bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Registro de Marca como Instrumento de Proteção de Ativos de Propriedade Intelectual nas Universidades: uma revisão bibliométrica
Authors: Sales Marcos Augusto Oliveira , Pires Edilson Araújo
Published: July 2023

A abordagem deste artigo circunda três grandezas: as instituições de ensino superior, em particular as universidades, como agentes impulsionadores do conhecimento, da inovação e da geração de desenvolvimento econômico; a Propriedade Intelectual (PI), como elemento estratégico na proteção de ativos; e o registro de marca, como sendo o instrumento de PI mais utilizado no mundo. Esta pesquisa busca encontrar elementos científicos capazes de evidenciar e/ou compreender como o registro de marca é utilizado pelas universidades como mecanismos de proteção de outros ativos de PI ligados a produtos e/ou serviços. Foi utilizada a pesquisa exploratória com abordagem quali-quantitativa, por meio da prospecção bibliométrica na base de pesquisas Scopus. Os resultados apontam que esse tema é pouco estudado, pois possui um pequeno número de publicações e baixa interação no meio científico, apesar de ser um tema relevante no universo da PI.
Propriedade Intelectual na Incubadora de Empresas IN-UEA: elaboração de manual para auxílio no registro de marcas
Authors: Souza Rayner do Nascimento , Santos Rosa Maria Nascimento dos , Oliveira Raimundo Correa de
Published: July 2023

O estudo tem como objetivo geral elaborar um manual de marca que possa auxiliar as empresas incubadas na universidade do Estado do Amazonas no processo de registro. Os métodos empregados foram a pesquisa bibliográfica, de natureza aplicada e cunho descritivo. Resoluções da Universidade Estadual do Amazonas também foram consultadas no decurso da pesquisa com vistas a elaboração do material aqui evidenciado. O estudo gerou como resultado um manual de registro de marca. Esse material possui uma linguagem de fácil entendimento passando por todas as etapas de registro, conforme estabelecido pelo Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial (INPI). O trabalho realizado visou dar ênfase à relevância dos registros de marca para as instituições incubadoras de empresas.
Micros e Pequenas Empresas (MPES) e Tecnologias Limpas: um levantamento em documentos patentários do Projeto-Piloto Patentes MPE
Authors: Silva Gizele Catarina Martins da , Silva Fernando Selleri
Published: July 2023

As Micros e Pequenas Empresas (MPEs) representam a maioria das empresas no Brasil e causam um impacto significativo na economia e no meio ambiente. Este artigo tem o objetivo de identificar se as MPEs desenvolvem tecnologias classificadas como tecnologias limpas, segundo Classificação CPC e IPC. Buscou-se mapear as patentes concedidas no processo prioritário Patentes MPE classificadas como tecnologias ambientalmente saudáveis. Como resultados, foi observado que a implementação de tecnologias no contexto de tecnologias limpas ainda é incipiente, e a adesão das MPEs ao processo prioritário é reduzida.
Aguardente de Mandioca Tiquira: um potencial de Indicação Geográfica para o Estado do Maranhão
Authors: Almeida Rafael Mendonça , Nascimento Jaqueline Silva , Melo Sheila Souza Corrêa de
Published: July 2023

Este trabalho tem como objetivo destacar o potencial do Estado do Maranhão como Indicação Geográfica para a aguardente de mandioca Tiquira. A bebida apresenta grandes chances de se tornar a primeira Indicação Geográfica do Estado, devido a vários fatores: i) possui uma tradição vinculada ao local de produção; ii) três empresas maranhenses já possuem registros junto ao Ministério da Agricultura, Abastecimento e Pecuária para a produção da bebida, incluindo uma cooperativa e iii) existem documentos suficientes que respaldam o pedido de Indicação Geográfica junto ao Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial. Foram realizadas visitas técnicas a alambiques em municípios da região. Foram identificados um total de 120 produtores de Tiquira. Algumas conclusões apontam para os benefícios do registro Tiquira, incluindo maior competitividade do produto, aumento da visibilidade no mercado e melhoria na qualidade de vida e renda dos produtores. Outra oportunidade é o turismo surge como uma promissora atividade econômica.
Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels in Adults With Coronary Artery Disease in the US, January 2015 to March 2020
Authors: Aggarwal Rahul , Chiu Nicholas , Libby Peter , Boden William E. , Bhatt Deepak L.
Published: July 2023

This study uses National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data to examine lipid control among adults in the US with coronary artery disease from January 2015 to March 2020.
Reports of Injection Site Necrosis After 23-Valent Pneumococcal Vaccine Use
Authors: Day Brendan , Thompson Deborah , Mba-Jonas Adamma , Alimchandani Meghna
Published: July 2023

This case series uses postmarketing data to evaluate the incidence of injection site necrosis after 23-valent pneumococcal vaccine use in the global market.
Associations of Food Insecurity and Memory Function Among Middle to Older–Aged Adults in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Lu Peiyi , Kezios Katrina , Jawadekar Neal , Swift Samuel , Vable Anusha , Zeki Al Hazzouri Adina
Published: July 2023

Importance

Food insecurity is a leading public health issue in the US. Research on food insecurity and cognitive aging is scarce, and is mostly cross-sectional. Food insecurity status and cognition both can change over the life course, but their longitudinal relationship remains unexplored.

Objective

To examine the longitudinal association between food insecurity and changes in memory function during a period of 18 years among middle to older–aged adults in the US.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Health and Retirement Study is an ongoing population-based cohort study of individuals aged 50 years or older. Participants with nonmissing information on their food insecurity in 1998 who contributed information on memory function at least once over the study period (1998-2016) were included. To account for time-varying confounding and censoring, marginal structural models were created, using inverse probability weighting. Data analyses were conducted between May 9 and November 30, 2022.

