bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the impact of rotor wear on the effectiveness of the aluminium refining process
Authors: Socha Ladislav , Prášil Tomáš , Gryc Karel , Svizelova Jana , Saternus Mariola , Merder Tomasz , Pieprzyca Jacek , Nuska Petr
Published: October 2023

Physical modelling is successfully used to understand mechanisms involved in the aluminium refining process by injecting inert gas into the liquid metal through rotors. Two types of industrial impellers, which are extremely different in construction, were tested in the research. The aim of the research was to determine the effectiveness of their operation depending on their degree of wear. This type of research has not been tested on water models so far. During the process, the parameters were changed, such as the gas flow rate from 13 to 19 L/min, the rotor speed from 325 to 400 rpm and the height of the rotor from the bottom of the refining reactor. Tests were carried out for new and worn rotors. Oxygen removal rate curves were prepared on the basis of tests determining changes in oxygen content in the model liquid as a function of time for changing rotor speed values. It was found that the efficiency of hydrogen removal from the model liquid was higher when worn impellers were used in the model. In order to verify results of model tests, a metallographic analysis of samples obtained in industrial conditions and using the analysed process parameters was carried out.
Common modelling assumptions affect the joint moments measured during passive joint mobilizations
Authors: Koussou Axel , Dumas Raphaël , Desailly Eric
Published: October 2023

Joint resistance to passive mobilization has already been estimated in-vivo in several studies by measuring the applied forces and moments while manipulating the joint. Nevertheless, in most of the studies, simplified modelling approaches are used to calculate this joint resistance. The impact of these simplifications is still unknown. We propose a protocol that enables a reference 3D inverse dynamics approach to be implemented and compared to common simplified approaches. Eight typically developed children and eight children with cerebral palsy were recruited and underwent a passive testing protocol, while applied forces and moments were measured through a 3D handheld dynamometer, simultaneously to its 3D kinematics and the 3D kinematics of the different segments. Then, passive joint resistance was estimated using the reference 3D inverse dynamics approach and according to 5 simplified approaches found in the literature, i.e. ignoring either the dynamometer kinematics, the measured moments alone or together with the measured tangential forces, the gravity and the inertia of the different segments, or the distal segments kinematics. These simplifications lead to non-negligible differences with respect to the reference 3D inverse dynamics, from 3 to 32% for the ankle, 4 to 34% for the knee and 1 to 58% for the hip depending of the different simplifications. Finally, we recommend a complete 3D kinematics and dynamics modelling to estimate the joint resistance to passive mobilization.
Effects of visual-electrotactile stimulation feedback on brain functional connectivity during motor imagery practice
Authors: Phunruangsakao Chatrin , Achanccaray David , Bhattacharyya Saugat , Izumi Shin-Ichi , Hayashibe Mitsuhiro
Published: October 2023

The use of neurofeedback is an important aspect of effective motor rehabilitation as it offers real-time sensory information to promote neuroplasticity. However, there is still limited knowledge about how the brain’s functional networks reorganize in response to such feedback. To address this gap, this study investigates the reorganization of the brain network during motor imagery tasks when subject to visual stimulation or visual-electrotactile stimulation feedback. This study can provide healthcare professionals with a deeper understanding of the changes in the brain network and help develop successful treatment approaches for brain–computer interface-based motor rehabilitation applications. We examine individual edges, nodes, and the entire network, and use the minimum spanning tree algorithm to construct a brain network representation using a functional connectivity matrix. Furthermore, graph analysis is used to detect significant features in the brain network that might arise in response to the feedback. Additionally, we investigate the power distribution of brain activation patterns using power spectral analysis and evaluate the motor imagery performance based on the classification accuracy. The results showed that the visual and visual-electrotactile stimulation feedback induced subject-specific changes in brain activation patterns and network reorganization in the$$\alpha$$αband. Thus, the visual-electrotactile stimulation feedback significantly improved the integration of information flow between brain regions associated with motor-related commands and higher-level cognitive functions, while reducing cognitive workload in the sensory areas of the brain and promoting positive emotions. Despite these promising results, neither neurofeedback modality resulted in a significant improvement in classification accuracy, compared with the absence of feedback. These findings indicate that multimodal neurofeedback can modulate imagery-mediated rehabilitation by enhancing motor-cognitive communication and reducing cognitive effort. In future interventions, incorporating this technique to ease cognitive demands for participants could be crucial for maintaining their motivation to engage in rehabilitation.
Stability of non-Newtonian nanofluid movement with heat/mass transportation passed through a hydro magnetic elongating/contracting sheet: multiple branches solutions
Authors: Yasmin Humaira , Alshehry Azzh Saad , Zeeshan  , Ghanie Abdul Hamid , Shah Rasool
Published: October 2023

