bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСВІТНЬО-НАУКОВИЙ ФРОНТ: ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ ІНСТИТУТУ ПЕДАГОГІКИ НАПН УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ
Authors: Topuzov Oleh , Zasiekina Tеtiana , Holovko Mykola , Kalinina Liudmyla
Published: July 2022

У статті розглянуто виклики, що постали перед освітою та наукою України в умовах воєнного стану, та роботу науковців Інституту педагогіки НАПН України на шляху до їх подолання. Визначено такі нові напрями роботи: науково-методична підтримка освітнього процесу в умовах війни; організаційна, інформаційна та волонтерська діяльність; дистанційно-комунікаційна робота, якими розширено й скоординовано статутні завдання діяльності установи. Науковці Інституту здійснюють науково-методичний супровід навчання: проводять онлайн-уроки, розробляють навчальні й методичні матеріали для дистанційної форми навчання, моніторять освітні втрати й розробляють рекомендації з їх компенсації, надають допомогу в організації освітнього процесу українських учнів за кордоном, пропонують зміни в нормативні документи щодо безпеки й збереження життя й розробляють нові, співпрацюють із міжнародними науковими й освітніми організаціями в інформаційному протистоянні російській агресії. Забезпечення освітньої та наукової діяльності під час війни — ще один фронт боротьби українців.
ANALISIS MEDICATION ERROR POLA PERESEPAN RAWAT JALAN DI RUMAH SAKIT JIWA KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Meki Pranata  , Ibnu Faisal  , Tripeni Kurniati
Published: July 2022

Medication error merupakan kejadian yang merugikan bagi pasien akibat pemakaian obat.salah satu medication error yaitu skrining peresepan yang terdiri dari fase prescribing, fase transcribing dan fase dispensing. Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan untuk mengetahui kejadian medication error atau kesalahan pengobatan di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Semarang Provinsi Jawa Tengah pada periode Februari - Maret 2022. Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian observasional analytic dengan desain cross sectional study dan medote pengambilan sampel menggunakan random sampling. Berupa resep pasien rawat jalan yang sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sebanyak 100 resep yang ada di instalasi Farmasi Rawat jalan. Hasil penelitian ini terdapat beberapa medication error pada fase prescribing menunjukkan medication error pada resep yaitu; Tidak ada nomor SIP dokter sebanyak 100%, Tidak ada nomor telepon dokter sebanyak 100%, Tidak ada alamat dokter sebanyak 100%, Tidak ada alamat pasien sebanyak 100%, Tidak ada berat badan pasien sebanyak 100%, dan Tidak ada tinggi badan sebanyak 100%. Pada fase transcribing tidak ada terjadinya medication error. Pada fase dispensing menunjukan terjadinya medication error pada resep yaitu; salah pengambilan obat sebanyak 2%, salah menghitung jumlah obat sebanyak 1%, dan obat yang kurang sebanyak 3%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terjadi medication error di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Semarang. Setiap medication error dapat menyebabkan kerugian bagi pasien oleh sebab itu perlu adanya evaluasi dan perbaikan untuk mengurangi dan mencegah medication error.
Heterosis, heterobeltiosis and dominance effect on yield, total soluble solid and dry matter of red pepper [Capsicum annuum L. var. conoides (Mill.) Irish] hybrids
Authors: Murat Doğru Senay , Kar Hayati , Özbakır Özer Mehtap , Kobal Bekar Nur
Published: July 2022