Main outcomes and Measures

In each biennial interview, food insecurity status (yes/no) was assessed by asking respondents whether they had enough money to buy food or ate less than they felt they should. Memory function was a composite score based on self-completed immediate and delayed word recall task of a 10-word list and proxy-assessed validated instruments.

Results

The analytic sample included 12 609 respondents (mean [SD] age, 67.7 [11.0] years, 8146 [64.60%] women, 10 277 [81.51%] non-Hispanic White), including 11 951 food-secure and 658 food-insecure individuals in 1998. Over time, the memory function of the food-secure respondents decreased by 0.045 SD units annually (β for time, −0.045; 95% CI, −0.046 to −0.045 SD units). The memory decline rate was faster among food-insecure respondents than food-secure respondents, although the magnitude of the coefficient was small (β for food insecurity × time, −0.0030; 95% CI, −0.0062 to −0.00018 SD units), which translates to an estimated 0.67 additional (ie, excess) years of memory aging over a 10-year period for food-insecure respondents compared with food-secure respondents.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of middle to older–aged individuals, food insecurity was associated with slightly faster memory decline, suggesting possible long-term negative cognitive function outcomes associated with exposure to food insecurity in older age.
Gender Representation Among Editors of Major Pediatric Journals
Authors: Allan Jessica M. , Jacobs Jeremy W. , Spector Nancy D. , Rodrigues Armijo Priscila , Booth Garrett S. , Silver Julie K.
Published: July 2023

This cross-sectional study analyzes inequities in the gender of editors for 3 major pediatric journals.
Body Mass Index and Associated Medical Expenditures in the US Among Privately Insured Individuals Aged 2 to 19 Years in 2018
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Belay Brook , Pierce Samantha L. , Grosse Scott D. , Goodman Alyson B.
Published: July 2023

Importance

Nearly 40% of US youth aged 2 to 19 years do not have a body mass index (BMI) in the healthy weight category. However, there are no recent estimates for BMI-associated expenditures using clinical or claims data.

Objective

To estimate medical expenditures among US youth across all BMI categories along with sex and age groups.

Design, Setting, Participants

This cross-sectional study used IQVIA’s ambulatory electronic medical records (AEMR) data set linked with IQVIA’s PharMetrics Plus Claims database from January 2018 through December 2018. Analysis was performed from March 25, 2022, through June 20, 2022. It included a convenience sample of a geographically diverse patient population from AEMR and PharMetrics Plus. The study sample included privately insured individuals with a BMI measurement in 2018 and excluded patients with pregnancy-related visits.

Exposure

BMI categories.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Total medical expenditures were estimated using generalized linear model regression with γ distribution and log-link function. For out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures, a 2-part model was used that included logistic regression to estimate the probability of positive expenditures followed by generalized linear model. Estimates were shown with and without accounting for sex, race and ethnicity, payer type, geographic region, age interacted with sex and BMI categories, and confounding conditions.

Results

The sample included 205 876 individuals aged 2 to 19 years; 104 066 were male (50.5%) and the median age was 12 years. Compared with those with healthy weight, total and OOP expenditures were higher for all other BMI categories. Differences in total expenditures were highest for those with severe obesity ($909; 95% CI, $600-$1218) followed by underweight ($671; 95% CI, $286-$1055) compared with healthy weight. Differences in OOP expenditures were highest for those with severe obesity ($121; 95% CI, $86-$155) followed by underweight ($117; 95% CI, $78-$157) compared with healthy weight. Having underweight was associated with higher total expenditures at ages 2 to 5 years and 6 to 11 years by $679 (95% CI, $228-$1129) and $1166 (95% CI, $632-$1700), respectively; having severe obesity was associated with higher total expenditures at ages 2 to 5 years, 6 to 11 years, and 12 to 17 years by $1035 (95% CI, $208-$1863), $821 (95% CI, $414-$1227), and $1088 (95% CI, $594-$1582), respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

The study team found medical expenditures to be higher for all BMI categories when compared with those with healthy weight. These findings may indicate potential economic value of interventions or treatments aimed at reducing BMI-associated health risks.
Ligand Design in Atomically Precise Copper Nanoclusters and Their Application in Electrocatalytic Reactions
Authors: Liu Yuping , Yu Jinli , Lun Yongfeng , Wang Yawen , Wang Yi , Song Shuqin
Published: July 2023

Metal nanoclusters (MNCs) are compositionally well‐defined and also structurally precise materials with unique molecule‐like properties and discrete electronic energy levels. Atomically precise ligand‐protected Cu nanoclusters (LP‐CuNCs) are one category of typical MNCs that usually demonstrate unique geometric and electronic structures to serve as electrocatalysts. However, the synthesis, application, as well as structure‐performance relationship of LP‐CuNCs are not adequately studied. Significantly, the ligands are essential to the geometric structure, crystal structure, size, and electronic structure of LP‐CuNCs, which determine their physiochemical properties and applications. In this review, significant progress in the ligand design of LP‐CuNCs, and their application in electrocatalytic reactions is introduced. The general basics of ligand‐protected MNCs (LP‐MNCs) are first introduced and the functions of ligands are emphasized. Subsequently, a series of different ligands for LP‐CuNCs including thiolates, phosphines, alkynyl, polymers, and biomolecules are highlighted. Thereafter, their applications in different electrocatalytic reactions are discussed. It is believed that this review will not only inspire the design and synthesis of novel LP‐CuNCs, but also contribute to the extension of their applications in electrocatalytic reactions and the establishment of accurate structure‐performance relationships.
Surface Engineering of Fluorinated Graphene Nanosheets Enables Ultrafast Lithium/Sodium/Potassium Primary Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhenya , Ma Jun , Wang Xiao , Chen Duanwei , Wu Dazhuan , Pan Junan , Pan Yong , Ouyang Xiaoping
Published: July 2023

