bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Twisted translation flows and effective weak mixing
Authors: Forni Giovanni
Published: July 2022

We introduce a twisted cohomology cocycle over the Teichmüller flow and prove a “spectral gap” for its Lyapunov spectrum with respect to the Masur–Veech measures. We then derive Hölder estimates on spectral measures and bounds on the speed of weak mixing for almost all translation flows in every stratum of Abelian differentials on Riemann surfaces, as well as bounds on the deviation of ergodic averages for product translation flows on the product of a translation surface with a circle.
On singularity formation for the two-dimensional unsteady Prandtl system around the axis
Authors: Collot Charles , Ghoul Tej-Eddine , Ibrahim Slim , Masmoudi Nader
Published: July 2022

We consider the two-dimensional unsteady Prandtl system. For a special class of outer Euler flows and solutions of the Prandtl system, the trace of the tangential derivative of the tangential velocity along the transversal axis solves a closed one-dimensional equation. First, we give a precise description of singular solutions for this reduced problem. A stable blow-up pattern is found, in which the blow-up point is ejected to infinity in finite time, and the solutions form a plateau with growing length. Second, in the case where, for a general analytic solution, this trace of the derivative on the axis follows the stable blow-up pattern, we show persistence of analyticity around the axis up to the blow-up time, and establish a universal lower bound of

(T - t)^{7/4}

for its radius of analyticity.
Spectral triples with multitwisted real structure
Authors: Dąbrowski Ludwik , Sitarz Andrzej
Published: July 2022

We generalize the notion of spectral triple with reality structure to spectral triples with multitwisted real structure, the class of which is closed under the tensor product composition. In particular, we introduce a multitwisted first-order condition (characterizing the Dirac operators as an analogue of first-order differential operator). This provides a unified description of the known examples, which include rescaled triples with the conformal factor from the commutant of the algebra and (on the algebraic level) triples on quantum disc and on quantum cone, that satisfy twisted first-order condition of Brzeziński et al. (2016, 2019), as well as asymmetric tori, non-scalar conformal rescaling and noncommutative circle bundles. In order to deal with them, we allow twists that do not implement automorphisms of the algebra of spectral triple.
Zametki in razcvet duhovne dramatike v zgodnjem novem veku na Slovenskem
Authors: Deželak Trojar Monika
Published: July 2022

The article deals with the beginnings of religious drama and the main features of its development in Europe up to the early modern period. It highlights the first examples of religious drama in the territory of the historical Slovenian lands and their periphery (a play about the life of Christ in Cividale in 1298 and 1304, a fragment of an Easter hymn from the monastery of Stična, Passion plays of the sixteenth century, a Protestant school theatre in Ljubljana). The focus is on Jesuit and Capuchin processions and religious plays, ranging from Passion and Penitential processions to Corpus Christi processions and religious plays on other feast days of the church year. The interesting phenomenon of religious plays in Ruše is also presented, along with some other Passion plays and processions attested to in sources in the wider Slovenian area, including some previously unknown drama fragments.
Jean Vodaine in njegove vezi s slovensko poezijo
Authors: Ferlež Urh
Published: July 2022

The article discusses the life and work of artist and writer Jean Vodaine (born Vladimir Kavčič). Vodaine was born in Čiginj near the town of Tolmin in 1921, but spent most of his life in France. He was a poet, graphic designer, painter, printer and publisher. The international literary magazine Dire was published for many years and is regarded as his crowning achievement. The impact of Vodaine’s life and work is seen in the popularisation of Slovenian poetry in France. With Veno Pilon, Vodaine created an anthology of Slovenian poetry that had been translated into French. He was a Slovenian immigrant living in Lorraine, an industrial and multinational region in France, which is also reflected in his works. Vodaine is important for the Slovenian, French and Lorrainian regional literature and culture.
Dodatek kot najpogosteje zaizpostavljena struktura nemškega stavka
Authors: Polajnar Lenarčič Janja , Tavčar Pirkovič Ana
Published: July 2022

The article deals with additions (Zusatz) in German online postings of comment forums. Additions represent one of the most frequently observed exbraciated structures in spoken German, i.e., structures placed outside the verbal bracket of a German sentence to the right. However, the latest studies point to the fact that additions are also used in the post-field of written German. The article first gives a theoretical overview of various post-field structures, then provides a definition of the term “addition” and describes its stylistic functions. In the syntactic and functional analysis, additions are analysed in user postings of comment forums, a relatively modern text type of computer-mediated communication that displays many characteristics of spoken language due to its interactivity and dialogicity. An analysis of 188 user postings (12,374 words) from different online newspapers and tabloid newspapers shows that additions are not only frequently used, but also demonstrate a great structural diversity and complexity, e.g., additions within additions, as well as various functional usages. In postings, which show characteristics of oral language, additions are used in ways that resemble their use in spoken language, i.e., they are primarily used for adding forgotten information, modification, gradation and, more rarely, correction of the preceding sentence. Interestingly, additions show little or no significant structural and functional variation across different topics and newspapers. This suggests that they represent a frequent and commonly used linguistic phenomenon in online postings of comment forums. However, there are some differences in their use with regard to individual users: interestingly, users with a high frequency of additions use additions of a particular structural type and function, which can be viewed as part of individual writing style.
Maturitetni šolski esej in bralna zmožnost literarnega bralca
Authors: Saksida Igor
Published: July 2022

