bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Ethical – A Priori Metaphysics Versus Pragmatism
Authors:   “St. Cyril and St. Methodius” University of Veliko Tarnovo, Bulgaria, Markova Ilinida
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the constant aspiration of special sciences to appropriate abstract categorical concepts in order to break and mould them, so that they become suitable for their theories and analyses of the subject they study. Such pragmatism cannot be ignored as it inevitably accompanies the encounter with any knowledge. But to what extent does it develop such knowledge?!
Smart School Management System of Presence Monitoring Teacher as A Realtime with Rad (Rapid Application Development) Method at Khadijah High School Surabaya
Authors: Tias Rahmawati Febrifyaning , Hamidah Mas Nurul , Arizal Arif , Setyatama Fardanto
Published: December 2021

This research create an application for monitoring the presence of teachers when carrying out teaching activities in real time at Khadijah High School Surabaya. The method that will be used in making this application is to use the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method. The RAD method is an application development process based on prototyping, iteration, and repeated feedback. That way the applications that are made can be developed and repaired quickly and are in accordance with the needs and developments of the super-fast digital world. The process of testing this application is carried out by simulating the teaching and learning process carried out by the teacher and monitored directly by the principal in real time. Smart school management system application as a real-time monitoring of teacher attendance using the RAD (Rapid Application Development) method at SMA Khadijah Surabaya. The results of this study are very useful for school principals to monitor teachers in teaching and learning activities at Khadijah High School Surabaya and also make it easier for teachers to make attendance at teaching and learning activities every time.
SISTEM INFORMASI SIMPAN PINJAM PADA KOPERASI HARAPAN BARU
Authors: Hartanto Rudi , Yusuf Mahmud , Retnowati Niken
Published: December 2021

Proses pengolahan data yang berlangsung di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Harapan Baru belum terkomputerisasi atau masih manual seperti pengolahan data Nasabah, data Tabungan, data Pinjaman dan data Angsuran. Petugas masih menggunakan tulis tangan dan di backup dalam kertas. Dengan bertambahnya Nasabah maka Koperasi Harapan Baru terutama petugas Koperasi akan mengalami kesulitan sehingga pelayanannya kurang optimal. Hal ini mengakibatkan pengolahan data menjadi lama dan jika apabila terjadi sesuatu bisa di mungkinkan tidak ada backup datanya karena dituliskan secara manual. Keamanan terhadap data yang telah dikelola pun rentan akan resiko hilang sehingga harus dijaga. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membagun sistem informasi di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Harapan Baru. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dengan observasi dan wawancara secara langsung pada pimpinan Koperasi Harapan Baru untuk mendapatkan informasi- informasi yang diperlukan. Bahan dan materi penelitian berupa informasi tentang Koperasi Harapan Baru. Alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu satu unit laptop dan software Microsoft Visual Foxpro 9.0. Hasil penelitian diperoleh suatu sistem berbasis dekstop berupa aplikasi sistem informasi simpan pinjam pada Koperasi Harapan Baru. Aplikasi dapat dijadikan alternatif bagi koperasi untuk mempermudah dalam pengelolaan data nasabah dengan menyajikan informasi secara cepat, akurat dan mampu menghemat waktu sehingga laporan yang dibutuhkan akan dengan mudah diperoleh dan tepat waktu
SISTEM INFORMASI PAKAIAN JADI BERBASIS WEB (STUDI KASUS WOOD PECKER STORE)
Authors: Arfianto Widia , Joko Hendro , Budi Fajar , Nugroho Nurhasan
Published: December 2021

Wood Pocker Store adalah sebuah distro yang masih menggunakan model pemasaran dari mulut ke mulut. Akibatnya, perkembangan pemasaran Wood Pecker Store berjalan lambat dan belum juga mencapai target kenaikan penjualan yang telah ditentukan sebelumnya. Sistem informasi pakaian jadi berbasis website adalah salah satu cara pemasaran yang lebih efektif dari sekedar mulut ke mulut. Website dapat menjangkau pelanggan lebih luas baik apalagi sistem tersebut juga dapat melayani pemesanan produk Wood Pocker Store. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun sistem pakaian jadi berbasis Web tersebut. Adanya sistem ini diharapkan dapat mempermudah Wood Pocker Store untuk memperluas jangkauan pemasaran produk-produknya. Selain itu, adanya website ini diharapkan dapat mempermudah bagi pelanggan Wood Pocker Store untuk memilih dan memesan produk-produk Wood Pocker Store tanpa perlu datang ke toko langsung. Hal ini sekaligus mendukung program pemerintah untuk tetap di rumah saja akibat pandemi covid. Tahapan yang akan dijalankan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, perancangan dan implementasi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan observasi. Diagram Konteks, DFD, ERD, dan desain antarmuka adalah hasil dari tahap perancangan. Pada tahap implementasi, semua rancangan tersebut diimplementasikan menjadi sistem yang bisa digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini adalah sebuah sistem yang dapat digunakan sebagai media promosi maupun media pemesanan dari Wood Pocker Store.
Plataformas digitales y reputación académica
Authors: Calvo Brenda Siso , Arquero Avilés Rosario
Published: December 2021

