bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DeepLontar dataset for handwritten Balinese character detection and syllable recognition on Lontar manuscript
Authors: Siahaan Daniel , Sutramiani Ni Putu , Suciati Nanik , Duija I Nengah , Darma I Wayan Agus Surya
Published: December 2022

The digitalization of traditional Palmyra manuscripts, such as Lontar, is the government’s main focus in efforts to preserve Balinese culture. Digitization is done by acquiring Lontar manuscripts through photos or scans. To understand Lontar’s contents, experts usually carry out transliteration. Automatic transliteration using computer vision is generally carried out in several stages: character detection, character recognition, syllable recognition, and word recognition. Many methods can be used for detection and recognition, but they need data to train and evaluate the resulting model. In compiling the dataset, the data needs to be processed and labelled. This paper presented data collection and building datasets for detection and recognition tasks. Lontar was collected from libraries at universities in Bali. Data generation was carried out to produce 400 augmented images from 200 Lontar original images to increase the variousness of data. Annotations were performed to label each character producing over 100,000 characters in 55 character classes. This dataset can be used to train and evaluate performance in character detection and syllable recognition of new manuscripts.
Synthetic tissues lack the fidelity for the use in burn care simulators
Authors: Hannay Vanessa , Rahul F. N. U. , Josyula Kartik , Kruger Uwe , Gallagher Samara , Lee Sangrock , Ye Hanglin , Makled Basiel , Parsey Conner , Norfleet Jack , De Suvranu
Published: December 2022

This work compares the mechanical response of synthetic tissues used in burn care simulators from ten different manufacturers with that of ex vivo full thickness burned porcine skin as a surrogate for human skin tissues. This is of high practical importance since incorrect mechanical properties of synthetic tissues may introduce a negative bias during training due to the inaccurate haptic feedback from burn care simulator. A negative training may result in inadequately performed procedures, such as in escharotomy, which may lead to muscle necrosis endangering life and limb. Accurate haptic feedback in physical simulators is necessary to improve the practical training of non-expert providers for pre-deployment/pre-hospital burn care. With the U.S. Army’s emerging doctrine of prolonged field care, non-expert providers must be trained to perform even invasive burn care surgical procedures when indicated. The comparison reported in this article is based on the ultimate tensile stress, ultimate tensile strain, and toughness that are measured at strain rates relevant to skin surgery. A multivariate analysis using logistic regression reveals significant differences in the mechanical properties of the synthetic and the porcine skin tissues. The synthetic and porcine skin tissues show a similar rate dependent behavior. The findings of this study are expected to guide the development of high-fidelity burn care simulators for the pre-deployment/pre-hospital burn care provider education.
Identifying myoglobin as a mediator of diabetic kidney disease: a machine learning-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Wu Ruoru , Shu Zhihao , Zou Fei , Zhao Shaoli , Chan Saolai , Hu Yaxian , Xiang Hong , Chen Shuhua , Fu Li , Cao Dongsheng , Lu Hongwei
Published: December 2022

In view of the alarming increase in the burden of diabetes mellitus (DM) today, a rising number of patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is forecasted. Current DKD predictive models often lack reliable biomarkers and perform poorly. In this regard, serum myoglobin (Mb) identified by machine learning (ML) may become a potential DKD indicator. We aimed to elucidate the significance of serum Mb in the pathogenesis of DKD. Electronic health record data from a total of 728 hospitalized patients with DM (286 DKD vs. 442 non-DKD) were used. We developed DKD ML models incorporating serum Mb and metabolic syndrome (MetS) components (insulin resistance and β-cell function, glucose, lipid) while using SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) to interpret features. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were applied to evaluate the relationship between serum Mb and DKD. Serum Mb-mediated renal function impairment induced by MetS components was verified by causal mediation effect analysis. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of the DKD machine learning models incorporating serum Mb and MetS components reached 0.85. Feature importance analysis and SHAP showed that serum Mb and MetS components were important features. Further RCS models of DKD showed that the odds ratio was greater than 1 when serum Mb was > 80. Serum Mb showed a significant indirect effect in renal function impairment when using MetS components such as HOMA-IR, HGI and HDL-C/TC as a reason. Moderately elevated serum Mb is associated with the risk of DKD. Serum Mb may mediate MetS component-caused renal function impairment.
The association of problematic gaming characteristics with dietary habits among Finnish vocational school students
Authors: Vaarala Susanna , Ruotsalainen Heidi , Hylkilä Krista , Kääriäinen Maria , Konttila Jenni , Männistö Merja , Männikkö Niko
Published: December 2022

Digital gaming is a popular pastime among young people, but its links to dietary habits have been little studied. The purpose of the study was to describe dietary habits and to examine their associations to problematic gaming behavior with regard to the degree of daily digital gaming time and the overall levels of disordered-like gaming behavior among students in vocational education in the Oulu region of Finland. This cross-sectional study consisted of a total of 773 first-year vocational school students who had played digital games regularly. Data was collected by using an online survey measuring sociodemographic information, dietary habits, amount of digital gaming time, and symptoms of problematic gaming behavior. Most prevalent weekly consumed food types were chicken (90.1%), chips (87.7%), and sausages/cold cuts (85.4%). Around one-fourth of students skipped breakfast on weekdays and at weekends. A higher amount of digital gaming time was associated with skipping breakfast on weekdays. More elevated levels of disordered gaming behavior were particularly associated with the use of a group of food types encompassing carbohydrate-dense and fast food. Current research provides indications that digital gaming may have an impact on youths’ dietary habits, while at the same time, however, emphasizing that the issue can be affected by several interrelated and complex factors.
Artificial neural network applied to fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome stage diagnosis based on peripheral mitochondrial bioenergetics and brain imaging outcomes
Authors: Giulivi Cecilia , Wang Jun Yi , Hagerman Randi J.
Published: December 2022

