bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
جۆراوجۆری زمانی له‌ كۆمه‌ڵگای كوردیدا
Authors: Hamaxarib Shalaw S. , Saeed Youssef Sh.
Published: August 2017

ئه‌م توێژینه‌وه‌یه‌ تایبه‌ت كراوه‌ به‌ باسكردن و شیكردنه‌وه‌ى لایه‌نه‌ جیاجیاكان و جۆراوجۆرى زمانى كه‌ له‌ چوارچێوه‌ى كۆزمانه‌وانیدا (sociolinguistics) گرینگى پێده‌درێت و توێژینه‌وه‌ى ده‌رباره‌ ده‌كرێت.توێینه‌وه‌كه‌ هه‌وڵده‌دات وه‌ڵامى ئه‌م دوو پرسیاره‌ بداته‌وه‌:1- ئایا جۆراوجۆرى زمانى له‌ هه‌موو كۆمه‌ڵگا زمانییه‌كاندا وه‌كو یه‌كه‌؟2- ئه‌و هۆكارانه‌ چین كه‌ ده‌بنه‌ هۆى سه‌رهه‌ڵدان و په‌یدابوونى جۆراوجۆرى له‌ كۆمه‌ڵگاى كوردیدا له‌ ڕووى چۆنیه‌تى و چییه‌تییه‌وه‌؟توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ له‌ دوو به‌ش و پێشه‌كى و ئه‌نجام پێكهاتووه‌. له‌ به‌شى یه‌كه‌مدا جۆراوجۆرى زمانى پێناسه‌كراوه‌ و تیشك خراوه‌ته‌ سه‌ر چه‌مك و زاراوه‌كانى جۆراوجۆرى زمانى له‌ ڕوانگه‌ى بۆچوونه‌ جیاوازه‌كانى زمانه‌وانه‌كانه‌وه‌، به‌ تایبه‌تى له‌ پۆلینكردن و هۆیه‌كانى سه‌رهه‌ڵدان و په‌یدابوونى جۆراوجۆرى زمانى.له‌ به‌شى دووه‌مدا هۆكاره‌كانى په‌یدابوونى جۆراوجۆرى زمانى له‌ كۆمه‌ڵگاى كوردیدا به‌ تێر و ته‌سه‌لى باسكراوه‌ و نموونه‌ى پێویست له‌و باره‌وه‌ هێنراوه‌ته‌وه‌.له‌ كۆتاییدا گرینگترین ئه‌نجامه‌ به‌ده‌ستهاتووه‌كانى توێژینه‌وه‌كه‌ و لیستى سه‌رچاوه‌كان خراوه‌ته‌ڕوو.
Programa LEFI y lectura eficiente en docentes de la especialización en comunicación y matemática de II y III ciclo de la región Junín
Authors: Yarlequé Chocas Luis Alberto , Nuñez LLacuachaqui Edith Rocío , Navarro García Linda Loren
Published: August 2017

Esta investigación trata acerca del programa LEFI y sus efectos en lo que se ha denominado lectura eficiente, que incluye el nivel literal, inferencial, el crítico y la aplicación, además la velocidad lectora, así como el respeto a los signos de puntuación y la articulación correcta cuando se realiza la lectura en voz alta. Se han controlado variables como estabilidad de la atención, hábitos de lectura, memoria, pensamiento y caudal lexical. Se empleó el método experimental con un diseño pre experimental de dos grupos antes después. Los resultados han puesto de manifiesto entre otras cosas que el programa LEFI ha tenido efectos positivos sobre la velocidad y la calidad de lectura en voz alta, caudal lexical y la memoria indirecta. No se registraron correlaciones entre ninguna de las variables estudiadas.
Análisis estadístico del índice de dificultad de los ítems politómicos en las pruebas pedagógicas
Authors: Cárdenas Ayala Aníbal
Published: August 2017

En el presente trabajo de investigación, se realizó el análisis estadístico edumétrico de los índices de dificultad de los ítems politómicos en las pruebas pedagógicas que se aplican a los alumnos de las instituciones educativas de la Región Junín. Tuvo como objetivos establecer los factores ponderativos equivalentes a 0 ó 1, de los calificativos asignados a los ítems politómicos, elaborar algoritmos de cálculo del índice de dificultad de los ítems politómicos y determinar el índice de dificultad de los ítems politómicos en las pruebas pedagógicas que se aplican a los alumnos de las instituciones educativas de la Región Junín. Verificando la hipótesis: existen índices de dificultad de los ítems politómicos en las pruebas pedagógicas que se aplican a los alumnos de las instituciones educativas de la Región Junín. La investigación es del tipo tecnológico-aplicada con un diseño descriptivo simple. Se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, Facultad de Educación, a lo largo de un año calendario comprendido entre el 2011-07-01 y el 2012-06-30. Se concluyó que, de acuerdo a los análisis y discusión de los resultados, son pertinentes, el cuadro de equiva lencias y el algoritmo de cálculo propuesto, para determinar el índice de dificultad de los ítems politómicos de las pruebas pedagógicas que se aplican a los alumnos de las instituciones educativas de la Región Junín. 
Inclusión de la Filosofía en los estudios de Maestría y Doctorado. El caso de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Authors: Moya Rojas Nicanor , Baltazar Castañeda Luis Alberto
Published: August 2017

