bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos: una experiencia en el área de formación ciudadana
Authors: Barquero Ruiz Alejandra
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo compartir la experiencia desarrollada con la metodología de Aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) en el curso de Educación Cívica II (segundo semestre del año 2019). El curso corresponde al cuarto año del Bachillerato en la Enseñanza de los Estudios Sociales y Educación Cívica, Escuela de Historia de la Universidad Nacional de Costa Rica.  El método utilizado para la sistematización de la experiencia es el denominado de reflexividad y construcción de la experiencia humana. En el artículo se exponen fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos, se realiza una interpretación crítica de la experiencia y se concluye con las lecciones aprendidas.
La formación inicial y las prácticas docentes como categorías de investigación en los Estudios Sociales
Authors: Ramírez Achoy Jéssica
Published: January 2021

El artículo reflexiona las categorías de formación inicial docente (FID) y prácticas docentes para la investigación en Estudios Sociales. El interés surge de los trabajos y las líneas de investigación que se han desarrollado en la didáctica de las ciencias sociales y de la historia de las últimas tres décadas. Para el análisis utilizamos los trabajos de los años noventa que impulsaron modelos teóricos en la FID y las prácticas docentes y que en la actualidad son los referentes para comprender qué sucede cuando aprendemos a enseñar y cómo esto se traduce en acciones dentro del aula.
Construcción teatral de dos almas cautivas vestidas de pieles: Segismundo y Astolfo
Authors: Rojas Ramírez Kimberly
Published: January 2021

A falta de una edición crítica y de otros estudios pormenorizados sobre la materia textual y teatral de la comedia Las Amazonas, de Antonio de Solís, este trabajo pretende realizar un primera aproximación mediante el análisis de la construcción de la conducta teatral de su personaje principal, Astolfo, tomando como punto de partida la convicción de que existen correspondencias diversas entre este y el que Calderón de la Barca configura para protagonizar la obra cumbre de su producción dramática, Segismundo, de La vida es sueño. Se tratarán de desentrañar los puntos de conexión entre ambos, a la luz, claro está, del conjunto de elementos teatrales, literarios y epistemológicos con los que se configura la personalidad de los personajes, respectivamente, y de las sutilezas propias de cada dramaturgo.
The Attribution of the Children’s Book Publishing Statistics in Ukraine in the Second Half of the 19th and Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Petrenko Oksana
Published: January 2021

This article sheds light on the first research attempt to establish the biblio­graphic and statistical accounting of the books that were published in Ukraine in the 19th century. Besides, the article has analysed the begin­ning of the institutionalization of the children’s books’ publishing statis­tics in Ukraine. The author seeks to answer the question of who was at the origin of the formation of the children’s books’ publishing statistics. Library and museum funds became reliable sources of attribution of the children’s books’ publishing statistics in Ukraine. The results of received data on old-printed children’s books have been studied, systematised and compared with the data of other old-printed books that were found in other library collections. According to this, there is the conclusion about the primacy or repetition in the bibliographies of old-printed children’s books that became the basis for creating a summary table. This article of­fers insights into the chronology of publishing children’s books in Ukraine from the beginning of their publishing to the start of the state registra­tion of publications.
Investigation of enterobacter aerogenes effects on heavy oil from biological degradation aspects by GC*GC technique
Authors: Rasti Arash , Memariani Mahmud , Ali Riahi Mohammad
Published: January 2021

The main cause of oil pollution of soil is the emergency situations within oil production, transportation and processing in the boundaries of industrial sites of chemical and petrochemical industries. Oil pollution leads to the deterioration of the agrophysics soil characteristics, namely to the dysfunction of the water, air, thermal, oxidation-reduction and nutrient regimens. Microbial technologies are becoming accepted worldwide as cost-effective and environmentally friendly approaches to improve oil production. One of the methods to purify oil residue is bioremediation, in this way we Investigate Enterobacter Aerogenes effects on heavy oil by SARA, FT-IR, GC and GCxGC methods. The material required for the growth of Enterobacter Aerogenes is Carbon and Phosphate. On the one hand, this bacterium takes these nutrients from carbohydrates in our body. In addition, the crude oil is full of Hydrocarbon structures. So, the Enterobacter Aerogenes is injected with Thioglycollate broth to crude oil which was distillated and the samples were put for a month in an incubator for 30 days. The results this research illustrate this bacterium has been able to survive in oil by isolating straight-run carbons with short and weak bounds from asphaltene and resin structures, as well as utilizing sulfur, nitrogen and oxygen in the oil. Also, it is found out this bacterium has had a positive effect on making light oil from heavy crude oil. It should be noted this bacterium releases CH4, which can be used again if the gas is collected.
Water and sediment parameters at the algae culture area of Salimpur coast Chittagong
Authors: Uddin Mohammad Rokan
Published: January 2021

