bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Children's Dual Emotion Regulation Strategy scale: An integrated perspective of Western and East Asian cultures
Authors: Wang Li‐fei , Wei Meifen , Chang Jen‐Ho , Chiao Hung
Published: May 2023

The literature on emotion regulation in general lacks cultural and contextual sensitivity and is mainly focused on adult participants. Therefore, we developed the Children's Dual Emotion Regulation Strategy (CDERS) scale as a scenario‐based measurement that integrates Western and East Asian cultural perspectives. In Study 1 (N = 1120), six interpersonal conflict scenarios were generated, and each scenario consisted of four emotion regulation strategies (i.e., expression, forbearance, impulsiveness, and suppression), thereby including 24 items in total. A confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the four‐factor structure. Concurrent validity revealed that the four strategies in the CDERS accounted for 18%–20% of the variance in predicting positive self‐concept and life adjustment. In Study 2 (N = 319), predictive validity revealed that CDERS accounted for 12%–16% of the variance in predicting six outcomes. Incremental validity showed that the CDERS significantly accounted for an additional 3%–11% of the variance in predicting all outcomes above and beyond the existing Western and East Asian emotion regulation measures. The CDERS subscales showed acceptable internal and test–retest reliability. In summary, these studies suggest that the CDERS is a reliable and valid measure. The implications of the results point out suggestions for culturally sensitive practices.
Three‐dimensional analysis of junctions between efferent and epididymal ducts in the human caput epididymis
Authors: Nakata Hiroki , Iseki Shoichi , Mizokami Atsushi
Published: May 2023

Background

Due to the scarcity of studies using human tissues, the limited information is currently available on the gross structure of the caput epididymis in humans, at which efferent ducts connect to the epididymal duct.

Objective

The present study investigated the three‐dimensional structures of efferent and caput epididymal ducts in humans, with a focus on junctions between the former and the latter.

Materials and methods

We examined three sets of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts in specimens obtained from prostatic carcinoma patients. They were reconstructed from serial paraffin sections using a segmentation model created by a deep learning protocol and high‐performance three‐dimensional reconstruction software.

Results

Serial sections and three‐dimensional images of human efferent and caput epididymal ducts were combined to obtain the detailed anatomical information. When a single efferent duct was defined as a duct connecting to both the extra‐testicular rete testis and epididymal duct, there were 14.7 efferent ducts with a total length of 3.0 m per specimen on average. The cranial portion of the efferent ducts joined to a single duct and terminated at the end of the epididymal duct, whereas other efferent ducts terminated independently on the side of the epididymal duct. These two types of junctions between the efferent and epididymal ducts differed in the patterns of the epithelial‐type switch. The epididymal duct consisted of multiple segments, which were separated by a minimal amount of connective tissue septa or even without them. Efferent ducts occupied most of the volume of the caput epididymis.

Discussion and conclusions

By utilizing deep learning, we reconstructed human efferent and caput epididymal ducts and revealed their precise three‐dimensional structures, which differed from those of rodents in several aspects. The present results may be useful for analyzing anatomical abnormalities related to some types of male infertility.
Development of video tutorials to help parents manage children with acute illnesses using a modified Delphi method
Authors: Borch‐Johnsen L. , Andrés‐Jensen L. , Folke F. , Espersen M. M. , Amstrup S. L. , Frederiksen M. S. , Gjærde L. K. , Hjelvang B. R. , Kristoffersen M. J. , Lundby‐Christensen L. , Schrøder M. , Spangenberg K. B. , Lund S. , Cortes D.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Children often fall sick, which causes concern among parents. Online health information can be confusing and difficult to understand. We aimed to produce simple, informative video tutorials on the symptoms ill children present.

Methods

We used a modified Delphi method to produce video tutorials on the symptoms of fever, vomiting and diarrhoea, abdominal pain, breathing difficulties, sore throat, red eyes, earache and rash. We identified the most common symptoms in acutely ill children. During the first consensus round, experts rated statements on out‐of‐hospital management from existing health information. Video tutorials were produced from statements rated to be included. The second consensus round involved video showings and editing. Two videos were evaluated in focus groups by parents.

Results

During the first round, experts rated a median of 79 (40–154) statements for each symptom. Panels consisted of a median of seven (6–11) experts, primarily. Panels reached a consensus on inclusion, neutrality or exclusion in 83% of statements. The second round led to adjustments to the videos and final approval by experts. Most parents evaluated the videos as ‘informative, easy to understand and calming’.

