bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yinchenhao Decoction mitigates intestinal impairment induced by high carbohydrate diet in largemouth bass: insights from inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, tight junctions, and microbiota homeostasis
Authors: Liang Ji , Zhao Liulan , Cheng Liangshun , Kuang Xu , Hu Yifan , Liu Qiao , Zhang Xin , Wang Hong , Zhu Enpei , Tahir Rabia , Yang Song
Published: August 2023

As a major source of energy, carbohydrates have a protein sparing effect. However, excessive consumption of carbohydrates can harm the intestinal barriers of fish, particularly carnivorous fish. The traditional Chinese medicine component, Yinchenhao Decoction (YD), may improve intestinal barriers and microbial community equilibrium in both animals and humans. In the current investigation, a series of NC and HC with graded YD experiments were undertaken, and the results suggest that 2% and 4% YD treatments significantly reduced gut inflammation and mucosal loss caused by HC. Compared to NC, HC significantly decreased the relative expression of intestinal tight junction-related genes (ZO1, claudin1, claudin7, and occludin). However, with the application of YD, the expression of tight junction-related genes (ZO1, claudin1, and claudin7) increased significantly (p < 0.05). Stepwise, administration of YD significantly reduced elevated plasma diamine oxidase (DAO) activity caused by HC (p < 0.05). Additionally, YD significantly downregulated the mRNA expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes (GRP78, ATF6, CHOPα, IRE1, XBP1, and Eif2α) and pro-apoptosis genes (caspase3, caspase8, and bax) (p < 0.05), while upregulating the anti-apoptosis gene bcl2 (p < 0.05). Moreover, YD significantly increased the mRNA expression of antioxidant genes CAT and the enzyme activities of CAT and GPX, while decreasing keap1 and MDA concentration significantly (p < 0.05). Additionally, YD markedly decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory genes (IL1β, TNFα, IL8, and NF-κB) and the immune enzyme activity (ACP and AKP) (p < 0.05). By upregulating the expression of anti-inflammatory genes (IKB and IL10). I Notably, YD modulated the largemouth bass intestinal microbial community, enhancing the diversity and increasing the abundance of probiotic microorganisms in the intestinal microbiota. The study's results demonstrate that YD supplementation in a high-carbohydrate (HC) diet reduced inflammation, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and tight-junction injury in the intestines. Furthermore, it helped maintain gut microbiota homeostasis, suggesting that YD could be a valuable functional addition in aquaculture practices.
Factors Associated with Surgical Outcomes of Intermittent Exotropia in Children
Authors: Yang Seungahn , Choi Heeyoung , Kim Su-Jin , Lee Ji-Eun
Published: August 2023

Purpose
To evaluate factors associated with surgical outcomes of children with intermittent exotropia (IXT).
Methods
A retrospective study was performed for 125 patients who had undergone intermittent exotropia surgery with at least one year of follow up. Surgical outcomes were grouped as success (esophoria/tropia ≤ 5 prism diopers (PD) to exophoria/tropia ≤ 10 PD), failure (esophoria/tropia > 5PD or exophoria/tropia > 10PD) according to the angle of deviation at postoperative one year. We investigated subjects’ clinical and demographic factors including magnitude of exo-deviation, stereoacuity at near and distance, and response to patching at 3 months after patching. Factors associated with surgical outcomes were then determined through univariate and multivariate analyses.
Results
Of a total of 125 patients, 102 (81.6%) were assigned to the success group and 23 (18.4%) to the failure group. Univariate analysis revealed that absence of anisometropia, smaller preoperative near exodeviation, better stereopsis at near, magnitude of deviation at postoperative day 1, and good response to preoperative patching were significantly associated with surgical success for IXT at postoperative one year. In multivariate analysis, distant esotropic magnitude of deviation at postoperative day 1 was the only factor affecting successful surgical outcome.
Conclusions
Preoperative patching and small distant esotropia at postoperative day 1 are prognostic factors that could be altered in an effort to provide a successful surgical outcome.
Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acid Diet on Prostate Cancer Progression and Cholesterol Efflux in Tumor Associated Macrophages – Dependence on GPR120
Authors: Aronson William , Liang Pei , Henning Susanne , Grogan Tristan , Elashoff David , Said Jonathan W , Cohen Pinchas
Published: August 2023