Aims: The aim of this study is to estimate heterosis, heterobeltiosis and dominance effect on yield, total soluble solid and dry matter of capia type red pepper.Methods and Results: In this study 11 capia type red pepper parents and 47 hybrids obtained from crosses of these parents were used as materials. Heterosis in fresh fruit yield ranged from -48.23 to 80.68. The highest heterosis were recorded for 209 YKB (80.68%), 239 YKB (60.35%), 225 YKB (56.97%) and 195 YKB (55.30%), respectively. Heterosis rates of F1 changed between -33.70 and 30.98 in terms of total soluble solid. The highest heterosis rates was found in 218 YKB. In terms of dry matter, highest heterosis rate was calculated as 66.67% in 195 YKB. As a result of the study, 39-H-2, 43-H-6 and 45-H-5 were determined as the best parents giving the highest heterosis rates in crosses.Conclusions: In this study, heterosis rates were highly positive direction in terms of all three characteristics. The use of heterosis can be indicated as a practical method to increase yield and other economic characteristics in peppers.Significance and Impact of the Study: These results can be used to determine the varieties that become prominent in terms of desired characteristics.
Patateslerde kök boğazı nekrozu ve siyah siğil hastalığı (Rhizoctonia solani)’nın kimyasal ve biyolojik yöntemlerle mücadele olanaklarının araştırılması
Authors: Erdevil Aysel Zübeyde , Erkılıç Ali
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışmada; çeşitli fungisitlerin, bitki aktivatörlerinin ve biyolojik preparatların patateslerde Kök Boğazı Nekrozu ve Siyah Siğil hastalığı etmeni Rhizoctonia solani’nin miseliyal gelişiminin ve hastalık çıkışının baskılanması üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Denemede, laboratuvar koşullarında fungisitlerin (flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, tolclophos-methyl+thiram, penflufen+prothiconazole ve fludioxonil) ve bitki aktivatörlerinin (ISR-2000, Crop-set, Aliette ve Messenger Gold) R. solani’nin miseliyal gelişmesine etkileri belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca biyolojik ürünlerin (T-22 Planter Box,Trianum-p, Serenade ve Cedriks) R. solani’ye karşı antagonistik etkileri de incelenmiştir. Mikro parsel denemeleriyle kimyasallar ve biyofungal ve biyobakteriyel preparatların R. solani’nin hastalık oluşturması üzerine etkileri değerlendirilmiştir. In vitro denemeleri sonuçlarına göre, fungisitlerlerden tolclophos-methyl+thiram ve flutolanil 5 ppm’den itibaren miseliyal gelişmeyi %100 engellemiştir. Bitki aktivatörlerinde arasında ise en yüksek fungisidal etki 1000 ppm’de %31.5 engelleme ile Aliette’den elde edilmiştir. Trichoderma harzianum’un ticari biyofungal preparatları, miseliyal gelişmeyi %3.8 ile %66.9 arasında değişen oranlarda baskılamıştır. Ticari biyobakteriyel preparatlar olan Pseudomonas fluorescens (Cedriks) ve Bacillus subtilis (Serenade) sırasıyla miseliyal gelişmeyi %82.9 ve %59.4 oranında engellemiştir. Mikro parsel denemeleri denemeleri sonuçlarına göre ise en başarılı uygulamalar tolclophos-methyl+thiram, fosetyl-al ve P. fluorescens olarak belirlenmiştir. Genel Yorum: Test edilen uygulamalar arasında, Tolclophos-methyl+thiram, fosetyl-Al ve P. fluorescens uygulamaları hem in vitro hem de in vivo koşullarda R. solani’yi önemli düzeyde baskılamıştır. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Fungisitler, laboratuvar koşullarında oldukça etkili bulunsa da tarla koşullarında bazı bitki aktivatörleri ve biyopreparatlara oldukça benzer etki göstermiştir. Bu etki göz önüne alındığında bitki aktivatörleri ve biyopreparatların, sentetik kimyasal fungisitlere alternatif mücadele yöntemi olarak potansiyele sahip olabileceklerini söylemek mümkündür.
Bazı yumak (Festuca spp.) türlerinin çimlenme ve fide aşamasında tuz stresine tepkilerinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Ertekin İbrahim , Yılmaz Şaban , Can Ersin
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Bu çalışma farklı tuz dozları (kontrol/0, 50 mM, 100 mM, 150 mM ve 200 mM) altında bazı çim türlerinin (Festuca arundinaceae L. (kamışsı yumak), Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra (köksaplı kırmızı yumak) ve Festuca rubra L. subsp. commutata (adi kırmızı yumak)) performaslarını belirlemek için yürütülmüştür. Yöntem ve Bulgular: Çalışmada farklı tuz dozlarını oluşturmak için NaCl2 kullanılmıştır. Tuz dozlarına göre hazırlanan solüsyonlar çim türlerinin çimlenme ortamına 8 mL olarak ilave edilmiş ve çim türleri 10 gün boyunca iklim dolabında çimlenme ve fide gelişimine bırakılmıştır. Bu sürenin sonunda çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi, ortalama çimlenme süresi, sürgün ve kök uzunluğu ve fide yaş ağırlığı özellikleri incelenmiştir. Çim türlerinin tuz dozlarından çimlenme oranı, çimlenme indeksi ve ortalama çimlenme süresi etkilenmezken, sürgün ve kök uzunluğu ve fide yaş ağırlığı özellikleri etkilenmiştir. Genel Yorum: Elde edilen sonuçlara göre çim türlerinde farklı tuz dozlarındaki fide gelişimi özelliklerinin farklılık gösterdiği sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan Festuca rubra L. subsp. rubra (köksaplı kırmızı yumak) türünün diğer türlere kıyasla tuz stresine karşı daha toleranslı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Festuca cinsine ait çim türlerin farklı tuz stresi altında incelenmesi, yeşil alan tesis etmek için yapılan çalışmalarda özelliklede tuzluluk sıkıntısı olan bölgeler için yol gösterici olması amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca bu çalışma yapılacak bilimsel çalışmalara kaynak olma niteliği taşımaktadır.
Domates öz nekrozu hastalığına vermikompost, mikoriza ve potasyum gübrelemesinin etkinliğinin belirlenmesi
Authors: Ercan Neriman , Karnez Ebru , Pınar Aktepe Benian , Aysan Yesim
Published: July 2022

Amaç: Domateste mikorizal fungusların, vermikompost gübrelemesinin ve potasyum beslemesinin tekli, ikili ve üçlü kombinasyonlarının Pseudomonas cichorii’nin neden olduğu öz nekrozu hastalığı’na etkisi ve mücadelesinde kullanım olanakları saksı denemeleriyle cam serada araştırılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Vermikompost uygulaması üretici firmanın önerdiği dozda hazırlananarak %20 oranında toprağa karıştırılmış ve mikoriza uygulaması olarak yonca bitkisinde üretimi yapılan yedi mikorizal fungus türü eşit oranda karıştırılarak fide başına 100 gr olacak şekilde domates fidelerinin dikim çukuruna köklerle temas edecek şekilde uygulanmıştır. Potasyumlu gübre uygulaması olarak 300 ppm dozda hazırlanan potasyum sülfat gübresi domates fideleri dikildikten sonra verilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda uygulamaların tümü hastalığı %52-74 arasında baskılayarak başarılı olmuştur. En başarılı uygulama hastalığı %74 oranıyla baskılayan Mikoriza uygulaması olmuştur. Vermikompost uygulaması hastalığı %71, vermikompost+mikoriza ve vermikompost+potasyum hastalığı %69 ve mikoriza+potasyum uygulaması ise hastalığı %68 oranında engellemiştir. Diğer başarılı uygulamalar ise %62 ile üçlü kombinasyonda ve %52 ile sadece potasyum gübrelemesinde elde edilmiştir.Genel Yorum: Bu tez çalışması sonucunda, domates bitkilerine hem tek başına hem de kombinasyon halinde uygulanan vermikompost, mikoriza ve potasyum gübrelemesinin Pseudomonas cichorii’nin neden olduğu Öz Nekrozu Hastalığı’nı %52-74 arasında engellemede başarılı olduğu belirlenmiştir. Öz nekrozu hastalığının kimyasal mücadelesinin olmaması nedeniyle bitkilerin dayanıklılık mekanizmalarını uyaran bitki aktivatörleri ve toprağın mikrobiyal aktivitesini zenginleştirmesini sağlayan uygulamalar hastalığın baskılanması açısından önemlidir ve bu uygulamaların hastalığın entegre mücadele programına dahil edilmesi önerilmektedir.Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Toprak mikrobiyal aktivitesini artıran, bitkinin besin alımını iyileştiren ve hastalıklara dayanıklılığı uyaran bu uygulamaların öz nekrozu hastalığı’nın mücadelesinde başarıyla kullanılabileceği bu çalışmayla gösterilmiştir.
Pelatihan Penyusunan Laporan Keuangan Berdasarkan ISAK 35 Pada Organisasi Mahasiswa: IKMAB UIN K.H. Abdurrahman Wahid Pekalongan
Authors: Qolbi Ayada Ulufal , Safitri Novi , Rizqianti Dina , Nabil Muhammad , Adinugraha Hendri Hermawan
Published: July 2022

