bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimise model risk management oversight for cyber security solutions
Authors: Brotcke Liming
Published: July 2024

Adoption of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML)-powered cyber security tools and models by financial institutions has received considerable attention in the model risk management community. In parallel, developing trustworthy AI that is more explainable, fair, robust, private and transparent has also received considerable research and regulatory attention. Appropriate governing of cyber security models is inevitable. The prevailing thought at present is to have the model risk management function to oversee the development, implementation and use of such cyber security tools and models. This study first demonstrates two primary challenges of executing this oversight and then offers a few practical suggestions to ensure a reasonable application.
Can we measure the impact of new navigation procedure implementation? A simultaneous equations model approach
Authors: Diana Tony , Moskowitz Stephen
Published: July 2024

The Next Generation Air Transportation System or ‘NextGen’ is a series of programmes designed to transition the National Airspace System from a radar-based, air traffic controlled system to a satellite-based, air traffic managed system. NextGen programmes aim to improve the efficiency and predictability of gate-to-gate operations. They are also designed to support capacity management at large, congested airports and to foster better access in and out of busy metropolitan areas where the proximity of commercial and general aviation airports may create some challenges for air traffic controllers in approach and departure paths. This paper measures changes in four endogenous delay-related variables based on flight plan (on-time gate arrival, airborne, taxi-out and block delays) that affect different phases of a flight (arrival, en route, surface movement and gate-to-gate) when ceiling and visibility are in instrument meteorological conditions. Because of the interdependence of the variables in explaining performance outcomes, this study compares an ordinary least squares model with two-stage and three-stage least squares models to evaluate changes at Houston George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH) after the implementation of new procedures and routes on 29th May, 2014. Average excess miles flown and gate arrival delays represented the impact multipliers that affected the most the four endogenous variables before and after the implementation of new procedures and routes.
Housing in London: The potential of land owned by transport authorities
Authors: De Cani Richard
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the relationship between transport and housing and examines the opportunity for using transport and rail stations in particular as a focal point for housing development. In doing so it considers the potential changes in planning policy and regulation that would be required to facilitate this and the scale of opportunity that exists.
EASA's new fields of competence in the certification of aerodromes
Authors: Uva Rita Sousa
Published: July 2024

With the creation of the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) in 2002, the legal framework applicable to operating requirements in European Union (EU) aviation has been remarkably transformed. Today, EASA covers practically all fields of aviation in the EU, and aerodromes, as well as the air navigation service providers, are no longer exceptions. After the controversial yet successful eradication of the Joint Aviation Authorities (JAA), EASA has become the technical regulator in the European aviation arena, with a complex legal obligation to cooperate with the EU, its member states, former JAA members, the European Commission as guardian of the treaties and last, but not least, the International Civil Aviation Authority. Until 2012, new binding operating and certification requirements will apply to most aerodromes within the EU. Only time will tell whether this policy will bring about enhanced levels of safety.
Tools and technologies for enhancing access to audiovisual archives: The Singapore journey
Authors: Phang Lai Tee , Soh Wai Yee
Published: July 2024

The AudioVisual Archives Department of the National Archives of Singapore (NAS) appraises and acquires audiovisual (AV) records of national, historical and socio-cultural significance, and preserves and documents such records that are transferred to NAS. It also manages the prioritisation and digitisation of at-risk AV formats to ensure that valuable content remains accessible to future generations. When NAS was transferred to the National Library Board (NLB) in 2012, it opened up possibilities for NAS to leverage NLB's IT infrastructure to differentiate, manage and provide access to AV content with a variety of access restrictions. This paper focuses on NAS's experiences in working with library colleagues to deliver AV innovations, such as data harmonisation and linkages across different descriptive frameworks and systems; testing out new technologies, such as voice-to-text transcription and Mahout, to enhance the searchability and accessibility of the AV archives; and developing partnerships to extend the reach of the AV archives. The various measures, coupled with heightened public interest during Singapore's 50th anniversary as a nation and the passing of its founding Prime Minister in 2015, resulted in an average increase in access to the AV archives of 300 per cent over 2014 and 2015.
Solid municipal waste audit analyses at Denver International Airport
Authors: Williams Jerry , Katz Stacy
Published: July 2024

