bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ambidexterity GSLC TUT 3
Authors: Gifary Havitz Shidiq
Published: November 2021

Ambidexterity adalah kemampuan perusahaan untuk beradaptasi dengan cepat dan murah terhadap perubahan dan krisis tanpa mempengaruhi kualitas produk dan layanannya. Perusahaan-perusahaan yang bertahan sejauh ini mampu secara radikal mengubah cara mereka berbisnis dalam menghadapi pandemi. Covid19 menekankan perlunya membangun perusahaan yang gesit, tetapi lebih dari itu, menekankan perlunya membangun budaya berkelanjutan yang gesit di dalam perusahaan. Ada banyak cara untuk melakukan ini, tetapi beberapa menganjurkan "strategi pengumpulan-pengetahuan" untuk membangun budaya kelincahan. Untuk membangun budaya kelincahan dengan mendorong setiap orang dalam organisasi untuk menanyakan rutinitas yang telah ditetapkan kapan saja dan mencari serta menawarkan pendekatan yang berbeda untuk mencapai tujuan yang ambisius.Ini adalah cara terbaik. Kita tidak harus terus-menerus dipusingkan dengan bisnis kita, tetapi sering kali bermanfaat untuk menjaga karyawan kita dalam lingkungan yang inovatif ketika perubahan besar diperlukan. Ini adalah salah satu cara terbaik untuk tetap berada di depan kurva dan menghindari masalah.
Sample size determination for Bayesian testing of informative hypothesis in linear regression models
Authors: Fu Qianrao
Published: November 2021

It is a tradition that goes back to Jacob Cohen to calculate the sample size before collecting data. The most commonly asked question is: "How many subjects do we need to obtain a significant result if we use the p-value to evaluate the hypothesis if an effect size exists?" In the Bayesian framework, we may want to know how many subjects are needed to get convincing evidence if we use the Bayes factor to evaluate the hypothesis. This paper proposes a solution to the above question by reaching two goals: firstly, the size of the Bayes factor reaches a given threshold, and secondly the probability that the Bayes factor exceeds the given threshold reaches a required value. Researchers can express their expectations through the order or the sign hypothesis of the parameters in a linear regression model. For example, the researchers may expect the regression coefficient to be $\beta_1>\beta_2>\beta_3$, which is an order constrained hypothesis; or the researchers may expect a regression coefficient $\beta_1>0$, which is a sign hypothesis. The greatest advantage of using a specific hypothesis is that the sample size required is reduced compared to an unconstrained hypothesis to achieve the same probability that the Bayes factor exceeds some threshold. This article provides sample size tables for the null hypothesis, order hypothesis, sign hypothesis, complement hypothesis, and unconstrained hypothesis. To enhance the applicability, an R package is developed via a Monte Carlo simulation, which can facilitate psychologists while planning the sample size even if they do not have any statistical programming background.
No evidence for embodiment: The motor system is not needed to keep action words in working memory
Authors: Montero-Melis Guillermo , van Paridon Jeroen , Ostarek Markus , Bylund Emanuel
Published: November 2021

Increasing evidence implicates the sensorimotor systems with high-level cognition, but the extent to which these systems play a functional role remains debated. Using an elegant design, Shebani and Pulvermüller (2013) reported that carrying out a demanding rhythmic task with the hands led to selective impairment of working memory for hand-related words (e.g., clap), while carrying out the same task with the feet led to selective memory impairment for foot-related words (e.g., kick). Such a striking double dissociation is acknowledged even by critics to constitute strong evidence for an embodied account of working memory. Here, we report on an attempt at a direct replication of this important finding. We followed a sequential sampling design and stopped data collection at N=77 (more than five times the original sample size), at which point the evidence for the lack of the critical selective interference effect was very strong (BF01 = 91). This finding constitutes strong evidence against a functional contribution of the motor system to keeping action words in working memory. Our finding fits into the larger emerging picture in the field of embodied cognition that sensorimotor simulations are neither required nor automatic in high-level cognitive processes, but that they may play a role depending on the task. Importantly, we urge researchers to engage in transparent, high-powered, and fully pre-registered experiments like the present one to ensure the field advances on a solid basis.
‘She couldn’t leave them… the perpetrator had threatened to burn them alive’: Domestic abuse helpline calls relating to companion animals during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hawkins Roxanne , Brodie Zara , MacLean Chloe , McKinlay Jack
Published: November 2021

Companion animals can both protect against, and increase risk for, coercive control and abuse, yet have not been considered in existing UK COVID-19 reports of domestic abuse. This study aimed to explore the nature and frequency of animal-related calls received by UK domestic abuse helpline staff during the COVID-19 pandemic, examine any lockdown-related changes, identify potential commonalities across helpline organisations, and explore perspectives about ongoing animal-related issues in the context of domestic abuse. Semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted with 11 domestic abuse helpline staff workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were subjected to thematic analysis. The analysis revealed four overarching themes. Theme 1) Lockdown-related changes in the frequency and nature of animal-related calls received. Theme 2) Animals as tools for abuse during lockdown, with subthemes a) Manipulating the family-animal bond, and b) Fears over animal safety. Theme 3) Animals as barriers to refuge during lockdown, with subthemes, a) Lack of animal-friendly accommodation, b) Lack of social support systems, and c) Animals as coping mechanisms. Theme 4) Helpline staffs’ awareness of and links to animal friendly accommodation and fostering services. The findings can inform decision making regarding appropriate long-term support needs for multi-species families with complex needs, both during and post-pandemic.
Visual estimation of the force applied by another person
Authors: Ujitoko Yusuke , Kawabe Takahiro
Published: November 2021

