bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of ratio loaded and unloaded foot area of flat foot and healthy foot in younger adults
Authors: Dwi Haryadi Gunawan , Basuki Wibowo Dwi , Widodo Achmad , Suprihanto Agus
Published: March 2018

This study is aimed to investigate loaded and unloaded foot area ratio (RFA, ratio of foot area) as special tests for the basis of clinical examination of flat foot and healthy foot. Type of foot is determined by Cavanagh’s arch indexes (AI) which is the ratio between mid foot area to entire footprint area excluding the toes. Type of foot is called high arch when AI<0.21, normal/healthy foot when 0.26>AI≥0.21 and flat foot when AI>0.26. The entire loaded foot and footprint area for evaluating AI derived from a digital footprint is modified from document scanner, while the entire unloaded foot area derived from a 3D scanner. One hundred and two healthy students (87 males and 15 females, average aged 20 years and average BMI 22.51 kg/m2) is asked voluntarily for doing footprint and scan. From 102 subjects found 63 participants identified as flat foot and 31 subjects are healthy feet. This study proves that the higher the value of AI the higher the value of RFA and foot type can be predicted by the value of RFA. For type of foot is high arch RFA<0.49, for healthy foot 0.55>RFA≥0.49 and for flat foot RFA>0.55.
Detection of gear defects using method of wavelet decomposition and cross-correlation - Experiment to develop a feasible detection method
Authors: Hidayat R. Lullus Lambang G , Santoso Budi
Published: March 2018

Detection of machine component failure is very important to be properly applied in a maintenance program in industries. The objective of this research is to detect gear fault using wavelet transforms. The vibration signal is acquired with accelerometer mounted at bearing houses of 2 parallel shafts with 2 spur gears (28 tooth). The gears are rotated at 1200 RPM and the spectrum is displayed. The spectrum cannot indicate gear mesh frequencies (GMF), because they are covered with frequencies such as natural and harmonic frequencies of rotating shaft. This research have developed a method to obtain GMF using wavelet decomposition and cross correlation. The results showed that with FFT applied to cross-correlation of wavelet detil components, spectrum of visible and distinctable GMF has been obtained.
A Review on Sensors for Real-time Monitoring and Control Systems on Machining and Surface Finishing Processes
Authors: Wijaya Tomi , Caesarendra Wahyu , Tjahjowidodo Tegoeh , Pappachan Bobby K , Wee Arthur , Roslan Muhammad Izzat
Published: March 2018

One of the key components in real-time monitoring and control on machining and surface finishing processes are sensors. The advances of such system have triggered interesting questions on sensor selection that act as the fundamental before starting a project. This paper is made to review and answer the questions surrounding sensor selection. The paper first explains on the type of sensors commonly used in practice for real-time monitoring and control systems. After which, the paper discusses on how often the sensors are used on several machining and surface finishing processes and what are the reasons for the sensor selection. Thereafter, a review on the type features commonly analysed through these sensors is discussed. The paper expects reader would decide better upon selecting sensors and has a better direction in their project. Thus the paper works to guide reader to improve based on what has been completed before.
Mechanical and microstructural characterization of ST 37 butt joints by friction stir
Authors: Kasir  , Sulardjaka
Published: March 2018

The aim of this research is to investigate mechanical and microstructure characteristic of ST 37 Friction Stir Welded (FSW) butt joints. The rolled plate of ST 37 steel was used as the base material. Tungsten carbide (20 mm on diameter) was used as the tool. The FSW process was conducted on a CNC milling machine. FSW joints were produced at 1500 and 2000 rpm of rotational speeds variation and the transverse speed is constan at 40 mm/min. Furthermore, the influence of rotational speed on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the joints were investigated based on parameters mentioned above. The tensile test was done based on JISZ 2241 standard. Microhardness was investigated based on ASTM E 384. Joint microstructure was also analyzed by optic microscopy. As a result, FSW joint at 2000 rpm tool rotation shows higher tensile strength, yield strength and percentage of elongation in compare to 1500 rpm rotaton speed. In addition, its tensile strength is about 5 % lower than Base Material (BM) which its ductility decreases up to 30 %.
Enhancement Surface Coating Stainless Steel And Copper Using Ultrasonic Batch
Authors: Yuliarto Margen Sendie , Sulistyo S , Nugroho Sri , Setiawan Adi Nugroho Yoga
Published: March 2018

Electrodeposition is considered an easy and cost effective technique for the manufacture of alloy layers. Various properties for coatings can be achieved by selecting various electrodeposition parameters. These materials have the advantage of corrosion resistance but relatively expensive. They will need alternative materials that can easily obtained and replace these materials. This paper discusses the process of coating stainless steel AISI 304 and copper with Ni. Electric current and coating time is used in the electroplating coating process of Ni to Ni thickness supported by ultrasonic batch. AISI 304 stainless steel and copper coated using nickel (Ni) with variable time and fixed electric current parameters. The electric current used 1.5 ampere, the time of plating process of 60 seconds, 120 seconds, and 180 seconds. The composition of nickel electrolyte solutions using nickel sulfate 300 gr/L, nickel chloride 30 gr/L, and sour borax 30 gr/L with brighteners added one (I) 15 mL and brighteners two (II) 1 mL. Measurement of thickness is done by using optical microscope assisted by imageraster software. The best process used 1.5 amperes of electric current and time of 180 seconds. The value of copper thickness is 26.50 (μm) using ultrasonic batch.
Aluminum corner joint using friction stir welding
Authors: B. Darmadi Djarot , Setiawan Widia , Purnowidodo Anindito , Siswanto Eko
Published: March 2018

