bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH SUBSTITUSI BY-PRODUCT INDUSTRI TAPIOKA PADA FESES SAPI PERAH SEBAGAI SUBSTRAT BIOGAS TERHADAP NILAI pH, PRODUKSI METAN DAN KECERNAAN BAHAN ORGANIK
Authors: Istiadi M. , Sutaryo Sutaryo , Purnomoadi Agung
Published: August 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi co-digesti onggok dengan feses sapi perah sebagai substrat pada digeter biogas terhadap nilai pH, produksi metan dan kecernaan bahan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa tidak adanya perbedaan yang nyata (p>0,05) antara perlakuan penggunaan onggok dan feses sapi perah sebagai substrat biogas (T1) dengan feses sapi perah tanpa substitusi dengan onggok (T0) terhadap nilai pH, produksi methan dan kecernaan bahan organik. Nilai pH pada perlakuan T1 sebesar 6,68 dan T0 sebesar 6,86. Produksi metan pada T1 sebesar 204,84 ml/g volatile solid (VS) dan pada T0 sebesar 184,88 ml/g VS. Kecernaan bahan organik pada T1 (29,44%) dan T0 (23,06%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah substitusi onggok sebesar 5% pada feses sapi perah sebagai substrat biogas dengan bahan baku feses sapi perah tidak memberikan perbedaan terhadap nilai pH, hasil produksi metan dan kecernaan bahan organik. Kata kunci : Biogas, Kecernaan bahan organik, Nilai pH, Onggok, Produksi metan
EVALUASI KARAKTERISTIK KUANTITATIF KAMBING SAMOSIR BERDASARKAN ANALISIS KOMPONEN UTAMA DI KECAMATAN NAINGGOLAN KABUPATEN SAMOSIR
Authors: Damanik Petrisa P. , Wiyanto Eko , Depison Depison
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik kuantitatif kambing Samosir jantan dan betina di Kabupaten Samosir Kecamatan Nainggolan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi. Teknik pengambilan sampel  secara purpossive sampling yaitu umur 6-12 bulan, tidak dalam keadaan bunting, dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 ekor yang terdiri dari 30 ekor jantan dan 30 ekor betina. Data yang dihimpun adalah karakteristik kuantitatif meliputi: bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, panjang badan, tinggi pundak, lingkar dada, dalam  dada, lebar dada, tinggi pinggul, lingkar kanon dan lingkar scrotum kambing samosir di Kabupaten Samosir. Data yang telah dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan uji beda rata-rata (uji-T). Vektor nilai rata-rata ukuran-ukuran tubuh Kambing Samosir dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik T2-Hotelling, selanjutnya analisis komponen utama digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi penciri bentuk dan ukuran tubuh pada ternak kambing. Pengolahan data dibantu dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak statistik Minitab 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot badan dan pertambahan bobot badan kambing Samosir jantan lebih baik dibandingkan kambing Samosir betina. Faktor penentu ukuran tubuh adalah panjang badan sedangkan faktor penentu bentuk tubuh adalah lebar dada. Kata kunci : Karakteristik kuantitatif, Analisis komponen utama, Kambing Samosir
Integração de tecnologias digitais de informação e comunicação nas comunidades da zona rural, no contexto do projeto TECSOL – CDCR – BA
Authors: Ribeiro Silvar Ferreira , Pinto Sonia Maria da Conceição
Published: August 2020

Apresenta o resultado de pesquisa realizada de 2013 a 2016 na zona rural do Estado da Bahia, envolvendo professores e estudantes de escolas de educação básica e técnicos vinculados ao projeto Tecnologias Sociais para a Inclusão Digital e o Desenvolvimento da Economia Solidária (TECSOL), desenvolvido em parceria entre a Universidade do Estado da Bahia e a Secretaria de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação do Governo do Estado (SECTI), com o apoio da Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (FINEP). Incluiu 30 Centros Digitais de Cidadania Rural (CDCR), em escolas de famílias agrícolas ou espaços indicados pelos municípios, realizando ações educativas, voltadas para a inclusão digital. O objetivo foi propor e analisar o processo de integração de Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação (TDIC), compreendendo que essa integração envolve questões socioculturais, a operacionalização de práticas sociais, assim como os interesses dos sujeitos do processo educativo, bem como identificar a visão, opiniões e ideias dos sujeitos participantes sobre a integração destas tecnologias na suas comunidades. Os conceitos de inclusão digital (WARSCHAUER, 2006; CASTELLS, 2000; SANTOS, 2000), literacia digital (BUZZATO, 2006; LANKSHEAR e HNOBEL, 2006; SAITO e SOUZA, 2011) e tecnologia social (TS) (DAGNINO, 2010), foram estruturantes. Pesquisa qualitativa com observação participante e grupos focais, deu voz aos sujeitos, propiciando a criação de aplicativos para dispositivos móveis voltados para o seu cotidiano. Os resultados evidenciaram a participação efetiva, engajamento no processo e as comunidades de prática. Concluiu-se que as intervenções, permitiram o desenvolvimento de literacias, por meio de dispositivos digitais, possibilitando a pretendida integração da TDIC, nos processos educativos das comunidades da zona rural.
Hybrid Energy System with MPPT Techniques: A Review
Authors: Kumar Suraj , Mehar Varsha
Published: August 2020

