bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phase II trial of CDK4/6 inhibitor palbociclib in advanced sarcoma based on mRNA expression of CDK4/CDKN2A
Authors: Martin-Broto Javier , Martinez-Garcia Jeronimo , Moura David S. , Redondo Andres , Gutierrez Antonio , Lopez-Pousa Antonio , Martinez-Trufero Javier , Sevilla Isabel , Diaz-Beveridge Roberto , Solis-Hernandez Maria Pilar , Carnero Amancio , Perez Marco , Marcilla David , Garcia-Foncillas Jesus , Romero Pablo , Fernandez-Jara Javier , Lopez-Lopez Daniel , Arribas Ivan , Hindi Nadia
Published: October 2023

Cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors demonstrated activity in terms of progression-free survival (PFS) in advanced dedifferentiated liposarcoma (DD-LPS), a sarcoma with CDK4 amplification. CDK4 overexpression is by far more common than amplification in sarcomas and it might be a rational target for CDK inhibitors. Preclinical investigators of this study found that CDK4 overexpression, while not of CDKN2A, was the most consistent predictive factor for palbociclib efficacy in sarcomas. Advanced adult-type soft-tissue sarcoma, excluding DD-LPS, or bone sarcoma patients, progressing after at least one systemic line, whose tumors overexpressed CDK4, but not CDKN2A at baseline biopsy, were accrued in this single-arm phase II trial (EudraCT number: 2016-004039-19). With the main endpoint of a 6-month PFS rate, 40% was considered promising in this population. Palbociclib was administered orally at 125 mg/day for 21 days in 28-day cycles. A total of 214 patients with 236 CDK4/CDKN2A determinations were assessed for prescreening, archival material (141), and screening, baseline biopsy (95). There were 28 (29%) with favorable mRNA profiles from 95 screened patients at baseline. From 23 enrolled patients, 21 evaluable, the 6-month PFS rate was 29% (95% CI 9–48), and there were 6 patients out of 21 with a PFS longer than 6 months. The median PFS and overall survival were 4.2 (95% CI 3.6–4.8) and 12 (95% CI 8.7–15.4) months, respectively. Translational research showed a significant correlation between CDK4 mRNA and protein expression. Palbociclib was active in a variety of sarcoma subtypes, selected by CDK4/CDKN2A, and deserves further investigation in the sarcoma context.
Diverse electron carriers drive syntrophic interactions in an enriched anaerobic acetate-oxidizing consortium
Authors: McDaniel Elizabeth A , Scarborough Matthew , Mulat Daniel Girma , Lin Xuan , Sampara Pranav S , Olson Heather M , Young Robert P , Eder Elizabeth K , Attah Isaac K , Markillie Lye Meng , Hoyt David W , Lipton Mary S , Hallam Steven J , Ziels Ryan M
Published: October 2023

In many anoxic environments, syntrophic acetate oxidation (SAO) is a key pathway mediating the conversion of acetate into methane through obligate cross-feeding interactions between SAO bacteria (SAOB) and methanogenic archaea. The SAO pathway is particularly important in engineered environments such as anaerobic digestion (AD) systems operating at thermophilic temperatures and/or with high ammonia. Despite the widespread importance of SAOB to the stability of the AD process, little is known about their in situ physiologies due to typically low biomass yields and resistance to isolation. Here, we performed a long-term (300-day) continuous enrichment of a thermophilic (55 °C) SAO community from a municipal AD system using acetate as the sole carbon source. Over 80% of the enriched bioreactor metagenome belonged to a three-member consortium, including an acetate-oxidizing bacterium affiliated with DTU068 encoding for carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and formate production, along with two methanogenic archaea affiliated with Methanothermobacter_A. Stable isotope probing was coupled with metaproteogenomics to quantify carbon flux into each community member during acetate conversion and inform metabolic reconstruction and genome-scale modeling. This effort revealed that the two Methanothermobacter_A species differed in their preferred electron donors, with one possessing the ability to grow on formate and the other only consuming hydrogen. A thermodynamic analysis suggested that the presence of the formate-consuming methanogen broadened the environmental conditions where ATP production from SAO was favorable. Collectively, these results highlight how flexibility in electron partitioning during SAO likely governs community structure and fitness through thermodynamic-driven mutualism, shedding valuable insights into the metabolic underpinnings of this key functional group within methanogenic ecosystems.
A Large Finer-grained Affective Computing EEG Dataset
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Wang Xiaobin , Huang Chen , Hu Xin , Shen Xinke , Zhang Dan
Published: October 2023

Affective computing based on electroencephalogram (EEG) has gained increasing attention for its objectivity in measuring emotional states. While positive emotions play a crucial role in various real-world applications, such as human-computer interactions, the state-of-the-art EEG datasets have primarily focused on negative emotions, with less consideration given to positive emotions. Meanwhile, these datasets usually have a relatively small sample size, limiting exploration of the important issue of cross-subject affective computing. The proposed Finer-grained Affective Computing EEG Dataset (FACED) aimed to address these issues by recording 32-channel EEG signals from 123 subjects. During the experiment, subjects watched 28 emotion-elicitation video clips covering nine emotion categories (amusement, inspiration, joy, tenderness; anger, fear, disgust, sadness, and neutral emotion), providing a fine-grained and balanced categorization on both the positive and negative sides of emotion. The validation results show that emotion categories can be effectively recognized based on EEG signals at both the intra-subject and the cross-subject levels. The FACED dataset is expected to contribute to developing EEG-based affective computing algorithms for real-world applications.
Chinese stroke patients with atrial fibrillation used Robert's age-adjusted warfarin loading protocol obtained good INR results within therapeutic range
Authors: Luo Weiliang , Luo Xuanwen , Chen Suqin , Li Jiming , Huang Xiaodong , Rao Yu , Xu Wengsheng
Published: October 2023

