bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progress in Borneol Intervention for Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Yong , Ren Mihong , Wang Jiajun , Ma Rong , Chen Hai , Xie Qian , Li Hongyan , Li Jinxiu , Wang Jian
Published: May 2021

Background: Borneol is a terpene and bicyclic organic compound that can be extracted from plants or chemically synthesized. As an important component of proprietary Chinese medicine for the treatment of stroke, its neuroprotective effects have been confirmed in many experiments. Unfortunately, there is no systematic review of these studies. This study aimed to systematically examine the neuroprotective effects of borneol in the cascade reaction of experimental ischemic stroke at different periods.

Methods: Articles on animal experiments and cell-based research on the actions of borneol against ischemic stroke in the past 20°years were collected from Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and other biomedical databases. Meta-analysis was performed on key indicators in vivo experiments. After sorting the articles, we focused on the neuroprotective effects and mechanism of action of borneol at different stages of cerebral ischemia.

Results: Borneol is effective in the prevention and treatment of nerve injury in ischemic stroke. Its mechanisms of action include improvement of cerebral blood flow, inhibition of neuronal excitotoxicity, blocking of Ca2+ overload, and resistance to reactive oxygen species injury in the acute ischemic stage. In the subacute ischemic stage, borneol may antagonize blood-brain barrier injury, intervene in inflammatory reactions, and prevent neuron excessive death. In the late stage, borneol promotes neurogenesis and angiogenesis in the treatment of ischemic stroke.

Conclusion: Borneol prevents neuronal injury after cerebral ischemia via multiple action mechanisms, and it can mobilize endogenous nutritional factors to hasten repair and regeneration of brain tissue. Because the neuroprotective effects of borneol are mediated by various therapeutic factors, deficiency caused by a single-target drug is avoided. Besides, borneol promotes other drugs to pass through the blood-brain barrier to exert synergistic therapeutic effects.
Bergenin Monohydrate Attenuates Inflammatory Response via MAPK and NF-κB Pathways Against Klebsiella pneumonia Infection
Authors: Tang Qihe , Wang Qingyu , Sun Zhuojian , Kang Songyao , Fan Yimeng , Hao Zhihui
Published: May 2021

Background:Klebsiella pneumonia has emerged as a critical pathogen causing severe clinical problems, such as pneumonia and sepsis. Meanwhile, intensified drug resistance induced by antibiotic therapy necessitates discovering novel and active molecules from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treatment.

Methods and results: In this study, the isolated Bergenin monohydrate showed an anti-inflammatory effect in Klebsiella-infected mice. We initially investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and cytoprotection against oxidative stress in vitro and in vivo. Interestingly, a specific dose of Bm can effectively ameliorate lung injury and suppress the expression of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and PEG2. Moreover, Bm was also shown to reduced the levels of MPO, MDA and increased SOD and GSH activities. Moreover, we assessed the intracellular signaling molecules including p38, ERK, JNK, IκB, NF-κB-p65 by western blotting and verified through MAPK and NF-κB pathways inhibition experiments. These results reveal that Bm executed its effects via the classical MAPK signaling pathway and NF-κB pathway.

Conclusion: Given its underlying anti-inflammatory effect, Bm may be used as a promising therapeutic against Klebsiella-induced infection, thus providing a benefit for the future clinical therapy of pneumonia and medicine design.
Phagocytosis, Degranulation and Extracellular Traps Release by Neutrophils—The Current Knowledge, Pharmacological Modulation and Future Prospects
Authors: Gierlikowska Barbara , Stachura Albert , Gierlikowski Wojciech , Demkow Urszula
Published: May 2021

Neutrophils are crucial elements of innate immune system, which assure host defense via a range of effector functions, such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and NET formation. The latest literature clearly indicates that modulation of effector functions of neutrophils may affect the treatment efficacy. Pharmacological modulation may affect molecular mechanisms activating or suppressing phagocytosis, degranulation or NET formation. In this review, we describe the role of neutrophils in physiology and in the course of bacterial and viral infections, illustrating the versatility and plasticity of those cells. This review also focus on the action of plant extracts, plant-derived compounds and synthetic drugs on effector functions of neutrophils. These recent advances in the knowledge can help to devise novel therapeutic approaches via pharmacological modulation of the described processes.
Xanthohumol Attenuated Inflammation and ECM Degradation by Mediating HO-1/C/EBPβ Pathway in Osteoarthritis Chondrocytes
Authors: Zhang Ming , Zhang Rui , Zheng Tiansheng , Chen Zhixi , Ji Guanglin , Peng Fang , Wang Wei
Published: May 2021

Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most frequent and disabling disease in developed countries. The progressive degeneration of articular cartilage characterized as thinner and erosive. Inflammation is well-known to be involved in OA development. However, there are no effective therapeutic strategies to cure it. Xanthohumol (XH) is a natural prenylflavonoid isolated from hops and beer. The protective activity of XH against OA chondrocytes inflammation and ECM degradation is unclear. In this article, we found that XH significantly inhibited inflammatory responses, attenuated catabolic enzymes expression, and ameliorated ECM degradation, as showed by decreased production of NO, PGE2, TNFα, and IL-6, decreased expression of MMP-3/-13 and ADAMTS-4/-5, and increased expression of collagen-II and aggrecan. In addition, XH activated HO-1 signaling and attenuated IL-1β-induced C/EBPβ. XH promoted the interaction between HO-1 and C/EBPβ, inhibiting the nuclear translocation of C/EBPβ. HO-1 knockdown could abrogate the protective effects of XH in IL-1β-treated chondrocytes. Collectively, XH attenuated inflammatory responses and ECM degradation by mediating HO-1 and C/EBPβ signaling pathways in osteoarthritis chondrocytes.
Substrate-Suspended Air Cavity Resonator and Its Application in Low Phase Noise Oscillator
Authors: Xu Jun , Yang Xiuqiang , Huang Dan , Chen Bangchao , Chen Yang , Guo Lei , Xiao Fei
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we present a substrate-suspended air cavity resonator featuring high-Q, consisting of five separate layers for confining electromagnetic energy. Its field distribution is analyzed in depth. By appropriately coupling the two resonators, a second-order Chebyshev bandpass frequency selection network is obtained, and design procedure is described. It forms a specific group delay response, in which high values can be achieved within a narrow frequency range around the center frequency. The frequency selection network has great flexibility in adjusting its magnitude and phase responses so that low insertion loss and high group delay are achieved simultaneously. This feature plays an important role in reducing phase noise when it is applied in a microwave oscillator. For demonstration, an X-band oscillator example was designed and fabricated. As the measured results show, it works at 11.16 GHz, and the phase noise at 100 KHz away from the oscillation frequency is as low as −120.68 dBc/Hz.
Monitoring Human Neutrophil Differentiation by Digital Holographic Microscopy
Authors: do R. B. F. Lima Maria Augusta , Cojoc Dan
Published: May 2021

We report on the usefulness of digital holographic microscopy (DHM) for the assessment of human neutrophil differentiation from myeloid cells. The cell and nuclear regions have been designated by image segmentation of the optical phase function, and the changes of the cell nucleus morphology in relation to the whole cell morphology have been examined during the process of granulocytic differentiation into mature neutrophils in PLB-985 cell line. Nucleus phase volume and circularity and the ratios between the nucleus and the cell projected area and volume provide a reliable set of parameters to characterize the maturation process. As control, cell differentiation has been monitored in parallel using standard nucleus staining and fluorescence imaging. From this research, it emerged that DHM can be used as a valid label-free solution, alternatively to the standard staining technology.
Rhizobial Chemoattractants, the Taste and Preferences of Legume Symbionts
Authors: Compton K. Karl , Scharf Birgit E.
Published: May 2021

The development of host-microbe interactions between legumes and their cognate rhizobia requires localization of the bacteria to productive sites of initiation on the plant roots. This end is achieved by the motility apparatus that propels the bacterium and the chemotaxis system that guides it. Motility and chemotaxis aid rhizobia in their competitiveness for space, resources, and nodulation opportunities. Here, we examine studies on chemotaxis of three major model rhizobia, namely Sinorhizobium meliloti, Rhizobium leguminosarum, and Bradyrhizobium japonicum, cataloging their range of attractant molecules and correlating this in the context of root and seed exudate compositions. Current research areas will be summarized, gaps in knowledge discussed, and future directions described.
Political (In)tolerance of the Far-Right: The Importance of Agency
Authors: Bjånesøy Lise
Published: May 2021

This paper examines the impact of far-right agency on public political tolerance—what the parties on the far right do to disconnect themselves from accusations of extremism and thus increase their political tolerance by the public. Examining such patterns is challenging because of the multiple varieties of party attributes and strategies that are used by the far right. This paper uses a conjoint survey experiment conducted in the Norwegian Citizen Panel. Each respondent was presented with one vignette describing important attributes of a hypothetical far-right initiative and was then asked to evaluate whether this initiative should be allowed to hold an event. The conjoint design makes it possible to test the impact of the ideological and organizational varieties of the far right. The results demonstrate that what the parties on the far right do is crucial for public political tolerance. Denying extremism and excluding extreme members increase tolerance. However, the features that the far right is not in control of, such as its ideological legacy and the fact that some of its members have been convicted of racist speech negatively affect public political tolerance. The paper concludes that the agency of the far right is a necessary but not sufficient condition for public political tolerance of the far right.
Contrasting Learning Psychology Theories Applied to the Teaching-Learning-Training Process of Tactics in Soccer
Authors: Hallé Petiot Grégory , Aquino Rodrigo , Silva Davi Correia da , Barreira Daniel Vieira , Raab Markus
Published: May 2021

