bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of grazing intensity on forage nutritive value of dominant grass species in Borana rangelands of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Fenetahun Yeneayehu , You Yuan , Fentahun Tihunie , Xinwen Xu , Yong-dong Wang
Published: October 2021

Background

Forage nutritive value analysis is an essential indicator of rangeland status regarding degradation and livestock nutrient demand. Thus, it is used to maintain healthy and sustainable rangelands that can provide the livestock with sufficient quantity and quality of forage. This study is conducted with the aim of investigating the effects of grazing intensity combined with seasonal variation on the nutritive values of dominant grass species in the Teltele rangeland.

Methods

The studied area is classified into no-grazed, moderately grazed, and overgrazed plots based on the estimated potential carrying capacity. Sampling data is collected during both rainy and dry seasons. The collected forage samples are analyzed for concentrations of crude protein (CP), acid detergent organic fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent lignin (ADL), ash, dry matter digestibility (DMD), potential dry matter intake (DMI), and relative feed/forage value (RFV).

Results

The results show significant (P < 0.05) effects of both grazing intensity and season to grazing intensity interactions on all forage nutrient content concentrations across all grass species both within and between treatments. The recorded CP concentrations of all grass species are high in the overgrazed site and low at the no-grazed site, while the fiber concentration is high in NG and low in OG. RFV data also varies greatly, with high value recorded in OG in the rainy season and low value found in NG mainly during the dry season. As a result, it is recommended that moderate grazing should be practiced on the study site to maintain the quality and quantity of forage and to manage it in a sustainable manner.
Development of a novel embryonic germline gene-related prognostic model of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Liu Linjun , Xu Ke , Zhou Yubai
Published: October 2021

Background

Emerging evidence implicates the correlation of embryonic germline genes with the tumor progress and patient’s outcome. However, the prognostic value of these genes in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) has not been fully studied. Here we systematically evaluated this issue, and constructed a novel signature and a nomogram associated with embryonic germline genes for predicting the outcomes of lung adenocarcinoma.

Methods

The LUAD cohorts retrieved from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were used as training set and testing set, respectively. The embryonic germline genes were downloaded from the websitehttps://venn.lodder.dev. Then, the differentially expressed embryonic germline genes (DEGGs) between the tumor and normal samples were identified by limma package. The functional enrichment and pathway analyses were also performed by clusterProfiler package. The prognostic model was constructed by the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)-Cox regression method. Survival and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to validate the model using training set and four testing GEO datasets. Finally, a prognostic nomogram based on the signature genes was constructed using multivariate regression method.

Results

Among the identified 269 DEGGs, 249 were up-regulated and 20 were down-regulated. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that these DEGGs were mainly enriched in the process of cell proliferation and DNA damage repair. Then, 103 DEGGs with prognostic value were identified by univariate Cox regression and further filtered by LASSO method. The resulting sixteen DEGGs were included in step multivariate Cox regression and an eleven embryonic germline gene related signature (EGRS) was constructed. The model could robustly stratify the LUAD patients into high-risk and low-risk groups in both training and testing sets, and low-risk patients had much better outcomes. The multi-ROC analysis also showed that the EGRS model had the best predictive efficacy compared with other common clinicopathological factors. The EGRS model also showed robust predictive ability in four independent external datasets, and the area under curve (AUC) was 0.726 (GSE30219), 0.764 (GSE50081), 0.657 (GSE37745) and 0.668 (GSE72094). More importantly, the expression level of some genes in EGRS has a significant correlation with the progression of LUAD clinicopathology, suggesting these genes might play an important role in the progression of LUAD. Finally, based on EGRS genes, we built and calibrated a nomogram for conveniently evaluating patients’ outcomes.
Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of two Polygalacturonases Isolated from the Digestive Juice of the Snail Limicolaria flammea
Authors: Téhi Sea Bernard , Kouassi Kanga Armand , Michel Koffi Djary , Patrice Kouamé Lucien
Published: October 2021

Polygalacturonases are extensively used in food industries for pectic substances degradation. In this paper, we investigate on thermal stability parameters of two Polygalacturonases previously isolated from digestive juice of the snail Limicolaria flammea for several industrial applications such as fruit juice clarification. Thermal inactivation was carried out in the temperature range of 55°C to 80°C from 15 to 120 min. All results were statistically analysed. The results shown that thermal inactivation of studied acid phosphatases follows first order kinetics. At their optimum temperatures, these enzymes showed high half-lives ranging from 462.06 to 630.10 min and D values from 1535.00 to 2093.64 min suggesting that these two enzymes had a large thermal stability. The high values of ΔG# (93.96 to 94.97 kJ/mol) reveal a better resistance to denaturation. The relatively high activation energies (from 120.35 to 129.13 kJ/mol) and average enthalpy values (from 117.67 to 126.44 kJ.mol−1) could corroborate the good stability of these biocatalyst. All these results suggest that Polygalacturonases from digestive juice of the snail Limicolaria flammea may be profitably exploited in future food industrial applications.
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Spiny Brinjal (Solanum melongina L.) Var VRM (Br)-1
Authors: Kumar S. Nantha , Vijay Vidhya Mhaddalkar Tejas , Rathika K.
Published: October 2021

Background: An experiment on “Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth, Yield Attributes and Economics of Spiny Brinjal (Solanum melongina L.) var. VRM (Br)-1” were conducted at Adhiparasakthi Agricultural College farm, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu.