Based on curricular documents, literary didactic theory and PISA assessment, the first part of the article summarises several dimensions of the literary reader’s reading competence, especially the interlacement of emotional response, understanding, evaluation and relevant contextual knowledge. The article focuses on literary evaluation, which can be based on internal or external criteria. In the central part, it analyses the essay instructions for the Slovenian general Matura essay and investigates which knowledge or level of response is expected from candidates, as well as the reliability of the assessment instructions. In discussing the essay writing instructions, the article demonstrates that these instructions guide students towards content retelling and predictable answers, whereas an analysis of the discrepancies between the examiners’ assessments of content and language shows that detailed but unreliable assessment instructions do not contribute to assessment objectivity. In the conclusion, some changes are proposed, mainly concerning greater subjectivity in writing Slovenian general Matura essays and a more holistic, less analytical approach to their assessment.
Influence of Antox® Probiotic, as Water Additive on Growth Performance, Nutrient Utilizatiion and Body Composition of the African Catfish, Clarias Gariepinus (BURCHEL, 1822) Fingerlings
Authors: Umaru J. , Agbugui M.O.
Published: July 2022

The study was carried out for three (3) months to determine the influence of a commercial probiotic Antox® which is a mono- strain probiotic consisting of live Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 4.125 × 106 cfu per 100ml on growth, nutrient utilization and body composition of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. Fish fingerlings (7.6 – 7.9g) were randomly distributed into five triplicate treatment groups in fifteen plastic tanks (80L) at a stocking density of ten (10) fish per tank. The probiotic was administered in the culture water of the treatment groups; 0mls (control, T0), 0,5ml (T1), 1.0 (T2), 1.5 (T3), 2.0 (T4) ml probiotic/80l. Water quality parameters were regularly monitored. The growth performance, nutrients utilization and body composition of C. gariepinus fingerlings between probiotic treated groups were significantly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing dosage of the probiotic. The best Final Mean Weight (121.3g), Mean Weight Gain (113.5g), Percentage Mean Weight Gain (1456.5g), Feed Conversion Ratio (0.92g) and Protein Efficiency Ratio (2.6g), were recorded in probiotic treatment group T4 (2.0ml). Similarly, the highest increase in carcass crude protein (69.9g), moisture (10.34), ash (15.26g) and dry matter (29.46) were recorded in treatment group T4 (2.0ml). Probiotic (Antox®) is recommended for administration in C. gariepinus fingerlings culture water at 2.0mls/ 80L.
Removal of Erichrome Black T from Aqueous Solution using Yam Peel Activated Carbon
Authors: Ladan M. , Usman F.A. , Maikudi M.I.
Published: July 2022

The present study was carried to evaluate the adsorption potential of yam peel activated carbon as adsorbent for the removal of Erichrome Black T (EBT). The adsorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM).The Adsorption was carried out as a function of adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration, pH and temperature using batch method. Equilibrium data were analyzed through isotherms, kinetic and thermodynamic modelling. The experimental adsorption isotherm data fitted well with Freudlinch in comparison to the other models tested. The n values obtained were greater than one indicating a favorable physical adsorption. The mean free energy (Ea.) from D-R was found to be <8 kJ/mol indicating physiosorption of the adsorbate onto adsorbent. Kinetics data were analyzed using pseudo first order, pseudo second order Elovich and intraparticle diffusion models. The results revealed that the adsorption was best described by pseudo second order model. Study of the thermodynamic behavior revealed a negative value of ΔG and positive values of ΔH and ΔS indicating spontaneous and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The results of this study reveal that the yam peel can be utilized as a good adsorbent for the removal of dye from aqueous solution.
Assessment of Nutritional Status, Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Secondary School Students in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Gadanya A.M. , Hamza B. , Abubakar S.M.
Published: July 2022

Poor nutritional status during adolescence is an important determinant of health outcome and sustainable development. Roughly 19.7% of the world’s adolescents reside in Africa. Nigeria has about 21% of its population as adolescents. Adequate nutrition knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among adolescents are necessary for improved nutrition status. However, there is limited data on nutrition KAP among adolescents to inform decision-making in the Northern Nigeria. The study assessed the nutritional status, knowledge, attitude and practices of secondary school girls in Kano, Nigeria. Descriptive research design was used for data collection, 137 students 10-22 years were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected using modified KAP questionnaire developed by the Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nation (FAO-UN). Height, weight was measured and used for the calculation of Body Mass Index (BMI). Data were analyzed using SPSS-20. Correlation analysis was used to assess relationship between Nutritional knowledge, attitude and practices. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results obtained indicated that majority of the participants (55.42%) were underweight, 43.06% normal, 0.79% overweight and 0.73% obesed. Nutritional Knowledge was found to be 62.77% good, 21.39% fair and 15.84% poor. Nutritional attitude and practice were found to be 16.06% good, 50.36% fair, 33.58% poor, and 1.46% good, 15.33% fair, and 83.21 poor respectively. Correlation between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and practice, as well as practice and attitude were 0.338 (p=0.001), 0.058 (p= 0.504) and 0.235 (p= 0.006) and respectively. Therefore, the study reveals poor nutritional status, adequate knowledge and no significant correlation was found between knowledge and practice.
Residual Accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) and their toxicities on Germination and Growth of three Maize (Zea mays L) varieties
Authors: Garba S.A. , AbdulHameed A. , Gaya E.A. , Abdulkadir N.
Published: July 2022

