bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Features of the educational environment of Ukrainian schoolchildren in the conditions of forced migration
Authors: Afanasieva Lyudmila , Bukrieieva Iryna , Glyns’ka Lyudmila , Hlebova Natalia
Published: December 2023

The study of a wide range of issues related to forced migration and adaptation of migrants is of undoubted scientific interest today in the context of changes in public consciousness and its impact on social processes. The article analyzes the state of a person in forced emigration in times of war and the subjective perception by students and parents of the peculiarities of the educational process in the host country and other important factors. It is argued that in the conditions of war there is an aggravation of pain thresholds that affect the transformation of students’ worldview orientations. It is found that most European education systems have responded quickly to new challenges at the state level: they adopt regulations, send out recommendations and manuals for teachers, provide schools with specific tools and increase the number of teachers.

The article summarizes the problems of educating Ukrainian schoolchildren in the context of forced migration caused by a number of political, socio-economic, socio-cultural, and socio- psychological factors. It is established that the main problems of Ukrainian schoolchildren abroad include the following: language barrier; significant differences in educational programs in Ukrainian and foreign institutions; double workload of a child due to studying in a Ukrainian and foreign educational institution; multi-age classes in schools of the host country; attending lessons that have never been taught in a Ukrainian school, etc. A comparative analysis of the data available in the research materials on the subjective perception of students and parents of the peculiarities of the educational process in the host country is carried out. The author analyzes a number of legislative and institutional requirements for the education of schoolchildren in the context of their current implementation. The key tasks of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine to support Ukrainian students who were forced to leave Ukraine due to Russia’s military aggression include: maintaining ties with the Ukrainian education system; ensuring the possibility to continue their studies under the Ukrainian curriculum; obtaining educational documents.
Evaluation of the accused’s testimony in the court of first instance
Authors: Ryzhyy Oleksii
Published: December 2023

The study is devoted to the scientific analysis of the evaluation of the testimony of the accused in criminal proceedings in the court of first instance, on the basis of which relevant proposals are formulated aimed at improving the quality of the court’s activity at this stage of the criminal process. In order to find out the subjects authorized to carry out the assessment of evidence in a judicial criminal process, such categories as «assessment of evidence», «activity of the court in the examination of evidence», «competitiveness» were studied and analyzed. The main requirements for the court’s activity in evaluating the testimony of the accused have been defined: compliance with the procedural requirements for obtaining testimony; absence of significant contradictions in testimony; objective confirmation of testimony by other evidence in the proceedings and others. It is emphasized that the testimony of an accomplice should not be the only evidence or be of decisive importance for the decision of the criminal proceedings on the merits. They should be subject to a more thorough verification of credibility, confirmed by the totality of evidence and used as evidence of the guilt of the person giving the testimony. Arguments are given that in order to maintain the necessary balance between the rights of the accused and the accomplice testifying against him, it is necessary to consider the accomplice as a witness when following the procedure of his interrogation in this status, that is, to warn him of criminal liability for giving knowingly false statements and for refusing to give statements.
Human rights enforcement mechanism: towardback Lauterpacht’s conception
Authors: Derzhypilska Anna
Published: December 2023

The article aims to reflect the historical prerequisites for establishing the human rights protection mechanism and identify points that were not taken into account during the Second World War, which led to the fact that the international legal order turned out to be ineffective in resisting violence and adequately guaranteeing of human rights protection.

The article analyzes the scientific concepts of Professor Hersch Lauterpacht regarding the human rights enforcement mechanism and look over the limits of state sovereignty and the principles of human protection in the international legal system. Separate questions raise further discussions regarding the protection of victims of atrocities in relation to the value of the individual in the system of international law.

The main research methods were anthropological, historical, comparative-legal, hermeneutic, systemic-structural, formal-logical.

The main results of the research are related to the point of effectiveness of the international legal order in terms of the protection of human rights and the grounds that revealed its failure. The researcher is aimed to show, it is important to return to the historical aspects of the creation of this mechanism and, in the context of the cyclical principle, try to formulate a new idea of an effective human rights enforcement mechanism that will meet the requirements of the time and will oppose inhumane actions, which for the third time in history are continued due to its invalidity.

Researching the concept of the proposed mechanism for the protection of human rights during the Second World War and the procedure for the operation of the human rights enforcement body, proposed by Professor Hersh Lautepacht, we can conclude that any such mechanism should be based on international agreement between states, as it is in this way that he can be given the most effective powers and guarantees of effectiveness in the light of the sovereignty.
Educational and professional characteristics of persons who commit criminal offenses through fraud: a criminal analysis
Authors: Pavlova Natalia
Published: December 2023

The aim of the work is forensic analysis of educational and professional characteristics of persons who commit criminal offenses by fraud.

