bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microglia-mediated synaptic pruning in the nucleus accumbens during adolescence: A preliminary study of the proteomic consequences and putative female-specific pruning target
Authors: Kirkland J. M. , Patel Ishan , Kopec Ashley M.
Published: May 2023

Adolescence is a period of copious neural development, particularly in the ‘reward’ circuitry of the brain, and reward-related behavioral development, including social development. One neurodevelopmental mechanism that appears to be common across brain regions and developmental periods is the requirement for synaptic pruning to produce mature neural communication and circuits. We published that microglia-C3-mediated synaptic pruning also occurs in the nucleus accumbens (NAc) reward region during adolescence to mediate social development in male and female rats. However, both the adolescent stage in which microglial pruning occurred, and the synaptic pruning target, were sex specific. NAc pruning occurred between early and mid-adolescence in male rats to eliminate dopamine D1 receptors (D1rs), and between pre- and early adolescence in female rats (P20-30) to eliminate an unknown, non-D1r target. In this report, we sought to better understand the proteomic consequences of microglial pruning in the NAc, and what the female pruning target might be. To do this, we inhibited microglial pruning in the NAc during each sex’s pruning period and collected tissue for mass spectrometry proteomic analysis and ELISA validation. We found that the proteomic consequences of inhibiting microglial pruning in the NAc were inversely proportional between the sexes, and a novel, female-specific pruning target may be Lynx1.

Please note, if this preprint will be pushed further to publication it will not be by me (AMK), as I am leaving academia. So, I’m going to write more conversationally.
Thermohydraulic Effect of Zebra Stripes - Numerical Analysis
Authors: Smolík Vojtěch
Published: May 2023

The function of zebra stripes has many possible explanations. Some researchers suggested zebra stripes are a form of adaptation to high temperatures, allowing to maintain a lower animal body temperature in hot environment. Sunlight radiation creates a temperature difference between cooler white and hotter black stripes. Hypothesis state there are currents of air formed caused by this temperature difference. This hypothesis is examined using the CFD numerical simulation of zebra surface in ANSYS Fluent to uncover the physical phenomenon.
Single-cell transcriptomics reveals that tumor-infiltrating natural killer cells are activated by localized ablative immunotherapy and share anti-tumor signatures induced by immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Liu Kaili , Sadeghipour Negar , Hoover Ashley R. , Valero Trisha I. , Furrer Coline , Adams Jacob , Naqash Abdul Rafeh , Zhao Meng , Papin James F. , Chen Wei R.
Published: May 2023

Rationale

Natural killer (NK) cells provide protective anti-cancer immunity. However, the cancer therapy induced activation gene signatures and pathways in NK cells remain unclear.

Methods

We applied a novel localized ablative immunotherapy (LAIT) by synergizing photothermal therapy (PTT) with intra-tumor delivering of the immunostimulant N-dihydrogalactochitosan (GC), to treat breast cancer using a mammary tumor virus-polyoma middle tumor-antigen (MMTV-PyMT) mouse model. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) analysis to unveil the cellular heterogeneity and compare the transcriptional alterations induced by PTT, GC, and LAIT in NK cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME).

Results

ScRNAseq showed that NK subtypes, including cycling, activated, interferon-stimulated, and cytotoxic NK cells. Trajectory analysis revealed a route toward activation and cytotoxicity following pseudotime progression. Both GC and LAIT elevated gene expression associated with NK cell activation, cytolytic effectors, activating receptors, IFN pathway components, and cytokines/chemokines in NK subtypes. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis using immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-treated animal and human samples revealed that ICI-induced NK activation and cytotoxicity across several cancer types. Furthermore, ICI-induced NK gene signatures were also induced by LAIT treatment. We also discovered that several types of cancer patients had significantly longer overall survival when they had higher expression of genes in NK cells that were also specifically upregulated by LAIT.

Conclusion

Our findings show for the first time that LAIT activates cytotoxicity in NK cells and the upregulated genes positively correlate with beneficial clinical outcomes for cancer patients. More importantly, our results further establish the correlation between the effects of LAIT and ICI on NK cells, hence expanding our understanding of mechanism of LAIT in remodeling TME and shedding light on the potentials of NK cell activation and anti-tumor cytotoxic functions in clinical applications.
An Assay for QuantifyingAedes aegyptiHost Odor Preference Using a Two-Port Olfactometer
Authors: Metz Hillery C. , Zung Jessica L. , McBride Carolyn S.
Published: May 2023

Female mosquitoes use odor cues to locate hosts for blood meals and are often more likely to approach the odor of certain species or individuals over others. Here, we describe an assay for measuring such odor-based host preference. This assay uses a two-port olfactometer and can be adapted to study a wide variety of odor sources including live hosts, host-scented nylon sleeves or host hair samples, and single odorants or odorant blends.
ObtainingXenopusEggs and Embryos
Authors: Sive Hazel L. , Harland Richard M.
Published: May 2023

