bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the Automatic Sorting System of Domestic Ceramic Products Based on Machine Visual Inspection
Authors: Guo Tong Jun , Huang Han Gang , He Fu Bao
Published: February 2014

This article will use visual inspection techniques into the two-dimensional geometry measurement of ceramic products .It uses MATLAB 7.0 as image processing software, and the designing uses the gradient information into detection circular edge by Hough transformation method. The method is helpful to improve the production efficiency and the recognition rate. We can prove that this method has the feasibility by experiments, and achieve a satisfactory result .
Research on TV Goniometer Object Extraction Algorithm Based on Threshold Segmentation
Authors: Chen He , Li Nan , Huang Tian Chen , Duan Rong Xia
Published: February 2014

In the TV goniometer detection system, to play the signal and field of view points line extraction is a key link in the process of parameter detection. Combination of target processing requirements, this article will target extraction algorithm based on gray level threshold and edge detection algorithm is studied, and through the experimental analysis to select the optimal algorithm was applied to the detection of TV goniometer; According to the characteristics of the standard signal and view points, lines, and put forward the corresponding methods of target recognition, and is verified through experiments
Detecting Thread Features Based on Digital Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Cai Han Ming , Wang Pei Yao , Song Xiao Mei
Published: February 2014

Thread features of the traditional measuring method mainly adopts working gauge measurement, due to limitations in the traditional thread features measurement accuracy is relatively low, the efficiency is low, the cost is high. The thread features detection method based on digital image processing techniques using CCD to obtain basic image of thread, processing the thread image, extracting thread outline, calculating thread features through the computer, improves the efficiency, saves the cost.
Multiple Features Image Fusion Based on Visual Dictionary
Authors: Ting Yu
Published: February 2014

It has been heavy work that to find the related pictures form Internet without annotation. Therefore, the automatic image annotation was extremely important in image retrieval. The traditional method were translated image visual feature into keywords simply, but it ignored the image similarity problem between the low-level visual features and high-level semantic. That is image "gap" problem, so image annotation was very lower. This paper puts forward a classification of web based image content automatic tagging mixing technology, the first it will map visual feature of image to one or more rough images, then we will preprocess the web page text information, finally we select some keywords similarity as image annotation by using similar semantic processing module. So it realizes the image and text combining the automatic annotation and it achieve high precision of image annotation.
Industrial Robot Kinematics Parameter Identification
Authors: Zhang Yong Gui , Liu Chen Rong , Liu Peng
Published: February 2014

For an industrial robots with unknown parameters, on the basis of preliminary measurement and data of the Cartesian and joints coordinates which are shown on the FlexPendant, the kinematic parameters is identified by using genetic algorithms and accurate kinematics modeling of the robot is established. Experimental data could prove the validity of this method.
Space Trajectory Research on Manipulator for Appliance Performance Testing
Authors: Wu Cheng Xuan , Liu Jie , Qu Jun Le , Wang Xiu Fen , Shi Ben Gang
Published: February 2014

The space trajectory of joint of the manipulator for appliance performance testing was calculated using the Denavit-Hartenberg algorithm and the kinematic model was established. Combining the Pro/E Prototype 3D modeling and ADAMS mechanical motion analysis, the virtual simulation was set up for the spatial manipulator trajectory, and the simulation result was used to validate the theoretical model calculations. A foundation for further study on the robot trajectory planning and control algorithms is established.
Manufacturing Management and Control System Based on Self-Management and Self-Scheduling
Authors: Zhang Qing Hua , Zhang Da , Cheng Guo Quan , Wang Zhuan
Published: February 2014

In this paper, we addressed the problems faced by flexible manufacturing system, which make the manufacturing process complex and difficult to scheduling, by the introduction of a Multi-Agent System (MAS) model. The internal structure of each agent was based on the Belief-Desire-Intention (BDI) architecture to represent autonomic and coordinated scheduling mechanism and the ability to acquire information provided by exogenous sources. We built an evaluation system based on products’ preference about time and cost values to explore new assigning weights for the ranking of the candidate designs. In conclusion we provide ways to assemble manufacturing units into MAS while guaranteeing the internal real-time requirements of each agent.
Research on Multi-Task Control Model of PLC
Authors: Tang Xin , Li Hong Jun , Chen Yi Tao , Han Dong Gui
Published: February 2014

A multi-task control system framework for siemens S7-200 plc series is researched in this article. By the analysis of PLC hardware features and operation modes, a multi-task system framework model which can improve PLC control efficiency in the use process and solve program chaos problem has been established. Multi-task system completes the programming system fault tolerance function and strengthens the system robustness.
Implementation of System for Conveyor Tracking Based on Labview
Authors: Zhu Xiu Li , Qiu Wan Hua
Published: February 2014