Análisis de las preferencias de los académicos españoles del área de Biblioteconomía y Documentación (ByD) en el uso de las plataformas digitales para difundir y promocionar su actividad investigadora como estrategia de reputación académica. La población de estudio está compuesta por los 255 académicos adscritos a los departamentos del área de referencia de 12 universidades públicas españolas. La metodología se desarrolla a partir de la exploración sistemática mediante la búsqueda manual de la población en un conjunto de plataformas digitales: blog personal, página web personal, ORCID, Twitter, Linkedin, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, Academia.edu, Mendeley y el Directorio Exit. Se definieron tres variables principales de análisis desde la perspectiva de la gestión de la reputación académica: presencia de perfiles digitales, gestión de la identidad digital y visibilidad de la producción científica. Los resultados revelan que ResearchGate y Google Scholar son las plataformas más populares entre la comunidad estudiada y permiten intuir la ausencia de una estrategia o de un método para la gestión consciente de las plataformas digitales y de la reputación académica.
Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible y Aprendizaje Servicio en la docencia universitaria
Authors: Arquero-Avil´és Rosario , Cobo-Serrano Silvia , Marco-Cuenca Gonzalo , Siso-Calvo Brenda
Published: December 2021

Las universidades se configuran como instituciones clave para responder activamente al cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) de la “Agenda 2030” de la ONU. A pesar de que han surgido algunas iniciativas para responder a dicho reto, se constata la necesidad de incrementar las acciones e iniciativas que respondan a tal finalidad y que surjan desde el ámbito universitario. A dicho enfoque se vincula el estudio de caso que se presenta. Se ha desarrollado una experiencia de docencia universitaria en el área de Biblioteconomía y Documentación, sustentada en establecer una vinculación entre la metodología docente de Aprendizaje Servicio (ApS) y la incorporación de una perspectiva basada en los ODS en la formación de los bibliotecarios, archiveros y documentalistas.
Avances en sistemas jurídicos de recuperación de documentos
Authors: Galindo Ayuda Fernando
Published: December 2021

Los sistemas de recuperación de documentos están en continua mejoría: mediante la incorporación de utilidades dependientes de la expansión de su uso, el avance de las aplicaciones tecnológicas y el claro deslinde de sus funciones. El trabajo propone mediante la consideración de varios ejemplos, desarrollados en el ámbito jurídico, tomarlos como referencia para promover el perfeccionamiento de tales sistemas en otros ámbitos.
Mensaje político y eficacia electoral: microsegmentación en redes sociales en las elecciones seccionales de Quito
Authors: Calderón Larrea María José , Jaramillo Ampuero Ismael
Published: December 2021

El presente trabajo busca delimitar, en primer lugar, las características fundamentales que han girado en torno a los ejercicios de definición y uso de las plataformas digitales en campañas electorales. Para este fin, se analizará las particularidades del internet. En segundo lugar, se buscará comprender cómo este uso se ha ido implementando en el contexto ecuatoriano, con la finalidad de observar el trayecto de internet como medio de difusión masiva. Luego, se aproximará los mecanismos de estudio de mercado relacionados con las prácticas de microsegmentación, para, en último lugar, estudiar el caso de la campaña a la alcaldía de Jorge Yunda, el cual se ha configurado como un ejemplo de la aplicación, de manera efcaz, de la variabilidad del mensaje en el electorado, lo que ha sentado precedentes necesarios para defnir futuras contiendas electorales.
A Hypothetical Approach to Cosmic Inflation Incorporating Binary Entropy
Authors: Cantor Jerome
Published: December 2021

The current paper presents an alternative hypothesis for the termination of cosmic inflation based on Huang’s model of spacetime involving the movement of a superfluid through a random resistor network. Using this model, we previously derived a mathematical relationship between the velocity of a reference frame and the probability that a random bond is intact. As an extension of this finding, the permutations of open and closed bonds are now shown to represent potential microstates, thus providing a means of relating motion within the network to binary entropy. Applying this concept to cosmic inflation, termination of this process is an expected consequence of the changes in binary entropy associated with the increasing velocity of expansion.
Morphological classification and origin of lake depressions in Mongolia
Authors: Enkhbold Altanbold , Khukhuudei Ulambadrakh , Doljin Dash
Published: December 2021

An improved classification of the origin of lake depressions due to geological, geomorphological factors and climate change is a requirement of the day in Mongolia. We present a new holistic classification using comparative analysis method. This study suggests a two-tier classification in terms of origin and morphological feature of the lakes, which replaces the previous one-tier classification. Mongolia has identified 11 main and 26 subtypes of origin, and 8 main types of morphology, based on the features of 32 lake depressions. The result of the study shows that the lakes of Mongolia developed in 3 stages, first, affected by tectonic movement, followed by glacial and finally, owing to other exogenic factors. This morphological classification study will create the basic conditions for preserving and using these lakes more efficiently and ecologically in the future by making the classification of the origin of lake depression.
The result of the study on feeding Young pigs with mineral premixed feed
Authors: Dorjpurev Sangajav , Ayushjav Otgonjargal , Norovsambuu Togtokhbayar
Published: December 2021

