bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The asymmetry, uncertainty, and the long term
Authors: Thomas Teruji
Published: November 2022

The asymmetry is the view in population ethics that, while we ought to avoid creating additional bad lives, there is no requirement to create additional good ones. The question is how to embed this intuitively compelling view in a more complete normative theory, and in particular one that treats uncertainty in a plausible way. While arguing against existing approaches, I present new and general principles for thinking about welfarist choice under uncertainty. Together, these reduce arbitrary choices to uncertainty‐free ones, regardless of how the latter should be made. I illustrate these principles by developing two theories of the asymmetry, reflecting different views about the non‐identity problem. In doing so, I clarify some other major choice‐points, presenting new arguments that creating additional good lives can justify (but not require) doing harm. Finally, I consider what the developed theories have to say about the importance of extinction risk and the long‐run future.
Letter from Colombia
Authors: Mantilla Flórez Yesid Fabián , Uribe Yei Alberto Jaimes
Published: November 2022

See Special Series: LEADING WOMEN IN RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
THEODICY AND WHAT COULD BE OTHERWISE: A RESPONSE TO CHRISTOPHER SOUTHGATE
Authors: Davison Andrew
Published: November 2022

In June 2022, Christopher Southgate delivered the Boyle Lecture for that year at St Mary‐le‐Bow, in the City of London, on the theme of evolutionary theodicy. This article contains the text of the short talk and vote of thanks delivered in response that evening.
The Jones polynomial from a Goeritz matrix
Authors: Boninger Joe
Published: November 2022

We give an explicit algorithm for calculating the Kauffman bracket of a link diagram from a Goeritz matrix for that link. Further, we show how the Jones polynomial can be recovered from a Goeritz matrix when the corresponding checkerboard surface is orientable, or when more information is known about its Gordon–Litherland form. In the process we develop a theory of Goeritz matrices for cographic matroids, which extends the bracket polynomial to any symmetric integer matrix. We place this work in the context of links in thickened surfaces.
Energy-Economic and Exergy-Environment Performance Evaluation of Compact Heat Exchanger With Turbulator Passive Inserts Using THDNF
Authors: Kumar Vikash , Sahoo Rashmi Rekha
Published: November 2022

Technology innovation requires advanced heat transporting techniques to fulfill better exergy and economic behavior of compact air heat exchangers (HXs). Three different turbulator inserts, TTIs, PTTIs, and DTTIs (twisted turbulator inserts, perforated twisted turbulator inserts, and dimpled twisted turbulator inserts, respectively), are used in air HX on the tube side as a passive technique for heat transfer enhancement. The present investigation deals with the exergo-economic with a sustainable analysis of air HX utilizing several water-based tripartite hybrid nanofluids (THdNFs), formed from three different nanoparticles intermixing, six different compositions based on the structure of nanoparticles, and three various turbulator placed to the tube core of HX. The detailed investigation of 4Es and sustainability of the device are investigated under various operating conditions. Results disclosed that nanofluid alone is not enough for energy and exergy improvement. However, turbulator passive device inserts in HX with THdNF show a remarkable improvement in thermal and thermohydraulic performance. The DTTI passive device in plain tubes using THdNF 5(Al2O3 + TiO2 + graphene–water) results in the highest 27% overall coefficient, 24.7% exergy change, 6.4% exergy efficiency, 7.4% performance index, and higher sustainability index at lowest Reynolds number than without inserts. Meanwhile, turbulator inserts yield to most increased 91.4% operating cost and equivalent CO2 emissions to the environment. Investigation revealed that the passive device DTTI with THdNF 5(Al2O3 + TiO2 + graphene–water) as a working fluid is likely to be preferred due to the highest performance evaluation criteria (PEC) ranges 2.3–2.45 for the same power, and the least preferred working fluid would be THdNF 2 (Al2O3 + Fe2O3 + SiC–water) due to its high operating cost.
Heat-Pipe-Assisted Air Cooling of Lithium-Titanate Prismatic Battery
Authors: Shinde Prakash S. , Naik Pratik
Published: November 2022

The battery thermal management system (BTMS) is essential for lithium-ion batteries. At high application loads, excessive heat generation reduces the battery performance drastically and is also dangerous if the temperature of the battery is not maintained under limits. The heat pipe is a heat exchanger device with very high thermal conductivity. The present study was an attempt to find the effectiveness of the heat pipe attached to the battery under air cooling to reduce the temperature of the battery. The heat pipe can be flattened and bent hence it is very useful to extract heat from one place to another at a larger distance. In this paper, various arrangements of heat pipes with the lithium-titanate prismatic battery were considered with different wick porosity (0.45–0.7) as well as air velocity (3–8 m/s) and have discussed its effect on the temperature distribution of the battery. The present study about heat-pipe-assisted air cooling showed that out of six different configurations, four heat pipes with wick porosity 0.7, attached at the middle of two large surfaces of the lithium-titanate oxide (LTO) battery can reduce the maximum temperature below 40 °C and differential temperature below 5 °C of a single prismatic battery with airflow at 3 m/s when it was getting discharged at 8 C rating for 446 s.
Thermal Behavior of Conical Friction Element Under Different Contact Pressure Boundaries
Authors: Wang Yanzhong , Dou Delong , Meng Xiangwen , Zhang Wenshuo
Published: November 2022

