bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Midgut Volvulus Secondary to Intestinal Malrotation and Meckel’s Diverticulitis: A Case Report
Authors: Bhattarai Bhawesh , Luitel Prajjwol , Poudel Sujan , Pariyar Suraj , Dahal Aakriti , Koirala Dinesh
Published: November 2024

Background:
Volvulus, a condition where the intestines twist upon themselves, is a serious surgical emergency that commonly affects children. Midgut volvulus is frequently caused by congenital malrotation, a developmental anomaly where the intestines fail to rotate and fixate properly during fetal development. Although Meckel's diverticulum, the most prevalent gastrointestinal congenital anomaly, occurs in approximately 2% of the population, its coexistence with intestinal malrotation is rare.
Case Presentation:
A 7-year-old boy presented with recurrent abdominal pain and bilious vomiting over the past month, worsening in recent weeks. Physical examination revealed mild abdominal distension and tenderness, with stable vitals. Laboratory findings indicated mild leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein, suggesting inflammation. Imaging studies, including X-ray, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced CT, revealed features of small bowel obstruction, midgut volvulus, and intestinal malrotation. An emergency exploratory laparotomy confirmed a volvulus caused by a fibrous band of the vitelline duct, with Meckel's diverticulum and an inflamed appendix. The patient underwent wedge excision of the Meckel’s diverticulum and appendectomy, with an uneventful recovery. He was discharged on postoperative day 4 and remained symptom-free at a 6-month follow-up.
Discussion and Conclusion:
Midgut volvulus, primarily caused by intestinal malrotation, is a life-threatening condition in children that can lead to bowel obstruction and ischemia. While malrotation accounts for 70-80% of volvulus cases, rarer causes, such as Meckel's diverticulum, contribute to fewer than 5%. In this case, the volvulus was further complicated by a fibrous band associated with Meckel’s diverticulitis and concurrent appendicitis. Surgical intervention, including Ladd’s procedure, wedge excision of the Meckel’s diverticulum, and appendectomy, was crucial in preventing further complications. Early diagnosis and prompt surgical correction are essential to avoid volvulus-related morbidity. This case highlights the importance of recognizing coexisting conditions like Meckel’s diverticulitis and appendicitis, which can exacerbate volvulus. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained symptom-free at follow-up, emphasizing the necessity of timely surgical intervention for successful outcomes.
Overexpression of CYP6CY1 is involved in imidacloprid resistance in Sitobion miscanthi (Takahashi) (Homoptera: Aphidae)
Authors: Xiong Yun-Shan , Cui Ling-Ling , Hu Gui-Lei , Zhang Pei , Zheng Jin-Song , Zhang Baizhong , Liu Run-Qiang
Published: November 2024

Sitobion miscanthi is the dominant species and can damage seriously agricultural production. The effective management of wheat aphids was depended on chemical insecticides. However, their wide application has led to severe resistance of wheat aphids to some insecticides, and cytochrome P450 as a detoxifying enzyme plays a crucial role in the insecticide resistance. In this study, CYP6CY1, a new P450 gene was isolated and overexpressed in the resistant strain to imidacloprid. The increased sensitivity to imidacloprid after silencing of CYP6CY1 indicated that it could be participated in imidacloprid resistance. Subsequently, CYP6CY1 within the 3′ UTR targeted by miR-3047-3p was confirmed at the posttranscriptional regulatory level, and involved in the resistance to imidacloprid. These results provide opportunities for understanding the roles of P450 in insecticide resistance of pests.
Reverse Placement of a Double J Ureteral Stent Improve Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms
Authors: Bayar Goksel , Yavuz Abdulmecit , Ofluoglu Yilmaz , Yildirim Caglar
Published: November 2024

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and patient-reported discomfort associated with traditional versus reverse placement of double-J ureteral stents (DJUS) in patients undergoing ureteroscopic stone removal.
Materials and Methods: This prospective, randomized, single-center, one blinded, controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to either the control group (conventional placement) or the study group (reverse placement). Patients in the study group were further subdivided based on the orientation of the upper and lower tips of the stent (B1: upper medial/lower lateral, B2: both medial, B3: both lateral). Patient discomfort was assessed using the Turkish version of the Ureteral Stent Symptom Questionnaire (T-USSQ), and secondary outcomes included postprocedural hydronephrosis, hematuria, and urinary tract infection.
Results: A total of 120 patients completed the study. The reverse placement group (Group B) reported significantly lower USSQ (p<0.05) and reduced analgesic use compared to the control group. Midline crossing of the stent was significantly less frequent in the study group (11.7% vs. 30%; p=0.013). Subgroup analysis revealed that the B1 and B3 groups had significantly lower analgesic usage and symptom scores compared to the control group, while the B2 group reported higher hydronephrosis and symptom scores.
Conclusion: Reverse placement of DJUS, particularly when both stent ends are laterally positioned, may reduce stent-related discomfort. There is a need for a new stent design with both ends facing laterally, tentatively named "ipsi-DJUS".
Atmospheric chemosynthesis may enable colonization of the driest place on Earth
Authors: Moore Rachel , Boy Diana , Boy Jens , Horn Marcus , Guggenberger Georg , Azua-Bustos Armando , Carr Christopher
Published: November 2024

