bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN PENGENCER SKIM MILK DENGAN BERBAGAI LEVEL FILTRAT KECAMBAH KACANG HIJAU (Phaseolus radiates L.) TERHADAP KUALITAS SEMEN CAIR SAPI SIMMENTAL PADA SUHU RUANG
Authors: Yatusholikhah Inna , Isnaini Nurul , Ihsan Muhammad Nur
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan pengencer susu skimÂ  dengan berbagai level filtrat kecambah kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus L.) terhadap kualitas semen cair yaitu motilitas individu, viabilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa sapi Simmental yang di simpan papda suhu ruang. Manfaat pada penelitian menjadi studi ilmiah sebagai sumber daya untuk akademisi dan untuk pelaksanaan teknis IB. Materi penelitian yang digunakan yaitu semen segar dari sapi Simmental yang dipelihara di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan Singosari Malang, umur 5-7 tahun, motilitas massa ++ dan motilitas individu â‰¥ 50%.. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian menggunakan percobaan laboratorium dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan, yaitu P0 sebagai kontrol (1 ml susu skim + 0,1 semen), P1 (0,02 ml filtrat (Phaseolus radiatus L.) + 0,98 ml susu skim + 0,1 semen), P2 (0,04 ml filtrat (Phaseolus radiatus L.) + 0,96 ml susu skim + 0,1 semen) Dan P3 (0,06 ml filtrat (Phaseolus radiatus L.) + 0.94 ml susu skim + 0,1 semen). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA dalam Rancangan Acak, adanya pengaruh yang signifikan akan diuji oleh Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motilitas individu dan abnormalitas spermatozoa tidak berbeda nyata (P> 0,05) untuk semua penyimpanan pada 0, 2, 4 dan 6 jam, sedangkan viabilitas spermatozoa memberikan perbedaan yang nyata (P <0,05) untuk P3 (69,34 Â± 11,01) pada penyimpanan 4 jam. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pengaruh pengencer susu skim dengan berbagai level filtrat kecambah kacang hijau terhadap kualitas semen cair sapi Simmental pada suhu ruang hanya memberikan pengaruh pada vaibilitas spermatozoa dengan level 4% yang di simpan pada 4 jam.Â Kata Kunci : semen cair, motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas
DAYA HAMBAT JUS KULIT APEL MANALAGI (Malus sylvestris Mill.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Staphylococcus aureus DAN Escherichia coli PENYEBAB MASTITIS PADA SAPI PERAH
Authors: Surjowardojo Puguh , Susilorini Tri Eko , Panjaitan Angel Aprilia
Published: July 2017

Apel Manalagi (Malus sylvestris Mill.) sering dikonsumsi baik secara segar maupun diolah menjadi keripik apel. Pengolahan ini menghasilkan limbah berupa kulit. Kandungan kulit apel Manalagi berupa saponin, flavonoid, tannin, polifenol dan katekin yang dapat berperan sebagai antibakteri, kandungan ini dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pengganti larutan teat dipping iodip untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli penyebab mastitis pada sapi perah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menentukan apakah jus kulit apel Manalagi dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli penyebab mastitis pada sapi perah serta untuk mengetahui konsentrasi yang lebih baik untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcusaureus dan Escerichia coli. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium dengan cara diffusi sumurandengan analisis yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan menggunakan Uji Beda Nyata Terkecil (BNT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan juskulit apel Manalagi dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20% dan 30% dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteristaphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli secara signifikan (P<0,01) dengan hasil terbaik terhadapbakteri Staphylococcus aureus dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 30% sedangkan untuk bakteriEscherichia coli menggunakan konsentrasi 10%. Namun, penggunaan jus kulit apel Manalagi belumdapat mengimbangi iodip dalam menghambat bakteri Escherichia coli. Kesimpulan dari penelitian iniadalah jus kulit apel Manalagi dapat digunakan untuk larutan antiseptik alami untuk teat dipping padasapi perah.Kata kunci: Staphylococcus aureus, Eschericia coli, zona hambat bakteri, mastitis.
PERFORMANS REPRODUKSI SAPI PERANAKAN ONGOLE DAN PERANAKAN LIMOUSIN PADA PARITAS BERBEDA DI KECAMATAN PACIRAN KABUPATEN LAMONGAN
Authors: Fauziah Laili Windah , Busono Woro , Ciptadi Gatot
Published: July 2017

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan performans reproduksi sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Peranakan Limousin pada paritas 2 dan 3. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Peranakan Limousin yang masing-masing terdiri dari 2 paritas yaitu paritas 2 dan 3 dimana setiap paritas terdiri dari 30 ekor ternak. Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah survei dengan pengumpulan data primer dan data sekunder. Variabel yang diamati adalah Service per Conception (S/C),Days open (DO), Calving Interval (CI) dan Conception Rate (CR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata S/C, DO, CI dan CR dari sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Peranakan Limousin pada paritas 2 dan 3 sebesar masing-masing sebesar1,2 Â± 0,4; 117,8 Â± 16,5 hari; 397,6 Â± 16,6 hari dan79%. Disimpulkan bahwa nilai tampilan reproduksi sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Peranakan Limousin di Kecamatan Paciran, Kabupaten Lamongan memiliki nilai yang baik akan tetapi perlu perbaikanmengenai DO dan CI yang masih panjangKata kunci: calving interval, conception rate, days open, service per conception.
Method Development for Detection of E545A Mutation PIK3CA Gene in Breast Cancer Patients Using Tm Shift SYBR Green I qPCR
Authors: Al Ahwani Fuad , Desriani Desriani , Widyastuti Utut , Suharsono Suharsono
Published: July 2017

