bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La humanización y su impacto en el sistema de gestión de la calidad del Hospital de Fontibón en Bogotá
Authors: Gaitan Gelvez Ericka Trinidad , Flórez Gutiérrez Sonia Luz
Published: June 2016

Dada la importancia de los servicios de urgencias de salud en Bogotá y el impacto que tiene el tema de la humanización en los sistemas de gestión de la calidad, en este trabajo se investiga la implementación de la humanización en el Hospital de Fontibón, según lo propuesto en el Plan de Desarrollo “Bogotá Humana 2012-2016”, en el Plan Territorial de Salud “Bogotá Distrito Capital 2012 - 2016”, así como en el Programa de Humanización desarrollado por la Secretaría Distrital de Salud. Los datos son obtenidos a través de entrevistas directas con la alta dirección y mediante encuestas al personal asistencial y a los usuarios. A partir de los resultados obtenidos se definen lineamientos estratégicos que se presentan a la Entidad, con el fin de materializarlos en acciones para mejorar la atención a los usuarios que acuden al servicio de urgencias.
Breast Milk Consumption in Preterm Neonates and Cardiac Shape in Adulthood
Authors: Lewandowski Adam J. , Lamata Pablo , Francis Jane M. , Piechnik Stefan K. , Ferreira Vanessa M. , Boardman Henry , Neubauer Stefan , Singhal Atul , Leeson Paul , Lucas Alan
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Preterm birth relates to long-term alterations in cardiac morphology and function. Understanding whether preterm postnatal life is a tractable period of cardiovascular development that can be positively altered by nutrition is relevant to long-term outcomes. We hypothesized that being fed human breast milk during early postnatal life is beneficial to long-term cardiac structure and function in preterm-born individuals compared with infant formulas.

METHODS:

A total of 926 preterm-born infants originally took part in a randomized controlled trial of postnatal milk-feeding regimens between 1982 and 1985 across 5 different UK centers. Preterm-born individuals were randomly assigned to either breast milk donated by unrelated lactating women or nutrient-enriched formulas. We followed 102 individuals from this cohort: 30 of whom had been randomized to being fed exclusively human milk and 16 to being fed exclusively formula. As a comparison group, we recruited an additional 102 individuals born term to uncomplicated pregnancies. Cardiac morphology and function were assessed by MRI.

RESULTS:

Preterm-born individuals fed exclusively human milk as infants had increased left and right ventricular end-diastolic volume index (+9.73%, P = .04 and +18.2%, P < .001) and stroke volume index (+9.79%, P = .05 and +22.1%, P = .01) compared with preterm-born individuals who were exclusively formula fed as infants.

CONCLUSIONS:

This study provides the first evidence of a beneficial association between breast milk and cardiac morphology and function in adult life in those born preterm and supports promotion of human milk for the care of preterm infants to reduce long-term cardiovascular risk.
Evaluación de la diversidad y patrones de distribución de Passiflora subgénero Astrophea (Passifloraceae) en Colombia. Un reto para la investigación taxonómica, florística y de conservación de las especies
Authors: Aguirre-Morales Adriana Carolina , Bonilla Morales Miguel Macgayver , Caetano Creucí Maria
Published: June 2016

Passiflora con ca. 575 especies es el género más rico de Passifloraceae cuyo centro de diversidad está en Colombia y Ecuador. Éste se divide en cinco subgéneros, entre estos Astrophea agrupa las especies arborescentes y leñosas. El propósito de la investigación fue conocer la diversidad y estado de conservación de especies del subgénero Astrophea para Colombia, sumando aspectos de distribución actual y potencial. Por lo anterior, se revisaron colecciones de herbarios nacionales e internacionales y literatura científica, complementando con colectas de campo. Los resultados fueron analizados con Excel© y los mapas obtenidos mediante Diva-GIS©, además los criterios de la IUCN se aplicaron para cada especie. Se registraron 375 observaciones, agrupadas en 24 especies y distribuidas en 28 departamentos, a lo largo de los valles interandinos del río Cauca y Magdalena. La distribución potencial, sugiere nichos asociados a las regiones de Amazonía y Orinoquía; bioregiones con amplios vacíos de colecta ubicadas dentro de las preferencias de distribución por rango altitudinal de las especies (0-500 m.s.n.m.). Las áreas con mayor riqueza son el centro occidente y nororiente del país con más de siete especies por zona. Pese a esto, el 80% de las especies están por fuera de áreas protegidas, lo que se agrava bajo los criterios de la IUCN, pues el 46% presentan algún grado de amenaza, además del alto porcentaje de endemismo (37,5%). Once especies son incluidas como nuevos reportes para 14 departamentos. Esfuerzos de colecta deben orientarse en las regiones de distribución potencial que poseen condiciones bioclimáticas óptimas para el desarrollo de las especies.
Nachweis von Testudinid-Herpesvirus Typ 4 bei einer Pantherschildkröte (Stigmochelys pardalis)
Authors: Kolesnik Ekaterina , Mittenzwei Frank , Marschang Rachel E.
Published: June 2016

