bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interpersonal perception of LinkedIn profiles and employability / Percepció interpersonal de perfils a LinkedIn i ocupabilitat
Authors: Del Cerro Ramon Susana , Rodríguez-Rivas Cristina , Vidal Sara , Escabrós Marta , Oberst Ursula
Published: March 2021

Summary. This paper presents two pilot studies related to the self-presentation of users of the professional social network LinkedIn. The first one looks at the most relevant categories users and observers employ when they assess LinkedIn profiles. The results show that professional and non-professional observers rely on similar aspects of the observable characteristics of these profiles to draw conclusions and form their assessment of a given candidate's employability. However, job selection professionals (recruiters) are more suspicious of profiles than non-professionals. The study concludes that candidates are highly aware of how they have to present themselves in a LinkedIn profile in order to attract the attention of selection professionals. The second pilot study asked whether certain gender roles, namely instrumentality (traditional masculinity) and expressiveness (traditional femininity), were predictors of the perceived employability of candidates, in addition to their competencies, personality and gender. The variable competencies turned out to be the strongest predictor of perceived employability, followed by expressiveness. These results are discussed in relation to changes in gender roles in society overall and in the labour world specifically.Resum.Aquest treball presenta dos estudis pilot en relació a la autopresentació d'usuaris de la xarxa social professional LinkedIn. En el primer s'estudia quines són les categories mes rellevants a l'hora de valorar un perfil de LinkedIn, tant per als usuaris com per a observadors. Els resultats mostren que els observadors professionals i no professionals es basen en aspectes similars pel que fa a característiques observables dels perfils per treure conclusions per a la seva valoració sobre l'ocupabilitat del candidat, però els professionals de la selecció desconfien més dels perfils que els no professionals. Es conclou que els candidats són força conscients sobre com s'han de presentar en un perfil de LinkedIn per atreure l'atenció de professionals de la selecció. El segon estudi pilot es va fer per comprovar si els rols de gènere, en tant instrumentalitat (la tradicional masculinitat) i expressivitat (la tradicional feminitat) eren predictors de l'ocupabilitat percebuda dels candidats, juntament amb les competències, personalitat i sexe. La variable competències es va perfilar com el predictor més fort de l'ocupabilitat percebuda, seguit per l'expressivitat. Es discuteixen aquests resultats en relació als canvis en els rols de gènere en la societat i en el món laboral específicament.
FURTHER STUDIES ON URINARY 3-METHYLHISTIDINE EXCRETION AS AN INDIRECT INDEX OF DIETARY AMINO ACID ADEQUACY IN RATS
Authors: Balogun O. O. , Adeleye A. A. , Balogun E. A.
Published: March 2021

As a further step in the determination of the sen­sitivity of urinary 3-methylhistidine (3-MeH) to essential amino acid adequacy in diet, 36 male albino rats of the Wistar strain were divided into six groups +of six rats per group. Each group with an initial .mean live weight of 106.52 ± 0.54g was fed in in­dividual metabolic cages on a basal diet sup­plemented with graded levels of DL-methionine. Total methionine in diet ranged between 0.25 and 1.05%. The study lasted 10 days. The response of urinary 3-methylhistidine excretion to the graded levels of methionine in diet was compared to responses obtained from growth performance characteristics, plasma urea concentration, liver nitrogen and creatinine excretion. With the excep­tion of feed intake, all other indices of dietary pro­tein adequcy and efficient amino acid utilization viz growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, serum urea concentration, and creatinine excretion were significantly (P 0.05) to P 0.01) influenced by dietary methionine level. Maximum growth rate, liver N and urinary 3-methylhistidine were observed. in rats given 0.45% total methionine in diet. Supplementing the basal diet to contain 0.45% total,' methonine significantly (P 0.01) decreased serum urea concentration. Urinary 3-methylhistidlne excre­tion was found by regression analysis to be positively correlated to body weight gain (r = 0.73), feed intake (r = 0.61), urinary creatinine excretion (r = 0.74) and liver N (0.72) but negatively correlated to dietary methionine level (r = —0.41). We suggested that urinary 3-MeH excretion be added to the list of available indicts for dietary amino acid adequacy.
THE EFFICACY OF OXYTETRACYCLINE THERAPY AND THE DURATION OF TREATMENT IN THE COURSE OF BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS
Authors: Jagun A. G. , Ilemobade A. A. , Ilemobade A. A. , Saror D. I. , Abdulakadir I. A.
Published: March 2021

A total of 27 crossbred calves (12 intacts, 9 splenec­tomised and 6 uninfected control) were sub­cutaneously Inoculated with 2 x 107 Anaplasma marginale infected erythrocytes. Oxytetracycline (at 10mg/kg body weight) was administered in­travenously when the PCV dropped to 16 per cent or below. The pattern of development of parasitaemia, appeared to be similar in both intact and splenec­tomised calves. The spelectomised calves, however, gave higher percentage of parasitaemia. Fluctuation in the PCV followed the same pattern in both groups, but the splenectomised calves were observed to suffer more anaemic crisis than the intact ones. In the intact calves, all those treated once and for 2 consecutive days survived. In the splenectomised calves, all those treated once died, while all those treated for 2 consecutive days survived. It may be concluded that, 2 consecutive ox­ytetracycline treatments (at 10mg/kg body weight) gave better recovery rates in cases of clinical bovine anaplasmosis.
EFFECT OF FEEDING CHOPPED AND UNCHOPPED GROUNDNUT HAULM (HARAWA) ON NUTRIENT UTILIZATION AND THE PRODUCTION OF SOME RUMEN METABOLITES IN YANKASA LAMBS
Authors: Adu L. F. , Lakpimi C. A. M.
Published: March 2021

