bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF HETEROGENEOUS SOLID-PHASE ADDITIVES IN MINERAL OIL FOR ITS LUBRICATING ABILITY
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich , Venskaitis Vadim Viktorovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Shishurin Sergey Aleksandrovich ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Safonov Konstantin Valentinovich ,   LLC "World Technology"
Published: October 2024

In the last two decades, there has been an increase in practical interest in ultrathin powders used as solid-phase additives in lubricants. The research results published in the domestic and foreign literature indicate an increase in the lubricity of mineral oils when introducing heterogeneous superfine powders into their composition. Getting into the gaps between the rubbing parts, particles of ultrafine powders participate in the formation of surface layers with effective tribological properties, exhibit a restorative effect (fill microcracks and pores). The addition of ultrafine powders to the base oil is a promising approach to reducing friction, wear, and, as a result, to increasing the service life of tribo-conjugations of machines. The tribological characteristics of lubricating compositions based on MS-20 mineral oil modified with ultrafine additives containing micro-ceramics and non-ferrous metal powders are studied. It was found that the introduction of the studied tribocompositions into the base oil leads to an improvement in its lubricity. It is shown that the best antifriction and anti-wear properties of the lubricant composition are provided by the metal-containing nano-additive Cluster. The use of the Cluster additive reduces the temperature of the lubricating medium by 26%, the friction moment by 40.5%, wear by 26 times compared to the base oil. When the samples were lubricated with a composition containing micro-ceramics MS-20+WINDIGO Micro Ceramic Oil, there was a slight decrease in the temperature of the lubricating medium, an increase in the moment of friction by 17%, and wear by 2.5 times, compared with MS-20+Cluster. The morphology of the friction surfaces of the samples was studied by light microscopy. Significant differences were found in the reliefs of the friction surfaces, as well as in the tribofilm formed under the influence of components of dissimilar solid-phase additives.
TECHNOLOGICAL METHODS FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF LAMB PRODUCTION BASED ON BIOTECHNOLOGICAL METHODS
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Shirokova Nadezhda Vasilievna
Published: October 2024

The article presents and scientifically substantiates new approaches to the production of livestock raw materials and increasing the biological value of socially significant products based on modern biotechnological and molecular genetic methods, and proposed technologies for the production of functional foods. In order to increase the production volumes of the sheep breeding industry, it is necessary to use the genetic potential of breeds of domestic and foreign breeding, which affects the economic and biological characteristics and the level of animal productivity, to the maximum. We have studied the productive features of sheep of different genetic potential in the production of competitive mutton and products of its processing. According to the concept of the national technology initiative, the food industry until 2035 is tasked with the creation, production and sale of personalized and general, based on traditional raw materials and its substitutes, food products, using health-saving technologies, taking into account diseases, food allergies, types of professional activities, national traditions, thus increasing the production of meat products, expanding the range, increasing their biological value, as well as creating a new generation of products that meet the requirements of a healthy diet, are the actual tasks of the meat industry. The study was conducted at the Department of Food Technologies and Commodity Science of the Don State Agrarian University. Experimental samples were made containing different amounts of plant ingredients, the dose of germinated grain of legumes was established in the product, and the organoleptic evaluation was determined. On the basis of organoleptic and physico-chemical studies, a rational formulation of the product is proposed. The use of advanced technologies and developed recipes by meat industry enterprises will significantly expand the range of specialized functional food products and reduce their cost.
THE PROBLEM OF MASS ABORTIONS OF SHEEP AND GOATS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors:   Federal Center for Animal Health Protection, Mishchenko Alexey Vladimirovich , Mishchenko Vladimir Aleksandrovich ,   Federal Center for Animal Health Protection, Chernykh Oleg Yuryevich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin, Krivonos Roman Anatolyevich ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I. T. Trubilin
Published: October 2024

