bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Special education in pedagogical projects of the undergraduate courses at the Federal University of Maranhão/UFMA
Authors: Cruz Maria do Carmo Alves da , Fernandes Disraely da Silva Machado , Santos Fernanda Rodrigues , Moraes Louriane Lindoso , Campos Natalia Moreira de Carvalho , Matos Raimunda do Socorro Lemos de , Rosa Kaciana Nascimento da Silveira
Published: April 2023

This study investigates the initial training of Basic Education teachers – Kindergarten, Elementary and High School –, through the analysis of the Pedagogical Curricular Projects of the undergraduate courses offered at the Federal University of Maranhão-UFMA, Campus Dom Delgado, to work with target audience of Special Education students in regular education classrooms. Fourteen projects were analyzed through descriptive, bibliographical and documentary studies. The results showed that Special/Inclusive Education was superficially identified in the Curriculum Pedagogical Projects of the undergraduate courses at the UFMA in most of the analyzed material, indicating the invisibility of this area in the initial teacher training courses; and the relevance that needs to be given to the theoretical-practical aspect in teacher training for school inclusion.
Evaluation of the salivary pH and its correlation with dental caries in a population of Brazilian adolescents
Authors: Braine Natan Rodrigo , Centanini Izadora Araújo , Pontes Laura Silveira , Michels Bruna , Vianna Michelle Santos , Rezende Carlos Eduardo Edwards , Pecharki Giovana Daniela , Gabardo Marilisa Carneiro Leão , Brancher João Armando
Published: April 2023

Dental caries is one of the most prevalent diseases around the world and saliva plays an essential role in controlling the evolution of the disease. This study aimed to investigate if salivary pH is correlated with dental caries in a population of Brazilian adolescents. Adolescents, of both sexes, were submitted to clinical examinations for diagnosis of dental caries according to Decay, Missing, and Filling Teeth index (DMFT). The adolescents were allocated into two groups: i. unaffected by caries (DMFT= 0) and ii. affected by caries (DMFT≥ 1). Saliva samples were collected, and the pH was measured using a pH meter. 672 adolescents were examined, mean age of 12 years old (± 0.45), 305 (45.4%) male and 367 (54.6%) female. The DMFT index in the overall population was 1.46; 49% of the population had DMFT=0. The main result point to a negative correlation but significant between dental caries and salivary pH for the total sample (r= -0.119; CI= -0.195 to -0.042; p=0.002) and for males (r= -0.143; CI= -0.254 to -0.028; p=0.012), and a borderline value for females (r= -0.099; CI= -0.202 to 0.006; 0.057). This study showed that there is a correlation between salivary pH and dental caries in examined adolescents.
Environmental management in small olericultural properties: assessment and prioritization of environmental damage
Authors: Mota Junior Vidal Dias da , Ribeiro Francisco Carlos , Lima Flaviano Agostinho de , Ribeiro Admilson Irio , Oliveira Décio de
Published: April 2023

Some inappropriate cultivation practices can promote negative consequences to the physical, biotic and anthropic environment. Horticulture plays an important role in both food production and income generation. The objective of the study was to identify environmental damage through analysis of the environmental aspects of vegetable production activities and to propose a prioritization of these damages using the severity, urgency and trend prioritization matrix (GUT Matrix). The method was applied in three small farms. After using the GUT matrix, it showed that for each rural property the damage management priorities were different. The priority in the management of environmental damage on rural property 1 is related to the water reservoir, the damage on small property 2 is on the health and occupational safety of workers and the damage to be prioritized on vegetable property 3 is related to loss of productivity. In this context, it demonstrates the need to know and prioritize environmental damage in small rural properties to improve the environmental management process and introduce management tools for management.
Program Sokongan Kesihatan Mental Dalam Talian: Analisis Keperluan dan Pembangunan
Authors: Mohamad Ahmad Muhaimin
Published: April 2023

The Covid-19 pandemic has been identified as having an impact on the personal mental health including students due to movement control order and its hard for individuals to meet physically for social activities including mental health support services. A virtual support program was identified as the best alternative. Nevertheless, the development of a support program platform requires a preliminary study; to identify the necessary factors and development guidelines based on literature review. This study aims to identify the needs and development of a mental health support portal for university students. A total of 67 articles were identified from Google Scholar database based on combination of keywords that refer to research theme. A qualitative approach and content analysis found that three main factor of virtual mental health support; pandemic situation, technological development, and changing of generation. Analysis showed that, there must be a virtual support program among students. While the design model is requiring as a development guideline. The discussion suggests the implications of study for educational institutions to provide mental health support portals. While the developer needs to use the standard set by a qualified agency. The results also recommend the positive impact of the existence and development of a mental health support portal to the public.
Kajian Analisis Keperluan Sistem Pengurusan E-Sisa dan Pembangunan Prototaip Aplikasi E-Sisa di KUIS
Authors: Kasbun Rafiza
Published: April 2023

