bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TLR2 polymorphism (rs650082970) is associated with somatic cell count in goat milk
Authors: Ogorevc Jernej , Simčič Mojca , Zorc Minja , Škrjanc Monika , Dovč Peter
Published: July 2019

Pathogens invading the mammary gland are recognized through a range of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), residing on the plasma membrane of mammary epithelial cells. Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) signalling is responsible for recognition of Gram-positive bacteria, which are the most common mastitis-causing pathogens in goats. Somatic cell counts (SCC) in milk are routinely determined in goat dairy flocks and serve as an indicator of milk quality, which is highly correlated to intramammary infections. Recently, a single nucleotide polymorphism of the TLR2 was suggested to be associated with SCC in goat milk. To further test the suggested association, we genotyped 61 Slovenian Alpine goats included in the dataset. The effect of the genotype was analysed using the general linear model (GLM) procedure of SAS/STAT software. We found the TLR2 genotypes significantly (p = 0.0007) associated with milk SCC. Animals with the A/G genotype had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower SCC value in milk compared to the G/G genotype. Our data suggest that the A allele is the minor one and is associated with lower milk SCC. In the current study, we provide a validated PCR-RFLP based genotyping assay for the TLR2 SNP (rs650082970) and confirm its association with milk SCC. Further studies to confirm the association on a larger number of animals of different breeds and to explain functional consequences of the polymorphism in relation to SCC are encouraged.
PCR Detection of Mixed and Zoonoses Malaria Using Plasmodium spp Dynein Light Chain (dlc-tctex) Gene
Authors: Kariuki Maureen W. , Githui Elijah K. , McArthur Andrew G. , Aman Rashid A. , Njagi Nyamu M. , Mwangemi Agatha C. , Kamau Lucy W.
Published: July 2019

Novel gene targets are needed in accurate diagnosis of malaria. Previous studies show that the dynein light chains (dlc) in Plasmodium are uniquely conserved within the species, possibly due to their role as the cargo adptor moiety. This study aimed at the development of PCR assay for the detection of Plasmodium based on the (dlc-Tctex) as a genus and species-specific tool in malaria diagnosis. Multiple primers were designed based on Plasmodium spp dlc(Tctex) genes. The primers were applied on PCR to detect malaria on clinical samples and on laboratory maintained isolates of P. falciparum and P. vivax for human infecting species and P. knowlesi and P. cynomolgi for zoonoses infection involving primates. The amplified PCR fragments were gene cleaned and sequenced. BLASTn e-values output from the raw nucleotide queries supports that the genes are uniquely conserved.  Species-specific primers amplified P.  falciparum infections with no cross-reactivity to P. vivax, P. knowlesi or P. cynomolgi species. In this assay only 11 out of the 30 microscope positive malaria positive clinical blood samples were positive for PCR detection of P. falciparum infection. Primers designed for Plasmodium genus amplified the target band in all clinical malaria samples but also had another specific band amplification. This preliminary data demonstrate that a species-specific dlc(Tctex) PCR assay can be used for detection of P. falciparum and optimized genus primers can be applied to differentiate mixed malaria infections.
Prevalence of PCOS with Associated Symptoms and Complications at Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi
Authors: Zafar Urooj , Memon Zahida , Moin Kausar , Agha Shanza , Hassan Jahan Ara , Zehra Dabeeran
Published: July 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of PCOS among different gynecological disorders at tertiary care hospital of Karachi and to assess the most frequent presenting complaint with associated complications among them.

Study Design: Single-centered cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Gynecological clinic of Karachi at a Tertiary care Hospital during 3rd December 2018 to 29th March 2019.

Methodology: Total 335 premenopausal women approached the clinic with different gynecological disorders during the period of four months and 305 patients agreed to participate. The patients were enrolled via convenient sampling technique. After taking the informed consent they were evaluated through clinical interviews, questionnaire, and anthropometric measurements. The diagnosis of PCOS was made by using Rotterdam criteria 2003. Menstrual irregularities were assessed via history. Clinical hyperandrogenism was evaluated by using modified Ferriman–Gallwey scale and Acne Global Grading System. Obesity was calculated through BMI. The Hamilton scale was used to appraise associated psychological disturbances.

Results: PCOS was the most prevalent gynecological disorder (55.41%) among women of the premenopausal age. Overall, the most frequent presenting complaint was infertility but age related variations in symptoms showed that young adolescent and adulthood had more menstruation irregularities while, in late adolescent the chief complaint was infertility. Moreover, these patients were either overweight 32% or obese 46.2%. Other associated problems such as anxiety and migraine were more frequent in young adults and juveniles respectively.