Collecting eggs from adultXenopus laevisandXenopus tropicalisto raise healthy embryos and tadpoles is relatively simple but requires careful handling of the frog. Eggs can be fertilized through natural matings or by in vitro fertilization and examined visually. Here we review how eggs are obtained and how to recognize healthy eggs that will develop into high-quality embryos.
Best Practices forXenopus tropicalisHusbandry
Authors: Nakayama Takuya , Grainger Robert M.
Published: May 2023

Xenopus tropicalishas been adopted by laboratories as a developmental genetic system because of its diploid genome and short generation time, contrasting withXenopus laevis, which is allotetraploid and takes longer to reach sexual maturity. BecauseX. tropicalishas been introduced more recently to many laboratories, some specific methods more appropriate for handling of eggs and embryos ofX. tropicalisare still not widely known to researchers who useX. laevis. Here we highlight some recommendations and opportunities possible with this model system that complement existingX. tropicalisprocedures. Of particular importance, because of the value of generating genetically modified lines for researchers usingX. tropicalis,we describe a procedure for sterilizing embryos, which could be applied to both species ofXenopus, but might be particularly useful for raising genetically modified animals inX. tropicalis. This protocol will help ensure that a colony will have a high probability of being free of pathogens known to be serious threats toXenopushealth.
Physiological and Behavioral Characterization of Larval Olfaction in the Malaria Vector MosquitoAnopheles coluzzii
Authors: Liu Feng , Sun Huahua , Zwiebel Laurence J.
Published: May 2023

When viewed from both academic and vector-control perspectives, the chemosensory biology of larval-stage anopheline mosquitoes is both enigmatic and paradoxical. As is true for all mosquito species, anopheline larvae are free-swimming organisms that use complex sensory processes to both locate nutrients and avoid predators. Because of their obligatory and therefore restrictive aquatic habitats, mosquito larvae are the most easily sampled and targeted mosquito life stage and as such they have been the focus of the majority of vector control strategies used to date. Although this might reasonably have resulted in the accumulation of a robust body of knowledge of the natural and molecular biology of larval-stage chemosensory processes, there is, instead, a paucity of such information relative to adults. Here, we describe two relatively simple laboratory-based bioassays that allow for the characterization of larval chemosensory-driven behaviors as well as an electrophysiological approach to examine the responses of larval peripheral neurons to volatile odorant stimuli. Taken together, these approaches provide a road map for the study of the chemosensory biology and chemical ecology during this important stage in the life cycle of anophelines that transmit malaria.
The effects of market orientation and market knowledge search on business model innovation: evidence for two distinct pathways
Authors: Ye Jiangfeng , Shi Shunqing , Feng Yanan
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This investigation seeks to elaborate on how proactive market orientation (MO) and responsive MO motivate firms to conduct business model innovation (BMI) through the breadth of market knowledge search (BMKS) and the depth of market knowledge search (DMKS).

Design/methodology/approach

Based on the survey data of 259 high-tech firms in the industrial parks of the Yangtze River Delta, this study uses multiple hierarchical regressions to examine the hypotheses and conducts Sobel and bootstrapping methods to further test the mediating effects.

Findings

The findings indicate that the positive effects of proactive and responsive MO on BMI are mediated by BMKS and DMKS. It also shows that proactive MO has a greater impact on BMKS than responsive MO, while responsive MO has a stronger impact on DMKS than proactive MO.

Practical implications

Firms with different MOs can choose different types of market knowledge search to promote BMI, which reminds managers to give attention to the importance of bridging MOs with knowledge search strategies in BMI.

Originality/value

This study introduces a constructive theoretical framework by examining the roles of MO and market knowledge search on BMI. The findings reveal that MO as a key initiating factor and market knowledge search as an important conduit play vital roles in the experimental process of BMI and identify the differential effects of proactive and responsive MO on two types of market knowledge search.
OMNet: Outfit Memory Net for clothing parsing
Authors: Ye Shaoping , Wang Shaoyu , Chen Nuo , Xu An , Shi Xiujin
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Existing clothing parsing methods make little use of dataset-level information. This paper aims to propose a novel clothing parsing method which utilizes higher-level outfit combinatorial consistency knowledge from the whole clothing dataset to improve the accuracy of segmenting clothing images.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, the authors propose an Outfit Memory Net (OMNet) that augments original feature by aggregating dataset-level prior clothing combination information. Specifically, the authors design an Outfit Matrix (OM) to represent clothing combination information of single image and an Outfit Memory Module (OMM) to store the clothing combination information of all images in the training set, i.e. dataset-level clothing combination information. In addition, the authors propose a Multi-scale Aggregation Module (MAM) to aggregate the clothing combination information in a multi-scale manner to solve the problem of large variance in the scale of objects in the clothing images.

