bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Issues concerning the determination of solubility products of sparingly soluble crystalline solids: solubility of HfO2(cr)
Authors: Rai Dhanpat , Kitamura Akira , Rosso Kevin M. , Sasaki Takayuki , Kobayashi Taishi
Published: August 2016

Solubility studies were conducted with HfO2(cr) solid as a function HCl and ionic strength ranging from 2.0 to 0.004 mol kg−1. These studies involved 1) using two different amounts of the solid phase, 2) acid washing the bulk solid phase, 3) preheating the solid phase to 1400 °C, and 4) heating amorphous HfO2(am) suspensions to 90 °C to ascertain whether the HfO2(am) converts to HfO2(cr) and to determine the solubility from the oversaturation direction. Based on the results of these treatments it is concluded that the HfO2(cr) contains a small fraction of less crystalline, but not amorphous, material [HfO2(lcr)] and this, rather than the HfO2(cr), is the solubility-controlling phase in the range of experimental variables investigated in this study. The solubility data are interpreted using both the Pitzer and SIT models and they provide log10
K
0 values of −(59.75±0.35)and −(59.48±0.41), respectively, for the solubility product of HfO2(lcr)[HfO2(lcr) + 2H2O ⇌ Hf4+ + 4OH−]. The log10 of the solubility product of HfO2(cr)is estimated to be < −63. The observation of a small fraction of less crystalline higher solubility material is consistent with the general picture that mineral surfaces are often structurally and/or compositionally imperfect leading to a higher solubility than the bulk crystalline solid. This study stresses the urgent need, during interpretation of solubility data, of taking precautions to make certain that the observed solubility behavior for sparingly-soluble solids is assigned to the proper solid phase.
Assessment of the effect of rainfall dynamics on the storm overflow performance
Authors: Szeląg Bartosz
Published: August 2016

Assessment of the effect of rainfall dynamics on the storm overfl ow performance. This research study analyzes the effect of the rainfall characteristics (total and maximum 10-, 15- and 30-minute rainfall depth, its duration, the dry weather period) on the performance of the emergency overflow weir located at the inflow to an existing treatment plant. The analyses used the numerical calculation results of the inflow hydrographs performed in the SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) program on the basis of six-year-long rainfall measurement sequence. The obtained simulation results for the analysed catchment allowed for the performance of statistical analyses, which demonstrated that the volume of stormwater discharge, the maximum instantaneous flow and the share of stormwater volume discharged through the emergency overflow weir in relation to the total volume of the inflow hydrograph from the catchment are affected by the maximum 30-minute rainfall depth, whereas the discharge duration is affected by the depth of the catchment rainfall layer. Taking into account the results of statistical and hydraulic calculations it can be concluded that in the case of the analysed catchment the performance of the emergency overflow weir is affected to the greatest extent by the rainfall intensity distribution.
On Certain Types of Functions via Generalized Open Sets
Authors: Roy Bishwambhar
Published: August 2016

The aim of this paper is to introduce some new classes of functions termed as somewhat (μ, λ)-continuous functions, somewhat (μ, λ)-open functions and hardly (μ, λ)-open functions. Some properties of these newly defined functions are discussed in this paper. Relationships among these functions are also being studied.
Interpret or Describe?
Authors: Schmitt Cannon
Published: August 2016

In “Narrate or Describe?” (1936), Georg Lukács codified the aesthetic superiority of narration to description. Current debates around descriptive approaches in literary studies reprise this binary in a critical register, valorizing interpretation over description (or, less frequently, vice versa). Beginning with a reconsideration of Lukács’s essay, I propose the inevitable interdependence of interpretation and description. Brief readings of technical language in Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006) and intertextuality in Alison Bechdel’s Are You My Mother? (2012) exemplify that interdependence.
Description in the Psychological Sciences
Authors: Morawski Jill
Published: August 2016

This essay uses the case of scientific psychology to explore modes of description and the broader objectives underlying these modes, reporting on both the complexities and potentials of psychological description. It examines the description techniques of the classic Milgram experiment and offers a redescription of the resulting data to show both how psychology’s practices of description entail more than objective accounts of observed behavior and how these descriptions can influence the social world and our understandings of ourselves. The case of Stanley Milgram’s experiments in obedience suggest the material and social powers of the descriptions psychologists “give away” for human benefit.
Observable Behavior 1–10
Authors: Johnson Liza
Published: August 2016

In this “listicle,” filmmaker Liza Johnson proposes ten ways of thinking about—and looking at—behavior, through her own and others’ films and writing.
Description and the Nonhuman View of Nature
Authors: Stalnaker Joanna
Published: August 2016

This article looks at two writers of the French eighteenth century, the naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc de Buffon and the poet Jacques Delille, whose innovative practices of description call into question our modern opposition between literature and science and raise the issue of how literature might be transformed through attention to nonhuman views of nature.
Restructuring of Holocentric Centromeres During Meiosis in the Plant Rhynchospora pubera
Authors: Marques André , Schubert Veit , Houben Andreas , Pedrosa-Harand Andrea
Published: August 2016

