bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systematic identification of molecular mediators underlying sensing ofStaphylococcus aureusbyPseudomonas aeruginosa
Authors: Zarrella Tiffany M. , Khare Anupama
Published: October 2021

Bacteria typically exist in dynamic, multispecies communities where polymicrobial interactions influence fitness. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying these interactions is critical for understanding and modulating bacterial behavior in natural environments. While bacterial responses to foreign species are frequently characterized at the molecular and phenotypic level, the exogenous molecules that elicit these responses are understudied. Here we outline a systematic strategy based on transcriptomics combined with genetic and biochemical screens of promoter-reporters to identify the molecules from one species that are sensed by another. We utilized this method to study interactions between the pathogensPseudomonas aeruginosaandStaphylococcus aureusthat are frequently found in co-infections. We discovered thatP. aeruginosasenses diverse staphylococcal exoproducts including the metallophore staphylopine, intermediate metabolites citrate and acetoin, and multiple molecules that modulate its iron starvation response. Further, we show that staphylopine inhibits biofilm formation and thatP. aeruginosacan utilize citrate and acetoin for growth, revealing that these interactions have both antagonistic and beneficial effects. Our screening approach thus identified multipleS. aureussecreted molecules that are sensed byP. aeruginosaand affect its physiology, demonstrating the efficacy of this approach, and yielding new insight into the molecular basis of interactions between these two species.
Population structure in the MHC region
Authors: Maróstica André Silva , Nunes Kelly , Castelli Erick C. , Silva Nayane S. B. , Weir Bruce S. , Goudet Jérôme , Meyer Diogo
Published: October 2021

In his 1972 “The apportionment of human diversity”, Lewontin showed that, when averaged over loci, genetic diversity is predominantly attributable to differences among individuals within populations. However, selection on specific genes and genomic regions can alter the apportionment of diversity. We examine genetic diversity at the HLA loci, located within the MHC region. HLA genes code for proteins that are critical to adaptive immunity and are well-documented targets of balancing selection. The SNPs within HLA genes show strong signatures of balancing selection on large timescales and are broadly shared among populations, with low FST values. However, when we analyze haplotypes defined by these SNPs (i.e., which define “HLA alleles”), we find marked differences in frequencies between geographic regions. These differences are not reflected in the FST values because of the extreme polymorphism at HLA loci, illustrating challenges in interpreting FST. Differences in the frequency of HLA alleles among geographic regions are relevant to bone-marrow transplantation, which requires genetic identity at HLA loci between patient and donor. We explore the case of Brazil’s bone-marrow registry, where a deficit of enrolled volunteers with African ancestry reduces the chance of finding donors for individuals with an MHC region of African ancestry.
Crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of (E)-1-[2,2-dichloro-1-(4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl]-2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)diazene
Authors: Shikhaliyev Namiq Q. , Özkaraca Kadiriye , Akkurt Mehmet , Bagirova Xanim N. , Suleymanova Gulnar T. , Abdulov Mirjalil S. , Mlowe Sixberth
Published: October 2021

In the title compound, C14H7Cl4FN2, the dihedral angle between the 4-fluorophenyl ring and the 2,4-dichlorophenyl ring is 46.03 (19)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by C—H...N interactions along the a-axis direction, forming a C(6) chain. The molecules are further connected by C—Cl...π interactions and face-to-face π–π stacking interactions, forming ribbons along the a-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis indicates that the greatest contributions to the crystal packing are from Cl...H/H...Cl (35.1%), H...H (10.6%), C...C (9.7%), Cl...Cl (9.4%) and C...H/H...C (9.2%) interactions.
Crystal structure, Hirshfeld surface analysis and DFT studies of tetrakis(μ-3-nitrobenzoato-κ2
O
1:O
1′)bis[(N,N-dimethylformamide-κO)copper(II)] dimethylformamide disolvate
Authors: Ziyaev Mavlonbek A. , Ashurov Jamshid M. , Eshimbetov Alisher G. , Ibragimov Bakhtiyar T.
Published: October 2021

The title compound, [Cu2(C7H4NO4)4(C3H7NO)2]·(C3H7NO)2, is a binuclear copper(II) complex located on an inversion center midway between the two copper(II) cations. The asymmetric unit consists of one CuII cation, two 3-nitrobenzoato ligands, and two dimethylformamide (DMF) molecules, one of which coordinates to the CuII cation and one is a solvate molecule. The carboxylate groups of the ligands bridge two CuII cations with a Cu—Cu distance of 2.6554 (6) Å, completing a distorted octahedral O5Cu coordination environment. The dihedral angles between the carboxylate and the aromatic ring planes of the two independent ligands are different from one another, viz. 5.2 (3) and 23.9 (3)°. The three-dimensional structure is consolidated by weak C—H...O interactions and stabilized by π–π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings. The complex and the free ligand were further characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), and the energies of the frontier molecular orbitals of the complex were determined by DFT calculations at the B3LYP/def2-TZVP level of theory.
Red flag behaviors in financial services frauds: a mixed-methods study
Authors: Sandhu Namrata
Published: October 2021

Purpose

This study aims to enlist the red flag behaviors exhibited in financial services frauds.