High levels of heavy metals in polluted soils are common, and concerns about their possible hazards to humans, livestock, and crops cannot be overemphasized. This study was carried out to determine the effects of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu) on germination and seedling growth of Sammaz, Oba super and Oba 98 maize (Zea mays) cultivars in order to determine their potentials as susceptibility (bioindicators) or tolerance (bioremediators). Treatments of the heavy metal ranged 2.88, 5.76, 8.63, 11.51, and 23.02 mg kg-1 for Cr, and 5000, 10000, and 15000 mg kg-1 for Cu, and no chemical treatment (control). Heavy metals from the plants were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) machine. All chemicals used had different levels of their effects on germination percentage (%) in the following pattern of increasing order of magnitude Cr ˃Cu. Initial seedling growth and development were strongly impeded by Cu, except Cr in all the three maize cultivars with a little bit development in the root and shoot. The concentration of Cr in the shoot of the three maize cultivars is in the order of Oba 98 ˃Oba Super˃ Sammaz while that of the root is in the order of Oba 98˃Sammaz˃Oba super. It can be concluded that the toxicity of Cr and Cu at the concentrations used in this experiment showed susceptibility of all the three maize cultivars and the toxic effects of these heavy metals. Thus, the maize cultivars could be bio-indicators of Cr and Cu toxicity.
Molecular Docking Study, Drug-Likeness and Pharmacokinetic Properties (ADMET) Prediction of Some Novel Thiophene Derivatives as Salmonella typhi Inhibitors
Authors: Anebi E. , Ibrahim M.T. , Shallangwa G.A. , Isyaku S. , Abdulsalam S. , Danmallam A.M.
Published: July 2022

Typhoid fever is a gram- negative bacterial infection caused by the bacterium called Salmonella Typhi, a rod-like shaped pathogen. Salmonella typhi is both food-born and water-born pathogen. This disease is affecting people in both developed and underdeveloped countries. In this research, geometry optimization was carried out using density functional theory (DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G* level of theory in finding the most stable structures of all the studied molecules. Molecular docking studies was carried out on novel thiophene derivatives (anti-typhoid agents) against S. Typhi target (DNA gyrase B) with the pdb ID: 1TM2 to virtually screened the studied molecules. The drug-likeness and pharmacokinetic properties of the investigated molecules were also evaluated using SWISSADME and pkCSM online web tools, respectively. The molecular docking virtual screening carried out on the anti-typhoid agents has explored their theoretical binding affinities (which ranges between -7.1 to 7.8 kcal/mol) and poses with the active sites of the S. Typhi target (DNA gyrase B). Compound A11 with the highest binding affinity of -7.8 Kcal/mol interacted with the following amino acid residues LYS35, THR247, ASP166, VAL164, TRP170, ALA222, PHE41, TR266, ASP116 and PHE41 in the active site of the receptor via conventional hydrogen bond, carbon hydrogen bond, hydrophobic and electrostatic interactions, respectively. The drug-likeness of the studied compounds showed good response to the Lipinski’s rule of five filtering criterion by not violating more than one of the filtering criterion thereby confirming their drug-likeness properties and oral bioavailability, respectively. Their ADMET properties showed that they were all absorbed in the intestinal at a rate above 80% and well distributed in the brain and the central nervous system. They were all found to be both substrate and inhibitors of 3A4 which indicated their metabolic properties. And based on their predicted total clearance values, they can be excreted out. All the reported compounds had a negative AMES toxicity which mean they were all non-toxic. With reference been made to an approved already existing anti-typhoid agent ciprofloxacin with a binding affinity of -7.3 Kcal/mol to the investigated molecules (most especially compound A11), All the reported molecules have higher binding affinities than the ciprofloxacin, having good pharmacokinetic properties therefore proves the tendency of their effectiveness when been administered as drug.
A Solventless Process for the Synthesis of Imidazolium-Based Ionic Liquids
Authors: Rufa'i S.A. , Yaqub H.U. , Ibrahim M.B.
Published: July 2022

Benzyl imidazole (1a) was successfully synthesized from the N-alkylation of imidazole with benzyl bromide. The product (1-benzylimidazole) was further alkylated using neat butyl bromide to yield an imidazolium ionic liquid, (1-Benzyl-3-butylimidazoliumbromide (2a)). Similarly, 1-methylimidazole (1b) was reacted with benzyl bromide to yield 1-Methyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide (2b). The synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic techniques and elemental compositions were established on the basis of C, H, N elemental analyses. Proton NMR of both ionic liquids 2a and 2b reveals the presence of downfield signals at 10.08 and 11.681 ppm respectively, which were assigned to the C-2 proton of the imidazole rings in the respective 2a and 2b confirming the successful synthesis of the two ionic liquids.
Impact de la salinité sur la diversité floristique dans la vallée de Bakhala (Fatick, Sénégal)
Authors: Amar Bineta , Mbaye Mame Samba , Tine Alfred Kouly , Diouf Ndongo , Diouf Jules , Ka Samba Laha , Dieng Birane , Noba Kandioura
Published: July 2022

