bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of Addition of KI on the Hydrothermal Growth of ZnO Nanostructures Towards Hybrid Optoelectronic Device Applications
Authors: Bilgaiyan Anubha , Dixit Tejendra , Kapil Gaurav , Pandey Shyam S , Hayase Shuji , Palani Iyamperumal Anand , Singh Vipul
Published: April 2016

We report the structural and optoelectronic properties of Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared by hydrothermal method. The morphological, structural and optical properties of the grown ZnO nanostructures were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope
(SEM) and photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL) respectively. Upon addition of relatively small amount of KI during the in-situ hydrothermal growth the nanorods were formed, further increasing the concentration led to increased diameter of these nanorods and finally at relatively higher
concentration of KI, ZnO nanosheets were formed. Later these structures were used to fabricate bi-layer ZnO/P3HT based hybrid photodiode. Subsequent hybrid photodiode measurement with ZnO nanorods and ZnO nanosheets indicated that the nanosheets exhibited improved photodiode response. Compared
to the ZnO nanorod/P3HT devices, the optimized photodiode with the dense ZnO nanosheets/P3HT have shown significant increase in the rectification ratio and the photosenstivity from 3.21 to 1420 and from 5.85 to 1330 respectively. The enhanced photodiode response of bi-layered devices consisting
of ZnO nanosheets indicated that optimizing the shape and size of ZnO nanostructures had a significant influence on the overall photocurrent and the observed results have been explained on the basis of reduction in the defect density with pronounced absorption in the UV region, thus leading
to improved transmission of light in the visible range through these layers.
Printable Organic Light-Emitting Devices and Application for Optical Signal Transmission
Authors: Ohmori Yutaka , Ohtomo Takahiro , Hashimoto Kazuya , Tanaka Hitoshi , Hiraoka Koichi , Iwata Shiro , Yoshino Katsumi , Cook Alex , Zakhidov Anver A , Kajii Hirotake
Published: April 2016

Organic light emitting devices, in particular, properties of polymer light-emitting transistors with printed electrodes and bilayer printed devices with in-plane emission have been investigated and discussed. The semitransparent device based on poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene-co-benzothiadiazole)
(F8BT) with Ag-nanowire source/drain and transparent carbon nanotube gate electrodes exhibits ambipolar and light-emitting characteristics. For the devices with oriented poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene) (F8) films, enhanced electron and hole field-effect mobilities have been achieved by aligning
the polymer chains parallel to the transport direction. The bilayer device using F8BT lower layer and oriented F8 upper layer with the channel direction parallel to the polymer orientation exhibits improved EL intensity and higher external quantum efficiency than that with the channel direction
perpendicular to the polymer chains orientation. The optical pulses of more than 100 Hz frequency are generated by directly modulating a bilayer device with an in-plane emission pattern.
PbBr-Based Layered Perovskite Organic–Inorganic Superlattice Having Carbazole Chromophore; Hole-Mobility and Quantum Mechanical Calculation
Authors: Era Masanao , Yasuda Takeshi , Mori Kento , Tomotsu Norio , Kawano Naoki , Koshimizu Masanori , Asai Keisuke
Published: April 2016

We have successfully evaluated hole mobility in a spin-coated film of a lead-bromide based layered perovskite having carbazole chromophore-linked ammonium molecules as organic layer by using FET measurement. The values of hole mobility, threshold voltage and on/off ratio at room temperature
were evaluated to be 1.7×10−6 cm2 V−1 s−1, 27 V and 28 V, respectively. However, the spin-coated films on Si substrates were not so uniform compared with those on fused quartz substrates. To improve the film uniformity, we
examined the relationship between substrate temperature during spin-coating and film morphology in the layered perovskite spin-coated films. The mean roughness of the spin-coated films on Si substrates was dependent on the substrate temperature. At 353 K, the mean roughness was minimized and
the carrier mobility was enhanced by one order of magnitude; the values of hole mobility and threshold voltage were estimated to be 3.4×10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 22 V at room temperature in a preliminary FET evaluation, respectively.
In addition, we determined a crystal structure of the layered perovskite by X-ray diffraction analysis. To gain a better understanding of the observed hole transports, we conducted quantum mechanical calculations using the obtained crystal structure information. The calculated band structure
of the layered organic perovskite showed that the valence band is composed of the organic carbazole layer, which confirms that the measured hole mobility is mainly derived from the organic part of the layered perovskite. Band and hopping transport mechanisms were discussed by calculating the
effective masses and transfer integrals for the 2D periodic system of the organic layer in isolation.
Investigating the Influence of Alkyl Chain Length in Poly(3-alkylthiophene)s Over the Thin Film Morphology by Optical and Electrical Characterization
Authors: Bhargava Kshitij , Bilgaiyan Anubha , Raj Mohan S , Itoop M. O , Joshi Mukesh P , Kukreja L. M , Singh Vipul
Published: April 2016