The high temperature generated on the contact interfaces of the conical friction element in clutches due to the sliding frictional heat should be responsible for the synchronization failure. In this study, an analytic model taking account of the capsizing moment and stress singularity at the end of the contact interface is established to solve the contact pressure distribution. Then, a three-dimensional finite element model has been developed to analyze the transient thermal behavior of the conical friction element. The contact pressure and temperature distribution generated along the contact interfaces are investigated and compared between the proposed new model, the combined wear assumption, and the uniform pressure assumption. Furthermore, the variations in temperature obtained from the new model and the other two assumptions are compared to the experimental results. The results show that the temperature simulated by the new model has a good agreement with reality. The maximum temperatures obtained by the new model are 95.53 °C and 71.67 °C, and the measured values are respectively 84.98 °C and 65.46 °C at the measuring position under the given two working conditions.
Functional consequences of extended high frequency hearing impairment: Evidence from the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale
Authors: Saxena Udit , Mishra Srikanta K. , Rodrigo Hansapani , Choudhury Moumita
Published: November 2022

Hearing loss in the extended high frequencies, despite a normal audiogram, could affect speech-in-noise recognition. However, it is not known if extended high frequency (EHF) hearing loss is associated with everyday listening and communication deficits. The present study aimed to determine the functional effects of impaired EHF hearing among adults using the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). A secondary objective was to evaluate the relationship between objective (speech-in-noise recognition) and subjective (SSQ) measures of hearing function. Listeners with EHF hearing loss provided lower SSQ ratings compared with their EHF-normal counterparts. The lower ratings could not be attributed to the age or standard audiogram of the listeners. Ratings from more than 50% of EHF-impaired listeners were below the 2 SD cutoff point obtained from EHF-normal listeners. The mean speech recognition threshold was poorer for EHF-impaired listeners, and a poorer speech recognition threshold was associated with lower SSQ ratings, i.e., poorer self-reported hearing ability. For some listeners, EHF hearing loss could be the missing link between self-reported hearing difficulty in the presence of a normal audiogram. These findings provide evidence for the functional deficits associated with EHF hearing loss and invoke the need for future investigations into the management of EHF loss.
Role of micellar entanglements on kinetics of shear banding flow formation
Authors: Rassolov Peter , Mohammadigoushki Hadi
Published: November 2022

We investigate the effects of micellar entanglement number on the kinetics of shear banding flow formation in a Taylor–Couette flow. Three sets of wormlike micellar solutions, each set with a similar fluid elasticity and zero-shear-rate viscosity, but with varying entanglement densities, are studied under the startup of steady shear. Our experiments indicate that in the set with low fluid elasticity, the transient shear banding flow is characterized by the formation of a transient flow reversal in a range of entanglement densities. Outside of this range, the transient flow reversal is not observed. For the sets of medium and high elasticities, the transient flow reversals exist for relatively small entanglement densities and disappear for large entanglement densities. Our analysis shows that wall slip and elastic instabilities do not affect the transient flow feature. We identify a correlation between micellar entanglement number, the width of the stress plateau, and the extent of the transient flow reversal. As the micellar entanglement number increases, the width of the stress plateau first increases; then, at a higher micellar entanglement number, the plateau width decreases. Therefore, we hypothesize that the transient flow reversal is connected to the micellar entanglement number through the width of the stress plateau.
Lancemaside A from Codonopsis lanceolata: Studies on Antiviral Activity and Mechanism of Action against SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants of Concern
Authors: Kim Tai Young , Jeon Sangeun , Ko Meehyun , Du Young Eun , Son So-Ri , Jang Dae Sik , Kim Seungtaek , Lee C. Justin
Published: November 2022

Several plant-derived natural products with anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity have been evaluated for the potential to serve as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of COVID-19.
Codonopsis lanceolata
(CL) has long been used as a medicinal herb in East Asian countries to treat inflammatory diseases of the respiratory system but its antiviral activity has not been investigated so far. Here, we showed that CL extract and its active compound lancemaside A (LA) displayed potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 infection using a pseudotyped SARS-CoV-2 entry assay system.
Preassembled Cas9 Ribonucleoprotein-Mediated Gene Deletion Identifies the Carbon Catabolite Repressor and Its Target Genes in Coprinopsis cinerea
Authors: Pareek Manish , Hegedüs Botond , Hou Zhihao , Csernetics Árpád , Wu Hongli , Virágh Máté , Sahu Neha , Liu Xiao-Bin , Nagy László
Published: November 2022

Mushroom-forming fungi include some of the most efficient lignocellulosic plant biomass degraders. They degrade dead plant materials by a battery of lignin-, cellulose-, hemicellulose-, and pectin-degrading enzymes, the encoding genes of which are under tight transcriptional control.
Role of the
fsr
Quorum-Sensing System in Enterococcus faecalis Bloodstream Infection
Authors: Yue Jinglin , Hua Mingxi , Chen Nan , Li Jiarui , Liu Xinzhe , Duan Ang , Wang Huizhu , Du Pengcheng , Rong Chengbo , Yang Duo , Chen Chen
Published: November 2022