In einem Schildkrötenbestand aus Deutschland verstarben mehrere Tiere plötzlich. Einige Pantherschildkröten (Stigmochelys pardalis) aus dem Bestand zeigten respiratorische Symptome. In den von einer erkrankten Schildkröte entnommenen Proben konnten mittels PCR Mykoplasmen und ein Herpesvirus nachgewiesen werden. Die Sequenzierung eines Teils des DNA-Polymerase-Gens des Herpesvirus ergab eine 99%ige Übereinstimmung mit dem Testudinid-Herpesvirus Typ 4, das bisher nur einmal bei einer Afrikanischen Schnabelbrustschildkröte (Chersina angulata) in den USA nachgewiesen wurde.
A Course on Acute Pain Management for Nurses: An Endeavour to Improve Acute Pain Relief in a Developing Country
Authors: Ahmed Aliya , Khan Robyna , Yasir Muhammad , Siddiqui Sarfraz , Abbasi Shemila , Asad Vaiz , Kerai Rozina , Aamir Riffat , Afshan Gauhar
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Inadequate acute pain relief is a significant healthcare problem. In developing countries acute pain services are still few in number, mainly due to insufficient resources. Adequately trained nurses can play a pivotal role in provision of pain management services. Method: A 5-day course was conducted for 30 nurses involved in care of surgical patients at six tertiary care hospitals as a first step towards development of anaesthesia-supervised nurse-based acute pain services in the participating hospitals. Teaching methodologies included lectures, problem-based discussions, workshops, and practicums. Pre and post-tests were conducted. A telephonic interview of the participants was conducted one year after the course. Results: The overall rating given to the course was 4.35 on the scale of 5. All nurses affirmed that they experienced a change in their practice after attending the course. Pain assessment is now performed routinely by them while recording vital signs and they are able to assess and manage side effects of pain medication in a more effective manner. All participants are involved in informal teaching of their peers. Conclusion: Similar courses need to be conducted on a regular basis to strengthen the workforce and improve the effectiveness of acute pain management in developing countries.
Educational needs for palliative care of Italian undergraduate students
Authors: Tosetti Cesare , Zocchi Donato , Balduzzi Antonio , Ermini Giuliano , Marzo Carla , Rubini Stefano , Speziali Pietro , Bagnoli Luigi , Salera Marcello
Published: June 2016

This article was migrated. The article was not marked as recommended. Background. Since most of the clinical training is carried out within the academic departments, the future physicians may not feel prepared to deal with clinical situations typical of primary care.Aim of the study was to evaluate how students of the last year of course of the School of Medicine assess their level of professional autonomy with respect to different clinical situations of primary care. Methods. Anonymous questionnaire about ten primary care clinical cases. The students were required to self-assess the degree of preparation for an autonomous treatment for each clinical case on a scale of four levels. Results. In 124 questionnaires the percentage of students who claim to be able to manage the various clinical situations in full autonomy or with a limited specialist integration varies from 54% and 90% with the exception of the scenario "palliative care" (14%). Conclusions. Students, who are at the end of their course of study feel poorly adequate to deal with the settings of palliative care, a problem that has not been considered sufficiently during their training experience. Direct experience in various setting represents an essential component for an all-round training.
Montreal, Quebec and Canada in the Americas?
Authors: Barsky Robert F
Published: June 2016

An introduction to the special issue on Quebec and Canada in the Americas, and a reflection upon the nature of the open journal format in an age of irresponsibility.
Diffusion of bisphenol-A (BPA) through an HDPE geomembrane
Authors: Saheli P. T. , Rowe R. K. , Rutter A.
Published: June 2016

Partitioning and diffusion experiments performed on bisphenol A (BPA) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane are reported. The tests indicate no measurable partitioning to the geomembrane and an estimated upper bound permeation coefficient is 3 × 10−15 m2/s. This low value of permeation coefficient suggests that an HDPE geomembrane will be a very effective diffusive barrier for BPA for the conditions examined. Partitioning tests on BPA in a mixture with 12 other phenolic compounds did not show any measurable change in partitioning of BPA to the geomembrane due to the presence of the other compounds. The partitioning coefficients for phenolic compounds examined range from 0.61 for 2-methylphenol to 31 for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and the diffusion coefficients ranged from 9.3 × 10−15 m2/s for 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol and pentachlorophenol to 9.3 × 10−14 m2/s for 2- methylphenol.
Low–Energy Shockwave Therapy Improves Ischemic Kidney Microcirculation
Authors: Zhang Xin , Krier James D. , Amador Carrascal Carolina , Greenleaf James F. , Ebrahimi Behzad , Hedayat Ahmad F. , Textor Stephen C. , Lerman Amir , Lerman Lilach O.
Published: June 2016

Microvascular rarefaction distal to renal artery stenosis is linked to renal dysfunction and poor outcomes. Low–energy shockwave therapy stimulates angiogenesis, but the effect on the kidney microvasculature is unknown. We hypothesized that low–energy shockwave therapy would restore the microcirculation and alleviate renal dysfunction in renovascular disease. Normal pigs and pigs subjected to 3 weeks of renal artery stenosis were treated with six sessions of low–energy shockwave (biweekly for 3 consecutive weeks) or left untreated. We assessed BP, urinary protein, stenotic renal blood flow, GFR, microvascular structure, and oxygenation in vivo 4 weeks after completion of treatment, and then, we assessed expression of angiogenic factors and mechanotransducers (focal adhesion kinase and β1-integrin) ex vivo. A 3-week low–energy shockwave regimen attenuated renovascular hypertension, normalized stenotic kidney microvascular density and oxygenation, stabilized function, and alleviated fibrosis in pigs subjected to renal artery stenosis. These effects associated with elevated renal expression of angiogenic factors and mechanotransducers, particularly in proximal tubular cells. In additional pigs with prolonged (6 weeks) renal artery stenosis, shockwave therapy also decreased BP and improved GFR, microvascular density, and oxygenation in the stenotic kidney. This shockwave regimen did not cause detectable kidney injury in normal pigs. In conclusion, low–energy shockwave therapy improves stenotic kidney function, likely in part by mechanotransduction-mediated expression of angiogenic factors in proximal tubular cells, and it may ameliorate renovascular hypertension. Low–energy shockwave therapy may serve as a novel noninvasive intervention in the management of renovascular disease.
G Protein–Coupled Receptor-G–Protein βγ–Subunit Signaling Mediates Renal Dysfunction and Fibrosis in Heart Failure
Authors: Kamal Fadia A. , Travers Joshua G. , Schafer Allison E. , Ma Qing , Devarajan Prasad , Blaxall Burns C.
Published: June 2016

