bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Close relationship between mediators of inflammation and pancreatic cancer: Our experience
Authors: Vescio Francesca , Ammendola Michele , Currò Giuseppe , Curcio Silvia
Published: June 2024

In this editorial, we focus specifically on the mechanisms by which pancreatic inflammation affects pancreatic cancer. Cancer of the pancreas remains one of the deadliest cancer types. The highest incidence and mortality rates of pancreatic cancer are found in developed countries. Trends of pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality vary considerably worldwide. A better understanding of the etiology and identification of the risk factors is essential for the primary prevention of this disease. Pancreatic tumors are characterized by a complex microenvironment that orchestrates metabolic alterations and supports a milieu of interactions among various cell types within this niche. In this editorial, we highlight the foundational studies that have driven our understanding of these processes. In our experimental center, we have carefully studied the mechanisms of that link pancreatic inflammation and pancreatic cancer. We focused on the role of mast cells (MCs). MCs contain pro-angiogenic factors, including tryptase, that are associated with increased angiogenesis in various tumors. In this editorial, we address the role of MCs in angiogenesis in both pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma tissue and adjacent normal tissue. The assessment includes the density of c-Kit receptor-positive MCs, the density of tryptase-positive MCs, the area of tryptase-positive MCs, and angiogenesis in terms of microvascularization density.
From macroautophagy to mitophagy: Unveiling the hidden role of mitophagy in gastrointestinal disorders
Authors: Gao Duo-Lun , Lin Meng-Ran , Ge Nan , Guo Jin-Tao , Yang Fan , Sun Si-Yu
Published: June 2024

In this editorial, we comment on an article titled “Morphological and biochemical characteristics associated with autophagy in gastrointestinal diseases”, which was published in a recent issue of the World Journal of Gastroenterology . We focused on the statement that “autophagy is closely related to the digestion, secretion, and regeneration of gastrointestinal cells”. With advancing research, autophagy, and particularly the pivotal role of the macroautophagy in maintaining cellular equilibrium and stress response in the gastrointestinal system, has garnered extensive study. However, the significance of mitophagy, a unique selective autophagy pathway with ubiquitin-dependent and independent variants, should not be overlooked. In recent decades, mitophagy has been shown to be closely related to the occurrence and development of gastrointestinal diseases, especially inflammatory bowel disease, gastric cancer, and colorectal cancer. The interplay between mitophagy and mitochondrial quality control is crucial for elucidating disease mechanisms, as well as for the development of novel treatment strategies. Exploring the pathogenesis behind gastrointestinal diseases and providing individualized and efficient treatment for patients are subjects we have been exploring. This article reviews the potential mechanism of mitophagy in gastrointestinal diseases with the hope of providing new ideas for diagnosis and treatment.
Establishing and clinically validating a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer
Authors: Cai Li-Qun , Yang Da-Qing , Wang Rong-Jian , Huang He , Shi Yi-Xiong
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND

Colorectal cancer significantly impacts global health, with unplanned reoperations post-surgery being key determinants of patient outcomes. Existing predictive models for these reoperations lack precision in integrating complex clinical data.

AIM

To develop and validate a machine learning model for predicting unplanned reoperation risk in colorectal cancer patients.

METHODS

Data of patients treated for colorectal cancer (n = 2044) at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University and Wenzhou Central Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively collected. Patients were divided into an experimental group (n = 60) and a control group (n = 1984) according to unplanned reoperation occurrence. Patients were also divided into a training group and a validation group (7:3 ratio). We used three different machine learning methods to screen characteristic variables. A nomogram was created based on multifactor logistic regression, and the model performance was assessed using receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, Hosmer-Lemeshow test, and decision curve analysis. The risk scores of the two groups were calculated and compared to validate the model.

RESULTS

More patients in the experimental group were ≥ 60 years old, male, and had a history of hypertension, laparotomy, and hypoproteinemia, compared to the control group. Multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed the following as independent risk factors for unplanned reoperation (P < 0.05): Prognostic Nutritional Index value, history of laparotomy, hypertension, or stroke, hypoproteinemia, age, tumor-node-metastasis staging, surgical time, gender, and American Society of Anesthesiologists classification. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the model had good discrimination and clinical utility.

CONCLUSION

This study used a machine learning approach to build a model that accurately predicts the risk of postoperative unplanned reoperation in patients with colorectal cancer, which can improve treatment decisions and prognosis.
Stakeholder engagement, government policy, and tourist satisfaction
Authors: Jumadi  , Adhifa Muhammad Nugroho Hariadi Nur , Amelia Amanda , Ashiva Devitri Salsa
Published: June 2024

