bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication of planar halfmetallic ferromagnetic Josephson junctions with long range coupling
Authors: Yao Junxiang , Aarts Jan
Published: May 2024

Superconducting junctions with a ferromagnet as the weak link, where triplet correlations can transport supercurrents over a substantial distance, have been of long-standing interest. In this work, we study the triplet transport in planar La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) nanowire Josephson junctions with NbTi superconducting contacts. By meticulous ion etching with an artificial Pt hard mask, the NbTi/LSMO bilayer is structured to form an LSMO bridge without damaging its top layer. We observe superconducting (critical) currents of the order of 109 A/m2 in a junction with a length of 1.3 μm, and distinguishing superconducting quantum interference (SQI) patterns when sweeping a magnetic field perpendicular (B⊥) to the plane of the wire or parallel (B∥) to the plane and along the wire. The observed Gaussian-shaped SQI pattern is attributed to the diffusive transport of triplet pairs in the LSMO. Our work demonstrates that combinations of oxide magnets with conventional (s-wave) alloy superconductors can be a promising new route to realizing superconducting spintronics.
Effects of melatonin implants on reproductive performance in sheep: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Uzabacı Ender , Ustuner Hakan
Published: May 2024

Context Sheep are seasonal breeding animals. Different reproduction systems exist to enhance productivity in non-breeding season. One of the methods used in enhancing reproductive performance in sheep breeding is melatonin administration. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the impact of melatonin application on reproductive performance in sheep by meta-analysis according to different factors. Methods To find eligible studies, PubMed and Web of Science databases were searched. Twenty studies published between 1991 and 2021 were included in the meta-analysis. The effect sizes of pregnancy rate, lambing rate and litter size were calculated according to breeds, production characteristics (dairy-meat breeds) and season (breeding–non-breeding). The study estimated the risk ratio for pregnancy and lambing rates, and standardized mean difference for litter size as effect size. Key results The melatonin hormone increases the pregnancy rate by 1.07 times and the lambing rate by 1.36 times. The effect size (risk ratio) of the Rasa Aragonesa breed (1.15) for pregnancy rate and the Merino breed (1.65) for lambing rate was higher than the Sarda breed. Conclusions The positive effect of melatonin was found to be higher in the non-breeding season than in the breeding season for the three reproductive performance traits examined. Implications This study is a comprehensive research study examining the effect of melatonin application in sheep according to different factors.
Environmental impacts of Australian pork in 2020 and 2022 determined using lifecycle assessments
Authors: Copley M. A. , McGahan E. J. , McCormack K. , Wiedemann S. G.
Published: May 2024

Context The Australian pork industry is highly efficient, with a history of ongoing productivity and environmental improvement. The introduction of economy-wide environmental targets require delivering and tracking performance improvement. Aims This study determined carbon footprint (greenhouse gas [GHG] and land use [LU] and direct land use change [dLUC] emissions, reported as kg CO2-e), fossil energy (MJ), freshwater consumption (L), water stress (L H2O-e), land occupation (m2) and eutrophication potential (nitrogen and phosphorus) for Australian pork for 2020 and 2022. Variability between housing, manure management systems, and regions were identified, and systems analysed to determine new options for low-impact pork. Methods In the largest Australian study of its kind, data for ~70% of pigs produced were collected using a stratified design. Using attributional life cycle assessment, impacts were reported per kilogram of liveweight (LW), post-processed, retail, and boneless, fat-corrected pork. Results are presented as industry averages ± 2 × s.d. Key results Key results were 3.0 ± 0.1 and 3.0 ± 0.1 kg CO2-e GHG, 0.4 ± 0.07 and 0.3 ± 0.03 kg CO2-e LU and dLUC, 12.9 ± 0.5 and 13.4 ± 0.5 MJ, 93.8 ± 9.6 and 52.5 ± 3.6 L, 68.4 ± 6.7 and 43.2 ± 3.3 L H2O-e, and 12.0 ± 0.9 and 12.7 ± 0.9 m2/kg LW in 2020 and 2022, respectively. Due to industry growth, total emissions were higher in 2022. Eutrophication potential for Australian pork (2.2 × 10−4 ± 3.0 × 10−5 kg phosphorus and 8.7 × 10−3 ± 3.5 × 10−4 kg nitrogen/kg LW), reported for the first time, was low compared with grazing systems and European piggeries. Conclusions Industry has demonstrated long-term performance improvement, though the rate slowed between 2020 and 2022. Ongoing interventions are required to return to trend. Covered pond, deep litter, and outdoor systems produce lower carbon footprint pork and can provide other environmental benefits from renewable energy, and reduced fossil energy demand. Implications There is potential to further reduce environmental impacts through practice change. If industry is to meet formal targets, investment and proactive policy settings are required to overcome barriers to adoption of existing technology and support the techno-economic case for novel strategies.
Strengthening the role of innovation brokers in the livestock advisory services system of Pakistan
Authors: Warriach H. M. , Ayre M. , Nettle R. , Height K. , Iqbal H. , Aziz A. , Hayat K. , Afzal A. , Majeed S. , Kumbher A. , McGill D. M.
Published: May 2024