Organisasi nirlaba adalah organisasi yang ada untuk tujuan menguntungkan lingkungan sosial daripada mengejar keuntungan finansial bagi organisasi. Salah satu contoh organisasi nirlaba yaitu organisasi mahasiswa. IKMAB merupakan sebuah organisasi yang mewadahi mahasiwa penerima beasiswa bidikmisi atau sekarang yang lebih dikenal KIP kuliah. Salah satu permasalahan yang muncul yaitu dalam mengelola laporan keuangan, IKMAB masih menggunakan pembukuan sederhana yang meliputi pemasukan dan pengeluaran saja tanpa dikelompokkan berdasarkan akunnya. Tujuan diadakannya program pelatihan ini adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan mengenai ISAK 35 dan mengajarkan bagaimana cara penyusunan laporan keuangan berdasarkan ISAK 35. Metode dari pelaksanaan kegiatan ini berupa pelatihan dengan menggunakan media PPT. Setelah diadakannya pelatihan dapat disimpulkan bahwa sebagian besar pengurus IKMAB telah mengalami kemajuan. Hal ini bisa dilihat dari grafik posttest yang mengalami peningkatan poin rata-rata sebesar 45,51 poin dari pretest yang hanya mendapat rata-rata 28,24 poin.
Influence of Large-scale Interplanetary Structures on the Propagation of Solar Energetic Particles: The Multispacecraft Event on 2021 October 9
Authors: Lario D. , Wijsen N. , Kwon R. Y. , Sánchez-Cano B. , Richardson I. G. , Pacheco D. , Palmerio E. , Stevens M. L. , Szabo A. , Heyner D. , Dresing N. , Gómez-Herrero R. , Carcaboso F. , Aran A. , Afanasiev A. , Vainio R. , Riihonen E. , Poedts S. , Brüden M. , Xu Z. G. , Kollhoff A.
Published: July 2022

An intense solar energetic particle (SEP) event was observed on 2021 October 9 by multiple spacecraft distributed near the ecliptic plane at heliocentric radial distances R ≲ 1 au and within a narrow range of heliolongitudes. A stream interaction region (SIR), sequentially observed by Parker Solar Probe (PSP) at R = 0.76 au and 48° east from Earth (ϕ = E48°), STEREO-A (at R = 0.96 au, ϕ = E39°), Solar Orbiter (SolO; at R = 0.68 au, ϕ = E15°), BepiColombo (at R = 0.33 au, ϕ = W02°), and near-Earth spacecraft, regulated the observed intensity-time profiles and the anisotropic character of the SEP event. PSP, STEREO-A, and SolO detected strong anisotropies at the onset of the SEP event, which resulted from the fact that PSP and STEREO-A were in the declining-speed region of the solar wind stream responsible for the SIR and from the passage of a steady magnetic field structure by SolO during the onset of the event. By contrast, the intensity-time profiles observed near Earth displayed a delayed onset at proton energies ≳13 MeV and an accumulation of ≲5 MeV protons between the SIR and the shock driven by the parent coronal mass ejection (CME). Even though BepiColombo, STEREO-A, and SolO were nominally connected to the same region of the Sun, the intensity-time profiles at BepiColombo resemble those observed near Earth, with the bulk of low-energy ions also confined between the SIR and the CME-driven shock. This event exemplifies the impact that intervening large-scale interplanetary structures, such as corotating SIRs, have in shaping the properties of SEP events.
Dust Grain Growth and Dusty Supernovae in Low-metallicity Molecular Clouds
Authors: Martínez-González Sergio , Wünsch Richard , Tenorio-Tagle Guillermo , Silich Sergiy , Szécsi Dorottya , Palouš Jan
Published: July 2022