The methodological basis of the study scientific works of criminologists who studied the problems of the identity of the criminal, materials for the study of criminal proceedings regarding fraud, analysis of questionnaires of employees who investigated criminal offenses committed by fraud.

It has been established that the growth of crime, which changes in accordance with socio-economic changes in the state, prompts the search for new forms and methods of crime investigation. One of these directions is the creation of a forensic classification of persons in such a way that, using information about their typical characteristics, it would be possible to solve the general tasks of detecting and investigating criminal offenses.

It is emphasized that for the characterization of a person who commits criminal offenses by fraud, physiological signs do not play a special role, since the commission of such illegal acts does not involve physical force and intimidation, but intelligence, psychological abilities, educational and professional knowledge and skills, etc. At the same time, the criminal-legal aspects of fraudsters should not be ignored, since it is the presence of guilt, motive and direction of intent, etc. that determine the criminality of a person’s actions and contribute to exposing the culprit. After all, when analyzing the features of the forensic characteristics of a fraudster, it is necessary to note a number of circumstances that motivate his behavior.

The educational and professional characteristics of persons who commit criminal offenses by fraud are considered, depending on the sphere in which fraudulent actions are applied.

Conclusions. It has been established that there are many ways of using deception. Instead, the choice of a certain method of committing fraudulent actions depends on a number of subjective and objective factors, among which the possession of skills and knowledge in a certain field by the subjects related to such illegal actions, as well as the level of their education and intellectual development. This is due to the need to use complex mental operations, intelligence and psychological influence to mislead the victim.
The application of separate criteria for evaluating the expert conclusion by the investigating judge at the pre-trial investigation stage
Authors: Petrova Iryna , Dukhnenko Daryna , Kipusheva Tetiana
Published: December 2023

The article highlights that the final stage of forensic examination is evaluation of the expert conclusion by the investigating judge to determine the role and significance of the fact established by the forensic expert and, subsequently, to adopt a fair decision by the court.

The Article Purpose is to specify evaluation criteria used by the investigating judge when evaluating the expert conclusion at the stage of pre-trial investigation of offenses. The authors have concluded that expert conclusions are subject to evaluation by the investigating judge on the basis of general grounds.

The article analyzes and provides a detailed description of individual criteria for evaluating expert conclusions (adequacy, admissibility, veracity, objectivity, legality, authenticity, completeness, etc.).

As a result of carried out research, the need to create a publicly available and legislatively established system of criteria for evaluating expert conclusions has been proven, since the criteria for evaluating the expert conclusion defined by procedural legislation are not exhaustive and do not allow the investigating judge to carry out a comprehensive evaluation not only of the expert conclusions but also of other sources of evidence at the pre-trial investigation stage.
Analysis of the model of regulation of cross-border insolvency under German law
Authors: Poliakov Rodion
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the model of regulation of cross-border insolvency under German law. The purpose of the article is the scientific understanding and identification of the characteristic features of the model of regulation of cross-border insolvency under German law.

The presence of dualism in the legal regulation of the cross-border insolvency procedure under German law for EU member states and non-EU member states has been ascertained.

It is argued that there are five types of proceedings in the cross-border insolvency procedure under the provisions of the German insolvency Statute 1) main proceedings; 2) secondary proceedings; 3) domestic secondary proceedings; 4) foreign proceedings; 5) territorial proceedings), as well as the absence of a legally established definition of these concepts.

The absence of the concept of the debtor’s COMI was found in the provisions of the German insolvency Statute, even despite the fact that such a concept exists in the regulatory act itself, such concept does not fall under the classical understanding of cross-border insolvency, because it concerns the insolvency of a group of companies. The similarity of the provisions of the German insolvency Statute regarding the regulation of cross-border insolvency with the provisions of the predecessor acts of the 19th century regarding the same issue, as well as the exploitation of even similar terminology in relation to territorial proceedings, is proven. The almost complete impossibility of universalism in accordance to the provisions of the German insolvency Statute on cross-border insolvency has been proven, despite the presence, at first glance, of an environment favorable to the implementation of the mentioned theory.

It is substantiated that the modern procedure of cross-border insolvency in Germany for third countries that are not members of the EU embodies the theory of territorialism. It has been proven that the existing territorial ideology of cross-border insolvency in modern Germany can be traced back to the existence of the Konkursordnung of 1877.

By virtue of improving the legislation of Ukraine on bankruptcy, it is proposed to add a new Book to the Bankruptcy Code of Ukraine, which would contain the regulation of the cross-border insolvency procedure.
Challenges for children’s rights in connection with the development of artificial intelligence
Authors: Byelov Dmytro , Bіelova Miroslava
Published: December 2023

This article explores the importance of protecting children’s rights in the context of the rapid development of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence has the potential to change many aspects of a child’s life, and while it can have positive effects, its negative impact also needs due consideration.

