bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Possibilities of cardioselective beta - blocker bisoprolol therapy in patients having coronary artery disease and bronchial asthma
Authors: Grigorieva N Y , Ilyushina T P , Yashina E M
Published: October 2019

Aim: to compare the antianginal and pulse slowing effects, the impact on the ectopic myocardial activity as well as the safety of the treatment with beta - adrenoblocker bisoprolol, calcium antagonist verapamil and the combination of bisoprolol with amlodipine in patients with stable angina (SA) and bronchial asthma (BA). Materials and methods. The study included 90 patients with SA II-III functional class (FC) having concomitant persistent asthma of moderate severity, controlled, without exacerbation. The patients were divided into three groups with 30 individuals in each one depending on the main antianginal drug prescribed. Group 1 patients received a cardio - selective beta - adrenergic blocker bisoprolol (Concor) at the dose of 5 mg/day, patients of group 2 were treated by a calcium antagonist verapamil at the dose of 240 mg/day, patients of group 3 received combined therapy with bisoprolol at the dose of 5 mg/day and amlodipine at the dose of 5 mg/day given as a fixed combination (Concor AM 5/5). All the patients were investigated by the methods of daily ECG monitoring and respiratory function study (RFS) in addition to physical examination at baseline and after 4 weeks of treatment. Results. After 4 weeks of treatment, patients of group 1 and group 3 did not complain of angina attacks and did not use nitroglycerin unlike patients of group 2. The achieved heart rate (HR) in group 1 patients was 68.6±8.5 beats/min, in group 2 - 74.3±5.6 beats/min, in group 3 - 67.3±4.8 beats/min. A significant decrease in the number of supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles occurred in patients of group 1 and group 3 only. Thus, the pulse slowing, antianginal, antiischemic and antiarrhythmic effect of the calcium antagonist verapamil, even at the dose of 240 mg/day, is not always sufficient for the patients with SA II-III FC and concomitant BA, unlike therapy with the inclusion of beta - blocker bisoprolol. During the study there was no registered deterioration in the indices of bronchial patency according to the RFS data in the patients of all three groups. Conclusion. In patients with coronary artery disease and concomitant asthma, all three types of pulse slowing therapy do not have any negative effects on bronchial patency. Therapy with the inclusion of beta - blockers (bisoprolol or its combination with amlodipine), in contrast to verapamil, reliably reduces heart rate and the number of supraventricular and ventricular extrasystoles in addition to a good antianginal effect.
Epicardial adipose tissue as a marker of visceral obesity and its association with metabolic parameters and remodeling of the left chambers of the heart in young people with abdominal obesity
Authors: Blinova N V , Azimova M O , Zhernakova Y V , Zheleznova E A , Yarovaya E B , Orlovskiy A A , Azimova M R , Dobrovolskaya S V , Ternovoy S K , Chazova I E
Published: October 2019

Aim: to study the correlation of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) with metabolic parameters, 24-hours profile of blood pressure (BP) and left ventricular remodeling, with the volume of intraabdominal adipose tissue (IAAT), measured by multislice computed tomography (MSCT) in patients with abdominal obesity and metabolic syndrome. Materials and methods: the study included 80 participants with abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 80 cm in women and >94 cm in men) and without cardiovascular diseases and diabetes. Within this study the following examinations were performed: waist circumference and the body mass index measurement, blood sampling and measurements of lipid levels, uric acid, fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA index, 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring. Left ventricular (LV) mass index, relative wall thickness, LV mass/height index were estimated from echocardiographic data. EAT volume and IAAT was measured by MSCT. All patients was devided in two groups for analysis: 1 (n=28) - patients with isolated abdominal obesity, without metabolic syndrome, age was 37.5±6.43 years; 2 (n=52) - patients with metabolic syndrome, age - 38.8±5.88 years. The control group 0 included healthy individuals (n=13) without obesity, age was 30.5±5.97 years. Results. A positive correlation was found between the volume of EAT with the level of insulin in the blood (r=0.2937, p
A Submersion into Black Mirror’s Nosedive
Authors: Béat Emma Liora
Published: October 2019

This study is the result of a rather unique approach to the MaRBLe programme. Filed with the desire to explore the relationship between academic writings on surveillance and elements of popular culture that concern themselves with the modern dimension of surveillance, the author sought the opportunity offered by this programme to illustrate such relationship in an unedited and pedagogical way. To do so, an audio-guide companion to one of the most illustrative episodes of Black Mirror pertaining to surveillance theories, i.e. Nosedive, has been developed. This episode displays what appears to be a rather fertile ground for the illustration of surveillance theories as it unfolds in a general atmosphere where the norm is to watch, as much as being watched. This paper, in the form of a written reflective note, is thus dedicated to the emphasis of this project’s academic and societal relevance through the display of a thorough literature review on the field of surveillance theory, as well as the methodological logic behind the project.
Hubungan Konstruksi Sumur Dan Jarak Sumber Pencemaran Terhadap Total Coliform Air Sumur Gali Di Dusun 3A Desa Karang Anyar Kecamatan Jati Agung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan
Authors: AMINAH SITI , Wahyuni Septiya
Published: October 2019

