bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ab. No. 125 Effect of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Along With Conventional Physiotherapy Treatment on Sleep Parameters Using Polysomnography: A Sleep Study in Individuals With Sleep Apnea: A Single Case Study
Authors: Mittal Rajni , Dangi Priyanka , Kaur Sharanjeet , Arumugam Narkeesh
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The purpose is to find the effectiveness of rTMS along with conventional physiotherapy on polysomnography (PSG)-sleep analysis in individuals with sleep apnea.

The study attempts to widen the horizons of the physiotherapy profession in the field of sleep apnea. The improved quality of sleep may improve various domains of the quality of life of affected individuals.

Methods:

Study design is a case report of an individual with sleep apnea.

A 45-year-old male has been diagnosed with sleep apnea for 4 years and has been using a CPAP device for the last 5 months. The patient had excessive daytime sleepiness, loud snoring, and difficulty wearing a CPAP mask at night. The physical examination showed obesity (BMI – 25.5 kg/m2), an inappropriate breathing pattern (more mouth breathing instead of nasal breathing), and tightness of accessory respiratory muscles (scalene, trapezius, pectoral, and sternocleidomastoid) on palpation. Then the patient was intervened with rTMS along with conventional physiotherapy for 5 sessions a week for the duration of 3 weeks.

Pre- and post-objective assessment were done using polysomnography and subjective assessment were done using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

Results:

Significant reduction in apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) was observed after the intervention. Sleep disturbance also decreased during the night and PSQI score also decreased from 8 to 6.

Conclusion:

The study concluded that rTMS, along with conventional physiotherapy, was found to be an effective treatment and can be used for management of sleep apnea.
Ab. No. 135 Importance of Early Ambulation in Patients With Intra-Aortic Balloon Pump (IABP)
Authors: Sahana S , Verma Shaswat
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The purpose is to review and highlight the importance of early ambulation in patients with femoral Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP). The IABP is employed in diverse cardiovascular conditions and procedures. Research indicates its association with reduced mobility, resulting in vascular complications, and deep vein thrombosis, leading to prolonged hospitalization and poor functional outcomes. Consequently, physical therapists need to advocate and facilitate early mobilization.

Methods:

Articles reporting strategies for early ambulation in adult patients with femoral IABP. A comprehensive literature search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Pedro scale. Search Strategy was devised and articles were selected based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. 16 articles were screened. 9 were included in the review. 6 were case series, 1 case-cohort study, 1 literature review, and 1 randomized control trial. 7 articles of axillary artery IABP were excluded.

Results:

All the articles followed Ramsey protocol for ambulation. The protocol involved a systematic assessment of leg circulation and positioning of the IABP, following which patients were gradually transitioned to a tilt table while vital signs were closely monitored in each phase. They were assisted by a walker and instructed to follow a specific walking pattern, to prevent stress on the IABP leg. The findings suggest that employing this standardized protocol, in collaboration with a multidisciplinary team, presents a secure method for ambulating patients with a femoral IABP.

Conclusion:

This review concluded that early ambulation of patients with IABP following a structured protocol is important in preventing complications and alleviate functional outcomes.

Implications:

As physical therapists, incorporating safe and structured early mobilization in patients with IABP into clinical practice can benefit in improving their quality of life by preventing complications.
Ab. No. 149 Therapeutic Effects of Yoga On Gait Variables, Walking Capacity, Balance, Lower Extremity Strength, and Flexibility in Ambulatory Children With Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Shah Labddhi , Ghosh Amrita , Shetty Triveni
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The purpose is to explore the effects of Yoga on gait variables, walking capacity, balance, and lower extremity strength and flexibility in ambulatory children with cerebral palsy. Children with cerebral palsy have limited access to skill-based movement programs that combine therapeutic principles of movement rehabilitation with community involvement, the need for activity-grounded therapeutics in cerebral palsy is the need of the hour. Rehabilitation typically focuses on range of motion exercises to prevent and delay contractures, flexibility exercises to increase range of motion, progressive resistance exercises to enhance strength, and varied interventions to improve posture, balance, and the acquisition of functional skills. Thus, the therapeutic movement that improves motor control and imitates social interaction.

Methods:

Twenty-one children with the potential to participate and corresponding to the inclusion criteria were recruited in the study. The mean average age group of the participants was 8.97 years with 5 girls and 16 boys.

Children with cerebral palsy with Gross Motor Function Classification I–III were divided into a control group and an experimental group. Throughout 12 weeks, the control group received conventional physiotherapy treatment while the experimental group an additional one-hour yoga sessions three times each week. The Walking capacity (6 Minute Walk Test), Balance (Pediatric Balance Scale), Muscle strength (Manual Muscle Test Score), and Flexibility (rotational profile using goniometric measurements) were administered before, and after the interventions in each group.

Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to evaluate thedata.

