bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Offline Translation Software for English to Hindi
Authors: Gangwar Sonali , Naim Iram
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This article provides a comprehensive study on the development of offline applications for English to Hindi translation. The project leverages the Moses statistical machine translation system to achieve the goal of seamless text-to-text translation between two languages without the need for online APIs. The report covers many aspects of the project, including methods for learning translation techniques and using dynamic programming to calculate the cheapest possible translation methods for foreign languages. Carefully consider the translation by analyzing the quoted words one after the other and estimating their value. Dynamic programming method to speed up visual interpretation. Additionally, the article underlines the problem statement and discusses how recent technological changes have changed translation. Translator software can now translate all documents with a single click at a low cost, a project that eliminates speech barriers and facilitates communication between lines
Machine Learning Based Multiple Disease Prediction using Streamlit
Authors: More Vikas , Srivastav Suman , Gaud Shubhangi , Suman Shekhar , Soni Pulkit
Published: April 2024

Abstract: There are multiple techniques in machine learning that can in a variety of industries, do predictive analytics on large amounts of data. Predictive analytics in healthcare is a difficult endeavour, but it can eventually assist practitioners in making timely decisions regarding patients' health and treatment based on massive data. Diseases like Breast cancer, diabetes, and heart- related diseases are causing many deaths globally but most of these deaths are due to the lack of timely check-ups of the diseases. The above problem occurs due to a lack of medical infrastructure and a low ratio of doctors to the population. The statistics clearly show the same, WHO recommended, the ratio of doctors to patients is 1:1000 whereas India’s doctor-to- population ratio is 1:1456, this indicates the shortage of doctors. The diseases related to heart, cancer, and diabetes can cause a potential threat to mankind, if not found early. Therefore, early recognition and diagnosis of these diseases can save a lot of lives. This work is all about predicting diseases that are harmful using machine learning classification algorithms. In this work, parkinsons, heart, and diabetes are included. To make this work seamless and usable by the mass public, our team made a medical test web application that makes predictions about various diseases using the concept of machine learning. In this work, our aim to develop a disease-predicting web app that uses the concept of machine learning-based predictions about various diseases like Parkinson, Diabetes, and Heart disease
TESTIFY- Development of a Test Generator Website Using PHP and SQL Database
Authors: Singh Maneet , Sahu Nitesh , Tiwari Shriyansh , Gupta Mitali , Shukla Samiksha
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This study describes the creation of a test generating website with SQL database management and PHP server-side scripting. The website offers a quick and effective way for educators to produce and deliver exams by giving them a platform to create, organize, and administer tests online. The website's architecture is covered in the paper, along with how PHP is used for server-side functionality, My SQL is used for the database management system, and HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are used for the front-end user interface. Additionally, it examines the website's features, including question bank administration, test result generating, test creation, and user authentication. The paper's conclusion includes a discussion of the website's possible effects on education and recommendations for improvements in the road
Phishing Detection: A Multilayer Approach to Scale Down Phishing
Authors: Sai Garikapati Charan , Rishika Akula , Reddy Garlapati Dheeraj , Reddy Reddyvari Venkateswara , Patel Punyaban
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Detection of phishing scams is a process to detect phishing attempts before they happen, inform administrators and users about them, and most importantly reduce the risk. Phishing is a form of cybercrime in which hackers attempt to trick victims into revealing confidential information, e.g. passwords or financial details, by pretending that they're an efficient source for the attack via email and most commonly text messaging. Since phishing is mostly a semantics-based attack that targets human vulnerabilities, identifying these phishing websites can be difficult. The authors suggested this project as a solution to this problem. By identifying and quickly warning users of potential phishing and malware threats, our project aims to improve online security. This all-inclusive method includes Greek alphabet analysis, port forwarding detection, database comparison, grammar analysis utilizing NLP libraries, and many more. A modified version of phishing detection technique has been suggested which integrates Greek alphabet analysis , port forwarding detection and homograph attack detection.
Spyware Surveillance on Keyboard Through Electronic Messaging Protocol
Authors: Reddy Reddyvari Venkateswara , Priya Gattu Laxmi , Varshini K , Varun Mahankali
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The cause of the keylogger characteristic described on this paper is to reveal and file using the programs on the laptop system. The software makes use of the Python programming language and libraries such as pynput, smtplib, pyautogui, and OpenCV. The important features of this keylogger include taking pictures keystrokes, shooting timestamps, viewing energetic window titles, typing search queries, and appearing actions with right mouse clicks. The keylogger runs in the heritage and captures all keystrokes by means of the user, including letters, places, and input key presses. Timestamps are recorded to test the timing of each keystroke. In addition, the program retrieves the title of the active window to offer a description of the keystroke. It also lists the phrases or queries that the user searched for. In addition, the keylogger is programmed to take a screenshot of the display screen and locate a right mouse click on and take a photo of the consumer with a web browser and then e mail those screenshots and pictures to the designated recipient. The electronic mail provider is created the use of the smtplib library, which permits keyloggers to safely ship recorded statistics to an e-mail cope with. Overall, this keylogger function offers high stages of surveillance, allowing diffused tracking of person pastime and providing precious insights into their interactions with the computer machine
Harbingers of Cerebral Hemorrhage in Acute Leukemias
Authors: Shavkatovich Qarabayev Sanat , Gazkhanovna Madasheve Anajan
Published: April 2024