We have conducted study on the impact on productivity when young pigs are fed with premixed full-formula feed. Based on the daily nutrient requirements for young pigs, we prepared 6 recipes, and fed 60 Landras pigs for 60 days. According to the results of the study, protein and mineral added recipes (recipes 1 and 5) for young pigs increase the daily weight gain by 34.5-39.2 per cent. Live nutrient weight and slaughter output are directly affected by feed nutrition, recipe digestion, and exchange energy amount.
Dostoevsky: The Philosophy of the Hideout
Authors: Andrulonis Krzysztof
Published: December 2021

This article reads Dostoevsky’s Notes from Underground with regard to the idea of the people from hideouts, formulated in Józef Tischner’s philosophical writing and inspired by Antoni Kępiński’s Psychopatie. It fi rst discusses Dostoevsky’s book in the context of Lev Shestov’s philosophy of tragedy so as to juxtapose this approach with Kępiński’s psychiatric and Tischner’s philosophical theses. In particular, Tischner’s concept of hope is interpreted in opposition to the pessimism that informs Shestov’s ideas, the difference exemplifi ed by references to the behaviour of Dostoevsky’s protagonist.
EUROPEAN AUTONOMOUS EMPLOYEE DEFINITION. A REASON FOR A DISCUSSION OVER DEVELOPMENT OF EMPLOYMENT RIGHTS
Authors: Unterschütz Joanna
Published: December 2021

For many years, there has been a discussion in the study of Polish labour law on the legitimacy of replacing labour law with employment law as a broader category, including also people who perform paid work on other grounds. The implementation of Directive 2019/1152 on transparent and predictable working conditions in the European Union should also cover a wider group of people performing paid work. The EU legislator, when defining the subjective scope, refers to the autonomous EU definition of an employee created by the CJEU, which is broader than many national definitions. Despite the objections raised against the concept of employment law, the implementation of the directive may be a step towards building a new field of law, just as the extension of the subjective scope of the Act on Trade Unions contributed to the creation of collective employment law.
ON THE BASICS OF THE AXIOLOGY OF POLISH LABOR LAW IN THE REGULATION CONCERNING THE EMPLOYMENT AGREEMENT OF WHITE-COLLAR WORKERS
Authors: Bosak-Sojka Maria
Published: December 2021

This study is an attempt to answer the question whether the issues that have the fundamental subject of the world of values were included in the first Polish unified labor law regulations. The article, that due to the temporal scope, should be treated, however, as a contribution to contemporary studies as well as the resulting extensive analyzes of axiology.
Puszkin w Maskaradzie Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza – wizerunek poety
Authors: Maczel Maria
Published: December 2021

The subject of the article is the role of Aleksander Pushkin in Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s drama Masquerade. The analysis covers mainly statements by Pushkin himself and other characters relating to the Russian poet. This allowed us to show what means and how the author of the play creates a psychologically profound portrait of a great artist.
LEGAL AND TELEOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF THE PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF PROCEDURAL NORMS OF SOCIAL INSURANCE
Authors: Szlachta-Kisiel Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Determining the protective function of the norms of the pre-trial procedure in cases of pension and retirement benefits based on the aim and scope of the norms is not only possible but also necessary for a wider understanding of social insurance. The legal and teleological context plays the role of a determinant of the aim of a legal norm desired by the legislator and allows for the indication of exemplary institutions which, established by the legislator, perform a protective function. When norms are being examined through the prism of the psychological theory of law they show that social security law is a psychological phenomenon and should be subjected to a multidimensional study that will reveal the intended aim of the legislator. The protective function is also performed by a specific procedure model with the precisely defined boundaries of the function. From the sociological perspective, an undesirable goal is also important, unintended by the legislator, which is caused by the norms fulfilling the protective function, and which is visible from the conducted analysis.
Assessment of nursing and midwifery students’ knowledge
of treatment of diabetic foot syndrome using Lucilia servicata larvae
Authors: Kozińska Beata , Szlenk-Czyczerska Elżbieta
Published: December 2021