First, we conducted an advanced study on the genomic differences between colonizing and infecting
E. faecalis
, which provides support and evidence for early and accurate diagnoses. Second, we discovered that
fsr
was significantly associated with blood infections, which also provides additional information for studies exploring the invasiveness of
E. faecalis
. Most importantly, we found that
fsr
played an important role in both biofilm formation and serum resistance ability in
E. faecalis
.
Monkeypox Virus Infections in Humans
Authors: Elsayed Sameer , Bondy Lise , Hanage William P.
Published: November 2022

Human monkeypox is a viral zoonosis endemic to West and Central Africa that has recently generated increased interest and concern on a global scale as an emerging infectious disease threat in the midst of the slowly relenting COVID-2019 disease pandemic. The hallmark of infection is the development of a flu-like prodrome followed by the appearance of a smallpox-like exanthem.
Mucosal Infection with Unmasked Candida albicans Cells Impacts Disease Progression in a Host Niche-Specific Manner
Authors: Wagner Andrew S. , Vogel Amanda K. , Lumsdaine Stephen W. , Phillips Elise K. , Willems Hubertine M. E. , Peters Brian M. , Reynolds Todd B.
Published: November 2022

Shielding the immunogenic cell wall epitope β(1, 3)-glucan under an outer layer of mannosylated glycoproteins is an essential virulence factor deployed byCandida albicansduring systemic infection. Accordingly, mutants with increased β(1, 3)-glucan exposure (unmasking) display increased immunostimulatory capabilitiesin vitroand attenuated virulence during systemic infection in mice.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Can Diversify after Host Cell Invasion to Establish Multiple Intracellular Niches
Authors: Kumar Naren G. , Nieto Vincent , Kroken Abby R. , Jedel Eric , Grosser Melinda R. , Hallsten Mary E. , Mettrucio Matteo M. E. , Yahr Timothy L. , Evans David J. , Fleiszig Suzanne M. J.
Published: November 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosacan cause sight- and life-threatening opportunistic infections, and its evolving antibiotic resistance is a growing concern. MostP. aeruginosastrains can invade host cells, presenting a challenge to therapies that do not penetrate host cell membranes.
Why Molnupiravir Fails in Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Brown Ashley N. , Lang Yinzhi , Zhou Jieqiang , Franco Evelyn J. , Hanrahan Kaley C. , Bulitta Juergen B. , Drusano George L.
Published: November 2022

In this study, we showed that early intervention with molnupiravir resulted in a greater antiviral effect, and we explained the mechanism behind this phenomenon. Our results predicted and explained the failure of molnupiravir in hospitalized patients and highlighted the utility of preclinical pharmacodynamic studies to design optimal antiviral regimens for the treatment of viral diseases.
Complete Genome Sequence of a Genotype 3 Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Strain (OKN/2021) from Okinawa Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Ikeda Keigo , Miyazawa Kohtaro , Takagi Michihiro , Tomochi Hisayuki , Ishii Keiko , Araki Miho , Iwamaru Yoshifumi
Published: November 2022

We report the complete genome sequence of atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) OKN/2021, which was sampled in the Okinawa Prefecture, Japan. The sequence bears the closest resemblance to another previously detected Japanese genotype 3 APPV sequence. This genome sequencing will help researchers in Japan learn more about the virus epidemiology and evolutionary characteristics.
Draft Genomes of 92
Vibrio
Isolates from Warm-Water Shrimps Imported into Canada between 2009 and 2019
Authors: Teixeira Januana S. , Dussault Forest , Hoover Emily , Shay Julie A. , Weedmark Kelly , Banerjee Swapan K.
Published: November 2022

Vibrio
spp. were isolated from raw shrimps imported into Canada (2009 to 2019). A total of 92 isolates with various multidrug resistance profiles were sequenced, including 59
V. parahaemolyticus
, 12
V. diabolicus
, 10
V. cholerae
, 7
V. alginolyticus
, 1
V. campbellii
, 1
V. harveyi
, 1
V. owensii
, and 1
V. vulnificus
isolate.
Coding Complete Genome Sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 Virus Strain, Variant B.1.1, Sampled from Kazakhstan
Authors: Burashev Yerbol , Usserbayev Bekbolat , Kutumbetov Lespek , Abduraimov Yergali , Kassenov Markhabat , Kerimbayev Aslan , Myrzakhmetova Balzhan , Melisbek Aibarys , Shirinbekov Meirzhan , Khaidarov Saken , Tulman Edan R.
Published: November 2022

This article describes the results of sequencing and analysis of the entire genome of the SARS-CoV-2 virus sampled in Kazakhstan in 2021. The whole-genome sequence of the strain was 29,751 bp. According to the results of phylogenetic analysis (according to the Pangolin COVID-19 database), the SARS-CoV-2/human/KAZ/B1.1/2021 strain studied here was assigned to variant B.1.1.
Control of Human Anelloviruses by Cytosine to Uracil Genome Editing
Authors: Timmerman Anne L. , Kaczorowska Joanna , Deijs Martin , Bakker Margreet , van der Hoek Lia
Published: November 2022