Se analiza la limitada visión del mundo, la naturaleza, la sociedad y sus diversos problemas que muestran la mayoría de los estudiantes de Maestría y Doctorado, especialmente en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, en tanto que en sus programaciones curriculares no se incluyen contenidos de la filosofía y sus disciplinas, propiciando con ello conocimientos fragmentados, acentuando el saber especializado, en desmedro de lo universal; igualmente se desmerece los aportes ético-axiológicos, estéticos y políticos, consustanciales a los seres humanos
El problema de la personalidad.
Authors: Lamas Rojas Héctor
Published: August 2017

Se presentan un conjunto de ideas que apuntan a la exigencia del estudio de la personalidad como sistema superior de regulación psíquica, el estudio sistémico e integral de sus relaciones con el medio: la unidad del hombre, una visión holística y teleológica del ser humano, de las diferencias individuales que debe permitir identificar dichas diferencias a partir de la forma de comportamiento de los individuos en sus circunstancias cotidianas.
Poder discriminativo y nivel de exigencia de los exámenes de selección.
Authors: Cárdenas Ayala Aníbal
Published: August 2017

En el presente trabajo se determinó, los estadígrafos edumétricos, poder discriminativo y nivel de dificultad, de los exámenes de admisión que se administraron la UNCP en el 2008. Tuvo como objetivos específicos, medir el grado en que los ítems de los exámenes de admisión a la UNCP son capaces de establecer diferencias entre postulantes con niveles altos o bajos en habilidades, capacidades, aptitudes o conocimientos; clasificar por nivel de dificultad cada uno de los ítems de los exámenes de admisión a la UNCP; así como, determinar el poder predictivo, el que se estará realizando en el año 2013, fecha en la que los ingresantes en el 2008 egresarán. La investigación es tecnológico–aplicada con un diseño descriptivo comparativo. Se llevó a cabo en la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú, a lo largo del año 2008. Llegando a la conclusión de que las pruebas de admisión que se administran en la UNCP tienen poder discriminativo aceptable y alto nivel de dificultad. 
Creatividad y autoestima en docentes de Junín.
Authors: Nuñez Llacuachaqui Rocío Edith
Published: August 2017

El estudio que se presenta se ubica dentro del tipo de investigación aplicada, es de nivel explicativo y con método descriptivo; tuvo como propósito establecer si influye o no la creatividad en la autoestima de los docentes de educación básica regular de la región Junín. La muestra fue de 205 docentes de los 3 niveles de EBR, fue evaluada con una escala de autoestima y con la prueba de creatividad EIBC-R de Sánchez y Reyes. Los resultados mostraron que la creatividad en general y ninguno de sus componentes influyen en la autoestima de los docentes de Educación Básica Regular de Junín.
Páthos, Êthos y Vida Atenta.
Authors: Polo Santillán Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2017

El artículo explora la relación entre páthos y êthos y cómo ha sido su devenir en el tiempo. Y afirma que la separación entre ambos produce crisis en las personas y los grupos humanos. Por lo que su articulación pasa por fundamentar dicha relación en la vida atenta. Así, recuperar los nexos entre razón y vida, requiere de la percepción atenta de la realidad.
Leer y escribir… más allá de la escuela.
Authors: Maco Inga Ethel Carol , Contreras Solís Elwin Huber
Published: August 2017

La lectura y la escritura son entendidas como dos procesos complementarios, donde saber leer y escribir no significan sólo conocer el sistema alfabético de escritura, saber hacer letras o poder decirlas en un acto de lectura. Saber leer y escribir es hacer uso adecuado del lenguaje escrito, utilizando textos de circulación social, en sus distintas variedades, interpretando sus diversos significados en situaciones comunicativas reales. Por ello, es necesario hacer de la escuela un ámbito donde la lectura y escritura sean prácticas sociales, donde leer y escribir sean instrumentos poderosos que permitan repensar el mundo y reorganizar el propio pensamiento, donde interpretar y producir textos sean derechos legítimos a ejercer, para convertirnos en verdaderos usuarios de la cultura escrita.
Deliberación y fortuna y vida atenta.
Authors: Polo Santillán Miguel Ángel
Published: August 2017

La deliberación como procedimiento ético y político para la toma de decisiones, es puesta en cuestión por la irrupción de la fortuna. ¿Debemos solo confiar en la deliberación? ¿Qué hacer ante la aparición de la fortuna? He aquí algunas reflexiones al respecto.
Vigilancia epistemológica.
Authors: Contreras Oré Fabio A.
Published: August 2017

En el presente artículo se trata de dos conceptos importantes de la Didáctica Fundamental: La Teoría de la Transposición Didáctica de Yves Chevallard que consiste en la trasformación del Saber Institucional al que se le denomina Saber Sabio o Saber Académico en un Saber a Enseñar, con la finalidad de que el docente comprenda que su labor principal no es repetir los contenidos tal y cómo él lo aprendió en su formación académica, sino en elaborar una versión didáctica del mismo, pero sin alterar, en lo sustancial la estructura. Sin embargo esta transposición didáctica si no es sometida en paralelo con un control, al que se le denomina Vigilancia Epistemológica, puede sufrir deformaciones o mantener vigentes teorías superadas por la evolución histórica.
Cognición en estudiantes de la Escuela Académico Profesional de Ciencias Naturales de la Universidad Nacional del Centro del Perú.
Authors: Gómez Chamorro Elizabeth Angelina
Published: August 2017