Results:

Statistically significant differences were found in the walking capacity (p < 0.004), dynamic balance (p 0.002), Strength (p 0.007), and flexibility (p 0.007).

Conclusion:

Yoga can be used as an adjunct to conventional physiotherapy interventions.

Implications:

An improvement in walking capacity, and balance leads to increased mobility and improved functional activities of the children with cerebral palsy. As yoga was an additional therapy, this showed better engagement in therapy as it improved the zeal to attend the therapy. These further improved the quality of life as children could engage amongsttheir typically developing peers.
Ab. No. 157 To Study the Effect of Posterior Oblique Sling Exercises on Performance Parameter in Volleyball Female Players
Authors: Jaiswal Shweta
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Review of the literature and on field observations found that there were paucity of evidence showing direct relation of TheraBand and Swiss ball exercise on activation of POS for performance enhancement. Therefore, in present study, we are going to evaluate the effect of POS activation with the help of TheraBand and Swiss ball stability exercises to improve performance parameters. The Purpose of study is to know the effect of posterior oblique sling (POS) activation exercise on Performance Parameters (spike velocity, ROM) in female volleyball players.

Methods:

30 female volleyball players were selected by Purposive and convenient sampling and randomly allocated into two groups equally 15 each based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. experimental study on the POS activation exercises at MP volleyball association, Brothers club Indore. The demographic data including age, height, weight, were collected through a data collection sheet.

Result:

Means of thoracolumbar rotation after Theraband and Swissball exercise are 31.67 and 35.67 serve velocity are 63.60 and 72.40 Showing significant difference between means. The calculated t-value is 2.65 and 8.57 which is significant at the degree of freedom 28 at 0.05 level of significant because the calculated t-value is greater than (2.05) minimum value at 0.05 significant level.

Conclusion:

In this study statistically Swiss ball exercises is more effective than TheraBand to improving performance parameter through activation of POS in female volleyball players.

Implications:

There are few studies are available regarding POS. Furthermore, study use a larger sample size, duration etc. to provide strong evidence.
Ab. No. 163 Effect of 12 Week Activity-Based Exercise Program on Upper Extremity Function in Patients With Type II Diabetes With and Without Shoulder Dysfunction
Authors: Shah Jahnvi , Shete Ruturaj , Mullarpatan Rajani
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

the study evaluates the effect of 12 week activity-based exercise program(ABEP)on upper extremity(UE)functions in patients with type II diabetes with and without shoulder dysfunction(SD). Participants-88 participants with typeII diabetes with SD(n=44)and without SD(n=44) including both male and female between 40-60 years of age were recruited using convenient sampling method.

Methods:

The study commenced after the approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee. Outcome measures evaluated were pain intensity, UE range of motion (ROM)and muscle strength, shoulder joint proprioception (JP), grip strength, pinch grip and disability scores. Patients were trained with ABEP for 12 weeks. Treatment outcome was recorded after every 4 weeks up to completion of 12 weeks, post which all the outcome variables were re-assessed to compare the difference.

Result:

Significant reduction was observed in pain intensity(p=0.00) and disability scores (p=0.0)along with improvement in shoulder joint ROM(p=0.01),muscular strength(p=0.00),shoulder JP(p=0.01)hand grip strength(p=0.02)and pinch grip strength(p=0.00)in patients with SD. There was significant improvement seen in muscular strength(p=0.02) in patients without SD. There was significant reduction seen in HbA1c levels in patients with SD(p= 0.05)and without SD(p=0.02).

Conclusion:

The study concluded that in individuals with type II diabetes with SD, an ABEP was effective in improving UE functions. It was also observed that patients who did not had SD, demonstrated an improvement in muscle strength and decrease in HbA1c levels.

Implications:

ABEP as a home exercise program is proved to be beneficial in improving UE functions.
Ab. No. 164 A Cross-Sectional Study to Identify Prevalence and Factors Contributing to Relative Energy Deficiency in Sports (Red-S) in Indian Female Athletes
Authors: Vijeta Yadav
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

The syndrome of RED-S (Relative energy deficiency in sports) refers to symptoms caused due to impaired physiological function including, decreased metabolic rate, menstrual function, bone health, immunity, protein synthesis, and cardiovascular health caused by relative energy deficiency. The study aims to identify the prevalence and the causes of RED-S in the Indian context.

Methods:

A Cross-sectional survey study was conducted on elite female players in and around Karnataka on 120 elite Female athletes between the ages of 16-30 who self-completed the RED-S questionnaire.

Result:

31 participants (29%) were at low risk, 76 participants (71%) were at moderate risk and no participants were at high risk. Major causes of RED-S in the Indian context are increased activity level, decreased BMD, and psychological factors.

Conclusion:

A significant number of female athletes are at moderate risk of RED-S, so medical and coaching staff should include appropriate screening and intervention strategies to reduce the risk and improve their overall health and performance.