Nanomaterials have found wide applications in many fields, leading to significant interest in the scientific world, in particular automobile thermal control, heat reservoirs, freezers, hybrid control machines, paper creation, cooling organisms, etc. The aim of the present study is to investigate the MHD non-Newtonian nanofluid and time-based stability analysis to verify the stable branch by computing the smallest eigenvalue across a slendering, extending, or shrinking sheet with thermal radiation and chemical reactions. The basic flow equations have been obtained in terms of PDEs, which are then converted to ODEs in dimensionless form via a suitable transformation. Based on the MATLAB software package bvp4c, the numerical solution has been obtained for the system of equations. A comparative study of the present and published work is impressive. The influence of evolving factors such as Prandtl number, Schmidt number, magnetic factor, heat generation/absorption, thermal, thermophoresis factor, chemical factor, second-grade fluid factor, and Brownian number on the velocities, energy, and concentration patterns is discussed through graphs. It is perceived that the temperature distribution enriches owing to the greater magnitude of the heat source. Furthermore, it is observed that a greater magnitude of radiation improves the temperature curves. It is also investigated from the present analysis that concentration and temperature profiles increase due to the growing values of the thermophoresis factor.
The effect of brief exposure to virtual nature on mental wellbeing in adolescents
Authors: Owens Matthew , Bunce Hannah
Published: October 2023

Adolescence is a time of multiple transitions and a vulnerability period for mental health difficulties. There are many barriers to the treatment of mental health conditions which is one reason for developing alternatives to help improve efficacy in treatment and prevention. One approach is to use nature-based interventions (NBIs) to improve mental wellbeing. In this experimental proof-of-principle intervention study, we randomly allocated a sample of adolescents to brief exposure (6 min) to either a virtual woodland nature video or a busy train journey and tested the effect on mental wellbeing. Results showed beneficial effects in the nature condition on several self-reported outcomes including stress, relaxation, affect, mood, attention, nature connection and nature spirituality. The intervention was mainly acceptable and feasible to do suggesting that overall brief virtual nature interventions may have utility in a range of mental health contexts for adolescents including as self-help universal or targeted prevention strategies, adjunct to psychological therapy and as preparation for more intensive NBIs. Additionally, brief virtual nature interventions support accessibility for those who may be limited on time, unable to access real-life nature or who may be more biophobic.
Characterisation of AZ31 metal matrix composites reinforced with carbon nanotubes
Authors: Mukunda Sandeep Ganesh , Boppana Satish Babu , Palani I. A. , Dayanand Samuel , Aravinda T.
Published: October 2023

The focus of this study revolves around the synthesis of AZ31 metal matrix composites (MMCs) reinforced with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) using the powder metallurgy technique. Various compositions of CNTs were incorporated into the AZ31 alloy matrix. The sintered specimens were analysed using microstructural characterization and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were conducted to investigate the impact of sintering on the processed composites. Corrosion studies were performed in a sodium chloride (NaCl) medium, and Tafel curves were plotted to assess corrosion behaviour. It was observed that composites enriched with 0.5 wt.% CNTs demonstrated the highest level of corrosion resistance among the synthesized AZ31 metal specimens.
Integrated single-cell and bulk RNA sequencing analysis identified pyroptosis-related signature for diagnosis and prognosis in osteoarthritis
Authors: Chen Yanzhong , Zhang Yaonan , Ge Yongwei , Ren Hong
Published: October 2023

Osteoarthritis (OA), a degenerative disease of the joints, has one of the highest disability rates worldwide. This study investigates the role of pyroptosis-related genes in osteoarthritis and their expression in different chondrocyte subtypes at the individual cell level. Using OA-related datasets for single-cell RNA sequencing and RNA-seq, the study identified PRDEGs and DEGs and conducted Cox regression analysis to identify independent prognostic factors for OA. CASP6, NOD1, and PYCARD were found to be prognostic factors. Combined Weighted Gene Correlation Network Analysis with PPI network, a total of 15 hub genes related to pyroptosis were involved in the notch and oxidative phosphorylation pathways, which could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of OA patients. The study also explored the heterogeneity of chondrocytes between OA and normal samples, identifying 19 single-cell subpopulation marker genes that were significantly different among 7 chondrocyte cell clusters. AGT, CTSD, CYBC, and THYS1 were expressed differentially among different cell subpopulations, which were associated with cartilage development and metabolism. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying OA and could facilitate the development of new therapeutic strategies for this debilitating disease.
Association between latent profile of dietary intake and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs): Results from Fasa Adults Cohort Study (FACS)
Authors: Ariya Mohammad , Sharafi Mehdi , Afrashteh Sima
Published: October 2023

