bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Forest Litter Characteristics on Bacterial and Fungal Community Diversity in the Picea crassifolia Ecosystem on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau
Authors: Chen Yahui , Li Haijia , Zhang Shiyang , Zhang Min , Pan Hui , Zhou Fangwei , Wang Lei
Published: May 2024

The biodiversity and activity of microorganisms are crucial for litter decomposition, but how litter traits at different stages of decomposition drive changes in microbial communities has yet to be thoroughly explored. In the typical alpine hilly area of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, three types of litter at different decomposition stages were selected under a natural Picea crassifolia (Picea crassifolia Kom.) forest: undecomposed (A-1), partially decomposed (A-2), and fully decomposed (A-3). By measuring physicochemical indicators, microbial diversity, and the composition of the litter at different decomposition stages, this study investigates the community changes and responses of bacteria to litter characteristic changes at different decomposition levels. The results show that with the increase in decomposition level, bacterial diversity increases, community structure changes, and network complexity gradually increases, while the changes in fungal communities are insignificant. Structural equation modeling indicates that the first principal component (PC1) of litter properties is significantly negatively correlated with bacterial diversity and positively correlated with bacterial community composition. There is no significant correlation between fungal diversity and community composition, indicating a closer relationship between bacteria and litter characteristics than fungi. In summary, with an increase in litter decomposition level, the diversity and network complexity of bacterial and fungal communities will significantly increase, which is related to the changes in various litter characteristics. This study provides a scientific basis for the regulatory mechanism of litter decomposition and turnover in the alpine hilly area of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, specifically in Picea crassifolia forests.
Time Composition, Efficiency, Workload, and Noise Exposure during Tree Felling and Processing with Petrol and Battery-Powered Chainsaws in Mixed High Forest Stands
Authors: Poje Anton , Lipužič Benjamin , Bilobrk Ivan , Pandur Zdravko
Published: May 2024

This study presents the effects of using a battery-powered chainsaw on work efficiency and ergonomics under real conditions during timber harvesting. The study was conducted during the felling and processing of coniferous and deciduous trees with a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 13 cm to 78 cm using both a petrol-powered and battery-powered chainsaw. The results include comparisons of time composition, work efficiency, psychophysical workload, and noise exposure. Heart rate and noise exposure were measured over ten days as part of a time study using the Husqvarna 543 XP petrol-powered chainsaw and the Husqvarna 540i HP battery-powered chainsaw. The comparison of the time composition between the chainsaws used showed 3%–4% differences in the duration of productive time operations and 16% in service time. The difference in work efficiency during the productive time between the two chainsaws was statistically insignificant, but generally higher when working with the battery-powered chainsaw than with the petrol-powered chainsaw. During the main productive time, the work efficiency was 9.89 min/t for the petrol-powered chainsaw and 9.44 min/t for the battery-powered chainsaw. The psychophysical workload of the feller was lower when using the battery-powered chainsaw than when using the petrol-powered chainsaw as the relative working heart rates during the entire productive time was 32.5% for the battery-powered chainsaw and 35.0% for the petrol-powered chainsaw. The noise exposure of the workers was lower when using a battery-powered chainsaw, namely 6.0 dB(A) and 0.4 dB(C) compared to the use of a petrol-powered chainsaw. The results of this paper indicate that battery-powered chainsaws can compete with petrol chainsaws in harvesting conditions that are currently considered unsuitable due to the large volume of trees.
Incredible Host Diversity and Regional Potential Distribution of an Oriental Parasitic Plant (Taxillus yadoriki)
Authors: Lee Cheolho , Choi Byoungki , Park Eunha , Yim Eunyoung
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the host diversity and characteristics of the rare parasitic plant Silverberry-like taxillus (Taxillus yadoriki). Seogwipo, Jeju Island, where T. yadoriki grows naturally, was examined to clarify the diversity of host species, their location, and the part of the tree where T. yadoriki is attached. A total of 687 host trees were found. Taxillus yadoriki was intensively distributed in the lowlands below 200 m a.s.l. The host trees belonged to 40 species, four varieties, three cultivars, and two hybrids from 32 genera and 21 families, of which 23 taxa were identified as host plants for the first time in this study. Incredibly, this plant was found to be able to parasitize a variety of plants from 12 orders. Taxillus yadoriki was found to be parasitic in three orders of Gymnosperms, Ginkgoales, Cupressales, and Pinales, as well as nine orders of Angiosperms, including Magnoliales, Rosales, and Ericales. Rosaceae was the most diverse at 18.0%, and most species were broad-leaved and arboreal. Among them, Cryptomeria japonica and Litsea japonica had the highest frequency of parasitization and T. yadoriki was mainly attached to the upper part of the main tree and the main branch; as a result, T. yadoriki was distributed and showed specificity in the position of disturbance on the host. T. yadoriki’s specific distribution model was built as a Maxent program. The area under the curve of the receiver operation characteristic was 0.948 ± 0.026 (mean ± standard deviation), and the performance of the constructed model was excellent. Of the total eight environmental factors, density of artistic forest and meant temperature of coldest quarter accounted for 75.3% of the total importance, which was the main distribution determinant of species. In the average distribution probability map of T. yadoriki, the critical probability for determining distribution was calculated to be 0.2898 ± 0.1018. Accordingly, the distribution of species is predicted to expand from Jeju Island to the entire southern and southeastern coasts.
Forecasting Dendrolimus sibiricus Outbreaks: Data Analysis and Genetic Programming-Based Predictive Modeling
Authors: Malashin Ivan , Masich Igor , Tynchenko Vadim , Nelyub Vladimir , Borodulin Aleksei , Gantimurov Andrei , Shkaberina Guzel , Rezova Natalya
Published: May 2024

