bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Educational Intervention on Knowledge Regarding Child Abuse among School Students in a Sub-Metropolitan City
Authors: Ishwar Reena , Ishwar Dilip Kumar , Yadav Punita
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Child abuse or maltreatment constitutes all forms of physical and/or emotional ill-treatment resulting in actual or potential harm to the child’s health, survival, development. The objective was focused to measure the effectiveness of educational intervention on knowledge regarding child abuse among school students at Janakpurdham, submetropolitan city.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study was conducted in Janaki higher secondary english school, at Janakpurdham, Dhanusha. One group pre-test and post-test design was used. A self- administered structured questionnaire was developed to assess the knowledge regarding child abuse among participants. Differential and inferential statistics were used to analyse data by SPSS package.

RESULTS: Out of total 44 participants, 12 (27.3%) participants had poor level of knowledge in pre-test whereas none had poor knowledge in post-test. 25 (56.8%) participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test but only 15 (34.1%) had average level in post- test. 7 (15.9%) participants had good level of knowledge in pre-test, however 29 (65.9%) had good level of knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test 18.80 (3.87) and post-test 24.23 (2.78) were found to be statistically significant. There was no any association between level of knowledge in pre-test and post-test with their selected socio-demographic variables except sex, education status of mother and occupation of father in post-test.

CONCLUSIONS: Majority of participants had average level of knowledge in pre-test that was increased to good knowledge in post-test. The scores of pre-test and post-test were found to be statistically significant which determined the effectiveness of educational intervention programme.
Awareness and Perception Regarding Health Insurance among Community people in a Municipality: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Dhungana Bharat Ram , Giri Shree Shyam , Kushwaha Shambhu Prasad , Khanal Dammar Kumari , Yadav Binod Kumar
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Health insurance program is a social protection program of the government of Nepal, which aims to enable its citizens to have access to quality health care services without placing financial burden on them. There was insufficient knowledge and awareness of the health insurance activities. Insured persons have complained of poor attitude and behaviour of service providers operating in the health insurance scheme. The aim of this study was to investigate the awareness and perception regarding health insurance among community people in a municipality.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional survey assessing awareness and perception of community people on health insurance was conducted using a structured questionnaire in Bardibas municipality of Mahottari district of Nepal during the month of August 2019 to October 2019. A total of 422 sample were selected by use of simple random sampling technique and face-to-face interview was conducted using the structured questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was applied to test the effects of independent variables after adjusted potential confounders. A p-value ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS: Participants who were from age group of less than 30 years [aOR 2.82; 95% CI (1.46-5.47)] of male gender [aOR 2.03; 95% CI (1.13-3.66)], from upper caste [aOR 6.22; 95% CI (2.97-13.0)], and had higher secondary education level and above [aOR 4.66; 95% CI (2.81-7.74)] were likely to have adequate level of awareness than counterparts. Likewise, participants who were married [aOR 3.46; 95% CI (1.57- 7.63)], had higher secondary education level and above [aOR 4.74; 95% CI (2.85- 7.87)], and involved in services or business [aOR 8.67; 95% CI (3.54-21.23)], were more likely to have satisfactory perception on health insurance.

CONCLUSIONS: Education level and occupation has influence on the level of awareness and perception of health insurance. Therefore, awareness programme on health insurance need to be implemented through mass media campaign.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dental Caries among Basic School Children in Kathmandu Metropolitan City, Nepal: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Giri Mahendra , Pandit Shailesh Kumar , Oli Hari Prasad , Giri Sujata
Published: February 2022

INTRODUCTION: Oral health problems of school children are one of the most common health related problem in the world. The prevalence of dental caries is significantly higher in school children. In Nepal, the morbidity of dental caries is very high among school children compared to other age groups. Dental caries is neglected at initial stages in children, but when the disease becomes progressive the treatment options being one of the most expensive and unaffordable. This study sought to identity the prevalence and associated risk factors of dental caries among basic school children age group from 6-12 years.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study design was carried out among school children. . A semi-structured questionnaire was developed and face to face interview method was used to collect information from two public schools and two private schools of Kathmandu metropolitan City. Purposive sampling technique was applied. DMFT (Decayed, Missed, Filled, Teeth) index was adopted to measure mixed dentition, and also to assess the oral health status of school children. The collected data was entered and analyzed using IBM SPSS-20.

RESULTS: Among 274 participants, there were equal number of female and male students (Female: 137, Male: 137), likewise the number of participants from public and private school was also equal. The prevalence of dental caries among school children was found to be 55.84% and there was significant association between frequency of brushing with dental caries (p=0.001). 176 (64.2%) of the participants consumed normal food, 56 (20.4%) consumed junk food and 39 (14.2%) consumed spicy food. The consumption of different food types played a significant role in the occurrence of dental caries.

