bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Establishment and application of an indirect ELISA for the detection of antibodies to porcine Streptococcus suis based on a recombinant GMD protein
Authors: Dong Nihua , Wang Zhaofei , Qing Sun , Chen Xiaojun , Zhang Hailong , Zheng Jiayang , Zhang Xinya , Qiu Yafeng , Li Zongjie , Li Beibei , Liu Ke , Shao Donghua , Wei Jianchao , Sun Jianhe , Ma Zhiyong
Published: August 2022

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is an important zoonotic pathogen from sick and recessive carrier pigs, which poses a serious threat to animal husbandry production and public health. It usually causes horizontal transmission among pigs and the morbidity and mortality of this disease are very high. Human infection is caused through direct or indirect contact with sick pigs. The two large-scale outbreaks of S. suis in China were due to the outbreak of S. suis on pig farms, which spread to human infection, so its detection of S. suis pig herds is very important. This study developed an indirect ELISA (SS-GMD-ELISA) for the detection of S. suis antibody. The antigen-antibody response was optimized by checkerboard titration. The results of testing by ELISA for salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli and staphylococcus aureus were all negative, indicating that this method had strong specificity. The results were still positive when the dilution ratio of S. suis positive serum reached 1:6,400, indicating that the method had high sensitivity. Repeatability test results showed that the intra-assay coefficient of variation and the inter-assay coefficient of variation were less than 10% ,indicating that the method had good repeatability. The seroprevalence of S. suis in 167 serum specimens collected in eastern China was also investigated and 33.5% of the samples evaluated positive for anti-S. suis IgG antibodies, indicating that the seroprevalence of S. suis was high in pig populations in China, The new SS-GMD-ELISA was a convenient, sensitive and specific diagnostic method, which provided technical support for the rapid diagnosis, epidemiological investigation and prevention and evaluation of vaccines.
Design of High Speed Arithmetic Processor Using Vedic Mathematics
Authors: ShanmugaSundaram RoobiniPriya
Published: August 2022

Digital Computer Arithmetic is an aspect of logic design with the objective of developing algorithms in order to achieve effective utilisation of available hardware and resources. The Arithmetic and Logical Unit is the critical component of a microprocessor and a central processing Unit. ALU comprises of combinational and Arithmetic units that perform operations like AND, OR, NOR etc. and Addition, subtraction, multiplication respectively. Hence an algorithm with ultimate speed and minimum chip area are the most often used measures to determine the Efficiency of an algorithm. This Paper presents a fast scheme for arithmetic computations with reduced Area in order to achieve High Speed. Since there is a strong link between Algorithm and the technology used for its Implementation, Vedic sutras implementation in an FPGA environment due to its ease of Application is discussed here .This Paper addresses the design of High speed Architecture for Addition, Subtraction, Multiplication, Division operations using Vedic maths. The proposed Vedic Maths Sutras (computation protocol) that are discussed in the present work exhibits its efficiency in terms of speed and area utilisation, as validated on FPGA.
Biomass Characterization of Wild and Cultivated Cardoon Accessions and Estimation of Potential Biofuels Production
Authors: Mancini Micaela , Bresó Ana , Federico Rúa , Volpe Melisa Lanza , Leskovar Daniel , Cravero Vanina
Published: August 2022

Cardoon is considered an interesting raw material to obtain second-generation biofuels, due to its perennial culture condition and its rare use as food. In addition, cardoon being a rustic species, requires few inputs, has fast growth and high lignocellulosic biomass production. However, despite its large genetic variability worldwide both cardoon botanical varieties were subject only to few (cultivated cardoon) / zero (wild cardoon) breeding programs. The aims of this study were: I) to characterize biomass quality and quantity of genotypes of wild and cultivated cardoon in order to produce different types of biofuels; II) to identify the most promising accessions to be included in breeding programs for bioenergy characteristics or to be incorporated in the local agro-productive system. Performance of twelve C. cardunculus L. accessions (six cultivated cardoon and six wild cardoon) were compared through biometric, chemical and energetic characteristics. Moreover, the potential bioethanol and biomethane yields and the energy potentially generated from direct combustion were calculated for each botanical variety. Significant differences were found between botanical varieties for several biometric traits, but not in chemical traits except for ash content. Results indicate that cardoon biomass, especially cultivated cardoon, has characteristics that make this species a promising candidate to be grown for energy purposes under very low crop inputs in the local edapho-climatic conditions. In addition, our screening identified an accession that stands out based on yield, biomass composition and potential to produce different types of biofuels/bioenergy.
Lamin B1 curtails early human papillomavirus infection by safeguarding nuclear compartmentalization and autophagic capacity
Authors: Molenberghs Freya , Verschuuren Marlies , Vandeweyer Lauran , Peeters Sarah , Bogers Johannes , Novo Claudina Perez , Berghe Wim Vanden , De Reu Hans , Cools Nathalie , Schelhaas Mario , De Vos Winnok
Published: August 2022