Dusun 3A Desa Karang Anyar Kecamatan Jati Agung Kabupaten Lampung Selatan mayoritas masyarakatnya paling banyak memiliki sumur gali sebagai sumber air bersih dan memiliki hewan ternak.Letak sumur gali banyak yang berdekatan dengan kandang ternak dan septic tank yang jaraknya < 11 meter dan kondisi konstruksi sumur gali yang tidak memenuhi syarat konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kontruksi sumur dan jarak sumber pencemaran terhadap total coliform air sumur gali.Pengujian air bersih untuk menentukan total coliform menggunakan metode MPN (Most Probable Number). Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisa univariat. Penelitian pada 60 sampel sumur gali didapatkan hasil konstruksi sumur gali yang tidak memenuhi syarat konstruksi sebanyak 100 % (60 sumur), jarak sumur gali dengan sumber pencemaran yang tidak memenuhi syarat SNI-03-2916-1992 sebanyak 100 % (60 sumur) dan total coliform yang tidak memenuhi syarat Permenkes RI No.416/Menkes/Per/IX/1990 yaitu ≤ 50/100 ml sampel sebanyak 100 % (60 sumur). Berdasarkan penelitian diperoleh hasil 100% tidak memenuhi syarat disimpulkan ada  hubungan antara konstruksi sumur terhadap total coliform dan ada  hubungan antara jarak sumber pencemaran terhadap total coliform.
Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Luxury Brand Products
Authors: SATHYADEVI R. , ASWINI R.
Published: October 2019

As consumers satisfy their feelings of pleasure and gratification through the luxury goods, the available luxury products will also continue to enhance its charm for consumers. The rich have no more a monopoly on the luxury goods. One of the most important factors leading to the actual growth of the luxury market is the introduction of luxury goods to the middle and upper-middle class. The present study attempted to analysis the knowledge, affection and behavior related discernment of the consumers on the luxury products.  For obtaining the objectives, the study adopted questionnaire to collect the data from the customers. The study collected data from the customer, who visiting the shopping malls for buying the luxury brand products. T  Test used to present the collected opinion of the consumers.  The study highlighted that most of consumers are depend with affect related factors to luxury brands compared with knowledge and behavior based factors.
Analysis of Mobile Banking Adoption by Customers of Private Commercial Banking Sector in Yangon, Myanmar
Authors: Lwin Nyi , Liana Sui Reng , Nusari Mohammed Saleh
Published: October 2019

Obviously, there are two sectors of industry that are balanced for phenomenal development in Myanmar: telecommunications and financial services. One can just envision how energizing the prospects may be for the cover between the two: mobile financial services. Due to the liberalization of telecommunication market in Myanmar, the private banking sector is trying to introduce mobile banking system. The rise of electronic money is becoming popular. Paying for groceries with a wave of an SMS, sending some money to a relative in another region or receiving one’s Government pension per mobile bank account may additionally soon become a part of every-day lifestyles in Myanmar. In Myanmar, booming of mobile technology has had many impacts on individuals, enterprises and government employees at different level.
Altman Z-Score Model Effects of Non-Performing Assets (NPAs) in Public and Private Bank In India
Authors: Chaturvedi Krishna Murari , Mehta Mohit
Published: October 2019

The study aims to measure the effectiveness of Altman's Z-score model using Non-Performing Assets (NPA) as a level fixture index. Paper examines if Altman's Z-score model captures the decline in the financial health of the banks caused by the NPAs. The sample size is taken in selected two public (CBI & PNB) & two private sector banks (ICICI & HDFC). The study is based on secondary data & data will be collected for the last five years 2014 to 2018. The findings of this paper suggest that, due to the uniqueness of the Indian banking sector during the NPA crisis, the 'Emerging Market Model' does not produce any significantly better results. Therefore, there is a future scope to develop a tailor-made model suitable to the Indian Banking sector.
Consumers Satisfaction And Preference Towards Refrigerator – A Study
Authors: SANGEETHA T. , KALYANASUNDARAM M.
Published: October 2019

This study deals with Consumers Satisfaction and Preference towards Refrigerator. This study throws light on the differences in Satisfaction and Preference level among consumers, based on their Occupation and Income. Also the study highlights on the relationship between Satisfaction and Preference of consumers towards Refrigerator. Using a structured questionnaire data were collected from 100 respondents belonging to Tiruchirappalli city through convenience sampling. To analyze the relationship between the selected variables statistical tools like one-way ANOVA ‘f’ test and Correlation analysis were performed on the data using SPSS 22. Based on the analysis it was found that there exist a correlation between consumer Preference and Satisfaction towards Refrigerator.
The Flouting of Conversational Maxims in Short Messages
Authors: Astia Idda
Published: October 2019