Background. Diabetes mellitus is one of the most common chronic diseases, and
in recent years its prevalence has been systematically increasing. Untreated or ineffectively treated diabetes leads to the development of many complications. Among these that can significantly affect the quality of life is diabetic foot syndrome (DFS). Larvotherapy is a therapeutic method of treating wounds arising during the course of DFS.
Aim of the study. The main objective of this study was to assess the level of knowledge
of nursing and midwifery students on the treatment of DFS using Lucilia sericata larvae.
Material and Methods. This study is a cross-sectional, observational study in which 202 nursing and midwifery students of Opole University were surveyed. The study was conducted online between June and November 2020, using a questionnaire developed by the authors.
Results. The analysis showed considerable variation in the level of students' knowledge of treatment techniques for DFS. Those with the highest level of knowledge represented 39.15% (n=79), the average level of knowledge was represented by 28.2% (n=57), and the lowest level of knowledge was represented by 32.7% (n=66) of students. Regarding biosurgery in general, the highest level of knowledge about biosurgery was represented by 48.0% (n=97) of students. Nursing students had a higher level of knowledge than midwifery students regarding DFS treatment methods (p=0.001). There was no difference in the level of knowledge about biosurgery between nursing and midwifery students (p=0.503).
Conclusions. The research presented in this study indicates that nursing and midwifery students have insufficient knowledge of DFS treatment methods and biosurgery. Nursing students are more likely than midwifery students to derive knowledge of DFS treatment methods from their studies and the literature. Education on treatment methods and techniques for DFS should be increased among students. Students' knowledge can be increased by classes in the course of their education and meetings with professionals.
„Мировая русистика” в журналe «Русский язык за рубежом» - специальные выпуски
Authors: Uchto Halina
Published: December 2021

The present paper aims to detail the profile of the scientific-didactic illustrated journal “Russian Language Abroad”, established by International Association of the Russian Language and Literature Teachers and State Russian Language Institute and set in Lomonosov Moscow State University. A new project carried out by Pushkin State Russian Language Institute in Moscow involves a compilation of special issues of “Russian Language Abroad” under the title “Russian Studies Worldwide”.
SUPERPAVE design mixture performance evaluation using Epolene modifier for cold semi-arid climatic region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Dahim M.A. , Mosaby M. , El Morabet R. , Khan R.A. , Alqadhi S. , Khan N.A. , Ben Kahla N. , Neklonskyi I. , Borysova L.
Published: December 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the superpave design performance using Epolene (EE-2) as modifier, since SUPERPAVE design is a modified and sophisticated aspect as compared to previous mix design for asphalt mixtures. This is primarily due to the fact that superpave design mix also takes into consideration properties of materials beside asphalt.
Design/methodology/approach: This study was conducted using Epolene (EE-2) as modifier in order to evaluate the performance of SUPERPAVE suitability for construction of roads in Alfaraa campus (King Khalid University) Abha, in Asir Province of Saudi Arabia. Glow number test, dynamic modulus test and indirect tensile strength test were conducted to evaluate the performance of EE-2 modifier against the control mixture.
Findings: The mixture modified with EE-2 gave better performance in terms of temperature-based performance and resistance to moisture damage. Also, larger values of E*/sinφ were obtained for EE-2 modified mixture at various loading frequencies and temperature in comparison to control mixture.
Research limitations/implications: The Epolene modifier successfully enhances and improves the SUPERPAVE mixture performance. Further studies are required to evaluate the performance of EE-2 modifier at much lower temperature ranges.
Practical implications: The results of the study allow us to recommend the investigated asphalt mixture for applied for the construction of roads in the Alfaraa (new campus of King Khalid University), Abha, Asir province, Saudi Arabia.
Originality/value: A modified asphalt mixture has been proposed that has better performance at higher and lower temperatures. The developed asphalt mixture is more resistant to moisture damage than the compared to control mixture.
Rethinking applied psychology. Research paradigms vs. practical approaches
Authors: Milcu Marius , Neves de Jesus Saul , Stevens Michael
Published: December 2021

Rethinking Applied Psychology: Research Paradigms vs. Practical Approaches is the 2020 edition of proceedings drawn from the annual meeting of the Association for Qualitative and Intercultural Studies. Ordinarily held in Sibiu, Romania, this year’s conference was entirely online. By any measure, it was an outstanding success, due to the ingenuity and industry of conference President, Conf. univ. dr. habil. Marius Milcu. Given the demands and unpredictability of COVID 19, Rethinking Applied Psychology must be seen as a triumph, keeping intact the 14-year tradition of uninterrupted publication of conference proceedings that feature integrative and applied research. This year’s volume is the culmination interdisciplinary and interprofessional collaboration on a wide range of contemporary topics of interest to participants from Romania and elsewhere. These topics covered innovative research methods and practices in clinical psychology and psychotherapy; educational psychology and pedagogical science; work, organizational, and transportation psychology; forensic and military psychology; and social and transcultural psychology. The contributors to this book are highly regarded experts and aspiring young scholars in psychology and allied fields of sociology, education, and health sciences. Rethinking Applied Psychology is proof of the value of research with a social conscience, research that is of benefit to the individual and society.
‘Pinholes in my arms’: The vicious cycle of vascular access
Authors: Kelly Linda , Snowden Austyn
Published: December 2021