El estudio que se presenta se encuadra dentro del tipo de investigación Aplicada, con un nivel Descriptivo. Se trata de un trabajo en el que se investigó el desarrollo de los fenómenos cognitivos: atención, percepción; pensamiento y memoria; en el ambiente universitario estatal. Para ello se aplicaron 4 técnicas psicométricas (por cada fenómeno cognitivo) a 60 sujetos, comparando los resultados entre estudiantes de primeros ciclos con los de últimos ciclos. Los resultados mostraron que los estudiantes universitarios de primeros y últimos ciclos se ubican en niveles MEDIO–BAJO en cuanto a su desarrollo cognitivo en los fenómenos de atención, percepción, pensamiento y memoria; a su vez no existen diferencias significativas en el desarrollo de estos fenómenos entre estudiantes de primeros ciclos con los de últimos ciclos.
El método Y@chay para el aprendizaje de la informática educativa en los estudiantes del VII ciclo de Educación Básica Regular - Huánuco.
Authors: Colonia Zevallos Luis Angel
Published: August 2017

El objetivo principal fue,comprobar si la aplicación del método Y@chay mejora el aprendizaje de la informática educativa en los estudiantes del VII ciclo de la EBR de la I.E. Juana Moreno Huánuco. El método empleado para el e trabajo de investigación responde a una tipología de investigación experimental en su modalidad cuasi experimental, dado la naturaleza del problema en cuestión. Los resultados considerando la hipótesis planteada, fue comprobada, después de haber aplicado experimentalmente el método, se concluye que: el método Y@ chay, mejora significativamente el aprendizaje de la informática educativa en los estudiantes del VII ciclo de la Educación Básica Regular, situación que se ve reflejada en los resultados y expresados en los cuadros y gráficos estadísticos. En la discusión al ser contrastadas con los referentes de las bases teóricas: como con lo que afirma la UNESCO en su publicación: Las TIC en la enseñanza, “El desafío principal consiste en darle el mejor uso posible a las TIC, de forma tal que permitan mejorar la calidad de la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, compartir conocimientos e información, crear un sistema flexible que responda a las necesidades de la sociedad”. Fue corroborado, ya que el método Y@chay empleó un conjunto de herramientas TIC, permitiendo, seleccionar, procesar, socializar y transferir información y conocimiento; dichos procesos fortalecieron y mejoraron significativamente el aprendizaje de la informática educativa.
La educación de los educadores en el desempeño docente
Authors: Barrientos Gutiérrez Pedro
Published: August 2017

El panorama caótico y caotizante de la sociedad en que vivimos requiere cambiar a una educación basada en la verdad, bondad, justicia y libertad para una sociedad con una filosofía de la sustentabilidad. Necesitamos aprender a vivir en nuestra propia interioridad, y vivir para aprender y enseñar con nuestro ejemplo de vida, asumiendo que el discurso académico en las instituciones educativas pase a la praxis pedagógica permanente (Preferible empezar con ejemplos para que el aprendizaje sea proceso de experiencias). El proceso educativo que se da en las instituciones educativas se ve reflejado en el desempeño docente que prioriza la reproducción de información académica y la memorización de contenidos para el examen dejando el lado humano del proceso educativo; ese ámbito subjetivo, intersubjetivo y sensible, ignorado por la ciencia y los mitos de la educación mecanicista.
Conocimiento y matrices epistémicas
Authors: Cerrón Rojas Waldemar José
Published: August 2017

Se interpreta el rol histórico e ideológico de la matriz epistémica que rige el origen, regularidades y formas culturales de conocer para comprender, que la verdad del conocimiento se soporta en el episteme.
Análisis estético de mis ecofábulas
Authors: Cerrón Rojas Waldemar José
Published: August 2017

Se interpreta la trascendencia del análisis del efecto estético de las obras literarias mediante las categorías: típico, individual, bello, feo, cómico, trágico y heroico para contrarrestar las deformidades sociales.
Pertinencia y valores en la educación.
Authors: Palomino León Juan De Dios Adalberto
Published: August 2017

En un contexto de “crisis de valores” y “crisis de la educación”, en el presente artículo, consideramos apropiado y partiendo del principio de pertinencia colocar en el centro de la reflexión sobre los valores al educando.
Los momentos de la sesión a través de las rutas de aprendizaje. Propuesta de trabajo para los alumnos de las carreras de educación secundaria de la UNDAC.
Authors: Pacheco Peña Eduardo M. , Porras Cosme Sanyorei
Published: August 2017

La planificación de la sesión de aprendizaje es un asunto fundamental en la formación profesional de los estudiantes de la Carrera de Educación en la Universidad Nacional Daniel Alcides Carrión. Su adecuada enseñanza teórico-práctica, los hará competentes en sus desempeños docentes en las diversas áreas de las instituciones educativas donde trabajen. La presente sistematización se hace en concordancia con la propuesta del Ministerio de Educación del Perú (MINEDU).
Errores lingüísticos y ortográficos del español en avisos publicitarios
Authors: Aquino Palacios Ingrid Maritza
Published: August 2017

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar los principales errores lingüísticos y ortográficos del español, en los textos escritos, que presentan los avisos publicitarios expuestos en la ciudad de Huancayo, el problema fue: ¿En los textos escritos,qué tipo de errores lingüísticos y ortográficos del español presentan los avisos publicitarios expuestos en la ciudad de Huancayo? La investigación es de tipo básica, con diseño descriptivo simple. El método que utilizó fu el descriptivo y el bibliográfico documental lingüístico y gramatical. La conclusión principal fue: Los principales errores lingüísticos del español que presentan los textos escritos de los avisos publicitarios expuestos en la ciudad de Huancayo son: semántico, sintáctico, y fonológico. Los principales errores ortográficos del español son: literal y acentual.
Pathogenic fungus in feral populations of the invasive North American bullfrog in Argentina
Authors: Ghirardi Romina , López Javier A. , Sanabria Eduardo A. , Quiroga Lorena B. , Levy Michael G.
Published: August 2017

