bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of Mn (III)–porphyrin porous coordination polymers as heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 cycloaddition reaction
Authors: Su Zhenping , Li Jun , Bai Xiaolong , Wei Jiaojiao , Xu Yujing , Zhang Zeyu , Wang Ning , Li Jun
Published: March 2021

Two carboxyl‐functional Mn (III)–porphyrins reacted with two metal nitrates (Cr (NO3)3·9H2O and Al (NO3)3·9H2O) via solvothermal method, respectively, to produce four metalloporphyrin‐based metal organic gels (MOGs). To remove unreacted metal salts and DMF, the gels were dealt with Soxhlet extraction and supercritical CO2. Finally, four desired porous coordination polymers (PCPs) were prepared. The newly synthesized PCPs were characterized by FT‐IR, UV–vis, SEM, and TEM. The contrast experiments show these PCPs possess good catalytic activities for the cycloaddition reactions of epoxide and CO2 under mild and solvent‐free conditions using tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) as co‐catalyst.
Piezoelectric properties of PVDF‐conjugated polymer nanofibers
Authors: Trevino Julio E. , Mohan Swati , Salinas Alexandra E. , Cueva Emilia , Lozano Karen
Published: March 2021

This study presents the development and characterization of PVDF‐conjugated polymer nanofiber‐based systems. Five different conducting polymers (CPs) were synthesized successfully and used to create the nanofiber systems. The CPs used are polyaniline (PANI), polypyrrole (PPY), polyindole (PIN), polyanthranilic acid (PANA), and polycarbazole (PCZ). Nanofiber systems were produced utilizing the Forcespinning® technique. The nanofiber systems were developed by mechanical stretching. No electrical field or post‐process poling was used in the nanofiber systems. The morphology, structure, electrochemical and piezoelectric performance was characterized. All of the nanofiber PVDF/CP systems displayed higher piezoelectric performance than the fine fiber PVDF systems. The PVDF/PPY nanofiber system displays the highest piezoelectric performance of 15.56 V. The piezoelectric performance of the PVDF/CP nanofiber systems favors potential for an attractive source of energy where highly flexible membranes could be used in power actuators, sensors and portable, and wireless devices to mention some.
Rejuvenating the Geometric Electrocatalytic OER Performance of Crystalline Co3O4 by Microstructure Engineering with Sulfate
Authors: Koppisetti Heramba V. S. R. M. , Ganguli Sagar , Ghosh Sourav , Mahalingam Venkataramanan
Published: March 2021

Despite significant research on its electrocatalytic OER activity, the geometric performance of Co3O4 has remained unsatisfactory compared to relatively amorphous Co‐based materials. In particular, the activity of Co3O4 prepared through annealing always gets inferior compared to its amorphous precursor. This demands the development of synthetic techniques to prepare Co3O4 with superior activity as the unpredictable crystal structure of the amorphous materials makes it difficult to understand their structure‐activity relationships despite higher geometric activity. In this article, we have shown that incorporation of sulfate in pre‐annealed materials plays a pivotal role in boosting the OER activity of annealed Co3O4 irrespective of the pre‐annealed phase. In contrast to commonly used nitrate or carbonate that leaves the structure upon annealing and renders the resulting Co3O4 with poor activity, sulfate remains in the annealed structure due to its thermal stability and causes a dramatic enhancement in the geometric electrocatalytic OER activity of resulting Co3O4 compared to the pre‐annealed phase. This was due to the “pore‐alteration ability” and “crystallization hindrance effect” of sulfate ions that significantly alter the microstructure of the resulting Co3O4 during annealing process by dramatically improving the surface area, pore size, and pore volume. Moreover, sulfate incorporation provided structures with considerably higher mesoporosity that is known to be conducive for reactant and product diffusion within the network. The improved textural properties led to better exposure of the catalytic centres to the electrolyte leading to higher geometric OER activity despite identical intrinsic activity of both sulfate free and incorporated Co3O4 as confirmed from their specific activities. Further, the Co3O4 synthesized by annealing sulfate incorporated precursor was found to be rich with oxygen defects that are known to increase the potency of a material towards electrocatalytic OER. The sulfate ions also etched out in the electrolyte during electrocatalysis leading to complete unblocking of the pores thereby helping in sustaining the high geometric OER activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the geometric electrocatalytic OER activity of an annealed Co3O4 is significantly better compared to its pre‐annealed phase and is in fact comparable to the activity of amorphous Co‐hydroxide based compounds.
Pressed sap from oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) trunks: a revolutionary growth medium for the biotechnological industry?
Authors: Dirkes Rabea , Neubauer Pia R. , Rabenhorst Jürgen
Published: March 2021

In recent decades, the demand for palm oil has constantly increased and with it the cultivation of oil palms. After a period of 25 years, the oil yield of the palm trees decreases and they are felled. The trees are cut into pieces and remain on the plantations. However, due to their high moisture and sugar content, fungi and molds cause problems for replanting. The use of the wood for the timber industry is difficult due to its structural characteristics. Biotechnological processes use microorganisms to produce relevant industrial products. The basis for each process is a culture medium that contains all necessary nutrients, especially carbohydrates. The culture medium makes up a high percentage of the costs, so alternative, cheaper substrates are preferred. In this review, we show and compare different analyses of the sap mechanically pressed from the oil palm trunk regarding its sugar and nutrient content. The total sugar concentration in the palm sap varies between 16.97–140 g L−1 and it is mainly composed of glucose, fructose, and sucrose. The comparison with common nutrient media and the results of fermentation processes already carried out on a laboratory scale show that palm sap offers great potential as a fermentation medium for biotechnological conversion into industrially relevant products. © 2021 The Authors Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining published by Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Incorporation of classical scientific research stories into traditional lecture classes to promote the active learning of students
Authors: Yang Xiaohan , Zhou Xuehong , Yi Xia , Zhang Weifang , Yang Yang , Ni Juhua
Published: March 2021

