bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case report on tuberous sclerosis: a rare cause of seizure
Authors: Nilavan Prahalathan Kathir , Sureshkumar Sowmika , Subramani Reddy Preethi Putti Reddy , Abdulla Nawaf , Venkatesan Divya , Ramasamy Balakrishnan
Published: December 2022

We report a case of tuberous sclerosis in a 19 years old teenage patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizure. MRI brain showed linear CSF filled structure with surrounding gliosis extending from the frontal horn of right lateral ventricle to the pial surface of right frontal lobe-postoperative change. Multiple small T2/ FLAIR hyper-intensities without diffusion restriction in bilateral frontal temporal parietal and left occipital lobes, predominantly involving the cortex and sub-cortical white matter and small focus of calcification in left parietal peri-ventricular white matter. He was treated with valproic acid, sodium valproate and levetiracetam and showed prompt improvement. Epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis complex is a group of genetic disorders manifesting in childhood. Secondary causes of tuberous sclerosis should be suspected when there is abrupt onset in adulthood. The case highlights an uncommon case of epilepsy in tuberous sclerosis in young adult patient.
Surviving against the odds: outcomes of emergency resuscitative thoracotomies at an Australian level 1 trauma centre
Authors: Hayler Raymond R. , Singh Arushi , Selvendran Selwyn T. , Langcake Mary E.
Published: December 2022

Background: Emergency resuscitative thoracotomy (ERT) is performed in thoracic trauma patients who present in extremis. Newer studies outside North America report higher survival rates, however literature from Australia is limited. This study reviews 12 years of ERT outcomes from an Australian level 1 trauma centre and whether trauma triage mechanisms may impact survival ratesMethods: A retrospective observational study using data from the trauma registry at St. George hospital Sydney for all who underwent an ERT between 2009 and 2021, supplemented with information from medical records. Parameters examined included demographics, injury profile, ERT details and outcomes. Data was then analysed by descriptive statisticsResults: The 29 ERTs were performed of which 25 were male (85%) and 4 were female (14%). Mean age was 40 and mean injury severity score (ISS) was 32. Overall, 13 patients survived after ERT (45%), with 10 patients surviving admission post ERT for penetrating injuries (53%), compared to 3 surviving admissions for blunt injuries (27%). The 82% of ERTs were performed in the operating theatre (OT), with survival rates the highest when ERT was performed in OT by the cardiothoracic surgical teamConclusions: In this study, ERT conferred good outcome with survival in almost half of patients. More studies are required to establish whether triage mechanisms which facilitate early transfer to OT confer higher survival in ERT patients.
General surgical unit experience of traumatic vascular injuries in an Australian regional hospital
Authors: Silva Munasinghe , Anandan Aathavan Shanmuga
Published: December 2022

Background: Vascular trauma is a significant burden to the regional community due to the associated high morbidity and mortality from the complications of the injuries. This may be due to the complexity of the injuries and the issues with initial management at the regional hospitals. Vascular injury management training should improve the outcome of initial surgical management by the general surgical team in regional centres. The study aims to describe the epidemiology and management of vascular injury in regional hospitals in Queensland, Australia.Methods: A retrospective descriptive analysis was performed using the data of patients with traumatic vascular injuries between January 2017 and July 2021 presented to Hervey Bay hospital in Queensland, Australia.Results: Fifty-nine patients with vascular injuries were reviewed. The reported number of penetrating and blunt trauma cases were 43 (72.9%) and 16 (27.1%) respectively, and 42 (71.2%) were males. Most mechanisms of injury were cuts (n=32, 54.2%), followed by falls (n=16, 27.1%) and stabs (n=11, 18.7%). Fifty-one (86.4%) were initially surgically managed regionally, with 21 (35.6%) requiring transfer to a tertiary trauma centre. Outcomes of the incidents resulted in one (1.7%) patient requiring amputation, three (5.1%) needing a fasciotomy and the mortality of two (3.4%) patients.Conclusions: Vascular trauma causes a significant burden to Australian regional hospitals. Identifying injury patterns and common causes for vascular injury will help in early identification and prompt management. Vascular trauma management training should improve the quality of care from the general surgeons in the regional centres.
Right Amyand’s hernia: bilateral indirect uncomplicated inguinal hernia with appendix as content on right side
Authors: Mathew Sunil , A. Shashirekha C. , N. Nithyashree K. , Ysetty Vikram , G. Kavitha
Published: December 2022

Amyand’s hernia is a rare finding of the appendix inside an inguinal hernia sac. Most cases are found intra-operatively during inguinal hernia repair. It is extremely rare and occurs in 1 percent of all inguinal hernias with an estimated rate of 0.07-0.13 percent having associated acute appendicitis. A 60 year old male presented to the hospital with chief complaint of swelling in bilateral inguinal region more on the right side since 6 months associated with chronic cough since 1 month and difficulty in passing urine since 6 months. Patient was taken up for elective right side hernioplasty after taking physicians and pulmonologist opinion for fitness for surgery and urologist opinion for grade II prostatomegaly. Intra operatively indirect hernia sac medial to inferior epigastric artery with appendix as content and hydrocele around 15 ml. The contents were reduced back inside the peritoneal cavity and Lichenstein tension free hernioplasty was performed. Amyand’s hernia widely varies in its presentation, can occur at any age and typically presents in men. The surgical management of Amyand’s hernia includes appendectomy with repair of inguinal hernia through inguinal incision. Amyand’s hernia being an unusual presentation, helps the surgeons to be prepared for such circumstances and do appropriate management.
On the Linguistic and Technical Meanings of Ghayr and Their Consequences for Understanding the Divine Attributes in Classical Kalām
Authors: MİHİRİG Abdurrahman Ali
Published: December 2022