This article studies the feasibility of applying Friction Stir Welding (FSW) to an aluminum 6061 corner joint. The friction tool rotated at constant speed (2000 RPM) whilst feed rate varied in 10, 15 and 30 mm/minutes. Generally the lower feed rate produces higher tensile strength due to higher heat is embedded in the base metal, but the 15 mm/minute feed rate exhibited the least tensile strength. Lower feed rate reduces Mg alloy in base metal which in turn decreases the tensile strength. The final tensile strength is the compromise between higher heat input and lower Mg content that is why the 15 mm/minute has lowest tensile strength.
Numerical approaches in idealizing mass of fluid in tank for ship vibration analysis
Authors: Byeon Jung Hoon , Cho Hyun Jin , Baek Seung Jun , Prabowo Aditya Rio , Bae Dong Myung , Sohn Jung Min
Published: March 2018

Vibration analysis is a crucial process in ship design to guarantee crew’s comfortability and to save operating costs by predicting problematical resonance in advance. This study focuses on idealizing fluid mass in tanks by positioning point mass element and quad elements inside the tanks. Also, the added mass effect induced sea water surrounding a ship was included in the present study. The natural frequency obtained from free and forced ship vibration analysis were compared and assessed in the manner of ISO regulation. Finally, it was concluded that the quad element was more adequate to idealize fluid entities in tanks since it was difficult in arranging point mass elements at each grid points properly.
Effect of MgO to Fatty Acid Molar Ratio on the Production of Magnesium Salt of Fatty Acid from Palm Fatty Acid Distillates (PFAD) for Food Additives
Authors: Listianingrum  , Yuniarti Reni , Al-Aziz Rd.H.R.M.T. , Rizaldy Defri , Insanu Muhamad , Harimawan Ardiyan , Lestari Dianika
Published: March 2018

Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD), a by-product of CPO industry, contains approx. 82%-wt of free fatty acids, which can be utilized as raw material for Magnesium Salts of Fatty Acids (Mg-PFAD). The objectives of the experiment were to produce Mg-PFAD salts through saponification-fusion reaction of PFAD at low temperature and ambient pressure and investigate the effect of MgO to fatty acid molar ratio on reaction conversion and yield. Next, washing Mg-PFAD salts with ethanol was able to facilitate the recovery of vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienol) from PFAD. Composition of Mg-PFAD were determined by AAS and GC analysis. Based on the data, yield of Mg-PFAD was increased by the increased of MgO to PFAD molar ratio. Mg-content of the product was within the standard according to FAO reference (4-5%-wt). Reaction was completed within 5-7 min after the addition of H2O (as catalyst).
An innovative method to produce drop-in fuel by alkaline earth-transition metals basic soap decarboxylation
Authors: Fredrik Neonufa Godlief , Pratiwi Meiti , Nur Istyami Astri , Elizabeth Lidya , Suminar Dewi Sri , Purwadi Ronny , Prakoso Tirto , Soerawidjaja Tatang H.
Published: March 2018

Decarboxylation of metal soap is an emerging method to produce drop-in fuels as an alternative to the expensive hydrotreatment process. In this study, the Mg-Fe basic soap produced from palm kernel fatty acid had been successfully decarboxylated into jet-fuel type biohydrocarbons. The Mg-Fe basic soap with ratio of 8:2 mol was decarboxylated for 5 hours at atmospheric pressure and temperature varied up to 370°C; it produced a liquid product whose yield was around 60 %-weight. The resulting hydrocarbon product was a complex mixture consisted of normal paraffins in the range of carbon chain length C8 – C17, iso-and cyclo-paraffins, and various olefin products.
Usability Evaluation of Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Hand Based on ISO 9241-11
Authors: Susanto Novie , Budiawan Wiwik , Ismail Rifky , Ariyanto Mochammad , Sahal Ahmad
Published: March 2018

This paper aims at evaluating an anthropomorphic prosthetic hand based on usability concept. It can be controlled for pre-defined five motions. The assessment is conducted by design approach. Users are given the task according to the rules of hand benchmarking in Southampton Hand Assessment Procedure (SHAP) by using Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Hand to perform daily activities. The quantitative data is obtained by a test that based on the criteria of learnability, memorability, satisfaction, efficiency and errors. The qualitative data is obtained by giving USE (Usefulness, Satisfaction and Ease of Use) questionnaires. The recommendation design is prepared by using Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method to combine suggestions from respondents and product developers. Assessment by USE questionnaires shows that the usability level of Anthropomorphic Prosthetic Hand on the aspect of usefulness is 68.3% and 63.8%; satisfaction is 59.5% and 55.6%. The improvement recommendations based on the result of (QFD) are Variant material to connect to the arm, System to connect to arm, Dimension of connecting to arm, Connection information to the arm, and Instructions for the exercise stage. So that improvement is done in accordance with ISO 9241-11: 1998.
Integration between Green Quality Function Deployment, Modularity Concept and Life Cycle Assessment Toward Sustainable Product Design
Authors: Prastawa Heru , Hartini Sri , Anshori Mohamat , Hans Siechara , Wimba Christoper
Published: March 2018

The design phase is recognized as a key phase in the application of sustainable manufacturing concepts. Green Quality Function Deployment (GQFD) and modularity play an important role in product design. Green Quality Function Deployment produces technical parameters that represent the needs of consumers while taking into account environmental aspects. Modularity benefits manufacturing and flexibility in facing adjustments and changes. Integration of GQFD and modularity is expected to generate synergistic gains from both. The results are measured by life cycle assessment (LCA) to determine the impact of the product on the environment. This study shows that GQFD, modularity and LCA integration in realizing sustainable product design is worthy of consideration. The case study was conducted with the fan because the product is very needed in the tropics, such as Indonesia.
Optimization foam mat drying of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) extract
Authors: Djaeni Mohammad , Utari Febiani Dwi , Arifin Uma Fadzilia
Published: March 2018

