bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effect of cervical Hyoscine on the first and second stages of labor duration of nulliparous women: A single-blind clinical trial
Authors: saeid Fatemeh amir pour , Ghorashi Zohreh , Khalilabadi Sakineh Mirzaei
Published: August 2022

Background: Previous studies have investigated the effect of various pharmacological forms of hyoscine to reduce the duration of labor. However, no study has been performed to investigate the effect of cervical hyoscine on the length of the first and second stages of labor. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical hyoscine on the duration of the first and second stages of labor in nulliparous women referred to Nik Nafs maternity hospital in Rafsanjan in 2021. Methods: In this single-blind clinical trial, a population of 120 women who had cervical dilatation of at least 4 cm and regular uterine contractions entered the study and randomly assigned to intervention (n=60) and control (n=60) group. The intervention group received 1 ml of hyoscine (equivalent to 20 mg) single dose and the control group received 1 ml of single-dose distilled water with needleless syringes cervically. All the required information including dilatation at the time of injection, length of the first and second and third stages of labor, Apgar score of one and five minutes and the amount of postpartum hemorrhage were accurately recorded in the checklist. Data were analyzed using Independent two-sample t-test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test and Two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: In the intervention group, 9 women (0.15%) and in the control group 17 women (28.3%) delivered by cesarean section. The mean duration of the first, second and third stages of labor (minutes) were not significantly different in the two groups (p <0.05). Also, there was not statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of abnormal postpartum hemorrhage and neonatal Apgar scores.Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that cervical administration of hyoscine for facilitating vaginal delivery may reduce the cesarean section rate without maternal or fetal side effects. Further studies are recommended.Trial registration: This clinical trial was registered in the IRCT system with the code IRCT20181219042051N3.
Lower leg blood pressure decreases while calf external pressure increases with the angulation of the Trendelenburg position in the lithotomy position with calf- and foot-supported leg holders
Authors: Mizuno Ju , Iijima Satomi , Takahashi Toru
Published: August 2022

Objective
Patients who underwent lower abdominopelvic surgeries in the lithotomy position (LP) and the Trendelenburg position (TP) with the leg holder are at risk of developing well leg compartment syndrome (WLCS). However, contributing factors related to the LP with TP associated with WLCS are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the associations between external pressure at the calf in the LPs at different angulations of the TP and physiological characteristics.
Methods
Eighty-four university students (age, 21.7 ± 0.9; 42 men and 42 women) voluntarily participated in the study. The awake participants were placed in the LPs using the calf- and foot-supported leg holder at 0° (horizontal level), 5°, 10°, and 20° head-down tilts by moving the electric operating table. The peak contact pressure (pCP) was measured at the calf as a representative external pressure using the pressure distribution measurement system BIG-MAT®.
Results
Lower leg blood pressure significantly decreased with TP angulation, while calf pCP significantly increased with it at 0°, 5°, 10°, and 20° head-down tilts (39.4 ± 15.2, 46.5 ± 17.7, 47.2 ± 16.9, and 50.3 ± 17.6 mmHg, respectively). The calf pCP with a 10° head-down tilt was correlated positively with the calf total force (P < 0.001) and negatively with the calf contact area (P < 0.001).
Conclusion
Blood hypoperfusion due to low lower leg blood pressure secondary to lower leg elevation and head-down tilt, and high calf external pressure due to direct external compression from the leg holder where it is loaded may contribute to WLCS.
Protective effect of silymarin nanoemulsion on 5-fluorouracil-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in rats
Authors: Safarpour Soheila , Safarpour Samaneh , Moghadamnia Ali Akbar , Kazemi Sohrab , Ebrahimpour Anahita , Shirafkan Fatemeh
Published: August 2022

Purpose: 5-Fluorouracil (5FUra) is the third most popular chemotherapeutic component employed to treat solid tumors. Silymarin (SM), a flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects on gastrointestinal diseases. In the present study, we aimed to appraise the silymarin (SM) and silymarin nanoemulsion (SMN) effect on 5FUra-induced gastrointestinal toxicity in adult male rats. Methods: Total of 30 male Wistar rats were divided into 6 groups including the control, SMN (5 mg.kg-1), SM (5 mg.kg-1), 5FUra+SMN (5 mg.kg-1), and 5FUra +SM (5 mg.kg-1) for 14 days, and 5FUra (100 mg.kg-1). Gastrointestinal toxicity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 5‐FUra (100 mg.kg-1). The control group received an intraperitoneal injection (ip) of normal saline and the treatment groups received ip injection of SM and SMN for 14 days. Results: Treating with SM and SMN diminished raised malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, histopathological degenerations, increased interleukin-2 (IL-2) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) expression induced by 5FUra in gastrointestinal tissues, and improved total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels and oral ulcerations. The body weight of rats was prevented to decrease particularly in the SMN group. Hence, treatment with SM and SMN reduced oxidative stress, histopathological degeneration, and the gene expression of inflammatory markers in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion: The results indicated that treatment with SM and SMN markedly decreases the gastrointestinal toxicity caused by 5FUra.
Genetic evaluation of Theobroma grandiflorum hybrid families for fruit yield and resistance to witches’ broom
Authors: Chaves Saulo Fabrício da Silva , Dias Luiz Antônio dos Santos , Alves Rodrigo Silva , Alves Rafael Moysés , Evangelista Jeniffer Santana Pinto Coelho , Dias Kaio Olimpio das Graças
Published: August 2022

