bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Work Values: A Gender Comparison and Implications for Practice
Authors: Mason E. Sharon
Published: August 2011

The work values of 7,629 managerial and clerical women and men across various industries in the United States were explored. The groups' patterns or rankings of values indicated an over-all lack of similarity among the four groups. Clerical women and men were the least similar to each other while the value patterns of managerial men and women approached similarity. Surprisingly, being treated with respect in the workplace was of paramount importance to both clerical and managerial women. Managerial women also ranked working for a supervisor whom they respect at the top of their value hierarchy.
Ranking of Romantic Acts by an Australian Sample
Authors: Hong Sung-Mook , Faedda Salvatora
Published: August 2011

A total of 476 university students and 732 nonuniversity students from Sydney, Australia were examined, for both sexes, on differences in ranking acts of romance by their importance. Comparisons between men and women and between university and nonuniversity students showed no significant differences. An interesting finding was that “making love” was ranked the most important romantic act by men and fifth by women.
Relationship between Neuroleptic Dose and Positive and Negative Symptoms
Authors: Johnson Patrick B. , Opler Lewis A. , Ramirez Paul M. , Malgady Robert
Published: August 2011

The present study explored possible connections between neuroleptic dose and the positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenic patients. Zero-order correlations between medication dose as measured in CPZ equivalent units and standardized assessments of positive (hallucinations, delusions) and negative (blunted affect, poor rapport) symptoms were carried out on 28 hospitalized schizophrenics. While dose was positively related to over-all negative symptom scores as well as specific negative symptoms, no relation was found with positive scores. The discussion focused on the possibility that negative symptoms might represent medication-induced side effects and the need for further research.
Comparative Study of Maternal and Paternal Disciplinary Strategies
Authors: Hart Craig H. , Robinson Clyde C.
Published: August 2011

Parents (109 mothers, 109 fathers) of 109 middle-class preschool-age children were interviewed separately in individual taperecorded home interviews to assess whether either parent was prone to use assertion of power or inductive reasoning as disciplinary strategies. Fathers reported using more power-assertive disciplining strategies with their preschool-age children than mothers.
Wearing Baseball-Type Caps: An Informal Look
Authors: Trinkaus John
Published: August 2011

To gather some idea of the extent of the practice of wearing baseball-type caps with the peak in back, informal observations were conducted in the downtown area of a large city and on two college campuses. Analysis showed that, in the downtown area as well as at the college located in that area, about 40% of cap wearers had the peak to the rear, but at the other college situated in an outer borough of the city, the percentage was approximately 10%.
Israeli Teachers' Opinions about the Ideal Shape of Grade Distribution
Authors: Moore Michael
Published: August 2011

Out of 227 Israeli teachers only about 2% thought that ideally every student should receive a high grade on a teacher-made test 45% thought that the ideal grade distribution is symmetrical. Motivational consequences of various grading policies are discussed.
Using Organizational Stories for the Diagnostic Phase of Planned Change: Some Possibilities and Precautions
Authors: Covin Teresa Joyce , Kilmann Ralph H. , Kilmann Ines
Published: August 2011

Storytelling has often been presented as one way of assessing the subjective, hard-to-measure variables that affect organizational success such as corporate culture and group norms. The content of organizational stories, however, can provide valuable information concerning both the informal and formal organization. As such, stories can be used much more broadly—and practically—than has been reported previously. In particular, during the diagnostic phase of planned change, stories can be gathered via individual interviews, group interviews, structured questionnaires, observation, unobtrusive methods, and story creation. Moreover, stories gathered by these methods—especially when coupled with other forms of diagnostic information—may result in a deeper understanding of the organization's problems and opportunities that subsequently can be addressed by a program of planned change. This article discusses the strengths and weaknesses of different methods for collecting story data, considers how stories can be interpreted and presented to the organization, and offers several precautions for using story data during an organizational diagnosis.
Raising Young Children: Parental Perceptions
Authors: Platz Donald L. , Pupp Ronald P. , Fox Robert A.
Published: August 2011

Parents' perceptions of raising young children were examined using the Parent Behavior Checklist. The sample included 44 married couples with children between one and four years of age. Parents completed the checklist twice, first based on how each parent was raising one own child and second based on how each perceived the spouse was raising the same child. The results indicated that fathers and mothers had similar developmental expectations for their young children. Fathers tended to be more disciplinarian and mothers more nurturing. Mothers perceived fathers as having higher expectations than did fathers, and fathers perceived mothers as more disciplinarian than did mothers. Correlation coefficients computed to assess agreement between mothers' and fathers' perceptions of their parenting averaged .68, which is comparable to those found for other rating scales completed by parents. Implications are discussed.
Use of Colons in Titles and Journal Status in Industrial Relations Journals
Authors: Michelson Grant
Published: August 2011

