bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuroticism scores increase with late‐life cognitive decline
Authors: Waggel Stephanie E. , Lipnicki Darren M. , Delbaere Kim , Kochan Nicole A. , Draper Brian , Andrews Gavin , Sachdev Perminder S. , Brodaty Henry
Published: January 2015

Objective

Neuroticism has been reported as both a risk factor for cognitive decline and a characteristic that increases in parallel with the development of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, the evidence for these associations is inconclusive, and whether effects are stronger for particular cognitive domains is unknown. We investigated these issues and determined if associations differ among different components of neuroticism.

Methods

A neuroticism scale (NEO‐FFI) and neuropsychological test battery were administered to 603 older adults without dementia, with 493 of these reassessed two years later. Diagnoses of MCI and dementia (at follow‐up) were made, and global cognition and performance in six cognitive domains quantified. The neuroticism components were negative affect, self‐reproach, and proneness to psychological distress.

Results

For the whole sample, neuroticism scores remained stable between baseline (15.3 ± 7.0) and follow‐up (15.5 ± 7.0), as did all neuroticism component scores. However, there were declines in global cognition (p < 0.05) and particular cognitive domains (p < 0.001). Higher neuroticism was associated with poorer cognition cross‐sectionally (p < 0.01), but did not predict cognitive decline. For 43 participants who developed incident MCI or dementia, there were increases in neuroticism (15.3 ± 6.4 to 17.1 ± 8.3, p < 0.05) and negative affect (p < 0.05). Declines in all cognitive measures except executive function were associated with increases in neuroticism and component scores (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

Late‐life cognitive decline is associated with an increase in neuroticism scores. However, associations vary between different cognitive domains and components of neuroticism. An increase in neuroticism or negative affect scores may be a sign of MCI or dementia. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
New double‐layer design for 1‐stage repair of orocutaneous and pharyngocutaneous fistulae in patients with postoperative irradiated head and neck cancer
Authors: Sadigh Parviz L. , Wu Cheng‐Jung , Feng Wen‐Jui , Hsieh Ching‐Hua , Jeng Seng‐Feng
Published: January 2015

Background

The development of a postoperative orocutaneous fistula (OCF) or pharyngocutaneous fistula (PCF) in the irradiated tissues of patients with head and neck cancer represents a high burden of morbidity for the patient. With high postoperative recurrence rates, these fistulae result in a reconstructive challenge for the plastic surgeon. In this study, we propose a new double‐layer design to successfully repair these fistulae in a 1‐stage reconstruction.

Methods

Twelve patients with an average age of 56 years (range, 45–67 years) were operated on between January 2006 and December 2012 using this double‐layer single‐stage technique. All patients had received postoperative radiotherapy after their initial reconstruction. A circumferential turnover flap was designed and raised from the skin surrounding the fistula to recreate inner lining using a tension‐free, water‐tight repair. No debridement of the fistula itself was performed. The second‐layer of the reconstruction, which represents the outer lining, was achieved with either a local or a free flap.

Results

Fistula size ranged from 0.8 × 0.5 cm to 3 × 3.2 cm with a mean size of 2 cm2. The outer lining was achieved using a free flap in 5 cases and a local flap in 7 cases. All the flaps survived completely with no cases of postoperative infection, however, 1 case was complicated by mandibular plate exposure necessitating its removal. No major complication or recurrence has yet been encountered in any of our patients with a mean follow‐up of 28 months (range, 12–78 months).

Conclusion

This 1‐stage double‐layer design can provide a reliable and relatively straightforward means of repairing OCF and PCF in the irradiated tissues of patients with head and neck cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E353–E359, 2016
Head and neck free flap surgical site infections in the era of the Surgical Care Improvement Project
Authors: Yarlagadda Bharat B. , Deschler Daniel G. , Rich Debbie L. , Lin Derrick T. , Emerick Kevin S. , Rocco James W. , Durand Marlene L.
Published: January 2015

Background

Compliance with Surgical Care Improvement Project (SCIP) parameters regarding antibiotic prophylaxis may affect surgical site infection rates. The purpose of this study was for us to report SCIP compliance, surgical site infection rates, and risk factors in a large series of head and neck free flap surgeries.

Methods

A retrospective review of 480 free flap cases was performed. Surgical site infections occurring within 30 days postoperatively were noted.

Results

Surgical site infection occurred in 13.3% of cases. Prophylaxis was given in 99.8% of cases; ampicillin‐sulbactam (83%) and clindamycin (9%) were most common. Prophylaxis was “on‐time” in 92.3% of cases. There were no significant associations between surgical site infection and tumor stage, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification, tumor subsite, or flap type. Prior radiation was a risk factor for surgical site infection in patients treated for malignancy.

Conclusion

A surgical site infection rate of 13.3% was noted. In this cohort, with a compliance rate with prophylactic antibiotic measures, prior radiation was found to be a risk factor only in patients with cancer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E392–E398, 2016
Oral human papillomavirus infection in men who have sex with men with anal squamous intraepithelial lesions
Authors: Prendes Brandon L. , Wang Steven J. , Groppo Eli R. , Eisele David W. , Palefsky Joel M.
Published: January 2015

Background

Little is known about the association between oral and anogenital human papillomavirus (HPV) infections.