The efficient use of energy produced from renewable energies is more important in this scenario. This document provides a detailed overview of the hybrid power system (HPS) with solar and MPPT controls. An autonomous solar system is the best choice for a rural area to provide uninterrupted energy. MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) is generally used in photovoltaic (PV) systems to maximize the output power of photovoltaic panels regardless of climate change. Fast response and high tracking accuracy are two essential design requirements for MPPT control.
Um novo olhar sobre um instrumento de medição do perfil empreendedor
Authors: Silva Valdemir José Máximo Omena da , Martins Silvana Neumman , Forneck Kári Lúcia , Vizzotto Patrick Alves , Omena Sarah Patrícia Aguiar e Silva
Published: August 2020

Este estudo tem por objetivo redimensionar um instrumento de pesquisa criado pelo Sebrae que permite identificar o perfil empreendedor do indivíduo, constituído por 85 afirmativas, que versam sobre características do empreendedor. O seu tamanho pode inviabilizar a aplicação, pois requer muito tempo para responder, possibilitando a fadiga dos respondentes. A proposta foi reduzi-lo por meio de técnicas estatísticas, sem que sua validade, confiabilidade e poder de medida fossem prejudicados. Para isso, um teste-piloto foi realizado com alunos da disciplina de empreendedorismo de uma Universidade comunitária do Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado, obteve-se um instrumento reduzido com 34 afirmativas, mantendo semelhantes os índices de validação do instrumento original. Espera-se que o questionário reduzido contribua com docentes, pesquisadores e profissionais de variadas áreas, auxiliando-os na apresentação de diagnósticos sobre o perfil do empreendedor no contexto brasileiro.
A (in)certeza das alomorfias socioeducativas
Authors: Azevedo Sílvia , Correia Fátima
Published: August 2020

O atual artigo exibe novos pressupostos socioeducativos e pedagógicos, patenteando a colaboração da Educação Social como uma alomorfia em contextos de máximo risco coletivo. Em Portugal, o trabalho com os grupos sociais mais vulneráveis e expostos ao risco, independentemente do seu espetro social, económico ou cultural, não tem tido por base uma estável interferência sociopedagógica, ainda mais num momento de alta instabilidade social como a que se vive hoje em tempos de pandemia COVID19.  A Educação Social, mais do que nunca, tem de anteferir a transformação e a integração dos que ficam íntimos da exclusão. Necessitamos de um modelo social e educativo forte e diligente, capaz de evitar percursos de risco coletivo, para que os efeitos da pandemia sejam minimizados e se consigam criar medidas de desenvolvimento e reconversão profissional, onde a Educação Social é um instrumento integrativo.
A Thought on Applicability of Sun Tzu’s Strategy on Marketing Strategy
Authors: Hartanto Fenny Widyani , Agustini Maria Yoshephine Dwi Hayu
Published: August 2020

Sun Tzu’s strategy is actually an art of war used by Chinese military under Sun Tzu to win the war. Its application has been widespread beyond the military strategy. It has also been adopted for business strategy. This manuscript is to examine applicability of Sun Tzu’s strategy on marketing. In particularly it examines if Sun Tzu’s strategy can be applied as marketing strategy. Review manuscripts in related topics and a case study on a company are the method for the examination. The result indicates that Sun Tzu’s strategy is applicable in marketing and can be related with specific marketing terms.
Business Plan of “Me and Wood” Company in Producing Wood WasteProducts
Authors: Luci Oxi Yondi
Published: August 2020

This research aims at composing a business plan for “Me and Wood” Company in producing wood waste key chain in order to compete in merchandise market,which is reviewed from the aspects of marketing, human resources, operation, and finance. This research gives insight about business plan and business feasibility test and becomes a reference for especially business feasibility study in similar area. Business opportunity of “Me and Wood” was identified with a survey conducted to 58 respondents and observation to manufacturers of similar products. Product marketing is planned to use online media such as website, social media, and e-marketplace. Through innovative planning, the business is expected to develop and has an efficient production process. “Me and Wood” is planned to be located in Kaliwungu, Kendal, Central Java. Human resources involved have specification, job description, detailed organizational structure, and skill. From the calculation results, Payback Period for “Me and Wood” Merchandise Company can be achieved in 2 years and 2 months period, NPV equals to 343,441,899, IRR equals to 49.06% which is higher than the interest rate, and PI equals to 7.06%. If the condition matches the research estimation, then “Me and Wood” merchandise company is feasible.
THE PREFERENCE OF SURROGATE VIEW AMONG DIFFERENT TYPES OF OFFICE WORKERS
Authors: Ping Tan Hui , Abdul Majid Roshida
Published: August 2020

Surrogate view is an element that helps to improve the indoor quality in a windowless office. This study proposed the preference of surrogate view among different types of office workers as an immediate solution in windowless office. Through the survey the most preferred surrogate view among indoor and outdoor workers are the window with sea view 2.95 and 2.86 in the mean. The preferences among worker who spent less than and more than 3 hours are the view to sea which took 2.89 and 2.95 in the mean. The preferences among worker who with and without usage of computer are the view to sea which took 2.96 and 2.88 in the mean
DECISION MAKING PROCESS PRACTISED AT PLANNING PHASE IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Mohd Sofberi Nurul Atiqah , Zainal Rozlin
Published: August 2020