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the prime elicitor of cervical and head-and-neck cancers. The HPV genome enters the nucleus during mitosis when the nuclear envelope dismantles. Since lamins safeguard nuclear integrity during interphase, we asked to what extent their loss would affect early HPV infection. We challenged human cervical cancer cells knocked out for the major lamin genes with a HPV16 pseudovirus (PsV) encoding an EGFP reporter and found that loss of lamin B1 amplified infection rate. A prolonged mitotic window and extensive nuclear rupture propensity during interphase led to a higher nuclear PsV load in LMNB1 knockout cells, but unchanged EGFP transcript levels pointed to an additional defect in protein turnover. We found a strong decrease in autophagic capacity in LMNB1 knockout cells, which we connect to the persistent activation of cGAS. Thus, loss of lamin B1 increases nuclear perviousness and blunts the autophagic capacity, which primes cells for unrestrained buildup of HPV capsids.
Investigating doctors' involvement to ACC/AHA 2018 blood cholesterol treatment recommendations at Al-Qurryyat General Hospital, in Northern Saudi Arabia
Authors: AlHindi yosra , Alanazi Radhi Mufadhi
Published: August 2022

Background: The updated 2018 American College of Cardiology (ACC) and American Heart Association (AHA) blood cholesterol treatment guideline showed a major shift in treating atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). In 2018 they recommendations were adopted to increase the number of persons using statin therapy, but the real-world observations especially in Saudi Arabia of how treatment use has changed has been limited in the literature. Doctors' involvement to ACC/AHA 2018 recommendations regarding prescribing medications have not been studied in Saudi Arabia.· Aim: To examine doctors' involvement to ACC/AHA 2018 cholesterol recommendations in managing patients with any acute atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. How they follow the role of prescribing statin medications and the proper doses for statin or other anti-cholesterol medications.· Results: Around 47% of the patients were managed according to the 2018 ACC/AHA recommendations. On the other hand, 53% of patients did not take statin. Doctors found to be adhering to the recommendations when managing patients with myocardial infarction and unstable angina in contrast to other astherovascular events. For the non-adherent patients 40% of them refused because of their own believes or the fear of the side effects.· Conclusion: our primary analysis concluded that around more than half of the patients with acute atherosclerotic diseases were not given the recommended statin by the 2018 ACC/AHA blood cholesterol recommendations, moreover some of them did not receiving any statin therapy.
compartment syndrome of the hand: a rare localization with a poor prognosis: two case reports and a literature review
Authors: bouziane walid , karbal jamal , agoumi omar , daoudi abdelkrim
Published: August 2022

Introduction:
Compartment syndrome is a medical-surgical emergency. In fact, it is a "race against the clock" to reduce, as quickly as possible, the pressure inside a well-defined muscular compartment. Its development at the hand level as part of a crushing trauma is a rare localization and mainly affects the radial interosseous muscular compartment. The diagnosis of hand compartment syndrome is primarily clinical. Its classical clinical triad includes spontaneous pain, paralysis, and pain increase during passive extension. Any additional examination must not, in any sense, delay the patient's management. Ignoring this surgical emergency can cause permanent damage to the hand.
Case report:
In this article, we will discuss our experience with two cases who presented with hand compartment syndrome after suffering numerous metacarpal fractures as a result of trauma. The treatment included a discharge dermofasciotomy, metacarpal pinning, and close hand surveillance. Excellent outcomes were seen after three months, with complete functional recovery of hand mobility.
Conclusion
The compartment syndrome in the hand is a rare localization that affects the hand's functional prognosis. Its treatment consists of two key components: discharge aponeurotomy and bone stabilization. There should be no delay in surgical treatment for this syndrome.
Minimizing JIT scheduling of unrelated parallel machine with family setups and soft time window constraints
Authors: Shafipour Milad , Rezaeian Javad , Foroutan Reza Alizadeh
Published: August 2022

Multi-machine scheduling has been one of the best-known and practical problems in the last decade and its applications are constantly increasing. This study addresses an unrelated parallel machine scheduling problem with family setups and soft time windows, in which machine eligibility and precedence constraints are considered. The objective is to minimize the total of weighted early and tardy costs. The problem is investigated for different sizes of jobs, families and machines. Two different metaheuristic algorithms, a simulated annealing (SA) and an artificial immune system (AIS) are presented. Two strategies called repair and penalty are proposed to implement predecessor constraints. Some computational experiments are performed and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) is conducted to compare the performance of the proposed metaheuristics and evaluate the designed combinations in terms of objective values and computational (CPU) times. Results demonstrate that SA with repair strategy generally outperforms other proposed methods.
Microbial responses to soil cooling might explain increases in microbial biomass in winter
Authors: Schnecker Jörg , Spiegel Felix , Li Yue , Richter Andreas , Sandén Taru , Spiegel Heide , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Fuchslueger Lucia
Published: August 2022

