bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neural Correlates of Reactive Inhibition in Gambling Disorder: An FMRI Study with Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)
Authors: Pallanti Stefano
Published: November 2024

Gambling Disorder (GD) is a condition characterized by a persistent and recurrent pattern of problematic gambling behavior. Despite significant advances in understanding the neurobiological correlates of Gambling Disorder phenomenological manifestation, there are still several unanswered questions regarding the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying GD. There is substantial evidence from fMRI studies on the role of pre-SMA stimulation in psychiatric conditions with impairments in response inhibition such as behavioral addictions on enhancing the activity of the brain circuitry involving the right inferior (IFG) and middle frontal gyrus (MFG) (two cortical areas are differentially associated with two distinct aspects of control inhibition). In this study we utilized task-related functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) to explore the impact of continuous Theta-Burst Stimulation (cTBS) on the pre-Supplementary Motor Area (pre-SMA) in patients with Gambling Disorder (GD). Four GD patients underwent cTBS on bilateral pre-SMA, administered with the MagVenture MagPro R30 stimulator with add-on theta-burst option (MagVenture INC.) using a Cool D-B80 figure-of-eight coil. cTBS consists of bursts of 3 pulses separated by 20 ms (i.e., 50 Hz) delivered repeatedly at theta frequency on the pre-SMA bilaterally. Changes in Functional Connectivity (FC) were assessed before and after Real or Sham treatment using CONN functional connectivity toolbox and Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM). The study aimed to determine whether cTBS influences the functional connectivity between pre-SMA and right prefrontal areas, specifically the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (rIFG) and right Middle Frontal Gyrus (rMFG), and whether these changes correlate with treatment outcomes. Results indicated that real cTBS treatment increased functional connectivity between pre-SMA and both rIFG and rMFG, suggesting enhanced control inhibition. This was associated with a reduction in Gambling Disorder symptom severity, assessed with the Pathological Gambling version of the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale (PG-YBOCS) and the Gambling Urges Questionnaire (GUQ), indicating a treatment response. Conversely, sham cTBS did not elicit the same positive FC changes in the reactive control inhibition network, aligning with behavioral measures. The study highlighted the potential of cTBS on pre-SMA in modulating inhibitory control circuit. Overall, this preliminary investigation provides a foundation for future investigations into the neurobiological mechanisms underlying GD and the potential efficacy of TMS interventions.
Electrochemotherapy to Treat a Single Thoracic Metastasis in Patient with Breast Cancer
Authors: Mazzotti Eva
Published: November 2024

Electrochemotherapy represents one of the therapeutic breakthroughs in the oncology field. In this case report, we describe a woman diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005. The case was treated surgically with right breast mastectomy, with axillary dissection for estrogen receptor positive ductal carcinoma, followed by a course of chemotherapy. Radiotherapy and hormonal adjuvant therapy with aromatase inhibitor were used for 8 years and the treatment plan was completed in 2014. After 17 years from the surgery, a thoracic Hight Resolution Computed Tomography scan showed a single node localized in right intercostal space, treated with a loco-regional treatment without complications. This allowed us to make the patient disease-free again. This case opens a choice in a loco-regional treatment to offer at a patient a new chance.
Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus, Surgical Management. Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Chinchilla Trigos Luis Alberto
Published: November 2024

More than 100 years after the first record of esophageal melanoma in the literature, made by Baur in 1906, which was finally considered metastasis and not a primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (MMPE), little is known about this pathology, with no overall 5-year survival rate. At the time of presentation of this case in 2022, the literature recorded approximately 400 cases of primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus, which corresponds to 0.2% of all esophageal neoplasms and, in terms of melanoma presentation sites, it occupies last place 0.5 to 1%, only preceded by anal canal melanoma. With the aim of contributing to the global casuistry, we present this case report of a 59-year-old woman with a primary malignant melanoma of the distal thoracic esophagus, treated at the Antioquia Oncology Center (COA). Envigado, Antioquia, Colombia, in light of the best evidence available in the literature and the scientific technical resources available at the institution.
Disorders of blood oxygenation during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for AH1N1 pneumonia in exacerbated chronic myeloid leukemia treated by initiation of chemotherapy
Authors: Szkulmowski Zbigniew
Published: November 2024

Patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome require supportive treatment with mechanical ventilation with or without extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to maintain optimal oxygenation. Persistent inefficient blood oxygenation can be related to severity of clinical presentation, technical issues, or concomitant diseases. In this case report, man previously suffering from chronic myeloid leukemia received extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for influenza A virus subtype H1N1. Despite invasive oxygenation therapy, it was not possible to achieve amelioration of arterial blood oxygenation. After a differential diagnosis, pathological hyperleukocytosis was identified as a potential reason of oxygenation impairment, which improved after introduction of concomitant chemotherapy that lowered leukocytes count.
The use of Bioceramic Cements in the Obturation of the Root Canal System
Authors: Oliveira Sellmann Luiz de
Published: November 2024