The article focuses on four key aspects: privacy, security, discrimination and ethics. It analyzes the risks associated with the collection and processing of children’s personal data by artificial intelligence and requires the establishment of effective privacy protection mechanisms. In addition, it considers the safety of children, especially in the context of the use of autonomous robots and toys, and safety standards that are required to be taken into account in the development of such systems.

The article also focuses on the problem of discrimination that may arise from the systematic use of artificial intelligence. It demands developers to ensure the fairness of algorithms and avoid discrimination against children. Finally, the article considers the ethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence, namely the question of the responsibility of developers and the need for ethical principles in all aspects of its use.

In conclusion, the article emphasizes the need for constant monitoring and regulation of the development of artificial intelligence in order to protect the rights of the child. It recommends the implementation of an effective legislative framework that defines standards for the protection of children’s rights in the context of artificial intelligence. In addition, the article puts forward the idea of developing ethical directives and codes of conduct for developers, researchers and users of artificial intelligence from the perspective of children’s rights.

In general, this scientific article emphasizes the importance of protecting the rights of the child in the context of the development of artificial intelligence. It calls for action at the level of legislation, technological standards and ethical principles, ensuring safety, privacy, non-discrimination and ethical responsibility in all aspects of the use of artificial intelligence to ensure the healthy development and protection of children’s rights in the digital age.

Also, the article is devoted to the analysis of the controversial issue of the relationship between child rights and artificial intelligence. The article examines the consequences of the use of artificial intelligence in the context of children’s rights, the main issues related to the legal protection of children in the field of artificial intelligence, and suggests possible solutions for these problems.
Administrative and legal characteristics of the establishment and development of the organizational and legal principles of the use of individual armor protection: the New Kingdom Period and the Middle Ages
Authors: Strelchenko Anatoly
Published: December 2023

In the article, the author carried out a thorough administrative and legal characterization of the formation and development of the organizational and legal foundations of the use of individual armor protection in such periods as the period of the New Kingdom and the Middle Ages. For the first time, the author conducted a study of the formation and development of the organizational and legal foundations of the use of individual armor protection of various periods dating back to ancient times. With the development of a wide range of armor, weapons also underwent evolution, which made the means of personal protection less effective. That is why they were forced to change their qualities in the process of the evolution of weapons production for their effectiveness. In all periods and in those distant prehistoric times, people tried in every way to protect their body from damage by the enemy. Accordingly, in the studied period of the New Kingdom, heavy armor was used, which was defined as rare and associated with attributes of power and prestige. An important part of the Egyptian royal historiography was determined by the paraphernalia on which the pharaoh was depicted, rushing on a fast-moving chariot, and he at one time struck a crowd of enemies with a bow. Also, to protect the legs, leggings were used as means of personal protection, and to protect the hands, respectively, a hasty glove. This period of development of personal protective equipment was also characterized by the fact that animal skin was used as the first armor to protect the body. Animal skins were wrapped by warriors around the body or simply draped over the shoulders and hung behind, covering the back. Also used was a bronze bell-shaped carapace consisting of front and back plates, with a simple relief depicting the anatomy of the upper human torso. The two plates were connected to each other with the help of the corresponding fasteners, which are located on the sides and on the shoulders. The bell-shaped carapace gradually went out of circulation as it was replaced by the canvas carapace. Along with this shell, there was also an iron shell. Rich Romans wore chain mail, which was apparently also used by some Greeks at the time. The period of formation and development of personal protective equipment, namely the period of the Middle Ages, is characterized by the following features: it is considered “a great period in the history of the development of knightly protective weapons”; three types of soft armor were used, namely: 1) made of fabric (for example, linen) or leather lined with wool or wool; 2) chain mail (used in Europe since the 5th century BC); 3) from metal plates (more or less large and rigid); pleated paper was used for the production of personal protective equipment at that time.
Peculiarities of the forensic examinations appointment in the investigation of criminal offenses encroaching on the economic security of Ukraine in the budgetary sphere
Authors: Vakulyk Olga
Published: December 2023

The article examines the peculiarities of forensic examinations in the course of investigation of criminal offenses, which encroach on the economic security of the state in the budgetary sphere. The article highlights various stages of forensic examination, such as collection of necessary materials; selection of the moment of examination; determination of the subject of forensic examination; formulation of questions to the expert; selection of an expert institution or expert, and so on.

Based on the achievements of criminalists and the results of a survey of practitioners, an attempt is made to determine the list of forensic examinations which are mostly appointed in the investigation of criminal offenses, in particular, forensic economic examination, handwriting examination, technical examination of documents, computer and technical, telecommunications, commodity, video and sound recording, forensic medical, and so on. The author reveals the peculiarities of conducting some of them and outlines the typical issues which are important to resolve when investigating offenses in the budgetary sphere. While appointing and conducting an economic examination, the author emphasizes the importance of establishing not only the total losses, but also those caused by each accomplice; technical examination of documents – on the study of seal and stamp impressions, identification of printers; handwriting examination – identification of signatures and short notes is of particular importance; and so on.

