bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction of multi-scale grid for massive land survey data
Authors: Zhang Jia , Wang Xiulian , Zhang Xiaotong , Bai Xiaofei , Chen Qiang
Published: November 2020

In the face of ever-growing and complex massive multi-source spatiotemporal data, the traditional vector data model is increasingly difficult to meet the needs of efficient data organization, management, calculation and analysis. Based on the simple and widely used geographic grid data organization model, this paper designs a technical method to convert vector data into multi-scale grid data, establishes a unified, standardized and seamless land spatial grid data model, and analyses the area accuracy of multi-scale grid data. Practice shows that the model can better meet the needs of multi-scale geospatial information integration and analysis, and it is easy to carry out distributed data processing, which provides technical support for the efficient organization, fusion and analysis of spatiotemporal data.
Side-scan Sonar Image De-noising Based on Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition and Non-local Means
Authors: Zhao Kun , Ding Jisheng , Sun YanFei , Hu ZhiYuan
Published: November 2020

In order to suppress the multiplicative specular noise in side-scan sonar images, a denoising method combining bidimensional empirical mode decomposition and non-local means algorithm is proposed. First, the sonar image is decomposed into intrinsic mode functions(IMF) and residual component, then the high frequency IMF is denoised by non-local mean filtering method, and finally the processed intrinsic mode functions and residual component are reconstructed to obtain the de-noised side-scan sonar image. The paper’s method is compared with the conventional filtering algorithm for experimental quantitative analysis. The results show that this method can suppress the sonar image noise and retain the detailed information of the image, which is beneficial to the later image processing.
Determination of changes inArthrospira platensisantioxidant activity and growth parameters due to oxidative stress arising from Lambda cyhalothrin
Authors: Tunca Hatice
Published: November 2020

Toxic stress caused by pesticides changes the function and structure of the aquatic ecosystem via impressing to species composition. Therefore it is necessary to determine the reaction of cyanobacteria to pesticides for comprehend the effects of these substances on the aquatic ecosystems. This study aims to determine the toxicity and oxidative stress that Lambda cyhalothrin may cause in cyanobacteria, one of the primary producers in lake ecosystems. For these reasons, the changes in chlorophyll-acontent, OD560 absorbance, the antioxidant enzyme acitvities such as superoxidedismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reducatse (GR) were assessed to carry out the effect of Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations (between 6.25 and 100 μg ml−1) onArthrospira platensis. EC50 value is calculated as 11.94 μg m l−1Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations. SOD and APX activities was statistically different from the control at 100 μg m l−1Lambda cyhalothrin application compared to control inA. platensis-M2 cells. On the other hand, GR activity did not effect significantly. According to our results, we may conclude that Lambda cyhalothrin concentrations used in this study inhibited the growth ofA. platensiscells in a time and dose-dependent manner, as indicated by lowered chlorophyll-acontent and OD560 values and Lambda cyhalothrin caused oxidative stress inA. platensiscells. As a result, the restriction of Lambda cyhalothrin using at the certain concentrations may be a step to prevent pesticide pollution in the environment.
Syndrome de Brodie sévère : prise en charge orthodontique et chirurgicale
Authors: Rousselet Clothilde , Frans Charles , Bouckenooghe Hadrien , Guillaumot Geneviève , Racy Emmanuel , Le Norcy Elvire
Published: November 2020

Ce rapport décrit le traitement orthodontico-chirurgical d’une patiente présentant une exocclusion unilatérale sévère avec égression dentaire majeure associée à une biproalvéolie. La patiente âgée de 27 ans et demi s’est présentée afin de poursuivre un traitement orthodontique démarré un an auparavant du fait d’un décalage progressif de sa mâchoire. L’examen clinique a révélé un profil convexe avec une forte contraction labiale en occlusion, une exocclusion maxillaire droite, une bascule du plan d’occlusion avec occlusion verrouillée en ciseaux, une prognathie maxillaire et une laterognathie mandibulaire. Un nivellement des arcades dentaires a été obtenu à l’aide de miniplaques d’ancrage. L’extraction de quatre prémolaires a permis de corriger la proalvéolie mandibulaire, les torques maxillaires et de coordonner les formes d’arcade. La chirurgie bimaxillaire a permis de corriger l’exocclusion droite, la prognathie

maxillaire et la latérognathie mandibulaire. On note une bonne stabilité des résultats dentaires et squelettiques à 1 an de contention.
Videoassistierte Thorakoskopie unter Erhalt der Spontanatmung – eine anästhesiologische Perspektive
Authors: Sponholz Christoph , Winkens Michael , Fuchs Frank , Moschovas Alexandros , Steinert Matthias
Published: November 2020

Einleitung Videoassistiere thorakoskopische Verfahren (VATS) unter Erhalt der Spontanatmung (NI-VATS) erleben derzeit weltweit eine Renaissance. Bisher liegen nur wenige Berichte über die Selektion geeigneter Patienten sowie das operative und anästhesiologische Management dieser Verfahren in Deutschland vor. In dieser Fallserie legen wir unsere bisherigen Ergebnisse und Erfahrungen zur NI-VATS dar und diskutieren die Ergebnisse anhand vorliegender Umfrageergebnisse und der verfügbaren Literatur.

