bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition Markers in Breast Carcinoma and its Association with Histopathological Grading, Size and Metastasis
Authors: Nobin Hage , Arif Sayeedul Hasan , Anees Afzal , Khalid Mohd
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Carcinoma breast is the most common malignancy affecting women worldwide. Early detection is key to its effective management. Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) has implications in progression of breast carcinoma and metastasis. Aim: To assess use of EMT Immunohistochemical (IHC) markers in breast carcinoma. Materials and Methods: This is a hospital-based descriptive study and was carried on patients of breast carcinoma attending the Outpatient Department of Surgery, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh, Uttar Pradesh, India, from July 2011 to October 2013. Histopathological examination of 67 mastectomy specimen was done and graded using Scarff-Bloom-Richardson (SBR) grading system. Lymph nodes found were screened for metastasis. Subsequently IHC study with cytokeratin 5/6 and vimentin were done to assess EMT. Statistical analysis was done using Chi-square or Fisher’s exact test on Statistical Package for Social Sciences software (SPSS) version 15.0 USA. Results: Using SBR grading system, 11 (16.4%) cases were of grade I, 34 (50.7%) cases of grade II and 22 cases were of grade III (32.8%). Out of total, 27.3% (3/11) of grade I, 67.6% (23/34) of grade II and 90.9% (20/22) of grade III tumor were found to have metastasis. Positivity for cytokeratin 5/6 and vimentin were 27.3%(3/11) and 63.6% (7/11) respectively in grade I tumours. Grade II tumours showed 5.9% (2/34) positivity for cytokeratin 5/6 and 82.4% (28/34) for vimentin. Positivity for cytokeratin 5/6 was 0 and 95.5% (21/22) for vimentin in grade III tumors. Conclusion: Increase in metastasis was seen with progression of grade. Down regulation of cytokeratin5/6 and up-regulation of vimentin was observed as the grade of tumour increased. Cytokeratin 5/6 and vimentin may be used to assess EMT which in turn shows higher chances of metastasis.
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Congolese Non-Edible Afzelia bella Seeds Oil
Authors: Mulula A. , Manoka Thierno N. , Bayindu E. B. , Bouzina A. D.
Published: September 2022

As the oils used for biodiesel production face food competition, many scientific research is now focusing on the upgrading of non-conventional oils, which are not edibles. This study consisted in revalorizing of Congolese nonedible Afzelia bella seeds oil as raw materials for the biodiesel production. Afzelia bella seeds oil was extracted with oil yield of 26.38±0.22% and subsequently transesterified by alkali-catalyst using methanol with KOH as catalyst. The maximum yield of the obtained Diacetylenic Light Fuel Oil was 96.53% and FTIR spectroscopy showed the presence of fatty acid methyl esters in the produced biodiesel. The FTIR spectrum of Diacetylenic Light Fuel Oil revealed the following characteristics functional groups: Carbonyl group stretching (C=O), Methyl asymmetric bending (CH3) and Methoxy group stretching (O-CH3) with the peaks at 1743.94, 1436.11 and 1197.38 cm-1, respectively. Physicochemical properties (Kinematic viscosity, density, flash point, Cetane number, cloud point, pour point, water contents, ash and sulfur contents) values of Biodiesel (B100), and biodiesel blend in Gasoil (B50 and B20), were within the range of values set by the international standards specifications of diesel and biodiesel (American Society of Testing Materials and European Standard). Thus, these three produced biodiesels (B100, B50 and B20) from the Congolese Afzelia bella seeds oil could be used as a substitute for diesel without damaging the engine.
Economics of Jasmine (Jasminum sambac L.) Production Influenced By Split Application of Fertilizers
Authors: Mangroliya R. M. , Bhatt S. T. , Patel J. J. , Desai Y. G. , Patel N. A.
Published: September 2022

As a major commercial sector of agriculture, floriculture has emerged. One of the most often used types of jasmine that is grown commercially in India is Jasminum sambac. Time and rate of fertilizers applications can be a part of a successful, economical, and eco-friendly nutrient management plan. Given the aforementioned information, the current experiment was conducted with the aim of determining the impacts of split N, P, and K fertilizer application on the economics of jasmine (Jasminum sambac) production. The experiment was depicted under Randomized Block Designed with five replications and five treatments i.e. 50%N+100%P+100%K at last week of December and 50%N in last week of June (T1), 50%N+75%P+75%K in last week of December + 25%N+25%K in last week of March + 25%N+25%P in last week of June (T2), 50%N+50%P+50%K in last week of December + 25%N+25%P+25%K in last week of March + 25%N+25%P+25%K in last week of June (T3), 50%N+50%P+50%K in last week of December + 25%N in last week of March + 25%N+50%K+50%P in last week of June (T4) and 50%N+50%P+50%K in last week of December + 25%N+50%P+50%K in last week of March + 25%N in last week of June (T5) at Navsari Agricultural University, Gujarat, India on Jasminum sambac variety Baramasi during the year 2018-19. The highest net returns (Rs. 4,11,729/ha) and Benefit cost ratio (2.71) and were recorded with the application of (T3). The application of application of RDF (120:240:120 kg/ha) in three splits (application of 50%N+50%P+50%K in last week of December + 25%N+25%P+25%K in last week of March + 25%N+25%K+25%P in last week of June) increased yield with highest net return and BCR and therefore, was economically deduced best for the production of Jasminum sambac.
Determination of Genetic Divergence Pattern of White Fly Resistant Cotton Cultivars by Using Microsatellite
Authors: Hussain Syed Bilal , Yousaf Tayyaba , Zubair Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Cotton is considered a cash crop in the agriculture sector, and whitefly infestation is one of the cotton crop's significant biotic stresses. This study aimed to identify whitefly Bemisia tabaci resistant cotton varieties that can be incorporated into a cotton breeding program to improve the cotton crop's quality, yield, and growth. In this study, we used 10 Microsatellite (SSR) markers for genetic diversity assessment among 50 genotypes of G. hirsutum. 58 loci were found by applying the NAU and BNL series primers. A maximum number of loci, eight, were amplified by SSR markers NAU-883, NAU-2714, and BNL-827, respectively. SSR marker JESPER-101 amplified a minimum number of the loci,i.e., 2. The PIC count ranged from 0.7215 to 0.8828, with a mean value of 0.4034. NAU 2161 displayed a maximum polymorphism value of 0.8828 and BNL 1672 showed a minimum polymorphism value of 0.4034. Cluster analysis grouped the 50 genotypes into four clusters. Cluster A holds 30 varieties. Cluster B includes 11 varieties. Cluster C had six varieties, and cluster D had 3. Genetic diversity is maximum in varieties NS-161, VH-307, and AGC-555, as they are located at the most significant distance in clusters. The SSR genetic profile for every cultivar made it conceivable to separate a few cultivars.

