bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF SOIL MICROORGANISMS AS AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF PLANT PROTECTION AGAINST ACCREMONIOSIS
Authors: Tsekhmister G. V. , Kyslynska A. S. , Pavlenko A. A.
Published: June 2020

Objective. Screening of microorganisms — antagonists of the phytopathogenic fungus Acremonium cucurbitacearum. Methods. The antagonistic activity of microorganisms was investigated by the method of mixed (counter) cultures on wort agar. The appearance and type of relationships were registered using Simonian and Mamikonian modified scale. The primary screening of A. cucurbitacearum 502 antagonists was performed by the delayed antagonism method. Morphological and cultural characteristics of Triсhoderma sp. 017 were studied on wort agar. The fungus was grown for 10 days. Results. Almost all of the microorganisms under study were found to exhibit antagonistic properties against A. cucurbitacearum 502. In particular, among bacteria, Bacillus sp. 23 exhibited the highest antifungal activity and inhibited the growth of the pathogen even after 25 days of their compatible cultivation. Screening for micromycetes of the genera Trichoderma and Chaetomium showed that all the tested strains showed antagonistic activity to A. cucurbitacearum 502 to one extent or another. Following contact of Chaetomium fungi — C. globosum 377 and C. cochliodes 3250 with A. cucurbitacearum 502, they delayed growth of the latter, showing superparasitism at Day 25 and 15, respectively. Among the fungi of the genus Triсhoderma, strain Triсhoderma sp. 017 was characterized by the fastest growth and at Day 5 of cultivation showed superparasitism, arresting the growth of A. cucurbitacearum 502 and completely invading the colony of pathogen. Colonies of the fungus Trichoderma sp. 017 on wort agar show rapid growth, forming a white mycelium film and a dark green conidial zone. The optimum pH is 5.0. The mycelium consists of colourless, smooth, strongly branched hyphae, 2.5‒6.0 μm in diameter. Conidiophores are very branched in compact or loose pads, with a main axis, 3.5‒4.0 µm thick. Sterigmata form rings with 2‒3 sterigmata varying in size, 6.25‒15.0 × 2.5‒3.0 μm. Conidia are spherical 2.0‒3.0 × 3.5‒5.0 μm. Conclusion. Therefore, in order to protect plants from acremoniasis caused by the phytopathogen A. cucurbitacearum, we suggest the strain Triсhoderma sp. 017, which is characterized by the most rapid growth and active superparasitism. According to morphological and cultural characteristics, the fungus is classified as T. viride 017.
Performance Analysis of Q-Leach Algorithm in WSN
Authors:   Research Scholar, ECE Deptt, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya, India., Saroj Sarvesh Kumar* , Yadav Manisha ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.t, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya, India., Jain Shiksha ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.t, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya, India, Mishra Ramesh ,   Assistant Professor, ECE Dept.t, Institute of Engineering & Technology, Dr. RMLAU, Ayodhya, India
Published: June 2020

Sensor nodes are exceedingly energy compelled instrument, since it is battery operated instruments. In wsn network, every node is liable to the data transmission through the wireless mode [1]. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is made of a huge no. of small nodes with confined functionality. The essential theme of the wireless sensor network is energy helpless and the WSN is collection of sensor. Every sensor terminal is liable to sensing, store and information clan and send it forwards into sink. The communication within the node is done via wireless network [3].Energy efficiency is the main concentration of a desining the better routing protocol. LEACH is a protocol. This is appropriate for short range network, since imagine that whole sensor node is capable of communication with inter alia and efficient to access sink node, which is not always correct for a big network. Hence, coverage is a problem which we attempt to resolve [6]. The main focus within wireless sensor networks is to increase the network life-time span as much as possible, so that resources can be utilizes efficiently and optimally. Various approaches which are based on the clustering are very much optimal in functionality. Life-time of the network is always connected with sensor node’s energy implemented at distant regions for stable and defect bearable observation [10].
SERO-MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND RICK FACTORS ANALYSIS OF BRUCELLOSIS IN HUMAN AND LACTATING COWS OF MILITARY DAIRY FARMS IN BANGLADESH
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Rahman M. S. , Rahman A. K. M. A. , Hossain M. M. , Hasan M.R. , Rana M. S . , Melzer F. , Neubauer H.
Published: June 2020

Background: Brucellosis is a neglected re-emerging important zoonotic disease in the developing world. Most of the research on brucellosis was limited on the sero-epidemiology during the last 50 years and recently molecular techniques have been initiated to study brucellosis in Bangladesh.
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to determine sero-molecular prevalence, identify risk factors and detect Brucella species associated with bovine and human brucellosis in Bangladesh
Materials and Methods: Serum and milk samples from 1003 lactating dairy cows of eight military dairy farms and 715 serum samples of dairy farm workers and hospital patients were collected during the 36 months period from 2017 to 2020. All the collected sera and milk samples were tested with four different commercial diagnostic test kits to detect the prevalence of Brucella infection. The four sero-positive milkers sera and milk, and all animal samples collected from aborted cases were tested for Brucella genus-specific RT-PCR and Brucella species-specific DNA (B. abortus and B. melitensis) Multiplex PCR. Conventional PCR and sequencing were also performed. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify important risk factors of brucellosis.
Results: The overall 2.39% sero-prevalence of Brucella infection was recorded with all the CFT, SAT and ELISA assay and 3.09% with RBT, whereas only 0.20% tested milks samples showed positive with MRT in the lactating dairy cows. The B. abortus DNA was amplified from all of the four RBT positive human serum samples tested. Phylogenetic tree of partial 16S ribosomal RNA sequences of the PCR products was closely matched with B. abortus. Three variables (age, parity and abortion) were found to be significantly associated with B. abortus infection in lactating cows.
Conclusions: B. abortus is the causal agent of bovine brucellosis which is identified as the first time as an etiological agent of human brucellosis in occupationally exposed dairy farm workers in Bangladesh. This study could not detect the most important zoonotic B. melitensis DNA either in humans or animal samples, even in any earlier studies and therefore, further studies are required to explore the occurrence of B. melitensis in human and animal population in Bangladesh.

