bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D-AttenNet model can predict clinically significant prostate cancer in PI-RADS category 3 patients: a retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Bao Jie , Zhao Litao , Qiao Xiaomeng , Li Zhenkai , Ji Yanting , Su Yueting , Ji Libiao , Shen Junkang , Liu Jiangang , Tian Jie , Wang Ximing , Shen Hailin , Hu Chunhong
Published: January 2025

Purposes

The presence of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) is equivocal for patients with prostate imaging reporting and data system (PI-RADS) category 3. We aim to develop deep learning models for re-stratify risks in PI-RADS category 3 patients.

Methods

This retrospective study included a bi-parametric MRI of 1567 consecutive male patients from six centers (Centers 1–6) between Jan 2015 and Dec 2020. Deep learning models with double channel attention modules based on MRI (AttenNet) for predicting PCa and csPCa were constructed separately. Each model was first pretrained using 1144 PI-RADS 1–2 and 4–5 images and then retrained using 238 PI-RADS 3 images from three training centers (centers 1–3), and tested using 185 PI-RADS 3 images from the other three testing centers (centers 4–6).

Results

Our AttenNet models achieved excellent prediction performances in testing cohort of center 4–6 with the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC) of 0.795 (95% CI: [0.700, 0.891]), 0.963 (95% CI: [0.915, 1]) and 0.922 (95% CI: [0.810, 1]) in predicting PCa, and the corresponding AUCs were 0.827 (95% CI: [0.703, 0.952]) and 0.926 (95% CI: [0.846, 1]) in predicting csPCa in testing cohort of center 4 and center 5. In particular, 71.1% to 92.2% of non-csPCa patients were identified by our model in three testing cohorts, who can spare from invasive biopsy or RP procedure.

Conclusions

Our model offers a noninvasive screening clinical tool to re-stratify risks in PI-RADS 3 patients, thereby reducing unnecessary invasive biopsies and improving the effectiveness of biopsies.

Critical relevance statement

The deep learning model with MRI can help to screen out csPCa in PI-RADS category 3.

Key Points

AttenNet models included channel attention and soft attention modules.

71.1–92.2% of non-csPCa patients were identified by the AttenNet model.

The AttenNet models can be a screen clinical tool to re-stratify risks in PI-RADS 3 patients.

Graphical Abstract
Imaging of elbow entrapment neuropathies
Authors: Albano Domenico , Di Rocco Gabriella , Gitto Salvatore , Serpi Francesca , Fusco Stefano , Vitali Paolo , Galia Massimo , Messina Carmelo , Sconfienza Luca Maria
Published: January 2025

Entrapment neuropathies at the elbow are common in clinical practice and require an accurate diagnosis for effective management. Understanding the imaging characteristics of these conditions is essential for confirming diagnoses and identifying underlying causes. Ultrasound serves as the primary imaging modality for evaluating nerve structure and movement, while MRI is superior for detecting muscle denervation. Plain radiography and CT play a minor role and can be used for the evaluation of bony structures and calcifications/ossifications. Comprehensive knowledge of anatomical landmarks, nerve pathways, and compression sites is crucial for clinicians to accurately interpret imaging and guide appropriate treatment strategies for entrapments of ulnar, median, and radial nerves, and their branches.

Critical relevance statement

Accurate imaging and anatomical knowledge are essential for diagnosing elbow entrapment neuropathies. Ultrasound is the preferred modality for assessing nerve structure and motion, while MRI excels in detecting muscle denervation and guiding effective management of ulnar, median, and radial nerve entrapments.

Key Points

Ultrasound is the primary modality for assessing nerve structure and stability.

Findings include nerve structural loss, isoechogenicity, thickening, and hyper-vascularization.

MRI provides a comprehensive evaluation of the elbow and accurate muscle assessment.

Imaging allows the identification of compressive causes, including anatomical variants, masses, or osseous anomalies.

Awareness of anatomical landmarks, nerve pathways, and compression sites is essential.

Graphical Abstract
Deep learning reconstruction of zero-echo time sequences to improve visualization of osseous structures and associated pathologies in MRI of cervical spine
Authors: Kaniewska Malwina , Zecca Fabio , Obermüller Carina , Ensle Falko , Deininger-Czermak Eva , Lohezic Maelene , Guggenberger Roman
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To determine whether deep learning-based reconstructions of zero-echo-time (ZTE-DL) sequences enhance image quality and bone visualization in cervical spine MRI compared to traditional zero-echo-time (ZTE) techniques, and to assess the added value of ZTE-DL sequences alongside standard cervical spine MRI for comprehensive pathology evaluation.

Methods

In this retrospective study, 52 patients underwent cervical spine MRI using ZTE, ZTE-DL, and T2-weighted 3D sequences on a 1.5-Tesla scanner. ZTE-DL sequences were reconstructed from raw data using the AirReconDL algorithm. Three blinded readers independently evaluated image quality, artifacts, and bone delineation on a 5-point Likert scale. Cervical structures and pathologies, including soft tissue and bone components in spinal canal and neural foraminal stenosis, were analyzed. Image quality was quantitatively assessed by signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR).

Results

Mean image quality scores were 2.0 ± 0.7 for ZTE and 3.2 ± 0.6 for ZTE-DL, with ZTE-DL exhibiting fewer artifacts and superior bone delineation. Significant differences were observed between T2-weighted and ZTE-DL sequences for evaluating intervertebral space, anterior osteophytes, spinal canal, and neural foraminal stenosis (p < 0.05), with ZTE-DL providing more accurate assessments. ZTE-DL also showed improved evaluation of the osseous components of neural foraminal stenosis compared to ZTE (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

ZTE-DL sequences offer superior image quality and bone visualization compared to ZTE sequences and enhance standard cervical spine MRI in assessing bone involvement in spinal canal and neural foraminal stenosis.