Biochemistry is an important curriculum for all medical students but has long been considered obscure and of very little or indirect relevance to medical or clinical practice, which markedly diminishes the enthusiasm and motivation of medical students in learning. Biochemistry teachers always face a tremendous challenge to deliver an attractive and high‐quality lecture class. Inspired by convincing studies that show numerous benefits of undergraduate research, we tried to modify our teaching method in the past 5 years by incorporating classical scientific research stories into our traditional lecture class, such as the discovery of the semi‐conservative DNA replication, telomeric DNA and telomerase, the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle), and so on. Through this story‐based teaching, we not only helped them deeply understand the textbook content, but also introduced the process of real scientific research to the students in an interesting way. Our efforts aim to combine the delivery of knowledge with the inspiration of students' active learning. We found that most students involved in our classes responded positively. As described in the survey, they were strongly attracted by those research stories; rather than feeling bored about the Biochemistry textbook, they experienced curiosity which fostered their active learning. They also learned to appreciate the beauty of science. More importantly, their impression on how the authentic science research was done was instructive for their critical thinking.
The lncRNA XIST/miR‐125b‐2‐3p axis modulates cell proliferation and chemotherapeutic sensitivity via targeting Wee1 in colorectal cancer
Authors: Zeng Zhao‐lei , Lu Jia‐huan , Wang Yun , Sheng Hui , Wang Ying‐nan , Chen Zhan‐hong , Wu Qi‐nian , Zheng Jia‐Bo , Chen Yan‐xing , Yang Dong‐dong , Yu Kai , Mo Hai‐yu , Hu Jia‐jia , Hu Pei‐shan , Liu Ze‐xian , Ju Huai‐qiang , Xu Rui‐Hua
Published: March 2021

Background

Numerous reports on microRNAs have illustrated their role in tumor growth and metastasis. Recently, a new prognostic factor, miR‐125b‐2‐3p, has been identified for predicting chemotherapeutic sensitivity in advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the specific mechanisms and biological functions of miR‐125b‐2‐3p in advanced CRC under chemotherapy have yet to be elucidated.

Methods

MiR‐125b‐2‐3p expression was detected by real‐time PCR (RT‐PCR) in CRC tissues. The effects of miR‐125b‐2‐3p on the growth, metastasis, and drug sensitivity of CRC cells were tested in vitro and in vivo. Based on multiple databases, the upstream competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) and the downstream genes for miR‐125b‐2‐3p were predicted by bioinformatic analysis, followed by the experiments including luciferase reporter assays, western blot assays, and so on.

Results

MiR‐125b‐2‐3p was significantly lowly expressed in the tissues and cell lines of CRC. Higher expression of miR‐125b‐2‐3p was associated with relatively lower proliferation rates and fewer metastases. Moreover, overexpressed miR‐125b‐2‐3p remarkably improved chemotherapeutic sensitivity of CRC in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistically, miR‐125b‐2‐3p was absorbed by long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) XIST regulating WEE1 G2 checkpoint kinase (WEE1) expression. The upregulation of miR‐125b‐2‐3p inhibited the proliferation and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) of CRC induced by lncRNA XIST.

Conclusions

Lower miR‐125b‐2‐3p expression resulted in lower sensitivity of CRC to chemotherapy and was correlated with poorer survival of CRC patients. LncRNA XIST promoted CRC metastasis acting as a ceRNA for miR‐125b‐2‐3p to mediate WEE1 expression. LncRNA XIST‐miR‐125b‐2‐3p‐WEE1 axis not only regulated CRC growth and metastasis but also contributed to chemotherapeutic resistance to CRC.
Ductal stent endocarditis resulting in a large aortic pseudoaneurysm
Authors: Schwartz Matthew C. , Dantuluri Keerti , Maxey Thomas , Paolillo Joseph
Published: March 2021

An infant with ductal dependent pulmonary blood flow who underwent neonatal ductal stenting and, 4 months later, developed ductal stent endocarditis due to Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus was described. The infection was associated with a moderate aortic pseudoaneurysm and the patient was treated with antibiotics as well as surgical aortic pseudoaneurysm repair. This novel and unusual complication of ductal stent placement warrants reporting.
Mechanochemical Redox: Calcination‐free Synthesis of Ceria‐hybrid Catalyst with Ultra‐High Surface Area
Authors: Nie Siyang , Yang Shize , Zhang Pengfei
Published: March 2021