As technology advanced, moving target tracking system is used more and more widely. But the traditional tracking systems are much restricted of imaging and tracking devices. This paper developed system based moving target tracking which could have a broader scope of application. The system does not have to be limited to tracking devices, but the application of the model matching technique and IMAQ Vision modules of Labview environment to form the framework of the virtual instrument system, and finally through the experiment to verify the practicality of the system.
Numerical Analysis and Experimental Study on Consolidation of the Squeezed Branch Pile
Authors: Yin Ya Jun , Xu Guang Han , Qian Yong Mei
Published: February 2014

The squeezed branch pile is a kind of frictional end bearing pile which is variable cross-section, a new type of pile foundation with characteristics of high bearing capacity and low settlement. In order to explore vertical settlement regularity of the squeezed branch pile, this paper carries out the theoretical analysis and experimental research on the consolidation settlement law of the squeezed branch pile through the numerical method and static load test. The results of numerical analysis and experimental research show that vertical consolidation settlement is reduced along with increase of the squeezed branch pile diameter, and the settlement of the squeezed branch pile is given priority to consolidation.
The Study of Improving the Quality of Petroleum Geology Undergraduate Course Graduation Gesign
Authors: Fan Guang Juan , Zhao Yue Jun , Wen Hui Jian
Published: February 2014

Graduation course graduation Design is comprehensive teaching step for training undergraduates to analyze and resolve practical problem with the help of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. In this paper, superiority and current situation of petroleum geology class true topic of undergraduate course graduation design are thought and analyzed,according to improving the quality of the graduation design, put forward some reformation methods and measures. Make an attempt to explore the path of sustainable development for fitting quality education of petroleum geology undergraduates under the multiple pressures of the college expansion plan, university student employment, and industry development and so on.
Redesign Method of Hydraulic Press’s Moving Beam
Authors: Zhong Jun , Zhao Kai , Liu Zhi Feng , Bao Hong
Published: February 2014

In order to achieve the goal of saving energy and materials, hydraulic sheet metal drawing press are selected as the research objects. Testing technologies are used to obtain hydraulic press's distribution ratio of forming craft's energy consumption so that the importance of moving beam's structure optimization is revealed. Finite element method is used to comprehensively analyze the stress and displacement activity of original beam, mapping out the place of redundant material in the structure. Then, moving beam's structure is optimized by the method of Topology Optimization, and got redesigned on this basis. Thus, the redesigned hydraulic presss moving beam not only satisfies the basic requirement of safety and reliability, but also reduces 433.19 t carbon emissions during the service life of hydraulic press.
A Kind of Shimming Method for MRI
Authors: Zhang Xiao Bing
Published: February 2014

This paper presents a shimming method for correct the magnetic field inhomogeneity generated by the permanent magnet biplanar open MRI magnets. After giving the explanation of the degree of the magnetic field inhomogeneity, the shimming principle and method are given. In order to guarantee the precision and accuracy of the magnetic field, a 3D moving flat is developed. The intensity of magnetic field is shown by the aid of the Excel, and the engineer can shim the magnetic field by interacting with the computer. After using the proposed method on a batch of permanent magnet biplanar open MRIs, the experiment results show that the proposed method is effective.
Study on the Process Optimization of Fully-Mechanized Hard Top-Coal Caving with Large Inclination Angle
Authors: Zhang Yong , Liu Jin Kai , Li Qi , Zhao Jian Jian , Ma Yue
Published: February 2014

In order to solve the problem of low recovery rate of top-coal during fully-mechanized coal caving with large inclination angle, the optimization of fully-mechanized hard top-coal caving with large inclination angle is studied in this paper respectively in the two aspects of changing caving characteristics of top-coal and caving process. By adopting the method of top-coal pre-blasting to weaken top-coal, the caving characteristics is effectively improved which creates conditions for the successful caving of top-coal; meanwhile, the statistical result of recovery rate of top-coal is obtained by using numerical simulation software PFC2D based on particle element model, it is found that coal loss during top-coal caving and the loss at the ends of working face is effectively reduced when 2 cuttings and 1 caving method with multi-round spaced drawing is taken, which significantly improved the recovery rate of top-coal and it has passed the field test of industrial experiment. This technological achievement could provide some reference to the fully mechanized working face in this coal mine or working faces under similar geological conditions.
3D Geometrical Details Transfer with Cubic B-Spline Wavelet
Authors: Liu Wei , Zhou Xiong Hui , Niu Qiang
Published: February 2014

The modeling of complex 3D details is a time-consuming task and need enough experience. In this paper, an effectual algorithm is proposed to transfer and reuse 3D geometrical details with cubic B-spline wavelet. Firstly any kind of surfaces both from the source model and the destination one are represented with cubic B-spline wavelet, and then they are decomposed into a base shape and several hierarchies of details. Since both models share the same basis of wavelet, they can be combined into one model in different hierarchies. Hereby the details are transferred onto the new 3D models. Later experiment shows that this technology can obtain desired resultant models.
Influence of Finite Tip Clearance on the Tip Flow Characteristics of Ducted Propeller
Authors: Ni Hao Liang , Zhou Jun Wei , Wang Da Zheng
Published: February 2014