E545A is one of the point mutations, and its frequency is high in PIK3CA gene (3.8%), particularly breast cancer patients in Singapore (13.8%) and Mexico (11.5%). In addition to induce breast cancer, the mutation also caused resistance of anti-HER2 in HER2 cancer subtype. The tremendous effect of this mutation was not supported by affordable detection method. This study aimed to develop a feasible and sensitive method of E545A detection. The developing method used Tm and Ct to identify samples. Based on optimization, the best condition was obtained at optimization 2 at annealing temperature of 65°C. At this condition, Tm and Ct of each sample were (a) exon 9 (78.4°C and 13.005±0.007) and (b) E5454A (80.4°C and 10.07±0.1). This method also demonstrated good precision as observed in variance coefficient of intra and inter assay (0). Thus, method for E5454A detection mutation was successfully developed.
La reception par le Concile Vatican II de la theologie sur l’œcumenique du pere Yves Marie Congar et quelques aspects du debat theologique qui s’en suivit
Authors: De Pontbriand Thibault
Published: July 2017

Father Congar wrote in 1937 his book Chrétiens désunis (Disunited Christians), which opened a new phase in theological research on ecumenism. He completed it in 1964 with Chrétiens en dialogue (Christians in dialogue). It was at this time to ask what theological place had, outside the Catholic Church, the Christians but also what he calls "the dissidents christian groups."
Congar develop a theology of the "elements of the church" by which Christians are incorporated into the Church and which define the consistency, the being of the particular churches. The big question is, in fact: where is the Church of Christ, the unique, one and holy existence, the one we confess in the Creed? For Congar, these are the elements that structure the church and make it or not a church and even make it the Church. It is from these elements that we can gradually deduce the special and unique position of the Catholic Church in the christian world and how this same Church understands its relationship to other churches and christian communities. The ecumenical journey is to regain the lost unity of Christians: it goes through the return to the one Church of God as it was founded by Christ.
El cristianismo de Hilda Moreno. Un estudio de caso.
Authors: Costadoat Jorge
Published: July 2017

This case study deals with the Christianism of a true Catholic person, with special attention to the categories and issues that express her religiosity. This study should help us understand the theological reception of the Vatican Council II in Latin American church. Our thesis postulates that the Council introduced extraordinary changes in Latin American Christianism without causing any damage to traditional Christianism. Conclusions indicate that Hilda Moreno understood her own life during the agitated period in which she lived, in the light of traditional religiosity, which gave her the possibility of integrating the theological and pastoral novelties of the Council with no difficulty, instead of preventing her from doing it.
Comparative advantage and export potential of Thai vegetable products following the integration into the ASEAN Economic Community
Authors: Laosutsan Pheesphan , Shivakoti Ganesh P. , Soni Peeyush
Published: July 2017

International trade, which is the exchange of capital, goods and services across international borders or territories, has contributed to the rapid global economic growth in recent decades. In Southeast Asia, the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian (ASEAN) Free Trade Area and the implementation of the ASEAN Economic Community have benefited Thai entrepreneurs and other member countries’ as nearly all import restrictions are removed and market entry barriers lowered. The ASEAN is an organization of countries in Southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region; and comprises 10 member states: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. Specifically, this research has explored the possible economic impacts of trade liberalization and improved connectivity on Thailand’s exportation of 23 vegetable product groups to the ASEAN member states (AMSs) using the Revealed Comparative Advantage and Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage indices based on the 2009-2013 datasets. In the analysis, the indices were applied to the 14 fresh and 9 preserved vegetable product groups from 15 countries (i.e. AMSs, Australia, China, Japan, South Korea, the USA) to determine their comparative advantages. The dendrogram was used to cluster the countries with regard to their ability to export the fresh and preserved vegetable products. In addition, the Boston Consulting Group matrix was utilized to determine the relative market positions of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetables. The analysis results identified four each of the Thai fresh and preserved vegetable product groups with high comparative advantage in the ASEAN market.
ANALISIS SISTEM PENENTUAN LOKASI GANGGUAN JARINGAN DISTRIBUSI LISTRIK TERINTEGRASI GOOGLE MAP
Authors: Haris Abdul , Agtriadi Herman Bedi
Published: July 2017

