bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qualitätskontrolle und Validierung in der diagnostischen Durchflusszytometrie
Authors: Dorn-Beineke Alexandra , Sack Ulrich
Published: February 2016

Die Durchflusszytometrie hat sich in der Labordiagnostik als unverzichtbare Spezialmethode durchgesetzt. Wegen der Besonderheiten in der Analytik vitaler Zellen stellt die Einführung und Gewährleistung von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen eine Herausforderung dar. Zur Qualitätskontrolle und Validierung in der diagnostischen Durchflusszytometrie liegen mittlerweile Erfahrungen vor, die in diesem Beitrag zusammenfassend dargestellt werden. Im Fokus stehen dabei die relevanten Regelwerke für diagnostische Laboratorien und die damit verbundenen Anforderungen an die medizinische Diagnostik, neben den Richtlinien der Bundesärztekammer (RiliBÄK) insbesondere die Akkreditierung nach DIN EN ISO 15189. Dabei werden Faktoren mit Einfluss auf durchflusszytometrische Analysen, Strategien zur Standardisierung und Harmonisierung in der Durchflusszytometrie und Möglichkeiten zur Verifizierung und Validierung im durchflusszytometrischen Labor aufgezeigt. Eine Zusammenfassung häufiger Qualitätsprobleme schließt die Darstellung ab.
Temporal Evolution of Spatial Computations for Visuomotor Control
Authors: Franklin David W. , Reichenbach Alexandra , Franklin Sae , Diedrichsen Jörn
Published: February 2016

Goal-directed reaching movements are guided by visual feedback from both target and hand. The classical view is that the brain extracts information about target and hand positions from a visual scene, calculates a difference vector between them, and uses this estimate to control the movement. Here we show that during fast feedback control, this computation is not immediate, but evolves dynamically over time. Immediately after a change in the visual scene, the motor system generates independent responses to the errors in hand and target location. Only about 200 ms later, the changes in target and hand positions are combined appropriately in the response, slowly converging to the true difference vector. Therefore, our results provide evidence for the temporal evolution of spatial computations in the human visuomotor system, in which the accurate difference vector computation is first estimated by a fast approximation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dominant view regarding the neural control of reaching is that the visuomotor system controls movement based on the difference vector—the difference between the positions of the hand and target. We directly test this theory by measuring the responses to visual perturbations over a large range of possible variations in both target and hand displacements. By modeling the nonlinearity of the feedback response, we were able to reveal the temporal evolution of the underlying computations. The visuomotor system first uses an approximation to the difference vector computation, simply combining the nonlinear responses to cursor and target displacements, only arriving at the correct difference vector calculation 200 ms later.
A Distributed Network for Social Cognition Enriched for Oxytocin Receptors
Authors: Mitre Mariela , Marlin Bianca J. , Schiavo Jennifer K. , Morina Egzona , Norden Samantha E. , Hackett Troy A. , Aoki Chiye J. , Chao Moses V. , Froemke Robert C.
Published: February 2016

Oxytocin is a neuropeptide important for social behaviors such as maternal care and parent–infant bonding. It is believed that oxytocin receptor signaling in the brain is critical for these behaviors, but it is unknown precisely when and where oxytocin receptors are expressed or which neural circuits are directly sensitive to oxytocin. To overcome this challenge, we generated specific antibodies to the mouse oxytocin receptor and examined receptor expression throughout the brain. We identified a distributed network of female mouse brain regions for maternal behaviors that are especially enriched for oxytocin receptors, including the piriform cortex, the left auditory cortex, and CA2 of the hippocampus. Electron microscopic analysis of the cerebral cortex revealed that oxytocin receptors were mainly expressed at synapses, as well as on axons and glial processes. Functionally, oxytocin transiently reduced synaptic inhibition in multiple brain regions and enabled long-term synaptic plasticity in the auditory cortex. Thus modulation of inhibition may be a general mechanism by which oxytocin can act throughout the brain to regulate parental behaviors and social cognition.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOxytocin is an important peptide hormone involved in maternal behavior and social cognition, but it has been unclear what elements of neural circuits express oxytocin receptors due to the paucity of suitable antibodies. Here, we developed new antibodies to the mouse oxytocin receptor. Oxytocin receptors were found in discrete brain regions and at cortical synapses for modulating excitatory-inhibitory balance and plasticity. These antibodies should be useful for future studies of oxytocin and social behavior.
Phase Locking of Multiple Single Neurons to the Local Field Potential in Cat V1
Authors: Martin Kevan A. C. , Schröder Sylvia
Published: February 2016

