bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intra-Specific Variability in Whorl Growth-Rate among Land Gastropods with Conispirally-Coiled Shells
Authors: Béguinot Jean
Published: December 2021

For most conispirally-coiled Gastropods with determinate growth, the geometry of spirally-winding whorls is usually constrained by a strong negative correlation between whorl growth rate and the number of whorls reached at adulthood, as originally reported by the late S.J. Gould. Yet, beyond the tight control of shell-shape at the species level – resulting from this constraint – what about the amplitude of the intra-specific variability of whorl growth-rate, partly contributing to the variability of the overall shell-size at the species level? I address the issue by designing and implementing a new, indirect method for routinely evaluating whorl growth-rate, thereby aiming at considerably saving measurement time, and making it possible to easily achieve repeated measurements across samples large enough to reach statistical significance. This approach was applied to a series of eight common land snail species. The amplitude of intra-specific variability in whorl growth, evaluated this way, proves: (i) being markedly different among the eight investigated species (by a factor that can exceed 2x); (ii) being, yet, high enough, in all cases, to require compensating variations in the adult number of whorls, so as to limit the resulting consequences on the amplitude of the intra-specific variability of adult shell-size. Despite those marked differences in the amplitudes of intra-specific variability of whorl growth-rate among species, no significant relationship was observed between intraspecific variability of whorl growth rate and species-specific shell-shape types (discoidal/globular/elongate) and only weak positive relationship was observed with species-specific typical shell sizes. However, a rather strong positive correlation was found, as expected, between the degree of intra-specific variability of the whorl growth-rate and the degree of intra-specific variability of the number of whorls reached at adulthood (with the yet unexplained exception of one among the eight investigated species).
Effect of Organic Manures and Inorganic Fertilizer on the Leaf Characters of Banana
Authors: Rahman Jaiz Isfaqure , Hazarika D. N. , Bhattacharjee D.
Published: December 2021

A field experiment was carried out at Instructional cum Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Biswanath College of Agriculture, AAU, Biswanath Chariali to study the effects of organic manures and inorganic fertilizer on leaf characters of banana cv. Amritsagar (AAA) during 2016-2017. The research work was carried out with the treatments as follows T1: FYM (Farm Yard Manure) + Microbial Consortia, T2: Enriched Compost, T3: Vermicompost, T4: Microbial Consortia, T0: RDF (FYM + NPK). Healthy suckers were planted in each plot with spacing of 2.1m x 2.1m on 27th May 2016. The treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 were laid out in certified organic block in RBD with 5 replications while the treatment T0 was laid out outside the organic block with five replications. In the organics, T1 recorded the highest number of functional leaves (7.97, 12.46 and 5.37) in vegetative stage, shooting stage and harvesting stage respectively. Highest leaf area of 2.69 m2 at vegetative stage and 11.17 m2 at shooting stage were recorded in T1 while lowest leaf area of 2.41 m2 at vegetative stage and 8.89 m2 at shooting stage were recorded in T4. Leaf area index was highest in T1. Chlorophyll content index in both vegetative stage (45.29) and shooting stage (65.56) was also highest in T1. Comparing the leaf characters (number of functional leaves, leaf area, leaf area index and chlorophyll content index) under organic treatments with that of T0 treated plants, it was found that plants treated with inorganic fertilizer had more number of functional leaves and better leaf character than that of the plants treated with organics.
Trait Based Adaptation and Yield Stability Parameters in Little Millet (Panicum sumatrense Roth. ex. Roem. and Schultz.)
Authors: Selvi V. Manimozhi , Nirmalakumari A.
Published: December 2021

Twelve accessions of littlemillet genotypes which included 10 germplasm accessions and two released check varieties were studied over five environments of rainy seasons of 2013 for their grain yield and stability. The results have shown that genotypes TNPsu 141 and TNPsu 28 had possessed around unit regression coefficient (b = 1.24 to 0.82), thus displaying average stability and are adaptable to all the above five different agro-ecological zones.  Also, these genotypes had non- significant S2di values enabling it to predict the stability. Genotypes TNPsu 17, PM 29, TNPsu 18, and IPmr 886 manifested significantly higher single plant grain yield than the standard check varieties along with regression coefficient values of greater than one expressing above-average stability. These can be performed better in a favourable environment. However, they were classified as unstable due to their significant S2 di values revealing that the performance of the genotypes was unpredictable for the given environment. These genotypes were performed better under optimum conditions. Out of 12 genotypes MS 1826 and MS 4684 had an average response and appeared unpredictable stability. However, among the genotypes studied, TNPsu 141 possessed low yield and perform better in sub -optimum environments which are inferred by less than unit regression.
Protocol on to Assess the Effectiveness of Planned Teaching on Knowledge Regarding to Adverse Effect of Antipsychotic Agents among Caregivers of Schizophrenia Patient
Authors: Ekhar Deepti , Kasturkar Pooja , Gawai Jaya
Published: December 2021

Background of the Study: The involvement of caregivers in treatment has been known as a vital part of mental health care. The enlarged emphasis on caregiver partaking has been to some extent driven by the shift from hospitals to primary provision of schizophrenia care in the community, where caregivers are more broadly involved in supporting consumers.