To assess whether Roberts’ age-adjusted warfarin loading protocol is effective in Chinese patients and whether the SAMeTT2R2 score can predict international normalized ratio (INR) control. Roberts’ protocol for warfarin titration was applied to patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) complicated with ischemic stroke at the Department of Neurology between 2014 and 2019. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were recorded. A minimum of 1-year follow-up was used to calculate the time in therapeutic range (TTR) of the INR. A total of 94 acute ischemic stroke patients with NVAF were included in the study. Seventy-seven (81.9%) of the patients had attained stable INR (2.0–3.0) at the fifth dose, and 90.0% of the patients had achieved stable INR on the ninth day. Seventeen (18.1%) of the patients had an INR > 4 during dose-adjustment period. Patients with INR > 4 had significantly lower body weight (53.8 vs. 63.1 kg, P = 0.014), lower rate of achievement of stable INR (35.3% vs. 92.2%, P = 0.000), and lower rate of TTR ≥ 65% (23.5% vs. 70.1%, P = 0.001), but with no significant increase in bleeding risk. A total of 89 patients underwent long-term INR follow-up, of which 58 (65.2%) patients achieved TTR ≥ 65%. Patients with poor TTR had significantly lower body weight (56.3 vs. 63.7 kg, P = 0.020) and lower rate of stable INR achievement (64.5% vs. 89.7%, P = 0.002). All 94 patients had SAMeTT2R2 score ≥ 2. There was no linear association between SAMeTT2R2 score and the rate of TTR ≥ 65% (Ptrend = 0.095). Chinese ischemic stroke patients with NVAF on warfarin can safely and quickly achieve therapeutic INR using Roberts’ age-adjusted protocol and can obtain a good TTR. Lower body weight may be a predictor of poor TTR and INR > 4. Patients who have not attained stable INR after adjusting the dose five times are at high risk for poor TTR. SAMeTT2R2 score may not predict TTR in Chinese ischemic stroke patients with NVAF.
QAmplifyNet: pushing the boundaries of supply chain backorder prediction using interpretable hybrid quantum-classical neural network
Authors: Jahin Md Abrar , Shovon Md Sakib Hossain , Islam Md. Saiful , Shin Jungpil , Mridha M. F. , Okuyama Yuichi
Published: October 2023

Supply chain management relies on accurate backorder prediction for optimizing inventory control, reducing costs, and enhancing customer satisfaction. Traditional machine-learning models struggle with large-scale datasets and complex relationships. This research introduces a novel methodological framework for supply chain backorder prediction, addressing the challenge of collecting large real-world datasets with 90% accuracy. Our proposed model demonstrates remarkable accuracy in predicting backorders on short and imbalanced datasets. We capture intricate patterns and dependencies by leveraging quantum-inspired techniques within the quantum-classical neural network QAmplifyNet. Experimental evaluations on a benchmark dataset establish QAmplifyNet’s superiority over eight classical models, three classically stacked quantum ensembles, five quantum neural networks, and a deep reinforcement learning model. Its ability to handle short, imbalanced datasets makes it ideal for supply chain management. We evaluate seven preprocessing techniques, selecting the best one based on logistic regression’s performance on each preprocessed dataset. The model’s interpretability is enhanced using Explainable artificial intelligence techniques. Practical implications include improved inventory control, reduced backorders, and enhanced operational efficiency. QAmplifyNet also achieved the highest F1-score of 94% for predicting “Not Backorder” and 75% for predicting “backorder,” outperforming all other models. It also exhibited the highest AUC-ROC score of 79.85%, further validating its superior predictive capabilities. QAmplifyNet seamlessly integrates into real-world supply chain management systems, empowering proactive decision-making and efficient resource allocation. Future work involves exploring additional quantum-inspired techniques, expanding the dataset, and investigating other supply chain applications. This research unlocks the potential of quantum computing in supply chain optimization and paves the way for further exploration of quantum-inspired machine learning models in supply chain management. Our framework and QAmplifyNet model offer a breakthrough approach to supply chain backorder prediction, offering superior performance and opening new avenues for leveraging quantum-inspired techniques in supply chain management.
An analysis of impact load and fragmentation dimension to explore energy dissipation patterns in coal crushing
Authors: Wang Xiao-He , Jing Wu , Zhang Wen-Bo , Wang Jiang-Hao , Yun Qing-Long , Wang Yi-Qing , Yi Sui
Published: October 2023