Some writers have suggested that the classical Sunni kalām theory of divine attributes, which states that the attributes are 'neither God' nor 'other than God,' should be interpreted to mean a denial of the law of excluded middle. Some also seek to build a new kalām without such a principle. Although the author holds such a view to be unintelligible on its own grounds, it also has no basis in the classical kalām theory. This paper shall present a detailed investigation into the meaning of ghayr, and demonstrate, with ample textual evidence, that the classical theory of divine attributes only means a denial of identity along with the denial of metaphysical separability from the divine essence. This paper demonstrates how the term ghayr applies in contexts of metaphysics, theology, and natural philosophy as well. The formula that ‘something is not identical with’ nor ‘other than’ is applied equally to any property of a subject which is necessary and inseparable from it. That is, it applies equally to created beings as well. The paper shall begin with a linguistic discussion of the term ghayr, in order to demonstrate that it is not a negation in the Arabic language, but actually an adjective which also functions to form an exceptive clause. This proves that the formula on the divine attributes does not imply a rejection of excluded middle even at the basic linguistic level. Then the paper will discuss the term ghayr in technical contexts. This discussion does not limit itself to any school, but the discussion is based on four main sources: (1) the Maqālāt of al-Kaʿbī of the Muʿtazilī school; (2) the Maqālāt of al-Ashʿarī, (3) the Kitāb al-Tawḥīd and (4) the Taʾwīlāt of al-Māturīdī. Much attention is given to the latter because of claims by some that Māturīdī has a unique position on ghayriyya which implies the rejection of the law of excluded middle. There is no indication at all that such a formula implied a denial of the laws of logic. Claims to the contrary have failed to provide any linguistic or textual evidence for their interpretation, let alone philosophical justification for such a farfetched view.
Aklı Yerinde ve Zamanında KullanmaPerspektifinde Peygamberlerin “Fetânet” Sıfatı
Authors: SÖNMEZ Mustafa
Published: December 2022

Akıl ve vahiy insanlığa yol gösteren iki önemli rehberdir. İnsanlık ancak bu iki rehber sayesinde doğru yolu bulabilir. Fetânet ise işlevsel aklın zirve noktasıdır ki, bu durum peygamberlere verilmiş özel bir vasıftır. Bu vasıf, aynı zamanda aklı yerinde ve zamanında en iyi şekilde kullanma yetkinliğine sahip olma demektir. Bu, tek başına büyük bir değer ve ayrıcalık oluşturan bir sıfattır. Bu değer ve vasıf, peygamberlerin beşerî yönünü yansıtmakla birlikte vahye muhatap olmalarını sağlayan çok önemli bir özelliktir. Peygamberler bu özelliği ile bir taraftan vahye muhatap olup onu anlamaya ve uygulamaya çalışırlarken, diğer taraftan vahyin gelmediği durumlarda içtihat yaparak, gerektiğinde ortak akla başvurarak toplumdaki problemleri çözmektedirler. Bu durum onları başkalarına üstün kılan çok büyük bir güç oluşturmaktadır. Bilindiği gibi herkesin aklî melekesi farklı düzeydedir. Bu nedenle herkeste derecesine göre akıl bulunsa da fetânet sıfatı bulunmayabilir. Çünkü akıl, anlama, kavrama, düşünme ve muhakeme gücü anlamına gelirken, fetânette ise bunların yanı sıra olayları çok yönlü olarak görüp derinlemesine analiz yapacak bir güç manası vardır. Peygamberlerde bulunan fetânet sıfatına örnek olmak üzere Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v) ve Hz. İbrahim’in (a.s) fetânetlerine kısaca temas etmekle yetineceğiz. Çünkü bunlarda olan vasıflar diğer peygamberlerde de bulunmaktadır. Hz. Muhammed (s.a.v), içinde yaşadığı şirk toplumunda tevhid mücadelesi vermiş, söz konusu toplumu dönüştürebilmek için vahyin desteğindeakıl, mantık ve muhakemeyle hareket ederek onları ıslah etmiş, bu mücadele sonunda 23 yıl gibi kısa bir zaman diliminde imanlı, ibadetli ve ahlaklı bir toplum meydana getirmeyi başarabilmiştir. Gerek Mekke gerekse Medine dönemlerinde halkın problemlerinin çözüm mercii olması ve bunda da muvaffak olup herkesin problemlerine çözüm bulması, onun İlahî desteğin yanındafetânet sıfatının bir göstergesi olarak dakabul edilmelidir. Peygamberlerin atası olarak kabul edilen Hz. İbrahim’in (a.s) hayatına baktığımızda onda fetânet sıfatı çok bariz bir şekilde görülmektedir. Şöyle ki Hz. İbrahim’in, babası Azer ile tartışmalarında “putların cansız, hiç kimseye zararı ve faydası dokunmayan nesneler olduklarını ve yaratmada hiçbir fonksiyonlarının bulunmadığını” nazara vererek onun düşünmesini istemesi; puthanedeki putları balta ile kırıp baltayı büyük putun boynuna asması ve bu vesile ile puta tapan ahalinin akıllarını çalıştırarak düşünmelerini sağlaması, onun fetânetine en güzel bir örnektir.Konusu aklı yerinde ve zamanında kullanma perspektifinde fetânet sıfatı olan bu makalenin amacı, vahyin desteğinde insanlara örnek olma noktasında peygamberlerde bulunan bu sıfatın önemine vurgu yapmaktır.Bunu yaparken konunun daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için akıl-vahiy ve akıl-fetânet ilişkisine temas eden bir yöntem takip edilmiştir.
Al-Ījī’s Arguments against the Muʿtazilite Ethical Realism
Authors: MAKDOD Mohammad
Published: December 2022