Background
Preclinical and clinical translational research supports the role of an ω-3 fatty acid diet for prostate cancer prevention and treatment. The anti-prostate cancer effects of an ω-3 diet require a functional host g-protein coupled receptor (GPR120) but the underlying effects on the immune system in the tumor microenvironment are yet to be elucidated.
Methods
FVB mice received bone marrow from green fluorescent protein (GFP) labeled GPR120 wild-type (WT) or knockout (KO) mice followed by MycCap allograft implantation. Mice were fed an ω-3 diet compared to an ω-6 diet. Tumor associated immune cells were characterized by flow cytometry. Transgenic FVB hi-Myc mice were fed an ω-3 compared to an ω-6 diet for 6 months followed by pathology analysis of prostate lobes.
Results
Through the use of a bone marrow transplantation model, we found that an ω-3 as compared to an ω-6 diet inhibited MycCaP allograft tumor growth in mice receiving GPR120 WT but not GPR120 KO bone marrow. In the ω-3 group, GPR120 WT BMD M2-like macrophages infiltrating the tumor were significantly reduced in number and gene expression of cholesterol transporters Abca1, Abca6, and Abcg1. In addition, feeding an ω-3 as compared to an ω-6 diet slowed the progression to adenocarcinoma in a transgenic hi-Myc prostate cancer mouse model with functional GPR120. M2 macrophages play a critically important role in prostate cancer progression. Herein we report that RAW264.7 cells and BMD macrophages exposed to MycCaP cell conditioned media had increased gene expression of cholesterol transporters, depleted cholesterol levels, and were converted to the M2 phenotype. These effects were inhibited by ω-3 fatty acids through the GPR120 receptor.
Conclusion
Our preclinical findings provide rationale for clinical trials evaluating ω-3 fatty acids as a potential therapy for prostate cancer through inhibition of GPR120 functional M2 macrophages.
Regulation of β-cell death by ADP-ribosylhydrolase ARH3 via lipid signaling in insulitis
Authors: Sarkar Soumyadeep , Deiter Cailin , Kyle Jennifer E. , Guney Michelle A. , Sarbaugh Dylan , Yin Ruichuan , Li Xiangtang , Cui Yi , Ramos-Rodriguez Mireia , Nicora Carrie D. , Syed Farooq , Juan-Mateu Jonas , Muralidharan Charanya , Pasquali Lorenzo , Evans-Molina Carmella , Eizirik Decio L. , Webb-Robertson Bobbie-Jo M. , Burnum-Johnson Kristin , Orr Galya , Laskin Julia , Metz Thomas O. , Mirmira Raghavendra G. , Sussel Lori , Ansong Charles , Nakayasu Ernesto
Published: August 2023

Background.
Lipids have been implicated as regulators of insulitis and β-cell death in type 1 diabetes development, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we investigated how the islet lipid composition and downstream signaling regulate β-cell death.
Methods.
We performed lipidomics using three models of insulitis: human islets and EndoC-βH1 β cells treated with the pro-inflammatory cytokines interlukine-1β and interferon-γ, and islets from pre-diabetic non-obese mice. We also performed mass spectrometry and fluorescence imaging to determine the localization of lipids and enzyme in islets. RNAi, apoptotic assay and qPCR were performed to determine the role of a specific factor in lipid-mediated cytokine signaling.
Results.
Across all three models, lipidomic analyses showed a consistent increase of lysophosphatidylcholine species and phosphatidylcholines with polyunsaturated fatty acids and a reduction of triacylglycerol species. Imaging assays showed that phosphatidylcholine with polyunsaturated fatty acids and converting enzyme phospholipase PLA2G6 are enriched in islets. In downstream signaling, omega-3 fatty acids reduce cytokine-induced β-cell death by improving the expression of adenosine diphosphate ribosylhydrolase ARH3. The mechanism involves omega-3 fatty acid-induced degradation of the histone methylation polycomb complex PRC2 component Suz12, releasing the expression of Arh3, which in turn reduces cell apoptosis.
Conclusions.
Our data provide insights into the change of lipidomics landscape in β cells during insulitis and identify a protective mechanism by omega-3 fatty acids.
Thrombolytic therapy based on lyophilized platelet-derived nanocarriers for ischemic stroke
Authors: Migliavacca Martina , Correa-Paz Clara , Pérez-Mato María , Bielawski Patrick-Brian , Zhang Issan , Hervella Pablo , Rubio Marina , Maysinger Dusica , Vivien Denis , Pino Pablo del , Pelaz Beatriz , Polo Ester , Campos Francisco
Published: August 2023

Background: Intravenous administration of fibrinolytic drugs, such as recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is the standard treatment of acute thrombotic diseases. However, current fibrinolytics exhibit limited clinical efficacy because of their short plasma half-lives and risk of hemorrhagic transformations. Platelet membrane-based nanocarriers have received increasing attention for ischemic stroke therapies, as they have natural thrombus-targeting activity, can prolong half-life of the fibrinolytic therapy, and reduce side effects. In this study, we have gone further in developing platelet-derived nanocarriers (defined as cellsomes) to encapsulate and protect rtPA from degradation. Following lyophilization and characterization, their formulation properties, biocompatibility, therapeutic effect, and risk of hemorrhages were later investigated in a thromboembolic model of stroke in mice.
Results: Cellsomes of 200 nm size and loaded with rtPA were generated from membrane fragments of human platelets. The lyophilization process did not influence the nanocarrier size distribution, morphology, and colloidal stability conferring particle preservation and long-term storage. Encapsulated rtPA in cellsomes showed to be as effective as free rtPA at equal concentration without increasing the risk of hemorrhagic transformations or altering the immune response.
Conclusions: This study provides evidence for the safe and effective use of lyophilized biomimetic platelet-derived nanomedicine for precise thrombolytic treatment of acute ischemic stroke. We have successfully addressed one of the main barriers to drug application and commercialization, the long-term storage of nanomedicines, overcoming the potential chemical and physical instabilities of nanomedicines when stored in an aqueous buffer.
Prediction of five-year survival of patients with esophageal cancer and the effect of biomarkers on predictive performance using Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Lukomski Leandra , Pisula Juan , Wirsik Naita , Damanakis Alexander , Jung Jin-On , Knipper Karl , Datta Rabi , Schröder Wolfgang , Gebauer Florian , Schmidt Thomas , Quaas Alexander , Bozek Katarzyna , Bruns Christiane , Popp Felix
Published: August 2023

