bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CULTURA, REPRESENTAÇÃO E IDENTIDADE NO FUTEBOL: O ESPORTE NA ÓTICA DO PERTENCIMENTO E PATRIMÔNIO
Authors: Triches Vinícius
Published: July 2021

Introdução: Considerado o esporte mais popular do mundo, o futebol é cada vez mais observado em seus elementos principais, estes sendo vistas através das partidas, territórios, rivalidades, sentimentos e outras formas de expressão associadas. Objetivo: Perceber determinados elementos da identidade, representação e cultural popular vinculados ao esporte, adotando as noções de pertencimento clubístico e patrimônio. Método: Foi realizada pesquisa exploratória, de acordo com o alcance de desenho, e pesquisa bibliográfica, quanto aos procedimentos técnicos. Resultados e Discussão: O pertencimento clubístico consolida-se com a adesão ao clube, escolha esta que determinará uma identidade ao torcedor cujo vínculo será exclusivo e imutável. Tal vínculo será reforçado pela representação afetiva do seu patrimônio, constituído de elementos que devem ser defendidos, aceitos e acreditados permanentemente. Conclusão: Independente das polêmicas momentâneas, das posições pessoais relativas ao papel exercido pelo esporte na esfera social, é imprescindível reconhecer que o futebol é um elemento importante para a compreensão das diferentes realidades sociais, visto os variados olhares possíveis a partir do universo futebolístico.
ANÁLISE DO NÍVEL DE CONHECIMENTO TÁTICO DECLARATIVO EM HANDEBOL DE ATLETAS PERNAMBUCANAS
Authors: Vila Nova Diego Nascimento
Published: July 2021

Introdução: O conhecimento tático declarativo (CTD) é uma habilidade cognitiva que nas modalidades esportivas coletivas visa investigar fatores que possibilitam o melhor desempenho dos atletas e de suas respectivas equipes. Objetivo: Analisar o nível de conhecimento tático declarativo de atletas recifenses campeãs nacionais dos Jogos Escolares da Juventude. Método: Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com amostra por conveniência. Avaliou-se 16 atletas da cidade do Recife, com idade entre 15 e 17 anos, utilizando o protocolo validado por Caldas, Viana e Sourgey (2017) para nível de conhecimento tático declarativo em handebol. Resultados: A equipe pesquisada apresentou um potencial “em evolução” para níveis de CTD. As atletas que atuam na posição de pivô possuem um nível de CTD mais elevado do que as demais jogadoras. Constatou-se também que as atletas que possuem de 1 a 3 anos de prática teve um melhor nível de CTD quando comparado com as atletas de 5 a 10 anos de prática. E, atletas com mais participações em competições obtiveram um melhor nível de CTD. Conclusão: Concluímos que as atletas se encontram com nível de CTD em evolução, tendo influência da posição de jogo; e as que possuem mais participações em competições tanto nacionais quanto internacionais alcançaram melhores níveis de CTD no handebol.Palavras-chaves. Conhecimento tático declarativo, Esporte coletivo, Handebol.
ANALISE DESEMPENHO ESPORTIVO NO HANDEBOL DURANTE O CICLO MENSTRUAL NAS FASES FOLICULAR E OVULATÓRIA
Authors: Correia de Albuquerque Filho João Marcônio , Veiga Leal Gessica Noemy
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A inclusão de mulheres no esporte e oscilações hormonais decorrentes dos aspectos fisiológicos do sistema reprodutor feminino, o ciclo menstrual é citado em literaturas como fator determinante no ponto negativo e positivo em indivíduos atletas. Objetivo: analisar o desempenho esportivo em atletas de Handebol durante o ciclo menstrual, nas fases folicular e ovulatória. Método: 14 atletas de handebol entre 18 e 35 anos, foram submetidas ás avaliações com bioimpedância octopolar InBody 720, composição corporal. Força de membros superiores através da preensão manual com dinamômetro de mão mecânico. À força explosiva (potência) de membros inferiores utilizou-se Counter Movement Jump (CMJ) com auxílio dos braços. O nível de significância foi estabelecido em p<0,05, para comparação dos dados, analisados no pacote estatístico Statistical Package for the Social Science V.21. Resultados: Para composição corporal na fase folicular e ovulatória; o índice de massa magra 49,01± 4,69kg, 48,72± 5,59 (p≥0,506). Massa gorda 17,79±5,61kg, 17,85±5,20 (p≥0,783). Água intracelular 22,43±2,17, 22,90± 2,73 (p≥0,300). Água extracelular 13,42±1,32, 15,45± 7,77 (p≥0,350), e Porcentagem de Gordura 26.26± 5,79, 27,08± 5,97 (p≥0,188). No desempenho físico podemos observar os resultados da força em potência em membros inferiores 1572,41±94,81, 1695,50±237,05, (p≥0,066). Potência w/kg 26,54±5,32, 25,33±1,61, (p≥0,455). Tempo no ar 516,08±28,07, 526,58±33,53,(p≥0,136). Membros superiores mão direita 37,16±4,44, 38,04±4,57 ( p≥0,375). Mão esquerda 33,37± 5,67, 33,87± 5,54, (p≥0,724). Conclusão: Os dados constataram que não houve alternância, mantendo uma constância na composição corporal e nos níveis de forca em membros superiores, potência de membros inferiores e não havendo influência no desempenho das atletas, mantendo um nível padrão das variáveis nas duas fases do ciclo menstrual.
UTILIZAÇÃO DA CATEGORIZAÇÃO PERCENTÍLICA PARA A AVALIAÇÃO FÍSICA: UMA PROPOSTA PARA O TESTE DE APTIDÃO FÍSICA DOS BOMBEIROS MILITARES DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: Gonçalves Pereira Alexandre Araújo , Viana Marcelo Tavares , Souza Leão Iberê Caldas , Tashiro Tetsuo , Almeida Pereira Patrícia Lisandra , Melo da Silva Lilian Maria
Published: July 2021