Despite significant attention on anellovirus research, the interaction between the anellovirus virome and the human host remains unknown. We show the dynamics of APOBEC3-mediated cytidine deaminase activity on anelloviruses during a 30-year period of chronic infection and postulate that this antiviral mechanism controls anelloviruses. These results expand our knowledge of anellovirus-host interactions, which may be important for the design of gene therapies.
Serum Fc-Mediated Monocyte Phagocytosis Activity Is Stable for Several Months after SARS-CoV-2 Asymptomatic and Mildly Symptomatic Infection
Authors: Vangeti Sindhu , Periasamy Sivakumar , Sun Peifang , Balinsky Corey A. , Mahajan Avinash S. , Kuzmina Natalia A. , Soares-Schanoski Alessandra , Cooper Elizabeth , Beckett Charmagne , Marayag Jan , Marrone Amethyst , Nunez Edgar , Ge Yongchao , Porter Chad K. , Goforth Carl W. , Lizewski Stephen E. , Lizewski Rhonda , Jani Vihasi , Sugiharto Victor A. , Schilling Megan , Yu Xuechen B. , Marjanovic Nada , George Mary Catherine , Bukreyev Alexander , Sealfon Stuart C. , Letizia Andrew G. , Ramos Irene
Published: November 2022

Adaptive immunity mediated by antibodies is important for controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection. While vaccines against COVID-19 are currently widely distributed, a high proportion of the global population is still unvaccinated.
Cysteine-Dependent Conformational Heterogeneity of Shigella flexneri Autotransporter IcsA and Implications of Its Function
Authors: Qin Jilong , Hong Yaoqin , Morona Renato , Totsika Makrina
Published: November 2022

Shigella
species are the leading cause of diarrheal-related death globally by causing bacillary dysentery. The surface virulence factor IcsA, which is essential for
Shigella
pathogenesis, is a unique multifunctional autotransporter that is responsible for cell adhesion, and actin-based motility, yet detailed mechanistic understanding is lacking.
Supplemental Material: Large detrital zircon data set investigation and provenance mapping: Local versus regional and continental sediment sources before, during, and after Ancestral Rocky Mountain deformation
Authors: Smith T.M. , et al.
Published: November 2022

Supplemental Material 1: Comparison of factorized sources presented here and Leary et al. (2020), additional source maps, figure data references, outliers, sample description, and Supplemental Material references. Supplemental Material 2: Detrital zircon metadata table. Supplemental Material 3: New detrital zircon U-Pb reduction data. Supplemental Material 4: Detrital zircon DZnmf run table. Supplemental Material 5: DZnmf 30 source runs export for samples and sample groups (i.e., N=191 results). Supplemental Material 6: DZmix and DZnmf results summary. Supplemental Material 7: Paleocurrent metadata table. Supplemental Material 8: DZnmf 30 source runs export for individual samples (i.e., N=329 results). Supplemental Material 9: DZmix Matlab code with for loop, which allows for multiple samples to be loaded and run at once.
Barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening for women from culturally and linguistically diverse backgrounds; a qualitative study of GPs
Authors: Chandrakumar Abira , Hoon Elizabeth , Benson Jill , Stocks Nigel
Published: November 2022

Objective

To explore general practitioners’ (GPs) perspectives on the barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening (CCS) for women from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds.

Design

Qualitative descriptive study involving semi-structured interviews, with interview guide informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework.

Setting

Adelaide, South Australia.

Participants

Twelve GPs with experience in providing CCS to women from CALD backgrounds participated.

Results

Four main themes emerged: ‘importance of clinician–patient relationship’, ‘patients’ cultural understanding regarding health care and CCS’, ‘communication and language’ and ‘health system related’. Each theme had several subthemes. GPs’ professional relationship with their patients and repeated advice from other clinicians, together with the provision of opportunistic CCS, were described as facilitators, and encompassed the theme of ‘importance of clinician–patient relationship’. This theme also raised the possibility of self-collection human papilloma virus tests. Lack of awareness and knowledge, lower priority for cancer screening and patients’ individual circumstances contributed to the theme of ‘patients’ cultural understanding regarding health care and CCS’, and often acted as barriers to CCS. ‘Communication and language’ consisted of language difficulties, interpreter use and use of appropriate resources. Language difficulties were a barrier to the provision of CCS, and GPs used interpreters and written handouts to help overcome this. The theme of ‘health system related’ involved the increased time needed for CCS consults for CALD women, access to appointments, funding, health promotion and effective use of practice management software.

Conclusions

This study highlights that multiple, inter-related barriers and facilitators influence CALD women’s engagement with CCS, and that GPs needed to manage all of these factors in order to encourage CCS participation. More efforts are needed to address the barriers to ensure that GPs have access to appropriate resources, and CALD patients have access to GPs they trust.
Trends of blood pressure, raised blood pressure, hypertension and its control among Italian adults: CUORE Project cross-sectional health examination surveys 1998/2008/2018
Authors: Donfrancesco Chiara , Di Lonardo Anna , Lo Noce Cinzia , Buttari Brigitta , Profumo Elisabetta , Vespasiano Francesca , Vannucchi Serena , Galletti Ferruccio , Onder Graziano , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Galeone Daniela , Bellisario Paolo , Palmieri Luigi
Published: November 2022

Objectives

To assess in the Italian general adult population the trends of blood pressure (BP) and prevalence of raised BP (RBP), hypertension and its control in order to evaluate population health and care, and the achievement of an RBP 25% relative reduction as recommended by the WHO at population level.