In this study, foaming condition of roselle was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and the effect of drying characteristic was investigated. Roselle extract was foamed by addition of 1-5% w/w foaming agents (ovalbumin). The foaming stabilizer, glycerol mono stearate (0-1% w/w) was used to remain mechanic and thermodynamic stability of foam. As the response foam density and drainage volume was determined. The optimum foam variable was then dried at various drying temperatures (50-70°C). The moisture content was observed by gravimetry every 10 minutes for 90 minutes. Result showed that optimum formulation was 3.31% egg albumin and 1% GMS. The constant rate of the foam mat drying (temperature 50°C) was 3 times higher than non foam mat drying. Higher drying temperature can speed up the driving force but lead to color degradation.
The Effect of Shear Wall Configuration on Seismic Performance in the Hotel Building
Authors: Rahmat Wiyono Daud , Milyardi Roi , Lesmana Cindrawaty
Published: March 2018

Earthquake effects on the buildings must be evaluated within the current standard provision. The shape of building gives a unique seismic performance on the structure. In typical hotel building, the lobby area in the first floor usually has some slender columns due to the needs of higher clearance to give a widely space area. The slender columns in the big hall tends to create asymmetric building and torsional behaviour on seismic performance. This behaviour is one of the most frequent source of structural damage and failure. One of the solution is to add shear wall in elevator area. The purpose of this paper is to seek the effect of shear wall configuration in elevator area on the seismic performance through numerical analysis. There are some requirements for structural analysis under seismic load, such as: time period, modal analysis, story drift, and other details. In building with dual system, story shear in frame at each level must carry over 25 % of total story shear at that level. In this study, an eleven-storey hotel building located in Tanjung Pinang City, Indonesia was evaluated due to gravity and seismic load. For the building, the requirements of the time period from the standard are 1.21 sec (minimum) and 1.70 sec (maximum). As results, two-sided shear wall in X direction and two-sided shear wall in Y direction is recommended because it has the best seismic performance, time period below the minimum, story drift below allowable, the dynamic lateral load has meet minimum requirement (85% Static Load), and frame structure has carry more than 25% lateral load in dual system building.
Different species of phosphatidic acid are produced during neuronal growth and neurosecretion
Authors: Tanguy Emeline , Wang Qili , Bagneaux Pierre Coste de , Fouillen Laetitia , Thahouly Tamou , Ammar Mohamed-Raafet , Vitale Nicolas
Published: March 2018

Although originally restricted to their structural role as major constituents of membranes, lipids are now well-defined actors to integrate intracellular or extracellular signals. Accordingly, it has been known for decades that lipids, especially those coming from diet, are important to maintain normal physiological functions and good health. This is especially the case to maintain proper cognitive functions and avoid neuronal degeneration. But besides this empiric knowledge, the exact molecular nature of lipids in cellular signaling, as well as their precise mode of action are only starting to emerge. The recent development of novel pharmacological, molecular, cellular and genetic tools to study lipids in vitro and in vivo has contributed to this improvement in our knowledge. Among these important lipids, phosphatidic acid (PA) plays a unique and central role in a great variety of cellular functions. This article will review the different findings illustrating the involvement of PA generated by phospholipase D (PLD) and diacylglycerol kinases (DGK) in the different steps of neuronal development and neurosecretion. We will also present lipidomic evidences indicating that different species of PA are synthesized during these two key neuronal phenomena.
Rehabilitation nach stationärer COPD
Authors: Koczulla Andreas Rembert , Kenn Klaus , Böselt Tobias , Spielmanns Marc , Schneeberger Tessa , Gerlach Klaus , Sczepanski Bernd , Glöckl Rainer
Published: March 2018

Eine pneumologische Rehabilitationsmaßnahme kann bei COPD-Patienten, insbesondere nach Exazerbationen, die Zahl der Rehospitalisierungen reduzieren und sogar die
Mortalität verringern. Diese Effekte stehen jedoch in einem direkten Zusammenhang mit der Qualität der Rehabilitation, was diese komplex macht. Neben der
Erfassung des medizinischen Status, der Leistungsfähigkeit sowie relevanter Komorbiditäten ist eine spezifische Diagnostik und zielgerichtete Therapie
notwendig. Das schließt neben der medikamentösen Therapie, inklusive Training der Inhalationstechniken, unter Umständen auch endoskopische Therapien (z. B.
Bronchialtoilette) ein. Auch die nicht-invasive Beatmung erhält eine wachsende Bedeutung im rehabilitativen Setting. Dies setzt neben der notwendigen fachlichen
Expertise die Erfahrung und den Mut voraus, diese Patienten auch konkret in die Reha-Trainingsprogramme einzuschließen, die mit NIV durchgeführt werden können –
wie Fahrradergometer-Therapien oder Laufbandtraining – mit dem Ziel, die Patienten einem höheren Trainingsstimulus zuzuführen, welcher die weitere Prognose des
COPD-Patienten beeinflusst. Ein wichtiger Punkt in der Arzt-Patienten-Interaktion ist die Festlegung realistischer Patientenziele, um letztendlich zu einer
dauerhaft aktiveren gesundheitsorientierteren Lebensweise zu gelangen.
Lungentransplantation bei COPD
Authors: Kneidinger Nikolaus , Neurohr Claus
Published: March 2018