In temperate soil systems, microbial biomass often increases during winter and decreases again in spring. This build-up and release of microbial carbon could potentially lead to a stabilization of soil carbon during winter times. Whether this increase is caused by changes in microbial physiology, in community composition or by changed substrate allocation within microbes or communities is unclear. In a laboratory incubation study, we looked into microbial respiration and growth, as well as microbial glucose uptake and carbon resource partitioning in response to cooling. Soils taken from a temperate forest and an agricultural system in October 2020, were cooled down from field temperature of 11 °C to 1 °C. We determined microbial growth using 18O-incorporation into DNA immediately after cooling and after an acclimation phase of 7 days; in addition, we traced 13C-labelled glucose into microbial biomass, CO2 respired from the soil, and into microbial phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs). Our results show that the studied soil microbial communities responded immediately to soil cooling. Independent of soil type and acclimation period, total respiration, as well as 18O based growth, and thus cell division were strongly reduced when soils were cooled from 11 °C to 1 °C, while glucose uptake and glucose-derived respiration were unchanged. We found that microbes increased the investment of glucose-derived carbon in unsaturated phospholipid fatty acids at colder temperatures. Since unsaturated fatty acids retain fluidity at lower temperatures compared to saturated fatty acids, this could be interpreted as a precaution to reduced temperatures. Together with the maintained glucose uptake and reduced cell division, our findings show an immediate response of soil microorganisms to soil cooling, potentially to prepare for freeze-thaw events. The discrepancy between C uptake and cell division, further hints at a mechanism that could explain previously observed high microbial biomass carbon in temperate soils in winter.
Postindustrial landscapes are neglected localities which may play an important role in the urban ecology of ticks and tick-borne diseases
Authors: Dvořáková Anna , Klímová Anita , Hrnková Johana , Černý Jiří
Published: August 2022

Background
Numerous recent studies have shown that ticks and tick-borne pathogens pose a considerable threat in urban areas, such as parks, playgrounds, zoos, cemeteries etc. Abandoned postindustrial localities, and other types of vague terrain, are another example of urban wilderness areas which have been absolutely neglected in respect to ticks and tick-borne pathogens thus far, even though they provide ideal biotopes for ticks.
Methods
The abundance of ticks and prevalence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato spirochetes were compared between a city park and an adjacent abandoned construction waste disposal site in Prague, Czechia during the 2021 tick season.
Results
The results showed that ticks and borrelia spirochetes are present at the city park as well as at the abandoned construction waste disposal site, although, in lower numbers.
Discussion
According to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report describing the presence of ticks and tick-borne pathogens in an urban postindustrial landscape. More detailed studies are needed to uncover the role of these localities in the ecology of ticks and ecoepidemiology of tick-borne diseases in urban areas.
High-accuracy and high-speed calculation of second-order ODE by the interpolation finite difference method
Authors: Fukuchi Tsugio
Published: August 2022

Numerical calculation of differential equations using the finite difference method (FDM) is entering a new phase. The high-accuracy calculation system of the interpolation FDM (IFDM) enables extremely high-accuracy numerical calculation. One of the higher-order difference schemes of IFDM is defined as the compact interpolation finite difference (CIFD) scheme. According to this finite difference (FD) scheme, it becomes clear that it can be calculated with 15 significant figures in the numerical analysis of the 1D Poisson equation under double precision calculation. Thus, it is possible to perform an apparent error-free calculation. The 1D Poisson equation is a special form of the second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE), but this paper shows that the methods reported thus far are generalized to the general second-order ODE.
Gaps in research and capacity development for malaria surveillance and response in the Asia- Pacific: meeting report
Authors: Sirimatayanant Massaya , Hein Phone Si , Anderson Laura Fay , Montoya Lucía Fernández , Potter Rebecca , Nghipumbwa Mwalenga , Ranaweera Prasad , Ngor Pengby , Phetsouvanh Rattanaxay , Maude Richard James
Published: August 2022

Background
In light of the 2030 regional malaria elimination goal, there is an urgency for Asia-Pacific countries to accelerate progress towards national elimination and prevent re-establishment. The Asia Pacific Malaria Elimination Network (APMEN) Surveillance Response Working Group (SRWG) supports elimination goals of national malaria control programmes (NMCPs) by expanding the knowledge base, guiding the region-specific operational research agenda and addressing evidence gaps to improve surveillance and response activities.
Method
An online annual meeting was hosted from 1–3 November 2021, to reflect on research needed to support malaria elimination in the region, challenges with malaria data quality and integration, current surveillance-related technical tools, and training needs of NMCPs to support surveillance and response activities. Facilitator-led breakout groups were held during meeting sessions to encourage discussion and share experience. A list of identified research priorities was voted on by attendees and non-attending NMCP APMEN contacts.
Findings
127 participants from 13 country partners and 44 partner institutions attended the meeting, identifying strategies to address malaria transmission amongst mobile and migrant populations as the top research priority, followed by cost effective surveillance strategies in low resource settings, and integration of malaria surveillance into broader health systems. Key challenges, solutions and best practices for improving data quality and integrating epidemiology and entomology data were identified, including technical solutions to improve surveillance activities, guiding priority themes for hosting informative webinars, training workshops and technical support initiatives. Inter-regional partnerships and SRWG-led training plans were developed in consultation with members to be launched from 2022 onwards.
Conclusion
The 2021 SRWG annual meeting provided an opportunity for regional stakeholders, both NMCPs and APMEN partner institutions, to highlight remaining challenges and barriers and identify research priorities pertaining to surveillance and response in the region, and advocate for strengthening capacity through training and supportive partnerships.
Possibilities of inhalation anesthetics in blocking an excessive inflammatory response: a review
Authors: Sitkin Sergey I.
Published: August 2022