This is a Short Note without an abstract.
Urea-Fibrinogen Slide Coagulase Test – A Simple Alternative Method for the Rapid Identification of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Sharma Binita Koirala , Gokhale S , Sharma K
Published: August 2017

Introduction: The accurate identification of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates requires a series of tests. Morphological features and slide coagulase test are two criteria on which S. aureus are identified. Resort to tube coagulase test is sought when results of slide coagulase test are equivocal or doubtful. Both coagulase tests detect the enzymes that convert fibrinogen into fibrin. Human, rabbit or sheep pooled plasma is used as substrate for both tests. Slide coagulase test is simpler and faster as compared to tube coagulase test. The plasma could be carrier of many human and animal pathogens like HIV, HBV, HCV etc. Storage of plasma for longer duration is fraught with chances of contamination. Improperly stored plasma can lead to false positive or negative results. Citrated plasma may be unsuitable for this test if contaminated with citrate utilizing bacteria. Considering the role of S. aureus as a common etiological agent in nosocomial and community infections, there is a need of implementing rapid, easy and cost-effective phenotypic test.Objectives: Considering the disadvantages and risks associated with fresh plasma, this study aims to launch for safer, more reliable substitute with longer shelf life that may provide reliable results for prompt identification of S. aureus by slide coagulase test.Methods: The present work evaluates slide coagulase test (SCT), and urea fibrinogen slide coagulase test (UF-SCT) for S. aureus detection considering Tube coagulase test (TCT) as the reference method. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive values of SCT and UF-SCT were calculated using TCT as gold standard. Results: A total of 150 staphylococcal isolates from different clinical specimens ere selected for the evaluation of coagulase tests. All the specimens were subjected to SCT, UF-SCT and TCT. The UF-SCT showed better sensitivity (95.04%), specificity (100%), PPV (100%), and NPV (82.85%) with reference to TCT. UF-SCT showed similar sensitivity and specificity to SCT. None of the isolates were negative in UF-SCT and positive in SCT. Since UF-SCT does not incorporate plasma directly and at the same time has a very good sensitivity and specificity, it is recommended that UF-SCT could replace SCT for identification of S. aureus.Conclusion: The findings of present study shall encourage laboratories to use the urea-fibrinogen slide coagulase test routinely for the rapid identification of S aureus.Journal of Gandaki Medical College  Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 5-10
Sonographic Measurement of Spleen in Relation to Age: A Prospective Study among Adult Nepalese People in Western Nepal
Authors: Sharma Keshab , Lamichhane PS , Sharma B , Sharma BK
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Splenomegaly is an enlargement of the spleen which is a quite common problem in any part of the world. Spleen is enlarged in various clinical disorders e.g. infections, metabolism or storage disor­ders and hematological abnormalities. Splenomegaly is an indicator of pathologic process that may be of primary splenic origin but also may be a reflection of disease in virtually any other organ system. Thus, it is important to estimate the splenic size in vivo in the diagnosis, treat­ment and prognosis of a variety of disorders.Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the normal dimension of the spleen in the adult Nepalese people.Methods: This is a prospective study in which 320 adults subjects were scanned by using 3.5 MHz curvilinear probe. We used ultrasonography to examine 160 males and 160 females, not to have any condition likely to be associated with splenic enlargement. The measurement for the length and thickness of spleen were obtained in right lateral position.Results: This study revealed the splenic dimensions for males were greater than in females. The men spleen length were (10.07 ±0.7 cm, 10.1 ±0.54 cm, 9.5 ±0.7 cm and 9.0 ±0.43 cm for age group of 16 - 30, 31 - 45, 46 - 60 and 61 - 75 years respectively). The females spleen length were (9.83 ±0.53 cm, 9.58 ±0.58cm, 9.2 ±0.64 cm and 8.8 ±0.36 cm for age group of 16 - 30, 31 - 45, 46 - 60 and 61 - 75 years respec­tively). The men spleen thickness were more (4.1 ±0.5 cm, 4.05 ±0.58 cm, 3.43 ±0.38 cm and 3.0 ±0.36 cm for age group of 16 - 30, 31 - 45, 46 - 60 and 61 - 75 years respectively). The females splenic thickness were 4.06 ±0.47 cm, 3.78 ±0.48 cm, 3.38 ±0.35 cm and 2.29 ±0.23 cm for age group of 16 - 30, 31 - 45, 46 - 60 and 61 - 75 years respectively. Thus significant differences between male and female splenic dimen­sions were found for each age group chosen (P <0.05).Conclusions: The results show that the splenic length and thickness decreased with increase in age in both males and females and all the di­mensions were greater in males than in females. This study established normogram that can be more reliably used as both a complementary modality to clinical evaluation and as a more sensitive means of evalu­ating and screening patients for splenic disorders for any pathologi­cal enlargement or reduction of size in clinical practice in a Nepalese populations.Journal of Gandaki Medical College  Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, page: 11-16
Study on Palmaris Longus Muscle Tendon Agenesis Among First Year Filipino Medical Students
Authors: Lamichhane Pujan Sharma , Sharma K , Lamichhane N
Published: August 2017

