bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of sheep breeds on the susceptibility to strongyle infection in Rajasthan
Authors: SINGH D , SWARNKAR C P
Published: December 2023

A study was conducted to observe the influence of sheep breeds on the susceptibility to natural strongyle infection in Rajasthan. Faecal samples (39,896) from native, crossbred and exotic sheep managed under farm condition in both arid and semi-arid agro-climate of Rajasthan were evaluated for incidence and intensity of strongyle infection (predominated by Haemonchus contortus). In semi-arid region, parasitological profile showed relatively the lowest susceptibility of Garole and its crosses followed by Malpura, Chokla, Kheri and the highest susceptibility in crossbreds. Like-wise in arid region, the lowest susceptibility was expressed by Nali sheep followed by Marwari, Chokla, crossbreds and the highest susceptibility by exotic sheep. During wormy season, at Arid Region Campus, Bikaner, Marwari sheep possessed greater resistance compared to Magra sheep. It was also observed that similar genotype of sheep vary in susceptibility according to agroclimatic conditions and resultant pasture infectivity. The over-dispersion phenomenon in faecal egg counts suggested that inter-individual variation in susceptibility to natural infection was of more importance than inter- breed differences. Further the study suggested that for selection for resistance to GIN infection in Indian sheep under natural condition might be possible.
Phylogenetic analysis of recent classical swine fever virus isolates (CSFV) from Karnataka, India
Authors: SHIVARAJ D B , PATIL S S , RATHNAMMA D , HEMADRI D , ISLOOR S , GEETHA S , MANJUNATHA REDDY G B , SHARADA R , RAHMAN H
Published: December 2023

Classical swine fever (CSF) outbreaks are detected throughout the year. Tissue (spleen and lymph nodes) samples (6) collected from 5 classical swine fever outbreaks in different districts of Karnataka state were subjected to virus isolation in PK–15 cells and virus could be recovered from all the 6 samples. Virus isolation was confirmed by reverse transcription-PCR using primers specific to 5’UTR region and sequenced. Alignment of 150 nucleotides of 5’UTR region with that of 33 published sequences available in Genbank, including 22 Indian CSFV sequences was done to get better epidemiological information on classical swine fever virus (CSFV). Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the isolates from Karnataka could be grouped into subgroup 2.2. Phylogenetic tree confirmed that members of 2.2 subgroup show higher divergence among themselves when compared to other cluster within subgroup 1.1. The study also revealed involvement of 2 different isolates in an outbreak. Most of the outbreaks in our study are due to recent introduction of new stocks of pigs from other places. Even though group 1 viruses are predominant in India, the group 2 viruses are also gradually spreading as confirmed by frequent detection/ isolation of group 2 viruses in the recent years. It appears that subgroup 2.2 viruses are gradually replacing the subgroup 1.1 viruses, indicating the changing epidemiological scenario.
Heat stress alleviation in lactating buffaloes: Effect on physiological response, metabolic hormone, milk production and composition
Authors: DAS K S , SINGH J K , SINGH G , UPADHYAY R C , MALIK R , OBEROI P S
Published: December 2023

To find out the effect of heat stress alleviation on physiological response, metabolic hormone profiles, milk production and composition in lactating buffaloes during hot-dry (HD) and hot-humid (HH) seasons, 42 lactating Nili-Ravi buffaloes were uniformly divided into 2 groups of 21 each. The treatment (T1) group was supplemented with niacin, yeast, edible oil and provided with curtains, additional ceiling fans and mist fans in the shed. The feeding time, frequency and method for providing concentrate were altered. The control (T0) group buffaloes were kept in separate shed without any nutrient supplementation, modification in microclimate and management. The rectal temperatures, recorded at 10 AM and 3 PM, were significantly lower in treatment group buffaloes than control group under both seasons. Similar trends in pulse rate and respiration rate were recorded among treatment and control group buffaloes in both seasons. Plasma cortisol, T3 and T4 values were almost similar in both control and treatment groups. The average daily milk production was significantly higher in treatment group than control group from starting to the end of the experiment. The average total fat and SNF production in treatment group were significantly higher compared to control group. The overall fat per cent in milk of control group buffaloes was recorded to be 7.71% which was significantly higher than treatment group. It was concluded that nutrient supplementations, microclimate modifications and management alterations together in the form of one package help reducing heat stress.It has beneficial effect on physiological responses, total milk production and composition in lactating buffaloes during hot dry and hot humid summer without affecting cortisol, T3 and T4 profile.
Nutritional evaluation of dual purpose barley as fodder
Authors: HUNDAL J S , KUMAR BALWINDER , WADHWA M , BAKSHI M P S , RAM HARI
Published: December 2023

