bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Untangling the Mistral and Seasonal Atmospheric Forcing Driving Deep Convection in the Gulf of Lion: 1993–2013
Authors: Keller Douglas , Givon Yonatan , Pennel Romain , Raveh‐Rubin Shira , Drobinski Philippe
Published: July 2024

Deep convection occurs periodically in the Gulf of Lion, in the northwestern Mediterranean Sea, driven by the seasonal atmospheric change and Mistral winds. To determine the variability and drivers of both forcings, multiple 1 year ocean simulations were run, spanning from 1993 to 2013. Two sets of simulations were performed: a control and seasonal set, the first forced by unfiltered atmospheric forcing and the other by filtered forcing. The filtered forcing was bandpass filtered, retaining the seasonal and intraday aspects but removing the high frequency phenomena. Comparing the two sets allows for distinguishing the effects of the high frequency component of the Mistral on the ocean response. During the preconditioning phase, the seasonal forcing was found to be the main destratifying process, removing on average 46% of the stratification needed for deep convection to occur, versus the 28% removed by the Mistral. Despite this, each forcing triggered deep convection in roughly half of the deep‐convection events. Sensible and latent heat fluxes were found to be the main drivers of the seasonal forcing during deep‐convection years, removing 0.17 and 0.43 m2s−2 of stratification, respectively. They were themselves driven by increased wind speeds, believed to be the low frequency signal of the Mistral, as more Mistral events occur during deep‐convection winters (34% vs. 29% of the preconditioning period days). An evolving seasonal forcing in a changing climate may have significant effects on the future deep convection cycle of the western Mediterranean Sea.
Tropical Sea Surface Temperature Variability and Its Impact on Oilseed Crop Yields in China
Authors: Zhou Yi , Zhang Tianyi , Li Xichen
Published: July 2024

Understanding how climate variability affects oilseed yields is crucial for ensuring a stable oil supply in regions such as China, where self‐sufficiency in edible vegetable oils is low. Here, we found coherent patterns in the interannual variability of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies and percent crop yield anomalies in the three ocean basins, and then quantified the contribution of these SST modes to oilseed crop yield anomalies. Our analysis revealed that, at the national level, the six tropical SST modes collectively accounted for 51% of soybean, 52% of rapeseed, and 33% of peanut yield anomalies in China. Tropical Indian Ocean variability exerts the greatest impact on soybean and peanut yield variability, whereas the most significant impact on rapeseed yield anomalies is attributed to El Niño‐Southern Oscillation. Finally, this study examined the specific ways in which changes in SST modes can affect oilseed crop yields using changes in local meteorological variables. Our findings revealed the relationship between tropical SST variability and oilseed crop yields, providing a detailed understanding of the diverse connections between SST modes and oilseed crop yield. This study deepens our knowledge of the influence of climate variability on agriculture, offering valuable insights for devising strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of climate variability on oilseed crop production in China.
Methane Emissions From Seabed to Atmosphere in Polar Oceans Revealed by Direct Methane Flux Measurements
Authors: Workman Evelyn , Fisher Rebecca E. , France James L. , Linse Katrin , Yang Mingxi , Bell Thomas , Dong Yuanxu , Jones Anna E.
Published: July 2024

Sea‐air methane flux was measured directly by the eddy‐covariance method across approximately 60,000 km of Arctic and Antarctic cruises during a number of summers. The Arctic Ocean (north of 60°N, between 20°W and 50°E) and Southern Ocean (south of 50°S, between 70°W and 30°E) are found to be on‐shelf sources of atmospheric methane with mean sea‐air fluxes of 9.17 ± 2.91 (SEM (standard error of the mean)) μmol m−2 d−1 and 8.98 ± 0.91 μmol m−2 d−1, respectively. Off‐shelf, this region of the Arctic Ocean is found to be a source of methane (mean flux of 2.39 ± 0.68 μmol m−2 d−1), while this region of the Southern Ocean is found to be a methane sink (mean flux of −0.77 ± 0.37 μmol m−2 d−1). The highest fluxes observed are found around west Svalbard, South Georgia, and South Shetland Islands and Bransfield Strait; areas with evidence of the presence of methane flares emanating from the seabed. Hence, this study may provide evidence of direct emission of seabed methane to the atmosphere in both the Arctic and Antarctic. Comparing with previous studies, the results of this study may indicate an increase in sea‐air flux of methane in areas with seafloor seepage over timescales of several decades. As climate change exacerbates rising water temperatures, continued monitoring of methane release from polar oceans into the future is crucial.
Planetary‐Scale Wave Activity in Venus Cloud Layer Simulated by the Venus PCM
Authors: Lai Dexin , Lebonnois Sebastien , Li Tao
Published: July 2024

The Venus atmosphere Superrotation (SR) is successfully simulated with the high‐resolution (1.25° × 1.25° in longitude and latitude) runs of the Venus Planetary Climate Model (PCM). The results show a clear spectrum and structure of atmospheric waves, primarily with periods of 5.65 and 8.5 days. The simulation reproduces long‐term quasi‐periodic oscillation of the zonal wind and primary planetary‐scale wave seen in observations. These oscillations occur with a period of 163–222 days, although their existence is still debated in observations. The Rossby waves show similarity in wave characteristics and angular momentum (AM) transport due to Rossby‐Kelvin instability by comparing the 5.65‐day wave in Venus PCM with the 5.8‐day wave simulated by AFES‐Venus, another Venus General Circulation Model. Similarities are also evident between the 8.5‐day wave in Venus PCM and the 7‐day wave obtained in AFES‐Venus. The long‐term variations in the AM budget indicate that the 5.65‐day wave is the dominant factor of the oscillation on the SR, and the 8.5‐day wave plays a secondary role. When the 5.65‐day wave grows, its AM and heat transport are enhanced and accelerate (decelerate) the lower‐cloud equatorial jet (cloud‐top mid‐latitude jets). Meanwhile, the 8.5‐day wave weakens, reducing its deceleration effect on the lower‐cloud equator. This further suppresses the meridional gradient of the background wind and weakens instability, leading to the decay of the 5.65‐day wave. And vice versa when the 5.65‐day wave decays.
Tanja Amerstorfer: Forecasting Space Weather
Authors: Cutts Elise
Published: July 2024