CONCLUSIONS: Frequency of brushing and types of food consumption are significantly associated with the higher prevalence of dental caries among school children. Regular dental check-up and good brushing practice can reduce the prevalence of dental caries in school children. Hence, continuous oral health programs including demonstration of proper brushing technique along with oral health awareness programs at school can help to reduce the burden of dental caries among school children.
The cosmic microwave background and mass power spectrum profiles for a novel and efficient model of dark energy
Authors: Matos Tonatiuh , Téllez-Tovar Luis Osvaldo
Published: February 2022

In a previous work [1] it was shown that by considering the quantum nature of the gravitational field mediator, it is possible to introduce the momentum energy of the graviton into the Einstein equations as an effective cosmological constant. The Compton Mass Dark Energy (CMaDE) model proposes that this momentum can be interpreted as dark energy, with a Compton wavelength given by the size of the observable universe RH, implying that the dark energy varies depending on this size. The main result of this previous work is the existence of an effective cosmological constant Λ = 2π2/λ2 that varies very slowly, being λ = (c/H0)RH the graviton Compton wavelength. In the present work we use that the dark energy density rate is given by ΩΛ = 2π2/3/RH2 , it only has the curvature Ωk as a free constant and depends exclusively on the radiation rate Ωr. Using Ωr = 9.54×10−5, the theoretical prediction for a flat universe of the dark energy rate is ΩΛ = 0.6922. We perform a general study for a non-flat universe, using the Planck data and a modified version of the CLASS code we find an excellent concordance with the Cosmic Microwave Background and Mass Power Spectrum profiles, provided that the Hubble parameter today is H0 = 72.6 km/s/Mpc for an universe with curvature Ωk = −0.003. We conclude that the CMaDE model provides a natural explanation for the accelerated expansion and the coincidence problem of the universe.
Optical and thermal properties of the half-Heusler VFeSb and NbFeSb alloys
Authors: Bencherif Kaddour
Published: February 2022

In this work, we used the First-principles method Fplapw based on density functional theory (DFT) to study the thermal and optical properties of Half-Heusler compounds VFeSb and NbFeSb. These materials are characterized with a small and narrow band gap semiconductors close to the fermi level; following the electron number and other structural properties of these materials have a high performance thermoelectric .In our calculations, we will use the structural and electronic properties for our materials already calculated in previous publications. The modified Becke–Johnson exchange potential (mBJ)-LDA approach was also used. Optical properties such as complex dielectric function, refractive index, reflectivity, energy loss function for incident photon energy up to 30eV have been predicted. We also analyze the influence of the pressure and temperature on the primitive cell volume, heat capacity, volume expansion coefficient, and Debye temperature of the Half-Heusler compounds.
مراجعة كتاب التاريخ والنظرية والنصّ: "المؤرخون والمنعطف اللغوي" ل إليزابيث كلارك
Authors: عثمان عمرو
Published: February 2022

عنوان الكتاب: History, Theory, Text: Historians and the Linguistic Turn.
المؤلف: إليزابيث كلارك.
الناشر: دار نشر جامعة هارفارد.
مكان النشر: كامبريدج/ لندن.
سنة النشر: 2004.
عدد الصفحات: 336 صفحة.
The body and the deed. Places of rape in Swedish court narratives
Authors: Andersson Ulrika
Published: February 2022

A fundamental starting point for this article is that place in a broad sense is a crucial, yet forgotten, dimension in the legal analysis of rape. Therefore, in this study I ask what role place has in the adjudication of rape; in the interpretation of rape law as well as in the evaluation of evidence. I analyze three Swedish rape cases, two from the Supreme Court, marking out the sexual act of rape, and one case from an appellate court, applying this rule. The latter is closely related to the Swedish #metoo movement and extremely high-profiled. I take a closer look at how the act of rape is linked to place in these judgements. Concretely, I study the narration and classification of the crimes, including the legal labelling and the positioning and portrayal of the complainant and the defendant. My main conclusion is that place is quite absent in the courts’ legal narratives of rape. In my view, notwithstanding obvious place-related events. Apart from stressing the place of the body, in the first case, place was absent in the legal narratives in all instances. The court did not touch upon the question of whether the complainant should be able to feel safe in her own home and not have to fear violence and abuse. Nor did it touch upon similar aspects in the third case where the occupational and the public character of the place and shame, according to the victim’s own story, hindered her from reacting loudly. In the second case, the appellate court invoked place by implicitly stressing home and belonging when noting that the young man was far from home, thus being particularly vulnerable. Later the Supreme Court declared that sexual vulnerability should not be related to place at all and decided not to label the event as rape.
Women and Gender Relations during the Pandemic in Morocco
Authors: Ennaji Moha
Published: February 2022