Methode Retrospektive Datenerhebung aller Patienten, die in unserer Einrichtung einer NI-VATS unterzogen wurden.

Ergebnisse Im Zeitraum 06/2018 bis 1/2020 wurden 17 (9 männliche und 8 weibliche) Patienten einer NI-VATS unterzogen. Die Patienten hatten ein medianes Alter von 68 [61 – 79] Jahren. Vierzehn Patienten hatten eine fortgeschrittene Krebserkrankung, die letztendlich zur Lungenoperation führte. Alle Patienten hatten schwerwiegende Nebenerkrankungen und wurden den ASA-Klassen III (n = 9) und IV (n = 8) zugeordnet. Die Operationen waren von kurzer Dauer (im Median 18 [15 – 27] Minuten) und beinhalteten in 82% der Fälle pleurale Eingriffe (Pleurektomie, Dekortikation oder Einlage einer Thoraxdrainage). Alle Patienten tolerierten die Operation unter Lokalanästhesie und Analgosedierung. Elf Patienten konnten postoperativ direkt über den Aufwachraum auf die Normalstation verlegt werden, die restlichen Patienten wurden einer intensivierten postoperativen Überwachung zugeführt. Fünf der 17 Patienten verstarben im weiteren stationären Aufenthalt, im Median 8 [3,0 – 33,5] Tage
nach der Operation im Rahmen ihrer Grunderkrankung. Kein Todesfall konnte mit der Operationstechnik in Zusammenhang gebracht werden.

Diskussion Die NI-VATS stellt bei ausgewählten Patienten und entsprechender Expertise vor Ort eine sichere und praktikable Alternative zur Operation in Allgemeinanästhesie und Einlungenventilation dar. In unserer Einrichtung wurden multimorbide Patienten mit Eingriffen von kurzer Dauer und überschaubarem Ausmaß der NI-VATS unterzogen und kristallisierten sich als geeignete Kandidaten für dieses Verfahren heraus. Neben der sorgfältigen Patientenselektion erscheint das (Er-)Kennen häufiger Komplikationen ein wichtiger Meilenstein der erfolgreichen NI-VATS zu sein.
Erythroxylum pungens Tropane Alkaloids: GC-MS Analysis and the Bioactive Potential of 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
Authors: Gondim Lambert Moreira Letícia , Leite Ferreira Maria Elisa , Reginaldo Fernanda Priscila Santos , Lourenço Estela Mariana Guimarães , Zuanazzi José Angelo Silveira , Barbosa Euzébio Guimarães , Ferreira Leandro de Santis , Fett-Neto Arthur Germano , Cavalheiro Alberto José , Luchiari Ana Carolina , Giordani Raquel Brandt
Published: November 2020

Tropane alkaloids are specialized plant metabolites mostly found in the Erythroxylaceae and Solanaceae families. Although tropane alkaloids have a high degree of structural similarity because of the tropane ring, their pharmacological actions are quite distinct. Brazil is one of the main hotspots of Erythroxylum spp. diversity with 123 species (almost 66% of the species catalogued in tropical America). Erythroxylum pungens occurs in the Caatinga, a promising biome that provides bioactive compounds, including tropane alkaloids. As part of our efforts to investigate this species, 15 alkaloids in specimens harvested under different environmental conditions are presented herein. The occurrence of 3-(2-methylbutyryloxy)tropan-6,7-diol in the stem bark of plants growing in their natural habitat, greenhouse controlled conditions, and after a period of water restriction, suggests that it is a potential chemical marker for the species. This alkaloid was evaluated for several parameters in zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model organism. Regarding toxicity, teratogenic effects were observed at 19.5 µM and the lethal dose for embryos was 18.4 µM. No mortality was observed in adults, but a behavioral screen showed psychostimulatory action at 116.7 µM. Overall, the alkaloid was able to cause zebrafish behavioral changes, prompting further investigation of its potential as a new molecule in the treatment of depression-like symptoms. In silico, targets involved in antidepressant pathways were identified by docking.
Rapid Screening for EGFR Inhibitor in Rhei Radix et Rhizoma by HTRF Assay Coupled with HPLC Peak Fractionation
Authors: Fu Yu , Xie Zhishen , Zhao Peng , Lv Shuangshuang , Chen Suiqing
Published: November 2020

In this paper, an HPLC peak fractionation approach combined with homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence analysis is proposed for screening epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors from Rhei Radix et Rhizoma. With this approach, the amount of sample used for a single HPLC run is sufficient for performing a multiple assay due to the miniaturization ability of the homogeneous time-resolved fluorescence technology. This allows for improving the stability and repeatability of the activity assay for each fraction. From a total of 26 fractions collected from the Rhei Radix et Rhizoma extract, 13 fractions exhibit inhibitory activity against the epidermal growth factor receptor. The structures of activity compounds were determined by HPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MS, revealing the presence of gallic acid, rhein, and emodin with IC50 values of 21.5, 5.29, and 10.2 µM, respectively. The ligand epidermal growth factor receptor interactions were explored by molecular docking
simulations, and the inhibitory effects of the three compounds on A549 cell growth were tested in vitro by an MTT assay. This study demonstrates the suitability of the present screening method for drug discovery in natural products.
Arterial Stiffness and Left Ventricular Diastolic Function in Endurance Athletes
Authors: Hashimoto Yuto , Okamoto Takanobu
Published: November 2020