As one of the main areas of Dentistry, Endodontics aims to repair periradicular tissues, allowing the affected tooth to reestablish its functions through its treatment. With this objective in mind, different types of root canal sealers (RCS) have been created in order to improve the healing of desired tissues. The main objective of this work is to analyze, through a literature review, studies on the use of second generation bioceramic cement in the voids of root canal systems, highlighting the essential properties in its clinical use, its advantages and disadvantages, and also compare its effectiveness with the oldest cements on the market. The methodology used was bibliographic research, exploring in sources such as research articles, meta-analysis and clinical trials published in Portuguese and English, selected through the search descriptors PubMed, Lilacs and Scielo. The results of the studies showed the efficacy in the use of bioceramic cement in the voids of root canal systems, since they have the ability to fill and seal, manifesting dimensional stability, avoiding the recontamination of the canals, among other benefits. However, in relation to retreatment, this type of sealer presented some difficulties in its removal when traditional techniques were used, being indicated to associate the use of mechanized techniques to improve its removal. It could also be observed the need for further studies in this area, as the analyzed studies have limitations, due to such types of cements being still relatively new to the market, meaning that the long-term success rate of the treatment is still unclear.
Use of Pentoxifylline in Lipoidoproteinosis or Urbach’s Disease: Case Report
Authors: Cañarte Mero Jennifer Katherine
Published: November 2024

Lipoidoproteinosis or Urbach’s disease, is a genodermatosis with an autosomal recessive transmission pattern, without sex predilection. Characterized by varying degrees of intercellular deposits of hyaline material in the skin, mucous membranes and internal organs, leading to infiltration and thickening of affected organs. The course is slow and benign. Two cases are reported: a 6-year-old schoolgirl who consulted for dry skin and hoarseness since she was 2 years old; and a 13-year-old adolescent with similar symptoms. The clinical and histopathological diagnosis is made. Treatment with oral pentoxifylline was started, and a significant improvement of the lesions was observed after six months.
Atrial Fibrillation and Lifestyle Modification: Charting New Courses for Cardiovascular Health
Authors: Fahimi Behzad
Published: November 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF), a complex cardiac arrhythmia, necessitates a shift in management paradigms, emphasizing an integrative approach that incorporates lifestyle modifications. Investigations into the role of interleukins and inflammatory mediators are underway, exploring their potential as diagnostic markers and predictors of cardiovascular events in AF. Despite the identification of biomarkers related to cardiac remodeling, their predictive ability for post-cardioversion outcomes remains controversial. Computational models are being developed to understand proarrhythmic contributions and identify anti-AF targets. Addressing the rising global incidence of AF, linked to stroke and heart failure, presents a critical health challenge. As risk factors like obesity prevail, AF becomes a pervasive public health concern, expected to double in prevalence over the next 50 years. The impact on mortality and morbidity, especially through hospitalizations, underscores the need for early detection and effective clinical management. Identifying individuals at increased AF risk becomes crucial for screening and prevention strategies. Lifestyle modifications, including weight management and physical activity, emerge as influential factors in AF management, offering the potential to alleviate symptoms and modify disease progression. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for safer antiarrhythmic therapies based on AF mechanisms, promising improvement in global AF management. The multifaceted nature of AF etiology requires a broader perspective beyond traditional medical interventions, acknowledging the importance of integrated care to address this significant public health challenge.
Promising role of Faecal Microbiota Transplantation in Cancer Management
Authors: Gupta Purshottam Das
Published: November 2024

Cancer is not one disease; there may be more than 100 types, however, the causative factor that is mutation of gene is the common cause. Cancer Survives against all odds and develop strategies to evade body’s immune system. Cancers can be effectively managed by treatments like chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiotherapy, etc. However, side effects of such therapies are sometimes intolerable; more so, many a times cancers develop resistance to these therapies. Initial trails for Faecal Microbiota Transplant (FMT) therapy are promising one and suitable alternative for immunological, pharmacological and radiological therapies without any what so ever side effects.
Ebstein’s Anomaly and Echocardiographic Features
Authors: Muthiah Ramachandran
Published: November 2024

