bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hearsay, Confessions and Mobile Telephones
Authors: Hirst Michael
Published: February 2012

This article examines the concepts of hearsay and relevance as they apply to evidence derived from messages and call logs, etc. found on mobile telephones. In some cases such evidence may also raise issues as to the relationship between the statutory rules governing hearsay and those specifically governing confessions by defendants, and in particular their possible use against other defendants who may be incriminated by them.

The Court of Appeal has examined these issues on a number of occasions, notably in the case of R v Twist (2011), but I will argue here that a number of mistakes have been made and some difficulties have been misunderstood or overlooked.
A Beastly Provision: Why the Offence of ‘Intercourse with an Animal’ Must Be Butchered
Authors: Jones Imogen
Published: February 2012

This article examines the offence of ‘Intercourse with an animal’ in s.69 of the Sexual Offences Act 2003. It asks whether s. 69 is compatible with liberal justifications for criminalising such behaviour and questions if the way in which the offence is constructed is defensible. Arguments grounded in the concepts of autonomy, consent and rights are rendered irrelevant when placed against the context of the use of animals by humans more generally. Concurrently, limiting the offence to penile penetration draws an illogical line, excluding harmful and sexually deviant behaviour from the ambit of the offence. Consequently, it is argued that the offence needs to be reconsidered by the legislature in order to achieve a more consistent, principled and rationally defensible approach to interspecies sexual acts.
A Comparison of the Effectiveness of Pre- and Post-Employment Modes of Higher Education for Student Police Officers
Authors: Blakemore Brian , Simpson Kevin
Published: February 2012

Several police services have aligned themselves in a variety of modes with higher education (HE) since 2005 as part of the localisation of the Initial Police Learning and Development Programme (IPLDP). The two main modes for delivering HE are analysed and compared. The concept of the reflective practitioner, how this might be achieved and the effectiveness of reflective practice will be used to compare the effectiveness of the two modes of delivery. One important aspiration of the modern police service is to reflect fully the constituency and communities that each service represents. The application of HE delivery modes to police recruitment may seem to threaten meeting these equal opportunity aspirations; the validity of such assumptions will be considered.
Factors Shaping Police Retention: Does Herzberg's Theory of Satisfaction Hold?
Authors: Monk-Turner Elizabeth , O'Leary Daniel , Sumter Melvina
Published: February 2012

Little research explores factors that shape retention among police officers. This article reports on our work of testing how well the idea of intrinsic variables being related to job satisfaction and extrinsic variables being associated with dissatisfaction at work (Herzberg et al., 1959) holds in understanding workplace issues today. We explore how police officers express the positive and challenging aspects of their job. Responses from interviews with sworn officers have generally support Herzberg's proposition. We find four theme units related to intrinsic variables have emerged around the positive aspects of police work with impact on retention: helping others, seeing the work as interesting and challenging, having a degree of control in the work environment, as well as the team organisation of police work.
Research and Policing in Times of Austerity
Authors: Gravelle James , Rogers Colin
Published: February 2012

This article considers the importance of independent research into the police organisation in times of austerity. By examining police organisational culture, the current economic climate and the recent change in government, the article illustrates the advantages for the police when engaging with external organisations for the purposes of research. Such engagement would assist in maintaining or increasing public confidence whilst also providing greater transparency and accountability. Using previous research experience as a benchmark, this article will highlight the particular difficulties in researching the police organisation. In times of austerity, budgetary constraints placed on the police service will have a significant impact on research and it is suggested that the police may retreat from external research, preferring instead either to conduct ‘in-house’ research on a smaller scale or perhaps more likely to postpone research altogether. Cutting staff investment and research may only provoke the police service to return to former cultural enclaves, resulting in the police service becoming more insular and narrowly focused in its long-term objectives. As a result, the future of policing throughout the United Kingdom may become less assured and lead to a decrease in public support.
Working Together: Governing and Advising the Police
Authors: Murji Karim
Published: February 2012

Drawing on the ideas of critical friendship and the ladder of participation, this article seeks to characterise and comprehend both statutory and voluntary working relationships the police are involved in. These ideas are widely used and their usefulness and limits are explored through a focus on community engagement and independent advisory groups (IAGs), and governance through a police authority. These two cases reveal that various ‘steps' on the ladder can be applied and that critical friends can play various roles but that there are also numerous complications around that. One of these is applying critical friendship to groups ‘inside’ and outside’ the police. While there is a lack of information about the content of critical friendly advice and no way of assessing its impact, this article concludes that the term is of some value for what it suggests about what makes for more effective critical friendship.
Variation in State Unintended Pregnancy Rates In the United States
Authors: Kost Kathryn , Finer Lawrence B. , Singh Susheela
Published: February 2012

CONTEXT:
Newly available data show large differences in rates of unintended pregnancy across states. Because key policy and program decisions that could affect these rates are made by state governments, it is important to assess whether characteristics of the states are associated with this variation.

METHODS:
Regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between the variation in state unintended pregnancy rates in 2006 and state‐level aggregate measures of demographic composition, socioeconomic conditions, contraceptive use, and funding of and access to family planning services.