Introdução: A criação de tabelas percentílicas torna a avaliação da aptidão física mais exigente, precisa e detalhada para o programa de Treinamento dos Bombeiros Militares de Pernambuco. Objetivo: Propor tabelas de categorização percentílica para o nível de aptidão física de Bombeiros Militares do Estado de Pernambuco. Método: O estudo foi do tipo explicativo, transversal e descritivo, com amostras por censo. Os índices físicos disponíveis, foram categorizados, baseados em um banco de dados estabelecido pelos testes neuromotores do Corpo de Bombeiros Militares de Pernambuco (CBMPE) aplicados por equipe qualificada da área de educação física nos períodos de 2011 a 2014. Foram realizados os testes físicos com média de 1.800 militares a cada ano, de ambos os sexos, com predominância masculina, classificadas de A a F para as referidas idades. Para as análises estatísticas foi aplicada a análise descritiva através de frequência e empregada a categorização por meio da avaliação percentílica, com intervalo de 05 classes entre 05% a 100%, utilizando o pacote estatístico SPSS for Windows versão 17 de 2008. Resultados: Construídas as tabelas percentílicas do teste de capacidade cardiorrespiratória (corrida de 2400m; caminhada de 4800m, natação de 12 minutos), testes de força dos membros superiores (flexão de braços na barra e sobre o solo), teste de resistência muscular localizada (flexão abdominal em 1 minuto) e o teste de natação 100m. De acordo com os valores obtidos, de maneira geral os resultados apresentaram-se superiores as tabelas de referência. Conclusão: Diante das análises realizadas, verificou-se a possibilidade de estimar, através desse tipo de proposta, índices específicos para a avaliação dos níveis de aptidão física dos bombeiros militares de Pernambuco.
Sobre a Educação Física e o Esporte da Bahia
Authors: Costa Francisco Moreira
Published: July 2021

Século XXI ano 2021 plena pandemia da Covid-19 o ser humano sofre de semiimobilismo. Hoje refletia referente à minha juventude na escola fundamental – Escola Técnica Federal da Bahia e no ensino médio – Centro Integrado Anísio Teixeira, lembro-me o quanto mobilizava meu corpo com a prática da Educação Física e a participação na equipe de Handebol da escola, nestes tempos não havia dispensa da educação física escolar mesmo os estudantes que participavam destas equipes esportivas, adoravam, pois representava a escola, a satisfação em vestir a camisa do time da escola. Treinava-se três vezes por semana e participava da Educação Física duas vezes por semana nem por isto achava ruim, muito pelo contrário, pois a energia era muito grande.
Improving the efficiency of the use of energy resources in agricultural transportation at low temperatures
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: July 2021

One of the important technical problems that need to be solved and arise in small farms of the agro-industrial complex during the operation of energy facilities in the winter period is their inability to work in low temperatures. This issue is relevant for the Amur region, since due to the large extent of the territory, there are significant temperature differences between the northern and southern regions. Therefore, often a car with a load, leaving the southern regions with a temperature close to zero degrees, as it moves along the route to the north during the working shift, may be in areas with temperatures up to -45...50 degrees Celsius. This can lead to a decrease in pumpability, power system failures and stopping of vehicles on the route due to an increase in fuel viscosity. Therefore, the issue of adapting the fuel system is important in the transport support of the region. The article presents the results of research on the adaptation of cars to winter operating conditions due to the installation of a fuel filter heating system and a low-pressure pump of a diesel engine. Keywords: CAR, LOW-TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS, FUEL, BELT HEATER, VISCOSITY, EFFICIENCY, ADAPTATION
Productivity of spring rapeseed and technological properties of oilseeds grown in the southern part of the Non-Chernozem zone
Authors:   ООО ", Saakian Alexander ,   БАЛАНС ПРОФИ"
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the influence of sowing dates and levels of mineral nutrition on the productivity of varieties and hybrids of spring rape in the Ryazan region. It was revealed that the maximum studied crop yield was recorded in the variants with the introduction of a dose of N180P60K60: the first sowing period for the Ratnik variety, and the second for the Salsa KL hybrid (17.6 c / ha each). At the first sowing period, the maximum oil yield was noted at both levels of mineral nutrition in the Ratnik variety (641.4; 735.6 kg / ha). The addition of N180P60K60 made it possible to increase the content of unsaturated acids - oleic and linoleic. At the same time, the profitability of oilseeds production was 53.1-91.9%, which characterizes a good level of production. The maximum profitability was 91.9% (N180P60K60, first sowing date). Keywords: SPRING RAPE, GRAY FOREST SOIL, FERTILIZERS, DOSES, YIELD, OIL CONTENT
Developing probiotics, prebiotics, and organic acids to control Salmonella spp. in commercial turkeys at the University of Arkansas, USA
Authors: Tellez-Isaias Guillermo , Vuong Christine N. , Graham Brittany D. , Selby Callie M. , Graham Lucas E. , Señas-Cuesta Roberto , Barros Thaina L. , Beer Lesleigh C. , Coles Makenly E. , Forga Aaron J. , Ruff Jared , Hernandez-Velasco Xochitl , Hargis Billy M.
Published: July 2021