Dillon in 1981 argued that the presence of a colon in the title of an article is an indicator of scholarship. The present study extended this work by examining the relationship between use of colons and journal status. Unfortunately, Dillon's hypothesis provided little guidance in predicting a likely direction. When 7 journals from industrial relations were examined between 1980 and 1991, a significant inverse association was noted for use of colons in titles and journal status.
Preschool Children's Seriation of Pain Faces and Happy Faces in the Affective Facial Scale
Authors: Shih Alicia R. , von Baeyer Carl L.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to assess the extent to which use by preschoolers of the 1985 Affective Facial Scale by McGrath, et al. is associated with seriation ability and also to examine the number of different distressed and happy facial expressions which can be discriminated and ordered by this age group. 20 boys and 20 girls (mean age 4½ yr.) were recruited from daycare centers. Participants were taught and tested on seriation using a task which required them to rank-order nine circles ranging from white to black through grey. Then they rank-ordered the nine faces of the Affective Facial Scale. While 39 out of 40 children successfully sorted happy from distressed faces, the present sample was less accurate in distinguishing levels of affect than the older children in the normative sample tested by McGrath, et al. The present participants discriminated only five different levels of facial expression among the nine pictures. Accuracy in rank-ordering the faces was not associated with gender or with performance on the seriation task. Implications for clinical measurement of pain in preschool children are discussed.
Associations between Personality and Stress Reactions during and after Invasion of Kuwait
Authors: Torki Mostafa A.
Published: August 2011

Correlations between the personality dimensions of extraversion and neuroticism and symptoms of stress reaction during and after the invasion of Kuwait were investigated. An Arabic version of the Eysenck Personality Inventory and a Stress Reactions Checklist were administered to 503 undergraduate Kuwaiti students (225 men and 278 women). Analysis showed no correlation between scores on Extraversion and stress reactions for men and women during and after the invasion and a high positive correlation between scores on Neuroticism and stress reactions for men and women during and after the invasion. These findings were discussed in terms of arousal theory and previous research.
Self-Defeating Personality, Depression, and Pleasure from Activities
Authors: Schill Thomas , Sharp Michelle
Published: August 2011

Prior research has shown people who scored high on a measure of self-defeating personality experienced less pleasure from various activities and accomplishments. The present research replicated the initial study with 55 men and 60 women, while controlling for the effects of depression. Analyses indicated that, while depression and self-defeating personality were related, depression was not the entire answer for why people with self-defeating personality derive less pleasure from activities.
The Joiners' Scale: Validation of a Measure of Social-Complexity
Authors: Wann Daniel L. , Hamlet Michael A.
Published: August 2011

This report concerns the validation of a questionnaire designed to assess social-complexity or the extent to which individuals attempt to join and maintain memberships in a number of diverse groups. Three studies ( ns of 118, 63, and 125) attest to the single-factor instrument's internal consistency, test-retest reliability, and validity. In addition, higher scores on the joiners' social-complexity measure were significantly correlated with positive scores on several measures of psychological adjustment. Suggestions for use of the instrument are provided.
Note on the PTSD-S Scale of the MMPI
Authors: Sinnett E. Robert
Published: August 2011

Although PTSD-S was developed in 1987, it was evolved using the MMPI-2. The 53-item subset for the MMPI is presented in tabular form.
Shock-Induced Analgesia in the Cockroach (Periplaneta Americana)
Authors: Brown Gary E. , Anderson Cathy L. , Scruggs Jennifer L.
Published: August 2011

For 3 consecutive days cockroaches ( Periplaneta americana) received escapable, inescapable, or no shock in an escape task. 24 hr. later minimum shock which initiated movement was identified. Reliably higher shocks were needed to initiate movement in the inescapably shocked roaches. In a second experiment the analgesia induced by inescapable shock was blocked by the opiate antagonist naloxone. The results are discussed in relation to the escape deficit and analgesia commonly seen following exposure to inescapable shock in a variety of species.
Insomnia and Styles of Parental Authority in College Students
Authors: Brassington Glenn S.
Published: August 2011

This study explored the hypothesis that styles of parental authority are related to insomnia in college students. To do this, I asked a large group of university students ( N = 757) to respond to a questionnaire that included the items of Buri's Parental Authority Questionnaire and the Coren Insomnia Scale. Analysis suggested that more strict and uncompromising discipline engaged in by authoritarian parents was associated with higher insomnia in young adults, while the firm though flexible and warm discipline associated with the authoritative parents was associated with less insomnia. Further, as fathers' permissiveness increased, insomnia decreased, while mothers' permissiveness seemed to be unrelated to insomnia.
Attachment to Feline Companions
Authors: Zasloff Ruth L. , Kidd Aline H.
Published: August 2011