This research delineates the energy dissipation characteristics in coal crushing under impact loads, leveraging the capabilities of Separated Hopkinson Pressure Bar experimental system. A meticulous examination of both burst-prone and non-burst-prone coal samples during destruction processes was undertaken to decipher the dynamic compression mechanical attributes from perspectives of energy and fragmentatio‘s fractal dimensions. Burst-prone coal showcases a more pronounced escalation in fragmentation work in comparison to non-burst-prone samples, thereby illustrating a perceptible strain-rate dependent effect correlating with enhanced strain rates. Additionally, it was observed that incident, reflected, and transmitted energy trajectories for both sample categories follow an approximately linear ascendancy, albeit exhibiting diverse magnitudes. Burst-prone coal manifests a more rapid and focused energy growth compared to its non-burst-prone counterpart. When subjected to impact loads, a notable trend was discerned where the fragmentation’s fractional dimension escalated persistently with both the incident energy and the crushing work, portraying a prominent growth effect. The insights garnered from this study pave the way for distinguishing between impacted and unimpacted coal samples using energy perspectives and fragmentation's fractal dimensions.
Improvement of thermal-stability of chondroitinase ABCI immobilized on graphene oxide for the repair of spinal cord injury
Authors: Hassanli Atefeh , Daneshjou Sara , Dabirmanesh Bahareh , Khajeh Khosro
Published: October 2023

Spinal cord injury healing has been shown to be aided by chondroitinase ABC I (cABCI) treatment. The transport of cABCI to target tissues is complicated by the enzyme's thermal instability; however, cABCI may be immobilized on nanosheets to boost stability and improve delivery efficiency. This investigation's goal was to assess the immobilization of cABC I on graphene oxide (GO). for this purpose, GO was produced from graphene using a modified version of Hummer’s process. the immobilization of cABC I on GO was examined using SEM, XRD, and FTIR. The enzymatic activity of cABC I was evaluated in relation to substrate concentration. The enzyme was then surface-adsorption immobilized on GO, and its thermal stability was examined. As compared to the free enzyme, the results showed that the immobilized enzyme had a greater Km and a lower Vmax value. The stability of the enzyme was greatly improved by immobilization at 20, 4, 25, and 37 °C. For example, at 37 °C, the free enzyme retained 5% of its activity after 100 min, while the immobilized one retained 30% of its initial activity. The results showed, As a suitable surface for immobilizing cABC I, GO nano sheets boost the enzyme's stability, improving its capability to support axonal regeneration after CNC damage and guard against fast degradation.
Present and future of the South Asian summer monsoon’s rainy season over Northeast India
Authors: Saha Prolay , Mahanta Rahul , Goswami B. N.
Published: October 2023

An iconic feature of the Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR), a longer than June–September rainy season over Northeast India (NEI), while a much shorter one over northwest India is expected to be altered by climate change but an objective definition of the length of the monsoon rainy season (LRS) over the NEI is lacking. Here, defining the LRS objectively over NEI, we show that the El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a primary driver of LRS, while rainfall during LRS is poorly correlated with the ENSO. In contrast to a significant decreasing trend of LRS and LRS-rainfall during the historical period, the projected LRS under the SSP5–8.5 scenario continues to decrease while the LRS-rainfall acquires a significant increasing trend over NEI. A significant increase in the impact of hydrological disasters is expected over NEI in the future due to the increasing intensity and frequency of extreme rain events within a shorter rainy season.
A scoping review of artificial intelligence-based methods for diabetes risk prediction
Authors: Mohsen Farida , Al-Absi Hamada R. H. , Yousri Noha A. , El Hajj Nady , Shah Zubair
Published: October 2023

The increasing prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated health complications highlight the need to develop predictive models for early diagnosis and intervention. While many artificial intelligence (AI) models for T2DM risk prediction have emerged, a comprehensive review of their advancements and challenges is currently lacking. This scoping review maps out the existing literature on AI-based models for T2DM prediction, adhering to the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A systematic search of longitudinal studies was conducted across four databases, including PubMed, Scopus, IEEE-Xplore, and Google Scholar. Forty studies that met our inclusion criteria were reviewed. Classical machine learning (ML) models dominated these studies, with electronic health records (EHR) being the predominant data modality, followed by multi-omics, while medical imaging was the least utilized. Most studies employed unimodal AI models, with only ten adopting multimodal approaches. Both unimodal and multimodal models showed promising results, with the latter being superior. Almost all studies performed internal validation, but only five conducted external validation. Most studies utilized the area under the curve (AUC) for discrimination measures. Notably, only five studies provided insights into the calibration of their models. Half of the studies used interpretability methods to identify key risk predictors revealed by their models. Although a minority highlighted novel risk predictors, the majority reported commonly known ones. Our review provides valuable insights into the current state and limitations of AI-based models for T2DM prediction and highlights the challenges associated with their development and clinical integration.
Combined acid hydrolysis and fermentation improves bioactivity of citrus flavonoids in vitro and in vivo
Authors: König Alice , Sadova Nadiia , Dornmayr Marion , Schwarzinger Bettina , Neuhauser Cathrina , Stadlbauer Verena , Wallner Melanie , Woischitzschläger Jakob , Müller Andreas , Tona Rolf , Kofel Daniel , Weghuber Julian
Published: October 2023

