bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estágio curricular supervisionado e a formação do enfermeiro: atividades desenvolvidas
Authors: Ramos Tierle Kosloski , Nietsche Elisabeta Albertina , Cogo Silvana Bastos , Cassenote Liege Gonçalves , Böck Andressa , Martins Fernanda Soares
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: analisar as atividades desenvolvidas por discentes e egressos de um Curso de Graduação em Enfermagem durante o desenvolvimento do Estágio Curricular Supervisionado. Método: trata-se de uma pesquisa de campo com abordagem qualitativa do tipo descritiva e exploratória. Para a coleta de dados foi utilizada a técnica de entrevista semiestruturada. O processo de análise dos dados, juntamente com a discussão e a interpretação foi embasado pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: emergiram três categorias nos discursos dos participantes: atividades assistenciais, atividades gerenciais e atividades educativas. Considerações finais: o Estágio Curricular Supervisionado apresenta-se como uma atividade na qual é possível desenvolver e potencializar habilidades e competências exigidas no perfil do profissional de enfermagem. Foi possível identificar a presença de atividades assistenciais, gerenciais e educativas em conformidade com o preconizado pelas Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais. Também se identificou que há necessidade de maior ênfase ainda na graduação da realização de atividades privativas do enfermeiro.
Resultados de partos domiciliares planejados assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas
Authors: Santos Simone Silva dos , Boeckmann Lara Mabelle Milfont , Baraldi Ana Cyntia Paulin , Melo Manuela Costa
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: descrever os resultados maternos e neonatais de partos domiciliares planejados assistidos por enfermeiras obstétricas no Distrito Federal, Brasil. Método: estudo descritivo, exploratório, retrospectivo e de caráter quantitativo. A amostra foi composta por 99 prontuários de mulheres que planejaram ter o parto domiciliar com enfermeira obstétrica. Resultados: verificou-se  média de idade  de 31,6 anos; a maioria tinha ensino superior completo, união estável e exercia atividade remunerada; 63,6% eram primíparas ou tinham apenas cesárea anterior; todas adotaram posições verticalizadas; 87,5% dos recém-nascidos tiveram contato pele a pele e amamentação precoce; todos tiveram clampeamento tardio do cordão umbilical; e 98,7%  apgar ≥7 no 5º minuto. Apenas 21,1% das mulheres e 1,2% dos recém-nascidos foram transferidos, todos com desfecho favorável. Conclusão: infere-se o parto domiciliar planejado como uma opção segura, e os resultados corroboram outros achados científicos que revelam uma assistência obstétrica de qualidade colaborando para a promoção do parto domiciliar no Brasil.
Ambiente de trabalho do enfermeiro em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica
Authors: Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Menegon Fernando Henrique Antunes , Schneider Dulcinéia Ghizoni , Higashi Giovana Dorneles Callegaro , Copelli Fernanda Hannah da Silva , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: April 2018

Objetivo: analisar o ambiente de trabalho do enfermeiro em unidades de clínica médica e cirúrgica. Método: pesquisa de método misto, com estratégia triangulação concomitante de dados. Os dados quantitativos foram coletados com 27 enfermeiros de um Hospital Universitário do Sul do Brasil, por meio do Brazilian Nursing Work Index Revised (B-NWI-R) e submetidos à análise estatística descritiva. Os dados qualitativos foram obtidos a partir de 14 entrevistas e tratados mediante análise temática. Resultados: os enfermeiros possuem autonomia, têm um bom relacionamento com os médicos e suporte organizacional para o trabalho de enfermagem. No entanto, o controle sobre o ambiente é prejudicado pela falta de pessoal de enfermagem e suporte dos serviços de apoio. Conclusão: o estudo evidenciou aspectos que podem melhorar o ambiente de prática de enfermeiros de unidades de clínica médica-cirúrgica e contribuir para segurança e qualidade do cuidado de enfermagem
Sprogarbejdet i danske kommuner
Authors: Ingemansson Julie Meyer , Kjærgaard Anne , Kirchmeier Sabine
Published: April 2018

Klart sprog bidrager til en god og effektiv forvaltning. Digitaliseringen af den offentlige sektor åbner nye muligheder for at styrke og professionalisere den borgerrettede kommunikation, men skaber også nye udfordringer for de skrivende medarbejdere. Dansk Sprognævn har undersøgt hvordan der arbejdes med sproget i den borgerrettede kommunikation i danske kommuner. Undersøgelsen er baseret på en spørgeskemaundersøgelse suppleret med interviews og omfatter 13 kommuner. Rapporten tegner et billede af et område hvor medarbejderne ofte er meget optaget af at skrive klart og forståeligt, men hvor der mangler fokus, organisering og ledelsesmæssig opbakning til at opbygge de nødvendige kompetencer og til at arbejde systematisk med sprog og tekster. På grundlag af rapportens resultater anbefaler Sprognævnet at der nedsættes en arbejdsgruppe med eksperter fra fx KL, Digitaliseringsstyrelsen og Dansk Sprognævn. Arbejdsgruppen skal udarbejde forslag til hvordan indsatsen for en klar og sammenhængende digital kommunikation med borgerne kan styrkes.SummaryPlain language contributes to good and effective administration. The process of digitalising the public sector and its services provides new opportunities to strengthen and professionalise communication with citizens. However, this process also creates new challenges for employees who must produce the corresponding texts. The Danish Language Council studied how local authorities in Denmark manage language quality in their communications with citizens. The study covers 13 local authorities and is based on a questionnaire survey supplemented with interviews. The resulting scenario is one where employees are often very concerned with producing plain and comprehensible language, yet management lacks a focus on organised communication and does not support or build employees’ competences for systematically working with texts and language. Based on these results, the Danish Language Council recommends the establishment of a task group consisting of experts from e.g. the Local Government Denmark, the Danish the Agency for Digitisation and the Danish Language Council. The main assignment of the task group will be to submit proposals on how to strengthen plain and coherent digital communication with citizens.
Hvad var dannelse?
Authors: Jepsen Per
Published: April 2018