Introduction: In the recent years palmaris longus muscle tendon (PLMT) has become an extensively and intensively studied muscle all over the world. The main reason for this is the importance of PLMT which was recognized with development of plastic and reconstructive surgery. The possibilities of PLMT use has become bigger and bigger each dayObjectives: The study aimed to evaluate the incidence of agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon among first year Filipino medical students at OLFU.Methods: This study was conducted at the Our Lady of Fatima University Medical Centre, Valenzuela City, Philippines. A semi-structured proforma was used to record the relevant data for the study. The Thompson’s test was used for assessing palmaris longus muscle tendon. After taking consent total of 503 first year Filipino medical students were involved.Results: Out of total 503 subjects, 170 (33.80%) were males and 333 (66.20%) were females. Percentage of frequency of agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon in both genders was 17.05%. There was no significant gender and laterality difference in the incidence of the agenesis of palmaris longus muscle tendon. That means there are equal chances of palmaris longus muscle tendon agenesis in both gender and the laterality.Conclusions: There was no significant gender and laterality difference in the incidence of the agenesis of PLMT. This means that there are equal chances of PLMT agenesis in both gender and the laterality.Journal of Gandaki Medical College Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 17-20
Case Report on Secondary Peritonitis Caused by Jejunum Perforation
Authors: Pokhrel Amrit Prasad , Neupane BR , Gupta S , Upreti S , Shrestha A
Published: August 2017

The small intestine is third in frequency intraperitoneal organ injured after blunt trauma of abdomen. Peritonitis caused by isolated jejunum perforation is very rare. As most of these cases are accompanied with injuries with other structures in the abdomen, hence it is not suspected. Therefore failure in diagnosis and delay in treating these injuries significantly increase the morbidity and mortality of these patients. Here, we report a case of a 60 year old gentleman admitted in surgery department with severe abdominal pain, multiple episodes of vomiting followed to fast breathing and reduced consciousness. Our patient presented in septic shock, with toxic looks and clear cut rigid abdominal wall. To the best of our knowledge this is the first time we describe a case report on isolated jejunum perforation as a result of physical assault. Journal of Gandaki Medical College Vol. 10, No. 1, 2017, Page: 57-58
Evaluation of Stainless Steel Fasteners for Bolted Field Splice Connections of ASTM A1010 Corrosion-Resistant Steel Plate Girders
Authors: Williams Thomas R. , Xia Xuemeng , Darby Thomas E. , Sharp Stephen R.
Published: August 2017

The Virginia Department of Transportation, Richmond, initiated this study to compare the mechanical properties, availability, and costs of stainless steel fastener materials for use with ASTM A1010 stainless steel plate. The investigation focused on fastener materials included in ASTM A193 and compared them with ASTM A325 bolts. The ASTM A193 bolts tested were the B6, B8, and B8M. Test results indicated that the ASTM A193 B8 fasteners provided the most economic combination of mechanical strength, corrosion resistance, and cost. Uniaxial tension tests and Skidmore–Wilhelm rotational capacity tests revealed that the B6 fasteners had high strength but lower ductility, whereas the B8M fasteners had lower strength but higher ductility. The B8 fastener had an ideal combination of strength and ductility. The mechanical performance of the ASTM A193 fasteners was improved further by the use of hardened washers. Because the bolts are hot forged, sensitization, which can reduce corrosion resistance, was of concern. Standard testing indicated that the B8 and B8M as-received bolts were unsensitized. The cost of the B8 fasteners compared favorably with that of other stainless steel fasteners. Further, the B8 fasteners are available from manufacturers that comply with Buy America requirements. The cost of stainless steel fasteners is higher than that of ASTM A325 steel fasteners. As their use increases, however, larger orders may help reduce prices. The initial research indicates that stainless fasteners could be a structurally sound option to use to build reduced maintenance bridges.
Wisconsin Department of Transportation Hot-Mix Asphalt Round Robin Laboratory Qualification Testing Program
Authors: Whited Gary C. , Nassereddine Hala , Paye Barry
Published: August 2017

The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (DOT), Madison, uses a quality management program (QMP) specification for acceptance and payment of hot-mix asphalt (HMA) pavement. The QMP allows for product acceptance on the basis of contractor quality control (QC) testing when verified by the Wisconsin DOT quality verification (QV) tests. The contractor is required to do daily QC testing of mix properties in a department-certified, qualified laboratory located at the plant site. The Wisconsin DOT maintains a QV program (QVP) and conducts QV tests to determine the quality of the final product. QV and QC test results are compared, and a mix is considered acceptably verified if the two results are within specified limits. When test results do not meet these limits, the Wisconsin DOT performs referee tests to determine mixture conformance, acceptability, and payment. In 2011, the Wisconsin DOT began to see significant increases in the number of requests for referee testing as a result of wide disparities between QC and QV laboratory test results. To investigate this disparity, the department initiated a round robin laboratory test program. Results from the investigation proved to be insightful. The program was expanded and is now a key component of the Wisconsin DOT annual laboratory qualification certification program. This paper describes the program, how it is administered, how tests results are analyzed, and how nonconforming laboratories are identified. Test results obtained from the program are presented and recommendations developed for program improvements. The program details should be useful to other state highway agencies that use contractor QC tests for acceptance.
A novel route to the synthesis of α,ω-diphenylalkanes
Authors: Chen Hui , Chen Yancai , Zhang Yinlong , Yang Zhenqiang , Li Ji , Yang Ruina , Wang Wenxin
Published: August 2017