Conclusion: PCOS is the most common gynecological problem in our region. These women usually presents with altered complains that influence their physiological and psychological health which in turn effects the quality of life.
Efficacy of a thermoplastic mask and pneumatic abdominal compression device for immobilization in stereotactic ablative radiotherapy of spine metastases
Authors: Walter Yohan A. , Speir Daniel B. , Burrell William E. , Wang Chiachien J. , Wu Hsinshun T.
Published: December 2024

Stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) has become a key technique in management of spine metastases. With improved control over treatment plan dosimetry, there is a greater need for accurate patient positioning to guarantee agreement between the treatment plan and delivered dose. With serious potential complications such as fracture and myelopathy, the margins of error in SABR of the spine are minimal. In this study, we assessed the performance of two patient immobilization setups in SABR for spinal metastases. First, a Type‐S head and shoulders mask (CQ Medical, Avondale, PA), and second, the BPL1 setup, which includes a wing board, vacuum bag, and the Respiratory Belt for the Body Pro‐Lok ONE (CQ Medical, Avondale, PA). Immobilization was assessed using image‐guided intrafraction repositioning shifts. Required planning target volume (PTV) margins were calculated based on repositioning data for 172 treated fractions using 2 standard deviation (2SD) and analytic approaches. Overall, 91.7% and 74.1% of fractions treated had total 3D repositioning shifts ≤3.0  mm using the Type‐S and BPL1 setups, respectively. In the thoracic spine, 43.2% and 46.5% of fractions had shifts ≤1.5  mm for the respective setups. Suggested margins were under 3.5  mm in all directions and use cases. In the posterior‐anterior direction, the BPL1 setup had a 0.6  mm smaller suggested margin for the thoracic spine compared to the Type‐S setup, at 1.4  mm, calculated using the analytic approach. Both the Type‐S and BPL1 setups are effective for immobilization in spine SABR. The Type‐S demonstrated superior immobilization in the upper spine and remains the clinical standard for cervical and upper thoracic spine positioning. The BPL1 setup showed effective immobilization in use cases treating the mid‐to lower thoracic spine and lumbar spine and remains our clinical standard for those use cases. Results additionally demonstrate feasibility of potential PTV margin reduction.
LightAWNet: Lightweight adaptive weighting network based on dynamic convolutions for medical image segmentation
Authors: Wang Xiaoyan , Yu Jianhao , Zhang Bangze , Huang Xiaojie , Shen Xiaoting , Xia Ming
Published: December 2024

Purpose

The complexity of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can lead to improved segmentation accuracy in medical image analysis but also results in increased network complexity and training challenges, especially under resource limitations. Conversely, lightweight models offer efficiency but often sacrifice accuracy. This paper addresses the challenge of balancing efficiency and accuracy by proposing LightAWNet, a lightweight adaptive weighting neural network for medical image segmentation.

Methods

We designed LightAWNet with an efficient inverted bottleneck encoder block optimized by spatial attention. A two‐branch strategy is employed to separately extract detailed and spatial features for fusion, enhancing the reusability of model feature maps. Additionally, a lightweight optimized up‐sampling operation replaces traditional transposed convolution, and channel attention is utilized in the decoder to produce more accurate outputs efficiently.

Results

Experimental results on the LiTS2017, MM‐WHS, ISIC2018, and Kvasir‐SEG datasets demonstrate that LightAWNet achieves state‐of‐the‐art performance with only 2.83 million parameters. Our model significantly outperforms existing methods in terms of segmentation accuracy, highlighting its effectiveness in maintaining high performance with reduced complexity.

Conclusions

LightAWNet successfully balances efficiency and accuracy in medical image segmentation. The innovative use of spatial attention, dual‐branch feature extraction, and optimized up‐sampling operations contribute to its superior performance. These findings offer valuable insights for the development of resource‐efficient yet highly accurate segmentation models in medical imaging. The code will be made available at https://github.com/zjmiaprojects/lightawnet upon acceptance for publication.
Quality and mechanical efficiency of automated knowledge‐based planning for volumetric‐modulated arc therapy in head and neck cancer
Authors: Thongsawad Sangutid , Chamchod Sasikarn , Chawengsaksopak Kornkanok , Masanga Wilai , Deeharing Aphisara , Bawornpatarapakorn Sarinya , Prachanukul Thitiwan , Tannanonta Chirapha , Udee Nuntawat
Published: December 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of the automated RapidPlan in assessing plan quality and to explore how beam complexity affects the mechanical performance of volumetric modulated arc therapy for head and neck cancers.

Materials and methods

The plans were first generated using automated RapidPlan with scripting application programming interface (API) and then further refined through manual optimization (RP+MP) to improve plan quality. The quality of 20 plans was assessed, taking into account dose statistics and clinical plan acceptability. The impact of beam complexity on mechanical performance was analyzed using parameters such as leaf speed (LS), leaf acceleration (LA), mean‐field area (MFA), cross‐axis score (CAS), closed leaf score (CLS), small aperture score (SAS), and monitor units per control point (MU/CP). Patient‐specific quality assurance (PSQA) was conducted to determine differences between the RP+MP and original plans.

Results

No differences in the heterogeneity index and conformity number were observed between the RP+MP and original plans. The RP+MP plan was superior to the original plan for sparing the left cochlea, left and right internal auditory canals, chiasm, and left optic nerve. Significant differences (p < 0.05) were identified in CAS, SAS1 mm, SAS2 mm, and SAS10mm. However, there was no significant difference in PSQA between the RP+MP and original plans. The RP+MP plan without any modifications was clinically acceptable in 45% of cases.