Objectives: 1. To assess the pre-test knowledge regarding adverse effect of antipsychotic agent among caregivers of schizophrenia patients 2. To evaluate the effectiveness of planed teaching programme on knowledge regarding to antipsychotic agent among caregiver of schizophrenia patients. 3. To find out the association between post-test knowledge score with regards to adverse effect of antipsychotic agent regarding to adverse effect among caregivers of schizophrenia patients.

Material and Methods: Pre-experimental, one group pretest and post-test design to assess the effectiveness of planed teaching on knowledge regarding adverse effect of antipsychotic agents and their response during the adverse effect among caregivers of schizophrenia patients. In this study total 100 caregivers of schizophrenia patient who full fill the inclusion criteria.

Expected Results: This study is planned to assess the effectiveness of planed teaching on knowledge regarding to adverse effect of antipsychotic agents among caregivers of schizophrenia patients. There will be significant association between pre-test and post-test knowledge with regards to antipsychotic agents among schizophrenia patient’s caregivers.

Conclusion: The conclusion will be drawn from the outcomes.
Frequency of Malignancies in Surgical Subjects and Subjects with Mass in Breast in the Surgical Department of Pumhsw Nawabshah Pakistan
Authors: Chandio Sadia Ayoob , Khowaja Mashoque Ali , Memon Gulshan Ali , Ayaz Attiya , Chandio Yasir Ayoob , Qureshi Sajjad Hussain , Ghumro Altaf Hussain , Ahmer Arslan
Published: December 2021

Objective: To conclude frequency for malignancies in subjects with mass in breast at the PUMHSW Nawabshah department of surgery Wards.

Design of Study: This is an Observational research.

Duration & Location of Study: Current research was carried out in surgery at Nawabshah People's Medical College Hospital (SBA) from November 20, 2018 to November 20, 2020.

Methodology: This research comprised of 200 subjects. A comprehensive history was taken from total subjects with special consideration for breast nodules & axillary lymph nodes & recorded proforma to evaluate the affected area was specifically inspected. A systematic review was also conducted to identify comorbidities. Total subjects received baseline & specific tests, especially radiological & histopathological reports. The selection criterion was that total female subjects over the age of 15 associated with mass in breast were included in this research. Exclusion criteria were subjects with breast abscesses & those who were diagnosed & treated for breast cancer with recurrent lesions.

Results: the range of age started from 15-65 years, 39+4.11 years was mean age. lesion of Benign nature on biopsy were were Fibroadenoma 22%, intraductal papilloma 9%, Phylloid Tumor Benign 6% & lactating adenoma 5%. Neoplastic nature was observed on biopsy invasive ductal carcinoma 19%, Invasive lobular carcinoma 11% & malignant phylloides tumor 9%.

Conclusion: Study determined that frequency of breast malignancy in breast lumps was 58%.
A Review on In-vitro Haploid Production in Orchids
Authors: Jaswal Teena , Kaur Saranjeet
Published: December 2021

The aim of writing this paper is to review production of haploids in orchids in vitro. Haploids possess half number of chromosomes and do not undergo fertilization. In vitro conditions provide necessary nutrients and conditions that are required for growth of haploid plantlets. The natural breeding cycle of orchids is very slow as well as unpredictable. To reduce this time, the technique of in vitro haploid production is used. In vitro conditions can decrease or shorten the time required for juvenile period in Orchids. Haploid plants are produced from in vitro haploid culture. This technique is useful to produce homozygous pure lines and to increase the yield of a plant.
Effectiveness of the Video-Assisted Teaching on Anorexia Nervosa among Adolescent Girls in Selected Colleges
Authors: Bokade Kanchan , Wanjari Mayur , Kurian Bibin , Besekar Switi , Wagh Pranali , Waware Sonali , Gujar Samruddhi
Published: December 2021

Background: Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a debilitating psychiatric disorder associated with many adverse health complications and psychiatric comorbidity. Literature review suggests that existing evidence for AN treatment in adults is weak, and no empirically supported treatment has been reliably established. The primary objective of this study is to gain knowledge about the effectiveness of enhanced cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT-E) for anorexia nervosa delivered in a public hospital setting. Baseline predictors of treatment outcome and dropout are studied. Furthermore, blood and stool samples for a general biobank to be able to initiate research on possible pathophysiological mechanisms underlying anorexia nervosa.

Methods: This study was based on a Quasi-experimental one-group pre-test and post-test research design. In this study, 60 adolescent girls were included. The sampling technique used in this study was the nonprobability convenience method of sampling. Data was collected by using questionnaires.

Results: In the pre-test, 14(28%) of the adolescent girl had poor knowledge, 68% of them had average, and 4% of them had a good level of knowledge score. The minimum score in pre-test was three, and the maximum score was 11; the mean score for the pre-test was 6.88 ± 2.04with a mean percentage score of 34.40 ±10.23, whereas in post-test, 8(16%) of the adolescent girl had average knowledge, 70% of them had good, and 14% of them had an excellent level of knowledge score.