Methods: Eleven treatments of integrated nutrient management viz., T1-RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.), T2– FYM (25 t/ ha.), T3- Humic acid (20 kg/ha.), T4- RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.) +FYM @25 t/ ha, T5- Humic acid (20 kg/ha.) + RDF of N:P:K (100:50:30 kg/ha.), T6- Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.), T7- Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.), T8- Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.), T9 – 75% RDF of N (75 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of P&K (50:30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.), T10 - 75% RDF of P (37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of N&K (100:30 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (2 kg/ha.) and T11 - 75% RDF of N & P (75:37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of K (30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum (2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (kg/ha.) replicated thrice in Randomised block design.

Results: The various treatments of integrated nutrient managementin spiny brinjalclearly showed that growth and yield attributes were high in T11.The economic assessment of different treatments revealed that maximum net profit Rs.2,16,570/ha.with benefit cost ratio (2.60) was also recorded in treatment T11 75% RDF of N & P (75:37.5 kg/ha.) + 100% RDF of K (30 kg/ha.) + Azospirillum(2 kg/ha.) + Phosphobacteria (kg/ha.).
Response of Hybrid Tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) for Calcium Nutrition: Growth, Root Traits and SPAD Index
Authors: Santhosh S. Salma , Chitdeshwari T. , Jegadeeswari D. , Kavitha C.
Published: October 2021

Aims: To evaluate the effect of various sources and levels of calcium fertilisation in improving the growth and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages.

Study Design: Factorial randomized block design (FRBD) with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: A field experiment was conducted in the farmer’s field at Devarayapuram village, Thondamuthur block, Coimbatore from January to April, 2021.

Methodology: A field experiment was conducted with hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersiucm L) Shivam by using various organic and inorganic calcium sources viz., calcium sulphate, calcium nitrate, calcium silicate, poultry manure and pressmud applied at different levels (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 kg Ca ha-1) in a factorial randomized block design with three replications. The growth parameters such as plant height, root length, lateral root length, root volume and SPAD index were recorded as per standard protocols at different plant growth stages.

Results: A linear increase in the plant growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato was noted by the addition of organic and inorganic sources of calcium and the highest values were observed with the application of 80 kg Ca ha-1. Higher plant height (93.8 cm), root length (16.8 cm), lateral root length (13.3 g cc-1) and SPAD index (62.0) was registered with poultry manure applied at 80 kg Ca ha-1 which was followed by pressmud applied at the same level. Skipping of calcium in the fertiliser schedule registered the lowest growth response of hybrid tomato at all the growth stages.

Conclusion: Inorganic Ca fertiliser sources though improved the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato at different growth stages, and it was comparatively lesser than the organic sources such as poultry manure and pressmud as calcium sources. The order of better growth performance was: Poultry manure > Pressmud > Ca silicate > Ca Nitrate > Ca sulphate. The lowest values of all the growth attributes were noted with NPK control. It was concluded that application of poultry manure at 80 kg Ca ha-1 would be effective in improving the growth, root traits and SPAD index of hybrid tomato.
Co-Relation of Ocular Fundus Changes and Pregnancy Induced Hypertension and Its Foetal Outcomes
Authors: Kandeel Mohmed , El-Sobky Hoda , Shalah Ahmed , A. Amin Essam
Published: October 2021

Background: Pregnancy-Induced Hypertension (PIH) is a stigmatizing condition in obstetrics and a significant cause of maternal and neonatal death. It is a kind of pregnancy-related hypertension that develops after 20th week of pregnancy with no presence of other reasons of high blood pressure.

Objectives: To study the relation between grades of ocular fundus changes& degree of features severity of pregnancy induced hypertension and its maternal and foetal outcomes.

Subjects and Methods: This is a prospective observational follow up study, the research lasted about 16 months and included 121 pregnant women diagnosed with PIH. Ocular examinations were performed using a direct ophthalmoscope, a slit lamp and grades of retinopathy were recorded and linked to the severity of PIH and its consequences. The data were analyzed statistically.

Results: Results of the study revealed that most of the patients 62% had no abnormal fundus changes while 29.8% of the patients were grade I retinopathy and 7.4% of the patients were grade II retinopathy & There was significant difference between grades of retinopathy and degree of features of severity of PIH & some of its important maternal & foetal outcomes.

Conclusion: Grades of ocular fundus alterations are associated with the severity of PIH's characteristics and are predictive of maternal and fetal comorbidity.
Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy Versus Abdominal Total Hysterectomy
Authors: Bishrah Mazen , Tashkandi Abdullah Mohammedamin M. , Bahabri Abdulelah Khalid A. , Almuhaisen Hessa Khalid , Nooh Mawadah Ismaeel , Dallak Fatimah Hussain Ali , Alhamdi Joud Awad , Alrashidi Rahaf Ahmed , Rahbeeni Ahmad Abdulrahman , Albannay Amjad Ali , Gotah Albatool Wali , Ramadan Yousuf Loai F. , Almulhim Sara Abdulmohsen
Published: October 2021