Conclusion

The automated RP with scripting API followed by MP (RP+MP) yielded a high‐quality plan in terms of dose statistics and clinical acceptability. The RP+MP plan yielded a higher CAS and SAS compared with the original plan. Nevertheless, there was no significant difference in PSQA between the RP+MP and original plans.
Development of Ternary Magnesium Alloys for Laser Powder Bed Fusion: Optimizing Oxide Layer Thickness
Authors: Breitbach Elmar Jonas , Julmi Stefan , Behrens Sabine , Blank Tatiana , Abel Arvid , Emminghaus Nicole , Overmeyer Ludger , Klose Christian , Maier Hans Jürgen
Published: December 2024

Magnesium alloys pose challenges in additive manufacturing, due to the difference between the melting temperature of magnesium oxide (2825 °C) on the powder particles and the boiling point of metallic magnesium (1093 °C). A promising approach to overcoming the difficulties is the reduction of the thickness of the high‐melting oxide layer on the surface of the particles. Magnesium alloys, each containing varying amounts of strontium, neodymium, and yttrium, are cast and subsequently analyzed in terms of their microstructures, mechanical properties, oxide layer thicknesses, and corrosion behavior. Alloying magnesium with strontium results in a reduction of the oxide layer thickness, which reaches a minimum of 0.5 wt% strontium content. The presence of rare earth elements increases the strength of the alloys, although the inclusion of neodymium results in an increase in the oxide layer thicknesses. On the other hand, the oxide layer thickness remains unaffected when alloying with yttrium. However, further increases in strontium content up to the monolithic phase Mg17Sr2 have been found to result in a reduced effect on the open‐circuit potential. Further studies should be conducted to investigate the suitability of strontium as an alloying element to reduce the oxide layer thickness of magnesium particles.
A State‐of‐the‐Art Review of Through‐Silicon Vias : Filling Materials, Filling Processes, Performance, and Integration
Authors: Xia Qianfu , Zhang Xinrui , Ma Binghe , Tao Kai , Zhang Hemin , Yuan Weizheng , Ramakrishna Seeram , Ye Tao
Published: December 2024

Through‐silicon via (TSV) technology realizes high‐density interconnections within and between different dies (chips) by vertically drilling holes in silicon and filling them with various conductive materials. It is an effective way to achieve miniaturization, lightweight, and multi‐functionality in post‐Moore microelectronics. In this review, the process optimization in TSV preparation, various filling techniques, and different filler materials are comprehensively summarized and discussed. It also delves into the characterization and reliability analysis of TSV performance under multi‐physical fields of mechanical, thermal, and electrical. Moreover, the review explores the challenges and solutions for TSVs in regards of integration/packaging and cost aspects. This review can be used to understand the latest research progresses and applications of TSVs, and provide reference and guidance for future research and applications for advanced TSV technology.
Wear Behavior of Ceramic Tools in Longitudinal‐Torsional Ultrasonic Vibration‐Assisted Milling
Authors: Gu Shaofan , Niu Ying , Wei Pan , Niu Jingjing , Li Tian , Jiao Feng
Published: December 2024

Austenitic heat‐resistant cast steel is widely used in the manufacture of automotive exhaust manifolds and other occasions for its superior performance. Longitudinal‐torsional ultrasonic vibration‐assisted milling (LTUM) technology can effectively slow down tool wear and improve surface quality. In presented work, a longitudinal‐torsion ultrasonic milling method of heat‐resistant cast steel ceramic milling cutter is proposed, and the effects of the cutting performance and tool wear mechanisms of ordinary milling (OM) and ultrasonic longitudinal‐torsional milling of austenitic heat‐resistant cast steel with ceramic tools are investigated. The relationship between the milling force and the process parameters used are investigated, and the cutting surface quality and wear characteristics of ceramic tools are studied. The results show that compared to OM, LTUM has a lower cutting force, with an average milling force reduction of 34.65%; the surface quality of LTUM‐machined workpieces is higher, with a reduction in surface roughness of 68.98%. Ceramic tools in LTUM machining conditions than OM tool life increased by 140%. The main forms of wear of ceramic tools are spalling wear, abrasive wear, and adhesive wear.
Healing Through the Skies: Coping With Grief Through a Therapeutic Group Activity for Children in Palestine
Authors: Jabr Samah , Hinnawi Zaynab , Berger Elizabeth
Published: December 2024