Critical relevance statement

Deep learning-based reconstructions improve zero-echo-time sequences in cervical spine MRI by enhancing image quality and bone visualization. This advancement offers additional insights for assessing bone involvement in spinal canal and neural foraminal stenosis, advancing clinical radiology practice.

Key Points

Conventional MRI encounters challenges with osseous structures due to low signal-to-noise ratio.

Zero-echo-time (ZET) sequences offer CT-like images of the C-spine but with lower quality.

Deep learning reconstructions improve image quality of zero-echo-time sequences.

ZTE sequences with deep learning reconstructions refine cervical spine osseous pathology assessment.

These sequences aid assessment of bone involvement in spinal and foraminal stenosis.

Graphical Abstract
Trehalose enhances macrophage autophagy to promote myelin debris clearance after spinal cord injury
Authors: Ma Zhida , Meng Congpeng , Wang Xiang , Zhao Yuanzhe , Wang Jingwen , Chen Yihao , Li Yiteng , Jiang Yan , Ouyang Fangru , Li Jianjian , Zheng Meige , Cheng Li , Jing Juehua
Published: January 2025

Background

Myelin-laden foamy macrophages accumulate extensively in the lesion epicenter, exhibiting characteristics of autophagolysosomal dysfunction, which leads to prolonged inflammatory responses after spinal cord injury (SCI). Trehalose, known for its neuroprotective properties as an autophagy inducer, has yet to be fully explored for its potential to mitigate foamy macrophage formation and exert therapeutic effects in the context of SCI.

Results

We observed that trehalose significantly enhances macrophage phagocytosis and clearance of myelin in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. In vivo, trehalose administration markedly reduced myelin debris accumulation, inhibited foamy macrophage formation, suppressed inflammatory responses, decreased fibrotic scarring, and promoted axonal growth and motor function recovery after SCI. These beneficial effects of trehalose may be related to the overexpression of transcription factor EB (TFEB), a key regulator of the autophagy-lysosomal system, which can rescue autophagic dysfunction in foamy macrophages and inhibit inflammatory responses. Additionally, the effects of trehalose on macrophages were abolished by chloroquine, an autophagy inhibitor, suggesting trehalose’s potential as a therapeutic candidate for enhancing myelin debris clearance post-SCI.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the pivotal role of trehalose in modulating myelin debris clearance within macrophages, providing new perspectives for the treatment of spinal cord injury.

Graphical abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales infection and colonization in patients with severe burns: a retrospective cohort study in a single burn center
Authors: Kim Myongjin , Jeon Kibum , Kym Dohern , Jung Jinsun , Jang Yu Jin , Han Seung Beom
Published: January 2025

Background

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infection and colonization have rarely been reported in patients with severe burns, who are prone to severe bacterial infections. This study aimed to evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of CRE infection and colonization in patients with severe burns.

Methods

The characteristics of 106 episodes of CRE acquisition (infection or colonization) in 98 patients with severe burns were evaluated by a retrospective medical record review. The duration of rectal CRE colonization and its associated factors were determined in the survived patients.

Results

Five (4.7%) of the CRE acquisitions were identified on admission, and the remaining 101 (95.3%) were identified at a median of 11 days (range 2–75 days) after admission. Klebsiella pneumoniae represented 73.6% of the isolated CRE strains, and carbapenemase-producing CRE (CP-CRE) were identified in 70.8% of the isolates. Mortality was associated with an abbreviated burn severity index (ABSI) score ≥ 10 (p < 0.001) and previous carbapenem-resistant bacterial acquisition (protective, p = 0.010). For the 58 episodes of CRE acquisition in the survived patients, eradication of rectal CRE colonization was identified in 39 (67.2%) at a median of 64 days (range 10–434 days) after acquisition. CP-CRE strains were associated with prolonged rectal CRE colonization (p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The characteristics of CRE infection and colonization in patients with severe burns were similar to those in general critical patients. Enhanced infection prevention and control measures should be considered for patients with severe burns of an ABSI score ≥ 10 and those with CP-CRE.
Mining versatile feruloyl esterases: phylogenetic classification, structural features, and deep learning model
Authors: Guo Liang , Dong Yuxin , Zhang Deyong , Pan Xinrong , Jin Xinjie , Yan Xinyu , Lu Yin
Published: January 2025

Feruloyl esterases (FEs, EC 3.1.1.73) play a crucial role in biological synthesis and metabolism. However, the identification of versatile FEs, capable of catalyzing a wide range of substrates, remains a challenge. In this study, we obtained 2085 FE sequences from the BRENDA database and initiated with an enzyme similarity network analysis, revealing three main clusters (1–3). Notably, both cluster 1 and cluster 3 included the characterized FEs, which exhibited significant differences in sequence length. Subsequent phylogenetic analysis of these clusters unveiled a correlation between phylogenetic classification and substrate promiscuity, and enzymes with broad substrate scope tended to locate within specific branches of the phylogenetic tree. Further, molecular dynamics simulations and dynamical cross-correlation matrix analysis were employed to explore structural dynamics differences between promiscuous and substrate-specific FEs. Finally, to expand the repertoire of versatile FEs, we employed deep learning models to predict potentially promiscuous enzymes and identified 38 and 75 potential versatile FEs from cluster 1 and cluster 3 with a probability score exceeding 90%. Our findings underscore the utility of integrating phylogenetic and structural features with deep learning approaches for mining versatile FEs, shedding light on unexplored enzymatic diversity and expanding the repertoire of biocatalysts for synthetic applications.