Die Lungentransplantation stellt bei Patienten mit COPD im Endstadium eine valide Therapieoption dar. Da allerdings ein Überlebensvorteil durch die
Transplantation nicht sicher belegt ist, hat die Kandidatenauswahl einen hohen Stellenwert. Exazerbationen sind mit hoher Mortalität assoziiert und sollten hier
maßgeblich berücksichtigt werden. Die Nikotinkarenz und Compliance insgesamt stellen wichtige Voraussetzungen für eine aktive Listung dar und müssen regelmäßig
überprüft werden. Gegebenenfalls sollte vor einer Transplantation psychotherapeutische Hilfestellungen angeboten werden. Die Einführung des Lung Allocation
Score (LAS) vor 6 Jahren hat zu einer Reduktion der Sterblichkeit auf der Warteliste geführt. Patienten mit COPD wurden nach Einführung des LAS seltener
transplantiert als Patienten mit restriktiven Lungenerkrankungen, die COPD zählt jedoch weiter zu den häufigen Indikationen für eine Transplantation. Als
Verfahren stehen die Doppel- und die Einzellungentransplantation zur Verfügung. Eine Überlegenheit der Doppellungentransplantation ist nicht belegt, die Auswahl
des idealen Verfahrens sollte daher abhängig vom lokalen Spenderaufkommen und Empfänger-spezifischen Faktoren erfolgen. Durch engmaschige Nachsorge, sowie
interdisziplinäre Betreuung der Patienten nach Transplantation ist weiter mit einer Verbesserung der Langzeitergebnisse zu rechnen.
Homeopathy in the Context of a World in Crisis
Authors: Wichmann Jörg
Published: March 2018

Healing patients who have to live in a destructive environment demands of us as homeopaths to also participate in the healing of the whole system. Setting homeopathic work into a global context we can see that with our large experience of working with crises, we can well contribute to a solution of the global problems. For many reasons, homeopathy can serve as a model of a sustainable healing art. Seeing ourselves as part of a global community of workers for change will also help us to be perceived in a different way.
A Cat with an Itch
Authors: Ellinger Liesbeth
Published: March 2018

Liesbeth Ellinger is a veterinarian working together with three physicians in Centaurea. This homeopathic centre for humans and animals is situated in Apeldoorn, the Netherlands. Liesbeth is an experienced teacher in veterinary homeopathy and is also active in research into the effectiveness of homeopathic treatment and prophylaxis for animals. In this article, she shares animal cases.
What Can Homeopathy Do? A Case of Fatal Rat Bite Fever
Authors: Grimes Melanie
Published: March 2018

A man diagnosed with fatal rat bite fever was treated unsuccessfully with antibiotics and sinus surgery. He continued to have headaches and vertigo until homeopathic treatment with Rattus rattus, Sanguis rattus, Ignatia and a remedy made from rat faeces.
Hagiographic Materia Medica
Authors: Fraser Peter
Published: March 2018

The medieval practice of invoking the intercession of particular Saints bears a fundamental similarity to the principles of homeopathy. The Golden Legend ‘Lives of the Saints’ is akin to our Materia Medica. Some remedy pictures connect to a Saint's story and understanding that story helps in understanding the remedy.
Aktuelle Daten aus dem Versorgungsalltag zu Apixaban
Authors: Grübler Beate
Published: March 2018

Aktuelle Daten zur Antikoagulation mit dem nicht Vitamin-K-abhängigen oralen Antikoagulans (NOAC) Apixaban (Eliquis®) im deutschen Versorgungsalltag liefert die retrospektive Datenbankanalyse CARBOS (1). Diese zeigte, dass bei Patienten mit nicht-valvulärem Vorhofflimmern (VHF*) eine Therapie mit Apixaban vs. Phenprocoumon mit einem niedrigeren Risiko für schwere†, gastrointestinale (GI)† und Blutungen jeglicher Art† assoziiert war. Bereits im Jahr 2016 wurden Effektivitäts- und Verträglichkeitsdaten zu Apixaban vs. Warfarin aus dem US-Versorgungsalltag veröffentlicht (2). Die Ergebnisse beider Analysen aus dem Versorgungsalltag ergänzen die Ergebnisse der Zulassungsstudie ARISTOTLE (3), in der die Wirksamkeit und Verträglichkeit von Apixaban vs. Warfarin untersucht wurde. Diese und weitere Daten wurden im Rahmen eines Symposiums von Bristol-Myers Squibb und Pfizer auf dem DGN 2017 vorgestellt.
Positive Affekte normalisieren – wann, wie und warum?
Authors: Ameri Adbol A.
Published: March 2018

Fragt man Patienten mit Depression, so nennen sie das Wiedererlangen von Freude und Interesse sowie die Rückkehr in ein aktives Alltagsleben als Therapieziele. Lange fokussierte die Therapie jedoch lediglich auf die Reduktion negativer Affekte. Mit seiner synergistischen Wirkung gelingt es Agomelatin, die negative Stimmung zu verbessern und zusätzlich den positiven Affekt weitgehend zu normalisieren sowie das soziale Funktionsniveau wiederherzustellen.
Symptomatische Kopfschmerzen
Authors: Mylius V. , Teepker M.
Published: March 2018

Kopfschmerzen werden in idiopathische bzw. symptomatische Formen unterschieden; die International Headache Society (IHS) hat hierfür Kriterien definiert. Die idiopathischen Erkrankungen werden dabei phänomenologisch unterschieden, die symptomatischen anhand ihrer Ätiologie. Diese Differenzierung ist sinnvoll, da bei symptomatischen Kopfschmerzen mitunter eine kausale Therapie möglich ist.