Aim: To present the various echocardiographic spectrum of Ebstein’s malformation in adolescence and adults. Introduction: Ebstein’s anomaly has different anatomic and hemodynamic variables with clinical manifestations of cyanosis, right-sided heart failure and arrhythmias. The leaflet tethering and dysplasia, together with dilatation of the tricuspid valve ring, constitute the anatomic cause of tricuspid regurgitation observed in this condition. Case reports: The spectrum of leaflet tethering from mild to extreme with varying degrees of tricuspid regurgitation were documented by echocardiography in a 16-year-old cyanotic male with Ebstein’s anomaly associated with an atrial septal defect and mild low tricuspid regurgitation (TR), 22-year-old acyanotic male with right-sided heart failure due to severe tricuspid regurgitation and an intact atrial septum, 55-year-old aymptomatic female with moderate high tricuspid regurgitation. The extreme form was described as an ‘atretic’ membrane in a 28-year-old cyanotic male and as a ‘blanket’ of leaflet tissue in a 30-year-old cyanotic male. Conclusion: Ebstein’s anomaly has to be suspected clinically in presence of cyanosis with a WPW (Wolf-Parkinson-White) or atrioventricular (AV) block pattern of ECG and its management is complex and must be individualized. RV (right ventricular) exclusion procedures are preferred in advanced cases.
Echocardiographic abnormalities in chronic hemodialysis patients
Authors: Amri Meriam
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Cardiovascular abnormalities are prevalent and often insidious in individuals with renal insufficiency, significantly contributing to mortality and morbidity among hemodialysis patients. Echocardiography plays a crucial role in detecting these abnormalities early, allowing for tailored interventions. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of echocardiographic findings in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted at the cardiology department of Ibn Rochd University Hospital from July 2022 to December 2023. Forty-two chronic hemodialysis patients were included, selected from ambulatory echocardiography consultations or cardiac hospitalizations. Transthoracic echocardiography examinations were performed. Results: Forty-two participants (25 women, 17 men) with an average age of 45.34 ± 13.4 years were enrolled. Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was the most common abnormality, affecting 54.7% of the cohort. Valvulopathy was identified in 41% of cases, with 10% showing valve calcifications. Left ventricular dilatation was present in 29.8% of participants. Pulmonary arterial hypertension was detected in 9% of cases, and pericarditis in 3.2%. The mean systolic ejection fraction (EF) was 51.52 ± 6.02%, with 10.4% displaying systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle. Discussion: Our findings corroborate global research, underscoring LVH as the predominant anomaly. Echocardiography emerges as indispensable in identifying these abnormalities, guiding tailored interventions to mitigate cardiovascular risk in hemodialysis patients. Conclusion: Echocardiography proves invaluable in diagnosing cardiac anomalies non-invasively, offering precision and reproducibility. Given the high prevalence of cardiac-related mortality in hemodialysis patients, its integration into clinical management protocols is imperative for improved patient outcomes.
Neoproterozoic volcanosedimentary and plutonic complexes of Northern Ulutau (Central Kazakhstan)
Authors: Tretyakov A. A. , Zhuravlev A. N. , Degtyarev K. E. , Kanygina N. A. , Salnikova E. B. , Kotov A. B. , Plotkina Yu. V. , Skuzovatov S. Y. , Fedorov B. V.
Published: November 2024

The article presents the results of studying and substantiating the age of Late Precambrian volcanogenic sedimentary and plutonic complexes of the northern part of the Ulutau terrane (Northern Ulutau) in the west of Central Kazakhstan. The age estimates obtained (SHRIMP II, ID-TIMS, LA-ICP-MS) indicate the formation of acidic effusions and granitoids in the second half of the Tonian Neoproterozoic period ~835‒747 million years ago. Geochronological and isotope-geochemical data allow us to consider these formations as analogues of stratified and plutonic complexes of Southern Ulutau, formed in various parts of the lateral series of structures of the late precambrian active continental margin.
Geological position of the Junggar terrane (Southern Kazakhstan) in the structure of Rodinia supercontinent: results of research of the late-precambrian metasedimentary complexes
Authors: Kanygina N. A. , Tretyakov A. A. , Degtyarev K. E. , Dubenskiy A. S. , Erofeeva K. G. , Sheshukov V. S. , Chervyakovskiy V. S. , Chervyakovskaya M. V.
Published: November 2024

The results of studying of the Precambrian metasedimentary sequences of the Junggar terrane located in South Kazakhstan are given in the article. In the structure of the Junggar terrane, we studied the rocks of the Sarychebyn group and Kosagash formation. Petrogeochemical data combined with the results of U‒Pb and Lu‒Hf isotope-geochronological studies of the detrital zircons showed that the Sarychebyn Group and the Kosagash formation represent a similar stratigraphic level that accumulation occurred in the Late Mesoproterozoic to Early Neoproterozoic (~1026‒~920 Ma). The main sources of the detrital zircon age populations were the Mesoproterozoic and Paleoproterozoic complexes. Among these complexes can be identified metabasites and metapelites of intermediate and high metamorphic grades, as well as felsic igneous rocks formed with the participation of various sources, can be distinguished. The Junggar terrane exhibits a close tectonic affinity with the Aktau-Mointy, Yili, Issyk-Kul, Chinese Central Tien-Shan, and the Northern Kazakhstan terranes in the Late Precambrian. They were probably located near the Sveconorwegian orogen in the western Baltica within the Rodinia supercontinent structure.
Comparison of neotectonic intermontane basins of Northern Armenia and Eastern Türkiye
Authors: Trifonov V. G. , Tesakov A. S. , Simakova A. N. , Ҫelik H. , Frolov P. D. , Bachmanov D. M. , Trikhunkov Ya. I.
Published: November 2024