In today’s context, attention is focused on the study of computer hardware and software products, as well as the study of telecommunication systems (equipment) and means for establishing the facts and methods of transmitting or receiving information in telecommunication systems, establishing the facts and methods of access to systems, resources and information in the field of telecommunications, and so on. Attention is drawn to the consultative form of use in the appointment and conduct of forensic examinations in order to avoid mistakes that delay the pre-trial investigation.

All of these achievements are confirmed by the results of statistical data and interviews with practitioners, as well as by the analysis of criminal proceedings in the mentioned category of offenses.
Principles of activity of law enforcement bodies
Authors: Holodnyk Yury
Published: December 2023

Based on the research of scientific opinions, the new administrative-legal doctrine, the analysis of domestic and international legislation, the article examines the key fundamentals of administrative-legal support for the activities of law enforcement agencies. Considering the fact that domestic law enforcement agencies and their officials have constant relations with citizens in their activities, it is emphasized that modern principles of administrative law should play an important role in these relations, which is the purpose of the work. The methodological basis of the work is the provisions of the modern theory of scientific knowledge of legal and social phenomena. In the course of writing the article, general philosophical, general scientific, logical and special legal methods of scientific knowledge were used. The main international principles and standards that determine the content of the activities of law enforcement agencies in international agreements ratified by Ukraine are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the legislation, the modern principles of the National Police, as one of the leading law enforcement agencies of the state, are considered. An important place is given to the characteristics of foreign legal acts aimed at ensuring and protecting the rights of citizens by law enforcement officials. For this purpose, international legal acts, which are one of the main sources of legal regulation of relations arising in the activities of law enforcement agencies, were analyzed. They establish the norms and principles of behavior of an official of a law enforcement agency for the performance of professional activities in relations with citizens and the rules of conduct binding on them in specific conditions of law enforcement activity. The need to introduce special principles of administrative law into the activities of law enforcement agencies is substantiated. On this basis, the following special principles have been researched, substantiated in detail and recommended: the principle of ensuring trust; the principle of ensuring human rights; the principle of providing access to information technologies; the principle of ensuring the confidentiality of information. These principles correspond to the domestic administrative-legal doctrine, international standards and principles, legal relations of officials of law enforcement agencies, which can be an important direction of the new administrative-legal doctrine of law- enforcement agencies.
Analysis of terminology for identifying the risks of ensuring security and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine
Authors: Sokiran Maksym
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the definition of the concept of risk in the context of ensuring safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine. It has been specified that, in general, the risks, which may arise and affect critical information infrastructure objects of Ukraine, are a highly specialized subject matter of research searches. Therefore, there is no clear identification of the term «risk» in the context of the proposed public relations at the scientific level. It has been emphasized that the legislative doctrine also does not define its content and essence.

The general theoretical and legal definition of the term «risk» has been analyzed. An attempt to differentiate its characteristics as a distinct legal phenomenon from related legal categories has been made.

It has been summarized that the category of risk in the context of ensuring safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine is a is a form of manifestation of danger caused by the presence of phenomena, factors, circumstances, events, etc., which can potentially have negative consequences on the course of public relations, functionality of objects or specific legally protected interests in this sphere. In addition, we have clarified that the category of threat should also be understood as a form of manifestation of danger, which is due to the presence of phenomena, factors, circumstances, events, etc., but only those that will damage safety and sustainability of critical information infrastructure in Ukraine in the future (in particular, if it is not neutralized, it will become a risk).

It has been summarized that to ensure that potential risks in the field of critical information infrastructure protection do not become an actual problem, the State, in formulating its policy in this area, should clearly define, i.e. establish at the legislative level what is a risk to critical infrastructure in general and for information one – in particular. This is necessary to develop clear methodologies for monitoring and forecasting certain risks in the future to avoid their negative effects.
Classification of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts
Authors: Kovalyov Artem
Published: December 2023

In the modern science of international law and European law, insufficient attention is paid to the problem of protecting the rights and freedoms of convicts, their typology. Especially in the conditions of modern threats and challenges, there are numerous violations of various categories of the population, including the vulnerable, who are in the temporarily occupied territories. This causes the attention of scientists, as well as representatives of authorized authorities, to be drawn to certain theoretical and practical problems of protecting the rights and freedoms of convicts, their varieties, effective mechanisms of protection, restoration of violated rights.

Therefore, the purpose of the article is to analyze the existing doctrinal sources and relevant approaches, criteria for the classification of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts, to highlight their special varieties, effective mechanisms for the protection of the rights and freedoms of convicts.