A sample of 100 adult cat owners participated in a mail survey designed to investigate various aspects of attachment to feline companions. 54 respondents were members of a nationwide computer cat club and 46 were attenders at a cat show in Anaheim, California. 92% of respondents reported preferring cats to all other pets citing ease of care, affection and companionship, and personality as the main reasons. A mean self-rated attachment score of 9.3 on a 10-point scale was obtained. Positive characteristics of the cat were associated with attachment, and the presence of certain problem behaviors did not affect that attachment. Comparisons of the benefits of feline and human companionship showed that affection and unconditional love were the primary benefits of the human-cat relationship, and verbal communication was the primary benefit of the human-human relationship. The findings indicate that, although not a replacement for human contact, feline companions can be a very important source of pleasure and emotional comfort for their owners.
Self-Actualization in Gifted Children
Authors: Lewis Joan D.
Published: August 2011

Scores on self-actualization of 131 gifted students in Grades 4 through 8 were investigated using the Reflections of Self By Youth (ROSY) and the Maslowian Scale. Analysis of covariance indicated grade and gender were not significant effects in the various scores, and there was no interaction between grade and gender using scores on the ROSY. Means for students in Grade 8 were significantly higher than those for Grade 4 only on the Maslowian Scale-Psychological. Boys in Grade 4 scored significantly higher than girls on the Fundamentals and Total score. The ROSY and Maslowian Scale scores were significantly correlated ( R2 = .21).
Social Risk Factors in Schizophrenia
Authors: Weyerer Siegfried
Published: August 2011

In analyzing the relationship between social factors and schizophrenia one can distinguish two research strategies. Studies can focus on individual differences or the aggregate level. Several investigations indicate that social factors, e.g., low socioeconomic status, single status, ethnic group, are significantly associated with the prevalence of schizophrenia. To explain this relationship most investigators favor the hypothesis of social selection rather than a social causation. This view is also supported by an ecological study of the incidence of psychiatrically treated schizophrenic disorders in the city of Mannheim.
Taxable Wealth and Alcoholic Beverage Consumption in the United States
Authors: Young Thomas J. , French Laurence A.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of secondary data of the United States yielded significant but small Pearson correlation coefficients between taxable wealth and per capita consumption of wine ( r = .26), beer ( r = .40), and distilled spirits ( r = .30).
Personality Traits Associated with Fear
Authors: Chisholm Drake C. , Hurley John D.
Published: August 2011

The extent to which personality characteristics are associated with fear was investigated. The amount of fear and the attributional style of 91 college students (74 women, 17 men) were measured using the Fear Questionnaire, the Fear Survey Schedule, and the Attributional Style Questionnaire. Analysis indicated that fear was significantly correlated with the responsibility for bad outcomes and with the tendency to generalize all outcomes to many situations. Findings are consistent with the view that significantly different attributional profiles emerge as fearfulness increases.
Factors Related to Fear of Marriage
Authors: Curtis John M. , Susman Valerie M.
Published: August 2011

The present paper identified elements which seem to influence fear of marriage or certain avoidant patterns associated with marital commitment. Because census bureau data suggest that increasing numbers of individuals have either delayed marital commitment or avoided it entirely, further research has become necessary to ascertain possible influences. Although the literature suggests men have traditionally had more problems making marital commitments, more women are also avoiding marriage. Some related factors were fears about loss of identity, control, or finances and about accepting adult responsibility. Careful attention to such fears might help clinicians focus more consistently on previously unlabeled impediments to marital commitment.
Loneliness, Social Support, and Anxiety among Two South Pacific Cultures
Authors: Ginter Earl J. , Glauser Ann , Richmond Bert O.
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to investigate the relations among two sources of social support, various aspects of loneliness, and anxiety from two different cultural groups. One group was comprised of Polynesian, Melanesian, and Micronesian people ( n = 54) and the other of East Indian and Caucasian people ( n = 27). As hypothesized, significant correlations (direct and inverse) between scores on a measure of social support and loneliness were found and a positive one between anxiety and loneliness.
Explanatory Style and its Functional Relationship to Job Satisfaction for Employed Women Age Forty and over
Authors: Phelps Linda H. , Waskel Shirley A.
Published: August 2011

An assessment of the relationship between explanatory style and perceived general job satisfaction is presented for 135 employed women age 40 and over who were asked to complete the Attributional Style Questionnaire and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. Although a forced-order multiple regression analysis did not yield a significant correlation between explanatory style and perceived general job satisfaction, several interesting factors emerged.
Factors in College Students' Drinking
Authors: Lichtenfeld Michelle , Kayson Wesley A.
Published: August 2011

Associations of age, membership in a sorority or fraternity, and whether a family member had an alcohol-related problem with the number of alcohol-related problem behaviors were examined by asking 160 people on campuses and one Board of Education in the northeastern United States to complete anonymously a 17-item questionnaire reporting the number of drinking-related problem behaviors. A 2×2×3 factorial analysis of variance with unequal ns yielded significance for age, type of family membership, and the interaction between age and membership in a sorority or fraternity. Younger subjects reported more alcohol-related drinking behaviors as did those with members of their family having drinking problems. Finally, younger members of a Greek organization reported the greatest number of problem behaviors.
An Initial Test of a Theory of Individual Performance
Authors: Pringle Charles D.
Published: August 2011