Graphical Abstract
Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures
Authors: Zhang Xuhang , Qiu Wanqi , Xu Yixin , Liao Xuefeng , Zhou Qing , Yu Hongya , Liu Zhongwu
Published: January 2025

High coercivity and anti-corrosion properties are required for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets used in new energy and off-shore wind power industries. Here, we found that both magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets can be significantly improved by grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb69Ni31 alloy. The diffusion temperature is a key factor in determining both the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance. The wettability of Tb69Ni31 alloy with the magnet and the fluidity of Tb69Ni31 alloy gradually increase with increasing temperature above 750 ℃, which facilitates the elements diffusion. Tb and Ni show different diffusion behaviors at different temperatures. The magnet diffused at a relatively high temperature exhibits high coercivity due to the formation of a thick Tb-rich shell in the grain with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field. However, excessive grain growth leads to a reduction in coercivity as the diffusion temperature further increases. The highest corrosion resistance is achieved by Tb69Ni31 alloy diffusion at a relatively lower temperature. By analyzing the Volta potential distribution using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, the Ni-rich phase with high potential formed in grain boundaries is mainly responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. The current results suggested that the performance of Tb-Ni diffused magnets can be controlled by the diffusion behaviors of Tb and Ni.
Impact of hospital formulary intervention on carbapenem use: a segmented time-series analysis of consumption and a propensity score-matched non-inferiority study of treatment efficacy
Authors: Okamura Nakaba , Katagiri Ayano , Komori Tomoya , Kawanabe Kei , Koike Hirofumi , Sahashi Yukiko , Kubota Rie
Published: January 2025

Background

Pharmaceutical formularies play a crucial role in guiding medication use by balancing clinical effectiveness and cost efficiency. Although formulary implementation has been increasing in Japan, comprehensive evaluations of its impact on both clinical and economic outcomes are limited. This study aimed to assess the effect of introducing an antimicrobial formulary at Yokohama City University Hospital on antibiotic usage and treatment outcomes in intra-abdominal infections.

Methods

We conducted a segmented time-series analysis to evaluate changes in carbapenem usage, including doripenem, before and after formulary implementation in October 2018. Monthly antibiotic consumption was measured by antibiotic use density (AUD). The primary outcomes were changes in doripenem use and treatment efficacy for intra-abdominal infections. To assess treatment efficacy, we used non-inferiority analysis with propensity score matching based on age, sex, body mass index, cancer status, and baseline blood test results. The treatment outcomes were evaluated using predefined clinical indicators.

Results

Following the formulary intervention, doripenem use significantly decreased from 10.8 to 4.9%, meropenem use slightly increased, and imipenem/cilastatin usage remained stable. Overall, carbapenem use significantly decreased during the study period. Treatment effectiveness for intra-abdominal infections remained non-inferior, with a higher proportion of patients classified as having an “effective” response post-intervention (86.6% vs. 79.4% pre-intervention). The confidence interval confirmed the non-inferiority margin, indicating no clinically significant reduction in treatment effectiveness following the formulary introduction.

Conclusions

The introduction of an antibiotic formulary at Yokohama City University Hospital effectively reduced the use of doripenem without compromising the effectiveness of treatment of intra-abdominal infections. These findings suggest that formulary management can be a valuable strategy for optimizing antibiotic use while maintaining clinical outcomes and contributing to improved antimicrobial stewardship in healthcare settings. Further research is warranted to explore the broader implications of formulary implementation in Japanese healthcare practices.
Photon-counting detector CTA to assess intracranial stents and flow diverters: an in vivo study with ultrahigh-resolution spectral reconstructions
Authors: De Beukelaer Frederic , De Beukelaer Sophie , Wuyts Laura L. , Nikoubashman Omid , El Halal Mohammed , Kantzeli Iliana , Wiesmann Martin , Ridwan Hani , Weyland Charlotte S.
Published: January 2025

Background

To define optimal parameters for the evaluation of vessel visibility in intracranial stents (ICS) and flow diverters (FD) using photon-counting detector computed tomography angiography (PCD-CTA) with spectral reconstructions.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients with implanted ICS or FD, who received a PCD-CTA between April 2023 and March 2024. Polyenergetic, virtual monoenergetic, pure lumen, and iodine reconstructions with different keV levels (40, 60, and 80) and reconstruction kernels (body vascular [Bv]48, Bv56, Bv64, Bv72, and Bv76) were evaluated by two radiologists with regions of interests and Likert scales. Reconstructions were compared in descriptive analysis.

Results

In total, twelve patients with nine FDs and six ICSs were analyzed. In terms of quantitative image quality, sharper kernels as Bv64 and Bv72 yielded increased image noise and decreased signal-to-noise and contrast-to-noise ratios compared to the smoothest kernel Bv48 (p = 0.001). Among the different keV levels and kernels, readers selected the 40 keV level (p = 0.001) and sharper kernels (in the majority of cases Bv72) as the best to visualize the in-stent vessel lumen. Assessing the different spectral reconstructions virtual monoenergetic and iodine reconstructions proved to be best to evaluate in-stent vessel lumen (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

PCD-CTA and spectral reconstructions with sharper reconstruction kernels and a low keV level of 40 seem to be beneficial to achieve optimal image quality for the evaluation of ICS and FD. Iodine and virtual monoenergetic reconstructions were superior to pure lumen and polyenergetic reconstructions to evaluate in-stent vessel lumen.