Transition metal‐doped CeO2 (MCeOx) is of great importance in industrial catalysis. However, current synthetic methods often result in the separation of MOx phases, which significantly decreases their catalytic activity. Toward this end, the chemistry of mechanochemical redox was introduced to prepare Ce1‐xMnxO2‐δ catalyst. The redox behavior between MnO4− and Ce3+ could in situ produces atomically dispersed Ce1‐xMnxO2‐δ solid solution without calcination. Moreover, the mechanochemical synthesis endows Ce1‐xMnxO2‐δ a surface area (302 m2/g) that is much higher than the counterparts prepared by traditional methods, such as co‐precipitation method (66 m2/g) CTAB‐assisted precipitation method (122 m2/g) and sol‐gel method (136 m2/g). Importantly, the well dispersed heteroatoms and high porosity afford doped ceria excellent activity and stability during CO oxidation. The reaction mechanism was finally explored by DFT calculation, which reveals that Mn and Cu dopants facilitate electron transfer and oxygen releasing.
Nonlinear propagation of fast and slow magnetosonic waves in collisional plasmas
Authors: Akhtar N. , Hussain S. , Mahmood S.
Published: March 2021

Low‐frequency fast and slow magnetosonic waves propagating in electron ion plasmas with damping effects through ions and neutral atoms collisions are investigated. Linear wave analysis is performed to obtain dispersion relation. The reductive perturbation method is applied and it is shown that fast and slow modes of nonlinear magnetosonic wave are governed by damped Korteweg‐de Vries (DKdV) equation in the presence of ion neutral collisions in plasmas. The analytical solution of DKdV soliton is presented under the assumption of weak collisional effects and numerical solutions of DKdV equation are also obtained using two‐level finite difference scheme with the help of Runge–Kutta method at different plasma parameters. The damping of nonlinear fast and slow magnetosonic wave structures at different times are discussed in the context of space plasma situations where ions and neutral atoms collisions exist.
Demonstration of loss reduction effect of 66 kV‐classed 30 MVA three phase hybrid‐core transformer by trial manufacture
Authors: Kobayashi Chie , Kurita Naoyuki , Nishimizu Akira , Yamagishi Akira , Ohara Shinya , Ogi Mizuki , Takahashi Koichi , Tanaka Yuichiro , Kuwabara Masanao
Published: March 2021

To realize larger‐capacity “Hybrid‐core transformer: HBT”, this research has assembled a 30‐MVA three‐phase trial HBT and evaluated the loss performances. The hybrid‐core consisting of the wound amorphous‐ and the stacked silicon steel‐cores, is expected having advantages of lower iron loss of the iron‐based amorphous material and the higher mechanical strength and saturation magnetic flux density of the silicon steels simultaneously. Three‐dimensional finite‐element method analysis revealed that the silicon steel core prevented over‐saturation of the amorphous core. The hybrid configuration enabled the design to have an approximately 10% higher magnetic flux density than configurations with only an amorphous core. We then assembled a prototype 30‐MVA three‐phase HBT designed on the basis of our investigation results. Operation tests demonstrated that the HBT has 62%‐reduced iron loss and 0.10%‐higher 50%‐loaded power efficiency from the conventional silicon steel core transformer.
The effect of risperidone on reward‐related brain activity is robust to drug‐induced vascular changes
Authors: Hawkins Peter C. T. , Zelaya Fernando O. , O'Daly Owen , Holiga Stefan , Dukart Juergen , Umbricht Daniel , Mehta Mitul A.
Published: March 2021

Dopamine (DA) mediated brain activity is intimately linked to reward‐driven cerebral responses, while aberrant reward processing has been implicated in several psychiatric disorders. fMRI has been a valuable tool in understanding the mechanism by which DA modulators alter reward‐driven responses and how they may exert their therapeutic effect. However, the potential effects of a pharmacological compound on aspects of neurovascular coupling may cloud the interpretability of the BOLD contrast. Here, we assess the effects of risperidone on reward driven BOLD signals produced by reward anticipation and outcome, while attempting to control for potential drug effects on regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR). Healthy male volunteers (n = 21) each received a single oral dose of either 0.5 mg, 2 mg of risperidone or placebo in a double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, randomised, three‐period cross‐over study design. Participants underwent fMRI scanning while performing the widely used Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task to assess drug impact on reward function. Measures of CBF (Arterial Spin Labelling) and breath‐hold challenge induced BOLD signal changes (as a proxy for CVR) were also acquired and included as covariates. Risperidone produced divergent, dose‐dependent effects on separate phases of reward processing, even after controlling for potential nonneuronal influences on the BOLD signal. These data suggest the D2 antagonist risperidone has a wide‐ranging influence on DA‐mediated reward function independent of nonneuronal factors. We also illustrate that assessment of potential vascular confounds on the BOLD signal may be advantageous when investigating CNS drug action and advocate for the inclusion of these additional measures into future study designs.
Extracorporeal therapies in veterinary medicine: what is currently performed in the UK?
Authors: Greensmith Tom , Cook Simon
Published: March 2021

Background: Although extracorporeal therapies (ECTs) are commonly used in human medicine, they are still in their infancy in veterinary medicine and are currently only offered in referral or experimental settings. This is expected to change in coming years, with ECTs becoming more widely available throughout the profession, although we acknowledge that while the Covid‐19 pandemic is ongoing the provision of some of these therapies might be reduced/altered.