The high profitability of farms specializing in small cattle is ensured by a number of factors, including the genetic potential of productive animals, full feeding and well-being for infectious, invasive and mass non-infectious diseases. It is believed that the level of reproduction of the herd is one of the main criteria characterizing the effectiveness of sheep and goat breeding. Pregnancy in sheep (dryness) and goats (dryness) lasts an average of five months (135-157 days). Abortions in ruminants are the main cause of economic losses in all countries of the world. Abortion is called premature termination of pregnancy with subsequent resorption of the embryo (embryonic mortality, or concealed abortion), maceration, mummification of a fetus detained in the uterus or a miscarriage expelled from the uterus (a dead fetus). It is known that abortions can cause, along with other pathogens, pathogens of zoonotic infections. Rapid and accurate laboratory diagnostics is crucial for the fight against abortion. The etiology of abortions of sheep and goats is diverse, which significantly complicates the establishment of the causes of pathology. According to many researchers, the causes of abortions of sheep and goats were determined only in 40-56% of cases. It is believed that such indicators are due to a wide variety of etiological agents that cause abortions, stillbirths and the birth of non-viable lambs and goats. Currently, there are different classifications of abortions. Conventionally, abortions are divided into three groups: infectious (viral and bacterial etiology), invasive (protozoa), non-infectious and traumatic. Below is a description of the most relevant causes of abortions of sheep and goats.
THEORETICAL STUDIES OF WATER MOVEMENT IN SPRINKLERS WITH A ROTATING DEFLECTOR OF WIDE-REACH SPRINKLERS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Zhuravleva Larisa Anatolyevna , Popkov Igor Anatolyevich ,   "Ruskhimbio" LLC, Magomedov Murad Salmandibirovich ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K.A. Timiryazev, Kheirbeik Bassel ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Agricultural Academy named after K. A. Timiryazev
Published: October 2024

Domestic and foreign scientists have accumulated extensive experience in designing sprinklers and sprayers installed both on wide-span sprinklers and for watering flowerbeds and lawns. The base of recommendations for the choice of modifications, design parameters and operating modes, as a rule, included the results of experimental studies. The data obtained were determined by specific operating conditions, operating modes and specific design features of sprinklers. A generalized calculation method applicable for the purpose of designing sprinklers for certain purposes and conditions has not been identified. The purpose of the presented study is to study the movement of water in sprinklers with a rotating deflector in order to optimize design parameters and operating modes. The article considers the process of interaction of the water flow with the sprinkler deflector. The influence of the flow rate of the liquid supplied through the sprinkler on the size of the droplets of the sprayed liquid is presented. An increase in fluid flow leads to an increase in the diameter of the droplets. The trajectory of the grooves on the deflector has a significant impact on the formation of the speed and trajectory of the water droplets. The analysis shows that water acquires the greatest speed when leaving a rotating deflector having grooves of 3-5 mm in size at a flow rate of 1.5-3.5 l/s and small grooves of 1.5-2.5 mm occupying the area of the entire deflector at a low flow rate of up to 1.5 l/s. The conducted studies allowed us to consider the process of interaction of the fluid flow with the sprinkler deflector and develop a generalized calculation method. The results obtained were used in the design of the nomenclature of sprinklers for wide-reach sprinklers.
FORECAST OF AGROTECHNICAL MEASURES TAKING INTO ACCOUNT CHANGES IN AGROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL IN CROP ROTATION WITH PROLONGED IRRIGATION
Authors:   Volga Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration, Shadskikh Vladimir Alexandrovich , Kizhaeva Vera Evgenievna ,   Volga Scientific Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the main trends and dynamics of the development of agrotechnical measures being developed against the background of changes in the agrophysical properties of the soil in crop rotation during prolonged irrigation. Long-term field research was carried out in the experimental production farm of the Volga Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Land Reclamation on dark chestnut medium loamy soils in a typical grain-and-grass crop rotation with a total area of 350 hectares. It was found that long-term irrigation had a different effect on the agrophysical properties of the soil. The indicators of soil density and porosity over the period of eight rotations generally did not go beyond the optimal values. When analyzing changes in the granulometric and microaggregate composition of the arable horizon, a slight increase in granulometric fractions was observed in the range of 0.05-0.01 mm – by 0.33%, and for microaggregates in the gradation of 0.25-0.05 – by 0.23%. As a result of prolonged irrigation, soil compaction is observed in all fields, without appropriate agrotechnical measures, further deterioration of its structural condition can be predicted. Therefore, in order to maintain optimal agrophysical parameters of the arable horizon, it is necessary to carry out decompression measures using deep loosening and multi-depth tillage.
WATER REGIME OF SOIL AND WATER CONSUMPTION OF SPRING WHEAT IN GRAIN-PAIR CROP ROTATIONS OF THE SOUTHERN FOREST-STEPPE OF WESTERN SIBERIA
Authors:   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, Lutchenkov Andrey Alexandrovich , Rendov Nikolay Alexandrovich ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, Nekrasova Ekaterina Viktorovna ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin, Mozyleva Svetlana Ivanovna ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P.A. Stolypin
Published: October 2024