The tourism industry has a complex relationship between geography, and all-natural resources, human, so tourism can create problems in human life. Good management in the tourism industry can create benefits for the nation's economy such as foreign exchange income, business development, and employment opportunities. For the optimum goals, the tourism industry can establish good relations with stakeholders and government policy support. Aim to the research on the evaluation of the effect of stakeholder engagement in tourism development and government policy on tourist satisfaction in the Indonesian tourism industry. This research is based on quantitative to test the hypothesis affecting stakeholder engagement in tourism development and government policy on the Indonesian tourism industry. The sample size of the research 250 with propulsive sampling and the main instrument is a questionnaire. The data analysis to use examine hypothesis with structural equation modelling Amos 20 version. The result of the investigations shows that the stakeholder engagement in tourism development has not been able to provide a level of tourist satisfaction, but the government policies can be influenced by tourist satisfaction.
Beyond Diplomacy: The Israel-Palestine Conflict as Geopolitical Concern and The International Sustainable Peacebuilding as A First Step Toward Resolution
Authors: Gherardini Giulio
Published: June 2024

The Palestinian-Israeli conflict stands out as one of the most complex on today´s international scene, as well as the oldest unsolved conflict in the Middle East. The conflict has resulted in the horrible massacre of the 7th of October, military mobilization as a response, and a significant portion of profound humanitarian challenges on both sides. The current article will highlight a comprehensive view of the Israeli-Palestine enduring conflict and its impact in the international arena through a constructive narrative and peacebuilding approach. The qualitative method gives a thorough view of the hermeneutical approach and the engagement of external stakeholders to employ sustainable peacebuilding and democracy-building capacity as a first step toward an endurable solution.
Influence of Social Media Among Youths in Abuja Municipal and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja
Authors: Tsebee Kenneth Asor
Published: June 2024

This study, the “Influence of Social Media among youth in Abuja Municipal Area and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja” was carried out to investigate the way social media influences the youth in AMAC and Bwari Area Councils of FCT, Abuja. The study adopted quantitative survey design with the questionnaire used as the research instrument for data collection. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive method while univariate frequency distribution tables, percentages and SPSS were used as statistical tools for data collection. Finding of the study revealed that social media platforms are used among the youth to a great extent as majority of them make use of the platforms at least more than twice a day. In the use of the platforms, Facebook endears the youth more for use compared to other social media platforms. The use of social media, therefore, influences the behaviour of youth to a great extent by making them cultivate the habit of living a flamboyant lifestyle. Finding however, revealed that the use of social media is challenged majorly by high data charges from the network providers followed by poor network, while unstable power and activities of Internet scammers are other challenges in the use of the social media among the youth. The recommended that policy makers should benefit from the youth’s interest in the social media in general and the Facebook in particular by using the platforms in reaching out to them (youth) on relevant policies/programmes that can impact positively on their lives in particular and the society in general. It further charged the youth to dedicate more time on the social media for the activities beneficial to them rather than merely posting personal photos and videos which have minimal impacts on their lives. The study concluded that social media is used among the youth and its utilization by this group of the people has tremendous impact on their behavior
Infarto renal, un sitio atípico de embolismo como debut de fibrilación auricular. Reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura
Authors: Aguilar Medellín Dalia Fernanda
Published: June 2024

La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia sostenida más común y su incidencia y prevalencia está aumentando en todo el mundo. La FA cumple los criterios de la tríada de Wirchow, que son necesarios para la formación de trombos: estasis sanguínea, disfunción endotelial y activación de la coagulación. Los acontecimientos clínicos relacionados con la trombosis se han atribuido esencialmente a la formación de trombos en la aurícula izquierda con el consiguiente embolismo a circulación cerebral y periférica. Presentamos un caso en un paciente con factores de riesgo cardiovascular por edad, sexo y comorbilidades, FA previamente subclínica,  quien debuta con tromboembolismo de arteria renal derecha, ocasionando un infarto renal agudo, un sitio poco común dentro de los sitios de embolismo asociados a FA, con cuadro clínico poco específico, sesgado por lesión hepática benigna, el cual se documentó por angiotomografía, se inició terapia anticoagulante sistémica y antiplaquetaria local, con buenos desenlaces clínicos.
Perceção dos enfermeiros sobre o conhecimento dos clientes sobre o período perioperatório
Authors: Carvalho Fernando
Published: June 2024

Enquadramento: o conhecimento dos clientes sobre os cuidados perioperatórios é uma necessidade importante, que se relaciona com melhores resultados no pós-operatório. Os enfermeiros devem promover a melhoria deste conhecimento no processo de prestação de cuidados. Objetivos: descrever a perceção dos enfermeiros em relação ao conhecimento demonstrado pelos clientes sobre os cuidados perioperatórios. Metodologia: estudo quantitativo, transversal, descritivo-exploratório. Aplicou-se um questionário on-line aos enfermeiros entre junho e agosto de 2022, obtendo-se uma amostra de 41 participantes. Amostragem não probabilística por conveniência. Para tratamento de dados, foi utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS®, versão 20, e respetiva análise através de estatística descritiva. Resultados: a idade média é de 35 anos, verificando-se que, na perceção dos enfermeiros, os clientes demonstram conhecimento insuficiente. Os itens cujo conhecimento foi descrito como mais deficitário foram a necessidade de banho, a avaliação da glicemia capilar e da temperatura, o tamanho da incisão e a presença de dispositivos após a cirurgia. Conclusão: o conhecimento dos clientes é percecionado pelos enfermeiros como sendo insuficiente, o que parece reforçar a importância da realização de ensinos, em especial no período pré-operatório, que poderá contribuir para a melhoria da experiência cirúrgica do cliente e redução de complicações.
Диверсификация деятельности предприятий обороннопромышленного комплекса как способ развития территории присутствия
Authors:   ROSATOM State Atomic Energy Corporation, Baydarov Dmitriy
Published: June 2024