Hysterectomy is one of the most prevalent surgical procedures in the United States. Vaginal hysterectomies have been successfully performed for nearly two centuries. Abdominal hysterectomy remains the most prevalent surgical strategy, with laparotomies accounting for well over half of all hysterectomies With technology advancement more and more better surgical procedures are being developed which are less invasive and have less complications, Abdominal total Hysterectomy was for many years the gold standard for many cases until development of Total Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, which overall has better recovery time, less blood loss, less tendency of infection and less minor complications. This review aims to compare abdominal total hysterectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy in terms of recovery and complications.
Butea Monosperma Shows Anti-cancer and Anti-Oxidant Activity: In-vitro and In vivo Study
Authors: Ajmire Prashant , Patel Rakesh , Kayande Nandu , Bakal Ravindra
Published: October 2021

Breast cancer is one of the predominant cancers in Indian subcontinent and the global scenario is not very different. Treatment of this type of cancer is possible by chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy, which relieve the patient; however, off target activity and severe toxicity of non-cancerous cells remained the major drawbacks of these chemotherapeutics. In order to overcome these issues, modern cancer therapeutics emphasizes the implication of natural bioactive compounds. In this current piece of work, we have studied the anti-cancer potentiality of Butea monosperma flower in in vitro breast cancer cells. Various extracts of this flower were found to be non-toxic to breast epithelial cells but toxic to breast cancer cells. However, the methanol extract of this flower was most effective amongst all other extracts. Data suggest that Butea monosperma flower induce DNA damage mediated apoptosis and inhibit cell proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis. It also inhibits the angiogenesis and metastasis in xenograft mice model system. Moreover, the anti-cancer phenomenon was found to be induction of inflammatory cytokines mediated oxidative stress in breast cancer. Collectively, Butea monosperma flower shows excellent cancer therapeutics in order to induce DNA damage, inhibit angiogenesis and metastasis simultaneously.
Determination of Proximal Junctional Kyphosis in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Correction Fusion using Pedicle Screw Versus Hook Plus Screw Pedicle Instrumentation
Authors: Nodushan Mohamad Hossein Tabatabaei , Andalib Ali , Etemadifar Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Spinal instrumentation in idiopathic adolescent scoliosis (AIS) aims to correct spinal deformity, and maintain spinal stability. Proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK) is a relatively common postoperative complication. Posterior-only fusion using diverse instruments such as pedicle screw and hybrid hook plus screw is favored to correct spinal deformity. The current study aims to compare PJK incidence between pedicle screw versus hybrid hook plus screw.

Methods: This non-randomized clinical trial has been conducted on 71 AIS patients undergone posterior-only spinal deformity fusion using pedicle screw only (n=42) or hook plus pedicle (n=29) implantation in 2015-20. The proximal thoracic (PT), main thoracic (MT), T5-T12 sagittal Cobb angles and proximal junctional angle (PJA) were evaluated through radiographies taken at baseline, immediately postoperative, within 6 and 18 months. PJK was defined as PJA >10 degrees. 

Results: Using both pedicle screw only and hook plus pedicle have led to significant improvement in MT, PT, PJA and T5-T12 angles (P-value<0.05); however, the two groups were not statistically different (P-value>0.05). Seventeen cases (23.9%) presented PJK among which 11 (26.2%) and 6 (20.7%) ones were in the predicle screw versus hook plus screw implantation groups, respectively (P-value=0.54). The comparison of PJA and T5-T12 Cobb angles revealed significant difference between the PJK versus non-PJK cases (P-value<0.05).

Conclusion: AIS instrumentation was accompanied by satisfying outcomes using pedicle screw or hook plus screw. However, none of the applied instruments was superior over the other; PJK occurred in fewer cases undergone posterior-only approach of AIS correctional surgery using hook and screw.
Limiron Granules for Iron Deficiency Anemia in School going Children
Authors: Swapnil C. R. , Toshikhane Hemant , Taklikar Shreehari
Published: October 2021

Background: Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA) is leading cause of the health derangements in school going children of India. Supplementation with iron preparation has been the integral part of our primary health policies still prevalence of childhood IDA is alarmingly high even though     nationwide national program and policies are implemented by GOI. Ayurveda traditional         system of medicine defines the different herbo-mineral combination to treat IDA.                    Limiron Granules (LG) the proprietary Ayurveda medicine developed by SG Phyto Pharma Private Limited, Kolhapur Maharashtra India is used in this clinical trial for the management of childhood IDA.

Aim: Clinical trial to evaluate the role of Limiron granule in children with IDA.

Methods: Single arm Phase 3 clinical trial of this medicine has been carried out at Parul Ayurveda Hospital, Limda Vadodara, Gujarat, India. Total 104 children were enrolled in this study from rural and urban sector of Vadodara, Gujarat. Limiron granules were administered for 90 days and results were observed. 

Observation and Results: Statistically significant (p < 0.01) results were obtain in subjective parameters of IDA like Pallor, fatigue, anorexia, stomatitis etc. while statistically significant result were observed in blood indices like MCH, MCH, MCHC with average increment of Hb 3 g/dL and increment in Sr. Iron level.

