bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends in the incidence and DALYs of schizophrenia at the global, regional and national levels: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017
Authors: He Hairong , Liu Qingqing , Li Ning , Guo Liyang , Gao Fengjie , Bai Ling , Gao Fan , Lyu Jun
Published: January 2020

Aim

Schizophrenia is a serious health problem worldwide. This systematic analysis aims to quantify the burden of schizophrenia at the global, regional and national levels using the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (GBD 2017).

Methods

We collected detailed information on the number of incidence cases, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and age-standardised incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardised rate of DALYs (ASDR) during 1990–2017 from GBD 2017. The estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) in the ASIR and in the ASDR were calculated to quantify the temporal trends in the ASIR and ASDR of schizophrenia.

Results

Globally there were 1.13 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] = 1.00 to 1.28) incident schizophrenia cases and 12.66 million (95% UI = 9.48 to 15.56) DALYs due to schizophrenia in 2017. The global ASIR decreased slightly from 1990 to 2017 (EAPC = −0.124, 95% UI = −0.114 to −0.135), while the ASDR was stable. The number of incident cases, DALYs, ASIR and ASDR were higher for males than for females. The incident rate and DALYs rate were highest among those aged 20–29 and 30–54 years, respectively. ASIR and ASDR were highest in East Asia in 2017, at 19.66 (95% UI = 17.72 to 22.00) and 205.23 (95% UI = 153.13 to 253.34), respectively. In 2017, the ASIR was highest in countries with a high-moderate sociodemographic index (SDI) and the ASDR was highest in high-SDI countries. We also found that the EAPC in ASDR was negatively correlated with the ASDR in 1990 (P = 0.001, ρ = −0.23).

Conclusion

The global burden of schizophrenia remains large and continues to increase, thereby increasing the burden on health-care systems. The reported findings should be useful for resource allocation and health services planning for the increasing numbers of patients with schizophrenia in ageing societies.
The hidden injustices of advancing solar geoengineering research
Authors: Stephens Jennie C. , Surprise Kevin
Published: January 2020

Advancing solar geoengineering research is associated with multiple hidden injustices that are revealed by addressing three questions: Who is conducting and funding solar geoengineering research? How do those advocating for solar geoengineering research think about social justice and social change? How is this technology likely to be deployed? Navigating these questions reveals that solar geoengineering research is being advocated for by a small group of primarily white men at elite institutions in the Global North, funded largely by billionaires or their philanthropic arms, who are increasingly adopting militarized approaches and logics. Solar geoengineering research advances an extreme, expert–elite technocratic intervention into the global climate system that would serve to further concentrate contemporary forms of political and economic power. For these reasons, we argue that it is unethical and unjust to advance solar geoengineering research.
Nonchemical annual bluegrass (Poa annua) management in zoysiagrass via fraise mowing
Authors: Brosnan James T. , Breeden Gregory K. , Zobel John M. , Patton Aaron J. , Law Quincy D.
Published: January 2020

Continued reliance on chemical methods for controlling annual bluegrass has resulted in many populations evolving resistance to PRE and POST herbicides, particularly in warm-season turfgrass species such as zoysiagrass. Soil seedbank management is critically important when managing herbicide-resistant weeds. Fraise mowing (also spelled fraze, frase, and fraize) is a new turfgrass cultivation practice designed to remove aboveground biomass while allowing turf to regrow vegetatively. We hypothesized that this process would remove annual bluegrass seed and therefore be a mechanical means of controlling annual bluegrass in turfgrass. Zoysiagrass field plots were fraise-mowed in June 2015 only, June 2016 only, June 2015 and June 2016, or left untreated. The fraise mower was configured to remove the uppermost 25 mm of plot surface (i.e., 15-mm verdure and 10-mm soil). Annual bluegrass infestation was quantified in April following fraise mowing via grid count. Soil cores (10.8 cm diameter) were extracted from each plot after grid count data were collected to assess effects of fraise mowing on the soil seedbank. Moreover, replicated subsamples (7.6 L) of debris generated during fraise mowing were collected to better understand weed seed content removed during the fraise mowing process. Fraise mowing in June offered a slight reduction (24%) in annual bluegrass cover the following April. Whereas 28% of the seed in fraise-mowing debris consisted of annual bluegrass, there was no difference in the quantity of annual bluegrass seed remaining in the soil seedbank among fraise-mowed and non–fraise-mowed plots. Although fraise mowing may help to temporarily reduce existing annual bluegrass infestations via mechanical removal, the frequency and depth we studied did not effectively reduce the seedbank. Fraise mowing is a useful tool for providing mechanical suppression of annual bluegrass but it is not a replacement for properly timed herbicide applications.
Herbicide programs for control of glyphosate-resistant canola (Brassica napus) in glyphosate-resistant soybean
Authors: Mierau Allyson , Kurtenbach Moria E. , Johnson Eric N. , Gulden Robert H. , Weber Jessica D. , May William E. , Willenborg Christian J.
Published: January 2020