The deputy head of the Austrian Space Weather Office built a supportive network.
Samantha Montano: Helping Communities Recover
Authors: Cartier Kimberly
Published: July 2024

A disasterologist has a passion for making emergency management systems more just and equitable.
Variability of the Bottom Boundary Layer Induced by the Dynamics of the Cross‐Isobath Transport Over a Variable Shelf
Authors: Cheng Weicong , Gan Jianping
Published: July 2024

The bottom boundary layer (BBL) dynamics play an important role in regulating the energy, momentum balance, and circulation in the shallow shelf areas. Unlike previous studies that disconnected BBL with background variable shelf circulation, we investigate the dynamic connection between the wind‐driven shelf circulation and BBL dynamics, and show the spatial characteristics of BBL dynamics in response to three‐dimensional (3D) heterogeneous transport over the highly variable shelf topography in the Northern South China Sea. Our process‐oriented modeling study demonstrates that the mixing dynamics and upslope buoyancy transport over varying shelf topography alter the spatial variability of BBL dynamics. Driven by southwesterly upwelling‐favorable winds, the along‐shelf current generated a frictional upslope Ekman transport. The along‐isobath pressure gradient force () formed by the flow‐topography interactions over the meandering shelf induces the geostrophic cross‐isobath transport. The downwave (upwave) enhances (offset) the frictional upslope transport over the east (west) of the shelf that has a concaving (uniform) bottom topography. Over the eastern shelf with concave isobaths, the intensified and upslope cross‐isobath dense water transport strengthen stratification and weaken the effect of bottom stress‐induced mixing, limiting the development of the BBL. The antithesis occurs over the western shelf, where a small bottom stress controls the BBL. River discharge and the tidal current modulate the alongshore current, upslope transport, bottom stress intensity, and BBL development. We model the trajectory of seabed particles as they respond to the BBL dynamic regimes, and find that high (low) concentration, short (long) suspension time, and strong (weak) shoreward transport occurover the eastern (western) shelf, respectively.
Cell competition in primary and metastatic colorectal cancer
Authors: van Luyk Merel Elise , Krotenberg Garcia Ana , Lamprou Maria , Suijkerbuijk Saskia Jacoba Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

Adult tissues set the scene for a continuous battle between cells, where a comparison of cellular fitness results in the elimination of weaker “loser” cells. This phenomenon, named cell competition, is beneficial for tissue integrity and homeostasis. In fact, cell competition plays a crucial role in tumor suppression, through elimination of early malignant cells, as part of Epithelial Defense Against Cancer. However, it is increasingly apparent that cell competition doubles as a tumor-promoting mechanism. The comparative nature of cell competition means that mutational background, proliferation rate and polarity all factor in to determine the outcome of these processes. In this review, we explore the intricate and context-dependent involvement of cell competition in homeostasis and regeneration, as well as during initiation and progression of primary and metastasized colorectal cancer. We provide a comprehensive overview of molecular and cellular mechanisms governing cell competition and its parallels with regeneration.
CDC7 inhibition impairs neuroendocrine transformation in lung and prostate tumors through MYC degradation
Authors: Quintanal-Villalonga Alvaro , Kawasaki Kenta , Redin Esther , Uddin Fathema , Rakhade Swanand , Durani Vidushi , Sabet Amin , Shafer Moniquetta , Karthaus Wouter R. , Zaidi Samir , Zhan Yingqian A. , Manoj Parvathy , Sridhar Harsha , Kinyua Dennis , Zhong Hong , Mello Barbara P. , Ciampricotti Metamia , Bhanot Umesh K. , Linkov Irina , Qiu Juan , Patel Radhika A. , Morrissey Colm , Mehta Sanjoy , Barnes Jesse , Haffner Michael C. , Socci Nicholas D. , Koche Richard P. , de Stanchina Elisa , Molina-Pinelo Sonia , Salehi Sohrab , Yu Helena A. , Chan Joseph M. , Rudin Charles M.
Published: July 2024