Discussion and Conclusion: A Limiron granule is herbomineral combination containing iron in Fe2O3 form with Calcium in hydrate form, and natural phytosteroids. All these drugs help to promote the growth and improving the blood indices in children with IDA.
Memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered control for networked interval type‐2 fuzzy systems subject to DoS attacks
Authors: Li Xiehuan , Ye Dan
Published: October 2021

In this article, the memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered controller design issue is investigated for networked interval type‐2 (IT2) fuzzy systems under non‐periodic denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks. For saving limited network bandwidth, a novel memory‐based dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) is proposed to schedule data communication. Unlike existing event‐triggered generators, the developed memory‐based DETM can utilize a series of newly released signals and further save network resources by introducing interval dynamic variables. Moreover, to improve design flexibility, an IT2 fuzzy controller with freely selectable fuzzy rule number and premise membership functions (MFs) is synthesized. Then, a new switched time‐delay system with imperfectly matched MFs is established under the consideration of memory‐based DETM and DoS attacks simultaneously. Besides, based on the property of MFs, the boundary information of membership grades and slack matrices are introduced in the stability analysis. Furthermore, by using a piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii method, membership‐functions‐dependent criteria are deduced to ensure the asymptotic stability of built fuzzy switched systems. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control strategies is demonstrated by simulation examples.
SCSs: Latest study shows improvements in needle disposal
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: October 2021

The most recent study by Alex H. Kral and colleagues at RTI International found that people who inject drugs in safe consumption sites (SCSs) — which exist in unsanctioned form in the United States — are less likely to dispose of syringes in public places than people who do not use such sites. The study, “Improved syringe disposal practices associated with unsanctioned safe consumption site use: A cohort study of people who inject drugs in the United States,” published online Oct. 12 in Drug and Alcohol Dependence, is based on 494 injecting drug users who used a safe consumption site in an undisclosed (because illegal) location in the United States.
Fabric‐Assisted MXene/Silicone Nanocomposite‐Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Self‐Powered Sensors and Wearable Electronics
Authors: Salauddin Md , Rana S. M. Sohel , Rahman Muhammad Toyabur , Sharifuzzaman Md. , Maharjan Pukar , Bhatta Trilochan , Cho Hyunok , Lee Sang Hyun , Park Chani , Shrestha Kumar , Sharma Sudeep , Park Jae Yeong
Published: October 2021

Surface modification of triboelectric negative layers is an essential factor for boosting the output performance of triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). Herein, a novel scalable surface modification method is introduced using a fabric‐assisted micropatterning technique on a highly negative MXene/silicone nanocomposite surface (charge generating) with MXene layer (charge trapping) for self‐powered sensors and wearable electronics. The microstructured surface is fabricated directly from a fabric template requiring no surface‐active agent, high‐pressure equipment, or high vacuum. To boost the proposed double‐side‐contact TENG (DSC‐TENG) output performance, different parameters of the fabric textures are tested and optimized for the roughened microstructures, namely the MXene layer and relative humidity. Under optimal conditions, the fabricated DSC‐TENG improves the voltage and peak current density by factors of 9.8 and 20, respectively, regarding flat silicone. It exhibits a maximum peak power density of 55.47 W m−2 at load resistance of 0.18 MΩ, and a corresponding decrease in resistance by 75% using MXene content of 3 mg cm−2. Also, DSC‐TENG‐based smart home control of electrical appliances, theft protection, self‐powered electronic devices, password authentication, and human motion monitoring via smartphone for the IoT are demonstrated. The proposed method can be implemented for different types of polymers, thereby enabling the large‐scale fabrication of high‐performance TENGs in industrial applications.
Palladium‐Based Metallic Glass with High Thrombogenic Resistance for Blood‐Contacting Medical Devices
Authors: Cihova Martina , Müller Eike , Chandorkar Yashoda , Thorwarth Kerstin , Fortunato Giuseppino , Maniura‐Weber Katharina , Löffler Jörg F. , Rottmar Markus
Published: October 2021

Advancements in the design of mechanical blood circulatory devices have greatly improved patient survival rates, but currently employed metals still provoke a thrombosis response upon contact with blood, with potential life‐threatening consequences. While coating strategies have been developed to address this limitation, they possess inherent drawbacks such as susceptibility to crack formation and delamination. Herein, an amorphous metal based on palladium (Pd) is scrutinized and reveals substantial thrombogenic resistance compared to a state‐of‐the‐art titanium alloy. In vitro assessment with human whole blood shows that the Pd glass provokes reduced platelet activation (lower expression of CD62P, CD41/CD61) and greatly retarded fibrin formation, but pronounced platelet spreading therewith challenging the dogma that platelet spreading equals activation. Mechanistic analysis of the early biomaterial–blood interactions reveals that conformational changes of adhered fibrinogen, and modified αIIbβ3 integrin expression and distribution across adhered platelets, underlay the superior performance of Pd glass. The study is accompanied by structural and thermophysical bulk investigations and physicochemical surface characterization to link the materials properties with the observed blood response. The results reveal a remarkable potential of Pd‐based glass as direct blood‐contacting bulk material without the need for coating.
3D Bioprinting of Cell‐Laden Hydrogels for Improved Biological Functionality
Authors: Hull Sarah M. , Brunel Lucia G. , Heilshorn Sarah C.
Published: October 2021