Tingginya kebutuhan akan listrik dalam kehidupan masyarakat sadar atau tanpa kita sadari kita sering mengalami masalah listrik padam yang diakibatkan kebakaran gardu, pohon tumbang, kebakaran rumah dan beberapa masalah yang dapat mengakibatkan gangguan jaringan distribusi listrik.. Oleh sebab itu dibutuhkan sebuah sistem untuk dapat secara cepat mengetahui gangguan-gangguan yang terjadi dilapangan dan sistem tersebut dapat memberikan petunjuk jalur alternatif yang secara cepat dapat dilalui dan mengetahui titik lokasi terjadi. Teknik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah memanfaatkan google API, teknologi ini mampu memetakan lokasi terdekat dengan membaca kordinat selain itu teknologi ini mampu menjadi penghubung antara teknologi internet yang berbasis komputer dengan mobile.  Web merupakan aplikasi yang sangat populer dan dapat menjadi media yang dapat digunakan untuk menyediakan informasi secara cepat dimanapun lokasinya sedangkan google map merupakan sarana yang menjadi penunjuk untuk memberikan informasi jalur cepat yang dapat dilalui untuk mencapai titik lokasi gangguan jaringan listrik secara visual pada peta. penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan sebuah aplikasi web yang terintegrasi google map untuk dapat memberikan informasi secara real time yang terhubung pada konsumen.
Recreation function of forest complexes as an element of urban planning: A view from Republic of Srpska
Authors: Dosenovic Ljiljana , Trkulja Tanja , Sekulic Mirjana
Published: July 2017

The issue of recreation in a broad sense and from the aspect of urban
planning is related to other urban functions, as well as to certain
functional and ecological principles of spatial organization of cities
(Douglas, 2000). The research presented in this paper indicate that the
recreational function, as an urban planning category, receives inadequate
treatment in the spatial, regional, and urban plans in Republic of Srpska,
that is not proper for the new approach to evaluation and defining of
important elements of urban planning, such as forest areas. Obscure urban
plans do not allow concrete actions in terms of better planning of such
spaces, and it hinders supervision of their sustainable development. Urban
forests are key elements of green infrastructure and they provide essential
ecosystem services (Capotorti et al., 2015). Current city development process
in Republic of Srpska is characterized by an increase in number of buildings
where economic factors impact the urban structure and share of open
recreational spaces in the total area despite their increased functional and
ecological justification. The process of intensive construction endangers
natural resources such as forest complexes, thus they are becoming more and
more valuable. In this paper, forest complexes will be regarded as a spatial
category on example of the case study of Banja Luka. Seeking new solutions in
order to obtain primarily qualitative then quantitative changes in
representation, manner of use, and arrangement of forest complexes within the
green matrix of Banja Luka, is an imperative. Whether these special and
functional green structures would be designed for recreational or strictly
protective functions, perhaps as a cultural landscape, or a green structure
of polyvalent character, depends on many factors. This research focuses on
fifteen forest management units (MU) that were selected by a method of
separation of gravitational area and recreational zones in the city of Banja
Luka. The method, besides its originality, contains BITTERLICH?s ratio of
population separation for needs of forest complexes, which increases with the
increase of population density and decrease of the distance from a forest
area. This method for determining recreational value within a gravitational
area is used to define the value of the forest complex location factor, as
well as the value of its natural characteristics, i.e. whether the forest is
suitable for recreation (Medarevic, 1993). Evaluation postulates are
presented numerically and graphically by use of GIS technology for Republic
of Srpska municipalities based on the previously prepared data model. The
research results indicate that their practical use is possible in the domain
of planning, designing, and organization of forest complexes to accommodate
urban recreational needs.
Survey-based research as a scientific answer to the deficiency of qualitative data regarding micro-urban level of new multi-family housing in Serbia
Authors: Antonic Branislav , Vanista Lazarevic Eva
Published: July 2017

In socialist era, multi-family housing played an important role in creating
decent life for proletariat as the main social class in cities.
Mass-construction of this type of housing put forward the creation and
implementation of standards in housing, which consequently formed a specific
urban fabric in socialist cities. Socialist Yugoslavia was a bit unique
example due to decentralization during its last decades. This enabled the
existence of regional and local housing standards. The differentiation in
space was reflected thereby in every local unit, with locally-set relations
between buildings and their plots as well as neighbour street and buildings.
Therefore, different micro-urban characteristics appeared in housing. This
situation was just intensified with the dissolution of Yugoslavia, leaving a
lot of freedom to local level to do its own housing ?policy?. These local
?policies? have been significantly influenced by growing market economy and
private incentive in housing. Multi-family housing has been favourable type
of housing construction for new private investors due to the best
exploitation of all related resources. Therefore, it has become a dominant
type of housing construction. In the case of micro-urban conditions, this
approach has triggered the entire urban development and has sparked public
opinion in some extreme cases. Nevertheless, the relevant legislative and
statistical data adopted and published by official institutions, such as
competent Ministries and Statistical Office of the Republic of Serbia, is
scarce, inaccurate and scientifically limited. Thus, the aim of this
research is to find solutions to overcome this gap by using the knowledge
and experience of local experts in urbanism. Taking in account that this
research is based on their opinions regarding micro-urban conditions in
housing, selected methodology is a survey. It was conducted among the
participants of the Summer school of urbanism in Kragujevac, Serbia, in May
14-15 2015. Their professional opinion is analyzed to form recommendations
and guidelines for the improvement of current state in housing planning and
development in Serbia.
A novel architecture with scalable security having expandable computational complexity for stream ciphers
Authors: Siddavaatam Prathap , Sedaghat Reza
Published: July 2017