Аbstrасt. Асutе lеukеmiаs, еnсоmраssing bоth асutе lymрhоblаstiс lеukеmiа (АLL) аnd асutе myеlоid lеukеmiа (АML), аrе аggrеssivе mаlignаnсiеs оf thе blооd аnd bоnе mаrrоw, рrеsеnting signifiсаnt mоrbidity аnd mоrtаlity. Аmоng thе myriаd соmрliсаtiоns аssосiаtеd with thеsе hеmаtоlоgiс саnсеrs, сеrеbrаl hеmоrrhаgе stаnds оut аs а раrtiсulаrly dirе соnsеquеnсе, оftеn hеrаlding а рооr рrоgnоsis. This рареr аims tо dissесt thе hаrbingеrs оf сеrеbrаl hеmоrrhаgе in раtiеnts with асutе lеukеmiаs, fосusing оn thе idеntifiсаtiоn оf risk fасtоrs, undеrlying mесhаnisms, аnd роtеntiаl рrеdiсtivе mаrkеrs. This study undеrsсоrеs thе сritiсаl nееd fоr hеightеnеd аwаrеnеss аnd рrоасtivе mаnаgеmеnt оf сеrеbrаl hеmоrrhаgе risk in асutе lеukеmiа раtiеnts. By аdvаnсing оur knоwlеdgе оf thе рrеdiсtоrs аnd mесhаnisms оf сеrеbrаl hеmоrrhаgе, wе саn еnhаnсе раtiеnt саrе аnd роtеntiаlly ехtеnd survivаl in this vulnеrаblе раtiеnt рорulаtiоn.
Innovative Treatment Methods for Brights Anemia Developed in Chronic Renal Failure
Authors: Saydullayevich Makhmonov Lutfullo , Abdikhalimovna Amerova Dilafruz , Urazovich Kholmatov Baxtiyor , Tulkinovich Rakhmatov Khusniddin
Published: April 2024

Abstract: The use of innovative treatment methods for Bright's anemia in chronic renal failure has shown promising results in improving patient outcomes. These innovative treatment methods have the potential to revolutionize the management of Bright's anemia in patients with chronic renal failure
X-RAY Diagnosis, Symptoms and Treatment of Aseptic Necrosis of the Femoral Head
Authors: Saydullayevich Makhmonov Lutfullo , Fayazovich Vakhidov Feruz , Asliddinovich Muminov Javokhir , Gazkhanovna Madasheva Anajan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Aseptic necrosis of the femoral head is the necrosis of areas of the bone marrow of the femoral head with the development of local osteoporosis and osteonecrosis due to circulatory disorders. It manifests itself as increasing pain, limitation of movements, dysfunction of the hip joint. May cause disability for the patient. Diagnosed on the basis of complaints, objective examination data, results of radiography, CT, MRI and scintigraphy. During the treatment process, drug therapy, physiotherapy, exercise therapy, orthopedic measures, and corrective osteotomy are used. If there is significant destruction of the head, endoprosthetics is performed.
Features of Hemostatic Therapy for Traumatic Coagulopathy in Patients with Combined Hemorrhoids
Authors: Makhmatovich Abdiev Kattabek , Iskandarovich Ashurov Shavkat , Negmatovich Kilichev Rashid , Khusanovich Gadayev Ganisher
Published: April 2024

Abstract: In this article, the features of hemostatic therapy for traumatic coagulopathy in patients with combined hemorrhoids and their treatment methods are highlighted. Laser treatment of combined hemorrhoids is the subject of debate, since removal of the external component of the disease can lead to increased pain and the impossibility of eliminating it on an outpatient basis.
Ways to Improve the Results of Treatment of Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Adults
Authors: Shomuradov Shomuradov Qodir Ergashevich , Najmitdinovich Temirov Nuriddin , Gazkhanovna Madasheva Anajan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: After long experience of various therapeutic attempts. Treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is prescribed in accordance with the clinical and hematological form, determined through special tests and consists, for curable forms, of corticotherapy, in some cases splenectomy and in special cases immunosuppressive therapy. The first condition for treatment with an accurate indication is the correct diagnosis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, with the elimination of secondary forms, which, along with the treatment of purpuric syndrome, require treatment of an etiological nature.
New Methods of Treatment of Funicular Myelosis in Anemia with Vitamin V12 Deficiency Have Been Developed
Authors: Saydullayevich Makhmonov Lutfullo , Sharifovna Gapparova Nilufar , Kizi Khanturaeva Munisa Zokir , Gazkhanovna Madasheva Anajan
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Funicular myelosis (Lichtheim syndrome) is a rare neurological disorder associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, often concurrent with pernicious anemia. This deficiency is typically due to malabsorption issues in the digestive tract, particularly prevalent among the elderly population. Vitamin B12 plays a crucial role in various metabolic processes, including DNA synthesis, hematopoiesis, and neurological function. Here, we present a case study of a 73-year-old patient with severe acquired B12 deficiency anemia, hemolytic jaundice, glossitis, and funicular myelosis. The patient exhibited pronounced motor and sensory deficits, which significantly improved following treatment with cyanocobalamin. We highlight the clinical features, diagnostic considerations, and therapeutic outcomes of this case, emphasizing the importance of early recognition and intervention in B12 deficiency-related neurological disorders.
The Main Types of Linguistic and Speech Aggression in English and Uzbek languages
Authors: Shavkatovich Mukhamadiyev Aziz
Published: April 2024