The article reconstructs the history of the concept of “Bildung” from its origin in the philosophy of Enlightenment to the crisis of education in the middle of the 20th century. After a presentation of the rise of the concept in the 18th and 19th century (Kant, Humboldt), the article discusses Horkheimer and Adornos critique of the classical tradition of Bildung and their diagnosis of the intellectual and educational climate in Th e Western World after the 2nd World War. Following this it presents the even more pessimistic view of the Austrian philosopher Konrad Paul Liessmann, who in his book Theorie der Unbildung from 2008 claims that the concept of “Bildung” today has no longer any normative impact on the theory and practice of education. In the final section I second this view by claiming that the tradition of Bildung is now closed: What is left of it is its history.
Educação online mediada pelo WhatsApp: mapeando rastros e controvérsias de alunos à luz da teoria ator-rede
Authors: Alves André Luiz , Porto Cristiane De Magalhães , De Jesus Oliveira Kaio Eduardo
Published: April 2018

Este artigo analisa a contribuição e os usos do aplicativo WhatsApp no processo de aprendizagem colaborativa. Para isso, a experiência descrita neste trabalho foi articulada por meio da associação de um desenho didático, conectado a práticas pedagógicas e educativas, que favorecem a aprendizagem ubíqua por meio de experiências de app-learning, que se materializa espaço-temporalmente no uso do WhatsApp. Deste modo, parte-se da perspectiva epistemológica da Teoria Ator-Rede na análise de controvérsias articulada à rede educativa formada. Com isso, defende-se aqui o argumento de que a associação dos sujeitos aos objetos em suas mediações, traduções e agenciamentos favorecem o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e o desenvolvimento de uma prática pedagógica mais articulada entre os envolvidos – seja entidade humana ou não-humana e integrada às práticas culturais da Cibercultura. Como método, utiliza-se o estudo de caso qualitativo e de cunho descritivo. Os resultados obtidos possibilitam concluir que o engajamento dos sujeitos quanto ao uso do WhatsApp, articulado ao desenho didático e à proposta pedagógica, configura uma experiência de app-learning, principalmente pelo estabelecimento dos processos de mediação do ensino e da aprendizagem.
Métodos para determinação da dinâmica de perfilhamento de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia
Authors: Duarte Camila Fernandes Domingues , Melville Paiva Luísa , Fernandes Henrique Jorge , Trento Biserra Thiago , Coene Fleitas Alex , Oliveira da Silva Ademir
Published: April 2018

Objetivou-se avaliar formatos de moldura metálica na coleta de dados para determinação da dinâmica de perfilhamento de capim-tanzânia. O experimento foi realizado no Setor de Agrostologia da Fazenda UEMS, em Aquidauana, MS. O experimento foi desenvolvido em delineamento, em blocos casualizados em canteiros já implantados de Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia, durante o outono de 2014, comparando molduras de 0,0625 m2, identificando-se perfilhos vivos, mortos e novos. Após esta medida foram estimadas as taxas de aparecimento, mortalidade e sobrevivência de perfilhos. Analisaram-se os dados, verificando-se o efeito do método de coleta sobre as estimativas, utilizando-se o PROC GLM do SAS. Além disto, avaliou-se a regressão dos dados obtidos com a moldura retangular em função dos dados obtidos com o quadrado, e avaliou-se o coeficiente de determinação, o teste F simultâneo para identidade de parâmetros (a = 0 e b = 1) e a raiz do quadrado médio do erro da predição. Calculou-se ainda a correlação de ranking de Spearman para avaliar se o ranking das produções seria semelhante entre os métodos. A análise de variância mostrou que o formato da moldura metálica não afetou (p > 0,05) as estimativas estudadas. Conclui-se que os diferentes formatos de molduras utilizadas não interferem na coleta de dados para determinação da dinâmica de perfilhamento do capim-tanzânia.
Clathrin coat controls synaptic vesicle acidification by blocking vacuolar ATPase activity
Authors: Farsi Zohreh , Gowrisankaran Sindhuja , Krunic Matija , Rammner Burkhard , Woehler Andrew , Lafer Eileen M , Mim Carsten , Jahn Reinhard , Milosevic Ira
Published: April 2018