Centromeres are responsible for the correct segregation of chromosomes during mitosis and meiosis. Holocentric chromosomes, characterized by multiple centromere units along each chromatid, have particular adaptations to ensure regular disjunction during meiosis. Here we show by detecting CENH3, CENP-C, tubulin, and centromeric repeats that holocentromeres may be organized differently in mitosis and meiosis of Rhynchospora pubera. Contrasting to the mitotic linear holocentromere organization, meiotic centromeres show several clusters of centromere units (cluster-holocentromeres) during meiosis I. They accumulate along the poleward surface of bivalents where spindle fibers perpendicularly attach. During meiosis II, the cluster-holocentromeres are mostly present in the midregion of each chromatid. A linear holocentromere organization is restored after meiosis during pollen mitosis. Thus, a not yet described case of a cluster-holocentromere organization, showing a clear centromere restructuration between mitosis and meiosis, was identified in a holocentric organism.
Determinants of Suicidal Ideation Among Persons with Hearing Impairment in Federal College of Education (Special), Oyo
Authors: Ogunwale Oluwatoyin Racheal
Published: August 2016

The study investigated the determinants of suicidal ideation among persons with hearing impairment. Depression, Anxiety and Stress were investigated as the determinants of suicidal ideation at Federal College of Education (Special) Oyo, Nigeria. One hundred respondents participated in the study. Two research instruments were used for data collection. Two research questions were raised to guide the study. Descriptive statistics of mean standard deviation and multiple regressions were used for data analysis. The results obtained indicate that Depression, Anxiety and Stress had a significant relationship on suicidal ideation. The second research question showed that females with hearing impairment are more prone to suicidal ideation. Based on the findings, it was recommended that the Nigerian government should provide mental health services for persons with hearing impairment and higher proportion of females should be encouraged to access mental health services to avoid suicidal ideation.
Bridging the Gap Between Speech and Language: Using Multimodal Treatment in a Child With Apraxia
Authors: Tierney Cheryl D. , Pitterle Kathleen , Kurtz Marie , Nakhla Mark , Todorow Carlyn
Published: August 2016

Childhood apraxia of speech is a neurologic speech sound disorder in which children have difficulty constructing words and sounds due to poor motor planning and coordination of the articulators required for speech sound production. We report the case of a 3-year-old boy strongly suspected to have childhood apraxia of speech at 18 months of age who used multimodal communication to facilitate language development throughout his work with a speech language pathologist. In 18 months of an intensive structured program, he exhibited atypical rapid improvement, progressing from having no intelligible speech to achieving age-appropriate articulation. We suspect that early introduction of sign language by family proved to be a highly effective form of language development, that when coupled with intensive oro-motor and speech sound therapy, resulted in rapid resolution of symptoms.
The flora composition of Sabang Island, Aceh, Indonesia
Authors: M. Asyraf , Zakaria Rahmad , Mansor Mashhor , Musman Musri , Harun Abu Husin
Published: August 2016

We provide a checklist of Angiosperms from a rapid flora inventory of Sabang Island, Aceh, Indonesia. This inventory, conducted in April 2010, was carried out to prepare a baseline data of the floral composition in the north-western island archipelago of Aceh. In this exercise, we covered a total of 7 plots (0.2 ha each) and 120 quadrats (1x1 m each) in 7 sampling locations within the island. In total, we recorded 325 species from 211 genera of 68 families. Nine predominant families (i.e. family with ≥ 10 species) are Euphorbiaceae (32 species), Cyperaceae (19 species), Fabaceae (17 species), Moraceae (15 species), Meliaceae (13 species), Lauraceae and Sterculiaceae (12 species, respectively), Rubiaceae (11 species) and Annonaceae (10 species). The volcanic soil of the island could have played a significant role in defining species composition and their abundance. On the non-woody species’ composition and abundance, the increasing magnitude of anthropogenic activities, for example, road and pathways constructions into the forested area, could have enhanced propagule dispersal of non-native plants into the area.
Physalaemus cicada Bokermann, 1966 (Anura: Leiuperidae): distribution extension
Authors: Benício Ronildo Alves , Da Silva Guilherme Ramos , Fonseca Mariluce Gonçalves
Published: August 2016

The genus Physalaemus is widely distributed over South America, east of Andes. Physalaemus cicada belongs to the Physalaemus cuvieri group, is widely distributed over the Caatinga and is usually found in lentic and/or temporary water bodies. Herein, we extend its geographical distribution providing the first record of Physalaemus cicada for Piauí state, in the municipality of Picos.
Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae, Anotosaura vanzolinia Dixon, 1974: new records and geographic distribution map
Authors: Gonçalves Ubiratan , Brito Polyanne Souto de , Galdino Jéssica Yara , Torquato Selma
Published: August 2016

We provide the first record of Anotosaura vanzolinia for the state of Alagoas, in the municipality of Traipu, northeastern Brazil. The area is an Atlantic Forest enclave within the Caatinga Domain.
Amphibians from southeastern state of Pará: Carajás Region, northern Brazil
Authors: Pinheiro Leandra Cardoso , Bitar Youszef Oliveira da Cunha , Galatti Ulisses , Neckel-Oliveira Selvino , Santos-Costa Maria Cristina dos
Published: August 2016

The region of Carajás in the southeast of the state of Pará, Brazil, harbors five reserves, with various managing categories, distributed throughout five municipalities. A list of amphibians known to occur in this region was compiled using information on the specimens deposited in the herpetological collection of the Goeldi Museum, collected during the past four decades (1969 - 2010). According to the available metadata, the species were tabulated in three environments: ombrophylous forest (rainforest), metalophic savanna (MS) and anthropic areas (AA - secondary forest - disturbed areas), resulting in 13 families and 71 species (66 anurans and 5 Gymnophiona). Ombrophylous forest has 50 species, anthropic areas has 49 species, while metalophic savanna has 38 species of anuran.
Checklist of benthonic marine invertebrates from Malaga Bay (Isla Palma and Los Negritos), Colombian Pacific
Authors: Lozano-Cortés Diego , Londoño-Cruz Edgardo , Izquierdo Vanessa , Arias Fatnori , Barona Madeleine , Zambrano Valentina
Published: August 2016