Glyphosate-resistant (GR) canola is a widely grown crop across western Canada and has quickly become a prolific volunteer weed. Glyphosate-resistant soybean is rapidly gaining acreage in western Canada. Thus, there is a need to evaluate herbicide options to manage volunteer GR canola in GR soybean crops. We conducted an experiment to evaluate the efficacy of various PRE and POST herbicides applied sequentially to volunteer GR canola and to evaluate soybean injury caused by these herbicides. Trials were conducted across Saskatchewan and Manitoba in 2014 and 2015. All treatments provided a range of suppression (>70%) to control (>80%) of volunteer canola. All treatments with the exception of the glyphosate-treated control reduced aboveground canola biomass by an average of 96%. As well, canola seed contamination was reduced from 36% to less than 5% when a PRE and POST herbicide were both used. Moreover, all combinations of herbicides used had excellent crop safety (<10%). All PRE and POST herbicide combinations provided better control of volunteer canola compared with the glyphosate-only control, but tribenuron followed by bentazon and tribenuron followed by imazamox plus bentazon provided solutions that were low cost, currently available (registered in western Canada), and had the potential to minimize development of herbicide resistance in other weeds.
Herbicide programs to manage glyphosate/dicamba-resistant kochia (Bassia scoparia) in glyphosate/dicamba-resistant soybean
Authors: Yadav Ramawatar , Kumar Vipan , Jha Prashant
Published: January 2020

Evolution of kochia resistance to glyphosate and dicamba is a concern for growers in the US Great Plains. An increasing use of glyphosate and dicamba with the widespread adoption of glyphosate/dicamba-resistant (GDR) soybean in recent years may warrant greater attention. Long-term stewardship of this new stacked-trait technology will require the implementation of diverse weed control strategies, such as the use of soil-residual herbicides (PRE) aimed at effective control of GDR kochia. Field experiments were conducted in Huntley, MT, in 2017 and 2018, and Hays, KS, in 2018 to determine the effectiveness of various PRE herbicides applied alone or followed by (fb) a POST treatment of glyphosate plus dicamba for controlling GDR kochia in GDR soybean. Among PRE herbicides tested, sulfentrazone provided complete (100%), season-long control of GDR kochia at both sites. In addition, PRE fb POST programs tested in this study brought 71% to 100% control of GDR kochia throughout the season at both sites. Pyroxasulfone applied PRE resulted in 57% to 70% control across sites at 9 to 10 wk after PRE (WAPRE). However, mixing dicamba with pyroxasulfone improved control up to 25% at both sites. Kochia plants surviving pyroxasulfone applied PRE alone produced 2,530 seeds m−2 compared with pyroxasulfone + dicamba (230 seeds m−2) at the Montana site. No differences in soybean grain yields were observed with PRE alone or PRE fb POST treatments at the Montana site; however, dicamba, pyroxasulfone, and pendimethalin + dimethenamid-P applied PRE brought lower grain yield (1,150 kg ha−1) compared to all other tested programs at the Kansas site. In conclusion, effective PRE or PRE fb POST (two-pass) programs tested in this research should be proactively utilized by the growers to manage GDR kochia in GDR soybean.
Race structure of cowpea witchweed (Striga gesnerioides) in West Africa and its implications for Striga resistance breeding of cowpea
Authors: Ohlson Erik W. , Timko Michael P.
Published: January 2020

Cowpea witchweed [Striga gesnerioides (Willd.) Vatke] is a primary constraint of cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] production in West Africa. Previously, seven S. gesnerioides races were classified based upon host specificity and genotypic profiling. Because race number and distribution are dynamic systems influenced by gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection, a thorough investigation of S. gesnerioides diversity and the effectiveness of known sources of resistance in cowpea is needed to develop varieties with durable and broad-spectrum Striga resistance. In this study, we screened seven cowpea lines against 58 unique S. gesnerioides populations collected from across nine West African countries. Individuals from 10 S. gesnerioides populations were genotyped with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. We identified six races of S. gesnerioides based on their parasitism of the seven cowpea lines with known differential resistance genotypes. No cowpea line was resistant to all 58 Striga populations and none of the Striga populations were able to overcome the resistance of all seven lines. A novel race, SG6, of the parasite collected from Kudu, Nigeria, was found to overcome more cowpea resistance genes than any previously reported race. SSR analysis indicates that Striga populations are highly differentiated and genetic relatedness generally corresponds with geographic proximity rather than their host compatibility. Due to the dearth of broad-spectrum resistance found among Striga-resistant cowpea lines, there exists a need to stack multiple Striga resistance genes in order to confer broad-spectrum and durable resistance.
Monte Carlo Evaluation of the Europa Clipper TID Margin Based on the Variability of the Jovian Radiation Environment With Application for Mission Design
Authors: Andersen A. , Kim W. , McClure S. , Jun I.
Published: January 2020

The Europa Clipper mission will repeatedly pass in and out of the Jovian radiation belts as it explores the icy moon. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of any safety margins for total ionizing dose (TID) ratings on Europa Clipper spacecraft components, the variability of the expected radiation environment must be considered. This study outlines a Monte Carlo calculation of the cumulative probability that the TID will deviate from the nominal value of 150 krad (Si) based on the lognormal distributions of electron fluxes observed in the Jupiter environment by the Galileo Energetic Particle Detector instrument. Our model shows that parts hardened to 300 krad (Si) for a radiation design factor of 2 are expected to withstand the measured variations of the Jupiter radiation environment with margin. This result can be scaled to apply to all parts and materials with different TID levels for the Europa Clipper mission.
Groundwater Depletion Embedded in Domestic Transfers and International Exports of the United States
Authors: Gumidyala Sajani , Ruess Paul J. , Konar Megan , Marston Landon , Dalin Carole , Wada Yoshihide
Published: January 2020