No proven prognosis is available for the neurodegenerative disorder fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS). Artificial neural network analyses (ANN) were used to predict FXTAS progression using data from 127 adults (noncarriers and FMR1 premutation carriers with and without FXTAS) with five outcomes from brain MRI imaging and 22 peripheral bioenergetic outcomes from two cell types. Diagnosis accuracy by ANN predictions ranged from 41.7 to 86.3% (depending on the algorithm used), and those misclassified usually presented a higher FXTAS stage. ANN prediction of FXTAS stages was based on a combination of two imaging findings (white matter hyperintensity and whole-brain volumes adjusted for intracranial volume) and four bioenergetic outcomes. Those at Stage 3 vs. 0–2 showed lower mitochondrial mass, higher oxidative stress, and an altered electron transfer consistent with mitochondrial unfolded protein response activation. Those at Stages 4–5 vs. 3 had higher oxidative stress and glycerol-3-phosphate-linked ATP production, suggesting that targeting mGPDH activity may prevent a worse prognosis. This was confirmed by the bioenergetic improvement of inhibiting mGPDH with metformin in affected fibroblasts. ANN supports the prospect of an unbiased molecular definition in diagnosing FXTAS stages while identifying potential targets for personalized medicine.
Visual imagery skills and risk attitude
Authors: Zeng Cathy , Fielding David , Peeters Ronald , Wesselbaum Dennis
Published: December 2022

Several of Kahneman and Tversky’s seminal works in the 1970s found evidence of the importance of framing in decision making under risk. They hypothesized that imaginability (visual imagery ability) may play an important role in the evaluation of subjective probabilities. However, the impact of visual imagery ability on choice under risk has not yet been explored. This is the main purpose of our study. In an online experiment, we collected participants’ visual imagery ability using the Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire and their risk attitude using two choice-based risk elicitation tasks. Participants made their risk decisions either in an environment where risk was visualized (visual frame) or not (non-visual frame), and were randomly assigned to one of the two decision frames. Our results suggest that neither visual imagery ability nor decision frame has a substantial impact on risk attitude.
A novel fast method for identifying the origin of Maojian using NIR spectroscopy with deep learning algorithms
Authors: Chang Chenjie , Li Zongyuan , Li Hongyi , Hou Zhuoya , Zuo Enguang , Zhao Deyi , Lv Xiaoyi , Zhong Furu , Chen Cheng , Tian Feng
Published: December 2022

Maojian is one of China’s traditional famous teas. There are many Maojian-producing areas in China. Because of different producing areas and production processes, different Maojian have different market prices. Many merchants will mix Maojian in different regions for profit, seriously disrupting the healthy tea market. Due to the similar appearance of Maojian produced in different regions, it is impossible to make a quick and objective distinction. It often requires experienced experts to identify them through multiple steps. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a rapid and accurate method to identify different regions of Maojian to promote the standardization of the Maojian market and the development of detection technology. In this study, we propose a new method based on Near infra-red (NIR) with deep learning algorithms to distinguish different origins of Maojian. In this experiment, the NIR spectral data of Maojian from different origins are combined with the back propagation neural network (BPNN), improved AlexNet, and improved RepSet models for classification. Among them, improved RepSet has the highest accuracy of 99.30%, which is 8.67% and 0.70% higher than BPNN and improved AlexNet, respectively. The overall results show that it is feasible to use NIR and deep learning methods to quickly and accurately identify Maojian from different origins and prove an effective alternative method to discriminate different origins of Maojian.
Machine learning-based risk factor analysis of necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight infants
Authors: Cho Hannah , Lee Eun Hee , Lee Kwang-Sig , Heo Ju Sun
Published: December 2022

This study used machine learning and a national prospective cohort registry database to analyze the major risk factors of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants, including environmental factors. The data consisted of 10,353 VLBW infants from the Korean Neonatal Network database from January 2013 to December 2017. The dependent variable was NEC. Seventy-four predictors, including ambient temperature and particulate matter, were included. An artificial neural network, decision tree, logistic regression, naïve Bayes, random forest, and support vector machine were used to evaluate the major predictors of NEC. Among the six prediction models, logistic regression and random forest had the best performance (accuracy: 0.93 and 0.93, area under the receiver-operating-characteristic curve: 0.73 and 0.72, respectively). According to random forest variable importance, major predictors of NEC were birth weight, birth weight Z-score, maternal age, gestational age, average birth year temperature, birth year, minimum birth year temperature, maximum birth year temperature, sepsis, and male sex. To the best of our knowledge, the performance of random forest in this study was among the highest in this line of research. NEC is strongly associated with ambient birth year temperature, as well as maternal and neonatal predictors.
Rapid and label-free Listeria monocytogenes detection based on stimuli-responsive alginate-platinum thiomer nanobrushes
Authors: Oliveira Daniela A. , McLamore Eric S. , Gomes Carmen L.
Published: December 2022