Fluorinated carbon (CFx) is considered as a promising cathode material for lithium/sodium/potassium primary batteries with superior theoretical energy density. However, achieving high energy and power densities simultaneously remains a considerable challenge due to the strong covalency of the C–F bond in the highly fluorinated CFx. Herein, an efficient surface engineering strategy combining surface defluorination and nitrogen doping enables fluorinated graphene nanosheets (DFG‐N) to possess controllable conductive nanolayers and reasonably regulated C–F bonds. The DFG‐N delivers an unprecedented dual performance for lithium primary batteries with a power density of 77456 W kg−1 and an energy density of 1067 Wh kg−1 at an ultrafast rate of 50 C, which is the highest level reported to date. The DFG‐N also achieves a record power density of 15 256 and 17 881 W kg−1 at 10 C for sodium and potassium primary batteries, respectively. The characterization results and density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the excellent performance of DFG‐N is attributed to surface engineering strategies that remarkably improve electronic and ionic conductivity without sacrificing the high fluorine content. This work provides a compelling strategy for developing advanced ultrafast primary batteries that combine ultrahigh energy density and power density.
Non‐Blinking Luminescence from Charged Single Graphene Quantum Dots
Authors: Fu Wei , Yin Jiefu , Cao Huaqiang , Zhou Zhongfu , Zhang Junying , Fu Jingjing , Warner Jamie H. , Wang Cheng , Jia Xiaofang , Greaves G. Neville , Cheetham Anthony K.
Published: July 2023

Photoluminescence blinking behavior from single quantum dots under steady illumination is an important but controversial topic. Its occurrence has impeded the use of single quantum dots in bioimaging. Different mechanisms have been proposed to account for it, although controversial, the most important of which is the non‐radiative Auger recombination mechanism whereby photocharging of quantum dots can lead to the blinking phenomenon. Here, the singly charged trion, which maintains photon emission, including radiative recombination and non‐radiative Auger recombination, leads to fluorescence non‐blinking which is observed in photocharged single graphene quantum dots (GQDs). This phenomenon can be explained in terms of different energy levels in the GQDs, caused by various oxygen‐containing functional groups in the single GQDs. The suppressed blinking is due to the filling of trap sites owing to a Coulomb blockade. These results provide a profound understanding of the special optical properties of GQDs, affording a reference for further in‐depth research.
Mechanoluminescence and Photoluminescence Heterojunction for Superior Multimode Sensing Platform of Friction, Force, Pressure, and Temperature in Fibers and 3D‐Printed Polymers
Authors: Zheng Teng , Runowski Marcin , Martín Inocencio R. , Soler‐Carracedo Kevin , Peng Liang , Skwierczyńska Małgorzata , Sójka Małgorzata , Barzowska Justyna , Mahlik Sebastian , Hemmerich Hanoch , Rivera‐López Fernando , Kulpiński Piotr , Lavín Víctor , Alonso Daniel , Peng Dengfeng
Published: July 2023

Endowing a single material with various types of luminescence, that is, exhibiting a simultaneous optical response to different stimuli, is vital in various fields. A photoluminescence (PL)‐ and mechanoluminescence (ML)‐based multifunctional sensing platform is built by combining heterojunctioned ZnS/CaZnOS:Mn2+ mechano‐photonic materials using a 3D‐printing technique and fiber spinning. ML‐active particles are embedded in micrometer‐sized cellulose fibers for flexible optical devices capable of emitting light driven by mechanical force. Individually modified 3D‐printed hard units that exhibit intense ML in response to mechanical deformation, such as impact and friction, are also fabricated. Importantly, they also allow low‐pressure sensing up to ≈100 bar, a range previously inaccessible by any other optical sensing technique. Moreover, the developed optical manometer based on the PL of the materials demonstrates a superior high‐pressure sensitivity of ≈6.20 nm GPa−1. Using this sensing platform, four modes of temperature detection can be achieved: excitation‐band spectral shifts, emission‐band spectral shifts, bandwidth broadening, and lifetime shortening. This work supports the possibility of mass production of ML‐active mechanical and optoelectronic parts integrated with scientific and industrial tools and apparatus.
Study of the Photoluminescence Enhancement Observed in ZnO Nanowire Gratings Optimally Grown by the Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Martin Aubry , Potdevin Audrey , Réveret François , Centeno Emmanuel , Smaali Rafik , Omeis Fatima , Riassetto David , Kachan Elena , Jourlin Yves , Chadeyron Geneviève , Langlet Michel
Published: July 2023

An original ZnO nanowire (NW) architecture has been developed, entirely based on a soft chemistry approach, and thoroughly assessed through optical measurements and electromagnetic simulations. This architecture relies on the photoimprinting of a sol–gel ZnO‐based photosensitive seed layer combined with the subsequent localized hydrothermal growth of ZnO NWs. The optimization of the elaboration protocol has been shown to lead to uniform and reproducible linear and periodic gratings of ZnO NWs with a width/pitch of 2/4 µm. The NW gratings are compared with full‐covered samples (NWs coating) elaborated from a nonimprinted seed layer. A morphological study reveals that NW gratings present a peculiar hedgehog‐like profile. Standard and angle‐resolved photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the ZnO NWs visible emission is strongly modified by the presence of NW gratings and that its red part is directionally extracted and enhanced by a factor of up to 2. The electromagnetic simulations performed for both samples highlight the role of the gratings acting as coupled microcavities that boost the ZnO emission through light localization and diffractive mechanisms. It enables the extraction of the resonant photons at specific angles and wavelengths.
Selective C−H Bond Functionalization of Unprotected Indoles by Donor‐Acceptor Carbene Insertion
Authors: Diego Pizarro Juan , Morán‐González Lucía , González‐Fernández Iván , Maseras Feliu , Fructos Manuel R. , Pérez Pedro J.
Published: July 2023