The present study was taken up to assess the effect of N scheduling on the fodder and grain yield and on the nutritional worth of green fodder obtained from grain (RD–2552) and dual purpose (RD-2035) barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) varieties. The crop of both the cultivars was harvested 55 days after sowing (DAS) and was used as fodder. Nitrogen fertilizer (urea) was applied @ 87q/ha, either 50% at the time of sowing and 50% after 55 DAS (T1); 50% at the time of sowing, 25% after 55 DAS and 25% after next irrigation i.e. 80 DAS (T2); 33% at the time of sowing, 33% after 55 DAS and 33% after 80 DAS (T3); 33% at the time of sowing and 67% after 55 DAS (T4) or 67% at the time of sowing and 33% after 55 DAS (T5). Both the varieties of barley were cultivated in 1.15 m × 7.0 m plots in triplicate at the Ludhiana campus of Punjab Agricultural University for 2 consecutive years. The data were analyzed statistically by using 2 × 5 factorial design. The dual purpose variety, irrespective of N-scheduling, gave significantly higher fodder and significantly lower grain yield as compared to grain variety. The N-scheduling, irrespective of the genotype, did not have any significant effect on the fodder yield in 2008–09, but during 2009– 10 significantly higher fodder yield was observed in T5 as compared to T3 and T4 N- scheduling. While reverse trend was observed in grain yield i.e. it was highest in T4 followed by T3, but lowest in T1 N-scheduling in both the years of cultivation. The grain variety had significantly higher total ash, CP and hemicellulose content, while the dual purpose variety had significantly higher ADF and cellulose content. The T2 N-scheduling resulted in the highest CP and EE content and lowest cell wall constituents. The net gas production, digestibility of nutrients, VFA production and ME availability were significantly higher in the fodder of grain variety as compared to dual purpose barley variety. The N-scheduling showed no significant effect on above parameters. It was concluded that grain variety (RD-2552) had high grain and straw yield but low green fodder yield with better nutritional quality as compared to dual purpose barley variety (RD-2035).
Ranking of zoonotic diseases using composite index method: An illustration in Indian context
Authors: KURIAN ARUN , DANDAPAT PREMANSHU , JACOB SHIJA , FRANCIS JOSEPHINE
Published: December 2023

This study illustrates the method of ranking the most important zoonotic diseases in India based on composite index method. Every reported zoonotic disease in India was ascertained a composite index, based on 7 indices or factors as follows: Incidence and prevalence of the disease in human and in animal populations, severity of the adverse health effects in humans, trends and distribution of the zoonotic disease in human and in animal populations, the economic loss in production and the negative impact on trade and industry. Based on these composite indices, the most important zoonotic diseases in India were identified and ranked accordingly. The 8 most important identified zoonoses ranked in the order of descending impact are: rabies, highly pathogenic avian influenza, anthrax, brucellosis, leptospirosis, bovine tuberculosis, Japanese encephalitis and porcine cysticercosis. Ranking based on the composite index method is highly useful in identifying the impacts of zoonotic diseases in diverse contexts. This will improve the decision making among planners at national and international levels, for better utilization and prioritization of available resources for the control and eradication of these diseases.
Changes in sera proteome in relation to day of pregnancy in early pregnant buffaloes
Authors: BALHARA A K , GUPTA MEENAKSHI , MOHANTY A K , PHULIA S K , SHARMA R K , SINGH SURENDER , SINGH INDERJEET
Published: December 2023

The present study was planned for studying the sequential changes in early pregnant buffalo for the development of diagnostics for early pregnancy. In the present study, sera samples obtained at weekly intervals from early pregnant (day 0 to day 42 post-AI) buffaloes, and on days 0, 7 and 14 from non-pregnant cyclic buffaloes, were subjected to depletion of high abundant proteins followed by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and densitometric analysis. At least 65 2-D gel spots exhibited up-regulation, down-regulation or specific appearance at a specific stage during early buffalo pregnancy, except for the spots correlating with the high abundant proteins’ location. Comparison with ExPASy and NCBI databases matched 48 of these spots with known proteins, but with varying degrees of confidence in terms of Mascot score and the species. Although high abundant proteins were depleted before 2-D electrophoresis, yet in some of the picked spots isoforms of common abundant proteins, viz. serum albumin, igg, serrotransferrin, complement and mhc molecules, were found. synaptojanin-1, apolipoprotein a-1, apolipoprotein b, keratin 10 and von Willebrand factors were some of the proteins identified in these spots, which have a documented role in embryogenesis and early pregnancy.
Glycoproteins profiles of placental extract -A step towards development of biomarkers of pregnancy in water buffalo
Authors: KUMAR PRADEEP , SAXENA ABHISHEK , SINGH S K , AGARWAL S K
Published: December 2023

In this study, profiles of glycoproteins of buffalo cotyledons at different stages of pregnancy were studied. First time, WGA lectin affinity chromatography was used to isolate glycoproteins from cotyledons at different stages of gestation in buffalo. The hyper immune sera against the isolated glycoproteins showed no cross reactivity to non- pregnant tissue extract confirming the presence of glycoproteins in samples associated with pregnancy. During early pregnancy, presence of 4 glycoproteins of molecular weights 86, 67, 56 and 51 kDa and out of these glycoproteins, 3 glycoproteins (67, 56 and 51 kDa) were found immunoreactive on western blot analysis. Five glycoproteins of molecular weights 86, 75, 67, 56 and 38 kDa were identified in the mid- and late- stages of pregnancy and all were found immunoreactive. These glycoproteins may be useful for development of RIA/ ELISA based species specific assay for pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring of fetus in buffalo.
Effects of compound treatment of exogenous feed enzymes and microwave irradiation on in vitro ruminal fermentation and intestinal digestion of guar meal
Authors: NARIMANI S , TAGHIZADEH A , SIS N MAHERI , PARNIAN F , NOBARI B BAGHBANZADEH
Published: December 2023