The authors propose an innovative group‐based therapeutic activity for traumatized children in Palestine, a one‐day program creating and flying kites under the leadership of a two‐person team. The authors discuss the importance of flying within the religious and cultural background of Palestine as well as the prevalence of kite imagery in children's books, songs, and artisanship. Clinical cases reflecting the theme of flying are also described. The authors argue that the format of the proposed therapeutic activity is particularly appropriate to Palestine because of the large numbers of children with traumatic experiences and because of the central role of collective engagement as the bedrock of psychological resilience in Palestine. The activity of making and flying kites is especially suited to the process of working through losses, because of the kite's symbolic implications of freedom, joy, and personal agency; the child's own kite, and special messages the child may write on the kite, can express enduring psychic connection with beloved people and things who have been lost. The specifics of the therapeutic project are outlined in detail, including the capacity to recognize and to refer for specialized mental health services those children who may require it.
The Forced‐To‐Penetrate Myth Acceptance Scale (FTP‐MAS): A New Attitudinal Tool for Assessing Myths That Surround Female Perpetrated Sexual Violence Against Men
Authors: Weare Siobhan , Willmott Dominic
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new measurement tool designed to capture endorsement of myths surrounding female perpetrated sexual violence against men, specifically in ‘forced‐to‐penetrate’ cases. Data were collected among a sample of 4152 UK adults aged 18–55+ (52% female). Dimensionality and construct validity of the Forced‐to‐Penetrate Myth Acceptance Scale (FTP‐MAS) was investigated using traditional Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) techniques separately for the complete sample, males only, and females only. CFA results indicated that FTP‐MAS scores are best captured by a three‐factor model (1. Distorted Sex and Gender Roles; 2. Harm Minimisation; 3. Offence Denial) across all samples tested. Excellent composite reliability and differential predictive validity were observed for all three subscales. The validated 22‐item FTP‐MAS constitutes the first measurement tool which allows for the assessment and evaluation of public attitudes towards female perpetrators who force men to penetrate them without consent. As such, this tool enables researchers to better understand the multi‐faceted nature of these myths, assess prevalence in different contexts, and can also be used as an outcome measure in research seeking to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions that aim to debunk endorsement of such myths and stereotypes.
Implementing evidence‐based strategies for men with biochemically recurrent and advanced prostate cancer: Consensus recommendations from the US Prostate Cancer Conference 2024
Authors: Bryce Alan H. , Agarwal Neeraj , Beltran Himisha , Hussain Maha H. , Sartor Oliver , Shore Neal , Antonarakis Emmanuel S. , Armstrong Andrew J. , Calais Jeremie , Carducci Michael A. , Dorff Tanya Barauskas , Efstathiou Jason A. , Gleave Martin , Gomella Leonard G. , Higano Celestia , Hope Thomas A. , Iagaru Andrei , Morgans Alicia K. , Morris David S. , Morris Michael J. , Petrylak Daniel P. , Reiter Robert E. , Rettig Matthew B. , Ryan Charles J. , Sellinger Scott B. , Spratt Daniel E. , Srinivas Sandy , Tagawa Scott T. , Taplin Mary‐Ellen , Yu Evan Y. , Zhang Tian , McKay Rana R. , Koo Phillip J. , Crawford E. David
Published: December 2024

Current US clinical practice guidelines for advanced prostate cancer management contain recommendations based on high‐level evidence from randomized controlled trials; however, these guidelines do not address the nuanced clinical questions that are unanswered by prospective trials but nonetheless encountered in day‐to‐day practice. To address these practical questions, the 2024 US Prostate Cancer Conference (USPCC 2024) was created to generate US‐focused expert clinical decision‐making guidance for circumstances in which level 1 evidence is lacking. At the second annual USPCC meeting (USPCC 2024), a multidisciplinary panel of experts convened to discuss ongoing clinical challenges related to 5 topic areas: biochemical recurrence; metastatic, castration‐sensitive prostate cancer; poly [ADP‐ribose] polymerase inhibitors; prostate‐specific membrane antigen radioligand therapy; and metastatic, castration‐resistant prostate cancer. Through a modified Delphi process, 34 consensus recommendations were developed and are intended to provide clinicians who manage prostate cancer with guidance related to the implementation of novel treatments and technologies. In this report, the authors review the areas of consensus identified by the USPCC 2024 experts and evaluate ongoing unmet needs regarding translational application of the current clinical evidence.
Comparing talent development environments of girls and boys in handball and ice hockey in Norway
Authors: Mehus Ingar , Martindale Russell J. J. , Andronikos Georgios , Aspvik Nils Petter , Bergström Max , Sæther Stig Arve
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is little research on successful talent development environments (TDEs) focusing on women and girls. In response, the main aim of the present study was to compare TDEs of age‐specific national teams for girls and boys in the Norwegian context (N = 216: 92 girls and 124 boys). Gender differences were investigated in the two different sports of handball and ice hockey, which in the Norwegian context represent more and less successful sports (handball and ice hockey, respectively). Before investigating gender differences in the two sports, a necessary first step was to investigate the psychometric properties of Norwegian version of the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ‐5). Results support the Norwegian TDEQ‐5 to be a reliable and valid measure within the Norwegian context. The successful sport of Norwegian handball showed no significant gender differences regarding TDE. The less successful and male dominated sport of Norwegian ice hockey showed girls to score lower on several TDEQ factors compared to boys. Results also showed ice hockey having lower TDEQ scores compared to handball. We argue that handball provide similarly functional TDEs for girls and boys, making gender equality a characteristic feature of a TDE that is successful both in terms of mass participation and international achievements.
Trade and Economic Activity: Nonlinear Modeling and Forecasting
Authors: Borin Alessandro , Gazzani Andrea , Mancini Michele
Published: December 2024

Motivated by the increasing role of trade in global economic developments, this paper derives novel econometric methods to forecast global trade by exploiting the relationship between economic activity and trade itself. We empirically document that the relation between trade and economic activity changes along the business cycle—the stronger the cycle, the larger their elasticity. Consistently with theoretical predictions, such cyclicality depends on two key factors: (i) the high pro‐cyclicalilty of the demand for intensively traded items and (ii) the presence of low‐frequency (“trend”) components in trade and GDP series. We show that the latter is key to generate a cyclical income elasticity of trade and that a linear relationship holds once those components are filtered out. These empirical findings are exploited in two original empirical approaches to map GDP forecasts, for which rather accurate and timely projections are available, into world trade forecast. In an out‐of‐sample real‐time forecasting exercise, with both the proposed methods, we obtain predictions that are vividly more accurate than naive linear models and nearly halve the forecast error of the IMF‐WEO.
State‐of‐the‐art in food safety: The potential of CRISPR/Cas‐based lateral flow assay technology in the field of food analysis
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhong Kunli , Nie Lanmengya , Xu Yan , Wang Yiran , Yuan Jingtao , Jiang Shuai , Li Xu , Zhang Zhidong , Li Xiangfei , Jiang Ling
Published: December 2024

