bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Selection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous Ultisols through the Production of Glomalin
Authors: Eddiwal . , Saidi Amrizal , Lenin Ismon , Husin Eti Farda , Rasyidin Azwar
Published: August 2018

The arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( AMF ) with plants able to increase the capacity of plants to absorb nutrients and water from the soil. Recently, research was indicated that AMF hyphae containing glomalin as a glycoprotein that serves to unify the dispersed soil particles. The content of glomalin in soil is positively correlated with soil aggregate stability. The research potential of AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya District of West Sumatra and glomalin production in experimental pots of sterile sand medium has been carried out. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of AMF species on Ultisol and to seeking indigenous AMF isolates that had the best glomalin production capability. AMF spores were isolated and identified from the rhizosphere soil of corn in Ultisol. AMF species that had been identified experimentally were tested in culture medium pot of sand and zeolite (w / w 1:1) using corn crops. The results found nine of the AMF species indigenous of Ultisol Darmasraya, namely Acaulospora scrobiculata, Glomus etunicatum, Glomus luteum, Glomus mosseae, Glomus verruculosum, Glomus versiforme, Scutellospora gregaria, Scutellospora heterogama and Gigaspora sp. AMF species that showed better colonization ability in corn was G. luteum, G. verruculosum and G. versiforme. All three species produced glomalin significantly higher than the other species, i.e. 1.29 mg g-1; 1.17 mg g-1; 1.15 mg g-1, respectively. [How to Cite: Eddiwal, A Saidi, I Lenin, EF Husin and A Rasyidin. 2014. Potential Selection of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Indigenous Ultisols through the Production of Glomalin. J Trop Soils 19: 181-189. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.181]
The “Asian Bias” Illusion in Musical Performance: Influence of Visual Information
Authors: Peynircioğlu Zehra F. , Bi Wenyan , Brent William
Published: August 2018

We present empirical evidence that the common lore regarding less expressivity by Asian compared with Caucasian musicians is in fact a real bias. We also show that it is probably an illusion based on the degree of movement engaged in while performing. With only audio presentations (Experiment 1), there was no bias even though the knowledge of race or culture of performers was emphasized. With video presentations (Experiment 2), however, a clear bias emerged in favor of Caucasian musicians’ expressivity in the very same performances as in Experiment 1. Asian musicians were confirmed to engage in less movement during these performances (Experiment 3). Finally, perceived degree of movement was specifically varied in Experiment 4. When it was equalized in terms of ratings, the bias disappeared. Furthermore, when only high-movement performances were considered, Asian musicians were judged to be more expressive. The results are considered within the framework of racial and cultural expectations and the power of visual information in general.
Development of Chess Skill from Domain Entry to Near Asymptote
Authors: Howard Robert W.
Published: August 2018

The aim of the present study was to see how well the power law of practice, studied mainly with simple skills acquired over short periods with task time as the performance measure, generalizes to chess skill. Chess playing is a complex cognitive skill acquired over years, and expertise can be measured by a performance rating based on game results and relative strengths of opponents. Participants were 75 highly skilled players who entered the domain very young and improved skill greatly. With number of games as the practice measure, the traditional 2-parameter power law fit the mean curve and most individual curves quite well. However, a new formulation of the power law found by artificial intelligence program Eureqa often worked even better. Power models with an asymptote parameter did not work well with chess skill unless that parameter was set to a constant. Another study aim was to see how well various models predict future performance from varying practice levels. For three models, the less practice the greater was the underprediction of future performance, but the new power law formulation predicted well from early in practice. Another study aim was to test model fits with time as the practice measure. With time, power models fit well, but an exponential model and a quadratic model fitted most individual curves better. The power law as traditionally formulated does generalize well to chess skill development but is not always the best model, and no single model always fit best for all participants.
Measuring Deception: A Look at Antecedents to Deceptive Intent
Authors: Boyle Randall J. , Clements Jeffrey A. , Proudfoot Jeffrey Gainer
Published: August 2018

A Deceptive Belief Inventory scale is developed and validated using 10 first-order factors to represent 3 second-order constructs (deception confidence, duping delight, and guiltless deception). A new theoretical model describing how deception confidence, duping delight, and guiltless deception may influence a person’s intent to deceive others is also tested. Traditional deceptive communication research has focused on situation-specific factors surrounding deception. This study focuses on understanding and assessing a person’s propensity to deceive others. The findings of this study can be used to better understand the factors that may influence a person’s reported propensity to deceive and ultimately be used to improve security procedures designed to protect critical information systems.
The Historical Significance of the Discovery of Long-Term Potentiation: An Overview and Evaluation for Nonexperts
Authors: Patihis Lawrence
Published: August 2018

This article evaluates, in nontechnical language for those not familiar with neuroscience jargon, the historical significance of Bliss and Lømo’s (1973) landmark discovery of long term potentiation (LTP) by establishing precedent context, describing the finding, and then looking at the subsequent decades of LTP research. To set the LTP discovery in context, the article briefly reviews the precedent theories of synaptic information storage and the empirical precedents of frequency potentiation, synaptic facilitation, and the identification of the hippocampal area as being memory related. I then discuss and explain Bliss and Lømo’s initial work whereby they found synaptic strengthening that lasted for hours. To better evaluate the importance of their discovery, the article discusses the confirmatory evidence of the decades of LTP research that followed. In this way the article evaluates the replicability, generalizability, and mechanisms behind the phenomena. Perhaps most importantly, I discuss the evidence for LTP being an important mechanism that explains some aspects of learning and memory. The article concludes that at this time Bliss and Lømo’s discovery looks to be a profound discovery in the history of science.