The results of comparative analysis of the structure and history of the Neogene-Quaternary development of 18 inrermontane basins in Northern Armenia and Eastern Türkiye are presented. The research is based on expeditionary work carried out by the authors in 2012–2023, and supplemented by published materials from other researchers. Palaeontological, magnetostratigraphic and radioisotope data on the stratigraphy of the basins are analyzed. The comparison made it possible to identify four stages of basin development, expressed by the nature of sedimentation: (i) marine sedimentation; (ii) predominantly lacustrine accumulation of fine-grained clastic material transported from low uplifts; (iii) lacustrine-alluvial sedimentation with a significant proportion of coarse material carried down from neighboring uplifts: (iv) involvement of the basins in the total rise of the region, which in most depressions is expressed by increased incision of watercourses into previously emerged landforms, and in the Sevan depression is combined with ongoing lacustrine-alluvial sedimentation.
A consistent rejuvenation of stages (i)–(iii) of the basin development in the northern direction is revealed. It is caused with the growth and expansion to the north of the uplift of the Taurus Ridge in the process of its thrusting onto the Arabian Plate. At the same time, the development of the basins revealed the impact of tectonic events in the Middle and South Caspian. It was expressed in the Early Pliocene by the unconformity and the appearance of coarse clastic rocks, reflecting the increasing contrast of vertical movements between the Caucasian and Caspian regions, and at the end of the Late Pliocene by the penetration of waters of the Akchagylian transgression of the Caspian Sea into some basins. These features of the development of the basins did not depend on differences in their origin, which was determined by the influence of several factors. Among them, the main ones were movements on faults as a result of the interaction of lithospheric blocks and subsidence, caused by movements of sublithospheric masses, expressed by volcanism. Secondary roles were played by the behavior of the ophiolitic substrate and the tectono-volcanic damming of river valleys.
Expression of myoglobin by tumor cells and its role in progression of malignancy
Authors: Postnikova G. B. , Shekhovtsova E. A.
Published: November 2024

The review examines available literature data on the expression of myoglobin in various tumors and tumor cell lines of non-muscle nature, and the effect of hypoxia, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, hormones, growth factors, gender and age on this process. The influence of tumor myoglobin on processes occurring in cells – oxidative stress, inhibition of mitochondrial respiration by nitric oxide and fatty acid metabolism is also analyzed, both in the case of intrinsic endogenous (ectopic) expression of small amounts (~1 µM) of myoglobin and overexpression of the protein (~150 µM) via the myoglobin gene embedded in the tumour cell genome. It is concluded that hypoxia-induced intrinsic expression of low concentrations of myoglobin, due to its ability to utilise reactive oxygen and nitrogen species that can damage tumour cells, ensures their better survival, promoting tumour progression and metastasis. Accordingly, this myoglobin expression is generally associated with a more aggressive tumour type and poor prognosis for the course and outcome of the disease, and may thus serve as a “marker” of an aggressive malignancy. In contrast, artificial overexpression of myoglobin can significantly inhibit tumour development and improve disease course by switching cancer cell metabolism from tumour-specific glycolysis to oxidative phosphorylation inherent in healthy tissue. Myoglobin overexpression may thus be an effective therapeutic tool in oncology.
Mitochondrial donation as a mechanism of participation by mesenchymal stromal cells in regenerative processes
Authors: Krupnova A. D. , Tsomartova D. A. , Chereshneva E. V. , Ivanova M. Yu. , Tsomartova E. S. , Lomanovskaya T. A. , Pavlova M. S. , Payushina O. V.
Published: November 2024

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are universal regulators of regenerative processes due to their ability to secrete regulatory molecules or replace dead cells through differentiation in the appropriate direction. Recently, another mechanism for the beneficial effects of MSCs on damaged tissue has been discovered, such as the transfer of mitochondria into its cells in response to stress signals. MSCs can transfer mitochondria through tunneling nanotubes that form a communication bridge between cells, through gap junctions, by release as part of extracellular vesicles or in free form, and as a result of complete or partial fusion with recipient cells. In damaged cells that received mitochondria from MSCs, impaired energy metabolism is restored and oxidative stress is reduced, which is accompanied by increased survival, and in some cases also increased proliferation or a change in differentiation status. The restoration of energy after the transfer of mitochondria from MSCs has a beneficial effect on the functional activity of recipient cells and suppresses inflammatory reactions. A significant contribution of the MSC mitochondrial donation to the therapeutic efficacy of MSCs has been repeatedly demonstrated in models of damage to various organs in experimental animals. This stimulates the search for methods to enhance the process of mitochondrial donation. However, it should be taken into account that MSCs are able to transfer mitochondria to malignant cells as well, thereby stimulating tumor growth and increasing its resistance to chemotherapy. These data make it necessary to evaluate the prospects for the use of MSCs in cell therapy with caution. On the other hand, they can serve as a basis for the search for new therapeutic targets in the treatment of oncological diseases.
Cationic and ionizable amphiphiles based on di-hexadecyl ester of L-glutamic acid for liposomal transport of RNA
Authors: Bukharin G. A. , Budanova U. A. , Denieva Z. G. , Dubrovin E. V. , Sebyakin Yu. L.
Published: November 2024