Diverse microbiota inhabit some of Earth's most extreme arid regions, enduring in environments where survival seems improbable. Despite numerous reports of microorganisms across the Atacama Desert—the oldest and driest desert on Earth—our understanding of how they adapt to extreme conditions in its hyperarid core remains limited. Prior systematic studies of the hyper-arid core have relied upon targeted gene sequencing (e.g., 16S rDNA), limiting inference of microbial community structure and function. Here we show that a diverse core group of microbes can be found in the hyperarid core, enabled by processing of large sample volumes linked to low-input metagenomic sequencing of 50 soil samples along a 450 km south-north transect. Linking gene function to soil geochemistry revealed a tipping point related to potential adaptive strategies. Our findings challenge the notion that microbial activity in the hyperarid core is predominantly transient. Among the diversity of metabolic pathways detected, we found evidence of gene circuits that encode proteins capable of using atmospheric trace gases to produce metabolic water and generate energy. Growing evidence of this previously under-recognized capability may extend the known range of habitability for soil microbial communities, with implications for the search for life beyond Earth, such as on Mars or arid exoplanets.
When superfluidity meets superconductivity - extraction of 3He isotope from liquid helium
Authors: Kempiński Wojciech , Banat Piotr , Kempiński Mateusz , Trybuła Zbigniew , Niechciał Jakub , Chorowski Maciej , Poliński Jarosław , Chołast Katarzyna
Published: November 2024

The world needs clean energy. One of the most promising ways of producing it in large amounts is the helium3-deuterium (3He-D) fusion reaction. Although there are numerous sources of 3He on Earth, most of them are either difficult to access or unprofitable to operate. The main problem underlying the shortage of 3He is the lack of an effective method of obtaining this isotope. Here we report the results of quantum filtration of 3He from liquid helium in a superfluid state (below the λ-transition), with the use of an entropy filter made of a high-temperature superconductor YBCO-123. During the operation of so-called fountain effect generated with this filter, unlike the other filters, we observed a strong increase of 3He concentration downstream, where only pure 4He was expected. This effect occurred due to the unique combination of two quantum phenomena –superfluidity and superconductivity, leading to the observation of a low-temperature rectification-like process. This process would be considerably more economical than filtration, as rectification could be operated above the λ-transition. Moreover, micro-superconductors could be applied also to the extraction of deuterium, thus allowing the same method to be used for both crucial components of the 3He-D fusion. This method should be easy to upscale and could be used in space (with less energy input) as 3He, the crucial isotope for future energy, is also sought beyond the Earth.
Thermophysical Properties of Composite Cork at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Bicelli Antonio Renato , Cantor Pedro , Arruda Mario Rui Tiago , Tiago Carlos , Duarte António Pedro Carones , Branco Fernando , Trindade Joanna
Published: November 2024

This study presents an investigation into the numerical and experimental evaluation of a cork board submitted to ISO–834 nominal fire curve within a controlled industrial furnace. The research involves the measurement of surface temperatures during the testing process. The temperature-dependent thermophysical properties of cork were obtained through an inverse analysis procedure, utilizing experimental data for calibration. Afterwards, a two-dimensional numerical model, employing the conventional finite element method, is used to conduct a thermal transient non-linear analysis. The model validates the thermal outcomes obtained from the experimental campaign, thereby confirming the accuracy of temperature vs. time curves. The simulation of heat transfer on the fire contact surface incorporates convection and radiation boundary conditions. Finally, the evaluation of the cork as a fireproof material demonstrates promising merit. It is fair to argue that there is a justification for exploring cork as a potential candidate for an effective renewable insulation material under elevated temperature scenarios.
Keywords: Composite Cork; Transient Thermal Analysis; Inverse Analysis; Finite Element Method.
Machine learning-enabled inverse design of bioinspired layered composite structures with maximum auxetic performances
Authors: Fan Yin , Li Yuze , Li Rui , Zheng Zhouyu , Shen Hui-Shen , Chen Xiuhua , Wen Minhua , Lin Xinhua , Yu Woong-Ryeol , Wang Yeqing
Published: November 2024

Auxetic behaviors in the through-thickness direction are observed in biostructures consisting of multiple composite layers, such as the lamellae of the annulus fibrosus in the intervertebral discs of the spine. This auxetic architecture can be generalized as a layered composite structure (LCS) with an out-of-plane negative Poisson's ratio (NPR) achieved by tailoring the layups. The auxetic mechanism in these LCSs is fundamentally different from that in conventional auxetic metamaterials, which are typically designed based on geometry or flaws. To fully understand this auxetic mechanism and identify the layups that correspond to the minimum NPR for potential maximum performance enhancements, an innovative inverse design process was developed. This process utilizes a multi-start resampling algorithm aided by machine learning (ML). A key finding was the identification of three categories of layup configurations - 4K,2K+1, and 4K+2 - based on the distribution of minimum NPRs. Additionally, both experimental and numerical methods were employed to explore the strain mismatch that underpins the auxetic mechanism. The ML-assisted inverse design presents an efficient method for optimizing similar LCSs, while the discovery of the strain-driven NPR mechanism opens new avenues for the design and application of auxetically architectured structures.
Prediction model of bolt tightening pre-tightening force based on mechanism and data fusion
Authors: Qiao Yueqi , Zhao Bing , Deng Dingshan , Ouyang Weijin
Published: November 2024