This study examines the decision making process practised by Malaysian housing developers at the planning phase for housing development. The theoretical process model is developed by integrating the process that has been established by numerous authors and researchers on the subject of decision making. Sets of the questionnaire are distributed to private housing developers and analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Hence, this study provides a new process model for decision making at the planning phase of housing development in Malaysia and helps developers and governments to make better predictions before proceeding to the construction phase.
PERAN PEKERJA SOSIAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN COPING STRES MASYARAKAT
Authors: Fahrezi Muhammad , Wibowo Hery , Irfan Maulana , Humaedi Sahadi
Published: August 2020

Munculnya pandemi COVID-19 diberbagai negara pada tahun ini sangat mempengaruhi segala aspek dimasyarakat. Hal tersebut ditandai dengan kebijakan yang dikeluarkan oleh setiap Negara untuk mengurangi angka persebaran virus COVID-19. Khususnya Indonesia yang merupakan Negara dengan kekeluargaan yang erat antara satu dan lainnya tidak dapat memungkiri bahwa kebijakan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah akan memiliki dampak terhadap setiap individunya. Kemungkinan tingkat stress meningkat akibat kurangnya bersosisalisasi dan juga gagalnya seseorang untuk beradaptasi dengan situasi baru yang ada saat ini. Maka didalam keadaan ini Pekerja Sosial dapat membantu meningkatkan kemampuan coping stress masyarakat untuk mengurangi tingkat stress seseorang dimasa pandemi ini.
Tpeak-Tend, Tpeak-Tend dispersion and Tpeak-Tend/QT in children and its relationship with clinical variables
Authors: Castro-Torres Yaniel , Carmona-Puerta Raimundo , Chávez-González Elibet , González-Rodríguez Emilio Francisco
Published: August 2020

Aim: To characterize the Tpeak-Tend, the Tpeak-Tend dispersion and Tpeak-Tend/QT in children and its relationship with clinical variables.
Methods: Cross-sectional study in 126 children between 9 and 12 years of the Camilo Cienfuegos School in Santa Clara, Cuba. Clinical and anthropometric variables were obtained to determine their relationship with electrocardiographic parameters: Tpeak-Tend V5, Tpeak-Tend dispersion and Tpeak-Tend/QT ratio V5. In addition, laboratory tests were conducted.
Results: Age and systolic blood pressure are associated with an increased probability of having values ​​of Tpeak-Tend/QT V5 ≥75 percentile for both sexes (OR: 1.72, CI 95%: 1.02-2.91; p= 0.043), (OR: 1.08, CI 95%: 1.01-1.16; p= 0.017) respectively. The body mass index and systolic blood pressure are linearly and significantly correlated with the Tpeak-Tend/QT V5 (r= 0.224; p= 0.012) and (r= 0.220; p= 0.014) respectively.
Conclusions: The age of the patients and the systolic blood pressure figures are factors that increase the probability of having values ​​of the Tpeak-Tend/QT V5 ≥75 percentile. There was a significant linear correlation between the Tpeak-Tend/QT V5 with the body mass index and the systolic blood pressure.
Color in visual representations of COVID-19 pandemic: content analysis of publications in the Russian-language digital mass media
Authors: Griber Yulia Alexandrovna , Suchova Elena Evgenjevna
Published: August 2020

The goal of this article consists in presenting the results on analysis of visual representations of COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian-language digital mass media from the perspective of the functions of color, its correlation with the theme, frequency of dominant shade of images and its dynamics. Publications in the digital mass media for the period from February to May 2020 related to topic of Coronavirus became the material for this research. The time framework captured the period of 100 days, since January 31, when the first case of coronavirus was confirmed in Russia. The author applied multi-stage cluster strategy; the material was sorted into clusters using the search function by the dominant color of Google. The search was conducted by 12 key colors: 9 chromatic (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, dark blue, purple, pink, and brown), and 3 achromatic (white, grey, and black). For each main color, the research database included first 100 articles. The study was carried out using the method of content analysis. Statistical analysis demonstrated that color of the image correlates with the theme of information text, given overall assessment of the situation and its development prospects. The dominant form of visual representation of COVID-19 pandemic in the Russian-language mass media is depiction of the source of coronavirus infection, which presented in the online publications in all main colors, except two achromatic – white and grey. The dynamics of color representation of coronavirus is associated with the important events for development of the situation. Coincidence and changeability of the color image of coronavirus reflects high level of social anxiety, which is supported and aggravated by publication on the uncertain nature of the virus and course of the disease caused by it. The author sees solution of the problem in reserving the grey color common to the visual image of coronavirus. In this case, the color would correspond with the scientific reality (since there is no color without the light), and the image of coronavirus, purified from the aggressive color, would become less threatening and virulent.
ЧАСТОТНО-ІМПУЛЬСНИЙ МОДУЛЯТОР З АДАПТИВНОЮ КОРЕКЦІЄЮ ТРИВАЛОСТІ ІМПУЛЬСУ
Authors: Yershov Roman , Voytenko Volodymyr
Published: August 2020

