bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simple cuprous iodide complex‐based crystals with deep blue emission and high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 100%
Authors: Wang Liyang , Guo Yanxue , Yu Baoyi , Zhang Wei , Li Tengzhou , Qu Jianglan
Published: January 2019

Luminescent cuprous complexes have attracted much attention due to their low cost, rich photophysical properties, and hence extensive applications in various fields. In this work, we report the synthesis, structure and photophysical properties of a simple and highly efficient deep blue emission cuprous iodide complex, namely CuI (PPh3)2(t‐BuPy), where PPh3 and t‐BuPy stand for triphenylphosphine and 4‐tert‐butylpyridine, respectively. The complex was synthesized with a one‐pot method, and showed a super high photoluminescence quantum yield up to 100% and a maximum emission wavelength at 454 nm in crystals at room temperature. Based on density functional theory calculation, the emission likely comes from iodide to 4‐tert‐butylpyridine charge transfer and some copper to 4‐tert‐butylpyridine charge transfer excited states. Two reference complexes, CuI (PPh3)2(IQu) (IQu = isoquinoline) and Cu2I2(PPh3)2(t‐BuPy)2, were also synthesized, and the photophysical properties of the three compounds in various forms such as crystalline powder, thin film and solution at both room temperature and 77 K were studied for comparison. These results give clues on how the N‐heteroaromatic ligand (4‐tert‐butylpyridine vs. isoquinoline), coordinating style (mononuclear vs. binuclear), sample form (crystalline powder vs. thin film vs. solution) and temperature (room temperature vs. 77 K) affect the photophysical properties of luminescent cuprous iodide complex.
The immobilized Ni(II)‐thiourea complex on silica‐layered copper ferrite: A novel and reusable nanocatalyst for one‐pot reductive‐acetylation of nitroarenes
Authors: Zeynizadeh Behzad , Shokri Zahra , Hasanpour Galehban Morteza
Published: January 2019

In this study, magnetically nanoparticles of CuFe2O4@SiO2@PTMS@Tu@Ni(II) as novel and reusable catalyst were prepared. Synthesis of the Ni (II)‐nanocatalyst was carried out through the complexation of Ni(OAc)2·4H2O with the immobilized thiourea on silica‐layered CuFe2O4. The prepared nanocomposite system was then characterized using SEM, EDX, XRD, VSM, ICP‐OES, Raman, UV–Vis and FT‐IR analyses. Catalytic activity of the Ni(II)‐CuFe2O4 system was investigated towards rapid reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to arylamines with sodium borohydride as well as one‐pot reductive‐acetylation of nitroarenes to acetanilides with NaBH4/Ac2O system without the isolation of intermediate arylamines. All reactions were carried out in H2O within 3–7 min to afford the products arylamines/acetanilides in high to excellent yields. Reusability of the Ni(II)‐nanocatalyst was examined for seven consecutive cycles without the significant loss of the catalytic activity.
Study on multiple‐contact phase behavior in natural gas injection for enhanced oil recovery in Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Ke , Pu Hui , Li Shi , Chen Xinglong
Published: January 2019

The crude oil samples used in the study was from high‐pressure and high‐temperature (HPHT) reservoirs of Donghetang Oilfield in Tarim Basin in northwestern China. Crude oil–hydrocarbon gas multiple‐contact test and swelling tests are conducted to study the characteristics of phase behavior after hydrocarbon gas is injected into in the formation crude oil. The effect of different amounts of the injected hydrocarbon gas on saturation pressures of reservoir fluid is analyzed. The experimental results are regressed through PVTsim software. The authors use a state‐of‐the‐art HPHT pressure–volume–temperature (PVT) system to conduct the first contact miscibility pressure and swelling tests. Study results show that the multiple‐contact miscibility pressure is on the curve of saturation pressure of reservoir fluid versus the amount of injected gas. Furthermore, the first contact miscibility pressure is at the point of the curve where the tangent is zero. Multiple‐contact experiment is an important method for studying the mechanisms of miscible hydrocarbon gas flooding.
Borassus powder‐reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites with improved crystallization and mechanical properties
Authors: Marathe Yogesh N. , Arun Torris A. T. , Ramesh C. , Badiger Manohar V.
Published: January 2019

This article reports on the development of biocomposites based on polylactic acid (PLA) and borassus powder. Borassus powder was treated with alkali to remove hemicelluloses and lignin. The treated borassus improved the homogeneous mixing with PLA and increased the crystallinity of PLA. Dispersibility of the borassus was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray MicroCT. PLA/borassus composites were prepared by melt mixing of PLA with 5, 10, and 15 wt % treated/untreated borassus. Composites were examined for mechanical properties and crystallization. Composites showed enhanced tensile strength compared to neat PLA. The PLA/treated borassus powder composites displayed higher crystallinity than PLA. The isothermal cold crystallization study showed increase in the crystallization rate of PLA in the presence of treated borassus. The spherulitic growth was studied using polarized optical microscopy. The enhanced performance of the PLA‐borassus composites was observed in the presence of borassus. This study demonstrates that the PLA‐borassus composites show great promise for bioplastics applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47440.
Design of a novel multilayer low‐temperature protection composite based on phase change microcapsules
Authors: Sun Yanli , Wang Rui , Liu Xing , Fang Shu , Li Danyang , Li Bo
Published: January 2019