La salinité fait peser de graves menaces sur l’équilibre des écosystèmes de toutes les zones agroécologiques du Sénégal, principalement dans le bassin arachidier et en Casamance. La déposition de sel dans le sol est un processus naturel, bien que les activités anthropiques et la sécheresse aient accéléré le processus de salinisation des terres. Ainsi, la restauration des terres est devenue un défi majeur pour le bien-être des populations et la durabilité de leurs activités socio-économiques. C’est dans cette optique que cette étude a été menée pour évaluer l’effet des ouvrages de réhabilitation des terres salées sur les paramètres physico-chimiques du sol et la structure de la flore et de la végétation dans la vallée de Bakhala. Ainsi, pour se faire, des échantillons composites de sol ont été prélevés dans la vallée de Bakhala suivant des transects puis acheminés au laboratoire Sols-Eaux-Plantes du CNRA/ISRA de Bambey où ils ont subi une analyse des paramètres physico-chimiques et l’inventaire de la flore et de la végétation selon la méthode de Braun-Blanquet a été réalisé. Les résultats révèlent que les sols de la vallée de Bakhala sont extrêmement acides (pH = 3,88 à 4,84) avec des niveaux de salinité faible en amont de digue 1 (150 à 328,7 μS/cm) et très élevé au niveau des autres transects (766 à 6486 μS/cm). Des textures sableuses, limono-sablo-argileuses et limono-sableuses ont été déterminées. L’étude de flore a permis de recenser 66 espèces appartenant à 55 genres et 20 familles avec une dominance des dicotylédones (71,21%). Les Fabaceae et les Poaceae regroupent près de la moitié des espèces de cette flore avec une nette dominance des thérophytes. Cette étude montre un effet répressif de la salinité sur la diversité floristique. Ainsi une dissemblance de la diversité floristique en fonction du gradient de salinité est notée. Les espèces telles que Blumea aurita et Enteropogon prieurii sont communes à tous les transects alors que l’espèce Cyperus longus a été uniquement rencontrée en aval de la digue intermédiaire. Ainsi cette étude reflète une distribution de la diversité floristique en fonction du gradient de salinité.
Conflits homme-éléphant dans la zone périphérique de la Réserve de Faune d’Abokouamékro (Centre Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Kobon Kobon Simplice , Soulemane Ouattara , Atta Assemien Cyrille-Joseph , Koua N’zi Daniel , N'Guessan Koffi Maurice
Published: July 2022

La Réserve de Faune d’Abokouamékro (RFA) fait partie du réseau d’aires protégées de la Côte d’Ivoire. Suite à la destruction de sa clôture en 2002 par la population riveraine, consécutive à une révolte, les éléphants se sont retrouvés dans le domaine rural. Une étude a été menée de septembre 2017 à octobre 2017 avec pour objectif d’élucider la problématique de ces conflits et leurs conséquences afin de contribuer à une meilleure protection de ce pachyderme, espèce menacée. Une enquête par questionnaire a été réalisée. Les résultats indiquent que les éléphants provenant de la réserve sont essentiellement responsables des dégâts des cultures. Ces dégâts ont été les destructions de cultures, les maraudes dans les cultures ainsi que des agressions d’hommes. Les dégâts de grande ampleur ont été observés dans les villages périphériques que sont Pranoua, Yobouébo, Agnérékoffikro et Tokoréyaokro. L’igname aliment de base de la zone a été la spéculation la plus touchée. Les techniques de refoulement utilisées ont été inefficaces. La solution durable aux conflits homme-éléphants dans la zone périphérique de la RFA devrait être la réhabilitation de la clôture de la réserve.
Effets du compost enrichi de l’urine humaine sur le rendement de la pomme de terre (MANDOLA) dans la Commune Urbaine de Faranah/République de Guinée
Authors: Samoura Bandjou , Balde Mamadou Malal , Kourouma Vamougnè , Barry Ibrahima , Sangare Lanciné , Camara Mamadi Mariame , Diallo Sara Bailo
Published: July 2022

Le faible niveau d’apport des engrais minéraux par les producteurs dus son prix exorbitant est l’un des facteurs limitant la production de la pomme de terre. Le compost enrichi de l’urine constitue une alternative pour augmenter le rendement des cultures à faible coût. L’objectif principal de ce travail était d’évaluer l’effet des doses du compost enrichi de l’urine humaine sur le rendement de la pomme de terre (MANDOLA). Les doses du compost enrichi par l’urine humaine utilisées sont : D0=0t/ha (Témoin) ; D1=15t /ha (240g /poquet) ; D2=30t /ha (480g/poquet) ; D3= 45t /ha (720g/poquet). Les résultats de l’observation phénologique ont montré que les différentes doses appliquées ont eu un effet en réduisant le cycle végétatif de la culture D1 (72 jours), D2 et D3 (70 jours) contre D0 (74 jours). Au vu des résultats d’analyse de variance, le rendement total en tubercules la dose D3 (13,07 t /ha) a été meilleure, suivie de D2 (12,76 t/ha) et D1 (11,98 t/ha) ; le plus faible rendement a été obtenu au niveau du témoin D0 (10,16t/ha). Cela dénote que l’apport du compost enrichi de l’urine humaine contribue à l’augmentation du rendement de la pomme terre.
Comparative efficacies of Eimeria tenella Apical membrane antigen-1 (Etama-1) DNA and live attenuated oocysts vaccines against experimental infection with field isolate of Eimeria tenella in broiler chickens
Authors: Shuaibu A.Z. , Jatau I.D. , Wakawa A.M. , Babashani M. , Sani N.A. , Aliyu H.B.
Published: July 2022