This study presents an approach to forecast outbreaks of Dendrolimus sibiricus, a significant pest affecting taiga ecosystems. Leveraging comprehensive datasets encompassing climatic variables and forest attributes from 15,000 taiga parcels in the Krasnoyarsk Krai region, we employ genetic programming-based predictive modeling. Our methodology utilizes Random Forest algorithm to develop robust forecasting model through integrated data analysis techniques. By optimizing hyperparameters within the predictive model, we achieved heightened accuracy, reaching a maximum precision of 0.9941 in forecasting pest outbreaks up to one year in advance.
Extracting the DBH of Moso Bamboo Forests Using LiDAR: Parameter Optimization and Accuracy Evaluation
Authors: Li Longwei , Wei Linjia , Li Nan , Zhang Shijun , Wu Zhicheng , Dong Miaofei , Chen Yuyun
Published: May 2024

The accurate determination of the Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of Moso bamboo is crucial for estimating biomass and carbon storage in Moso bamboo forests. In this research, we utilized handheld LiDAR point cloud data to extract the DBH of Moso bamboo and enhanced the accuracy of diameter fitting by optimizing denoising parameters. Specifically, we fine-tuned two denoising parameters, neighborhood point number and standard deviation multiplier, across five gradient levels for denoising. Subsequently, DBH fitting was conducted on data processed with varying denoising parameters, followed by a precision evaluation to investigate the key factors influencing the accuracy of Moso bamboo DBH fitting. The research results indicate that a handheld laser was used to scan six plots, from which 132 single Moso bamboo trees were selected. Out of these, 122 single trees were successfully segmented and identified, achieving an accuracy rate of 92.4% in identifying single Moso bamboo trees, with an average accuracy of 95.64% in extracting DBH for individual plants; the mean error was ±1.8 cm. Notably, setting the minimum neighborhood point to 10 resulted in the highest fitting accuracy for DBH. Moreover, the optimal standard deviation multiplier threshold was found to be 1 in high-density forest plots and 2 in low-density forest plots. Forest condition and slope were identified as the primary factors impacting the accuracy of Moso bamboo DBH fitting.
First Report of Fusarium vanettenii Causing Fusarium Root Rot in Fatsia japonica in China
Authors: Xu Xiaoqiao , Dai Tingting , Wu Cuiping
Published: May 2024

Fatsia japonica plays an important role as a commonly used plant in urban landscaping. From 2022 to 2023, a root rot infestation was observed that caused extensive wilting of Fatsia japonica without leaf shedding and eventual death of the plant, severely reducing the ornamental qualities of the plant as well as the vigor of its growth. Fusarium species were isolated from the roots of the affected plants, exhibiting abundant and dense yellow mycelial colonies that proliferated radially from the center of the Petri dishes. Morphological examinations revealed the presence of falciform macro- and microconidia consistent with Fusarium, as well as chlamydospores characterized by their thick walls. For further identification, the amplification and sequencing of the ITS, TEF1 alpha, and RPB2 alpha genes were performed. Finally, healthy Fatsia japonica plants were inoculated with a spore suspension of the pathogen, to confirm that the disease symptoms were compatible with naturally occurring infection. Fusarium vanettenii was identified as the causative agent of Fatsia japonica root rot. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of F. vanettenii causing root rot of Fatsia japonica in China.
Root Respiration–Trait Relationships Are Influenced by Leaf Habit in Tropical Plants
Authors: Deng Danting , Sun Yanfei , Yang Meiqiu
Published: May 2024

Root respiration is a critical physiological trait that significantly influences root system activity. Recent studies have associated root respiration with the economic functioning of roots; however, research on root respiration in tropical plants remains limited. This study examined the fine root respiration and the relationship between root respiration and root chemical and morphological traits in 16 tropical plant species, including both evergreen and deciduous species. Findings revealed that deciduous species exhibited higher root respiration compared to evergreen species. Root respiration positively correlated with root nitrogen concentration and specific root length and correlated negatively with root diameter and root tissue density across all species. The root respiration patterns in evergreen species aligned with those seen in all tree species, while deciduous species showed a distinct negative correlation with root tissue density and no significant correlations with other root traits. Principal component analysis revealed that the patterns of root variation in both evergreen and deciduous trees were multidimensional, with deciduous trees exhibiting acquisitive traits and evergreen trees displaying conservative traits. Random forest and multiple regression analysis showed that specific root length exerted the most significant influence on root respiration in both evergreen and deciduous trees. These findings are ecologically significant, enhancing our understanding of root respiration in tropical plants and its impact on ecosystem functions. They contribute valuable insights and support the conservation and management of tropical vegetation.
Impact of Esterification with Octenyl Succinic Anhydride on the Structural Characteristics and Glucose Response in Mice of Wheat Starch
Authors: Lee Hyun Sung , Jeong Gyeong A , Lim Seokwon , Lee Chang Joo
Published: May 2024