It is necessary to develop a novel low‐temperature protective material that ensures the flexibility and warmth of operation in a short time under the low‐temperature environment (−30 to −80°C). Hence, a novel multilayer low‐temperature protection composite (MPC) was prepared based on phase change microcapsules (microPCMs). MicroPCMs containing n‐octadecane with melamine‐urea‐formaldehyde shell were successfully synthesized through in situ polymerization. Then the microPCMs were finished on the basic fabric's surface (biocomponent spunbond‐spunlace nonwoven material) by foam coating and the silicone rubber was covered on the outermost surface. On the basis of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs, microPCMs had a relatively spherical shape and a smooth surface, in which the average particle size was about 42.77 μm. The cross section morphology showed that the MPC was consisted of three layers structure including the base fabric, the microPCMs layer, and the silicone rubber layer. At −50 °C, the low‐temperature resistance time of the MPC was 727 s and the power consumption for maintaining a certain temperature for 10 and 20 min of the MPC were 350.86 and 1392.66 J, respectively. Compared with the basic fabric, which has the same thickness as the MPC, the low‐temperature resistance time of the MPC was prolonged about 5 min and the power consumption of the MPC for 10 min decreased by 55%, and for 20 minutes decreased by 33%, respectively. The MPC could guarantee the low‐temperature protection effect in short time. It could be applied as the potential materials in the area of low‐temperature protection. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47534.
Are well‐intended Buddhist practices an under‐appreciated threat to global aquatic biodiversity?
Authors: Everard Mark , Pinder Adrian C. , Raghavan Rajeev , Kataria Gaurav
Published: January 2019

The inherently pro‐conservation and humane Buddhist practice of ‘live release’, entailing the release into the wild of creatures destined for slaughter, poses potentially significant conservation consequences if inappropriate, invasive species are procured for release.

This article collates evidence, citing one legal case and other examples, about the risks of the live release of potentially invasive aquatic species that may result in serious, possibly irreversible, conservation threats to aquatic biodiversity and natural ecosystems, with ensuing adverse ecological and human consequences.

It is essential that practitioners are aware of these risks if their actions are not to work diametrically against the pro‐conservation and humane intents of the practice.

Ensuring that live release occurs safely necessitates raising awareness, with guidance informed by science, to ensure that good intentions do not result in perverse, environmentally destructive outcomes.

We propose four simple principles to achieve this, for dissemination to the global adherents of these otherwise entirely laudable practices.
Fluorescent Light‐up Probe for the Detection of Protein Aggregates
Authors: Nunes da Silva Raquel , Costa Catarina C. , Santos Maria J. G. , Alves Mariana Q. , Braga Susana S. , Vieira Sandra I. , Rocha João , Silva Artur M. S. , Guieu Samuel
Published: January 2019

A fluorescent dye was decorated with water‐soluble pyridinium groups in order to be applied in the detection of cyclodextrins or DNA. The dye displays an enhancement of its emission intensity when the internal rotations are restricted due to the formation of an inclusion complex with cyclodextrins or upon interaction with DNA. In vivo, the fluorescent probe can stain protein aggregates with a selectivity comparable to the widely used Proteostat®.
Can empathy close the racial divide and gender gap in death penalty support?
Authors: Godcharles Brian D. , Rad Jordyn D.J. , Heide Kathleen M. , Cochran John K. , Solomon Eldra P.
Published: January 2019

Public opinion data indicate that the majority of US respondents support the death penalty. Research has consistently indicated, however, that Blacks and females are significantly less likely to support capital punishment than their White and male counterparts. Past research efforts attempting to account for these differences have, at best, only partially accounted for them: the racial divide and gender gap in death penalty support, while narrowed, remained evident. This study proposes that empathy, particularly ethnocultural empathy, may be a key explanatory correlate of death penalty support and that racial and gender differences in empathy may fully explain the observed racial and gender differences in death penalty support. This study uses three forms of empathy measures (cognitive, affective, and ethnocultural) to test this hypothesis using survey data from a sample of undergraduate students. Our results show that neither a variety of other “known correlates” of death penalty support nor cognitive or affective empathy scales were able to fully account for the observed racial difference in death penalty support. Ethnocultural empathy, however, was successful in reducing the effect of race on death penalty support to nonsignificance. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to have done so.
Prognostic value of γ‐glutamyltransferase‐to‐albumin ratio in patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma following radical surgery
Authors: Li Shuo , Xu Huaxiang , Wu Chuntao , Wang Wenquan , Jin Wei , Gao Heli , Li Hao , Zhang Shirong , Xu Jinzhi , Zhang Wuhu , Xu Shuaishuai , Li Tianjiao , Ni Quanxing , Yu Xianjun , Liu Liang
Published: January 2019

