bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LEADERSHIP OF 5-6 YEAR OLD CHILDREN AND ITS ASSESSMENT CRITERIA
Authors: Nagle-Baranova Baiba
Published: July 2024

The research aim is analyze theoretical literature to ascertain the relevance of leadership skills of 5-6-year-old children and leadership assessment criteria. When comparing and analyzing the information provided in various studies, the leadership abilities of adults and educators are more often emphasized. The content of competence education reveals how important it is to develop leadership skills in preschool children. During the research, it was concluded that the leadership skills of adults are equivalent to the typical skills of 5-6-year-old children, which develop at this age. Several of these skills are learned by integrating cross-cutting skills into the pedagogical process. As a result of the theoretical analysis, six leadership evaluation criteria and 4 levels of 5-6-year-old children were identified. Children who have developed their leadership skills are more successful in the next stages of education. According to the summary of the results, it can be concluded that every 5-6-year-old child possesses leadership skills to a greater or lesser extent, it is important to notice these skills in time and continue further development based on children's strengths.
WINFOLIA FLAG LEAF ANALYSIS OF WINTER WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) AND EVALUATION OF GRAIN QUALITY INDICATORS
Authors: Augšpole Ingrīda , Putniece Gundega , Bundzēna Guna , Sanžarevska Renāte
Published: July 2024

Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most widespread and economically beneficial crops in Latvia. Wheat grain yield and quality are strongly related to the growing conditions of crop that are possible to improve agronomically by carrying out an appropriate soil tillage and growing it in a well-planned crop sequence. The aim of the study to determine soil tillage system and precrop influence to winter wheat flag leaf parameters and grain yield quality indicators. A two-factor field trials was set up in the Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies training and research farm “Peterlauki” in 2022/2023: 1. soil tillage system and 2. precrop. The basic indicators of flag leaf length, width (cm) and flag leaf area (cm2) of a winter wheat were detected using a scanner STD4800 and the specialized computer program WinFOLIA Regent Instruments Software were determined from 10 plants in each variant. Three samples from each variant were taken for yield determination and structural elements of crops. Winter wheat 1000 grain weight and grain quality indicators were determined in Grain and Seed study and research laboratory of LBTU. Winter wheat precrop did not significantly affect (p>0.05) grain yield in the trial year, but the lowest yield was obtained in the conventional soil tillage system where wheat was grown in repeated sowings (5.1 t ha-1), and the highest yield in the minimal soil tillage system where precrop was field beans (7.0 t ha-1). The larger winter wheat flag leaf area was determined in both soil tillage systems, if the winter wheat precrop was field beans, the relationships are not significant (p>0.05).
;
ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE BUSINESS IN CHEMICAL INDUSTRY IN BULGARIA
Authors: Chipriyanova Galina , Atanasov Atanas , Krasteva-Hristova Radosveta
Published: July 2024

Implementing effective environmental management for sustainable business is expressed in the integration of digital innovations, responsible sustainable practices, morals and motivation, environmental ethics, added value and recycling policies. The relevance of the topic is substantiated by the serious challenges modern businesses face regarding climate change, ecological sustainability, and social responsibility. The present study aims to prove that in the conditions of increasing public and corporate interest in environmental issues, organizations are brought to a growing need to adapt their business models by incorporating sustainability principles. Investors, regulators and consumers are directing their attention towards companies demonstrating commitment to environmental and social standards. The following research tasks have to be settled for reaching the above-mentioned goal: 1. to research the impact of the chemical industry on the environment; 2. to research the evolution of the way business is conducted; 3. to determine the extent of compliance of the business model of companies in the chemical industry with Sustainable Development Goals; 4. to identify new professions and roles in the context of environmental management for business needs. In the course of the study shall be justified the thesis that the combination of digital technologies, ethical principles and sustainability strategies provides Bulgarian companies in the chemical industry with the opportunity to adapt to current challenges, developing innovative business models, resp. meet regulatory requirements, create added value, competitive advantages and long-term sustainability. The methodology of questionnaire survey was used. The sample was formed by the method of random non-recurrent selection. The results of the research are expressed in the identification of best practices to serve as catalysts for balancing economic profitability and environmental responsibility. Additionally, innovative digital technologies to support businesses in environmental management, potential technological solutions to enhance the efficiency and sustainability of business processes and proposals for new professions and roles within the context of environmental management in enterprise practices are outlined.
CHALLENGES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MARINE LITTER MONITORING SYSTEM IN BULGARIA
Authors: Toneva Daniela , Robinson Miroslava
Published: July 2024