As observers, we believe that we can visually estimate the force that another person applies to an object. However, it is unclear what kind of cues we use to do this. We have focused on two types of visual change that occur when a person pushes an elastic object from above with his or her finger: the first one relates to a finger/hand shaking, known as an ``induced tremor'' and the second one relates to object deformation due to the application of force. This study shows that human observers of videos combine these two visual cues to estimate the force being applied by another person in the videos. Overall, the apparent force was stronger when the shaking was larger and when the magnitude of the deformation was larger, although systematic individual differences existed. The estimation of force was likely made in separate cognitive functions from the estimation of object softness. Estimating the force that another person applies seems to be done by perceptually interpreting both the actions of others and their external outcomes.
Longitudinal Relations of Emotion Knowledge to Psychosocial Adjustment in European and Chinese American School-Age Children
Authors: Yang Yang , Wang Qi
Published: November 2021

The study is the first to examine the developmental trajectory of emotion knowledge as it relates to psychosocial adjustment in a cross-cultural context. European American (EA, n = 68, 28 boys) and Chinese American (CA, n = 62, 31 boys) children and their mothers participated. Children’s emotion knowledge was assessed, and their psychosocial adjustment was reported by mothers at three time points when children were 6.5, 7, and 8 years of age. Although EA children had greater emotion knowledge at Time 1, CA children’s emotion knowledge grew faster over the following 1.5 years. In addition, emotion knowledge predicted fewer internalizing problems in CA children but predicted fewer externalizing problems in EA children. Thus, emotion knowledge was associated with psychosocial adjustment for both cultural groups, and particularly helpful for children to cope with issues to which they are most vulnerable in their respective cultural contexts. The findings shed critical light on the developmental trajectories of emotion understanding and psychosocial adjustment in specific cultural contexts.
Cumulative lifetime stress exposure assessed by the STRAIN predicts economic ambiguity aversion
Authors: Raio Candace , Lu Benjamin , Grubb Michael A. , Shields Grant S. , Slavich George M. , Glimcher Paul
Published: November 2021

Uncertainty is inherent in most decisions humans make. Economists distinguish between twotypes of decision-making under non-certain conditions: those involving risk (i.e., knownoutcome probabilities) and those that involve ambiguity (i.e., unknown outcome probabilities).Prior work has identified individual differences that explain risk preferences, but less is knownabout factors associated with ambiguity aversion. Here, we hypothesized that cumulativeexposure to major stressors over the lifespan might be one factor that predicts an individuals’ambiguity aversion. Across two studies (Study 1: n = 58, Mean age = 25.7; Study 2: n = 188, Mean age =39.81), we used a comprehensive lifetime stress exposure inventory (i.e., the Stress andAdversity Inventory for Adults, or STRAIN) and a standard economic approach to quantify riskand ambiguity preferences. Greater lifetime stress exposure as measured by the STRAIN,particularly in early life, was associated with higher aversion to ambiguity but not risk attitudes.
Clustering of health behaviours in Canadians: A multiple behaviour analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging
Authors: van Allen Zack , Bacon Simon , Bernard Paquito , Brown Heather , desroches sophie , Kastner Monika , Lavoie Kim , Marques Marta M , McCleary Nicola , straus sharon , Taljaard Monica , Thavorn Kednapa , Tomasone Jennifer Rose , Presseau Justin
Published: November 2021

Health risk behaviours such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking tobacco, and alcohol use are each leading risk factors for non-communicable chronic disease and each play a central role in limiting health and life satisfaction. However, much less is known about how co-occurring behaviours are associated with health outcomes. Understanding which behaviours tend to co-occur (i.e., cluster together), and how such clusters are associated with physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and health care utilization may provide novel opportunities to leverage this co-occurrence to develop and evaluate interventions to promote multiple health behaviour change. Using cross-sectional baseline data (N=40,268) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, we performed a pre-defined set of analyses to examine the co-occurrence of health behaviours. We used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to cluster individuals based on their behavioural tendencies and multinomial logistic regression to examine how these clusters are associated with demographic characteristics, healthcare utilization, and general health and life satisfaction, and assess whether sex and age moderate these relationships. Seven clusters were identified with clusters differentiated by six of the seven health behaviours included in the analysis. Variability between clusters was observed in frequencies of weekly walking, strenuous exercise, and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic characteristics varied across several clusters while self-reported physical/mental health showed less variation across clusters. The seven identified clusters of health behaviours allow for contrasts to be made with comparable analyses in other countries and will help inform the development of future health behaviour change interventions tailored to sub-populations and their sociodemographic profiles.
Visuospatial integration: Paleoanthropological and archaeological perspectives
Authors: Bruner Emiliano , spinapolice enza e. , Burke Ariane , Overmann Karenleigh A.
Published: November 2021