AIM
We use Artificial Intelligence (AI) to predict the long-term survival of patients with resectable esophageal cancer (EC). We test whether AI can predict survival with all available data, with data at the time of primary staging (PS) and if biomarker analysis is equivalent to the Tumor, Node, Metastasis (TNM) classification in survival predictions.
METHODS
This retrospective study included 1002 patients with EC, 55 patient characteristics, and 55 biomarkers after surgical treatment between 1996 and 2021. The dataset was divided into short-term survival (overall survival, OS: > 90 days but < 5 years + recorded death) and long-term survival (OS: ≥ 5 years). AI methods (Random Forest RF, XG Boost XG, Artificial neural network ANN, TabNet TN) and logistic regression (LR) were used for predictions on an independent hold-out set. Models were further trained only with data available at PS combined with all biomarkers from tissue microarrays but not TNM (PS dataset). Feature selection was applied with permutation feature importance (PFI) to create reduced datasets with only important variables for predictions.
RESULTS
AI methods predicted the five-year survival status with a comparable accuracy when trained with the whole dataset (Accuracy: 0.77/0.76/0.76/0.74/0.69 RF/XG/ANN/TN/LR, respectively). When trained without the biomarkers but with complete patient characteristics, including TNM, model predictions did not deteriorate. LR showed the least accurate prediction in any conducted computational experiment. In contrast, models trained only with collected data until PS with biomarkers showed better predictive power compared to excluded biomarkers (whole PS dataset vs. PS dataset without biomarkers; Accuracy: 0.77 vs. 0.70/ 0.79 vs. 0.73/0.75 vs. 0.71/0.72 vs.0.69/0.66 vs. 0.63 RF/XG/ANN/TN/LR). Model predictions with selected features via PFI showed similar results compared to when trained with all features. Important feature overlap of AI methods, when trained with all features, was: pN status, pT status, p16 deletion, and Her2/neu amplification. Feature overlap when trained with the PS dataset was: patient age at the time of surgery, TP-53 mutation, Mesothelin expression, TYMP expression, NANOG expression, IDO expressed on tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, tumor-infiltrating mast- and NK-cells.
CONCLUSION
AI can predict the long-term survival of patients with EC. Survival status can be predicted at the time of PS if additional information on the tumor tissue is available. This suggests that individual predictions are possible early in cancer treatment with biomarkers and do not rely on the pathological TNM status after surgery.
Genome-wide identification of thaumatin-like protein family genes in Panax notoginseng and analysis of their responses to Fusarium solani infection
Authors: yun yang , Guan Huilin , Wei Fugang , Li Zecheng , Yang Shaozhou , Huang Jingxin
Published: August 2023

Panax notoginseng is the most widely used Chinese medicinal herb, and one main challenge to the successful cultivation is root rot, which significantly reduces its yield and quality. Thaumatin-like proteins (TLPs) are a large and complex proteins of pathogenesis-related family 5 (PR-5), which play a important role in plant host defense and other physiological processes. The objective of this study is to identify the TLP gene family in P. notoginseng on a genome-wide scale and explore their response to Fusarium solani infection. In this study, a total of twenty PnTLP genes were identified in P. notoginseng genome and divided into ten subfamilies (Group I–X) by the phylogenetic analysis. Subcellular localization prediction showed that most of the PnTLP proteins were located in the extracellular, and few were distributed in chloroplast. Meanwhile, the gene structure and protein conserved domain were established by MEME Suite. Duplication analysis showed that segmental duplication, rather than tandem duplications promoting the expansion of the PnTLPs gene family. The analysis of collinear relationships reflected that there were 36 homologous genes between P. notoginseng and Arabidopsis and 9 between P. notoginseng and rice. Moreover, cis-acting elements of PnTLP gene promoters were predicted which indicated that PnTLPs are involved in biotic, abiotic stress, and hormone induction. Expression profile analysis revealed the possible roles of TLPs in plant development and fungal stress response. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analyses revealed that the PnTLP members were up-regulated or down-regulated in response to F. solani stress. The results of this study provide insight into the PnTLP gene family, and their potential biological functions in plants’ defenses against pathogenic fungi, which would provide candidate genes for future studies of their roles in disease resistance.
Development of a Ferroptosis-based Molecular Markers for Predicting RFS in Prostate Cancer Patients
Authors: Chen Jinquan , Zhang Longbin , Luo Yiling , Tan Chao , Hu Huang , Jiang Yuling , Xi Na , Zeng Qinghai , Peng H
Published: August 2023