To conclude, this investigation of the genetic divergence of cotton cultivars with SSR markers supports the need to bring new alleles into the genetic pool of the cultivars. It can help in assessing the best whitefly-resistant cotton variety. The information generated from diversity analysis studies will help in future breeding plans for improving the hereditary variety of cotton cultivars to fulfill the need for cotton development for various purposes.
Potential Use of Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala Lam.) As Fish Feed Ingredient: A Mini-review
Authors: Haetami Kiki , Abun . , Shafa Bellarisa Rahma
Published: September 2022

Aims: This article aims examines the effect of giving Ipil-Ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) in feed on the growth of various types of fish and the nutritional content of Ipil-Ipil.

The method used in this literature study is to review several research articles on the use of Ipil-Ipil on fish growth, and the nutritional content of various parts plant.

The utilization of Ipil-ipil raw materials for fish is limited by the present of some antinutrient substances such as phytic acid, mimosine, tannins, as well as a fairly the high content of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) of 39.5% and acid detergent fiber (ADF) of 35.10%. Studies evaluating the nutritional quality of Leucaena as a fish feed ingredient gave varying results. There are significant differences with using Leucaena leucocephala as a substitute food for fish feed. It shows an increase in performance from the point of view of a certain growth rate, weight gain and feed conversion ratio. However, not all dietary experiments are affected for fish growth due to the processing techniques applied that involve soaking and drying the leaves thus reducing the antinutrients in Leucaena leaf meal which are mostly mimosine.

Conclusion: The leaves of Leucaena leucocephala have the potential to make considerable contributions to feeding of the Africa catfish as this study demonstrate the it’s suitability at 20% level of inclusion without any negative effects on the growth.
Distribution, Biology and Ontogeny of Indian River Shad (Tenualosa ilisha)
Authors: Riar Md. Golam Sajed , Raushon Nur-A- , Amin S. M. Nurul , Arshad Aziz , Mahmud Yahia
Published: September 2022

The distribution, biology and ontogenic development of the Indian River Shad (Tenualosa ilisha) compared with some other fishes compile in this review. The distribution in the inland waters of Bangladesh, stock/race, movement and migration pattern, size and sex ratio, age of reproduction, maturity and fecundity and ontogenic development of the mouth, digestive tract and accessory gland of T. ilisha discussed in this article. The life cycle of a fish starts after fertilization, but the mouth and digestive tract development start after hatching. Yolk sac larvae (3.83 ± 0.57 mm SL), pre flexion larvae (8.07 ± 1.83 mm SL), flexion larvae (11.50 ± 1.55 mm SL), post flexion larvae (14.72 ± 1.70 mm SL), and juvenile (18.75 ± 3.02 mm SL) were separated into five groups based on morphological characteristics. At the yolk sac stage, the mouth was closed, however at the pre-flexion stage, the larval mouth gape varied between 177 ± 25 and 367 ± 47 µm. The ranges were 241 ± 31 and 497 ± 59 µm, for the flexion stage, 307 ± 38 and 621 ± 74 µm for the post-flexion stage, and 393 ± 61 and 788 ± 119 µm for the early juvenile stage. Development of the digestive tract is complete at the juvenile stage of this species.
Responding to the Reality: Emerging Roles of Open Access Institutional Repositories and their Challenges in the Technical Universities of Ghana
Authors: Fynn Paapa Kwamina , Banji George Tesilimi
Published: September 2022

This paper discussed open access (OA) as an academic journal that is accessible online to readers without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet. The paper has also identified that in recent times where libraries are struggling to get e-resources to support teaching, learning, and research, harvesting the institutions’ artifacts and research work has become the ‘saviour’ that Technical Universities in Ghana must embrace. In addition, the paper discusses the benefits of institutional repositories, as well as the challenges institutions such as Technical Universities face in the use of these resources in Ghana. The paper further suggests some steps academic libraries in Ghana could adopt in building effective institutional repositories.
A Study under Sodic Soil Condition for Estimation of Correlation and Path Coefficient Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield and Its Component Traits
Authors: Sharma Poonam , Vimal S. C. , Jha Neha , Debnath Ashim
Published: September 2022