The aim of the review is to analyze the available literature data on the effect of inhalation anesthetics on inflammation. Inflammation is the most important protective and adaptive, genetically determined process that occurs in response to damage or the action of a pathogenic factor, such as bacteria, fungi and viruses. This protective reaction is based on the activation of immune cells (neutrophilic granulocytes, monocytes, macrophages) with subsequent release of reactive oxygen species (ROS), activation of the nuclear factor κappa B (NF-κB), which causes the expression of inflammation genes and, as a result, the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
The analysis of the results of experimental and clinical studies on this topic showed that inhalation anesthetics such as isoflurane, sevoflurane, desflurane have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The analysis of the results of experimental and clinical studies on this topic showed that inhalation anesthetics, and primarily sevoflurane, have a powerful anti-inflammatory effect. The anti-inflammatory effect of inhalation anesthetics is multifactorial. Experimental studies have shown that inhalation anesthetics reduce the production of reactive oxygen species.
Inhalation anesthetics also block the activation of the main trigger of inflammation, namely NF-κB, and reduce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Inhalation anesthetics also block the activation of the main trigger of inflammation, namely NF-κB. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effect, inhalation anesthetics are characterized by an antiviral effect. Serious clinical studies are needed to explore the possibility of using inhalational anesthetics to block the inflammatory response.
Multiple relaxation times in perturbed XXZ chain
Authors: Mierzejewski Marcin , Pawłowski Jakub , Prelovsek Peter , Herbrych Jacek
Published: August 2022

We numerically study the relaxation of correlation functions in
weakly perturbed integrable XXZ chain. The decay of the spin-current and
the energy-current correlations at zero magnetization are well described
by single, but quite distinct, relaxation rates governed by the square
of the perturbation strength gg.
However, at finite magnetization a single correlation function reveals
multiple relaxation rates. The result can be understood in terms of
multi-scale relaxation scenario, where various relaxation times are
linked with various quantities which are conserved in the reference
integrable system. On the other hand, the correlations of non-commuting
quantities, being conserved at particular anisotropies
\DeltaΔ,
decay non-exponentially with characteristic time scale linear in
gg.
Evaluating the influence of leverage and liquidity on the financial performance of general insurance companies in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Sthembiso Msomi Thabiso
Published: August 2022

The factors of the insurance industry’s business performance are of concern to a variety of participants in any economy, such as the government, politicians, policyholders, and speculators. There has been very little research on this issue in Sub-Saharan Africa, with the majority focusing on specific factors that influence the performance of insurance businesses. The purpose of this paper was to evaluate the influence of leverage and liquidity on financial performance of general insurance companies in Sub-Saharan Africa. The study used descriptive correlational techniques to obtain panel data across 113 general insurers operating in Sub-Saharan Africa as of December 31, 2019, for 11 years (2008–2019). The pooled OLS, fixed effects and random effects models were estimated with the financial performance measures (proxied by ROA) as the dependent variables where the Hausman test was employed to test the hypothesis. The study found that there is a negative negligible link between leverage and financial performance, whereas there is a positive association between liquidity and financial performance. The study suggested that proper liquidity management is critical for insurance businesses to enhance a company’s value as well as financial success. The focus should be on establishing a proper asset-liability mix, in which a company’s total liabilities do not exceed its total assets. Furthermore, organizations require cash flow policy recommendations to optimize profit potential while limiting liquidity risk in the financial statement.
Flood vulnerability assessment at the local scale using remote sensing and GIS techniques: a case study in Da Nang City, Vietnam
Authors: Thi An Tran , Izuru Saizen , Narumasa Tsutsumida , Raghavan Venkatesh , Hanh Le Ngoc , Van An Nguyen , Long Nguyen Vinh , Thi Thuy Ngo , Minh Truong Phuoc
Published: August 2022

This paper has developed a cost-efficient framework for flood vulnerability assessment at a local scale using a multi-parametric approach integrated with the Open Source Geographical Information System (GIS) and Open Remote Sensing data. The study focuses on generating a set of criteria considering three dimensions of flood vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity (AC) on an index-based approach. These indicators were decided based on a robust analysis considering the physical and socio-economic conditions of the study area. The flood exposure was generated from the geomorphological and hydrological parameters integrated with the flood water depth, the distance to river channels, and the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index. The flood sensitivity was determined by the aggregation of local income, land use, poverty index, population density, and other parameters reflecting the socio-economic condition. The AC has been evaluated based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, the density of the community service facilities, and other factors related to the coping capacity to flood. Finally, the flood vulnerability at the local scale was determined based on the integration of its contributing factors using the Analytical Hierarchical Process-based aggregated model. Results indicated that a total of 20 parameters impacted the flood vulnerability of the research area. The findings also confirmed that among the indicators of flood vulnerability of Da Nang City, the flood depth, land-use condition, and drainage system are the key factors affecting the vulnerability level. The empirical assessment showed that the study area is significantly affected by flood vulnerability with more than 60% of the area having the vulnerability level from moderate to very high. In addition, this paper points out that the vulnerability research should be localized and is not always based on the administrative units. This practice can make the decision-making process and adaptation plan more appropriate locally. Especially, this study attempted to evaluate the accuracy of the flood vulnerability map for the first time by using field survey data and the statistical report on flood damage that most of the previous studies have not conducted yet. This framework provides a valuable toolkit for flood management in data-scarce regions all over the world.
GIS-based spatio-temporal assessment of forest cover change and carbon sequestrations of District Abbottabad, Pakistan
Authors: Goheer Muhammad Arif , Hassan Sher Shah , Gul Kaenat , Waqar Mahnoor , Parveen Nazia
Published: August 2022