Research in sport pedagogy and its applied recommendations are still characterized by a contrast between the different learning theories from psychology. Traditional theories and their corresponding approaches to the specific case of teaching and learning “how to play [team sports like soccer]” are subject to compatibilities and incompatibilities. We discuss how behaviorism as an approach to teaching the game shows more incompatibilities with the nature of tactical actions when compared to constructivism. As coaches strive to teach the game and make their players and team perform, we argue that teaching the game requires teaching approaches that will help develop their way to play (i.e., tactical behavior) without taking away their autonomy and adaptiveness. The teaching-learning-training process for playing the game should then be conducted to harmonize the characteristics of the contents, the context, and the individual(s) at hand. We provide two illustrated examples and portray how the recommended approaches fit key contents of the game that are observed in the tactical behavior. We finally argue that the coherent design of games provides minimal conditions to teaching approaches, and that such a design should be a priority when elaborating the learning activities along the player development process. As a conclusion, the interactionist theory is the one that best serves the teaching of the game and the development of tactical behavior. We therefore defend that its principles can help coaches tailor their own strategy to teach the game with the many tools.
The Relation Between Cognitively Measured Executive Functions and Reported Self-Regulated Learning Strategy Use in Adult Online Distance Education
Authors: Meijs Celeste , Gijselaers Hieronymus J. M. , Xu Kate M. , Kirschner Paul A. , De Groot Renate H. M.
Published: May 2021

While executive functions (EFs) and self-regulated learning (SRL) strategy use have been found to be related in several populations, this relationship has not been studied in adult online distance education (ODE). This is surprising as self-regulation, and thus using such strategies, is very important here. In this setting, we studied the relation between basic executive functions (i.e., working memory and shifting, measured with cognitive tests) and reported SRL-strategy use (i.e., management of time and effort, complex and simple cognitive strategy use, contacts with others, and academic thinking) within a correlational design with 889 adult online distance students. In this study, we performed regression analyses and took age and processing speed into consideration, as processing speed and EFs decrease with age, whereas self-regulation is reported to increase with age. Cognitively measured working memory was not related to reported SRL-strategy use in adult ODE students. Thus, even though the SRL-components within the strategies seem to elicit working memory, reported SRL-strategy use is not related to the functioning of this basic EF (measured with cognitive tests). This means that if SRL-strategy use needs to be increased in adult ODE students, training of working memory might not be an effective manner for achieving that goal. Better shifting and processing speed were related to less reported SRL-strategy use, which might suggest that SRL-strategies might be used to compensate for lower shifting (in academic thinking) and lower processing speed (in simple cognitive strategy use and contacts with others). With increasing age, the number of contacts with peers or teachers decreases. This latter finding might be of relevance during the pandemic since contacts with others is importance during lockdown.
The Role of Music in Everyday Life During the First Wave of the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Mixed-Methods Exploratory Study
Authors: Carlson Emily , Wilson Johanna , Baltazar Margarida , Duman Deniz , Peltola Henna-Riikka , Toiviainen Petri , Saarikallio Suvi
Published: May 2021

Although music is known to be a part of everyday life and a resource for mood and emotion management, everyday life has changed significantly for many due to the global coronavirus pandemic, making the role of music in everyday life less certain. An online survey in which participants responded to Likert scale questions as well as providing free text responses was used to explore how participants were engaging with music during the first wave of the pandemic, whether and how they were using music for mood regulation, and how their engagement with music related to their experiences of worry and anxiety resulting from the pandemic. Results indicated that, for the majority of participants, while many felt their use of music had changed since the beginning of the pandemic, the amount of their music listening behaviors were either unaffected by the pandemic or increased. This was especially true of listening to self-selected music and watching live streamed concerts. Analysis revealed correlations between participants’ use of mood for music regulation, their musical engagement, and their levels of anxiety and worry. A small number of participants described having negative emotional responses to music, the majority of whom also reported severe levels of anxiety.
Stress, Coping, and Resilience Before and After COVID-19: A Predictive Model Based on Artificial Intelligence in the University Environment
Authors: Morales-Rodríguez Francisco Manuel , Martínez-Ramón Juan Pedro , Méndez Inmaculada , Ruiz-Esteban Cecilia
Published: May 2021

The COVID-19 global health emergency has greatly impacted the educational field. Faced with unprecedented stress situations, professors, students, and families have employed various coping and resilience strategies throughout the confinement period. High and persistent stress levels are associated with other pathologies; hence, their detection and prevention are needed. Consequently, this study aimed to design a predictive model of stress in the educational field based on artificial intelligence that included certain sociodemographic variables, coping strategies, and resilience capacity, and to study the relationship between them. The non-probabilistic snowball sampling method was used, involving 337 people (73% women) from the university education community in south-eastern Spain. The Perceived Stress Scale, Stress Management Questionnaire, and Brief Resilience Scale were administered. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 24) was used to design the architecture of artificial neural networks. The results found that stress levels could be predicted by the synaptic weights of coping strategies and timing of the epidemic (before and after the implementation of isolation measures), with a predictive capacity of over 80% found in the neural network model. Additionally, direct and significant associations were identified between the use of certain coping strategies, stress levels, and resilience. The conclusions of this research are essential for effective stress detection, and therefore, early intervention in the field of educational psychology, by discussing the influence of resilience or lack thereof on the prediction of stress levels. Identifying the variables that maintain a greater predictive power in stress levels is an effective strategy to design more adjusted prevention programs and to anticipate the needs of the community.
The Effects of Contact With Nature During Outdoor Environmental Education on Students’ Wellbeing, Connectedness to Nature and Pro-sociality
Authors: Pirchio Sabine , Passiatore Ylenia , Panno Angelo , Cipparone Maurilio , Carrus Giuseppe
Published: May 2021