Effects of compound treatments of microwave irradiation (900 W) for 0, 2 and 4 min and exogenous feed enzymes at the application rate of 0, 250 and 500 g/ton on fermentation kinetics and digestibility of guar meal were evaluated by in vitro gas production and 3-step in vitro digestion techniques. Cumulative gas production was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 36, 48, 72 and 96 h of incubation and its kinetic was estimated using model: GP = A[1 - e-(t-L)]. To investigate ruminal and post ruminal digestion, the in situ and Ankom daisy-II incubation techniques were performed. Although enzyme supplementation levels had no significant effects on gas production, quadratic response to enzyme levels was observed after 12 h post-incubation and continued up to 96 h post-incubation. Microwave irradiation did not show significant impact on cumulative gas production. Interaction of enzyme and microwave irradiation was also not significant. While, there was no significant difference in potential gas production parameter (A) due to the effects of exogenous enzyme levels, microwave irradiation times or their interactions, gas production rate (c) was higher than control for all enzyme treatments. Significant effect of feed enzyme and microwave irradiation interaction was observed on guar dry matter (DM) digestibility. Post-ruminal digestibility of CP in compound treatment of no enzyme and 2 min microwave irradiation has the lowest digestibility (905.4 g/ kg). Moreover, interaction between enzyme and microwave irradiation on guar meal post-ruminal CP digestibility was significant. It was concluded that heat processing of high protein oil seed meals followed by exogenous feed enzyme supplementation might lessen the possible Maillard reaction effects of heat processing. In conclusion, according to present study such order of compound treatments might shift protein digestion from rumen to post- ruminal sites. Consequently, this will improve protein and amino acids profile of followed digesta to small intestine, which is crucial in animal productivity performance.
The Complete Genome Sequences of 5 Species of Sardinella (Clupeidae, Clupeiformes)
Authors: Willette Demian A. , Pirro Stacy , Thomas Rey C. , Santos Mudjekeewis D.
Published: December 2023

We present the complete genome sequences of 5 species of Sardinella. Illumina sequencing was performed on genetic material from wild-caught specimens. The reads were assembled using a de novo method followed by a finishing step. The raw and assembled data are publicly available via Genbank.
Service-Learning: Metodologia ativa na universidade
Authors: Lima Raquel Garcia de , Macuch Regiane da Silva
Published: December 2023

Novos procedimentos de ensino e de aprendizagem para o Ensino Superior propiciam compreensão mais eficaz do conteúdo teórico associado à prática. Entre esses procedimentos encontram-se as metodologias ativas, nas quais, o aluno transita de mero consumidor de informações para o protagonista de sua própria aprendizagem. O service-learning é uma dessas metodologias.
Statistical analysis of social networks as a means of communication for children in educational institutions in Riohacha, La Guajira, Colombia
Authors: Cuentas Figueroa Rafael , Cuentas Correa Glen , Pimienta Gomez Suraya del Rosario
Published: December 2023

Technological advancements have impacted human life in various magnitudes, influencing the social, cultural, and educational aspects, particularly among children. The study aimed to examine the influence and impact of social networks concerning issues such as cyberbullying, sexting, grooming, and vamping, among others. Furthermore, different indicators of social network incidence in the school population were explored. According to the conclusions drawn, it was found that the use of social networks negatively affects the academic performance of children in Riohacha, generating social isolation, fear, and both visual and mental fatigue. It was also observed that most children in Riohacha spend between 3 to 4 hours a day on social networks and generally do not use them to carry out inappropriate behaviors. In most cases, they also do not exchange messages or videos not suitable for their age; when this occurs, those involved are removed from their contact lists.
ANÁLISIS PALINOLÓGICO DE LOS RECURSOS FLORALES UTILIZADOS POR Apis mellifera L. (HYMENOPTERA:APIDAE) EN CUATRO MUNICIPIOS DEL ESTADO DE GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Authors: González-Sandoval Reynaldo , Catalán-Heverástico Cesario , Domínguez-Marquez Víctor Manuel , Luna-León Cándido , Hernández-Castro Elías , Damián-Nava Agustín , Cruz-Lagunas Blas , Palemón Francisco Alberto
Published: December 2023

The complex interactions that exist between plants and animals that visit its flowers have always attracted interest. A a better understanding of the relationship between bees and flowers may be obtained by palynological work based on the recognition of each morpholocal type of pollen in honey samples and the load of pollen collected by bees. Thus the present research work was carried out to recognize flora of beekeeping interest and feeding habits of Apis mellifera L. based on the melisopalinological analysis of honey collection in four municipalities in the state of Guerrero: Teloloapan, Arcelia, Pedro Asencio Alquisiras and General Canuto A. Neri. We identified 14 families, 40 genera and 46 plant species. Botanical families with a greater diversity of species were Asteraceae, Leguminosae and Convolvulaceae. A total of 35 samples were collected in seven apiaries: The Bridge, The Cedars, brushes, Pochote, Curve, Large and Alcholoa Amates. Honey was classified based on their botanical origin, two samples were monofloral: "Brushes” and “Alcholoa", the remaining were classified as multifloral. 
EVALUATION OF OXIDATIVE STRESS IN DAIRY GOATS LACTATING NATURALLY OR BY HORMONAL INDUCTION
Authors: García-Balcázar Rocio Teresa , Plata Rodríguez Miriam , Díaz-Cruz Antonio , Rodríguez-Hernández Karla , Hernández-Cerón Joel , Villa-Godoy Alejandro
Published: December 2023

