bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of MYEOV-Associated Gene Network as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Jialun , Guo Qiyuan , Li Xihan , Zou Xiaoping
Published: November 2022

The molecular mechanism that promotes pancreatic cancer remains unclear, so it is important to find the molecular network of important genes related to pancreatic cancer. To find the key molecule of pancreatic cancer, differential gene expression analyses were analyzed by the Deseq2 package, edgeR package, and limma-voom package, respectively. Pancreatic cancer survival-related genes were analyzed by COX survival analysis. Finally, we integrated the results to obtain the significantly differentially expressed gene, MYEOV (myeloma overexpressed gene), most strongly related to survival in pancreatic cancer. Experimental verification by qRT-PCR confirmed that transcription levels of MYEOV mRNA markedly increased in pancreatic cancer cells relative to normal human pancreatic ductal epithelial cells (HPDE). Through the comprehensive analysis of multiple databases, we constructed a molecular network centered on MYEOV and found specific links between molecules in this network and tumor-associated immune cells. It was noted that MYEOV could serve as a ceRNA by producing molecular sponging effects on hsa-miR-103a-3p and hsa-miR-107, thus affecting the role of GPRC5A, SERPINB5, EGFR, KRAS, EIF4G2, and PDCD4 on pancreatic cancer progression. Besides, we also identified that infiltrated immune cells are potential mediators for the molecules in the MYEOV-related network to promote pancreatic cancer progression. It is the first report to focus on the possibility that MYEOV may act as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to form an interactive network with some pancreatic cancer-related genes such as KRAS and serve as a key therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer treatment.
Salivary Microbiota Composition in Patients with Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mauceri Rodolfo , Coppini Martina , Vacca Davide , Bertolazzi Giorgio , Panzarella Vera , Di Fede Olga , Tripodo Claudio , Campisi Giuseppina
Published: November 2022

Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most prevalent cancers worldwide. Despite recent advances in diagnosis and treatment, in recent years, an increase in the incidence of OSCC has been registered, and the mortality rate is still high. This systematic review aims to identify a potential association between the composition of salivary microbiota and OSCC. Materials and Methods: The protocol for this study was designed following the PRISMA guidelines. Records were identified using different search engines (e.g., Medline/PubMed). Observational studies, in human subjects with histological diagnosis of OSCC, concerning the analysis of salivary microbiota, were selected. Results: Eleven papers were included. The salivary microbiomes of 1335 patients were analysed (n.687 OSCC and n.648 controls). Due to the great heterogeneity of the studies, it was not possible to profile a specific microbiota associated with OSCC. However, periodontal pathogens were the most common bacteria detected in patients with OSCC (i.e., Fusobacterium, Prevotella). Conclusions: Although there are evident alterations in the salivary microbiota composition in OSCC patients, it is still a challenge to identify a specific microbiota pattern in OSCC patients. If the associations between specific salivary microorganisms and OSCC are confirmed, microbiome analysis could be a useful tool for the screening and follow-up of patients affected by OSCC.
Reliable Flow-Cytometric Approach for Minimal Residual Disease Monitoring in Patients with B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia after CD19-Targeted Therapy
Authors: Mikhailova Ekaterina , Illarionova Olga , Komkov Alexander , Zerkalenkova Elena , Mamedov Ilgar , Shelikhova Larisa , Olshanskaya Yulia , Miakova Natalia , Novichkova Galina , Karachunskiy Alexander , Maschan Michael , Popov Alexander
Published: November 2022

We aimed to develop an antibody panel and data analysis algorithm for multicolor flow cytometry (MFC), which is a reliable method for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in patients with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL) treated with CD19-directed therapy. The development of the approach, which was adapted for the case of possible CD19 loss, was based on the additional B-lineage marker expression data obtained from a study of primary BCP-ALL patients, an analysis of the immunophenotypic changes that occur during blinatumomab or CAR-T therapy, and an analysis of very early CD19-negative normal BCPs. We have developed a single-tube 11-color panel for MFC-MRD detection. CD22- and iCD79a-based primary B-lineage gating (preferably consecutive) was recommended. Based on patterns of antigen expression changes and the relative expansion of normal CD19-negative BCPs, guidelines for MFC data analysis and interpretation were established. The suggested approach was tested in comparison with the molecular techniques: IG/TR gene rearrangement detection by next-generation sequencing (NGS) and RQ-PCR for fusion-gene transcripts (FGTs). Qualitative concordance rates of 82.8% and 89.8% were obtained for NGS-MRD and FGT-MRD results, respectively. We have developed a sensitive and reliable approach that allows MFC-MRD monitoring after CD19-directed treatment, even in the case of possible CD19 loss.
CRISPR/Cas9 Edited RAS & MEK Mutant Cells Acquire BRAF and MEK Inhibitor Resistance with MEK1 Q56P Restoring Sensitivity to MEK/BRAF Inhibitor Combo and KRAS G13D Gaining Sensitivity to Immunotherapy
Authors: Turner Elizabeth , Chen Luping , Foulke John G. , Gu Zhizhan , Tian Fang
Published: November 2022