Effective selection necessitates knowledge of the nature and extent of population variation, character correlation with yield among individuals, and effect of environment on the assertion of these traits. Under timely seeded and irrigated conditions in sodic soil, this study used Augmented Block Design (ABD) to investigate correlations and path coefficients between yield and yield components in 85 germplasms, including four checks (Pusa sungandha-4, NDR-2065, sarjoo-52, Narendra usar-3). The correlation coefficient expresses the relationship between two variables, but it contains no information regarding cause and effect, such as which variable is dependent and which is independent. As a result, path-coefficient analysis must be utilized to examine the direct and indirect impact of numerous independent characters on a dependent character. The GYPP exhibited highly significant and positive correlations with BYPP and HI. When the genotypic correlation was assigned, it was discovered that characters like BYPP and HI had a positive direct impact on GYPP whereas characters DFF and DM were exhibited negative direct impact on GYPP. The most important indirect yield component was BYPP. As a result, these traits should be emphasized and further evaluated as a selection criterion for future rice improvement programmes in sodic soil.
Phases and Natural History of Sjögren's Disease: A New Model for an Old Disease?
Authors: Lee Adrian Y. S. , Wang Jing Jing , Gordon Tom P. , Reed Joanne H.
Published: September 2022

Sjögren's disease (SjD) is an archetypal and heterogenous autoimmune disorder that is characterized by exocrine glandular dysfunction. A proportion of patients develop severe extraglandular manifestations, such as cryoglobulinemia, and have an increased risk of lymphoma, both of which can adversely affect quality of life and occasionally mortality. As with most autoimmune disorders, the pathogenesis is poorly understood and difficult to predict, and, frustratingly, there is a lack of targeted therapies to cure this disease. We review the disease manifestations of SjD and propose a staged model for understanding the evolution of pathology. In longitudinal studies, most patients remain relatively stable in terms of their laboratory and clinical parameters. However, in the setting of various risk factors, a proportion of patients develop severe symptoms and/or lymphoma. We discuss potential underlying mechanisms for disease progression and the strengths and limitations of using a staged model to correlate the pathogenesis and spectrum of manifestations in SjD. Ultimately, understanding how and why some patients remain relatively stable, whereas others progress and develop florid systemic disease and a fraction develop lymphoma, is key to developing preventative and therapeutic treatments.
A Ga Doped NiTiO3 Photocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting under Visible Light Illumination
Authors: Wang Long , Kong Yuehua , Fang Yuanxing , Cai Pingru , Lin Wei , Wang Xinchen
Published: September 2022

Photocatalytic overall water splitting (OWS) is an appealing strategy to convert solar energy and produce hydrogen fuel. NiTiO3 (NTO) is an earth‐abundant material, which is studied as a robust photocatalyst with broad absorptance of sunlight spectrum, ranging from ultraviolet to infrared regions. Herein, by a rational design of an NTO‐based photocatalytic system, the activity for photocatalytic OWS is realized under both ultraviolet and visible light illuminations, and H2 and O2 evolution is achieved within the stoichiometric ratio of 2:1. Specifically, Gallium is doped into the NTO crystal to activate the material for photocatalytic OWS by improving photoexcited charge migration. Meanwhile, Co and Pt species are screened out as the oxygen evolution and hydrogen evolution co‐catalysts, respectively. Theoretical stimulations, steady state experiments, and operando characterizations are acquired to investigate the OWS performance. This research paves the pathway to apply this small‐bandgap photocatalyst for OWS by maximizing the solar energy harvesting.
Simultaneously Enhancing Direct‐Current Density and Lifetime of Tribovotaic Nanogenerator via Interface Lubrication
Authors: Qiao Wenyan , Zhao Zhihao , Zhou Linglin , Liu Di , Li Shaoxin , Yang Peiyuan , Li Xinyuan , Liu Jiaqi , Wang Jie , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2022

Tribovoltaic nanogenerators (TVNGs) present great properties such as high direct‐current density and continuous output performance, which has great potential to solve the power supply problem for miniaturized electronic devices. However, the severe wear problem of TVNG causes rapid attenuation of current density, which is difficult to realize long‐term operation with high output. In this work, an effective strategy via interface lubrication is proposed to enhance the direct‐current density and lifetime of TVNGs simultaneously. The water‐based graphene oxide solution is utilized as a lubricant, which can increase the sliding surface carriers to enhance current density, and reduce the wear between the copper and the silicon wafer surface due to its excellent lubrication performance. Hence, the TVNG can generate peak current density output ≈775 mA m−2, accompanied with 31 mC m−2 transfer charges density. The TVNG via interface lubrication can maintain high current output after 30 000 cycles. In addition, it can combine with triboelectric nanogenerator to constitute a dual‐type signal sensor, which can be used to monitor bridge vibration and goods’ weight. This study provides an effective method to solve the wear problem of TVNG and improve direct‐current density simultaneously, which will accelerate the practical application of TVNGs in the future.
Unveiling Charge Transport and Degradation Mechanisms of Aqueous Zn|α‐MoO3 Batteries in Conventional Concentration and Water‐in‐Salt Electrolytes: A Multi‐Modal In Situ and Operando Study
Authors: Dunkin Mikaela R. , Kuang Jason , Yan Shan , King Steven T. , Housel Lisa M. , Ma Lu , Ehrlich Steven N. , Okasinski John S. , Takeuchi Kenneth J. , Takeuchi Esther S. , Marschilok Amy C. , Wang Lei
Published: September 2022

