bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Relationship between Self-Esteem and the English Learning Achievement of Students at SMU Advent Klabat Manado
Authors: Marpaung Marlin Steffi , Wenas Deicy Silvia
Published: September 2019

The study sought to find out the significant relationship between self-esteem and the English learning achievement of students at SMU Advent Klabat Manado and to know whether it was high or low. Furthermore, this study was also to find out whether there is significant difference between males and females in their level of self-esteem. The subjects of this study were the second-year students of SMU Advent Klabat Manado. There were 50 students who were chosen randomly to become the sample. They were 26 female students and 24 male students. The data were obtained from a self-constructed questionnaire based on Coopersmithâ€™s concept of self-esteem. To answer the main problem of this study, the Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient Correlation formula was used. The result indicated that there is significant relationship between self-esteem and the English learning achievement of students at SMU Advent Klabat Manado. Therefore, the null hypothesis which said there is no significant relationship between self-esteem and the English learning achievement of students at SMU Advent Klabat Manado, was rejected. Moreover, the results showed a significant difference between males and females in their level of self-esteem. It was recommended that English teachers at SMU Advent Klabat Manado should explore more possibilities of serving the students in learning English particularly by cultivating their self-esteem, for it will significantly contributed to their achievement in English. Moreover, English teachers of SMU Advent Klabat Manado should treat the male and female students differently. Since the female students have higher self-esteem than the male, so male, especially, should be encouraged to cultivate their self-esteem so they will gain higher achievement in English. On the other hand, students need to appreciate themselves, and their own ability as the gift of God, for the self-esteem they have contributed to or increase their ability to learn the English language. A study with a broader sample should be done for further study using a similar methodology and instrumentation. Furthermore, future research should replicate this study using other levels such as elementary, junior high school, and college. Â  Key words: Self-esteem, English learning, Achievement
A Comparative Study between Presentation, Practice, Productive (PPP) and Artworks Techniques toward the Enhancement of Studentsâ€™ Descriptive Writing Skills
Authors: Silalahi Fransisca Masta
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to find out whether there is any significant difference in enhancing studentsâ€™ descriptive writing skills between students who acquires Presentation, Practice, Production (PPP) and students who acquires Artworks Technique. This is a quantitative study, utilizing comparative design in order to compare different treatments toward studentsâ€™ enhancement in descriptive writing skills. The researcher compares the result through pre-test and post-test. After analyzing the data, the researcher found out after being treated using two techniques: PPP and Artworks, studentsâ€™ skills in descriptive writing is achieved. However, the normalized gain score falls in Low criterion. Aside from that, based on the data analysis there is significant difference between two techniques: PPP and Artworks in enhancing studentsâ€™ descriptive writing skills. In addition to that, the students give positive response after being treated. From the response questionnaire, the mean score falls in High criterion. The scope and delimitations of this study evolve around components of two techniques: PPP and Artworks to provide insights toward enhancing studentsâ€™ ability in writing descriptive text. Â  Keywords Presentation Practice Production (PPP), Artworks, Descriptive Writing Skills Â
The Comparison Between START and TAI Models in Improving SMP Studentsâ€™ ReadingComprehension Ability
Authors: Sihombing Triumph , Katemba Caroline Victorine
Published: September 2019

This study was aimed to see whether there was a significant difference of students' improvements in reading comprehension ability after applying START (Students and teacher Actively Reading Text) and T-A-I (Team Assisted Individualization) models. This study used a quantitative research method and comparative design. The participants of the study were 63 students that were divided of two groups. Class VIIB students were taught through the START model and VIIC students were taught through T-A-I model. The conclusion is: There was an improvement in reading comprehensions ability of students who were taught using START, categorized as moderate and T-A-I cooperative learning models, categorized as low. Moreover, there is a difference in the students reading comprehension improvement between those who acquired START and T-A-I teaching models. Â  Keywords: Reading comprehension ability, Narrative Text, Descriptive Text, START, T-A-I, Teaching Model.
Analyzing Errors in Academic Essays Written by English Department Students
Authors: Kurniati Ruri Fadhilah
Published: September 2019

English Department students are expected to be able to write an academic essay as they learn the theories of writing an academic essay in Writing courses. Yet, their academic essays still contain structure errors. This study aims to analyze the structure errors in the fields of unity and coherence. The methods of this study are first identifying the structure errors on the data and second classifying the errors on whether the error is about the unity or coherence. The finding shows a significant number of errors on unity and coherence in most paragraphs of the essays.
Administración policial en democracia
Authors: Villalobos García Luis
Published: September 2019

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo proponer elementos conceptuales y procedimentalesdel manejo administrativo de las corporaciones de policía, entendida como laactividad de gestión de la función policial requerida para el cumplimiento de sumandato institucional, manejo que está articulado por tres dimensiones y categoríasde análisis: a) política, b) derecho y c) administración. Al proponer y establecerestos componentes, se busca sistematizar y ordenar los enfoques analíticos dela administración policial. Sistematizar y ordenar, para este trabajo, implica reflexionary proponer los componentes de la praxis administrativa de las corporacionesde policía, para sustentar desempeños en términos de legitimidad, legalidadasí como de eficiencia y eficacia en el cumplimiento de sus objetivos.
Migración centroamericana en tránsito por México: su tratamiento en el actual marco normativo migratorio
Authors: Zamudio Juana Luisa Ríos
Published: September 2019