In response to the difficulty in predicting the change of pre-tightening force when using torque method to load bolt, this paper proposes a bolt pre-tightening force prediction method based on mechanism and data fusion calculation for hexagonal end face bolt, and establishes a tightening prediction model based on machine learning method. Firstly, a tightening mechanism model of any structural bolt is established, revealing the reasons why pre-tightening force is difficult to predict and errors cannot be eliminated. Secondly, sensitivity evaluation indicator is established to conduct parameter sensitivity analysis on the mechanism model, and the fusion method of “mechanism model guiding data model to perform feature selection” is determined. Finally, a bolt tightening prediction model based on Gaussian Process Regression is proposed, and corresponding engineering prediction software is established. The experimental results show that this prediction model can not only predict the variation of pre-tightening force with torque, but also synchronously display the confidence interval of pre-tightening force fluctuation in a probabilistic sense. Under different external conditions, the prediction results can still maintain good consistency with the experimental results. The prediction model breaks through the limitation of traditional method, which calculates the torque coefficient and indirectly loads the pre-tightening force. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of pre-tightening force and determine the error size.
The uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of polyester filament-TPU composite fabric membranes under high and low temperature environments
Authors: Wang Qianxu , Zhao Jinlong , Chen Wujun , Ren Wangjun
Published: November 2024

With the advancement in the field of membrane structures, the development of new materials and innovative structures suitable for both high and low temperature environments has become a primary direction for future growth. This paper investigates the uniaxial tensile mechanical properties of the newly developed polyester filament-TPU composite fabric membrane (PF-TPU) under high and low temperature conditions. Additionally, numerical simulation was conducted on the self-designed rapidly deployable inflatable membrane structure tent. The study has yielded the relationship between the mechanical properties of the membrane material and temperature variations, as well as a preliminary assessment of the feasibility of the structural design. The results indicate that the PF-TPU membrane material possesses high tensile strength, with both the warp and weft directions, denoted as σuMD and σuTD, exhibiting tensile strengths greater than 200 kN/m at room temperature (25°C). As the temperature increases, both the tensile strength and the elastic modulus of the membrane material gradually decrease. The constitutive relationship curves of the membrane material in both the warp and weft directions exhibit a distinct three-stage characteristic. Inflatable membrane structure tents that can be quickly deployed and retracted can withstand the effects of wind and snow loads in high and low temperature environments. Adding external supports can further enhance the stability of the structure. Taking the wind load application and restoration to stability as an example, the internal pressure is beneficial in the first two stages, and in the final stage, the structure can be adjusted appropriately to be in the optimal stress state.
Villin like suppresses nasopharyngeal carcinoma proliferation by downregulating MYC.
Authors: Wen Yueting , Zhou Ziying , Zhou Yibo , Huang Zhongxi
Published: November 2024

The initial manifestations of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) are subtle and imperceptible, leading to unfavorable clinical outcomes and limited therapeutic alternatives among Southeast Asian populations. Deletion of chromosome 3p is a commonly observed genetic alteration in NPC. In our endeavor to elucidate the key genes and pathways driving NPC growth, we have discovered that Villin like (VILL), located at 3p22.2, functions as a novel tumor suppressor gene (TSG) with significantly diminished expression levels in NPC. This finding underscores the tremendous potential of VILL as an unexplored molecule warranting further investigation. Overexpressing VILL effectively inhibits proliferation by inducing G1 phase arrest in NPC cells while its knockdown yields contrasting effects on cell growth regulation. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that VILL targets MYC. Knockdown of VILL and overexpression of MYC significantly enhance proliferation in an immortal nasopharyngeal epithelial cell line NP69. Moreover, we are the first to report that VILL plays a tumor suppressive role in NPC. Consequently, VILL emerges as a novel prognostic biomarker and a potential therapeutic candidate for NPC.
Exploring the Influence of Sustainable Innovation Quotients on Sustainable Development: Mediating Effects of Technological Complementarity and Moderating Influences of Institutional Quality
Authors: Khan Qaisar , Shaheen Wasim Abbas , Shafi Noman , Shah Syed Afzal Moshadi , Fatima Noureen , Al-Naim Abdullah Faisal
Published: November 2024

In the face of significant global challenges such as climate change, environmental degradation, resource depletion, and food security, urgent solutions are required to secure the future of societies. This study examines the combined effects of Sustainable Innovation Quotient (SIQ) factors on Sustainable Development (SD), offering valuable insights into how sustainability can be designed and implemented to meet current needs without compromising the ability of future generations to fulfill their own. Additionally, it explores the mediating role of Technological Complementarity (TC) and the moderating influence of Institutional Quality (IQ). Using secondary data from 143 countries spanning from 2000 to 2023, sourced from reliable databases like WDI, OECD, and GEM, the research analyzed a wide range of sustainability-related indicators. Quantitative panel data was organized in Excel 365 and analyzed using STATA-17. Descriptive statistics provided an overview of the data, while VIF and correlation matrix tests assessed associations and multicollinearity among independent variables. Diagnostic tests confirmed the validity and reliability of the data, and GMM analysis was employed to test hypotheses. The results confirmed that SIQ significantly enhances SD, with TC serving as a key mediator in this relationship. Additionally, IQ was found to be a crucial moderator that strengthens the link between TC and SD, further amplifying SD outcomes. These findings underscore the importance for institutions and policymakers to focus on advancing SIQ and allocating resources toward complementary technologies to ensure a sustainable future for upcoming generations.
Enhancing the Toughness of High-Entropy Carbide Ceramic (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C through Composite B4C
Authors: She Yunfeng , Lian Min , Ma Shuailing , Li Wei , Li Hao , Hu Kaiping , Feng Junming , Zhao Xingbin , Qi Mengyao , Chen Wang , Zhang Songpeng , Jiang Hao , Zhu Pinwen , Cui Tian
Published: November 2024