Актуальність теми дослідження. Вирішення ряду таких актуальних проблем імпульсних напівпровідникових перетворювачів енергії (ІНПП) для бортових систем, що входять до складу рухомих платформ і безпілотних літальних апаратів (БПЛА), як підвищення точності стабілізації цільового параметру (кута, швидкості, напруги, струму), а також покращення динаміки систем автоматичного керування, масо-габаритних та теплових характеристик можливо шляхом розробки нових структур ІНПП та алгоритмів керування ними. Постановка проблеми. Зміна періоду та форми резонансної кривої (РК) напруги/струму в квазірезонансних імпульсних перетворювачах (КРІП) в залежності від імпедансу навантаження призводить до неузгодженості сигналу закриття силового транзисторного ключа (СТК) з моментом переходу РК через нульове значення, а отже, – до
різкого зниження ККД системи. Аналіз останніх досліджень і публікацій. Типові реалізації частотно-імпульсних модуляторів (ЧІМ) містять у своєму складі керований напругою генератор та одновібратор, а повністю керовані рішення виконують на основі реверсивних лічильників та керуючого автомату. В якості новітніх ланок ЧІМ для задач керування ІНПП вводяться спостерігачі імпедансу навантаження та модулятори, побудовані на кільцевих зсувних регістрах та лініях затримки. Швидкодія ЧІМ підвищується за рахунок каскадування та використання табличного синтезу сигналу. Виділення недосліджених частин загальної проблеми. Існуючі рішення не корегують тривалість імпульсу керування СТК для забезпечення його комутації при нульових значеннях напруги/струму, що нівелює можливість практичного втілення КРІП з широким діапазоном навантажень. Постановка завдання. Стаття присвячена розробці структури цифрового частотно-імпульсного модулятора з адаптивною корекцією тривалості імпульсу (ЦЧІМ-АКТІ) та метода автоматичного слідкування за РК з метою
прогнозування її переходу через нуль. Викладення основного матеріалу. Запропонована схемотехнічна структура та алгоритм функціонування модулятора у складі блоків ЦЧІМ та АКТІ на основі декількох цифрових автоматів, набору лічильників та арифметико-логічних пристроїв. Пара зовнішніх гістерезисних компараторів детектує перехід резонансної кривої через порогові рівні, розміщені симетрично відносно нульового рівня. Висновки відповідно до статті. Створено новий завершений цифровий блок, який реалізований на основі програмованої логічної інтегрованої схеми (ПЛІС) з використанням мови VHDL. Введення цього блоку до складу стабілізатора напруги ланки постійного струму (ЛПС) на основі КРІП в електроприводі точного позиціювання рухомої платформи з безколекторним двигуном постійного струму (БДПС) дозволяє стабілізувати напругу ЛПС з точністю до 1%. Роздільна здатність за часом ширини імпульсу та паузи не перевищує 5нс.
REMOTE HEALTH MONITORING: FALL DETECTION
Authors: Mohanad Abdulhamid , Deng Peter
Published: August 2020

Urgency of the research. Falling is a serious health issue among the elderly population; it can result in critical injuries like hip fractures. Immobilization caused by injury or unconsciousness means that the victim cannot summon help themselves. Target setting. The target of this paper is to design and create a fall detection system. The system consists of a monitoring device that links wirelessly with a laptop. The device is able to accurately distinguish between fall and non-fall. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. Healthcare systems in the world have undergone tremendous evolution
in the last 50 years. In the early 1960s, we had computers in the form of mainframes being incorporated into healthcare systems. However, there were some problems met from their usage. These mainframes were very few, expensive, large in size
and consumed a lot of electrical power and as a result, they had to be shared by several hospitals since independent ownership wasn’t feasible an idea to be considered at all.
Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Despite all of the changes, there was still the issue of affordability of the treatments offered by the hospitals from the patients’ point of view. This had a negative impact on both the hospitals &
patients. Hospitals were not getting that large enough a number of patients for treatment while patients were opting for alternatively cheaper treatment plans.
The research objective. The scope of this paper is limited to fall detection and remote viewing of the collected data. Fall detection algorithm is developed and implemented through programming on Arduino Uno board. Remote viewing of the data
is done on a laptop after having fall detection data wirelessly transmitted to it.
The statement of basic materials. To detect fall along an axis, the acceleration magnitude is considered. With the accelerometer output data, the angle change can also be calculated using the dot product. In the event of falling, one experiences a momentary free-fall then a large spike in acceleration. For wireless data transmission, we choose the HC‐05 module which is an easy to use Blue-tooth SPP (Serial Port Protocol) module, designed for transparent wireless serial connection setup. For appropriate fall detection, we choose an accelerometer. The Bluetooth module receives fall detection data from the micro-controller and transmits the same to a laptop computer where we realize remote viewing of the data. Conclusions. The objective of this paper was to design a fall detection system that links wirelessly with a laptop computer (where we have remote viewing of the collected data). By the conclusion of this paper, we had achieved the primary goal of creating a working system able to recognize falls from non-falls, while wirelessly synched with a laptop.
Psychosocial Challenges Faced by Children in Residential Care Facilities
Authors: Mukushi A. T. , Mabvurira V. , Makhubele J. C. , Matlakala F. K.
Published: August 2020