Using the example of the state corporation Rosatom, the influence of diversification of defense industries on the development of the territories of presence is considered. It has been revealed that effective management of the diversification of the activities of defense enterprises is possible within the framework of holdings, in particular, state corporations. The spatially distributed structure of these corporations forms the need and features of their interaction with cities and regions where enterprises are located. At the same time, the activities of enterprises have an impact on the territory of their location in economic, social, and political terms. The processes of diversifying the activities of defense enterprises require the development of special personnel potential of territories, innovative infrastructure, improving the quality of life, etc. At the same time, territories also get the opportunity to use the resources of state corporations: lobbying, financial, scientific and technological, human resources, etc. for development. The paper shows theoretical approaches to building such interaction between territories and defense industry enterprises belonging to large holdings and testing these approaches on the example of the Rosatom state Corporation.
Making a decision on the level of investment in the oil and gas industry based on estimates of demand in the medium term
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Sharkova Antonina
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the approach to making a decision on the level of investments in the oil and gas industry based on estimates of demand in the medium term. In particular, the theoretical foundations of decision-making have been studied in terms of comprehensive analysis, technological trends, economic forecast, expected economic conditions, risks and business development opportunities. The article examines the demand for oil in the medium term, taking into account economic, environmental factors and uncertainty in the energy transition, and develops proposals for making decisions on the level of investment in the oil and gas industry.
Optimization of logistic routes through the use of artificial intelligence technologies
Authors:   Odintsovo Campus of MGIMO University of The MFA of Russia, Danilochkina Nadezhda , Lysenko Alina ,   Odintsovo Campus of MGIMO University of The MFA of Russia
Published: June 2024

This article explores the optimization of logistic routes through the application of artificial intelligence technologies. Among all types of transportation logistics, this study focuses on optimizing freight transportation using road transport. The final results of the research allow for conclusions about the applicability of artificial intelligence technologies in logistics route optimization.
О месте науки в согласовании позиций сторон, участвующих в реализации проектов в Арктике
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Enginnering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kryukov Valery , Kryukov Yakov ,   Institute of Economics and Industrial Enginnering of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

The article analyzes the role of Russian science in the Arctic in changing conditions. Traditionally, science has played a special role in the Arctic, but due to changes in the properties of assets, the role of scientific research requires rethinking. Areas of traditional hydrocarbon development in the Arctic are moving into a phase of declining production, new types of facilities are emerging, the relevance of full-cycle chains based on Arctic raw materials is growing, local skills are becoming more in demand - all these circumstances necessitate the search for new knowledge and the transition of scientific research to the new level.
Methodological and practical issues of strategies of single-industry towns development: predictive analytics opportunities
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Asaul Anatoly , Levin Yuri ,   Moscow State Institute of International Relations (University) under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to study the problems associated with the stabilization of the situation in single-industry towns and the methodological justification of the practical possibilities of using predicative analytics in obtaining a predictive assessment of the growth points and taking into account risk factors during the creation of a strategy for sustainable development of a mono-profile territory. The historical significance of single-industry towns is shown and the reasons for the subsequent decline in their socio-economic indicators and the state of infrastructure are given. The consequences of the dependence of socio-economic indicators of single-industry town development on the financial results of the activity of a city-forming enterprise are analyzed. The expediency of developing a unified approach to technologies for solving the problems of single-industry towns development using predictive analytics tools in the process of planning the territory development is argued.
Rural local economy as a priority of agri-food policy in the new geopolitical reality
Authors:   All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics named af- ter A.A. Nikonov - branch of FGBNU FNC VNIIESH, Golubev Alexey , Golubeva Anna ,   All-Russian Institute of Agrarian Problems and Informatics named af- ter A.A. Nikonov - branch of FGBNU FNC VNIIESH
Published: June 2024

The current geopolitical situation and accumulated internal problems dictate the need to change agri-food policy. It is advisable that the further development of agriculture takes place within the framework of the environmental, geopolitical, socio-economic and technological requirements formulated in the article. The analysis of compliance with these requirements revealed the advantage of the rural local economy (SLE) in comparison with large agricultural organizations (ShOS) and agricultural holdings. The zigzag development of the domestic economy and agriculture over the past hundred, fifty and thirty years is shown, which often led to negative consequences in the state and in the agricultural sector. The conclusion is made about the expediency of priority development of the SLE as a way to solve industrial, economic, social and environmental problems in the context of a new geopolitical reality.
Stationarity and Fredholm Theory in Subextremal Kerr-de Sitter Spacetimes
Authors:   Stockholm University, Sweden, Petersen Oliver , Vasy András ,   Stanford University, USA
Published: June 2024

