bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Employer attitudes toward persons with visible tattoos
Authors: Bekhor Philip S , Bekhor Lynne , Gandrabur Marnie
Published: June 2007

A total of 242 employers were surveyed over the telephone to assess their attitudes toward prospective employees with visible tattooing. Employers were divided into eight categories according to type of industry. Responses to the survey were tabulated and confidence intervals produced. It would appear that significant bias exists against the employment of persons with visible tattoos in the hospitality, beauty, retail and office sectors where less than 30% of those surveyed would employ a person with a tattoo. All industries except building and the public service admitted that they would be influenced by a visible tattoo in over 40% of cases.
A case of Grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthomas
Authors: Kavanagh Gina M , Marshman Gillian , Hanna Marshall M
Published: June 2007

We report a case of Grzybowski's generalized eruptive keratoacanthoma which demonstrates the characteristic features of this rare condition. The recurring nature of the eruption each summer supports the suggestion that UV irradiation may act as a precitating factor in eruptive keratoacanthoma.
Carmalt splinter forceps: A useful instrument
Authors: Hill Dudley
Published: June 2007

Most dermatologie surgeons have favourite instruments that they like to use. One of mine is the Carmalt splinter forceps. These forceps are short (about 10 cm in length) and have triangular pointed tips with serrations that are kept in alignment by a small pin at the broadest area of the tip.
Conducting a factory or plant visit
Authors: Tong David W
Published: June 2007

Plant visits are an invaluable tool in the management of work‐related skin disorders, as they are the means by which a dermatologist gains firsthand information about the circumstances under which a work‐related skin disorder has arisen in a plant or factory. In order to manage the workplace hazards which are responsible for skin disease, these must be identified and evaluated, and recommendations made about their control. While it may be possible to do this vicariously by questioning, examining, and investigating affected workers in the office, site visits to the plant or factory are sometimes necessary for the optimal assessment and management of such cases, as they often provide valuable information and insights not forthcoming from the history, examination, and investigations. This article explores the rationale behind plant visits, and discusses the pre‐visit assessment, pre‐visit preparation, the plant visit itself, and post‐visit responsibilities. Practical advice is given for conducting each of these stages.
Pale grain eumycetomas in Madras
Authors: Venugopal Pankajalakshmi V , Venugopal Taralakshmi V
Published: June 2007

Biopsy specimens from 211 cases of mycetoma were examined histologically. Pale grain eumycetoma was found in seven cases. Four of these were studied mycologically, Acremonium kiliense was isolated from two and Acremonium falciforme and Pseudallescheria boydii from one case each. The geographic distribution of these organisms, and their incidence and prevalence are discussed.
Polydactylous Bowen's disease of the nail bed
Authors: Goodman Greg , Mason Graham , O'Brien Timothy
Published: June 2007

A case is presented with tender swelling and nail bed hyperplasia in 2 fingers. Histopathology revealed Bowen's disease in both fingers and after amputation, invasive squamous cell carcinoma in one finger.
The recovery suture
Authors: Leslie David
Published: June 2007

Continuous running sutures have several advantages in wound closure but can be difficult to remove. A loop tied around an exposed section of the running suture or an adjacent interrupted suture allows visualization and ease of removal.
p53 in cutaneous melanoma: Immunoreactivity and correlation with prognosis
Authors: Lee C Soon , Pirdas Anne , Lee Michael WK
Published: June 2007

p53 protein immunoreactivity was investigated in cutaneous Spitz naevi (n= 7), superficial spreading (n= 21) and nodular (n= 6) melanomas using the monoclonal antibody DO‐7. Nuclear immunostaining for p53 protein was observed in 41% of all the melanomas but not in any of the Spitz naevi studied. This difference in p53 immunoreactivity appeared statistically significant (P= 0.0001; χ2 test). There were also differences in p53 immunoreactivity between superficial spreading and nodular melanomas (P= 0.001, χ2 test), where up to 38% of superficial spreading melanomas and 50% of nodular melanomas had demonstrated p53 nuclear immunostaining. An apparently significant correlation was observed between melanomas with poor prognostic histological indices and p53 immunoreactivity (P= 0.0016; χ2 test). In conclusion, increased p53 protein immunoreactivity is found in melanomas and is associated with poorer prognosis. The differences in p53 immunohistological expression between cutaneous melanomas and Spitz naevi suggest that alterations of the protein may be important in the pathogenesis of the tumour.
Scytalidium dimidiatum in Australia
Authors: Little Margery G , Hammond Margaret Leigh
Published: June 2007

Six patients with Scytalidium dimidiatum (Hendersonula toruloidea) infections of their skin and nails are presented. Two of these patients originated in tropical areas where the fungus is endemic and four were Australian born. Three of the Australian‐born patients had no history of travel to areas where the fungus is endemic. It appears that S. dimidiatum is present in Australia.
Benzyl alcohol allergy
Authors: Li Michael , Gow Elizabeth
Published: June 2007

A 63 year old woman presented with a 3 year history of vulval lichen sclerosus et alrophicus and vulval dermatitis resistant to multiple topical therapies. She was patch test positive to 5% benzyl alcohol which is a widely used preservative in topical creams and a component in balsam of Peru.
Primary school children's perceptions of the effects of sun on skin
Authors: Rademaker Marius , Wyllie Kim , Collins Margaret , Wetton Noreen
Published: June 2007