We present 3D hydrodynamical models of the evolution of superbubbles powered by stellar winds and supernovae from young coeval massive star clusters within low-metallicity (Z = 0.02 Z
⊙), clumpy molecular clouds. We explore the initial stages of the superbubble evolution, including the occurrence of pair-instability and core-collapse supernovae. Our aim is to study the occurrence of dust grain growth within orbiting dusty clumps, and in the superbubble’s swept-up supershell. We also aim to address the survival of dust grains produced by sequential supernovae. The model accounts for the star cluster gravitational potential and self-gravity of the parent cloud. It also considers radiative cooling (including that induced by dust) and a state-of-the-art population synthesis model for the coeval cluster. As shown before, a superbubble embedded into a clumpy medium becomes highly distorted, expanding mostly due to the hot gas streaming through low-density channels. Our results indicate that in the case of massive (∼107
M
⊙) molecular clouds, hosting a super star cluster (∼5.6 × 105
M
⊙), grain growth increments the dust mass at a rate ∼4.8 × 10−5
M
⊙ yr−1 during the first 2.5 Myr of the superbubble’s evolution, while the net contribution of pair-instability and core-collapse supernovae to the superbubble’s dust budget is ∼1200 M
⊙ (M
SC/5.6 × 105
M
⊙), where M
SC is the stellar mass of the starburst. Therefore, dust grain growth and dust injection by supernovae lead to the creation of, without invoking a top-heavy initial mass function, massive amounts of dust within low-metallicity star-forming molecular clouds, in accordance with the large dust mass present in galaxies soon after the onset of cosmic reionization.
A Candle in the Wind: A Radio Filament in the Core of the A3562 Galaxy Cluster
Authors: Giacintucci S. , Venturi T. , Markevitch M. , Bourdin H. , Mazzotta P. , Merluzzi P. , Dallacasa D. , Bardelli S. , Sikhosana S. P. , Smirnov O. , Bernardi G.
Published: July 2022

Using a MeerKAT observation of the galaxy cluster A3562 (a member of the Shapley supercluster), we have discovered a narrow, long and straight, very faint radio filament, which branches out at a straight angle from the tail of a radio galaxy located in projection near the core of the cluster. The radio filament spans 200 kpc and aligns with a sloshing cold front seen in the X-rays, staying inside the front in projection. The radio spectral index along the filament appears uniform (within large uncertainties) at α ≃ −1.5. We propose that the radio galaxy is located outside the cold front but dips its tail under the front. The tangential wind that blows there may stretch the radio plasma from the radio galaxy into a filamentary structure. Some reacceleration is needed in this scenario to keep the radio spectrum uniform. Alternatively, the cosmic-ray electrons from that spot in the tail can spread along the cluster magnetic field lines, straightened by that same tangential flow, via anomalously fast diffusion. Our radio filament can provide constraints on this process. We also uncover a compact radio source at the brightest cluster galaxy that is 2–3 orders of magnitude less luminous than those in typical cluster central galaxies—probably an example of a brightest cluster galaxy starved of accretion fuel by gas sloshing.
The Effect of Accretion Rate and Composition on the Structure of Ice-rich Super-Earths
Authors: Lozovsky Michael , Prialnik Dina , Podolak Morris
Published: July 2022

It is reasonable to assume that the structure of a planet and the interior distribution of its components are determined by its formation history. We thus follow the growth of a planet from a small embryo through its subsequent evolution. We estimate the accretion rate range based on a protoplanetary disk model at a large-enough distance from the central star for water ice to be a major component. We assume the accreted material to be a mixture of silicate rock and ice, with no H–He envelope, as the accretion timescale is much longer than the time required for the nebular gas to dissipate. We adopt a thermal evolution model that includes accretional heating, radioactive energy release, and separation of ice and rock. Taking the Safronov parameter and the ice-to-rock ratio as free parameters, we compute growth and evolutionary sequences for different parameter combinations, for 4.6 Gyr. We find the final structure to depend significantly on both parameters. Low initial ice-to-rock ratios and high accretion rates, each resulting in an increased heating rate, lead to the formation of extended rocky cores, while the opposite conditions leave the composition almost unchanged and result in relatively low internal temperatures. When rocky cores form, the ice-rich outer mantles still contain rock mixed with the ice. We find that a considerable fraction of the ice evaporates upon accretion, depending on parameters, and assume it is lost, thus the final surface composition and bulk density of the planet do not necessarily reflect the protoplanetary disk composition.
Evolution of Accretion Modes between Spectral States Inferred from Spectral and Timing Analysis of Cygnus X-1 with Insight-HXMT Observations
Authors: Feng M. Z. , Kong L. D. , Wang P. J. , Zhang S. N. , Liu H. X. , Yang Z. X. , Huang Y. , Ji L. , Jia S. M. , Ma X. , Yu W. , Zhao H. S. , Nie J. Y. , Tuo Y. L. , Zhang S. , Qu J. L. , Wu B. B.
Published: July 2022

We execute a detailed spectral-timing study of Cygnus X-1 in the low/hard, intermediate, and high/soft states with observations from the Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope. The broadband energy spectra fit well with the “truncated disk model”: the inner boundary of the accretion disk stays within ∼10 R
g and moves inward as the source softens. Through studying the power density spectrum, rms, and Fourier frequency component resolved spectroscopy, we find that the X-ray variations are generated in two different regions for each state. We discover that the major contribution to the X-ray variation is from the hot corona rather than the accretion disk. We suggest a scenario with different coronal geometry for each state based on the truncated disk geometry in which the corona envelops the disk to form a sandwich geometry in the low/hard state, and then gradually moves away from the disk in a direction perpendicular to the disk until it forms a jet-like geometry in the high/soft state.
HST/WFC3 Hα Direct-imaging Detection of a Pointlike Source in the Disk Cavity of AB Aur
Authors: Zhou Yifan , Sanghi Aniket , Bowler Brendan P. , Wu Ya-Lin , Close Laird M. , Long Feng , Ward-Duong Kimberly , Zhu Zhaohuan , Kraus Adam L. , Follette Katherine B. , Bae Jaehan
Published: July 2022