Various RNAs are among the most promising and actively developed therapeutic agents for the treatment of tumors, infectious diseases and a number of other pathologies associated with the dysfunction of specific genes. Some nanocarriers are used for the effective delivery of RNAs to target cells, including liposomes based on cationic and/or ionizable amphiphiles. Cationic amphiphiles contain a protonated amino group and exist as salts in an aqueous environment. Ionizable amphiphiles are a new generation of cationic lipids that exhibit reduced toxicity and immunogenicity and undergo ionization only in the acidic environment of the cell. In this work we developed a scheme for the preparation and carried out the synthesis of new cationic and ionizable amphiphiles based on natural amino acids (L-glutamic acid, glycine, beta-alanine, and gamma-aminobutyric acid). Cationic and ionizable liposomes were formed based on the obtained compounds, mixed with natural lipids (phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol), and their physicochemical characteristics (particle size, zeta potential, and storage stability) were determined. Average diameter of particles stable for 5–7 days did not exceed 100 nm. Zeta potential of cationic and ionizable liposomes was about 30 and 1 mV, respectively. The liposomal particles were used to form complexes with RNA molecules. Such RNA complexes were characterized by atomic force microscopy and their applicability for nucleic acid transport was determined.
Thermally induced transformation tert-butyl peroxyethyl esters of carboxylic acids
Authors: Aleinikova T. P. , Vaniev M. A. , Seleznev A. A. , Navrotsky V. A. , Novakov I. A.
Published: November 2024

The features of thermolysis of tert-butyl peroxyethyl esters of carboxylic acids (CH₃)₃COOCH(CH₃)OC(O)R are investigated. Based on the identification of reaction products and the analysis of kinetic parameters, the fact of simultaneous transformation of four bonds (O–O, C–O, C–C and C–H) in a molecule with the formation of two molecules was proved for the first time [RC(O)OH and CO] and two free radicals [(CH₃)₃CO• and •CH₃], which, under experimental conditions, do not enter into a cross-break reaction, but detach the hydrogen atom from the solvent. Evidence of the coordinated (simultaneous) transformation of four bonds is the low (compared with the energy of bond dissociation) values of the activation energy and the pre-exponential multiplier, as well as negative values of the activation entropy.
Synthesis of spherical LiFePO₄ microparticles with encapsulated carbon nanotubes for high-power lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Babkin A. V. , Drozhzhin O. A. , Kubarkov A. V. , Antipov E. V. , Sergeyev V. G.
Published: November 2024

Lithium ferrophosphate – LiFePO₄(LFP) – is one of the widely studied and used materials for lithium-ion batteries. However, one of the main drawbacks of LFP is its poor electrical conductivity. To address this issue, we propose an effective approach based on encapsulating carbon nanotubes within the volume of LFP particles in the volume of spherical LFP particles. Electrodes based on the obtained materials exhibit more aTₜᵣactive electrochemical characteristics than LFP obtained by the standard method: increased specific capacity (62 and 92 mAh g–1 at a current density of 20C for LFP and LFP/SWCNT, respectively), stability of cyclic characteristics (preservation of 98% capacity after 100 charge/discharge cycles for LFP/SWCNT and 96.5% for LFP), as well as reduced charge transfer resistance. Encapsulation of SWCNT into the structure of iron phosphate during deposition is an easy-to-implement approach to formation modified LFP-based cathodes with improved characteristics, which expands the possibilities of their practical application in high-power lithium-ion batteries.
The change of phase composition and the morphology of particles of hydrothermal titanosilicate precipitates during their aging
Authors: Gerasimova L. G. , Shchukina E. S. , Nikolaev A. I. , Vinogradova S. V.
Published: November 2024

During the study of phase formation under conditions of hydrothermal synthesis of alkaline titanosilicate systems (NH₄)₂TiO(SO₄)₂⋅H₂O или TiOSO₄⋅H₂O-Na₂SiO₃-NaOH-H₂O it was found that the formed titanosilicate solid phases differ both in composition and structure. The process of their aging under conditions of long-term exposure without forced heating is accompanied mainly by the loss of free water without noticeable structural and morphological changes. The exposure to the temperature of 70–100°С significantly accelerates the process of solid phase transformation. In these conditions, a porous system of particles is formed, which is confirmed by an increase in their specific surface area and total pore volume, as well as by an increase in the activity of the powders to absorb single- and double-charged cations. The effectiveness of hydrochloric acid treatment of fresh and especially aged precipitates on the ordering of the structure with the formation of crystals of a clear frame shape, inherent in the minerals zorite and ivanyukite, which contributes to increasing the sorption capacity of the final product is shown. The obtained results are used to adjust the technological regulations, which are used to test the technology of titanosilicate sorbent on the pilot plant.
The structure of humates in aqueous solutions and their biological activity
Authors: Fedotov G. N. , Shoba S. A. , Gorepekin I. V. , Gracheva T. A. , Kachalkin A. V. , Konkina U. A. , Ushkova D. A.
Published: November 2024