Theobroma grandiflorum is a perennial fruit-bearing species with a long breeding cycle (~ 12 years). In multi-harvest data analyses, one frequently observes heteroscedasticity and genetic/statistical imbalance, which requires adequate statistical methods. This study aimed to compare the adequacy of multi-harvest models with homogenous and heterogeneous residual variance and to define the optimal number of harvests for an accurate genetic selection of T. grandiflorum families with high fruit yield persistence and resistance to witches’ broom. We used a generalized linear mixed model to analyse the resistance to witches’ broom. The data refers to an unbalanced trial with 34 triple-cross hybrid families, arranged in a randomized complete block design. We evaluated these families throughout nine consecutive harvests regarding fruit yield and resistance to witches’ broom. The variance components, genetic parameters and genotypic values were estimated/predicted through residual maximum likelihood/best linear unbiased prediction methodologies. The model with heterogeneous residuals had a better fit than the homogeneous model for the fruit yield trait, according to Akaike information criterion. The results attest to the genetic variability in the evaluated population. To select the best individual for the next breeding cycle, three and two harvests are enough for selecting accurately for fruit yield and resistance to witches’ broom, respectively. For commercial release, nine harvests are necessary for both traits. We identified ten high-performance families regarding fruit yield persistence and resistance to witches’ broom.
Methionine metabolism is down-regulated in heart of long-lived mammals
Authors: Mota-Martorell Natalia , Jove Mariona , Berdún Rebeca , Òbis Èlia , Barja Gustavo , Pamplona Reinald
Published: August 2022

Methionine constitutes a central hub of intracellular metabolic adaptations leading to an extended longevity (maximum lifespan). The present study follows a comparative approach analyzing methionine and related metabolites and amino acids profiles using a LC-MS/MS platform in heart from seven mammalian species with a longevity ranging from 3.8 to 57 years. Our findings demonstrate the existence of species-specific heart phenotypes associated with high longevity characterized by: i) low concentration of methionine and its related sulphur-containing metabolites; ii) low amino acid pool; and iii) low choline concentration. Our results support the existence of heart metabotypes characterized by a down-regulation in long-lived species, supporting the idea that in longevity less is more.
Is Ventricular Lavage The Novel Treatment For Neonatal Posthemorrhagic Hydrocephalus? A Meta analysis
Authors: Parenrengi Muhammad Arifin , Ranuh I. G. M Aswin R. , Suryaningtyas Wihasto
Published: August 2022

IntroductionIntraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) may produce obliterative arachnoiditis, which disrupts the flow and absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), resulting in posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH). PHH gives a high risk of neurofunctional impairment. Drainage, irrigation and fibrinolytic therapy (DRIFT) and neuroendoscopic lavage (NEL) is the treatment options for PHH. This review’s aim is to determine the best treatment for PHH.Methods This review is a meta-analysis using the PRISMA method guideline, including the clinical studies comparing ventricular lavage (VL)/ DRIFT/ NEL with conventional treatment for PHH between 2000 and 2021.Results VL group reduce the shunt dependency compared to conventional treatment (OR = 0.22; 95CI 0.05 to 0.97; p = 0.05). VL group has less infection risk compared to the conventional treatment group (RR = 0.20; 95CI 0.07 to 0.59; p < 0.05). VL group may reduce the multiloculated hydrocephalus (OR = 0.27; 95CI 0.12 to 0.63; p < 0.05). The severe neurofunctional outcome is similar between the two groups (OR = 0.99; 95CI 0.13 to 7.23; p = 0.99). The early approach treatment group may give better neurofunctional outcome compared to the late approach (OR = 0.14; 95CI 0.06 to 0.35; p < 0.05).ConclusionVL reduce the shunt dependency on the PHH, decreasing the shunt’s related infection rate. The early ventricular lavage may give benefit for the neurocognitive outcome.
Temporal Trends in the Burden of Non-communicable Diseases in Countries with the Highest Malaria Burden, 1990-2019: Evaluating the Double Burden of Non-communicable and Communicable Diseases in Epidemiological Transition
Authors: Li Zhuo , Shi Junyi , Li Na , Wang Minmin , Jin Yinzi , Zheng Zhijie
Published: August 2022