Background: Vascular access devices (VADs) are essential for delivery of intravenous therapies. There are notable gaps in the literature regarding a focus on patient experience and meaning-making related to living with a VAD, specifically a central venous access device (CVAD). Aims: To explore how patients make sense of living with a CVAD. Methods: This study followed an interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) approach. Purposive sampling was used to identify 11 cancer patients who had a CVAD in situ. One-to-one semi-structured interviews were performed. Interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed and analysed by the lead author. Findings: Four superordinate themes were identified: the self under attack; being rescued/being robbed; protection of others/protection of self; bewilderment and dismay at lack of staff competence. Conclusion: Having a CVAD affects the psychological, social, and personal self and impacts on self-esteem and self-image. Despite this, CVADs are accepted by patients and are eventually ‘embodied’ by them.
ESTABLISHMENT OF NOx MEASUREMENT AND CERTIFICATION SYSTEM FOR SMALL SHIPS
Authors: Kilic A
Published: December 2021

Measurement of NOx emissions from small ship diesel engines is technically quite complex and at most times it is very difficult or impossible to perform on board. Hence, there is need to build and model an applicable measurement and certification system compliant with NOx measurement rules of NOx Technical Code. The system needs to perform efficiently, economically and also need to have adequate elasticity for ships that cannot meet NOx criteria in order to fulfil the requirements of the Code. The aim of this study is the formation of a technical and legislative infrastructure about safe and efficient measurement and certification of NOx emissions of main and auxiliary engine in the Merchant ships, in accordance with Regulation 13 and NOx Technical Code related to the control of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and which takes place in Annex VI appendix about prevention of air pollution caused by ships in MARPOL 73/78 Convention.
REVIEW OF PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF SHALLOW WATER AND BANK EFFECTS
Authors: Duarte H O , Lopez Droguett E , Martins M R , Lutzhoft M , Pereira P S , Lloyd J
Published: December 2021

The ship’s behaviour and manoeuvrability change as depth of water decreases and/or when the ship is near a bank or shoal. This paper conducts a review on shallow water effects (SWE) and bank effects (BE). It summarizes the varying opinions from both experienced mariners and hydrodynamicists about SWE on factors such as resistance, trim, steering, manoeuvrability and stopping, as well as BE on elements such as bank suction and cushion and it is shown that there is not a common sense in the bibliography. This is strange because the successful navigation of a ship along the channel to the dock is an identifiable task whose outcome is the same in all cases. Yet surprisingly it is a subject upon which there are different opinions documented. This review refreshes mariner’s memory and raises controversial topics that need clarification for the benefit of mariners, simulator modellers and the maritime industry they work.
Analyzing Isolation in Mobile Systems
Authors: Hong Zhong , Jiang Jian-Min , Shu Hongping
Published: December 2021

As a safety-critical issue in complex mobile systems, isolation requires two or more mobile objects not to appear in the same place simultaneously. To ensure such isolation, a scheduling policy is needed to control and coordinate the movement of mobile objects. Unfortunately, existing task scheduling theories fails in providing effective solutions, because it is hardly possible to decompose a complex mobile system into multiple independent tasks. To solve this problem, a more fine-grained event scheduling is proposed in this paper to generate scheduling policies which can ensure the isolation of mobile objects. After defining event scheduling based on event-based formal models called dependency structures, a new event scheduling theory for mobile systems is developed accordingly. Then an algorithm for generating an event scheduling policy is proposed to implement the required isolation. Simulation experiments are conducted to prove the result of our theoretical analysis and show the effectiveness and scalability of the approach.
Mining Approximate Frequent Itemsets Using Pattern Growth Approach
Authors: Bashir Shariq , Lai Daphne Teck Ching
Published: December 2021

Approximate frequent itemsets (AFI) mining from noisy databases are computationally more expensive than traditional frequent itemset mining. This is because the AFI mining algorithms generate large number of candidate itemsets. This article proposes an algorithm to mine AFIs using pattern growth approach. The major contribution of the proposed approach is it mines core patterns and examines approximate conditions of candidate AFIs directly with single phase and two full scans of database. Related algorithms apply Apriori-based candidate generation and test approach and require multiple phases to obtain complete AFIs. First phase generates core patterns, and second phase examines approximate conditions of core patterns. Specifically, the article proposes novel techniques that how to map transactions on approximate FP-tree, and how to mine AFIs from the conditional patterns of approximate FP-tree. The approximate FP-tree maps transactions on shared branches when the transactions share a similar set of items. This reduces the size of databases and helps to efficiently compute the approximate conditions of candidate itemsets. We compare the performance of our algorithm with the state of the art AFI mining algorithms on benchmark databases. The experiments are analyzed by comparing the processing time of algorithms and scalability of algorithms on varying database size and transaction length. The results show pattern growth approach mines AFIs in less processing time than related Apriori-based algorithms.
Eigenrechte der Natur – rechtsdogmatische und rechtspolitische Anmerkungen
Authors: Söhnlein Bernd
Published: December 2021