Stream cipher designs are difficult to implement since they are prone to
weaknesses based on usage, with properties being similar to one-time pad
besides keystream is subjected to very strict requirements. Contemporary
stream cipher designs are highly vulnerable to algebraic cryptanalysis based
on linear algebra, in which the inputs and outputs are formulated as
multivariate polynomial equations. Solving a nonlinear system of multivariate
equations will reduce the complexity, which in turn yields the targeted
secret information. Recently, Addition Modulo has been suggested over logic
XOR as a mixing operator to guard against such attacks. However, it has been
observed that the complexity of Modulo Addition can be drastically decreased
with the appropriate formulation of polynomial equations and probabilistic
conditions. A new design for Addition Modulo is proposed. The framework for
the new design is characterized by user-defined expandable security for
stronger encryption and does not impose changes in existing layout for any
stream cipher such as SNOW 2.0, SOSEMANUK, CryptMT, Grain Family, etc. The
structure of the proposed design is highly scalable, which boosts the
algebraic degree and thwarts the probabilistic conditions by maintaining the
original hardware complexity without changing the integrity of the Addition
Modulo.
Information system for the centralized display of the transport comfort information
Authors: Jovanovic Zeljko , Bacevic Ranko , Markovic Radoljub , Randjic Sinisa , Jankovic Dragan
Published: July 2017

This paper introduces the information system for presenting road comfort map.
The map is generated based on the conducted transportations. As a basis for
the information system and the source of the comfort information, developed
Android application is used. It calculates comfort parameters using
three-axis accelerometer values. The calculated data are recorded into the
files in the proper format. Recorded files are uploaded on the information
system to be viewed and analyzed. As a final result of all recorded
transportations, it is possible to generate a map of roads comfort. The paper
presents the current functionality of the system and the current roads
comfort map of covered roads in Serbia. Based on the collected data about 50%
of transportation intervals were comfortable, 44% was moderately
uncomfortable, and 6% was uncomfortable.
Performance of macro diversity wireless communication system operating in Weibull multipath fading environment
Authors: Suljovic Suad , Milic Dejan , Nikolic Zorica , Panic Stefan , Stefanovic Mihajlo , Bandjur Djoko
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we consider wireless mobile radio communication system with
macro diversity reception. Signal is subject to Weibull small scale fading
and Gamma large scale fading resulting in system performance degradation.
Receiver uses macro diversity selection combining (SC) technique in order to
reduce the impact of long term fading effects, and two micro diversity SC
branches are used to mitigate Weibull short term fading effects on system
performance. Probability density function (PDF), and cumulative distribution
function (CDF), as well as level crossing rate (LCR) and average fade
duration (AFD) of the SC receiver output signal envelope are evaluated. The
obtained expressions converge rapidly for all considered values of Weibull
fading parameter and Gamma shadowing severity parameter. Mathematical results
are studied in order to analyze the influence of Weibull fading parameter and
Gamma shadowing severity parameter on statistical properties of the SC
receiver output signal.
Entre Plataformas, ODAs e Protótipos: Novos multiletramentos em tempos de WEB2
Authors: ROJO Roxane
Published: July 2017

Neste artigo, buscamos discutir e contrastar diferentes dispositivos e tipos de materiais didáticos digitais, segundo critérios pautados nos conceitos de paradigma da aprendizagem curricular e paradigma da aprendizagem interativa (LEMKE, 2010), tais como ODA (OED) e seus repositórios ou referatórios, gamificações, livros didáticos digitais interativos (LDDI) e protótipos de ensino. Diferentemente dos materiais impressos, esses materiais digitais são enfocados como uma contribuição na direção de um webcurrículo, que combina o currículo da letra e do impresso aos multiletramentos e novos letramentos contemporâneos.
GOOGLE DRIVE: POTENCIALIDADES PARA O DESIGN DE MATERIAL EDUCACIONAL DIGITAL (MED) PARA ENSINO DE LÍNGUAS
Authors: RAMOS Rosinda De Castro Guerra , RAMOS Simone Telles Martins , ASEGA Fernanda Katherine
Published: July 2017

Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar uma experiência sobre como o Google Drive pode ser usado para o desenho de MED (Material Educacional Digital) para o ensino-aprendizagem de línguas, devido ao crescente uso das TDICs (Tecnologias Digitais de Informação e Comunicação) na área de educação e aos desafios que o design de materiais educacionais para o ambiente digital nos lançam.  Para apresentar nossa experiência, faremos uma discussão teórica sobre os conceitos de desenvolvimento de material didático (TOMLINSON, 2003; RAMOS, 2009), de material educacional digital –MED – (BEHAR, 2009), multimodalidade (ROJO e BARBOSA, 2015), a lacuna existente em relação ao  letramento digital na formação de professores (LEFFA, 2013), os níveis/tipos  de interação em ambiente digital (HIRUMI, 2013) e sua relação na coconstrução de novos conhecimentos (VIGOTSKY, 1989, 1998; OLIVEIRA, 1997; BRASIL, 1998). Em seguida, descreveremos o Google Drive e as funcionalidades dos aplicativos de produtividade Google Documentos, Planilhas, Apresentações e Formulários. Finalizaremos com considerações sobre essa experiência e suas contribuições para a área de formação de professores de línguas.
Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizers Effects on Growth and Flowering of Garland Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum Coronarium L.) Plant
Authors: Ali Mariwan A. , Mjeed Ardalan J.
Published: July 2017