In this work, we demonstrate the development of a rapid and label-free electrochemical biosensor to detect Listeria monocytogenes using a novel stimulus–response thiomer nanobrush material. Nanobrushes were developed via one-step simultaneous co-deposition of nanoplatinum (Pt) and alginate thiomers (ALG-thiomer). ALG-thiomer/Pt nanobrush platform significantly increased the average electroactive surface area of electrodes by 7 folds and maintained the actuation properties (pH-stimulated osmotic swelling) of the alginate. Dielectric behavior during brush actuation was characterized with positively, neutral, and negatively charged redox probes above and below the isoelectric point of alginate, indicating ALG-thiomer surface charge plays an important role in signal acquisition. The ALG-thiomer platform was biofunctionalized with an aptamer selective for the internalin A protein on Listeria for biosensing applications. Aptamer loading was optimized and various cell capture strategies were investigated (brush extended versus collapsed). Maximum cell capture occurs when the ALG-thiomer/aptamer is in the extended conformation (pH > 3.5), followed by impedance measurement in the collapsed conformation (pH < 3.5). Low concentrations of bacteria (5 CFU mL−1) were sensed from a complex food matrix (chicken broth) and selectivity testing against other Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus) indicate the aptamer affinity is maintained, even at these pH values. The new hybrid soft material is among the most efficient and fastest (17 min) for L. monocytogenes biosensing to date, and does not require sample pretreatment, constituting a promising new material platform for sensing small molecules or cells.
Predicting an unstable tear film through artificial intelligence
Authors: Fineide Fredrik , Storås Andrea Marheim , Chen Xiangjun , Magnø Morten S. , Yazidi Anis , Riegler Michael A. , Utheim Tor Paaske
Published: December 2022

Dry eye disease is one of the most common ophthalmological complaints and is defined by a loss of tear film homeostasis. Establishing a diagnosis can be time-consuming, resource demanding and unpleasant for the patient. In this pilot study, we retrospectively included clinical data from 431 patients with dry eye disease examined in the Norwegian Dry Eye Clinic to evaluate how artificial intelligence algorithms perform on clinical data related to dry eye disease. The data was processed and subjected to numerous machine learning classification algorithms with the aim to predict decreased tear film break-up time. Moreover, feature selection techniques (information gain and information gain ratio) were applied to determine which clinical factors contribute most to an unstable tear film. The applied machine learning algorithms outperformed baseline classifications performed with ZeroR according to included evaluation metrics. Clinical features such as ocular surface staining, meibomian gland expressibility and dropout, blink frequency, osmolarity, meibum quality and symptom score were recognized as important predictors for tear film instability. We identify and discuss potential limitations and pitfalls.
Direct encapsulation of biomolecules in semi-permeable microcapsules produced with double-emulsions
Authors: Michielin Grégoire , Maerkl Sebastian J.
Published: December 2022

Compartmentalization can serve different purposes such as the protection of biological active substances from the environment, or the creation of a unique combination of biomolecules for diagnostic, therapeutic, or other bioengineering applications. We present a method for direct encapsulation of molecules in biocompatible and semi-permeable microcapsules made from low-molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEG-DA 258). Microcapsules are produced using a non-planar PDMS microfluidic chip allowing for one-step production of water-in-PEG-DA 258-in-water double-emulsions, which are polymerized with UV light into a poly-PEG-DA 258 shell. Semi-permeable microcapsules are obtained by adding an inert solvent to the PEG-DA 258. Due to the favorable hydrophilicity of poly-PEG-DA 258, proteins do not adsorb to the capsule shell, and we demonstrate the direct encapsulation of enzymes, which can also be dried in the capsules to preserve activity. Finally, we leverage capsule permeability for the implementation of a two-layer communication cascade using compartmentalized DNA strand displacement reactions. This work presents the direct encapsulation of active biomolecules in semi-permeable microcapsules, and we expect our platform to facilitate the development of artificial cells and generating encapsulated diagnostics or therapeutics.
Potential hazard characteristics of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies growing along pedestrian routes
Authors: Suchocka Marzena , Wojnowska-Heciak Magdalena , Jankowski Paweł , Mojski Jacek , Milanowska Agata , Kubus Marcin , Kalaji Hazem M.
Published: December 2022

This article is a study of risk assessment of trees with hollows, cavities and fruiting bodies for the improvement of the management and protection of urban trees growing along pedestrian routes. 317 trees were examined using TRAQ risk classes, VTA and ISA BMP methodology, Roloff's vitality classification, and sonic tomography (SoT) during the spring and summer of 2021. The collected data was analysed using the Kruskal–Wallis H-test, the Dunn multiple comparison test, the pairwise comparison of proportions with Holm correction, the U-Manna-Whitney test, and the Fisher exact test. The analysed trees grow alongside public footpaths and footways in central Zakopane, Poland. The study results indicate that tree trunk hollows are judged to have no adverse effects on a tree’s vitality when assessed using visual methods and are deemed to have a limited effect on vitality estimated with SoT. Though most high and moderate-risk trees, according to SoT (88% and 80%, respectively), had hollows, such trees were a small fraction of all 171 trees with hollows, cavities and/or fruiting bodies, 2.3% and 8.8%, respectively. Therefore, the decision to remove a tree should be based on advice from a professional arborist, supported by sonic tomography (SoT) or similar objective methods.
Stage-specific and cell type-specific requirements of ikzf1 during haematopoietic differentiation in zebrafish
Authors: Hess Isabell , Sagar  , O´Meara Connor , Grün Dominic , Schorpp Michael , Boehm Thomas
Published: December 2022