The present study investigated the relationship between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function in endurance-trained athletes. Sixteen young male endurance-trained athletes and nine sedentary of similar age men participated in this study. Resting measures in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity were obtained to assess arterial stiffness. Left ventricular diastolic function was assessed using 2-dimensional echocardiography. The athletes tended to have lower arterial stiffness than the controls (P=0.071). Transmitral A-waves in the athletes were significantly lower (P=0.018) than the controls, and left ventricular mass (P=0.034), transmitral E-wave/A-wave (P=0.005) and peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity at the septal site (P=0.005) in the athletes were significantly greater than the controls. A significant correlation was found between arterial stiffness and left ventricular diastolic function (E-wave: r=− 0.682, P=0.003, E-wave/A-wave: r=− 0.712, P=0.002, peak early diastolic mitral annular velocity at the septal site: r=− 0.557, P=0.025) in the athletes, whereas no correlation was found in controls. These results suggest that lower arterial stiffness is associated with higher left ventricular diastolic function in endurance-trained athletes.
Synthesis of Spiro Oxazolidinedione Analogues Based on Tandem Multicyclizations of 1,3-Dimethylalloxan and Enaminones in Water
Authors: Teimouri Mohammad Bagher , Yavari Issa , Abbasi Tina , Bikas Rahman
Published: November 2020

A tandem double-annulation reaction of 1,3-dimethylalloxan with enaminones, generated in situ from alkyl amines and alkyl but-2-ynoates or pent-3-yn-2-ones to give functionalized oxazolidinedione spiro analogues is described. Three of the four carbonyl groups of alloxan have been engaged through a tandem Michael addition, aldol-type condensation, and double intramolecular annulation sequence.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ)-Mediated Tandem Oxidative-Coupling/Annulation of o-Hydroxyaryl Enaminones with Cycloheptatriene
Authors: Cheng Dongping , Xu Xiaoliang , Pu Yueqi , Wang Mingliang , Shen Yinqiang , Shen Jing , Yan Jizhong
Published: November 2020

A DDQ-mediated tandem reaction of easily available o-hydroxy­aryl enaminones and cycloheptatriene is disclosed. It provides an effective and convenient method for the synthesis of 3-(cycloheptatrienyl)-substituted chromones in moderate to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance; this reaction involves an oxidative coupling and intramolecular annulation pathway.
A large field-of-view high-resolution hard x-ray microscope using polymer optics
Authors: Qiao Zhi , Shi Xianbo , Kenesei Peter , Last Arndt , Assoufid Lahsen , Islam Zahir
Published: November 2020

We present an effective approach using a matched pair of polymer-based condenser–objective lenses to build a compact full-field x-ray microscope with a high spatial resolution. A unique condenser comprising arrays of high-aspect-ratio prisms with equilateral cross section is used for uniformly illuminating samples over a large field of view (FOV) from all angles, which match the acceptance of an objective made of interdigitated orthogonal rows of one-dimensional lenses. State-of-the-art Talbot grating interferometry used to characterize these lenses for the first time revealed excellent focusing properties and minimal wavefront distortions. Using a specific lens pair designed for 20 keV x rays, short-exposure times, and image registration with a cross-correlation technique, we circumvent vibrational instabilities to obtain distortion-free images with a uniform resolution of 240 nm (smallest resolvable line pair) over a large FOV, 80 × 80 µm2 in extent. The results were contrasted with those collected using commercial two-dimensional parabolic lenses with a smaller FOV. This approach implemented on a diffractometer would enable diffraction-contrast or dark-field microscopy for fast observations of “mesoscopic” phenomena in real space complementing reciprocal-space studies using diffraction on the same instrument.
Toward a systematic improvement of the fixed-node approximation in diffusion Monte Carlo for solids—A case study in diamond
Authors: Benali Anouar , Gasperich Kevin , Jordan Kenneth D. , Applencourt Thomas , Luo Ye , Bennett M. Chandler , Krogel Jaron T. , Shulenburger Luke , Kent Paul R. C. , Loos Pierre-François , Scemama Anthony , Caffarel Michel
Published: November 2020

While Diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) is in principle an exact stochastic method for ab initio electronic structure calculations, in practice, the fermionic sign problem necessitates the use of the fixed-node approximation and trial wavefunctions with approximate nodes (or zeros). This approximation introduces a variational error in the energy that potentially can be tested and systematically improved. Here, we present a computational method that produces trial wavefunctions with systematically improvable nodes for DMC calculations of periodic solids. These trial wavefunctions are efficiently generated with the configuration interaction using a perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI) method. A simple protocol in which both exact and approximate results for finite supercells are used to extrapolate to the thermodynamic limit is introduced. This approach is illustrated in the case of the carbon diamond using Slater–Jastrow trial wavefunctions including up to one million Slater determinants. Fixed-node DMC energies obtained with such large expansions are much improved, and the fixed-node error is found to decrease monotonically and smoothly as a function of the number of determinants in the trial wavefunction, a property opening the way to a better control of this error. The cohesive energy extrapolated to the thermodynamic limit is in close agreement with the estimated experimental value. Interestingly, this is also the case at the single-determinant level, thus, indicating a very good error cancellation in carbon diamond between the bulk and atomic total fixed-node energies when using single-determinant nodes.
Machine-learned electron correlation model based on frozen core approximation
Authors: Ikabata Yasuhiro , Fujisawa Ryo , Seino Junji , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Nakai Hiromi
Published: November 2020