Conclusion: Thus, it is concluded that the planned teaching on the prevention of anorexia nervosa among adolescent girls effectively improved the knowledge.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Cartoon Videos on Post Operative Pain and Discomfort among 5 to 10 Years Children
Authors: Kolhekar Sonali , Aage Mayuri , Badwaik Rajshree , Bageshwar Disha , Bahadure Pranay , Lohawe Badal
Published: December 2021

Introduction: A study to evaluate to assess the effectiveness of cartoon videos on post-operative pain and discomfort among 5-to-10-year children. It’s needed for the improvement in health as well as a diversion from pain and wellbeing of children. The important part of every person’s life is to understand children, without understanding we cannot communicate with children. Our whole life has been greatly influenced by our childhood and our experiences. In the hospital, children frequently encounter unpredictable and acute procedure-related pain, which can have detrimental emotional and psychological consequences.

Objective: To assess the level of pain among the children of the control group. To evaluate the effectiveness and compare of cartoon videos on post-operative pain and discomfort among 5-to-10-year children in experimental group and control group. To associate the level of pain score of the control group and experimental group with selected demographic variables.

Methodology: An interventional research strategy is used in this study. The true-experimental two-group post-test control design is used in this research. This research was carried out in Acharya Vinoba Bhave Rural Hospital (AVBRH) on Postoperative youngsters aged 5 to 10 years.

Conclusion: The statistical analysis will lead to a conclusion.
Synthesis, Characterization of Some New 1,3,5-Trisubstituted Pyrazole Derivatives for Their Antifungal Potential
Authors: Sharma Anupam , Jain Alok Pal , Gangwar Mayank
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to develop, synthesis, and characterise a novel 1,3,5-trisubstituted-2-pyrazolines derivative, as well as to evaluate its antifungal activity. The reaction of chalcone derivatives with succinic hydrazide in the presence of pyridine yielded the 1,3,5-tri-substituted-2-pyrazolines derivatives. Total 20 compounds has been synthesized and characterized by the IR, 1HNMR and mass spectral analysis. Antifungal activity of the compounds carried out onfour fungal strains i.e. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A. Niger, C. Albicans and R. Oryzae in two different concentration i.e. 50 and 100 µg/ml by Agar-diffusion method using Cup-plate method. The usual antifungal medicine was ketoconazole. All of the synthesized 1,3,5-trisubstituted pyrazole compounds (ME1-ME8, CL1-CL8, BR1-BR4) showed medium to best action against examined organisms, according to antifungal activity data. The antifungal activity of compounds against fungal strains (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, A. Niger, Candida albicans, and R. Oryzae) revealed the following order of action: CL-4 > BR-4 > CL-3 > CL-2 > ME-3> ME-2> CL-5 > CL-6 > ME-4 > ME-5 > ME-6 > ME-7 > CL-7 > CL-8>ME-8 >CL-1 >ME-1 > CL-5 > CL-6 > ME-4 > ME-5 > ME-6 > ME-7 > CL-7 > CL-8>ME-8 >CL-1 >ME-1. Electronegative groups (Br, Cl, F, and NO2) must be present at the third and fifth positions of the 1,3,5-pyrazoline ring for significant antifungal action. The presence of an electronegative group at the third and fifth positions may be required for the best action against bacterial and fungal strains, however the addition of F, NO2 has demonstrated moderate activity, while the substitution of methyl and methoxy  groups may reduce the activity. The synthesized compounds in the BR-1 through BR-4 class are the most active.
Distribution of Four Biofilm Associated Gene among A. baumannii by in Silico-PCR
Authors: Babu J. D. Monesh , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: December 2021

Background: A.baumannii is an opportunistic pathogen known for its efficient biofilm formation that is attributed for its virulence. Acinetobacter baumannii is an inhabitant of oral biofilms as well. Many gene operons are involved in the biofilm formation that need to be monitored frequently.

Aim: The aim of the present study was to detect the distribution of four biofilm associated genes among A.baumannii.

Materials and Methods: Four biofilm forming genes viz., bfms, ptk, pgaB, and fimH of A.baumannii were selected. Forward and reverse primers of those four genes were used for in-silico PCR amplification. 19 strains of A.baumannii set as default on the server were chosen and the amplicon bands were observed

Results: The present investigation documents the distribution of four vital biofilm associated gene among 19 different strains of A.baumannii among which bfms was distributed at a higher frequency followed by pgaB and ptk

Conclusion: The finding of the study suggests the presence of pgaB, bfms, ptk among the 19 different strains of A.baumannii. However further experimental validation must be done to frequently monitor the presence of the genes among the clinical strains of A.baumannii.
Synthesis, Docking and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Coumarin Incorporated Thiazole Derivatives
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Kumar Pankaj , Pai Aravinda
Published: December 2021