Design

Results comparison of health examination surveys, cross-sectional observational studies based on health examination of randomly selected age and sex stratified samples including residents aged 35–74 years. Data of the 2018/2019 survey were compared with the previous ones collected in 1998/2002 and 2008/2012.

Setting

Health examination surveys conducted in Italy within the CUORE Project following standardised methodologies.

Participants

2985 men and 2955 women examined in 1998/2002, 2218 men and 2204 women examined in 2008/2012 and 1031 men and 1066 women examined in 2018/2019.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Age-standardised mean of BP, prevalence of RBP (systolic BP and/or diastolic BP ≥140/90 mm Hg), hypertension (presenting or being treated for RBP) and its awareness and control, according to sex, age class and educational level.

Results

In 2018/2019, a significant reduction was observed in systolic BP and diastolic BP in men (1998/2002: 136/86 mm Hg; 2008/2012: 132/84 mm Hg; and 2018/2019: 132/78 mm Hg) and women (132/82 mm Hg, 126/78 mm Hg and 122/73 mm Hg), and in the prevalence of RBP (50%, 40% and 30% in men and 39%, 25% and 16% in women) and of hypertension (54%, 49% and 44% in men and 45%, 35% and 32% in women). Trends were consistent by age and education attainment. In 2018/2019, hypertensive men and women with controlled BP were only 27% and 41%, but a significant favourable trend was observed.

Conclusions

Data from 2018/2019 underlined that RBP is still commonly observed in the Italian population aged 35–74 years, however, the WHO RBP target at that time may be considered met.
Quality metrics for enhanced performance of an NGS panel using single-vial amplification technology
Authors: Barua Subit , Hsiao Susan , Clancy Emily , Freeman Christopher , Mansukhani Mahesh , Fernandes Helen
Published: November 2022

Aims

Targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) panels, which identify genomic alterations, are the stronghold of molecular oncology laboratories. In spite of technological advances, the quantity and quality of DNA from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue and paucicellular specimens are barriers to successful sequencing. Here, we describe an NGS assay employing single tube stem-loop inhibition mediated amplification technology that delivers highly accurate results with low input DNA. Rigorous quality metrics, regular monitoring and in-depth validation make the test attractive for clinical laboratories.

Methods

The study used a customised NGS panel, targeting 48 genes across several solid tumour types. Validation, in accordance with guidelines from New York State, sequenced patient samples harbouring 136 known variants, including single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) and indels. Specimen types included formalin-fixed paraffin embedded blocks, core biopsies and cytology material. Neoplastic cellularity of the tumours ranged from 10% to 80%.

Results

The assay was highly specific and sensitive with excellent accuracy, reproducibility and repeatability/precision. Concordant results for identification of SNVs and indels were obtained from specimens with DNA input of 2–3 ng, tissue with 10% neoplastic cellularity and variant allelic frequencies of 2.5%–3%. Over 99% of the target areas are shown to achieve at least 500X coverage when parsed through two bioinformatics pipelines. With over 2000 clinical specimens analysed, the success of the panel for reporting of results is 95.3%

Conclusions

The advanced technology enables accurate identification of clinically relevant variants with uniformity of coverage and an impressive turn-around-time. The overall workflow and cost-effectiveness provide added value.
Detection of cerebral aneurysms using artificial intelligence: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Din Munaib , Agarwal Siddharth , Grzeda Mariusz , Wood David A , Modat Marc , Booth Thomas C
Published: November 2022

Background

Subarachnoid hemorrhage from cerebral aneurysm rupture is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Early aneurysm identification, aided by automated systems, may improve patient outcomes. Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in detecting cerebral aneurysms using CT, MRI or DSA was performed.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science were searched until August 2021. Eligibility criteria included studies using fully automated algorithms to detect cerebral aneurysms using MRI, CT or DSA. Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis: Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA), articles were assessed using Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 (QUADAS-2). Meta-analysis included a bivariate random-effect model to determine pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC-AUC). PROSPERO: CRD42021278454.

Results

43 studies were included, and 41/43 (95%) were retrospective. 34/43 (79%) used AI as a standalone tool, while 9/43 (21%) used AI assisting a reader. 23/43 (53%) used deep learning. Most studies had high bias risk and applicability concerns, limiting conclusions. Six studies in the standalone AI meta-analysis gave (pooled) 91.2% (95% CI 82.2% to 95.8%) sensitivity; 16.5% (95% CI 9.4% to 27.1%) false-positive rate (1-specificity); 0.936 ROC-AUC. Five reader-assistive AI studies gave (pooled) 90.3% (95% CI 88.0% – 92.2%) sensitivity; 7.9% (95% CI 3.5% to 16.8%) false-positive rate; 0.910 ROC-AUC.

