bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contentious baselining: The politics of “pre-drilling” environmental measures in shale gas territory
Authors: Kinchy Abby
Published: September 2019

Ignorance about baseline conditions can be advantageous to companies that are suspected of causing environmental harm, because it allows them to claim that perhaps the degradation was a pre-existing problem. In the case of Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction in Pennsylvania (USA), gas well operators have created strategic ignorance about and through baselines in at least two ways: (1) drawing attention to weaknesses in the documentation of past environmental states and (2) controlling access to data that was collected in the past. This case further reveals that ordinary individuals and environmental organizations have taken an active interest in producing environmental baselines, separate from any formal regulatory process that might call for them. However, public participation in baselining does not occur on a level playing field, and it is a weak strategy for holding polluters accountable.
Appendicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia in the Differential Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis: Sonographic Findings
Authors: Whittle Carolina , Pérez Lizbet , Cortes Marcela , Switt Margarita , Aguirre Javiera , Castro Alex
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

To describe sonographic findings of appendicular lymphoid hyperplasia (ALH) and to report demographic data of patients with ALH operated for acute appendicitis (AA).

Materials and Methods:

In a retrospective study, 694 biopsies of consecutive AA surgeries with previous ultrasonography (US) were reviewed, after selecting the ALH cases.

Results:

Twenty-five ALH cases were proved histologically (3.8% of appendectomies). The mean age was 13 years, with 84% under 20 years. US findings showed increased appendiceal diameter (average 7 mm) (82%), hypoechogenic pseudonodular mucosal thickening (50%), concentric parietal thickening (13%), and periappendiceal inflammatory changes (18%). In four cases, a normal appendix was noted on US, with two associated with intestinal intussusceptions.

Conclusion:

ALH is a benign entity most frequent in children that can predispose to AA. Both pathologies can increase the appendiceal diameter. In the pediatric group, ALH could be considered when hypoechogenic pseudonodular appendicular mucosal thickening in the absence of periappendiceal inflammatory changes occurs.
Baricitinib reverses HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders in a SCID mouse model and reservoir seeding in vitro
Authors: Gavegnano Christina , Haile Woldeab B. , Hurwitz Selwyn , Tao Sijia , Jiang Yong , Schinazi Raymond F. , Tyor William R.
Published: September 2019

Background

Since HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HANDs) occur in up to half of HIV-positive individuals, even with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), adjunctive therapies are needed. Chronic CNS inflammation contributes to HAND and HIV encephalitis (HIVE). Baricitinib is a JAK 1/2 inhibitor approved in the USA, EU, and Japan for rheumatoid arthritis, demonstrating potent inhibition of IL-6, D-dimer, CRP, TNF-α, IFN-α/β, and other pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Methods

Our modified murine HAND model was used to evaluate the ability of baricitinib to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and modulate monocyte/macrophage-driven HAND. Severity of HAND was measured by assessing cognitive performance of low- and high-dose baricitinib treated versus untreated HAND mice. The severity of brain neuroinflammation was evaluated in these mouse groups after flow cytometric analyses. We also assessed the ability of baricitinib to block events in myeloid and lymphoid cells in vitro that may undergird the persistence of HIV in the central nervous system (CNS) in primary human macrophages (Mϕ) and lymphocytes including HIV replication, HIV-induced activation, reservoir expansion, and reservoir maintenance.

Results

In vivo, both doses of 10 and 50 mg/kg qd baricitinib crossed the BBB and reversed behavioral abnormalities conferred by HIV infection. Moreover, baricitinib significantly reduced HIV-induced neuroinflammation marked by glial activation: activated microglia (MHCII+/CD45+) and astrogliosis (GFAP). Baricitinib also significantly reduced the percentage of p24+ human macrophages in mouse brains (p < 0.05 versus HAND mice;ttest). In vitro, baricitinib significantly reduced markers of persistence, reservoir size, and reseeding in Mϕ.

Conclusion

These results show that blocking the JAK/STAT pathway reverses cognitive deficits and curtails inflammatory markers in HAND in mice. Our group recently reported safety and tolerability of ruxolitinib in HIV-infected individuals (Marconi et al., Safety, tolerability and immunologic activity of ruxolitinib added to suppressive ART, 2019), underscoring potential safety and utility of JAK inhibitors for additional human trials. The data reported herein coupled with our recent human trial with JAK inhibitors provide compelling preclinical data and impetus for considering a trial of baricitinib in HAND individuals treated with cART to reverse cognitive deficits and key events driving viral persistence.
Multiple solutions of fourth-order difference equations with different boundary conditions
Authors: Long Yuhua , Wang Shaohong , Chen Jiali
Published: September 2019

In the present paper, a class of fourth-order nonlinear difference equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions or periodic boundary conditions are considered. Based on the invariant sets of descending flow in combination with the mountain pass lemma, we establish a series of sufficient conditions on the existence of multiple solutions for these boundary value problems. In addition, some examples are provided to demonstrate the applicability of our results.
Architectural and functional classification of smart grid solutions
Authors: Wenderoth Friederike , Drayer Elisabeth , Schmoll Robert , Niedermeier Michael , Braun Martin
Published: September 2019