Implications:

One of the main goals of the sports movement is to support and promote health and well-being. Good health is also a prerequisite for short-term and long-term sports success. Therefore, it is important to focus on the potential health challenges of athletes of all ages and abilities.
Therapeutic Effect of Music Therapy on Patients with End-stage Cancer: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Dong Jiali , Qu Yanhua
Published: June 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the effect of music therapy on patients with end-stage cancer in hospice care. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 195 patients with end-stage cancer from January 2021 to December 2023. The conventional group comprised patients who received routine hospice care, whereas the combination group comprised those who received routine hospice care and music therapy. The immune indicators, anxiety and depression scores, quality of life scores, and sleep quality scores of both groups were compared before and after management. Results: Before management, no significant differences were observed in the immune indicators, anxiety and depression scores, quality of life scores, and sleep quality scores between both groups (P > 0.05). However, after management, the immune indicators lymphocytes CD3+ and CD4+ were significantly higher in the combination group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05); in contrast, anxiety and depression and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index scores were lower in the combination group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). Lastly, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief Version scores were significantly higher in all domains in the combination group than in those in the conventional group; furthermore, the degree of decline in the physical, psychological, and social relationship domain scores was smaller in the combination group than in the conventional group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: For patients with end-stage cancer, music therapy can improve their immune status, quality of life, and sleep and ameliorate their anxiety and depression.
Impacts of Different Noise Environments on Polysomnographic Monitoring Parameters and Sleep Quality Among Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Chen Bin , Zhu Xuefang
Published: June 2024

Background: Excessive noise levels may decrease patients’ sleep quality and increase the risk of sleep disorders in patients. Given that only a few studies have been conducted on noise levels and sleep quality in hospitalized patients, this study investigated the effects of different noise environments on polysomnographic parameters and sleep in hospitalized patients. It also analyzed the factors associated with patients’ sleep quality. Methods: A sample of 244 cases of hospitalized patients were retrospectively selected from March 2020 to March 2023. A total of 122 patients without ward noise reduction treatment were set as the control group. A total of 122 patients who were treated with ward noise reduction were set as the observation group. The polysomnographic monitoring parameters and sleep conditions levels were compared between the two groups, after which logistic regression was used to analyze the relevant factors that affected patients’ sleep. Results: The incidence of noise level, rapid eye movement stage (R) phase proportion, nonrapid eye movement stage 1 (N1) phase proportion, and poorer sleep quality all had higher levels in the control group than in the observation group. In comparison, nonrapid eye movement stage 2 (N2) phase proportion, total sleep time (TST), and sleep efficiency (SE) were all lower than those in the observation group (P < 0.05). Regression analysis revealed that the need for surgery, having diabetes mellitus, higher noise level and low N2 percentage levels were all associated factors affecting the sleep quality of patients. Conclusion: Environments with higher levels of noise can lead to patients’ poorer sleep quality. Thus, it is necessary to actively implement noise management measures to avoid higher noise levels and maintain good sleep quality among patients.
Effect of Family Music Therapy on Patients with Primary Liver Cancer Undergoing Palliative Care and their Caregivers: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Ma Xiaoyun , Bai Manling
Published: June 2024

Objective: The effectiveness of family music therapy for patients with advanced palliative care hepatocellular carcinoma and their main caregivers was investigated. Methods: The clinical data of liver cancer patients and their main caregivers admitted to Wuwei City People’s Hospital from August 2022 to April 2023 were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into observation group A and control group A according to whether they received family music therapy, and caregivers were divided into control group B and observation group B. The general demographic data, self-rating depression scale (SDS), self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), cancer-related fatigue scale (CFS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), anticipatory grief scale (AGS), and caregiver burden inventory (CBI) scores of the patients and their primary caregivers were collected. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance the baseline data of the two groups. Then, data were analysed using t-test and chi-squared (χ2) test. Results: After 1:1 PSM, 45 samples were included in each group. Before management, no significant differences in SDS, SAS, AGS, CFS, PSQI and CBI scores were found among the groups (P > 0.05). After management, the SDS, SAS and CFS scores of observation group A were lower than those of control group A (P < 0.05). The AGS, PSQI and CBI scores of observation group B were lower than those of control group B (P < 0.05). Conclusions: The effect of family music supplement therapy is ideal, which can relieve the negative emotions of patients, reduce the degree of cancer-related fatigue, enhance the sleep quality of the main caregivers and reduce anticipatory grief and the burden of care.
Relationship Between Occupational Noise Exposure and Gestational Hypertension in Pregnant Women in Taizhou City: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ye Liya , Yang Huichun , Jin Haihong , Guo Qiufen
Published: June 2024