Pengurusan e-sisa menjadi cabaran utama setiap negara kini termasuk Malaysia. Organisasi syarikat samada badan kerajaan atau swasta perlu mengambil inisiatif yang berkesan bagi memastikan kakitangan melakukan pelupusan e-sisa dengan betul. Berdasarkan permasalahan, kajian menganalisis tahap kesedaran dan keperluan sistem aplikasi pengurusan e-sisa di kalangan kakitangan dan pelajar Kolej Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Selangor dilakukan. Kajian juga membangunkan prototaip sistem aplikasi e-sisa dalaman KUIS berdasarkan analisis data yang dilakukan. Kajian ini menggunakan borang soal selidik sebagai instrumen utama yang telah diedarkan kepada kakitangan dan pelajar KUIS. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kakitangan dan pelajar KUIS maklum akan cara pelupusan e-sisa namun usaha untuk melakukan pelupusan e-sisa dengan betul masih rendah atas faktor-faktor tertentu. Responden juga menyokong sistem aplikasi e-sisa dalaman KUIS dibangunkan jika ia disertai dengan ciri-ciri yang memberi nilai tambah kepada prestasi kerja kakitangan dan prestasi akademik pelajar. Oleh itu, satu prototaip aplikasi mudah alih pengurusan e-sisa dalaman KUIS dibangunkan bagi usaha menggalakkan kakitangan dan pelajar KUIS melakukan pelupusan e-sisa dengan betul.
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF IN VITRO TISSUE CULTURE IN BREEDING PROGRAMS OF LEGUME AND PULSE CROPS: UTILIZATION AND PRESENT CONDITION
Authors: ABBAS A , REHMAN AU , JAVED MM
Published: April 2023

Legumes are an important family of flowering plants, comprising more than 13,000 species and 600 genera. The term "pulses" refers to dried seed crops cultivated for food, rather than oil extraction. Lentils, chickpeas, cowpeas, mung beans, black grams, and pigeon peas are examples of such pulses, as they are highly nutritious and widely consumed by humans. Also, they can fix nitrogen in the soil with the help of bacteria that live in harmony with them. This makes crop cycles less dependent on chemical fertilizers. Before new genotypes were used, the traditional ways of raising pulses took a long time and were hard to do. So, alternatives based on biotechnology can be helpful in this area. Researchers are investigating the efficacy of tissue culture, regeneration techniques, gene transfer, and transformation methods in pulse crops. The aim is to determine how these approaches can be utilized to improve the production and quality of pulse crops. Also discussed are anther, microspore, embryo, and ovary growth and their possible uses in pulses. The study concludes that in vitro tissue culture is a useful tool for breeding programs of leguminous pulses. It can help make better legume crop varieties, leading to higher yields and better quality.
Mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of Leptospirosis in human population
Authors: Eguda Felix Yakubu , Shuaiba Ali Maianguwa , Ameh Ocheme Christian , Abah Samuel Eneojo , Mohammed Sule Mustapha , Mohammed Ibrahim Sulaiman
Published: April 2023

Leptospirosis infection is a contractable disease which is caused by bacteria known as Leptospira. It can lead to serious complications and can pose serious health challenge if not treated promptly and effectively. This paper considered the formulation of a model with eight compartments for leptospirosis transmission in human population to study and analyze the dynamics of the infection. The threshold parameter known as basic reproduction number, a vital quantity for estimating the trends of the spread of the disease was derived. It was discovered from the analysis that model (1) exhibits a disease-free equilibrium point. This was further verified as being both locally and globally asymptotically unchanging whenever the effective basic reproduction number is less than one. Model (1) has an endemic equilibrium point which was as well proved to be both locally and globally asymptotically unchanging whenever the effective basic reproduction number is greater than unity. The study extends its analysis to verify backward bifurcation phenomenon of leptospirosis infection and was ascertained to exist due to loss of temporary immunity as human continue to interact with domestic animals, rodents found in stores and the use of recreational centres such as swimming pool after treatment. Finally, the work suggested the incorporation of vaccination as a control measure to prevent re-infection to human from leptospirosis disease.
The Practical Application of Theory in Accounting Research
Authors: Aldredge Melissa M.
Published: April 2023

As novice researchers or advanced graduate students embark on a research journey, they must not only understand the theory behind their research, but they must illustrate how the theory applies to the practical problems addressed in the research. Once a theory is created, it is tested through research, and subsequently modified, rejected, or accepted to interpret unknown phenomena or make observations about reality. This paper discusses the practical application of theory in research, explores a current view on a theory of interest within the accounting profession, and analyzes prior accounting literature to determine how the theory has been used within the discipline.
A COMPUTER-BASED METHODOLOGY FOR MODELING THE REMOVAL OF CADMIUM ION FROM INDUSTRIAL WASTEWATER WITH RICE HUSK ASH
Authors: ŞİRİN ERYOLDAŞ Yasemin , GEYİK Faruk , TASKIN TOK Tugba
Published: April 2023