Methods

Oral and anal samples from 66 men who have sex with men with a history of HPV‐related anogenital squamous intraepithelial lesions were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and typed for 38 HPV types.

Results

Prevalence of oral HPV infection was 30%, versus 82% for anal infection. Prevalence of oral and anal high‐risk HPV infection was 11% and 64%, respectively. Concurrent oral–anal any‐type HPV infection was found in 26% of participants, whereas concordant type‐specific HPV prevalence was 5%. In multivariate analysis, number of partners from whom the participant received oral–penile sex and number of partners on whom the participant performed oral–penile sex were associated with oral HPV infection.

Conclusion

Oral HPV prevalence in this cohort is high, however, concordant type‐specific oral–anal HPV infection was rare. Increased risk of oral HPV infection was associated with oral–penile sex. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E399–E405, 2016
Frequency and pattern of central lymph node metastasis in papillary carcinoma of the thyroid isthmus
Authors: Song Chang Myeon , Lee Dong Won , Ji Yong Bae , Jeong Jin Hyeok , Park Jung Hwan , Tae Kyung
Published: January 2015

Background

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the frequency and pattern of central lymph node metastasis in isthmic papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).

Methods

We compared the clinical and pathological data of 45 patients with a single isthmic PTC and 149 patients with a single PTC located in the unilateral thyroid lobe, all of whom underwent total thyroidectomy and bilateral central neck dissection.

Results

The rates of clinical, pathologic, and occult central lymph node metastasis were higher in the isthmus group than the non‐isthmus group. Central lymph node metastasis in the pretracheal and bilateral paratracheal lymph nodes was more frequent in the isthmic PTC group than in the non‐isthmus group. On multivariate analysis, isthmic location of the tumor was an independent risk factor for central lymph node metastasis.

Conclusion

Complete bilateral central neck dissection should be considered for isthmic PTC because of the high rate of bilateral central lymph node metastasis, especially to pretracheal and bilateral paratracheal lymph nodes. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E412–E416, 2016
Overt and occult vidian canal involvement in juvenile angiofibroma and its possible impact on recurrence
Authors: Thakar Alok , Hota Ashutosh , Bhalla Ashu Seth , Gupta Siddharth Datta , Sarkar Chitra , Kumar Rakesh
Published: January 2015

Background

Postexcision residual disease in the vidian canal is speculated to contribute to recurrence in juvenile angiofibroma.

Methods

We composed a prospective cohort of 16 consecutive patients with juvenile angiofibroma (stages IIA–IIIB). The presurgical vidian canal assessment was done by contrast‐enhanced CT (1.2 mm collimation). At surgery after complete tumor excision, the vidian canal tissue was sampled for histology. Postexcision drilling of the vidian canal was done in 8 of 15 patients to remove microscopic residual disease, with a 24 to 48 month follow‐up period.

Results

Presurgical radiology indicated ipsilateral vidian canal enlargement (≥3 mm)/destruction in 13 of 16 patients. Radiologically occult involvement was documented only by histology in another 1 of 16 patients. Postexcision sampling of the vidian canal noted microscopic residual tumor in 3 of 15 patients. No recurrences were noted in 8 cases (0 of 8) with postexcision drilling of the vidian canal and 2 recurrences in 7 cases (2 of 7) with no drilling (p = .20).

Conclusion

Vidian canal involvement in juvenile angiofibroma is almost universal (14 of 16) and may be occult to CT evaluation. The site may harbor microscopic residual tumor after seemingly complete excision. Surgical attention toward it may reduce recurrences. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: E421–425, 2016
The Bridging Role of Expatriates and Inpatriates in Knowledge Transfer in Multinational Corporations
Authors: Harzing Anne‐Wil , Pudelko Markus , Sebastian Reiche B.
Published: January 2015

Drawing on the knowledge‐based view of the firm, this article provides the first empirical study that explicitly investigates the relationship between different categories of international assignees and knowledge transfer in multinational corporations (MNCs). Specifically, we examine (1) the extent to which expatriate presence in different functional areas is related to knowledge transfer from and to headquarters in these functions and (2) the extent to which different categories of international assignees (expatriates vs. inpatriates) contribute to knowledge transfer from and to headquarters. We base our investigation on a large‐scale survey, encompassing data from more than 800 subsidiaries of MNCs in 13 countries. By disaggregating the role of knowledge transfer across management functions, directions of knowledge transfer, and type of international assignees, we find that (1) expatriate presence generally increases function‐specific knowledge transfer from and, to a lesser extent, to headquarters; and that (2) the relevance of expatriates and former inpatriates varies for knowledge flows between headquarters and subsidiaries. Additionally, we discuss implications for research and practice, in particular regarding different management functions and different forms of international assignments, and provide suggestions for future research. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Establishing versus preserving impressions: Predicting success in the multiple audience problem
Authors: Nichols Austin Lee , Cottrell Catherine A.
Published: January 2015

