bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liver resection in patients with a history of local ablation for hepatocellular carcinoma has the risk of poor survival and serosal invasion
Authors: Nishi Yusuke , Sakamoto Katsunori , Uraoka Mio , Nagaoka Tomoyuki , Honjo Masahiko , Tamura Kei , Funamizu Naotake , Ogawa Kohei , Takada Yasutsugu , Umeda Yuzo
Published: November 2024

Aim

The aim was to evaluate the impact of previous local ablation (LA) on long‐term prognoses and tumor histopathological findings following hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This retrospective study used data from patients who underwent initial hepatectomy for HCC at Ehime University Hospital between October 2003 and July 2021. Using data from a total of 234 patients, after excluding patients with distant metastasis or macroscopic residual tumors and patients with mixed HCC, a group of 39 patients who underwent post‐ablation liver resection (PALR) was compared with a group of 195 non‐PALR patients with respect to patient characteristics, perioperative data, pathological findings, and outcomes.

Results

Number of tumors was significantly greater and diameter of tumor was smaller in PALR group than those of non‐PALR group. Both overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were significantly poor in PALR group than those of non‐PALR (5‐year OS 54.1% vs. 66.9%, p = 0.024; 5‐year RFS 24.7% vs. 37.0%, p = 0.019). However, PALR was not selected as independent prognosticator in multivariate analyses. In PALR group, tumor size ≥3 cm was sole independent prognosticator in multivariate analyses. Multivariate analysis showed that PALR [odds ratio (OR), 8.989; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.807–28.787], alpha‐fetoprotein level >40 ng/mL (OR, 2.923; 95% CI, 1.063–8.035), and des‐γ‐carboxyprothrombin level >170 mAU/mL (OR, 5.164; 95% CI, 1.622–16.438) were independent predictors of pathological serosal invasion.

Conclusions

Hepatectomy for patients with history of LA for HCC had a risk of serosal invasion and poor survival.
Visible light induced reactions of quinones
Authors: Jang Jihoon , Lee Gayeon , Cho Eun Jin
Published: November 2024

This review covers the visible light induced reactions of quinones such as benzoquinone, naphthoquinone, and anthraquinone. These quinones are distinguished by their fully conjugated structures, which feature minimal energy gaps, and nonbonding electron pairs on the oxygen atoms. Such structural attributes facilitate np → π* transition, allowing for easy access to excited states and rendering quinones highly reactive under visible‐light irradiation. We describe three primary types of reactions facilitated by these electronic characteristics: Paternò–Büchi (PB) reactions, which entail [2 + 2] photocycloaddition between the carbonyl groups of quinones and alkenes or alkynes; CH activation processes, which showcase quinones' versatility in functionalizing hydrocarbons; and the formation of electron donor–acceptor complexes, demonstrating quinones' capability to engage in charge transfer interactions. Through this review, we highlight the critical role quinones play in photochemistry, their unique electronic properties, and their broad applicability in synthetic organic chemistry.
Scalable Bulk Synthesis of Phase‐Pure γ‐Sn3N4 as a Model for an Argon‐Flow‐Mediated Metathesis Reaction
Authors: Zipkat Mirjam , Koldemir Aylin , Block Theresa , Ceniza Claude , Boyko Teak D. , Kläger Sebastian , Pritzl Reinhard M. , Moewes Alexander , Pöttgen Rainer , Rudel Stefan S. , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: November 2024

Nitrides represent a promising class of materials for a variety of applications. However, bulk synthesis remains a challenging task due to the stability of the N2 molecule. In this study, we introduce a simple and scalable approach for synthesizing nitride bulk materials. Moderate reaction temperatures are achieved by using reactive starting materials, slow and continuous mixing of the starting materials, and by dissipating heat generated during the reaction. The impact on the synthesis of using different starting materials as nitrogen source and the influence of a flux were examined. γ‐Sn3N4 was selected as the model compound. The synthesis of pure γ‐Sn3N4 bulk material on a large scale has still been a challenge, although a few synthesis methods were already described in the literature. Here we synthesized γ‐Sn3N4 by metathesis reaction of argon‐diluted SnCl4 with Li3N, Mg3N2 or Ca3N2 as nitrogen sources. Products were characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, dynamic flash combustion analysis, hot gas extraction analysis, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Mössbauer spectroscopy and X‐ray absorption and emission spectroscopy. Additionally, single‐crystal diffraction data of γ‐Sn₃N₄, previously unavailable, were successfully collected.
Fine‐needle aspiration and effusion cytology of thoracic SMARCA4–deficient undifferentiated tumor and SMARCA4‐deficient non–small cell lung carcinoma: A multi‐institutional experience with 27 patients
Authors: Zalles Nicole , Mukhopadhyay Sanjay , Satturwar Swati , Lajara Sigfred , Khader Samer , Pantanowitz Liron , Elsheikh Tarik M.
Published: November 2024

Background

Thoracic switch/sucrose nonfermentable–related, matrix‐associated, actin‐dependent regulator of chromatin, subfamily A, member 4 (SMARCA4)–deficient (SD) malignancies, including SD undifferentiated tumor (SD‐UT) and SD non–small cell lung carcinoma (SD‐NSCLC), have been recently described. The cytologic features of these neoplasms in fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) and effusion specimens have rarely been reported in the literature. This study aimed to describe and compare the spectrum of cytologic, immunohistochemical, and clinical features of these high‐grade malignancies recently encountered at the participating institutions.