Food safety is essential for public health, with key hazards including microbial and chemical contamination and pesticide residues. Therefore, food testing is integral to ensuring food safety. Combining CRISPR/Cas with lateral flow assays (LFAs) leverages CRISPR's robust trans‐acting activity, specific target recognition, and high enzymatic efficiency while retaining LFA's advantages of direct visualization, low cost, and simple operation. This combination enhances food safety detection capabilities. In this paper, we review the CRISPR‐based lateral flow combined detection technology, summarize its basic principles and features, and focus on its integrated applications. The technology is fast, accurate, and cost‐effective in detection, and is thus widely used in various testing fields, especially in food pathogen and viral infection detection. Finally, we highlight the technology's potential to improve various aspects, such as detection strength, and discuss the barriers and pre‐commercialization issues of CRISPR/Cas detection platforms. We also provide solutions to increase the likelihood of its commercialization. Currently, CRISPR lateral flow assays are anticipated for broad detection applications. Researchers are investigating Cas protein properties to enhance assay stability and accuracy, promising enhanced food and bioassay safety in the future.
Effects of Peanut Shell Flavonoids on Composite Film Properties and Cherry Tomato Preservation
Authors: Li Yuying , Jiang Kexin , Mao Qian , Zhao Qi
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of varying concentrations of peanut shell flavonoids (PSFs) on the properties of peanut meal extract‐tilapia skin protein composite films and their impact on cherry tomatoes preservation. Peanut meal alcohol extract (Pe) and tilapia skin protein (Co) were used as base materials, combined with PSFs to prepare composite films with excellent antioxidant properties. The results demonstrated that the optimized composite films exhibited superior mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 9.83 MPa and an elongation at break of 204.04%. Increased flavonoid content enhanced the films' antioxidant capacity, achieving superoxide anion and DPPH radical scavenging rates of 15.08% and 21.37%, respectively. The microstructure, IR spectra, and circular dichroism spectra of the composite films are also significantly different with the change of flavonoid content. In the cherry tomato preservation experiment, the PeCo‐0.5 composite film treatment group maintained a low weight loss rate (11.18%) and malondialdehyde content (13.33 μmol/g) after 15 days, delayed the peak respiration rate, and significantly reduced the peak respiration intensity (3.43 mgCO2∙ mg−1∙gh−1). At the same time, the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the tissue of Cherry Tomatoes was significantly inhibited, and the decrease rate of Vc content was also significantly decreased, which effectively preserving the bright color, smooth appearance, and good aroma of the cherry tomatoes. This study not only provides new insights into the comprehensive utilization of tilapia skin and peanut by‐products but also opens new avenues for the development and application of fruit and vegetable preservation films.
Effects of Moderate Consumption of a Probiotic‐Fermented Sour Beer on the Inflammatory, Immunity, Lipid Profile, and Gut Microbiome of Healthy Men in a Participant‐Blinded, Randomized‐Controlled Within‐Subject Crossover Study
Authors: Ou Sean Jun Leong , Yusri Hafizah , Yang Dimeng , Khoo Chin Meng , Liu Mei Hui
Published: December 2024

Probiotic sour beer (PRO) fermented with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lpc‐37 is a novel beverage option, which may potentially offer health benefits. In this study, the effects of PRO are evaluated on the inflammatory, immunity, lipid profile, and gut microbiome of consumers in a 5‐week, participant‐blinded, randomized‐controlled within‐subject crossover study. Twenty‐one healthy male participants consumed 330 mL of PRO and normal sour beer (CON) daily for 2 weeks each with a 1 week of washout. Stool and blood samples were collected before and after each intervention. Significant increases for Proteobacteria and Bacteroides and a significant decrease in Dialister (p < 0.05) were observed in the CON group, while gut microbiome populations remained relatively stable in the PRO group. A significant increase was also found in HDL‐cholesterol after PRO (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were observed in inflammatory and immunity profiles. Further research is warranted to explore its HDL‐cholesterol increasing potential.
Antioxidant Potential and Characterization of Polyphenol Compounds in Moringa oleifera Pods
Authors: Xie Rongjia , Ponnampalam Eric N. , Ahmadi Farhad , Dunshea Frank R. , Suleria Hafiz A. R.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this investigation was to comparatively assess the antioxidant and polyphenol compounds in fresh moringa pods sourced from two different regions in Australia, namely Queensland (QLD) and Western Australia (WAU). Total polyphenol content varied between 1.64 and 5.97 mg GAE/g in moringa pod samples from QLD, while it ranged from 2.84 to 4.31 mg GAE/g in WAU samples. Total flavonoid content in QLD and WAU samples averaged 4.62 and 4.24 mg QE/g, respectively. Total condensed tannin content in QLD and WAU samples averaged 2.07 and 1.60 mg CE/g, respectively. The QLD samples had higher DPPH (2.87 vs. 2.74 mg AAE/g), ABTS (15.0 vs. 12.9 mg AAE/g), and total antioxidant capacity (2.34 vs. 1.46 mg AAE/g) than WAU samples. LC‐ESI‐QTOF‐MS/MS analysis identified 111 polyphenol compounds in moringa pod samples, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins. Some compounds were prevalent across most samples, such as 3‐sinapoylquinic acid and theaflavin. The study revealed that moringa pods contain a high concentration of polyphenols with strong antioxidant capacity. These findings highlight the substantial influence of regional effects on the polyphenol content and bioactive properties of moringa pods.
Protective Effects of Polysaccharides From Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh Against Alcohol‐Induced LO2 Cell Damage
Authors: Liang Yuxuan , Wang Zhuo , Li Rui , Zhong Saiyi , Liu Xiaofei , Chen Jianping
Published: December 2024