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) have been among the most significant non-communicable diseases. Dietary risks account for the most cause of CVDs mortalities. Evaluating overall dietary patterns (through the Latent profile of dietary intake) can provide a more accurate prediction regarding the prevalence of CVDs. The present cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the relationship between the latent profile of dietary intake and CVDs prevalence. The population of the Fasa Adults Cohort Study was employed to gather the data (n = 8319). A modified FFQ was employed to assess eating behaviors. Minerals, as well as the energy intake and total fiber, were measured using Nutritionist IV software (version 7.0). To estimate the prevalence of CVDs, accurate records of patients' histories were made. Individuals were clustered according to their dietary intake using latent profile analysis. The mean age was 48.75 ± 9.59 years, and 53.28% (4430) were women. 63.9% of participants with low Socioeconomic Status (SES) were in the low-intake profile (P < 0.001), and high SES increases the odds of being in the high-intake profile (ORhigh/low = 2.87, 95% CI 2.55–3.24). The low-intake group had the lowest amount of physical activity (Met) (P < 0.001). The result of multivariate logistic regression revealed that categorized in the low-intake group significantly increased the development of CVDs (OR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.07–1.63, P = 0.010). The mean micronutrients and total fiber, in individuals with a low intake profile, were significantly lower than other groups (P < 0.001). Overall, we estimated that a low intake of all food groups increases the odds of developing CVDs significantly.
Geographically distributed data management to support large-scale data analysis
Authors: Emara Tamer Z. , Trinh Thanh , Huang Joshua Zhexue
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, several companies prefer storing their data on multiple data centers with replication for many reasons. The data that spans various data centers ensures the fastest possible response time for customers and workforces who are geographically separated. It also provides protecting the information from the loss in case a single data center experiences a disaster. However, the amount of data is increasing at a rapid pace, which leads to challenges in storage, analysis, and various processing tasks. In this paper, we propose and design a geographically distributed data management framework to manage the massive data stored and distributed among geo-distributed data centers. The goal of the proposed framework is to enable efficient use of the distributed data blocks for various data analysis tasks. The architecture of the proposed framework is composed of a grid of geo-distributed data centers connected to a data controller (DCtrl). The DCtrl is responsible for organizing and managing the block replicas across the geo-distributed data centers. We use the BDMS system as the installed system on the distributed data centers. BDMS stores the big data file as a set of random sample data blocks, each being a random sample of the whole data file. Then, DCtrl distributes these data blocks into multiple data centers with replication. In analyzing a big data file distributed based on the proposed framework, we randomly select a sample of data blocks replicated from other data centers on any data center. We use simulation results to demonstrate the performance of the proposed framework in big data analysis across geo-distributed data centers.
Seasonal changes in network connectivity and consequences for pathogen transmission in a solitary carnivore
Authors: Gilbertson Marie L. J. , Hart S. Niamh , VanderWaal Kimberly , Onorato Dave , Cunningham Mark , VandeWoude Sue , Craft Meggan E.
Published: October 2023

Seasonal variation in habitat use and animal behavior can alter host contact patterns with potential consequences for pathogen transmission dynamics. The endangered Florida panther (Puma concolor coryi) has experienced significant pathogen-induced mortality and continues to be at risk of future epidemics. Prior research has found increased panther movement in Florida’s dry versus wet seasons, which may affect panther population connectivity and seasonally increase potential pathogen transmission. Our objective was to determine if Florida panthers are more spatially connected in dry seasons relative to wet seasons, and test if identified connectivity differences resulted in divergent predicted epidemic dynamics. We leveraged extensive panther telemetry data to construct seasonal panther home range overlap networks over an 11 year period. We tested for differences in network connectivity, and used observed network characteristics to simulate transmission of a broad range of pathogens through dry and wet season networks. We found that panthers were more spatially connected in dry seasons than wet seasons. Further, these differences resulted in a trend toward larger and longer pathogen outbreaks when epidemics were initiated in the dry season. Our results demonstrate that seasonal variation in behavioral patterns—even among largely solitary species—can have substantial impacts on epidemic dynamics.
Short-chain fatty acid, butyrate prevents morphine-and paclitaxel-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity
Authors: Jessup Dawn , Woods Kareem , Thakker Sach , Damaj M. Imad , Akbarali Hamid I.
Published: October 2023

Nociceptive hypersensitivity is a significant side effect with the chronic administration of opioids as well as chemotherapeutics. Both opioid-induced hypersensitivity (OIH) and chemotherapy-induced hypersensitivity (CIH) are characterized by an increased sensitivity to painful stimuli which can significantly reduce the quality of life for individuals on either drug(s). Here we demonstrate the nociceptive hypersensitivity associated with repeated administration of morphine (opioid) and paclitaxel (chemotherapeutic) treatment can be reversed by oral supplementation with the short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) sodium butyrate (NaBut). In two separate mouse behavioral models for nociceptive hypersensitivity, we found that thermal hyperalgesia (for OIH) and cold allodynia (for CIH) were prevented by treatment with oral butyrate (p.o, b.i.d). Electrophysiological recordings of small diameter dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons from morphine and paclitaxel treated mice showed an increase in neuronal hyperexcitability in both drug models which was likewise prevented by oral butyrate treatment. Using colonic conditioned media obtained from excised colon segments we found that gut mediators of morphine treated mice can induce hyperexcitability in naïve DRG neurons, but such enhanced excitability is not present when animals are co-treated with NaBut suggesting gut derived mediators modulate neuronal hyperexcitability. In-vitro NaBut treatment did not prevent morphine-induced excitability, suggesting an indirect role of butyrate in modulating neuronal hypersensitivity. These data taken together suggest that gut derived mediators affect opioid and chemotherapeutic-induced neuronal hypersensitivity that is prevented by the SCFA butyrate.
Study on the destruction law of physical and shear properties of soil in mining disturbance
Authors: Qiao Qiya , Shi Guangming , Yang Dejun , Wang Liyuan , Zhang Xuan , Li Shichang , Bai Xue-er
Published: October 2023