The objective was to evaluate the oxidative stress (OS) and its association with performance and serum cortisol in dairy goats under induced (IL) and natural lactation (NL). Six goats programmed to be eliminated due to reproductive problems were IL as follows: a) days 1-7, estradiol plus progesterone; b) days 8-14, estradiol; c) days 18-20, flumetasone; d) every seven days bovine somatotropin; f) on day 21 milking began. Cortisol, antioxidant capacity and Glutathione Peroxidase activity (GHS-Px) were determined in serum. During the first two weeks in milk, NL goats had higher cortisol (P<0.05) and lower (P<0.0001) antioxidant capacity than NL goats (week1: NL= 3.5+1.2, IL= 14.4+1.1nM/ml; week2: NL= 9.7+0.8, IL= 34.4+0.7nM/ml) but groups did not differ in GHS-Px activity (P>0.05). Milk yield/day between groups (NL=2.54+0.2; IL= 2.12+0.2kg) and proportion of pregnant goats (NL=100%; IL=83.3%) were similar (P>0.05). The treatment was effective as inductor of lactation; besides most of the IL animals became pregnant despite their previous reproductive problems, prolonging their productive life with a natural lactation plus the additional benefit of at least one more kid. Because the antioxidant capacity increased and cortisol decreased in IL goats, apparently their welfare was more adequate than in NL animals.
DRY MATTER AND NUTRIENT INTAKE AND DIET COMPOSITION IN Leucaena leucocephala â€“ BASED INTENSIVE SILVOPASTORAL SYSTEMS
Authors: Cuartas Cardona Cesar Augusto , Naranjo Rami­rez Juan Fernando , Tarazona Morales Ariel Marcel , Correa Londoño Guillermo Antonio , Barahona Rosales Rolando
Published: December 2023

Knowledge of forage intake and grazing selectivity is vital to improve the use of feed resources by grazing animals. To estimate forage selectivity and intake by steers grazing in intensive silvopastoral systems (ISS) under tropical dry forest (bs-T) conditions. Intake was evaluated using the n-alkane technique in: 1) a Leucaena leucocephala (over 10000 shrubs/ha) and Megathyrsus maximus ISS system and, 2) a M. maximus monoculture system. Eight steers with an average weight of 248Â±23.1 kg live weight were evaluated. Animals grazing in the ISS system had greater dry matter intake (26.1 vs. 20.4 g kg-1 d-1 of BW, P = 0.044) and had greater intake (g d-1; P â‰¤ 0.02) of crude protein (954 vs. 499), calcium (62.1 vs. 36.2) and fat (94.2 vs. 69.6) than those grazing in the M. maximus monoculture system, respectively. Compared to conventional pastures, DMI of animals grazing in ISS increases, contributing to greater animal productivity.
LA VIDA SILVESTRE MANEJADA COMO RECURSOS DE USO COMÚN: ESTUDIO DE CASO EN MÉXICO
Authors: Juarez Mondragon Alejandra , Gonzalez-Rebeles Islas Carlos , Castillo Alicia , Garci­a Frapolli Eduardo , Ordoñez Di­az Mari­a de Jesus
Published: December 2023

White-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus mexicanus) use regulations were implemented by the ejido AjuchitlÃ¡n Santiopan, since 1997. In parallel, the ejidatarios registered a Management Unit for the Conservation of Wildlife (UMA), seeking its sustainable hunting. This involved a co-management between local and federal regulation. The knowledge on these types of processes is sparse in Mexico, and of the impact that they generate in the ejidos. The aim of this study was to understand (from the perception of the inhabitants) the relationship between the creation of the local institution and the establishment of the UMA, using the theoretical perspective of common pool resources (CPR). In-depth interviews, free listings, participant observation and documentary consultation were conducted. Of those interviewed, 46% felt that some federal laws affect traditions, and mentioned that 20% failed to comply with ejido rules. However, 78% said that is important to maintain the UMA, because: it creates temporary jobs; it increased deer abundance and it promoted a natural reintroduction of extinct species in the ejido. Everybody were agreed that main factor for wildlife conservation is the UMA. An essential issue to continue this process is the collective rethinking of achievement targets and monitoring strategies, given the current conditions.
Parthenium hysterophorus L: DISTRIBUTION, IMPACT, AND POSSIBLE MITIGATION MEASURES IN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Abdulkerim-Ute Jemal , Legesse Behailu
Published: December 2023

The issue of Parthenium hysterophorus weed is very important in Ethiopian agriculture. It is spreading rapidly in the highland and lowland areas since its introduction. Currently, most of the regions are invaded by the weed, even the capital city Addis Ababa. There are several factors favoring its rapid distribution in the environment. Its ability to adapt wide range of climatic condition, its allelopathic effect,  short life cycle, prolific nature and having large seed bank in the soil environment are among the principal factors. Parthenium has the capacity to decrease the composition and diversity of plant species and it has adverse effects on crop yield, as well as animal and human health. Despite its negative effects, the weed has potential uses such as preparing compost, botanical control of insect pests and bio-herbicide. On the other hand, mechanical control, chemical herbicides, phytochemicals, composting and biological control has been pointed out as an effective management ways and eradication of this weed. There is a need for ecologically balanced management of Parthenium weed aiming to enhance the quality of life for farmers and rural communities, especially in pastoral and agro-pastoral areas of Ethiopia. Hence, the objective of this review was to explore the distribution, harmful and beneficial effects as well as the possible controlling practices against P. hysterophorus. 
LEAF AREA DYNAMICS AND ABOVEGROUND BIOMASS OF SPECIFIC VEGETATION TYPES OF A SEMI-ARID GRASSLAND IN SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA
Authors: Kisambo Bosco Kidake , Pfister Jan , Schaffert Angela , Ash Folkard
Published: December 2023