People sometimes seek to convey discrepant impressions of themselves to different audiences simultaneously. Research suggests people are generally successful in this “multiple audience problem.” Adding to previous research, the current research sought to examine factors that may limit this success by measuring social anxiety and placing participants into situations requiring them to either establish or preserve multiple impressions simultaneously. In general, participants were more successful when preserving previously conveyed impressions than when establishing impressions for the first time. In contrast, social anxiety did not affect multiple audience success. In all, this research offers valuable insight into potential challenges that people face in many social situations.
Job security and work performance in Chinese employees: The mediating role of organisational identification
Authors: Ma Bing , Liu Shanshi , Liu Donglai , Wang Hongchun
Published: January 2015

This research focuses on investigating whether organisational identification mediates the effects of job security on in‐role behaviour and extra‐role behaviour and how these mediation mechanisms differ according to gender. Through analysing 212 supervisor‐subordinate dyads from a Chinese air transportation group, the research indicated that organisational identification partially mediated the effect of job security on in‐role behaviour and fully mediated the effect of job security on extra‐role behaviour. A multi‐group analysis also showed that there were significant differences between male and female employees in these relationships. In addition, moderated mediation analyses showed that gender moderated the indirect effects of job security on in‐role behaviour and extra‐role behaviour through organisational identification. Limitations and implications of these findings are discussed.
Assessing Hydrus‐2D to Simulate Soil Water Content (SWC) and Salt Accumulation Under an SDI System: Application to a Potato Crop in a Semi‐Arid Area of Central Tunisia
Authors: Mguidiche A. , Provenzano G. , Douh B. , Khila S. , Rallo G. , Boujelben A.
Published: January 2015

In this paper the suitability of the HYDRUS‐2D model to simulate volumetric soil water content in the root zone of a potato crop under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) is initially assessed on the basis of a field study. Then, considering that the crop is moderately sensitive to soil salinity, the model is tested to predict the salt distribution around a buried emitter, when two different water qualities (i.e. electrical conductivity of 1.0 and 4.0 dS m‐1) are used during the growing season (treatments T1 and T2). Finally, the soil volume in which salt accumulates is distinguished by the model for the two treatments, for which the respective yields are not significantly different.

The results showed that in the root zone, simulated and measured soil water content (SWC) are fairly close. HYDRUS‐2D well enough predicts the average salt concentration in the soil and evaluates the dynamic of mass‐conservative solutes around buried emitters. In both treatments, the salt concentration resulted in an increase in the wetting bulb, with a maximum located towards the edge of the wetting bulb and near the soil surface. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of habitat type on short‐ and long‐term growth parameters of the European perch (Perca fluviatilisL.)
Authors: Petrtýl Miloslav , Kalous Lukáš , Frouzová Jaroslava , Čech Martin
Published: January 2015

We studied growth characteristics of three different spatial groups (epipelagic, bathypelagic, and littoral) of European perch (Perca fluviatilis) fry occurring simultaneously in Římov Reservoir, Czech Republic. We used the body size analysis as long‐term growth indicator and RNA/DNA ratio as short‐term growth indicators. The minimum body size as well as minimum RNA/DNA ratio, was found in bathypelagic perch fry (15.7 ± 1.8 and 1.89 ± 0.63 mm, respectively). The littoral perch fry was the biggest with the highest RNA/DNA ratio (19.3 ± 1.5 and 2.53 ± 0.59 mm, respectively). The intermediate values and high variation in both body size and RNA/DNA ratio was found in the epipelagic group (16.9 ± 2.3 and 2.36 ± 0.78 mm, respectively). These results refer to the presence of uniformity in the bathypelagic and littoral groups, and a possible mixing of individuals from different groups in epipelagic zone. Our findings suggest that the spatial distribution of perch fry is most likely dynamic system of continuous shifting of individuals among different groups.
A conceptual model of litter breakdown in low order streams
Authors: Graça Manuel A. S. , Ferreira Verónica , Canhoto Cristina , Encalada Andrea C. , Guerrero‐Bolaño Francisco , Wantzen Karl M. , Boyero Luz
Published: January 2015

The detrital‐based food web of many streams and rivers plays a fundamental role in the cycling and retention of carbon and nutrients. However, we still need to understand which global mechanisms underlie the biogeochemical pathways that control energy transfer from the detrital pool through local food webs into nutrient and energy cycles and storage. Previous attempts to understand the variability in litter breakdown rates have included the search for latitudinal variation patterns and analysis of the influence of different factors. Here we complement those studies by developing a conceptual model to predict litter breakdown dynamics in low order streams. According to the model, litter breakdown rates and the relative role of microbial decomposers and shredder detritivores on this process are hierarchically governed by interactions between climate/hydrology and geology acting upon plant traits, nutrient and leaf availability to decomposers, and metabolism of microbial decomposers and shredders. The model explains variations in leaf litter breakdown rates and shredder abundance across large geographic areas, allowing the formulation of predictions of how anthropogenic pressures may affect litter breakdown rates.
Cobalt oxide nanoparticles induced oxidative stress linked to activation of TNF‐α/caspase‐8/p38‐MAPK signaling in human leukemia cells
Authors: Chattopadhyay Sourav , Dash Sandeep Kumar , Tripathy Satyajit , Das Balaram , Kar Mahapatra Santanu , Pramanik Panchanan , Roy Somenath
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine the intracellular signaling transduction pathways involved in oxidative stress induced by nanoparticles in cancer cells. Activation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has some therapeutic benefits in arresting the growth of cancer cells. Cobalt oxide nanoparticles (CoO NPs) are an interesting compound for oxidative cancer therapy. Our results showed that CoO NPs elicited a significant (P <0.05) amount of ROS in cancer cells. Co‐treatment with N‐aceyltine cystine (an inhibitor of ROS) had a protective role in cancer cell death induced by CoO NPs. In cultured cells, the elevated level of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) was noted after CoO NPs treatment. This TNF‐α persuaded activation of caspase‐8 followed by phosphorylation of p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase and induced cell death. This study showed that CoO NPs induced oxidative stress and activated the signaling pathway of TNF‐α‐Caspase‐8‐p38‐Caspase‐3 to cancer cells. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Identifying Novel Clinical Surrogates to Assess Human Bone Fracture Toughness
Authors: Granke Mathilde , Makowski Alexander J , Uppuganti Sasidhar , Does Mark D , Nyman Jeffry S
Published: January 2015