In this study, we investigated the structural properties and digestibility of wheat starch treated with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). For the experiment, the samples were reacted with 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% OSA (pH 8.5–9.0) for 2 h. A light micrograph showed that there was no difference in the morphology and Maltese cross between native and OSA-treated starch. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the native and OSA-treated starches showed typical A-type diffraction. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum showed a distinct carbonyl peak at approximately 1730 cm−1, indicating the stretching vibration of the C=O bond of the ester group. The degree of substitution (DS) and content of resistant starch (RS) increased with increasing concentrations of treated OSA because of the increase in ester bonds. In particular, RS was thermostable compared to the RS content in uncooked and cooked starch. Blood glucose levels and response in vivo decreased as the OSA concentration increased. Treatment of wheat starch with 8% OSA concentration produced 35.6% heat-stable resistant starch. These results suggest that starch modified with OSA can be used to produce functional foods for diabetes.
Moringa, Milk Thistle, and Jujube Seed Cold-Pressed Oils: Characteristic Profiles, Thermal Properties, and Oxidative Stability
Authors: Sebii Haifa , Karra Sirine , Ghribi Abir Mokni , Danthine Sabine , Blecker Christophe , Attia Hamadi , Besbes Souhail
Published: May 2024

Cold-pressed moringa, milk thistle, and jujube seed oils were investigated in terms of their characteristic profiles, thermal properties, and oxidative stability. The findings proved that the extracted oils were characterized by high nutritional values, which encourages their use in various fields. Results showed significant differences between the obtained oils. Overall, jujube seed oil exhibited the best quality parameters, with acidity equal to 0.762 versus 1% for the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Milk thistle seed oil showed absorbance in the UV-C (100–290 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-A (320–400 nm) ranges, while the moringa and jujube seed oils showed absorbance only in the UV-B and UV-A ranges. Concerning bioactive compounds, jujube seed oil presented the highest content of polyphenols, which promoted a good scavenging capacity (90% at 10 µg/mL) compared to the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Assessing the thermal properties of the obtained oils showed the presence of four groups of triglycerides in the moringa and milk thistle seed oils, and two groups of triglycerides in the jujube seed oil. The thermograms were constant at temperatures above 10 °C for milk thistle seed oil, 15 °C for jujube seed oil, and 30 °C for moringa seed oil, which corresponded to complete liquefaction of the oils. The extinction coefficients K232 and K270, monitored during storage for 60 days at 60 °C, proved that jujube seed oil had the highest polyphenols content and was the most stable against thermal oxidation.
In Vitro and In Silico Biological Evaluation of the Essential Oil from Syzigium cumini Leaves as a Source of Novel Antifungal and Trichomonacidal Agents
Authors: Silva José Thyálisson da Costa , Moreira Fabio Caboclo , Bezerra José Jailson Lima , Farias Naiza Saraiva , Menêses Aparecida Vitória Silva , Santos Andressa Guilhermino dos , Santana Mariana dos Santos , Silva Maria Elenilda Paulino da , Fonseca Victor Juno Alencar , Costa Adrielle Rodrigues , Menezes Saulo Almeida , Cruz Rafael Pereira da , Morais-Braga Maria Flaviana Bezerra , Tasca Tiana , Oliveira-Tintino Cícera Datiane de Morais , Coutinho Henrique Douglas Melo , Almeida-Bezerra José Weverton
Published: May 2024

As microbes develop resistance to various drugs, the treatment of infections becomes increasingly challenging, leading to prolonged illness, heightened severity of infections, elevated mortality rates, and increased healthcare costs. Essential oils are lipophilic and volatile mixtures of compounds that have gained attention in research for novel antimicrobial agents. Therefore, the present study evaluated the essential oil of Syzygium cumini leaves (EOSC) in order to prospect its antifungal and trichomonacidal activities. The essential oil from the leaves was extracted by steam distillation and analyzed by GC-MS. Antifungal activity was evaluated using the serial microdilution method. Additionally, the potential of the EOSC as an enhancer of fluconazole (FCZ) action was tested at subinhibitory concentrations. To assess anti-Trichomonas vaginalis activity, concentrations ranging from 15.6 to 500 μg/mL of EOSC were tested. Finally, the SwissADME platform was employed to analyze the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of the major component of EOSC. The GC-MS analysis identified 94.24% of the components of EOSC, with α-pinene (51.11%) and nerol (8.25%) as major constituents. EOSC exhibited low antifungal activity against the evaluated Candida strains. However, the combination of EOSC and FCZ reduced the IC50 against Candida krusei from 45.29 to 0.30 μg/mL. EOSC also demonstrated significant activity against T. vaginalis (IC50 = 88.2 μg/mL). In silico prediction with α-pinene showed low toxic action and important physicochemical aspects for drug production. The essential oil of Syzygium cumini emerges as a promising candidate for the discovery of molecules with potential antifungal and anti-Trichomonas vaginalis applications.
Developing Small-Cargo Flows in Cities Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
Authors: Jarašūnienė Aldona , Išoraitė Margarita , Petraška Artūras
Published: May 2024