Supplementary color figures are available at https://www.press.uillinois.edu/journals/ajp/media/patihis/long_term_potentiation
Levantamento da diversidade de aves em áreas urbanas na cidade de Maringá – PR
Authors: Crepaldi Marcelo Tenório , Pedroso Mateus Fachin , Ferreira Maria Eugênia Moreira Costa
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo possui um enfoque biogeográfico de reconhecimento, e análise da avifauna urbana, nativa e exótica de áreas distintas dentro da cidade de Maringá – PR. São de objetivo de este estudo verificar-se o levantamento da diversidade de espécies avícolas encontradas no meio urbano estudado, a identificação das aves, bem como seus distintos hábitats e nichos ecológicos. Por fim se estabelecerá uma possível relação das aves com as áreas estudadas, até a adaptação das mesmas a diferentes realidades e paisagens, para poder então delimitar as relações biogeográficas das diversas espécies com o meio.
As concepções de Currículo e suas implicações no discurso geográfico
Authors: Almeida Alberto Alexandre Lima de , Vieira Maria da Conceição Lima
Published: August 2018

O currículo se configura como um dos mais importantes campos de estudo no âmbito educacional. Para além de uma mera seleção de conteúdos, ele se constitui num elemento que impacta o próprio funcionamento da escola, tendo em vista o seu caráter político e pedagógico. Desta forma, este artigo se propõe a discutir, por meio de um estudo bibliográfico, a interface currículo/ensino de Geografia, a partir da análise das diferentes concepções que embasam a teoria do currículo, conforme Costa (1999), Goodson (2008) e Silva (2010), bem como suas implicações na sala de aula de Geografia. Para tanto, revisitamos as principais correntes de pensamento da Geografia, mediante as contribuições de Martins (2011), Oliveira (1994) e Tonini (2006), relacionando-as com o fazer pedagógico dos professores dessa disciplina, e também com a proposta curricular contida nos Parâmetros Curriculares Nacionais.
Assessment of Nutrient Balance in Sugarcane Using DRIS and CND Methods
Authors: Calheiros Leila C. S. , Freire Fernando J. , Filho Gilson M. , Oliveira Emídio C. A. , Moura Adriano B. , Costa José V. T. , Cruz Flávio J. R. , Santos Águila S. , Rezende Jefrejan S.
Published: August 2018

Many methods of nutritional diagnosis present discordant reports. It is necessary to study how these diagnoses relate to agricultural productivity and nutrient balance for a more efficient nutritional monitoring of the crops. This study had two objectives: (1) evaluate and compare Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) and Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis (CND) methods for nutritional diagnosis of sugarcane cultivated in the Northeast of Brazil; (2) establish standards, identify and hierarchize nutritional limitations. The database consisted of 183 samples, in which 31 were in areas with high productivity (³ 80 Mg ha-1) and 152 of areas with low productivity (< 80 Mg ha-1). Sugarcane leaves were collected and contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn and B were determined. The DRIS indexes were calculated by methods DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones, DRIS-Elwali and Gascho, M-DRIS Beaufils, M-DRIS Jones, and the indexes CND too were calculated. The DRIS-Beaufils, DRIS-Jones, M-DRIS Beaufils and M-DRIS Jones methods tended to agree on the nutritional diagnosis of sugarcane. The nutritional diagnosis of the CND method interpreted by the Potencial Fertilization Response (PFR) was different from the DRIS methods for N and Mn nutrients. The M-DRIS Beaufils and M-DRIS Jones methods showed a higher correlation with nutrient contents. However, there was no significant correlation between agricultural productivity and nutrient balance index mean (NBIm), suggesting that other factors influenced sugarcane production more than nutritional factors. The nutritional diagnosis methods identified excessive fertilization with N and limitations of Ca, Mg, K, S, Mn, Cu, Zn and B in sugarcane in the Northeast of Brazil.
Postharvest of ‘Tommy Atkins’ Mango Submitted to Coating of Chlorella sp.
Authors: Oliveira Agda M. F. de , Rocha Railene H. C. , Guedes Welligthon A. , Dias George A. , Lima José F. de , Oliveira Luana M. , Alves Kaliny de A. , Teodosio Albert E. M. de M. , Morais Fabricio A. de
Published: August 2018