Covid-19 has totally disrupted all activities and social affairs, including gender relations and men’s and women’s living conditions. This article focuses on the negative repercussions of the Covid-19 pandemic on women and gender roles in Morocco. It reveals that the pandemic has burdened women with more housework and duties at home, and that violence against them has risen, especially among working class women and housemaids who are particularly socio-economically vulnerable. Many of them have lost their income and feel isolated and lonely, with hardly any opportunity to recuperate their activity, to visit their relatives, or meet new people, and consequently no one to turn to for support. Domestic violence is the most common type of violence against women in Morocco during this pandemic. The fieldwork I conducted in Fès city and its region reveals that some women and girls are often beaten up by their husbands, fathers, or brothers and many cases of such incidents have reached courts and the media. However, these battered women rarely approach the police for assistance because they are often unaware of their legal rights, on the one hand, and because they believe that the police may be biased against them, on the other. Nevertheless, there is a silver lining in this crisis: in a few households, many men show willingness to help with the housework and to provide more care to their children’s education and distance learning. The article ends with recommendations for reform of practices and laws with the purpose of eliminating violence against women in both the private and the public spaces, and proposes education, legislation, and law enforcement as valuable tools to combat such violence.
An Empirical Study of Parental Mediation in Islamabad, Pakistan
Authors: Munawar Rehana , Ahmed Munib , Zainab Sana
Published: February 2022

This research aims to enhance knowledge of children’s media usage on daily basis, their parents’ perspectives and mediation regarding their children media usage activities in Islamabad, Pakistan. A better understanding of the experiences of children’s media usage provides the necessary context for all the stakeholders to judge whether children use media devices critically or they get more exposure towards harmful impact. The finding suggests that with the growing possibilities of media among children, to control or restrict their media related activities is not sufficient rather children need to be prepared to critically analyze the media. Thus, this study proposes the need of media literacy for children empowerment at primary school level. Therefore, this study can contribute the literature in terms of what mediation strategies are adopted by the parents in Islamabad, Pakistan to monitor their children’s media related activities at home.
Social Responsibility in Sanatan Dharm (Hinduism) (Four-fold Social Class System and Rejection of Untouchability)
Authors: Naz Sabir , Khaliq Abdul , Ahmad Rasheed
Published: February 2022

Hinduism (Sanatan Dharm) provides social life guidance. The four main Varṇs (classes) i.e., Brahman,Khashtri, Vaish, and Shudr suggest an ethics for all the main human activities in society. But the Brahmans often misconstrued the true meaning of this class system and considered them superior in society. They oppressed the Shudras caused them much suffering. Many Hindu thinkers and writers have conceded these historical facts. They have tried to remind Hindus of their true values and social responsibility. Modern Hindu thinkers have been inspired by the classics of Sanatan Dharm, such as the Bhagavad Gita and the Ramayan. These classics articulate the social values of human beings, according to Sanatan Dharm. The Dharm never lets anybody down based on Varn, caste, creed, blood,or profession. Shrila Prabhupada, Swami Vivekanand, Dr. Ambedkar all are modern authors whose thinking has developed these values into a social philosophy.
Lateral versus prone robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw placement: a CT-based comparative assessment of accuracy
Authors: Fayed Islam , Tai Alexander , Triano Matthew J. , Weitz Daniel , Sayah Anousheh , Voyadzis Jean-Marc , Sandhu Faheem A.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE

Single-position lateral lumbar interbody fusion (SP-LLIF) has recently gained significant popularity due to increased operative efficiency, but it remains technically challenging. Robot-assisted percutaneous pedicle screw (RA-PPS) placement can facilitate screw placement in the lateral position. The authors have reported their initial experience with SP-LLIF with RA-PPS placement in the lateral position, and they have compared this accuracy with that of RA-PPS placement in the prone position.

METHODS

The authors reviewed prospectively collected data from their first 100 lateral-position RA-PPSs. The authors graded screw accuracy on CT and compared it to the accuracy of all prone-position RA-PPS procedures during the same time period. The authors analyzed the effect of several demographic and perioperative metrics, as a whole and specifically for lateral-position RA-PPS placement.

RESULTS

The authors placed 99 lateral-position RA-PPSs by using the ExcelsiusGPS robotic platform in the first 18 consecutive patients who underwent SP-LLIF with postoperative CT imaging; these patients were compared with 346 prone-position RA-PPSs that were placed in the first consecutive 64 patients during the same time period. All screws were placed at L1 to S1. Overall, the lateral group had 14 breaches (14.1%) and the prone group had 25 breaches (7.2%) (p = 0.032). The lateral group had 5 breaches (5.1%) greater than 2 mm (grade C or worse), and the prone group had 4 (1.2%) (p = 0.015). The operative level had an effect on the breach rate, with breach rates (grade C or worse) of 7.1% at L3 and 2.8% at L4. Most breaches were grade B (< 2 mm) and lateral, and no breach had clinical sequelae or required revision. Within the lateral group, multivariate regression analysis demonstrated that BMI and number of levels affected accuracy, but the side that was positioned up or down did not.

