bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR KARYA TULIS ILMIAH BERBASIS PENDEKATAN KONSTRUKTIVISME
Authors: Suryaningsih Nani , Kusmana Suherli
Published: August 2019

Penelitian ini dimaksudkan untuk mengembangkan bahan ajar karya tulis ilmiah berbasis pendekatan konstruktivisme. Penelitian ini merupakan Research and Development (R&D), pengembangan dilakukan dengan mengacu pada 3 tahapan yaitu tahap studi pendahuluan, tahap studi pengembangan, dan tahap evaluasi. Penelitian ini mengambil data hasil kajian jurnal ilmiah dan karya tulis ilmiah siswa kelas XI IPS 3 SMAN 2 Kuningan semester genap tahun ajaran 2016/2017. Hasil penelitian tersebut menghasilkan bahan ajar karya tulis ilmiah berbasis pendekatan konstruktivisme di SMA. Bahan ajar ini terdiri dari tiga bagian, bagian pertama adalah penyajian sampul luar, kata pengantar, penyajian SK dan KD, peta konsep isi buku, dan daftar isi. Bagian kedua berupa isi yang didasarkan SK dan KD yaitu mengidentifikasi bentuk karya tulis ilmiah, mengidentifikasi sistematika karya tulis ilmiah, mengidentifikasi isi dan kebahasaan dalam karya tulis ilmiah, mengidentifikasi tujuan dan esensi karya tulis ilmiah, merancang informasi karya tulis ilmiah, tujuan dan esensi yang disajikan dalam karya tulis ilmiah, menganalisis sistematika karya tulis ilmiah, menganalisis kebahasaan karya tulis ilmiah, menganalisis kalimat baku, menganalisis penggunaan PUEBI (penomoran bab, penulisan judul), mengumpulkan data sebagai bahan karya tulis ilmiah, menyusun karya tulis ilmiah. Bagian ketiga dari penyajian bahan ajar ini terdiri dari daftar pustaka, glosarium, dan indeks.
Analisis Kemampuan Keuangan Dan Kinerja Keuangan Daerah Dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah (Studi Kasus APBD Kota Cirebon Tahun Anggaran 2011- 2015)
Authors: Farhani Fajar , Rosnidah Ida
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this research is to investigate financial and financial performance capacity development levels of Cirebon in undertaking municipal/local autonomy in the APBD of Cirebon period 2011-2015. This study was conducted through qualitative approach, i.e. observation and interview. Several financial ratios were used, i.e. share and growth ratios, financial ability index, financial independent ratio, fiscal decentralization ratio, effectivity ratio, efficiency ratio and the ratio of budget spending. The results show that the average share of PAD is around 20.55% and average growth PAD ratio around 128.58%.  The IKK is 0.562 and at high category. The district financial independent ratio is 24.89% or at instructive trend. The fiscal decentralization degree ratio shows the district financial capacity that is limited, i.e. 19.77%. The average effectivity ratio is 102.81% or can be categorized as very effective. On the other hand, in the PAD collection, the efficiency ratio is very efficient, 2.28% on average. In the harmonization ratio, the regular expenses is higher compared to development expenses, i.e. 58.70% and 41.30%, respectively. The PAD contribution on the APBD is still small, i.e. 19.77%. The results suggest that the development of financial capacity of Cirebon in implementing district autonomy is considered to be low, whereas the financial performance shows a better development.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN PANDUAN PERILAKU CARING TERHADAP PENINGKATAN PERILAKU CARING MAHASISWA DI FAKULTAS KEPERAWATAN UNIVERSITAS PADJADJARAN
Authors: Aisyah Rizka , Sriati Aat , B.M.L Valentina
Published: August 2019

Terdapat insiden pada proses pembelajaran yaitu mahasiswa bermain smartphone dikelas, insiden tersebutmengakibatkan mahasiswa menjadi tidak menghargai, hal tersebut tidak sesuai dengan aspek caring pada penelitian.Dibutuhkan upaya untuk mengubah perilaku tersebut, yaitu menggunakan penerapan panduan perilaku caring padaproses pembelajaran. Tujuan: mengetahui adakah pengaruh penerapan panduan perilaku caring terhadap perilakucaring mahasiswa Fakultas Keperawatan UNPAD. Metode: penelitian quasy experimental, populasi penelitian yaitu 12kelompok tutorial angkatan 2016 dan sampel terpilih 5 kelompok tutorial. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan KuesionerPerilaku Caring dan sudah melalui proses content validity dengan uji CVI dan CVR. Hasil: seluruh kelompokberperilaku caring dalam proses tutorial maupun praktikum baik sebelum dan sesudah penerapan panduan perilakucaring dan didapatkan hasil peningkatan mean. Hasil uji statistik pada proses pembelajaran didapatkan p value = 0.004(p < 0.05) untuk proses tutorial dan p value = 0.2854 (p > 0.05) untuk proses praktikum. Simpulan: terdapat pengaruhpenerapan panduan perilaku caring dalam proses tutorial dan tidak terdapat pengaruh penerapan panduan perilakucaring dalam proses praktikum terhadap perilaku caring mahasiswa.
Biostimulants and Microorganisms Boost the Nutritional Composition of Buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) Sprouts
Authors: Witkowicz Robert , Biel Wioletta , Chłopicka Joanna , Galanty Agnieszka , Gleń-Karolczyk Katarzyna , Skrzypek Edyta , Krupa Mateusz
Published: August 2019

