bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Affect Theory and Psychopharmacology
Authors: Nathanson Donald L , Pfrommer James M
Published: May 2014

Biology, psychology, and descriptive psychiatry are linked by their relation to the affect system; such an understanding allows greatly increased sophistication in our efforts to ameliorate certain unpleasant affective states.
Psychological Assessment by Computer: Potential Gains and Problems to Avoid
Authors: Butcher James N
Published: May 2014

Objective and automated personality assessment in mental health settings has advanced considerably over the past 30 years.
Prescribing Anxiolytics and Hypnotics for the Elderly
Authors: Ayd Frank J
Published: May 2014

Many physicians prescribe anxiolytics and hypnotics for the elderly without considering the impact of age on their therapeutic and adverse effects.
Managing Violent Patients Throughout the General Hospital: Some Clinical, Legal, and Administrative Concerns
Authors: Travin Sheldon , Bluestone Harvey
Published: May 2014

General hospitals are increasingly the central setting for the treatment of patients suffering from psychiatric disorders, including those who display violent behaviors.
Inward the Mind's I: Description, Diagnosis, and Treatment of Acute and Delayed LSD Hallucinations
Authors: Giannini A James
Published: May 2014

In staccato fashion, internally generated sensory perceptions occur at a rate of up to 20 hallucinations/distortions per minute.
LSD: History and Toxicity
Authors: Smith David E , Seymour Richard B
Published: May 2014

Today, there is growing concern over long-term posthallucinogen perceptual disorder.
Neuroimaging and the Diagnosis of Dementia
Authors: Eberling Jamie L , Jagust William J
Published: May 2014

Dementias that result from structural brain lesions, such as subdural hematoma, hydrocephalus, or tumor, may be completely reversible, especially if they are identified early
Medication Resistance, Response to ECT, and Prevention of Relapse
Authors: Prudic Joan M , Sackeim Harold A , Rifas Sheryl
Published: May 2014

Many, if not most, depressed patients who are now treated with ECT have failed adequate trials of antidepressant medications.
The IL18RAP Region Disease Polymorphism Decreases IL-18RAP/IL-18R1/IL-1R1 Expression and Signaling through Innate Receptor–Initiated Pathways
Authors: Hedl Matija , Zheng Shasha , Abraham Clara
Published: May 2014

Fine-tuning of cytokine-inducing pathways is essential for immune homeostasis. Consistently, a dysregulated increase or decrease in pattern-recognition receptor (PRR)-induced signaling and cytokine secretion can lead to inflammatory bowel disease. Multiple gene loci are associated with inflammatory bowel disease, but their functional effects are largely unknown. One such region in chromosome 2q12 (rs917997), also associated with other immune-mediated diseases, encompasses IL18RAP. We found that human monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) from rs917997 AA risk carriers secrete significantly less cytokines than G carriers upon stimulation of multiple PRRs, including nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2). We identified that IL-18 signaling through IL-18RAP was critical in amplifying PRR-induced cytokine secretion in MDMs. IL-18RAP responded to NOD2-initiated early, caspase-1–dependent autocrine IL-18, which dramatically enhanced MAPK, NF-κB, PI3K, and calcium signaling. Reconstituting MAPK activation was sufficient to rescue decreased cytokines in NOD2-stimulated IL-18RAP–deficient MDMs. Relative to GG carriers, MDM from rs917997 AA carriers had decreased expression of cell-surface IL-18RAP protein, as well as of IL-18R1 and IL-1R1, genes also located in the IL18RAP region. Accordingly, these risk-carrier MDMs show diminished PRR-, IL-18–, and IL-1–induced MAPK and NF-κB signaling. Taken together, our results demonstrate clear functional consequences of the rs917997 risk polymorphism; this polymorphism leads to a loss-of-function through decreased IL-18RAP, IL-18R1, and IL-1R1 protein expression, which impairs autocrine IL-18 and IL-1 signaling, thereby leading to decreased cytokine secretion in MDMs upon stimulation of a broad range of PRRs.
ATP Modulates Acute Inflammation In Vivo through Dual Oxidase 1–Derived H2O2 Production and NF-κB Activation
Authors: de Oliveira Sofia , López-Muñoz Azucena , Candel Sergio , Pelegrín Pablo , Calado Ângelo , Mulero Victoriano
Published: May 2014

Dual oxidase 1 (Duox1) is the NADPH oxidase responsible for the H2O2 gradient formed in tissues after injury to trigger the early recruitment of leukocytes. Little is known about the signals that modulate H2O2 release from DUOX1 and whether the H2O2 gradient can orchestrate the inflammatory response in vivo. In this study, we report on a dominant-negative form of zebrafish Duox1 that is able to inhibit endogenous Duox1 activity, H2O2 release and leukocyte recruitment after tissue injury, with none of the side effects associated with morpholino-mediated Duox1 knockdown. Using this specific tool, we found that ATP release following tissue injury activates purinergic P2Y receptors, and modulates Duox1 activity through phospholipase C (PLC) and intracellular calcium signaling in vivo. Furthermore, Duox1-derived H2O2 is able to trigger the NF-κB inflammatory signaling pathway. These data reveal that extracellular ATP acting as an early danger signal is responsible for the activation of Duox1 via a P2YR/PLC/Ca2+ signaling pathway and the production of H2O2, which, in turn, is able to modulate in vivo not only the early recruitment of leukocytes to the wound but also the inflammatory response through activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway.
Effects of nitrogen rate and application method on early production and fruit quality in highbush blueberry
Authors: Ehret David L. , Frey Brenda , Forge Tom , Helmer Tom , Bryla David R. , Zebarth Bernie J.
Published: May 2014