Accreting protoplanets enable the direct characterization of planet formation. As part of a high-contrast imaging search for accreting planets with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3, we present Hα images of AB Aurigae (AB Aur), a Herbig Ae/Be star harboring a transition disk. The data were collected in two epochs of direct-imaging observations using the F656N narrowband filter. After subtracting the point-spread function of the primary star, we identify a pointlike source located at a position angle of 182.°5 ± 1.°4 and a separation of 600 ± 22 mas relative to the host star. The position is consistent with the recently identified protoplanet candidate AB Aur b. The source is visible in two individual epochs separated by ∼50 days, and the Hα intensities in the two epochs agree. The Hα flux density is F

ν
= 1.5 ± 0.4 mJy, 3.2 ± 0.9 times the optical continuum determined by published HST/STIS photometry. In comparison to PDS 70 b and c, the Hα excess emission is weak. The central star is accreting and the stellar Hα emission has a similar line-to-continuum ratio as seen in AB Aur b. We conclude that both planetary accretion and scattered stellar light are possible sources of the Hα emission, and the Hα detection alone does not validate AB Aur b as an accreting protoplanet. Disentangling the origin of the emission will be crucial for probing planet formation in the AB Aur disk.
Inefficient Growth of SiOx Grains: Implications for Circumstellar Outflows
Authors: Kimura Yuki , Tanaka Kyoko K. , Inatomi Yuko , Ferguson Frank T. , Nuth Joseph A.
Published: July 2022

To explain observations of abundant circumstellar dust and high stellar wind velocity, most models simply postulate the efficient nucleation and growth of silicate dust particles. Here, we report measurement of the SiO–(SiOx)n grain sticking coefficient in a microgravity sounding rocket experiment, indicating very inefficient (0.005–0.016) grain formation from the vapor. Application of this measurement to radiative-driven winds in oxygen-rich asymptotic giant branch stars indicates that the initial grain condensate population should consist of very tiny dust particles in very large numbers. Aggregation of this dust population will produce low-dimension fractal aggregates that should couple well to the stellar radiation field and efficiently drive stellar mass loss.
GRB 211211A: a Prolonged Central Engine under a Strong Magnetic Field Environment
Authors: Gao He , Lei Wei-Hua , Zhu Zi-Pei
Published: July 2022

Recently, a kilonova-associated gamma-ray burst (GRB 211211A), whose light curve consists of a precursor (∼0.2 s), a hard spiky emission (∼10 s), and a soft long extended emission (∼40 s), has attracted great attention. Kilonova association could prove its merger origin, while the detection of the precursor can be used to infer at least one highly magnetized neutron star (NS) being involved in the merger. In this case, a strong magnetic flux Φ is expected to surround the central engine of GRB 211211A. Here we suggest that when Φ is large enough, the accretion flow could be halted far from the innermost stable radius, which will significantly prolong the lifetime of the accretion process, and so the GRB duration. For example, we show that as long as the central black hole (BH) is surrounded by a strong magnetic flux Φ ∼ 1029cm2 G, an accretion flow with

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could be halted at 40 times the gravitational radius and be slowly transferred into the black hole on the order of ∼10 s, which naturally explains the duration of hard spiky emission. After most of the disk mass has been accreted onto the BH, the inflow rate will be reduced, so a long and soft extended emission is expected when a new balance between the magnetic field and the accretion current is reconstructed at a larger radius. Our results further support that the special behavior of GRB 211211A is mainly due to the strong magnetic field of its progenitor stars.
Acute coronary syndrome and ischemic stroke in the course of COVID-19 infection
Authors: Tasheva I. , Kafalieva S.
Published: July 2022

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-Cov-2) pandemic has spread rapidly worldwide with 314 million infected and 5 million deceased worldwide (as of December 2021). SARS-Cov-2 has been shown to not only cause viral pneumonia, but also to lead to serious effects on the cardiovascular system. It has been proven that COVID-19 can be complicated by the Acute Coronary Syndrome through plaque rupture, vasospasm or microthrombi due to systemic inflammation or cytokine storm. An additional role is played by the hyperimmune response as well as the endothelial dysfunction, which contribute to the hypercoagulable state. Тhere is a strong possibility that the high inflammatory load is the cause of de novo coronary lesions. We present a clinical case of a 53-year-old man presenting with toxico-infectious syndrome, angina and dyspnea. Conducted paraclinical and clinical studies showed acut coronary syndrome without ST-elevation, left ventricular thrombosis, active SARS-CoV-2 infection and bilateral interstitial pneumonia. The patient was treated with percutaneous coronary intervention of LAD with drug-eluting stent, anticoagulant therapy, dual antiplatelet and anti-inflamatory therapy, beta blocker and ACE-inhibitor. On the 4th day of hospitalization the patient realized Left Middle Cerebral Artery Stroke. Our clinical case demonstrates unique prothromobotic properties of SARS-CoV-2, due to different mechanisms and complicated by thromboembolic events.
Exploring cryptic biodiversity in a world heritage site: a new pitviper (Squamata, Viperidae, Crotalinae) from Jiuzhaigou, Aba, Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhang Mei-Hua , Shi Sheng-Chao , Li Cheng , Yan Peng , Wang Ping , Ding Li , Du Jie , Plenković-Moraj Anđelka , Jiang Jian-Ping , Shi Jing-Song
Published: July 2022