Keywords: B. abortus, Lactating cows, Military dairy farms, Sero-tests, Genus specific RT-PCR, Species
Nonlocal Antenna Theory - Part II: Applications
Authors: Mikki Said
Published: June 2020

We propose and develop comprehensive foundations for the analysis of nonlocal radiating systems using a special momentum-space approach. Part II focuses on building some basic examples and applications of the theory explicated in Part I.
SPECIFICITY OF IMMUNE MODULATING EFFECT OF YERSINIA PESTIS ENDOTOXIN
Authors: Tynyanova V. I. , Zyuzina V. P. , Demidova G. V. , Sokolova E. P.
Published: June 2020

Literature and own data on mechanisms of realization of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) toxic potential of Yersinia pestis in the conditions of a macroorganism are analyzed. 2 modifications of LPS are examined - temperature dependent changes of chemical structure of polymers and a change in their conformation under the effect of micro- and macroorganism factors. A special attention is paid to comparative study of toxic and immune modulating properties of the specified LPS forms. Both LPS forms are concluded to activate TLR4/MD2 receptor, inducing synthesis of 2 types of cytokines - pro-inflammatory and interferons. However, dominance of their signal pathways and cross-regulation of the transduced signal are mirrored, and as a result the initial form of LPS initiates interferon synthesis, and conformationally changed - pro-inflammatory cytokines. Results of the experiments are summarized in 2 schemes of signal transfer by TLR4/MD2 receptor under the effect of 2 forms of Y. pestis LPS. Variations of cytokine-inducing properties of the initial and conformationally-altered forms of Y. pestis LPS corresponds to the immune response of the organism at each stage of the infectious process: late inflammatory response by interferon type is characteristic for intra-cellular cycle of plague development, and pro-inflammatory cytokine hyper-production is observed at the terminal stage of infection-toxic shock.
POSSIBILITY OF INFLUENZA PANDEMIC PREDICTION
Authors: Ghendon Yu. Z.
Published: June 2020

Five influenza pandemics emerged in the 20th and 21st centuries. Data regarding possibility of infection of swine with human influenza viruses and persistent circulation of these strains among swine with subsequent infection of humans with these viruses were obtained in the recent years. A possibility of prediction of influenza pandemics by constant observation and study of influenza viruses circulating among swine is discussed in the paper.
CLINICAL AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VACCINATION OF CHILDREN AGAINST PNEUMOCOCCAL INFECTION IN THE AMUR REGION
Authors: Chuchalin A. G. , Onischenko G. G. , Kolosov V. P. , Kurganova O. P. , Tezikov N. L. , Manakov L. G. , Perelman Yu. M.
Published: June 2020

Aim. To study the effectiveness of anti-pneumococcal vaccination of children in the organization of anti-epidemic measures in the areas of the flood in the Amur region. Material and methods. The monitoring program included 4988 children aged 2 to 5 years who have risk factors for pneumococcal infection. Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine Prevenar-13 was used for immunization. Data on the incidence of child with acute respiratory infection, acute otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis during the post-vaccination period were taken into account. To evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination we used indicators and specific criteria (coefficient prophylactic vaccination and infection index). Results. The level of total morbidity of children in post-immunization period decreased by 13.6%; the number of cases of pneumonia in the population of observed children decreased by 2.3 times; the total duration of the illness in children decreased by 14.6%, the number of courses of antibiotic therapy was reduced by 21.3%, the number of hospital admissions of children- 38.4%, the number of days of temporary disability of parents - 11.1%. Direct dependence of the degree of effectiveness of vaccination against pneumococcal disease by the age of children is determined. Conclusion. The findings suggest that implementation of the program of clinical and epidemiological monitoring and prevention of community-acquired pneumonia with use of a vaccine against pneumococcal infections in the territory of the Amur Region has a high level of medical and socio-economic efficiency.
PROCUREMENT OF SANITARY AND EPIDEMIOLOGICAL WELFARE IN THE REGION OF CITY-RESORT SOCHI FOR DANGEROUS AND NATURAL-FOCI INFECTIOUS DISEASES IN 2015
Authors: Popova A. Yu. , Kulichenko A. N. , Maletskaya O. V. , Dubyansky V. M. , Ryazanova A. G. , Prislegina D. A. , Shaposhnikova L. I. , Manin E. A. , Yunicheva Yu. V. , Vasilenko L. E. , Agaptiov D. S. , Saveliev V. N. , Degtyarev D. Yu. , Gerasimenko E. V. , Lazarenko E. V. , Zhiltsova A. Yu. , Volynkina A. S. , Kotenev E. S. , Savelieva I. V. , Khachaturova A. A. , Kuznetsova I. V. , Zhamikova I. V. , Evchenko Yu. M. , Zaitsev A. A. , Antonenko A. D. , Orobey V. G.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Analysis of results of epidemiologic monitoring of especially dangerous, natural-foci and other infectious diseases, as well as epizootologic activity of natural foci of infection on the territory of city-resort Sochi. Materials and methods. Laboratory studies of 820 samples by PCR, immune- and bacteriologic methods were carried out, among those 344 - clinical material, 12 - water from open bodies and 321 - field material. Molecular-genetic identification of 143 strains of Vibrio cholerae, isolated from open water bodies of city-resort Sochi, was carried out. Results. Circulation of causative agents of Q fever, tularemia and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome of Dobrava-Adler genotypes was established, as well as rickettsia of tick spotted fever group. Predomination of rotaviruses (70.9%) was detected during study of samples of clinical material in etiologic structure of sporadically emerging acute intestine infections. Relatively high temperature values of river water during summer months (from 18 to 30°C), exit of sulfide mineral waters into the riverbed, that create alkaline medium, seasonal reduction of river debit and speed of water current facilitated sustenance of contamination of water of Agura river by V. cholerae. Conclusion. Activity of natural foci of the infectious disease and contamination of Agura river by V. cholerae 01 (atoxigenic) gives evidence on the necessity of constant control of epidemiologic situation by dangerous and natural-foci infectious diseases on the territory of city-resort Sochi, as well as study regional features of their causative agents, including using genetic methods.
SYNTHETIC BIOLOGY AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE VACCINES FOR PROPHYLAXIS OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
Authors: Kolesnikov A. V. , Kozyr A. V. , Shemyakin L. G. , Lisitskaya LA. .. , Marin M. A. , Ryabko A. K. , Dyatlov LA. ..
Published: June 2020