The study aimed to explore the protective impact of polysaccharide derived from Sargassum hemiphyllum (Turner) C. Agardh (SHP) against ethanol‐induced injury in LO2 hepatocytes, along with its potential mechanism of action. A model of alcoholic injury in LO2 cells was established to assess the shielding effect of SHP against liver injury induced by alcohol. Treatment with 800 mmol/L ethanol for 6 h was selected for the construction of the hepatocyte injury model. Compared with those in the alcohol model group, the survival rate of LO2 cells in the SHP treatment group was significantly greater. When the concentration of SHP reached 60 μg/mL, the cell viability increased to 89.17% ± 3.58%. Moreover, SHP treatment significantly reduced the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), increased the levels of intracellular glutathione (GSH), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and catalase (CAT), reduced the level of malondialdehyde (MDA), and prevented the leakage of intrahepatic enzymes (aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT)) to protect LO2 cells from alcohol‐induced injury. Moreover, at a concentration of 60 μg/mL, SHP inhibited the ethanol‐induced reduction in the protein expressions of Nrf2, HO‐2, and GCLC, indicating its potential to modulate the antioxidant system to restore the homeostatic state, consequently shielding the liver from peroxidative damage induced by alcohol. These results propose that SHP exhibits a protective role against oxidative damage in LO2 cells and holds promise as a novel natural hepatoprotective agent for averting liver injury.
Effects of Phenolic Compounds on Biofilm Formation by Table Olive‐Related Microorganisms
Authors: López‐García Elio , Benítez‐Cabello Antonio , Arroyo‐López Francisco Noé
Published: December 2024

The process of biofilm formation during table olive fermentation is crucial to turning this fermented vegetable into a probiotic food. Some phenolic compounds have been described as important quorum‐sensing molecules during biofilm development. The present in vitro study examined the effects of three phenolic compounds widely found in table olive fermentations (Oleuropein 0–3000 ppm, Hydroxytyrosol 0–3000 ppm, and Tyrosol 0–300 ppm) on the development of single biofilm by diverse microorganisms isolated from table olives (Lactiplantibacillus pentosus 13B4, Lp119, and LPG1; Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Lp15 and LAB23; and yeasts Wickerhamomyces anomalus Y12, Candida boidinii Y13, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae Y18). Biofilm formation was quantified in vitro by crystal violet staining in microtiter plates after incubation at 30°C for 96 h. A clear tendency to decrease the biofilm production was observed for the L. plantarum strains when any of the three phenolic compounds were added to the medium, which was statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) for certain concentrations and phenols. In the case of yeasts, no statistical influence on biofilm formation was noticed when the phenolic compounds were dosed to the culture medium. Finally, the effects of the phenolic compounds on the L. pentosus strains were dependent on the strain assayed. Thereby, addition of phenolic compounds on 13B4 or Lp119 strains did not have statistical influence on biofilm production. On the contrary, the probiotic LPG1 strain noticed a statistical increase in biofilm production when a low concentration of tyrosol (50 ppm) was added to the medium. Results obtained in this work could be useful to control the biofilm formation process on olive epidermis during table olive fermentation to include beneficial microorganisms.
Building a More Resilient, Inclusive Public Health Infrastructure: Insights From Chicago's Community‐Based COVID‐19 Corps
Authors: Hebert‐Beirne Jeni , Kim Sage , Forst Linda , Kapadia Guddi , Grant Alexis , Velonis Alisa , Dworkin Mark , Acosta Maggie , Jay Kim , Ghebenei Diana , Thompson Caesar , Stiehl Emily
Published: December 2024

Emergency events such as natural disasters, pandemics, and other health disasters have a predictably disproportionate impact on vulnerable populations and the COVID‐19 pandemic was not an exception. To respond to potentially catastrophic consequences of COVID‐19 and to build an infrastructure for a more inclusive recovery, in June 2020, the Chicago Department of Public Health partnered with a state university school of public health, a community college that prepares students for healthcare occupations, a research institute at a private university, a public health institute affiliated with a hospital system, and a workforce development organisation. The team formed the Chicago COVID‐19 Contact Tracing Corps (ChiTracing). Centring the expertise of grassroots community‐based organisations (CBOs), ChiTracing partnered with 31 CBOs operating in the highest hardship community areas. These CBOs hired and trained over 500 community members, who had a history of unemployment, as neighbourhood‐level public health ambassadors and contact tracers, known as the ChiTracing Corps members. Informed by a shared theory of change, we brought three strategies to this work: investing in a new public health infrastructure by centring trusted CBOs and people with lived experience of systems of oppression as part of the public health system, increasing awareness and knowledge of public health and available resources for the most vulnerable, and fostering relationships and power building among diverse collaborators. In this paper, we highlight lessons learnt and share insights on how future efforts can bring collaborative, inclusive approaches to public health workforce development.
Effect of controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer on St. Augustinegrass during the summer fertilization prohibition period for lawns in Florida
Authors: Wasylik Tracey , Cisar John , Williams Karen , Snyder Raymond , Park Dara , Guertal Elizabeth , Fidanza Michael
Published: December 2024