The data of studies for 2016-2022 on the study of the influence of steam precursors on the water regime of meadow-chernozem soil in field grain-steam four-field crop rotations in the conditions of the southern forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia are presented. Crop rotation scheme: steam-wheat-wheat-wheat. Pure black and chemical, as well as sideral rapeseed vapors were used as steam precursors. Rapeseed was sown in July, plowed in September in the flowering phase. In pure black steam during the fallow period, cultivations were carried out as weeds overgrown. The chemical vapor was treated twice during the summer with glyphosate-containing herbicides. Changes in the reserves of productive moisture in the meter layer of soil were tracked, starting from the beginning of fallowing and up to the harvesting of wheat, which is the third crop after steam. There was a weak accumulation of productive moisture in the steam fields. By sowing the first crop, the increase was from 8.8 mm after chemical steam and up to 11.6 mm after pure black. The coefficient of water consumption of the first wheat coming after steam predecessors reached 780 in the crop rotation with sideral steam and 841 in the crop rotation with chemical steam. In the second culture, the water consumption for the formation of 1 ton of grain increased to 828-881 tons, and in the third culture, the amount of moisture consumed already reached 1018-1132 tons. The lowest moisture consumption for the formation of 1 ton of spring soft wheat grain was observed in the crop rotation with sideral rapeseed steam. The highest coefficient of water consumption was obtained in the crop rotation with chemical steam.
SURVIVAL AND GROWTH OF SCOTS PINE UNDER CONDITIONS OF APPLICATION OF POLYMERS FOR STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE CONDITIONS
Authors:   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Mashtakov Dmitry Anatolyevich , Prakhov Alexander Vladimirovich ,   Russian Research and Design-Technological Institute of Sorghum and Corn, Arestova Elena Aleksandrovna ,   Federal Agrarian Scientific Center of the South-East
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the survival, growth and condition of forest crops of scots pine with the use of polyacrylamide polymer "AQUASORB". The object of research was the forest cultures of scots pine in the conditions of the steppe on sand and sandy soils, in the conditions of the forest-steppe - on loam. The polymer was used as a gel in doses of 125 ml and 250 ml, and also in dry form was introduced into the root system of seedlings before planting. The ability of the polymer to absorb water and give it to plants with its subsequent shortage in the soil caused its effectiveness, which is confirmed by an increase in the survival rate of pine crops by 16-20% in steppe conditions on sand and sandy soils and by 9-13% on loam in forest-steppe conditions. The intensity of pine growth in variants with different doses of polymer increased by 48-78% in steppe conditions and by 36-60% in forest-steppe conditions in the first year of pine crops' life. In the third and fifth years of the life of pine crops, the intensity of pine growth in (150) variants with polymer decreases, which indicates the leveling of the polymer's action in the soil over time. Positively affecting the survival rate and growth rate of pine crops, AQUASORB polymer contributes to an increase in the preservation of pine forest crops in the fifth year of life by 1.2-1.3 times. The effectiveness of the polymer decreases with sufficient water reserves in the soil.
ON THE ISSUE OF PROTECTING ENGINE PARTS OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY FROM CORROSION WEAR DURING STORAGE
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Ostrikov Valery Vasilyevich , Zhernovnikov Dmitry Nikolaevich ,   All-Russian Research Institute for the Use of Equipment and Oil Products in Agriculture, Safonov Valentin Vladimirovich ,   Saratov State University of Genetics, Biotechnology and Engineering named after N.I. Vavilov, Safonov Konstantin Valentinovich ,   "World Technology" LLC
Published: October 2024

Agricultural machinery has been in idle mode for some time. For 9-10 months a year, the main parts of the combine harvester engine are exposed to temperature changes, which causes corrosion of the parts and reduces their service life. One of the important tasks is to protect the internal combustion engine from corrosion and wear. Designed for use during storage, working–preservation and preservation oils have not found wide application in the agro-industrial complex. The lack of measures to protect cylinder liners from corrosion and subsequent wear reduces the service life of machines and increases the cost of their operation. As a result of a theoretical assessment of the dynamics of the activation of additives in internal combustion engines, including anticorrosive ones, it was found that theoretically it is very problematic to determine the residual content of anticorrosive additives by the time the combine is put into long-term storage. Theoretically, some regularities of the additive operation are substantiated, taking into account the oil fumes, fresh topping, which makes it possible to interpret the equation determining the degree of oil functionality in the sense of anticorrosive protection at time t. As a result of experimental studies and observations, data on the actual condition of the engine oil before placing the combine for long-term storage were obtained. As a result of laboratory tests, it was found that the protective anticorrosive properties can be significantly affected by the viscosity of the oil, the alkaline number and its contamination with resins. A comparative analysis of the properties of M-10DM oils and K-17 oil showed the superiority of the latter in terms of protective properties. The conclusion is made about the possibility of developing a resource-saving composition of high-quality working-preservation oil and technology for protecting the engine from corrosion in conditions of agricultural production and agriculture.
REFLECTION OF FINANCIAL FLOWS FROM THE SYSTEM OF NATIONAL ACCOUNTS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Medvedev Alexander Valeryevich
Published: October 2024

