bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential of Orthosiphon aristatus Blume Miq as Larvicide and Repellent
(Review)
Authors: Faramayuda Fahrauk , Riyanti Soraya , Suryasaputra Dadan , Khoirunnisa Guntina Rizka , Agus Sukarno Widyaningrum
Published: August 2024

Background:

The tropical climate in Indonesia can potentially predispose to various
diseases caused by mosquitoes, one of which is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Prevention by
eradication of mosquito larvae (with larvicide) and mosquito bites (with repellent) is a strategic
countermeasure to control DHF disease vectors. Larvicide and synthetic repellent use also can
cause the development of resistance against the larvicide and thereby hurt humans. Therefore, it is
necessary to find natural alternatives that are safe and more effective. One plant that has potential as
a natural larvicide and repellent is the cat's whisker white-purple variety (Orthosiphon aristatus).
The main secondary metabolite groups in white-purple cat whiskers are flavonoids and phenolics,
and both groups are thought to have potential as larvicide and repellent.

Objective:

This review aimed to analyze the potential of white-purple cat plants as larvicides and
repellents.

Methods:

Journal searches in this review came from primary data sources on the internet.
Journal searches were conducted using search engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and
ScienceDirect. In this review, the prediction of the activity of the active compounds in cat's
whiskers (sinensetin and rosmarinic acid) as larvicides was also carried out in an in silico study.

Results:

The rosmarinic acid and sinensetin contained in cat's whiskers plants have the potential
as larvicide and repellent

Conclusion:

Based on the literature search, flavonoid, and phenolic compounds have potential
as larvicides and repellent. The larvicide and repellent mechanisms of the two secondary
metabolites are of concern because they can cause certain disorders in the central nervous system
through skin absorption or breathing
Comprehensive Insights into Psoriasis: Pathophysiology, An Advanced Exploration
of Current Landscape and Future Prospects in "Therapeutic
Strategies"
Authors: Monis Mohd , Mathur Pooja , Ritu  , Mishra Ashwini Kumar , Rani Laxmi
Published: August 2024

Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder affecting approximately 2% of the global
population, is characterized by a complex interplay of immunological dysregulation, genetic predisposition,
and environmental factors. This review explores the dynamic mechanisms underlying
psoriasis, highlighting the role of T lymphocytes in targeting healthy skin cells, leading to inflammation
and the formation of characteristic white scaly patches on various body parts. Over the
past 15 years, significant strides in unraveling the origins of psoriasis have paved the way for the
development of precise and highly effective treatments. Key insights into the pathogenesis, particularly
the dominance of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and interleukin-23 (IL-23), have shaped therapeutic
strategies to mitigate chronic inflammatory disorders. Notably, various therapies employing different
mechanisms of action, including interleukin blockers and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-
α) inhibitors, have emerged as valuable options for psoriasis management. This review provides
a comprehensive overview of the current understanding of psoriasis pathophysiology and highlights
advanced therapeutic approaches that are widely accessible. The focus extends to emerging
targeted drugs, such as netakimab, which functions as an interleukin-17 blocker, currently undergoing
clinical trials for psoriasis treatment. By synthesizing the latest research findings, this article
aims to contribute to the knowledge base surrounding psoriasis, offering clinicians and researchers
valuable insights into the evolving landscape of psoriasis treatment modalities.
Effect of giving fermented garlic peel (Allium sativum) extract through drinking water on broiler productivity
Authors: Dewi N. P. S. C. , Dewi I. G. A. M. K. , Nuriyasa I. M.
Published: August 2024

This research aims to determine the productivity of broilers given fermented garlic peel extract (Allium sativum) through drinking water. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicates, each consisting of 5 broilers. The treatments were drinking water without fermented garlic peel extract (P0), drinking water with 1.5% fermented garlic peel extract (P1), drinking water with 3% fermented garlic peel extract (P2), and drinking water with 4.5% fermented garlic peel extract (P3). The observed variables were performance, carcass wight, digestive tract bacteria namely Lactic Acid Bacteria (BAL), and body fat components of broilers. The results showed that broilers fed with fermented garlic peel extract at the level of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% had a significant effect (P<0.05) on final weight, weight gain, FCR, slaughter weight, carcass weight, breast weight, back weight, wing weight, upper thigh weight, lower thigh weight, and Lactic Acid Bacteria population on jejenum. However, it was not significantly different (P>0.05) to the initial weight, drinking water consumption, feed consumption, carcass percentage and (thigh, back, wing, upper thigh, lower thigh percentage), and body fat.
The Role of Social Capital on Community Resilience in Rural Areas: A Case Study in Ponggok Village, Indonesia
Authors: Tjachja Nugraha Achmad , . Fikriyah , Zahara Sylvia , Suhartini Wildan , Zahid Umair , Hlahla Jeremiah
Published: August 2024