Background
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries, where 96% of global malaria deaths occur. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of NCDs in countries with the current highest malaria mortality.
Methods
Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study (1990–2019). We selected the ten countries with malaria's highest age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and identified and ranked the five NCDs with the highest ASMR in each country. Measures of the NCDs disease burden included ASMR, age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to a disability (YLD). The Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to examine the trends of the NCDs disease burden from 1990 to 2019.
Results
As of 2019, the ASMR of chronic liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, hypertensive heart disease and stroke were higher than the global average. From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR for Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease increased by 3.0%, 8.6%, 13.3%, and the age-standardised DALY rate increased by 3.7%, 24.4%, 6.3%, of which the increases tended to be younger in most of the selected countries.
Conclusion
The double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases is crippling the health systems of many sub-Saharan African countries and is often neglected. The prevention, surveillance, and control of diseases require an integrated strategy, with governments and non-government organisations aligned and supported by the global initiative.
Subtype distribution of lymphomas in northwestern Iran: A retrospective analysis of 659 cases according to World Health Organization classification
Authors: Jalili Javad , Vahedi Amir , Danandehmehr Amin , Aynechi Parya , Esfahani Ali , Roosta Yousef , Nateghian Hooman , Asbagh Amirhosein Ghafouri , Hajihoseinlou Fatemeh
Published: August 2022

Background: The distribution of lymphoma subtypes differs strikingly by geographic variations. However, there is limited information on this research in northern Iran. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, subtype, age, sex, and extranodal distribution of lymphomas diagnosed according to the latest WHO classification in a large referral center in northwest Iran.Methods: In a retrospective study, the medical records of all patients with a diagnosis of lymphoma made between 2018 and 2021 were retrieved from the pathology archive of Imam Reza Medical Center, Tabriz. Lymphoma diagnosis was also made based on the appreciation of morphologic and immunophenotypic features and genetic characteristics in the context of clinical presentation.Results: This study includes a total of 659 patients with lymphoma diagnosed from 2018 to 2021. The number of lymphoma patients were increased each year, with 51 (7.7 %), 96 (14.6 %), 244 (40.7 %), and 268 (40.7 %) reported from 2018 to 2021, respectively. 59% of the patients were men. The participants' mean age was 50.5±19.8 years, while the mean age at diagnosis was 49.3±19.6 years. 2.1% were precursor lymphoid neoplasm, 61.6% were mature B cell neoplasm, 8.8% were mature T cell neoplasm, and 27.5 percent were Hodgkin lymphoma. The most prevalent subtype of mature B-cell lymphoma was DLBCL (55.1 %), followed by SLL (18.7 %). Extranodal involvement was seen in 40.5% of all cases. Conclusion: The subtype distribution of lymphomas in northwest Iran is reported and compared with studies all over the world and inside Iran.
Gamma ray detection performance of newly developed MAPD-3NM-II photosensor with LaBr3(Ce) crystal
Authors: Holik Michael , Ahmadov Farid , Sadigov Azer , Ahmadov Gadir , Berikov Daniyar , Mamedov Fadahat , Naghiyev Jalal , Stekl Ivan , Sadygov Ziraddin , Mammadli Arzu , Garibli Aydan , Urban Ondrej , Zich Jan
Published: August 2022

This paper is devoted to gamma-ray detection performance of the newly developed MAPD-3NM-II type SiPM sensor array (4x4) with LaBr3(Ce) scintillator. The gamma-ray spectra of various sources have been measured in the energy range from 26 keV up to 1332 keV. The newly developed array based on MAPD-3NM-II sensors proved ∼22 % enhancement in energy resolution in comparison to the former MAPD-3NM-I based array. The energy resolution of 662 keV gamma-rays measured by MAPD-3NM-II was 3.3 % while clearly surpassing 4.25 % resolution of MAPD-3NM-I predecessor. The enhancement is related to the high PDE of the new MAPD-3NM-II. Obtained results show that the new MAPD-3NM-II demonstrated good energy resolution and linearity in the studied energy region. The energy resolution of the new detector developed based on MAPD-3NM-II was better than all previous products of MAPD.
Numerical study of the effect of ultrasound waves on the turbulent flow with chemical reaction in the combustion chamber
Authors: shateri Amirali , jalili Bahram , saffar Saber , Jalili Payam , Ganji Davood Domiri
Published: August 2022

In the present study, a numerical analysis of turbulent flow in a combustion chamber in 5 milliseconds limited the Reynolds number 16700 by applying a 20 kHz wave from a Bowl-shaped diffusion source over 1 second to process temperature reduction. This study aims to improve the combustion process time and further turbulence of the flow to increase the combustion rate and reduce unburned hydrocarbons in the walls. The k - ω model uses the turbulence–chemistry interaction modeled using the eddy dissipation concept. Two methods have been proposed: relocating the nozzles and applying waves which caused Increasing CO2 combustion from 0.31 to 0.34 by decreasing the distance between nozzles. Also, a spray angle of 45° was introduced as the best angle to reduce the fuel film on the walls and improve combustion. Furthermore, using ultrasound waves, the transfer of flame concentration from the walls to the center of the chamber occurred, which reduced unburnt hydrocarbons on the walls. Wave application improves the flame and creates wrinkles at the edges of the flame, which ultimately leads to a 10% improvement in the performance of the combustion process.
Talking Heads: Bone conduction facilitates self-other voice discrimination
Authors: Orepic Pavo , Kannape Oliver Alan , Faivre Nathan , Blanke Olaf
Published: August 2022