The use of natural products as coatings to preserve the fruit quality during storage is an important step to maintain food safety for consumer health. The use of microalgae in coatings, therefore, may be promising in the preservation of mango. The present work had the objective to evaluate the effect of coatings based on Chlorella sp. on the postharvest preservation of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango during storage at room temperature (23 °C). We carried out a completely randomized design experiment consisting of 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% of Chlorella sp., using 10 fruits per treatment (n = 10). Analyzing the L*, a* and, b* indices, in the peel and the pulp of the mango fruit, we observed a delay in the ripening with the increase of the biofilm concentration. The firmness of the pulp and maintenance of the organic acids of the fruits were higher in the treatments with a large amount of Chlorella sp. The use of biofilm with Chlorella sp. at 2% preserved the quality of ‘Tommy Atkins’ mango until ten days of storage, at 23 °C and 42% RH.
Amostral Optimization of Mechanical Resistance to the Penetration of a Yellow Oxisol Under Pasture
Authors: Dias Fabiane Pereira Machado , Paes Ésio de Castro , Nunes Flávia de Jesus , Nonato Ana Carolina Rabelo , da Silva Neilon Duarte , Oliveira Fabiano de Oliveira de Paula , Fereira Ludmila Gomes , Nóbrega Júlio César Azevedo
Published: August 2018

The degradation of pastures can be characterized by several factors, mainly due to the management adopted, so in view of the country’s territorial extension and the peculiarity of each region and soil type, it is essential to develop research to improve the monitoring of the system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different sample densities to establish a mesh that gives precision in maps of spatial variability of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration to pasture areas in the coastal tableland region of Northeast Brazil. In a pasture area, three sampling meshes were demarcated for georeferenced evaluation of soil mechanical resistance to root penetration: mesh 1 established in the dimensions of 50 × 50 m, mesh 2 of 100 × 100 m and mesh 3 of 150 × 150 m, totaling an area of 9 ha. The soil resistance to penetration was measured using an automated apparatus, coupled to a tractor. The variation found in the values of penetration resistance in subsurface can be related to the management adopted in the area, as well as the trampling of the animals. Data on soil penetration resistance in pasture showed that the most compacted zone was always below 30 cm depth by using different sample densities. The results allow us to conclude that the higher the density of the sampling mesh, the greater the accuracy of the data and that, independently of the sample mesh, it was possible to identify the layer of higher soil mechanical resistance to root penetration.
The Initial Growth of Passion Fruit Plant Irrigated With Saline Water and the Application of Biostimulants
Authors: Sá Jolinda M. de , Leitão Erllan T. C. , Gomes Camile D. L. , Rodrigues Marília H. B. S. , Sousa Valéria F. de O. , Santos Gisele L. dos , Melo Raul A. P. de , Mendonça Júnior Antônio F. de , Lacerda Jhonatan S. P. de , Santos Adriana da S.
Published: August 2018

The salinity is one of the stresses that more limits the income of the agricultural cultures, mainly in areas semiarid as the Northeast, though, it is known that the biostimulants are substances capable to alter the metabolism of the plant and to favor development under adverse conditions of stresses. In this context, it was aimed at with this work to evaluate the initial growth of the passion fruit plant irrigated with saline water and the application of biostimulants. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus Pombal, in factorial outline 5 × 3, corresponding to five salinity levels (S1 = 0.3; S2 = 2.3; S3 = 3.3; S4 = 4.3 and S5 = 5.3 dS m-1) and two biostimulants (B1 = Acadian and B2 = Crop Set) and treatment testifies (without an application of biostimulant). The dose used for each product was 4 ml L-1 of Acadian and 3 ml L-1 of Crop Set. It was used seeds of the passion fruit of the variety BRS-giant, sowed in containers of black polypropylene of 400 ml, containing sand and substrate Carolina Soil, in the proportion 1:1. For the 32 days after the sowing was determined the height, the root length, the fresh and dry mass (aerial, root and total) of plants, the biomass production and the index of tolerance the salinity. The data were submitted to the variance analysis of the test F at the level of 5% of probability, and when significant, the averages were submitted to the test Tukey for both factors, saline levels and biostimulants. The use of vegetable biostimulants increases the initial growth of the yellow passion fruit plant. The salinity in the irrigation water attacks the growth, however, I use of the biostimulant Crop Set lessens the harmful effect in passion fruit seedlings.
Differential Expression of Genes Associated With Degradation Enhancement of Imazethapyr in Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli)
Authors: Dalazen Giliardi , Markus Catarine , Merotto Jr Aldo
Published: August 2018

The understanding of mechanism of herbicide resistance in weeds is essential for adequate or innovative weed management practices. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the expression of genes related to degradation enhancement of imazethapyr in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L. Beauv.). One susceptible (SUSSP01) and two populations previouslly identified as resistant to imazethapyr (ARRGR01 and PALMS01) were used. Gene expression of CYP and GST, the translation initiating factor eIF4B, and ALS genes were evaluated after imazethapyr spraying. A reference gene stability analysis was carried out, wherein the genes 18S and actin showed to be more stable in response to the population and herbicide treatment. The gene expression analysis was performed by qRT-PCR. There was no difference in the relative expression of the ALS gene. The CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes showed higher relative expression in the resistant populations. The CYP81A6 gene had expression 9.61 and 8.44 higher in the resistant populations ARRGR01 and PALMS01, respectively, in comparison with the untreated susceptible population. The expression of this gene was induced by spraying the herbicide imazethapyr. The GSTF1 gene showed higher relative expression in PALMS01 population, reaching 12.30 times higher in plants treated with imazethapyr in relation to untreated susceptible population. The expression of eIF4B gene in the resistant populations treated with imazethapyr was about six times higher than observed in susceptible population. The high relative expression of CYP81A6 and GSTF1 genes indicate the importance of degradation enhancement for the resistance of barnyargrass to imazethapyr.
Morphophysiology of ‘Faga 11’ Cashew Rootstock Under Saline Water Irrigation and Exogenous Proline Application
Authors: Souza Leandro de P. , Nobre Reginaldo G. , Gheyi Hans R. , Bonifácio Benedito F. , de Lima Geovani S. , de Fatima Reynaldo T. , Souza Cristiane M. A. de , Oliveira Sabrina G. de
Published: August 2018