The visuospatial system integrates inner and outer functional processes, organizing spatial, temporal, and social interactions between brain, body, and environment. These processes involve sensorimotor networks like the eye–hand circuit, which is especially important to primates, given their reliance on vision and touch as primary sensory modalities and the use of the hands in social and environmental interactions. At the same time, visuospatial cognition is intimately connected with egocentric memory, self-awareness, and simulation capacity. In the present article, we review issues associated with investigating visuospatial integration in extinct human groups through the use of anatomical and behavioral data gleaned from the paleontological and archaeological records. In modern humans, paleoneurological analyses have demonstrated noticeable and unique morphological changes in parietal cortex, an area crucial to visuospatial management. Archaeological data provides information on hand-tool interaction, the spatial behavior of past populations and their interaction with the environment (e.g. in domains like landscape use and navigation, the spatial relations implicit in social networks, etc.). Visuospatial integration may represent a critical bridge between extended cognition, self-awareness, and social perception. As such, visuospatial functions are relevant to the hypothesis that human evolution is characterized by changes in brain–body–environment interactions and relations, which enhance possibilities for integrating inner and outer cognitive components through neural plasticity and a specialized embodiment capacity. We therefore advocate the investigation of visuospatial functions in past populations through the paleoneurological study of anatomical elements and archaeological analysis of visuospatial behaviors.
Elementi poganske tradicije u pozadini predbožićnih blagdana kod Rusina u Vojvodini
Authors: Edelinski Mikolka Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Članak proučava elemente pretkršćanske tradicije prisutne u pozadini kršćanskih blagdana kod vojvođanskih Rusina. Cilj je rada prikazati utjecaj poganske tradicije na razvoj vanjske forme tih blagdana. Analiza pojedinih narodnih običaja koji se nalaze u pozadini blagdana u predbožićnom periodu, odnosno na početku zimskoga ciklusa, konkretno u pozadini blagdana sv. Andrije i sv. Barbare sa sličnim elementima koji su prisutni u poganskim običajima na početku ljetnoga ciklusa, daje nam mogućnost primijetiti da elementi poganske tradicije posjeduju svojevrsnu mitološku dijalektiku između svjetla i tame. Istodobno ovo istraživanje osvjetljava nam dio problema s kojima se susretala Crkva prilikom pokrštavanja poganskih naroda.
Hrvatska filozofkinja Ivana Rossi o filozofiji Henrija Bergsona
Authors: Skuhala Karasman Ivana
Published: November 2021

Ivana Rossi (1892.–1963.) prva je Hrvatica koja je 1916. godine na Zagrebačkom sveučilištu doktorirala filozofiju tezom Osnovne misli filozofije Henri Bergsona. Profesionalno je radila kao gimnazijska profesorica. Objavila je dva rada: članak Nekoliko misli Henri Bergsona o estetici (1929.) i prijevod s engleskoga Peter Pan u perivoju Kensington (1922.). Ovdje donosim gotovo nepoznatu biografiju Ivane Rossi, sažetak njezine disertacije i pregled recepcije Bergsonove filozofije u nas.
دور أبعاد ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية في تحقيق التنمية في مؤسسات ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية في جنوب الضفة الغربية
Authors: حاتم مصباح السمامرة أموني , عارف عبد الرحمن درويش نضال
Published: November 2021

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى تسليط الضوء على أبعاد ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية في مؤسسات ريادة الأعمال في جنوب الضفة الغربية، متمثلة في الرؤية الاجتماعية، والشبكات الاجتماعية، واستدامة الممارسات، وتوليد الدخل ، والابتكار، ودورها في تحقيق. التنمية ببعديها الاقتصادي والاجتماعي. تم استخدام المنهج الوصفي لإجراء هذه الدراسة، حيث تكون مجتمع الدراسة من الموظفين والمتطوعين في مؤسسات الريادة الاجتماعية في محافظتي الخليل وبيت لحم (جنوب الضفة الغربية). أجريت الدراسة وفقاً لأسلوب العينة العشوائية لمجتمع الدراسة المكون من (402) موظفاً ومتطوعاً، حيث بلغ حجم العينة (196). وزعت استبانة الدراسة إلكترونياً على العينة وبلغ معدل استرجاع الاستبانة (97.4%). كما تم تحليل البيانات باستخدام البرنامج الإحصائي. (SPSS V23). توصلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج أهمها : توجد علاقة مباشرة قوية بين جهود ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية وتحقيق التنمية الاقتصادية والاجتماعية في المجتمع الفلسطيني. كما أشارت النتائج أن بُعد الشبكات الاجتماعية هو الأكثر أهمية وتأثيراً في مؤسسات ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية في جنوب الضفة الغربية. كما أظهرت النتائج وجود رؤية اجتماعية، ومستوى عالٍ من استدامة الممارسات، ومستوى عالٍ من الابتكار بين مؤسسات ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية.، كما تمتلك هذه المؤسسات القدرة على توليد الدخل، وإن كان ذلك بطريقة أقل أهمية من الجوانب الأخرى لريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية. قدمت الدراسة عدة توصيات أهمها: إرساء الأساس للعمل التعاوني المشترك بين مؤسسات ريادة الأعمال الاجتماعية في المناطق الجغرافية المجاورة. تعزيز وتشجيع ثقافة الابتكار على جميع المستويات، والعمل على تعزيز الشبكات الاجتماعية الفعالة في المجتمع الفلسطيني، وكذلك تطوير رأس المال البشري القادر على مساعدة هذه المنظمات في مشاريعها وأنشطتها، وأخيراً الاهتمام والتركيز على المشاريع القادرة على توليد دخل طويل الأجل.
Charcot's motor brain map and 19th-century neurosurgery
Authors: Leblanc Richard
Published: November 2021