The influence of finite tip clearances on the tip flow characteristics, as well as pressure distribution on blade surface near the tip and open water performance of ducted propeller 19A/Ka4-55 model is studied in this paper. It is discovered that tip leakage vortex (TLV for short) disappears when clearance size reduces to a certain extent (0.08% of the propeller radius in this model). The decreasing of tip clearance size also leads to increasing efficiency and better cavitation performance. Besides, variation of thrust and torque coefficient with clearance size show stepped shape instead of linear.
Considering Load Characteristics Harmonic Penetration in Zhengzhou Converter Station Nearly
Authors: Yu Xiao Peng , Zhang Bo , Yang Jun Zhong , Dai Shuang Yin , Dai Zhi Qiang
Published: February 2014

This paper presents the rules of harmonic penetration in Zhengzhou harmonic voltage level. National standards limit the harmonic voltage distortion level in the buses, so study the UHV AC/DC hybrid system is significant to power grid. In order to find out the harmonic voltage level near Zhengzhou converter station, a method has been proposed in this paper, including the models of radiation power grid, load characteristics and converter station's AC filter. Finally, according to Zhengzhou converter station power frame sets up a detail model in the simulation software packages PSCAD/EMTDC to study the law of harmonic penetration.
Analysis and Simulation on Drive Characteristic of High-Strength Water Hydraulic Artificial Muscle
Authors: Zhang Zeng Meng , Hou Jiao Yi , Sun Zheng Wen , Gong Yong Jun , Miao Jian
Published: February 2014

Driving processes and characteristics are different between the water hydraulic artificial muscle and pneumatic artificial muscle due to the difference of work media employed in muscles. An appropriative hydraulic circuit was designed to control the pressure of the water hydraulic artificial muscle and the performance of this system was analyzed. An AMESim model of the control system was built and the dynamic characteristics are analyzed with various parameters of the hydraulic circuit and various loads by simulation. The results show that the performance of the water hydraulic control valve should agree with the dimension of the water hydraulic artificial muscle. The rated flow rate of the water hydraulic valves can be selected increasingly while the load mass is low. Meanwhile, the overshoot is generated and enlarged along with the increases of the flow rate and load mass. These contribute to the improvements of designs and researches on control systems of water hydraulic artificial muscles.
Analysis and Calculation of Transmission Ratio of Simpson Planetary Gear Mechanism Based on Velocity Graphic Method
Authors: Zhang Yu Shu
Published: February 2014

The paper summarizes the principle of applying velocity graphic method to analyze Simpson planetary gear mechanism, which provides guidance for analysis procedure. The movement of each element in the mechanism can be intuitively understood through drawing the linear velocity vectors of three constant velocity points. The similar triangle principle is used to calculated transmission ratio of each transmission scheme in the linear velocity vector diagram, and the correctness of the analysis method and process is verified by the transmission ratio calculated by velocity graphic method and analytic method.
Feature Extraction of Faulty Rolling Element Bearing Based on Time Synchronous Average and Cepstrum Edit
Authors: Li Zong Tao , Gao Yan , Zhou Xiang , Guo Yu
Published: February 2014

The cepstrum edit scheme for the vibration feature extraction of the faulty rolling element bearing (REB) is studied in this paper. By combined the time synchronous average (TSA) and the real cepstrum to localize and edit the cepstral lines of the original vibration, the unwanted discrete frequency components can be removed. Then, a corresponding inverse procedure is designed, in which the edited cepstrum and the original phase spectrum are employed to reconstruct the edited vibration for the REB feature extraction. Simulation verified the scheme positively.
Modeling Based on T-S Model for Thermal Process in Metallurgical Performance Testing
Authors: Xie Dong , Wang Min , Shi Jing Liang , Xu Di Jian , Wang Hua Bing
Published: February 2014

Most of metallurgical performance testing devices use small high-temperature furnace to simulate physical environment for the sample testing. Since the controlled object has the dynamic characteristics of nonlinear, time-varying, large delay and large inertia during heating process, it is difficult to establish an accurate models to control thermal processes and optimize. This paper presents an adaptive neural fuzzy modeling approach based on T-S model for the heating process. Using the fuzzy system structure identification and parameter identification, the more accurate nonlinear model can be obtained. Duo to the fuzzy neural network has the capability of autonomous, quickly and effectively converging to the required relations of the input and output, the modeling accuracy has been improved. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and the method can provide a reference for obtaining accurate nonlinear model.
Development and Research on Gear Noise Test System
Authors: Dai Feng Yan , Shi Zhao Yao , Lin Jia Chun
Published: February 2014

The gear processing technology can be analyzed by testing the gear noise. For this purpose, a set of gear noise test system was developed. A DSP hardware system was designed to test and analyze the gear noise. The signals were transferred to the PC through the USB module for further comparative analysis. The gear noise signal spectrum analysis was carried out in the PC signal processing software. The experimental results show that the system can accurately acquire and process the gear noise signals, and it can be used to analyze the gear processing.
The Denoising Method Based on Wavelet Transform in Signal Dynamic Detection
Authors: Huang Bo , Sun Peng Jiao , Wang Xiao Man
Published: February 2014