For many decades, live vaccines remain the most effective means for prophylaxis of bacterial infections. Until recently, the main source of vaccine strains were empirically selected bacteria, virulence of which was attenuated due to natural mutations. Despite effectiveness of such vaccines against a number of infections, use of attenuated strains for many pathogens either does not induce sufficient protection, or is unsafe. Traditional technologies of vaccine creation frequently have low effectiveness with the lack of pronounced «protective» antigens in the pathogen. Methods of rational construction of live vaccines have received development in the recent years, based on methodology of synthetic biology. Contribution of synthetic biology into creation of vaccines is not limited to use of means of bioinformatics and construction of optimized DNA fragments, but also includes coordinated adjustments to various components of the bacterial genome, creation of vector strains, inclusion of altered immunogens and immune system activators into them, search and design of immunogens in silico and much more. Methodologies of synthetic biology allow to combine various engineering ideas and building blocks, obtained during creation and modification of various prophylaxis, therapeutic and bioengineering systems for production of microorganisms with qualitatively novel and programmable properties, and in perspective - rapidly create vaccines «on demand».
NG-MAST GENOTYPING OF NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE STRAINS ISOLATED IN RUSSIAN FEDERATION IN 2012 - 2015
Authors: Vorobiev D. V. , Solomka V. S. , Plakhova K. I. , Deryabin D. G. , Kubanov A. A.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Characteristics of contemporary strains of N. gonorrhoeae using NG-MAST genotyping (.Neisseria gonorrhoeae multi-antigen sequence typing), isolation of dominating variants and analysis of their territorial distribution. Materials and methods. 440 strains of N. gonorrhoeae isolated in 2012 - 2015 in 19 subjects of the Russian Federation were used in the study. Genotyping was carried out based on sequencing of variable regions of porB and tbpB genes. Identification of alleles and sequence-types was carried out according to http://www.ng-mast.net. Results. 172 NG-MAST genotypes were identified, 100 of which -were described for the first time. 807,1152, 1544,5714 and 5941 were predominating sequence-types, typical for several subjects of the Russian Federation and some neighboring countries, as well as sequence-types 8583 and 9476 described for the first time, that were exclusively distributed in the regions of their emergence. Sequence-types 225, 1407 and 2992, that are epidemically significant in distant countries, were represented by single isolates in this study. Conclusion. A peculiar and significant genetic diversity of N. gonorrhoeae strains, circulating in the Russian Federation, with characteristic bond of several NG-MAST genotypes to one or several regions, was shown.
SYNTHETIC CONJUGATED ANALOGUES OF CAPSULE POLYSACCHARIDES OF PNEUMOCOCCUS - AN INSTRUMENT FOR DETECTION OF POST-VACCINATION ANTIBODIES
Authors: Kurbatova E. A. , Akhmatova E. A. , Akhmatova N. K. , Egorova N. B. , Yastrebova N. E. , Sukhova E. V. , Tsvetkov Yu. E. , Yashunsky D. V. , Nifantiev N. E.
Published: June 2020