This report presents the results of a study of the development of the marine litter monitoring system in Bulgaria in the period 2016-2022. The system has been structured and operates as part of the implementation of the requirements of the Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2008/56/EC and in particular Descriptor 10 “Marine litter”. Until 2022, the monitoring surveys of the distribution, abundance and accumulation of marine litter were carried out in accordance with specific criteria for macro- and micro-litter. In parallel, the potential sources of marine litter and the pressure of its introduction into the marine environment, beaches, water column and seabed have been analyzed. A comprehensive comparative analysis has been conducted in regards to the applied monitoring procedures, as well as the results of numerous monitoring surveys conducted in the frames of Bulgarian national marine litter monitoring system, during the studied period. As a result the main challenges for the development and the upcoming increase in the scope of the system were identified end presented in this paper. Opportunities to improve the functioning of the system, directed to eliminating weaknesses in relation to used observation protocols, monitoring sites, frequency of monitoring, ensuring representativeness and comparability of monitoring data and information are listed.
ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF UKRAINE DURING THE WAR PERIOD: WAYS OF THEM OVERCOMING
Authors: Stakhova Inna , Oliinyk Nataliia , Karuk Inna , Kazmirchuk Natalia
Published: July 2024

The article presents environmental problems of Ukraine. Attention is focused on the problems of the natural environment, which existed before (the Chernobyl disaster, disposal of radioactive waste, processing and cleaning of mixers, pollution of water resources, etc.) and greatly worsened due to military actions. In addition, a number of new environmental threats associated with war are listed. The territory of Ukraine is subjected to bombardment and destruction every day, one by one, once inhabited cities and villages disappear from the map, leaving behind either a burnt ruin, the products of combustion of which rise into the atmosphere and spread around the world, or a putrid supply, the products of which decay enter the soil and with underground water or vapors pose an irreparable threat to the entire environment and health. The article emphasizes ecological migrations caused by the war. In the first place in Ukraine is the safety of the population, protection against enemy attack for the preservation of life. Unfortunately, environmental problems have receded into the background, but they are not devalued, but remain promising on the way to victory. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Ukraine keeps statistics of environmental damage caused to Ukraine due to the war. Considering their depth and irreparability, these problems will have to be solved for more than a dozen years. And this, in turn, sets priority tasks that can already be solved today in the safer territories of our country. The publication highlights international connections and projects that contribute to the improvement of the ecological state and will be able to ensure the restoration of the environment in the post-war period. The article presents a survey of the population of Vinnytsia, Khmelnytskyi and Lviv regions regarding their actions to overcome the environmental crisis; implemented measures and prospective programs contributing to the improvement of the environment are presented. Attention is drawn to modern environmental education and volunteer nature protection activities of citizens of Ukraine.
AIR POLLUTION ENGINEERING FOR ACCIDENTS WITH HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
Authors: Parvanov Stefan , Alexiev Kiril , Ostromsky Tzvetan , Ivanov Evgeniy , Chochev Valentin
Published: July 2024

One of the challenges facing modern society is related to the dangers of industrial accidents and terrorist attacks related to the spread of fires and dangerous substances. In the present article, a systematic approach is proposed for organizing monitoring, creating possible development scenarios, modeling the spread of potential toxic-element pollution, comprehensive analysis and creating an adequate response to such severe situations. The assessment of the scale of pollution transport, dispersion, chemical transformation and the degree of danger is directly related to the correct registration of the basic accident, weather and environment characteristics and thoroughly monitoring of the dynamics of their change. The collection of the necessary data is carried out on the basis of heterogeneous sensor networks. The application of modern methods for the unification of disparate information scattered in space and time allows the accurate evaluation of the current state. Different development scenarios are generated on the basis of methodologies and corresponding mathematical models are applied. The risk assessment framework feeds these models with the unified sensor information and comprehensively examines them to provide a quantitative estimate of the possible critical levels of harmful pollution and predict the consequences. The paper's relevance is heightened by the growing threat of terrorism that targets industrial infrastructure and climate change that increase the frequency and severity of natural disasters, compounding the challenges of predicting and managing air pollution events. It contributes to the discourse on environmental engineering and disaster management by proposing a systematic methodology for real-time data collection, risk assessment, and the application of predictive models to inform effective response strategies. By tackling these issues, the paper aligns with contemporary priorities in environmental protection, public health, and safety regulations, making it highly topical for stakeholders in academia, industry, and government seeking to enhance resilience against air pollution disasters.;
CONSTRUCTION OF A SYSTEM FOR MONITORING THE POLLUTION OF WATER BODIES WITH WASTE
Authors: Dolchinkov Nikolay
Published: July 2024