BRAF V600E mutation drives uncontrolled cell growth in most melanomas. While BRAF V600E tumors are initially responsive to BRAF inhibitors, prolonged treatment results in inhibitor resistance and tumor regrowth. Clinical data have linked the NRAS Q61K, KRAS G13D and MEK1 Q56P mutations to the BRAF inhibitor resistance. However, development of novel therapeutics is hindered by the lack of relevant isogeneic cell models. We employed CRISPR/Cas9 genome engineering to introduce NRAS Q61K, KRAS G13D and MEK1 Q56P mutations into the A375 melanoma cell line with endogenously high expression of BRAF V600E. The resulting isogenic cell lines are resistant to BRAF inhibitors. The A375 MEK1 Q56P isogenic cells are additionally resistant to MEK inhibitors as single agent, but interestingly, these cells become sensitive to MEK/BRAF inhibitor combo. Our results suggest that resistance in the NRAS and MEK isogenic lines is driven by constitutive MEK/ERK signaling, while the resistance in the KRAS isogenic line is driven by EGFR overexpression. Interestingly, the KRAS G13D isogenic line displays elevated PD-L1 expression suggesting the KRAS G13D mutation could be a potential indication for immunotherapy. Overall, these three novel isogenic cell models with endogenous level RAS and MEK1 point mutations provide direct bio-functional evidence demonstrating that acquiring a drug-resistant gene drives tumor cell survival and may simultaneously introduce new indications for combo therapy or immunotherapy in the clinic.
Long Non-Coding RNA and microRNA Interplay in Colorectal Cancer and Their Effect on the Tumor Microenvironment
Authors: Rajtmajerová Marie , Trailin Andriy , Liška Václav , Hemminki Kari , Ambrozkiewicz Filip
Published: November 2022

As the current staging and grading systems are not sufficient to stratify patients for therapy and predict the outcome of the disease, there is an urgent need to understand cancer in its complexity. The mutual relationship between tumour and immune or stromal cells leads to rapid evolution and subsequent genetic and epigenetic changes. Immunoscore has been introduced as a diagnostic tool for colorectal cancer (CRC) only recently, emphasising the role of the specific tumor microenvironment in patient’s prognosis and overall outcome. Despite the fact that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), such as microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), cannot be translated into proteins, they significantly affect cell’s transcriptome and translatome. miRNA binding to mRNA efficiently blocks its translation and leads to mRNA destruction. On the other hand, miRNAs can be bound by lncRNAs or circular RNAs (circRNAs), which prevents them from interfering with translation. In this way, ncRNAs create a multi-step network that regulates the cell’s translatome. ncRNAs are also shed by the cell as exogenous RNAs and they are also found in exosomes, suggesting their role in intercellular communication. Hence, these mechanisms affect the tumor microenvironment as much as protein signal molecules. In this review, we provide an insight into the current knowledge of the microenvironment, lncRNAs’, and miRNAs’ interplay. Understanding mechanisms that underlie the evolution of a tissue as complex as a tumour is crucial for the future success in therapy.
Oncological Outcomes of Distal Ureterectomy for High-Risk Urothelial Carcinoma: A Multicenter Study by The French Bladder Cancer Committee
Authors: Masson-Lecomte Alexandra , Vaillant Victoire , Roumiguié Mathieu , Lévy Stéphan , Pradère Benjamin , Peyromaure Michaël , Duquesne Igor , De La Taille Alexandre , Lebâcle Cédric , Panis Adrien , Traxer Olivier , Leon Priscilla , Hulin Maud , Xylinas Evanguelos , Audenet François , Seisen Thomas , Loriot Yohann , Allory Yves , Rouprêt Morgan , Neuzillet Yann
Published: November 2022

Upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) is an uncommon disease and its gold-standard treatment is radical nephroureterectomy (RNU). Distal ureterectomy (DU) might be an alternative for tumors of the distal ureter but its indications remain unclear. Here, we aimed to evaluate the oncological outcomes of DU for UTUC of the pelvic ureter. We performed a multicenter retrospective analysis of patients with UTUC who underwent DU. The primary endpoint was 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS), followed by overall survival (OS), intravesical recurrence-free (IVR) and homolateral urinary tract recurrence-free (HUR) survivals as secondary endpoints. Univariate and multivariate Cox regressions were performed to assess factors associated with outcomes. 155 patients were included, 91% of which were high-risk. 5-year CSS was 84.4%, OS was 71.9%, IVR-free survival was 43.6% and HUR-free survival was 74.4%. Multifocality, high grade and tumor size were the most significant predictors of survival endpoints. Of note, neither hydronephrosis nor pre-operative diagnostic ureteroscopy/JJ stent were associated with any of the endpoints. Perioperative morbidity was minimal. In conclusion, DU stands as a possible alternative to RNU for UTUC of the pelvic ureter. Close monitoring is mandatory due to the high risk of recurrence in the remaining urinary tract.
Recurrence of Oral Leukoplakia after CO2 Laser Resection: A Prospective Longitudinal Study
Authors: Rodriguez-Lujan Adela , López-Jornet Pia , Pons-Fuster López Eduardo
Published: November 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of CO2 laser treatment in oral leukoplakia and to analyse the recurrence rate of oral leukoplakia lesions at 18-month follow-up. Materials and methods: A prospective clinical study regarding CO2 laser treatment for oral leukoplakia was conducted, in which 39 patients with a total of 53 oral leukoplakias were included. Follow-up was performed at 18 months post-surgery and the following variables were studied: sex, age, associated risk factors, clinical classification, size, location and presence of epithelial dysplasia, recurrence, and rate of malignant transformation after resection. Results: In the analysis of the final results 18 months after baseline, a treatment success rate of 43.75% was observed. Oral leukoplakia recurred in 54.17% of cases, and 2.08% of leukoplakias progressed to cancer. Among all the studied variables (age, tobacco use, size, location, clinical type or histology), no significant differences were found with regard to recurrence. Conclusion: The use of CO2 laser therapy to treat leukoplakia lesions is sufficient to remove such lesions. However, parameters that can assess recurrence need to be sought.
Superior Performance of an Iron-Platinum/Vulcan Carbon Fuel Cell Catalyst
Authors: Sapkota Prabal , Lim Sean , Aguey-Zinsou Kondo-Francois
Published: November 2022