Al-Ījī presents the final stage of Ashʿarism, and his arguments reflect the traditional and philosophical approaches in the school. This paper presents the main arguments that al-Ījī deployed to refute the Muʿtazilites’ ethical realism. Its aim is to present the exact form of al-Ījī’s arguments, explain them, discuss the objections, and then evaluate their strengths. The paper’s aim is to explain the Muʿtazilites’ arguments; nevertheless, it gives some clarifications when it is needed to understand al-Ījī’s arguments in a better way. In the beginning, the paper draws a distinct line between the Ashʿarites’ and the Muʿtazilite ethical understandings. It defines the focus of the controversy and prepares the groundwork for theological arguments. Al-Ījī’s arguments are divided into three categories. In the first one, we present al-Ījī’s general argument, which is a polemic argument whereby al-Ījī tries to negate the freedom of human choice in order to cast doubt on the Muʿtazilite ethical foundations. We discuss its critique, and then reveal al-Ījī’s real position on human power and freedom of choice. The second category contains three arguments against the intrinsic ethical value: two of the arguments were adopted by al-Ījī and the third was attributed to other Ashʿarites in a general way. The first two arguments deal with the intrinsic ethical values of lying and truth-telling, while the third one is based on the Ashʿarite famous assertion: ‘an accident cannot subsist on another accident.’ The final category is dedicated to discussing al-Ījī’s argument against the Muʿtazilite theory of ethical aspects. A sufficient account of the theory and its partisans is provided before discussing al-Ījī’s argument. Moreover, a brief introduction of Al-Ījī’s and the Muʿtazilites’ conception of divine ethics is discussed in the folds of the argument. Some divine qualities, such as justice and wisdom, are defined from the Ashʿarites’ and the Muʿtazilites’ perspectives. As a result, the paper gives a clear account of al-Ījī’s arguments against the Muʿtazilites’ ethical realism; it presents and evaluates the objections and defines the strengths and the defects in the arguments. Finally, it proposes a better way to understand the Ashʿarites’ ethical arguments in their right context.
An early warning system for highly pathogenic viruses borne by waterbird species and related dynamics of climate change in the Caspian Sea region: Outlines of a concept
Authors: Petherbridge G. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Shestopalov А. М. , Alekseev A. Yu. , Sharshov K. A. , Daudova M. G.
Published: December 2022

Aim.Formulation of the outlines of the concept of ViEW (ViralEarlyWarning) which is intended as a long term system of multidisciplinary transboundary cooperation between specialist institutions of all five Caspian region states to research, regularly monitor and share data about the generation, transmission and epidemiology of avian‐borne pathogens and their vectors in the region, and the ways climate change may affect these processes.

Material and Methods.The concept is based on the multidisciplinary experience of the authors in researching the processes incorporated in the ViEW concept and on an in‐depth survey of the literature involved.

Results.The outlines of the ViEW concept are presented in this study for review and comment by interested parties and stakeholders.

Conclusion.Review of activities and opinions of specialists and organizations with remits relating to the development, establishment and maintenance of ViEW, indicates that such a system is a necessity for global animal and human health because of the role that the Caspian region plays in the mass migration of species of waterbird known as vectors for avian influenza and the already evident impacts of climate change on their phenologies. Waterbirds frequenting the Caspian Sea littorals and their habitats together constitute a major potential global hotspot or High Risk region for the generation and transmission of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses and other dangerous zoonotic diseases.
Determining the role of microelements for the synthesis of antifungal metabolites of the antagonistic Bacillus velezensis strain
Authors: Tomashevich N. S. , Sidorova T. M. , Kiseleva O. I. , Kurbatov I. Yu. , Allahverdyan V. V. , Asaturova A. M.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To study the structure of bacteria exometabolites of the Bacillus velezensis BZR336g strain using the GC×GC‐MS method when cultivated on nutrient media differing in the content of microelements.

Material and Methods. The object of the study is the B. velezensis BZR336g bacterium strain. It shows promise for the development of a biopreparation on its basis for protecting plants against phytopathogenic fungi. Exometabolites were isolated from the liquid culture and their metabolomic profile was analysed with the GC×GC‐MS method using a LECO Pegasus BT‐4D device.