Macro-benthic algae Catenella nipae was cultured from November '06 to August '07 at the Salimpur planted mangrove area. Some physico-chemical parameters of the study area were recorded during the culture period and found as water temperature ranges from 24.0 to 31.5˚C, salinity from 6.0 to 21.0‰, dissolved oxygen (DO) from 3.8 to 5.8ml/l, water pH from 7.2 to 8.4, total dissolved solids (TDS) from 410 to 598mg/l, total suspended solids (TSS) from 50 to 118mg/l, Total alkalinity from 95 to118 ppm, NO2-N from 0.18 to 0.47mg/l, NO3-N from 0.56 to 0.69mg/l, PO4-P from 0.90 to1.10mg/l, HCO3 from 69.88 to 93.80mg/l. The soil texture of the study area was sandy clay loam. Soil organic carbon, soil organic matter, soil PO4-P, soil pH were ranges from 2.22-2.37%, 4.22-4.51%, 1.10-1.39mg/100g and 5.9-6.7 respectively. Physico-chemical parameters of both water and soil revealed that the coastal area of Salimpur could be a significant place for C. nipae cultivation.
Konvergensi Media dan Mediamorfosis: Strategi Digitalisasi Majalah MoeslimChoicedalam Proses Transformasi Basis Kerja
Authors: Asyir Alfiah , Nurbaya Siti
Published: January 2021

Konvergensi media merupakan persimpangan media lama dan media baru, yang tidak saja akibat pergeseran teknologi namun juga berdampak pada pergeseran paradigma industri, budaya dan sosial. Karena itu mediamorfosis menjadi pilihan industri media dalam mempertahankan eksistensi dirinya. MoeslimChoice sebagai bagian dari media Islam turut bertransformasi sehingga mengubah strategi bisnisnya melalui situs berita online dan layanan TV streaming. Transformasi media ini menunjukkan apa yang disebut oleh Roger Fidler (1997) sebagai mediamorphosis dan atau konsep konvergensi media dari Nicholas Negroponte.Penelitian ini menggunakan paradigma konstruktivis, pendekatan kualitatif dan studi kasus.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik observasi, telaah pustaka dan wawancara mendalam.Temuan penelitian ini menunjukkan MoeslimChoice itelah melakukan mediamorfosis dengan memperluas platformdari media cetak ke digital. Mediamorfosis dilakukan melalui koevolusi, konvergensi dan kompleksitas. Di antara tiga konsep mediamorfosis, konvergensi lah yang menjadi esensi dari perubahan yang dilakukan MoeslimChoice. Pada konvergensi kontinum yang terfokus pada ruang redaksi, MoeslimChoice telah mencakup kelima tahapannya. Meskipun pencapaian ini masih belum sempurna. Sedangkan pada konvergensi jurnalistik yang terfokus pada isi atau konten liputannya, MoeslimChoice dominan menggunakan model konvergensi newsgathering, yang mana kemampuan multitasking seorang jurnalis sangat diutamakan.
Memanfaatkan Petunjuk Ilahi Dalam Menelusuri Lorong-Lorong Kehidupan (Kajian Tafsir Tematik)
Authors: Surasman Otong
Published: January 2021

How important is life in modern times, even though advances in technology are almost at their peak, so that they continue to explore the noble values of Islamic teachings, especially those closely related to guidance or guidance. Because in reality in everyday life, most people do not seem to understand the instructions that Allah SWT gives. The real evidence is that there are still many human behaviors that violate the norms of life, by corrupting, deceiving, hurting and abusing others, depriving others of their rights, and many other irregularities. Which if analyzed in full with wisdom, it means that Allah's guidance in the form of instincts and senses alone are not used by humans, even though these instinctual and sensory guidance are the initial or basic steps, before entering the next instructions in the form of guidance in the form of reason and religion. In the instinctual and sensory guidance there is already a human potential that is able to distinguish what is good and what is bad, which is assisted by a sense guide. Humans should be able to do good and try to distance themselves from bad deeds. With the hope of the presence of this article, it will help humans to try to spread virtue values in everyday life, so that one day a life filled with peace can be created
David Bellos’ Indirect Translation of Ismail Kadare’s The File on H: A Contextual Analysis
Authors: Kadiu Silvia
Published: January 2021

This article is a linguistic study of David Bellos’ indirect translation of Ismail Kadare’s The File on H (1997), a novel first published in 1980-1981 in the Albanian literary review Nëntori, and translated into English on the basis of Jusuf Vrioni’s French version, Le Dossier H (1989). Also called “double”, “mediated” or “second-hand”, indirect translation is an understudied phenomenon, often criticised by scholars because of its greater distance to the original. Cay Dollerup (2000: 23), for example, argues that the grammatical structure of the mediating language (ML) obscures the distinctions made in the source language (SL), and that possible “mistakes” in the ML may be repeated in the target language (TL). Do fidelity and loyalty to the author become weakened in Bellos’ indirect translation? To what extent is such weakening discernible linguistically? And does this particular case of indirect translation reveal notable patterns or recurring types of linguistic shifts between ST and TT? Showing that some of the  features specific to Kadare’s Albanian writing are tempered in the doubly-translated English text, yet highlighting that similar shifts occur in the three language directions involved, this article demonstrates that changes between ST and TT may occur in indirect translation regardless of the strategies adopted by MT – thus challenging the hypothesis that linguistic shifts in indirect translation follow a single or consistent pattern.
Toward a Typology of Ranking Elements of Narrative Discourse in Languages and Cultures: A Cross-Linguistic Survey
Authors: Perkins Marla
Published: January 2021