Findings

Experiments on Colorful Fashion Parsing Dataset (CFPD) dataset show that the authors' method achieves 93.15% pixel accuracy (PA) and 51.24% mean of class-wise intersection over union (mIoU), which are satisfactory parsing results compared with existing methods such as PSPNet, DANet and DeepLabV3. Moreover, through comparing the segmentation accuracy of different methods for each category, MAM could effectively improve the segmentation of small objects.

Originality/value

With the rise of various online shopping platforms and the continuous development of deep learning technology, emerging applications such as clothing recommendation, matching, classification and virtual try-on system have emerged in the clothing field. Clothing parsing is the key technology to realize these applications. Therefore, improving the accuracy of clothing parsing is necessary.
We are different and yet the same: the role of CEOs’ regulatory focus and attention in SMEs’ innovation orientation preferences
Authors: Glaveli Niki , Galanou Aikaterini , Kolias Georgios , Karamanis Konstantinos
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Drawing upon upper echelon, regulatory focus and attention theories and focusing on SMEs, the purpose of this paper is to answer questions on how the motivational disposition (promotion vs. prevention regulatory focus) of CEOs affects their information search patterns (i.e. search selection and intensity) and consequently organizational level engagement in different types of innovation activities (exploration vs. exploitation).

Design/methodology/approach

A quantitative study was conducted collecting data from the CEOs of SMEs operating in the dynamic wine and spirits industry in Greece. The data were collected in two independent time streams and the proposed theoretical model was tested by applying OLS regression analysis.

Findings

The current research provides evidence that differences in CEOs’ level of promotion and prevention focus trigger different information search selection and search intensity patterns. Nonetheless, the attention to innovation components act as mediators only in the hypothesized relationships between a CEO's level of prevention and promotion focus and exploration. Paradoxically, filtered through attention to innovation and triggered from the same motive, that is to reduce negative emotions, promotion focus CEOs choose to direct resources to exploitation and avoid investing in exploration, whilst the opposite was supported for prevention focus CEOs.

Practical implications

The results highlight the important role of a CEO's regulatory focus orientation in promoting diverse attention to innovation patterns and firm-level innovation tendencies towards exploration and/or exploitation.

Originality/value

This study's contributions extend and combine the theories of regulatory focus, UET and attention in the field of managerial/entrepreneurship behavior and innovation. Therefore, they are valuable for understanding the determinants of firm-level innovation choices (exploration vs. exploitation) in SMEs.
The effect of safety climate in workplaces on productive organizational energy of employees: a research in textile industry
Authors: Çevi̇k Taşdemi̇r Derya , Caner Akin Güfte , Durmaz Yakup
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of this study is to reveal the effects of “safety climate” on “productive organizational energy”, based on the idea that higher energy and productivity will be seen in employees with the improved safety climate in the working environment.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, data were collected using an online questionnaire from 426 employees of small and medium-sized textile enterprises in the Organized Industrial Zone in the Turkish province of Gaziantep. The “easy sampling” method was applied, one of the sampling techniques not based on probability. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the “Management's perspectives and rules” and “Colleagues and safety trainings” sub-dimensions of the safety climate on the “emotional”, “cognitive” and “behavioral” components of productive energy.

Findings

The findings showed that the safety climate in the workplace positively and significantly affects the productive organizational energy of employees. In addition, it was observed that the management's perspective and rules had a higher impact on productive organizational energy in attitudes towards the safety climate and productive energies of these employees compared to safety pieces of training.

Practical implications

First of all, the result of this study and the positive results that the safety climate in organizations might cause have been noted. It has been demonstrated that the productive energies of the employees will increase if the necessary safety climate is established in the enterprises. In addition, despite the importance attached to the safety training of the employees, as a result of the analysis, it has been determined that the management's perspective and rules (ß = 0.61; p < 0.01) have a higher positive effect on the productive energy of the employees. If these situations are considered by the managers, it is expected that the occupational health and safety management strategies created for the employees will contribute to the formation of positive behaviors in the employees.

Originality/value

The driving force of the present study is that, to our knowledge, there has been no research on this issue related to employees who are mentioned as a critical force in solving productivity and whose number is about 26 million in Turkey's population.
From career to “coreer”: SIE and personal transformation in later life
Authors: Myers Barbara , Thorn Kaye
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Despite burgeoning self-initiated expatriation (SIE) research, little attention has been given to the personal development that occurs as a result of the SIE. The authors address this gap, exploring how the SIE undertaken by older women contributes to their longer-term life-path goals. As personal development has barely featured in the SIE literature, the authors must draw from a range of other global mobility experiences as a base for identifying the personal development of the older women.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper employs narrative inquiry methodology, drawing on in-depth life story interviews with 21 women aged 50 or more, both professional and non-professional, who had taken a SIE. A five-step narrative process using a story-telling approach was the method of analysis.