The composition of marine macroinvertebrates in two localities (Isla Palma and Los Negritos) of Malaga Bay was studied. This bay is located in the Pacific coast of Colombia and was recently declared National Natural Park. The rapid ecological assessment revealed a total of 128 species belonging to 64 families and 11 classes (including threatened species). The most common groups were: Gastropoda (27%), Polychaeta (26%), Malacostraca (16%) and Pelecypoda (13%). Even though the two sites are relatively near, being apart only by 6 km, the composition of the respective communities was very different. They shared only 7.8% of the species found; which might have profound and interesting effects for conservation purposes.
Angiosperms from the Araripe National Forest, Ceará, Brazil
Authors: Ribeiro-Silva Suelma , Medeiros Marcelo Brilhante de , Gomes Beatriz Machado , Seixas Emídia Naiana Costa , Da Silva Maria Arlene Pessoa
Published: August 2016

This study provides a species list of the angiosperms from the Araripe National Forest (ANF) in the south part of Ceará state, northeastern Brazil. The floristic survey recorded 188 species from 55 Angiosperm families. The most species-rich families were Fabaceae (31), Rubiaceae (17), Asteraceae (14), Bignoniaceae (10), Myrtaceae (9), Euphorbiaceae (7), Apocynaceae and Malpighiaceae (7) and Annonaceae and Solanaceae (5). The flora of the ANF is composed of typical species from the vegetation physiognomies of Cerrado sensu lato such as cerradão and cerrado sensu stricto and it is influenced by the northeastern phytogeographic Cerrado province. Furthermore, there are influences of ecotones between these physiognomies, seasonal forests and carrascos within the Caatinga biome. In addition to four threatened species that were recorded, the ANF also harbors species that represent important incomes for local communities because of the non-timber forest products, such as Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. and Caryocar coriaceum Wittm.
Insecta, Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Catocalinae: new records from the state of Tamil Nadu and whole of India
Authors: Sivasankaran Kuppusamy , Parandhaman Durairaj , Ignacimuthu Savarimuthu
Published: August 2016

Adult moths of the Noctuidae subfamily Catocalinae from Tamil Nadu, Western Ghats are reviewed. During this study, eleven species have been newly recorded from Tamil Nadu (Western Ghats) and one species has been recorded from India for the first time.
First record of Mimagoniates inequalis (Eigenmann, 1911) (Characiformes: Characidae) from Argentina
Authors: Azpelicueta María De las Mercedes , Koerber Stefan
Published: August 2016

In the present note, we cite Mimagoniates inequalis from the río Paraná de las Palmas, close to Buenos Aires City. This record represents the first one for Argentina.
Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae, Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni (Williams and Bosso, 1994): first record and some hematological data in Santa Fe Province, Argentina
Authors: Lajmanovích Rafael C. , Peltzer Paola P. , Attademo Andrés M. , Cabagna Mariana C. , Junges Celina M. , Basso Agustìn
Published: August 2016

We herein report on the first west-southern most record of Argenteohyla siemersi pederseni in Argentina. This finding was recorded ca. 250 km far from the nearest known locality in Corrientes, and also enlarges the distribution range for including for the Santa Fe Province.
Clelia rustica (Jan, 1863) (Serpentes: Dipsadidae): distribution extension
Authors: Pérez Cristian Hernán Fulvio , Medina Cintia Débora , Avila Luciano Javier
Published: August 2016

A new record of the snake Clelia rustica is reported for the province of Neuquén in northwestern Patagonia, extending the distribution by more than 200 km north from previous records; it was known before only from the southernmost regions of the province.
New records of Marmosops noctivagus (Tschudi, 1845) (Didelphimorpia: Didelphidae) and first record of Marmosops bishopi (Pine, 1981) for Colombia
Authors: Díaz-N. Juan F.
Published: August 2016

Based on newly material from the Department of Putumayo and material collected in 1951 by Phillip Hershkovitz, the presence of Marmosops noctivagus is confirmed in at least three localities for Colombia. Additionally, the first record of M. bishopi is presented for Colombia extending its distribution by 750 Km northward.
Discovery of a new population of the Critically Endangered frog Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970 (Anura: Cycloramphidae): latitudinal and altitudinal extension in the Valdivian Coastal Range, Southern Chile
Authors: Rabanal Felipe E. , Nuñez José J.
Published: August 2016

A new population of the Critically Endangered anuran species Insuetophrynus acarpicus Barrio, 1970 was discovered during a field survey at Valdivian Coastal Range, Los Ríos Region, Southern Chile. Until now, only three populations have been reported for the species. The new founding described in this paper, which extends the latitudinal limit 21 km to the southwest, and its altitudinal range over 486 m a.s.l, constitutes a very important discovery since the species is considered one of the most threatened species in the country and the world.
SAJSM 1997 No.3
Authors: . .
Published: August 2016

SAJSM 1997 No.3
SAJSM 1998 No.2
Authors: . .
Published: August 2016

SAJSM 1998 No.2
Cyclops lesion of the knee
Authors: De Villiers R , Hoffman D
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(2) 2003: 25-26
Pre-to-post race changes in self-reported depression scores in ultra-distance triathletes - a pilot study
Authors: Harrison AM , Yaldoo DT , Fiesler CM , Connor JT
Published: August 2016

