bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies of the influence of vegetation cover on the process of transfer and diffusion of harmful substances in the atmosphere
Authors: Shafiev Tursun , Nazarov Shakhzod
Published: October 2023

A mathematical model is proposed to monitor and predict the concentration of harmful substances emitted from natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution; it can be used to estimate the capture of aerosol particles in the atmosphere by vegetation elements. The developed mathematical model makes it possible to more accurately predict the degree of environmental pollution and develop measures to reduce it. Using this model and the corresponding numerical algorithm for solving problems, computational experiments were conducted with real weather and climate factors obtained from online services. From the computational experiments conducted, the main parameters were determined; one of them is the influence of vegetation elements on the process of diffusion and transport of aerosol particles in the atmosphere, which plays a significant role in the process under consideration. To check the reliability of the proposed mathematical apparatus, computational experiments were performed and the results were compared with the results obtained by other researchers.
Investigation of the effect of thermal emf in carbon fibers
Authors: Lebedev E.L. , Ivanov D.K. , Neretin F.A. , Alekseev K.V.
Published: October 2023

The article presents the result of a study of the occurrence of the thermoelectric effect in contact "modified carbon fiber - the original carbon fiber". The description of the method of modification of carbon fiber by pulsed current is given. The supposed physical process of this phenomenon is shown. The possibility of implementing this effect in rocket and space technology is being considered.
Waste management peculiarities in far north from the perspective of environmental hazard and emergency prevention
Authors: Shishkov Yuri , Oltyan Irina , Tshovrebov Eduard , Gordienko Alexey , Sereda Tatyana
Published: October 2023

The paper considers the peculiarities of waste management in the system of housing and communal services of the northern regions of Russia in the conditions of permafrost and harsh climatic conditions. The authors have studied the topical issues from the point of view of preventing environmental hazards and emergencies of manmade character. Thus, the aim of the present study was to develop scientifically substantiated proposals for the prevention of environmental hazards and emergencies in the regions of the Arctic zone, as well as adjacent territories of the subjects of the Russian Federation, caused by man-made impact of waste. The conducted research with conclusions and recommendations according to its results are carried out on the basis of the developed forecast and within the framework of the chosen scenarios of development of the situation with waste management on ecologically vulnerable territories. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the following scientific and applied tasks have been solved: a systematic analysis of the hazardous waste management situation in the Far North; identification of dangerous environmental factors and threats, which may contribute to emergencies with irreversible consequences for the environment, population and economic development of the Arctic; scientific justification of proposals for the prevention of technospheric impact of waste through the transition of regions to resource-saving The results of the study can be used in the development and updating of concepts, federal target, regional programs in the field of environmental security, prevention of man-made emergencies in the process of life support regions of the Far North, the northern part of Siberia, the Urals, the Far East.
The current situation and the driving mechanism of energy consumption in China in the context of the peak of carbon emissions in 2030
Authors: XiangRu Ma
Published: October 2023

The Chinese economy is actively switching to the use of gas in the energy sector and in the residential sector. At the same time, with the scale of the Chinese economy, coal will be in demand for a long time, since technological and economic reasons make it difficult to quickly abandon this raw material in favor of less carbon-intensive types of energy resources. China is the world's largest consumer and importer of energy resources, whose structure has long relied on the use of coal for electricity generation. Stable economic growth and the development of industrial production in the country have caused serious environmental problems associated with the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. The article discusses the main aspects of the current situation of energy consumption in China in the context of the peak of carbon emissions in 2030. The author conducted a meta-regression analysis, the results are shown in Table 1. The framework of China's climate policy is considered in detail, as well as how China will reach a peak in carbon emissions by 2030. The regression results show that all variables are significant for peak CO2 emissions, with the exception of the variable rate of decrease in the intensity of carbon emissions at the peak of carbon emissions (peakCEI), significant for the time of peak carbon emissions, with the exception of the variable paper type (PTY), impact factor (IF), classification of the share of coal at the peak of carbon emissions (yblcal) and the share of coal at the peak of carbon emissions (pnf). According to the author, in the future China should conduct in-depth research in these areas, including studying the optimal path to the carbon peak based on the cost-benefit theory, improve methods of accounting for greenhouse gas inventories, actively promote the progress of clean energy technologies, improving the quality of economic development, etc.
The sorting Hump is a “drawing-analytical” method in finding the coordinates of the elements of the Strait
Authors: Xusanov Sunnatilla , Qobulov Jamshid , Samikova Dilnoza
Published: October 2023

By analyzing the existing mathematical models and analytical methods used to find the coordinates of the sorting hump Strait elements, their achievements and disadvantages were studied. On the basis of the results of the analysis, the procedures for the implementation of the design process are studied. In contrast to the established sequence in the "Design criteria for railway stops and nodes", it is possible to select the best of several acceptable options at once. To find the coordinates of the elements of the sorting hump Strait, a mathematical model and a method for determining it have been developed for the "drawing-analytical" method.
Digital twins creation based on discrete modelling of non-destructive evaluation objects
Authors: Kovshov Evgeny , Kuvshinnikov Vladimir , Dolgov Nikita
Published: October 2023