Findings

The findings indicate that the existing focus on SIE and the work context in the literature needs to become more holistic to incorporate personal change experienced through the SIE. For these older women, the construct of “career” was increasingly irrelevant. Rather, participants were enacting a “coreer” – a life path of individual interest and passion that reflected their authentic selves. The SIE presented an opportunity to re-focus these women's lives and to place themselves and their values at the core of their existence.

Originality/value

The contributions highlight the need for a broader focus of career – one that moves outside the work sphere and encompasses life transitions and the enactment of more authentic “ways of being”. The authors identify a range of personal development factors which lead to this change, proposing the term “coreer” as one that might shift the focus and become the basis for career research in the future. Further, through the inclusion of a group of older women who were not exclusively professionals, the authors respond to calls to expand the focus of SIE studies.
Impact of leader aggressive humor on employee extra-role behaviors: opposite moderating effects of team identification and professional identification
Authors: Yang Chen , Yang Xiaojiao
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship of leader aggressive humor on employee extra-role behaviors of proactivity and creativity by probing feeling ostracized as a mediator and team identification and professional identification as boundary conditions.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey sample of 347 employees was collected from three technology companies in Sichuan and Guizhou, China. Hierarchical regression analysis and PROCESS macro in SPSS were used to test the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate that leader aggressive humor is negatively related to employee extra-role behaviors. Feeling ostracized is an important mechanism linking leader aggressive humor and employee extra-role behaviors and team identification and professional identification moderate the relationship.

Practical implications

Organizations should make rules to prevent leaders from using aggressive humorous behaviors and encourage coworkers to show more affiliative funny behaviors during breaks to reduce employees' sense of ostracism.

Originality/value

Building on sociometer theory, this research demonstrates the opposite moderating effects of team identification and professional identification in the effects of leader aggressive humor on feeling ostracized and consequently employee extra-role behaviors.
Are handloom micro-enterprises in India efficient? Estimation based on DEA and bootstrap truncated regression approach
Authors: Dey Bijoy Kumar , Paul Ujjwal Kanti , Das Gurudas
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Although handloom is a significant source of livelihood for millions of people in India, it performs poorly compared to other sectors of the economy, which may be the root of technical inefficiency. Until now, to measure technical efficiency, no studies have been carried out; therefore, the purpose of this study is to estimate the technical efficiency in the handloom micro-enterprises in India.

Design/methodology/approach

This study includes 427 handloom micro-entrepreneurs from the Indian state of Assam. Using bootstrap truncated regression, the data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to calculate the technical efficiency and identify the factors responsible for inefficiency.

Findings

The findings of this study reveal that handloom enterprises are 75% pure technically efficient, suggesting room for input reduction. The bootstrap truncated regression results show that education, prior experience, modern technology, ICT, bank loan, training, gender and location significantly influence the technical efficiency of handloom enterprises.

Research limitations/implications

Despite recent advances in the DEA method, this study used a traditional form of DEA. This study used only one output and a limited set of inputs. Better results could have been obtained by expanding the number of inputs and output. Finally, the data for this study has been obtained from a very narrow geographic area. The production practices of the handloom enterprises in other parts of the region and other states might vary considerably.

Practical implications

Technical efficiency measurement has management implications for businesses because it allows entrepreneurs to determine how much less input is required to produce the same output. A meticulous analysis can pinpoint the causes of inefficiency.

Originality/value

This paper aims to make two significant contributions to the extant literature. First, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published document has analyzed the technical efficiency of handloom micro-enterprises anywhere in the world. The authors fill this void by systematically analyzing the technical efficiency of the handloom industry in Assam.
Tiered network health plans and changes in physician practice intensity
Authors: Prager Elena , Sinaiko Anna D.
Published: May 2023

Objective

To examine whether physicians in tiered physician networks where tier assignments are based on “intensity” of care, which is the quantity of resources used per‐episode of care, change their intensity after learning detailed information about how their intensity compares to their peers.

Data Sources

Administrative data on intensity and quality at the physician‐episode level for all physicians included in a tiered physician network offered through the Massachusetts Group Insurance Commission (GIC) in 2010–2015. Data on physicians' share of revenue from GIC patients from the 2012 Massachusetts All‐Payer Claims Database.

Study Design

For 21,086 physicians in seven specialties, we estimate the impact of the dissemination of detailed intensity performance information in 2014 on physician intensity per episode of care overall and decomposed into physician services, facility, and pharmaceutical subcomponents. Intensity outcomes were measured using a standardized price schedule. Using a difference‐in‐differences regression, we compared physicians with high exposure to the tiered network via a large share of their revenue coming from GIC patients (“GIC share”) to physicians who were less exposed. Measures of intensity of care and GIC share were log‐transformed, and models controlled for physician‐episode type fixed effects.

Data Extraction Methods

We linked GIC share to administrative data using National Provider Identifier.