This study investigated the influence of biological control agents and plant growth promoters on the chemical composition of the cultivars Panda and Kora buckwheat sprouts. Before sowing, seeds were soaked in solutions containing Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Pythium oligandrum oospores, Ecklonia maxima algae extract, and/or nitrophenols. The sprouts of the Panda displayed higher levels of protein, fat, and dietary fiber fractions than the Kora. Measurable effects of biological control agents (BCAs) and plant growth promoters (PGPs) on the chemical composition of sprouts were also confirmed. Soaking the seeds in a solution containing P. oligandrum oospores resulted in a decrease in the level of crude ash in sprouts, while the addition of nitrophenols increased the level of both crude ash and protein. We also found statistically significant effects of interactions between the cultivar and BCA and/or PGP for each of the examined components.
Endophyte Bacillus velezensis Isolated from Citrus spp. Controls Streptomycin-Resistant Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri That Causes Citrus Bacterial Canker
Authors: Rabbee Muhammad Fazle , Ali Md. Sarafat , Baek Kwang-Hyun
Published: August 2019

Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by the plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), is a devastating disease in many commercial citrus cultivars. Every year, CBC causes a substantial reduction in fruit quality and quantity that corresponds to significant economic losses worldwide. Endophytic microorganisms produce numerous bioactive secondary metabolites that can control plant pathogens. We investigated the antagonistic activities of 66 endophytic bacteria isolated from nine citrus cultivars to control streptomycin-resistant Xcc. The suspension of Endophytic Bacteria-39 (EB-39), identified as Bacillus velezensis, exhibited the highest antibacterial activity against three wild-type and six streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains, with the inhibition zones between 39.47 ± 1.6 and 45.31 ± 1.6 mm. The ethyl acetate extract of EB-39 also controlled both wild-type and streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains, with the inhibition zones between 29.28 ± 0.6 and 33.88 ± 1.3 mm. Scanning electron microscopy indicated the ethyl acetate extract of EB-39-induced membrane damage and lysis. The experiments using the detached leaves of a susceptible Citrus species showed that EB-39 significantly reduced the incidence of canker on the infected leaves by 38%. These results strongly suggest that our newly isolated EB-39 is a novel biocontrol agent against CBC caused by wild-type and streptomycin-resistant Xcc strains.
Maize Silage Digestate Application Affecting Germination and Early Growth of Maize Modulated by Soil Type
Authors: Robles-Aguilar Ana A. , Temperton Vicky M. , Jablonowski Nicolai D.
Published: August 2019

During biogas production anaerobic digestion of plant material produces a nutrient-rich residue called digestate. The application of the nutrients present in the digestate should improve soil fertility, particularly in nutrient poor soils, and thus crop yield, promoting the closure of the nutrient cycle. This study evaluated the effect of digestate application on the germination and early stages of plant development since these are the first steps to be considered when studying the benefits on plant growth in low fertility substrates. A greenhouse experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of three substrates of different texture and fertility (field loam, field sand, sand), as well as type and amount of fertilizer (pure maize digestate vs. inorganic nitrogen/phosphorus/potassium (NPK) fertilizer) on both germination and early plant performance of maize (Zea mays L. subsp. mays). While digestate and NPK fertilizer applications had no significant effect on germination in the two field soils, digestate applications significantly decreased the germination rate in sand (36–82% reduction) due to an increase of surface water repellency. In contrast, for aboveground biomass yield, the most positive fertilization effects of digestate application were found on sand (up to 3.5 times the biomass of the unamended control) followed by field sand (1.5 times), compared to no effect for field loam. Our findings suggest that digestate application have positive fertilization effects in low-fertility substrates, similar to NPK, even though digestate application may have a negative impact on the permeability in sandy substrates that could interfere with germination.
The Importance of the Social Sciences in Reducing Tail Biting Prevalence in Pigs
Authors: Carroll Grace A. , Groarke Jenny M.
Published: August 2019

Tail biting in pigs has been recognised as a welfare problem for several decades, being referred to in scientific literature as far back as the 1940s. Today, animal welfare scientists have a solid understanding of the aetiology of tail biting. Despite this, there has been a major failure in applying research findings on commercial farms. Consequently, tail biting remains a significant problem in modern intensive pig farming. Of all farming industry stakeholders, farmers have the greatest influence over the welfare of their animals. Despite this, little animal welfare research has focused on changing farmer behaviour. Understanding the reasons why farmers act or fail to act to improve animal welfare is key if research findings are to be translated into practical on-farm change. Adopting the principles of behavioural science, this review discussed theory-based methods of identifying barriers to effective tail biting management. A guide was provided for designing behaviour change interventions for farmers using The Behaviour Change Wheel, a systematic framework that links the source of behaviour to suitable interventions. It was concluded that the social sciences are of great importance to ensuring that theory is put into practice.
Relationships Between Chemical Structure and Antioxidant Activity of Isolated Phytocompounds from Lemon Verbena
Authors: Sánchez-Marzo Noelia , Lozano-Sánchez Jesús , Cádiz-Gurrea María de la Luz , Herranz-López María , Micol Vicente , Segura-Carretero Antonio
Published: August 2019