When studying humate solutions, it is often not taken into account that humic substances (HS) can form supramolecular formations (SMFs) from molecular particles. These SMFs are highly stable, that is, the particles-molecules of HS do not separate from them spontaneously. It follows that at concentrations of the existence of SMFs, it is they, and not the particles-molecules of HS, that should be in solutions and determine their properties. The purpose of the study is to assess the influence of the form of existence of HS in solutions on their physico-chemical properties and biological activity. Solutions of sodium humate from brown coal were used in the work. The experimental results showed that with an increase in the concentration of humates, an abrupt increase in pH in the range of 30–50 mg l⁻¹ is observed. These concentrations correspond to the literature data on changes in the structure of HC in solutions: at concentrations above 30 mg l⁻¹ – barrier concentration – HS molecules form SMFs by self-assembly. Both molecular particles and SMFs, due to the diphilicity of HS, have the properties of surfactants. That is, in solutions at the interface of the “water–air” phases, HS films form. The strength of the films depends on the size of its constituent particles and the speed of their movement from the thickness to the surface of the solution. When plotting graphs in the coordinates “Film formation time in hours–Log humate concentration, mg l⁻¹”, a jump corresponding to the barrier concentration was detected on the curves. It was also found that during foliar treatment of cucumber shoots with mechanoactivated humate solutions with concentrations below the barrier, the stimulation effect increases, apparently due to the transition from the existence of HS in solution in the form of SMFs to existence in the form of particles-molecules that, due to their small size, can penetrate plant cells.
Multiplet relaxation transitions in fluorurethane coating after climate aging
Authors: Lebedev M. P. , Startsev O. V. , Koval T. V. , Veligodsky I. M.
Published: November 2024

The relaxation transition from a glassy to a highly elastic state (α-transition) of a fluoropolyurethane coating deposited on the surface of VPS-48/778 glass fiber reinforced plastic was studied using the method of dynamic mechanical analysis. It is shown that the relaxation maximum of the dynamic loss modulus in the initial state is a superposition of α1-, α2-, α3-transitions, corresponding, respectively, to transitions from the glassy to highly elastic state of VE-69 enamel and EP-0215 epoxy primer. The transition temperature α1, which is the glass transition temperature of fluoropolyurethane VE-69, after 3 years of exposure decreases in proportion to the average annual air temperature of the region. The transition temperatures α2 and α3 after full-scale exposure due to post-curing increased by 13−15°C and acquired stable values α2 = 99 ± 1°C, α3 = 122.5 ± 0.5°C, regardless of the climatic conditions of the tests.
Features of electronic structure of (η⁵-C₅H₅)LuCl₂(THF)₃
Authors: Lyssenko K. A. , Roitershtein D. M. , Bardonov D. A. , Minyaev M. E.
Published: November 2024

For the first time, a topological analysis of the electron density distribution function in a crystal for an organolanthanide compound was carried out using the CpLuCl₂(THF)₃ complex as an example. The charges on atoms were determined. A predominantly ionic nature of the Lu–ligand bond was confirmed, but the essentially covalent nature of the Lu–Cp bond was discovered. The energies of the Lu–ligand bonds were determined.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN VIDEO PIKTOGRAM (DIGA) PADA MATERI PIKTOGRAM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA KELAS IV SDN SUKORAME 2 KOTA KEDIRI
Authors: Febriana Diah Dwi , Nurfahrudianto Aan , Sahari Sutrisno
Published: November 2024

The aim of this developmental research is to determine the validity, student responses, and improvement in learning outcomes through the use of animated video learning media on pictogram material among fourth-grade students at SDN Sukorame 2 Kota Kediri. The research method employed is Research and Development (R&D) using the ADDIE model, which consists of five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. The results of this study indicate that (1) the validation stage received an accumulated score of 87%, categorized as very good; (2) student responses received an accumulated score of 96%, also categorized as very good; and (3) the improvement on student learning outcomes using the animated video learning media was 55%. Therefore, the development of the animated video learning media on pictogram material is considered valid, practical, and effective.
HARAPAN KINERJA DAN HARAPAN USAHA GURU DALAM MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DENGAN PENDEKATAN UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF THECHNOLOGY DI SD NEGERI 28/IV KOTA JAMBI
Authors: Putri Adella Rahmadi , Sofwan Muhammad
Published: November 2024