This study provided an initial test of a comprehensive model of individual performance. The extent to which one's opportunity, capacity, and willingness to perform predict one's actual performance is examined. A questionnaire designed to measure opportunity, capacity, and willingness was administered to 213 college students, while performance was measured by the students' grade point averages Scores on Capacity and Willingness interacted to provide a reasonably accurate prediction of performance, but the effect of scores on Opportunity was nonsignificant.
Revision and Further Assessments of the Prison Locus of Control Scale
Authors: Pugh David N.
Published: August 2011

The report of initial measurement studies conducted on the Prison Locus of Control Scale concluded with suggestions for altering the format and content to improve the psychometric properties of the scale. This paper is a report of structural, reliability, and validity studies conducted on the revised Prison Locus of Control Scale. Assessments included a test of internal consistency, factor analyses, one test each of concurrent and known-groups validity, and four tests of construct validity. The results show strong support for the reliability and validity of the revised scale, which is provided in an appendix.
Prejudice, Reverse Prejudice, and Positive Attitude towards Differences among People with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Beckwith J. B.
Published: August 2011

Described is a study of attitudes towards differences among people with intellectual disabilities involving a sample of 468 tertiary students, of whom 135 were enrolled in a course on intellectual disability studies.
Reliability of a Greek Translation of the Life Satisfaction Index
Authors: Malikiosi-Loizos Maria , Anderson Lynn R.
Published: August 2011

Scores on a Greek translation of the Life Satisfaction Index were correlated .95 with scores on the English version for a sample of 36 bilingual Greek university women. The internal reliability of the Greek translation was estimated by a coefficient alpha of .78. Scores were significantly correlated −.51 with those on a previously published Greek translation of the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale and −.37 with Social loneliness and −.40 with Emotional loneliness. This same pattern of correlations was found when the English version of these two tests was completed by university men and women in the USA. We concluded, therefore, the Greek translation of the Life Satisfaction Index is sufficiently reliable to warrant further use in research in Greece.
Ethical Issues in the Treatment of Applicants to APA-Accredited Ph.D. Programs
Authors: Dimson Carolyn
Published: August 2011

This paper examines some of the ethical issues involved in the treatment of applicants to highly competitive APA-accredited clinical and counseling psychology Ph.D. programs. These issues are analyzed in terms of the 1992 APA Ethics Code as well as the basic ethical principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, justice, fidelity, and autonomy. Issues considered include the applicability of the 1992 APA Ethics Code to the selection process, the obligation to provide applicants accurate and complete information, dual relationships in the selection process, the treatment of rejected or wait-listed applicants, discrimination in the selection process, psychological assessment and research in the selection process, and legal resolutions which pertain to the selection process. In analyzing these issues, the paper calls attention to the need for psychologists functioning as admissions evaluators to be aware of and sensitive to the ethical issues relevant to the selection process.
Relation between Intimacy and the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale
Authors: Hampes William P.
Published: August 2011

In a previous study a relationship was indicated between humor and intimacy; however, the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire, a narrow measure of humor, was given. In this study for 20 male and 40 female undergraduates high scores on intimacy were associated with high scores on the Multidimensional Sense of Humor Scale, a broad and comprehensive measure, although the relationship was not as strong as that between scores on intimacy and on the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire. This discrepancy might be explained by the social nature of intimacy and differences in the two measures of humor.
Alexithymia and Defense Mechanisms in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Fukunishi Isao , Numata Yuichi , Hattori Masaki
Published: August 2011

The relationship between alexithymia and defense mechanisms was examined among 66 patients with myocardial infarction. Alexithymia was greater among patients with acute myocardial infarction than among those with old myocardial infarction. Alexithymia was correlated with scores on measures of the defense mechanisms of denial, negation, repression, and reaction formation. The results suggest the possibility that alexithymia may be evident when effective coping mechanisms are employed to minimize the severity of perceived threats or conflicts.
Attitudes toward War in Veterans
Authors: Alliano Mindy , Lester David
Published: August 2011

19 male veterans of foreign wars had more positive attitudes toward war than 91 male college students and also higher patriotism scores and lower cynicism scores.
Delay of Reinforcement Effects without Goal-Box Confinement
Authors: Calef Richard S. , Haupt Alison L. , Choban Michael C. , Sharpe J Patrick , Stover James A. , Geller E. Scott
Published: August 2011