Abstract In its 2013 Strategic Plan, Denver International Airport (DIA) set a goal of decreasing its amount of waste sent to landfill by 10 per cent over the next five years using DIA’s 2012 landfill waste as a baseline. An audit of DIA’s solid municipal waste stream was conducted to analyse DIA’s current waste streams, to identify how far DIA is from reaching its landfill diversion goal, and to provide recommendations and solutions that would enable DIA to move closer to its strategic waste diversion goal. This paper describes, analyses and draws conclusions from a comprehensive assessment of waste generated at DIA from the following areas: Airport Office Building (AOB)/Main Terminal; Concourses A, B and C; East & West Overflow Parking; Air Cargo; and Maintenance. The assessment, which was conducted from 21st to 24th June, 2010, sampled 20 loads (totalling 1,464.9 kg) collected from compacted trash delivered from the aforementioned locations. Samples were sorted into 31 material types (organised into seven overarching categories). Weights obtained from the sorts were used to evaluate the effectiveness of DIA’s current recycling programmes and to identify areas for improving both the current and future recycling programmes and for identifying potential savings opportunities associated with waste diversion strategies. Based on sample results, the assessment revealed that DIA has an opportunity to decrease the amount of waste sent to landfill by over 62 per cent. The waste audit revealed that up to 3,281.3 metric tons of recyclables (29.8 per cent of the solid waste stream) on an annual basis was sent to landfill instead of being diverted to the existing single-stream recycling programme, as well as 24.5 metric tons (0.2 per cent) of recyclable e-waste and 97.0 metric tons (0.9 per cent) of construction and demolition (C&D) materials. In addition, on an annual basis, DIA has the potential to divert up to 3,187 metric tons (28.9 per cent) of its organics by expanding its current composting programme to include pre-consumer and post-consumer waste throughout the entire airport. Finally, DIA could potentially divert an additional 173.6 metric tons (2.4 per cent) annually by implementing new diversion programmes.
Localism and changes to the planning system: What the building surveyor should be aware of and how they can make the system work for their clients
Authors: Brooke-Smith Louise
Published: July 2024

‘Localism’ has been one of those concepts that have actually been around for some time — but no one had realised the political capital until the coalition saw the merits of mixing planning and the community. As a combination, such a mix could be the making of the country; or it could simply create a system that further frustrates the much-maligned development industry. This paper looks at how the planning system has been influenced by the Localism Act six months after its enactment and further to its boost by the government's simplified national planning guidance. Is the planning system an easier beast to deal with, and has the red tape diminished? Well, the sentiment is welcomed, but the practice is a little more difficult to shout about. Too early, some may cry — but the government is half-way through its term and people want to see changes, not just hear about them. The encouragement for neighbourhood planning, which aims to bring planning decisions back to the local level, is working slowly where funds have been made available to local groups motivated to shape their environment, but this is ad hoc. As envisaged, those with time on their hands and funds to call on are making the most of the opportunity. But this is resulting in a patchwork of activity. The articulate middle classes are keen to capitalise on the new regulations but, as sadly anticipated, this has generally been as a means to resist excessive development rather than embrace development which may not be to their liking. After all, how many communities would welcome a waste transfer station on their doorstep, or a high level of social housing, when historic prejudices will take some time to address. Perhaps it is not surprising that some are seeing the neighbourhood regulations as a PR exercise frustrating rather than encouraging construction. So given that context, are there issues that a building surveyor should be aware of, and if so, how can they make the system work for their clients?
From panic to pragmatism: De-escalating and managing commercial data breaches
Authors: Thomas Liisa , Thomson Amber C.
Published: July 2024

Every day, it seems, a new data breach or cyberattack is being reported. As companies struggle to keep up with increasingly sophisticated attacks, the role of the cyber attorney has risen in prominence. Companies that are unprepared to deal with privacy and security risks rely more and more on external legal counsel to manage their entire breach remediation process. Companies also rely on legal counsel to deal with panicked stakeholders. This paper provides a high-level overview and pragmatic approach to data breach containment, notification and post-notification inquiries.
An overview of damp remediation measures practised by building occupants in Ghana
Authors: Agyekum Kofi , Ayarkwa Joshua , Koranteng Christian , Adinyira Emmanuel
Published: July 2024