The high-entropy carbide ceramic (HEC) (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C has attracted widespread attention due to its excellent mechanical properties and high-temperature stability. However, lower than desired toughness limits its widespread application. In this paper, B4C/(TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C HEC with different molar ratios of B4C were prepared by high pressure and high temperature (HPHT) method (P = 5 GPa, T = 2000 ℃). The results indicate that the toughness of the composite high-entropy carbide ceramics (HEC + B4C composite) initially increases and then decreases with the increase of B4C content, with the maximum toughness being approximately 2 times that of (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C while the hardness remains unchanged (KIC = 11.4 MPa·m1/2, HV = 22.15 GPa). The difference in the strength of chemical bonds between B4C and (TiZrHfNbTa)0.2C in the HEC + B4C composite leads to the formation of heterogeneous distribution of mechanical properties, introducing significant crack deflection, crack branching, and bridging. This effectively disperses the stress at the crack tip, consumes fracture energy, and improves the toughness of the samples. This study provides a significant contribution to the understanding how to balance the hardness and toughness of HEC.
A real-world study of denosumab-related hypocalcaemia based on the US food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System database
Authors: Zhang Nanxin , Fang Xinyu , Lin Yiming , Li Qiang , Zhang Wenming
Published: November 2024

Objective
Review and discuss the risk factors for denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia through the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS)database.
Methods
Using the FAERS database from January 2010 to December 2023, we selected "hypocalcaemia" as the preferred term, "denosumab" as the targeted drug. We used the reporting odds ratio (ROR) based on disproportionality analysis to assess the association between the drug and adverse events. Logistic regression was conducted to identify risk factors for hypocalcaemia. Subgroups were based on dosage, indications, age, gender, and presence of chronic kidney disease. The onset time and the distribution were evaluated.
Results
We identified 2395 cases of denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia after removing duplicates. The odds ratio (OR) for patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD) was 4.21 (1.62–9.01), 2.38(1.99–2.83) for males, and 3.22 (2.06–5.24) for Xgeva(120mg-denosumab) compared to Prolia(60mg-denosumab). The tumor-related group had a 7.11-fold (5.13–10.15) increased risk, while the osteoporosis group had a 5.67-fold (3.25–10.27) increased risk. The adolescent group had a 3.28-fold (1.68–5.96) increased risk, while the elderly group showed a 0.82-fold(0.70–0.96) decreased risk. The median onset of hypocalcaemia with elderly patients was 16 days (7-62) and longer than the patients age from 18 to 65 (12days(5.75‐35),P < 0.05). The onset primarily occurs within two weeks after treatment except for the patients with CKD, whose onset had a constant incidence over time.
Conclusion
Xgeva, adolescents, males, tumor-related indications, and presence of chronic kidney disease were risk factors for denosumab-induced hypocalcaemia. Extended monitoring is recommended for patients with elderly age and CKD.
Temporal Trends and Socioeconomic Status of Injury-Related Hospitalizations in Taiwan from 1998 To 2015
Authors: Sung Chieh , Chung Chi-Hsiang , Sun Chien-An , Tsao Chang-Huei , Ng Daphne Yih , Weng Tsu-Hsuan , Fann Li-Yun , Lin Fu-Huang , Chien Wu-Chien
Published: November 2024