Methods

This study documented clinical and imaging characteristics of tumors from 27 patients. Sixteen cytomorphologic features and immunohistochemical findings were compared between SD‐UT and SD‐NSCLC samples.

Results

Twenty three FNAs, two bronchial brushings, and two pleural fluids were evaluated, including 17 SD‐UT cases (mean patient age, 70 years) and 10 SD‐NSCLC cases (mean patient age, 62 years). Both malignancies presented with large thoracic masses and/or hilar/mediastinal lymphadenopathy. All SD‐UT cytologic samples had a discohesive or mixed cohesive–discohesive architecture, and most (13 of 17) showed predominant rhabdoid or mixed rhabdoid–epithelioid features. Most SD‐NSCLC cytologic samples (nine of 10) were either cohesive or mixed cohesive–discohesive and had a predominantly epithelioid morphology (eight of 10). Keratins and claudin‐4 were negative or focally positive in SD‐UT samples, whereas they were diffusely positive in SD‐NSCLC samples. Both malignancies were negative for TTF‐1 and p40/p63 and showed loss of expression of SMARCA4.

Conclusions

Although there is considerable clinical and cytopathologic overlap between SD‐UT and SD‐NSCLC, some key features allow for their distinction. SD‐UT is mostly discohesive with rhabdoid or mixed rhabdoid–epithelioid features, whereas SD‐NSCLC often has cohesive epithelioid morphology. The combination of clinical presentation, cytomorphology, and immunohistochemistry is essential for a definitive diagnosis.
A Three‐Phase Omnidirectional Wireless Charger Based on Segmented Arc‐Shaped Coupler With High Anti‐Rotation Offset Feature for AUVs
Authors: Yu Huiying , Liu Hongchen , Wang Youzheng , Wheeler Patrick
Published: November 2024

When the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) is charged by wireless charging technology (WCT), the coupler will be misalignment due to the impact of marine environment factors, which can lead to the weak stability of the system output. Besides, the electromagnetic field generated by the coaxial coil is concentrated in the center of the AUV hull, and the strong electromagnetic field may interfere with the normal operation of the power electronic equipment inside the AUVs. To address the above problems, this paper proposes a novel coupler with high anti‐offset and suppression of the central magnetic field of the AUVs. The coupler is composed of a three‐phase segmented arc‐shaped transmitter coils and a cylindrical receiver coil. The coupler can implement the suppression of the AUV central magnetic field and the promotion of anti‐rotation offset feature under the omnidirectional uniform magnetic field control method. To better adapt the proposed coupler and meet the battery charging requirements, a three‐phase wireless charging topology with a relay is designed, which can acquire the smooth transition between the two charging modes without constructing the wireless communication between two sides and detecting the state of charge (SOC). Finally, to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme, a 1‐kW AUV wireless charging prototype is built. The experimental results indicate that the maximum output power fluctuation rate of the system is 1.1% in the case of the full‐angle rotation offset.
A Simple 18‐Pulse Uncontrolled Star Rectifier by Adopting Dual Passive Injection Circuits at DC Side
Authors: Liya Afia Fahmida , Malek Md. Abdul , Hasan Parvez , Khan Muhammad Abdul Goffar
Published: November 2024

This research introduces a simple 18‐pulse star rectifier, which is a combination of a conventional double‐star rectifier and two new passive injection circuits. The proposed passive injection circuits are constituted with a specially tapped interphase transformer (STIPT) and four diodes. The proposed passive injection circuits can simultaneously increase the step number of the input line current and the pulse number of the load voltage. The first passive injection circuit (FPIC) doubles the pulse number of the traditional double‐star rectifier converting it into an asymmetrical 12‐pulse star rectifier while the second passive injection circuit (SPIC) further converts the 12‐pulse star rectifier into 18‐pulse star rectifier. For tripling the pulse number of the double‐star rectifier, the STIPT requires to be designed optimally. For designing purpose, the proper tap ratios of the STIPT are determined depending on the minimum total harmonic distortion (THD) of the input line current. When designed optimally, the proposed rectifier simultaneously reduces the THD of the input line current and ripple of the output voltage with increasing pulses. In order to provide experimental validation for the theoretical evaluation, a laboratory prototype is constructed. The theoretical THD of the input line current is about 10.1%, whereas the experimental THD is about 5.42%.
Real‐Time Energy Management System for a Hybrid Renewable Microgrid System
Authors: Bipongo Christian Ndeke , Adonis Marco , Almaktoof Ali
Published: November 2024