Neurosurgery is predicated on the knowledge of the structure-function relationship of the brain. When the topic is broached in its historiography, it begins with Fritch and Hitzig's report on the localization of motor function in the cortex of the dog and skips rapidly to Wilder Penfield's homunculus. In that gap are found the origins of modern neurosurgery in 3 papers published by Jean-Martin Charcot and Albert Pitres between 1877 and 1879 in which they describe the somatotopic organization of the human motor cortex and draw the first human brain map. Their findings, obtained through the clinicopathological method, gave relevance to David Ferrier's observations in animals. Their work was extensively cited, and their illustrations reproduced by Ferrier in his landmark lecture to the Royal College of Physicians in 1878. It was known to William Macewen, who used localization to guide him in resecting intracranial mass lesions, and to William Osler and John Hughlings Jackson, who were early advocates of intracranial surgery. This paper describes Charcot and Pitres' discovery of the cortical origin of human voluntary movement and its somatotopic organization, and their influence on 19th-century intracranial surgery. It fills a gap in the historiography of cerebral localization and neurosurgery.
Facial pain and sensory outcomes following resection of tumors compressing the trigeminal nerve
Authors: Castro Maria R. H. , Magill Stephen T. , Morshed Ramin A. , Young Jacob S. , Braunstein Steve E. , McDermott Michael W. , Chang Edward F.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Tumors compressing the trigeminal nerve can cause facial pain, numbness, or paresthesias. Limited data exist describing how these symptoms change after resection and what factors predict symptom improvement. The objective of this study was to report trigeminal pain and sensory outcomes after tumor resection and identify factors predicting postoperative symptom improvement.

METHODS

This retrospective study included patients with tumors causing facial pain, numbness, or paresthesias who underwent resection. Trigeminal schwannomas were excluded. Logistic regression, recursive partitioning, and time-to-event analyses were used to report outcomes and identify variables associated with facial sensory outcomes.

RESULTS

Eighty-six patients met inclusion criteria, and the median follow-up was 3.1 years; 63 patients (73%) had meningiomas and 23 (27%) had vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Meningioma patients presented with pain, numbness, and paresthesias in 56%, 76%, and 25% of cases, respectively, compared with 9%, 91%, and 39%, respectively, for patients with VS. Most meningioma patients had symptoms for less than 1 year (60%), whereas the majority of VS patients had symptoms for 1–5 years (59%). The median meningioma and VS diameters were 3.0 and 3.4 cm, respectively. For patients with meningiomas, gross-total resection (GTR) was achieved in 27% of patients, near-total resection (NTR) in 29%, and subtotal resection (STR) in 44%. For patients with VS, GTR was achieved in 9%, NTR in 30%, and STR in 61%. Pain improved immediately after tumor resection in 81% of patients and in 92% of patients by 6 weeks. Paresthesias improved immediately in 80% of patients, increasing to 84% by 6 weeks. Numbness improved more slowly, with 52% of patients improving immediately, increasing to 79% by 2 years. Pain recurred in 22% of patients with meningiomas and 0% of patients with VSs. After resection, the Barrow Neurological Institute (BNI) facial pain intensity score improved in 73% of patients. The tumor diameter significantly predicted improvement in BNI score (OR 0.47/cm larger, 95% CI 0.22–0.99; p = 0.047). Complete decompression of the trigeminal nerve was associated with qualitative improvement in pain (p = 0.037) and decreased pain recurrence (OR 0.08, 95% CI 0.01–0.67; p = 0.024).

CONCLUSIONS

Most patients with facial sensory symptoms caused by meningiomas or VSs experienced improvement after resection. Surgery led to immediate and sustained improvement in pain and paresthesias, whereas numbness was slower to improve. Patients with smaller tumors and complete decompression of the trigeminal nerve were more likely to experience improvement in facial pain.
Clinicoradiological characteristics of primary spinal cord H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma
Authors: Cheng Lei , Wang Leiming , Yao Qingyu , Ma Longbing , Duan Wanru , Guan Jian , Zhang Can , Wang Kai , Liu Zhenlei , Wang Xingwen , Wang Zuowei , Wu Hao , Chen Zan , Jian Fengzeng
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Primary spinal cord H3 K27M-mutant diffuse midline glioma (DMG) is a rare and devastating pathological entity. However, little attention has been paid to this disease. As a result, its clinicoradiological characteristics have yet to be described. The aim of this study was to describe the clinicoradiological characteristics of primary intramedullary H3 K27M-mutant DMG and to compare this tumor with the H3 K27 wild-type to explore potential features that could differentiate the two.

METHODS

A total of 59 patients with pathologically confirmed intramedullary astrocytoma were included in this study. The cohort was divided into an H3 K27M-mutant group and H3 K27 wild-type group based on the status of H3 K27M according to an immunohistochemistry method. Demographic data, MRI features, and molecular information were collected. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to investigate variables that might have a role in differentiating an H3 K27M DMG from an H3 K27 wild-type tumor.

RESULTS

Only symptom duration showed an independent association with the H3 K27M mutation (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.68–0.94, p = 0.016). Patients with spinal cord H3 K27M-mutant DMG had a shorter symptom duration than patients with H3 K27 wild-type glioma. No significant difference was found in terms of MRI features between the H3 K27M-mutant and H3 K27 wild-type groups. Additionally, H3 K27M-mutant DMG frequently demonstrated overexpression of p53. Survival outcome did not show a statistical difference between the H3 K27-mutant subgroup and H3 K27 wild-type subgroup in histologically high-grade astrocytoma.

CONCLUSIONS

Symptom duration was associated with an H3 K27M mutation in intramedullary astrocytoma. MRI features were heterogeneous, and no imaging feature was able to predict the H3 K27M mutation. The H3 K27M mutation did not impact survival outcome in spinal histologically high-grade astrocytoma.
Semidirect targeting–based stereotactic mesencephalotomy for the treatment of refractory pain: a case series
Authors: Marques Rômulo A. S. , Alencar Helioenai S. , Bannach Matheus A. , Vilela-Filho Osvaldo
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

One of the few resources for treating medically intractable pain is ablative surgery, but its indications have fallen dramatically over the last decades. One such procedure is mesencephalotomy. This study aims to determine current risks and benefits of MR-guided semidirect targeting–based stereotactic mesencephalotomy.