Results. Among the identified compounds one can see the precursors of biologically active metabolites of bacteria of the strain B. velezensis BZR336g. Analysis of the total accumulation of fatty acids and their analogs, as well as of amino acids and peptides, by B. velezensis BZR336g bacteria on nutrient media differing in the content of metal ions, shows that Co2+ ions in combination with Mn2+ and Zn2+ ions play an important role in inducing their synthesis. The presence of the Co2+ ion in the nutrient medium has the greatest influence on the synthesis of peptide components. If it is removed from the nutrient medium, the amount of amino acids and peptides decreases by almost two times. Benzene compounds can act as precursors of aromatic hydrocarbons, which are also of interest in the analysis of bacterial metabolism, since they have antimicrobial activity.

Conclusions. The number of compounds that are precursors of lipopeptide metabolites depends on the content of metal ions in the nutrient medium. This fact may vary depending on the combination in which the metals are present.
Inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of Artemisia spp. on SARS‐CoV‐2 replication in vitro
Authors: Каzachinskaia Е. I. , Romanova V. D. , Ivanоva A. V. , Chepurnov А. А. , Murtazalieva Z. A. , Коnonova Yu. V. , Shaulo D. N. , Romanyuk V. V. , Shestopalov А. М.
Published: December 2022

Aim. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of dry ethanol extracts of some Artemisia spp. growing in the Novosibirsk region for SARS‐CoV‐2 replication.

Materials and Methods. The laboratory strain SARS‐CoV‐2/human/RUS/Nsk‐FRCFTM‐1/2020 was passed on Vero cell culture. Dry ethanol extracts of plant parts (stems, flowers, leaves) of six types of Artemisia were prepared. The types used were: A. vulgaris L.; A. glauca (Pall. Ex Willd.); A. dracunculus L. (from three growth locations); A. absinthium L.; A. frigida Willd.; and A. sieversiana Ehrh. ex Willd. Dry extracts were dissolved in DMSO. In vitro analysis of the inhibitory activity of extracts against SARS‐CoV‐2 (an infectious titer of 103 TCID50/ml) replication was performed in a Vero E6 cell culture. To do this, the method of direct inactivation (neutralization) of virions, as well as schemes of “preventive” and “therapeutic” of cells, were used. Comparison samples were dry ethanol extracts of Inonotus obliquus, Syzygium aromaticum L. and Camellia sinensis L.

Results. Extracts of leaves of Artemisia spp. proved to be most effective in direct inactivation of virions. By equal and decreasing activity these are the species: A. vulgaris; A. dracunculus*; A. absinthium; A. dracunculus***; A. dracunculus**; A. frigidа; A. glauca; and A. sieversiana with a 50% effective concentration of range 1.10±0.24 – 11.72±2.89 μg/ml. Extracts of flowers of A. vulgaris, A.glauca, A. dracunculus*, A. dracunculus**, A. dracunculus***, A. frigida and A. sieversiana also contain biologically active substances which act both destructively on virions and after the virus has entered cells. For extracts of stems consistently high values of EC50 were found for A. glauca (6.84±1.35; 7.81±2.00 and 14.06±3.06 μg/ml) according to the results of three experimental schemes.

Conclusion. The results obtained can become the basis for the development of inexpensive domestic drugs for the treatment and/or prevention of COVID‐19.
Advanced views regarding the post‐virgin land geographical space of Eurasia and Russia in the light of current land reforms
Authors: Levykin S. V. , Chibilev A. A. , Gulyanov Yu. A. , Yakovlev I. G. , Kazachkov G. V.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To analyse the consequences of the virgin lands (1954‐1963) agrarian‐social megaproject, and of current land reforms. To elaborate contributions to the Russian post‐virgin land space development strategy.

Material and methods. Historical records and sources, field geographical observations data and survey information have been used. The convergence principle, cartographic, comparative historical and comparative typological analyses, expert assessment and the logical method of generalizations have been applied.

Results. A notion concerning the cumulative consequences of the largest agrarian‐social megaprojects, such as the Virgin Land campaign of 1954‐ 1963 and land reforms in Russia and Kazakhstan in the 1990s, has been developed. The actual socio‐economical and ecological problems of post‐ virgin land areas have been examined. A differentiated assessment of the self‐reconstruction potential of the steppe is given. The value of a system of formed steppe cores is demonstrated through the example of post‐ virgin land space in the Orenburgskaya oblast and a series of recommendations on these rational utlisation of these cores is proposed.

Conclusion. The post‐virgin land space in Russia is characterised by a series of acute agroecological and conservational problems, such as poor development of adaptive animal husbandry and fodder production and priority accorded high risk dry crop farming. The realisation in practice of agronomy extensive approaches based on irreversible natural resources mobilization and on soil consumptive commercial crops expansion are accompanied by topsoil degradation. Under current conditions, the conservation and restoration of title (key) steppe biological objects and the more effective realisation of post‐virgin land space developmental potential both require urgent strategic initiatives by the Russiann Federation Government.
Influence of tillage methods on the development of wheat diseases Aestivum and Fontum
Authors: Ponomarev A. V. , Kremneva O. Yu. , Gasiyan K. E. , Danilov R. Yu.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To analyze the data in the available literature regarding the effect of various tillages on the development and prevalence of wheat pathogens.