Neuroendocrine (NE) transformation is a mechanism of resistance to targeted therapy in lung and prostate adenocarcinomas leading to poor prognosis. Up to date, even if patients at high risk of transformation can be identified by the occurrence of Tumor Protein P53 (TP53) and Retinoblastoma Transcriptional Corepressor 1 (RB1) mutations in their tumors, no therapeutic strategies are available to prevent or delay histological transformation. Upregulation of the cell cycle kinase Cell Division Cycle 7 (CDC7) occurred in tumors during the initial steps of NE transformation, already after TP53/RB1 co-inactivation, leading to induced sensitivity to the CDC7 inhibitor simurosertib. CDC7 inhibition suppressed NE transdifferentiation and extended response to targeted therapy in in vivo models of NE transformation by inducing the proteasome-mediated degradation of the MYC Proto-Oncogen (MYC), implicated in stemness and histological transformation. Ectopic overexpression of a degradation-resistant MYC isoform reestablished the NE transformation phenotype observed on targeted therapy, even in the presence of simurosertib. CDC7 inhibition also markedly extended response to standard cytotoxics (cisplatin, irinotecan) in lung and prostate small cell carcinoma models. These results nominate CDC7 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to constrain lineage plasticity, as well as to effectively treat NE tumors de novo or after transformation. As simurosertib clinical efficacy trials are ongoing, this concept could be readily translated for patients at risk of transformation.
GLUT1 inhibitor BAY-876 induces apoptosis and enhances anti-cancer effects of bitter receptor agonists in head and neck squamous carcinoma cells
Authors: Miller Zoey A. , Muthuswami Sahil , Mueller Arielle , Ma Ray Z. , Sywanycz Sarah M. , Naik Anusha , Huang Lily , Brody Robert M. , Diab Ahmed , Carey Ryan M. , Lee Robert J.
Published: July 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are cancers that arise in the mucosa of the upper aerodigestive tract. The five-year patient survival rate is ~50%. Treatment includes surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy and is associated with lasting effects even when successful in irradicating the disease. New molecular targets and therapies must be identified to improve outcomes for HNSCC patients. We recently identified bitter taste receptors (taste family 2 receptors, or T2Rs) as a novel candidate family of receptors that activate apoptosis in HNSCC cells through mitochondrial Ca2+ overload and depolarization. We hypothesized that targeting another component of tumor cell metabolism, namely glycolysis, may increase the efficacy of T2R-directed therapies. GLUT1 (SLC2A1) is a facilitated-diffusion glucose transporter expressed by many cancer cells to fuel their increased rates of glycolysis. GLUT1 is already being investigated as a possible cancer target, but studies in HNSCCs are limited. Examination of immortalized HNSCC cells, patient samples, and The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed high expression of GLUT1 and upregulation in some patient tumor samples. HNSCC cells and tumor tissue express GLUT1 on the plasma membrane and within the cytoplasm (perinuclear, likely co-localized with the Golgi apparatus). We investigated the effects of a recently developed small molecule inhibitor of GLUT1, BAY-876. This compound decreased HNSCC glucose uptake, viability, and metabolism and induced apoptosis. Moreover, BAY-876 had enhanced effects on apoptosis when combined at low concentrations with T2R bitter taste receptor agonists. Notably, BAY-876 also decreased TNFα-induced IL-8 production, indicating an additional mechanism of possible tumor-suppressive effects. Our study demonstrates that targeting GLUT1 via BAY-876 to kill HNSCC cells, particularly in combination with T2R agonists, is a potential novel treatment strategy worth exploring further in future translational studies.
Investigation of a novel PROS1 splicing variant in a patient with protein S deficiency
Authors: Niida Yo , Fujita Wataru , Togi Sumihito , Ura Hiroki
Published: July 2024

Here, we report a novel PROS1 splicing mutation in a patient with type I protein S deficiency. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of pathogenic splicing variants at the mRNA level was performed by long-range PCR-based targeted DNA and RNA sequencing. A base substitution in the exon 4 splicing donor site activates a potential splicing donor site in intron 4, resulting in an in-frame insertion of 48 bases (16 amino acids).
Origami-inspired soft fluidic actuation for minimally invasive large-area electrocorticography
Authors: Coles Lawrence , Ventrella Domenico , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro , Elmi Alberto , Troughton Joe G. , Mariello Massimo , El Hadwe Salim , Woodington Ben J. , Bacci Maria L. , Malliaras George G. , Barone Damiano G. , Proctor Christopher M.
Published: July 2024

Electrocorticography is an established neural interfacing technique wherein an array of electrodes enables large-area recording from the cortical surface. Electrocorticography is commonly used for seizure mapping however the implantation of large-area electrocorticography arrays is a highly invasive procedure, requiring a craniotomy larger than the implant area to place the device. In this work, flexible thin-film electrode arrays are combined with concepts from soft robotics, to realize a large-area electrocorticography device that can change shape via integrated fluidic actuators. We show that the 32-electrode device can be packaged using origami-inspired folding into a compressed state and implanted through a small burr-hole craniotomy, then expanded on the surface of the brain for large-area cortical coverage. The implantation, expansion, and recording functionality of the device is confirmed in-vitro and in porcine in-vivo models. The integration of shape actuation into neural implants provides a clinically viable pathway to realize large-area neural interfaces via minimally invasive surgical techniques.
Trans-membrane piezoelectric activation of peroxymonosulfate for effective control of waterborne antibiotic resistance dissemination
Authors: Yu Yang , Liu Lianyu , Xie Yiqiao , Huang Wei , Liu Hai , Liu Xiaotu , Chen Da
Published: July 2024

Increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) constitutes an emerging water safety issue globally. However, the effectiveness of current water treatment techniques in the control of ARGs dissemination remains controversial. Here, we develop a dual-zone strategy based on piezoelectric membrane filtration to efficiently eliminate waterborne antibiotic resistance. Following complete ARB inactivation and effective ARGs reduction in the retentate near the membrane surface (zone 1), a subsequent trans-membrane process (zone 2) further promotes ARGs elimination in the permeate, due to boosted interactions between ARGs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated from piezoelectric peroxymonosulfate activation and minimized ROS competition from inactivated ARB within piezocatalytic channels. The abundance of ARGs was largely reduced to ~1.0 × 103 copies·mL−1 in the permeate from ~5.0 × 106 copies·mL−1 in the feed solution. The singlet oxygen (1O2) is demonstrated to be primarily responsible for ARB inactivation, while 1O2, hydroxyl radical (•OH), sulfate radical (SO4·−) and superoxide radical (·O2−) can all participate in ARGs degradation. Our work demonstrates that the piezoelectric membrane-based dual-zone strategy has great potential to control the risk of ARGs dissemination.
Decadal increases in carbon uptake offset by respiratory losses across northern permafrost ecosystems
Authors: See Craig R. , Virkkala Anna-Maria , Natali Susan M. , Rogers Brendan M. , Mauritz Marguerite , Biasi Christina , Bokhorst Stef , Boike Julia , Bret-Harte M. Syndonia , Celis Gerardo , Chae Namyi , Christensen Torben R. , Murner Sara June , Dengel Sigrid , Dolman Han , Edgar Colin W. , Elberling Bo , Emmerton Craig A. , Euskirchen Eugénie S. , Göckede Mathias , Grelle Achim , Heffernan Liam , Helbig Manuel , Holl David , Humphreys Elyn , Iwata Hiroki , Järveoja Järvi , Kobayashi Hideki , Kochendorfer John , Kolari Pasi , Kotani Ayumi , Kutzbach Lars , Kwon Min Jung , Lathrop Emma R. , López-Blanco Efrén , Mammarella Ivan , Marushchak Maija E. , Mastepanov Mikhail , Matsuura Yojiro , Merbold Lutz , Meyer Gesa , Minions Christina , Nilsson Mats B. , Nojeim Julia , Oberbauer Steven F. , Olefeldt David , Park Sang-Jong , Parmentier Frans-Jan W. , Peichl Matthias , Peter Darcy , Petrov Roman , Poyatos Rafael , Prokushkin Anatoly S. , Quinton William , Rodenhizer Heidi , Sachs Torsten , Savage Kathleen , Schulze Christopher , Sjögersten Sofie , Sonnentag Oliver , St. Louis Vincent L. , Torn Margaret S. , Tuittila Eeva-Stiina , Ueyama Masahito , Varlagin Andrej , Voigt Carolina , Watts Jennifer D. , Zona Donatella , Zyryanov Viacheslav I. , Schuur Edward A. G.
Published: July 2024

Tundra and boreal ecosystems encompass the northern circumpolar permafrost region and are experiencing rapid environmental change with important implications for the global carbon (C) budget. We analysed multi-decadal time series containing 302 annual estimates of carbon dioxide (CO2) flux across 70 permafrost and non-permafrost ecosystems, and 672 estimates of summer CO2 flux across 181 ecosystems. We find an increase in the annual CO2 sink across non-permafrost ecosystems but not permafrost ecosystems, despite similar increases in summer uptake. Thus, recent non-growing-season CO2 losses have substantially impacted the CO2 balance of permafrost ecosystems. Furthermore, analysis of interannual variability reveals warmer summers amplify the C cycle (increase productivity and respiration) at putatively nitrogen-limited sites and at sites less reliant on summer precipitation for water use. Our findings suggest that water and nutrient availability will be important predictors of the C-cycle response of these ecosystems to future warming.
Modelling Salmonella Typhi in high-density urban Blantyre neighbourhood, Malawi, using point pattern methods
Authors: Khaki Jessie J. , Meiring James E. , Thindwa Deus , Henrion Marc Y. R. , Jere Tikhala M. , Msuku Harrison ,   The STRATAA Consortium, Aryja Amit , Maharjan Archana , Dongol Sabina , Karkey Abhilasha , Bajracharya Binod Lal , Banda David , Masesa Clemens , Mbewe Maurice , Mangulenji George , Msefula Chisomo , Nyirenda Tonney , Mujadidi Yama F. , Voysey Merryn , Hill Jennifer , Gurung Pallavi , Khan Arifuzzaman , Saha Nirod Chandra , Biswas Prasanta Kumar , Adhikari Anup ,   the Nepal Family Development Foundation team, Heyderman Robert S. , Gordon Melita A. , Giorgi Emanuele
Published: July 2024

SalmonellaTyphi is a human-restricted pathogen that is transmitted by the faecal–oral route and causative organism of typhoid fever. Using health facility data from 2016 to 2020, this study focuses on modelling the spatial variation in typhoid risk in Ndirande township in Blantyre. To pursue this objective, we developed a marked inhomogeneous Poisson process model that allows us to incorporate both individual-level and environmental risk factors. The results from our analysis indicate that typhoid cases are spatially clustered, with the incidence decreasing by 54% for a unit increase in the water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) score. Typhoid intensity was also higher in children aged below 18 years than in adults. However, our results did not show evidence of a strong temporal variation in typhoid incidence. We also discuss the inferential benefits of using point pattern models to characterise the spatial variation in typhoid risk and outline possible extensions of the proposed modelling framework.
KPNA2 promotes the progression of gastric cancer by regulating the alternative splicing of related genes
Authors: Chen Xia , Wei Hui , Yue Ailin , Zhang Huiyun , Zheng Ya , Sun Weiming , Zhou Yongning , Wang Yuping
Published: July 2024