METHODS

This was a retrospective study based on a review of the medical records of 22 patients with nociceptive (n = 5), neuropathic (n = 10), or mixed (n = 7) refractory pain treated with unilateral mesencephalotomy alone (17 patients) or associated with bilateral anterior cingulotomy (5 patients) between 2014 and 2021 in the authors’ institutions. The confidence interval adopted in this study was 95%.

RESULTS

The sample included 12 women and 10 men with ages ranging from 23 to 80 years (mean 55.1 ± 17.1 years). Using MR-guided semidirect targeting, the following structures were targeted: spinoreticulothalamic (neuropathic/mixed pain, n = 17), trigeminothalamic (nociceptive/mixed pain in the face, n = 5), and neospinothalamic (nociceptive/mixed pain in the body, n = 7) pathways. The most common response to macrostimulation was central heat/moderate discomfort. Radiofrequency thermocoagulation was made with 70°C–75°C/60 sec.

A total of 86.3% (3 months) and 76.9% (12 months) of the patients achieved excellent or good results (improvement of pain > 50%), presenting with a significant mean pain relief of 80.1% at 3 months and 71.4% at 12 months postoperatively. The addition of bilateral anterior cingulotomy did not improve the results. Patients with upper limb, cervicobrachial, and face pain did significantly better than those with trunk pain. The worst results were seen in patients with neuropathic and/or trunk pain. The surgical failure (pain relief ≤ 25%) and recurrence rates were 9.1% each, apparently related to the use of lower lesioning parameters (70°C/60 sec) and to the presence of neuropathic and/or trunk pain. The morbidity rate was 8%, with both complications (vertical diplopia and confusion/agitation) happening in patients lesioned with 75°C/60 sec. There were no deaths in this series.

CONCLUSIONS

These results show that contemporary stereotactic mesencephalotomy is an effective, relatively low-risk, and probably underused procedure for treating medically intractable pain. Careful semidirect determination of the target coordinates associated with close attention to electrical macrostimulation responses certainly plays an important role in avoiding complications in most of the procedures. A higher lesioning temperature (75°C) apparently prevents recurrence, but at the cost of an increased risk of complications.
Targeting for stereotactic radiosurgical thalamotomy based on tremor treatment response
Authors: Luo Guozhen , Cameron Brent D. , Wang Li , Yu Hong , Neimat Joseph S. , Hedera Peter , Phibbs Fenna , Bradley Elise B. , Cmelak Anthony J. , Kirschner Austin N.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVE

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) treats severe, medically refractory essential tremor and tremor-dominant Parkinson disease. However, the optimal target for SRS treatment within the thalamic ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) is not clearly defined. This work evaluates the precision of the physician-selected VIM target, and determines the optimal SRS target within the VIM by correlation between early responders and nonresponders.

METHODS

Early responders and nonresponders were assessed retrospectively by Elements Basal Ganglia Atlas autocontouring of the VIM on the pre–SRS-treatment 1-mm slice thickness T1-weighted MRI and correlating the center of the post–SRS-treatment lesion. Using pre- and posttreatment diffusion tensor imaging, the fiber tracking package in the Elements software generated tremor-related tracts from autosegmented motor cortex, thalamus, red nucleus, and dentate nucleus. Autocontouring of the VIM was successful for all patients.

RESULTS

Among 23 patients, physician-directed SRS targets had a medial–lateral target range from +2.5 mm to −2.0 mm from the VIM center. Relative to the VIM center, the SRS isocenter target was 0.7–0.9 mm lateral for 6 early responders and 0.9–1.1 mm medial for 4 nonresponders (p = 0.019), and without differences in the other dimensions: 0.2 mm posterior and 0.6 mm superior. Dose–volume histogram analyses for the VIM had no significant differences between responders and nonresponders between 20 Gy and 140 Gy, mean or maximum dose, and dose to small volumes. Tractography data was obtained for 4 patients.

CONCLUSIONS

For tremor control in early responders, the Elements Basal Ganglia Atlas autocontour for the VIM provides the optimal SRS target location that is 0.7–0.9 mm lateral to the VIM center.
Editorial
Authors: Lázaro García María Luisa
Published: November 2021

Editorial para el Vol. 38, Núm. 3, 2021.
Calidad de Vida de los jóvenes con Trastorno del Espectro Autista en la transición a la edad adulta
Authors: Maradiaga González A. , Calvo Escalona R.
Published: November 2021