To assess whether young children understand the dangers and results of sun exposure, a novel Draw and Write technique was used to survey a group of 5‐8 year old primary school children. One hundred and ninety‐four children were invited to draw and write comments to six scenarios involving sun exposure. Of the children surveyed, 84% gave a negative sentiment to sunburn, with only 6% displaying positive sentiments towards sunbathing. Sixty‐five per cent of children suggested the use of sun blocks, 69% the use of protective clothing, 45% the wearing of hats and 43% the use of shade as a mechanism for protecting the skin from sun damage. Only 2% of children made any reference to skin cancer. The primary school children surveyed had a good level of awareness of the dangers of sunburn and the need to take appropriate actions to avoid sun damage.
Flesh‐coloured micropapules on the face and upper trunk
Authors: Kossard Steven , Zagarella Sam
Published: June 2007

The following case report is of a 49 year old man who presented with a 20 year history of small asymptomatic flesh coloured firm papules which were concentrated on his face, neck and upper trunk. The diagnosis of multiple fibrofolliculomas of the familial type was reached.
Sweet's syndrome associated with Behçet's disease
Authors: Lee May‐Sen , Barnetson Ross St C
Published: June 2007

A case of acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis (Sweet's syndrome) associated with Behçet's disease occurring in a 48 year old woman is reported. She fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for both Sweet's syndrome and Behçet's disease. There have been several reports of this association. Herpes simplex virus was isolated from a genital ulcer in our patient. The possible role of herpes simplex virus in this interesting association of Behçet's disease and Sweet's syndrome is discussed and a review of the literature is made.
Scalp dermatitis, ectodermal dysplasia and cleft lip and palate: Rapp–Hodgkin or AEC syndrome
Authors: Rowan Darion M
Published: June 2007

A female infant with ectodermal dysplasia, bilateral cleft lip and palate and a recalcitrant scalp dermatitis is presented. She had features of both Rapp–Hodgkin syndrome and AEC syndrome. It has recently been suggested in the literature that these two syndromes are the same condition and this case report supports this viewpoint.
Garlic dermatitis
Authors: Delaney Thomas A , Donnelly Alan M
Published: June 2007

Allergic contact dermatitis to garlic usually has a typical clinical presentation but this is often masked if it presents concurrently with another form of hand dermatitis. Patch testing with 1% diallyl disulfide in petrolatum is recommended when garlic allergy is suspected.
Combination carbon dioxide laser vermilionectomy and wedge excision of the lip
Authors: Vinciullo Carl
Published: June 2007

Dermatologic surgeons are very familiar with the use of the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser for treating actinic cheilitis. When squamous cell carcinoma is proven or suspected in the affected lip, then combined CO2 laser vermilionectomy and wedge excision as a one stage procedure has significant advantages for the patient.
β‐1, 3‐D‐glucan gel in the treatment of solar keratoses
Authors: Tong David W , Barnetson Ross StC
Published: June 2007

β‐1, 3‐D‐glucans are yeast‐derived carbohydrate polymers which have been shown to be potent immunoresponse modulators which promote the regression of certain tumours. To date there is no published data concerning the efficacy of topical β‐1, 3‐D‐glucan in the treatment of solar keratoses. This randomized double‐blind prospective pilot study of 20 patients was performed to investigate the efficacy and skin tolerance of β‐1, 3‐D‐glucan gel versus placebo in the treatment of solar keratoses. The results of this study showed no significant benefit in using β‐1, 3‐D‐glucan gel over placebo in reducing counts of solar keratoses. No adverse effects were reported by any patient at any stage of the trial.
Acquired C1‐esterase inhibitor deficiency: Three case reports and commentary on the syndrome
Authors: Lipscombe TK , Orton DI , Bird AG , Wilkinson JD
Published: June 2007

Acquired C1‐esterase inhibitor deficiency is a rare syndrome which usually presents with episodes of angioedema. Most patients have an underlying lymphoproliferative disorder. It is important to gastroenterologists, haematologists, immunologists and dermatologists, as these are the more likely specialties to which the patient will present. Recognition of the syndrome is important not only for diagnostic purposes but for investigating and treating any associated underlying lymphoproliferative disorders. In some instances the angioedema may precede the lymphoma by many years. Optimal patient management requires that both angioedema and the underlying lymphoma be recognized and treated.
Dressed to heal: New options for graft site dressing
Authors: Wilson Perry R
Published: June 2007

To ensure the close apposition and immobilization required for survival of full thickness skin grafts, the traditional method is to use pexing sutures or tie‐over pressure dressings.

In certain areas, such as around the eye, other methods are required because either a concave or convex surface prevents adequate pressure, or the use of sutures as ties produces distortion of anatomical free margins.