The encapsulation of cells within gel‐phase materials to form bioinks offers distinct advantages for next‐generation 3D bioprinting. 3D bioprinting has emerged as a promising tool for patterning cells, but the technology remains limited in its ability to produce biofunctional, tissue‐like constructs due to a dearth of materials suitable for bioinks. While early demonstrations commonly used viscous polymers optimized for printability, these materials often lacked cell compatibility and biological functionality. In response, advanced materials that exist in the gel phase during the entire printing process are being developed, since hydrogels are uniquely positioned to both protect cells during extrusion and provide biological signals to embedded cells as the construct matures during culture. Here, an overview of the design considerations for gel‐phase materials as bioinks is presented, with a focus on their mechanical, biochemical, and dynamic gel properties. Current challenges and opportunities that arise due to the fact that bioprinted constructs are active, living hydrogels composed of both acellular and cellular components are also evaluated. Engineering hydrogels with consideration of cells as an intrinsic component of the printed bioink will enable control over the evolution of the living construct after printing to achieve greater biofunctionality.
A Versatile Light‐Triggered Radical‐Releasing Surface Coating Technology
Authors: Boase Nathan R.B. , Michalek Lukas , Hooker Jordan P. , Fairfull‐Smith Kathryn E.
Published: October 2021

Organic based redox active materials and coatings are increasingly being investigated as solutions for more efficient energy devices, catalysts, sensors, and biomedical technologies. Their advantage is negating the necessity for expensive and unsustainable rare earth metals seen in other redox active materials. Challenges to their wide‐spread usage remain, including versatility of coatings on a wide range of substrates, and creating smart devices that can respond to environmental stimuli. A new light responsive radical releasing redox coating has been developed, that can be rapidly and stably applied to a diverse range of substrates including silicon dioxide, plastics, and microparticles. These coatings rapidly cleave upon irradiation with UV‐A light to release stable nitroxides from the surface coating. These coatings are developed into microparticle sensors for radical oxygen species, which are able to detect the generation of free radicals in a model system for particulate matter pollution. These new responsive organic redox coatings also offer future potential to function as switchable organic electrodes, and biomedical surface coatings to prevent biofouling and reduce inflammation.
Cryptographic Strain‐Dependent Light Pattern Generators
Authors: D'Elia Francesca , Pisani Francesco , Tredicucci Alessandro , Pisignano Dario , Camposeo Andrea
Published: October 2021

Refractive freeform components are becoming increasingly relevant for generating controlled patterns of light, because of their capability to spatially modulate optical signals with high efficiency and low background. However, the use of these devices is still limited by difficulties in manufacturing macroscopic elements with complex, 3D surface reliefs. Here, 3D‐printed and stretchable magic windows generating light patterns by refraction are introduced. The shape and, consequently, the light texture achieved can be changed through controlled device strain. Cryptographic magic windows are demonstrated through exemplary light patterns, including micro‐QR‐codes, that are correctly projected and recognized upon strain gating while remaining cryptic for as‐produced devices. The light pattern of micro‐QR‐codes can also be projected by two coupled magic windows, with one of them acting as the decryption key. Such novel, freeform elements with 3D shape and tailored functionalities is relevant for applications in illumination design, smart labels, anti‐counterfeiting systems, and cryptographic communication.
Quasi‐2D CsPbBrxI3−x Composite Thin Films for Efficient and Stable Red Perovskite Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Liu Ping , Cai Wanqing , Zhao Cong , Zhang Siwei , Nie Pengbo , Xu Wenzhan , Meng Hong , Fu Hongyan , Wei Guodan
Published: October 2021

Remarkable progress has been achieved in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) . Both green and infrared PeLEDs with external quantum efficiencies (EQEs) of over 20% are successfully developed. However, the performance of pure red PeLEDs remains challenging. Numerous efforts are explored to tune red color emission for higher emission efficiencies, but it is still suffering operation instability. Here, high‐quality and luminescent quasi‐2D (CsPbBrxI3−x)/poly(2‐ethyl‐2‐oxazoline) (PEOXA) composite perovskite thin films are successfully fabricated via a one‐step method. Uniform and smooth perovskite thin films are obtained with photoluminescent quantum yield as high as 65% and emission is tuned from pure red to deep red (638–686 nm). Efficient PeLEDs with device structure of indium tin oxide/ZnMgO/quasi‐2D perovskite/Poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)‐benzidine] (Poly‐TPD)/MoO3/Ag have demonstrated a high EQE of 7.0% and pure red emission peak at 654 nm, with Commission Internationale de l'Éclairage coordinates of (0.703, 0.287). While the PeLEDs with an emission peak at 670 nm show a low turn‐on voltage of 1.6 V, maximum luminance of 1942 cd m−2, and maximum EQE of 9.1%. In addition, the PeLEDs achieve good spectral and operational stability with a record half‐lifetime (T50) of over 20 h at a high initial luminance of 100 cd m−2, demonstrating their good potential for display application.
An Elaborate New Linker System Significantly Enhances the Efficacy of an HER2‐Antibody‐Drug Conjugate against Refractory HER2‐Positive Cancers
Authors: Shin Seol Hwa , Park Yun‐Hee , Park Seok Soon , Ju Eun Jin , Park Jin , Ko Eun Jung , Bae Dong Jun , Kim Sang‐Yeob , Chung Chul‐Woong , Song Ho Young , Jang Se Jin , Jeong Seong‐Yun , Song Si Yeol , Choi Eun Kyung
Published: October 2021