Experiences of contact with nature in school education might be beneficial for promoting ecological lifestyles and the wellbeing of children, families, and teachers. Many theories and empirical evidence on restorative environments, as well as on the foundations of classical pedagogical approaches, recognize the value of the direct experience with natural elements, and the related psychological and educational outcomes (e.g., positive emotions, autonomy, self-efficacy, empathy). In this work we present two studies focusing on the contact with nature in outdoor education interventions with primary and secondary school students in Italy. A questionnaire measuring connectedness to nature, psycho-physical wellbeing, pro-environmental attitudes, students’ life satisfaction, pro-social behavior, empathy and anxiety was completed before and after the education program by the participants to the intervention group and by students of a control group. The students in the intervention groups (154 in study 1 and 170 in study 2) participated in environmental education programs consisting in guided activities in contact with the nature during four visits in one of two natural protected areas. The students in the control groups (253 in study 1 and 168 in study 2) attended the same schools as the intervention group but they were not involved in the environmental education program. The students in both the groups completed the questionnaire in the same weeks of the year. Findings show that taking part to the outdoor education program has positive outcomes on psycho-physical wellbeing, on connectedness to nature and on pro-social behavior of students in the intervention group, compared to the control group. The implications related to the effectiveness of outdoor education interventions and future directions of research and practice in environmental psychology and education are discussed.
Examining the Role of Attention Deficits in the Social Problems and Withdrawn Behavior of Children With Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Symptoms
Authors: Yung Trevor W. K. , Lai Cynthia Y. Y. , Chan Jacob Y. C. , Ng Shamay S. M. , Chan Chetwyn C. H.
Published: May 2021

Previous studies have found that sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms are often associated with social problems and withdrawn behavior. However, the possible neuropsychological mechanism underlying this relationship remains unclear. Some studies have also found that SCT symptoms are related to deficits in sustained attention and selective attention. However, no study has examined whether attention deficits are related to social problems and withdrawn behavior in children with SCT. This study was the first to examine the neuropsychological correlates of social problems and withdrawn behavior among children with SCT symptoms. The results showed that sustained attention measure (omission) predicted the severity of social problems and withdrawn behavior in children with SCT even after controlling for symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Selective attention measure (response latency mean) was also found to predict the severity of social problems. These results suggest that the social problems commonly exhibited by children with SCT are related to deficits in sustained attention and attentional control. Thus, our results provide an initial support to the link between attention deficits and social problems among children with SCT.
Facial Emotion Recognition in Schizophrenia
Authors: Gao Zhiyun , Zhao Wentao , Liu Sha , Liu Zhifen , Yang Chengxiang , Xu Yong
Published: May 2021

Deficits in facial emotion recognition are one of the most common cognitive impairments, and they have been extensively studied in various psychiatric disorders, especially in schizophrenia. However, there is still a lack of conclusive evidence about the factors associated with schizophrenia and impairment at each stage of the disease, which poses a challenge to the clinical management of patients. Based on this, we summarize facial emotion cognition among patients with schizophrenia, introduce the internationally recognized Bruce–Young face recognition model, and review the behavioral and event-related potential studies on the recognition of emotions at each stage of the face recognition process, including suggestions for the future direction of clinical research to explore the underlying mechanisms of schizophrenia.
Cardiovascular Disease and Mental Distress Among Ethnic Groups in Kyrgyzstan
Authors: Azfar Hossain Syed , Dzhusupov Kenesh O. , Orru Hans , Nordin Steven , Nordin Maria , Orru Kati
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this study was to characterize different ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan regarding cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mental distress, and to investigate the association between CVD and mental distress. The mental distress was measured in terms of sleep disturbance, burnout, and stress.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among six ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan, aged 18 years and above. The sample was stratified for age, education, family status, and income. We used the Karolinska Sleep Questionnaire to assess sleep disturbance, the physical and emotional subscale of the Shirom Melamed Burnout Questionnaire to assess burnout, and the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale to assess perceived stress.

Results: The distribution of CVD differed significantly between the six ethnic groups, with higher prevalence among East Europeans, and Western Asians and lower among Other minorities and Central Asians. In all ethnic groups in Kyrgyzstan, individuals with CVD had increased odds of sleep disturbance and burnout. There was a significant difference in burnout and stress between persons with and without CVD in Kyrgyz and East European ethnic groups.