This paper studies the influence of alkyl-chain length in poly(3-alkylthiophene)s over the morphology of thin films and electrical parameters of the devices based on it. Regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) and poly(3-octylthiophene) were chosen as the semiconducting materials for the
study. The morphological variations were studied by absorption spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction study. The absorption and photoluminescence showed decreased coplanarity of main chain in poly(3-octylthiophene) over poly(3-hexylthiophene) and which was later
confirmed using X-ray diffraction studies which clearly showed increased interchain spacing in case of poly(3-octylthiophene). The schottky diodes fabricated using these materials showed decreased mobility in poly(3-octylthiophene) based diodes as measured by space-charge limiting current
method and photo-induced charge carrier extraction by linearly increasing voltage technique. Moreover, we observed a negative field dependence of mobility at room temperature in both the devices and attributed this to the presence of dominant positional disorder in poly(3-alkylthiophene)s.
Furthermore, the photocurrent dependence on electric field too showed inferior mobility of poly(3-octylthiophene) based diodes.
Improved Mobility and Bias Stability of Thin Film Transistors Using the Double-Layer a-InGaZnO/a-InGaZnO:N Channel
Authors: Yu H , Zhang L , Li X. H , Xu H. Y , Liu Y. C
Published: April 2016

The amorphous indium-gallium-zinc oxide (a-IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) were demonstrated based on a double-layer channel structure, where the channel is composed of an ultrathin nitrogenated a-IGZO (a-IGZO:N) layer and an undoped a-IGZO layer. The double-layer channel device
showed higher saturation mobility and lower threshold-voltage shift (5.74 cm2/Vs, 2.6 V) compared to its single-layer counterpart (0.17 cm2/Vs, 7.23 V). The improvement can be attributed to three aspects: (1) improved carrier transport properties of the channel by the
a-IGZO:N layer with high carrier mobility and the a-IGZO layer with high carrier concentration, (2) reduced interfacial trap density between the active channel and the gate insulator, and (3) higher surface flatness of the double-layer channel. Our study reveals key insights into double-layer
channel, involving selecting more suitable electrical property for back-channel layer and more suitable interface modification for active layer. Meanwhile, room temperature fabrication amorphous TFTs offer certain advantages on better flexibility and higher uniformity over a large area.
Preparation of Graphene Oxide and Its Mechanism in Promoting Tomato Roots Growth
Authors: Jiao Jingzhi , Cheng Fan , Zhang Xuekun , Xie Lingli , Li Zhiyang , Yuan Chengfei , Xu Benbo , Zhang Liming
Published: April 2016

Graphene oxide is a new kind of nanomaterial. The graphene oxide was prepared and its quality detected by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), for better understanding of effects of the nanomaterial on plants. Wild type (WT) tomato (Solanum lycopersicum)
germplasm ‘New Yorker’ and corresponding transgenic plants (Prd29A::LeNCED1) were treated with prepared graphene oxide. 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is a key gene for ABA biosynthesis and overexpression of the NCED resulted in ABA accumulation and
higher drought tolerance. Seminal root length in the WT tomato was longer than that in the control samples when the seedlings were treated with 20 mg/L graphene oxide for 15 days. In contrast, the same treatment resulted in shorter seminal root length in the transgenic plants compared with
control samples. The graphene oxide treatments led to lower Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Peroxidase (POD), Catalase (CAT) activity and Malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the WT and transgenic plants. 20 mg/L graphene oxide treatment also affected the transcript levels of IAA7, IAA4
and IAA10 but the effect on the wild type and corresponding transgenic plants was different. IAA4 transcription level decreased both in the WT and Prd29A::LeNCED1 transgenic plants while the IAA7 transcription level decreased in the transgenic plants and increased in the
WT tomato. The IAA10 transcription level decreased in the WT tomato and increased in the Prd29A::LeNCED1 transgenic plants. Graphene oxide treatments resulted in higher transcription level of ABCG25 and ABCG40 in the WT plants but had no significant effect on transgenic
plants. The transcription level of NCED in the WT and Prd29A::LeNCED1 transgenic plants treated with graphene oxide increased significantly, however, it was higher in the transgenic plants than in the WT tomato after 15 d treatment, indicating that the graphene oxide activated the rd29A
promoter as does drought and salt. The HD-ZIP transcription level only decreased significantly in the treated Prd29A::LeNCED1 transgenic plants. All these results suggested that there was a crosstalk between ABA and graphene oxide and the graphene oxide affected plant growth through
the ABA and IAA pathway.
Towards Acid-Tolerated Ethanol Dehydration: Chitosan-Based Mixed Matrix Membranes Containing Cyano-Bridged Coordination Polymer Nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Kevin C.-W , Kang Chao-Hsiang , Lin Yi-Feng , Tung Kuo-Lun , Deng Yu-Heng , Ahamad Tansir , Alshehri Saad M , Suzuki Norihiro , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: April 2016

Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles, one of many cyano-bridged coordination polymers, are successfully incorporated into chitosan (CS) polymer to prepare PB/CS mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The PB nanoparticles are uniformly distributed in the MMMs without the collapse of the original
PB structure. As-prepared PB/CS MMMs are used for ethanol dehydration at 25 °C in the pervaporation process. The effect of loading PB in CS matrix on pervaporation performance is carefully investigated. The PB/CS membrane with 30 wt% PB loading shows the best performance with a permeate
flux of 614 g·m−2 ·h−1 and a separation factor of 1472. The pervaporation using our PB/CS membranes exhibits outstanding performance in comparison with the previously reported CS-based membranes and MMMs. Furthermore, the addition of PB allows
PB/CS MMMs to be tolerant of acidic environment. The present work demonstrates good pervaporation performance of PB/CS MMMs for the separation of an ethanol/water (90:10 in wt%) solution. Our new system provides an opportunity for dehydration of bioethanol in the future.
Network Effects in Mexico–U.S. Migration
Authors: Garip Filiz , Asad Asad L.
Published: April 2016

Scholars have long noted how migration streams, once initiated, obtain a self-feeding character. Studies have connected this phenomenon, called the cumulative causation of migration, to expanding social networks that link migrants in destination to individuals in origin. While extant research has established a positive association between individuals’ ties to prior migrants and their migration propensities, seldom have researchers interrogated how multiple social mechanisms—as well as exposure to common environmental factors—might account for these interdependencies. This article uses a mixed-methods strategy to identify the social mechanisms underlying the network effects in Mexico–U.S. migration. Three types of social mechanisms are identified, which all lead to network effects: (a) social facilitation, which is at work when network peers such as family or community members provide useful information or help that reduces the costs or increases the benefits of migration; (b) normative influence, which operates when network peers offer social rewards or impose sanctions to encourage or discourage migration; and (c) network externalities, which are at work when prior migrants generate a pool of common resources that increase the value or reduce the costs of migration for potential migrants. The authors first use large-sample survey data from the Mexican Migration Project to establish the presence of network effects and then rely on 138 in-depth interviews with migrants and their family members in Mexico to identify the social mechanisms underlying these network effects. The authors thus provide a deeper understanding of migration as a social process, which they argue is crucial for anticipating and responding to future flows.
Biochemical and Bioimaging Evidence of Cholesterol in Acquired Cholesteatoma
Authors: Thorsted Bjarne , Bloksgaard Maria , Groza Alexandra , Schousboe Lars Peter , Færgeman Nils J. , Sørensen Jens A. , Svane-Knudsen Viggo , Brewer Jonathan R.
Published: April 2016

Objectives:

To quantify the barrier sterols and image the lipid structures in the matrix of acquired cholesteatoma and compare the distribution with that found in stratum corneum from normal skin, with the goal to resolve their potential influence on cholesteatoma growth.

Methods:

High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was used to achieve a quantitative biochemical determination of the sterols. The intercellular lipids were visualized by Coherent Anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) microscopy, which enables label-free imaging of the lipids in intact tissue samples.

Results:

The results show that the total lipid content of the cholesteatoma matrix is similar to that of stratum corneum from skin and that the cholesteatoma matrix unquestionably contains cholesterol. The cholesterol content in the cholesteatoma matrix is increased by over 30% (w/w dry weight) compared to the control. The cholesterol sulfate content is below 1% of the total lipids in both the cholesteatoma and the control. Cholesterol ester was reduced by over 30% when compared to the control.

Conclusions:

The content of cholesterol in the cholesteatoma matrix is significantly different from that in stratum corneum from skin, and we confirm that the main structure of the cholesteatoma resembles very thick stratum corneum.
Sorry to (Not) Burst Your Bubble: The Influence of Reputation Rankings on Perceptions of Firms
Authors: Barnett Michael L. , Leih Sohvi
Published: April 2016

We measure the influence of reputation rankings on individuals’ perceptions of firms. Through experimental design, we vary whether and how participants are exposed to a reputation ranking alongside other information about a firm. We find that rankings influence perceptions when they are negative and congruent with other information about the firm. These findings help explain how a firm’s reputation can change even if its characteristics remain constant and why change in a firm’s characteristics can be slow to produce change in its reputation.
Normative power and the logic of arguing: Rationalization of weakness or relinquishment of strength?
Authors: Janusch Holger
Published: April 2016

The concept of Europe as a normative power can be understood as a theoretical attempt to define a new type of protagonist in world politics, distinct from older concepts such as empire, hegemonic power, or great power. Because many scholars have used universal norms as a criterion for ‘normative power Europe’, the concept is often criticized as hidden Eurocentrism, soft imperialism, or hegemony. In this article, a normative power is defined not by the universality of the norms it seeks to diffuse, but by the underlying logic according to which it acts. A normative power takes communicative actions and acts in accordance with the logic of arguing, not consequentialism. This definition of normative power escapes the trap of a hidden Eurocentric imperialism by abstracting the theoretical concept from the specific case of Europe and detaching it from the criterion of universal norms.
The programming of decisions for disaster and emergency response: A Luhmannian approach
Authors: Grothe-Hammer Michael , Berthod Olivier
Published: April 2016