En el presente trabajo se sostiene que dos de los principales factores que llevarona la adopción de la ley de migración en 2011 fueron, por un lado, la crecientemigración irregular en su modalidad de migración en tránsito y los problemas deviolencia que en torno a ella se desarrollaron y, por el otro, las numerosas recomendacioneselaboradas por diversos organismos internacionales de derechoshumanos. Se explica cómo en relación a estos dos elementos, la ley de migraciónno ha cumplido de forma satisfactoria el objetivo para la cual fue creada, esto es,ser un marco garante de los derechos humanos de los migrantes irregulares.
Políticas públicas para contrarrestar la escalada de las enfermedades crónico no transmisibles en México (2001-2015)
Authors: Ramos Valencia Jimmy Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

El presente documento tiene como objetivo analizar las políticas públicas de combatea la dispersión e incremento de las enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles(ECTN) en México del año 2001 hasta el 2015. Tal objetivo plantea mostrar quela incidencia de la problemática de salud requiere que las reformas estructuralesincidan en las políticas públicas para el combate del incremento de las enfermedadescrónicas no transmisibles. La elección de las enfermedades responde a losllamados de atención de los organismos internacionales hacia los países de altosy medianos ingresos ante el incremento de la dispersión de la problemática desalud en el mundo. El artículo es una reflexión que pugna por ir más allá del análisisde los indicadores médicos y económicos que deben contrastarse con la informacióncualitativa recabada con las herramientas del método etnográfico. La propuestadel diseño de estrategias de evaluación desde el método etnográfico es paraaportar información sobre los procesos de las dinámicas de combate implementadaspara contar con información de las experiencias y narrativas, tanto de los enfermos,como de todo el personal de salud encargado de implementarlas.
La política exterior de México y la constitución de 1917
Authors: Monjaraz Alejandro
Published: September 2019

Reseña de libro
Spielemusik und Musikspiele
Authors: Juenger Ellen
Published: September 2019

Als ästhetisches und gestalterisches Element ist Musik längst zu einem wichtigen Bestandteil von Computerspielen geworden. Vielfach unbeachtet blieb bisher hingegen die Funktion der Musik als Bestandteil der Spielstruktur als solcher. Diese Beziehungen zwischen Musik und Spiel sollen im folgenden Text näher betrachtet werden. Es wird zu zeigen sein, dass die Musik und Spiel- bzw. Regelstruktur eng miteinander verknüpft sind und auseinander hervorgehen, indem die Musik einerseits die Gestaltung der Spielstruktur beeinflusst (wie beispielsweise in Rhythm- Action-Games) und/oder andererseits auf die Regel- und Spielstruktur (z. B. in First- Person-Shootern) zurückverweist.
Verborgenes Wissen – Hidden Knowledge
Authors: Bunzel Susanne , Naether Franziska
Published: September 2019

Alle kulturellen Leistungen sind für uns zugänglich, da sie weitergegeben, erlernt und archiviert werden. Vieles Wissen ist und bleibt dennoch im Verborgenen. Die Digitalisierung von Wissen ermöglicht die Verfügbarkeit einer Masse von Informationen und daraus resultiert der Bedarf, aus der Fülle von Informationen, die nützlichen von den unwichtigen zu unterscheiden. Verborgenes Wissen kann mühsam erlernt, sich körperlich angeeignet, in Archiven aufgestöbert, digitalisiert gefiltert und immer wieder neu entdeckt werden. Wir haben Leipziger Promovierende auf ihren Entdeckungsreisen durch die Welt der Erkenntnisse und bei der Bergung des verschütteten Wissens begleitet und stellen ihre Beiträge vor.
Prediksi financial distress dalam mengukur kinerja perusahaan manufaktur
Authors: Sulastri Eko , Zannati Rachma
Published: September 2019

This study aims to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of Current Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, Total Debt to Equity, and Net Profit Margin on Financial Distress measured using EPS (Earning per Share). The object of this study is the automotive and component manufacturing and textile and garment sector manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the 2013-2017 period. Based on the purposive sampling method, based on predetermined criteria, 25 companies were selected as research samples. The analytical technique used is logistic regression. The results showed that the effect of Current Ratio, Total Asset Turn Over, positive had no effect on Financial Distress, while Total Debt to Equity, and Net Profit Margin were positive and significant towards Financial Distress
Kualitas situs web, kepercayaan, dan loyalitas konsumen Tokopedia
Authors: Pohan Fanny Suzuda , Aulia Zida Fajar
Published: September 2019

The purposes of this research are to determine the effect of the website quality on the Tokopedia’s customer trust, and the effect of trust on Tokopedia's customer loyalty. As an independent variable, website quality was reflected by information, security, convenience, comfort, and service. Data was collected using questionnaires on 100 respondents through a non-probability sampling approach. Structural Equation Modeling PLS was used to model testing. The results show that the partial factors of website quality (information and security) have a significant effect on customer trust and trust has a significant effect on Tokopedia's customer loyalty. Implications and suggestions are discussed in the paper.
Pengaruh sales promotion terhadap impulse buying konsumen
Authors: Zahara Rita
Published: September 2019