This study aims to describe teachers' performance expectations and effort expectations in using Information and Communication Technology (ICT) through the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) approach. The research was conducted at Sekolah Dasar Negeri 28/IV Kota Jambi trough qualitative research with a case study design. Data were collected through observations and interviews with teachers at SDN 28/IV Kota Jambi. Data analysis was conducted through the Miles and Huberman model. The results indicate that two components of the UTAUT model, performance expectations and effort expectations, were achieved by the teachers in the learning process through ICT. The performance expectations aspect showed that ICT use in the learning process provided benefits, helped achieve learning objectives, made teachers more productive, innovative and creative, and enhanced collaboration among teachers. Meanwhile, the effort expectations aspect demonstrated that ICT use made it easier for teachers to conduct lessons, design learning tools, and made learning more effective, efficient, clearer, and easier to be understood.
PERBANDINGAN METODE GARISMATIKA DENGAN METODE PERKALIAN BERSUSUN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERHITUNG PERKALIAN PESERTA DIDIK KELAS IV SDN SERANG 9
Authors: Bintang Raynanda , Yandari Indhira Asih Vivi , Alamsyah Trian Pamungkas
Published: November 2024

This study aims to compare the use of the Garismatika method with the traditional column multiplication method in improving multiplication calculation skills among fourth-grade students at Sekolah Dasar Negeri Serang 09. The research method is quantitative with a nonequivalent control group design. The study sampled fourth-grade students, with each class consisting of 26 students. The results show that students who used Garismatika method demonstrated better improvement in multiplication skills compared to those who used the column multiplication method. The improvement in multiplication calculation skills is supported by hypothesis data obtained from the post-test results between the experimental and control groups, with a t-test value of 2.10 and a t-table value of 2.06. Additionally, the N-Gain data in the experimental group was 0.56, compared to 0.41 in the control group.
IMPLEMENTASI KETERAMPILAN ABAD 21 DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS MEDIA TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aviana Dina
Published: November 2024

Twenty-first century learning prepares future generations to acquire the skills necessary for the modern era. In this learning process, information and communication technology (ICT) serves as a tool or media to achieve a learning process which emphasizes the 21st century skills students must develop, particularly through the implementation of ICT-based learning media. This study aims to investigate the utilization of ICT media in learning activities, the challenges in using ICT media during the learning process, and the 21st century skills outcomes of students after implementing ICT-based learning media. The research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method, collecting data in the form of words and images. The study involved 19 participants, consisting of one (1) school principal, two (2) fourth-grade teachers, and 16 fourth-grade students at SDIT Mumtaz Al-Bantani. The results indicate that the use of ICT-based learning media in educational activities has been effective, and the utilization of ICT media as a learning tool has successfully improved students' 21st century skills.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATEMATIKA BERBASIS KONTEKSTUAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELAJAR SISWA KELAS II SDN WONOSARI
Authors: Astuti Susi Widia , Susanto Bahtiyar Heru
Published: November 2024

The aim of this research is to determine (1) the validity of the teaching materials, (2) the teacher's response, and (3) the effectiveness of the teaching materials on increasing the learning interest of second-grade students at SDN Wonosari. This study applied the Research and Development method, referring to the Borg and Gall model. It follows nine stages: (1) identifying potential and problems, (2) information gathering, (3) product design, (4) design validation, (5) product revision, (6) small-scale trials, (7) product revision, (8) large-scale trials, and (9) final product. Data collection techniques used interviews, documentation, and questionnaires. The development results show that (1) the teaching materials were categorized as very valid, with a final score of 100 from media experts and 93.75 from subject matter experts; (2) teacher responses were categorized as very practical, with a final score of 93.75; and (3) the developed product was effective in increasing the learning interest of second-grade students at SDN Wonosari, as evidenced by the students' average questionnaire score increasing from 41.50 before using the materials to 47.05 after using the materials, reflecting a 13.37% improvement in learning interest.
PENERAPAN MODEL KOOPERATIF TIPE JIGSAW BERBANTUAN APLIKASI WORDWALL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEAKTIFAN SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPAS KELAS IV SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Afsan Mhd Febri , Arsil Arsil , Destrinelli Destrinelli
Published: November 2024

This study aims to describe the implementation of the cooperative learning model of the jigsaw type, assisted by the Wordwall application, to enhance student engagement of fourth-grade science learning at SDN 55/I Sridadi. The research conducted through a classroom action research design. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The study was conducted over two cycles, with four stages in each cycle: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results show that applying the jigsaw cooperative model, supported by the Wordwall application in science learning, successfully increased student engagement. It was evident as student engagement improved across all indicators in each meeting cycle. In the first cycle, student engagement was classified as "fair," with a percentage of 60.26%, but after improvements in the second cycle, it increased to "good," reaching a percentage of 84.73%. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that implementing the jigsaw cooperative model with the help of the Wordwall application in science learning can effectively enhance student engagement.
EVALUASI PENGGUNAN MEDIA FUN THINKER BOOK PADA MATERI KENAMPAKAN ALAM DAN BUATAN PADA PELAJARAN IPS UNTUK SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Maulana Rindu , Aramudin Aramudin
Published: November 2024