Fracture risk does not solely depend on strength but also on fracture toughness; ie, the ability of bone material to resist crack initiation and propagation. Because resistance to crack growth largely depends on bone properties at the tissue level, including collagen characteristics, current X-ray based assessment tools may not be suitable to identify age-related, disease-related, or treatment-related changes in fracture toughness. To identify useful clinical surrogates that could improve the assessment of fracture resistance, we investigated the potential of 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and reference point indentation (RPI) to explain age-related variance in fracture toughness. Harvested from cadaveric femurs (62 human donors), single-edge notched beam (SENB) specimens of cortical bone underwent fracture toughness testing (R-curve method). NMR-derived bound water showed the strongest correlation with fracture toughness properties (r = 0.63 for crack initiation, r = 0.35 for crack growth, and r = 0.45 for overall fracture toughness; p < 0.01). Multivariate analyses indicated that the age-related decrease in different fracture toughness properties were best explained by a combination of NMR properties including pore water and RPI-derived tissue stiffness with age as a significant covariate (adjusted R2 = 53.3%, 23.9%, and 35.2% for crack initiation, crack growth, and overall toughness, respectively; p < 0.001). These findings reflect the existence of many contributors to fracture toughness and emphasize the utility of a multimodal assessment of fracture resistance. Exploring the mechanistic origin of fracture toughness, glycation-mediated nonenzymatic collagen crosslinks and intracortical porosity are possible determinants of bone fracture toughness and could explain the sensitivity of NMR to changes in fracture toughness. Assuming fracture toughness is clinically important to the ability of bone to resist fracture, our results suggest that improvements in fracture risk assessment could potentially be achieved by accounting for water distribution (quantitative ultrashort echo time magnetic resonance imaging) and by a local measure of tissue resistance to indentation, RPI. © 2015 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Bedside diagnosis of dysphagia: A systematic review
Authors: O'Horo John C. , Rogus‐Pulia Nicole , Garcia‐Arguello Lisbeth , Robbins JoAnne , Safdar Nasia
Published: January 2015

Dysphagia is associated with aspiration, pneumonia, and malnutrition, but remains challenging to identify at the bedside. A variety of exam protocols and maneuvers are commonly used, but the efficacy of these maneuvers is highly variable. We conducted a comprehensive search of 7 databases, including MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus, from each database's earliest inception through June 9, 2014. Studies reporting diagnostic performance of a bedside examination maneuver compared to a reference gold standard (videofluoroscopic swallow study or flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing with sensory testing) were included for analysis. From each study, data were abstracted based on the type of diagnostic method and reference standard study population and inclusion/exclusion characteristics, design, and prediction of aspiration. The search strategy identified 38 articles meeting inclusion criteria. Overall, most bedside examinations lacked sufficient sensitivity to be used for screening purposes across all patient populations examined. Individual studies found dysphonia assessments, abnormal pharyngeal sensation assessments, dual axis accelerometry, and 1 description of water swallow testing to be sensitive tools, but none were reported as consistently sensitive. A preponderance of identified studies was in poststroke adults, limiting the generalizability of results. No bedside screening protocol has been shown to provide adequate predictive value for presence of aspiration. Several individual exam maneuvers demonstrated reasonable sensitivity, but reproducibility and consistency of these protocols was not established. More research is needed to design an optimal protocol for dysphagia detection.Journal of Hospital Medicine2015;10:256–265. © 2015 Society of Hospital Medicine
Insulin resistance as a predictor of early virologic response to HCV therapy among chronic HCV Egyptian Patients
Authors: Abd El‐Wahab Ekram W. , Mikheal Ashraf , Sidkey Fathallah , Shatat Hanan Z.
Published: January 2015