Forest plays an important role in the climate of a country and ecosystem's balance. During the last decade, District Abbottabad of Pakistan has gone through extensive land-use changes due to accelerated development, urbanization, and agriculture. This study examines the change in forest cover due to environmental factors with the help of satellite images (Landsat, Sentinel) and their classification through supervised classification, as well as the application of change detection technique after classification using geographical information system (GIS) over the last three decades (1986–2019). The land-use transition matrix was calculated from the year 1986 to 2019. The result shows an overall significant increase of 3.17, 17.24, and 7.24% in the forest, vegetation, and built-up areas, respectively; whereas, water bodies and others (barren land) have decreased significantly by 0.69 and 26.96%, respectively. This study also provides an assessment of the incline of carbon stock from the forest area over the period of the study by 17.19%.
A comprehensive method to classify subgroups of bruxers in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) individuals: frequency, clinical and psychological implications
Authors: Omar Franklin Molina  , Zeila Coelho Santos  , Bruno Ricardo Huber Simião  , Rógerio Ferreira Marchezan  , Natalia de Paula e Silva  , Karla Regina Gama
Published: August 2022

Bruxism is an oral pnenomenon described as a parafunctional activity involving nocturnal and/or diurnal tooth clenching and/or grinding which may cause teeth wearing, fatigue, pain in the muscles and temporomandibular joints and limitations in mandibular movements. Objective: To classify bruxers in four different subgroups. Material and methods: Evaluation of 162 individuals presenting temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) referred consecutively over a period of six years. Chief complaint, history of signs/symptoms and clinical examination were used to gather data. Individuals were classified as TMDs if they were seeking active treatment for the following complaints: pain in the masticatory muscles and/or temporomandibular joints (TMJs), difficulties to perform normal jaw movements, tenderness to palpation of muscle and joints, joint noises and. Patients were classified as mild, moderate, severe and extreme bruxers if they presented 3 to 5, 6 to 10, 11 to 15 or 16 to 25 signs and symptoms of bruxing behavior, respectively. Data was submitted to Chi-square for independence and Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05). Results: Frequencies of 16.1%, 29.6%, 31.5% and 22.8% of mild, moderate, severe and extreme bruxing behavior were found in this study. Moderate and severe bruxing behavior occurred more frequently than mild and extreme bruxing behavior (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: The four groups of bruxers occurred more or less frequently in this study and mild and extreme bruxing behavior demonstrated the lowest frequencies of such behavior.
Lack of pulp sensitivity in maxillary canines submitted to orthodontic traction: a retrospective clinical study
Authors: Luciana Louzada Ferreira  , Eduardo Macluf Filho  , Cláudio Luis Rodrigues  , Carlos Eduardo da Silveira Bueno  , Rodrigo Sanches Cunha
Published: August 2022

Orthodontic movement may cause a great number of tissue alterations in the dental pulp. However, these changes may not be entirely recognized owing to the difficulty in simulating clinical situations. Objective: The aim of this study was to clinically assess the incidence of negative pulp sensitivity to cold among maxillary canines in infraocclusion submitted to orthodontic traction. Material and methods: Two study groups were selected: an experimental group, comprising 32 canine teeth with complete root formation that had been submitted to orthodontic traction, and a control group, comprising 32 canine teeth with complete root formation that had never been submitted to any orthodontic movement. Results: Fourteen teeth from the experimental group showed lack of pulp sensitivity, whereas only one tooth from the control group showed negative pulp sensitivity. Fischer’s exact test revealed a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the teeth that had been submitted to orthodontic traction were more likely to lack sensitivity than those that had not been submitted to the same procedure.
Oral hygiene practices among paramedical staff of a private dental institution in India
Authors: Amith Holenarasipur Vasanthakumar  , Audrey Madonna D’Cruz  , Shahima Samad  , Shanima  , Shazmi Hasan Dhinda  , Sheikh Mohammad Mansib  , Shreya Nayak
Published: August 2022

