bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interrupción de la conexión del puente tronco-encefálico con soluciones de bajo costo como método de eutanasia de roedores
Authors: Alvarez C. M. , Ron R. R.
Published: April 2021

Se conoce que el puente tronco-encefálico es el conector entre el encéfalo y el cuerpo. Debido a ello, un traumatismo craneoencefálico cercano a la segunda porción del mismo, podría causar la interrupción de las conexiones neurológicas provocando hemiplejias alternadas o cruzadas, parálisis e insensibilidad. Al determinar esta interrupción en la comunicación, los órganos vitales se verían comprometidos en su función, provocando que el paciente sufra paro cardio-respiratorio y muerte. En el presente estudio se manipularon ratones de bioterio (Mus musculus) en un estudio que comprendió tres grupos; el primero fue la aplicación de lidocaína, el segundo agua destilada y el tercero fue un grupo testigo al cual se le realizó una punción simple sin la administración de ningún compuesto. Antes del procedimiento, los grupos 1 y 2 se colocaron en una cámara de sevuflorano para la sedación y posterior pesaje. Manualmente se palparon los cóndilos occipitales con los dedos anular e índice de la mano no dominante. La aplicación de la sustancia se efectuó con la mano dominante, corroborando que se estaba inoculando en la zona correcta. En el estudio, los roedores del primer grupo sufrieron una interrupción neurológica que les provocó un paro cardio-respiratorio (3 a 5 minutos post aplicación); en el segundo grupo sucedió lo mismo entre los 5 a 10 minutos posteriores; y en el tercer grupo no ocurrieron secuelas evidentes inmediatas.
Susceptibilidad de los búfalos de agua frente a diferentes enfermedades infecciosas
Authors: Grazziotto N. M. , Maidana S. S. , Romera S. A.
Published: April 2021

En Argentina, los búfalos de agua representan una alternativa económica importante en la cría de ganado. Tales animales se emplean mayormente en la producción de carne y leche. La especie se encuentra estrechamente relacionada al ganado bovino, existiendo en la actualidad una amplia cantidad de campos de producción mixta búfalo-bovino en nuestro país. Se ha demostrado que el ganado bubalino, a pesar de su resistencia a las enfermedades, es susceptible a gran parte de los virus que afectan al rodeo bovino. El objetivo de esta revisión es relevar la importancia del rol del búfalo en el mundo en general y en Argentina en particular, así como destacar la susceptibilidad del ganado bubalino a diferentes enfermedades infecciosas, particularmente virales, enfatizando su rol como reservorio de gérmenes patógenos de otras especies.
RESEARCH OF MELT PROCESSING IMPACT WITH ELECTROMAGNETIC PULSES UPON SILUMIN WEAR-RESISTANCE
Authors: Dorofeev Stanislav , Voynov Aleksandr , Goncharov Aleksey , Slavinskaya Nadezhda , Doroshenko Kirill
Published: April 2021

To improve functional properties of pre-eutectic silumins there are used many different methods having a complex effect upon processes of structure formation and physical-mechanical properties of alloys. In this paper there is offered a method for alloy operation characteristics increase by the example of wear-resistance by the impact of nanosecond electro-magnetic pulses (NEMP) upon silumin melt AK7ch (AL9). Melt illumination was carried out with the generator (NEMP) (GNI-01-1-6) submersible rod radiator. The melt was overheated to 900ºC and processed with NEMP with the length up to 25 min after that it was cooled at a rate of 20ºC/min. Slow cooling contributed to the formation of a structure close to equilibrium. Cylindrical ingots with a diameter of 0.06 m (60mm) and a height of 0.06 m (60 mm) were obtained. Wear-resistance was defined on a cross cut of ingots according to GOST 23.208-79. As a standard of comparison were used non-irradiated samples of silumin. It is defined that melt NEMP processing changes considerably parameters of crystallization, structure formation and increases silumin properties. At abrasive wear, silumin wear-resistance changes from the duration of melt electro-pulse processing according to an extreme dependence with the evident maximum at melt irradiation in the course of 15 min. At that in the edge area of the ingot wear-resistance increases by 1.54 times, and in the central one – by 1.34 times. This effect is explained by the fact that during melt NEMP processing during 15 min the characteristics of alloy micro-structure change considerably: morphology and dimensions of structural constituents. At that there is formed a qualitatively new fine structure of a non-dendritic type which ensures maximum values of alloy wear-resistance. The data obtained allow developing technology of wear-resistant silumin fusion intended for operation under abrasive wear conditions.
DETERMINATION OF THE CONTENT OF HAFNIUM AND OXIDE HAFNIUM (IV) IN THE AIR OF THE WORK AREA
Authors: Palval I.N. , Martynova A.Yu.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the problem and the need to establish a hygienic standard for the mass concentration of hafnium and hafnium (IV) oxide in the air of the working area. It has been shown that in accordance with the requirements of the legislation of Ukraine, in order to obtain the permit for the production of products, substances that cause the hazard of an environment must be entered in the state register of hazardous factors. If such a standard for the air of the working area is absent, the permanent registration is impossible. Materials for the development of such a standard must necessarily include a measurement method for control of the content of the hazardous substance in the air of the working area, which provides a measurement in the range from ½ of the maximum permissible concentrations in the air of the working area (MPCw.a). MPCw.a for hafnium and hafnium (IV) oxide have not been determinated. The article is also devoted to the development of a technique for measuring of the mass concentration of hafnium and hafnium (IV) oxide in the air of the working area. The most widely known and used in the analytical chemistry the photometric method, which is characterized by high sensitivity, accuracy, and availability, was chosen as the basic one. The hydrofluoric acid was used to ensure complete and faster dissolution of hafnium and hafnium (IV) oxide. The effect of zirconium was taken into account by comparing the absorption of the complex with xylenol orange of an aliquot of hafnium sulfate solution with respect to the other part, to which Trilon B was added for masking of the hafnium ions. When developing and validating of the technique, the requirements has been observed of DSTU EN 482:2016 (EN 482:2012 + al:2015, IDT) "Work area air. General requirements for the characteristics of methods for measuring ща the content of chemicals" and the Law of Ukraine "On Metrology and Metrological Activity", entered into force on January 01, 2016. The methodology has passed scientific and methodological expertise in the State Enterprise "Committee on Hygienic Regulation".
PROBLEMS OF OPERATION OF GAS PURIFICATION PLANTS CONTAINING ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Authors: Atamanyuk A.A.
Published: April 2021