In the United States, non-typhoidal Salmonella causes over one million foodborne infections every year and turkey meat contaminated with Salmonella has been associated from the farm to the processing plant. These outbreaks emphasize efforts on decreasing and preventing human illness associated with live poultry contact through comprehensive interventions from \farm-to-fork" levels. This review article revises the role of the turkey upper respiratory tract, which is now known to play a crucial role in colonization and as a source of contamination, for this remarkable bacterium that has co-evolved to infect plants and animals. Because agriculture represents over 60% of the economy of the state of Arkansas, the mission of our laboratory over the last 21 years has been directed to evaluate and develop applied research to help reduce the incidence of Salmonella spp. from commercial turkey operations. A summary of the published research is presented.
Preliminary Study of Potential Bioimplant from Glycerol Plasticized Starch-Microcrystalline Cellulose Composite
Authors: Rineksa Galih , Whulanza Yudan , Gozan Misri
Published: July 2021

Biodegradable and bio-based substitutes for conventional plastics are on the rise in these past decades. One of the applications of bioplastic is for biomedical implants or bioimplant. Starch was plasticized using glycerol at varying amounts (40% and 60% of dry starch mass) to produce thermoplastic starch (TPS). A reinforcement filler of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was used to improve the mechanical properties. The MCC content in this study was also varied (0%, 2%, 4%, and 8% w/w). This paper studies the mechanical properties of starch-MCC composites for their potential as bioimplant. The optimum glycerol and MCC contents from the results are 40% glycerol and 8% MCC with 2.97 MPa tensile strength and 7.20% strain at break. Thus, the sample has the potential application in bioimplant material for trabecular bone replacement, which has an average tensile strength of 2 MPa and strains at a break of 2.5%.
PROGRAM HOLISTIK PEMBANGUNAN PEMBERDAYAAN DESA (PHP2D) OPTIMALISASI BALAI BANJAR SEBAGAI RUMAH BELAJAR PADA MASA COVID 19 DI DESA CEPAKA TABANAN
Authors: Ni Luh Putu Agustini Karta  , I Ketut Sutapa  , Rani Kusumo Wardani  , Erna Wiles
Published: July 2021

The Covid 19 pandemic has weakened the economy of the world community. The resulting impact is felt by all levels of rural and urban society; among parents, adults and children. Amid the economic downturn, people must survive. Various alternative efforts were made so that people could still eat and receive education. Especially school children who are very risky if their education is stopped for a relatively long time. This condition motivates the HIMA Accounting and Management of Triatma Mulya University to implement the PHP2D program through the optimization of the Banjar Hall as a Learning Center in the Covid 19 Pandemic Era in Cepaka Village, Tabanan, Bali. used as an arena for monthly meetings. Through this PHP2D program, the Banjar Hall is now equipped with internet facilities, work desks and bookshelves for libraries. Every day at 15-18 wita the children in each banjar; come to study with the help of students and lecturers. The availability of free internet and the presence of 5 students as teachers / mentors in each banjar make a positive contribution to the community and children in Cepaka village. After four months of this activity, a very harmonious relationship was formed between students and school children ranging from elementary and junior high schools. School children, totaling nearly 150 children, are trained in their learning, academic, soft skills and hard skills in order to grow into a superior generation. This activity received a warm welcome from the community, even the Head of Kediri Sub-district was very grateful and made Cepaka Village the first project pilot village to provide a learning house with free wi-fi. It is hoped that in the next period other villages can also be developed, students help children in learning so that they can achieve their goals.
PENDAMPINGAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN PENGELOLAAN KEUANGAN PADA LPD DESA ADAT CEPAKA
Authors: I Ketut Yudana Adi  , Kukuh Rian Setiawan  , Ida Ketut Kusumawijaya
Published: July 2021

Covid 19 pandemic has a huge impact on the Cepaka Village Community, starting from the closure of the tourism sector for foreign tourists, SMEs with low orders, culinary selling products with a low cost strategy, jogging tracks and bicycle tracking which are crowded with domestic tourists, cannot provide economic benefits, so does not give value to farmers who own rice fields that are traversed by cycling tourists or tourists who jog and take selfies as well as the financial behavior of rural communities that tends to be consumptive, causing the Cepaka Village community to not be economically prosperous. The focus of this activity is carried out based on this grouping, namely Creating, packaging / packaging tourism villages by involving all existing potentials, and involving the village community. Management / governance of UKM and services that will be the core products of tourism villages and the impact of tourism villages, and Carry out assistance activities for community financial institutions in cooperatives, LPDs, traditional markets, waste banks and BUMDES of Cepaka Village.
PENGELOLAAN SPOT LAYANAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN EKONOMI KREATIF DI DESA WISATA CEPAKA
Authors: Komang Krishna Yogantara  , Dewiwati Sujadi
Published: July 2021