One’s own voice is one of the most important and most frequently heard voices and the sound we associate most with ourselves, and yet, it is perceived as strange when played back in a recording. One of the main reasons is the lack of bone conduction that is inevitably present when hearing own voice while speaking. The resulting discrepancy between experimental and natural self-voice stimuli has significantly impeded self-voice research, rendering it one of the least investigated aspects of self-consciousness. Accordingly, factors that contribute to self-voice perception remain largely unknown. In a series of three studies, we rectified this ecological discrepancy by augmenting experimental self-voice stimuli with bone-conducted vibrotactile stimulation that is present during natural self-voice perception. Combining voice-morphing with psychophysics, we demonstrate that specifically self-other but not familiar-other voice discrimination improved for stimuli presented using bone as compared to air conduction. Furthermore, our data outline independent contributions of familiarity and acoustic processing to separating the own from another’s voice: although vocal differences increased general voice discrimination, self-voices were more confused with familiar than unfamiliar voices, regardless of their acoustic similarity. Collectively, our findings show that concomitant vibrotactile stimulation improves auditory self-identification, thereby portraying self-voice as a fundamentally multimodal construct.
Triglyceride-Glucose Index is significantly associated with the risk of hyperuricemia in patients with diabetic kidney disease
Authors: Li Qiuhong , Shao Xian , Zhou Saijun , Cui Zhuang , Liu Hongyan , Wang Tongdan , Fan Xiaoguang , Yu Pei
Published: August 2022

Background: Triglyceride–glucose (TyG) index has been proposed to be a simple, economical, and reliable marker of insulin resistance. We aimed to investigate whether TyG is an independent predictor of hyperuricemia in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) populations by conducting a cross-sectional and longitudinal study.Methods: A total of 6,471 patients were enrolled in cross-sectional analysis, and 3,634 patients without hyperuricemia at the baseline were included in longitudinal analysis and were followed up for a median of 23.0 months. Hyperuricemia was categorized as a serum uric acid level ≥420 umol/L (7 mg/dL).Results: In this study, 19.58% of participants had hyperuricemia. In the cross-sectional analysis, multivariate logistics regression analysis showed that the ORs (95% CI) for hyperuricemia in the second, third, and fourth TyG quartiles were 1.29 (95% CI: 0.81–2.06), 1.35 (95% CI: 0.84–2.17), and 3.18 (95% CI:1.99–5.10), respectively, compared with the first quartile. Longitudinally, multivariate Cox regression model revealed that the hazard ratios for hyperuricemia in the upper quartiles of the TyG index were 1.13 (95% CI: 0.76-1.68), 1.73 (95% CI: 1.20-2.51), and 2.14 (95% CI: 1.47-3.10), respectively, compared with the first quartile. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed that higher TyG levels predicted higher incidence of hyperuricemia. Moreover, the subgroup analyses revealed that the relationship between TyG levels and hyperuricemia was robust in DKD patients.Conclusion: Our findings indicate a significant independent correlation between the TyG index and the risk of hyperuricemia in DKD patients.
Effects of different fertilization methods on soil microbial community and diversity and crop yield in a sweet potato field
Authors: Zhao Lin , Yan Jianli , Luo Letan , Zhang Hongyun , Shi Jiang , Wang Daoze
Published: August 2022

o Aims Different fertilizers such as microbial fertilizer, vegetable cake, mushroom residue, quicklime, soil conditioner, organic fertilizer, and compound fertilizer were used, and their effects on soil microbial community and sweet potato yield were studied. Thirty different treatments were set up, and the agronomic traits, quality, and characteristics of sweet potato were determined. The effects of these treatments on soil pH, nutrient indicators, and microbial community structure were also investigated. o Methods Combining field agronomic character investigation, soil nutrient and other indicators determination and bioinformatics analysis of soil microorganisms. o Results Differences among the indicators under different planting modes. Seaweed microbial fertilizer and quicklime + biomass charcoal appropriately increased the growth of sweet potato stems and leaves. Zeolite and sheep manure organic fertilizer appropriately increased the yield of sweet potato. In the case of combined application of organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, when the proportion of organic fertilizer was high, the stems and leaves of sweet potato grew vigorously, and when the proportion of compound fertilizer was high, the yield of sweet potato was high. o Conclusions Although both soil nutrient content and organic matter content equally affected sweet potato yield, there were constraints and balances between them, and a higher value of either of them did not provide a better yield. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria in soil microorganisms was positively correlated with sweet potato yield. Firmicutes was also associated with yield, no positive correlation was found. Latescibacteria, Ignavibacteriae, and RBG-1 (Zixibacteria) were probably associated with elevated soil pH.
Insight into the Neuroprotective Effect of Genistein-3′-sodium sulfonate against Neonatal Hypoxic-Ischaemic Brain Injury in Rats by Bioinformatics
Authors: Xie Ting , Shuang Liyan , Liu Gaigai , Zhao Shanshan , Yuan Zhidong , Cai Hao , Jiang Lixia , Huang Zhihua
Published: August 2022