The article analyzes the current state and perspectives of the modernization of existing plants for the purification of the technological gases from organic impurities. It has been shown that the main technical solution for organizing such purification since the 90s is the installation of thermocatalytic equipment. According to the design documentation, the efficiency of purification from organic compounds has to be about 90 %. Such plants are still in operation, but they are ineffective because of a number of reasons. With the involvement of qualified specialists from the Research Institute of the SE "UkrNTTS "Energostal", an assessment was made of the current state of the operating gas purification plants, in particular, the thermocatalytic gas purification units (GPU) from organic impurities at a number of coke-chemical plants. The survey was accompanied by technical consultations in order to bring the operation of the existing units to the design parameters. Assessment of the current state of the facilities showed that they do not operate in design regimes and that bringing them to design indicators will require significant capital expenditures. A detailed analysis of this problems shows that under the current conditions it is practically impossible to ensure the trouble-free operation of such a plants. Recommendations have been formulated for the alternative processes for sanitary cleaning of gases from organic compounds by gases gathering in global collector and involvement in industry recycling, based on examples of foreign and domestic analogues (including implemented on PJSC "ArcelorMittal Kryvyi Rih"). The issues have been touched upon the application of the domestic experience of implementation of more advanced thermocatalytic gas purification units. As an example of the operation of such a plant, a gas purification system with a capacity of 1300 m3 /h from a pitch granulation plant implemented at PJSC “ZAPOROZHKOKS” has been given.
An application experience of a specialized product based on 100% medium-chain triglyceride oil in diet therapy of a child with long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
Authors: Roslavtseva E. A. , Bushueva T. V. , Borovik T. E. , Kulebina E. A. , Surkov A. N. , Potapov A. S. , Savostianov K. V. , Pushkov A. A.
Published: April 2021

Long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) is a hereditary disease referred to the group of disorders of mitochondrial β-oxidation of fatty acids with autosomal recessive inheritance. The main symptoms include hypoglycemia, hepatic steatosis, cardiomyopathy, cardiac arrhythmias, progressive muscle hypotension. We present a case of successful diagnosis and treatment of a long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (LCHAD) with the use of 100% medium chain triglycerides’ oil product. The importance of the possibly earliest verification of the diagnosis and initiation of diet therapy using medium-chain triglyceride oils is emphasized, which allows to reduce the disease manifestations and determines the need to include diseases of mitochondrial fatty acids β-oxidation into the neonatal screening program.
The need for individual selection of probiotics containing lactobacilli and enterococci to increase the effectiveness of therapy for campylobacteriosis
Authors: Ermolenko K. D. , Boldyreva N. P. , Martens E. A. , Zhelezova L. I. , Sidorenko S. V. , Suvorov A. N. , Ermolenko E. I.
Published: April 2021

The article highlights the problem of improving the rational treatment of campylobacteriosis. Probiotics are present in treatment regimens along with antibiotics, which have the advantage that they do not violate intestinal microbiocenosis and provide the ability to correct dysbiotic conditions. As well as antimicrobial agents, probiotics have different effects on the growth of pathogenic microorganisms. Campylobacter spp. probiotics in the in vitro system. The article studies the anticampylobacter activity of probiotic cultures of Enterococcus faecium L3, Lactobacillus plantarum 8 R-A3, a mixture of Lactobacillus acidophilus and Saccharomyces boulardii by two-layer agar and droplet method. Analysis of the antagonistic activity of chemically synthesized bacteriocins. The high sensitivity of Campylobacter spp was presented. to probiotics having lactobacilli and enterococci, as well as their metabolites (including bacteriocins). The strain-specific activity of probiotics and its dependence on their ability to produce bacteriocins were found. The results and data of other researchers indicate the need for individual selection of probiotics for the treatment of campylobacteriosis, the feasibility of analyzing the bacteriocinogenicity of the strains and testing their effect on the growth of clinical isolates.
Association of BRCA1 (G22231T, T25025A, C28300A) polymorphisms with subclinical mastitis and milk yields in Holstein Cattle
Authors: Daldaban Fadime , Arslan Korhan , Akçay Aytaç , Sohel Md Mahmodul Hasan , Akyüz Bilal
Published: April 2021