The local field potential (LFP) is thought to reflect a temporal reference for neuronal spiking, which may facilitate information coding and orchestrate the communication between neural populations. To explore this proposed role, we recorded the LFP and simultaneously the spike activity of one to three nearby neurons in V1 of anesthetized cats during the presentation of drifting sinusoidal gratings, binary dense noise stimuli, and natural movies. In all stimulus conditions and during spontaneous activity, the average LFP power at frequencies >20 Hz was higher when neurons were spiking versus not spiking. The spikes were weakly but significantly phase locked to all frequencies of the LFP. The average spike phase of the LFP was stable across high and low levels of LFP power, but the strength of phase locking at low frequencies (≤10 Hz) increased with increasing LFP power. In a next step, we studied how strong stimulus responses of single neurons are reflected in the LFP and the LFP–spike relationship. We found that LFP power was slightly increased and phase locking was slightly stronger during strong compared with weak stimulus-locked responses. In summary, the coupling strength between high frequencies of the LFP and spikes was not strongly modulated by LFP power, which is thought to reflect spiking synchrony, nor was it strongly influenced by how strongly the neuron was driven by the stimulus. Furthermore, a comparison between neighboring neurons showed no clustering of preferred LFP phase. We argue that hypotheses on the relevance of phase locking in their current form are inconsistent with our findings.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe local field potential (LFP) is hypothesized to play a vital role in the efficient communication between neuronal populations, as well as in the efficient coding of information. Underlying these roles is the assumption that spikes can be strongly and reliably locked to certain phases of oscillations in the LFP. Gamma oscillations are thought to be the best candidate mechanism exerting the hypothesized roles of the LFP. They occur most reliably in response to specific artificial stimuli, but are usually very weak in response to natural movies or images. The current study finds that spikes exhibited weak phase locking when the power of gamma oscillations is weak and thus casts doubt on a general relevance of phase locking for neural communication and coding.
Parkin Modulates Endosomal Organization and Function of the Endo-Lysosomal Pathway
Authors: Song Pingping , Trajkovic Katarina , Tsunemi Taiji , Krainc Dimitri
Published: February 2016

Mutations inPARK2(parkin), which encodes Parkin protein, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, are associated with autosomal recessive early-onset Parkinson's disease (PD). While several studies implicated Parkin in the regulation of mitophagy and proteasomal degradation, the precise mechanism leading to neurodegeneration upon Parkin loss of function remains incompletely understood. In this study, we found that Parkin modulates the endocytic pathway through the regulation of endosomal structure and function. We showed that loss of Parkin function led to decreased endosomal tubulation and membrane association of vesicle protein sorting 35 (VPS35) and sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), as well as decreased mannose 6 phosphate receptor (M6PR), suggesting the impairment of retromer pathway in Parkin-deficient cells. We also found increased formation of intraluminal vesicles coupled with enhanced release of exosomes in the presence of mutant Parkin. To elucidate the molecular mechanism of these alterations in the endocytic pathway in Parkin-deficient cells, we found that Parkin regulates the levels and activity of Rab7 by promoting its ubiquitination on lysine 38 residue. Both endogenous Rab7 in Parkin-deficient cells and overexpressed K38 R-Rab7 mutant displayed decreased effector binding and membrane association. Furthermore, overexpression of K38R-Rab7 in HEK293 cells phenocopied the increased secretion of exosomes observed in Parkin-deficient cells, suggesting that Rab7 deregulation may be at least partially responsible for the endocytic phenotype observed in Parkin-deficient cells. These findings establish a role for Parkin in regulating the endo-lysosomal pathway and retromer function and raise the possibility that alterations in these pathways contribute to the development of pathology in Parkin-linked Parkinson's disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTOur work highlights the importance of Parkin in controlling the endocytic pathway by regulation of retromer function, endosomal tubulation, and inward vesiculation, and the secretion of exosomes.
P2Y Receptors Sensitize Mouse and Human Colonic Nociceptors
Authors: Hockley James R. F. , Tranter Michael M. , McGuire Cian , Boundouki George , Cibert-Goton Vincent , Thaha Mohamed A. , Blackshaw L. Ashley , Michael Gregory J. , Baker Mark D. , Knowles Charles H. , Winchester Wendy J. , Bulmer David C.
Published: February 2016

Activation of visceral nociceptors by inflammatory mediators contributes to visceral hypersensitivity and abdominal pain associated with many gastrointestinal disorders. Purine and pyrimidine nucleotides (e.g., ATP and UTP) are strongly implicated in this process following their release from epithelial cells during mechanical stimulation of the gut, and from immune cells during inflammation. Actions of ATP are mediated through both ionotropic P2X receptors and metabotropic P2Y receptors. P2X receptor activation causes excitation of visceral afferents; however, the impact of P2Y receptor activation on visceral afferents innervating the gut is unclear. Here we investigate the effects of stimulating P2Y receptors in isolated mouse colonic sensory neurons, and visceral nociceptor fibers in mouse and human nerve-gut preparations. Additionally, we investigate the role of Nav1.9 in mediating murine responses. The application of UTP (P2Y2and P2Y4agonist) sensitized colonic sensory neurons by increasing action potential firing to current injection and depolarizing the membrane potential. The application of ADP (P2Y1, P2Y12, and P2Y13agonist) also increased action potential firing, an effect blocked by the selective P2Y1receptor antagonist MRS2500. UTP or ADP stimulated afferents, including mouse and human visceral nociceptors, in nerve-gut preparations. P2Y1and P2Y2transcripts were detected in 80% and 56% of retrogradely labeled colonic neurons, respectively. Nav1.9 transcripts colocalized in 86% of P2Y1-positive and 100% of P2Y2-positive colonic neurons, consistent with reduced afferent fiber responses to UTP and ADP in Nav1.9−/−mice. These data demonstrate that P2Y receptor activation stimulates mouse and human visceral nociceptors, highlighting P2Y-dependent mechanisms in the generation of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChronic visceral pain is a debilitating symptom of many gastrointestinal disorders. The activation of pain-sensing nerves located in the bowel wall and their sensitization to physiological stimuli, including bowel movements, underpins the development of such pain, and is associated with mediators released during disease. This work addresses the unstudied role of purine and pyrimidine nucleotides in modulating colonic nociceptors via P2Y receptors using a combination of electrophysiological recordings from humanex vivosamples and a detailed functional study in the mouse. This is the first report to identify colonic purinergic signaling as a function of P2Y receptor activation, in addition to established P2X receptor activity, and the results contribute to our understanding of the development of visceral pain during gastrointestinal disease.
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphatase-2 Deletion Impairs Synaptic Plasticity and Hippocampal-Dependent Memory
Authors: Abdul Rahman Nor Zaihana , Greenwood Sam M. , Brett Ros R. , Tossell Kyoko , Ungless Mark A. , Plevin Robin , Bushell Trevor J.
Published: February 2016