Many bioactive plant compounds, known as phytochemicals, have the potential to improve health. Unfortunately, the bioavailability and bioactivity of phytochemicals such as polyphenolic flavonoids are reduced due to conjugation with sugar moieties. Here, we combine acid hydrolysis and tailored fermentation by lactic acid bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) to convert the biologically less active flavonoid glycosides hesperidin and naringin into the more active aglycones hesperetin and naringenin. Using a comprehensive approach, we identify the most effective hydrolysis and fermentation conditions to increase the concentration of the aglycones in citrus extracts. The higher cellular transport and bioactivity of the biotransformed citrus extract are also demonstrated in vitro and in vivo. Superior antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cell migration activities in vitro, as well as intestinal barrier protecting and antioxidant activities in Drosophila melanogaster are identified. In conclusion, the presented biotransformation approach improves the bioactivity of flavonoids, clearly traced back to the increase in aglycone content.
Audible pain squeaks can mediate emotional contagion across pre-exposed rats with a potential effect of auto-conditioning
Authors: Packheiser Julian , Soyman Efe , Paradiso Enrica , Michon Frédéric , Ramaaker Eline , Sahin Neslihan , Muralidharan Sharmistha , Wöhr Markus , Gazzola Valeria , Keysers Christian
Published: October 2023

Footshock self-experience enhances rodents’ reactions to the distress of others. Here, we tested one potential mechanism supporting this phenomenon, namely that animals auto-condition to their own pain squeaks during shock pre-exposure. In Experiment 1, shock pre-exposure increased freezing and 22 kHz distress vocalizations while animals listened to the audible pain-squeaks of others. In Experiment 2 and 3, to test the auto-conditioning theory, we weakened the noxious pre-exposure stimulus not to trigger pain squeaks, and compared pre-exposure protocols in which we paired it with squeak playback against unpaired control conditions. Although all animals later showed fear responses to squeak playbacks, these were weaker than following typical pre-exposure (Experiment 1) and not stronger following paired than unpaired pre-exposure. Experiment 1 thus demonstrates the relevance of audible pain squeaks in the transmission of distress but Experiment 2 and 3 highlight the difficulty to test auto-conditioning: stimuli weak enough to decouple pain experience from hearing self-emitted squeaks are too weak to trigger the experience-dependent increase in fear transmission that we aimed to study. Although our results do not contradict the auto-conditioning hypothesis, they fail to disentangle it from sensitization effects. Future studies could temporarily deafen animals during pre-exposure to further test this hypothesis.
Peptide binder design with inverse folding and protein structure prediction
Authors: Bryant Patrick , Elofsson Arne
Published: October 2023

The computational design of peptide binders towards a specific protein interface can aid diagnostic and therapeutic efforts. Here, we design peptide binders by combining the known structural space searched with Foldseek, the protein design method ESM-IF1, and AlphaFold2 (AF) in a joint framework. Foldseek generates backbone seeds for a modified version of ESM-IF1 adapted to protein complexes. The resulting sequences are evaluated with AF using an MSA representation for the receptor structure and a single sequence for the binder. We show that AF can accurately evaluate protein binders and that our bind score can select these (ROC AUC = 0.96 for the heterodimeric case). We find that designs created from seeds with more contacts per residue are more successful and tend to be short. There is a relationship between the sequence recovery in interface positions and the plDDT of the designs, where designs with ≥80% recovery have an average plDDT of 84 compared to 55 at 0%. Designed sequences have 60% higher median plDDT values towards intended receptors than non-intended ones. Successful binders (predicted interface RMSD ≤ 2 Å) are designed towards 185 (6.5%) heteromeric and 42 (3.6%) homomeric protein interfaces with ESM-IF1 compared with 18 (1.5%) using ProteinMPNN from 100 samples.
90Sr bioassay in small-volume urine by ICP-MS/MS with CO2 as the reaction gas
Authors: Yang Guosheng , Tazoe Hirofumi , Kim Eunjoo , Zheng Jian , Kowatari Munehiko , Kurihara Osamu
Published: October 2023

Further mitigation: CO2 is a better reaction gas than O2 to overcome isobaric/polyatomic interferences caused by Zr and Ge for 90S analysis by ICP-MS/MS. The method detection limit was 0.978 pg L−1 (5 Bq L−1) in 10 mL urine, with a reasonable throughput (∼6 h for 12 samples).
Enhanced biocidal activity of Pr3+ doped yttrium silicates by Tm3+ and Yb3+ co-doping
Authors: Fałat Patryk , Tsang Min Ying , Maliszewska Irena , Zelewski Szymon J. , Cichy Bartłomiej , Ohulchanskyy Tymish Y. , Samoć Marek , Nyk Marcin , Wawrzyńczyk Dominika
Published: October 2023

We present an improvement in optically-triggered antimicrobial treatment based on visible-to-ultraviolet upconversion emission in lanthanide-doped yttrium silicates.
Molecularly induced order promotes charge separation through delocalized charge-transfer states at donor–acceptor heterojunctions
Authors: Jia Xiangkun , Soprani Lorenzo , Londi Giacomo , Hosseini Seyed Mehrdad , Talnack Felix , Mannsfeld Stefan , Shoaee Safa , Neher Dieter , Reineke Sebastian , Muccioli Luca , D’Avino Gabriele , Vandewal Koen , Beljonne David , Spoltore Donato
Published: October 2023

The energetic landscape at the interface between electron donating and accepting molecular materials favors efficient conversion of intermolecular charge-transfer (CT) states into free charge carriers (FCC) in high-performance organic solar cells.
N-Heterocyclic carbene catalyzed base assisted C–C bond cleavage of cyclopropenones: an approach towards diastereoselective synthesis of azetidinones and benzoxazepines
Authors: Nanda Tanmayee , Shukla Asish Dharmendra , Dhal Shubham Kumar , Fastheem Muhammed , Ravikumar Ponneri C.
Published: October 2023