Herein charge storage and transport properties are elucidated and cell degradation mechanisms of rechargeable aqueous Zn|α‐MoO3 batteries in three electrolyte systems (3 m ZnSO4, 3 m ZnCl2, and 30 m ZnCl2 [12.5 m] water‐in‐salt (WIS)) are distinguished by a combination of in situ X‐ray diffraction (XRD), in situ X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), operando optoelectrochemistry, and operando energy dispersive X‐ray diffraction (EDXRD). In conventional concentration 3 m electrolytes, in situ XRD and XAS, as well as ex situ scanning transmission electron microscopy data collectively support Zn2+ as the primary charge carrier. In addition, these systems are susceptible to cathode dissolution, Zn corrosion coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction, and the resultant formation of basic zinc salt phases. The multi‐modal in situ and operando experimental analyses validate facile H+ intercalation and extraction in concentrated 30 m ZnCl2 WIS electrolyte. Via operando EDXRD, reaction front and charge transport limitation during discharge and charge in the viscous WIS electrolyte are spatially tracked. This work provides new insight into the stability and degradation mechanisms of aqueous zinc batteries during static storage and upon dynamic cycling, and highlights the utility of in situ and operando techniques in understanding the superior stability of WIS electrolytes.
The potential for floral evolution in response to competing selection pressures following the loss of hawkmoth pollination in Ruellia humilis
Authors: Heywood John S. , Michalski Joseph S. , McCann Braden K. , Andres Kara J. , Hall Allison R. , Hartman Amber D. , Middleton Tessa C. , Chiles Amelia , Dewey Sarah E. , Miller Cay A.
Published: September 2022

Premise

In the absence of hawkmoth pollinators, chasmogamous (CH) flowers of Ruellia humilis self‐pollinate by two secondary mechanisms. Other floral visitors might exert selection on CH floral traits to restore outcrossing, but at the same time preferential predation of CH seeds generates selection to increase the allocation of resources to cleistogamous (CL) flowers.

Methods

To assess the potential for an evolutionary response to these competing selection pressures, we estimated additive genetic variances () and covariances for 14 reproductive traits and three fitness components in a Missouri population lacking hawkmoth pollinators.

Results

We found significant for all 11 floral traits and two measures of resource allocation to CL flowers, indicating the potential for a short‐term response to selection on most reproductive traits. Selection generated by seed predators is predicted to increase the percentage of CL flowers by 0.24% per generation, and mean stigma–anther separation is predicted to decrease as a correlated response, increasing the fraction of plants that engage in prior selfing. However, the initial response to this selection is opposed by strong directional dominance.

Conclusions

The predicted evolutionary decrease in the number of CH flowers available for potential outcrossing, combined with the apparent preclusion of potential diurnal pollinators by the pollen‐harvesting activities of sweat bees, suggest that 100% cleistogamy is the likely outcome of evolution in the absence of hawkmoths. However, rare mutations with large effects, such as delaying budbreak until after sunrise, could provide pathways for the restoration of outcrossing that are not reachable by gradual quantitative‐genetic evolution.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in an autosomal‐recessive Adams–Oliver syndrome patient with a novel frameshift pathogenic variant in the EOGT gene
Authors: Lukas Meyer‐Landolt , Harald Gaspar , Sanz Javier , Trippel Mafalda , Sabina Gallati , Jochen Rössler
Published: September 2022

Aplasia cutis congenita (ACC) of the scalp and terminal transverse limb defects (TTLD) are the characteristic findings of Adams–Oliver syndrome (AOS). The variable clinical spectrum further includes cardiac, neurologic, renal, and ophthalmological findings. Associated genes in AOS are in the Notch and the CDC42/Rac1 signaling pathways. Both autosomal‐dominant and autosomal‐recessive inheritances have been reported, the latter with pathogenic variants in DOCK6 or EOGT. The EOGT‐associated recessive type of AOS has been postulated to present a more favorable prognosis. We here report a 12‐year‐old girl from a refugee family of Iraq with consanguineous parents. She was born with a severe phenotype of AOS presenting a large ACC of the scalp with an underlying skull defect, which was often infected and inflamed. Afterward, additional ulceration developed. Furthermore, the girl showed microcephaly, TTLD on both hands and feet, and neurological findings: spastic paresis, epilepsy and suspicion of intellectual deficit. Molecular genetic analysis (next‐generation sequencing) revealed a novel frameshift mutation in the EOGT gene in Exon 13 in homozygous constellation: c.1013dupA p.(Asn338Lysfs*24). A biopsy within an ulceration at the scalp ACC showed a cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) with local invasive growth into the dura, the meninges, and the cortex. Treatment including surgical resection and focal irradiation was not curative and the girl deceased 6 months after initial diagnosis. This report on a patient with AOS and an autosomal‐recessive EOGT gene variant dying of a local aggressive cSCC at an ACC lesion shows that close monitoring of ACC is essential.
Pd‐catalyzed Aerobic Cross‐Dehydrogenative Coupling of Catechols with 2‐Oxindoles and Benzofuranones: Reactivity Difference Between Monomer and Dimer
Authors: Sugawara Masumi , Sawamura Miki , Akakabe Mai , Ramadoss Boobalan , Sohtome Yoshihiro , Sodeoka Mikiko
Published: September 2022