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) regulate brain function and their dysfunction is implicated in a number of brain disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Thus, there is great interest in understanding the signaling systems that control MAPK function. One family of proteins that contribute to this process, the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs), directly inactivate MAPKs through dephosphorylation. Recent studies have identified novel functions of MKPs in development, the immune system, and cancer. However, a significant gap in our knowledge remains in relation to their role in brain functioning. Here, using transgenic mice where theDusp4gene encoding MKP-2 has been knocked out (MKP-2−/−mice), we show that long-term potentiation is impaired in MKP-2−/−mice compared with MKP-2+/+controls whereas neuronal excitability, evoked synaptic transmission, and paired-pulse facilitation remain unaltered. Furthermore, spontaneous EPSC (sEPSC) frequency was increased in acute slices and primary hippocampal cultures prepared from MKP-2−/−mice with no effect on EPSC amplitude observed. An increase in synapse number was evident in primary hippocampal cultures, which may account for the increase in sEPSC frequency. In addition, no change in ERK activity was detected in both brain tissue and primary hippocampal cultures, suggesting that the effects of MKP-2 deletion were MAPK independent. Consistent with these alterations in hippocampal function, MKP-2−/−mice show deficits in spatial reference and working memory when investigated using the Morris water maze. These data show that MKP-2 plays a role in regulating hippocampal function and that this effect may be independent of MAPK signaling.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTRecently, there has been significant focus on proteins that control mitogen-activated protein kinases' (MAPKs) function, namely the mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatases (MKPs). Recent studies have revealed novel roles for a specific MKP, MKP-2, in the immune system and cancer. In the present study, we focus on MKP-2 to determine its role in neuronal function. Using transgenic mice where theDusp4gene encoding MKP-2 has been knocked out, we use a number of techniques to reveal that MKP-2 deletion increases spontaneous neurotransmitter release, impairs the induction of synaptic plasticity, and induces deficits in hippocampal-dependent memory. These findings provide a new insight into role that MKP-2 plays in regulation hippocampal function and that this may be independent of MAPK signaling.
Gating of Acoustic Transducer Channels Is Shaped by Biomechanical Filter Processes
Authors: Hummel Jennifer , Schöneich Stefan , Kössl Manfred , Scherberich Jan , Hedwig Berthold , Prinz Simone , Nowotny Manuela
Published: February 2016

Mechanoelectrical transduction of acoustic signals is the fundamental process for hearing in all ears across the animal kingdom. Here, we performedin vivolaser-vibrometric and electrophysiological measurements at the transduction site in an insect ear (Mecopoda elongata) to relate the biomechanical tonotopy along the hearing organ to the frequency tuning of the corresponding sensory cells. Our mechanical and electrophysiological map revealed a biomechanical filter process that considerably sharpens the neuronal response. We demonstrate that the channel gating, which acts on chordotonal stretch receptor neurons, is based on a mechanical directionality of the sound-induced motion. Further, anatomical studies of the transduction site support our finding of a stimulus-relevant tilt. In conclusion, we were able to show, in an insect ear, that directionality of channel gating considerably sharpens the neuronal frequency selectivity at the peripheral level and have identified a mechanism that enhances frequency discrimination in tonotopically organized ears.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe evolutionarily conserved ability of sensory cells to sense sound-induced mechanical forces is a fundamental process that still need investigating. In ears, the transduction process of acoustic signals from sound to frequency-specific neuronal responses of sensory cells is based on the opening of mechanosensitive ion channels. Here, we investigated mechanotransduction in the katydid's hearing organ within vivomeasurements of the sound-induced mechanical stimulus and of the electrical responses of the sensory cell at the transduction site. By combining anatomical, biophysical, and neurophysiological data, we present for the first time evidence of a crucial frequency-filter mechanism integral to the channel gating process. This filter takes effect at the first step of the signal transduction chain and shapes behavior-relevant hearing information.
Mitochondria and senescence: new actors for an old play
Authors: Herranz Nicolás , Gil Jesús
Published: February 2016