Rice husk is a significant waste issue due to its high manufacturing rate. The removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater using the adsorption method is one of the significant usage areas of rice husks. In addition to being more cost-effective than other methods for removing heavy metals from industrial wastewater, using rice husks for this purpose would solve the storage problem of the rice husks. In this study, Gaussian® 0.9 software is utilized to describe and simulate the binding process of the Cd2+ ion to the rice husk adsorbent and to perform geometric optimizations to identify the most stable structure. These optimized structures' adsorption energies were computed utilizing the Material Studio® 6.1 software. According to the findings, rice husks can be utilized as an adsorbent in place of more expensive substances. It has been demonstrated that, when compared to experimental procedures, the suggested strategy is both quicker and less expensive.
BİR ISI BORULU NÜKLEER REAKTÖRDE ISI LİMİTASYONLARININ ANALİZİ
Authors: BAKIR Gizem
Published: April 2023

Dünyada nükleer reaktörlerde kazaların meydana gelmesinden sonra, daha güvenli ısı çekimini sağlayan sistemler kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bunlardan biri de pasif güvenlik sistemi olan ısı borulu nükleer reaktördür. Isı boruları kullanılırken en önemli konulardan biri ısı limitasyonlarının belirlenmesidir. Bu makalede 900 K’de çalışan ısı borulu reaktörde ısı limitasyonları hesaplanmıştır. Isı borusunun çalışma sıvıları olarak potasyum, sodyum ve lityum ayrı ayrı ele alınmıştır. Isı borusu limitasyonlarının hesaplamalarında en uygun korelasyonlar kullanılmıştır. Üç farklı çalışma sıvısının ısı limitasyonları birbirleriyle kıyaslanmıştır. 900 K için potasyum, sodyum, ve lityum çalışma sıvılı ısı boruları için en yüksek ısı çekimleri sırasıyla 35,110 ve 24 kW olarak bulunmuştur. Isı limitasyonları kıyaslandığında 900 K için en yüksek ısı çekilimi sodyum soğutuculu ısı borusu olarak saptanmıştır.
Nanostructured Lipid Carrier Technology to Enhance Natural Extracts Delivery: Potential of Skin Regeneration
Authors: Elkhateeb Ola , Badawy Mohamed , Ahmed Howaida , Kammar Mahmoud , Elkhenany Hoda
Published: April 2023

Natural extracts (EXTR) have been proven to effectively regenerate tissues however may need long treatment periods. Here in this study, we investigated curcumin (CURC) and Propolis (PROP) encapsulated in the form of nanostructure lipid carrier (NLC) form. The results have shown that this technology has preserved a higher flavonoid content compared to crude EXTR from both materials under investigation. Interestingly, phenolic content in PROP NLC was significantly higher than EXTR, however, CURC NLC did not show the same pattern compared to its relative EXTR. Further investigations are needed to prove the efficacy of this PROP and CURC NLC as antioxidant, antibacterial and wound healing proficiency.
Improving Capacities of Chilled- and Cryo-Preserved Buck Spermatozoa by Enriching Preservation Medium with Moringa oleifera leaves extract
Authors: Khalifa Marwa
Published: April 2023

In the present work, two experiments were conducted to investigate the efficiency of supplementing buck sperm medium with Moringa oleifera leaves extract on liquid-chilled storage and cryopreservation capacities of spermatozoa. Twenty ejaculates were collected by an artificial vagina from 5 Damascus bucks, 4 ejaculates each, during September-October. The pooled specimens of each collection session were diluted (1:10) with Tris-citric egg yolk extender, and were split into 6 equal aliquots. The first aliquot served as control (moringa-free), whereas the other five aliquots were supplemented with 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 or 0.4 mL/ml (v/v) moringa leaves extract, respectively. The samples were then stored and maintained at 4 oC for the subsequent 48 h during which sperm traits were assessed alongside malondialdehyde (MDA) production and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity. The optimum concentration of moringa leaves extract that showed potential for maintaining sperm traits throughout the chilled storage period was further investigated for preserving the lifespan of spermatozoa after exposure to the cryopreservation stress against control. The results showed that moringa leaves extract supplementation reduced (P<0.05) the oxidative stress on spermatozoa and recorded a positive correlation (P<0.01) with sperm motility (%), viability (%), normal sperm (%), acrosome integrity and GPX activity (r= 0.36, 0.42, 0.61, 0.79 and 0.35, respectively) while recording a negative correlation (P<0.01) with production of MDA (r= - 0.56). Furthermore, supplementing buck sperm medium with 0.4 mL/ml moringa leaves extract efficiently improved (P<0.05) all sperm characteristics and decreased (P<0.05) DNA fragmentation index (DFI) post thawing compared to those of control. These results imply the powerful potential of moringa leaves extract as an exogenous antioxidant supplement in buck sperm medium particularly when spermatozoa are used for AI and IVFM applications.
Surgical Studies on Disorders of Eyes, Mouth and Nose in domestic dogs: A Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Shabaan Asmaa , Nouh Samir , Kammar Mahmoud , Ahmed Howaida
Published: April 2023