Leaf Area Index (LAI) dynamics and aboveground biomass of a semi-arid grassland region in Southern Ethiopia were determined over a long rain season. The vegetation was categorized into four distinct vegetation types namely Grassland (G), Tree-Grassland (TG), Bushed-Grassland (BG) and Bush-Tree grassland (BT). LAI was measured using a Plant Canopy Analyzer (LAI2000). Biomass dynamics of litter and herbaceous components were determined through clipping while the above ground biomass of trees and shrubs were estimated using species-specific allometric equations from literature. LAI showed a seasonal increase over the season with the maximum recorded in the BG vegetation (2.52). Total aboveground biomass for the different vegetation types ranged from 0.61 ton C/ha in areas where trees were non-existent to 8.80 ± 3.81ton C/ha in the Tree-Grassland vegetation in the study site. A correlation of LAI and AGB yielded a positive relationship with an R2 value of 0.55. The results demonstrate the importance of tropical semi-arid grasslands as carbon sinks hence their potential in mitigation of climate change.
MODELO TEÓRICO PARA LA COMPRENSIÓN DE LA DINÁMICA SOCIOECOLÓGICA EN UNIDADES FAMILIARES AGROECOLÓGICAS
Authors: Neves Ana Paula , Río Osorio Leonardo Alberto
Published: December 2023

The objective of this research was to propose a theoretical model of agroecological process as a tool to understand the socio-ecological dynamics in family units. The study was conducted under the approach of complex systems for studies of socio-ecological systems through the use of mixed methods with theoretical and empirical bases, by following three phases: description of the phenomenon, construction of the system and validation of the model. To design the model three categories and 25 subcategories of analysis were proposed. The components involved in the phenomenon at local, regional and global levels were identified, which configure a history and spatial scale analysis in three procedural levels. Despite the need for construction of theoretical models from the specific context of each system, this model is a way of representing the phenomenon as a possible proposal to be extrapolated. At the end of the modeling it is possible to understand the structure and functioning of the system, allowing the analysis of future possibilities towards a greater socio-ecological sustainability.
Quantitative Determination of Four Lignans in Phyllanthus niruri L. by HPLC
Authors: Xin Jianzeng , Liu Sheng
Published: December 2023

A simple analytical method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet (UV) detection was developed for the simultaneous determination of four main lignans (niranthin, nirtetralin B, hypophyllanthin, and phyltetralin) in Phyllanthus niruri L. plant samples from Guangxi province, China. The aim was to validate the accumulation rule in the growth periodicity of the active lignans for anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV). The results indicated that the active lignans niranthin and nirtetralin B were mainly distributed in the leaves of Phyllantthus niruri L., and the highest total content was found in the end of July to August (full fruiting period). Therefore, the Phyllanthus niruri L. of Guangxi province (China) should be collected for antihepatitis B treatment on the full fruiting period (the end of July to August), and its leaves might be the main part for collection. The results of the study provided a strong support for the use of Phyllanthus niruri L. from Guangxi province, China.
Sosyal Medya Kullanan Bireylerin Metaverse Bilgi Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: DEMİR Yasemin
Published: December 2023

Çalışmada sosyal medya kullanan 18 yaş ve üstü bireylerin metaverse bilgi düzeylerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Böylece sosyal medya kullanıcılarının teknoloji kullanımı, dijitalleşme düzeyleri ve yaşam biçimlerine ilişkin eğilimlerin tespit edilmesi planlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle çalışmada metaverse alt boyutlarıyla demografik özellikler arasındaki ilişki düzeyleri de analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde, güvenilirlik analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, ANOVA ile yüzde ve frekans değerlerinden oluşan tanımlayıcı istatistiklerden yararlanılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda, kadınların erkeklere oranla metaverse bilgi düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu, teknoloji, dijitalleşme ve yaşam biçimi alt boyutları itibariyle metaverse terimini daha önce duyan bireylerin metaverse bilgi düzeylerinin duymayanlara göre daha yüksek olduğu bulguları elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, sosyal alt boyutu itibariyle metaverse terimini daha önce duyan ve duymayan katılımcıların metaverse bilgi düzeyleri itibariyle farklılık göstermediği belirlenmiştir.
Osmanlı Devletinde Kadınların Devlet Yönetimine Etkileri
Authors: İSLAMOĞLU Abdullah
Published: December 2023

Osmanlı Devleti’nde kadınlar, devlet yönetiminde etkili olmuştur. Bu durumun bazı etkenleri vardır. Birincisi, padişahların seferlere katılmamasıdır. İkinci etken haremin etkinlik kazanmasıdır. Diğer bir etken hanedan politikasında yaşanan değişimdir. Politik statü elde edebilmek için padişah kadınlarının şeh¬zade validesi olması gibi bir zorunluluk vardı. Diğer bir etken paranın önem kazanmasıdır. Mevkilerin yetkileri arttıkça fiyatları da yükselmiş ve bu makamlar oldukça büyük rüşvetlerle satılır hale gelmişti. Kadınların devlet yönetimine etkileri özellikle 16. yüzyılda ve devamında artarak devam etmiştir. Kadınlar; yolsuzluk, rüşvet, adanı kayırma, mevki satma, alma, mansıp temin etme, hısım ve akrabayı mansıba kayırma gibi faaliyetlerde bulunmuş ve devlet işlerini ellerine geçirmişlerdir. Bu kadın idaresi ve hükümranlığı döneminde nüfuzlu sa¬ray kadınları, bir mansıptan daha fazla rüşvet almak ve daha fazla para kazanabilmek için Sancakbeylerini, Kadıları, Valileri bir yerden bir yere, bir mevkiden diğer mevkiye kaydırmışlardır. Kadınlar arasındaki iktidar çatışması devletin kaderini doğrudan etkilemiştir. Özellikle üç haseki Osmanlı devlet yönetiminde oldukça etkili olmuştur: Kösem Sultan, Safiye Sultan ve Hürrem Sultan.
Checklist de aves do município Piranhas Velha, sertão paraibano
Authors: Medeiros Paulo Roberto , Pereira Gessica Bandeira
Published: December 2023