Conclusion

We produced video tutorials on the common symptoms ill children present using a modified Delphi method. Feedback from parents in focus groups was positive.
Followers matter: Understanding the emotional exhaustion of servant leadership
Authors: Zheng Gloria Guoyang , Zhou Yu , Wu Wei
Published: May 2023

This study pivots from the broadly beneficial view of servant leadership and focuses on its negative effects on leaders themselves. Combining the constructionist approach with the job demands–resources (JD‐R) model, we propose the mutualism and parasitism paths and argue that servant leadership behaviors and followers' responses co‐construct leaders' emotional exhaustion. Specifically, we hypothesize that servant leadership influences followers' job demands and resources and, thus, predicts team taking charge and team dependence on leader. In turn, the two factors influence leaders' job demands and resources and, consequently, impact leaders' emotional exhaustion. Using two‐wave data of 385 employees from 83 teams, our results support the hypothesized model. Overall, our model and findings help explain the dark side of servant leadership.
Islamic glass in the Christian Kingdom of Alwa: Chemistry of shards from Soba, Nubia, Sudan
Authors: Then‐Obłuska Joanna , Dussubieux Laure
Published: May 2023

Excavations at Soba, the capital of Alwa, between 2019 and 2022 yielded more than 30 glass fragments in addition to a glass cosmetic bottle. An analysis of 30 glass samples has identified glass belonging to a number of compositional groups. The majority of fragments were made of plant ash‐soda glass produced in the Middle East (Iran, Iraq) between the 9th and 10th centuries, and in the Eastern Mediterranean (Levant and Egypt) between the mid‐10th and mid‐12th centuries. Seven fragments were made of mineral–soda‐lime glass produced in 9th‐century Egypt and three high‐lead glasses find analogies in the 9th‐ to 11th‐century glass. Archeological evidence, as well as textual sources, leave no doubt about Alwa’s intense transcultural connections. This article provides the first insight into the chemistry of glass shards from medieval Nubia, and the results of analysis contribute to evidence for long‐distance contacts of Soba, the capital of one of the medieval kingdoms of Sahelian Africa.
Joyful by nature: approaches to investigate the evolution and function of joy in non‐human animals
Authors: Nelson Ximena J. , Taylor Alex H. , Cartmill Erica A. , Lyn Heidi , Robinson Lauren M. , Janik Vincent , Allen Colin
Published: May 2023

The nature and evolution of positive emotion is a major question remaining unanswered in science and philosophy. The study of feelings and emotions in humans and animals is dominated by discussion of affective states that have negative valence. Given the clinical and social significance of negative affect, such as depression, it is unsurprising that these emotions have received more attention from scientists. Compared to negative emotions, such as fear that leads to fleeing or avoidance, positive emotions are less likely to result in specific, identifiable, behaviours being expressed by an animal. This makes it particularly challenging to quantify and study positive affect. However, bursts of intense positive emotion (joy) are more likely to be accompanied by externally visible markers, like vocalisations or movement patterns, which make it more amenable to scientific study and more resilient to concerns about anthropomorphism. We define joy as intense, brief, and event‐driven (i.e. a response to something), which permits investigation into how animals react to a variety of situations that would provoke joy in humans. This means that behavioural correlates of joy are measurable, either through newly discovered ‘laughter’ vocalisations, increases in play behaviour, or reactions to cognitive bias tests that can be used across species. There are a range of potential situations that cause joy in humans that have not been studied in other animals, such as whether animals feel joy on sunny days, when they accomplish a difficult feat, or when they are reunited with a familiar companion after a prolonged absence. Observations of species‐specific calls and play behaviour can be combined with biometric markers and reactions to ambiguous stimuli in order to enable comparisons of affect between phylogenetically distant taxonomic groups. Identifying positive affect is also important for animal welfare because knowledge of positive emotional states would allow us to monitor animal well‐being better. Additionally, measuring if phylogenetically and ecologically distant animals play more, laugh more, or act more optimistically after certain kinds of experiences will also provide insight into the mechanisms underlying the evolution of joy and other positive emotions, and potentially even into the evolution of consciousness.
Relation between young children's anger and fathers' mental health during the COVID‐19 epidemic: Moderating role of gender and child number
Authors: Wang Lu , Wei Yonggang , Xiao Yao , Cai Hongmei
Published: May 2023

The father–child interaction deserves attention during the COVID‐19 epidemic. This study administrated the Child Anger Questionnaire and the SCL‐90 Symptom Checklist to collect primary data from 1862 fathers of Chinese young children during the COVID‐19 outbreak, examined the relation between young children's anger and their fathers' mental health, and verified whether the relation was moderated by the gender or the child number. The results demonstrated that the detection rate of anger among Chinese young children was 60.08%, the scores of SCL‐90 factors of their fathers were significantly lower than the Chinese normal adult male norms and those of infant parents, and the anger of young children had a significant effect on their fathers' mental health. Gender and child number moderated this relation. It is of great significance to strengthen the attention to the anger of young children and the mental health of fathers during the period of public health emergencies, and to promote the harmonious interpersonal relationship between young children and their fathers.
New branch disease of Styphnolobium japonicum caused by Fusarium solani in Xinjiang of China
Authors: Wang Qian , Shi Yuanze , Yu Junnan , Shan Lulu , Sun Deying , Yang Shuqing , Chen Xiaofei
Published: May 2023