AbstractThis study aims to describe how the participants (senders and receivers) flout conversational maxims in short messages. In this study, the source is taken from short messages that are sent via a provider because nowadays most people do communication with others using mobile phone. This study uses Grice’s theory of cooperative principle is used especially the flouting of maxims (maxim of quantity, maxim of quality, maxim of relevance, and maxim of manner). All kinds of those flouting that exist in short messages are analyzed, which are delivered by the participants (senders and receivers). This research uses qualitative descriptive. The utterances produced by the participants, the senders and the receivers, when they were conversing with each others in term of short messages or texting (SMS) were analyzed and described. The data of the research were written data, collected from the utterances, which contain flouting performed by the senders and the receivers in the short messages or texting (SMS). The result of the research shows that in maxim of quantity, they flout by adding more information and giving a little information. In maxim of quality, all of the participants flout it by saying what they believed false. In maxim of relevance, the participants flouted it by saying irrelevant responses. In maxim of manner, moreover, the participants flouted it by saying convoluted words which are extremely long-winded. The conversational maxim are mostly flouted by the participants (sender and receiver) in the short massages is maxim of quantity. It is flouted by adding more information.Keywords: Conversation of Maxim, Flouting of Maxim, Short Message Service (SMS)
Wild oat control and tolerance of grass seed crops to fenoxaprop-P-ethyl
Authors: Rolston M.P. , Archie W.J.
Published: October 2019

Fenoxaprop P-ethyl, a wild oat herbicide was applied to five grass species. Perennial ryegrass was tolerant to 37 g/ha, but there was a trend for a reduction in seed yield at 75 g/ha. Two Bromus species had good tolerance, but Phalaris aquatica seed yields were reduced by 80%. In a second trial, there was no significant effect on seed yield of perennial and hybrid ryegrass to fenoxaprop applied at 56 g/ha. However, there was a trend for 75 g/ha to reduce seed yield in perennial ryegrass. In a perennial ryegrass seed crop, wild oats were very competitive, reducing seed yields from 2600 kg/ha (best herbicide treatment) to 660 kg/ha in the untreated control. Excellent wild oat control was achieved with fenoxaprop at rates of 45 g/ha in August and 56 g/ha in September.
Survival of giant buttercup seeds buried at different depths in four soils
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A.
Published: October 2019

The viability of giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris) seed buried at three depths in four different soils in the Waikato region was evaluated over a 16 year period. Most seed buried in the top 2 cm soil layer disappeared within the first year. When buried at 4 ? 6 cm, numbers declined rapidly over the first two years and were no longer found at three of the four sites within 16 years. At the end of the study, up to 22% of the seed was still viable at the 19 - 21 cm depth. If left undisturbed and assuming exponential decay, it could take up to 51 years for deeply buried viable seed numbers to be reduced to 1% of the original number depending on soil type.
Pasture tolerance to the herbicide metsulfuron-methyl
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A. , Cornwell M.J.
Published: October 2019

Trials were carried out in spring and autumn at two locations in New Zealand to measure the effects of metsulfuron-methyl on pasture production and composition. Metsulfuron-methyl at 3-12 g/ha resulted in 20-45% loss of herbage production. This was particularly evident for two months after spraying, with no significant reduction in dry matter yield 3 months after treatment in spring. The effect on pasture composition was more persistent. Metsulfuron-methyl, along with clopyralid and picloram + 2,4-D completely removed the clover for the three month duration of the trial. The consequences of broadcast application of these herbicides in pasture need to be considered in the context of the overall farming system.
Herbicide efficacy in relation to herbicide rate, surfactant rate and spray application volume
Authors: Ray J.W. , Richardson B. , Vanner A.L. , Coker G.
Published: October 2019

In two experiments, a central composite response surface design was used to investigate the interactions between herbicide rate (glyphosate in Experiment 1 and metsulfuron in Experiment 2), surfactant rate, and spray application volume on tomato dry weight production. In both experiments, dry weight production was affected by herbicide, and surfactant rate but not spray application volume. Equations derived to predict the response of tomato dry weight production to rates of either, glyphosate or metsulfuron, and surfactant explained 89% and 75% of the observed variability respectively. The results suggest that spray application volumes may be decreased without reducing herbicidal efficacy, provided the rates of herbicide and surfactant are maintained constant.
Influence of surfactant mixtures on cuticular uptake of glyphosate into grasses
Authors: Liu Z.Q. , Zabkiewicz J.A.
Published: October 2019

The uptake of glyphosate into wheat and two grass species in the presence of surfactants varied with surfactant structure, ethylene oxide (EO) content and concentration. A synergistic uptake enhancement into wheat and barnyard grass was observed when an aliphatic amine surfactant was mixed with either an alcohol or octylphenol nonionic surfactant with different EO content, at equivalent concentration. The effect of an amine+alcohol surfactant mixture on glyphosate uptake into wheat and ryegrass was compared with commercial glyphosate formulations.
Field control of Herpetogramma licarsisalis (Walker) in northern Northland pastures
Authors: Hardwick S. , Davis L.T.
Published: October 2019

Two field trials and one laboratory bioassay were used to evaluate insecticides for the control of Herpetogramma licarsisalis a new arrival infesting kikuyu pastures in northern Northland In both field trials larval densities in plots treated with chlorpyrifos diazinon alphacypermethrin diflubenzuron triflumuron and Bacillus thuringiensis were significantly lower than those in the control plots 14 days after treatment application In the laboratory 80100 larval mortality occurred after eight days exposure to kikuyu foliage treated with the above insecticides (P
Imported insecticide resistance in diamondback moth
Authors: Voice D.G. , Chapman R.B.
Published: October 2019

Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine whether resistance in an Australian population of diamondback moth could be conferred to a local susceptible population of diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) Bioassays with larvae showed a 715fold difference in response at the LC50 to alphacypermethrin between the resistant imported and local susceptible populations The response of a hybrid strain from these populations displayed a lower level of resistance and a backcross of hybrids with the parents an even lower level of resistance The hybrid strain did not suffer any fitness disadvantage when compared with the parents
Lentil Ascochyta blight and breeding for its resistance
Authors: Ye G. , McNeil D.L. , Hill G.D.
Published: October 2019

This paper summarises existing studies of the genetics of resistance of lentils to Ascochyta blight and the genetic variation among pathogen populations with particular emphasis on the results from our programme Breeding methods are discussed Six pathotypes have been identified Resistance is mainly under the control of major genes but minor genes also play a role Current breeding programs are based on crossing resistant cultivars with high yield cultivars and multilocation testing Gene pyramiding exploring slow blighting and partial resistance and the use of genes from wild relatives will be the methods used in future
Two major genes confer Ascochyta blight resistance in Lens orientalis
Authors: Ye G. , McNeil D.L. , Hill G.D.
Published: October 2019

Genetic mechanisms of resistance to Ascochyta blight from wild lentil (Lens orientalis) were studied using F3 families of a cross between the cultivar Titore of the cultivated lentil (Lens culinaris) and accession W 6 3261 of the wild lentil The simplest genetic model to adequately fit the data involved two genes one partially dominant gene with a larger effect (A) and one dominant gene with a less effect (B) which acted additively to confer resistance One copy of the resistance increasing allele of the A gene is not sufficient for a genotype to be resistant nor is one or two copies of the resistance increasing allele of the B gene alone When fitted to other published data this model was as good as or better than alternative models that have been proposed
Paropsis charybdis defoliation of Eucalyptus stands in New Zealands central North Island
Authors: Murphy B.D. , Kay M.K.
Published: October 2019

Paropsis charybdis the most serious pest of Eucalyptus in New Zealand was controlled with the introduced Australian egg parasitoid Enoggera nassaui in the late 1980s Using frass traps to monitor P charybdis populations we report that pest outbreaks still occur resulting in heavy defoliation of susceptible Eucalyptus species The results suggest that the presence of large larval populations and commensurate defoliation result from poor spring parasitism by the parasitoid A second wave of P charybdis oviposition is effectively attacked preventing late season defoliation by larvae A climatic mismatch of E nassaui is suspected to be the cause of this poor performance
Molecular phylogenetics of leafrollers application to DNA diagnostics
Authors: Gleeson D. , Holder P. , Newcomb R. , Howitt R. , Dugdale J.
Published: October 2019

Accurate and rapid diagnosis of taxa whether they be welldefined species or biotypes is of crucial importance to quarantine pest management and research Recent developments in DNA technology has resulted in a range of molecular techniques being available for use in such applications We have employed a phylogenetically focussed approach in the development of a diagnostic key to distinguish a range of leafroller species (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) using DNA sequence data derived from a 23 kb region of the mitochondrial genome containing the genes cytochrome oxidase I and II Phylogenetic analysis has revealed clear relationships between taxa although the genus Apoctena does not appear monophyletic The most appropriate diagnostic characters are either those which are phylogenetically informative either synapomorphies or autapomorphies A standardised approach to data collection is advocated for future studies
Developmental biology of two species of leafroller egg parasitoids
Authors: Stevens P.
Published: October 2019

Leafrollers (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) are important pests of many horticultural crops Leafroller eggs in New Zealand are attacked by the trichogrammatid parasitoids Trichogrammatoidea bactrae and Trichogrammanza funiculatum (Hymenoptera Trichogrammatidae) Conventionally trichogrammatids are used for pest control through augmentation of numbers by making mass releases Laboratory tests have been carried out to ascertain the potential of the two eggparasitoid species to act as biological control agents for the key leafroller pests in New Zealand T funiculatum had a slightly slower developmental rate than T bactrae Temperature did not significantly affect the number of eggs parasitised by the adult parasitoids over their lifetime but temperature did affect the percentage of adult parasitoids emerging from parasitised eggs T bactrae had higher net reproductive rates and intrinsic rates of increase than T funiculatum and at this stage appears to be the most suitable candidate for an augmentative biological control programme
Tydeid mites on persimmons
Authors: Tomkins A.R , Wilson D.J. , Thomson C. , Allison P.
Published: October 2019

Tydeid mites (Orthotydeus californicus and O caudatus) occasionally contaminate persimmon fruit Their abundance and phenology on fruit from persimmon (Diospyros kaki) trees in Whangarei Pukekohe Morrinsville Bay of Plenty and Gisborne was investigated over three seasons (1995/96 1996/97 and 1997/98) Few mites were found on fruit from all districts except Bay of Plenty and Gisborne Fruit contamination began in December peaked in February declined from March or April and varied considerably between seasons Mite abundance on persimmon trees was not related to their proximity to poplar shelter trees a suspected source of the mites
Incidence of armoured scale insects on persimmons
Authors: Tomkins A.R , Wilson D.J. , Thomson C. , Allison P.
Published: October 2019