St. Augustinegrass (Stenotaphrum secundatum [Walter] Kuntze) is the most commonly produced turfgrass sod in Florida and also represents the predominately used species for lawns and landscapes in Florida. The “Florida Friendly Fertilizer Use” law prohibits the use of fertilizers containing nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from June 1 through September 30. Two field studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of a controlled‐release N fertilizer on St. Augustinegrass lawn growth and health during the summer fertilizer prohibition period. Polyon‐coated granular fertilizers with 44.5, 43, 42, or 41%N‐0%P2O5‐0%K2O were applied prior to the prohibition period. Each fertilizer was coated to produce a different controlled N release time. In both studies, replicated test plots were evaluated for visual turfgrass quality, yield (i.e., oven‐dry clipping weight), and leaf N content. All fertilizer treatments provided acceptable St. Augustinegrass quality during the fertilizer prohibition period. Higher yields and higher leaf N content were associated with Polyon 41, which may be attributed to the longer N release characteristics of that fertilizer. Applying a controlled‐release N source prior to the fertilization prohibition period could be beneficial to maintaining St. Augustinegrass during the June 1 through September 30 fertilizer prohibition period.
Arenobufagin Induces Ferroptosis in Glioblastoma Cells via Modulating the MiR‐149‐5p/AEBP1 Axis
Authors: Hu Renzhi , Tang Sisi , Xiang Yanrui , Qin Shuyong
Published: December 2024

Accumulating evidences have proved Arenobufagin (ArBu) exhibited cytotoxic effects to multiple types of cancer. However, in glwioblastoma (GBM), which is easy to develop resistance to classic chemotherapy reagent, the therapeutic effects of ArBu have not been explored. In the current study, we found that GBM cells were sensitive to ArBu treatment and ArBu induced cell death both in a dose‐dependent and a time‐dependent manner. ArBu was observed to promote ROS accumulating and elevate Fe2+/MDA/GSH level, which lead to ferroptosis. Mechanistically, ArBu significantly downregulated AEBP1 expression and decreased the mRNA stability of AEBP1 without affecting its transcription. Then, AEBP1 mRNA was predicted to bind with miR‐149‐5p in GBM cells, which directly target its 3′UTR. At last, we found ArBu could upregulate miR‐149‐5p to suppress AEBP1 expression, and the rescue experiments confirmed miR‐149‐5p/AEBP1 axis regulated ferroptosis, which underlay the therapeutic effects of ArBu in GBM cells. This study revealed that ArBu induced ferroptosis in a dose‐dependent manner via modulating miR‐149‐5p/AEBP1 axis. It provides evidences for clinical application of ArBu for GBM.
The Impact of Offence Type and Gender‐Role Attitudes on Sentencing Decisions for Male and Female Offenders
Authors: Trist Nina Sophie , Tzani‐Pepelasi Calli , Ioannou Maria , Williams Thomas James Vaughan , Mojtahedi Dara , Fumagalli Anita
Published: December 2024

Research on sentencing decisions has found female offenders are often sentenced more leniently than male offenders. However, mixed findings have prompted researchers to argue that other factors, such as the offence type and gender‐role attitudes of the decision‐maker, may also play a role. This study is a loose replication of previous research conducted with a Turkish sample, to establish whether gender and gender‐role attitudes can predict sentencing decisions in a UK sample, and if there is an interaction effect of these variables, for three different crimes. Participants included 143 University students and members of the public between the ages of 18–64, who were randomly assigned to either the male or female offender condition. Three vignettes were presented, and participants rated their level of agreement that the offender should be incarcerated and recommended a sentence length. Gender‐role attitudes were also measured using the Sex‐Roles Egalitarianism Scale and on average the sample had strong egalitarian attitudes. Neither gender nor gender‐role attitudes were found to be significant predictors of sentencing decisions, and there was no significant interaction effect. Findings were not consistent with those in the original study which is likely due to the UK endorsing greater gender equality and having more egalitarian attitudes. Limitations associated with the sample and use of vignettes highlight the importance of continued research into gender‐based sentencing, and there are important implications for judicial training to help reduce the influence of personal biases in the courtroom.
Malnutrition and risks of atrial fibrillation recurrence after catheter ablation
Authors: Wattanachayakul Phuuwadith , Srikulmontri Thitiphan , Prasitsumrit Vitchapong , Suenghataiphorn Thanathip , Danpanichkul Pojsakorn , Kewcharoen Jakrin , Charoenngam Nipith , Mainigi Sumeet
Published: December 2024

Background

Recent data showed an association between malnutrition and increased all‐cause mortality and thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, the impact of malnutrition on the clinical outcomes for patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF is still debated. Our study aimed to examine this relationship using all existing available data.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review of MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception to April 2024, analyzing the association between malnutrition, assessed by the Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI), and the risk of AF recurrence in patients who underwent catheter ablation for AF, compared to those without malnutrition. Relative Risk (RR) or hazard ratio (HR) and 95% CIs were retrieved from each study and combined using the generic inverse variance method.