Persistent radicals, which are generated from 2‐oxindole or benzofuranone dimers, are useful tools for designing the radical‐based cross‐coupling reaction to provide molecules containing a quaternary carbon. The persistent radical is accessible from both the dimer and monomer; however, the reactivity difference between these substrates for the oxidative cross‐coupling reaction is not fully understood, most likely because of the mechanistic complexity. Here, we present details of an aerobic cross‐dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) reaction using various monomers and catechols. UV‐Vis analysis and mechanistic control experiments showed that the monomer is less reactive than the dimer under aerobic conditions. Our Pd(II)‐BINAP‐μ‐hydroxo complex significantly improved the reactivity of the monomers for the aerobic CDC reaction with catechols, yielding results comparable to those of the corresponding dimer. The procedure, which enables the generation of the persistent radical in situ, is particularly useful when employing the monomer that is not readily converted to the corresponding dimer.
Facile Synthesis of 2‐Methylenebenzothiazoles from Benzothiazole Salts and 4‐Hydroxycoumarins by Ball Milling
Authors: Xu Shengting , Chen Wantao , Yang Xiaotong , Shi Jianyi , Mai Zuyu , Zhu Zhongzhi , Chen Ling , Chen Xiuwen
Published: September 2022

A simple and practical method for the synthesis of 2‐methylenebenzothiazoles via the coupling of a benzothiazole salts and 4‐hydroxycoumarins have been described herein. The reaction showed a good substrate range and functional compatibility under mechanochemical conditions, and proceeded without catalysts or solvents. The 2‐methylenebenzothiazoles products were achieved via the formation of a C=C double bond and exhibited strong luminescence and typical aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties, indicating their potential for use as fluorescent materials.
Where to draw the line? The influence of prior relationship, perpetrator‐target sex and perpetrator motivation on the point at which behavior ‘crosses the line’ and becomes stalking
Authors: Scott Adrian J. , Stathi Sofia , Burniak Victoria
Published: September 2022

The present study examines the influence of prior relationship (intimate, non‐intimate), perpetrator‐target sex (male‐female, female‐male) and perpetrator motivation (romance, upset) on (1) the point at which behavior crosses the line and becomes stalking, and (2) the likelihood of offering five forms of advice to the target (formal support, informal support, protective measures, avoidance measures, threatening action). The study used a 2 × 2 × 2 between‐participants experimental design. Four‐hundred and sixty‐one UK students read one of eight versions of a hypothetical scenario that they were informed may or may not depict a stalking situation. Analyses revealed that 97.8% (n = 451) of participants believed the perpetrator's behavior constituted stalking, and that behavior was perceived to cross the line earlier in the scenario when the perpetrator's motivation was to upset the target in the context of a non‐intimate prior relationship only. Prior relationship, perpetrator‐target sex and perpetrator motivation also influenced the likelihood of offering various forms of advice to the target. These findings further demonstrate the impact of situational characteristics on perceptions of stalking and highlight the importance of educational campaigns and programs to increase people's understanding of stalking.
Electroconvulsive therapy in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: A case report
Authors: Kufner Marco , Nothdurfter Caroline , Steffling Dagmar , Baessler Andrea , Maier Lars S. , Qamar Yasmin
Published: September 2022

The use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in patients with underlying cardiac disease like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) remains without satisfactory clinical guidelines. We provide a case report of successful application of ECT in a 43‐year‐old patient with bipolar disorder and comorbid HCM, including detailed diagnostic information and outlining key clinical considerations.
The Puzzling Question about the Origin of the Second Electron in the Molecular Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
Authors: Thomas Christopher , Wittig Marina , Rieger Bernhard
Published: September 2022

Herein, a new supramolecular photocatalyst RuRe3 containing three Re(dmb)CO3Cl (dmb=4,4‘‐dimethyl‐2,2‘‐bipyridine) (Re) building blocks connected through an ethylene bridge to one [Ru(dmb)3]2+‐unit (Ru) is presented. We investigated the photophysical properties of this novel tetranuclear complex and compared these to compounds with one (RuRe) and two (RuRe2) catalytic units. Under irradiation, all three photocatalysts exhibit high activity and photostability for the reduction of CO2 to CO, with RuRe3 achieving the highest turnover number (11800) reported to date for a Re(I)/Ru(II)‐containing homogeneous catalyst. This tetranuclear complex is especially superior at small catalyst concentrations, which is attributed to an efficient second electron transfer via an intramolecular mechanism. Intermolecular electron transfer from small and mobile Re to RuRe motifs are found to also increase the catalytic performance of the system to a similar level (turnover number=12100). These synergistic effects are attributed to an improved catalytic cycle, stabilizing the bi‐ and tetrametallic complexes by providing the electrons quickly and effectively. Since the second electron provision is not finally clarified for molecular systems until today, our photocatalytic studies present important insights into this crucial step. Further, these investigations should be considered for the design and synthesis of new and efficient supramolecular CO2‐reducing photocatalysts.
Light‐ and Heat‐Controlled Formation of Osmanaphthalenes and Osmanaphthalynes
Authors: Zhang Ming‐Xing , Yang Xiaofei , Xu Zhiqiang , Yin Jun , Liu Sheng Hua
Published: September 2022