This paper gives a detailed study for the design and implementation of an energy management system (EMS) for a hybrid renewable microgrid system using real‐time software. Microgrids, with their ability to integrate renewable energy sources, face challenges in maintaining stability and reliability. The implemented EMS aimed to maximize the renewable energy sources utilization, including PV and wind power, in conjunction with a battery energy storage system. The objectives of this research included the implementation of an EMS that ensures a reliable and stable operation between the microgrid system and the main grid including the control of charge and discharge of the battery using Typhoon Hardware‐in‐the‐Loop (HIL) software. The simulation results and case studies demonstrated the effectiveness and performance of the developed EMS in managing a hybrid renewable microgrid system. The results also demonstrated that the time of charging was maximized by utilizing a higher power. By doing so, the battery was fully charged in a shorter timeframe. The battery state of charge (SOC) was maintained between the fixed values (20% and 100%) as stated by the algorithm.
Designing the Essential Informational Needs of a Smartphone Application for Self‐Management of Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Asadi Farkhondeh , Hosseini Azamossadat , Daeechini Amir Hossein
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic digestive disease that has a detrimental effect on the quality of life of IBD patients. This study aims to identify the informational needs and design the essential informational needs for a smartphone application for the self‐management of IBD.

Methods

This study was conducted in two stages and the informational needs of the patients were extracted in a questionnaire designed in three separate sections and given to 120 patients with UC and 60 patients with CD.

Results

After a literature review and analysis of patient responses, it was found that Knowledge of the disease, Medication, Educational information, Complications, Diet & Nutrition, and Lifestyle habits are among the most important domains of informational needs of inflammatory bowel disease patients.

Conclusion

Patients with IBD have many informational needs, and in this study, identifying these needs, can help improve the quality of life of these patients and be of interest to healthcare providers, designers, and developers of applications.
MHD Mass Transfer Flow in Presence of Chemical Reaction, Thermal Radiation, and Thermal Diffusion Effect
Authors: Ahmed Nazibuddin , Deka Hiren , Haloi Puja
Published: November 2024

The present work is interested in investigating the impacts of chemical reaction, magnetic field, thermal radiation, heat sink, and thermal diffusion on a steady two‐dimensional MHD convection‐free heat and mass transfer flow past a semi‐infinite upright porous plate. The dimensionless domain equations are solved analytically using the perturbation technique for two distinct scenarios: (a) small suction and (b) large suction. The effects of various crucial parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration, as well as on the skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number are graphically illustrated, and the subsequent discussion is rooted on the derived outcomes. Graphical representations were created utilizing MATLAB software. The results suggest that an increase in the Soret effect elevates both the momentum and concentration boundary layers while reducing the mass transfer rate, regardless of the suction intensity. Our research also identified a captivating result where fluid velocity escalates with higher magnetic values in the scenario of large suction, while it demonstrates contrasting behavior under small suction condition. The present investigation holds significant relevance across various industrial sectors, including uranium enrichment, petrology, petroleum reservoirs, polymer fractionation, among others.
Thermo‐Solutal Nonlinear Convection in a Nanofluid Flow Past a Porous Plate in the Presence of Heat Generation/Absorption
Authors: Dey Sudip , Mukhopadhyay Swati , Vajravelu Kuppalapalle
Published: November 2024

The aim of the present study is to analyze the effects of thermo‐solutal nonlinear convection in a nanofluid flow past a vertical permeable plate in the presence of heat generation/absorption and a first‐order chemical reaction. The effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis have been included in this study. By using similarity transformations, the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained from the governing partial differential equations (PDEs). Then by using a Runge‐Kutta (R‐K) method coupled with a shooting technique, numerical solutions are obtained. The effects of the relevant physical parameters on the velocity, the temperature, and the nanoparticle volume fraction are analyzed. When the magnitude of the thermal buoyancy parameter and solutal buoyancy parameter increase, the fluid velocity initially rises rapidly and then diminishes. But the temperature and concentration fields reduce. Near the plate, the fluid velocity is found to enhance with increasing values of the thermo‐quadratic convection parameter as well as with the rising values of the solutal‐quadratic convection parameter. However, both the temperature and the nanoparticle volume fraction reduce. The results of this study are interesting and motivating for further investigations on the problem for different situations and with different geometries.
Simulation of Magnetic Field Effects on Heat and Mass Transfer in a Porous Spline Half‐Cylinder Using ANN and ISPH Approaches
Authors: Alotaibi Munirah Aali , Alhejaili Weaam , Almalki Samiyah , Aly Abdelraheem M.
Published: November 2024

This study utilizes Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Incompressible Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (ISPH) simulations to explore the effects of magnetic fields on heat and mass transfer in a porous spline half‐cylinder filled with Nano‐Encapsulated Phase Change Material (NEPCM). Simulations were conducted over a range of physical parameters: buoyancy ratio () from −2 to 2, Darcy number () from 10−5 to 10−2, Hartmann number () from 0 to 50, Rayleigh number (Ra) from 103 to 106, and fusion temperature from 0.05 to 0.9. The results demonstrate that increasing the Ha reduces heat transfer efficiency by up to 15%, as the magnetic field stabilizes fluid flow and enhances conduction. Conversely, increasing the Ra improves heat transfer efficiency by approximately 25% due to enhanced convection and mixing. The buoyancy ratio significantly influences fluid flow, with higher values favoring concentration‐driven buoyancy, while lower values enhance temperature‐driven convection. The Da affects permeability, with higher values promoting convective heat transfer and dynamic flow, whereas lower values result in stable, conductive heat transfer. Fusion temperature impacts phase change behavior, affecting heat capacity and flow dynamics through latent heat absorption. These insights underscore the critical role of optimizing these parameters to enhance performance in applications such as thermal energy storage and industrial processes involving phase change materials.
Forecasting Digital Asset Return: An Application of Machine Learning Model
Authors: Ciciretti Vito , Pallotta Alberto , Lodh Suman , Senyo P. K. , Nandy Monomita
Published: November 2024