The teaching and learning process is often unengaging for students and ineffective for teachers. This issue arises from various factors, such as cramped classroom conditions, students' lack of attention, minimal facilities, and a lack of engaging learning media. This study aims to evaluate the content quality and presentation of the Fun Thinkers Book and to provide improvement recommendations before dissemination. This research is an evaluation study using a formative-summative evaluation model. Evaluation is conducted through a formative evaluation stage consisting of field tests and a summative evaluation which measures the acceptance and utility of the media, resulting in various recommendations. The results indicate that the Fun Thinkers Book on temperature and heat is very suitable to be used. The content quality of the Fun Thinkers Book was rated as very good, with a score of 84% from teachers of grades 3 to 5. The presentation quality was also rated as very good, with a score of 88%. Furthermore, the assessment of student interest in the Fun Thinkers Book, involving 30 students, showed excellent results with a score of 77%. It can be concluded that the Fun Thinkers Book is highly suitable to be used, with a high level of student interest.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN ULAR TANGGA SMART UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SEKOLAH DASAR KELAS I
Authors: Lutfiana Ovi Dwi , Kurnia Ita , Wahyudi Wahyudi
Published: November 2024

This research was conducted to develop a smart snakes and ladders learning media aimed at improving the learning outcomes of first-grade students. The study was designed to assess the validity, practicality, and effectiveness of using the snakes and ladders media in teaching. The research method applied is research and development using the ADDIE model, which consists of five steps: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The analysis techniques used are (1) validity testing, (2) practicality testing, and (3) effectiveness testing. Based on the research, the results are as follows: (1) the scores from content and media experts were 88%, (2) limited trial responses showed 86% from teachers and 89% from students, (3) a limited scale evaluation yielded 85% with an effective category, and a broader scale evaluation resulted in 86%. These results demonstrate that the developed smart snakes and ladders learning media can positively influence the learning outcomes of students at SDN 1 Ngadi.
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA DAKON EDUKATIF BERBASIS PROFIL PELAJAR PANCASILA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA MATERI IDE POKOK PARAGRAF SISWA KELAS V SDN KEMLOKO 01 KECAMATAN NGLEGOK
Authors: Triani Heppy Novi , Alfi Cindya , Fatih Mohamad
Published: November 2024

The study aims to produce educational dakon learning media products based on Pancasila student profiles to improve learning outcomes on the main idea paragraph material for grade V SDN Kemloko 1 Nglegok District which are valid based on material experts and media experts, and are suitable to be used by teachers and students who can improve the learning outcomes of grade V students. This study uses the ADDIE development model. The results of the validity test of the educational dakon product show a level of validity that is very valid and valid with a validation score percentage of 91%, 80% and 80%. The results of the feasibility test of the educational dakon product are very feasible with a percentage of 91.11%. The results of the pretest and posttest of students on the educational dakon product show that the educational dakon media can improve student learning outcomes with the N-gain score obtained reaching 0.45 with a moderate category. Thus, the educational dakon product produced is valid and suitable to be used in learning the main idea paragraph material at grade V.
PERAN GURU DALAM MENINGKATKAN INTERAKSI SOSIAL PESERTA DIDIK DENGAN LATAR BELAKANG KELUARGA BROKEN HOME DI KELAS 3 SD AL-ISLAM PENGKOL JEPARA
Authors: Lestari Dwiyana Puji , Attalina Syailin Nichla Choirin , Zumrotun Erna
Published: November 2024

This research aims to reveal the role of teachers in enhancing social interaction among students from broken homes at third grade in SD Al-Islam Pengkol Jepara. This study employs a qualitative case study approach. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings indicate that teachers play a crucial role in improving the social interaction of these students through interactive methods, changes in seating arrangements and group assignments. A personal approach and emotional support from teachers help build students' self-confidence. Teachers also teach ways to resolve conflicts constructively and encourage active participation. With appropriate and consistent support, students from broken homes can adapt more easily and thrive in a supportive school environment.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE SNOWBALL THROWING DENGAN MEDIA KONTEKSTUAL TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KETERAMPILAN SOSIAL SISWA KELAS V PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPS
Authors: Hartini Sri Hastuti Anwa , Naâ€™im Mohamad , Alfansi Ridho
Published: November 2024

This research aims to describe the impact of implementing the snowball throwing cooperative learning model with contextual media on the critical thinking skills and social skills of fifth-grade students. The study was conducted at SDN Sawaran Kulon 02 in Kecamatan Kedungjajang Kabupaten Lumajang. This research employs a quantitative approach using quasi-experimental research with a nonequivalent control group design. Two classes were involved class VA served as the experimental group, while class VB served as the control group. The research instruments used were social skills observation sheets and learning outcome tests. The analysis techniques included descriptive analysis, normality tests, paired sample t-tests, homogeneity tests, independent samples t-tests, N-Gain score tests, and independent t-tests for N-Gain scores. The results from the independent samples test yielded a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which is less than 0.05, indicating a significant difference in the average learning outcomes between the experimental and control classes. It can be concluded that the implementation of the snowball throwing cooperative learning model with contextual media has a significant effect on students' critical thinking skills and social skills.