There are many types of international legal obligations on the rights and freedoms of convicts, as well as criteria and approaches to their classification. Along with international legal obligations, other related categories are used in the science and practice of international law – international legal mechanisms, international legal standards. Undoubtedly, they also concern the rights and freedoms of convicts, they are interacting but not identical concepts. The analyzed classification groups of international legal mechanisms, standards and obligations to ensure the rights and freedoms of convicts are based on established approaches to the typology of human rights and freedoms, existing international legal norms and principles in this field. At the same time, the penitentiary systems of specific states, including Ukraine, are characterized by specificities, features of national legislation, national penitentiary policy, institutional and other mechanisms.

Reports of international experts and monitoring measures demonstrate certain problems in the way of fulfilling international legal obligations regarding the rights and freedoms of convicts in Ukraine. Therefore, further systematic studies of the European penitentiary concept, the best foreign practices of compliance with such obligations, decisions of the ECtHR, the strengthening of a human-centered approach in the activities of penitentiary authorities, the functioning of an effective legal system that would protect human rights and freedoms regardless of the conditions in which she stays without being discriminated against, without additional restrictions caused by the fact of isolation.
Conditions for the provision of psychiatric care under compulsion: civil law aspect
Authors: Kontarovska Mariyna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the issues of compulsory psychiatric care and ensuring the legitimate rights and interests of a person suffering from mental disorders and subjected to compulsory medical measures. It is noted that the level of a person’s mental health is determined by the influence of many factors – social, biological and psychological. The analysis of current legislation and specialised literature are allowed the author to argue that the issue of mental health of people, the population as a whole, is relevant today also because humanity is faced with various stress factors which can negatively affect human health, and in particular, mental health, worsen the moral and psychological climate in the family due to illness or death of loved ones, devastating natural disasters with a huge number of victims, military conflicts, military operations, including in Ukraine, which entail huge human losses and cause suffering for many.

The author is substantiated the conclusion that compulsory psychiatric care is possible and necessary on the following grounds: the presence (assumption) of an acute mental illness or exacerbation of a chronic mental illness requiring inpatient treatment; danger of a mentally ill person to others or to himself/herself (psychomotor agitation with a tendency to aggressive actions, systematic delusional syndromes if they determine the patient’s socially dangerous behaviour, depressive states with suicidal tendencies, epileptic status, manic and hypomanic states that cause violations of public order or aggressive behaviour towards others, etc. etc.); inpatient examination (labour, military, forensic psychiatric).
Foreign experience in the regulating of administrative legal functions of the prosecution service
Authors: Pavlenko Dmytro
Published: December 2023

The aim of the work is to summarize the international experience in regulating the administrative legal functions of the prosecutor’s office and identify which positive foreign experience Ukraine should utilize in the context of improving the legal regulation of the implementation of administrative functions by prosecutorial bodies. The methodological basis of the study consists of the comparative legal method, which was used in the study of international experience and the experience of foreign countries regarding the organization and functioning of the prosecutor’s office and its administrative functions. Additionally, the formal-legal method was employed to identify gaps and contradictions in relevant legal acts and formulate proposals for its improvement in the context of foreign country experience. The research is also underpinned by the dialectical method, applied to determine approaches to studying the improvement of the structure of administrative functions of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine by considering the study of the composition of administrative functions of prosecutor’s offices in other countries. The abstract summarizes the foreign experience in regulating the administrative legal functions of the prosecution service. It explores international practices and their relevance to enhancing legal frameworks for prosecutorial bodies. The focus is on improving decision-making procedures, personnel processes, and accountability measures, drawing insights from various jurisdictions to inform potential reforms in Ukraine. The results of the research represent a generalization of positive foreign experience that Ukraine should leverage in the context of improving the legal regulation of the implementation of administrative functions by prosecutorial bodies in several directions. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of improvement of the procedure for adopting and implementing managerial decisions, improvement of personnel procedures in the activities of prosecutorial bodies in Ukraine, improvement of the procedure for holding employees of prosecutorial bodies accountable.
Hasan er-Rammah’ın Kitâb el-Furûsiyye ve’l Menâsib el-Harbiyyesi’nin Firdevsî-i Rûmî’nin Terceme-i Silahşornâme’sindeki Yansımaları Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: ŞAHİN Musa
Published: December 2023