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the relationship between three SNP on the BRCA1 gene and subclinical mastitis, as well as milk yields during four lactation periods in Holstein breed cattle. The animal material of the study consisted of 151 Holstein cows reared under the same care and feeding conditions. Complete DNA was isolated from blood samples by using phenol: chloroform: isoamyl alcohol method. Genotyping of G22231T, T25025A and C28300A SNPs on the BRCA1 was done by the PCR-RFLP method. Subclinical mastitis of animals was determined in milk samples by California Mastitis Test (CMT). In the study, CMT data, four lactation periods’ milk yields, and proportional distributions of SNP genotypes were calculated. Statistical significance of the data was determined by the Pearson chi-square test. The relationship between C28300A SNP, which was monomorphic, and subclinical mastitis has not been analyzed. In the samples examined, the difference between the proportional distribution of SNP genotypes of G22231T and T25025A in subclinical mastitis and healthy groups was not found statistically significant (P>0.05). As a result of the Chi-square (χ2) analysis conducted, it was observed that the Holstein cattle were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in terms of G22231T and T25025A SNPs. Considering the physiological processes in which the BRCA1 gene is involved, it was thought that these genes and SNPs should be evaluated with more samples in studies on resistance to mastitis.
Kedi ve Köpeklerde Koksofemoral Eklem Çıkıklarının Tedavisinde Modifiye Toggle Pin Tekniğinin Retrospektif Olarak Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Yurtal Ziya , Deveci Mehmet Zeki Yılmaz , Altug Muhammed Enes , Alakuş İbrahim , Alakuş Halil , İşler Cafer Tayer
Published: April 2021

Bu klinik retrospektif çalışmada, koksofemoral çıkık şekillenen kedi ve köpeklerde modifiye toggle pin tekniğinin kullanımı ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Çalışma materyalini 13 kedi, 20 köpek olmak üzere toplam 33 vaka oluşturdu. Kedilerin ağırlık ortalaması 3.2 kg, köpeklerin ağırlık ortalaması 18.0 kg idi. Koksofemoral çıkığın tespiti için radyografik ve klinik muayeneler yapıldı. Asetabular stabilizasyon için modifiye toggle aparatı olarak kirschner telinden hazırlanan farklı ebatlarda modifiye toggle pinler kullanıldı. Monofilament sütür materyali olarak balıkçı misinası kullanıldı. Lateral stabilizasyon için trochanter mayore açılan transvers delik, kirschner telinden hazırlanan pin ve rondela kullanımı olmak üzere 3 farklı uygulama yapıldı. Kullanılan teknikten bağımsız olarak, 13 kedinin 12’sinde herhangi bir komplikasyon şekillenmedi ve sonuç %92 başarı ile mükemmel olarak kaydedildi. Bir vakada ise yeniden travmaya maruz kalması sonucu reluksasyon şekillendi (%8). Köpeklerde 10 vakada herhangi bir komplikasyon şekillenmedi (%50), 2 vakada yeniden travmaya maruz kalması sonucu reluksasyon şekillendi (%10), 8 vakada ise subluksasyon görüldü (%40). Subluksasyon şekillenme nedeni operasyon öncesi kalça ekleminde başka patolojilerin varlığına bağlandı. Sonuç olarak; koksofemoral çıkıklarda kedilerde modifiye toggle pin tekniği başarılı bir şekilde kullanılırken, köpeklerde bu başarının kedilere nazaran daha düşük olduğu görüldü. Uygulanan tekniğe bakılmaksızın, köpeklerin kedilerden hacim ve ağırlık olarak daha büyük olması başarı oranını azaltmıştır. Operasyon yapılacak vakaların doğru seçilmesinin sonuca önemli derece etki edebileceği ortaya konmuştur.
Surgical Management of Abortion in a Rat
Authors: Kurt Serdal , Salar Seçkin
Published: April 2021

The gestation period of rats is on average 21 to 23 days. Conceptus can be detected by ultrasonography after the 8‐9th days of the pregnancy. The total number of fetuses per pregnancy is 1 to 20. In some cases, abortion occurs depending on many etiological factors, and it is the most common complication of pregnancy. The subject of the present case report was the surgical management of spontaneous abortion using inhalation anesthesia in a rat. The material of the case report was a female albino 2‐year‐ old rat weighing about 450 gr. The rat was admitted with vaginal bleeding and abortion in to the clinic. In anamnesis, it was reported that a pup was stillborn about three hours ago and then no other pup was delivered. Furthermore, it was informed that there was ongoing vaginal bleeding since the last 4‐5 hours. Upon physical examination and ultrasonography, the case was diagnosed as abortion. It was decided to intervene with the abortion by surgery. The rat was premedicated subcutaneously with atropine sulphate and general anesthesia was induced with isoflurane through inhalation. Then, celiotomy was performed at cauda umbilicus. In total, 13 non viable fetuses were removed from both uterine horns. Incision wounds were sutured and the rat was evenly awakened from anesthesia and discharged. In conclusion, surgical management of the abortion case using inhalation anesthesia was successfully performed on the rat.
Tân Thủ tướng Phạm Minh Chính và những dấu ấn
Authors: Si H.L. Cu
Published: April 2021