The goal of this study was to develop a ferroptosis-based molecular signature that can predict recurrence-free survival (RFS) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we obtained ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) in FerrDb database and clinical transcriptome data in TCGA database and GEO database. Consensus cluster analysis was used to identify three molecular markers of ferroptosis in PCa with differential expression of 40 FRGs, including PD-L1 expression levels.We conducted a new ferroptosis- related signature for PCa RFS using four FRGs identified through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The signature was validated in the training, testing, and validation cohorts, and it demonstrated remarkable results in the area under the time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve of 0.757, 0.715, and 0.732, respectively. Additionally, we observed that younger patients, those with stage T III and stage T IV, stage N0, cluster 1, and cluster 2 PCa were most accurately predicted by the signature as independent predictors of RFS.DU-145 and RWPE-1 cells were successfully analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot for ASNS, GPT2, RRM2, and NFE2L2. We conducted a new ferroptosis-based signature for PCa RFS using four FRGs identified through univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses. The signature was validated in training, testing, and validating cohorts, with an excellent performance based on the ROC curves respectively of 0.757, 0.715, and 0.732. Furthermore, we found that younger patients or those with stage T III and stage T IV, stage N0, cluster 1and cluster 2 were best predicted by the signature as independent predictors of RFS. DU-145 and RWPE-1 cell lines were successfully analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot for ASNS, GPT2, RRM2, and NFE2L2.
Dachsous cadherin related 1 (DCHS1) is a novel biomarker for immune infiltration and epithelial- mesenchymal transition in endometrial cancer via pan-cancer analysis
Authors: Meijuan Cai , Fang Min , qian Wang
Published: August 2023

Background
Dachsous cadherin related 1 (DCHS1) is one of calcium-dependent adhesion membrane proteins and is mainly involved in the development of mammalian tissues. There is a lack of more detailed research on the biological function of DCHS1 in pan-cancer.
Materials and methods
We evaluated the expression, the prognostic value, the diagnostic value and genomic alterations of DCHS1 by using the databases, including TCGA, UALCAN, HPA, GEPIA2.0 and GSCA. We employed the databases of UCSC, TIMER2.0, TISIDB, GSCA to analyze the association between DCHS1 expression and the immune microenvironment, stemness, TMB, MSI and anticancer drug sensitivity. BioGRID, STRING and GEPIA2.0 were used to perform protein interaction and functional enrichment analysis. Real-time quantitative PCR, CCK8, Transwell assay and WB were performed to determine the function of DCHS1 in UCEC.
Results
DCHS1 is differentially expressed in many cancers and its expression is significantly associated with tumor prognosis and diagnosis. DCHS1 expression was significantly correlated with the infiltration of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and Endothelial cell (ECs), and Hematopoietic stem cell in most cancers. In addition, DCHS1 was significantly associated with sensitivity to many antitumor drugs. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that DCHS1-related proteins were involved in Focal adhesion, Endometrial cancer and Wnt signaling pathway. GSEA results showed that DCHS1 is related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in many cancers. In vitro experiments in UCEC showed that silencing of DCHS1 blocked cell proliferation, migration and EMT.
Conclusions
Our findings indicated that DCHS1 might be a novel prognostic and diagnostic biomarker and immunotherapy target, and plays an important role in the proliferation, migration and EMT in UCEC.
Sävelten tyttäret: Säveltävät naiset Suomessa 1800-luvulta 1900-luvulle
Authors: Välimäki Susanna , Koivisto-Kaasik Nuppu
Published: August 2023

Daughters of music: Finnish Women composers from the 19th Century to the 20th Century The book presents the biographies and work lists of 126 Finnish women composers born between 1784 and 1909. Based on large-scale archival research, it is the first comprehensive historical account of Finnish women composers and their cultural heritage. The authors draw on feminist music history and the sociohistorical approach to find out who these women were, what kind of music they wrote, and how their careers reflected European cultural and social history. The treatise highlights the influence of girls’ schools, women’s suffrage movements and other socio-political developments on the musical culture of women. Concepts such as “composer”, “woman” and “Finnish” were assumed to be open and inclusive throughout the research, in terms of both musical style and diversity in cultural background. In concentrating on music-making by women, the book opens up radically new vistas on Finland’s music and cultural history, and it rectifies previous erroneous conceptions about women’s composership and their artistic work. In short, it exposes the richness in the sonic and intellectual heritage of Finnish women composers, as well as its significance in society today.
LA FISTULE COLO-BRONCHIQUE COMPLICATION EXCEPTIONNELLE DE LOESOPHAGOPLASTIE COLIQUE
Authors:   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique Cardiovasculaire et Transplantation dorgane CHU Mustapha Alger, Algerie., Ghebouli K. , Belbekri M. ,   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique CHU Constantine, Algerie., Kecir M.A ,   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique CHU Constantine, Algerie., Mebarki N. ,   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique Cardiovasculaire et Transplantation dorgane CHU Mustapha Alger, Algerie., Hidouche F. ,   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique Cardiovasculaire et Transplantation dorgane CHU Mustapha Alger, Algerie., Lemebarki F. ,   Service de Chirurgie Thoracique Cardiovasculaire et Transplantation dorgane CHU Mustapha Alger, Algerie.
Published: August 2023

Objective:Colonic interposition as an esophageal substitution is an accepted surgical approach for severe esophageal lesions especially after accidental caustic ingestion. Colobronchial fistula after coloesophageal interposition is a rare and a late complication. The bibliographical analysis showed very few cases of this complication. Material and Methods:A 37 yr old woman was admitted for recurrent right pneumonia. A 22 yr of age, she had developed a long esophageal stricture as a result of accidental caustic ingestion and a coloesophageal interposition was performed.The diagnostic of colobronchail fistula was suspected by chest scan and confirmed by digestive endoscopy.The patient was approached by thoracotomy,the evolution controlled by a thoracic scan and endoscopic is very satisfying.
AUTONOMOUS WEAPON SYSTEMS AND THE JUST WAR THEORY: CHALLENGES AND IMPLICATIONS
Authors: ECEMİŞ YILMAZ Hatice Kübra
Published: August 2023