This work reports on the synthesis of iron-platinum on Vulcan carbon (FePt/VC) as an effective catalyst for the electrooxidation of molecular hydrogen at the anode, and electroreduction of molecular oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. The catalyst was synthesized by using the simple polyol route and characterized by XRD and HRTEM along with EDS. The catalyst demonstrated superior electrocatalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction and the oxidation of hydrogen with a 2.4- and 1.2-fold increase compared to platinum on Vulcan carbon (Pt/VC), respectively. Successful application of FePt/VC catalyst in a self-breathing fuel cell also showed a 1.7-fold increase in maximum power density compared to Pt/VC. Further analysis by accelerated stress test demonstrated the superior stability of FePt on the VC substrate with a 4% performance degradation after 60,000 cycles. In comparison, a degradation of 6% after 10,000 cycles has been reported for Pt/Ketjenblack.
Recent Progress of Ga-Based Catalysts for Catalytic Conversion of Light Alkanes
Authors: Li Yuming , Fu Shuting , Zhang Qiyang , Liu Hongyu , Wang Yajun
Published: November 2022

The efficient and clean conversion of light alkanes is a research hotspot in the petrochemical industry, and the development of effective and eco-friendly non-noble metal-based catalysts is a key factor in this field. Among them, gallium is a metal component with good catalytic performance, which has been extensively used for light alkanes conversion. Herein, we critically summarize recent developments in the preparation of gallium-based catalysts and their applications in the catalytic conversion of light alkanes. First, we briefly describe the different routes of light alkane conversion. Following that, the remarkable preparation methods for gallium-based catalysts are discussed, with their state-of-the-art application in light alkane conversion. It should be noticed that the directional preparation of specific Ga species, strengthening metal-support interactions to anchor Ga species, and the application of new kinds of methods for Ga-based catalysts preparation are at the leading edge. Finally, the review provides some current limitations and future perspectives for the development of gallium-based catalysts. Recently, different kinds of Ga species were reported to be active in alkane conversion, and how to separate them with advanced in situ and ex situ characterizations is still a problem that needs to be solved. We believe that this review can provide base information for the preparation and application of Ga-based catalysts in the current stage. With these summarizations, this review can inspire new research directions of gallium-based catalysts in the catalysis conversion of light alkanes with ameliorated performances.
Synthesis and Characterization of SiO2/TiO2 as Photocatalyst on Methylene Blue Degradation
Authors: Babyszko Aleksandra , Wanag Agnieszka , Sadłowski Marcin , Kusiak-Nejman Ewelina , Morawski Antoni W.
Published: November 2022

The paper presents a modification of titanium dioxide with fumed silica. The SiO2/TiO2 photocatalysts were obtained by the sol-gel method and then were calcined under an argon atmosphere. Various SiO2 weights (2–17.2 wt.%) were used in the materials’ preparation stage. The obtained samples were characterized using advanced analytical methods, such as FT-IR/DRS infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, SEM scanning electron microscopy, and UV-Vis/DRS spectroscopy. The BET specific surface area and zeta potential of samples were also measured. Based on the obtained results, it was observed that the modification of titanium dioxide with SiO2 effectively inhibited the increase in crystallite size of anatase and brookite during calcination and the decrease in specific surface area values. Moreover, the presence of SiO2 in the nanomaterials contributed to the increase in the size of specific surface area and the change in band gap energy values. The photocatalytic activity was determined based on the decomposition of methylene blue under UV irradiation. Thermal modification in an inert gas atmosphere significantly increased the dye removal rate. It should be noted that all the obtained SiO2/TiO2 photocatalysts showed higher activity compared to the starting TiO2. It was also found that the photocatalytic activity increased along with the increase in SiO2 content in the sample (up to 14.3 wt.% of SiO2). The highest activity was recorded for SiO2(11.1%)/TiO2_400 and SiO2(14.3%)/TiO2_400 samples.
Only Acute but Not Chronic Thrombocytopenia Protects Mice against Left Ventricular Dysfunction after Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Reusswig Friedrich , Polzin Amin , Klier Meike , Dille Matthias Achim , Ayhan Aysel , Benkhoff Marcel , Lersch Celina , Prinz Anika , Gorressen Simone , Fischer Jens Walter , Kelm Malte , Elvers Margitta
Published: November 2022