Context This article assesses development and implementation of a non-traditional training ‘whole-family extension approach’ (WFEA) that contributes to the innovation-brokering capacity of farm advisors within the current livestock advisory services system of Pakistan. Aims The primary objectives of the research were to explore how the WFEA training leads to improved capacity and knowledge of farm advisors and then examine these through the lens of innovation brokers and the difference they can make within the extension system, including (1) articulation of problems and possibilities, (2) network building and (3) supporting negotiation and learning in networks. Methods A qualitative investigation was conducted during four facilitated discussions and three field follow-up visits following project interventions to build the capacity of 50 farm advisors from across a network of 22 organisations that are part of the Pakistani’s livestock extension system. Data were collected by using the following two qualitative approaches: (1) facilitated discussions, during each of the four separate training workshops; and (2) field follow-up visits, where farm advisors were interviewed following a set of semi-structured questions. The data were analysed to assess the changes observed across the different farm advisors during the training interventions and subsequent mentoring provided by the project team. Key results Gaps in innovation-brokering capacity from WFEA were identified and include co-designing and more institutional support of various collaborating organisations, use of visioning tools, scenario analysis to predict possible future for the farm-advisor training and training of farm advisors on analytical skills to capture the household impacts; these should be incorporated in WFEA training. Conclusions A holistic extension training intervention approach (the WFEA) can positively influence the innovation-brokering capacity of farm advisors within the current livestock advisory services system of Pakistan. Implications This article has contributed to the literature on innovation-brokering roles in the livestock advisory systems by highlighting key additional functions of innovation-brokering in a developing-country context. Furthermore, examples from Pakistan can be used to show how farm advisors can develop skills in articulating problems and possibilities, network building and supporting negotiation and learning in networks.
Clocking out and letting go to unleash green biotech applications in a photosynthetic host
Authors: Xu Yao , Jabbur Maria Luísa , Mori Tetsuya , Young Jamey D. , Johnson Carl Hirschie
Published: May 2024

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria whose gene expression patterns are globally regulated by their circadian (daily) clocks. Due to their ability to use sunlight as their energy source, they are also attractive hosts for “green” production of pharmaceuticals, renewable fuels, and chemicals. However, despite the application of traditional genetic tools such as the identification of strong promoters to enhance the expression of heterologous genes, cyanobacteria have lagged behind other microorganisms such as
Escherichia coli
and yeast as economically efficient cell factories. The previous approaches have ignored large-scale constraints within cyanobacterial metabolic networks on transcription, predominantly the pervasive control of gene expression by the circadian (daily) clock. Here, we show that reprogramming gene expression by releasing circadian repressor elements in the transcriptional regulatory pathways coupled with inactivation of the central oscillating mechanism enables a dramatic enhancement of expression in cyanobacteria of heterologous genes encoding both catalytically active enzymes and polypeptides of biomedical significance.
Solvent constraints for biopolymer folding and evolution in extraterrestrial environments
Authors: Sánchez Ignacio E. , Galpern Ezequiel A. , Ferreiro Diego U.
Published: May 2024

We propose that spontaneous folding and molecular evolution of biopolymers are two universal aspects that must concur for life to happen. These aspects are fundamentally related to the chemical composition of biopolymers and crucially depend on the solvent in which they are embedded. We show that molecular information theory and energy landscape theory allow us to explore the limits that solvents impose on biopolymer existence. We consider 54 solvents, including water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, aromatic solvents, and low molecular weight substances made up of elements abundant in the universe, which may potentially take part in alternative biochemistries. We find that along with water, there are many solvents for which the liquid regime is compatible with biopolymer folding and evolution. We present a ranking of the solvents in terms of biopolymer compatibility. Many of these solvents have been found in molecular clouds or may be expected to occur in extrasolar planets.
Targeting the
Plasmodium falciparum
UCHL3 ubiquitin hydrolase using chemically constrained peptides
Authors: King Harry R. , Bycroft Mark , Nguyen Thanh-Binh , Kelly Geoff , Vinogradov Alexander A. , Rowling Pamela J. E. , Stott Katherine , Ascher David B. , Suga Hiroaki , Itzhaki Laura S. , Artavanis-Tsakonas Katerina
Published: May 2024

The ubiquitin–proteasome system is essential to all eukaryotes and has been shown to be critical to parasite survival as well, including
Plasmodium falciparum
, the causative agent of the deadliest form of malarial disease. Despite the central role of the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway to parasite viability across its entire life-cycle, specific inhibitors targeting the individual enzymes mediating ubiquitin attachment and removal do not currently exist. The ability to disrupt
P. falciparum
growth at multiple developmental stages is particularly attractive as this could potentially prevent both disease pathology, caused by asexually dividing parasites, as well as transmission which is mediated by sexually differentiated parasites. The deubiquitinating enzyme PfUCHL3 is an essential protein, transcribed across both human and mosquito developmental stages. PfUCHL3 is considered hard to drug by conventional methods given the high level of homology of its active site to human UCHL3 as well as to other UCH domain enzymes. Here, we apply the RaPID mRNA display technology and identify constrained peptides capable of binding to PfUCHL3 with nanomolar affinities. The two lead peptides were found to selectively inhibit the deubiquitinase activity of PfUCHL3 versus HsUCHL3. NMR spectroscopy revealed that the peptides do not act by binding to the active site but instead block binding of the ubiquitin substrate. We demonstrate that this approach can be used to target essential protein–protein interactions within the
Plasmodium
ubiquitin pathway, enabling the application of chemically constrained peptides as a novel class of antimalarial therapeutics.
Subtitling strategies of swear words in the stand-up comedy Mo Amer: Muhammad in Texas
Authors: Sawi Islam Al
Published: May 2024