In recent decades, there has been a sharp increase in waste that pollutes the environment. It can be categorically stated that non-degradable waste has the largest share in them. They are most easily discharged and condensed in water bodies on land, and subsequently in the world's oceans.
Still, measures are usually taken after floods or other emergencies occur. Not enough preventive measures are being taken.
The report proposes a model for monitoring and recording unregulated dumping in and around mainland water bodies. The aim of the research is to develop a system for monitoring pollution in and around water bodies, transmitting this information, analyzing it and making decisions about the removal of pollutants. As a secondary goal, a preventive measure to limit pollution can also be indicated, because when there is control and subsequent punishments, the violations also decrease to a significant extent. A review was also made of good practices in the collection of waste in water bodies. A system for collecting information and removing the accumulated waste is proposed.
It is also proposed to implement a method put in place last year in Australia to collect waste in running water. A mobile version will also be developed to signal the presence of waste, when every citizen will be able to signal the presence of such unregulated pollution.
You will also use your knowledge after equipping the astronomy club to observe space debris and to create floating island fruits from the plastic waste in the world's oceans. In addition, technologies are used that are innovative and have the potential to solve these global problems.
In carrying out the research, various methods were used - analysis, data synthesis, data processing and others.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE BEEKEEPING INDUSTRY IN THE LATVIA
Authors: Justs Imants , Poiša Liena , Vīksna Toms , Pole Valentina , Ivanova Kristīne , Vīksna Justīne , Skromulis Andris
Published: July 2024

The activities offered by beekeeping (bee products, api-therapy, beehive air, bee museums, production activities, historical beekeeping activities, pictures, and others) are aimed at attracting beekeepers and people who want to earn and increase national income. The purpose of the study: to investigate the possibilities of using the beekeeping industry in the national economy of Latvia. Research object: Latvian agricultural sector - Beekeeping. Within the framework of the research, the literature of different countries related to beekeeping, data collection, processing, survey and observation, processing and description of the obtained data were studied. The beekeeping industry could play an important role in promoting the development of the national economy, because the export of honey in Latvia is already much higher than the import, which can be evaluated positively from an economic point of view, honey and beekeeping by-products are in demand. However, in order to achieve the set goal, it is important to involve the government and local governments, promoting the development of beekeeping in the regions, helping with realization opportunities. Utilizing the available potential requires high-level professionals, modernization of equipment and greater protection of the environment from pollution, all of which can be realized if the government increases informational and financial support for the beekeeping industry, because in the long term it would contribute to the economic growth of the country.
 ;
SOCIAL WORK STUDENTS' ATTITUDES TOWARDS THE RELEVANCE OF THEIR STUDIES
Authors: Kondratavičienė Renata , Bertašienė Inga , Mačiuikienė Diana
Published: July 2024

Social work education is the cornerstone of preparing students to address complex social problems with professional competence and ethical sensitivity. As the field of social work develops, it is imperative to understand social work students' attitudes towards the relevance of their studies to real world practice. Aim of the research - to explore social work students' attitudes towards the relevance of their academic studies to real-world social work practice.
Research subject - Social work students' attitudes towards the relevance of their studies. Research objectives: 1) identify the relevance of the study; 2) to explore how social work students perceive the relevance of their studies to their future professional practice. The study is based on a quantitative methodology, using a survey questionnaire to collect data from 97 students enrolled in a bachelor's degree programme in social work at a Lithuanian higher education institution. The study used descriptive statistics, correlation analysis and Kruskal-Wallis test to analyse the data. The results showed that students found the study process relevant and meaningful for their personal and professional development. Students generally appreciated the opportunity to apply their knowledge in real-life situations to improve their professional skills. However, state-funded students rated the study process as more relevant than non-state-funded students. The paper concludes that programmes can be attractive to social work students if they are designed and delivered in a way that promotes students' interest in their studies, the application of theory to practice, and support from lecturers and peers. This study contributes to the literature on social work education in higher education by providing insights into social work students' perceptions of the relevance of the study process.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF DIGITALIZATION IN THE LIVESTOCK INDUSTRY 4.0
Authors: Paz Roca Hugo Mauricio , Šatrevičs Vladimirs , Voronova Irina , Greitane Rita
Published: July 2024

The current era is characterized by a digital revolution, and businesses and industries are undergoing accelerated transformation. Now, terms like "Industry 4.0," "digitalization," and "smart" are frequently employed to describe these adjustments. To thrive in the current era, even Livestock Farms must adapt to this transition and employ digitalization. However, Livestock Farmers may delay associating their industry with digitalization and AI. To aid them in this transition, a scientific study was conducted to determine which livestock processes are useful for digitalization and their industry-wide advantages. In addition, it examines the viability of emerging technologies such as blockchain, IoT, Big Data, and AI in animal husbandry. By understanding each process and its digital solution, the various periods of digitalization can be defined.
FORMALIZATION OF TASKS TO ENSURE THE SAFETY OF EMERGENCY AND EXPLOSIVE OPERATIONS IN THE MINING INDUSTRY
Authors: Musaev Marufjan , Boboev Azizjon , Arziyev Eldor
Published: July 2024