Relevance statement

PCD-CTA offers the opportunity to reduce the need for invasive angiography serving as follow-up examination after intracranial stent (ICS) or flow diverter (FD) implantation.

Key Points

Neuroimaging of intracranial vessels with implanted stents and flow diverters is limited by artifacts.

Twelve patients with nine flow diverters and six intracranial stents underwent photon-counting detector computed tomography angiography (PCD-CTA).

In-stent vessel lumen visibility improved using sharp reconstruction kernels and a low keV level.

Virtual monoenergetic and iodine reconstructions were best to evaluate in-stent vessel lumen.

Graphical Abstract
Feasibility of generating sagittal radiographs from coronal views using GAN-based deep learning framework in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis
Authors: Bassani Tito , Cina Andrea , Galbusera Fabio , Cazzato Andrea , Pellegrino Maria Elena , Albano Domenico , Sconfienza Luca Maria
Published: January 2025

Background

Minimizing radiation exposure is crucial in monitoring adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have emerged as valuable tools being able to generate high-quality synthetic images. This study explores the use of GANs to generate synthetic sagittal radiographs from coronal views in AIS patients.

Methods

A dataset of 3,935 AIS patients who underwent spine and pelvis radiographic examinations using the EOS system, which simultaneously acquires coronal and sagittal images, was analyzed. The dataset was divided into training-set (85%, n = 3,356) and test-set (15%, n = 579). GAN model was trained to generate sagittal images from coronal views, with real sagittal views as reference standard. To assess accuracy, 100 subjects from the test-set were randomly selected for manual measurement of lumbar lordosis (LL), sacral slope (SS), pelvic incidence (PI), and sagittal vertical axis (SVA) by two radiologists in both synthetic and real images.

Results

Sixty-nine synthetic images were considered assessable. The intraclass correlation coefficient ranged 0.93–0.99 for measurements in real images, and from 0.83 to 0.88 for synthetic images. Correlations between parameters of real and synthetic images were 0.52 (LL), 0.17 (SS), 0.18 (PI), and 0.74 (SVA). Measurement errors showed minimal correlation with scoliosis severity. Mean ± standard deviation absolute errors were 7 ± 7° (LL), 9 ± 7° (SS), 9 ± 8° (PI), and 1.1 ± 0.8 cm (SVA).

Conclusion

While the model generates sagittal images visually consistent with reference images, their quality is not sufficient for clinical parameter assessment, except for promising results in SVA.

Relevance statement

AI can generate synthetic sagittal radiographs from coronal views to reduce radiation exposure in monitoring adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). However, while these synthetic images appear visually consistent with real ones, their quality remains insufficient for accurate clinical assessment.

Key Points

AI can be exploited to generate synthetic sagittal radiographs from coronal views.

Dataset of 3,935 subjects was used to train and test AI-model; spinal parameters from synthetic and real images were compared.

Synthetic images were visually consistent with real ones, but quality was generally insufficient for accurate clinical assessment.

Graphical Abstract
Diversity of aphids and their natural enemies in forest areas of northwestern Algeria, with a new record of Myzocallis schreiberi
Authors: Akrich Amine , Righi Kada , Righi Fatiha Assia , Chedad Abdelwahab , Japoshivli George
Published: January 2025

Background

Aphids are piercing-sucking insects that can cause many problems for plants in different environments, such as the trees and shrubs of forest ecosystems. However, aphids are an important part of the food chain. Aphids provide food for numerous predators and serve as a source of reproduction for numerous parasitoid species. This aids in maintaining the equilibrium of the environment.

Results

We conducted the current study, based on weekly visual sampling of aphids and their natural enemies, in two forests with a total area of 31 hectares located in northwestern Algeria from February to June 2021 and 2022. We recorded twenty aphid species on fourteen tree and shrub species, including the Holm oak aphid, Myzocallis schreiberi, which is a first for Algeria. This study has also revealed 12 species of predators belonging to five families, as well as four species of primary parasitoids belonging to the Braconidae family. The most abundant predator in the aphid population was the species Coccinella algerica (Linnaeus, 1758), while Lysiphlebus fabarum (Marshall, 1896) was the most abundant parasitoid.

Conclusions

Natural enemies, such as predators and parasites, play a crucial role in controlling populations of aphids. By protecting the survival and reproduction of natural enemies, we can help maintain a diverse and healthy ecosystem.
How satisfied am I with mobile wallets? Exploring the nexus between MSQual, hedonism, and satisfaction
Authors: Ahmad Asad , Madsen Dag Øivind , Garg Swati
Published: January 2025

The widespread use of mobile devices for banking has been revolutionary, with the rise in mobile wallet adoption turning it into a competitive space for industries like high-tech firms, banks, and other entities aiming to attract users to their platforms. In India, mobile wallets have rapidly gained popularity, emerging as a preferred payment method among internet users. This trend has driven a substantial rise in mobile wallet transactions over the past 4–5 years. While many studies have explored how users perceive mobile devices, few have focused on mobile wallet user satisfaction, especially in developing countries. To bridge this gap, this study investigates key factors influencing mobile wallet user satisfaction. It introduces a 17-item scale encompassing three factors tailored to the Indian context.
Persisting Toward a Career in Biomedical Research: A Black, Male Scientists’ Becoming-Scientist-With Multiple Spatial Configurations
Authors: Ayers Katherine Ann , Happel-Parkins Alison , Mohorn-Mintah Olayinka , Retic Terino , Nordstrom Susan N.
Published: January 2025