The United States plays a key role in global food security by producing and exporting agricultural products. Groundwater irrigation is increasingly important in agricultural production, nearly tripling since records began in 1950. Increased reliance on groundwater and prolonged unsustainable pumping of aquifers has led to groundwater depletion in many areas. In this study, we ask: How much groundwater depletion is embedded in the domestic transfers and international agricultural exports of the United States? How much do domestic and international agricultural commodity fluxes rely on unsustainable groundwater use? To address these questions, we quantify the amount of nonrenewable groundwater that is incorporated into agricultural commodities produced in the United States and transferred both within the country and exported internationally. We find that 26.3 km
of nonrenewable groundwater was transferred domestically in 2002 and 2.7 km
was sent abroad. In 2012, 34.8 km
was transferred domestically and 3.7 km
was exported. This indicates an increase of 32% in domestic transfers and 38% in international exports. In 2002, we find that 1,491,126 kt (340 billion USD) of agricultural products reliant on nonrenewable groundwater were domestically transferred, while 119,048 kt (47 billion USD) were exported. In 2012, the mass transfer of agricultural goods reliant on unsustainable groundwater decreased, but their value in national and international supply chains increased by 54% and 31%, respectively. Our results underscore the importance of the long‐term risks posed to global agricultural supply chains from reliance on unsustainable groundwater use.
Transient Solute Dispersion in Wetland Flows With Submerged Vegetation: An Analytical Study in Terms of Time‐Dependent Properties
Authors: Guo Jinlan , Jiang Weiquan , Chen Guoqian
Published: January 2020

Predicting the concentration distribution of solute transport in vegetated flows is significant for associated environmental applications in water resources. While a semianalytical study has been made for the steady dispersion with a continuous release (Rubol et al., 2016, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR018907), an in‐depth analytical investigation has yet to be performed for the more complicated case of transient dispersion due to an instantaneous release. In regard to the pioneering benchmark observation (Murphy et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005229) of transient solute dispersion in a submerged vegetated flow for an instantaneous source release at the top of the canopy, an extensive analytical effort is paid in this work to derive the time‐dependent basic properties and to investigate the temporal evolution of concentration distribution. Obtained large‐time asymptotic dispersivities agree well with available experimental results (Murphy et al., 2007, https://doi.org/10.1029/2006WR005229), with higher significance (
,
) for correlation between analytical results and experimental data. Analytical solutions covering effects of dispersivity, skewness, and kurtosis of detailed concentration distribution are compared satisfactorily with numerical results obtained by the random displacement method. The findings illuminate the applicability of this analytical approach in environmental risk assessment and water quality management.
UCP2-induced hypoxia promotes lipid accumulation and tubulointerstitial fibrosis during ischemic kidney injury
Authors: Ke Qingqing , Yuan Qi , Qin Nan , Shi Caifeng , Luo Jing , Fang Yi , Xu Lingling , Sun Qi , Zen Ke , Jiang Lei , Zhou Yang , Yang Junwei
Published: January 2020

Mitochondrial dysfunction leads to loss of renal function and structure; however, the precise mechanisms by which mitochondrial function can regulate renal fibrosis remain unclear. Proximal tubular cells (PTCs) prefer fatty acid oxidation as their energy source and dysregulation of lipid metabolism has been linked to tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). Here, we demonstrated that mitochondrial uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) regulates TIF through the stimulation of lipid deposition and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation. We show that UCP2 expression was increased in human biopsy sample and mouse kidney tissues with TIF. Moreover, UCP2-deficient mice displayed mitigated renal fibrosis in I/R-induced mouse model of TIF. Consistent with these results, UCP2 deficiency displayed reduced lipid deposition and ECM accumulation in vivo and in vitro. In UCP2-deficient PTCs, inhibition of TIF resulted from downregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), a key regulator of lipid metabolism and ECM accumulation. Furthermore, we describe a molecular mechanism by which UCP2 regulates HIF-1α stabilization through regulation of mitochondrial respiration and tissue hypoxia during TIF. HIF-1α inhibition by siRNA suppressed lipid and ECM accumulation by restoration of PPARα and CPT1α, as well as suppression of fibronectin and collagen I expression in PTCs. In conclusion, our results suggest that UCP2 regulates TIF by inducing the HIF-1α stabilization pathway in tubular cells. These results identify UCP2 as a potential therapeutic target in treating chronic renal fibrosis.
Acidity enhancement through synergy of penta- and tetra-coordinated aluminum species in amorphous silica networks
Authors: Wang Zichun , Li Tong , Jiang Yijiao , Lafon Olivier , Liu Zongwen , Trébosc Julien , Baiker Alfons , Amoureux Jean-Paul , Huang Jun
Published: January 2020

Amorphous silica-aluminas (ASAs) are widely used in acid-catalyzed C-H activation reactions and biomass conversions in large scale, which can be promoted by increasing the strength of surface Brønsted acid sites (BAS). Here, we demonstrate the first observation on a synergistic effect caused by two neighboring Al centers interacting with the same silanol group in flame-made ASAs with high Al content. The two close Al centers decrease the electron density on the silanol oxygen and thereby enhance its acidity, which is comparable to that of dealuminated zeolites, while ASAs with small or moderate Al contents provide mainly moderate acidity, much lower than that of zeolites. The ASAs with enhanced acidity exhibit outstanding performances in C–H bond activation of benzene and glucose dehydration to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, simultaneously with an excellent calcination stability and resistance to leaching, and they offer an interesting potential for a wide range of acid and multifunctional catalysis.
Feshbach resonances in the F + H2O → HF + OH reaction
Authors: Zhang Xiaoren , Li Lulu , Chen Jun , Liu Shu , Zhang Dong H.
Published: January 2020