SA Sports Medicine Vol.15(3) 2003: 11-16
ANALISIS KURIKULUM 2013 DITINJAU DARI ASPEK NILAI KARAKTER BANGSA
Authors: Muhtar Tatang
Published: August 2016

Pendidikan nasional masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menghasilkan lulusan yang berkualitas, terampil, dan kreatif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai sumber penggerak di berbagai bidang pembangunan. Dan output hasil pendidikan sering menjadi beban pemerintah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan mereka untuk pelayanan sosial, ketenagakerjaan, subsidi, dan sejenisnya. Mereka lulus dan muncul sebagai warga
negara baru yang tidak mampu menawarkan solusi, melainkan sumber masalah dan masyarakat kecemasan. Salah satu sumber masalah dalam pendidikan masih lemah pendidikan yang dapat menumbuhkan nilai-nilai penting kemanusiaan. Dimana saat ini telah terjadi pemisahan antara "pendidikan intelektual" dengan "nilai pendidikan". Dikotomi ini menunjukkan kekerdilan pikiran, karena nilai moral yang tidak berbeda dengan dimensi intelektual, tetapi merupakan dasar bagi pertumbuhan intelektual. Hal ini diperlukan untuk pelaksanaan kurikulum yang didasarkan pada peningkatan pendidikan karakter berbasis kompetensi selain itu dalam proses pelaksanaan harus sesuai dengan bagaimana menerapkan pendidikan karakter. Dalam hal ini kurikulum dinilai adalah kurikulum 2013.
PEMBELAJARAN SASTRA DI SD DALAM GAMITAN KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Djuanda Dadan
Published: August 2016

Dalam Kurikulum 2006, di Sekolah Dasar, pembelajaran sastra dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa mengapresiasi karya sastra. Kegiatan mengapresiasi sastra berkaitan dengan latihan mempertajam perasaan, penalaran, daya khayal, serta kepekaan terhadap masyarakat, budaya dan lingkungan hidup. Pengembangan kemampuan bersastra di sekolah dasar dilakukan dalam berbagai jenis dan bentuk melalui kegiatan mendengarkan, berbicara, membaca, dan menulis. Namun dalam Kurikulum 2013, kegiatan bersastra, kurang mendapat porsi yang baik. Padahal pendekatan kurikulum tersebut mengisyaratkan penekanannya pada pengembangan sikap dan budi pekerti, yang tentu saja sastra sebagai bahan yang sangat kaya untuk dijadikan landasan mengasah kepribadian dan budi pekerti mengingat sastra mengandung nilai personal maupun nilai pendidikan yang luar biasa. Hasil analisis
Kompetensi Dasar pada Permendikbud No 57 Tahun 2014, di kelas I ada teks cerita diri, kelas II cerita narasi dan lirik puisi, di kelas III dongeng, di kelas IV cerita petualangan dan pantun serta syair, di kelas V, fiksi sejarah, hal tersebut tentunya berpengaruh pada isi Buku Guru dan Buku Siswa, yang ternyata memperlihatkan sastra yang tercakup dalam isi buku kurang memadai (sangat kurang), karena isi Buku Guru maupun Buku Siswa, turunan dari Kompetensi Dasar yang sudah dipetakan secara tematik integratif.
LEARNING TASKS’ WHAT AND HOW: PERSPEKTIF DOSEN DAN MAHASISWA MENGENAI TUGAS PEMBELAJARAN
Authors: Gusrayani Diah
Published: August 2016

Kemampuan untuk merancang tugas belajar otentik dan bermakna adalah salah satu dari ribuan prasyarat guru. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa guru sekolah dasar tidak bisa dapat merancang dan menerapkan tugas bermakna dalam dan setelah waktu mengajar (Rohayati, 2007; Hamzah, 2009; Budimansyah, 2009). PGSD UPI sebagai salah satu lembaga mempersiapkan guru SD menjadi harus lebih perhatian pada kondisi ini. Kurikulum dirancang sini harus mencerminkan kebutuhan guru sekolah dasar menjadi kebutuhan mereka terutama mewujudkan tujuan dan sasaran yang telah ditetapkan sebelumnya oleh lembaga, dan bagaimana mereka tercermin melalui tugas belajar di dalam kelas, terutama kelas untuk guru ini berada di PGSD Kampus Sumedang. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini memilih peserta dari situs tersebut, 126 siswa dan 28 dosen. Mereka diberi kuesioner yang dirancang sesuai dengan tiga pertanyaan penelitian:1) bagaimana mahasiswa dan dosen mempersepsikan tugas belajar? 2) bagaimana siswa dan guru peran dalam mengumpulkan data untuk tugas-tugas belajar? 3) telah tugas belajar s sejauh ini telah dirancang untuk memenuhi standar tugas otentik? 4) bagaimana dosen dan mahasiswa merasakan umpan balik untuk tugas-tugas belajar mereka? Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi mahasiswa dan dosen terhadap tugas-tugas belajar mempengaruhi bagaimana mereka bersikap terhadap hal itu, maka, jika setelah telah ditemukan disalahartikan, konstruksi tersebut perlu meninjau kembali.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMAHAMAN DAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA SD KELAS V MELALUI PENDEKATAN MATEMATIKA REALISTIK
Authors: Fitriani Kartika , Maulana -
Published: August 2016