In a recent paper, we proved that solutions to linear wave equations in a subextremal Kerr-de Sitter spacetime have asymptotic expansions in quasinormal modes up to a decay order given by the normally hyperbolic trapping, extending the results of Vasy (2013). One central ingredient in the argument was a new definition of quasinormal modes, where a non-standard choice of stationary Killing vector field had to be used in order for the Fredholm theory to be applicable. In this paper, we show that there is in fact a variety of allowed choices of stationary Killing vector fields. In particular, the horizon Killing vector fields work for the analysis, in which case one of the corresponding ergoregions is completely removed.
Verification of Astrometrically Accelerating Stars from Hipparcos and Gaia. I. Methodology and Application to HIP 44842
Authors: Makarov Valeri V. , Tokovinin Andrei
Published: June 2024

A large number of candidate binary stars with apparent acceleration on the sky has emerged from analysis of astrometric data collected by the Hipparcos, Tycho-2, and Gaia space missions. Although the apparent acceleration can serve as a relatively reliable indicator of binarity, it provides scarce information about the orbital and physical parameters of the components. With an emphasis on the search for stellar-mass black holes and neutron stars hidden in binary systems, we start a broader effort to characterize the most promising candidates using follow-up ground-based observations. Accurate quantification of orbital and physical parameters of systems with dim or invisible companions requires combination of Hipparcos, Gaia, and precision spectroscopic measurements. In this paper, we review the necessary steps in this implementation and describe the improved Hipparcos–Gaia sample of long-term astrometric accelerations, which includes correction of sky-correlated systematic errors using the vector spherical decomposition method. As an example, we study one Hipparcos star with a large acceleration, HIP 44842, where the companion is revealed to be a normal main-sequence star.
The AGORA High-resolution Galaxy Simulations Comparison Project. IV. Halo and Galaxy Mass Assembly in a Cosmological Zoom-in Simulation at z ≤ 2
Authors: Roca-Fàbrega Santi , Kim Ji-hoon , Primack Joel R. , Jung Minyong , Genina Anna , Hausammann Loic , Kim Hyeonyong , Lupi Alessandro , Nagamine Kentaro , Powell Johnny W. , Revaz Yves , Shimizu Ikkoh , Strawn Clayton , Velázquez Héctor , Abel Tom , Ceverino Daniel , Dong Bili , Quinn Thomas R. , Shin Eun-jin , Segovia-Otero Alvaro , Agertz Oscar , Barrow Kirk S. S. , Cadiou Corentin , Dekel Avishai , Hummels Cameron , Oh Boon Kiat , Teyssier Romain ,   The AGORA Collaboration
Published: June 2024

In this fourth paper from the AGORA Collaboration, we study the evolution down to redshift z = 2 and below of a set of cosmological zoom-in simulations of a Milky Way mass galaxy by eight of the leading hydrodynamic simulation codes. We also compare this CosmoRun suite of simulations with dark matter-only simulations by the same eight codes. We analyze general properties of the halo and galaxy at z = 4 and 3, and before the last major merger, focusing on the formation of well-defined rotationally supported disks, the mass–metallicity relation, the specific star formation rate, the gas metallicity gradients, and the nonaxisymmetric structures in the stellar disks. Codes generally converge well to the stellar-to-halo mass ratios predicted by semianalytic models at z ∼ 2. We see that almost all the hydro codes develop rotationally supported structures at low redshifts. Most agree within 0.5 dex with the observed mass–metallicity relation at high and intermediate redshifts, and reproduce the gas metallicity gradients obtained from analytical models and low-redshift observations. We confirm that the intercode differences in the halo assembly history reported in the first paper of the collaboration also exist in CosmoRun, making the code-to-code comparison more difficult. We show that such differences are mainly due to variations in code-dependent parameters that control the time stepping strategy of the gravity solver. We find that variations in the early stellar feedback can also result in differences in the timing of the low-redshift mergers. All the simulation data down to z = 2 and the auxiliary data will be made publicly available.
The Dynamics and Gravitational-wave Signal of a Binary Flying Closely by a Kerr Supermassive Black Hole
Authors: Zhang Zhongfu , Chen Xian
Published: June 2024