It has been noted (Perkins, 2009; Zwaan, 1999; Zwaan & Radvansky, 1998) that causality, character, location, and time are the four main aspects of narrative discourse, even if not attended to by listeners or readers in equal ways. For example, character is highly ranked, and the locational/spatial components have often been underestimated for English narratives (see Perkins, 2009, for a review). Relative to the ranking, there is no inherent reason why character needs to be highly ranked, and locational/spatial information is in fact important in English narrative discourse (Perkins, 2009). I instead suggest that there are linguistic and cultural factors in the ranking of these aspects of discourse. Specifically, I suggest that causality is (probably) the highest ranked component, in languages that have a ranking, with the other three elements being linked to causality more or less strongly, depending on linguistic and cultural factors; it is possible that some languages do not rank narrative elements or that some elements are ranked as highly as others. In English, the strongest link is between causality and character. However, this is not universal.In a survey of fifty-eight languages from thirty language families, including an in-depth study of Hobongan, an Austronesian language spoken by approximately two thousand people on the island of Borneo that I am in the process of describing, it is found that there is a great deal of cross-linguistic variation, to the extent that it is possible that each logically possible combination of narrative elements is present in the world’s languages.
Shared communicative acts in theatre texts in performance
Authors: Furlong Anne
Published: January 2021