RESULTS:
State unintended pregnancy rates were positively associated with the proportion of resident women who were black or Hispanic. However, these associations were almost entirely accounted for by differences in the age and marital status of women, the proportion without health insurance and the proportion receiving Medicaid. In addition, these last two measures were strongly associated with state unintended pregnancy rates after the other measures were controlled for: An increase in the proportion of women uninsured was associated with elevated unintended pregnancy rates, and an increase in the proportion receiving Medicaid coverage was associated with reduced rates.

CONCLUSIONS:
State programs and policies should pay particular attention to increasing support for family planning services for minority groups. Findings also suggest that insurance coverage and receipt of Medicaid among women of reproductive age deserve further exploration as potentially important mechanisms for reducing state unintended pregnancy rates.
Robuste und energieeffiziente Bordnetzarchitekturen
Authors: Brabetz Ludwig , Hochrein Paul
Published: February 2012

Die kontinuierliche Zunahme von elektrischen und elektronischen (EE) Komponenten und Systemen im Fahrzeug hat zur Folge, dass ihr Anteil an der gesamten Energie- und Leistungsbilanz immer bedeutender wird und die Zahl sicherheitskritischer elektrisch basierter Funktionen signifikant ansteigt. Für die Energieversorgung wird daher eine sehr gute Energieeffizienz bei gleichzeitig extrem hoher Versorgungszuverlässigkeit und -qualität gefordert. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden hierfür allgemeine Ansätze vorgestellt und anhand einer versorgungsabhängigen Leistungsregelung vertieft.
The role of FDG PET/CT discovering the cause of fever of unknown origin
Authors: Szűcs Bernadett , Nagy Edit , Talev Stefan , Garai Ildikó , Galuska László
Published: February 2012

The fever of unknown origin from time to time constitutes a serious clinical problem and nearly all diagnostic methods are involved to discover urgently its cause. According to literature data 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET/CT was successful in 25-70% of cases even in patients without any positive findings with conventional diagnostic techniques. The Hungarian National Health Fund does not include fever of unknown origin in the list of reimbursed 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET/CT indications. The authors try to illustrate the clinical problem with this case report. Fever of unknown origin persisted in a patient for a year, but conventional diagnostic procedures were unsuccessful to find the cause of the fever. Finally, 18F-fluoro-deoxyglucose PET/CT indicated a metabolically active focus between the pancreas tail and the spleen. After a long-lasting antibiotic therapy the patient became symptomfree. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 227–231.
Autoimmune comorbidity and microvascular complications in childhood-onset type 1 diabetes after 20 years of diabetes duration. A questionnaire study
Authors: H. Nagy Katalin , Rózsai Barnabás , Kürti Kálmán , Rippl Ilona , Erhardt Éva , Kozári Adrienne , Pákozdiné Vajda Erika , Czvenitsné Árkus Ágnes , Soltész Gyula
Published: February 2012

There are no population-based data on the autoimmune morbidity and vascular complications of young adults with childhood-onset type 1 diabetes in Hungary. Aims: To assess the prevalence of these morbidities after 20 years of diabetes duration. Method: Postal questionnaire. Results: 6.2% of the patients had celiac disease. Diabetes was diagnosed at a significantly earlier age in patients with diabetes and celiac disease as compared to those without celiac diasease. Thyroid autoimmunity was reported in 7.6% of cases. They were significantly older with longer duration of diabetes. Every fifth patients reported retinopathy, one sixth of patients was treated for hypertension. Neuropathy was found in 3.4% and kidney disease in 4.8% of the cases. Conclusions: Apart from retinopathy and hypertension, the prevalence of microvascular complications was relatively low. Considering the limitations of questionnaire studies, laboratory screening is warranted to assess the true prevalence of comorbidities and complications. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 222–226.
High-Throughput Screening of Catalytic Materials for JP-8 Fuel Cracking to Liquefied Petroleum Gas
Authors: Bedenbaugh John E. , Ashok Jangam , Chien Andrew , Kim Sungtak , Salim Shahriar , Glascock Mary , Lauterbach Jochen
Published: February 2012

A high-throughput methodology is applied for the discovery and optimization of novel catalyst formulations to convert readily available hydrocarbon-based JP-8 fuel directly into a lighter hydrocarbon product suitable for portable power applications utilizing LPG-powered fuel cells. In addition to catalytic cracking challenges, JP-8 cracking poses other challenges including high sulfur content (up to 3,000 ppmw) and significant concentration of aromatics, which are precursors to coking. An existing 16-channel high-throughput reactor system was modified for the JP-8 catalytic cracking studies. The catalyst support material was of primary importance in determining cracking activity. Alumina-based catalytic materials demonstrate the greatest activity for conversion of JP-8 to LPG during catalytic cracking at reactor temperatures above 600°C. This is attributed to the importance of acidic reaction sites within the structure of the catalytic support. The addition of noble metals to the alumina-based materials does not yield significant improvements in JP-8 conversion.
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Cotreatment for Preservation of Ovarian Function
Authors: Blumenfeld Zeev
Published: February 2012