Historically, the power distribution grid was a passive system with limited control capabilities. Due to its increasing digitalization, this paradigm has shifted: the passive architecture of the power system itself, which includes cables, lines, and transformers, is extended by a communication infrastructure to become an active distribution grid. This transformation to an active system results from control capabilities that combine the communication and the physical components of the grid. It aims at optimizing, securing, enhancing, or facilitating the power system operation. The combination of power system, communication, and control capabilities is also referred to as a “smart grid”. A multitude of different architectures exist to realize such integrated systems. They are often labeled with descriptive terms such as “distributed,” “decentralized,” “local,” or “central." However, the actual meaning of these terms varies considerably within the research community.This paper illustrates the conflicting uses of prominent classification terms for the description of smart grid architectures. One source of this inconsistency is that the development of such interconnected systems is not only in the hands of classic power engineering but requires input from neighboring research disciplines such as control theory and automation, information and telecommunication technology, and electronics. This impedes a clear classification of smart grid solutions. Furthermore, this paper proposes a set of well-defined operation architectures specialized for use in power systems. Based on these architectures, this paper defines clear classifiers for the assessment of smart grid solutions. This allows the structural classification and comparison between different smart grid solutions and promotes a mutual understanding between the research disciplines. This paper presents revised parts of Chapters 4.2 and 5.2 of the dissertation of Drayer (Resilient Operation of Distribution Grids with Distributed-Hierarchical Architecture. Energy Management and Power System Operation, vol. 6, 2018).
Virtualising redundancy of power equipment controllers using software-defined networking
Authors: von Tüllenburg Ferdinand , Dorfinger Peter , Veichtlbauer Armin , Pache Ulrich , Langthaler Oliver , Kapoun Helmut , Bischof Christian , Kupzog Friederich
Published: September 2019

Power system automation is heavily dependent on the reliable interconnection of power system field equipment and centralised control applications. Particularly important to achieve reliability in automated power systems is the redundant connection of field equipment controllers. Today, the fundamental redundancy management and switch-over processes are handled by the power system control applications itself. This, however, increases the complexity of the control systems and leads to an intersection of concerns. Consequently, the design and the implementation of field equipment controller redundancy is time-consuming and cost-intensive.

In this paper, we propose the implementation of a redundancy virtualisation layer for power system controllers based on software-defined networking (SDN). The goal is to relieve the control applications from managing field level redundancy. Thus, our SDN approach allows to detect gateway failures and to perform transparent switch-overs. This significantly simplifies the configuration of the control application with redundant components and finally leads to more flexible and simplified redundancy design, deployment and operation. Arbitrary redundancy topologies, such as triple-controller-redundancy can be implemented without modifying the control applications.
Visualizing and gamifying consumption data for resource saving: challenges, lessons learnt and a research agenda for the future
Authors: Fraternali Piero , Cellina Francesca , Herrera Gonzales Sergio Luis , Melenhorst Mark , Novak Jasminko , Pasini Chiara , Rottondi Cristina , Rizzoli Andrea Emilio
Published: September 2019

In this paper we present insights drawn from recent research projects aimed at developing visualization and gamification tools to stimulate individual behaviour change and promote energy and water saving. We address both the design of resource-saving programmes and the methodologies to assess their effectiveness. We conclude by presenting a vision for the future and discussing open issues that could lead future research directions in the field of behavioural change approaches to resource sustainability.
Pool detection from smart metering data with convolutional neural networks
Authors: Ferner Cornelia , Eibl Günther , Unterweger Andreas , Burkhart Sebastian , Wegenkittl Stefan
Published: September 2019

The nationwide rollout of smart meters in private households raises privacy concerns: Is it possible to extract privacy-sensitive information from a household’s power consumption? For a small sample of 869 Upper Austrian households, information about consumption-heavy amenities and household characteristics are available. This work studies the detection of households with swimming pools (the most common amenity in the dataset) using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) applied on load heatmaps constructed from load profiles. Although only a small dataset is available, results show that by using CNNs, privacy can be broken automatically, i.e., without the time-consuming, manual feature generation. The method even slightly outperforms a previous approach that relies on a nearest neighbor classifier with engineered features.
Using Structural Analysis In Silico to Assess the Impact of Missense Variants in MEN1
Authors: Caswell Richard C , Owens Martina M , Gunning Adam C , Ellard Sian , Wright Caroline F
Published: September 2019

Despite the rapid expansion in recent years of databases reporting either benign or pathogenic genetic variations, the interpretation of novel missense variants remains challenging, particularly for clinical or genetic testing laboratories where functional analysis is often unfeasible. Previous studies have shown that thermodynamic analysis of protein structure in silico can discriminate between groups of benign and pathogenic missense variants. However, although structures exist for many human disease‒associated proteins, such analysis remains largely unexploited in clinical laboratories. Here, we analyzed the predicted effect of 338 known missense variants on the structure of menin, the MEN1 gene product. Results provided strong discrimination between pathogenic and benign variants, with a threshold of >4 kcal/mol for the predicted change in stability, providing a strong indicator of pathogenicity. Subsequent analysis of seven novel missense variants identified during clinical testing of patients with MEN1 showed that all seven were predicted to destabilize menin by >4 kcal/mol. We conclude that structural analysis provides a useful tool in understanding the effect of missense variants in MEN1 and that integration of proteomic with genomic data could potentially contribute to the classification of novel variants in this disease.
Testosterone Treatment in Infants With 47,XXY: Effects on Body Composition
Authors: Davis Shanlee M , Reynolds Regina M , Dabelea Dana M , Zeitler Philip S , Tartaglia Nicole R
Published: September 2019

Context

Boys with XXY have greater adiposity and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Infants with XXY have lower testosterone concentrations than typical boys, but no studies have evaluated adiposity in infants with XXY or the physiologic effects of giving testosterone replacement.