This paper adopts a relevance theoretic approach to meaning making in theatrical texts and performances. Text-based theatrical performances are collaborative creative events, many of whose participants may never engage directly with an audience member, but all of whom are engaged in making and conveying meaning. Such texts communicate immediately to multiple audiences: readers, actors, directors, producers, and designers. They communicate less directly to the writer’s ultimate audience – the playgoer or spectator – through the medium of performance. But playgoers are not passive receptacles for interpretations distilled in rehearsal, enacted through performance, or developed in study and reflection. Rather, in the framework of communication postulated by relevance theory, the audience is an active participant in making meaning. I will briefly review a range of approaches to meaning making in theatre, and then outline my view of a relevance theoretic account of theatre texts and performances as related but distinct communicative acts. For Weimann (1992), discussing the German playwright, Heiner Müller, “language is first and foremost material with which the audience is expected to work so as to make and explore their own ‘experiences’” (p. 958). By contrast, T. S. Eliot characterised performances as ‘interruptions’ of the relationship between writer and audience; in ‘a true acting play’, he asserted, the actor added nothing (Eliot, 1924, p. 96). Campbell (1981) argues that “the theatre cannot gear its production to actual audiences”, as only the “finest and most appreciative of abstract audiences for that play” (p. 152) can properly grasp its meaning. For him, the disparate capacities, views, and expectations of a given audience present a profound challenge to theatre as communication. Connor (1999) addresses the same issue, pointing out that if readers can disagree about the meaning of a text, then spectators are even less likely to agree on what a given performance means (p. 417). Unlike Campbell, however, she regards this diversity as enriching, concluding that meanings “develop from co-production with spectators as subjects” (p. 426). Relevance theory provides a framework in which to begin to disentangle the overlapping and interacting, but equally vital, contributions of writer, company, and audience in making meanings.
Accediendo al pasado: uso de especímenes de colección como fuentes de información genética para el género Bombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae)
Authors: Lotta-Arevalo Ingrid Astrid , Vargas-Ramírez Mario , Nates-Parra Guiomar , Matta Nubia E. , Ospina Torres Rodulfo
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Recientemente ha tomado relevancia el uso de especímenes de museo como fuente de información genética para desarrollar estudios que resuelven preguntas taxonómicas, ecológicas, demográficas y evolutivas a diversas escalas temporales y geográficas. Sin embargo, material genético obtenido a partir de ejemplares depositados en colecciones biológicas es poco usado, debido al deterioro natural del ADN preservado en dichos ejemplares, de manera que la obtención de material genético de calidad es demandante en términos de tiempo y dinero. Objetivo: Usando material de museo, identificar una secuencia mini-barcode que pueda ser empleada en la determinación taxonómica, y que a su vez suministre información que permita la estimación de relaciones filogenéticas de especies del género Bombus. Métodos: se estandarizó el protocolo de extracción de ADN a partir de la extremidad mesotoracica derecha y/o una muestra de músculo torácico de 96 especímenes depositados en la colección LABUN entre 7 y 38 años atrás. Las diferentes combinaciones de oligonucleótidos evaluadas permitieron amplificar fragmentos de 152 a 407 pares de bases (pb) del gen mitocondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI). Usando como plantilla un grupo de 31 secuencias amplificadas a partir de especímenes recolectados recientemente, los fragmentos obtenidos de los especímenes del museo fueron ensamblados y analizados en un marco filogenético. Además, se realizó un análisis de red de haplotipos para evaluar en detalle las relaciones entre los haplotipos mitocondriales resultantes. Resultados: Se determinó un mayor éxito de extracción de ADN a partir de muestras de extremidad depositadas a partir del año 1982. Entretanto, la amplificación exitosa de fragmentos de más de 300 pares de bases (pb) se logró principalmente en muestras depositadas en fechas posteriores a 1999, lo que indica una mayor integridad del material genético recuperado de individuos de 19 años de recolección en adelante. Aunque todos los fragmentos evaluados pueden ser empleados como mini-barcode, solo con uno se obtiene una topología similar a la observada con el fragmento completo. Se detectó una gran variacion genética, particularmente al interior de las especies Bombus atratus y B. funebris, en las que se reveló una clara estructura filogeográfica. Conclusiones: Se obtuvieron nuevas secuencias de códigos de barras mediante extracción de ADN y protocolo de amplificación de muestras de museos. Además, se generó nueva información sobre la variabilidad genética intraespecífica, detectando la presencia de haplotipos mitocondriales únicos que podrían constituir Unidades Significativas Evolutivas sujetas a conservación. Dicha información es de vital importancia para formular estrategias de conservación para estos polinizadores en Colombia.
Diversidad de murciélagos en la selva baja inundable del sureste de México
Authors: Plasencia Vázquez Alexis Herminio , Escalona-Segura Griselda , Cú-Vizcarra José Domingo , Borges-Jesús Karla Paola , Serrano Rodríguez Annery , Ferrer-Sánchez Yarelys , Vargas-Contreras Jorge Albino
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El tintal es un tipo de selva baja inundable característico del sureste de México, donde la especie dominante es el palo de tinte (Haematoxylum campechianum L.). Por sus características estructurales y las condiciones de las áreas donde se desarrollan, los tintales pueden funcionar como un hábitat crítico para muchas especies animales. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir la diversidad local y regional de la quiropterofauna presente en tintales de diferentes áreas del sureste mexicano. Métodos: Se trabajó en ocho localidades con presencia de tintal en los estados de Campeche y Tabasco. En cada una se colocaron seis redes de nylon durante tres noches. Se calculó la riqueza observada y la estimada para cada localidad, así como la abundancia total. Se elaboraron curvas de rango de abundancia y de acumulación de especies. Se realizaron análisis de similitud entre localidades y se correlacionaron estas similitudes con la distancia geográfica entre ellas. Resultados: Se registraron 25 especies de murciélagos distribuidas en cinco familias, Phyllostomidae fue la mejor representada. La mayoría de las especies fueron insectívoras (44 % del total), mientras los frugívoros fueron los más abundantes. Entre estas destacan Artibeus lituratus y A. jamaicensis, las cuales se registraron en un mayor número de localidades. Mientras tanto, Glossophaga soricina fue la más abundante. En Oxpemul, se registró la mayor riqueza de especies (N= 12) y en Las Bodegas la menor (N= 4), aunque esta fue la tercera localidad con mayor cantidad de individuos. La riqueza estimada de especies para toda el área, según nuestros datos, osciló entre 29 y 34. Las comunidades menos equitativas fueron Las Bodegas y Tres Brazos. Las localidades más semejantes entre sí en cuanto a la estructura de la comunidad fueron La Toza y Las Bodegas y, en cuanto a la composición de especies: Oxpemul y Atasta. Las similitudes entre las localidades no estuvieron correlacionadas con la cercanía geográfica. Conclusiones: La mayoría de las localidades de estudio están altamente antropizadas, pero la tolerancia de varias especies de murciélagos a estas modificaciones del paisaje les ha permitido hacer uso de estas. La elevada abundancia de las especies consumidoras de frutos encontrada apoya la idea de la importancia de los murciélagos en la recuperación de la vegetación arbórea en zonas alteradas del sureste de México y el valor de los tintales dentro de estas áreas para la conservación de la biodiversidad.
Vehicular emissions effect on the physiology and health status of five tree species in a Bogotá, Colombia urban forest
Authors: Ramos-Montaño Carolina
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Thanks to filtration by foliage, urban trees have a crucial role in air depuration. However, the exposure to pollutants could reduce their health and physiological performance, mainly because of low access to light and clogging of stomata by particulate matter. Objective: The accumulation of particulate matter on leaves (PMAL) and physiological traits of five urban tree species (Croton bogotanus Cuatrec., Eugenia myrtifolia Sims., Ficus soatensis Dugand, Schinus mole L., and Sambucus nigra L.) were quantified in sixty points in Bogotá, with the aims to (1) build a model explaining the PMAL based on traffic variables, (2) establishing the effect of vehicle pollution on physiological and phytosanitary variables, and (3) to evaluate the susceptibility of seedlings and trees to vehicle pollution. Methods: The physiological parameters: photochemical efficiency, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll content, leaf area, and specific leaf mass were measured and correlated with phytosanitary condition, PMAL and traffic variables: number of lanes, vehicular flow and tree-to-avenue distance. Additionally, tree physiological responses were measured in control, residential streets (RS), low traffic avenues (LTA), and high traffic avenues (HTA), and these last were compared with physiology of seedlings planted by three months in HTA. Results: PMAL was strongly associated with physiological responses. Ficus soatensis and C. bogotanus were the species with the maximum and the minimum PMAL. The exposure to traffic increased the photochemical efficiency and specific leaf mass, which could be related to the enrichment of nitrogen and atmospheric CO2. The stomatal conductance followed a bell pattern of low gas exchange in control sites, high values in RS and LTA, and decreasing again in HTA, which suggests an optimization in CO2 fixation at intermediate levels of pollution and susceptibility to stomatal clogging by extreme vehicle emissions. The chlorophyll a/b ratio, leaf area, and specific leaf mass were significantly related to the severity of leaf symptoms, and S. molle was the species with the healthiest leaves in HTA. Seedlings were more susceptible to pollution than trees, and fruits size and seedlings growth were affected by vehicular pollution. Conclusions: Ficus soatensis optimizes particle filtration and C. bogotanus is ideal for planting in HTA, although only as saplings. By contrast, the fast-growing E. myrtifolia and S. nigra seedlings should not be planted in HTA because of susceptibility of pigment contents, leaf area, and stomatal conductance to pollutants. Finally, because of its persistent high stomatal conductance and its low leaf symptoms, S. molle is the species with the best adaptation to vehicle pollution. A complete analysis of interactions among traffic, physiology, and health will help to improve the urban forestry planning.
Uso y selección de microhábitat en un ensamble de anuros del Chaco Serrano de Argentina
Authors: Nieva Cocilio Rodrigo A. , Acosta Juan C. , Blanco Graciela M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Research on spatial resource usage and partition strategies is important to understand the mechanisms of coexistence in sympatric amphibian species, even more when there are temporal variations in habitat availability. Objective: To learn about the patterns of microhabitat use, its seasonal variations and the possible influence of phylogeny on an anuran assembly of the Chaco Serrano in Argentina. Methods: Samplings were carried out in the Valle Fértil Natural Park protected area, Valle Fértil Department, San Juan, between 2012 and 2017. In the field, we recorded the microhabitat where each specimen was found, and we also measured site variables. In addition, microhabitats availability was determined. Data were analyzed using Manly’s selectivity index. Generalized linear models (GLM) were used to assess temporal variations in microhabitat use. Results: The species evaluated were: Rhinella arenarum arenarum, Leptodactylus latrans, Pleurodema tucumanum and Odontophrynus occidentalis. All species showed differences in usage frequencies: R. a. arenarum showed preferences for rocky and aquatic sites, P. tucumanum showed preferences towards bare soil and rocky sites, L. latrans and O. occidentalis showed greater preferences for rocky and aquatic sites. All species but Odontophrynus exhibited seasonal variations in microhabitat selection and usage. Odontophrynus occidentalis showed differences in usage proportions among microhabitats. Conclusions: This study shows plasticity in microhabitat usage as an important determinant of anuran spatial distribution, without apparent restrictions imposed by space competition or phylogeny. When species activity is coincident, the space resource may be distributed in a way that species overlap is reduced.
Mis memorias sobre Robert L. Dressler (1927 - 2019): Botánico y ser humano extraordinario
Authors: Morales Carlos O.
Published: January 2021