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play critical roles in genome regulation. In this study, we explored the latent function of KPNA2, which is an essential member of the RBP family, in the regulation of alternative splicing (AS) in gastric cancer (GC). We analyzed the role of KPNA2 in regulating differential expression and AS via RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and improved RNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (iRIP-seq). Clinical specimens were used to analyze the associations between KPNA2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics. CCK8 assays, transwell assays and wound healing assays were performed to explore the effect of KPNA2/WDR62 on GC cell progression. KPNA2 was shown to be highly expressed in GC cells and tissues and associated with lymph node metastases. KPNA2 promoted the proliferation, migration and invasion of GC cells and primarily regulated exon skipping, alternative 3's splice sites (A3SSs), alternative 5' splice sites (A5SSs), and cassette exons. We further revealed that KPNA2 participated in biological processes related to cell proliferation, and the immune response in GC via the regulation of transcription. In addition, KPNA2 preferentially bound to intron regions. Notably, KPNA2 regulated the A3SS AS mode of WDR62, and upregulation of WDR62 reversed the KPNA2 downregulation-induced inhibition of GC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. Finally, we discovered that the AS of immune-related molecules could be regulated by KPNA2. Overall, our results demonstrated for the first time that KPNA2 functions as an oncogenic splicing factor in GC that regulated the AS and differential expression of GC-related genes, and KPNA2 may be a potential target for GC treatment.
Machine-learning-assisted high-throughput identification of potent and stable neutralizing antibodies against all four dengue virus serotypes
Authors: Natsrita Piyatida , Charoenkwan Phasit , Shoombuatong Watshara , Mahalapbutr Panupong , Faksri Kiatichai , Chareonsudjai Sorujsiri , Rungrotmongkol Thanyada , Pipattanaboon Chonlatip
Published: July 2024

Several computational methods have been developed to identify neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) covering four dengue virus serotypes (DENV-1 to DENV-4); however, limitations of the dataset and the resulting performance remain. Here, we developed a new computational framework to predict potent and stable NAbs against DENV-1 to DENV-4 using only antibody (CDR-H3) and epitope sequences as input. Specifically, our proposed computational framework employed sequence-based ML and molecular dynamic simulation (MD) methods to achieve more accurate identification. First, we built a novel dataset (n = 1108) by compiling the interactions of CDR-H3 and epitope sequences with the half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) values, which represent neutralizing activities. Second, we achieved an accurately predictive ML model that showed high AUC values of 0.879 and 0.885 by tenfold cross-validation and independent tests, respectively. Finally, our computational framework could be applied to filter approximately 2.5 million unseen antibodies into two final candidates that showed strong and stable binding to all four serotypes. In addition, the most potent and stable candidate (1B3B9_V21) was evaluated for its development potential as a therapeutic agent by molecular docking and MD simulations. This study provides an antibody computational approach to facilitate the high-throughput identification of NAbs and accelerate the development of therapeutic antibodies.
Development and interpretation of a multimodal predictive model for prognosis of gastrointestinal stromal tumor
Authors: Xiao XianHao , Han Xu , Sun YeFei , Zheng GuoLiang , Miao Qi , Zhang YuLong , Tan JiaYing , Liu Gang , He QianRu , Zhou JianPing , Zheng ZhiChao , Jiang GuiYang , Song He
Published: July 2024

Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal original tumor in gastrointestinal (GI) tract and is considered to have varying malignant potential. With the advancement of computer science, radiomics technology and deep learning had been applied in medical researches. It’s vital to construct a more accurate and reliable multimodal predictive model for recurrence-free survival (RFS) aiding for clinical decision-making. A total of 254 patients underwent surgery and pathologically diagnosed with GIST in The First Hospital of China Medical University from 2019 to 2022 were included in the study. Preoperative contrast enhanced computerized tomography (CE-CT) and hematoxylin/eosin (H&E) stained whole slide images (WSI) were acquired for analysis. In the present study, we constructed a sum of 11 models while the multimodal model (average C-index of 0.917 on validation set in 10-fold cross validation) performed the best on external validation cohort with an average C-index of 0.864. The multimodal model also reached statistical significance when validated in the external validation cohort (n = 42) with a p-value of 0.0088 which pertained to the recurrence-free survival (RFS) comparison between the high and low groups using the optimal threshold on the predictive score. We also explored the biological significance of radiomics and pathomics features by visualization and quantitative analysis. In the present study, we constructed a multimodal model predicting RFS of GIST which was prior over unimodal models. We also proposed hypothesis on the correlation between morphology of tumor cell and prognosis.
Amplification of interlayer exciton emission in twisted WSe2/WSe2/MoSe2 heterotrilayers
Authors: Palekar Chirag Chandrakant , Faria Junior Paulo E. , Rosa Barbara , Sousa Frederico B. , Malard Leandro M. , Fabian Jaroslav , Reitzenstein Stephan
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures based on transition metal dichalcogenides exhibit physical properties that depend on their monolayer constituents’ twisting angle and stacking order. Particularly in type-II heterostructures, low-energy photoluminescence is dominated by interlayer excitons, resulting in low emission yields, which drastically hampers their optoelectronic applicability. This study reports on the photoluminescence quantum yield of heterostructures consisting of WSe2/WSe2/MoSe2 twisted layers. Our findings show that the additional WSe2 monolayer in the trilayer system enhances the low-energy photoluminescence by more than an order of magnitude depending on the WSe2/WSe2 twist-angle in comparison to their WSe2/MoSe2 heterobilayer counterpart. Furthermore, combining density functional theory calculations and extracted degree of circular polarization, we identify excitonic signatures arising from hybridized states that originate from the additional WSe2 layer. In addition to providing an additional understanding of hybridization effects in 2D semiconducting heterostructures, our findings provide a viable method to enhance emission in van der Waals heterostructures, relevant for studying the fundamental properties of excitons and enabling optoelectronic applications with high luminescence yield.
TME-analyzer: a new interactive and dynamic image analysis tool that identified immune cell distances as predictors for survival of triple negative breast cancer patients
Authors: Balcioglu Hayri E. , Wijers Rebecca , Smid Marcel , Hammerl Dora , Trapman-Jansen Anita M. , Oostvogels Astrid , Timmermans Mieke , Martens John W. M. , Debets Reno
Published: July 2024