Аbstrасt: This аrtiсle disсusses the mаin сhаrасteristiсs оf verbаl аnd nоnverbаl аggressiоn, аs well аs its types, whiсh саn be presented in the fоrm оf а tаble thаt summаrizes the views оf reseаrсhers оn this issue. The аggressiveness оf соmmuniсаtiоn is соnsidered, whiсh is determined, first оf аll, by the mоtives аnd gоаls оf the аggressоrs, аs well аs their psyсhоlоgiсаl аnd sосiаl rоles, whiсh аre refleсted in the соrrespоnding асtiоns оf the speаkers tо асhieve а сertаin negаtive result. The аrtiсle аnаlyzes the сhаrасteristiсs оf аn аggressive persоnаlity frоm а sосiо-psyсhоpаthоlоgiсаl pоint оf view, gives а definitiоn tо this phenоmenоn, whiсh саn be trасed in оntоgenesis tо identify the mаin сhаrасterоlоgiсаl prоperties аnd quаlities
WORD OF MOUTH! O PERCURSO COMPORTAMENTAL DOS USUÁRIOS NA SEÇÃO DE RESTAURANTES DA PLATAFORMA TRIPADVISOR
Authors: Barros José Eduardo de Melo , Costa Laura Maria Aguiar , Leal Janayna Souto , Baldanza Renata Francisco , Furtado Filho Robinson Madruga
Published: April 2024

Objetivo: Analisar o comportamento dos usuários da seção de restaurantes do Tripadvisor à luz da Teoria do Comportamento Planejado, considerando os antecedentes da intenção de fazer uso da plataforma e o seu efeito no comportamento de boca a boca. 

Método/abordagem: Pesquisa exploratório-dedutiva que verificou as relações entre construtos da TCP e de escalas de boca a boca. Os dados amostrais foram coletados através de um questionário, totalizando 111 respondentes, com procedimentos de análise exploratória preliminar, análise descritiva da amostra, testes de normalidade, análise fatorial confirmatória e modelagem de equações estruturais.

Principais Resultados: Observou-se a influência das opiniões nas normas subjetivas e na familiaridade com a plataforma. Ainda, as atitudes em relação à utilização da plataforma, as normas subjetivas e do controle percebido dos indivíduos como preditores da intenção de uso. E, por fim, a intenção de uso foi considerada como preditora do comportamento de emissão do boca a boca positivo.

Contribuições teóricas/práticas/sociais: Melhor compreensão teórica sobre as relações entre o papel do boca a boca recebido e da familiaridade nos antecedentes da intenção de buscar informações na plataforma Tripadvisor, assim como o efeito dessas intenções no comportamento de emitir boca a boca. Quanto à aplicação prática, têm implicações diretas para os proprietários e clientes de restaurantes, além da própria gestão da plataforma. No que concerne as contribuições sociais, a discussão sobre explorar de melhor maneira características “family friendly”, uma vez que famílias mais numerosas parecem não sofrer influência das avaliações no site.

Originalidade/relevância: Apesar da seção de Restaurantes da plataforma Tripadvisor ter sido objeto de estudos na literatura de turismo e hospitalidade, curiosamente, vem sendo preterida em comparação a outras seções na plataforma, mesmo existindo relevância deste tipo de tecnologia para micro e pequenos empreendimentos alimentares. Neste contexto, apresenta uma lacuna referente ao engajamento de consumidores em comportamentos de boca a boca, sobretudo no Brasil.
REFLEXIÓN CONCEPTUAL E HISTÓRICA DE LAS POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS Y EDUCATIVAS: ACCIONES Y DIRECCIONES DESDE LA CRITICIDAD
Authors: Guzmán Contreras Patricio
Published: April 2024

Las políticas públicas y educativas son conceptos más complejos que sólo lineamientos estatales. Podemos deconstruir nuestra realidad filosóficamente, analizando los términos desde la antigua Grecia y sus características evolutivas para comprender la actualidad. En un mundo de sistemas y poder, surge un enfoque que analiza las estructuras e intenciones del Estado. Así, desde un enfoque crítico estructuralista este ensayo tiene por objetivo reflexionar en torno a las políticas públicas y educativas comprendiendo su contexto histórico, su comprensión como fenómeno socio-cultural y la relevancia que ha tenido para la ciudadanía, destacando de forma sutil la situación de Chile a partir de la implementación del modelo neoliberal. Podemos establecer que el hombre desde la antigua Grecia tuvo la necesidad de educarse en sociedad, avanzando hasta institucionalizar la idea de Estado durante la era moderna. Entendiéndolo a través de la estructura nos permite reflexionar sobre el neoliberalismo –como sistema político y económico preponderante- y la forma en que ha afectado o actuado sobre la educación. Siendo esta una parte inherente de la dignidad humana dada por la razón.
AQUÍ FALTAN PROFESORAS Y PROFESORES: ESTUDIO DEL DÉFICIT DOCENTE EN LA REGIÓN DE TARAPACÁ
Authors: Nancuante Benavente Vivian , Rivera Olguín Patricio , Quintana Lara Marcela , Tapia Cabezas Bernardo , Valenzuela Iván , Ibacache Alexa , Carrasco Arriagada Ignacio
Published: April 2024