Abstract: This text honors the memory of the great orchidologist Robert L. Dressler, who was considered as the best world orchid specialist along decades. It includes biographical data, jottings and facts about Dr. Dressler’s work, specially in Costa Rica. He described 12 superior Orchidaceous taxa, 18 orchid genera, 230 orchid species, 10 species of other plant groups, and 38 bee species. Moreover, he published 162 new name combinations of Orchidaceae and 10 combinations of Euphorbiaceae, nine books, and 252 scientific papers. The scientific work of Dr. Dressler has had great positive impact on botanists, students, and orchid aficionados.
A Actividad antimicrobiana de propóleos de abejas sin aguijón en combinación con ajo, Allium sativum (Amaryllidaceae)
Authors: Grajales Conesa Julieta , Elías Chirino Julián , Lozano Guzmán Eduardo , Moreno Cruz Francisco , Albores Flores Víctor , López García Alfonso
Published: January 2021

Introducción: El uso excesivo de antibióticos ha traído el aumento de resistencia en los microorganismos patógenos que provocan mortalidad de los pacientes. Por lo consiguiente, la búsqueda de nuevas estrategias naturales y no convencionales se ha vuelto constante e importante. El objetivo: fue determinar la actividad antimicrobiana contra Staphylococcus aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM)  de los propóleos recolectados por abejas sin aguijón, incluyendo la combinación de estos con Allium sativum. Métodos: Se analizaron nueve extractos etanólicos de propóleos al 20% de las abejas sin aguijón Melipona beecheii (2), Melipona Solani (1), Tetragonisca angustula (1) y Scaptotrigona mexicana (5). La caracterización química se realizó por HPLC-QQQ/MS/MS. Las pruebas de resistencia microbiana utilizando el método de macrodilución y las combinaciones por estudios isobolográficos. 16 compuestos de interés fueron detectados (11 destacan como los más abundantes, entre ellos ácidos hidroxicinámicos, flavanonas, flavonoides y sus derivados glicosilados). Resultados: Cuatro de los 9 propóleos resultaron efectivos contra SARM, los cuales fueron Melipona solani y 3 de Scaptotrigona mexicana. La CMI para S. mexicana está en el rango de 3-8 mg mL-1 y para M. solani fue de 4 mg mL-1. Los estudios isobolográficos dieron como resultado un efecto aditivo (ɤ=1) para la combinación de Allium sativum con los 3 propóleos de S. mexicana y un efecto antagónico (ɤ>1) para la combinación de A. sativum con el propóleo de M. solani. Conclusión: la combinación de ambos extractos a combinaciones bajas puede ser más efectiva que usando la CE50 de los extractos de forma individual. Se requieren estudios más detallados para definir los mecanismos de los propóleos de las abejas sin aguijón así como su combinación con otras sustancias orgánicas.
Variación corporal paralela en peces de dos ríos costeros del Chocó ecuatoriano
Authors: Jiménez-Prado Pedro , Aguirre Windsor
Published: January 2021