Design/methodology/approach

A pluralistic mixed methodology was adopted in this study. Data collected via semi-structured interviews were coded, quantified and subjected to descriptive analysis to identify the most frequently exhibited red flag behaviors in financial services frauds. The relative risk of exhibition of the identified red flag behaviors was assessed by intuitively comparing the red flag behaviors identified in financial services frauds (experimental group, n = 24) with the red flag behaviors identified in a heterogeneous control sample of non-financial services frauds (control group, n = 28).

Findings

This study identifies six red flag behaviors likely to be more frequently exhibited in financial services frauds than in non-financial services frauds.

Practical implications

Results of this study can be used to develop a typical behavioral profile of a financial services fraud perpetrator. Active communication of this profile in fraud awareness training can help make fraud conspicuous in the financial services industry.

Originality/value

This study is unique because human behavior as a possible fraud indicator is an under-researched area. Further, this study examines first level of evidence and attempts an ex-post analysis of actual red flag behaviors exhibited in acknowledged fraud cases in which the perpetrator/perpetrators has/have been clearly identified.
The growth of unproductive labour and the new crisis of management: the case of Australia
Authors: Boccalatte Kaylee
Published: October 2021

Purpose

Management history has long acknowledged the existence of unproductive labour. Despite becoming unfashionable in modern times, the growth of unproductive labour within the economic composition of Australia’s labour force, witnessed since the late 1980s, brings to the fore old debates with a modern resonance, debates as to how and when labour contributes to economic growth. Using Australia as a case study, this paper aims to explore the economic cost increasing rates of unproductive labour, typically associated with government-imposed regulation, may have upon an organisation, and more broadly society.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper explores the theoretical frameworks developed by classical and neoclassical economists on the subject of productive and unproductive labour and uses key elements to explain the economic consequences of the current labour economy and regulatory environment that exists within modern Australia.

Findings

It is the growth of unproductive roles within the Australian economy since the late 1980s that contributes not only to the rising cost of employing domestically and the rising cost of living, but furthermore, to the fragility of Australia’s long-term economic security.

Originality/value

Australia’s economy is bound by chains of regulation. No longer does productivity fuel a growing economy, but rather, economies are powered by the rein of unproductive labour – labour that does not produce value but rather, consumes it. Unproductive labour is not a “dusty museum piece”. Rather, it is a defining characteristic of modern Australia, one that impacts immensely the cost of domestic business, and ultimately, society and the cost of living.
Genome and gene evolution of seahorse species revealed by the chromosome‐level genome of Hippocampus abdominalis
Authors: He Libin , Long Xin , Qi Jianfei , Wang Zongji , Huang Zhen , Wu Shuiqing , Zhang Xingtan , Luo Huiyu , Chen Xinxin , Lin Jinbo , Yang Qiuhua , Huang Shiyu , Zhou Qi , Zheng Leyun
Published: October 2021

Seahorses belong to the teleost family Syngnathidae that evolved a distinct body plan and unique male pregnancy compared to other teleosts. As a classic model for studying evolution of viviparity and sexual selection of teleosts, seahorse species still lack a publicly available high‐quality reference genome. Here, we generated the genome assembly of the big‐belly seahorse, Hippocampus abdominalis with long‐read and Hi‐C technologies. We managed to place over 99% of the total length of 444.7 Mb of assembled genome into 21 linkage groups with almost no gaps. We reconstructed a phylogenomic tree with the big‐belly seahorse genome and other representative Syngnathidae and teleost species. We also reconstructed the historical population dynamics of four representative Syngnathidae species. We found the gene families that underwent expansion or contraction in the Syngnathidae ancestor were enriched for immune‐related or ion transporter gene ontology terms. Many of these genes were also reported to show a dynamic expression pattern during the pregnancy stages of H. abdominalis. We also identified putative positively selected genes in the Syngnathidae ancestor or in H. abdominalis, whose mouse mutants are enriched for abnormal craniofacial and limb morphological phenotypes. Overall, our study provides an important genome resource for evolutionary and developmental studies of seahorse species, and candidate genes for future experimental works.
Complex melanoma of the scalp: Diagnosis and management aided by confocal microscopy
Authors: Regio Pereira Amanda , Guitera Pascale , Ferguson Peter M , Ch’ng Sydney , Hirata Sergio
Published: October 2021

Melanomas of lentigo maligna subtype are a steadily growing problem and frequently represent a clinical challenge. A case is reported of a complex melanoma of the scalp illustrating the critical role of confocal microscopy for optimal diagnosis and management.
Monetary Policy Regimes in Small Open Economies: The Case of Sri Lanka*
Authors: Paranavithana Harsha , Magnusson Leandro , Tyers Rod
Published: October 2021

This paper quantifies the performance of five alternative monetary policy regimes in controlling macro volatility in a small open, emerging economy. The effects of supply, demand and external shocks are analyzed using a generic structural macro model and Monte Carlo simulation, calibrated to the case of Sri Lanka. Investigated regimes separately target the exchange rate, monetary aggregates, nominal GDP, the consumer price index inflation rate and a Taylor composite of output gaps and inflation. The results suggest that nominal GDP targeting minimizes real GDP volatility, and when stabilizing economic welfare is the objective, volatility is minimized under inflation targeting and Taylor policy rules. The IT regime is most effective under demand and external shocks, which have grown more prominent as product and financial markets have opened.
Parent and teacher warm involvement and student’s academic engagement: The mediating role of self‐system processes
Authors: Rickert Nicolette P. , Skinner Ellen A.
Published: October 2021