Sau Đại hội Đảng toàn quốc lần thứ XIII, nhiều vị trí lãnh đạo chủ chốt đã và đang được kiện toàn. Trong suốt hơn một tuần qua, Quốc hội đã tiến hành quy trình nhân sự để hoàn thành công việc quan trọng là miễn nhiệm và bầu mới các vị trí lãnh đạo của Đảng và Nhà nước. Trong các gương mặt được lựa chọn có PGS.TS Phạm Minh Chính - Ủy viên Bộ Chính trị, Trưởng Ban Tổ chức Trung ương được Quóc hội tín nhiệm bầu giữ chức vụ Thủ tướng Chính phủ. Ông Phạm Minh Chính năm nay 63 tuổi, quê quán huyện Hậu Lộc, Thanh Hóa. Ông có bằng kỹ sư xây dựng, bằng Tiến sĩ luật và được phong học vị Phó Giáo sư chuyên ngành Luật.
HISTORY OF ISLAMIC EDUCATION, THE AGE OF PROGRESS
Authors: Makbul M
Published: April 2021

History is a fact of past events that are not beautiful to be forgotten. On the other hand, history is very important to know for the current people, because history contains facts about events experienced by previous people, the events of which hold so many lessons that can be used as learning for today's people, so that a better life is created today. and in the future. It is the same as the history of Islamic education, it is very important to know, especially for prospective Islamic education personnel. Knowledge of the history of Islamic education, of course, can be the basis for prospective educational staff in an effort to build a more advanced Islamic education in the future. History records that the journey of Islamic education had progressed so rapidly, it was far behind Western education. However, then it experienced a setback, and it is inversely proportional to Western education which continues to soar far ahead leaving Islamic education until now. Therefore it is important for prospective educational staff to revisit the glorious history of Islamic education or what is called the era of advancement in Islamic education. Prospective educational staff, need to find and understand things that advance Islamic education in the age of progress, as an effort to build Islamic education in the future. Based on the explanation above, this paper intends to describe the history of Islamic education in the period of progress, in an effort to add to the repertoire of Islam, especially in the field of Islamic education.
Possible clustering and/or drug switching confounding obscures up to 56% reduction of symptom persistence by ivermectin. Data Summary for comment posted to JAMA re: Lopez-Medina et al.
Authors: Wiseman David M , Kory Pierre
Published: April 2021

This is a summary of our analysis of the dataset obtained from the study by López-Medina et al. (Effect of Ivermectin on Time to Resolution of Symptoms Among Adults With Mild COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial, JAMA, 2021) supporting our comment posted to the JAMA web site: "Possible clustering and/or drug switching confounding obscures up to 56% reduction of symptom persistence by ivermectin."
An Optoelectronics-Based Sensor For Measuring Multi-Axial Shear Stresses
Authors: McGeehan Michael
Published: April 2021

Tactile shear force sensors are increasingly popular for medical applications especially for orthopedic rehabilitation such as measuring interfacial shear stresses between a residual limb and prosthetic socket to manage socket fit and residual limb tissue health, or measuring shearing between a foot sole and shoe for assessing performance in athletes. However, there are considerable challenges in implementing shear force sensors for orthopedic applications due to the requirements for noninvasiveness, light weight, low power, and robustness against motion artifacts, normal force, or electromagnetic fields. To address these challenges, this paper describes the design, fabrication, and characterization of a simple, low-cost, optoelectronic sensor that can measure multi-axial shear stresses. The sensor is based on a red, green, and blue (RGB) light-emitting diode (LED) cycling among red, green, and blue lights onto a color pattern surface. As shear strain causes a displacement between the LED and the color pattern, the relative intensities of reflected lights among the different colors change. A photodiode is used to capture the reflected light intensity at each color illumination, allowing the determination of the color pattern surface displacement, and in turn the shear, along two axes. In this paper, the efficacy of the sensor under benchtop testing conditions is reported, confirming the potential of this technology for shear monitoring at orthopedic devices such as protheses or shoes. Future efforts will focus on miniaturization and packaging of the sensors, and characterizing their performance for more medical and other types of applications.
Elite Party Cues Increase Vaccination Intentions among Republicans
Authors: Pink Sophia Lerner , Chu James , Druckman James , Rand David Gertler , Willer Robb
Published: April 2021