Organizations managing disasters face a paradox. They need to build stable, reliable structures that are flexible enough to allow adaptation to such unexpected events. Much planning for concrete disaster response operations involves scenarios. From a Luhmannian perspective, this approach is characteristic of a form of ‘if-then’ conditional programming. Extant research on emergencies and disaster management, however, has remained silent about other than scenario-based planning. This article draws on sociological decision theory to highlight alternative forms of planning for disasters. It presents the possibilities to build stable structures for disaster management by making use of conditional programmes that rely on space instead of scenarios, and by making use of what Luhmann calls ‘programme nesting’. It illustrates this argument with a case study of emergency management in a large German city at the origin of this new planning method.
Clinically useful predictors for premature mortality among psychiatric patients visiting a psychiatric emergency room
Authors: Aagaard Jørgen , Buus Niels , Wernlund Andreas Glahn , Foldager Leslie , Merinder Lars
Published: April 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to examine changes in the distribution of causes of death and mortality rates among psychiatric patients visiting a psychiatric emergency room (PER), to determine clinically useful predictors for avoiding premature mortality among these patients and to discuss possible interventions.

Method:

The study was designed as a historical prospective record linkage study of patients with at least one visit to a Danish PER in 1995–2007. Five consecutive 3-year cohorts of individuals aged 20 to <80 years were identified. Data from the Danish Civil Registration System were linked to the Cause of Death Register and the Central Psychiatric Research Register, and logistic predictor analyses for premature death were performed.

Results:

The standardised mortality ratio (SMR) of all visitors compared to the general Danish population was approximately 5. Overall, patients with drug and/or alcohol use disorder experienced at least a twofold increase in SMR compared to patients without substance use disorder. In the case of patients with schizophrenia and a concurrent substance use disorder, the SMR increased considerably. During the period, substance use disorder was the strongest predictor of premature death among visitors to a PER (odds ratio (OR) = 1.8; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.5, 2.2).

Conclusion:

Persons visiting the PER had an increased SMR and substance use disorders were the strongest predictor of premature death within 3 years. However, death caused by substance use disorder is preventable, and PERs are ideal points of early intervention. Systematic screening for substance use disorder at the PER and/or crisis intervention teams may be effective intervention strategies.
The new European Union economic governance: what about accountability?
Authors: Naert Frank
Published: April 2016

The euro crisis marked the start of the so-called ‘new European Union economic governance’. This new economic governance brings along different kinds of changes in the status of decision-making actors. Some of these changes involve power shifts, which can be categorised as either vertical or horizontal. Vertical power shifts transfer powers between different levels of government, usually from the national level to the European Union level. Horizontal power shifts transfer powers away from discretionary decision-making by governments to independent institutions. The new economic governance also implies a restriction in the discretionary decision-making power of governments by the imposition of policy rules. In this article, the accountability problems involved with these power shifts are analysed. It finds that, overall, the implementation process of the new economic governance has harmed accountability.

Points for practitioners

The key implication of this article is that the new governance arrangements made by the European Union to tackle the euro crisis are lacking in accountability and legitimacy. The moves towards more rules replacing policy discretion and towards entrusting policies to independent agencies rather than politically accountable governments are to the detriment of political accountability. Policy efficiency comes at a high price in terms of political acceptance as trust in the European Union is negatively influenced by the new governance system. Practitioners should keep this in mind when designing governance systems.
Transparency is in the eye of the beholder: the effects of identity and negative perceptions on ratings of transparency via surveys
Authors: Park Heungsik , Blenkinsopp John
Published: April 2016

Surveys are a commonly used means of measuring transparency levels, but they are potentially vulnerable to perceptual biases. This study sought to examine perceptual differences by the respondents’ identities as general citizens or public employees, and the possible negative perceptions that one group may have of the other concerning responses to a survey-based measure of transparency. The survey was designed on the basis of existing literature, suggesting that transparency has up to six facets. Two samples were taken: from citizens who visited district offices to file civil applications during the survey period; and from public employees involved in processing these applications. A total of 472 surveys were used for analysis: 233 citizens and 239 public employees. The results indicated that the two groups had different understandings of transparency. Data from public employees produced a three-factor solution, which was labeled as Efficiency, Reliability, and Access. For citizens, a two-factor solution was a better fit, with the factors being described as Accessibility (a wider notion than Access) and Utility. The findings suggest that public employees adopt a somewhat technical view of transparency, whereas citizens have more practical concerns about it. Only citizens’ unfavorable perception of public employees had a negative influence on the level of transparency. This study contributes to the understanding of how public employees and citizens have qualitatively different perceptions of transparency.