Due to the reduced availability of good-quality water in the semi-arid region of Northeast Brazil, the utilization of saline waters in irrigation became an alternative for the expansion of agriculture in this region. Thus, it is necessary to develop techniques which can make viable the use of these waters in agriculture. Given the above, this study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiology of ‘FAGA 11’ cashew rootstock subjected to different levels of irrigation water salinity and exogenous proline application through the leaves. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse of the Federal University of Campina Grande, at the Center of Sciences and Agri-Food Technology, Campus of Pombal, PB, Brazil, in a randomized block design, in 5 × 4 factorial scheme, with three replicates and two plants per plot. Treatments consisted of different levels of irrigation water electrical conductivity—ECw (0.3; 1.0; 1.7; 2.4 and 3.1 dS m-1) combined with proline concentrations applied through the leaves—PC (0; 4; 8 and 12 mM). Irrigations with water up to ECw of 1.37 dS m-1 may be used as it causes an acceptable 10% reduction in the variables of morphology of cashew FAGA 11 seedlings. The proline concentrations tested, with the exception of the Dickson’s quality index of seedlings, did not attenuate the deleterious effects of irrigation water salinity on the cashew FAGA 11 rootstock seedlings.
Techniques for Quality Control in Football Field Located in Agricultural Area
Authors: Siqueira Marta Mitiko Kubota de , Vilas Boas Marcio Antonio , Siqueira Jair Antonio Cruz , Tokura Luciene Kazue
Published: August 2018

A set of eight sprinklers was evaluated in a soccer field located in the city of Cascavel, Paraná, Brazil, using quality control techniques. The graph X (Shewhart’s individual control card), the EWMA graph (exponentially weighted moving average) and the CUSUM tabular graph (cumulative sum) were used. The system was composed of two parallel lateral lines distanced of 18 meters, containing five sprinklers in each line every 18 meters. The first four sprinklers (area A) and the last four (area B) were evaluated with 25 trials of 10 minutes of irrigation for each area, with the monitoring of climatic effects. For the evaluation of the system, the distribution uniformity coefficient (DU) was used, obtaining in the area A and B the values of 68.72 and 70.0%. This low value can be justified by the high wind velocity during the tests, that varied from 0.57 to 8.5 m s-1. By Shewhart’s control chart, the irrigations of both areas were under control. From the CUSUM chart, only area B was under control. From the EWMA chart, both areas were out of control, being considered the most suitable for evaluation of the system because it detected the small variations in the process.
Characterization of Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) Accessions in Northern Ghana by Agro-morphological Traits
Authors: Ankrah Nii Ayi , Tetteh Antonia Y. , Coffie Nancy , Niagiah Achana
Published: August 2018

Roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L. var. altissima Wester) is a bast fiber crop of global economic importance. Although West Africa is considered the centre of diversity, roselle research and utilization is widely ignored. The awakening of industrialization in Ghana presents roselle as a candidate crop for exploration, however, information on genotypes of economic importance is lacking. Our objective was to map roselle population hotspots in northern Ghana and examine genetic variability therein. Thirty-six roselle accessions collected from five regions in Ghana were planted in field trials using a 6 × 6 lattice square design in three replications and evaluated for seven qualitative and four quantitative morphological traits covering plant type, leaf and stem characteristics, and growth habit. Data were analysed by Shannon-Weiner Diversity Index (SDI) and analysis of variance. A large variability was identified between the accessions. The mean SDI values in the 18 districts ranged from 0.53 to 0.73 with Savelugu-Nanton district having the largest diversity and having accessions with the highest mean plant height of 308.27±48.91 cm, highest branching point at 107.19±64.66 cm, and few branches not exceeding 5.0 in number. Majority of the accessions exhibited low branching points. The most variable trait was branch number with SDI of 0.83±0.12. Accessions HA-07, HA-11, HA-12, HA-21, and HA-33 ranked highest with respect to plant height with few branches at high branching points, and large basal diameter. The ample diversity in roselle and identification of genotypes of economic importance await their exploitation for genetic improvement, particularly for fiber yield.
Analyzing the Fragmented Sri Lankan Muslim Politics in Post-Ashraff Era
Authors: Yusoff Mohammad Agus , Sarjoon Athambawa , Zain Zawiyah Mohd
Published: August 2018