Objective
To compare the causes of hospitalization, injury characteristics, healthcare utilization, and hospitalization outcomes across different economic status groups.
Methods
We utilized data from the 1998–2015 National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) in Taiwan, linking the "Inpatient Expenditures by Admissions" (DD), "Registry for Medical Facilities" (HOSB), and "Registry for Beneficiaries" (ID) files. Cases with ICD-9-CM N codes and E codes indicating injury were selected for analysis, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0.
Results
This study analyzed 4,647,058 hospitalized injury patients from the 1998–2015 NHIRD. Among these patients, 144,793 (3.12%) had an insured amount of less than 18,000 NTD, 3,444,102 (74.11%) had an insured amount between 18,000 and 34,999 NTD, and 1,058,163 (22.77%) had an insured amount of 35,000 NTD or higher. The leading causes of hospitalization were traffic accidents (E800-E848) and falls (E880-E888). Multivariate logistic regression showed that male patients had a 1.050-fold higher risk of longer hospital stays compared to females (AOR = 1.050, 95% CI: 1.046–1.055, p < 0.001). Patients aged 65 years and older had a 2.717-fold higher risk of longer hospital stays compared to those under 5 years old (AOR = 2.717, 95% CI: 2.672–2.762, p < 0.001). Patients with junior high school education or lower had a 1.459-fold higher risk of repeated hospitalization compared to those with university education or higher (AOR = 1.459, 95% CI: 1.015-1.900, p = 0.036). Divorced patients had a 1.903-fold higher risk of repeated hospitalization (AOR = 1.903, 95% CI: 1.045–2.121, p = 0.006).
Conclusion
This study identified traffic accidents and falls as the leading causes of injury-related hospitalizations in Taiwan, with significant disparities across SES groups. Male patients, older adults, and individuals from lower SES backgrounds were at greater risk of prolonged hospital stays and higher rates of repeated inpatient. Lower SES patients often faced financial constraints, potentially leading to early discharge and suboptimal treatment. To effectively reduce the burden of injuries, targeted prevention efforts should focus on high-risk populations, particularly those vulnerable to traffic accidents and falls. Enhancing healthcare management, improving medical treatment capabilities, and addressing healthcare disparities are crucial for reducing injury incidence, hospitalization costs, and mortality, particularly among socioeconomically disadvantaged groups.
Study on the Mechanical Properties Equivalence of High-Temperature Red Sandstone and Neural Network Prediction
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Qin Mingze , Qin Nan , Sun Tianxiang , Zhang Dongxu , Ji Pizhi , Wang Yongyan
Published: November 2024

Background
Post-disaster assessment is an important problem in engineering field, and cooling methods after high temperature are important factors to be considered.
Purpose
In order to explore the damage characteristics of red sandstone after heat impact, and realize the damage assessment and quantization.
Methods
Red sandstone specimens were heated respectively at temperature ranging from 200℃ to 700℃, and were cooled by air or water. In addition, a improved Nishihara model was used to construct a constitutive model of heat impact damage and validated using a neural network model.
Results
The test results indicate that: the peak strength of the red sandstone is bounded by 400℃, which is first increased and then decreases. And the strength of the water-cooled samples are less than that of the air-cooled samples. Both the improved Nishihara model and neural network model have high correlation coefficients and can achieve the damage assessment under different temperature and cooling rates.
Conclusions
There is a temperature threshold, so that the peak strength first increases and then decreases. The cooling rate will enhance the heat impact damage and aggravate the deterioration of the physical and mechanical properties. The improved Nishihara model and neural network model can achieve damage prediction.
Shared Cognitive Processes of Language and Numerical Cognition: A Tale of Two Routes
Authors: Andras Filip , Macizo Pedro
Published: November 2024

We propose two shared processes in language and numerical cognition: memory retrieval (related to the lexical route in language and arithmetic facts retrieval in arithmetic) and analytical procedures (related to the sublexical route in language and counting/transformation procedures in arithmetic). To empirically evaluate this theoretical framework, participants completed five language tasks (i.e., a lexical decision task, three reading-aloud tasks, and a homophone decision task) and two arithmetic tasks (i.e., solving small and large addition problems). From our theoretical perspective, we anticipated that individual differences in retrieval processes and analytical procedures in reading would predict similar individual differences in arithmetic. Multiple linear regression and logistic regression models confirmed that the use of analytical procedures during reading predicted the use of analytical procedures in arithmetic. Moreover, the use of lexical relative to sublexical route predicted the use of retrieval relative to analytical strategies in arithmetic when these strategies were self-reported. Overall, this study introduces a novel theoretical perspective suggesting that both language and mathematics are ruled by the same retrieval processes and analytical procedures. The empirical evidence reported here supports this proposal.
A new method for estimating reference crop evapotranspiration based on solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence: arid and semi-arid regions of northern China as an example
Authors: Wang Renjun , Zhang Shuaiqiang , Zheng Jianghua
Published: November 2024

Accurately estimating reference crop evapotranspiration (ET0) is crucial for evaluating crop water needs, guiding irrigation practices, and effectively managing water resources at the regional level. However, conventional ET0 estimation models heavily depend on numerous meteorological parameters, which can pose limitations when such data is scarce or incomplete. The integration of Solar-Induced Chlorophyll Fluorescence (SIF) with the ET0 model offers a novel approach for ET0 estimation, but this model encounters significant uncertainties in capturing the seasonal variations of ET0. Consequently, there remain challenges in accurately monitoring the spatial and temporal patterns of large-scale ET0 changes using the SIF-based methodology. In order to address this limitation, we incorporate the basal crop coefficient (Kcb) into the original SIF_ET0 model to provide constraints, resulting in the development of the improved SIF_ET0 model (RET0_SIF). The research findings indicate that: (1) In comparison to the ET0_SIF model, the RET0_SIF model, combined with three machine learning algorithms, exhibits superior performance. It can more accurately capture the seasonal variations of ET0 across 22 monitoring stations;(2) Comparing with the five traditional empirical models, RET0_SIFo exhibits superior estimation accuracy. Its multi-year average deviation from ET0PM across 22 stations is merely 0.59 mm/8days. In contrast, the multi-year average deviations of the five traditional empirical models from ET0PM are 2.29 mm/8days, 16.87 mm/8days, 8.42 mm/8days, -11.82 mm/8days, and − 11.44 mm/8days, respectively;(3) From 2000 to 2019, RET0_SIFd exhibits a spatial pattern of gradual decrease from west to east in the study area and shows an increasing trend over the time series. The linear trend of increase is 2.56. This study seeks to provide a scientific reference for accurately estimating ET0 in arid and semi-arid regions, as well as for the rational allocation of water resources.
Optimizing Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetlands for Rural Wastewater Treatment: A Box-Behnken Design Approach
Authors: Shruthi R
Published: November 2024