Points for practitioners

To assess progress in governmental transparency, we must measure it, and surveys offer an accessible and potentially cost-effective approach. However, the survey responses of citizens and public employees show that they understand transparency in qualitatively different ways, with citizens’ perceptions of transparency also influenced by their perceptions of public employees. If governments are to increase public trust in policymaking and administration, they must focus on improving transparency as it is understood by the public rather than how it is understood by public servants.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of A357/SiC nanocomposites fabricated by ultrasonic cavitation-based dispersion of ball-milled nanoparticles
Authors: Kandemir Sinan
Published: April 2016

In this work, A357/0.5 wt.% SiC nanocomposites were fabricated with a combination of ultrasonic processing and a nanoparticle feeding mechanism that involves the introduction of a closed end aluminium tube filled with the ball-milled SiC nanoparticles (20–30 nm) and aluminium powders (<75 µm) into the melt for complete deagglomeration and uniform dispersion of nanoparticles through the matrix. The microstructural and mechanical properties of the fabricated nanocomposites were investigated. The microstructural studies conducted with optical and advanced electron microscopes indicate that relatively effective deagglomeration and uniform dispersion of SiC nanoparticles into the molten alloy were achieved. The hardness and tensile properties of the nanocomposites were notably improved compared to those of the ultrasonically processed A357 alloy without reinforcement, showing the strengthening potency of nanoparticles and the good bonding obtained at the particle-reinforcement interface.
High pH–Sensitive TRPA1 Activation in Odontoblasts Regulates Mineralization
Authors: Kimura M. , Sase T. , Higashikawa A. , Sato M. , Sato T. , Tazaki M. , Shibukawa Y.
Published: April 2016

Calcium hydroxide and mineral trioxide aggregate are widely used for indirect and direct pulp capping and root canal filling. Their dissociation into Ca2+ and OH- in dental pulp creates an alkaline environment, which activates reparative/reactionary dentinogenesis. However, the mechanisms by which odontoblasts detect the pH of the extracellular environment remain unclear. We examined the alkali-sensitive intracellular Ca2+ signaling pathway in rat odontoblasts. In the presence or absence of extracellular Ca2+, application of alkaline solution increased intracellular Ca2+ concentration, or [Ca2+]i. Alkaline solution–induced [Ca2+]i increases depended on extracellular pH (8.5 to 10.5) in both the absence and the presence of extracellular Ca2+. The amplitude was smaller in the absence than in the presence of extracellular Ca2+. Each increase in [Ca2+]i, activated by pH 7.5, 8.5, or 9.5, depended on extracellular Ca2+ concentration; the equilibrium binding constant for extracellular Ca2+ concentration decreased as extracellular pH increased (1.04 mM at pH 7.5 to 0.11 mM at pH 9.5). Repeated applications of alkaline solution did not have a desensitizing effect on alkali-induced [Ca2+]i increases and inward currents. In the presence of extracellular Ca2+, alkaline solution–induced [Ca2+]i increases were suppressed by application of an antagonist of transient receptor potential ankyrin subfamily member 1 (TRPA1) channels. Ca2+ exclusion efficiency during alkaline solution–induced [Ca2+]i increases was reduced by a Na+-Ca2+ exchanger antagonist. Alizarin red and von Kossa staining revealed increased mineralization levels under repeated high pH stimulation, whereas the TRPA1 antagonist strongly reduced this effect. These findings indicate that alkaline stimuli—such as the alkaline environment inside dental pulp treated with calcium hydroxide or mineral trioxide aggregate—activate Ca2+ mobilization via Ca2+ influx mediated by TRPA1 channels and intracellular Ca2+ release in odontoblasts. High pH–sensing mechanisms in odontoblasts are important for activating dentinogenesis induced by an alkaline environment.
Documenting the Experiences of Special Education Advocates
Authors: Burke Meghan M. , Goldman Samantha E.
Published: April 2016

Many parents struggle to advocate for their children with disabilities to obtain services at school. Subsequently, parents may turn to special education advocates to help ensure that their children receive appropriate services. However, it is unclear how special education advocates support families and secure services for children with disabilities. Before determining whether special education advocacy is effective, the advocacy process used by special education advocates needs to be understood. In this study, 33 special education advocates participated in individual interviews about advocacy. Participants reported that they used an advocacy process with five main stages: developing rapport with the parent, establishing clear expectations, learning about the child and the family, educating and empowering the parent, and participating in Individualized Education Program (IEP) meetings. Details about the advocacy process are provided, and implications for future research, policy, and practice are discussed.
Wearable Writing
Authors: Tham Jason Chew Kit
Published: April 2016

As technology continues to become more ubiquitous and touches almost every aspect of the composing process, students and teachers are faced with new means to make writing a multimodal experience. This article embraces the emerging sector of wearable technology, presenting wearable writing strategies that would reimagine composition pedagogy. Specifically, the article introduces Google Glass and explores its affordances in reframing student peer-review activities. To do so, the author presents a brief overview of wearables and writing technology, a case study of how the author deployed Google Glass in a first-year writing course, and a set of tips for using wearable technology in general and technical writing courses.
Designing a Tourism Spillover Index Based on Multidestination Travel
Authors: Yang Yang , Fik Timothy J. , Zhang Hong-lei
Published: April 2016