The phase II study of leuprolide for ovarian function preservation in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients by Cheng, Takagi, Milbourne et al. (The Oncologist 2012; 17:000–000) is reviewed.
The importance of space, time, and stochasticity to the demography and management of Alliaria petiolata
Authors: Evans Jeffrey A. , Davis Adam S. , Raghu S. , Ragavendran Ashok , Landis Douglas A. , Schemske Douglas W.
Published: February 2012

As population modeling is increasingly called upon to guide policy and management, it is important that we understand not only the central tendencies of our study systems, but the consequences of their variation in space and time as well. The invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) is actively managed in the United States and is the focus of a developing biological control program. Two weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Ceutorhynchus) that reduce fecundity (C. alliariae) and rosette survival plus fecundity (C. scrobicollis) are under consideration for release pending host specificity testing. We used a demographic modeling approach to (1) quantify variability in A. petiolata growth and vital rates and (2) assess the potential for single‐ or multiple‐agent biocontrol to suppress growth of 12 A. petiolata populations in Illinois and Michigan studied over three plant generations. We used perturbation analyses and simulation models with stochastic environments to estimate stochastic growth rates (λS) and predict the probability of successful management using either a single biocontrol agent or two agent species together. Not all populations exhibited invasive dynamics. Estimates of λS ranged from 0.78 to 2.21 across sites, while annual, deterministic growth (λ) varied up to sevenfold within individual sites. Given our knowledge of the biocontrol agents, this analysis suggests that C. scrobicollis alone may control A. petiolata at up to 63% of our study sites where λS > 1, with the combination of both agents predicted to succeed at 88% of sites. Across sites and years, the elasticity rankings were dependent on λ. Reductions of rosette survival, fecundity, or germination of new seeds are predicted to cause the greatest reduction of λ in growing populations. In declining populations, transitions affecting seed bank survival have the greatest effect on λ. This contrasts with past analyses that varied parameters individually in an otherwise constant matrix, which may yield unrealistic predictions by decoupling natural parameter covariances. Overall, comparisons of stochastic and deterministic growth rates illustrate how analyses of individual populations or years could misguide management or fail to characterize complex traits such as invasiveness that emerge as attributes of populations rather than species.
A Prospective Study of Sexual Assault and Alcohol Use Among First-Year College Women
Authors: Mouilso Emily R. , Fischer Sarah , Calhoun Karen S.
Published: February 2012

This study prospectively examined the relation between alcohol use and sexual assault in a sample (N = 319) of first-year college women. Both frequency of drinking and frequency of binge drinking were measured. Over the course of their freshman year, 19.3% reported experiencing at least one sexual assault. Frequent binge drinking and frequent drinking predicted a subsequent sexual assault; however, experiencing a sexual assault did not predict changes in alcohol use. Frequent binge drinking demonstrated a stronger association with sexual assault than did frequent drinking. Findings help clarify the relation between alcohol use and sexual assault in college women and call for continued differentiation in assessment of alcohol use.
Self-Care in Palliative Care: A Way of Being
Authors: Breiddal Susan Mary Fownes
Published: February 2012

In the field of palliative care, self-care has been socially constructed to refer to a series of disconnected activities that are a response to stress that has been ineffective in preventing or ameliorating stress and burnout. This study was designed to reveal the use of the term self-care as presented in the text Caregiver Stress and Staff Support in Illness, Dying, and Bereavement (Renzenbrink, 2011), using a method based on grounded theory, discourse analysis. By examining the term self-care in the context of this written text, we see that self-care has evolved to mean a proactive and responsive way of being that is embedded in the values, responsibilities, and resources of the organization and the people within the organization. This leads to heightened internal consciousness which spurs actions that create balance and a way of being that cares for the self/Self. When there is balance, self-care is generated and valued, and so it continues in a reflexive loop. A model is presented that can serve to assist organizations in embedding self-care into the system.
Life Will Never Be the Same Again: Examining Grief in Survivors Bereaved by Young Suicide
Authors: Bell Jo , Stanley Nicky , Mallon Sharon , Manthorpe Jill
Published: February 2012

This article explores existing assumptions about the nature of bereavement by suicide. Drawing on data from a U.K. study of student suicide, we hope to contribute to a fuller understanding of the uniqueness of bereavement by suicide and new pathways for grief research. In this article we argue that bereavement by suicide has a number of common themes and characteristics. Analyzed in accordance with Jordan's (2001) review, our data supports the idea that the thematic content of the grief associated with suicide bereavement is distinctive and guilt is a particularly important feature. We argue that no other type of death is likely to bestow this particular negative emotion on survivors in equivalent measure. Findings on the impact of social processes and family systems were mixed. Explanations to account for these data along with recommendations for intervention and research are discussed.
Randomized Trial Assessing the Effects of Ergocalciferol Administration on Circulating FGF23
Authors: Burnett-Bowie Sherri-Ann M. , Leder Benjamin Z. , Henao Maria P. , Baldwin Chantel M. , Hayden Douglas L. , Finkelstein Joel S.
Published: February 2012

Background and objectives

Fibroblast growth factor 23 is a phosphate- and vitamin D–regulating hormone. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of ergocalciferol administration on fibroblast growth factor 23 levels in healthy vitamin D–deficient subjects.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

In this 12-week trial conducted in a clinical research center, 18- to 45-year-old subjects (n=90) with 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels ≤20 ng/ml (by chemiluminescent immunoassay) were randomized to weekly ergocalciferol treatment of 50,000 international units or placebo, while consuming a self-selected diet. Changes in fibroblast growth factor 23, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectroscopy), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and serum phosphate were measured.