This research is cunducted to all fifth grade elementary school students throughout the Subdistrict Conggeang that included higher group. The research result indicates that the realistic mathematics education and conventional approach give diffirent effect to students’ mathematical understanding and problem solving abilities. The effect to mathematical understanding and problem solving ability in experiment class is better than the control one. The effect of realistic mathematics education to the higher, middle, and lower achievement students group is different too. Higher group gets bigger effect than others. There is a positive correalaton between mathematical understanding and problem solving abilities, which its contribution is 95,9%.
MENINGKATKAN KOMPETENSI SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN DESA DENGAN STRATEGI MODEL INKUIRI BERBASIS MANUSIA SUMBER BELAJAR
Authors: Karmini Sri
Published: August 2016

The formulation of the problem this research is how the learning process, how big increase student learning outcomes in the competence of village administration system, as well as changes in the behavior of students after using a strategy based human inquiry model of learning resources in the fourth grade elementary school Keputran 06’s Classroom Action Research. This is done by two cycles. The results of this research that there is a change of behavior of learners towards the positive aspects of cooperation, liveliness, honesty, self-confidence. the average student learning outcomes has increased from the first cycle to cycle 2 at an average of 71.60 with the first cycle of students who achieve minimum completeness criteria.as much as 70% while the average of 87.50 with a second cycle students who achieve 88% minimum completeness criteria. Thus an increase in the thoroughness of the first cycle to the second cycle by 18%.
Expression of CFTR, SNN1B and SLC9A3 genes in rat duodenum upon long-term gastric hypochlorhydria and with administration of multiprobiotic
Authors: Dranitsina A. , Dvorshchenko K. , Grebinyk D. , Ostapchenko L.
Published: August 2016

The increasing of Cftr, Slc9a3 and the decreasing of Snn1b gene's expression in rat duodenal villus and crypt epithelial cells against the background of intensification of free radical formation upon gastric hypoacidic conditions were shown. The level of above mentioned gene's expression both in villus and crypt epitheliocytes approached to the control value upon the treatment of hypoacidic rats with multiprobiotic Symbiter.
Sustainable Chemistry: Reversible reaction of CO2 with amines
Authors: Pollet Pamela , Liotta Charles
Published: August 2016

The reaction of primary and secondary amines with CO2 has been successfully leveraged to develop sustainable processes. In this article, we review specific examples that use the reversible reaction of CO2 with amines to synergistically enhance reaction and recovery of the products. The three cases of interest highlighted herein are: (i) reversible protection of amines, (ii) reversible ionic liquids for CO2 capture and chemical transformations, and (iii) reversible gels of ethylene diamine. These examples demonstrate that the reversible reaction of amines with CO2 is one of the tools in the sustainable technology’s toolbox.
Peptide Synthesis in Ionic Liquids (PEPSIL): All You Need is in the Toolbox!
Authors: Jebri Khouloud , Galya Nicolas , Zgonnik Viacheslav , Mazières Marie-Rose , Génisson Yves , Guillen Frédéric , Ben Ayed Taïcir , Baltas Michel , Plaquevent Jean-Christophe
Published: August 2016

This personal account describes our studies regarding peptide synthesis in ionic liquids (PEPSIL). In addition, we summarize our experiments in which the use of ionic liquids gives simple and promising access to unnatural amino acids in an enantiomerically enriched form. Extension of PEPSIL method to complex structures such as cyclopeptides is also discussed. Some of these cyclopeptides are the direct precursors of bioactive and pharmaceutical compounds.
Adjusting the cation and anion nature in ionic liquids used for the growth control of nanoparticles of organic conductors
Authors: de Caro Dominique , Faulmann Christophe , Valade Lydie , Jacob Kane , Cormary Benoit
Published: August 2016

Ionic liquids are used for controlling the growth of organic conductors as nanoparticles. We review the conditions of preparation of nanoparticles of conductors derived from tetrathiafulvalene (TTF), tetramethyltetraselenafulvalene (TMTSF) and bis-ethylenedithiotetrathiafulvalene (BEDT-TTF). They are prepared by electrocrystallization using an ionic liquid supporting electrolyte in which the cation plays the role of growth controller and the anion enters the composition of the expected organic conductor. Stable suspensions of nanoparticles are obtained in one case, a valuable characteristic for potential applications in electronic devices.
Room-Temperature Zwitterionic Ionic Liquids
Authors: Bordes Romain , Marty Jean-Daniel , Lauth-de Viguerie Nancy
Published: August 2016

A novel series of zwitterionic ionic liquids based on (E) or (Z) isomer of an urocanic moiety containing a carboxylate group have been prepared. All synthesized compounds present melting points below 100°C. This value can be easily tuned by changing the length of alkyl chain grafted on the imidazolium moiety and the nature of isomer. Hence, melting temperature as low as -20°C was obtained for Z isomer with a N1, N3-methyloctyl imidazolium moiety.
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms and Family Functioning in Adult Children Facing Parental Cancer: A Comparison Study
Authors: Teixeira Ricardo J. , Pereira M. Graça
Published: August 2016

This study analyzed posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms and family functioning in a sample of adult children caregivers of cancer patients and in a group of adult children of nonchronically ill parents. Participants completed measures of family functioning and PTSD symptoms. The parental cancer group was subdivided into PTSD subgroups, and significant differences, on family functioning, were found. In the parental cancer group, the predictors of PTSD symptoms were being a woman and having an enmeshed or chaotic family functioning. Chaotic functioning mediated the relationship between family communication/satisfaction and PTSD symptoms, in the parental cancer group. Finally, there was a higher prevalence of PTSD symptoms in the parental cancer group, and participants with a probable PTSD diagnosis showed higher levels of family imbalance. This study shows that adult children facing parental cancer, who have a poorer family balance, may benefit from interventions that target family functioning.
The Pedagogy of Blended Learning: A Brief Review
Authors: Nuruzzaman Agha
Published: August 2016