Introducción: El Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA) es un trastorno del neurodesarrollo que persiste a lo largo de toda la vida. Sin embargo, apenas existen estudios sobre la transición a la vida adulta de las personas con TEA y aún menos sobre su calidad de vida. Método: Estudio descriptivo de los mayores de edad con diagnóstico de TEA transferidos desde un centro de salud mental infanto-juvenil comunitario y urbano al dispositivo de salud mental de adultos correspondiente, entre los años 2016 a 2019. Participaron 17 de los 47 sujetos elegibles, completando cuestionarios de calidad de vida y psicopatología y respondiendo una entrevista semiestructurada sobre su funcionamiento y desempeño académico y laboral. Resultados: Los participantes, con una media de edad de 21,59 (2,18 dt) años, informaron de una calidad de vida inferior a la reportada en muestras de población general, especialmente en salud psicológica. El 70% de todos ellos presentaba un trastorno comórbido al TEA y cuanto más elevadas fueron sus puntuaciones en depresión, más se asociaron a una peor calidad de vida. Dos tercios de estos jóvenes cursa o ha terminado ya estudios superiores. Todos ellos continúan conviviendo con su familia de origen y tan solo una minoría (11,8%) ha tenido una relación de pareja o tiene un empleo (17,6%). Conclusión: Pese a los incuestionables logros funcionales de estos jóvenes, casi la mitad percibe una calidad de vida baja y suelen asociar sintomatología depresiva. La exploración de la calidad de vida en la etapa de transición a la vida adulta en estos pacientes puede favorecer el desarrollo de intervenciones específicas dirigidas a mejorar su satisfacción.
ORTADOĞU ÜLKELERİNDE KAMU VE ÖZEL SAĞLIK HARCAMALARININ BEKLENEN YAŞAM SÜRESİNE ETKİSİ
Authors: BULUT Şehadet
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı; Ortadoğu Ülkelerinde kamu ve özel sağlık harcamalarının doğumda beklenen yaşam süresine etkilerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla 18 Ortadoğu ülkesinin 2000-2018 yılları arasındaki verileri Eviews 9 Programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgulara göre kısa dönemde kamu ve özel sağlık harcamalarının yaşam beklentisi üzerinde herhangi bir etkisi bulunmazken uzun dönemde kamu ve özel sağlık harcamaları yaşam beklentisi üzerinde etkili olmaktadır. Ayrıca kamu sağlık harcamalarının yaşam beklentisine etkisinin, özel sağlık harcamalarına göre daha fazla olduğu elde edilen bulgular arasındadır.
ITIKAD BAIK PELAKU USAHA BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 8 TAHUN 1999 TENTANG PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN
Authors: Dadhan Marganti Ritonga Roby
Published: November 2021

Itikad baik bagi  pelaku usaha dalam  menjalankan usahanya dimaksudkan  agar konsumen didalam menggunakan barang-barang yang dibeli mendapat suatu tindakan perlindungan sebagaimana juga yang tertuang dalam Undang-Undang Perlindungan Konsumen. Namun yang terjadi adalah bahwa itikad baik pelaku usaha tidak berjalan sebagai mana mestinya, yaitu tidak adanya keseimbangan antara itikad baik pelaku usaha dan  perlindungan konsumen yang di dapat oleh konsumen. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis itikad baik terhadap pelaku usaha dan menganalisis akibat hukum pelaku  usaha yang tidak beritikad baik kepada konsumen berdasarkan Undang – Undang Nomor 8 tahun 1999 tentang perlindungan konsumen. Metode penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini adalah Pertanggungjawaban pelaku usaha terhadap promosi yang tidak benar dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen (UUPK) khususnya terdapat dalam Pasal 7 menyatakan pelaku usaha wajib memberikan informasi yang benar, jelas, dan jujur, benar dan tidak menyesatkan konsumen, sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerugian bagi konsumen.Serta akibat hukum bagi pelaku usaha yang melanggar akan dikenakan sanksi sesuai dengan ketentuan Pasal 60 dan Pasal 62 Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen

Good faith for business actors in carrying out their business is intended so that consumers in using the purchased goods receive a protective measure as also stated in the Consumer Protection Act. However, what happens is that the good faith of business actors does not work as it should, namely there is no balance between the good faith of business actors and consumer protection that is obtained by consumers. The purpose of the study is to analyze the good faith of business actors and to analyze the legal consequences of business actors who do not have good intentions towards consumers based on Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection. This research method is normative legal research. The results of this study are the responsibility of business actors for improper promotions in Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection (UUPK) especially contained in Article 7 stating that business actors are obliged to provide correct, clear and honest information, correct and not misleading consumers. , so as not to cause harm to consumers. As well as legal consequences for business actors who violate will be subject to sanctions in accordance with the provisions of Article 60 and Article 62 of Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection.
KARANTINA WILAYAH BERDASARKAN UNDANG-UNDANG NO 6 TAHUN 2018 TENTANG KEKARANTINAAN KESEHATAN
Authors: SOMMALIAGUSTINA DESI
Published: November 2021

Abstrak

Kemunculan pandemi virus corona di Wuhan, China, pada bulan Desember tahun lalu menjadi ancaman kematian global. Hal ini disebabkan kemampuan virus menyebar dengan cepat dan kemampuannya dalam menimbulkan dampak yang fatal bagi kesehatan. Kekhawatiran akibat dampak yang ditimbulkan virus corona, menyebabkan karantina kesehatan menjadi wacana yang harus segera dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia. Wacana ini berkembang karena termaktub dan tercantum jelas bahwa karantina kesehatan merupakan cara yang efektif memutus mata rantai penyebaran virus di saat terjadi kedaratan bencana seperti wabah virus corona hari ini yang dapat menimbulkan dampak dan kerugian besar bagi negara dan masyarakat Indonesia. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2018 Tentang Kekarantinaan Kesehatan dengan jelas menerangkan tentang adanya pembatasan mengenai masuk dan keluarnya individu ke suatu daerah yang telah dinyatakan sumber wabah, termasuk mengatur pula tentang adanya perintah untuk melakukan isolasi, karantina wilayah, vaksinasi dan lain sebagainya untuk menghentikan penyebaran wabah yang terjadi di Indonesia.