Alternative dressing methods include: telfa chips kept in place by a pressure pad; calcium alginate (which has the advantages of assisting haemostasis and absorbing serous discharge) under a pressure pad; and extra thin hydrocolloid dressings which decrease slough and are less conspicuous than other dressings.
Toxic epidermal necrolysis
Authors: Weightman Warren
Published: June 2007

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a rare, drug‐induced, life‐threatening syndrome with widespread epidermal loss and mucosal erosions. The classification, pathophysiology, clinical features and treatment are discussed in this review. Prognosis has improved as admission to a burns unit and early treatment of infection has become standard management. The role of corticosteroids in treatment is still controversial.
A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens
Authors: Tan Mei‐Heng , Commens Chris A , Burnett Leslie , Snitch Peter J
Published: June 2007

Many Australians are being advised to apply microfine titanium dioxide sunscreen daily from the cradle to the grave. However, there is a surprising lack of data on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide. A prospective pilot study was conducted to analyse the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens. Selected patients scheduled to have skin surgery, applied titanium dioxide sunscreen to the skin daily for 2–6 weeks prior to their operation. After excision, the stratum corneum of the sample was stripped and the titanium concentration of the remaining epidermis and dermis was measured by inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry. The results from this pilot study showed that levels of titanium in the epidermis and dermis of subjects who applied microfine titanium dioxide to their skin were higher than the levels of titanium found in controls. Studies with larger cohorts are necessary to establish if this absorption is statistically significant.
A comparative immunohistochemical study of lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus
Authors: Lee May‐Sen , Wilkinson Barbara , Doyle John A , Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

A comparative immunohistochemical study was performed on skin biopsies from 10 patients with lichen planus and 10 patients with discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE). A panel of antibodies against T lymphocytes (UCHL‐1, OPD‐4, CD8, CD45), B lymphocytes (L‐26), granulocytes (Leu‐M1), activation markers (Ki‐1, LN‐3), macrophages, fibroblasts and dendritic cells (FXIIIa, S‐100, Mac‐387, K.P‐1, vimentin), endothelial cells (CD34), and epithelial cells (epithelial membrane antigen) was employed using a peroxidase‐anti‐peroxidase technique. The recently released CD8 antiserum required microwave antigen retrieval of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue to label lymphocytes. The results showed many similarities in the lymphocyte subsets and macrophages between lichen planus and discoid lupus erythematosus. The most important differences between the two conditions were statistically significant increases in the number of S‐100+ cells in the epidermis and dermis, FXIIIa+ cells in the dermis and CD34+ vessels within the inflammatory infiltrate in lichen planus.
Subcutaneous granuloma annulare in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes mellitus
Authors: Tam Mei Mui , Meehan Cornelius J
Published: June 2007

A case is reported of multiple subcutaneous nodules over the forehead and scalp of a 67‐year‐old male with moderately severe seropositive rheumatoid arthritis and corticosteroid‐induced diabetes mellitus. The histology was initially reported as consistent with a rheumatoid nodule, but on review, was regarded as typical of subcutaneous granuloma annulare (SCGA). The nodules resolved spontaneously within 4 months, which is also in keeping with SCGA. A brief review of the relevant literature is presented.
A blue‐black macule of recent onset (tumoral melanosis)
Authors: Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

The author reports a 75‐year‐old man who developed a blue‐black macule, which on biopsy showed sheets of deeply pigmented melanophages. This represents an example of tumoral melanosis that may be the result of complete regression of a melanoma.
Two simple treatments for lower lip mucocoeles
Authors: Gill D
Published: June 2007

Mucocoeles commonly affect the lower lip of the elderly. These can be treated successfully and simply with repeated freeze‐thaw cryotherapy cycles, or by punch biopsy which gives histology.
Human T lymphotropic virus‐1 infection
Authors: Kanzaki Tamotsu , Setoyama Mitsuru , Katahira Yoshihiko
Published: June 2007

Human T lymphotropic virus‐1 (HTLV‐1) is a retrovirus which infects T lymphocytes (CD4+) to cause adult T cell leukaemia/lymphoma (ATL), tropical spastic paraparesis and several other HTLV‐1 associated disorders. ATL has been reported worldwide but areas of high incidence include Japan (particularly the south‐west), Central and South America, northern Iran, West and Central Africa and Melanesia. In the general Japanese population, HTLV‐1 carriage is 0.1% but this can be as high as 30% in endemic areas. Six per 10000 carriers are estimated to progress to ATL each year. The three major routes of infection are mother to baby through breastfeeding, sexual intercourse and blood transfusion. There is a lengthy latency period of up to 40 years before the development of ATL. Up to 50% of ATL patients present with a cutaneous eruption. Diagnosis is established by the detection in lymphocytes of monoclonal integration of HTLV‐1 proviral DNA. Even with aggressive treatment, ATL patients generally have a poor prognosis.
A quiet revolution: A surgical approach to skin cancers of the forehead
Authors: Hill Dudley
Published: June 2007

Dermatologists are performing increasing numbers of procedures for skin cancers with specialized training in a number of treatment modalities. As an example, repairs of surgical defects of the forehead are presented including rotation flaps, O to T closures and Burow's triangle flap.
Treatment of B cell lymphoma of the skin
Authors: Kikuchi Arata
Published: June 2007

Ten patients with B cell lymphoma of the skin have been treated in a 5 year period at the Keio University Hospital, Tokyo. Most present with an asymptomatic solitary nodule or multiple tumours of the skin but limitation to the skin is rare. Histopathology showed medium to large lymphoid cells in the dermis and subcutis. Radiotherapy was given for cutaneous lesions in conjunction with chemotherapy if there were metastases.
The frequency and nature of skin conditions seen in a private dermatology practice in Central Victoria, 1991–95
Authors: Kilkenny Monique F , Marks Robin
Published: June 2007

A dermatology diagnostic database was established in order to determine the frequency and nature of skin conditions in a private dermatological practice in Central Victoria, Australia. Between August 1991 and June 1995, a total of 3346 dermatological diagnoses were recorded for 3000 new patient presentations.