The efficacy of horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetlands for the treatment of rural wastewater was investigated. The study aimed to optimize the process parameters, including hydraulic retention time (HRT) (2–10 days), hydraulic loading rate (HLR) (2.5–10.5 cm/d), and organic loading rate (OLR) (2.9–16.7 g/m2/d), using the Box-Behnken design of experiments. The response variables were the removal efficiencies of total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN), chemical oxygen demand (COD), and biological oxygen demand (BOD). Within 10 days, the constructed wetland achieved removal efficiencies of 52.6% for TKN, 86.41% for COD, and 92.66% for BOD. The experimental data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the model's fit was assessed. The results showed that HRT had the most significant impact on COD and BOD removal, while OLR had the greatest influence on TKN removal. The response models demonstrated a strong correlation between the observed and predicted responses, confirming the accuracy of the Box-Behnken approach. Quadratic equations were developed for the models, and the significant factors were identified. The findings suggest that constructed wetlands are an effective solution for treating rural wastewater, and the optimization of process parameters can enhance their performance.
An association of SOFA scores with Candida tropicalis septic shock: A Retrospective Analysis in a Thai Referral Center
Authors: Leepattarakit Teera , Tulyaprawat Orawan , Mongkudkarn Anusara , Ngamskulrungroj Popchai
Published: November 2024

Background
Candida tropicalis is a leading cause of candidemia in Thailand, with septic shock significantly increasing mortality risk. Although biofilm formation has been associated with worse outcomes in candidemia, its role in predicting septic shock remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the clinical factors and biofilm formation associated with the development of septic shock in C. tropicalis bloodstream infections.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed the medical records of 198 patients diagnosed with C. tropicalis candidemia at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, from 2015 to 2019. Patients were categorized into septic shock and non-septic shock groups. Biofilm formation was measured using the XTT reduction assay. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests, univariable and multivariable regressions, were conducted to identify predictors of septic shock.
Results
Septic shock occurred in 35.9% of patients. The most significant predictors of septic shock included mechanical ventilation (87.3% vs. 47.2%, p < 0.001), ICU admission (70.4% vs. 39.4%, p < 0.001), and higher SOFA scores. However, the biofilm formation was not the significant predictor. Multivariable analysis revealed that respiratory SOFA (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.25–5.83) and cardiovascular SOFA (OR 4.33, 95% CI 2.44–7.69) scores were independent risk factors for septic shock development.
Conclusions
These findings highlight the importance of early identification and targeted management strategies to mitigate the risk of septic shock in patients with C. tropicalis bloodstream infections.
Nutritional status of older Chinese patients with obesity, sarcopenia, or sarcopenic obesity
Authors: Kuang Qi-Fei , Xiang Qun-Yan , Liu Yi-Yang , Wang Yan-Jiao , Liu Yue-Hua , Zhan Jun-Kun , Wang Yi , Li Shuang , Liu You-Shuo
Published: November 2024

Background
Nutritional status is a malleable determinant of body composition abnormalities, including obesity, sarcopenia, and sarcopenic obesity (SO). Here, we evaluated the prevalence of these abnormalities in older Chinese inpatients and explored their correlations with the patients’ nutritional status.
Methods
In total, 451 inpatients aged ≥ 65 years admitted to the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were included. An algorithm proposed by Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 was used to diagnose sarcopenia in these patients; moreover, their nutritional status was assessed using the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short-Form (MNA-SF). We used Spearman correlation analysis to assess the relationship between the MNA-SF scores and muscle health indexes of the patients. Subsequently, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to investigate the associations of obesity, sarcopenia, and SO with nutritional status.
Results
Obesity, sarcopenia, and SO were noted in 20.62%, 33.26%, and 7.54% of the older patients, respectively. The MNA-SF scores indicated that 36.59% and 7.32% of the older patients had malnutrition and undernourishment risks, respectively. Malnutrition prevalence was only 1.08% and 2.94% in the obesity and SO groups, respectively. In contrast, 31.33% and 50.67% of older patients with sarcopenia were malnourished and malnutrition risk, respectively. MNA-SF scores were positively correlated to muscle health indexes, including calf circumference, skeletal muscle mass index, and grip strength (all p < 0.001). Patients with a normal nutritional status had less than one-tenth the risk of sarcopenia compared with those malnourished (odds ratio = 0.066; 95% confidence interval = 0.022–0.198); this association persisted after adjustments for age, sex, medication status, and laboratory parameters.
Conclusion
Body composition abnormalities including obesity, sarcopenia, and SO were common among older patients. Compared with those with sarcopenia, older patients with obesity and SO demonstrated lower rates of malnutrition. Sarcopenia occurrence is associated with poor nutritional status, particularly malnutrition occurrence and risk.
Comparative Evaluation of Machine Learning Models for UAV-Derived Biomass Estimation in Miombo Woodlands
Authors: Melitha Goodluck S. , Kashaigili Japhet J. , Mugasha Wilson A.
Published: November 2024