Natural disasters have an impact on the socio-economics of society. Therefore, community resilience in facing these disasters is essential. Social capital is one factor that can help strengthen community resilience. This research will take an approach from social capital that consists of trust, social networks, and norms with collective action and community resilience. So, the research objective is to determine community resilience through collective action at the post-disaster recovery stage. Research was conducted in Ponggok Village to answer these research questions, which has abundant water resources as the village's superior potential. The Krejcie and Morgan tables determined the sample and showed the results in 248 respondents' families. The analysis used is Descriptive Statistics and Partial Least Square (PLS)-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Through the analysis accomplished, the study shows that social capital significantly impacts 99% of the collective actions of society and government in dealing with disasters. Community resilience and social capital had an R2 of 0.316 (31.6%), a moderate explanation of the variance. However, this research still acquires confines despite the significant results. Therefore, the role of the community and government is crucial in achieving better resilience.
Estratégias de superação: Caminhos trilhados por professores iniciantes para a sobrevivência e estabilidade na docência
Authors: Barreto da Cruz Giseli , Barbosa Fernandes Ingrid Cristina
Published: August 2024

O artigo apresenta constatações decorrentes de uma pesquisa inscrita no campo da formação docente, que buscou analisar as possibilidades e os desafios da indução entre pares para o agir e o reagir de professores que estão nos seus primeiros anos de exercício profissional. O problema investigativo foi delineado em torno da seguinte questão: Como a indução entre pares mediada pelo fazer da pesquisa contribui para o agir e o reagir de professores em relação às dificuldades que afetam a docência nos seus primeiros anos de exercício profissional? Teórica e metodologicamente, o estudo baseou-se na pesquisa narrativa, na perspectiva da narrativa enquanto atividade (auto)biográfica que se traduz em pesquisa-formação. A pesquisa foi encaminhada de modo que as narrativas construídas pelos professores participantes acerca da sua experiência durante o seu período de inserção profissional se constituíssem como um dispositivo de pesquisa-formação. Com base nas análises, discutem-se os caminhos trilhados pelos participantes para a sobrevivência e estabilidade na docência, os quais apontam para a importância do exercício da mutualidade e a partilha entre pares; a formação continuada; a prática reflexiva articulada à prática narrativa; o cuidado com o planejamento da prática pedagógica; e a docência compartilhada.
Developing an Automated Virtual Reality Therapy for Improving Positive Self-Beliefs and Psychological Well-Being (Phoenix VR Self-Confidence Therapy): Tutorial
Authors: Rosebrock Laina , Freeman Jason , Rovira Aitor , Miguel Andre Lages , Ward Rupert , Bousfield Matthew , Riffiod Ludovic , Kamvar Roya , Kabir Thomas , Waite Felicity , Freeman Daniel
Published: August 2024

Virtual reality (VR) is an immersive technology in which delivery of psychological therapy techniques can be automated. Techniques can be implemented similarly to real-world delivery or in ways that are not possible in the real world to enhance efficacy. The potential is for greater access for patients to effective therapy. Despite an increase in the use of VR for mental health, there are few descriptions of how to build and design automated VR therapies. We describe the development of Phoenix VR Self-Confidence Therapy, designed to increase positive self-beliefs in young patients diagnosed with psychosis in order to improve psychological well-being. A double-diamond, user-centered design process conducted over the course of 18 months was used, involving stakeholders from multiple areas: individuals with lived experience of psychosis, clinical psychologists, treatment designers, and VR software developers. Thirteen meetings were held with young patients diagnosed with psychosis to increase the understanding and improve the assessment of positive self-beliefs, help design the scenarios for implementing therapeutic techniques, and conduct user testing. The resulting Phoenix therapy is a class I United Kingdom Conformity Assessed (UKCA)–certified medical device designed to be used on the standalone Meta Quest 2 (Meta Platforms) headset. Phoenix aims to build up 3 types of positive self-beliefs that are connected to psychological well-being. In a community farm area, tasks are designed to increase a sense of mastery and achievement (“I can make a difference”); in a TV studio, users complete an activity with graded levels of difficulty to promote success in the face of a challenge (“I can do this”); and in a forest by a lake, activities are designed to encourage feelings of pleasure and enjoyment (“I can enjoy things”). Phoenix is delivered over the course of approximately 6 weekly sessions supported by a mental health provider. Patients can take the headsets home to use in between sessions. Usability testing with individuals with lived experience of psychosis, as well as patients in the National Health Service (aged 16‐26 years), demonstrated that Phoenix is engaging, easy to use, and has high levels of satisfaction.
Serious Gaming for Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Older Adults With Cancer: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Loerzel Victoria , Alamian Arsham , Clochesy John , Geddie Patricia I
Published: August 2024

Background

Older adults are at high risk for toxicity due to cancer treatment and increased risk for adverse events related to chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). Unfortunately, older adults report multiple treatment-related symptoms but use few strategies to self-manage these symptoms due to erroneous beliefs related to the effectiveness of commonly taught self-management strategies. We developed a novel serious game, Managing at Home (MAH), to help older adults learn how to effectively self-manage CINV at home.

Objective

This study has 2 aims. Aim 1 is to examine changes in CINV severity, self-management behaviors, functioning, quality of life, cognitive representation, and health care use within the intervention group from baseline (T1) to completion of the study (T6). Aim 2 is to determine the efficacy of the MAH intervention by comparing differences in primary outcomes (CINV severity and health care use) and secondary outcomes (self-management behaviors, functioning, and quality of life) between the intervention and control groups at each follow-up visit (T2-T6) and completion of the study (T6).