In this study, we aim to identify the machine learning model that can overcome the limitations of traditional statistical modelling techniques in forecasting Bitcoin prices. Also, we outline the necessary conditions that make the model suitable. We draw on a multivariate large data set of Bitcoin prices and its market microstructure variables and apply three machine learning models, namely double deep Q‐learning, XGBoost and ARFIMA‐GARCH. The findings show that the double deep Q‐learning model outperforms the others in terms of returns and Sortino ratio and is capable of one‐step‐ahead sign forecast of the returns even on synthetic data. These critical insights in forecasting literature will support practitioners and regulators to identify an economically viable cryptocurrency forecasting return model.
Advances in the Construction and Application of Bone‐on‐a‐Chip Based on Microfluidic Technologies
Authors: Zhong Chang , Tang Zihui , Yu Xin , Wang Lu , Ren Chenyuan , Qin Liying , Zhou Ping
Published: November 2024

Bone‐on‐a‐chip (BOC) models that based on microfluidic technology have widely applied to understand bone physiology and the pathogenesis of related diseases. In this review, we provide an overview of bone biology and related diseases, explain the advantages and applications of microfluidic technology in the construction of BOC models, and summarize their progress in physiology, pathology, and drug development. Finally, we discussed the problems to be solved and the future directions of microfluidic technology and BOC platforms, so as to provide a reference for researchers to design better BOC models.
Data Breach Notification Laws and Corporate Tax Planning
Authors: Zhu Yicheng
Published: November 2024

This study explores the impact of data breaches on corporate tax planning in the United States. The results reveal that when a firm's headquarter is located in a state that has adopted a data breach notification (DBN) law, there is a significant 3.8% decrease in the long‐term effective tax rate. This reduction translates to annual tax savings of approximately $8.13 million. Furthermore, tax sheltering is found to decrease by 19.17% compared to the sample average. These effects are particularly pronounced in financially constrained firms and those operating in high‐tech industries. The findings suggest that after the introduction of mandatory data breach disclosure requirements, firms are less inclined to engage in aggressive tax avoidance practices, which could otherwise lead to increased litigation costs. Instead, they prioritize efficient tax planning strategies to improve after‐tax cash flows.
Distinctive Gait Variations and Neuroimaging Correlates in Alzheimer's Disease and Cerebral Small Vessel Disease
Authors: Zhou Xia , Yin Wen‐Wen , Huang Chao‐Juan , Sun Si‐Lu , Li Zhi‐Wei , Li Ming‐Xu , Ren Meng‐Meng , Tang Ya‐Ting , Yin Jia‐Bin , Zheng Wen‐Hui , Zhang Chao , Song Yu , Wan Ke , Sun Yue , Zhu Xiao‐Qun , Sun Zhong‐Wu
Published: November 2024

Background

Both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) manifest in cognitive impairment and gait disorders. The precise similarities and differences in gait characteristics and underlying neuroimaging mechanisms remain unclear.

Methods

A total of 399 participants were enrolled: 132 with probable AD, including 98 with mild cognitive impairment due to AD (AD‐MCI) and 34 with AD dementia, and 185 with CSVD and 82 healthy controls. CSVD patients with cognitive impairment, including subcortical vascular mild cognitive impairment (svMCI) and subcortical vascular dementia, were grouped as subcortical vascular cognitive impairment (SVCI). Voxel‐based morphology analysis assessed grey matter volume (GMV), while cerebral blood flow (CBF) was derived from 3D‐arterial spin labelling data. Gait metrics included the timed up and go (TUG) test, dual‐task TUG (DTUG) test, Berg balance scale (BBS), dual‐task cost (DTC), step length, gait speed, cadence and coefficient of variation of gait. The relationships among structural and perfusion variations, gait metrics and cognitive function were examined.

Results

SVCI patients exhibited greater gait impairments and variability than those with AD, while AD patients experienced higher DTC (p < 0.05). These differences were most evident in the MCI stage. In AD, gait speed correlated with GMV in the left middle occipital gyrus (F = 6.149), middle temporal gyrus (F = 4.595), right precuneus (F = 5.174) and other regions (all p < 0.025). In SVCI, gait speed was linked to thalamic GMV (F = 6.004, p < 0.025). Altered CBF in the parietal lobe and precuneus was associated with DTUG (F = 5.672), gait speed (F = 4.347) and BBS (F = 4.153) in AD, while cerebellar CBF related to TUG (F = 6.042), DTUG (F = 4.857) and BBS (F = 7.097) in SVCI (all p < 0.025). In AD‐MCI, memory mediated the effect of hippocampal volume on DTC (indirect effect: −2.432, 95% CI [−5.503, −0.438]), while executive function (indirect effect: −2.920, 95% CI [−7.227, −0.695]) and processing speed (indirect effect: −2.286, 95% CI [−5.174, −0.484]) mediated the effect on DTUG. In svMCI, executive function mediated the effect of thalamic volume on step length (indirect effect: 2.309, 95% CI [0.486, 4.685]) and gait speed (indirect effect: 2.029, 95% CI [0.142, 4.588]), while processing speed mediated the effect on step length (indirect effect: 1.777, 95% CI [0.311, 4.021]).