Objective

To determine the effect of testosterone on body composition in infants with XXY.

Design

Prospective, randomized trial.

Setting

Tertiary care pediatric referral center.

Participants

20 infants 6 to 15 weeks of age with 47,XXY.

Intervention

Testosterone cypionate 25 mg intramuscularly monthly for three doses vs no treatment.

Main Outcome Measures

Difference in change in adiposity (percent fat mass z scores); other body composition measures, penile length, and safety outcomes between treated and untreated infants; and comparison with typical infants.

Results

The increase in percent fat mass (%FM) z scores was greater in the untreated group than in the treated group (+0.92 ± 0.62 vs −0.12 ± 0.65, P = 0.004). Increases in secondary outcomes were greater in the testosterone-treated group for total mass, fat-free mass, length z score, stretched penile length, and growth velocity (P < 0.002 for all). At 5 months of age, adiposity in untreated infants with XXY was 26.7% compared with 23.2% in healthy male infants of the same age (P = 0.0037); there was no difference in %FM between the treated XXY boys and controls. Reported side effects were minimal and self-limited; no serious adverse events occurred.

Conclusions

Adiposity of untreated infants was 15% greater than that of male controls by 5 months of age. Testosterone treatment for infants with XXY resulted in positive changes in body composition.
Multidirectional Rememory: Slavery and the Holocaust in John A. Williams’s Clifford’s Blues
Authors: Tabone Mark A.
Published: September 2019

This article focuses on the representation of history in African American author John A. Williams’s 1999 novel, Clifford’s Blues, a fictional account of a Black, queer American expatriate’s internment and enslavement in a Nazi concentration camp. Through a critical perspective that incorporates the imaginative recovery of (often silenced) history that Toni Morrison (1987) called “rememory,” along with what Holocaust scholar Michael Rothberg (2009) calls “multidirectional memory,” this article details Williams’s daring exploration of spaces of overlap between the histories of American slavery, Jim Crow, and the Nazi Holocaust. The article demonstrates how the novel’s unconventional and controversial emplotment allows Williams to create a distinctive historical critique not only of slavery and the Holocaust but, more broadly, of otherization, racialized violence, and modernity itself, while making a number of historiographic interventions. These include inscribing a largely absent history of the experience of Black people affected by the Holocaust and the mapping of theretofore underacknowledged resonances between American and German ideologies and practices. Through its transnational, transcultural “multidirectionality,” the novel opens up a broad, structural critique of apartheid everywhere; however, this article also argues that the novel also offers models for liberatory communities of resistance. The article demonstrates how Williams accomplishes this through his novel’s allegorical and literal use of the blues.
Adaptive Affective Cognition in Literature and Its Impact on Legal Reason and Social Practice
Authors: Alcorn Marshall , O’Neill Michael
Published: September 2019

The concept of adaptive affective cognition is developed to explain the affective impact of Richard Wright’s novel Native Son on the judicial reasoning of the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case of 1954. Although research in neuroscience clearly argues that affect contributes decisively to reason, few essays examine the processes, particularity, and significance of this contribution to literary experience. The authors use historical evidence to argue that the affective impact of Native Son reorganized cognitive practices authorized by segregation. Adaptive affective cognition explains the paradox of how Native Son, while triggering racist fears with the image of the violent, angry black man, also paradoxically reduced those fears.
On Punishment and Why We Enjoy It in Fiction
Authors: Vaage Margrethe Bruun
Published: September 2019

The article proposes an explanation for why spectators may enjoy excessive punishment when watching fiction, even in Scandinavia where harsh punishment is roundly condemned. Excessive punishment is typically carried out by a vigilante avenger, and in fiction this character is often a fantastic character (e.g., not realistic, taking on superhuman and/or supernatural characteristics). We allow ourselves to enjoy punishment more readily when the character who punishes is clearly fictional. In The Girl with the Dragon Tattoo and Let the Right One In, fantastic elements seep into an otherwise realistic setting and allow the spectator to fully enjoy the main characters’ vigilante revenge. The theory of fictional reliefs posited here holds that this mixture of modes facilitates one of two paths to moral judgment.
Rhetorical and Pedagogical Interventions for Countering Microaggressions
Authors: Diab Rasha , Godbee Beth , Burrows Cedric , Ferrel Thomas
Published: September 2019

This article names microaggressions as a rhetorical and pedagogical phenomenon. To make the case for rhetorical and pedagogical intervention, the authors define and trace microaggressions in literature from rhetoric, composition, and literacy studies; share cross-disciplinary understandings of microaggressions; and offer illustrations from sites of research, teaching, and service.
Drosophila melanogaster: a simple system for understanding complexity
Authors: Mohr Stephanie E. , Perrimon Norbert
Published: September 2019

Understanding human gene function is fundamental to understanding and treating diseases. Research using the model organism Drosophila melanogaster benefits from a wealth of molecular genetic resources and information useful for efficient in vivo experimentation. Moreover, Drosophila offers a balance as a relatively simple organism that nonetheless exhibits complex multicellular activities. Recent examples demonstrate the power and continued promise of Drosophila research to further our understanding of conserved gene functions.
Iodine quantification and detectability thresholds among major dual-energy CT platforms
Authors: Taylor Ross Edward , Mager Pamela , Yu Nam C. , Katz David P. , Brady Jett R. , Gupta Nakul
Published: September 2019

Objectives:

To estimate the minimum detectable iodine concentration on multiple dual-energy CT (DECT) platforms.