The incidence of armoured scale insects infesting persimmons (Diospyros kaki) grown in five districts (Whangarei (Northland) Pukekohe (South Auckland) Morrinsville (Waikato) Maketu (Bay of Plenty) and Gisborne (Poverty Bay)) was investigated over three growing seasons (1995/96 1996/97 and 1997/98) Three species of armoured scale insects were found on persimmon fruit greedy scale (Hemiberlesia rapax) latania scale (H lataniae) and oleander scale (Aspidiotus nerii) The species composition differed between districts with latania scale the most common species recorded overall Fruit were infested by the first and second generations of all three species Latania scale infested a higher proportion of leaves than fruit
Disease management in Hawkes Bay apple orchards converting to organic production
Authors: Tate K.G. , Manktelow D.W. , Walker J.T. , Stiefel H.
Published: October 2019

Disease control achieved by 10 apple growers converting to organics during the 199798 and 199899 seasons is reported Two orchards experienced black spot outbreaks each season while the remainder averaged 05 spotted fruit Powdery mildew was severe in 199798 but acceptable in 199899 Fruit rots after coolstorage averaged 011 for different varieties in 199798 and 030 in 199899 Fungicide applications averaged 116 in 199798 and 184 in 199899 which was a net increase in chemical use Copper use was below 3 kg/ha/year The mostused spray programme was a greentip copper three prebloom limesulphurs sulphur/copper bloom sprays and sulphur or sulphur/ copper sprays thereafter Results showed that acceptable disease control is achievable in organic orchards but summer and core rots remain a concern
Control of brown rot (Monilinia fructicola) on organic apricots
Authors: McLaren G.F. , Fraser J.A.
Published: October 2019

The effects of sulphur and copper on postharvest brown rot (Monilinia fructicola (Wint) Honey) were studied for six years in a BioGro registered apricot block at Clyde Research Centre Central Otago Four treatments of sulphur and/or copper were applied up to 9 times between flowering and harvest Brown rot levels were high in seasons with a high rainfall from November to January (harvest) Sulphur (Kumulus DF) at either 120 or 160 g ai/100 litres or at 80 g with copper (Kocide DF) at 10 g ai/100 litres reduced brown rot levels in cvs Sundrop and CluthaGold Seven organically acceptable alternatives to sulphur were also tested but none were more effective However alternatives to sulphur are needed for use close to harvest to reduce both visible residues and the possible negative effect of sulphur on return bloom
The potential of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents for clover root weevil (Sitona lepidus)
Authors: Bell N.L , Jackson T.A. , Nelson T.L.
Published: October 2019

The efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis zealandica H bacteriophora Steinernema carpocapsae and S feltiae against clover root weevil (CRW) larvae and pupae was determined in petri dish and pot experiments Field collected third instar (L3)pupal CRW immature stages were used and experiments were conducted in a controlled environment room at 18C Weevil survival and development was assessed 7 and 10 days after nematode inoculation for petri and pot experiments respectively All nematodes significantly reduced CRW survival and all except S feltiae prevented adult development Under the conditions used in this study Heterorhabditis spp were generally more effective than Steinernema spp Results are discussed in terms of the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes as biocontrol agents for this clover pest
Ryegrass endophyte infection affects Argentine stem weevil adult behaviour and susceptibility to parasitism
Authors: Gerard P.J.
Published: October 2019

Pot experiments were undertaken to investigate whether Argentine stem weevil Listronotus bonariensis adults placed on endophyteinfected or endophytefree perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) exhibited behaviour differences that may lead to differing susceptibility to attack by the endoparasitoid Microctonus hyperodae There was no difference (P>005) in the behaviour of weevils on pots of Nui ryegrass infected with either the wildtype endophyte Neotyphodium lolii or AR1 a N lolii selection high in peramine but low in other key alkaloids Although adults were offered no choice over 60 of the adults were found off endophyteinfected plants during the observation period Weevils on high endophyte plants were found to spend less time in positions highly favourable for parasitoid oviposition (eg feeding P
Pest populations during the first six years in ryegrass pastures containing white or Caucasian clover
Authors: Watson R.N. , Bell N.L , Neville F.J. , Davis L.T.
Published: October 2019

Insect and nematode pests in ryegrass pasture with white (WC) or Caucasian clover (CC) were similar in species composition In droughtprone soil however WC abundance fluctuated markedly over six years whereas CC was more persistent Insect pest populations in autumn followed similar overall time trends in each clover though some fluctuated less markedly in CC probably due to greater clover abundance and pasture cover rather than food quality differences Whitefringed weevil increased to damaging levels in CC by the sixth year Clover cyst nematode populations were suppressed by CC but root knot nematode increased to greater abundance than in WC soil Root knot nematode and whitefringed weevil may provide the greatest pest threats to longterm productive potential and persistence of CC in northern areas of New Zealand
Progress in defining the significance of intraspecific variation to the success of the Argentine stem weevil parasitoid in New Zealand
Authors: Phillips C.B. , McNeill M.R. , Cane R.P. , Goldson S.L.
Published: October 2019