Objective: In view of the hazards of occupational noise exposure, this study investigated the relationship between occupational noise exposure and gestational hypertension in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, China to provide inspiration and reference for reducing the occurrence of gestational hypertension. Methods: This cross-sectional study analyzed the clinical data of 316 pregnant women in Taizhou City admitted to Taizhou Hospital of Zhejiang Province affiliated to Wenzhou Medical University from May 2020 to May 2023. In accordance with Acoustic Environment Quality Standards (GB3096-2008), 60 dB was used as the cut-off point. These pregnant women were divided into the low noise group (LNG, n = 161) and high noise group (HNG, n = 155) according to the noise exposure level in the working environment. This also study compared the noise exposure, blood pressure (BP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), blood lipid (BL), fetal size, and heart rate (HR), and analyzed the relationship of noise exposure with BP, FBG, BL, fetal size, HR, and occurrence of gestational hypertension. Results: The HNG had higher noise exposure level (P < 0.001), BP, FBG, BL and HR (P < 0.001), larger fetal size (P < 0.001) and higher occurrence of gestational hypertension (P < 0.05) compared with the LNG. Correlation analysis showed that noise exposure level was positively correlated with BP, FBG, BL, HR, and fetal size (P < 0.001) and had the strongest association with gestational hypertension. Conclusion: Occupational noise exposure has adverse effects on pregnant women and fetuses. Pregnant women should pay attention to their exposure to occupational noise to prevent gestational hypertension. The results of this study must be further verified and generalized.
Assessment of Primary Eye Care Knowledge and Practice in a Developing Country: A Survey among Community Primary Health Workers in Calabar, Southern Nigeria
Authors: Echieh Chigozie Ifeoma , Okwejie John Atambell , Echieh Chidiebere Peter , Onyemelonu Stanley C , Oyeniyi Taiwo Ige , Eze Ugochukwu Anthony
Published: June 2024

Background:

Primary eye care (PEC) is a vital component of primary health care and is the cornerstone for the progress toward universal eye health coverage. To achieve an adequate delivery of PEC services in Nigeria, it should be inclusive, equitable, cost-effective, and people centered.

Aim:

The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of PEC among community primary health workers in Calabar metropolis.

Materials and Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Calabar metropolis. A total of 109 randomly selected community health workers at primary health centres located in two local government areas (Calabar Municipality and Calabar South) were assessed on their knowledge of common ocular diseases and the practice of eye health in their facilities using an interviewer-administered questionnaire.

Results:

One hundred and nine primary health workers participated in the study. Most participants were females 100 (92%). The mean age was 38 ± 8.26 years. More than half (59%) had been working as community health workers for more than five years and 64% stated they had no professional training on management of ophthalmic conditions. One-third of the participants had Snellen’s visual acuity chart in their facility and 46 (42%) could use it properly to assess vision. Less than one-third 23 (21%) could correctly identify the five common eye conditions presented in a picture chart – conjunctivitis, cataract, corneal opacity, strabismus and pterygium. About 102 (94%) of the participants at the primary health centres had no access to standard operating procedures for managing eye diseases.

Conclusion:

Our study showed that the majority of the community primary health workers require continuous medical educational training on ophthalmic diseases and the provision of standard operating procedures to guide in the identification and prompt referral of eye diseases.
Effect of Birth Weight and Gender on the Umbilical Cord Serum Zinc in Neonates Delivered at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu
Authors: Olisaka Chinwe Lilian , Asinobi Isaac Nwabueze , Iloh Kenechukwu Kosisochukwu , Osuorah Chidiebere Donatus Ignatus Osuorah , Iloh Ogochukwu Nneka , Ubesie Agozie , Ikefuna Anthony Nnaemeka , Ibe Bede Chiedozie
Published: June 2024

Background:

Zinc plays vital roles in all the systems of the human body. To reduce neonatal mortality in developing countries, cost-effective and evidence-based interventions that can enhance growth, development, and immunity need to be considered. About 60% of foetal zinc is acquired during the third trimester of pregnancy, when foetal weight increases three-fold. Therefore, low birth weight infants are more likely to have low zinc levels than normal birth weight term infants. Determining the zinc levels of neonates and how it relates to birth weight is, therefore, imperative.

Materials and Methods:

The study was a descriptive cross-sectional, carried out at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Nigeria. It aimed at determining the umbilical cord serum zinc levels among neonates and their relationship with birth weight. Two hundred and seventy-five neonates of gestational age 28–42 weeks were enrolled into the study. The weight of each neonate was measured using a weighing scale. Serum zinc levels were determined using the Flame Atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS model no. FS 240 AA. USA, Agilent Technology Ltd).

Results:

Of the 275 neonates, 27 (9.82%) were very preterm, 28 (10.18%) were moderate to late preterm, and 220 (80%) were term neonates. The mean serum zinc level of all neonates was 87 ± 16.07 μg/dL and this was within the normal limit of serum zinc. The mean serum zinc levels of the neonates increased as their weight increased (r = 0.701, P < 0.001). Females had higher mean cord serum zinc (90.71 ± 16.06 μg/dL) than males (84.57 ± 15.54 μg/dL, P = 0.001). This study revealed that serum zinc level was positively and strongly correlated with the weight of the neonate at birth. It was also noted that female neonates had a significantly higher mean serum zinc level than males. Routine zinc supplementation at birth should be considered in low birth weight neonates to avoid the untoward effects of zinc deficiency.