This poststructuralist narrative inquiry study delves deeply into the narrative of Travis, a black, male scientist. Findings underscore the necessity of reconceptualizing science identity as a process of becoming-scientist-with multiple spatial configurations.
Multi-omics analysis reveals distinct gene regulatory mechanisms between primary and organoid-derived human hepatocytes
Authors: Wu Haoyu , Yang Annie S. P. , Stelloo Suzan , Roos Floris J. M. , te Morsche René H. M. , Verkerk Anne H. , Luna-Velez Maria V. , Wingens Laura , de Wilt Johannes H. W. , Sauerwein Robert W. , Mulder Klaas W. , van Heeringen Simon J. , Verstegen Monique M. A. , van der Laan Luc J. W. , Marks Hendrik , Bártfai Richárd
Published: January 2025

Hepatic organoid cultures are a powerful model to study liver development and diseases in vitro. However, hepatocyte-like cells differentiated from these organoids remain immature compared to primary human hepatocytes (PHHs), which are the benchmark in the field. Here, we applied integrative single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility analysis to reveal gene regulatory mechanisms underlying these differences. We found that, in mature human hepatocytes, activator protein 1 (AP-1) factors co-occupy regulatory regions with hepatocyte-specific transcription factors, including HNF4A, suggesting their potential cooperation in governing hepatic gene expression. Comparative analysis identified distinct transcription factor sets that are specifically active in either PHHs or intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoid (ICO)-derived human hepatocytes. ELF3 was one of the factors uniquely expressed in ICO-derived hepatocytes, and its expression negatively correlated with hepatic marker gene expression. Functional analysis further revealed that ELF3 depletion increased the expression of key hepatic markers in ICO-derived hepatocytes. Our integrative analysis provides insights into the transcriptional regulatory networks of PHHs and hepatic organoids, thereby informing future strategies for developing improved hepatic models.
New reporters for monitoring cellular NMD
Authors: Alalam Hanna , Safhauzer Monika , Sunnerhagen Per
Published: January 2025

Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is a eukaryotic surveillance pathway that controls degradation of cytoplasmic transcripts with aberrant features. NMD-controlled RNA degradation acts to regulate a large fraction of the mRNA population. It has been implicated in cellular responses to infections and environmental stress, as well as in deregulation of tumor-promoting genes. NMD is executed by a set of three core factors conserved in evolution, UPF1-3, as well as additional influencing proteins such as kinases. Monitoring NMD activity is challenging due to the difficulties in quantitating RNA decay rates in vivo, and consequently it has also been problematic to identify new factors influencing NMD. Here, we developed a genetic selection system in yeast to capture new components affecting NMD status. The reporter constructs link NMD target sequences with nutrient-selectable genetic markers. By crossing these reporters into a genome-wide library of deletion mutants and quantitating colony growth on selective medium, we robustly detect previously known NMD components in a high-throughput fashion. In addition, we identify novel mutations influencing NMD status and implicate ribosome recycling as important for NMD. By using our constructed combinations of promoters, NMD target sequences, and selectable markers, the system can also efficiently detect mutations with a minor effect, or in special environments. Furthermore, it can be used to explore how NMD acts on targets of different structures.
Ανάλυση βαθμιδομετρικών δεδομένων της αποστολής GOCE για βελτιστοποίηση του πεδίου βαρύτητας σε περιφερειακή κλίμακα και γεωφυσικές εφαρμογές
Authors: Πιτένης Ελευθέριος
Published: January 2025