Aim. Evaluation of the ability of capsule polysaccharides (CP) of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 3 and 14 and their synthetic structure analogues, conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA), to detect antibodies in post-vaccination sera of mice. Materials and methods. Oligosaccharides corresponding to one, one and a half and two repeating links of serotype 3 and 14 S. pneumoniae CP were synthesized, their conjugates with BSA were produced by squarate method as well. Ligand content per BSA molecule was controlled by MALDI-TOF spectrometry. Immune sera were obtained after 2 intraperi-toneal administrations to mice of glucoconjugates adsorbed on aluminum hydroxide or 13-valent pneumococcal conjugated vaccine. Determination of levels of post-vaccination class G antibodies and their sub-isotypes was carried out in EIA. Results. Immunization of mice with neoglucoconjugates resulted in formation of predominantly IgGl recognizing serotype 3 and 14 S. pneumoniae CP. IgGl in mice immunized with a 13-valent conjugated vaccine recognized serotype 3 S. pneumoniae CP, but detected serotype 14 S. pneumoniae CP weakly. All the conjugated synthetic oligosaccharides were characterized by a high ability to bind antibodies in blood of mice immunized with the polysaccharide conjugated vaccine. BSA-tetrasaccharide of serotype 3 S. pneumoniae and BSA-tetrasaccharide of serotype 14 S. pneumoniae were characterized by the highest ability to detect IgG 1 against CP. Conclusion. Synthetic oligosaccharides, conjugated with BSA protein-carrier, may be used to develop diagnostic test-systems for determination of antibodies in post-vaccination sera.
High Risk Human Papilloma Virus Genotype Distribution in Cervical Intraepithelial and Invasive Carcinoma
Authors: Jaffar Nazish
Published: June 2020

Background: High-risk (HR) Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is an established cause of cervical cancer. HPV genotype detection is significant in preventing cervical cancers through targeted vaccination our study aimed to identify HRHPV16/18 and non 16/18 in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

Methods: A retrospective study was performed at Pathology Department, BMSI, JPMC, Karachi. About 96 cases of CIN and SCC were included. Analysis of HPV genotypes was performed by DNA extraction, PCR amplification and flow-through hybridization technique. The probes used had a cluster of 13 HRHPV into a group of 3 as HPV HR 1, 2 and 3. Chi square/ Fischer Exact test were applied to observe the association of morphological types of the lesion and expression of HPV genotypes.

Results: HPV DNA positivity was 44% in our series. HPV HR 1 was observed in majority of cases (61.9%), followed by HPV 16 in 23.8%, HPV HR 3 in 9.5%, and HPV HR 2 in 4.7% cases respectively. The unique finding was absence of HPV 18 in the series. High grade lesions and invasive cancers showed positivity for HPV HR 1 and HPV 16, while low grade lesions were positive for HPV HR 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

Conclusion: HPV HR1 are major causative agents for low and high grade intraepithelial and invasive SCC, followed by HPV 16. Absence of HPV 18 was the novel finding. Our results differ from studies within and outside the region, suggestive of diversified genetic makeup and impact of detection techniques on results.
Evaluate the Effect of Amlodipine Besylate on Testosterone and Fertility of Male albino Rats
Authors: Ali Shahid
Published: June 2020

Background: Amlodipine is a Ca++ channel blocker, routinely used for treatment of hypertension. The mechanism underlying its anti-hypertensive effect is dilatation of blood vessels. Testosterone, the hormone produced by testis, is responsible for development of male sexual secondary characteristics. The aim of study was to find out the effect of Ca++ channel blocker, Amlodipine besylate on serum testosterone level in male albino Rats.

Methods: Duration of study was 30 days and conducted in department of pharmacology, 24 male Albino rats were grouped into 4 groups (each having 6). Group A was control group, Group B, C and D were treated with Amlodipine Besylate drug at doses 0.07, 0.14 and 0.28mg/kg body weight respectively (Suspension of 5 mg tablet of Amlodipine dissolved in 10 ml distilled water prepared and further diluted to 1:10ml with distilled water). Independent t test and ANOVA with Tukey’s test were used for comparison of quantitative variables with in groups.

Results: Serum testosterone level reduced in groups treated with Amlodipine. Serum testosterone level of control group is 11.22 while group B, C and D were 4.7, 2.6 and 0.7 respectively. Serum FSH level of control group is 0.10±0.01 while group B, C and D were 0.24±0.35, 0.34±0.40 and 0.08±0.03 respectively. It showed that increasing the dose of Amlodipine markedly reduce testosterone level and increases FSH level in male albino Rats.

Conclusion: Amlodipine severely reduce level of serum testosterone (p=0.001) and increases FSH level (p=0.305) which can lead to infertility in male albino Rats.
Fasting in Ramadan is safe for Individuals Suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Pakistan
Authors: Jehangir Fatima
Published: June 2020

Background: Whether diabetics should fast or not in Ramadan has been a controversial idea since long and the answer even more debatable. It confers safety measures to be known by the diabetics thoroughly, such as when to break the fast and what the hypoglycemic cut offs are. We aimed to determine hypoglycemic events and safety of Ramadan fasting among individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

Methods: This was an observational study enrolling diabetics who decided to fast in Ramadan, were aged >18 years, visited the primary health care center in Sikanderabad and Clifton clinic and gave consent to participate in the study. The exclusion criteria was Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Gestational diabetes, drug induced Diabetes and Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young. A total of 103 participants were included in the study. Data was captured pre-Ramadan, during Ramadan and post-Ramadan in the year 2019. Multivariate Logistic regression was computed and chi-square taken for association of risk factors with hypoglycemia. P-value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Mean HbA1c before Ramadan was 9.2%+2.1 and after Ramadan 7.7%+1.4 (P-value<0.05) showing a reduction of 1.5%. Mean weight of the patients before Ramadan was 68.3kg+1.6 and during Ramadan 64.8kg+1.4(p-value <0.00) showing a dip of 3.5 kg however mean weight 1 month after Ramadan was 66.5kg+14.9 depicting a rise again of 1.8kgs. Higher the risk category of American Heart Association, those who had hypoglycemic events before Ramadan and those on basal-bolus combination insulin had more hypoglycemic events (p-value <0.05).