Synthesis and screening of a series of new coumarin derivatives coupled with thiazole are performed for their antimicrobial properties. A series of new thiazolyl coumarin derivatives were synthesized upon refluxing 3-bromoaceytl coumarin, substituted benzaldehyde and thiosemicarbazide in the presence of glacial acetic acid. Substituted 3-acetyl coumarin undergoes bromination in the presence of bromine and chloroform to form 3-Bromoaceytl coumarin. The thiazolyl coumarin derivatives were characterized based on IR, 1H NMR, and Mass spectral data. The docking studies have been carried out against the enzyme DNA gyrase (1KZN). Compound SCT 2 showed the highest docking score -5.662 compared to other compounds. The final synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity by tube dilution method. Compound SCT 1 and SCT 2 showed significant antibacterial activity with minimum inhibitory concentration of 12.5µg/ml and 6.25µg/ml, respectively, compared to standard Cephalosporin. The MIC results suggest that compounds SCT 1 and SCT 2 showed promising antibacterial activity. So these compounds are interesting lead molecules for further synthesis as antimicrobial agents.
Recent Advances in Insulin Delivery Devices and Modes of Insulin Therapy
Authors: Rai Ishita , Wanjari Anil , Acharya Sourya
Published: December 2021

The discovery of insulin was 100 years old till 2021. Insulin, the first diabetic medication, is now the safest and most effective glucose-lowering medication available. Despite its efficacy, the most significant challenge with insulin has been the prevalence of hypoglycemia, which has resulted in the majority of patients being prescribed optimum dosages. Insulin delivery devices include syringes, pens, and pumps. Soon, artificial pancreas (AP) by using a very closed-loop delivery method will be a big step towards the advancement of insulin delivery devices. This article looks at the invention of syringes, disposable, long-lasting pens, and smart connected pens, continuous intraperitoneal insulin infusion (CIPII) and patch insulin pumps, artificial pancreas and other medical devices. Hence, insulin administration that is both minimally invasive and non-invasive towards the advancement is required. We review the available information on the evolution of insulin delivery systems, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of technology as well as anticipated advances. Due to the wide variety of technological solutions accessible via the international platform, only the most common methods essential to the patient’s care are detailed here in the article.
Case Report on Alcohol Dependence with Delirium Tremors
Authors: Kakade Rohini , Gujar Samrudhhi , Pohekar Savita , Sharma Ranjana , Ankar Ruchira , Tembhare Vaishali , Morye Swapna , Wavare Sonali
Published: December 2021

Alcohol is a natural product made by reacting lactose fermentation with yeast spores. Because it includes calories. With no nutritional value, alcohol is used as a source of energy Different sugar sources are used for fermentation to create a variety of alcoholic beverages. Patient Present History:-On September 3rd, 2020, a 32-year-old male patient was admitted to hospital with a specific complaint of abdominal pain for the past three years. He began drinking alcohol on a daily basis. Initially, he only drank at night, but later he began drinking during the day.

Clinical Finding: Mood irritable, social withdrawal, mental confusion, seizure, vomiting, mood changes, lethargy and vomiting.

Diagnostic Evaluation: Hb - 11.9 mg%, MCV – 87 cum/micron, MCH- 28.9 pico/gm, Total Bilirubin- 1.47.USG –He is appearance was natural once more. There was no localized lesion or oblivious mass lesion in the pelvis.
Conservative Rehabilitation of Partial Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear - A Case Report
Authors: Uttamchandani Shivani , Bhageriya Khushboo , Deshmukh Mithushi
Published: December 2021

The anterior cruciate ligament is one of the most important ligaments in the knee joint (ACL). The ACL is necessary for appropriate knee joint mobility and mechanics. When the ACL is torn, patients may experience issues with their knee's function, as well as instability and the sensation of 'falling away' while walking. The anterior cruciate ligament acts as a main restraint on tibia-to-femur translation (anterior shear). Depending on the angle of knee flexion, this function is allocated to either anteromedial or posterolateral bundle. When the knee is fully extended, the posterolateral bundle is tense; however, when the knee flexes, the posterolateral bundle loosens and the anteromedial bundle tightens.

We report the case of a 32-year-old man who twisted his leg while jogging, resulting in a partial thickness ACL rupture and mild joint effusion along the periarticular surface of the right knee, as revealed by radiological symptoms and MRI.Conservative rehabilitation in a patient aged 32 year shows good results and so the surgery was not performed. Initially 10 weeks protocol was managed in hospital under the guidance of a therapist including strengthening, stretching and conditioning of lower limb muscles, later on as pain reduced and patient achieved functional pain free range 12 week protocol was further set for home program.
A Case Report on Alcohol Dependence Syndrome with Cannabis Addiction
Authors: Ekhar Deepti , Vanlalpeka Samual , Sayyad Shabnam , Meshram Dharti , Uke Trupti , Gawai Jaya , Kasturkar Pooja
Published: December 2021

Background: Alcohol dependence syndrome (ADS) and Cannabis use disorder (CUD) are every now and again co-happening or comorbid substance issues in the two young people and grown-ups. Indications of cross-over between ADS and CUD in people as they slowly move from pre-adulthood to adulthood. The researchers reasoned that the two substance-related issues are comorbid, albeit the closeness of their association ordinarily shifts over the long haul.

Aim and Objective: The purpose of this case report is to determine the first-line approach for a person with alcohol dependence syndrome with cannabis addiction who has been referred to a public mental health facility for treatment. To identifying symptoms of ADS with cannabis addiction early, providing treatment and preventing possible complications.