The effect of feeding chopped and unchopped groundnut haulm (Harawa) on nutrient intake, metabolism and utilization was determined in 24 (12 each of male and female) growing Yankasa lambs. Feeding of chopped harawa significantly (P 0.05) Increased feed intake, the digestibility of nutrients and liveweight gains. It also had an ap­preciable effect on nitrogen retention and the pro­duction of total rumen nitrogen, rumen ammonia-nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. The availability of digestible energy did not differ significantly under the two feeding regions. There was a better feed effi­ciency for lambs fed chopped hay.
IN VITRO PROTEIN SOLUBILITY AND SOLUBILIZATION OF SELECTED FEEDSTUFFS FOR RUMINANT FEEDING
Authors: Udedire A. B. I. , Chase L. E.
Published: March 2021

Protein solubility in mineral buffer, and protein degradability with bacterial protease, of condensed distillers solubles, distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, raw, roasted and extruded soybeans, corn silage, haycrop silage, hay, corn gluten feed, multiage solulac and lactosy-urea (Ewoplus) were in­vestigated for use in ruminant feeding. The proteins of distillers dried grains, brewers dried grains, roasted and extruded soybeans and corn gluten meal were highly Insoluble in mineral buffer with average solubilities of 4.50%, 10.47%, 8.07%, 13.12% and 5.40% respectively. Lactosyl­urea (Ewoplus) was 100% soluble. The protease of streptomyces griseus was used to determine protein degradability. The degradable proteins of distillers grains, brewers grains, raw and roasted soybeans, and corn gluten meal were resis­tant to protease action. Extruded soybeans, distillers solubles, forage feedstuffs and Ewoplus were readily degradable.
FULANI PASTORALISM AND THE PROBLEMS OF VETERINARY DELIVERY SERVICES
Authors: Awogbade M. O.
Published: March 2021

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INFLUENCE OF CORN CONDENSED DISTILLERS SOLUBLES (CCDS) ON RATION DIGESTIBILITY. NITROGEN/ENERGY UTILIZATION AND RUMEN FLUID CHARACTERISTICS OF LACTATING DAIRY COWS
Authors: Udedibie A. B. I. , Chase L. E.
Published: March 2021

Digestion and Balance trials were conducted with 18 lactating dairy cows in their 7-8 weeks of lactation using 7 day total collection to determine nitrogen and energy balance and digestibility of ration nutrients by lactating dairy cows fed three levels (0.8 and 16%) of corn condensed distillers solubles (CCDS). Cows were fed treatment rations for 4 weeks before collection. Following digestion and balance trials, rumen fluid samples were collected esophagially before feeding and 3 hours after feeding to determine the influence of CCDS on rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen and volatile fatty acids. Corn condensed distilers solubles significantly (P<0.05) improved the digestibility of the neutral detergent fiber and ether extract but depressed the digestibility of the ash. Apparent nitrogen retention was significantly (P <0.05) lower for animals on 8% CCDS ration. There were no significant differences in energy utilization among groups. Corn condensed distilers soluble did not significantly affect rumen pH, but depressed rumen ammonia nitrogen. On molar percentage basis, animals on the 8% CCDS ration had significantly (P< 0.05) higher acetate in the rumen 3 hours after feeding. Other VFA remained relatively unaffected by treatments.
SEASONAL EFFECTS ON LAMB PRODUCTION UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS
Authors: Adeleye I. O. A.
Published: March 2021

Observations were made over a period of three years on a total of 336 West African Dwarf (WAD) ewes that were mated to four rams in rotation. Out of a total of 753 lambs obtained, 459 (61%) were produced in the wet season as compared to 294 (39%) produced in the dry season. More lambs were produced as a result of multiple birth (twins and triplets) in the wet than in the dry season. Consequently, the average birth weight of the wet season lambs (1.58kg) was lower than the average birth weight (1.66 kg) of the dry season lambs. Despite this initial disadvantage, the wet season lambs had a higher average weaning weight (9.11 kg) than the dry season lambs (7.83 kg). The effects of season on pre weaning lamb mortality was minimal while the effects of type of birth were quite apparent. Lowest pre-weaning lamb mortality values were recorded for single lambs, followed by twins and triplets, in ascending order. The data also showed that a slightly higher proportion of the male lambs reached weaning age than female lambs. This observation could be associated with reported inverse relationship between lamb birth weight and mortality found in literature.
CRUDE PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF GUINEA FOWL KEETS (NUMIDA MELIAGRIS GALEATA, PALLAS) IN THE TROPICS
Authors: Njike M. C. , Ahmed A. S. , Haruna E. S.
Published: March 2021

Guinea fowl of both sexes were fed from 0 to 8 weeks on protein level ranging from 18 to 26% using constant energy concentration of 3000 kilocalories/kg diet. At the end of the experimental period, keats on 24 and 26% protein levels with liveweights of 854 and 867.3g respectively were significantly heavier than keets on the other diets. Keets on these two rations showed no significant differences in the final liveweights, liveweight gains and feed consumption. However, it appeared from the result that feed consumption was related to growth rate. The feed/gain ratio was significantly better for keets that received 24% protein level than for those on 26% protein. But feed/gain ratios generally tended to be inversely related to growth rate. On the basis of this study it is recommended that the diet of guinea fowl keets in the tropics should not contain less than 24% crude protein for optimal results.
A NOTE ON CONCENTRATE: LEGUME HAY RATIO IN FATTENING YANKASA SHEEP
Authors: Lakpini C. A. M. , Adu I. F.
Published: March 2021