Stand-up comedies often employ swear words as a technique to create audience rapport and playful discourse.
However, translators face significant challenges in subtitling swear words in these performances for conservative cultures, such
as Arabic. This research uses a qualitative and quantitative approach to analyze the Netflix special Mo Amer: Muhammad in
Texas to identify swear words, their Arabic subtitles, and the subtitling strategies used and their frequency,
utilizing Ljung’s (2011) swear words’ classification and Khoshsaligheh and Ameri’s (2014) subtitling framework. The results revealed that among the 174 identified
swear words, “fuck” and “shit” were the most frequently used, at 52% and 16% respectively. Translators employed euphemism,
deletion, and taboo to non-taboo strategies, with euphemism emerging as the most predominant at 44%. The strategy of subtitling
via taboo to taboo was not used when rendering swear words into Arabic, probably due to cultural considerations for the audience.
The findings enhance cross-cultural subtitling practices for stand-up comedy and promote inclusive and engaging experiences for
diverse audiences. Further implications are discussed.
Visual perception verbs in Old Anatolian Turkish
Authors: Erk Emeksiz Zeynep , Rentzsch Julian
Published: May 2024

This study aims at describing the verbs of the visual sensory domain in Old Anatolian Turkish (oat),
including basic and compound verb forms. We shall specifically focus on intra-field and trans-field meaning extensions of visual
perception verbs such as baḳ-, naẓar et-, gör-, and görin-/gözük-. Our findings are based on a
corpus consisting of 11 texts both in prose and poetry from the 13th to 15th centuries. There are mainly two types of verbs that
conceptualise mental and emotive states through visual perception: one pertains to idiomatic expressions with göz
‘eye’, such as göz-(ün) aç- (eye-poss.acc open), göz-den düş- (eye-abl fall),
and göz dut- (eye hold). The second form includes basic verbs including baḳ- (to look at),
gör- (to see), naẓar et- (to look at) and gör-in-/göz-ük- (to appear). We
shall show that visual perception constitutes a rich source for expressing emotive states, and the use of vision verbs for the
expression of emotions is as productive as it is for mental states. Similar to Sweetser’s body is mind metaphor, we
suggest that vision is emotion. The domain of visual perception in oat texts displays a strong connection to
intellection; however, there is no evidence in our data indicating that the verbs gör- and baḳ-
have meaning extension to ‘to know’. The phenomenon-based verbs görin- and gözük- have mainly
two meaning extensions: one is related to physical existence, as in ‘occur’ and ‘appear’ in English. When these verbs co-occur
with nouns and adjectives, they reflect the speakers’ judgements and beliefs by means of a metaphor.
“I never said that”
Authors: Elder Chi-Hé , Filipović Luna
Published: May 2024

Police interviewers in England and Wales engage in the practice of investigative interviewing that is based on
obtaining neutral, institutionally accepted account from suspects. This involves a process not only of eliciting information from
suspects, but also of managing the interview by choosing topics for questioning, seeking clarification and additional details, and
shaping the account to fulfil institutional requirements. Interviewers must therefore be sensitive to any unclear meanings from
the suspect and avoid potential misunderstandings in order to avoid misrepresentation of account. This study uses authentic police
interview data to exemplify the interactional process of meaning negotiation between police officers and suspects, examining how
multiple constraints of this very restrictive communication context can affect which meanings are put on record and resolved, and
which are ignored or left unresolved. The paper finishes by offering practical applicable insights about how interviewers can
avoid misunderstandings in the interview room.
Final report for CCT comparison of ITS-90 realisations above the silver point using two transfer radiation thermometers and a set of high temperature fixed-point blackbody cells
Authors: McEvoy Helen , Lowe Dave , Machin Graham , José Martin Maria , Anhalt Klaus , Hollandt Jӧrg , Sadli Mohamed , Bourson Frédéric , Yamada Yoshiro , Sasajima Naohiko , Lu Xiaofeng , Yoo Yongshim , Yoon Howard , Gibson Charles , Todd Andrew , Woods Donald
Published: May 2024