The machine-learned electron correlation (ML-EC) model is a regression model in the form of a density functional that reproduces the correlation energy density based on wavefunction theory. In a previous study [T. Nudejima et al., J. Chem. Phys. 151, 024104 (2019)], the ML-EC model was constructed using the correlation energy density from all-electron calculations with basis sets including core polarization functions. In this study, we applied the frozen core approximation (FCA) to the correlation energy density to reduce the computational cost of the response variable used in machine learning. The coupled cluster singles, doubles, and perturbative triples [CCSD(T)] correlation energy density obtained from a grid-based energy density analysis was analyzed within FCA and correlation-consistent basis sets without core polarization functions. The complete basis set (CBS) limit of the correlation energy density was obtained using the extrapolation and composite schemes. The CCSD(T)/CBS correlation energy densities based on these schemes showed reasonable behavior, indicating its appropriateness as a response variable. As expected, the computational time was significantly reduced, especially for systems containing elements with a large number of inner-shell electrons. Based on the density-to-density relationship, a large number of data (5 662 500 points), which were accumulated from 30 molecules, were sufficient to construct the ML-EC model. The valence-electron correlation energies and reaction energies calculated using the constructed model were in good agreement with the reference values, the latter of which were superior in accuracy to density functional calculations using 71 exchange–correlation functionals. The numerical results indicate that the FCA is useful for constructing a versatile model.
Parameter optimization of light outcoupling structures for high-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Samigullina Dinara , Will Paul-Anton , Galle Lydia , Lenk Simone , Grothe Julia , Kaskel Stefan , Reineke Sebastian
Published: November 2020

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) have successfully entered the display market and continue to be attractive for many other applications. As state-of-the-art OLEDs can reach an internal quantum efficiency of almost 100%, light outcoupling remains one of the major screws left to be turned. The fact that no superior outcoupling structure has been found underlines that further investigations are needed to understand their prospect. In this paper, we use two-dimensional titanium dioxide block arrays as a model of an internal light outcoupling structure and investigate the influence of its geometrical parameters on achieving the highest external quantum efficiency (EQE) for OLEDs. The multivariable problem is evaluated with the visual assistance of scatterplots, which enables us to propose an optimal period range and the block width-to-distance ratio. The highest EQE achieved is 45.2% with internal and external structures. This work contributes to the highly desired prediction of ideal light outcoupling structures in the future.
Elastocaloric properties of thermoplastic polyurethane
Authors: Coativy Gildas , Haissoune Hiba , Seveyrat Laurence , Sebald Gaël , Chazeau Laurent , Chenal Jean-Marc , Lebrun Laurent
Published: November 2020

Very few studies have explored the elastocaloric effect of elastomers other than natural rubber (NR). The aim of the present article is thus to evaluate the elastocaloric properties of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) in terms of microstructural characteristics and thermoelastic coupling. Calorimetric measurements showed two successive peaks at 240 K and 282 K, attributed to the crystallization and melting of soft segments, respectively. X-ray diffraction indicated that TPU exhibited a fully reversible strain-induced crystallization at room temperature. Thermomechanical experiments performed at different elongations revealed a minimum adiabatic temperature variation of about −8 K after retraction of a sample initially elongated at λ = 5. This is comparable to NR performances. However, for cycles carried out between λ = 1 and λ  = 5, tensile stress/elongation curves showed a non-elastic behavior of TPU. A pseudo-elastic response was obtained for cyclic elongation when unloading was incomplete, in our case, when λ was between 3 and 5. The recorded peak-to-peak temperature variation decreased from 4.5 K to 3.3 K when the number of cycles was increased to 5000. Despite the fact that the issue of fatigue resistance for TPU needs to be addressed, this work opens new perspectives for studying the elastocaloric properties of various polyurethanes (whether crosslinked or thermoplastic) as well as other materials with a tendency for strain-induced crystallization, such as polychloroprene, hydrogenated acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, and others.
Synthetic capsule breakup in simple shear flow
Authors: Joung Seyoung , Song Minho , Kim Daegyoum
Published: November 2020