Twenty Yankasa rams, about 1.5 years and weighing between 20 and 25kg. were randomly alloted to four treatment groups of 5 animals each. The groups were used to study the effect of feeding concentrate and groundnut haulms in the ratio of 0:1 (A); 1:1 (B); 1:3 (C); 3:1 (D) on feedlot performance. All animals were fed at 4% of body weight in individual pens through the 86 day experimental period. Total dry matter intake was significantly (P<0.05) highest for Group D and lowest for Group A. It costs least to feed Group A animals but cost of feed per weight gain was least for Group D. Liveweight gain was highest for Group D, which utilized feed most efficiently.
PERFORMANCE OF GUINEA FOWL BREEDERS FED VARYING LEVELS OF CYPERUS BULB
Authors: Ayorinde K. L. , Ayeni J. S. O.
Published: March 2021

Feeding between 0.00 and 54.55 percent of Cypenis bulbs in guinea fowl diets resulted in significantly (P<0.05) different body weight gain, feed intake, egg production and egg weight. Mean weekly body weight gain was significantly (P<0.05) higher in birds fed rations containing between 0 and 41% of Cyperus bulb than those on ration containing 54.55% of Cyperus bulb. Males on rations containing between 0 and 41% of Cyperus bulb had significantly (P<0.05) higher weight gains than their female counterparts fed the same rations. Feed intake decreased significantly (P<0.05) with increased inclusion of Cypenis bulb. Weekly feed intake was however significantly (P <0.05) lower in male birds on rations 1 and 2 than those on 3 and 4. The percentage of cocks in semen production ranged from 69.3 to 73.2% and was not significantly affected by ration. Egg weight and egg production became significantly lower (P<0.05) lowered as maize was replaced with Cyperus bulb though production on rations 1 and 2 were statistically similar. The differences in nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention are probably responsible for the varying performances. The results indicate that except for semen production and feed intake in the male, the other parameters were adversely affected by Cyperus bulb inclusion
REPEATABILITY OF EGG PRODUCTION, EGG WEIGHT AND EGG SHAPE OF AN EXOTIC COMMERCIAL LAYER IN NIGE
Authors: AYORINDE K. L. , SADO C.
Published: March 2021

Records of individual gg production, egg weight and egg index taken over a 56-day period from forty-nine 30 weeks old Hubbard layers were analyzed for estimates of repeatability of the three traits. The estimates for two, four, six and eight 7-day records varied between 0.27 and 0.40 for rate of egg production, 0.58 to 0.60 and 0.60 to 0.62 for egg weight and index (shape) respectively. The results indicate that two 7-day records were adequate for characterizing both egg weight and shape in chickens while rate of egg production requires four 7-day
NUTRIENT INTAKE, DIGESTIBILITY AND RUMEN STUDIES IN GOATS FED VARYING LEVELS OF CASSAVA PEELS AND BREWER'S DRIED GRAIN
Authors: ADEGBOLA T. A. , OGBONNA R. C. , NWACHUKWU N. E.
Published: March 2021

Dry matter intake, nutrient digestibility and some rumen and blood metabolites were investigated in goats fed five diets composed of cassava peel and brewer's dried grains (BDG) in the ratios of approximately 82:8, 69:20, 57:33, 44:45 and 32:58. Urea and molasses were included in each diet at 2% and 7.5% respectively and the crude protein levels of the diets were approximately 8%, 11%, 14%, 17% and 20%. There were no significant (P > 0.05) differences in Dry matter and Organic matter intake but N intake Increased up to Diet 4. There were dietary effects on the digestibility of DM, N, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, either extract, nitrogen free extract and energy but not 0M. The highest digestibility values were obtained on diet 4 for most of the nutrients. The concentrations of rumen ammonia and blood plasma urea increased from Diet 1 to Diet 5. There were significant (P < 0.05) dietary effect on rumen fluid ph. Rumen protozoal count increased from Diet 1 to Diet 5. The depression in digestibility of Diet 5 would indicate that BDG should not be included at up to 58% in the diet of goats.
EFFECT OF VARYING LEVEL OF FISHMEAL SUBSTITUTION WITH SOYABEAN MEAL ON CERTAIN SERUM METABOLITES AND HAEMATOLOGICAL INDICES IN CHICKENS
Authors: ALETOR V. A. , OGUNYEMI O.
Published: March 2021

The effect of substituting fishmeal protein with soyabean meal protein on serum metabolism and some haematological indices, have been assessed, using Hyperco broiler chickens. Six diets (isonitrogenous and isocaloric) were fed, in which, 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100% of dietary fishmeal (FM) protein was substituted with soyabean meal (SMB) protein. Results showed significant (P < 0.05) differences in clotting time, packed cell volume (PCV), red blood count (RBC) and mean corpuscular volume due to dietary treatments. Clotting time was longest for birds on diet 6 in which FM was completely with SMB and shortest for those on diet 3. The variations in the PCV, RBC and MCV followed no particular trend with dietary treatments. The hemoglobin concentration (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) did not differ significantly (P > 0.05). Total serum protein (TSP), albumin, globulin and albumin/globulin ratio, were not significantly (P > 0.05) influenced by the dietary treatments. However, significant (P < 0.05) differences were obtained in the serum urea levels as the values seemed to increase with increasing Revel of FM substitution with SBM. It was inferred, that an all-SBM feeding may have serious implications for the routine debeaking processes, especially in layers, given the much higher clotting time for birds on diet 6 m which there was 100% substitution of FM with SBM protein
SEASONAL VARIATIONS IN SEMINAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP IN THE HUMID TROPICS
Authors: AKPOKODJE J. U. , DEDE T. I. , ODILI P. I.
Published: March 2021

Semen collected from six mature West African Dwarf (WAD) rams by artificial Vagina, twice weekly for one year, early and late rainy season, and early and late dry season, showed no significant difference in volume of ejaculate and progressive motility of sperm. There was significant difference in sperm concentration, total sperm per ejaculate, total motile sperm per ejaculate and abnormal sperm. Seasonal changes in characteristics of the semen were associated with seasonal changes in temperature, indicating the detrimental effects of heat, even on indigenous stock.
INFLUENCE OF BREWERS DRIED GRAINS ON THE RUMINAL VOLATILE FATTY ACIDS (VFA)PRODUCTION AND MILK CONSTITUENTS IN ZEBU COWS
Authors: Ibeawuchi J. A. , Akinsoyinu A. O.
Published: March 2021