Cepaka Village as a partner village of Triatma Mulya University has expressed their desire to form a tourist village, but their limited knowledge of tourism villages becomes an obstacle in making it happen. The focus of this activity is carried out based on the above grouping, namely realizing, packaging / packaging tourism villages by involving all existing potential, and involving village communities, management / governance of SMEs and services that will become the core products of tourism villages and the impact of tourism villages, implementing mentoring activities for community financial institutions in cooperatives, LPDs, traditional markets, waste banks and BUMDES. In accordance with the problems faced by partners in this service activity, the implementer can provide several solutions in accordance with existing conditions in the field. The implementation of community service activities in Cepaka Village includes several activities that have been carried out to increase the number of tours. As for the implementation of the program, namely: Programs in the Environmental Sector that have been implemented in Cepaka Village, including Community Service in the Cepaka Harum Plastic Bank area.
الإلحاد دراسة في أهمّ مرتكزاته، وأبرز شبهات دُعاته
Authors:   كلية الشّريعة والدراسات الإسلامية/ جامعة القصيم, العواد بدر بن ناصر بن محمدا
Published: July 2021

يعدّ الإلحاد من أخطر المذاهب العبثيّة التي اجتاحت العالم في العصر الحديث؛ وتكمن قوّته في الجهات التي تقف خلفه وتتبنّى أيديولوجياته، وبما يصاحب أُطروحات مناصريه من زخم إعلامي هائل على أكثر من صعيد علميّ وغير علمي. ولـمّا كان إنكار وجود الخالق هو المحور الأساسي والنّقطة المركزيّة التي تنبني عليها نظرة الملاحدة للكون والحياة والإنسان جاء هذا البحث المتواضع ليناقش دعوى وجود العالَم عن طريق الصُّدفة المحضة، ومحاولة تفسير ذلك علميًّا من خلال نظريّة الانتخاب الطّبيعي والبقاء للأصلح التي وضعها عالِم الأحياء الإنجليزي تشارلز داروين، كما عرّج البحث على الكلام عن صُوَر الإلحاد المعاصر محاولًا أن يتلمّس شيئًا من مظاهر وجوده في المجتمعات الإسلاميّة، ومُستعرِضًا في الوقت ذاته آثاره المدمِّرة على المستوى الفردي من جهة وعلى الصّعيد الإنسانيّ ككلّ من جهة أخرى، ثُمّ خُتِم البحث بإيراد بعض أشهر الشُبُهات التي لا يفتأ يرفعها دعاة الإلحاد ومعتنقوه مع مناقشتها والرّدّ عليها.
All Powerful? How the FBI's Request of Apple to Unlock an iPhone Using the All Writs Act Fails the New York Telephone Test
Authors: Zottola Alyssa
Published: July 2021

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Race, Dignity, and Commerce
Authors: Wang Lu-in
Published: July 2021

n/a
Corporate Tax: Renewed Fiscal Federalism in the USA, the EU, and Globally for the 21st Century
Authors: Kaye Tracy A. , De Wolf Michel
Published: July 2021

Corporate Tax: Renewed Fiscal Federalism in the USA, the EU, and Globally for the 21st Century
NIL Bills—An Examination of the Implications of Compensating College Athletes Under Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation
Authors: Bunner Brian P.
Published: July 2021

NIL Bills—An Examination of the Implications of Compensating College Athletes Under Name, Image, and Likeness Legislation
Risk, constraint, play: A new paradigm for examining practice-research in the academy
Authors: Tondeur Louise
Published: July 2021

This essay looks at my own learning as a writer in order to ask what constitutes creative practice and then takes particular examples to create a paradigm for examining practice-as-research in the academy: risk + constraint + play = change. I use creative readings of particular cultural encounters I have had during my own writing life – with Cornelia Parker, and Kathleen Jamie and Bridget Collins, for instance – to illustrate these ideas. Practitioners working in academia are increasingly required to defend practice-based-research and in this essay I use one of practice-research’s key facets - reflective practice - to provide one answer to a pressing concern. I set out to ask how higher education institutions might best support practice-research, with the aim of developing it, increasing outputs, and deepening its investigations. Throughout I ask the question: how can we resist essentialist positions and reductive structures that do not fit the authentic, process-led version of practice?
Popé (Po’pay) y los indios Pueblo en la rebelión de 1680.
Authors: Gutiérrez Martínez Marco Antonio
Published: July 2021

En el presente artículo, el lector encontrará una propuesta metodológica para el estudio de los liderazgos en las rebeliones indígenas. La metodología consta de cuatro variables: tipo de líder, legitimidad adquirida, duración del liderazgo y papel del líder después de su muerte. Esta propuesta metodológica se utiliza para el estudio de la rebelión de los indios Pueblo de 1680, que fue encabezada por Popé (Po’pay). Con la investigación se concluyó que Popé basó su proyecto, principalmente, en las fuerzas sobrenaturales (él era un curandero Pueblo). A pesar de que su plataforma incluía aspectos históricos y sociopolíticos, el mayor peso que le dio Popé a las fuerzas mágicas, causó el descontento popular al no ver solucionados sus problemas, a pesar de haber vuelto al culto ancestral de los Katsina y de haber “borrado” todo recuerdo de la colonización hispánica. Esta legitimidad mágica de Popé también causó que su liderazgo durara menos de un año, e incluso, posiblemente, causó su muerte, la cual sucedió en 1690 aproximadamente, después de varios años viviendo en el exilio.
Los principios de disponibilidad e inmediatez en la vicepresidencia latinoamericana
Authors: Sribman Mittelman Ariel
Published: July 2021