Styphnolobium japonicum (L.) Schott is a deciduous tree belonging to family Fabaceae and has been widely planted as garden greenery in China. In May 2021, a serious branch canker disease was observed in Alaer City. In order to identify the pathogen, five fungi were isolated from the diseased branches and the pathogenicity was evaluated by inoculating the branches outdoors. The pathogen was re‐isolated from all the inoculated branches, therefore fulfilling Koch's postulates. Based on the morphological characteristic and polygenetic analysis using the internal transcribed spacer region, β‐tubulin and the translation elongation factor 1‐alpha, the pathogen was identified as Fusarium solani. This is the first report of F. solani as the causal agent of a branch canker of S. japonicum in Xinjiang of China.
A modified MERR model for predicting mode II fracture initiation angle considering boundary constraint effect
Authors: Xia Yan , Yao Chengbin , Zhu Zhongmeng , Yang Zhuoran , Jiang Han
Published: May 2023

During the service process of brittle materials like marble, soda‐glass, and acrylic, mode II fracture is usually a typical failure mode. The fracture crack initiation, which is a critical factor affecting mode II fracture behavior, is an essential issue for understanding the fracture mechanism and determining fracture toughness. This paper proposed a modified maximum energy release rate model to predict the mode II fracture initiation angle through superimposing two idealized boundary conditions, remote loading, and crack‐face traction. The degree of the boundary constraint effect in finite‐size specimens was quantified by introducing the dimension‐ratio parameter. As experimentally validating through tension‐loading shear fracture tests of brittle poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), the proposed model was demonstrated to be a good prediction of the mode II fracture initiation angle. The applicability of the proposed model was also verified with other brittle materials and fracture test techniques in references. The findings provide an insightful understanding of the mode II fracture behavior of brittle materials.
Elevational shift in seed plant distributions in China's mountains over the last 70 years
Authors: Zu Kuiling , Lenoir Jonathan , Fang Jingyun , Tang Zhiyao , Shen Zehao , Ji Chengjun , Zheng Chengyang , Luo Ao , Song Wenqi , Zimmermann Niklaus E. , Pellissier Loïc , Wang Zhiheng
Published: May 2023

Aim

Significant changes in species elevational ranges in mountains have been repeatedly documented, yet the direction, magnitude and drivers of these shifts remain controversial. Presently, there is still lacking evidence about the general nature of species elevational range shifts in eastern Eurasia in response to anthropogenic climate change. By using historical specimen records and recent field observations for 735 seed plant species across 29 China's mountains, we assessed changes in species' elevational centroids and their drivers.

Location

China.

Time Period

1950–2018.

Major Taxa Studied

Seed plant species.

Methods

The elevation records of all sampled occurrences in each mountain during the two time periods were estimated, and the null models were developed to test the sampling bias. Ecological niche models (ENMs) were used to evaluate the relative importance of climate factors in constraining each species distribution. Generalized linear models (GLMs) to test the relationships between the centroid elevational range shifts of species and different divers.

Results

We found that 54% of the species shifting upward and 46% downhill. However, species' elevational shifts significantly differed among species and mountains. Herbaceous and lowland species moved upward faster than woody and high‐elevation species. Species in temperate mountains and in mountains with taller elevational gradients moved upward, while species in subtropical mountains and in mountains with shorter elevational gradients moved downward. Precipitation changes experienced by species, species' climatic adaptations, several species' functional traits and mountain size all contributed to explain the magnitude of species' centroid elevational range shifts.

Main Conclusions

Our results highlight complex biodiversity redistribution of seed plants across Chinese mountains, not necessarily conforming to the trend of species upward shifts in elevation. Changes in precipitation regimes may blur the simplistic assumption of isotherm tracking. This study fills an important geographic shortfall for our understanding of biodiversity redistribution under anthropogenic climate change.
Mechanical performance and microstructure of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs medical ceramic surgical scalpel material prepared through SPS–HF dual sintering method
Authors: Zhang Dachuang , Xiao Guangchun , Chen Hui , Yi Mingdong , Zhang Jingjie , Chen Zhaoqiang , Xu Chonghai
Published: May 2023