Over the last few years, people have been concerned about the narrow relationship between nutrition and health leading to an increasing demand of nutraceutical products and functional food. Lemon verbena (Lippia citriodora Kunth) has been traditionally used for respiratory, digestive, and muscular diseases, showing effects that are promoted by the antioxidant activity of its phytoconstituents. The antioxidant power of several lemon verbena extracts has been tested but its isolated compounds activity has not been described. The aim of the present work was to isolate phytochemicals from a commercial lemon verbena extract through a semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography approach for further evaluation of its individual antioxidant activity using three different methods. The structure-antioxidant activity relationships revealed the influence of substitutions in the strong antioxidant power exerted by glycosylated phenylpropanoids, in contrast to the low antioxidant capacity showed by iridoids. Development of enriched extracts in these compounds could lead to greater antioxidant effects and improved functional ingredients to prevent chronic diseases.
A Dual Perspective of the Action of Lysine on Soybean Oil Oxidation Process Obtained by Combining 1H NMR and LC–MS: Antioxidant Effect and Generation of Lysine–Aldehyde Adducts
Authors: Martin-Rubio Ana , Sopelana Patricia , Nakashima Fumie , Shibata Takahiro , Uchida Koji , Guillén María
Published: August 2019

Little is still known about both the effect of amino acids on the oxidation course of edible oils and the modifications that the former may undergo during this process. Bearing this in mind, the objective of this work was to study the evolution of a system consisting of soybean oil with 2% of l-lysine under heating at 70 °C and stirring conditions, analyzing how the co-oxidation of the oil and of the amino acid affects their respective evolutions, and trying to obtain information about the action mechanism of lysine on soybean oil oxidation. The study of the oil progress by 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) showed that the presence of lysine noticeably delays oil degradation and oxidation products generation in comparison with a reference oil without lysine. Regarding lysine evolution, the analysis by 1H NMR and Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry of a series of aqueous extracts obtained from the oil containing lysine over time revealed the formation of lysine adducts, most of them at the ε position, with n-alkanals, malondialdehyde, (E)-2-alkenals, and toxic oxygenated α β-unsaturated aldehydes. However, this latter finding does not seem enough to explain the antioxidant action of lysine.
The Synergic Effect of Terpenoid and Steroidal Saponins Can Improve Bone Healing, by Promoting the Osteogenic Commitment of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Bellin Gloria , Gardin Chiara , Ferroni Letizia , Ghensi Paolo , Zavan Barbara , Tatullo Marco
Published: August 2019

Bone regeneration involves several biological processes that consistently impact the quality of tissue healing. An important step consists of the local recruitment and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells that migrate in the site to regenerate from bone marrow. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may be pushed towards osteogenic commitment by specific substances, often naturally present in plants. Yunnan Baiyao (YB) is a Chinese herbal medicine, mainly working through the synergic effect of terpenoid and steroidal saponins. YB is well known for its numerous biomedical effects, including the ability to favor improved bone tissue healing. In our in vitro study, we used adipose mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) as a study-model: We selected samples to harvest and isolate ADSCs and investigate their viability; moreover, we performed bone-related gene expression to evaluate the differentiation of MSCs. To confirm this behavior, we analyzed alkaline phosphate activity and calcium deposition, with ADSCs cultured in basal and osteogenic media, with YB at different concentrations in the medium, and at different time-points: 7, 14 and 21 days. Our results indicate that the synergic effect of terpenoid and steroidal saponins slightly favor the late ADSCs differentiation towards the osteoblasts phenotype. In osteogenic committed cells, the treatment with the lower dose of YB promoted the up-regulation of the alkaline phosphatase gene (ALPL) at day seven and 14 (p < 0.01); at day 21, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity showed a slight increase, although in basal condition it maintains low rates. We assume that such molecular synergy can promote the osteogenic commitment of adipose mesenchymal stem cells, thus improving the timing and the quality of bone healing.
Technical Performance of an Inflatable Solar Dryer for Drying Amaranth Leaves in Kenya
Authors: Romuli Sebastian , Schock Steffen , Nagle Marcus , Chege Christine G. Kiria , Müller Joachim
Published: August 2019

The technical performance of an inflatable solar dryer (ISD) to dry amaranth leaves (Amaranthus spp.) was investigated. To handle the drying of lightweight materials, modification was made by adding an air deflector and trays inside the ISD. Computational performance of the ISD solar energy system was evaluated using MATLAB Simulink. The estimated air mass flow in the inlet of the ISD was 0.75 kg/s. Using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), the uniformity of air distribution in the ISD was evaluated. The solar radiation reported during good drying performance ranged between 510 and 950 W/m2. In a controlled charging system, a 100 Wp PV module typically generated voltage between 10.22 and 18.75 V. Drying conditions at temperatures of 40 °C or above were typically achieved in the ISD from 12:00 to 16:00. Temperature inside the ISD could reach up to 69.4 °C during the day and 13.4 °C during the night. The highest relative humidity of 97.4% was recorded during the night. Opening the ISD while mixing the product could lead to considerable heat loss. Fluctuation of solar radiation and shaded areas in the ISD appeared to be the major factors affecting the drying performance.
Durability Evaluation Study for Crumb Rubber–Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Wang Xuancang , Fan Zhenyang , Li Li , Wang Hongyao , Huang Minghui
Published: August 2019