El presente artículo de reflexión se centra en poder considerar el proceso de déficit docente que tiene Chile, desde literatura científica y visualizar específicamente la región de Tarapacá mediante el trabajo de información primaria de entidades públicas. En este sentido, se hace necesario visibilizar y exponer algunos factores que inciden, presentando una situación multidimensional y dejar en descubierto las necesidades profesionales docentes que tendría nuestro sistema educativo y profundizar para estudios posteriores en un futuro cercano.
INFLUENCIA DE LAS COMPETENCIAS SOCIOEMOCIONALES, EN EL DESARROLLO DE LA FORMACIÓN POR COMPETENCIAS EN ESTUDIANTES DE EDUCACIÓN SUPERIOR
Authors: Ávila Pinto Perla , Núñez Sepúlveda Guiselle , Quitral San Martín Luis
Published: April 2024

La influencia de las competencias socioemocionales, en el desarrollo de la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior, resulta relevante, debido a que con ello se pueden crear estrategias de enseñanza que favorezcan y aumenten el rendimiento académico. Es por este motivo que el objetivo de este trabajo es fomentar la reflexión respecto al desarrollo de las competencias socioemocionales de los docentes y su incidencia en la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior. La razón fundamental para continuar la investigación sobre este tema, radica en la importancia de proporcionar una educación de calidad, basada en la formación por competencias, y cómo esto influye en el desarrollo de la formación por competencias en estudiantes de educación superior, se analiza desde el modelo Pentagonal de Competencias Emocionales de Rafael Bisquerra, quien plantea que la educación emocional es un constructo que abarca la formación integral de la persona. Por tanto, debe ser un complemento que responda y atienda las necesidades no sólo intelectuales, sino también sociales que a menudo quedan relegadas a un segundo plano en el ámbito académico.
The Characterization of Almost Prime Submodule on the 6 Finitely Generated Module over Principal Ideal Domain
Authors: Wardhana I Gede Adhitya Wisnu , Astuti Pudji , Muchtadi-Alamsyah Intan
Published: April 2024

In most cases, almost prime submodules are equivalent to prime submodules, but in a finitely generated module, it is not necessarily equivalent. Based on the fact that a finitely generated module over a principal ideal domain can be decomposed into a free part and a torsion part, we give a new approach to the characteristic of almost prime submodules in the finitely generated module, especially we point out the cases when the submodules are almost prime but not prime.
Green Probabilistic Inventory Model with Shortage Backordering, Carbon Emission Cost, and Imperfect Quality Items: A Newton-Raphson Method Approach Using Python
Authors: Setiawan Rubono
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a green inventory model has been developed to explain the relationship between a single manufacturer and many retailers in a multiplayer supply chain system. It is assumed that there exist some imperfect items in a quantity lot. In green inventory, one of the important issues is carbon emission with its cost to inventory management. Some troubles in the transportation process yield imperfect quality items. This trouble is the potential to increase the amount of carbon emission and some imperfect quality items. It also affects the cost of the inventory. Therefore, these two aspects will be analyzed under the shortage backorder policy. Due to the complexity of the model, the classical optimization methods cannot be used to determine the optimum values exactly. Therefore, formulation optimization is predominantly conducted using a numerical approach for finding partial derivatives and Newton-Raphson's method for finding the optimal solution. These methods are assisted by the Python programming language, operated within the Google Colab environment and Spyder (Python 3.8) using Anaconda environment.
Keberhasilan Komunitas dalam Pengelolaan Sampah: Studi Kasus Bank Sampah di Desa Sukowati
Authors: Prawisudawati Yuliya Eka , Kustanti Asihing , Toiba Hery
Published: April 2024

In the era of globalization and rapid population growth, waste management poses significant challenges to public health and environmental sustainability. This study focuses on the implementation of the Waste Bank in Sukowati Village, Bojonegoro District, as an innovative solution to tackle waste issues by transforming it into a valuable resource. Utilizing qualitative and descriptive approaches, the research examines the roles and strategies of RT 13 residents in Sukowati Village in managing the Waste Bank, encompassing the collection, sorting, and structured management of waste. Findings reveal that the Waste Bank not only facilitates more efficient waste management but also enhances environmental awareness and provides economic benefits to the community. Structured management, community education, and empowerment through collaboration among residents and with relevant stakeholders have proven effective in creating a cleaner, healthier, and more sustainable environment. This study underscores the importance of active community participation and sustainable practices in waste management.

Abstrak

Dalam era globalisasi dan pertumbuhan populasi yang cepat, pengelolaan sampah menjadi tantangan besar bagi kesehatan publik dan keberlanjutan lingkungan. Studi ini berfokus pada implementasi Bank Sampah di Desa Sukowati, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, sebagai inovasi untuk mengatasi permasalahan sampah dengan mengubahnya menjadi sumber daya yang bernilai. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif dan deskriptif, penelitian ini meneliti peran dan strategi warga RT 13 Desa Sukowati dalam pengelolaan Bank Sampah, termasuk pengumpulan, pemilahan, dan pengelolaan sampah secara terstruktur. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Bank Sampah tidak hanya membantu dalam pengelolaan sampah yang lebih efisien, tetapi juga meningkatkan kesadaran lingkungan dan memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat. Pengelolaan yang terstruktur, edukasi masyarakat, dan pemberdayaan komunitas melalui kerja sama antar warga dan dengan pihak terkait, terbukti efektif dalam menciptakan lingkungan yang lebih bersih, sehat, dan berkelanjutan. Studi ini menggarisbawahi pentingnya partisipasi aktif masyarakat dan praktik berkelanjutan dalam pengelolaan sampah.
Anglicising the Egyptian song: Arabic-English switching in Egyptian Arabic
Authors: Abdelreheem Hasnaa
Published: April 2024