Methods and materials:

A phantom containing iodine concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 mg ml−1 was scanned with five dual-energy platforms (two rapid kilo volt switching (r-kVs), one dual source (DS), one sequential acquisition and one split-filter). Serial dilutions of 300 mg ml−1 iodinated contrast material were used to generate concentrations below 2 mg ml−1. Iodine density and virtual monoenergetic images were reviewed by three radiologists to determine the minimum visually detectable iodine concentration. Contrast-to-noise ratios (CNRs) were calculated.

Results:

1 mg mL−1 (~0.8 mg mL−1 corrected) was the minimum visually detectable concentration among the platforms and could be seen by all readers on the third-generation r-kVs and DS platforms.

Conclusions:

At low concentrations, CNR for monoenergetic images was highest on the DS platform and lowest in the sequential acquisition and split-filter platforms.

Advances in knowledge:

The results of this study corroborate previous in  vivo estimates of iodine detection limits at DECT and provide a comparison for the performance of different DECT platforms at low iodine concentrations in vitro.
Per-oral interstitial brachytherapy catheter insertion for boost in case of recurrent tonsillar carcinoma: dosimetry and clinical outcome
Authors: Murakami Naoya , Yoshimoto Seiichi , Nakamura Satoshi , Uematsu Masakazu , Kashihara Tairo , Takahashi Kana , Inaba Koji , Okuma Kae , Igaki Hiroshi , Nakayama Yuko , Itami Jun
Published: September 2019

High-dose-rate interstitial brachytherapy (HDR-ISBT) is relatively rarely applied for the head and neck cancer. However, its dose distribution is more confined than intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and can deliver higher dose while sparing surrounding normal tissues. In this case report, the effectiveness of HDR-ISBT as a boost following IMRT for post-operative recurrent oropharyngeal cancer patient was indicated. A 73-year-old male who developed local recurrence after surgery for oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Salvage IMRT up to 70 Gy concurrent with weekly cetuximab was planned. However, CT taken at 60 Gy found a residual tumor, then, boost HDR-ISBT was proposed. 1 week after 60 Gy of IMRT, HDR-ISBT, 12 Gy in 2 fractions, was delivered under local anesthesia. MRI taken 2 months after HDR-ISBT showed no residual tumor. It was demonstrated that boost HDR-ISBT following IMRT for local recurrence of oropharyngeal cancer was performed safely and showed favorable efficacy.
Radiological diagnostic features of uremic leontiasis ossea: a case report
Authors: Wang Jingbo , Zhao Xue , Shi Huimin , Zhu Ling , Tao Xiaofeng
Published: September 2019

Uremic leontiasis ossea (ULO), which occurs in the craniomaxillofacial region, is a sign of terminal stage osteitis fibrosa cystica or brown tumors and primarily caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by renal failure. Pathophysiological changes include osteoclasts or osteoblasts proliferation, bone resorption, bone decalcification, and connective tissue proliferation. In this paper, we report a case of a 24-year-old female patient, who was diagnosed with ULO and presented with multiple facial swellings. Imaging features included zonal patterns with alternating rings of hypo- and hyperattenuated craniomaxillofacial bones, and diffused mixed sclerotic tissues with lytic changes in CT imaging. T1 weighted image and T2 weighted image in MRI were characterized by alternating rings of low and intermediate signal intensity patterns. To the best of our knowledge, this case is the first example of pathologically proved ULO with maxillofacial MRI.
Infection resisters: targets of new research for uncovering natural protective immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Kaipilyawar Vaishnavi , Salgame Padmini
Published: September 2019

“Infection resisters” are broadly defined as individuals who despite significant exposure to Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain persistently unreactive to conventional detection assays, suggesting that they remain uninfected or rapidly clear their infection early on following exposure. In this review, we highlight recent studies that point to underlying host immune mechanisms that could mediate this natural resistance. We also illustrate some additional avenues that are likely to be differently modulated in resisters and possess the potential to be targeted, ranging from early mycobacterial sensing leading up to subsequent killing. Emerging research in this area can be harnessed to provide valuable insights into the development of novel therapeutic and vaccine strategies against M. tuberculosis.
Prefrontal cortex and cognitive control: new insights from human electrophysiology
Authors: Widge Alik S. , Heilbronner Sarah R. , Hayden Benjamin Y.
Published: September 2019

Cognitive control, the ability to regulate one’s cognition and actions on the basis of over-riding goals, is impaired in many psychiatric conditions. Although control requires the coordinated function of several prefrontal cortical regions, it has been challenging to determine how they work together, in part because doing so requires simultaneous recordings from multiple regions. Here, we provide a précis of cognitive control and describe the beneficial consequences of recent advances in neurosurgical practice that make large-scale prefrontal cortical network recordings possible in humans. Such recordings implicate inter-regional theta (5–8 Hz) local field potential (LFP) synchrony as a key element in cognitive control. Major open questions include how theta might influence other oscillations within these networks, the precise timing of information flow between these regions, and how perturbations such as brain stimulation might demonstrate the causal role of LFP phenomena. We propose that an increased focus on human electrophysiology is essential for an understanding of the neural basis of cognitive control.
Ophthalmic features of HIV associated cryptococcal meningitis in Malawian Adults: an observational study
Authors: Ellis Jayne P. , Gaskell Kate , Peirse Mary , Gormley Jack , Kalata Newton , Burgess Philip I. , Mopamboli Patty , Manda Chatonda A. , Kiire Christine A. , Maccormick Ian , Gondwe Ebbie , Molloy Síle F. , Harrison Thomas S. , Lalloo David G. , Heyderman Robert S.
Published: September 2019

Background: Cryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the commonest neurological complication in patients with advanced HIV. Visual disturbance is a frequent presenting symptom. Papilloedema is commonly reported but other ophthalmic findings are not well described.