CONCLUSIONS

RA-PPSs can improve the feasibility of SP-LLIF. Spine surgeons should be cautious and selective with this technique owing to decreased accuracy in the lateral position, particularly in obese patients. Further studies should compare SP-LLIF techniques performed while the patient is in the prone and lateral positions.
DESAIN BAHAN AJAR UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ARABMADRASAH IBTIDAIYAH
Authors: Husnan Husnan
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Merancang bahan ajar agar mudah dipahami oleh para siswa adalah bagian tidak terpisahkan dari tugas seorang guru. Untuk itu guru harus memperkaya diri dengan berbagai pengetahuan agar mereka mampu mendesain bahan ajar yang dapat digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran. Guru harus memiliki berbagai pertimbangan dan pendekatan ketika merancang bahan ajar. Pendekatan yang harus dipegang oleh seorang guru ketika merancanga bahan ajar adalah pendekatan ilmu dan teknologi, pendekatan social budaya dan pendekatan psikologi. Selain itu patut menjadi pertimbangan bahwa syarat mutlak agar proses pembelajaran dapat berjalan dengan baik maka setiap komponen pembelajaran mulai dari guru, siswa, materi, metode dan evaluasi harus memiliki memiliki porsi yang seimbang sehingga komonikasi dialogis akan terus terjadi demi menciptakan suasana kelas yang terus hidup. Abstract:  Designing the teaching materials to be easily understood by the students is an integral part of a teacher's assignment. Therefore, teachers must enrich themselves with a variety of knowledge so that they can design teaching materials that are usable in the learning process. Teachers should have various considerations and approaches when designing teaching materials. The approach that a teacher must hold when the teaching material is an approach to science and technology, a social culture approach and a psychological approach. In addition it should be considered that the absolute requirement for the learning process to run properly then every component of learning ranging from teachers, students, materials, methods and evaluation should have a balanced portion so that the comsonity Dialogical will continue to create an atmosphere of a living class.
PENERAPAN METODE TSAQIFA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN AL QURAN DI RUMAH TAHSIN DESA GEGUTU KACANG KECAMATAN REMBIGA
Authors: Saprun, Mappanyompa Saprun, Mappanyompa
Published: February 2022

Abstrak: Metode tsaqifa memiliki keistimewaan dari metode yang lain, yaitu menjadikan peserta didik lebih mandiri, lebih aktif dan tidak membosankan didalam proses pembelajaran, artinya peserta didik menjadi lebih aktif didalam proses pembelajaran karena metode yang diberikan didalam buku ini menggunakan pola latihan-latihan kemandirian dan berkesinambungan.  Penelitian yang penulis lakukan adalah penelitian lapangan (field research) yang pengumpulan datanya dilakukan secara langsung dari lokasi penelitian. Data-data penelitian ini diperoleh langsung dari rumah tahsin gegutu kacang kecamatan rembige dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Data-data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dengan menggunakan teknik analisis interaktif Model Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, menyajikan data, hingga memverifikasi dan menyimpulkan data, selain itu juga peneliti menggunakan tindakan kelas (classroom Action Research). Hasil yang diharapakan dalam penelitian ini peneliti menemukan hasil yang bermanfaat untuk kepentingan lembaga rumah tahsin, peneliti berharap (1) Para peserta didik memiliki kemampuan membaca al-Qur’an dengan setandar bacaan yang baik dan benar berdasarkan aturan-aturan didalam membaca al-Quran. (2)  Tercapainya target yang diharapkan yaitu mampu membaca sesuai dengan kaidah tajwid. (3)  Menjadi tambaha refrensi dalam belajar mengajar al-Qur’an.Abstract: Tsaqifa method has the privilege of other methods, namely making learners more independent, more active and not boring in the learning process, meaning that learners become more active in the learning process because the methods given in this book use the pattern of self-reliance and continuous exercises.  The research that the author did was field research which collected data directly from the research location. The research data was obtained directly from the house of tahsin gegutu kacang rembige sub-district using observations, interviews, and documentation. The data collected were analyzed using interactive analysis techniques of Model Miles and Huberman that include data reduction, presenting data, to verify and infer data, in addition to researchers using classroom action research. The results expected in this study researchers found useful results for the benefit of the institution of tahsin house, researchers hope (1) The learners have the ability to read the Qur'an with a setandar good and correct reading based on the rules in reading the Quran. (2) Achieving the expected target of being able to read in accordance with tajwid rules. (3) To be added to the refrensi in learning to teach the Qur'an.
INSTITUTE OF FEMALE SHAMANISM AMONG THE EVENKS OF THE FAR EAST (BASED ON THE MATERIALS OF THE MATERIALS OF THEIR RESEARCH)
Authors:   Alexander Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Unru S.A.
Published: February 2022