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast and gastric cancers and this causes poor clinical outcomes. Although both T‐DM1 and Enhertu are approved as an HER2‐targeting antibody‐drug conjugate (ADC), the effects of these drugs are still not satisfactory to eradicate diverse tumors expressing HER2. To address this shortfall in HER2‐targeted therapeutics, an elaborate cleavable linker is created and a novel HER2‐targeting ADC composed with trastuzumab and monomethyl auristatin F, which is being investigated in a phase 1 clinical trial and is referred to as LegoChem Bisciences‐ADC (LCB‐ADC). LCB‐ADC displays a higher cytotoxic potency than T‐DM1 and it also has a higher G2/M arrest ratio. In animal studies, LCB‐ADC produces noticeable tumor growth inhibition compared with trastuzumab or T‐DM1 in an HER2 high‐expressing N87 xenograft tumor. Especially, LCB‐ADC shows good efficacy in terms of suppressing tumor growth in a patient‐derived xenograft (PDX) model of HER2‐positive gastric cancer as well as in T‐DM1‐resistant models such as HER2 low‐expressing HER2 low expressing JIMT‐1 xenograft tumor and PDX. Collectively, the results demonstrate that LCB‐ADC with the elaborate linker has a higher efficacy and greater biostability than its ADC counterparts and may successfully treat cancers that are nonresponsive to previous therapeutics.
Single‐Atom Ru Implanted on Co3O4 Nanosheets as Efficient Dual‐Catalyst for Li‐CO2 Batteries
Authors: Lian Zheng , Lu Youcai , Wang Chunzhi , Zhu Xiaodan , Ma Shiyu , Li Zhongjun , Liu Qingchao , Zang Shuangquan
Published: October 2021

Li‐CO2 battery has attracted extensive attention and research due to its super high theoretical energy density and its ability to fix greenhouse gas CO2. However, the slow reaction kinetics during discharge/charge seriously limits its development. Hence, a simple cation exchange strategy is developed to introduce Ru atoms onto a Co3O4 nanosheet array grown on carbon cloth (SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC) to prepare a single atom site catalyst (SASC) and successfully used in Li‐CO2 battery. Li‐CO2 batteries based on SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC cathode exhibit enhanced electrochemical performances including low overpotential, ultra high capacity, and long cycle life. Density functional theory calculations reveal that single atom Ru as the driving force center can significantly enhance the intrinsic affinity for key intermediates, thus enhancing the reaction kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction in Li‐CO2 batteries, and ultimately optimizing the growth pathway of discharge products. In addition, the Bader charge analysis indicates that Ru atoms as electron‐deficient centers can enhance the catalytic activity of SA Ru‐Co3O4/CC cathode for the CO2 evolution reaction. It is believed that this work has important implications for the development of new SASCs and the design of efficient catalyst for Li‐CO2 batteries.
Building Ohmic Contact Interfaces toward Ultrastable Zn Metal Anodes
Authors: Liu Huanyan , Wang Jian‐Gan , Hua Wei , Sun Huanhuan , Huyan Yu , Tian Shan , Hou Zhidong , Yang Junchang , Wei Chunguang , Kang Feiyu
Published: October 2021

Zn metal holds grand promise as the anodes of aqueous batteries for grid‐scale energy storage. However, the rampant zinc dendrite growth and severe surface side reactions significantly impede the commercial implementation. Herein, a universal Zn‐metal oxide Ohmic contact interface model is demonstrated for effectively improving Zn plating/stripping reversibility. The high work function difference between Zn and metal oxides enables the building of an interfacial anti‐blocking layer for dendrite‐free Zn deposition. Moreover, the metal oxide layer can function as a physical barrier to suppress the pernicious side reactions. Consequently, the proof‐of‐concept CeO2‐modified Zn anode delivers ultrastable durability of over 1300 h at 0.5–5 mA cm−2 and improved Coulombic efficiency, the feasibility of which is also evidenced in MoS2//Zn full cells. This study enriches the fundamental comprehension of Ohmic contact interfaces on the Zn deposition, which may shed light on the development of other metal battery anodes.
Impact of the Nuclear Envelope on Malignant Transformation, Motility, and Survival of Lung Cancer Cells
Authors: Stefanello Sílvio Terra , Luchtefeld Isabelle , Liashkovich Ivan , Pethö Zoltan , Azzam Ihab , Bulk Etmar , Rosso Gonzalo , Döhlinger Lilly , Hesse Bettina , Oeckinghaus Andrea , Shahin Victor
Published: October 2021

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) selectively mediate all nucleocytoplasmic transport and engage in fundamental cell‐physiological processes. It is hypothesized that NPCs are critical for malignant transformation and survival of lung cancer cells, and test the hypothesis in lowly and highly metastatic non‐small human lung cancer cells (NSCLCs). It is shown that malignant transformation is paralleled by an increased NPCs density, and a balanced pathological weakening of the physiological stringency of the NPC barrier. Pharmacological interference using barrier‐breaking compounds collapses the stringency. Concomitantly, it induces drastic overall structural changes of NSCLCs, terminating their migration. Moreover, the degree of malignancy is found to be paralleled by substantially decreased lamin A/C levels. The latter provides crucial structural and mechanical stability to the nucleus, and interacts with NPCs, cytoskeleton, and nucleoskeleton for cell maintenance, survival, and motility. The recent study reveals the physiological importance of the NPC barrier stringency for mechanical and structural resilience of normal cell nuclei. Hence, reduced lamin A/C levels in conjunction with controlled pathological weakening of the NPC barrier stringency may facilitate deformability of NSCLCs during the metastasis steps. Modulation of the NPC barrier presents a potential strategy for suppressing the malignant phenotype or enhancing the effectiveness of currently existing chemotherapeutics.
Room Temperature Insulator‐to‐Metal Transition of VO2/TiO2 Epitaxial Bilayer Films Grown on M‐plane Sapphire Substrates
Authors: Chen Binjie , Kim Gowoon , Cho Hai Jun , Ohta Hiromichi
Published: October 2021