Aufgrund von Gemeinsamkeiten hinsichtlich ihrer Klinik, Pathophysiologie und Therapie sind die Grenzen zwischen diesen Kopfschmerzgruppen aber nicht immer eindeutig. In einigen Fällen wurde eine Neubewertung hinsichtlich einer idiopathischen bzw. symptomatischen Genese notwendig.
Kopfschmerz bei Liquorüberdruck
Authors: Hoffmann J. , Förderreuther S.
Published: March 2018

Die idiopathische intrakranielle Hypertension beruht auf einer intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung unklarer Ätiologie. Das daraus resultierende klinische Bild ist in erster Linie durch einen weitgehend unspezifischen Kopfschmerz und progrediente, potenziell irreversible Sehstörungen charakterisiert wobei nicht selten auch Hirnnervenlähmungen, Riechstörungen und kognitive Defizite beobachtet werden. Die Ursache der intrakraniellen Drucksteigerung ist nicht eindeutig geklärt. Das Vorliegen einer venösen Abflussstörung, die aufgrund des häufig bestehenden Übergewichts oder auch aufgrund eines vaskulären Hindernisses in Form einer bilateralen Stenose des Sinus transversus auftreten kann, erscheint am nahe liegendsten. Auch hormonelle Faktoren könnten von wesentlicher Bedeutung sein und erklären warum überwiegend Frauen von der Erkrankung betroffen sind. Die Behandlung besteht in erster Linie aus einer Gewichtsreduktion und der oralen Gabe von Carboanhydrasehemmern, wobei lediglich für Acetazolamid Daten aus einer placebo-kontrollierten Studie vorliegen. Invasive Behandlungsverfahren sollten nur in therapierefraktären oder besonders fulminanten Fällen mit drohendem Verlust des Sehvermögens erwogen werden.
Kopf- und Gesichtsschmerzen bei Schlaganfall
Authors: Kraya T. , Marziniak M.
Published: March 2018

Kopfschmerzen und der Schlaganfall sind häufige Phänomene. Beim Schlaganfall stehen oft andere Symptome im Vordergrund. Allerdings kann der Kopfschmerz auch Hauptsymptom wie z. B. bei der Subarachnoidalblutung sein. Im Folgenden zeigen wir einen Überblick über den Komplex Kopfschmerzen und Schlaganfall. Wir präsentieren Daten einer Studie der DMKG sowie eine Übersicht über andere Erkrankungen die mit Schlaganfall und Kopfschmerz einhergehen können. Abschließend werden Daten zur Migräne und Schlaganfallrisiko präsentiert.
Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren
Authors: Evers S.
Published: March 2018

Kopfschmerzen sind für viele Patienten Anlass, an einen Hirntumor zu denken. Dabei sind Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren als Erstsymptom selten. Im Lauf einer Hirntumorerkrankung leider aber doch bis zu ca. 80% aller Patienten an Kopfschmerzen. Am häufigsten treten Kopfschmerzen bei Tumoren in der Sellaregion und bei Infiltration schmerzsensibler Strukturen wie Meningen und bestimmte Hirnnerven auf. Hirntumore, insbesondere Hypophysenadenome, können auch idiopathische Kopfschmerzen imitieren. Dagegen sind idiopathische Kopfschmerzen kein Risikofaktor für die Entstehung von Hirntumoren. Die Behandlung der Kopfschmerzen bei Hirntumoren ist unspezifisch und schließt auch Opioide und Steroide mit ein.
Metasurface base on uneven layered fractal elements for ultra-wideband RCS reduction
Authors: Su Jianxun , Cui Yueyang , Li Zengrui , Yang Yaoqing (Lamar) , Che Yongxing , Yin Hongcheng
Published: March 2018

A novel metasurface based on uneven layered fractal elements is designed and fabricated for ultra-wideband radar cross section (RCS) reduction in this paper. The proposed metasurface consists of two fractal subwavelength elements with different layer thickness. The reflection phase difference of 180° (±37°) between two unit cells covers an ultra-wide frequency range. Ultra-wideband RCS reduction results from the phase cancellation between two local waves produced by these two unit cells. The diffuse scattering of electromagnetic (EM) waves is caused by the randomized phase distribution, leading to a low monostatic and bistatic RCS simultaneously. This metasurface can achieve -10dB RCS reduction in an ultra-wide frequency range from 6.6 to 23.9 GHz with a ratio bandwidth (fH/fL) of 3.62:1 under normal incidences for both x- and y-polarized waves. Both the simulation and the measurement results are consistent to verify this excellent RCS reduction performance of the proposed metasurface.
Influence of coherent structures on the evolution of an axisymmetric turbulent jet
Authors: Breda Massimiliano , Buxton Oliver R. H.
Published: March 2018

The role of initial conditions in affecting the evolution toward self-similarity of an axisymmetric turbulent jet is examined. The jet’s near-field coherence was manipulated by non-circular exit geometries of identical open area, De2, including a square and a fractal exit, for comparison with a classical round orifice jet. Hot-wire anemometry and 2D-planar particle image velocimetry experiments were performed between the exit and a location 26De downstream, where the Reynolds stress profiles are self-similar. This study shows that a fractal geometry significantly changes the near-field structure of the jet, breaking up the large-scale coherent structures, thereby affecting the entrainment rate of the background fluid into the jet stream. It is found that many of the jet’s turbulent characteristics scale with the number of eddy turnover times rather than simply the streamwise coordinate, with the entrainment rate (amongst others) found to be comparable across the different jets after approximately 3-4 eddies have been overturned. The study is concluded by investigating the jet’s evolution toward a self-similar state. No differences are found for the large-scale spreading rate of the jets in the weakly self-similar region, so defined as the region for which some, but not all of the terms of the mean turbulent kinetic energy equation are self-similar. However, the dissipation rate of the turbulent kinetic energy was found to vary more gradually in x than predicted according to the classical equilibrium theories of Kolmogorov. Instead, the dissipation was found to vary in a non-equilibrium fashion for all three jets tested.
Vorticity and helicity decompositions and dynamics with real Schur form of the velocity gradient
Authors: Zhu Jian-Zhou
Published: March 2018