Health promotion in dentistry is targeted at the two most common oral diseases – dental caries and periodontal disease. The maintenance of good oral hygiene is considered to be a central issue in oral health promotion. Objective: To assess the oral hygiene practices among paramedical staff of a private dental institution in India. Material and methods: A cross sectional questionnaire survey was undertaken among 100 paramedical staff of a private dental institution in Mangalore, India. Data was collected by using self designed questionnaire. Results: About 49% of the subjects brushed thrice with soft toothbrush and 55% changed their tooth brush once in 3 months. About 77% of them cleaned their tongue either by tongue cleaner, toothbrush or finger and 82% of the subjects used tooth paste. About 56% of the subjects had never used dental floss. Majority of the subjects (56%) visited the dentist only when required. Conclusion: Oral hygiene practices among the paramedical staff were poor.
Burnout syndrome: evaluation in dentists in the city of Fortaleza, Brazil
Authors: Sandro Dias Rocha Mendes Carneiro  , Camila Castro Tourinho  , Tathiane Araújo Pedrosa do Vale  , Yvonne de Souza Gurjão Campêlo  , Fábio de Almeida Gomes  , Danilo Lopes Ferreira Lima
Published: August 2022

The objective of this study was to assess the occurrence of burnout syndrome in dentists in the city of Fortaleza. Material and methods: By means of an analytical-descriptive research of quantitative character through the application of a MBI (Maslach Burnout Inventory) and a socio-cultural questionnaire. Results: The sample of 100 respondents was equally divided into female and male (50%), with a mean age of 38.09 years, 60% married, 34% single and 6% divorced. Most of the participants had between one and 20 years of tenure (62%), with a predominance of weekly working hours from 21 to 40 hours (44%). Conclusion: Burnout syndrome was diagnosed in 32% of respondents, without statistical significant differences in the relationship among gender and working hours, marital status and years of tenure (Mann Whiteney p < 0.005).
Surgical treatment of transmigration of mandibular canine
Authors: Ana Maria Estivalete Marchionatti  , Vinícius Felipe Wandscher  , Felipe Wehner Flores  , Jorge Abel Flores
Published: August 2022

The occurrence of canine impaction is not a rare phenomenon, but transmigration of the tooth across the midline is a less common event. The finding is normally asymptomatic and the etiologic factors involved in the transmigration process are still unclear. Objective: To present a clinical case of surgical treatment of a transmigrated mandibular canine. Case report: A 17-year-old male patient presented to the dental clinic to remove an unerupted canine. Clinical and radiological examinations led to the diagnosis of a transmigrated canine in the mental region. Surgical removal was the treatment of choice and further radiographs were needed to complement the clinical exam and to determine the location of the tooth precisely for the surgical procedure. Postoperative period was uneventful. Canine transmigration is a rare finding and symptoms are usually absent. Conclusion: An early detection is important to plan the treatment and mainly to avoid future complications.
Bone apposition and surface treatment in dental implants: histomorphometric pilot evaluation in rabbits
Authors: Marcos Nunes Lourenço  , Elisa Mattias Sartori  , Luis Eduardo Marques Padovan  , Geninho Thomé  , Rafael Silveira Faeda  , Elcio Marcantonio Jr  , Marcela Claudino
Published: August 2022

The surface of dental implants is an important factor for osseointegration process and different methods of surface treatment have been described. Objective: To investigate the bone apposition in implant surface treated with sandblasting and acid-etching.Material and methods: Ten rabbits were selected and received one implant treated with method I in the left tibia and one implant treated with method II in the right tibia. Then, twenty implants were divided in two groups, according to methods of sandblasting and acid-etching (method I and method II). After 7, 14, 30, 45 and 60 days, tibias were retrieved and submitted to histotechnical procedures. The percentages of bone–implant contact (BIC) and bone area between threads (BABT) were determined throughout histomorphometric analysis and bone apposition was detected in implants of both groups. Results: In BABT measurements, an increase was observed after 45 and 60 days in the method II, compared to method I and no differences were found after 7, 14 and 30 days. In BIC measurements, an increase was detected with method II at 45 days when compared to method I. No differences between groups in BIC values were observed after 7, 14, 30 and 60 days. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that implants treated with the method II presented increase in the contact between bone and implant after 45 days compared to method I. Moreover, with concern to bone area between threads, it was observed an increased in the method II after 45 and 60 days. However, both groups can be successfully used as a therapeutic strategy to rehabilitation of edentulous patients. Then, further experiments are needed to evaluate, in depth, the putative differential role of each surface treatment.
Bonding performance of a self-adhering flowable composite to substrates used in direct technique
Authors: Rubens Nazareno Garcia  , Andrey Everton Morelli  , Beatriz Steinbach da Silva  , Bruna Marina Giongo  , Camila Pickering Pollheim  , Gabriela Schlemper Largura  , Laura Fernanda Mensch  , Mariana Franco Costa  , Nádia Regina Candiotto  , Ana Cristina Rocha Gomes
Published: August 2022