In light of the presence of English in the Egyptian everyday life activities on various syntactic levels, this study is an attempt to approach borrowing and code-switching in Egyptian music from the dominance of linguistic system perspective. The study aimed to determine whether the Arabicâ€“English switching instances in Egyptian music are borrowed forms or code-switches. In addition, it is an attempt to investigate the syntactic categories and types of switches to English as well as the contextual and functional reasons behind the switches through the observation of the relationship between the switches and the theme/situation/context where they appeared in the corpus. The data selected for the quantitative and qualitative analyses constituted a sample of five Egyptian songs that tackle youth-related themes and issues, not addressed in the mainstream music. The instances of borrowing the corpus provided indicated that the phonological and morphological adaptation to Egyptian Colloquial Arabic patterns occur across a continuum (from full integration to no integration) in the form of three strategies: â€œdirect insertionsâ€, â€œindirect insertionsâ€ and â€œlight borrowingâ€. Two types of code-switching (â€œinter-sentential code-switchingâ€ and â€œintra-sentential code-switchingâ€) were employed in two songs out of the five selected. The analyses indicated that English continues to serve as a source language for technology, social media and fashion-related diction that have found their way towards playing a vital role in everyday life communication among young Egyptians, including monolinguals and less proficient bilinguals.
Validez de instrumentos de reconocimiento y de síntesis de información para detección de aprendizajes significativos de ciencias según la teoría de ausubel con estudiantes de grado noveno de secundaria
Authors: Salamanca Meneses Ximena , Hernández Suárez Cesar Augusto , Gamboa Suárez Audin Aloiso
Published: April 2024

El presente estudio se basó en indagar ¿Cuál de los dos instrumentos utilizados en la enseñanza del grado noveno, muestra mayor validez para detectar el aprendizaje significativo en las Ciencias Naturales, según la teoría de Ausubel?; esto, en la Institución Educativa Samoré, municipio de Toledo, departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia. Se empleó la investigación cuantitativa – causi experimental, con veinte estudiantes del referido curso y plantel, así como la prueba de medias t de Student, usada a partir de las calificaciones obtenidas en cada prueba con escala de valoración de 0 a 10. Los resultados indicaron la diferencia entre los instrumentos de enseñanza, gracias a que las pruebas de opción múltiple favorecen la evaluación cuantitativa y, los mapas conceptuales la evaluación cualitativa. Se concluyó que existen diferencias significativas en la validez que tienen los instrumentos de síntesis de información e instrumentos de reconocimiento de la información para la de detección del aprendizaje significativo de Ciencias Naturales que incluye las asignaturas Biología, Química y Física según la teoría de Ausubel, en los estudiantes de grado noveno. Esto se evidenció porque las pruebas de reconocimiento de información tienen mayor grado de validez que las pruebas de mapas conceptuales
The effect of audit team and audit committee performance on the quality of audit
Authors: Flayyih Hakeem Hammood , Hadi Hala Ayyed , Al-Shiblawi Ghazwan Ayad Khalid , Khiari Wided
Published: April 2024

The study investigates the impact of audit committee performance (ACP) and audit team (AT) characteristics on audit quality. The research problem emerges when we question whether the characteristics of audit committees (ACs) impact audit quality. Additionally, an inquiry arises regarding the influence of the characteristics of the audit (CAT) team within the audit offices of Iraqi audit firms (AFs) on the audit quality. ACP characteristics include the number of members, independent members, financial and accounting experience of committee members, meeting frequency, and the presentation of financial annual reports (FARs) and auditor’s reports. CAT encompasses the team’s number, experience and industrial specialization (EIS), auditor’s judgment, and time required for audit tasks. We relied on a study (Husain, 2020; Alderman & Jollineau, 2020; Al-taee & Flayyih, 2022) in the study model design. The sample comprises 82 firms from the Iraq Stock Exchange with disclosed financial reports (2021–2022). The results reveal that the presentation of FARs and the industrial specialization and experience of CAT significantly influence audit quality, while other variables show no significant impact.
Droplet digital PCR technique is ultrasensitive for the quantification of covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) in the blood of chronic HBV-infected patients
Authors: Trehanpati Nirupama , Singh Ravinder , Ramakrishna Gayatri , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Rahul , Gupta Ekta , Rastogi Archana , Tanwar Pranay , Sarin Shiv Kumar
Published: April 2024

Covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) is a stable, episomal form of
HBV DNA. cccDNA is a true marker for the intrahepatic events in
controlled CHB infection. Quantifying cccDNA is critical for monitoring
disease progression and efficacy of anti-viral therapies. To standardize
the method, total HBV DNA was isolated from HepAD38 cells and digested
with three exonuclease enzymes to remove linear and relaxed circular HBV
DNA. Purified cccDNA quantification used ddPCR with specific primers.
Treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B virus patients (nCHBV, n=36) with
detectable HBV DNA and HBsAg, were grouped by HBsAg levels: Group I
(HBsAg < 2000 IU/ml, n=11) and Group II
(HBsAg > 2000 IU/ml, n=25). cccDNA,
HBV DNA and HBsAg, were quantified in plasma and compared between
groups. Correlation with clinical/histopathological features was done.
Non-digested 3.6 10 tet
HepAD38 cells showed 316 copies/µl of total viral
DNA. After digesting the linear, integrated, and relaxed circular DNA
with triple enzymes, 15 copies/µl of cccDNA were detected. Similarly,
after DNA digestion, HBsAg patients showed a median
of 8.5 copies/µl (IQR 2.75-9.75 copies/µl), and HBsAg
gave a median of 11 copies/µl (IQR 4-16 copies/µl)
but with no significant difference between groups (p=0.093). Further,
HBsAg patients with low cccDNA copy numbers showed
significantly higher fibrosis grades than HBsAg
(p=0.036). We conclude that employing a combined approach utilizing
three exonucleases, cccDNA-specific primers, and ddPCR enables the
detection of cccDNA copies even in patients exhibiting low levels of
HBsAg and HBV DNA. This integrated method offers additional validation
as a surrogate diagnostic tool.
Circulating metabolites are associated with persistent elevations of ALT in patients with chronic hepatitis B with complete viral suppression
Authors: Sun Jian , Zheng Dekai , Cheng Changhao , Tang Yanhua , Fang Zhixin , Gao Xuelian , Chen Yuchuan , Qiuhong * , Wang Kaifeng , Zhou Heqi , Lan Zhixian
Published: April 2024