The real Schur form (RSF) of a generic velocity gradient field ∇u is exploited to expose the structures of flows, in particular, our field decomposition resulting in two vorticities with only mutual linkage as the topological content of the global helicity (accordingly decomposed into two equal parts). The local transformation to the RSF may indicate alternative (co)rotating frame(s) for specifying the objective argument(s) of the constitutive equation. When ∇u is uniformly of RSF in a fixed Cartesian coordinate frame, i.e., ux = ux(x, y) and uy = uy(x, y), but uz = uz(x, y, z), the model, with the decomposed vorticities both frozen-in to u, is for two-component-two-dimensional-coupled-with-one-component-three-dimensional flows in between two-dimensional-three-component (2D3C) and fully three-dimensional-three-component ones and may help curing the pathology in the helical 2D3C absolute equilibrium, making the latter effectively work in more realistic situations.
Does material matter in designing better acoustic metasurfaces?
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: March 2018

Finite element simulations reveal important features of the materials used for sound manipulation and their impact on performance.
Writing skyrmions for room temperature and zero field
Authors: Yiu Yuen
Published: March 2018

A new way to write magnetic skyrmions on the surface of Pt/Co/Ta structures, that are stable at room temperature and zero fields, uses a magnetic force microscope.
New measurements indicate potential exfoliant solvents for separating graphite into graphene
Authors: Agner Mary Alexandra
Published: March 2018

While identifying new potential exfoliants for separating graphite into graphene, researchers also determine a new characteristic by which to rank exfoliant solvents.
Beyond roots and affixes
Authors: Næss Åshild
Published: March 2018

This paper discusses the analysis of a particular class of morphemes in the Oceanic language Äiwoo, and argues that the difficulties in accounting for them in traditional terms such as nominalisation, compounding, relative clauses, or classifiers is due to their status as bound lexical morphemes, also known as bound roots, an under-discussed category in linguistic literature. It proposes some parameters of variation within bound lexical morphemes as a class and shows that the Äiwoo facts can be best accounted for by reference to these parameters, both in terms of language-internal description and crosslinguistic comparability. It argues that understanding crosslinguistic morphological structure in terms of a dichotomy between “roots” and “affixes” underplays the existing variation in linguistic structure, and that a more detailed examination is necessary of forms which do not fit clearly into this dichotomy; the discussion of the Äiwoo data aims to provide a starting-point for such an examination.
The Care of Patients Using Methamphetamine in the Emergency Department: Perception of Nurses, Residents, and Faculty
Authors: Richards John R. , Hawkins J. Adam , Acevedo Eric W. , Laurin Erik G.
Published: March 2018

Background: To determine differences in perception between nurses, residents, and faculty regarding characteristics and treatment of patients who use methamphetamine (meth). Methods: Survey study performed at an urban, university Level I trauma medical center. Results: A total of 80 nurses, 39 residents, and 45 faculty completed the survey. All groups agreed that meth was a significant problem nationwide and in our emergency department (ED). Nurses estimated that 33% of their patients used meth, which differed from residents (18%) and faculty (15%). All agreed that these patients required more effort to care for, utilized more hospital resources, and were more often violent toward staff. Nurses reported higher prevalence of actual assault by patients using meth (70%) than did residents (36%) and faculty (47%), and total lifetime number of assaults. All agreed that patients using meth appropriated prehospital resources at a higher rate than nonusers, had a higher rate of recidivism, and longer ED length of stay. Nurses preferred antipsychotics over benzodiazepines for treatment of meth-induced tachycardia and a lower threshold for treatment of associated hypertension than residents and faculty. For treatment of hypertension, nurses preferred beta-blockers and hydralazine over benzodiazepines. Conclusion: All agreed that meth use is a serious problem in our ED, with high resource utilization, recidivism, and violence against staff. Nurses experienced higher rates of assaults by patients using meth and differed with regard to their disposition and treatment. Treatment guidelines, strategies to mitigate violence towards staff, and interprofessional education may be beneficial, as the stakes of caring for these patients are high and preferences vary between caregivers.
Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes are major phyla of filterable bacteria passing through 0.22 μm pore size membrane filter, in Lake Sanaru, Hamamatsu, Japan
Authors: Maejima Yoshiaki , Kushimoto Koya , Muraguchi Yusuke , Fukuda Kohei , Miura Takamasa , Yamazoe Atsushi , Kimbara Kazuhide , Shintani Masaki
Published: March 2018

141 filterable bacteria that passed through a 0.22 μm pore size filter were isolated from Lake Sanaru in Hamamatsu, Japan. These belonged to Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, or Actinobacteria among which the first two phyla comprised the majority of the isolates. 48 isolates (12 taxa) are candidates assignable to new bacterial species or genera of Proteobacteria or Bacteroidetes.
Changes in Body Mass Index and Physical Activity Predict Changes in Vitality During a Weight Loss Trial in Breast Cancer Survivors
Authors: Kenzik Kelly M , Demark-Wahnefried Wendy , Ganz Patricia A , Colditz Graham , Rock Cheryl L , Rogers Laura Q
Published: March 2018

Background

Breast cancer survivors rank fatigue (e.g., decreased vitality) as their number one concern affecting quality of life. Excess adiposity is associated with decreased vitality in breast cancer survivors, yet weight loss intervention trials report inconsistent effects on this parameter.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of the Exercise and Nutrition to Enhance Recovery and Good Health for You trial, in which 692 overweight or obese breast cancer survivors ≤5 years from diagnosis, initiated weight loss interventions, and completed assessments semi-annually for 2 years. Assessments included the Godin Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire and the SF-36 MOS vitality subscale as an inverse measure of fatigue. Multilevel structural equation models estimated the direct effects of physical activity on vitality and indirect effects through body mass index (BMI) changes.

