bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preparation of Ketoconazole-loaded Nanoemulsions for Ophthalmic
Delivery: Characterization and In-vitro Antifungal Activity Evaluation
Authors: Mahboobian Mohammad Mehdi , Azadi Negin , Pourmoslemi Shabnam
Published: August 2023

Background:

Nanoemulsions (N.E.s) capable of ocular bioavailability elevation can be
used for poor water-soluble drugs such as ketoconazole (K.Z.). The current investigation was designed
for the purpose of overcoming this issue by developing K.Z. containing N.E.s for ophthalmic drug
delivery with appropriate therapeutic efficiency.

Methods:

The preparation of ketoconazole N.E.s was performed by the low-energy technique.
According to the phase diagram, three stable formulations were selected for more physicochemical
analyses, including particle size, polydispersity index, pH, refractive index and viscosity. Finally, drug
release patterns and in-vitro antifungal activity were assessed for the final selected formulation.

Results:

The developed N.E. formulations with droplet sizes less than 20 nm showed appropriate
physicochemical characteristics for ocular delivery. The selected formulation released 100% of the
encapsulated drug during 24 h. Moreover, antifungal assessments showed that prepared N.E. had
acceptable in-vitro antifungal activity.

Conclusions:

Based on our findings, it can be concluded that N.E.s could be applied as effective
carriers for the ophthalmic delivery of ketoconazole.
Bacoside A: A Promising Medication for Treatment of Various Disorders
Authors: Bansal Keshav , Singh Vanshita , Bajpai Meenakshi
Published: August 2023

Bacoside A is a triterpenoid saponin and nootropic herb that can be extracted from Bacopa monnieri Linn., Scrophulariaceae. It is a glabrous and succulent herb used traditionally for centuries in treating various illnesses, mainly as a cardiotonic and nerve tonic, and has been considered an eminent Ayurvedic medicine. Various studies reported that the herb consists of a wide range of potentially bioactive, phytochemical constituents with synergistic effects. Bacoside A is a major constituent of B. monnieri, with diverse biological functions and significant therapeutic potential, as given by various researchers and preclinical studies. It possesses various biological activities such as hepatoprotective, anti-osteoporotic, anti-ulcerogenic, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, wound healing, and neuroprotective effects. This review compiled the preclinical evidence-based studies and present knowledge of bacoside A's potential benefits and fruitful impact on human health, and we provided a comprehensive perspective of bacoside A in various disease treatments.
Plan de Paisajismo de Burle Marx para el Campus Joaquim Amazonas, Universidad Federal de Pernambuco, Brasil
Authors: Feitosa Júnior Wilson de Barros , Medeiros da Silva Jônatas Souza , Santos Costa Thais , Cintra Ferreira Italo , Marques da Silva Joelmir
Published: August 2023

A lo largo de su carrera, Burle Marx demostró constantemente su preocupación por la conservación de la naturaleza, expresando el uso de especies nativas como uno de los principios de diseño de sus jardines, de diversa índole. A pesar de esto, hay poca discusión sobre sus planes para los campus universitarios. Con el objetivo de analizar los principios de diseño del paisajista en el plan de paisajismo del campus Joaquim Amazonas—UFPE, este estudio utiliza fuentes documentales físicas y digitales para comprender los principios adoptados, comparándolos con sus discursos y proyectos similares, contribuyendo al estudio histórico del paisajismo moderno y proporcionando una base para futuras investigaciones sobre sus obras.
Response of potatoes planted in Gypsifrious soil to organic, biological and mineral fertilization
Authors: Abdallah Najm , Alhamadani Sahar , Kadhum Ali Abbas
Published: August 2023

This experiment was conducted during the growing season 2021, the spring bloom, in the AL-Falluja date palm research station province fellow Horticulture board/Ministry of Agriculture. To study the effect of organic fertilizer and inoculation on P. pseudomonas bacteria and fungi. Trichoderm harzanium and mineral fertilizer in the growth and yield of potato variety Burren, the experiment included three factors, the first factor, adding two levels of fermented organic fertilizer 10 tons hectares of sheep waste (C1) and without addition of organic fertilizer (C0) As for the second factor, it included the addition of biological fertilizer (Pseudomonas and Trichoderma bacterial vaccine): without adding the vaccine B0 + adding the bacterial vaccine Pseudomonas B1 + adding the fungal vaccine Trichoderma (B2) and the addition of a mixture of the bacterial Pseudomonas vaccine and the fungal Trichoderma vaccine (B3), and the third factor was the addition of three levels of mineral fertilizer, which is 50 % of the recommended fertilizer (M50) and 75% of the fertilizer recommendation (M75) and the addition of the fertilizer recommendation 100 % (M100) and the results of the study are summarized as follows: The use of organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in growth characteristics and yield of potatoes as a result of the addition of fertilizer aleudwiu Treatment O1 gave the highest rate of the studied traits, number and weight of tubers, which amounted to 7.91 tubers. plant-1 and 78.03 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.Plant-1, and the total yield is 36.91 mg.h-1 The total marketable yield 35.53 mcg ha-1. There was a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of potato plants due to the addition of bio-fertilizer, as it gave the interaction treatment between Pseudomonas bacteria and Trichoderma (B3). The highest rates in the studied traits, as the number and weight of tubers, reached 9.11 tubers. plant-1 and 86.22 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 796.0 g. plant-1 The total yield is 39.03 mcg ha-1 and the total marketable yield is 37.71 mcg ha-1. The addition of the fertilizer M100 led to a significant increase in the growth characteristics and yield of the plant Potatoes, as the number and weight of tubers reached 8.10 tubers: plant-1 and 76.88 g. Plant-1 and the yield of one plant is 634.9 g.plant-1, total yield 36.26 mcg ha-1, total marketable yield 35.05 mcg ha-1. The double and triple interactions increase the results in growth characteristics, chemical content, growth characteristics and yield