Recent astrophysical models predict that stellar-mass binary black holes (BBHs) could form and coalesce within a few gravitational radii of a supermassive black hole (SMBH). Detecting the gravitational waves (GWs) from such systems requires numerical tools that can track the dynamics of the binaries while capturing all the essential relativistic effects. This work develops upon our earlier study of a BBH moving along a circular orbit in the equatorial plane of a Kerr SMBH. Here we modify the numerical method to simulate a BBH falling toward the SMBH along a parabolic orbit of arbitrary inclination with respect to the equator. By tracking the evolution in a frame freely falling alongside the binary, we find that the eccentricity of the BBH is more easily excited than it is in the previous equatorial case, and that the cause is the asymmetry of the tidal tensor imposed on the binary when the binary moves out of the equatorial plane. Since the eccentricity reaches maximum around the same time as the BBH becomes the closest to the SMBH, multiband GW bursts could be produced that are simultaneously detectable by space- and ground-based detectors. We show that the effective spin parameters of such GW events also undergo significant variation due to the rapid reorientation of the inner BBHs during their interaction with SMBHs. These results demonstrate the richness of three-body dynamics in the region of strong gravity, and highlight the necessity of building new numerical tools to simulate such systems.
Investigating the Unique Drift Behavior of PSR B2110+27 with FAST
Authors: Xu Xin , Zhi Qijun , Bai Juntao , Wen Zhigang , Yan Wenming , Tian Jie , Qiao Guojun , You Ziyi
Published: June 2024

Careful scrutiny of the single pulse emissions from PSR B2110+27 has been conducted through highly sensitive observations using the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) at a central frequency of 1250 MHz. Our investigation revealed significant subpulse drift behavior and nulling in this pulsar. Moreover, we observed that the nulling events tend to be of short duration, with an estimated overall nulling fraction of approximately 27% ± 3%. It is noteworthy that the drift direction of the subpulses exhibits abrupt changes, occasionally transitioning into a steady state or displaying a low drift rate. Analysis using longitude resolved fluctuation spectra indicates the presence of two distinct repetition periods for the pulsar: P
3 = (10.8 ± 2.5)P and P
3 = (31.6 ± 4.2)P, where P denotes the pulsar period. Our investigation revealed that the subpulse separation remains consistent across different drift patterns, with P
2 = 2.°3 ± 0.°2. A more comprehensive analysis indicates that the unique drift behavior observed can be explained by a carousel model of the dipole field. Minor changes in P
2 and drift rate caused significant variations in the apparent P
3 and abrupt shifts in the drift direction, while the true repetition period (assuming first-order aliasing) changed by only ∼10%. We observe a drift band memory and apparent phase memory across the null state in this pulsar, as well as variations in the drift rate and drift direction across the null state, though we have not detected significant periodicity of the nulling itself. This suggests that these phenomena may arise from random null pulses intersecting with the frequently aliased drift bands.
A new approach for objective monitoring of the pharmacological-treatment response in recurrent depressions
Authors: Dimitrov Rumen , Haralanova Evelina , Milanov Ivan , Ognianov Sava , Parvova Iva , Milushev Emil
Published: June 2024

Depressive disorders are among the most important psychiatric problems. In everyday clinical practice, their symptoms and, respectively, their response to pharmacological treatment are both evaluated and measured subjectively. In the present paper, we apply a new approach for objective monitoring of the pharmacological-treatment response in patients with recurrent depressions. The applied method is user-friendly, easy-to-perform, and not time-consuming (1 test = 1 min), thus allowing repeatable examinations of many patients. The results show that the pre-treatment examination could discriminate between patients and healthy controls by revealing objectively measurable psychomotor retardation (in terms of locomotor hypo-activity and brady-reactivity) in the depressive group. After effective psychopharmacological treatment in a psychiatric clinic, the revealed psychomotor retardation is significantly improved (although not fully normalized) during the post-treatment examination at the time of discharge. The conclusion is that the new approach is reliable and sensitive enough to serve as a surrogate pharmacodynamic biomarker in patients with recurrent depressions.
A new Mexican species of the Cryptopygus complex (Collembola, Isotomidae) associated with the hermit crab Coenobita clypeatus (Crustacea, Coenobitidae)
Authors: Palacios-Vargas José G.
Published: June 2024

A new species of Cryptopygus Willem, 1901 associated with hermit crabs living on seashores of Quintana Roo State, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It is blind, with 9–11 postlabial setae, unguis with a pair of lateral teeth, empodial appendix lanceolate and almost as long as unguis, tenaculum with 4 + 4 teeth and 3–4 setae on corpus, manubrium with 11–14 pairs of manubrial setae on anterior surface and 17–18 pairs on posterior surface, and mucro bidentate. An updated key for the identification of 29 American species of Cryptopygus complex is included.
Ooceraea hainingensis sp. nov.: A new Chinese Ooceraea (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Dorylinae) species with a dealate queen, closely allied to the queenless clonal raider ant O. biroi
Authors: Gao Qionghua , Long Jiliang , Liu Chengyuan , Liu Haoyu , Ran Hao , Lacy Kip D. , Kronauer Daniel J. C.
Published: June 2024