Results

Mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P<0.0001), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P=0.01), and fibroblast growth factor 23 (P=0.003) increased in the treatment versus placebo group. In the treatment group, 25-hydroxyvitamin D increased from 18±7 to 40±12 ng/ml at week 4 (P<0.0001) and remained stable at 43±12 ng/ml at week 12 (P<0.0001); 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D increased from 42±17 to 52±18 pg/ml at week 4 (P<0.001) and then remained stable, and fibroblast growth factor 23 increased from 43±17 to 60±33 pg/ml at week 8 (P=0.001) and 74±42 pg/ml at week 12 (P<0.0001). Urinary phosphate excretion increased within the treatment group, but parathyroid hormone and serum phosphate were unchanged.

Conclusions

Ergocalciferol administration increases circulating fibroblast growth factor 23. When measuring fibroblast growth factor 23, concurrent 25-hydroxyvitamin D measurements should be obtained, because vitamin D deficiency may lower circulating fibroblast growth factor 23 levels.
Glycosaminoglycans in the urinary bladder mucosa, tumor tissue and mucosal tissue around tumor
Authors: Bojanic Nebojsa , Nale Djordje , Micic Sava , Lalic Natasa , Vuksanovic Aleksandar , Tulic Cane
Published: February 2012

Introduction/Aim. Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are one of the main constituents
of the connective tissue and cellular membrane. Their presence has been
evidenced in mucosa and muscular tissue of the urinary bladder of both
healthy individuals and those affected by carcinoma. This suggest their
potential role in the onset of bladder carcinoma and follow-up of those
patients. The aim of the study was to determine GAG levels in tumor tissue
and the surrounding bladder mucosa in patients with bladder tumor, as well as
in the bladder mucosa in patients with bladder carcinoma, and to compare the
results according to the grade and stage of tumor and relapse. Methods.
Tissue samples were taken in 61 patients (48 males and 13 females), mean age
61.5 years, range 40-92 years, obtained by transurethral resection (TUR) of
bladder tumor, and 8 healthy persons. Determination of a total GAG content in
the tissue samples was done by the Whiteman's method and then compared
regarding the tumor grade and stage. Results. Tumor grade and stage directly
correlated with the levels of GAG. The GAG levels were significantly higher
in tumor samples as compared to healthy mucosa. Conclusion. Higher GAG levels
were recorded in all the patients with bladder tumors comparing to smples
obtained from healthy individuals. GAG levels do not predict tumor relapse.
Frequency and changes in trends of leading risk factors of coronary heart disease in women in the city of Novi Sad during a 20-year period
Authors: Rakic Dusica , Jakovljevic Djordje
Published: February 2012

Backround/Aim. From 1984 to 2004 the city of Novi Sad participated through
its Health Center ?Novi Sad? in the international Multinational MONItoring of
Trends and Determinants in CArdiovascular Disease (MONICA) project, as one of
the 38 research centers in 21 countries around the world. The aim of this
study was to determine frequency and changes of trends in leading risk
factors of coronary heart disease (CHD) and to analyze the previous trend of
movement of coronary event in women in Novi Sad during a 20- year period.
Methods. In 2004, the fourth survey within MONICA project was conducted in
the city of Novi Sad. The representative sample included 1,041 women between
the age of 25 and 74. The prevalence of risk factors in CHD such as smoking,
high blood pressure, elevated blood cholesterol, elevated blood glucose and
obesity was determined. Also, indicators of risk factors and rates of
coronary events in women were compared with the results from MONICA project
obtained in previous three screens, as well as with the results from other
research centres. ?2-test, linear trend and correlartion coefficient were
used in statistical analysis of results obtained. Results. It was observed
that during a 20-year period covered by the study, the prevalence of the
leading risk factors for the development of CHD in the surveyed women was
significantly increasing and in positive correlation with the values of
linear trend. Also, the increase of morbidity rates and mortality rates of
coronary event were in positive correlation. The decrease was only recorded
in the period from 1985-1989 (the implementation of the intervention
programme). Conclusion. Upon analysing the increase in prevalence of leading
risk factors of CHD and significant increase in the rates of coronary event,
we can conclude that health status of women in Novi Sad during a 20-year
period was deteriorating.
Immediate implant loading with fixed dental restorations: An animal model study
Authors: Spadijer-Gostovic Aleksandra , Todorovic Aleksandar , Lazic Vojkan , Todorovic Ana , Milinkovic Iva , Lekovic Vojislav
Published: February 2012