Keywords: potatoes, organic fertilization, bio fertilization, mineral fertilization, yield.
The “Loci” of Misinformation and Its Correction in Peer- and Expert-Led Online Communities for Mental Health: Content Analysis
Authors: Bizzotto Nicole , Schulz Peter Johannes , de Bruijn Gert-Jan
Published: August 2023

Background

Mental health problems are recognized as a pressing public health issue, and an increasing number of individuals are turning to online communities for mental health to search for information and support. Although these virtual platforms have the potential to provide emotional support and access to anecdotal experiences, they can also present users with large amounts of potentially inaccurate information. Despite the importance of this issue, limited research has been conducted, especially on the differences that might emerge due to the type of content moderation of online communities: peer-led or expert-led.

Objective

We aim to fill this gap by examining the prevalence, the communicative context, and the persistence of mental health misinformation on Facebook online communities for mental health, with a focus on understanding the mechanisms that enable effective correction of inaccurate information and differences between expert-led and peer-led groups.

Methods

We conducted a content analysis of 1534 statements (from 144 threads) in 2 Italian-speaking Facebook groups.

Results

The study found that an alarming number of comments (26.1%) contained medically inaccurate information. Furthermore, nearly 60% of the threads presented at least one misinformation statement without any correction attempt. Moderators were more likely to correct misinformation than members; however, they were not immune to posting content containing misinformation, which was an unexpected finding. Discussions about aspects of treatment (including side effects or treatment interruption) significantly increased the probability of encountering misinformation. Additionally, the study found that misinformation produced in the comments of a thread, rather than as the first post, had a lower probability of being corrected, particularly in peer-led communities.

Conclusions

The high prevalence of misinformation in online communities, particularly when left uncorrected, underscores the importance of conducting additional research to identify effective mechanisms to prevent its spread. This is especially important given the study’s finding that misinformation tends to be more prevalent around specific “loci” of discussion that, once identified, can serve as a starting point to develop strategies for preventing and correcting misinformation within them.
Suddenly Home: Returned Women Migrant Workers due to COVID-19 Pandemic Seeking Emergency Income and Equal Gender Roles in the Household
Authors: Octastefani Theresia , Mitra A. Kusuma Bayu
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic stopped practically all activities in almost all sectors of the economy, resulting in an unprecedented global economic crisis. One of the impacts was that millions of women migrant workers lost their jobs in their host countries. This article explores the struggle of Indonesian women migrant workers as they returned to their hometowns in Banyuwangi Regency due to the COVID‐19 pandemic and were forced to find an alternative source of income for their families. This qualitative study uses literature studies and in-depth interviews to collect data and information. The results show that women took a heavier share of the workload in supporting their household during the pandemic. As a breadwinner, they had to quickly adapt to the situation and earn an income as soon as they returned home. They struggled to look for alternative sources of income in rural areas, which were limited to farming, online ride-hailing services (individual efforts), and SME activities (collective efforts), such as producing garments, food and fruit products, livestock, and crafts. For these women, the fear of being exposed to COVID-19 was pale in comparison to the fear of not being able to provide for the family. At the same time, once home, the workload from housework is theirs, doubling their burden.
ow Resource Domain Subjective Context Feature Extraction via Thematic Meta-learning
Authors: Agarwal Vishesh , Goplani Anil , Barai Mohit Kumar , Sarkar Arindam , Sanyal Subhasis
Published: August 2023

The volume of the data is directly proportional to the model's accuracy in data analytics for any particular domain. Once a developing field or discipline becomes apparent, the scarcity of the data volume becomes a challenging proponent for the correctness of a model and prediction. In the proposed state-of-the-art, a transitive empirical method has been used within the same contextual domain to extract features from a low-resource part via a heterogeneous field with factual data. Even though an example of text processing has been used for brevity, it is not limited. The success rate of the proposed model is 78.37%, considering model performance. But when considering human subject matter experts, the accuracy is 81.2%.
Effect of Using Different Levels of Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Roscoe) Extract on The Quality Characteristics of Camel's Sausage
Authors: Zaki E. F.
Published: August 2023

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the effect of adding different levels of ginger extract in the formulation of camel sausage. Four treatments were investigated: T1 control and the other treatments (T2, T3 and T4) were treated with 5, 10, and 15 % ginger extract (v/w). Chemical, physical, sensory properties and histological examination were evaluated. Sausages treated with ginger extract had higher moisture, lower fat content and no significant differences in protein content. Collagen content was significantly increased in treated cooked sausages. Fat and moisture retention significantly increased in camel sausage treated with ginger extract. The addition of ginger extract significantly improved the color and shrinkage measurements. A Light micrograph of camel sausage treated with 10% ginger extract exhibited severely broken muscle fibers and severely destructed connective tissue. Sausage treated with 10% ginger extract recorded the highest score for texture, tenderness and overall acceptability.
Change in Buchan vowel harmony
Authors: Schindelman Debbie
Published: August 2023