Methods: Knowledge used to write this case description was gathered from PubMed outlets, search hand, searching college and personal libraries looking for research techniques and case report texts, engaging in or writing many case reports with experience. 

Results: The patient was taken psychopharmacological treatment Anti- Anxiety drugs Lorazepam along with Tab. Benalgis, Tab. Neurobion fort and psycho social therapy, coping strategies, family therapy, yoga, cognitive behavioural therapy, medication. After those symptoms was minimized.

Conclusion: Patients achieve positive outcomes not only through the support of their treatment management, but also through adaptation and family support. Then, with appropriate psychophysiological treatment, the patient gave a positive response and gradually all the planned goals were achieved. Finally, the patient was discharged and he is currently being monitored.
Causes and Management of Acute Pyelonephritis
Authors: Hussein Mohammed Salah , Almukalaf Jawaher Abdullah , Alalyani Saad Mohammed , Alharbi Rayan Mofareh , Alzahrani Wejdan Ibrahim , Aldhubiani Duaa Salah , Khubrani Adel Ali , Alharbi Ziad Mofareh , Alotaibi Leena Saqer , Alradhi Zainab Mohamed , Alharbi Ghoson ghonem , Alrumyyan Rumyyan Abdulaziz Rumyyan
Published: December 2021

Acute pyelonephritis is a bacterial infection that causes kidney inflammation. Pyelonephritis is a kidney infection that develops as a result of an ascending urinary tract infection that travels from the bladder to the kidneys. Acute pyelonephritis affects over 250,000 people each year, resulting in more than 100,000 hospitalizations. Infection with Escherichia coli is the most prevalent cause. Fever, vomiting, abdomen or loin discomfort, and fatigue are all symptoms of acute pyelonephritis, however Fever is the most clinically useful symptom. Escherichia coli is the causative agent in more than 80% of instances of acute pyelonephritis. Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and enterococci are among the other etiologic factors. While Infections caused by Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Clostridium, or Candida are more common in diabetic patients. Acute pyelonephritis can be treated as an outpatient or as an inpatient procedure. Outpatient treatment is available for healthy, young, non-pregnant women with uncomplicated pyelonephritis. The choice of first-line oral antibiotics depends on local antibiotic resistance characteristics, although trimethoprim alone or in combination with sulphamethoxazole, cephalexin, or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. In this article we will be looking the causes and management of acute pyelonephritis.
A Case Report on Schizophrenia with Autoimmune Encephalitis
Authors: Meshram Dharti , Wavare Sonali , Uke Trupti , Sayyad Shabnam
Published: December 2021

Schizophrenia is a severe mental illness with a high death rate and significant societal implications. Curative treatments are not available due to a lack of understanding of its etiopathogenesis. The mild encephalitis hypothesis of schizophrenia, established primarily by Karl Bechter and Norbert Müller, is one of the new research hypotheses. According to this theory, a significant subset of schizophrenia patients suffers from a mild but persistent form of encephalitis caused by a variety of etiology ranging from viral infections to traumas to autoimmune illnesses. This inflammatory method is believed to occur in the start or during the course of the disease.

The authors present case of a 65-year-old female got admitted in female psychiatric ward AVBR Hospital Sawangi Meghe, Wardha Maharashtra with chief complaint of forgetfulness, interest in environment decline, unable to communicate, poor performance at work, muttering to self, sleep disturbance, seeing people which are not seen other, fearfulness. all necessary investigation done, in mental status examination founded impairment in memory, disorientation cognitive function impairment, RBC count 3.82, WBC count 5300, Hb% 12, calcium 8.1, urea 26, creatinine 0.6, sodium 142, potassium 4.0. Alkaline phosphate 89. HIV, HBSAG non-reactive, A large number of white blood cells in the CSF An MRI that reveals evidence of brain inflammation. There was a slight increase in antinuclear antibody (1: 40 titer). Blood and CSF were positive for oligoclonal bands. The patient was received symptomatic treatment antianxiety, antipsychotic drug alleviates hallucinations and delusion. 

Disturbances of consciousness and orientation, catatonia, speech dysfunction, focal neurological signs, epileptic seizures/EEG abnormalities or autonomic dysfunction are warning signs in psychiatric patients which should always induce cerebrospinal fluid analysis with determination of antineuronal autoantibodies. Currently established immunotherapy strategies are summarised, taking into account international expert advice. Guided by clinical warning signs, our qualitative review enables rapid and reliable diagnosis of definite autoimmune encephalitis. This is of high relevance for the affected individuals, since early and sufficiently intense immunotherapy often leads to a good prognosis despite severe illness.
Effect of Box Breathing Technique on Lung Function Test
Authors: Ahmed Ashfaaq , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: December 2021

Background: Box breathing exercise is a technique of slow breathing rhythm also known as square breathing used universally. It increases the performance and concentration level, it also acts as a powerful stress relief. It is tested with a spirometer for the lung function test that measures the airflow of the upper and lower respiratory tract. This method builds up carbon dioxide in blood which calms down and regulates the ANS (Autonomic Nervous System), which enhances the cardio- inhibitory response of the vagus nerve that improves the mood. The main aim of the study was to analyze the effect of box breathing technique on lung function

Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out among the participants at the age of 18-25 years from Saveetha Dental College. A total of 30 participants were included in this study (15 males, 15 females). The experimental training procedures consisted of 2 sessions of box breathing day and night for a period of 30 days. Participants were informed of the procedures of the box breathing technique. RMS Helios spirometer was used to measure lung volumes and capacities. Statistics analysis was done using SPSS software, paired t test. P value of less than or equal to 0.05 was considered significant statistically.