Underground mining activities can easily trigger surface subsidence and cause damage to surface soil. However, there is still a lack of studies on damaged soil, restricting ecological remediation in mining-induced subsidence regions to a certain degree. Focusing on the particular example of No. 4 Mine in Yili, Xinjiang, China, this study comprehensively combined field sampling, laboratory experiments, and data analysis to investigate the variation rules of basic physical properties and shear characteristics of soil samples. The latter had different subsidence degrees (0, 0–20, 20–40, and above 40 cm) and various depths (0– 10, 10–20, 20– 40, 40–60, and 60–80 cm). The experimental results show that: First, the natural density and dry unit weight of shallow soil in the serious-subsidence region were more significantly affected by mining-induced subsidence than the conditions in the deep layer, which also dropped with the increase in subsidence degree (with a mean drop rate of 7%). Second, serious subsidence could greatly counteract the positive effect of slight and moderate subsidence on the soil shear strength, with a drop rate of up to 30.7%. Third, compared with soil physical indices, mining-induced subsidence more easily affected shear strength indices. In particular, the soil samples taken from 0 to  10 cm depth in the slight subsidence area and 60–80 cm depth in the moderate subsidence area were most significantly affected by mining-induced subsidence, with PCA comprehensive scores of over 1.5. The present study can con-tribute to gaining in-depth knowledge of the damage characteristics of surface soil under mining-induced subsidence and provide a theoretical foundation for formulating reasonable coal mining strategies and ecological protection measures.
Disposable facemask waste combustion emits neuroactive smoke particulate matter
Authors: Pastukhov Artem , Paliienko Konstantin , Pozdnyakova Natalia , Krisanova Natalia , Dudarenko Marina , Kalynovska Lilia , Tarasenko Alla , Gnatyuk Olena , Dovbeshko Galina , Borisova Tatiana
Published: October 2023

Tremendous deposits of disposable medical facemask waste after the COVID-19 pandemic require improvement of waste management practice according to WHO report 2022, moreover facemasks are still in use around the world to protect against numerous airborne infections. Here, water-suspended smoke preparations from the combustion of disposable medical facemasks (polypropylene fibers) were collected; size, zeta potential, surface groups of smoke particulate matter were determined by dynamic light scattering, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, and their optical properties were characterized. Neurochemical study using nerve terminals isolated from rat cortex revealed a significant decrease in the initial rate of the uptake/accumulation of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, L-[14C]glutamate and [3H]GABA, and exocytotic release, and also an increase in the extracellular level of these neurotransmitters. Fluorescent measurements revealed that ROS generation induced by hydrogen peroxide and glutamate receptor agonist kainate decreased in nerve terminals. A decrease in the membrane potential of nerve terminals and isolated neurons, the mitochondrial potential and synaptic vesicle acidification was also shown. Therefore, accidental or intentional utilization of disposable medical facemask waste by combustion results in the release of neuroactive ultrafine particulate matter to the environment, thereby contributing to plastic-associated pollution of air and water resources and neuropathology development and expansion.
Bioplastic (poly-3-hydroxybutyrate)-producing Massilia endophytica sp. nov., isolated from Cannabis sativa L. ‘Cheungsam’
Authors: Jeon Doeun , Jiang Lingmin , Kim Ki-Hyun , Peng Yuxin , Cho Donghyun , Jeong Rae-Dong , Kim Cha Young , Jeong Jae Cheol , Lee Jiyoung
Published: October 2023

A rod-shaped, motile, Gram-negative bacterial strain named DM-R-R2A-13T was isolated from the plant Cannabis sativa L. ‘Cheungsam’. The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain DM-R-R2A-13T belongs to the family Oxalobacteraceae and is closely related to members of the genus Massilia, with Massilia flava (97.58% sequence similarity) and Massilia armeniaca (97.37% sequence similarity) being the closest members. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain DM-R-R2A-13T and Massilia flava CGMCC 1.10685T and Massilia armeniaca ZMN-3Twere 22.2% and 23.3%, while the average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were 78.85% and 79.63%, respectively. The DNA G+C content was measured to be 64.6 mol%. Moreover, the bacterium was found to contain polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) granules based on transmission electron microscopy, indicating its potential to produce bioplastic. Genome annotation revealed the presence of PHA synthase genes (phaC, phaR, phaP, and phaZ), and the biopolymer was identified as poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses. Using maltose as a carbon source, the strain produced PHB of up to 58.06% of its dry cell weight. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic characteristics, it has been determined that DM-R-R2A-13T represents a novel species belonging to the genus Massilia. As such, the name Massilia endophytica sp. nov. is proposed for this newly identified species. The type strain is DM-R-R2A-13T (= KCTC 92072T = GDMCC 1.2920T).
Brief floodplain inundation provides growth and survival benefits to a young-of-year fish in an intermittent river threatened by water development
Authors: Pratt Oliver P. , Beesley Leah S. , Pusey Bradley J. , Gwinn Daniel C. , Keogh Chris S. , Douglas Michael M.
Published: October 2023