Background

Parents, teachers, and researchers all share the goal of optimizing students’ academic engagement (Handbook of social influences in school contexts: Social‐emotional, motivation, and cognitive outcomes, 2016, Routledge, New York, NY). While separate lines of research have demonstrated the importance of high‐quality relationships and support from parents and teachers, few studies have examined the collective contributions of adults’ warm involvement or the processes by which support from both parents and teachers shapes students’ engagement. According to the self‐system process model of motivational development, warm involvement from key social partners fosters students’ sense of relatedness, competence, and autonomy, (Minnesota Symposium on Child Psychology, Vol. 23: Self processes in development, 1991, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, IL; Theory and Research in Education, 2009, 7, 133), which subsequently fuels their engagement with academic tasks and challenges (Journal of Educational Psychology, 2003, 95, 148).

Aims

The current study sought to examine whether a sense of relatedness, competence, or autonomy could explain the relation between parents’ and teachers’ warm involvement and changes in students’ academic engagement across a school year.

Sample

Data was drawn from 1011 third, fourth, fifth, and sixth graders.

Method

Students reported on adult warm involvement, self‐system processes, and engagement in the fall and spring of a single school year.

Results

Structural equation models demonstrated that parent and teacher warm involvement each uniquely, positively, and indirectly predicted changes in students’ academic engagement through a combination of students’ sense of relatedness, competence, and autonomy, though these patterns differed slightly across adults.

Conclusions

Implications for optimizing students’ academic engagement are discussed, including the need for intervention efforts focused on both parents and teachers and students’ self‐system processes.
Comparative study of therapy‐related and de novo adult b‐cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
Authors: Abdel Rahman Zaid H. , Parrondo Ricardo D. , Heckman Michael G. , Wieczorek Mikolaj , Miller Kevin C. , Alkhateeb Hassan , Sproat Lisa Z. , Murthy Hemant , Hogan William J. , Kharfan‐Dabaja Mohamed A. , Peterson Jess F. , Baughn Linda B. , Hoppman Nicole , Litzow Mark R. , Ketterling Rhett P. , Greipp Patricia T. , Foran James M.
Published: October 2021

We report a comparative analysis of patients with therapy‐related acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (tr‐ALL) vs de novo ALL. We identified 331 patients with B‐ALL; 69 (21%) were classified as tr‐ALL. The most common prior malignancies were breast (23·2%) and plasma cell disorders (20·3%). Patients with tr‐ALL were older (median 63·2 vs. 46·2 years, P < 0.001), more often female (66·7% vs. 43·5%, P < 0·001), and more likely to have hypodiploid cytogenetics (18·8% vs. 5·0%, P < 0·001). In multivariable analysis, patients with tr‐ALL were less likely to achieve complete remission [odds ratio (OR) = 0·16, P < 0·001] and more likely to be minimal residual disease‐positive (OR = 4·86, P = 0·01) but had similar OS after diagnosis and allo‐haematopoietic cell transplantation.
Effects of contemporaneous orogenesis on sedimentation in the Late Cretaceous Western Interior Basin, northern Utah and southwestern Wyoming
Authors: Davis Elizabeth M. , Rudolph Kurt W. , Saylor Joel E. , Lapen Thomas J. , Wellner Julia S.
Published: October 2021

Three drivers of subsidence are recognized in the Western Interior Basin: Mesozoic–early Cenozoic flexure adjacent to the thin‐skinned, eastward propagating Sevier Orogeny, Late Cretaceous–Eocene flexure associated with thick‐skinned Laramide Uplifts and Late Cretaceous dynamic subsidence. This study combines outcrop lithofacies, palaeocurrent measurements, detrital zircon geochronology, biostratigraphy, stratigraphic correlations and isopach maps of Coniacian–Maastrichtian (89–66 Ma) units to identify these subsidence mechanisms impact on basin geometry and stratigraphic architecture in the northern Utah to southwestern Wyoming segment of the North American Cordillera. Detrital zircon maximum depositional ages and biostratigraphy support that the Maastrichtian Hams Fork Conglomerate was deposited above the Moxa unconformity in the wedgetop and foredeep depozones. The Moxa unconformity underlies the progradational Ericson Formation in the distal foredeep. The Hams Fork, however, is younger than the Ericson Formation, and instead equivalent to upper Almond Formation. Therefore, the hiatus associated with the Moxa unconformity continued for several million years longer in the fold belt and proximal basin than in the distal foredeep, with Ericson Formation‐equivalent strata onlapping the Moxa unconformity towards the west. Regional thickness patterns record and constrain the timing of the transition from Sevier to Laramide‐style tectonic regimes. From 88 to 83 Ma (upper Baxter Formation) a westward‐thickening stratigraphic wedge characterized the foredeep developed by lithospheric flexure by thrust‐belt loading. Nevertheless, the presence of >500 m of subsidence >200 km from the thrust front suggests a long‐wavelength subsidence mechanism consistent with dynamic subsidence. By 83 Ma (Blair Formation) the long‐wavelength depocentre shifted away from the thrust belt, with no evidence of a Sevier foredeep. This depocentre continued migrating eastward during the early‐mid Campanian (ca. 81–77 Ma). The late Campanian–Maastrichtian (ca. 74–66 Ma) is marked by narrow sedimentary wedges adjacent to the Wind River, Granite and Uinta Mountain uplifts and attributed to flexural loading by Laramide deformation.
Measuring well‐being in older adults: Identifying an appropriate single‐item questionnaire
Authors: Fukui Sakiko , Ishikawa Takako , Iwahara Yuka , Fujikawa Aya , Fujita Junko , Takahashi Kunihiko
Published: October 2021