This study evaluated the efficacy of vaccination of broiler chickens against coccidiosis using Eimeria tenella (EtAMA-1) DNA vaccine in comparison to vaccination using live polyvalent oocyst vaccine (Livacox®). Forty-day-old broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 4 groups; group 1 birds were unvaccinated uninfected control, group 2 were unvaccinated infected, group 3 were vaccinated with 0.1ml containing100μg EtAMA-1 vaccine plasmid on the thigh muscle at days 14 and a booster at days 21 of age, while at 10 days old, group 4 birds were administered 0.2ml of Livacox®. At 28 days of age, all chickens except group 1 were inoculated with 1 × 104 sporulated oocysts of the E. tenella and evaluated for weight gain(WG), oocysts production (OP), lesion scoring (LS) and anti coccidial index (ACI). Higher WG (116±43.89 g) were recorded in group 4 compared to group 3 (110±29.15 g), although, statistically insignificant but was significant (p <0.05) when compared with group 2 (40±12.25 g). OP was significantly (p <0.05) higher in group 2 (1.3x105±11.00) compared to groups 3 and 4 (0.58x105±18.00 and  0.44x105 ±42.36) respectively. Both vaccines significantly (p <0.05) reduce the effects of E. tenella on LS (1.4 ± 0.6 and 1.0 ± 0.62) for groups 3 and 4 respectively compared to the unvaccinated group 2 (4.0 ± 0.00). Higher ACI was observed in groups 3 and 4 (177 and 180) respectively compared to group 2 (170). Conclusively, EtAMA-1 DNA vaccination ameliorated the effects of E. tenella infection in broiler chickens comparable to Livacox®.
Pathomorphology of liver and kidney in chronic carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) toxicity in splenectomised female albino rats
Authors: Unamba-Oparah I.C. , Unamba-Oparah C. , Okonkwo J.C. , Njoku N.U. , Nwagbara N.D.
Published: July 2022

Splenic abnormalities including splenomegaly and hypersplenism are common findings in animals with liver fibrosis/cirrhosis. This work sought to investigate the effect splenectomy will have on the pathomorphology of the liver and kidneys of rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) – induced chronic liver damage. Eighteen eight month old female albino rats were randomly assigned into three groups of six rats each. Group I was the untreated and served as the control. Group II was intact (not splenectomised), while Group III was splenectomised. Groups II and III were injected with 10 % CCl4 at the dose of 3 ml/kg body weight intraperitoneally, every five days. After 90 days, both groups II and III liver and kidneys showed pathologic changes consistent with chronic liver damage. Grossly there were nodular lesions in the livers while microscopically fibrosis and regeneration were observed. In the kidneys, interstitial congestion and generalised nephrosis were observed microscopically. However, it was also observed that these gross and the microscopic changes progressed in the liver of the splenectomised (Group III) than that from the unsplenectomised (Group II), while the pathology seen in the kidneys of Group II was more severe than in Group III. This suggested advanced fibrotic and regenerative changes in the pathomorphology of both the liver and kidney of splenectomised rats with chronic liver damage.
Fertility effects of Anacardium occidentale (Cashew leaves) in the West African Dwarf bucks
Authors: Ajani O.S. , Oyeyemi M.O. , Olukowi M.O.
Published: July 2022

Anacardium occidentale is a plant known for its vast medicinal properties and has been used in Nigeria for the treatment of several ailments. However, little is known about its effects on fertility in animals. This study was designed to assess the fertility effects of the aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale in the West African Dwarf breeding bucks. Sixteen West African Dwarf bucks were assigned into 2 groups A and B (n=8). Group A received a daily oral dose of 250mg/kg aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale for 14 days, while B served as the control. Blood and semen sample, as well as testes and epididymis were harvested from the bucks at days 7 and 14 post-treatment. Administration of aqueous leaf extract of Anacardium occidentale caused a significant decrease in RBC count, total protein and albumin level, semen volume and sperm motility. It also caused a reduction in the total number of morphologically abnormal sperm cells and a mild reduction in scrotal circumference, testicular and epididymal weight and diameter. It caused an increase in the size of the epididymal and testicular germinal luminal diameter and a decrease in epididymal and testicular germinal height. These suggested that its prolonged use in West African Dwarf breeding bucks may produce anti-fertility effect. Therefore, its incorporation into animal feeds must be done with caution.
Molecular survey of Trypanosoma congolense “Forest-Type” in Nigerian cattle
Authors: Okwelum N. , Onagbesan O. , Akinkuotu A. , Bemji M. , Daramola J. , Osinowo O. , Onwuka O.
Published: July 2022