Tarih boyunca oyunlarda, tâlimlerde ve savaş alanlarında kullanılan en önemli vasıtalardan biri at olmuştur. Müslümanların tarih sahnesine çıkmasıyla insanın atla buluştuğu binicilik, içinde etik kuralları da barındıran eğitim programı ve kullanılan alet çeşidiyle bir ilim ve sanat dalı haline gelmeye ve furûsiyye adıyla kurumsallaşmaya başladı. İlk olarak Abbâsîler döneminde temayüz etmeye başlayan furûsiyye, Memlûkler döneminde zirveye çıkarak ordu eğitiminin ana omurgasını oluşturan bir disiplin oldu. Dolayısıyla furûsiyye eğitim modelinde Memlûk döneminin, bu dönemde yetişen furûsiyye uzmanlarının arasında da Hasan er-Rammah’ın (ö.1294?) ve kendisine atfedilen Kitâb el-Furûsiyye ve’l Menâsib el-Harbiyye’nin özel bir yeri vardır. Söz konusu eser, ateşli silahların yaygınlaşmasına kadar furûsiyye alanında telif edilen birçok esere ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Bu etkiyi daha Memlûk coğrafyası el değiştirmeden önce Osmanlı’da harp sanatı alanında verilen eserlerde de görmek mümkündür. Bu çalışmada, Hasan er-Rammah’a ait Kitâb el-Furûsiyye ve’l Menâsib el-Harbiyye’nin, 15. yüzyılda yaşamış Osmanlı ilim adamlarından Firdevsî-i Rûmî’nin silah tarihi ve savaş tekniği muhtevalı Terceme-i Silahşornâme adlı eseri üzerindeki izleri araştırılacaktır.
Pretreatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) for Spirulina cultivation
Authors: Basra Ilham , Silalahi Lusiana , Pratama Wahyu Diski , Joelyna Falvocha Alifsmara
Published: December 2023

Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) is liquid waste produced from palm oil processing. The quantity of POME in Indonesia has increased from year by year. POME is not a toxic material, but it will be very dangerous if it is thrown directly without pre-processing, because it will harm the aquatic ecosystem due to its high content of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand). POME has also a high content of nitrogen (N) and phosphor (P), which make POME can be used as medium for microalgae growth. Therefore, this research is aimed to study pretreatment and to utilize its nutrient content (N, P) for medium of spirulina growth. Pretreatment of POME research was conducted by using two stage of cultivation (Chlamydomonas and Chlorella) and dilution factor (0-4x).  The result of this pretreatment was then used for Spirulina growth. Spirulina cultivation was conducted by nutrient addition and without nutrient addition. This research showed that the best performing variation of dilution rate to cultivate Spirulina is 4x dilution. It showed that 4x dilution could reduce COD content until 128.33 mg/L. Besides that, in 4x dilution, microalgae as Chlamydomonas, Chlorella, and Spirulina had the highest growth rate as compared to 2x dilution and without dilution. The best wild algae for pretreatment of POME is Chlorella. Because by using wild algae Chlorella, COD content could be reduced until 128.33 mg/L and achieve the lowest COD content compared with Chlamydomonas. For microalgae growth, addition of nutrient is better than without nutrient, because nutrient could enhance Spirulina photosynthesis.
Guidelines on Photoepilation: Techniques for Intimate Body Areas
Authors:   Senior Research Fellow, Department of Dermatology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark, Town Godfrey ,   RPA2000 Certificated Laser Protection Adviser,   Registered Clinical Technologist, UK, Martin Ross ,   2 Expert Registered Healthcare Practitioner (ERHP), Expert Witness, UK, Clarkson-Dalton Anita ,   Senior Assessor, Online Laser Training Ltd, UK, Hills Samantha ,   Clinical Director, Lynton Lasers Ltd.; Honorary Lecturer, Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, The University of Manchester, UK
Published: December 2023

General best practice guidelines for safe laser/IPL hair reduction have already been published in peer reviewed professional medical journals. The safe operation of a laser/IPL for hair reduction demands creation of a facility safety protocol, compliance with laser/IPL system set-up, designated client parameters and dosimetry. Compliance with national, regional and local regulations are equally applicable for hair removal prior to gender reassignment surgery. These guidelines briefly review the options for hair reduction and the mode of action of photoepilation but concentrate on classification of birth male and birth female intimate body areas and treatment procedure including planning prior to gender reassignment surgery. There is a dedicated review section on pilonidal sinus treatment procedure as well as delegation of photoepilation, adverse effects, safety precautions, pain control and client aftercare.
Safety and Cost-effectiveness of Mini Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy as Day Care Surgery in Paediatric Patients
Authors: Khan Muhammad Kamran , Ullah Naqib , Khan Kakakhel Majid , Arshad
Published: December 2023