Background/Aim. Immediate loading is considered to be the most innovative
technique in contemporary implant dentistry. Recent clinical and
experimental findings have demonstrated that only implants with high primary
stability can be subjected to immediate loading protocol with predictable
results. It is generally accepted that the most important prerequsite for
successful osseointegration is achievement and maintenance of implant
stability. The aim of this in vivo study was to investigate the possibility
for successful application of immediate loading protocol in implant systems
with different surface properties. Methods. In the experimental study 2
mongrel dogs were edentulated bilaterally in the mandibular and maxillary
premolar areas. After 3 months implants were placed in a pattern 4 different
commercially available implants per quadrant (n = 32): Mk III TiUnite (Nobel
Biocare, Sweden), ITI TPS (Straumann, Switzerland), 3IOsseotite (Implant
Innovation, USA) and XiVE Cell-Plus (Friadent, Germany). Implants were
subjected to immediate loading with 4 unit gold cast bridges, 2 days post
implantation. The assessment of implant stability and immediate loading
possibilities were done by performing Resonance frequency analysis (RFA).
Results. After a 6- month loading period all bridges were in function and
all implants occurred well osseointegrated. When summarizing the Implant
Stability Quotient (ISQ) values, it was noted that resonance frequency was
significantly higher for mandibular implants. The results of this
experimental setting showed that all evaluated surfaces achieved good
implant stability. Increase of ISQ values was found for all implants in the
mandible and partially decrease of ISQ values for maxillary implants after 6
months of functional loading with 4 unit bridges. Conclusions. Investigated
endooseal implants did not show different degree of osseointegration,
because there was not statisticaly significant difference among observed
parameters (ISQh i ISQp) between implant systems.
Stress-free state of the red blood cell membrane and the deformation of its skeleton
Authors: Švelc Tjaša , Svetina Saša
Published: February 2012

The response of a red blood cell (RBC) to deformation depends on its membrane, a composite of a lipid bilayer and a skeleton, which is a closed, twodimensional network of spectrin tetramers as its bonds. The deformation of the skeleton and its lateral redistribution are studied in terms of the RBC resting state for a fixed geometry of the RBC, partially aspirated into a micropipette. The geometry of the RBC skeleton in its initial state is taken to be either two concentric circles, a references biconcave shape or a sphere. It is assumed that in its initial state the skeleton is distributed laterally in a homogeneous manner with its bonds either unstressed, presenting its stress-free state, or prestressed. The lateral distribution was calculated using a variational calculation. It was assumed that the spectrin tetramer bonds exhibit a linear elasticity. The results showed a significant effect of the initial skeleton geometry on its lateral distribution in the deformed state. The proposed model is used to analyze the measurements of skeleton extension ratios by the method of applying two modes of RBC micropipette aspiration.
An Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform from the Vâlcan Mountains (Southern Carpathians, Romania): paleoenvironmental interpretation
Authors: Michetiuc Mihai , Catincuţ Camelia , Bucur Ioan
Published: February 2012

An Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous carbonate platform from the Vâlcan Mountains (Southern Carpathians, Romania): paleoenvironmental interpretation

The results of a biostratigraphic and sedimentological study of the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous limestones cropping out in the southern sector of the Vâlcan Mountains in Romania are presented, including the definition of microfacies types, fossil assemblages and environmental interpretation. Six microfacies types (MFT 1-MFT 6) have been identified, each of them pointing to a specific depositional environment. The deposits are characteristic of a shallow carbonate platform. They contain normal marine or restricted marine facies deposited in low or high energy environments from the inner, middle and outer platform. The age attribution of these deposits (Late Jurassic to Berriasian-Valanginian-?Hauterivian, and Barremian) is based on foraminiferal and calcareous algae associations. The micropaleontological assemblage is exceptionally rich in the Vâlcan Mountains and brings new arguments for dating the Upper Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous limestones in this area.
Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts from the North Alpine Foreland Basin: new data from the Eggerding Formation (Austria)
Authors: Soliman Ali
Published: February 2012

Oligocene dinoflagellate cysts from the North Alpine Foreland Basin: new data from the Eggerding Formation (Austria)