Methods

This is a longitudinal randomized clinical trial. We will collect data from 500 older adults receiving cancer-related chemotherapy at baseline (T1) and at each treatment cycle until cycle 6 (T6). Participants will be enrolled if they are 60 years or older of age, are newly diagnosed with cancer, being treated with any chemotherapy agent with moderate or high emetic potential, are on a 2-, 3-, or 4-week treatment cycle, are proficient in English, and have a telephone. Previous diagnosis or treatment for cancer, end-stage disease with less than 6 months to live, and uncorrected visual or hearing impairment are exclusion criteria.

Results

This study was funded in September 2022 and received institutional review board approval in October 2022. As of July 2023, the enrollment of participants is ongoing and currently has 130 enrolled participants. Data collection and analysis will be complete in 2027.

Conclusions

This study addresses self-management of CINV in older adults using an innovative serious game. The MAH intervention uses simulation and gaming technology to engage older adults in active learning in order to reframe erroneous perceptions about symptom self-management. If shown to be effective, it can easily be adapted to include other cancer-related symptoms or other chronic illnesses.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05838638; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05838638

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/64673
Racial Composition of Social Environments Over the Life Course Using the Pictorial Racial Composition Measure: Development and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Bather Jemar R , Kaphingst Kimberly A , Goodman Melody S
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Studies investigating the impact of racial segregation on health have reported mixed findings and tended to focus on the racial composition of neighborhoods. These studies use varying racial composition measures, such as census data or investigator-adapted questions, which are currently limited to assessing one dimension of neighborhood racial composition.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to develop and validate a novel racial segregation measure, the Pictorial Racial Composition Measure (PRCM).

METHODS

The PRCM is a 10-item questionnaire of pictures representing social environments across adolescence and adulthood: neighborhoods and blocks (adolescent and current), schools and classrooms (junior high and high school), workplace, and place of worship. Cognitive interviews (n=13) and surveys (N=549) were administered to medically underserved patients at a primary care clinic at the Barnes-Jewish Hospital. Development of the PRCM occurred across pilot and main phases. For each social environment and survey phase (pilot and main), we computed positive versus negative pairwise comparisons: mostly Black versus all other categories, half Black versus all other categories, and mostly White versus all other categories. We calculated the following validity metrics for each pairwise comparison: sensitivity, specificity, correct classification rate, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, false positive rate, and false negative rate.

RESULTS

For each social environment, the mostly Black and mostly White dichotomizations generated better validity metrics relative to the half Black dichotomization. Across all 10 social environments in the pilot and main phases, mostly Black and mostly White dichotomizations exhibited a moderate-to-high sensitivity, specificity, correct classification rate, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. The positive likelihood ratio values were >1, and the negative likelihood ratio values were close to 0. The false positive and negative rates were low to moderate.

CONCLUSIONS

These findings support that using either the mostly Black versus other categories or the mostly White versus other categories dichotomizations may provide accurate and reliable measures of racial composition across the 10 social environments. The PRCM can serve as a uniform measure across disciplines, capture multiple social environments over the life course, and be administered during one study visit. The PRCM also provides an added window into understanding how structural racism has impacted minoritized communities and may inform equitable intervention and prevention efforts to improve lives.
A Comparative Study to Enhance Medical Education in Pharmacology Through a Mobile-Based Application in India (Preprint)
Authors: Boddepalli Durgaprasad , Sinha Sharmila , Solanke Bhupendra , Dahiya Navdeep , Gupta Varun Kumar , Kuragayala Harikumar
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Medical education is evolving rapidly. With the introduction of Competency Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum, the need for different and innovative methods of teaching and learning is increasing. This study investigates the effectiveness of a mobile App (CBME pill) in comparison to conventional teaching methods in undergraduate pharmacology curriculum.

OBJECTIVE

This study investigates the effectiveness of a mobile App (CBME pill) in comparison to conventional teaching methods in undergraduate pharmacology curriculum.

METHODS

It was a crossover study in which 120 voluntary second year medical students were enrolled. All were given a lecture on topic 1 and then subjected to self-directed learning session half with conventional books and others with CBME pill App. The students were then crossed over for the second topic. Performance assessments were conducted in two phases, and feedback was collected from participants.