Modern technology allows for the simplification of a number of functions in industry and business. Many companies have achieved a high level of robotisation and automation in the use of services, including companies operating in the transport sector, where smart systems help to control load planning, the issuing of documents, the tracking and transportation of shipments, etc. Drones can be exploited as smart assistants in delivering cargo in cities. Since it is a new technology capable of working autonomously, it presents various legal, psychological, and physical challenges. This article presents an analysis of the scientific literature on the development of small-cargo flows using drones and a research methodology on the development of the use of drones, presenting a model which helps to address the issue of cargo delivery in cities.
Oral L-Citrulline Supplementation Improves Fatty Liver and Dyslipidemia in Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity: A Parallel, Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Tovar-Villegas Verónica Ivette , Kang Yejin , Ibarra-Reynoso Lorena del Rocío , Olvera-Juárez Montserrat , Gomez-Ojeda Armando , Bosquez-Mendoza Víctor Manuel , Maldonado-Ríos Miriam Lizette , Garay-Sevilla Ma. Eugenia , Figueroa Arturo
Published: May 2024

Obesity in adolescents is associated with non-communicable risk factors and diseases like metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), which is the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. L-citrulline is a non-protein amino acid that has shown positive effects on the degree of steatosis in animals with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of oral L-citrulline supplementation on liver function and cardiovascular risk factors in adolescents with abdominal obesity and MAFLD. A prospective, double-blind clinical trial in adolescents with abdominal obesity was randomized into two groups: forty-two adolescents were supplemented with L-citrulline (6 g of L-citrulline/day) (n = 22) and placebo (n = 20) for eight weeks. The variables evaluated were anthropometry, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, L-citrulline, L-arginine, malondialdehyde, lipid profile, liver profile, urea, uric acid, and hepatic steatosis by ultrasound. After supplementation, the L-citrulline group had a decrease in liver fat accumulation (p = 0.0007); increases in body weight (p = 0.02), glucose (p = 0.03), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.03); and decreases in BMI (p = 0.002), total cholesterol (p = 0.001), HDL-C (p = 0.01), LDL-C (p = 0.002), and alkaline phosphatase (p = 0.05). L-citrulline for eight weeks decreases hepatic fat accumulation and LDL-C levels in adolescents with abdominal obesity and MAFLD.
Identification of an Objective Cut-Off Point to Define the Clinical Stage T4a in Colon Cancer
Authors: Bautista-Saiz Carolina , Rivera-Moncada Luisa F. , Lino-Silva Leonardo S. , Pérez-Correa Guillermo A. , Frías-Fernández Pedro
Published: May 2024

Introduction: The current state of pathology practice and the variability in diagnosing pT4a colon cancer have been underexplored in existing studies. Our objective was to establish a specific cutoff point to distinguish between the pathological stages of pT3 and pT4a in colon cancer. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving pT3 and pT4 (pN0-2, cM0) colon cancers, measuring the distance to the serosa. Patients were categorized and analyzed based on this distance and the peritoneal reaction, with the aim being to ascertain their prognostic implications. Results: A total of 384 patients were analyzed. Patients with a distance between the invading front of cancer and the serosa ≥ 1 mm without a peritoneal reaction exhibited a median survival of 118 months, contrasting the amount of 70 months for those with <1 mm plus peritoneal reaction. Only lengths <1 mm with peritoneal reaction showed a significant correlation with mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study revealed that patients in whom neoplastic cells were less than 1 mm from the serosal surface, accompanied by a peritoneal reaction (hemorrhage, inflammation, neovascularization, fibrin), had significantly lower survival rates compared to those with more than 1 mm distance and without peritoneal response (70 vs. 118 months, p < 0.001). Hence, such cases should be considered within the pT4a stage.
Heat-Induced Gelation of Chickpea and Faba Bean Flour Ingredients
Authors: Mengozzi Anna , Chiavaro Emma , Barbanti Davide , Bot Francesca
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to investigate the gelling behavior of faba bean (FB) and chickpea (CP) flour between 10 and 20% (w/w) concentration at pH 3.0, 5.0, and 7.0. Both sources formed at pH 3.0 and 5.0 self-standing gels with 12% (w/w) of flour, while 16% (w/w) of flour was required to obtain a gel at pH 7.0. During gelling between 40 and 70 °C, a sharp increase of the elastic modulus G′ was observed in both flours, mainly due to water absorption and swelling of the starch, one of the major constituents in the ingredients. Increasing the temperature at 95 °C, G′ increased due to the denaturation of globulins and therefore the exposure of their internal part, which allowed more hydrophobic interactions and the formation of the gel. After cooling, both FB and CP gels displayed a solid-like behavior (tan δ ranging between 0.11 and 0.18) with G′ values at pH 3.0 and 5.0 significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those at pH 7.0, due to the lower electrostatic repulsions at pHs far from the isoelectric point. The rheological properties were supported by the water binding capacity values, confirming the better gels’ strength described by rheological analysis. These results will enhance our understanding of the role of legume flours in formulating innovative and sustainable food products as alternatives to animal ones.
Editorial for the Special Issue Entitled “Recent Advances in Crosslinked Gels”
Authors: Demirkan Melike Firlak , Hardy John G.
Published: May 2024