Principal Findings

There were no statistically significant differences in total intensity of care with the informational intervention for physicians in procedure‐based specialties (−0.12 elasticity of intensity per episode with respect to GIC patient share, 95% CI −0.30 to 0.06) or in relationship‐based specialties (0.09, 95% CI −0.15 to 0.33). There were also no differences in intensity of subcomponents of care following the intervention.

Conclusions

Tiered network incentives had no detectable impact on intensity of care that physicians provided to patients.
Successful resection after first‐line lenvatinib therapy in an advanced thymic carcinoma
Authors: Shimura Masatoshi , Miura Kentaro , Koizumi Tomonobu , Kanda Shintaro , Mishima Shuji , Hara Daisuke , Matsuoka Shunichiro , Eguchi Takashi , Hamanaka Kazutoshi , Uehara Takeshi , Shimizu Kimihiro
Published: May 2023

Thymic carcinoma is a highly malignant tumor and treatment options are limited. Lenvatinib, a novel multitargeted kinase inhibitor, has recently been approved for the treatment of unresectable thymic carcinoma. There are no reports of complete surgical resection after the administration of first‐line lenvatinib in advanced thymic carcinoma. A 50‐year‐old man visited our hospital because a computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest showed a large thymic squamous cell carcinoma. We suspected malignant pericardial effusion, invasion of the left upper lobe of the lung, and left mediastinal lymph node metastases. The patient was diagnosed with WHO classification stage IVb disease. Lenvatinib therapy was started at 24 mg/day as first‐line therapy. Gradual dose reduction to 16 mg/day was required because of hypertension, diarrhea, and palmar‐plantar erythrodysesthesia syndrome as side effects. Chest CT findings after 6 months of lenvatinib therapy showed reduction of the main tumor, disappearance of the mediastinal lymph node metastases, and pericardial effusion. Complete salvage resection was successfully performed a month after discontinuation of lenvatinib. The patient has been disease‐free for 1 year without adjuvant therapy. Lenvatinib therapy is one of the promising therapeutic options for thymic carcinoma and may make salvage surgery increasingly useful for advanced thymic carcinoma.
Impulsivity in amphetamine use disorder: Examination of sex differences
Authors: Stewart Jennifer L. , Burrows Kaiping , Davis Chrysantha B. , Wilhelm Ricardo A. , McNaughton Breanna A. , Kuplicki Rayus , Paulus Martin P. , Khalsa Sahib S. , White Evan J.
Published: May 2023

Aims

This study aimed to test whether there are sex differences in the relationship between impulsivity and amphetamine use disorder (AMP).

Design

A naturalistic cross‐sectional design was used.

Setting

The Tulsa 1000 study was held in Tulsa, OK, USA.

Participants

There were two groups in this study: AMP+ (29F, 20M) and AMP– (57F, 33M).

Measurements

This project focuses on data related to impulsivity: UPPS‐P impulsive behavior scale and a stop signal task (SST) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) recording. Group, sex and their interaction were compared for UPPS‐P ratings and SST fMRI and behavioral responses.

Findings

AMP+ reported higher UPPS‐P positive and negative urgency scores (Ps < 0.001; r = 0.56 and 0.51) and displayed greater bilateral insula and amygdala responses across correct SST trials (Ps < 0.001, g range = 0.57–0.81) than AMP–. fMRI results indicated that AMP+ exhibited larger right anterior/middle insula, amygdala and nucleus accumbens signals during successful difficult stop trials than AMP– (Ps < 0.01; g = 0.63, 0.54 and 0.44, respectively). Crucially, two group × sex effects emerged: (a) within females, AMP+ reported larger UPPS‐P lack of premeditation scores than AMP– (P < 0.001, r = 0.51), and (b) within males, AMP+ showed greater left middle insula signals than AMP– across correct SST trials (P = 0.01, g = 0.78).

Conclusions

Both female and male amphetamine users appear to be characterized by rash action in the presence of positive and negative mood states as well as heightened recruitment of right hemisphere regions during behavioral inhibition. In contrast, planning ahead may be particularly difficult for female amphetamine users, whereas male amphetamine users may need to recruit additional left hemisphere resources during inhibitory processing.
Effect of task‐based group experience on collaborative learning: Exploring the transaction activities
Authors: Zambrano R. Jimmy , Kirschner Femke , Sweller John , Kirschner Paul A.
Published: May 2023

Background

Collaborative learning is a widely used approach where students gather in small groups to solve problems and develop skills. However, grouping students is not always effective, and it may be necessary to provide task‐specific collaborative experiences to optimize their interactions for subsequent learning tasks.

Aims

To test this hypothesis, we conducted an experiment with 90 Ecuadorian students in their mathematics class.

Sample

Participants were 90 Ecuadorian students (average age = 13.80 years, SD = .70; 48.89% female) from a private school in Sangolquí, who participated as part of their mathematics class.