Results: There was a significant increase among the participants FVC (Forced Vital Capacity), FEV1 (Forced Expiratory Volume), FIVC (Forced Inspiratory Vital Capacity) parameters after 2 sessions on each day of box breathing technique for a period of 30 days. Other parameters increased to 10% but not significantly.

Conclusion: The present study illustrates the potential for box breathing practice to improve lung performance and reduce stress in healthy individuals. Despite the significant difference in FVC, FEV, FIVC levels supporting improved lung function, further investigation is needed to delineate mechanisms that underlie these benefits
Effect of Ocimum Sanctum Bio Compounds against csuE Gene Protein of Acinetobacter baumanii
Authors: Sunil Mukil , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharshini J. Vijayashree
Published: December 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a Gram-negative bacillus that is aerobic, pleomorphic and non-motile. Multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation contributes to the virulence and pathogenicity of the bacterium. Among many virulence factors, csuE is critical for initiation and assembly, showing much homology to type 1 and P pili. With much propensity of drug resistance, in recent years alternative medications have spurred renewed interest in targeting potent pathogens. Ocimum sanctum, also known as holy basil or tulsi possess various bio-active properties and can be used as alternative medicine to treat systemic ailments.

Aim: This study was aimed to analyze the drug-ligand interactions between csuE protein of A. baumannii and the bio-compounds from O.sanctum using in-silico docking analysis.

Material and Methods: csuE protein was retrieved and optimisation of protein was done. Ligands were selected and were assessed for drug likeness using molinspiration parameters. Further the compounds were subjected for docking analysis and the interacted molecules were visualized for binding energy and hydrogen bonds.

Results: Out of the 9 compounds of Ocimum sanctum, benzofuran showed good interaction with csuE protein of Acinetobacter baumannii with a least docking energy of -5.31Kcal/Mol.

Conclusion: The present study recommends benzofuran as the potent candidate for novel drug design to treat the infections caused by A.baumannii upon further evaluations for its safety and immunological response.
Distribution of Biofilm-associated Genes among Acinetobacter baumannii by in-silico PCR
Authors: Joshua A. Aldrin , Girija A. S. Smiline , Ganesh P. Sankar , Priyadharsini J. Vijayashree
Published: December 2021

Background: Acinetobacter baumannii is a coccobacillus that is Gram negative, non motile, non fermentative and oxidase negative. It is the most common and successful nosocomial pathogen recognised by WHO. This dreadful pathogen causes urinary tract infections, ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), bacteremia, etc., These infections are most common in hospital wards especially Intensive Care Unit (ICU). The infections are due to biofilm formation by the virulent genes of A. baumannii, and the common biofilm-associated genes of A. baumannii were bap, csuE, fimH, epsA, bfmS, ptk, pgaB, ompA, blaPER-1. Among these, bap, epsA and ompA genes are highly prevalent among the clinical strains of A. baumannii.

Aim:  To detect the three vital biofilm-associated genes of A. baumannii by in-silico PCR analysis.

Materials and Methods: 19 isolates of A. baumannii were selected and 3 target genes, namely epsA, ompA and bap gene were used for the amplification process through in-silico PCR simulation tools. Evolutionary analysis was done for the ompA gene.

Results: The epsA gene was expressed in 10.52% of the total strains selected with the highest occurrence of ompA gene as 57.89%. bap gene was not observed from the study strains included. From evolutionary analysis based on ompA distributed strains, the Acinetobacter baumannii SDF and Acinetobacter baumannii BJAB0715 might be the parental strains where the evolution of strains would have started. Through successive generations, the Acinetobacter baumannii MDR-ZJ06 and Acinetobacter baumannii TYTH-1 had become the multidrug resistant strains present in the environment.

Conclusion: The findings of the study confirms the distribution of epsA and ompA genes among the 19 different strains of A. baumannii. The study suggests periodical monitoring of biofilm based virulence genes among the clinical strains and to curtail the A. baumannii infections.
Guillain Barre Syndrome: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Joshi Ragini , Mendhe Deeplata , Wanjari Mayur
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The arrival of Guillain-Barre Syndrome is sudden. It’s a type of neuropathy caused by the immune system. Nutrition is very crucial. In impoverished countries, it is a disabling disease. Autoantibodies against diverse antigens can be seen in the outlying site. The occurrence links 0.4 to 1.7 million individuals per year.

Case Presentation: A 5-year-old boy was taken to the hospital with chief complaints of Weakness in bilateral upper and lower limbs, trouble in swallowing, inability to hold the neck, mouth-frothing, fever spikes. On physical examination, the patient has experienced weakness in bilateral upper and lower limbs, Bulbar weakness is present, pain experienced in both legs, the gag reflex is absent, In Cardiovascular System, S1 and S2 sound are present, In Respiratory System, Air entry is bilaterally equal, pupils are reflected light, tone, and power of upper and lower limbs are decreased, then treatment was started as soon as possible, he has not improved after receiving treatment, and the patient is on ventilator support, with treatment continuing until the end of my care.