Copper catalysts containing alkoxydiaminophosphine (ADAP) ligand catalyze the selective C3−H functionalization of unprotected indoles upon carbene transfer from donor‐acceptor diazo compounds, the N−H bond remaining unaltered during the transformation. Mechanistic studies, including DFT calculations, allows proposing the existence of two competitive pathways, none of them occurring through the formation of cyclopropane intermediates, at variance with previously reported systems.
Gold‐Catalyzed Annulation of Ynamides with Aminocarbonyls as a Route to 2‐Aminoquinolines Diversely Substituted at the 4th‐Position
Authors: Shcherbakov Nikolay V. , Kotikova Polina F. , Chikunova Elena I. , Dar'in Dmitry V. , Kukushkin Vadim Yu. , Dubovtsev Alexey Yu.
Published: July 2023

Gold‐catalyzed interplay between ynamides and aminocarbonyls comprises a route to 2‐aminoquinolines. This modular annulation proceeds under relatively mild conditions (Ph3PAuCl/AgNTf2 5 mol %, DCE, 60–80 °C), and a number of functionalities were compatible (42 examples; 25–98% yields). In contrast to a group of other gold‐catalyzed methods employing the ynamide/amine combinations for the assembly of 2‐aminoquinolines, the developed approach utilizes a diversity of aminocarbonyl substrates and, in particular, allows a variation of the substituents in the 4th quinoline position. The synthetic potential of the obtained heterocyclic products was illustrated by post‐modifications of the quinoline backbone and the peripheral substituents.
Viral Nanoparticles‐Mediated Delivery of Therapeutic Cargo
Authors: Zanganeh Saba , Doroudian Mohammad , Nowzari Zohreh R. , Nasirmoghadas Pourya , Nahand Javid Sadri , Sepehrpour Shima , Moghoofei Mohsen
Published: July 2023

The rapid advancement of nanotechnology in recent years has opened new avenues of investigation for biomedical sciences. Viral nanoparticles (VNPs) are formulated from plant viruses, mammalian viruses, or bacteriophages. Based on their structure, viruses, and synthetic carriers have been utilized to design bio‐inspired nanocarriers, which serve as building blocks for innovative therapeutic applications. Scientists can chemically or genetically engineer VNPs to encompass various properties, such as enhancing their functionalization with therapeutic molecules and imaging reagents, enabling targeted delivery to specific ligands. The implementation of these novel nanocarrier platforms can revolutionize treatments for cancer, infectious diseases, and chronic illnesses. The primary goal of drug delivery systems is to localize cargo to the specific target site, increasing therapeutic benefits and minimizing off‐target effects. This review critically evaluates the major virus species used as nanocarriers, their applications in therapeutics, and their advantages and disadvantages.
The Role of PRRC2B in Cerebral Vascular Remodeling Under Acute Hypoxia in Mice
Authors: Li Shuoshuo , Hu Wenyu , Gong Shenghui , Zhang Ping , Cheng Jinbo , Wang Shukun , Wang Yingyi , Shi Wenjun , Li Qianqian , Wang Fengchao , Yuan Zengqiang
Published: July 2023

High altitude exposure leads to various cognitive impairments. The cerebral vasculature system plays an integral role in hypoxia‐induced cognitive defects by reducing oxygen and nutrition supply to the brain. RNA N6‐methyladenosine (m6A) is susceptible to modification and regulates gene expression in response to environmental changes, including hypoxia. However, the biological significance of m6A in endothelial cell performance under hypoxic conditions is unknown. Using m6A‐seq, RNA immunoprcipitation‐seq, and transcriptomic co‐analysis, the molecular mechanism of vascular system remodeling under acute hypoxia is investigated. A novel m6A reader protein, proline‐rich coiled‐coil 2B (PRRC2B), exists in endothelial cells. PRRC2B knockdown promoted hypoxia‐induced endothelial cell migration by regulating alternative splicing of the alpha 1 chain of collagen type XII in an m6A‐dependent manner and the decay of matrix metallopeptidase domain 14 and ADAM metallopeptidase domain 19 mRNA in an m6A‐independent manner. In addition, conditional knockout of PRRC2B in endothelial cells promotes hypoxia‐induced vascular remodeling and cerebral blood flow redistribution, thus alleviating hypoxia‐induced cognitive decline. Therefore, PRRC2B is integral in the hypoxia‐induced vascular remodeling process as a novel RNA‐binding protein. These findings provide a new potential therapeutic target for hypoxia‐induced cognitive decline.
Ultrastable Cu‐Based Dual‐Channel Heterowire for the Switchable Electro‐/Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Li Bo , Liu Xiao , Lei Bin , Luo Haiqiang , Liu Xize , Liu Hengzhi , Gu Qinfen , Ma Jian‐Gong , Cheng Peng
Published: July 2023