Accurately estimating above-ground biomass (AGB) is critical for understanding carbon storage and ecosystem dynamics, which are essential for sustainable forest management and climate change mitigation. This study evaluated the performance of four machine learning models XGBoost, Random Forest (RF), Gradient Boosting (GBM), and Support Vector Machine (SVM) in predicting AGB in Miombo Woodlands using UAV-derived spectral and height data. A total of 52 model configurations were tested, incorporating up to five predictor variables. XGBoost demonstrated superior performance, explaining 99% of the variance (R² = 0.99), with a low RMSE of 9.82 Mg/ha and an rRMSE of 8.25%. Although it showed a slight underestimation bias (-2.48), XGBoost proved highly reliable in handling complex ecosystems like Miombo. Random Forest also performed well, explaining 91% of the variance (R² = 0.91), though it exhibited higher error rates (RMSE = 30.81 Mg/ha). In contrast, GBM and SVM showed weaker performance, with R² values of 0.23 and 0.81, respectively. This study highlights the potential of UAV data combined with advanced machine learning models, particularly XGBoost, for accurate biomass estimation. Future research should explore integrating UAV data with technologies like LiDAR or satellite imagery to further improve prediction accuracy across diverse ecosystems.
Occupational exposures to pesticide mixtures and its epigenomic effects among agriculture farmers
Authors: Sultana Shahajan , Karunamoorthy Panjakumar , Tumane Rajani , Venugopal Dhananjayan , Ambikabathy Mala , Beerappa Ravichandran
Published: November 2024

Background
In agriculture, pesticides play a crucial role in controlling pests and improving crop yields. However, exposure to these chemicals poses potential health risks to farmers who frequently handle them through activities such as pesticide spraying and other farm-related tasks.
Methods
This cross-sectional study investigated epigenomic changes among farmers exposed to pesticides in a rural farming community. The participants cultivating grapes, vegetables, and flowers were categorized as the exposure group, while individuals from non-agricultural occupations who did not handle pesticides served as the unexposed control group. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants to quantify global DNA methylation levels, a key epigenetic marker susceptible to environmental modulation.
Results
A statistically significant increase in methylation levels (1.09 ± 0.17) was seen among the people exposed to pesticides, as compared to controls (0.78 ± 0.23). However, linear regression models showed no significant associations between global methylation levels and either the duration of pesticide exposure or the participants' age, indicating that these factors may not directly influence the observed methylation changes.
Conclusion
Pesticide exposure may disrupt epigenetic markers like DNA methylation, regardless of age or exposure duration. Elevated methylation levels in exposed farmers hint at potential health risks, urging ongoing monitoring. The study highlights the importance of safer pesticide practices to safeguard farmers' well-being and mitigate long-term occupational hazards.
Global Trends and Disparities in Substance Use Disorders: Decades of Challenges amid Emerging Threats and the COVID-19 Impact (1990-2021)
Authors: Yu Tianyue , Wang Meiti , Zheng Jinxin , Guan Shiyang , Chen Jianhua
Published: November 2024

Aims
To provide a comprehensive analysis of the global epidemiology of substance use disorders (SUDs) from 1990 to 2021, highlighting trends, disparities, and public health implications.
Design
An analytical study leveraging data from the Global Burden of Diseases (GBD) to explore prevalence, distribution, and determinants of SUDs.
Settings
Global analysis with a focus on geographic disparities and socio-economic impacts across different regions.
Participants
Data includes global populations affected by substance use disorders as captured by the GBD database from 1990 to 2021.
Measurements
Examination of Age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR), age-standardized prevalence rate (ASPR), and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate (ASDR) and analysis of trends in substance use, particularly opioid use, across different regions and economic groups.
Findings
There has been a 16.9% reduction in the overall ASPR since 1990. However, significant geographic disparities exist, with high-income regions of North America experiencing the greatest burden and Western Sub-Saharan Africa the lowest. The study identifies a rise in opioid use and emphasizes the socio-economic impacts of SUDs.
Conclusions
The study demonstrates the ongoing severity of SUDs and the need for cohesive and integrated health policies, especially given the influence of emerging psychoactive substances and the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights pathways for targeted interventions and informs global health strategies.
The Relationship Between Complications and Geriatric-8 Scores in Elderly Patients Who　Underwent Minimal Invasive Surgery for Gynecologic Malignancies
Authors: Sawada Shiina , Nagamata Satoshi , Yamanaka Keitaro , Masuko Naohisa , Takahashi Ryosuke , Sasagawa Yuuki , Nishimoto Masashi , Wakahashi Sen , Terai Yoshito
Published: November 2024