Methods: We performed an observational study comparing severely immunocompromised HIV-infected patients with and without CM to determine the nature and prevalence of retinal pathology attributable to CM. 70 adult patients were enrolled in Blantyre Malawi, 35 with CM and 35 HIV-infected patients without CM.

Results: 79% (19/24) of CM patients examined on day one had evidence of retinal abnormalities compared to 17% (6/35) of HIV-infected controls (p <0.001). In the CM group, retinal whitening was the commonest abnormality (50%), followed by optic disc swelling (29%), haemorrhage (25%) and vascular abnormalities (7%). Retinal whitening was the only abnormality observed in the comparator group (17%). In CM, there was no significant difference between those with and without retinal abnormalities in fungal burden (13,550 cfu/ml vs. 9,150 cfu/ml; p = 0.65), CD4 count (28 cells/µl vs. 76 cells/µl; p = 0.79) or CSF opening pressure (21cm H20 vs. 27cm H20; p = 0.5).  There was no association between presence/absence of retinal abnormalities and death (40% 10-week mortality vs. 26%; p = 0.6).

Conclusions: Whether the presence of CM retinopathy could be used as a marker of disease severity warrants further investigation. The observed ophthalmic findings provide a descriptive framework for CM retinopathy to be utilised in future CM studies.

Trial registration: ISRCTN (ISRCTN45035509) 19/06/2012.
Emotions, language and the (un-)making of the social world
Authors: Minner Frédéric
Published: September 2019

What are the motivational bases that help explain the various normative judgements that social agents make, and the normative reasoning they employ? Answering this question leads us to consider the relationships between thoughts and emotions. Emotions will be described as thought-dependent and thought-directing, and as being intimately related to normativity. They are conceived as the grounds that motivate social agents to articulate their reasoning with respect to the values and norms they face and/or share in their social collective. It is argued that because they are modes of thinking, emotions generate cognitive activities that relate to the making of evaluative and deontic judgements, the utterance of speech acts, the mastering of normative concepts and the building of arguments. Furthermore, each type of emotion generates its own constitutive judgements and structures normative thinking according to its own logic. The main thesis is that emotions provide sociological explanations for social agents’ thinking and speech, for emotions are precisely what motivate and, especially, structure normative reasoning and language. Being observable in language, emotions allow us to explain a) how social subjects reason and argue through norms and values, and b) how social subjects through their speech acts can contribute to the (un-)making of the social world.
Osasun-asistentziarekin erlazionatutako infekzioen epidemiologia eta kontrola
Authors: Macho Mikele , Basaras Miren
Published: September 2019

Osasun-asistentziarekin erlazionatutako infekzioak (OAEI) hainbat osasun-eremutan osasun-arreta jasotzeagatik gaixoek paira ditzaketen infekzioak dira. Infekzio hauek ez dira gaixoetan bakarrik azaltzen; osasun-langileei, bestelako langileriari eta gaixoen bisitariei ere kalte egin diezaiekete. Infekzio hauen ondorioz, gaixoen morbilitatea eta heriotza-tasa areagotu egiten da eta, aldi berean, antimikrobianoen aurkako erresistentziak eta kostu ekonomikoak handitu egiten dira. Europa mailan % 5,7k (3,2 milioi pertsona) pairatzen du honelako infekzioa urtero eta Espainia mailan infekzio hauen prebalentzia % 4,8koa da. Espainian, OAEI usuenak dira gernubidekoa, arnasbidekoak, kokapen kirurgikoko infekzioak eta bakteriemiak. Mikroorganismo ezberdinak daude inplikatuak infekzio mota horietan, baina bakterioak dira ugarienak. Infekzioak murrizteko, funtsezkoa da osasun-eremua ahalik garbiena mantentzea, eta bertan biltzen den pertsona orok mikroorganismoen trans- misioa gutxitzeko neurriak hartzea. Hori dela eta, OAEIen zaintza eta prebentziorako neurriak aurrera eramatea funtsezkoa da ahalik paziente gutxiena kaltetzeko. Neurri horiek infekzioaren kate epidemiologikoaren elementuak moldatzera bideratuta daude eta lau taldetan sailka daitezke: neurri estandarrak, transmisio-bidearen araberako neurriak, osasun-eremuaren ingurumen neurriak eta infekzioen kontrol eta zaintzarako prozedura espezifikoak. Horien artean daude eskularruak, maskarak edo mantala jartzea; airearen edo ur laginen kontrol mikrobiologikoa; elikagaien kudeaketaren gainekoak; gaixoen eta osasun-langileen txertoen bidezko immunizazioa edo antibiotikoen bidezko profilaxia. Baina neurri horietatik garrantzitsuena eta mundu-mailan hedatuta dagoena osasun-profesionalek, bisitariek eta baita pazienteek ere burutu behar duten eskuen higienea da, hori baita infekzio hauek murrizteko ekintzarik eraginkorrena, Munduko osasun Erakundeak aipatzen duen moduan »Arreta garbia, arreta seguruagoa» kanpainan. OAEIak eragin ditzaketen mikroorganismo ohikoenak zeintzuk diren jakinik, horien transmisioa ekiditeko eta, horrela, infekzioen tratamendu egokiena aukeratzeko neurriak hobeto har daitezke.
Scientific Models and Metalinguistic Negotiation
Authors: Sambrotta Mirco
Published: September 2019