Numerosos elementos de nuestros sistemas políticos cuentan con un fundamento teórico, con un estudio profundo de los principios teóricos y prácticos que explican su adopción. Por el contrario, la vicepresidencia ha recibido muy escasa atención, aún en países donde esa institución ha ido incrementando su peso político. La combinación de ese gran peso con la mencionada falta de sustento teórico produce notables desviaciones en los análisis de la institución y su desempeño: procuran estudiar el fruto sin conocer las raíces. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un primer esfuerzo de reflexión teórica en este ámbito, analizando la vicepresidencia en sistemas presidencialistas a la luz de dos principios teóricos: el de inmediatez y el de disponibilidad del poder.
Sovranità e dominio nella République di Jean Bodin
Authors: Slongo Paolo
Published: July 2021

Abtract. This article aims to pose the problem of the relationship between State and Sovereignty in Jean Bodin. In the second half of the Sixteenth Century and then in the Seventeenth Century, Sovereignty was understood as an external principle, presupposed to the existence of political association. Classical terminology then remains. Only when Sovereignty appears as an internal, constitutive element of the Political Body, will the term State permanently take the place of the conceptuality inherited from tradition. Only in this specific phase of its historical conceptual development does the State appear as a reality that exists in itself. Consequently, political science will become the Theory of the State. Certainly not therefore in Bodin’s political thought.
Crisis y restauración del liberalismo. El tránsito por la Revista de Estudios Políticos en sus diez primeros años (1941-1950)
Authors: Mora Garcia Jose Luis
Published: July 2021

El artículo versa sobre el proceso que siguió la Revista de Estudios Políticos (1941), creada como órgano de difusión del Instituto del mismo nombre, fundado dos años antes, a la finalización de la guerra civil. En ella escribieron intelectuales de la órbita orteguiana que hicieron un recorrido a lo largo de estos diez primeros años desde la quiebra del liberalismo político a la puesta de las primeras bases para su reconstrucción. Al fondo se alude al novelista Benito Pérez Galdós, a la finalización del año de su centenario, autor de la emblemática obra Electra en cuyo estreno y reestrenos ha sido considerada como un símbolo de la lucha por la libertad de conciencia.
Paulo Freire e Guarulhos: a educação popular como conexão
Authors: Peixoto Jociene Santos , Guerra Tiago Cavalcante
Published: July 2021

Propomos, neste artigo, uma discussão e um registro da passagem de Paulo Freire pela cidade de Guarulhos, município da região metropolitana de São Paulo na década de 1980, logo após o seu exílio. Analisamos a influência do autor na concepção pedagógica da rede de ensino de Guarulhos, especialmente na modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (EJA), no Movimento de Valorização da Alfabetização (MOVA). A hipótese é de que há uma tentativa da cidade em construir uma história da rede pautada na figura de Paulo Freire. Partimos do método da análise documental do Almanaque MOVA 10 anos, publicado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Guarulhos, em 2012, em comemoração ao aniversário do movimento. Nele, pudemos encontrar elementos que endossam a articulação com a teoria freiriana e perceber a adoção desses conceitos pela gestão da época, bem como a relação que se estabelecia entre o poder público e o movimento popular.
Determinants of Lack of Family Planning in Grand Multiparous Women
Authors: Noor Sofia , Rana Muhammad Saleem , Hanif Asif , John Akash , Noor Aasia , Noor Amina , Zahid Sana , Hassan Taimoor , Faridi Tallat Anwar , Iqbal Neelam
Published: July 2021

Multiparity is a matter of great concern regarding the health of women as well as child. At the same time it has different determinants and socioeconomic backgrounds. Objective: To determine the determinants of lack of family planning in grand multiparous women. Methods: It is a descriptive cross sectional study including 271 GMP patients from DHQ Hospital Okara city. Mean age was 35 ± 10 years. Data was collected with the help of questionnaire and evaluated and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Mean and standard deviation was calculated for quantitative data and frequency and percentages for qualitative data. To measure the determinants of lack of family planning, chi square test was used. P values less than and equal to 0.05 were taken as significant. Results: Most of women belong to rural area 172 (63.47%) and are Muslims 259 (95.5%). Most of the families lie under upper lower 149 (54.8%) and lower middle group of income 71 (26.1%). The reason of last pregnancy was desire for baby boy 66 (24.4%), then husband’s wish 45 (16.6%) and so on. There is a good association of socioeconomic status and residence of head of family as p < 0.05, (Results are 325.272a, df = 10, p=0 .000). There is an association of Gravida and socioeconomic status of head of family as p<0.05. (27.294, df= 20, p=.05). There is a good association between reasons of last pregnancy and gravida as p<0.05, (41.920, df = 24, p=0 .001). Conclusions: The grand multiparty is still very common in Okara Pakistan district, considering the easy availability of modern contraceptive methods but very few women are aware of it. The most popular explanation given for present pregnancy by grand multiparous women was an urge for baby boy followed by husband wish. Most of women are Muslims. Rural Women are more socio-economically down and they have grander multiparty
Principles and Philosophy of Punishment in Islamic Law with Special Reference to Malaysia
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

This article advances the theme that the conventional fiqhi articulations of the prescribed hudud punishments show inconsistency with the Qur’an and are, therefore, due for a corrective. Whereas the Qur’an makes repentance (tawbah) and reform (islah) integral to the hudud punishments, the fiqh expositions of these punishments have entirely ignored that aspect of the Qur’an. To carry out this corrective and rectify the hudud theory in the way it is suggested below partakes, we believe, in veritable ijtihad that Muslim jurists and jurisdictions are strongly advised to undertake and implement.
Islam in Post-Soviet Kazakhstan: Experiencing Public Revival of Islam Through Institutionalisation
Authors: Malik Bilal Ahmad
Published: July 2021