The zinc finger transcription factor Ikaros1 (Ikzf1) is required for lymphoid development in mammals. Four zinc fingers constitute its DNA binding domain and two zinc fingers are present in the C-terminal protein interaction module. We describe the phenotypes of zebrafish homozygous for two distinct mutantikzf1alleles. The IT325 variant lacks the C-terminal two zinc fingers, whereas the fr105 variant retains only the first zinc finger of the DNA binding domain. An intactikzf1gene is required for larval T cell development, whereas low levels of adult lymphoid development recover in the mutants. By contrast, the mutants exhibit a signature of increased myelopoiesis at larval and adult stages. Both mutations stimulate erythroid differentiation in larvae, indicating that the C-terminal zinc fingers negatively regulate the extent of red blood cell production. An unexpected differential effect of the two mutants on adult erythropoiesis suggests a direct requirement of an intact DNA binding domain for entry of progenitors into the red blood cell lineage. Collectively, our results reinforce the biological differences between larval and adult haematopoiesis, indicate a stage-specific function ofikzf1in regulating the hierarchical bifurcations of differentiation, and assign distinct functions to the DNA binding domain and the C-terminal zinc fingers.
Identification of cuproptosis-related long noncoding RNA signature for predicting prognosis and immunotherapy response in bladder cancer
Authors: Huang Gaomin , Huang Yawei , Zhang Chiyu , Jiang Yi , Ye Zhenfeng , He Chen , Yu Fanfan , Chen Zitong , Xi Xiaoqing
Published: December 2022

Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumour of the urinary system and one of the leading causes of cancer-related death. Cuproptosis is a novel form of programmed cell death, and its mechanism in tumours remains unclear. This study aimed to establish the prognostic signatures of cuproptosis-related lncRNAs and determine their clinical prognostic value. RNA sequencing data from The Cancer Genome Atlas were used to detect the expression levels of cuproptosis-related genes in BC. Cuproptosis-related lncRNAs linked to survival were identified using co-expression and univariate Cox regression. Furthermore, consensus cluster analysis divided the lncRNAs into two subtypes. Subsequently, we established a signature model consisting of seven cuproptosis-related lncRNAs (AC073534.2, AC021321.1, HYI-AS1, PPP1R26-AS1, AC010328.1, AC012568.1 and MIR4435-2Hg) using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Survival analysis based on risk score showed that the overall survival and progression-free survival of patients in the high-risk group were worse than those in the low-risk group. Multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated the independent prognostic potential of this signature model for patients with BC. Moreover, age and clinical stage were also significantly correlated with prognosis. The constructed nomogram plots revealed good predictive power for the prognosis of patients with BC and were validated using calibration plots. Additionally, enrichment analysis, Single sample gene set enrichment analysis and immune infiltration abundance analysis revealed significant differences in immune infiltration between the two risk groups, with high levels of immune cell subset infiltrations observed in the high-risk group accompanied by various immune pathway activation. Moreover, almost all the immune checkpoint genes showed high expression levels in the high-risk group. Moreover, TIDE analysis suggested that the high-risk group was more responsive to immunotherapy. Finally, eight drugs with low IC50 values were screened, which may prove to be beneficial for patients in the high-risk group.
Developing an integrated approach based on geographic object-based image analysis and convolutional neural network for volcanic and glacial landforms mapping
Authors: Kazemi Garajeh Mohammad , Li Zhenlong , Hasanlu Saber , Zare Naghadehi Saeid , Hossein Haghi Vahid
Published: December 2022

Rapid detection and mapping of landforms are crucially important to improve our understanding of past and presently active processes across the earth, especially, in complex and dynamic volcanoes. Traditional landform modeling approaches are labor-intensive and time-consuming. In recent years, landform mapping has increasingly been digitized. This study conducted an in-depth analysis of convolutional neural networks (CNN) in combination with geographic object-based image analysis (GEOBIA), for mapping volcanic and glacial landforms. Sentinel-2 image, as well as predisposing variables (DEM and its derivatives, e.g., slope, aspect, curvature and flow accumulation), were segmented using a multi-resolution segmentation algorithm, and relevant features were selected to define segmentation scales for each landform category. A set of object-based features was developed based on spectral (e.g., brightness), geometrical (e.g., shape index), and textural (grey level co-occurrence matrix) information. The landform modelling networks were then trained and tested based on labelled objects generated using GEOBIA and ground control points. Our results show that an integrated approach of GEOBIA and CNN achieved an ACC of 0.9685, 0.9780, 0.9614, 0.9767, 0.9675, 0.9718, 0.9600, and 0.9778 for dacite lava, caldera, andesite lava, volcanic cone, volcanic tuff, glacial circus, glacial valley, and suspended valley, respectively. The quantitative evaluation shows the highest performance (Accuracy > 0.9600 and cross-validation accuracy > 0.9400) for volcanic and glacial landforms and; therefore, is recommended for regional and large-scale landform mapping. Our results and the provided automatic workflow emphasize the potential of integrated GEOBIA and CNN for fast and efficient landform mapping as a first step in the earth’s surface management.
Inner limiting membrane bridges within Bruch’s membrane defects in pathological myopia
Authors: Panda-Jonas Songhomitra , Jonas Jost B. , Jonas Rahul A.
Published: December 2022