This research is conducted to analyze the influence of sales promotion on impulsive buying  at ABC Hypermarket in East Jakarta. The aims of this research is also to know the sales promotion that influence the impulse buying, supporting factors and how the problems take place. The descriptive-verificative method is used in this research. Data collection methods are literature and field studies. Field study covers observation, interview and structural questionnaires. The questionnaires are given to 45  consumers at ABC Hypermarket in East Jakarta. The sistematic sampling is used as sampling technique. Data are analyzed by qualitative analysis and correlation regresion analysis. The analysis confirms that there are influences of sales promotion on impulse buying at ABC Hypermarket in West Jakarta.  That is, if  sales promotion is carefully done, it will increase impulse buying
Pengaruh kompetensi auditor independen dan tekanan anggaran waktu terhadap pendeteksian fraud
Authors: Rosiana Presti , Putra Indra Mahardika , Setiawan Yopie Aprianto
Published: September 2019

This study aims to examine the effect of independent auditor competencies and time budget pressures on fraud detection. The population of this study is the auditors in the Jakarta area. Data collection in this study uses the survey method. Statistical testing uses multiple linear regression analysis with a significance level of 5%. The type of research used is quantitative by using a population of auditors working at the Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in DKI Jakarta. Data is obtained by distributing questionnaires to auditors who meet the criteria. The results of this study, it can be concluded that Auditor Competency has an effect on Fraud Detection, but Time Budget Pressure has no effect on Fraud Detection.
Penawaran terbatas waktu Mcdonald’s ‘ini rasa kita’ pada perilaku konsumen di tiga generasi
Authors: Putlia Grace
Published: September 2019

The rapid development of technology has led to the habit of taking part in changes in various generations, including Indonesia which has the interest in consuming fast food. Many foreign famous brands become favorites, for them to compete. The right marketing strategy. One of the fast-food McDonald's restaurants from America that wants to continue to exist by issuing the program 'Ini Rasa Kita' which released two cultures. Western-style menus in the form of burgers, have now been made by lifting Indonesian specialties into buger rendang and balado burgers. This program uses the LTO (Limited Time Offer) system in hopes of increasing sales figures. Using qualitative research methods with case study designs, this study interviewed 15 informants from three different generations. The final results state that dominant informants are more likely to be able to receive limited time offers. In line with this, limited time offers stated that they did have anti-competitive features, however, all informants stated that limited time offer proposals could not oppose them.
Stres peran dan kinerja karyawan: pengujian model hubungan inverted-U
Authors: Hendryadi Hendryadi
Published: September 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of role stress (role overload, role ambiguity, and role conflict) on the frontline employees' performance. The study employs a direct survey through a self-administered questionnaire handed out to 132 employees in the restaurant business in Jakarta, Indonesia. Hierarchical Regression Analysis is used to test the hypotheses. The finding of the study shows that the role conflict and role ambiguity affects negatively to the performance, while role overload has a positive effect. The locus of control moderation role is supported in the role of role overload and role ambiguity, but not in the role conflict - performance relationship. The implication for managers is that efforts need to be made to reduce role conflict and role ambiguity because it has negative implications on employee performance. While the excess of roles perceived by employees is maintained at a moderate level to maintain employee performance.
Penerapan Akad Ijarah Pada Produk Pembiayaan Pengurusan Porsi Haji Di KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan Ditinjau Dari Fatwa DSN-MUI
Authors: Fikki Danis Amwalul
Published: September 2019

Purpose- This study discusses the application of the Ijarah Agreement on Financing Products for the Management of Hajj Portions at KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan Judging from the DSN-MUI Fatwa.

Methods- This research is a type of field research with a type of qualitative approach. The data used in this study are primary data obtained from interviews and secondary data obtained from research at KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan. Data were analyzed descriptively, namely data collected in the form of words, images and not numbers. The method of data collection by interviews, documents, and observations.

Findings- The results of the study show that financing using the ijarah contract has followed the rules of the MUI DSN Fatwa. It can be stated that KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan has implemented the DSN-MUI Fatwa in each of its products and the Sharia Supervisory Board has always exercised strict control over the application of fatwas at the KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan

Implications/limitations - This study is a case study and is only carried out in one agency so that future studies can expand the study area to increase generalization.