A structured questionnaire survey was conducted on building occupants of 5,100 residential buildings affected by dampness in 11 major towns in four climatic zones in Ghana to identify the level of practice of some damp remediation measures. On-site building observations and face-to-face interviews with inhabitants were also carried out by trained assessors to document these measures through photographs. The findings showed that the use of damp proof courses and membranes, construction of aprons at the base of walls, patching of wall bases and tiling of wall bases are damp remediation measures frequently practised by building occupants in Ghana. With the exception of damp proof courses and membranes, the effectiveness of these methods has not yet been proved and they are not permanent solutions to address the problem of dampness. As a result, there is still an urgent need for concerted efforts to find effective remediation measures to address the problem of dampness.
High-impact testing that inspires action
Authors: Kroll Valerie , Hoyer Julie Shallman
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines a simple framework for data storytelling that communicates experimentation programme test results focused on stakeholder actionability rather than test performance. This framework can be applied both as a narrative and a visualisation guide within a company’s existing analytics tool. Its benefits for a business mirror the true returns from investing in an experimentation programme — not the percentage lift of a single test treatment, but the application of test results to how the business might de-risk decision-making, optimise marketing efforts, or prioritise its product roadmap. This approach supports experimentation maturity by (1) giving stakeholders access to test learnings, (2) sharing how stakeholders can use learnings, (3) building institutional intuition of how to talk to different customer audiences or develop new products/features, (4) enabling insights to guide next right actions, and (5) helping others understand the potential application of experimentation and the benefits of testing.
Transaction banking: New opportunities to spot
Authors: Rhino Christian
Published: July 2024

Payments are essential for the functioning of the global economy and banks have done well from payments ever since the establishment of organised banking in the 15th century. Times have changed, however. New players have entered the market, some banks have abandoned payments as the rules and regulations have become more complex, and payments have increasingly been seen as a commodity, even comparable with the public good. For banks not to lose ground, they can look at smart possibilities to provide good service to their customers while dealing with limited resources. This paper suggests three opportunities: sourcing with a layered approach, with only individual processing steps in the value chain to reduce and share cost; co-strategies, managing the four Cos (connectivity, coopetition, collaboration and co-creation); and re-evaluation of products offered to achieve a good basis for a sound product line.
Airport drop-off and pick up charges in the United Kingdom: Will they come to the United States?
Authors: Nix Emma J. , Mundy Ray A.
Published: July 2024

As transportation network companies (TNC) such as Uber and Lyft drive a change in modern transport behaviours, fewer passengers pay for services such as parking or commercial vehicle drop-off at airports; meaning, what once was a primary revenue source for airports now has a tenuous future. Therefore, airports must find a way to counterbalance the revenue losses created by these changes. One such solution has been on the rise in the united kingdom. With airport drop-off and pick-up charges, private vehicles must pay for the convenience of loading or unloading passengers at the airport entrance. Not only does this practice have the potential to generate millions of dollars in annual revenue, but it also offers a remedy for other maladies, such as congestion and safety issues on airport roads. This paper examines the effects the drop-off and pick-up charges have had in the United Kingdom and explores what US airports might expect should they too adopt the practice.
Managing global property portfolios, transactions and teams : A primer for corporate real estate executives – Part 1
Authors: Hagy James
Published: July 2024

More than ever, corporate real estate (CRE) executives and their advisers are afforded the opportunity to coordinate projects in markets unfamiliar to them. This paper discusses the reader’s commitment to the site and the economic investment you have made to the property and to the business. In many cases this may be dependent upon the ability to exit later in a way that allows corporate real estate (CRE) executives to derive residual value rather than to abandon their investments. Its aim is to inform CRE executives’ questions and to encourage them to educate themselves about the faraway location of their next property investment, and to expand their peripheral vision.
Sponsorship, engagement and the student experience
Authors: Casey Ros
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the use of sponsorship by a university and through case studies shows how it can be an important tool to improve the student experience. It provides insights into the importance of matching the sponsorship to the core business of the university and the imperative of the alignment of values. While universities, as places of education and research, are most often the beneficiaries of philanthropy, grants and sponsorship, they are also large businesses operating in a competitive environment and they have a need to promote themselves in the market, using the full array of business tools including sponsorship. To gain the most from an investment in sponsorship it is worth looking beyond what is immediately on offer to see what the possibilities might be. As a university’s highest priority must be its students, it makes sense that, even when utilising a business marketing tool such as sponsorship, it should seek to leverage benefits for its students.
Restrictive covenants on land: Common examples of restrictive covenants and the challenges of dealing with them on freehold land
Authors: Patel Arti
Published: July 2024