Development of CKD secondary to chronic heart failure (CHF), known as cardiorenal syndrome type 2 (CRS2), clinically associates with organ failure and reduced survival. Heart and kidney damage in CRS2 results predominantly from chronic stimulation of G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs), including adrenergic and endothelin (ET) receptors, after elevated neurohormonal signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the downstream ET system, respectively. Although we and others have shown that chronic GPCR stimulation and the consequent upregulated interaction between the G–proteinβγ–subunit (Gβγ), GPCR-kinase 2, andβ-arrestin are central to various cardiovascular diseases, the role of such alterations in kidney diseases remains largely unknown. We investigated the possible salutary effect of renal GPCR–Gβγinhibition in CKD developed in a clinically relevant murine model of nonischemic hypertrophic CHF, transverse aortic constriction (TAC). By 12 weeks after TAC, mice developed CKD secondary to CHF associated with elevated renal GPCR–Gβγsignaling and ET system expression. Notably, systemic pharmacologic Gβγinhibition by gallein, which we previously showed alleviates CHF in this model, attenuated these pathologic renal changes. To investigate a direct effect of gallein on the kidney, we used a bilateral ischemia-reperfusion AKI mouse model, in which gallein attenuated renal dysfunction, tissue damage, fibrosis, inflammation, and ET system activation. Furthermore,in vitrostudies showed a key role for ET receptor–Gβγsignaling in pathologic fibroblast activation. Overall, our data support a direct role for GPCR-Gβγin AKI and suggest GPCR-Gβγinhibition as a novel therapeutic approach for treating CRS2 and AKI.
mTOR Regulates Endocytosis and Nutrient Transport in Proximal Tubular Cells
Authors: Grahammer Florian , Ramakrishnan Suresh K. , Rinschen Markus M. , Larionov Alexey A. , Syed Maryam , Khatib Hazim , Roerden Malte , Sass Jörn Oliver , Helmstaedter Martin , Osenberg Dorothea , Kühne Lucas , Kretz Oliver , Wanner Nicola , Jouret Francois , Benzing Thomas , Artunc Ferruh , Huber Tobias B. , Theilig Franziska
Published: June 2016

Renal proximal tubular cells constantly recycle nutrients to ensure minimal loss of vital substrates into the urine. Although most of the transport mechanisms have been discovered at the molecular level, little is known about the factors regulating these processes. Here, we show that mTORC1 and mTORC2 specifically and synergistically regulate PTC endocytosis and transport processes. Using a conditional mouse genetic approach to disable nonredundant subunits of mTORC1, mTORC2, or both, we showed that mice lacking mTORC1 or mTORC1/mTORC2 but not mTORC2 alone develop a Fanconi-like syndrome of glucosuria, phosphaturia, aminoaciduria, low molecular weight proteinuria, and albuminuria. Interestingly, proteomics and phosphoproteomics of freshly isolated kidney cortex identified either reduced expression or loss of phosphorylation at critical residues of different classes of specific transport proteins. Functionally, this resulted in reduced nutrient transport and a profound perturbation of the endocytic machinery, despite preserved absolute expression of the main scavenger receptors, MEGALIN and CUBILIN. Our findings highlight a novel mTOR–dependent regulatory network for nutrient transport in renal proximal tubular cells.
Novel Type of Renal Amyloidosis Derived from Apolipoprotein-CII
Authors: Nasr Samih H. , Dasari Surendra , Hasadsri Linda , Theis Jason D. , Vrana Julie A. , Gertz Morie A. , Muppa Prasuna , Zimmermann Michael T. , Grogg Karen L. , Dispenzieri Angela , Sethi Sanjeev , Highsmith W. Edward , Merlini Giampaolo , Leung Nelson , Kurtin Paul J.
Published: June 2016

Amyloidosis is characterized by extracellular deposition of misfolded proteins as insoluble fibrils. Most renal amyloidosis cases are Ig light chain, AA, or leukocyte chemotactic factor 2 amyloidosis, but rare hereditary forms can also involve the kidneys. Here, we describe the case of a 61-year-old woman who presented with nephrotic syndrome and renal impairment. Examination of the renal biopsy specimen revealed amyloidosis with predominant involvement of glomeruli and medullary interstitium. Proteomic analysis of Congo red–positive deposits detected large amounts of the Apo-CII protein. DNA sequencing of the APOC2 gene in the patient and one of her children detected a heterozygous c.206A→T transition, causing an E69V missense mutation. We also detected the mutant peptide in the proband’s renal amyloid deposits. Using proteomics, we identified seven additional elderly patients with Apo-CII–rich amyloid deposits, all of whom had kidney involvement and histologically exhibited nodular glomerular involvement. Although prior in vitro studies have shown that Apo-CII can form amyloid fibrils and that certain mutations in this protein promote amyloid fibrillogenesis, there are no reports of this type of amyloidosis in humans. We propose that this study reveals a new form of hereditary amyloidosis (AApoCII) that is derived from the Apo-CII protein and appears to manifest in the elderly and preferentially affect the kidneys.
Genome-Wide Gene Expression Profiling of Randall’s Plaques in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formers
Authors: Taguchi Kazumi , Hamamoto Shuzo , Okada Atsushi , Unno Rei , Kamisawa Hideyuki , Naiki Taku , Ando Ryosuke , Mizuno Kentaro , Kawai Noriyasu , Tozawa Keiichi , Kohri Kenjiro , Yasui Takahiro
Published: June 2016