Adapun hasil penelitian ini, bahwa pembiayaan ini menggunakan akad ijarah sesuai dengan yang diperintahkan dalam Fatwa DSN MUI. Hal ini sesuai dengan yang disampaikan oleh Dewan Pengawas Syariah KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan. Dari uraian di atas dapat disimpulkan bahwa KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan melaksanakan Fatwa DSN-MUI dalam setiap produknya dan Dewan Pengawas Syariah selalu melakukan kontrol yang ketat terhadap penerapan fatwa di KSPPS Kopena Pekalongan.
EXPLORING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CEO CHARACTERISTICS AND PERFORMANCE
Authors: Garcia-Blandon Josep , Argilés-Bosch Josep M. , Ravenda Diego
Published: September 2019

This article examines the relationship between CEO characteristics and firm performance with a sample formed by the best performing CEOs in the world according to Harvard Business Review. The empirical analysis is based on descriptive statistics techniques and studies the universe of CEOs included in the 2016 ranking “The Best-Performing CEOs in the World” released by Harvard Business Review. Moreover, it addresses performance at various levels: financial performance, environmental, social and governance performance (ESG) and overall performance. The findings of the study show: 1) a strongly negative association between financial and ESG performance; 2) outsider CEOs outperform insider CEOs in overall performance; 3) CEOs with engineering degrees show significantly higher ESG performance; 4) CEOs with longer tenures in the firm present stronger financial performance though weaker ESG performance; and 5) the CEO’s country of origin emerges as an important driver to explain the different types of performance. Results in this field contradict the conventional wisdom of Anglo-Saxon CEOs as the best performers CEOs.
CHIME/FRB Detection of the Original Repeating Fast Radio Burst Source FRB 121102
Authors: Josephy A. , Chawla P. , Fonseca E. , Ng C. , Patel C. , Pleunis Z. , Scholz P. , Andersen B. C. , Bandura K. , Bhardwaj M. , Boyce M. M. , Boyle P. J. , Brar C. , Cubranic D. , Dobbs M. , Gaensler B. M. , Gill A. , Giri U. , Good D. C. , Halpern M. , Hinshaw G. , Kaspi V. M. , Landecker T. L. , Lang D. A. , Lin H.-H. , Masui K. W. , Mckinven R. , Mena-Parra J. , Merryfield M. , Michilli D. , Milutinovic N. , Naidu A. , Pen U. , Rafiei-Ravandi M. , Rahman M. , Ransom S. M. , Renard A. , Siegel S. R. , Smith K. M. , Stairs I. H. , Tendulkar S. P. , Vanderlinde K. , Yadav P. , Zwaniga A. V.
Published: September 2019

We report the detection of a single burst from the first-discovered repeating fast radio burst (FRB) source, FRB 121102, with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME) telescope, which operates in the frequency band 400–800 MHz. The detected burst occurred on 2018 November 19 and its emission extends down to at least 600 MHz, the lowest frequency detection of this source yet. The burst, detected with a significance of 23.7σ, has fluence 12 ± 3 Jy ms and shows complex time and frequency morphology. The 34 ms width of the burst is the largest seen for this object at any frequency. We find evidence of subburst structure that drifts downward in frequency at a rate of −3.9 ± 0.2 MHz ms−1. Our best fit tentatively suggests a dispersion measure of 563.6 ± 0.5 pc cm−3, which is  ≈ 1% higher than previously measured values. We set an upper limit on the scattering time at 500 MHz of 9.6 ms, which is consistent with expectations from the extrapolation from higher-frequency data. We have exposure to the position of FRB 121102 for a total of 11.3 hr within the FWHM of the synthesized beams at 600 MHz from 2018 July 25 to 2019 February 25. We estimate on the basis of this single event an average burst rate for FRB 121102 of 0.1–10 per day in the 400–800 MHz band for a median fluence threshold of 7 Jy ms in the stated time interval.
Lunar Xenon and the Origin of the Indigenous Component
Authors: Mathew K. J. , Marti K.
Published: September 2019

Lunar indigenous Xe isotopic abundances provide crucial information on relationships not only between gas reservoirs in the solar protoplanetary disk but also regarding planetary fractionation processes and possible space weather effects due to an active young Sun. The indigenous lunar Xe isotopic composition is not yet firmly established. A verification of previously inferred lunar Xe signatures using rocks of varying compositions from Apollo 16 and 17 missions is made here. Ancient lunar highland rocks carry cosmic-ray-produced spallation and neutron-capture products, fission components due to 244Pu and 238U, as well as terrestrial contamination gas, all complicating the identification of the indigenous lunar Xe component. The present study reveals light and heavy isotopic abundances compatible with terrestrial Xe composition. We conclude that in order to firmly establish indigenous lunar Xe signatures in situ, Xe measurements on the moon in interior samples of anorthositic ejecta from very recent craters should be performed.
Discovery of a Very Hot Phase of the Milky Way Circumgalactic Medium with Non-solar Abundance Ratios
Authors: Das Sanskriti , Mathur Smita , Nicastro Fabrizio , Krongold Yair
Published: September 2019

We present the discovery of a very hot gas phase of the Milky Way circumgalactic medium (CGM) at T ≈ 107 K, using deep XMM-Newton  Reflection Grating Spectrometer observations of the blazar 1ES 1553+113. The hot gas, coexisting with a warm-hot phase at T ≈ 106 K is α-enhanced, with

, indicating core-collapse supernovae enrichment. Additionally, we find [Ne/O] and

, such that N/Ne is consistent with solar. Along with the enrichment by asymptotic giant branch stars and core-collapse supernovae, this indicates that some oxygen has depleted onto dust and/or transited to cooler gas phase(s). These results may affect previous baryonic and metallic mass estimations of the warm-hot and hot CGM from the observations of oxygen emission and absorption. Our results provide insights on the heating, mixing, and chemical enrichment of the Milky Way CGM, and provide inputs to theoretical models of galaxy evolution.
Extended Study of Undergraduate Students’ Usage of Mobile Application for Individual Differentiation Learning Support of Lecture-based General Education Subjects
Authors: Nuanmeesri Sumitra
Published: September 2019