This study was aimed to describe the most frequently recorded disorders in dogs in Alexandria Government and provides a prevalence baseline against which to measure progress in canine health. The surgical conditions affecting the eyes, mouth and nose and its surrounding structures are numerous. These conditions affect adversely the general health condition of the animal as it is causing disruption of the important biological processes in the body. In the present study, a total number of 422 pet animals suffering from different surgical conditions were recorded. The surgical conditions of the eye and its surrounding structures represented about 25.11% of the encountered surgical conditions along this study with maximum incidence of diseases of nictating membrane. Meanwhile, the surgical conditions of the mouth and their surrounding structures were recorded in 14.21% of the encountered surgical conditions. The surgical conditions of the nose represent 0.47 %. The results of the present study revealed that the surgical conditions affecting the eyes and its related structures were recorded in 106 cases. These conditions include eyelid laceration and trauma (17 cases), eye lid abscess (1 case), eye lid neoplasia (2 cases), entropion (10 cases), neonatal defect in eyelid opening (5 cases), eye proptosis (2 cases), eye infection (1 case) and diseases of nictating membrane (68 cases). The mouth and nose disorders include dental tartar (13 cases), periodontal diseases (3 cases), persisting deciduous teeth and polydontium (3 cases), neoplastic lesion (3 cases), foreign body in mouth (22 cases), lip wound (16 cases), and epistaxis (2 cases). Most of the surgical disorders of the mouth and related structures affected the animal health and usually associated with difficult mastication. These disorders usually required immediate surgical interferences. German Shepherd, Rottweiler and Pit bull recorded highest incidence of disorders with maximum cases in young age group up to 2 years 104 cases (24.63%) of age. Sex wise incidence was higher in male 101 cases (23.91%) dogs.
An Impossible Decision–the Life Interrupted by Uncertainty
Authors: Djulbegovic Benjamin
Published: April 2023

The play tries to describe making important–life & death–medical decisions under uncertainty. While the overarching goal is to arrive at the most optimal, rational solution, the process of decision-making inherently involves human interactions – here between the patient, her husband, the doctor- fraught with emotions and navigated within immediate familiar and larger social and medical settings in the attempt to provide best possible and compassionate help to a human being afflicted with a life-threatening disease. The play revolves around the optimal choice of treatment for metastatic pancreatic cancer that a young 45-year-old woman and her family face: from not being treated to standard treatment to enrollment in various experimental studies. By covering most scientific concepts using dialogues between the real-life protagonists, the play attempts to show–and educate the broader public–how scientific progress is inevitably made because individuals (“made of flesh and blood”) have consented to participate in medical research while searching for the best solution for them as individuals. It uses a real-life example to answer an elusive ethical “triple aim”- arriving at a decision that respects the right of a person to decide as an autonomous human being, has the best possible chances to personally benefit from the treatments under consideration while contributing to knowledge that can help others in the future. Act 1: uncertainty about the diagnosis. Act 1, Scene 2: uncertainty about treatment (doctor’s office, after biopsy). Act 2,1: uncertainty about treatment (discussion at home). Act2, 2: decision. The annotations (endnotes) provide further explanations of the theoretical and philosophical concepts that were converted into the real-life drama of a patient facing a life-threatening disease. It attempts to demonstrate the central role of uncertainty that shape these decisions calling on science to help address them. The main goal of the play is to illustrate the applicability of many theoretical concepts of the science of uncertainty to real-life decision-making to show that they do matter to all of us individually and collectively. The author hopes that by converting the scientific, philosophical, and technical writings into this play, the public would benefit more from this text than hundreds of other scientific articles he has written on the topic.).
Antioxidant status, hematology, performance, organ and carcass evaluation of heat-stressed broiler chickens fed with dietary Bambusa vulgaris leaf meal
Authors: Okeniyi Funmilayo , Adeniran Bolanle , Animashahun Razaq , Okocha Reuben , Olawoye Samuel , Alabi Olayinka , Oke Oyegunle , Shoyombo Ayoola , Babarinde Emmanuel
Published: April 2023

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of bamboo leaf meal (BLM) in broiler chicken feed to alleviate heat stress.
Materials and Methods: This investigation was conducted following institutional policies guiding the handling of animals as approved for scientific research. 150 heat-stressed Arbor Acres broiler chickens were divided randomly into five dietary treatments, T1–T5, of 30 per treatment and 10 per replicate, to determine the consequence of feeding BLM on health and performance. Birds in T1–T4 were fed 0%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2% BLM-included diets, respectively, while T5 had a 0.2% vitamin C-included diet.
Results: Increasing dietary BLM positively impacted body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion rate (FCR), and stress indices levels. Broiler chickens had better feed intake (267 gm), weight gain (1,504 gm), and FCR (3.64) in T4. Serum glutathione peroxidase and malondialdehyde levels were not statistically different with increasing dietary BLM, while corticosterone levels were lower for chickens fed with dietary BLM. The superoxide dismutase index levels did not follow a particular pattern as dietary BLM increased. The hematology, carcass, and organ quality were unaffected by dietary BLM inclusion.
Conclusion: BLM inclusions up to 2% in the broiler diet ameliorate heat stress conditions and improve performance without imposing any detrimental impact on the birds.
Guidance on Extension of Time in Construction Contracts
Authors: Singh Shubham , Thakre Chitesh , Kumar Amit
Published: April 2023