 

REGIONAL QUARANTINE BASED ON LAW No. 6 OF 2018 CONCERNING HEALTH QUARANTINE

 

Abstract

The appearance of the Corona virus pandemic in Wuhan, China, in December last year became a threat of global death. This is due to the rapidly spreading virus ability and its ability to inflict a fatal impact on health. Concerns due to the impact caused by Corona virus, cause health quarantine to be a discourse that the government should immediately do. This discourse develops because it is enlisted and clearly stated that health quarantine is an effective way to break the chain of virus spread in the event of catastrophic emergency such as Corona virus outbreak today that can cause substantial impact and loss for the country and Society of Indonesia. In Law No. 6 of 2018 concerning health's infidelity clearly describes the limitations on entrance and discharge of individuals to an area that has been declared the source of the plague, including also regulating the presence of orders for isolation, territorial quarantine, vaccination, etc. to stop the spread of the outbreak in Indonesia.
DIKOTOMI PIDANA MATI SEBAGAI HAK ASASI MANUSIA DI INDONESIA MENURUT HUKUM POSITIF DAN HUKUM PIDANA ISLAM
Authors: Afif Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Eksekusi hukuman mati dalam hukum positif Indonesia dilakukan dengan cara hukuman mati, yang berarti bahwa eksekusi hukuman mati tidak dilakukan di depan orang banyak atau tidak dipublikasikan. Dalam hukum pidana Islam, dieksekusi dengan cara dipenggal, dilempar dengan batu (Rajam) dan dieksekusi di depan umum, artinya eksekusi hukuman mati disaksikan oleh publik. Jenis penelitian merupakan penelitian normative.Pokok bahasan dari artikel ini adalah bagaimana eksekusi hukuman mati memberikan efek jera bagi masyarakat? karena salah satu tujuan hukuman mati adalah memberikan efek jera kepada seseorang / masyarakat agar tidak melakukan kejahatan. Tidak ada perbedaan antara eksekusi hukuman mati dilihat dalam hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam, pada dasarnya kedua tindak pidana tersebut sama-sama memberikan efek jera berupa ketakutan kepada publik untuk melakukan kejahatan atau tindakan yang melanggar hukum. Perbedaan antara hukum positif Indonesia dan hukum Islam, hanya dalam hal prosedur eksekusi.

Abstract

The execution of the death penalty in Indonesian positive law is carried out by means of a death shot, meaning that the execution of the death penalty is not carried out in front of a crowd or unpublished. In Islamic criminal law, the execution is executed by beheaded, thrown with stone (Rajam) and the execution is executed in front of the public, meaning that the execution of capital punishment is witnessed by the public. this type of research is normative research. The subject matter of this article is how the execution of capital punishment theoretically gives more deterrent effect to society? because one of the objectives of criminalizing, especially capital punishment is to give deterrent effect to a person / society in order not to commit a crime / crime. The execution of the death penalty between two criminal sides namely the positive crime of Indonesia and Islamic crime, basically the two criminal act equally give a deterrent effect in the form of fear to the public to commit a crime or a crime that violates the law. It's just possible to see the difference between positive criminal Indonesia and Islamic crime in terms of the procedure of execution execution.
Voices in the Storm: The Lost Discourse of Climate Change in Hurricanes Harvey and Irma
Authors:   Fairleigh Dickinson University, 1000 River Road, T-RH1-01, Teaneck, NJ 07666, USA, Battistoli B.F.
Published: November 2021

This study sought to answer the research question: How did media address climate change in reporting on Hurricanes Harvey and Irma? A content analysis was performed on the coverage of Hurricanes Harvey and Irma over a six-week timeframe by two national newspapers, The New York Times and the Los Angeles Times, and two local newspapers, the Houston Chronicle for Hurricane Harvey and the Tampa Bay Times for Hurricane Irma. A keyword analysis yielded 630 news articles (N=630), of which only 23 (3.65%) mentioned “climate change,” “global warming,” or both. Language that addressed these terms was coded on a Likert Scale (0-5, negative to positive), yielding a median score of 3.44, “slightly positive.” An extensive literature review and discussion of the findings and implications for future research are included. Keywords: Hurricane Harvey, Hurricane Irma, climate change, global warming, newspaper content analysis.
Jednogodišnji projekt Učiteljske škole u Senju
Authors: Raguž Mirko
Published: November 2021

Pojedini poznavatelji prošlosti grada Senja znali su spomenuti da je u njihovu gradu nekada djelovala Učiteljska škola. Takve informacije uvijek su se dosad pripisivale vremenu rada i djelovanja glavnih i normalnih pučkih škola u 18. i 19. st. Međutim, tragom jednoga pisanog dokumenta u Senjskoj gimnaziji s početka pedesetih godina prošloga stoljeća, nailazi se na podatak da je u Senju školske godine 1950./1951. djelovao odjel Učiteljske škole. Taj je pokušaj osnivanja Učiteljske škole ostao u okvirima gdje je i započeo, bez uvjeta, opremljenosti i dostatne stručnosti, ali i nedovoljne želje za nastavkom školovanja samih polaznika. Iz svega se može zaključiti kako to nije bila škola za buduće učitelje u klasičnom smislu riječi.
Obilježavanje 500. obljetnice Senjske glagoljske tiskare - prigodna poštanska marka i kovanica
Authors: Buovac Marin
Published: November 2021