Conclusion

AI has the potential to support clinicians in detecting cerebral aneurysms. Interpretation is limited due to high risk of bias and poor generalizability. Multicenter, prospective studies are required to assess AI in clinical practice.
Geometric imaginary and quasi-probability functions of multi-component Schrödinger cat state
Authors: Zhi Qi-Jun , Zheng Qiang , Ren Zhongzhou
Published: November 2022

Superposition is one of unusual features in quantum mechanics. This paper investigates the properties of multi-component Schrödinger cat state, generated by amplitude dispersion. The geometrical imaginary of the multi-component Schrödinger cat state is studied, and the entropy of the geometrical imaginary is proposed. This entropy is inverse proportional to the amplitude of the initial coherent state in the large amplitude regime. Additionally, the superposition of the multi-component cat state can be vividly displayed by the Wigner function and the Pegg–Barnett phase operator.
Variable Structure and Modeling Units for Chinese Lipreading
Authors: Sun Baosheng , Xie Dongliang , Duan Tiantian
Published: November 2022

Lipreading is a type of Human–Computer Interaction (HCI) based on visual information. From a linguistic point of view, Chinese is a monosyllabic language with a much higher proportion of homophones than English. Identifying homophones in Chinese Mandarin lipreading is very challenging. Since the lip shape in the context can distinguish homophones, and smaller recognition units can reduce the types of recognition and alleviate data sparsity, we propose to improve the accuracy of lipreading by simultaneously exploiting the correlation of lip features at different distances and smaller modeling units. We implement a long short-term multi-feature space to represent lip features, and CTC–Attention to learn temporal correlations. We also introduce Weight Finite State Transducer (WFST) to enhance the semantic analysis capability of the model. Our model aims to distinguish homophones and improve the accuracy of lipreading. To reduce data sparsity, we use Tonal Initials and Finals (TIF) as the modeling units. We record a sentence-level Chinese lipreading dataset, ICSLR, and label Mandarin characters, syllables, and TIF. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach compared to its counterparts through extensive experiments on Grid, ICSLR, and CMLR datasets.
Multi-View High Precise 3D Human Body Reconstruction Method for Virtual Fitting
Authors: Zhang Shufang , Liu Yanran , Liu Jiang , Liu Yuhong
Published: November 2022

Online shopping has experienced rapid development recently. However, compared to offline shopping, the return rate and complaint rate of online shopping are much higher, especially for online clothes shopping. In order to solve this problem, virtual fitting technology arises at the right moment, and 3D human modeling is a crucial part of virtual fitting technology. The reconstruction of the parametric 3D human models often faces challenges as long fitting time, low accuracy and fuzzy depth information. Although the reconstruction of nonparametric 3D human model has improved accuracy and detail to some extent, such models typically lack flexibility and controllability. Therefore, this paper reconstructs a high-precision parametric 3D human model by proposing a multi-view iterative registration strategy based on pose prior estimation, which is integrated with a nonparametric 3D human model based on implicit functions. The resulting model retains not only high-precision and detail but also high flexibility and controllability, which has achieved a good effect on the application of 3D virtual fitting. The proposed method is tested on the open-source 3D human body dataset multi-garment network (MGN). The Chamfer distance of the SMPL mannequin reconstructed from multiple views can reach 2.18[Formula: see text]cm and the per-vertical-error can reach 1.63[Formula: see text]cm.
Analysis of Single Event Transient Effects in Standard Delay Cells Based on Decoupling Capacitors
Authors: Andjelkovic Marko , Marjanovic Milos , Drasko Bojan , Calligaro Cristiano , Schrape Oliver , Gatti Umberto , Kuentzer Felipe A. , Ilic Stefan , Ristic Goran , Krstic Milos
Published: November 2022