This is an investigation in the development and assessment of a mobile application that was developed for differentiated (Individualized) learning in support of lecture-based general education subjects. The mobile phone application was developed as a learning aid as a substantial number of students were experiencing difficulty in successfully completing these courses. The researcher developed the mobile phone application that contains uploaded course  content from each course. This was used to create  a summary of the lecture content from each course, in the form of infographics and  linked ‘PDF files’ or soft copies of lecture materials. The researcher developed exercises that students could complete which later contributed to self-created content based on their understanding, skills, and interests. With use of the mobile application, 100% of the students successfully completed these courses. Moreover, the level of satisfaction in education among students was high with an average of 4.75. The standard deviation of 0.43 indicated that, concerning contemporary education, and the active learning atmosphere, effective learning can be achieved due to the development of learning innovation in the use of electronic devices, which give opportunities to students to use their creativity in problem solving, as based on their preferences, whilst demonstrating their understanding about lesson content.
The Impact of FinTech on Economic Performance and Financial Stability in MENA Zone
Authors: Kammoun Souhaila , Loukil Sahar , Loukil Youssra Ben Romdhane
Published: September 2019

This chapter deliberates on the effects of FinTech on economic performance in the context of political instability in MENA zone countries. Using a multiple regression model to estimate time series data based on a sample of 10 MENA zone countries for 2011, 2014, and 2017, the study contends that FinTech's lending activities increase inflation and that this effect could be interestingly moderated by sound policies and regulations. In addition, the authors find empirical support for the FinTech's role as a driver of economic growth and a breeding ground for innovative projects in a context of freedom of expression, association, and media. In terms of practical implications, decision makers are asked to formulate and implement sound policies and regulations that permit and promote the positive role of FinTech in terms of economic performance.
Strategies for Engaging Students in the Online Environment
Authors: Whiter Kimberly A.
Published: September 2019

Creating an engaging course environment requires a conscious effort from faculty to utilize course design, teaching methods, and instructional technologies that foster high levels of student interaction. Instructional technologies paired with effective pedagogies are making student engagement in online environments rich and meaningful. The use of instructional technologies is linked to student engagement in the online learning environment. Utilization of instructional technologies should address three major types of interaction: student interaction with course content, the faculty, and their learning peers. The use of instructional technologies to engage students can also increase students' motivation for their learning by increasing student value for course content. This chapter addresses specific strategies for utilization of course design, pedagogies, and instructional technologies to incorporate student interaction and develop and maintain students' motivation in their learning.
The Effect of Demographic Factors of Consumers Online Shopping Behavior in a GCC University
Authors: Mehrotra Arpita Anshu , Elias Hala , Al-Alawi Adel Ismail , Al-Bassam Sara Abdulrahman
Published: September 2019

This study aims to investigate the effect of certain demographic factors of Gulf Cooperation Council countries' (GCC) university students and staff in using online shopping. The study attempts to hypothesize and measure the features that affect the growth of the e-shopping trend in a GCC. The results indicate that education has a large influence on e-shopping use. Gender did not appear to be a significant factor, but consumer income significantly impacts the online shopping of consumers. The results also suggested a positive relationship between online trust and online purchase intention. Additionally, there is a relationship between the ability to use the internet and the online shopping of consumers. Therefore, the more consumers are capable of using the internet, the more online shopping users there will be. The study also suggests that online retailers need to provide competitive prices and user-friendly websites.
WITT: Harvesting Energy From Subsea, Vortex-Induced Vibration
Authors: Wickett Martin John , Hindley Simon , Wickett Mairi B.
Published: September 2019

AbstractThe WITT (Whatever Input to Torsion Transfer) energy harvesting device converts chaotic motion in six degrees of freedom to a single unidirectional output, which can be coupled to a generator to provide electrical power. The WITT energy device of this size order has
an operational sweet spot of approximately 2 Hz, with up to 100 mm amplitude displacements, although it is tunable within the WITT device by varying the pendulum length and mass. To operate in this nature, subsea vortex-induced vibration (VIV) was chosen to drive the system. This is achieved
by connecting the WITT energy transmission to cylindrical cross-section pipe sections, creating a modular system that can be varied for sites with different conditions or power requirements. Numerical predictions were performed for a wide range of design variations over a broad range of operating
conditions using different VIV calculation techniques. This informed the likely dimensions for different sites and power requirements, so that an off-the-shelf solution could be quickly provided to a client, providing a sealed modular subsea energy solution. Tank testing was performed to compare
to the numerical predictions and determine the effect of the WITT energy device on the system dynamics, demonstrating the concept is feasible. A range of possible applications are provided, from powering subsea monitoring equipment through to reduction of riser fatigue by reducing VIV.
The Use of Microbial Coatings, Nutrients and Chemical Defense Systems in Oyster Restoration
Authors: Manning Thomas J. , Lane Weldon , Williams Richard Darren , Cowan Matt , Diaz Marcus , Slaton Christopher Adam , MacKey Konnor , Patel Pavan , Plummer Sydney , Butler Brittany , Baker Tess
Published: September 2019