Aim

As the older adult population increases globally, it is important for local governments to measure their health and well‐being consistently to effectively support this group. Because definitions of subjective well‐being – such as happiness, life satisfaction and subjective health – overlap, it is worth considering which single‐item indicator local governments can rely on to measure individual well‐being. This study, therefore, explored the correlation between three single‐item questionnaires on happiness, life satisfaction and subjective health used in government surveys, and established psychometric scales of happiness, life satisfaction and quality of life, and analyzed which of the three single‐item indicators most effectively captured the target well‐being.

Methods

Randomly selected people aged ≥65 years in urban and rural areas (n = 1440) answered the questions on the Happiness Scale, the Satisfaction with Life Scale and the Quality of Life scale, and the three single‐item questionnaires (happiness, life satisfaction and subjective health). We analyzed the data using correlation and multiple regression analyses.

Results

The results showed a high positive correlation between the scales and the single‐item questionnaires. The single‐item life satisfaction and subjective health questionnaires were significantly correlated with all the three scales. Although there was not much difference in the adjusted R2 values between putting three items jointly and separately, the value of single‐item life satisfaction was the best and the subjective health was the second best.

Conclusion

The results showed that the single‐item life satisfaction and subjective health effectively captured the target well‐being; these could be the appropriate indicators for a potential optimal index. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2021; 21: 1131–1137.
Adding collagen to adipose tissue transplant increases engraftment by promoting cell proliferation, neovascularisation and macrophage activity in a rat model
Authors: Suzuki Chika , Komiya Takako , Inoue Hana , Yoshimoto Takayuki , Matsumura Hajime
Published: October 2021

To clarify the effect of collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue on angiogenesis, cell proliferation and tissue remodelling process and reveal whether collagen addition contributes to improving transplanted adipose tissue engraftment in rats. Adipose tissue was harvested from the inguinal and injected into the back of the rat, in addition to collagen. Engraftment tissue was harvested, semi‐quantitatively evaluated and underwent haematoxylin and eosin or Perilipin staining. Moreover, we evaluated viable adipocyte counts and neovascularisation. Macrophages were evaluated using flow cytometry, and the adiponectin or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) mRNA was detected using real‐time polymerase chain reaction. By collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue, higher engraftment rate semi‐quantitatively and a greater number of new blood vessels histologically were identified. Perilipin staining revealed a higher adipocyte number. The total cell, M1 macrophage and M2 macrophage count were higher. There was increased adiponectin mRNA significantly at week 4 compared to that at week 1 after transplantation. Note that the expression levels of VEGF mRNA increased. In rats, adding collagen enhanced cell proliferation, induced M2 macrophages, which are involved in wound healing, and promoted adipocytes and neovascularisation. Therefore, collagen addition to transplanted adipose tissue could increase the engraftment rate of adipose tissue.
Contemporary records of the rare and critically endangered angular rough shark, Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758), from the eastern Adriatic Sea
Authors: Gajić Andrej A. , Lelo Suvad , Joksimović Aleksandar , Pešić Ana , Tomanić Jovana , Beširović Hajrudin , Dragičević Branko
Published: October 2021

The angular rough shark, Oxynotus centrina (Linnaeus, 1758), is a poorly known and rare bathydemersal shark inhabiting continental shelves and upper slopes with a significant lack of data and rarely published records in the Adriatic Sea in this century. In this paper, we present 20 new occurrences recorded from May 2015 to September 2021, of which 19 are in Croatian and one in Montenegrin territorial waters. Records of juveniles, subadults and adults are reported. Higher number of records off the Kornati archipelago in the central Adriatic Sea suggest that this area is of particular importance for this species. Furthermore, habitats in the Southern Adriatic might have lower density. Due to the nonsystematic research and nonprobabilistic data collection, it is difficult to establish whether the greater number of records in the continental shelf is just an ostensible phenomenon.
Lipidome changes in alcohol‐related brain damage
Authors: Smith Caine C. , Sheedy Donna L. , McEwen Holly P. , Don Anthony S. , Kril Jillian J. , Sutherland Greg T.
Published: October 2021

Alcohol‐related brain injury is characterized by cognitive deficits and brain atrophy with the prefrontal cortex particularly susceptible. White matter in the human brain is lipid rich and a major target of damage from chronic alcohol abuse; yet, there is sparse information on how these lipids are affected. Here, we used untargeted lipidomics as a discovery tool to describe these changes in the prefrontal, middle temporal, and visual cortices of human subjects with alcohol use disorder and controls. Significant changes to the lipidome, predominantly in the prefrontal and visual cortices, and differences between the white and grey matter of each brain region were identified. These effects include broad decreases to phospholipids and ceramide, decreased polyunsaturated fatty acids, decreased sphingadiene backbones, and selective decreases in cholesteryl ester fatty acid chains. Our findings show that chronic alcohol abuse results in selective changes to the neurolipidome, which likely reflects both the directs effects on the brain and concurrent effects on the liver.