Δεδομένα βαρύτητας έχουν χρησιμοποιηθεί εκτενέστατα στο παρελθόν σε εφαρμογές γεωφυσικού ενδιαφέροντος δεδομένης της δυνατότητάς τους να προσφέρουν ιδιαίτερα χρήσιμα αποτελέσματα με ομοιογένεια σε παγκόσμια κλίμακα. Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διατριβής αποτελούσε η αξιοποίηση δεδομένων της δορυφορικής αποστολής GOCE σε γεωφυσικές εφαρμογές στον ευρύτερο Ελληνικό χώρο και την περιοχή της Ανατολικής Μεσογείου. Για τον σκοπό αυτό χρησιμοποιήθηκαν δεδομένα δορυφορικής βαθμιδομετρίας GOCE των προϊόντων EGG_NOM_2 και SST_PSO_2 της πιο πρόσφατα διαθέσιμης γραμμής επεξεργασίας της αποστολής. Τα αρχικά αυτά δεδομένα υπέστησαν επεξεργασία μέσω μιας σειράς γνωστών μεθοδολογιών, που περιελάμβαναν ανάμεσα σε άλλα και φιλτράρισμα για διατήρηση του χρήσιμου σήματος εντός του MBW του βαθμιδομέτρου, με τελικό αποτέλεσμα τον υπολογισμό διαταρακτικών βαθμίδων δυναμικού στο πλαίσιο αναφοράς LNOF και έπειτα προβεβλημένων σε μία μέση τροχιακή σφαίρα. Ο έλεγχος της εγκυρότητας των υπολογισμών έγινε μέσω της σύγκρισης τους με διαταρακτικές βαθμίδες βαρύτητας βασισμένες στο προϊόν EGG_TRF_2, αλλά και με βαθμίδες διαταρακτικού δυναμικού ενός συνδυαστικού παγκόσμιου γεωδυναμικού μοντέλου (TIM R6 & EGM2008). Στη συνέχεια τα δεδομένα απομονώθηκαν για την περιοχή μελέτης και τοποθετήθηκαν σε κάναβο με βήμα 1 arcmin. Ειδικά για τις συνιστώσες Tzz και (-Txx -Tyy) εφαρμόστηκε δισδιάστατος μετασχηματισμός με wavelet για την απομάκρυνση του ανεπιθύμητου θορύβου που εμφανιζόταν με τη μορφή τροχιών στο τελικό σήμα τους. Πλήρεις ανωμαλίες Bouguer υπολογίστηκαν από αυτές, μετά την προς τα κάτω επέκταση των βαθμίδων μέσω της μεθόδου MC SA που ακολούθησε και την εφαρμογή της κατάλληλης τοπογραφικής αναγωγής σύμφωνα με το μοντέλο GEBCO_2023. Επόμενο βήμα στην εργασία αποτέλεσε ο υπολογισμός μοντέλων βαθών Moho μέσω δύο κλασικών προβλημάτων αντιστροφής: της μεθόδου Parker-Oldenburg και του αντιστρόφου προβλήματος ισοστασίας των Vening Meinesz-Moritz (VMM). Σειρά πειραμάτων πραγματοποιήθηκαν που έκαναν χρήση διαφορετικών αρχικών μέσων τιμών βάθους και τιμών αντίθεσης πυκνότητας. Τα υπολογισθέντα μοντέλα Moho συγκρίθηκαν τόσο με διαθέσιμα μοντέλα Moho από τη βιβλιογραφία όσο και με τιμές από σεισμικούς σταθμούς στην περιοχή μελέτης. Το σύνολο των ελέγχων και συγκρίσεων έδωσε ικανοποιητικά αποτελέσματα αναφορικά με την ακρίβεια των υπολογισθέντων μοντέλων, όπως σχολιάζεται αναλυτικά στις επόμενες ενότητες της διατριβής.
Stufflebeam, D. L., & Shinkfield, A. J. (2007). Evaluation Theory, Models, & Applications.
Authors: Καραλής Θανάσης
Published: January 2025

San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. 736 σελ. ISBN 978-1-118-06318-7
Σημείωμα από τη σύνταξη
Authors: Ιωάννου Δήμητρα
Published: January 2025

Σημείωμα από τη σύνταξη
THE DEMAND FOR VIDEO CONTENT AMONG STUDENT YOUTH IN MODERN SOCIETY
Authors: Baranova Ekaterina V. , Guro-Frolova Yulia R. , Sokolova Elena G.
Published: January 2025

Background. The article is devoted the topical issue of the impact of digital transformation processes in all spheres of human activity on the choice of means of personal and professional formation and development among student youth. The issue study was conducted by the authors in the form of a sociological experiment on the basis of the Volga State University of Water Transport in Nizhny Novgorod (hereinafter referred to as the VSUWT). The subject of the study is video content produced in Russia and abroad.
Purpose. The authors aim to study the relevance and number of viewing Russian and foreign video content in the Internet among the students of VSUWT.
Methodology. The research is based on statistical and mathematical methods of data collecting and processing. A sociological experiment without observing subsequent changes is an empirical, descriptive study conducted through specially designed electronic survey forms in the Internet on the Yandex platform, as well as oral standardized interviewing.
Results. The results of the study are that the authors reveal a high demand for video content in the Internet among the younger generation of the considered socio-demographic group in the absence of a specific priority regarding its origin country. Statistical analysis of the data obtained showed that the main goals of watching video content are both entertainment and vocational education, contributing to the formation of future specialists.
Practical implications. The results of the study can be applied in solving the problem of sociological assessment of digital transformation success on the platform of transport and other specialized universities, as well as in the process of improving the digital literacy level in modern society, in the search for effective ways of socializing a person in the information-boosted environment.
Moreover, the demand for video content is a promising guideline in optimizing the higher professional education system. The popularity of digitalized information among students can help to increase the motivation of young people to self-education.
CULTURAL ARCHAEOLOGY: TEXT – CODE – SYSTEM OF REPETITIONS AND KEY-NAMES
Authors: Drobyshev Artyom V.
Published: January 2025

Various interdisciplinary studies, linking approaches of culturology and archaeology, allow to consider one of the productive directions within this convergence, called culturology of archeology. This direction focuses on the study of archaeological memorials and texts that can act as cultural phenomena, which allows to comprehensively study the nature of such phenomena, their structure, laws of development and functioning in modern society. The article aims to clarify the content of this interdisciplinary area, highlight its research potential.
Considering «Arkaim» as a text, the author analyzes the structure of the famous archaeological monument with the help of the “filled” term «cultural code». The author identifies a repeating code, semantic code, narrative code and descriptive code. Their distinguishing feature is the high degree «valence» of internal signs. The mechanism of functioning of these codes with a system of signs is described in the example of interaction of texts G.B. Zdanovich and poet M.P. Nikulina about «Arkaim». This is seen as the key reason for a great variety of interpretations of modern archaeological sites and text.
It is concluded that this property of «archaeological» text can be perceived, on the one hand, as a negative factor, and on the other, to act as a «mirror» in which important processes taking place in modern society and culture are reflected.
SLEEP AS A FOUNDATION OF SOCIAL HEALTH: A STUDY OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH AND SLEEP QUALITY
Authors: Ledyankina Ksenia Yu.
Published: January 2025