Synthetic capsules in which a thin membrane encloses some biological or chemical ingredients are used in diverse industrial and biomedical applications. In extreme flow environments, the hydrodynamic loading acting on the membrane of the capsule may cause large deformation and structural failure. Although previous experimental studies have focused on the rheological behavior of capsules immersed in different types of flow, the mechanical characteristics of capsules under high shear rate and their breakup mechanism remain unclear. To investigate the breakup process in a simple shear flow, capsules based on human serum albumin are fabricated and used in experiments with a Couette flow rheoscope. The deformation of a tank-treading capsule is examined with the tension distribution on the membrane estimated by a simple analytical model, and the effects of membrane pre-stress on tension distribution and deformation are analyzed using non-inflated and inflated capsules. A non-inflated capsule without pre-stress continues to elongate with increasing shear rate until breakup, while an inflated capsule with pre-stress exhibits a plateau in the deformation under a high shear rate. Furthermore, based on the measurement of the time scale of breakup, we suggest that the breakup of a capsule may occur as a result of membrane fatigue. Given sufficiently high shear rate, the rupture of a membrane segment is induced by large-amplitude cyclic stress, which leads to the tear-up of the capsule along its meridional plane and finally the formation of two daughter lumps.
Formation of an Ag/MoS2 composite structure through photothermal conversion
Authors: Shi Dekun , Jia Guozhi , Yao Jianghong
Published: November 2020

Precious metal nanoparticle composite two-dimensional materials have attracted widespread attention due to their excellent photothermal properties. A new method for selective modification of silver nanoparticles on atomic layered molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is presented. An Ag/MoS2 composite structure is formed under the continuous irradiation of an 808 nm laser. The heat generated by the photothermal conversion of the MoS2 nanosheets plays a major role in the growth of silver nanoparticles. The Ag/MoS2 composite structure is analyzed via the combination of the absorption spectrum, scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution, and Raman spectroscopy. The photothermal conversion can drive nanometer composite heterogeneous material growth.
Density functional study of relaxation of adsorbate vibration modes: Dominance of anharmonic interaction
Authors: Gu Lei , Wu Ruqian
Published: November 2020

Formulation and density functional workflow for calculating the lifetime of vibrational modes of molecular adsorbates on solid surfaces due to vibration–phonon coupling are presented. The anharmonic coupling is invoked to give the correct description of the origin of temperature dependence. Using pyrrolidine (C4H9N) absorbed on the Cu(001) surface as a concrete example, we show that the anharmonic coupling can be one to two orders more significant than the harmonic interaction for the broadening of vibrational spectra, especially as temperature increases. These results challenge the common assumption that the anharmonic interaction is weak and call for attention of considering its effect in quantum relaxation and related problems.
Effect of temperature on the coupling transport of water and ions through a carbon nanotube in an electric field
Authors: Salman Shabbir , Zhao Yunzhen , Zhang Xingke , Su Jiaye
Published: November 2020

Temperature governs the motion of molecules at the nanoscale and thus should play an essential role in determining the transport of water and ions through a nanochannel, which is still poorly understood. This work devotes to revealing the temperature effect on the coupling transport of water and ions through a carbon nanotube by molecular dynamics simulations. A fascinating finding is that the ion flux order changes from cation > anion to anion > cation with the increase in field strength, leading to the same direction change of water flux. The competition between ion hydration strength and mobility should be a partial reason for this ion flux order transition. High temperatures significantly promote the transport of water and ions, stabilize the water flux direction, and enhance the critical field strength. The ion translocation time exhibits an excellent Arrhenius relation with the temperature and a power law relation with the field strength, yielding to the Langevin dynamics. However, because of self-diffusion, the water translocation time displays different behaviors without following the ions. The high temperature also leads to an abnormal maximum behavior of the ion flux, deciphered by the massive increase in water flow that inversely hinders the ion flux, suggesting the coexistence of water–ion coupling transport and competition. Our results shed deep light on the temperature dependence of coupling transport of water and ions, answering a fundamental question on the water flux direction during the ionic transport, and thus should have great implications in the design of high flux nanofluidic devices.
Metal-insulator transition and doping-induced phase change in Ge2Sb2Se5xTe5−5x
Authors: Xu Zhenyang , Park Keeseong , Schneeloch John A. , Louca Despina
Published: November 2020

Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST-225), a phase change material (PCM) with vast differences in the electrical and optical characteristics between its amorphous and crystalline phases, is revisited to explore its properties with Se doping. GST crystallizes in a layered hexagonal ground state, while the precursor to the amorphous state is a distorted rock salt like structure with vacancies at the Ge/Sb sites. Upon doping, liquid nitrogen quenched Ge2Sb2Se5xTe5−5x (GSST-225) exhibits a direct hexagonal-to-amorphous phase change above x > 0.8, whereas the rock salt like structure appears as a second phase with a volume fraction that does not change as a function of the doping. The phase change is accompanied by a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT), with a several orders of magnitude increase in the resistivity on approaching the amorphous state. A similar MIT is observed even without the phase change in hexagonal crystals with doping levels above x > 0.8. On warming amorphous GSST (x = 0.9) above room temperature, a reversal to the hexagonal phase occurs with a re-crystallization onset temperature (Tc) above 300 °C, much higher than the Tc (∼170 °C) of amorphous GST and an activation energy of 1.47 eV, which is comparable to good glass formers.
Metroethnicity, Naming and Mocknolect
Authors: Maher John C.
Published: November 2020

Language is a social space, an aesthetic, a form of play and communication, a geographical reference, a jouissance, a producer of numerous social and personal identities. This book takes up salient issues of sociolinguistics with a specific focus on Japan: language and gender (the married name controversy), language and the 'portable' identities being fashioned around traditional, essentialist notions of ethnicity (metroethnicity) endangerment, slang, taboo and discriminatory language in Japanese especially regarding minorities, place-names from indigenous languages, the fellowship and parody of children's songs, and the diversity of nicknames among children and young people. This books gives radical and new perspectives on the sociolinguistics of Japanese.
The Arabic of Dune
Authors: Ryding Karin Christina
Published: November 2020