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a devastating malignancy with poor prognosis. Many preoperative biomarkers can predict postoperative survival of PDAC patients. In this study, we created a novel ratio index based on preoperative liver function test, γ‐glutamyltransferase‐to‐albumin ratio (GAR), and evaluated its prognostic value in predicting clinical outcomes of PDAC patients following radical surgery. We retrospectively enrolled 833 PDAC patients who had underwent radical surgery at our institution between January 2010 and January 2017. Patients were divided into two groups according to the cut‐off value of GAR. Univariate and multivariate survival analysis between the groups were evaluated. TNM stage, GAR, preoperative serum carbohydrate antigen 19‐9 (CA19‐9) and tumor differentiation were combined to generate a more accurate prognostic model. The optimal cut‐off value of GAR was 0.65. Significant correlations were found between GAR and tumor location, tumor size, vascular invasion, obstructive jaundice, biliary drainage and parameters of liver function test. Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that high level of GAR independently predicted poorer postoperative overall survival (OS, P < 0.001) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS, P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis demonstrated that GAR was predictive of survival in patients without biliary obstruction or severely impaired liver function. In addition, integration of GAR, preoperative serum CA19‐9, and tumor differentiation into TNM staging system could better stratify the prognosis for PDAC patients compared with TNM stage alone. Our study demonstrates that preoperative GAR is an independent prognostic factor for prediction of surgical outcomes in PDAC patients. Combination of TNM stage, GAR, preoperative serum CA19‐9, and tumor differentiation can enhance the prognostic accuracy.
A Visible–Near‐Infrared Light‐Responsive Host–Guest Pair with Nanomolar Affinity in Water
Authors: Ferreira Pedro , Ventura Barbara , Barbieri Andrea , Da Silva José P. , Laia César A. T. , Parola A. Jorge , Basílio Nuno
Published: January 2019

The discovery of stimuli‐responsive high affinity host–guest pairs with potential applications under biologically relevant conditions is a challenging goal. This work reports a high‐affinity 1:1 complex formed between cucurbit[8]uril and a water‐soluble photochromic diarylethene derivative. It was found that, by confining the open isomer within the cavity of the receptor, a redshift in the absorption spectrum and an enhancement of the photocyclization quantum yield from Φ=0.04 to Φ=0.32 were induced. This improvement in the photochemical performance enables quantitative photocyclization with visible light that, together with the near‐infrared light‐induced ring‐opening reaction and the 100‐fold selectivity for the closed isomer, confirms this as an outstanding light‐responsive affinity pair.
Workflow Management System for the Integration of Mobile Robots in Future Labs of Life Sciences
Authors: Neubert Sebastian , Gu Xiangyu , Göde Bernd , Roddelkopf Thomas , Fleischer Heidi , Stoll Norbert , Thurow Kerstin
Published: January 2019

A present goal of life science automation is to network the wide range of automation systems distributed in laboratory buildings to control whole process chains. This work pursues the approach of combining mobile robots, human operators and established automation solutions in complex life science workflows. To achieve a higher level of automation, mobile robots assume the transportation tasks between the existing automation islands. A hierarchical workflow management system allows the planning, scheduling and autonomous execution of workflows in comprehensive laboratory infrastructures.
Biomarker melden unterirdische Symbiose
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: January 2019

Pflanzen, die mit Mykorrhiza‐Pilzen in ihrem Wurzelreich in Symbiose leben, erhalten von diesen wichtige Nährstoffe, vor allem Phosphorverbindungen, im Austausch gegen Kohlenhydrate. Eine Optimierung dieser Zusammenarbeit könnte in der Landwirtschaft Düngemittel sparen, gestaltet sich aber schwierig, da die Kooperation unterirdisch stattfindet. Forscher in Jena haben jetzt Biomarker gefunden, deren Konzentration in den Blättern verrät, was in den Wurzeln geschieht.
The effects of a randomized trial of brief forms of stress management on RAGE‐associated S100A8/A9 in patients with breast cancer undergoing primary treatment
Authors: Taub Chloe J. , Lippman Marc E. , Hudson Barry I. , Blomberg Bonnie B. , Diaz Alain , Fisher Hannah M. , Nahin Erica R. , Lechner Suzanne C. , Kwak Taekyoung , Hwang Gyong Ha , Antoni Michael H.
Published: January 2019

Background

Women with breast cancer (BCa) experience heightened distress, which is related to greater inflammation and poorer outcomes. The s100 protein family facilitates the inflammatory response by regulating myeloid cell function through the binding of Toll‐like receptor 4 and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE). The heterodimer s100A8/A9 RAGE ligand is associated with hastened tumor development and metastasis. Previously, a 10‐week stress‐management intervention using cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and relaxation training (RT) was associated with less leukocyte inflammatory gene expression in patients with BCa; however, its impact on s100A8/A9 was not examined. Because a 10‐week intervention may be impractical during primary treatment for BCa, the authors developed briefer forms of CBT and RT and demonstrated their efficacy in reducing distress over 12 months of primary treatment. Here, the effects of these briefer interventions were tested effects on s100A8/A9 levels over the initial 12 months of BCa treatment.

Methods

Postsurgical patients with BCa (stage 0‐IIIB) were randomized to a 5‐week, group‐based condition: CBT, RT, or health education control (HE). At baseline and at 12 months, women provided sera from which s100A8/A9 levels were determined using any enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

Participants (mean age ± standard deviation, 54.81 ± 9.63 years) who were assigned to either CBT (n = 41) or RT (n = 38) had significant s100A8/A9 decreases over 12 months compared with those who were assigned to HE (n = 44; F[1,114] = 4.500; P = .036) controlling for age, stage, time since surgery, and receipt of chemotherapy or radiation. Greater increases in stress‐management skills from preintervention to postintervention predicted greater reductions in s100A8/A9 levels over 12 months (β = −0.379; t[101] = −4.056; P < .001).