In this study, 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (3Y‐TZP)/Al2O3/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) medical ceramic materials for manufacturing surgical scalpels were sintered in vacuum in an SPS–625HF furnace. The mechanical performances and microstructures of the composites were investigated, and the influence mechanisms of the sintering temperature and amount of added GNPs were studied. During the sintering process at 1400°C and 30 MPa for 5 min, the added GNPs enhanced the mechanical properties of the 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3 composites. The results showed that the composite with .1 wt.% GNPs had 6.4% (910 ± 11 MPa) higher flexural strength than 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3. The composite with .4 wt.% GNPs had 38.7% (12.95 ± .22 MPa m1/2) greater fracture toughness than 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3. The main toughening mechanisms of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs were crack bridging, crack deflection, crack branching, GNPs bridging, transgranular fracture structures, and phase transformation of t‐ZrO1.95. The two‐stage densification displacement curve appeared at the optimal sintering temperature of the materials, and the 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs composites with a two‐stage densification displacement curve had excellent mechanical properties. The added GNPs can inhibit the grain growth during the sintering process, thereby refining the zirconia grains. With the increase in GNPs content, the grain size and flexural strength of the composites decreased gradually. However, higher content of GNPs was beneficial to improve the relative density and thermal diffusivity of 3Y‐TZP/Al2O3/GNPs composite material.
Public service announcements: A literature review and way forward
Authors: Sivakumaran Bharadhwaj , R. M. Harindranath , Nandakumar Nachiketas , Srivastava Ekta
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a literature review of public service announcements (PSAs). Using the SPAR‐4‐SLR protocol, we uncover 119 articles on PSAs in the domains of corporate social responsibility (CSR), the environment, health, finance, safety, and security. The literature review reveals that PSA makers may elicit empathy during their appeal and also juxtapose PSAs with narratives. Further, they may consider using fear, humour, and nurturance appeals. We cull the key takeaways from each domain and identify commonalities and differences across the domains. In addition, we offer strategies to make PSAs effective. PSA makers may run more PSAs, use targeted appeals, and use fewer celebrity appeals. The paper also identifies gaps in the literature and outlines future research directions.
A primary care psychoeducational group intervention for patients with depression and physical comorbidity: A qualitative study with a gender perspective
Authors: Raya‐Tena Antonia , Martín‐Royo Jaume , Bellido‐Pérez Mercedes , Sauch Valmaña Gloria , Berenguera Ossó Anna , Soria‐García M. Dolores , Ruíz‐Serrano Sonia , Lacasta‐Tintorer Norma , Jiménez Herrera M. Francisca
Published: May 2023

Objective

To explore the experiences and emotions of individuals with depression and physical comorbidity within the context of psychoeducational group interventions led by primary care nurses in Catalunya (Spain).

Method

A psychoeducational group intervention was conducted in the first semester of 2019 with 13 primary care teams (rural/urban) and 95 participants with depression and physical comorbidity. The qualitative research and phenomenological perspective were based on 13 field diaries and 7 semi‐structured interviews carried out with the observer nurses. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. Codes were identified by segmenting the text into citations/verbatim accounts and emerging categories/subcategories by regrouping the codes. The results were triangulated among the researchers to identify and compare similarities and differences.

Results

Four major themes were found: (a) gender differences; (b) coping strategies and changes observed during the intervention; (c) functions of the group as a therapeutic element; and (d) the nurses' perceptions of the group experience. Gender differences were identified in relation to experiences and emotions.

Conclusions

As some patients acquired skills/behaviours during the intervention that helped them initiate changes and the nurses were satisfied with the intervention, it is important to include this information when planning effective interventions for patients with this profile.
Role of supervisor support, CCM approach and salesforce performance in service selling
Authors: Zubair Ahsan , Abro Muhammad Azeem , Usman Muhammad , Shabbir Rizwan
Published: May 2023

Service organizations engage salesforce for strategic profitability by investing in building their skills and supporting them to face new competitive world challenges. This study explored the impact of coaching, counselling and mentoring (CCM) on salesforce performance, with the mediating role of supervisor support in the service sector. This study used a structured questionnaire, through convenience sampling, to collect data from 204 commercial services sector salesforce employees based on a quantitative research strategy. Multivariate analysis was conducted through the Hayes Process Macro (Model‐4), taking into account all the assumptions. The results showed that supervisory support partially mediates CCM with salesforce performance. Therefore, service organizations should follow human resource development principles and motivate new salesforce employees to become team members of existing teams for fast learning and understanding of workplace environments. This study explored three pillars of training and development from a performance perspective in the service sector. As salesforce is becoming a strategic asset, a sound employee evaluation system is required after providing training because rewards or appreciation are needed to align with its vision for gaining a competitive advantage.
Struggling for access to appropriate healthcare services: A qualitative content analysis of patient complaints
Authors: Gyberg Anna , Brezicka Thomas , Wijk Helle , Ulin Kerstin
Published: May 2023

Aim

This study aimed to describe circumstances concerning access for patients and relatives to take part in patient health and safety in a hospital setting.

Design

This study used a qualitative descriptive design and was conducted at a Swedish university hospital.

Method

The 79 complaints reported by patients and relatives included in this study were registered between January 2017 and June 2019. These complaints were classified as concerning access to healthcare services. Data were analysed using qualitative content analysis.

Results

The overarching theme, struggling for access as a human being in the healthcare system, encompassed three themes describing patients' and relatives' needs. The three themes were (1) navigating through the healthcare organization, (2) making sense of self and what is going on and (3) being acknowledged as having needs.

Conclusion

Patients and relatives continuously participate in various ways in healthcare to promote health and prevent patient harm. Our findings contribute important knowledge about the meaning of access from a broad healthcare system perspective. Access was restricted in terms of appropriateness in how patients' needs were met. This restriction of access risked the deterioration of patient health and safety.