A gel can be defined as a semi-solid structure that has mechanical properties ranging from tough to soft, depending on their constituents [...]
A Missense Variant in HACE1 Is Associated with Intellectual Disability, Epilepsy, Spasticity, and Psychomotor Impairment in a Pakistani Kindred
Authors: Usmani Muhammad A. , Ghaffar Amama , Shahzad Mohsin , Akram Javed , Majeed Aisha I. , Malik Kausar , Fatima Khushbakht , Khan Asma A. , Ahmed Zubair M. , Riazuddin Sheikh , Riazuddin Saima
Published: May 2024

Intellectual disability (ID), which affects around 2% to 3% of the population, accounts for 0.63% of the overall prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD). ID is characterized by limitations in a person’s intellectual and adaptive functioning, and is caused by pathogenic variants in more than 1000 genes. Here, we report a rare missense variant (c.350T>C; p.(Leu117Ser)) in HACE1 segregating with NDD syndrome with clinical features including ID, epilepsy, spasticity, global developmental delay, and psychomotor impairment in two siblings of a consanguineous Pakistani kindred. HACE1 encodes a HECT domain and ankyrin repeat containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HACE1), which is involved in protein ubiquitination, localization, and cell division. HACE1 is also predicted to interact with several proteins that have been previously implicated in the ID phenotype in humans. The p.(Leu117Ser) variant replaces an evolutionarily conserved residue of HACE1 and is predicted to be deleterious by various in silico algorithms. Previously, eleven protein truncating variants of HACE1 have been reported in individuals with NDD. However, to our knowledge, p.(Leu117Ser) is the second missense variant in HACE1 found in an individual with NDD.
Mud Spectral Characteristics from the Lusi Eruption, East Java, Indonesia Using Satellite Hyperspectral Data
Authors: Amici Stefania , Buongiorno Maria Fabrizia , Sciarra Alessandra , Mazzini Adriano
Published: May 2024

Imaging spectroscopy allows us to identify surface materials by analyzing the spectra resulting from the light–material interaction. In this preliminary study, we analyze a pair of hyperspectral cubes acquired by PRISMA (on 20 April 2021) and EO1- Hyperion (on 4 July 2015) over the Indonesian Lusi mud eruption. We show the potential suitability of using the two sensors for characterizing the mineralogical features in demanding “wet and muddy” environments such as Lusi. We use spectral library reflectance spectra like Illite Chlorite from the USGS spectral library, which are known to be associated with Lusi volcanic products, to identify minerals. In addition, we have measured the reflectance spectra and composition of Lusi sampled mud collected in November 2014. Finally, we compare them with reflectance spectra from EO1-Hyperion and PRISMA. The use of hyperspectral sensors at improved SNR, such as PRISMA, has shown the potential to determine the mineral composition of Lusi PRISMA data, which allowed the distinction of areas with different turbidities as well. Artifacts in the VNIR spectral region of the L2 PRISMA reflectance product were found, suggesting that future work needs to take into account an independent atmospheric correction rather than using the L2D PRISMA product.
Research Progress in the Application of Google Earth Engine for Grasslands Based on a Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Mashaba-Munghemezulu Zinhle , Nduku Lwandile , Munghemezulu Cilence , Chirima George Johannes
Published: May 2024

Grasslands cover approximately 40% of the Earth’s surface. Thus, they play a pivotal role in supporting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and human livelihoods. These ecosystems provide crucial habitats for specialized plant and animal species, act as carbon sinks to mitigate climate change, and are vital for agriculture and pastoralism. However, grasslands face ongoing threats from certain factors, like land use changes, overgrazing, and climate change. Geospatial technologies have become indispensable to manage and protect these valuable ecosystems. This review focuses on the application of Google Earth Engine (GEE) in grasslands. The study presents a bibliometric analysis of research conducted between 2016–2023. Findings from the analysis reveal a significant growth in the use of GEE and different remote sensing products for grassland studies. Most authors reported grassland degradation in most countries. Additionally, China leads in research contributions, followed by the United States and Brazil. However, the analysis highlights the need for greater involvement from developing countries, particularly in Africa. Furthermore, it highlights the global distribution of research efforts, emphasizes the need for broader international participation.
Early Images of Trauma in George Eliot’s The Lifted Veil
Authors: Rampelli Melissa
Published: May 2024