Conclusions

Brief, postsurgical, group‐based stress management reduces RAGE‐associated s100A8/A9 ligand levels during primary treatment for BCa.
Trajectories of spiritual well‐being in long‐term survivors of cancer: A report from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors–I
Authors: Canada Andrea L. , Murphy Patricia E. , Stein Kevin D. , Alcaraz Kassandra I. , Fitchett George
Published: January 2019

Background

Existing research indicates that religion, spirituality, or both are important to the quality of life of patients with cancer. The current study is the first to characterize trajectories of spiritual well‐being (SWB) over time and to identify their predictors in a large, diverse sample of long‐term cancer survivors.

Methods

The participants were 2365 cancer survivors representing 10 cancer diagnoses from the American Cancer Society's Studies of Cancer Survivors–I, and they were assessed at 3 time points: 1, 2, and 9 years after their diagnosis. SWB was assessed with the 3 subscales of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy–Spiritual Well‐Being (FACIT‐Sp; ie, Meaning, Peace, and Faith). Predictors included demographic, medical, and psychosocial variables. Latent growth mixture modeling was used to identify trajectories and test their predictors.

Results

Four distinct trajectories of SWB were identified for each of the FACIT‐Sp subscales: stable‐high (45%‐61% of the sample, depending on the subscale), stable‐moderate (23%‐33%), stable‐low (7%‐16%), and declining (6%‐10%). Significant predictors of these trajectories included age, sex, race, education, comorbidities, symptom burden, social support, and optimism, but not always in the hypothesized direction. For some of the subscale trajectories, a recurrence of cancer, multiple cancers, or metastatic cancer was associated with lower SWB.

Conclusions

This is the first study to establish the existence and predictors of heterogeneous trajectories of SWB in long‐term survivors of cancer. Because SWB is an important component of quality of life, the current results indicate characteristics of persons who could be at greater risk for a decline or consistently low scores in SWB and may warrant clinical attention.
Uncertainty in cardiac myofiber orientation and stiffnesses dominate the variability of left ventricle deformation response
Authors: Rodríguez‐Cantano Rocío , Sundnes Joakim , Rognes Marie E.
Published: January 2019

Computational cardiac modelling is a mature area of biomedical computing and is currently evolving from a pure research tool to aiding in clinical decision making. Assessing the reliability of computational model predictions is a key factor for clinical use, and uncertainty quantification (UQ) and sensitivity analysis are important parts of such an assessment. In this study, we apply UQ in computational heart mechanics to study uncertainty both in material parameters characterizing global myocardial stiffness and in the local muscle fiber orientation that governs tissue anisotropy. The uncertainty analysis is performed using the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) method, which is a nonintrusive meta‐modeling technique that surrogates the original computational model with a series of orthonormal polynomials over the random input parameter space. In addition, in order to study variability in the muscle fiber architecture, we model the uncertainty in orientation of the fiber field as an approximated random field using a truncated Karhunen‐Loéve expansion. The results from the UQ and sensitivity analysis identify clear differences in the impact of various material parameters on global output quantities. Furthermore, our analysis of random field variations in the fiber architecture demonstrate a substantial impact of fiber angle variations on the selected outputs, highlighting the need for accurate assignment of fiber orientation in computational heart mechanics models.
Adaptive machine learning‐based alarm reduction via edge computing for distributed intrusion detection systems
Authors: Wang Yu , Meng Weizhi , Li Wenjuan , Liu Zhe , Liu Yang , Xue Hanxiao
Published: January 2019

To protect assets and resources from being hacked, intrusion detection systems are widely implemented in organizations around the world. However, false alarms are one challenging issue for such systems, which would significantly degrade the effectiveness of detection and greatly increase the burden of analysis. To solve this problem, building an intelligent false alarm filter using machine learning classifiers is considered as one promising solution, where an appropriate algorithm can be selected in an adaptive way in order to maintain the filtration accuracy. By means of cloud computing, the task of adaptive algorithm selection can be offloaded to the cloud, whereas it could cause communication delay and increase additional burden. In this work, motivated by the advent of edge computing, we propose a framework to improve the intelligent false alarm reduction for DIDS based on edge computing devices. Our framework can provide energy efficiency as the data can be processed at the edge for shorter response time. The evaluation results demonstrate that our framework can help reduce the workload for the central server and the delay as compared to the similar studies.
Catalytic Oxidation of Water to Dioxygen by Mononuclear Ru Complexes Bearing a 2,6‐Pyridinedicarboxylato Ligand
Authors: Hoque Md Asmaul , Benet‐Buchholz Jordi , Llobet Antoni , Gimbert‐Suriñach Carolina
Published: January 2019