Spatial distribution of intra-tumoral immune cell populations is considered a critical determinant of tumor evolution and response to therapy. The accurate and systemic search for contexture-based predictors would be accelerated by methods that allow interactive visualization and interrogation of tumor micro-environments (TME), independent of image acquisition platforms. To this end, we have developed the TME-Analyzer, a new image analysis tool, which we have benchmarked against 2 software tools regarding densities and networks of immune effector cells using multiplexed immune-fluorescent images of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). With the TME-Analyzer we have identified a 10-parameter classifier, predominantly featuring cellular distances, that significantly predicted overall survival, and which was validated using multiplexed ion beam time of flight images from an independent cohort. In conclusion, the TME-Analyzer enabled accurate interactive analysis of the spatial immune phenotype from different imaging platforms as well as enhanced utility and aided the discovery of contextual predictors towards the survival of TNBC patients.
Advanced ultrasound methods to improve chronic kidney disease diagnosis
Authors: Fleig Susanne , Magnuska Zuzanna Anna , Koczera Patrick , Salewski Jannine , Djudjaj Sonja , Schmitz Georg , Kiessling Fabian
Published: July 2024

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects 850 million people worldwide and is associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Routine laboratory tests do not reflect early stages of microcirculatory changes and vascular rarefaction that characterise kidney fibrosis, the common endpoint of CKD. Imaging techniques that detect CKD in early stages could promote timely treatment with new drugs like SGLT2 inhibitors, thus, decreasing CKD progression and the cardiovascular disease burden. Ultrasound is the most used imaging modality in CKD, as it is non-invasive and radiation free. Initially, ultrasound imaging was applied to assess kidney macro-morphology and to rule out ureteral obstruction. The development of higher frequency probes allowed for more detailed imaging of kidney parenchyma, and advances in Doppler ultrasound provided insights into segmental arterial flow patterns including resistive indices as an indirect measure of microcirculatory impedance, elevated values of which correlated with progressive organ failure and fibrosis. Today, low-flow detection methods and matrix probes better resolve organ parenchyma and smaller vascular beds, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound allows perfusion measurement. Particularly, super-resolution ultrasound imaging, a technology currently being in clinical translation, can characterise the microcirculation morphologically and functionally in unrivalled detail. This is accompanied by rapid developments in radiomics and machine learning supporting ultrasound image acquisition and processing, as well as lesion detection and characterisation. This perspective article introduces emerging ultrasound methods for the diagnosis of CKD and discusses how the promising technical and analytical advancements can improve disease management after successful translation to clinical application.
Quantum materials for spintronic applications
Authors: Guo Yaqin , Zhang Xu , Huang Zhi , Chen Jinyan , Luo Zijun , Zhang Jing , Li Jingfeng , Zhang Zhaowei , Zhao Jinkui , Han Xiufeng , Wu Hao
Published: July 2024

Strong correlation, breaking symmetry, band topology, collective excitation, and quantum confinement represent important features of quantum materials. When quantum materials intersect with spintronics, these key features fundamentally enhance the performance of spin-dependent phenomena. In this review, we examine recent advancements in the material requirements for spintronics and investigate the role of quantum effects in enhancing the functionalization of these devices. Current-induced spin-orbit torques offer a versatile tool to manipulate and excite magnetic order, with decoupled read and write paths that excite various types of materials. One crucial aspect of a spintronic device is the transition of writing layers from traditional transport to quantum transport. The recording layer, on the other hand, employs two-dimensional magnetic materials to achieve the ultimate limit of single-layer magnetic storage. Additionally, the utilization of antiferromagnetic and altermagnetic materials makes them suitable for high-density memories with minimal inter-bit dipole interactions and fast writing speed. Exploiting these emerging quantum materials, in spintronic devices and exploring how quantum effects enhance device functionality show significant potential for spintronic applications in the future.
Real-time observation of coherent spin wave handedness
Authors: Ha Taewoo , Sim Kyung Ik , Lee Howon , Shin Hyun Jun , Kim Sanghoon , Kim Se Kwon , Kim Jae Hoon , Han Dong-Soo , Choi Young Jai , Park Byung Cheol
Published: July 2024

Magnonics, a crucial domain in information science and technology, utilizes spin waves in magnets as efficient information carriers. While antiferromagnets have been suggested for versatile magnonic platform because of the coexistence of right- and left-handed spin waves, their energetic degeneracy poses challenges for observation through spectral measurements, limiting their applicability. Recent observations of distinct spin wave handedness within the gigahertz regime have reported but, are yet to be demonstrated in terahertz (THz) frequencies of antiferromagnetic spin waves. Most of all, the coherence of spin waves is a key aspect of quantum information. Here, employing THz time-domain spectroscopy—a direct, precise, and easy probe for monitoring coherent spin wave dynamics—we discern chiral antiferromagnetic spin waves of opposite phase windings in the time domain, noting their handedness reversal across the angular momentum compensation temperature in ferrimagnets. We establish a principle for directly measuring the handedness of coherent antiferromagnetic spin waves in ferrimagnets with net magnetic moment M ≠ 0 but angular momentum L = 0. Our multidimensional access in the time and spectral domain enables the accurate determination of critical temperature and the dynamic observation of coherent chiral spin waves simultaneously in a single experiment, with potential applications in exploring other quantum chiral entities.
Obesity and physical inactivity are associated with increased risks of cardiac conduction disease: a report from the Kailuan Cohort Study
Authors: Liu Hongmin , Li Xinmu , Liu Peipei , Zhao Haiyan , Lin Liming , Tse Gary , Chan Jeffrey Shi Kai , Lip Gregory Y. H. , Wu Shouling , Liu Tong
Published: July 2024