In the course of field research on the territory of three Evenki settlements (Iengra Neryungrinsky ulus of the Yakutia, Pervomayskoye and Bomnak of the Amur region), we collected information about the features of mythology, genealogy, formation, equipment and practice of female shamans. The purpose of the study was to describe female shamanism among the Evenks, its current state, work with shamans, their clients, interviewing the local population, meetings and conversations with representatives of local administrations, work in scientific archives and local history museums, video recording of interviews, rituals, holidays, ceremonies, daily life of the Evenks. During the expedition, 35 people related to shamanism were interviewed. A video recording of shamanic ritual was made. More than 1000 photos, 20 hours of audio, 22 hours of video were recorded. Archival videos on the traditional culture of the Evenks of the Far East, including female shamanism, have been collected. The materials of the expedition work confirmed the existence of female shamanism as a separate institution in the culture of the Far Eastern Evenks. In the studied areas, both male and female shamans really practice, and ethnophores were able to describe the differences between male and female shamanism. While observing the general principles of the cult, the female version of shamanism has specific features. This is found in the form of shamanic gift transmission, the course of shamanic disease, the age when shamanic practice begins, the field of activity and the style of the ritual. Female shamans use special methods of treatment and divination, have a costume and attributes that differ from men's. Often male shamans and female shamans are in a confrontation at the sacred level. The status of female shamans is quite high and is not inferior to the status of male shamans.
THE CONCEPT OF THE TRINITY "SYMBOL-SIGN-IMAGE" IN THE TRADITIONAL ARTISTIC CULTURE OF THE PEOPLES OF THE ARCTIC
Authors:   Alexander Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Sanzheeva L.V.
Published: February 2022

The article analyzes the "concept" as a cultural toolkit in the study of artistic forms of traditional culture. The concept of the trinity "Symbol-Sign-Image" is determined, reflecting the universal properties of artistic meanings and creative heritage in the context of the unification of the ethnic modern world. In modern times, with significant ethnic differences in traditional culture in Artik, universal concepts have developed that create stable forms, identified with certain ethnic groups and states. The concept of "concept" in the context of culturological tools is determined by the totality of scientific approaches to the study of traditional artistic culture. To date, there is no single definition of the concept, since the categorical-methodological toolkit reflects many aspects of the studied objects of the concept, associated with the diversity of identifying essential characteristics and features of cultural phenomena. The potential of a concept as a methodological toolkit is determined by its universal properties. Thus, the concept of the trinity "Symbol-Sign-Image" has all the features of an instrument of cultural knowledge.
TECHNOLOGY AS A FACTOR IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF CULTURAL IDEALS
Authors:   Krasnoyarsk Regional House of Science and Technology, Pivovarov G.O.
Published: February 2022

This article defines the basic concepts of culture and ideal. The main chronological stages of the development of society from the moment of the formation of the oral tradition to the period of industrialization are revealed. The article deals with the development of the “hard core” of culture and its “protective belt” according to the methodology of the research program of I. Lakatos. Thanks to this, it was possible to identify the fundamental attitudes that make up the "hard core" of culture and the "protective belt" of this core, presented in everyday life. The dynamics of changes in cultural attitudes of the "hard core" and "protective belt" of culture, depending on the development of technology, has been revealed. Thanks to the concept of D.V. Pivovarov's culture is considered from the standpoint of the ideal-forming side of life. The methods and three models of the formation of the ideals of culture, which form the basis of the "Solid core", are revealed. Considered the synthetic concept of the ideal. A historical example of the interaction of all three models is given, confirming the applicability of the synthetic concept to everyday life.
CITIZENS OF FISCAL STATE AS FISCAL AGENTS: MECHANISM OF THE RUSSIAN REPARTITIONAL TAX COMMISSIONS BASED ON THE NOVONIKOLAEVSK DOCUMENTS OF 1907
Authors:   History Institute of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirillov A.K.
Published: February 2022

Concept of the modern fiscal state serves to designate a state that is concerned not only with the regularity of tax receipts, but also with their fairness. Tax commissions (tax authorities consisting of taxpayers) constitute an exclusive feature of the tax system of a fiscal state at the stage of the introduction of income taxes. Repartitional tax commissions engaged with the distribution of the trade tax between small entrepreneurs were at Russia the first type of tax commissions. The goal of this work is to find out how the repartitional commissions operated to accomplish their main task — to verify the information reported by payers in their tax returns and to determine the profits of each enterprise. Case study is applied to reach this goal. The documents studied concern the work of the 2nd Tomsk district repartitional commission considering complaints of taxpayers about the incorrect determination of their profits at 1907. As result several features of the commission's work are established. The commission would defend vigorously the figures of profit that it charged to the payers during the taxation process: most of the complaints were rejected. Nevertheless, the commission was ready to take into account newly discovered facts favorable to the payers: in some cases, the figure of the payment was reduced. It is established that both the tax inspector and the payers' representatives played an essential role in collecting the facts necessary for reasonable decision-making on each objection. Useful information of the taxpayers would be would taken into account due to the participation of taxpayers' representatives in the meeting of the commission, as well as due to the preliminary collecting of information by the inspector from "trade deputies" and from the "informed persons". In many cases, they disposed of direct information on the amount of proceeds of the discussed enterprise; indirect indicators were also used. It was due to this cooperation between officials and taxpayers' representatives that Russia appeared capable of introducing at the early 20th century (in step with the countries of the West) the modern taxation system that let the state with its few tax officials to "peer into the face" of each individual taxpayer.
TWO TACTICS FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE POLICY OF "INDIGENOUSIZATION" IN THE FIELD OF EDUCATION AMONG NORTHERN NATIONAL MINORITIES. (TO THE HISTORY OF THE NORTHERN NATIONALITIES DEPARTMENT OF THE HERZEN PEDAGOGICAL INSTITUTE IN THE 1930S)
Authors:   Alexander Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Lapina I.A.
Published: February 2022