Background
This study examines the correlation between Geriatric-8 (G8) scores and perioperative complications in elderly patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery (MIS) for gynecological malignancies. Given the increasing elderly population and use of MIS, understanding these risks is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Methods
A retrospective study at Kobe University Hospital included patients aged 65 and older who underwent MIS for gynecological malignancies between January 2019 and March 2024. G8 scores were calculated from medical records, and complications were defined using the Clavien-Dindo classification or the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5 grade Ⅱ or higher within 30 days postoperatively and cases that required rehabilitation intervention due to a decline in Activities of Daily Living (ADL).
Results
Among 68 patients, 24 were in the Complication Group and 44 in the Non-Complication Group. The median G8 score was 12.5 in the Complication Group and 14.5 in the Non-Complication Group (p = 0.008). The Complication Group had significantly lower G8 scores (p = 0.02) in robot-assisted surgeries, while no significant difference was observed in laparoscopic surgeries.
Conclusion
Lower G8 scores predict higher perioperative complication rates in elderly patients undergoing MIS for gynecological malignancies. The G8 tool effectively predicts perioperative complications in MIS for gynecologic malignancies and aids in treatment decisions.
Predicting the potential global distribution of Leptotrombidium rubellum under current and future climate change
Authors: mu qunzheng , Li Fengfeng , Li Wenyu , Wang Xiaoxia , Tang Mingyuan , Chen Kehan , Jiang Yihao , Liu Jingqi , Zhang Shirong , Wang Chuan
Published: November 2024

Background
Leptotrombidium rubellum (L. rubellum) has been proven to be a vector for the transmission of scrub typhus. But no studies have been conducted to project the global distribution of potential distribution for L. rubellum under current and future climate scenarios. To predict the future global potential distribution range of L. rubellum under various climate scenario models, analyze the major environmental factors affecting its distribution, and provide references for the transformation of passive vector surveillance into active vector surveillance.
Methods
The maximum entropy model (MaxEnt) was used in this study to estimate the global potential distribution range of L. rubellum under historical climate scenarios and different future climate scenarios. Collect data on the distribution of L. rubellum from database literature. Maxent 3.4.1 and R 4.1.0 were used to screen climate variables according to the contribution rate of environmental variables, knife cutting method and correlation analysis of variables. R 4.1.0 was used to calculate model regulation frequency doubling and feature combination to adjust MaxEnt parameters.
Results
The model results showed that the training omission rate was in good agreement with the theoretical omission rate, and the area under ROC curve (AUC) value of the model was 0.997. Among the included environmental variables, the prec7 (Precipitation in July) and elev (elevation) contributed the most to the model, providing more effective information for the distribution of L. rubellum. The potential suitable areas are distributed in Asia, Africa, South and North America. Especially China and its neighboring countries.
Conclusions
Under the future climate scenario model, the potential suitable areas show an expansion trend. Although there has been little change in the countries and regions that involve suitable areas, there is a trend of expansion in the range of these countries and regions. Therefore, the invasion risk of the potential suitable area of L. rubellum should be paid attention to.
Population relationship analysis of black goat subpopulations in southern areas of China: Correlation of SNPs and methylation sites in their differentiated genes
Authors: Wu Hao , Qin Baochun , Yang Guang , Shao Qingyong , Zhu Jianming , zhou Yu , Gao Yu , Zhang Lu , Wang Bingyuan , Ji Pengyun , Liu Guoshi
Published: November 2024

The black goats are widely distributed in the southern areas of China with many phenotypically distinguishable variants. However, the lineages of these variants have not been investigated. In this study, whole-genome sequencing analysis was conducted on 66 black goats collected from 3 variants in Hainan, Guangdong, Shandong, Guangxi and Yunnan Provinces respectively. The results from population analysis indicated that genetically, the Hainan large ear size black goats are more closely related to the Nubian and Yunnan black goats, while the Hainan small ear size black goats are closely related to the Guangdong black goats. Therefore, all these black goat variants probably originate from two subgroups, that is the large and small ear sizes of black goats in Hainan Province. These two subgroups have 10 significantly differentiated genes. Out of these 10 genes, 4 have their SNPs and methylation sites being significantly correlated, 2 have only one methylation site was significantly correlated with one SNP while this one methylation site and SNP site were at the same location. All these methylation and SNP significantly corelated sites became the key molecular markers for identification of black goat subpopulations in the southern region of China.
Natural impaired peroxisomal side-chain shortening reaction of 3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoyl CoA reveals plant acetophenone biosynthetic pathway
Authors: Xu Lingfei , Zhai Rui , Zhang Hongjuan , Xie Yinpeng , Zhang Shichao , Zhou Fengli , Du Xuan , Chen Weifeng , Yan Yanfang , Li Pengmin , Atkinson Ross , Zhang Jing , Wang Zhigang , Yang Chengquan , Guan Qingmei , Ma Fengwang
Published: November 2024

Acetophenones, which show scattered distribution in organisms including phylogenetically distant plants and fungi, are play diverse roles in plant-plant, plant-insect, plant-microbiome, and even animal-insect interactions. However, the enzymes involved in plant acetophenone biosynthetic pathway remain enigmatic. Here we uncover the complete biosynthesis pathway of 4-hydroxyacetophenone glucoside using pear as a model organism. We demonstrate that the natural occurrence of 4-hydroxyacetophenone in certain pear cultivars is due to the impaired shortening reaction of propanoid side chain of 4-hydroxy-3-oxo-3-phenylpropanoyl CoA. This reaction is catalyzed by a peroxisomal 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase, which is homozygous malfunctioning in these pear cultivars. This rare phenomenon reminds us that not only neofunctionalization but ‘malfunctionalization’ also fuels diversification in plant secondary metabolism. Forward genetic approaches are powerful to shed light on such ‘hidden’ or recessive pathways in plants.