Newly-formed synaptic vesicles (SVs) are rapidly acidified by vacuolar adenosine triphosphatases (vATPases), generating a proton electrochemical gradient that drives neurotransmitter loading. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis is needed for the formation of new SVs, yet it is unclear when endocytosed vesicles acidify and refill at the synapse. Here, we isolated clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) from mouse brain to measure their acidification directly at the single vesicle level. We observed that the ATP-induced acidification of CCVs was strikingly reduced in comparison to SVs. Remarkably, when the coat was removed from CCVs, uncoated vesicles regained ATP-dependent acidification, demonstrating that CCVs contain the functional vATPase, yet its function is inhibited by the clathrin coat. Considering the known structures of the vATPase and clathrin coat, we propose a model in which the formation of the coat surrounds the vATPase and blocks its activity. Such inhibition is likely fundamental for the proper timing of SV refilling.
Regioselective and Stereoselective [3+3] Annulation of Ketones Derived Azomethine Ylides with 2‐Indolylethylenes: Direct Access to Highly Substituted Tetrahydro‐γ‐Carbolines
Authors: Liu Yang‐Zi , Shang Shao‐Jing , Zhu Jing‐Yan , Yang Wu‐Lin , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: April 2018

A highly efficient asymmetric [3+3] annulation of ketones derived azomethine ylides with 2‐indolylethylenes is reported, which is achieved by catalytic Michael addition in the presence of Ag(I)/Ph‐Phosferrox complex and subsequent BF3 ⋅ Et2O promoted Friedel‐Crafts tandem reaction in a one‐pot process. This strategy addresses the challenge of selectivity between [3+2] cycloaddition and [3+3] annulation and exclusively affords a series of [3+3] cycloadducts, highly substituted tetrahydro‐γ‐carbolines in excellent yields (up to 99%), with excellent levels of regioselectivities and stereoselectivities (>20:1 rr, up to >20:1 dr; up to 99% ee).

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Last male sperm precedence is modulated by female remating rate inDrosophila melanogaster
Authors: Laturney Meghan , van Eijk Roel , Billeter Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2018

Following multiple matings, sperm from different males compete for fertilization within the female reproductive tract. In many species, this competition results in an unequal sharing of paternity that favors the most recent mate, termed last male sperm precedence (LMSP). Much of our understanding of LMSP comes from studies in Drosophila melanogaster that focus on twice-mated females with standardized latencies between successive matings. Despite accumulating evidence indicating that females often mate with more than two males and exhibit variation in the latency between matings, the consequences of mating rate on LMSP are poorly understood. Here, we developed a paradigm utilizing D. melanogaster in which females remated at various time intervals with either two or three transgenic males that produce fluorescent sperm (green, red, or blue). This genetic manipulation enables paternity assessment of offspring and male-specific sperm fate examination in female reproductive tracts. We found that remating latency had no relationship with LMSP in females that mated with two males. However, LMSP was significantly reduced in thrice-mated females with short remating intervals; coinciding with reduced last-male sperm storage. Thus, female remating rate influences the relative share of paternity, the overall clutch paternity diversity, and ultimately the acquisition of indirect genetic benefits to potentially maximize female reproductive success.
How should HIV resources be allocated? Lessons learnt from applying Optima HIV in 23 countries
Authors: Stuart Robyn M , Grobicki Laura , Haghparast‐Bidgoli Hassan , Panovska‐Griffiths Jasmina , Skordis Jolene , Keiser Olivia , Estill Janne , Baranczuk Zofia , Kelly Sherrie L , Reporter Iyanoosh , Kedziora David J , Shattock Andrew J , Petravic Janka , Hussain S Azfar , Grantham Kelsey L , Gray Richard T , Yap Xiao F , Martin‐Hughes Rowan , Benedikt Clemens J , Fraser‐Hurt Nicole , Masaki Emiko , Wilson David J , Gorgens Marelize , Mziray Elizabeth , Cheikh Nejma , Shubber Zara , Kerr Cliff C , Wilson David P
Published: April 2018

Introduction

With limited funds available, meeting global health targets requires countries to both mobilize and prioritize their health spending. Within this context, countries have recognized the importance of allocating funds for HIV as efficiently as possible to maximize impact. Over the past six years, the governments of 23 countries in Africa, Asia, Eastern Europe and Latin America have used the Optima HIV tool to estimate the optimal allocation of HIV resources.

Methods

Each study commenced with a request by the national government for technical assistance in conducting an HIV allocative efficiency study using Optima HIV. Each study team validated the required data, calibrated the Optima HIV epidemic model to produce HIV epidemic projections, agreed on cost functions for interventions, and used the model to calculate the optimal allocation of available funds to best address national strategic plan targets. From a review and analysis of these 23 country studies, we extract common themes around the optimal allocation of HIV funding in different epidemiological contexts.

Results and discussion

The optimal distribution of HIV resources depends on the amount of funding available and the characteristics of each country's epidemic, response and targets. Universally, the modelling results indicated that scaling up treatment coverage is an efficient use of resources. There is scope for efficiency gains by targeting the HIV response towards the populations and geographical regions where HIV incidence is highest. Across a range of countries, the model results indicate that a more efficient allocation of HIV resources could reduce cumulative new HIV infections by an average of 18% over the years to 2020 and 25% over the years to 2030, along with an approximately 25% reduction in deaths for both timelines. However, in most countries this would still not be sufficient to meet the targets of the national strategic plan, with modelling results indicating that budget increases of up to 185% would be required.