We have demonstrated a synthetic protocol to synthesize two different bio-active skeletons, that is, β-lactam and benzoxazepine by using N-heterocyclic carbene as the catalyst. Herein, 3-membered strained cyclopropenone has been used as a 3C synthon.
Replication of synthetic recognition-encoded oligomers by ligation of trimer building blocks
Authors: Núñez-Villanueva Diego , Hunter Christopher A.
Published: October 2023

The use of a building block that make three non-covalent base-pairs with a template oligomer leads to high affinity binding and high fidelity replication in a coupling reaction with a primer attached to the template with a covalent base-pair.
An aqueous vanadium complex for the superior electrolyte of a thermo-electrochemical cell
Authors: Yamada Teppei , Kobayashi Takashi , Wakayama Yusuke , Matoba Fumitoshi , Yatsuzuka Koichi , Kimizuka Nobuo , Zhou Hongyao
Published: October 2023

The Seebeck coefficient of a thermo-electrochemical cell consisting of vanadium complexes reaches −3.2 mV K−1 in water and −3.8 mV K−1 in a mixed solvent.
Electrochemical CO2 conversion technologies: state-of-the-art and future perspectives
Authors: Detz Remko J. , Ferchaud Claire J. , Kalkman Arie J. , Kemper Jasmin , Sánchez-Martínez Carlos , Saric Marija , Shinde Manoj V.
Published: October 2023

The current status and prospects of six routes to electrochemically convert CO2 into different products are investigated. The study includes for each of these routes an analysis of the costs and of the emissions related to electricity use.
Glycolysis inhibition for synergistic phototherapy of triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Fu Yuqian , Bai Tingjie , Xue Panpan , Chen Qi , Deng Weili , Yan Shuangqian , Zeng Xuemei
Published: October 2023

A simple strategy of mannose and ICG encapsulated nanoliposomes (imLipo) has been developed to down-regulate HSP90 and remit hypoxia via glycolysis inhibition, thus achieving synergistic phototherapy upon 808 nm laser irradiation.
Dynamic disulfide bonds facilitated fabrication of a multifunctional liquid-free elastomer for recyclable soft electronics
Authors: Xu Cheng , Sun Yong , Zhu Zhiming , Zhang Junji , Xu Wei
Published: October 2023

A liquid-free ionic conductive elastomer constructed from biomass small molecules shows high transparency, self-healing ability, recyclability/degradability, and conductivity as well as mechanical strength.
Multiwavelength observation of 1A 0535+262=HD 245770 from 2010 to 2021
Authors: Liu Wei , Yan Jingzhi , Xiao Guangcheng , Li Xiukun , Gao Bo , Liu Qingzhong
Published: October 2023

Context. 1A 0535+262 is a high-mass X-ray binary that went into a giant X-ray outburst in 2020. During this event, the X-ray luminosity reached the highest value measured over the last 30 years.

Aims. Our aim is to study the long-term variability of 1A 0535+262 before and after the 2020 major X-ray outburst and to uncover the mechanism that led to the X-ray outburst.

Methods. We used the long-term photometric light curve and the equivalent widths of the Hα and He I λ6678 lines to monitor the state of the Be star’s circumstellar disk. The Hα line profiles show evidence for V/R variability, which we revealed by fitting the Hα spectral line profiles with two Gaussian functions. In addition, we divided our data into four periods according to the intensity of the X-ray, optical, and infrared emission.

Results. The Hα line profiles show single-peaked profiles in most cases. This is consistent with the previously reported orbital inclination of i = 37° ±2°. Unlike the Hα lines, the He I λ6678 lines show a maximal intensity in October 2020, which is one month before the giant X-ray outburst in 2020. Based on the behavior of the equivalent widths of the Hα and He I λ6678 lines, and the V-band magnitude, we find two mass ejection processes from the Be star to the Be disk on MJD 55820 and MJD 56600. The V/R quasi-period is about two years during 2011–2015, which is different from 1994 to 1995. Furthermore, the periods I → II → III → IV in the (B − V) color index versus V-band magnitude diagram constitute a cycle. From the behavior of the V/R ratio of Hα lines, and the variability of the V band, we believe that the precession of the density perturbation inside the disk is retrograde.
Unveiling Bias: Examining the Influence of Positive Results on
Ergogenic Aids in Published Sports Science Studies
Authors: Marocolo Moacir , Mota Gustavo R. , Rodrigues Alex Batista , Leite Roberto C. de Matos , Hohl Rodrigo , Paixão Rodney Coelho da , Souza Hiago L. R. , Meireles Anderson , Arriel Rhai
Published: October 2023

We investigated the potential for publication bias in the field of sports science
regarding studies on ergogenic aids and their effects on exercise performance.
We found evidence to suggest that journals tend to prioritize studies with
positive results (76%) while neglecting those with negative outcomes
(2.7%). Worryingly, this could lead to a discrepancy between reported
conclusions and actual study outcomes. We also identified inconsistencies
between reported outcomes and actual performance variable outcomes. Taken
together, these data highlight the need for future research to reduce bias and
encourage the publication of studies with both positive and negative results to
improve the reliability of scientific evidence in this field.
Fabrication of negative magnetostrictive Japanese traditional paper (washi) with cobalt ferrite particles
Authors: Kurita Hiroki , Rova Lovisa , Keino Takumi , Narita Fumio
Published: October 2023