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Periodontal bacteria in the brain—Implication for Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Parra‐Torres Valeria , Melgar‐Rodríguez Samanta , Muñoz‐Manríquez Constanza , Sanhueza Benjamín , Cafferata Emilio A. , Paula‐Lima Andrea C. , Díaz‐Zúñiga Jaime
Published: October 2021

Periodontitis is a chronic non‐communicable disease caused by a dysbiotic microbiota. Pathogens can spread to the bloodstream, colonize other tissues or organs, and favor the onset of other pathologies, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Pathogens could permanently or transiently colonize the brain and induce an immune response. Thus, we analyzed the evidence combining oral bacteria's detection in the brain, both in animals and humans affected with AD. This systematic review was carried out following the PRISMA guideline. Studies that detected oral bacteria at the brain level were selected. The search was carried out in the Medline, Latindex, SciELO, and Cochrane Library databases. SYRCLE tool and Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale were used for the risk of bias assessment. 23 studies were selected according to the eligibility criteria. Infection with oral pathogens in animals was related to developing neuropathological characteristics of AD and bacteria detection in the brain. In patients with AD, oral bacteria were detected in brain tissues, and increased levels of pro‐inflammatory cytokines were also detected. There is evidence of a microbiological susceptibility to develop AD when the most dysbiosis‐associated oral bacteria are present. The presence of bacteria in the brain is related to AD's pathological characteristics, suggesting an etiological oral‐brain axis.
The valuable interaction among cardiac surgeon and electrophysiologist for transvenous rotational mechanical lead extraction
Authors: Migliore Federico , Tarzia Vincenzo , Dall'Aglio Pietro Bernardo , Falzone Pasquale Valerio , De Lazzari Manuel , Bottio Tomaso , D'Onofrio Augusto , Padalino Massimo , Vida Vladimiro , Rosso Jacopo , Leoni Loira , Pittarello Demetrio , Bertaglia Emanuele , Iliceto Sabino , Gerosa Gino
Published: October 2021

Background

Recent studies have shown that Evolution RL bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath (Cook Medical, USA) is an effective and safe technique for transvenous lead extraction (TLE). We reported our experience with the bidirectional rotational mechanical tools using a multidisciplinary approach highlighting the value of a joint cardiac surgeon and electrophysiologist collaboration.

Methods

The study population comprised 84 patients (77% male; mean age 65 ± 18 years) undergoing TLE. After a multidisciplinary evaluation, a combined procedure was considered.

Results

The main indication for TLE was infection in 54 cases (64%). Overall, 152 leads were extracted with a mean implant duration of 94 ± 63 months (range 12–421). Complete procedural success rate, clinical success rate, and lead removal with clinical success rate were 91.6% (77/84), 97.6% (82/84), and 98.6% (150/152), respectively. Eighteen combined procedures were performed in 12 patients (14%), such as “hybrid approach” (n = 2) or TLE concomitant to: 1) transcatheter aspiration procedure for large vegetation (n = 8); 2) left ventricular assistance device implantation as bridge to cardiac transplantation (n = 1); 3) permanent pacing with epicardial leads (n = 6); 4) tricuspid valve replacement (n = 1). One major complication (1.2%) and 11 (13%) minor complications were encountered. No injury to the superior vena cava occurred and no procedure‐related deaths were reported. During a mean time follow‐up of 21 ± 18 months, 17 patients (20%) died. They were more often diabetics (p = .02), and they underwent TLE more often for infection (p = .004).

Conclusions

Our results support the finding that excellent outcomes can be achieved in performing TLE of chronically implanted leads by using the Evolution RL bidirectional rotational mechanical sheath and a multidisciplinary team approach involving both electrophysiologist and cardiac surgeon as first line operators.
Description of a novel allele HLA‐DRB1*16:02:10, identified in a bone marrow donor
Authors: Cheranev Valery , Cooper Michael , Jankevic Tatjana , Turner Thomas R. , Loginova Maria
Published: October 2021

The new allele HLA‐DRB1*16:02:10 showed one synonymous nucleotide difference with HLA‐DRB1*16:02:01:01 in codon 58.
Lithospheric structure beneath the Qinling Orogenic Belt and its surrounding regions: Implications for regional lithosphere deformation
Authors: Li Mengkui , Li Jinwu , Wei Yu
Published: October 2021

We present a lithospheric shear‐wave velocity model for the Qinling Orogenic Belt (QOB) and its surrounding regions through joint inversion of surface wave dispersion and receiver functions. Our model reveals large‐scale extremely low‐velocity zones (Vs ≤ 3.4 km/s) beneath the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau without further eastward extension, implying the absence ductile crustal flow beneath the eastern part of QOB. Pronounced upper‐mantle low‐velocity anomalies are imaged beneath the North Qinling and Weihe basin, suggesting the existence of deep mantle upwellings that lead to the extensional tectonics in these regions. A high‐velocity zone running continuously from the Alxa block to the eastern part of Qilian orogen in the uppermost mantle is revealed. We identify the high‐velocity zone to be the Asian mantle lithosphere and infer the development of southward underthrusting towards Qilian orogen.
Two-Step Algorithm to Detect Cyber-Attack Over the Can-Bus: A Preliminary Case Study in Connected Vehicles
Authors: Lombardi Marco , Pascale Francesco , Santaniello Domenico
Published: October 2021