Main text

This report outlines the equipment, measurement method, results and uncertainties associated with the participant measurements for the Consultative Committee of Thermometry Key Comparison K10 (CCT-K10), "ITS-90 realisations above the silver point using two transfer radiation thermometers and a set of high temperature fixed-point blackbody cells", over the period from around summer 2014 to the final measurements made during January 2020. The report presents differences of the participant data from the KCRV values for both the radiation thermometer and HTFP measurements. Note: this interim report excludes the measurement data of VNIIM, Russia - see explanation at the end of Section 6.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCT, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Preliminary sensitivity study for a gravitational redshift measurement with China’s Lunar exploration project
Authors: Qin Cheng-Gang , Liu Tong , Dai Xiao-Yi , Guo Peng-Bin , Huang Weisheng , Liu Xiang-Pei , Tan Yu-Jie , Shao Cheng-Gang
Published: May 2024

General relativity (GR) is a highly successful theory that describes gravity as a geometric phenomenon. The gravitational redshift, a classic test of GR, can potentially be violated in alternative gravity theories, and experimental tests on this effect are crucial for our understanding of gravity. In this paper, considering the space-ground clock comparisons with free-space links, we discuss a high-precision Doppler cancellation-based measurement model for testing gravitational redshift. This model can effectively reduce various sources of error and noise, reducing the influences of the first-order Doppler effect, atmospheric delay, Shapiro delay, etc. China’s Lunar Exploration Project (CLEP) is proposed to equip the deep-space H maser with a daily stability of

2
×

10

−
15

, which provides an approach for testing gravitational redshift. Based on the simulation, we analyze the space-ground clock comparison experiments of the CLEP experiment, and simulation analysis demonstrates that under ideal condition of high-precision measurement of the onboard H-maser frequency offset and drift, the CLEP experiment may reach the uncertainty of

3.7
×

10

−
6

after a measurement session of 60 days. Our results demonstrate that if the issue of frequency offset and drift is solved, CLEP missions have a potential of testing the gravitational redshift with high accuracy.
Repulsive gravity in regular black holes
Authors: Luongo Orlando , Quevedo Hernando
Published: May 2024

We evaluate the effects of repulsive gravity using first order geometric invariants, i.e. the Ricci scalar and the eigenvalues of the Riemann curvature tensor, for three regular black holes, namely the Bardeen, Hayward, and Dymnikova spacetimes. To examine the repulsive effects, we calculate their respective onsets and regions of repulsive gravity. Afterwards, we compare the repulsive regions obtained from these metrics among themselves and then with the predictions got from the Reissner–Nordström and Schwarzschild–de Sitter. A notable characteristic, observed in all these metrics, is that the repulsive regions appear to be unaffected by the mass that generates the regular black hole. This property emerges due to the invariants employed in our analysis, which do not change sign through linear combinations of the mass and the free coefficients of the metrics. As a result, gravity can change sign independently of the specific values acquired by the mass. This conclusion suggests a potential incompleteness of regular solutions, particularly in terms of their repulsive effects. To further highlight this finding, we numerically compute, for the Reissner–Nordström and Schwarzschild–de Sitter solutions, the values of mass, M, that emulate the repulsive effects found in the Bardeen and Hayward spacetimes. These selected values of M provide evidence that regular black holes do not incorporate repulsive effects by means of the masses used to generate the solutions themselves. Implications and physical consequences of these results are then discussed in detail.
Metrological assessment of the carbon tubes behavior under thermal variation for the compensation of 3D devices
Authors: El Asmai Salma , Coorevits Thierry , Provost-Mattmann Salomé , Brault Romain , Hennebelle François
Published: May 2024

Composite materials are increasingly used in 3D metrology, especially for portable measuring devices such as articulated arm coordinate measuring machines (AACMM), 3D scanners, and ball bars. Their use is justified by their interesting mechanical properties including their low density, good rigidity, and especially their light weight, which makes them ideal for portable devices, that are meant to be often transported by the user. However, due to their complex composition, the characterization of the thermal behavior of composite materials remains complicated compared to standard materials and is nowadays an active research subject. In fact, the coefficient of thermal expansion of composite materials is dependent of the very specific composition of the composite material considered. Hence, it is function of several parameters such as the orientation of the fibers, the fiber volume fraction, the ply sequence, the cooling rate, etc. In the other hand, in 3D metrology, and especially in portable 3D metrology, determining the expansion coefficient of the different part of the measurement devices used is necessary. In fact, the portable measurement machines are often integrated and used directly on the shop floor, where the thermal variations can be important and then heavily impact the measurements results. In some cases, the lack of knowledge of the coefficient of thermal expansion of the composite materials that compose the portable measuring machine can significantly increase the measurement uncertainty.
A hierarchical adaptive selection neural network for dynamic impact localization of wind turbine blades
Authors: Luan Yingxin , Wang Jiangpeng , Huang Qing , Li Teng
Published: May 2024

This paper focuses on the localization problem of dynamic impacts that can lead to significant damages on wind turbine blades (WTBs). Localization of dynamic impacts on WTBs is essential for wind turbines due to their vulnerability to dynamic impacts such as birds, stones, hails. The proposed deep learning methodology contributes to accurately locate the impacted blade and specific position using the measurements from a limited number of sensors. In particular, a novel hierarchical adaptive selection neural network is proposed, which integrates a classification subnetwork and a regression subnetwork. Specifically, an adaptive blade selection mechanism is designed to determine the impacted blade for classification while an adaptive window selection mechanism is developed to highlight the representative time period for regression. By deploying a limited number of sensors to acquire measured vibration data, the proposed method can accurately identify the collision locations of transient impacts loaded on WTBs. In both simulated and real-world experiments, the proposed method achieves the mean absolute error of 0.189 centimeter and 1.088 centimeter for impact localization. The experimental results demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed model in comparison with the existing methods for localizing impulsive loads on WTBs.
Novel binary regulated silicon-carbon materials as high-performance anodes for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: He Xinran , Xiang Xiaolin , Pan Piao , Li Peidong , Cui Yuehua
Published: May 2024