The cellulose fibers that form washi are longer than those of regular paper made from wood pulp. Hence, the mechanical properties of washi can be higher than those of conventional paper. This study evaluated the magnetic, magnetostrictive, and tensile properties of negative magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) particle dispersed handmade washi (washi−CoFe2O4). The CoFe2O4 additives magnetized the washi, which displayed negative magnetostriction with the fiber direction perpendicular to the magnetic field and in the parallel fiber direction. Concerning the mechanical properties, the washi−CoFe2O4 displayed an elongation of up to 77% after yielding.
A novel integrated time-resolved array avalanche photodiode detection system for nuclear resonant scattering measurements
Authors: Bao Ziyu , Zhang Yujun , Jiang Junguo , Ma Yichao , Liu Yu , Li Shenghao , Zhang Hongyu , Liu Monan , Zhou Yangfan , Li Zhenjie , Liu Yaoguang , Li Hangxu , Shen Zhibang , Yu Can , Shi Zhan , Ou Zina , Zhou Aiyu , Li Qiuju , Liu Peng , Xu Wei , Hu Michael Y. , Zhao Jiyong , Alp Ercan Esen
Published: October 2023

The nuclear resonant scattering (NRS) experiment requires photon-counting detectors with high time resolution, short dead time, large dynamic range, low noise, and large detection area. An 8-channel avalanche photodiode (APD) array detector system with high integrity, flexibility, and reliability has been developed to adapt to the demands of NRS experiments. The detector system mainly consists of four key parts: (i) an array-APD sensor, (ii) 8-channel integrated fast preamplifiers, (iii) the time-to-digital converter readout electronics, and (iv) a data acquisition system and EPICS support software. Remarkably, the system exhibits a time resolution of better than 500 ps and has a sufficiently low noise level, allowing for the lowest detection energy threshold of 4 keV. The performance of the new array-APD system as well as its real application in nuclear forward scattering (NFS) and nuclear resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (NRIXS) experiments was tested in two synchrotron facilities. With the new system, the NFS signal very close to the prompt electronic scattering signal can be extracted. Thanks to the customized EPICS-areaDetector-based control software, NRIXS spectra can be readily measured with time and energy information of the NRIXS signal stored in the raw data, which is promising for developing NRIXS data analysis in the time domain. The array-APD detector can be deployed for nuclear resonant scattering experiments at various synchrotron radiation facilities.
Stabilization of the Alfvén-ion cyclotron instability through short plasmas: Fully kinetic simulations in a high-beta regime
Authors: Nicks B. S. , Putvinski S. , Tajima T.
Published: October 2023

The Alfvén-ion cyclotron (AIC) mode is an instability that can be driven in magnetized plasmas with anisotropic pressure. Its chief deleterious effect is the driving of enhanced pitch-angle scattering of ions. Although the AIC mode has been observed in several mirror devices, it has not yet been observed in FRC devices developed by TAE Technologies [H. Gota et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 106039 (2021)]. Previous theoretical work [T. Tajima et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 201 (1977)] has suggested that sufficient axial inhomogeneity, quantified by a critical axial plasma length, can stabilize this mode. This stabilization mechanism is examined in fully kinetic particle-in-cell simulations with one spatial dimension modeling a simplified magnetic mirror geometry for a plasma with β∼1. A fast-ion population provides the driving anisotropy for the AIC mode, and the resulting effect on the fast-ion pitch angle distribution is examined. The severity of mode activity is recorded for a scan of plasma lengths for multiple fast-ion injection angles. This scan yields critical lengths that show good qualitative agreement with those from the past theoretical work.
A coupled damped harmonic oscillator model for arbitrary arrays of floating cylinders using homotopy methods
Authors: Chowdhury Swapnadip De , Bennetts Luke G. , Manasseh Richard
Published: October 2023

A coupled damped harmonic oscillator model is derived for the long-time motion of an array of floating cylinders moving in heave, forced by a prescribed initial displacement. Eigenmodes of the coupled damped harmonic oscillator model are set to be the complex resonances of the corresponding linear potential theory model of the array. Thus, the solution of the coupled damped harmonic oscillator model has the same form as the singularity expansion method. The derivation of the coupled damped harmonic oscillator model is underpinned by a homotopy method to calculate the complex resonances for arbitrary arrays. A recursive homotopy method is used to study the complex resonances as one of the geometrical parameters is varied. The coupled damped harmonic oscillator model is shown to give accurate approximations of the full linear solutions, except for exceptional cases in which additional complex resonances appear.
Control of acoustic scattering of trailing edge flow by distributed compliance
Authors: Arif Irsalan , Naseer Muhammad Rehan , Leung Randolph C. K. , Salamat Shuaib
Published: October 2023