This paper provides an introduction to the concept of extension of time in construction contracts and explores the ideal way to formulate extension of time proposals. Construction projects often face unforeseen delays and disruptions, which may lead to the need for additional time to complete the project. Extension of time provisions in construction contracts provide a mechanism for the parties to adjust the contract completion date to account for these delays. Mostly, the disputes (like compensation for extended stay, LDs, price variation, escalation etc.) start after the Contractor’s proposal for EOT. This paper examines the key principles of extension of time provisions, including the types of events that may entitle the contractor to an extension of time, the procedural requirements for making a claim, and the standard of proof required to establish entitlement. The paper also discusses the factors that should be considered when formulating an extension of time proposal, including the scope of the delay, the impact on other project activities, and the potential cost implications. By following a structured and systematic approach to formulating
“Koloboks” of the “forest” Neolithic: Ceramic Handicrafts of Northeast Europe Foragers (Republic of Komi, Russian Federation)
Authors:   Institute of Language, Literature and History of the Komi Scientific Center of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Karmanov Victor
Published: April 2023

The results of a comprehensive study of a rattle from the Vis II settlement and a sculpture of a human head from the Vad I/1 dwelling are published. The artefacts were created with mental design and using complex technical solutions if we compare them with other ceramic figurines of the regional Neolithic. The research is based on data from the visual examination, the spatial analysis of the contexts of the finds, the technical-typological analysis of the ceramics, the X-ray computer tomography, the instrumental measurement of the sound volume and the method of analogies. It is established that these unique artefacts were the parts of assemblages of the 6th and 1st half of the 5th m. BC They are associated with contexts whose sacral significance is undefined now. Uncertainty is an inherent part of archaeological record study and does not allow one to conclude reliably about the function and status of the described artefacts in prehistoric culture. The rattle was made for personal use, probably a child’s toy. The miniature sculpture of a human head was part of a child’s, a ritual or a magical doll. But whatever they were for Neolithic man, today they are illustrations of the early history of our toys.
The Ceramic Rattle of the Bronze Age from the Olym`ya IV Settlement (the North of Western Siberia)
Authors:   “Center for archaeological Research” LLC, Sladkova Lubov , Koksharov Sergei ,   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

Attention is drawn to a ceramic handicraft in the form of a rattle found at the Olymya IV settlement (the North of the Western Siberia). To determine the age, the archaeological context of the find was considered, in particular, household ceramic dishes lying next to it. It is represented by vessels of the Lozva and Atlym types of the Late Bronze Age. Great importance in dating the Lozva sites have the two models of socketed axes with frontal ears and a spear with incised feathers, found at the Suzgun IIa site in a complex with Suzgun-Lozva type pottery, as well as a mold for casting asymmetric chisel from the Staryi Katysh settlement. The Atlym culture and mixed Atlym-Lozva sites are dated by 14C and ceramics of the Luchkino type (it has a syncretic Suzgun-Lozva appearance). Four ceramic rattles were found in Western Siberia. They associated with the sites of the Bronze and Early Iron ages. In the search for parallels, it turned out that this category of archaeological finds is common in the Old and New Worlds, has a wide range of existence and exceptional variability in use. Historical and ethnographic data collected by Spanish archaeologists make it possible to speak about the polyfunctionality of these items, as well as outline the prospects for research that goes into the plane of numerical symbolism.
Anthropomorpohic Figurines of the Yaz I Period
Authors:   Deutsches Archäologisches Institut, Eurasien-Abteilung, G. O. Boroffka Nikolaus , Sverchkov Leonid ,   Institute of Art History of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan
Published: April 2023

Two groups of unusual objects from contexts of the Early Iron Age Yaz-I period at the site of Maydatepa, southern Uzbekistan, are presented. The first group is interpreted as abstract anthropomorphic figurines. They are small rod-shaped clay objects (fired and unfired), with plastic noses and impressed eyes, sometimes with sparse additional ornaments. The second group is a collective find (and one separate individual object) from a closed pit context from the same site. The collective find consists of five, partly fragmentary, stele-like roughly hewn limestone objects, some of which have a marked off head. In view of the abstract clay objects, these small stelae can also be interpreted as anthropomorphic representations. The individual stone object is a stalagmite, which was brought intentionally to the site. Because of the natural grooved erosion at the top, which may represent hair, this object is included here. The entire collection contradicts the presumed lack of figurative art in the Early Iron Age Yaz-I communities, but it is also radically different from the preceding art of the Bronze Age.
Childhood Space in Antiquity: Paleodemographic, Ethnographic and Archaeological Dimensions
Authors:   Institute of Archeology of Crimea, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kisly Oleksandr
Published: April 2023

The paper is a comprehensive study of ancient childhood. The author relies on the works of ethnologists, sociologists, and paleodemographers. The latter discipline has accumulated new data that allow us to continue M. Mead’s and I. S. Kohn’s ideas about the social status of the child in primitive and traditional societies, about a different understanding of the conflict of generations than the one built by psychologists from realities of the “civilized world”. The major focus is on materials of the Bronze Age cultures from the Northern Black Sea region. The author offers a new economic and cultural definition of a toy.
Bronze Age Scandinavian Rock Carvings in the Light of the Ritual Associated with the Passage from Winter to Summer
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Panchenko Dmitri ,   St. Petersburg Branch of the National Research University Higher School of Economics
Published: April 2023