Nowadays, the implementation of digital industrial technologies for maximal industrial processes automation and unmanned technologies creation is the main direction of technological development in the key of Industry 4.0 and NDE 4.0 paradigms. Service-oriented approach is proposed for the implementation of digital non-destructive evaluation as an effective solution for obtaining, processing and storing data and testing results. The model of industrial radiography laboratory simulator is considered, discrete models of digital twin objects are built when obtaining an image, for which the basic statements and tools of set theory are used. Examples illustrating the correspondence of digital twins’ mathematical models to their graphical analogues as well as the image generated on the detector are presented. The subject of extending CAD systems tools in the context of practical design of digital twins geometric image is considered. It is noted that virtualization of such a complex technical object as industrial radiography laboratory allows to check feasibility of technical solutions and engineering hypotheses with regard to real industrial conditions and needs in a short period of time and with minimum costs, thus providing, variability in implementation of process steps, and increasing the number of trained qualified specialists in radiation kind of non-destructive evaluation.
The principles of building a machine-learning-based service for converting sequential code into parallel code
Authors: Viktorov Ivan , Gibadullin Ruslan
Published: October 2023

This article presents a novel approach for automating the parallelization of programming code using machine learning. The approach centers on a two-phase algorithm, incorporating a training phase and a transformation phase. In the training phase, a neural network is trained using data in the form of Abstract Syntax Trees, with Word2Vec being employed as the primary model for converting the syntax tree into numerical arrays. The choice of Word2Vec is attributed to its efficacy in encoding words with less reliance on context, compared to other natural language processing models such as GloVe and FastText. During the transformation phase, the trained model is applied to new sequential code, transforming it into parallel programming code. The article discusses in detail the mechanisms behind the algorithm, the rationale for the selection of Word2Vec, and the subsequent processing of code data. This methodology introduces an intelligent, automated system capable of understanding and optimizing the syntactic and semantic structures of code for parallel computing environments. The article is relevant for researchers and practitioners seeking to enhance code optimization techniques through the integration of machine learning models.
Digitalization of financial sector in Russia: Key components and concepts
Authors: Argashokova Svetlana , Litvishko Olga , Novoselova Natalia
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the study of key components of financial sector in Russia and key concepts related to them. The authors believe these key components are focused on achieving the strategic goals set by the Russian government in the national project “Digital economy” which include; increasing the availability and quality of financial services and services for citizens and businesses; creating a competitive environment; further development of competition in the financial market; increasing the availability, quality and range of financial services; reducing risks and costs in the financial sector; increasing the competitiveness of Russian technologies while ensuring cybersecurity and maintaining financial stability. The authors analyse the economic situation that is developing in the country under the influence of the spread of digital technologies pointing out that Russia is one of the world leaders of digitalization in the sphere of finance. Using diachronic approach, the authors traced the history of digitalization in the world in general and Russia in particular, which allowed them to determine major trends and priorities. Further analysis of the language means representing the key concepts conducted with the help of linguocognitive modelling revealed the nature of the process of digital transformation of financial sector.
The effect of carbon nanotubes on the properties of asphalt concrete
Authors: Guvalov Abbas , Mammadov Anar
Published: October 2023

The method of nanomodification was reviewed and its effect on the properties of polymer-bitumen adhesives (PBA) and asphalt concrete prepared on their basis was studied. It was determined that nanomodified PBA is less sensitive to aging processes, which is the result of the peptization of asphaltene-resin complexes in the structure of modified adhesives and their construction with polymer matrix. It has been found that the nanotubes used as modifiers act as a tailoring agent and an inhibitor of aging processes in PBA. It has been determined that when nano-carbon tubes are applied in a complex form with MasterLife PVA 100, a surface-active agent, the adhesion capacity of bitumen increases and, accordingly, the operational properties of asphalt concrete improve. Studies have shown that the most important process in the application of nanomodifier is ensuring its uniform distribution in the volume of bitumen. The process of diffusion of carbon nanotubes in bitumen is carried out at a temperature of 100°C with the presence of a plasticizer. As a result of this operation, it is possible to achieve a uniform dispersion and distribution of nanoparticles in the volume of the carrier medium (plasticizer), which allows to the intensification of the processes of incorporating carbon nanotubes into the composite matrix. Achieving high performance of nanomodified PBA against layering and aging is explained by the processes occurring at the micro and nano levels. Along with the use of plasticizers, ultrasound is also used to introduce nanotubes into the bitumen to break up the nanotube agglomerates (entangled balls of hundreds of carbon nanotubes of different sizes held together by Van der Waals forces) and ensure their uniform distribution in the bitumen. The effect of nanomodified PBA asphalt concrete on strength and deformation properties was studied. It was found that the use of modified adhesives in asphalt-concrete mixtures increases the water resistance, heat resistance, and shear resistance of asphalt concrete.
Manufacturing technology of small-sized profile parts
Authors: Kluonis Alexander , Sergeev Denis , Marinin Evgeny
Published: October 2023