Ehret, D. L., Frey, B., Forge, T., Helmer, T., Bryla, D. R. and Zebarth, B. J. 2014. Effects of nitrogen rate and application method on early production and fruit quality in highbush blueberry. Can. J. Plant Sci. 94: 1165–1179. Proper nitrogen (N) fertilizer management of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) is of major importance in south-coastal British Columbia, but little information is available. A field study was conducted to examine the effects of N rate and method of application on growth, yield, and fruit quality in highbush blueberry during the first 4 yr after planting in south-coastal BC. Nitrogen was applied at 0–150% of current production guide rates either with three equal applications of broadcast granular ammonium sulphate each spring or by fertigation through the drip irrigation system with 10 equal applications of liquid ammonium sulphate injected every 2 wk from early spring to late summer each year. Yield increased with increasing N rate during the second and third years of fruit production. The yield response as well as flower number and plant size were greater with fertigation than with broadcast fertilizers. Fruit firmness also increased consistently with increased N rates, while fruit size either increased or decreased, depending on year. There were no effects of N on fruit oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), titratable acidity, or soluble solids. However, the composition of fruit anthocyanins changed, with concentrations of seven anthocyanins decreasing, and three others increasing, with N rate. In 2 of 3 yr, total anthocyanin concentration was greater in fertigated than in broadcast treatments. Soil ammonium and nitrate concentrations increased with N rate, but only soil nitrate differed between the two application methods. Soil nitrate was higher with fertigation than with granular fertilizers, particularly at the end of the season and when greater rates of N were applied. In summary, fertigation produced more shoot growth and greater yields with less N than broadcast applications of fertilizer.
Long-term tillage and synthetic fertilization affect soil functioning and crop yields in a corn–soybean rotation in eastern Canada
Authors: Ziadi Noura , Angers Denis A. , Gagnon Bernard , Lalande Roger , Morel Christian , Rochette Philippe , Chantigny Martin H.
Published: May 2014

Ziadi, N., Angers, D. A., Gagnon, B., Lalande, R., Morel, C., Rochette, P. and Chantigny, M. H. 2014. Long-term tillage and synthetic fertilization affect soil functioning and crop yields in a corn–soybean rotation in eastern Canada. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 365–376. Adoption of conservation practices can induce beneficial changes to soil properties and related crop yields in which magnitude varies according to soil and climatic conditions but usually increases with time. A long-term field experiment was initiated in 1992 at L'Acadie in southern Quebec on a clay loam soil to evaluate the effect of tillage [mouldboard plow (MP) vs. conservation (CT)], synthetic N fertilization (0, 80, and 160 kg N ha−1) and synthetic P fertilization (0, 17.5, and 35 kg P ha−1) on soil functioning and grain yields of a corn–soybean rotation. Soil tillage was performed every year while synthetic fertilizers were applied only to the corn. Results obtained 12 to 20 yr after initiation of the study indicated that CT enhanced organic C accumulation, NO3-N, P and K availability, microbial biomass and activity, and microbial community structure in the upper soil layer, likely due to leaving crop residues at the soil surface. The MP practice resulted in greater organic C content deeper, near the bottom of the plow layer, which promoted soil microbial activity at that depth. However, soil N2O emissions were not affected by tillage. The N and P fertilization increased the availability of these nutrients, but had no significant effect on the soil microbial biomass, activity, and structure. Linear relationships were established between soil available P and cumulative P budgets obtained under MP or 0 kg P ha−1 under CT. Crop yields varied by year in this study but on average, MP yielded 10% more corn and 13% more soybeans than CT. Corn yield increased linearly with added synthetic N each year, whereas soybean yield was little affected by residual N, and both crops did not respond to fertilizer P. Response to N fertilization did not differ due to tillage or P. Despite higher costs associated with plowing, the profitability of MP was greater than CT on this clay loam soil due to greater yields. Specialized management practices (e.g., delayed planting, better herbicide selection, fall cover crop, in-row tillage) might help to improve CT performance on these cool, humid fine-textured soils.
The responses of early foliar litter humification to reduced snow cover during winter in an alpine forest
Authors: Ni Xiangyin , Yang Wanqin , Li Han , Xu Liya , He Jie , Tan Bo , Wu Fuzhong
Published: May 2014

Ni, X., Yang, W., Li, H., Xu, L., He, J., Tan, B. and Wu, F. 2014. The responses of early foliar litter humification to reduced snow cover during winter in an alpine forest. Can. J. Soil Sci. 94: 453–461. Snow cover can be reduced by ongoing winter warming in alpine biomes, affecting foliar litter humification, but few reports are available. To quantitatively clarify how early foliar litter humification responds to reduced snow cover in winter, a field litterbag experiment was conducted in an alpine forest in southwestern China. Mass losses, ΔlogK, E4/E6, degrees of humification and humification rates of six typical local foliar litters were investigated at the snow formation, snow cover and snow melt stage under snowpack levels differing in depth (deep snowpack, medium snowpack, thin snowpack, no snowpack) from November 2012 to April 2013. The results indicated that 14–15% of willow (Salix paraplesia), 8–9% of fir (Abies faxoniana), 6–7% of birch (Betula albo-sinensis), 5–8% of cypress (Sabina saltuaria), larch (Larix mastersiana) and azalea (Rhododendron lapponicum) foliar litter was humified, which was about 50% of what decomposed during the first winter. Moreover, the early humification of foliar litter (except for fir and birch) responded positively to the reduced snow cover, but mass loss exhibited negative responses. Such results suggest that reduced snow cover in winter would increase soil carbon or other material sequestration in the scenario of climate change.
Water Filter Provision and Home-Based Filter Reinforcement Reduce Diarrhea in Kenyan HIV-Infected Adults and Their Household Members
Authors: Pavlinac Patricia B. , Naulikha Jaqueline M. , Chaba Linda , Kimani Naomi , Sangaré Laura R. , Yuhas Krista , Singa Benson O. , John-Stewart Grace , Walson Judd L.
Published: May 2014