Since the optoelectronic properties of VO2 are modulated around the critical temperature (Tc) of insulator‐to‐metal transition, VO2 is a promising candidate material for smart window. However, the Tc of bulk VO2 is rather high 341 K (68 °C) and therefore, needs to be decreased down to near temperature for practical applications. Although Tc can be reduced to room temperature if rutile TiO2 crystal is used as the substrate, it is not technologically viable for large‐scale applications because of the size limitation of available TiO2 crystal. Here, this work shows that the Tc can be reduced to near room temperature using M‐plane sapphire as the substrate. VO2/TiO2 bilayer films are fabricated with varied thicknesses on M‐plane sapphire [(100) α‐Al2O3] substrates. The 5.5‐nm‐thick VO2 film on 200‐nm‐thick TiO2 buffered sapphire substrate shows clear insulator‐to‐metal transition at ≈305 K (32 °C). It is also found that the insulator‐to‐metal transition is sensitive to the in‐plane lattice distortion, which induces carrier generation. The systematic study on the effect of in‐plane lattice distortion on the insulator‐to‐metal transition of VO2 will be useful for the practical application of VO2 as an active material of smart window.
The human factors of mineworker fatigue: An overview on prevalence, mitigation, and what's next
Authors: Bauerle Timothy J. , Sammarco John J. , Dugdale Zoë J. , Dawson Drew
Published: October 2021

Background

Though mining remains a vital shiftwork industry for U.S. commerce, problems of continued prevalence of mineworker fatigue and its mitigation persist. Publications and reports on fatigue in mining appear to be rich and diverse, yet variable and remote, much like the industry itself.

Methods

The authors engaged in a brief nonexhaustive overview of the literature on sleep and fatigue among mineworking populations.

Results

This overview covers: potential sources of fatigue unique to mine work (e.g., monotonous and disengaging Work Tasks, underground environments and light exposure, remote work operations); evaluation of mitigation strategies for mineworker fatigue or working hours (e.g., shift‐scheduling and training); and areas for future research and practice (e.g., fatigue risk management systems in mining, mineworker sleep and fatigue surveillance, lighting interventions, and automation).

Conclusions

Fatigue continues to be a critical challenge for the mining industry. While research on the problems and solutions of mineworker fatigue has been limited to date, the future of fatigue research in mining can expand these findings by exploring the origins, nature, and outcomes of fatigue using advancements in lighting, automation, and fatigue risk management.
Palladium/Xiao‐Phos‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of sec‐Phosphine Oxides by P‐Benzylation
Authors: Dai Qiang , Liu Lu , Zhang Junliang
Published: October 2021

P‐stereogenic tert‐ and sec‐phosphines have wide applications in asymmetric catalysis, materials, and pharmaceutical chemistry, however, their practical synthesis still constitutes a significant challenge. Herein, a successful kinetic resolution of rac‐secondary phosphine oxides via the enantioselective P‐benzylation process catalyzed by the palladium/Xiao‐Phos was designed. Both tert‐ and sec‐phosphine oxides were delivered in good yield and excellent enantiopurity (selectivity factor up to 226.1). The appealing synthetic utilities are further demonstrated by the facile preparation of several valuable P‐chiral compounds, precursors of bidentate ligands, as well as transition metal complexes.
Extended automated targeting model for total site integration
Authors: Kho Wan You , Foo Dominic C. Y.
Published: October 2021

Combined heat and power (CHP) scheme and total site integration (TSI) are good options to improve thermal efficiency for industrial plants. Apart from the reduction of energy cost, they help to promote environment sustainability, that is, reduced CO2 emission. In this work, an optimisation framework for CHP, that is, automated targeting model (ATM), was extended for total site integration (TSI). TSI allows the recovery of energy from multiple processes in an industrial site through a central utility system. In the extended ATM, binary variables were added to allow the determination of energy content at each steam level from the TSI scheme. This enables the automated selection of CHP equipment, for example, boiler and turbine, so to make optimal use of excess energy in a TSI scheme. This is the main novelty in this revised ATM. A dimethyl ether (DME) plant case study is used for illustration. Several scenarios were analysed for the CHP scheme in the DME plant, utilising the TSI concept, such as maximum cogeneration potential, minimum total annualised cost, and maximum total net savings.
Improve the compatibility and crystallization ability of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes and poly (ethylene terephthalate) by using transesterification method
Authors: Yin Yue , Meng Linghui
Published: October 2021