Conclusion: There was a significant difference in burnout and stress between persons with and without CVD in Kyrgyz and East European ethnic groups. In addition to CVD prevention, mitigating sleep disturbance and preventing burnout in the general population should be aimed at in public health measures.
A Deeper Look at Autonomous Vehicle Ethics: An Integrative Ethical Decision-Making Framework to Explain Moral Pluralism
Authors: Rhim Jimin , Lee Ji-Hyun , Chen Mo , Lim Angelica
Published: May 2021

The autonomous vehicle (AV) is one of the first commercialized AI-embedded robots to make autonomous decisions. Despite technological advancements, unavoidable AV accidents that result in life-and-death consequences cannot be completely eliminated. The emerging social concern of how an AV should make ethical decisions during unavoidable accidents is referred to as the moral dilemma of AV, which has promoted heated discussions among various stakeholders. However, there are research gaps in explainable AV ethical decision-making processes that predict how AVs’ moral behaviors are made that are acceptable from the AV users’ perspectives. This study addresses the key question: What factors affect ethical behavioral intentions in the AV moral dilemma? To answer this question, this study draws theories from multidisciplinary research fields to propose the “Integrative ethical decision-making framework for the AV moral dilemma.” The framework includes four interdependent ethical decision-making stages: AV moral dilemma issue framing, intuitive moral reasoning, rational moral reasoning, and ethical behavioral intention making. Further, the framework includes variables (e.g., perceived moral intensity, individual factors, and personal moral philosophies) that influence the ethical decision-making process. For instance, the framework explains that AV users from Eastern cultures will tend to endorse a situationist ethics position (high idealism and high relativism), which views that ethical decisions are relative to context, compared to AV users from Western cultures. This proposition is derived from the link between individual factors and personal moral philosophy. Moreover, the framework proposes a dual-process theory, which explains that both intuitive and rational moral reasoning are integral processes of ethical decision-making during the AV moral dilemma. Further, this framework describes that ethical behavioral intentions that lead to decisions in the AV moral dilemma are not fixed, but are based on how an individual perceives the seriousness of the situation, which is shaped by their personal moral philosophy. This framework provides a step-by-step explanation of how pluralistic ethical decision-making occurs, reducing the abstractness of AV moral reasoning processes.
Factors affecting primary care practitioners’ alcohol-related discussions with older adults: a qualitative study
Authors: Bareham Bethany Kate , Stewart Jemma , Kaner Eileen , Hanratty Barbara
Published: May 2021

Background

Risk of harm from drinking is heightened in later life, owing to age-related sensitivities to alcohol. Primary care services have a key role in supporting older people (aged ≥50 years) to make healthier decisions about alcohol.

Aim

To examine primary care practitioners’ perceptions of factors that promote and challenge their work to support older people in alcohol risk-reduction.

Design and setting

Qualitative study consisting of semi-structured interviews and focus groups with primary care practitioners in Northern England.

Method

Thirty-five practitioners (GPs, practice/district nurses, pharmacists, dentists, social care practitioners, and domiciliary carers) participated in eight interviews and five focus groups. Data were analysed thematically, applying principles of constant comparison.

Results

Practitioners highlighted particular sensitivities to discussing alcohol among older people, and reservations about older people’s resistance to making changes in old age; given that drinking practices could be established, and promote socialisation and emotional wellbeing in later life. Age-related health issues increased older people’s contact with practitioners, but management of older people’s long-term conditions was prioritised over discussion of alcohol. Dedicated time to address alcohol in routine consultations with older people and training in alcohol intervention facilitated practitioners, particularly pharmacists and practice nurses.

Conclusion

There are clear opportunities to support older people in primary care to make healthier decisions about alcohol. Dedicated time to address alcohol, training in identification of alcohol-related risks (particularly those associated with old age), and tailored interventions for older people, feasible to implement in practice settings, would help primary care practitioners to address older people’s alcohol use.
PERGUMULAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUKUM ADAT PADA MASYARAKAT OSING BANYUWANGI (SEBUAH KAJIAN ETNOGRAFI HUKUM ISLAM)
Authors: Nurcahyono Moh. Lutfi , Yulianto Rohmad Adi
Published: May 2021

Islamic and customary law in Indonesia are two entities whose dialectics are taken into consideration in resolving legal issues. The dialectic of both is interesting to study when responding to the changes that occur. Identity is certainly something that is maintained in the midst of this change. It is hoped that the harmonization of the two will always be realized so that the two legal systems are complementary. Islamic law accepts the effectiveness of customary law in its legislative process, while adat accepts Islamic law as the culmination point of indigenous law. This paper tries to understand the dialectic of Islamic law with Osing customs, especially the traditions of the Osing tribe with an ethnographic approach and using a non-conflictual approach theory. The struggle for Islamic and customary law that runs in harmony can be found among the Muslim community of the Osing Banyuwangi tribe. So that the dialectic process and results both deserve to be assessed as the uniqueness of Islam in Indonesia. 