Comprehensive Summary

Simple and efficient synthesis of metalla‐aromatics with tailored distinctive optical, magnetic, redox, and light‐emitting properties is attractive yet challenging. We have now successfully synthesized three paramagnetic osmanaphthalenes bearing different electron‐donating groups as well as the first osmabenzo[b]carbazole containing an osmanaphthalene unit with four fused rings in good yields by subjecting suitable osmium carbyne precursors to a visible‐light‐induced protocol. In contrast, the four corresponding diamagnetic cyclic metal carbynes containing an osmanaphthalyne unit were obtained from the same osmium carbyne precursors by a heating method. The lowest‐energy absorptions of the paramagnetic osmanaphthalenes are red‐shifted compared to the corresponding osmanaphthalynes. Additionally, experimental observations including X‐ray analysis as well as nucleus‐independent chemical shift (NICS), anisotropy of the current‐induced density (AICD) calculations revealed these novel osmapolycycles bearing phosphonium substituents to be of aromatic character.
PROTOCOL: Interventions promoting resilience through climate‐smart agricultural practices for women farmers: A systematic review
Authors: Saran Ashrita , Singh Sabina , Gupta Neha , Walke Sujata Chodankar , Rao Ranjana , Simiyu Christine , Malhotra Suchi , Mishra Avni , Puskur Ranjitha , Masset Edoardo , White Howard , Sharma Waddington Hugh
Published: September 2022

This is the protocol for a Campbell systematic review. The objectives are as follows: the primary objective of this review is to synthesise evidence of the effectiveness of interventions to promote climate‐smart agriculture to enhance agricultural outcomes and resilience of women farmers in low‐and‐middle‐income countries (research question 1). The secondary objective is to examine evidence along the causal pathway from access to interventions to promote climate‐smart agriculture to empowering women so that they can use climate‐smart technology. And such outcomes include knowledge sharing, agency improvement, resource access and decision‐making (research question 2).
A comparative experimental analysis and deep evaluation practices on human bone fracture detection using x‐ray images
Authors: Sathish Kumar L. , Prabu A. V. , Pandimurugan V. , Rajasoundaran S. , Malla Prince Priya , Routray Sidheswar
Published: September 2022

X‐ray images are widely used to identify fractures in human bones. Radiographic diagnosis models take more time and manual procedures for establishing physical analysis of bone fractures. Furthermore, the lack of clinical resources and the medical support systems lead to inaccurate bone data extractions. In this case, the need for detail is required to understand the scientific issues in x‐ray and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based bone fracture diagnosis solutions. Particularly, the current bone fracture detection models are emerging with computerized frameworks and health informatics consoles. In this regard, this article lists five phases. First, data preparation and data collection tasks are initiated. Second, bone fracture diagnosis models are comparatively analyzed to find optimal observations. Consequently, the third phase of the article examines the treatments against bone fracture observations with traditional and deep learning (DL) techniques. The fourth phase consists of relative diagnosis solutions and the treatment benefits on various types of technical frameworks. Finally, this work concludes the comparison with recent DL‐based bone fracture identification models.
Regulating the Acidity of SO3H‐Functionalized Ionic Liquids: Hydrogen Bonding or Electrostatic Potential?
Authors: Song Dayong , Chen Jing
Published: September 2022

The SO3H‐functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) with high acidity are important catalysts for acid‐catalyzed reactions. However, the acidity of these ILs have been found to decrease due to intramolecular hydrogen bonds (H‐bonds). In this work, a series of anionic SO3H‐functionalized ILs were designed and the factors resulting in weak acidity were investigated, including H‐bonds strength and electrostatic potential on the leaving proton (ESPLP). Using catalytic experiment, atoms in molecules topology analysis and electrostatic potential calculation, it was found that the acidity of ILs was correlated with the value of ESPLP rather than the H‐bond strength. Meanwhile, there were several ways to increase the acidity of anionic SO3H‐functionalized ILs, such as enhancing the electron‐withdrawing ability of cation, introducing H‐bond acceptor sites on cation or separating the intramolecular H‐bonds through substitution position. These strategies made the conversion of TBA in Friedel‐Crafts alkylation increase from 19 % to 84 %.
State‐of‐Charge Distribution of Single‐Crystalline NMC532 Cathodes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries: A Critical Look at the Mesoscale
Authors: Kröger Till‐Niklas , Wölke Mathis Jan , Harte Patrick , Beuse Thomas , Winter Martin , Nowak Sascha , Wiemers‐Meyer Simon
Published: September 2022

The electrochemical response of layered lithium transition metal oxides LiMO2 [M=Ni, Mn, Co; e. g., Li(Ni0.5Mn0.3Co0.2)O2 (NMC532)] with single‐crystalline architecture to slow and fast charging protocols and the implication of incomplete and heterogeneous redox reactions on the active material utilization during cycling were the subject of this work. The role of the active material size and the influence of the local microstructural and chemical ramifications in the composite electrode on the evolution of heterogeneous state of charge (SOC) distribution were deciphered. For this, classification‐single‐particle inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (CL‐SP‐ICP‐OES) was comprehensively supplemented by various post mortem analytical techniques. The presented results question the impact of surface‐dependent failure mechanisms of single crystals for the evolution of SOC heterogeneity and identify the deficient structural flexibility of the composite electrode framework as the main driver for the observed non‐uniform active material utilization.
Pharmacokinetics of freebase nicotine and nicotine salts following subcutaneous administration in male rats
Authors: Han Shulei , Liu Chuan , Chen Huan , Fu Ya'ning , Zhang Yuan , Miao Ruijuan , Ren Peipei , Yu Pengpeng , Shi Zhihao , Tian Yushan , Wang Hongjuan , Liu Tong , Hou Hongwei , Hu Qingyuan
Published: September 2022