Background
Currently, therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the only intervention approved for the treatment of neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE), but the treatment window for TH is narrow (within 6 h after birth), and its efficacy is not ideal. Thus, alternative treatments are urgently needed., Our previous studies showed that Genistein-3′-sodium sulfonate (GSS), a derivative of genistein (Gen), has a strong neuroprotective effect in ischemia stroke rats, but its role in HIE is unclear.
Methods
The HI brain injury model was established in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) neonatal rats. Following treatment with GSS, cerebral infarction, neurological function, neuron damaged were assessed 24 h after reperfusion. RNA-Seq and bioinformatics analysis were used to explore differential expression genes (DEGs) and signals, which were validated by Western blotting subsequently.
Results
In this study, we found that GSS not only significantly reduced brain infarct size of rats with HIE and alleviated nerve damage, but also inhibited neuronal loss and degeneration in neonatal rats with HIE. A total of 2170 DEGs, of which 1102 were upregulated and 1068 were downregulated, were identified in the GSS group compared with the HI group. Downregulated DEGs significantly enriched in the Phagosome, NF-κB signalling pathway, Complement and coagulation cascades, and so on. Upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the Pathways of neurodegeneration, Glutamatergic synapse, Calcium signalling pathway, and so on.
Conclusion
These results indicate that GSS intervenes the process of HIE-induced brain injury by participating in multiple pathways, which provided drug candidates for the treatment of HIE.
Experimental Study on the Effect of Propionibacterium and Acetic acid on Candida albicans contamination in chicken fillet stored at Chilling Conditions
Authors: Shaltout Fahim , Salem Ramadan , Eldiasty Eman , Diab Fatma
Published: August 2022

The current experimental study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of two food additives (Propionibacterium and acetic acid) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5%) on Candida albicans (C. albicans) including recording their impact on the sensory characteristics of the treated chicken fillet samples in chilling conditions (4 ± 1OC). After physical and microbial examination for nine days of storage, results showed significant improvement in the sensory characteristics of the treated samples, especially with increasing the concentration of the tested additives when compared with the control untreated samples, which were spoiled on the 9th day of inoculation. Regarding the anti-C. albicans effect of the tested materials, in general, C. albicans showed a higher reduction percent with increasing the concentration of the inoculated additives; furthermore, the treated samples with 2.5% and 5.0% acetic acid, after nine days of inoculation, showed more reduction in C. albicans counts than the treated samples with Propionibacterium of the same concentration. Referring to the obtained results, Propionibacterium and acetic acid (2.5% and 5.0%) could be considered good choices for preserving and enhancing the quality of chilled chicken fillets, and may be recommended for their usage in chicken fillet preservation as safe and easily applied food additives.
The expected values and variances for degree-based topological indices in random spiro chains
Authors: Zhang Weilin , You Lihua , Liu Hechao , Fang Xiaona
Published: August 2022

In this paper, a general method of calculating the expected values and variances for degree-based topological indices in random spiro chains are obtained. Based on the general method, the explicit analytical expressions for the expected values and variances of some important degree-based topological indices in random spiro chains are presented, in which some known results are included. Besides, the expected values and variances for degree-based topological indices in random spiro chains are compared. In the end, the extremal values and the average values for degree-based topological indices of a spiro chain with n hexagons are determined.
Differential modulation of the bacterial endophytic microbiota of Festuca arundinaceae (tall fescue) cultivars by the plant-growth promoting strain Streptomyces albidoflavus UYFA156
Authors: Battistoni Federico , Jauri Patricia Vaz , Santos Cecilia de los , Fernández Belén , Sotelo José
Published: August 2022

PurposeThis work explores the effect of inoculation of the plant growth-promoting endophyte Streptomyces albidoflavus UYFA156 on the endophytic microbiota of its host, Festuca arundinaceae SFRO Don Tomás, and of another cultivar, Tacuabé, in which no growth promotion is observed.MethodsIn vitro growth inhibition of fourteen bacterial endophytes from both cultivars was tested in dual cultures. Then, bacterial endophytic DNA was extracted from seeds and 7 and 30 days old plants of both cultivars with and without inoculation, with three replicates of each treatment. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene was amplified and sequenced through Ion Torrent and sequences were analyzed with R packages.ResultsDiversity and composition in the seeds, along plant development, and in response to inoculation varied significantly. In 7 days old uninoculated plants, endophytic bacterial diversity was lower in cultivar SFRO Don Tomás than Tacuabé. However, upon inoculation, diversity in the cultivar SFRO Don Tomás increased significantly, approximately two-fold, with respect to uninoculated plants. On the other hand, no differences in diversity were observed in cultivar Tacuabé. Furthermore, microbiota composition varied significantly in plants of the cultivar SFRO Don Tomás upon inoculation, whereas this did not occur in Tacuabé plants. ConclusionGrowth promotion by the endophyte S. albidoflavus UYFA156 is accompanied by an early effect in bacterial microbiota diversity and composition associated with F. arundinaceae plants. These results encourage further explorations about the relationship between bacterial community modulation and plant growth promotion upon bacterial endophyte inoculation.
Case analysis of hepatotoxicity caused by vancomycin
Authors: Wu Jiayao , Zhou Yulu
Published: August 2022