Aim of the article: This article provides practitioners with an introduction to the three ECTs currently offered to veterinary patients – haemodialysis, therapeutic plasma exchange and cardiopulmonary bypass.
Preoperative paraspinous muscle sarcopenia and physical performance as prognostic indicators in non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Tanaka Shinya , Ozeki Naoki , Mizuno Yota , Nakajima Hiroki , Hattori Keiko , Inoue Takayuki , Nagaya Motoki , Fukui Takayuki , Nakamura Shota , Goto Masaki , Sugiyama Tomoshi , Nishida Yoshihiro , Chen‐Yoshikawa Toyofumi Fengshi
Published: March 2021

Background

Despite the associations of both preoperative sarcopenia and physical performance with post‐operative mortality in non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC), there have been no comprehensive studies of the impact of physical status on prognosis. This study was performed to investigate the prognostic significance of preoperative sarcopenia and physical performance in NSCLC.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study was performed in NSCLS patients undergoing curative lung resection at a university hospital between January 2014 and December 2017. The patients were divided into four groups according to the skeletal muscle index [sarcopenia (lowest sex‐specific tertile) and non‐sarcopenia] and 6 min walking distance (6MWD) [short distance (<400 m) and long distance (≥400 m)]. Sarcopenia was assessed by preoperative cross‐sectional areas of right and left paraspinous muscles at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra from computed tomography images, and physical performance was determined by preoperative 6MWD. The primary and secondary endpoints were post‐operative overall survival (OS) and disease‐free survival (DFS).

Results

The 587 patients [mean age: 68.5 ± 8.8 years, 399 men (68%)] included in the study were divided into the non‐sarcopenia/long‐distance group (58%), sarcopenia/long‐distance group (26%), non‐sarcopenia/short‐distance group (9%), and sarcopenia/short‐distance group (7%). A total of 109 (18.6%) deaths and 209 (35.6%) combined endpoints were observed over a mean follow‐up of 3.1 ± 1.3 years. After adjusting for other covariates, the sarcopenia/short‐distance group showed significant associations with shorter OS (hazard ratio, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 1.79–6.37; P < 0.001) and DFS (hazard ratio, 2.11; 95% confidence, 1.27–3.51; P = 0.004) compared with the non‐sarcopenia/long‐distance group on multivariate analyses. Although not significant, adding skeletal muscle index and 6MWD to the pre‐existing risk model increased the area under the curve on time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic curve analysis for OS and DFS, except within 2 years of surgery.

Conclusions

The presence of both preoperative paraspinous muscle sarcopenia and short distance in 6MWD had an adverse effect on post‐operative prognosis in patients with NSCLC, suggesting that preoperative assessment of thoracic sarcopenia and physical performance may be useful for risk stratification of surgical candidates with potential for targeted interventions.
Increased postoperative pancreatic fistula rate after distal pancreatectomy compared with pancreatoduodenectomy is attributable to a difference in acinar scores
Authors: Nahm Christopher B. , Alzaabi Saeed , Sahni Sumit , Gill Anthony J. , Samra Jaswinder S. , Mittal Anubhav
Published: March 2021

Background

Postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) is a potentially lethal complication of pancreatic surgery. POPF rate is consistently higher after distal pancreatectomy (DP) compared with pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). The acinar score of the remnant pancreas is associated with postoperative pancreatitis and POPF. This study aimed to: (i) confirm the difference in POPF rate after DP vs PD; (ii) confirm the association between acinar score and POPF; and (iii) evaluate the difference in acinar scores between DP and PD.

Methods

Patients undergoing DP or PD at a single institution from 2011 to 2017 were included. Hematoxylin and eosin‐stained slides of the pancreatic resection margin were evaluated for all patients and scored for acinar cell density. Clinicopathological data were retrieved from a prospectively maintained database.

Results

Two hundred and ninety‐four patients were included in the analysis (206 PD, 88 DP). The POPF rate was significantly higher after DP than PD (20.4% vs 11.2%, P = .043). Acinar score >50 was independently associated with the development of POPF (OR 6.457, P = .003). DP was associated with a higher median acinar score than PD (65 vs 50, P < .001).

Conclusion

The POPF rate is significantly higher after DP compared with PD and is attributable to a higher acinar score of the pancreatic resection margin.
Nutrition evaluation and management of critically ill patients with COVID‐19 during post–intensive care rehabilitation
Authors: Hoyois Alice , Ballarin Asuncion , Thomas Justine , Lheureux Olivier , Preiser Jean‐Charles , Coppens Emmanuel , Perez‐Bogerd Silvia , Taton Olivier , Farine Sylvie , Van Ouytsel Pauline , Arvanitakis Marianna
Published: March 2021

Background

Among hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), up to 12% may require intensive care unit (ICU) management. The aim of this prospective cohort study is to assess nutrition status and outcome in patients with COVID‐19 following ICU discharge.

Methods

Patients requiring a minimum of 14 days’ stay in the ICU with mechanical ventilation were included. Nutrition status was assessed at inclusion (ICU discharge) and follow‐up (after 15, 30, and 60 days). All patients had standardized medical nutrition therapy with defined targets regarding energy (30 kcal/kg/d) and protein intake (1.5 g/kg/d).

Results

Fifteen patients were included (67% males); the median age was 60 (33–75) years old. Body mass index at ICU admission was 25.7 (IQR, 24–31) kg/m². After a median ICU stay of 33 (IQR, 26–39) days, malnutrition was present in all patients (11.3% median weight loss and/or low muscle mass based on handgrip strength measurement). Because of postintubation dysphagia in 60% of patients, enteral nutrition was administered (57% nasogastric tube; 43% percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy). After 2 months, a significant improvement in muscle strength was observed (median handgrip strength, 64.7% [IQR, 51%–73%] of the predicted values for age vs 19% [IQR, 4.8%–28.4%] at ICU discharge [P < 0.0005]), as well as weight gain of 4.3 kg (IQR, 2.7–6.7 kg) (P < 0.0002).