Among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) -infected adults and children in Africa, diarrheal disease remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality. We evaluated the effectiveness of provision and home-based reinforcement of a point-of-use water filtration device to reduce diarrhea among 361 HIV-infected adults in western Kenya by comparing prevalence of self-reported diarrhea before and after these interventions. After provision of the filter, 8.7% of participants reported diarrhea compared with 17.2% in the 3 months before filter provision (odds ratio [OR] = 0.39, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.23–0.66, P < 0.001). The association was similar among 231 participants who were already taking daily cotrimoxazole prophylaxis before being given a filter (OR = 0.47, 95% CI = 0.25–0.88, P = 0.019). Educational reinforcement was also associated with a modest reduction in self-reported diarrhea (OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.20–0.99, P = 0.047). Provision and reinforcement of water filters may confer significant benefit in reducing diarrhea among HIV-infected persons, even when cotrimoxazole prophylaxis is already being used.
El control de la presión arterial en la consulta de enfermedad renal crónica
Authors: Cirera Segura Francisco , Pérez Baena Álvaro , Sánchez Flores Nuria , Martín Espejo Jesús Lucas
Published: May 2014

Nos propusimos valorar los resultados obtenidos, tras la formación e intervenciones de enfermería realizadas para mejorar la presión arterial, en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada.
Material y Método
Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, de 6 meses de duración. Se estudiaron todos los pacientes incidentes
en la consulta de enfermedad renal crónica avanzada. Se recogieron los datos relacionados con la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada y su evolución, en la consulta inicial, a los tres y seis meses.
Resultados
La muestra la formaron un total de 148 pacientes, de los cuales el 60,8% eran hombres. La edad media fue
68,7 ± 14,8 años.
Evaluamos los cambios en las constantes vitales relacionadas con la presión arterial a lo largo del estudio,
obteniendo diferencias signifi cativas para la presión arterial sistólica (p
Percepción de la calidad de vida referida por el paciente adulto trasplantado renal
Authors: Durán Muñoz Mª Isabel , Lope Andrea Teresa , Pino Jurado Mª Rosario , Chicharro Chicharro María Cristina , Matilla Villar Elisa
Published: May 2014

La percepción personal de un individuo de su situación de vida, dentro del contexto cultural y de valores en el que vive, y en relación con sus objetivos, expectativas, valores e intereses, se denomina, calidad de vida.
Como en estudios de pacientes crónicos, los factores más influyentes en la percepción de la calidad de vida, se
clasifican en: paciente, medicamento, enfermedad y calidad de la interacción entre paciente y sistema sanitario.
Objetivos:
Describir la percepción que tienen los pacientes sobre su calidad de vida, e identifi car factores que infl uyen en esta percepción.
Material y métodos:
Estudio descriptivo transversal en pacientes adultos, con trasplante renal, que acuden a nuestra consulta hospitalaria y son autosufi cientes en el tratamiento.
Todos los pacientes han recibido charlas grupales sobre el manejo de su tratamiento antes del alta.
Recogida de datos con cuestionario anónimo autoadministrado:
Escala validada: cuestionario de salud SF-12 (versión 2), durante 4 meses.
Se excluyeron pacientes que rechazaron participar y que necesitaban ayuda en el manejo del tratamiento. Se estimó
un tamaño muestral de 222 pacientes. Variables dependientes: Calidad de vida. Variables independientes:
Factores socio-demográfi cos, tipo inmunosupresores, educación sanitaria recibida por profesionales de la salud.
Se solicitó consentimiento informado y se obtuvo informe favorable del Comité Ético de Investigación Clínica.
Resultados:
Participaron 209 pacientes. Edad media 55,2(±12,15) rango 21-80 años, siendo el 61,8 % hombres. El 42%
eran jubilados, el 38,2% tenían estudios secundarios, el 71% convivían en pareja.
El inmunosupresor más utilizado: Micofenolato de sodio (MYFORTIC®) (65,5%) y el 46,7% tomaban dos inmunosupresores.
La información sanitaria sobre efectos secundarios la consideran insuficiente un 20,5%.
La media de la percepción de la calidad de vida es de 44,72±8,11 para el componente físico y 47,47±8,8 para el componente mental.
Discusión:
Los pacientes que llevan menos tiempo trasplantados refieren una mejor percepción de la calidad de vida.
Debemos tomar medidas de mejora en la educación sanitaria sobre efectos adversos.
Las charlas grupales informativas antes del alta del paciente creemos que han sido efectivas para la mejora
del cumplimiento del tratamiento y en consecuencia para la mejora de su calidad de vida.
Programa de hemodiálisis diaria domiciliaria. Alternativa con futuro
Authors: Fernández-Prado Encarnación
Published: May 2014