The massive volume dilation, unsteady solid electrolyte interphase, and weak conductivity about Si have failed to bring it to practical applications, although its potential capacity is up to 4200 mAh g−1. For solving these problems, novel binary regulated silicon–carbon materials (Si/BPC) were done by a sol–gel procedure combined with single carbonization. Analytical techniques were systematically utilized to examine the effects of element doping at several gradients on morphology, structure and electrochemical properties of composites, thus the optimal content was identified. Si/BPC preserves a discharge specific capacity of 1021.6 mAh g−1 with a coulomb efficiency of 99.27% after 180 cycles at 1000 mA g−1, within the upgrade than single-doped and undoped. In rate test, it has a specific capacity of 1003.2 mAh g−1 at a high current density of 5000 mA g−1, quickly back towards 2838.6 mAh g−1 at 200 mA g−1. The inclusion of B and P elements is linked to the electrochemical characteristics. In the co-doped carbon layers, the synergistic impact of doping B and P accelerates the diffusion kinetics of lithium ions, boosts diffusion rate of Li+, offers low electrochemical impedance (45.75 Ω). This brings more defects to provide transport carriers and induces a substantial amount of electrochemically active sites, which fosters the storage of Li+, thus making silicon material electrochemically more active and potential.
On nonlinear effects in multiphase WKB analysis for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation
*
Authors: Carles Rémi
Published: May 2024

We consider the Schrödinger equation with an external potential and a cubic nonlinearity, in the semiclassical limit. The initial data are sums of WKB states, with smooth phases and smooth, compactly supported initial amplitudes, with disjoint supports. We show that like in the linear case, a superposition principle holds on some time interval independent of the semiclassical parameter, in several régimes in term of the size of initial data with respect to the semiclassical parameter. When nonlinear effects are strong in terms of the semiclassical parameter, we invoke properties of compressible Euler equations. For weaker nonlinear effects, we show that there may be no nonlinear interferences on some time interval independent of the semiclassical parameter, and interferences for later time, thanks to explicit computations available for particular phases.
Study on the plume self-neutralization of ionic liquid electrospray thruster based on median potential
Authors: Du Zening , Wu Zhiwen , Li Jin , Sun Wei , Li Pengkun , Guo Yuntao
Published: May 2024

Ionic liquid electrospray thruster (ILET) has the advantages of high specific impulse, precise thrust control, and low structural mass, which make it ideal for small satellites. The charged particles of ILET’s plume may lead to device charging or even damage, restricting its engineering applications. Thus, this paper examines the self-neutralization effectiveness of the ILET’s plume under various emission conditions using particle-in-cell simulations. In order to accurately evaluate the self-neutralization effectiveness of the ILET’s plume, the median potential is explained in this paper and its reasonableness as the evaluation criterion for self-neutralization of the plume is verified. The working envelope for achieving self-neutralization of the ILET’s plume is determined by simulating the bipolar plume under various emission conditions. The results indicate that when the highest and lowest potentials are the same, the average electric field strength between two points in space with a better degree of neutrality is 200% higher compared to points with a lesser degree of neutrality. The study determines the working envelope to realize self-neutralization of the ILET’s plume with an effectiveness of 70%. When the emission voltage of the anode thruster is fixed, the range of the cathode thruster’s voltage ranges from 108.36 to 228.74 V. The asymmetry between the anode and cathode emissions of the ILET prototype significantly influences the operational range of the cathode thruster. Greater asymmetry leads to a narrower operating range for the ILET to achieve self-neutralization of the plume. This study serves as a guide for the ILET to achieve self-neutralization of the plume.
Design considerations for a long-wavelength InAsSb detector diode
Authors: Svensson Stefan P , Beck William A , Donetsky Dmitri , Kipshidze Gela , Belenky Gregory
Published: May 2024