In the fictional universe of Dune, Frank Herbert’s classic 1965 space opera, the author draws attention to the landscape and the inhabitants of the desert planet by conferring on them Arabic or Arabic-sounding names. Although the Arabic-language borrowings are a salient component of his narrative style, they have not been studied from the point of view of linguistics or from a stylistics approach that analyzes Herbert’s strategic deployment of terms and how they are embedded in his imagined desert world, Arrakis. This essay links Herbert’s discursive strategies with the landscape that he created along the lines of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis. His investigation of foreign language lexicons unfolded a rich tapestry of terms which he employed to bring the languages of our time into the worlds of Dune, and to connect the reader with the potent interplay of language and place.
(Re)mapping “authentic” London
Authors: Smith Jennifer
Published: November 2020

Busse and Warnke’s (2015) Urban Linguistic research paradigm is a seminal and precise answer to recent calls for interdisciplinary investigations of urban space/place that include semiotic and linguistic aspects. The methodological, technical and technological consequences of implementing interdisciplinary urban research, however, are manifold and highly complex. This exploratory case study is an attempt to showcase qualitative analyses of how ‘place-making practices’ (cf. Busse and Warnke 2015) manifest in two urban data types. Ideally, such small-scale investigations need to be complemented and contextualised by further quantitative methods and big data sets, such as the heiURBAN corpus by Busse (cf. e.g., Busse 2020). This chapter combines literary analysis of Iain Sinclair’s London Overground (2015) with descriptions of the semiotic landscape of Shoreditch, one of the most prominent gentrifying/gentrified neighbourhoods in London’s East End. It is embedded into my doctoral research of Shoreditch’s semiotic landscape and the analysis hints at how urban places are situated in discourses of urbanity, gentrification, change, authenticity, and commodification. The scope of this article remains small and exploratory but provides insight into some of the aforementioned methodological issues as well as an outlook of what further investigations may focus on.
Naming as styling
Authors: Tan Peter K.W.
Published: November 2020

This chapter examines the notion of authenticity as applied to building names in Singapore. The city itself is seen as a multi-authored text, and constitutes a kind of narrative within which building names form an important element. An initial definition of authenticity is developed based on ideas of names being true to the entity’s identity or destiny; choice in naming is seen as style which signals meaningful elements linked to identity. This, however, is problematised in the context of multiple and changing identities; postmodernism also challenges the notion of fixed or non-negotiable identities. Modernist and postmodernist approaches to the notion are therefore contrasted, and particular features of building names are discussed as to whether these can be seen as touchstones of inauthenticity: the languages represented, their grammaticality, orthographic manipulation and name coinages. The conclusion is that the notion of authenticity might be a less useful concept in the postmodernist world.
When bilinguals outperform monolinguals
Authors: Miller Lauren
Published: November 2020

This study explores cross-linguistic influence among different populations of Spanish-English bilinguals by
studying their interpretation, production and acceptance of definite articles in subject position. The three bilingual groups
included Heritage Speakers of Spanish living in the United States, L1 English/L2 Spanish speakers, and L1 Spanish/L2 English
speakers. Two groups of monolingual speakers (Spanish and English) were also tested for comparison. Results show that instructed
bilinguals outperformed monolinguals on the acceptability judgment task but that monolinguals performed better on the
interpretation tasks. Additionally, the type of linguistic experience each group had was found to predict variable performance
across acceptance, production, and interpretation tasks. These results support multi-competence models of bilingualism, which
argue that language performance is linked to language experience, suggesting that variable amounts of exposure rather than age of
onset of acquisition may be the crucial difference between first language and second language speakers.
Linking or delinking of ideas?
Authors: Navarro Gil Noelia , Pugès Helena Roquet
Published: November 2020

This paper explores the use of adversative Linking Adverbials (LAs) in the academic writing of advanced English Foreign Language (EFL) learners with different linguistic backgrounds. The learner corpus used in this study consists of 50 argumentative essays which are contrasted with a native corpus: the American university students’ corpus (LOCNESS).Liu’s (2008)comprehensive list of adversative LAs has been used for the analysis. Findings reveal that both non-native (NNS) and native speakers of English (NS) use similar types of adversative LAs, but NNS place them regularly in sentence- and sometimes in paragraph-initial position, which often results in punctuation issues and misuse. A total of 9 LAs were found to be overused (e.g.,nevertheless) and underused (e.g.,actually) by NNS. The analysis performed according to L1 has yielded unexpected results in terms of preference, frequency, and placement of adversative LAs. The so-called ‘teaching effect’ is considered one of the main factors influencing the learners’ choices.
Evaluation of Metglas/polyvinylidene fluoride magnetoelectric bilayer composites for flexible in-plane resonant magnetic sensors
Authors: Zhang Hao , Mu Xuejian , Yang Shuya , Zhang Chenyan , Xu Jie , Wang Xia , Li Qiang , Cao Derang , Li Shandong
Published: November 2020