Physical activity (PA) and obesity may alter the risks of cardiac conduction disease. Participants from the Kailuan cohort, who were free of cardiac conduction disease and with repeated measurements of electrocardiogram from 2006 to 2019, were included. The primary outcome was cardiac conduction disease. The secondary outcomes were atrioventricular block and intraventricular block. Cox regression was used to assess the association between obesity, PA, and the risks of the outcomes. Influences of PA on the associations between BMI and incident outcomes were evaluated. A total of 84,022 participants (mean age 50.15 years, SD 11.69; 80.3% male) were included. Over a median follow-up of 11.83 years (IQR 8.87–13.04), 3236 participants developed the primary outcome. After multivariable adjustment, a higher body mass index (BMI) and a higher waist circumference (WC) were associated with increased risks of conduction disease, but more PA was associated with a lower risk. For obese patients defined by BMI with low PA, the risk of conduction disease was higher than that of obese patients with high PA (HR: 1.42, CI: 1.21-1.66 vs. HR: 1.16, CI: 1.03–1.31). For central obese patients defined by WC with low PA, the risk of conduction disease was also higher compared to central obese patients with high PA (HR: 1.31, CI: 1.17–1.48 vs. HR: 1.12, CI: 1.03–1.23). Besides, compared to obesity with high PA, obesity with low PA was associated with a higher risk of atrioventricular block (HR: 1.70, CI: 1.28-2.27 vs. HR: 1.45, CI: 1.16-1.81) and intraventricular block (HR: 1.37, CI: 1.13-1.65 vs. HR: 1.03, CI: 0.92–1.15). Higher PA can reduce the risks of developing cardiac conduction disease, both in the obese and non-obese groups. (Clinical Trial Registration URL: https://www.chictr.org. Unique identifier: ChiCTRTNC-11001489).
Dynamic transformation of active sites in energy and environmental catalysis
Authors: Zhang Hao , Chen Lei , Dong Feng , Lu Zhiwen , Lv Enmin , Dong Xinglong , Li Huanxin , Yuan Zhongyong , Peng Xinwen , Yang Shihe , Qiu Jieshan , Guo Zhengxiao , Wen Zhenhai
Published: July 2024

Active sites play a pivotal role in photo/electrocatalysis, particularly in the transition from fossil fuels to clean, efficient and renewable energy sources.
Plentiful abutting functional groups boosting sodium storage in a small molecule
Authors: Zhang Chenyang , Fu Cheng , Guo Haoyu , Chen Yuan , Fan Kun , Li Zengyu , Zou Jincheng , Dai Huichao , Zhang Guoqun , Ma Jing , Wang Chengliang
Published: July 2024

A small molecule is reported to demonstrate that the abutting functional groups could enable high specific capacity, form chelation with sodium ions and present ionic intermolecular interactions, leading to insolubility and high cyclability.
Oxidant concentrations and photochemistry in a vehicle cabin
Authors: Souza Pedro A. F. , Kroptavich Corey R. , Zhou Shan , Kahan Tara F.
Published: July 2024

Indoor oxidant concentrations in vehicles strongly depends on the ventilation rates and photochemistry within the vehicle.
A high-fat diet induced depression-like phenotype via hypocretin-HCRTR1 mediated inflammation activation
Authors: Dong Jingyi , Zhang Jinghui , Cheng Shangping , Qin Bin , Jin Kangyu , Chen Bing , Zhang Yuyan , Lu Jing
Published: July 2024

HFD tips gut microbiota balance via the gut-brain axis perturbs cerebral equilibrium, increases hypocretin levels, and triggers microglial activation. This leads to inflammation and may cause mental disorders like depression and anxiety.
Substrate deformability and applied normal force are coupled to change nanoscale friction
Authors: Yu Zhaoyang , Huang Mengyuan , Zhang Xianren
Published: July 2024

The synergism of pressure and deformation in altering the energy surface landscape results in a change in frictional behavior.
Hypotoxic amphiphilic polymers with high fluoride content as oxygen carriers enhance photodynamic therapy against hypoxic tumors
Authors: Zhang Jun-an , Sheng Jiang-feng , Haddleton David , Wilson Paul , Mo Yong-jie , Li Hong-li , Zhao Hong-lei , Zhu Lin-hua , Dai Chun-yan , Zhao Lin-lu
Published: July 2024

Synthesis of the amphiphilic fluorinated polymer PEGA-PFOEA (PEGAF) and its application in enhancing photodynamic therapy.
A fully degradable epoxy resin based on a nontoxic triphenol derived from diphenolic acid and eugenol
Authors: Gao Nianzhao , Lu Yang , Li Jicheng , Zhao Feiyang , Ru Minghui , Zhao Shujun , Xiang Shuangfei , Fu Feiya , Diao Hongyan , Liu Xiangdong
Published: July 2024

This study aims to develop bio-based alternatives to BPA that ensure human safety while providing superior mechanical properties and degradability in epoxy resins.
Pyramidal inversion in the solid state
Authors: Turnbull Robin , Platas Javier Gonzalez , Muñoz Alfonso , Sánchez-Martín Josu , Jasmin M. , Garbarino Gaston , Errandonea Daniel , Liang Akun
Published: July 2024