In this paper the application of wavelet in data detection of dynamic testing is chiefly researched , i.e. , by applying the method of wavelet denoising to eliminate the non-stationary random noise which produced in data detection of dynamic testing , by analyzing dynamic testing data to define the optimal wavelet as well as the optimal decomposition scale. Based on actual requirements of dynamic testing system, to reconstruct the data accurately by using FIR filter with biorthogonal wavelet, the method has a favorable effect.
Research on Parameters of SVRM in Time Series Prediction
Authors: Wang Lu Yan , Wang Qiang , Zhang Mei Jun , Wang Xiao Long
Published: February 2014

Though the Support Vector Regression Machines (SVRM) is considered to be an effective method for time series prediction, its performance is greatly influenced by its parameters. In order to improve the rationality of parameter setting, the influences of the parameters (the number of support vectorsNSand the prediction lengthNE) and signal characteristics on the SVRM performance were discussed. The results proved that the existence of confliction between prediction accuracy and prediction efficiency, and SVRM may inappropriate to long-term prediction, andNSshould be greater than a threshold which depends on the signal characteristics for an accurate prediction result. The research results may provide a theoretical basis for the improvments of SVRM algorithm.
Application of Improved BP Neural Networks Based on LM Algorithm in Characteristic Curve Fitting of Fiber-Optic Micro-Bend Sensor
Authors: Ding Shuo , Chang Xiao Heng
Published: February 2014

As a key factor in a testing system, sensor nonlinearity has always been the study focus in the field of engineering and techniques. In order to accurately reflect the practical characteristics of a fiber-optic micro-bend sensor, Levenberg-Marguardt (LM) algorithm is used to optimize the correction of the weight values of standard back propagation neural network (BPNN). The learning process of improved BPNN based on LM algorithm (LM-BPNN) is also illustrated mathematically, and LM-BPNN is applied in fitting the input and output characteristic curve of a fiber-optic micro-bend sensor. The simulation results show that LM-BPNN is superior both in its convergence rate and fitting precision over standard BPNN.
Realization of 4~20mA Current A/D Conversion Module in the Water Pollution Source Online Monitoring Instrument under the Remote Metrology
Authors: Sha Yue Bing , He Hong , Shao Jian Wen
Published: February 2014

In order to improve the efficiency of water pollution source online monitoring instrument under remote metrology and reduce the intensity of labor operation. 3G technology has been used to connect the instrument with the client's network through the STM32 microprocessor and A/D conversion. Current A/D conversion and 3G module have been used to complete the testing data transmission. In order to get the data, the software of server and client has been programed. Field experiments show that the system is stable and reliable, which can effectively meet the demand of the measurement.
The Modeling Design of Plastic Ashtray Technology and Rapid Prototyping Technology Based on Reverse Engineering
Authors: Li Zhi Yang , Wang Xiao Mei , Zhu Yu , Huang Ming Yu , Ni Hong Jun
Published: February 2014

Reverse engineering is a process of using 3D geometric modeling method to reconstruct actual objects CAD model based on these points, which is used physical digital measuring equipment to measure the three-dimensional coordinates of points on the surface of the object accurately and rapidly. Based on reverse engineering technology as the theoretical basis, the paper used three-coordinate measuring machine to measure ashtray surface data. After data was be handled, which was used to reconstruct 3D entity in Pro/E software. Last, the 3D entity of ashtray was printed out through rapid prototyping machine, which can be achieved by physical sample to rapid manufacturing of products, shortening production cycle, reducing production costs.
Based on ANSYS Workbench Gantry Structure Improvement
Authors: Yang Zhao , Sun Dong Ming
Published: February 2014

This paper expressed that through the SolidEdge V20 softwares using to reconstruct the 3D model within press gantry during the actual product provided. and using the ANSYS Workbench12.1 to proceed finite element analysis. Finally result can improve and analyze the construction of 3D model gantry, and further on enhancing the stability and service life of the compressor gantry. Further enhance the stability and service life of the compressor gantry.
Research on Modeling and Parameter Identification of Electro-Hydraulic Servo Loading System
Authors: Wang Song , Yang Chuan Gui , Chen Fei , Yang Zhao Jun , Tan Zhuang , Zhu Guang
Published: February 2014

In order to improve the mathematical models accuracy of the electro-hydraulic servo loading system from the high-speed motorized spindle reliability test bench. This paper establishes the mathematical model based on the dynamic characteristics of the test bench, then establishes discrete mathematical model of the system based on the Z-transform, and finally uses particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to identify the parameters of the discrete model. Additionally, the least square method is applied to identify the parameters of the model for measuring the PSO algorithm parameter identification capability in our paper. The experimental results show that the mathematical model, identified by the PSO algorithm, can simulate the loading process very well under the strong interference signals, and the result is better than that gotten by the least square method, which proves that the PSO algorithm has high identification accuracy and better capability in parameters identification .
Quantification and Prediction of Residual Stresses in Creep Crack Growth Specimens
Authors: Mehmanparast Ali , Davies Catrin M. , Nikbin Kamran
Published: February 2014