Conclusion:

There was a significant relationship between serum zinc and birth weight, with serum zinc increasing with gestational age and birth weight. Females had a significantly higher level of serum zinc than male neonates
Primary Intussusception and Weaning Methods in Two Institutions in Nigeria with Literature Review
Authors: Kesiena Odion-Obomhense Helen , Joyce Ikubor Ekeme , Simeon Awunor Nyemike , Steve-Nation Oriakhi , Emmanuel Akpo , Cletus Otene , Theophilus Osagie Osasumwen , Jude Uchendu Obiora
Published: June 2024

Background:

Primary intussusception causes intestinal obstruction in early childhood. Diet has been implicated as a causative agent and this is ascribed to the high prevalence observed during weaning; however, there is no consensus regarding the major causative factors. This study aimed to determine the type of diet during weaning as a predisposing etiological factor of intussusception.

Objective:

The objective of this study was to determine if there is any association during weaning with four groups of infants being those on exclusive breastfeeding, intake of infant formula, infants weaned completely, and on cereals or a mixture of all three in patients with intussusception at two Nigerian tertiary institutions. In addition, the clinical characteristics of presentation at our center were noted.

Materials and Methods:

This was a descriptive cross-sectional review of the records of patients aged 3–24 months who were diagnosed with intussusception using ultrasonography within a duration of two years. The information extracted included specific symptoms of the condition, type of feeding before the onset of intussusception, frequency, and association of these feeding patterns with intussusception, laboratory findings, radiological findings, and type of intussusception.

Results:

Exclusively breastfed infants (63%) had the highest rates of intussusception while those with the lowest incidence were completely weaned on cereals (4.5%), in between these groups were infants who were fed with formula. Among the formula group, almost half (13%) were those fed by a particular local formula. An abdominal ultrasound scan established a diagnosis in all except one patient that was confirmed at surgery. The main laboratory findings were hyponatremia and anemia.

Conclusion:

Diet was found to be associated with the onset of intussusception in this study, particularly in exclusively breastfed babies, and lowest in those on cereals. Early diagnosis of suspected intussusception in infants can be facilitated by making ultrasound compulsory. Hyponatremia and anemia are suggestive of late presentation of the condition.
Efficacy of Bilateral Ilioinguinal Iliohypogastric Nerve Blocks for Postcesarean Section Analgesia under Spinal Anesthesia in a Nigerian Population: A randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Ojo Abayomi Kolawole , Olajumoke Tokunbo Olumide , Kolawole Israel Kayode , Adetoye Adedapo Omowonuola
Published: June 2024

Background:

Cesarean section (CS) often produces significant postoperative pain. This pain negatively affects mother–child bonding, maternal ambulation, and satisfaction. No single optimal post-CS analgesia method has been reported. The efficacy of the bilateral ilioinguinal iliohypogastric (IIIH) nerve blocks in managing post-CS pain in Nigerian population is explored.

Aims:

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the pain relief benefits of the bilateral IIIH nerve blocks in parturients undergoing CS under the subarachnoid block.

Materials and Methods:

Eighty-four parturients who had nonemergency CS were randomised into two groups of 42 patients each. Patients in Group A had bilateral IIIH nerve block with 40 ml of 0.25% plain bupivacaine. Patients in Group B had the same nerve block with 40 ml of normal saline 0.9%. The postoperative Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain scores in the recovery room at zero, 2, 4, 6, 12, and 24 h were assessed in resting and with activity. The rescue doses of opioids (50 mg tramadol) and the time to parturient’s first demand for rescue pain relief were also recorded. The mean values were compared.

Results:

The sociodemographic indices were similar in both groups. The time to patients’ first pain relief demand was statistically longer in Group A compared with Group B (432.2 ± 54.6 min vs. 94.18 ± 84.1 min, respectively), P = 0.001. Opioid use in Group A, 55.25 ± 30.05 mg, was significantly lesser compared to Group B, 110.65 ± 35.15 mg, P = 0.033. Group A had significantly lesser mean VAS pain scores than Group B at resting and with activity, at 4, 6, 12, and 24 h after surgery, with P < 0.05 at each time point. The patients in Group A had better satisfaction scores.