Overcoming the COVID-19 pandemic requires motivating the vast majority of Americans to get vaccinated. However, vaccination rates have become politically polarized, and a substantial proportion of Republicans have remained vaccine-hesitant for months. Here, we explore how endorsements by party elites affect Republicans’ COVID-19 vaccine intentions and attitudes. In a pre-registered survey experiment (N = 1,480), we varied whether self-identified Republicans saw endorsements of the vaccine from prominent Republicans (including video of a speech by former President Donald Trump), from the Democratic party (including video of a speech by President Joseph Biden), or a neutral control condition including no endorsements. Unvaccinated Republicans who were exposed to the Republican elite endorsement reported 7.0% higher vaccination intentions than those who viewed the Democratic elite endorsement and 5.7% higher than those in the neutral control condition. These effects were statistically mediated by participants’ reports of how much they thought Republican politicians would want them to get vaccinated. We also found evidence of backlash effects against Democratic elites: Republicans who viewed the Democratic elite endorsement reported they would be significantly less likely to encourage others to vaccinate and had more negative attitudes towards the vaccine, compared with those who viewed the Republican elite endorsement or the neutral control. These results demonstrate the relative advantage of cues from Republican elites - and the risks of messaging from Democrats currently in power - for promoting vaccination among the largest vaccine-hesitant subgroup in the U.S.
A latent profile analysis of math anxiety and core beliefs towards mathematics among children
Authors: Orbach Lars , Fritz Annemarie
Published: April 2021

Recent findings on the negative impacts of math anxiety (MA) in children raised outstanding issues for educational and clinical research, regarding effective intervention programs. One basic approach to develop intervention programs in field of cognitive behavioral therapy is to gain an in-depth understanding of the cognitive beliefs (CB) of children with a specific mental problem. By applying latent profile analysis (LPA), the present study aimed at identifying different patterns of MA and to provide more insights into its cognitive phenomenology. For this purpose, trait-MA, state-MA, attitudes towards math, academic self-concepts (math, language, general), fixed/growth mindsets, executive functions and math performance of 475 fourth and fifth graders (48.2% girls) were assessed. LPA indicated seven distinct profiles characterized by different dimensions and patterns of state-MA, trait-MA and core beliefs towards math. Furthermore, the profiles showed clear different math performances. The weakest performances were found for a profile with highest state-MA, high trait-MA and negative CB towards math and a profile with average state-MA, high trait-MA and negative CB towards math, whereas the highest achieving profile had no state-MA, high trait-MA and very positive CB towards math. The findings underline the complexity of MA and emphasize the necessity to develop interventions with careful consideration of the heterogeneous patterns.
Adopted utility calculus: Origins of a concept of social affiliation
Authors: Powell Lindsey J
Published: April 2021

To successfully navigate their social world, humans need to understand and map enduring relationships between people: we need a concept of social affiliation. Here I propose that our initial concept of social affiliation, available to human infants, is based on the extent to which one individual consistently takes on the goals and needs of another. This proposal grounds affiliation in intuitive psychology, as formalized in the naive utility calculus model. A concept of affiliation based on interpersonal utility adoption can account for findings from studies of infants’ reasoning about imitation, similarity, helpful and fair individuals, “ritual” behaviors, and social groups, without the need for additional innate mechanisms such as a coalitional psychology, moral sense, or general preference for similar others. I identify further tests of this proposal, and also discuss how it is likely to be relevant to social reasoning and learning across the lifespan.
The TikTok Self: Music, Signaling, and Identity on Social Media
Authors: Sachs Jeffrey , Wise Rahshemah , Karell Daniel
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted many social worlds from in-person interaction to online activity. As a result, people increasingly have the freedom to choose more agreeable everyday environments. While such freedom has often been associated with negative outcomes – namely, the emergence of “echo-chambers” that corral insensitivity – this data visualization suggests a positive outcome: “flowering-chambers”, where the freedom has enabled expressions of a truer self. Drawing on an original dataset of TikTok videos, the visualization charts a considerable increase in the number of “coming out” gender identity and sexual orientation videos during the latter three quarters of 2020. These results suggests that many TikTok users have publicly revealed private aspects of their identities, which we attribute to individuals becoming increasingly embedded in agreeable online spaces while quarantining or socially distancing. The visualization additionally introduces a publicly available dataset of 4.8 million TikToks to facilitate future research using data from the platform.
Determinants of Selective Solidarity Across Borders
Authors: Afonso Alexandre , Negash Samir Mustafa
Published: April 2021

Abstract. This paper analyses how the characteristics of the recipient country shapes individual support for financial help across borders. Existing literature has shown that individuals are more likely to show solidarity with their co-nationals than for individuals in other countries. However, people might show different levels of solidarity towards different foreign countries depending on their geographical or cultural proximity, their economic conditions or political ties. We make use of a survey experiment asking respondents in 14 European countries whether they think their country should provide financial help to 35 foreign countries in the event of a major crisis to assess different heuristics of international solidarity (need; reciprocity; identity; attitude). We show that shared borders, a common language, geographical proximity and common membership in the European Union are associated with a higher probability of solidarity. We find that ideology has a substantial moderating effect: left-wing and right-wing individuals differ substantially in how they support solidarity with other countries: the solidarity of right-wing individuals across borders is much more conditional (on EU membership, geographical proximity, trade ties) than the solidarity of left-wing individuals.
The Childhood Origins of Climate-Induced Mobility and Immobility
Authors: Thiede Brian C. , Randell Heather , Gray Clark
Published: April 2021