In this study, the failure mechanism of crumb rubber–asphalt pavement was analyzed under the combined effects of low temperature, water, and traffic load. The investigation was carried out based on the mechanical and deformational properties of crumb rubber–asphalt mixture and the typical environmental and load conditions such pavement is typically exposed to. A method was proposed for objective evaluation of the interfacial adhesion between rubber crumbs and asphalt through consideration of the effects of the characteristics of the materials and the working environment. The main evaluation method used herein included the indirect tensile strength test under freeze–thaw–boiling cycle, and the Cántabro abrasion test under water-immersion was adopted as an auxiliary method. The evaluation system has the advantages of simple implementation, realistic simulation of the actual working state of the mixture, and reliable results. Moreover, it is a durability evaluation method that can be specifically applied to asphalt mixtures with some special aggregates or stone mastic asphalt (SMA) mixtures.
Real-Time Monitoring of Indoor Air Quality with Internet of Things-Based E-Nose
Authors: Taştan Mehmet , Gökozan Hayrettin
Published: August 2019

Today, air pollution is the biggest environmental health problem in the world. Air pollution leads to adverse effects on human health, climate and ecosystems. Air is contaminated by toxic gases released by industry, vehicle emissions and the increased concentration of harmful gases and particulate matter in the atmosphere. Air pollution can cause many serious health problems such as respiratory, cardiovascular and skin diseases in humans. Nowadays, where air pollution has become the largest environmental health risk, the interest in monitoring air quality is increasing. Recently, mobile technologies, especially the Internet of Things, data and machine learning technologies have a positive impact on the way we manage our health. With the production of IoT-based portable air quality measuring devices and their widespread use, people can monitor the air quality in their living areas instantly. In this study, e-nose, a real-time mobile air quality monitoring system with various air parameters such as CO2, CO, PM10, NO2 temperature and humidity, is proposed. The proposed e-nose is produced with an open source, low cost, easy installation and do-it-yourself approach. The air quality data measured by the GP2Y1010AU, MH-Z14, MICS-4514 and DHT22 sensor array can be monitored via the 32-bit ESP32 Wi-Fi controller and the mobile interface developed by the Blynk IoT platform, and the received data are recorded in a cloud server. Following evaluation of results obtained from the indoor measurements, it was shown that a decrease of indoor air quality was influenced by the number of people in the house and natural emissions due to activities such as sleeping, cleaning and cooking. However, it is observed that even daily manual natural ventilation has a significant improving effect on air quality.
Moisture Buffering of Multilayer Internal Wall Assemblies at the Micro Scale: Experimental Study and Numerical Modelling
Authors: Kaczorek Dobrosława
Published: August 2019

In this paper, a series of experiments assessing the moisture buffer value (MBV) of four internal wall assembly samples made from hygroscopic materials was performed. A modified Nordtest protocol was used. Moisture buffer values of all the investigated wall assemblies, with varying moisture loads in the range of 50% to 80%, showed a moderate moisture buffer value (MBV: 0.5–1.0 (g·m−2·%RH−1)). The results showed that in a wall assembly where the MBV of the whole assembly is lower than the MBV of the outer layers, the moisture-buffering capacity of the inner layer is untapped. Outer layers affect inner layers by changing their moisture-buffering capacity, which in turn changes the overall performance of the whole assembly. In addition, it was observed that if the penetration depth value of the outer layer is greater than its thickness, vapour reaches into the deeper layer and wall assemblies made of layers with materials characterized by a lower value of penetration depth reach steady state more slowly. The WUFI Pro tool was used to compare the simulated and experimental results. Despite the discrepancies between these results, it offers a simplified method, helping designers make decisions about which materials to choose to improve the moisture-buffering effect.
Recent Advances in Spectroscopy Technology for Trace Analysis of Persistent Organic Pollutants
Authors: Wang Li , Pang Shujie , Zhou Gang
Published: August 2019

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) have attracted significant attention because of their bioaccumulation, persistence, and toxicity. As anthropogenic products, POPs mainly contain polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OPs), and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and they pose a great threat to human health and the environment. To deal with these toxic contaminants, many different kinds of strategies for sensitively detecting POPs have been developed, such as high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and fluorescence. This paper mainly summarized the achievements of spectroscopy technologies, which generally consist of SERS, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and fluorescence, in the detection of low-concentration POPs in different matrices. In addition, a retrospective summary is made on several critical considerations, such as sensitivity, specificity and reproducibility of these spectroscopy technologies in practical applications. Finally, some current challenges and future outlooks for these spectroscopy technologies are provided in regards to environmental analysis.
High-Precision 13CO2/12CO2 Isotopic Ratio Measurement Using Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy at 4.3 μm for Deep-Sea Natural Gas Hydrate Exploration
Authors: Zhang Hanquan , Wen Mingming , Li Yonghang , Wan Peng , Chen Chen
Published: August 2019