Conclusions

Greater epidemiological impact would be possible through better targeting of existing resources, but additional resources would still be required to meet targets. Allocative efficiency models have proven valuable in improving the HIV planning and budgeting process.
Molecular weight variations in perylene‐doped poly(methyl methacrylate) for luminescent solar concentrators
Authors: Zaremba Daniel , Evert Robert , Kielhorn Jana , Jakobs Florian , Caspary Reinhard , Kowalsky Wolfgang , Johannes Hans‐Hermann
Published: April 2018

Integrating highly efficient luminescent dyes into poly(methyl methacrylate) matrices with well‐defined parameters, such as degree of polymerization and dispersity, is a key step in the development of emerging technologies such as fiber‐based solar collectors, sensors, contactless coupling devices and integrated light sources. In this work, four perylene‐based fluorescent dyes, perylene from Sigma‐Aldrich, Lumogen F Yellow 083 from BASF, Perylene Orange from TCI and Lumogen F Red 300 from BASF, were polymerized in bulk with methyl methacrylate. The molecular weight distribution was controlled by the ratio between the chain transfer agent and initiator and was measured by size exclusion chromatography. A dopant‐dependent increase in the degree of polymerization, in which the dye causes a drop in the concentration of active growing polymer chains, was observed. Spectroscopic online monitoring of the process in transmission mode confirmed this observation and indicated the formation of stable perylene radicals during the polymerization. Comparative experiments with fluorescent (metal) organic dyes did not show a similar effect. Fitting models for the dye‐dependent molecular weights for Lumogen Yellow and Lumogen Red are proposed. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Notes on integral identities for 3d supersymmetric dualities
Authors: Aghaei Nezhla , Amariti Antonio , Sekiguchi Yuta
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Four dimensional

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$

N
=
2

Argyres-Douglas theories have been recently conjectured to be described by

$$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$

N
=
1

Lagrangian theories. Such models, once reduced to 3d, should be mirror dual to Lagrangian

$$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$

N
=
4

theories. This has been numerically checked through the matching of the partition functions on the three sphere. In this article, we provide an analytic derivation for this result in the A
2n−1 case via hyperbolic hypergeometric integrals. We study the D
4 case as well, commenting on some open questions and possible resolutions. In the second part of the paper we discuss other integral identities leading to the matching of the partition functions in 3d dual pairs involving higher monopole superpotentials.
Are Khovanov-Rozansky polynomials consistent with evolution in the space of knots?
Authors: Anokhina A. , Morozov A.
Published: April 2018

Abstract

R-coloured knot polynomials for m-strand torus knots Torus
[m,n] are described by the Rosso-Jones formula, which is an example of evolution in n with Lyapunov exponents, labelled by Young diagrams from R
⊗m
. This means that they satisfy a finite-difference equation (recursion) of finite degree. For the gauge group SL(N ) only diagrams with no more than N lines can contribute and the recursion degree is reduced. We claim that these properties (evolution/recursion and reduction) persist for Khovanov-Rozansky (KR) polynomials, obtained by additional factorization modulo 1 + t, which is not yet adequately described in quantum field theory. Also preserved is some weakened version of differential expansion, which is responsible at least for a simple relation between reduced and unreduced Khovanov polynomials. However, in the KR case evolution is incompatible with the mirror symmetry under the change n −→ −n, what can signal about an ambiguity in the KR factorization even for torus knots.
Correlation functions of warped CFT
Authors: Song Wei , Xu Jianfei
Published: April 2018

Abstract

Warped conformal field theory (WCFT) is a two dimensional quantum field theory whose local symmetry algebra consists of a Virasoro algebra and a U(1) Kac-Moody algebra. In this paper, we study correlation functions for primary operators in WCFT. Similar to conformal symmetry, warped conformal symmetry is very constraining. The form of the two and three point functions are determined by the global warped conformal symmetry while the four point functions can be determined up to an arbitrary function of the cross ratio. The warped conformal bootstrap equation are constructed by formulating the notion of crossing symmetry. In the large central charge limit, four point functions can be decomposed into global warped conformal blocks, which can be solved exactly. Furthermore, we revisit the scattering problem in warped AdS spacetime (WAdS), and give a prescription on how to match the bulk result to a WCFT retarded Green’s function. Our result is consistent with the conjectured holographic dualities between WCFT and WAdS.
Expanding lysine industry: industrial biomanufacturing of lysine and its derivatives
Authors: Cheng Jie , Chen Peng , Song Andong , Wang Dan , Wang Qinhong
Published: April 2018

l-Lysine is widely used as a nutrition supplement in feed, food, and beverage industries as well as a chemical intermediate. At present, great efforts are made to further decrease the cost of lysine to make it more competitive in the markets. Furthermore, lysine also shows potential as a feedstock to produce other high-value chemicals for active pharmaceutical ingredients, drugs, or materials. In this review, the current biomanufacturing of lysine is first presented. Second, the production of novel derivatives from lysine is discussed. Some chemicals like l-pipecolic acid, cadaverine, and 5-aminovalerate already have been obtained at a lab scale. Others like 6-aminocaproic acid, valerolactam, and caprolactam could be produced through a biological and chemical coupling pathway or be synthesized by a hypothetical pathway. This review demonstrates an active and expansive lysine industry, and these green biomanufacturing strategies could also be applied to enhance the competitiveness of other amino acid industry.
Recognizable phenotypes in CDG
Authors: Ferreira Carlos R. , Altassan Ruqaia , Marques‐Da‐Silva Dorinda , Francisco Rita , Jaeken Jaak , Morava Eva
Published: April 2018