A novel route to the synthesis of α,ω-diphenylalkanes is reported. Toluene was metalated in the benzylic position by n-butyllithium with THF as an activating reagent, and then directly reacted with α,ω-dichloroalkanes to obtain the target product. This process provides a facile and efficient route to the synthesis of α,ω-diphenylalkanes.
Vibratory Reliability Analysis of an Aircraft’s Wing via Fluid–Structure Interactions
Authors: El Maani Rabii , Radi Bouchaïb , El Hami Abdelkhalak
Published: August 2017

The numerical simulation of multiphysics problems has grown steadily in recent years. This development is due to both the permanent increase of IT resources and the considerable progress made in modeling, mathematical and numerical analysis of many problems in fluid and solid mechanics. The phenomena related to fluid/structure mechanical coupling occurs in many industrial situations, and the influence it may have on the dynamic behavior of mechanical systems is often significant. In this paper, a numerical vibratory study is conducted on a three-dimensional aircraft’s wing subjected to aerodynamic loads. Finite volume method (FVM) is used for the discretization of the fluid problem, and finite element method (FEM) is used for the structure’s approximation. In this context, a deterministic model has been proposed in our study, then stochastic analysis has been developed to deal with the statistical nature of fluid–structure interaction parameters. Moreover, probabilistic-based reliability analysis intends to find safe and cost-effective projects.
A Framework for Proactive Resource Provisioning in IaaS Clouds
Authors: Lee Yi-Hsuan , Huang Kuo-Chan , Wu Cheng-Hsien , Kuo Yen-Hsuan , Lai Kuan-Chou
Published: August 2017

Cloud computing is an emerging technology for rapidly provisioning and releasing resources on-demand from a shared resource pool. When big data is analyzed/mined on the cloud platform, the efficiency of resource provisioning would affect the system performance. This work proposes a framework for proactive resource provisioning in IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) clouds to improve system performance. The proposed framework consists of the virtual cluster computing system, the profiling system, the resource management system, and the monitoring system. In this framework, the over-commit mechanism is applied to improve resource utilization. Furthermore, a proactive task scheduling approach is also present to prevent the postponement of tasks in critical stages, especially when the amount of aggregated resources requested by virtual machines exceeds that of available resources on the over-committed physical machines. Experimental results show that the over-commit approach indeed improves the resource utilization. However, when the degree of applying the over-commit approach increases, the burden of this proposed approach also conceivably increases. Therefore, the proposed framework further applies the proactive task scheduling approach to execute the time-critical tasks earlier to shorten the processing time. A small-scale cloud system including 3 servers is built for experiments. Preliminary experimental results show the performance improvement of our proposed framework in IaaS clouds.
An Advanced Radiative Transfer and Neural Network Scheme and Evaluation for Estimating Water Vapor Content from MODIS Data
Authors: Mao Kebiao , Shen Xinyi , Zuo Zhiyuan , Ma Ying , Liu Guang , Tang Huajun
Published: August 2017

This work made an improvement upon and a further evaluation of previous work for estimating water vapor content from near-infrared around 1 μm from MODIS data. The accuracy of RM-NN is determined by the complicated relationship of the geophysical parameters. An advanced scheme is proposed for building different training databases for different seasons in different regions to reduce the complexity. The training database includes three parts. The first part is a simulation database by MODTRAN for different weather conditions, which is made as a basic database; the second part is reliable field measurement data in observation stations; and the third part is the MYD05_L2 product on clear days, which is produced by the standard product algorithm for water vapor content. The comparative analyses based on simulation data indicate that maximum accuracy of single condition could be improved by about 34% relative to the “all conditions” results. Two study regions in China and America are selected as test areas, and the evaluation shows that the mean and the standard deviation of estimation error are about 0.08 g cm−2 and 0.09 g cm−2, respectively. All the analysis indicates that the advanced scheme can improve the retrieval accuracy of water vapor content, which can make full use of the advantages of previous methods.
Occurrence and Potential Sources of Quinones Associated with PM2.5 in Guadalajara, Mexico
Authors: Barradas-Gimate Adriana , Murillo-Tovar Mario , Díaz-Torres José , Hernández-Mena Leonel , Saldarriaga-Noreña Hugo , Delgado-Saborit Juana , López-López Alberto
Published: August 2017

This study aims to establish the influence of primary emission sources and atmospheric transformation process contributing to the concentrations of quinones associated to particulate matter of less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) in three sites within the Metropolitan Area of Guadalajara (MAG), namely Centro (CEN), Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU). Environmental levels of quinones extracted from PM2.5 filters were analyzed using Gas Chromatography coupled to Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Overall, primary emissions in combination with photochemical and oxidation reactions contribute to the presence of quinones in the urban atmosphere of MAG. It was found that quinones in PM2.5 result from the contributions from direct emission sources by incomplete combustion of fossil fuels such as diesel and gasoline that relate mainly to vehicular activity intensity in the three sampling sites selected. However, this also suggests that the occurrence of quinones in MAG can be related to photochemical transformation of the parent Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), to chemical reactions with oxygenated species, or a combination of both routes. The higher concentration of 1,4-Chrysenequinone during the rainy season compared to the warm-dry season indicates chemical oxidation of chrysene, since the humidity could favor singlet oxygen collision with parent PAH present in the particle phase. On the contrary, 9,10-Anthraquinone/Anthracene and 1,4-Naftoquinone/Naphthalene ratios were higher during the warm-dry season compared to the rainy season, which might indicate a prevalence of the photochemical formation during the warm-dry season favored by the large solar radiation typical of the season. In addition, the estimated percentage of photochemical formation of 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone showed that the occurrence of this compound in Tlaquepaque (TLA) and Las Águilas (AGU) sites is mainly propagated by conditions of high solar radiation such as in the warm-dry season and during long periods of advection of air masses from emission to the reception areas. This was shown by the direct association between the number hourly back trajectories arriving in the TLA and AGU from Centro and other areas in MAG and the highest photochemical formation percentage.
The Influence of Drop Size Distributions on the Relationship between Liquid Water Content and Radar Reflectivity in Radiation Fogs
Authors: Thies Boris , Egli Sebastian , Bendix Jörg
Published: August 2017