This study presents a comprehensive morphological comparison along with molecular phylogeny of the genus Gloydius based on five mitochondrial genes (12S, 16S, COI, cytb, and ND4). The specimens collected from Jiuzhaigou National Nature Reserve are shown to be a new species, Gloydius lateralissp. nov. Zhang, Shi, Jiang & Shi based on a combination of morphological and molecular accounts. G. lateralissp. nov. differs from other congeneric species by a series of diagnostic morphological characteristics and forms a strongly supported monophyletic group. The new species is phylogenetically closely related to G. swild, another recently described species from Heishui, Aba, Sichuan.
Popliteus Tendon Injuries
Authors: Farrell Connor , Kiel John , Seemann LaRae , Pujalte George G. A.
Published: July 2022

Popliteus tendinopathies are rare injuries that can occur from overuse, trauma, or secondary causes, such as sesamoid bones or calcifications. They present with nonspecific symptoms and should be considered in any patient with posterolateral knee pain, instability, popliteus tenderness, and a positive Garrick test. Diagnosis can be made with magnetic resonance imaging, but arthroscopy remains the criterion standard. For minor popliteus tendinopathies, initial management involves conservative treatment, including rest, activity modification, physical therapy, and quadriceps strengthening. For more severe or refractory disease, corticosteroid injections and arthroscopy should be considered. [Orthopedics. 2023;46(4):e193–e198.]
Atomistic Investigation Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation of τ4-Al3FeSi2 and τ12-Al3Fe2Si Phases under Tensile Deformation
Authors: Taoufiki Meryem , Chabba Hanae , Dafir Driss , Barroug Abderrahim , Boulghallat Mustapha , Jouaiti Ahmed
Published: July 2022

Aluminum-Iron-Silicon (Al-Fe-Si) alloys are extremely applied in many specific industries, such as aerospace and automobiles. Their atomic concentration influences the mechanical behavior of the investigated τ4-Al3Fe2Si and τ12-Al3FeSi2 phases. The uniaxial-tensile deformation is used to compare their structural evolution under the same conditions.Atomic displacement and mechanical behavior have an interest in the elastic and plastic areas. Stress-Strain responses and Radial Distribution Function (RDF) are required. Further, atomic simulations using molecular dynamics demonstrate the change occurs. Its process is carried out at a strain rate of 21×1010 s-1 using the NPT (isothermal-isobaric) with roughly 20 700 atoms at a pressure of 105 Pa. Furthermore, using a Nosée Hoover thermostat at the temperature of 300 k is decisive.The Modified Embedded Atoms Method (MEAM) is the applied potential between Al, Fe, and Si atoms. The elastic modulus and single pair atomic correlation before and after straining are increased by this method. The atomic correlations are shown in short- and long-range order and the τ12-Al3Fe2Si phase illustrates stronger properties compared to τ4-Al3Fe2Si phase. Our results underscore an important variation associated with the change of iron and silicon concentration. More specifics are covered in the selection paper.
Smart Grid Challenges in Morocco and an Energy Demand Forecasting with Time Series
Authors: Meliani Meryem , El Barkany Abdellah , El Abbassi Ikram , Mahmoudi Morad
Published: July 2022

Facing development requirements and changes in the global energy context, Morocco has begun a process of diversification of the national energy mix in favor of renewable energy, while ensuring a competitive energy, in terms of costs, availability of products and their security and sustainability. Within this framework, Morocco launched in 2009 a national energy strategy whose major orientations focus on the security of energy supply and the generalization of its access, the preservation of the environment, through the use of renewable energy, energy efficiency, the strengthening of interconnection and regional cooperation. Through this article, the current state of the Moroccan network will be studied, as well as its potential in terms of renewable energy. Some strategies to overcome the challenges facing smart grid deployment in Morocco will also be presented. Then, the long-term energy demand, generation capacity, and renewable energy evolution in Morocco around 2030 will be estimated based on a time series using the artificial neural network method, which can be injected into the grid without causing any transit restrictions on the utility network or on the whole power system. As a result, the wind power available capacity was estimated to be 4087 MW, and the solar power available capacity was estimated to be 4713 MW by 2030. These results will be then compared to those estimated with the mathematical method. As well as, with the accuracy results of similar studies with different time series forecasting techniques. The accuracy value of this study is between 1.2% and 3.5%. So, the performance and viability of the proposed model can be studied.
Influence of Rice Husk Ash Fines on Geotechnical Properties of Lime Stabilized Lateritic Soil
Authors: Ayodele Folahan Okeola , Alo Benjamin Ayowole , Adetoro Adeyemi Ezekiel
Published: July 2022

Different fines of rice husk ash (RHA) are typically used as a binder for soil stabilization. This study aims to assess the performance of RHA fines as a binder with lime in the improvement of plasticity and compaction characteristics of stabilized soil. Consistency limits, particle sieve analysis, and compaction tests were conducted on the natural lateritic soil, while consistency limits and compaction tests were conducted on the stabilized lateritic soil. The tests conformed to BS 1377 (1990). The chemical compositions of the RHA were assessed. Lateritic soil samples were mixed with lime in the proportions of 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% by weight of dry soil. Plasticity Index (PI) was used as the determinant of optimum performance of lime-stabilized lateritic soil and this was obtained at 8% of lime addition. Thereafter, binder ratios (Lime: RHA) of 0:8, 2:6, 4:4, 6:2, and 8:0 were employed in the blending of the lateritic soil. The Plasticity Index (PI) of the stabilized soil were generally lowered to 7.82%, 21.36%, 18.97%, 19.71%, 15.03% when stabilized with BR2:675μm, BR4:475μm, BR6:275μm, BR2:6300μm and BR6:2300μm respectively. All binder ratios containing both lime and RHA size of 75 μm reduced the PI. Also, the effect of all binder ratios containing both lime and all RHA sizes showed increment in the Maximum Dry Density (MDD). Similarly, soil stabilized with BR2:6150μm, BR4:475μm, BR4:4150μm, BR4:4300μm, BR6:2150μm and BR6:2300μm offered a lowered OMC. 75μm RHA and BR4:475μm had the potential to improve Lime-RHA stabilized lateritic soil mixture especially for road application.
Effect of Tool Design on the Mechanical Properties of Bobbin Friction Stir Welded High-Density Polyethylene Sheets: Experimental Study
Authors: Bouha Djilali , Khellafi Habib , Ould Chikh El Bahri , Meddah Hadj Miloud , Kaou Abdellah
Published: July 2022