Pedagogy has long been seen in terms of an art, a science or a craft. The journey of pedagogy has seen many ups and downs, like it was a practice of luxury in the past, made for the privileged ones; then it also became a tool of oppression in some places. Today, it is again going through a churning phase- marked with numerous experiments and novelties. The present paper is an effort to review the methods of teaching and training students focusing on a few upcoming pedagogical methods.  Blended learning environment is based on the assumption that the inherent benefits of face-to-face interaction maybe enhanced by using on-line methods.  It promotes a student-centred learning and encourages increased student interaction. In addition, by providing students with more control over their learning, blended learning can also help in improving a critical thinking. It gives students more autonomy to choose their learning practices. The teacher may not be an omniscient and omnipresent figure any more but his/ her optimal presence is altered for the better as well. The teacher needs to be more creative with his/her learning now. But as freedom always comes with more responsibility, Blended Learning also needs a very careful assimilation of the various methods.
A Study of Service Quality of Banks in Mumbai
Authors: P V Ranjith
Published: August 2016

Service quality improves   customer relationship as far as organizations are concerned. Service quality is about areas like reliability   , empathy, assurance etc which if provided in an efficient manner improves customer profitability and organisation’s return on investment

The service given generally helps in retaining customers thereby reducing cost of retention and makes customers happy to deal with the organisation. This is required for all service organisations and it is true for banks also. The aspect of service is vital for institutions dealing with money and so the study focuses on the importance of service in customer.

Service quality of different types of banks are studied using tests lime ANOVA and K means cluster analysis to find out the effect on customer satisfaction of different variables and also to find out different customer segments based on their responses. 
Seed Treatment with Fungicides Does Not Affect Symbiosis between Common Bean and Rhizobia
Authors: Oliveira Dâmiany Pádua , de Figueiredo Marislaine Alves , Soares Bruno Lima , Teixeira Otávio Henrique Stivanin , Martins Fábio Aurélio Dias , Rufini Márcia , de Morais Augusto Ramalho , Moreira Fatima Maria de Souza , de Andrade Messias José Bastos
Published: August 2016

Results of the few studies on the symbiosis of rhizobia and common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that have evaluated the effects of new fungicides applied to seeds have been inconclusive, that is, some showed no effects and others showed harmful effects. This study tested the compatibility between commercial fungicides, currently recommended for treatment of seeds, and symbiosis of common bean with rhizobia. Two field experiments were performed in the 2012/2013 spring–summer crop season in two Brazilian municipalities. A randomized block experimental design with four replicates and a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement was used, consisting of five seed treatments {the fungicides: carboxin(carboxamide) + thiram (dimethyldithiocarbamate) = Vitavax‐Thiram (Macdermid Agricultural Solutions Ltda, Sumaré, Brazil); fludioxonil(phenylpyrrol) + metalaxyl‐M(acilalaninato) = MaximXL (Syngenta Ltda, São Paulo, Brazil); fluazinam (phenylpyridin‐amine) + thiophanate‐methyl[benzimidazole(precursor of)] = Certeza (Iharabras S.A., Sorocaba, Brazil), and carbendazim (benzimidazole) = Carbomax (Nufarm S.A., Maracanaú, Brazil) and one control without fungicide} with or without rhizobial inoculation. Seeds from the cultivar BRSMG Madrepérola were treated with the fungicides at manufacturer recommended application rates and then inoculated with Rhizobium tropici strain CIAT899T. The majority of parameters related to nodulation, plant growth, and N nutrition showed significant differences between sites. However, all parameters had values within or above the acceptable ranges. Depending on the site, the fungicide carboxin+thiram decreased the stand of plants, and carbendazim resulted in lower grain N concentration. However, regardless of the site, the fungicides did not influence nodulation, plant growth, shoot N concentration, or grain yield at the application rate recommended by the manufacturers.

Core Ideas

Environment influences effects of fungicide on rhizobia symbiosis.

Native rhizobia resulted in grain yield similar to inoculation with CIAT 899T.

The fungicides did not influence rhizobia symbiosis effects on plant.
Nitrogen Removal in Permeable Woodchip Filters Affected by Hydraulic Loading Rate and Woodchip Ratio
Authors: Bruun Jacob , Hoffmann Carl Christian , Kjaergaard Charlotte
Published: August 2016

Unregulated and event‐driven agricultural tile drainage discharge poses several challenges that potentially limit the nitrate (NO3) removal performance of woodchip‐based wetlands constructed to intercept subsurface tile drain flows. Laboratory column tests were conducted to evaluate the biogeochemical response of mixed reactive media (woodchips–seashells and woodchips–Filtralite mixtures) at two woodchip ratios to changes in hydraulic loading rate (HLR). The tests involved continuous loading of aerated artificial drainage water spiked with NO3–N and tritium (3H2O) breakthrough experiments. Flow‐normalized NO3 reduction rates ranged from 0.35 to 3.97 g N m−3 L−1, corresponding to N removal efficiencies of 5 to 64%, depending on HLR and filter mixtures. At high HLRs, oxic conditions prevailed in the woodchip filters, resulting in reduced N removal. At low HLRs, progressively lower pore‐water velocities extended the period for consumption of terminal electron acceptors, increasing N removal. When increasing the content of mineral material, N removal declined, probably due to a lower denitrifying biomass at lower woodchip mass. The effect of woodchip ratios on solute transport characteristics was difficult to assess. However, woodchip media including a mineral fraction of crushed seashells demonstrated the highest N removal rates and efficiencies, most likely due to the alkalizing effect of the seashells. In conclusion, filter mixtures consisting of woodchips and seashells were the most effective material for N removal in subsurface flow–constructed wetlands treating agricultural drainage water.