Conclusions

Critically ill patients with COVID‐19 requiring ICU admission and mechanical ventilation have malnutrition and low muscle mass at ICU discharge. Nutrition parameters improve during rehabilitation with standardized medical nutrition therapy.
Deletion of conserved non‐coding sequences downstream from NKX2‐1: A novel disease‐causing mechanism for benign hereditary chorea
Authors: Liao Jun , Coffman Keith A. , Locker Joseph , Padiath Quasar S. , Nmezi Bruce , Filipink Robyn A. , Hu Jie , Sathanoori Malini , Madan‐Khetarpal Suneeta , McGuire Marianne , Schreiber Allison , Moran Rocio , Friedman Neil , Hoffner Lori , Rajkovic Aleksandar , Yatsenko Svetlana A. , Surti Urvashi
Published: March 2021

Background

Benign hereditary chorea (BHC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by early‐onset non‐progressive involuntary movements. Although NKX2‐1 mutations or deletions are the cause of BHC, some BHC families do not have pathogenic alterations in the NKX2‐1 gene, indicating that mutations of non‐coding regulatory elements of NKX2‐1 may also play a role.

Methods and Results

By using whole‐genome microarray analysis, we identified a 117 Kb founder deletion in three apparently unrelated BHC families that were negative for NKX2‐1 sequence variants. Targeted next generation sequencing analysis confirmed the deletion and showed that it was part of a complex local genomic rearrangement. In addition, we also detected a 648 Kb de novo deletion in an isolated BHC case. Both deletions are located downstream from NKX2‐1 on chromosome 14q13.2‐q13.3 and share a 33 Kb smallest region of overlap with six previously reported cases. This region has no gene but contains multiple evolutionarily highly conserved non‐coding sequences.

Conclusion

We propose that the deletion of potential regulatory elements necessary for NKX2‐1 expression in this critical region is responsible for BHC phenotype in these patients, and this is a novel disease‐causing mechanism for BHC.
“New Trach Mom Here…”: A qualitative study of internet‐based resources by caregivers of children with tracheostomy
Authors: Meyer‐Macaulay Colin B. , Graham Robert J. , Williams David , Dorste Anna , Teele Sarah A.
Published: March 2021

Objective

Decision‐making around tracheostomy placement and chronic respiratory support in children is complicated. Families often seek support and advice from outside the medical care team, including from social media. We undertook this study to characterize the content and nature of online resources created and managed primarily by caregivers of children living with tracheostomy and chronic mechanical ventilation.

Design/Setting

We used a “grey literature” search methodology to identify internet resources created by caregivers of children with tracheostomy. We included only publicly available, nonindustry associated, English language, North American websites updated at least once in 2019. We then applied inductive content analysis to establish central themes, patterns and associations.

Measurements/Main Results

We identified six blogs/forums that met our search criteria. We identified four main themes: (1) Uncertainty, (2) Lived experience—wants, needs, and emotions, (3) Seeking context and meaning, and (4) Advice/information sharing/support. Two patterns of coping were identified on the basis of the relationships between codes. The “Acceptance pathway” is associated with a sense of self‐actualization, mastery, satisfaction, return to normalcy, and ultimately acceptance. The “Resignation pathway” is associated with a sense of lack of control, frustration, burnout and stress, persistent lack of normalcy, and resignation to the tracheostomy as a negative but necessary outcome.

Conclusion

Caregivers often come to see themselves as experts in the care of children with tracheostomy, though many still express ambivalence about their knowledge and skills. Those early in the experience express a desire for community and can potentially benefit from online resources.
FacileSynthesis of Anatase TiO2Nanocrystals with Co‐Exposed{101}, {010}/{100} and [111]‐Facets for EfficientPhotodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Du Yi‐en , Niu Xianjun , Zhang Caifeng , Li Xiaodong , Cai Xuemei , Guo Yanqing , Wang Pengfei
Published: March 2021

Cuboid‐shaped anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with co‐exposed {101} and [111]‐facets (or {101} and {100} facets), diamond‐shaped, rod‐like and irregular anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with dominant {010} facets were controllably synthesized from titanium (IV) ethoxide (TEOT) using HF as a capping agent via a facile sol‐gel procedure, and characterized by X‐ray powderdiffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), nitrogen adsorption, photoluminescence (PL) spectra, UV‐vis diffuse reflectance spectra,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For the as‐prepared anatase TiO2 nanocrystals, the 0.5HF‐TiO2 revealed the best photocatalytic efficiency under UV light irradiation: 94.1 % of methylene blue (MB) was photodegraded within 90 min. The reaction rate constant k(min−1) was 1.39, 1.47, 1.59, 1.66, 1.92, 2.75, and 30.5 times higher than that of 2.0HF‐TiO2 (2.20×10−2 min−1), 1.5HF‐TiO2 (2.07×10−2 min−1), 1.0HF‐TiO2 (1.92×10−2 min−1), 2.5HF‐TiO2 (1.84×10−2 min−1), 3.0HF‐TiO2 (1.59×10−2 min−1), Bodi‐TiO2 (1.11×10−2 min−1), and the blank sample (0.10×10−2 min−1), respectively. Compared to other as‐prepared anatase TiO2 nanocrystals with the similar co‐exposed crystal facets, the highest efficiency of 0.5HF‐TiO2 could be attributed to the minimum crystal size,narrower pore size distribution, the maximum specific surface area, the lowest PL intensity and charge‐transfer resistance, andthe smallestrecombination resistance.
Constructing Meaning Online: Teaching Critical Reading in a Post‐Truth Era
Authors: Nash Brady L.
Published: March 2021