English is not typically considered to be a vowel harmony language, and yet one of its cousins, Buchan Scots, clearly shows vowel-harmonic patterns. This involves a type of height harmony which is blocked by certain consonants and consonant clusters (which do not form a natural class). The front vowel /ɪ/ has historically functioned as a high vowel but seems to have changed into a non-high vowel in the inland dialectal variant. This article considers whether this change has also occurred in the costal variant of the dialect. From newly collected data, I observe that /ɪ/ continues to behave as a high vowel in the Buchan Scots spoken on the coast. However, there are some indications that the group of blocking consonants is shifting to include simple nasals and /r/. While simple nasals have been documented as blocking consonants in some varieties, /r/ has not.
La delación compensada en el mercado de valores a tres años de su incorporación en la legislación chilena
Authors: Barceló López Gonzalo
Published: August 2023

With the entry into force of Law N° 21.000, which created the Financial Market Commission, the so-called ‘leniency system’ was incorporated within the securities market as a mechanism for detecting and prosecuting illicit activities. This is a tool that allows for improved detection and punishment of illicit activities, while at the same time promoting the implementation of self-disciplinary mechanisms to prevent infringements. Despite the fact that this tool was incorporated into our legislation at the beginning of 2018, three years after its implementation there are few cases in which it has been applied by the Financial Market Commission. Against this background, this paper starts with a general analysis of the ‘leniency system’ and its legal regime. And then, it deals with some of the first cases involving its application, which are of great interest in order to assess the current state of this institution and, in particular, to determine if the legislative technique chosen was appropriate or not.
Ēdiena reprezentācijas kultūrā
Authors:   Latvijas Universitāte, Rubene Māra , Vēvere Velga , Runnel Pille , Spalvēna Astra , Krūmiņa-Zemture Gita , Īriste Sandra , Grudule Māra , Kalniņa Ieva , Kušnere Sigita , Leitāne Iveta , Pogodina Svetlana , Kalniņa Ieva E. , Friks Elvis , Kupšāne Ingrīda , Laurušaitė Laura , Lāms Ojārs , Kursīte Elīna , Stāde Madara , Gūtmane Zanda
Published: August 2023

Kolektīvās monogrāfijas raksti apliecina, ka ēdiens literatūrā palīdz raksturot tautas un valsts vēsturi, sociālo dzīvi un cilvēku psiholoģiju, kā arī izmaiņas tajās politisko un ekonomisko apstākļu maiņas dēļ. Ēdienam ir būtiska nozīme sociālās, reliģiskās un nacionālās identitātes un pašidentitātes veidošanā. Gastropoētiskais diskurss paplašina literatūras un kultūras pētniecības iespējas, ļauj saskatīt jaunas sakarības, bet literatūrā arī jaunas teksta nianses, sasaista literatūru un kultūru ar lasītāja personīgo un kolektīvo pieredzi.
Reduced TrkB signalling in Parvalbumin and Somatostatin positive interneurons have opposite effects on Sensorimotor Gating
Authors: Didio Giuliano , Castrén Eero , Umemori Juzoh
Published: August 2023

Parvalbumin-positive interneurons (PV-INs) and Somatostatin-positive
interneurons (SST-INs) have emerged as key players in regulating network
activity and plasticity in both healthy and diseased states. In
particular, research has highlighted the involvement of interneurons in
the development of various psychiatric disorders. We previously showed
that TrkB activity in PV-INs plays a central role in the regulation of
neuronal plasticity. This study investigates the role of TrkB in PV and
SST interneurons and explores the validity of an interneuron-specific
TrkB knockout mouse model. Mice with reduced TrkB expression in either
PV-INs or SST-INs were generated to simulate an abnormal but not
completely absent BDNF/TrkB pathway. By conducting behavioural battery,
we observed that mice with impaired TrkB expression PV-INs exhibited a
significant deficit in the Prepulse inhibition test (PPI), indicating
altered sensorimotor gating. Conversely, TrkB knockout in SST-INs
resulted in an opposite enhanced PPI effect, as well as a significantly
shorter latency to enter the open arm in the elevated plus maze test,
suggesting altered decision-making behaviour. These findings provide
insights into the involvement of the BDNF/TrkB pathway in PV-INs and
SST-INs, supporting the use of heterozygous TrkB knockout models in
studying interneuron plasticity and network dynamics. Moreover, the
altered sensorimotor gating observed in PV-INs highlights the potential
of this model in understanding the sensorimotor abnormalities observed
in schizophrenia.
Localizing and quantifying groundwater-surface water interactions at different scales: a tracer approach at the River Moselle, Germany
Authors: Engel Michael , Mischel Simon , Quanz Sabrina , Frei Sven , Radny Dirk , Voelpel Rike , Schmidt Axel
Published: August 2023