The existing literature on climate change and migration has focused largely on assessing short-term responses to temperature and precipitation shocks. In this paper, we suggest that this common “coping strategies” model can be extended to account for mechanisms that link environmental conditions to migration behavior over longer periods of time. We argue that early-life climate exposures may affect the likelihood of migration from childhood through early adulthood by influencing parental migration, community migration networks, human capital development, and decisions about household resource allocation, all of which are correlates of geographic mobility. We evaluate this expectation empirically using a “big data” approach, analyzing georeferenced records from 81 censuses implemented across 31 countries in tropical Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia. For each world region, we estimate multivariate regression models that predict lifetime migration through ages 30-39 as a function of temperature and precipitation in early life, defined as the year prior to birth through age four. Results suggest that early-life climate is systematically associated with changes in the probability of lifetime migration in most regions of the tropics, with the largest effects observed in sub-Saharan Africa. In East and Southern Africa, the effects of temperature shocks vary by sex and educational attainment and in a manner that suggests women and those with lower socioeconomic status are most vulnerable to climate shocks. Finally, we compare our main results with models using alternative measures of climate exposure. This comparison suggests climate exposures during the prenatal period and first few years of life are particularly (but not exclusively) salient for lifetime migration, which is most consistent with our proposed human capital mechanism.
Who benefits from the wisdom of the crowd in crowdfunding? Assessing the benefits of user-generated and mass personal electronic word of mouth in computer-mediated financing
Authors: Kaminski Jermain , Hopp Christian , Lukas Christian
Published: April 2021

In this work, we explore the link between electronic word of mouth in the form of user-generated content (online forum interactions on Kickstarter) and through mass personal communication (sharing information through Facebook) on the performance of crowdfunding campaigns. Our formal theoretical model implies that the efficiency of electronic word of mouth is determined by the quality of the underlying crowdfunding campaign. Using a sample of 572 project observations, we test our theoretical predictions in cross-sectional logistic regression and ancillary Granger analyses. Our results highlight the interactive contingency of social media engagement and the success of the crowdfunding campaign. While a higher quality campaign is benefitting from user generated electronic word of mouth (online comments), the returns are diminishing. For mass personal electronic word of mouth (Facebook shares), we even find a reverse causal effect. Social media activity follows a successful campaign, but does not affect the success probability of the campaign. Crowdfunding campaigns need to approach their social media activities with a certain note of sensitivity to achieve the objective of successfully reaching their campaign goal.
Education under the state of ISIS: What lessons can be learned from the Physical Education Curriculum?
Authors: Gadais Tegwen , Touir Ghada , Decarpentrie Laurie , AL khatib Mazen , Daou Alain , Chamsine Chirine , Arvisais Olivier
Published: April 2021

This study focused on what lessons can be learned from the Physical Education Curriculum under the reign of Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS)? We conducted an unprecedented analysis of ISIS primary school physical education curriculum. The research objective focused on describing and analyzing the context and philosophy of the document as well as its content (calligraphy, didactic, pedagogy, learning assessment, among others). We also analyzed the general scientific quality of the curriculum of physical education targeting fitness preparation by the instructor in charge of the education of the youth. In addition, our analysis focused on the philosophical and contextual issues of the manual. Findings revealed an incomplete and a rapidly developed textbook where several essential elements related to pedagogy, didactics, learning and assessment were missing or inconsistent. The logic of military preparation under the guise of preparing the student’s physical condition was an important finding without being explicitly mentioned. Integration of religious content was present without being affirmed in the content of the lessons. We argue that the ISIS physical education curriculum appears to be committed to an absolutist/theocratic ideological or propaganda program that, among other things, promotes the preparation of the future soldiers of the ISIS army. Recommendations about secularization and the reconstruction of post-ISIS education systems are formulated.
PRAGMATICS
Authors: Rahayu Silpia
Published: April 2021

Learning a language is learning to communicate. Therefore, learning English improves students' ability to communicate, both orally and in writing. Language as a means of communication is used in various functions and is presented in a meaningful context, not in the form of loose sentences. By being oriented towards a communication skill, language learning can also be approached through one of the fields of language studies, namely pragmatics. Learning language with a pragmatic approach is commonly called a communicative function with a number of functions. Pragmatics is a language study involving various aspects outside of language that can give meaning. The ability to study matters outside of language will certainly greatly help students in applying their language competencies practically in their real conditions. With a pragmatic approach, in language learning, it is hoped that students will be more able to actualize their language skills in everyday life in society. In addition, the demands of the latest curriculum also lead to a competency in students. Departing from the things mentioned above, this book discussed several things related to pragmatics and language teaching. This book is sufficient to discuss pragmatics and its types. This book is expected to be able to help students or students who are teaching pragmatics courses or who want to just know about pragmatics.
Decision Support Systems in the Context of Cyber-Physical Systems
Authors: Freier Pascal , Schumann Matthias
Published: April 2021

Cyber-physical systems promise a complete networking of all actors and resources involved in production and thus an improved availability of information. In this context decision support systems enable appropriate processing and presentation of the captured data. In particular, production scheduling could benefit from this, since it is responsible for the short-term planning and control of released orders. Since decision support systems and cyber-physical systems together are not yet widely used in production scheduling, the aim of this research study is to analyse the adoption of these technologies. In order to do so, we conducted a qualitative interview study with experts on production scheduling. Thereby, we identified eleven influencing factors and 22 related challenges, which affect the adoption of decision support systems in production scheduling in the context of cyber-physical systems. We further discuss and assess the identified influencing factors based on the interview study. The results help to explain and improve the adoption of those systems and can serve as a starting point for their development.
A Conceptual Tool to Eliminate Filter Bubbles in Social Networks
Authors: Amrollahi Alireza
Published: April 2021