More women (58.9%) were seen than men (41.1%). Dermatitis and tumours of the skin accounted for 50% of new consultation(s), the highest attendance being for solar keratoses (11.9%). The frequency of patients seen was comparable to the previous 1970s survey of private dermatological practice in Australia, with the exception of melanocytic naevi, which was seen with twice the frequency compared to previously.

The proportion of patients presenting with dermatitis was higher in the colder seasons of the year (winter and spring compared with summer and autumn). The proportion of people seen with melanocytic naevi was higher in summer and autumn compared with winter and spring.

These results illustrate the usefulness of recording clinical patient data in practice as a way of recording patterns of referral as well as having a role in determining causation of disease.
Pulsed dye laser treatment of spider telangiectasia
Authors: Tan Ernest , Vinciullo Carl
Published: June 2007

Spider telangiectasia is a common benign vascular malformation which can be a source of cosmetic concern for the patient A retrospective review of 30 adults and children with spider telangiectasia treated by the flashlamp‐pumped pulsed dye laser was undertaken. There was complete clearance of treated spider telangiectasia in 93% of patients after a single treatment There were no reported permanent adverse effects with purpura being the only transient problem. Most patients were satisfied with the eventual results of treatment and would recommend treatment to other people with a similar problem. This laser should be considered as the treatment of choice for spider telangiectasia.
Hypomelanosis of Ito: A syndrome requiring a multisystem approach
Authors: Failla Pinella , Romano Corrado , Schepis Carmelo
Published: June 2007

Hypomelanosis of Ito can be defined as a syndrome providing a cutaneous epiphenomenon with a peculiar pattern of distribution, usually associated with disorders of the nervous system, skeleton and eyes. Four further patients are reported and the literature reviewed. The diagnostic criteria and the differences with other pigmentary diseases distributed along Blaschko's lines are highlighted. The main histopathological features are reported and the high frequency of the associated abnormalities are emphasized. The chromosomal findings and main genetic hypotheses are discussed. The suggested follow‐up aims not only at the knowledge of the natural history of this condition, but also at its better delineation.
An organic refrigerant for cryosurgery: Fact or fiction?
Authors: Gaspar Zoran S , Dawber Rodney PR
Published: June 2007

Dimethylether/propane is an organic substance used as a refrigerant in a new cryodelivery system marketed for the treatment of warts. The objective was first to determine the temperatures achieved by mis delivery system, both at the end of the applicator and in the tissues and, second, to compare with liquid nitrogen delivered via standard cryospray equipment (CryAC). Temperature probes were used to measure temperatures 1 mm below the epidermis of pig trotters after freezing with the two delivery systems for 20 and 40 s. After freezing with dimethylether/propane, results showed tissue temperatures were 3°C at 20 s and 0°C at 40 s. Freezing with liquid nitrogen achieved −20°C at 20 s and −57°C at 40 s. It was concluded that dimethylether/ propane does not achieve tissue temperatures below 0°C and is not recommended in the use of malignant or premalignant lesions.
Cutaneous vascular response to calcitonin gene‐related peptide in psoriasis and normal subjects
Authors: Artemi Phillip , Seale Paul , Satchell Paul , Ware Sandra
Published: June 2007

To determine whether cutaneous blood vessels in subjects with psoriasis possess a generalized inherently abnormal response to neuropeptides, the effect of three doses of intradermally injected calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP) on skin blood flow in normal subjects (n= 10), and on clinically normal skin (greater than 5 cm from psoriatic lesions) in subjects with psoriasis (n= 9) was measured using a laser Doppler technique. Calcitonin gene‐related peptide caused a dose‐dependent increase in local blood flow in both psoriatic and normal subjects, which was not statistically different between the two groups. This study has shown that the cutaneous vasculature at sites distant from lesions of psoriasis (> 5 cm) is not inherently different from normal skin in its response to CGRP.
Allergic contact dermatitis to multiple sawdust allergens
Authors: Cook David K , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

A 73‐year‐old man presented with an 8‐year history of a dermatitis affecting his face, dorsum of hands, and forearms. He was a retired cabinet maker but still carried out some timber work at home. He was patch tested and found to be positive to colophony and sawdust samples from four different timbers: Silky Oak, Queensland Hoop Pine, Radiata Pine and Australian red cedar.
Necrotizing cutaneous infection caused by Curvularia brachyspora in an immunocompetent host
Authors: Torda Adrienne J , Jones Philip D
Published: June 2007

A case of necrotizing cutaneous infection in an immunocompetent host caused by the dematiaceous fungus, Curvularia brachyspora is presented. A 58‐year‐old man was transferred to the Prince Henry Hospital for treatment of necrotizing cellulitis involving both thighs that developed following cryotherapy. The patient did not respond to antibacterial therapy and hyperbaric oxygen. He was empirically commenced on intravenous amphotericin B and began to respond even before the pathogen C. brachyspora was identified.
Tinea due to Trichophyton violaceum in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Maslen Mary M , Andrew Peter J
Published: June 2007