The development of quarries and underground mines is characterized by the need to expand their borders and resume the work of temporarily non-working sections of the countries, as well as maintain the capacity for ore production, the reduction of which is associated with a reduction in the active area of ore bodies. At the same time, work intensification is necessary, which is complicated by the limited size of the working area. Such complications can be largely compensated for by increasing the height of the exploding sill. At the same time, work intensification is necessary, which is complicated by the limited size of the working area. Such complications can be largely compensated for by increasing the height of the exploding sill. This is precisely the purpose of the present research, which was carried out by processing arrays of information that allows us to optimize this process. The study was carried out with machine processing of the information and change of the studied parameters.
ON SPECIAL FINITE DIFFERENCE APPROXIMATIONS FOR SOLVING SECOND ORDER DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: Kangro Ilmars , Kalis Harijs
Published: July 2024

The described special methods are applicable for various mathematical physics problems with second-order differential equations involving periodic boundary conditions (PBCs) and first-order homogenous boundary conditions (FBCs). Solutions of some linear and nonlinear problems for parabolic type partial differential equations (PDEs) with FBCs are obtained, using the method of lines (MOL) to approach the PDEs in the time and the discretization in space applying the finite difference scheme with exact spectrum (FDSES). For PBCs we use the finite difference scheme (FDS) for locally approximating periodic function's derivatives in a 2n+1, n>=1 -point stencil, obtaining higher order accuracy approximation. This method in the uniform grid with N mesh points is used to approximate the differential operator of the second and the first-order derivatives in the space.  In this paper, we show that the approximation using the FDSES method is equivalent to the spectral differentiation matrix method based on trigonometric (Fourier) interpolant. Considering, that the solutions obtained in solving nonlinear problems can be very significantly different from classical solutions, for example, mathematical modelling of processes where temperature or energy is concentrated in a very narrow interval or around a point, again causes increased interest in such areas of application as laser technology, military sphere, etc. In this regard, also in the given publication, the solution of the "blow-up" phenomenon of the boundary problem of the nonlinear heat conduction equation has been studied and obtained with the above-mentioned high-accuracy solving methods.
APPLICATION OF FUZZY LOGIC IN CYBERSECURITY DECISION MAKING AND ANALYSIS AFTER A CYBER INCIDENT DETECTION
Authors: Slavyanov Krasimir , Dimov Radostin
Published: July 2024

This scientific report describes an approach of applying a fuzzy logic decision-making system (Fuzzy Inference System) after detecting a specific cyber incident in a given communication and information infrastructure, supporting the adoption of rapid and adequate measures in the affected systems, both to minimize the consequences for the infrastructure and the functioning of the systems as in general, as well as to support the detailed analysis and prevention of a given cyber incident that has been committed. The cyber security decision-making system was designed in MATLAB’s Fuzzy Logic Toolbox, and the input fuzzy variables “Cyber-attack”, “Attack Target”, “Aim of Attack” were used to select specific action rules. The output fuzzy variables that are designed to produce the result of the operation of the fuzzy rules are: “Hardware actions”, “Software actions”, “User actions”, “Cyber intruder's profile”. The purpose of the presented system is to speed up processes after a cyber incident, because delayed and inadequate actions after such an event can lead to an even worse final state of a small or large system, as well as be the cause of great losses for an institution or business. The conducted simulation experiments with different values of the input fuzzy variables prove the approach and the correct decisions that can be made after cyber incidents with different characteristics.
INTEGRATING MIXED REALITY WITH NEURAL NETWORKS FOR ADVANCED MOLECULAR VISUALIZATION IN BIOINFORMATICS: A MATHEMATICAL FRAMEWORK FOR DRUG DISCOVERY
Authors: Trenchev Ivan , Trencheva Tereza , Angelov Vladimir , Spirov Yordan , Karshiyska Yana , Shumanova Kamelia
Published: July 2024