Reliance on social media as a source of information has lead to several challenges, including the limitation of sources to viewers’ preferences and desires, also known as filter bubbles. The formation of filter bubbles is a known risk to democracy. It can bring negative consequences like polarisation of the society, users’ tendency to extremist viewpoints and the proliferation of fake news. Previous studies have focused on specific aspects and paid less attention to a holistic approach for eliminating the notion. The current study, however, aims to propose a model for an integrated tool that assists users in avoiding filter bubbles in social networks. To this end, a systematic literature review has been undertaken, and initially, 571 papers in six top-ranked scientific databases have been identified. After excluding irrelevant studies and performing an in-depth analysis of the remaining papers, a classification of research studies is proposed. This classification is then used to introduce an overall architecture for an integrated tool that synthesises all previous studies and offers new features for avoiding filter bubbles. The study explains the components and features of the proposed architecture and concludes with a list of implications for the recommended tool.
Special Section of Invited Papers from the 30th Australasian Conference on Information Systems
Authors: Bunker Deborah , Mills Annette , Vogel Doug
Published: April 2021

This article introduces the papers which were invited for this special section.
PEMANFAATAN PESAWAT TANPA AWAK UNTUK PEMETAAN DAN IDENTIFIKASI PENUTUPAN LAHAN PADA KAWASAN HUTAN PENDIDIKAN UNMUL
Authors: Hakim Muhammad Azizul , Emawati Heni , Mujahiddin Dwi Ery
Published: April 2021

Pada era modern ini pemotretan udara tidak hanya menggunakan pesawat berawak, namun dapat juga menggunakan pesawat tanpa awak atau UAV (Unamanned Aerial Vechicle) pesawat tanpa awak ini lebih dikenal dengan istilah drone yang saat ini dengan harga terjangkau, mudah didapatkan serta memiliki kemapuan melakukan pemotretan seperti pesawat berawak. Kelebihan utama dari drone, dibandingkan dengan pesawat berawak adalah bahwa drone dapat digunakan pada situasi dengan resiko tinggi, tanpa perlu membahayakan nyawa manusia, dan pada area yang tidak dapat diakses. Drone umumnya terbang pada ketinggian rendah sehingga foto yang dihasilkan terbebas dari awan.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Memetakan Kawasan Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul (HPFU) dengan menggunakan Pesawat Tanpa Awak atau UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Mengidentifikasi dan mengetahui luasan masing-masing penutupan lahan pada Kawasan Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul (HPFU) dengan menggunakan citra foto udara. Penelitian ini dilakukan kurang lebih 2 bulan efektif.Hutan Pendidikan Fakultas Kehutanan Unmul menjadi objek dilakukan penelitan dengan menggunakan Drone DJi Phantom 4 Pro V.2 dan menggunakan software pengolahan foto udara yaitu Agisoft Photoscan.Hasil analisis data yaitu penggunaan lahan di HPFU didapatkan 12 jenis penggunaan lahan dan tutupan lahan. Hasil analisis spasial untuk luas dan masing-masing jenis penggunaan lahan terdiri dari Aren, Belukar rawa, Hutan sekunder, Kebun buah Naga, Kebun sawit, Lahan terbuka, Pemukiman, Pertanian Lahan Kering, Semak, Tambak ikan, Tambang dan Tubuh air.
The Improvement of the Mathematical Model of the Work Process of Borehole Ejection Systems
Authors: Kryzhanivskyi Ye. І. , Panevnyk D. О.
Published: April 2021

The article presents the sequence of deriving the equations which characterize the hydraulic system of jet pumps that carry out suction and injection-suction bottom flushing while drilling the production wells. The nature of flow distribution in the borehole ejection systems of the suction and injection-suction types is analyzed. The analysis is carried out taking into consideration the peculiarities of the calculation of branched hydraulic systems. While studying the movement of the flows in the bottom circulation circuits, the authors take into account the equation of the balance of the flow-rate at nodal points and hydraulic losses in parallel parts of the system. The developed mathematical models are based on the study of the changes in hydrodynamic pressures which occur in characteristic sections of a jet pump. The pressure ratio of mixed, injected and operating flows is presented as non-dimensional relative pressure of the ejection system. The dependence of non-dimensional relative pressure on the relative flow rate determines the characteristic of the hydraulic system of a jet pump. The relative flow rate or injection ratio of a jet pump is defined as the ratio of flow rate to injected and work flow. While analyzing the developed mathematical models, the authors specify the relation between the design and operating parameters of a jet pump. These parameters ensure its operation with maximum efficiency. Based on the study of the influence of the correlation between the diameters of the jet pump nozzles and the flushing system of the bit, the authors specify parameters which are optimal in terms of energy performance. The article provides the example of graphical determination of the operating point of a pumping unit. This determination is based on a simultaneous solution of the equations of the characteristics of the jet pump and the hydraulic system in which it operates. The improved techniques allow to predict the mode parameters of ejection systems and to determine the size of flowing part of the jet pump. They provide maximum energy performance of its workflow.
Дослідження впливу геометричних параметрів відводів газо-прoводів на внутрішньотрубні ерозійні процеси
Authors: Дорошенко Я. В.
Published: April 2021