Impact

Patients and relatives play an active part in patient health and safety, although their attempts are sometimes hindered. Restrictions in the appropriateness of access prevented patients and relatives from taking part in patient health and safety, which appeared to mean that they had to adapt and expend effort to the point that it negatively affected their health and everyday life. These findings concern all patients, relatives and healthcare professionals in hospital‐associated settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Shared and distinct patterns of genetic structure in two sympatric large decapods
Authors: Ellis Charlie D. , MacLeod Kirsty L. , Jenkins Tom L. , Rato Lénia D. , Jézéquel Youenn , Pavičić Mišo , Díaz David , Stevens Jamie R.
Published: May 2023

Aim

Comparing genetic structure in species with shared spatial ranges and ecological niches can help identify how dissimilar aspects of biology can shape differences in population connectivity. Similarly, where species are widely distributed across heterogeneous environments and major topographic barriers, knowledge of the structuring of populations can help reveal the impacts of factors which limit dispersal and/or drive divergence, aiding conservation management.

Location

European seas of the northeast Atlantic and Mediterranean.

Taxa

European clawed lobster (Homarus gammarus) and European crawfish (Palinurus elephas), two sympatric, heavily fished decapods with extensive dispersal potential.

Methods

By RAD‐sequencing 214 H. gammarus from 32 locations and 349 P. elephas from 15 locations, we isolated 6340 and 7681 SNP loci, respectively. Using these data to characterise contemporary population structuring, we investigate potential spatial and environmental drivers of genomic heterogeneity.

Results

We found higher levels of differentiation among clawed lobsters than crawfish, both globally and within basins, and demonstrate where known hydrographic and topographic barriers generate shared patterns of divergence, such as a genetic break between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. Genetic structure not common to both species is principally apparent in the Atlantic portions of their range, where clawed lobster exhibits a genetic cline and increased differentiation towards range margins, while crawfish appear effectively panmictic throughout this region.

Main Conclusions

We attribute the comparative lack of crawfish population structuring to their greater dispersal tendencies via a longer pelagic larval duration and sporadic adult movements. In contrast, genetic connectivity in clawed lobster is relatively restricted, with the correlation of site of origin and temperature to geographical heterogeneity at many divergent loci indicative of both neutral and adaptive processes. Our results help inform how contemporary management can account for likely demographic connectivity and marry the conservation of genomic variation with sustainable fisheries in these ecologically and economically important crustaceans.
Ecology, sexual dimorphism, and jumping evolution in anurans
Authors: Juarez Bryan H. , Moen Daniel S. , Adams Dean C.
Published: May 2023

Sexual dimorphism (SD) is a common feature of animals, and selection for sexually dimorphic traits may affect both functional morphological traits and organismal performance. Trait evolution through natural selection can also vary across environments. However, whether the evolution of organismal performance is distinct between the sexes is rarely tested in a phylogenetic comparative context. Anurans commonly exhibit sexual size dimorphism, which may affect jumping performance given the effects of body size on locomotion. They also live in a wide variety of microhabitats. Yet the relationships among dimorphism, performance, and ecology remain underexamined in anurans. Here, we explore relationships between microhabitat use, body size, and jumping performance in males and females to determine the drivers of dimorphic patterns in jumping performance. Using methods for predicting jumping performance through anatomical measurements, we describe how fecundity selection and natural selection associated with body size and microhabitat have likely shaped female jumping performance. We found that the magnitude of sexual size dimorphism (where females are about 14% larger than males) was much lower than dimorphism in muscle volume, where females had 42% more muscle than males (after accounting for body size). Despite these sometimes‐large averages, phylogenetic t‐tests failed to show the statistical significance of SD for any variable, indicating sexually dimorphic species tend to be closely related. While SD of jumping performance did not vary among microhabitats, we found female jumping velocity and energy differed across microhabitats. Overall, our findings indicate that differences in sex‐specific reproductive roles, size, jumping‐related morphology, and performance are all important determinants in how selection has led to the incredible ecophenotypic diversity of anurans.
Enrichment of sourdough bread with hazelnut skin, cross‐linked starch, or oxidized starch for improvement of nutritional quality
Authors: Durmus Yusuf , Whitney Kristin , Anil Munir , Simsek Senay
Published: May 2023

Health concerns led to a shift toward the consumption of high dietary fiber bread. Additionally, climate change and supply chain concerns have led to the investigation of new sources of fiber utilizing waste products or co‐products of various crops, such as hazelnuts. The utilization of hazelnut skin also presents a value‐adding opportunity for hazelnut producers and processors. This research aims to investigate hazelnut skin as a dietary fiber source and to enhance the nutritional quality of sourdough bread with cross‐linked and oxidized starches. The in vitro starch digestibility significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with the addition of hazelnut skin at 5% and 10%. Sourdough bread with cross‐linked or oxidized starch had significantly (p < 0.05) higher slowly digestible starch and resistant starch contents and significantly (p < 0.05) lower estimated glycemic index (eGI). The addition of hazelnut skin caused a gradual increase in the dietary fiber content of sourdough bread. Oxidized starch significantly (p < 0.05) increased the soluble and insoluble dietary fiber. This study demonstrated that the hazelnut and modified starches positively affected the nutritional composition of sourdough bread, and starch‐phenolic‐fiber interactions might take place in bread‐making. The benefits gained from the enrichment of fiber in sourdough bread with hazelnut skin can support this as a high value ingredient in baking.