Objective. This study aims to analyze the quality of sleep among adolescents aged 15-18 years and to identify factors contributing to sleep deprivation. The main goal of the work is to assess the impact of sleep patterns on the health and emotional well-being of adolescents, as well as to develop recommendations for improving sleep quality.
Methods and methodology. During the study, a survey was conducted among school students to identify their sleep habits, level of awareness regarding the rules of healthy sleep, and factors contributing to disruptions in their sleep patterns. The analysis of the collected data allowed for the identification of the main causes of insufficient sleep, as well as the conduction of a correlational analysis of the impact of various factors on sleep quality. In addition, the research included an analysis of the existing scientific literature on the topic.
Results. The results of the study showed that more than 70% of respondents do not adhere to optimal sleep conditions, leading to chronic sleep deprivation, decreased concentration, impaired memory, and negative effects on emotional well-being. It was found that high academic workloads and participation in additional courses significantly disrupt sleep patterns. Furthermore, a lack of knowledge about sleep hygiene and its importance for health contributes to the deepening of the problem. In this regard, recommendations have been developed regarding optimal sleep duration, limiting screen time usage, and creating a comfortable environment for rest.
Application of results. The results of the study can be applied in educational institutions to create programs aimed at educating adolescents about the importance of adequate sleep. The recommendations can be used as tools for working with parents and educators to foster a conscious approach to sleep patterns and a healthy lifestyle.
ENSEMBLE MUSIC AS EDUCATIONAL AND COMMUNICATIVE RESOURCE. ONLINE SEMINAR REVIEW
Authors: Boiko Valentina L. , Mitasova Svetlana A. , Chaikin Sergey G.
Published: January 2025

Music has always been a magnet for the greatest minds of mankind considering it as a cultural phenomenon, as manifestation of Divinity, and as a specific art form. Philosophic studies of music nature show that origins of spiritual culture can be seen as deep as in the earliest civilization periods.
Significance of music is determined by its contents, its narrative method and peculiarities of the musical language proper. Nowadays music is the factor that impacts formation of personality, its interaction with the society and its communication with the environment.
Topicality of ensemble music, its educational and communicative qualities are conditioned by ever growing role of music as an art form in general, and ensemble music as its significant part in the constantly spreading information sphere.
The purpose of the topic under discussion is to show the complex and many-sided character of music ensemble, starting from its philosophic basics and going to performance analysis of specific musical pieces.
The authors’ tasks are defined by the discussion purpose and are achieved by presentation of variety of formative and communicative forms, methods and techniques in the work with young musicians in ensemble class.
Results. Accumulation and summarizing theoretical and practical educational and tutorial experience with students in the process of moulding young musician professional and personal formation.
Code and Data Repository for Fair and Reliable Reconnections for Temporary Disruptions in Electric Distribution Networks
Authors: Gupta Swati , Hettle Cyrus , Molzahn Daniel
Published: January 2025

The software and data in this repository are a snapshot of the software and data that were used in the research reported in the paper Fair and Reliable Reconnections for Temporary Disruptions in Electric Distribution Networks by Swati Gupta, Cyrus Hettle, and Daniel Molzahn.
First-Stage Sampling in Ranking and Selection: Beyond Variance Estimation
Authors: Fan Weiwei , Li Xuewen , Luo Jun , Tsai Shing Chih
Published: January 2025

This study sheds light on a crucial aspect of ranking-and-selection (R&S) procedures—how the first-stage sample size, [Formula: see text], impacts the procedure efficiency beyond the variance estimation. This research demonstrates that the presence of [Formula: see text] helps reduce the probability of incorrect selection (PICS). However, this issue of [Formula: see text] has been traditionally ignored, thereby leading to unnecessarily conservativeness of existing R&S procedures. To address this issue, the authors provide exact formulas for both indifference-zone (IZ) and IZ-free procedures, highlighting how [Formula: see text] influences PICS under worst-case configurations. Based on these formulas, this research further offers new guidelines on the choice of [Formula: see text] for the existing procedures and introduces an improved version of the classic IZ-free procedure. This research provides important insights for further enhancing the efficiency of R&S in various potential applications.
Ideologia e Poder: As Relações de Dominação em Força-Tarefa (2009)
Authors: Maurey Andrei
Published: January 2025

O lugar ocupado pela mídia na sociedade contemporânea é evidente em diversas esferas da vida social. Com isso em mente, é imprescindível observarmos o alcance das obras audiovisuais da televisão e compreendermos como as ficções seriadas reproduzem e disseminam ideologia. Para tanto, tomamos a ficção seriada Força-Tarefa (2009) e, com uma análise dos episódios de sua primeira temporada, buscamos desvelar como suas formas simbólicas são representadas de modo a sustentar e justificar relações assimétricas de poder (de dominação). Defendemos que ao examinarmos essas representações socioculturais, obtemos ferramentas poderosas para descobrirmos que visões de mundo atuam nesse "engessamento" do imaginário, legitimando conceitos precipitados acerca de classe, gênero, raça, etc.
Nós na perspectiva deles - a tragédia do Paissandu e a representação midiática dos movimentos de moradia em São Paulo
Authors: Victor Cilene , Chiachiri Roberto , Gonsales Talita
Published: January 2025