InAsSb can absorb light across the entire long wavelength range (8–12 μm) and shares many of the other relevant basic materials properties of HgCdTe, the current incumbent detector technology for this band. We discuss here the device architectures in relation to the crystal growth technical aspects using molecular beam epitaxy and propose a simplified design consisting of an InAsSb absorber with a graded wider bandgap top layer of lattice matched AlInAsSb that exhibits a spontaneously formed p–n-junction. The 77 K device performance is predicted with a numerical model that indicates that quantum efficiencies of at least 75% should be achievable.
Thermal management and switching performance of β-Ga2O3 vertical FinFET with diamond-gate structure
Authors: Li Yehong , Zheng Xuefeng , Zhang Fang , He Yunlong , Yuan Zijian , Wang Xinyang , Wang Yingzhe , Ma Xiaohua , Hao Yue
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a beta-phase gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) vertical FinFET with diamond-gate has been studied by Silvaco-ATLAS simulation. The diamond-gate structure achieves adjustable pin (p-insulator-n) junction owing to the diamond-SiO2-Ga2O3 heterostructure. This design also enhances heat dissipation by virtue of the high thermal conductivity of the diamond. Compared to conventional FinFETs, the diamond-gate FinFET (DG-FinFET) reduces the static operating temperature rise by around 17.30%. Additionally, due to its greater heat dissipation capacity, DG-FinFETs provide a 5.84% increase in current density at 1 kA cm−2 current density level. The structural changes in the diamond-gate also result in a significant reduction in the gate-source capacitance (C
GS). At 1 MHz operating frequency and the same gate voltage, DG-FinFETs have 69.29% less gate-source charge (Q
GS), 70.80% less charge/discharge delay time, 73.70% less switching loss, and 57.15% less conduction loss. Overall, the simulation and analysis presented in this work indicate a promising advancement of the DG-FinFET structure in high-power and rapid switching applications.
Long-range pairing in monolayer NbSe2 facilitates the emergence of topological superconducting states
Authors: Li Y Z , Gao Q , Li Y R , Zhong J X , Meng L J
Published: May 2024

The paper systematically study topological superconducting (TSC) phases in monolayer NbSe2 by constructing the hybrid paring tight-binding model of mixing on-site s-wave pairing (ps
) and long-range pairing (p
A1) for the first time. We observe rich phases with both fixed and sensitive Chern numbers (CNs) depending on the chemical potential (μ) and out-of-plane magnetic field (Vz
). As p
A1 increases, the TSC phase manifests matching and mismatching features according to whether the CNs match with the number of topological edge states (TESs). Strikingly, the introduction of long-range pairing significantly reduces the critical Vz
to form TSC phases compared with the pure on-site s-wave paring. Moreover, the TSC phases can be modulated even at Vz
= 0 under appropriate μ and p
A1, which is identified by the robust TESs of ribbons. Additionally, the long-range pairing influences the hybridization of bulk and edge states, resulting in a matching/mismatching bulk-boundary correspondence with localized/oscillating TESs on the ribbons. Our findings are helpful for realizing TSC states through compressive strain experimentally to strengthen long-range pairings, as well as designing and regulating TSC materials.
Topological nano-switches in higher-order topological insulators
Authors: Poata Joseph , Taddei Fabio , Michele Governale
Published: May 2024

We consider multi-terminal transport through a flake of rectangular shape of a two-dimensional topological insulator in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. This system has been shown to be a second-order topological insulator, thus exhibiting corner states at its boundaries. The position of the corner states and their decay length can be controlled by the direction of the magnetic field. In the leads we assume that the magnetic field is absent and therefore we have helical one-dimensional propagating states characteristic of the spin-Hall effect. Using a low-energy effective Hamiltonian we show analytically that, in a two-terminal setup, transport can be turned on and off by a rotation of the in-plane magnetic field. Similarly, in a three terminal configuration, the in-plane magnetic field can be used to turn on and off the transmission between neighbouring contacts, thus realising a directional switch. Analytical calculations are supplemented by a numerical finite-difference method. For small values of the Fermi energy and field strength, the analytical results agree exceptionally well with the numerics. The effect of disorder is also addressed in the numerical approach. We find that the switching functionality is remarkably robust to the presence of strong disorder stemming from the topological nature of the states contributing to the electron transport.
Elastic scattering cross sections and transport of tin ions in extreme ultraviolet lithography sources
Authors: Bartlett Nathan , Herschberg Andrew , Crouse Jameson , Dallal Tamar , Nuttal Jake , Stahl Jack , Braaksma Niels , Ruzic David
Published: May 2024

Energetic tin ions are created by laser produced plasmas in extreme-ultraviolet lithography sources where hydrogen must be used as a buffer gas to protect critical optical components. In this study, the quantum chemistry code NWChem is used to calculate the interatomic potential between singly ionized tin and molecular hydrogen. The interatomic potential was fit by an inverse-power potential, a modified universal ZBL potential, and a two-piece-Lennard-Jones potential which were in turn used to calculate the classical distance of closest approach, scattering angle, total elastic scattering cross sections. Furthermore, the universal Ziegler-Biersack-Littmark (ZBL) potential was used in the open-source binary collision approximation codes RustBCA as well as Stopping Range in Matter and Transport of Ion in Matter (SRIM/TRIM) to calculate ion ranges, straggling, and stopping cross sections in a hydrogen gas target.
Dynamics of rapidly rotating Bose–Einstein quantum droplets
Authors: Cheng Szu-Cheng , Wang Yu-Wen , Kuan Wen-Hsuan
Published: May 2024