Conclusion:

The bilateral IIIH nerve block with bupivacaine 100 mg reduced opioid consumption and VAS pain scores and prolonged analgesia duration with increased patients’ satisfaction scores.
Basis property of the Legendre polynomials in variable exponent Lebesgue spaces
Authors: Magomed-Kasumov Magomedrasul Grozbekovich , Shakh-Emirov Tadgidin Nurmagomedovich , Gadzhimirzaev Ramis Makhmudovich
Published: June 2024

Sharapudinov proved that the Legendre polynomials form a basis of the Lebesgue space with variable exponent $p(x)$ if $p(x) > 1$ satisfies the Dini-Lipschitz condition and is constant near the endpoints of the orthogonality interval. We prove that the system of Legendre polynomials forms a basis of these spaces without the condition that the variable exponent be constant near the endpoints.
Bibliography: 9 titles.
DETERMINATION OF OPERATING RANGES OF MARINE ENGINES
Authors: Carroll James N. , Brunner Kevin , McKnight John , Waggoner Rich , Ostrosky Daniel Jeffery , Riechers Mark , Klak Joseph E.
Published: June 2024

This paper summarizes work performed to define the range of recreational boat engine operation for the National Marine Manufacturers Association (NMMA). Sixteen boats were tested on-water with data acquisition systems to measure engine parameters. Boat types included sterndrive and inboard (SD/I), outboard (OB), and personal watercraft (PWC). Each boat was tested with low loads and at its rated load carrying capacity. Each boat was run at prescribed engine speeds from low to maximum speed during data collection. Maps of each boat's engine operation were produced in order to identify the lowest and highest engine load at each engine speed, based on intake manifold depression (for SD/I and OB) or throttle position (for PWC). Each engine type was then installed in a test cell where the lowest and highest engine loads from on-water testing were duplicated in order to measure the engine's output. The engine's low- and high-load torque was corrected to standard conditions and then normalized in order to compare its operation to the United States Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board's emission test cycle.
Practical Use of the Engine Testing Dyno with the Vehicle Simulation for the MotoGP Race Engine Development
Authors: MATSUYAMA Kimihisa , SUGI Masamitsu , YABE Noboru
Published: June 2024

MotoGP is the pinnacle of motorcycle racing, with the world's top riders racing 800cc prototype machines at leading venues around the world. The riders compete against each other to win the title and show their superiority. The manufacturers have improved the engines every year to gain high power with low-fuel consumption. The percentage of the duration in fully open throttle is less than 20% of the race, but the partial throttle is used as much as 80%. Moreover, when the rider accelerates the machine, the front tire is easy to be lifted from the ground. In the middle of corner, the rider cannot open the throttle fully because of the tire slip. Therefore, it is the most important factor to appropriately control a throttle in the partial area. The Drive-By-Wire (DBW) system is one of the solutions for the force control. The vehicle simulation in the engine dyno test helped efficiently to evaluate the DBW. As a result, a controllable engine was developed and the development costs were saved lower.
Application of Hardware-In-the-Loop for Developing the Engine Management System
Authors: Wu Yuh-Yih , Chen Bo-Chiuan , Huang K. David
Published: June 2024

This paper established a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) system for developing the engine management system (EMS) of a motorcycle, which combines xPC target real-time simulator and PC based controller. An engine model of 125cc four-stroke gasoline engine that included the calculation of cylinder pressure is employed to be a control plant. A proposed control strategy developed with application of this HIL is verified to be superior to the conventional EMS of motorcycles. The proposed controller can send fuel injection and spark ignition control signals every two revolutions accurately via stroke identification method. During the engine running period, perhaps the ignition coil or other electronic equipment will conduct noise that interfere crankshaft tooth signal. Therefore, a Kalman filter is designed to improve the robustness of controller. Under interference, the performance of proposed controller is more satisfied than that without Kalman filter. Finally, a real engine is used to verify the controller by real tooth signal.
Theoretical and Experimental Investigation of the Performance of Vegetable Oil Operated CI Engine
Authors: INDIA Sundarapandian , INDIA Devaradjane
Published: June 2024

A theoretical model was developed to evaluate the performance, characteristics and combustion parameters of vegetable oil esters like Jatropha, Mahua and Neem oil and they are compared to diesel fuel. The predicted results of these fuels are compared with experimental result and also compared with the result of diesel fuel for the validity of the theoretical model. The combustion characteristics and performance parameters are predicted for different vegetable oil esters and for various injection timing. From the predicted results, it is found that the heat release and work done are reduced by about 4% for Jatropha, 6% for Mahua and 8% for Neem oil esters when compared to diesel. However, slight increase is observed for specific fuel consumption. The experimental work is carried out in a single cylinder computerized diesel engine test rig, which develops 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm and loaded by eddy current dynamometer at various Injection timing. The harmful pollutants such as HC, CO, NOX and smoke are reduced in the vegetable oil esters than that of diesel fuel. From the investigation it is concluded that the performance of vegetable oil esters such as Jatropha, Mahua, and Neem are much better. Thus the developed model is highly capable for simulation work with bio-diesel as a suitable alternative fuel for diesel.
Effects of EGR on Rapid Lean-burning and NOX emission of Spark Ignition LPG Engine
Authors: Hu Chunming , Liu Na , Li Wei , Song Xijuan
Published: June 2024

Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) is an extensively applied approach for the engine emission control, which is the most effective for reducing NOX emissions. However, as increasing EGR rate, the burning velocity of LPG mixture will be slow that it impacts the complete combustion and combustion stability. The effects of EGR on the rapid lean-burning and NOX emissions of the LPG engine with EFI is introduced in this paper. Test data showed that the dual-spark plug ignition-based rapid burning system could increase the combustion rate of LPG mixture, and improve the rapid burning process of the LPG engine with EGR. Meanwhile, the excess air rate Φa limits of LPG lean-burning will be largely extended within the whole effective range of EGR rate. At the equivalent running conditions of LPG engine, largely extended EGR rate could restrain the formation of NOX emissions by the high combustion temperature. As a result, due to the increases in burning velocity and heat efficiency, the LPG engine could realize the Φa limits in lean-burning process with a higher EGR rate. The highest REGR in the rapid burning process increased from 5% of the normal combustion process to 8.11%. Additionally, Coefficient of Variation (CoV) in the LPG combustion process was under control effectively.
A Study on Intake and Exhaust System of Turbocharged Engine under the Regulations of Formula SAE
Authors: Yamamoto Syuhei , Matsumoto Shinya , Ueda Takeshi , Kodama Tomoaki , Honda Yasuhiro , Wakabayashi Katsuhiko
Published: June 2024

Formula SAE is one of the competitions of the manufacturing education for students, which is held by SAE. The competition consists of the static events and the dynamic events. The static events have three competitions of presentation, cost and design, and the dynamic events are acceleration, skid pad, autocross and endurance with fuel consumption. To get the higher rank in this competition, we must win the dynamic events with the high allotment points. For the purpose of the winning, we should have some advantages more than the other universities. We aimed at raising engine power and drivability. There are some ways to get engine power up such as the combustion improvement, the change of the cam profile and supercharging. We tried to install a commercial turbocharger to a normal aspirated multi-cylinder engine for Formula SAE under the SAE regulations. As the throttle and air restrictor must be located at upper streamside of the intake system, the piping from the exhaust manifold to the turbocharger is designed in order not to flow fuel into the turbocharger. Furthermore, we redesigned the intake air collector and the air restrictor in consideration of installation of the turbo charger to the standard engine. We considered sufficiently the results of the simulations using VES (Virtual Engine Simulation) and CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation methods and verified them by the results of the experiments. As a result, we succeeded getting the higher engine performance by turbo charging than the normal engine, and the turbocharged engine can perform the higher and flat torque in the lower engine speed range, 5000r/min to 8000r/min. We made a Formula SAE vehicle that everyone can drive fast.
Gas Turbine Engine Test Facility Audit Process
Authors:   EG-1E Gas Turbine Test Facilities and Equipment
Published: June 2024

This SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) provides recommendations for:

The audit process in general

A list of specific areas of attention to be audited

Maintaining the test facility in such a manner that it meets audit requirements
Intersectoral collaboration in the provision of library resources for effective polytechnic education in Rivers State
Authors: Osaro Endurance Nnorya
Published: June 2024

It is increasingly recognized that the coming together of different people, organisations, and sectors in understanding and solving an identified social problem especially for the good of the public is a sure route to development. This work therefore, studied inter-sectoral collaboration in the provision of library resources for effective polytechnic education in Rivers State. The method used in carrying out the study was a descriptive survey design, the population of the study consisted of 40 librarians drawn from four libraries in Rivers State. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 25 of them in 3 libraries which served as sample for the study. Findings of the study show that other sectors can collaborate with the library to provide information resources, conducive learning environment, and technological devices for library operations. The study recommends that, there should be there should creation of more awareness and sensitization on the need for intersectoral collaboration in solving societal problems. The government at all levels should draw up plan policies to guide intersectoral collaboration among institutions, the library in particular and the school system at large should synergize with other sectors in its plans and policies to enjoy the support of other sectors.
Effectiveness Of Interactive Multimedia-Based Learning in Teaching Art History as A Component of General Knowledge in Art for Senior High School Students
Authors: Adomako Boakye Akwasi , Barton Essel Harry , Appiah Ernest , Anane-Antwi Eric
Published: June 2024

The teaching and learning of Art History as a component of General Knowledge in Art is meant to help students to investigate the history of artistic growth. Due to the abstract manner of teaching art history, a lot of students in schools develop aversion to it. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of using an Interactive Multimedia-based learning (IML) platform for the teaching and learning of the Art History section of the General Knowledge in Art subject by students of Kumasi Senior High Technical School (KSHTS). This study presents the findings of a quasi-experimental design assessing the effectiveness of learning with the IML platform. The study compared the learning outcomes of students who participated in a class taught with the IML platform (Experimental group - EG) to those taught with conventional didactic instructions (Control group - CG). A total sample of n = 132 students participated in the study. Independent samples t-test was employed to determine the effect. The findings of this study revealed that the IML platform is a plausible pedagogical agent for increasing students’ performance of Art History  t (8.63) p = <.001. The mean scores (m = 80.8, SD = 15.6) of students in the EG were significantly higher than those in the CG (56.3, SD = 17.1). The researcher identified that studies on Interactive Multimedia to teach were largely focused in the areas of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM). This study, however, focused on the use of the IML platform to teach Art History. By continuing to seek new ways to integrate Interactive Multimedia learning into Art History lessons, teachers can design more effective lessons to meet the needs of students offering General Knowledge in Art.
Trade law policing on the factory floor: next generation agreements and their corporate accountability tools
Authors: Claussen Kathleen
Published: June 2024