Releases of eight South American geographic populations of the parasitoid Microctonus hyperodae Loan (Hymenoptera Braconidae) began in New Zealand in 1991 to assist in the suppression of the pasture pest Listronotus bonariensis (Kuschel) (Coleoptera Curculionidae) A morphometric analysis of M hyperodae adults collected from five of the New Zealand release sites during 199294 indicated that parasitoids derived from west of the South American Andes were significantly less successful than those from east of the Andes It was postulated that parasitoids from west of the Andes were either poorly adapted to New Zealand conditions and unable to establish or were reasonably well adapted to New Zealand conditions but were slightly less competitive than parasitoids from east of the Andes Preliminary results from a field experiment where parasitoids from east and west of the Andes were released separately strongly support the latter possibility
Susceptibility of Wiseana species to diflubenzuron and implications for field applications
Authors: Ferguson C.M.
Published: October 2019

Porina control using diflubenzuron is popular due to its low cost and benign environmental effects The level of control in Otago and Southland however can be variable and may be associated with species diversity in the region In this investigation larvae of Wiseana cervinata W copularis W jocosa and W mimica were exposed to diflubenzuron in two laboratory bioassays All species were killed with small larvae killed more quickly than large There were only minor differences in susceptibility between species Adult flights at three sites showed variation in the main flight period suggesting that larvae in pasture in autumn would cover a wide size range This was confirmed by field sampling The timing and frequency of diflubenzuron applications should be considered in conjunction with the phenology of adult flight and subsequent larval development and climatic conditions affecting larval survival
Molecular marker assisted detection of the mycoparasite Coniothyrium minitans A69 in soil
Authors: Ridgway H.J. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

Coniothyrium minitans A69 has been shown to have biological control activity against the plant pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and a PCR based assay has been developed to specifically identify this isolate The practical application of this PCR assay for detection of C minitans from soil was assessed Sterile and nonsterile soil was inoculated with spores from C minitans A69 at five different concentrations and DNA recovered using a SDS/Phenol/Chloroform method A number of factors affected DNA recovery and subsequent PCR with a maximum sensitivity of down to 1x102 spores/g soil achieved in sterile soil Detection of C minitans in nonsterile soil was hampered by failure of the fungus to germinate However this method has improved throughput and cost effectiveness compared with conventional detection methods involving quantitative colony recovery
Infection sites of Sclerotium cepivorum on onion roots
Authors: McLean K.L. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

Onion (Allium cepa) root infection by Sclerotium cepivorum was examined in two glasshouse bioassays In the first bioassay the effect of sclerotial depth was examined Sclerotia placed at 1 10 and 20 cm depths in soil filled planter bags germinated and infected onion roots at 5 7 and 13 weeks after planting respectively The second bioassay determined that the severity of infection varied when sclerotia were placed at the stem base along the length of a root and at the root tip After 22 weeks a greater (P
The outlook for regulatory control of agricultural compounds
Authors: Hughes W.
Published: October 2019

The Pesticides Act will be repealed once the hazardous substances part of the Hazardous Substances and New Organisms Act 1996 commences When this new Act commences the Agricultural Compounds and Veterinary Medicines (ACVM) Act 1997 which is administered by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry will also commence With the delay in the commencement of the new legislation the ACVM Group of MAF Food has introduced over the last two years a number of operational changes in the administration of the Pesticides Act These changes which will continue until the new legislation commences have been made to align the Pesticides Act where possible with the administration of the ACVM Act This paper discusses the changes that have occurred and the new direction in regulatory control of agricultural compounds to be undertaken by the ACVM Act
Growth development and fecundity of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa after exposure to two organophosphates
Authors: Booth L.H. , Heppelthwaite V.J. , O'Halloran K.
Published: October 2019

The effect on fecundity of two organophosphates chlorpyrifos and diazinon was assessed in the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa Juveniles were exposed to two sublethal concentrations of each organophosphate the lowest of which was a laboratorysimulated field rate for 4 weeks and recovery was monitored for 12 weeks in organophosphatefree soil Growth maturation cocoon production and hatching success in resulting adults was monitored Growth was reduced by both pesticides during exposure but not in the recovery phase Chlorpyrifos affected maturation rates and fecundity at the highest concentration but diazinon had no effect at either concentration These preliminary results suggest no effects of these pesticides at field rates but the effects of longer term pesticide exposure on fecundity should be determined
The effect of canopy development and sprayer position on spray drift from a pipfruit orchard
Authors: Praat J-P. , Maber J.F. , Manktelow D.W.L.
Published: October 2019

Spray drift continues to be an important issue for commercial pipfruit growers Offtarget agrichemical movement was determined from the Hawkes Bay Focus Orchard on two occasions Canopy development had a major influence on spray drift with 25 times less drift from a fully foliated canopy compared with a dormant canopy The proximity of the sprayer relative to the edge of the sprayed block was an additional major factor influencing spray drift Results are compared with those found in previous New Zealand and overseas studies and management strategies for spray drift minimisation are discussed
Spray deposition within plant canopies
Authors: Richardson B. , Newton M.
Published: October 2019