The paper considers the issues of processing small-sized profile parts, in particular, micro milling on a contour-milling machine with CNC. The technology of fixing small parts due to the adhesive connection is proposed. Calculations of the adhesive joint are carried out taking into account the coefficient of safety margin for shear resistance. Experimental studies of contour milling processing were also carried out, as a result of which recommendations were formulated on the choice of processing modes for copper alloy 99.5%Cu. The tool breakage limit is determined under the specified processing conditions. The possibility of using a combination of micro milling and electroerosion treatment is considered.
About the choice of the test method to clarify the actual working scheme of the beam
Authors: Perunov Aleksandr
Published: October 2023

This article discusses the problem of determining the actual scheme of a precast reinforced concrete frame of a building when performing engineering surveys. The method of connecting precast reinforced concrete structures in industrial buildings with heavy equipment plays an important role in assessing the stress state of building structures. It is not always possible to perform the opening of nodes in the conditions of existing production, since this requires stopping technological processes or dismantling equipment. The article discusses the possibilities of static and dynamic tests for the study of support units in precast reinforced concrete structures during engineering surveys. The possibilities of static and dynamic test methods are considered, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of these methods when evaluating support units in precast reinforced concrete structures of buildings and structures during surveys. As an example for the study, the case of determining the current structural scheme of a precast reinforced concrete floor using dynamic tests is considered. The article analyzes previous studies on the use of the dynamic method in determining the actual scheme of existing reinforced concrete structures of an industrial building. The results of theoretical studies and their comparison with experimental results are presented. The general conclusions based on the results of the study are formulated, and recommendations are given on the choice of a method of testing structures for cases of establishing a structural scheme of precast reinforced concrete crossbars in operated industrial buildings during survey work.
Methodology for choosing the best design solution in construction
Authors: Lisienkova Liubov , Nosova Lyudmila , Mitrofanova Irina , Rekus Irina
Published: October 2023

The article investigates amethodology for qualimetric evaluation of the design solutions and their quality. Qualimetric analysis makes it possible to improve the accuracy of quality evaluation and rationally choose the best design solution. A procedure for qualimetric evaluationas well as an algorithm for calculating weight coefficients and quality indicators have been developed. In the experimental part, a qualimetric analysis of three options for the project of an apartment building has been performed. A “quality tree” of the investigated object has been developed, weighting coefficients have been determined for each project quality indicator. The absolute, relative, and complex indicators of the quality of the assessed objects have been calculated, the best out of three options for the construction implementation has been determined. As a result, the methodology has been designed, tested, and formulated for further usage.
Advanced robotic process automation for enterprise efficiency
Authors: Yoqubjonov Jahongir , Gibadullin Ruslan , Nuriev Marat
Published: October 2023

Utilizing ELegant MAnagement Robotic Process Automation (ELMA RPA) for automating technological processes within an enterprise offers several advantages. Companies can enhance operational efficiency, save time, reduce errors, and streamline their operations by utilizing this advanced automation solution. ELMA RPA is an especially effective tool for tasks involving repetitive processes, like document management and administrative work. The incorporation of ELMA RPA allows businesses to take advantage of software robots, which are programmed to perform tasks with precision and consistency. Through the use of readout modes for interface elements, process modeling, and carefully designed algorithms, ELMA RPA allows for seamless interaction between various third-party programs. This not only enhances productivity but also allows companies to remain competitive in the ever-evolving business landscape. In summary, ELMA RPA is an essential tool for businesses looking to optimize their operations and capitalize on the benefits of process automation. This article describes principles and peculiarities of business process automation development using software robots using ELMA RPA product. The following are considered: readout modes of interface elements (methods that allow recording and accurately reproducing interaction between different third-party programs using their graphical interface), process modeling, and algorithm of the robot's actions. An example of the implementation of business process robotization in a leading consulting and auditing company is considered.
Approaches to management and digital hardware support of business processes of food facilities
Authors: Martynushkin Alexey , Lozovaya Oksana , Morozova Natalia , Polyakov Mikhail
Published: October 2023