Background: The increasing prevalence of urolithiasis in paediatric populations necessitates the exploration of efficient and safe treatment modalities. Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), traditionally an inpatient procedure, has evolved with advancements in surgical techniques and pain management, prompting its consideration as a day care surgery.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of day care mini PCNL in paediatric patients with kidney stones.
Methods: This prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted in a pediatric urology department. Patients aged 3 months to 14 years presenting with kidney stones were included. The procedure involved using a 16Fr mini PCNL nephroscope under general anesthesia and fluoroscopic guidance. Stone fragmentation was achieved using a pneumatic lithoclast, and fragmented stones were retrieved with wash and bifrong forceps. Inclusion criteria were stringent, considering factors like stone size, surgery duration, and patient recovery. Postoperative management included early mobilization, oral antibiotics, and analgesics. Follow-up was scheduled at 1 week and 1 month postoperatively. Data analysis employed SPSS version 20, focusing on variables like age, operative time, readmission rates, and cost comparisons.
Results: The study involved 92 patients, with a gender distribution of 71.7% male and 28.3% female. The average stone size was 2.2 ± 0.7 cm, and the mean operative time was 74 ± 16 minutes. The mean hospital stay was 11 hours, with readmission rates of 6.7%. The cost savings in day care mini PCNL were significant, with an average reduction of 8000 PKR per procedure compared to inpatient care. The success rate of day care surgery was 93.7%.
Conclusion: Day care mini PCNL is a viable, safe, and cost-effective treatment option for pediatric patients with kidney stones. It offers reduced hospital stay, lower costs, and high patient satisfaction without compromising on safety or treatment efficacy.
Digitalization of Economic Security Management in Investment Security of Ukraine
Authors: Kalinin Oleksandr , Kaminsky Oleg , Teslenko Tetiana
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The study of economic security is relevant due to strengthening competition in the world market and military conflicts, which are becoming critical tasks for the state. Studying economic security makes it possible to identify the problematic aspects of a country's economy, find solutions, and develop strategies to ensure a sustainable investment policy. The specifics of changes in organizational models associated with digitalization also transform investment management systems. The most significant digital changes affect economic security, as the high openness of companies contributes to the emergence of various threats and risks to their activities. Therefore, it is essential to study the problems related to the risks of digital transformation within the framework of economic security management in the investment provision of Ukraine.
Aim and tasks.  The purpose of the study is to analyse problems and develop a recommendation for assessing the level of economic security when developing investment projects, taking into account the risks of digital transformation, for better preparation for future projects of post-war reconstruction in Ukraine.
The results. This study developed a conceptual model for assessing the level of economic security, which includes the systematization of critical indicators of economic security and the organization of ensuring end-to-end transparency of information during the implementation of investment projects for the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine based on intelligent technologies. Software for assessing economic security using machine learning methods is proposed, which will allow forecasting the state of the enterprise's economic security for the entire implementation period of the investment project.
Conclusions. This research proved that an enterprise's economic security is a complex and integral economic concept that requires studying the influence of several external and internal factors. Therefore, the established approach to assessing the state of economic security should cover all current investment processes and risks that arise in the context of the digitalization of enterprises, influencing the choice of critical indicators. Post-war reconstruction should be based on the modernization of the economy by improving the security of the business environment (reducing corruption, ensuring private property rights and strengthening the security of business activities) and the transition to a digital society.
Dynamics of Personalization of Political Parties in the Recruitment of Prospective Candidates for Mayor of Solo 2020 (Case Study of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P))
Authors: Mochamad Atami Ridwan  , Fatkhuri
Published: December 2023

This study aims to explain the dynamics that occur in the recruitment process for candidates for Mayor of Solo in the 2020 simultaneous local elections. These dynamics are influenced by personalized action within the party characterized by the dominance of the general chairperson and the weakness of the party organization. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative using primary and secondary data including interviews, documentation, and literature study. The results obtained from this study indicate that there are problems in the recruitment function for candidates for Mayor of Solo, including intervention from the Party Chairperson as a result of his strong domination in political parties so that the party structure at the local level, namely the PDI-P DPC Surakarta City cannot implementing a bottom-up scheme by nominating candidates based on the election results. The weakness of party institutions can also be seen in party regulations regarding the recruitment of regional heads which are not implemented properly, not reflected in the principles of democracy within the party, the lack of independence of the party structure at the local level, to the pragmatism of the party by nominating a solo mayoral candidate based on the candidate's social background. is the son of the son of President Joko Widodo who is currently in office.
Trajtat fonetike dhe kategoritë gramatikore të paskajores në gjuhën shqipe
Authors: Arapi Ina
Published: December 2023

Gjuha letrare shqipe e njësuar1 nuk ka paskajore me funksione të plota sintaksore. Në vend të saj ajo përdor fjalitë e nënrenditura me lidhore dhe formën e pashtjelluar të tipit për të bërë, e cila është një paskajore me funksione sintaksore të kufizuara. Por paskajorja e tipit me punue është përdorur dhe vazhdon të përdoret edhe sot gjerësisht në dialektin gegë2. Prandaj, kur flasim për paskajore në shqipen dhe për ndërkëmbimin e saj me lidhoren, ose format e pashtjelluara analitike, kemi gjithmonë parasysh gegërishten.
Robert Elsie dhe gjuha shqipe
Authors: Islamaj Shefkije
Published: December 2023