After independence, Kazakhstan experienced widespread sociopolitical transformation reflecting the states conscious policy of integrating the continuity of the Soviet legacy with a return to pre-Soviet sacred-cultural history. One such notable transformation was the end of Soviet oppression of religion and emergence of the phenomenon of Islamic revival. In the years following independence, discussions around Islamic revival as a potential threat to Kazakhstans security and secular objectives, including the relationship between state, society and religion, overtook the academic, political, and policy discourse. Nevertheless, the question essential to contextualising the whole debate is whether Islamic revival follows the same normative conditions as predicted by the privatisation of religion theory, reducing religion to an individuals private matter, or has it become a dynamic social function that affects peoples lives both at a personal and public level. To methodologically approach this question, this study discusses theoretical formulations relevant to the revival of Islam in a post-Soviet Kazakh context. Then the study examines the practical impact of Islamic revival, referencing the institutionalisation of Islam through religious, economic and political institutions. The study argues that since independence, despite the secular and authoritarian nature of the government, Islamic revivalism has become an institutionalised phenomenon in Kazakhstan, its appearance and function in the public domain increasing rather than decreasing.
Will Arabic Survive in Australia: Participation and Challenges
Authors: Selim Nadia
Published: July 2021

Motivated by the need to preserve Arabic learning and teaching, this article acknowledges the importance of considering the various contexts in which Arabic is taught and learnt and its specific status therein. In this regard, the Australian context is underrepresented in the literature on Arabic language learning. This article will, therefore, shed some light on the specifics of the Australian context, in which Arabic is a language of wider teaching that struggles to attract sufficient numbers of learners in the senior years of school, thereby often calling into question the viability of university-level programs. With the viability of Arabic tertiary programs in Australia on the line, reversing such trends is a necessity. However, research on Arabic in the Australian context has also been very limited. Therefore, this article will explore five language-specific issues that might underpin problematic participation in the learning of Arabic.
Ann Norton, on the Muslim Question
Authors: Mohiuddin Asif
Published: July 2021

Historically, most Western nations, from the age of enlightenment, established a firm divide between church and state. This chasm engendered a concept that stressed the separation of religious morality from secular law. The assumption that the secularisation of the world is a necessary precondition for the establishment of modern, democratic form of government, has gained a lot of currency among many Western policymakers. Indeed, the need for reform is a necessity in the Muslim context, but the path towards realising it in the form of secularization is a debatable issue. Western history is characterised by the conflict between church and state, and this conflict has no precedent in the Muslim history. The nexus between religion and secular obligations, and a societal consensus is not as prominent in the Muslim context as it is in the Western societies. Ann Norton’s book, “On the Muslim Question” provides deeper political and philosophical insights into the intricate relationship between Muslims and the West. Norton asserts that in the contemporary times the Muslim question is as fundamental as the emancipation of Jews in the context of enlightenment philosophy. Norton organises her work efficiently and manages to weave together the distinct but related topics in 2 parts containing 10 chapters along with an introduction and an index.
Extremism, Terrorism and Islam: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

A conceptual characterisation of extremism at the outset is followed by an outline of its principal indicators and types, such as the fanatic pursuit of one particular view. The extremist tends to be self-righteous, power-hungry, willing to inflict harm and hardship on others, and also inclined to conflate the order of values. Then follows an exposition of the varieties of extremism and a review also of the Islamic sources concerning them. There are references in this connection to Arab Spring, ISIS, Boko Haram and Charlie Hebdo, and then a review of expert opinion, policy scenarios and responses to extremism and terror. The article concludes with a set of actionable recommendations.
Arabic Literature in the Rise of Islamic Civilisation and the Present Educational System
Authors: Hussein Boayo Suleiman Mohammed
Published: July 2021

Every given civilisation has foundations on which it rises. These foundations form the way of thinking for the people to whom that civilisation belongs, and define the scope within which they operate. The foundations differ from one civilisation to another; they may be a revelation, a divine or civil law, or customs and or norms that prevailed in a given society. Islamic civilisation sprung from the original Islamic sources, namely the Qur’an and the prophetic tradition. However, Arabic literature is seen as one of the additional foundations that have played a pivotal role in the rise of this civilisation, as well as in its development and flourishing. The purpose of this paper is to study critically some characteristic view-points of the relationship between Arabic literature and Islamic civilisation and to demonstrate the role Arabic language has played in the rise of this civilisation through its important periods. The outcome of this study will interpret Arabic literature as reflecting virtues and values, as revealing the ethos of different cultures of the Islamic civilisation, the processes of its rise and certain types of social facts. It will also illustrate the significance of teaching Arabic literature in the present day education, for it allows us to reach the heart of the Islamic civilisation through its literary, philosophical and political texts, along with its historical context.
A New Framework of Corporate Governance for Waqf: A Preliminary Proposal
Authors: Abdullah Mohammad
Published: July 2021