Transiently trapped quantum states along the reaction coordinate in the transition-state region of a chemical reaction are normally called Feshbach resonances or dynamical resonances. Feshbach resonances trapped in the HF–OH interaction well have been discovered in an earlier photodetchment study of FH2O−; however, it is not clear whether these resonances are accessible by the F + H2O reaction. Here we report an accurate state-to-state quantum dynamics study of the F + H2O → HF + OH reaction on an accurate newly constructed potential energy surface. Pronounced oscillatory structures are observed in the total reaction probabilities, in particular at collision energies below 0.2 eV. Detailed analysis reveals that these oscillating structures originate from the Feshbach resonance states trapped in the hydrogen bond well on the HF(v′ = 2)-OH vibrationally adiabatic potentials, producing mainly HF(v′ = 1) product. Therefore, the resonances observed in the photodetchment study of FH2O− are accessible to the reaction.
The Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications, reproducible analysis of cross-linguistic polysemies
Authors: Rzymski Christoph , Tresoldi Tiago , Greenhill Simon J. , Wu Mei-Shin , Schweikhard Nathanael E. , Koptjevskaja-Tamm Maria , Gast Volker , Bodt Timotheus A. , Hantgan Abbie , Kaiping Gereon A. , Chang Sophie , Lai Yunfan , Morozova Natalia , Arjava Heini , Hübler Nataliia , Koile Ezequiel , Pepper Steve , Proos Mariann , Van Epps Briana , Blanco Ingrid , Hundt Carolin , Monakhov Sergei , Pianykh Kristina , Ramesh Sallona , Gray Russell D. , Forkel Robert , List Johann-Mattis
Published: January 2020

Advances in computer-assisted linguistic research have been greatly influential in reshaping linguistic research. With the increasing availability of interconnected datasets created and curated by researchers, more and more interwoven questions can now be investigated. Such advances, however, are bringing high requirements in terms of rigorousness for preparing and curating datasets. Here we present CLICS, a Database of Cross-Linguistic Colexifications (CLICS). CLICS tackles interconnected interdisciplinary research questions about the colexification of words across semantic categories in the world’s languages, and show-cases best practices for preparing data for cross-linguistic research. This is done by addressing shortcomings of an earlier version of the database, CLICS2, and by supplying an updated version with CLICS3, which massively increases the size and scope of the project. We provide tools and guidelines for this purpose and discuss insights resulting from organizing student tasks for database updates.
Variability of iodine concentrations in the human placenta
Authors: Neven Kristof Y. , Marien Cédric B. D. , Janssen Bram G. , Roels Harry A. , Waegeneers Nadia , Nawrot Tim S. , Ruttens Ann
Published: January 2020

Iodine is an essential trace element, necessary for the production of thyroid hormones, which play a key role in optimal foetal growth and (neuro-) development. To date, iodine deficiency remains a health burden in many countries. We investigated the variability of placental iodine concentrations within and between individuals. We used 20 mother-neonate pairs from the ENVIRONAGE birth cohort, took samples at three standardized locations of the placentas, pooled and digested them, and determined the iodine concentrations using an ICP-MS method as an alternative for the Sandell-Kolthoff method. The variability between and within the three sample regions was calculated using the intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) from the variance components of mixed models. With the Friedman test, the differences between placental biopsies were assessed. The ICC showed a higher between-placenta (68.6%) than within-placenta (31.4%) variability. Subsequently, we used our optimized method to determine iodine concentrations in 498 mother-neonate pairs, which averaged 26.1 μg/kg. For 96 mothers, the urinary iodine concentrations were also determined, which showed no correlation with the placental iodine storage, as was expected. Future studies are necessary to explore the effects of these placental iodine concentrations in relation to health outcomes of mother and child at birth and later in life.
Melanin formation in barley grain occurs within plastids of pericarp and husk cells
Authors: Shoeva Olesya Yu. , Mursalimov Sergey R. , Gracheva Natalya V. , Glagoleva Anastasiya Yu. , Börner Andreas , Khlestkina Elena K.
Published: January 2020

Melanins are a class of darkly pigmented biopolymers which are widely distributed among living organisms. The molecular and cellular mechanisms adopted by bacteria, fungi and animals to synthesize melanin, have been well described, but less is known regarding their production in plants. Here, a pair of barley near isogenic lines, bred to differ with respect to the pigmentation of the spike, was compared in order to understand the tissue and cellular location of melanin deposition. The melanic nature of the pigments purified from black spikes was confirmed by a series of solubility tests and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. An analysis of grains harvested at various stages of their development revealed that intracellular pigmented structures first appeared in the pericarp and the husk of black spike plants at early dough stage. The co-localization of these structures with red autofluorescence suggested that they form in chloroplast-derived plastids, here designated “melanoplasts”. Differences in dynamics of plastid internal structure during grain ripening were detected between the lines by transmission electron microscopy. Both lines accumulated plastoglobuli inside plastids, which persisted in black grain pericarp tissue up to the hard dough stage, while neither plastoglobuli nor any plastids were observed in grain of the control line at this stage. The role of plastoglobuli in melanin synthesis is discussed.
Noninvasive rapid detection of metabolic adaptation in activated human T lymphocytes by hyperpolarized 13C magnetic resonance
Authors: Can Emine , Mishkovsky Mor , Yoshihara Hikari A. I. , Kunz Nicolas , Couturier Dominique-Laurent , Petrausch Ulf , Doucey Marie-Agnès , Comment Arnaud
Published: January 2020