Changes in technology and reading habits over the last decade have ushered in a new informational landscape. The Internet has become the central means by which children and adults form understandings of the world. Since readers on the Internet choose from a nearly unlimited selection of websites, they play a more active role in determining which ideas they encounter. These shifts in technology have been accompanied by shifts in culture and politics which have led to a post‐truth era in which “identity [determines] how people respond to texts” (Janks, 2018, p. 98). While there is ample pedagogical literature addressing online reading, few resources exist for preparing students to navigate online in the post‐truth era. Utilizing tools drawn from critical literacy, this article builds on new literacies pedagogies by introducing instructional strategies that help students attend to the ways in which their own culturally‐situated viewpoints influence the meanings they make online.
Data Ownership and Open Data: The Potential for Data-Driven Policy Making
Authors: Walravens Nils , Ballon Pieter , Van Compernolle Mathias , Borghys Koen
Published: March 2021

As part of the rhetoric surrounding the Smart City concept, cities are increasingly facing challenges related to data (management, governance, processing, storage, publishing etc.). The growing power acquired by the data market and the great relevance assigned to data ownership rather than to data-exploitation knowhow is affecting the development of a data culture and is slowing down the embedding of data-related expertise inside public administrations. Concurrently, policies call for more open data to foster service innovation and government transparency. What are the consequences of these phenomena when imagining the potential for policy making consequent to the growing data quantity and availability? Which strategic challenges and decisions do public authorities face in this regard? What are valuable approaches to arm public administrations in this “war on data”? The Smart Flanders program was initiated by the Flemish Government (Belgium) in 2017 to research and support cities with defining and implementing a common open data policy. As part of the program, a “maturity check” was performed, evaluating the cities on several quantitative and qualitative parameters. This exercise laid to bare some challenges in the field of open data and led to a checklist that cities can employ to begin tackling them, as well as a set of model clauses to be used in the procurement of new technologies.
Data-Related Ecosystems in Policy Making: The PoliVisu Contexts
Authors: Lanza Giovanni
Published: March 2021

The article explores the complexity of the ecosystems that develop around data supported policy making. This complexity, which can be traced back to the multiplicity of actors involved, the roles they assume in the different steps of the decision making process, and the nature of the relationships they establish, takes on new connotations following the rising use of data for public policies. In fact, issues related to data ownership and the ability to collect, manage, and translate data into useful information for policy makers require the involvement of several actors, generating ecosystems where co-creation strategies are confronted with the limits of action of the public administrations within broader social and decisional networks. Based on this background, the article aims to provide, through the analysis of the direct experiences conducted by the pilot cities involved in the PoliVisu project, an overview of the opportunities and challenges related to the impact of data in the evolution of decision making networks and ecosystems in the data shake era.
Summary and Conclusions
Authors: Reames Donald V.
Published: March 2021

In this chapter we summarize our current understanding of SEPs, of properties of the sites of their origin and of the physical processes that accelerate or modify them. These processes can leave an indelible mark on the abundances of elements, isotopes, ionization states, anisotropies, energy spectra and time profiles of the SEPs. Transport of the ions to us along magnetic fields can impose new variations in large events or even enhance the visibility of the source parameters as the SEPs expand into the heliosphere. We lack physical models that can follow the complexity of SEP abundance variations.
Theorie des diskursiven Institutionalismus
Authors: Schleicher Katharina
Published: March 2021

Dieses Kapitel stellt die wichtigsten Konzepte des diskursiven Institutionalismus vor und führt die Annahmen mehrerer Autoren zu unterschiedlichen Arten von Ideen, Akteursgruppen sowie drei Graden von Politikwandel zusammen. Die umfassendste Form von Wandel – die Transformation – geht auch mit einer Veränderung von Paradigmen einher. Wann dies laut diskursivem Institutionalismus erfolgreich gelingt, welche Voraussetzungen dafür vorliegen müssen und wie die Veränderungsprozesse ablaufen, wird in diesem Kapitel erläutert. Anschließend werden die Besonderheiten der lokalen Ebene bei Paradigmenwechseln und Politikveränderungen diskutiert. Darauf folgt ein Vergleich der Transformationsverständnisse des WBGU bzw. der transformativen Forschung und der Transition-Forschung mit der Transformationsdefinition des diskursiven Institutionalismus.
Performance of Agriculture in Punjab
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Roy Ranjana , Hussain Siraj
Published: March 2021

Punjab had been a star performer in agriculture during the heydays of the green revolution. Its agricultural GDP grew at 5.7% per annum during the period from 1971–72 to 1985–86, which was more than double the growth rate of 2.31% achieved at all-India level in the same period. It was Punjab’s spectacular performance, first observed in large wheat surpluses and then in rice, that helped India free itself from food aid under the PL 480 and its associated political strings. Punjab became a symbol of India’s grain surpluses, giving India much needed food security. But after 1985–86, the green revolution showed signs of waning and Punjab’s agricultural growth slowed to 3% per annum over the period 1985–86 to 2004–05, almost the same as achieved at the all-India level. But the real challenges to Punjab’s agriculture emerged when its growth crashed to just 1.6% per annum during 2005–06 to 2016–17, which was less than half the all-India agricultural GDP growth of 3.6% over the same period. Owing to the earlier years of high agricultural growth, Punjab had one of the lowest poverty ratios (7.7% in rural Punjab) as per Tendulkar poverty line in the country in 2011–12, which was almost one-third the level of poverty at the all-India level. Providing food security to the country and reducing its own poverty to the lowest levels within India has been Punjab’s most laudable achievements.
Performance of Agriculture in Uttar Pradesh
Authors: Gulati Ashok , Terway Prerna , Hussain Siraj
Published: March 2021