Spray deposition was measured within canopies of bracken fern (Pteridium aquilinum) and greenleaf manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) following ground application of a spray mixture containing water a fluorescent tracer and surfactant A high proportion of spray (3538) reached the ground through manzanita canopies whereas only 113 reached the ground through a bracken canopy Spray deposition was closely linked to the quantity of foliage projected on a plane normal to the trajectory of droplets passing through the canopy Droplets that had trajectories with a significant horizontal velocity component were more effectively captured because of an increase in the quantity of foliage in their path
Nontarget and secondary poisoning risks associated with cholecalciferol
Authors: Eason C.T. , Wickstrom M. , Henderson R. , Milne L. , Arthur D.
Published: October 2019

In New Zealand cholecalciferolcontaining baits are used for possum and rodent control We have assessed the primary and secondary nontarget hazards associated with these baits At 2000 mg/kg cholecalciferol had no adverse effects in ducks but some chickens and canaries died Weta and weka were not affected by eating bait containing cholecalciferol In secondary poisoning studies most dogs and cats fed carcasses of possums poisoned with cholecalciferol were unaffected but repeat exposures for 5 days induced some reversible signs of toxicosis in dogs The most distinguishing feature of cholecalciferol is a lower risk of secondary poisoning when compared with 1080 and brodifacoum
Comparative effects of brodifacoum on rats and possums
Authors: Littin K.E. , O'Connor C.E. , Eason C.T.
Published: October 2019

The anticoagulant brodifacoum is widely used overseas as a rodenticide and in New Zealand to control rodents and brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) The efficacy behavioural and pathological changes and times to death were compared between Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) and brushtail possums poisoned with brodifacoum Caged animals were given brodifacoum in wax or cereal baits observed for signs of toxicosis and changes in behaviour then autopsied after death Brodifacoum caused haemorrhaging and death in both species and although each showed marked changes in behaviour and pathology they differed in character time of onset and duration Results may be explained in part by species differences in behaviour and halflives of blood clotting factors
The effect of herbicides and surfactants on turf grasses and annual poa
Authors: Finlayson M.P. , Dastgheib F.
Published: October 2019

The tolerance of browntop (Agrostis capillaris L) perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L) Chewings fescue (Festuca nigrescens Lam) and annual poa (Poa annua L) to twelve herbicides with and without two organosilicone surfactants (Silwet L77 and Silwet S800) were assessed Annual poa was controlled by haloxyfop and clethodim plus S800 Browntop was highly tolerant to chlorsulfuron and metsulfuron and Chewings fescue to haloxyfop fluazifop clethodim and sethoxydim Organosilicone surfactants affected the tolerance of some species to certain herbicides For example Silwet L77 reduced the tolerance of annual poa to glyphosate but S800 increased the tolerance of perennial ryegrass to terbuthylazine The results have implications for the management of cool season turf
Control of weeds in imidazolinone tolerant maize with imazethapyr plus imazapyr
Authors: James T.K. , Rahman A. , Gray J.
Published: October 2019

Three trials conducted in Waikato evaluated the use of the proprietary imidazolinone herbicide mixture of imazethapyr plus imazapyr for weed control in imidazolinone tolerant (IT) maize crops A range of herbicide rates application times and adjuvants were evaluated The results show that imazethapyr/imazapyr herbicide mixture was very effective in controlling a variety of both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous annual weeds Some perennial weeds present in the trials were also well controlled Imazethapyr/imazapyr was more effective when applied early postemergence and Hasten was the most effective adjuvant for increasing the efficacy of imazethapyr/imazapyr The IT maize crop and final grain yields were not affected by these herbicides
Evaluation of the pathogenicity of Phoma exigua var exigua on Californian thistle
Authors: Bithell S.L. , Stewart A.
Published: October 2019

Pathogenicity of isolates of Phoma exigua var exigua Desm on detached wounded Californian thistle (Cirsium arvense (L) Scop) leaves was determined by measuring lesion development after inoculation with conidial solutions (1 x 105 spores/ml) Results showed significant lesion development by all six test isolates compared to control treatments but inconsistent lesion development was observed between isolates and between assays The six isolates also gave greater (P
Investigating gene introgression from rape to wild turnip
Authors: Jenkins T.E , Conner A.J. , Frampton C.M.
Published: October 2019

Gene introgression from crops to weedy relatives has become an important issue with the development and release of transgenic crops This study investigates hybridization between rape and a New Zealand population of wild turnip (Makarewa Southland) The rape used was a rapid cycling nontransgenic line homozygous for a single dominant mutation conferring resistance to the herbicide chlorsulfuron Seed from wild turnip plants were harvested following hand pollination in a greenhouse and after natural pollination in field trials that were conducted at two ratios of rapewild turnip 11 and 1400 Interspecific hybrids were identified in the progeny populations by in vitro screening of seedlings for resistance to chlorsulfuron Their hybrid status was confirmed by DNA content using flow cytometry As expected hand pollinations produced 100 hybrid progeny illustrating a high potential for interspecific hybridization between rape and wild turnip In contrast hybrids were very rare under natural field conditions
Survey of alternative host plants for Kellys citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) in citrus growing regions
Authors: Froud K. , Stevens P. , Steven D.
Published: October 2019

