in traditional cosmological observations, thereby improving constraints on neutrino mass. This paper examines the constraints on neutrino mass within interacting dark energy (IDE) models and explores how future GW standard siren observations could enhance these results. For multi-messenger GW observations, we consider the joint observations of binary neutron star mergers by third-generation ground-based GW detectors and short γ-ray burst observations by missions similar to the THESEUS satellite project. Using current cosmological observations (CMB+BAO+SN), we obtain an upper limit on the neutrino mass in the IDE models of 0.15 (or 0.16) eV. With the inclusion of GW data, the upper limit on the neutrino mass improves to 0.14 eV. This indicates that in the context of IDE models, the improvement in neutrino mass constraints from GW observations is relatively limited. However, GW observations significantly enhance the constraints on other cosmological parameters, such as matter density parameter, the Hubble constant, and coupling strength between dark energy and dark matter.
Cross section measurement for the 232Th(n, f ) reaction in the 4.50−5.40 MeV region using a time projection chamber*
Authors: Bai 白 Haofan 浩帆 , Yi 易 Han 晗 , Sun 孙 Yankun 艳坤 , Hu 胡 Yiwei 益伟 , Liu 刘 Jie 杰 , Wu 邬 Zepeng 泽鹏 , Xia 夏 Cong 聪 , Ren 任 Wenkai 文凯 , Cao 曹 Wentian 文田 , Fan 樊 Tieshuan 铁栓 , Zhang 张 Guohui 国辉 , Fan 樊 Ruirui 睿瑞 , Li 李 Yang 样 , Jiang 蒋 Wei 伟 , Chen 陈 Yonghao 永浩 , Lv 吕 You 游 , Ning 宁 Changjun 常军 , Jia 贾 Weihua 伟华 , Zhang 张 Zhiyong 志永 , Chen 陈 Haolei 昊磊 , Chen 陈 Zhen 朕 , Zhao 赵 Maoyuan 懋源 , Feng 封 Changqing 常青 , Liu 刘 Shubin 树彬
Published: June 2024

Accurate cross sections of neutron induced fission reactions are required in the design of advanced nuclear systems and the development of fission theory. Time projection chambers (TPCs), with their track reconstruction and particle identification capabilities, are considered the best detectors for high-precision fission cross section measurements. The TPC developed by the back-streaming white neutron source (Back-n) team of the China Spallation Neutron Source (CSNS) was used as the fission fragment detector in measurements. In this study, the cross sections of the 232Th(n, f) reaction at five neutron energies in the 4.50−5.40 MeV region were measured. The fission fragments and α particles were well identified using our TPC, which led to a higher detection efficiency of the fission fragments and smaller uncertainty of the measured cross sections. Ours is the first measurement of the 232Th(n, f) reaction using a TPC for the detection of fission fragments. With uncertainties less than 5%, our cross sections are consistent with the data in different evaluation libraries, including JENDL-4.0, ROSFOND-2010, CENDL-3.2, ENDF/B-VIII.0, and BROND-3.1, whose uncertainties can be reduced after future improvement of the measurement.
Comparative analysis of jet and underlying event properties across various models as a function of charged particle multiplicity at 7 TeV*
Authors: Waqar Maryam , Alrebdi Haifa I. , Waqas Muhammad , Al-mugren K.S. , Ajaz Muhammad
Published: June 2024

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of jets and underlying events as a function of charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton (pp) collisions at a center-of-mass energy of

TeV is conducted. Various Monte Carlo (MC) event generators, including Pythia8.308, EPOS1.99, EPOSLHC, EPOS4

, and EPOS4

, are employed to predict particle production. The predictions from these models are compared with experimental data from the CMS collaboration. The charged particles are categorized into those associated with underlying events and those linked to jets, and the analysis is restricted to charged particles with

and

GeV/c. By comparing the MC predictions with CMS data, we find that EPOS

, EPOSLHC, and Pythia8 consistently reproduce the experimental results for all charged particles, underlying events, intrajets, and leading charged particles. For charged jet rates with

GeV/c, EPOS4

and Pythia8 perform exceptionally well. In the case of charged jet rates with

GeV/c, EPOSLHC reproduces satisfactorily good results, whereas EPOS4

exhibits good agreement with the data at higher charged particle multiplicities compared to the other models. This can be attributed to the conversion of energy into flow when "Hydro=on," leading to an increase in multiplicity. The EPOSLHC model describes the data better owing to the new collective flow effects, correlated flow treatment, and parameterization compared to EPOS1.99. However, the examination of the jet

spectrum and normalized charged

density reveals that EPOS4

, EPOS4

, and EPOSLHC exhibit good agreement with the experimental results, whereas Pythia8 and EPOS1.99 do not perform as well owing to the lack of correlated flow treatment.
The FRB-searching Pipeline of the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder Array
Authors: Yu Zijie , Deng Furen , Sun Shijie , Niu Chenhui , Li Jixia , Wu Fengquan , Wang Wei-Yang , Wang Yougang , Zuo Shifan , Shu Lin , Hao Jie , Liu Xiaohui , Ansari Reza , Pen Ue-Li , Stebbins Albert , Timbie Peter , Chen Xuelei
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the design, calibration, and survey strategy of the Fast Radio Burst (FRB) digital backend and its real-time data processing pipeline employed in the Tianlai Cylinder Pathfinder Array. The array, consisting of three parallel cylindrical reflectors and equipped with 96 dual-polarization feeds, is a radio interferometer array designed for conducting drift scans of the northern celestial semi-sphere. The FRB digital backend enables the formation of 96 digital beams, effectively covering an area of approximately 40 square degrees with the 3 dB beam. Our pipeline demonstrates the capability to conduct an automatic search of FRBs, detecting at quasi-real-time and classifying FRB candidates automatically. The current FRB searching pipeline has an overall recall rate of 88%. During the commissioning phase, we successfully detected signals emitted by four well-known pulsars: PSR B0329+54, B2021+51, B0823+26, and B2020+28. We report the first discovery of an FRB by our array, designated as FRB 20220414A. We also investigate the optimal arrangement for the digitally formed beams to achieve maximum detection rate by numerical simulation.
Calculating the Excitation Temperature for H2CO Absorption Lines in Molecular Clouds
Authors: Bu Jia , Esimbek Jarken , Zhou Jianjun , Komesh Toktarkhan , Tang Xindi , Li Dalei , He Yuxin , Tursun Kadirya , Zhou Dongdong , Imanaly Ernar , Sailanbek Serikbek
Published: June 2024

The excitation temperature T
ex for molecular emission and absorption lines is an essential parameter for interpreting the molecular environment. This temperature can be obtained by observing multiple molecular transitions or hyperfine structures of a single transition, but it remains unknown for a single transition without hyperfine structure lines. Earlier H2CO absorption experiments for a single transition without hyperfine structures adopted a constant value of T
ex, which is not correct for molecular regions with active star formation and H ii regions. For H2CO, two equations with two unknowns may be used to determine the excitation temperature T
ex and the optical depth τ, if other parameters can be determined from measurements. Published observational data of the 4.83 GHz (λ = 6 cm) H2CO (110−111) absorption line for three star formation regions, W40, M17 and DR17, have been used to verify this method. The distributions of T
ex in these sources are in good agreement with the contours of the H110α emission of the H ii regions in M17 and DR17 and with the H2CO (110−111) absorption in W40. The distributions of T
ex in the three sources indicate that there can be significant variation in the excitation temperature across star formation and H ii regions and that the use of a fixed (low) value results in misinterpretation.