The synthesis, purification, and isolation of mononuclear Ru complexes containing the tridentate dianionic meridional ligand pyridyl‐2,6‐dicarboxylato (pdc2−) of general formula [RuIII(pdc‐κ3‐N1O2)(bpy)Cl] (1III) and [RuII(pdc‐κ2‐N1O1)(bpy)2] (2II) (bpy is 2,2′‐bipyridine) is reported. These two complexes and their derivatives were thoroughly characterized through spectroscopic (UV/Vis, NMR) and electrochemical (cyclic voltammetry, differential pulse voltammetry, and coulometry) analyses, and three of the complexes were analyzed by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction techniques. Under a high anodic applied potential, both complexes evolve towards the formation of Ru‐aquo/oxo derivative species, namely, [RuIII(pdc‐κ3‐N1O2)(bpy)(OH2)]+ (1‐O) and [RuIV(O)(pdc‐κ2‐N1O1)(bpy)2] (2‐O). These two complexes are active catalysts for the oxidation of water to dioxygen and their catalytic activity was analyzed through electrochemical techniques. A maximum turnover frequency (TOFmax)=2.4–3.4×103 s−1 was calculated for 2‐O.
Anorexia nervosa and perfectionism: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Dahlenburg Sophie C. , Gleaves David H. , Hutchinson Amanda D.
Published: January 2019

Objective

Despite the multitude of research surrounding anorexia nervosa (AN) and perfectionism, there is yet to be a thorough investigation comparing perfectionism in those diagnosed with AN and other eating disorders, and other psychiatric diagnoses. The current meta‐analysis aimed to explore these comparisons.

Method

Following the Preferred Reporting Items or Systematic Reviews Meta Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we identified empirical studies that compared maladaptive and/or adaptive perfectionism scores in those diagnosed with AN and either a non‐clinical comparison group, people diagnosed with a non‐AN ED, or people diagnosed with another psychological disorder (i.e., other DSM diagnoses). In total, we identified 23 studies, comprising 3,561 participants who were all female. Comparison groups extracted from the studies were a non‐clinical group, bulimia nervosa (BN) diagnosis group, and another psychological diagnostic group.

Results

When AN maladaptive perfectionism levels were compared against the comparison groups, the results showed that those diagnosed with AN were more perfectionistic compared to the non‐clinical group (g = 1.00), and the other psychiatric diagnosis group (g = 0.41). People diagnosed with AN also had higher levels of adaptive perfectionism levels compared to the non‐clinical group (g = 1.24). Comparisons between those diagnosed with AN and BN were statistically non‐significant for maladaptive perfectionism.

Discussion

Although publication bias potentially affected the psychological diagnosis group comparisons, findings suggest that maladaptive perfectionism is a factor associated with both AN and BN.
Further support for diagnostically meaningful ARFID symptom presentations in an adolescent medicine partial hospitalization program
Authors: Zickgraf Hana F. , Lane‐Loney Susan , Essayli Jamal H. , Ornstein Rollyn M.
Published: January 2019

Objective

To identify potential presentations of avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID) in a pediatric eating disorder partial hospitalization program (PHP) based on the nature of the eating restriction leading to core symptoms of ARFID.

Method

A retrospective chart review of 83 patients ages 8–17 admitted to a PHP and diagnosed with ARFID. Charts were independently reviewed by two coders, with high inter‐rater agreement (κ = 0.77). Distinct categories were identified and groups were compared on demographics, anthropometrics, comorbid psychopathology, and core ARFID symptoms.

Results

We identified cases characterized by predominantly selective eating based on aversions to the sensory properties of foods, lack of interest in eating/low appetite, and fear of aversive consequences from eating. We also distinguished a subset of patients with eating restrictions consistent with both selectivity and limited interest/appetite. The four primary ARFID presentation groups differed on core ARFID criteria, symptom trajectory and illness duration, mood and medical comorbidities, age, gender, and parent‐reported symptoms of psychopathology.

Discussion

The present findings suggest that there are diagnostically meaningful ARFID subtypes that can be differentiated based on the nature of their eating restrictions, as well as other demographic, illness history features, and psychiatric comorbidity. As treatments for youth with ARFID are developed and refined, it will be important to take into consideration not only demographic differences, but also the variability in symptoms, as this might require distinct interventions and levels of care. Additionally, differing mechanisms that maintain different types of eating restrictions might necessitate unique psychological and psychiatric interventions.
Inducible pesticide tolerance in Daphnia pulex influenced by resource availability
Authors: Wuerthner Vanessa P. , Jaeger Jared , Garramone Paige S. , Loomis Connor O. , Pecheny Yelena , Reynolds Rachel , Deluna Lindsey , Klein Samantha , Lam Michael , Hua Jessica , Meindl George A.
Published: January 2019

Pesticides are a ubiquitous contaminant in aquatic ecosystems. Despite the relative sensitivity of aquatic species to pesticides, growing evidence suggests that populations can respond to pesticides by evolving higher baseline tolerance or inducing a higher tolerance via phenotypic plasticity. While both mechanisms can allow organisms to persist when faced with pesticides, resource allocation theory suggests that tolerance may be related to resource acquisition by the organism. Using Daphnia pulex, we investigated how algal resource availability influenced the baseline and inducible tolerance of D. pulex to a carbamate insecticide, carbaryl. Individuals reared in high resource environments had a higher baseline carbaryl tolerance compared to those reared in low resource environments. However, D. pulex from low resource treatments exposed to sublethal concentrations of carbaryl early in development induced increased tolerance to a lethal concentration of carbaryl later in life. Only individuals reared in the low resource environment induced carbaryl tolerance. Collectively, this highlights the importance of considering resource availability in our understanding of pesticide tolerance.
The influence of multiple controls on structural and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate community in a regulated Alpine river
Authors: Fornaroli Riccardo , Calabrese Silvia , Marazzi Francesca , Zaupa Silvia , Mezzanotte Valeria
Published: January 2019