Randall plaques (RPs) can contribute to the formation of idiopathic calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stones; however, genes related to RP formation have not been identified. We previously reported the potential therapeutic role of osteopontin (OPN) and macrophages in CaOx kidney stone formation, discovered using genome-recombined mice and genome-wide analyses. Here, to characterize the genetic pathogenesis of RPs, we used microarrays and immunohistology to compare gene expression among renal papillary RP and non-RP tissues of 23 CaOx stone formers (SFs) (age- and sex-matched) and normal papillary tissue of seven controls. Transmission electron microscopy showed OPN and collagen expression inside and around RPs, respectively. Cluster analysis revealed that the papillary gene expression of CaOx SFs differed significantly from that of controls. Disease and function analysis of gene expression revealed activation of cellular hyperpolarization, reproductive development, and molecular transport in papillary tissue from RPs and non-RP regions of CaOx SFs. Compared with non-RP tissue, RP tissue showed upregulation (˃2-fold) of LCN2, IL11, PTGS1, GPX3, and MMD and downregulation (0.5-fold) of SLC12A1 and NALCN (P<0.01). In network and toxicity analyses, these genes associated with activated mitogen-activated protein kinase, the Akt/phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway, and proinflammatory cytokines that cause renal injury and oxidative stress. Additionally, expression of proinflammatory cytokines, numbers of immune cells, and cellular apoptosis increased in RP tissue. This study establishes an association between genes related to renal dysfunction, proinflammation, oxidative stress, and ion transport and RP development in CaOx SFs.
La industria farmacéutica ante la demanda de responsabilidad social corporativa
Authors: Pérez Carmen Caba , Haro de Rosario Arturo , Saraite Laura , Gálvez Rodríguez María Mar
Published: June 2016

En los últimos años ha aumentado el interés por la responsabilidad social corporativa (RSC) en la industria farmacéutica. Esto se debe a su impacto en la calidad de vida de la sociedad, junto con las críticas recibidas en relación con los intereses económicos de la industria.

Desde un contexto español, este artículo tiene un doble objetivo. En primer lugar, analizar la información que publican las empresas farmacéuticas en sus informes de sostenibilidad. En segundo lugar, examinar factores determinantes de la divulgación de información sobre RSC que realizan estas empresas. Los resultados obtenidos indican que, en España, las empresas farmacéuticas se muestran muy comprometidas con el desarrollo económico sostenible, especialmente en el caso de las farmacéuticas más rentables, con más experiencia, y que elaboran sus informes de sostenibilidad conforme a la Global Reporting Initiative.
FISIOTERAPIA NA FLEXIBILIDADE DO OMBRO PÓS CIRURGIA DE CÂNCER DE MAMA: REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Pinheiro Bianca Dantas Martins , Roma Marcela Augusta De Moura , Fonseca Erika Pedreira da , Souza Daniele Costa Borges , Gomes Neto Mansueto , Reis Helena França Correia dos
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: sintetizar as principais evidências científicas relativas à eficácia da fisioterapia na amplitude de movimento de ombro em pacientes submetidas à cirurgia de câncer de mama. Metodologia: A pesquisa foi realizada a partir de um protocolo pré-determinado nas bases de dados PubMed/Medline e Bireme, utilizando os descritores: mastectomia, cirurgia de câncer de mama, amplitude de movimento articular, exercício, terapia por exercício, técnica de exercício e de movimento e fisioterapia, assim como seus correlatos na língua inglesa, através das combinações dos operadores booleanos (AND e OR), sem delimitação de tempo e idioma. A avaliação da qualidade metodológica e do risco de viés dos artigos foi de acordo com a Cochrane Collaboration. Resultados: Foram encontrados 193 artigos na busca primária. A partir de oito artigos selecionados, verificou-se que existem recursos fisioterapêuticos para melhorar a amplitude de movimento do ombro em mulheres que foram submetidas à cirurgia de câncer de mama. Conclusão: A evidência consultada nesta revisão sistemática sugere que a fisioterapia é eficaz na recuperação da amplitude de movimento do ombro no pós-operatório de cirurgia de câncer de mama.
CORRENTE INTERFERENCIAL NA DOR MUSCULAR DE INÍCIO TARDIA
Authors: Franzes Dayane Batista , Schäfer Jamile Irene , Vieira Vanessa Cristina , Karvat Jhenifer , De Carvalho Alberito Rodrigo , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: avaliar o uso da corrente interferencial, sobre o tríceps sural de voluntários, com dor muscular de início tardio, por meio da escala visual analógica (EVA) e pela pressão local. Métodos: foram recrutados 14 indivíduos saudáveis e sedentários, os quais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em Grupo Placebo e Grupo Experimental. Para avaliação da dor foi utilizada a EVA e um Algômetro de pressão, em 8 momentos (AV1-8) ao longo de 4 dias de intervenção (1º dia exercício, 1º-4º dias eletroestimulação), sempre pré e pós terapia. Visando promover a DMIT, os participantes realizaram movimentos concêntricos e excêntricos de planti e dorsiflexão sobre um degrau de 20 cm de altura. Para a realização da eletroestimulação, os eletrodos foram posicionados no ventre no músculo gastrocnêmio lateral e outro no ventre do músculo gastrocnêmio medial, sendo aplicada durante 20 minutos, em intensidade forte, porém confortável, com frequência base de 4 kHz, na forma bipolar e com frequência modulada pela amplitude (AMF) de 100Hz. Resultados: houve diferenças intragrupos, AV1 do grupo placebo foi diferente de todas as seguintes, já para o grupo experimental AV1 não foi diferente de AV8. Na comparação entre os grupos houve diferenças significativas: em AV3, AV4, AV6 e AV8. Na avaliação da dor à pressão houve diferença estatística intragrupo, apenas para o placebo, sendo que AV3 mostrou-se menor do que AV7. Conclusão: a corrente interferencial foi eficaz para a redução da sensação de dor muscular de início tardio.
TREINAMENTO MUSCULAR INSPIRATÓRIO NO AMBIENTE HOSPITALAR: PROTOCOLO PARA UM ENSAIO CLÍNICO RANDOMIZADO
Authors: Nepomuceno Júnior Balbino Rivail Ventura , Gomes-Neto Mansueto
Published: June 2016