The food industry is included in the process industries and is a strategically important sector of the Russian market economy, associated with processing, storage, distribution and marketing of products to consumers. The business processes of the studied industry are a form of communication and technological interaction of personnel to achieve the goals and objectives in the organization. In this industry with existing business models corresponding to their size, have different conditions for doing business, technical support for raw materials processing and the release of final products, availability or shortage of qualified personnel, different level, forms of support from state and municipal authorities. Building a process-oriented enterprise management structure concerns many traditional management approaches, however, many researchers suggest that with the development of digital economy technologies, many achievements of the scientific organization of work of domestic and foreign scientists. It should also be noted that any equipment has its own period of use, and many food industry enterprises in the Russian Federation have depreciation of production assets (more than 40%), unprofitability, insufficient support from regional and municipal authorities. As a result of these characteristics, the issue of ensuring the profitability of processing and marketing products, as well as ensuring that the needs of consumers are satisfied not only in the immediate environment, but also in other segments of the country's market, becomes acute for each head of the organization of the food industry, regardless of the size and form of ownership.
Platform economy: The path to sustainable development
Authors: Bisultanova Aza
Published: October 2023

This article explores the important role that the platform economy plays in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. In a rapidly evolving digital world, platforms are becoming powerful tools for providing access to resources, supporting economic growth, improving resource management and creating sustainable consumer patterns. The article examines the experiences of platform market leaders, the US and China, which represent different models of platform economy development. The article covers key aspects and differences in the experiences of both countries. In the US, platform development is democratic and competitive, whereas in China, centralised control and hyper-application play a key role in ecosystem development. The article concludes that the platform economy is a powerful tool to overcome the challenges of sustainable development and promote cooperation between different actors in addressing global issues. The article concludes that the platform economy is a powerful tool for overcoming the challenges of sustainable development and promoting multi-stakeholder co-operation in addressing global issues. It helps shape societal goals and promotes sustainable business models.
US and China pharmaceutical sector reaction to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Wang Haoyu , Markovskaya Elizaveta , Mottaeva Angela , Mottaeva Asiiat , Kolawole Shola Ojo
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the performance of pharmaceutical stocks in China and the United States, considering the changes in composite market index, market volatility and economic policy uncertainty. Volatility has been intensified in both markets. During two periods, before and in COVID time, the Chinese pharmaceutical sector mainly performs in connection with overall markets, and volatility from the EU stock market contributes sector changes during the COVID period, while the US sector exhibits a positive correlation with market volatility during the pandemic. Policy uncertainty is not a significant factor in markets within the COVID window. An asymmetric effect is found in both markets during the pandemic. The study’s findings provide investors, policy-makers' information to adopt effective strategies under different market situations in future public emergencies.
ESG standard’s as the basis for sustainable economic development
Authors: Nezhnikova Ekaterina , Chernyaev Maxim
Published: October 2023

ESG standards are based on the philosophy of sustainable development of economic activity, which follows the principles of a responsible attitude to the environment, high social responsibility, and high quality corporate governance. In Russia, the principles of ESG are less common than abroad, but they are already gradually being introduced into business. At the same time, the three categories of ESG are increasingly being integrated into investment analysis, processes and decision making. Many Russian companies are firmly integrated into the agenda by implementing numerous projects, as developed countries are pushing domestic companies to implement such standards to improve the image and investment attractiveness of companies. And here we should not forget about the importance of both climate change issues and corporate governance practices, as well as the efforts and achievements of companies in the field of ecology and social responsibility, which, on the one hand, is the matter of being responsible for the well-being of employees, and, on the other hand, is contribution into the development of the territories where such companies are located.
Establishing the impact of empty freight trains on the capacity railway lines
Authors: Masharipov Masud , Rasulov Marufdjan , Suyunbayev Shinpolat , Jumayev Sherzod , Bekmurodov Sardorbek
Published: October 2023

Currently, according to the standard schedule of Uzbekistan Railways JSC, the timing of departure, acceleration, and braking of freight trains is determined uniformly for different weight compositions on each section of the railway track. This, in turn, does not allow for an accurate assessment of the level of utilization of the existing permeability capacity of the railway section. In this study, the impact of accounting for the period of the schedule based on the proportion of freight trains of different weights in the movement schedule is examined with respect to the permeability capacity of railway sections. Uzbekistan Railways JSC has demonstrated that the existing permeability capacity of single-track and double-track railway sections can be increased by 7% and 5%, respectively, under existing operating conditions.
Ecological attitude and motivation as a factor of social health for the biosphere values of the individual
Authors: Bashkireva Tatiana , Bashkireva Anastasia , Shatokhina Larisa , Prutzkow Alexander , Morozov Alexander
Published: October 2023

The paper presents an analysis of the environmental motivation of the personality of young students as a factor in social health. The results of the study showed that young men, in interaction with nature, take an active life position aimed at the formation of bio-spheric values. The passive ecological motivation and attitude of girls is aimed at aesthetic contemplation of nature, but their ethical attitude towards harmony with nature ensures social well-being, and hence the social health of society. The positive development of bio-spheric values as a factor of social health depends on the rational, pragmatic ecological motivation and attitude of young men, as well as the ethical attitude of girls towards interacting with nature.
Regional strategic partnership’s development in the preparation of graduates of the university educational program “state and municipal administration”
Authors: Shevchenko Evgeny , Nazarenko Anton , Mukhoryanova Oksana , Svistunova Inna , Ivashova Valentina
Published: October 2023