Groundwater-surface water interactions (GSI) connect rivers and streams
with riparian areas and the adjacent aquifer. Although these
interactions represent a substantial control of quantity and quality of
both groundwater and surface water, knowledge on GSI along rivers at the
regional scale, particularly inland waterways, is still limited. We
investigated GSI along the river Moselle, an important federal inland
waterway in Germany, by using radon and tritium to identify gaining and
losing stream conditions, respectively. Gaining stream conditions were
identified by continuously measuring radon along the river as part of
boat surveys using a high spatial resolution (every two km) during
intermediate (October 2020) and near low flow conditions
(August/September 2021). Quarterly tritium inventories from 2017 to 2021
revealed losses of up to 27 % due to losing stream conditions at the
upstream locations of damns (particularly near the hydroelectric power
plant Lehmen) while gains (up to 51 %) likely triggered by a
flood-induced mass transfer of water from the aquifer back into the
river. Using radon mass balance modeling, good agreements of simulated
versus measured radon data with respect to two groundwater end-member
scenarios were obtained during intermediate flow (Spearman’s ρ: 0.97 and
0.99; MAE: 10.1 and 3.4 Bq l ) and near low flow
(Spearman’s ρ: 0.97 and 0.99; MAE: 11 and 6.5 Bq l
). Important groundwater inflow was limited to the
meander of Detzem, where cumulated groundwater inflow of about 19 m
s (9.5 % of total discharge)
and 4.2 m s (3.8 % of total
discharge) was simulated during intermediate and near low flow,
respectively. However, these groundwater contributions were relatively
low compared to alpine streams, for example. Finally, the study will
help to better identify and quantify GSI at the regional scale and
provide methodological guidance for future studies focusing on inland
waterways.
Reshaping Banking through Blockchain: Exploring the Future of Financial Transactions
Authors: Neyigapula Bheema Shanker
Published: August 2023

Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative force, promising
to reshape traditional banking and revolutionize financial transactions.
This research paper explores the future of financial transactions
through the lens of blockchain in the banking sector. The study begins
with an analysis of the historical background of banking and the
emergence of blockchain technology, followed by an in-depth literature
review on the characteristics of blockchain, its benefits, and the
challenges it poses to the financial industry. Through case studies of
successful blockchain adoption in banking, this research identifies best
practices and lessons learned, shedding light on the potential
disruptive impact of blockchain in the financial sector. The paper
further examines the challenges and barriers hindering widespread
blockchain adoption and presents strategies for banks and financial
institutions to successfully integrate blockchain technology. Finally,
the research outlines opportunities, future outlook, and potential
collaboration between banks and fintech companies in a
blockchain-enabled world, offering valuable insights to stakeholders
seeking to navigate the transformative landscape of financial
transactions.
Application of environmental DNA metabarcoding to identify fish community characteristics in subtropical river systems
Authors: Wang Sai , Wu Dong-Hai , Wu En-Ni , Chen Nan-Lin , Fan Shi-Di , Wang Tuan-Tuan , Chen Zhong-Bing , Song Yong-Duo , Zhang Yang , a Zhuo-Luo , Xiang Lei , Yang Yu-Xi , Zi Rong-Mei
Published: August 2023

Fish play vital roles in river ecosystems; however, traditional
investigations of fish usually cause certain ecological damage.
Extracting DNA from aquatic environments and identifying DNA sequences
offers an alternative, non-invasive approach for detecting fish species.
In this study, environmental DNA (eDNA), coupled with PCR and
next-generation sequencing, and electrofishing were used to compare
their effects in identifying fish community characteristics. In three
subtropical rivers of southern China, fish specimens and eDNA in water
were collected from headwaters to estuaries. Both eDNA OTU richness and
individual abundance (including number and biomass) could group 38
sampling sites into eight spatial zones with significant differences in
local fish community composition. Compared with the order-/family-level
grouping, the genus-/species-level grouping could more accurately
recognize the differences between upstream zones I − III, midstream
zones IV − V, and downstream zones VI – VIII. From headwaters to
estuary, two environmental gradients significantly influenced the
longitudinal distribution of fish species, including the first gradient
composed of habitat and physical water parameters and the second
gradient composed of chemical water parameters. The high regression
coefficient of alpha diversity between eDNA and electrofishing methods
as well as the accurate recognition of dominant, alien, and biomarker
species at each spatial zone indicated that eDNA could characterize fish
community attributes at a similar level of traditional approach.
Generally, our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding can be used
as an effective tool in revealing fish composition and diversity, which
is important for using the eDNA technique in aquatic field monitoring.
Atlantooccipital fracture with intrathecal haematoma- a novel treatment method
Authors: Hall Yvonne , Meehan Lucinda , Prutton James
Published: August 2023

This case report describes successful conservative management of a
comminuted fracture of the atlas. To the authors knowledge, fracture of
the atlas in the horse and intrathecal corticosteroid injection in the
standing sedated patient has not been previously reported. Clinical
signs included acute onset ataxia, proprioceptive deficits and neck
stiffness; which developed immediately post trauma during assisted
recovery from general anaesthesia. Radiographic examination was not
diagnostic immediately post trauma and computed tomographic (CT) imaging
subsequently identified a fracture of the atlas. Treatment included
ultrasound guided intrathecal medication of the cerebrospinal fluid and
intra-articular medication of the atlantooccipital joint under standing
sedation. Medication resulted in a marked improvement in clinical signs
(grade 4 ataxia to grade 1 ataxia).
Stochastic multi-objective power management of MGs with CHP for economic and resilience enhancement
Authors: azarinfar hossein , khosravi mohsen
Published: August 2023