Nicotine lactate, nicotine tartrate, nicotine benzoate, and freebase nicotine (FBN) are four forms of nicotine salt systems that are present in tobacco products. However, few in vivo studies have compared their pharmacological (pK) efficacies, which are important for understanding their roles in the addiction and abuse of tobacco and nicotine products. In this work, the pK of the above nicotine salt systems was studied by subcutaneously injecting their aqueous solutions in rats and obtaining blood samples from the jugular vein. Nicotine levels in the blood were analyzed by LC–MS/MS. The results demonstrated that rapid nicotine absorption occurred in all nicotine systems. Of them, NB had the smallest Tmax, while FBN had the largest Tmax. The nicotine metabolic rate and clearance decreased for FBN, indicating that nicotine retention in the body was higher than for the other three salt‐based systems. Compared with nicotine salts, FBN could reach and maintain a higher concentration in the animal model. Additionally, as the benzoic acid ratios increased, the Cmax of the nicotine benzoate (NB) in the plasma decreased. This indicates that the lower the pH, the lower the Cmax. When different concentrations of NB were used, the higher the NB concentration, the greater the Cmax and AUC(0‐t). These results demonstrate that nicotine adsorption by NB in the animal model depended on both pH and concentration. This baseline information could be used to explain different clinical pharmacological observations in humans, though this study only considered the effects of nicotine on pharmacokinetics in vivo.
Application of independent‐left‐and‐right‐wheel‐driving force controller to torque vectoring differential with two‐input‐two‐output motor drive system for electrified vehicles
Authors: Fuse Hiroyuki , Fujimoto Hiroshi , Sawase Kaoru , Takahashi Naoki , Takahashi Ryota , Okamura Yutaro , Koga Ryosuke
Published: September 2022

A torque‐difference‐amplification torque vectoring differential (TDA‐TVD), which is composed of a two‐input‐two‐output system, has a great potential for cornering maneuverability; however, the overall controllability of slip ratio or driving force control is difficult owing to its complex mechanical structure. In order to enhance the controllability of TDA‐TVD, this study proposes a design method to apply a driving force controller (DFC) with a decent slip ratio and driving force controllability, which was originally intended for independent wheel drive systems. An experimental verification on a slippery road using a real vehicle with the TDA‐TVD indicated that the DFC can be applied to the TDA‐TVD and that it improves the overall performance of the traction control.
Forecasting inflation and output growth with credit‐card‐augmented Divisia monetary aggregates
Authors: Barnett William A. , Park Sohee
Published: September 2022

This paper investigates the performance of the credit‐card‐augmented Divisia monetary aggregates in forecasting US inflation and output growth at the 12‐month horizon. We compute recursive and rolling out‐of‐sample forecasts using an autoregressive distributed lag model based on Divisia monetary aggregates. We use the three available versions of those monetary aggregate indices, including the original Divisia aggregates, the credit card‐augmented Divisia, and the credit‐card‐augmented Divisia inside money aggregates. The source of each is the Center for Financial Stability. We find that the smallest root mean square forecast errors are attained with the credit‐card‐augmented Divisia indices used as the forecast indicators. We also consider Bayesian vector autoregression for forecasting annual inflation and output growth.
Predicting severe maternal outcomes in a network of sentinel sites in Latin‐American countries
Authors: Aleman Alicia , Colomar Mercedes , Colistro Valentina , Tomaso Gisselle , Sosa Claudio , Serruya Suzanne , de Francisco Luis Andrés , Ciganda Alvaro , De Mucio Bremen
Published: September 2022

Objective

This study aimed to determine incidences of potentially life‐threatening conditions (PLTC), maternal near misses (MNM), and maternal deaths (MD) in women who gave birth in participating facilities, and to determine the probability that a pregnancy involving a PLTC would evolve into an MNM and/or an MD.

Methods

This was a multicentric observational study implemented on a maternal network from August 2018 to May 2019 in five Latin‐American countries. We summarized categorical variables as frequencies and continuous variables with median, interquartile range, and standard deviations. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated and multivariate predictive models were built.

Results

There were 33 901 deliveries and miscarriages, of which 8.0% had at least one PLTC and 0.6% had an MNM. Hypertensive disorder was the most frequent condition to evolve into a severe maternal outcome.

Conclusion

Identifying PLTC can help to prevent MNM and MD. The inclusion of these predictors in a real‐time data registration system like the Perinatal Informatic System could work as a surveillance tool for early detection, leading to a reduction in the rate of worsening conditions.
Cardiotoxicity of (−)‐borneol, (+)‐borneol, and isoborneol in zebrafish embryos is associated with Na+/K+‐ATPase and Ca2+‐ATPase inhibition
Authors: Ni Xuan , Yin Xiaoyu , Qi Chelimuge , Liu Chunyu , Chen Hao , Zhou Yini , Ao Wuliji , Bao Shuyin , Xue Jiangdong , Yang Jingfeng , Dong Wu
Published: September 2022