Autonomous weapon systems (AWS) present a formidable obstacle to the application of just war theory in international law. While just war theory has long served as a framework for assessing the moral and legal justification of armed conflict, the lack of human control over the use of force in AWS creates unique ethical and legal challenges. This article investigates the effects of AWS on just war theory in international law, including the application of jus ad bellum and jus in bello criteria. It discusses the benefits and drawbacks of AWS, the current legal framework for these systems, and the difficulties associated with applying just war theory criteria to AWS. The article concludes with recommendations for future research and policy development to address these challenges, including the need for additional research, the development of clear legal frameworks, international cooperation and coordination, public participation and awareness, and research on alternative approaches to the use of AWS in armed conflict. By addressing these concerns, researchers can work toward a future in which the development and use of AWS are consistent with the principles of the just war theory and international law
Morphology, Histology, and Cytology of the Testis and Accessory Glands of Bolua turkiyae (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)
Authors: POLAT İrmak , AMUTKAN MUTLU Damla , SULUDERE Zekiye
Published: August 2023

There are many morphological and histological studies in the world to investigate the structure of the external and internal organs of insects. These studies not only serve to illuminate the biology of insect species, but also to reveal taxonomic relationships. For this purpose, the detailed structure of the testis and accessory glands that are the main organs of the male reproductive system of Bolua turkiyae Ünal, 1999 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) was searched with a light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope techniques in 2019-2020 in Gazi University, Prof. Dr. Zekiye Suludere Electron Microscope Center in this study. B. turkiyae is an endemic species distributed around Bolu province in Turkey. The reproductive system of male B. turkiyae is comprised of testis, vas deferens, and accessory glands. When the cross-sections of the oval and yellow testis were examined, it was observed that they contain many follicles. There are cysts in these follicles that have the developmental stages of the sperm. From the distal ends of the follicles to the proximal ends, the germarium, growth zone, maturation zone, and transformation zone are located respectively. In these stages, spermatogonium, spermatocyte, spermatids, and finally spermatozoa are formed. Accessory glands are hollow tubular structures of two different sizes and diameters. Single-layered cubic or pyramidal cells surround the lumen in both groups of accessory glands. It is hoped that these new data will contribute to our understanding of the structure of the male reproductive system of B. turkiyae.
Comprehensive Analysis of lncRNA and mRNA Expression Profile of
Macrophage RAW264.7 Stimulated by Antimicrobial Peptide BSN-37
Authors: Qin Ting , Liu Mingcheng , Lv Yanhe , Zheng Airong , Wang Lei , Wu Yundi , Kasianenko Oksana , Wei Xiaobing , Teng Zhanwei , Xia Xiaojing , Hu Jianhe
Published: August 2023

Background:

BSN-37, a novel antimicrobial peptide (AMP) containing 37 amino acid
residues isolated from the bovine spleen, has not only antibacterial activity but also immunomodulatory
activity. Recent evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important
role in regulating the activation and function of immune cells. The purpose of this experiment was
to investigate the lncRNA and mRNA expression profile of mouse macrophages RAW264.7 stimulated
by bovine antimicrobial peptide BSN-37.

Methods:

The whole gene expression microarray was used to detect the differentially expressed lncRNA
and mRNA between antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 activated RAW264.7 cells and normal
RAW264.7 cells. KEGG pathway analysis and GO function annotation analysis of differentially expressed
lncRNAs and mRNA were carried out. Eight kinds of lncRNAs and nine kinds of mRNA
with large differences were selected for qRT-PCR verification, respectively.

Results:

In the current study, we found that 1294 lncRNAs and 260 mRNAs were differentially expressed
between antibacterial peptide BSN-37 treatment and control groups. Among them,
Bcl2l12, Rab44, C1s, Cd101 and other genes were associated with immune responses and were all
significantly up-regulated. Mest and Prkcz are related to cell growth, and other genes are related to
glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism. In addition, some immune-related terms were also
found in the GO and KEGG analyses. At the same time, real-time quantitative PCR was used to
verify selected lncRNA and mRNA with differential expression. The results of qRT-PCR verification
were consistent with the sequencing results, indicating that our data were reliable.

Conclusion:

This study provides the lncRNA and mRNA expression profiles of RAW264.7
macrophages stimulated by antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 and helps to provide a reference value
for subsequent studies on lncRNA regulation of antimicrobial peptide BSN-37 immune function.
LncRNA LINC00847 Accelerates Melanoma Progression by Regulating
MiR-133a-3p/TGFBR1 Axis
Authors: Jiang Lei , Shi Xiufang , Liu Yanxin , Chen Huaxia
Published: August 2023

Aims:

Growing evidence has suggested that lncRNAs play a regulatory role in tumorigenesis.
Dysregulation of a newly identified lncRNA (LINC00847) has been involved in several
tumors. Nevertheless, the expression and roles of lncRNAs in skin melanoma remain unclear.
Therefore, we attempted to investigate the expressions and roles of lncRNAs in this study.