This paper explores George Eliot’s The Lifted Veil (1859) as an early portrayal of traumatic neurosis, providing a fresh perspective to enhance the existing scholarly attention on trauma in Eliot’s Daniel Deronda. To illustrate potential contemporary diagnoses for Latimer, I examine other prevalent mid-nineteenth-century models of mental pathology, including phrenology, mesmerism, and hemispheric brain disunity. Drawing on Pierre Janet’s trauma theories from the late nineteenth century, I argue that Eliot presents an early portrayal of dissociative trauma through Latimer’s psychological experiences. Latimer’s visions, complex dream-like interactions, and involuntary consciousness splitting provide a framework for understanding dissociation in response to his emotionally traumatic loss of his mother. Eliot’s exploration of dissociation anticipates Pierre Janet’s theories, which underpin contemporary understandings of trauma, revealing a remarkable modernity in Eliot’s approach.
Changes in Mental Health among Japanese University Students during the COVID-19 Era: Differences by College Department, Graduate Level, Sex, and Academic Year
Authors: Underwood Emma , Horita Ryo , Imamura Nanako , Fukao Taku , Adachi Miho , Tajirika Satoko , Izurieta Ricardo , Yamamoto Mayumi
Published: May 2024

This study compared the effects of academic year, college department, and undergraduate or graduate status on Japanese students’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. From 2021–2023, an online survey was conducted using the Counseling Center Assessment of Psychological Systems-Japanese (CCAPS-Japanese) to evaluate students’ mental health; 9395 undergraduate students (4623 female, 4772 male) and 1169 graduate students (380 female, 789 male) responded. Undergraduate students in medicine had lower levels of depression, generalized anxiety, and social anxiety than those in other departments. Engineering students exhibited the highest level of academic distress. First-year students had the highest levels of generalized and social anxiety but the lowest level of academic distress. Second-year students had the lowest level of depression, and third-year students had the highest level of academic distress. Among graduate students, first-year students had higher levels of depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, academic distress, and hostility than second-year students. Undergraduates had poorer mental health than graduate students. Females had higher levels of eating concerns than males among undergraduate students. This study revealed that the mental health of university students was affected by various factors. These findings demonstrate the characteristics of university students requiring early support.
Korean Hospital Nurses’ Experiences with COVID-19: A Meta-Synthesis of Qualitative Findings
Authors: Han Suk-Jung , Hong Hee-Jung , Shin Bok-Soon
Published: May 2024

This study aims to provide a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies examining the perceptions and experiences of nurses who cared for patients in dedicated COVID-19 hospitals in South Korea. We searched key health databases (RISS, KISS, KMbase, NDSL, KoreaMed, DBpia, PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane) from September to November 2023. We reviewed and analyzed articles using a thematic synthesis approach. The quality of the studies was ascertained using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist for qualitative research. Ultimately, 13 studies involving 219 nurses were included in the final review. Six major themes and thirteen subthemes emerged. During the unexpected COVID-19 pandemic, nurses were able to overcome difficult situations through their interactions with patients, sense of a professional mission, and commitment to nursing. Most importantly, they persevered through their collaboration and closeness with fellow nurses, despite confusion about their professional identity, the ethical dilemmas they faced in patient care, and the conflicting attitudes of their social support system. To prepare for future infectious disease outbreaks, a multifaceted support system should be established to enable nurses to have positive interactions with their families, colleagues, and patients, which have become central to their resilience.
Measurement-Based Care in Youth: An Opportunity for Better Clinical Outcomes?
Authors: Frontini Roberta , Costa Catarina , Baptista Sílvia , Garcia Constança do Carmo , Vian-Lains António
Published: May 2024

Measurement-based care (MBC) is a procedure in which systematic and routine assessments are performed. Through this practice, clinicians can verify the progress of the symptomatology of the patient and adapt the appointments and the intervention to the current symptoms. Studies have reflected on the importance and the benefits of this type of procedure in the adult population, and have shown positive results. However, there is a lack of evidence concerning the remaining populations. Regarding youth, for instance, few articles have evaluated the benefits of using this procedure in clinical practice. However, research focused on this topic has revealed positive results, especially when clinicians were loyal to the MBC procedures. Still, further research is needed. This letter aims to share the methodology used by our multidisciplinary team, composed of psychologists and psychiatrists, in a clinical context at the Hospital Cruz Vermelha, Lisboa, applied to the adult population; the objective is to share and discuss some alterations that could be made to our evaluation protocol to enable the same to be used with the youth population. We believe that implementing MBC for youth is crucial for several reasons, including enhanced treatment efficacy, more personalized treatment, a reduced reliance on subjectivity, and empowerment not only of patients but also families.
Risk Factors for Overweight and Obesity in Later School-Aged Children: Focus on Lifestyle Behaviours and Psychosocial Characteristics
Authors: Eo Yong-Sook , Kim Myo-Sung
Published: May 2024