Method

The experiment consisted of four phases: preparation, learning, retention one‐day testing, and delayed seven‐day testing. In the preparation phase, 15 triads received guidance on working collaboratively with quadratic equations (i.e., experienced groups), while 45 other individual learners worked independently. In the learning phase, 15 experienced triads and 45 individual learners (who were later divided into 15 non‐experienced triads) received a new learning task in the domain of economics, precisely the break‐even point.

Results

The experienced group outperformed the non‐experienced group in the retention one‐day test, investing less mental effort and demonstrating greater efficiency. However, there was no significant difference in the delayed one‐week test. We analysed the interactions of the groups and found that experienced groups exhibited more cognitive, fewer regulatory, an equal number of emotional interactions, and fewer task‐unrelated interactions than the non‐experienced groups.

Conclusions

Providing task‐specific collaborative experiences can reduce the cognitive load associated with transactional activities and increase learning in new tasks.
Differentiating reefal ridges from relict coastal ridges: Lessons from the seismic geomorphologic study of buried Miocene buildups (North West Shelf, Australia)
Authors: Riera Rosine , Lebrec Ulysse , Lang Simon C. , Paumard Victorien
Published: May 2023

Linear buildups formed in tropical carbonate environments are often interpreted as bioconstructed reefs. Nevertheless, coastal processes can also form extensive sedimentary ridges exhibiting buildup morphologies. This study investigates two Miocene ridges developed along the Australian North West Shelf using 3D seismic and well data.Ridge 1is ca. 30 m thick and >60 km long, and it is made of foraminiferal pack‐grainstones. It protects a lagoon with pinnacle morphologies.Ridge 2is ca. 150 m thick and >80 km long. It is composed of quartz sand forming lobes. Both ridges have a continuous curvilinear front and are in a mid‐shelf setting. They mimic the modern Australian coastline. It is then proposed thatRidge 1is either: (1) a barrier reef developed on a drowned shoreline, or (2) stacked carbonate aeolianites and beachrocks acting as a barrier.Ridge 2is interpreted as stacked deltaic sands. This study demonstrates that lithified and buried coastal features of carbonate and siliciclastic nature can form extensive ridges exhibiting buildup morphologies. It is proposed that ridges formed by stacked coastal features are overall continuous with a curvilinear front, while reefal ridges are more discontinuous and exhibit deeper and more stable passes.
Anaerobic adhesives effect on counter‐torque of abutment screws on implants with external hexagon and conical connections: An in vitro study
Authors: Lyra Fernando Teodoro Metzker , Mares Clara Almeida , Sá Ana Flor , Dias Danilo Rocha , Lages Frederico Santos
Published: May 2023

Background

Abutment screw loosening is a common complication of implant supported prostheses, especially for single crowns. In engineering, anaerobic adhesives (AA) are used to provide chemical locking between screw surfaces, but their application in implantology remains unclear.

Purpose

The purpose of this article is to evaluate, in vitro, the effect of AA on counter‐torque of abutment screws for cemented prosthesis on dental implants with external hexagon connection (EHC) and conical connection (CC).

Materials and methods

Sample was composed by 60 specimens, 30 dental implants with EHC and 30 with CC. Abutments (transmucosal 3 mm straight universal abutment) were installed without AA (control group) or with application of AA with two different adhesive strength: medium strength (LOCTITE® 242) and high strength (LOCTITE® 277). The specimens were subjected to mechanical cycling at 37°C, with a load setting of 133 N, a 1.3 Hz frequency, and 1 200 000 cycles. The abutments were removed, and the counter‐torque values were registered. Screws and implants were inspected using a stereomicroscope to verify the presence of residual adhesive and damage the internal structures. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and comparison tests (p < 0.05).

Results

Comparing to the torque of installation, the medium strength AA kept the counter‐torque values for CC implants and the high strength AA kept the counter‐torque for EHC implants and increased for CC implants. In the intergroup comparisons, control group presented significantly lower counter‐torque values than other groups, both for EHC and CC implants. High strength AA presented similar results to medium strength AA in the EHC implants, but in the CC implants presented higher counter‐torque values. Damage in threads was more frequent in the groups that received high strength AA.

Conclusion

The use of AA increased the counter‐torque of abutment screws, both in implants with EHC and CC.
Questionnaire study of nuclear scintigraphy protocols in equine clinical practice: Preliminary data
Authors: Mageed Mahmoud , Dyab Shahlaa , Lindner Mario , Swagemakers Jan‐Hein
Published: May 2023

Background

Nuclear scintigraphy is commonly used as a diagnostic tool in equine medicine, particularly in the orthopaedic field. However, the scintigraphy protocol varies in the literature.

Objectives

To gather data on scanning protocols and radiation safety measures commonly employed in equine practice.

Study design

Prospective, descriptive, and questionnaire‐based study.