The main purpose of the work is to show some possibilities and approaches for developing a consolidated financial balance sheet. Such developments are necessary to provide government agencies with information that comprehensively reflects the financial flows of resources and costs of business entities when justifying the plan. The balance of financial resources of a subject of the Russian Federation is the sum of the balance of revenues and expenditures of the budget of the subject of the Russian Federation and the balance of financial resources of municipalities, as well as economic entities in this territory. The development of the balance of financial resources is one of the components of the forecast of socio-economic development of the Russian Federation, the subject of the Russian Federation, and the municipality. The balance of financial resources serves as a tool that allows, at the level of the forecast of macroeconomic development, to determine the expediency of making certain proposals and decisions. Monetary income and expenses of the population are not included in the balance of financial resources. They can be included in the consolidated financial balance sheet as a composite. part of the reproduction balance of gross output as a whole. This is required to achieve and maintain balance: between the supply of consumer goods and the monetary income of the population; between the production of means of production intended for the reimbursement of material costs and capital accumulation, and the corresponding monetary means of producers of material goods and services. Such a balance should be ensured not only by the amount, but also by the structure of the mass of goods produced, intended to satisfy the corresponding needs of all types of activities and households. The consolidated financial balance is closely related to the consolidated material balance and to the Input-output balance of production and distribution of products.
PLACEMENT AND SPECIALIZATION OF PRODUCTION AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN THE BORDER TERRITORIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories - All–Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Silaeva Lidiya Pavlovna
Published: October 2024

Groups of border geostrategic territories bordering the EAEU countries unite 11 regions that are part of the Southern, Volga, Ural and Siberian Federal Districts. Agribusiness development management systems in these territories should be formed based on the administrative-territorial situation of each individual region, based on the available evidence, taking into account macro-regional interactions within the framework of the listed federal districts, since the territories included in the same federal district have similar trends in the regional development of agricultural specialization and the level of development of the gross regional product. The Astrakhan and Volgograd regions, with different volumes of agricultural production in GRP (8.4% and 15.5%, respectively), have a preponderance of the crop production sub-sector in the structural proportion of agriculture, have similar volumes of production of the industry per capita and relatively the same levels of average wages, which ultimately affects the ratio of agricultural production per capita the ratio of the population to wages in the region, which had a value of 1.8 in both regions. At the same time, it should be taken into account that the gross production of agricultural products in the Volgograd region is 3 times higher than the production in the Astrakhan region. The Volga region regions differ the most from the analyzed group of border geostrategic territories, since production per capita significantly exceeds the level of wages. So, in the Samara region, this indicator was 2.75, in Orenburg – 3.78, and in Saratov – 4.73, which is the fourth place out of all the analyzed regions. In these areas, there is an uneven distribution of the shares of agriculture in GRP. If agriculture occupies almost 18% of the GRP in the Saratov region, then in the Orenburg and Samara regions these indicators are 10% and 6%, respectively. The development of agricultural business management systems in these territories should be based on the geographical location of these regions, which have unique opportunities for the development of crop production, which occupy a large share in the regional structure of agricultural products. Three regions of the analyzed group are included in the Ural Federal District – Kurgan, Tyumen and Chelyabinsk regions. They are also similar in terms of the ratio of agricultural production to the average regional wage, and this value varies from 1.02 (Tyumen region) to 1.35 (Kurgan region), and the latter region has the lowest GRP – 233.5 billion rubles. and almost 20% of it is occupied by agricultural production.
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT DOMESTIC CATTLE BREEDING IN CONDITIONS OF DEEPENING INTERSTATE INTEGRATION
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories – All-Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Izmailova Svetlana Anatolyevna
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the volume of beef production has hardly changed, but its share in the production structure has decreased by 4 percentage points. Low volumes of livestock production over the past decades have been a factor increasing the country's import dependence due to the stagnation of this most important sub-sector of animal husbandry. One of the main reasons for the sharp drop in livestock production is the trend of reducing the number of cattle that has not been overcome. The growth of the segment of specialized beef cattle breeding is facilitated by state support measures aimed at the implementation of large investment projects and the creation of highly productive herds that contribute to the restoration of cattle breeding in the country. But despite the importance of the State Program and sectoral regional programs, they do not solve all the problems of the development of cattle breeding and its spatial organization. The production of livestock products can be profitable only in a cooperative system based on the principles of division of labor. To overcome the trend of reducing the production of milk and cattle meat, large-scale long-term programs and projects are needed to ensure interregional integration and cooperation in agriculture, the development of specialized high-tech zones and interregional exchange. In order to smooth out the natural factor influencing the development of cattle breeding, it is advisable to strengthen measures to increase the attractiveness of cattle breeding in regions with a sufficiently favorable bioclimatic potential while maintaining the general principle of distribution of federal state support for agriculture. To create a specialized beef cattle breeding, the country has certain potential opportunities: the presence of natural forage lands, low-cost intensive pasture technology, the resources of the breeding stock of meat breeds for the formation of new farms. However, the increase in the production of cattle meat for slaughter occurs only in certain regions. The spatial development of cattle breeding should be connected with the state impact on its spatial development through the development and implementation of various targeted programs in specialized zones that can serve as the basis for providing the country's regions with milk and beef.
THE ROLE OF FINANCIAL AND CREDIT INSTITUTIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN BANKING SECTOR
Authors:   Scientific Research Financial Institute of the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation, Gubanov Roman Sergeevich
Published: October 2024