Los beneficios de la HD diaria y la participación del paciente crónico en su propio tratamiento son bien conocidos. Gracias a la seguridad y efi cacia que hoy en día nos ofrecen los monitores de diálisis y los equipos de tratamiento de agua, se vuelve a contemplar la HD domiciliaría como una alternativa más al tratamiento renal sustitutivo. Presentamos la experiencia de 8 años, de una modalidad de diálisis poco frecuente en nuestro entorno: Hemodiálisis Diaria Domiciliaria (HD-DD). Describimos: • La organización para su puesta en marcha. • Planifi cación del entrenamiento. • Pauta de hemodiálisis. • Seguimiento e incidencias. • Analizamos resultados clínicos y analíticos antes de iniciar con HD-DD y al año.
A patente como objeto de pesquisa em Ciências da Informação e Comunicação
Authors: Quoniam Luc , Kniess Claudia Terezinha , Mazzieri Marcos Rogério
Published: May 2014

Nesse estudo são abordadas algumas dimensões da propriedade intelectual, especialmente a patente e sua forma de tornar tangível alguns resultados dos processos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, desempenhando papel fundamental no campo da estratégia, envolvendo os retornos sobre investimentos e os direitos para exploração de determinadas invenções. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral desse estudo é apresentar aspectos relacionados as informações disponíveis nos pedidos de patentes e a possibilidade de usá-las para transferir tecnologia entre países e organizações, como também contribuir com a pesquisa de responsabilidade social, valorizar recursos naturais e dar acesso a medicamentos, uma vez serem esses, aspectos pouco abordados pela literatura. Considerando-se a patente como objeto de estudo em ciências humanas e sociais, evidencia-se por meio dos casos citados, o potencial de contribuição para a inovação, pesquisa e desenvolvimento de organizações, regiões e países.
A regional CO2 observing system simulation experiment for the ASCENDS Satellite Mission
Authors: Wang J. S. , Kawa S. R. , Eluszkiewicz J. , Baker D. F. , Mountain M. , Henderson J. , Nehrkorn T. , Zaccheo T. S.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Top-down estimates of the spatiotemporal variations in emissions and uptake of CO2 will benefit from the increasing measurement density brought by recent and future additions to the suite of in situ and remote CO2 measurement platforms. In particular, the planned NASA Active Sensing of CO2 Emissions over Nights, Days, and Seasons (ASCENDS) satellite mission will provide greater coverage in cloudy regions, at high latitudes, and at night than passive satellite systems, as well as high precision and accuracy. In a novel approach to quantifying the ability of satellite column measurements to constrain CO2 fluxes, we use a portable library of footprints (surface influence functions) generated by the WRF-STILT Lagrangian transport model in a regional Bayesian synthesis inversion. The regional Lagrangian framework is well suited to make use of ASCENDS observations to constrain fluxes at high resolution, in this case at 1° latitude × 1° longitude and weekly for North America. We consider random measurement errors only, modeled as a function of mission and instrument design specifications along with realistic atmospheric and surface conditions. We find that the ASCENDS observations could potentially reduce flux uncertainties substantially at biome and finer scales. At the 1° × 1°, weekly scale, the largest uncertainty reductions, on the order of 50%, occur where and when there is good coverage by observations with low measurement errors and the a priori uncertainties are large. Uncertainty reductions are smaller for a 1.57 μm candidate wavelength than for a 2.05 μm wavelength, and are smaller for the higher of the two measurement error levels that we consider (1.0 ppm vs. 0.5 ppm clear-sky error at Railroad Valley, Nevada). Uncertainty reductions at the annual, biome scale range from ∼40% to ∼75% across our four instrument design cases, and from ∼65% to ∼85% for the continent as a whole. Our uncertainty reductions at various scales are substantially smaller than those from a global ASCENDS inversion on a coarser grid, demonstrating how quantitative results can depend on inversion methodology. The a posteriori flux uncertainties we obtain, ranging from 0.01 to 0.06 Pg C yr−1 across the biomes, would meet requirements for improved understanding of long-term carbon sinks suggested by a previous study.
Suitability of modelled and remotely sensed essential climate variables for monitoring Euro-Mediterranean droughts
Authors: Szczypta C. , Calvet J.-C. , Maignan F. , Dorigo W. , Baret F. , Ciais P.
Published: May 2014

Abstract. Two new remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) and surface soil moisture (SSM) satellite-derived products are compared with two sets of simulations of the ORganizing Carbon and Hydrology In Dynamic EcosystEms (ORCHIDEE) and Interactions between Soil, Biosphere and Atmosphere, CO2-reactive (ISBA-A-gs) land surface models. We analyse the interannual variability over the period 1991–2008. The leaf onset and the length of the vegetation growing period (LGP) are derived from both the satellite-derived LAI and modelled LAI. The LGP values produced by the photosynthesis-driven phenology model of ISBA-A-gs are closer to the satellite-derived LAI and LGP than those produced by ORCHIDEE. In the latter, the phenology is based on a growing degree day model for leaf onset, and on both climatic conditions and leaf life span for senescence. Further, the interannual variability of LAI is better captured by ISBA-A-gs than by ORCHIDEE. In order to investigate how recent droughts affected vegetation over the Euro-Mediterranean area, a case study addressing the summer 2003 drought is presented. It shows a relatively good agreement of the modelled LAI anomalies with the observations, but the two models underestimate plant regrowth in the autumn. A better representation of the root-zone soil moisture profile could improve the simulations of both models. The satellite-derived SSM is compared with SSM simulations of ISBA-A-gs only, as ORCHIDEE has no explicit representation of SSM. Overall, the ISBA-A-gs simulations of SSM agree well with the satellite-derived SSM and are used to detect regions where the satellite-derived product could be improved. Finally, a correspondence is found between the interannual variability of detrended SSM and LAI. The predictability of LAI is less pronounced using remote sensing observations than using simulated variables. However, consistent results are found in July for the croplands of the Ukraine and southern Russia.
El personaje en Esopo y Augusto Monterroso
Authors: Jaén Emmanuel
Published: May 2014