The clonal raider ant, Ooceraea biroi, is a queenless species that reproduces asexually, and these traits make it an attractive model system for laboratory research. However, it is unclear where on the ant phylogeny these traits evolved, partly because few closely related species have been described and studied. Here, we describe a new raider ant species, Ooceraea hainingensissp. nov., from Zhejiang, China. This species is closely related to O. biroi but can be distinguished by the following features: 1) workers of O. hainingensissp. nov. have an obvious promesonotal suture and a metanotal groove, whereas these characters are ambiguous in O. biroi; and 2) the subpetiolar process of O. hainingensis is prominent and anteroventrally directed like a thumb with sublinear posteroventral margin, while in O. biroi, it is anteroventrally directed but slightly backward-bent. Molecular phylogenetic analyses confirm that O. hainingensis is genetically distinct from O. biroi. Importantly, unlike O. biroi, O. hainingensis has a queen caste with wings and well-developed eyes. This suggests that the loss of the queen caste and transition to asexual reproduction by workers is specific to O. biroi and occurred after that species diverged from closely related congeneric species.
Educational Outcomes in Undergraduate Nursing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Jenkins Barnard Patricia , Saylor Jennifer , Graber Jennifer , Trinkaus Donna
Published: June 2024

Background:

Baccalaureate nursing education has experienced tremendous challenges requiring new flexibility of moving among traditional classroom, online education, and other teaching modalities to improve student outcomes, combined with the pressing need for determining which educational methods deliver quality instruction while having a positive effect on outcomes. This systematic review explored different teaching modalities and measurable educational student outcomes in undergraduate baccalaureate education.

Method:

A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines.

Results:

Of the 20 articles included in this systematic review, simulation, face-to-face, asynchronous, problem-based learning, gaming, flipped classrooms, reflective writing, tweets, and podcasts were represented. Three distinct educational outcomes that were identified included competence, confidence, and communication.

Conclusion:

A variety of educational methodologies drives positive outcomes in educating the next generation of nurses to have increased competence, confidence, and improved communication.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2024;63(6):380–386.]
Le Saint Jean Baptiste de Léonard de Vinci. Entre ombre et lumière
Authors: Ravaud Élisabeth , Eveno Myriam , Delieuvin Vincent
Published: June 2024

La restauration du Saint Jean Baptiste (Paris, musée du Louvre, inv. 775) a été l’occasion de reprendre et d’approfondir nos connaissances sur la mise en œuvre de ce chef-d’œuvre quasi monochrome sublimant la technique du sfumato. L’étude scientifique met en lumière une économie de moyens remarquable. Elle permet de mieux appréhender les difficultés de la restauration et le résultat obtenu.
The Effect of Solution Treatment Temperature on Hardness, Microstructure, and Corrosion Resistance of Ti-6Al-4V ELI
Authors: Azahra Siti Amalina , Damisih Damisih , Kozin Muhammad , Fitriani Diah Ayu , Puranto Prabowo , Jujur I Nyoman , Prajitno Djoko Hadi , Ulfah Ika Maria , Hanafi Razie , Saudi Aghni Ulma , Suwondo Kusuma Putri , Marchel Prima , Kamil Muhammad Prisla
Published: June 2024

Ti-6Al-4V ELI (Ti64 ELI) has been widely used as metal-based biomedical implants as it has ductility and fracture toughness that surpasses the commercial Ti-6Al-4V. Casting process is one of the most cost-effective ways to produce near-net-shape Ti64 ELI implants. Nevertheless, previous study has found that grain coarsening occurred in an as-cast Ti64 ELI, which lowered its mechanical properties. To improve the properties, in this work, the samples were heat-treated in three different temperatures that varied above and below β-transus temperature for 30 minutes and then water-quenched. Following the solution treatment, each sample was artificially aged in 500 °C for four hours and left cooled inside the furnace. Hardness Vickers, microstructure, and XRD analyses were conducted to determine the effect of solution treatment regarding to its phase and properties. The result of microstructure observation showed transformation in different temperatures. The highest result of hardness value was obtained in the solution treatment variation of 1050 °C, which was 474 HVN. The XRD pattern showed that the intensity of the α/α’ phase of temperatures 850 °C, 950 °C, and 1050 °C were 92.84%, 72.65%, and 86.78%, respectively, with the intensity of the β phase were 7.16%, 27.35%, and 13.22%. The corrosion resistance performance was measured by the potentiodynamic polarization method using Ringer’s solution with pH ± 7,4 and the best corrosion resistance result was 0.093 mmpy in variation 950 °C as β phase was predominantly appeared in this temperature.
Development and Characterization of Paraffin Wax Based Phase Change Material with Blacksmith Slag Snag
Authors: Gogoi Mridupavan , Das Biplab , Handique Ashish , Kalita Sumit
Published: June 2024

Rapid growth in population has resulted in increased use of fossil fuels to meet the increasing energy demands. This has negative effects on the environment and poses a question about meeting the future energy demands as the fuel reserves are limited. The development of renewable energy sources is at the peak to nullify the negative impact of fossil fuels. The intermittent nature of solar energy has attracted the development and testing of latent heat storage systems (LHS). This work aims to develop a phase change material (PCM) with paraffin wax and slag snag (a byproduct of blacksmith). A few characterization methods were applied on the prepared samples to observe the effect of slag particles on the paraffin wax like, XRD, FTIR, DSC. XRD and FTIR results show good compatibility among the constituents. DSC results show 4% and 2% changes in latent heat capacity of heating and solidification as compared to pure paraffin. The FTIR and DSC analysis after 100 number of thermal cycles with the developed composite show that the composite is thermally reliable. This low cost, environment friendly and easy to prepare PCM with slag particles is not only a promising candidate for medium temperature applications abut also keeps in check the recyclability or reusability of wastes like metal slag.
Influence of Shape and Bubble Diameter on Marangoni Convection in Gold Nanoparticles
Authors: Fernandes Joshua , Kang Sangmo
Published: June 2024