Background: Platelets are major players of thrombosis and inflammation after acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The impact of thrombocytopenia on platelet-induced cellular processes post AMI is not well defined. Methods: The left anterior descending artery was ligated in C57/Bl6 mice and in two thrombocytopenic mouse models to induce AMI. Results: Platelets from STEMI patients and from C57/Bl6 mice displayed enhanced platelet activation after AMI. This allows platelets to migrate into the infarct but not into the remote zone of the left ventricle. Acute thrombocytopenia by antibody-induced platelet depletion resulted in reduced infarct size and improved cardiac function 24 h and 21 days post AMI. This was due to reduced platelet-mediated inflammation after 24 h and reduced scar formation after 21 days post AMI. The collagen composition and interstitial collagen content in the left ventricle were altered due to platelet interaction with cardiac fibroblasts. Acute inflammation was also significantly reduced in Mpl−/− mice with chronic thrombocytopenia, but cardiac remodeling was unaltered. Consequently, left ventricular function, infarct size and scar formation in Mpl−/− mice were comparable to controls. Conclusion: This study discovers a novel role for platelets in cardiac remodeling and reveals that acute but not chronic thrombocytopenia protects left ventricular function post AMI.
Secreted Factors and Extracellular Vesicles Account for the Immunomodulatory and Tissue Regenerative Properties of Bone-Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Osteoarthritis
Authors: Ragni Enrico , Perucca Orfei Carlotta , de Girolamo Laura
Published: November 2022

Bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) showed therapeutic potential in the treatment of musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis (OA). Their soluble mediators and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which make up the secretome, suppress immune response, attenuate inflammation and promote cartilage repair. EVs, as well as the whole secretome, have been investigated as cell free approaches for OA although, to date, a disease-tailored molecular fingerprint is missing. In this study, soluble mediators and miRNAs were sifted in the BMSCs’ secretome and EVs, respectively, and analyzed in the frame of cell types and factors involved in OA. The majority of identified molecules repress the activation of immune cells and the production of OA-related inflammatory mediators, as well as promote cartilage protection by acting on both chondrocytes homeostasis and extracellular matrix-degrading enzymes. These data provide the molecular ground for the therapeutic potential of BMSCs for regenerative applications for OA and support the use of secretome or EVs as cell-free applications in joint diseases.
Palmitate Inhibits Mouse Macrophage Efferocytosis by Activating an mTORC1-Regulated Rho Kinase 1 Pathway: Therapeutic Implications for the Treatment of Obesity
Authors: Sós László , Garabuczi Éva , Sághy Tibor , Mocsár Gábor , Szondy Zsuzsa
Published: November 2022

Every day, billions of our cells die and get cleared without inducing inflammation. When, clearance is improper, uncleared cells undergo secondary necrosis and trigger inflammation. In addition, proper efferocytosis would be required for inducing resolution of inflammation, thus clearance deficiencies in the long term lead to development of various chronic inflammatory diseases. Increasing evidence indicates that obesity, itself being a low-grade inflammatory disease, predisposes to a variety of other chronic inflammatory diseases. Previous studies indicated that this later might be partially related to an impaired efferocytosis induced by increased uptake of circulating saturated fatty acids by macrophages in obese people. Here, we show that palmitate inhibits efferocytosis by bone marrow-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. Palmitate triggers autophagy but also activates an energy-sensing mTORC1/ROCK1 signaling pathway, which interferes with the autophagosome–lysosome fusion, resulting in accumulation of the cellular membranes in autophagosomes. We propose that lack of sufficient plasma membrane supply attenuates efferocytosis of palmitate-exposed macrophages. AMP-activated protein kinase activators lead to mTORC1 inhibition and, consequently, released the palmitate-induced efferocytosis block in macrophages. Thus, they might be useful in the treatment of obesity not only by affecting metabolism thought so far. ROCK1 inhibitors could also be considered.
Volatile Compounds in Actinomycete Communities: A New Tool for Biosynthetic Gene Cluster Activation, Cooperative Growth Promotion, and Drug Discovery
Authors: Cuervo Lorena , Méndez Carmen , Salas José A. , Olano Carlos , Malmierca Mónica G.
Published: November 2022

The increasing appearance of multiresistant pathogens, as well as emerging diseases, has highlighted the need for new strategies to discover natural compounds that can be used as therapeutic alternatives, especially in the genus Streptomyces, which is one of the largest producers of bioactive metabolites. In recent years, the study of volatile compounds (VOCs) has raised interest because of the variety of their biological properties in addition to their involvement in cell communication. In this work, we analyze the implications of VOCs as mediating molecules capable of inducing the activation of biosynthetic pathways of bioactive compounds in surrounding Actinomycetes. For this purpose, several strains of Streptomyces were co-cultured in chamber devices that allowed VOC exchange while avoiding physical contact. In several of those strains, secondary metabolism was activated by VOCs emitted by companion strains, resulting in increased antibiotic production and synthesis of new VOCs. This study shows a novel strategy to exploit the metabolic potential of Actinomycetes as well as emphasizes the importance of studying the interactions between different microorganisms sharing the same ecological niche.
The Atypical Antipsychotic Lurasidone Affects Brain but Not Liver Cytochrome P450 2D (CYP2D) Activity. A Comparison with Other Novel Neuroleptics and Significance for Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia
Authors: Danek Przemysław J. , Daniel Władysława A.
Published: November 2022