Riverine floodplains are highly productive habitats that often act as nurseries for fish but are threatened by flow regulation. The Fitzroy River in northern Australia is facing development, but uncertainty exists regarding the extent to which floodplain habitats deliver benefits to fish, particularly given the brevity of seasonal floodplain inundation. We investigated the growth rate of young-of-year bony bream (Nematalosa erebi) in main channel and ephemeral floodplain habitats using age derived from otolith daily increments. We also investigated potential mechanisms influencing growth and modelled the consequences of differential growth rate on survival. Our results revealed higher growth occurred exclusively on the floodplain and that zooplankton biomass was the best predictor of growth rate. Modelling indicated that elevated growth rate in high-growth floodplain pools (top 25th percentile) could translate into substantial increases in survivorship. The positive effect of zooplankton biomass on growth was moderated under highly turbid conditions. Temperature had a minor influence on growth, and only in floodplain habitats. Our results indicate ephemeral floodplain habitats can deliver substantial growth and survival benefits to young-of-year fish even when floodplain inundation is brief. This study highlights the need to ensure that water policy safeguards floodplain habitats due to their important ecological role.
CANVAS-related RFC1 mutations in patients with immune-mediated neuropathy
Authors: Hirano Makito , Kuwahara Motoi , Yamagishi Yuko , Samukawa Makoto , Fujii Kanako , Yamashita Shoko , Ando Masahiro , Oka Nobuyuki , Nagano Mamoru , Matsui Taro , Takeuchi Toshihide , Saigoh Kazumasa , Kusunoki Susumu , Takashima Hiroshi , Nagai Yoshitaka
Published: October 2023

Cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, and vestibular areflexia syndrome (CANVAS) has recently been attributed to biallelic repeat expansions in RFC1. More recently, the disease entity has expanded to atypical phenotypes, including chronic neuropathy without cerebellar ataxia or vestibular areflexia. Very recently, RFC1 expansions were found in patients with Sjögren syndrome who had neuropathy that did not respond to immunotherapy. In this study RFC1 was examined in 240 patients with acute or chronic neuropathies, including 105 with Guillain-Barré syndrome or Miller Fisher syndrome, 76 with chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy, and 59 with other types of chronic neuropathy. Biallelic RFC1 mutations were found in three patients with immune-mediated neuropathies, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, idiopathic sensory ataxic neuropathy, or anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) neuropathy, who responded to immunotherapies. In addition, a patient with chronic sensory autonomic neuropathy had biallelic mutations, and subclinical changes in Schwann cells on nerve biopsy. In summary, we found CANVAS-related RFC1 mutations in patients with treatable immune-mediated neuropathy or demyelinating neuropathy.
In vitro assessment of physiological traits and ROS detoxification pathways involved in tolerance of Damask rose genotypes under salt stress
Authors: Azizi Sahar , Seyed Hajizadeh Hanifeh , Aghaee Ahmad , Kaya Ozkan
Published: October 2023

Rosa damascena is one of the most important medicinal and ornamental plants in Iran which is tolerant of salinity to some extent. However, the selection of genotypes that are more tolerant to salinity will influence on Damask cultivation in salt stress-affected regions. For this purpose, a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replicates was performed under in vitro conditions on four Damask rose genotypes (Atashi, Bi-Khar, Chahar-Fasl and Kashan) at 5 concentrations of NaCl (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mM), and the physico-chemical traits were measured 14 and 28 days after treatment.The results showed that Atashi genotype with high levels of Chl a, Chl b, total Chl content, carotenoids, relative leaf water content, proline, total soluble protein, TPC, TFC, TAA, and the highest increase in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as GPX, APX, CAT, SOD, and POD as well as the lowest amount of hydrogen peroxide showed a better protection mechanism against oxidative damage than the other three genotypes (Bi-Khar, Chahar-Fasl and Kashan) in the 14th and 28th days by maintaining the constructive and induced activities of antioxidant enzymes, it was shown that Bi-Khar genotype had moderate tolerance and Kashan and Chahar-Fasl genotypes had low tolerance to salinity stress. In vitro selection methods can be used effectively for salt tolerant screening of Damask rose genotypes, although the same experiment should be conducted in open filed cultures to verify the in vitro experimental results.
Inactive S. aureus Cas9 downregulates alpha-synuclein and reduces mtDNA damage and oxidative stress levels in human stem cell model of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Sastre Danuta , Zafar Faria , Torres C. Alejandra Morato , Piper Desiree , Kirik Deniz , Sanders Laurie H. , Qi L. Stanley , Schüle Birgitt
Published: October 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, but no disease modifying therapies have been successful in clinical translation presenting a major unmet medical need. A promising target is alpha-synuclein or its aggregated form, which accumulates in the brain of PD patients as Lewy bodies. While it is not entirely clear which alpha-synuclein protein species is disease relevant, mere overexpression of alpha-synuclein in hereditary forms leads to neurodegeneration. To specifically address gene regulation of alpha-synuclein, we developed a CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system based on the nuclease dead S. aureus Cas9 (SadCas9) fused with the transcriptional repressor domain Krueppel-associated box to controllably repress alpha-synuclein expression at the transcriptional level. We screened single guide (sg)RNAs across the SNCA promoter and identified several sgRNAs that mediate downregulation of alpha-synuclein at varying levels. CRISPRi downregulation of alpha-synuclein in iPSC-derived neuronal cultures from a patient with an SNCA genomic triplication showed functional recovery by reduction of oxidative stress and mitochondrial DNA damage. Our results are proof-of-concept in vitro for precision medicine by targeting the SNCA gene promoter. The SNCA CRISPRi approach presents a new model to understand safe levels of alpha-synuclein downregulation and a novel therapeutic strategy for PD and related alpha-synucleinopathies.
Designing and computational analyzing of chimeric long-lasting GLP-1 receptor agonists for type 2 diabetes
Authors: Ehsasatvatan Maryam , Baghban Kohnehrouz Bahram
Published: October 2023