Objective: To analyze the characteristics and clinical manifestations of liver injury caused by vancomycin, and to provide reference for clinical medication. Methods: Patients with liver function injury who received vancomycin treatment in the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University and Hunan Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 2016 to 2021 were selected for retrospective analysis of their general situation, course of vancomycin, dose, liver function index, severity of liver injury, combined medication, etc. Results: Of the 4562 patients who received vancomycin, 17 patients were finally included, with an incidence rate of 0.37%. There were 12 males (70.6%) and 5 females (29.4%); age 17-84, average 45.41±20.405. All patients were evaluated with Naranjo’s score, score ≥3. The dosage, time and plasma concentration of vancomycin in patients were analyzed, 9 patients (52.94%) had abnormal liver function when they received vancomycin at the initial dose of 1g Q12h. 14 patients (82.35%) with liver injury were combined with 2 ~ 4 drugs, and severe liver injury occurred in patients who combined with 2 drugs. Occurrence time of liver injury was 2-12 days after the initiation of vancomycin, average 4.53±2.401 days, 16 patients (94.1%) showed abnormal liver function within 7 days after medication, and 2 patients with grade 3-4 liver injury all showed abnormal within 3 days after medication. Only 4 of the 17 patients (23.53%) had vancomycin blood concentration within the normal range, and no correlation was found between blood concentration and severity of liver injury. The correlation between the severity of liver injury and vancomycin was analyzed, none of the patients had allergies such as rash, 2 patients (11.76%) had jaundice and fatigue occurred in 5 patients (29.41%); the remaining 10 patients (58.82%) had no symptoms related to liver injury. All 17 patients showed abnormal AST/ALT, and 9 patients also showed abnormal bilirubin; 15 patients (88.24%) liver injury severity was grade 1, indicating mild hepatic impairment, and no correlation between liver injury severity and creatinine was observed. Among the 17 patients, 1 patient received no intervention, 4 patients stopped taking vancomycin after developing liver damage, and 1 patient reduced dose; 11 patients (64.7%) were treated with hepatinica. Conclusion: Although the study concluded that the incidence of liver injury was not high, the liver toxicity of vancomycin should still be paid attention to and the liver function indicators should be monitored during the clinical use of vancomycin.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Hepatitis B Infected Liver for Prediction of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Risk
Authors: Karaoglu Diren Arda , Canlı Secil Demirkol , Simsek Cem , Gure Ali Osmay
Published: August 2022

Hepatocellular cancer (HCC) is a leading cause of cancer related mortality worldwide and chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) has been a major risk factor for HCC development. Pathogenesis of HBV related HCC has been a major focus revealing the interplay of a multitude of intracellular signaling pathways, yet the precise mechanisms and their implementations to clinical practice remains to be elucidated. This study utilizes publicly available transcriptomic data from livers of CHB patients in order to identify a population with a higher-risk of malignant transformation. We thus identified a novel list of genes which can generate clear transcriptomic sub-groups among HBV infected livers. The GSEA of one of the groups, which we named “PCI-U”, showed increased expression of cell cycle related genes and enrichment of liver cancer gene-sets in GSEA analysis, in addition an increased level of M1 macrophages, T cell infiltration and inflammation. We suggest that patients with a PCI-U signature be followed closely, as we predict such patients might have a higher chance of malignant transformation.
Effects of hygrothermal and salt mist ageing on the properties of epoxy resins and their composites
Authors: Wang Baoming , Ci Shengzong , Di Chengrui , Yu Junwei , Zhu Bo , Qiao Kun
Published: August 2022

Epoxy resins have a wide range of outdoor applications wherein they are affected by ageing. In this study, the ageing of epoxy resins and their carbon fibre reinforced composites was artificially accelerated under hygrothermal and salt mist conditions. The moisture penetration along the depth, water absorption, appearance, hardness, the density of the epoxy resins, and the variation pattern of impact strength and tensile strength of the epoxy-based composites were investigated. The ageing mechanisms were explored using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Both the ageing modes had essentially similar influences on the properties of the resins and their composites and did not significantly affect the chemical structure, thermal decomposition properties, and microstructure of the epoxy resin, with physical adsorption of water primarily observed during the ageing process. Though the water penetration rate in salt mist ageing was slightly higher than that in hygrothermal ageing in the early ageing stage, it was essentially the same in the later stage. The absorbed water during the ageing process caused micro-cracks at the interface between the fibres and the resin weakening the interfacial strength and reducing the mechanical properties of the composites.
Electrical Analysis of Logical Proof: an Exploratory Eeg Study of Logically Valid/invalid Inference
Authors: Francisco Salto , Carmen Requena , Paula Alvarez-Merino , Víctor Rodríguez , Jesús Poza , Roberto Hornero
Published: August 2022