Trade policymakers’ increased attention to sustainability has prompted the development of trade tools focused on corporate accountability within international trade agreements. As evidenced by the creation and use of the United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement’s Rapid Response Labor Mechanism, this institutional shift has potent implications for labour rights and environmental protections. This article, which transcribes a lecture delivered at the Lauterpacht Centre in October 2023, scrutinises the turn toward supply-chain policing within international trade law and its institutional, legal, sociological, rhetorical and disciplinary effects.
The master key to international law: systemic integration in climate change cases
Authors: Feria-Tinta Monica
Published: June 2024

This article is the first scholarly examination of the function of systemic integration in the climate change context. The article assesses the role that the notion of ‘systemic integration’ is playing in making climate change justiciable internationally, and traces the path along which it brought the principle to become a key notion in climate litigation. It explores the fundamental question of how pre-existing legal norms (to the Paris Agreement) have been used to address questions about climate change. Systemic integration is a principle of treaty interpretation enshrined in Article 31(3)(c) of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties, which requires consideration of other rules of international law in the course of interpreting a treaty. Often operating ‘as an unarticulated major premise in the construction of treaties’, its function is nevertheless ‘analogous to that of a master-key in a large building’ (McLachlan 2005). The underlying premise is that international law is, in essence, a system. This article looks into how the principle is currently operating in practice in climate litigation and, in doing so, it draws some reflections on the wider significance of the principle for international law more generally. The article explores the systemic integration arguments considered in the Torres Strait Islanders case, the first international case on climate change to be adjudicated on its merits, which set in motion a wave of international climate cases, and considers the function of systemic integration in the pending advisory opinions before international courts.
The weight of a State’s past stances on treaty interpretation – may good faith play a role?
Authors: Álvarez José Rogelio Gutiérrez
Published: June 2024

As forums for the resolution of international disputes expand and international case law continues to pile up, the likelihood that a State may advance contradictory approaches to treaty interpretation increases. Since there is a uniform set of international norms on the matter – for the most part established in Articles 31 and 32 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties – such inconsistencies might be problematic when measured against the principle of good faith in treaty interpretation. This article explores the role that good faith may play in this context, suggesting that the interpretative approaches that a State has embraced in the past may have some bearing on the way future disputes in which it is involved are resolved, although (as with much in international law) important caveats apply.
European sovereignty and development of the international legal order: the EU’s economic security and Anti-Coercion Instrument
Authors: Hart Nina M
Published: June 2024

The European Union (EU) is well known for its normative preference for multilateralism but this preference has been challenged by geopolitical evolutions and its promotion of a ‘European sovereignty’ agenda. In the context of promoting economic security and through the adoption of unilateral trade-related instruments such as the Anti-Coercion Instrument (ACI), the EU has highlighted not only its current nature as a selectively multilateral actor but also the challenges that its unilateralism poses to existing international law regimes. While one view is that the EU’s unilateralism may be damaging to these legal regimes, especially to the international trade legal order, given the EU’s constructive stance in moving beyond a dichotomous approach to trade and security, this may not be true. Rather, the EU’s nuanced approach to the multifaceted, complex relationship between trade and security may, in fact, help to preserve the international legal order and institutions of international trade, namely the World Trade Organization (WTO). To illustrate this potential, this article first reviews the EU’s evolving understanding of and relationship to multilateralism. It then examines how the EU’s ACI interacts with international trade law, precisely WTO law, while highlighting its potential for developing the international legal order.
Revisiting different definitions of ‘investor’ in international investment agreements: the issue of permanent residents, Stateless persons and dual nationals
Authors: Soloveva Kseniia
Published: June 2024

This article discusses the differences in the definition of ‘investor’ in international investment agreements. In particular, it investigates the provisions that depart from a widely used ‘simple’ definition of investor in such agreements as a national of one of the Contracting Parties. The deviations take several forms, expanding or limiting the scope of protection of the agreements. They encompass the inclusion of permanent residents and Stateless persons as an alternative to nationals; permanent residency as an additional requirement to the possession of nationality; and the treatment of dual nationals. The inclusion of these novel definitions reflects the specific political, social and legal preconditions that exist in the countries that adopted them. This article further contemplates whether these provisions can, and should, be included in agreements negotiated by other States.