This article aims to provide a broad overview of restrictive covenants, focusing on some common examples, when they will be deemed valid, and various statutory and non-statutory means of dealing with them on freehold land. The article also touches on how the Courts and Upper Tribunal assess claims to alter or modify restrictive covenants and how they assess damages and award compensation to objectors. Part of the article also considers the effect of having planning permission on restrictive covenants.
The effects and risks of quantitative easing
Authors: Mortimer-Lee Paul
Published: July 2024

Quantitative easing (QE) comes in many forms, each tailored to the specific needs of the region in question. What they all have in common, though, is that they are the result of the failure of conventional policy to deliver the outcomes policymakers want. There are many risks associated with unconventional tools such as QE and a number of drawbacks. But central banks around the world have taken risks with the future in a bid to avoid adverse consequences today or tomorrow. They hope that by the time QE draws to an end, they, the markets, the financial system and the wider economy will be able to manage those risks effectively. Whether they can remains to be seen.
The marketing performance credibility gap: The growing importance of developing financially credible measures of the contribution of marketing to enterprise value, profits and growth
Authors: Rogers Bruce H.
Published: July 2024

This paper outlines the steps marketing leaders must take to increase their credibility with their chief executives and boards by better connecting marketing investments to enterprise value. Based on Forbes’ extensive quantitative and qualitative research among world-leading chief marketing officers, the paper presents a perspective on the steps taken by best-in-class marketers to better align their marketing investments to achieve both short and long-term business growth, while building brand value.
Case study: The shift from in-person to virtual Homecoming and how to create a trending success
Authors: Andreana Lisa , Frangakis Steve
Published: July 2024

In 2020 and 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic had an impact on alumni relations activity and programming in myriad of ways. At Wilfrid Laurier University in 2020, the flagship alumni relations engagement event, Homecoming, risked cancellation in light of current public safety guidelines. Alumni professionals know an event the size of Homecoming takes months to plan. With the start of the pandemic in March 2020, the plans and the vision for Laurier's Homecoming 2020 were quickly derailed. This paper offers insight into how a medium-sized public university in Canada flourishedin its pandemic Homecoming adaptation. We share thoughts on how to rethink, repurpose and reconsider events in different formats.
General meeting-related processes in Italy: The role of listed companies, intermediaries and central securities depositories in light of recent EU developments
Authors: Di Noia Carmine , Gargantini Matteo , Lo Giudice Salvatore
Published: July 2024

Over recent years — starting with the preliminary report of the 'Committee of Wise Men' — the post-trading industry has been at the centre of unprecedented attention in the European Union (EU). This paper provides an overview of the current EU initiative in the field, including the Code of Conduct for Clearing and Settlement, then goes on to describe the Italian system for general meetings (GM)-related corporate action management, under which common standards for electronic processing have been jointly developed by issuers and intermediaries, in order to exploit straight-through processing (STP).
Cash correspondent bank monitoring: The industry aligns in response
Authors: Duggan Derek
Published: July 2024