Prior assessment of insulin resistance by HOMA‐IR is emerging as an important milestone in the treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C. This cost‐effective tool is recommended to individualize treatment duration, or to exclude those with low insulin sensitivity from being treated until ameliorating their state of insulin resistance (IR). The present work aims to elucidate further the effect IR state on early viral kinetic response to Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) therapy and the impact of HCV treatment and viral eradication on insulin sensitivity. Insulin sensitivity was assessed using the HOMA‐IR method. All enrolled patients were treated with a dual therapy (pegylated interferon‐alpha plus ribavirin) for 48 weeks and evaluated using qRT‐PCR for early virologic response as well as the impact of treatment on insulin sensitivity throughout the early period of therapy. Of a total 392 chronic HCV cases, early virologic response was achieved by 318 (81.1%). IR was detected in 241 (61.5%) chronic HCV patient of which 73.4% responded to treatment. Early virologic response among patients with > 2.18 HOMA‐IR value were significantly lower than those with HOMA‐IR values ≤2.18 (P < 0.0001). IR was significantly associated with high baseline BMI. Steatosis and fibrosis correlated with IR but neither independently predicted early virologic response. Pretreatment IR < 2.18, low fasting blood glucose, low and intermediate HCV viral load, normal BMI, and non‐smoking were independent factors associated with early virologic response. IR interferes with early virologic response to the antiviral care. Clinical application of pretreatment HOMA‐IR assessment could help in predicting early treatment outcome and thus enable treatment regimens to be optimized and individually tailored. J. Med. Virol. 87:428–440, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
HIV transmission and related risk factors among serodiscordant couples in Liuzhou, China
Authors: Zhang Yu‐Jing , Feng Xian‐Xiang , Fan Yin‐Guang , Jiang Zhi‐Yu , Zhong Xiang‐Hai , Li Ming‐Qiang , Ye Dong‐Qing
Published: January 2015

To evaluate the incidence and risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seroconversion of HIV‐negative partners among HIV‐discordant couples in Liuzhou, China, 1854 eligible HIV‐serodiscordant couples were retrospectively identified through the HIV epidemiology and follow‐up database from January 1, 1996 to June 30, 2013. Cox proportional‐hazards model was used to examine risk factors related to HIV seroconversion of negative partners. Finally, 125 HIV seroconversion occurred over 4963.5 person‐years, resulting in an overall HIV incidence of 2.52/100 person‐years. HIV‐positive partners with the last CD4 counts of 350 cells/ul or more were significantly protected against HIV seroconversion compared with those CD4 counts of less than 200 cells/ul (aHR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.27–0.81,P < 0.01). Men with HIV‐positive wives (aHR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.27–3.02,P < 0.01), HIV‐positive partners who did not receive ART before their HIV‐negative partners' seroconversion (aHR: 2.22, 95% CI, 1.41–3.51,P < 0.01) and patients reported intermittent condom use (aHR: 7.60, 95% CI, 4.37–13.21,P < 0.01) were associated with increased risk of HIV seroconversion. HIV‐negative partners remain high risk of HIV infection in Liuzhou city. Comprehensive package of HIV prevention services should contribute to reduction in HIV transmission of discordant couples.J. Med. Virol. 87:553–556, 2015.© 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SAffold viruses in pediatric patients with diarrhea in Thailand
Authors: Yodmeeklin Arpaporn , Khamrin Pattara , Chuchaona Watchaporn , Saikruang Wilaiporn , Malasao Rungnapa , Chaimongkol Natthawan , Kongsricharoern Tipachan , Ukarapol Nuthapong , Maneekarn Niwat
Published: January 2015

Saffold virus (SAFV) is a newly discovered human virus which is classified into the genus Cardiovirus of the family Picornaviridae. A total of 608 fecal specimens collected during January 2012 to December 2013 from children with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand were investigated for SAFV by RT‐nested PCR and sequence analysis. Of these, nine out of 608 (1.5%) were positive for SAFVs and four genotypes were identified, SAFV1, SAFV2, SAFV3, and SAFV4. SAFV mono‐infection was found in five cases (CMH‐S038–12, CMH‐S071–12, CMH‐S102–12, CMH‐N029–12, and CMH‐S048–13), while co‐infection with other viruses causing diarrhea was observed in four cases (CMH‐S021–12, CMH‐S115–12, CMH‐N048–13 and CMH‐N103–13). This study provides more information about the genetic background of SAFV circulating in pediatric patients with diarrhea in Thailand. J. Med. Virol. 87:702–707, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Adaptive endoplasmic reticulum stress alters cellular responses to the extracellular milieu
Authors: Liu Yiting , Neely Elizabeth , Simmons Zachary , Connor James R.
Published: January 2015

The ability to respond to perturbations in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) function is a critical property for all cells. In the presence of chronic ER stress, the cell must adapt so that cell survival is favored or the stress may promote apoptosis. In some pathological processes, such as neurodengeneration, persistent ER stress can be tolerated for an extended period, but eventually cell death occurs. It is not known how an adaptive response converts from survival into apoptosis. To gain a better understanding of the role of adaptive ER stress in neurodegeneration, in this study, with a neuronal cell line SH‐SY5Y and primary motor neuron‐glia cell mixed cultures, we induced adaptive ER stress and modified the extracellular environment with physiologically relevant changes that alone did not activate ER stress. Our data demonstrate that an adaptive ER stress favored neuronal cell survival, but when cells were exposed to additional physiological insults the level of ER stress was increased, followed by activation of the caspase pathway. Our results indicate that an adaptive ER stress response could be converted to apoptosis when the external cellular milieu changed, suggesting that the conversion from prosurvival to proapoptotic pathways can be driven by the external milieu. This conversion was due at least partially to an increased level of ER stress. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Corrigendum to F. Point, Existentially closed ordered difference fields and rings
Authors: Point Françoise
Published: January 2015

This corrigendum concerns [, § ] on ordered difference existentially closed valued fields where we overlooked the problem of immediate extensions.
Anti‐obesogenic effects of calcium prevent changes in the GLP‐1 profile in adult rats primed by early weaning
Authors: Quitete Fernanda Torres , Nobre Jessica Lopes , Peixoto‐Silva Nayara , de Moura Egberto Gaspar , Lisboa Patricia Cristina , de Oliveira Elaine
Published: January 2015

Scope

Gut peptides regulate appetite and adipogenesis. Early weaning (EW) leads to later development of obesity that can be prevented by calcium supplementation. We evaluated gut peptides that may have a role in the establishment of this dysfunction.