Borneol is an example of traditional Chinese medicine widely used in Asia. There are different isomers of chiral borneol in the market, but its toxicity and effects need further study. In this study, we used zebrafish embryos to examine the effects of exposure to three isomers of borneol [(−)‐borneol, (+)‐borneol, and isoborneol] on heart development and the association with Na+/K+‐ATPase from 4 h post‐fertilization (4 hpf). The results showed that the three isomers of borneol increased mortality and decreased hatching rate when the zebrafish embryo developed to 72 hpf. All three isomers of borneol (0.01–1.0 mM) significantly reduced heart rate from 48 to 120 hpf and reduced the expression of genes related to Ca2+‐ATPase (cacna1ab and cacna1da) and Na+/K+‐ATPase (atp1b2b, atp1a3b, and atp1a2). At the same time, the three isomers of borneol significantly reduced the activities of Ca2+‐ATPase and Na+/K+‐ATPase at 0.1 to 1.0 mM. (+)‐Borneol caused the most significant reduction (p < 0.05), followed by isoborneol and (−)‐borneol. Na+/K+‐ATPase was mainly expressed in otic vesicles and protonephridium. All three isomers of borneol reduced Na+/K+‐ATPase mRNA expression, but isoborneol was the most significant (p < 0.01). Our results indicated that (+)‐borneol was the least toxic of the three isomers while the isoborneol showed the most substantial toxic effect, closely related to effects on Na+/K+‐ATPase.
Influence of varying thermal treatment on bioactive material with equal Ca/P ratio: A local drug delivery system for bone regeneration
Authors: Krishnamoorthy Elakkiya , Sugumaran Vijayakumari , Gosala Radha , Purushothaman Bargavi , Subramanian Balakumar
Published: September 2022

Designing a biomaterial with excellent bioactivity, biocompatibility, mechanical strength, porosity, and osteogenic properties is essential to incorporate therapeutic agents in order to promote efficient bone regeneration. The work intended to prepare bioactive glass with tailor‐made equal Ca/P (CP) ratio to obtain clinophosinaite (Cpt) as dominant phase. Clinophosinaite (Na3CaPSiO7) is one of the rarest phases of bioactive glass (BG), which is supposed to play key role in bioactivity. The novelty of this work is to track the required sintering temperature to attain equimolar calcium phosphate‐containing clinophosinaite phase and its behavior. Further, its consequent physicochemical and biological properties were analyzed. Phase transition from Rhenanite to Cpt, and later the Cpt emerged as dominant phase with increase of calcination temperature from 700 to 1000°C was studied. The quantifying evolution of Cpt with Rhenanite over increasing annealing temperature also results with the major morphological modifications. BET analysis confirmed the surface area and porosity (Type‐IV mesoporous) were gradually elevated upto 900°C, which had contrary effect on mechanical strength. Formation of hydroxyl carbonate apatite (HCA) layer confirmed the bioactivity of the prepared samples at varying time intervals. The CP samples demonstrated better hemocompatibility in post‐immersion (i.e., less than 1% of lysis) when compared with pre‐immersion. Enhanced protein adsorption and cumulative release (85%) of Simvastatin (SIM) drug was attained at 900°C treatment.
Association Among Cognition, Frailty, and Falls and Self‐Reported Incident Fractures: Results From the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA)
Authors: Lee Ahreum , McArthur Caitlin , Ioannidis George , Adachi Jonathan D. , Griffith Lauren E. , Thabane Lehana , Giangregorio Lora , Morin Suzanne N. , Leslie William D. , Lee Justin , Papaioannou Alexandra
Published: September 2022

Cognition, frailty, and falls have been examined independently as potential correlates of fracture risk, but not simultaneously. Our objective was to explore the association between cognition, frailty, and falls and self‐reported incident fractures to determine if these factors show significant independent associations or interactions. We included participants who completed the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA) 2012–2015 baseline comprehensive assessment, did not experience any self‐reported fractures in the year prior to cohort recruitment, and completed the follow‐up questionnaire at year 3 (n = 26,982). We compared all baseline cognitive measures available in the CLSA, the Rockwood Frailty Index (FI), and presence of self‐reported falls in the past 12 months in those with versus without self‐reported incident fractures in year 3 of follow‐up. We used multivariable logistic regression adjusted for covariates and examined two‐way interactions between cognition, frailty, and prior falls. CLSA specified analytic weights were applied. The mean ± standard error (SE) age of participants was 59.5 ± 0.1 years and 52.2% were female. A total of 715 participants (2.7%) self‐reported incident fractures at 3‐year follow‐up. Participants who experienced incident fractures had similar baseline cognition scores (mean ± SE; Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [RAVLT]: Immediate recall 6.1 ± 0.1 versus 5.9 ± 0.0; standardized difference [d] 0.124); higher FI scores (mean ± SE; FI 0.134 ± 0.005 versus 0.116 ± 0.001; d 0.193), and a greater percentage had fallen in the past 12 months (weighted n [%] 518 [7.2] versus 919 [3.5]; d 0.165). FI (each increment of 0.08) was associated with a significantly increased risk of self‐reported incident fractures in participants of all ages and those aged 65 years or older (adjusted odd ratio [OR] 1.24, 95% confidence limit [CL] 1.10–1.40; adjusted OR 1.44, 95% CL 1.11–1.52, respectively). The adjusted odds for self‐reported incident fractures in participants of all ages was also significantly associated with falls in the past 12 months prior to baseline (adjusted OR 1.83; 95% CL 1.13–2.97), but not in those aged 65 years or older. No interactions between cognition, frailty, and prior falls were found. However, considering the relatively young age of our cohort, it may be appropriate to make strong inferences in individuals older than 65 years of age. © 2022 The Authors. JBMR Plus published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.