Recent years have seen a series of scandals in the transaction banking industry, with several groups falling foul of anti-money laundering regulation, sanction busting and other systemic failures. Regulators are now responding to these failures, requiring banks to perform third-party oversight of their correspondent bank agents, and banks are scrambling to put monitoring programmes in place — with mixed success. In this paper, the author discusses why banks should be monitoring their cash agent banks, which operational risks they should look out for and how the industry has worked together to mutualise a service solution. A working group of 25 of the leading banking groups globally defined a managed services solution to meet their regulatory and commercial obligations and facilitate a comprehensive benchmarking capability of service providers. The service, which is managed by Thomas Murray specialists, incorporates document follow-up, response completion support and, where applicable, site visits to respondent banks to support participation. The reporting is an operational risk assessment per bank, benchmark analytics (by market, currency, regionally and globally), and market profiles along with ongoing surveillance monitoring. With this industry initiative, the lack of cash correspondent banking scrutiny, especially in today’s remote operational environment, has collectively been addressed.
Managing digital asset metadata: The value of flexible metadata models
Authors: Hess Demian
Published: July 2024

Digital asset metadata cannot be represented by a single, unchanging metadata model and schema, because the metadata are too variable, complex, and change too rapidly. Data architects need to embrace flexible models that allow metadata to vary across asset types and that can accommodate changes to the underlying schema. While such flexible models can be implemented using traditional relational databases, they are generally easier to achieve with document and graph-oriented databases.
Native advertising: A close look at an emerging advertising unit
Authors: Kamerer David
Published: July 2024

This paper is a content analysis of a random sample of in-feed native advertising, as curated by the Sharethrough Native Advertising Leaderboard. A native advert is paid content that looks like publisher content and is served in the same feed. Native adverts can earn premium prices for publishers, while giving advertisers a ‘lean in’ format that online readers may actually enjoy. What are these native adverts like? They utilised a mixture of assets including text (almost all), photos (an average of five), videos (almost half had one or more), interactive elements (20 per cent) and GIFs. Only 75 percent of adverts were disclosed. There is no standard for words, placement or graphic treatments used to communicate the disclosure. The adverts also used diverse persuasive approaches. Thirty-four per cent of adverts in the sample contained either no mentions of the brand or just one mention. While some adverts were written with clear calls to action, a few had none and two-thirds had only one. Many of the native adverts used contemporary persuasive appeals, such as ‘click bait’, or teasing the reader to click to gain access to content. Only a few used traditional descriptive headlines.
World Bank procurement approaches: Overcoming supply chain challenges in the Pacific
Authors: Osborne Michael , Berroa Diomedes
Published: July 2024

This paper explores the nexus of supply chain management (SCM) challenges and explains both the impact of recent global trends and the long-standing susceptibilities in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The paper also discusses how these supply chain challenges exacerbate difficulties in procuring infrastructure investment projects. Finally, the paper summarises the practical solutions the Bank is pursuing through its procurement practices as an entry point for addressing supply chain management constraints. Supply chain disruptions had global repercussions in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic and still present potential risks given on-going economic and geopolitical uncertainties. These challenges have come on top of long-standing supply chain difficulties in logistically complicated remote markets such as the Pacific Islands. Businesses operating in that environment contend with high logistics costs and transport expenses, which can be further exacerbated by volatile fuel prices. For contractors undertaking transportation works, there are added risks such as volatility in commodity markets for raw materials such as steel. Mobilisation costs to the Pacific Islands are also high, especially when contractors must transport equipment, goods, and potentially labour from abroad. This is on top of the significant risk of adverse weather events, with works being highly susceptible to flooding and extreme weather due to their location near coastlines. This high risk is difficult to insure, and bidders often struggle to obtain adequate insurance for their projects. Ultimately, the combination of supply chain issues, localised risks and small contract values have contributed to price escalation and weak market response to works procurements in Pacific Island Countries (PICs). The weak market response also reflects a tightening supplier market, as construction companies focus on more attractive projects within the large pipeline of domestic infrastructure projects in countries such as Australia and New Zealand. The World Bank and borrowers (client countries) are addressing this challenge through procurement approaches intended to make projects more attractive to bidders. Outreach on the consolidated pipeline of infrastructure projects in PICs highlights the opportunity for repeat business; a sequence of projects in the same location helps offset high mobilisation costs. Similarly, the Bank informs bidders of opportunities for local subcontracting or joint ventures, which can offset mobilisation costs and facilitate access to local labour. Tenders can also make greater use of rated criteria, which place emphasis on past performance, quality and sustainability factors. Finally, greater use of phased approaches and provisional sums can help to spread price risk more effectively over long duration contracts where clear information on future costs is not available. In the context of global uncertainty, this can offset price risk for outyear items.
Using human emotion as a conduit for connection in branding and advertising
Authors: Racine Justin
Published: July 2024