RESULTS

Results indicate that students in the CBME pill App group consistently achieved higher mean assessment scores compared to those in the conventional group, with statistically significant differences observed. The positive correlation between CBME pill percentage scores and feedback scores further supports the efficacy of CBME in improving student outcomes. These findings align with existing research demonstrating the effectiveness of mobile applications and self-directed learning in medical education. Feedback from participants was overwhelmingly positive, highlighting the benefits of the CBME pill App in enhancing curriculum implementation, motivation, and engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

This student centric teaching-learning App contribute significantly to improving student learning outcomes and engagement in Pharmacology subject. This study also highlights the transformative potential of CBME pill App in reshaping the educational journey for medical students.
Impact of a home-based remote patient monitoring system: a multicenter retrospective observational study in older adults with polypathology (Preprint)
Authors: Testa Damien , Iborra Vincent , Dutech Mireille , Sanchez Manuel , Raynaud-Simon Agathe , Cabanes Elise , Chansiaux-Bucalo Christine
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

Every year, in France, 40% of people aged 80 and older are hospitalized, with an average length of hospital stay of 25 days and a readmission rate of 14 to 30% within the month following discharge. This situation is putting pressure on the healthcare system, encouraging the reinforcement of home care to reduce avoidable hospitalization.
EPOCA remote patient monitoring (RPM) system is a medical and social telehealth solution, specialized in remote patient monitoring, teleconsultation, tele-expertise and care coordination in emergency medicine and geriatrics. The platform provides long-term medical support at home (MSAH) with 24/7 telemonitoring of polypathological older adults. We hypothesized that entering the EPOCA RPM system long-term MSAH would be associated with a reduction of the rates and durations of hospitalizations or emergency department (ED) visits in older polypathological adults.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to compare the hospitalization and ED visits rates as well as the cumulated hospital stay duration before and after entering the EPOCA RPM system long-term MSAH globally and per participant. Then two subgroups of participants according to the severity of their disability were analyzed.

METHODS

This retrospective observational study included polypathological (>2 affected systems) older (≥ 70 years) adults followed into two different types of long-term MSAH between February 2022 and October 2023. We compared the number of hospital admissions, including ED visits, the cumulated duration of hospital stays during the follow-up, and the average length of hospital stays between the period corresponding to the MSAH program (Y) compared to the year before entering the program (Y-1). Subgroup analysis were performed according to the severity of participant’s disability.

RESULTS

One hundred and twenty participants were included in MSAH, with a mean age of 86.8 years. Hospitalization and ED visits rate decreased (-48%) between Y-1 and Y periods as well as the total duration of hospital stays (-63%). A significant reduction of hospitalization number (from 1.3 to 0.7 per patient per year, P<.001) and ED visits (from 1.4 to 0.7 per patient per year, P<.001) was observed between Y-1 and Y follow-up periods. It corresponds to a significant reduction of 17 days spent at hospital per patient per year (P<.001). The decrease in hospitalization and ED visit rates and numbers was greater in participants with severe disabilities compared to those with no or moderate disabilities.

CONCLUSIONS

Among polypathological older adults, EPOCA RPM system is associated with reduction of hospitalization number, ED visits and duration of hospital stays. Facing the challenge of population aging, home telemonitoring embedded in the healthcare system offers potential benefits.
Accuracy and Safety of AI-Enabled Scribe Technology: Instrument Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Biro Joshua , Handley Jessica L , Cobb Nathan K , Kottamasu Varsha , Collins Jeffrey , Krevat Seth , Ratwani Raj M
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Artificial intelligence–enabled ambient digital scribes may have many potential benefits, yet results from our study indicate that there are errors that must be evaluated to mitigate safety risks.
Shifting Paradigms in Dermatology: Understanding Gender Wage Disparities in Dermatology Through Claudia Goldin's Research (Preprint)
Authors: Duffle Danielle , Rodriguez Ramiro , Brooks Benjamin , Dellavalle Robert
Published: August 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Wage differences between men and women are described. Dr. Claudia Goldin's 2023 Nobel prize improved our understanding regarding these observations. Here, we sought to evaluate wage differences within dermatology through the lens of Goldin's research. We hypothesized the presence of wage differences between men and women despite academic rank or leadership positions. AAMC survey data from 2022 demonstrated, women dermatologists comprised 36.95% (75/203) of full professors, 61.54% (152/247) of associate professors, and 63.47% (311/490) of assistant professors; among these 52.17% (12/23) were service chiefs and 35.48 % (22/62) were department chairs. The weighted mean salary was lower for women at all academic ranks and leadership roles; Division chiefs had the most significant (45.52%) wage difference between men and women. This is a $281,674 difference between men and women chiefs per year. Women earned $91,738.73 less on average/year when considering all academic positions. Limitations of this study include the sample size and the moment in time analysis. Questions evaluating direct causes for the observed differences were not seen in the AAMC survey. Future research should focus on capturing why this pattern occurs and how to improve it.
Fronteras de aceite: hegemonía de la palma africana en Chiapas
Authors: Castellanos Navarrete Antonio
Published: August 2024

Fronteras de aceite narra la expansión de la palma africana en dos regiones de confín del sur de México. Basándose en el trabajo etnográfico y de archivo realizado a lo largo de una década, Antonio Castellanos explora las motivaciones que llevaron a los campesinos de la Selva Lacandona y de la Costa de Chiapas a sembrar este monocultivo en sus comunidades rurales, prestando especial atención a la historia y cultura. Este relato, anclado en la noción de hegemonía de Antonio Gramsci, destaca cómo el Estado mexicano fomentó el consenso en torno a la palma y sus políticas de desarrollo a través del reparto agrario, el corporativismo y el uso ocasional de la violencia. El libro también aborda las posibilidades de emancipación que existen aún en fronteras como estas, caracterizadas por la desigualdad, los conflictos y el deterioro ambiental.
El veranillo en Panama
Authors: Ellis G. R.
Published: August 2024