Uttar Pradesh is an agrarian economy where 47% of the population is directly dependent on agriculture for their livelihood. Even though the share of agriculture in overall GSDP has dropped to only 12% in TE 2017–18, agriculture still remains an important sector because the income of a substantial section of the workforce still comes from this sector.
Myocardial salvage by succinate dehydrogenase inhibition in ischemia–reperfusion injury depends on diabetes stage in rats
Authors: Tonnesen Pernille Tilma , Hjortbak Marie Vognstoft , Lassen Thomas Ravn , Seefeldt Jacob Marthinsen , Bøtker Hans Erik , Jespersen Nichlas Riise
Published: March 2021

Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) by Dimethyl Malonate (DiMal) reduces cardiac ischemia–reperfusion (IR) injury. We investigated the cardioprotective effect of DiMal in a rat model during advancing type 2 diabetes. Zucker Diabetic Fatty rats and lean controls were investigated corresponding to prediabetes, onset and mature diabetes. Hearts were mounted in an isolated perfused model, and subjected to IR for investigation of infarct size (IS) and mitochondrial respiratory control ratio (RCR). DiMal was administered for 10 min before ischemia. Compared with age-matched non-diabetic rats, prediabetic rats had larger IS (49 ± 4% vs. 36 ± 2%, p = 0.007), rats with onset diabetes smaller IS (51 ± 3% vs. 62 ± 3%, p = 0.05) and rats with mature diabetes had larger IS (79 ± 3% vs. 69 ± 2%, p = 0.06). At the prediabetic stage DiMal did not alter IS. At onset of diabetes DiMal 0.6 mM increased IS in diabetic but not in non-diabetic control rats (72 ± 4% vs. 51 ± 3%, p = 0.003). At mature diabetes DiMal 0.1 and 0.6 mM reduced IS (68 ± 3% vs. 79 ± 3% and 64 ± 5% vs. 79 ± 3%, p  = 0.1 and p = 0.01), respectively. DiMal 0.1 mM alone reduced IS in age-matched non-diabetic animals (55 ± 3% vs. 69 ± 2% p = 0.01). RCR was reduced at mature diabetes but not modulated by DiMal. Modulation of SDH activity results in variable infarct size reduction depending on presence and the stage of diabetes. Modulation of SDH activity may be an unpredictable cardioprotective approach.
Parental and job burnout in a Chinese sample
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Shengnan , Liu Xia , Li Yongxin
Published: March 2021

Recently, parental burnout has received considerable attention. However, to what extent can parental burnout be distinguished from job burnout in general? Furthermore, what is the direction of the relationship between parental and job burnout? These questions remain to be explored. The present study sought to determine the relationship between parental and job burnout, examining the effects on fathers and the mothers sample separately. Study 1 aimed to provide further evidence of the distinction between parental and job burnout. In total, 597 students, 458 fathers, and 531 mothers took part in our survey. Furthermore, both parental and job burnout could positively predict their own depression (βfather = 0.27, p < 0.01; βmother = 0.35, p < 0.01). Parental burnout could significantly predict parenting-related variables (e.g., children’s anxiety) (βfather = 0.23, p < 0.01; βmother = 0.13, p < 0.01), whereas job burnout could significantly predict job-related variables (e.g., job satisfaction) (βfather = −0.27, p < 0.01; βmother = −0.28, p < 0.01). These results support the distinction between parental and job burnout. In Study 2, a three-wave longitudinal design and a cross-lag model was established to infer the direction of the relationship. In total, 109 fathers and 144 mothers completed all questionnaires. The results showed that the previous parental burnout had a significant predictive effect on later job burnout consistently, whereas the previous job burnout did not show significant predictive effect on later parental burnout. The implications and necessary future research are also discussed.
Models and scales for quality control: toward the definition of specifications (GOA-LOG) for the generation and re-use of HBIM object libraries in a Common Data Environment
Authors: Brumana Raffaella , Stanga Chiara , Banfi Fabrizio
Published: March 2021

The paper focuses on new opportunities of knowledge sharing, and comparison, thanks to the circulation and re-use of heritage HBIM models by means of Object Libraries within a Common Data Environment (CDE) and remotely-accessible Geospatial Virtual Hubs (GVH). HBIM requires a transparent controlled quality process in the model generation and its management to avoid misuses of such models once available in the cloud, freeing themselves from object libraries oriented to new buildings. The model concept in the BIM construction process is intended to be progressively enriched with details defined by the Level of Geometry (LOG) while crossing the different phases of development (LOD), from the pre-design to the scheduled maintenance during the long life cycle of buildings and management (LLCM). In this context, the digitization process—from the data acquisition until the informative models (scan-to-HBIM method)—requires adapting the definition of LOGs to the different phases characterizing the heritage preservation and management, reversing the new construction logic based on simple-to-complex informative models. Accordingly, a deeper understanding of the geometry and state of the art (as-found) should take into account the complexity and uniqueness of the elements composing the architectural heritage since the starting phases of the analysis, adopting coherent object modeling that can be simplified for different purposes as in the construction site and management over time. For those reasons, the study intends (i) to apply the well-known concept of scale to the object model generation, defining different Grades of Accuracy (GOA) related to the scales (ii) to start fixing sustainable roles to guarantee a free choice by the operators in the generation of object models, and (iii) to validate the model generative process with a transparent communication of indicators to describe the richness in terms of precision and accuracy of the geometric content here declined for masonry walls and vaults, and (iv) to identifies requirements for reliable Object Libraries.
Boosting energy storage performance of low-temperature sputtered CaBi2Nb2O9 thin film capacitors via rapid thermal annealing
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Yanling , Wang Chun-Ming , Ouyang Jun
Published: March 2021