The purpose of the study was to examine peculiarities of the inner limiting membrane (ILM) in axially elongated eyes. The histomorphometric study included human globes enucleated due to reasons such as painful secondary angle-closure glaucoma or malignant uveal melanomas. Using light microscopy, we searched for regions with ILM-specific features in association with a marked axial elongation. Out of 279 eyes (279 patients) (mean age: 61.8 ± 13.9 years; axial length: 25.5 ± 3.1 mm (range: 20.0–37.0 mm)), two eyes (axial length: 30 mm and 34 mm, respectively) showed one region and two regions, respectively, characterized by ILM presence and absence of all other retinal layers, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch´s membrane (BM) and choroid. The length of these regions, called ILM-bridges, was 1.06 mm, 0.73 mm, and 0.62 mm, respectively. All ILM-bridges were spatially associated with a larger, underlying BM defect and with localized scleral thinning without a staphylomatous scleral configuration. The distance between the ILM-bridges and the optic disc ranged between 1.92 mm and 4.21 mm. In univariable analysis, ILM-bridge number increased with longer axial length (beta: 0.19; P = 0.002) and higher BM defect prevalence (beta: 0.21; P = 0.001), while in multivariable analysis, the ILM-bridges number remained to be significantly correlated only with a higher prevalence of BM defect (beta: 0.15; P = 0.048). ILM-bridges occur in eyes with pathologic myopia in spatial association with underlying, larger BM defects. They may be due to an axial elongation-associated local stretching and rupture of all other retinal layers, caused by the BM defect-related enlargement of the retinal undersurface. Future studies may explore whether these histologic observations support the notion of the ILM having a relatively high biomechanical strength against myopic stretching-associated forces.
The effectiveness of ursolic acid niosomes with chitosan coating for prevention of liver damage in mice induced by n-nitrosodiethylamine
Authors: Miatmoko Andang , Faradisa Amelia Anneke , Jauhari Achmad Aziz , Hariawan Berlian Sarasitha , Cahyani Devy Maulidya , Plumeriastuti Hani , Sari Retno , Hendradi Esti
Published: December 2022

Ursolic acid (UA) is a pentacyclic triterpene carboxylic acid which produces various effects, including anti-cancer, hepatoprotective, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. However, UA demonstrates poor water solubility and permeability. Niosomes have been reported to improve the bioavailability of low water-soluble drugs. This study aimed to investigate the protective action of UA-niosomes with chitosan layers against liver damage induced by N-Nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA). UA niosomes were prepared using a thin layer hydration method, with chitosan being added by vortexing the mixtures. For the induction of liver damage, the mice were administered NDEA intraperitoneally (25 mg/kgBW). They were given niosomes orally (11 mg UA/kgBW) seven and three days prior to NDEA induction and subsequently once a week with NDEA induction for four weeks. The results showed that chitosan layers increased the particle sizes, PDI, and ζ-potentials of UA niosomes. UA niosomes with chitosan coating reduced the SGOT and SGPT level. The histopathological evaluation of liver tissue showed an improvement with reduced bile duct inflammation and decreasing pleomorphism and enlargement of hepatocyte cell nuclei in UA niosomes with the chitosan coating treated group. It can be concluded that UA niosomes with chitosan coating improved the efficacy of preventive UA therapy in liver-damaged mice induced with NDEA.
Intraglandular mesenchymal stem cell treatment induces changes in the salivary proteome of irradiated patients
Authors: Lynggaard Charlotte Duch , Jersie-Christensen Rosa , Juhl Morten , Jensen Siri Beier , Grønhøj Christian , Melchiors Jacob , Jacobsen Søren , Møller-Hansen Michael , Herly Mikkel , Ekblond Annette , Kastrup Jens , Fischer-Nielsen Anne , Belstrøm Daniel , von Buchwald Christian
Published: December 2022

Background

Hyposalivation and xerostomia (dry mouth), are the leading site-effects to treatment of head and neck cancer. Currently, there are no effective therapies to alleviate radiation-induced hyposalivation. Adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (AT-MSCs) have shown potential for restoring salivary gland function. However, the mode of action is unknown. The purpose of the present study was therefore to characterize the effect of AT-MSC therapy on the salivary proteome in previously irradiated head and neck cancer patients.

Methods

Whole saliva was collected from patients with radiation-induced salivary gland hypofunction (n = 8) at baseline, and 120 days after AT-MSC treatment, and from healthy controls (n = 10). The salivary proteome was characterized with mass spectrometry based proteomics, and data was compared within the AT-MSC group (baseline versus day 120) and between AT-MSC group and healthy controls. Significance levels between groups were determined by using double-sided t-test, and visualized by means of principal component analysis, volcano plots and cluster analysis.

Results

Here we show that 140 human proteins are significantly differentially expressed in saliva from patients with radiation-induced hypofunction versus healthy controls. AT-MSC treatment induce a significant impact on the salivary proteome, as 99 proteins are differentially expressed at baseline vs. 120 days after treatment. However, AT-MSC treatment does not restore healthy conditions, as 212 proteins are significantly differentially expressed in saliva 120 days after AT-MSCs treatment, as compared to healthy controls.

Conclusion

The results indicate an increase in proteins related to tissue regeneration in AT-MSCs treated patients. Our study demonstrates the impact of AT-MSCs on the salivary proteome, thereby providing insight into the potential mode of action of this novel treatment approach.
Enhanced chirality in a dielectric metasurface without breaking symmetry
Authors: Liu Xingguang , Li Junqing , Zhao Rui , Zhang Yingjie , Dong Yongkang
Published: December 2022

The proposed dielectric metasurface supports the excitation of bound states in the continuum. After introducing chiral enantiomers with weak chirality into the surrounding medium, the chiroptical effect of the metasurface can be greatly enhanced.
Targeting AMPK signaling by polyphenols: a novel strategy for tackling aging
Authors: Xu Wei , Luo Yi , Yin Jiaxin , Huang Mengzhen , Luo Feijun
Published: December 2022

Dietary polyphenols participate in the anti-aging mechanism through targeting AMPK signaling.
A cationic amphiphilic peptide chaperone rescues Aβ42 aggregation and cytotoxicity
Authors: Puneeth Kumar DRGKoppalu R. , Reja Rahi M. , Senapati Dillip K. , Singh Manjeet , Nalawade Sachin A. , George Gijo , Kaul Grace , Akhir Abdul , Chopra Sidharth , Raghothama Srinivasarao , Gopi Hosahudya N.
Published: December 2022