This experiment was conducted to study the effect two types of biochar and nitrogen fertilizers amendment, with different rates on morphological attributed of garland chrysanthemum plant. Two different types of biochar (BT) Eucalyptus biochar (EB), and Salix biochar (SB), four biochar rates- BR (at 0, 1, 2 and 3%), and three rates of nitrogen fertilizer- NR (0, 140 and 280 mg kg-1) with three replications on plant growth were used in this research. The (Chrysanthemum coronarium L.) was used as a test plant to study some morphological characters including: Plant Height (PH) cm, Fresh Weight Per Plant (FWP) g, Number of Leaves Per Plant (NLP), Stem Diameter (SD) cm, Flower Diameter (FD), Number of Flower Per Plant (NFP) and Number of Flower Bud Per Plant (NFBP) cm. The Double Barrel Design was used for making biochar by pyrolysis system. The experiment was conducted in the plastic house condition. The results showed that biochar applications at a rate of 3%, significantly increase PH, FWP, NLP, SD, FD, and NFBP, while NFP increased only at 2% biochar application and decrease at the 3% rate. The application of 280 mg kg-1 of nitrogen significantly increased all of the parameters. The plant grown in the soils amended with the EB were higher than grown in the soils of the SB. In addition, the best value in the study was observed were biochar combined with nitrogen fertilizers.
Power Quality in a University Campus: The User´s Perspective.
Authors: A. Moreno-Muñoz  , Mª D. Redel  , A. L. Prieto  , A. Plaza  , M. González  , J. Luna
Published: July 2017

This paper presents preliminary results from a power quality audit conducted at a university’s campus over last year. Voltage and current were measured at various academic buildings; it was found that the main problems for the equipment installed were voltage sags and surges. These phenomena are purely random in nature. The paper examines the causes and effects of power disturbances that affect computer or any other microprocessor based equipment and analyses the auto-protection capabilities of modern power supplies. The convenience of “enhanced power supply” or “low-cost customer-side” protection solutions is also discussed. Finally it is addressed the role of the Standards on the protection of electronic equipment and the implications for the final costumer.
Variable Speed Asynchronous Generator.
Authors: Vít BRŠLICA
Published: July 2017

The variable speed power generation brings higher efficiency and other economy benefits namely in low power range sources and isolated systems with local net supply. Typically it is in mobile power generation based on fuel engine drive, but the results are also useful in the area of wind power generation and maybe in few years in automobile industry for car board-net supply as well. To keep high efficiency, the cheap constant-geometry wind turbine must be operated at variable rotation speed in dependence on wind speed. Permanent magnet synchronous generator was first to used in VSCF generation, but its flux cannot be decreased at reduced load, therefore its excellent rated efficiency is not so optimal in competition with much cheaper and robust asynchronous generator (AG) at partial load. The mathematical model for AG optimal slip estimation from efficiency point of view is created. Some model results are presented to show the AG efficiency at varying load and its other advantages.
Unsymmetrical Failure States in a Small Water Power Station
Authors: Vaclav Bartos  , Anna Kotlanova
Published: July 2017

The paper discusses failure states of a small water power stationsystem with an asynchronous generator with capacity compen-sation. The failures occur during the disconnection of one ortwo phases from the involved transmission line. The studydemonstrates the undesirable voltage changes and the currentoverloads in various phases.
Magnetic Shields for Underground Power Lines.
Authors: J.R. Riba Ruiz  , X. Alabern Morera
Published: July 2017

This paper describes a simple method for shielding the magnetic fields generated by underground power lines. It consists on placing a cylindrical shell made of a ferromagnetic material. The principle for reducing the magnetic field outside the shield is that the ferromagnetic material absorbs the magnetic field generated by the buried power line and only a very small portion of the magnetic field survives outside the shield. As the shield is made of a high-conductivity ferromagnetic material, eddy currents are induced inside it and they generate a magnetic field opposed to the magnetic field generated by the power line. It results that the total magnetic field H inside the shield is reduced.
It is well known that the relative magnetic permeability of ferromagnetic materials decreases sharply when magnetic fields intensities H are very weak (below 0,1 A/m) and when they are very strong (due to saturation phenomena). In these situations the shielding efficiency of these materials is dramatically reduced.
The selection of an adequate material to act as a magnetic field is decisive. Such a material must have a high magnetic permeability when dealing with very weak magnetic fields and a high electric conductivity in order to maximize the absorption losses. For these reasons the selected material has been the purified iron (at least 99’95 % pureness).
Wind Power System for Domestic Installations.
Authors: I. Mény  , P. Enrici  , JJ. Huselstein  , D. Matt
Published: July 2017