For the detection of deep-sea natural gas hydrates, it is very important to accurately detect the 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio of dissolved gas in seawater. In this paper, a 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio sensor is investigated, which uses a tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) technique at 4.3 μm. The proposed sensor consists of a mid-infrared interband cascade laser (ICL) operating in continuous wave mode, a long optical path multi-pass gas cell (MPGC) of 24 m, and a mid-infrared mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) detector. Aiming at the problem of the strong absorption intensity of the two absorption lines of 13CO2 and 12CO2 being affected by temperature, a high-precision temperature control system for the MPGC was fabricated. Five different concentrations of CO2 gas were configured to calibrate the sensor, and the response linearity could reach 0.9992 for 12CO2 and 0.9996 for 13CO2. The data show that the carbon isotope measurement precision was assessed to be 0.0139‰ when the integration time was 92 s and the optical path length was 24 m. The sensor is combined with a gas–liquid separator to detect the 13CO2/12CO2 isotope ratio of CO2 gas extracted from water. Results validate the reported sensor system’s potential application in deep-sea natural gas hydrate exploration.
Discrimination of Spatial Distribution of Aquatic Organisms in a Coastal Ecosystem Using eDNA
Authors: Jo Hyunbin , Kim Dong-Kyun , Park Kiyun , Kwak Ihn-Sil
Published: August 2019

The nonlinearity and complexity of coastal ecosystems often cause difficulties when analyzing spatial and temporal patterns of ecological traits. Environmental DNA (eDNA) monitoring has provided an alternative to overcoming the aforementioned issues associated with classical monitoring. We determined aquatic community taxonomic composition using eDNA based on a meta-barcoding approach that characterizes the general ecological features in the Gwangyang Bay coastal ecosystem. We selected the V9 region of the 18S rDNA gene (18S V9), primarily because of its broad range among eukaryotes. Our results produced more detailed spatial patterns in the study area previously categorized (inner bay, main channel of the bay and outer bay) by Kim et al. (2019). Specifically, the outer bay zone was clearly identified by CCA using genus-level identification of aquatic organisms based on meta-barcoding data. We also found significant relationships between environmental factors. Therefore, eDNA monitoring based on meta-barcoding approach holds great potential as a complemental monitoring tool to identify spatial taxonomic distribution patterns in coastal areas.
Art Markets and Digital Histories
Authors: van Ginhoven Sandra , Rasterhoff Claartje
Published: August 2019

This Special Issue of Arts investigates the use of digital methods in the study of art markets and their histories. Digital art history or historical research facilitated by computer-technology in general is omnipresent in academia and increasingly supported by an infrastructure of seminars, workshops, networks, journals and other platforms for sharing results, exchanging notes and developing criticism. As the wealth of historical and contemporary data is rapidly expanding and digital technologies are becoming integral to research in the humanities and social sciences, it is high time to reflect on the different strategies that art market scholars employ to navigate and negotiate digital techniques and resources.
Curating The American Algorists: Digital Art and National Identity
Authors: Taylor Grant D.
Published: August 2019

This essay details the curating strategies and central premise behind the 2013 traveling exhibition The American Algorists: Linear Sublime. This group exhibition, which showcased the artwork of Jean-Pierre Hébert, Manfred Mohr, Roman Verostko, and Mark Wilson, marked the 20th anniversary of New York Digital Salon. In organizing this exhibit, I attempted to expand the discourse of digital art curation by linking the Algorists, a group formed at the Los Angeles SIGGRAPH conference in 1995, to the broader narrative of American art. Through the exhibition catalogue, I constructed a detailed history of the Algorists and connected the movement’s narrative to ideas of national identity and myth. To cultivate this nexus, I interpreted the Algorists’ unique approach to linear abstraction through the various theories of the sublime active within the history of American art. Ultimately, this case study reveals the incongruities of aligning this group of digital artists—who shared a decidedly internationalist outlook—with a national narrative. While the Algorists resisted parochial characterizations, the concept of the sublime provided a useful vehicle for theorizing the aesthetic response to computer-generated abstraction. The travelling exhibition also offered a potential model, based on effective partnerships and resource sharing, for small college and university galleries.
Dose-Dependent Alterations to In Vitro Human Microbiota Composition and Butyrate Inhibition by a Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Hops Extract
Authors: Blatchford Paul , Parkar Shanthi , Hopkins Wendy , Ingram John , Sutton Kevin
Published: August 2019