Introducción: Las diferencias morfológicas son el producto de la plasticidad fenotípica, la adaptación genética o la deriva genética, pero no siempre se requiere de poblaciones muy antiguas para conseguir adaptaciones locales si se presentan factores selectivos. Objetivo: Este trabajo examina la variación en la forma del cuerpo de peces en ríos costeros de baja altitud para determinar si existen patrones de variación morfológica entre especies y entre zonas a lo largo de estos cauces. Métodos: Desde julio 2016 a junio 2017 se realizaron una serie de muestreos ictiológicos que permitieron analizar la forma del cuerpo de tres especies, a lo largo de todo el cauce en dos ríos costeros del noroccidente ecuatoriano, con el uso de la morfometría geométrica y técnicas de análisis multivariante. Resultados: Se encontró un paralelismo en el cambio de la forma del cuerpo de las tres especies, desde la zona baja hacia la zona alta, caracterizado por una reducción en la profundidad del cuerpo. También encontramos diferentes niveles de variación alométrica en la forma del cuerpo de las tres especies. Conclusiones: Peces en estas cuencas presentan variación fenotípica influenciada por procesos ecológicos y evolutivos que se expresan en cambios paralelos en la forma del cuerpo en diferentes especies incluso en ríos que tienen rangos de altitud muy pequeños, resaltando la importancia que tienen estas cuencas como reservorios del legado evolutivo de la fauna y flora neotropical.
Pod production, and dasometric variables, of the tree Senna spectabilis (Fabaceae) in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Duarte-Vargas Jesús H. , Melo Omar , Mora-Delgado Jairo , Castañeda-Serrano Roman , Váquiro Henry
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Senna spectabilis is a multipurpose pantropical tree, used in agroforestry systems. Objective: To determine pod production (Pp) and their relationship with dasometric variables in S. spectabilis in the tropical dry forest. Methods: From August 2016 to February 2017, thirty trees in production stage were randomly selected. The random selection was formed of the more isolated trees from the total dispersion. The trees were monitored at the beginning and end of the study period, to determine dasometric measurements such as total height (Th), height to the first branch (Hb), crown height (Ch), Stem diameter (at 0.2 m height from the ground) (Db), crown diameter (Cd), and crown volume (Cv) measured. Pods were harvested by the researcher with cutting and height cutting tongs when their color began to change. Pearson correlations and univariate and multivariate regression analyses were performed between the dasometric variables and pod production. The potential number of trees/ha (NPa) was calculated by determining the occlusion percentage (Op) and the shadow area/tree (Ca); to estimate the production potential of fruits/ha, the production of fruits/tree was multiplied by (NPa). Results: Th was 6.16 ± 1.23 m, Hb 2.75 ± 0.52 m, Ch 3.41 ± 0.98 m, Db 20.43 ± 4.80 cm, Cd 7.46 ± 1.20 m and Cv 108.43 ± 61.38 m3/tree. There was a significant positive correlation between Hb, Cd, Db, with Pp of 0.592**, 0.592**, and 0.446* respectively. Pp was 32.73 ± 16.13 kg/tree and the dry matter production (MSP) was 17.84 ± 8.80 kg/tree. The result of the multivariate regression indicated that the second-order polynomial model presented best goodness of fit. Op was 73.4 7.92 %, the cup area was 49.3 m2/tree, Ca was 36.2 m2/tree, and NPa was 83 trees. Conclusions: The production of fresh pods/ tree in the S. spectabilis presents a potential in its availability as feed for ruminant or seed production. The potential production of pods in silvopastoral with S. spectabilis could be 2.72 t/ ha, and 1.64 t/ ha of dry pods, this shows the importance of trees and of pods production and nutritional contribution obtained for dry ecosystems.
Construção de estratégias de ensino com professores de Química: relatos de uma formação continuada
Authors: Laste Jonathan , Marchi Miriam Ines , Vizzotto Patrick Alves , Oliveira Eniz Conceição , Del Pino José Cláudio
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho consiste em uma análise das experiências vivenciadas ao longo de um Curso para Formação Continuada de Professores da área de Ciências da Natureza em uma Universidade Comunitária do Rio Grande do Sul. Com duração de sete encontros, o curso contou com cinco docentes de Ciências e Química do Ensino Fundamental e Médio, e abordou diferentes estratégias de ensino e formação pedagógica. A pesquisa apresenta caráter qualitativo, com características de estudo de caso. A coleta dos dados deu-se por meio de questionário, gravações das discussões dos encontros em áudio e trabalhos produzidos pelos participantes. As estratégias de ensino e as dificuldades vivenciadas por alunos e professores foram debatidas durante todos os encontros. Além disso, foi lançada a proposta de os professores desenvolverem um plano de unidade didática a partir das estratégias debatidas na formação. Como resultado, evidenciou-se um predomínio de metodologias ativas, visto que os professores instigaram os alunos para a criação de mapas conceituais, experiências com pilha de limão e elaboração de tabela periódica. Entre outros aspectos, tais estratégias privilegiam a autonomia dos alunos.
Educação Superior: o que motiva a escolha pelos cursos de Engenharia?
Authors: Hoernig Junior Breno Arno , Felicetti Vera Lucia , Fossatti Paulo
Published: January 2021