In the past 30 years, several studies have proved that the river flow regime is fundamental in structuring biotic communities. The condition of the ecosystem results not only from the occurrence of extreme events, such as floods and droughts but also from habitat availability and from its temporal variation. Describing the relationships between macroinvertebrate community characteristics and environmental gradients of flow, temperature, nutrient supplies, and habitat conditions is fundamental to understand ecological dynamics. This is the basis for predicting changes within the communities and in ecosystem functions and ultimately to properly manage and conserve the riverine ecosystems. Seven sites, along a 20‐km river sector, were surveyed for macroinvertebrates and water chemistry seasonally, from 2012 to 2016. Habitat conditions were assessed along a 500‐m stretch in each site. The river discharge was continuously monitored by two water level recorders and used to reconstruct various hydrological indices specific for each sampling location. During the sampling period, numerous high flow events and some prolonged periods of low flow were observed. Quantile regression was used to describe the effects of potential limiting factors on macroinvertebrate community, which were primarily driven by antecedent flow conditions and season whereas habitat conditions and water chemistry played only a minor role. Quantitative models have been developed to predict structural and functional characteristics of macroinvertebrate community as a function of antecedent flow conditions, habitat, and physicochemical water characteristics. Those models allow to identify the main drivers and predict the effect of different water management strategies to riverine ecosystem.
Deciphering seed dispersal decisions: Size, not tannin content, drives seed fate and survival in a tropical forest
Authors: Kuprewicz Erin K. , García‐Robledo Carlos
Published: January 2019

Scatter‐hoarding animals can dramatically affect plant survival by depositing seeds in favorable microhabitats away from parent plants (seed dispersal) and by consuming seeds (seed predation). By understanding how scatter hoarders make seed dispersal decisions, we can infer how different plant chemical defenses or seed set strategies may influence seed survival and, ultimately, plant recruitment. We used a wild population of Central American agoutis, Dasyprocta punctata, to experimentally test how seed chemistry and size influence seed fates in a tropical premontane wet forest in Costa Rica. We hypothesized that seeds perceived by agoutis to be very valuable (large, non‐toxic seeds) would be taken far from sources and preferentially cached over less valuable (small, toxic) seeds. Using artificial seeds created from baked polymer clay and peanuts, we manipulated seed chemistry (0%, 2%, 15% tannic acid) and size (4, 14, 24 g) in fully factorial paired‐choice field experiments. We tracked the fates of individually numbered thread‐marked seeds in space and time. There was no difference in the handling, regardless of size, of non‐toxic and toxic seeds by agoutis. Large (24 g) seeds were moved farthest and preferentially hoarded by agoutis, whereas small (4 g) seeds were mostly eaten in situ. By experimentally manipulating seed chemistry and size with a high degree of replication using artificial seeds in the field, we have determined how these plant functional traits affect agouti seed dispersal decisions, with implications for plant propagation and the evolution of seed size.
Wood decomposition is more rapid on than off termite mounds in an African savanna
Authors: Acanakwo Erik Francis , Sheil Douglas , Moe Stein R.
Published: January 2019

Decomposition is important for nutrient cycling and the dynamics of soil organic matter. The factors that influence local decomposition rates in savannas dominated by Macrotermes mounds remain uncertain. Here, we experimentally assessed the effects of macro‐ and micro‐detritivores, active and inactive mounds, and vegetation cover on wood decomposition rates for eight common woody plant species in Lake Mburo National Park, in Uganda. Five pairs of Macrotermes mounds, one active and one inactive per pair, were selected. Each mound provided two sample locations, one, the most shaded (with canopy cover), and one, the most open (without canopy cover) edge of mound. In addition, for each mound pair, one additional sample location was located off‐mound, in an open level area between the mounds. After one, three, and 12 months, protected (wrapped in 1‐mm mesh fiber‐glass excluding macrodetritivores) and unprotected wood samples from each location were retrieved, brushed clean, oven‐dried, and weighed. After 12 months, mean percentage mass loss was four times higher for unprotected than protected wood samples across all species located on mound sites (when decomposition in shaded and open microhabitats was combined). Mean percentage mass loss across all species combined was 1.2 times higher on active than inactive mounds. Across all mounds, decomposition was on average 1.1 times more rapid in the shaded than open mound parts. These differences were more pronounced on inactive mounds (1.3 times more rapid in the shaded than open parts). Percentage mass loss was markedly lower off‐mound (12.6 ± 0.8%) than on active (25.9 ± 1.5%) or inactive mounds (19.7 ± 1.2%). Proportional mass loss for unprotected wood decreased with increasing wood density, but proportional mass loss of protected wood samples was not detectably influenced by wood density. Our study highlights the strong and locally contingent influence of termite mounds, termite activity, vegetation, and their interactions on wood decomposition rates within a savanna landscape. Furthermore, variation in per‐species wood decomposition rates, including the negative correlation with wood density, depends on accessibility to macrodetritivores.
Divergent Terpyridine‐Based Coordination for the Construction of Photoactive Supramolecular Structures
Authors: Agosti Amedeo , Kuna Ewelina , Bergamini Giacomo
Published: January 2019