An important issue to be considered in the life assessment of power plant components is the effects of prior creep damage on subsequent fatigue crack growth and fracture behavior. To examine these effects, creep damage has been introduced into 316H stainless steel material by interrupting creep crack growth (CCG) tests on compact tension, C(T), specimens at 550 °C. During the CCG tests, the specimen is loaded in tension, crept and unloaded after a small amount of crack extension. This process introduces compressive residual stress fields at the crack tip, which may subsequently affect the fatigue crack growth test results. In this work, neutron diffraction (ND) measurements have been conducted on interrupted CCG test specimens, which contain creep damage local to the crack tip, and the results are compared to predictions obtained from finite element (FE) simulations. Reasonable agreement has been found between the FE predictions and ND measurements.
Residual Stress Distributions at High Strength Steel Welds Prepared by Low Transformation Temperature (LTT) and Conventional Welding Consumables
Authors: Mraz Lubos , Karlsson Leif , Vrána Miroslav , Mikula Pavol
Published: February 2014

Residual stress distributions in fillet welds in 8 mm 900 MPa steel have been mapped perpendicular and parallel to the weld line and also through the thickness in the vicinity of weld toe position. Measurements were carried out on four welds when two of them were performed with conventional and two with the so called LTT (low transformation temperature) filler materials. Both neutron and X-ray diffractions were used for determination of the residual stress distribution. Fatigue properties have also been evaluated for all test welds. Neutron diffraction measurements showed that the stress profiles perpendicular to the weld toe qualitatively did not depend on filler material type although the absolute stress levels differed. Trends were similar for positions 2, 4 and 6 millimetres below the surface for all three stress components; σx (direction perpendicular to the weld), σy (parallel to the weld) and σz (through the thickness). X-ray diffraction showed difference in residual stress level at the weld toe. Lower residual stress levels have been identified for LTT filler material when compared to the conventional consumable compositions. The effect of residual stress is discussed in relation to fatigue properties of all four welds. Remarkable higher fatigue strength has been measured for welds prepared by the LTT filler materials.
African primary care research: Choosing a topic and developing a proposal
Authors: Mash Bob
Published: February 2014

This is the first in a series of articles on primary care research in the African context. The aim of the series is to help build capacity for primary care research amongst the emerging departments of family medicine and primary care on the continent. Many of the departments are developing Masters of Medicine programmes in Family Medicine and their students will all be required to complete research studies as part of their degree. This series is being written with this audience in particular in mind – both the students who must conceptualise and implement a research project as well as their supervisors who must assist them.This article gives an overview of the African primary care context, followed by a typology of primary care research. The article then goes on to assist the reader with choosing a topic and defining their research question. Finally the article addresses the structure and contents of a  research proposal and the ethical issues that should be considered.
Aberrant p16INK4A methylation: Relation to viral related chronic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: El-Mougy Fatma A. , Youssef Mohammed M. , Omran Dalia A. , Sharaf Sahar A. , El-Sayed Hany H. , Rabie Walaa A. , Mohamed Elghobary A. , Elghobary Hany A.
Published: February 2014

Background: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the fifth most common solid tumor worldwide and the third leading cause of cancer related deaths. Several studies have shown that the tumor suppressor gene p16INK4A is frequently downregulated by aberrant methylation of the 5′-cytosine-phosphoguanine island within the promoter region. Aim: To find out the frequency of methylated p16INK4A in the peripheral blood of HCC and cirrhotic patients and to evaluate its role in hepatocarcinogenesis. Patients and Methods: This study was performed on 58 subjects: 30 HCC patients, 20 cirrhotic patients, and eight healthy volunteers. Methylation of p16INK4A was examined using methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (MSP). Comparison of quantitative variables between the study groups was done using Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples when not normally distributed. For comparing categorical data, Chi-square (χ2 ) test was performed. Exact test was used instead when the expected frequency was less than 5. Results: Methylation of p16INK4A was found in 6.7% of HCC patients, 5% of liver cirrhosis (LC) patients, and none of the healthy volunteers; 66.67% of the p16INK4A-methylated cases (2/3) were positive for anti-hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibodies (one of them had HCC). All HCC cases with aberrant p16INK4A methylation show very high serum alpha fetoprotein (AFP) level (9,080; 30,000 μg/mL). There were no significant associations between the status of p16INK4A methylation and tumor size. Conclusion: Hypermethylation of p16INK4A was found to be infrequent among Egyptian patients with HCC.
Management of relapsed-refractory diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Raut Lalit S. , Chakrabarti Prantar P.
Published: February 2014