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to both cellular senescence and ageing. Despite the relationship, it is still unclear whether mitochondria have a causal role in senescence. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Correia‐Melo et al () combine targeted depletion of mitochondria with impairment of their biogenesis to demonstrate that decreased numbers of mitochondria impair the senescence response. Their results suggest that targeting mitochondria could reduce the detrimental effects of senescence during ageing.
Prognostic utility of blood pressure-adjusted global and basal systolic longitudinal strain
Authors: Rhea Isaac B. , Rehman Shuja , Jarori Upasana , Choudhry Muhammad W. , Feigenbaum Harvey , Sawada Stephen G.
Published: February 2016

Assessment of global longitudinal systolic strain (GLS) and longitudinal systolic strain of the basal segments (BLS) has shown prognostic value in cardiac disorders. However, strain is reduced with increased afterload. We assessed the prognostic value of GLS and BLS adjusted for afterload. GLS and BLS were determined in 272 subjects with normal ejection fraction and no known coronary disease, or significant valve disease. Systolic blood pressure (SP) and diastolic blood pressure (DP) obtained at the time of echocardiography were used to adjust GLS and BLS as follows: strain×P (mmHg)/120 mmHg and strain×P (mmHg)/80 mmHg. Patients were followed for cardiac events and mortality. The mean age was 53±15 years and 53% had hypertension. There were 19 cardiac events and 70 deaths over a mean follow-up of 26±14 months. Cox analysis showed that left ventricular mass index (P=0.001), BLS (P<0.001), and DP-adjusted BLS (P<0.001) were independent predictors of cardiac events. DP-adjusted BLS added incremental value (P<0.001) to the other two predictors and had an area under the curve of 0.838 for events. DP (P=0.001), age (P=0.001), ACE inhibitor use (P=0.017), and SP-adjusted BLS (P=0.012) were independent predictors of mortality. SP-adjusted BLS added incremental value (P=0.014) to the other independent predictors. In conclusion, DP-adjusted BLS and SP-adjusted BLS were independent predictors of cardiac events and mortality, respectively. Blood pressure-adjusted strain added incremental prognostic value to other predictors of outcome.
The first decade of estrogen receptor cistromics in breast cancer
Authors: Flach Koen D , Zwart Wilbert
Published: February 2016

The advent of genome-wide transcription factor profiling has revolutionized the field of breast cancer research. Estrogen receptor α (ERα), the major drug target in hormone receptor-positive breast cancer, has been known as a key transcriptional regulator in tumor progression for over 30 years. Even though this function of ERα is heavily exploited and widely accepted as an Achilles heel for hormonal breast cancer, only since the last decade we have been able to understand how this transcription factor is functioning on a genome-wide scale. Initial ChIP-on-chip (chromatin immunoprecipitation coupled with tiling array) analyses have taught us that ERα is an enhancer-associated factor binding to many thousands of sites throughout the human genome and revealed the identity of a number of directly interacting transcription factors that are essential for ERα action. More recently, with the development of massive parallel sequencing technologies and refinements thereof in sample processing, a genome-wide interrogation of ERα has become feasible and affordable with unprecedented data quality and richness. These studies have revealed numerous additional biological insights into ERα behavior in cell lines and especially in clinical specimens. Therefore, what have we actually learned during this first decade of cistromics in breast cancer and where may future developments in the field take us?
High-fat diets exaggerate endocrine and metabolic phenotypes in a rat model of DHEA-induced PCOS
Authors: Zhang Haolin , Yi Ming , Zhang Yan , Jin Hongyan , Zhang Wenxin , Yang Jingjing , Yan Liying , Li Rong , Zhao Yue , Qiao Jie
Published: February 2016

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder with unclear etiology and unsatisfactory management. Effects of diets on the phenotype of PCOS were not fully understood. In the present study, we applied 45 and 60% high-fat diets (HFDs) on a rat model of PCOS induced by postnatal DHEA injection. We found that both DHEA and DHEA+HFDs rats exhibited reproductive abnormalities, including hyperandrogenism, irregular cycles and polycystic ovaries. The addition of HFDs, especially 60% HFDs, exaggerated morphological changes of ovaries and a number of metabolic changes, including increased body weight and body fat content, impaired glucose tolerance and increased serum insulin levels. Results from qPCR showed that DHEA-induced increased expression of hypothalamic androgen receptor and LH receptor were reversed by the addition of 60% HFDs. In contrast, the ovarian expression of LH receptor and insulin receptor mRNA was upregulated only with the addition of 60% HFDs. These findings indicated that DHEA and DHEA+HFDs might influence PCOS phenotypes through distinct mechanisms: DHEA affects the normal function of hypothalamus–pituitary–ovarian axis through LH, whereas the addition of HFDs exaggerated endocrine and metabolic dysfunction through ovarian responses to insulin-related mechanisms. We concluded that the addition of HFDs yielded distinct phenotypes of DHEA-induced PCOS and could be used for studies on both reproductive and metabolic features of the syndrome.
Evidence for a PGF2α auto-amplification system in the endometrium in mares
Authors: Kozai Keisuke , Tokuyama Shota , Szóstek Anna Z , Toishi Yuko , Tsunoda Nobuo , Taya Kazuyoshi , Sakatani Miki , Takahashi Masashi , Nambo Yasuo , Skarzynski Dariusz J , Yamamoto Yuki , Kimura Koji , Okuda Kiyoshi
Published: February 2016