Introdução: O internamento hospitalar prolongado diminui a capacidade funcional e pode impactar negativamente no tempo de permanência hospitalar, na taxa de intubação endotraqueal e de morbi-mortalidade. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia e segurança do TMI na prevenção e tratamento de complicações em pacientes com fatores de risco para internação hospitalar prolongada. Métodos: Este estudo propõe, um ensaio clínico randomizado, triplo cego (paciente-avaliador-analista) com TMI e fisioterapia em comparação com grupo SHAM para TMI e fisioterapia. O grupo TMI realizará o treinamento com carga imposta aproximada de 50% da pressão inspiratória máxima (Pimax),por 30 incursões, duas vezes ao dia, sete dias por semana. O grupo SHAM, realizará o mesmo protocolo de treinamento, sem carga. A força muscular respiratória e periférica, assim como a capacidade funcional e os eventos adversos também serão variáveis observadas. Discussão: A adoção de medidas terapêuticas preventivas parecer ser factível na manutenção do status funcional e redução de complicações relacionadas à hospitalização prolongada. Mesmo diante da perspectiva encorajadora, gerada pelos dados preliminares desta pesquisa, serão necessários futuros estudos, multicêntricos e com amostra maiores.
EQUATOR NETWORK PUBLICA RECURSOS ESSENCIAIS EM PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Barreto João de Deus , Nunes Sá Katia , Carvalho Costa Dias Cristiane Maria
Published: June 2016

Acesso:
Assessment of knowledge and practice towards birth preparedness and complication readiness among women in Northern Ghana: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Affipunguh Pius Kaba , Laar Alexander Suuk
Published: June 2016

Background: The principle and practice of birth preparedness and complication readiness (BP&CR) in resource-poor settings have the potential of reducing maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to assess BP and CR among pregnant women and women who gave birth in the12 months preceding the study and the socio-demographic factors affecting BP and CR.

Methods: The study was a health facility-based cross-sectional survey using pre-tested and structured questionnaires to gather data among 422 currently pregnant women and women who gave birth in the 12 months preceding the study and attending antenatal or postnatal care in health facilities in the Kassena-Nankana Districts in Northern Ghana. Data were analysed using State version 10.

Results: For the 422 respondents, 50% were rural and 50% urban residents. Having at least a primary education and living in a rural area were significantly associated with birth preparedness plan (BPP) (P = 0.044) and (P = 0.007). There was no association between age group, occupation, marital status and religion to BPP (P=0.907), (P=0.397), (P=0.573) and (P=0.564) respectively. The study also revealed that identification of a potential blood donor and a skilled birth attendant were not considered crucial by the respondents.
Conclusions: The study identified poor knowledge and practices of identification of a potential blood donor and skilled birth attendant preparation for birth preparedness and its complication in the study area. Antenatal care education should place emphasis on birth preparedness and complication readiness to improve access to skilled and emergency obstetric care.
Living With Maternal HIV: Spirituality, Depression, And Family Functioning
Authors: Asby Aisha T. , Heads Angela M. Bowman , Dickson Joseph W.
Published: June 2016

Risk factors such as depression and low SES often affect an HIV infected mother’s ability to function within her family. Spirituality may interact with such risk factors contributing to the resiliency of these mothers. The current study explored spirituality’s influence on the relationship between depression and perceptions of family functioning in African American women living with HIV. High levels of spirituality were associated with decreased psychological distress and spirituality served as a significant predictor of family cohesion. Findings from this study support the importance of spirituality in the lives of African American women living with HIV and their families.
What Geoscience Experts And Novices Look At, And What They See, When Viewing Data Visualizations
Authors: Kastens Kim A. , Shipley Thomas F. , Boone Alexander P. , Straccia Frances
Published: June 2016