The aim of this paper is to explore the possibility that, at least, some metaphysical debates are ‘metalinguistic negotiations’ (to employ a recent term coined by David Plunkett and Timothy Sundell). I will take the dispute between the dominant approaches of realism and the anti-realism ones (especially Fictionalism) about the ontological status of scientific models as a case-study. I will argue that such a debate may be better understood as a disagreement, at bottom normatively, motivated, insofar as a normative and non-factual question may be involved in it: how the relevant piece of language ought to be used. Even though I will generally assess the prospects for a broadly deflationist approach, I shall outline a sense in which the dispute can be recast as ‘minimally substantive’.
On the membership of group 3 of the periodic table: A new approach
Authors: Labarca Martín Gabriel , Martínez González Juan Camilo
Published: September 2019

In April 2015, an international team of researchers announced the measurement, for the first time, of the first ionization energy of lawrencium, a superheavy element of atomic number 103. The experimental result, published in the prestigious scientific journal Nature, led to the reopening of a long-standing debate that concerns the elements that should be part of group 3 of the periodic table. The aim of this paper is to introduce a new line of argumentation to elucidate this problem.
El PT de Brasil: un partido de trabajadores sin trabajadores
Authors: Bolognesi Bruno , Domingos Costa Luiz , Codato Adriano
Published: September 2019

La fragmentación del sistema partidista brasileño ha sido señalada como un gran problema para el funcionamiento del sistema político y para la gobernabilidad. Sin embargo, poco se dice sobre cómo la interacción competitiva entre los partidos políticos diferentes entre si mismos afecta la composición social de los mismos y el cambio de perfil dentro de las agremiaciones políticas. Así, intentamos establecer la relación entre la fuerza organizacional de los partidos, la intereción entre ellos y la capacidad de los mismos en ofrecer espacio para candidaturas menos competitivas socialmente. La hipótesis es que cuanto mayor es la fuerza organizacional, mayor es la capacidad del partido en elegir un grupo poco inserto en la esfera representativa, los trabajadores. Los datos apuntan que el Partido de los Trabajadores (pt) es el principal responsable de la inserción de este grupo representativo en la Cámara de Diputados brasileña. Pero a lo largo de las elecciones, éste pierde capacidad de insertar la categoría que carga en su nombre. A partir del análisis de cinco elecciones nacionales con datos proporcionados por el Tribunal Superior Electoral, mostramos que parte de esta pérdida se refiere a la fragmentación del sistema partidista en el período 1998 a 2014.
El Impacto de la Instrumentalización de Organizaciones Latinoamericanas en la Integración: Tres Ilustraciones desde Chile
Authors: Dube Sébastien , Zuluaga Orozco Tatiana
Published: September 2019

El artículo plantea que el uso político y estratégico de las organizaciones regionales por parte de los actores políticos que son los gobiernos, las oposiciones y los grupos de la sociedad civil, contribuye a explicar las dificultades y la resiliencia de los procesos de integración latinoamericana. A través de la descripción de tres debates sociales y políticos que provocaron clivajes en Chile, propone mirar las lógicas políticas internas para entender la dinámica del regionalismo latinoamericano.
Estructurando la Cooperación Sino-Venezolana en Petróleo: Perspectivas desde China
Authors: Cui Shoujun , Zhou Nan
Published: September 2019

La cooperación entre China y Venezuela es estratégica, altamente complementaria y tiene características de una interdependencia compleja, construida a base de la provisión petrolera como eje principal y el modelo «préstamo por petróleo» como dinámica clave de fondo. Con la caída del precio petrolero, la presencia china en Venezuela está afrontando riesgos potenciales de incumplimiento, de inestabilidad geopolítica e, incluso, la posibilidad de una intervención norteamericana. Este artículo explora la trayectoria, modalidades, dinámicas y riesgos de la cooperación sino-venezolana desde una perspectiva china, la cual se considera como un típico modelo del paradigma de la cooperación Sur-Sur.
New data on the distribution of spider wasps (Hymenoptera, Pompilidae)
Authors: Baghirov R.T-o.
Published: September 2019

An annotated list of spider wasps collected in the circumpolar region of Western Siberia (Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District) for the first time is given. The six species are listed, of them five species are newly recorded from Tyumen Prov. and Episyron rufipes (Linnaeus, 1758) is newly recorded from Western Siberia.
Сравнительное изучение анатомического строения листьев Phlox sibirica L. и Phlox sibirica var. borealis (Wherry) B. Boivin
Authors: Butenkova A.N. , Belyaeva T.N.
Published: September 2019