In this study, we develop and present an innovative approach that integrates Mixed Reality (MR) technologies with neural network algorithms, aiming to revolutionize molecular structure visualization in bioinformatics through the application of mathematical methods. The development includes the creation of a mathematical framework aimed at optimizing drug discovery processes, utilizing the potential of MR to facilitate detailed and interactive exploration of molecules in three-dimensional space. Our approach is based on the use of Unreal Engine for the realization of a simulation environment and the application of Python and PyTorch for the development of complex neural network models. These models are capable of efficiently processing and analyzing molecular data, enabling scientifically grounded manipulation of molecular structures. This approach facilitates the identification of potential active sites for interaction with pharmaceutical agents, improving the efficiency and speed of the drug discovery process. A key aspect of our work is the development of a comprehensive mathematical framework that effectively simplifies and optimizes molecular design and analysis, while simultaneously increasing the accuracy of predictions for interactions between potential drug molecules and their targets. This approach not only enriches our understanding of the molecular basis of diseases but also offers a more rational and economical path to pharmacological development. In conclusion, we propose a new approach that we hope will be considered and applied by the scientific community. This method presents a promising opportunity for advancement in research and development in bioinformatics and pharmacology, providing a solid foundation for further exploration of molecular dynamics and drug discovery through the application of mathematical and computer sciences.
RESEARCH OF DIFFERENT TURBO CODE SPEEDS, TYPES OF MODULATIONS, DECODING METHODS AND THEIR COMPATIBILITY WITH ENCRYPTION TECHNIQUES
Authors: Parvanov Stanimir
Published: July 2024

Turbo codes are widely used to perform reliable information transfer over noisy communication connections with limited bandwidth or latency. The focus of the report is the analysis of different turbo encoder speed of the code, types of modulations, decoding methods and their joint use with information covert transmission methods. Realization of the communication channels is realized via Matlab/Simulink software. The effectiveness of communication systems is a matter of constant analysis and research by experts in the field of communication technologies.
APPLIED METHODOLOGICAL ESSENCE OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT IN TRANSPORT THROUGH ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE
Authors: Petrova Irena
Published: July 2024

Modern transport projects are complex, multi-stage and long-term, associated with significant calculations, changing schedules, matching resources, analyzing different scenarios for their impact on the development of transport systems and infrastructure. These projects are implemented in a dynamic external environment with a great influence of rapidly changing political, social and natural factors. This objectively requires the application of flexibility in the planning and determination of the various options for development and the search for new approaches to managing transport projects and ensuring the necessary dynamics. Through the application of artificial intelligence, the flexibility in planning and implementation of these transport projects can be improved. This article examines the possibility of using artificial intelligence in transport project management. More specifically, the methodological essence is emphasized from the point of view of using artificial intelligence in the design and implementation of these projects.
EXPLORING THE INTEGRATION OF VIRTUAL REALITY IN PHYSICAL EDUCATION: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW
Authors: Kuleva Milena
Published: July 2024

Virtual Reality (VR) has emerged as a promising technology with diverse applications across various domains, including education. In the realm of physical education (PE), VR presents an innovative approach to enhance learning experiences, offering immersive environments and interactive simulations. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing literature to explore the integration of VR in PE, focusing on its efficacy, challenges, and potential outcomes. A systematic search of academic databases, including ProQuest/Web of Science, EBSCO, DOAJ, and Gale databases, was conducted to identify relevant studies published between Jan. 2016 and Feb. 2024. Keywords such as "virtual reality" and “physical education” were used to filter the literature. Studies involving diverse research designs, including experimental trials, case studies, and qualitative analyses, were included in the review. The review revealed a growing amount of literature exploring the integration of VR in PE, highlighting its potential to enhance engagement, motivation, and skill acquisition among students. Studies reported positive outcomes in various systems around the world. VR-based interventions demonstrated effectiveness in improving performance, knowledge retention, and adherence to exercise regimens. Moreover, immersive simulations enabled experiential learning, providing students with realistic scenarios. However, challenges such as equipment cost, technical limitations, and user discomfort were noted as barriers to widespread adoption. Additionally, concerns were raised regarding the potential isolation of students and the need for adequate supervision in VR environments. In conclusion, the integration of VR technology in PE shows promise as a valuable tool to enrich teaching and learning experiences. With continued advancements in technology and pedagogy, VR has the potential to revolutionize PE education, providing students with immersive and interactive learning environments conducive to holistic development.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN ARCHITECTURE AND ART EDUCATION
Authors: Elere Elina , Ulme Andra , De Paolis Lucio
Published: July 2024