24 male albino rats were randomly assigned to one of three groups, immediate reinforcement, moderate delay, or long delay. Group Immediate ( n = 8) received food reinforcement immediately upon entering the goal box and were then placed in a waiting cage. For Group Moderate Delay ( n = 8), goal-box confinement was eliminated by placement in a waiting cage rather than confinement in the goal box. Group Long Delay ( n = 8) also had goal-box confinement eliminated with placement in a waiting cage for the 30-sec. delay of reinforcement. After acquisition trials, Group Immediate ran significantly faster than both Groups Moderate and Long Delay, but there was no significant difference in speeds between Group Moderate and Group Long Delay. Apparently, previous findings of a delay of reinforcement effect were at least partly associated with timing of presentation rather than goal-box confinement.
Reliability and Acquiescence in the Measurement of Locus of Control with Adolescents and Adults with Mental Retardation
Authors: Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: August 2011

The locus of control construct has been useful for explaining individual and group variability in motivation, personality, and achievement. Despite a general agreement that people with mental retardation generally lack control in their lives, the construct has not been used to any meaningful extent to explain less than optimal life outcomes experienced by this group. One reason that this circumstance exists is that people with mental retardation often answer questions in an acquiescent manner, thereby jeopardizing the reliability and validity of the measure. The present study examined the reliability of one measure of locus of control, the Adult version of the Nowicki-Strickland Internal-External Scale, for 491 adults and adolescents with mental retardation and, using alternative forms of this scale, assessed the extent to which acquiescence contributes to externality in this population. Results from repeated-measures analysis of variance suggest that the acquiescence contributes nominally to measurement error with this population. Suggestions are made to improve reliability with the scale.
Suicide and Unemployment: A Monthly Analysis
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

Examining monthly the associations of unemployment rates and marriage rates in the USA from 1957 to 1986 replicated the direction of three associations of the four with suicide and homicide.
Role of Effort in Performance of Observing Responses
Authors: Bennett Stevan C. , Barkley Cynthia L. , Steinhauer Gene D.
Published: August 2011

The role of effort in performing observing responses in an E-Maze was studied in 32 rats and 4 pigeons. In Phase I of Exp. 1, rats' performance of observing responses was tested in a regular E-Maze condition and in an extra-length condition in which the predictable arm of the E-Maze was 22 in. or 44 in. longer than the unpredictable arm of the E-Maze. The rats in the regular E-Maze condition preferred the predictable arm on free-choice trials, while those in the extra-length condition preferred the unpredictable, shorter side. In Phase 2 of Exp. 1, the rats in the regular E-Maze condition were switched to an extra-length condition, and rats in the extra-length condition were switched to a regular E-Maze condition. When these experimental conditions were reversed, the choice behavior of the subjects in the two groups also reversed. In Exp. 2, pigeons' performance of the observing response was tested in an E-Maze. Four pigeons learned to perform the observing response in a regular E-Maze condition. They were then changed to an extra-length condition. Preference for the predictable side declined after the change. The results of these experiments show that, when extra effort is required to gain access to the discriminative stimuli, subjects do not perform an observing response.
Violent Sexual Fantasies and Sexual Behavior
Authors: McCollaum Bruce , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Masochistic sexual fantasies and sadistic sexual fantasies were associated with coercive sexual behavior self-reported by both 31 male and 31 female undergraduate students.
Effects of Didactic Teaching on Canadian Cross-Cultural Sensitivity
Authors: Klein Joel
Published: August 2011

Over an 11-week course on multiculturalism in Canada, scores on the Cross-Cultural Sensitivity Scale for 16 students did not change. Also, no significant differences were found between 6 minority students and 10 majority students at pre- or at posttest.
Self-Esteem, Source of Influence, and Orientation toward Freedom and Solidarity
Authors: Madhere Serge
Published: August 2011

With 98 undergraduate students the effects of four factors on orientation toward freedom and solidarity were examined. The four factors were self-esteem, source of influence, age, and social desirability. An analysis of covariance controlling for the effects of social desirability and age yielded a significant main effect only for the self-esteem factor. Subjects with high self-esteem scores rated freedom and solidarity higher than did those with lower self-esteem scores. The other factor contributed to a significant interaction. The difference due to self-esteem was salient among people who attributed their values to parental rather than peer influence.
Can Meta-Analysis Help Determine Whether Rehabilitation Medicine Improves Outcome?
Authors: Evans Ron L. , Connis Richard T. , Haselkorn Jodie K. , Hendricks Robert D.
Published: August 2011

Critical assessment of current meta-analyses of research evaluating outcomes of programs in rehabilitation is presented as are recommendations for use of appropriate selection criteria and data in future meta-analyses.
Tracing Ideological Perspectives through 100 Years of an Academic Genealogy
Authors: Robertson John M.
Published: August 2011

This article traces 100 years of an academic genealogy (a particular line of successive major professors) and provides evidence not only that several themes important to contemporary psychology have been discussed regularly since Wilhelm Wundt but also that similar perspectives on these ideas are passed from generation to generation. The central ideas passed down through eight generations in this particular genealogy include the essential role of empiricism in building psychological theory, the application of psychological principles to education, a strong interest in defining normal cognitive and developmental processes, and a deep commitment to volunteering time in professional service.
Repetition Avoidance in Responses to Imaginary Questions: The Effect of Respondents' Belief in ESP
Authors: Brugger Peter , Baumann Alfred T.
Published: August 2011