The article is devoted to the history of the Department of Northern Nationalities, created in 1929 as part of the Herzen Pedagogical Institute in Leningrad in connection with the implementation of the strategy of "leveling the historical curve" in the field of ethno-national politics - achieving de facto equality of the peoples of the USSR. This strategy was carried out in the 1920s-1930s through the "indigenousization" of peoples in a certain territory, assigned to them within the framework of national republics, territories, districts and village councils, which required an increase in the status of the native language, the formation of national managerial personnel and intelligentsia. Taking into account the tasks of socialist modernization, the "indigenization" of the school and the education system among small peoples in the remote regions of the North, Siberia and the Far East could not be carried out "mechanically" - through the direct involvement of the local population in the process of administrative management and teaching, because many peoples simply did not have a written language. In relation to them, another scenario of “indigenization” was chosen - “functional”. The training of the intelligentsia from among the northern peoples first began to be carried out through the workers' faculty, created in 1925. at the Leningrad University and transformed in 1930. to the Institute of the Peoples of the North. However, the implementation of broad plans for the modernization of remote regions depended on the creation of an education system in them, covering the entire population. A necessary condition for this was the large- scale organization of professional pedagogical education. The history of the first decade of the Northern branch of the Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute named after A.I. Herzen, recreated on the basis of a comparison of historical sources, demonstrates what problems and difficulties had to be overcome on this path.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF ETHNIC STUDIES
Authors:   Siberian Federal University, Degtyarenko K.A.
Published: February 2022

The specificity of the study of ethnic identification and self-identification of the indigenous peoples of the northern and arctic territories has a solid theoretical and methodological base, built on numerous works of domestic and foreign scientists. Particular attention to the issue of ethnos, ethnicity begins to be traced from the beginning of the 19th century. In this article, the features of the development of ethnic studies are recorded. The processes of the birth and further development of domestic science in the field of ethnography and anthropology, as well as the fundamental concepts of key scientists significant for the theory of ethnos and the theory of ethnicity are subject to separate consideration.
International Short Course in Pictures: Utilizing Photovoice to Promote an Indonesian Student's Intercultural Awareness
Authors: Hidayati Arini Nurul , Yunita Widia , Abdullah Fuad
Published: February 2022

Capturing moments through photos has now become a common phenomenon in various circles, including academics. It aims to perpetuate every historical value in the life of an individual. In this article, the authors attempt to explore how an Indonesian student experienced her inaugural intercultural journey during a two-month short course program in Ireland, a pathway program to prepare prospective Ph.D students with academic and social skills, through photographs that she took amid the program. This perspective of intercultural travel is embedded in the personal and cultural identities of the participant. This article uses photovoice analysis to exemplify how the participant negotiated her natural identities, institutions, discourses, and affinities during intercultural interaction. The data used in this study are photographs taken by the participant and her voices on those photos guided by the SHOWeD model. The authors employed Pierce’s semiotic approach to scrutinize the symbols, icons, and indexes contained in the Photovoice. The results of the analysis indicate that the participant experienced a plethora of moments that aroused her intercultural awareness, starting from managing the initial self-conflicts, adjusting in the fast-paced academic culture by interacting with cultural actors, and responding positively to all stimuli that came during intercultural interactions. Needless to say, challenges are also present as self-development reinforcement. However, this constraint was considered as a self-defense mechanism and an attempt to respect the self, not as a failure of intercultural interaction.  In conclusion, the student is currently no longer a cultural observer and imitator, but rather a cultural actor.
The Cerebrovascular Reactivity-Adjusted Spontaneous Brain Activity Abnormalities in White Matter Hyperintensities Related Cognitive Impairment: A Resting-State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Ni Ling , Sun Wenshan , Yang Dan , Huang Lili , Shao Pengfei , Wang Chong , Xu Yun
Published: February 2022