The metabolic shift induced in human CD4+T lymphocytes by stimulation is characterized by an upregulation of glycolysis, leading to an augmentation in lactate production. This adaptation has already been highlighted with various techniques and reported in several previous studies. We herein propose a method to rapidly and noninvasively detect the associated increase in flux from pyruvate to lactate catalyzed by lactate dehydrogenase using hyperpolarized13C magnetic resonance, a technique which can be used forin vivoimaging. It was shown that the conversion of hyperpolarized13C-pyruvate to13C-lactate during the one-minute measurement increased by a mean factor of 3.6 in T cells stimulated for 5 days as compared to resting T cells. This method can be extended to other metabolic substrates and is therefore a powerful tool to noninvasively analyze T cell metabolism, possiblyin vivo.
Local Ancestry Inference in Large Pedigrees
Authors: Wang Heming , Sofer Tamar , Zhang Xiang , Elston Robert C. , Redline Susan , Zhu Xiaofeng
Published: January 2020

Local ancestry, defined as the genetic ancestry at a genomic location of an admixed individual, is widely used as a genetic marker in genetic association and evolutionary genetics studies. Many methods have been developed to infer the local ancestries in a set of unrelated individuals, a few of them have been extended to small nuclear families, but none can be applied to large (e.g. three-generation) pedigrees. In this study, we developed a method, FamANC, that can improve the accuracy of local ancestry inference in large pedigrees by: (1) using an existing algorithm to infer local ancestries for all individuals in a family, assuming (contrary to fact) they are unrelated, and (2) improving its accuracy by correcting inference errors using pedigree structure. Applied on African-American pedigrees from the Cleveland Family Study, FamANC was able to correct all identified Mendelian errors and most of double crossovers.
Regulation of decellularized matrix mediated immune response
Authors: Chakraborty Juhi , Roy Subhadeep , Ghosh Sourabh
Published: January 2020

This review addresses critical gaps and often-ignored aspects of immune response to a decellularized ECM.
A heterobimetallic cumulenic μ-carbido complex
Authors: Hill Anthony F. , Watson Lachlan J.
Published: January 2020

Cleavage of a selenocarbonyl ligand in [W(CSe)(NO)(CO)(Tp*)] by [Re(THF)(CO)2(Cp)] provides heterobimetallic cumulenic μ-carbido and μ-selenido complexes.
Reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal conversion of a photoreactive coordination network for rewritable optical memory storage
Authors: Li Ni-Ya , Chen Jing-Min , Tang Xiao-Yan , Zhang Guo-Ping , Liu Dong
Published: January 2020

Reversible single-crystal-to-single-crystal photoreaction of a coordination network exhibits switchable fluorescence for rewritable optical memory storage.
Ir-Doped Ni-based metal–organic framework ultrathin nanosheets on Ni foam for enhanced urea electro-oxidation
Authors: Xu You , Chai Xingjie , Ren Tianlun , Yu Shanshan , Yu Hongjie , Wang Ziqiang , Li Xiaonian , Wang Liang , Wang Hongjing
Published: January 2020

NiIr-based metal–organic frameworks grown on a nickel foam substrate (NiIr-MOF/NF) are synthesized by a solvothermal method and directly used for urea electro-oxidation.
Nickel/iron-based bimetallic MOF-derived nickel ferrite materials for triethylamine sensing
Authors: Zhai Chengbo , Zhang Hongpeng , Du Liyong , Wang Dongxue , Xing Dejun , Zhang Mingzhe
Published: January 2020

The sensors based on the different sized MOF derived NiFe2O4 polyhedrons exhibit fast TEA response speed and distinguishing sensitivity.
Simulation of Raman and Raman optical activity of saccharides in solution
Authors: Palivec Vladimír , Kopecký Vladimír , Jungwirth Pavel , Bouř Petr , Kaminský Jakub , Martinez-Seara Hector
Published: January 2020

All conformers and anomeric forms of sugars in solutions together with the surrounding waters need to be averaged for reliable simulations of vibrational spectra.
Ir–Biaryl phosphite–oxazoline catalyst libraries: a breakthrough in the asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging olefins
Authors: Biosca Maria , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: January 2020

This work describes our progress in the successful development of phosphite/phosphinite–oxazoline ligands for the Ir-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of challenging olefins.
Harnessing hierarchical architectures to trap light for efficient photoelectrochemical cells
Authors: Tang Songtao , Qiu Weitao , Xiao Shuang , Tong Yexiang , Yang Shihe
Published: January 2020

Functional substructures towards artificial light trapping hierarchies inspired by the natural photosynthesis system.
Enhanced capacitive deionization of saline water using N-doped rod-like porous carbon derived from dual-ligand metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Jing , Yan Tingting , Fang Jianhui , Shen Junjie , Shi Liyi , Zhang Dengsong
Published: January 2020

Enhanced capacitive deionization of saline water has been demonstrated by using N-doped rod-like porous carbon derived from dual-ligand metal–organic frameworks.
A critical review of resource recovery from municipal wastewater treatment plants – market supply potentials, technologies and bottlenecks
Authors: Kehrein Philipp , van Loosdrecht Mark , Osseweijer Patricia , Garfí Marianna , Dewulf Jo , Posada John
Published: January 2020

This critical review reveals the technologies and potentials to recover water, energy, fertilizers and products from municipal WWTPs but also analyses the various bottlenecks that may their hinder successful implementation.
Bridging energy bands to the crystalline and amorphous states of Si QDs
Authors: Alessi Bruno , Macias-Montero Manuel , Maddi Chiranjeevi , Maguire Paul , Svrcek Vladimir , Mariotti Davide
Published: January 2020