Single Event Transients (SETs), i.e., voltage glitches induced in combinational logic as a result of the passage of energetic particles, represent an increasingly critical reliability threat for modern complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuits (ICs) employed in space missions. In rad-hard ICs implemented with standard digital cells, special design techniques should be applied to reduce the Soft Error Rate (SER) due to SETs. To this end, it is essential to consider the SET robustness of individual standard cells. Among the wide range of logic cells available in standard cell libraries, the standard delay cells (SDCs) implemented with the skew-sized inverters are exceptionally vulnerable to SETs. Namely, the SET pulses induced in these cells may be hundreds of picoseconds longer than those in other standard cells. In this work, an alternative design of a SDC based on two inverters and two decoupling capacitors is introduced. Electrical simulations have shown that the propagation delay and SET robustness of the proposed delay cell are strongly influenced by the transistor sizes and supply voltage, while the impact of temperature is moderate. The proposed design is more tolerant to SETs than the SDCs with skew-sized inverters, and occupies less area compared to the hardening configurations based on partial and complete duplication. Due to the low transistor count (only six transistors), the proposed delay cell could also be used as a SET filter.
Sign-changeable interacting ghost dark energy model versus the cosmic age
Authors: Zarandi H. R. M. , Ebrahimi E.
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we discuss cosmic age problem in the case of ghost dark energy (GDE) model. To this end, we use two observational data sets to constrain the free parameter space of the models. Next, we try to set new limits on the mentioned free parameter space using the age of the universe. In this work, both of these tasks are done for the GDE model in the presence of the sign-changeable interaction terms. To this end, three classes of interaction terms are considered that provide a sign-changeability possibility. For one of these cases, the age problem passes completely and there is no new bound of free parameters. For two others the age test sets some constrains on the models. In addition to cosmic age problem, we investigate some other properties of these three models including ability to cross the phantom line, accelerating phase of cosmic expansion and the stability against cosmic perturbations.
Impact of hypermagnetic fields on relic gravitational waves, neutrino oscillations and baryon asymmetry
Authors: Dvornikov Maxim
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we study the evolution of random hypermagnetic fields (HMFs) in the symmetric phase of the early universe before the electroweak phase transition. The behavior of HMFs is driven by the analog of the chiral magnetic effect accounting for the asymmetries of leptons and Higgs bosons. These asymmetries are also dynamical variables of the model and evolve together with HMFs. Moreover, we account for the contribution of the hyper-MHD turbulence in the effective diffusion coefficient and the [Formula: see text]-dynamo parameter. The realistic spectrum of seed HMFs consists of two branches: Batchelor and Kolmogorov ones. The impact of HMFs on the production of relic gravitational waves (GWs) and the baryon asymmetry of the universe (BAU), as well as flavor oscillations of supernova neutrinos in the stochastic GWs generated is considered. We establish the constraint on the strength of the seed HMF comparing the spectral density of produced GWs with the observations of the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaborations. The stronger upper bound on the seed HMF is obtained from the condition of not exceeding the observed value of BAU.
Stationary Random Vibration Analysis of Composite Laminated Shell Structures of Revolution in Thermal Environment
Authors: Zuo Peng , Luo Jingrun , Shi Xianjie , Ge Renwei
Published: November 2022

Currently, few studies are focused on the stationary random vibration for composite laminated shell structures of revolution (CLSSR), including composite laminated cylindrical shell (CLCY), composite laminated conical shells (CLCO), and composite laminated annular plates (CLAP). To fill this void corresponding to the above research in the literatures, a combination of the spectro-geometric method (SGM) and pseudo-excitation method (PEM) was developed to construct the theoretical model within the first-order shear deformation theory (FSDT). The different boundary restraints and coupling conditions were achieved by taking the appropriate stiffness values of artificial springs, and the thermal effect induced by thermal load was considered. Moreover, the Rayleigh–Ritz method was employed to deduce the governing differential equation. Further, the solution accuracy of the established model was assessed by comparing the obtained results with those from the literatures and the finite element method (FEM). Finally, the effect of specific parameters (i.e. fiber angle, temperature value and ply number) on the stationary random response of CLSSR was explored. According to the results, the proposed method proved effective for predicting the stationary random response characteristics of CLCY, CLCO, and CLAP in a thermal environment.
In-Plane Multi-Directional Dynamic Crushing of Hexagonal Honeycomb
Authors: Lu Sisi , Ni Weitao , Wang Pan , Yan Kaibo , Chen Zhaowei , Cui Xiaolu , Qi Yayun
Published: November 2022

Hexagonal honeycomb is widely used in structural passive safety protection because of its low density, high specific strength and stable deformation process. The effects of cell wall thickness, initial impact velocity and impact direction on the deformation modes and crush characteristic of the hexagonal honeycomb are investigated with an impact finite element model (FEM), in which the cell wall thickness and out-of-plane thickness of the hexagonal honeycomb are variable. The results showed that, when the hexagonal honeycomb was impacted in the transverse plane and longitudinal plane, the impact end of the structure always shrank inward until the middle of the hexagonal honeycomb was compacted, and finally the whole structure was compressed. When it was impacted in the 60∘ oblique plane, there was no inward shrinkage, and the whole structure was compressed and deformed from the impact end toward the fixed end. Under the same initial impact velocity in different impact directions, the initial peak force (IPF) and specific energy absorption (SEA) of the hexagonal honeycomb increased with the cell wall thickness. When the cell wall thickness was constant, the IPF and SEA of the hexagonal honeycomb increased with the initial impact velocity. Then empirical formulas for IPF and SEA of the hexagonal honeycomb crushing were obtained and verified by simulation. It was found that the errors of proposed empirical formulas for IPF and SEA of the hexagonal honeycomb both were within 10%, which means the empirical formulas can be used to predict the crashworthiness of the hexagonal honeycomb.
Vertex separators, chordality and virtually free groups
Authors: Corregidor Samuel G. , Martínez-Pérez Álvaro
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we consider some results obtained for graphs using minimal vertex separators and generalized chordality and translate them to the context of Geometric group theory. Using these new tools, we are able to give two new characterizations for a group to be virtually free. Furthermore, we prove that the Baumslag–Solitar group [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-chordal for some [Formula: see text] if and only if [Formula: see text] and we give an application of generalized chordality to the study of the word problem.
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles: Synthesis, Characterization, and Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity
Authors: Hayder Rand A. , Shanan Zainab J.
Published: November 2022