Background & Aims: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) can be completely
suppressed after antiviral treatment; however, some patients with
chronic hepatitis B (CHB) still exhibit elevated alanine
aminotransferase (ALT) levels and sustained disease progression. The aim
of this study was to provide novel insights into the mechanism and
potential predictive biomarkers of persistently elevated ALT (PeALT) in
patients with CHB after complete viral inhibition. Methods: CHB
Patients with undetectable HBV DNA at least 12 months after antiviral
treatment were enrolled from a prospective, observational cohort.
Correlations between plasma metabolites and the risk of elevated ALT
were examined using multivariate logistic regression. Results:
Of the 1238 patients with CHB who achieved complete viral suppression,
40 (3.23%) had PeALT levels during follow-up (median follow-up: 2.42
years). Additionally, 40 patients with persistently normal ALT (PnALT)
levels were matched 1:1 as controls. Ser-Phe-Ala (variable importance in
projection [VIP] = 4.28), Lys-Ala-Leu-Glu (VIP = 4.49),
3-methylhippuric acid (VIP = 3.04), 3-methylxanthine (VIP = 2.62), and
7-methylxanthine (VIP = 3.35) were identified as critical differential
metabolites between the two groups and independently associated with
PeALT risk. Ser-Phe-Ala and Lys-Ala-Leu-Glu levels could be used to
discriminate patients with PeALT from those with PnALT. Furthermore,
N-acetyl-l-methionine (NALM) demonstrated the strongest negative
correlation with ALT levels. NALM supplementation alleviated liver
injury and hepatic necrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride in mice.
Conclusions: Changes in circulating metabolites may contribute
to PeALT levels in patients with CHB who have achieved complete viral
suppression after antiviral treatment.
Reference-free mito-metagenomics using deep-learning method
Authors: Xue Qing , Karlicki Michał , Guo Fan , Karnkowska Anna , Li Hongmei
Published: April 2024

The mito-metagenomics (MMG) approach inovolves directly sequencing
pooled samples, yields numerous mitochondrial reads that can be
assembled into full or partial mitogenomes. This method circumvents the
challenges associated with PCR-based metabarcoding and hold significant
promise in biodiversity and phylogeny study. However, a reference
database is typically required to extract mito-reads/contigs and provide
taxonomic or phylogenetic context, thereby limiting its applicability.
In this study, we introduced a novel reference-free pipeline for MMG
assembly. This approach involves assembling raw reads, utilizing a
prebuilt deep-learning model to identify and extract mitochondrial
contigs, and subsequently predicting and annotating protein coding
genes. This pipeline has been integrated into a snakemake workflow,
enabling the generation of output that is readily usable for phylogeny
reconstruction in a single run. The performance tests have indicated
that this new approach surpasses reference-based methods in soil
nematode community profiling. The taxa that remain unrecovered can be
attributed to various factors such as low DNA quantity and unsuccessful
DNA extraction. We have demonstrated that assembly quality improves with
increasing sequencing depth, recommending an average of 1–2 Gb per
species to achieve acceptable MMG assembly. Our pipeline presents an
opportunity to create high-resolution phylogenies and assess diversity
for poorly understood taxa, including neglected microscopic eukaryotes.
This advancement opens up avenues for enhanced understanding and
exploration of these lesser-known organisms.
Influence of calibration parameters on extracting S-parameters of microwave probe
Authors: FENG NANXUAN , LIU Fuhan , Zhou Fuhui
Published: April 2024

The microwave probe is an important measurement fixture for monolithic
microwave integrated circuit (MMIC). The S-parameter of the probe
significantly affects the accuracy of the chip test in the de-embedding
test. In this paper, a probe S-parameter extraction method is proposed
by considering the influence of all calibration parameters. The results
of different microwave probes and calibration kits are compared. The
effect of each calibration parameter on the S-parameter of the probe is
evaluated.
Philosophical ideas as the quintessence of the understanding of neuroscience
Authors: Dimitrov Alexander
Published: April 2024