The relationship between crystallization process and opto-electronic properties of silicon quantum dots (Si QDs) synthesized by atmospheric pressure plasmas (APPs) is studied.
Thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between silylalkynes and allenylphenols followed by the nucleophilic addition of water: metal-free and economical synthesis of arylcyclobutenals
Authors: Ohno Shohei , Avena Ramon Francisco , Aoyama Hiroshi , Fujioka Hiromichi , Arisawa Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2020

A novel thermal [2 + 2]-cycloaddition between silylalkynes and allenylphenols to form a cyclobutachromene intermediate, followed by the nucleophilic addition of water to yield functionalized arylcyclobutenals.
Magnetism modulation of Co3S4 towards the efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang R. Z. , Zhang Yanning
Published: January 2020

Induced high-spin Co2+ atoms on Co3S4(001) activate the electrochemical properties of adjacent S atoms for the highly-efficient HER.
When finite-size effects dictate the growth dynamics on strained freestanding nanomembranes
Authors: Mezaguer Mourad , Ouahioune Nedjma , Aqua Jean-Noël
Published: January 2020

Strain-sharing and finite-size effects can strongly inhibit or accelerate the growth dynamics on heteroepitaxial freestanding nanomembranes.
High protonic conduction in two metal–organic frameworks containing high-density carboxylic groups
Authors: Qin Yin , Xue Ming-Hao , Dou Bao-Heng , Sun Zhi-Bing , Li Gang
Published: January 2020

The proton conductivities of two stable 2D MOFs are much higher than those of most non-porous PC-MOFs and comparable to those of porous PC-MOFs.
A theoretical study on the electronic structure and phosphorescence properties of two series of iridium(iii) complexes with a four-membered Ir–S–C–S chelating ring
Authors: Chen Tong , Han Deming , Gao Jing , Li Jiawei , Shang Xiaohong
Published: January 2020

The electronic structure and photophysical properties of two series of iridium(iii) complexes with a four-membered Ir–S–C–S chelating ring have been theoretically studied using the DFT and TDDFT method.
Effect of the driving force on nanoparticles growth and shape: an opto-electrochemical study
Authors: Noël Jean-Marc , Miranda Vieira Mathias , Brasiliense Vitor , Lemineur Jean-Francois , Combellas Catherine , Kanoufi Frédéric
Published: January 2020

Single nanoparticle optical tracking analysis allows probing the mechanistic aspects of shape-selectivity during nanoparticle electrosynthesis.
Nanostructured core–shell metal borides–oxides as highly efficient electrocatalysts for photoelectrochemical water oxidation
Authors: Lu Can , Jothi Palani R. , Thersleff Thomas , Budnyak Tetyana M. , Rokicinska Anna , Yubuta Kunio , Dronskowski Richard , Kuśtrowski Piotr , Fokwa Boniface P. T. , Slabon Adam
Published: January 2020

2D CoB nanosheets and FeB nanoplates were employed as catalysts for WO3 photoanodes. The functionalized photoanodes present meaningfully improved PEC water oxidation performances, exceeding Co-Bi- and Co(OH)x-modified WO3 photoanodes.
Interfacial intermixing of Ge/Si core–shell nanowires by thermal annealing
Authors: Zhang Xiaolong , Jevasuwan Wipakorn , Fukata Naoki
Published: January 2020

Ge/Si core–shell nanowires are suggested as potential building blocks of high performance devices. Thermal annealing is a crucial process for optimizing electrical properties because it affects the crystallinity, dopant activation and interface.
Realising biaxial reinforcement via orientation-induced anisotropic swelling in graphene-based elastomers
Authors: Liu Mufeng , Kinloch Ian A. , Young Robert J. , Papageorgiou Dimitrios G.
Published: January 2020

The orientation of graphene contributed to anisotropic reinforcement, since swelling was restrained in the in-plane direction. The Raman study of the 2D band shift of GNPs under biaxial strain revealed the effective biaxial modulus of graphene.
Luminescent Ir(iii)–Ln(iii) coordination polymers showing slow magnetization relaxation
Authors: Fan Kun , Bao Song-Song , Huo Ran , Huang Xin-Da , Liu Yu-Jie , Yu Zi-Wen , Kurmoo Mohamedally , Zheng Li-Min
Published: January 2020

Two structural types of iridium(iii)–lanthanide(iii) coordination polymers, single-chainIr2Lnand double-chainIr4Ln2(Ln = Gd, Dy, Er, and Yb), have been prepared. SMM behaviour and NIR luminescence were observed for the Ir–Er and Ir–Yb systems.
Metal–ligand cooperativity of a Co–P moiety
Authors: Kim Seji , Lee Yunho
Published: January 2020

Metal–ligand cooperative redox reactions and intramolecular group transfer of a P–P containing dicobalt(i) species are shown.
Inorganic planar π-conjugated groups in nonlinear optical crystals: review and outlook
Authors: Gong Pifu , Liu Xiaomeng , Kang Lei , Lin Zheshuai
Published: January 2020

Nonlinear optical crystals with various inorganic planar π-conjugated groups are reviewed based on their bandgaps.
Ru-Catalyzed cascade reaction of α,ω-alkynoic acids and arylethylamines towards the synthesis of aryl-fused heterocycles
Authors: Zheng Yinying , Liu Jiami , Lei Xinsheng
Published: January 2020

A simple, efficient, and mild method for the preparation of aryl-fused heterocycles has been developed using α,ω-alkynoic acids and arylethylamines.
In situ polymerization of graphene-polyaniline@polyimide composite films with high EMI shielding and electrical properties
Authors: Cheng Kui , Li Haoliang , Zhu Mohan , Qiu Hanxun , Yang Junhe
Published: January 2020