Conclusion: Fasting in Ramadan shows a major reduction in weight (3.5kg) as well as corrects hyperglycemia (1.5%). However, hypoglycemia was attributed to high risk patients only hence Ramadan fasting proved to be quite safe in individuals with Type 2 DM.
Detection of Root Caries Using Laser-Based Detection Device - DIAGNOdent
Authors: Khan Rabia Sannam
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Dental care for older population is becoming a matter of concern within the National health services (NHS) United Kingdom (UK) due to increasing life expectancy of older people and retention of their natural teeth. The aim of study was to relate the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores with severity index in order to detect root caries and DIAGNOdent readings, at an early stage, to manage these lesions non-invasively.

Methods: Fresh 95 extracted teeth were collected from Oral Surgery and Dental Emergency Department at Barts and the London, Queen Mary University of London. In this in vitro study, 19 out of 95 teeth had root caries. Prior to recording the readings, extracted teeth were cleaned and polished. Each lesion underwent clinical examination. To detect root caries DIAGNOdent readings (ICDAS), severity index were obtained. Pearson’s correlation coefficients tests were applied.

Results: The correlation between cavitation and ICDAS scores shows the significant value of 0.01. The DIAGNOdent reading with momentum and peak values was 45.37 with standard deviation of 32.16 and for peak with the mean value of 49.79 and 31.72 of standard deviation. Regarding, readings of DIAGNOdent and severity index establishment of correlation was difficult to establish. The reason was score of severity index regarding specimen no.1 is 3.3 was illustrative of lesion that is leathery.

Conclusion: The DIAGNOdent readings system did not support the detection of root caries. However, the severity index scoring system is in need of greater categories regarding caries of the root.
Oral Health Status and Attitude of Patients towards Dental Extraction in Karachi
Authors: Assad Tahira
Published: June 2020

Background: Oral health is considered the most important factor in determining general health of an individual, since it reflects the condition of the whole body. This study was outlined to demonstrate the oral health status and attitude of patients toward tooth extraction in case of non-affordability.

Methods: A total of 350 dental patients who came to OPDs for dental extraction were included in this study. Dentist carrying out extraction were asked to fill a self-explanatory questionnaire having patient as the subject. Data tabulation and analysis was completed using SPSS software version 22. Odds ratios, Chi square test, p-value are used to determine oral health status and attitude of patients regarding extraction of teeth.

Results: There were 193(55%) female and 157(45%) male patients in the study. Age of the respondents varied from 20 to 65 with a mean of 40.01+12.67. In addition, 202(57.7%) subjects were unemployed and 148(42.3%) were employed. In present study, teeth were found missing mainly in the age range 20-30. Among all teeth, First molar was the most commonly extracted tooth i.e. 109(31.1%). This indicated that patients wanted to save their teeth. They were willing to pay anything to save tooth in which 137(67.8%) were unemployed while 95 (64.1%) were employed.

Conclusion: Oral health status of the patients who came to OPD for dental extraction was found poor 150(42.9%). Since, patients were suffering from dental caries and periodontal disease. As far as the attitude of patients is concerned regarding tooth extraction, more employed (45.3%) individuals were interested in saving their tooth than unemployed people.
Zinc α-2 Glycoprotein (ZAG) a Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ali Mehwish Feroz
Published: June 2020

Oral cancer, the most challenging and life threatening disease in the field of dentistry, may start as a reactive lesion due to constant stimulus from tobacco consumption, transform into a pre-malignant lesion (dysplastic lesion) and ultimately develop into a cancerous lesion (Invasive carcinoma). There is a fundamental revolution taking place in the analyzing methods; extraction of biological protein from the saliva rather than from tissues or blood. Several of the biomarkers have been studied with pro-carcinogenic effects like Interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leptin, but only a few have been stated in the literature, which show anti-cancer characteristics like adiponectin and zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. This review explored the diagnostic and prognostic values of a biomarkers zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) in adults suspected of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for scientific studies reported on the potential mechanism of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. All the research articles were selected in which ZAG is applied solely or in conjunction with other biomarkers in oral cancer and other cancers. These literatures were carefully assessed to find out and compile the diagnostic and prognostic values and to inquire therapeutic action of ZAG in the process of carcinogenesis.
PROFESSORA OU BABÁ? CONCEPÇÕES DE PROFESSORAS DO 1º ANO DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL SOBRE A PROFISSÃO DOCENTE
Authors: LOPES Luciana Pereira da Silva , AZEVEDO Heloísa Helena de Oliveira
Published: June 2020