Methods and results

At birth, lactating Wistar rats were separated in: EW, lactating rats involved with a bandage interrupting the lactation during the last 4 days of standard lactation, and C (control) dams whose pups had free access to milk during throughout lactation. At 120 days old, half of EW group received calcium supplementation (EWCa); EW and C received standard diet. At 21 days old, EW presented higher glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) in plasma and glucagon‐like peptide 1 receptor (GLP1‐R) in adipose tissue and hypothalamus, but lower GLP‐1 and GLP1‐R in the gut. At 180 days old, GLP‐1 response to food intake was blunted in EW and restored by calcium. GLP‐1 in the gut was lower in EW and its receptor was lower in adipose tissue, and GLP1‐R was higher in the gut of calcium EW group.

Conclusion

Thus, EW had short‐ and long‐term effects upon GLP‐1 profile, which may have contributed to obesity development, hyperphagia, and insulin resistance due to its adipogenic and appetite control roles. Calcium supplementation was able to prevent most of the changes in GLP‐1 caused by EW.
Identification and monitoring of metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies
Authors: Perera Thushanthi , Young Matthew R. , Zhang Zhiying , Murphy Gwen , Colburn Nancy H. , Lanza Elaine , Hartman Terryl J. , Cross Amanda J. , Bobe Gerd
Published: January 2015

Scope

Aim of the study was to identify and monitor metabolite markers of dry bean consumption in parallel human and mouse studies that each had shown chemopreventive effects of dry bean consumption on colorectal neoplasia risk.

Methods and results

Using LC/mass spectroscopy ± ESI and GC/mass spectroscopy, serum metabolites of dry beans were measured in 46 men before and after a 4‐week dry bean enriched diet (250 g/day) and 12 mice that received a standardized diet containing either 0 or 10% navy bean ethanol extract for 6 weeks; we also investigated fecal metabolites in the mice. The serum metabolites identified in these controlled feeding studies were then investigated in 212 polyp‐free participants from the Polyp Prevention Trial who self‐reported either increased (≥+31 g/day from baseline), high dry bean intake of ≥42 g/day in year 3 or low, unchanged dry bean consumption of <8 g/day; serum was analyzed from baseline and year 3. Serum pipecolic acid and S‐methyl cysteine were elevated after dry bean consumption in human and mouse studies and reflected dry bean consumption in the Polyp Prevention Trial.

Conclusion

Serum levels of pipecolic acid and S‐methyl cysteine are useful biomarkers of dry bean consumption.
jsNMR: an embedded platform‐independent NMR spectrum viewer
Authors: Vosegaard Thomas
Published: January 2015

jsNMR is a lightweight NMR spectrum viewer written in JavaScript/HyperText Markup Language (HTML), which provides a cross‐platform spectrum visualizer that runs on all computer architectures including mobile devices. Experimental (and simulated) datasets are easily opened in jsNMR by (i) drag and drop on a jsNMR browser window, (ii) by preparing a jsNMR file from the jsNMR web site, or (iii) by mailing the raw data to the jsNMR web portal. jsNMR embeds the original data in the HTML file, so a jsNMR file is a self‐transforming dataset that may be exported to various formats, e.g. comma‐separated values. The main applications of jsNMR are to provide easy access to NMR data without the need for dedicated software installed and to provide the possibility to visualize NMR spectra on web sites. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
H(C)Ag: a triple resonance NMR experiment for 109Ag detection in labile silver‐carbene complexes
Authors: Weske Sebastian , Li Yingjia , Wiegmann Sara , John Michael
Published: January 2015

In silver complexes, indirect detection of 109Ag resonances via 1H,109Ag‐HMQC frequently suffers from small or absent JHAg couplings or rapid ligand dissociation. In these cases, it would be favourable to employ H(X)Ag triple resonance spectroscopy that uses the large one‐bond JXAg coupling (where the donor atom of the ligand X is the relay nucleus). We have applied an HMQC‐based version of the H(C)Ag experiment to a labile silver‐NHC complex (NHC = N‐heterocyclic carbene) at natural 13C isotopic abundance and variable temperature. In agreement with simulations, H(C)Ag detection became superior to 1H,109Ag‐HMQC detection above −20 °C. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gonadotropin surge‐inhibiting/attenuating factors: A review of current evidence, potential applications, and future directions for research
Authors: Vega Mario G. , Zarek Shvetha M. , Bhagwat Medha , Segars James H.
Published: January 2015