This paper describes the simulation and testing ofa low power wind system including a vernier reluctance magnetmachine (VRMM), used as a direct-driven generator. The aim isto propose the design and control of the electrical part of adomestic wind power installation. We want in particularinvestigate the benefits and limitations due to the use of theVRMM in this system.
We first present the structure and working equations of the VRMM and the AC/DC converters associated with it. Equations used to model VRMM and PWM rectifier in a d,q rotating frame are then detailed. A Simulink model of the system including the wind turbine is proposed. We show simulation results : we compare two methods used to drive the VRMM in order to reach the maximum power point of the turbine.
The design of a test bench is also presented. In this one, the wind turbine is emulated by a DC machine. The drives of the DC machine and of the VRMM are realized with the help of a D-Space board. With this bench, we study the association of VRMM with two different AC/DC converters. We finally foresee the later developments of the system.
Experimental Analysis of the Line Side Behaviour of an Uncontrolled 12-Pulse Rectifier with Capacitive DC-Smoothing Compared to Analytical Analysis.
Authors: Thomas Rechberger
Published: July 2017

The analytical calculation of the line side behaviour of a 12-pulse diode rectifier with capacitive DC-smoothing is not described in any book, because the classical theory deals with the ideal DC-current in the DC-link. This paper is about the analytical calculation of the line side behaviour of an uncontrolled B12-rectifier with capacitive DC smoothing. The analytical calculation enables to quantify the effects on the line current in a very short time compared to time consuming simulation studies. This publication only deals with the DC-current that has no gaps. The piecewise determined currents on the secondary side of the transformer are transformed to the primary side. After that, the spectrum of the mains current can be determined easily. The experimental analysis in this paper will verify the analytical calculation.
Remote Disconnection System for Disgtributed Generation Units.
Authors: K. J. Sagastabeitia  , Z. Aginako  , A. J. Mazón  , I. Zamora
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a Remote Disconnection System for Distributed Generation Units. It is destinated to supervise dispersed power generation centers and network status at the interconnection line. The main function of the developed system is the automatically opening of the autoproducer´s connection breaker, when defined circumstances happen. Remote automatic disconnection observes always basical requirements about security, obedience, reliability and speed.
Furthermore, this system allows properly authorized staff of the electrical utility to check and manage certain control actions from the Remote Operation Control Position, into some elements belongs to autoproducer instalation.
Spreadsheet Assisted Overall Design of a Wind Turbine Blade.
Authors: U. Aguirre Llona  , J. J. Pérez Rambla  , G. Aguirre Zamalloa
Published: July 2017

In this paper we show in an orderly, step by step fashion the typical hypotheses, approximations and tradeoffs that go into the design of a wind turbine blade. The main objective of the work is not an efficient code but a clear one. We discuss the interplay between different strategies and we illustrate the procedure with a real blade calculation. Both aerodynamic and mechanic design are addressed.
Evolution Toward a Smart Energy Supply System in the Balearic Islands.
Authors: D. Coll-Mayor  , R. Picos  , E. García-Moreno
Published: July 2017

The Balearic Islands are a typical example of centralized energy supply system based on the work of a large coal thermal power plant. Low reliability and high emissions are some the problems inherent to this configuration. Highly oscillating demand curves and increasing energy consumption are added problems in this case. Furthermore, many critical points have been identified in the power transportation grid that can cause the failure of the whole system. Many of these problems are inherent to isolated centralized energy systems. In the studied case the connection to the mainland grid is not solved, though options are being considered by the authorities. However neither of these solutions will fulfil all the needs of the Balearic power system nor profit the high potential in RES of these islands. That way, new solutions are needed for assuring the energy supply. One of these solutions is the application of the idea of the virtual utility (VU) configuration. Some of the advantages of this idea in front of other options are the high agility of the system to find the optimal operation point, the high integration of RES and the high reliability due to the use of distributed generation facilities.
Voltage Quality Factor for Networks Supplying Unbalanced Nonlinear Loads.
Authors: Juan Carlos Montaño  , Dolores Borrás  , Manuel Castilla  , Antonio López  , Jaime Gutiérrez  , Juan Carlos Bravo
Published: July 2017

While the common term for describing the harmonic content and the unbalanced loading of the three-phase supply is power quality, it is actually the quality of the voltage that is being addressed in most cases. The power supply system can only control the quality of the voltage; it has no control over the currents that particular loads might draw. Therefore, the standards in the power quality area are devoted to maintaining the voltage within certain limits.
In this paper, a voltage quality factor, designated VQF, is suggested that integrally assesses the voltage quality of a given three phase supply from the two aspects mentioned above.
Three-phase Frequency Measurement under Non-sinusoidal Conditions Using the Static Reference Frame.
Authors: M. Mañana  , Ortiz, A  , Pérez, S  , Renedo, C.  , Eguíluz, L.I
Published: July 2017