Hop cones (Humulus lupulus L.) have been used throughout history as an additive in beer brewing and as herbal supplements with medicinal and culinary properties. The objective of this study was to ascertain the effect of a range of concentrations of a supercritical CO2 extract of hops on the composition and metabolism of human gut bacterial communities using in vitro batch culture systems. Fermentations were conducted over 24 h using a mixed human fecal inoculum. Microbial metabolism was assessed by measuring organic acid production and microbial community alterations were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Butyrate, an important short chain fatty acid in maintaining colonic well-being, decreased at elevated concentrations of hops, which may partly be accounted for by the concomitant reduction of Eubacterium and Coprococcus, known butyrate-producing genera, and also the inhibition of Bifidobacterium, a beneficial organism that has a butyrogenic effect through metabolic cross-feeding with intestinal commensals. The hops compounds also caused dose-dependent increases in the potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae and potentially beneficial Akkermansia. Thus, hops compounds had a significant impact on the structure of the bacterial consortium, which warrants further study including human clinical trials.
Tomato Root Growth Inhibition by Salinity and Cadmium is Mediated by S-Nitrosative Modifications of ROS Metabolic Enzymes Controlled by S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase
Authors: Jedelská Tereza , Šmotková Kraiczová Veronika , Berčíková Lucie , Činčalová Lucie , Luhová Lenka , Petřivalský Marek
Published: August 2019

S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) exerts crucial roles in the homeostasis of nitric oxide (NO) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) in plant cells through indirect control of S-nitrosation, an important protein post-translational modification in signaling pathways of NO. Using cultivated and wild tomato species, we studied GSNOR function in interactions of key enzymes of reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism with RNS mediated by protein S-nitrosation during tomato root growth and responses to salinity and cadmium. Application of a GSNOR inhibitor N6022 increased both NO and S-nitrosothiol levels and stimulated root growth in both genotypes. Moreover, N6022 treatment, as well as S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) application, caused intensive S-nitrosation of important enzymes of ROS metabolism, NADPH oxidase (NADPHox) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Under abiotic stress, activities of APX and NADPHox were modulated by S-nitrosation. Increased production of H2O2 and subsequent oxidative stress were observed in wild Solanum habrochaites, together with increased GSNOR activity and reduced S-nitrosothiols. An opposite effect occurred in cultivated S. lycopersicum, where reduced GSNOR activity and intensive S-nitrosation resulted in reduced ROS levels by abiotic stress. These data suggest stress-triggered disruption of ROS homeostasis, mediated by modulation of RNS and S-nitrosation of NADPHox and APX, underlies tomato root growth inhibition by salinity and cadmium stress.
Applying Trauma-Informed Practices to the Care of Refugee and Immigrant Youth: 10 Clinical Pearls
Authors: Miller Kathleen K. , Brown Calla R. , Shramko Maura , Svetaz Maria Veronica
Published: August 2019

Immigrant and refugee youth have higher rates of trauma than youth who are not transnational. While youth are incredibly resilient, trauma and toxic stress can result in poor health outcomes that persist throughout life. However, clinical interventions can promote resilience and decrease the negative impact of trauma. This article will review the principles of trauma-informed care and its application for the care of immigrant and refugee youth and their families by sharing concrete and feasible strategies for primary care providers and systems.
Recent Progress towards Chemically-Specific Coarse-Grained Simulation Models with Consistent Dynamical Properties
Authors: Rudzinski Joseph F.
Published: August 2019

Coarse-grained (CG) models can provide computationally efficient and conceptually simple characterizations of soft matter systems. While generic models probe the underlying physics governing an entire family of free-energy landscapes, bottom-up CG models are systematically constructed from a higher-resolution model to retain a high level of chemical specificity. The removal of degrees of freedom from the system modifies the relationship between the relative time scales of distinct dynamical processes through both a loss of friction and a “smoothing” of the free-energy landscape. While these effects typically result in faster dynamics, decreasing the computational expense of the model, they also obscure the connection to the true dynamics of the system. The lack of consistent dynamics is a serious limitation for CG models, which not only prevents quantitatively accurate predictions of dynamical observables but can also lead to qualitatively incorrect descriptions of the characteristic dynamical processes. With many methods available for optimizing the structural and thermodynamic properties of chemically-specific CG models, recent years have seen a stark increase in investigations addressing the accurate description of dynamical properties generated from CG simulations. In this review, we present an overview of these efforts, ranging from bottom-up parameterizations of generalized Langevin equations to refinements of the CG force field based on a Markov state modeling framework. We aim to make connections between seemingly disparate approaches, while laying out some of the major challenges as well as potential directions for future efforts.
Sucrose-Assisted Synthesis of Layered Lithium-Rich Oxide Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 as a Cathode of Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Song Xueyin , Huang Haifu , Zhong Wei
Published: August 2019

Herein, the lithium-rich material Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 is successfully prepared by a sucrose-assisted gel method. With the assistance of sucrose, Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 precursors can be uniformly dispersed into sticky sucrose gel without aggregation. XRD shows that the lithium-rich material Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 has a well-organized layered structure. The electrochemical performance is influenced by calcination temperature. The results show that the sample Li[Li0.2Mn0.56Ni0.16Co0.08]O2 calcined at 900 °C possess significant performance. This sample delivers higher discharge specific capacity of 252 mAh g−1; rate capability with a capacity retention of 86% when tested at 5C; and excellent cyclic stability with a capacity retention rate of 81% after 100 cycles under 1C test. The sucrose-assisted method shows great potential in fabricating layered lithium-rich materials.
Enhanced Electron Scattering upon Ion Relocation in BaVS3 at 69 K
Authors: Márkus Ferenc , Márkus Bence G.
Published: August 2019