The aim of this work was to study the effect of prolonged lurasidone administration on the cytochrome 2D (CYP2D) expression and activity in the rat liver and selected brain structures involved in the therapeutic or side effects of this neuroleptic. Male Wistar rats received lurasidone (1 mg/kg ip.) for two weeks. The activity of CYP2D was measured in brain and liver microsomes as the rate of bufuralol 1′-hydroxylation. The CYP2D protein level was determined in microsomes by Western blot analysis. The CYP2D gene expression was estimated in liver tissue by a qRT-PCR method. Lurasidone decreased the activity and protein level of CYP2D in the frontal cortex but increased them in the striatum, nucleus accumbens, brain stem, substantia nigra, and the remainder of the brain. The neuroleptic did not affect CYP2D in the hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cerebellum. In the liver, lurasidone did not affect the CYP2D activity and protein level, though it enhanced the mRNA of CYP2D1 without affecting that of CYP2D2, CYP2D3, CYP2D4, and CYP2D5. In conclusion, lurasidone regulates brain (but not liver) CYP2D activity/protein level in a region-dependent manner, which is similar to that of other atypical neuroleptics (iloperidone and asenapine) as concerns the frontal cortex (down-regulation) and nigrostriatal pathway (up-regulation) and may be of pharmacological significance. However, further molecular studies with selective receptor agonists are necessary to find out which individual monoaminergic receptors/signaling pathways are involved in the regulation of the rat CYP2D4 and human CYP2D6 enzyme in particular brain structures.
Sustainable Basalt Fibers vs. Traditional Glass Fibers: Comparative Study on Thermal Properties and Flow Behavior of Polyamide 66-Based Composites
Authors: Patti Antonella , Acierno Stefano , Nele Luigi , Graziosi Lucia , Acierno Domenico
Published: November 2022

In this work, basalt fibers (BF) have been investigated as possible natural and sustainable replacements for the common synthetic mineral filler—glass fibers (GF)—used in polyamide 66 matrix (PA66). Composites have been prepared at two different fiber concentrations (15 and 25 wt.%, respectively) by melt blending. The developed systems have been mainly characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), capillary rheology, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The kinetic parameters to thermal degradation through the Coats–Redfern method allowed us to attest a negligible effect of fiber type on thermal stability of the developed systems. Composites incorporating 15 wt.% of fiber content possessed the highest activation energy (≥230 kJ/mol). The introduction of BF and GF in PA 66 polymer, regardless of content, always led to an increase in crystallization and melting temperatures, and to a similar reduction in crystallinity degree and glass transition temperature. The shear viscosity of the basic polymer increased by the addition of fillers, particularly at low shear rate, with a pronounced effect in the case of basal fibers. A slightly higher shear thinning behavior of BF/PA66 with respect to GF/PA66 composites was confirmed by fitting the flow curves through the power law model. Finally, a worsening in fiber dispersion, by increasing the content in the matrix, and a weak compatibility between the two phases constituting the materials were highlighted through SEM micrographs.
Complementarity and Preorganisation in the Assembly of Heterometallic–Organic Cages via the Metalloligand Approach—Recent Advances
Authors: Li Feng , Lindoy Leonard F.
Published: November 2022

The design of new metallocage polyhedra towards pre-determined structures can offer both practical as well as intellectual challenges. In this mini-review we discuss a selection of recent examples in which the use of the metalloligand approach has been employed to overcome such challenges. An attractive feature of this approach is its stepwise nature that lends itself to the design and rational synthesis of heterometallic metal–organic cages, with the latter often associated with enhanced functionality.
The Use and Complications of Halo Gravity Traction in Children with Scoliosis
Authors: Popescu Mihai B. , Ulici Alexandru , Carp Madalina , Haram Oana , Ionescu Nicolae S.
Published: November 2022

Scoliosis is one of the most frequent spine deformities encountered in children and is regularly discovered after 15 years of age with a girls to boys ratio of 2:1. Vertebral arthrodesis involves both short and long term complications. Neurological complications consist of nerve root injuries, cauda equina or spinal cord deficit. Traction is a good orthopaedic technique of progressive deformity correction which attempts to minimize complications. The purpose of this study is to assess the complications that arise during halo gravity traction and to evaluate the correction of the scoliotic curves under traction. A single centre prospective study was conducted on 19 paediatric patients suffering from scoliosis that were admitted between 2019–2022. Traction-related complications were encountered in 94.7% of patients, with the most frequent being cervical pain (89.5%). It was followed by back pain, in 36.8% of the cases, with just 5.3% of the cases having experienced vertigo or pin displacement. Neurological symptoms were present in 26.3% of the patients and pin pain and pin infection equally affected 26.3% of patients. Even though minor halo related complications are frequent, with proper patient monitoring they can be addressed, thus making traction a safe method for progressive curve correction.
The Effects of a Physical Activity Online Intervention Program on Resilience, Perceived Social Support, Psychological Distress and Concerns among At-Risk Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Glaser Michal , Green Gizell , Zigdon Avi , Barak Sharon , Joseph Gili , Marques Adilson , Ng Kwok , Erez-Shidlov Itamar , Ofri Lani , Tesler Riki
Published: November 2022