The global cumulative waqf assets have been estimated to be worth $105 billion. Though, this estimation is not based on exact data, it reflects only a glimpse of what the institution of waqf may entail in the process of and struggle for socio-economic upliftment of the ummah. However, despite possessing the potential of improving society, a substantial proportion of total awqaf is still lying dormant across the world. In modern day economy, waqf has taken a new trajectory, both as a product and as an institution/legal entity, especially in the Islamic finance industry. Consequently, this scenario automatically demands that the institution be fairly regulated and closely monitored. However, not much has been written in the corporate governance area of waqf. This article has three aims: firstly, to briefly examine the salient features of waqf from the perspective of fiqh al-awqaf, secondly, to explore the evolution of the fiqh al-awqaf in the light of waqf being metamorphosed into a corporation-like entity, and finally, to propose the possibilities of how a corporate governance model can be developed for the institution based on the existing waqf rulings and modern regulatory guidelines.
Encouragement of Scientific Enquiry in the Noble Qur'an
Authors: Batchelor Daud Abdul-Fattah
Published: July 2021

For our enlightenment and progress, the Muslim ummah today needs to regain the spirit of wonder of the early Muslims whose faith in God (iman) soared under inspiration from the Qur’anic revelation and tutelage of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). With these, Muslims could appreciate God’s Majesty and Omnipotence, and His Mercy and Benevolence in creating the universe with man in the august role as khalifah (vicegerent) and custodian of the earth and the heavens. In one inspiring verse 45:13, God says: “He has subjected to you, as from Him, all that is in the heavens and on earth. Behold! In that are signs indeed for those who reflect.” The imagination of a Muslim scientist reading the Noble Qur’an would thus naturally be stirred by verses where Allah avers to natural phenomena and their benefits, encouraging mankind to investigate more deeply. The Prophet (pbuh) encouraged people to “explore the meanings of the Qur’an and to search for its mysteries”. Islam as a science-friendly religion promotes scientific investigation and technological advancement that contributes to human wellbeing.
Amnesty and Pardon in Islamic Law With Special Reference to Post-Conflict Justice
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

The subject before us has acquired renewed significance in the aftermath of the September 2001 terrorist attacks, the tumult and violence that has been on the increase ever since, but also what followed the advent of the Arab Spring in many Muslim countries. Conflicts that engulf countries and communities rarely, if ever, end by clean endings. They leave behind a host of issues, including the urge to take revenge by the aggrieved parties - hence a vicious circle of violence follows. Post-conflict justice requires careful management, such that measure - for - measure justice may not be the right option in one’s quest to restore peace. The spirit of peace and willingness to give and take, admission of truth and forgiveness may be among the more effective means of healing and moving forward. What role, if any, is there in the midst of all this for Islam’s guidelines on repentance, amnesty and forgiveness is the main subject I address in the following pages. Amnesty, pardon and forgiveness are the means, in Islamic theology and law, as also in most other world traditions, of relieving someone from punishment, blame, civil liability or religious obligation. The same result is often achievable by recourse to certain other methods such as reconciliation, arbitration, and judicial order. This article focuses on an exposition of Islamic law provisions on amnesty (‘afwa). The fiqh positions explored here derive, for the most part, from the Qur’an (normative teaching), or Sunnah of the Prophet Muhammad, pbuh, and general consensus (ijma’) of scholars across the generations. Yet instances are found where fiqhi interpretations of the relevant scripture are reminiscent of historical settings and conditions of their time, which may, upon reflection, warrant further scrutiny and interpretation more in tune with the contemporary conditions of Muslims.
Professor Dr. Wahbah M. Zuhaily
Authors: Journal Editor
Published: July 2021

Wahbah al-Zuhaily was born in 1932 in Deir-Atiyah province of Syria. His father, Mustafa al-Zuhaily, made his livelihood from personal businesses and farming. Wahbah did his primary education in the vicinity of Deir-Atiyah, and later moved to the capital and enrolled into the University of Damascus. He graduated from the faculty of Shari’ah at the University of Damascus in 1952, topping the graduates of that year. In 1956, he completed his studies in Al-Azhar University once again with the top grades at the university.
Islam and Sustainable Development
Authors: Kamali Mohammad Hashim
Published: July 2021

Islam’s perspective on sustainable development arises from its vision of a moral economy and society, which may, in turn, be articulated into a structure of values and principles that are conducive to sustainability and growth. This would entail a coherent reading of the Islamic scripture as well as a number of Shariah concepts, such as the principle of public interest (maslahah), the higher purposes (maqasid) of Shariah, the divinely-ordained balance (mizan) in the created universe, and moderation (wasatiyyah). This last proscribes prodigality and waste in the use of resources, but more importantly, it seeks to inject moderation as an integral part of the personality and outlook of Muslim individuals and communities. Other principles that relate to our understanding of the Islamic perspective include that of Divine Oneness (tawhid), the vicegerency of humankind in the earth (khilafah), and justice (al-‘adl).
The Rule of Law in Islam: Between Formalism and Substantivism
Authors: Hazri Tengku Ahmad
Published: July 2021

What has passed as the rule of law in Islam is in fact merely the formal features of legal principle, without considering the substantive basis for law as a moral ideal. This article argues for a more substantive understanding of the rule of law that is sensitive to the shariah’s vision of the good and just society. To this end, the article evaluates the distinction between formal and substantive versions of the rule of law, examining the foundation of that distinction in legal positivism and the notion of the dualism of law and morality. The rule of law in Islam will be seen to by-pass such bifurcation and, by being rooted in the shariah, affirm a harmonious legal continuum between the individual and the state. It will also be shown that the rule of law in Islam is organically connected to the question of pluralism and multiculturalism in the context of the modern nation state. The implication this has for an area of substantive law - namely, human rights - will then be considered.
Crowdfunding as an Emerging Fundraising Tool: With Special Reference to the Malaysian Regulatory Framework
Authors: Abdullah Apnizan
Published: July 2021