This study presents a detailed analysis of the stationary properties and dynamics of an anharmonically trapped, rapidly rotating Bose–Einstein liquid droplet. We investigate the effects of the particle number, confining potential, and rotation speed on the formation of the energetically favored bead, multiple quantized vortex, off-center vortex, and center-of-mass states. The multi-periodic trajectories and breathing provide evidence of the collective excitations of the surface mode in the vortex states. Observation of the self-trapping phenomenon and tendency toward the lowest Landau level in rapid rotation regimes coincides well with the quantum-Hall limit. Modifying the topological charges and destroying the potential flow of the vortex state can occur if an external disturbance is imposed upon the quantum droplet.
Weak-scale Higgs inflation
Authors: Yin Wen
Published: May 2024

The present measurement of the Standard Model (SM) parameters suggests that the Higgs effective potential has a maximum at the Higgs field value of approximately 1011GeV, and the electroweak (EW) vacuum is not absolutely stable. To achieve absolute EW stability, a very large Higgs-Ricci scalar non-minimal coupling can be introduced.
I study cosmic inflation driven by the Higgs field in this extension of the SM and refer to it as “weak-scale Higgs inflation” because the resulting inflationary Hubble parameter is around the weak scale. The Palatini formulation of gravity with a dimension 6 term is shown to drive successful inflation. I also argue for the UV (in)sensitivity of the predictions, and phenomenological implications. In the metric formulation case, the scenario for stable EW vacuum may be probed by measuring the Higgs coupling in future colliders.
Fluctuation-dissipation relation in cosmic microwave background
Authors: Ota Atsuhisa
Published: May 2024

We study the fluctuation-dissipation relation for sound waves in the cosmic microwave background (CMB), employing effective field theory (EFT) for fluctuating hydrodynamics.
Treating sound waves as the linear response to thermal radiation, we establish the fluctuation-dissipation relation within a cosmological framework.
While dissipation is elucidated in established linear cosmological perturbation theory, the standard Boltzmann theory overlooks the associated noise, possibly contributing to inconsistencies in Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) cosmology. This paper employs EFT for fluctuating hydrodynamics in cosmological perturbation theory, deriving sound wave noise.
Notably, the long-time limit of the noise spectrum is independent of viscosity details, resembling a Brownian motion bounded in a harmonic potential.
The net energy transfer between the sound wave system and the radiation environment reaches a balance within Hubble time, suggesting the thermal equilibrium of the sound waves themselves.
The induced density power spectrum is characterized as white noise dependent on the inverse of the entropy density, which is negligibly small on the CMB scale. The energy density of the entire sound wave system scales as a
-4, akin to radiation. While the numerical factor is not determined in the present calculation, the back reaction of the sound wave system to the background radiation may not be negligible, serving as a potential source for various fitting issues in ΛCDM cosmology.
EFTofLSS meets simulation-based inference: σ
8 from biased tracers
Authors: Tucci Beatriz , Schmidt Fabian
Published: May 2024

Cosmological inferences typically rely on explicit expressions for the likelihood and covariance of the data vector, which normally consists of a set of summary statistics. However, in the case of nonlinear large-scale structure, exact expressions for either likelihood or covariance are unknown, and even approximate expressions can become very cumbersome, depending on the scales and summary statistics considered. Simulation-based inference (SBI), in contrast, does not require an explicit form for the likelihood but only a prior and a simulator, thereby naturally circumventing these issues. In this paper, we explore how this technique can be used to infer σ
8 from a Lagrangian effective field theory (EFT) based forward model for biased tracers. The power spectrum and bispectrum are used as summary statistics to obtain the posterior of the cosmological, bias and noise parameters via neural density estimation. We compare full simulation-based inference with cases where the data vector is drawn from a Gaussian likelihood with sample and analytical covariances. We conclude that, for k
max = 0.1hMpc-1 and 0.2hMpc-1, the form of the covariance is more important than the non-Gaussianity of the likelihood, although this conclusion is expected to depend on the cosmological parameter inferred, the summary statistics considered and range of scales probed.
Hunting WIMPs with LISA: correlating dark matter and gravitational wave signals
Authors: Bringmann Torsten , Gonzalo Tomás E. , Kahlhoefer Felix , Matuszak Jonas , Tasillo Carlo
Published: May 2024

The thermal freeze-out mechanism in its classical form is tightly connected to physics
beyond the Standard Model around the electroweak scale, which has been the target of enormous
experimental efforts. In this work we study a dark matter model in which freeze-out is triggered
by a strong first-order phase transition in a dark sector, and show that this phase transition
must also happen close to the electroweak scale, i.e. in the temperature range relevant for
gravitational wave searches with the LISA mission. Specifically, we consider the spontaneous
breaking of a U(1)′ gauge symmetry through the vacuum expectation value of a scalar field,
which generates the mass of a fermionic dark matter candidate that subsequently annihilates into
dark Higgs and gauge bosons. In this set-up the peak frequency of the gravitational wave
background is tightly correlated with the dark matter relic abundance, and imposing the observed
value for the latter implies that the former must lie in the milli-Hertz range. A peculiar feature
of our set-up is that the dark sector is not necessarily in thermal equilibrium with the Standard
Model during the phase transition, and hence the temperatures of the two sectors evolve
independently. Nevertheless, the requirement that the universe does not enter an extended period
of matter domination after the phase transition, which would strongly dilute any gravitational
wave signal, places a lower bound on the portal coupling that governs the entropy transfer between
the two sectors. As a result, the predictions for the peak frequency of gravitational waves in the
LISA band are robust, while the amplitude can change depending on the initial dark sector
temperature.
Gamma-ray spectra of the Crab, Vela and Geminga pulsars fitted with SED of the emission from their current sheet
Authors: Ardavan Houshang
Published: May 2024