The article examines the economic essence and types of financial and credit institutions with the division of activities of public and private banks into: entrepreneurial, credit and deposit activities. The author gives a comparative characteristic of private and state-owned banks, highlighting the priorities of their functioning based on the best foreign practice of the development of the Chinese banking system. The role of specialization of commercial banks and their universalization is determined. At the same time, a grouping of financial and credit institutions is given by the types of relations between the subjects of the banking market and by the level of the hierarchy of licensing requirements: banks with a basic license, systemically significant credit institutions and banks with a universal license. The article presents the structure of universal commercial banks of Russia by their specialization in 2021, the trends in the dynamics of changes in the indicators of liquidity of commercial banks in Russia are revealed. The structural liquidity deficit in the Russian banking sector is assessed as a prerequisite for the risk of financial universalization. At the same time, it is advisable to understand by liquidity the ability of assets of financial and credit institutions to transform into cash in a short time and without financial losses, taking into account the instability of the market situation. The article states the fact that during the analyzed period the number of financial and credit institutions has decreased catastrophically, which has a negative impact on the economic efficiency of lending to universal investment projects in the conditions of instability of the country's monetary circulation. The author identifies the factors of destabilization of the stability of the financial market development and their mutual influence on the universalization of financial and credit institutions. As a result of the research, an assessment of the impact of the universalization of Russian banks on the effectiveness of developing a long-term strategy for the development of the banking sector is given.
OPTIMIZATION OF SMALL BUSINESS COSTS WITH THE HELP OF SECONDARY EMPLOYMENT OF STUDENTS
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Karpets Olga Viktorovna , Kalyagina Irina Viktorovna ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: October 2024

The labor market is a multifaceted phenomenon where the interaction of economic agents on the supply and demand side is necessary, moreover, various factors of both the external and internal environment can act on their choice. There are variations not only in the level of remuneration, but also in time and forms of employment. The operating conditions of some enterprises lead to the search for ways to save, including on labor costs, which is possible through the use of secondary employment (for an employee, part-time employment or part-time work). This article examines the relationship between secondary employment of students and the activities of small businesses as economic agents that meet mutual needs. Within the framework of the study, a review of the literature was conducted, which allows us to put forward relevant research hypotheses. From an empirical point of view, a quantitative research method was applied – a survey of both sides of the market: students and employers. As a result, two types of economic sectors were identified: those interested in attracting students on the terms of secondary employment (tourism and hospitality) and those not interested in it (logistics, marketing, tourism). There was also a contradiction between the interests of students and small businesses: students are not interested in finding employment in the areas most interested in them. Based on the results obtained in the course of the study, two types of recommendations are proposed to improve the interaction of small businesses and students in the framework of secondary employment for different sectors of the economy, which will reduce the identified contradictions.
CONCEPTUAL FOUNDATIONS OF RESERVES MANAGEMENT AND FACTORS OF SUSTAINABLE ADVANCED DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIO-NATURAL AND ECONOMIC SPACE OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX AND RURAL AREAS
Authors:   Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenov Sergey Nikolaevich , Alieva Dina Muratovna ,   Saratov Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: October 2024