500. obljetnica osnutka glagoljske tiskare u Senju, kao itekako vrijedan kulturnopovijesni događaj, 1994. godine ovjekovječena je na filatelističkom i numizmatičkom materijalu – na službenom novcu i poštanskim markama Republike Hrvatske. Upravo filatelija i numizmatika na svojstven način svojim doprinosima i ostvarenjima uspješno otimaju zaboravu tako vrijedne događaje i obljetnice iz bogate kulturno-povijesne baštine Hrvata. Štoviše, one svojim utjecajem i ostvarenjima kao svojevrsnim propagandnim medijem uspješno populariziraju sva kulturno-povijesna bogatstva diljem zemlje i svijeta. Autor u ovome tekstu donosi prikaz ovjekovječenja tog povijesnog događaja na filatelističkom i numizmatičkom materijalu.
Zbirka sentencija iz Petrisova i Grškovićeva zbornika u kontekstu hrvatskoglagoljske refleksivne proze
Authors: Radošević Andrea
Published: November 2021

U radu se analizira kratka zbirka sentencija iz dvaju hrvatskoglagoljskih zbornika: Petrisova i Grškovićeva. Zbirka se većim dijelom sastoji od citata i parafraza biblijskih mudrosnih knjiga (Mudre izreke, Propovjednik, Knjiga Sirahova). Usporedbom dvaju prijepisa Zbirke iz navedenih zbornika s hrvatskoglagoljskim brevijarima utvrđuju se sličnosti i razlike u pristupu biblijskim citatima. Na više se primjera pronalaze potvrde slobodnoga odnosa prema prepisivanom tekstu, pogotovo u kompilaciji iz 16. stoljeća. Sličnosti između citata u Zbirci i nekim brevijarima, a koje ne nalazimo ni u Septuaginti, ni Vulgati, ni u parimejnicima, upućuju na mogućnost zagledanja u glagoljske brevijare tijekom prepisivanja Zbirke. Rad pridonosi poznavanju hrvatske srednjovjekovne refleksivne proze.
Les premières années du Conseil supérieur de l’éducation (1964–1966)
Authors: Lemieux Olivier , Warren Jean-Philippe
Published: November 2021

La Révolution tranquille voit la création au Québec d’un très grand nombre de structures au nom de l’accessibilité à l’éducation et aux études supérieures. Au cœur de toutes ces innovations, un organisme se démarque par sa « continuité » avec le passé, le Conseil supérieur de l’éducation. Dans le cadre de cet article, nous nous intéresserons aux premiers jours de cet organisme afin de saisir comment ses premiers membres ont interprété et opérationnalisé la mission qui leur a été confiée par la Commission Parent et le ministre de l’Éducation de l’époque, Paul Gérin-Lajoie. Ce regard est enrichi par une revue des commentaires et des reportages réalisés à propos du nouvel organisme. Ainsi, nous proposons un éclairage original sur les premières années de cet organisme réfléchi comme l’un des principaux piliers de l’effort de démocratisation et de justice sociale de la Révolution tranquille.
Pruning by leveraging training dynamics
Authors: Apostol Andrei C. , Stol Maarten C. , Forré Patrick
Published: November 2021

We propose a novel pruning method which uses the oscillations around 0, i.e. sign flips, that a weight has undergone during training in order to determine its saliency. Our method can perform pruning before the network has converged, requires little tuning effort due to having good default values for its hyperparameters, and can directly target the level of sparsity desired by the user. Our experiments, performed on a variety of object classification architectures, show that it is competitive with existing methods and achieves state-of-the-art performance for levels of sparsity of 99.6 % and above for 2 out of 3 of the architectures tested. Moreover, we demonstrate that our method is compatible with quantization, another model compression technique. For reproducibility, we release our code at https://github.com/AndreiXYZ/flipout.
Comparison of polymerization stresses of dental resin composites evaluated by two indentation fracture methods
Authors: Hanabusa Masao , Kimura Saori , Sakaeda Nana , Okawa Kazuyoshi , Saito Wataru , Yamamoto Takatsugu
Published: November 2021

BACKGROUND: Polymerization stress is a major problem in dental resin composite restorations. Two indentation fracture methods can be applied to evaluate the stress, however, they often calculate different values. OBJECTIVE: To compare polymerization stresses of dental composites determined by the two methods. METHODS: Glass disks with a central hole were used. Two indentation fracture methods (Methods 1 and 2) were employed to determine the polymerization stresses of low-shrinkage and bulk-fill composites. Method 1: Cracks were made in the glass surface at 300 μm from the hole. The hole was filled with the composite. Polymerization stresses at 30 min after filling were calculated from the lengths of crack extension. Method 2: The hole was filled with the composite. Cracks were introduced in the glass at 1,000 μm from the hole at 30 min after the polymerization and the stresses were calculated from the crack lengths. Stresses at composite-glass bonded interface were calculated from the stress values obtained by the two methods. RESULTS: The bulk-fill composite generated the smallest interfacial stress, and Method 1 revealed lower values than Method 2. CONCLUSIONS: The composites yielded relatively small stresses. Method 1 calculated smaller stress values, possibly affected by the lower threshold stress intensity factor.
Chess without draws
Authors: Haworth Guy , Cazenave Tristan
Published: November 2021

The prevalence of draws in chess is an increasing concern: in the ICCF’s 2017 ‘MT van Oosteram’ Correspondence event, all 56 games were drawn. This article reports a ‘Mobility Chess’ proposal by ‘Aloril’ which addresses this problem. He prefers to retain his anonymity but should be regarded as the primary author of this paper. He has defined a logical sequence of increasingly subtle and decreasingly rewarded ‘winning’ goals G k . Each position in itself associates with both an immediate achievement A j of goal G j – and an ultimate, best-achievable goal G k , k ⩽ j. Therefore, Aloril has eliminated the draw in Mobility Chess and shown how Chess can reduce the incidence of draws as much as required.