Materials and Methods:

Expression levels of LINC00847 were quantified in tissue samples from
the TCGA database and clinically recruited participants. LINC00847 was inhibited in cells by
transfecting with si-LINC00847 or si-NC. Expressions of LINC00847 and miR-133a-3p were determined
using RT-qPCR, and the TGFBR1 level was determined using Western blotting. Targeting
sites of LINC00847 with miR-133a-3p and miR-133a-3p with TGFBR1 were predicted by bioinformatic
tools and proved by dual-luciferase reporter system and RNA immunoprecipitation. Cell
proliferation, invasion, and migration abilities were assessed using CCK8, cell colony formation,
cell wound scratch, and transwell assay, respectively.

Results:

In both TCGA and clinical cohorts, the expression of LINC00847 was abnormally upregulated
in skin melanoma tissues than that of benign nevus. Besides, LINC00847 expression increased
more markedly in A375 and SK-MEL-28 cells than in normal epidermal melanocytes
(HEMa-LP cells). LINC00847 knockdown remarkably restrained skin melanoma cell proliferation,
metastasis, and wound healing rate. Furthermore, miR-133a-3p/TGFBR1 was the downstream target
for LINC00847. LINC00847 negatively regulated miR-133a-3p expression in skin melanoma
cells. Both miR-133a-3p inhibitors and TGFBR1 vector transfection reversed the effect of
LINC00847 silence in skin melanoma cells.

Conclusion:

LINC00847 was highly expressed in skin melanoma, and its overexpression accelerated
the malignant tumor behavior of skin melanoma cells. The miR-133a-3p /TGFBR1 axis was
involved in the roles of LINC00847 in skin melanoma.
Prognostic Role of Unfolded Protein Response-Related Genes in Hepatocellular
Carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Shuqiao , Li Xinyu , Zheng Yilu , Hu Hao , Liu Jiahui , Zhang Shijun , Tang Chunzhi , Mo Zhuomao , Kuang Weihong
Published: August 2023

Aims:

To reveal the prognostic role of unfolded protein response (UPR) -related genes
in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Background:

Hepatocellular carcinoma is a genetically heterogeneous tumor, and the prediction of
its prognosis remains a challenge. Studies elucidating the molecular mechanisms of UPR have
rapidly increased. However, the UPR molecular subtype characteristics of the related genes in
HCC progression have yet to be thoroughly studied.

Objective:

Conducting a comprehensive assessment of the prognostic signature of genes related to
the UPR in patients with HCC can advance our understanding of the cellular processes contributing
to the progression of HCC and offer innovative strategies in precise therapy.

Methods:

Based on the gene expression profiles associated with UPR in HCC, we explored the
molecular subtypes mediated by UPR-related genes and constructed a UPR-related genes signature
that could precisely predict the prognosis for HCC.

Results:

Using microarray data of HCC patients, differentially expressed UPR-related genes
(DEGs) were discovered in malignancies and normal tissues. The HCC was classified into two
molecular subtypes by the NMF algorithm based on DEGs modification of the UPR. Moreover, we
developed a UPR-related model for predicting HCC patients' prognosis. The robustness of the UPR-
related model was confirmed in external validation. Moreover, we analyzed immune responses
in different risk groups. Analysis of immune functions revealed that Treg, Macrophages, aDCs,
and MHC class-I were significantly up-regulated in high-risk HCC. At the same time, cytolytic activity
and type I and II INF response were higher in a low-risk subgroup.

Conclusion:

This study identified two UPR molecular subtypes of HCC and developed a ten-gene
HCC prognostic signature model (EXTL3, PPP2R5B, ZBTB17, CCT3, CCT4, CCT5, GRPEL2,
HSP90AA1, PDRG1, and STC2), which can robustly forecast the progression of HCC.
Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Diagnosis of Placenta Accreta
Authors: Niu Lei , Cui Wen , Zhu Chunxia , Lu Xiaoning , Wang Yongkang , Wang Feng
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

To analyze the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in suspicious cases for prenatal detection of placenta accreta (PA).

Materials and Methods:

A total of 50 placental MRI exams performed on a 1.5T scanner were retrospectively reviewed by two radiologists in consensus.HASTE(half-Fourier acquisition single-shot turbo spin echo)and True-FISP (true fast imaging with steady-state precession) sequences were acquired. Findings from MRI were compared with the final diagnosis, which was determined by clinical findings at delivery and pathological examination of specimens.

Results:

Of 50 pregnant women in the analysis, 33 required cesarean hysterectomy, and 17 underwent cesarean delivery.MRI signs such as myometrial
thinning, loss of T2 hypointense interface(loss of retroplacental clear space on US), heterogenous intraplacental sign, and intraplacental T2 dark
bands were more likely to be seen in this group.

Conclusion:

MRI is particularly useful in cases where US is inconclusive and to assess the extent to which the placenta penetrates the uterine serosa and invades outward into surrounding tissues.MRI has become a routine examination for patients with suspected PA in clinical practice.

:

In this group, the cases that were finally clinically and pathologically confirmed were 12, 16, and 22 cases of placenta accreta vera, placenta
increta, and placenta percreta respectively.
Insight into JNK Inhibition-based Strategy for the Treatment of
Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Zyuz’kov Gleb Nikolaevich , Miroshnichenko Larisa Arkad`evna , Polykova Tatyana Yur`evna , Simanina Elena Vladislavovna , Chayikovskyi Alexander Vasil`evich , Kotlovskaya Larisa Yur`evna
Published: August 2023

Background:

Existing drugs for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease do not meet the basic
requirements. Therefore, it is necessary to search for fundamentally new targets for the discovery of
drugs for Alzheimer's disease (AD). When creating approaches to stimulate neurogenesis, such a search
is promising to conduct as part of the development of a strategy for targeted regulation of intracellular
signal transduction in regeneration-competent cells (RCCs). Moreover, the participation of c-Jun Nterminal
kinases (JNK) in the regulation of the functions of the nervous tissue and neuroglial cells is
known.