Catalytic conversion of CO2 into high value‐added chemicals using renewable energy is an attractive strategy for the management of CO2. However, achieving both efficiency and product selectivity remains a great challenge. Herein, a brand‐new family of 1D dual‐channel heterowires, Cu NWs@MOFs are constructed by coating metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) on Cu nanowires (Cu NWs) for electro‐/photocatalytic CO2 reductions, where Cu NWs act as an electron channel to directionally transmit electrons, and the MOF cover acts as a molecule/photon channel to control the products and/or undertake photoelectric conversion. Through changing the type of MOF cover, the 1D heterowire is switched between electrocatalyst and photocatalyst for the reduction of CO2 with excellent selectivity, adjustable products, and the highest stability among the Cu‐based CO2RR catalysts, which leads to heterometallic MOF covered 1D composite, and especially the first 1D/1D‐type Mott–Schottky heterojunction. Considering the diversity of MOF materials, the ultrastable heterowires offer a highly promising and feasible solution for CO2 reduction.
Printed Electronics in Radiofrequency Energy Harvesters and Wireless Power Transfer Rectennas for IoT Applications
Authors: Skarżyński Kacper , Słoma Marcin
Published: July 2023

The Internet of Things is currently one of the fastest‐growing branches in electronics. The development of energy storage systems and the miniaturization of dedicated printed circuit boards significantly influence that growth. However, the need for batteries and traditional printed circuit boards still limits devices' minimum size, weight, and cost, narrowing the application area. Energy harvesters and wireless power transfer systems fabricated with printed electronics can significantly reduce such devices' weight, size, and cost. Printed electronics technology provides scalable tools for many electronics applications, shortening the validation time and enabling new low‐cost or disposable solutions on lightweight and flexible substrates embedded inside 3D printed structures and directly on device housings. Energy harvesting and wireless power transfer systems in electronic devices can provide enough power to minimize battery capacity and size or even eliminate the need for batteries in low‐power applications. This review presents an adaptation of printed electronics technology in the fabrication of radio frequency energy harvesters and wireless power transfer rectennas for IoT applications. Last, perspectives for development towards greater integration with microsystems, transient electronics with ecofriendly materials, adaptation for next‐generation telecommunication systems, and 3D structural electronics solutions are briefly discussed.
Recent Progress in the Catalytic Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxaline
Authors: Liu Quan , Wang Wenquan , Liu Meng
Published: July 2023

Pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxaline and its derivatives have excellent biological activity and photoelectric properties, and are widely used in the fields of pharmaceutical preparations and organic electroluminescence. This review starts from catalysts and summarizes the single metal catalysis of palladium, rhodium, iron, molybdenum, and copper, as well as the synergistic catalysis of iron molybdenum bimetallic and metal‐free catalytic systems for the synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxaline. The pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxaline catalytic mechanism in the different catalytic systems was detailly introduced and analysed. By analysing the advantages and disadvantages of existing catalyst systems, the prospects of new catalysts and methods for synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2‐α]quinoxaline are presented.
Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) treated with omalizumab, dupilumab, or mepolizumab: A systematic review of the current knowledge towards an attempt to compare agents’ efficacy
Authors: Papacharalampous Georgios X. , Constantinidis Jannis , Fotiadis George , Zhang Nan , Bachert Claus , Katotomichelakis Michael
Published: July 2023

Background

The heterogeneity of existing studies, along with the fact that there are no published head‐to‐head trials, are the main reasons for the lack of guidelines regarding the selection of the proper biologic in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) with nasal polyps. The aim of this study is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the efficacy of omalizumab, dupilumab, and mepolizumab in CRS treatment. We also attempt to proceed to an indirect comparison of the agents and try to answer the tricky question: which agent to select and why?

Methods

An extensive search in English literature was conducted in PubMed/Medline, Embase, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Database/Library. Eligibility criteria included papers with full text published in English, adult population studies, clearly described intervention protocol, and documented primary and secondary outcomes.

Results

The studies included numbered 37. All agents provided significant improvement in polyp size, sinuses opacification, severity of symptoms, need for surgery and systemic corticosteroids use. Analysis of available systematic reviews, meta‐analyses and indirect treatment comparison studies showed that dupilumab appeared to be the most beneficial agent, in terms of primary and secondary outcomes. However, these results are of relatively low level of evidence due to several methodological limitations.

Conclusions

Although the present analysis showed a moderate supremacy of dupilumab, there is still no evidence‐based answer to the question “which biologic agent is the most effective in CRS treatment?” Improved statistical methodology, head‐to‐head trials, and real‐life studies could lead to more robust conclusions, establishing the real role of the specific biologic agents.
Do Early Relapses Predict the Risk of Long‐Term Relapsing Disease in an Adult and Paediatric Cohort with MOGAD?
Authors: Chen Bo , Gomez‐Figueroa Enrique , Redenbaugh Vyanka , Francis Anna , Satukijchai Chanjira , Wu Yan , Messina Silvia , Sa Mario , Woodhall Mark , Paul Friedemann , Robertson Neil P. , Lim Ming , Wassmer Evangeline , Kneen Rachel , Huda Saif , Blain Camilla , Halfpenny Christopher , Hemingway Cheryl , O'Sullivan Eoin , Hobart Jeremy , Fisniku Leonora K. , Martin Roswell J. , Dobson Ruth , Cooper Sarah A. , Williams Victoria , Waters Patrick , Chen John J. , Pittock Sean J. , Ramdas Sithara , Leite Maria Isabel , Flanagan Eoin P. , Geraldes Ruth , Palace Jacqueline
Published: July 2023

Objective

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody‐associated disease (MOGAD) can be monophasic or relapsing, with early relapse being a feature. However, the relevance of early relapse on longer‐term relapse risk is unknown. Here, we investigate whether early relapses increase longer‐term relapse risk in patients with MOGAD.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 289 adult‐ and pediatric‐onset patients with MOGAD followed for at least 2 years in 6 specialized referral centers. “Early relapses” were defined as attacks within the first 12 months from onset, with “very early relapses” defined within 30 to 90 days from onset and “delayed early relapses” defined within 90 to 365 days. “Long‐term relapses” were defined as relapses beyond 12 months. Cox regression modeling and Kaplan–Meier survival analysis were used to estimate the long‐term relapse risk and rate.