Modern vehicles are connected to the network and between each other through smart sensors and smart objects commonly present on board. This situation has allowed manufacturers to send over-the-air updates, receive diagnostic information, and offer various multimedia services. More generally, at present, all this is indicated by the term “Vehicle to Everything” (V2X), which indicates a system of communication between a vehicle and any entity that may influence the vehicle and vice versa. However, it introduces problems regarding the vehicle's IT security. It is possible, for example, by tampering with one of the electronic control units (ECUs) to take partial or total control of the vehicle. In this paper, we introduce a preliminary study case of a probabilistic approach in an intrusion detection system over the CAN-bus to guarantee cybersecurity inside connected vehicles. In particular, through the use of an innovative two-step detection algorithm that exploits both the variation of the status parameters of the various ECUs over time and the Bayesian networks can identify a possible attack. Starting from a domain analysis is possible to find out what are the parameters of interests and how these are related to each other. The first experimental results seem encouraging.
Self-Compassion and Reactions to a Recalled Exercise Lapse: The Moderating Role of Gender-Role Schemas
Authors: Signore Alana , Semenchuk Brittany N. , Strachan Shaelyn M.
Published: October 2021

Exercise is good for health and well-being, yet people experience lapses when trying to adhere to exercise. Self-compassion may help people cope with exercise lapses. Most research on self-compassion and exercise has been conducted with women; men may also benefit from self-compassion. No research has examined whether gender-role schema influences responses to exercise lapses. The authors examined both male and female adult exercisers (N = 220) who reported their self-compassion, recalled an exercise lapse, their reactions to the lapse, and their self-identification of masculinity and femininity. After controlling for self-esteem, age, and lapse importance, self-compassion negatively related to emotional responses (p < .001), rumination (p < .001), extrinsic motivation (p = .004), and positively related to intrinsic motivation (p < .001). Masculinity moderated the relationships between self-compassion and amotivation (p = .006), and identified regulation (p = .01). Self-compassion may be an effective resource for exercisers, especially those who identify as highly masculine.
Institutional Strategies to Enhance Graduate Student Success Through Mentoring
Authors: Waldron Jennifer J.
Published: October 2021

High-quality mentoring is a vital component of graduate education that leads to degree completion. For many students and faculty members, the traditional model of mentorship based on a fixed hierarchy is no longer viable because of the increasing complexity of higher education, diversification of graduate student career paths, and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. For the success of our students and graduate programs, it is essential that kinesiology leaders place renewed effort on supporting the mentoring relationship through departmental strategies. Effective mentoring can assist students in feeling competent, autonomous, and connected with others. The purpose of this paper is to explore the three components of a contemporary model of mentorship—transparent socialization, mutually shared expectations, and the student as a whole individual.
Demonstrating Equitable and Inclusive Crisis Leadership in Higher Education
Authors: Russell Jared A. , Gonzales Leslie D. , Barkhoff Harald
Published: October 2021

Academic leadership faces tremendous pressure to build sustainable environments that demonstrate a commitment to the principles of inclusive excellence. Currently, the convergence of dual global crises—the COVID-19 pandemic and reckoning of systemic violence and racism toward individuals from historically marginalized and oppressed groups—has led to prioritizing impactful inclusive excellence leadership processes that address justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion. However, too often, in times of crisis, the strategic prioritizing and, more importantly, allocation of resources to support inclusive excellence initiatives are seen as secondary, tangential, or nonessential to the core operational mission of academic units. In this article, the authors discuss the unique realities, challenges, and opportunities academic leaders face when leading an equitable and inclusive academic workplace and culture during and after a crisis. The authors provide fundamental inclusive excellence and justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion terminology and definitions. In addition, the authors provide attributes, behaviors, and action steps for demonstrating equitable and inclusive crisis leadership.
Tyrosine phosphorylation of NLRP3 by the Src family kinase Lyn suppresses the activity of the NLRP3 inflammasome
Authors: Tang Juan , Xiao Yizhi , Lin Guoxin , Guo Hui , Deng Han-Xiang , Tu Sha , Langdon Wallace Y. , Yang Huixiang , Tao Lijian , Li Yalan , Pope R. Marshall , Gupta Neetu , Zhang Jian
Published: October 2021

Inflammasome signaling is kept in check by the kinase Lyn.
Host Stress Signals Stimulate Pneumococcal Transition from Colonization to Dissemination into the Lungs
Authors: Alghofaili Fayez , Najmuldeen Hastyar , Kareem Banaz O. , Shlla Bushra , Fernandes Vitor E. , Danielsen Morten , Ketley Julian M. , Freestone Primrose , Yesilkaya Hasan
Published: October 2021

Microbes acquire unique lifestyles under different environmental conditions. Although this is a widespread occurrence, our knowledge of the importance of various host signals and their impact on microbial behavior is not clear despite the therapeutic value of this knowledge.
Supplemental Material: Stratigraphy of the Eocene–Oligocene Titus Canyon Formation, Death Valley, California, and Eocene extensional tectonism in the Basin and Range
Authors: Midttun N. , al. et
Published: October 2021

Files removed. Please see Notice of Withdrawal at https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02363.1.
Determinants of health system diagnostic delay of pulmonary tuberculosis in Gurage and Siltie zones, South Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Wako Wako Golicha , Wasie Abebaw , Wayessa Zelalem , Fikrie Anteneh
Published: October 2021

Background

Unrecognised transmission of tuberculosis is a main contributor of high epidemic of tuberculosis in low-income countries. Studies done in Ethiopia showed that delay in tuberculosis diagnosis and treatment is one of the major challenges to tuberculosis control programmes in the country. This study assessed factors which predict health system diagnostic delay of new pulmonary tuberculosis in Gurage and Siltie zones, South Ethiopia.