Animal studies in the 1980s suggested the existence of an ovarian hormone, termed gonadotropin surge‐inhibiting/attenuating factor (GnSIF/AF), that modulates pituitary secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Given the importance of identifying regulatory factors of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovarian axis and the accumulating data suggesting its existence, we conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase to identify articles related to GnSIF/AF. The search generated 161 publications, of which 97 were included in this study. Several attempts have been made to identify and characterize this hormone and several candidates have been identified, but the protein sequences of these putative GnSIF/AF factors differ widely from one study to another. In addition, while the RF‐amide RFRP‐3 is known foremost as a neuropeptide, some research supports an ovarian origin for this non‐steroidal hormone, thereby suggesting a role for RFRP‐3 either as a co‐modulator of GnSIF/AF or as a gonadotropin‐inhibiting factor in the hypothalamus (GnIH). Discovery of the KNDy neurons that modulate GnRH secretion, on the other hand, further encourages the search for substance(s) that modulate their activity and that indirectly affect LH secretion and the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐ovarian axis. While it has remained an elusive hormone, GnSIF/AF holds many potential applications for contraception, in vitro fertilization, and/or cancer as well as for understanding polycystic ovary syndrome, metabolic diseases, and/or pubertal development. In this review, we rigorously examine the available evidence regarding the existence of GnSIF/AF, previous attempts at its identification, limitations to its discovery, future directions of research, and potential clinical applications. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 82: 2–16, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
An overview of polymyositis and dermatomyositis
Authors: Findlay Andrew R. , Goyal Namita A. , Mozaffar Tahseen
Published: January 2015

Polymyositis and dermatomyositis are inflammatory myopathies that differ in their clinical features, histopathology, response to treatment, and prognosis. Although their clinical pictures differ, they both present with symmetrical, proximal muscle weakness. Treatment relies mainly upon empirical use of corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents. A deeper understanding of the molecular pathways that drive pathogenesis, careful phenotyping, and accurate disease classification will aid clinical research and development of more efficacious treatments. In this review we address the current knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical characteristics, diagnostic evaluation, classification, pathogenesis, treatment, and prognosis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.Muscle Nerve51:638–656, 2015
The max‐length‐vector line of best fit to a set of vector subspaces and an optimization problem over a set of hyperellipsoids
Authors: Bates Daniel J. , Davis Brent R. , Kirby Michael , Marks Justin , Peterson Chris
Published: January 2015

Let be a collection of subspaces of a finite‐dimensional real vector space V. Let L denote a one‐dimensional subspace of V, and let θ(L,Vi) denote the principal angle between L and Vi. Motivated by a problem in data analysis, we seek an L that maximizes the function . Conceptually, this is the line through the origin that best represents with respect to the criterion F(L). A reformulation shows that L is spanned by a vector , which maximizes the function subject to the constraints vi∈Vi and ||vi||=1. In this setting, v is seen to be the longest vector that can be decomposed into unit vectors lying on prescribed hyperspheres. A closely related problem is to find the longest vector that can be decomposed into vectors lying on prescribed hyperellipsoids. Using Lagrange multipliers, the critical points of either problem can be cast as solutions of a multivariate eigenvalue problem. We employ homotopy continuation and numerical algebraic geometry to solve this problem and obtain the extremal decompositions. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Process, Outcomes, and Challenges of Feasibility Studies Conducted in Partnership With Stakeholders: A Health Intervention for Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Wuest Judith , Merritt‐Gray Marilyn , Dubé Norma , Hodgins Marilyn J. , Malcolm Jeannie , Majerovich Jo Ann , Scott‐Storey Kelly , Ford‐Gilboe Marilyn , Varcoe Colleen
Published: January 2015

Feasibility studies play a crucial role in determining whether complex, community‐based interventions should be subject to efficacy testing. Reports of such studies often focus on efficacy potential but less often examine other elements of feasibility, such as acceptance by clients and professionals, practicality, and system integration, which are critical to decisions for proceeding with controlled efficacy testing. Although stakeholder partnership in feasibility studies is widely suggested to facilitate the research process, strengthen relevance, and increase knowledge transfer, little is written about how this occurs or its consequences and outcomes. We began to address these gaps in knowledge in a feasibility study of a health intervention for women survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) conducted in partnership with policy, community and practitioner stakeholders. We employed a mixed‐method design, combining a single‐group, pre‐post intervention study with 52 survivors of IPV, of whom 42 completed data collection, with chart review data and interviews of 18 purposefully sampled participants and all 9 interventionists. We assessed intervention feasibility in terms of acceptability, demand, practicality, implementation, adaptation, integration, and efficacy potential. Our findings demonstrate the scope of knowledge attainable when diverse elements of feasibility are considered, as well as the benefits and challenges of partnership. The implications of diverse perspectives on knowledge transfer are discussed. Our findings show the importance of examining elements of feasibility for complex community‐based health interventions as a basis for determining whether controlled intervention efficacy testing is justified and for refining both the intervention and the research design. © 2015 The Authors. Research in Nursing & Health published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Site‐Specific Radioiodination of HER2‐Targeting Affibody Molecules using 4‐Iodophenethylmaleimide Decreases Renal Uptake of Radioactivity
Authors: Strand Joanna , Nordeman Patrik , Honarvar Hadis , Altai Mohamed , Orlova Anna , Larhed Mats , Tolmachev Vladimir
Published: January 2015