Conclusions

Different gait disorder characteristics and mechanisms were observed in AD and CSVD patients. In AD, gait is associated with volume/perfusion in posterior brain regions, whereas in SVCI, it relates to thalamic volume and cerebellar perfusion. Cognitive impairment mediates the effect of hippocampal and thalamic volumes on gait in AD‐MCI and svMCI, respectively.
Reduction of oil absorption and acrylamide content in banana slices by infrared frying
Authors: Su Ya , Sun Menglin , Chen Ying , Azam S. M. Roknul , Liu Zhenbin , Zheng Tiesong
Published: November 2024

Background

The crust characteristics of fried crisps determine their oil absorption. Starch structures, as the main components of fried starchy fruits and vegetables, influence their crust formation and properties. This study investigated the reduction of oil uptake and acrylamide content in infrared‐fried (IF) banana slices by modifying starch structures at varying infrared power levels.

Results

Infrared heating improved heat transfer and surface moisture removal in fried banana slices. It facilitated crust formation in the IF samples and produced increased crust uniformity, crust ratio, and hardness. Analysis of the porous properties showed that the volume fraction of pores sized 100–250 μm was reduced in IF samples but the proportion of pores with a diameter ranging from 0.02 to 10 μm was increased. Infrared frying reduced the total oil uptake, surface oil, and structural oil content in banana slices, and each of these measures decreased as infrared power levels increased. Characterization of the starch structures suggested that the damage to the crystalline structure was increased in IF samples and more starch‐lipid complexes were generated, which would be responsible for the formation of a denser and thicker crust. The acrylamide content in the IF sample was reduced, as determined by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS).

Conclusion

Modifications to starch structures (crystalline structures and chemical structures) play a crucial role in oil absorption in fried starchy fruits and vegetables. Infrared frying can be used as an alternative method to produce low‐fat fruits and vegetable crisps with reduced acrylamide content. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Challenges and outcomes of airway surgery in a post‐war low‐resource setting: A case series from Mekelle, Ethiopia
Authors: Eyassu Daniel G. , Candelo Estephania , Asgedom Brhanu H. , Wallerius Katherine P. , Twardus Shaina W. , Niermeyer Weston L. , Green Katerina J. , Athni Tejas S. , Wiedermann Joshua P.
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study aims to document and analyze the challenges and outcomes of performing complex airway surgery in a low‐resource, post‐war setting in Mekelle, Ethiopia.

Methods

This prospective case series examines clinical data from five patients who underwent airway reconstruction surgeries and one patient who underwent total laryngectomy at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle. Data included patient demographics, airway stenosis etiology and severity, operative details, postoperative outcomes, complications, and hospital length of stay. Ethical approval was obtained from institutional review boards at Mayo Clinic and Mekelle University.

Results

The study included six patients aged 9–62 years, with surgeries comprising three cricotracheal resections, two tracheal resections, and one laryngectomy. Three reconstructions were for war‐related injuries. Challenges included power outages during surgeries, limitations in medical supplies and equipment, and inadequate perioperative care. Despite these, three patients requiring tracheostomies were successfully decannulated within a year. However, complications such as restenosis, infections, and the need for reintubation were common.

Conclusion

Airway surgeries in a low‐resource, post‐war setting face significant hurdles, including perioperative care quality, resource limitations, and infrastructure issues. Successful outcomes require multidisciplinary training tailored to local contexts, investments in hospital infrastructure and reliable electricity, and proper perioperative nutrition. This study highlights the need for comprehensive interventions to improve surgical care in such settings.

Level of evidence: IV.
The Academic Community Early Psychosis Intervention Network: Toward building a novel learning health system across six US states
Authors: Vohs Jenifer L. , Srihari Vinod , Vinson Alexandra H. , Lapidos Adrienne , Cahill John , Taylor Stephan F. , Heckers Stephan , Weiss Ashley , Chaudhry Serena , Silverstein Steve , Tso Ivy F. , Breitborde Nicholas J. K. , Breier Alan
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Compared to usual care, specialty services for first‐episode psychosis (FES) have superior patient outcomes. The Early Psychosis Intervention Network (EPINET), comprised of eight U.S. regional clinical networks, aims to advance the quality of FES care within the ethos of learning healthcare systems (LHS). Among these, the Academic Community (AC) EPINET was established to provide FES care, collect common data elements, leverage informatics, foster a culture of continuous learning and quality improvement, and engage in practice‐based research.

Methods

We designed and implemented a novel LHS of university‐affiliated FES programs within a hub (academic leadership team) and spoke (FES clinics) model. A series of site implementation meetings engaged stakeholders, setting the stage for a culture that values data collection and shared learning. We built clinical workflows to collect common data elements at enrollment and at consecutive 6‐month intervals in parallel to an informatics workflow to deliver outcome visualizations and drive quality improvement efforts.