Conclusion: In this study, we primarily focus on professional management, and outstanding nursing care may give the holistic care that Guillain Barre Syndrome requires while also effectively managing the challenging case. The comprehensive health care team collaborates to help the patient achieve their prior level of independence and satisfaction after a full recovery.
Digital Teaching Methodology among the Dental Students a Questionnaire Based Survey
Authors: Dharaneesh N. , Priya A. Jothi , Devi R. Gayatri
Published: December 2021

Background: The implementation of digital technologies in dental curricula has started globally and reached varying levels of penetration counting on local resources and demands. One of the biggest challenges in digital education is the need to continuously adapt and adjust to the developments in technology and apply these to dental practice in communicating with dental professionals, medical doctors, dental technicians, and insurance providers, dental students need to be prepared to manage digitized data, ensure patient safety, and understand the advantages and limitations of conventional and digital processes.

Aim: To create awareness about digital teaching methodology among the dental students.

Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the adolescent population with a sample size of 120. A self administered structured questionnaire was prepared based on digital teaching methodology and consisted of 13 questions. It was circulated to participants through an online platform (google form). The statistics were done using SPSS software, chi-square test was used to check the association and P value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant.The pros of the survey is that the adolescents of different lifestyles and cultures were surveyed. Children and adults were excluded from the survey. Simple random sampling method was the sampling method used to minimise the sampling bias.

Results: The results showed that the dental students are aware about the digital teaching methodology.

Conclusion: The people are aware of the digital teaching methodology. But more awareness needs to be spread so that digital handling can be improvised in the near future.
A Comparative Study of Low Versus Standard Intraperitoneal Pressures in Gynaecological Laparoscopic Surgery
Authors: Patil Anup R. , Dewani Deepika , Mahajan Kalyani , Acharya Neema , Jaiswal Arpita , Inamdar Saunitra A. , Madaan Sparsh
Published: December 2021

Background: Minimal access surgery in contrast to open surgery has quicker recovery during the postoperative period as well as reduced scores of pain. As a result of increased pressure in the abdominal cavity, laparoscopic surgery  has many implications over a range of organ systems as well as their functioning. Laparoscopic surgery due to increased intraabdominal pressure also has many implications on various organ systems and their functioning. To overcome the consequences of increased intrabdominal pressure, a number of trials have been formulated to compare low- versus standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effectivity of low intraperitoneal pressures v/s  standard intraperitoneal pressure during laparoscopic hysterectomies.

Study Design: Experimental study 

Materials and Methods: 40 cases with uncomplicated symptomatic benign uterine pathologies who were posted for laparoscopic hysterectomy were selected out of which 20-20 cases were randomized into low and standard pneumoperitoneum groups. 

Results: In patients in whom low pressure pneumoperitoneum is employed are better recovered in terms of pain than standard pressure pneumoperitoneum. This means hospital stay can be shortened in low pressure pneumoperitoneum groups which will be more economical and comfortable for patients.

Conclusion: Laparoscopic hysterectomy can be done at 10 mmhg with the benefits of :

Optimum visualization with low pressure

Reduction in post operative pain helping the patient for early ambulation so that patient will get back to routine work and normal life earlier, it is the main purpose of minimal invasive surgery.
Properties of Shotcrete According to Accelerator Types and Mixing Ratios
Authors: Choi Seunghak , Han Seungyeon , Kim Hyeonsuk , Yun Kyongku , Ha Taeho
Published: December 2021

Shotcrete should be attached to the ground and should have stable strength for a long-term. It should develop strength earlier for rapid work. Therefore, in this study, three types of accelerators—aluminate, cement mineral, and alkali-free—were selected and mixed to secure the initial strength. Depending on the type and mixing rate of each accelerator, slump, air amount, and compressive strength were used to evaluate the basic properties, boiling water absorption test, and chloride ion penetration resistance to conduct durability analysis. The mixing of aluminate-based and cement-mineral-based accelerators was effective in improving the initial strength, and alkali-free accelerator was effective in improving the long-term strength. The mixture to which accelerators were not mixed showed the highest water-tightness.
Training Program Analysis for Incidents in Hydrogen Refueling Stations
Authors: Park Byoungjik , Kim Yangkyun , Lim Ohk Kun
Published: December 2021

As the number of hydrogen refueling stations has increased rapidly in recent times, evaluating their incident training programs for first responders, has gained importance. In this study, the Delphi method was used for investigating the training programs, and the importance of the consensus programs was analyzed using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Location and operating methods of the emergency shutdown devices, safety distance, and response procedures depending on the hydrogen refueling station and hydrogen vehicle, were deduced. The results reveal that the training regarding emergency shutdown devices is the most important, followed by the one regarding safety distance. Quantitative analysis with regard to the training programs for hydrogen refueling stations can improve the response capability of first responders.
Basic Experimental Evaluation of Fresh and Hardened Properties of Mortar Using Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Woo Seong-Jin , Park In-Beom , Lee Dong-Min , Yang Jun-Mo
Published: December 2021