Background: COVID-19 restrictions have led to social isolation affecting youth’s health, particularly at-risk youth. Objectives: We examined whether an online mentoring health intervention (OMHI) would strengthen characteristics that can prevent risky behaviors: resilience, perceived social support, psychological distress, and crisis concerns. Methods: Fifty-six secondary-school students participated, 27 in the intervention group and 29 in the control group (mean age 16.18, SD 0.83 vs. 16.62, SD 0.82, respectively). The study took place between March and August 2020. Results: The intervention group was less resilient pre-test, with similar resilience levels as the control group post-test. Intervention group participants presented a significantly higher crisis level pre- and post-test than the control group, as well as an increase in resilience (effect size = 1.88) and social support (effect size = 1.22), while psychological distress significantly decreased (effect size = −1.03). Both groups (intervention vs. control) predicted changes from pre-to-post test for resilience and crisis (adjusted R2 = 0.33, p = 0.001 and R2 = 0.49, p = 0.0001 respectively). Conclusions: OMHI participation was associated with improved resilience and social support, and decreased psychological distress, making it an effective strategy in health promotion for at-risk youth. An online intervention program combining mentoring in physical activity and interpersonal connections may constitute an effective health promotion strategy for at-risk youth, especially in times of crisis.
Influence of Oil Palm Nano Filler on Interlaminar Shear and Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Flax/Epoxy-Based Hybrid Nanocomposites under Cryogenic Condition
Authors: Lakshmaiya Natrayan , Kaliappan Seeniappan , Patil Pravin P. , Ganesan Velmurugan , Dhanraj Joshuva Arockia , Sirisamphanwong Chattariya , Wongwuttanasatian Tanakorn , Chowdhury Shahariar , Channumsin Sittiporn , Channumsin Manun , Techato Kuaanan
Published: November 2022

Natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites are gaining in popularity due to recyclability and availability. This research investigates how oil palm shell (OPS) filler materials impact the interlaminar shear and the dynamic properties of flax fiber-reinforced hybrid composites under cryogenic circumstances. Filler materials in two different proportions (0, 2, 4, and 6 wt.% OPS) and 40 wt.% flax fibers were used to make composites. The OPS filler-filled polymeric materials were invented through typical hand lay-up. The hybrid materials were imperiled to liquid nitrogen for varying amounts of time after production (15 and 30 min). According to the findings, OPS nanoparticles can be used as natural rather than artificial fillers. Furthermore, loading 4 wt.% OPS nanoparticles into organic fabric-strengthened epoxy polymeric materials during 15 min of cryogenic settings resulted in the best interlaminar shear and dynamic performances. The storage and loss modulus of the flax/epoxy composites were improved by adding a 4% OPS nanofiller. The improvement can be ascribed to the hardness and stiffness of the additional OPS nanofillers. The 4% nano-OPS/flax/epoxy hybrid nanocomposite’s damping factor was substantially reduced compared to the flax/epoxy composites. The OPS nanofiller limits the epoxy molecular chain’s free segmental mobility, resulting in a lower damping factor and enhancing the adherence among flax fibers and the epoxy resin. The shattered specimen of the hybrid materials was investigated using a scanning electron microscope.
Preparation of ZrO2/TiO2/Al2O3 Nanofiltration Lab-Scale Membrane for Filtering Heavy Metal Ions
Authors: Yang Jie , Sun Jinquan , Bao Huanzhong , Li Song , Zhang Lianbao , Bao Xinyue , Li Fujie , He Qingkun , Wei Na , Xie Kun , Li Wensheng
Published: November 2022

ZrO2 is an excellent ceramic preparation material that can maintain chemical stability in medium–strong acid and alkali environments. The sintering impregnation method was used to prepare the ZrO2/TiO2/Al2O3 composite nanofiltration membrane (ZTA membrane). Nano-ZrO2, submicron TiO2, and microporous Al2O3 were used as the surface layer, the transition layer, and the support layer, respectively. The structure and phase of the membrane were measured by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffractometer (XRD). The composite membrane’s retention, hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties were characterized and evaluated using a UV–Vis spectrophotometer, a water contact angle tester (WCA), and a dead-end filtration device. With the increase in separation layer deposition time, the retention rate of methyl blue increased, and the water flux decreased. At a deposition time of 75 min, the retention rate of methyl blue was more than 80%, and the water flux reached 337.5 L·m−2 h−1 bar−1 at −1 bar transmembrane pressure. The membranes are hydrophilic and have different interception abilities for metal ions, and the order of retention effect is Ag+ > Cu2+ > Mg2+ > Na+, and Ag+ and Cu2+ reached 65.3% and 50.5%, respectively. The prepared ZTA composite nanofiltration membrane has potential application value in heavy metal ion filtration.
Ultraviolet-Sensitive Photoluminescent Spray-Coated Textile
Authors: Abdelrahman Meram S. , Elhadad Shimaa S. M. , El-Naggar Mehrez E. , Gaffer Hatem E. , Khattab Tawfik A.
Published: November 2022