Children in residential care facilities face a myriad of challenges that range from a lack of attachment with caregivers, peer relationships to a lack of proper adult guidance, identity, and a family with shared values. This study sought to examine the psychosocial challenges facing children in residential childcare facilities in the Mashonaland Central province, Zimbabwe. The study adopted a qualitative approach and used a case study design. A sample of 44 children from a children’s home in Bindura town, Mashonaland Central province and 3 key informants who were caregivers participated in the study. The study used purposive sampling in identifying participants for interviews and focus group discussions. Data were analysed using a thematic content analysis. The study found that the children are affected by peer pressure, discriminated against by society, and also face challenges in adapting to the institutional life. The psychosocial challenges children face affect their confidence and self-esteem. Based on the study findings, the research recommends soft skills training for children to prepare them for release after their eighteenth birthday. It also recommends continuous training of caregivers to reduce burnout and to keep them updated with trends in childcare in terms of regulations, and the provision of educational materials on issues affecting children the most like HIV and AIDS, drug and substance abuse and stress.
Urban and Rural Women’s Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Leburu-Masigo Goitseone Emelda
Published: August 2020

The prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV) continues to rise at a disquieting rate, affecting mostly women and girls globally. Intimate partner violence has gained popularity and is an important area for social work research, policy, education and practice. South Africa is one of the countries with the highest rates of intimate partner violence globally, despite the legal entities and programmes set to deal with the problem. The article sought to explore and describe the lived experiences of urban and rural women of IPV. The study was conducted in the Ngaka Modiri Molema District, North West, South Africa. Qualitative research was used, employing in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with semi-structured questions to collect data from 30 participants. A thematic content analysis was used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that culture exerts a significant influence in reinforcing unequal power relations and controlling behaviour between women participants and their male partners, all culminating in IPV. Many women suffer in silence as they strive to protect their families. The findings will help social workers to develop interventions and programmes that challenge the structures, attitude and behavioural practices that condone inequality and IPV.
Facilitation of Residential Diversion Programmes for Youth Sex Offenders in South Africa
Authors: Gxubane Thulane Eric
Published: August 2020

This article explores practical issues social workers need to consider in the facilitation of residential diversion programmes for youth sex offenders in South Africa. It draws on a broader study which explored the use of residential diversion programmes in the management of youth sex offenders in South Africa. The research design combined qualitative and quantitative approaches to data collection, analysis and presentation of data. A purposive sampling method was adopted, and in-depth individual face-to-face interviews were conducted with ex-youth sex offenders, their significant others, and professionals involved in the management of youth sex offenders and/or their victims in a variety of settings. The study found that some respondents preferred individual counselling, some preferred group counselling, while others preferred a combination of both. It can be inferred that both methods are important and that each can play an important role in the rehabilitation of youth offenders. The youth respondents also felt that a good sense of humour and incorporation of physical activities in group sessions would be the most effective facilitation style. Most respondents preferred that the residential diversion programmes for youth sex offenders be facilitated by social workers rather than volunteers or paraprofessionals. The professionals who participated in the study unanimously agreed that a generic social work degree does not fully prepare social workers for working with sex offenders. Based on the key findings of the study, several recommendations are proposed for the effective facilitation of residential diversion programmes for youth sex offenders.
A Developmental Social Work Perspective on Problematic Internet Use among University Students
Authors: Geyer Stephan , Hall Herna , Le Roux Liana
Published: August 2020

Problematic internet use (PIU) is a growing phenomenon worldwide. Students in higher education especially are a vulnerable group for developing symptoms associated with PIU as a result of the idiosyncratic characteristics of student life. Owing to a lacuna in local social work research on the nature, extent and impact of internet use among students in South Africa, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with 498 (n = 498) second-year undergraduate students at a South African university. The results indicate that students access the internet on university campuses and at home daily through their cell phones and laptops for academic and social purposes. Although the average number of hours spent on the internet per day does not indicate PIU, the findings flag certain symptoms associated with PIU, for example, tolerance, escape from problems, and loss of control. Social workers should not be complacent, but rather introduce services to lower students’ risk of PIU. Considering the country’s adoption of social development as welfare model, developmental social work services on the preventive, early intervention and treatment levels as well as policy development are recommended.
Gender, Poverty Reduction and Social Work: A View from Burundi
Authors: Muchiri Susan Wanjiku , Nzisabira Serges Claver
Published: August 2020

Gender affects the kind of opportunities and constraints faced in life; human beings are constantly divided into hierarchies. In looking at poverty reduction in Burundi, we can see the critical role that gender plays. In Burundi, among the poor are many women as a result of being primary caretakers. The focus of this paper is to examine the interconnection between gender and poverty reduction as well as the role of social work, if there is to be any reduction in poverty. Social workers need to work with women who are at the forefront of poverty through encouragement of more opportunities for women in education, business and in areas of decision-making. In many areas women are regarded as unable to participate with men in decision-making as they are considered not to be on the same level with men, intellectually, socially, economically or politically. When a woman is educated, she is better able to provide for her children. This means that the future generations are also protected against poverty. Social workers have the role of educating women and men in Burundi about the importance of women in poverty reduction. This paper presents a brief review of literature on gender disparities and poverty as well as the role of social work in poverty reduction in Burundi.
Experiences of Formal Foster Parents in Ghana: Motivations and Challenges
Authors: Frimpong-Manso Kwabena , Tagoe Ishmael , Mawutor Stella
Published: August 2020