This article is written in the context of two European cultures from two countries with different histories, both universities collaborating in the field of digital arts. The aim of the study is to provide clear methods for the use of digital tools in higher education for students of architecture and visual arts. To achieve this objective, ten tasks have been set and the results are presented in this paper. The methods used in the study include observation, photo-fixation, Prototyping interior design with artificial intelligence, literature studies, modelling, surveys, and interpretation of their results through graph-analytical methods. The authors present the positive and critical aspects of education: artificial intelligence is powerful and fast at processing huge amounts of data that humans should be able to process over an incomparably longer period, but it is poor at judging people and art. AI accurately processes billions of websites and resources to offer the best results for our search queries, and it has beaten the reigning champions in many intellectual games. But based on their own and others' research, the authors show how inaccurate AI is, for example in predicting whether individuals who have previously used AI in their artwork might achieve better results than if they had produced their own work using their own talent and personal experience. AI is no better than a simple guess, and yet AI is being used to determine people's futures. One of the experts discussed by the authors is Zweig, who introduces us to the basics of AI and provides a toolkit for designing AI systems. Finally, all the respondents explore the ethics of AI and how we can shape the process, prepared us for the biggest question about AI: where we should use it - and where we should not with a particular focus on the quality of education, developing young people's creative abilities, fostering critical thinking and responsible decision-making.
SKILLS AND ATTITUDES TOWARDS USING AI BASED CHATBOTS
Authors: Yoshinov Radoslav , Kotseva Monka , Madzharov Anastas , Chehlarova Neda
Published: July 2024

The results of a survey conducted in 2023 on skills and attitudes towards the use of Artificial Intelligence are presented. The study included employees working in the public administration in the Republic of Bulgaria and students from the Cybersecurity specialty. The aim was to find out to what extent and area of interest the two target groups work with or are willing to start using ChatGPT or similar chatbots. The questions asked in chatbots, as well as the listed by both groups advantages and disadvantages can be used as one of the indicators when creating the teaching materials for school or university courses, as well as for the updating of already ongoing training programs.
CANVA PLATFORM: VISUAL CONTENT FOR DEVELOPING WRITING SKILLS OF PROSPECTIVE ENGINEERS IN ESP CLASSES
Authors: Dmitrenko Natalia , Shkola Iryna , Saliuk Bohdana , Panchenko Violetta , Neshko Svitlana
Published: July 2024

This article explores the integration of visual content technologies, with a specific focus on the Canva.com platform, to enhance the teaching of English for specific purposes (ESP) to prospective engineers. The primary goal of the authors was to investigate the effectiveness and benefits of using Canva.com for developing writing skills among prospective engineers through a mix of theoretical research and practical implementation in an educational setting. For this purpose, they implemented targeted activities via Canva.com, provided classroom observations, conducted a literature review, and administered a questionnaire survey with 50 engineering students, which helped to analyze students' work and demonstrate the impact Canva had on the development of students' writing abilities. Canva’s user-friendly interface and visually appealing templates support the mastery of writing, covering various formats like resumes, cover letters, essays, and engineering blueprints. The article not only highlights the potential of Canva.com but goes further to present concrete examples of activities tailored for prospective engineers. Models of both individual visual storytelling and collaborative endeavours, exemplified by the “Evolution of Railway Technology” project, showcase the platform’s versatility in facilitating engaging and educational experiences. In addition to these activities, the authors provide insightful assessment criteria and teaching tips, offering valuable guidance on effectively incorporating Canva.com into the classroom. By seamlessly integrating visuals into writing activities, the authors emphasize the transformative impact on prospective engineers, encouraging them to express ideas more effectively and imaginatively. The Canva.com platform emerges as a dynamic and indispensable tool in ESP classes, cultivating an environment that not only stimulates creativity but also provides structured templates that empower students to navigate the intricacies of writing with confidence. Consequently, the article advocates wholeheartedly for the effective integration of Canva.com in English language instruction for prospective engineers, presenting a compelling avenue to elevate both their writing skills and overall language proficiency.
AUTOMATED CREATION OF EDUCATIONAL QUESTIONS: ANALYSIS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR ROLE IN EDUCATION
Authors: Rachovski Todor , Petrova Desislava , Ivanov Ivan
Published: July 2024

This study explores the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in education, focusing on its potential benefits and challenges. Through an in-depth analysis of contemporary AI platforms and software technologies, it examines their suitability for educational environments. The study highlights AI's capacity to enhance personalized learning experiences, facilitate educational gaming and simulations, and support teachers in various tasks. However, ethical considerations regarding data privacy and algorithmic bias, as well as technical challenges related to software reliability, require careful attention. By providing insights into the transformative potential of AI in education, this research aims to inform stakeholders about the opportunities and risks associated with its implementation.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SOFTWARE-DEFINED PI/4-DQPSK MODEM WITH RECEIVE ANTENNA DIVERSITY
Authors: Ivanov Ivan , Angelov Mario
Published: July 2024