Results

Sixty‐seven patients (23.2%) had early relapses with a median number of 1 event. Univariate analysis revealed an elevated risk for long‐term relapses if any “early relapses” were present (hazard ratio [HR] = 2.11, p < 0.001), whether occurring during the first 3 months (HR = 2.70, p < 0.001) or the remaining 9 months (HR = 1.88, p = 0.001), with similar results yielded in the multivariate analysis. In children with onset below aged 12 years, only delayed early relapses were associated with an increased risk of long‐term relapses (HR = 2.64, p = 0.026).

Interpretation

The presence of very early relapses and delayed early relapses within 12 months of onset in patients with MOGAD increases the risk of long‐term relapsing disease, whereas a relapse within 90 days appears not to indicate a chronic inflammatory process in young pediatric‐onset disease. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:508–517
Activated Wake Systems in Narcolepsy Type 1
Authors: Shan Ling , Linssen Suzan , Harteman Zoe , den Dekker Fleur , Shuker Lamis , Balesar Rawien , Breesuwsma Nicole , Anink Jasper , Zhou Jingru , Lammers Gert Jan , Swaab Dick F. , Fronczek Rolf
Published: July 2023

Objective

Narcolepsy type 1 (NT1) is assumed to be caused solely by a lack of hypocretin (orexin) neurotransmission. Recently, however, we found an 88% reduction in corticotropin‐releasing hormone (CRH)‐positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN). We assessed the remaining CRH neurons in NT1 to determine whether they co‐express vasopressin (AVP) to reflect upregulation. We also systematically assessed other wake‐systems, since current NT1 treatments target histamine, dopamine, and norepinephrine pathways.

Methods

In postmortem tissue of people with NT1 and matched controls, we immunohistochemically stained and quantified neuronal populations expressing: CRH and AVP in the PVN, and CRH in the Barrington nucleus; the key neuronal histamine‐synthesizing enzyme, histidine decarboxylase (HDC) in the hypothalamic tuberomammillary nucleus (TMN); the rate‐limited‐synthesizing enzyme, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), for dopamine in the mid‐brain and for norepinephrine in the locus coeruleus (LC).

Results

In NT1, there was: a 234% increase in the percentage of CRH cells co‐expressing AVP, while there was an unchanged integrated optical density of CRH staining in the Barrington nucleus; a 36% increased number of histamine neurons expressing HDC, while the number of typical human TMN neuronal profiles was unchanged; a tendency toward an increased density of TH‐positive neurons in the substantia nigra compacta; while the density of TH‐positive LC neurons was unchanged.

Interpretation

Our findings suggest an upregulation of activity by histamine neurons and remaining CRH neurons in NT1. This may explain earlier reports of normal basal plasma cortisol levels but lower levels after dexamethasone suppression. Alternatively, CRH neurons co‐expressing AVP neurons are less vulnerable. ANN NEUROL 2023;94:762–771
Synthese von Cobalt‐Zinn‐ und ‐Blei‐Tetrylidinen – Reaktivitätsuntersuchungen der Dreifachbindung
Authors: Auer Maximilian , Zwettler Kathrin , Eichele Klaus , Schubert Hartmut , Sindlinger Christian P. , Wesemann Lars
Published: July 2023

Die Tetrylidine [TbbSn≡Co(PMe3)3] (1 a) und [TbbPb≡Co(PMe3)3] (2) (Tbb=2,6‐[CH(SiMe3)2]2‐4‐(t‐Bu)C6H2) wurden über eine Substitutionsreaktion zwischen [Na(OEt2)][Co(PMe3)4] und [Li(thf)2][TbbEBr2] (E=Sn, Pb) erstmals dargestellt. Alternativ wurde das Stannylidin [Ar*Sn≡Co(PMe3)3] (1 b) durch eine Wasserstoffatom‐Abstraktion am paramagnetischen Hydridkomplex [Ar*SnH=Co(PMe3)3] (4) in einer Reaktion mit AIBN (AIBN=Azobis(iso‐butyronitril)) synthetisiert. Das Stannylidin 1 a addiert zwei Äquivalente Wasser, wobei das Dihydroxid [TbbSn(OH)2CoH2(PMe3)3] (5) erhalten wird. Bei der Reaktion des Stannylidins 1 a mit CO2 wurde ein Produkt einer Redoxreaktion [TbbSn(CO3)Co(CO)(PMe3)3] (6) isoliert. Die Protonierung des Tetrylidins erfolgt am Cobaltatom und ergibt das Metallastannavinyl‐Kation [TbbSn=CoH(PMe3)3][BArF4] (7 a) [ArF=C6H3‐3,5‐(CF3)2]. Die analogen Germanium‐ und Zinnkationen [Ar*E=CoH(PMe3)3][BArF4] (E=Ge 9, Sn 7 b) (Ar*=C6H3(2,6‐Trip)2, Trip=2,4,6‐C6H2iPr3) wurden durch Oxidation der paramagnetischen Komplexe [Ar*EH=Co(PMe3)3] (E=Ge 3, Sn 4) ebenfalls erhalten, welche durch Substitution eines PMe3‐Liganden am [Co(PMe3)4]‐Komplex durch eine Hydridoylen‐Einheit (Ar*EH) synthetisiert werden können.
Reaktionsinduzierte Metall‐Metalloxid‐Wechselwirkungen in Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 Katalysatoren fördern die selektive und stabile CO2‐Hydrierung zu Methanol
Authors: Pinheiro Araújo Thaylan , Morales‐Vidal Jordi , Giannakakis Georgios , Mondelli Cecilia , Eliasson Henrik , Erni Rolf , Stewart Joseph A. , Mitchell Sharon , López Núria , Pérez‐Ramírez Javier
Published: July 2023