New opportunities for applications in areas including photothermal therapy (PTT), biomedical imaging, and energy conversion have been made possible by advancements in nanoparticle technology. Understanding the thermal and fluidic behavior of these nanoparticles is crucial for their effective utilization. In this computational study, numerical simulations are used to examine the convective velocities connected to various gold nanoparticle (AuNP) morphologies, including nanorods, nanoshells, and nanodiscs. Our findings clearly demonstrate that nanorods have the maximum convective velocity of 91 µm/s, making them the most attractive choice for applications needing excellent thermal and fluidic performance. Additionally, we investigate the relationship between bubble diameter and convective velocity in the vicinity of gold nanorods and nanoshells. Our findings indicate that as the bubble diameter expands to 10 μm, there is a noticeable surge in convective velocity, which eventually plateaus. Furthermore, we explore the impact of shell thickness and core radius on convective velocity. A decrease in shell thickness and an increase in core radius were found to significantly enhance convective velocity, with an optimal core radius of 38 nm identified for peak performance. These findings provide vital information for the design optimization of AuNPs, notably for PTT and photoacoustic (PA) imaging, two fields where precise control of thermal and fluidic processes is essential.
Aircraft Design Implications for Urban Air Mobility Vehicles Performing Public Good Missions
Authors:   NASA Ames Research Center, Silva Christopher ,   Science and Technology Corporation, Solis Eduardo
Published: June 2024

NASA has previously designed and described set of concept aircraft to serve as reference vehicles for Urban Air Mobility (UAM), to encourage public discussion and research. These vehicles are used in this paper to quantify how suitable UAM aircraft might be for missions other than their primary commercial design missions. A set of representative public good missions are described, along with design requirements and equipage. For two of these missions, the additional weight, power, and cost to facilitate a basic vehicle which may be built or configured with the ability to perform these missions is quantified. Special layout and other considerations which may impact vehicle design are described. For aircraft designed to the NASA UAM reference mission, the addition of some meaningful public good missions causes less than 10% growth in weight and power for fossil-fueled aircraft; advanced battery-electric powered aircraft grow by a significantly larger amount and may only be possible with relaxed requirements. Meaningful public good missions with UAM vehicles are feasible, provided that public good mission requirements are considered and incorporated in the conceptual design stage of development.
Why It Takes More Energy to Decrease Rotor/Propeller Noise for eVTOL Aircraft
Authors:   VerdeGo Aero, Roiati Riccardo , Anderson Richard , Santacruz Xavier
Published: June 2024

In the emerging market of Advanced Air Mobility (AAM), aerospace companies have been designing and prototyping electric and hybrid vehicles to revolutionize travel. These vehicles must have low noise and particulate emissions while also having enough propulsive efficiency to complete the mission. This paper presents the relationship between noise and propulsive efficiency as related to any aircraft equipped with an electric motor and a variable pitch rotor/propeller. The combination of the electric motor with the variable pitch propeller/rotor allows for a decoupled rotational speed and torque generation, meaning that the electric motor can generate the same amount of torque while operating at different rotational speeds. This feature allows the rotor/propeller to hold constant thrust at different combinations of rotational speeds and torque, by adjusting the collective pitch of the blades. Therefore, for a rotor at constant thrust, the minimum noise (from loading and thickness contributions) and minimum power operating points in terms of rotor RPM and collective blade pitch, are not the same thus leading to the fact that it takes increased energy to decrease noise. A MATLAB code is developed to investigate the power and noise relationship by employing several functions to integrate XFOIL and Blade Element Momentum Theory for the rotor performance calculations and WOPWOP for thickness and loading noise analysis.
Design and Development of Swashplateless Micro Helicopter with Pitch-Lag Coupling
Authors:   Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Bhatnagar Kirti , Bansal Divyanshi , Arya Bidhan , Abhishek Abhishek
Published: June 2024

This paper presents the design and development of a swashplateless micro helicopter with a target endurance of more than 30 minutes using an optimized direct drive rotor connected to a unique rotor hub that has blades with a flap hinge and proprietary skewed-lag hinge with pitch-lag kinematic coupling. This obviates the need for conventional swashplate based cyclic pitch control, as the cyclic variation in control angle is achieved by cyclically varying the motor RPM. UP12 underactuated propulsion system developed by VertiQ is used for the baseline design. The blades in this propulsion system are optimized using Blade Element Momentum Theory (BEMT) analysis with lookup table to enhance its performance. BEMT is validated using experimental measurements and then used to optimize the geometry of the rotor. The optimized blades offer better performance and are 30% lighter than the original 3D-printed plastic blades. The prototyping of the Micro Aerial Vehicle (MAV) is completed by fabricating the airframe and using off-the-shelf electronic components. Tabletop tests are carried out using a yawing test stand to tune the yaw attitude gains for the MAV. A coupled flap-lag rotor dynamics is combined with the motor angular speed dynamics to simulate the dynamics of the system to carry out fundamental understanding of the control power being generated by the swashplateless system. The swashplateless rotor design is able to generate significant propulsive and side forces, however it is unable to generate control moments which may be inadequate for aggressive maneuvering warranted by small agile MAV.
Clozapine Withdrawal Catatonia: A Case Series and Review of Literature
Authors: Jagota Gopika , Grover Sandeep
Published: June 2024