Pattern recognition, using a group of characteristic, or discriminating features, is a powerful tool in metabolic diagnostic. A classic example of this approach is used in biochemical analysis of urine organic acid analysis, where the reporting depends more on the correlation of pertinent positive and negative findings, rather than on the absolute values of specific markers. Similar uses of pattern recognition in the field of biochemical genetics include the interpretation of data obtained by metabolomics, like glycomics, where a recognizable pattern or the presence of a specific glycan sub‐fraction can lead to the direct diagnosis of certain types of congenital disorders of glycosylation. Another indispensable tool is the use of clinical pattern recognition–or syndromology–relying on careful phenotyping. While genomics might uncover variants not essential in the final clinical expression of disease, and metabolomics could point to a mixture of primary but also secondary changes in biochemical pathways, phenomics describes the clinically relevant manifestations and the full expression of the disease. In the current review we apply phenomics to the field of congenital disorders of glycosylation, focusing on recognizable differentiating findings in glycosylation disorders, characteristic dysmorphic features and malformations in PMM2‐CDG, and overlapping patterns among the currently known glycosylation disorders based on their pathophysiological basis.
Improving accessibility and security on document management system: A Malaysian case study
Authors: Abidin Siti Salbiah Zainal , Husin Mohd Heikal
Published: April 2018

Document management system is an essential approach that should be managed well to ensure an effective and faster overall working process in an organization. Hardcopy documents has been one of the items that most organizations need to manage in a safe and secure manner due to the high dependency on most of their working procedure especially in government organizations. Hence, we proposed a new framework to improve the weaknesses of the existing document management procedures in government organizations. Our proposed framework integrates the implementation of an NFC system in this research due to its secure short - range communication, and the peer-to-peer communication capability in most mobile devices. Besides that, most existing government organizations within Malaysia could easily implement such technology for their internal usage as this technology is cost effective due to its availability on existing mobile devices on most Android based devices.
The Richtmyer-Meshkov instability of a double-layer interface in convergent geometry with magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Li Yuan , Samtaney Ravi , Wheatley Vincent
Published: April 2018

The interaction between a converging cylindrical shock and double density interfaces in the presence of a saddle magnetic field is numerically investigated within the framework of ideal magnetohydrodynamics. Three fluids of differing densities are initially separated by the two perturbed cylindrical interfaces. The initial incident converging shock is generated from a Riemann problem upstream of the first interface. The effect of the magnetic field on the instabilities is studied through varying the field strength. It shows that the Richtmyer-Meshkov and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities are mitigated by the field, however, the extent of the suppression varies on the interface which leads to non-axisymmetric growth of the perturbations. The degree of asymmetry of the interfacial growth rate is increased when the seed field strength is increased.
Articles of Italian unite! Italian definite articles without allomorphy
Authors: Faust Noam , Lampitelli Nicola , Ulfsbjorninn Shanti
Published: April 2018

This article examines the various realizations of the Italian definite article and concludes, against all previous accounts of this phenomenon, that neither the singular nor the plural realizations constitute a case of allomorphystricto sensu. Significantly extending Larsen's (1998) analysis, the paper argues that all of the realizations of the definite article, including the problematic [i] and [ʎi], share a single underlying representation. It is proposed that the definite article is associated with a template with separate sites for definiteness and φ-features. It is further argued that [ʎ] is not a primitive entity in Italian; rather, it emerges from a very specific configuration in which /i/ and /l/ are conjoined and followed by a second realized vowel /i/. The templatic and segmental decompositions yield a morphologically unified analysis in which all of the realizations of the definite article are based on a single lexical representation followed by the application of regular phonology.
Experiments on critical Reynolds number and global instability in roughness-induced laminar–turbulent transition
Authors: Puckert Dominik K. , Rist Ulrich
Published: April 2018

The effects of isolated, cylindrical roughness elements on laminar–turbulent transition in a flat-plate boundary layer are investigated in a laminar water channel. Our experiments aim at providing a comparison to global linear stability theory (LST) by means of hot-film anemometry and particle image velocimetry. Although the critical Reynolds number from theory does not match the transition Reynolds number observed in experiments, there are distinct experimental observations indicating a changeover from purely convective to absolute/global instability very close to the critical Reynolds number predicted by theory. Forcing with a vibrating wire reveals the evolution of the system dynamics from an amplifier to a wavemaker when the critical Reynolds number is exceeded. The mode symmetry is varicose for thick roughness elements and a changeover from varicose to sinuous modes is observed at the critical Reynolds number for thin roughness elements. Therefore, most predictions by global LST can be confirmed, but additional observations in the physical flow demonstrate that not all features can be captured adequately by global LST.
Transnational Practices Governing European Integration: Executive Autonomy and Neo-Corporatist Concertation in the Steel Sector
Authors: KAISER WOLFRAM
Published: April 2018

The European Coal and Steel Community was marked by institutional innovations. They have masked strong continuities in administrative and business communities and their governance practices, however, which persisted after 1945. Based on fresh research in national and international organisation archives, this article explores the origins before, during and after the First World War of two key elements of these practices, their evolution over time and their influence on post-war Western European governance of the steel sector: the struggle for executive autonomy and close transnational industry cooperation. Both practices clashed in the ECSC, became amalgamated and had lasting impact on the present-day European Union and its democratic deficit.
Combined Geophysical Measurements Provide Evidence for Unfrozen Water in Permafrost in the Adventdalen Valley in Svalbard
Authors: Keating Kristina , Binley Andrew , Bense Victor , Van Dam Remke L. , Christiansen Hanne H.
Published: April 2018