Esta pesquisa buscou compreender as concepções de professoras do 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental sobre sua profissão docente, visando conhecer como se veem enquanto professoras de crianças de 6 anos de idade, as quais, recentemente, deixaram de fazer parte da Educação Infantil e passaram a fazer parte do Ensino Fundamental. Analisamos as possibilidades de mudança nessas concepções a partir do exercício profissional, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, com professoras que atuam no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental de escolas públicas e particulares, situadas na Região Metropolitana de Campinas (RMC). Procuramos identificaro que pensam sobre o trabalho do profissional professor na Educação Infantil e no Ensino Fundamental. Ao analisarmos os dados, percebemos que a prática docente ajuda essas profissionais a reverem alguns conceitos estudados à época da formação inicial e que a dicotomia entre o cuidar e o educar ainda tem força. Também verificamos o quanto a mudança no Ensino Fundamental de nove anos, apesar de ser importante, está ligada a desvalorização da Educação Infantil.
O CONHECIMENTO PROFISSIONAL DOCENTE: RELATOS DE PROFESSORES DOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: RESENDE Adriana Torquato , RESENDE Lucas Torquato de
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste artigo é relatar parte dos resultados de uma pesquisa realizada numa escola pública de ensino fundamental. A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar como os professores constroem o seu conhecimento profissional. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista com base num roteirosemiestruturado. O referencial teórico foi desenvolvido com base em autores como Arroyo, Marcelo, Tardif e Lessard, Shulman, Nóvoa, entre outros. A pesquisa se justifica pelo fato de que os depoimentos dos professores indicam algumas estratégias usadas por eles para fazer o seu trabalho e quais resultados eles têm alcançado. Foi possível perceber também alguns aspectos que se referem à base de conhecimento destes professores, trazendo possíveis contribuições para os cursos de formação. Com base nos dados coletados, verificou-se que osprofessores constroem seus conhecimentos a partir de sua própria experiência, em diálogo com o que estudaram nos cursos de formação, e que gostar da profissão é imprescindível para que os alunos aprendam.
“The Platonic Republic.” The Beginnings of Kant’s Juridico-Political Philosophy in the Critique of Pure Reason
Authors: ZÖLLER Günter
Published: June 2020

The essay focuses Kant’s engagement with Plato at the beginning of the Transcendental Dialectic of the Critique of Pure Reason, which presents a crucial but often overlooked feature of Kant’s magnum opus. In particular, the essay examines Kant’s positive pronouncements on the “Platonic republic” (Platonische Republik) in Book One of the Transcendental Dialectic by placing them in the twofold context of the first Critique’s affirmative retake on Plato’s Forms (Ideen) and its original views on juridico-political matters. More specifically, the essay aims to show that Kant’s prime position in legal and political philosophy, as contained in the first edition of the Critique of Pure Reason (1781), involves a normative conception of civic life that places the societal exercise of individual freedom under universal laws. Section 1 explores the extent of affinity between Plato and Kant as arch-representatives of ancient and modern idealism. Section 2 traces the transition from Platonic dogmatism to Kantian criticism in the theory of ideas. Section 3 presents Kant’s appropriation of the idea of the “Platonic republic” for purposes of a specifically modern republican account of the rule of law under conditions of freedom.
DER ZWECKGEDANKE IN DER PHILOSOPHIE IMMANUEL KANTS - ZU DEUTUNGEN IN DER KRITIK DER URTEILSKRAFT UND DER ANTHROPOLOGIE IN PRAGMATISCHER HINSICHT
Authors: PANKNIN-SCHAPPERT Helke
Published: June 2020

Kant bedenkt den Zweckgedanken der menschlichen Vernunft immer wieder neu. Absicht der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es zu zeigen, dass Kant das Denken von Zweckmäßigkeit in einem nichtbegrifflichen Apriori gründet.In dem Denken von Zweckmäßigkeit artikuliert sich ein unausgesprochenes Wissen, das die Bedingtheit des menschlichen Erkenntnisvermögens offenbar werden lässt.In der Kritik der Urteilskraft zeigt Kant, dass der Mensch neben dem teleologischen Urteil über ein nichtbegriffliches Wissen des Ganzen verfügt. In der äußeren Natur gelangt der Mensch zu keiner Einheit, aber er besitzt einen inneren Zugang zum Übersinnlich-Unbedingten im moralischen Gefühl und Glauben. Diese im Gefühl empfundene Einheit bewertet die Anthropologie in pragmatischer Hinsicht wiederum als bloß sekundär gegenüber einem überindividuellen Zweck: Die Erfahrung selbst ist von apriorischer Bedeutung und enthält eine Übereinstimmung von Möglichkeit und Wirklichkeit, Sittlichkeit und Sinnlichkeit. In der anthropologischen Reflexion ist das menschliche Denken eines Zweckes bereits der Ausdruck der göttlichen Weisheit.
DISCIPLINA COMO EDUCAÇÃO NEGATIVA DA RAZÃO PURA. SOBRE UMA POSSÍVEL INFLUÊNCIA DE ROUSSEAU NA FORMAÇÃO DA FILOSOFIA CRÍTICA DE KANT
Authors: TREVISAN Diego Kosbiau
Published: June 2020

Contra certa leitura que interpreta o conceito de disciplina na Crítica da Razão Pura meramente à luz da recepção kantiana da tradição lógica alemã do século 18 (Reimarus, Baumgarten, Wolff e Meier), defende-se neste artigo que a concepçãode disciplina como educação negativa, preventiva e preparatória para o uso positivo, autônomo e emancipado da razão remonta àrecepção de Rousseau por parte de Kant nas décadas de 1760 e sobretudo 1770, momento em que a ideia de uma Crítica da Razão Pura começava a se consolidar no desenvolvimento intelectual de Kant.
KANT E LA DISCIPLINA DELLA RAGION PURA. LE PROPOSIZIONI TRASCENDENTALI SINTETICHE E LA LORO DIMOSTRAZIONE
Authors: GORIA Giulio
Published: June 2020