Introduction. Logically valid deductive arguments are clear examples of abstract recursive computational procedures on propositions or on probabilities. However, it is not known if the cortical time-consuming inferential processes in which logical arguments are eventually realized in the brain are in fact physically different from other kinds of inferential processes.Methods. In order to determine whether an electrical EEG discernible pattern of logical deduction exists or not, a new experimental paradigm is proposed contrasting logically valid and invalid inferences with exactly the same content (same premises and same relational variables) and distinct logical complexity (propositional truth-functional operators). Electroencephalographic signals from 19 subjects (24.2 ± 3.3 years) were acquired in a two-condition paradigm (100 trials for each condition). After the initial general analysis, a trial-by-trial approach in beta-2 band allowed to uncover not only evoked but also phase asynchronous activity between trials. Results showed that (i) deductive inferences with the same content evoked the same response pattern in logically valid and invalid conditions, (ii) mean response time in logically valid inferences is 61.54% higher, (iii) logically valid inferences are subjected to an early (400ms) and a late reprocessing (600ms) verified by two distinct beta-2 activations (p-value < 0,01, Wilcoxon signed rank test). In conclusion, we found evidence of a subtle but measurable electrical trait of logical validity. Results put forward the hypothesis that some logically valid deductions are recursive or computational cortical events.
Clinicopathological and prognostic value of Lysyl oxidase expression in gastric cancer: a meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Jia Zirui , Gao Jiacheng , Wang Yuhang , Zhou Tingting , Zhang Xiangwen , Zu Guo
Published: August 2022

Background:
The association between the expression of Lysyl oxidase (LOX) and its clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in patients with gastric cancer (GC) is still disputed. We performed this meta-analysis and bioinformatics analysis to clarify the relationship between the expression and methylation level of LOX with its clinicopathological parameters and prognostic value.
Methods:
We applied odds ratios (OR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) to study the associations between LOX expression and clinicopathological parameters and overall survival (OS) in GC patients. In addition, association analysis of promoter methylation levels and expression of LOX with its prognostic value was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and four Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets. The PRISMA 2020 checklist was used to guide the data extraction and analysis.
Results:
This analysis includes seven clinical studies with a total of 1435 GC patients. LOX expression was related to lymph node metastasis and tumor distant metastasis in GC patients, but not to gender, tumor differentiation, Lauren classification, or tumor depth of invasion. Patients with GC grouped in high-expression of LOX had a much worse OS than those in low-expression. In addition, TCGA and four GEO datasets with 1279 samples were included in the bioinformatics analysis. The bioinformatics analysis showed that patients with high LOX levels had poor OS; low levels of methylation at some cg sites in the LOX gene were strongly related to poor OS and PFS; and methylation levels of LOX are negatively correlated with advanced tumor stage. The conclusion from comprehensive DNA methylation and gene expression analysis supports LOX as a specific diagnostic and prognosis biomarker in GC.
Conclusion:
LOX expression was related to lymph node metastasis, tumor distant metastasis and poor prognosis in GC. Low methylation levels were related to advanced tumor stage and poor prognosis in GC. Integrative analysis supports LOX as a specific diagnostic and prognosis biomarker in GC.
Design and double-stage optimization of synchronous reluctance motor for electric vehicles
Authors: Bekiroglu Erdal , Esmer Sadullah
Published: August 2022

In this study, a high-power synchronous reluctance motor (SynRM) was designed for the traction motor of electric vehicle (EV) and its double-stage optimization was performed. Genetic algorithm and sensitivity analysis methods were used to obtain the best design parameters of the SynRM. Double-stage optimization was carried out to minimize the torque ripple and obtain the targeted torque, speed, and power values of the SynRM. In the first stage, the genetic algorithm method was used to improve the design parameters of the stator and rotor. With the improved stator and rotor design parameters obtained using this optimization technique, it was observed that the torque ripple decreased. In the second stage, the sensitivity analysis method was used. In this method, the effect of changing the skew angle of the stator on the torque ripple was investigated. The magnetic and performance analyses of the designed motor were examined in the optimization process. Analyses were made by ANSYS Maxwell using the finite element method (FEM). It has been observed that the targeted torque, power, speed, efficiency, and torque ripple minimization values are successfully achieved when the performance analysis of the motor is performed using the best stator and rotor parameters obtained through optimization. The results showed that SynRM produces high torque and high power with high efficiency and low torque ripple over a wide speed range. It has been revealed that it is quite proper to use the designed SynRM as a traction motor of new generation electric vehicles.
Marine carbon cycling and sequestration is extremely sensitive to zooplankton grazing in biogeochemical models
Authors: Rohr Tyler , Richardson Anthony , Lenton Andrew , Chamberlain Matthew , Shadwick Elizabeth
Published: August 2022