Results

Within-person findings show that at assessments with greater physical activity, BMI was significantly lower (B = −0.07, p < 0.001) and vitality was higher (B = 0.22, p < 0.001). However, there was no direct relationship between lower BMI and higher vitality (B = −0.11, p = 0.262) after controlling for the relationship of physical activity with BMI and physical activity with vitality. The between-person indirect effect of physical activity change through BMI change to vitality was significant (B = 0.03, p < 0.001). Participants whose physical activity was above the mean (B = 0.37, p < 0.001) and whose BMI was below the mean (B = −1.05, p < 0.001) were more likely to report greater vitality.

Conclusion

Improvements in vitality are primarily associated with increases in physical activity rather than BMI changes in this trial. Vitality was lower among survivors with higher BMI, although within-individual changes in BMI had no effect on vitality. Physical activity and weight loss share mechanistic links to vitality with physical activity potentially increasing (e.g., in an additive or synergistic manner) the effect of BMI reduction on vitality.
A reference peptide database for proteome quantification based on experimental mass spectrum response curves
Authors: Liu Wanlin , Wei Lai , Sun Jianan , Feng Jinwen , Guo Gaigai , Liang Lizhu , Fu Tianyi , Liu Mingwei , Li Kai , Huang Yin , Zhu Weimin , Zhen Bei , Wang Yi , Ding Chen , Qin Jun
Published: March 2018

Motivation

Mass spectrometry (MS) based quantification of proteins/peptides has become a powerful tool in biological research with high sensitivity and throughput. The accuracy of quantification, however, has been problematic as not all peptides are suitable for quantification. Several methods and tools have been developed to identify peptides that response well in mass spectrometry and they are mainly based on predictive models, and rarely consider the linearity of the response curve, limiting the accuracy and applicability of the methods. An alternative solution is to select empirically superior peptides that offer satisfactory MS response intensity and linearity in a wide dynamic range of peptide concentration.

Results

We constructed a reference database for proteome quantification based on experimental mass spectrum response curves. The intensity and dynamic range of over 2 647 773 transitions from 121 318 peptides were obtained from a set of dilution experiments, covering 11 040 gene products. These transitions and peptides were evaluated and presented in a database named SCRIPT-MAP. We showed that the best-responder (BR) peptide approach for quantification based on SCRIPT-MAP database is robust, repeatable and accurate in proteome-scale protein quantification. This study provides a reference database as well as a peptides/transitions selection method for quantitative proteomics.

Availability and implementation

SCRIPT-MAP database is available at http://www.firmiana.org/responders/.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
The Average of the Smallest Prime in a Conjugacy Class
Authors: Cho Peter J , Kim Henry H
Published: March 2018

Let C be a conjugacy class of $S_{n}$ and K an $S_{n}$-field. Let $n_{K,C}$ be the smallest prime, which is ramified or whose Frobenius automorphism Frob$_{p}$ does not belong to C. Under some technical conjectures, we show that the average of $n_{K,C}$ is a constant. We explicitly compute the constant. For $S_{3}$- and $S_{4}$-fields, our result is unconditional. Let $N_{K,C}$ be the smallest prime for which Frob$_{p}$ belongs to C. We obtain the average of $N_{K,C}$ under some technical conjectures. For n = 3 and C = [(12)], we have the average value of $N_{K,C}$ unconditionally.
Among Other Industrialized Countries, the United States Has Highest Childhood Mortality Rate
Authors: Stockwell Serena
Published: March 2018

‘Need to think beyond medical care to address social environment.’
Duration of Postoperative Opioid Use Predicts Misuse More Than Dosage
Authors: Mechcatie Elizabeth
Published: March 2018

A recent study found misuse increased by more than 40% with each refill.
How to achieve empirical outcomes in the ED
Authors: Duran Janine Liza
Published: March 2018

Using transformational leadership and innovative marketing strategies
“Keep Calm and Stop the Clot”
Authors: Aberg Tess , Fulkerson Tracy , Altman Marian
Published: March 2018

The impact of a nurse-driven change project
Peripherally Acting μ-Opioid Receptor Agonists Attenuate Ongoing Pain-associated Behavior and Spontaneous Neuronal Activity after Nerve Injury in Rats
Authors: Tiwari Vinod , Anderson Michael , Yang Fei , Tiwari Vineeta , Zheng Qin , He Shao-Qiu , Zhang Tong , Shu Bin , Chen Xueming , Grenald Shaness A. , Stephens Kimberly E. , Chen Zhiyong , Dong Xinzhong , Raja Srinivasa N. , Guan Yun
Published: March 2018

Background

Ongoing neuropathic pain is difficult to treat. The authors examined whether dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor agonist, attenuates ongoing pain-associated manifestations after nerve injury in rats and mice.

Methods

Using conditioned place preference assay, the authors tested whether animals show a preference to the environment associated with drug treatment. Wide-dynamic range and dorsal root ganglion neuronal activities were measured by electrophysiology recording and calcium imaging.