Le proposizioni fondamentali (Grundsätze) sono presentate nel secondo capitolo della Analitica dei princìpi come princìpi sintetici dell’intelletto puro. Essi sono le determinazioni a priori delle categorie rispetto alla possibilità dell’esperienza come tale. Esse sono anche le proposizioni trascendentali e sintetiche che nella Disciplina della ragion pura della Dottrina del metodo Kant individua come l’oggetto della dimostrazione trascendentale pertinente alla filosofia, in virtù del suo caratteresintetico. Scopo dell’articolo è considerare il potere ostensivo affatto unico e decisivo per la Critica della ragion pura proprio della dimostrazione trascendentale delle proposizioni pure sintetiche.
KANT, MORITZ E LA "MAGAZIN ZUR ERFAHRUNGS-SEELENKUNDE"
Authors: SPEZZAPRIA Mario
Published: June 2020

La rivista berlinese Magazin zur Erfahrungs-Seelenkunde (1783-1793), fondata da Karl Philipp Moritz per raccogliereosservazioni e riflessioni empiriche – nel solco della tradizione della psicologia empirica wolffiana – si riallacciava alle indagini sulle relazioni corpo-anima svolte in ambiente medico-antropologico, e più in generale al grande dibattito sulla Menschbestimmung. Tali ricerche erano note a Kant, che ne accennava nelle sue lezioni d’antropologia; tuttavia, poiché aveva sviluppato un nuovo approccio pragmatico all’antropologia, e superato la vecchia metafisica grazie alla filosofia critico-trascendentale, egli non accoglieva l’invito di Moritz a diffondere la Magazin a Königsberg.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACOUSTIC SCREEN ABSORBING PROPERTIES BASED ON THE HELMHOLTZ RESONATOR
Authors: Bulkin Vladislav , Sereda Sergey , Kalinichenko Marina
Published: June 2020

The article deals with the problem of reducing noise from highways. The aim of the work is a more detailed study of the acoustic screen potential based on the Helmholtz resonator, in particular, the possibility of using such a screen to reduce the noise level in the area in front of the screen. The main task solved in this article is to determine, by experimental and analytical methods, the amplitude-frequency characteristic of a noise-absorbing screen installed in an acoustic chamber. The results of measurements of the sound pressure level at various frequencies in the area in front of the screen are presented. A comparison of the obtained values of the reflected noise for cases of a screen with resonators without filling and with noise protection material filling with the results obtained by analyzing the sound pressure level with a continuous screen is given. The conclusion is made about the possibility of solving the problem of noise level reduction in the areas of possible location of people using such screens.
EVALUATION OF NOISE OF THE MOSCOW METRO
Authors: Lagutina Nataliya , Novikov Alexander , Sumarukova Olga
Published: June 2020

Moscow Metro is a major transport system in Moscow. Moscow Metro ranks sixth in the utilization rate top list, being behind the metro of Beijing, Tokyo, Shanghai, Seoul, Guangzhou, and seventh in the length top list of lines operated. On average, over 7 million passengers use the metro every day; on weekdays, the number of passengers exceeds 9 million – the highest rate in the world. More than 11 thousand trains pass through the 14 lines of metro every day. An acoustic (noise) impact has a systemic effect on the human body. Primarily, it suppresses the central nervous system, diminishes hearing dramatically, and provoke a number of occupational diseases. This paper presents historical aspects of the Moscow Metro formation, prerequisites for the long-term development program. The noise effect of the 30s of the last century and the modern state are compared. Such kind of study is quite important and will promote designing of the new “low-noise” cars in the future.
Disparities in Opioid Use Disorder Treatment Admissions in the United States
Authors: Mallow Peter , Mercado Michael , Topmiller Michael
Published: June 2020

Objectives: The Cincinnati region has been at the epicenter of the nation’s unfolding opioid epidemic. The objectives of this study were twofold: (1) to compare the Cincinnati region to the United States in length of time to obtain treatment and planned medication-assisted therapy for the treatment for opioid use disorder (OUD); and (2) to assess racial disparities within the Cincinnati region in wait time and type of treatment. Methods: The 2017 Treatment Episode Data Set: Admissions (TEDS-A) from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) was used to identify a cohort of eligible individuals with a primary substance use of opioids, including opioid derivatives. Logistic regression models were performed to assess the differences for treatment wait time and type of planned treatment. Model covariates included patient demographics and socioeconomic characteristics. Three different models were performed to assess the influence of covariates of the outcomes. Results: There were 678 766 US and 3298 Cincinnati region individuals admitted for OUD treatment in 2017. The rate per 1000 for treatment admissions was 2.08 and 1.51 (P value < 0.0001) for the United States and Cincinnati, respectively. The fully saturated regression results found that the odds of Cincinnati individuals receiving planned medication-assisted therapy were 0.497 (95% CI, 0.451–0.546; P value < 0.001). The odds of waiting longer for treatment in Cincinnati were higher than in the United States as a whole: 2.33 (95% CI, 2.19–2.48; P value < 0.001). In Cincinnati, there were 3102 Caucasian, 123 African American, and 73 Other admissions. The fully saturated model results found that Caucasians and Other had an increased likelihood of receiving planned medication-assisted therapy (OR 1.89, P value 0.039; OR 7.07, P value 0.002, respectively) compared to African Americans. Within Cincinnati, there was not a statistically significant difference in the likelihood of waiting time to receive treatment by race. Conclusion: Individuals seeking treatment for OUD in Cincinnati were less likely to receive planned medication-assisted therapy and were more likely to wait longer than individuals in the United States as a whole. These results suggest that the demand for treatment is greater than the supply in Cincinnati. Within Cincinnati, there does not appear to be a racial disparity in treatment type or length of time to receive treatment for OUD.
BERPIKIR KRITIS DALAM PEMECAHAN MASALAH OPEN-ENDED DITINJAU DARI KECEMASAN MATEMATIKA
Authors: Rowldotul jannah Renata nurlaily , Wicaksana Priza T. S. , Kartikasari Linda , Fiangga Shofan
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tahap berpikir kritis siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal open-ended dilihat dari tingkat kecemasan siswa. Penelitian diawali karena adanya siswa di sekolah yang sering merasa takut atau muncul kegelisahan ketika bertemu dengan pelajaran matematika. Akibatnya siswa belum dapat maksimal memecahkan suatu masalah matematika yang diberikan guru saat dikelas. Kecemasan siswa dalam matematika adalah perasaan siswa yang muncul karena siswa kurang tertarik terhadap pelajaran matematika. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek penelitian adalah tiga siswa dengan kemampuan berpikir kritis dan masing-masing memiliki tingkat kecemasan rendah, sedang, dan tinggi. Analisis data dilakukan secara kualitatif dengan langkah : reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa siswa berkategori rendah lebih mampu melakukan perencanaan masalah dan merumuskan strategi penyelesaian masalah dibandingkan siswa berkategori tinggi dan sedang.
SHAPING OF DUCTILE CAST IRON DEDICATED FOR SLAG LADLE
Authors: Szczęsny Andrzej , Dariusz Kopyciński  , Edward Guzik  , Soból Grzegorz , Piotrowski Krzysztof , Bednarczyk Paweł , Paul Władysław
Published: June 2020