The target of the presented research work was the development of new smart textiles with photoluminescence properties which maintain light emission for a prolonged time period, even when the illumination source is turned off. Phosphorescence has been frequently used to improve the reliability of various safety products. Thus, simple and photoluminescent and superhydrophobic smart cotton fibers were fabricated. Rare-earth-doped aluminate (REA) nanoparticles (NPs) were immobilized into room-temperature vulcanizing silicone rubber (RTV) and spray-coated onto cotton fibers. The coated fabrics were excited at 365 nm, while the emission peak was detected at 518 nm. Various concentrations of REA nanoparticles in the REANPs@RTV composite formula were used to create a homogeneous phosphorescent coating on the surface of the cellulosic fabrics. CIE (Commission Internationale de L’éclairage) lab values and emission spectra confirmed that the fabric had a white color under visible light, green color under UV rays, and greenish-yellow color in darkness. The lifetime of phosphorescence and decay time were examined. The findings also displayed an improvement in the superhydrophobic activity of the treated cellulosic fabrics as the phosphor content was increased in the REANPs@RTV composite formula. Additionally, the stiffness and air permeability of the treated cellulosic fabrics were determined in terms of comfort characteristics.
Antibacterial Effect of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles and Traditional Techniques on Aged Heritage Textile, Investigated by Dark-Field Microscopy
Authors: Ilieș Alexandru , Hodor Nicolaie , Pantea Emilia , Ilieș Dorina Camelia , Indrie Liliana , Zdrîncă Mihaela , Iancu Stefania , Caciora Tudor , Chiriac Alexandra , Ghergheles Carmen , Taghiyari Hamid R. , Costea Monica , Baias Ștefan
Published: November 2022

An improper indoor microclimate has adverse effects on the state of preservation of historical textiles arranged in them, favoring the development of bacteriological microflora. The current study aims to combine traditional and innovative methods for cleaning and preserving a 100-year-old traditional blouse from Bihor, Romania. The material of the blouse was impregnated with 30 and 70 ppm silver nanosuspensions and washed with a substance obtained from boiling natural wood ash (lye). The research goals were to determine the antimicrobial action of lye washing and silver nanoparticles applied to the analyzed textile material and identify the way in which the environmental factors (light) act upon the conservation degree of textile objects impregnated with silver nanoparticles. All these procedures are eco-friendly and do not cause any damage to the constituent material of the fabrics. The use of the hyperspectral imaging technique proved the permeation of both 30 and 70 ppm silver nanosuspensions into the textile, producing changes in the textile’s reflectance spectrum after being treated with them. The results showed anti-bactericidal/fungal properties of both silver nanoparticles and lye. Microbiological analyses revealed that bacterial colonies were reduced to more than 95% in both cases. The antibacterial effect of silver nanoparticles on the textile material of the blouse was maintained throughout the duration of the study, and under normal environmental conditions, the effects would remain active for a long period.
Detection of Shoplifting on Video Using a Hybrid Network
Authors: Kirichenko Lyudmyla , Radivilova Tamara , Sydorenko Bohdan , Yakovlev Sergiy
Published: November 2022

Shoplifting is a major problem for shop owners and many other parties, including the police. Video surveillance generates huge amounts of information that staff cannot process in real time. In this article, the problem of detecting shoplifting in video records was solved using a classifier, which was a hybrid neural network. The hybrid neural network included convolutional and recurrent ones. The convolutional network was used to extract features from the video frames. The recurrent network processed the time sequence of the video frames features and classified the video fragments. In this work, gated recurrent units were selected as the recurrent network. The well-known UCF-Crime dataset was used to form the training and test datasets. The classification results showed a high accuracy of 93%, which was higher than the accuracy of the classifiers considered in the review. Further research will focus on the practical implementation of the proposed hybrid neural network.
Elastic Moduli and Mechanical Properties of Mo5SiB2 Single Crystals in the Mo-Si-B System
Authors: Pan Kunming , Zhang Chengyang , Dong Gaogao , Wang Rui , Yu Hua , Wang Changji , Ren Yongpeng
Published: November 2022

With outstanding high-temperature properties, the intermetallic Mo5SiB2 alloy is regarded as an extremely competitive ultra-temperature structural material. The maximum Young’s modulus of 398.0 GPa for single Mo5SiB2 crystals was found to be at the vertex of the [010] direction, while the minimum value of 264.0 GPa was found in the [001] direction. For hardness, the maximum value was 451.7 HV after compression at 1200 °C in the radial direction, while the maximum hardness was 437.2 HV at 1300 °C in the axial direction of {111}<110>, showing obvious anisotropy. Under compression, the flow stresses rapidly increased and then decreased with the increase in strain, corresponding to the two different stages of work hardening and softening. An EBSD test showed that the grain orientation remained the same at different rates, but the texture was different. After high-temperature compression, the crystal underwent plastic deformation, dislocations slipped along the slip plane, and the grain rotated, so the grain texture changed from {111}<110> to {001}<110>.
Recovery of Scandium, Aluminum, Titanium, and Silicon from Iron-Depleted Bauxite Residue into Valuable Products: A Case Study
Authors: Grudinsky Pavel , Pasechnik Liliya , Yurtaeva Anfisa , Dyubanov Valery , Zinoveev Dmitry
Published: November 2022