Discussion. According to the literature, the existing tillage technologies – classical, minimal and zero – significantly affect the development of pathogens that cause the development of wheat diseases in regions that differ in soil and climatic conditions. In Russia and other countries near and far, the issue of combating diseases of agricultural crops is dealt with by chemical, biological and agrotechnical methods. Despite the fact that agrotechnical methods are of the utmost importance in the general system of measures to protect plants from damage, for a long‐time agricultural technology as a means of plant protection was underestimated. However, many agricultural techniques, as well as genetics and selection, increase the resistance of plants to damage.

Conclusion. As a result of these techniques, it is possible to create environmental conditions that will be unfavourable for the reproduction of diseases. At the present time, opinion is firmly established that separately undertaken, isolated methods cannot properly solve the problem of protecting plants from pathogens of agricultural crops. Only a set of methods combined into a system of measures provides a solid basis for plant protection. And in this system of measures, the role of agricultural practices is extremely large.
Modeling of various life processes of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb to determine optimal growing conditions in the southern coast of Crimea, Russia
Authors: Pashtetsky A. V. , Ilnitsky O. A.
Published: December 2022

Aim. In connection with global climate change and an increase in the intensity of aridisation of the region of the southern coast of Crimea (SCC), the aim is to study the ecophysiological response of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb is, during its intensive vegetative phase, and the impact of external environmental factors that greatly influence the characteristics of the water regime, which would allow the possible establishment of optimal and unfavorable conditions for the growth of the species.

Material and Methods. Measurements of environmental parameters were carried out using a wireless phytomonitoring system. Applied computer programs were used for statistical data processing. Modeling and smoothing of two‐dimensional data was carried out using the least squares method, robust locally weighted regression and a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis.

Results. To assess the ecophysiological response to the impact of external environmental factors during the growing season of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb, we applied a mathematical model of stepwise regression analysis. As dependent variables, we used the relative water flow velocity in the shoot (Sf, r.u.) and shoot diameter (d, mm), data were obtained from SF‐5P water flow sensors and SD‐10z sensors. The independent variables were the main environmental factors. The share of dispersion of the dependent variable, explained by the applied models, was determined as 98–99%.

Conclusions. The development of a model based on a database of plant functions with appropriate quantitative characteristics will make it possible in the future to predict the ecological state of a particular area or region as a whole.
Use of environmentally safe micromycetes of the genus Rhodotorula to obtain fodder carotene‐containing concentrate
Authors: Kolpakova V. V. , Ulanova R. V. , Kulikov D. S. , Gulakova V. A. , Vasilyeva L. V. , Berestovskaya Yu. Yu. , Cheremnykh E. G. , Ashikhmin A. A.
Published: December 2022

Aim. The aim of the work was to study the possibility of using an environmentally friendly strain of yeast of the genus Rhodotorula for the bioconversion into fodder carotenoid‐containing biomass of the secondary product of processing pea flour into a protein concentrate (whey).

Material and Methods. We used a new strain of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa 111 and by‐products of processing pea and chickpea flour into protein concentrates and potatoes into starch (whey). We used standard and special methods for the analysis of serum and microbial‐vegetable concentrate (FMVC) namely: chemical; biochemical; microbiological; and the determination of toxicity with ciliates.

Results. Optimal conditions for growing R. mucilaginosa 111 on pea whey were determined (temperature 16.9°C, pH 7.8, amount of inoculum 1.85%). More biomass was synthesized on pea whey than on chickpea and potato whey – 81 g/dm3. The mass fraction of protein in the biomass is 58.90±3.03% on dry matter and the rate of essential amino acids is 119– 243%. Lipids included 20% saturated and 78% unsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid – 45.26±0.70%, oleic – 24.04±0.76%, palmitoleic – 6.46±0.31%, palmitic – 13.70±0.81%. The yeast produced phytoin derivatives, torulene, β‐carotene, torularodin and phytoin. FMVC from pea whey stimulated the growth of ciliates Tetrahymena pyriformis by 29.1%, from chickpea whey (by 18.6% more intensively than distilled water), while potato whey reduced its growth rate.

Conclusion. The dry biomass of the ecologically safe new yeast strain R. mucilaginosa 111 contained complete proteins, lipids, minerals, and carotenoids necessary for feeding animals. Thus liquid pea whey can be used for its biokonversions, while avoiding environmental pollution.
Study of the effect of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra on the population structure of the wheat leaf rust pathogen
Authors: Gvozdeva M. S. , Volkova G. V.
Published: December 2022

Aim. To study the variability of the intrapopulation structure of the causative agent of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Erikss.) on the basis of pathogenicity under the influence of the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE.

Material and Methods. The studies were carried out in the greenhouse complex of the Federal Research Center of Biological Plant Protection on the winter wheat variety Krasnodarskaya 99 which is susceptible to leaf rust. The material studied was the combined fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE with application rates of 0.75; 1.0; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75 l/ha. The work was carried out according to generally accepted methods.