Methods

A health facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 204 adult patients with new pulmonary tuberculosis in Gurage and Siltie zones. Consecutive sampling technique was used to recruit participants. Data were collected by using a structured and pretested Amharic questionnaire. Data were entered into Epi-info V.7, processed and analysed by SPSS V.20. Health system diagnostic delay was dichotomised as either long or acceptable delay using median delay.

Results

Median (IQR) patient and health system diagnostic delays are almost equal which are 20 (10–34.5) and 20.5 (8.2–56.2) days, respectively. Results from logistic regression show that presence of long patient delays (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.85, 95% CI: 1.44 to 5.62; p=0.003) in seeking care, presence of sputum smear examination (AOR=0.37, 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.75; p=0.005) at the first visit to a health facility and multiple heath facility visit before diagnosis of tuberculosis (AOR=4.95, 95% CI: 1.98 to 12.40; p=0.001) were factors significantly associated with long health system diagnostic delay.

Conclusions

Long patient delay and multiple health facility visits are positively associated with long health system diagnostic delay; whereas sputum smear examination at the first contact with a health facility is negatively associated with long health system tuberculosis diagnostic delay.
Longitudinal humoral antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 infection among healthcare workers in a New York City hospital
Authors: Menon Vidya , Shariff Masood A , Perez Gutierrez Victor , Carreño Juan M , Yu Bo , Jawed Muzamil , Gossai Marcia , Valdez Elisenda , Pillai Anjana , Venugopal Usha , Kasubhai Moiz , Dimitrov Vihren , Krammer Florian
Published: October 2021

Objective

Dynamics of humoral immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 antigens following infection suggest an initial decay of antibody followed by subsequent stabilisation. We aim to understand the longitudinal humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein and spike (S) protein and to evaluate their correlation to clinical symptoms among healthcare workers (HCWs).

Design

A prospective longitudinal study.

Setting

This study was conducted in a New York City public hospital in the South Bronx, New York.

Participants

HCWs participated in phase 1 (N=500) and were followed up 4 months later in phase 2 (N=178) of the study. They underwent SARS-CoV-2 PCR and serology testing for N and S protein antibodies, in addition to completion of an online survey in both phases. Analysis was performed on the 178 participants who participated in both phases of the study.

Primary outcome measure

Evaluate longitudinal humoral responses to viral N (qualitative serology testing) and S protein (quantitative Mount Sinai Health System ELISA to detect receptor-binding domain and full-length S reactive antibodies) by measuring rate of decay.

Results

Anti-N antibody positivity was 27% and anti-S positivity was 28% in phase 1. In phase 1, anti-S titres were higher in symptomatic (6754 (5177–8812)) than in asymptomatic positive subjects (5803 (2825–11 920)). Marginally higher titres (2382 (1494–3797)) were seen in asymptomatic compared with the symptomatic positive subgroup (2198 (1753–2755)) in phase 2. A positive correlation was noted between age (R=0.269, p<0.01), number (R=0.310, p<0.01) and duration of symptoms (R=0.434, p<0.01), and phase 1 anti-S antibody titre. A strong correlation (R=0.898, p<0.001) was observed between phase 1 titres and decay of anti-S antibody titres between the two phases. Significant correlation with rate of decay was also noted with fever (R=0.428, p<0.001), gastrointestinal symptoms (R=0.340, p<0.05), and total number (R=0.357, p<0.01) and duration of COVID-19 symptoms (R=0.469, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Higher initial anti-S antibody titres were associated with larger number and longer duration of symptoms as well as a faster decay between the two time points.
Evaluating Montréal’s harm reduction interventions for people who inject drugs: protocol for observational study and cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Panagiotoglou Dimitra , Abrahamowicz Michal , Buckeridge David L , Caro J Jaime , Latimer Eric , Maheu-Giroux Mathieu , Strumpf Erin C
Published: October 2021

Introduction

The main harm reduction interventions for people who inject drugs (PWID) are supervised injection facilities, needle and syringe programmes and opioid agonist treatment. Current evidence supporting their implementation and operation underestimates their usefulness by excluding skin, soft tissue and vascular infections (SSTVIs) and anoxic/toxicity-related brain injury from cost-effectiveness analyses (CEA). Our goal is to conduct a comprehensive CEA of harm reduction interventions in a setting with a large, dispersed, heterogeneous population of PWID, and include prevention of SSTVIs and anoxic/toxicity-related brain injury as measures of benefit in addition to HIV, hepatitis C and overdose morbidity and mortalities averted.