AbstractMany oyster species are keystone species that help mitigate shoreline erosion, provide habitats for juvenile fishes, and improve water quality. A number of human-driven factors have led to a decline in their populations worldwide. This article focuses on the chemistry
of a novel substrate (nutrient-enriched concrete, or NEC) used to induce settlement and colonization of wild diploid oyster spat and is divided into four sections: (1) composition of the bulk material used for oyster restoration, (2) nutrients added to stimulate growth of bacterial and or
algal biofilms, (3) nutrients included for the recently settled oyster spat, and (4) the potential use of natural chemical defense systems to control predators and competing marine life. The goal is to develop a material that can be manufactured and used on a large scale.
FliC’s Hypervariable D3 Domain Is Required for Robust Anti-Flagellin Primary Antibody Responses
Authors: López-Yglesias Américo H , Lu Chun-Chi , Zhao Xiaodan , Chou Tiffany , VandenBos Tim , Strong Roland K , Smith Kelly D
Published: September 2019

Bacterial flagellin is a well-known agonist of the innate immune system that induces proinflammatory responses through the TLR5 and Naip5/6 recognition pathways. Several clinical trials investigating flagellin fusion proteins have demonstrated promising results for inducing protective immunity toward influenza virus, which has been largely attributed to flagellin’s ability to activate TLR5. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein, FliC, induces Ab responses in mice through a third pathway that is independent of TLR5, Casp1/11, and MyD88. In this study, we further define the structural features of FliC that contribute to this unknown third pathway. By destroying the Naip5/6 and TLR5 recognition sites, we demonstrate that neither were required for the TLR5-, inflammasome- and MyD88-independent Ab responses toward FliC. In contrast, deletion of FliC’s D3 or D0/D1 domains eliminated primary anti-flagellin Ab responses. For optimal primary and secondary anti-flagellin Ab responses we show that TLR5, inflammasome recognition, and the D3 domain of FliC are essential for flagellin’s robust immunogenicity. Our data demonstrate that the D3 domain of FliC influences immunogenicity independent of the known innate recognition sites in the D0/D1 domains to augment Ab production. Our results suggest full-length FliC is critical for optimal immunogenicity and Ab responses in flagellin-based vaccines.
Inferring the “Primordial Immune Complex”: Origins of MHC Class I and Antigen Receptors Revealed by Comparative Genomics
Authors: Ohta Yuko , Kasahara Masanori , O’Connor Timothy D. , Flajnik Martin F.
Published: September 2019

Comparative analyses suggest that the MHC was derived from a prevertebrate “primordial immune complex” (PIC). PIC duplicated twice in the well-studied two rounds of genome-wide duplications (2R) early in vertebrate evolution, generating four MHC paralogous regions (predominantly on human chromosomes [chr] 1, 6, 9, 19). Examining chiefly the amphibian Xenopus laevis, but also other vertebrates, we identified their MHC paralogues and mapped MHC class I, AgR, and “framework” genes. Most class I genes mapped to MHC paralogues, but a cluster of Xenopus MHC class Ib genes (xnc), which previously was mapped outside of the MHC paralogues, was surrounded by genes syntenic to mammalian CD1 genes, a region previously proposed as an MHC paralogue on human chr 1. Thus, this gene block is instead the result of a translocation that we call the translocated part of the MHC paralogous region (MHCtrans). Analyses of Xenopus class I genes, as well as MHCtrans, suggest that class I arose at 1R on the chr 6/19 ancestor. Of great interest are nonrearranging AgR-like genes mapping to three MHC paralogues; thus, PIC clearly contained several AgR precursor loci, predating MHC class I/II. However, all rearranging AgR genes were found on paralogues derived from the chr 19 precursor, suggesting that invasion of a variable (V) exon by the RAG transposon occurred after 2R. We propose models for the evolutionary history of MHC/TCR/Ig and speculate on the dichotomy between the jawless (lamprey and hagfish) and jawed vertebrate adaptive immune systems, as we found genes related to variable lymphocyte receptors also map to MHC paralogues.
Fetal T Cell Activation in the Amniotic Cavity during Preterm Labor: A Potential Mechanism for a Subset of Idiopathic Preterm Birth
Authors: Gomez-Lopez Nardhy , Romero Roberto , Xu Yi , Miller Derek , Arenas-Hernandez Marcia , Garcia-Flores Valeria , Panaitescu Bogdan , Galaz Jose , Hsu Chaur-Dong , Para Robert , Berry Stanley M.
Published: September 2019