Results

All six clinical sites successfully implemented data capture workflows and engaged in the process of designing the informatics platform. Upon developing the structure, processes, and initial culture of the LHS, a total of 614 patients enrolled in AC‐EPINET, with the most common primary diagnoses of schizophrenia (32.1%) and unspecified psychotic disorders (23.6%). Visualized outcomes were delivered to clinical teams who began to consider locally relevant quality improvement projects.

Conclusions

AC‐EPINET is a novel LHS, with a simultaneous focus on science, informatics, incentives, and culture. The work of developing AC‐EPINET thus far has highlighted the need for future LHS’ to be mindful of the complexities of data security issues, develop more automated informatic workflows, resource quality assurance efforts, and attend to building the cultural infrastructure with the input of all stakeholders.
Isoselective Polymerization of 1‐Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and a Terpene Derived Monomer S‐4‐Isopropenyl‐1‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene (IVC), and Its Binary Copolymerization with Linear Terpenes
Authors: Grimaldi Ilaria , D'Amato Assunta , Gambardella Mariarosaria C. , Buonerba Antonio , Marzocchi Raffaele , Auriemma Finizia , Capacchione Carmine
Published: November 2024

The advancement of stereoregular polymerization techniques for linear 1,3‐dienes has enabled the production of polymers with precise stereocontrol, influencing their physical and chemical properties significantly. While 1,3‐butadiene and isoprene yield diverse stereoregular polymers, cyclic dienes have received less attention due to catalyst challenges and limited application in the rubber industry. However, the growing interest in bio‐based monomers, particularly those derived from terpenes and terpenoids, has revitalized interest in cyclic monomers with conjugated double bonds. This study investigates 1‐vinylcyclohexene (VCH) polymerization using [OSSO]‐type titanium complexes 1–2, revealing significant regio‐ and stereoselectivity. Catalyst 2, incorporating cumyl substituents, demonstrates superior performance, yielding highly isotactic poly(VCH) with 3,4‐insertion predominance. It is also shown that the polymerization of S‐4‐isopropenyl‐1‐vinyl‐1‐cyclohexene (IVC), a bio‐based monomer, results in a highly isotactic polymer. Finally, the copolymerization results of IVC with two linear terpenes to obtain copolymers derived entirely from renewable sources are also reported.
Effects of Preoperative Hemoglobin on Microsurgical Reconstruction and Perioperative Blood Transfusion Requirement: A Meta‐Analysis and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Manasyan Artur , Stanton Eloise W. , Roohani Idean , Boudiab Elizabeth , Koesters Emma , Daar David A.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Although blood loss in microsurgical reconstruction is rarely large enough to be life‐threatening, preoperative anemia can be a particular issue in terms of postoperative morbidity, impaired wound healing, and compromised tissue viability. We seek to review the effect of preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) levels on perioperative blood transfusion (PBT) requirements and complications to guide management of patients with preexisting anemia undergoing reconstruction.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, and Scopus were queried for relevant articles. Inclusion criteria were as follows: original studies investigating outcomes and PBT requirements in flap‐based reconstruction based on preoperative Hgb levels. Patient and study characteristics were analyzed using descriptive statistics. A meta‐analysis was conducted to assess transfusion requirements across the included studies using Stata (version 18.0 Stata Corp, College Station, Texas, USA). The Fisher method was used to aggregate individual study p values into a single combined value to statistically assess the combined findings, where a p value of < 0.05 was set as statistically significant.

Results

One thousand three hundred and eighty‐nine studies were screened for title and abstract relevance, 14 of which met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 61,116 patients. Meta‐analysis of the studies revealed a PBT requirement of 36.2% for anemic individuals, significantly higher than the 20.0% for those with normal preoperative Hgb levels (p < 0.001), with an average 4.9 versus 2.4 units of packed red blood cells being transfused (p < 0.001). The majority of studies concluded that preoperative anemia was associated with medical complications, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, and infection (p < 0.001). While six studies reported a significant relationship between low preoperative Hgb and flap morbidity (flap loss and partial flap necrosis), two studies found no correlation. The overall postoperative complication rate across the studies was 42.2% among patients with low preoperative Hgb levels, whereas the nonanemic group demonstrated a markedly lower rate of 13.9% (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The existing evidence is strongly suggestive of increased PBT requirement in patients with anemia, highlighting the necessity for preoperative optimization of Hgb levels and intraoperative monitoring. While preliminary evidence demonstrates a relationship between anemia and medical complications, more research is warranted to characterize the specific association between preoperative Hgb levels and flap morbidity.
Estimating Meaningful Differences in Measures of Neuropathic Impairment, Health‐Related Quality of Life, and Nutritional Status in Patients With Hereditary Transthyretin Amyloidosis
Authors: Folkvaljon Folke , Gertz Morie , Gillmore Julian D. , Khella Sami , Masri Ahmad , Maurer Mathew S. , Cruz Márcia Waddington , Wixner Jonas , Chen Jersey , Reicher Barry , Kwoh Jesse , Yarlas Aaron , Berk John L.
Published: November 2024

Introduction/Aims

The degree of change in neuropathic impairment and quality of life (QoL) that is clinically meaningful to patients with hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis with polyneuropathy (ATTRv‐PN) is not established. This study aimed to estimate the magnitude of treatment differences that are meaningful to patients in measures of neuropathy and QoL and to determine whether eplontersen achieved a meaningful improvement versus placebo.