Background: The BOLD signal is regulated by neuronal activity and vascular physiology. The evolution pattern of brain activities after modulating the vascular factors in white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) related cognitive impairment (CI) was unknown. Objective: To explore the “pure” low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) alterations after adjusting the cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) factor. Methods: In this study, 111 WMHs subjects including 55 with CI (WMH-CI) and 56 without CI (WMH-no-CI), and 72 normal controls (NCs) underwent resting-state fMRI. The CVR and ALFF maps were derived using BOLD data. A voxel-wise Pearson analysis was performed to detect the relationship between CVR and ALFF maps. The ANCOVA analysis with and without CVR as a covariate was conducted to explore the effect of CVR on ALFF analysis. Correlation between the ALFF alterations and cognitive performance was conducted in WMH-CI subjects. The receiver operating characteristic curve was constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of ALFF indexes to determine the occurrence of CI. Results: There was a significant widespread correlation between the CVR and ALFF maps. The ALFF alterations between the WMH groups and NC group with CVR as covariate were more than those without CVR as covariate. WMH-CI subjects showed further ALFF alterations when compared with WMH-no-CI subjects. The abnormal ALFF values were significantly associated with poor performance. The combination of inferior frontal gyrus and middle frontal gyrus to PCC provided an incremental contribution to the occurrence of CI. Conclusion: More areas with abnormal ALFF values which were specific to the WMHs related cognitive dysfunction were detected when considering the impact of CVR.
Prospective Memory and Default Mode Network Functional Connectivity in Normal and Pathological Aging
Authors: Hsu Yen-Hsuan , Huang Sheng-Min , Lin Shih-Yeh , Yang Jir-Jei , Tu Min-Chien , Kuo Li-Wei
Published: February 2022

Background: Prospective memory (PM), the ability to execute a previously formed intention given the proper circumstance, has been proven to be vulnerable to Alzheimer’s disease. Previous studies have indicated the involvement of the frontoparietal networks; however, it is proposed that PM may also be associated with other neural substrates that support stimulus-dependent spontaneous cognition. Objective: The present study aimed to examine the hypothesis that PM deficit in Alzheimer’s disease is related to altered functional connectivity (FC) within the default mode network (DMN). Methods: Thirty-four patients with very mild or mild dementia (17 with Alzheimer’s disease and 17 with subcortical ischemic vascular disease) and 22 cognitively-normal participants aged above 60 received a computerized PM task and resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study. Seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed at group level within the DMN. Results: We found that the dementia groups showed worse PM performance and altered FC within the DMN as compared to the normal aging individuals. The FC between the medial prefrontal cortices and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex was significantly correlated with PM in normal aging, while the FC between the right precuneus and bilateral inferior parietal lobules was correlated with PM in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: These findings support a potential role for the DMN in PM, and corroborate that PM deficit in Alzheimer’s disease was associated with altered FC within the posterior hubs of the DMN, with spatial patterning different from normal aging.
Traffic priority based delay aware scheduling for co-located WBANs
Authors: Pradhan Prajna Paramita , Bhattacharjee Sanghita
Published: February 2022

Wireless Body Area Network (WBAN) is a promising solution that has gained significant attraction in the human health monitoring system. Body sensors measure the physiological parameters of the human body and send the data to the access point via coordinator or local processing unit (e.g., smartphones, PDA) for further analysis. Data transmission from the local processing unit to the access point, known as inter-WBAN transmission, is challenging since many problems such as interference, poor link quality, and scarcity of resources can arise. As a result, data may be lost, or transmission may be delayed, which turn can endanger the user’s health. The situation could be worse when the user suffers from critical diseases and has to coordinate with other WBANs co-located in the same vicinity. This paper focuses on dynamic slot scheduling and topology handling of WBAN, whose neighborhood is constantly changing due to its mobility. To guarantee the performance of different WBAN’s criticality; we propose Critically Aware Threshold Sensitive (CATS) scheduling algorithm for coexisting WBANs data transmission. CATS treats all the nodes in the same WBAN as a whole and allocates the same slot to nodes of the WBAN so that the data transmission delay of a critical WBAN can be minimized. The proposed method categories and schedules the WBANs based on the sensor data priority and WBAN’s criticality index. Furthermore, we have considered for categorizing the WBANs into various groups. In this work, the network performance is evaluated using these threshold values. Simulations are conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed CATS against the existing scheduling algorithms with respect to various performance metrics. Simulation results show that the proposed method has lower transmission delay and higher spatial reuse factor.
Evaluation of vaspin and irisin hormones levels in diabetic rats and relationship with diet
Authors: Tuğgüm Sergen , Bozkır Çiğdem , Aslan Serkan , Yılmaz Ahsen , Çelikkol Aliye
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND:

Type-2 diabetes with an increasing prevalence is a public health problem. Irisin and vaspin, which are secreted a majority from adipose tissue, are discovered hormones recently, and their effects on diabetes are studied.

OBJECTIVE:

This study aims to the effects of diet on these hormones levels in diabetic rats.

METHODS:

In this study, ten-week-old 18 Wistar-Albino rats were divided into three groups randomly. The diabetic group ( n = 6) was fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Other rats were divided into two control groups, one of them ( n = 6) was fed a control diet (CD), and the other group ( n = 6) was fed HFD. The feeding time for all groups was 4 weeks. Streptozotocin (STZ) was used for diabetes induction in rats.

RESULTS:

At the end of the four weeks, the body weight of the diabetic group decreased significantly. In the diabetic group compared to the control groups, it was observed that besides high fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride, total cholesterol levels, and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) scores. Vaspin levels were significantly higher in diabetic rats, while irisin levels were similar between groups. Besides, vaspin level correlation with biochemical parameters such as glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, and HOMA-IR score was significant.

CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, this study showed that besides the evidence that vaspine is a hormone associated with diabetes, diet composition could give an opinion about the type-2 diabetes process by looking at hormone levels.
SPORTS THEORY OF ORIGIN OF THE STANCE H. ORTEGI-Y-GASSETA
Authors:   Donetsk Law Institute, MIA of Ukraine, Kryvyi Rih, Turenko Oleh
Published: February 2022

The theory of sport of H. Ortegi-y-Gasset, its ont-epistemological and socio-historical principles is interpreted. The sports theory of the origins of the state of Ortega is an element and justification of the concepts of rationalism and perspective. The origin of the state is interpreted by the Iberian ambivalently – as a result of irrational passion, the awakening of the creative and erotic enthusiasm of young men who have devoted themselves to the sporty-aristocratic type of life and sustainable socio-economic processes, a certain historical maturity of the people, and the maturity of the people. The process of state formation took place in an agony – a spontaneously competitive atmosphere of self-improvement of all participants in the struggle. Agon is characterized by cruelty and the desire for institutional unity, which laid the foundation for a new social order – a heterogeneous state, where the individual had greater autonomy and freedom than in the past homogeneous hordes. The formation of the state also accompanied the formation of new, worldviews, which opened a new level of rationalization of social life and cultural and military expansion and became the basis for the formation of social harmony (concordia) between the "age classes", between men and women, between blood relatives and related tribes. connections. Moreover, in order to preserve the new form of social order and prevent a state of misunderstanding, break the consolidation of social units (discordia), all social strata had to maintain the social elasticity and militaryhierarchical structure, which is headed by a representative body of the old generations and representative. The newest ideas were fixed by the mythological tradition, festive rituals and the principle of state violence. Also, the formation of the state formed a new anthropological type – women agreeing to their abduction, submit to the ruler and willingness to be the sole owner of the house – a private, and a man – an ascetic warrior, the owner of a woman and the creator of a new form of family (monogamous), with her cell – home. With the formation of a new form of family, the emergence of the institute of private property and the state, man reached the newest horizons of freedom – he was given freedom from the old blood-related control, a relative social opportunity to independently determine their future, and therefore the future of their people.
Analisis Manajemen Risiko dalam Pembiayaan Murabahah pada PT. BPRS Baiturrahman di Aceh Besar
Authors: Mukhlis Mukhlis
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Prosedur Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah, implementasi Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah, Dampak Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah dan Bagaimana Pelaksanaan Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah dalam Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Islam. penelitian ini menggunakan desain kualitatif deskriptif. Data peneltian diperoleh dari survey, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik deskriptif yang penerapannya dilakukan dalam tiga alur tahapan, yaitu tahap reduksi data, tahap display (mengelompokkan data), dan tahap verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Prosedur Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah yang diterapkan oleh PT. BPRS Baiturrahman sangat kongkret dan detail serta menjadi acuan dalam proses pembiayaan Murabahah. Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Murabahah pada PT. BPRS Baiturrahman menggunakan prinsip kehati-hatian dengan faktor 5 C, yaitu Character, Capacity, Capital, Colleteral dan Condition. Implementasi Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan Murabahah tidak berjalan secara maksimal, hal tersebut terlihat dari peningkatan NPF pembiayaan murabahah. Pelaksanaan Manajemen Risiko Pembiayaan berdasarkan Perspektif Hukum Ekonomi Islam, secara umum pelaksanaan manajemen risiko pembiayaan murabahahah pada PT. BPRS Baiturrahman sangat memperhatikan ketentuan terkait pelaksanan sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah yang berlaku diantaranya Fatwa DSN-MUI No.04/DSN-MUI/IV/2000 dalam pelaksanaan nya diawasi oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah.
Minangkabau’s Adat Law Reflected In Abdulkarim Khiratullah’s Novel Mencari Cinta Yang Hilang
Authors: Zakia Putri
Published: February 2022

Minangkabau’s Adat law has developed for centuries. In its development, Minangkabau’s Adat law has given significant contributions to the dynamics and the continuity of Minangkabau’s society. Minangkabau’s society is matrilineal; it is not patriarchal in which the chief of a clan is always a man. In matrilineal, the women of the clan will be the chief and they can sack men if they do not do a good job. This paper studies first, what the types of Minangkabau’s Adat laws are reflected in the novel; second, how the implementations of Minangkabau’s Adat laws are in the novel. This study focuses on the analysis of Minangkabau’s Adat law reflected in Abdulkarim Khiratullah’s novel Mencari Cinta yang Hilang. As the research design is very crucial to conducting a research, this study applied descriptive qualitative research as its research design.  It is important to carry out this research because it has fascinated many researchers due to the co-existence of contradictory elements with Islamic regulation like matrilineal family structure, marriage system and inheritance regulations.