The traditional Muslim politics in Sri Lanka transformed with the formation of Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) and its active communal politics under its founder-leader, M.H.M.Ashraff. While representing the interests of the Muslim community, particularly those living in the north-eastern region, SLMC through its politics of bargaining and consensus voiced and advocated for the interests, rights and privileges of the Muslim community as well as contributed to their socio-economic and cultural upliftment at the crossroad of ethnic conflict and civil war. Although SLMC received popular mandate from the Muslim community, the party fell into fragmentation with the unexpected demise of its founder-leader in 2000, and splits were instigated shortly. This fragmentation caused a severe effect in the distinct path of Muslim politics in Sri Lanka. This study examines the fragmented nature and the trends of Muslim politics, particularly the politics of SLMC in post-Ashraff era and their impact. This study reveals that the fragmentation within SLMC caused leadership crisis and emergence of many Muslim political parties that promoted ugly politics of opportunism. This trend ultimately reduced the bargaining strength of Muslim politics, negatively influenced representative politics, leading to the negligence and marginalisation of Muslims’ concerns and grievances in national politics. The leadership crisis and regionalism also negatively influenced the politics of SLMC and other Muslim parties in post-Ashraff era. This study also finds that unifying splinter-groups, reforming party structure and procedures, and redefining goals and path of achieving them would not only strengthen the politics of SLMC and other Muslim political parties but also would give a new brand for Muslim minority politics in Sri Lanka.
Normal edge-transitive and \frac{1}{2}-arc-transitive cayley graphs on non-abelian groups of odd order 3pq, p and q are primes
Authors: Ashrafi Ali Reza , Soleimani Bijan
Published: August 2018

Suppose $p$ and $q$ are odd prime numbers. In this paper, the connected Cayley graph of groups of order $3pq$, for primes $p$ and $q$, are investigated and all connected normal $\frac{1}{2}-$arc-transitive Cayley graphs of group of these orders will be classified.
The Development of Oral History in the United States: the evolution toward interdisciplinary
Authors: Dunaway David king
Published: August 2018

This article discusses the development of oral history in the United States and how this has led the field to becoming interdisciplinary in interesting and useful ways. It traces its origins in the 17th century and explains its establishment as method (oral data collection), a subfield of history (oral historiography) and a resource for teachers, communities, and researchers of all kinds (oral history). The author describes the practical applications of oral history in other fields such as anthropology, education/ teaching, ethnic studies/ethnohistory/American studies, folklore, gerontology, legal studies, literary history, media studies and media production, and women and gender studies. A review of oral history guides is also given. The article ends with an update on how oral historians are coping with the new, anti-intellectual orientation of President Trump and his right-wing agenda. Keywords: Oral History. USA. Oral Data Collection. History-Telling.
Abordagens possíveis do ser religioso, do manifestar a fé e do viver experiências de crença: religiões e religiosidades a partir da história ensinada
Authors: Dillmann Mauro
Published: August 2018

Este artigo apresenta algumas reflexões sobre os significados e as possibilidades de abordagem de religiões e religiosidades no ensino de história, apresentando também os possíveis sentidos de aprendizagens sobre experiências religiosas na disciplina, bem como as emergências de suas concepções, que podem ser problematizadas nas aulas de história. Trata-se dos significados teóricos de narrativas históricas que são construídas e que podem ser acionadas no ensino de história de modo a propor (condições de) possibilidades de aprendizagem histórica, de ser e viver religiosamente ou não, e de realizar escolhas de ação relativas ao senso de liberdade (religiosa) do presente. Palavras-chave: Ensino de História. Religiões e religiosidades. Tempo Presente.
A reivindicação política da identidade regional: a identidade latino-americana nos documentos oficiais do Mercosul e Unasul
Authors: Barom Wilian Carlos Cipriani
Published: August 2018

O presente artigo busca refletir sobre identidade e regionalismo político latino-americano a partir da análise das normativas oficiais criadas para a integração. Observando as narrativas destes documentos, atenta-se, especificamente, à forma como reivindicam a ideia da identidade latino-americana para a região. O recorte temporal escolhido foi o período das últimas três décadas e os documentos analisados foram: Tratado de Assunção (1991); Protocolo de Intenções (1991); Planos trienais (1992 – 2015); Tratado Constitutivo da União das Nações Sul-Americanas (2008); Estatuto do Conselho Sul-Americano de Educação (2012); e Plano Estratégico Quinquenal para a educação (2013-2017). Palavras-chave: Identidade. Integração Latino-americana. Educação – América Latina. Mercosul. Unasul.
Canções, Projetos e Expressões Políticas
Authors: Lemos Moreira Igor
Published: August 2018

Resenha da obra: VALENTE, Heloísa de A. Duarte; PEREIRA, Simone Luci. Com Som, Sem Som - Liberdade políticas, liberdades poéticas. São Paulo: Letra e Voz/FAPESP, 2016.
D’une langue à l’autre : les transformations du texte de deux nouvelles d’Honoré de Balzac dans des versions anglaises, espagnoles et chinoises
Authors: Aubin Marie-Christine
Published: August 2018