African animal trypanosomosis is an important livestock disease in Nigeria which is considered as a threat to the on-going effort on poverty alleviation in the continent. The disease is caused by several Trypanosoma species which are protozoan parasites transmitted by tsetse. Trypanosomosis is characterized by tissue injury including overwhelming activation of Classical Myeloid cells that results in destruction of the liver and uncontrolled parasite growth. Reduction in production and sometimes death are disease sequella. Hence, proper surveillance of the disease using a sensitive tool is very necessary for monitoring and control of trypanosomosis. Therefore this study concentrated on providing knowledge on the true infection rate of Trypanosoma congolense “forest type” and its effect on body weight and haematological parameters. Blood sample was collected from 180 cattle, DNA was extracted and PCR technique was adopted for prevalence study. Haematological analysis was carried out using Auto-haemo-analyser. Data generated were analysed using SAS statistical package. A prevalence rate of 91.67% was recorded. There were significant (p<0.05) differences between Body-weight, Red Blood Cell count, Mean Corpuscular Volume and Monocyte number of infected and un-infected cattle. The haematology reveals that hosts were able to respond to anaemia compensatorily as perceived in the macro-cytic, normo-chromic status of the peripheral blood erythrocytic generation. The study concluded that the true prevalence of trypanosome infection is high and has both epidemiological and economic importance. This study `provides information that could facilitate future monitoring and control of the disease in the study area.
Ultrasonographic diagnosis of simultaneous pyometra with gestation in a bitch: A Diagnostic challenge
Authors: Bappah M.N. , Bada A.A. , Muhammad S.T. , Lawal M. , Mustapha R.A. , Aminu G.A. , Muhammad S.
Published: July 2022

A 1-year-old German Shepherd cross-bred bitch was diagnosed with cystic endometrial hyperplasia - pyometra complex and commenced treatment without detection of gestational sacs using ultrasound, until the bitch aborted two stillbirths and one live preterm puppies 12 hours after ultrasonographic examination and 36 hours after commencement of treatment. Gestation should not be ruled out immediately after ultrasonographic diagnosis of pyometra in bitches.
Effects of Coconut, Groundnut and Tigernut Milk-Based Extenders on Fresh and Chilleduda Ram Semen in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Bamanga M.U. , Abba A. , Mustapha A. , Bukar M.M. , Waziri M.A. , Maina V. , Ribadu A.Y. , Amin J.D.
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to determine the effects of coconut, groundnut and Tigernut milk based extenders on some characteristics of Uda ram semen in Maiduguri, Nigeria. A total of 96 semen samples were collected using electro-ejaculator from six Uda rams, twice a week, for 8 weeks. Semen was pooled and divided into 4 aliquots. One aliquot was diluted with Oviplus® solution and egg yolk (Oviplus® + egg yolk) and served as control. The other 3 aliquots were extended with coconut, groundnut and tigernut milk-based extenders respectively. The samples were chilled to 5°C and evaluated for individual motility, livability and morphologic abnormalities. These evaluations were made immediately, at 24, 48 and at 72 hours post extension. The average semen volume, individual motility, livability, morphologic abnormalities, pH and concentration of semen analyzed immediately after collection were 1.35 ± 0.1 ml, 80.9 ± 1.5 (%), 75.8 ± 2.0 (%), 8.0 ± 0.8 (%), 6.9 ± 0.1 and 3.2 ± 0.2 (x109/ml) respectively. Furthermore, it was found that coconut, ground nut and tiger nut milkbased extenders maintained good semen quality of Uda rams till 48 hours post extension when chilled at 5°C and that the tiger nut milk based extenders have better semen preservative ability than the coconut and the ground nut milk based extenders.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practices of Horse Handlers and Grooms Towards Brucellosis in Horses in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: Baba A.Y. , Saidu S.A. , Kaltungo B.Y. , Salisu U.S. , Babashani M. , Buhari H.U.
Published: July 2022

A study was carried out to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices of grooms towards brucellosis in Kaduna State, Nigeria. Structured questionnaires were administered to 40 horse owners and grooms’ men in three Local Government Areas (LGAs); Sabon Gari, Zaria and Igabi; of Kaduna State, Nigeria to access knowledge, attitude and practices towards brucellosis in horses. Results from structured questionnaire showed only 37.50% (95% CI) of the respondents were aware of brucellosis, of this 22.50% (95% CI) ascribed their sources of information on the disease to be the media, 10.00% (95% CI) from experienced grooms while 5.00% (95% CI) said they heard of the disease from professionals who attended to the veterinary care of their horses. Of the respondents, only 15.00% (95% CI) were aware that brucellosis is zoonotic and mentioned that it could be contracted via ingestion of contaminated material (12.50%) and contact (2.50%). On attitude of respondents towards brucellosis, 15.00% (95% CI) reported lending out their stallions for breeding to other stables. Only 2.50% (95% CI) did not borrow stallions for breeding because they considered brucellosis and trichomoniasis as reproductive diseases that could result from the use infected stallions. The study also reported 52.50% (95% CI) and 40.00% (95% CI) of the respondents were in the habit of lending and borrowing out grooming tools respectively. They lend and borrow out tool despite mentioning that such acts are capable of leading to diseases such as ulcerative lymphangitis (95.00%), ringworm (72.50%), dermatophilosis (5.00%) and thrush (7.50%). 67.50% (95% CI) of respondents mentioned that they participated in durbars and other tournaments with their horses and reported such participation could result in diseases like ulcerative lymphangitis (25.00%) and wounds (27.50%). 50.00% (95% CI) of the respondents grazed their horses where other animals grazed and reported that even where there were reports of abortions by such animals their horses did not come down with brucellosis. All the respondents reported giving their horses’ routine veterinary medical care, especially against babesiosis. The implication of this finding is that Brucella organisms may be spread among horse handlers and the grooms due to inadequate knowledge on brucellosis. The findings revealed poor knowledge attitude and practices towards brucellosis on the part of horse handlers and grooms. It was concluded that there is a need to create awareness amongst groomsmen and horse owners on the presence of brucellosis in horses as well as the dangers of zoonotic infection.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Helminth Parasites of Local Chicken Slaughtered at Jalingo Market, Taraba State, Nigeria
Authors: Inuwa B. , Musa I.M. , Konto M. , Balami P.U.
Published: July 2022