Досліджено вплив діаметра, кута вигину та радіуса вигину відводів газопроводів на місцезнаходження та величину їх ерозійного зношування. Дослідження виконано CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) моделюванням зі застосуванням Лагранжевого підходу (модель DPM (Discrete Phase Model)) у програмному комплексі ANSYS Fluent R19.2 Academic. Математична модель руху суцільної фази базується на розв’язанні системи рівнянь Нав’є-Стокса, нерозривності замкнених двопараметричною k-ε моделлю турбулентності з відповідними початковими та граничними умовами. Траєкторії руху дисперсних фаз відстежувалися шляхом інтеграції рівняння сил, які діють на частинки. Моделювання ерозійного зношування відводів газопроводів виконувалось iз застосуванням рівняння Фінні. Дослідження виконані для п’яти різних зовнішніх діаметрів відводів газопроводу (89 мм, 219 мм, 530 мм, 1020 мм та 1420 мм). Кути вигину відводів складали 30°, 45°, 60° та 90°, а радіуси вигину DN, 1,5 DN, 2 DN, 2,5 DN та 3,5 DN. Суцільною фазою вибирався природний газ, дисперсною – пісок. Витрата дисперсної фази, швидкість руху дисперсної і суцільної фази на вході у відвід та тиск на виході кожного з модельованих відводів приймались однаковими. Результати моделювання були візуалізовані в постпроцесорі ANSYS Fluent побудовою полів швидкості ерозійного зношування на контурах відводів газопроводів. З візуалізованих результатів визначено, що найбільший вплив на місцезнаходження ерозійного зношування відводів газопроводів чинить радіус вигину відводу, а на величину ерозійного зношування – діаметр відводу. Встановлено вплив геометричних параметрів відводів на місцезнаходження поля їх максимального ерозійного зношування. Побудовано графічні залежності максимальної швидкості ерозійного зношування відводів газопроводів від їх геометричних параметрів.
Pengaruh RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, dan Capital) terhadap Nilai Perusahaan (Studi Kasus Perusahaan Perbankan di BEI 2016-2018)
Authors:   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Prabawati Ni Putu Sita , Pradnyani Norma Dewi Abdi ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali, Suciwati Desak Putu ,   Politeknik Negeri Bali
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh Profil Risiko, Good Corporate Governance, Earnings, Capital, dan pengaruh RGEC secara bersama-sama terhadap nilai perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) tahun 2016-2018. Penelitian ini menggunakan 44 bank dengan jumlah sampel 132. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi non partisipan. Profil risiko diukur dengan Non Performing Loans (NPL) dan Loans to Deposit Ratio. GCG diukur dengan self assessment, sedangkan Earnings diukur dengan ROA, dan Net Interest Margin (NIM). Modal diukur dengan Capital Adequancy Ratio (CAR), sedangkan nilai perusahaan dihitung menggunakan rumus Tobin's Q. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah teknik analisis regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: (1) Profil Risiko berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. (2) Good Corporate Governance berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. (3) Laba berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. (4) Modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan. (5) RGEC secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai perusahaan.
Ekosistem Usaha Rintisan Mahasiswa: Studi Kasus Proyek Bisnis di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors:   Universitas Prasetiya Mulya, Silva Novira da
Published: April 2021

Peran pendidikan tinggi dalam ekosistem kewirausahaan adalah menyediakan lingkungan yang mendukung pembentukan dan pelaksanaan usaha rintisan mahasiswa. Program S1 Bisnis di Sekolah Bisnis dan Ekonomi Universitas Prasetiya Mulya telah memiliki kurikulum kewirausahaan dengan salah satu kebijakan tugas akhir berupa pembuatan proyek bisnis sebagai sebuah usaha rintisan mahasiswa. Kondisi pandemi covid19, mengubah sistem perkuliahan dan pelaksanaan proyek bisnis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan penjelasan tentang elemen ekosistem usaha rintisan mahasiswa dan dinamika perubahan yang terjadi selama periode pandemi covid19 . Metode penelitian kualitatif studi kasus dengan kerangka ekosistem untuk usaha rintisan mahasiswa sebagai acuan analisis. Pengumpulan data melalui FGD kepada perwakilan kelompok proyek bisnis, dilanjutkan interview dan telaah dokumen internal program S1 Bisnis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sejarah universitas dan kepatuhan pada peraturan pemerintah serta perkembangan industri kreatif menjadi dasar perumusan kurikulum kewirausahaan. Proyek bisnis harus fleksibel dalam menghadapi perubahan lokasi domisili anggota kelompok juga peralihan metode penjualan yang memanfaatkan media daring untuk kegiatan pemasaran. Dukungan orang tua dan keluarga, mentor usaha dan mentor akademik sangat mendukung pelaksanaan proyek bisnis. Mata kuliah elektif yang telah dijalankan sebelumnya juga turut memberikan kontribusi pada pelaksanaan usaha. Kesesuaian alokasi dosen pembimbing dan evaluasi mata kuliah elektif adalah implikasi manajerial penelitian bagi pengelola program S1 Bisnis.