This study investigates the temporal dynamics of the drop size distribution (DSD) and its influence on the relationship between the liquid water content (LWC) and the radar reflectivity (Z) in fogs. Data measured during three radiation fog events at the Marburg Ground Truth and Profiling Station in Linden-Leihgestern, Germany, form the basis of this analysis. Specifically, we investigated the following questions: (1) Do the different fog life cycle stages exhibit significantly different DSDs? (2) Is it possible to identify characteristic DSDs for each life cycle stage? (3) Is it possible to derive reliable Z-LWC relationships by means of a characteristic DSD? The results showed that there were stage-dependent differences in the fog life cycles, although each fog event was marked by unique characteristics, and a general conclusion about the DSD during the different stages could not be made. A large degree of variation within each stage also precludes the establishment of a representative average spectrum.
EMT/MET at the Crossroad of Stemness, Regeneration and Oncogenesis: The Ying-Yang Equilibrium Recapitulated in Cell Spheroids
Authors: Forte Elvira , Chimenti Isotta , Rosa Paolo , Angelini Francesco , Pagano Francesca , Calogero Antonella , Giacomello Alessandro , Messina Elisa
Published: August 2017

The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is an essential trans-differentiation process, which plays a critical role in embryonic development, wound healing, tissue regeneration, organ fibrosis, and cancer progression. It is the fundamental mechanism by which epithelial cells lose many of their characteristics while acquiring features typical of mesenchymal cells, such as migratory capacity and invasiveness. Depending on the contest, EMT is complemented and balanced by the reverse process, the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). In the saving economy of the living organisms, the same (Ying-Yang) tool is integrated as a physiological strategy in embryonic development, as well as in the course of reparative or disease processes, prominently fibrosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. These mechanisms and their related signaling (e.g., TGF-β and BMPs) have been effectively studied in vitro by tissue-derived cell spheroids models. These three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems, whose phenotype has been shown to be strongly dependent on TGF-β-regulated EMT/MET processes, present the advantage of recapitulating in vitro the hypoxic in vivo micro-environment of tissue stem cell niches and their formation. These spheroids, therefore, nicely reproduce the finely regulated Ying-Yang equilibrium, which, together with other mechanisms, can be determinant in cell fate decisions in many pathophysiological scenarios, such as differentiation, fibrosis, regeneration, and oncogenesis. In this review, current progress in the knowledge of signaling pathways affecting EMT/MET and stemness regulation will be outlined by comparing data obtained from cellular spheroids systems, as ex vivo niches of stem cells derived from normal and tumoral tissues. The mechanistic correspondence in vivo and the possible pharmacological perspective will be also explored, focusing especially on the TGF-β-related networks, as well as others, such as SNAI1, PTEN, and EGR1. This latter, in particular, for its ability to convey multiple types of stimuli into relevant changes of the cell transcriptional program, can be regarded as a heterogeneous "stress-sensor" for EMT-related inducers (growth factor, hypoxia, mechano-stress), and thus as a therapeutic target.
Direct Conversion of Propylene Oxide to 3-Hydroxy Butyric Acid Using a Cobalt Carbonyl Ionic Liquid Catalyst
Authors: Rajendiran Senkuttuvan , Park Gyoosoon , Yoon Sungho
Published: August 2017

The reported catalytic system demonstrates the possibility of efficient mass production of 3-hydroxybutyric acid (3-HBA) from inexpensive raw materials. The direct coupling of propylene oxide, water, and CO was catalyzed by 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium cobalt tetracarbonyl ([Bmim][Co(CO)4]) ionic liquid to form 3-HBA with >99% conversion (49% selectivity) under mild conditions.
Using an Interactive Lattice Boltzmann Solver in Fluid Mechanics Instruction
Authors: Glessmer Mirjam , Janßen Christian
Published: August 2017

This article gives an overview of the diverse range of teaching applications that can be realized using an interactive lattice Boltzmann simulation tool in fluid mechanics instruction and outreach. In an inquiry-based learning framework, examples are given of learning scenarios that address instruction on scientific results, scientific methods or the scientific process at varying levels of student activity, from consuming to applying to researching. Interactive live demonstrations on portable hardware enable new and innovative teaching concepts for fluid mechanics, also for large audiences and in the early stages of the university education. Moreover, selected examples successfully demonstrate that the integration of high-fidelity CFD methods into fluid mechanics teaching facilitates high-quality student research work within reach of the current state of the art in the respective field of research.
Multiparty Delegated Quantum Computing
Authors: Kashefi Elham , Pappa Anna
Published: August 2017