Core Ideas

Nonequilibrium solute transport was found in woodchip media.

Solute diffusion into immobile zones allowed nitrate removal at high oxygen load.

Mixed woodchip media removed 5 to 64% of influent nitrate at continuous loading.

Woodchip media including crushed seashells facilitated higher denitrification rates.

Increasing the woodchip content in filter media increased treatment efficiency.
Nitrogen Management for Corn and Groundwater Quality in Upper Midwest Irrigated Sands
Authors: Struffert Anne M. , Rubin John C. , Fernández Fabián G. , Lamb John A.
Published: August 2016

Groundwater contamination from NO3–N leaching in corn (Zea mays L.) production with coarse‐textured soils poses an environmental concern. Our objectives were to evaluate NO3–N leaching in continuous corn (CC), corn after soybean (Glycine max L.) (CSb), and soybean after corn (SbC) in irrigated sandy soils in Minnesota related to (i) N rate using best management practices of split‐N application, (ii) a split‐N application and single preplant applications of enhanced‐efficiency fertilizers (EEF), and (iii) residual N treatment in SbC. Urea (0–315 kg N ha−1 in 45‐kg increments) was broadcast as a split application (half at preplant and half at the V4 development stage) and polymer‐coated urea (ESN), ESN/urea, and SuperU at preplant at a rate of 180 kg N ha−1 on an Arvilla sandy loam soil. In May and June, 75% of the total drainage and 73% of the total NO3–N leached occurred. At the economic optimum N rate (EONR), season‐long NO3–N leaching rates were 86 and 106 kg NO3–N ha−1 for CC and CSb, respectively. In CC, reducing the EONR by 20% reduced grain yield by 4% and NO3–N leached by 9%, and a 25% reduction in EONR resulted in an additional 2% reduction for both, whereas no significant reductions occurred for CSb. Similar NO3–N leaching occurred with EEFs and the split‐N application. After 4 yr of no N application, we measured 9 to 20 mg NO3–N L−1 and leaching of 21 to 51 kg NO3–N ha−1, highlighting the difficulty of meeting drinking water quality standards in corn cropping systems.

Core Ideas

Enhanced‐efficiency N fertilizers did not reduce nitrate amounts leached.

Suboptimum N fertilizer rates reduce corn yield without enhancing water quality.

Early spring precipitation, when crops are small, drives nitrate amounts leached.
Genomic Targeting and High‐Resolution Mapping of the Tsn1 Gene in Wheat
Authors: Haen Karri M. , Lu Huangjun , Friesen Timothy L. , Faris Justin D.
Published: August 2016

Tan spot, caused by the fungal pathogen Pyrenophora tritici‐repentis (Died.) Drechs. causes severe yield losses in wheat (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 6x = 42, AABBDD) and durum (T. turgidum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB). The Tsn1 gene acts dominantly to confer sensitivity to a host‐selective proteinaceous toxin (Ptr ToxA) produced by the fungus. Our objectives were to: (i) target markers to the Tsn1 genomic region and (ii) develop a high‐resolution map of the Tsn1 locus. The techniques of methylation‐sensitive AFLP, traditional AFLP, and cDNA‐AFLP were combined with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) using various wheat and durum cytogenetic stocks to target markers to the Tsn1 genomic region. Over 500 primer combinations were screened resulting in the identification of 18 low‐copy markers closely linked to Tsn1. High‐resolution mapping of the markers delineated the Tsn1 gene to a 0.2 cM interval in a hexaploid wheat population consisting of 1266 gametes, and to 0.8 cM in a durum wheat population consisting of 1860 gametes. Comparisons with rice BAC/PAC sequences indicated the lack of colinearity within the Tsn1 genomic region. Tsn1 was located within a gene‐rich recombination hot spot region, and the physical distance separating the flanking markers may be as little as 200 kb. Therefore, these markers will serve as a basis for the map‐based cloning of Tsn1 The isolation of Tsn1 will further our knowledge of wheat–tan spot interactions as well as host–pathogen interactions in general.
Fundamental Criteria for Effective Textbook Evaluation
Authors: Laabidi Hicham , Nfissi Abdelhamid
Published: August 2016

Since textbook evaluation is an interesting area in the field of applied linguistics, the present study intends to investigate Moroccan teachers’ perspectives concerning the EFL textbook “Visa to the World” designed for common core high school students in Morocco. It also aims to assess the effectiveness of this textbook which was suggested by the Moroccan Ministry of National Education as an instructional material for middle school students. This means that the researchers intend to highlight teachers’ attitudes towards the textbook through which students obtain the linguistic knowledge needed so as to communicate in English with native and non-native speakers. It is highly significant to mention that the study assesses the effectiveness of the textbook, “Visa to the World”, on the basis of seven main criteria: the physical appearance and format of the textbook, the accompanying materials, the content and the topics, the exercises and the activities, cultural presentation, the four skills and the language methods that the textbook adopts.
Concentrations of metals and trace elements in different tissues of nine fish species from the Medjuvrsje reservoir (West Morava River Basin, Serbia)
Authors: Djikanovic Vesna , Skoric Stefan , Gacic Zoran
Published: August 2016