Results. The influence of the impact of different rates of application of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE on the average virulence of the P. triticina population was established, this indicator varying from 40.0% (control [without treatment]) to 19.5% (fungicide application rate 1.75 l/ha). As a result of the analysis of the phenotypic composition of the population, 5 phenotypes were identified. A decrease in the viability of spores of the fungus P. triticina with an increase in the rate of application of the fungicide was established, this indicator varying from 69.1% (0.75 l/ha) to 29.2% (1.75 l/ha). A decrease in the aggressiveness of the population of the causative agent of leaf rust with an increase in the rate of application of the drug was established. The biological effectiveness of the fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE against the pathogen was 95.3–97.8% at the recommended application rate of 1.0–1.5 l/ha.

Conclusion. The study showed that the population of the leaf rust pathogen treated with the chemical fungicide Abacus Ultra, SE is characterised by a change in structure in terms of aggressiveness and virulence, while the sensitivity remains high due to the combination of the active substances pyraclostrobin and epoxiconazole with a different mechanism of action in the preparation.
Development and interaction of ctenophores Beroe ovate Bruguière, 1789 and Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 in the coastal zone of the Middle Caspian Sea
Authors: Vostokov S. V. , Gadzhiev A. A. , Lobachev E. N. , Vostokova A. S. , Rabazanov N. I. , Barkhalov R. M. , Sapojnikov Ph. V. , Abtahi B. , Shojaei M. G.
Published: December 2022

Aim. Analysis of the distribution and status of ctenophores Вeroe ovata and Mnemiopsis leidyi, and assessment of the parameters of their interaction in the Middle Caspian Sea.

Material and Methods. The material was obtained in the western and eastern parts of the Middle Caspian Sea in September–October 2022. Large ctenophores were collected using a big cone plankton net with a 0.5 m2 opening and a 500 μm, mesh size. The number and size of large ctenophores were determined immediately after collection, larvae and eggs were counted in samples fixed with formalin to a final concentration of 4%. Zooplankton samples were collected by the Juday plankton net (0.1 m2 opening, 180 μm mesh size).

Results. In September‐October 2022, a developed population of Вeroe ovata with active reproduction was recorded in the waters of the Middle Caspian Sea. The habitat area of B. ovata has significantly expanded to the north compared to 2021. Complete suppression of the Mnemiopsis population by the Beroe was observed on most of the western and eastern shelf, as well. The total number of Beroe reached 48 ind/m2, biomass – 12 g/m2. Single large individuals were found in the north of the Middle Caspian Sea at salinity 5.7 psu. The structure of mesozooplankton was still dominated by the small copepod Acartia tonsa.

Conclusion. New data indicate the active development of the Вeroe ovata in the Caspian Sea, which presents a fundamental challenge for the restoration of the Caspian ecosystem. The progressive adaptation of Beroe to the conditions of the Caspian Sea has led to its expansion to the north of the Middle Caspian Sea in areas with low salinity. A complete suppression of the M. Leidyi population by the new alien noted on most of the shelf indicates an increase in its pressure on the Mnemiopsis population compared to the corresponding period of 2021.
Development of reference material in a fish matrix for physicochemical proficiency testing
Authors: Zuffo Marina , Bassani Joseane Cristina , Zangalli Maicon Rodrigo , Chiarello Daiane , Martins Julyana Pittol
Published: December 2022

For the fishery chain’s growth and development to occur sustainably, it is necessary to develop solid scientific and technological bases that help guarantee the quality of this raw material. Analytical results provide one of the main ways to prove the quality of these products. In this context, developing reference materials for proficiency testing in fish matrix contributes to this raw material’s scientific, technological, and quality advancement. This study describes the production steps of a reference material destined for proficiency assays in a fish matrix. The study covers material selection, preparation, and development of homogeneity and short-term stability studies simulating transport conditions. The results were evaluated using Horwitz standard deviation and standard deviation by experience from previous rounds of proficiency testing programs, and comparisons were made between the two. It was found that the batch of material produced was homogeneous and stable during the stability study, enabling its use in proficiency tests.
ANÁLISIS DEL PROCESO DE ADMISIÓN Y ACCESO A LA ESCOLARIZACIÓN OBLIGATORIA PÚBLICA DOMINICANA. SISNAE: PROPUESTA DE SOFTWARE PARA SU AUTOMATIZACIÓN.
Authors: Guzman Freddy , Perez Barbara Yadira Mellado
Published: December 2022

El sistema educativo dominicano tiene una necesidad imperiosa de dar respuesta a la situación que año tras año se refleja como un reto, donde los centros educativos del sector público ofrecen cupos insuficientes a la demanda existente, y muchas familias se ven obligadas a inscribir a sus hijos en centros distantes de sus residencias, o forzarse a inscribirse en colegios. La admisión y acceso a la escolarización obligatoria pública precisa de herramientas de automatización. Con ese desafío el objetivo general de la investigación es contribuir mediante el SISNAE como software para garantizar confiabilidad y calidad de dicho proceso en los politécnicos de Santiago. Como objetivos específicos se plantean: conocer las características de los criterios de calificación para la admisión; identificar los mecanismos, estrategias y técnicas aplicadas en el acceso y admisión de los centros educativos; analizar las fortalezas y debilidades de dicho sistema reflejadas en la admisión y acceso a la escolarización; y contribuir, mediante el desarrollo de una herramienta informática automatizada, a la disminución de riesgos de arbitrariedad existente en estos procesos. Sustentado con los métodos: hipotético-deductivo, histórico-lógico, a través de sistematización con carácter empírico, mediante observaciones, entrevista, cuestionario y análisis de documentos. Se obtuvo resultados que ofrecen un servicio más eficiente, eficaz y con niveles de efectividad necesarios para garantizar el acceso a la escolaridad pública más equitativo, proponiendo un software para la automatización del referido proceso, contribuyendo al debate sobre el acceso a la escolaridad obligatoria, y su impacto en familias carentes y en condiciones de pobreza.