The  utilization  of  Clark’s  transformation  in  the  estimation   of   the   power   system   frequency   provides   more   robustness  to  the  classical  single-phase  methods.  One  of  the  advantages   of   this   technique   is   that   extract   the   frequency   information   contained   in   the   three-phase   system.   This   is   particularly  important  when  asymmetric  sag  generates  a  zero  voltage in one of the three phases.
A New Tool for Large Scale Power System Transient Security Assessment.
Authors: M. BOUDOUR  , A. HELLAL
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the nonlinear mapping relation between the transient energy margin and the generator power at different fault clearing time and load levels was established by using the self-organizing feature map. Lyapunov’s direct method was used as a fast method to obtain the training set of the neural network. The transient security power limits of the generator at different fault clearing time and load levels were estimated very fast by the self-organizing mapping. A comparative study with the analytical sensitivity approach shows that the proposed method avoids the necessity of finding the analytical sensitivity of the transient energy margin to parameter changes, and can fast estimate transient security power limits at different fault clearing time and load levels of the system. Preliminary results carried out on a 7 machine-CIGRE test system are reported
Simulation of a Hybrid System Wind Turbine-Battery-Ultracapacitor.
Authors: H. Bludszuweit  , J.M. Fandos  , J.A. Domínguez  , A. Llombart  , J. Sanz
Published: July 2017

In order to improve the predictability of power generation from wind, short term energy storage in batteries combined with ultra capacitors (UCaps) is proposed. The system is simulated with SIMULINK and contains detailed models of a lead acid battery pack and a simple model of the UCap bank. The wind energy conversion system (WECS) is simulated by measured time series with a time resolution of one second.
The objective of the simulation is to determinate the system configuration that is able to guarantee a predictable energy output to the grid during a given time interval. Within this time, the storage system should be able to compensate all type of rapid changes originated by wind speed fluctuations. Another important issue is the integration of an ultra capacitor bank. It is investigated its influence on the charge and discharge stress of the battery.
It is demonstrated that quick changes in wind power generation can be covered by a reasonable size of battery capacity for a prediction time interval of 10 min. Very short transients in energy flow (1-10 s) are absorbed by the UCap bank which minimizes the deterioration of the battery because important current peaks do not reach the battery.
The final system design is based on measurements at a 600 kW constant speed WECS. Its typical, very sharp changes in power output (more than 200 kW/s possible) are smoothed by a 500 Ah lead acid battery with 300 cells in series (voltage range: 480 – 720 V). In parallel to the battery a 10 F UCap bank is connected. To hold 720 V, the bank consists of 240 UCaps connected in series (3 V / 2400 F each).
Dynamic Performance Implications of the Power Conditioner Grid-Connected for Photovoltaic Source.
Authors: C. Peraza  , F. González-Longatt  , C. Villanueva
Published: July 2017

The abstract in placed in the left-hand column and starts at about 11 cm from de top of the page. It should give concise information on the aims, the methods, the results  and  the  conclusions  of  the  paper.  Its  length  should  not  exceed 200 words.
Software for the Calculation of Otimization and Technical-Economical Viability for Pumping Stations with the Integration of Renewable Energies.
Authors: E. Sainz  , J.F.Sanz  , M. Sanz  , M. Navarro
Published: July 2017

The wind power energy, in addition to the problem related to its randomness, has the disadvantage which it needs a high electrical infrastructure, what means that wind power generating systems must be made with great number of machines to assure its yield. It is also necessary an important infrastructure in the electrical net, and it is the main reason which explain the bureaucratic disadvantages for connecting the wind turbines to the net. Nevertheless, if it is considered its integration with other systems, sharing part of the infrastructure, its cost of installation diminishes and its yield increases, still with smaller number of machines and equivalent hours. In this paper it’s shown a computer science tool that studies the combination of a large pumping station for irrigation with renewable power supports. This tool analyzes the optimal dimensions of all elements of the installation, as well as it considers the economic returns that will be derived from its operation. This study has been done in the area of “Andorra” (Teruel, Spain)
Brushless Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Generator Model for Variable Speed Wind Generation Systems.
Authors: F. Blázquez  , C. Veganzones  , D. Ramírez
Published: July 2017

Because of the raising percentage of the wind energy in the total electrical energy, quality control and regulation of the provided energy will be needed for the electrical grid correct functioning. It is only possible using Variable Speed Wind Generation Systems (VSWGS).
In this paper a new electrical generator, Brushless Doubly-Fed Asynchronous Generator (BDFAG) is proposed as a solution for a variable speed wind generation system. The stator of this machine is composed of two balanced three-phase windings with different pole pair number. The rotor is as robust as a conventional squirrel cage, but it has a special design.
A steady state model of a BDFAG. is analyzed. Using this model the power balance in the stator windings and the rotor cage is evaluated. The evaluation results will be experimentally verified with a prototype of BDFAG.
Graphical Environment to Study Reliability of Electric Power Distribution Systems.
Authors: José L. Bernal-Agustín  , Rodolfo Dufo-López  , Rodolfo Dufo-López  , Héctor Ortiz-de-Landázuri-Díaz  , José M. Yusta-Loyo  , Javier Contreras  , José A. Domínguez-Navarro  , C. Monteiro  , Franklin Mendoza
Published: July 2017