Microgrid (MG) operator tries to supply the electricity consumption with
minimum cost. To this end, the operator should economically manage the
output power of its resources. These resources may be electrical, heat,
or Combined Cooling, Heat and Power (CCHP) generators. On the other
hand, improvement of the MGs resilience response against Low-Probability
High-Impact (LPHI) events have received considerable attention in recent
years. So, this should be taken into account in the energy management of
MGs. The MGs energy management is realized in this paper with the goals
of improving resilience, reducing operation cost, reducing environmental
pollution, and reducing real power losses. For this purpose, some tools
such as energy storage devices, CCHP, and renewables (Wind Turbine (WT)
and Photovoltaic (PV) units) are implemented. Also, Genetic Algorithm
(GA) is adopted to achieve the optimal answer. By considering the
resilience concept in MG operation and based on the results, we find
that the amount of operating costs and environmental pollution have
increased by an average of 6.31 and 2.8 percent, respectively. But,
because of reducing the outage cost and power losses by an average of
13.91 and 0.5 percent, respectively, the total cost is reduced by an
average of 5.93 percent.
Moving toward reality: Electrocortical reactivity to naturalistic multimodal emotional videos
Authors: Sabatinelli Dean , Farkas Andrew , Gehr Matthew
Published: August 2023

While previous research has investigated the effects of emotional videos
on peripheral physiological measures and conscious experience, this
study extends the research to include cortical measures, specifically
the steady-state visual evoked potential (ssVEP). A carefully curated
set of 45 videos, designed to represent a wide range of emotional and
neutral content, were presented with a flickering border. The videos
featured a continuous single-shot perspective, natural soundtrack, and
excluded elements associated with professional films, to enhance
realism. The results demonstrate a consistent reduction in ssVEP
amplitude during emotional videos which strongly correlates with the
rated emotional intensity of the clips. This suggests that narrative
audiovisual stimuli have the potential to track dynamic emotional
processing in the cortex, providing new avenues for research in
affective neuroscience. The findings highlight the potential of using
realistic video stimuli to investigate how the human brain processes
emotional events in a paradigm that increases ecological validity.
Future studies can further develop this paradigm by expanding the video
set, targeting specific cortical networks, and manipulating narrative
predictability. Overall, this study establishes a foundation for
investigating emotional perception using realistic video stimuli and has
the potential to expand our understanding of real-world emotional
processing in the human brain.
Serratus Anterior Plane Block and Postoperative Pain Control in Obese Patients Undergoing S-ICD Implantation: A Case Series and literature analysis
Authors: Coletta Francesco , Schettino Francesca , Tomasello Antonio , Sala Crescenzo , Pisanti Massimo , Villani Romolo
Published: August 2023

Background Subcutaneous implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (S-ICD)
procedures are frequently performed under analgosedation or general
anesthesia, leading to prolonged postoperative hospital stays and
increased costs. This anesthetic technique may also have a greater
hemodynamic impact, particularly in obese and cardiac patients. However,
an alternative anesthetic technique can be employed: ultrasound-guided
serratus anterior plane block (US-SAPB). Methods We analyzed the
anesthetic clinical course in 5 patients, 3 males and 2 females, who
were obese (BMI >= 30) and underwent S-ICD implantation for
primary prevention using a two-incision intermuscular technique and
ultrasound-guided serratus anterior plane block. All patients had a left
ventricular ejection fraction less than or equal to 35%. Conclusion It
significantly facilitated pain control during the procedure and,
especially, in the postoperative phase. However, the data available in
the literature are mostly derived from case reports and small
comparative studies. Therefore, further studies with a larger sample
size and direct comparison with general anesthesia or deep sedation are
needed.
Drivers of intraspecific variation in seed dispersal appear to differ across two species of fleshy-fruited tropical savanna plants
Authors: Jayanth Arpitha , Isvaran Kavita , Naniwadekar Rohit
Published: August 2023

Various factors may mediate the visitation of frugivores to fruiting
plants, which can dictate the quantum of seeds removed (dispersed) away
from the parent plant. Past studies have laid emphasis on
species-specific factors and environmental contexts that frugivores may
use as cues to make foraging decisions and differentially visit various
plant species. However, differences in plant traits (intrinsic factors)
and local environmental contexts (extrinsic factors) can influence the
diversity and abundance of frugivores that visit individual plants of
the same species, resulting in intraspecific variation in seed
dispersal. We observed individuals of two co-fruiting plant species with
morphologically similar fruits – Naringi crenulata and
Ziziphus oenopolia – for 134h and examined the influence of
fruit crop size, plant height and fruiting neighbourhood on the
diversity of visiting avian frugivores and quantum of fruit removal for
individual plants. We found that despite their similarity in fruits and
sharing of a similar set of frugivores, the two plant species differed
in how they attracted frugivores, with consequences for fruit removal
rates. Fruit crop size was an important determinant of fruit removal for
N. crenulata¸ while plant height led to greater visitation and
fruit removal for Z. oenopolia. We discuss potential reasons for
the difference in frugivore visitation and fruit removal for the two
plant species. Our results support a growing body of evidence that
intraspecific variation in seed dispersal is pervasive and highly
context-dependent.
Assessment of the water mass dynamics over the western Mediterranean in the MEDRYS1V2 reanalysis
Authors: Barral Quentin-Boris , Zakardjian Bruno Agop , DUMAS Franck , GARREAU Pierre , Beuvier Jonathan
Published: August 2023