Në një intervistë të zhvilluar më 2008 e të botuar në gazetën “Shqip”1, pyetjes së bashkëbisedueses se “shumë lexues do të ishin kuriozë të dinin si ndodhi që një anglez si ju, të bëhej një nga përkthyesit më të njohur të shqipes”2, Robert Elsie i përgjigjet: “Nuk e mendoja kurrë që shqipja do të bëhej pasioni im”. Megjithëse nëntë vite para se të ndahej nga jeta kishte pohuar kështu, Robert Elsie i ishte drejtuar herët Shqipërisë, me kureshtjen e një të posadiplomuari të shkëlqyer, me dëshirën e një të riu për të vëzhguar e për të gjurmuar dhe me pasionin e një studiuesi që ngarend pas së panjohurës.

Kur Robert Elsie erdhi për herë të parë në Shqipëri, më 19783, për qëllime studimore, ai ishte asokohe 28-vjeçar dhe e dinte gjuhën shqipe, e kishte mësuar në mënyrë autodidakte. Ky vit mund të quhet si viti i fillimit të lidhjes së tij të përjetshme me shqiptarët, me gjuhën shqipe, me letërsinë, me historinë, me kulturën shqiptare. Ata që e kanë njohur asokohe thonë se që atëherë ai “fliste shqip me një fjalor jo shumë të pasur, por i shqiptonte shumë saktë të gjitha zanoret e bashkëtingëlloret e gjuhës sonë dhe nuk mund ta dalloje se cila ishte gjuha e tij amtare”4. Ai njihte mirë, pos gjuhës se tij amtare, gjermanishtes, edhe gjuhë të tjera, si anglishten, frëngjishten, keltishten, italishten, serbishten etj.
Dy konferenca të albanologes kineze Prof. Ke Jin
Authors: Kapllani Kujtim
Published: December 2023

Më 22 janar 2018 në Akademinë e Shkencave të Shqipërisë albanologia kineze, prof. Ke Jin nga katedra e gjuhës shqipe në Universitetin e Gjuhëve të Huaja të Pekinit (Beijing Foreign Studies University BFSU), mbajti një ligjëratë për krijimtarinë e gjeniut të letrave shqipe, Ismail Kadare. Njoftimi për këtë veprimtari u prit me interesim të veçantë, prandaj në sallën “Aleks Buda” ishin të pranishëm studiues të shumtë të gjuhës dhe të letërsisë shqipe, të shkencave të tjera shoqërore dhe të natyrës, shkrimtarë dhe artistë; gazetarë të televizioneve dhe të gazetave të ndryshme; punonjës të institucioneve kulturore, diplomatë shqiptarë e kinezë etj.
Si KANCIL BERENANG DI KOLAM BUAYA: Berteologi “Pop” di Patahan Masyarakat Urban
Authors: Tambunan Elia , Sianipar Ronald
Published: December 2023

Pendidikan tinggi keagamaan Kristen di Indonesia tengah menghadapi problem, di mana teologi urban adalah topik yang relatif baru, masih diperlukan usaha yang serius untuk itu, kita belum banyak melihat praksisnya lebih gamblang. Bagaimana menghadirkan sumber daya kreatif di masyarakat urban,(kaum ini menekankan sekularisme, liberalisme pemikiran di sisi tertentu, maupun konservatisme, radikalisme agama di sisi lain), untuk menjalankan cara praksis berteologi? Itulah yang hendak dijawab dalam tulisan ini.Dengan menampilkan Jungle School Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, (satu pendidikan non formal sekolah alam, menjadi lokus kajian), tampak praksis bersekolah bisa reflektif bahkan kontributif untuk kebutuhan edukasi kaum urban. Jika benar adanya pendidikan ialah bagian dari pelaksanaan teologi seperti terakui oleh pakar terkait selama ini, maka dari tulisan ini (yang dilakukan dengan riset kualitatif dari refleksi empiris di mana peneliti adalah aktor-orang dalam) terlihat, paedagogia sebagai sisi lain Amanat Agung Kristus yang tidak banyak diseminasikan selama ini.
Evaluation of Uncertainty in Measurement for Magnification Error of Metallographic Microscope Objective Lens
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Tao , Zeng Zhengzhong , Xia Jianpin , Chang Yuzhou
Published: December 2023

Propose a method for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of magnification error in metallographic microscope objective lens. Establish a measurement uncertainty evaluation model based on calibration methods and analyse the sources of each uncertainty. Combining measurement examples, this article elaborates on the evaluation of uncertainty in the measurement of magnification error of metallographic microscope objective lens.