A cationic amphiphilic peptide effectively prevents the aggregation of soluble Aβ42 and also disintegrates matured fibrils into soluble precursors. In addition, the peptide also rescues cells from the toxicity of Aβ42.
Preparation, properties and applications of two-dimensional superlattices
Authors: Xing Fei , Ji Guangmin , Li Zongwen , Zhong Weiheng , Wang Feiyue , Liu Zhibo , Xin Wei , Tian Jianguo
Published: December 2022

This work centers the existing 2D superlattices (2DSs), reviewing the component (CSs), strain-induced (SSs) and moiré superlattices (MSs), respectively. We focus on their preparation, properties, and state-of-the-art applications of related devices.
FAPbBr3perovskite nanocrystals decorated on a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) sheet for interfacial hole transfer
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Jha Abha , Kar Prasenjit
Published: December 2022

The schematic representation of electron transfer from perovskite nanocrystals (FAPbBr3) to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4).
Schottky barrier effect on plasmon-induced charge transfer
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Gao Shiwu , Ma Jie
Published: December 2022

Schottky barrier at the metal–semiconductor interface modifies the hot carrier dynamics.
Transition-metal-free oxidative annulation reactions between N-acyl-2-aminoacetophenones and alkynes for the facile synthesis of 2-amino-1-naphthols
Authors: Ren Jing , Liu Kaiyun , Kong Xiangxiang , Li Kaizhi
Published: December 2022

A novel method for the regioselective synthesis of 2-amino-1-naphthols through cascade oxidative annulation of N-acyl-2-aminoacetophenones and alkynes has been successfully developed.
Palladium-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of amido-tethered allylic carbonates with oxazol-5-(4H)-ones: synthesis of piperidine-2,6-dione derivatives
Authors: Wang Lan , Liu Min , Lu Mengxi , Wang Bo , Han Qihuan , Jin Jingrong , Yu Songcheng , Wu Yongjun , Guo Hongchao
Published: December 2022

A palladium-catalyzed [4 + 2] cycloaddition of amido-tethered allylic carbonates with oxazol-5-(4H)-ones proceeded smoothly under mild reaction conditions to give various piperidine derivatives in moderate to excellent yields.
Acene enlargement for absorption red-shifting and photosensitization enhancement of photosensitizers with aggregation-induced emission
Authors: Wang Qiang , Li Chunbin , Song Yuchen , Shi Qiankun , Li Heng , Zhong Hua , Wang Jianguo , Hu Fang
Published: December 2022

The π-extension of the donor units can improve the comprehensive performances of the donor–acceptor-based aggregation-induced emission photosensitizers, including red-shifted absorption and fluorescence, and enhanced photosensitization.
Tunable collective dynamics of ellipsoidal Quincke particles
Authors: Chen Yu , Wang Lei , Zhang Tian Hui
Published: December 2022

Collective behaviors in active systems become dramatically complicated in the presence of chirality.
Compact Ka‐band conical beam filtenna
Authors: Shi‐Shan Qi , Keren Zhu , Wen Wu
Published: December 2022

A compact conical beam antenna composed by a filtering power divider (FPD) and circular open waveguide is presented. In order to reduce insertion loss in Ka‐band, the five‐way radial power divider and the cascaded filters are constructed using metallic waveguides. The filter is based on the principle of the magnetic field inversion characteristics of higher‐order mode resonances, using TE101 and TE102 over‐mode bypass coupling to create a pair of transmission zeros around the passband. A more compact folded structure is obtained by placing adjacent cavities back‐to‐back. Finally, TM01 mode on the circular aperture is excited by the output of the FPD, realising a conical beam radiation pattern. This proposed antenna works at the central frequency of 35 GHz, the maximum elevation angle of θ = 20° and the measured gain of 7.83 dBi have been achieved. The results shows that the impedance bandwidth is 6.29%, from 33.85 to 36.05 GHz. In terms of miniaturisation, the size of the entire antenna is 3.85λ02.51λ0.
Non‐local low‐rank constraint‐based self‐consistent PMRI reconstruction using eigenvector maps
Authors: Duan Jizhong , Pan Ting , Liu Yu , Wang Junfeng
Published: December 2022

Eigenvector‐based SPIRiT (ESPIRiT) can estimate multiple sets of coil sensitivity maps from the calibration matrix constructed from the auto‐calibration data. Recently, the L1 norm and total variation were combined with the ESPIRiT model to improve the reconstruction quality of magnetic resonance (MR) images. To further improve the reconstruction performance, the non‐local low‐rank regularisation term is incorporated into the ESPIRiT model (NLR‐ESPIRiT) is proposed. The proposed NLR‐ESPIRiT model takes full advantage of the non‐local self‐similarity features of MR images. The resulting optimisation problem can be transformed into a gradient problem and a denoising problem with low‐rank constraints using the operator splitting technique. The weighted nuclear norm (WNN) is applied as a surrogate of the rank. Then the denoising subproblem with the WNN can be effectively solved by using the alternating direction method of multipliers technique. For practical applications, a parameter‐selecting method is proposed to obtain almost optimal parameters for the same kind of MR images. Simulation experiments on in vivo data sets demonstrate that the proposed NLR‐ESPIRiT outperforms all competing traditional model‐based algorithms in terms of three objective metrics and visual comparison.
Large Interferometer For Exoplanets (LIFE)
Authors: Hansen Jonah T. , Ireland Michael J. , Laugier Romain ,   the LIFE Collaboration
Published: December 2022

Context. In the fourth paper in this series, we identified that a pentagonal arrangement of five telescopes, using a kernel-nulling beam combiner, shows notable advantages for some important performance metrics for a space-based mid-infrared nulling interferometer over several other considered configurations for the detection of Earth-like exoplanets around solar-type stars.