Recently, the three-dimensional concrete printing (3DCP) method has been garnering considerable interest owing to its ability to significantly reduce the construction time. In this study, 3D printing or additive manufacturing was applied to mortar using a small gantry type equipment and the performance of the method was evaluated. The mixture proportioning for good mortar printing and deposition was derived. The parameters of printability, buildability, compressive strength, flexural tensile strength, and anti-washout were considered for the performance evaluation. The results showed good printability with a constant width and no surface defects. In the buildability test, the rate of yield stress development increased, and the rate of change in the layer height decreased as the interlayer time interval increased during underwater printing. The flexural tensile strength of the specimen cast into the mold was lower than that of the specimen extracted from the additive parts owing to the longitudinal confinement during printing. The compressive strength in the lateral direction was slightly higher than that in the perpendicular direction, whereas the compressive strength of the specimen extracted from the part printed underwater was higher than that of the specimen cast into the mold.
An Analysis of Factors Influencing Regional Resilience to Disaster Using the Resilience Cost Index
Authors: Choi Yeon-woo , Hong You-jeong , Choo Mijin , Yoon Dong Keun
Published: December 2021

Natural disasters whose scale of damage exceeds the level that regional governments can afford are increasing. As such disasters have increased, the damage to local communities tends to be prolonged. Accordingly, it is important to prevent prolonged disaster damage and secure resilience to ensure quick recovery from the damage. This study analyzed the regional factors that can affect resilience to disaster, quantifying the regional resilience of each sigungu administrative district in Korea that suffered damage from natural disasters during the period 2010-2017 using the resilience cost index (RCI). We investigated the relationship between change in resilience cost index by year and changes in regional factors by year to identify the regions where industrial diversity was secured so as to reduce the exposure of each industry to disaster, budgets for social welfare were increased, and participation in volunteer activities was expanded, all of which tend to improve regional resilience.
Development of an ANN-Based Urban Flood Alert Criteria Prediction Model and the Impact of Training Data Augmentation
Authors: Kang Hoseon , Cho Jaewoong , Lee Hanseung , Hwang Jeonggeun , Moon Hyejin
Published: December 2021

Urban flooding occurs during heavy rains of short duration, so quick and accurate warnings of the danger of inundation are required. Previous research proposed methods to estimate statistics-based urban flood alert criteria based on flood damage records and rainfall data, and developed a Neuro-Fuzzy model for predicting appropriate flood alert criteria. A variety of artificial intelligence algorithms have been applied to the prediction of the urban flood alert criteria, and their usage and predictive precision have been enhanced with the recent development of artificial intelligence. Therefore, this study predicted flood alert criteria and analyzed the effect of applying the technique to augmentation training data using the Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm. The predictive performance of the ANN model was RMSE 3.39-9.80 mm, and the model performance with the extension of training data was RMSE 1.08-6.88 mm, indicating that performance was improved by 29.8-82.6%.
Development and Application of Estimation Method for the Scale of Damage in Domestic Drought
Authors: Song Youngseok , Lee Hyeongjun , Song Yangho , Park Moojong
Published: December 2021

In this study, an estimation method for damage and recovery costs on account of domestic droughts was developed. The estimation method for the scale of damage was applied based on the national drought statistics generated by the Ministry of Public Administration and Security. The damage and recovery costs of domestic droughts were calculated based on the damage data of domestic droughts that occurred in 2018 and 2019. The estimation method was developed for damage costs incurred due to domestic droughts by considering the number of people affected by water supply restrictions, accommodation, and restaurants. The method for estimating recovery costs after domestic droughts was developed considering domestic disaster support, water support, water development support, equipment support, and human resource support for victims. Due to the construction of a DB of limited domestic drought damage status, the damage costs were calculated for the number of people affected by water supply restrictions, and the recovery costs were calculated for the domestic disaster and water support. The total damage costs caused by domestic droughts in 2018 amounted to 612.471 M KRW, and in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, they were 218.616 M KRW in 2019, and more than 90% of Incheon metropolitan city was calculated. The total recovery costs caused by domestic droughts in 2018 were 5,994.555 M KRW, and in Gangwon-do and Jeollanam-do, they amounted to 4,882.024 M KRW in 2019, and more than 90% of Chungcheongnam-do was calculated. The difference between the damage and recovery costs of domestic droughts was approximately tenfold in 2018 and twentyfold in 2019.
Water Utilization Status and Water Saving Awareness Investigation
Authors: Song Youngseok , Joo Jingul
Published: December 2021

In this study, water utilization status and water saving awareness investigation were analyzed through a survey in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Consequently, it was observed that most water is wasted when showering and doing laundry. Therefore, it is necessary to supply water-saving washing machines and dishwashers along with water-saving devices. A total of 64% of the respondents conserve water in their daily lives, and the reasons are worries about the future and economic reasons. Water saving is not practiced because it is unfamiliar or uncomfortable. Therefore, methods are necessary to save water without inconvenience in daily lives. It is judged that the results of this study can be used to establish strategies for water demand management.