Estudos envolvendo aves no Brasil começaram com trabalhos que avaliaram a composição e a distribuição geográfica. Listas de espécies são importantes registros da composição biológica de uma área e contribuem para aspectos que incluem desde a taxonomia à conservação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo elaborar um inventário das espécies de aves que ocorrem em Piranhas Velha, PB, Brasil. O registro das espécies foi realizado durante 4 meses a partir de visitas feitas à área de estudo entre novembro de 2021 e fevereiro de 2022. Empregou-se o método de busca ativa na qual as espécies observadas durante as visitas foram identificadas visualmente ou fotografadas para posterior identificação em laboratório. De acordo com o local onde foram observadas, as espécies foram categorizadas em três habitats (urbano, semiurbano e rural) para se averiguar diferenças na composição entre ambientes com diferentes níveis de urbanização. Um total de 46 espécies foi encontrado, sendo Passeriformes, Columbiformes, Accipitriformes e Cuculiformes as ordens mais representativas. De todas as espécies registradas, 86,5% foram exclusivamente observadas na zona rural, demonstrando que áreas menos modificadas pelo homem abrigam um maior número de aves.
Untangling the Jurisdictional Web in Cyberspace
Authors: ABDELKARIM Yassin Abdalla
Published: December 2023

The ambiguous theme of cyberspace and its broad widespread inflict a major effect on the legal procedures of litigations. Since litigation might include several nationalities, because of the cosmopolitan nature of cyberspace, determining the competent court is not as direct as traditional litigations. Cyber litigations complicate this procedural threshold as the traditional application of jurisdiction determinants might not suit cyber disputes. Furthermore, jurisdiction conflicts in cyberspace frustrate settling the dispute as courts avoid giving their judgments due to invalidity. Therefore, these conflicts introduce a modern issue to private international law theorists. It is indisputable that drafting obvious jurisdictional rules enhances the rule of law in cyberspace. Thus, the research analyses this issue and establishes a comparison to determine the state of the art regarding it. The article reviews the relevant academic contributions and legislation to point out how they crystallize the aspects of the research question. Besides, it studies relevant case laws from the UK and US judiciaries to conclude the legal principle they adopt to settle these conflicts and to enhance the validity of their judgments. Eventually, it introduces a comprehensive theory on settling jurisdiction conflicts regarding cyber litigation, which enhances the rule of law in cyberspace. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by RITHA Publishing. This article is distributed under the terms of the license CC-BY 4.0., which permits any further distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Automated Formal Register Scoring of Student Narrative Essays Written in Portuguese
Authors: Silva Filho Moésio Wenceslau da , Nascimento André C. A. , Miranda Péricles , Rodrigues Luiz , Cordeiro Thiago , Isotani Seiji , Bittencourt Ig Ibert , Mello Rafael Ferreira
Published: December 2023

Automated essay scoring (AES) is the task of automatically assigning scores (i.e., grades) to written texts. Although AES has been widely studied in the literature (e.g., informational and argumentative essays), specific types of texts still need more attention. Narrative essays are characterized by texts describing personal experiences and stories, either real or fictional. In this work, we describe a study on scoring student essays written in Portuguese under the aspect of Formal Register, which evaluates aspects related to the use of Brazilian Portuguese formal grammar and proficiency. The dataset created in this study provides a rich corpus of narrative essays produced in the context of a motivational situation, with a diverse set of language proficiency levels annotated by two professional graders. Different machine learning algorithms were evaluated using a diverse set of handcrafted linguistic features, and their results were compared against manual scores by the two human annotators. The results of the proposed analysis demonstrated that the AES model proposed achieved an equivalent agreement to that of the two human annotators.
Suporte a Tomada de Decisão para o Plano Nacional da Educação: Uma abordagem de Learning Analytics analisando os dados do ENEM
Authors: Silva Ingrid L. A. da , Freitas Elyda L. S. X. , Alves Gabriel , Mello Rafael Ferreira
Published: December 2023