Flexible magnetic sensors are attracting more and more attention because of their application in wearable devices. In this paper, Metglas/polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) bilayer composite with good flexibility was fabricated to evaluate its applicability as a flexible in-plane magnetic sensor. The magnetoelectric (ME) coupling characteristics and sensing performance of the sample were investigated under different test conditions, including different AC and DC magnetic field, and changing the direction of the magnetic field and the bending degree of the sample. The sample shows a large ME coefficient with a value of 176.41 V cm−1 Oe. The sensitivity, linearity and deviation of the sample are 892.96 mV Oe−1, 0.99965 and ±2% for the AC magnetic field, and 157.6 mV Oe−1, 0.99444 and ±5% for the DC magnetic field, respectively, and it shows excellent stability over repetitions. Moreover, the sample was gradually rotated anticlockwise in the magnetic fields. The output voltage of the sample varies with the rotation angle and has a good symmetry in plane, which is described well by a sine function. In addition, the clamping effect of the sample was studied. Even when bent, the sample still maintains an excellent and stable performance. The sensitivity and linearity of the sample with a bent angle of 23.5° are 254.37 mV Oe−1 and 0.99975 for the AC magnetic field, and 28.07 mV Oe−1 and 0.99309 for the DC magnetic field, respectively. The deviation of measurements is small for both the AC and DC magnetic sensors. In summary, the present study shows that the Metglas/PVDF bilayer composite has a good sensing performance and is suitable for = flexible in-plane resonant magnetic sensors.
Anharmonic effects on the dynamics of solid aluminium from ab initio simulations
Authors: Adams Donat J , Wang Lin , Steinle-Neumann Gerd , Passerone Daniele , Churakov Sergey V
Published: November 2020

Two approaches to simulations of phonon properties of solids beyond the harmonic approximation, the self-consistent ab initio lattice dynamics (SCAILD) and decoupled anharmonic mode approximation (DAMA) are critically benchmarked against each other and molecular dynamics simulations using a density-functional-theory description of electronic states, and compared to experimental data for fcc aluminium. The temperature-dependence of phonon dispersion and the phonon density-of-states, heat capacity, and the mean atomic displacement for fcc aluminium are examined with these approaches at ambient pressure. A comparison of results obtained with the harmonic approximation to the ones predicted by SCAILD and DAMA reveal a negligible anharmonic contribution to phonon frequencies, a small, but significant influence on heat capacity, and a strong effect on atomic mean-square displacement. The phase space accessed with SCAILD and DAMA is reduced relative to molecular and harmonic lattice dynamics simulations. In particular the DAMA results are in good agreement with displacement amplitudes determined by the Debye–Waller factor in x-ray diffraction experiments.
Flux surface identification by spatio-temporal coupling with partial mutual information analysis of electron cyclotron emission data
Authors: Guerrero Arnaiz J F , Dinklage A , Pompe B , Geiger J , Hirsch M , Höfel U , Marushchenko N , Turkin Y , Wolf R C
Published: November 2020

Fluctuations of electron cyclotron emission (ECE) signals are analyzed for differently heated Wendelstein 7-X plasmas. The fluctuations appear to travel predominantly on flux surfaces and are used as ‘tracers’ in multivariate time series. Different statistical techniques are assessed to reveal the coupling and information entropy-based coupling analysis are conducted. All these techniques provide evidence that the fluctuation analysis allows one to check the consistency of magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) equilibrium calculations. Expanding the suite of techniques applied in fusion data analysis, partial mutual information (PMI) analysis is introduced. PMI generalizes traditional partial correlation (Frenzel and Pompe Phys. Rev. Lett.
99 204101) and also Schreiber’s transfer entropy (Schreiber 2000 Phys. Rev. Lett.
85 461). The main additional capability of PMI is to allow one to discount for specific spurious data. Since PMI analysis allows one to study the effect of common drivers, the influence of the electron cyclotron resonance heating on the mutual dependencies of simultaneous ECE measurements was assessed. Additionally, MHD mode activity was found to be coupled in a limited volume in the plasma core for different plasmas. The study reveals an experimental test for equilibrium calculations and ECE radiation transport.
On possibility of strong anomalous damping of an ordinary pump wave in the electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments due to the low-power-threshold parametric decay instability
Authors: Gusakov E Z , Popov A Yu
Published: November 2020

We analyze the low power-threshold parametric decay instability of an ordinary wave in the first electron cyclotron harmonic frequency range, which leads to the excitation of a localized upper hybrid (UH) wave and a lower hybrid wave. We investigate its transition into the saturation mode due to both the pump wave depletion and the cascade of successive secondary decays. A set of equations describing this nonlinear frequency down-conversion of the primary UH wave is derived and then solved both analytically and numerically under the conditions typical of the off-axis O1-mode electron cyclotron resonance heating experiments in the FTU tokamak. The possibility of a strong anomalous absorption of the pump power in the case of even-step cascade of secondary decays is discovered.
New states of matter with fine-tuned interactions: quantum droplets and dipolar supersolids
Authors: Böttcher Fabian , Schmidt Jan-Niklas , Hertkorn Jens , Ng Kevin S H , Graham Sean D , Guo Mingyang , Langen Tim , Pfau Tilman
Published: November 2020