Gastrointestinal parasites constitute a serious problem to poultry production in Africa. But often times they are usually ignored by the majority of farmers. Whereas, it is one of the major leading causes of ill-health and high mortality rates in the poultry industry. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites of chicken slaughtered at the Jalingo market. A total of 500 gastrointestinal tracts of local chicken comprising of 250 from males and 250 from females were collected from the poultry slaughtering and dressing section of the Jalingo market, and screened for gastrointestinal helminths using the saturated sodium chloride floatation techniques. An overall prevalence of 28.6% (143/500) was recorded with a prevalence of 16.8% (84/500) in males and 11.8% (59/500) females. Nine different species parasites comprising five nematodes and four cestodes, were recorded. Nematodes were the most predominant intestinal parasite with a prevalence rate of 89 (62.2%). And Ascaridia galli 45 (50.5%) was found to be the most prevalent nematode. Other nematodes observed were Capillaria annulata 13.4% (12/89), Heterakis gallinarum 2.2% (2/89), Strongyloides avium 32.5% (29/89), and Syngamus trachea 1.1% (1/89) having the lowest prevalence. Railliatina tetragona 57.4% (31/143) was the most prevalent cestode recorded. Other Cestodes were Hymenolepis carioca 27.7% (15/54), Raillietina cesticellus 12.9% (7/54), and Davainea proglottina 1.8% (1/54). No trematode was recorded in this study. This study showed that nematodes and cestodes were  the common helminth parasites in local chicken. There is therefore the need for educating the farmers on the impact of gastrointestinal parasite infection in chicken and the need to institute good management practices so as to reduce their effects on productivity. Sex of the chicken had no statistically significant difference (X2 = 6.12, df = 1; P > 0.05) on the prevalence of helminths.

Keywords: Prevalence, Domestic chicken, Gastrointestinal tract helminth, Jalingo, Nigeria
Prepartum and Postpartum Evaluation of Internal Genitalia of Red Sokoto Goat Does Using Digital Rectal Palpation Technique
Authors: Bello A.A. , Voh Jr.A.A. , Ogwu D. , Ayo J.O.
Published: July 2022

Study was aimed at determining prepartum and postpartum transrectal palpability of segments of internal genitalia of Red Sokoto Goat (RSG) does using digital rectal palpation technique. Weekly transrectal palpation of 50 does was performed prepartum for nine weeks using digital rectal palpation (DRP) technique with index finger to determine prepartum transrectal palpability. Transrectal measurement of width and length of genital segments was carried out on 26 does using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Twenty eight does that were cycling and with normal reproductive tract were selected and divided into artificial insemination (n = 14) and natural service (n = 14) groups indicating the method of breeding used. Body condition score (BCS) was measured. Determination of postpartum transrectal palpability and measurement of width and length of genital segments was performed on 26 does that kidded using DRP technique with index finger that had predetermined width and length. Evaluation was carried out on day 7, 14, 21 and 28 postpartum to palpate, measure genital segments and assess uterine involution. Length of index finger was 9.0 cm. Prepartum palpability of vagina, cervix, uterus, oviduct and ovary was 449 (100%), 433 (96.4%), 401 (89.3%), 0 (0.0%) and 207 (46.2%), respectively. Detection of uterus and ovary decreased with increasing BCS with P < 0.05 association. Mean values for width and length of uterus was 2.67 ± 0.25 cm and 5.22 ± 0.49 cm, respectively. Postpartum palpability of vagina, cervix and uterus was 104 (100%) day 7, 14, 21 and 28. Width and length of uterus on day 28 postpartum was 2.70 ± 0.08 cm and 6.21 ± 0.60 cm, respectively. Conclusion: vagina, cervix, uterus and ovary were transrectally palpable prepartum and postpartum using DRP technique with index finger; postpartum width and length of uterus on day 28 indicate completion of postpartum uterine involution in RSG does.
Application of Bruce-Ladder Multiplex PCR for Identification of Brucella abortus Isolated from Cattle in Kachia Grazing Reserve and Jos Plateau
Authors: Bertu W.J. , Ocholi R.A. , Kwaga J.K.P. , Kabir J. , Gusi A.M. , Ngulukun S.S. , Mwankon E. , Hassan M. , Nanven M.A. , Ducrotoy M.J. , Andrés-Barranco S. , Moriyon I.
Published: July 2022

A study was carried out to isolate Brucella strains from cattle in Kachia Grazing Reserve (KGR) and some communities on Jos Plateau and to carry out phenotypic and molecular characterization of the isolates along with other isolates obtained from field submissions and those in the archive of National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI), Vom. A total of 63 vaginal swabs, 36 milk samples, and 2 hygroma fluids were collected from KGR while 70 vaginal swabs, 50 milk samples and 2 hygroma fluids were collected on the Jos Plateau for Brucella isolation. They were cultured for Brucella isolation according to standard Brucella isolation protocol. Three Brucella abortus strains were isolated from KGR while 4 Brucella abortus strains were isolated from the Jos Plateau respectively. Eight isolates from field submissions and 5 from the archive were collected and resuscitated. Comprehensive characterization of the isolates in this study revealed that they were all Brucella abortus. Similarly, characterization of archived isolates and those from field submissions showed that they were Brucella abortus. The classical biotyping of all the isolates revealed that they were Brucella abortus biotype 3. Molecular characterization of all the isolates by Bruce-ladder multiplex Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) showed bands consistent with Brucella abortus. This is the first molecular characterization of Brucella isolates from Nigeria using the Bruce-ladder multiplex PCR and the first study that established that Brucella abortus biotype 3 is the predominant Brucella strain in Nigeria. The study established the endemicity of brucellosis due to Brucella abortus, in the two study areas. These findings have great veterinary and public health implications. There is therefore an urgent need for the institution and implementation of brucellosis control measures in these areas.
Detection of Verocytotoxin-Producing Escherichia Coli in Raw and Fermented (Nono) Milk in Sokoto Metropolis, Sokoto State, Nigeria.
Authors: Shagari A.S.I. , Bello M. , Lawan M.K.
Published: July 2022

Verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli (VTEC) also called Shiga toxin producing Escherichia coli (STEC), are food borne organisms which cause fatal disease in human. The bacteria are frequently found in cattle gastrointestinal tract with high potential of contaminating animal products such as milk, meat, and cheese. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of VTEC and to detect the presence of stx1, stx2, and eaeA genes in raw and fermented milk sold within sokoto metropolis.Milk samples were analysed using bacterial culture, biochemical test and PCR for molecular identification. Bacteriological culture and biochemical characterization produced Escherichia coli with detection rate 0f 16.0% (38/238). Molecular identification of isolates by Polymerase chain reaction revealed 47.4% (18/38) detection rate of VTEC. The total prevalence of VTEC in the study was 7.6% (18/238), with proportion of raw and fermented milk were 12.5% (13/104) and 3.7% (5/134). There was no association (P≥ 0.05) between VTEC and different milk types. Amplification of isolate by mPCR using specific primers stx1, stx2, and eaeA gene confirmed that (94.4% (17) harboured stx2 and 1 (5.6%) harboured stx1 and eaeA genes.The study established prevalence of VTEC in raw and fermented milk consumed within sokoto metropolis, and presence of stx1, stx2 and eaeA gene. These findings indicate potential faecal contamination of the milk with VTEC in raw and fermented milk. Veterinary services in the state should educate farmers on the importance of farm hygiene and enlighten the Hausa/Fulani nomad and public on the danger associated with the consumption of contaminated milk.
Silicosis en trabajadores expuestos a conglomerados de cuarzo
Authors: Rattia-Rivas Cesar Enrique , Martinez-Aguirre Sergio , Affinito Marianna , Lonighi Sherry Sue , Maqueda Jerónimo
Published: July 2022

Introducción: la silicosis, enfermedad crónica, causada por la inhalación de polvo de sílice cristalina, sigue siendo un problema de salud laboral vigente. El objetivo de la investigación consistió en estimar el riesgo de silicosis complicada y/o acelerada en trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice de conglomerados de cuarzo frente al riesgo de los trabajadores expuestos a roca ornamental.

Método: se desarrolló un estudio analítico de casos y controles prevalentes en trabajadores cuya vigilancia de la salud se realizó en el instituto Nacional de Silicosis (España), entre el 1 de enero de 2008 y el 31 de diciembre de 2018 (N = 90). El valor de la significación de todos los contrastes de hipótesis realizados fue α = 0,05.

Resultados: se determinó mayor riesgo de silicosis complicada en los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice proveniente del uso de conglomerados de cuarzo mediante el cálculo de Chi cuadrado, con un total de 7 casos (46,67%) de silicosis complicada (p = 0,046).

Conclusiones: existe mayor riesgo de silicosis complicada en los trabajadores expuestos a polvo de sílice proveniente del uso de conglomerados de cuarzo frente a los expuestos a polvo de sílice de roca ornamental. No se observó relación entre el riesgo de desarrollar silicosis acelerada y la exposición a conglomerados de cuarzo en la muestra analizada.
Somatic writing: a collection of articles, nonfiction and poetry on the body in motion.
Authors:   , Pallant Cheryl
Published: July 2022

This is a PhD by publication based on previously published books and shorter works of poetry, non-fiction, and short fiction. These somatic writings express the relationship between language and the body in ways that encourage readers to reconnect with their own body. My approach to writing is full bodied and draws from an awareness of the many layers of bodily experience, from proprioception, kinaesthesia, interoception, and imaginal and liminal states derived from dance, specifically Contact Improvisation, meditation, Process Work, and other somatic modalities. Working phenomenologically from a lived experience of the body through first-person sensory perception, the central method applied, resulted in breaking with traditional conventions of writing. Reflections include looking at early influences of scoliosis and asthma; writers such as Gertrude Stein, Charles Olsen, Helene Cixous, George Quasha, and Italo Calvino; dancers Carmen Beuchat and Deborah Hay; somatic modalities such as Authentic Movement, Continuum, butoh; and somatic and education theorists such as Don Hanlon Johnson, Sondra Fraleigh, Yuasa Yasuo, Amanda Williamson, Martha Eddy, Arnold Mindell, Howard Gardner, Kazuaki Tanahashi, and others. Areas of investigation include consciousness, liminality, imagination, and embodied spirituality which position somatic writing techniques as being not only an integrative reflective tool but recognizing language and movement of equal and necessary importance. The notion that deep bodily experience can not be captured in words is challenged by a developed somatic intelligence wrought by a nimble attentiveness to combining the languages of writing and movement.