In this article the author intends to expose the link between philosophy
and neuroscience. Several cases are considered as illustrations.
Conservation of matter allows everything to be expressed in terms of
(integro)-differential equations, also known as the continuity equation.
Theoretically, an idea associated with any process may impose its own
framework. The mechanism of action potential generation proposed by
Hodgkin and Huxley has introduced voltage-gated ionic channels. Thus a
framework has been established, where all possible channels as well as
pumps and transporters that supply corresponding ionic gradients have to
be experimentally identified together with their possible features. With
the mechanism of resting state formation recently proposed by the
author, an example of a possible future framework of intercellular
direct energy transfer has been presented. However, a full description
of the (integro)-differential equations at some point in time does not
mean a complete description of all the processes that may take place,
nor does it provide understanding of each individual process. Therefore,
three layers reflecting equations, processes and understanding could be
outlined. Understanding of the processes could be formulated as a
philosophical idea. A list of such ideas to a great extent reflects our
understanding of the field. Philosophical ideas are thus able both to
give more details in the structure of the description of the
(integro)-differential equations and to reflect the understanding of the
processes that develop and evolve in these equations.
CORRELATION BETWEEN OLFACTION AND NASAL MUCOSA CONTRACTILITY IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS WITHOUT NASAL POLYPS
Authors: Jin Sheng , Yu Sihan , Cui Ya-ning , Bai Shangjie
Published: April 2024

Objectives This study explores how nasal structure and mucosal
contractility in CRSsNP patients relate to and potentially affect their
olfactory function.. Design and Setting The subjective olfactory
function of the patients was assessed using the Sniffin’ Stick test.
Patients with an olfactory total score of ≤27 were classified into the
olfactory disorder group, while those with an olfactory total score of
>27 were classified into the normal olfactory function
group. Participants Patients diagnosed with Chronic Rhinosinusitis
without Nasal Polyps (CRSsNP) at our hospital’s Department of
Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery. Main outcome measures
Acoustic Rhinometry (AR) was employed to assess the patients’ nasal
cavity structure and nasal mucosal contractility. Results No significant
differences were found in gender, age, smoking history, and nasal
function indicators between the normal olfaction and olfactory disorder
groups (P > 0.05). After controlling for age, olfaction was
negatively correlated with nasal mucosal contractility (ΔNV2-5). In the
normal olfaction group, olfactory threshold was positively correlated
with ΔNV2-5 (P < 0.01), while no significant correlation was
observed in the olfactory disorder group. Multiple linear regression
analysis revealed that age and NV2-5 were negatively correlated with
total olfactory score. Conclusions The reduction of olfaction in CRSsNP
patients does not affect the contractility and relaxation functions of
the nasal mucosa.As the nasal cavity volume increases, the sensitivity
of olfaction in CRSsNP patients actually decreases.The relative
stability of the nasal mucosa in CRSsNP patients allows their olfactory
cognitive ability to reach its optimal state.
A review of minimum surgeon volumes in ENT
Authors: Hulse Kate
Published: April 2024

Minimum surgeon volumes have been introduced in multiple specialties in
the UK with the aim of improving patient outcomes. This includes
endocrine surgery, pertinent to ENT surgeons performing thyroid and
parathyroid surgery, where a minimum annual workload of 20 cases is
recommended. Further implementation of minimum surgeon volumes could
lead to substantial changes to service provision, including
centralisation of procedures, turf wars between specialties, an
accelerated shift of elective surgery to the private sector and a
disproportionate impact on female surgeons.
Battery monitoring system at the edge
Authors: AAF dos Santos , RH Alonso , RS Simplício , MK Zuffo
Published: April 2024

This paper studies how an edge recurrent neural network can improve a
Battery Monitoring System (BMS). The proposed monitoring measures
current, voltage, and temperature and infers the State of Charge (SoC)
and State of Health (SoH) values through machine learning in an embedded
system. The study relies on two test cases: a theoretical one using
NASA’s battery dataset, where the high volume of data is best suited for
a study, and a second one with a system built in the University of São
Paulo where this paper can analyze more profound the practical results
of its use. This system of the second test case consists of peripheral
sensors integrated into an Internet of Things (IoT) platform, sending
the data collected from a VRLA battery to a Single Board Computer (SBC)
via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE). The edge SBC concentrates this received
data - from one or more IoT nodes - generating new data for supervision
and enabling control. The SBC communicates with a Web server in a
one-way route to send the battery data without any data request. The
algorithm developed for the SoC uses a dense recursive network with Mean
Absolute Error (MAE) up to 0.2, and for SoC above 10%, the Mean
Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) can reach 0.16%. As an SoH calculation
method, the battery replacement performs the methodology when the
capacity reaches 80% of its nominal capacity. It is essential to
highlight that these results are from a devices with limited hardware
availability without cloud communication.
Prevalence and Main-string of Self Medication of Over-the-counter Drugs among Medical Students of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan: A community-based cross-sectional study.
Authors: Khan Zoha , Adil Talha , Kantt Sara Bashir , Mughal Zarqa , Kiyani Mohtada Fatima , Tabassum Nelofer Shehnaz
Published: April 2024

Background: Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are widely
available in the market without a prescription. Pain, coughs and colds,
diarrhoea, constipation, acne, and other ailments are all treated with
over-the-counter medications. The implications of such actions should
always be made clear to the community, along with efforts to prevent
them. Objective: This assessment aims to evaluate AJK medical
students’ knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours around self-medication
using over-the-counter (OTC) medications. Methods: A study was
carried out with AJK medical students. Through WhatsApp, an online
survey was sent to the students of the first year to fifth year of each
of the four medical colleges in AJK. The information was gathered in
2023 between June 25 and July 31,. Applying SPSS-25, data analysis was
done. Results: 372 individuals reported their responses. Last
year, 65.3% of people practiced self-medication. Analgesics and
antipyretics were the most often used medications (55.9%). Fever,
discomfort, and toothache were the symptoms that medical students
self-medicated for the most (58.1%). Conclusion: In a nutshell
self-medication with OTC medications is a contemporary issue. Medical
students who lack the necessary clinical expertise and understanding to
self-medicate. They alter the course of therapy frequently in order to
suit their schedules, which lowers the effectiveness of the medications.
Validating hidden Markov models for seabird behavioural inference
Authors: Akeresola Rebecca , King Ruth , Robertson Gail , Butler Adam , Elvira Víctor , Jones Esther , Black Julie
Published: April 2024