42 subjects were given the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator which demands checking either one of two response variants for each of 81 questions. Before, they had completed an imaginary questionnaire version, that is, checked 81 times either “a” or “b” without seeing any questions. Three main findings emerged. (1) Over all subjects, repetitions of the same response alternative were significantly avoided only in the imaginary version, indicating that item content in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator overrode response stereotypy. (2) On the imaginary version, repetition avoidance was significant for those subjects who said they believed in extrasensory perception (ESP) but not for nonbelievers, corroborating previous reports of an association between belief in ESP and repetition avoidance. (3) In comparison to nonbelievers, believers in ESP scored higher on the dimension “feeling” (as opposed to “thinking”) of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. This result is in line with the assumption that belief in ESP is associated with a style of thinking more typical for the right hemisphere.
The Military Participation Rate and Suicide Rates in Austria, 1873–1913
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

In Austria from 1873 to 1913, the proportion of men in the military was not associated with the suicide rate.
Predicting Smoking Status by Symptoms of Depression for U.S. Adolescents
Authors: Wang Min Qi , Fitzhugh Eugene C. , Westerfield R. Carl , Eddy James M.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the predictive relationships between adolescents' smoking and symptoms of depression. A national sample of 6,900 adolescents, ages 14 to 18 years, were selected for analysis. Variables of interest included measures for smoking status and symptoms of depression. Odds ratio and adjusted odds ratio from logistic regression analyses indicated that more of the 885 smokers than of the 6,015 nonsmokers reported feelings of unhappiness, sadness, or depression, hopelessness about the future, and having trouble going to sleep.
Revised Neo Personality Inventory Profiles of Machiavellian and Non-Machiavellian People
Authors: Ramanaiah Nerella V. , Byravan Anupama , Detwiler Fred R. J.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the construct validity of the Mach-IV by testing the differences between the Revised NEO Personality Inventory profiles of Machiavellian- ( n = 93) and non-Machiavellian-scoring ( n = 92) groups. The two inventories were administered to 94 male and 91 female undergraduates. Results based on multivariate as well as univariate analyses of variance indicated that the Revised NEO Personality Inventory profiles of the Machiavellian and non-Machiavellian groups were significantly different, supporting the construct validity of Mach-IV.
Psychology Graduate Students as Research Mentors of Undergraduates: A National Survey
Authors: Bettencourt B. Ann , Bol Linda , Fraser Scott C.
Published: August 2011

A survey of graduate chairpersons in psychology about the prevalence and value of mentoring relationships between psychology graduate and undergraduate students was conducted. Surveys were mailed to 235 chairpersons at colleges and universities, with 130 (55%) surveys returned. The results indicate that formal mentoring programs were rare (6%); however, a substantial percentage of respondents (75%) reported that graduate students interact informally with undergraduates on research projects. In addition, respondents estimated that a large percentage of psychology graduate students (49%) and faculty members (66%) would favor interactions in which graduate students serve as mentors to undergraduate students. Finally, possible advantages and disadvantages of such interactions are presented. Over-all, respondents endorsed significantly more advantages than disadvantages associated with this type of mentoring relationship for both graduate (48% vs 35%) and undergraduate students (54% vs 19%).
Japanese High School and College Students' Responses to the Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule
Authors: Holmes George R. , Sakano Yuji , Doran Georgia H. , Doran James R. , Cautela Joseph
Published: August 2011

Factor-analyzed correlations among items of the Japanese Adolescent Reinforcement Survey Schedule by Japanese high school students ( N = 939) and college students ( N = 500) were compared to investigate the changes in reinforcers between mid- and late adolescence, gender differences, and the specific groupings of reinforcers which suggest certain interventions for either or both groups of adolescents. The factor analysis yielded ten interpretable factors in both groups. These factors were similar and did not suggest a dramatic shift in reinforcers between mid- and late adolescence. Items related to heterosexual activities and antisocial behaviors were rated as more pleasurable by males and items related to interpersonal relationships and academic activities were rated as more pleasurable by females. Since both groups of students attach high reinforcement value to interpersonal interaction with peers and family members, interventions focusing on social skills development might be popular and well attended.
Sense of a Presence and Suicidal Ideation following Traumatic Brain Injury: Indications of Right-Hemispheric Intrusions from Neuropsychological Profiles
Authors: Persinger M. A.
Published: August 2011