The article considers a new approach to the management of reserves and factors of sustainable advanced development of the socio-natural and economic space of the agro-industrial complex, and rural territories (SPES of the agro-industrial complex and ST) in the context of global challenges and threats. The author's model of "loops" ("spirals") of the expanded reproduction of quality reserves and sustainable development of the SPEP of the agroindustrial complex and ST and the schematic diagram of the management system of reserves and factors of the SPEP of the agroindustrial complex and ST are presented. For the first time, the reserves and factors of cyclical sustainable and outstripping development of the agricultural and agricultural SPES in connection with the implementation of agro-industrial policy, as well as the use of reserves of the circular economy in the process of implementing the concept of the agricultural and agricultural SPES are considered. The substantiation of "advanced import substitution" as the most important reserve of the SD of the SPEP of the agro-industrial complex and ST is given, the issues of compromises and synergy as a reserve in the concept of development management are considered. In connection with the global cyclical nature of spatial development, an original model "Tree of reserves for managing the development of socio-natural and economic space of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas" has been developed and presented. Special attention is paid to the reserves of "Advancing compromises" and "Reducing negative synergy as mechanisms and technologies for managing the development of socio-natural and economic space of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas." It is proposed to consider circular agroeconomics as an integrated agro-industrial socio-natural-economic restorative and transformative system. The necessity of developing a long-term program for the modernization of the management of the socio-natural and economic space of the agro-industrial complex and rural areas on the basis of a new technological structure and a set of measures to ensure the advanced sustainable development of agro-food and infrastructure systems, clusters and other integrative formations is substantiated.
SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT OF PRODUCTION OF PRODUCTS PASTORALISM
Authors:   Federal Research Center for Agrarian Economics and Social Development of Rural Territories - All–Russian Research Institute of Agricultural Economics, Yashina Marina Lvovna
Published: October 2024

Increasing the volume of production of products pastoralism is one of the main strategic objec-tives for the country. In recent years, the volume of beef production has remained virtually un-changed, but its share in the production structure has decreased by 4 percentage points. The low volumes of production of products pastoralism over the past decades have been a factor in-creasing the country's import dependence due to the stagnation of this most important livestock sub-sector. One of the main reasons for the sharp drop of production of products pastoralism is the unsurmounted trend of reducing the number of cattle. The growth of the segment of spe-cialized beef cattle breeding is facilitated by government support measures aimed at the imple-mentation of large investment projects and the creation of highly productive herds that contrib-ute to the restoration of cattle breeding in the country. But for all the importance of the State Program and sectoral regional programs, they do not solve all the problems of the development of cattle breeding and its spatial organization. The production of products pastoralism can be profitable only in a system of cooperation based on the principles of division of labor. To over-come the downward trend in the production of milk and cattle meat, large-scale long-term pro-grams and projects are needed to ensure inter-regional integration and cooperation in agricul-ture, the development of specialized high-tech zones and of inter-regional exchange. The growth in the concentration number of cattle is one of the indicators of the spatial development of cattle breeding. However, at present, there is a decrease in the concentration of cattle in those regions where it exceeded 500 thousand heads. Of particular concern is the decline in the num-ber of livestock in regions with a high supply of natural fodder lands and natural potential for the development of beef cattle breeding, as well as in those regions whose bioclimatic potential allows for sufficient yields of grain forage crops for raising dairy cattle. The current trend is un-acceptable from the point of view of the rational territorial organization of cattle breeding in the country.
SPECIFICATION OF CONCEPTUAL PROVISIONS FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC SYSTEMS IN RELATION TO INTEGRATED LOGISTICS SUPPORT FOR THE TECHNICAL OPERATION OF EXPORTED KNOWLEDGE-INTENSIVE PRODUCTS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Veretekhina Svetlana Valerievna , Kleiner Georgy Borisovich ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: October 2024

The author in the study determines the significance of the specification of the conceptual provisions of the management of socio-economic systems in relation to the integrated logistics support for the technical operation of exported high-tech products. The problem that the dissertation research is aimed at is to increase the competitiveness of domestic products in international markets. In the applied aspect, the dissertation research is aimed at developing recommendations on information, logistics and regulatory support for processes related to the export of domestic high technology products. The author defines the main provisions of the Specification of Conceptual Provisions. The system of technical operation and activities in the field of integrated logistics support are described. The phenomenon of the socio-economic system to support the export of domestic science-intensive products in the new economic reality is determined. The scientific novelty of the specification of the conceptual provisions of the management of socio-economic systems in relation to the integrated logistics support (ILS) for the technical operation of science-intensive products and the technology of integrated logistics support (ILS) for the technical operation of exported science-intensive products is determined. The specification includes the developed methods, models and applied software solutions for integrated logistics support for the export of science-intensive products based on the new theory of economic systems and using the methodology of multilevel modeling. In the applied aspect, the specification acts as a regulatory and legislative document regulating the export of customized science-intensive products. Econometric modeling data, methodological materials (techniques) are presented, a set of measures aimed at supporting the performance of domestic high-tech products is described, while ensuring the effective functioning of the elements of the technical operation system.
THE PROBLEM OF ASSESSING THE EFFICIENCY OF HIGHER EDUCATION STAFF IN A FUZZY SOLUTION
Authors:   Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky, Ostapenko Irina Nikolaevna , Usenko Roman Stanislavovich ,   Crimean Federal University named after V.I. Vernadsky
Published: October 2024