The article addresses the discussion on inherent rights of nature that is conducted on an international level by presenting reasons to assign subjective rights to non-human beings and attempting to refute objections against it. The article’s focal point is the question who could be a carrier of inherent rights of nature, which would be the content of such rights and which institutions could protect them.
Epigenetic: New Insight in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Grazia Dalfrà Maria , Burlina Silvia , Lapolla Annunziara
Published: December 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is the more frequent metabolic complication of pregnancy with a prevalence that is significantly increased in the last decade accounting for 12–18% of all pregnancies. Recent evidences strongly suggests that epigenetic profile changes could be involved in the onset of GDM and its related maternal and fetal complications. In particular, the unfavorable intrauterine environment related to hyperglycemia, a feature of GDM, has been evidenced to exert a negative impact on the establishment of the epigenome of the offspring. Furthermore the adverse in utero environment could be one of the mechanisms engaged in the development of adult chronic diseases. The purpose of this article is to review a number of published studies to fill the gap in our understanding of how maternal lifestyle and intrauterine environment influence molecular modifications in the offspring, with an emphasis on epigenetic alterations.
Peripheral Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Patients Treated with Interferon-Beta
Authors: Monteiro Andreia , Mafalda Fonseca Ana , Paiva Artur
Published: December 2021

Multiple sclerosis is a relapsing and eventually progressive disorder of the central nervous system that continues to challenge researchers who try to understand the pathogenesis of the disease and prevent its progression. Interferon-beta is the most widely prescribed treatment for MS. Peripheral blood seems to mirror the immunological disturbances that underlie MS, which could represent the migration patterns between periphery and other tissues according to the clinical phase of the disease. Based on this assumption, several studies point to significant alterations in peripheral blood homeostasis of different subpopulations of T cells, like γδ T cells or Th1, Th2 and Th17 functional subsets; of B cells subpopulations; and of innate cells like monocytes and dendritic cells. The main goal of this chapter is to make an in-depth review of the major findings described in the literature that correlate specific alterations on different leukocytes subpopulations with disease status, and which therefore have the potential to constitute a peripheral biomarker of disease progression.
CRISPR-Cas9: Role in Processing of Modular Metabolic Engineered Bio-Based Products
Authors: Sharma Vishnu , Kumar Kumawat Tarun , Pandit Anjali , Sharma Bhoomika , Agarwal Pooja , Sharma Bhawana , Nain Preeti , Biyani Manish
Published: December 2021

Biogenetic engineering is a significant technology to sensibly manage microbial metabolic product factories. Genome modification methods for efficiently controlling and modifying genes at the genome level have progressed in biogenetic engineering during the last decade. CRISPR is genome editing technology that allows for the modification of organisms’ genomes. CRISPR and its related RNA-guided endonuclease are versatile advanced immune system frameworks for defending against foreign DNA and RNAs. CRISPR is efficient, accessible, and trustworthy genomic modification tool in unparalleled resolution. At present, CRISPR-Cas9 method is expanded to industrially manipulate cells. Metabolically modified organisms are quickly becoming interested in the production of different bio-based components. Here, chapter explore about the control productivity of targeted biomolecules in divergent cells based on the use of different CRISPR-related Cas9.
Venomous Snakebites in Children in Southeast Turkey
Authors: OTO Arzu , HASPOLAT Yusuf Kenan
Published: December 2021

Objective: Due to the hot climate of the Southeastern Anatolia Region, snake poisoning is common, which causes serious mortality and morbidity. We aimed to present the clinical course, complications and treatment approaches of patients hospitalized with snakebites.

Methods: One-hundred and eight pediatric patients treated in the hospital for snakebites, excluding dry bite, were included in the study during a 5-year period. Gender, age, bite site, month, time, type of intervention in the field, symptoms, laboratory findings, complications, tetanus vaccination and antivenom administration were recorded by reviewing patient files.

Results: The patients were aged between 10.2+3 (2-15) years and 72 (66.7%) were males. Seventy-three (67.6%) of patients were from rural areas. The bites were mostly from the lower extremity, at between 12-18 o’clock. Grade 1 patients were excluded from the study. At the time of admission, there were 47 (43%) grade 2 and 31 (28%) grade 3 patients. It was observed that with increased grade, higher levels of white blood cell count, glucose level and hospital stay were seen (p
Nuevos retos docentes en geometría a través de la cestería
Authors: Casado Rezola Amaia , Sánchez Parandiet Antonio , León Cascante Iñigo
Published: December 2021

At the HTSA of the UPV/EHU, Geometry subjects continue to evolve in the study and control of geometric shapes. Starting from the basic forms, it delves into complex forms, linked to Architecture. Nowadays, this teaching method is developed by linking the study of geometric shapes with the making of models inspired by traditional basketry. Using 3D modeling software such as Rhinoceros and the visual programming language Grasshopper, which acts as a plug-in within the former, allows students to explore never-before-made patterns and shapes. After obtaining digital models that transcend the techniques and forms used in traditional basket weaving, physical models are made by hand. It has been found that by making these models with their hands, students develop important skills for the labor market while completing the learning in geometric shapes.