Four lactating White Fulani (Zebu) cows fitted with permanent rumen cannular were fed four. diets: (A) Acha hay (Digitaria exilis Stapf, (B) 50% acha hay plus 50% brewers dried grains (BDG), (C) 75% BDG plus 25% hay and (D) 100% BDG in a 4 x 4 latin square design. Analysis of rumen total Volatile Fatty acids (VFAS), individual VFAs, ammonia-N and pH as well as some milk constituents were carried out simultaneously. Mean ruminal pH and total VFA (MM/100ml) were 7.1,6.2; 6.5, 8.0; 5.8,  14.9 and 5.8, 13.1 for A, B, C, and D respectively. The corresponding acetate to propionate (A/P) ratios were 4.97, 4.40, 3.20 and 3.40. The molar percent values of butyrate yielded by A and B were similar and less (P<0.05) than the value for C or D. Ruminal ammonia-N (mg/100ml) ranged from 5.7 for A to 6.8 for D. Total VFA, NH3-N and pH of the rumen fluid were affected by time of feeding (P<0.05). The correlations between ruminal pH and acetate (r = 0.98), pH and total VFA (r = -0.90), and acetate and propionate (r = -0.75) were significanct(P <0.05). Cows on treatment A (acha hay) yielded higher percent milk fat (P<0.05) and lower percent milk protein than those on B, C, or D. Treatment effects on milk pH and percentages of lactose, solids-not-fat (SNF) and ash were not significant. The observed depression in milk fat of cows on treatments B, C and D in comparison with cows on treatment A wasrelated to a decrease in rumen acetate and an increase in propionate. It was observed that the fermentation of BDG yielded acetate within limits required for efficient milk production.
ASSESSMENT OF MINERAL STATUS OF TWICE-YEARLY LAMBING YANKASA EWES 1. APRAISAL OF MINERAL STATUS IN THE DIET AND BLOOD SERUM
Authors: Fajemisin B. A.
Published: March 2021

An appraisal of mineral status of twice-yearly lambing Yankasa ewes was carried out in order to trace any evidence of mineral deficiency in the diet and to obtain baseline information of clinical, physiological and nutritional interest. A total of thirty pregnant and lactation ewes, weighing between 27 - 37kg was sampled for mineral profile in blood serum. The basal and supplemental diets were also analysed for chemical and mineral composition. Average daily dry matter intakes ranged from 0.92 to 1.5kg per head per day. Higher concentration of magnesium, iron, manganese and zinc were obtained in the serum of both pregnant and lactating ewes than values obtained for temperate breeds. Average calcium concentrations (mg/100ml) in the blood serum during gestation and lactation were 10.0 ± 1.7 and 6.1 æ 1.3respectively. The values were higher during gestation than lactation. The differences were significant (P 0.05). On the other hand, the mean concentration (mg/100ml) was 12.6 æ 2.2 during gestation and increased to 17.4 æ 3.2 during lactation. The differences were also significant. (P < 0.01). The concentrations of calcium and phosphorus (mg/100ml) were observed to be influenced by parturition.
Utilization Of Rubber Seed Meal As A Protein Supplement In Broiler Finisher Rations.
Authors: Adeleye I. O. A. , Odunsi A. A.
Published: March 2021

A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the performance of finisher broiler chicks fed diets containing different levels of partially defatted rubber seed meal as a replacement for roundnut cake. Four isocaloric and iso-nitrogenous diets (A, B, C and D) were formulated using groundnut cake (GNC) as the reference protein source; and 10, 15 and 20% of the GNC in the control diet (A) were replaced with rubber seed meal (RSM) in rations B, C and D, respectively. No significant differences (P>0.05) were observed in feed intake, growth rate, feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio among the birds on the different diets. However, the dressed weight and dressing percentage and total edible meat to bone ratio showed significant (P <0.05) differences. The results indicated that replacement of GNC with RSM at levels studied, did not significantly depress the performance of broiler finishers but was quiteeneficial in terms of economics of production.
THE HATCHING CHARACTERISTICS OF DIFFERENT STRAINS OF GRAND PARENT CHICKENS
Authors: OMEJE S. S. I. , MARIRE B. N. , OFFIONG S. A.
Published: March 2021

Fertility and hatchability rates were studied in two breeds - A and B - of the domestic fowl, composed of sire (As and Bs) and dam (Ad and Bd) grandparent strains respectively. The dam strain (Ad) of A had the highest percent hatchability of 73.18%. The sire strain (Bs) of B had the highest proportion of eggs with dead germ followed by both the Ba and As lines whose values were significantly the same. Chick embryo mortality was most critical between the 18th and 21st day of incubation in all strains. The results further show that the A breed had higher rates of fertility and hatchability than the B breed, and that the dam and sire strains of both breeds performed differently with regards to the traits examined.
SOME CHARACTERISTICS OF ARTICLES PUBLISHED IN THE NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL PRODUCTION
Authors: ADEWOLE S.
Published: March 2021

Using the articles published in the volume 10-14 (1983-1987) of the Nigerian Journal of Animal Production (NJAP), articles profiles and authors' livestock training background were determined. Eighty-one (81) out of 226 were single authored and the balance authored by two or more people. Twelve (12) authors represent the core authors of the journal. This figure appears rather low, from a total of 226 authors. Poultry production is the most authored field in animal production studies; while Nsukka, Zaria, Ibadan and Vom produced the highest number of animal scientists that authored the articles in the volumes 10-14 of NJAP. This group accounts for more than 74% of the institutional affiliation of authors to the journal.
SCREENING TEST FOR BOVINE TUBERCULOSIS AMONGST CATTLE POPULATION IN ZARIA AREA USING SINGLE CAUDAL-FOLD TECHNIQUE.
Authors: SHEHU L. M. , ZARIA L. T.
Published: March 2021