El presente escrito es una aproximación al análisis de los personajes en las fábulas de Esopo y de Augusto Monterroso. La historia de la literatura nos enseña que el primer autor sirve de referencia e influencia al segundo. En el caso de Monterroso sus fábulas muestran variaciones y alejamientos de la tradición Esópica. Por tanto, se trata de establecer aquí y en un breve número de fábulas de ambos autores, las características pertinentes de los personajes y se constata asimismo, la existencia de similitudes o diferencias y por supuesto, la función que de ello se deriva. Se seleccionó para este propósito las siguientes obras: Fábulas esópicas, de Esopo; y La oveja negra y demás fábulas; de Augusto Monterroso. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1416 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 77-93
Uso de recursos multimedia para potenciar el aprendizaje de los estudiantes del noveno grado en la asignatura de electricidad en el Centro de Investigación e Innovación Educativas de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán. (CIIE UPNFM)
Authors: Nolasco Argueta Javier Antonio
Published: May 2014

Este artículo presenta los resultados de la Investigación Educativa basada en las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, con el uso de recursos multimedios como elementos didácticos que potencian el aprendizaje en los estudiantes del noveno grado en la asignatura de electricidad básica, en el Centro de Investigación e Innovación Educativas de la UPNFM, en el año 2012. También se presenta el guión metodológico utilizado para analizar y procesar los datos obtenidos al final del período de intervención didáctica así como interpretación de esos datos producto de una planificación exhaustiva. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1417 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 95-108
La enseñanza de la literatura en la modalidad de educación a distancia: una mirada desde sus actores en la Sede de Comayagua del Centro Universitario de Educación a Distancia de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional Francisco Morazán
Authors: Ochoa Pineda Maida Rosibel
Published: May 2014

La modalidad de educación a distancia presupone las estrategias para la formación de estudiantes autónomos e independientes en sus aprendizajes; con la tarea del docente de planificar los cursos; seleccionar textos y materiales de estudio; escoger estrategias de aprendizaje y preparar las pruebas, entre otras. Por otro lado se resalta el auge que en las últimas décadas han alcanzado los sistemas a distancia, por las posibilidades que brindan a más adultos con compromisos familiares y de trabajo, de alcanzar un título universitario. Con la revisión de las actuales formas de enseñanza de la Literatura en la Sede del CUED en Comayagua en su tarea de la formación de docentes, se describe el rol del tutor; la participación del alumno; los recursos utilizados, las formas de mediación didáctica y las características de la sede, elementos de un sistema contemporáneo de educación a distancia. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i32.1418 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 32; 109-134
Luces y sombras de la política de educación intercultural bilingüe en Honduras
Authors: Ulloa Ricardo Morales , Magalhães António M
Published: May 2014

Tomando en cuenta la gran diversidad de lenguas y culturas en América Latina, con propósitos de cristianización y de hispanización durante la colonia española se utilizaron medidas como la utilización de lenguas gestuales, el uso de intérpretes de linguas francas (nahuatl y quechua) y la enseñanza religiosa en lenguas vernáculas, consideradas “inferiores” pero útiles para tal propósite. Posteriormente, las independencias latinoamericanas, en su afán de construir los estados nacionales unitarios establecieron políticas que solamente reconocían la lengua castellana y consideraron que las culturas originarias, diferentes del imaginario nacional blancomestizo, eran obstáculos para el desarrollo del Estado moderno. De esta manera, más allá de su secular discriminación y marginalidad, los pueblos culturalmente diferenciados fueron oficialmente invisibilizados hasta los años 1960, cuando surge el reclamo por una ciudadanía basada en los derechos culturales, este hito marca el inicio de los programas de educación bilingüe- intercultural. Esta comunicación analiza las características de esta política en Honduras, sus luces y sus sombras y los retos que tiene aún por delante para conformar la nación hondureña diversa e incluyente. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i33.1422 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 33; 9-22
La oportunidad de convertirme en una investigadora del quehacer educativo: vivencias de una investigación-acción
Authors: Cárcamo López Luz María
Published: May 2014

Convertirse en un investigador desde una propuesta sustentada en la investigación-acción es transitar por el cuestionamiento, la transformación, la toma decisiones reflexivas aceptando la responsabilidad de las mismas, es estar abierto al aprendizaje, la búsqueda constante, la incertidumbre, la curiosidad, la creatividad y la crítica, pero sobre todo amar lo que se hace en aras de en conjunto generar propuestas de acción oportunas, coherentes con la realidad, fundamentadas en la mejor información disponible y sujetas a la transformación permanente derivada de la reflexión. El presente artículo representa la síntesis de un experiencia de investigaciónacción sustentado en la premisa ontológica de que además de ser inevitable el cambio reflexivo-activo es necesario, en tanto constituye el medio para enriquecer el saber y el hacer pedagógico, basada en una constante construcción, reconstrucción y transformación de la realidad mediante el cuestionamiento crítico y la reflexion permanente. En especial cuando el diálogo, la observación, la reflexión y el cuestionamiento son las herramientas utilizadas, que permiten poco a poco desarrollar conciencia acerca de nuestros propios actos en el aula. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i33.1424 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 33; 51-77
Ventajas del uso de la Tecnología en el aula de Clases
Authors: Días Miguel
Published: May 2014