Balzac le suggère dans sa Physiologie du mariage, « [l]ire, c’est créer peut-être à deux » (1976, t. XI, p. 1019). Ce qui est vrai de l’amateur de livres l’est encore plus du traducteur, lecteur primordial chargé de réécrire le texte en langue étrangère. Dans le présent article, nous observons deux nouvelles de Balzac, Le Réquisitionnaire (1831) et L’Élixir de longue vie (1830), traduites en anglais, espagnol et chinois. Cette observation s’inscrit dans le prolongement des théories de la réception, notamment des plus récentes qui intègrent la dimension culturelle à l’activité de traduction, mais nous nous fondons surtout sur le modèle macro- et transtextuel que propose O’Neill (2005). Il s’agit d’un système multilingue complexe, composé de l’ensemble des textes, en langues étrangères et originale, qui englobe l’auteur du texte original, ses traducteurs et tous les prolongements et toutes les transformations – heureuses ou malheureuses – réalisées à partir du texte initial. Cette approche macrotextuelle nous permettra non seulement d’observer l’impact de Balzac dans le monde, mais aussi d’élucider quelques-unes des stratégies employées par les traducteurs pour mener à bien leur entreprise : stratégies de nature stylistique pour rendre les aspects perçus du style de Balzac, mais aussi stratégies d’acculturation ou de dépaysement comme elles ont pu être discutées par Schleiermacher, Venuti ou Berman. Quelles que soient ces stratégies, il apparaît très nettement qu’une fois publiée, l’oeuvre n’appartient plus à son auteur (Chan, 2010, p. 3). Celle-ci a donc une vie et des prolongements que l’auteur ne saurait soupçonner et dont les résultats lui échappent complètement. Pour illustrer ces prolongements, nous suivrons ces deux nouvelles dans quelques pays et dans quelques systèmes linguistiques et tâcherons de mesurer les transformations du texte, tant pour la forme que pour le fond.
Parallelisation of equation-based simulation programs on heterogeneous computing systems
Authors: Nikolić Dragan D.
Published: August 2018

Numerical solutions of equation-based simulations require computationally intensive tasks such as evaluation of model equations, linear algebra operations and solution of systems of linear equations. The focus in this work is on parallel evaluation of model equations on shared memory systems such as general purpose processors (multi-core CPUs and manycore devices), streaming processors (Graphics Processing Units and Field Programmable Gate Arrays) and heterogeneous systems. The current approaches for evaluation of model equations are reviewed and their capabilities and shortcomings analysed. Since stream computing differs from traditional computing in that the system processes a sequential stream of elements, equations must be transformed into a data structure suitable for both types. The postfix notation expression stacks are recognised as a platform and programming language independent method to describe, store in computer memory and evaluate general systems of differential and algebraic equations of any size. Each mathematical operation and its operands are described by a specially designed data structure, and every equation is transformed into an array of these structures (a Compute Stack). Compute Stacks are evaluated by a stack machine using a Last In First Out queue. The stack machine is implemented in the DAE Tools modelling software in the C99 language using two Application Programming Interface (APIs)/frameworks for parallelism. The Open Multi-Processing (OpenMP) API is used for parallelisation on general purpose processors, and the Open Computing Language (OpenCL) framework is used for parallelisation on streaming processors and heterogeneous systems. The performance of the sequential Compute Stack approach is compared to the direct C++ implementation and to the previous approach that uses evaluation trees. The new approach is 45% slower than the C++ implementation and more than five times faster than the previous one. The OpenMP and OpenCL implementations are tested on three medium-scale models using a multi-core CPU, a discrete GPU, an integrated GPU and heterogeneous computing setups. Execution times are compared and analysed and the advantages of the OpenCL implementation running on a discrete GPU and heterogeneous systems are discussed. It is found that the evaluation of model equations using the parallel OpenCL implementation running on a discrete GPU is up to twelve times faster than the sequential version while the overall simulation speed-up gained is more than three times.
Developing a valid and reliable assessment of knowledge translation (KT) for continuing professional development program of health professionals
Authors: Ong Irvin L. , Diño Michael Joseph S. , Calimag Maria Minerva P. , Hidalgo Fe A.
Published: August 2018

Introduction

Knowledge Translation (KT) is expected to be a critical learning outcome of a Continuing Professional Development (CPD) program. It continues to serve as an area of interest among educators and healthcare providers due to its importance to evidence-based practice. This study endeavored to develop a valid and reliable KT learning assessment tool in CPD.

Methods

The Inventory of Reflective Vignettes (IRV), an innovative approach of integrating research vignettes, was utilized in crafting the 20-item IRV-KT tool. This instrument includes knowledge creation and action as essential KT constructs. KT competency was assessed in three segments (i.e., before and after CPD event and if in a lecture) using a one-group post-posttest pre-experimental design. Health professionals who successfully completed a CPD program on a knowledge translation topic were asked to complete the IRV-KT during the pilot study (n = 10) and actual implementation (n = 45). Responses were subjected to Cronbach’s reliability and criterion-validity testing.

Results

The initial test of the IRV-KT tool demonstrated a high internal reliability (α = 0.97) and most items yielded acceptable validity scores. During the actual implementation, a higher reliability score of 0.98 was generated with significant correlations between the before-after segments for both KT constructs of creation (r = 0.33, p < 0.05) and action (r = 0.49, p < 0.05). All items have significant positive validity coefficients (r > 0.35, p < 0.05) in all segments of the tool.