In this paper, an approach for the reduction of trailing edge noise due to flow scattering from a semi-infinite splitter plate is proposed. It utilizes the fluid–structure interactions of well-designed multiple compliant elastic panels to suppress the flow instabilities within the boundary layers over the splitter plate to reduce overall trailing edge noise scattering. The approach is studied numerically using high-fidelity direct aeroacoustic simulation at low Reynolds numbers based on a panel length of 5×104. The noise reduction efficacy of the approach is analyzed by studying two different cases, and their underlying physical mechanisms are explored. First, the boundary layer over one side of the plate is subjected to a weak monochromatic acoustic excitation to produce laminar instabilities. Second, the boundary layer is subjected to a weak broadband excitation within the boundary layer. For each case, the panel system is uniquely designed with thorough consideration of the flow characteristics of the boundary layer instabilities of the problem. Comprehensive aeroacoustic analyses reveal that a significant sound power level reduction of 4.2 and 7.4 dB can be achieved by designed configurations for both kinds of excitation without any drag penalty. Nonlinear fluid–structure interactions of carefully designed elastic panels result in a weak correlation between the near-field flow instabilities and far-field noise. The flow-induced panel structural resonance is proven to effectively absorb the energy of boundary layer instabilities and their scattering at the trailing edge. Key characteristics for the design of compliance systems under different flow conditions are discerned and discussed.
High field suppression of bremsstrahlung emission in high-intensity laser–plasma interactions
Authors: Habibi M. , Arefiev A. , Toncian T.
Published: October 2023

The interaction of high-intensity lasers with plasma is predicted to produce extreme quasi-static magnetic fields with magnitudes approaching Megatesla levels. In relativistically transparent plasmas, these fields can enhance direct laser acceleration and allow efficient gamma-ray emission by accelerated electrons. However, due to the so-called magnetic suppression effect, the magnetic field can also affect radiating electron trajectories and, thus, reduce the emission probability of the bremsstrahlung. This is the first study to examine the bremsstrahlung suppression mechanism in the context of high-intensity laser–plasma interactions. Our paper describes a new module that integrates the suppression effect into the standard bremsstrahlung module of the EPOCH particle-in-cell code by considering the impact of magnetic fields and extending the analysis to electric fields. We also investigate this suppressing mechanism's effect on the emitting electron's dynamics. Our findings show that this mechanism not only suppresses low-energy emissions but also has an impact on the dynamics of the radiating electrons.
Topological analysis of three-dimensional magnetic reconnection in SPERF-AREX for simulated magnetopause events
Authors: He Xianglei , Mao Aohua , Apatenkov Sergey , Wang Zhibin , Sun Mengmeng , Zou Jitong , Wang Xiaogang
Published: October 2023

A scientific research device for geospace physics, the Space Plasma Environment Research Facility (SPERF), is going to be in operation this year at the Harbin Institute of Technology, China. One of its laboratory simulation platforms, the Asymmetric Reconnection EXperiment (AREX), is designed to investigate the asymmetric magnetic reconnection relevant to the process in the dayside magnetopause of the Earth. As a ground-based experimental platform, AREX emphasizes three-dimensional (3D) asymmetric driving features with topological similarity relevant to dayside reconnection. Thus, in this paper, we focus on topological analysis based on numerical simulation of AREX reconnection processes. 3D topological features in various scenarios relevant to magnetopause reconnection in different interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions are investigated by adjusting setup parameters of plasma sources and magnetic coils. The simulation results reveal that the plasma distribution of asymmetric reconnection in SPERF-AREX is analogous to that at the magnetopause. Various types of the 3D magnetic topology relevant to typical IMF conditions, including the X-line and the A–B null chain structures, are, respectively, identified and analyzed in detail.
Water flow in a cylindrical nanopore with an object
Authors: Tajparast Mohammad , Glavinović Mladen I.
Published: October 2023

Understanding the physics of water movement through a nanopore with an object is critical for better control of water flow and object translocation. It should help in the design of nanopores as molecular and viral sensors. We evaluated how the external electric field and ion concentrations, pore wall charge density, disk radius and charge density, and ion mobility influence the water flow in a charged cylindrical nanopore using Poisson–Nernst–Planck–Navier–Stokes simulations. We dissected water flow induced by the external electric field (“external” component) from that generated by the field induced by the fixed and mobile charges (“charge” component). The velocity and direction of the axial flow “external” component were controlled directly by the external electric field. The pore wall charges also influenced them indirectly by altering the density and distribution of mobile charges. Higher external concentrations enhanced the axial water flow by lowering its charge component. The ion mobility and disk charge slightly influenced the axial water flow. The axial body forces near the wall drive the axial water flow near the pore wall. If the disk is large, water also flows axially in the opposite direction near the pore center. Local forces near the disk do not control the radial water flow near the disk. The axial body force and water flow near the pore wall do. If an annulus replaces a disk, the axial forces near the pore wall control the radial flow near the annulus and the axial flow within its hole.
Resonance mechanism of hydroelastic response of multi-patch floating photovoltaic structure in water waves over stepped seabed
Authors: Zhang Chongwei , Wang Pengfei , Huang Luofeng , Zhang Mengke , Wu Haitao , Ning Dezhi
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the hydroelastic response of a multi-patch floating photovoltaic (FPV) structure in water waves over a stepped seabed. The resonance conditions and underlying mathematical mechanism of FPV patches are explored based on the linear potential-flow theory and the thin-plate model. An implicit function of the open-water wavelength and the FPV patch's structural wavelength is derived. Resonance conditions occur in the FPV patch when the patch length and structural wavelength (rather than the water wavelength, as commonly believed) satisfy certain proportions. Mathematical derivations are conducted to interpret the value of each proportion. Two resonance conditions are recognized based on the mathematical structure of the solution. The effects of a stepped seabed and adjacent patches on the resonance conditions and hydroelastic behavior of FPV structures are also investigated. For a given stiffness parameter, the resonance conditions of FPV patches are solely determined by the water depth. The distance between adjacent patches does not alter the resonance conditions of each patch. Resonance occurs in the water body between two patches when the ratio of patch distance to water wavelength takes certain proportional values. A resonant water body tends to amplify the oscillation amplitude of both patches. However, when two FPV patches and a constrained water body reach their theoretical resonance conditions at the same time, the oscillation amplitudes of both the seaward patch and the constrained free surface are evidently suppressed. The transmitted waves of an FPV structure are largely determined by the dynamics of the leeward patch.
Multipoint formulas in inverse problems and their numerical implementation
Authors: Novikov Roman G , Sivkin Vladimir N , Sabinin Grigory V
Published: October 2023