Methods

An electronic survey was distributed by Medical Imaging Electronic to clinics using an equine scanner scintigraphy unit (n = 150). The survey was designed to document staff experience therewith, operating procedures, and radiation safety practices.

Results

The response rate was 30% (45/150). Scintigraphy was used as a diagnostic tool in 6.8%–22.2% of the horses that presented for lameness examination. The most commonly used bone tracer was hydroxyethylene diphosphonate (51.1%; 23/45). The vascular and pool phases were rarely (<10% of horses) performed. The whole‐body scintigraphy was performed in 61–90% of the horses in 53.3% (24/45) of the participating clinics. The acquisition time of 90 s per image was commonly used (46.7%, 21/45). Fifty‐five percent of the operators underestimated or did not know the personnel's radiation exposure during the acquisition of bone scintigraphy and 34% of the personnel did not wear radiation protective clothes. Non‐musculoskeletal scintigraphy was never or rarely used in 88.9% of the clinics.

Main limitations

The relatively low response rate may indicate that the reported findings are not fully representative of all equine practices.

Conclusions

This survey provides preliminary data, which may be used to establish a guideline for equine nuclear scintigraphy in the future.
Global bioregions of reptiles confirm the consistency of bioregionalization processes across vertebrate clades
Authors: Falaschi Mattia , Marta Silvio , Lo Parrino Elia , Roll Uri , Meiri Shai , Ficetola Gentile Francesco
Published: May 2023

Aim

The identification of biogeographical zones has been fundamental in broadscale biodiversity analyses over the last 150 years. If processes underlying bioregionalization, such as climatic differences, tectonics and physical barriers, are consistent across vertebrate clades, we expect that groups with more similar ecological characteristics would show more similar bioregions. Lack of data has so far hampered the delineation of global bioregions for reptiles. Therefore, we integrated comprehensive geographic distribution and phylogenetic data of lepidosaurian reptiles to delineate global reptile bioregions, compare determinants of biogeographical boundaries across terrestrial vertebrates and test whether clades showing similar responses to environmental factors also show more similar bioregions.

Location

Global.

Time Period

Present.

Major Taxa Studied

Reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals.

Methods

For reptiles, we used phylogenetic beta diversity to quantify changes in community composition, and hierarchical clustering to identify biogeographic ‘realms’ and ‘regions’. Then, we assessed the determinants of biogeographical boundaries using spatially explicit regression models, testing the effect of climatic factors, physical barriers and tectonics. Bioregions of reptiles were compared to those of other vertebrate clades by testing the overall similarity of the spatial structure of bioregions, and the match of the position of biogeographical boundaries.

Results

For reptiles, we identified 24 evolutionarily unique regions, nested within 14 realms. Biogeographical boundaries of reptiles were related to both climatic factors and past tectonic movements. Bioregions were very consistent across vertebrate clades. Bioregions of reptiles and mammals showed the highest similarity, followed by reptiles/birds and mammals/birds while amphibian bioregions were less similar to those of the other clades.

Main Conclusions

The overall high similarity among bioregions suggests that bioregionalization was affected by similar underlying processes across terrestrial vertebrates. Nevertheless, clades with different eco‐physiological characteristics respond somewhat differently to the same environmental factors, resulting in similar but not identical regionalizations across vertebrate clades.
STRUCTURAL INTERVENTIONS IN NETWORKS
Authors: Sun Yang , Zhao Wei , Zhou Junjie
Published: May 2023

Two types of interventions are commonly implemented in networks: characteristics interventions, which influence individuals' intrinsic incentives, and structural interventions, which target the social links among individuals. In this article, we provide a general framework to evaluate the distinct equilibrium effects of both types of interventions. We show that any structural intervention is outcome‐equivalent to an endogenously determined characteristics intervention. We present a wide range of applications of our theory, including evaluating a potential new link in a community, identifying the most wanted criminal(s) in delinquent networks, and determining whether a structural intervention improves certain welfare measures.
Influence of microwave treatments on viability and vitality of wine‐origin microorganisms
Authors: Muñoz Raquel , Bevilacqua Antonio , Pérez María Soledad , Arévalo‐Villena María
Published: May 2023

Microwave has been used in food industries to enhance or replace conventional techniques. In Enology, its potential use is not clear since references indicate that can be intended for both inactivation of microorganisms and maceration treatments. In this context, it is important to know the effect of microwaves on microorganisms. This study focuses on the application of microwave (MW) on Saccharomyces and non‐Saccharomyces yeasts and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum (from oenological ecosystems) to evaluate their behaviour under different conditions of power, duration and presence of pulses on; viability and vitality were studied. MW affected microorganisms in different ways. In general, yeasts were less resistant than L. plantarum. Counts after treatments showed inactivation in some cases. Nevertheless, ODmax after 96 h presented values closer to the controls. This effect shows that in some cases the treatment exerts an antimicrobial effect after application, but after some time, microorganisms can restore their biological structures and growth, which is reflected in an increase in the lag phase. On a few occasions, treatments were able to improve the kinetic parameters. Thus, this technique could be useful for inactivation, attenuation or even activation of associated food microorganisms.
The effect of nursing care based on human caring theory on posttraumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents: Action research
Authors: Şimşek Arslan Buket , Buldukoğlu Kadriye
Published: May 2023

Problem

The death of a parent is a traumatic experience for adolescents. Studies to ensure post‐traumatic growth in adolescents are limited. The aim of this study to evaluate the effect of nursing care based on Watson's Theory of Human Caring on posttraumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents.