The study analysed the 12th wave (2019) of data from the Panel Study on Korean Children conducted by the Korea Institute of Child Care and Education. A total of 1174 children were selected as the subjects of the study. The results concerning the identifying factors influencing overweight and obesity in later school-aged children revealed that when compared to boys, girls were 1.66 times more likely to be overweight or obese. Moreover, for every one-hour increase in media usage time, the likelihood of being overweight or obese increased by 1.23 times, and for every one-point increase in body dissatisfaction, the probability of being overweight or obese increased by 2.07 times. However, among personality traits, neuroticism was associated with a 0.96 times lower likelihood of being overweight or obese. These findings underscore the significance of considering not only lifestyle factors but also psychosocial characteristics such as body dissatisfaction and neuroticism as predictive factors for overweight and obesity in later school-aged children, providing a basis for intervention.
A Comprehensive Workplace Exercise Intervention to Reduce Musculoskeletal Pain and Improve Functional Capacity in Office Workers: A Randomized Controlled Study
Authors: Karatrantou Konstantina , Gerodimos Vassilis
Published: May 2024

The high levels of musculoskeletal pain, in conjunction with the low levels of functional capacity, may negatively affect workers’ health, efficiency, and productivity. This randomized controlled study investigated the efficacy of a 6-month comprehensive workplace exercise program on musculoskeletal pain and functional capacity in office workers. Seventy male and female office workers with musculoskeletal pain in any body area were randomly assigned to either an intervention (IG; n = 35) or a control group (CG; n = 35). The IG participated every working day (during working hours) in a 6-month supervised combined (flexibility, strength, and balance) exercise program (120 training sessions; five times/week) for the total body. The CG did not participate in any intervention. Musculoskeletal pains in nine body areas and functional capacity (flexibility, balance, and strength) of the lower and upper body were measured before and following the intervention. The IG significantly reduced duration and intensity of pain (43.1–70%; p = 0.000) as well as days of work absenteeism (84.6%; p = 0.000), while improving work capacity (87.1%; p = 0.000). Furthermore, the IG significantly increased cervical, handgrip, back, and leg maximal strength (10.3–27.1%; p = 0.000) and flexibility and balance (12.3–73.7%; p = 0.000). In CG, all musculoskeletal pain and functional capacity indices remained unchanged. In conclusion, this program may be effectively used to reduce musculoskeletal pain and improve functional capacity.
Effect of Therapeutic Gardening Program in Urban Gardens on the Mental Health of Children and Their Caregivers with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Baik Hyunjin , Choi Sueran , An Miae , Jin Hyeyoung , Kang Insoon , Yoon Wonsuck , Yoo Young
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to identify the physical and psychological difficulties of children with atopic dermatitis and their caregivers, and to investigate the effects of participation in a novel therapeutic gardening program based on psychological intervention on their physical and mental health. The program, consisting of 15 sessions, was conducted for approximately 4 months in urban gardens in Seoul and involved 30 children with atopic dermatitis and their caregivers. Additionally, a control group of 30 non-participating caregivers was recruited for comparative analysis. The psychological and emotional changes in caregivers were assessed using six self-report scales (depression, anxiety, stress, vitality, life satisfaction, parenting efficacy) before and after participation in the program. Additionally, the depression index (CDI) and atopic dermatitis index (SCORAD, TEWL) were measured for the children with atopic dermatitis. The research results indicate that the therapeutic gardening program utilizing psychological intervention had a positive impact on the physiological and psychological health of participants. These results are significant as they demonstrate the clinical application of the professionally developed therapeutic gardening program through active intervention and operation. This study suggests that this program can serve as an effective intervention in improving the mental health of both children with atopic dermatitis and their caregivers.
Exploring Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Bibliometric Review of Current Status, Guidelines, Perceived Barriers, and Facilitators and Future Directions
Authors: Ma Ye , Liu Mengjiao , Liu Yuwei , Liu Dongwei , Hou Meijin
Published: May 2024

Background: Physical activity contributes to both physiological and psychosocial benefits for children and adolescents with disabilities. However, the prevalence of physical inactivity is notably higher among disabled young people compared to their healthy peers. Despite this, there is a lack of constructed knowledge structure, evolutionary path, research hotspots, and frontiers in studies related to physical activity in young people with disabilities.Methods: The literature related to the research of physical activity in children and adolescents with disabilities was retrieved from the core collection of the Web of Science. The annual publication numbers and the timing, frequency, and centrality of the co-occurrence network with respect to journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords were analyzed. Additionally, clustering analysis and burst analysis were performed on the references and keywords. All analyses were conducted using CiteSpace. Results: A total of 1308 related articles were included. The knowledge structure of research on the physical activity of disabled children and adolescents, including annual publication numbers, influencing journals, countries, institutions, authors, references, and keywords along with their respective collaborative networks, has been constructed. Furthermore, the research foundation, current hot topics, and research frontiers have been identified by analyzing references and keywords. Conclusions: Current research hotspots include interventions, therapies, and programs aimed at enhancing specific skills, as well as addressing the satisfaction of competence to improve motivation and the effectiveness of physical activity. There is also a focus on the development of scales for quantitative studies. Future directions may be toward personalized interventions or programs to enhance physical activity levels among youth with disabilities.
Is There an Association between a Tonsillar Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Arising after a Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Occult Primary? A Case Report and Extensive Literature Review
Authors: Tatsis Dimitris , Niakou Athena , Paraskevopoulos Konstantinos , Papadopoulou Stavroula , Vahtsevanos Konstantinos
Published: May 2024