Quantifying the unfrozen water content of permafrost is critical for assessing impacts of surface warming on the reactivation of groundwater flow and release of greenhouse gasses from degrading permafrost. Unfrozen water content was determined along an ~12‐km transect in the Adventdalen valley in Svalbard, an area with continuous permafrost, using surface nuclear magnetic resonance and controlled source audio‐magnetotelluric data. This combination of measurements allowed for differentiation of saline from fresh pore water, and frozen from unfrozen pore water. Above the limit of Holocene marine transgression, no unfrozen water was detected, associated with high electrical resistivity. Below the marine limit, within several kilometers of the coast, up to ~10% unfrozen water content was detected, associated with low resistivity values indicating saline pore water. These results provide evidence for unfrozen water within continuous, thick permafrost in coastal settings, which has implications for groundwater flow and greenhouse gas release in similar Arctic environments.
Former EPA Chief Decries Attacks on Science
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: April 2018

Gina McCarthy also expresses concern about the current state of the agency.
Alterations in the p53-SOCS2 axis contribute to tumor growth in colon cancer
Authors: Kim Jong-Hwan , Lee Mi-Jin , Yu Goung-Ran , Kim Sang-Wook , Jang Kyu-Yun , Yu Hee-Chul , Cho Baik-Hwan , Kim Dae-Ghon
Published: April 2018

Altered expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS) is found in various tumors. However, regulation of SOCS2 by upstream molecules has yet to be clearly elucidated, particularly in tumor cells. SCOCS2 expression was examined in tumor cells transfected with an inducible p53 expression system. The impact of SOCS2 on cell proliferation was measured with in vitro assays. Inhibition of tumorigenicity by SOCS2 knockdown was assessed via a mouse model. Expression profiles were compared and genes differentially expressed were identified using four types of p53-null cells (Saos, HLK3, PC3, and H1299) and the same cells stably expressing p53. Twelve kinds of target genes were simultaneously upregulated or downregulated by p53 in three or more sets of p53-null cells. SOCS2 expression was reciprocally inhibited by inducible p53 expression in p53-null cells, even colon cancer cells. SOCS2 promoter activity was inhibited by wild type but not mutant p53. SOCS2 knockdown inhibited tumor growth in vitro and in an animal xenograph model. SOCS2 overexpression was detected in a murine model of azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis-associated colon cancer compared to mock-treated controls. SOCS2 expression was heterogeneously upregulated in some human colon cancers. Thus, SOCS2 was upregulated by p53 dysfunction and seemed to be associated with the tumorigenic potential of colon cancer.
A guide to 13C metabolic flux analysis for the cancer biologist
Authors: Antoniewicz Maciek R.
Published: April 2018

Cancer metabolism is significantly altered from normal cellular metabolism allowing cancer cells to adapt to changing microenvironments and maintain high rates of proliferation. In the past decade, stable-isotope tracing and network analysis have become powerful tools for uncovering metabolic pathways that are differentially activated in cancer cells. In particular, 13C metabolic flux analysis (13C-MFA) has emerged as the primary technique for quantifying intracellular fluxes in cancer cells. In this review, we provide a practical guide for investigators interested in getting started with 13C-MFA. We describe best practices in 13C-MFA, highlight potential pitfalls and alternative approaches, and conclude with new developments that can further enhance our understanding of cancer metabolism.
Bacterial-derived exopolysaccharides enhance antifungal drug tolerance in a cross-kingdom oral biofilm
Authors: Kim Dongyeop , Liu Yuan , Benhamou Raphael I , Sanchez Hiram , Simón-Soro Áurea , Li Yong , Hwang Geelsu , Fridman Micha , Andes David R , Koo Hyun
Published: April 2018

Fungal–bacterial interactions generate unique biofilms that cause many infections in humans. Candida albicans interact with Streptococcus mutans in dental biofilms associated with severe childhood tooth-decay, a prevalent pediatric oral disease. Current modalities are ineffective and primarily based on antimicrobial monotherapies despite the polymicrobial nature of the infection. Here, we show that the combination of clinically used topical antifungal fluconazole with povidone iodine (PI) can completely suppress C. albicans carriage and mixed-biofilm formation without increasing bacterial killing activity in vivo. We unexpectedly found that the inclusion of PI enhanced fluconazole efficacy by potently disrupting the assembly of a protective bacterial exopolysaccharide (EPS) matrix through inhibition of α-glucan synthesis by S. mutans exoenzyme (GtfB) bound on the fungal surface. Further analyses revealed that the EPS produced in situ directly bind and sequester fluconazole, reducing uptake and intracellular transportation of the drug. Conversely, inhibition of GtfB activity by PI, enzymatic degradation of the α-glucan matrix or co-culturing with gtfB-defective S. mutans re-established antifungal susceptibility. Hence, topical antifungal has limitations in mixed oral biofilms due to enhanced C. albicans tolerance to fluconazole afforded by the shielding effect of bacterial-derived EPS. The data provide new insights for treatment of C. albicans in cross-kingdom biofilms, indicating that EPS inhibitors may be required for enhanced killing efficacy and optimal anti-biofilm activity.
Validating Continuum Lowering Models via Multi-Wavelength Measurements of Integrated X-ray Emission
Authors: Kasim M. F. , Wark J. S. , Vinko S. M.
Published: April 2018