A temática do artigo relaciona-se à escolha da profissão de engenheiro. Nos últimos anos tem diminuído a procura por esta graduação e o número de concluintes vem reduzindo, o que aponta para um possível colapso nas engenharias. O objetivo de pesquisa corresponde a identificar aspectos relacionados à escolha de cursos quando do ingresso na Educação Superior. A questão central feita aos estudantes é: Por que você escolheu ingressar neste curso? A metodologia é de natureza qualitativa. Os participantes foram estudantes de cursos de engenharia que estavam cursando disciplinas de expressão gráfica. Obteve-se como resultado duas categorias que diferenciam as escolhas. A primeira categoria foi associada com a afinidade com o curso, e está relacionada às características peculiares de cada curso e dos próprios estudantes. A segunda aponta para a perspectiva profissional envolvendo aspectos como status da profissão, reconhecimento social e a remuneração e vinculação com o mercado de trabalho. Concluímos que existe uma correlação entre a identificação do aluno com o curso e a sua motivação que se relaciona as suas características individuais, de modo que sua satisfação com o curso e o seu crescimento profissional faz com que almeje alcançar a conclusão desta graduação.
Characterization of testicular and epididymal parameters in Algerian Arabia bucks
Authors: Ouchene-Khelifi N.A. , Ouchene N. , Dahmani A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. In goat production, the reproductive efficiency of bucks must be taken into account. Testicle size is the most appropriate parameter to directly improve the reproductive performance of females. In this study, body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS) and testicular and epididymal parameters of Arabia goats were studied. A total number of 200 bucks wеre randomly selected and classified into three age categories (6-12 months, 13-24 months and >2 years). BW, BCS, mean scrotal circumference, testicular volume, testicular diameter, testicular length, testicular weight, testicular density, epididymal weight, epididymal length, epididymal tail length, caput weight, corpus weight, caudal weight, Gonadosomatic Index, Epididymosomatic index and Epididymal-Testicular weight ratio were measured. A highly significant correlation was found between all parameters (p<0.05). The values of all parameters increased significantly with age, with the exception of the gonadosomatic and epididymosomatic indices, which decreased with age (p<0.05). These results provide data that can be used to anticipate an adequate ante-mortem sperm reserve based on testicular size in the preliminary selection of breeding males from the local sexually mature population.
Evapotranspiration in Sudan grass second culture grown under non – irrigated and optimal irrigated conditions
Authors: Bazitov R.
Published: January 2021

Abstract: The aim of the present study was to establish the evapotranspiration of Sudan grass variety Engje-1, grown as a second crop for silage on meadow-cinnamon soil for the region of Southern Bulgaria under irrigation conditions and without irrigation. For this purpose, an experiment with Sudan variety Endje-1 was conducted in the experimental field of the Agricultural Institute – Stara Zagora on soil type meadow-cinnamon soil, after its predecessor barley. The Sudan grass is harvested in the brooming stage. Two variants were explored: Variant 1 – without irrigation (control) and Variant 2 – with optimal irrigation, 70-75% of field capacity (FC). Evapotranspiration of Sudan grass grown as a second crop under non-irrigated conditions, depending on the nature of the year, ranges from 168.7 mm to 183.7 mm. Under conditions of irrigation, the largest share in the formation of the water consumption is occupied by the irrigation norm – 87.1% on average (from 86.3 to 90.8%). Under irrigated conditions, the relative participation of the initial water reserve in the formation of evapotranspiration significantly decreases.
Effect of clinical mastitis at Holstein-Friesian cows on the farm economic efficiency
Authors: Stankov K.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A study was conducted on the effect of clinical mastitis at Holstein-Friesian cows on the economic performance of dairy farms with different capacity. The study included three high-capacity farms in Bulgaria. The cows in all three farms are free-stall reared (freely in groups) and fed total mixed rations (TMR), in accordance with the animals’ milk yields, with milking performed at a milking parlor. In each farm, the cows were separated into two groups – ones affected by clinical mastitis and healthy cows throughout the entire 305-day lactation period. The results from the study indicated that dairy capacity was high for both groups, with 7567.5 kg for the healthy cows during the 305-day period, and 7429.7 kg for the afflicted ones. The fat content of milk from healthy cows was 3.5% with 3.24% milk protein, with the values being 3.43% and 3.18%, respectively, for the afflicted cows. The cows with mastitis in the three studied farms exhibited lowered economic results. Profit from the healthy cows was higher, by 8.4% in the third farm up to 21.2% for the second farm, compared to the results for the affected cows. Cost-efficiency is also higher for the healthy cows, and the production cost of 1 kg of milk was lower, which was due to the higher marketing of milk for processing and the better purchase price. Apart from the worse economic performance of the cows affected by clinical mastitis, their productive longevity and total lifetime utilization registered at the time of culling was reduced from 8.2% for the second up to 12.6% for the first farm.
Estimation of efficiency and transportation cost as factors in cereal marketing in a typical rural Nigeria
Authors: Ja’afar-Furo M.R. , Yohanna Y. , Sulaiman A. , Abdullahi A.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. This study estimated the efficiency of cereal marketing and effect of transportation cost on gross receipts of traded grains in a typical rural Nigeria. A total of 120 cereal marketers were selected through a simple random method. A structured questionnaire was used for collection of data which was complemented by oral interview and group discussion for a period of one month (24th July – 23rd August 2019). Descriptive statistics, Marketing efficiency, and Multiple Regression were employed in making data analysis. Results indicated that most of the respondents were males (70.85%), married (66.67%) with a household size of 6-10 persons, and within the age range of 40-49 years (51.67%) with a larger proportion (41.67%) having had secondary education. The majority (54.17%) had cereal marketing as their main occupation and sourced business capital from personal savings. The most prioritized method of transportation among the marketers was the use of motor vehicles, and maize was ranked as the most traded staple among the respondents. Regression results revealed coefficients of 0.3758 and 0.5296 for transportation cost and miscellaneous services which were both significant at p<0.001 as the most influential variables to gross receipts of cereal marketing in the surveyed area. Further, the findings showed a marketing efficiency of 728.80%, implying a very highly efficient or profitable marketing system among the cereal marketers. The most notable challenges experienced were high transportation cost (83.33%), insecurity, inadequacy of capital among the marketers, and poor transportation facilities in descending order. Conclusively, it could be said that slightly enlightened married men who sourced capital from their personal savings dominated cereal marketing in typical rural Nigeria. And the cereal marketing was confirmed to be highly efficient in the area studied. It is, therefore strongly endorsed that agencies that intend to improve cereal marketing in the area under consideration and other rural communities in the country should address the challenges highlighted.
Bethlen Gábor fejedelem újonnan előkerült címerköve Fogarasban
Authors: Kovács András
Published: January 2021