Practical Applications

Reducing waste is essential for food processing industries across the supply chain. Companies utilizing hazelnuts that wish to increase sustainability and reduce their carbon footprint will need to show how their suppliers are reducing waste. Positive interactions were observed between hazelnut skin and modified starch that enhanced nutritional quality of sourdough bread. This study shows the benefits of waste reduction in the food industry and how we can turn waste products into highly functional dietary components.
Impact of gas ultrafine bubbles on the efficacy of antimicrobials for eliminating fresh and aged Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on dairy processing surfaces
Authors: Unger Phoebe , Sekhon Amninder Singh , Sharma Sonali , Lampien Alexander , Michael Minto
Published: May 2023

Ultrafine bubbles (UFB) are a novel concept that has the potential to enhance the potency of antimicrobials to eliminate biofilms. This study investigated the impact of incorporating gas (air, CO2, and N2) UFB on the potency of chlorine (Cl2; 50, 100, and 200 ppm) and peracetic acid (PAA; 20, 40, and 80 ppm) antimicrobial (AM) solutions against fresh (3 days) and aged (30 days) Listeria monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel surfaces. Listeria monocytogenes biofilms were statically grown on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel coupons (7.62 × 2.54 cm) at 25°C for 3 or 30 days, by immersing in a three‐strain cocktail of L. monocytogenes in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth. The coupons were treated by submerging in AM solutions with or without UFB for 1 min, then swabbed into Dey‐Engley neutralizing broth and enumerated on BHI agar. Incorporation of air, CO2, and N2 UFB in AM solutions resulted in significantly increased log reductions (0.4–1.5 logs) of fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene and stainless steel surfaces, whereas incorporation of CO2 UFB in AM solutions resulted in ~1 log greater reductions of fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on silicone surfaces compared with AM solutions without UFB. This study also demonstrated that 200 ppm Cl2 was most effective against fresh and aged L. monocytogenes biofilms on polypropylene, silicone, and stainless steel surfaces compared with 50 ppm Cl2, 20 ppm PAA, and 40 ppm PAA.
Development and initial psychometric properties of the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale‐Intellectual Disability version
Authors: Scior K. , Patel M. , Goldsmith‐Sumner A. , Hayden N. , Lee J. Y. , Lunsky Y. , Osborne M. , Richardson L. , Stewart‐Brown S. , Hastings R. P.
Published: May 2023

Background

The Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS; Tennant et al., 2007) is yet to be validated in the intellectual disability (ID) population. The aim of this study was to report the development process and assess the psychometric properties of a newly adapted version of the WEMWBS and the Short WEMWBS for individuals with mild to moderate IDs (WEMWBS‐ID/SWEMWBS‐ID).

Method

The WEMWBS item wordings and response options were revised by clinicians and researchers expert in the field of ID, and a visual aid was added to the scale. The adapted version was reviewed by 10 individuals with IDs. The measure was administered by researchers online using screenshare, to individuals aged 16+ years with mild to moderate IDs. Data from three UK samples were collated to evaluate the WEMWBS‐ID (n = 96). A subsample (n = 22) completed the measure again 1 to 2 weeks later to assess test–retest reliability, and 95 participants additionally completed an adapted version of the adapted Rosenberg Self‐Esteem Scale to examine convergent validity. Additional data from a Canadian sample (n = 27) were used to evaluate the SWEMWBS‐ID (n = 123).

Results

The WEMWBS‐ID demonstrated good internal consistency (ω = 0.77–0.87), excellent test–retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = .88] and good convergent validity with the self‐esteem scale (r = .48–.60) across samples. A confirmatory factor analysis for a single factor model demonstrated an adequate fit. The SWEMWBS‐ID showed poor to good internal consistency (ω = 0.36–0.74), moderate test–retest reliability (ICC = .67) and good convergent validity (r = .48–.60) across samples, and a confirmatory factor analysis indicated good model fit for a single factor structure.

Conclusions

The WEMWBS‐ID and short version demonstrated promising psychometric properties, when administered virtually by a researcher. Further exploration of the scales with larger, representative samples is warranted.
Seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis among individuals with intellectual disability in Hormozgan Province, southern Iran
Authors: Omidian M. , Shahrbabak F. Z. , Pouryousef A. , Turki H. , Sarkari B.
Published: May 2023

Background

People with mental defects are more likely to get the infection due to their low levels of health care and personal hygiene. The current study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Toxoplasma infection among individuals with intellectual disabilities in Hormozgan province, southern Iran.

Methods

The study population was 117 individuals with intellectual disabilities. Venous blood (3 mL) was taken from each subject. A commercial ELISA kit was used to determine anti‐Toxoplasma IgG antibodies.