Background:

Catatonia has been reported with withdrawal of medications. Among the various psychotropics, clozapine has been implicated to cause catatonia when abruptly withdrawn. The data regarding clozapine withdrawal catatonia are scarce and are mostly available in the form of case reports and series.

Aim:

In this case series, we present three cases of clozapine withdrawal catatonia and review the available literature on clozapine withdrawal clozapine.

Results:

All the three patients developed catatonia within 48 h to 14 days of stoppage of clozapine in the doses of 100–350 mg/day. Two of the patients experiencing clozapine withdrawal improved with reinstitution of clozapine in the previous doses along with benzodiazepines. However, one patient additionally required electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for the management of withdrawal catatonia. A review of literature showed that clozapine withdrawal catatonia has male preponderance and has been reported with withdrawal of clozapine doses of 50–550 mg/day. The catatonia usually starts in 48 h to 2 weeks of stopping clozapine. Available literature suggests that most of the patients have been managed with restarting of clozapine, along with lorazepam and occasional patients require ECT.

Conclusions:

To conclude our case series and the available review of literature suggests that sudden discontinuation of clozapine can lead to withdrawal catatonia. Our cases also highlight the importance of reviewing treatment history, especially of abrupt discontinuation of clozapine when a patient on clozapine present with catatonia. This can be very helpful in deciding about further management.
A Cross-Sectional Study of Self-Esteem and Body Image Satisfaction among Primary School Teachers in Sonitpur, Assam
Authors: Banerjee Indrajeet , Paul Fayaz Ahmad , Swain Mamata Rani
Published: June 2024

Background:

Body image is a multidimensional dynamic construct that involves internal biological and psychological factors as well as external cultural and social determinants. Body image concerns are connected with total poor self-concept in early adolescents, including poor physical, social, and academic self-concepts as well as low overall self-esteem (SE).

Objective:

The present study aims to examine the SE and body image satisfaction among primary school teachers in Sonitpur, Assam.

Materials and Methods:

The study was cross-sectional in nature. A total of 60 primary school teachers who were above 18 years of age were selected from 12 schools randomly and were included in the study. Data collection was collected with the help of the following tools: sociodemographic datasheet, Rosenberg SE Scale, Body Shape Questionnaire, and Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 items by investigators from February 2022 to July 2022 in Sonitpur province, Assam. Descriptive statistics were used to determine categorical variables, and analysis was carried out by computing percentages and the Chi-square test.

Results:

The results of the present study revealed that 15.0% of the respondents showed mild-to-moderate stress, 30.0% had mild-to-severe anxiety, and 1.7% had mild depression. A significant negative correlation was found between SE and stress (r = −0.421, P < 0.01) and SE and anxiety (r = −0.433, P < 0.01). Furthermore, a significant correlation was found between body shape (BS) and weight (r = 0.590, P < 0.05), BS and stress (r = 0.355, P < 0.01), and BS and anxiety (r = 0.333, P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

People with lower SE are progressively likely to report dissatisfied with their body size or shape and irrespective of age or gender. Since body image represents a large part of a person’s self-concept, it is unsurprising that SE and body dissatisfaction are related.
A Qualitative Study on Understanding the Process of Nonsuicidal Self-injury
Authors: Savla Hetvi Y. , Sutar Deepmala
Published: June 2024

Background:

Intentional self-harm presents a significant challenge within the mental health system, yet misconceptions persist regarding its nature, particularly the view that nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) serves as a mere call for attention and represents impulsive behavior. This study aimed to explore the process and experiences of self-harm among young adults in India to address this stigmatization.

Methods:

Semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight participants aged 21–24 years, encompassing diverse psychiatric diagnoses and a history of NSSI. These interviews aimed to delve into the nuanced experiences and perspectives surrounding self-harm in this demographic.

Results:

Thematic analysis of the interviews unveiled six overarching themes: distal risk factors, proximal risk factors, methods and conditions to self-harm, during the act, after the act, and considerations to be taken while planning intervention. These themes shed light on various factors influencing self-harm behaviors and the context in which they occur.

Conclusion:

The findings underscore the necessity of incorporating individuals’ unique processes of self-harm into intervention planning to effectively support those at risk of self-harm. By understanding the complex interplay of factors involved, mental health professionals can develop targeted and comprehensive interventions to address NSSI effectively.