Exploring new materials to manipulate luminescent radiation and investigate the interaction of light and matter is one of the most compelling prospects of our century. Supramolecular chemistry has unraveled the opportunity to synergistically combine the chemical and optoelectronic properties of the most diverse classes of compounds. Among these, terpyridines have acted as pivotal ligand units that enable self‐assembly of multicomponent chromophoric systems. In this review we therefore elucidate the metal‐coordinating ability of these materials, that promote a plethora of aggregation‐induced phenomena. In particular, fluorescence tuning, reversible stimuli‐responsive phosphorescence enhancement and low‐dimensional complexation have been demonstrated for carbon and sulfur based terpyridine oligomeric structures. Common thread of such processes is the versatile application of light as a trigger for spectroscopic investigation and output for superior optical, medical and sensing devices.
Role of Nanostructuring on the Properties of Oxide Materials: The Case of Zirconia Nanoparticles
Authors: Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: January 2019

In this review we discuss how the geometric structures, the stability, the reactivity, and the magnetic properties of zirconia nanoparticles (NPs) may differ substantially from those of bulk zirconia or of the (101) ZrO2 surface. Based on extensive density functional calculations, we show that the formation energies of neutral oxygen vacancies are considerably smaller in zirconia NPs than those on the zirconia surface. The presence of low‐coordinated sites on the NPs generates defective states in the band gap of the material that results in enhanced chemical activity towards adsorbed molecular or atomic species, which also affects the physical properties. In particular, the following cases have been considered comparing zirconia bulk and NPs: (1) the adsorption of a Au atom; (2) the adsorption of a H2 molecule; (3) the reduction of zirconia via H2O desorption from a hydroxylated surface; (4) the appearance of high‐spin, magnetic ground states in reduced zirconia NPs. This provides evidence that nanostructuring can turn zirconia, a non‐reducible, non‐magnetic material, into a reducible magnetic oxide.
Laser‐Induced Reactive Deposition of Nanostructured CoS2‐ and Co2CuS4‐Based Films with Fenton Catalytic Properties
Authors: Vála Lukáš , Medlín Rostislav , Koštejn Martin , Karatodorov Stefan , Jandová Věra , Vavruňková Veronika , Křenek Tomáš
Published: January 2019

Highly polymorphic cobalt sulfide represents attractive material because of its unique electronic, optical, magnetic, mechanical and catalytic properties. Pulsed laser irradiation of a solid CoS2 target results in ablation and deposition of thin films on Ta and Cu substrate, which were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, Raman and FTIR spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, high resolution electron microscopy and electron diffraction. These complementary analyses revealed that the film on Ta consists of the parent cubic CoS2 whereas the film on Cu exhibits a multiphase structure containing the cubic CoS2 and cubic Co2CuS4. The ternary species is known as an active electrode material with relatively high energy density for electrochemical capacitors and proves interdiffusion events at the interface of copper and colliding CoS2 particles. Such facile and one‐step process represents the first example of the Co2CuS4 formation through ablative reactive deposition on unheated substrate and adds to very rare examples of reactive laser deposition of ablated metal sulfides on unheated surfaces. The CoS2‐based films deposited on Ta and the Co2CuS4‐based films deposited on Cu were examined for their catalytic effect in Fenton degradation of methylene blue (MB). Their efficiency to degrade MB is compared and discussed.
Polynuclear Aminohydroximate Metallamacrocyclic Cu(II)‐Ce(III) Complexes: A Facile Route to Intricate Nanostructures of Copper and Cerium Oxides
Authors: Katkova Marina A. , Kremlev Kirill V. , Zabrodina Galina S. , Rumyantcev Roman V. , Gazhulina Anastasia P. , Gusev Sergey A. , Ketkov Sergey Yu. , Fomina Irina G. , Eremenko Igor L.
Published: January 2019

With an idea to explore the unique structure of the lanthanide 15‐MC‐5 metallacrowns, the water‐soluble Cu(II)‐Ce(III) aqua‐complexes, bearing aminohydroximate (glycine‐ and α‐phenylalanine) ligands have been synthesized and tested for preparing the target copper and cerium oxides under hydrothermal conditions. These Polynuclear heterometallic metallamacrocyclic complexes represent the unique single‐source precursors for a facile one‐pot, surfactant‐ and template‐free synthesis of nano‐ and mesocrystals with the intrinsic features of rough surfaces, high porosity, single‐crystalline structures and complex morphology. The structure, morphology, and composition of as‐prepared samples have been characterized by means of powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Our results suggest a very simple chemical route to guide the formation of beautiful self‐assembled nanostructures.
Indications of uplift from seismic stratigraphy and backstripping of the well data in western Indus offshore Pakistan
Authors: Khan Majid , Liu Yike , Farid Asam , Ahmed Haseeb
Published: January 2019