La estación lluviosa en Panamá se interrumpe a menudo por períodos secos que duran de pocos días a unas semanas. En el lado del Atlántico del Istmo los periodos secos son más comunes en Septiembre y Octubre, originando un mínimo secundario de lluvia en Septiembre, mientras que en el lado del Pacífico el mínimo secundario por lo regular llega en Junio o Julio. EI tipo de estación temprana se asocia usualmente con vientos septentrionales y el de estación tardía con vientos meridionales. Los dos tipos contrastantes resultan de efectos orográficos, pero la sequedad general se produce por estar el Istmo alejado de Ia influencia de los mecanismos de convergencia atmosférica en gran escala.
Influencia del amortiguamiento viscoso sobre la respuesta a temblor de estructuras lineales
Authors: Arias S. A. , Husin l. R.
Published: August 2024

Se analiza la influencia del amortiguamiento viscoso, expresado como fracción del amortiguamiento crítico, sobre el espectro de respuesta de estructuras lineales de un grado de libertad. Se han tornado como base del análisis los espectros obtenidos por Alford, Housner y Martel y se ha confirmado el resultado con apoyo en los espectros medios propuestos por Housner y los espectros medios obtenidos por Byeroft para osciladores lineales sometidos a pulsos de aceleración distribuidos al azar. Se concluye que existe una dependencia muy clara entre la magnitud de la respuesta y el grado de amortiguamiento: para una estructura de periodo dado, la respuesta es proporcional a n-0.4 para n> 0.02. Un análisis teórico debido a Hudson muestra que la respuesta para una estructura de periodo dado es proporcional a n-0.5. Este resultado puede extenderse a estructuras de varios grados de libertad bajo las hipótesis siguientes: el temblor puede representarse como un proceso aleatorio estacionario, conocido como ruido blanco; existen modos de vibración ortogonales con frecuencias todas diferentes. Se explica la discrepancia entre los resultados teóricos y experimentales por la duración finita de los temblores reales y se extienden los resultados de Hudson para comparar las respuestas de osciladores con amortiguamiento nulo y con amortiguamiento distinto de cero.
Estudios regionales. Arrecifes coralinos en Veracruz, México
Authors: Emery K. O.
Published: August 2024

Frente a Veracruz, México, en la mitad interior de la plataforma continental, se levantan arrecifes coralinos que descansan sobre declives compuestos por residuos calcáreos arrecifales. El principal productor de los detritus es un coral madreporario. Conchas de moluscos, algas calcáreas rojas y Halimeda son los productores secundarios. Una comparación con sedimentos derivados de arrecifes en los Océanos Pacifico e Indico revela que los residuos coralinos son más abundantes en Veracruz que en otras partes. Los sedimentos que cubren la plataforma continental varios kilómetros más alIá de los arrecifes son principalmente lodos, de acuerdo con anotaciones de cartas de navegación, sugiriendo que los arrecifes constituyen la principal fuente moderna de sedimentos gruesos para la plataforma. Las posiciones y formas de los arrecifes parecen estar fuertemente influenciadas por la dirección de llegada de las olas, como también lo están los grandes arrecifes en el occidente del Océano Pacifico.
Un modelo dinámico para investigar los efectos de fuentes de calor periódico sobre la estratosfera ecuatorial
Authors: Berkofsky Louis , Shapiro Ralph
Published: August 2024

Se ha observado un ciclo de 26 meses en la componente E-W del viento a unos 25 mb en las regiones ecuatoriales y se ha construido un modelo teórico para investigar si la existencia de fuentes de calor periódico en la atmósfera podría producir movimientos del período y amplitud observados.
Nota sobre movimientos a gran escala en los trópicos, un resumen
Authors: Charney Jule G.
Published: August 2024

Pueden caracterizarse los movimientos a gran escala en las regiones extratropicales como lentos, casi geostróficos y altamente estables gravitacionalmente, es decir, con números de Froude y Rossby pequeños y número de Richardson grande. En los trópicos los movimientos ya no pueden ser casi-geostróficos, pero siguen siendo lentos y si no hay condensación altamente estable gravitacionalmente. Tales propiedades restringen fuertemente el carácter de los movimientos extratropicales.
Sobre el origen de las bandas espiraladas de los huracanes
Authors: Atlas David , Hardy Kenneth R. , Wexler Raymond , Boucher Roland J.
Published: August 2024