Traditionally, advertising and marketing have been seen as ‘manipulative, deceptive, and evil’ — when commercials appear on television, people change the channel. When commercials come on the radio, people change the station to try and find music. In today’s world, the traditional model of advertising is dismissed by most consumers. There are underlying subconscious elements, however, that we cannot consciously see but can utilise within marketing and branding. The subconscious areas of the human mind can be leveraged in a way that evokes human emotion to effectively target and build a brand that consumers are proactively looking to engage with. With the introduction of social media, influencers and what I like to call ‘woke advertising’ brands are effectively using ‘emotion’ as a tool to connect with their target audience and not merely create new customers but create customers who are proactively connecting with that brand. It is this emotional connection that allows the brand to take on ‘human-like’ qualities within the eyes of the consumer and create a bond and connection that allow consumers to proactively engage with the brand and create a long-lasting emotional hook. This paper examines how the introduction of new technology and social media allows consumers to ‘talk back’ with brands and have dialogues that create an opportunity for brands to take on human-like characteristics.
More resilient, better managed, less complex: Strengthening FMUs and linkages in the system
Authors: Dahlgren Sarah
Published: July 2024

The 2008 financial crisis made it clear that financial stability involves not only the safety and soundness of banks, but of many different types of financial institutions such as insurance companies, financial market utilities (FMUs) and other non-bank financial firms. Today, we have a much keener appreciation of how financial stability is dependent on the strength of financial institutions and on the soundness of the interconnections between, and across, firms. Recognising these connections, the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 expanded the Federal Reserve’s supervisory authority to include a broader range of financial institutions, including bank holding companies, insurance companies, savings and loan holding companies, and some FMUs. Although these institutions differ in many ways, the over-arching supervisory goals remain the same: firms need to be more resilient to shocks; better managed, with governance structures in place to establish the appropriate decision-making processes, behaviours and incentives within firms; and less complex, with credible mechanisms in place for resolution without causing systemic disruption across the financial system.
Meaningful data products: Custodians enhance their solutions
Authors: Cuthbertson Ryan
Published: July 2024

Client requirements are fundamentally changing, and this is forcing custodian banks to think more laterally about how they deliver services to customers. Increasingly, custodians are scoping out new ways of sharing meaningful and thoughtful data sets with clients as seamlessly as possible through an array of different transmission methods, including application programming interfaces (APIs) and SWIFT, among others. This paper outlines some of the data solutions that custodians are developing, together with how clients are benefiting from them in areas such as settlement efficiency, market access, and environment, social, governance (ESG) investing. The paper also notes, however, that data solutions are not without their challenges. Custodians’ banks will need to ensure that the data they disseminate to clients is accurate, secure, and is not so detailed that it completely overwhelms the end users. Elsewhere, the absence of comprehensive data regulation has prompted some market participants to push for the adoption of data standards, but this is not straightforward. A balance is, however, required on standardisation so that it does not undermine innovation, a theme that the paper explores in depth. This paper is essential reading for market leaders in the custody world who are looking to strengthen and deepen their data capabilities for clients.
The European Automated Clearing Association and the role of clearing and settlement mechanisms in Europe’s evolving payments landscape
Authors: Beltrán José M. , Bär Fred
Published: July 2024

This paper presents a concise history of the Single Euro Payments Area (SEPA), with particular emphasis on its impacts on clearing and settlement practices, and on the role of the European Automated Clearing Association as a forum to support the standardisation, harmonisation and consolidation of European payment systems. The paper provides policymakers, scholars and practitioners with an introductory overview, and will help readers, especially those new to SEPA, to understand both its history and more recent developments in the euro area. The conclusions highlight the indispensable role of clearing and settlement infrastructures as a backbone for the payment services delivered by banks, as well as the importance of collaboration for infrastructural evolution.
Why payment systems matter to financial inclusion: Examining the role of social cash transfers
Authors: Dancey Kim
Published: July 2024