CaBi2Nb2O9 thin film capacitors were fabricated on SrRuO3-buffered Pt(111)/Ti/Si(100) substrates by adopting a two-step fabrication process. This process combines a low-temperature sputtering deposition with a rapid thermal annealing (RTA) to inhibit the grain growth, for the purposes of delaying the polarization saturation and reducing the ferroelectric hysteresis. By using this method, CaBi2Nb2O9 thin films with uniformly distributed nanograins were obtained, which display a large recyclable energy density Wrec ≈ 69 J/cm3 and a high energy efficiency η ≈ 82.4%. A superior fatigue-resistance (negligible energy performance degradation after 109 charge-discharge cycles) and a good thermal stability (from −170 to 150 °C) have also been achieved. This two-step method can be used to prepare other bismuth layer-structured ferroelectric film capacitors with enhanced energy storage performances.
Building panels from archives: the longitudinal representativity
Authors: Biffignandi Silvia , Zeli Alessandro
Published: March 2021

In this paper, starting from ASIA business register and from the related Events Register, the longitudinally persistency of core units of the abovementioned database is examined. The M&A events are considered. To evaluate the representativity of the longitudinal panel obtained using the proposed approach, the dataset is integrated with the financial reports database with reference to some relevant economic variables. Italian financial reports database includes annual reports transmitted (according to the law) to the local Chamber of Commerce (CC) by all limited firms. The annual reports are collected and checked by CC. The database includes around 700,000 firm financial reports every year. It represents a very rich and complete source of information, therefore in this study it is used as reference target population. The complete set of data is compared both to panel based on the M&A (Mergers and Acquisitions) events and to results related to a panel build up without reference to the M&A events. Comparative analyses are carried out for the representativeness of most important economic variables. Representativeness with respect to main economic variables is analyzed. Statistical analyses, broken down by specific categories, based mainly on R-indicators are performed.
The disappearing body: anorexia as a conflict of embodiment
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: March 2021

Anorexia nervosa is often regarded primarily as a disorder of the body image, with affected individuals submitting themselves to the dictate of a predominant model of slenderness. However, even though this frequently functions as a gateway to the disorder, the paper intends to show that the actual conflict in anorexia consists in a fundamental alienation of the self from the body. In order to analyze this alienation from a phenomenological point of view, the paper introduces the polarity of lived body (body-as-subject) and physical body (body-as-object). It then explores the phenomenology of anorexia, drawing on characteristic self-reports as well as on the phenomenological, psychoanalytic and cultural science literature. The anorexic conflict of embodiment arises in adolescence, where the body becomes an object of the other’s gaze in a special way. Starting with an attempt to comply with the ideal body image, the anorexic patient increasingly fights against her dependency on her body and its uncontrollable nature, above all its hunger and femininity. To be in total control of her body and to gain independence from it, becomes the source of a narcissistic triumph. Thus, in striving for autonomy and perfection, the anorexic patient alienates herself from her embodiment. This results in a radical dualism of ‘mind’ and ‘body’: pursuing the ideal of an asexual, angelic, even disappearing body. Anorexia is thus conceived as a fundamental conflict of embodiment.
Experts’ preferences for sarcopenia outcomes: a discrete-choice experiment from a working group of the European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis, Osteoarthritis and Musculoskeletal Diseases (ESCEO) in collaboration with the European Union of Geriatric Medicine Society (EUGMS)
Authors:   ESCEO Working Group on Sarcopenia, Sarcopenia Interest Group of the EUGMS, Beaudart Charlotte , Bauer Jürgen M. , Landi Francesco , Bruyère Olivier , Reginster Jean-Yves , Hiligsmann Mickael
Published: March 2021

Background and aims

To assess experts’ preference for sarcopenia outcomes.

Methods

A discrete-choice experiment was conducted among 37 experts (medical doctors and researchers) from different countries around the world. In the survey, they were repetitively asked to choose which one of two hypothetical patients suffering from sarcopenia deserves the most a treatment. The two hypothetical patients differed in five pre-selected sarcopenia outcomes: quality of life, mobility, domestic activities, fatigue and falls. A mixed logit panel model was used to estimate the relative importance of each attribute.

Results

All sarcopenia outcomes were shown to be significant, and thus, important for experts. Overall, the most important sarcopenia outcome was falls (27%) followed by domestic activities and mobility (24%), quality of life (15%) and fatigue (10%).

Discussion and conclusion

Compared to patient’s preferences, experts considered falls as a more important outcome of sarcopenia, while the outcomes fatigue and difficulties in domestic activities were considered as less important.