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an intestinally derived incretin that plays a vital role in engineering the biological circuit involved in treating type 2 diabetes. Exceedingly short half-life (1–2 min) of GLP-1 limits its therapeutic applicability, and the implication of its new variants is under question. Since albumin-binding DARPin as a mimetic molecule has been reported to increase the serum half-life of therapeutic compounds, the interaction of new variants of GLP-1 in fusion with DARPin needs to be examined against the GLP-1 receptor. This study was aimed to design stable and functional fusion proteins consisting of new protease-resistant GLP-1 mutants (mGLP1) genetically fused to DARPin as a critical step toward developing long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonists. The stability and solubility of the engineered fusion proteins were analyzed, and their secondary and tertiary structures were predicted and satisfactorily validated. Molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed that the predicted structures of engineered fusion proteins remained stable throughout the simulation. The relative binding affinity of the engineered fusion proteins' complex with human serum albumin and the GLP-1 receptor individually was assessed using molecular docking analyses. It revealed a higher affinity compared to the interaction of the individual GLP-1 and HSA-binding DARPin with the GLP-1 receptor and human serum albumin, respectively. The present study suggests that engineered fusion proteins can be used as a potential molecule in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and this study provides insight into further experimental use of mimetic complexes as alternative molecules to be evaluated as new bio-breaks in the engineering of biological circuits in the treatment of type 2 diabetes.
Neuron Navigator 1 (Nav1) regulates the response to cocaine in mice
Authors: Bagley Jared R. , Tan Yalun , Zhu Wan , Cheng Zhuanfen , Takeda Saori , Fang Zhouqing , Arslan Ahmed , Wang Meiyue , Guan Yuan , Jiang Lihua , Jian Ruiqi , Gu Feng , Parada Isabel , Prince David , Jentsch J. David , Peltz Gary
Published: October 2023

Genetic variation accounts for much of the risk for developing a substance use disorder, but the underlying genetic factors and their genetic effector mechanisms are mostly unknown. Inbred mouse strains exhibit substantial and heritable differences in the extent of voluntary cocaine self-administration. Computational genetic analysis of cocaine self-administration data obtained from twenty-one inbred strains identified Nav1, a member of the neuron navigator family that regulates dendrite formation and axonal guidance, as a candidate gene. To test this genetic hypothesis, we generated and characterized Nav1 knockout mice. Consistent with the genetic prediction, Nav1 knockout mice exhibited increased voluntary cocaine intake and had increased motivation for cocaine consumption. Immunohistochemistry, electrophysiology, and transcriptomic studies were performed as a starting point for investigating the mechanism for the Nav1 knockout effect. Nav1 knockout mice had a reduced inhibitory synapse density in their cortex, increased excitatory synaptic transmission in their cortex and hippocampus, and increased excitatory neurons in a deep cortical layer. Collectively, our results indicate that Nav1 regulates the response to cocaine, and we identified Nav1 knockout induced changes in the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic balance in the cortex and hippocampus that could contribute to this effect.
Pseudogene MAPK6P4-encoded functional peptide promotes glioblastoma vasculogenic mimicry development
Authors: Zhang Mengyang , Zhao Yubo , Liu Xiaobai , Ruan Xuelei , Wang Ping , Liu Libo , Wang Di , Dong Weiwei , Yang Chunqing , Xue Yixue
Published: October 2023

Glioma is the most common primary malignancy of the central nervous system. Glioblastoma (GBM) has the highest degree of malignancy among the gliomas and the strongest resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) provides tumor cells with a blood supply independent of endothelial cells and greatly restricts the therapeutic effect of anti-angiogenic tumor therapy for glioma patients. Vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin) are currently recognized molecular markers of VM in tumors. In the present study, we show that pseudogene MAPK6P4 deficiency represses VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin protein expression levels, as well as inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and VM development of GBM cells. The MAPK6P4-encoded functional peptide P4-135aa phosphorylates KLF15 at the S238 site, promoting KLF15 protein stability and nuclear entry to promote GBM VM formation. KLF15 was further confirmed as a transcriptional activator of LDHA, where LDHA binds and promotes VEGFR2 and VE-cadherin lactylation, thereby increasing their protein expression. Finally, we used orthotopic and subcutaneous xenografted nude mouse models of GBM to verify the inhibitory effect of the above factors on GBM VM development. In summary, this study may represent new targets for the comprehensive treatment of glioma.
Superflux of an organic adlayer towards its local reactive immobilization
Authors: Salamon David , Bukvišová Kristýna , Jan Vít , Potoček Michal , Čechal Jan
Published: October 2023