Five hundred out of 732 heads of cattle in twenty selected birds in Zaria and its environs, were screened for tuberculosis using the single caudal fold (SCF) tuberculin test. Fifty nine (11.8%) beads of cattle were detected to be reactors, while 43 (8.6%) and 398 (79.6%) were suspects and non-reactors respectively. Only one herd had no reactors nor suspects. Amongst reactors, the incidence increased with age, with 6.9% reactors in 0-1 year age group; while those over 5 years old had 28 (20.9%) reactors. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05;x2) Management system had an effect on the incidence of tuberculin test reactors with purely nomadic animals showing a greater number of reactors (72.88%) than intensively (0.0%) and semi-intensively (27.12%) managed farms, Sex had no effect on reactor rates as 13(11.4%) of 114 males and 46 (11.9%) of 386 females were reactors. The difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05;x2). It is therefore concluded that cattle in nomadic Fulani herds harbour Mycobacteria which serve as a potential source of tuberculosis to man and other animals.
Water And Feed Utilization Relationship In West African Dwarf (Forest) Goats Of Southern Nigeria
Authors: Ikhatua U. J. , Dede T. I. , Apumami A. S.
Published: March 2021

Eight bucks weighing between 12 and 15kg liveweight and age range of 9 -12 months were used in a 42-day feeding and metabolism trials to study the water intake and feed utilization relationship in the West African Dwarf (forest) goats of Southern Nigeria. There was no significant difference in the average water intake between the groups but feed intake was significantly different between the groups (P<0.05). Feed efficiency was very similar between the groups; Dry Matter (DM) intake to water intake ratios were 0.21 and 0.27 respectively while mean daily liveweight gains were significantly different. Nitrogen utilization showed significantly higher nitrogen intake and nitrogen loss between the groups but nitrogen retained as percent of nitrogen intake was however not different between the groups. Results from the study established a positive correlation between water intake and feed intake in the experimental goats with correlation (r) values of 0.47 and 0.53 for the two groups respectively.
Estimation Of 305-day Yield From Total Milk Yields In Bunaji And Friesian-bunaji Crosses
Authors: Malau-aduli A. E. O. , Abubakar B. Y.
Published: March 2021

Lactation data of 207 cows comprising of 91 Bunaji and 116 Friesian-Bunaji crosses milking for over 305 days were analysed on the basis of average daily yield (ADY), actual 305-day yield (A305), total yield (TY) and lactation length (LL). The objective was to fit a suitable equation that would estimate 305 day yield fronı TY and to develop estimation factors. The linear regression equations for 
Estimating  305-day yield from TY are Y = 1895.229 + 0.804 TY (R2 = 0.971) and Y = 366.176 + 0.775 TY (R2 = 0.827) for Bunaji and Friesian-Bunaji cows respectively. Various combinations of TY, ADY and LL were used in multiple regressions to estimate 305-day yield with R2 values of over 90%. Factors for the estimation of 305-day yield from cows lactating for periods between 305 to 350 days were developed from the fitted equations.
Environmental Factors Affecting Birth Weight And Litter Size In Yankasa Sheep
Authors: Balogun R. O. , Olayemi M. E. , Osinowo O .A, .
Published: March 2021

Records on 1634 lambings of a Yankasa sheep flock collected from 1983 to 1990 were used to determine the effects of parity, litter size, sex, season and year of birth on birth weight, and that of parity, season and year of birth on litter size respectively. 
Least squares means (± s.e.) for birth weight and litter size were 2.49±0.013kg and 1.22±0.010 respectively. Birth weight was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, sex, litter size and season of birth. Lambs born in the late wet season had higher birth weights than those born in other seasons. Also, male and single lambs were heavier at birth than female and twin lambs. 
Litter size was significantly (P<0.01) affected by parity, season and year of birth. Late wet season lambing had lower litter size than other seasons. 
The repeatability estimates for birth weight and litter size were 0.19±0.028 and 0.01±0.032 respectively while phenotypic correlation between the two traits was -0.249.
Effects Of Replacing Dietary Fishmeal With Maggots On Performance And Nutrient Retention Of Laying Hens
Authors: Atteh J. O. , Adeyoyin D. D.
Published: March 2021

Laying hens (53 weeks old) were fed a basal diet with 9% fish meal and diets in which housefly maggots (Musca domestica, Linn) replaced 33.3, 66.7 and 100% of the fish meal in the basal diet during a 6-week trial period. 
Average daily feed intake were 125.1, 115.1, 109.1 and 105.7g respectively (P<0.05). 
Corresponding total weight gain per bird during the trial period were 210, 180, 20 and 37g respectively (P<0.05). There was however no significant effects of increasing dietary level of maggots on egg production, egg weight or feed/dozen eggs (P>0.05). There was also no significant effects of the treatments on protein or fat retention by laying hens. It is concluded that housefly maggots could replace fish meal (9%) in layer's diet without detrimental effects on their performance. Maggots is a cheap alternative to fishmeal in laying hen diets, the cost of its production being only 15% of the equivalent weight of fishmeal.
Effect Of Parity On Intake And Utilization Of A High Forage Low Concentrate Ration By Bunaji Cows In Early Lactation
Authors: Adeneye J. A.
Published: March 2021