Aims. We aim to produce a physical implementation of a kernel-nulling beam combiner for such a configuration, as well as a discussion of systematic and stochastic errors associated with the instrument.

Methods. We developed a mathematical framework around a nulling beam combiner, and then used it along with a space interferometry simulator to identify the effects of systematic uncertainties.

Results. We find that errors in the beam combiner optics, systematic phase errors and the root-mean-squared (RMS) fringe tracking errors result in instrument-limited performance at ~4–7 μm, and zodiacal light limited at ≳10 μm. Assuming a beam splitter reflectance error of |ΔR| = 5% and phase shift error of Δϕ = 3°, we find that the fringe tracking RMS error should be kept to less than 3 nm in order to be photon limited, and the systematic piston error be less than 0.5 nm to be appropriately sensitive to planets with a contrast of 1 × 10−7 over a 4–19 μm bandpass. We also identify that the beam combiner design, with the inclusion of a well-positioned shutter, provides an ability to produce robust kernel observables even if one or two collecting telescopes were to fail. The resulting four-telescope combiner, when put into an X-array formation, results in a transmission map with a relative signal-to-noise ratio equivalent to 80% of a fully functioning X-array combiner.

Conclusions. The advantage in sensitivity and planet yield of the Kernel-5 nulling architecture, along with an inbuilt contingency option for a failed collector telescope, leads us to recommend this architecture be adopted for further study for the LIFE mission.
Liebe Leserinnen, liebe Leser,
Authors: Pfeifer Ute Gabriele
Published: December 2022

es ist unglaublich, wie die Zeit rast. Geht es Ihnen auch so?

Es ist November und vor Ihnen liegt schon wieder die letzte Ausgabe der Endo-Praxis
für das Jahr 2022!
Bodyscan-Übung für Körpergewahrsein und Entspannung
Authors: Tilmann Psych Savina
Published: December 2022

Ein bewusster „Bodyscan“ ist eine Übung, durch die man wieder zurück ins Körpergewahrsein und damit ins Hier und Jetzt kommt.
Muskeltonus – Regulation – Entspannung
Authors: Corts Magga
Published: December 2022

Der Spannungszustand eines Skelettmuskels oder der glatten Muskulatur wird als Muskeltonus bezeichnet. Der Muskeltonus ist abhängig von der Aktivität der kontraktilen Elemente der Muskelzellen.
Prüfungsthema: Psychische Störungen und Psychotherapie
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2022

In diesem HPA-Prüfungstrainer beschäftigen sich alle Fragen mit psychischen Störungen und Psychotherapie.
Was wissen Sie über … psychische Störungen und Psychotherapie?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: December 2022

In dieser Ausgabe beschäftigen sich alle Wissensquiz-Fragen mit psychischen Störungen und Psychotherapie.
Vom Problem zur Befreiung
Authors: Ennenbach Matthias
Published: December 2022

Immer mehr Menschen öffnen sich für die östliche Philosophie und Spiritualität und wünschen sich die Aufnahme dieses universellen Bezuges und entsprechender Methoden in die psychotherapeutische Behandlung. Die buddhistische Psychotherapie geht davon aus, dass Probleme sehr stark durch unseren Verstand mitgestaltet werden, und nutzt – im Anschluss an die allen Verfahren gemeinsame Ich-Konsolidierung – die Erfahrung vom Bewusstheit und Heilsein als Motor der Selbstwirksamkeit und Befreiung. Während Körper- und Atemübungen eine Konsolidierung und Erdung bewirken, decken Methoden wie Vertiefungsmeditationen Egoanteile auf, die anschließend aufgelöst werden können.
„Ich bin nicht verrückt“
Authors: Ennenbach Matthias
Published: December 2022

Die buddhistische Psychotherapie betrachtet Leiden nicht als Störung, sondern als Normalität, die sich annehmen und gestalten lässt – und nutzt dazu die Stufen Selbststeuerung, Egoanalyse und Problembewältigung. Im Behandlungsbeispiel leidet der Patient unter starken Angstzuständen, unter anderem in öffentlichen Verkehrsmitteln, und instabiler Hypertonie, was sich durch eine problemorientierte Psychotherapie in der Vergangenheit noch verstärkte. Im Rahmen der Behandlung erlernte der Patient Akzeptanz, Selbstwirksamkeit, Selbstbetrachtung, Atem- und Körperübungen sowie neue Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten – und überwand damit seine Hilflosigkeit.
„Eine zutiefst positive Grundhaltung“
Authors: Cicekten Alphan
Published: December 2022

Reinhard Textor hat sich als Behandelnder und Ausbildender unter anderem auf die humanistische Psychologie spezialisiert. Welche Potenziale birgt diese für den Einzelnen, aber auch für die Gesellschaft? Wie kann sie sich weiterentwickeln und den Menschen der heutigen Zeit dort abholen, wo er steht? Und weshalb lohnt sich der humanistische Blick auf den Heilpraktikerberuf und seinen Platz in der Gesellschaft?
Nicht kleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Rearrangements der anaplastischen Lymphomkinase (ALK) verursachen 4–6 % der nicht kleinzelligen Bronchialkarzinome (NSCLC). Die Erstlinientherapie mit ALK-Inhibitoren hatte hohe Ansprechraten und bewirkte eine langfristige Krankheitskontrolle. Eine aktuelle Pharmakovigilanzstudie legt nahe, dass unerwünschte psychiatrische Ereignisse zwar insgesamt selten, aber häufig schwerwiegend sind. Die Autoren fordern bei allen ALK-Inhibitoren zur Wachsamkeit auf, denn Vieles spricht nach ihrer Ansicht für einen Klasseneffekt.
Follikuläres Lymphom in erster kompletter Remission
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: December 2022