We present the first numerical study of multipoint formulas for finding leading coefficients in asymptotic expansions arising in potential and scattering theories. In particular, we implement different formulas for finding the Fourier transform of potential from the scattering amplitude at several high energies. We show that the aforementioned approach can be used for essential numerical improvements of classical results including the slowly convergent Born–Faddeev formula for inverse scattering at high energies. The approach of multipoint formulas can be also used for recovering the x-ray transform of potential from boundary values of the scattering wave functions at several high energies. Determination of total charge (electric or gravitational) from several exterior measurements is also considered. In addition, we show that the aforementioned multipoint formulas admit an efficient regularization for the case of random noise. In particular, we proceed from theoretical works (Novikov 2020 Inverse Problems
36 095001; 2021 Russ. Math. Surv.
76 723–5).
Electron scattering and neutrino physics
Authors: Ankowski A M , Ashkenazi A , Bacca S , Barrow J L , Betancourt M , Bodek A , Christy M E , Doria L , Dytman S , Friedland A , Hen O , Horowitz C J , Jachowicz N , Ketchum W , Lux T , Mahn K , Mariani C , Newby J , Pandey V , Papadopoulou A , Radicioni E , Sánchez F , Sfienti C , Udías J M , Weinstein L , Alvarez-Ruso L , Amaro J E , Argüelles C A , Balantekin A B , Bolognesi S , Brdar V , Butti P , Carey S , Djurcic Z , Dvornikov O , Edayath S , Gardiner S , Isaacson J , Jay W , Klustová A , McFarland K S , Nikolakopoulos A , Norrick A , Pastore S , Paz G , Reno M H , Ruiz Simo I , Sobczyk J E , Sousa A , Toro N , Tsai Y-D , Wagman M. , Walsh J G , Yang G
Published: October 2023

A thorough understanding of neutrino–nucleus scattering physics is crucial for the successful execution of the entire US neutrino physics program. Neutrino–nucleus interaction constitutes one of the biggest systematic uncertainties in neutrino experiments—both at intermediate energies affecting long-baseline deep underground neutrino experiment, as well as at low energies affecting coherent scattering neutrino program—and could well be the difference between achieving or missing discovery level precision. To this end, electron–nucleus scattering experiments provide vital information to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to test, assess and validate different nuclear models and event generators intended to be used in neutrino experiments. Similarly, for the low-energy neutrino program revolving around the coherent elastic neutrino–nucleus scattering (CEvNS) physics at stopped pion sources, such as at ORNL, the main source of uncertainty in the evaluation of the CEvNS cross section is driven by the underlying nuclear structure, embedded in the weak form factor, of the target nucleus. To this end, parity-violating electron scattering (PVES) experiments, utilizing polarized electron beams, provide vital model-independent information in determining weak form factors. This information is vital in achieving a percent level precision needed to disentangle new physics signals from the standard model expected CEvNS rate. In this white paper, we highlight connections between electron- and neutrino–nucleus scattering physics at energies ranging from 10 s of MeV to a few GeV, review the status of ongoing and planned electron scattering experiments, identify gaps, and lay out a path forward that benefits the neutrino community. We also highlight the systemic challenges with respect to the divide between the nuclear and high-energy physics communities and funding that presents additional hurdles in mobilizing these connections to the benefit of neutrino programs.
Experimental study on dynamic characteristics of charged particles in vacuum arc
Authors: Liu Shan , Yuan Zhao , Liu Liming , Chen Lixue , Liu Xueliang , Li Qian , Pan Yuan
Published: October 2023

The vacuum arc is essentially a process of evaporation, collision and ionization of metal materials to keep burning. Electron temperature and density are important parameters to describe vacuum arc plasma transport. This paper was based on the theory of continuous spectral radiation, combined with the principle of two-colorimetric temperature measurement, and realized 2D calculation and observation of electron temperature and density. The experimental platform for vacuum arc breaking and an optical image acquisition system were established to achieve synchronous acquisition of two wavelengths of arc by imaging separation method. On the basis of partial local thermodynamic equilibrium hypothesis, and obtained the 2D dynamic distribution of the electron temperature and density. The results showed that electron density decayed along the radial direction and the density near anode was lower in the axial direction. The 2D distribution trend of electron temperature was opposite to the density. Electron temperature had a little change and the electron density expands outward in different arcing times. With the increase of current amplitude, the peak value of electron density increased, and the electron density in the arc gap also increased. The measured results could reflect the formation and movement of microscopic particles at the initial diffusion stage.