Discussion

The study produced a reflective assessment tool to validly and reliably assess KT learning in a CPD. IRV-KT is seen to guide the curriculum process of CPD programs to bridge learning and healthcare outcomes.
Race, Neighborhood Disadvantage, and Prehospital Law Enforcement Handcuffing in Children With Behavioral Health Emergencies
Authors: Watkins Kenshata , Glomb Nicolaus W. , Trivedi Tarak K. , Leibovich Sara A. , Cruz-Romero Marisol , Daftary Rajesh K. , Kornblith Aaron E. , Foster Ashley A. , Schriger David L. , Sporer Karl A. , Kellison Colleen , Hong Timothy , Grupp-Phelan Jacqueline
Published: November 2024

Importance

Minoritized youth and children in resource-limited neighborhoods rely on emergency medical services (EMS) for accessing care, including during behavioral health emergencies (BHEs). Law enforcement (LE) officers sometimes use forceful tactics in such settings. Assessing LE actions is needed to ensure safe and equitable care for vulnerable populations.

Objective

To examine whether race and ethnicity, neighborhood disadvantage, sex, and age are associated with LE handcuffing during pediatric BHEs.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study analyzed LE handcuffing, demographic factors, and neighborhood disadvantage in Alameda County, California. The study population included children younger than 18 years who were evaluated by EMS for BHEs between January 1, 2012, and June 30, 2019. Data analysis was completed between January 1, 2022, and August 30, 2023.

Exposures

Primary exposures included race and ethnicity and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) rank as ADI I (1-3 [lowest]), ADI II (4-6 [moderate]), and ADI III (7-10 [highest]).

Main Outcome and Measure

The primary outcome was LE handcuffing during BHEs. The study calculated handcuffing proportions stratified by race and ethnicity, ADI, and sex.

Results

The final dataset consisted of 6759 pediatric BHE encounters with complete data. Among these, 3864 encounters (57.2%) were with females. The median age was 14.9 (IQR, 13.4-16.2) years. Overall, LE handcuffing occurred in 517 encounters (7.6%); Black children had higher odds than their White peers (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.80; 95% CI, 1.39-2.33). Compared with low neighborhood disadvantage, moderate neighborhood disadvantage was independently associated with increased odds of handcuffing (ADI II: AOR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.21-1.88), as was highest neighborhood disadvantage (ADI III: AOR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.19-1.99). Male sex (AOR, 2.31; 95% CI, 1.91-2.79) and age (AOR per 1-year increase, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.10-1.21) were also associated with increased odds of handcuffing. In moderately disadvantaged neighborhoods, the odds were higher for Black children (AOR, 2.52; 95% CI, 1.65-3.86). When stratified by sex, the odds of handcuffing were significantly higher for Black females compared with White females (AOR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.69-3.98).

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that accessing EMS for BHEs may expose Black children and youth in disadvantaged neighborhoods to LE use of handcuffing. Emergency medical services should reconsider the role of LE officers in these settings.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Verbal Hallucinations in Schizophrenia
Authors: Hua Qiang , Wang Lu , He Kongliang , Sun Jinmei , Xu Wenqiang , Zhang Li , Tian Yanghua , Wang Kai , Ji Gong-Jun
Published: November 2024

Importance

Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are a common symptom of schizophrenia, increasing the patient’s risks of suicide and violence. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potential treatment for AVH.

Objective

To investigate the effect of imaging-navigated rTMS on AVH in patients with schizophrenia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This 6-week, double-blind, sham-controlled, randomized clinical trial was performed at the Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China, from September 1, 2016, to August 31, 2021. Participants included 66 patients with AVH and schizophrenia. Data were analyzed from May 1, 2022, to March 31, 2023.

Interventions

Participants were randomly assigned 1:1 to either imaging-navigated active or sham rTMS over the left temporoparietal junction for 2 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome measured improvements in AVH from baseline to week 2 and week 6 using the Auditory Hallucination Rating Scale (AHRS) scores. In addition, the TMS-induced electric field strength was used to estimate improvements in AVH as a secondary outcome.

Results

A total of 62 participants (33 women [53%]; mean [SD] age, 27.4 [9.2] years) completed the 2-week treatments. Of these, 32 were randomized to the active rTMS group (18 women [56%]; mean [SD] age, 26.9 [9.2] years) and 30 to the sham treatment group (15 women [50%]; mean [SD] age, 27.8 [9.4] years). In the intention-to-treat analyses, patients receiving active rTMS showed a significantly greater reduction in AHRS scores compared with those receiving sham treatment at week 2 (difference, 5.96 [95% CI, 3.42-8.50]; t = 4.61; P < .001; Cohen d, 1.17 [95% CI, 0.62-1.71]). These clinical effects were sustained at week 6. Additionally, a stronger TMS-induced electric field within a predefined AVH brain network was associated with greater reductions in AHRS scores (B = 3.12; t = 3.58; P = .002). No serious adverse event was observed.