This study examines how geoscience experts and novices make meaning from an iconic type of data visualization: shaded relief images of bathymetry and topography.  Participants examined, described, and interpreted a global image, two high-resolution seafloor images, and 2 high-resolution continental images, while having their gaze direction eye-tracked and their utterances and gestures videoed. In addition, experts were asked about how they would coach an undergraduate intern on how to interpret this data.  Not unexpectedly, all experts were more skillful than any of the novices at describing and explaining what they were seeing.  However, the novices showed a wide range of performance.  Along the continuum from weakest novice to strongest expert, proficiency developed in the following order: making qualitative observations of salient features, making simple interpretations, making quantitative observations.  The eye-tracking analysis examined how the experts and novices invested 20 seconds of unguided exploration, after the image came into view but before the researcher began to ask questions.  On the cartographic elements of the images, experts and novices allocated their exploration time differently:  experts invested proportionately more fixations on the latitude and longitude axes, while students paid more attention to the color bar.  In contrast, within the parts of the image showing the actual geomorphological data, experts and novices on average allocated their attention similarly, attending preferentially to the geologically significant landforms.   Combining their spoken responses with their eye-tracking behavior, we conclude that the experts and novices are looking in the same places but “seeing” different things.
Viticultural terroirs in Stellenbosch, South Africa. III. Spatialisation of vinicultural and oenological potential for Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon Blanc by means of a preliminary model
Authors: Carey Victoria Anne , Archer Eben , Barbeau Gérard , Saayman Dawid
Published: June 2016

Aims: Identification and characterisation of terroirs depends on knowledge of environmental parameters, functioning of the grapevine and characteristics of the final product. Field studies, resulting in point data, are necessary to investigate the functioning of the grapevine but in order for this information to be of use within zoning studies it must be placed in a spatial context.

Methods and results: A knowledge-driven model used the rules generated in regression tree analyses to directly classify natural terroir units with respect to expected response of Cabernet-Sauvignon and Sauvignon blanc in the Stellenbosch Wine of Origin District. The natural terroir units were then grouped into terroir units that were homogenous with respect to predicted response of selected viticultural and oenological variables for each studied cultivar.

Conclusions: The use of regression tree methodology (CART analyses) enabled the definition of decision trees for spatialisation of this data. Each natural terroir unit could be evaluated with respect to its potential viticultural and oenological response and thus grouped to identify terroir units.

Significance and impact of the study: The identified terroir units can only be considered preliminary but the methodology used has promising implications for different scales of study.
Microsatellite marker analysis of macedonian grapevines (Vitis vinifera L.) compared to Bulgarian and Greek cultivars
Authors: Stajner Natasa , Angelova Elizabeta , Bozinovic Zvonimir , Petkov Mihail , Javornik Branka
Published: June 2016

Aims: Eleven Macedonian grapevine accessions were genotyped by microsatellite profiling at 9 microsatellite loci, in order to identify Macedonian cultivars and to evaluate the relationships among them. The comparison with grapevine cultivars from two neighbouring countries was also performed.

Methods and results: Clustering analyses based on the proportion of shared alleles resulted in two clusters containing all accessions except cultivar « Vranec », which was distant from the others. Comparison of genotyping results of Macedonian accessions with 76 Bulgarian and 298 Greek accessions revealed no identical genotypes. In the dendogram, Macedonian accessions are dispersed among Greek and Bulgarian grapevines, suggesting a common genetic background. Additionaly, the synonyms « Smederevka » = « Dimyat » = « Zoumiatiko » and « Belo Zimsko » = « Karatsova Naousis » were also evaluated.

Conclusions: Clustering analyses showed that authentic Macedonian cultivars are distant from two widespread cultivars « Vranec » and « Smederevka ». Comparison of Macedonian cultivars with their synonyms from Greece and Bulgaria revealed differences in allelic profiles at some loci, but further analyses are needed to confirm their unique allelic profiles.

Significance and impact of study: This work is a first step towards the genetic characterization of Macedonian grapevine germplasm, thus contributing to the molecular investigation of grapevine germplasm within the Balkan region.
Uji Ketahanan beberapa Varietas Unggul Jagung terhadap Penyakit Gibberella dan Diplodia
Authors: Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih
Published: June 2016

Gibberella and Diplodia ear rot is a disease that can damage the corn cobs and corn kernels resulting in lower quality and quantity of seed. The objective of the research are to find the varieties of corn which are resistant  the ear  rot disease Gibberella and Diplodia. This study was conducted in Limang Karo regency, North Sumatera, a randomized block design with three replications, each treatment comprised 4 rows and each row contained 25 plants with a spacing of 75 x 20 cm. The results showed 25 Hybrid maize tested against Gibberella ear rot there are 7 Hybrid corn hybrids that are resistant to ear rot  Kenia-2, NK33, Bima 3, Bima 10 Bima 12 Q, NEI-9008 and X8B649 (check resistance) and moderately resistance there are 9 hybrid that Kenia-3, DK979, NK22, P12, Gumarang, Srikandi putih, Lamuru and Sukmaraga  and 9 hybrid to ear rot disease were reacted susceptible and highly susceptible. Whereas from 25 Hybrid maize tested against Diplodia ear rot there are 6 Hybrid corn hybrids resistant to ear rot disease is Kenia - 2, NK33, Bima 3, Bima 12 Q, NEI-9008 and X8B649 (check resistance) while that is moderately resistancet there are 11 hybrid that is Kenia-3, DK979, NK22, P29, Bisi 2, P12, Bima 10, Gumarang, Srikandi putih, Lamuru and Sukmaraga, while 8 hybrid others were reacted susceptible and highly susceptible.
Kandungan Alginat Sargassum polycystum pada Metode Budidaya dan Umur Tanam berbeda
Authors: Widyartini Dwi Sunu , Insan A. Ilalqisny , Sulistyani Sulistyani
Published: June 2016