In spite of detailed geological and geophysical investigations, information available on palynostratigraphy for the successions deposited in the Austrian part of the North Alpine Foreland Basin (NAFB) is scanty. For the first time, relatively diverse and well preserved Oligocene dinocyst assemblages, comprising 53 genera and 138 species, are presented from the organic-rich sediments of the Eggerding Formation. These assemblages contribute to the biostratigraphy of the Oligocene deposits within the NAFB. Dinocysts such asChiropteridium lobospinosum, Membranophoridium aspinatum, Cordosphaeridiumspp.,Enneadocystaspp.,Deflandreaspp.,Spiniferites/Achomosphaeragroup,Hystrichokolpomaspp.,Apteodiniumspp.,Glaphyrocysta/Areoligeracomplex andWetzeliellaspp. represent the main palynological elements. The occurrence ofChiropteridiumspp.,Tuberculodinium vancampoae, Distatodinium biffiiandWetzeliella gochtiiis of particular importance for regional correlations within the Lower Oligocene sediments. A comparison with age-controlled assemblages from the North Sea Basin, Carpathian and circum-Mediterranean regions substantiate the attribution to the Rupelian. Lack or sporadic occurrence of the oceanic taxa (e.g.NematosphaeropsisandImpagidinium) and dominance ofGlaphyrocysta/Areoligeraindicate an inner-neritic marine setting during the deposition of the studied intervals. Although, it is difficult to reconstruct precisely the climatic conditions based on the recorded dinocysts, warm? sea surface water is suggested. A variation in salinities is interpreted based on the abundances ofHomotrybliumspp. The abundance of Peridiniaceae taxa (e.g.Lejeunecysta, Wetzeliella, and Deflandrea) indicates nutrient-rich surface water.
Sapphires related to alkali basalts from the Cerová Highlands, Western Carpathians (southern Slovakia): composition and origin
Authors: Uher Pavel , Giuliani Gaston , Szakáll Sándor , Fallick Anthony , Strunga Vladimír , Vaculovič Tomáš , Ozdín Daniel , Gregáňová Margaréta
Published: February 2012

Sapphires related to alkali basalts from the Cerová Highlands, Western Carpathians (southern Slovakia): composition and origin

Blue, grey-pink and pink sapphires from the Cerová Highlands, Western Carpathians (southern Slovakia) have been studied using CL, LA-ICP-MS, EMPA, and oxygen isotope methods. The sapphire occurs as (1) clastic heavy mineral in the secondary sandy filling of a Pliocene alkali basaltic maar at Hajnáčka, and (2) crystals in a pyroxenebearing syenite/anorthoclasite xenolith of Pleistocene alkali basalt near Gortva. Critical evaluation of compositional diagrams (Fe, Ti, Cr, Ga, Mg contents, Fe/Ti, Cr/Ga, Ga/Mg ratios) suggests a magmatic origin for clastic blue sapphires with lower Cr and Mg, but higher Fe and Ti concentrations in comparison to the grey-pink and pink varietes, as well as similar compositional trends with blue sapphire from the Gortva magmatic xenolith. Moreover, blue sapphires show similar δ18O values: 5.1 ‰ in the Gortva xenolith, 3.8 and 5.85 ‰ in the Hajnáčka placer, closely comparable to mantle to lower crustal magmatic rocks. On the contrary, pink and grey-pink sapphires show higher Cr and Mg, but lower Fe and Ti contents and their composition points to a metamorphic (metasomatic) origin.
Conception of the Animated Interface Agent for the Concept Map Based Intelligent Knowledge Assessment System
Authors: Anohina-Naumeca Alla , Lukasenko Romans , Skripkins Dmitrijs
Published: February 2012

Conception of the Animated Interface Agent for the Concept Map Based Intelligent Knowledge Assessment System

The paper presents the conception of the animated interface agent for the concept map based assessment system. The agent is being developed with an aim to solve problems related to rare use or users' unawareness of functional capabilities of the system. The conception consists of agent's goal, functions, inputs, outputs, embodiment, and properties. It is based on the interface agent characteristics and design requirements summarized in the paper, as well as analysis of system needs.
Aspect-Oriented Approach to Implement Message Handler in Multi-agent Systems
Authors: Liekna Aleksis , Grundspeņķis Jānis
Published: February 2012

Aspect-Oriented Approach to Implement Message Handler in Multi-agent Systems

This paper focuses on message handling in multi-agent systems. The proposed approach uses aspect-oriented programming to separate message handling from other agent concerns, thus increasing system's modularity and simplifying modification and expansion. To illustrate the proposed approach in practice, a prototype of a simple knowledge base agent model is implemented. The prototype is built on top of JADE platform. AspectJ is used for aspect-oriented implementation.
Mediated Competency Comparison between Job Descriptions and University Courses
Authors: Rudzajs Peteris , Kirikova Marite
Published: February 2012

Mediated Competency Comparison between Job Descriptions and University Courses

In order to establish and maintain IT empowered cooperation between universities and industrial organizations; on the one hand universities should be informed about trends in the labour market, and on the other hand industrial organizations should have an insight into trends of knowledge development in universities. Furthermore, taking into consideration that a competency is becoming a kind of "currency" in the labour market, there is a need to compare competency demand from the industrial organizations and competency offer from the universities in order to see if the university can satisfy competency needs of industrial organizations. The use of competency frameworks and mappings between competency frameworks can facilitate information exchange about the competencies. The paper describes the method and the prototype for mediated competency comparison with respect to job descriptions and university courses. The prototype conforms to the architecture of collaboration support system and its services that have been designed with the purpose to maintain and exchange information between universities and industrial organizations.
Problems and Perspectives of Code Generation from UML Class Diagram
Authors: Sejans Janis , Nikiforova Oksana
Published: February 2012