The article attempts the interpretation of one of the image types of the Scandinavian rock carvings of the Bronze Age, namely, a Φ-like anthropomorphic figure on a ship. Based on the consideration of the images themselves, as well as their comparison with the ritual aspects of traditional European, in particular Swedish, seasonal festivals, on the one hand, and with Greek materials close in time, on the other hand, one can reliably conclude that the Φ-like figures of the Scandinavian rock carvings refer to a deity that ensures the arrival of the best half of the year.
Wheel Transport in Petroglyphs of Huso Mountain in Armenia: a Reflection of Realistic and Mythological Views
Authors:   Pavlovsk Secondary School with Enhanced Coverage of Certain Subjects, Stepkin Vitaly
Published: April 2023

The paper is aimed to examine petroglyphs depicting wheel transport on stones of Huso mountain in Armenia. The research objectives are to define design features of wheel transport, to determine its cultural and chronological background, to consider the semantics of these images. Semiotic analysis of historical content and analogy was used to cope with the task. Results. The first petroglyph presents a two-wheeled horsed carriage. The wheel transport cut on two other stones is depicted as an element of compositions. The first composition includes the following signs: a two-horse carriage (biga), two anthropomorphous forms, a chaotically twisting snake (a sign of anrta — chaos), two coiled snakes (a sign of rta — cosmic order). The second composition pictures a three-horse carriage (triga), an anthropomorphous form with a tool in hands, a bezoar goat (lat. Capra hircus aegagrus). The described petroglyphs with carriages are dated by the author by the methods of historical content and analogues from 2nd millennium BC. They contain mythological subjects connected with cosmogonic views reflected in Rigveda. The petroglyphic compositions accompanied some certain cult actions directed to advance the cattle-raising cycle coinciding with the summer solstice. As Aryans understood, by the beginning of each seasonal movement of nomadic tribes in the alpine zone, the charioteer Indra, following the cosmogonic plot, defeated the daemon Vritra who had turned water streams of Mt. Huso into snow and ice. Conclusion. The wheel transport petroglyphs on Mt. Huso stones are an important source for study.
Ancient DNA of the Bearers of the Fatyanovo and Abashevo Cultures (Concerning Migrations of the Bronze Age people in the Forest Belt on the Russian Plain)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Engovatova Asya , Alborova Irina ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Mustafin Kharis ,   Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Lunkov Vladimir ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lunkova Yulia ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kanapin Alexander ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Samsonova Anastasia ,   Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, Mednikova Maria ,   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

This study addresses a fundamental question of the origins and migration patterns of paleopopulations of the Fatyanovo and the Middle Volga Abashevo archaeological cultures. It is for the first time that we report a paleogenetic analysis of 14 Abashevo individuals (Pepkino and Starshy Nikitinsky sites). Besides, we analysed ancient DNA samples of 25 Fatyanovo individuals. Specifically, we performed analyses of STR marker and haplogroups of the Y chromosome, which revealed the distinct R1a (Z93) haplogroup in Fatyanovo samples. It indicates the influence of the founder effect and gene drift, confirming the hypothesis of their migrant origin. In contrast, the Abashevo culture samples are heterogenous, as we discovered 2 groups with different origins on the paternal line. To be more specific, three men from Pepkino mound are haplogroup R1b (Z2103) carriers, while seven other individuals have haplogroup R1a (Z93>Z94). In addition, close relatives with identical STR haplotypes of the Y-chromosome were identified in both Fatyanovo and Abashevo groups. The comparative analyses of autosomal markers from 19 samples and previously published data uncovered similarities between Abashevo men from Pepkino mound (the haplogroup R1a (Z93>Z94)) with the Fatyanovo people, as well as with some representatives of the Unetice culture. These results are suggestive of the genetic continuity in the Russian Plain. Yet, less recent ancestors of Abashevo group interred in Pepkino mound could have migrated from the same region as the Fatyanovo predesessors.
A Diachronic Perspectiveon the Birth of Militarisation in the Southern Caucasus
Authors:   International Association for Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO), Cesaretti Andrea , Dan Roberto ,   University of Tuscia,   Italy International Association for Mediterranean and Oriental Studies (ISMEO)
Published: April 2023

This contribution aims at a precise investigation of the archaeological evidence relating to war and the aspects of militarisation associated with the communities that lived in the Southern Caucasus between the Early Bronze Age and the Iron Age. The picture that emerges according to our reconstruction hypothesis differs significantly from what has been proposed and accepted by a large part of the academic community, especially as regards the methods and timing of the onset of the beginning of the militarization processes. In fact, we think that the Middle Bronze Age played a much more important role in these processes than has been generally believed to date. Militarisation, from the data presented, would no longer seem to have been a sporadic and rather random process but rather a gradual and constant development that reached its peak, in the time frame examined, with the birth of the state of Urartu.
Passions for Children or an Etude on the Supreme Third
Authors:   National Museum of History of Moldova, Manzura Igor
Published: April 2023