With the increasing demands of the electronics industry, electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding has become a critical issue that severely restricts the application of devices.
Asymmetric catalysis in direct nitromethane-free Henry reactions
Authors: Dong Lin , Chen Fen-Er
Published: January 2020

This review summarizes the current state and applications of catalytic Henry reactions involving complex nitroalkanes coupling with various carbonyl compounds to generate chiral β-nitro alcohol scaffolds with four adjacent stereogenic centers.
Enhanced photoelectrochemical water-splitting performance of SrNbO2N photoanodes using flux-assisted synthesis method and surface defect management
Authors: Yang Yingchen , Lou Zirui , Lei Weisheng , Wang Yichen , Liang Rong , Qin Chao , Zhu Liping
Published: January 2020

Particle-assembled SrNbO2N photoanodes were obtained using flux-assisted nitridation reaction. The optimal experimental parameters were studied for SrNbO2N particles with minimum surface defects and high crystallinity.
Realizing Li7La3Zr2O12 garnets with high Li+ conductivity and dense microstructures by Ga/Nb dual substitution for lithium solid-state battery applications
Authors: Lan Weijie , Fan Hongyang , Lau Vincent Wing-hei , Zhang Jiliang , Zhang Jiafeng , Zhao Ruirui , Chen Hongyu
Published: January 2020

High Li+ conductivity and a dense microstructure of LLZO can be realized in LLZO by via Ga/Nb dual substitution.
Kinetics of albumin microbubble dissolution in aqueous media
Authors: Khan Aaqib H. , Dalvi Sameer V.
Published: January 2020

Unique behavior of albumin microbubble dissolution in an aqueous medium has been captured and shell elasticity and shell resistance values have been estimated by applying a mass transfer model to the experimental dissolution data of albumin microbubbles.
Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG microencapsulated in alginate/chitosan hydrogel particles during storage and simulated gastrointestinal digestion: role of chitosan molecular weight
Authors: Qi Xiaoxi , Simsek Senay , Ohm Jae-Bom , Chen Bingcan , Rao Jiajia
Published: January 2020

Chitosan coating improves the long-term stability of sodium alginate hydrogel particles but not the viability of encapsulated probiotics.
Design of ultralong-life Li–CO2 batteries with IrO2 nanoparticles highly dispersed on nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes
Authors: Wu Gang , Li Xue , Zhang Zhang , Dong Peng , Xu Mingli , Peng Hongliang , Zeng Xiaoyuan , Zhang Yingjie , Liao Shijun
Published: January 2020

IrO2 nanoparticles highly dispersed on N-doped carbon nanotubes pave a promising way to deploy an efficient cathode catalyst for ultralong-life Li–CO2 batteries.
A robust self-stabilized electrode based on Al-based metallic glasses for a highly efficient hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Ju Song , Feng Jingqing , Zou Peng , Xu Wei , Wang Shunjie , Gao Weibo , Qiu Hua-Jun , Huo Juntao , Wang Jun-Qiang
Published: January 2020

Al-based metallic glass ribbon with a nanoporous layer of high-entropy alloy is a robust advanced self-stabilized free-standing electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction.
Surface modification of polymeric electrospun scaffoldsviaa potent and high-affinity integrin α4β1 ligand improved the adhesion, spreading and survival of human chorionic villus-derived mesenchymal stem cells: a new insight for fetal tissue engineering
Authors: Hao Dake , Ma Bowen , He Chuanchao , Liu Ruiwu , Farmer Diana L. , Lam Kit S. , Wang Aijun
Published: January 2020

Presenting a potent and high-affinity integrin ligand on the surface of synthetic biomaterial scaffolds improves stem cell-biomaterial interactions for fetal tissue engineering.
Recent development of biofuel cell based self-powered biosensors
Authors: Hao Shuai , Sun Xiaoxuan , Zhang He , Zhai Junfeng , Dong Shaojun
Published: January 2020

BFC-based SPBs have been used as power sources for other devices and as sensors for detecting toxicity and BOM.
Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks in detecting cancer biomarkers
Authors: Afreen Sadia , He Zhimei , Xiao Yan , Zhu Jun-Jie
Published: January 2020

A critical review on the progress of MOFTA sensor and MOF-based detection of cancer biomarkers.
Emerging black phosphorus analogue nanomaterials for high-performance device applications
Authors: Huang Weichun , Li Chao , Gao Lingfeng , Zhang Ye , Wang Yunzheng , Huang Ziyin N. , Chen Tingting , Hu Lanping , Zhang Han
Published: January 2020

Black phosphorus analogues with excellent performance and high chemical stability hold great promise for practical applications.
NiWO4 nanoparticle decorated lignin as electrodes for asymmetric flexible supercapacitors
Authors: Jha Swarn , Mehta Siddhi , Chen Yan , Renner Peter , Sankar Selvasundarasekar Sam , Parkinson Dilworth , Kundu Subrata , Liang Hong
Published: January 2020

Green chemistry enabled the design of a plant based, lightweight, cheap, flexible, and high performance supercapacitor.
Controlling the formation of heliconical smectic phases by molecular design of achiral bent-core molecules
Authors: Poppe Marco , Alaasar Mohamed , Lehmann Anne , Poppe Silvio , Tamba Maria-Gabriela , Kurachkina Marharyta , Eremin Alexey , Nagaraj Mamatha , Vij Jagdish K. , Cai Xiaoqian , Liu Feng , Tschierske Carsten
Published: January 2020