Problems and Perspectives of Code Generation from UML Class Diagram

As a result of increasing technological diversity, more attention is being focused on model driven architecture (MDA), and its standard - Unified Modeling Language (UML). UML class diagrams require correct diagram notation mapping to target programming language syntax under the framework of MDA. Currently there are plenty of CASE tools which claim that they are able to generate the source code from UML models. Therefore by combining the knowledge of a programming language, syntax rules and UML class diagram notation semantic, an experimental model for stressing the code generator can be produced, thus allowing comparison of quality of the transformation result. This paper describes a creation of such experimental models.
Model-Driven Testing Approach Based on UML Sequence Diagram
Authors: Grigorjevs Jurijs
Published: February 2012

Model-Driven Testing Approach Based on UML Sequence Diagram

This paper is devoted to model-driven testing technique of testing model generation from UML sequence diagram to UML Testing profile. The article discusses principles of model transformation and shows practical approach to specific model generation from another one. The idea of such transformation is to generate test cases from sequence diagram of the system. Described transformation rules are focused on timing aspect verification and the goal of generated test cases is to cover successful as well as unsuccessful system behaviour. Presented example of model transformation is based on a sequence diagram XMI representation, which firstly is pre-processed and moved into data base structures, and then transformation rules applied to generate testing model from data describing sequence diagram.
Automated Derivation of Use Case Model from Topological Functioning Model
Authors: Murenecs Timofejs , Asnina Erika
Published: February 2012

Automated Derivation of Use Case Model from Topological Functioning Model

The first important step in Model Driven Architecture software development is qualitative analysis and specification of structure and behavior of business and its supporting information system as well as software requirements. We continue the research on achieving a qualitative software requirements model, Use Case Model (UCM), based on a formal business model, Topological Functioning Model (TFM), by using formal model transformations. This paper discusses the results of implementation of the transformation from TFM to UCM by using Query/View/Transformation Relations supported by mediniQvt.
UML Diagram Layouting: the State of the Art
Authors: Galapov Arthur , Nikiforova Oksana
Published: February 2012

UML Diagram Layouting: the State of the Art

The usual aim of the modern computer-aided system modelling is to improve a connection between software model and code components. Therefore, the task of a diagram import/export becomes very important during software development. Layouting of diagrams after importation from another tool and application plays the main role. Authors of this paper describe some concepts, which are currently being considered in the area of diagram layouting and indicate several problems and their potential solutions for use in the development of CASE tools.
The Definition of Framework for Automated Creation of Graph Visualization Systems
Authors: Zabiniako Vitaly , Rusakov Pavel
Published: February 2012

The Definition of Framework for Automated Creation of Graph Visualization Systems

In this paper the authors perform an analysis of automated creation of graph visualization systems (GVS). The complete process, starting with definition of functional requirements for GVS and finishing with evaluation of resulting system, is described. The overview of each construction step is provided. The set of metric types is developed for evaluation of resulting GVS. Features of existing solutions are compared with proposed framework. Conclusions are made and further researches are defined.
Map Merging in the Context of Image Processing
Authors: Andersone Ilze
Published: February 2012

Map Merging in the Context of Image Processing

The area of map merging is tightly connected to the area of image processing. Usually metric maps created by robots are represented as occupancy grids. It is easy to apply algorithms used in image processing to this kind of map representation. The image processing subfield that is closest to the map merging is the image registration. It can be assumed that metric map merging methods similarly to the image registration methods consist of three components: feature space, search strategy and similarity metric. Algorithms from image processing can also be used in map merging for map preprocessing. The goal of this paper is to explore similarities between the fields of map merging and image processing and to determine how the results of this research can be used for the development of a map merging framework and consequently new map merging approaches.
The Theoretical Basis and Practical Usage of the Simulation for Creating IT Solutions for Data Management Systems
Authors: Zuravlyov Vadim , Latiseva Eleonora , Karish Vadim
Published: February 2012

The Theoretical Basis and Practical Usage of the Simulation for Creating IT Solutions for Data Management Systems

This paper presents results of the research concerning usage of simulation for creating IT solutions corresponding to the Data-And-Rules-Saved-In-Resource (DARSIR) concept of designing data management systems while using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology. During research typical approaches for creation of simulation tools were studied. DARSIR simulation tool was developed and a practical experiment has been conducted in order to get an IT solution in the form of multiple RPML documents.
The Role of the Latvian District Heating System in the Development of Sustainable Energy Supply
Authors: Bazbauers Gatis , Cimdina Ginta
Published: February 2012

The Role of the Latvian District Heating System in the Development of Sustainable Energy Supply

The aim of the study is to determine whether and to what extent it is possible to use excess electricity produced by wind power plants during low demand periods for district heat production by heat pumps. Energy system analysis on an hourly basis is conducted at various capacities of wind power plants. The results show that it is possible to increase the share of renewable energy sources, decrease the use of primary energy sources and CO2 emissions per unit of the produced energy, i.e. heat and electricity, by using the surplus electricity produced by wind power in the heat pumps combined with the heat storage.
Preliminary Characteristics of Ecological and Socioeconomic Components and their Interaction within the Long Term Socioecological Research Platform of Latvia
Authors: Melecis Viesturs , Krisjane Zaiga , Klavins Maris , Aigars Juris , Elferts Didzis , Viksne Janis
Published: February 2012