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/paradigma.v20i33.1426 Paradigma: Revista de Investigación Educativa. Año 20. No. 33; 91-102
Development of a Five-Day Basic Microsurgery Simulation Training Course: A Cost Analysis
Authors: Singh Masha , Ziolkowski Natalia , Ramachandran Savitha , Myers Simon R , Ghanem Ali Mahmoud
Published: May 2014

The widespread use of microsurgery in numerous surgical fields has increased the need for basic microsurgical training outside of the operating room. The traditional start of microsurgical training has been in undertaking a 5-day basic microsurgery course. In an era characterised by financial constraints in academic and healthcare institutions as well as increasing emphasis on patient safety, there has been a shift in microsurgery training to simulation environments. This paper reviews the stepwise framework of microsurgical skill acquisition providing a cost analysis of basic microsurgery courses in order to aid planning and dissemination of microsurgical training worldwide.
Robotic Microsurgery Optimization
Authors: Brahmbhatt Jamin V , Gudeloglu Ahmet , Liverneaux Philippe , Parekattil Sijo J
Published: May 2014

The increased application of the da Vinci robotic platform (Intuitive Surgical Inc.) for microsurgery has led to the development of new adjunctive surgical instrumentation. In microsurgery, the robotic platform can provide high definition 12×-15× digital magnification, broader range of motion, fine instrument handling with decreased tremor, reduced surgeon fatigue, and improved surgical productivity. This paper presents novel adjunctive tools that provide enhanced optical magnification, micro-Doppler sensing of vessels down to a 1-mm size, vein mapping capabilities, hydro-dissection, micro-ablation technology (with minimal thermal spread-CO2 laser technology), and confocal microscopy to provide imaging at a cellular level. Microsurgical outcomes from the use of these tools in the management of patients with infertility and chronic groin and testicular pain are reviewed. All these instruments have been adapted for the robotic console and enhance the robot-assisted microsurgery experience. As the popularity of robot-assisted microsurgery grows, so will its breadth of instrumentation.
Nanotechnology Biomimetic Cartilage Regenerative Scaffolds
Authors: Lim Erh-Hsuin , Sardinha Jose Paulo , Myers Simon
Published: May 2014

Cartilage has a limited regenerative capacity. Faced with the clinical challenge of reconstruction of cartilage defects, the field of cartilage engineering has evolved. This article reviews current concepts and strategies in cartilage engineering with an emphasis on the application of nanotechnology in the production of biomimetic cartilage regenerative scaffolds. The structural architecture and composition of the cartilage extracellular matrix and the evolution of tissue engineering concepts and scaffold technology over the last two decades are outlined. Current advances in biomimetic techniques to produce nanoscaled fibrous scaffolds, together with innovative methods to improve scaffold biofunctionality with bioactive cues are highlighted. To date, the majority of research into cartilage regeneration has been focused on articular cartilage due to the high prevalence of large joint osteoarthritis in an increasingly aging population. Nevertheless, the principles and advances are applicable to cartilage engineering for plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Mise à jour d’une adaptation canadienne-française des règles de publication de l’APA : typographie et présentation des références
Authors: Raîche Gilles , Noël-Gaudreault Monique
Published: May 2014

Cet article a pour objectif de proposer une adaptation mise à jour, pour le Canada francophone, de la 6e version des règles de publication de l’American psychological Association au regard de la typographie ainsi que des règles de présentation des références. Cette adaptation s’inspire des pratiques de rédaction en langue française adoptées au cours des dernières années par différents organismes et instances, ou soutenues par différents standards. Les choix effectués sont justifiés et des exemples de présentation des références, aussi bien à l’intérieur du texte qu’à la section des références, permettent d’illustrer ces choix. De plus, ces exemples montrent comment effectuer la présentation des références dans une langue autre que le français.
Albums destinés à la petite enfance et questionnement existentiel : herméneutique d’oeuvres formatrices
Authors: Hétier Renaud
Published: May 2014

Une des grandes particularités du monde moderne est sa complexité et sa forme informelle. Les réponses qu’on cherche à cette complexité sont elles-mêmes très diverses. L’enjeu est alors, en éducation, de repérer des réponses culturelles pertinentes. Il s’agira ici, à partir d’un corpus restreint d’oeuvres de littérature de jeunesse destinées à la petite enfance, d’évaluer des configurations structurantes. Nous verrons que des récits très variés soutiennent des réponses substantielles et accessibles à des interrogations fondamentales. La littérature de jeunesse ouvre ainsi, concrètement et sensiblement, une voie pour l’inscription des jeunes enfants dans le monde.
Des sentiments aux connaissances littéraires : travail de transaction des mots, construction des valeurs au primaire et analyse de corpus
Authors: Champagne-Vergez Martine
Published: May 2014