In Ghana, the reform of the child welfare system is shifting the care of orphans and vulnerable children from residential care to foster care. However, the system has faced difficulties in recruiting foster parents. Therefore, this qualitative research explored the motivations and challenges of foster parents in Accra, Ghana. A total of 15 foster parents took part in semi-structured interviews that were analysed using an inductive thematic approach. The study found that the participants undertook the role of fostering because of their love for children, religious and social obligations, and satisfaction of personal goals. Challenges experienced by the foster parents included stigma, financial challenges, and emotional issues as a result of fostering children. The recommendations of the study which aim to help in dealing with the challenges that confront foster parents include the provision of financial resources, sensitisation campaigns to reduce the stigma, and the creation of foster parent associations to help with the emotional issues.
Experiences and Challenges of Peer Educators as Part of a Health and Wellness Strategy in the Workplace in Gauteng, South Africa
Authors: Mohapi Boitumelo Joyce
Published: August 2020

Peer education is a behaviour change strategy employed to mitigate the impact of HIV and AIDS. It is widely used as a behaviour change strategy, both globally and in the southern African region. The researcher explored the experiences and challenges of peer educators in four companies in Gauteng, South Africa, and utilised a qualitative research approach with an exploratory and descriptive design. Convenience sampling, as a type of non-probability sampling, was used to identify four companies that had peer educators and were part of the Swedish Workplace HIV and AIDS Programme in Gauteng, South Africa. Four focus group discussions were used as a method of data collection and the data that were collected were analysed according to the themes that emerged. The study revealed that the experiences of peer educators in the workplace were mainly positive and offered them some opportunities, but also presented them with some challenges in the execution of their tasks. There was also a need to ensure that peer education becomes sustainable.
Family Type Predicts Mental Health Problems in Young Adults: A Survey of Students at a University in Botswana
Authors: Ramotuana Boniface Kealeboga , Amone-P'Olak Kennedy
Published: August 2020

In Africa, the structure of the family is changing rapidly. The effects of this change on mental health remain unknown. This study investigated the extent to which different family types (intact, single-mother, and multiple) predict mental health problems in young adults in Botswana (N = 264, mean age = 21.31, SD = 2.40). In a cross-sectional design, the study sampled students registered at various faculties at the University of Botswana. The revised symptoms checklist (SCL-90-R) was used to assess symptoms of mental health problems (depression, anxiety and hostility). Binary logistic regression analyses were performed to obtain odds ratios (ORs) and 95 per cent confidence intervals (CIs) of mental health problems for mother-only and multiple family types relative to the intact family type. Compared to the intact family type, single-mother (OR = 2.34; 95% CI: 1.21, 4.51) and multiple family types (OR = 1.56; CI: 0.88, 2.78) were associated with an increased risk of depression. For anxiety, the ORs were 2.27 (CI: 1.18, 4.38) and 1.10 (CI: 0.56, 1.82) for single-mother and multiple family types respectively. For hostility, the ORs were 2.60 (CI: 1.34, 5.04), and 0.79 (CI: 0.44, 1.42) for single-mother and multiple family types, respectively. Family types predict mental health problems in young adults and therefore the interventions to mitigate the effects should consider family backgrounds and the ramifications of family types for treatment and care.
“I do not Have Anything Else, Bra”: The Hardships of Day Labourers in East London, South Africa, and the Implications for Developmental Social Welfare/Work
Authors: Xweso Mzukisi , Blaauw Derick , Schenck Catherina
Published: August 2020

The social work profession has seen significant changes in approach, with more focus on developmental social welfare in response to structural injustices, poverty, inequality, well-being and development. Day labouring is a global phenomenon and typical of the South African informal sector. This study analyses the hardships of day labourers in East London to reflect on developmental social welfare and its relevance for informal workers in South Africa. A sequential explanatory research design and a mixed-methods approach were adopted. In phase 1 (quantitative), 131 participants were interviewed. In the second phase qualitative interviews were conducted with 18 participants at six different hiring sites. The findings reveal that day labourers work under conditions in which even their basic human rights cannot be guaranteed. Failure to take decisive steps to ensure that their rights are upheld amounts to turning a blind eye to the gross exploitation of one segment of society by another. An inclusive, appreciative and participatory approach is needed to facilitate strategies to integrate informal workers such as day labourers into initiatives that are designed to grant social justice to groups who continue to be marginalised and to live in abject poverty more than two decades after the official demise of apartheid.
Current state and longevity forecast of oak trees in the Gornensky State Nature Reserve
Authors: Кружилин С.Н. , Баранова Т.Ю. , Багдасарян А.А.
Published: August 2020

Государственный природный заказник "Горненский", расположенный в центральной части Ростовской области, являясь особо охраняемой природной территорией областного значения, имеет уникальные объекты, представленные искусственно созданными лесными насаждениями дуба черешчатого (Quercus robur L.).
В современном лесном хозяйстве черноземной зоны дуб черешчатый продолжает занимать лидирующие позиции по хозяйственному значению. Большое внимание при выращивании леса уделяется продуктивности. Насаждения, устойчивые насаждение к болезням, вредителям и неблагоприятным природным явлениям, всегда являются продуктивными и имеют большой показатель запаса древесины на единицу площади.
Усыхание дубрав в последние годы становится актуальной проблемой. Основными факторами этих процессов являются повреждения вредителями и инфекционными заболеваниями. Повышению устойчивости деревьев дуба черешчатого в насаждениях способствуют своевременные рубки ухода.
Авторы провели анализ посадок дуба черешчатого, сформированных с участием основной сопутствующей породы – клена остролистного.
Исследовано 2 варианта лесных культур дуба в условиях сухой дубравы (Д1), определены лесоводственно-таксационные показатели в разные возрастные периоды. Отмечается, что при отсутствии в них плановых рубок ухода в периоды с 25 до 40 и с 35 до 50 лет происходит падение бонитета с 1 до 2 класса. Наряду с этим отмечается суховершинность деревьев, что приводит к задернению поверхности почвы и, соответственно изменению условий произрастания.