Sargassum polycystum is one of seaweed what be able to produce alginate. Cultivation development intensively use common cultivation  methods and planting age of growth season properly which can be able to produce good growth and highest alginate. This study is used an experimental method. The basic design used for the content of alginate S. polycystum use completely randomized design (CRD) with Split Plot Design which repeated 3 times. The main plot of this study is a method of cultivation are included by floatting method and bottom method and Subplot is age after planting are consist of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The cultivation result of S. polycystum by bottom method with 28 days, showed the highest growth rate about 17.38 g.day-1, while the lowest growth were founded on bottom method on age 7 days about 3.42 g.day-1. The Results of analysis of variance showed that the interaction of cultivation method and planting age have significant effect on the subtances of alginate from S. polycystum. The highest alginate are produced by bottom method of planting age on 28 days about 58.33%. The Lowest alginate are produced by floating and bottom methods of planting age on 7 days about 11.67%. Quality of alginate farmed bottom methods of color is more yellowish than the cultivation of the floating method.
Karakteristik Enzim Digesti, Protease dan Amilase, Ikan Gurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) pada Fase Pertumbuhan
Authors: Susilo Untung , Yuwono Edy , Rachmawati Farida Nur , Priyanto Slamet , Hana Hana
Published: June 2016

Suatu penelitian untuk mengetahui karakteristik enzim digesti, protease dan amilase pada ikan gurami, Osphronemus gouramy Lac., telah dilakukan dengan metode survey. Jumlah ikan yang digunakan untuk penelitian sebanyak 25 ekor yang dikelompokan menjadi tiga kelompok ukuran13,29, 35,86 dan 91,86 g/ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas protease digesti ikan gurami berbeda secara signifikan pada segmen usus dan pH buffer yang berbeda (P<.05). Aktivitas amilase digesti tidak berbeda secara signifikan diantara segmen usus yang diuji (P>.05), namun berbeda secara signifikan diantara ukuran ikan yang berbeda (P<.05), dan aktivitas amilase tertinggi dijumpai pada ikan dengan ukuran terkecil. Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil adalah bahwa aktivitas protease dan amilase dijumpai sepanjang saluran digestinya baik pada ikan yang berukuran kecil maupun besar. Aktivitas protease umumnya tinggi pada suasana asam dan netral pada usus depan dan tengah. Aktivitas protease ikan yang berukuran besar lebih rendah dari pada ikan yang berukuran lebih kecil. Aktivitas amilase tidak terdapat perbedaan diantara segmen usus yang diuji, namun aktivitas amilase tertinggi dijumpai pada ikan dengan berat rata-rata 13,29 g/ekor
Motivación de educadores para gestionar proyectos de prevención de la violencia y el consumo de drogas en colegios de Medellín
Authors: Moreno-Mattar Ornella , Jaramillo Ana Cristina , Posada Isabel Cristina
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: profundizar en el papel de la motivación de los docentes para gestionar proyectos de prevención del consumo de SPA y de la violencia en instituciones educativas. Método: se emplearon las herramientas analíticas de la teoría fundada para analizar las vivencias de doce proyectistas. Se realizaron ocho entrevistas individuales y un grupo focal con cuatro docentes que concluyeron el diplomado. Las entrevistas fueron transcritas y analizadas en una matriz de excel, de ellas se obtuvieron 502 (quinientos dos) códigos, 11 categorías descriptivas, cuatro categorías analíticas y cuatro categorías interpretativas. Resultados: Los proyectistas perciben falta de reforzadores ambientales positivos durante el curso del diplomado desde las instituciones educativas en las cuales ellos se desempeñaban como docentes. Algunos reforzadores negativos identificados fueron: la gran cantidad de documentos y actividades propuestas por el diplomado, así como los cortos plazos para su entrega, y la carencia de tiempo disponible para su formación complementaria.  Sin embargo, los proyectistas tienen una fuerte motivación intrínseca al sentir que capacitarse y reforzar sus conocimientos en el área de la gestión de proyectos para la prevención puede tener resultados positivos sobre el desarrollo personal de sus alumnos.
El ser humano al límite: una mirada reflexiva al habitante de calle
Authors: Restrepo Alzate Alberto André
Published: June 2016

El ser humano, permeado por las dinámicas sociales cambiantes de la modernidad, se ve obligado a asumir unos espacios, territorios y formas de vida particulares; razón por la cual este artículo plantea una reflexión acerca del habitante de calle en el contexto urbano, cómo es abocado por éste, cómo es su rostro según los planteamientos de Salcedo (2006) y cuáles condiciones lo ponen en el límite de su existencia.  Así mismo, se presenta la exclusión como un factor potenciador de la problemática que divide el mundo en dos: los aceptados e inaceptados, los de adentro y afuera, los incluidos y excluidos; condición que los ubica, según Moreno (2003), en estado de “exclusión” debido a que sus estilos de vida son reprobados por la “sociedad”.  Para finalizar, se propone un acercamiento a la teoría de las representaciones sociales desde los planteamientos de Moscovici y Araya Umaña (2002), como herramienta que puede generar una comprensión humana de los habitantes de calle y desde este conocimiento, realizar una reflexión que permita al ciudadano del común sensibilizarse respecto a la representación que tiene de esta población y, de esta forma, identificar que ese sujeto diferente continúa presentándose como un ser humano al límite.
Entorno familiar: factor de riesgo o protección para el desarrollo de conductas adictivas en los hijos
Authors: Alpízar Jiménez Lizzy
Published: June 2016