Relapsed-Refractory Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (RR DLBCL), which accounts for approximately one-third of patients with DLBCL, remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Managing RR DLBCL continues to be a challenge to the treating hemato-oncologist. Salvage high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation is the standard of care for chemosensitive relapses in DLBCL. Various salvage regimens are available, but the quest for an optimal regimen continues. The addition of rituximab to the salvage regimen has improved the outcome of RR DLBCL. Several pertinent issues regarding the management of RR DLBCL are discussed in this short review.
Economic analysis and stochastic simulation of alternative beef calving and feeding systems in western Canada
Authors: Khakbazan Mohammad , Carew Richard , Scott Shannon L. , Chiang Paul , Block Hushton C. , Robins Clayton , Durunna Obioha N. , Huang John
Published: February 2014

Khakbazan, M., Carew, R., Scott, S. L., Chiang, P., Block, H. C., Robins, C., Durunna, O. N. and Huang, J. 2014. Economic analysis and stochastic simulation of alternative beef calving and feeding systems in western Canada. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 299–311. Biological and economic data from three field-experimental sites in Manitoba (Brandon Research Centre) and Saskatchewan (Western Beef Development Centre; Semi-Arid Prairie Agriculture Research Centre) were used to determine the economic and financial benefits of alternative beef calving and feeding systems. Stochastic budgets and Monte Carlo simulation techniques were used to evaluate the profitability and risk levels of four alternative livestock beef management systems: early-calving/rapid-gain post-weaning feeding (ER), late-calving/rapid-gain post-weaning feeding (LR), early-calving/slow-gain post-weaning feeding (ES), and late-calving/slow-gain post-weaning feeding (LS). Economic budgets were constructed to evaluate the viability of different phases of beef production including backgrounding, pasture, swath grazing and finishing. Statistical analysis considered operational costs (feed, yardage, implants, medicine, labor, marketing, and other costs), price variables (fed-steer, feeder cattle, and grid pricing premiums/discounts) and steer performance measures such as average daily gain (ADG). Results from the simulation analysis revealed that late-calving systems provided higher returns for livestock producers, while rapid-feeding systems were more preferable for producers who were more risk-averse.
Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions
Authors: Chedid Mabelle , Jaber Lina S. , Giger-Reverdin Sylvie , Duvaux-Ponter Christine , Hamadeh Shadi K.
Published: February 2014

Chedid, M., Jaber, L. S., Giger-Reverdin, S., Duvaux-Ponter, C. and Hamadeh, S. K. 2014. Review: Water stress in sheep raised under arid conditions. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 94: 243–257. Sheep breeds which are indigenous to arid and semi-arid regions are known for their ability to adapt to rustic environments, to climatic variations as well as to shortages in resources. Water scarcity, often combined with heat stress, is a common challenge facing these animals, causing physiological perturbations and affecting the animal's productivity. This review reports the effect of different forms of water stress on physiological indicators, blood parameters, thermoregulation and immunological status in sheep. Although the breed effect may be significant, the following are generally observed common responses: drop in feed intake and weight loss, increase in evaporative cooling through panting, production of a small volume of highly concentrated urine, haemoconcentration, high blood osmolality, and immunosuppression. Prolonged water shortage may affect lamb birth weight and survival, and lead to a decrease in milk production, especially in non-adapted breeds, which could lead to important economic losses, as reported in heat-stressed sheep husbandries. Novel stress alleviation approaches are also presented, such as vitamin C supplementation.
The effect of simulated winter warming spells on Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. canadensis] seeds and plants
Authors: Tozzi E. , Lyons E. M. , Van Acker R. C.
Published: February 2014

Tozzi, E., Lyons, E. M. and Van Acker, R. C. 2014. The effect of simulated winter warming spells on Canada fleabane [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq. var. canadensis] seeds and plants. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 963–969. Experiments were establish at three sites in southern Ontario, Canada in 2009 and 2010 to determine the possible effect of winter warming spells applied in either January, February or March on seed, seedlings, or rosettes of Canada fleabane including effects on winter survival, fecundity, above-ground biomass, and flowering timing. Warming spells reduced survival of fall-established rosettes and fall established seedlings. Warming spells occurring late in winter (March) had a greater effect where March warming spells reduced the survival of rosettes and seedlings on average by 53% and 80%, respectively. In addition, overwintering Canada fleabane plants (rosettes or seedlings) exposed to warming spells flowered earlier (between 29 and 71 days earlier). This study also confirms that Canada fleabane seed has little or no dormancy and that the great majority of seed recruits (either in fall or spring) within a given season (between 84% and 93%). We also determined that timing of seed shed in the fall significantly affects the proportion of seedlings emerging either in the spring or fall with late shed favoring seed overwintering and spring seedling emergence. The results of this study suggest that winter warming spells, especially later in the winter (into early spring), may limit the success of Canada fleabane and in particular its success as a winter annual.
Enhanced A Horizon Framework and Field Form for detailed field scale monitoring of dynamic soil properties
Authors: Fox Catherine A. , Tarnocai Charles , Broll Gabriele , Joschko Monika , Kroetsch David , Kenney Elizabeth
Published: February 2014