Affibody molecules are small scaffold‐based affinity proteins with promising properties as probes for radionuclide‐based molecular imaging. However, a high reabsorption of radiolabeled Affibody molecules in kidneys is an issue. We have shown that the use of 125I‐3‐iodo‐((4‐hydroxyphenyl)ethyl)maleimide (IHPEM) for site‐specific labeling of cysteine‐containing Affibody molecules provides high tumor uptake but low radioactivity retention in kidneys. We hypothesized that the use of 4‐iodophenethylmaleimide (IPEM) would further reduce renal retention of radioactivity because of higher lipophilicity of radiometabolites. An anti‐human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) Affibody molecule (ZHER2:2395) was labeled using 125I‐IPEM with an overall yield of 45±3 %. 125I‐IPEM‐ZHER2:2395 bound specifically to HER2‐expressing human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV‐3 cell line). In NMRI mice, the renal uptake of 125I‐IPEM‐ZHER2:2395 (24±2 and 5.7±0.3 % IA g−1at 1 and 4 h after injection, respectively) was significantly lower than uptake of 125I‐IHPEM‐ZHER2:2395 (50±8 and 12±2 % IA g−1at 1 and 4 h after injection, respectively). In conclusion, the use of a more lipophilic linker for the radioiodination of Affibody molecules reduces renal radioactivity.
Imaging the Magnetic Reversal of Isolated and Organized Molecular‐Based Nanoparticles using Magnetic Force Microscopy
Authors: Pinilla‐Cienfuegos Elena , Kumar Susmit , Mañas‐Valero Samuel , Canet‐Ferrer Josep , Catala Laure , Mallah Talal , Forment‐Aliaga Alicia , Coronado Eugenio
Published: January 2015

In the race towards miniaturization in nanoelectronics, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as potential candidates for their integration in ultrahigh‐density recording media. Molecular‐based materials open the possibility to design new tailor‐made MNPs with variable composition and sizes, which benefit from the intrinsic properties of these materials. Before their implementation in real devices is reached, a precise organization on surfaces and a reliable characterization and manipulation of their individual magnetic behavior are required. In this paper, it is demonstrated how molecular‐based MNPs are accurately organized on surfaces and how the magnetic properties of the individual MNPs are detected and tuned by means of low‐temperature magnetic force microscopy (LT‐MFM) with variable magnetic field. The magnetization reversal on isolated and organized MNPs is investigated; in addition, the temperature dependence of their magnetic response is evaluated.
Using tissue samples for proteomic studies—Critical considerations
Authors: Becker Karl‐Friedrich
Published: January 2015

From my experience of 22 years working in a pathology research laboratory and overseeing dozens of collaborations with research groups from basic sciences and industry, I have the impression that researchers are rarely aware of the special issues related to acquisition and processing of frozen or formalin‐fixed tissue samples for proteomic analysis. While challenges are expected for formalin‐fixed tissues because of the cross‐linking activities of formaldehyde, researchers believe when using frozen tissue samples they are safe and always have excellent material to analyze—but this is not always the case. It is alarming that many researchers do not question the quality of the tissue samples they are analyzing and focus only on their analytical technique. Standardization of the entire workflow from test ordering to the report of the proteomic assay, with special emphasis on the preanalytical phase, is crucial for successful integration of proteomic studies in the clinic as protein profiles may change due to sample processing before the proteomic analysis is performed. The aim of this review is to discuss the progress of proteomic studies with human tissues and to highlight the challenges that must be understood and addressed for successful translation of proteomic methods to clinical practice.
MALDI‐TOF MS applied to apoC‐III glycoforms of patients with congenital disorders affecting O‐glycosylation. Comparison with two‐dimensional electrophoresis
Authors: Yen‐Nicolaÿ Stéphanie , Boursier Céline , Rio Marlène , Lefeber Dirk J. , Pilon Antoine , Seta Nathalie , Bruneel Arnaud
Published: January 2015

Purpose

The O‐glycan abnormalities accompanying some congenital disorders of glycosylation, namely conserved oligomeric Golgi‐congenital disorders of glycosylation (COG‐CDGs) and ATP6V0A2‐CDGs, are mainly detected using electrophoresis methods applied to circulating apolipoprotein C‐III. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability of MALDI‐TOF MS of apoC‐III for the detection and characterization of CDG‐associated O‐glycan defects.

Experimental design

plasmas from CDG‐negative, COG‐CDG, and ATP6V0A2‐CDG patients were analyzed and results were compared to those obtained using 2DE followed by Western blot.

Results

MALDI‐TOF of apoC‐III allowed to detect various significant O‐glycan abnormalities in CDG‐patients with emphasis to COG‐CDG. Furthermore, in CDG samples, comparison study between 2DE and MALDI‐TOF showed a particular behavior of monosialylated apoC‐III in the mass spectrometer that could be related to an abnormal O‐glycan structure.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

MALDI‐TOF MS appears as a powerful technique for the analysis of apoC‐III glycoforms for potential routine screening of COG‐ and ATP6V0A2‐CDGs.