We present an assessment of the water mass dynamics in a reanalysis of
the Mediterranean Sea with a focus on the Western basin. We use a θ-S
based algorithm to compute the fractions of the main western
Mediterranean water masses : Atlantic and modified Atlantic Waters (AW,
mAW), Western and Levantine Intermediate Waters (WIW and LIW)and Western
Mediterranean Deep Waters (WDW). The reanalysis retains the known mean
characteristics of the water masses, their seasonal to interannual
variability and main circulation patterns when compared with the
literature. The imprints of winter mixing is particularly obvious with
coherent variations of water mass volumes, mainly the yearly creation of
WIW from mAW on northernmost shelves and of WMDW from all surface and
intermediate layers during years of deep water formation. The results
also highlight some unrealistic events of variability of the WMDW volume
that are likely due to the data assimilation process. Re-computing the
water mass volumes and transports without these altered years allowed to
highlight the possible disruption of the large-scale barotropic cyclonic
circulation in the Eastern Algerian basin in response to major DWF
events over the Gulf of Lion. The reanalysis also showsan overtopping
ofWMDW in the Sardinia Channel in 2009 leading to a major backward flow
of mAW from the Tyrrhenian to the Algero-Provençal basin. Both processes
affects the circulations of AW and mAW over the whole western
Mediterranean.
Can artificial intelligence-based weather prediction models simulate the butterfly effect?
Authors: Selz Tobias , Craig George C.
Published: August 2023

We investigate error growth from small-amplitude initial condition
perturbations, simulated with a recent artificial intelligence-based
weather prediction model. From past simulations with standard
physically-based numerical models as well as from theoretical
considerations it is expected that such small-amplitude initial
condition perturbations would grow very fast initially. This fast growth
then sets a fixed and fundamental limit to the predictability of
weather, a phenomenon known as the butterfly effect. We find however,
that the AI-based model completely fails to reproduce the rapid initial
growth and hence would suggest an infinite predictability of the
atmosphere. In contrast, if the initial perturbations are large and
comparable to current uncertainties in the estimation of the initial
state, the AI-based model basically agrees with physically-based
simulations, although some deficits are still present.
A new high-resolution seismic catalog for the Southern Apennines (Italy) built through template-matching
Authors: Diaferia Giovanni , Valoroso Luisa , Improta Luigi , Piccinini Davide
Published: August 2023

The incompleteness of earthquake catalogs is a well-known issue caused
by our technical limitation in detecting the small- to very
small-magnitude seismicity falling near or below the level of background
seismic noise. According to Gutenberg-Richter distribution, small
earthquakes represent the majority of the events occurring in a certain
area and their detection is key for improving our knowledge of: i) the
geometry and kinematics of seismogenic sources; ii) the spatio-temporal
characteristics of seismicity, thus leading to better models for seismic
hazard. Template-matching (TM) is a well-known and powerful technique
based on similarity measure that allows to find earthquakes hidden in
the continuous recording, similar to to known events (templates).
Nowadays, the larger availability of computational resources, allows the
application of such technique to regional areas. This work represents
the first application of template-matching to Southern Apennines
(Italy), using about 4.000 high-quality events as templates and scanning
6-years long continuous recording (2009-2014) at more than 180 stations
of the INGV network. About 20.000 new events are found, showing a
comparable quality to the template catalog in terms of hypocentral
solution, and reaching a decrease of the magnitude of completeness of
about one unit. In order to highlight the improved quality of the TM
catalog, we report on two main examples regarding the Sannio-Matese
area, where TM allowed us to unravel relevant details on the
spatio-temporal distribution of the local seismicity, providing useful
insights for the understanding of the seismic hazard.
Ignan Earths: Habitability of Terrestrial Planets with Extreme Internal Heating
Authors: Reinhold Matthew , Schaefer Laura
Published: August 2023

Is it possible for a rocky planet to have too much internal heating to
maintain a habitable surface environment? In the Solar System, the best
example of a world with high internal heating is Jupiter’s moon Io,
which has a heat flux of approximately 2 W m-2 compared to the Earth’s
90 mW m-2. The ultimate upper limit to internal heating rates is the
Tidal Venus Limit, where the geothermal heat flux exceeds the Runaway
Greenhouse Limit of 300 W m-2 for an Earth-mass planet. Between Io and a
Tidal Venus there is a wide range of internal heating rates whose
effects on planetary habitability remain unexplored. We investigate the
habitability of these worlds, referred to as Ignan Earth’s. We
demonstrate how the mantle will remain largely solid despite high
internal heating, allowing for the formation of a convectively buoyant
and stable crust. In addition, we model the long-term climate of Ignan
Earth’s by simulating the carbonate-silicate cycle in a vertical
tectonic regime (known as heat-pipe tectonics, expected to dominate on
such worlds) at varying amounts of internal heating. We find that
Earth-mass planets with internal heating fluxes below 30 W m-2 produce
average surface temperatures that Earth has experienced in its past
(below 30 oC), and worlds with higher heat fluxes still result in
surface temperatures far below that of 100 oC, indicating a wide range
of internal heating rates may be conducive with habitability.
Observations of relativistic electron precipitation due to combined scattering of whistler-mode and EMIC waves
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Fraz , Artemyev Anton V , Zhang Xiao-Jia , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Tsai Ethan , Wilkins Colin
Published: August 2023