Results

Of 117 recruited subjects, 55 (47.0%) were men and 62 (53.0%) were women. The mean age of participants was 27.6 (±12.31) years. Out of 117 studied subjects, 76 had severe and 41 had profound intellectual disabilities. Anti‐Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were detected in the sera of 35 out of 117 (29.9%) individuals. Seropositivity to toxoplasmosis was significantly higher in severe than in individuals with profound intellectual disabilities (P < 0.05). There was no statistically significant association between Toxoplasma infection and age, sex and duration of residency in the rehabilitation centre.

Conclusions

The findings of this study indicate that the prevalence of Toxoplasma in people with intellectual disabilities is not much different from other groups of the community.
Butyrylcholinesterase in lipid metabolism: A new outlook
Authors: Gok Muslum , Cicek Cigdem , Bodur Ebru
Published: May 2023

Cholinesterase enzymes acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are traditionally associated with the termination of acetylcholine mediated neural signaling. The fact that these ubiquitous enzymes are also found in tissues not involved in neurotransmission has led to search for alternative functions for these enzymes. Cholinesterases are reported to be involved in many lipid related disease states. Taking into view that lipases and cholinesterases belong to the same enzyme class and by comparing the catalytic sites, we propose a new outlook on the link between BChE and lipid metabolism. The lipogenic substrates of BChE that have recently emerged in contrast to traditional cholinesterase substrates are explained through the hydrolytic capacity of BChE for ghrelin, 4‐methyumbelliferyl (4‐mu) palmitate, and arachidonoylcholine and through endogenous lipid mediators such as cannabinoids like anandamide and essential fatty acids. The abundance of BChE in brain, intestine, liver, and plasma, tissues with active lipid metabolism, supports the idea that BChE may be involved in lipid hydrolysis. BChE is also regulated by various lipids such as linoleic acid, alpha‐linolenic acid or dioctanoylglycerol, whereas AChE is inhibited. The finding that BChE is able to hydrolyze 4‐mu palmitate at a pH where lipases are less efficient points to its role as a backup in lipolysis. In diseases such as Alzheimer, in which elevated BChE and impaired lipid levels are observed, the lipolytic activity of BChE might be involved. It is possible to suggest that fatty acids such as 4‐mu palmitate, ghrelin, arachidonoylcholine, essential fatty acids, and other related lipid mediators regulate cholinesterases, which could lead to some sort of compensatory mechanism at high lipid concentrations.

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Characterisation and automated quantification of induced seizure‐related behaviours in Xenopus laevis tadpoles
Authors: Panthi Sandesh , Chapman Phoebe A. , Szyszka Paul , Beck Caroline W.
Published: May 2023

Epilepsy, a clinical diagnosis characterised by paroxysmal episodes known as seizures, affects 1% of people worldwide. Safe and patient‐specific treatment is vital and can be achieved by the development of rapid pre‐clinical models of for identified epilepsy genes. Epilepsy can result from either brain injury or gene mutations, and can also be induced chemically. Xenopus laevis tadpoles could be a useful model for confirmation of variants of unknown significance found in epilepsy patients, and for drug re‐purposing screens that could eventually lead to benefits for patients. Here, we characterise and quantify seizure‐related behaviours in X. laevis tadpoles arrayed in 24‐well plates. To provoke acute seizure behaviours, tadpoles were chemically induced with either pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) or 4‐aminopyridine (4‐AP). To test the capacity to adapt this method for drug testing, we also exposed induced tadpoles to the anti‐seizure drug valproate (VPA). Four induced seizure‐like behaviours were described and manually quantified, and two of these (darting, circling) could be accurately detected automatically, using the video analysis software TopScan. Additionally, we recorded swimming trajectories and mean swimming velocity. Automatic detection showed that either PTZ or 4‐AP induced darting behaviour and increased mean swimming velocity compared to untreated controls. Both parameters were significantly reduced in the presence of VPA. In particular, darting behaviour was a shown to be a sensitive measure of epileptic seizure activity. While we could not automatically detect the full range of seizure behaviours, this method shows promise for future studies since X. laevis is a well‐characterised and genetically tractable model organism.

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Efficacy of topical vitamin C in melasma and photoaging: A systematic review
Authors: Correia Gabriela , Magina Sofia
Published: May 2023

Background

Vitamin C is a micronutrient present in high concentrations in normal skin and a highly prescribed cosmeceutical, well known for protecting against ultraviolet‐induced pigmentation and regulating collagen production. However, there is a lack of studies evaluating the efficacy of topical vitamin C in photoaging and melasma, with this systematic review being the first to assess the existing evidence.

Aim

This systematic review aims to assess whether topical vitamin C could be effective in reversing photoaging signs and treating melasma.

Methods

Prospective, randomized controlled trials assessing protocols with topically applied vitamin C in patients with melasma or photodamage were searched in Medline, CENTRAL, and Scopus databases until the 12th of May 2022. Risk of bias was conducted in accordance with Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias in randomized trials, using RevMan 5.0.