In mares, prostaglandin F2α(PGF2α) secreted from the endometrium is a major luteolysin. Some domestic animals have an auto-amplification system in which PGF2αcan stimulate its own production. Here, we investigated whether this is also the case in mares. In anin vivostudy, mares at the mid-luteal phase (days 6–8 of estrous cycle) were injected i.m. with cloprostenol (250 µg) and blood samples were collected at fixed intervals until 72 h after treatment. Progesterone (P4) concentrations started decreasing 45 min after the injection and continued to decrease up to 24 h (P < 0.05). In turn, 13,14-dihydro-15-keto-PGF2α(PGFM) metabolite started to increase 4h after an injection and continued to increase up to 72 h (P < 0.05). PGF receptor (PTGFR) mRNA expression in the endometrium was significantly higher in the late luteal phase than in the early and regressed luteal phases (P < 0.05).In vitro, PGF2αsignificantly stimulated (P < 0.05) PGF2αproduction by endometrial tissues and endometrial epithelial and stromal cells and significantly increased (P < 0.05) the mRNA expression of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 (PTGS2), an enzyme involved in PGF2αsynthesis in endometrial cell. These findings strongly suggest the existence of an endometrial PGF2αauto-amplification system in mares.
N-Acetyl Cysteine Therapy Does Not Prevent Renal Failure in High-Risk Patients Undergoing Open-Heart Surgery
Authors: Rababa’h Abeer M , Deo Salil V. , Altarabsheh Salah E. , De Caro Jessica , Tarboush Nafez Abu , Alzoubi Karem H. , Ababneh Mera , McConnell Bradley K. , Markowitz Alan H. , Park Soon J.
Published: February 2016

Background: Renal dysfunction is a common complication after cardiovascular surgery. Controversial issues have been discussed regarding the role of N-acetyl cysteine in the prevention of postoperative renal dysfunction. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to assess whether N-acetyl cysteine offers any protection against the development of acute renal dysfunction after cardiac surgery.
Methods: Multiple databases were searched for randomized trials comparing the role of N-acetyl cysteine and placebo in human patients undergoing cardiac surgery. End-points studied were: the incidence of acute renal failure, hemodialysis, early mortality, duration of hospital stay, and maximal change in creatinine values. Dichotomous variables were compared using the risk difference (RD) calculated with inverse weighting; continuous data was pooled as (standardized) mean difference. Results are presented with 95% confidence interval (P < .05 is significant); results are presented within 95% confidence interval.
Results: Thirteen randomized trials (713 and 707 patients in the N-acetyl cysteine and control groups, respectively) were included in the present analysis; nine dealing with patients at high-risk for acute renal failure. The incidence of postoperative acute renal dysfunction was 23% and 36% in the N-acetyl cysteine and control cohorts, respectively. N-acetyl cysteine therapy did not reduce acute renal dysfunction in the high-risk cohort [RD -0.03 (-0.09 to 0.02); P = .22; I2 = 24%]. Maximal change in creatinine levels after surgery was also comparable [standardized mean difference 0.07 (-0.23, 0.09); P = .39]. Early mortality was 2.9% and 3.7% in the N-acetyl cysteine and control cohorts respectively; [RD 0 (-0.03 to 0.02); P = .63; I2 = 20%]. Hospital stay (mean length of stay 10.4 and 10.1 days in the N-acetyl cysteine and control cohorts, respectively) was also similar in both cohorts [WMD 0.17 (-0.02 to 0.37) days; P = .81].
Conclusion: Prophylactic N-acetyl cysteine therapy does not reduce the incidence of renal dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.
Health Care Use During Transfer to Adult Care Among Youth With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Cohen Eyal , Gandhi Sima , Toulany Alene , Moore Charlotte , Fu Longdi , Orkin Julia , Levy Deborah , Stephenson Anne L. , Guttmann Astrid
Published: February 2016

OBJECTIVE:

To compare health care use and costs for youth with chronic health conditions before and after transfer from pediatric to adult health care services.

METHODS:

Youth born in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 1989, and April 1, 1993, were assigned to 11 mutually exclusive, hierarchically arranged clinical groupings, including “complex” chronic conditions (CCCs), non-complex chronic conditions (N-CCCs), and chronic mental health conditions (CMHCs). Outcomes were compared between 2-year periods before and after transfer of pediatric services, the subjects’ 18th birthday.