The article presents the results of a study of the professional community’s request for universal competencies of graduates of the university program “State and Municipal Administration”. A theoretical review of modern publications in the subject area under study made it possible to assess important trends in the development of the competence profile of a modern specialist in the field of state and municipal administration. The study of the directions of strategic partnership in improving the graduates’ competence profile was carried out on the basis of an expert survey of 54 state and municipal employees of Stavropol Krai (Russia). The survey database was formed in the SPSS Statistics program (version 23), a factor analysis of 20 universal professional qualities was carried out; we identified latent characteristics of the success of professional adaptation and effective activity of graduates at the workplace. Research approaches to assessing areas of strategic partnership and understanding the professional community’s request for learning outcomes under the educational program “State and Municipal Administration” contribute to the information, analytical and methodological support of university education and socio-economic development of the region.
The art of creating the landscape and green architecture of a million city for the harmonious development of personality
Authors: Goryacheva Elena , Vlasova Irina , Lukyanov Rafael
Published: October 2023

Active modern construction in cities with millions of inhabitants, such as Rostov-on-Don, requires strict compliance with construction standards to ensure the safety of all aspects of urban space formation in compliance with the needs of the population and to harmonise the urban architectural and landscape environment along with the existing natural landscape. This process should be carried out within the framework of ecology, videoecology, and an artificial environment created by human hands, harmonising the formation and development of a inhabitants' personality. Includes a historical cross-section of the urban environment, that is, the preservation of historic buildings since the city's foundation. They are not only the history and pride of our native land, but also the basis of civic and patriotic education. Separate districts of the city and suburbs have historically formed in the commonwealth of two peoples, Russian and Armenian, who have lived in friendship and harmony all this time. Rostov is the gateway to the Caucasus. With the development of construction, the urban population is increasingly replenished with the migration of new people from the south of the country. At least a video-ecological comfortable environment that does not irritate a person is of great significance. Every visitor, if he has decided to become a resident of our city, should also feel comfort and tranquility in terms of his social security. A significant role in this is played by the videoecological psychophysiological environment of the city. Beautiful green architecture and a beautiful landscape with trees and bushes, colourful flower beds that not only please the eye, but also form a modern harmonious living space of the city, which is especially important in a digital society.
Exact and heuristic approaches for maximizing flows in UAV-enabled wireless cellular networks with multi-hop backhauls
Authors: Mhiri Mariem , Msakni Mohamed Kais , Hasna Mazen O. , Khattab Tamer , Haouari Mohamed
Published: October 2023

This paper investigates the problem of data routing in backhaul networks using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) to relay data from Small Cells (SCs) to the core network. The objective is to maximize the total fulfilled demand of data to be routed, while ensuring technical requirements such as hop constraints and edge capacity. The problem is formulated using a compact mixed-integer programming model, which can solve small- and medium-sized topologies. In addition, a fast constructive heuristic based on a maximal tree is developed to solve large-scale topologies, resulting in a significant reduction in CPU time. The quality of the heuristic is evaluated by using column generation for solving the linear programming relaxation of an exponential formulation. The computational study shows the effectiveness and value of the proposed compact model and constructive heuristic for various topology sizes. Furthermore, experiments demonstrate that by keeping the network setup constant and updating the demand vector only, the computational time of the compact model can be drastically reduced for all topology sizes.
Ultrasound assessment of brain supplying arteries (transcranial)
Authors: Gröschel Klaus , Harrer Judith U. , Schminke Ulf , Stegemann Emilia , Allendörfer Jens
Published: October 2023

Ultrasonography of intracranial arteries is a non-invasive and highly efficient method for the diagnosis and follow-up of patients with cerebrovascular diseases, also in the bedside setting of the critically ill. For reliable assessment and interpretation of sonographic findings, the technique requires – apart from dedicated anatomic and pathophysiological knowledge of cerebral arteries and their hemodynamics – the comprehension of alternative imaging modalities such as CT or MR angiography. This article reviews the transcranial color-coded duplex sonographic (TCCS) examination technique including the transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD) for a standardized ultrasound assessment of the intracranial arteries and typical pathological cases. As a complementary tool, transorbital ultrasound for the assessment of the optic nerve sheath diameter and adjacent structures is also described in this article.
CAC: aktueller Stand der Cardiac-Arrest-Zentren
Authors: Rott Nadine , Scholz Karl Heinrich , Busch Hans-Jörg , Frey Norbert , Kelm Malte , Thiele Holger , Böttiger Bernd W.
Published: October 2023