O Plano Nacional da Educação (PNE) estabelece um conjunto de metas educacionais que devem ser alcançadas dentro de sua vigência. A meta 3 deste plano está relacionada ao atendimento escolar da população de 15 a 17 anos. Por outro lado, o ENEM gera anualmente uma grande quantidade de dados socioeconômicos através de um questionário respondido pelos participantes no momento da inscrição. Estes dados fornecem informações valiosas para a tomada de decisão em escolas que atendem o ensino médio. Diante disto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a possibilidade de utilização dos dados do ENEM como fonte de auxílio na tomada de decisão referente à Meta 3 do PNE. Para isso, foi investigada a existência de uma relação entre o desempenho obtido no ENEM e o desempenho atual do município no alcance da Meta 3. Os resultados também apontam que os dados socioeconômicos do ENEM podem agregar informações que auxiliem os gestores na elaboração de estratégias para alcançar as metas do PNE.
Quais são as qualidades docentes mais importantes no ensino de informática para mulheres?
Authors: Barreto Yaritza , Urquiza Marcelle A. , Henklain Marcelo H. O. , Almada Natália R. de , Leal Shelly da C. , Silva Hellen F. da , Lima Giovana O. M. de , Silva Sarah E. do V. da , Almeida Cleillyson O. S. D. de , Alves Guilherme L. da S.
Published: December 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar quais são as qualidades mais importantes de um professor excelente no ensino de informática para mulheres. Participaram 62 mulheres, com idade média de 21,99 (DP = 8,65); 62,90% se identificaram como pardas ou pretas, 54,84% como classe média e 58,06% encontravam-se na educação básica. Verificamos que as mulheres privilegiaram comportamentos pedagógicos do professor em detrimento daqueles relacionais, tendo como principal destaque as qualidades de criação de um ambiente pedagógico organizado, seguro, produtivo e aberto à diversidade de pensamentos.
Learning Analytics para Moodle em uma arquitetura na nuvem: uma solução escalável para predição de risco acadêmico
Authors: Cechinel Cristian , Queiroga Emanuel Marques , Primo Tiago Thompsen , Ramos Vinicius Faria Culmant , Muñoz Roberto , Machado Matheus , Stein Mayara , Rocha Juary , Rodrigues Thomas Michels , Santos Henrique Lemos dos , Portelinha Giovani Maia , Targino Rafael , Melgarejo Valter , Almeida Juliano
Published: December 2023

Este trabalho discute a implementação e aprimoramento de uma solução de Learning Analytics destinada à identificação de padrões de comportamento de estudantes em Ambientes Virtuais de Aprendizagem (AVA) e à criação de modelos preditivos para evasão e reprovação. A estratégia proposta engloba a instalação de um plugin no servidor Moodle da instituição, responsável pela coleta de informações relativas às interações dos estudantes no AVA. Estes dados são posteriormente processados em uma plataforma na nuvem e apresentados aos usuários através de um dashboard interativo. O principal objetivo desta solução é fornecer insights valiosos a educadores e administradores, possibilitando a detecção precoce de tendências de evasão ou reprovação e a tomada de medidas proativas para aprimorar os desempenhos acadêmicos.
Recomendações para grupos que fomentam o Pensamento Computacional
Authors: Garcia Silvia Roberta de Jesus , Borges Marcos Augusto Francisco
Published: December 2023

Na sociedade atual, a computação tornou-se ubíqua e sua integração na abordagem educacional é de suma importância. O objetivo deste projeto foi identificar as melhores práticas para fornecer um conjunto de recomendações para grupos e sites de referência sobre Pensamento Computacional, com o intuito de ampliar as oportunidades educacionais. Essas recomendações propõem soluções, métodos e práticas relacionadas ao Pensamento Computacional para a formação de professores, jovens e crianças. As recomendações foram aplicadas em um estudo de caso no Projeto Aprendizado, Criatividade e Tecnologia (ACT), cujo propósito é disseminar o Pensamento Computacional no Brasil. A aplicação das recomendações no estudo de caso foi avaliada por professores e profissionais da educação, os quais indicaram que as recomendações propostas neste estudo podem ser úteis para grupos e projetos que visam disseminar o Pensamento Computacional na educação.
Acquired Aortic Valve Diseases (Current Status of the Problem)
Authors: Khamidulla Amanullaevich Abdumadjidov , Shukhrat Tukhtaevich Urakov
Published: December 2023

Acquired heart disease – the concept of “acquired heart disease” includes a variety of pathological conditions acquired during the life of the patient. The lion’s share of these diseases are acquired heart defects. The significance of this problem is special for our region, since the incidence of rheumatic diseases and its complications in our Republic is still significant. However, in recent decades, statistical data on acquired defects, especially on aortic heart defects, have changed markedly. Thus, the prevalence of aortic heart disease among the elderly and senile is about 10.7%, significantly increasing for sclerotic lesions of the aortic valve – up to 25–48%. According to Euro Heart Survey on valvular heart disease, damage to the aortic valve was detected in 44.3% of patients with valvular heart disease (33.9% – aortic stenosis, 10.4% – aortic valve insufficiency. At the same time, aortic stenosis in 81.9% and insufficiency – in 50 .3% of patients were of degenerative origin. According to the statistics of our Republic, more than 400 patients with rheumatism per 100 thousand of the population are detected per year, of which, after an appropriate examination, in terms of the population of our Republic, more than 16,000 require surgical correction of acquired heart disease, which confirms the importance of discussing the problem for our healthcare.
Flexible Pedagogies during the Educational Disruption in Bicol, Philippines: Developing Practice-Informed Framework
Authors: Rosario O. Bercasio Rebecca
Published: December 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has tremendously changed the educational landscape worldwide. Education has drastically shifted from face-to-face instructional delivery to flexible learning modalities. At the center of this shift in the modalities are the teachers. This chapter analyzed the teachers’ experiences in implementing flexible pedagogies in Bicol, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021 using the SWOT analysis design, and they proposed a framework that explains the implementation of flexible pedagogies in a disruptive situation. Teachers’ experiences reveal flexible schedules and availability of different platforms as among the strengths, and poor internet and lack of teacher support as weaknesses. Learning new technologies for pedagogical purposes and participating in community of practice for sharing resources are noted as opportunities. Leakage of tests and unavailability of experts to critique and validate lessons and materials before actual use, are among the threats. The proposed practice-informed framework for flexible pedagogies covers six factors that are character, context, content, condition, competence, and collaboration. All these factors relate closely to the use of innovative technologies to continue the delivery of learning amidst educational disruption. This proposed framework can serve as a guide in improving the implementation of flexible pedagogies.
Transformation through Metacognition
Authors: Ayaz Nida , Naeem Butt Muhammad , Jawerya Ayaz Sayyeda
Published: December 2023