Two‐dimensional regional seismic reflection, oil well data, and biostratigraphic data have been used in integration to study the general structure, stratigraphic architecture, and subsidence history of the part of River Indus offshore Pakistan. The seismic data have been calibrated with the well data by generating the synthetic seismograms to identify the key reflectors indicative of major lithologic horizons. The sedimentary successions on the seismic sections are divided into passive and transpressive margin sediments on the basis of regional tectonics of the area. The western Indian margin is in oblique collision and transpression with Eurasian and Arabian plates creating Kirthar Range onshore and Murray Ridge offshore, respectively. Four mappable seismic sequences are identified within the passive margin sediments and two within the transpressive margin sediments. Due to the complex depositional setting of the basin, certain seismic sequences are not clear on the seismic records. In addition to depositional complexity, the seismic sequences are disturbed by the presence of normal faults generated probably under the action of gravity. It is interpreted from the seismic records that the normal faults were probably reactivated due to the movement of the basement blocks which have generated the push‐up structures within the offshore depression area. The subsidence curves show a gentle convex upward trend, which suggest an uplift around 40 Ma probably resulting from the reactivation of the basement blocks. The study could be helpful in understanding the tectonics of the worldwide passive margins dominated by rifting and transpression stages.
Clinical characteristics, HIV status, and molecular biomarkers in squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva in Ghana
Authors: Merz Lauren E. , Afriyie Osei , Jiagge Evelyn , Adjei Ernest , Foltin Susan K. , Ludwig Megan L. , McHugh Jonathan B. , Brenner J. Chad , Merajver Sofia D.
Published: January 2019

Background and aims

Conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) varies in incidence geographically from 0 to 1 case per 100 000 per year globally. Additionally, the incidence of CSCC is known to increase 49% for every 10° decrease in latitude. Since the onset of the AIDS epidemic, there has been a trend of increasing incidence of CSCC in Africa, and despite relatively stable levels of ultraviolet (UV) exposure, there is an observed 12 times greater risk of developing CSCC when individuals are infected with HIV. In this study, we aim to analyze the clinical characteristics and biomarkers of CSCC in Ghana.

Methods

In this study, a registry review of patients from January 2011 to May 2016 with CSCC at Komfo‐Anokye Teaching Hospital in Kumasi, Ghana, was performed (n = 64). Tumor blocks of the CSCC were analyzed for the expression of various biomarkers.

Results

In this study, the median age of onset of CSCC is 46.5 years old (range of 20–90 y old). Fifty one and a half percent (n = 33) of the cohort is female. There is a low rate of smoking and alcohol use in our CSCC cohort. Thirty‐nine percent (n = 12) of Ghanaian men with CSCC are HIV−, while only 12% (n = 4) of women are HIV−. Fifteen patients had metastasis to lymph nodes or other tissues, and we observed a statistically significant relationship between HIV infection and metastasis (P = 0.027, chi‐squared test). We observed no statistically significant relationship between known prognostic CSCC biomarkers and HIV status, age, or tumor stage.

Conclusion

Better characterization of CSCC could have a profound impact on the prevention, early identification, and treatment of CSCC in Africa. A retrospective chart analysis and collection of tumor samples can be challenging in this region due to methods of record keeping and stigma attached to clinical data such as HIV testing and smoking and alcohol use. As a result, in this study, data were often incomplete leading to inconclusive results and analysis that should be interpreted with caution. Future studies should consider a prospective study design that gathers clinical data in a standardized format and ensures fresh tissue from CSCC tumors.
Health Care Professionals' Perspectives on Teleneonatology Through the Lens of Normalization Process Theory
Authors: Asiedu Gladys B. , Fang Jennifer L. , Harris Ann M. , Colby Christopher E. , Carroll Katherine
Published: January 2019

Background and aims

Little research has been done on tele‐intensive care unit (ICU) implementation across different types of ICUs, and there exist few studies that have used qualitative research methods to analyze the human and organizational factors influencing optimization of telemedicine for newborn resuscitation. The objective of this study was to understand health care professionals' acceptance, utilization, and integration of video telemedicine for newborn resuscitation (termed teleneonatology) in community hospital settings.

Methods

Focus group and individual interviews were conducted with 49 health care professionals at six affiliated health system hospitals. Data were gathered from physicians (n = 18), nurses (n = 30), and a nurse practitioner. Data were inductively analyzed using a thematic approach, and then constructs from normalization process theory (NPT) were deductively applied. NPT rendered a general framework to describe and assess how care teams perceive the implementation of teleneonatology and how they interact with this telemedicine service in their local setting.

Results

Local health care professionals accepted teleneonatology as an important, helpful service, yet its implementation was perceived as both valuable and a threat to professional traditions. Utilization may depend on perceived benefit, mutual understanding of the guidelines, and expectations of use, and other relational, human, contextual, and system factors. Participants in this study agreed on the need for collective work to successfully integrate teleneonatology into the local practice.

Discussions

NPT uncovered that successful implementation of a teleneonatology program may be facilitated by strong interpersonal relationships among care teams, continuous programmatic training and education, and communicating the clinical value of teleneonatology, including its opportunities and benefits.