En la ETSA de la UPV/EHU, en las asignaturas de Geometría se continúa evolucionando en el estudio y control de las formas geométricas. Partiendo de las formas básicas, se profundiza en las formas complejas, vinculadas a la Arquitectura. En la actualidad, esta enseñanza se desarrolla vinculando el estudio de las formas geométricas con la confección de modelos inspirados en la cestería tradicional. El uso de software de modelado 3D como Rhinoceros y el lenguaje de programación visual Grasshopper, que actúa como un complemento dentro del primero, permite que los estudiantes exploren patrones y formas nunca antes fabricados. Tras obtener modelos digitales que trascienden las técnicas y formas empleadas en la cestería tradicional, se elaboran modelos físicos a mano. Se ha podido comprobar que al confeccionar modelos con las manos el alumnado desarrolla importantes habilidades para el mercado laboral mientras completa el aprendizaje en las formas geométricas.
Mecanismos de evaluación a distancia para asignaturas gráficas en Arquitectura
Authors: Mestre-Martí María , Muñoz-Mora Maria José , Jiménez-Vicario Pedro Miguel
Published: December 2021

Due to the virulence of the COVID-19 pandemic, we have been forced to hastily modify teaching methodologies, the organisation of resources and competence assessment systems without prior reflection, which has been particularly difficult for graphics subjects in Architecture, because they have drawing as their means of communication. This study has focused on evaluating and analysing the different distance assessment formulas that have been used in graphic design subjects at our university, in order to determine the advantages and disadvantages of each one of them. In this sense, based on surveys on distance assessment mechanisms among students, teachers and service staff, guidelines have been drawn up to improve the design of assessment tasks for graphic subjects in our school.

Debido a la virulencia de la pandemia COVID-19, nos hemos visto forzados a modificar apresuradamente, las metodologías de enseñanza, la organización de los recursos y los sistemas de evaluación de competencias sin haber tenido reflexión previa sobre ello, lo cual ha sido particularmente difícil para las asignaturas gráficas en arquitectura, que tienen el dibujo como su medio de comunicación. Este estudio se ha centrado en evaluar y analizar las diferentes fórmulas de evaluación a distancia que se han empleado en nuestra universidad en asignaturas gráficas, para determinar las ventajas e inconvenientes de cada una de ellas. En este sentido, a partir de encuestas sobre los mecanismos de evaluación a distancia entre alumnado, profesorado y personal de servicios, se han redactado unas directrices para la mejora del diseño de tareas de evaluación para asignaturas gráficas en nuestra escuela.
El proceso didáctico en arquitectura es un problema perverso: la respuesta, un algoritmo
Authors: Santalla Blanco Luis Manuel
Published: December 2021

The study of the discipline from the architecture itself runs the risk of self-theorization, of polarization affected by different discourses, interested approaches of the schools themselves, the relationship between teachers and with students. The definition of a system that represents the complexity of training and is able to integrate the professional point of view allows to analyze and contribute directly to the body of the discipline, distinguishing which is the most relevant knowledge, taking into account the free thought of the students and their professional future. This system graphically shows the path traveled by students from the beginning of their training to professional qualification, showing the shortcomings and motivations throughout their education in architecture. The purpose of this process is to achieve an algorithm that serves as a basis for understanding the overall process of training in each school of architecture.

El estudio de la disciplina desde la propia arquitectura corre el riesgo de la auto-teorización, de la polarización afectada por diferentes discursos, enfoques interesados de las propias escuelas, la relación entre los docentes y con el alumnado. La definición de un sistema que representa la complejidad de la formación y sea capaz de integrar el punto de vista profesional permite analizar y contribuir directamente al cuerpo de la disciplina, distinguiendo cual es el conocimiento más pertinente, teniendo en cuenta el libre pensamiento del alumnado y su futuro profesional. El sistema planteado muestra gráficamente el camino recorrido por el alumnado desde el inicio de su formación hasta la habilitación profesional, mostrando las carencias y las motivaciones a lo largo de su educación en arquitectura. La finalidad de este proceso es conseguir un algoritmo que sirva de base para entender el proceso global de la formación en cada escuela de arquitectura.
Cómo integrar la creación de una biblioteca de materiales en la docencia
Authors: Azcona-Uribe Leire
Published: December 2021

In a time determined by the rise of virtual models, it seems appropriate to recall the sensory nature of architecture. In this sense, the materials library is presented as a basic tool to enjoy the physical experience with the materials that make up the architecture. The communication describes how to integrate the creation of a new collection in the teaching of the Degree in Architecture. For this purpose, a literature review of recent research has been conducted. A theoretical framework of minimum requirements has also been established, highlighting the strengths, but also the difficulties associated with the operation of these type of resources. Finally, a proposal to implement the project by using active learning methods to involve the students from the beginning is described.