The Gornensky State NatureReserve,situated in the central part of the Rostov Region, isa protected natural area of regional significance. The reserve contains unique objects, represented by artificially created forest stands of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.). In the modern forestry of the Chernozem zone,pedunculate oak continues to take a leading position in terms of its economic value. Much attention is paid to productivity when growing forests. Plantings that are resistant to diseases, pests, and adverse natural phenomena are always productive and have a large stock of wood per unit area.
The diebackof oak forests has become an urgent problem in recent years. The main factors of these processes are damage by pests and infectious diseases. Timely improvement felling of oak trees helps to increase the stability of the stands.
The authors analyzed plantings of petiolate oak formed with the participation of the main accompanying species– Norwaymaple. Twovariants of forest oak plantationsin the conditions of a dry oak forest (D1) were studied, and forestry and taxation indicators were determined for different age periods. It is noted that in the absence of planned improvement felling in the periods from 25 to 40 and from 35 to 50 years, there is a drop in the yield class from 1 to 2. Along with this, the diebackof trees is noted, which results inthe grassing-downof the soil surface and, accordingly, changes in the growing conditions.
NIR-active Nanoterminator with Mature Dendritic Cell Acitivities for Immuno-Priming Mild Photothermal Cancer Therapy
Authors: sun zhihong , Deng Guanjun , Peng Xinghua , Xu Xiuli , Liu Lanlan , Xu Zhen , Ma Yifan , Zhang Pengfei , Gong Ping , Cai Lintao
Published: August 2020

Recently, photothermal-immuno synergistic therapy under mild temperature (~ 45 °C) has got broad interest in cancer treatment. Inhibition the intratumorally HSPs production is the key to accomplish highly efficient and mild photothermal therapy. In this work, we developed biomimetic nanoterminators with mature DCs functions by coating the mature dendritic cell membrane on photothermal nanoagents. As-prepared nanoterminators could automatically locate on T cell in the complex tumor-immune microenvironment and promote the T cells proliferation, activation and cytokine secretion, which could not only inhibit the expression of heat shock proteins to cooperate on highly efficient mild photothermal therapy (~42°C), but also promote tumor apoptosis during the treatment. More importantly, this nanoterminator could serve as vaccine to trigger anti-tumor immune response of the whole body, which would be promising to long-life tumor inhibition and termination.
Congener-Specific Partition Properties of Chlorinated Paraffins Evaluated with COSMOtherm and Gas Chromatographic Retention Indices
Authors: Hammer Jort , Matsukami Hidenori , Endo Satoshi
Published: August 2020

Chlorinated Paraffins (CPs) are high volume production chemicals and have been found in various organisms including humans and in environmental samples from remote regions. It is thus of great importance to understand the physical-chemical properties of CPs. In this study, gas chromatographic (GC) retention indexes (RIs) of 26 CP congeners were measured on various polar and nonpolar columns to investigate the relationships between the molecular structure and the partition properties. Retention measurements show that analytical standards of individual CPs often contain several stereoisomers. RI values show that chlorination pattern have a large influence on the polarity of CPs. Single Cl substitutions (-CHCl-, -CH2Cl) generally increase polarity of CPs. However, many consecutive -CHCl- units (e.g., 1,2,3,4,5,6-C11Cl6) increase polarity less than expected from the total number of -CHCl- units. Polyparameter linear free energy relationship descriptors show that polarity difference between CP congeners can be explained by the H-bond donating properties of CPs. RI values of CP congeners were predicted using the quantum chemically based prediction tool COSMOthermX. Predicted RI values correlate well with the experimental data (R2, 0.975–0.995), indicating that COSMOthermX can be used to accurately predict the retention of CP congeners on GC columns.
Discovery of Natural Phenol Catechin as a Multitargeted Agent Against SARS-CoV-2 For the Plausible Therapy of COVID-19
Authors: Mishra Chandra Bhushan , Pandey Preeti , Sharma Ravi Datta , Mongre Raj Kumar , Lynn Andrew M , Prasad Rajendra , Jeon Raok , Prakash Amresh
Published: August 2020