Fox, C. A., Tarnocai, C., Broll, G., Joschko, M., Kroetsch, D. and Kenney, E. 2014. Enhanced A Horizon Framework and Field Form for detailed field scale monitoring of dynamic soil properties. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 189–208. Taxonomic protocols for A horizon description are limited when detailed monitoring of soil change in dynamic soil properties is required for determining the effectiveness of best management practices, remediation efforts, and assessing subtle impacts on soil properties from environmental and anthropogenic stressors. The A Horizon Framework was designed by consolidating protocols from national and international description systems and expert opinion to optimize descriptive capability through use of additional enhanced lowercase designators. The Framework defines new protocols and syntax resulting in a unique soil fingerprint code. Five levels of enhanced lowercase A horizon designators are defined: Level 1, Soil processes and environmental context; Level 2, Soil structure-bulk density; Level 3, Organic carbon; Level 4, pH and electrical conductivity; and, Level 5, Soil and landscape context (i.e., soil texture, surface conditions, current land use, slope character). An electronic Field Form based on the new Framework syntax automatically records the soil fingerprint code in an enhanced (all Levels included) and a minimum detail mode focused on the key dynamic properties. The soil fingerprint codes become a powerful tool by which to identify trends of soil change and small alterations in the dynamic soil properties. Examples of soil fingerprint codes from selected Canada and Germany long-term experimental studies are presented.
Boundary Value Problems on a Half Sierpinski Gasket
Authors: Li Weilin , Strichartz Robert S.
Published: February 2014

We study boundary value problems for the Laplacian on a domain

\Omega

consisting of the left half of the Sierpinski Gasket (

SG

), whose boundary is essentially a countable set of points

X

. For harmonic functions we give an explicit Poisson integral formula to recover the function from its boundary values, and characterize those that correspond to functions of finite energy. We give an explicit Dirichlet to Neumann map and show that it is invertible. We give an explicit description of the Dirichlet to Neumann spectra of the Laplacian with an exact count of the dimensions of eigenspaces. We compute the exact trace spaces on

X

of the

L^2

and

L^\infty

domains of the Laplacian on

SG

. In terms of the these trace spaces, we characterize the functions in the

L^2

and

L^\infty

domains of the Laplacian on

\Omega

that extend to the corresponding domains on

SG

, and give an explicit linear extension operator in terms of piecewise biharmonic functions.
Basin‐scale circulation and heat fluxes in ice‐covered lakes
Authors: Rizk William , Kirillin Georgiy , Leppäranta Matti
Published: February 2014

A field and theoretical study of the mean circulation patterns, gravity currents, and heat fluxes in a mid‐latitude, ice‐covered lake is presented. Thermistor chains captured the lake‐wide pressure gradients and thermal regime, acoustic instruments measured bottom and interior velocities, and a sediment temperature probe measured sediment temperatures and heat fluxes. Typical Rossby numbers showed that the mean circulation was geostrophic, in the form of either an anti‐cyclonic or a cyclonic basin‐scale gyre. Each gyre reached a steady state after ∼ 10–15 d, circulating at a maximum velocity of ∼ 1 mm s−1. The gyres persisted throughout most of the winter and generally decayed with time. The cyclonic gyre was generated by the lateral temperature gradients created by sediment heat release. It was not possible to determine the driver of the anti‐cyclonic gyre. Because most ice‐covered lakes are controlled by the Earth's rotation, anti‐cyclonic and cyclonic circulation is postulated as being the most common mean interior flow pattern. The horizontal heat fluxes were of the same order as the vertical heat fluxes, which is consistent with the findings of previous research. The sediment heat flux decayed with time, stabilizing after ∼ 60 d. A scaling analysis of down‐sloping advection with dynamic, seasonal‐scale temperatures showed that a warmer lake and an increase in the length‐to‐depth geometric aspect ratio (both within a given lake) and an increase in lake size all increased advection time scales, and therefore circulation time scales, near the boundaries.
Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training
Authors: Molokwu Jennifer
Published: February 2014

Access to timely and appropriate prenatal and maternity care is widely known to be an important factor in improving birth outcomes. Family physicians make a significant contribution to the provision of prenatal care in the United States. The amount of exposure to maternity care and prenatal procedures in residency increase likelihood of incorporation of prenatal care in future practice. The use of prenatal ultrasounds has become standard in the management of pregnancy. Ultrasonography has wide application in obstetric care and is being used in screening and diagnosis during antenatal, intrapartum and postpartum periods. Family physicians that provide obstetric care should be trained to carry out basic obstetric ultrasound scans. In our paper, we have outlined an approach to the incorporation of ultrasound training into Family Medicine residency education. We have also explored the use of simulation as an adjunct to scanning live patients in a training curriculum.

How to cite this article

Molokwu J. Obstetrics and Gynecology Ultrasound Topics in Family Medicine Resident Training. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):31-34.
Interprofessional Education and Obstetric Ultrasound
Authors: Manting Michele A
Published: February 2014

The transformation of healthcare relies on interprofessional education (IPE). Reviewing the history of the movement to prevent medical errors through the call for collaborative high functioning team practice, an assessment of the need to recognize the importance of interprofessional collaboration among sonographers, various medical specialties and nursing is addressed. A brief discussion of model programs in IPE is included.