X-ray emission spectroscopy is a well-established technique used to study continuum lowering in dense plasmas. It relies on accurate atomic physics models to robustly reproduce high-resolution emission spectra, and depends on our ability to identify spectroscopic signatures such as emission lines or ionization edges of individual charge states within the plasma. Here we describe a method that forgoes these requirements, enabling the validation of different continuum lowering models based solely on the total intensity of plasma emission in systems driven by narrow-bandwidth x-ray pulses across a range of wavelengths. The method is tested on published Al spectroscopy data and applied to the new case of solid-density partially-ionized Fe plasmas, where extracting ionization edges directly is precluded by the significant overlap of emission from a wide range of charge states.
The aesthetic preference for symmetry dissociates from early-emerging attention to symmetry
Authors: Huang Yi , Xue Xiaodi , Spelke Elizabeth , Huang Lijie , Zheng Wenwen , Peng Kaiping
Published: April 2018

Symmetry is a basic geometry property that affects people’s aesthetic experience in common ways across cultures and historical periods, but the origins of the universal preference for symmetrical patterns is not clear. We assessed four-year-old children’s and adults’ reported aesthetic preferences between symmetrical and asymmetrical visual patterns, as well as their spontaneous attentional preferences between the patterns. We found a striking dissociation between these two measures in the children: Children looked longer at the symmetrical patterns, relative to otherwise similar but asymmetrical patterns, but they showed no explicit preference for those patterns. These findings suggest that the human’s aesthetic preferences have high postnatal plasticity, calling into question theories that symmetry is a “core feature” mediating people’s aesthetic experience throughout life. The findings also call into question the assumption, common to many studies of human infants, that attentional choices reflect subjective preferences or values.
Author Correction: Nod2 and Nod2-regulated microbiota protect BALB/c mice from diet-induced obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Rodriguez-Nunez Ivan , Caluag Tiffany , Kirby Kori , Rudick Charles N. , Dziarski Roman , Gupta Dipika
Published: April 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Test strips based on iron(iii)-impregnated alginate/polyacrylonitrile nanofibers for naked eye screening of tetracycline
Authors: Li Yan , Mohammed Abedalwafa , Li De , Wang Lu
Published: April 2018

A test strip for tetracycline screening was prepared using seaweed derivative alginate wrapped with polyacrylonitrile nanofibers.
Highly porous layers of silica nanospheres sintered by drying: scaling up of the elastic properties of the beads to the macroscopic mechanical properties
Authors: Lesaine Arnaud , Bonamy Daniel , Gauthier Georges , Rountree Cindy L. , Lazarus Véronique
Published: April 2018

Homogenization schemes based on continuum mechanics provide the elastic properties of dried colloidal layers (using no fitting parameter), yet inter-grain adhesion becomes relevant at higher porosities.
Facile solution synthesis of Cu2O–CuO–Cu(OH)2 hierarchical nanostructures for effective catalytic ozone decomposition
Authors: Gong Shuyan , Wu Xiaofeng , Zhang Jilai , Han Ning , Chen Yunfa
Published: April 2018

Cu-Based catalysts obtained at different reaction time present various morphologies, chemical compositions and ozone decomposition activities.
Modulation of electronic and magnetic properties of edge hydrogenated armchair phosphorene nanoribbons by transition metal adsorption
Authors: Rao Yong-Chao , Zhang Peng , Li Shun-Fang , Duan Xiang-Mei , Wei Su-Huai
Published: April 2018

Based on first-principles calculations, we present a systematic investigation of the electronic and magnetic properties of armchair phosphorene nanoribbons (APNRs) functionalized by 3d transition metal (TM) atoms.
Observation of short range order driven large refrigerant capacity in chemically disordered single phase compound Dy2Ni0.87Si2.95
Authors: Pakhira Santanu , Mazumdar Chandan , Choudhury Dibyasree , Ranganathan R. , Giri S.
Published: April 2018

The synthesis of a new intermetallic compound Dy2Ni0.87Si2.95 is reported in defect crystal structure. The compound exhibits cluster glass behaviour with large magnetocaloric effect.
Effect of sulfonamidoethylenediamine substituents in RuII arene anticancer catalysts on transfer hydrogenation of coenzyme NAD+ by formate
Authors: Chen Feng , Soldevila-Barreda Joan J. , Romero-Canelón Isolda , Coverdale James P. C. , Song Ji-Inn , Clarkson Guy J. , Kasparkova Jana , Habtemariam Abraha , Brabec Viktor , Wolny Juliusz A. , Schünemann Volker , Sadler Peter J.
Published: April 2018

Organo-ruthenium complexes catalyse formate reduction of NAD+, and formate enhances their antiproliferative activity in cancer cells.
Exploiting waste: towards a sustainable production of biodiesel using Musa acuminata peel ash as a heterogeneous catalyst
Authors: Pathak Gunindra , Das Diparjun , Rajkumari Kalyani , Rokhum Samuel Lalthazuala
Published: April 2018

Today, biodiesel, a renewable, non-toxic and environmentally friendly fuel, is attracting increasing attention worldwide as an alternative to fossil fuel.
Transition metal free oxygenation of 8-aminoquinoline amides in water
Authors: Yao Xinghui , Weng Xin , Wang Kaixuan , Xiang Haifeng , Zhou Xiangge
Published: April 2018

The oxygenation of 8-aminoquinoline amides by benzoyl peroxide at the C5 position in water is developed in the absence of a transition metal catalyst, affording the desired products in moderate to good yields of up to 88%.
Peptides N-connected to hydroxycoumarin and cinnamic acid derivatives: synthesis and fluorescence spectroscopic, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties
Authors: G. Ghalehshahi Hajar , Balalaie Saeed , Aliahmadi Atousa
Published: April 2018