Abstrak

Hukum Islam dan adat di Indonesia merupakan dua entitas yang dialektikanya dijadikan pertimbangan dalam menyelesaikan persoalan hukum. Dialektika keduanya menarik untuk dikaji ketika merespon perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi. Identitas tentu menjadi hal yang dipertahankan di tengah perubahan itu. Harmonisasi keduanya tentu diharapkan akan selalu terealisasi sehingga kedua sistem hukum ini saling melengkapi. Hukum Islam menerima keefektifan hukum adat dalam proses legislatifnya, sementara adat menerima hukum Islam sebagai titik kulminasi dari hukum pribumi. Tulisan ini mencoba memahami dialektika hukum Islam dengan adat Osing khususnya tradisi-tradisi suku Osing dengan pendekatan etnografi dan menggunakan teori non-konfliktual approach. Pergumulan hukum Islam dan adat yang berjalan dengan harmonis ini dapat dijumpai di kalangan masyarakat muslim suku Osing Banyuwangi. Sehingga proses dan hasil dialektika keduanya patut untuk dinilai sebagai kekhasan Islam di Indonesia.
THE CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, ENDOSCOPIC FINDINGS AND THE EFFICACY OF THE BISMUTH-CONTAINING QUADRUPLE REGIMEN INTREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH HELICOBACTER PYLORIGASTRODUODENAL INFLAMMATORY AND ULCER AT CAN THO HOSPITAL OF UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
Authors: Thai Thi Hong Nhung , Huynh Hieu Tam
Published: May 2021

Background: Helicobacter pylori causes inflammation of the gastric mucosa and is associated with many upper gastrointestinal diseases, including chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. The treatment of Helicobacter pylori still remains many challenges, because many factors such as the resistance of antibiotics, adverse efects or cost of drugs can affect the treatment’s efficacy. Bismuth-containing quadruple regimen is recommended as a first-line therapy in areas with high clarithromycin and metronidazole resistance as well as an option for patients who have previously failed to respond to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Nowadays there have been very few researches on the effectiveness of this regimen including the replacement of Metronidazole by Tinidazole on Helicobacter pylori infection treatment in our country, especially in Can Tho city.

Objective: 1. To describe the clinical characteristics and endoscopic findings of patients with Helicobacter pylori gastroduodenal inflammatory and ulcer. 2. To evaluate the efficacy of Bismuth-based therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection.

Patients and methods: From November 2019 to May 2020 we carried out our study on 40 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection. All of patients received a quadruple therapy consisted of Rapeprazole 20 mg bid, Colloidal bismuth subcitrate 120mg qid, Tetracycline 500mg qid and Tinidazol 500mg tid for 14 days. The diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection was performed by Clotest. Four to eight weeks after completion of therapy, Helicobacter pylori status was rechecked by Clotest or C13 urea-breath test.

Results: A total of 40 patients with Helicobacter pylori infection were recruited. The most common clinical characteristics was epigastric pain (75%), the most popularly identified endoscopic findings were erythematous gastritis (57.5%) and ulcer (12.5%). The eradication rates of the Bismuth-containing quadruple regimen on intention to treat (ITT) and per-protocol (PP) analysis were 95% and 97.2%, respectively. Adverse effects occurred in 75% of subjects. The common side effects were fatigue, anorexia and nausea. The compliance rate was 97.5%.

Conclusion: Bismuth-containing quadruple regimen achieved very high eradication rates. Side effects were common but not serious. The medication adherence rate was high.

Key words: Bismuth-containing quadruple regimen, eradication, Helicobacter pylori infection
Study the value of lung low dose computed tomography in early detection the malignant pulmonary nodule
Authors: Hoang Ha , Doan Dung Tien , Le Trong Khoan
Published: May 2021

Background: Early diagnosis of the malignant pulmonary nodules plays an important role in decreasing the mortality, increasing the lifetime and considering as early detection of lung cancer. Objectives: To describe the characteristics and diagnostic value of the malignant suspected signs of pulmonary nodule. Materials and methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study on 33 patients with localized pulmonary nodule which has indications of biopsy or surgery at Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from 05/2017 to 08/2018. Results: A majority of pulmonary nodules were found in the right upper lobe with 42.4%; solitary pulmonary nodules made up the majority of 75.8%. (Nodules > 21.5 mm: 57.6%; nodules ≤ 21.5 mm: 42.4%; solid nodules: 97% and mixed nodules: 3%, round shape: 42.4% and polygons: 57.6%; irregular margin: 78.8%; regular margin: 21.2%; eccentric and stippled calcification: 18.2%; non-calcification: 81.8%; air-bronchogram in nodules: 39.4%; air-bronchogram (-): 60.6%; fat containing pulmonary nodules: 6.1%, malignant and benign confirmed by biopsy: 39.3% and 60.7% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of features included size > 21.5 mm; air-bronchogram in nodules, polygons for malignant nodules diagnosis are 81.6%; 92.3%; 76.9% and 60%, 65%, 85% respectively. Conclusions: Three features of nodules: Size ≥ 21.5 mm; air-bronchogram and polygons are suggestive malignant characteristics. The combination of two or more characteristics have the sensitive 92.3% and specific 80%
Keywords: pulmonary nodule, thoracic computed tomography, lung cancer.
PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF ENDOVENOUS LASER TREATMENT FOR SAPHENOUS VENOUS INSUFFICIENCY IN HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Nguyen Hoang Minh , Trinh Cong Thao
Published: May 2021