From 1963 to 1995, twenty isolates of Trichophyton violaceum from cases of tinea capitis and tinea corporis were referred to the Mycology Reference Laboratory of the Microbiological Diagnostic Unit at The University of Melbourne (Parkville, Victoria, Australia). The patients had presented at clinics in metropolitan Melbourne and country towns in the state of Victoria, Australia. Most patients were immigrants from the Mediterranean region or were Australian Aborigines. The most recent isolates of T. violaceum came from Ethiopian immigrants. Details of these twenty case histories are presented. The changing global distribution of infections due to T. violaceum is noted. The literature recording infections due to T. violaceum in Australia is reviewed.
Allergic contact dermatitis to plants: An analysis of 68 patients tested at the Skin and Cancer Foundation
Authors: Cook David K , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

Allergic contact dermatitis to plant allergens is a common problem in Australia. We present the cumulative experience of the Contact Dermatitis Clinic of the Skin and Cancer Foundation (Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia) a tertiary referral clinic. Results from a series of 68 patients with positive patch tests to 88 plant allergens are reported. We found that Grevillea species, Compositae, Rhus, Alstroemeria and various timber sawdusts were the most common plant allergens.
Successful use of ivermectin in the treatment of endemic scabies in a nursing home
Authors: Sullivan John R , Watt Geoffrey , Barker Brent
Published: June 2007

Ivermectin, an antiparasitic agent, was successfully used as a sole agent to combat endemic scabies in a closed 33‐bed ward of a rural nursing home. Previous topical therapies, including multiple applications of permethrin, ‐γ‐benzene hexachloride, benzyl benzoate and precipitated sulfur in white soft paraffin, had failed. Several patients exhibited hyperkeratotic crusted scabies with head and neck involvement and all residents except one recently arrived resident had evidence of active infestation. All residents were treated with 200 μg/kg of ivermectin and this dose was repeated 2 weeks later in all subjects. Four weeks after the first dose of ivermectin there was no evidence of active scabies and all rashes were totally resolved by 6 weeks. The action of ivermectin, its safety and its indications are discussed.
Allergic contact dermatitis to adhesive tape and contrived disease
Authors: Dwyer Phillip , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

A case of allergic contact dermatitis, caused by colophony in an orthopaedic tape, is presented. This failed to heal, despite removal of the allergen. Only after a period of observation in hospital and, finally, gentle confrontation with the patient, did it become clear that the perpetuation of the dermatitis was an example of contrived disease.
Lichenoid reaction to hepatitis B vaccination
Authors: Saywell Christina A , Wittal Richard A , Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

Liver disease is now a well recognized association with lichen planus. Recent reports suggest that the hepatitis viruses may play a central role in this association. The present report describes a case of a lichenoid reaction to hepatitis B vaccination, which has only been rarely documented previously. A 16‐year‐old male developed a widespread pruritic erythematous eruption 5 weeks after receiving his second dose of hepatitis B vaccine. The eruption evolved to produce strikingly blue macules before spontaneously disappearing. A skin biopsy showed an intense lichenoid reaction. The hepatitis B surface antigen component of the vaccine is probably responsible for this reaction as well as for other rare immunologically mediated reactions to hepatitis B vaccination. These reactions may provide insight into the pathogenesis of the cutaneous features of natural hepatitis B infection.
Extensive vesiculobullous eruption following limited ruby laser treatment for incontinentia pigmenti: A case report
Authors: Nagase Takashi , Takanashi Masanori , Takada Hiroko , Ohmori Kitaro
Published: June 2007

A 3‐year‐old girl with incontinentia pigmenti was referred for treatment of pigmented whorled macules on the trunk and limbs. Initially ruby laser therapy was only given to the legs. Wound healing was delayed. Two months later the patient developed extensive vesicles and erosions restricted to pigmented macules in both treated and untreated areas. Conservative treatment, including 2 weeks hospitalization, improved acute inflammation, but the remaining pigmentation was darker than originally seen. The apparent reappearance of an early cutaneous manifestation of this syndrome, seemingly triggered by laser therapy, would suggest such treatment is contraindicated.
Pruritic follicular facial rash: Eosinophilic folliculitis
Authors: Kossard Steven , Saywell Laura
Published: June 2007

The authors describe a 30‐year‐old woman who over 2 years had a persistent papulopustular follicular eruption on the face. Skin biopsy showed eosinophilic folliculitis and there was a rapid response to indomethacin.
Serum and blister fluid cytokines and complement proteins in a patient with Henoch Schönlein purpura associated with a bullous skin rash
Authors: Bansal Amolak S , Dwivedi Naveen , Adsett Michael
Published: June 2007

A case is presented of an adult with Henoch Schönlein purpura (HSP) with widespread bullous skin lesions in whom serum and bullous fluid (BF) cytokines and complement proteins were analysed. In both serum and BF the total haemolytic complement was subnormal. Soluble CD23 (sCD23), which is important in B cell activation and proliferation, was over 13 times higher in the BF compared with serum. The serum and BF levels of interleukin (IL) 1, IL6, IL10, tumour necrosis factor α and interferon γ were within the normal serum range of 30 healthy control subjects simultaneously analysed. The raised levels of sCD23 in BF suggest dysregulated humoral immunity in the cutaneous lesions of HSP.
Caterpillar dermatitis
Authors: Dunlop Katharine , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