Проведенное сравнительное изучение анатомии листьев Phlox sibirica и Phlox sibirica var. borealis позволило выявить, что морфометрические признаки строения листьев в 95 % случаев достоверно отличаются при уровне значимости P < 0,05. Статистически значимых отличий не было обнаружено только при определении устьичного индекса, значение которого также соответствует другим видам почвопокровных флоксов. Для изученных таксонов характерны закрытые коллатеральные пучки, аномоцитный тип устьичного аппарата и удлиненные, извилистые эпидермальные клетки. Phlox sibirica отличается большим развитием тяжей колленхимы, обеспечивающей жесткость листа даже при потере тургора, ксилемы, наиболее фотосинтетически активного слоя мезофилла (клеток верхнего слоя). Таким образом, в анатомическом строении листьев изученных флоксов выявлены признаки, свойственные для ксерофитно-гелиофитных видов, более выраженные у Phlox sibirica. Анатомия листьев изученных таксонов отражает их адаптацию к условиям с неблагоприятным водным режимом (обеспечивает поддержание нормального водного баланса) и избыточным освещением.
Justin
Authors: Ulrich Jörg
Published: September 2019

Among the polyphonic theology of the »church fathers« of the first centuries, Justin, who lived from about 100-165, who led a Christian school in Rome and died there as a martyr, contributes an important voice. He is concerned with the conversation between Christianity and pagan philosophy as well as Judaism, and in this seeks to prove the supremacy of Christianity. To accomplish this, he also emphasizes the proximity between Christianity and Platonism. His theology can be analyzed and structured in terms of ethics, anthropology, the doctrine of God and the Logos, demonology, and eschatology. The Christian tradition received and discussed Justin and his ideas up until the fourth century, while the pagan world opposed him, most strongly through the critical response of the philosopher Celsus.
Johannes Chrysostomus
Authors: Buda Daniel
Published: September 2019

This paper contains a short biography of St. John Chrysostom, as well as a presentation of his main theological points. He is the most important theologian of the so-called »Antiochian Theological School«. His writings are better known for their ethical and pastoral aspects, than for their speculative-dogmatical ideas. This paper presents the following aspects of John Chrysostom`s theology and activities: Christology, ecclesiology, the role of the Bible, the role of ethics, his portrait as pastor, the role of philosophy, John Chrysostom as supposed author of the most celebrated liturgy in the Eastern Orthodox Church.
Die polyphone Theologie der Kirchenväter. Der Beitrag des Johnnes von Damaskus
Authors: Hovorun Cyril
Published: September 2019

Can a compilation from the past be creative? Does the notion of tradition contradict the idea of innovation? The case of a Syrian theologian, who lived in the Arabic caliphate when Antiquity turned to the Middle Ages, whose name was John of Damascus, demonstrates that the answer to both questions can be positive, contrary to the common wisdom. The article explores the concepts of Tradition with capital T, traditions with lower case t, and traditionalism, through the prism of the writings of John. It argues that the best illustration to what tradition was for John, is not the famous »Black square« by Kizimir Malevich, but the Farbstudie Quadrate by Wassily Kandinsky.
A fabricação da maternidade pela grande mídia
Authors: Pereira Anderson de Carvalho , Santos Kátia Alexsandra dos
Published: September 2019

Este artigo analisa a veiculação da maternidade de celebridades em capas de revista com base na Análise do Discurso francesa. Ao dialogar com a temática da sociedade do espetáculo e da fabricação dos corpos pelo discurso, a pesquisa considera que há um lugar para o sujeito-mãe-celebridade pela via da espetacularização e da maternidade como produto.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gravidez. Maternidade. Mídia.

ABSTRACT

This article examines the placement of celebrity maternity magazine covers based on the French Discourse Analysis. When discussing the theme of the society of the show and the making of the bodies by the discourse, the research considers that there is a place for the subject-mother-celebrity through spectacularization and maternity as a product.

KEYWORDS: Pregnancy. Motherhood. Mass Media.
Arquitetura e gênero: os desafios da formação profissional e do mercado de trabalho
Authors: Genovez Patrícia Falco , Duarte Thamiris da Silva
Published: September 2019

Essa pesquisa trata da questão de gênero tanto na formação profissional quanto no mercado de trabalho da Arquitetura. Nesse aspecto, abordamos elementos do processo histórico relacionados à questão de gênero, destacando os desafios enfrentados pelas mulheres tanto para chegarem à academia quanto para se estabelecerem na profissão.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: arquitetura. Gênero. Formação Acadêmica. Mercado de Trabalho.

 

ABSTRACT:

This research deals with gender issue in the professional training and in the architecture job space as well. Having this in mind, we approach some dimensions of the historic process which relate to the gender issue, highlighting some challenges faced by women in their way to academy and in their professional settlement in job market.

 KEY WORDS: Architecture. Gender. Academic Training. Job Market.
Os perfis femininos nas narrativas de Clodoaldo Freitas
Authors: Colaço Cleanne Nayara Galiza , Sousa Fabiana dos Santos
Published: September 2019

O artigo apresenta um estudo das obras Coisas da Vida, Os Barretos, A besta humana e Mãe dolorosa, de Clodoaldo Freitas, com ênfase na análise das personagens femininas. Com isso, busca-se traçar os perfis femininos presentes em tais obras e notar a punição sofrida por aquelas que transgrediram os padrões da sociedade do século XIX.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Perfis femininos. Transgressão. Século XIX. Punição.