Prematurity is the leading cause of perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. In most cases, preterm birth is preceded by spontaneous preterm labor, a syndrome that is associated with intra-amniotic inflammation, the most studied etiology. However, the remaining etiologies of preterm labor are poorly understood; therefore, most preterm births are categorized as idiopathic. In this study, we provide evidence showing that the fetal immune system undergoes premature activation in women with preterm labor without intra-amniotic inflammation, providing a potential new mechanism of disease for some cases of idiopathic preterm birth. First, we showed that fetal T cells are a predominant leukocyte population in amniotic fluid during preterm gestations. Interestingly, only fetal CD4+ T cells were increased in amniotic fluid of women who underwent idiopathic preterm labor and birth. This increase in fetal CD4+ T cells was accompanied by elevated amniotic fluid concentrations of T cell cytokines such as IL-2, IL-4, and IL-13, which are produced by these cells upon in vitro stimulation, but was not associated with the prototypical cytokine profile observed in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. Also, we found that cord blood T cells, mainly CD4+ T cells, obtained from women with idiopathic preterm labor and birth displayed enhanced ex vivo activation, which is similar to that observed in women with intra-amniotic inflammation. Finally, we showed that the intra-amniotic administration of activated neonatal CD4+ T cells induces preterm birth in mice. Collectively, these findings provide evidence suggesting that fetal T cell activation is implicated in the pathogenesis of idiopathic preterm labor and birth.
Automaticity and Invariant Measures of Linear Cellular Automata
Authors: Rowland Eric , Yassawi Reem
Published: September 2019

We show that spacetime diagrams of linear cellular automata $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}:\,\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}\rightarrow \mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ with $(-p)$-automatic initial conditions are automatic. This extends existing results on initial conditions that are eventually constant. Each automatic spacetime diagram defines a $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant subset of $\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E}$ is the left shift map, and if the initial condition is not eventually periodic, then this invariant set is nontrivial. For the Ledrappier cellular automaton we construct a family of nontrivial $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant measures on $\mathbb{F}_{3}^{\mathbb{Z}}$. Finally, given a linear cellular automaton $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7}$, we construct a nontrivial $(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70E},\unicode[STIX]{x1D6F7})$-invariant measure on $\mathbb{F}_{p}^{\mathbb{Z}}$ for all but finitely many $p$.
Themanummer: Financieel management van ziekenhuizen: een evaluatie en vooruitblik
Authors: Groot Tom , Vosselman Ed
Published: September 2019

In 2005 is het zorgstelsel ingijpend veranderd: men kreeg de beschikking over productie-informatie in de vorm van Diagnose-Behandel-Combinaties (DBC's), de zorgverzekeringswet werd vernieuwd waardoor verzekerden meer vrijheid van keuze kregen en er werd een begin gemaakt met het stelsel van gereguleerde marktwerking. In de jaren sinds 2005 zijn er verbeteringen in het stelsel aangebracht en hebben de marktpartijen in de zorg vooral ervaring opgedaan. In dit themanummer evalueren we de introductie van gereguleerde marktwerking, krijgen we een beeld van de ervaringen tot nu toe en kijken we vooruit naar toekomstige veranderingen in het financieel management van ziekenhuizen. Dit artikel introduceert het thema en geeft een overzicht van de verschillende artikelen.
Ozone enhancement due to the photodissociation of nitrous acid in eastern China
Authors: Tie Xuexi , Long Xin , Li Guohui , Zhao Shuyu , Cao Junji , Xu Jianming
Published: September 2019