L’enseignant, passeur privilégié d’oeuvres littéraires, initie, à leur propos, une médiation par le biais du travail des mots, notamment d’ordre esthétique et émotionnel. Comment l’expression de l’émotion esthétique participe-t-elle de ce qui s’apprend durant les activités littéraires scolaires ? Quelle est la relation entre les sentiments et la construction des valeurs ? Notre étude repose sur trois corpus oraux et écrits, recueillis en fin d’école primaire en France (5eannée). L’observation des actions langagières se situe à l’endroit des reprises discursives du débat interprétatif. Dans certains cas, des transactions, co-élaborées par les élèves et l’enseignant, à l’oral comme à l’écrit, portent la trace de cette élaboration des savoirs et des valeurs.
L’Acadie et le Québec : convergences et divergences
Authors: Martineau France
Published: May 2014

Cet article porte sur l’articulation entre les usages et les représentations qui émergent au Québec et en Acadie au XIXe siècle, dans un contexte sociopolitique où se redéfinissent les communautés canadiennes-françaises. À partir de l’examen d’un corpus de correspondance familiale et de discours métalinguistiques, nous montrons que les variétés linguistiques en Acadie et dans la vallée du Saint-Laurent durant le XIXe siècle partagent de nombreux traits, largement caractéristiques de ceux ayant cours avant la Révolution française ; toutefois, les commentaires sociolinguistiques tendent à gommer la convergence entre usages acadiens et laurentiens, au profit de la filiation française.
L’activité lexicographique en Acadie des Maritimes : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Gauvin Karine
Published: May 2014

Le présent bilan vise à dresser un portrait d’ensemble de l’activité lexicographique en Acadie, en examinant les choix méthodologiques des auteurs et les représentations qu’ils entretiennent de la variété de français qu’ils décrivent. L’étude du paratexte de la vingtaine d’ouvrages présentés révèle que la variété privilégiée demeure encore, à ce jour, le français acadien traditionnel, d’où la propension des auteurs à se pencher sur la question des origines. Cet intérêt marqué pour une variété presque disparue prend son sens dans le cadre d’un discours cherchant à légitimer le français acadien en contexte minoritaire. Toutefois, les pratiques lexicales contemporaines sont encore très peu décrites et demeurent, de ce fait, mal connues.
Le Centre culturel Aberdeen : territoire acadien en milieu minoritaire
Authors: Keating Kelle L.
Published: May 2014

Depuis une trentaine d’années, le Centre culturel Aberdeen de Moncton est connu en tant qu’espace francophone dédié à la création et à la collaboration artistiques acadiennes. Dans le présent texte, nous décrirons comment ce centre sert de territoire linguistique revendiqué dans un milieu minoritaire où l’anglais est la langue légitime sur le marché linguistique local. Nous montrerons comment le Centre, en tant qu’institution culturelle acadienne, participe à faire société par le biais de la régionalisation, de la médiation entre francophones et anglophones et de l’établissement d’une voix publique des acteurs sociaux acadiens. Ensuite, nous examinerons le discours de ces acteurs sociaux vis-à-vis de leur participation au marché artistique francophone du Canada. Nous proposons que les enjeux auxquels le Centre fait face à l’ère de la mondialisation sont emblématiques de ceux qui se posent à d’autres institutions et acteurs dans les sociétés minoritaires du Canada francophone.
MELK is an oncogenic kinase essential for mitotic progression in basal-like breast cancer cells
Authors: Wang Yubao , Lee Young-Mi , Baitsch Lukas , Huang Alan , Xiang Yi , Tong Haoxuan , Lako Ana , Von Thanh , Choi Christine , Lim Elgene , Min Junxia , Li Li , Stegmeier Frank , Schlegel Robert , Eck Michael J , Gray Nathanael S , Mitchison Timothy J , Zhao Jean J
Published: May 2014

Despite marked advances in breast cancer therapy, basal-like breast cancer (BBC), an aggressive subtype of breast cancer usually lacking estrogen and progesterone receptors, remains difficult to treat. In this study, we report the identification of MELK as a novel oncogenic kinase from an in vivo tumorigenesis screen using a kinome-wide open reading frames (ORFs) library. Analysis of clinical data reveals a high level of MELK overexpression in BBC, a feature that is largely dependent on FoxM1, a master mitotic transcription factor that is also found to be highly overexpressed in BBC. Ablation of MELK selectively impairs proliferation of basal-like, but not luminal breast cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, depletion of MELK in BBC cells induces caspase-dependent cell death, preceded by defective mitosis. Finally, we find that Melk is not required for mouse development and physiology. Together, these data indicate that MELK is a normally non-essential kinase, but is critical for BBC and thus represents a promising selective therapeutic target for the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer.
Europa Clipper Mission Concept: Exploring Jupiter's Ocean Moon
Authors: Phillips Cynthia B. , Pappalardo Robert T.
Published: May 2014

The ice‐covered world Europa—one of the four large Galilean satellites of Jupiter—may be the best place in the solar system to look for currently existing life beyond Earth.
Unmanned Research Vessel Lost on Deep Sea Dive
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: May 2014

Nereus, a one‐of‐a‐kind unmanned hybrid remotely operated vehicle (HROV) that had allowed scientists to explore the deepest parts of the ocean, was confirmed lost at 2:00 p.m. local New Zealand time on 10 May, according to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), which designed and operated the vehicle.
Vadim C. Mushtak (1947–2013)
Authors: Williams E. , Mushtak N. , Temidis E. , Galyuk Y. P. , Nickolaenko A. P.
Published: May 2014