Para construir un modelo tri-dimensional de una banda espiralada se usaron secciones de radar verticales de intensidad de eco en el Huracán Esther. Este modelo y películas con lapso de tiempo PPI muestran que las grandes bandas persistentes son esencialmente estratiformes con nubes de tipo convectivo solo en sus extremos viento arriba. Las nubes convectivas se desarrollan contra la banda y hacia afuera respecto al ojo mientras las partículas de precipitación se esparcen viento abajo como plumas. El efecto neto es un movimiento de eco a lo largo de la banda en ambas direcciones; la pluma sigue al viento en tanto que la nube de origen se propaga en dirección contraria. La componente de propagación radial exterior de la nube de origen da a la banda su velocidad de salida. El máximo crecimiento está concentrado en la región estratiforme de la banda a niveles medios e inferiores abajo de 18,000 ps (nivel de 0° C a 14,000 ps). La presencia de una banda brillante en la capa de fusión impide que haya suficiente humedad para el crecimiento en forma de fuertes corrientes convectivas. Se propone un mecanismo en que el enfriamiento por evaporación y la fusión de la nieve contribuyen a la formación de una línea de convergencia espiral cerca del borde de avance de la banda y da origen a una nube de rodillo cumuliforme. El enfriamiento por fusión de la nieve dentro del núcleo de la banda establece una isoterma de 0° C y produce inestabilidad que da lugar a un estriado de estratocumulus de escala más fina abajo del nivel de fusión. El mecanismo es compatible con las observaciones meteorológicas directas, es decir, algún porcentaje del área de precipitación queda comprendido en torres convectivas calientes y las bandas espiraladas intermedias tienen usualmente núcleo frio ya que hay una turbulencia relativamente moderada en su interior.
Costos y técnicas meteorológicas para desarrollar recursos hídricos tropicales
Authors: Krutis E. B.
Published: August 2024

Esta plática se planeó inicialmente como introducción al propuesto Simposio sobre recursos hídricos tropicales. El simposio se evaporó y no estaba seguro de que esta nota fuese aún presentada. Su contenido científico es pequeño, pero se me aconsejó no retirarla y tal vez así quede justificada mi discusión de la limitada aplicabilidad de las actuales técnicas meteorológicas. Es necesario reconocer tales limitaciones si va a relacionarse honesta y provechosamente la meteorología con los costos de desarrollo de recursos hídricos o si se ampliara su valor futuro. Finalmente, aunque ahora las consideraciones meteorológicas apenas tienen importancia dominante, los costos de muchos desarrollos son tan altos que hasta el ahorro de pequeñas fracciones puede sumar grandes cantidades de dinero.
Análisis por computación y predicción en los trópicos
Authors: Bedient H. A. , Moore P. R. , Vederman J.
Published: August 2024

Se hicieron análisis objetivos de los campos de viento en el área tropical del Océano Pacifico a niveles de 700, 500, 300 y 200 mb con ayuda de una calculadora electrónica de alta velocidad, usándose observaciones de viento, por avión, rawin y píbales. No se emplearon alturas de superficies de presión constante. Los análisis objetivos de viento se compararon con análisis subjetivos, para hacer pronósticos barotrópicos tropicales de carácter experimental y compararlos con pronósticos convencionales.
Crecimiento de perturbaciones incipientes a escala sinóptica en los Trópicos
Authors: Arnason Geirmundur
Published: August 2024

Los estudios teóricos de Haque (1952) y de Lilly (1960) sobre pequeñas perturbaciones en una atmósfera estáticamente inestable en reposo han demostrado que la escala de movimiento preferida es de columnas infinitamente angostas con desplazamiento alternativamente ascendente y descendente. Si se toman en cuenta la fricción y conducción de calor (Kuo,1961), la escala horizontal preferida se hace finita y es aproximadamente la de una nube en cumulus. Además, al existir una estratificación estable en áreas de movimiento descendente se encuentra que la distancia entre centros ascendentes puede llegar hasta 20-40 Km.
Condiciones atmosféricas inmediatamente antes de formarse una tormenta tropical revolvente
Authors: Portig Wilfried H.
Published: August 2024

En un trabajo presentado a la Sociedad Meteorológica Americana, E. Palmen (1948) dijo que la convencción de cumulunimbus no bastaba para producir un huracán y que el aire debía elevarse sobre una área relativamente ancha. Workman (1962) habló recientemente de la necesidad de almacenamiento de energía antes de formarse un huracán. Kuo (1960), Syono (1950), Lilly (1960) y otros teóricos han investigado las condiciones termodinámicas de estabilidad de la atmósfera antes del desarrollo de un huracán, tratando de predecir sus consecuencias, es decir, el desarrollo de convección de cumulus o la formación de huracanes por las distribuciones vertical y horizontal de la estabilidad o mejor dicho, la inestabilidad condicional de un huracán.
Una red de bases modernas para control de gravedad en las América Central y del Sur
Authors: Woollard George P. , Monges Caldera Julio , Kozlosky Joseph A.
Published: August 2024

Los valores de gravedad van adquiriendo mayor importancia para variados estudios geodésicos y geofísicos y como hay cierto grado de confusión respecto a valores de base para gravedad en las Américas Central y del Sur, los autores realizaron una revisión y análisis de aquellos publicados para esa área e intentaron preparar un conjunto de valores dignos de confianza para ser usados: (a) para establecer el datum absoluto para prospecciones locales de gravedad: (b) pura normas de calibración usadas por diferentes grupos y (e) como valores de control para ajustar mapas de anomalías de gravedad a una norma común de calibración y datum por comparación de anomalías donde faltan o no están disponibles datos originales de observación.
Sobre la configuración cotidal a lo largo de la Costa del Pacifico de México
Authors: Grivel Piña Francisco
Published: August 2024