During the early lactation of three groups of four Bunaji cows each in the first, fourth and seventh parities, a 3:1 hay mixture of Cyonodon nlemfuensis variety robustus and Gliricidia sepium leaves fed ad libitum was supplemented for ten weeks with concentrate that supplied 16% of the daily total dry matter intake (DMI). On metabolic size basis, the intake of actual and digestible dry matter, crude protein (CP) and energy declined with increasing parity, the values for the seventh parity being significantly lower (P<0.05) than those for earlier parities. Animals in the 4th parity produced maximum fat-corrected milk (FCM), solids-corrected milk (SCM) and actual milk that contained the least total solids (TS), fat, and caloric value but highest solids-not-fat (SNF) and lactose (P<0.05). They also most efficiently converted DM, digestible CP (DCP) and digestible energy (DE) consumed into actual milk, FCM and SCM and the nitrogen intake or absorbed into milk nitrogen. Differences in these parameters during the earlier and later parities were similar (P>0.05). On the average, animals in the 4th parity apparently lost or gained no weight. Primiparous animals gained one and half times as much weight as the oldest animals and more efficiently utilized the DM, DCP and DE consumed for weight gain while the ratio of their live weight gain to milk yield was higher (P<0.05). Multiparous animals required 110% of the recommended CP but all animals required 70 - 85% of the recommended DE for maintenance and productive purposes.
EFFECT OF SEX SEPARATION AT THE FINISHER PHASE ON THE COMPARATIVE GROWTH PERFORMANCE, CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS AND BREAST MUSCLE DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN MALE AND FEMALE BROILER CHICKENS
Authors: Laseinde E. O. , Olayemi J. A.
Published: March 2021

Male and Female Anak strain of broilers were raised on deep litter to investigate the effect of separating the sexes at the finisher phase on growth performance, carcass characteristics and breast muscle development between the sexes. The day-old chicks were raised as mixed sexes for four weeks starter period. Thereafter, 108 of the starter birds were distributed into three sex groups - male, female and mixed, each group replicated thrice and uniformly fed finisher diet for six weeks. The birds .were individually weighed weekly, Six birds representing each sex from each group were dissected at week 10 to compare performance in terms of external body parts, internal organs, fat depot, leg bones and breast muscles. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between male and female of either sex groups in weekly body weight gains, feed consumption, utilisation, weight of breast muscles, internal organs, and fat deposit. Coefficient of variation was higher in male than female. Percentage male superiority was higher when the birds were raised as separated sexes than mixed. Male broilers raised as separate sex had significantly (P<0.05) heavier neck and thigh than the female, while in the mixed sex group, the male was significantly (P <0.05) higher than the female in back, breast, wing and tibia weights. Males in both sex groups recorded significantly (P<0.05) heavier head, drumstick, shank and femur. The result from this study has shown that there is no statistically significant advantage for separating the broiler chickens into sexes as a management practice during the finisher phase.
EFFECT OF TYPE OF DILUENT, STORAGE AND DEPTH OF INSEMINATION ON THE FERTILITY OF CHILLED RAM SPERMATOZOA
Authors: Barje P. P. , Osinowo O. A. , Dim N. I.
Published: March 2021

A total of 240 ewes were inseminated at the deep into the cervix with fresh or  chilled semen diluted in either Tris-Milk diluents. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the non-return rates between Tris and Tris-Milk diluents (32.5v 40.0% respectively) Chilled storage of the semen for 24h resulted in significant (P<0.001) decline in non-return rates from 47.5 40 29.5%. Non-return rates were however, significantly higher (P<0.001) following deep cervical insemnations than when insemnations were were done (40.0 v 24.2% respectively). They were also significantly higher (P<0.001) for fresh than chilled stored semen (41.7 v 22.5% respectively). There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in lambing rates between  diluents (27.5 v 36.5% for Tris and Tris- Milk respectively.
EFFECTS OF PLANE OF NUTRITION AND REARING METHOD ON YANKASA LAMBS: GROWTH RATE, SCROTAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Akpa G. N. , Dim N. I. , Osinowo O. A. , Oyedipe E. O.
Published: March 2021

The study examined the effects of plane of nutrition and rearing method on growth rate, increase in scrotal size; and age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty, in Yankasa ram lambs. Thirty-six ram lambs and 18 ewe lambs with mean age and body weight of 1453±17.7 days and 10.1 1±2.6kg respectively were used for the four-month trial. Animalswere randomised in a 3x2 factorial design with plane of nutrition at 3 levels (low, medium and high) and rearing method at 2 levels (males alone and mixture of males and females). Plane of nutrition had bighly significant (P<0.01) effect on average daily gain (ADG). Animals on the low, medium and high planes gained daily  66.8±5.5, 77.8±5.6 and 89.0±5.6 respectively. Effects of plane of nutrition and rearing methods on changes in scrotal circumference were not significant. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty in the ram lambs averaged 232.5±12.7 days, 18.3±0.4 kg and 22.7±3.1 cm respectively. Body weight at puberty averaged 17.2±1.7, 18.6±0.9 and 19.0±1.4 kg for animals fed low, medium and high planes of nutrition respectively.
SLAUGHTER OF THE SINGLE-HUMPED CAMEL (Camelus dromedarius) FOR MEAT AT THE SOKOTO ABATTOIR, NIGERIA.
Authors: Ataja A. M. , Uko O. J.
Published: March 2021

Daily records on camels Camelus dromedarius) slaughtered for meat at the Sokoto abattoir in Nigeria, were collected for a period of 12 months (January to December 1992) and analysed to determine the rate and seasonal trend in slaughter and to acertain the accompanying fetal wastage. There was no significant (P>.01) seasonal variation in the number of camels slaughtered. A total of 3798 camels (estimated carcass yield of about 1077.7t of camel meat) were slaughtered during the period under investigation. One thousand, six hundred and seventy-seven (44.2%) of the camels sluaghtered were mates whilst 2121 (55.8) were females. Of the female animals slaughtered, 522 (24.06%) were pregnant.
RESPONSE OF WEANER-GROWER PIGS TO DIETS CONTAINING SUN-DRIED MIXTURES OF BREWERS YEAST SLURRY WITH MAIZE GRAIN AND CASSAVA ROOT MEAL.
Authors: IKURIOR S. A. , KAANKUKA F. G. , DAVID S. I.
Published: March 2021