In the present study, an investigation was conducted on the effects of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) on the mechanical, morphological, and thermal properties of PET‐based nanocomposites. When the epoxy groups reacted with the PET end groups, the transesterification catalyst zinc acetylacetonate was introduced to facilitate the reaction between PET matrix and EPOSS. As clearly observed in the SEM image, 3 wt% POSS was added to PET matrix, the size of POSS particles was lower than 50 nm. As revealed from the EDX spectrum, the silicon signal was located in the EPOSS agglomerated particles and exhibited an even distribution in the entire PET matrix, which demonstrated a unique dispersion. Furthermore, it was reported that EPOSS exhibited nucleating agent performance, which suggested the higher temperature for melting crystallization (Up to 205.6°C while neat PET only reached 194.3°C). On the whole, EPOSS was revealed to act as a nucleating agent, whereas it could significantly facilitate the crystallization of PET by expediting the nucleation. Moreover, it could, to a certain extent, improve the mechanical properties of PET. These findings were attributable to the fact that PET and EPOSS exert a more comprehensive interface effect and a higher dispersion effect through the transesterification reaction.
Deposition of silicate coatings on poly(ethylene terephthalate) for improved scratch and solvent resistance
Authors: Castillo Gilbert A. , Dickey Michael D. , Gorman Christopher B. , Genzer Jan , Efimenko Kirill
Published: October 2021

The surface of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films crystallizes when exposed to a broad class of organic solvents (protic polar, aprotic polar, and non‐polar). This phenomenon leads to irreversible changes in transparency and mechanical properties. It also limits PET films and coatings in applications including electronics, medicine, packaging, and construction. This work describes a method to impart solvent resistance to the PET surface by depositing a silicate film. This coating enables many post‐functionalization options, including those that tune wettability or impart antifouling characteristics to the parent PET surface. It also endows PET surface resistance to organic solvent exposure without affecting the overall mechanical and optical properties of the PET. Additionally, the silicate layer improves the scratch resistance of PET surfaces.
Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel (E)‐N'‐(3‐allyl‐2‐hydroxy)benzylidene‐2‐(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazides as antitumor agents
Authors: Dung Do T. M. , Park Eun J. , Anh Duong T. , Hai Pham‐The , Huy Le D. , Jun Hye W. , Kwon Joo‐Hee , Young Ji A. , Kang Jong S. , Tung Truong T. , Dung Phan T. P. , Han Sang‐Bae , Nam Nguyen‐Hai
Published: October 2021

In our continuing search for novel small‐molecule anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel (E)‐N'‐(3‐allyl‐2‐hydroxy)benzylidene‐2‐(4‐oxoquinazolin‐3(4H)‐yl)acetohydrazides (5), focusing on the modification of substitution in the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐one moiety. The biological evaluation showed that all 13 designed and synthesized compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon cancer; PC‐3, prostate cancer; NCI‐H23, lung cancer). The most potent compound 5l displayed cytotoxicity up to 213‐fold more potent than 5‐fluorouracil and 87‐fold more potent than PAC‐1, the first procaspase‐activating compound. Structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that substitution of either electron‐withdrawing or electron‐releasing groups at positions 6 or 7 on the quinazolin‐4(3H)‐4‐one moiety increased the cytotoxicity of the compounds, but substitution at position 6 seemed to be more favorable. In the caspase activation assay, compound 5l was found to activate the caspase activity by 291% in comparison to PAC‐1, which was used as a control. Further docking simulation also revealed that this compound may be a potent allosteric inhibitor of procaspase‐3 through chelation of the inhibitory zinc ion. Physicochemical and ADMET calculations for 5l provided useful information of its suitable absorption profile and some toxicological effects that need further optimization to be developed as a promising anticancer agent.
Scalable multi‐agent formation control under switching leader–follower directed graph
Authors: Djamari Djati Wibowo , Nurprasetio Ignatius Pulung , Veza Ibham , Triawan Farid , Budiman Bentang Arief
Published: October 2021

This work considers formation control of single integrator agents interconnected under switching leader–follower network, where the size of the formation is scalable via a scaling factor determined by a leader agent. Past works on scalable formation are limited to the case where the communication network is considered to be fixed. This work proposes a new distributed algorithm for scalable formation problem that works under a switching network. The scaling is based on the location of the origin of the formation which can be adjusted by the leader agent. In addition, agents move together along a center path where the offset of the center path can also be adjusted by the leader agent. Numerical examples are shown to illustrate the proposed approach.
The gamma‐ray emission from young radio galaxies and quasars
Authors: Principe Giacomo , Di Venere Leonardo , Migliori Giulia , Orienti Monica , D'Ammando Filippo ,   the Fermi‐LAT Collaboration
Published: October 2021

According to radiative models, radio galaxies are predicted to produce γ‐rays from the earliest stages of their evolution onwards. The study of the high‐energy emission from young radio sources is crucial for providing information on the most energetic processes associated with these sources, the actual region responsible for this emission, as well as the structure of the newly born radio jets. Despite systematic searches for young radio sources at γ‐ray energies, only a handful of detections have been reported so far. Taking advantage of more than 11 years of Fermi‐large area telescope (LAT) data, we investigate the γ‐ray emission of 162 young radio sources (103 galaxies and 59 quasars), the largest sample of young radio sources used so far for a γ‐ray study. We analyzed the Fermi‐LAT data of each source separately to search for a significant detection. In addition, we performed the first stacking analysis of this class of sources in order to investigate the γ‐ray emission of the young radio sources that are undetected at high energies. In this note, we present the results of our study and we discuss their implications for the predictions of γ‐ray emission from this class of sources.