In this study, we developed an efficient synthesis of tripeptide Tyr–Gly–Ser and a series of conjugations to coumarin, cinnamic and gallic acid and their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were investigated.
Views of German chemistry teachers on creativity in chemistry classes and in general
Authors: Semmler Luzie , Pietzner Verena
Published: April 2018

Creativity has become an increasingly important competence in today's rapidly changing times, because economics and industries depend on innovation. Creativity is therefore a requirement for school graduates, especially for the ones who strive to pursue a technical or scientific career. But creativity has not been integrated into the curricula of STEM subjects in many European countries like Germany. To successfully integrate it in the classroom, it is important to investigate teachers' views and conceptions on creativity, because they have an influence on teaching and lesson planning. This is the purpose of this study. To investigate the views and conceptions, a research instrument especially designed for this study is used. It includes the creation of two concept maps and filling out a questionnaire. The study was carried out using fifteen German chemistry teachers. The evaluation of the data was made qualitatively as well as quantitatively. It has revealed that almost all of the teachers in this study had a positive attitude towards creativity and had experiences referring to integrating creativity into their own chemistry lessons. But not all of these experiences are good ones and there were some aspects with regard to creativity in general, where uncertainties could be identified.
Highly deformable hydrogels constructed by pH-triggered polyacid nanoparticle disassembly in aqueous dispersions
Authors: Wang Wenkai , Lu Dongdong , Zhu Mingning , Saunders Jennifer M. , Milani Amir H. , Armes Steven P. , Saunders Brian R.
Published: April 2018

We study remarkably deformable and resilient pH-responsive hydrogels constructed using crosslinker-free polymer nanoparticles as the only gel building blocks in the absence of added small molecule monomers.
Nanoparticle packing within block copolymer micelles prepared by the interfacial instability method
Authors: Nabar Gauri M. , Winter Jessica O. , Wyslouzil Barbara E.
Published: April 2018

Nanoparticle loading changes both internal and overall micelle structure.
Probing the nanoparticle–AGO2 interaction for enhanced gene knockdown
Authors: Deshpande Sonal , Singh Neetu
Published: April 2018

RNA interference is a promising technology for treatment of various diseases. Here, we systematically probe the effect of steric hindrance of nanoparticles on the RNA induced silencing complex (RISC) interaction, by modulating two parameters, the nanoparticle size and hardness.
Supramolecular bimetallogels: a nanofiber network for bimetal/nitrogen co-doped carbon electrocatalysts
Authors: Tan Minli , He Ting , Liu Jian , Wu Huiqiong , Li Qiang , Zheng Jun , Wang Yong , Sun Zhifang , Wang Shuangyin , Zhang Yi
Published: April 2018

For the first time, a type of bimetal/N co-doped carbon electrocatalyst is synthesized using ‘supramolecular bimetallogel’ as a template.
MiR-150-3p targets SP1 and suppresses the growth of glioma cells
Authors: Tan Zhigang , Jia Jiaoying , Jiang Yugang
Published: April 2018

Glioma has been considered as one of the most prevalent and common malignancy of the nervous system; however, the underlying mechanisms that are responsible for the occurrence and development of glioma still remain largely unknown. Amounting evidence highlights the critical regulatory function of miRNAs in carcinogenesis. Here, we showed that the expression of miR-150-3p was significantly decreased in glioma tissues and cell lines. Suppressed expression of miR-150-3p was associated with the lymph node metastasis of the glioma patients. Overexpression of miR-150-3p significantly inhibited the proliferation of glioma cells. Molecular study uncovered that the transcription factor specificity protein 1 (SP1) was identified as one of the targets of miR-150-3p. Highly expressed miR-150-3p in glioma cells significantly decreased both the mRNA and protein levels of SP1. Consistently, the abundance of phosphatase and tension homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), a negative downstream target of SP1, was increased with the ectopic miR-150-3p. Collectively, these results suggested that miR-150-3p suppressed the growth of glioma cells partially via regulating SP1 and possibly PTEN.
Pharmacological activation of AMPK and glucose uptake in cultured human skeletal muscle cells from patients with ME/CFS
Authors: Brown Audrey E. , Dibnah Beth , Fisher Emily , Newton Julia L. , Walker Mark
Published: April 2018

Skeletal muscle fatigue and post-exertional malaise are key symptoms of myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME)/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). We have previously shown that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and glucose uptake are impaired in primary human skeletal muscle cell cultures derived from patients with ME/CFS in response to electrical pulse stimulation (EPS), a method which induces contraction of muscle cells in vitro. The aim of the present study was to assess if AMPK could be activated pharmacologically in ME/CFS. Primary skeletal muscle cell cultures from patients with ME/CFS and healthy controls were treated with either metformin or compound 991. AMPK activation was assessed by Western blot and glucose uptake measured. Both metformin and 991 treatment significantly increased AMPK activation and glucose uptake in muscle cell cultures from both controls and ME/CFS. Cellular ATP content was unaffected by treatment although ATP content was significantly decreased in ME/CFS compared with controls. Pharmacological activation of AMPK can improve glucose uptake in muscle cell cultures from patients with ME/CFS. This suggests that the failure of EPS to activate AMPK in these muscle cultures is due to a defect proximal to AMPK. Further work is required to delineate the defect and determine whether pharmacological activation of AMPK improves muscle function in patients with ME/CFS.