Palabras clave: Educación y tecnología, inclusión educativa, acceso escolar, proceso de admisión escolar.
Algopopulism and recursive conduct: grappling with fascism and the new populisms vis-à-vis Arendt, Deleuze and Guattari, and Stiegler
Authors: Gray Chantelle
Published: December 2022

The continuing rise of right-wing populisms and fascism across the globe, mobilised by various factors such as the use of social technologies and the weaponisation of nationalism, xenophobia, sexism and racism – to name a few – provokes important questions in terms of resistance. Moreover, given that the lines between the new populisms and fascism are becoming increasingly nebulous, it is imperative that we at least attempt to better understand the conditions – including the more hauntological, which is to say historically and structurally invisibilised – from which algorithmic governmentality and its corollary, recursive conduct, are born. On that account, I unpack two understandings of fascism, first tracing it macropolitically through the work of Hannah Arendt and, thereafter, looking at its more micropolitical and libidinal aspects vis-à-vis the work of Deleuze and Guattari. I do so because it is my contention that there is a historical correlation between Arendt’s theorisation of a generalised espionage and our contemporary surveillance systems, as well as between Deleuze and Guattari’s theorisation of desire and the harnessing of affect through machine learning methods and their deployment via social media platforms, all of which aid the propagation of certain forms of populism – and even fascism. This is what I call algopopulism: algorithmically aided politics that transforms the ‘we’ into the ‘they’ through what can be thought of as recursive conduct or the digital exercise of power and its structuring of the field of possible action and thought. In turn, I link this to Stiegler’s understanding of negative sublimation, a paralysis of the human spirit which occurs due to, among other things, the generalised proletarianisation of knowledge, ultimately provoking the short-circuiting of processes of transindividuation. Finally, I offer some notes on resistance.
The impact of project based E-learning on cognitive and psychomotor learning achievement in sports massage course
Authors: MS Gede Doddy Tisna , Ni Nyoman Parwati , Warpala I Wayan Sukra , Sudatha I Gde Wawan , Sudarmika Putu , Suartama I Kadek
Published: December 2022

The purpose of this study was to describe the effects of a project-based e-learning (PjB-eL) model on cognitive and psychomotor learning achievement in sports massage courses. This quasi-experimental study used a post-test-only non-equivalent control group design. The research sample consisted of 2 classes of 40 people each, selected by a simple random sampling technique, with one class each as the experimental and control groups. Data on cognitive learning outcomes were collected using tests, and psychomotor learning outcomes using project observation sheets. The test used has met all the valid and reliable criteria. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance test. The results showed that the average cognitive and psychomotor learning outcomes in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group. The PjB-eL model can be recommended as an effective learning model to improve learning outcomes.
Keywords: Project-based, e-learning, cognitive, psychomotor, learning achievement.
A Study On Developing Fluency And Accuracy Skills In Teaching Turkish As A Second Language
Authors: KARADAĞ Bilal Ferhat , ERCAN Merve
Published: December 2022

The present study aims to determine the development of fluency and accuracy skills, which are among the components of speaking, by language instructors in the process of teaching Turkish as a second language. The study was carried out by using a phenomenological design within the framework of the qualitative research approach. The study group consists of 10 language instructors working at Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University TÖMER, Amasya University TÖMER, Uludağ University TÖMER, Kilis 7 Aralık University TÖMER and İnönü University TÖMER. Semi-structured interview form was used in the data collection process. Interview data were analyzed with content analysis. As a result of the study, in line with the views of instructors, it was concluded that learners of Turkish as a second language could not speak fluently and accurately due to their anxiety and that sufficient time was not allocated for fluent and accurate speaking of students due to priorities such as completing the curriculum and finishing the course book. It can also be seen that instructors preferred activities such as role-playing, drama, songs, rhymes, interviews, and storytelling to develop fluent and accurate speaking of learners and they recommended real-life activities, speaking club, karaoke, and drama activities for the future.
MESANE PATOLOJİLERİNDE BOTULİNUM TOKSİN UYGULAMALARI: İLK HASTA SERİSİ SONUÇLARIMIZ
Authors: TOKAT Eda , YILDIZ Yildiray
Published: December 2022

AMAÇ: Botoks, Clostridium botulinum bakterisi tarafından üretilen güçlü bir nörotoksindir. Üroloji alanında nörojenik mesane, aşırı aktif mesane ve interstisyel sistit/mesane ağrı sendromu tedavisinde kullanılmaktadır. Biz de botulinum toksin uyguladığımız hastalarımızın verilerini paylaşmayı amaçladık.

GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Kliniğimizde 2018-2022 yılları arasında intravezikal botulinum toksin uygulaması yapılan toplam 42 hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak tarandı. Hastaların demografik verileri (yaş,cinsiyet,hastalık), geçmişte aldıkları tedavileri ve tedavi endikasyonları değerlendirildi. Hastaların botulinum toksin tedavi yanıtı, tedavi öncesi ve sonrası ortalama mesane kapasitesi ve tedavi fayda skalası (TFS; 1= çok iyileşme, 2= iyileşme 3= değişiklik yok, 4= kötüleşme) en erken 3. ayda değerlendirildi.

BULGULAR: Hastaların %38’i (16) erkek, %62’si (26) kadınlardan oluşurken ortalama yaşları 47.3 yıl (23-72) olarak bulundu. Botulinum toksin uygulanan hastaların, %66.7’si refrakter aşırı aktif mesane, %19’u nörojen mesane, %14.3’ü ise interstisyel sistit hastalarından oluşmaktaydı. Tüm hastalar en az iki farklı antikolinerjik kullanmıştı. Hastaların tedavi öncesi ortalama mesane kapasitesi 264.28 ml olarak hesaplandı. Tedavi sonrası en az 3 ay sonra yeniden yapılan işeme günlüğünde ortalama mesane kapasitesi 329.16 ml olarak hesaplandı (p=0.001). Hastalar tedaviden en az 3 ay sonraki kontrolde %64.2’si çok iyileşme (TFS= 1), %30.9’u iyileşme (TFS= 2) ve sadece %4.8’i şikayetlerinde değişiklik olmadığını (TFS= 3) belirtti. Hiçbir hasta şikayetlerinde kötüleşme (TFS= 4) bildirmedi.

SONUÇ: Medikal tedaviden fayda görmeyen AAM, interstisyel sistit ve nörojen mesane hastalarının ikinci basamak tedavisinde intravezikal botulinum toksin uygulaması faydalı, etkin, güvenli ve düşük maliyetli bir tedavi yöntemidir.
A clean audit and service delivery comparative study of two municipalities in Mpumalanga province in South Africa
Authors: Rukuni Tarisai Fritz , Maramura Tafadzwa Clementine , Mampa Marble
Published: December 2022

In recent years, most South African (SA) municipalities still need to produce clean audits. In 2018 and 2019, most municipalities in SA needed better-quality financial statements and performance reports. Misrepresentation of financial statements in audit reports is linked to inadequate governance, misappropriation of public funds and poor public service delivery. It is upon this background that this study aimed to: (i) assess perceptions of municipality middle management employees on factors affecting auditing, (ii) evaluate the differences in perceptions among municipality middle management employees on factors affecting auditing, (iii) measure the effect of factors affecting auditing on overall clean audit and (iv) establish the effect of clean audit on service delivery at two municipalities in Mpumalanga province. Using a structured questionnaire, a quantitative descriptive approach methodology was employed to collect data from a minimum sample of 294 employees in the middle management category working within the accounting and finance department at two municipalities in Mpumalanga province, SA. SPSS v28 was used to conduct descriptive and multivariate analyses, including mean, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation, and regression analysis. Results indicated that employees from the clean audit municipality had positive perceptions of factors affecting clean audit, while employees from the municipality with an unclean audit had negative perceptions. It was also concluded that factors affecting auditing had a statistically significant positive effect on clean audits. The findings in this study led to significant implications for theory and practice.
Role of normative commitment in fostering university employees’ commitment
Authors: Kalitanyi Vivence
Published: December 2022

A study investigated how normative commitment leads to employee commitment in a South African University. The literature review was conducted on the concepts of employee commitment, normative commitment, and employee commitment in a university setting. An explanatory research design was adopted together with a deductive research approach. Quantitative methodological was chosen to determine the common characteristics of the respondents, and a survey by means of a questionnaire was used to collect data, while descriptive statistics, t-test, and ANOVA (analysis of variance) were conducted on IBM SPSS, Version 26.  Findings suggest that none of the tested variables (gender, age, qualification as well as years in an organisation) influences commitment. This led to the conclusion that normative commitment does not influence employee commitment in that institution. Recommendations to include different variables to test normative commitment have been formulated, involving many other higher learning institutions.
Vaccine education to the rescue of students in the COVID-19 revolution
Authors: Makumane Makhulu , Khoza Simon B. , Zuma Siphesihle
Published: December 2022

COVID-19 has been observed as the Fifth Industrial Revolution (5IR), which has naturally advanced education five/ten years ahead of digitalisation. The COVID-19 revolution has obliged everyone to be a student needing to be educated about national lockdowns, personal hygiene practices, digital technologies, and vaccines. This study intended to explore lessons learned by higher education institution (HEI) students in Eswatini, Lesotho, the Republic of South Africa, and Zimbabwe during the COVID-19/5IR which helped them to complete their PhD studies. Using purposive with convenience sampling, this study selected twenty most accessible PhD students. The pragmatic paradigm, participatory action research (PAR), and natural identity were used to frame this study in order to guide reflective activities, Zoom focus-group discussions, and semi-structured interview data-generation methods. Findings indicated that students achieved good education on personal hygiene practices and digital technologies that assisted them to effectively deal/continue with their studies. However, education on vaccines remained a major concern because participants believed that the world was treating symptoms of COVID-19 by vaccinating humans more than dealing with the source/s of the virus before it affected humans. Consequently, this study recommends a good education that balances personal, societal, and professional needs to understand natural identities.