 

ABSTRACT

The article presents a study of the works Things in life, The Barretos, The human beast and The mother in pain, by Clodoaldo Freitas, with emphasis on the analysis of female characters. With this, it sought to trace the feminine profiles present in such works and to note the punishment suffered by those who have transgressed the standards of nineteenth-century society.

KEYWORDS: Female profiles. Transgression. XIX century. Punishment.
Lúcia Miguel Pereira, autora de contos infantis
Authors: Almeida Edwirgens Aparecida Ribeiro Lopes de
Published: September 2019

PEREIRA, Lúcia Miguel.  A Fada menina. Porto Alegre: Edição da Livraria do Globo, 1939.

PEREIRA, Lúcia Miguel. Maria e seus bonecos. A filha do Rio Verde e Na floresta mágica. Rio de Janeiro: Gráfica O Cruzeiro, 1943.
Construções de gênero na América Latina na década de 1920
Authors: Gomes Maria Adaiza Lima
Published: September 2019

Este trabalho tem o objetivo de discutir como as construções e reproduções de discursos de gênero em torno da ideia de “mulher moderna” presentes na revista ilustrada fortalezense Ba-ta-clan dialogaram com as difundidas em revistas publicadas em outros países da América Latina na década de 1920.

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Revistas femininas. Gênero. Comportamento.

 

ABSTRACT

This work aims to discuss how the constructions and reproductions of gender discourses around the idea of ​​"modern woman" present in the illustrated magazine strengthen Ba-ta-clan dialogued with those published in journals published in other Latin American countries in the decade 1920.

 

KEYWORDS: Women's magazines. Genre. Behavior.
Disciplinar o corpo e apurar a raça
Authors: Braga Isabel Drumond
Published: September 2019

Utilizando a concetualização de disciplinamento social, o texto tem como objetivo perceber como se sensibilizam as mulheres para a prática do exercício físico, nas páginas da revista Fémina, ao longo da década de 1930. Procurando captá-las através de um discurso que apelou à vaidade, em muitos artigos o que esteve em causa foi a obtenção de um corpo saudável com vista a gerar crianças robustas, de acordo com os ideais políticos da época.

 

 

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Ginástica. Fémina. Raça. Portugal. anos de 1930.

 

 

ABSTRACT

Using the conception of social discipline, the text aims to understand how women are sensitized to the practice of physical exercise, in the pages of Fémina magazine, throughout the decade of 1930. Looking to capture them through a speech that appealed to vanity, in many articles, what was at stake was the attainment of a healthy body in order to generate robust children, according to the political ideals of the time.

 

KEYWORDS: Gymnastics. Fémina. Race. Portugal. 1930s.
“O que nós queremos que nossas raparigas sejam”
Authors: Amaral Walter Valdevino do
Published: September 2019

Nesse trabalho analisaremos a revista Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina: boletim mensal, que circulou em Portugal entre os anos de 1939 a 1947, período marcado pelo salazarismo. Assim, discutiremos as características desse periódico, o modelo de mulher por ele propagado e o papel social que as filiadas da Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina deveriam desempenhar.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Gênero. Religião. Imprensa. Portugal.

 

ABSTRACT

In this paper we will analyze the magazine called Mocidade Portuguesa Feminina: boletim mensal, which circulated in Portugal between the years of 1939 and 1947, a period marked by Salazarism. Thus, we will discuss the characteristics of this journal, which model of women it propagated and the social role that affiliates of the Portuguese Feminine Youth should play.

KEYWORDS: Gender. Religion. Press. Portugal.
Homem ideal em revista no Jornal das Moças (anos 1950)
Authors: Rosa Lucas Santos , Pilla Maria Cecilia Barreto Amorim
Published: September 2019

Cada período constrói estereótipos e seus próprios meios e regramentos que podem ser veiculados de diversas formas, os periódicos podem ser importantes maneiras de divulgar esses padrões, incutir ensinamentos, moldar categorias. Dessa forma é que o presente artigo pretende conhecer modelos que corresponderiam ao desejado “homem ideal”, o tão almejado “bom para casar”, que garantiria uma vida familiar segura e digna. Para tanto, constituem fontes dessa pesquisa a revista Jornal das Moças ao longo dos anos 1950, um periódico quinzenal que dirigido às mulheres das classes médias das cidades brasileiras aconselharam suas leitoras a buscarem idealizações de si mesmas e que em sua íntima procura e responsabilidade seriam capazes de encontrar seus pares que revelariam qualidades a elas complementares correspondentes ao companheiro “ideal”.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: “homem ideal”; “marido ideal”, estereótipo do masculino.

 

ABSTRACT

Each period builds stereotypes and its own means and regulations that can be conveyed in different ways, journals can be important ways to disseminate these standards, instill teachings, shape categories. In this way, the present article intends to know models that would correspond to the desired "ideal man", the longed for "good to marry", that would guarantee a safe and dignified family life. Therefore, the sources of this research is the “Jornal das Moças” during the 1950s, a biweekly magazine aimed at middle-class women in Brazilian cities that advised their readers to seek idealizations of themselves and that in their intimate search and responsibility they would be able to find their peers who would reveal complementary qualities corresponding to their "ideal" companion.

KEYWORDS: “ideal man”, “ideal husband”, male stereotype
After thought: Why not a prism?
Authors: Flockemann Miki
Published: September 2019

This paper is a reflective retrospective that suggests a new image of multilingualism. Instead of a "cat's cradle", the author proposes viewing multilingualism as a prism through which to view languages as different but non hirarchical and equal in value.