A 3‐year‐old girl presented with recurrent urticarial eruptions presumed due to infestation of her garden with Euproctis edwardsi. Euproctis edwardsi, the mistletoe browntail moth, is a variety of hairy caterpillar widely distributed in south‐eastern Australia. They are often called‘woolly bears’by children. These caterpillars possess barbed hairs that fragment readily and are difficult to extract from the skin in one piece. Itching, urticarial wheals and papular eruptions can follow contact with the caterpillars or their detached hairs. The hairlets may be identified by microscopy from skin scrapings and can be removed by tape stripping or with the aid of fine forceps. The skin lesions are treated symptomatically with calamine lotion, sodium bicarbonate solution and antihistamines. Infestation with Euproctis edwardsi can be minimized by removal of mistletoe from eucalyptus trees and by spraying affected areas with white oil or carbaryl 0.1%.
Generalized pustular psoriasis responsive to PUVA and oral cyclosporin therapy
Authors: Hunt Michelle J , Lee Simon H , Salisbury Elizabeth LC , Wills Edward J , Armati Richard
Published: June 2007

A patient with acute generalized pustular psoriasis was successfully treated with a combination of oral cyclosporin (6 mg/kg per day) and photochemotherapy (PUVA). Although early inpatient treatment with weak topical steroids and PUVA produced initial improvement, the patient's clinical condition fluctuated, with the subsequent development of erythroderma. The addition of oral cyclosporin produced dramatic improvement within 1 week of its commencement. The patient remained in remission 12 months following cessation of therapy.
Calcinosis cutis presenting years before other clinical manifestations of juvenile dermatomyositis: Report of two cases
Authors: Wananukul Siriwan , Pongprasit Prapai , Wattanakrai Penpun
Published: June 2007

Calcinosis cutis in dermatomyositis is dystrophic calcification appearing late in the course of the disease. Two cases are reported here of calcinosis cutis that presented years before other clinical manifestations of juvenile dermatomyositis. The first case was a 14‐year‐old Thai girl who had asymptomatic subcutaneous nodules that spontaneously ruptured, exuding a chalky discharge and healing with an atrophic scar 8 years before the onset of other clinical manifestations of juvenile dermatomyositis; that is, Gottron's papules, proximal muscle weakness grade IV/V with atrophy, slightly elevated serum creatinine phosphokinase level and an abnormal electromyogram compatible with myopathy. The second case was a 15‐year‐old Thai boy who had calcinosis cutis 3 years before the onset of other clinical manifestations of juvenile dermatomyositis, and the calcinosis cutis was so severe that it interfered with the movement of his extremities. Both cases responded well to aluminium hydroxide therapy.
Fixed drug eruption to tartrazine
Authors: Orchard David C , Varigos George A
Published: June 2007

An 11‐year‐old girl with a recurrent fixed drug eruption to tartrazine on the dorsum of the left hand is presented. Oral provocation tests to both the suspected food, an artificially coloured cheese crisp, and to tartrazine were positive. This case highlights the need to consider artificial flavours, colours and preservatives as potential culprits in classic‘drug eruptions’.
Rapidly growing cutaneous tumour of the right temple: Orf
Authors: Mayet Anton , Sommer Boris , Heenan Peter
Published: June 2007

A typical lesion of orf developed on the temple of a 61‐year‐old man who apparently contracted the infection indirectly. In addition to the classical histological features of epidermal hyperplasia, necrosis, ballooning and vesical formation, the lesion also showed florid pseudoneoplastic vascular proliferation and a prominent component of eosinophils in the dermal inflammation.
Contact dermatitis from cetostearyl alcohol
Authors: Rademaker M , Wood B , Greig D
Published: June 2007

Emulsifiers are an uncommon cause of allergic contact dermatitis. Five cases of allergic contact dermatitis to cetostearyl alcohol are presented. In all five cases, multiple positive reactions to other allergens were present, usually topical corticosteroid creams.
Bindii dermatitis
Authors: Hogan Peter A
Published: June 2007

Bindii dermatitis is a distinctive eruption involving the palms, soles, elbows and knees. Most patients are young boys engaged in vigorous outdoor activities. The eruption represents a reaction to traumatic impregnation of the skin with the spine of the bindii seed. It can easily be misdiagnosed by dermatologists unfamiliar with the condition.
Hirsutes I: Diagnosis
Authors: Young Richard , Sinclair Rod
Published: June 2007

Hirsutes, the coarse, androgen‐dependent growth of hair in women, is a common problem faced by doctors. Whether a woman presents to a clinician or not depends on cultural and racial factors. The clinician must differentiate normal biological variation from cases of hirsutes. In the vast majority of cases, androgen excess is only found locally at the level of the hair follicle; that is, the hirsutism is idiopathic. Important causes of androgen excess, such as an ovarian tumour, need to be excluded. Part one describes the causes of hirsutism and how to differentiate them using history, examination and investigation.
Epidemic cutaneous sporotrichosis: Report of 16 cases in Queensland due to mouldy hay
Authors: Conias Samantha , Wilson Perry
Published: June 2007