Results

We included 3 cohort studies with 1697 participants undergoing AF ablation (10.9%) who had malnutrition indicated by GNRI score below 98. Patients with malnutrition had a higher risk of AF recurrence following catheter ablation for AF compared to those without malnutrition (Pooled RR = 2.74, 95% CI 1.36–5.51, I2 = 67%, p = .005).

Conclusions

Our pooled analysis indicates that malnourished patients undergoing catheter ablation for AF have an increased risk of AF recurrence compared to non‐malnourished patients.
A Comparative Analysis of Open Versus Minimally Invasive Pancreatoduodenectomies
Authors: Valukas Catherine S. , Zaza Norah M. , Vitello Dominic , Odell David D. , Merkow Ryan , Bentrem David J.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives

Pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. To reduce morbidity, minimally invasive pancreatoduodenectomies (MIPD) have become more prevalent. We aimed to compare short‐term survival and complications for open (OPD) versus MIPD and to assess the relationship between operative approach and operative time on outcomes.

Methods

Patients undergoing PD between 2017 and 2020 were identified within the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP). The primary outcome was operative time, and the secondary outcomes were death at 30 days, reoperation, readmission, and NSQIP‐identified 30‐day postoperative complications. A multivariable logistic regression was performed.

Results

A total of 14 977 PDs were performed from 2017 to 2020. MIPD increased from less than 8% of pancreatoduodenectomies performed in 2017 to over 10% of PD by 2020. Of the MIPD cohort, 62% were robotic, and 38% were laparoscopic, with robotic surgery becoming most prevalent by the end of the study period. MIPD was associated with significantly longer operative times than OPD (p < 0.01). MIPD was associated with decreased odds of postoperative bleeding and surgical site infection (p < 0.01), but higher odds of death at 30 days.

Conclusions

MIPD has been shown to have improved postoperative outcomes compared to OPD but is associated with longer operative times, which can be associated with increased complications.
Severe pemphigus vulgaris and cervical carcinoma treated with anti PD1 antibody pembrolizumab: A therapeutic dilemma?
Authors: Wasserer Sophia , Mayer Kristine , Rupp Svenja , Biedermann Tilo , Stoetzer Oliver J. , Hamann Moritz , Lauffer Felix
Published: December 2024

Managing autoimmune diseases (AIDs) in the context of malignancies and vice versa is an intricate challenge for clinicians. Immunotherapies stimulate antitumor immune responses by blocking checkpoint molecules such as PD1. However, new onset or aggravation of autoimmune reactions are frequent side effects of immunotherapies. Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a severe blistering autoimmune‐mediated skin disease requiring immune‐suppressive therapy. Here, we present a case, wherein a patient with severe PV underwent rituximab therapy, while simultaneously a newly diagnosed advanced cervical carcinoma was treated with pembrolizumab.
Quality of Life Priorities of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Survivors Enrolled in EORTC Studies, and a Comparison of Instruments
Authors: Musoro Jammbe , Sleurs Charlotte , Rowsell Ali , Suciu Stefan , Kicinski Michal , Chantziara Sofia , Coens Corneel , Pe Madeline , Missotten Pierre , Vandecruys Els , Uyttebroeck Anne , Dresse Marie‐Françoise , Pluchart Claire , Ferster Alina , Freycon Claire , Van Der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Rohrlich Pierre , Benoit Yves , Piette Caroline , Darlington Anne‐Sophie ,   the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life (QLG) and Children's Leukemia Group (CLG)
Published: December 2024

Purpose

Survivors of childhood cancer can suffer from long‐term sequelae or decline in quality of life (QoL), for which careful and standardized selection of outcome measures become more important. This study aims to assess different QoL‐related outcomes using three distinct questionnaires in an international study, identify the priorities of childhood ALL survivors via the administered questionnaires, and investigate potential interrelationships among QoL domains across the questionnaires.

Methods

Childhood ALL survivors treated according to the EORTC CLG treatment protocols 58741, 58831/2, and 58881 were recruited in Belgium and France and answered self‐report QoL questionnaires, including the Short‐Form Health Survey 12 (SF12), the Quality‐of‐Life Systemic Inventory (QLSI), and the Impact of Cancer for Childhood Cancer Survivors (IOC‐CS). To explore which scales overlapped or were novel, Pearson correlations were used to explore associations. In addition, based on the QLSI, we checked whether each of the top priorities of childhood ALL survivors were covered by the SF12 or IOC‐CS, by mapping their scales quantitatively and qualitatively.

Results

QoL data for 186 survivors were provided. Priority areas, as assessed by the QLSI, were vitality, physical abilities, memory, overall physical health, sleep, interaction with friends, love life. Love life was an important source of happiness (for 42%), and for some reported as the domain they were unhappiest in (13%). Quantitative mapping shows moderate correlations between the SF12 scales and IOC‐CS scales: life challenges, body and health, thinking and memory, and socializing. Qualitative mapping highlighted additional important domains, specifically family, romantic and friendship relationships, and sleep and memory.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the measures complement each other, but are less valuable in isolation for ALL survivors. Using a cancer survivorship measure, combined with some additional items covering priorities might provide a more holistic picture.