Results

Nerve-injured animals stayed longer in dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide–paired chamber after conditioning than during preconditioning (rats: 402.4 ± 61.3 vs. 322.1 ± 45.0 s, 10 mg/kg, n = 9, P = 0.009; mice: 437.8 ± 59.4 vs. 351.3 ± 95.9 s, 2 mg/kg, n = 8, P = 0.047). Topical ganglionic application of dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide (5 μM, 1 μl, n = 5) reduced the numbers of small-diameter dorsal root ganglion neurons that showed spontaneous activity (1.1 ± 0.4 vs. 1.5 ± 0.3, P = 0.044) and that were activated by test stimulation (15.5 ± 5.5 vs. 28.2 ± 8.2, P = 0.009) after injury. In neuropathic rats, dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide (10 mg/kg, n = 8) decreased spontaneous firing rates in wide-dynamic range neurons to 53.2 ± 46.6% of predrug level, and methylnaltrexone (5 mg/kg, n = 9) blocked dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide–induced place preference and inhibition of wide-dynamic range neurons. Dermorphin [D-Arg2, Lys4] (1–4) amide increased paw withdrawal threshold (17.5 ± 2.2 g) from baseline (3.5 ± 0.7 g, 10 mg/kg, n = 8, P = 0.002) in nerve-injured rats, but the effect diminished after repeated administrations.

Conclusions

Peripherally acting μ-opioids may attenuate ongoing pain-related behavior and its neurophysiologic correlates. Yet, repeated administrations cause antiallodynic tolerance.
A Novel Scoring System Associated With Surgical Outcome of Distal-type Cervical Spondylotic Amyotrophy
Authors: Funaba Masahiro , Kanchiku Tsukasa , Imajo Yasuaki , Suzuki Hidenori , Yoshida Yuichiro , Nishida Norihiro , Fujimoto Kazuhiro , Taguchi Toshihiko
Published: March 2018

Study Design:

A single-center retrospective study.

Objective:

To elucidate the pathology of distal-type cervical spondylotic amyotrophy (CSA) and to assess predictive factors and a novel scoring system associated with surgical outcome.

Summary and Background:

Because of its rarity, the pathophysiology and surgical outcome of distal-type CSA are less well understood compared with proximal-type CSA.

Method:

Surgical procedures were performed in 13 patients with distal-type CSA. Patients were classified into 2 groups: those with good recovery of muscle power (group 1, n=4) and those with fair recovery (group 2, n=9). All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging. Central motor conduction time was recorded in abductor digit minim and compound muscle action potentials (CMAPs) were recorded in extensor carpi dig. Predictive factors associated with surgical outcome and a scoring system based on clinical, radiologic, and electrophysiological findings were evaluated. Twelve of 13 patients were scored for the following features: (1) duration of symptoms ≥13 months, (2) initial manual muscle testing ≤1, (3) multiple compressions in magnetic resonance imaging, (4) CMAPs amplitudes on affected side <1 mV, (5) CMAPs amplitudes on normal side <7.2 mV, (6) central motor conduction time longer than 7.4 ms, (7) the ratio of CMAPs amplitudes comparison with the normal side <50%.

Result:

At final follow-up, 2 patients were graded excellent, 2 good, 9 fair, and 0 poor. None of the predictive factors was significantly different between groups 1 and 2. The mean score in group 2 (5.12±1.12) was significantly higher than for group 1 (2±1.15; P=0.006). Although all 8 patients in group 2 scored ≥4 points, all 4 patients in group 1 scored ≤3.

Conclusions:

Comprehensive assessment using a scoring system is useful for predicting the surgical outcome of distal-type CSA. Surgeons should be aware that a score of ≥4 points correlates with poor surgical outcome on motor function.
Nicardipine Effects on Renal Function During Spine Surgery
Authors: Park Cholhee , Kim Ji Young , Kim Chanmi , Chang Chul Ho
Published: March 2018

Study Design:

Single-center, prospective, randomized, and single-blinded clinical trial was conducted in patients (n=64) undergoing anterior or posterior spinal interbody fusion.

Objective:

To investigate the renal protective effect of nicardipine during deliberate hypotension for spine surgery by measuring creatinine clearance (Ccr), serum cystatin C, urine output, and fractional excretion of sodium (FENa).

Summary of Background Data:

Deliberate hypotension during spine surgery may result in ischemic tissue damage of the kidney. Nicardipine is reported to dilate the renal artery and increase glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies reported the renal protective effect of nicardipine during cardiac surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass and robot-assisted laparoscopic surgery.

Materials and Methods:

Patients were randomized to receive nicardipine (nicardipine group, n=32) or normal saline (control group, n=32). Deliberate hypotension of mean arterial pressure at 50–65 mm Hg was maintained during surgery. Ccr, serum cystatin C, urine output, and FENa were measured before surgery, after surgery, and postoperative day 1 (POD1). The RIFLE (risk, injury, failure, loss, and end stage renal disease) criteria of the patients were evaluated.

Results:

In the nicardipine group, Ccr at POD1 was increased compared with that after surgery. In both groups, serum cystatin C at POD1 was decreased compared with that before surgery and urine output at POD1 was decreased compared with that after surgery. FENa at POD1 in the control group was higher than that in the nicardipine group and was increased compared with that after surgery. Using RIFLE criteria, 6 patients in the control group and 2 patients in the nicardipine group were classified as having acute kidney injury.

Conclusions:

Nicardipine increased Ccr and attenuated the increase in FENa at POD1 in patients undergoing spine surgery under deliberate hypotension.