Cardiac-Arrest-Zentren (CAC) sind Krankenhäuser, die in besonderer Weise auf die Weiterbehandlung von prähospital reanimierten Patienten spezialisiert sind. In Deutschland wurden 2017,
weltweit erstmalig, Qualitätskriterien festgelegt und es sind aktuell bereits mehr als 100 Krankenhäuser als CAC zertifiziert. Auch in internationalen Leitlinien wird die Weiterbehandlung
dieser Patienten in einem CAC empfohlen. Studiendaten unterstreichen die Bedeutung der flächendeckenden Einführung dieser Kliniken, da sie einen positiven Einfluss auf das Überleben der
Patienten haben und Rettungsdienstpersonal eine begrenzte zusätzliche Transportzeit von 16,3 Minuten akzeptiert, um ein CAC zu erreichen.
Islet Like Cells Induced from Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells
with Neonatal Bovine Pancreatic Mesenchymal Exosomes for Treatment of Diabetes
Mellitus
Authors: Yun Feiyu , Zhaorigen Bayalige , Han Xia , Li Xin , Yun Sheng
Published: October 2023

To investigate the safety and efficacy of the islet-like cell (cell) induced from
human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UCMSC) with different methods for
the treatment of diabetic animal model. UCMSCs were induced to βcells
with cytokines (CY) and neonatal bovine pancreatic mesenchymal cell exosomes
(Ex) combined with CY (EX+CY). The insulin secretion of UCMSC and
βcell was measured with ELISA when the cells were growing in different
concentrations of glucose media for different times. UCMSCs (4×105) and
the same number of cells prepared with two methods were transplanted to type I
diabetic rat models. UCMSCs could be induced into islet βcells by CY or
EX+CY in vitro. The insulin secretion of the prepared β cells
growing in 25.0 mM glucose medium was over 5-fold of that in
6.0 mM glucose. The transplantation of the βcells to type I
diabetic rat models could reduce the blood glucose and prolong the survival
time. The β cells induced by EX+CY had much more significant
effects on decreasing blood glucose and increasing survival time
(p<0.01). The cells did not affect blood sugar level and had no serious
side-effects in human health. UCMSC could be induced to islet βcells
with either CY or EX+CY. The transplantation of the induced islet
βcells could reduce blood glucose and prolong the survival time of
diabetic animal models. Although the cells induced with EX+CY had more
significant effects on diabetic rats, they did not affect blood glucose level
and had no serious side-effects in human health.
Infektionsprävention & Hygiene bei Tuberkulose – Empfehlungen des DZK
Authors: Witte Peter , Arvand Mardjan , Barth Stefanie , Diel Roland , Friesen Inna , Gastmeier Petra , Häcker Brit , Hauer Barbara , Kuhns Martin , Nienhaus Albert , Otto-Knapp Ralf , Richter Elvira , Wischnewski Nicoletta , Ziegler Renate , Bauer Torsten
Published: October 2023

Die Vermeidung der Weiterverbreitung der Erkrankung ist ein wesentliches Ziel in der Betreuung und Behandlung von Tuberkulose. Für die Infektionsprävention von besonderer Bedeutung sind neben der frühzeitigen Diagnose und effektiven Therapien eine Isolierung ansteckungsfähiger Patientinnen und Patienten und adäquate Hygienemaßnahmen. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen ersetzen die bisherigen Empfehlungen „Infektionsprävention bei Tuberkulose“ aus dem Jahre 2012 und berücksichtigen die aktuellen nationalen und internationalen Empfehlungen und neue wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse. Nach einer Beschreibung der Infektion und der Übertragungswege werden die notwendigen Präventions- und Hygienemaßnahmen in Gesundheitseinrichtungen umfangreich dargestellt. Seit der letzten Überarbeitung der Empfehlungen zur Infektionsprävention wurden internationale Empfehlungen und die KRINKO-Empfehlung zur Beendigung der Isolierung geändert. In Übereinstimmung hiermit kann unter bestimmten Voraussetzungen bei sensibler Tuberkulose eine Entisolierung in Gesundheitseinrichtungen nach 14 Tagen ohne Berücksichtigung der Sputumbefunde erfolgen. Im zweiten Teil der Empfehlungen werden ausführlich die Maßnahmen in speziellen Situationen und Bereichen, wie Arztpraxen, Krankentransport und Pflegeeinrichtungen, erläutert. Hier wurden die Empfehlungen zum Atemschutz vereinfacht, für Personal wird eine FFP2-Maske nun generell als ausreichend erachtet.
Synthesis of 2-Aminopyridine-Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
Authors: Rozners Eriks , Kumpina Ilze , Baskevics Vladislavs , Walby Grant D. , Tessier Brandon R. , Saei Sara Farshineh , Ryan Christopher A. , MacKay James A. , Katkevics Martins
Published: October 2023