La familia es el primer agente de socialización y formación de los hijos, en ella se aprenden roles, se generan dinámicas y se dan vínculos importantes para el desarrollo integral de cada miembro, ya sea para fortalecer o debilitar conductas que pueden ser perjudiciales o adictivas en los jóvenes. El presente artículo expone de forma general la conceptualización de familia y un ideal de ella, para poco a poco ir incorporando elementos clave que conducen a factores protectores o de riesgo que, según se promuevan o no, serán de utilidad a los padres para con sus hijos. El objetivo del escrito es concientizar al lector en aspectos básicos para una buena socialización, toma de decisiones y proactividad dentro del núcleo familiar, además insta a reflexionar sobre las sugerencias planteadas para el acompañamiento de los miembros de la familia en su proyecto de vida, de manera  que se prevenga el desarrollo de una conducta adictiva. Es una invitación a que se estudie cada una de las perspectivas aquí propuestas, desde la experiencia familiar vivida, y se trabajen las que se consideren pertinentes para crecer y mejorar, con lo que se reconoce que la familia es un grupo en constante cambio por su misma dinámica interna y las exigencias externas que le plantean el medio y la sociedad.
The Talmud and corporate citizenship
Authors: Maune Alexander
Published: June 2016

The Talmud is without doubt the most prominent text of rabbinic Judaism`s traditional literature which is replete with precepts that deal with corporate citizenship. Thus the Talmud can be used as a starting point for those who are interested in establishing financially successful companies. This article is based on a literature review of related journal articles and the Talmud. Some of the issues discussed in this article include: Talmud and ecology, caring for the environment, corporate charity, employer-employee relationship, honest weights and measures, community prosperity, buyer-seller relationship, transparency, honesty in business, fraud and theft, and corporate citizenship in the contemporary world. The author concludes that sustainable financial success is guaranteed through corporate citizenship. This article is of benefit to the academia, corporate citizenship advocates and the business community at large
PROBABILIDADE DE OCORRÊNCIA DE CHUVA EM MUNICÍPIOS DO SEMIÁRIDO PERNAMBUCANO
Authors: Nogueira Marcelino Rawenyo Lemos , De Queiroz Maria Gabriela , Pereira Poliana De Caldas , Da Silva Thieres George Freire , Jardim Alexandre Maniçoba da Rosa Ferraz , Da Silva Marcelo José
Published: June 2016

A região Nordeste do Brasil é extremamente dependente do regime pluviométrico para obtenção de sucesso em atividades agropecuárias e no desenvolvimento socioeconômico da região, sendo este o principal limitante para produção agrícola em sistema sequeiro. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi calcular a probabilidade de ocorrência de eventos de chuvas e o seu tempo de retorno para os municípios de Flores, Floresta, Salgueiro, São José do Belmonte e Serra Talhada, situadas no estado de Pernambuco. Os dados de precipitação pluviométrica utilizados foram disponibilizados pela Agência Pernambucana de Águas e Clima, sendo posteriormente submetidos a uma distribuição cumulativa empírica para determinação da probabilidade de ocorrência de chuva e cálculo do tempo de retorno. Como resultado, verificou-se que todos os municípios analisados apresentaram médias anuais de precipitação contidas no intervalo entre 400 e 800 mm. A análise de probabilidade de chuvas mostrou que a ocorrência de chuvas iguais ou superiores aos máximos registrados em cada município (valores acima de 1100 mm) variam entre 1 a 4%, enquanto para valores de chuva igual ou maiores a 200 mm a probabilidade de ocorrência é de 95%. O tempo de retorno para valores máximos foram de 45, 29, 70, 57 e 71 anos para Flores, Floresta, Salgueiro, São José do Belmonte e Serra Talhada, respectivamente. As análises realizadas permitiram concluir que eventos extremos de chuva estão relacionados a baixas probabilidades de ocorrência e maiores tempo de retorno, sendo essa uma informação que subsidia a prevenção de catástrofes naturais.
Expected ages in the patients of chronic diseases
Authors: Khan Intesaruk Rashid , Siddiqui Ahmed Imran , Aftab Wafa
Published: June 2016

This retrospective study was conducted to find out the expected ages in the patients of hepatic cirrhosis, chronic renal failure and heart failure. This study thus covers most of the patients of out medical wards presenting with chronic illnesses. On comparison of these expected ages it is also found that the expected age in all these three groups is not much different. So, the disease process or the mechanism of the chronic disease in the body may be different, but somehow the final out come is not much different in terms of life span.
Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV infection in blood donors of Multan region
Authors: Mahmood Muhammad Arif , Khawar Shireen , Anjum Abdul Hameed , Ahmed Siraj Munir , Rafiq Shahid , Nazir Imran , Usman Muhammad
Published: June 2016

Acute and chronic viral hepatitis are common public health problems in Pakistan, and associated with serious complications. The carrier rate of HBsAg is quoted to be around 10% in general population while the prevalence of HCV in blood donors is 4.8 %. Data regarding the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infections among healthy blood donors is well established in Karachi, Rawalpindi, Islamabad, Faisalabad, Lahore and Abbotabad areas, but similar data is not available for Multan population. Data regarding the epidemiology of HIV infection among blood donors is not available at most of the blood transfusion centers. In this study six thousands (6000) consecutive young healthy voluntary blood donors (age 16-50 years) comprising of 5476 males and 524 females, belonging to Multan region were included from "Blood Transfusion Center Nishtar Hospital Multan" & "Fatmid Blood Transfusion Center Multan" and were tested for HbsAg, Anti-HCV and HIV. Prevalence of Hepatitis B, C and HIV Infection was 3.37%, 0.27% and 0% respectively. The reported prevalence figures for HBsAg & Anti-HCV in other studies are quite variable, depending upon screening protocol, study groups selected and methodology of testing. If data from all the blood transfusion centers of Pakistan is collected and published, we can get representative prevalence values of HBV, HCV and HIV infection of the general population.