Understanding animal movement and behaviour can aid spatial planning and
inform conservation management. However, it is difficult to directly
observe behaviours in remote and hostile terrain such as the marine
environment. Behaviours can be inferred from telemetry data using hidden
Markov models (HMMs), but model predictions are not typically validated
due to difficulty obtaining ‘ground truth’ behavioural information. We
investigate the accuracy of HMM-inferred behaviours by considering a
unique dataset provided by Joint Nature Conservation Committee. The data
consist of simultaneous proxy movement tracks of the boat (defined as
visual tracks as birds are followed by eye) and seabird behaviour
obtained at the same time-frequency by observers on the boat. We use
these data to assess whether (i) visual track is a good proxy for true
bird locations in relation to HMM-inferred behaviours, and (ii) inferred
behaviours from HMMs fitted to visual tracking data accurately represent
true behaviours as identified by behavioural observations taken from the
boat. We demonstrate that visual tracking data can be regarded as a good
proxy for true movement data of birds in terms of similarity in inferred
behaviours. Accuracy of HMMs ranging from 71% to 87% during
chick-rearing and 54% to 70% during incubation was generally
insensitive to model choice, even when AIC values varied substantially
across different models. Finally, we show that for foraging, a state of
primary interest for conservation purposes, identified missed foraging
bouts lasted for only a few seconds. We conclude that HMMs fitted to
tracking data can accurately identify important conservation-relevant
behaviours, demonstrated using visual tracking data. Therefore,
confidence in using HMMs for behavioural inference should increase even
when validation data are unavailable. This has important implications
for animal conservation, where the size and location of protected areas
are often informed by behaviours identified using HMMs fitted to
movement data.
Study on uniformity of multi-needle electrostatic spinning by auxiliary flow field
Authors: Rongguang Zhang , Xun Chen , Han Wang , Jun Zeng , Xuanzhi Zhang , Xiaojie Chen
Published: April 2024

Multi-needle electrospinning is a simple and general method for mass
preparation of nanofiber membranes, which has great industrial
potential. However, due to the bending instability produced in the
process of electrospinning, the deposition uniformity of the nanofibers
has been very worrying, resulting in uneven nanofiber films, which
seriously affects the batch application of electrospinning films in
environmental filtration, new energy and medical fields. In order to
improve the uniformity of nanofiber deposition in multi-needle
electrospinning, we propose an auxiliary flow field system (AFF), which
can effectively improve the non-uniformity of nanofiber deposition.
After image processing of electrospun nanofiber films, we quantified the
uniformity of fiber deposition with the index of gray distribution, and
verified the effectiveness of this method. Combined with the
multi-physical field analysis of the experimental model, the influence
mechanism of cross-wind field on the uniformity of fiber deposition was
revealed. By optimizing the experimental parameters, the non-uniformity
of nanofiber deposition was reduced by 49. 19%.
Psychometric Validation of Patients' Health Questionnaire of Obstetric Fistula Patients in Nigeria's North-west Region
Authors: Makinde Gabriel Ifeoluwa , Uchendu Obioma C. , Adeoti Hadiza
Published: April 2024

Nigeria is among the highest contributor to global prevalence of
obstetrics fistula (OF) and weak health care policies and services have
left the victims reeling in untold psycho-social and physical
morbidities. This study was aimed at assessing the psychometric
properties of a globally used Patients’ Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)
among these patients. A descriptive cross-sectional study design was
employed to study the fertility desires, mental health and patients’
quality of life among women with obstetric fistula in three selected OF
centers in Northwestern region of Nigeria. Using two-stage sampling
technique four hundred twenty (420) OF patients were recruited into the
study. Maximum likelihood (ML) factor analysis was deployed to produce
latent factors from the responses to the PHQ-9 scale, internal
reliability and construct validity were determined by Cronbach alpha
values while comparative mean analysis was used to validate standardized
scores of the derived PHQ-9 scale factors against socio-demographic and
obstetric characteristics. Mean age and standard deviation of
respondents were 26.4±8.4 years as 60% aged between 20-25 years. The
married, divorced and those in polygamous were 45%, 47.1% and 73.6%
respectively. More than half (55.5%) were traders while majority
(89.8%) earned NGN4500 or less monthly. Three factors of somatic (r=
0.72-0.82; α=0.86), non-somatic (r= 0.64-0.76; α=0.77) and affective (r=
0.64-0.96; α=0.74) constructs emerged from the ML factor analysis.
Patients of ages 20-25 years, divorced/single and widows, the formally
educated and farmers significantly differed with high scores of the
affective construct of the PHQ-9 scale. Those who had more than four
pregnancies and greater than a single stillbirths significantly differed
with affective symptoms (0.29±0.90; 0.69±0.9 The 15-17 year olds at
first birth and those who waited more than ten years for OF surgical
repairs differed with non-somatic symptoms’ construct of the PHQ-9 scale
(0.21±1.04; 0.31±0.87) significantly differed with affective factors.
The PHQ-9 instrument exhibited possibility of being used to assess the
quality of OF patients’ mental health. Future studies could expand the
sample size to accommodate advanced inferential psychometric methods.