The on-going restoration works of the Făgăraș castle have revealed a carved stone measuring approximately 70×100 cm, which bears the fragment of the coat of arms of Gabriel Bethlen, prince of Transylvania between 1613 and 1629. By comparison with the stamps used by the prince one can date the heraldic composition quite accurately between 1618 and 1619. In the afore-mentioned period, written sources attest certain construction works for the enlargement of the residence within the fortress, in the area of the Red-tower. Late renaissance window frames, adorned with ornamental gables were fitted at the second floor of the western wing, erected by Gabriel Bethlen as well as at the same level of the southern wing, towards the loggia built by Balthasar Báthory (1561– 1594). The afore-mentioned, late medieval cylindrical tower had been heightened towards the end of the 16th century with octagonal storeys topped by an open platform with crenellated parapet. Under prince Gabriel Bethlen the platform was closed and transformed into a summer chamber for the prince. A stonemason from Cluj, Stephan Diószegi carved these frames, as well as the triple window frames of the Red-tower, in Cluj. He must have carved the recently found coat of arms as well, which was set aside presumably around 1639-1640, during the construction of the chapel at the first floor of the western wing.
Pesan Dakwah Minoritas dalam Vlog
Authors: Nurjanah Citra , Junaedi Jujun , Fatoni Uwes
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui pesan dakwah minoritas tentang akidah, syariah, dan akhlak yang terdapat dalam vlog akun YouTube Gita Savitri Devi. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan teori pesan dakwah dari Wahyu Ilaihi yaitu akidah, syariah dan akhlak dan teori fiqh minoritas dari Yusuf Al-Qardhawi. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode analisis isi kualitatif yakni dengan melakukan penyusunan data yang kemudian dijelaskan, dianalisis, yang dilakukan bersamaan dengan pengumpulan data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah pesan dakwah minoritas tentang akidah yang terdapat dalam vlog Gita Savitri itu ditemukan pesan tentang keimanan kepada Allah dan kepada Kitab Allah, sedangkan pesan dakwah minoritas tentang syariah ditemukan pesan tentang ibadah shalat, ibadah puasa, makanan halal, dan mengenakan hijab, adapun Pesan dakwah minoritas tentang akhlak ditemukan pesan tentang akhlak terhadap manusia dan sedekah.

Kata Kunci : Pesan dakwah; Minoritas; Vlog.

 

The aim of this research is to find out a minority's message of da'wah regarding aqidah, sharia, and akhlaq in Gita Savitri Devi YouTube account's vlogs. The theory which was used in this research is da'wah message theory (obtained) from Wahyu Ilaihi which is aqidah, sharia, and akhlaq as well as fiqh of the minority theory from Yusuf Al-Qardhawi. The method used in this study is a qualitative content analysis method by compiling data which is then explained, analyzed, which is carried out simultaneously with data collection. The results obtained through this research is that a minority's da'wah message regarding aqidah includes faith in Allah and in Allah's holy books; da'wah message regarding sharia includes messages about prayer, fasting, halal food, and the use of hijab; and da'wah message regarding akhlaq includes akhlaq towards other people and sadaqah.

keywords: da'wah message, minority, vlog
Application of Kohonen networks for clustering of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship districts in terms of the level of socio-economic development
Authors: Perzyńska Joanna
Published: January 2021

The author presents the possibilities of using artificial neural networks in a multidimensional analysis – cluster analysis. The empirical example using districts of the Zachodniopomorskie (West Pomeranian) Voivodeship is the illustration of theoretical considerations. The study used statistical data from many areas related to socio-economic development: demography, labour market, natural environment, recreation, culture, social and technical infrastructure, and the economy. The aim of the study was to divide the voivodeship into disjointed typological groups of districts using Kohonen networks (Self-Organizing Maps). Several networks differing in structure of the output layer were constructed and trained. Selected diagnostic features of socio-economic development of districts were their input values. Using verified Kohonen networks, various sets of groups of the researched objects were created, and confirmed them are a useful tool for identifying clusters of districts similar to each other in terms of the level of socio-economic development.