Bauxite residue is a high-iron waste of the alumina industry with significant contents of scandium, aluminum, and titanium. This study focuses on the recovery of Sc, Al, Ti, and Si from iron-depleted bauxite residue (IDBR) into valuable products. Iron depletion was carried out using reduction roasting followed by low-intensity magnetic separation to enrich bauxite residue in Al, Ti, and Sc and reduce an adverse effect of iron on scandium extraction. Hydrochloric high-pressure acid leaching, aluminum precipitation by saturation of the acid leachate, solvent extraction of scandium using di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (HDEHP) and tributyl phosphate (TBP), alkaline leaching of the acid residue with subsequent silica precipitation were used to obtain appropriate selective concentrates. As a result, scandium concentrate of 94% Sc2O3, crude alumina of 93% Al2O3, titanium concentrate of 41.5% TiO2, and white carbon of 77% SiO2 were prepared and characterized. Based on the characterization of the treatment stages and the obtained valuable products, the prospect for the application of the suggested flowsheet was discussed.
The Structural, Electronic, Magnetic and Elastic Properties of Full-Heusler Co2CrAl and Cr2MnSb: An Ab Initio Study
Authors: Yahya Sara J. , Abu-Jafar Mohammed S. , Al Azar Said , Mousa Ahmad A. , Khenata Rabah , Abu-Baker Doha , Farout Mahmoud
Published: November 2022

In this paper, the full-potential, linearized augmented plane wave (FP-LAPW) method was employed in investigating full-Heusler Co2CrA1’s structural, elastic, magnetic and electronic properties. The FP-LAPW method was employed in computing the structural parameters (bulk modulus, lattice parameters, c/a and first pressure derivatives). The optimized structural parameters were determined by generalized gradient approximation (GGA) for the exchange-correlation potential, Vxc. Estimating the energy gaps for these compounds was accomplished through modified Becke–Johnson potential (mBJ). It was found that the conventional Heusler compound Co2CrA1 with mBJ and CGA approaches had a half-metallic character, and its spin-down configuration had an energy gap. It was also found that the conventional and inverse Heusler Cr2MnSb and tetragonal (139) (Co2CrA1, Cr2MnSb) compounds with a half-metallic character had direct energy gaps in the spin-down configuration. To a certain degree, the total magnetic moments for the two compounds were compatible with the theoretical and experimental results already attained. Mechanically, we found that the conventional and inverse full-Heusler compound Co2CrAl was stable, but the inverse Cr2MnSb was unstable in the ferromagnetic state. The conventional Heusler compound Cr2MnSb was mechanically stable in the ferromagnetic state.
A Phylogenetic Re-Evaluation of the Stenakrine Opecoelids (Trematoda, Digenea: Opecoeloidea) with Some Taxonomic Novelties
Authors: Sokolov Sergey G. , Shchenkov Sergei V. , Frolov Eugeniy V. , Gordeev Ilya I.
Published: November 2022

The Opecoeloidea is a large group of xiphidiate digeneans parasitizing marine and freshwater fishes. According to the current taxonomic model, this superfamily contains only one family with numerous subfamilies. This study is devoted to the members of the Stenakrinae. Based on phylogenetic analysis of concatenated sequences of 18S and 28S rRNA genes of stenakrine opecoelids Caudotestis dobrovolski, C. cf. dobrovolski, Hexagrammia zhukovi, Stenakron vetustum, as well as the deep-sea xiphidiate digenean Zdzitowieckitrema incognitum, which so far has had an ambiguous phylogenetic status, we erect a new opecoeloid family, the Zdzitowieckitrematidae fam. nov. The genera Holsworthotrema and Scorpidotrema are removed from the Stenakrinae to the Scorpidotrematinae subfam. nov. within the Opecoelidae. We also remove the Stenakrinae from the Opecoelidae and recognize it as a separate family within the Opecoeloidea. The Stenakridae stat. nov. is a sister taxon to a well-supported Opecoelidae. The Zdzitowieckitrematidae occupies a sister position relative to the stenakrids and the opecoelids taken together. All three families are clearly phylogenetically distinct, however convincing morphological differences are revealed only between the Zdzitowieckitrematidae and the Stenakridae and between the Opecoelidae and the Stenakridae.
Research Status and Trends of Agrobiodiversity and Traditional Knowledge Based on Bibliometric Analysis (1992–Mid-2022)
Authors: Liu Yiling , Ren Xiaodong , Lu Fengqiong
Published: November 2022

Traditional knowledge is a favored research area in agrobiodiversity conservation at home and abroad, and plays a vital role in the sustainable use of ecosystems, livelihood support, and food security. In this paper, the WoS Core Collection was used as the data source to statistically analyze the literature on the topic of agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge research. The results show the following: (1) The number of articles published in agrobiodiversity and traditional knowledge research has been increasing annually. (2) The United States is the most influential country in this field of research, and other leading countries include India, Mexico, Germany, and Italy. (3) The existing research is mainly in the field of natural science, and the Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine is the most crucial journal in terms of the number of articles published. (4) Neither authors nor institutional collaboration networks have formed a close transnational collaboration network. (5) Popular research in this area includes the conservation of local varieties, agricultural landscape changes, livelihood support, and agroforestry systems. (6) In addition to the ongoing focus on natural ecological aspects of research, future research will focus more on cultural and social benefits. Finally, we propose to enhance the exploration of quantitative analysis research methods, strengthen interdisciplinary research exchanges, expand the breadth of disciplinary research, strengthen stakeholder cooperation, and promote the construction of relevant policies and regulations.