Welding polymers by the friction stir welding (FSW) technique is one assembly process among several known assembly techniques which consists in welding two materials without filler material. The FSW process is based on the generation of heat due to friction and material deformation under an axial force. Among the main aspects affecting material flow, the choice of welding tool geometry has become of great interest to improve the welds quality. The main objective of this work is the welding of polymers using the FSW technique. A new method of welding HDPE (high density polyethylene) plates, called BT-FSW (bobbin tool friction stir welding) was developed. Standard rectangular shape intended for the distribution of natural gas has been successfully welded by BT-FSW. Tensile tests and hardness measurements were carried out on samples cut from the welded sheets and the results were analyzed to compare the mechanical characteristics of the plates welded by the BT-FSW and conventional FSW (C-FSW) processes. The results of the comparative studies on the micro-hardness characteristics and mechanical properties of the two welding processes indicate that welding using the bobbin tool can significantly reduce hardness and improve both weld formation and mechanical properties of joints. This study showed that the design of the welding tool has a big impact on the weld strength. An improvement in the mechanical properties of the specimens welded by BT-FSW was observed to give a better welding quality for the polymers studied.
Overcoming T-cell exhaustion in glioblastoma
Authors: Wang Xuya , Wang Xisen , Li Jiabo
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy is typically ineffective against glioblastoma (GBM) due to inherent and adaptive resistance. Initial immunotherapy results for GBM have been disappointing. In this regard, T-cell exhaustion is a major barrier to successful treatment. The recognition of exhausted CD8+ T cell (Tex) pedigree is currently undergoing a paradigm shift. This review introduces major findings in this field to provide an up-to-date perspective on epigenetic, transcriptional, metabolic, and spatial heterogeneity, as well as interactions with tumor microenvironment cells of anti-tumoral CD8+ Tex from the following aspects: (i) Epigenetic and transcriptional mechanisms underlying T-cell exhaustion, (ii) Metabolic factors underpinning T-cell exhaustion, (iii) Contribution of multiple cell types to T-cell exhaustion, (iv) Occurrence of T-cell exhaustion at multiple locations, and (v) T-cell exhaustion may not always be terminal. These novel insights afford a wide range of new therapeutic approaches to overcome T-cell exhaustion in GBM.
Determinants of Health-Related Quality of Life in South Indian Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach
Authors: Bodhare Trupti , Bele Samir , Nallasivan Subramanian , Anto J. Vijay
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

The burden associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is substantial, leading to pain, suffering, impaired physical function, disability and deterioration in quality of life of the patients. Very few studies evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and its determinants have been published among RA patients in Southern India. The aim of the present study is to investigate the various dimensions of HRQOL and its relationship with various sociodemographic characteristics, functional status and disease activity using a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach in patients with RA.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted among 110 patients attending tertiary care teaching hospital. SF 36 was used to assess the HRQOL. Disease activity score-28 (DAS28) was used to measure the disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI) was used for measurement of functional disability. SEM analysis was performed to test and evaluate the structural relationships of the model using R Programming.

Results:

The mean age of patients was 44.85 ± 11.25 years and 92 (83.6%) were female. Lower HRQOL scores were obtained in the domain of role functioning/physical 48.86 (±40.55), general health 48.27 (±14.92) and physical functioning 40.45 (±23.76). SEM results showed that HAQ–DI and DAS28 were covariance with each other (r = 0.54, P = 0.039), HAQ-DI was a significant predictor of GenPHYS (P = 0.001) and DAS28 was a significant predictor of GenPHYS (P = 0.001) and GenMENT (0.025).

Conclusions:

Impact of RA was substantial in both physical and mental domains of HRQOL. The functional disability was having an impact on physical health, whereas disease activity was associated with physical and mental health domains of HRQOL.
Infections Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Tackling Two Devils in the Deep Blue Sea
Authors: Suzuki Katsunori , Tanaka Yoshiya
Published: July 2022

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a quintessential systemic autoimmune disease with multiorgan involvement. Although its pathology has been elucidated and therapeutic advances are being made, infections remain the leading cause of death in SLE. In addition to immune abnormalities caused by SLE itself, the use of nonspecific glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants during treatment induces a state of immune suppression, increasing the risk of infection. Bacterial infections are the most common, but impaired cell-mediated immunity may also lead to the development of opportunistic infections, as well as viral and fungal infections. When treating SLE, caution is required for the development of infectious complications, such as latent tuberculosis, de novo hepatitis B, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP), herpes zoster, and cytomegalovirus infection. Vaccination is recommended for vaccine-preventable diseases for appropriate management of infections. For other infectious diseases, such as tuberculosis, PJP, and disseminated herpes zoster, adequate treatment is necessary.
Indian Rural Lands and Shortages of Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Nayyar Abhishek Singh
Published: July 2022

Context and Aim:

The shortage of healthcare professionals in rural areas contributes toward discriminatory healthcare delivery. The present study was planned with similar intent and aimed to evaluate the perception of dental students regarding their future in rural areas.