Die Kampagne Choosing Wisely der amerikanischen Gesellschaft für Hämatologie empfiehlt, bei der Nachbeobachtung von Patienten mit Lymphomen die Überwachung mithilfe von Computertomografien zu begrenzen. Das hat Gründe: Bei Hodgkin-Lymphomen und diffus großzelligen B-Zell-Lymphomen resultierte kein Überlebensvorteil aus der traditionellen Nachsorge mit wiederkehrenden CTs. Eine aktuelle retrospektive Studie kommt für das follikuläre Lymphom (FL) nun zu ähnlichen Ergebnissen.
Karl nervt
Authors: Franke Ulrike
Published: December 2022

Theraplay® ist eine körpernahe Spieltherapie und bietet unter anderem beruhigende Rituale und anregende Spiele für das kindliche Nervensystem. Eine wichtige Ausgangsfrage der Theraplay-Begründerin Ann Jernberg ist: Was braucht das Kind, damit es ihm gut geht und es sich entwickeln kann? Anhand des Fallberichts demonstriert die Autorin, wie dem Kind Sicherheit vermittelt und es achtsam und spielerisch an die Beziehung und die therapeutische Situation herangeführt wird.
Allergologie und die Herausforderungen im aktuellen Zeitgeschehen
Authors: Tratzmiller Sabine , Klemke Claus-Detlev
Published: December 2022

Die Versorgung allergologischer Patienten ist ein klinischer Schwerpunkt der Karlsruher
Hautklinik. Der diagnostische Fokus lag in der Vergangenheit im Nachweis von
Typ-IV-Sensibilisierungen. Jedoch ist aufgrund einer zunehmenden Nachfrage die Diagnostik von
Hymenopterengiftallergien immer mehr in den Vordergrund getreten.

Die direkten Auswirkungen des aktuellen Zeitgeschehens auf die allergologische Tätigkeit
in der Karlsruher Klinik wurden aktuell im Hinblick auf die Abklärung einer potenziellen
Allergie auf einen COVID-19-Impfstoff noch spürbarer.
Geschichte der Karlsruher Hautklinik
Authors: Spahn Pascal , Klemke Claus-Detlev
Published: December 2022

Die Geschichte der Karlsruher Hautklinik zeichnet sich bereits mit der Eröffnung eines Spitals 1788 am heutigen Lidelplatz ab. Initial eingegliedert in die zwei großen medizinischen Disziplinen Innere Medizin und Chirurgie, entwickelte sich 1907 eine eigenständige Abteilung für Haut- und Geschlechtskranke sowie nach Ende der Besatzungszeit eine eigene Hautklinik. Unter den erfahrenen Klinikdirektoren konnte die Zahl an behandelten dermatologischen Patienten stets erhöht werden und den Anforderungen einer modernen, wissenschaftlichen Klinik begegnet werden. Mit der Zertifizierung 2017 als Hauttumorzentrum hat die Klinik ihren onkologischen Schwerpunkt, neben der Behandlung konservativer Dermatosen, unterstrichen und wird sich auch in naher Zukunft durch einen geplanten Umzug in modernisierte Räumlichkeiten im Zentrum des Klinikums weiterentwickeln.
Diagnose Krebs: Wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken
Authors: Apondo Sandra , Bein Thomas , Schönhofer Bernd
Published: December 2022

Vordergründig betrachtet sind wir Ärzte gesunde Helfer, die Patienten kranke Hilfsbedürftige. Wir tragen den weißen Kittel, sie das Flügelhemd. Einige von uns sind selbst Patienten und wir alle haben schon kranke Ärzte behandelt. Was passiert, wenn Ärzte schwer erkranken? Wir drei krebskranke Ärzte berichten über unseren Perspektivwechsel. Unsere Erfahrungen ermöglichen uns, vom Ende her zu denken, und prägen nachhaltig unseren Blick auf die moderne Medizin.
Burkitt-Lymphom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: December 2022

Für die beiden Chemotherapieregime R-CODOX-M/R-IVAC und DA-EPOCH-R in der Behandlung von Patienten mit Hochrisiko-Burkitt-Lymphom gab es bisher keinen Head-to-Head-Vergleich. Dies wurde nun in einer Studie der HOVON/SAKK nachgeholt und das DA-EPOCH-R-Regime als neuer Standard ermittelt.
Immunthrombozytopenie
Authors: Schöllmann Claudia
Published: December 2022

In einer Primäranalyse der laufenden Phase-II-Studie TAPER, die auf der Jahrestagung der European Hematology Association (EHA) 2022 präsentiert wurde, erreichte der Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonist (TPO-RA) Eltrombopag (Revolade®) bei einem relevanten Anteil von Patient*innen mit Immunthrombozytopenie (ITP) ein anhaltendes Ansprechen nach Absetzen.
Mantelzelllymphom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: December 2022

Durch eine zusätzliche Ibrutinib-Therapie zu Rituximab plus Bendamustin konnte das progressionsfreie Überleben älterer Patienten mit Mantelzelllymphom signifikant um rund 2 Jahre verlängert werden. Dies zeigen die beim EHA 2022 präsentierten Ergebnisse der SHINE-Studie.