Methods

Data from the NEURO‐TTRansform trial on patients with ATTRv‐PN treated with eplontersen (n = 141) or historical placebo (n = 59) were used. Anchor‐based approaches were used to estimate thresholds for meaningful differences in the modified Neuropathy Impairment Score +7 (mNIS+7) composite score, Norfolk QoL‐Diabetic Neuropathy (Norfolk QoL‐DN) total score, Neuropathy Symptoms and Change (NSC) total score, and modified body mass index (mBMI). Differences between the least squares means of the treatment groups were analyzed.

Results

Meaningful improvement in mNIS+7 was estimated as −4.0 points and deterioration as 1.8 points. The estimated ranges of meaningful improvement and deterioration in Norfolk QoL‐DN were −12.8 to −4.0 points, and 5.9 to 14.7 points, respectively. For NSC, ranges were −2.4 to −1.3 points for meaningful improvement, and 0.6 to 5.8 points for deterioration. The estimated meaningful improvement in mBMI was 9.8 kg/m2 × g/L and deterioration was −40.9 kg/m2 × g/L. Improvements in each measure with eplontersen versus placebo were greater than the estimates of meaningful differences.

Discussion

Eplontersen demonstrated a clinically meaningful effect on neuropathic impairment, QoL, and nutritional status. Such estimates have implications for clinical practice and trials.
Underneath the Surface: Examining “Hidden Lesions” With Paleoimaging at Moita do Sebastião, Mesolithic Muge, Portugal
Authors: Coutinho Nogueira Dany , Ramos Gaspar Rosa , Carreiro Inês , Godinho Ricardo Miguel , Umbelino Cláudia
Published: November 2024

Discovered 160 years ago, the Muge archaeological sites in Portugal yield the most significant documentation of human skeletons from the Mesolithic period in Western Europe (8200–7100 cal B.P.). However, sediment weight has caused significant postmortem alterations that have limited previous studies. Paleoimaging techniques were applied to overcome these limitations and provide previously inaccessible information. Thirteen crania from Moita do Sebastião (one of the Muge shell middens) were CT scanned for virtual reconstruction and morphological analysis. Meticulous examination of 2D and 3D images revealed bone changes not visible to the naked eye and unrelated to postmortem alterations. A comprehensive differential diagnosis was carried out identifying various pathological conditions including epidermoid or dermoid cysts, intraosseous hemangioma, and a possible case of anemia. These “hidden pathologies” offer new insights into the health status of one of Europe's last hunter–gatherer populations.
Impact of the Lead‐Free Crystal Matrix 0.94NBaTiO3‐0.06SrTiO3 on the Photoluminescence Properties of Eu+3
Authors: Rao Paritala Raghava , Raju V. , N Giridhar Babu , Srikanth B. , Kiran G. Bhanu , Pushpalatha Kavuluri , Gudiguntla Ravi , Juvvala Simhadri Raju , Babu A. Chitti , Ramesh Babu N. Ch.
Published: November 2024

The investigation reveals that the crystal field environment induces photoluminescence in Eu3+. These synthesized materials hold promise for a wide array of commercial applications, particularly in the light emitting diode industry, representing a significant advancement for the current generation of technology. The lead‐free electroceramics 0.94NB1−xEuxTiO3‐0.06SrTiO3 (x = 0 and x = 0.1) are fabricated using the conventional solid‐state reaction technique. Within these ceramics, both rhombohedral (R3c) and tetragonal (P4mm) structural phases coexist. The structural conformation and fluctuations in average grain size indicate the successful substitution of Eu3+ in 0.94NB1−xTiO3‐0.06SrTiO3 (x = 0). The incorporation of Eu3+ ions into the host matrix induces a long‐range ferroelectric state, marked by a rhombohedral (R3c) distortion, alongside enhanced tetragonal (P4mm) features. This structural modification results from the interaction between the Eu3+ ions and the host lattice, which fosters the emergence of a ferroelectric polarization. The coexistence of rhombohedral and tetragonal symmetries suggests a complex interplay of phases that collectively enhance the material's ferroelectric properties, potentially offering new avenues for applications in electronic and optical devices. Notably, compared to 0.94NB1−xEuxTiO3‐0.06SrTiO3 with (x = 0), the coercive field (Ec) significantly improves, while remanent polarization decreases in the presence of Eu3+. The domain orientation, particularly in Stage‐C, demonstrates a pronounced scaling behavior, which can be attributed to the crystal field surrounding the Eu3+ ions. This interaction influences the material's domain dynamics, enhancing its electromechanical properties. As a result, both of these lead‐free ceramics exhibit considerable potential for future electroceramic applications, offering a promising alternative in environmentally sustainable technologies.
Molybdenum Induced Modifications in the Quantum Capacitance of Graphene‐Based Supercapacitor Electrodes: First‐Principle Calculations
Authors: Ansi David , Martin Henry , Labik Linus K. , Yaya Abu , Elloh Van W. , Abavare Eric K. K.
Published: November 2024