In industrial conditions, ductile iron was prepared and two molds were made, in which a 600mm thick plate was formed. Filling system for one mold was placed vertically and for the second -horizontally. In order to obtain cooling curves, "S" type thermocouples have been placed in the mold. After cooling the casts, the samples from the fixing points of thermocouples were cut by the trepanning method. In the "vertical" cast sample shrinkage porosity was observed, while in the "horizontal" cast sample no porosity was detected. A significant difference in the recorded temperature in the center of the casts was discovered, indicating a defect in "vertical" cast.
BORON CARBIDE BASED CERAMIC COMPOSITES HOT PRESSED WITH ALUMINIUM ADDITIVE
Authors: Švec Pavol , Gábrišová Zuzana , Brusilová Alena , Čaplovič Ľubomír
Published: June 2020

Ceramic composite materials consisting of B4C matrix and Al8B4C7 secondary phase were prepared by in situ reactive sintering of the initial powder mixture B4C-Al with concentration from 5 to 25 wt.% Al sintering additives. The composite samples were hot pressed at the temperature of 1850 °C, pressure of 35 MPa, for 15 min in a vacuum atmosphere. The portion of Al8B4C7 secondary phase increased from 3.3 to 22.1 wt.% when increasing the concentration of Al sintering additive from 5 to 25 wt.% Al. Significant improving of densification and mechanical properties was measured at increasing of Al sintering additive concentration from 5 to 10 wt.% Al. The highest average hardness of 28.74 GPa was achieved when adding 15 wt.% Al sintering additive. The fracture toughness increased with concentration of Al sintering additive in whole concentration range with the highest average value of 5.92 MPa.m1/2 at 25 wt.% Al sintering additives.
DRY SLIDING WEAR AND SURFACE MORPHOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF AN ALUMINIUM MATRIX COMPOSITE REINFORCED WITH PALM KERNEL SHELL
Authors: Edoziuno Francis Odikpo , Odoni Benjamin Ufuoma , Alo Francis Ireti , Nwaeju Cynthia Chinasa
Published: June 2020

The wear resistance and microstructural features of aluminum AA6063 based composites reinforced with seven different mass fractions of palm kernel shell particles (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15wt%) fabricated by stir-casting, were characterized using pin-on-disk tribometer, optical microscope, and ImageJ package. ImageJ particle analysis revealed both the particle size and shape descriptors for the composites' microstructural features. The average grain sizes of all the composites were higher than that of the unreinforced AA6063 matrix. Wear tests conducted under dry sliding condition show that the volume reduction and specific wear rate increased to a maximum at 5wt% PKS addition and then decreased to the lowest level at 10wt% PKS. Subsequent addition of PKS above 10wt% yielded a further increase in the composites volume loss and specific wear rate. Composite sample reinforced with 10wt% PKS exhibited wear resistance response better than that of the unreinforced alloy. Image analysis afforded a comprehensive understanding of the microstructural features of the composites which influenced their behaviors.
The Geography of New Technologies
Authors: Bloom Nicholas , Hassan Tarek A. , Kalyani Aakash , Lerner Josh , Tahoun Ahmed
Published: June 2020

We identify novel technologies using textual analysis of earnings conference calls,
newspapers, announcements, and patents. Our approach enables us to document the rollout of 20 new technologies across firms and labor markets in the U.S. Four stylized facts emerge from our data. First, as technologies develop, the number of new positions related to them grows, but the average education requirements and wage levels of the positions drop. Second, as technologies develop, their employment impact diffuses across the country: initially, technologies are concentrated in local hubs, but over time, their adoption diffuses geographically. Third, despite this diffusion, the initial hubs retain a disproportionate share employment in the technology, particularly at the high-skill end of the spectrum. Finally, technology hubs are more likely to arise in areas with universities and high skilled labor pools.