Preliminary Characteristics of Ecological and Socioeconomic Components and their Interaction within the Long Term Socioecological Research Platform of Latvia

Review of previous ecological and socioeconomic studies performed in the drainage basin of Lake Engure - the long-term socioecological research region (LT(S)ER) of the National LTER network of Latvia has been given. A number of studies on biodiversity and ecosystem structure of the region were published during the last century. There have been no special socioeconomic studies of the region till now. The data should be collected mostly from different archives and statistical summaries. Biodiversity of the region has been formed over the centuries and is strongly dependent on socioeconomic factors.
A Course on Effective Teacher-Child Interactions
Authors: Hamre Bridget K. , Pianta Robert C. , Burchinal Margaret , Field Samuel , LoCasale-Crouch Jennifer , Downer Jason T. , Howes Carollee , LaParo Karen , Scott-Little Catherine
Published: February 2012

Among 440 early childhood teachers, half were randomly assigned to take a 14-week course on effective teacher-child interactions. This course used the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS) as the basis to organize, describe, and demonstrate effective teacher-child interactions. Compared to teachers in a control condition, those exposed to the course reported more intentional teaching beliefs and demonstrated greater knowledge of and skills in detecting effective interactions. Furthermore, teachers who took the course were observed to demonstrate more effective emotional and instructional interactions. The course was equally effective across teachers with less than an associate’s degree as well as those with advanced degrees. Results have implications for efforts to improve the quality of early childhood programs through the higher education system.
Teach for América
Authors: Irizarry Jason , Donaldson Morgaen L.
Published: February 2012

Motivated by shifting demographics and the persistently low academic performance of Latinas/os in U.S. schools, the authors examine factors that influence the recruitment and retention of Latina/o teachers. Applying Latina/o critical race theory and cross-case analysis to data collected from three groups of Latinas/os at distinct points in the teacher pipeline—high school students, undergraduate preservice teachers, and inservice teachers—the authors conclude that the perspectives and experiences of Latinas/os differ significantly from the dominant narrative on teacher recruitment and retention, which is largely defined by White teachers’ career histories. The findings of this study serve as an important race- and culture-conscious counternarrative that can inform efforts to systematically diversify the teaching profession.
Teacher Professional Development Focusing on Pedagogical Content Knowledge
Authors: Van Driel Jan H. , Berry Amanda
Published: February 2012

Because pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) includes teachers’ understanding of how students learn, or fail to learn, specific subject matter, the development of PCK is an important goal to focus on in professional development programs. The research literature clearly indicates the complex nature of PCK as a form of teachers’ professional knowledge that is highly topic, person, and situation specific. This implies that professional development programs aimed at the development of teachers’ PCK cannot be limited to supplying teachers with input, such as examples of expert teaching of subject matter. Instead, such programs should be closely aligned to teachers’ professional practice and, in addition to providing teachers with specific input, should include opportunities to enact certain instructional strategies and to reflect, individually and collectively, on their experiences.
Southern Exposure: Diefenbaker, Latin America, and the Organization of American States
Authors: McKercher Asa
Published: February 2012

Abstract:

For the first four years of his premiership, Canadian Prime Minister John Diefenbaker took an immense interest in Canada's relations with Latin America. Diefenbaker and his two foreign ministers, Sidney Smith and Howard Green, actively expanded Canadian links to the region and flirted with joining the Organization of American States. In turn, many Latin American political leaders welcomed Ottawa's focus on their region. However, us President John F. Kennedy's own interest in an expanded role for Canada in the Western hemisphere alarmed many Canadians, including the prime minister. This article examines the Canadian government's formulation of Latin American policy and analyzes the interplay between foreign and domestic policy on this question.
L'enseignement d'un vocabulaire disciplinaire dans deux contextes d'immersion universitaire : Quelle approche favoriser?
Authors: Weinberg Alysse , Boukacem Dalila , Burger Sandra
Published: February 2012

Résumé

La présente étude vise à vérifier si un enseignement du vocabulaire dans deux contextes d'immersion différents permet une amélioration des connaissances lexicales. Cet article examinera premièrement le contexte de notre étude effectuée auprès de 11 étudiants en droit et 13 étudiants en histoire inscrits à l'université d'Ottawa dans un cours d'encadrement linguistique associé à un cours d'immersion. Puis, nous décrirons le protocole utilisé : chaque semaine, pendant une session universitaire, les étudiants ont complété une série d'activités reliées à un vocabulaire disciplinaire provenant de leurs lectures et de leurs cours. Nous présenterons également les résultats des analyses aux différents tests (pré-test, post-test et test différé) pour vérifier l'amélioration des connaissances chez les étudiants et la rétention de ce vocabulaire entre le début et la fin de la session, entre les mots enseignés et les mots non enseignés. Nos résultats permettront ainsi de proposer les meilleures approches pédagogiques dans les deux cours visés, approches qui tiendront compte des caractéristiques spécifiques au vocabulaire de chacune des disciplines.