Metacognition is result-oriented process that refreshes and involves cognitive processes. Metacognition is a process, which involves fruitful knowledge not only about different processes of cognition but also how to use and regulate these processes for result-oriented outcomes; especially, in the processes of learning. This chapter highlights transformation and motivation through awareness and application of metacognition. This chapter introduces metacognition, the value of metacognitive awareness, and how it can be used to improve students’ learning and their academic performance. It further opens the doors for the study of the elements of metacognition; moreover, it focuses on the effects of metacognition on learning. This chapter recommends awareness and the use of metacognition in education as it enables the learners to think big. In order to meet the student’s needs for metacognitive support in learning, this chapter also recommends an interdisciplinary course on educational psychology at different levels of education. In addition, research studies on metacognition, its awareness, and its effects especially in the context of developing countries are recommended.
Quality in Higher Education: Navigating the Academic Business Nexus
Authors: Twomey Terry
Published: December 2023

Universities are powerhouses of knowledge and innovation where staff are hailed as their greatest assets. Engaging the commitment and innovation of staff is a stated aim of higher education management. However, universities are increasingly challenged by the need to serve many masters, and in particular, to bridge the academic and business culture aspects of the organization. Tensions emerge between the perceptions of staff role groups, the goals of academic endeavor and the business needs of the organization. Organizational and cultural ambiguity can hinder rather than enhance academic quality. This chapter explores the Academic Business nexus, the resulting perceptions and tensions between “tribes and territories” in a higher education institution. The chapter provides insights into orientations towards quality assurance in higher education, with examples from different countries and how they are navigating the Academic Business nexus. The chapter explores the question of the importance of organization culture, values and attitudes as drivers of quality in higher education. Cognizant of the diversity of university profiles, organization structures and culture, the chapter explores changing staff and management views on university quality. The chapter moves beyond the existing focus on management, professional and academic tribes, to address the changing models of universities that bridge the Academic Business nexus and cultivate quality through different approaches.
An Overview of Ripening Processes
Authors: Alina Marc Romina , Carmen Mureșan Crina , Pop Anamaria , Smaranda Marțiș Georgiana , Elena Mureșan Andruța , Narcisa Postolache Alina , Stoica Florina , Cristina Crivei Ioana , Veleșcu Ionuț-Dumitru , Nicoleta Rațu Roxana
Published: December 2023

The chapter aims to address an overview of the new discoveries regarding the methods of ripening processes. The chapter presents the latest methods used in fruit and vegetable ripening processes, ripening processes in the food industry, enzymatic ripening processes, and artificial ripening processes. Nowadays everyone wants all kinds of food to be available in every season. Naturally, we find fruits and vegetables in their ripening season, but in order to provide the population with fruit out of season, we import them from different countries, which are not harvested at full maturity, and different adjuvant ripening methods are used. Processed foods are also subjected to ripening processes, the most used being cheese and meat products. These foods are some of the most valued foods nowadays, they are considered luxury products with superior nutritional and taste properties. To achieve these ripening processes, enzymatic processes or artificial ripening are also involved. The purpose of using these processes is to provide consumers with fresh out-of-season food or food with a high degree of sensory and nutritional properties, and at the same time with a superior degree of quality and safety, because the safety of the consumer comes first.
ANALISIS RISIKO PEMBIAYAAN MUSYARAKAH LEMBAGA KEUANGAN SYARIAH
Authors: Ramand Bella , Romita Romita , Anggraini Supiya
Published: December 2023

Dalam setiap pembiayaan pasti ada risiko yang timbul sebagai akibat kegagalan pihak memenuhi kewajibannya. Pada bank umum, pembiayaan disebut pinjaman, sementara di bank syariah disebut pem-biayaan, sedangkan untuk balas jasa yang diberikan atau diterima pada bank umum berupa bunga (interest loan atau deposit) dalam persentase yang sudah ditentukan sebelum-nya. Padabank syariah, tingkat balas jasa terukur oleh sistem bagi hasil dari usaha. Selain itu, persyaratan pengajuan kredit pada perbankan syariah lebih ketat dari perbankan konven-sional sehingga risiko kredit dari perbankan syariah lebih kecil dari perbankan konvensional. maka dapat dikatakan bahwa risiko pembiayaan musyarakah pada lembaga keuangan syariah adalah suatu yang normal mengingat bahwa di setiap bisnis apa pun dan dimanapun potensi risiko pasti ada. Walau demikian, terjadinya risiko yang tentu dapat menghadang dapatdihadapi dengan berbagai cara. Misalnya, risiko itu langsung dihadapi dengan cara mempersiapkan diri dengan mempersiapkan kemungkinan-kemungkinan yang terjadi, atau dengan cara mentransfer sebagian tanggungan melalui lembaga asuransi. Hal yang sama dapat ditemui pada risiko pembiayaan musyarakah pada lembaga keuangan syariah. Dimana risiko pembiayaan musyarakah, baik yang berupa wanprestasi, risiko likuiditas, risiko pasar, risiko operasional atau pun lainnya memang akan berdampak pada besar kecilnya kerugian yang akan didapat. Karena itu, pengelolaan atas risiko tersebut menjadipenting. Demikian pula pengendalian risiko pembiayaan musyarakat terhadap risiko kredit dan risiko operasilan pada lembaga keuangan syariah harus menjadi perhatian bagi para pengelola lembaga keuangan tersebut.