The article considers a few burial sites with numerous chindren’s graves of the Early Eneolithic and the beginning of the Bronze Age (the fifth and fourth millennia BC) in the North-West Black Sea region (cemeteries at Giurgiulești, Koshary, Vykhvatintsy and Bursuceni). Analysis of the burial rite and distribution of grave goods allows us to discern some ternary structures which could exemplify certain principles in the organization of prehistoric societies and institutions of social power. It is suggested that young children could be treated in a ritual as sacred victims whereas burial sites themselves could partially or completely function as sacrificial places. Archaeological parallels for such triple structures can be also traced outside the region in question. The ritual ternary compounds uncovered at archaeological sites are compared with threefold structures and motives evidenced within different mythological traditions. An inference is drawn that triple social models have no universal character and can emerge and disappear depending on specific historic situations.
Excavations of a Barrow near the Village of Kayry in the Upper Reaches of the Tiligul Estuary
Authors:   Odessa Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Bruyako Igor , Govedarica Blagoje ,   German Archaeological Institute, Eurasian Department, Hansen Svend ,   German Archaeological Institute, Eurasia Department, Sekerskaya Elena ,   South Ukraine Pedagogical University named after K. D. Ushinsky
Published: April 2023

In 2020, in the area of the village of Kayry (~ 65—70 km to NE from Odessa), one barrow was excavated, in which 15 graves were discovered. The earliest burials were 4 burials of the Yamnaya culture. One of them (the central grave) was accompanied by several processed stones (stelae). Two graves belonged to the Catacomb culture of different variants, or cultures (Ingul, for sure, and Donetsk, perhaps). In one grave (plundered) there was a vessel of Berezhnovsko-Mayevsky Srubnaya culture. Two graves of the Early Iron Age are the latest ones. One of them belonged to the Scythian culture (6th—5th centuries BC), the other — to the era of Late Nomads (11th—12th centuries AD). The construction of a medieval grave destroyed the central burial of the Yamnaya culture. In turn, the medieval tomb was looted. Almost all burials of the Bronze Age were built by the using of stone slabs. In the burials of the Yamnaya and Catacomb cultures, these were massive slabs that covered the grave pit (or catacomb).
A Sabatinovka Cemetery in Barrow 3 of “Rybhoz” Group near Glinoe Village on the Left Bank of the Lower Dniester
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Lysenko Sergey , Razumov Sergey ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, Sinika Vitalij ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko, Lysenko Svetlana ,   Institute of Archaeology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Telnov Nikolaj ,   Pridnestrovian State University named after T. G. Shevchenko
Published: April 2023

The papers addresses the graves of the Sabatinovka time, discovered in barrow 3 of the “Rybkhoz” group near Glinoe village, Slobodzeya district, located in the basin of the Krasnaya river on the left bank of the Lower Dniester. In total, 13 burials of the Late Bronze Sabatinovka culture were recorded in the mound, which were sunk into the large mound of a Yamnaya (Pit Graves) cultural and historical community, 12 of them concentrating in a compact group in the southern sector of the mound. Burial 96 is of the greatest interest, accompanied by a deep bowl with an S-shaped profile, combining features of the Komarov and Berezhnovka-Maevka Timber-grave culture. All burials were dated by radiocarbon dating. The Sabatinovka cemetery in barrow Glinoe/Rybkhoz 3 can be dated within 1620—1535 BC according to the combined radiocarbon date, which is quite consistent with the supposed dating of the vessel from grave 96.
Apotropaea in the Equipment of Ancient Egyptian Infant Burials of the 1st Millennium BC from Eastern Giza: Archaeological Context, Typology, and Interpretation
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lebedev Maksim , Malykh Svetlana ,   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2023

The paper analyzes the results of the work of the Russian Archaeological Mission of the Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences at Giza in 2013, 2017, and 2019—2020. During these seasons, the team recorded a unique double infant burial in an amphora in rock-cut tomb GE 49 (the southern section of the Russian concession) and a cemetery to the west of the rock-cut tomb of Kakherptah (the north-western section of the Russian concession). The internments are dated to the first half of the 1st millennium B. C. The infant burial in an Egyptian amphora of Dynasty XXI (1070/1069—946/945 BC) has been preserved in fragments. However, part of the accompanying inventory has survived and is represented by a beaded bracelet and a scarab amulet. Of the 29 burials in the cemetery near the tomb of Kakherptah, 11 belonged to children. They are mostly well preserved, allowing us to study the features of burial rites, which included inhumation in an extended position on the back, head to the west with some shift to the south or north. The latter is probably related to burial at different months when orientation of internments followed the solar declination. Unlike the burials of adults, which remained without grave goods, the infant burials were equipped with a significant amount of jewelry and apotropaic amulets. Their shape is typical for Dynasties XXII—XXV (946/945—664 BC), which determines the dating of the cemetery near the tomb of Kakherptah. Despite the abundance of comparative material, primarily amulets, in Egyptological literature and museum collections, the discovery of these items in situ is extremely rare. The archaeological context allows us to consider the characteristics of their use in the ancient Egyptian burial rites of the Third Intermediate Period.
Transparencia en los mecanismos de licitación del área de compras: Caso Congreso de la República de Perú
Authors: Sánchez Ramírez Segundo Víctor , Torres Ortega Rocío Raquel , Olórtegui Cristóbal Yta Zunilda , Clemente Castillo Consuelo Del Pilar , Guevara Jiménez Juan Carlos , Espinoza Casco Roque Juan
Published: April 2023