A heliconical lamellar liquid crystalline phase occurs at the paraelectric–(anti)ferroelectric transition if it coincides with a change of the tilt correlation between the layers.
A multilevel vertical photonic memory transistor based on organic semiconductor/inorganic perovskite quantum dot blends
Authors: Yang Huihuang , Yan Yujie , Wu Xiaomin , Liu Yaqian , Chen Qizhen , Zhang Guocheng , Chen Shaomin , Chen Huipeng , Guo Tailiang
Published: January 2020

A vertical photonic memory transistor based on organic semiconductor/inorganic perovskite quantum dots blends was fabricated, which presents new routes for low operational conditions for high-performance photonic memory with high storage density.
Observer‐based robust preview tracking control for a class of non‐linear systems
Authors: Huang Chao , Huang Hailong
Published: January 2020

This study provides an observer‐based robust preview tracking controller for Lipschitz non‐linear systems. Firstly, the non‐linear system dynamics is studied and the non‐linear observer is designed. By introducing the Lyapunov function, the observer gain matrix is obtained through linear matrix inequalities (LMIs). To obtain an effective tracking control law, an augment error system which consists of difference of estimation error, tracking error, difference of estimated status and reference preview information is constructed. The sufficient solutions for observer‐based robust preview controller are analysed using the LMI approach. Two numerical examples are provided to show the flexibility and effectiveness of the proposed robust preview tracking controller.
Online synchronous generator out‐of‐step prediction by electrical power curve fitting
Authors: Sobbouhi Ali Reza , Vahedi Abolfazl
Published: January 2020

In this study, by using generator electrical output power and rotor speed, a new algorithm for out‐of‐step prediction is proposed. In this online method, after fault clearance, the trend of generator output power will be predicted using sinusoidal variable frequency function curve fitting. Finally, time‐domain equal area criterion (TDEAC) is used to evaluate the transient stability. The mathematical proofing of TDEAC and its validity in large‐scale systems are presented too. Real‐time prediction, fast calculation, using only local parameters and estimation of the remaining time until instability are some of the proposed method's advantages. The performance of this algorithm is examined on IEEE 39‐bus New England and Iran electrical power network systems. The results show that the proposed method represents a valuable alternative for out‐of‐step protection possessing fast and high‐efficiency performance. The simulations are carried out using the Power Factory® software and the proposed algorithm has been developed in MATLAB.
Multi‐task learning method for classification of multiple power quality disturbances
Authors: Dong Youli , Cao Hanqiang , Ding Xiaojun , Xu Guoping , Yue Chunyi
Published: January 2020

In this study, the authors propose a multi‐task learning with deconvolution network (MTL‐DN) method for the multi‐label classification of multiple power quality disturbances (MPQDs). First, the labels of MPQDs are assigned to three groups corresponding to three learning tasks and the label correlations among various PQDs are utilised in the joint learning of interrelated tasks. A weighted joint loss function is adopted to balance multiple tasks and to ensure that all of the tasks achieve the global optimum. Second, considering the effect of the pooling operation on transient disturbances, a deconvolution network is employed to reconstruct the erased feature and to merge them into high‐level feature for the final classification. Finally, the authors employed two sets of evaluation metrics to verify the validity of the MTL‐DN method and compared it with three state‐of‐the‐art multi‐label classification methods. Extensive experiments based on simulated and real‐world datasets demonstrated that their method performed better and it greatly improved the accuracy rate for identifying MPQDs under different signal‐to‐noise ratio conditions.
Improving the stability of power transmission lines based on an adaptive single pole auto‐reclosure using a two‐step strategy
Authors: Jannati Mohsen , Nazari Mahdi Yazdan
Published: January 2020

As more than 80% of single line to ground faults in power transmission lines (PTLs) are transient, single pole auto‐reclosure (SPAR) is of considerable importance for increasing the successful SPAR rate, improving power system stability and reducing shocks to the power systems. In this study, a new two‐step strategy for ASPAR is presented. In the first step, the fault type (permanent or transient) is determined using the derivative of the first harmonic of the faulty phase voltage. Then in the second step, the extinguishing moment of the secondary arc is detected in the case of transient occurrence, in which the reclosing signal is sent to the side circuit breakers of the PTL after the secondary arc is completely extinguished. The major features of the proposed scheme are: its capability to detect the permanent fault from the transient one, and determine the extinguishing moment of the secondary arc without the need to define a specific threshold level, its independence from the PTL type and its appropriate structure that facilitates its online hardware implementation and makes it more comprehensive. Extensive simulations in the ElectroMagnetic Transient Program‐RV, as well as practical data testing, demonstrate the accuracy and precision of the proposed method.
PFR ancillary service in low‐inertia power system
Authors: Li Weifeng , Du Pengwei , Lu Ning
Published: January 2020

A high level of renewable resource penetration could lead to displacement of conventional synchronous generators from dispatch, and consequently, reduce the system inertia. The decline in the system inertia will increase the primary frequency response (PFR) need requiring to maintain grid frequency stability. This study proposes a new market design to co‐optimise energy, inertia and PFR while considering uncertainties in renewable energy productions. A full dynamic model of Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) interconnection is used to quantify the PFR requirement for the system inertia. The proposed method explicitly incorporates frequency dynamics and uncertainties in energy production from renewable resources in the scheduling process, which is formulated as a stochastic unit commitment problem. A case study of ERCOT grid demonstrated that the proposed stochastic scheduling of energy, inertia and PFR could yield a more cost‐effective solution than the traditional deterministic formulation for the grids with a high penetration of renewable resources.