The two most important wave modes responsible for energetic electron
scattering to the Earth’s ionosphere are electromagnetic ion cyclotron
(EMIC) waves and whistler-mode waves. In this study, we report direct
observations of energetic electron (from 50 keV to 2.5 MeV) scattering
driven by the combined effect of whistler-mode and EMIC waves using
ELFIN measurements. We analyze several events exhibiting such
properties, and show that electron resonant interactions with
whistler-mode waves may enhance relativistic electron precipitation by
EMIC waves. During a prototypical event which benefits from conjugate
THEMIS measurements, we demonstrate that below the minimum resonance
energy (Emin) of EMIC waves, the whistler-mode wave may both scatter
electrons into the loss-cone and also accelerate them to higher energy
(1-3 MeV). These accelerated electrons above Emin resonate with EMIC
waves that, in turn, quickly scatter those electrons into the loss-cone.
This enhances relativistic electron precipitation beyond what EMIC waves
alone could achieve.
On the dynamics of ultra-relativistic electrons (>2 MeV) near L* = 3.5 during 8 June 2015
Authors: Hogan Benjamin , Li Xinlin , Xiang Zheng , Zhao Hong , Mei Yang , O'brien Declan , Baker Daniel N. , Kanekal Shrikanth G.
Published: August 2023

Understanding local loss processes in Earth’s radiation belts is
critical to understanding their overall structure. Electromagnetic ion
cyclotron waves can cause rapid loss of multi-MeV electrons in the
radiation belts and contribute to an uncommon three-belt structure in
the radiation belts. These loss effects have been observed at a range of
L* values, recently as low as L* = 3.5. Here, we present a case study of
an event where a local minimum develops in multi-MeV electron phase
space density near L* = 3.5 and evaluate the possibility of EMIC waves
in contributing to the observed loss feature. Signatures of EMIC waves
are shown including rapid local loss and pitch angle bite outs. Analysis
of the wave power spectral density during event shows EMIC wave
occurrence at higher L* values. Using these representative wave
parameters, we calculate minimum resonant energies, diffusion
coefficients, and simulate the evolution of electron PSD during this
event. From these results, we find that O+ band EMIC waves could be
contributing to the local loss feature during this event. O+ band EMIC
waves are uncommon, but do occur in these L* ranges, and therefore may
be a significant driver of radiation belt dynamics under certain
preconditioning of the radiation belts.
Extracting spatial spectra using coarse-graining based on implicit filters
Authors: Danilov Sergey , Juricke Stephan , Nowak Kacper , Sidorenko Dmitry , Wang Qiang
Published: August 2023

Scale analysis based on coarse-graining has been proposed recently as an
alternative to Fourier analysis. It requires interpolation to a regular
mesh for data from unstructured-mesh models. We propose an alternative
coarse-graining method which relies on implicit filters using powers of
discrete Laplacians. This method can work on arbitrary (structured or
unstructured) meshes and is applicable to the direct output of
unstructured-mesh models. Illustrations and details are provided for
discrete fields placed at vertices of triangular meshes. The placement
on triangles is also briefly discussed.
Towards understanding polar heat transport enhancement in sub-glacial oceans on icy moons
Authors: Hartmann Robert , Stevens Richard J. A. M. , Lohse Detlef , Verzicco Roberto
Published: August 2023

The interior oceans of several icy moons are considered as “moderately
rotating”. Observations suggest a larger heat transport around the
poles than at the equator. Rotating Rayleigh-Bénard convection (RRBC) in
planar configuration is known to show an enhanced heat transport
compared to the non-rotating case for such “moderate” rotation. We
investigate the potential for such a (polar) heat transport enhancement
in these sub-glacial oceans by direct numerical simulations of RRBC in
spherical geometry for Ra=10 and 0.7≤Pr≤4.38. We find
an enhancement up to 28% in the “polar tangent cylinder”, which is
globally compensated by a reduced heat transport at low latitudes. As a
result, the polar heat transport can exceed the equatorial by up to
50%. The enhancement is mostly insensitive to different radial gravity
profiles, but decreases for thinner shells. In general, polar heat
transport and its enhancement in spherical RRBC follow the same
principles as in planar RRBC.
Visualization of spheres in the generalized Hahn space
Authors: Velickovic Vesna , Dolicanin Edin
Published: August 2023