Simplified restorative materials may be a logical next step for dental manufacturers. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable composite to four substrates used in direct technique. Material and methods: Eighteen samples (5 mm wide, 15 mm length and 2 mm thick) of bovine teeth – uncut enamel/UE, cut enamel/CE, median dentin/MD (6 samples each) – and blocks (also 6 samples) of the nanocomposite/NC Filtek Z350 XT (3M ESPE) were used, and samples of each substrate were divided into two groups (n = 3). Two flowable composites (Control/FF – Filtek Z350 XT Flow/3M ESPE, and the self-adhering/DF – Dyad Flow/Kerr) were bonded to the four substrates. For all groups and in each sample, four Tygon tubings were positioned over the sample, which were filled in with the composites FF and DF, and visible light-cured for 20 s. The tubings were removed to expose the cylinder-shape specimens (12 per group) and samples were stored in relative humidity at 37±2°C for one week. After this period, each sample was attached to testing machine and the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength test at speed of 1.0 mm/min, until failure. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The means (SD) were (in MPa): UE + FF = 20.8 ± 1.0; UE + DF = 23.9 ± 3.1; CE + FF = 22.7 ± 1.8; CE + DF = 29.6 ± 5.4; MD + FF = 24.8 ± 4.5; MD + DF = 20.8 ± 3.2; NC + FF = 25.9 ± 6.2; NC + DF = 28.4 ± 5.1. Conclusion: The efficacy of flowable composites is material-dependent. The self-adhering composite provided higher bond strength on both cut enamel and nanocomposite. Comparing to the control group, Dyad Flow showed lower bond strength to median dentin, however higher bond strength to cut enamel.
Violence against children and adolescents: the importance of knowledge of the spectrum of bruise colors in its diagnosis
Authors: Lara Maria Herrera  , Mônica da Costa Serra  , Clemente Maia da Silva Fernandes
Published: August 2022

One of the violence types more observed against children is the physical abuse, which produces many types of traumatic injuries. Contusions are common trauma signs and may indicate aggression when frequently present in locations where accidental injuries are rare. Contusions in skin undergo color changes with the passage of time, and such change in color is called “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle”. Thus, it is possible to estimate the age of the lesion based on the evaluation of color. Injuries caused by child abuse often reach regions of head, face and neck, because they are exposed and easily accessible. Therefore, the dentist is responsible with regard to the diagnosis and the actions to be undertaken against the cases of child abuse. Objective: To present and discuss the significance of the spectrum of bruise colors as a considerable visible trace in suspicion of violence against children and adolescents, during dentists’ clinical routine. Literature review:The study of the “spectrum of bruise colors of Legrand du Saulle” refers to the estimation of the age of the injury, in respect to the color change. The application of this study is of great value for identify if a lesion occurred from a single incident or from multiple incidents, especially in cases where it occurs in the same region of the body, indicative of repetitive trauma. Conclusion: The spectrum of bruise colors is very important for health professionals, such as dentists, for the identification or suspicion of cases of abuse against children and adolescents. As great part of the lesions originated of abuse involve the areas of head and neck, it is unacceptable that these professionals are unaware of the basic signs to help in early diagnosis, which is the case of the colors of the lesions. However, concerning the chronology of the spectrum of bruise colors, it is not possible to establish rigorous times.
Bonding performance of a self-adhering flowable composite to indirect restorative materials
Authors: Rubens Nazareno Garcia  , Caroline Silvestri Silva  , Giovana Gochinski Silva  , Guilhermo Mocellin  , José Ozelame  , Laís Fracasso  , Matheus Bernhardt Ozelame  , Reinaldo Francisco do Nascimento  , Ana Cristina Rocha Gomes
Published: August 2022

Simplified restorative materials may be a logical next step for dental manufacturers. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the shear bond strength of a self-adhering flowable composite to four substrates used in indirect technique. Material and methods: Twenty-four samples (5 mm wide, 15 mm length and 2 mm thick / six blocks each substrate) were prepared in the dental prosthetic laboratory. The following materials were used: ceromer (SR Adoro/AD, Ivoclar Vivadent), leucite ceramic (IPS Empress Esthetic/EE, Ivoclar Vivadent), zirconia ceramic (ZirCAD/ZI, Ivoclar Vivadent); metal ceramic alloy (Fit Cast SB/ME, Talladium do Brasil). Samples of each substrate were divided into two groups (n = 3). Two flowable composites (Control/FF – Filtek Z350 XT Flow/3M ESPE, and the self-adhering/DF – Dyad Flow/Kerr) were bonded to the four substrates. Four Tygon tubings were positioned over each sample, which were filled in with the composites FF and DF, and visible light-cured for 20 s. The tubings were removed to expose the specimens (12 per group) in format of cylinders and samples were stored in distilled water at 37±2°C for one week. After this period, each sample was attached to testing machine and the specimens were submitted to the shear bond strength test at speed of 1.0 mm/min, until failure. The results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: The means (SD) were (in MPa): AD + FF = 34.4 ± 4.9; AD + DF = 28.2 ± 4.2; EE + FF = 29.7 ± 5.8; EE + DF = 32.3 ± 6.9; ZI + FF = 23.2 ± 5.4; ZI + DF = 8.5 ± 1.5; ME + FF = 28.9 ± 4.2; ME + DF = 31.7 ± 4.5. Conclusion: The efficacy of flowable composites is material-dependent. The self-adhering composite provided lower bond strength only to zirconia ceramic. Comparing with the control group, Dyad Flow showed lower bond strength to the ceromer and zirconia ceramic.
Comparative evaluation of pH and solubility of MTA Fillapex® endodontic sealer
Authors: Meiryelen Silva Finger  , Gislaine Faraoni  , Michel do Carmo Masson  , Rogério Aparecido Minini dos Santos  , Ana Claudia Baladelli Silva Cimardi  , Fausto Rodrigo Victorino
Published: August 2022