The present study deals with the anomalous heat capacity peak and thermal conductivity of BaVS 3 near the metal-insulator transition present at 69 K. The transition is related to a structural transition from an orthorhombic to monoclinic phase. Heat capacity measurements at this temperature exhibit a significant and relatively broad peak, which is also sample dependent. The present study calculates the entropy increase during the structural transition and we show that the additional entropy is caused by enhanced electron scattering as a result of the structural reorientation of the nuclei. Within the model it is possible to explain quantitatively the observed peak alike structure in the heat capacity and in heat conductivity.
Turbo Decoder Design based on an LUT-Normalized Log-MAP Algorithm
Authors: Li Jun , Wang Xiumin , He Jinlong , Su Chen , Shan Liang
Published: August 2019

Turbo codes have been widely used in wireless communication systems due to their good error correction performance. Under time division long term evolution (TD-LTE) of the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) wireless communication standard, a Log maximum a posteriori (Log-MAP) decoding algorithm with high complexity is usually approximated as a lookup-table Log-MAP (LUT-Log-MAP) algorithm and Max-Log-MAP algorithm, but these two algorithms have high complexity and high bit error rate, respectively. In this paper, we propose a normalized Log-MAP (Nor-Log-MAP) decoding algorithm in which the function max* is approximated by using a fixed normalized factor multiplied by the max function. Combining a Nor-Log-MAP algorithm with a LUT-Log-MAP algorithm creates a new kind of LUT-Nor-Log-MAP algorithm. Compared with the LUT-Log-MAP algorithm, the decoding performance of the LUT-Nor-Log-MAP algorithm is close to that of the LUT-Log-MAP algorithm. Based on the decoding method of the Nor-Log-MAP algorithm, we also put forward a normalization functional unit (NFU) for a soft-input soft-output (SISO) decoder computing unit. The simulation results show that the LUT-Nor-Log-MAP algorithm can save about 2.1% of logic resources compared with the LUT-Log-MAP algorithm. Compared with the Max-Log-MAP algorithm, the LUT-Nor-Log-MAP algorithm shows a gain of 0.25~0.5 dB in decoding performance. Using the Cyclone IV platform, the designed Turbo decoder can achieve a throughput of 36 Mbit/s under a maximum clock frequency of 44 MHz.
Robust Direct Adaptive Controller Design for Photovoltaic Maximum Power Point Tracking Application
Authors: Bani Salim M. , Hayajneh H. S. , Mohammed A. , Ozcelik S.
Published: August 2019

Tracking the maximum output power of a photovoltaic (PV) cell is an important problem to harvest more energy at different weather and load conditions. This paper presents the design and simulation of a robust direct adaptive controller (RDAC) for maximum power point tracking (MPPT) device based on boost converter topology. A mathematical model is developed, and a suitable RDAC is designed for MPPT device, and simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink to verify the controller’s robustness at varying operating conditions. The real-time irradiance and temperature data are used on an hourly basis to test the suggested MPPT adaptive controller for a typical sunny day in summer and winter. The simulation results show that the RDAC performs excellent tracking under varying conditions such as irradiance, temperature, load, boost converter inductance, and capacitance.
Pre- and Post-Adoption Beliefs about the Diffusion and Continuation of Biogas-Based Cooking Fuel Technology in Pakistan
Authors: Yasmin Nazia , Grundmann Philipp
Published: August 2019

A high level of acceptance and adoption is necessary to facilitate the widespread utilization of renewable energy technologies for cooking, as such utilization is essential for displacing the population’s massive dependence on fossil fuels and solid biomass. Economic and demographic aspects have been the focus of recent literature in exploring the adoption phenomenon of biogas technology. However, literature to date has given little attention to the behavioral factors and the perceptions of the end-users. Our study does not only include behavioral factors, but it employs a hybrid model to explore the continued attentions of users based on their post-adoption beliefs and performance expectations. Using a survey conducted in Pakistan in 2017, the study conducts a multivariate analysis through structural equation modeling to measure the effect of pre- and post-adoption beliefs and expectation on adoption and the continuing intention of households towards biogas technology. Results show that the acceptance of the households towards biogas technology is highly influenced by their perceptions on the benefits, as well as their trust in the technology. The perceived cost and risk attached to the technology are found to be negatively correlated with the acceptance. Households’ intentions to continue the use of biogas technology is highly influenced by the satisfaction level of the users of biogas technology. With the integrated model of adoption and continuation, the study illustrates the dynamic process in obtaining a deeper understanding of a user’s behavior to better formulate the policies for increasing the rate of technology adoption.
Research on Large-Signal Stability of DC Microgrid Based on Droop Control
Authors: Liang Haifeng , Huang Yuxi , Sun Hao , Liu Zhiqian
Published: August 2019