Saphenous venous insufficency (VI) is more and more common. This disease is diagnosed by clinical symptoms and doppler US. In the last decade, ligation and stripping was main treatment modalities. Recently, there are many alternative methods for this disease such as sclerotherapy, thermal therapies… Laser is one of effective procedure for VI. Objective: To evaluate short-term outcomes of endovenous laser ablation for the treatment of saphenous venous insufficiency. Methods: This retrospective study included 124 patients at C2 stage and above (CEAP classification) who underwent endovenous laser ablation at Hue Central Hospital from 12/2014 to 02/2017. Results: The patients’ average median age was 52 ± 12.18. Patients with great saphenous insufficency were 98.4% (181 limbs) and only 1.6% with small saphenous disease. Most of them were treated with laser wavelength at 1470nm, power at 6-10W. There were 82 patients needed phlebectomy (Muller) and 20 patients associated with sclerotherapy. Most of cases underwent local anesthesia. The initial outcomes of the patient are excelent, there were no major complication related to the procedure. Most of patient were no pain significantly after treatment. The number of patient with mild (no need of antalgics) and severe pain (needed fort antalgics for 5 days) due to laser ablation were 4 cases and 1 case, respectively. Patients could return to daily activities at the day after. A follow – up postoperative ultrasound after 10 days: 100% of cases presented sclerosant veins and no intravenous flow, no deep venous thrombose. There were no recurrence at 3 and 6 month of medical revisit. Conclusion: Endovenous laser treatment was proven as a method of preference for chronic vein insufficiency because of its advandtages such as minimal invasive technique, high successive percentage, least of complication, high aesthetics and early to return daily activities. Key words: Saphenous venous insufficency (VI), laser, endovenous laser ablation
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, LABORATORY TESTS AND TREATMENT OUTCOME IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY FAILURE REQUIRING INVASIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATOR IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT AT HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY HOSPITAL
Authors: Vo Viet Ha , Phan Van Minh Quan
Published: May 2021

Ojectives: 1. To describe the clinical and subclinical characteristics of patients with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive ventilation. 2. To evaluate the outcome of acute respiratory failure treatment with invasive ventilation and factors related to treatment failure. Materials and Method: 51 patients diagnosed with acute respiratory failure requiring invasive mechanical ventilation in ICU at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy Hospital. The prospective cohort study. Results: The mean age was 69.6 ± 16.4. Tachypnea and agitation were the most common sign (51%). The mean APACHE II score was 20.2 ± 3.3. The mortality rate was 33.3%. The variables associated with treatment failure were age ≥ 70 tuổi (RR = 2.7; p < 0.05), history of chronic kidney disease (RR = 2.9; p < 0.05), sepsis as a cause of mechanical ventilation (RR = 2.5; p < 0.05), ventilator-associated pneumonia (RR = 2.4; p < 0.05) and renal dysfunction during treatment (RR =2.4; p < 0.05). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of ARF patients requiring IMV were various and the mortality rate remained high. Risk factors for treatment failure included age ≥ 70, history of chronic kidney disease, sepsis as a cause of mechanical ventilation, ventilator-associated pneumonia and renal dysfunction during treatment.
Keywords: acute respiratory failure, invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation
PERIPHERAL BLOOD CELL CHARACTERISTICS OF LAOTIAN STUDENTS IN HUE
Authors: Le Phan Minh Triet , Phoukhong Keopaseuth , Nguyen Dac Duy Nghiem , Ha Nu Thuy Duong , Hoang Thi Anh Thu , Truong Thi Quynh Nhu , Le Quoc Dat , Pham Thanh Tuong
Published: May 2021

Background: To evaluate the complete blood count of Laotian students in Hue city. Materials and method: A cross-sectional study on 400 Lao students who were examinated the complete blood count at Department of Hematology, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy from September 2019 to May 2020. Results: 400 Lao students (male/female = 1/1.2), the students who came from Salavan province accounted for the highest percentage (22.25%). The mean of age was 24.78 ± 6.44 (17 - 44). The mean of red blood cells (RBC) was 5.13 ± 0.73 T/L and of hemoglobin in the study group was 129.27 ± 18.58 g/L. The percentage of students with anemia was 13.5% and there were 3 students with severe anemia. The mean of mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) were respectively 81.27 ± 9.32 fL (49.2 - 103.9) and 25.50 ± 3.56 pg (11.8 - 33.2). The mean of white blood cells (WBC) and platelets (PLT) were respectively 7.42 ± 2.29 G/L and 272.33 ± 83.62 G/L. There was a correlation between anemia and age (p < 0.05), mainly in 26 - 40. There was significant difference about RBC and Hb between anemic group and non-anemic group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is essential to check the complete blood count of Laotian students to evaluate anemia and screen hemoglobinopathies.
Keywords: Laotian students, red blood cell (RBC), white blood cell (WBC), platelet (PLT), hemoglobin (Hb)
COMMON HEALTH PROBLEMS AND UTILIZATION OF PRIMARY HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN THE RURAL AREAS OF THUA THIEN HUE PROVINCE
Authors: Duong Quang Tuan , Le Ho Thi Quynh Anh , Nguyen Nam Hung , Nguyen Minh Tam
Published: May 2021