Triplex-forming peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) require chemical modifications for efficient sequence-specific recognition of DNA and RNA at physiological pH. Our research groups have developed 2-aminopyridine (M) as an effective mimic of protonated cytosine in C+•G-C triplets. M-modified PNAs have a high binding affinity and sequence specificity as well as promising biological properties for improving PNA applications. This communication reports the optimization of synthetic procedures that give PNA M monomer in seven steps, with minimal need for column chromatography and in good yields and high purity. The optimized route uses inexpensive reagents and easily performed reactions, which will be useful for the broad community of nucleic acid chemists. Thought has also been given to the potential for future development of industrial syntheses of M monomers.
Efficient Protosilylation of Unsaturated Compounds with Silylboronates over a Heterogeneous Cu3N Nanocube Catalyst
Authors: Mizugaki Tomoo , Xu Hang , Yamaguchi Sho , Mitsudome Takato
Published: October 2023

Copper-catalyzed protosilylation of unsaturated compounds with silylboronates has attracted attention for the production of organosilanes; however, the use of organic ligands or bases is unavoidable. Herein, we report a heterogeneous catalytic system for the protosilylation of unsaturated compounds with silylboronates under mild and additive-free conditions over copper nitride nanocubes (Cu3N NCs). This method can be applied to various substrates (e.g., alkynes, alkenes, or imines) to afford the corresponding organosilicon compounds. The Cu3N NC catalyst can be easily recovered and reused several times. Thus, the active and reusable Cu3N NC catalyst offers a green and sustainable method for efficient organosilane production.
Enoxaparin for Long-Term Therapy of Venous Thromboembolism in Patients with Cancer and Renal Insufficiency
Authors: Sigüenza Patricia , López-Núñez Juan J. , Falgá Conxita , Gómez-Cuervo Covadonga , Riera-Mestre Antoni , Gil-Díaz Aída , Verhamme Peter , Montenegro Ana Cristina , Barbagelata Cristina , Imbalzano Egidio , Monreal Manuel ,   the RIETE Investigators
Published: October 2023

Background The optimal therapy of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in cancer patients with renal insufficiency (RI) is unknown. Current guidelines recommend to use low-molecular-weight heparin over direct oral anticoagulants to treat VTE in cancer patients at high risk of bleeding.

Methods We used the Registro Informatizado Enfermedad Tromboemb00F3lica (RIETE) registry to compare the 6-month incidence rates of (1) VTE recurrences versus major bleeding and (2) fatal pulmonary embolism (PE) versus fatal bleeding in three subgroups (those with mild, moderate, or severe RI) of cancer patients receiving enoxaparin monotherapy.

Results From January 2009 through June 2022, 2,844 patients with RI received enoxaparin for ≥6 months: 1,432 (50%) had mild RI, 1,168 (41%) moderate RI, and 244 (8.6%) had severe RI. Overall, 68, 62, and 12%, respectively, received the recommended doses. Among patients with mild RI, the rates of VTE recurrences versus major bleeding (4.6 vs. 5.4%) and fatal PE versus fatal bleeding (1.3 vs. 1.2%) were similar. Among patients with moderate RI, VTE recurrences were half as common as major bleeding (3.1 vs. 6.3%), but fatal PE and fatal bleeding were close (1.8 vs. 1.2%). Among patients with severe RI, VTE recurrences were threefold less common than major bleeding (4.1 vs. 13%), but fatal PE was threefold more frequent than fatal bleeding (2.5 vs. 0.8%). During the first 10 days, fatal PE was fivefold more common than fatal bleeding (2.1 vs. 0.4%).

Conclusion Among cancer patients with severe RI, fatal PE was fivefold more common than fatal bleeding. The recommended doses of enoxaparin in these patients should be revisited.
Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome—Case Report: Diagnostic Role of Fetal Autopsy and Histopathology
Authors: Sharma Poornima , Kushwaha Shreya Singh , Dasgupta Suchandana , Bachani Sumitra
Published: October 2023

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate a case of Klippel–Trenaunay–Weber Syndrome (KTWS) diagnosed at 15 weeks of gestation.

Materials and Methods A 30-year-old G4P1L1A2 at 15 weeks gestation was detected with abnormal fetal right lower limb thickness and hypervascularity in both thighs. Multiseptated hypoechoic areas were detected involving skin and subcutaneous tissue of the left shoulder region, axilla, chest wall, and lower back region posteriorly extending into both lower limbs associated with cortical thickening of long bones of the lower limb. Significant subcutaneous thickening was present in the right foot along with a slow flow vascular malformation. The couple did not opt for any prenatal testing and continued the pregnancy.

Results The patient received routine antenatal care and at 27 weeks of gestation there was polyhydramnios with fetal demise. She delivered a macerated stillborn baby girl weighing 2.5 kg (>99th centile). Consent was obtained for external autopsy, fetal photographs, and tissue biopsy. The fetus was grossly macerated. The skin was hypertrophied and subcutaneous tissue along with bluish discoloration was present over the affected areas. Histopathology of fetal thigh tissue was suggestive of arteriovenous malformation compatible with a diagnosis of KTWS.