Objective:

The aim of the work was to study the effect of the JNK inhibitor (IQ-1S) on exploratory behavior
and cognitive functions in aged mice (16-month-old male C57BL/6 mice as a model of AD) in
combination with the dynamics of shifts in the RCCs functioning (nervous tissue progenitors: neural
stem cells (NSCs) and neuronal-committed progenitors (NCPs); neuroglial cells: astrocytes, oligodendrocytes,
microglial cells).

Methods:

The studies were carried out on male C57BL/6 mice aged 16 months as model of Alzheimer's
disease. We studied the effect of the JNK inhibitor on exploratory behavior, conditioned reflex activity,
and on the functioning of RCCs in the subventricular zone of the cerebral hemispheres (SVZ). NCPs
and neuroglial cells of different types were obtained by immunomagnetic separation.

Results:

We observed significant changes in exploratory behavior and impaired conditioned reflex activity
in aged C57BL/6 mice. The administration of the JNK inhibitor led to a significant correction of
age-related behavioral and memory disorders in aged mice. At the same time, against the background of
JNK inhibition-based therapy, an increase in mitotic activity and the content of both NSCs and NCPs in
the SVZ was noted. However, these shifts were more pronounced in committed precursors. The phenomenon
of the inhibition of NSC specialization under the influence of a pharmacological agent was
also revealed. In addition, the JNK inhibitor caused an increase in the secretion of neurotrophic growth
factors by oligodendrocytes and microglial cells.

Conclusion:

The findings open up prospects for the development of JNK targeting-based approaches
for the treatment of AD.
Investigating the Association of rs4962416 and rs6465657 with Prostate
Adenocarcinoma in the Iranian Population
Authors: Hemmati Tannaz , Angaji Seyed Abdolhamid , Beikzadeh Behnaz , Alibeik Hengameh , Roudi Raheleh , Narouie Behzad
Published: August 2023

Background:

Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed malignancies
in the developed world. Despite other risk factors like age, diet, environment and the
pathogenesis of prostate cancer, recent advances in molecular genetics suggest that genetic
inheritance plays an important role in prostate cancer.

Objective:

We attempted to analyze the association of SNPs rs4962416 and rs6465657 in
the development of prostate cancer. A better understanding of the association of SNPs in
prostate cancer susceptibility may improve risk prediction, improve precision mapping, and
provide new insights into the underlying pathophysiology of prostate cancer. To date, no
one has investigated these two SNPs in the Iranian populations, and according to the
heterogeneity that exists, SNPs in communities should be examined separately.

Methods:

This case-control study includes 82 people with prostate adenocarcinoma as cases
and 96 people with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as controls. Genotyping of each participant
was done by TETRA ARMS-PCR method and for statistical analysis chi-squared,
Fisher’s exact logistic regression was used to find the SNPs associated with prostate cancer.

Result:

The frequency of the polymorphisms rs4962416 and rs6465657 in the prostate adenocarcinoma
group was evaluated compared to the BPH control group (p-value < 0.05%) to
choose the meaningful SNP. For rs4962416, we didn’t find any meaningful association with
prostatic cancer (p=0.402) but for rs6465657 there was a significant difference between
genotype frequency (p=0.001).

Conclusion:

rs6465657 polymorphism which is associated with prostate cancer, can be chosen
as a biomarker for this cancer and there should be more investigation on this SNP as
these results need to be confirmed in a larger population.
Taste Masking Cetirizine Hydrochloride using Ion-exchange Resins
Authors: Sridhar Vanga , Thirupathi Kaluvala , Sridhar Mittapally
Published: August 2023

Aim:

The scope of the study is to determine the exact drug content present in the dry resinate and the utilization of ion-exchange resin in taste masking highly bitter cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ). The Amberlite® IRP-69 cross-linked polystyrene was used.

Objective:

The objectives of this study are drug loading, drug–resin ratios, effect of particle size determination, and qualitative evaluation of taste masking ion-exchange resins.

Background:

The resinate (drug–resin complex) preparation process was completed by batch method in the ratio of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The loaded drug amount in the resin was evaluated spectrophotometrically by measuring the remaining drug to be loaded in the solution at 278nm. Different sieve sizes of Amberlite® IRP-69 resins were employed to determine the effect of the particle size in drug loading and drug releasing profiles in simulated gastric fluid without enzymes. The X-ray diffractograms of cetirizine hydrochloride, Amberlite® IRP-69, and a mixture of cetirizine hydrochloride with resins (resinate) were obtained by using an X-ray diffractometer.

Results:

Resinates were developed by using single-batch and double-batch methods. Both of them are giving almost the same results of drug loading into ion-exchange resins. We selected 1:1 drug–resin ratio to see the effect of the particle size on the rate and extent of drug loading and drug releasing from the complex. In the 1:1 drug-to-resin ratio, almost 78% of the drug was involved in the complex after 24 hours; in the case of 2:1 and 3:1 ratios, only 49% and 25% of the drug were involved in the complex, respectively.