Vadim Constantinovich Mushtak, renowned for his work in radio physics and atmospheric electricity, died on 25 September 2013 in an automobile accident in Walker Valley, N.Y. He was 65. Vadim was a world expert in extremely low frequency (ELF) wave propagation and the Earth's naturally occurring Schumann resonances (SR)—quasi‐standing electromagnetic waves trapped in the Earth‐ionosphere cavity.
Drilling to Resolve the Evolution of the Corinth Rift
Authors: McNeill Lisa , Sakellariou Dimitris , Nixon Casey
Published: May 2014

The initiation and evolution of continental rifting, ultimately leading to rifted margin and ocean basin formation, are major unanswered questions in solid Earth–plate tectonics. Many previous insights have come from mature rifted margins where activity has ceased or from computer models. The Gulf of Corinth Rift in central Greece presents an ideal laboratory for the study of young, highly active rifting that complements other rift zones (e.g., the East African and Gulf of California rifts). Exposure and preservation of syn‐rift stratigraphy, high rates of extension, and an existing network of offshore seismic data offer a unique opportunity to constrain the rift history and basin development at exceptionally high resolution in the Gulf of Corinth.
How do tectonic plates deform? A case study from eastern Anatolia
Authors: Schultz Colin
Published: May 2014

The theory of plate tectonics, despite all its accomplishments, still has some sizeable gaps. For instance, scientists are not sure whether to treat tectonic plates as rigid elastic slabs or more as viscous wafers overlain by a thin brittle layer. A new study of the Anatolian plate by Cavalié and Jónsson should bring researchers a step closer to settling this debate.
Adaptive backstepping repetitive learning control design for nonlinear discrete‐time systems with periodic uncertainties
Authors: Zhu Qiao , Xu Jian‐Xin , Yang Shiping , Hu Guang‐Da
Published: May 2014

This paper addresses a tracking problem for uncertain nonlinear discrete‐time systems in which the uncertainties, including parametric uncertainty and external disturbance, are periodic with known periodicity. Repetitive learning control (RLC) is an effective tool to deal with periodic unknown components. By using the backstepping procedures, an adaptive RLC law with periodic parameter estimation is designed. The overparameterization problem is overcome by postponing the parameter estimation to the last backstepping step, which could not be easily solved in robust adaptive control. It is shown that the proposed adaptive RLC law without overparameterization can guarantee the perfect tracking and boundedness of the states of the whole closed‐loop systems in presence of periodic uncertainties. In addition, the effectiveness of the developed controller is demonstrated by an implementation example on a single‐link flexible‐joint robot. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Examination of the Porosity in Reactive Air Brazed Joints by Ultrasonic Testing
Authors: Tillmann Wolfgang , Sievers Norman , Pfeiffer Jan , Wojarski Lukas , Zielke Reiner , Poenicke Andreas , Schilm Jochen
Published: May 2014

Reactive air brazing (RAB) has been developed as a method to join ceramics and steel, using CuO as a reactive agent that interacts with the surface of the ceramic, enabling a wetting by the molten filler metal. A major benefit of this method is the fact that the joining process can be carried out in an ambient atmosphere, in contrast to active brazing processes, which need to be performed in a vacuum furnace. In the past, several investigations were conducted to improve the mechanical bonding properties for both methods. A sealed gas‐tightness is also important for innovative applications such as solid oxide fuel cells. In this regard, the reduction of porosity, which is necessary in order to achieve reproducible joints with a long lifetime, presents a challenge. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct fundamental analyses of the driving forces and mechanisms of the formation of voids in the interfacial area to guarantee a reliable joint quality. In this study, the authors used an ultrasonic testing method in the realm of the immersion technique to evaluate the porosity in brazements produced with varying process parameters. A major goal was to assess the influence of the cooling stage on the pore formation. The advantage of this non‐destructive method is the possibility to scan the entire joint area using just one scan. The investigations were flanked by SEM analyses on different cross‐sections.
A Study of Polymer/Clay Hybrid Composite Sorbent‐Based AAm/SMA Hydrogels and Semi‐IPNs Composed of ɩ‐Carrageenan and Montmorillonite for Water and Dye Sorption
Authors: Karadağ Erdener , Hasgül Banu , Kundakci Semİha , Üzüm Ömer Bariş
Published: May 2014

A series of chemically cross‐linked hybrid composite hydrogel systems containing polysaccharide/clay polyelectrolyte based on the acrylamide/sodium methacrylate (AAm/SMA) and ɩ‐carrageenan and clay such as montmorillonite were synthesized with free radical solution polymerization by using ammonium persulfate/N,N,N',N'‐tetramethylethylenediamine as a redox‐initiating pair in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate as a cross‐linker. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) analysis and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) technique were applied for characterization. The hydrogels, the semi‐interpenetrating polymer networks (semi–IPNs), and the hybrid composite hydrogel systems that were synthesized in this study have shown high water absorbency. Some swelling and diffusion properties were calculated, and they were discussed for the hybrid hydrogel systems prepared under various formulations. They were used in experiments on sorption of water‐soluble cationic dye such as Safranin T (ST). The sorption of ST into the polymeric systems was studied by a batch sorption technique at 25°C. For equilibrium sorption studies, dye removal capacity, adsorption percentage, and partition coefficient of the hydrogels, the semi‐IPNs, and the hybrid composite hydrogel systems are investigated. Consequently, the hydrogels, the semi‐IPNs, and the hybrid composite hydrogel systems developed in this study could serve as a potential device for water and dye sorbents. Some materials such as the hydrogels, the semi‐IPNs, and the hybrid composite hydrogel systems developed in this study with the ability to absorb water in high amounts could be used as a water and dye sorbents because of their potential applications in agriculture, environment, separation processes, and water purification.