Ternäre Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 Katalysatoren beweisen technologisches Potenzial für die CO2‐basierte Methanolsynthese, wobei die Entwicklung skalierbarer Systeme und das Verständnis komplexer dynamischer Wechselwirkungen zwischen der aktiven Phase, des Promotors und des Trägers der Schlüssel zur Erreichung einer hohen Produktivität sind. Hier zeigen wir, dass durch einfache Imprägnierung hergestellte Pd‐In2O3/ZrO2 Katalysatoren unter CO2‐Hydrierbedingungen eine stabile und selektive Nanoarchitektur bilden, unabhängig von der Reihenfolge der Zugabe von Pd‐ und In‐Komponenten auf den Zirkonoxidträger. Detaillierte operando Charakterisierung und Simulationen deuten auf eine schnelle Umstrukturierung, dessen Treiber die Energie der Metall‐Metalloxid‐Wechselwirkung ist. Die Nähe von InOx‐Schichten auf den entstehenden InPdx‐Partikeln verhindern Leistungsverluste durch Pd‐Sinterung. Weiterhin unterstreichen die Ergebnisse die entscheidende Rolle der reaktionsinduzierten Umstrukturierung in komplexem CO2‐Hydrierkatalysatoren und bieten Einblicke in die optimale Integration von Säure‐Base‐ und Redoxfunktionen für die technische Umsetzung.
An In‐Situ Cyanidation Strategy To Access Tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene Diimides with High Electron Mobilities Exceeding 10 cm2 V−1 s−1
Authors: Wu Zeng , Liu Wentao , Yang Xin , Li Wenhao , Zhao Lingli , Chi Kai , Xiao Xuetao , Yan Yongkun , Zeng Weixuan , Liu Yunqi , Chen Huajie , Zhao Yan
Published: July 2023

A family of novel highly π‐extended tetracyano‐substituted acene diimides, named as tetracyanodiacenaphthoanthracene diimides (TCDADIs), have been synthesized using a facile four‐fold Knoevenagel condensation strategy. Unlike conventional cyano substitution reactions, our approach enables access to a large π‐conjugated backbone with the in‐situ formation of four cyano substitutents at room temperature while avoiding extra cyano‐functionalization reactions. TCDADIs decorated with different N‐alkyl substituents present good solubility, near‐coplanar backbones, good crystallinity, and low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energies of −4.33 eV, all of which contribute to desirable electron‐transport performance when applied in organic field‐effect transistors (OFET). The highest electron mobility of an OFET based on a 2‐hexyldecyl‐substituted TCDADI single crystal reaches 12.6 cm2 V−1 s−1, which is not only among the highest values for the reported n‐type organic semiconductor materials (OSMs) but also exceeds that of most n‐type OSMs decorated with imide units.
Enantioselective C3‐Allylation of Pyridines via Tandem Borane and Palladium Catalysis
Authors: Tian Jun‐Jie , Li Rui‐Rui , Tian Gui‐Xiu , Wang Xiao‐Chen
Published: July 2023

Herein, we report a one‐pot method for enantioselective C−H allylation of pyridines at C3 via tandem borane and palladium catalysis. This method involves borane‐catalyzed pyridine hydroboration to generate dihydropyridines, then palladium‐catalyzed enantioselective allylation of the dihydropyridines with allylic esters, and finally air oxidation of the allylated dihydropyridines to afford the products. This method enables the introduction of an allylic group at C3 with excellent regio‐ and enantioselectivities.
Centrifugally spun PVP/ZnO composite fibers with different surfactants and their use as antibacterial agents
Authors: Sanchez Jo Ann , Ibrahim Amin , Materon Luis , Parsons Jason G. , Alcoutlabi Mataz
Published: July 2023

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) fibers embedded with Zinc Oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were prepared by the centrifugal spinning of aqueous PVP solutions and ZnO NPs. The ZnO NPs were synthesized and coated with either cetyltrimethylammonium bromide or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposite fibers were studied using scanning electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric analysis. The effect of surfactant coating on the antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs and PVP/ZnO nanocomposite fibers against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Bacillus megaterium (B. megaterium) bacteria was systematically investigated. The present study indicated that coating the ZnO NPs with surfactants resulted in large and uniform inhibition of bacterial growth.
Enhanced mechanical and tribological properties of polymer nanocomposites by improving interfacial properties by hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets: Molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Yang Yadi , Zhao Jing , Cui Jianzheng , Jiang Bowen
Published: July 2023

To comparatively investigate the mechanical, tribological, and interfacial properties of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) strengthened by graphene (Gr) and hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) nanosheets, molecular models of PTFE nanocomposites containing a similar weight fraction of Gr and h‐BN nanosheets were established. The constant‐strain approach, the three‐layer friction structures, and the pull‐out simulations were respectively employed to calculate the mechanical, tribological, and interfacial properties of the nanocomposites. Results indicate that the Young's, shear, and bulk moduli of the nanocomposites are increased by 17.22%, 20.72%, and 4.78%, respectively, by introducing h‐BN nanosheets than those by introducing Gr nanosheets. Meanwhile, a decrease of 8.49% in the friction coefficient of the nanocomposites is obtained by incorporating h‐BN nanosheets than that by incorporating Gr nanosheets. In addition, 84.71% and 5.18 times higher in the interfacial cohesive strength and interfacial shear strength, and 91.58% and 128.7% higher in the interfacial fracture toughness of PTFE nanocomposites in the normal separation and shear separation, respectively, are achieved by incorporating h‐BN nanosheets than those by incorporating Gr nanosheets. To provide a deeper understanding of the enhancement mechanisms of h‐BN nanosheets, the interfacial interaction energies, radial distribution functions, and von Mises stress distributions of the two PTFE nanocomposites were evaluated and interpreted accordingly.
Novel hybrid electrospun poly(ε‐caprolactone) nanofibers containing green and chemical magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Abdullah Johar Amin Ahmed , Perez‐Puyana Víctor , Guerrero Antonio , Romero Alberto
Published: July 2023