The proliferation of multidestination trips provides valuable opportunities for regions to benefit from spillover effects generated by other regions nearby. To better understand the spatial patterns of multidestination travel, we propose a two-stage distance-based model. Results suggest that long-haul tourists (i.e., those who travel far from home) tend to choose a subsequent destination that is closer to the previous destination but farther away from their residences. In addition to sociodemographic and tripographic factors, we recognize the importance of spatial structure effects in determining the travel distance for a multidestination trip. Based on the model estimates, we propose a tourism spillover index to reflect a region’s potential to receive spillover benefits from multidestination tourists leaving a particular region. Finally, we discuss implications for marketing strategies to enhance the attraction potential of specific destinations.
Delivering the Past
Authors: Alexander Matthew , Bryce Derek , Murdy Samantha
Published: April 2016

Heritage tourism is increasingly viewed as both an individual and experiential phenomenon as well as being related to specific attributes of a destination. Ancestral tourism fits the former perspective and centers on tourists traveling to sites which they perceive to be a “homeland” where, during the visit, they attempt to discover more about their own heritage. This study explores ancestral tourism from a provider perspective focusing on the delivery of tourist experiences and relationships between tourists and the place visited. The research is based on a qualitative study of tourist and nontourist specific providers across Scotland with data collected using in-depth interviews. This study reveals a phenomenon that delivers deeply personal experiences to visitors and where encounters involve intense, often lengthy, interactions between visitors and providers. Ancestral tourism experiences are also often centered on tourism provision within local communities, which can present challenges to both provider and tourist alike.
Impact of Trust on Local Residents’ Mega-Event Perceptions and Their Support
Authors: Gursoy Dogan , Yolal Medet , Ribeiro Manuel Alector , Panosso Netto Alexandre
Published: April 2016

This study examines the influence of residents’ trust in government and organizing committee on their impact perceptions and support for a mega-event, namely, 2014 FIFA World Cup. Findings suggest significant relationships between impact perceptions and support. While trust in government is found to be a significant determinant of impact perceptions, findings indicate no significant relationship between trust in government and support, which suggest that the relationship is mediated by impact perceptions. While a positive relationship between trust in the organizing committee and positive impact perceptions is found, findings suggest no significant relationship between trust in the organizing committee and negative impact perceptions. Trust in the organizing committee is also found to have significant positive impact on support.
Framing the Danger of Designer Drugs
Authors: Swalve Natashia , DeFoster Ruth
Published: April 2016

Media reporting of drug issues has important ramifications for public opinion of drugs and drug trends. This study was conducted to examine the media coverage of a specific new subcategory of drugs, so-called “designer drugs,” using coverage of a highly publicized attack in Miami as a case study. Broadcast news transcripts were analyzed to both identify themes in coverage of this attack and contextualize this reporting in the clinical literature on bath salts, the drug implicated in the attack. Textual analysis of broadcast coverage produced four major emergent themes: (1) vivid and sensational descriptions of the attack and of the effects of the drug, (2) discussion of bath salts use as an “epidemic,” (3) appeals to tighten legislation related to bath salts, and (4) silence on issues related to mental health. In addition, media reporting of this attack did not take into account potentially salient sources of information such as clinical research on rates of use and commonly reported behavioral effects of the drug to place bath salts use in context of this literature. Together, these findings suggest that media coverage of the Miami Zombie Attack framed a novel drug in incomplete and problematic terms. These framing choices dramatically underrepresented the role of mental health in the attack and led to inadequately informed health legislation.
Everyday life and locative play: an exploration of Foursquare and playful engagements with space and place
Authors: Saker Michael , Evans Leighton
Published: April 2016

Foursquare is a location-based social network (LBSN) that combines gaming elements with features conventionally associated with social networking sites (SNSs). Following two qualitative studies, this article sets out to explore what impact this overlaying of physical environments with play has on everyday life and experiences of space and place. Drawing on early understandings of play, alongside the flâneur and ‘phoneur’ as respective methods for conceptualizing play in the context of mobility and urbanity, this article examines whether the suggested division between play and ordinary life is challenged by Foursquare, and if so, how this reframing of play is experienced. Second, this article investigates what effect this LBSN has on mobility choices and spatial relationships. Finally, the novel concept of the ‘phoneur’ is posited as a way of understanding how pervasive play through LBSNs acts as a mediating influence on the experience of space and place.
A search index-enhanced feature model for news recommendation
Authors: Chen Kun , Ji Xiaowen , Wang Huaiqing
Published: April 2016