RESULTS:

Among 104 497 youth, mortality was highest in those with CCCs, but did not increase after transfer (1.3% vs 1.5%, P = .55). Costs were highest among youth with CCCs and decreased after transfer (before and after median [interquartile range]: $4626 [1253–21 435] vs $3733 [950–16 841], P < .001);Costs increased slightly for N-CCCs ($569 [263–1246] vs $589 [262–1333], P < .001), and decreased for CMHCs ($1774 [659–5977] vs $1545 [529–5128], P < .001). Emergency department visits increased only among youth with N-CCCs (P < .001). High-acuity emergency department visits increased CCCs (P = .04) and N-CCCs (P < .001), but not for CMHC (P = .59), who had the highest visit rate. Among the 11 individual conditions, costs only increased in youth with asthma (P < .001), and decreased (P < .05) in those with neurologic impairment, lupus, inflammatory bowel disease, and mood/affective disorders.

CONCLUSIONS:

Pediatric transfer to adult care is characterized by relatively stable short-term patterns of health service use and costs among youth with chronic conditions.
Determinants of Health and Pediatric Primary Care Practices
Authors: Beck Andrew F. , Tschudy Megan M. , Coker Tumaini R. , Mistry Kamila B. , Cox Joanne E. , Gitterman Benjamin A. , Chamberlain Lisa J. , Grace Aimee M. , Hole Michael K. , Klass Perri E. , Lobach Katherine S. , Ma Christine T. , Navsaria Dipesh , Northrip Kimberly D. , Sadof Matthew D. , Shah Anita N. , Fierman Arthur H.
Published: February 2016

More than 20% of children nationally live in poverty. Pediatric primary care practices are critical points-of-contact for these patients and their families. Practices must consider risks that are rooted in poverty as they determine how to best deliver family-centered care and move toward action on the social determinants of health. The Practice-Level Care Delivery Subgroup of the Academic Pediatric Association’s Task Force on Poverty has developed a roadmap for pediatric providers and practices to use as they adopt clinical practice redesign strategies aimed at mitigating poverty’s negative impact on child health and well-being. The present article describes how care structures and processes can be altered in ways that align with the needs of families living in poverty. Attention is paid to both facilitators of and barriers to successful redesign strategies. We also illustrate how such a roadmap can be adapted by practices depending on the degree of patient need and the availability of practice resources devoted to intervening on the social determinants of health. In addition, ways in which practices can advocate for families in their communities and nationally are identified. Finally, given the relative dearth of evidence for many poverty-focused interventions in primary care, areas that would benefit from more in-depth study are considered. Such a focus is especially relevant as practices consider how they can best help families mitigate the impact of poverty-related risks in ways that promote long-term health and well-being for children.
Successfulness of general and special physical qualities’ development on different stage of students-boxers’ training
Authors: Gaskov A.V. , Kuzmin A. V. , Kudryavtsev D. M. , Iermakov S. S.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: to study indicators of general and special physical condition on different stages of macro-cycle training. Material: in testing qualified boxers - 28 sportsmen - participated. Characteristics of general and special fitness were registered. Results: it was found that structure of general and special physical qualities can be described by 9 factors, explaining about 80% of total sample variance. It was also determined that factorial structure of general and special physical fitness indicators does not change depending on stages of trainings. At every of the tested stages the marked out factors do not depend on each other. These factors are separate necessary sides of training. It was found that on general preparation stage of training these factors characterize sides of fitness: effectiveness of punches of strong and weak arms; special speed and power endurance; general endurance and strength of muscles (hands’ flexors); specific sensor-motor reaction; condition of upper girdle muscles; general speed and power endurance; speed of punch movement. Conclusions: when distributing training means and loads it is necessary to uniformly doze correlation of means for all marked out factors. It ensures growth of boxers’ spots results.
Influence of information technologies on technical fitness of students in sport-oriented physical education
Authors: Kozina Zh.L. , Ol'khovyj O.M. , Temchenko V.A.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: to determine influence of information technologies in sport-oriented physical education on technical fitness of students, practicing football indoors. Material: in the researches students (boys - n=40) of 18-20 years’ age participated. Standard tests on physical condition were used. For determination of motor skills and abilities we used: juggling with ball; kick in pre-set sector of goal; shuttle run 4 x 10 meters with dribbling; kick for distance. Results: structural model of sport-oriented students’ physical education with application of information technologies has been formed. In the model all students are trained in sport-oriented academic groups by chosen kinds of sports (motor functioning). Such approach envisages holistic form of program material construction and unified algorithm of students’ progress assessment. Conclusions: the wholeness of sport-oriented physical education’s functioning is ensured at the account of application of information technologies. It permits to optimize motor skills’ training process. In this case single form of building of program material is created.
ECHNOLOGICAL PROVISIONING OF TEST CONTROL OF SPECIAL HEALTH GROUP STUDENTS’ POWER ABILITIES
Authors: Koryahin V.M. , Blavt O. Z.
Published: February 2016

Purpose: to substantiate and realize modern electronic technological means for perfection of test control of students’ power abilities in special health groups. Material: materials of students’ test control have been used in the research. Results: we have developed electronic system for test monitoring of students’ power abilities. Besides, we showed possibilities of innovative automated methodic application for test monitoring of students’ power abilities. Strict regulation of monitoring significantly decreases dispersion of error and raises reliability of test. The mentioned monitoring system removes dependence of result on teacher’s subjective perception of information. Conclusions: Implementation of the offered system of monitoring of students’ power abilities’ functional state ensures promptness of confident testing results’ reception. It will facilitate effectiveness of control in students’ physical education.
Acquisition of family farm foods for school meals: Analysis of public procurements within rural family farming published by the cities of São Paulo state
Authors: AMORIM Ana Laura Benevenuto de , ROSSO Veridiana Vera de , BANDONI Daniel Henrique
Published: February 2016