In this research, iron oxide-NPs were synthesized by leek leaves extract using the green method biosynthesis. It helps as reducing and cap agents. Characteristics of nanoparticles are obtained by (UV–Visible) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The X-ray diffraction pattern showed iron oxide peaks, the mean crystalline size was 37.12[Formula: see text]nm. Electron microscope field emission scanning (FESEM) was used to investigate the morphology of iron oxide-NPs. Results of the biological tests showed how iron oxide nanoparticles affected both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as various inhibitor registrations and the influence of iron material on bacteria inhibition were demonstrated.
Facile synthesis of N-doped TiO2 and its photocatalytic properties for ciprofloxacin degradation
Authors: Yu Hongxia , Zhao Shuailing , Mao Weijie , Faheem Muhammad , Ding Dan , Chen Liwei , Cai Tianming
Published: November 2022

The preparation of N-doped TiO2 with excellent photocatalytic performance is reported. The study of the synthesis process involves the control of N-doping and the crystalline phase. The incorporation of urea provides dual features; it introduces a nitrogen source and also reduces the phase transition temperature of anatase to rutile. The optimal N-doped catalyst that possesses both anatase and rutile phases shows excellent catalytic efficiency in the degradation of ciprofloxacin under illumination by visible light and sunlight.
Jasmine: the challenges of delivering infill wells in a variably depleted HPHT field
Authors: MacLeod Brian A.
Published: November 2022

Drilling infill wells into a heavily depleted reservoir poses several challenges that can lead to increased time, cost and risk. Data acquisition, including gathering formation pressure data, can be severely compromised, complicating real-time decisions and pore pressure interpretation. Fracture gradients, usually constrained by data acquired outside the reservoir, need to be estimated using a different approach through a depleted reservoir. The Jasmine high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) field in the UK Central North Sea can be used to illustrate some of these challenges and to describe some practical solutions. A qualitative approach to estimating the level of reservoir depletion from formation gas measurements has been developed for the Jasmine Field, comparing pre-depletion gas trends against those obtained during the infill drilling campaign. The methods described here to estimate depleted fracture gradients using modelled and observed stress paths coupled to the pore pressure reduction were found to fit with well observations, and have helped to inform operational decisions to manage severe lost circulation events. A strategy to acquire data in memory while drilling has proved successful and has allowed lost circulation events to be managed safely. Managed pressure drilling has opened up narrow drilling windows, and has reduced the number of hole sizes and liners required to drill these infill wells.

Thematic collection:
This article is part of the Geopressure collection available at:
https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/geopressure
LetterSampo–Historical Letters on the Semantic Web: A Framework and Its Application to Publishing and Using Epistolary Data
Authors: Hyvönen Eero , Leskinen Petri , Tuominen Jouni
Published: November 2022

Epistolary data about historical letters are typically distributed in different archives depending on where the letters were sent to and received, and the data are represented using local heterogeneous data models and different natural languages. To study such letter data on a global level, the heterogeneous, distributed data in local siloes need to be aggregated and harmonized into larger services where local metadata can enrich each other to complement missing information. This article presents a new framework, LetterSampo, for representing, publishing, and using epistolary data as Linked Open Data (LOD) on the Web for Digital Humanities (DH) research. The framework is used for creating LOD services and for building individual LetterSampo portals on top of them. To test and demonstrate the framework, it has been applied to the epistolary CKCC dataset of ca. 20,000 letters of the Huygens Institute, the Netherlands, to the correspSearch dataset of ca. 151,000 letters aggregated by the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities, and to the Early Modern Letters Online (EMLO) data of ca. 170,000 letters published by the University of Oxford. The CKCC and correspSearch datasets were published as LOD services, SPARQL endpoints, and as data dumps at Zenodo.org for re-use, and a demonstrational portal
LetterSampo: Historical Letters on the Semantic Web
was created based on this data. A novelty of the LetterSampo portals is to use faceted semantic search for filtering data of interest in flexible ways from multiple perspectives on two conceptual levels, and then visualize and analyze the results and data by seamlessly integrated data analytic tools—programming skills are not needed for using the portal. In addition to using the tools of the portal, the SPARQL endpoints can be used with modest knowledge about programming for DH research.
An Overview of Soft Robotics
Authors: Yasa Oncay , Toshimitsu Yasunori , Michelis Mike Y. , Jones Lewis S. , Filippi Miriam , Buchner Thomas , Katzschmann Robert K.
Published: November 2022

Soft robots’ flexibility and compliance give them the potential to outperform traditional rigid-bodied robots while performing multiple tasks in unexpectedly changing environments and conditions. However, soft robots are yet to reveal their full potential; nature is still far more advanced in several areas, such as locomotion and manipulation. To understand what limits their performance and hinders their transition from laboratory to real-world conditions, future studies should focus on understanding the principles behind the design and operation of soft robots. Such studies should also consider the major challenges with regard to complex materials, accurate modeling, advanced control, and intelligent behaviors. As a starting point for such studies, this review provides a current overview of the field by examining the working mechanisms of advanced actuation and sensing modalities, modeling techniques, control strategies, and learning architectures for soft robots. Next, we summarize how these approaches can be applied to create sophisticated soft robots and examine their application areas. Finally, we provide future perspectives on what key challenges should be tackled first to advance soft robotics to truly add value to our society.