Methods

This study was participatory action research. The study was carried out with four participants through online interviews. In the study, pre‐ and post‐action data were obtained through individual interviews and scales. During the action process, nursing care based on the Theory of Human Caring was provided to the participants individually tracked through the Omaha System. Pre and post‐action qualitative data were analyzed using the descriptive analysis method. In quantitative data, scale total and sub‐scores were documented.

Findings

During the action, it was determined via Omaha System coding that the participants mostly experienced grief and mental health problems. In the pre‐action, the participants stated that they experienced various difficulties regarding grief. In the post‐action, the participants stated that the meaning of parental loss,its effects on life, and their ability to cope with loss changed and they experienced positive changes. In addition, when the scale scores of the participants' pre‐ and post‐action were compared, it was found that the Mourning Scale scores decreased, and the Post‐traumatic Growth Inventory scores increased.

Conclusions

The result of this study demonstrate that nursing care based on Theory of Human Caring reduces the grief symptoms and contributes to post‐traumatic growth in parentally bereaved adolescents.
A fully digital workflow to register maxillomandibular relation using a jaw motion tracer for fixed prosthetic rehabilitation: A technical report
Authors: Feng Yue , Zhan Linglu , Sun Xinrong , Li Junying , Liu Weicai
Published: May 2023

Objective

This technique aimed to describe a fully digital workflow to register maxillomandibular relation for fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.

Clinical Considerations

Mandibular kinematics could be reproduced in a four‐dimensional (4D) virtual patient based on the intraoral scan, facial scan, cone beam computed tomography, and jaw motion trajectory, which helped record centric relation and determine a proper occlusal vertical dimension in a virtual environment. The therapeutic position could be exported directly to the dental computer‐aided design software for digital waxing design with a facial scan. The 4D virtual patient was also used to verify the functional and esthetic outcomes of provisional restorations.

Conclusions

This novel approach digitized the process of determination, delivery, and double‐check of maxillomandibular relation, thus contributing to the establishment of a completely digital workflow for fixed prosthetic rehabilitation.

Clinical Significance

Registration of maxillomandibular relation, including centric relation and occlusal vertical dimension is critical to the success of prosthetic rehabilitation. Traditional procedures are complex and time‐consuming, and heavily rely on the clinical experience of dentists. A fully digital approach to creating a 4D virtual patient and registering the maxillomandibular relation is established, which guides to determine a proper occlusal vertical dimension in centric relation. Digital delivery and double‐check can simplify the conventional procedure and ensure that the determined maxillomandibular relation is reliable.
A novel formulation of active hexagonal‐compact nano packed composite system using emerging technology for food packaging applications
Authors: Mary T. Ruby Nirmala , Sinija V. R.
Published: May 2023

We report the nanoformulation of the active hexagonal‐compact nano‐packed composite system with iron oxide nanoparticles and glossy glutinous chitosan‐tapioca starch biopolymer solution (CTS‐S) for improved potential benefit in food packaging applications. The high pressure processing (HPP) treatment at various pressure level ranging from 100 to 500 MPa at constant time 120 s and optimized the formation of hexagonal nano‐packed system at 500 MPa. The UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and Zeta potential analysis suggested uniform dispersion of iron oxide nanoparticles and formulated an effective stable nano‐packed composite structure. The XRD analysis of HPP treated sample confirmed the enhancement in material properties with high degree of crystallinity nature. Further studies on antimicrobial effects for HPP treated nano‐packed composite solution exhibited an excellent antimicrobial property and examined over a period of 1 month against microbial deterioration. The study revealed that the novel nano‐packed composite solution could be used as an antimicrobial food packaging material.

Practical application

The research focused to the development of novel formulation of active hexagonal nano‐packed composite system using non‐thermal high pressure pascalization (HPP) technology. For the first time the design of compact nano structural pattern from the composite solution was developed which expresses an anti‐microbial characteristic even after exposed to environmental condition for a month. The experimental results revealed the practical application of formulated nano‐packed composite system with improvement bio‐physical properties and material characteristics has created an interest toward the food‐borne microbial barrier coating material which can be used in food packaging applications as well as promoting longer shelf life of food products with fabrication of nano‐packaging material as a commercial beneficial aspect in food packaging industries.