Objective: To assess the food profile in the public procurement within rural family farming for the acquisition of family farm foods for the National School Feeding Program in the cities of São Paulo state, Brazil. Methods: A total of 122 public procurement within rural family farming published electronically by 99 cities from January to September of 2013 were analyzed. The foods were classified in the following groups: grains; roots and tubers; legumes; meat; fish; vegetables; fruits; processed foods; ingredients; and milk. The cities were grouped into quartiles according to the number of elementary school students. The foods listed in the public procurement within rural family farming were then assessed according to city size. The Kruskal-Wallis test verified the difference between the number of foods in each group and in each quartile (p<0.05). Results: Of all the foods, the most common groups in the public procurement within rural family farming were the vegetable and fruit groups, representing 50 and 31%, respectively. The number of foods in the groups of grains, legumes, and milk in the public procurement within rural family farming increased with the number of students. On the other hand, cities with fewer students acquired more foods from the fruit group, resulting in differences between the quartiles (p<0.05). The group of processed foods was requested by 41% of the cities. Conclusion: Fresh foods were the most common types of foods in the public procurement within rural family farming, demonstrating that the acquisition of family farm products can contribute to school meal quality.
Estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para promover o trabalho em equipe em um serviço de emergência
Authors: Santos José Luís Guedes dos , Lima Maria Alice Dias da Silva , Pestana Aline Lima , Colomé Isabel Cristina dos Santos , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini
Published: February 2016

RESUMO Objetivo analisar as estratégias utilizadas por enfermeiros para promover o trabalho em equipe em um serviço de emergência. Método pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso realizada com 20 enfermeiros do Serviço de Emergência de um Hospital Universitário da região Sul do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados entre junho e setembro de 2009 por meio de observação participante e entrevista semiestruturada e analisados pela técnica de análise temática. Resultados as estratégias utilizadas pelos enfermeiros para promover o trabalho em equipe foram: articulação das ações profissionais; estabelecimento de relações de cooperação; construção e manutenção de vínculos amistosos; e gerenciamento de conflitos. Conclusão o enfermeiro destaca-se por estabelecer conexões entre as ações realizadas pela equipe de saúde e mediar as relações entre os profissionais, visando ao desenvolvimento de melhores práticas assistenciais.
Improvement of Noble Metal Based Photocatalysts by Spray Pyrolysis Processes
Authors: Pelletier Frédéric , Thiébaut Bénédicte
Published: February 2016

Oxidation technologies and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been regarded as a competitive method for the remediation of persistent pollutants in water. Among AOPs, the use of photocatalysis has particularly attracted interest in recent decades. However, attempts to improve the efficiency of photocatalysts in terms of both enhanced activity and applicability under visible light have proved challenging. In this context, there is a need for processes able to achieve the synthesis of innovative nanostructured materials meeting these criteria with reproducibility and scalability in mind. The aim of this review is to focus on two themes of interest, namely noble metal based catalysts and spray pyrolysis (SP) processes. Several alternative SP methods have been reported and these will be described. The emphasis is placed on the recent use of SP for the synthesis of noble metal/semiconductor nanomaterials and their enhanced photocatalytic activity. Recent innovations in the design of SP processes and their potential to further improve noble metal-based photocatalysts are also examined. Finally, the possibility of using SP processes as a flexible tool to achieve immobilisation of photocatalysts onto substrates and in reactor for real water treatment application is considered.
12th International Conference on Materials Chemistry
Authors: Harriman Anthony
Published: February 2016

Materials chemistry is concerned with establishing connections between structure, properties, processability and performance of molecular materials, including organic compounds and polymers, supramolecular architectures and nanoporous substances. Encompassed within this diverse field are molecular magnets, graphene, optoelectronic devices, artificial photosynthesis, chemical sensors, speciality polymers, fluorescent labels, functional membranes, composite conjugated hybrids and molecular sieves. The field relies heavily on sophisticated organic synthesis but readily embraces computational chemistry in order to delve more deeply into the properties of the materials. The topic provides an important interface between atomic, molecular and supramolecular behaviour and the functions of the substance under examination. All manner of molecular materials are considered, ranging from thin films to organogels to solids with microscopic cavities. The 12th International Conference on Materials Chemistry was held between 20th–23rd July 2015 at the University of York, UK, and covered the full range of topics, with six plenary lectures supported by twenty-four keynote lectures and over a hundred invited or contributed talks (). In addition, some 370 posters were presented. The conference was co-chaired by Duncan Bruce (University of York) and Dermot O'Hare (University of Oxford, UK).
A study on sutijal (purse net) in the Chalan Beel
Authors: Sultana Nahid , Islam M Nazrul
Published: February 2016