Software-defined radio (SDR) is leading concept nowadays, for development of multifunctional radio systems. Article addresses design and implementation on SDR platform of digital modulator/demodulator (modem) with pi/4 differential quadrature phase shift keying modulation (pi/4-DQPSK) and antenna diversity in the receiver side. A model of the system was created in GNU Radio Framework. Experimental results of bit error rate (BER) in presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) is obtained through simulation and compared with no diversity system. Superiority of diversity scheme, based on criteria BER, is confirmed by numerical results. An experimental, model-based RF DQPSK modem was implemented with Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) frontend. This step from development process confirms advantages of SDR concept, verifies model implementation trough ability to exchange digital information from the transceiver to the receiver in indoor environment and capability of constructive elements to support cocherense. For future implementation of full functional radio communication system, the need of additional blocks for synchronization  is identified.
MECHANO-MATHEMATICAL MODEL AND EXPRIMENTAL RESULTS ON THE EXCITATION OF THE SHIP’S HULL OSCILLATIONS BY THE MARINE PROPELLER
Authors: Minchev Yuliyan , Minchev Ivaylo
Published: July 2024

This study tackles a critical issue in ship design: propeller-induced vibrations in the hull. We propose a novel mechano-mathematical model that goes beyond previous approaches to elucidate the excitation of these oscillations. Our model incorporates the crucial dynamic connection between the propeller's rotational motion and its oscillations. This refinement allows for a more precise understanding of how propellers, even when mechanically balanced, can excite vibrations through hydrodynamic imbalances. The traditional approach relies on simpler models, often leading to qualitative analysis. This work advances the field by introducing a more robust mechano-mathematical framework. This framework considers the complex interaction between the main engine, shaft line, and propeller, including factors like engine torque variations, propeller moment, and elastic properties of the system. The model is not just theoretical. We present experimental results that validate the spectral components predicted by our model. This successful validation demonstrates the model's accuracy in capturing the real-world dynamics of propeller-induced vibrations. The practical implications of this work are significant. By pinpointing the excitation mechanisms with greater precision, this research can pave the way for the development of improved propeller designs that minimize vibrations. Reduced vibrations translate to enhanced crew comfort, lower maintenance requirements, and potentially even improved fuel efficiency. Additionally, the model can be a valuable tool for optimizing ship powerplant design to ensure smooth operation and extended lifespan.
INVESTIGATION OF THE ЕLASTIC DEFORMATIONS OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SYSTEM DURING TURNING OF ROTARY SURFACES
Authors: Lengerov Angel , Salapateva Silviya , Bojakov Martin
Published: July 2024

In the development, analytical dependencies have been derived for determining the stability of the technological system during turning of rotary parts. Cases such as establishment in a chuck, in dead center and between centers have been analysed. The results of the analytical studies will contribute post-processing accuracy to be determined and predicted.
OPTIMIZING TENSILE STRENGTH AT MAG WELDING PROCESS OF S235JR STEEL
Authors: Sabev Sabi , Chukalov Konstantin
Published: July 2024

The article is of an experimental nature for welding S235JR by MAG welding method. The purpose of this work is to optimize the welding parameters of MAG welding using shield two-component gas cargon 18 to achieve ultimate tensile strength. The experiment is according to central composition design and 13 experiments were made. Samples with dimensions of 100x40x4 mm were tested with a universal tension-compression machine. Statistical processing was done and a regression relationship between welding current and seam width on the maximum tensile strength was obtained.
COMPUTER MODELING AND SIMULATION OF MECHANISMS USING FREE AND OPEN-SOURCE SOFTWARE
Authors: Zagorski Mihail , Miltchev Radoslav , Semkov Mario
Published: July 2024

The present paper aims to examine how free and open-source software (FOSS) can be applied in the processes of computer modeling and simulations of mechanisms. Successful examples of the application of free software for CAD (computer-aided design) and simulation of mechanisms are presented and discussed. A case study is used to exemplify how engineering tasks, related to position function determination, first transfer function and output link’s velocity of a four-bar linkage, can be resolved with the help of an open-source scientific programming language – GNU Octave. Recommendations about the applicability of free open-source software in mechanism analysis are provided.
OPTIMIZING 3D PRINTING PARAMETERS TO IMPROVE DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY
Authors: Sabev Sabi , Chukalov Konstantin , Bakardzhiev Valeri , Izmirliyan Agop
Published: July 2024

The article examines the influence of 3D printing speed and layer thickness on the accuracy of  functional dimensions of a part-eight wall prism with 5 holes-one in the centre and 4 in the periphery. For printing the samples, ABS material was used, which is one of the main materials for the production of  machines and parts. A portal measuring machine with the highest accuracy was used to effectively perform the task of measuring deviations from the size of the sample. Due to the large volume of experimental results, they were averaged to minimize error and processed using statistical processing software. An accurate regression model was obtained and the printing parameters were optimized.
METHODOLOGY AND MODEL FOR THE STUDY OF RELATIVE ACCURACY DEVIATION IN LASER CUTTING OF C 235 STEEL
Authors: Tonchev Nikolay , Georgiev Victor , Dolchinkov Nikolay , Padarev Nikolay , Yankov Emil
Published: July 2024