A luta das famílias mais pobres pelo direito de ocupação dos centros urbanos tem marcado a formação das cidades brasileiras e dado origem a vários movimentos de moradia. Essa realidade, no entanto, tem pouca presença na imprensa. Quando coberta, segundo a percepção das lideranças desses movimentos, é carregada de narrativas que remetem à criminalização das famílias e de seus representantes. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a representação social dos protagonistas dessa causa no contexto da tragédia do Paissandu, quando o incêndio de um edifício ocupado por 150 famílias de baixa renda explicitou as diversas faces do problema. Para isso, foram analisadas 110 reportagens e contempladas as impressões das lideranças dos movimentos de moradia, por meio dos recursos da observação participante e da entrevista em profundidade.
Olhando as pornochanchadas: modos de visibilidade e percepção em A Dama do Lotação e As Cangaceiras Eróticas
Authors: Almeida Guilherme Fumeo , Gutfreind Cristiane Freitas
Published: January 2025

Este texto se configura enquanto um ensaio sobre a análise das dinâmicas do olhar nas pornochanchadas através da problematização das noções de visibilidade e percepção. O primeiro momento, dividido em duas partes, liga as dinâmicas de visibilidade, com base nas discussões propostas por Didi-Huberman (1998) e Xavier (2003), às problemáticas de erotismo, nojo e individualidade propostas por A Dama do Lotação (Neville d´Almeida, 1978), enquanto o segundo faz a ponte entre os modos de percepção, distração e atenção, a partir dos estudos de Merleau-Ponty (1984) e Crary (2013), e as especificidades de As Cangaceiras Eróticas (Roberto Mauro, 1974) enquanto pornochanchada que privilegia uma determinada abordagem do humor e do erotismo.
Exploring how the uptake of childhood immunisations can be improved in England: A systematic review
Authors: Ames Sophie , Kelly Gill
Published: January 2025

A review of best practice in child immunisation was undertaken to help drive uptake

Background

Childhood immunisations protect communities against preventable and infectious diseases. Coverage for childhood immunisations in the UK is declining and coverage for the MMR vaccine stands at 85.5%, significantly below the target set by the Department of Health and Social Care to achieve herd immunity and prevent sustained disease transmission.

Methods

Three medical databases were searched using PICO, supported by the application of inclusion and exclusion criteria and critical appraisal.

Results

Reminder and recall activities are identified as a cost-effective method for improving childhood immunisation uptake but targeted, individualised and family-centred interventions should be utilised to promote access to childhood immunisations for underserved populations. Vaccination data should remain up to date and a child's vaccination status should be reviewed and meaningfully discussed at every healthcare contact and staff involved in immunisation should have access to appropriate education, training and support.

Recommendations

Understanding how to provide services and improve vaccine coverage for patients who frequently are not brought is identified as an opportunity for further research, as well as analysing the role of public health teams in identifying local inequalities and supporting GP practices to design and deliver bespoke interventions for their community. It is recommended that communication emphasises the safety and effectiveness of vaccines, while highlighting a child's susceptibility or risk to developing complications. Further research is needed to evaluate how best to communicate this to ensure that the information provided is clear and factual and comprehensible to all parents and carers.
Influenza, vaccines and new developments
Authors: Heffernan Catherine
Published: January 2025

Catherine Heffernan provides an update on influenza vaccination

Vaccines are the first step in prevention of many infectious disease such as influenzae and have has dramatically reduced the burden of infectious disease ( van Panhuis et al, 2013 ). Their aim is to induce an immune response to the targeted pathogen without developing the disease. Vaccines work by initiating an innate immune response which is the body's first line of defence against invading pathogens. The Influenza virus is a challenge for global immunisation programmes as the virus can change and adapt creating a need for an annual vaccine and continuous monitoring of the effectiveness of these interventions
Inclusão de estudantes com transtorno do espectro autista no 5º ano do ensino fundamental em álgebra
Authors: Leonidio Benevides Silva Raquel , De Almeida Luna Ana Virginia
Published: January 2025

O presente estudo, visa compreender como se dá o processo de inclusão de estudantes dentro do Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) no ensino básico, nas aulas de álgebra, com ênfase em equivalência. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida por meio de uma abordagem qualitativa, com uma revisão bibliográfica de literaturas acadêmicas (teses, dissertações, artigos). O levantamento foi realizado no sítio Periódicos Capes. Para tanto, inicialmente, buscou-se entender quais são as características do diagnóstico de uma criança com autismo e suas especificidades. Em seguida, tratou-se do assunto da inclusão desses indivíduos na escola regular, baseado nas leis de inclusão. Logo após, foi apresentado a análise dos resultados da revisão de literatura sobre os estudantes com TEA e o ensino, e apresentação de uma proposta para a prática pedagógica de equivalência, a qual visa incluir todos os discentes nas aulas de álgebra. Os resultados do estudo apontam um crescimento do número de casos diagnosticados de nascimentos de crianças autistas, desde 2016, o que implica um aumento de matrículas de estudantes dentro do TEA. É importante considerar que as características, potencialidades, necessidades e desafios são únicos para cada estudante autista, e que é fundamental investir na formação e no desenvolvimento profissional em relação a tais especificidades, a fim de criar oportunidades nas quais os professores, e demais profissionais da escola, possam entender e fornecer ajudas reais para os estudantes com autismo. Por fim, inspiradas na pesquisa em andamento da primeira autora, foi apresentada uma proposta de um material curricular educativo, utilizando metodologias ativas, como o uso das Histórias em Quadrinhos, para a introdução e realização de atividades envolvendo equivalência, em turmas de 5º ano, com estudantes dentro do TEA.