50 patients who had sustained a traumatic brain injury were given complete neuropsychological assessments between 0.5 and 4.0 years after the incident; 62% of these patients reported that episodes of a “sensed presence” (left side: 71%; right side: 19%; both: 10%) had occurred. Sensed presences along the left side were primarily (82%) associated with anxiety or fear while those which occurred along the right side were more pleasant (83%). The neuropsychological profiles of patients who reported these experiences suggested elevated complex partial epileptic-like signs and a pattern of mild dysfunction within the right prefrontal and temporoparietal lobes which would promote brief hypermetabolic periods within the latter region. Patients who displayed this profile in conjunction with fragmentation of the self-concept and concomitantly lowered left-hemispheric linguistic functions reported more frequent suicidal impulses. The results are compatible with the hypothesis that the “sense of a presence” is an intrusion of the right-hemispheric homologue of the sense of self into left-hemispheric awareness.
Correlates of Hopelessness on the MMPI-2
Authors: Thackston-Hawkins Leah , Compton William C. , Kelly David B.
Published: August 2011

The relationships between hopelessness, as measured by Beck's Hopelessness Scale, and scales of the MMPI-2 were assessed. Hopelessness was correlated with scores that measured depression, low self-esteem, emotional or self-alienation, lack of ego mastery, and negative treatment indications. Stepwise multiple regression indicated that subjective depression and negative treatment indicators accounted for 41% of variance in hopelessness. Implications were discussed.
Meaning and Love in Viktor Frankl's Writing: Reports from the Holocaust
Authors: Gerwood Joseph B.
Published: August 2011

Viktor Frankl has written that people can survive in the most adverse of situations. He emphasized that the will to meaning has actual survival value. Frankl said people who were oriented toward the future or who had loved ones to see again were most likely to have survived the Holocaust. But is this belief valid? Does love have survival value? Six survivors of the Holocaust were interviewed to assess whether they experienced thoughts and feelings as those described by Frankl. Analysis of results from these interviews showed that love was important but so were other factors.
Stress and Attitudes toward Suicide
Authors: Linblad Jessica , Koury Douglas , Trapani Laura , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Recent stressful life events and scores on a measure of Type A personality were only slightly associated with attitudes toward suicide in a sample of 63 undergraduates.
Customers' Satisfaction and the Replacement Cycle
Authors: Evans Richard H.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between product satisfaction and replacement rate. It was hypothesized that an inverse relationship existed between the two constructs. Analysis of responses from 44 individuals who responded to an advertisement for a miniature precision lamp suggested the hypothesis was confirmed, i.e., higher satisfaction tends to be associated with lower rates of replacement and vice versa.
A Preliminary Study of the Usefulness of the Behavior Assessment Systems for Children in the Evaluation of Mental Health Needs in a Head Start Population
Authors: McNamara John R. , Hollmann Christine , Riegel Tammy
Published: August 2011

122 parents and 18 teachers rated Head Start children on the preschool version of the Behavioral Assessment System for Children. Parents tended to rate their children as having greater problem scores than did their teacher, but both ratings, when compared to general norms, were within normal limits. Low to moderate correlations were found for the same scales on Parent and Teacher forms. Teachers rated children in the center program as having fewer problems than their home-based peers, while parents evaluated center children as having better adaptive behavior than children in the home-based program. Boys had more clinical problems than girls, while girls were rated as showing more adaptive behavior than boys. The usefulness and need for further research on this assessment are mentioned.
Unethical Decisions and Attributions: Gains, Losses, and Concentration of Effects
Authors: Decker Wayne H.
Published: August 2011

74 MBA students and 82 graduates read a vignette describing a manager pressured to falsify information either to obtain or retain a sales contract. Unethical behavior was judged more unfavorably when intended to obtain a gain than to avoid a Joss. Also, unethical behavior was judged more unfavorably when a given total effect was concentrated among a few victims than when distributed more widely. Respondents attributed a manager's lying more to situational forces and less to personality than they did refusing to lie. It is suggested that training in ethics and decision making go hand-in-hand.
Professors' Interactional Attributes: How Do They Relate to One Another?
Authors: Parish Thomas S. , Necessary James R.
Published: August 2011

For 86 professors, ratings on the Classroom Behaviors Questionnaire indicated that what professors did to enhance students' success was perceived as important to their students ( r = .85), but these scores were not correlated significantly with their scores on the Revised Love/Hate Checklist (Form 1), the Revised Love/Hate Checklist (Form 2), or the Personal Attribute Inventory for Children; however, scores on the latter three inventories were significantly intercorrelated for male professors. For female professors, only their self-concept scores significantly correlated with how they interacted with others. These findings seem to be consistent with prior research.
Parent-Child Agreement on Ratings of Anxiety in Children
Authors: Engel Nicole A. , Rodrigue James R. , Geffken Gary R.
Published: August 2011