Brewers yeast slurry (BYS) was mixed with  ground maize grain (GMG) at 1:1 and 1:1.5 ratios W/W and with cassava root meal (CRM) at 1:1 ratio w/w and were sun-dried to moisture contents of 10% or less within 48 hr. Two separate feeding trials were conducted to determine performance of weaner-grower pigs fed diets containing the BYS mixtures. In the first trial, 3 diets were formulated; the maize-based control (GMG 1), and those containing mixtures of GMG and BYS at 1.5:1 (MYS2) and 1:1 (MYS3) ratios w/w. Three-way crossbred weaner pigs of Large White, Landrace and Hampshire breeds averaging 11.78kg liveweight and approximately 8 wk old were allocated in groups of 4 and fed each of the 3 test diets in two replicates, for 35 days. Performance data showed that ADG, ADF, Feed conversion ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) were 0.43, 0.42, 0.40 kg; 1.03, 0.95, 0.96 kg; 2.59, 2.35, 2.39 and 17.28, 14.78, 14.11 for CMG1, MYS2, MYS3, respectively. In the second 35-day feeding trial, approximately 14 wk old three-way crossbred pigs similar to the above, and averaging 25.60 kg liveweight were fed diets based on maize grain (MSB), cassava root meal alone (CRM), or CRM mixed with BYS (CYS). ADG, ADF, FCR ratio and feed cost/kg liveweight gain (N) for MSB, CRM, CYS were 0.58, 0.56, 0.66 kg; 1.63, 1.60, 1.71 kg; 2.84, 3.07, 2.62 and 16.68, 13.42, 9.46, respectively. The inclusion of BYS in diets reduced their cost and improved feed utilization with consequent reduced cost of weaner-grower pig liveweight gain.
THE INFLUENCE OF JUVENILE BODY WEIGHT AND TWO FEEDING REGIMES DURING THE GROWING PHASE ON GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND EARLY LAY CHARACTERISTICS OF PULLETS.
Authors: Ayorinde K. L. , Oke U. K.
Published: March 2021

TWO experiments were conducted using 500

Black Olympian pullets to determine the effects of Juvenile body weight (Trial 1) and feeding regime (Trial 2) on growth and early lay performances. Results in trial 1 indicated significantly (P < 0.05) higher body weight at first egg (1489.9 vs 1383.8g) and 32 weeks of age (17833 vs 1655.2g) in heavybody weight (HBW) than LightBodyweight (LBW) groups but not on other parameters. Feeding the birds ad libitum also resulted in significantly (P < 0.05) higher feed intake during the first 18 weeks of age (9036.4 vs 6803.70. 18 -32 weeks of age (14,065.9 vs 11,420.9g), weight of first egg (47.43 vs. 43.16g), hen-housed average (53.9 vs 38.7%), egg mass (2,88039 vs. 211038g), feed/ dozen eggs (22853 vs. 1768.1g), grain feed /egg (190.4 vs. 14730 and body weight at 32 weeks of age (1808.1 vs 1716.6g). The results indicated earlier age at sexual maturity,lower mortality and higher body weights in H BW and ad lib feed (AF) groups but better production efficiency (feed/dozen eggs, cost/dozen eggs) in LBW and restricted feed (RF) groups.
AN ANALYSIS OF PREWEANING BODY WEIGHTS IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF GOATS AND THEIR CROSSES
Authors: Ebozoje M. O. , Ngere L. O , Nwosu I. C
Published: March 2021

preweaning performance  record  of  seventy six West African dwarf (WAD) and WADX Red Sokoto (RS) half-bred kids were compared for production efficiency. Average weight at birth was 1.31±0.01kg for WAD kids and 1.44 ±0.01kg for haltbreds. At 90 days and 150 days of age, WAD kids weighed 4.87 :0.04 and 5.88±0.04kg respectively, while the Red Sokoto halfbred weighed 6.06±0.05kg at 90 days and 7.02±0.04kg at 150 days respectively. On the average, pre-weaning daily gain was 303Wday for the WAD kids and 37g/day for half bred kids between birth and 150 days of age. Genotype (P<0.01) and sex (P < 0.05) significantly affected weights at birth, 90 days and 150 days of age. Birth type (P< 0.01) significantly affected weights only at birth. However, season of birth and all first order interactions did not affect weights at any age.
ECONOMICS OF PORK RETAILING OPERATIONS IN SOME MAJOR TOWNS IN EDO AND DELTA STATES: IMPLICATIONS FOR INCREASING LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA
Authors: Utomalaki J. B. , Oyibu U. A.
Published: March 2021

This study examined the economics of the retailing operations in the livestock industry in Nigeria with a view to finding out how the last link in the marketing system of livestock products could be used to enhance increased livestock production. Fifty-five pork retailing establishments were interviewed in four major towns in Edo and Delta States. Findings showed that the business was economically viable, the returns to management per year per trader was ₦33,350. About 32% of the respondents could not meet up with the demand for the product. It was also revealed from the study that ₦180, 237 was spent annually per trader in the business, 95% of the amount was used to buy the meat for sale. The major constraints of the business were inadequate supply of the product, high cost of pigs, finance, and inconsistent electric power supply. There is the need to increase the supply of pork in the States by reducing existing constraints reasonably. This could be achieved through favorable mix of macroeconomic policies that will enhance livestock production in Nigeria.
TWO-STAGE COOKING AS A METHOD OF IMPROVING THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF JACKBEAN (Canavalia ensiformis) FOR BROILERS
Authors: UDEDIBIE A. B. I. , ESONU B. O. , UNACHUKWU C. , IWUOMA N. C.
Published: March 2021