Análisis armónico de la marea de 15 estaciones a lo largo de la Costa del Pacífico de México y Golfo de California, de las cuales 11 estaciones son nuevas y lo más probable es que no hayan sido incluidas en la elaboración de las cartas cotidales existentes y 4 cuyos resultados ya han sido publicados, son comparados con las cartas de Bogdanov y Dietrich. La concordancia no es muy buena. Los resultados de la nueva estación de Melchor Ocampo indican la ausencia de un punto anfidrómico de la marea M2 en la región. Los valores de fase de la componente S2, de Mazatlán a Salina Cruz muestran que el sentido de propagación de la marea S2 en la Carta de Bogdanov es mcorrecta; debe haber una inversión de la fase y desaparecer el punto anfidrómico de coordenadas 3°10'N, 125°20'W. Nuevas cartas cotidales para las mareas M2, S2, K1 y O1 son presentadas.
Probabilidad de ocurrencia de temblores sucesivos de magnitud en la Ciudad de México
Authors: Ferraes Sergio G.
Published: August 2024

Para estudiar aspectos de la sismicidad de la Región Central de México, la relación entre el número N de temblores ocurridos y su magnitud, así como su interpretación en conexión con la estructura del Manto Superior, se usaron datos de aproximadamente 250 temblores de magnitud 3.5 o más y de profundidades focales menores de unos 70 Km ocurridos en la Ciudad de México. Para investigar la relación entre la magnitud y la frecuencia usamos la ecuación de Gutenberg y Richter. La forma particular que toma esta fórmula para describir la sismicidad del área central de México, es aproximadamente,
log10 N(M) = 4.54 - 0.55 M
Desarrollamos, enseguida, un procedimiento para calcular la probabilidad de que un temblor sucesivo de magnitud específica mj, ocurra después de que un temblor de magnitud dada M¡ ha ocurrido en la región . La distribución de las "probabilidades de transición" de temblores sucesivos indica evidencia de una tendencia sistemática en la ocurrencia de temblores sucesivos en la Región Central de México
Levantamiento de la corteza terrestre en Puerto Ángel, Oax. Detectado por observaciones mareográficas
Authors: Grivel Piña Francisco , Arce Ugarte Ruffo
Published: August 2024

Se analizan datos mareográficos (alturas horarias) de las estaciones de Salina Cruz, Oax., Puerto Ángel, Oax., Manzanillo, Col., y Acapulco, Gro. Al establecer una comparación entre los niveles medios anuales del mar en estas estaciones, se observa una anomalía en el de Puerto Ángel en el año de 1966. Con objeto de detectar esta anomalía con más precisión y establecer la fecha de la ocurrencia, se hicieron filtrajes numéricos utilizando el filtro F49 de Groves. Los resultados de este filtraje muestran grandes variaciones del nivel medio diario del mar (Oh y 12h) en la estación mareográfica de Puerto Ángel. Una vez encontrada la fecha del inicio del abatimiento progresivo del nivel medio del mar, 17 de enero de 1966, en Puerto Ángel se hizo una comparación entre las alturas horarias de la marea real con la pronosticada, para destacar más la evidencia de un levantamiento de la corteza en este puerto. El levantamiento de la corteza terrestre es del orden de los 14 cm, que hasta la fecha no ha vuelto a recuperarse.
An Insight in to Cadaveric Ectopic Calcification: A Case Report
Authors: Sharma Lakshita
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Pathological Calcification is an anomalous accumulation of calcium salts along with minimal quantities of iron, magnesium and other minerals in bodily tissues except teeth and bone causing hardening of the affected tissues. The location of the calcification and the presence or absence of mineral balance can be used to categorize it. The atypical mineral deposition processes in biological systems can sometimes be referred to as pathological calcification. During the routine dissection in National Institute of Ayurveda, Jaipur it was observed that numerous pathological calcifications were present both on osseous and extra osseous sites which were different from the normal human anatomy. The subject was a 90-year-old male of North Indian origin. Case examples illustrate different types and locations of calcification, shedding light on the anatomical distribution and potential clinical relevance.
Violencia de género y buenas prácticas periodísticas. Tramas de sentido en guías, manuales y decálogos para la cobertura periodística de casos de violencia de género en Argentina
Authors: Angelelli María Belén , Aráoz Verónica , Cabezas María del Carmen
Published: August 2024

En este trabajo abordamos las guías, manuales y decálogos para la cobertura de casos de violencia de género destinadas a periodistas, publicados en Argentina entre 2007 y 2021. Entendemos a estos documentos como producciones discursivas donde reconocemos huellas de disputa de sentidos para (re)significar la violencia de género. Como estrategia metodológica, desde una perspectiva sociodiscursiva, reconstruimos los contextos de producción de cada material, nos centramos en los topos discursivos que encontramos en la construcción del problema como social y en las recomendaciones. Concluimos que los manuales ofrecen herramientas generales para abordar la violencia de género en los medios de comunicación, donde se tensionan ciertos sentidos, por ejemplo, qué es la violencia y quiénes se encuentran en el par víctima-victimario. A su vez, reconocemos que entre el 2015 y 2020 se produce una multiplicación de agentes que prescriben estas formas correctas de hacer periodismo con perspectiva de género.
Hayden-Preskill recovery in chaotic and integrable unitary circuit dynamics
Authors: Rampp Michael A. , Claeys Pieter W.
Published: August 2024