Herein, spin‐polarized calculation is performed based on density‐functional theory in the frame of generalized gradient approximation to examine the quantum capacitance (CQ) and surface charge storage of graphene(G)‐based supercapacitor electrodes modified with molybdenum, sulfur, nitrogen, and monovacancy. In total, 15 electrode models, including graphitic doping, monovacancy doping, and Mo adsorption on pristine and single‐vacancy graphene structures are analyzed. In the results, it is demonstrated that vacancy defects and N/S/Mo doping enhances the CQ of graphene. Among all configurations, pyrrolic‐S (d1S) shows the lowest CQ performance due to few states at the Fermi level. Electrodes with Mo adsorption exhibit the highest CQ, particularly when Mo is adsorbed at the top site of graphene. However, formation and adsorption energy calculations suggest that Mo is more likely to adsorb at hollow sites. Optimally, Mo can be most effectively utilized by loading it onto vacancy or N/S‐decorated vacancy sites. The significant contribution of Mo's 4dz2 and 4s states to CQ, along with the charge‐redistribution around the Mo complexes, may facilitate proton‐coupled electron transfer to enhance pseudocapacitance. In these findings, valuable insights into designing high quantum capacitance of 2D materials with electroactive sites for improved energy storage are offered.
Potential Bias Models With Bayesian Shrinkage Priors for Dynamic Borrowing of Multiple Historical Control Data
Authors: Ohigashi Tomohiro , Maruo Kazushi , Sozu Takashi , Sawamoto Ryo , Gosho Masahiko
Published: November 2024

When multiple historical controls are available, it is necessary to consider the conflicts between current and historical controls and the relationships among historical controls. One of the assumptions concerning the relationships between the parameters of interest of current and historical controls is known as the “Potential biases.” Within the “Potential biases” assumption, the differences between the parameters of interest of the current control and of each historical control are defined as “potential bias parameters.” We define a class of models called “potential biases model” that encompass several existing methods, including the commensurate prior. The potential bias model incorporates homogeneous historical controls by shrinking the potential bias parameters to zero. In scenarios where multiple historical controls are available, a method that uses a horseshoe prior was proposed. However, various other shrinkage priors are also available. In this study, we propose methods that apply spike‐and‐slab, Dirichlet–Laplace, and spike‐and‐slab lasso priors to the potential bias model. We conduct a simulation study and analyze clinical trial examples to compare the performances of the proposed and existing methods. The horseshoe prior and the three other priors make the strongest use of historical controls in the absence of heterogeneous historical controls and reduce the influence of heterogeneous historical controls in the presence of a few historical controls. Among these four priors, the spike‐and‐slab prior performed the best for heterogeneous historical controls.
AutoMine: A Multimodal Dataset for Robot Navigation in Open‐Pit Mines
Authors: Li Yuchen , Teng Siyu , Wang Junhui , Ai Yunfeng , Tian Bin , Xuanyuan Zhe , Bing Zhenshan , Knoll Alois C. , Wang Fei‐Yue , Chen Long
Published: November 2024

In the past decade, autonomous driving has witnessed significant advancements, largely attributable to the evolution of precise algorithms and efficient computing platforms. Nevertheless, the open‐pit mine, a typical scenario within closed‐field environments, has garnered limited attention in autonomous driving, primarily owing to the scarcity of data and experimental benchmarks. This work presents original data collected from five platforms, comprising one passenger vehicle, three wide‐body trucks, and one mining truck, across eight different mining sites. We provide a comprehensive elucidation of platform types, sensors, calibration methodologies, synchronization techniques, data collection approaches, and a thorough analysis of the data characteristics. In addition, we offer a detailed benchmark comparison of short and long odometry and navigation performance across multiple vehicles in open‐pit mines. With comprehensive data characteristics, experimental performance evaluations, and thorough analysis, we believe that this work establishes a robust research foundation for navigation and fusion methods in open‐pit mines, thereby constituting a significant contribution to the autonomous driving and field robotics communities.
How social and environmental investments attract and repel foreign investors: Insights on shareholder and stakeholder engagement
Authors: Khan Talat Mehmood , Zhu Naiping
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the diversifying impact of social and environmental investment (SEI) to attract and repel foreign investors (FIs) while determining to invest in environmental friendly firms. By analyzing SEI strategies within the Chinese context and employing panel data regression analysis, this study reveals numerous major insights. First, firms implementing average SEI strategies tend to attract greater investments from FI. On the other hand, above average SEI do not yield similar benefits, indicating that over‐investments in social and environmental projects could repel potential investors, and result in a transfer of wealth from shareholders to stakeholders. Furthermore, the present study reveals that firm performance strengthens the positive association between average SEI and FI. Finally, this study finds that the negative relationship between above‐average SEI and FI is intensified when firm performance is considered as a moderating factor. These insights are crucial for policymakers in formulating strategies to enhance foreign investments.