Objectives: The aim of this review is to focus on the possibility of patients with squamous cell carcinoma to develop a second primary disease such as DLBCL, perhaps because of the irradiation of the head and neck area. Materials and methods: A case of an 89-year-old man is reported, who initially underwent surgical and complementary treatment for neck squamous cell carcinoma of occult primary and later for tonsillar diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Results: The second primary was considered a recurrence in the neck of the original cancer of unknown primary, so a new surgical management was decided. The final pathology report described a diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Conclusions: The importance of maintaining follow-ups for patients with occult primary cancers who are at an elevated risk of developing a metastasis or a second primary carcinoma outbreak is highlighted.
Applications of Photovoice-Based Entrepreneurial-Minded Pedagogical Interventions in the Engineering Classroom
Authors: Kotla Bhavana , Bosman Lisa
Published: May 2024

The recent emergence of generative AI technologies is beginning to shape workforce hiring practices. The shift towards skills-based hiring over degree-based hiring has sparked concerns over the ability of college graduates to be prepared for their career roles. One approach to equip students to work with technology and adapt to rapidly changing environments is the development of an entrepreneurial mindset. One way to cultivate entrepreneurial thinking is through the participatory action research methodology, photovoice. This study explores how photovoice promotes discovery, evaluation, and exploitation of opportunities in university engineering classrooms. For this study, a literature review was conducted to identify, evaluate, and interpret available research. For the review, a five-step process was used. This process included defining a search criterion, constructing a Boolean logic search query, inserting the query into multiple academic search engines/databases, screening and selecting articles, and categorizing and mapping the literature. The review’s findings were organized based on the type of study, participants, duration of study and photovoice interventions used, study outcomes, and entrepreneurial mindset development. The results discussed in this paper offer insights, guidance, recommendations, and future directions for engineering education research.
A Review of Alternative Processes for Green Hydrogen Production Focused on Generating Hydrogen from Biomass
Authors: Damiri Aikaterina Paraskevi , Stamatakis Emmanuel , Bellas Spyros , Zoulias Manos , Mitkidis Georgios , Anastasiadis Anestis G. , Karellas Sotiris , Tzamalis George , Stubos Athanasios , Tsoutsos Theocharis
Published: May 2024

Hydrogen plays a leading role in achieving a future with net zero greenhouse gas emissions. The present challenge is producing green hydrogen to cover the fuel demands of transportation and industry to gain independence from fossil fuels. This review’s goal is to critically demonstrate the existing methods of biomass treatment and assess their ability to scale up. Biomass is an excellent hydrogen carrier and biomass-derived processes are the main target for hydrogen production as they provide an innovative pathway to green hydrogen production. Comparing the existing processes, thermochemical treatment is found to be far more evolved than biological or electrochemical treatment, especially with regard to scaling prospects.
Evaluating Hepatotoxicity: A Comparative Analysis of New Generation versus Historical Antiretroviral Agents
Authors: Abu-Awwad Simona-Alina , Abu-Awwad Ahmed , Suba Madalina-Ianca , Lazureanu Voichita Elena , Bolovan Andrei-Daniel , Rosca Ovidiu , Turaiche Mirela-Mădălina , Benea Adela-Teodora , Hogea Bogdan
Published: May 2024

(1) Background: Since the advent of zidovudine in 1987, antiretroviral therapy has undergone significant evolution, marked by the introduction of 34 antiretroviral drugs and 24 fixed-dose combinations. Despite these advances, hepatotoxicity remains a formidable challenge, influencing morbidity, mortality, and treatment adherence in HIV-infected patients. This study aims to compare the hepatotoxic effects of latest-generation antiretroviral medications with those of older-generation therapies, assessing their long-term impact on liver health in HIV patients. (2) Methods: This retrospective study analyzed data from 304 HIV patients treated with either latest-generation or older-generation antiretroviral drugs over four years. Patients were monitored for hepatotoxicity through liver function tests at diagnosis, six months, and one-year post-treatment initiation. (3) Results: Initial and six-month liver function tests showed no significant differences between the two groups. However, at one-year post-treatment, patients on latest-generation antiretrovirals exhibited significant improvements in ALT, AST, and ALP levels, suggesting a better safety profile regarding hepatotoxicity. Additionally, a significantly lower incidence of splenomegaly was observed in patients treated with newer medications. (4) Conclusions: The findings suggest that the latest-generation antiretroviral medications may offer a safer profile in terms of hepatotoxicity compared to older therapies, with potential benefits for long-term liver health. This study underscores the importance of continuous monitoring and further research to optimize ART strategies, ensuring improved patient outcomes and quality of life for individuals living with HIV.