How to cite this article

Manting MA. Interprofessional Education and Obstetric Ultrasound. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2014;8(1):72-76.
An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse against E. faecalis
Authors: Rao MS Rama , Agrawal Vinod , Dhingra Kanupriya , Gopal V Rajesh , Mohapatra Abhijita , Mohapatra Abhilash
Published: February 2014

Aim

This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX) and BioPure MTAD when used as a final rinse againstEnterococcus faecalis.

Materials and methods

Sixty single-rooted premolars were biomechanically prepared, inoculated with E. faecalis and divided into various groups. These were then irrigated with the test irrigants and tested microbiologically for growth ofE. faecalisimmediately after irrigation and after 48 hours.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the antibacterial activities of BioPure MTAD, 2% CHX and 5.25% NaOCl at 5 minutes; however, the antibacterial activities of the three irrigants were comparable after 2 days of irrigation

Conclusion

The present study concludes that BioPure MTAD is as effective againstE. faecalisas 5.25% NaOCl and more effective than 2% CHX.

Clinical significance

E. faecalisis one of the most resistant intracanal species and a possible cause of root canal failure. Many authors have stressed the importance of using antimicrobial irrigants during chemomechanical preparation to ensure complete disinfection. Therefore, various irrigating solutions have been used during and immediately after root canal preparation to remove debris and necrotic pulp tissue and to eliminate microorganisms that cannot be reached by mechanical instrumentation.

How to cite this article

Agrawal V, Rao MSR, Dhingra K, Gopal VR, Mohapatra A, Mohapatra A. An in vitro comparison of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Three Root Canal Irrigants—BioPure MTAD, 2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate and 5.25% Sodium Hypochlorite as a Final Rinse againstE. faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):842-847.
A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Diet Intake and Effect of Various Nutritions on Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Reddy R Vamshidhar , Raju PV Krishnam , Rao P Krishna , Mapare Sagar Arjun , Kumar MG Manoj , Gorthi VSS Chandana
Published: February 2014

Aim

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect various dietary nutrients in aggressive periodontitis patients.

Materials and methods

A total of 85 patients were selected and divided into two groups, 45 patients are with aggressive periodontitis and 40 patients are healthy. Periodontal parameters such as oral hygiene index, Russels periodontal index and radiograph were taken. The food consumption survey was conducted in all the households of subjects both in control and experimental group. The individual of food intake of the subjects was assessed by the oral questionnaire (24 hours recall) method. The quantity of raw foods used for various preparations and volumes of cooked quantities of such preparations in terms of standardized cups were noted. Body measurements were taken on all the subjects, standing height using a height measuring rod and weight in standard weighing machine.

Results

Aggressive periodontitis is seen in young individual and mostly in females; majority of the patients of both groups belongs to low socioeconomic group. Body mass index which is a reflection of nutritional status of an individual indicated that chronically energy deficient subjects in experimental group appeared to be higher. The average food and nutrient intake in control group was slightly better than that of experimental group.

Conclusion

The diet survey indicated marginal and negligible deficiencies in aggressive periodontitis patients compared to controls, and this coupled with chronically energy deficiency as indicated by body mass index, calls for a detailed study of this aspect of aggressive periodontitis. The present study indicates that nutritional influences point to a needle of suspicion toward the etiology of aggressive periodontitis.

How to cite this article

Mapare SA, Rao PK, Reddy RV, Kumar MGM, Gorthi VSSC, Raju PVK. A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Diet Intake and Effect of Various Nutritions on Aggressive Periodontitis Patients. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):930-938.
Developmental Malformation of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Rare Sequel of Trauma
Authors: Jindal Garima
Published: February 2014

Dentofacial injuries that occur prior to the eruption of primary teeth can result in developmental disturbances not only in the primary but also in permanent dentition. Here we report a rare case of long term sequelae of trauma in a female child of 4 to 5 months of age which resulted in dilaceration and impaction of maxillary primary central incisors and subsequent enamel hypoplasia of the permanent maxillary central incisors.

How to cite this article

Jindal G, Kumar D. Developmental Malformation of Primary and Permanent Dentition: A Rare Sequel of Trauma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2013;14(5):944-947.
Within-Establishment Wage Inequality and Satisfaction
Authors: Poggi Ambra
Published: February 2014

The aim of this paper is to provide fresh empirical evidence on the mechanisms through which wage inequality affects worker satisfaction.Theoretically, the wages of others may affect workers’ utility for two main reasons: Workers may derive well-being from their social status (the comparison effect) and/or they may use others’ wages to help predict their own future wage (the information effect). The author tests both hypotheses. To do this, she models individual utility from pay as a function of a workers own wage and the earnings of all other workers within the same establishment, and she estimates the model using matched British employeremployee data. The author assumes incomplete information about others’ wages. She finds that the comparison effect matters. Interestingly, she also provides some evidence on a positive relation between well-being and inequality. Her results are robust to different specifications and different definitions of the reference group.