To evaluate pH and solubility of MTA Fillapex® cement. Material and methods: Patients were divided into four groups: GI (MTA Fillapex®), GII (Sealer 26®), GIII (Sealapex®) and GIV (AH Plus®). Samples of each group with 10 mm in diameter and 2 mm in height were immersed into water at neutral pH and kept at 37ºC. After 3 hours, the first pH measurement was carried out and repeated at 24 hour intervals for seven days. The data were submitted to Anova (p < 0.05). To analyze the solubility, specimens with 20 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness were weighed after the setting time, and maintained in distilled water at 37ºC for seven days. After this period, the specimens were again weighed. The difference between their weighs represents the mass loss. The data were subjected to Student’s t test for paired samples (p < 0.05). Results:GI and GIII showed pH increase at the first 24 hours, with a significant reduction compared with the other cements. GIV was the smallest mass loss, followed by GII, GIII and GI. Conclusion:MTA Fillapex® has higher solubility than that of resin cements, but its pH remained above 10 for seven days.
Masseteric cysticercosis: an uncommon appearance diagnosed on ultrasound
Authors: Vinod Vijay Chander  , Sridevi Koduri  , Atul Kaushik  , Manpreet Kalra  , Renu Tanwar  , Sukeerat Mann
Published: August 2022

Cysticercosis occurs when man is infested by the larvae of Taenia solium. Cysticercosis involving the maxillofacial region is not only an uncommon event, but also represents a difficulty in clinical diagnosis. Objective: The present manuscript highlights masseteric cysticercosis as a differential diagnosis of chronic maxillofacial swellings and the role of high resolution sonography as an important noninvasive and non-ionizing imaging modality. Case report: We present a case of masseteric cysticercosis in an eight year old Indian boy, its clinical features, the imaging modalities required and adequate management of the case. Conclusion: Cysticercosis should always be a part of the differential diagnosis of maxillofacial swellings. A thorough case history, clinical examination, proper investigations and conservative treatment forms the mainstay for management of affected patients.
Comparative analysis of four cleaning methods of endodontic files
Authors: Bárbara Guandalini  , Ivana Vendramini  , Denise Piotto Leonardi  , Flávia Sens Fagundes Tomazinho1  , Paulo Henrique Tomazinho
Published: August 2022

Due to the size and design of endodontic files, these instruments have been considered one of the most difficult to clean among all dental instruments. The debris maintenance within the sulcus prevents the effective sterilization and may compromise the disinfection of root canal systems in endodontic therapy. However, there is neither a method nor technique that standardized the cleaning of these instruments. Objective: To evaluate the cleaning ability of four techniques used in dentistry. Material and methods: For this purpose, 30 new size #40 Flexofile were used for the preparation of the canals of mandibular molars of pigs. After instrumentation, the contamination and the presence of debris in the sulcus was confirmed and the files were randomly divided into four groups: control group (without cleaning), group 1 (enzymatic detergent + manual brushing with nylon bristle brush), group 2 (ultrasound + enzymatic detergent), group 3 (ultrasound + water) and group 4 (gauze embedded in 70% alcohol). Next, all files were photographed and photographs were printed at high quality. The spirals containing debris were counted.Results: Manual cleaning with enzymatic detergent and nylon bristle brush, ultrasound with either water or detergent showed the best cleaning capacity in which respectively 100%, 98.9% and 96.2%, of the spirals were free of debris. Cleaning with alcohol and gauze proved to be ineffective, showing debris in more than 40% of the spirals by visual analysis. In control group, 91% of the spirals presented debris. It can be concluded that the association between manual and ultrasound cleaning may be promising in ensuring a cleaning protocol for endodontic files cleaning.
Photoelasticity in Dentistry: a literature review
Authors: Cássia Bellotto Corrêa  , Ana Lúcia Roselino Ribeiro  , José Maurício dos Santos Nunes Reis  , Luís Geraldo Vaz
Published: August 2022

Photoelasticity consists of an experimental technique of stress analysis. This technique is very used in most different areas including Dentistry. This literature review presents the several applications of photoelastic technique in Dentistry the several applications of photoelastic technique in Dentistryas well as its advantages and disadvantages. Literature review:Based on this method of analysis, it is possible the verification of the stress distribution and deformation in structures with complex geometry as maxilla and mandible. It can be used to evaluate the distribution of stress on several types of prosthesis as removable partial denture systems with different retention systems, conventional implant prosthesis, overdentures and Brånemark protocols. Moreover, photoelasticity can be used to assess the stress generated by various by various orthodontic movements, different orthodontic systems and different materials (orthodontic wires). In addition, it is used to analyze different defects of maxillectomy, splint types on traumatized tooth and post-core restoration methods. This technique can also be used to assess dental instruments such as evaluation of different designs of periodontal probe. Conclusion: The photoelastic analysis has been a technique of great importance in health area studies, more specifically in Dentistry. Based on this method of analysis, it is possible to measure the stress distribution and deformation in structures with complex geometry as maxilla and mandible.