Quantum computing has seen tremendous progress in the past few years. However, due to limitations in the scalability of quantum technologies, it seems that we are far from constructing universal quantum computers for everyday users. A more feasible solution is the delegation of computation to powerful quantum servers on the network. This solution was proposed in previous studies of blind quantum computation, with guarantees for both the secrecy of the input and of the computation being performed. In this work, we further develop this idea of computing over encrypted data, to propose a multiparty delegated quantum computing protocol in the measurement-based quantum computing framework. We prove the security of the protocol against a dishonest server and against dishonest clients, under the assumption of common classical cryptographic constructions.
Atomistic Insights into the Effects of Residual Stress during Nanoindentation
Authors: Sun Kun , Shi Junqin , Ma Lifeng
Published: August 2017

The influence of in-plane residual stress on Hertzian nanoindentation for single-crystal copper thin film is investigated using molecular dynamics simulations (MD). It is found that: (i) the yield strength of incipient plasticity increases with compressive residual stress, but decreases with tensile residual stress; (ii) the hardness decreases with tensile residual stress, and increases with compressive residual stress, but abruptly drops down at a higher compressive residual stress level, because of the deterioration of the surface; (iii) the indentation modulus reduces linearly with decreasing compressive residual stress (and with increasing tensile residual stress). It can be concluded from the MD simulations that the residual stress not only strongly influences the dislocation evolution of the plastic deformation process, but also significantly affects the size of the plastic zone.
The Coupled Effect of Fines Mobilization and Salt Precipitation on CO2 Injectivity
Authors: Sokama-Neuyam Yen Adams , Forsetløkken Sindre Langås , Lien Jhon-eirik , Ursin Jann Rune
Published: August 2017

In terms of storage capacity and containment efficiency, deep saline aquifers are among the best candidates for CO2 storage. However, salt precipitation in the wellbore vicinity and fines mobilization ensued from in situ mineral dissolution could impair CO2 injectivity and reduce the quality and capacity of deep saline reservoirs for CO2 storage. The mechanisms of salt precipitation and its impact on CO2 injectivity have been studied, but the effects of fines mobilization have not been properly investigated. We conducted core-flood experiments and theoretical studies to investigate the impact of fines mobilization on CO2 injectivity, the relative contribution of fines mobilization and salt precipitation to injectivity impairment, and the coupled effect of salt precipitation and fines mobilization. We found that, mineral dissolution and transport effects could induce up to about 26% injectivity impairment. The findings also suggest that about 0.3 wt % particle concentration in the pore fluid could induce over twofold injectivity impairment compared to about 10 wt % of total dissolved salt in the formation water. Salt precipitation was also found to compound injectivity impairment induced by fines mobilization. The present study provides important insight, and could serve as a foundation to inspire further experimental and theoretical investigation into the effects of mineral dissolution and fines mobilization in the context of CO2 injectivity.
Understanding Measurement Reporting and Verification Systems for REDD+ as an Investment for Generating Carbon Benefits
Authors: Di Lallo Giulio , Mundhenk Philip , Marchetti Marco , Köhl Michael
Published: August 2017

Reducing emissions from forests—generating carbon credits—in return for REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation) payments represents a primary objective of forestry and development projects worldwide. Setting reference levels (RLs), establishing a target for emission reductions from avoided deforestation and degradation, and implementing an efficient monitoring system underlie effective REDD+ projects, as they are key factors that affect the generation of carbon credits. We analyzed the interdependencies among these factors and their respective weights in generating carbon credits. Our findings show that the amounts of avoided emissions under a REDD+ scheme mainly vary according to the monitoring technique adopted; nevertheless, RLs have a nearly equal influence. The target for reduction of emissions showed a relatively minor impact on the generation of carbon credits, particularly when coupled with low RLs. Uncertainties in forest monitoring can severely undermine the derived allocation of benefits, such as the REDD+ results-based payments to developing countries. Combining statistically-sound sampling designs with Lidar data provides a means to reduce uncertainties and likewise increases the amount of accountable carbon credits that can be claimed. This combined approach requires large financial resources; we found that results-based payments can potentially pay-off the necessary investment in technologies that would enable accurate and precise estimates of activity data and emission factors. Conceiving of measurement, reporting and verification (MRV) systems as investments is an opportunity for tropical countries in particular to implement well-defined, long-term forest monitoring strategies.
Contributions of China’s Wood-Based Panels to CO2 Emission and Removal Implied by the Energy Consumption Standards
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhang Han , Nie Ying , Yang Hongqiang
Published: August 2017

Life cycle analysis on wood-based panels in terms of CO2 flux can be used to quantitatively assess the climate change contributions of these materials. In this study, the annual CO2 flux between 1990 and 2015 was calculated through gate-to-gate life cycle analysis of wood-based panels. As implied by the energy consumption standards, China’s wood-based panels used to be carbon sources during the period 1990–2007, with the average contribution to CO2 emissions of 9.20 Mt/year. The implementation of new standards and the development of Cleaner production technologies in China, decreased the energy consumption per panel. China’s wood-based panels acted as a carbon sink between 2008 and 2015, with the average contribution to CO2 removal of 31.71 Mt/year. Plywood produced the largest contributions to the emission and removal of CO2, and was followed by fiberboard and particleboard. China’s wood-based panels, with good prospects and strong demands projected in the future, can potentially contribute to climate change mitigation.