For the first time, the stereochemical phenomenon of pyramid inversion was observed in the solid state, solely driven by applying external pressure.
COAP/Pd-catalyzed asymmetric linear allylic alkylation for synthesizing chiral 3,3′-disubstituted oxindoles bearing all-carbon quaternary stereocenters and primary allylic alcohol structures
Authors: Liu Wen-Kai , Wang Bai-Lin , Sun Xing-Yun , Song Jia-Yu , Wang Xing-Wang
Published: July 2024

A linear asymmetric allylic alkylation of vinyloxirane catalyzed by a chiral oxalamide–phosphine (COAP)/Pd(0) complex was reported. Various chiral 3,3′-oxindole derivatives were achieved in good yields with excellent regio- and enantioselectivity.
A study on a fixed-bed for Pb(ii) removal by modified alkaline lignin-sodium alginate composite hydrogel
Authors: Wang Qiaorui , Liang Dingyun , Yang Yalan , Zhang Yunran , Wang Yirong , Zhang Lilong , Ma Rui , Niu Zhirui
Published: July 2024

In this work, alkaline lignin (AL) co-modified with trimercapto-s-triazine trisodium salt (TMT) and sodium alginate (SA) as a matrix were used to create a composite hydrogel for removing heavy metals, specifically divalent lead (Pb) from water.
Polyfluorene–poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers: synthesis and electron transport behavior
Authors: Cheng Jin , Jiang Ruoyu , Shan Yuhua , Sun Hong , Kanehashi Shinji , Ogino Kenji
Published: July 2024

Polyfluorene–poly(ethylene oxide) diblock copolymers with shorter PEO chains (Mn = 1000 and 2000 g mol−1) enhance electron mobility due to increased crystallinity, outperforming both the homopolymer and longer-chain copolymers (Mn = 4000 g mol−1).
Synthesis and characterization of 2-(anthracene-9-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole derivatives as environmentally sensitive fluorophores
Authors: Younes Eyad A. , AL-Snaid Amneh M. , Abu-Safieh Kayed A. , Salami Fatemeh , Aljaar Nayyef , Zhao Yuming
Published: July 2024

A series of π-extended 2-(anthracene-9-yl)-4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazole (ADPI) derivatives were synthesized. These compounds show sensitive fluorescence responses to solvent polarity, acidity, and fluoride anion.
Reliable sizing-up of the 3D curved circular microchannel reactor for continuous flow synthesis of a zidovudine intermediate
Authors: Yan Haohui , Chen Yan , Liu Peiwen , Zhu Weiping , Zhao Fang
Published: July 2024

We established a sizing-up strategy for a 3D curved circular microchannel reactor. A scaled-up microreactor was developed and the productivity of the zidovudine intermediate was quadrupled.
Inverse design of semiconductor materials with deep generative models
Authors: Qin Chenglong , Liu Jinde , Ma Shiyin , Du Jiguang , Jiang Gang , Zhao Liang
Published: July 2024

To generate thermodynamically stable semiconductor materials, a generative inverse design framework that integrates VAE, GAN, and DDPM along with chemical validity testing and template-based structure prediction (TSP) was proposed.
Inverse opal structured Pt/TiO2–MnOy photothermocatalysts for enhanced toluene degradation activity
Authors: Chi Zhili , Liu Zhiyong , Liu Wenbo , Cai Jiaqi , Zhang Yiyang , Dai Yangmei , Zhang Jinlong , Ye Ziwei , Tian Baozhu
Published: July 2024

Inverse-opal structured Pt/TiO2–MnOy shows enhanced toluene degradation activity due to its porous microstructure and the presence of Pt, which allows for more efficient generation of active species for toluene activation and catalyst re-oxidation.
Effective n-type de-doping of perovskite surface via defect passivation and improved film crystallization for high-efficiency inorganic solar cells
Authors: Li Hui , Duan Jialong , Liu Naimin , Ma Linzheng , Dou Jie , Zhang Xinyu , Guo Qiyao , Zhao Yuanyuan , He Benlin , Tang Qunwei
Published: July 2024

An n/n− homojunction at the top perovskite/carbon interface is realized by doping natural additive for accelerating charge extraction and suppressing carrier nonradiative recombination in carbon-based CsPbI2 perovskite solar cells.
Picturing Better Materials: Normative Data on a Novel Illustration Set for Scientific and Clinical Use
Authors: Fama Mackenzie E. , Meier Erin L.
Published: July 2024

Purpose:

Picture stimuli are essential materials for language research and clinical practice. Here, we generated a modern, full-color set of 310 illustrations representing a carefully designed, culturally sensitive list of imageable nouns. We normed the images in a diverse sample of healthy adults, so the images can be used in various populations, including older adults.

Method:

We recruited a diverse online sample of 200 adults ages 19–76 years. Participants typed a name for each picture and reported how familiar they were with the item (familiarity) and how well the illustration matched their mental image of the item (image agreement). We assessed relationships among these three measures, between these measures and word features (e.g., frequency, length), and between these measures and demographic characteristics of our sample.

Results:

Two hundred ninety-seven of 310 items had 70% or higher name agreement among participants. Most items had good to excellent image agreement and familiarity. The image measures showed expected relationships with relevant word features (e.g., frequency, length). Older age was associated with higher image agreement and familiarity but not written naming accuracy. As a group, Black participants demonstrated lower written naming accuracy than White and mixed race participants. Education, sex, and self-reported multilingualism were not significantly related to image measures.

Conclusions:

We generated a novel set of illustrations with strong name agreement, familiarity, and image agreement, which are suitable for a variety of uses in research and clinical settings. Our normative data suggest a future need for item-level analysis to explore variability in performance across different racial groups.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.26321926