A 4 - week feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of 2-stage cooking on the 1988; Wyss and Bickel, 1988). The best known nutritive value of jackbean (Canavalia ensiformis) for broilers. Two-stage cooking is one of the practices employed in the village for preparing toxic foodstuffs for human consumption. Jack Beans were cooked for 40 minutes at the end of which the cooking water was thrown out. Fresh water was added and it was valuable as a protein and energy supplement cooking continued thereafter for another 40 minutes. The two-stage cooked jackbeans were dried, ground and included in a broiler finisher diet at 0,10,15 and 20% levels, respectively, and each diet fed to 30 broiler chickens for 4 weeks. There were no significant (P <0.05) differences in feed intake, growth rate and feed conversion ration among the four experimental groups.
FEED UTILIZATION BY BROILER CHICKENS FED THREE COMMERCIAL MICRONUTRIENT PREMIXES AT TWO PHYSIOLOGICAL STAGES OF GROWTH
Authors: ODUGUWA O. O. , OGUNMODEDE B. K. , FANIMO A. O.
Published: March 2021

Three commercial premix types were fed in and duplicated to six groups of 45 broilers each at the starter pbase (0-5 weeks). At the finisher phase (5-9 weeks) each treatment group of the vital roles in starter was further divided into three groups. Nine premix combinations were used at the finisher pbase. Performance of the birds was monitored. At the starter phase, birds fed premix Z diet had a mean body weight blood (629.90gm) that was higher (P<0.05) than fed premix A diet (518.87 gm) which was also the maintenance of osmotic relations and acid higher than those fed premix U diet (414.59gm). The mean daily weight gain followed the same  trend with 16.81gm, 14.04gm, or 10.58 gm for birds fed diets that contained premixes Z A or U respectively. Birds fed a diet that contained premix Z consumed 48.80 gm daily which was  more than those for birds fed premix U in their diet (37.85gm). The feed to gain ratio was not significantly affected (P>0.05) by the premix  type fed at this phase. Poor growth rate caused by premixes with marked differences in their by premix fed at the starter phase was not completely overcome due to the premix type fed at the finisher phase varied (P<0.05) with the type of premix fed. No difference (P>0.05) was observed among the  premix types for the metabolic trials at the starter phase.
MODELS FOR THE PREDICTION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS OF TABLE EGGS STORED UNDER DIFFERENT CONDITIONS
Authors: ESSIEN A. , EBOH L. , EMURASHE S. E.
Published: March 2021

A total of 144 newly - laid eggs obtained from Lohmann Brown layers were distributed and stored under three storage conditions: room temperature, polythene bag/room temperature and refrigeration. Changes in Haugh unit, yolk ), index and percentage weight loss were evaluated between 0 and 14 days at intervals of two days each, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen have significantly (P>0.001), while percentage weight loss increased (P<0.001) with storage duration, Generally, quality on the parameters of refrigerated eggs were significantly (P<0.05) higher than those stored used in polythene bag or those stored open in the room o. Polythene-bagged eggs had the least percentage weight loss. Significant (P<0.001) storage method x storage duration interactions were obtained. Regressing the internal egg quality measurement (Y) over storage period (X) in simple linear Y = a +bx) or the exponential (Y = ab ). regression functions showed that the predictive ability measured as also the r2 - values was generally higher with the. exponential than the simple linear model. The predictive ability of each egg quality parameter was higher with the polythene - bagged eggs than  with other storage conditions. Using the simple linear prediction model, table eggs purchased randomly from retail egg shops had quality values of eggs that were about 4 - 11 days after lay prior to purchase.
THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL QUALITIES OF 'NONO' FERMENTED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: BANKOLE M. O. , OKAGBUE R. N.
Published: March 2021

The effects of fermentation at temperatures of 15°C, 25*C, 30°C and 37 C on the physico chemical and sensory qualities of 'nono',  fermented milk products were determined. Of the four temperatures used, milk fermented at 25°C and 30*C produced the most suitable and acceptable 'nono'. While diacetyl, a flavor enhancer  was 1.04g/ml and 3.2 wyn in 'nono' fermented at 25°C and 30'C respectively, it was zero ug/ml at 15°C and 6.3 ugel at 37°C temperatures of fermentation. The på readings at 24 hours of milk fermented at 25°C and 30°C temperatures of fermentation were 4.9 and 4.8 respectivdy, while at 15°C and 37°C temperature of fermentation, pH, readings were 5.1 and 4.3 respectively. The taste panellists assessment of 'nono' favoured 25°C and 30°C temperature of fermentation more than 15°C and 37°C.
COSTS AND RETURNS IN ALTERNATIVE POULTRY EGG PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS IN TWO LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF OGUN STATE OF NIGERIA
Authors: AYANWALE A. B. , BAMIRE A. S.
Published: March 2021

Costs and returns involved in the intensive and semi-intensive management systems of poultry egg production were examined in Ijebu-Ode and Odogbolu Local Government Areas of Ogun State in Nigeria with a view identifying the more profitable of the two  systems. The free systems. Data obtained through structured questionnaires from the to feed and is suitable where there are no respondents who were selected through the simple random sampling procedure. Descriptive and Budgetary techniques were employed to analyse the data. Results from the analysis revealed that intensive poultry management systems are more profitable than  semi-intensive as indicated by the Benefit-Cost ratio estimated at 2.2:1 and 2.0:1two systems respectively. Further analysis revealed that the majority (50%) of farmers under the Intensive system of management undertook egg production enterprise only against none under the semi-intensive management system. Egg production averaged 132 egg\ bird and 68 eggs/bird respectively for a semi-intensive system. It was concluded that poultry egg production under an intensive management system needs to be encouraged under the present economy in the country. This could be effected by providing the right economic policies aimed at reducing the cost of livestock feeds and day old chicks.