General news recommendations are important but have received limited attention because of the difficulties of measuring public interest. In public search engines, the objects of search terms reflect the issues that interest or concern search engine users. Because of the popularity of search engines, search indexes have become a new measure for describing public interest trends. With the help of a public search index provided by search engines, we construct a news topic search feature and a news object search feature. These features measure the public attention on key elements of the news. In the experiment, we compare various feature models with machine learning algorithms with respect to financial news recommendations. The results demonstrate that the topic search features perform best compared with other feature models. This research contributes to both the feature generation and news recommendation domains.
Anger and Organization Studies: From Social Disorder to Moral Order
Authors: Lindebaum Dirk , Gabriel Yiannis
Published: April 2016

In this essay, we oppose current conceptualizations of anger as, at least, a temporary individual psychological disorder and as the cause of a social disorder. We develop the view that anger can be a profoundly moral emotion aimed at maintaining moral order and restoring social order when this has been ruptured. Moral anger is distinguished from other types of anger, like the ones arising from routine frustration, break-downs of communication and ego violations. Through a close reading of the jury drama Twelve Angry Men, we demonstrate that moral anger has an information dimension, signaling a rupture of a moral code, as well as an energic dimension, as a source of energy aimed at putting right a wrong. We conclude that a world without anger would be, possibly, a compliant and quiescent world but not a just world.
Young Adult Graduates Living in the Parental Home: Expectations, Negotiations, and Parental Financial Support
Authors: West Anne , Lewis Jane , Roberts Jonathan , Noden Philip
Published: April 2016

In the United Kingdom and the United States, significant numbers of university graduates live with their parents, but little is known about expectations regarding parental support. This article focuses on a sample of British middle-class families and their coresident young adult children. It explores the extent to which parents and their graduate children have consistent expectations regarding coresidence and financial support and how such support is negotiated. Fifty-four in-depth interviews with parents and adult children were conducted. The findings reveal that expectations regarding coresidence were broadly consistent across parents and graduate children. Furthermore, within families, there was broad consistency regarding expectations of financial support, although there was variation between families. The nature and ways in which financial arrangements were negotiated varied between families, between parents, and between children. Expectations appear to be shaped by the child’s circumstances and norms, with negotiations of different types enabling a way forward to be agreed.
Designing Incentives to Change Behaviors
Authors: McComb Sara , Jones Carmen , Smith Alison , Collins William , Pope Brandon
Published: April 2016

College is a time when young adults establish lifestyle habits. This research examines how personalization and limited resources might be balanced most effectively when designing incentives to shift college students’ intentions toward positive dietary changes. A randomized 2 × 2 experiment (Coaching/Coupons × Fruits and Vegetables/Low Fat) was conducted, where respondents were exposed to virtual interventions and asked pre- and post-intervention about their intent to eat healthy. Results suggest that interventions may incentivize students, but are dependent on student characteristics. On-campus students and students with more knowledge about healthy diets were more likely to increase their intent when offered coaching; students living off campus and those with less knowledge resonated with coupons. On- and off-campus students differed in their positive responses to eating fruits and vegetables versus low fat foods, respectively. Younger students may be more susceptible to interventions. Findings may be useful in designing meaningful incentives for college students.
Repair of aortic coarctation in infancy: A 10-year clinical experience
Authors: Bigdelian Hamid , Sedighi Mohsen
Published: April 2016

Background

Coarctation of the aorta is a congenital narrowing of the upper descending aorta. The approximate incidence is 4% in live-born children with congenital heart disease. This study aimed to describe the surgical outcome and survival of patients undergoing congenital aortic coarctation repair via subclavian flap aortoplasty (group 1) or resection with end-to-end anastomosis (group 2).

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical outcomes of 105 infants who underwent repair of aortic coarctation between 2000 and December 2012. Fifty patients (group 1) underwent subclavian flap aortoplasty and 55 (group 2) underwent resection with end-to-end anastomosis. Procedure details and early results were collected by retrospective review of hospital and clinic data.

Results

The mean age of patients in group 1 was 6.73 ± 1.1 vs. 6.76 ± 1.2 months in group 2, and the mean weight was 6.01 ± 1.3 vs. 5.9 ± 1.0 kg, respectively. There were no significant differences among the intra- and postoperative variables in the 2 groups. Six patients in group 1 had a peak systolic gradient >20 mm Hg. The recurrence rate in group 1 was 12% vs. 1.8% in group 2 ( p < 0.05). Overall mortality was 2.8%. Survival in group 1 was 96% vs. 98.2% in group 2.