We report an epidemic of sporotrichosis in a south‐east Queensland rural community. Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection due to the organism Sporothrix schenckii, typically presenting with cutaneous lesions. Sixteen cases of cutaneous sporotrichosis were seen over a 9 month period in the Darling Downs region of Queensland. All patients had had contact with a batch of mouldy hay presumed to be contaminated by Sporothrix schenckii. Nine of 16 patients were male; the youngest patient was aged 11 and the oldest was 67 years of age. Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis was seen in 50% of patients; the rest demonstrated the fixed cutaneous form. No cases of disseminated cutaneous or systemic sporotrichosis were seen. One case demonstrated lymphangitis related to sporotrichosis. No apparent difference in the duration to diagnosis was demonstrated to exist between lymphocutaneous or fixed cutaneous types.
Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in childhood
Authors: Su John C , Varigos George A , Dowling John
Published: June 2007

This case report of an 11‐year‐old girl describes a juvenile form of epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, an autoimmune disease of IgG antibodies to basement membrane type 7 collagen. Our case illustrates an unusually severe, acute inflammatory presentation of this condition with prominent mucosal and constitutional features requiring admission to a paediatric burns unit. The treatment consisted of supportive topical and systemic agents, prednisolone and dapsone. She responded to dapsone alone and the course of the illness was uneventful.
Pellagra in a woman using alternative remedies
Authors: Wood Blair , Rademaker Marius , Oakley Amanda , Wallace Janelle
Published: June 2007

A young woman presented with pellagra. Dietary intake of niacin was in excess of recommended guidelines. She had a low body mass index and was taking a number of alternative remedies. Resolution was rapid with oral nicotinic acid and discontinuation of the remedies.
Treatment of cutaneous Bowen's disease with particular emphasis on the problem of lower leg lesions
Authors: Ball Sally B , Dawber Rodney PR
Published: June 2007

Bowen's disease has a particular predilection for the lower leg, especially in women. A review of the literature for treating Bowen's disease is presented and the problems associated with treating the lower leg emphasized. Evidence for the various treatment modalities used to treat Bowen's disease largely comes from studies that lack good methodology in terms of standardized techniques, patient controls and adequate follow‐up. In particular the widely accepted recommendation for excision is not supported by evidence that this treatment is superior to other modalities. The choice of treatment for Bowen's disease should take into account the patient's general condition, the site and size of the lesion.
Allergic contact dermatitis to ethoxyquin in a farmer handling chicken feeds
Authors: Rubel Diana M , Freeman Susanne
Published: June 2007

Farm workers handling animal feeds are exposed to a variety of chemicals, some of which may cause allergic contact dermatitis. A case of allergy to ethoxyquin (a preservative added to chicken feed to inhibit vitamin degradation) in a chicken farmer is presented. Although the offending allergen was identified in this patient, it proved difficult to find ethoxyquin free chicken feed products and the patient's dermatitis persisted. When facing the clinical problem of dermatitis in animal workers, the possibility of allergic contract dermatitis to components in animal feeds must be considered.
Concurrent infection due to Shewanella putrefaciens and Mycobacterium marinum acquired at the beach
Authors: Papanaoum Kelly , Marshmann Gillian , Gordon Lynette A , Lumb Richard , Gordon David L
Published: June 2007

Infection with marine bacteria is uncommon. A patient with systemic lupus erthematosus who developed concurrent infection with shewanella putrefaciens and Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is described. After bathing leg ulcers in sea water, severe cellulites of the left leg with necrotic areas and extensive bullae developed. Infection due to S. putrefaciens was confirmed and a long course of hospitalization, oral ciprofloxacin and skin grafting was required. During hospitalization, oral ciprofloxacin and skin grafting was required. During hospitalization subcutaneous nodules developed on the other leg. Biopsy revealed acid‐fast bacilli and culture grew M. marinum. These lesions responded to rifampicin and cotrimoxazole. Patients with leg ulcers, peripheral vascular disease, diabetes, or receiving immunosuppressive drugs may acquire unusual infections after salt water exposure.
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)‐positive cutaneous leucocytoclastic vasculitis associated with antithyroid therapy in Graves' disease
Authors: Miller Robert M , Savige Judy , Nassis Labrini , Cominos Belle I
Published: June 2007

Presented is a case of a 27‐year‐old male with Graves' disease on long‐term proepylthiouracil treatment who, when changed to carbimazole, rapidly developed a petechial and purpuric eruption on the legs, which subsequently flared on treatment with radioiodine. The clinical diagnosis of leucocytoclastic vasculitis was confirmed on skin biopsy. High‐titre antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in a perinuclear pattern (P‐ANCA) were identified. No anti‐myeloperoxidase activity was noted; therefore, the P‐ANGA were classified in the atypical group. The target antigens, as determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, were lysozyme, lactoferrin and bactericidal/permeability increasing protein. Propylthiouracil and carbimazole are chemically related antithyroid drugs. There are reports of typical and atypical P‐ANCA ‐positive cutaneous vasculitis due to propylthiouracil. Cutaneous vasculitis associated with atypical P‐ANCA has not been noted previously to be temporally related to carbimazole use. The consideration of thionamides as possible aetiological agents in cases of P‐ANCA‐positive druginduced vasuculitis is suggested.
Partial face‐sparing lipodystrophy (Köbberling‐Dunnigan syndrome): Report of a sporadic case
Authors: Tain Mei Mui , Berger Peter
Published: June 2007