Conclusion:

Among many taste masking methods, the formation of resinates with an ion-exchange resin is simple and inexpensive. The present work reveals that the degree of bitterness of cetirizine hydrochloride is reduced to zero by strong cation-exchange resin. The present study deals on the scope of utilizing ion-exchange resins in taste masking cetirizine hydrochloride (CTZ), a highly bitter drug.
Introducing a New Method for DPMU in Detecting the Type and Location
of the Fault
Authors: Zand Mohammad , Nasab Morteza Azimi , Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar , Khan Bassam
Published: August 2023

Introduction:

Nowadays, due to the increasing development of distribution networks, their
safety and high-reliability performance are of particular importance. One of the most important problems
that endanger the security and reliability of these networks is the creation of some faults in them.
In case of a fault in the network, identifying its location and type can be of great help in repairing faulty
equipment. Also, by detecting the disconnection of one of the equipment or lines, it is possible to prevent
accidents in the network.

Methods:

Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) has been widely and successfully used as Transmission-
Phasor Measurement Unit (T-PMU). The reporting time of PMUs is much shorter than the old Supervisory
Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) systems. They can provide synchronized phasor measurements
that can generate voltage phasors of different network nodes. This study aimed to investigate
the various applications of phasor measurement units in distribution networks and present a new method
for detecting and analyzing the location and type of fault and topology fault of the distribution network
using the Internet of Things (IOT) analysis method.

Results:

To implement this method, it is necessary to measure different parameters of the distribution
network before and after the occurrence of a fault, which is used by the DPMU for measurement. The
simulation results indicate that for both single-topology and multi-topology faults, the proposed method
has higher accuracy and better detection than the remaining common methods and effectively detects
single-topology and multi-topology faults in the distribution network.

Conclusion:

This method can provide a more accurate network topology to estimate the state of the
distribution network, which improves the accuracy of the state estimation and is suitable for implementing
various advanced functions of the distribution management system.
Conventional Propulsion Technologies
Authors: Minami Yoshinari , Takaaki Musha
Published: August 2023

Besides the practical chemical propulsion system, many propulsion systems and concepts, such as electric propulsion system, laser propulsion system, nuclear propulsion system, solar sail, nuclear electric propulsion, and solar electric propulsion are introduced. In this chapter, the outline propulsion theory are presented.
Advanced Physics for Field Propulsion
Authors: Minami Yoshinari , Takaaki Musha
Published: August 2023

Field propulsion is the concept of propulsion theory of spaceship that is not based on usual momentum thrust but based on momentum derived from an interaction of the spaceship with external fields. Field propulsion system is propelled without mass expulsion. The propulsion principle is based on the assumption that space as a vacuum possesses a substantial physical structure. Field propulsion is propelled receiving the propulsive force (i.e., thrust) arises from the interaction of the substantial physical structure. The meaning of substantial physical structure regarding the space-time can be conjectured from both General Relativity in the view of macroscopic structure and Quantum Field Theory in the view of microscopic structure. Therefore, several kinds of field propulsion can be proposed by making choice of physical concepts.
In this chapter, the basic concepts regarding the structure of physical space for such means of propulsion within the present physics paradigm are described.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction
Authors: Santana Ádina L. , Chañi-Paucar Larry O. , Veggi Priscilla C. , Viganó Juliane , Meireles M. Angela A.
Published: August 2023

In this chapter, we highlight the basic concepts behind the use of SFE to
select molecules present in food matrices, e.g., carotenoids, essential oils, waxes, and
phenolic compounds. Also, we highlight the SFE equipment setup, the methods for
process intensification, and mass transfer mechanisms involved in the process, besides
the advantages and drawbacks. Supercritical fluids have been suggested as a powerful
tool to improve the performance of analytical methods in terms of reduced steps for
sample preparation and waste generation, besides enhanced precision and recovery of
analytes detected. The offline association of SFE with analytical detection has been
elucidated for decades. Currently, many efforts have been made to reach the
miniaturization of equipment as well as the online hyphenation between extraction and
analytical detection with supercritical fluids as a novel method for sample preparation
to detect food analytes in real time with accuracy and robustness. 
Gas-Expanded Liquids Extraction
Authors: Suárez Montenegro Zully J. , Abderrezag Norelhouda , Ibáñez Elena , Mendiola Jose A.
Published: August 2023

Gas Expanded Liquids (GXL) are mixtures of liquid solvents (organic,
water) and gases or supercritical fluids with diverse physicochemical properties
halfway between pure liquids and supercritical fluids. The possibility of changing their
properties by introducing small changes in pressure, temperature, and/or solvent/gas
ratio, makes these solvents a very interesting and appropriate option for developing
green extraction protocols for food analysis. In general, GXLs have similar densities as
the solvent used in their composition, while having improved mass transfer through
reduced viscosity, increased solute diffusivity, and decreased interfacial tension. Some
other advantages are related to the wide range of polarities that can be obtained,
depending on the liquid selected. Moreover, the substitution of a liquid fraction for a
gas reduces the final use of organic solvent, thus improving the green character of
GXLs. In the present chapter, the physicochemical properties of GXL are addressed
along together with the description of applications in the food science and technology
area.