The paper presents an analysis using the design methodology based on the response of investigated quantities in the optimization of laser cutting parameters in terms of dimensional accuracy for C235 steel samples. The input factors, such as cutting speed, power, and carbon dioxide pressure, on the quality cut, expressed by the relative deviation from accuracy, are examined. The paper proposes an algorithm and a regression model to optimize the deviation from the dimensions between a model and a cut contour, by minimizing the error of this deviation. Based on the conducted experiment and research results, a generalized methodology was created. It can be used after a planned experiment to determine the accuracy of any contours of a test material of a specific thickness.
MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF GRAIN MORPHOLOGY ON THE LASER ENGRAVING PROCESSES
Authors: Minev Roussi , Hristov Veselin , Gospodinov Danail , Yankov Emil , Ilieva Mariana
Published: July 2024

The study describes the Monte Carlo modelling of the ablation depth during the laser marking process. The effect of grain size on the resulting roughness is studied. The results were validated by experiments with model samples of pure iron with different grain sizes. The influence of the laser power, speed and raster distance were also studied and commented.
MULTI-CRITERIA RESEARCH OF GEOMETRIC, MECHANICAL, ENERGETIC ANDTEMPORAL INDICATORS DEPENDING ON LASER HARDENING PARAMETERS
Authors: Tontchev Nikolay , Teirumnieks Normunds , Yankov Emil , Gaydarov Valentin
Published: July 2024

In the paper, using experimental data, models for geometric, mechanical, energetic, and temporal indicators of surface laser hardening are derived. A single-criteria and multi-criteria research was performed using DEFMOT. On this basis, three compromise solutions were obtained, which were rated in terms of performance and energy intensity. From them, a mode for the most rational use is recommended. It consists of V = 3.5 mm/s; P = 1450 W; FPP = 60 mm. The controlled indicators calculated according to the models are specified for it.
ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF THE OGIVE RADIUS OF A 7.62X39 AMMUNITION BULLET ON THE CAVITATION CAVITY
Authors: Bankov Blagovest
Published: July 2024

The aim of the current study is to examine the impact of the ogive radius of a 7.62x39 ammunition projectile on the positioning of a radially-slotted channel that helps increase the angle of the cavitation cavity. The studies were conducted using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) analyses in a SolidWorks environment, simulating the projectile's movement in a water environment. The research findings indicate that lower values of the ogive radius result in higher values of the cavitation cavity angle, which in turn suggests that lower values are more favorable for creating bullets with slotted channels, which enhances linear-progressive movement in a water environment and thus increases the chance of hitting targets below sea level.
RESEARCH ON THE CHANGE IN BALLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF AMMUNITION WITH A MODIFIED PROJECTILE SHAPE DURING ITS MOVEMENT IN AN AIR ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Lazarov Rosen
Published: July 2024

When changing the shape of a projectile in order to reduce its ricochet effect when encountering a water environment, its ballistic characteristics during its movement in the air are also altered, such as projectile speed, range, ballistic coefficient, and shooting grouping. The present study aims to determine the influence on the projectile's speed and ballistic coefficient of the radial rings made on its ogive part.
ANTIVIRUS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AGAINST POWERSHELL OBFUSCATED MALWARE
Authors: Dimov Radostin , Savova Zhaneta
Published: July 2024

In recent years, malware attacks have become increasingly sophisticated, and the methods used by attackers to evade Windows defenses have grown more complex. As a result, detecting and defending against these attacks has become an ever more pressing challenge for security professionals. Despite significant efforts to improve Windows security, attackers continue to find new ways to bypass these defenses and infiltrate systems. The techniques covered in this paper are all currently active and effective at evading Windows defenses. Our findings underscore the need for continued vigilance and the importance of staying up to date with the latest threats and countermeasures.
TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF MODERN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS. THE NEW CHALLENGES FOR DIPLOMACY
Authors: Teodosiev Plamen
Published: July 2024

The report analyzes the modern international system and the factors that influence its development. The impact of the Great Powers, the development of information technology and the impact of social media on the dynamics of international relations are considered. The imbalance of the system, provoked by the fundamentally different views of the main actors - the United States and Russia on the main issues, has increased over the years due to the lack of dialogue aimed at finding mutually acceptable conditions for its existence. There is an aspiration for multi-regionalization of the international system and the emergence of new "players" – China, India, the United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia and the Republic of Türkiye, which seeks to acquire the role of a regional balancer, including through existing regional conflicts, and in the Balkans to be a regional leader. The mosaic of modern international relations is characterized by the restructuring of connections within existing subsystems, which inevitably affects the degree of entropy of the entire system and its individual elements.