En un tiempo caracterizado por el auge de los modelos virtuales, parece oportuno recordar la condición sensorial de la arquitectura. En este sentido, la biblioteca de materiales se presenta como una herramienta básica para disfrutar la experiencia física con los materiales que habrán de constituir la arquitectura. La comunicación describe cómo integrar la creación de una nueva colección en la docencia del Grado en Arquitectura. Para ello, se ha llevado a cabo un mapeo previo de las investigaciones realizadas recientemente. También se ha establecido un marco teórico de requisitos mínimos, destacando las fortalezas, pero también las dificultades asociadas al funcionamiento de un recurso de estas características. Para terminar, se describe una propuesta de implantación que emplea metodologías activas con objeto de hacer partícipes a los estudiantes desde el principio.
Cartografía de Controversias como recurso para analizar el espacio habitado
Authors: España-Naveira Paloma , Morales-Soler Eva , Blanco-López Ángel
Published: December 2021

In the social construction of the city, complex controversies arise over socially live issues that affect the lives of citizens. One of these controversies, accentuated by the Covid-19 pandemic, arises around the use of public space by terraces in city centres. This work explores the use of controversy mapping as a tool for critical analysis, diagnosis and project development that helps architecture students to analyse the actors involved, their relationships and the territory in which they are located. A training activity has been designed and carried out to develop the approach to the city using the actant network map. The results obtained show that the actant network map can be a visual tool that makes explicit the initial ideas about a controversy and facilitates critical analysis processes.

En la construcción social de la ciudad surgen complejas controversias sobre cuestiones socialmente vivas que afectan a la vida de la ciudadanía. Una de estas controversias, acentuada por la pandemia de Covid-19, se plantea en torno al uso del espacio público por parte de terrazas en los centros de ciudades. En este trabajo se indaga sobre el uso de la cartografía de controversias, como herramienta para el análisis crítico, diagnóstico y para el desarrollo proyectual que ayude a los estudiantes de arquitectura a analizar los actantes implicados, sus relaciones y el territorio en el que se localizan. Se ha diseñado y llevado a cabo una actividad formativa para desarrollar el acercamiento a la ciudad utilizando el mapa de redes de actantes. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el mapa de redes de actantes puede ser una herramienta visual que explicita las ideas iniciales sobre una controversia y facilita procesos de análisis crítico.
Urbanismo participativo: una herramienta docente para tiempos de incertidumbre
Authors: Carrasco Bonet Marta , Fava Nadia
Published: December 2021

Crises and uncertainties characterise the current life space of future professionals while there is a widening gap between academia and the territorial governance system and society. The teaching of urban planning is questioning itself how to prepare university students for these challenges, taking advantage of this situation to propose adaptive pedagogical methods that emphasise constructive nuances ina creative and participatory way. The experience of the Covadonga Urban Lab (2019-2020), Erasmus +, during the time of the Covid 19 pandemic, multiplied the difficulties and challenges of a process designed by specific objectives and teaching methodologies that included the participation of local actors and various universities. The results showed that open education processes, as well as participatory processes, make it possible to address the desirability of revising not only the academic system, but in parallel, the current model of governance of the territory.

Las crisis y las incertidumbres caracterizan el espacio actual de la vida de los futuros profesionales al tiempo que se produce una brecha cada vez mayor entre el mundo académico y el sistema de gobierno territorial y la sociedad. La enseñanza del urbanismo se cuestiona cómo preparar a los universitarios para estos retos, aprovechando esta coyuntura para plantear métodos pedagógicos adaptativos que destaquen los matices constructivos de forma creativa y participativa. La experiencia del Covadonga Urban Lab (2019-2020), durante la época de la pandemia del Covid 19, multiplicó las dificultades y retos de un proceso diseñado por objetivos concretos y metodologías docentes que incluían la participación de los actores locales y diversas universidades. Los resultados mostraron que los procesos de enseñanza abierta, así como los procesos participativos, permiten atender la conveniencia de revisar no sólo el sistema académico, sino el actual modelo de gobierno del territorio.
Optimization of the enzymatic synthesis of fructo-oligosaccharides using fructosyltransferase from aspergillus aculeatus
Authors: Simović Milica
Published: December 2021

The obvious benefits of employing prebiotics as functional components in many food and feed products have resulted in higher demand for their industrial production, necessitating the development of more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing procedures. As a result, the goal of this study was to synthesize confirmed prebiotics, namely fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS), using sucrose as a substrate, since it allows the synthesis of oligosaccharides with lower polymerization degree, and consequently, a more pronounced prebiotic effect. Due to its availability, low market price, and high stability under industrial conditions, a commercial enzymatic mixture, Pectinex® Ultra SP-L, is used as a source of enzyme – fructosyltransferase (FTase). By optimizing reaction conditions such as pH, temperature, enzyme and substrate concentrations, as well as the duration of the process, the composition of the FOS mixture can be adjusted to fit the potential applications. It was found that by performing the reaction in an aqueous medium (pH 7), at a temperature of 50 °C using an enzyme concentration of 1% (v/v) and any sucrose concentration in the range of 200-700 g/L, it was possible to achieve maximum FOS yield of 60% of total carbohydrates within a 24 h. The produced syrup with a high content of FOS can be further used as an adequate food additive, or else, optimized proceses should be used for transformation of various food products (such as juices, jams, fillings, candies, cakes, etc.) in which sucrose dominates, creating products with lower caloric and higher functional value.