Research on congruence of parents' and children's reports of children's symptomatology has typically yielded low to moderate agreement. This study extended past research by examining the rate of parent-child agreement on reported anxiety for a nonclinical sample of children. 85 children ages 8 to 16 years and attending recreational summer camps completed measures of their own anxiety and parents completed the same scales on their children twice; once according to their perceptions of their own child's anxiety and once for how they predicted their own child would complete the measures. Analysis indicated that (a) parent-child correspondence was low when using either parents' perceptions or predictions of their child's anxiety, (b) mother-father correspondence on their child's anxiety was moderately high, (c) the children's gender and age were not significantly associated with correspondence, and (d) mothers' and fathers' anxiety was negatively associated with parent-child correspondence. The implications of these findings for research and clinical practice are discussed.
Attributions, Self-Esteem, and Cognitive Responses to Persuasion
Authors: Perloff Richard M.
Published: August 2011

The present study applied Weiner's attributional approach to the domain of personality and persuasibility. 81 subjects participated in an experiment in which the investigator manipulated success and failure in counterarguing with a persuasive message. A 2 (self-esteem) × 5 (attributions) analysis of variance was performed on the data. The results did not support Weiner's predictions regarding the influence of self-esteem on attributions for success and failure. Other findings are discussed, and suggestions for research are noted.
Attributions for Success and Failure of Men and Women in Leadership Positions
Authors: Shultz Kenneth S.
Published: August 2011

Attributions for the success and failure of men and women in leadership positions were examined as a function of the subjects' attitudes towards women in leadership roles (as measured by the Women As Managers Scale of Peters, Terborg, and Taynor. 80 men and 80 women were randomly assigned to one of four conditions in which a leader's performance was described, i.e., male leader—success, male leader—failure, female leader—success, female leader—failure. Subjects then rated the importance they believed each of four factors had in determining the leader's performance (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck). A general reluctance of subjects to make external attributions and to distinguish between male and female leaders was found.
Reassessing and Reconceptualizing the Multidimensional Nature of Organizational Commitment
Authors: Akhtar Syed , Tan Doreen
Published: August 2011

This study was designed to reassess and reconceptualize the multidimensional nature of organizational commitment. The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire of Porter, Steers, Mowday, and Boulian was administered to 259 employees representing five retail banks. Factor analysis (principal factor, promax rotation) yielded the three dimensions proposed by Porter, et al. in 1974. This conceptualization was inadequate because one dimension, i.e., desire to maintain organizational membership, overlaps the withdrawal construct. A similar criticism has been levelled against Meyer and Allen's 1991 model. Consistent with the three-dimensional attitude theory, organizational commitment was reconceptualized in terms of cognitive, emotive, and conative meanings. The proposed dimensions include normative commitment (amount of cognitive consonance with organizational norms), affective commitment (intensity of emotional attachment to the organization), and volitive commitment (extent of conative orientation towards organizational goals).
Is There a Natural Homicide Rate?
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

A regression equation predicting the homicide rates of the American states in 1980 indicated that setting the predictor variables to zero would reduce the homicide rate to zero.
Sexual Behavior of Nonurban Students in Grades 7 and 8: Implications for Public Policy and Sex Education
Authors: Jensen Larry C. , de Gaston Jacqueline F. , Weed Stan E.
Published: August 2011

In a study of 1,844 suburban and rural students in Grades 7 and 8 in public schools in Washington, Oregon, California, and Idaho, sexual activity was much lower than that reported by the popular media and in some scholarly journals. The difference was in part related to using measures other than asking the adolescents whether they had ever had sexual intercourse. The estimates based on those who have had sex more than just once decreased to 16% the number of adolescents who would be classified as sexually active. If the definition of sexually active is further limited to only those who have had sex recently (within the past 4 weeks), only 9% are sexually active. Further restrictions to those who have had sex 5 or more or 10 or more times reduce the percentage of sexually active adolescents to 6% and 2%, respectively. Over-all, the percentage of “sexually active” adolescents depends on the empirical definition of “sexually active,” and there are many indications why “ever had sex” is not an adequate measure.
Organizational Commitment and Employees' Performance Ratings: Both Type of Commitment and Type of Performance Count
Authors: Angle Harold L. , Lawson Marian B.
Published: August 2011

This study, conducted in a Fortune 500 manufacturing organization, examined the relationship between employees' commitment and performance. Several months after 85 employees' affective and continuance commitment had been measured, their global job performance and four specific performance facets were rated by their supervisors. Affective commitment was related to two performance facets but was unrelated to the other two facets. Continuance commitment was unrelated to any of the performance facets. Neither type of commitment was related to global performance. Results were interpreted as suggesting that the link between organizational commitment and performance may depend on the extent to which motivation rather than ability underlies performance. These results, consistent with motivational frameworks offered by Vroom in 1964 and Katz and Kahn in 1978, also supported the distinction between affective and continuance commitment suggested by Meyer and Allen in 1991.
Survey Response Rate as a Function of Age: A Study among Clergy
Authors: Francis Leslie J. , Lankshear David W.
Published: August 2011

A detailed questionnaire was mailed to 3,510 Anglican clergy with active responsibility for churches. Analyses showed a lower response rate among older clergy.