The global pandemic crisis, COVID-19 caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has claimed the lives of millions of people across the world. Development and testing of anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs or vaccines, are not turned to be realistic in the timeframe needed to combat this pandemic. Thus, rigorous efforts are still ongoing for the drug repurposing as a clinical treatment strategy to control COVID-19. Here we report a comprehensive computational approach to identify the multi-targeted drug molecules against the SARS-CoV-2 proteins, which are crucially involved in the viral-host interaction, replication of the virus inside the host, disease progression and transmission of coronavirus infection. Virtual screening of 72 FDA approved potential antiviral drugs against the target proteins: Spike (S) glycoprotein, human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2), 3-chymotrypsin-like cysteine protease (3CLpro), Cathepsin L, Nucleocapsid protein, RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) and nonstructural protein 6 (NSP6) resulted in the selection of seven drugs which preferentially binds to the target proteins. Further, the molecular interactions determined by MD simulation, free energy landscape and the binding free energy estimation, using MM-PBSA revealed that among 72 drug molecules, catechin (flavan-3-ol) can effectively bind to 3CLpro, Cathepsin L, RBD of S protein, NSP-6, and Nucleocapsid protein. It is more conveniently involved in key molecular interactions, showing binding free energy (ΔGbind) in the range of -5.09 kcal/mol (Cathepsin L) to -26.09 kcal/mol (NSP6). At the binding pocket, catechin is majorly stabilized by the hydrophobic interactions, displays ΔEvdW values -7.59 to -37.39 kcal/mol. Thus, the structural insights of better binding affinity and favourable molecular interaction of catechin towards multiple target proteins, signifies that catechin can be potentially explored as a multitargeted agent in the rational design of effective therapies against COVID-19.
In Silico Study on Spice-Derived Antiviral Phytochemicals Against SARS-CoV-2 TMPRSS2 Target
Authors: Yadav Pradeep Kumar , Jaiswal Amit , Singh Rajiv Kumar
Published: August 2020

We predicted the structure of TMPRSS2 (transmembrane protease serine 2), a host protein that truncates spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. Then we docked 18 anti-viral compounds found in Indian spices against the catalytic domain of TMPRSS2. We then performed rigorous molecular simulation dynamics simulation to screen the best natural phytochemical which could act as a potential inhibitor of TMPRSS2 activation.
Towards Automated Monomer Synthesis: A Streamlined Approach for the Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates
Authors: Tan Eddy Wei Ping , Hedrick James L. , Arrechea Pedro Luis , Erdmann Tim , Kiyek Vivien , Lottier Simon , Yang Yi Yan , Park Nathaniel
Published: August 2020

Accessing cyclic carbonate monomers on large scales is critical for development of any new carbonate-based material platform. This is particularly important in the context of using automated experimental systems for materials synthesis, which can often require large inputs of starting materials. However, the synthesis of carbonate monomers can be a challenging and tedious endeavor, requiring multiple synthetic steps and purifications. To address this, we report a drastically improved and scalable process for the synthesis of carbonate monomers via a two-step route that avoids the use of hazardous phosgene or chloroformate reagents. The cyclic carbonate monomers can be obtained in high yields and with minimal need for chromatographic purification. This process enables rapid access to a broad array of functional groups on the carbonate monomer and monomers generated from procedure can readily be polymerized via ring-opening polymerization.
Aqueous CO2 Reduction by a Re(bipyridine)-Polypyrrole Film Deposited on Colloid-Imprinted Carbon.
Authors: Willkomm Janina , Bouzidi Sara , Bertin Erwan , Birss Viola I. , Piers Warren
Published: August 2020

A rhenium-based CO2 reduction catalyst is impregnated in a polymer film deposited on colloidal imprinted carbon. The film's thickness is variable. The catalyst selectively reduces CO2 to CO with good activity and remains stable for up to 24 hours.
Pengaruh Jumlah dan Diameter Helix terhadap Daya Dukung Fondasi Helical Pile (Hal. 56-67)
Authors: Fitriana Sena Bayu Adji , Hamdhan Indra Noer
Published: August 2020

ABSTRAKFondasi helical pile adalah fondasi tiang baja yang memiliki helix untuk menambah daya dukung yang dihasilkan. Ada beberapa hal yang dapat dilakukan untuk menentukan kapasitas daya dukung fondasi helical pile seperti, membandingkan metode analitis yang terdiri dari metode cylindrical shear dan metode individual bearing dengan metode elemen hingga. Banyak variasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan daya dukung fondasi helical pile, variasi yang dilakukan untuk mengetahui kapasitas daya dukung fondasi ini seperti menambah jumlah helix dan memvariasikan diameter helix pada helical pile. Hasil perhitungan kapasitas daya dukung akibat bertambahnya jumlah helix menunjukan penambahan sebesar 9,38% pada tanah lempung dan 5,58% pada tanah pasir dan adanya penambahan ukuran diameter tengah sebesar 50% menambah daya dukung sebesar 19,66% pada tanah lempung dan 10,83% pada tanah pasir.Kata kunci:  helical pile, cylindrical shear, individual bearing, elemen hingga ABSTRACTHelical pile foundation is a steel pile that has a helix to increase the bearing capacity. There are several things that can be done to determine the bearing capacity of helical pile such as, comparing analytical methods (cylindrical shear and individual bearing) with finite element method. Many variations can be done to increase the bearing capacity of the helical pile foundation, variations were made to determine the bearing capacity such as increasing the number of helix and increasing the diameter helix on the helical pile. The result of the bearing capacity due to increasing the number of helix shows the addition of 9.38% in the clay soil and 5.58% in the sand soil. By adding 20 cm diameter size of helix, it also increases the bearing capacity 19.66% in clay soil and 10.83% in sand soil.Keywords: helical pile, cylindrical shear, individual bearing, finite element