This study investigates the effects of incorporating green and chemical magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (GMIONPs and CMIONPs, respectively) into poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) nanofibrous membranes on their physicochemical, mechanical, morphological, and functional properties. The study evaluates the physicochemical and optical properties of the nanofibrous membranes using water contact angle (WCA), water vapor permeability (WVP), brightness, color determination, UV–visible and gap energy, and light transmission. The mechanical properties were evaluated using Young's modulus, maximum stress (Ϭmax, MPa), and the strain at break (εmax), while the morphological properties were evaluated using confocal microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Functional properties were assessed in terms of antioxidant activity. The results show that incorporating MIONPs significantly affects the properties of the nanofibrous membranes. PCL/GMIONPs membranes exhibit better performance in terms of physicochemical, morphological, and functional properties than PCL/CMIONPs membranes. These findings suggest that PCL/MIONPs nanofibrous membranes could be a promising material for various biomedical applications. The incorporation of different types of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles into PCL electrospun membranes is an innovative approach that opens up a wide range of potential applications.
Preparation of two‐component micro‐encapsulated epoxy self‐healing materials based on Pickering emulsion method
Authors: Wang Rui , Yu Fei , Feng Hengyu , Yan Zhen , Xiao Linghan , Zhu Wei
Published: July 2023

The use of microencapsulated self‐healing materials has been widely applied in many fields, while factors (e.g., the size and content of the microcapsules) markedly affect the mechanical properties of the self‐healing material. In this study, an epoxy‐amine microencapsulated self‐healing material was developed through Pickering emulsion to reduce the effects of the above‐mentioned factors. In this study, the Pickering emulsion was stabilized using two two‐dimensional (2D) materials (i.e., GO and BN), and epoxy microcapsules and amine microcapsules were prepared, with average size of 3.62 and 4.63 μm, respectively. FTIR spectroscopy was used to identify the presence of characteristic PU peaks in the microcapsules, and the bilayer shell microcapsules were well‐prepared. To prepare the binary epoxy resin self‐healing material, two microcapsules were added to the epoxy resin matrix and its mechanical properties were analyzed. Based on the test results, it was suggested that the addition of microcapsules in this study slightly affected the mechanical properties of the material, and the binary self‐healing material still exhibited 89% of the bending stress below the 10 wt% content of the microcapsules. In addition, the tensile stress after repair was 148% of that before. These materials have promising applications in many areas (e.g., engineering technology).
Synthesis and properties of acyldiphenylphosphine oxides photoinitiators carrying triphenylamine or pyrene group for free radical photopolymerization
Authors: Ma Guanhao , Luo Jiangyu , Qu Jinqing
Published: July 2023

Two new photoinitiators of acyldiphenylphosphine oxides carrying triphenylamine (NHPO) or pyrene group (BHPO) were designed and synthesized with diphenylphosphine oxide reacting with 4‐(diphenylamino) benzaldehyde or 1‐pyrenecarboxaldehyde. The solubility of NHPO is about 13.7 wt% in TMPTA, which is higher than that of (2,4,6‐trimethylbenzoyl) diphenylphosphine oxide (TPO) (about 12.5 wt%). The UV–Vis spectrum of NHPO and BHPO revealed that their maximum absorption wavelengths have redshifted to 397 and 419 nm, respectively, with a molar extinction coefficient of around 19,057 and 24,257 M−1 cm−1, suggesting that they are likely to be effective photoinitiators when exposed to light from LEDs. According to real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies, the degree of double bond conversion of NHPO reached 65%, which was higher than that of TPO (about 45%), showing that NHPO had substantially better photoinitiated properties than TPO. Using steady‐state photolysis and electron spin resonance spin‐trapping studies, the photocuring mechanism was examined, and it was discovered that the NHPO and BHPO had produced two free radicals. Additionally, NHPO exhibited superior biocompatibility performance as demonstrated by cytotoxicity assays and had a low migration rate of only 0.23%, as determined by migration. As a result, NHPO might be utilized in coatings for food packaging.
Sodium tungstate as green cross‐linker to improve water absorbency of superabsorbent polymer
Authors: Hu Xiaosai , Wang Chenyang , Yu Haiyang
Published: July 2023

Superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) are attracting more research interests in many fields mainly due to its distinguished water‐absorbing performance. Among all the factors that severely affecting water absorption of SAPs, cross‐linkers play a non‐negligible role in shaping the stable cross‐linked networks of SAPs. As for cross‐linking agents, previous studies have focused on the chemical cross‐linker as well as functional nanoparticle cross‐linker. Though their corresponding SAPs can achieve high water uptake capacity, the sustainable development of such SAPs was still limited by the natural defects of these cross‐linkers. Herein, we reported small‐molecule sodium tungstate (STD) as one novel cross‐linker to optimize water‐holding capabilities of SAPs. STD shows a high affinity to polymeric chains mainly via multiple hydrogen bonding interactions. The resultant poly(acrylic acid)/STD SAP exhibited a satisfactory water‐absorbing capacities with swelling ratios of 7527 g/g in distilled water, 95 g/g in 0.9 wt% NaCl solution and 2210 g/g in 3 wt% urea solution, respectively. In addition, such high water absorbency was achieved within SAP system just made up of a sole polymer and a sole cross‐linker, implying that STD can be used as novel cross‐linker to promote the green development of SAPs.