Esta investigación permite explicar los procedimientos de transparencia en las licitaciones públicas en la comisión de licitaciones del Congreso de la República. La investigación tiene el enfoque cualitativo y su base de estudio es el fenómeno de la corrupción; por ello, se basa en la transparencia que debe existir en los procesos de licitaciones y compras en el Congreso de la República, a la igualdad de trato y oportunidades, a la publicidad y difusión, a la competencia efectiva y justa, a la eficacia y eficiencia, a la vigencia tecnológica. En esta investigación se ha previsto el diseño descriptivo, porque describe reseñas históricas, cualidades o atributos de la población objeto de estudio y permite recolectar información, es una investigación cualitativa donde se empleó la entrevista como técnica para recolectar la información y se realizó a través de un cuestionario de validación de expertos, cuyos criterios personalizados con pertinencia, relevancia y claridad. Esta investigación se concluye que la Ley General de Contrataciones del Estado tiene varios vacíos legales que requieren propuestas de reformas legislativas urgentes.
Effect of Calcium Nitrate and Calcium Carbonate on Plant Growth, Fruit Quality and Yield of Papaya Cv. Red Lady
Authors: Pandya Yash Hemant , Bakshi Manish , sharma Anushka
Published: April 2023

A field experiment was performed to study the effects of foliar applications of
CaCO3 and Ca(NO3)2 on growth, quality, yield, and shelf life of papaya (Carica papaya)
Cv. Red lady. Calcium (Ca) is one of the major plant nutrients which affects significantly
the formation of the cell walls and cell membranes and also enables the production of
biomass with proper plant growth and function. In the current experiment, papaya
seedlings were well established in the orchard, well-irrigated with standardized nutrient
solutions with all required inter-culture activities. Four different pre-harvest foliar
application sprays were provided with two varying sources of Ca (CaCO3 and Ca(NO3)2) at
three concentrations of each with CaCO3 (2%, 1%, 0.5%) Ca(NO3)2 (2%, 3%, 4%) at
different stages of growth like flowering stage, fruit set stage, pre-harvest stage. The study
revealed that foliar spray of above mentioned concentrations showed a profound
improvement in vegetative growth of plants in terms of their height and diameter as
compared to the plants in control treatment and also affected the fruit quality of papaya
fruit.
Genistein Effect on Estrogen Receptor especially Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Mice Model of Endometriosis: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno  , Lovin Destikatari
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Endometriosis is the endometrial tissue proliferation outside the uterine space. Anti-angiogenic agents from different groups of substances are currently being discussed as promising therapies for the treatment of endometriosis in the future, one of which is therapy using the phytoestrogen genistein. At the molecular level, genistein's effects on cells include inhibition of proliferation, induction of differentiation, apoptosis, and cell arrest in the cell cycle, which are related to the transforming growth factor. Genistein inhibits cell growth by modulating the signal-transforming growth factor pathway.
Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library and Proquest from its inception to December 2022 to collect observational and interventional studies of Genistein consumption in endometriosis mice. Two authors independently screened the literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. Safety analysis was assessed through TNF-α and IL-6 values of estrogen expression.
Results: No significant difference in the values of IL-6 and TNF-α in rats with endometriosis that were given genistein at these three doses. However, if analyzed further, the IL-6 outcome compared to the 0.78mg/day dose most affected the IL-6 value between the two groups, and the TNF-α output compared to the 0.78 mg/day dose most affected the TNF-α value between the two groups. So, a genistein dose of 0.78 mg/day can affect IL-6 and TNF-α in mice with endometriosis.
Conclusion: Genistein modulated estrogen expression of TNF-α and IL-6 at all doses, but the best dose for its effect was 0.78 mg/day.
SUBALTERNITAS DAN PERGULATAN IDENTITAS WARIA
Authors: Haidar Sofi Al Kharis  , Putri Ayu Pratna Paramita  , Riris Puspitasari
Published: April 2023

Waria are one of many different types of sexual intermediaries, including homosexuals and hermaphrodites who occupy the spectrum between pure men and pure women (Susan Stryker, 2008). From this quote, it can be understood that waria is like one who occupies a middle position between the concepts of men and women. The most obvious thing that distinguishes waria from men and women is the way they look that is not in accordance with the general sex that has been assigned to them since birth. Those who are biologically born male, in fact they (waria) look the opposite and resemble women. Waria often receive bad treatment from society such as discrimination, mental and physical violence and other actions that are contrary to morality. On May 2, 2022 waria who are members of the wagayo organization (Waria and gay organization) in Jember, East Java took action to commemorate national education day. From the attached news, the waria provide information that waria also want to get the same place as people in general in the world of education. This is enough to explain the existence of discrimination against transgender women even in the world of education which results in many transgender people being forced to drop out of school because they cannot stand ridicule from both friends and educators at their schools. This has implications for the cause of the low human resources of waria.