We show that the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the tightly focused radiation
generated by the superluminally moving current sheet in the magnetosphere of a non-aligned neutron
star fits the gamma-ray spectra of the Crab, Vela and Geminga pulsars over the entire range of
photon energies so far detected by Fermi-LAT, MAGIC and HESS from them: over 102 MeV to 20
TeV. While emblematic of any emission that entails caustics, the SED introduced here radically
differs from those of the disparate emission mechanisms currently invoked in the literature to fit
the data in different sections of these spectra. We specify, moreover, the connection between the
values of the fit parameters for the analysed spectra and the physical characteristics of the
central neutron stars of the Crab, Vela and Geminga pulsars and their magnetospheres.
Calibration requirement for Epoch of Reionization 21-cm signal observation. Part III. Bias and variance in uGMRT ELAIS-N1 field power spectrum
Authors: Gayen Saikat , Sagar Rashmi , Mangla Sarvesh , Dutta Prasun , Roy Nirupam , Chakraborty Arnab , Kumar Jais , Datta Abhirup , Choudhuri Samir
Published: May 2024

Power spectrum of H i 21-cm radiation is one of the promising probes to study
large scale structure of the universe and understand galaxy formation and evolution. The presence
of foregrounds, that are orders of magnitude larger in the same frequency range of the redshifted
21-cm signal has been one of the largest observational challenges. The foreground contamination
also hinders the calibration procedures and introduces residual calibration errors in the
interferometric data. It has been shown that the calibration errors can introduce bias in the
21-cm power spectrum estimates and introduce additional systematics. In this work, we assess the
efficacy of 21-cm power spectrum estimation for the uGMRT Band-3 observations of the ELAIS-N1
field. We first evaluate the statistics of the residual gain errors and perform additional
flagging based on these statistics. We then use an analytical method to estimate the bias and
variance in the power spectrum. We found that (a) the additional flagging based on calibration
accuracy help reduce the bias and systematics in the power spectrum, (b) the majority of the
systematics at the lower angular scales, ℓ< 6000, are due to the residual gain errors, (c)
for the uGMRT baseline configuration and system parameters, the standard deviation is always
higher than the bias in the power spectrum estimates. Based on our analysis we observe that for an
angular multipole of ℓ∼3000, 2000 hours of `on source time' is required with the uGMRT
to detect redshifted 21-cm signal at 3-σ significance from a redshift of 2.55. In this
work we only consider the power spectrum measurement in the plane of the sky, an assessment of
residual gain statistics and its effect on multifrequency angular power spectrum estimation for
the uGMRT and the SKA like telescopes will be presented in a companion paper.
Discrete Boltzmann model with split collision for nonequilibrium reactive flows*
Authors: Lin Chuandong , Luo Kai H , Lai Huilin
Published: May 2024

A multi-relaxation-time discrete Boltzmann model (DBM) with split collision is proposed for both subsonic and supersonic compressible reacting flows, where chemical reactions take place among various components. The physical model is based on a unified set of discrete Boltzmann equations that describes the evolution of each chemical species with adjustable acceleration, specific heat ratio, and Prandtl number. On the right-hand side of discrete Boltzmann equations, the collision, force, and reaction terms denote the change rates of distribution functions due to self- and cross-collisions, external forces, and chemical reactions, respectively. The source terms can be calculated in three ways, among which the matrix inversion method possesses the highest physical accuracy and computational efficiency. Through Chapman–Enskog analysis, it is proved that the DBM is consistent with the reactive Navier–Stokes equations, Fick's law and the Stefan–Maxwell diffusion equation in the hydrodynamic limit. Compared with the one-step-relaxation model, the split collision model offers a detailed and precise description of hydrodynamic, thermodynamic, and chemical nonequilibrium effects. Finally, the model is validated by six benchmarks, including multicomponent diffusion, mixture in the force field, Kelvin–Helmholtz instability, flame at constant pressure, opposing chemical reaction, and steady detonation.
Slowly rotating charges from Weyl double copy for Kerr black hole with Chern–Simons correction
Authors: Liu Yi-Ran , Zhang Jing-Rui , Zhang Yun-Long
Published: May 2024

The Weyl double copy builds the relation between gauge theory and gravity theory, in particular the correspondence between gauge solutions and gravity solutions. In this paper, we obtain the slowly rotating charge solutions from the Weyl double copy for the Kerr black hole with small Chern–Simons correction. Based on the Weyl double copy relation, for the Petrov type D solution in Chern–Simons modified gravity, we find the additional correction to the electromagnetic field strength tensor of the rotating charge. For the Petrov type I solution, we find that the additional electromagnetic field strength tensors have external sources, while the total sources vanish at the leading order.