Abstract. PM2.5, particulate matter with a diameter of 2.5 µm or less,
is one of the major components of air pollution in eastern China. In the
past few years, China's government has made strong efforts to reduce
PM2.5 pollution. However, another important pollutant (ozone) is becoming
a problem in eastern China. Ozone (O3) is produced by
photochemistry, which requires solar radiation for the formation of O3.
Under heavy PM2.5 pollution, solar radiation is often depressed,
and the photochemical production of O3 is prohibited. This study shows
that during late spring and early fall in eastern China, under heavy
PM2.5 pollution, there was often strong O3 photochemical
production, causing a co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and O3
concentrations. This co-occurrence of high PM2.5 and O3 is
unusual and is the main focus of this study. Recent measurements show that
there were often high HONO surface concentrations in major Chinese megacities, especially during daytime, with maximum concentrations ranging from
0.5 to 2 ppbv. It is also interesting to note that high HONO
concentrations occurred during high aerosol concentration periods,
suggesting that there were additional HONO surface sources in eastern China.
Under high daytime HONO concentrations, HONO can be photodissociated to
OH radicals, which enhance the photochemical production of O3. In
order to study the above scientific issues, a radiative transfer model (TUV;
tropospheric ultraviolet–visible) is used in this study, and a chemical
steady-state model is established to calculate OH radical concentrations.
The calculations show that by including the OH production of
photodissociated HONO, the calculated OH concentrations are
significantly higher than the values without including this production. For
example, by including HONO production, the maximum OH concentration under
high aerosol conditions (AOD = 2.5) is similar to the value under low
aerosol conditions (AOD = 0.25) in the no-HONO case. This result suggests
that even under high aerosol conditions, the chemical oxidizing process
for O3 production can occur, which explains the co-occurrence of high
PM2.5 and high O3 in late spring and early fall in
eastern China. However, the O3 concentrations were not significantly
affected by the appearance of HONO in winter. This study shows that the
seasonal variation of solar radiation plays important roles for controlling
the OH production in winter. Because solar radiation is at a very low
level in winter, adding the photolysis of HONO has a smaller effect in winter
than in other seasons, and OH remains at low values by including the HONO
production term. This study provides some important scientific insight to
better understand O3 pollution in eastern China.
Assessing the impact of clean air action on air quality trends in Beijing using a machine learning technique
Authors: Vu Tuan V. , Shi Zongbo , Cheng Jing , Zhang Qiang , He Kebin , Wang Shuxiao , Harrison Roy M.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. A 5-year Clean Air Action Plan was implemented in 2013 to reduce air
pollutant emissions and improve ambient air quality in Beijing. Assessment
of this action plan is an essential part of the decision-making process to
review its efficacy and to develop new policies. Both
statistical and chemical transport modelling have been previously applied to
assess the efficacy of this action plan. However, inherent uncertainties in
these methods mean that new and independent methods are required to support
the assessment process. Here, we applied a machine-learning-based random
forest technique to quantify the effectiveness of Beijing's action plan by
decoupling the impact of meteorology on ambient air quality. Our results
demonstrate that meteorological conditions have an important impact on the
year-to-year variations in ambient air quality. Further analyses show that
the PM2.5 mass concentration would have broken the target of the plan
(2017 annual PM2.5<60 µg m−3) were it not for the
meteorological conditions in winter 2017 favouring the dispersion of air
pollutants. However, over the whole period (2013–2017), the primary
emission controls required by the action plan have led to significant
reductions in PM2.5, PM10, NO2, SO2, and CO from 2013 to 2017 of approximately 34 %, 24 %, 17 %, 68 %, and 33 %, respectively, after meteorological correction. The marked decrease in PM2.5 and SO2 is largely attributable to a reduction in coal
combustion. Our results indicate that the action plan has been highly
effective in reducing the primary pollution emissions and improving air
quality in Beijing. The action plan offers a successful example for
developing air quality policies in other regions of China and other
developing countries.
Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis For Tuzla Test Site Using Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Bayraktar H. Basak , Ozer Sozdinler Ceren
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this study, time-dependent probabilistic tsunami hazard analysis (PTHA) is performed for Tuzla, Istanbul in the Sea of Marmara, Turkey, using various earthquake scenarios of Prince Island Fault within next 50 and 100 years. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation technique is used to generate a synthetic earthquake catalogue which includes earthquakes having magnitudes between Mw 6.5 and 7.1. This interval defines the minimum and maximum magnitudes for the fault in the case of entire fault rupture which depends on the characteristic fault model. Based on this catalogue, probability of occurrence and associated tsunami wave heights are calculated for each event. The study associates the probabilistic approach with tsunami numerical modelling. Tsunami numerical code NAMI DANCE was used for tsunami simulations. According to the results of the analysis, distribution of probability of occurrence corresponding to tsunami hydrodynamic parameters are represented. Maximum positive and negative wave amplitudes show that tsunami wave heights up to 1 m have 65 % probability of exceedance for next 50 years and this value increases by 85 % in Tuzla region for next 100 years. Inundation depth also exceeds 1 m in the region with probabilities of occurrence of 60 % and 80 % for next 50 and 100 years, respectively. Moreover, Probabilistic inundations maps are generated to investigate inundated zones and the amount of water penetrated inland. Probability of exceedance of 0.3 m wave height, ranges between 10 % and 75 % according to these probabilistic inundation maps and the maximum inundation distance calculated among entire earthquake catalogue is 60 m in this test site. Furthermore, at synthetic gauge points which are selected along the western coast of the Istanbul by including Tuzla coasts. Tuzla is one of the area that shows high probability exceedance of 0.3 m wave height, which is around 90 %, for the next 50 years while this probability reaches up to more than 95 % for the next 100 years.
Neurorehabilitation Potentials of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Post-stroke Motor and Speech Recovery
Authors: Liu Henry
Published: September 2019

Ischemic stroke is a consequence of diminished cerebral blood flow to cortical regions, resulting in subsequent reductions in excitability. The brain undergoes immense cortical remapping following a stroke, which can be facilitated by neuronal excitability. However, analyses of electrophysiologic recordings, cortical stimulation, and fMRI reveal a decline in the excitability of the ipsilesional hemisphere following an ischemic stroke and an increase in interhemispheric inhibition by the contralesional hemisphere. Recent findings have implicated non-invasive stimulation with post-stroke recovery through the induction of synaptic plasticity and recruitment of neurotrophic factors to the peri-infarct region. The aim of this paper is to review recent research that has beendevoted to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) and its use as a therapeutic tool in motor and speech rehabilitation via the alteration of excitability in the brain post-ischemic stroke.
Greenspace to facilitate the positive physical activity and mental health outcomes of older adults in Canada
Authors: Gavarkovs Adam G
Published: September 2019

The link between physical inactivity and poor health outcomes is well established. Older adults are especially at risk for many health conditions, and are one of the most inactive populations in Canada. Increasing levels of neighbourhood greenness has shown a positive relationship with walking and exercise behaviours, which in turn affects both mental and physical health. Currently in Ontario, the provincial Planning Act outlines the process of parkland dedication that individual municipalities are responsible for carrying out. This policy brief will discuss the inadequacies of the current system in effectively creating greenspace for older adults, and will propose several recommendations to resolve these issues.