In this paper we present an application for reliability studies of electric power distribution systems. These studies are easily carried out using a graphical interface that allows interaction with the user. The program is capable of evaluating a reliability index and allows the modification of features related to the distribution network or related to the way in which service restoration is done when there is a fault in the system. Thus, it is possible to study several reliability improvement measures as shown in an example in this paper.
Active and Reactive Power Management of Grid Connected Variable Speed Permanent Magnet Generator Wind Turbine.
Authors: A. E. Haniotis  , J. A. Katsigiannis  , P. S. Georgilakis  , A. G. Kladas
Published: July 2017

In this paper a variable speed generating unit is considered, equipped with permanent magnet generator. The system analysis involves appropriate models for the generator, the static converter and the grid. Moreover, an asynchronous generator mounted on the same rotor with dump loads ensures braking actions and management of the active power produced. The modelling of the generator and power electronics interface is presented and checked with measurements realized in a 2 kW prototype in dynamic conditions.
Wind Turbine Operation in Power Systems and Grid Connection Requirements.
Authors: A. Sudria  , M. Chindris  , A. Sumper  , G. Gross  , F. Ferrer
Published: July 2017

This paper discusses the impact of wind turbine generation systems operation connected to power systems, and describes the main power quality parameters and requirements on such generations.
Furthermore, it deals with the complexities of modeling wind turbine generation systems connected to the power grid, i.e. modeling of electrical, mechanical and aerodynamic components of the wind turbine system, including the active and reactive power control. In order to analyze power quality phenomena related to wind power generation, digital computer simulation is required to solve the complex differential equations.
Other important factors analyzed in this paper are grid connection requirements for connecting large wind farms to the power grid, specified by system operators all over Europe. The requirements, which include voltage and frequency stability, the ability to supply reactive power and responses to fault conditions, and active power control and power factor, are compared by the most important European wind power producers. Finally, a methodology for impact determination is proposed.
High Power UPS Selection Methodology and Installation Guideline for High Reliability Power Supply.
Authors: A. Sudria  , E. Jaureguialzo  , A. Sumper  , R. Villafáfila  , J. Rull
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the most common UPS technologies for high power available on the market and compares their functional parameters. Also it presents the most important UPS parameters that must be considered to design the high reliability facility. Different configurations and the influence of the parameters on the UPS operation are discussed. All steps of this selection process were put into practice in order to select UPS systems for installations of RETEVSION, one of the most important telecommunication companies in Spain. The operation behavior of the installed UPS was confirmed by on site measurements.
Electric Fault Location Methods Implemented on an Electric Distribution Network.
Authors: M. Vinyoles  , J. Meléndez  , S. Herraiz  , J. Sánchez  , M. Castro
Published: July 2017

This paper compares two electric fault location techniques, [1]&[2]. Using prefault and fault data (voltages and currents) and a model of the network, the algorithms can give an approximation of the actual fault location. They were chosen because the final aim is to implement them on a real distribution network, where we have registered faults with the prefault and fault information, and where the parameters of the network are known. Both techniques were implemented on simple lines and tested through simulations. The results obtained, showed that Ratan Das algorithm was giving better approximations to the actual fault. On a second step the algorithms were implemented on a real distribution network. The results also showed that Ratan Das algorithm give better results and is less sensible to fault impedance, a parameter that in the majority of cases is unknown. An application with a graphical user interface has been created to execute the methods, but also to execute the necessary previous steps: obtain the phasors of the fault, either through a simulation or loading actual registered faults, graphical representation of waveforms and phasors... In conclusion, the Saha method is easy to implement but an evaluation of the fault resistance is needed, and this let the method to be more sensible at uncertainties.
Power Quality as a Reliability Problem for Electronic Equipment.
Authors: A. Victor A. Anunciada  , Hugo Ribeiro
Published: July 2017

Power quality standards introduce the definitions of several power quality disturbances and define limits for their amplitudes, repetition rates and, or maximum number of occurrences in a time period. The definitions of those parameters result from the observation of the disturbance phenomena in the networks and are not related with the consequences of power quality disturbances in the reliability of electronic equipments. In this paper, are described the main reliability effects caused by power quality problems, in electronic equipment. The authors explain the physical limitations of power supplies, concerning power quality problems and developed a simple, low cost power quality analyser, designed for the evaluation of the parameters that are critical to the failure rates of electronic equipment.
High Speed Monitoring System for Electrical Equipments.
Authors: M. Brojboiu  , V. Ivanov  , S. Ivanov
Published: July 2017

The modern electric equipments include performant monitoring systems based on microcontrollers. The hardware architecture and software structure depend on the application.
The paper deals with an experimental monitoring system developed based on a versatile microcontroller and suited transducers, as well as with the user interface that allows the on-line configuration of the hardware system.
In order to obtain an optimised code, the assembling programming was chosen, by using the well developed interruption system of the microcontroller. The user interface was developed by the way of Graphic User Interface of Matlab.
Secondary Load-Frequency Control for MicroGrids in Islanded Operation.
Authors: A. Madureira  , C. Moreira  , J. Peças Lopes
Published: July 2017

The objective of this paper is to present novel control strategies for MicroGrid operation, especially in islanded mode. The control strategies involve mainly the coordination of secondary load-frequency control by a MicroGrid Central Controller that heads a hierarchical control system able to assure stable and secure operation when the islanding of the MicroGrid occurs and in load-following situations in islanded mode.