Element concentrations in selected fish species from different trophic levels
were analyzed. The following fish species were analyzed: common nase
(Chondrostoma nasus), roach (Rutilus rutilus), freshwater bream (Abramis
brama), barbel (Barbus barbus), Prussian carp (Carassius gibelio),chub
(Squalius cephalus), European perch (Perca fluviatilis), wels catfish
(Silurus glanis)and northern pike (Esox lucius). Fish were collected from the
Medjuvrsje Reservoir (West Morava River Basin, western Serbia) during 2012,
and samples of liver, muscle and gills were analyzed for As, B, Ba, Cd, Co,
Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sr, and Zn using inductively coupled
plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The liver and gills had the
highest measured element concentrations, with Cu, Zn, Fe and Sr being the
most prominent. The bioaccumulation of metals was species-specific, with the
accumulation exhibiting the following trends: Prussian carp > northern pike >
freshwater bream > European perch > chub > common nase > barbell > roach >
wels catfish; Li>Pb>Zn>Cu>Fe>Ba>Mn>Sr>Cr>As>Mo>Ni>B, in all examined species;
for Co, Cd and Hg, the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was 0. Results of this
study point to the tissue-specific differences in element concentrations, and
to distinct differences between fish species regarding the accumulation
patterns: common nase, with the highest accumulation observed in the liver,
and Prussian carp, with the highest accumulation observed in the gills.
Sex steroid application reverses changes in rat castration cells: Unbiased stereological analysis
Authors: Nestorovic Natasa , Trifunovic Svetlana , Jaric Ivana , Manojlovic-Stojanoski Milica , Ristic Natasa , Filipovic Branko , Sosic-Jurjevic Branka , Milosevic Verica
Published: August 2016

The aim of the present study was to examine the morphometric characteristics
of folliclestimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)
immunoreactive cells in the pituitaries of orchidectomized (Orx) and Orx
testosterone- or estradiol-treated rats. Adult male Orx Wistar rats, 2 weeks
post operation, received estradiol dipropionate (E) or testosterone
propionate (T) for 3 weeks. Both controls, sham-operated (So) and Orx rats,
were injected with solvent, in the same regime. Changes in the volume of pars
distalis, the volumes of individual FSH- and LH-labeled cells, their
numerical density and number were determined by unbiased design-based
stereology. The FSH and LH intracellular content was estimated by relative
intensity of fluorescence (RIF). We observed that Orx caused hyperstimulation
of gonadotropic cells. Their volume, volume density, number, numerical
density and intracellular hormone content significantly increased in
comparison to So controls. Compared to Orx controls, T caused a significant
decrease in the volume and volume density of gonadotropic cells and
immunoreactive FSH and LH formations in their cytoplasm. The volume of the
pars distalis, the numerical density and number of gonadotropic cells were
not changed as compared to Orx controls. Estradiol treatment caused a
significant increase in the volume of the pars distalis, decreases in cell
volume, volume and numerical density of gonadotropic cells, and FSH and LH
intracellular content in comparison to Orx controls. The number of
FSH-labeled cells increased. In conclusion, both T and E reversed all of the
examined parameters of gonadotropic cells of Orx rats to the level of So
controls, except in number.
Comparison of visual and electronic devices for individual identification of dromedary camels under different farming conditions
Authors: Caja G. , Díaz-Medina E. , Salama A. A. K. , Salama O. A. E. , El-Shafie M. H. , El-Metwaly H. A. , Ayadi M. , Aljumaah R. S. , Alshaikh M. A. , Yahyahoui M. H. , Seddik M. M. , Hammadi M. , Khorchani T. , Amann O. , Cabrera S.
Published: August 2016

The camel industry uses traditional (i.e., iron brands and ear tags) and modern (i.e., microchips) identification (ID) systems without having performance results of reference. Previously iron-branded (n = 45; 1 yr) and microchipped (n = 59; 7 yr) camels showed problems of healing (8.6% of brands) and reading (only 42.9% of brands and 69.5% of microchips were readable), which made their use inadvisable. With the aim of proposing suitable ID systems for different farming conditions, an on-field study was performed using a total of 528 dromedaries at 4 different locations (Egypt, n = 83; Spain, n = 304; Saudi Arabia, n = 90; and Tunisia, n = 51). The ID devices tested were visual (button ear tags, 28.5 mm diameter, n = 178; double flag ear tags, 50 by 15 mm, n = 83; both made of polyurethane) and electronic (ear tags, n = 90, and rumen boluses, n = 555). Electronic ear tags were polyurethane-loop type (75 by 9 mm) with a container in which a 22-mm transponder of full-duplex technology was lodged. Electronic boluses of 7 types, varying in dimensions (50 to 76 mm length, 11 to 21 mm width, and 12.7 to 82.1 g weight) and specific gravity (SG; 1.49 to 3.86) and each of them containing a 31-mm transponder of half-duplex technology, were all administered to the dromedaries at the beginning of the study. When a low-SG bolus was lost, a high-SG bolus was readministered. Readability rates of each ID system were evaluated during 1 to 3 yr, according to device and location, and yearly values were estimated for comparison. On a yearly basis, visual ear tag readability was not fully satisfactory; it was lower for rectangular ear tags (66.3%) than for button ear tags (80.9%). Yearly readability of electronic ear tags was 93.7%. Bolus readability dramatically varied according to their SG; the SG < 2.0 boluses were fully lost after 8 mo. In contrast, the SG > 3.0 boluses were efficiently retained (99.6 to 100%) at all locations. In conclusion, according to the expected long lifespan of camels, low ID performances were observed for iron brands, injectable microchips, and ear tags (visual and electronic), making their use inadvisable as unique ID systems in camels. The high readability of dense electronic boluses recommended their use as a permanent ID device of reference in camels.