Zooplankton grazing regulates marine carbon cycling by constraining phytoplankton populations and the subsequent transfer of carbon to depth and higher trophic levels. Yet, without robust in-situ data to constrain them, the grazing formulation in state-of-the-art climate models varies largely. We present a new metric to compare how fast zooplankton are assumed to graze in 10 state-of-the-art (CMIP6) biogeochemical models and find they differ by nearly 2 orders of magnitude, implying an ocean populated exclusively with everything from slow-grazing krill to rapidly-grazing ciliates. We use a global, coupled ocean-biogeochemistry model to test the sensitivity of marine carbon cycling to this uncertainty and find the Net Primary Production (NPP) and export efficiency collapse across the range of plausible values. Even when tuned to identical NPP by increasing phytoplankton growth rates, export and secondary production remain extremely sensitive to grazing, likely biasing predictions of future climate states and food security.
Two distinct trajectories of clinical and neurodegeneration events identified in Parkinson's disease
Authors: Zhou Cheng , Wang Linbo , Cheng Wei , Lv JinChao , Guan Xiaoujun , Guo Tao , Wu Jingjing , Zhang Wei , Gao Ting , Liu Xiaocao , Bai Xueqin , Wu Haoting , Cao Zhengye , Gu Luyan , Chen Jingwen , Wen Jiaqi , Huang Peiyu , Xu Xiaojun , Zhang Baorong , Feng Jianfeng , zhang Min-Ming
Published: August 2022

Background Increasing evidence suggests that Parkinson's disease (PD) may have distinct spatial and temporal progression patterns. We aimed to disentangle the distinct trajectories of clinical and neurodegeneration events of PD by using a novel data-driven Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) model.Methods We enrolled 201 PD patients and 118 healthy controls with comprehensive olfactory, autonomic function, cognitive, sleep, emotional tests, and multimodality MRI scanning (T1-weighted imaging, diffusion tensor imaging, and neuromelanin-sensitive imaging). The volume and mean diffusivity of cortical/subcortical regions, the signal of substantia nigra (SN) and locus coeruleus (LC) were then obtained. Above features were input into SuStaIn model to identify PD subtypes with distinct progress trajectories. An independent dataset with 151 PD patients and 57 healthy controls was used to validate our findings. Finally, the differences in clinical, imaging, biochemical profiles, levodopa treatment response, and longitudinal prognosis between PD subtypes were assessed. Results We identified two distinct PD subtypes: subtype 1 with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD), autonomic dysfunction, SN and LC degeneration as early manifestations and cognitive impairment, limbic degeneration as advanced manifestation; while subtype 2 with cognitive impairment, SN and limbic degeneration as early manifestation, and RBD, LC degeneration as advanced manifestations. The two subtypes were successfully validated in the independent dataset. In addition, we found that subtype 1 showed poorer levodopa response and longitudinal prognosis when compared with subtype 2.Conclusion We demonstrated two PD subtypes with distinct clinical and neurodegeneration trajectories, which are consistent with the recently proposed “body-first” and “brain-first” hypothesis. Meanwhile, the distinct treatment response and prognosis between two subtypes provided new insights into the underlying disease biology and may be useful for ﻿personalized treatment ﻿for individuals with different subtypes of PD.
Changes in masticatory performance during the retention period following extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment
Authors: Lee¹ Song-Hyun , Fang¹ Mei Ling , Choi¹ Yoon-Jeong , Yu¹ Hyung-Seog , Kim² Jeehwan , HU³ Kyung-Seok , Lee Kee-Joon
Published: August 2022

Objectives
To evaluate changes in masticatory performance (MP) during the retention period after extraction and non-extraction treatment and compare it with MP in the subjects with normal occlusion.
Materials and Methods
Adult patients who had completed orthodontic fixed appliance treatment comprised the extraction and non-extraction treatment groups, and those with normal occlusion comprised the control group. Their mixing ability (MA), maximum bite force (MBF), and occlusal contact area (OCA) were recorded immediately after the fixed appliance was removed and at 1 month, 6 months, and 1 year post-treatment. The MA was measured by the two-color chewing gum MA test using ViewGum software, and the MBF and OCA were measured using Dental Prescale II system.
Results
MA immediately after orthodontic treatment was lower than that in the normal occlusion group but showed a time-dependent gradual increase during a 1-year retention period (P < 0.01). The MA at 1 month post-treatment was not significantly different between the three groups (P > 0.05). The MA showed a significant correlation with the MBF and OCA (P < 0.01).
Conclusions
The MP immediately after orthodontic treatment was lower than that in the normal occlusion group but increased gradually, with levels comparable to those of the normal occlusion group at 1 month post-treatment. Further, extraction did not affect the MP after orthodontic treatment.
Clinical Relevance:
No other study has evaluated the changes in MP during the retention period after orthodontic treatment. The findings show that compared with MBF and OCA, the patients’ MP improved faster to levels found in normal occlusion.