Talented employees, their intellect, creativity and ability to create something new are one of the main competitive advantages that determine the success of an organization's development. Due to dynamic changes in the labor market, companies' expectations and requirements for employees are changing. Human skills and abilities have come to the fore in social production. Any leader, based on certain indicators, can evaluate his subordinates and their ability to quickly and efficiently complete the task. In the context of digital transformations, the economy needs highly qualified personnel. Universities train future specialists, so it is important that university staff “keep up with the times, engage in self-education and continuously improve their professional level. Quite often, qualitative indicators evaluated by experts are used to evaluate the effectiveness of activities. The article considers the possibilities of using the apparatus of fuzzy mathematics to assess the effectiveness of university employees. The study describes a methodology for quantifying their effectiveness, which allows for competent management of university staff. This approach involves the selection of important criteria for selecting employees for a vacancy, on the basis of which their personnel scoring is carried out. The main advantage of fuzzy models, in comparison with mathematical models based on classical mathematical tools, is associated with the possibility of using much smaller amounts of input data about the system for their development. In this case, the input data can be approximate, fuzzy. The approach from the point of view of fuzzy mathematics makes it possible to formally describe non-strict fuzzy concepts and provides an opportunity to study processes occurring under conditions of a high degree of uncertainty.
Growth of Chlorine-Doped ZnO Nanorod Arrays on Different Substrates
Authors:   Department of Electrical Engineering, Lunghwa university of science and technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Wu Tung-Lung , Min Kao-Wei ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, Lunghwa university of science and technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Ye Ying-Tong ,   Department of Electronic Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan, Yu Ming-Ta Yu ,   Department of Mechanical Design Engineering, National Formosa University, Huwei, Yunlin 632, Taiwan
Published: October 2024

In this study, zinc nitrate (Zn(NO3)2), hexamethylenetetramine (C6H12N4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) were employed as precursor materials to synthesize ZnO nanorod arrays on two distinct types of substrates using the hydrothermal method. We investigated how different substrates and varying chlorine concentrations influence the synthesis properties of chlorine-doped ZnO nanorod arrays. Specifically, this study aimed to explore the structural, morphological, and optical properties of the synthesized ZnO nanorod arrays. The substrates investigated were an indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate with a ZnO seed layer and an ITO substrate with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of molecules. The formation of the SAM involved placing a clean ITO conductive glass substrate into a high-pressure reactor, along with a vial containing 0.2 mm of octadecyltrichlorosilane. Using this process, a uniform SAM was created on the ITO substrate. The molar ratio of Zn(NO3)2, C6H12N4, and NaCl was maintained at 1:1:x, where x varied as 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4. This corresponded to NaCl volumes of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, and 10.0 mM, respectively. The crystallinity and orientation of the nanorods were assessed with their surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). By systematically varying the chlorine concentration and substrate type, the role of these parameters was understood in tailoring the characteristics of ZnO nanorod arrays for potential applications in optoelectronic devices, sensors, and photocatalysts.
Cu/AlN composite and functionally graded materials with high strength and high electrical- and thermal-conductivity fabricated by spark plasma sintering
Authors: Watanabe Yoshimi , Ohtawa Yoshimasa , Miyazaki Hidetoshi , Sato Hisashi
Published: October 2024