Results

Seven publications were included, with 139 volunteers in total. Studies that evaluated the topography of skin indicated that the treated skin appeared smoother and less wrinkled, which was supported by biopsies data. On objective assessments of pigmentation, there was a significant lightening of the skin treated. Hydration improved equally in the vitamin C and placebo‐treated sites.

Conclusions

This study revealed that vitamin C is effective in treating uneven, wrinkled skin and has depigmenting properties, but long‐term use may be needed to achieve noticeable changes. Q‐switched Nd:YAG laser‐associated protocols appear beneficial in enhancing vitamin C effects. Topical vitamin C may be a suitable alternative for melasma and photoaging, but more studies are needed to confirm these results and assess the ideal vitamin C concentration.
Effect of pdo facelift threads on facial skin tissues: An ultrasonographic analysis
Authors: Lots Telma Cerbino Cintra
Published: May 2023

Background

Recent studies demonstrate that PDO threads, after being introduced into the facial skin, provide benefits due to collagen formation around the thread and improved vascularization.

Aims

This work aims to report the ultrasound and photographic follow‐up after the execution of the facelift thread technique, thus evaluating the anti‐aging treatment that PDO threads will provide for human facial skin.

Methods

The facelift will be performed using PDO thread 18G cannulated Sculpt i‐ Thread FML 100 × 185 mm, and 29G PDO thread Needled Flat i‐Thread 38 × 50 mm. A total of 10 patients were selected for the study; all of them had medium‐grade facial ptosis and aged 40–50 years old. In order to control tissue changes after thread, insertion ultrasound measurements will be made with Philips ultrasound 12 MHz linear probe at maximum resolution, initial evaluations and control of 30, 60, 90, and 120 days, measuring the skin layers: epidermis\dermis and hypodermis. Photographic control was performed before and after 120 days of intrusion of the PDO threads.

Results

The formation of collagen around the PDO thread was evidenced through ultrasound images in all patients in this study, as well as improvement in the appearance of the skin and sagging, evaluated by photographic control.

Conclusions

We can define that the PDO threads used for the facelift are effective in the formation of collagen around the thread (observed through the increase in the dermal layer), and improvement of the condition of the anti‐aging factor through sagging skin, vascularization and thinning of the superficial fat layer (observed through the reduction of the subcutaneous or hypodermis layer).
Factors associated with reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Wu Xiaoyu , Zhang Wenxia , Liu Aihong , Zhang Meifen
Published: May 2023

Aims and Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of reproductive concerns among young female patients with colorectal cancer and explore the associated factors.

Background

With the trend of longer survival and younger age at diagnosis of colorectal cancer patients, reproductive concerns have become increasingly prevalent among young female colorectal cancer patients.

Design

Cross‐sectional design.

Methods

The study included 150 young female patients with colorectal cancer who completed cancer treatment at 2 hospitals in Guangzhou, China, between November 2020 and December 2021 completed an investigation comprising A general questionnaire, The Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale, The Family Adaptation and Cohesion Evaluation Scale II and unmet fertility information needs questionnaire. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed in order to identify factors that influence reproductive concerns. This study was prepared and is reported according to the STROBE checklist.

Results

The mean (SD) score on the Reproductive Concerns After Cancer scale was 54.78 ± 8.97. The highest score was for the children's health subscale (3.84 ± .92) and the lowest was for acceptance (2.24 ± .70). Multiple regression analysis showed that patients with fewer children, female children, lower education level (less than undergraduate degree), earlier disease stage, lower family function and higher unmet need for fertility information had more reproductive concerns, which explained 26.9% of the total variation of the model.

Conclusions

The patients with fewer children, female children, low cultural degree (less than bachelor), early clinical patients, poorer family function and higher unmet fertility information needs had higher reproductive concerns.

Relevance to clinical practice

These findings can guide the development of interventions to mitigate reproductive concerns, including understand and meet their fertility information needs, improve the level of family function.

Patient or public contribution

Survey questionnaires were completed by participants among young female with colorectal cancer in this study.
Acquisition Relatedness in Family Firms: Do the Environment and the Institutional Context Matter?
Authors: Pinelli Michele , Chirico Francesco , De Massis Alfredo , Zattoni Alessandro
Published: May 2023

Research on the acquisition behaviour of family firms has produced conflicting theoretical arguments and mixed empirical findings on their propensity to acquire related or unrelated targets. While previous work has mainly focused on firm‐level variables, this study examines the environment in which family firms operate and the institutional context where acquisitions take place. Drawing on the mixed gambles logic of the behavioural agency model, we theorize that family firms are more likely than nonfamily firms to undertake related acquisitions when they operate in uncertain environments to avoid losses to the family's current socioemotional wealth. However, family firms are more likely to undertake unrelated acquisitions, when the environment is uncertain but the target operates in a similar and more developed institutional context where prospective financial gains are more predictable. Overall, building on a sample of 1014 international acquisitions, our study offers important contributions to the literature on family firms and acquisitions.