We introduce the generalized Hahn space hd(p), which is not normable, and
show that it is a totally paranormed space. We develop the parametric
representation of parts of spheres in three?dimensional space endowed with
the relative paranorm of hd(p) and solve the visibility and contour problems
for these spheres. Also we apply our own software in line graphics to
visualize the shapes of parts of these spheres. Finally we demonstrate the
effects of the change of the parameters d and p on the shape of the spheres.
Bounds for the Berezin number of reproducing kernel Hilbert space operators
Authors: Sen Anirban , Bhunia Pintu , Paul Kallol
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we find new upper bounds for the Berezin number of the product
of bounded linear operators defined on reproducing kernel Hilbert spaces. We
also obtain some interesting upper bounds concerning one operator, the upper
bounds obtained here refine the existing ones. Further, we develop new lower
bounds for the Berezin number concerning one operator by using their
Cartesian decomposition. In particular, we prove that ber(A) ? 1/?2
ber(?(A)? ?(A)1, where ber(A) is the Berezin number of the bounded linear
operator A.
Influence of ionizing radiation on the stochasticity of overvoltage protection at low, medium, and high voltage levels in gas surge arresters
Authors: Jusic Alija , Lazarevic Djordje , Turkovic Irfan
Published: August 2023

The paper considers the possibility of improving the technical
characteristics of gas surge arresters for the co-ordination of insulation
at low voltage, medium voltage and high voltage levels. The idea for
improving the characteristics of a gas surge arrester is based on the
application of the radioactive source 241Am in the area of the surge
arrester cathode. Intensive ionization with alpha particles significantly
increases the number of free electrons in the space between electrodes,
which shortens the time of their transition to initial electrons. This
changes the Paschen curve of the gas surge arrester, narrows and flattens
its impulse characteristic and reduces the stochasticity of the response of
the gas surge arrester. All this results in a significant improvement in the
characteristics of the gas surge arrester at all voltage levels. This
improvement is particularly noticeable in the case of low voltage surge
arresters. The paper is basically theoretical-experimental research. The
experiments were performed under well-controlled laboratory conditions. The
combined measurement uncertainty of all measurements was acceptable.
Kebutuhan Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Augmented Reality (AR) pada Materi Rantai Makanan
Authors: Qorimah Esti Nur , Laksono Wisnu Cahyo , Hidayati Yulia Maftuhah , Desstya Anatri
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk menganalisis kebutuhan siswa pada pengembangan media Augmented Reality (AR) pada materi rantai makanan. Penelitian ini tergolong kedalam penelitian pengembangan yang dikembangkan dengan model ADDIE. Hanya saja penelitian hanya dilakukan pada tahap analisis, yakni analisis materi dan analisis kebutuhan. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini yakni guru dan siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur, penyebaran angket, observasi, dan wawancara. Adapun instrument penelitian yang digunakan yakni lembar kuisioner kebutuhan media guru dan siswa. Data yang diperoleh pada penelitian kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan untuk menganalisis hasil angket dengan menggunakan rumus persentase, sedangkan analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan mendeskripsikan hasil penelitian dan mengkaitkannya dengan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Konsep dalam analisis materi rantai makanan terdapat 12,5% konkret dan 87,5% abstrak. Serta berdasarkan studi lapangan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran menggunakan media pembelajaran yang digunakan media gambar, namun siswa tidak tertarik karena gambar tidak berwarna. Guru dan siswa juga perlu adanya perbaikan penggunaan media, salah satunya bisa menggunakan media AR ini agar menarik. Untuk itu diperlukan media Augmented Reality (AR) dalam materi rantai makanan.
E-Modul Literasi Berbasis Cerita Rakyat pada Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Siswa Kelas VI
Authors: Wijayanti Ni Kadek Arthiwi , Wulandari I Gusti Agung Ayu , Wiarta I Wayan
Published: August 2023

Kurangnya aktivitas membaca oleh para murid saat situasi pandemi covid 19 dan kurangnya pemanfaatan media pembelajaran dalam kegiatan pembelajaran pada muatan bahasa Indonesia kelas VI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yakni untuk mengetahui hasil validitas media yang dikembangkan dari para pakar dan uji coba pada siswa. Penelitian ini tergolong kedalam penelitian pengembangan, yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan model ADDIE. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini meliputi 1 ahli isi mata pelajaran, 1 pakar desain pembelajaran dan 1 pakar media pembelajaran. Sedangkan subjek uji coba produk  meliputi uji coba secara individual dengan 3 orang murid dan dan uji coba secara kelompok dengan 9 orang siswa kelas VI. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian dilakukan menggunakan metode angket, observasi, dan wawancara dengan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner validitas media pembelajaran. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada uji validasi produk berdasarkan hasil uji ahli isi mata dengan pesentase 96,66% kategori sangat baik, uji ahli desian pembelajaran dengan pesentase 92,5% kategori sangat baik, uji ahli media pembelajaran dengan persentase 100% kriteria sangat baik, uji coba perorangan dengan hasil 90,14% kriteria sangat baik dan uji coba kelompok kecil dengan 89,64 % atau kriteria baik. Mengacu pada hasil validasi oleh ahli dan uji coba produk maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi e-modul literasi berbasis cerita rakyat dianggap layak untuk menjadi media pembelajaran untuk memahami materi teks fiksi pada muatan Bahasa Indonesia pelajar kelas VI SD dan dapat digunakan sebagai media untuk fasilitas membaca.