A sporadic case is presented of a 20‐year‐old female with partial face‐sparing lipodystrophy, also know as the köbberling‐Dunuigan syndrome with the Type 1 clinical plienotype. This disorder affects the limbs and spares the face. The trunk is spared in the Type 1 phenotype hut is affected in the Type 2 phenotype. The patient had the associated features of this syndrome including hyperinsulinaemia. acanthosis nigricans and mildly raised triglycerides, but not diabetes mellitus.
Adult cutaneous Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Conias Samantha , Strutton Geoffrey , Stephenson Graham
Published: June 2007

A 24‐year‐old male presented with a 4 year history of a crusted erythematous popular eruption of the scalp and external auditory meati and a 12 month history of painful perianal ulceration. A diagnosis of Langherhans cell histiocytosis was made and confirmed by skin histology. Extensive investigation revealed no systematic involvement. Rapid improvement occurred after intravenous 2‐chlorodeoxyadenosine but relapse of perianal lesions occurred within 3 months. Local radiotherapy to the perianal region resulted in a complete remission sustained over 12 months.
Idiopathic multiple miliary osteomas of the face
Authors: Novak Csilla , Siller Greg , Wood Dominic
Published: June 2007

A case of multiple military osteomas of the face arising In a 43‐year‐old Caucasian female with no history of Skin disease is reported Spontaneous development of Numerous asymptomatic, skin‐ coloured facial papules Had occurred over a 3 year period. Originally described In association with long standing acne vulgaris, Multiple military osteomas of the face has recently been Reported in patients without prior skin disease. The Pathogenesis, classification and treatment of this rare Condition are discussed.
Variable presentation of parvovirus B19 in a family
Authors: Leahy Sean T , Marshman Gillian
Published: June 2007

This case report of the sequential presentation of parvovirus B19 in a family deseribes a 38‐year‐oid woman initially presenting with gloves and socks' syndrome; along with her husband and five children who also were affected. A high clinical attack fate with. prolonged illness and/unable clinical presentations was demonstrated, including polyarthritis, erythema infectiosum and symptoms of a respiratory tract infection. In addition, the range of syndromes and clinical features of parvovirus B19 are presented.
A continuum of neutrophilic disease occurring in a patient with ulcerative colitis
Authors: Salmon P , Rademaker M , Edwards L
Published: June 2007

A case of Sweet's syndrome (acute febrile neutrophilic dermatosis) occurring concurrently with bullous pyoderma gangrenosum is reported to emphasize the close relationship between these two disorders, Aiypical pyoderma gangrenosum and Sweet's syndrome have been described as occurring simultaneously in haematological) dyscrasias but not. to our knowledge, in ulcerative colitis. It has been proposed that pyoderma gangrenosum,; Sweet's syndrome, erythema elevatum diutinum and. subcorneal pustular dermatosis may represent manifestations along a continuum of neutrophilic dermatoses.
Understanding vulvodynia
Authors: Byth Jenny L
Published: June 2007

Vulvodynia is a difficult management problem. In this review article, the clinical subsets of vulvodynia including recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis, vulvar vestibulitis syndrome and dysaesthetic vulvodynia are described. Their aetiology is discussed and available therapies arc presented.
Hirsutes II: Treatment
Authors: Young Richard , Sinclair Rod
Published: June 2007

The treatment of hirsutes includes cosmetic measures, such as bleaching, plucking, electrical epilation and, more recently, laser epilation. Pharmacological therapy consists of anti‐androgens and includes the androgen receptor blockers spironolactone and eyproterone acetate. Other drugs reducing androgen expression include oral contraceptives and corticosteroids. A new follicular 5α reductase inhibitor, finasteride, is currently under evaluation, as is the anti‐androgen flutamide. Gonadotroph in ‐releasing hormone agonists reduce androgen expression and show early promise in the treatment of hirsutes.
Inoculation cutaneous tuberculosis
Authors: Jain Sanjiv , Sehgal Virendra N
Published: June 2007

Two cases of inoculation cutaneous tuberculosis are presented. As commonly occurs, the diagnosis could not be confirmed bacteriologically due in the small numbers of organisms present However, both patients responded to antituberculosis chemotherapy.
Axillary granular parakeratosis
Authors: Kossard Steven , White Anthony
Published: June 2007

A 54‐year‐old woman had a 3year history of a recurrent bilateral axillary rash during the summer months. Both axillae showed hyperkeratolic, fissured and cobblestone plaques. Skin biopsy showed the histology previously defined as axillary granular parakeratosis. This finding may indeed represent an unusual contact reaction In anti‐perspirants interfering with epidermal keratinization.
Acquired scalp alopecia. Part I: A review
Authors: Sullivan John R , Kossard Steven
Published: June 2007

In this two‐part series we review the acquired scalp alopecias. A broad spectrum of diseases result in alopecia. In this first part we provide a framework for the assessment and diagnosis of scalp hair loss, and begin covering the individual conditions. The non‐scarring alopecias covered include effluvium, andro‐genetic alopecia, alopecia areata, trichotillomania, and loose anagen syndrome. The scarring alopecias cause permanent pilosebaceous follicle loss; the lymphocyte‐associated scarring alopecia described encompasses lichen planopilaris, discoid lupus erythematosus, pseudopelade, and follicular mucinosis. Part II will cover the neutrophil‐associaled and infiltrative processes causing scarring alopecia followed by the medical management of alopecia. There is particular reference to newly described conditions and progress in the understanding of older conditions. More recently characterized conditions include the loose anagen syndrome, chronic telogen effluvium, and the frontal fibrosing variant of lichen planopilaris.