Conclusion

Repair of aortic coarctation in infancy by resection with end-to-end anastomosis can be performed with a low mortality rate and a low incidence of recoarctation, and it provides the optimal prognosis for coarctation in infancy.
Knowledge-intensive services and local development: An empirical analysis of networks, channels and customization processes
Authors: Pino Giovanni , Capestro Mauro , Guido Gianluigi , Tomacelli Carla , Abate Marco
Published: April 2016

The present study embraces a theoretical framework developed in the field of business management—so-called 3C—to investigate the factors that hamper the capacity of Knowledge Intensive Business Services (KIBS) firms to create economic value for the locality. It addresses, in particular, the factors that: i) prevent KIBS firms from establishing collaborative relationships with potential partners; ii) negatively affect the relationships between the examined KIBS firms and their suppliers as well as distributors; iii) limit KIBS firms’ capacity to meet users’ needs. A qualitative inquiry conducted on a random sample of one hundred KIBS firms located in a Southern Italian province yielded a comprehensive view of the relational, organizational, and technological factors that limit the value creating capacity of the studied firms. The study discusses the implications that the obtained results may have on the process of development of the studied area and proposes suggestions for local policy-makers and practitioners in the KIBS sector.
Motivations and mitigating business limitations in Scottish rural home-based businesses
Authors: Kapasi Isla , Galloway Laura
Published: April 2016

This paper details a qualitative exploratory study of rural home-based businesses. Little is known about the formation or operation of home-based businesses in rural areas despite their high incidence rate. In-depth cases are presented and, by employing a methodology designed to elicit rich narratives, the stories of eight participants are told. Emergent themes include the motivations for and the realities of operating a rural home-based business, the importance of contextual factors, and the use of technology.
Dimensional Publicness and Serving the Vulnerable: Analyses of Specialized Substance Abuse Treatment Programs
Authors: Su Xuhong
Published: April 2016

The proliferation of market-based public service delivery raises concerns whether the vulnerable are dully served and what mechanisms facilitate to serve them well. Focused on the availability of specialized substance abuse treatment programs for co-occurring, HIV, criminal and pregnant patients, this study adopts the dimensional publicness theory to examine how different dimensions of political authorities facilitate the provision of specialized programs for vulnerable groups. The multilevel analyses indicate that public funding and accreditation are two major dimensions promoting specialized programs. Environmental publicness exercises significant impact, contingent upon statewide policies and facility ownership. Differential effects are found both within and across dimensions, calling for a contingent approach to better understand both the theory and its implications.
A side-hole catheter for catheterization of a difficult internal mammary artery
Authors: Oh Jung Suk , Choi Byung Gil , Chun Ho Jong , Lee Hae Giu
Published: April 2016

Background

The internal mammary artery (IMA) can be a source of hemoptysis in patients with chronic lung disease. Intervention via the IMA can be a challenge due to anatomic variations and lead to excessive contrast use and radiation exposure.

Purpose

To evaluate safety and efficiency of a new side-hole catheter for the catheterization of the IMA in patients with hemoptysis.

Material and Methods

From January 2011 to August 2014, a total of 96 transarterial embolization procedures required exact evaluation of the IMA due to chronic lung disease involving the anterior thorax. In 17 cases (18%) of these 96 procedures, the conventional selective IMA angiography failed and instead a novel side-hole catheter as a modification of a cobra-type curved catheter was used. The side hole allowed passage of a micro-wire and catheter.

Results

Failed catheterizations were due to severe vascular tortuosity, acutely angulated subclavian artery, or abnormal takeoff of the IMA. The Cobra shaped catheter with the microcatheter through the side-hole catheter yielded a technical success rate of 100%. Longer time was required to catheterize the IMA with the Cobra shaped catheter than with the side-hole catheter (17 vs. 2 min, P < 0.05). There were no procedure-related complications.

Conclusion

Side-hole catheter technique is useful in patients whose internal mammary artery is difficult to access. Further design revisions are needed to improve the ease and speed of IMA catheterization and angiography.
Chronic Glaucoma in Dogs
Authors: Bauer B. S. , Sandmeyer L. S. , Philibert H. , Feng C. X. , Grahn B. H.
Published: April 2016

Pectinate ligament dysplasia (PLD) is a common cause of canine glaucoma and the definitive clinical diagnosis is based on gonioscopy. Although the histologic lesions of PLD have been described, it has not been determined whether these changes are specific for PLD or if similar histologic changes can develop as a consequence of secondary glaucoma. The filtration angles of 61 enucleated canine globes with chronic glaucoma were evaluated with light microscopy by 3 examiners who were masked to the clinical history, signalment, and gonioscopic results. A histologic diagnosis of PLD versus non-PLD was determined by each examiner based on previously reported morphologic criteria and compared with the clinical gonioscopic diagnosis. Of the 61 enucleated glaucomatous eyes, 40 were clinically diagnosed with PLD. For all 3 examiners, a histologic diagnosis of PLD corresponded poorly with the clinical diagnosis of PLD (range of kappa score: 0.149-0.269; range of AUC: 0.592-0.621). There was no difference between examiners in their ability to correctly diagnose PLD histologically ( P = .978). A fair degree of agreement was noted among examiners in obtaining their suspected histologic diagnosis of PLD (kappa score 0.256). No individual or sets of histologic ICA features were consistent with clinical PLD. The results indicate the histologic ICA changes proposed to be characteristic of PLD are also noted in canine globes affected with chronic secondary glaucoma. Therefore, using routine histologic evaluation, a histologic diagnosis of PLD is not possible in the face of chronic canine glaucoma.