Quantum fluctuations can stabilize Bose–Einstein condensates (BEC) against the mean-field collapse. Stabilization of the condensate has been observed in quantum degenerate Bose–Bose mixtures and dipolar BECs. The fine-tuning of the interatomic interactions can lead to the emergence of two new states of matter: liquid-like self-bound quantum droplets and supersolid crystals formed from these droplets. We review the properties of these exotic states of matter and summarize the experimental progress made using dipolar quantum gases and Bose–Bose mixtures. We conclude with an outline of important open questions that could be addressed in the future.
New spin-resolved thermal radiation laws for nonreciprocal bianisotropic media
Authors: Khandekar Chinmay , Khosravi Farhad , Li Zhou , Jacob Zubin
Published: November 2020

A chiral absorber of light can emit spin-polarized (circularly polarized) thermal radiation based on Kirchhoff’s law which equates spin-resolved emissivity with spin-resolved absorptivity for reciprocal media at thermal equilibrium. No such law is known for nonreciprocal media. In this work, we discover three spin-resolved Kirchhoff’s laws of thermal radiation applicable for both reciprocal and nonreciprocal planar media. In particular, these laws are applicable to multi-layered or composite slabs of generic bianisotropic material classes which include (uniaxial or biaxial) birefringent crystals, (gyrotropic) Weyl semimetals, magnetized semiconductors, plasmas, ferromagnets and ferrites, (magnetoelectric) topological insulators, metamaterials and multiferroic media. We also propose an experiment to verify these laws using a single system of doped indium antimonide (InSb) thin film in an external magnetic field. Furthermore, we reveal a surprising result that the planar slabs of all these material classes can emit partially circularly polarized thermal light without requiring any surface patterning, and identify planar configurations which can experience nontrivial thermal optomechanical forces and torques upon thermal emission into the external environment at lower temperature (nonequilibrium). Our work also provides a new fundamental insight of detailed balance of angular momentum (in addition to energy) of equilibrium thermal radiation, and paves the way for practical functionalities based on thermal radiation using nonreciprocal bianisotropic materials.
Hybrid power system for effective utilization of natural energy resources
Authors: Gemechu B D , Orlov M E
Published: November 2020

An evaluation on the technoeconomic assessment of a hybrid solar-geothermal power plant is performed taking into account the geothermal and solar energy resources available at Tendaho -1 (Dubti) geothermal site in Ethiopia. A hybrid power plant in which a single-flash geothermal power plant integrated with a parabolic trough concentrated solar power system is used as a base for the technoeconomic analysis. The technoeconomic performance of the hybrid system was compared with a power generation system composed of stand-alone solar and geothermal power plants. Results showed that the that by combining the solar and geothermal energies, in hybrid power system it is possible to generate 10.4% more electricity than it would be generated by two-stand-alone power plants. Moreover, the economic figure of merit values is found to be 3.42 and 2.62 for the hybrid power plant with and without TES respectively. This mean that the specific cost of utilizing the solar energy in the hybrid power system is lower by 70.5% and 61.5% than the specific cost of utilizing the solar energy in stand-alone solar power plant.
Analysis of fuel economy of small energy complex schemes based on gas turbine and wind-driven power plants
Authors: Yu Ignatov V , Vdovenko I A , Nikolaev Yu E
Published: November 2020

Here the energy complex is considered, representing a combination of gas turbine and wind power plants. The combination of plants that operate on different types of fuel (renewable and organic) reduces fuel consumption in a gas turbine installation. Four schemes are described and a comparative analysis of the fuel economy of each scheme is compared with the separate production of electric energy at a conventional thermal power station. For this, a mathematical model for calculating the energy characteristics was developed. The analysis revealed that the energy complex, including a gas turbine without regeneration, a current converter, and a peak boiler, has the greatest cost-effectiveness.
Economic assessment of the use of double-acting resuperheating of water vapor at the PGU-420 Cherepovets state district power station
Authors: Kudinov A A , Ziganshina S K , Khusainov K R
Published: November 2020

To increase the efficiency of a three-circuit combined-cycle plant, it is proposed to perform double resuperheating of water vapor in the high pressure loop (intermediate superheater ISH-1) and in the cooler part of the heat recovery boiler (intermediate superheater ISH-2). It was found by calculation that the implementation of the double reheated steam at high pressure and the tail of the WHRB increases the electrical efficiency of PGU-420 by 0.92 % compared to the option of a single resuperheat (from 60.45 to 61.37 %). The capacity of PGU-420 increases by 3.7 % (from 422.94 to 438.61 MWt). The specific reference fuel consumption is reduced by 1.5 % (from 203.47 to 200.42 g/(kWfh)). The steam dryness factor increases by 6.03 % (from 93.2 to 99.23 %). The steam turbine efficiency increases by 1.15 % (from 36.26 to 37.41 %), and steam turbine power increases by 11.61 % (from 134.94 to 150.61 MWt). The economic effect of the implementation of the second water vapor resuperheating in monetary terms is 48.0 million rubles per year when the cost of fuel equivalent is 3700 rubles/t. f e. and at the operating time of 7500 h/year.