On-surface mass transport is the key process determining the kinetics and dynamics of on-surface reactions, including the formation of nanostructures, catalysis, or surface cleaning. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) localized on a majority of surfaces dramatically change their properties and act as reactants in many surface reactions. However, the fundamental question “How far and how fast can the molecules travel on the surface to react?” remains open. Here we show that isoprene, the natural VOC, can travel ~1 μm s−1, i.e., centimeters per day, quickly filling low-concentration areas if they become locally depleted. We show that VOC have high surface adhesion on ceramic surfaces and simultaneously high mobility providing a steady flow of resource material for focused electron beam synthesis, which is applicable also on rough or porous surfaces. Our work established the mass transport of reactants on solid surfaces and explored a route for nanofabrication using the natural VOC layer.
Stress–strain relationships and yielding of metal-organic framework monoliths
Authors: Tricarico Michele , Besnard Cyril , Cinque Gianfelice , Korsunsky Alexander M. , Tan Jin-Chong
Published: October 2023

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as a versatile material platform for a wide range of applications. However, the development of practical devices is constrained by their inherently low mechanical stability. The synthesis of MOFs in a monolithic morphology represents a viable way for the transition of these materials from laboratory research to real-world applications. For the design of MOF-based devices, the mechanical characterization of such materials cannot be overlooked. In this regard, stress-strain relationships represent the most valuable tool for assessing the mechanical response of materials. Here, we use flat punch nanoindentation, micropillar compression and Raman microspectroscopy to investigate the stress-strain behaviour of MOF monoliths. A pseudo-plastic flow is observed under indentation, where the confining pressure prevents unstable crack propagation. Material flow is accommodated by grain boundary sliding, with occasional stepwise cracking to accommodate excessive stress building up. Micropillar compression reveals a brittle failure of ZIF-8, while plastic flow is observed for MIL-68.
FPsim: an agent-based model of family planning
Authors: O’Brien Michelle L. , Valente Annie , Kerr Cliff C. , Proctor Joshua L. , Noori Navideh , Root Elisabeth D. , Olsen Helen , Buxton Samuel , Chabot-Couture Guillaume , Klein Daniel J. , Zimmermann Marita
Published: October 2023

The behavioral and biological underpinnings of family planning (FP) unfold on an individual level, across a full reproductive life course, and within a complex system of social and structural constraints. Yet, much of the existing FP modeling landscape has focused solely on macro- or population-level dynamics of family planning. There is a need for an individual-based approach to provide a deeper understanding of how family planning is intertwined with individuals’ lives and health at the micro-level, which can contribute to more effective, person-centered design of both contraceptive technologies and programmatic interventions. This article introduces the Family Planning Simulator (FPsim), a data-driven, agent-based model of family planning, which explicitly models individual heterogeneity in biology and behavior over the life course. Agents in FPsim can experience a wide range of life-course events, such as increases in fecundability (and primary infertility), sexual debut, contraceptive choice, postpartum family planning, abortion, miscarriage, stillbirth, infant mortality, and maternal mortality. The core components of the model—fecundability and contraceptive choice, are represented individually and probabilistically, following age-specific patterns observed in demographic data and prospective cohort studies. Once calibrated to a setting leveraging multiple sources of data, FPsim can be used to build hypothetical scenarios and interrogate counterfactual research questions about the use, non-use, and/or efficacy of family planning programs and contraceptive methods. To our knowledge, FPsim is the first open-source, individual-level, woman-centered model of family planning.
Soil Remediation Applications of Nanoparticles
Authors: Yadav Sudesh , Rhakho Novuhulu , Ibrar Ibrar , Altaee Ali , Samal Akshaya K.
Published: October 2023

Soil pollution occurs when abnormally high concentrations of toxic substances are present in the soil. The occurrence of inorganic and organic pollutants in the soil has become a critical environmental and public health threat. Due to their unique characteristics of high reactivity, selectivity, and versatility, nanomaterials have shown great potential to face complex issues and develop novel approaches for soil remediation. In this chapter, we provide an outline on the soil composition, major pollutants, and impact on human health and the ecosystem. We have also emphasised the numerous conventional soil remediation methods, the nano-based remediation approaches, and the diverse kinds of nanomaterials employed, assessing their application in the future for soil remediation. This chapter also addresses the following key points: (i) the applications and corresponding mechanisms of various nanomaterials for soil remediation and (ii) the environmental implications of various nanomaterials during remediation applications.
Source, Remediation and Health Effects of Nanoparticles in Urban Air
Authors: Uysal Abdullah , Ozunlu Sedef , Kinayyigit Solen
Published: October 2023