The Hayden-Preskill protocol probes the capability of information recovery from local subsystems after unitary dynamics. As such it resolves the capability of quantum many-body systems to dynamically implement a quantum error-correcting code. The transition to coding behavior has been mostly discussed using effective approaches, such as entanglement membrane theory. Here, we present exact results on the use of Hayden-Preskill recovery as a dynamical probe of scrambling in local quantum many-body systems. We investigate certain classes of unitary circuit models, both structured Floquet (dual-unitary) and Haar-random circuits. We discuss different dynamical signatures corresponding to information transport or scrambling, respectively, that go beyond effective approaches. Surprisingly, certain chaotic circuits transport information with perfect fidelity. In integrable dual-unitary circuits, we relate the information transmission to the propagation and scattering of quasiparticles. Using numerical and analytical insights, we argue that the qualitative features of information recovery extend away from these solvable points. Our results suggest that information recovery protocols can serve to distinguish chaotic and integrable behavior, and that they are sensitive to characteristic dynamical features, such as long-lived quasiparticles or dual-unitarity.
Resource-Efficient Real-Time Polarization Compensation for MDI-QKD with Rejected Data
Authors: Bedroya Olinka , Li Chenyang , Wang Wenyuan , Hu Jianyong , Lo Hoi-Kwong , Qian Li
Published: August 2024

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) closes all the security loopholes in the detection system and is a promising solution for secret key sharing. Polarization encoding is the most common QKD encoding scheme, as it is straightforward to prepare and measure. However, implementing polarization encoding in MDI QKD imposes extra challenges, as polarization alignment must be maintained over both mutually unbiased bases and be maintained for both paths (Alice-Charlie and Bob-Charlie). Polarization alignment is usually done by interrupting the QKD process (reducing overall key generation rates) or using additional classical laser sources multiplexed with quantum channels for polarization alignment. Since low key rates and cost are the two most pressing challenges preventing wide adoption of QKD systems, using additional resources or reducing key rates runs contrary to making QKD commercially viable. Therefore, we propose and implement a novel polarization compensation scheme in the MDI-QKD system that avoids the aforementioned drawbacks by recycling part of discarded detection events. Our scheme evaluates the polarization drift in real-time based on single measurements corresponding to decoy intensities. Our fully automated experimental demonstration maintains the average polarization drift below 0.13 rad over 40 km of spooled fibre (without an insulating jacket) for at least four hours. The average quantum bit error rate is 3.8%, and we achieved an average key rate of 7.45×10−6 bits per pulse.
Threats to Saminism Values in the Digitalization Era
Authors: Atmaja Diaz Kusuma , Norkholifah Yuyun
Published: August 2024

This study examines the impact of digitalization on the values of Saminism in the Sikep community of Blora. Saminism, a traditional belief system originating from Java, emphasizes simplicity, non-violence, and harmonious living with nature. However, the digitalization era poses significant challenges to preserving these values. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews and participatory observations to understand the socio-cultural context in which Samin teachings are practiced. The findings indicate that digitalization has led to a shift in values among Sikep youth, who are increasingly exposed to pop culture and digital technology. This shift has resulted in a decreased understanding and practice of Saminism, as well as a decline in social ethics aligned with its teachings. To address these challenges, the Sikep community must reinforce Saminism teachings and filter foreign cultural influences to align with Sikep values, norms, and traditions. By leveraging digital platforms to promote Saminism teachings, the community can adapt to modern advancements while maintaining their cultural heritage. In conclusion, integrating Saminism principles with modern technology can create a sustainable balance between tradition and progress, ensuring the continued relevance and vitality of Saminism in the digital age.
Hacia una Teoría del cambio
Authors: Salinas Cerreño Jorge Antonio
Published: August 2024

El cambio organizacional, es un tema que se ha desarrollado metodológicamente en forma creciente en los últimos setenta años luego que Kurt Lewin en los años 50 planteara este tema bajo la Teoría de Campos o de fuerzas. El presente artículo científico tiene el propósito de difundir algunos resultados de la Investigación desarrollada por el autor en torno a la Teoría de cambio. La investigación se desarrolló con un enfoque semicualitativo de carácter teórico donde se ha tratado el tema del cambio organizacional y como es que las empresas y organizaciones hoy en día, no logran obtener buenos resultados en sus procesos de cambio.
Los resultados obtenidos y las conclusiones corroboran las hipótesis encontrando correlación entre las variables estudiadas, por lo que concluimos que sí es posible crear una teoría general de cambio para las organizaciones asimismo se ha podido establecer un orden de importancia general para procesos de cambio mediante el método AHP y se ha planteado un nuevo mapa conceptual sobre el cambio organizacional.