The booming of the crowdfunding industry all over the globe has prompted many countries to amend their laws and regulations. Many brilliant ideas and projects, be it business ventures or social causes, have been successfully funded via crowdfunding. The technological advancement through the Internet has made crowdfunding viable as a supplementary method to traditional fundraising mechanisms. This paper discusses the development of crowdfunding worldwide, including Islamic crowdfunding and the regulatory regimes implemented in various jurisdictions. A special reference is made to the Malaysian regulatory framework since Malaysia is one of the countries that recognises the emergence of crowdfunding as a fundraising vehicle. The paper makes various recommendations to government regulators to tackle some loopholes in the existing legal framework in Malaysia.
Halal Diets
Authors: Tieman Marco
Published: July 2021

Throughout the world, major shifts in dietary patterns are occurring, from carbohydrate-rich staples (cereals, roots, tubers) to vegetable oils, animal products (meat and dairy foods) to sugar. There is also an intake of increased energy supply from cheaper, processed food products. These new diets are a leading cause of cardiovascular disease, hypertension and stroke, obesity and type 2 diabetes, food allergies and some cancers. In order to prevent these diseases, research shows that vegetables and fruit should be the basis of our diets.7 However, our current food systems are providing us with high levels of salt, sugar and fat. Moreover, intensive meat and fish farming methods are using antibiotics in animal feed, both to prevent diseases in industrially raised animals and make those animals grow faster (therefore increasing feed efficiency). A side effect of this process is that these antibiotics also enter the human food chain. Various studies show that antibiotics significantly increase weight and body fat levels. The result of our current diets has been an increase in obesity, diabetes and associated diseases, reaching epidemic proportions in regions like Asia and the Middle East.
The Maqasid of Zakah and Awqaf and Their Roles in Inclusive Finance
Authors: Al-Mubarak Tawfique
Published: July 2021

Financial inclusion refers to the providing of finance to the non-financeable segments of the population, who are traditionally denied financial services like banking and insurance facilities due to the absence of collaterals to substantiate their ‘bankability’. They are thus considered as ‘un-bankable’ by formal financial institutions. This ‘un-bankable’ segment of society isestimated to cover more than 2 billion adults - that is around one third of the world population, and over half of the world’s working adults - hindering them from growth, productivity, employment, and stability, compromising the peace and prosperity of society at large. Therefore, the primary aim of inclusive finance is to provide the ‘un-bankable’ with access to finance, to strengthen domestic resource mobilization and contribute to economic and social development. In recent years, only conventional and Islamic microfinance institutions (IsMFIs) have considered ‘inclusive finance’ - which includes various delivery channels, like credit unions, banks, insurance and also mobile operators. However, the Islamic institutions of zakah (compulsory alms) and awqaf (perpetual charities) were also ordained with the objectives (maqasid) of eradicating poverty, circulation of wealth, creating a stable and sustainable economy, and enhancing micro, small and large scale infrastructure for social and economic development. This paper attempts to identify the maqasid of these two traditional institutions of the Islamic economy and their potential roles in inclusive finance.
Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia: Kemajuan dan Pencapaian
Authors: Mohamed Adil Mohamed Azam
Published: July 2021

Malaysia’s Shariah court system long predates the country’s Independence in 1957 and has since undergone a series of developments. Yet the Shariah court’s jurisdiction remains limited by the Parliament and the Federal Constitution. This limited jurisdiction has triggered an on-going conflict between Shariah courts and civil courts. This article discusses the jurisdiction of Shariah court prior to and after the landmark amendment inserting Article 121 (1A) into the Malaysian Federal Constitution. It also discusses the challenges faced by the Shariah courts within and outside the system. This article suggests that the present jurisdiction of the Shariah courts should be reviewed, and that the civil courts should not interfere with the jurisdiction that has been awarded to the Shariah courts, even if that jurisdiction is only implied. This article ends with a suggestion that a Special court should be set up to adjudicate cases pertaining to Islamic law but involving parties of different faiths.
The Halal Regulatory Framework in Malaysia Should be Consolidated: A Proposal
Authors: Abdullah Apnizan
Published: July 2021

The formation of Halal Development Corporation (HDC) in September 2006 was a strong indication of the Malaysian government’s aspiration towards actualising Malaysia as the regional and international hub for Halal industry. HDC is dedicated to becoming the central implementation agency for key Halal industry development initiatives. Its pertinent roles are to promote Halal industries, liaise with government agencies and authorities and to assist business entities and investors. Since Halal is a national agenda, in discharging its function HDC closely works with various agencies which include Department of Islamic Development Malaysia (JAKIM), State Religious Council/Department of States, Ministry of Domestic Trade, Co-Operatives & Consumerism (MDTCC), Ministry of Trade And Industry (MITI), Malaysia External Trade Development Corporation (MATRADE), Malaysian Industrial Development Authority (MIDA), Department of Veterinary Services, Department of Standards and many more. A fuller picture of the Halal certification procedure in Malaysia, as I attempt to show below, is in order to place my proposal for its consolidation in its proper context.