Ensuring the large signal stability of the DC microgrid is the premise of the safe operation of the DC microgrid, but the research on the large-signal stability of microgrids with multiple droop control micro-sources is still scarce. In this paper, a DC microgrid system model with multiple droop control micro-sources was established by appropriate simplification. Addressing the problem that most stability research methods cannot be quantitatively analyzed, the mixed potential function method was used to analyze the large signal stability of the system. However, the criterion obtained by the conventional mixed potential function method is complicated and contains multiple time-varying parameters, which is not convenient for analysis. Therefore, the simple form of the criterion was obtained through simplification and the analysis proved the rationality of the simplification. On this basis, a nonlinear droop control method was proposed to improve the anti-interference ability of the system. Finally, the accuracy of the large signal stability criterion and the effectiveness of nonlinear droop control on the system’s large signal stability were verified by simulation.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Wake Interactions of Marine Hydrokinetic Turbines
Authors: Gotelli Clemente , Musa Mirko , Guala Michele , Escauriaza Cristián
Published: August 2019

To study the performance and environmental impacts of marine hydrokinetic (MHK) turbine arrays, we carry out an investigation based on laboratory experiments and numerical models able to resolve the dynamics of turbulent wake interactions and their effects on the river bed. We investigate a scaled Sabella D10 mounted on a mobile bed for a single and two aligned turbines, measuring the flow velocity, the rotor angular velocity, and the scour on the sediment bed. Numerical simulations are performed using a detached-eddy simulation (DES) turbulence model coupled with the blade-element momentum (BEM) approach, which can capture the mean flow and resolve the dynamics of turbulent coherent structures in the wakes. The simulations show a good agreement on the velocity statistics obtained experimentally. Power and thrust coefficients for the downstream turbine show an average decrease and a larger variability due to the turbulent intensity produced by the upstream turbine, as compared to the single turbine case. Results of this investigation also provide a framework to assess the predictive capabilities, scope, and applicability of computational models parameterizing the turbines using BEM, for testing different turbine designs and siting strategies within the MHK array.
Novel Earth Fault Protection Algorithm Based on MV Cable Screen Zero Sequence Current Filter
Authors: Lowczowski Krzysztof , Lorenc Jozef , Andruszkiewicz Jerzy , Nadolny Zbigniew , Zawodniak Jozef
Published: August 2019

This paper presents novel zero sequence current filter and earth fault protection relay, which utilize cable screens earthing current in protection algorithm. Different problems connected with state of the art of zero sequence current filters and protection relays are presented and compared with the proposed solution. The presented concept is verified in PowerFactory simulation software, experiment concerning modeling the earth fault current flow in medium voltage (MV) cable supplied from the low voltage (LV) network and measurements in the MV network in the Polish distribution system. The proposed solution is characterized by higher sensitivity and reduced number of erroneous trips. The presented solution is suitable for any MV cable lines. Biggest advantages are observed in power output lines from renewable energy sources, which are often operated under no-load conditions.
The Application of Ontologies in Multi-Agent Systems in the Energy Sector: A Scoping Review
Authors: Ma Zheng , Schultz Mette Jessen , Christensen Kristoffer , Værbak Magnus , Demazeau Yves , Jørgensen Bo Nørregaard
Published: August 2019

Multi-agent systems are well-known for their expressiveness to explore interactions and knowledge representation in complex systems. Multi-agent systems have been applied in the energy domain since the 1990s. As more applications of multi-agent systems in the energy domain for advanced functions, the interoperability raises challenge raises to an increasing requirement for data and information exchange between systems. Therefore, the application of ontology in multi-agent systems needs to be emphasized and a systematic approach for the application needs to be developed. This study aims to investigate literature on the application of ontology in multi-agent systems within the energy domain and map the key concepts underpinning these research areas. A scoping review of the existing literature on ontology for multi-agent systems in the energy domain is conducted. This paper presents an overview of the application of multi-agent systems (MAS) and ontologies in the energy domain with five aspects of the definition of agent and MAS; MAS applied in the energy domain, defined ontologies in the energy domain, MAS design methodology, and architectures, and the application of ontology in the MAS development. Furthermore, this paper provides a recommendation list for the ontology-driven multi-agent system development with the aspects of 1) ontology development process in MAS design, 2) detail design process and realization of ontology-driven MAS development, 3) open standard implementation and adoption, 4) inter-domain MAS development, and 5) agent listing approach.
Reliability Assessment of Distribution Networks with Optimal Coordination of Distributed Generation, Energy Storage and Demand Management
Authors: Escalera Alberto , Castronuovo Edgardo D. , Prodanović Milan , Roldán-Pérez Javier
Published: August 2019

Modern power distribution networks assume the connection of Distributed Generators (DGs) and energy storage systems as well as the application of advanced demand management techniques. After a network fault these technologies and techniques can contribute individually to the supply restoration of the interrupted areas and help improve the network reliability. However, the optimal coordination of control actions between these resources will lead to their most efficient use, maximizing the network reliability improvement. Until now, the effect of such networks with optimal coordination has not been considered in reliability studies. In this paper, DGs, energy storage and demand management techniques are jointly modelled and evaluated for reliability assessment. A novel methodology is proposed for the calculation of the reliability indices. It evaluates the optimal coordination of energy storage and demand management in order to reduce the energy-not-supplied during outages. The formulation proposed for the calculation of the reliability indices (including the modelling of optimal coordination) is described in detail. The methodology is applied to two distribution systems combining DGs, energy storage and demand management. Results demonstrate the capability of the proposed method to assess the reliability of such type of networks and emphasise the impact of the optimal coordination on reliability.