Although health status in Vietnam has been much improved, people living in rural areas have faced several challenges, including a rapid increase of the aging population, inadequate capacity of health system, and problems of inequities in access to the healthcare system. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the common health problems and health care utilization of people living in the rural areas of Thua Thien Hue province. Methods: A cross-sectional study and geography information system application were carried out. A total of 2.631 individuals in 599 households of a lowland area and a mountainous area was interviewed with a structured questionnaire regarding to health status and health care utilization during the last 6 months. Geography information system software was used to visualize these data of household. Results: 32.8% of participants reported at least an episode of illness within 6 months prior to the interviews. Most of illness people lived in mountainous area. Fever, uncomplicated hypertension, cough, and headache were reported as the most common health problems among participants. Most of participants preferred to visit commune health centers and district hospitals. People in different areas have a significant difference trend from another in choosing health facilities. Conclusion: Residents in difficult-to-reach areas had high prevalence of health problems and experienced social and structural barriers of healthcare services access. It is necessary to improve the availability and quality of primary care services to improve the health status and accessibility of disadvantaged people.
Keywords: primary care, utilization, rural areas, health care acessibility
SURVEY ON CHARACTERISTICS CLINICAL OF DYSMENORRHEA AND THE NEED FOR TREATMENT WITH TRADITIONAL MEDICINE OF FEMALE STUDENTS OF HUE UNIVERSITY OF MEDICINE AND PHARMACY
Authors: Doan Van Minh , Nguyen Thi Kim Lien , Nguyen Quang Tam , Le Thi Minh Thao , Tran Nhat Minh
Published: May 2021

Background: Dysmenorrhea is understood as a woman suffering from menstrual pain. Dysmenorrhea is often manifested with symptoms such as abdominal pain, back pain, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, dizziness,... it not only causes physical pain for the patient, expensive treatment, but also greatly affects the quality of life.

Objective: To stduy characteristics of dysmenorrhea and the need for treatment with traditional medicine of female students of Hue university of medicine and pharmacy.

Materials and method: A crosssectional descriptive study was conducted in 409 female students from 8 academic majors at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Students were instructed and completed a self-administered questionnaire, using the Cox Retrospective Symptom Scale (RSS –Cox) to assess menstrual symptoms, using the VAS pain severity scale to assess the level of pain.

Result: The rate of dysmenorrhea among female students of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy was 88.8%. Moderate pain (according to VAS) accounts for 51.8%, mild pain 30.3% and severe pain 17.9%. The average RSS-Cox1 score was 16.7 ± 10.6 and the RSS-Cox 2 score was 13.0 ± 9.5. According to traditional medicine, Excess accounts for 65.3%, Deficiency 47.9%, Heat 3.0% and Cold 51.8%. In clinical type, the pattern of stagnation of cold-dampness accounts for 38.3%, stagnation of Qi and blood stasis 30.9%, deficiency of Qi and blood 18.7% deficiency of the liver and kidney 10.5%. The proportion of students who need for treatment with traditional medicine is 14.9%, acupress massage and moxibustion are the two methods with the highest demand for treatment.

Conclusion: The rate of dysmenorrhea among female students at Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy is high, most of them have moderate pain, and menstrual-related symptoms appear more often with quite severe levels. According to traditional medicine, most of them have the manifestations of Excess and Cold, corresponding to stagnation of cold-dampness and stagnation of Qi and blood stasis are higher than the others. Demand for treatment of dysmenorrhea with traditional medicine is relatively low, most of them need treatment with acupress massage and moxibustion methods.

Key words: dysmenorrhea, the need for treatment, female students, Hue university of medicine and pharmacy
A STUDY OF CLINICAL AND SUBCLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS IN ACUTE DIARRHEA IN CHILDREN FROM 2 MONTHS TO 5 YEARS IN HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Pham Vo Phuong Thao
Published: May 2021

Background: Mortality of diarrhea have decreased significantly starting in 2000, from about 1.2 million deaths among children under 5 years old to 526,000 in 2015 - a 57% reduction. Despite this, diarrhea remains the second most common cause of death among children under 5, closely following pneumonia.

Objectives: To describe clinical and subclinical characteristics of acute diarrhea in children from 2 months to 5 years of age.

Subjects and methods: 148 patients from 2 months to 5 years of age who were diagnosed with acute diarrhea for treatment in General Pediatrics Department 1 - Pediatric Center - Hue Central Hospital from April 2018 to April 2019. Set up a cross-sectional study.

Results: The group of 2 - 24 months of age accounted for the highest proportion (83.1%), no dehydration (84.5%), dehydration (15.5%), no severe dehydration. The common electrolyte disturbance is hyponatremia (15.5%) and hypokalemia (32.4%).

Conclusion: Acute diarrhea in children usually lasts less than 7 days; The common symptoms are vomiting, fever, inflammation of the upper respiratory tract; Laboratory tests showed that peripheral leukocytes were usually not increased and most of them were caused by Rotavirus.

Key words: clinical, subclinical, acute diarrhea