In this study, Cu/AlN composites and functionally graded materials (FGMs) were fabricated with the spark plasma sintering method. It was observed that a two-step sintering process, involving sintering under low pressure as the initial stage to remove adsorbed chemicals on the powder, was an effective method for producing sintering objects with high relative density. The hardness of the composites significantly increased with higher volume fraction of aluminum nitride (AlN) particles, while electrical- and thermal-conductivity decreased. Nevertheless, the advanse impact of AlN on thermal-conductivity was found to be minimal. Additionally during compression test, a crack was noted at the interface between Cu and Cu-5 vol%AlN region in two-layered FGMs after, whereas no such crack was observed in the three-layered FGMs. Therefore, it is confirmed that the concept of FGMs is useful in overcoming the shortcomings of mutually exclusiveness among high strength, high electrical- and high thermal-conductively.
Pengaruh Emotional Labour dan Reward terhadap Performa Kerja Karyawan Divisi Pemasaran PT MI
Authors: Gunawan William Ben , Setyani Angelica Herdyandra , Perwitasari Ghazlina Putri
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aims to deepen the understanding of the influence of emotional labor ability and rewards on employee performance, with a case study focusing on PT MI.
Methodology: This study used a quantitative approach by collecting data using a questionnaire from 30 employees of the marketing division of PT MI. Statistical analyses were performed to examine employee characteristics, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, the dimensions of variables, and the links between variables, mainly using multiple linear regression.
Results: The results indicate that rewards significantly affect job performance, while emotional labor does not have a significant impact. Both independent variables simultaneously and significantly influence job performance. The coefficient of determination of 62.3% indicates that emotional labor and rewards can explain 62.3% of the variability in job performance, while the remaining variability is explained by other factors.
Limitations: We face a limitation in collecting a higher number of respondents due to the limited number of employees in the marketing division of PT MI.
Contribution: This study found that financial and non-financial rewards significantly enhance job performance through intrinsic and extrinsic motivation and psychological contracts between employees and the organization. In contrast, the lack of a significant impact of emotional labor may be due to individual differences in managing emotions, job characteristics, and other dominant factors, such as technical skills and intrinsic motivation. These findings underscore the importance of rewards in improving employee performance and the need for further research on the role of emotional labor in various contexts.
Business Cycles when Consumers Learn by Shopping
Authors: Gutiérrez-Daza Ángelo
Published: October 2024

Empirical evidence suggests consumers rely on their shopping experiences to form beliefs about inflation. In other words, they "learn by shopping". I introduce this empirical observation as an informational friction in the New Keynesian model and use it to study its consequences for the transmission of aggregate shocks and the design of monetary policy. Learning by shopping anchors households' beliefs about inflation to its past, causing disagreement with firms over the value of the real wage. The discrepancy allows nominal shocks to have real effects and makes the slope of the Phillips curve a function of the monetary policy stance. As a result, a more hawkish monetary policy reduces the volatility and persistence of inflation, increases the degree of anchoring of households' inflation expectations, and flattens the slope of the Phillips curve of the economy.
A Comprehensive Survey on Meta-Learning: Applications, Advances, and Challenges
Authors: Wang Jingyao
Published: October 2024

Meta-learning, or ”learning to learn”, enables machines to acquire general priors with minimal supervision and rapidly adapt to new tasks. Unlike traditional AI methods that approach each task from scratch using a fixed learning algorithm, meta-learning refines the learning algorithm itself through experience across various tasks, enhancing transferability and generalization. This is especially valuable when data collection is difficult or costly, allowing for effective learning from task sequences while reducing the dependency on extensive target domain data. Consequently, meta-learning has emerged as a promising field in machine learning. Although existing surveys provide valuable insights into meta-learning, they often present methods and applications in isolation and lack coverage of the latest advancements. Given the rapid growth of the field, a comprehensive survey is both necessary and challenging. Moreover, meta-learning algorithms often remain disconnected, with no unified framework to explain how they facilitate ”learning to learn”. This survey seeks to bridge that gap by systematizing meta-learning research, offering a thorough overview of strategies to enhance understanding. Additionally, the paper reviews over thirty representative meta-learning methods across models, tasks, and applications, analyzing their characteristics and challenges. To illustrate method performance, we evaluate more than fifteen models on six problems spanning thirteen scenarios, emphasizing the importance of selecting appropriate meta-learning approaches for practical applications.
Entropy-Based Network Traffic Analysis for Efficient Ransomware Detection
Authors: Williams Micah , Morales Richard , Johnson Katherine , Martinez George , Bennett Jonathan
Published: October 2024

Ransomware has become one of the most pervasive and damaging threats to modern network infrastructures, causing significant financial and operational disruptions across industries. The proposed entropy-based detection approach offers a novel and dynamic solution to this growing problem through the analysis of network traffic entropy, enabling the identification of ransomware activity without the limitations of traditional signature-based methods. The methodology calculates and aggregates entropy values from various traffic attributes, capturing anomalies that reflect both short-term spikes and long-term ransomware behaviors. Machine learning classifiers then utilize these aggregated entropy features to distinguish between benign and ransomware-related traffic with high accuracy. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness of the system in reducing false positives, maintaining real-time processing capabilities, and providing scalable ransomware detection across diverse network environments. The adaptive nature of entropy analysis ensures that the system remains resilient against the increasingly sophisticated tactics employed by ransomware operators.