Conclusions KTWS has unique sonographic features. Confirmation can be done by clinical exome sequencing of amniotic fluid or fetal tissue.
Evaluation of the Rotational Stability of Directional Deep Brain Stimulation Leads: A Case Series and Systematic Review
Authors: Cavalloni Fabian , Brugger Florian , Kägi Georg , Naseri Yashar , Brogle Deborah , Bozinov Oliver , Bauer Ronald , Hägele-Link Stefan , Krüger Marie Therese
Published: October 2023

Background The rotational stability of directional deep brain stimulation leads is a major prerequisite for sustained clinical effects. Data on directional lead stability are limited and controversial.

Methods We aimed to evaluate the long-term rotational stability of directional leads and define confounding factors in our own population and the current literature. We retrospectively evaluated the orientation of directional leads in patients with available postoperative computed tomography (CT; T1; day of surgery) and an additional postoperative image (T2; CT or rotational fluoroscopy) performed more than 7 days after the initial scan. The potential impact of intracranial air was assessed. We also reviewed the literature to define factors impacting stability.

Results Thirty-six leads were evaluated. The mean follow-up between T1 and T2 was 413.3 (7–1,171) days. The difference in rotation between T1 and T2 was 2.444 ± 2.554 degrees (range: 0–9.0 degrees). The volume of intracranial air did not impact the rotation. The literature search identified one factor impacting the stability of directional leads, which is the amount of twist applied at implantation.

Conclusion Directional leads for deep brain stimulation show stable long-term orientation after implantation. Based on our literature review, large amounts of twist during implantation can lead to delayed rotation and should thus be avoided.
Electroencephalography as a Biomarker of Prognosis in Acute Brain Injury
Authors: Rubinos Clio , Bruzzone Maria Jose , Viswanathan Vyas , Figueredo Lorena , Maciel Carolina B. , LaRoche Suzette
Published: October 2023

Electroencephalography (EEG) is a noninvasive tool that allows the monitoring of cerebral brain function in critically ill patients, aiding with diagnosis, management, and prognostication. Specific EEG features have shown utility in the prediction of outcomes in critically ill patients with status epilepticus, acute brain injury (ischemic stroke, intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, and traumatic brain injury), anoxic brain injury, and toxic-metabolic encephalopathy. Studies have also found an association between particular EEG patterns and long-term functional and cognitive outcomes as well as prediction of recovery of consciousness following acute brain injury. This review summarizes these findings and demonstrates the value of utilizing EEG findings in the determination of prognosis.
A Study to Evaluate the Prevalence of Golden Percentage and Recurring Esthetic Dental Proportion among Young Individuals in Dakshina Kannada
Authors: Verma Ayush , Prasad D Krishna
Published: October 2023

This study was conducted with the aim of identifying the prevalence of recurring esthetic dental (RED) proportion and golden percentage among young individuals in Dakshina Kannada district. The study was conducted by analyzing digital photographs of 100 subjects on Adobe. The measurements were made using a digital ruler. After the measurements were completed, the data collected were statistically analyzed to determine the prevalence of either of the proportions. The result suggested the prevalence of RED proportion being significantly more (72.2%) than golden percentage (27.8%) among the young individuals of Dakshina Kannada population. Based on gender-wise distribution, golden percentage was more prevalent among females, whereas RED proportion was more prevalent among males. Within the scope and limitations of this study, it is suggested to use of RED proportion to design a harmonious smile.
The impact of mutual recognition of geographical indications on the quality upgrading of China’s agricultural exports
Authors: Qian Weiwen , Dong Yinguo , Liu Yuchen
Published: October 2023

Improving the quality of agricultural exports and increasing value–added trade is crucial for shaping new competitive advantages of agricultural exports, building a strong trading nation and achieving high–quality agricultural development. This study constructed a multi–time point difference–in–differences model to empirically test the effect and mechanism of the mutual recognition of geographical indications (GIs) between China and the European Union (EU) on the quality upgrading of China’s exported agricultural products from 2000 to 2016 based on theoretical analysis of the effect mechanism of GIs on agricultural product exports. The study determined that mutual GI recognition between China and the EU has effectively improved the quality of agricultural exports, with a greater effect on upgrading the quality of products from countries with high GIs endowment, quality frontier and large and medium–sized enterprises and labour–intensive products. The mechanism analysis revealed that mutual GI recognition between China and the EU can improve the quality of agricultural exports through specialisation agglomeration and cost-saving effects on the supply side and domestic demand upgrading and product recognition effects on the demand side. This study has important implications for further enriching quality improvement theory regarding agricultural products and presents a new approach for enhancing the quality improvement path of exported agricultural products that lack supply–side resources.