Kellys citrus thrips (Pezothrips kellyanus) (KCT) has recently been identified as the most serious pest affecting citrus production in New Zealand A literature survey was undertaken to determine previous host records of KCT in New Zealand and Australia An orchard survey to investigate secondary sources or host plants of KCT within lemon orchards and adjacent shelter and roadsides was carried out Potential alternative hosts were sampled in November December and January Flowers from 37 potential host plant species were collected from lemon orchards in Kerikeri and Gisborne and examined for the presence of KCT adults and larvae Banana passionfruit in Kerikeri and catsear in Gisborne were the only plants with KCT adults present on more than one sampling occasion KCT adults were collected from 16 plant species in low numbers but KCT larvae were collected from only two plant species (creeping buttercup and curled dock) The definition of a true host for thrips is discussed
Responses of two leafroller species to the photoactive dye Phloxine B
Authors: McNeill M.R. , Goldson S.L.
Published: October 2019

The insecticidal properties of phloxine B were evaluated against lightbrown apple moth (LBAM) Epiphyas postvittana and green headed leafroller (GHLR) Planotortix excessana in laboratory bioassays A range of concentrations of phloxine B were added to general purpose diet and presented to larvae in Petri dishes High rates of mortality (8094) were achieved at concentrations of 0210 phloxine B with LC50 values of ca 01 and 027 for 1st instar LBAM and GHLR respectively The susceptibility of leafroller larvae to phloxine B was affected by light intensity and instar
Extracellular enzymes of Chondrostereum purpureum causal fungus of silverleaf disease
Authors: Simpson R.M. , Van_Hekezen R. , Van_Lune F. , Brewster D. , Christeller J.T. , Spiers A.G.
Published: October 2019

Chondrostereum purpureum the casual fungus of silverleaf disease was grown on solid media supplemented with a range of oligosaccaride carbon sources Extracellular extracts were analysed for a range of wooddegrading enzymes The results indicate that C purpureum is a highly specialised plant pathogen which does not produce lignin degrading enzymes Cellulose substrates produced slow growth of the fungus but induced large amounts of enzymes able to degrade celluloses xyloglucans and pectins Growth on Link pectin and pectin was rapid with the induction of enzymes able to degrade pectins and cellulases The growth data suggests that the cellulases especially but also pectinases play a key role in xylem invasion rather than in nutrition The fungus also has the capacity to utilise protein and starch The results are discussed in relation to the local and systemic effects of the fungus
Effect of temperature on predation by Tasmanian lacewing larvae
Authors: Islam S.S. , Chapman R.B.
Published: October 2019

A laboratory study investigated the predation and development rates of Tasmanian lacewing larvae (Micromus tasmaniae) under constant and fluctuating temperature regimes Larval development and consumption of second instar cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) increased linearly with constant temperatures between 1030C Under fluctuating daily temperatures (1025C) development and consumption rates were equivalent to those found at a constant 25C Larvae consumed more aphids during later instars and a maximum consumption rate of approximately 10 aphids per day was recorded Some aspects of larval behaviour are described
Giant buttercup (Ranunculus acris L) control in dairy pasture using a mycoherbicide based on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Harvey I. , Bourd?t G.
Published: October 2019

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum was applied as a dry kibbled wheat formulation to giant buttercup in trials in permanent dairy pasture in Takaka Golden Bay Autumn and late spring broadcast treatment resulted in 3050 reduction in cover of giant buttercup Spot treatment of individual plants was unsuccessful in autumn but resulted in over 50 reduction in cover when conducted in late spring Reasons for the success and failure of the treatments are discussed together with the future direction of the research and the integration of the technique into a practical giant buttercup management programme for dairy pasture
Formulation of Serratia entomophila for biological control of grass grub
Authors: Johnson V.W. , Pearson J. , Jackson T.A.
Published: October 2019

Cultures of the bacterium Serratia entomophila (Enterobacteriaceae) have been applied as the biological control product Invade for the control of grass grub for more than a decade However the use of the bacterium is limited by the specific requirements of the live microbial cultures for distribution and delivery The cultures must be maintained under refrigeration and applied through a modified seed drill To overcome these problems we have developed a system for stabilising the bacterium in a biopolymer matrix which can then be incorporated into claybased granules The resulting formulation can be stored at ambient temperatures for extended periods and applied to the soil through conventional farm machinery Such thermostable formulations of sensitive microorganisms are likely to have a wide application in the biological control of pests and diseases
Evaluating targeted aerial spraying for insect control
Authors: Richardson B.
Published: October 2019

The main target zones in early plans for eradicating painted apple moth (PAM) (Teia anartoides) in Auckland New Zealand were narrow riparian strips of vegetation and steep gullies However there were concerns that achieving high levels of Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki (Btk) deposition in these riparian areas with minimal drift onto residential areas would be difficult This is because with a combination of small droplets and high release heights there would be considerable downwind movement of the spray cloud The concept of targeting riparian strips was evaluated using an aerial spray application simulation model Results indicated that targeted spraying is not a practical proposition at least where small droplets are used and high release heights are required The only solution would be to build larger target areas around the riparian strips For targeted spraying to become a practical proposition techniques must be developed for achieving efficacy using much larger spray droplets