Materials and Methods:

The present study was designed as a cross-sectional study comprising a 30-item questionnaire survey instrument distributed among a total of 550 dental students, while the results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 12.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). Independent Student's t-test and one-way analysis of variance were used for comparison among the variables, while Chi-square test was used to determine the association between the variables. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

No significant difference was observed in the attitudes based on gender (P = 0.43), though a statistically significant difference was observed in the attitude of students based on the year of their education with a positive attitude toward rural dental practice generally noted in the 1st-year Bachelor of Dental Surgery students, which significantly declined with the increasing level of education (P = 0.01).

Conclusions:

Dental students are more influenced by the negative aspects of rural dental practice though they have, in their mind, a positive approach to the same at the beginning of their education, this significantly declined with the increasing level of their education.
Assessment of Knowledge about Nanotechnology in Dentistry amongst Dental Post Graduate Students in India
Authors: Dharmatti Shweta , Bargale Seema , Dave Bhavna , Deshpande Anshula Neeraj , Khandelwal Jayesh Rupesh , Jain Sejal
Published: July 2022

Introduction:

Nanodentistry is one of the most emerging and widely expanding branches in the field of dentistry. The maintenance of near perfect oral health through the use of nanomaterials, biotechnology, including tissue engineering, and nanorobotics can be made possible.

Aim:

The present study aimed to assess the knowledge about nanotechnology in dentistry among postgraduate dental students in India on the basis of questionnaire.

Materials and Methods:

A structured 20 questionnaire was validated by subject experts in the field of dentistry. The postgraduate students in the field of dentistry in India were approached and were provided with the validated questionnaire for an online survey. The questionnaire was randomly distributed among various postgraduate dental students across India, which evaluated 328 students in total. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were carried out in the present study.

Results:

On assessing the data statistically, out of 328 participants, 44.80% were from I MDS, 35.40% were from II MDS, and 19.80% were from III MDS. The postgraduate dental students in India had adequate knowledge regarding fourteen out of twenty questions. The students, however, did not have adequate knowledge regarding six questions which comprised history, tools, and techniques about nanotechnology in dentistry.

Conclusion:

The study was able to assess that postgraduate dental students in India had adequate knowledge regarding nanomaterials used in dentistry; however, knowledge regarding techniques and tools in nanotechnology was not satisfactory.
Sonography, Color Doppler, and Power Doppler Evaluation of Palpable Breast Masses with Pathological Correlation
Authors: Jain Soumya , Phatak Suresh Vasant
Published: July 2022

Background:

The study was performed to analyze the accuracy of each of the techniques used in ultrasonography of breast in differentiating benign and malignant masses of the breast. The techniques under evaluation were B-mode, color Doppler, and power Doppler.

Materials and Methods:

It was a prospective, cross-sectional study involving 240 female patients who were clinically suspected to have a breast mass. The patients were referred to the Department of Radiodiagnosis, AVBRH, where they underwent ultrasonography with Aloka Hitachi USG Machine Arietta S70 with high-frequency linear probe (12–15 MHz) followed by Doppler assessment.

Results:

Of 240 patients that were included in the study, histologically, 73 (30.4%) patients were diagnosed with breast carcinoma, 167 (69.6%) were diagnosed with benign breast lesions. Gray scale ultrasonography had the highest accuracy with sensitivity of 90.4%, specificity of 92.8%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 84.6%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.68%, followed by color Doppler having sensitivity of 89%, specificity of 87.1%, PPV of 87.69%, and NPV of 88.5%. Power Doppler had sensitivity of 82.19%, specificity of 89.22%, PPV of 76.9%, and NPV of 91.98%. The combined sensitivity and NPV of sonography, spectral color Doppler and power Doppler were found to be more, i.e., 91.78% and 95.97%, respectively.

Conclusions:

Breast malignancy is a very prevalent and common issue in India as well as in the rest of the world. Sonography has proven to be more accurate in differentiating benign from malignant masses of the breast. Color Doppler and power Doppler findings in conjunction with gray scale ultrasonography findings can help in early detection and give a better understanding of the type of lesion based on the tissue vascularity. This could also be used as an effective first-look screening tool to assess patients who are at high risk for breast carcinomas.
Key Food Hygiene Behaviors to Reduce Microbial Contamination of Complementary Foods in Rural Bangladesh
Authors: Müller-Hauser Anna A. , Sobhan Shafinaz , Huda Tarique Md. Nurul , Waid Jillian L. , Wendt Amanda S. , Islam Mohammad Aminul , Rahman Mahbubur , Gabrysch Sabine
Published: July 2022

Microbial contamination of complementary foods puts young children at risk of developing intestinal infections and could be reduced by improved handwashing and food hygiene practices. We aimed to identify which promoted food hygiene practices are associated with reduced complementary food contamination in a rural population in Bangladesh. We collected cross-sectional data on reported and observed maternal food hygiene behaviors and measured Escherichia coli counts as an indicator of microbial contamination in complementary food samples from 342 children of women enrolled in the Food and Agricultural Approaches to Reducing Malnutrition trial in Sylhet, Bangladesh. We used multivariable logistic regression to examine associations of food hygiene behaviors with food contamination. Approximately 46% of complementary food samples had detectable levels of Escherichia coli. Handwashing with soap at critical times and fresh preparation of food before feeding were strongly associated with reduced odds of food sample contamination (odds ratio [OR]: 0.8, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.6–0.9 and OR: 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1–0.7, respectively); in contrast, there was no or only weak evidence that reheating of stored food, safe food storage, and cleanliness of feeding utensils reduced contamination. Reduction in food contamination could be more than halved only when several food hygiene behaviors were practiced in combination. In conclusion, single food hygiene practices showed limited potential and a combined practice of multiple food hygiene behaviors may be needed to achieve a substantial reduction of complementary food contamination.