The present study on fishing technique using sutijal (purse net) in the Chalan Beel was conducted for a period of 3 years from July 2011 to June 2014. Net description, operation details and catch composition were studied through field survey in different parts of studied wetland. Three different categories of sutijal were recorded. Catch composition revealed that all types of aquatic organisms are being caught by this net. Benefit-cost ratio of studied fishing net was also calculated. Frequent fishing by this net, especially in streams of remote areas of the Chalan Beel resulting in decline of fish species and abundance. Appropriate management steps are recommended to get rid of this destructive fishing gear.
Ações de trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial: perspectiva da fenomenologia social
Authors: Nasi Cíntia , Tocantins Florence Romijn , Camatta Marcio Wagner , Schneider Jacó Fernando
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Compreender o significado das ações de trabalhadores de um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS). Método: estudo qualitativo, com a utilização do referencial da fenomenologia social de Alfred Schutz, realizado em um CAPS na região oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. Foram feitas entrevistas com 14 trabalhadores do serviço. Resultados: Os trabalhadores possuem a intenção de que os usuários obtenham melhoras em seu tratamento; buscam promover a autonomia, a qualidade de vida e a reinserção social dos usuários; e esperam por melhorias na administração pública municipal para oferecer um atendimento com condições adequadas aos usuários. Conclusão: O estudo deu visibilidade às ações dos trabalhadores em seu cotidiano, possibilitando envolvê-los nas reflexões sobre a maneira com que o serviço está estruturado, para que construam novas possibilidades de qualificar suas ações.
Síndrome da fragilidade e risco para quedas em idosos: um estudo descritivo
Authors: Sousa Jacy Aurelia Vieira de , Chuertniek Juliana Andrade , Grden Clóris Regina Blanski , Barreto Maynara Fernanda Carvalho , Reche Péricles Martim
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: analisar a relação entre a Síndrome da Fragilidade e o risco de quedas em idosos de uma Universidade Aberta à Terceira Idade (UATI). Método: pesquisa transversal com 100 idosos de uma UATI do sul do Brasil, de outubro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, com aplicação de questionário sociodemográfico e clínico, Escala de fragilidade e Escore de risco para quedas. Resultados: Houve predomínio de idosos não frágeis (81%) e sem risco para quedas (52%). Daqueles com algum nível de fragilidade, os aparentemente vulneráveis apresentaram mais risco para quedas (12%). Houve significância estatística entre risco para quedas e a síndrome de fragilidade. Discussão: A associação identificada nesse estudo destaca a importancia de investigações que abordem a temática nos diversos contextos de assistência ao idoso. Conclusão: A participação de idosos em programas educativos é fundamental para a prevenção de eventos adversos a saúde e manutenção da independência e qualidade de vida.
Fatores associados aos impedimentos para a amamentação precoce: estudo descritivo
Authors: Antunes Marcos Benatti , Carvalho Graziela Formaggi Lara , Pelloso Sandra Marisa , Higarashi Ieda Harumi , Ichisato Sueli Mutsumi Tsukuda
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: verificar se o quarto dos “dez passos para o sucesso do aleitamento materno” é realizado em um hospital da região noroeste do Paraná. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo, de abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 40 gestantes em trabalho de parto no período de julho a outubro de 2013. Utilizou-se um questionário semiestruturado aliado à observação não participante. Para análise dos dados aplicou-se o teste qui-quadrado com correção de Yates. Resultados: identificou-se número elevado de cesáreas (33) e em relação ao contato mãe-bebê na primeira hora de vida, 39 mães tiveram contato visual, 32 contato físico e apenas duas amamentaram na primeira hora. Discussão: evidenciaram-se alguns fatores que impediram a amamentação precoce e não efetivação do quarto passo. Conclusão: os impedimentos foram a prevalência do parto cesáreo, o encaminhamento do bebê após o parto ao berçário e o distanciamento das rotinas hospitalares do modelo proposto pela Iniciativa Hospital Amigo da Criança.
Cuidado de enfermagem e o sono de lactentes: estudo exploratório e descritivo
Authors: Rodrigues Sofia Esmeraldo , Viana Tamires Rebeca Forte , Martins Mariana Cavalcante , Cardoso Maria Vera Lúcia Moreira Leitão
Published: February 2016

Objetivos:Elaborar plano de cuidado para crianças entre 12 e 18 meses com padrão de sono alterado. Estudo tipo exploratório e descritivo, realizado em duas instituições públicas, em Fortaleza e em locais públicos. Método: Amostra constitui-se de 128 sujeitos, 64 crianças e 64 cuidadores. Instrumento de caracterização sociodemográfica e Infant Sleep Questionnaire adaptado à versão brasileira foram utilizados. O projeto aprovado segundo resolução 466, parecer N. 443.473, CAAE 23083313.9.0000.5054. Resultados: Pelas alterações mais frequentes identificadas pelos cuidadores, de acordo com o questionário e com base em literatura científica, elaborou-se o plano de cuidados. Conforme metodologia proposta por Swearingen (2012). Conclusão: Ressalta-se a importância de aplicação do plano como ferramenta do cuidado de enfermagem, no intuito de promover bem-estar e cuidado de qualidade do paciente, no que diz respeito ao sono infantil.