Conclusions and Relevance

The findings of this randomized clinical trial suggest that imaging-navigated rTMS may effectively and safely alleviate AVH in patients with schizophrenia. Findings also suggest that the electric field strength in the individualized AVH network is a vital parameter for optimizing the efficacy of the rTMS protocol.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02863094
Replenishing co‐downregulated miR‐100‐5p and miR‐125b‐5p in malignant germ cell tumors causes growth inhibition through cell cycle disruption
Authors: Ferraresso Marta , Bailey Shivani , Alonso‐Crisostomo Luz , Ward Dawn , Panayi Christos , Scurlock Zachary G. L. , Saini Harpreet K. , Smith Stephen P. , Nicholson James C. , Enright Anton J. , Scarpini Cinzia G. , Coleman Nicholas , Murray Matthew J.
Published: November 2024

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, nonprotein‐coding RNAs, and their expression is dysregulated in malignant germ cell tumors (GCTs). Here, we investigated the causes and consequences of downregulated miR‐99a‐5p/miR‐100‐5p (functionally identical) and miR‐125b‐5p levels in malignant GCTs regardless of age, site, or subtype. Quantitative RT‐PCR was used to assess miR‐99a‐5p/miR‐100‐5p, miR‐125b‐5p, and associated gene expression in malignant GCT tissues/cell lines [seminoma (Sem), yolk sac tumor (YST), embryonal carcinoma (EC)]. Cells were treated with demethylating 5‐azacytidine and pyrosequencing was performed. Combination miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p mimic replenishment was used to treat malignant GCT cells. Global messenger RNA (mRNA) targets of the replenished miRNAs were identified and Metascape used to study pathway effects. We found that expression levels of miR‐99a‐5p/miR‐100‐5p and miR‐125b‐5p, their respective pri‐miRNAs, and associated genes from chromosomes 11 and 21 (chr11/chr21) were downregulated and highly correlated in malignant GCT cells. Treatment with 5‐azacytidine caused upregulation of these miRNAs, with pyrosequencing revealing hypermethylation of their chr11/chr21 loci, likely contributing to miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p downregulation. Combination miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p mimic replenishment resulted in growth inhibition in Sem/YST cells, with miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p mRNA targets enriched in downregulated genes, which were involved in cell cycle (confirmed by flow cytometry) and signaling pathways. Knockdown of the miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p target tripartite motif containing 71 (TRIM71kd) recapitulated miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p replenishment, with growth inhibition and cell cycle disruption of Sem/YST/EC cells. Further, replenishment led to reduced lin‐28 homolog A (LIN28A) levels and concomitant increases in let‐7 (MIRLET7B) tumor suppressor miRNAs, creating a sustained reversion of cell phenotype. In summary, combination miR‐100‐5p/miR‐125b‐5p mimic replenishment or TRIM71kd caused growth inhibition in malignant GCT cells via cell cycle disruption. Further studies are now warranted, including mimic treatment alongside conventional platinum‐based chemotherapy.
Profile and Attributes of Physician Assistants/Associates in Rheumatology: An In‐Depth Analysis
Authors: Smith Benjamin J. , Hooker Roderick S. , Bruza‐Augatis Mirela , Puckett Kasey , Kozikowski Andrzej
Published: November 2024

Objective

This work describes the demographics and practice characteristics of physician assistants/associates (PAs) practicing in rheumatology.

Methods

We examined 2022 cross‐sectional data from the National Commission on Certification of PAs. The investigation included demographics and practice characteristics of PAs working in rheumatology compared to those working in all other specialties. We analyzed data using descriptive and bivariate statistics comparing the two groups.

Results

In 2022, 430 PAs self‐reported practicing in rheumatology. The median age of these PAs was 39 years, and 84.7% self‐identified as female. They primarily (78.8%) worked in office‐based private practices and were more likely to engage in telemedicine services (62.5%) than their colleagues in all other specialties. PAs in rheumatology typically worked similar hours as their peers in other medical disciplines but saw a higher proportion of patients in the 61 to 80 range. At the same time, PAs in rheumatology reported slightly higher job satisfaction and lower burnout symptom rates compared to PAs practicing in other disciplines.

Conclusion

Understanding the characteristics and employment settings of PAs in rheumatology is crucial to estimating the health workforce supply and demand in this discipline. Further research should explore the economics of PAs in rheumatology, including aspects of teamwork, scope of practice, patient outcomes, and satisfaction.

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A Perspective on Powder Metallurgy and Additive Manufacturing of High‐Nitrogen Alloyed Stainless Steels
Authors: Becker Louis , Radtke Felix , Lentz Jonathan , Herzog Simone , Broeckmann Christoph , Weber Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Incorporating nitrogen as an alloying element in stainless steels can significantly enhance their mechanical and chemical properties. However, the limited solubility of nitrogen, particularly in the liquid phase, presents challenges. This perspective article explores an innovative powder metallurgical approach to producing high‐nitrogen steels (HNS) by utilizing a mixture of stainless steel and Si3N4. This mixture undergoes hot isostatic pressing (HIP) followed by direct quenching, facilitating diffusion alloying, and solution annealing in a single step. The article also examines adapting this method to powder bed fusion of metals using a laser beam (PBF‐LB/M) to overcome nitrogen solubility limits, which currently constrain the achievable nitrogen content in PBF‐LB/M‐manufactured stainless steels. The approach aims to retain Si3N4 particles within the matrix during PBF‐LB/M to enrich the steel with nitrogen during subsequent HIP. However, laser interaction with Si3N4 can lead to nitrogen loss, prompting an alternative strategy: a shell–core structure based on a gas‐tight shell enclosing loose Si3N4 particles. These particles dissolve during HIP, enriching the matrix with nitrogen and enabling the production of HNS. This article highlights the potential for extending this approach to other stainless steel groups, broadening the possibilities for HNS production through both conventional HIP and PBF‐LB/M manufacturing routes.