Recent experimental results from various works proved that the emerging addition of nanosized fuel additives is an unsurpassed alternative to exhaust gas treatment devices for the reduction of toxic emissions. These nano-additives aid in the improvement of combustion characteristics along with an enhancement in the thermophysical properties, heat transfer rate, and stabilization of fuel mixtures. The first part of this chapter focuses on the comparison of efforts for emission reduction by using nanoparticle additives in various fuel derivatives. The nanoparticle additives mentioned herein are classified as metallic, non-metallic, oxygenated, carbonaceous, organic, and/or combined composition. The effects of nanoparticle shape, size, and dispersion as well as the optimum quantity of fuel additives on the emission characteristics are discussed. Furthermore, urban air studies are presented in the second part of this chapter with a special emphasis on traffic-based emissions. Finally, the toxic effects of airborne nano-pollutants on human health are discussed.
Engineered Magnetic Nanoparticles as Environmental Remediation Agents
Authors: Muthu Meenakshi M. , Annasamy Gowri , Krishnan Saravanan , Hema Brindha M. , Narasimhan Ashwin Kumar
Published: October 2023

Technological advancements during the industrial revolution have caused pollution of the ecosystem, resulting in the accumulation of many harmful substances in the land, water, and air. Remediation of such toxic substances from the environment is critical for improving human health and preserving the well-being of flora and fauna. In this direction, magnetic nanocomposites have become the popular choice of adsorbents for environmental remediation mainly due to their large surface area, ease of separation, and recovery after sorption. This chapter aims to explain how magnetic nanoparticles can be used in environmental remediation by discussing their synthesis, purification, and subsequent recovery/reuse. The chapter also probed the significance of magnetic nanoparticles for improving the remediation efficiency in wastewater treatment units, soil remediation sectors, and gas stream treatment industries.
Multiphysics Simulation on Nanoparticle Environmental Paths and Recovery
Authors: Maniotis N.
Published: October 2023

While direct and quantitative measurements of nanomaterials in complex environmental matrices remain challenging, environmental fate models can be used alternatively for estimating nanomaterial distributions in the environment. Since experimental approaches are not only time-consuming, but also cumbersome and expensive, mathematical models and multiphysics simulations could help facilitate the understanding of environmental paths, transport, and interaction of nanomaterials in various systems and how such processes can be optimized to achieve their maximum recovery. Throughout this chapter, current engineered nanomaterial exposure models are largely classified into three types: material flow analysis models, multimedia compartmental models and spatial river/watershed models. Material flow analysis models, which have already been used to derive predicted environmental concentrations, are also used to estimate the release of nanomaterials as inputs to environmental fate models. Furthermore, this chapter reviews and critically analyzes the latest developments in mathematical modeling and simulation techniques that have been reported for nanoparticle recovery by discussing the challenges ahead. The research gaps in the modeling approach are also analyzed with the aim of further enlightening the modeling on nanoparticle environmental paths and recovery.
Simultaneous derivatization and extraction of amphetamine and methamphetamine using dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction prior to their analysis using GC-FID in creatine supplements
Authors: Golsanamlou Mahdi , Nemati Mahboob , Afshar Mogaddam Mohammad Reza , Farajzadeh Mir Ali
Published: October 2023

This study is focused on the development of a sensitive, reliable, and efficient extraction procedure for the determination of amphetamine and methamphetamine utilized in the adulteration of creatine sports supplements.
Mass spectrometry friendly pH-gradient anion exchange chromatography for the separation of full and empty adeno-associated virus (AAV) capsids
Authors: Guapo Felipe , Füssl Florian , Strasser Lisa , Bones Jonathan
Published: October 2023

Full/empty AAV capsid ratio assessment based on pH-gradient anion exchange chromatography with fluorescence detection interfaced to mass spectrometry.
Allosteric regulation of the lid domain of PCK2 as a novel strategy for modulating mitochondrial dynamics
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Ling , Yang Zhuo , Liao Li-xi , Yao Xiao-jun , Tu Peng-fei , Zeng Ke-wu
Published: October 2023

Aberrant PCK2 overexpression has been linked to an unfavorable prognosis and shorter survival, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
An organic–inorganic hybrid material [Me3NCH2CH2F]FeBr4 exhibits three-step SHG on/off
Authors: Zhang Haina , Wang Lingyu , Guo Wenjing , Cai Hu , Wei Zhenhong
Published: October 2023

A novel organic–inorganic hybrid material [Me3NCH2CH2F]FeBr4 (1) with a true three-step “on–off–on–off” SHG switch above room temperature is a rare nonlinear optical (NLO) material.
Full-dimensional potential energy surface for the photodissociation of HNCO via its S1 band
Authors: Hou Siting , Wang Zhimo , Xie Changjian
Published: October 2023

A new full-dimensional neural network potential energy surface for the S1 state of HNCO dissociation into H + NCO and HN + CO channels is developed, which provides a base for further theoretical studies on dynamics.
Adsorption and diffusion of actinyls on the basal gibbsite (001) surface: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Xie Xingyu , Shi Mingyang , Zhou Xuying , Li Xianqiong , Jiang Gang , Du Jiguang
Published: October 2023

The microscopic adsorption and diffusion mechanisms of actinyl ions, U(v), U(vi), Np(v), Np(vi), Pu(v), and Pu(vi) on the gibbsite (001) surface were investigated.