Methods and analysis

This protocol describes how we will develop an open, retrospective cohort of adult PWID living in Québec between 1 January 2009 and 31 December 2020 using administrative health record data. By complementing this data with non-linkable paramedic dispatch records, regional monthly needle and syringe dispensation counts and repeated cross-sectional biobehavioural surveys, we will estimate the hazards of occurrence and the impact of Montréal’s harm reduction interventions on the incidence of drug-use-related injuries, infections and deaths. We will synthesise results from our empirical analyses with published evidence to simulate infections and injuries in a hypothetical population of PWID in Montréal under different intervention scenarios including current levels of use and scale-up, and assess the cost-effectiveness of each intervention from the public healthcare payer’s perspective.

Ethics and dissemination

This study was approved by McGill University’s Institutional Review Board (Study Number: A08-E53-19B). We will work with community partners to disseminate results to the public and scientific community via scientific conferences, a publicly accessible report, op-ed articles and open access peer-reviewed journals.
Next-generation lampricides: a three-stage process to develop improved control tools for invasive sea lamprey
Authors: Lantz Stephen R. , Adair Robert A. , Amberg Jon J. , Bergstedt Roger , Boogaard Michael A. , Bussy Ugo , Docker Margaret F. , Dunlop Erin S. , Gonzalez Alex , Hubert Terrance D. , Siefkes Michael J. , Sullivan W. Paul , Whyard Steve , Wilkie Michael P. , Young Bradley , Muir Andrew
Published: October 2021

Successful integrated management of the invasive predatory sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America is owed largely to the long history of beneficial use of two lampricides: 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and 2′,5-dichloro-4′-nitrosalicylanilide (niclosamide). Ensuring continued successful sea lamprey control necessitates consideration of possible next-generation lampricides to supplement or replace current lampricides. This review identifies fifteen hallmarks of success for current lampricides to be used as design criteria in a search for next-generation lampricides. A three-stage research approach is outlined. Targeted research using omics, computer modelling, and high-throughput technology to define molecular mechanisms and high probability molecular targets for sea lamprey selective toxic action is crucial to prioritizing chemical candidates. Targeted delivery or identifying synergists to existing or new lampricides can provide increased efficiency and reduced environmental impact. Ultimate development of next-generation lampricides will rely on traditional toxicity testing methodologies to ensure safety and regulatory compliance.
Evaluation of the Spatiotemporal Epidemiological Modeler (STEM) during the recent COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baldassi F. , D’Amico F. , Malizia A. , Gaudio P.
Published: October 2021

In early December 2019, some people in China were diagnosed with an unknown pneumonia in Wuhan, in the Hubei province. The responsible of the outbreak was identified in a novel human-infecting coronavirus which differs both from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus and from Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus. The new coronavirus, officially named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 by the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses, has spread worldwide within few weeks. Only two vaccines have been approved by regulatory agencies and some others are under development. Moreover, effective treatments have not been yet identified or developed even if some potential molecules are under investigation. In a pandemic outbreak, when treatments are not available, the only method that contribute to reduce the virus spreading is the adoption of social distancing measures, like quarantine and isolation. With the intention of better managing emergencies like this, which are a great public health threat, it is important to dispose of predictive epidemiological tools that can help to understand both the virus spreading in terms of people infected, hospitalized, dead and recovered and the effectiveness of containment measures.
A low-noise single-photon detector for long-distance free-space quantum communication
Authors: Anisimova Elena , Nikulov Dmitri , Hu Simeng Simone , Bourgon Mark , Neumann Sebastian Philipp , Ursin Rupert , Jennewein Thomas , Makarov Vadim
Published: October 2021

We build and test a single-photon detector based on a Si avalanche photodiode Excelitas 30902SH thermoelectrically cooled to −100∘C. Our detector has dark count rate below 1 Hz, $500\ \mu\mathrm{m}$
500

μ
m
diameter photosensitive area, photon detection efficiency around 50%, afterpulsing less than 0.35%, and timing jitter under 1 ns. These characteristics make it suitable for long-distance free-space quantum communication links, which we briefly discuss. We also report an improved method that we call long-time afterpulsing analysis, used to determine and visualise long trap lifetimes at different temperatures.
Electromagnetic Properties and Microwave Absorption of Electrospun Fe2O3-Carbon Composite Nanofibers with Particle–Nanorod Structure
Authors: Xie Guixu , Cheng Guoting , Lv Tianyang , Ma Junqing , Zhang Tingting , Zhang Yurui , Yu Yang , Jiang Longlong , Wang Xiao-Xiong , Long Yun-Ze
Published: October 2021

Multifunctional composite nanostructure prepared via electrospinning has attracted wide attention. In this study, Fe2O3-carbon composite nanofiber with particle–nanorod structure was successfully prepared via electrospinning and followed calcination. Then, the electromagnetic properties of this material have been fully characterized, and the influence of different preparation conditions on these properties has been studied. In addition, compared to pure [Formula: see text]-Fe2O3nanoparticles and hollow Fe2O3nanofibers, the composite nanofibers with a thickness of 2.64[Formula: see text]mm exhibited an additional absorption peak at a frequency of 13.92[Formula: see text]GHz and an enhancement in absorption at a frequency of 15.45[Formula: see text]GHz, which may be attributed to the increase in electrical loss introduced by amorphous carbon and the enhanced magnetic loss resulting from the multi-stage reflection introduced by the particle–nanorod structure. This study shows that the composite of Fe2O3and carbon, and the introduction of the particle–nanorod structure can improve the microwave absorption efficiency of materials, and more nanocomposites can be designed like this to further improve their electromagnetic properties and absorption efficiency in the future.