There is growing realisation that financial inclusion and social inclusion are part of the same effort. As a result, financial inclusion has become a policy priority for many governments, seeing this as a complement to financial stability, and viewing financial exclusion as a risk to financial integrity. Advances in understanding the drivers of poverty and developments in technology provide new opportunities to governments to address the fight against poverty and meet the objectives of financial inclusion. One of the most successful tools in the fight against poverty is social protection via cash transfers. These regular payments of money, provided by the government, assist in decreasing chronic or shock-induced poverty and reduce economic vulnerability. Where social cash transfers are national public policy, the objective is to provide safety, transparency and cost efficiency in the delivery of the cash transfers. Government agencies delivering the cash transfers seek the means to lower the processing costs, reduce fraud and leakage, as well as improve access for the financially underserved. For the recipient, there is a need for safety and control over the funds, convenient access and reliable payment methods. As a result there is a strong argument in favour of leveraging the technological advances in financial services with government payment programmes to promote financial inclusion.
Achieving velocity in digital banking: Focusing on complexity reduction, cloud-first and AI-first solution design
Authors: Hansen Kris
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the factors that contribute to the velocity of software development related to digital banking platforms. The paper identifies research related to software complexity and applies this research to propose a scoring approach for managing code complexity as a means of increasing development velocity. Secondly, the paper outlines an approach for designing solutions which are anticipating cloud deployment and building learning models versus rules-based models to improve the agility and adaptability of digital banking platforms.
Have we gone too VAR? The forsaken side of risk management
Authors: Payant W. Randall
Published: July 2024

Financial institutions are reeling with unprecedented losses, much of which can be traced to the adoption of risk models and management techniques that failed the test of time. This paper comments on how bright portfolio managers got into this global calamity, what was overlooked, and steps the profession can take to foster improved decision making. According to Randall Payant, the time is now for risk professionals to reexamine the foundation of their beliefs about risk taking. Doing so should allow for a better understanding of how to improve the management process that can help avoid future economic disasters.
The European Commission goes ‘cloud first’: A roadmap towards trusted cloud adoption to seize the opportunities of digital transformation for EU institutions and agencies
Authors: Ducatel Ken , Michlmayr Thomas , Merle Philippe , Baskovc Dalibor , Mestre François
Published: July 2024

Cloud computing is likely to be taken up extensively by governmental organisations in the coming years, including the European Commission (EC), Parliament, Council and other EU institutions (EUIs), as well as EU executive or decentralised agencies and other EU bodies.1 On 21st November, 2018, the EC adopted a digital strategy (ECDS) with the double objective to transform the Commission into a user-focused and data-driven organisation. Building on the conclusions of the Tallinn Digital Summit in September 2017, this strategy recognised the need for the public sector to seize the opportunities offered by digital technologies and to accelerate the completion of the digital single market. Realising that cloud computing is already transforming the way to deliver state-of-the-art public services globally, the EC ambitions to become a data-driven administration by 2022. Digital strategy aims at a broad adoption of cloud computing by 2022, working closely with other EUIs and member states. This objective is framed by a cloud strategy for the EC. The main purpose of this paper is to provide the readers with a detailed analysis of the approach to information technology security taken by the European Commission’s Directorate General for Informatics (DIGIT) under its cloud strategy and by other EUIs in their cloud adoption. The adoption of cloud computing by EUIs takes place against the dual background of increasing pressure to become digitally enabled and a reinforced regulatory framework on personal data protection and information security. A common approach to cloud consumption will enable common strategies for compliance with legal requirements. The adoption of cloud computing by the EUIs also unfolds within a highly structured public procurement framework. DIGIT is planning to work within this framework using dynamic procurement models, which will enable access to a fast-evolving cloud computing market. Building on the experience of the first cloud framework contract (Cloud I), DIGIT is coordinating the preparation of the Cloud II framework contract to enable access for EUIs to the global market of cloud providers from 2020. With DIGIT serving as a broker, we will explore the challenges and opportunities that the European Commission is facing on its digital transformation path. This paper explains some of the lessons that the EUIs have learned from cloud experiments, from 2014 on through the Cloud I.
Comment Building a brand
Authors: Ward Jan
Published: July 2024

How do you build a brand that encompasses your vision for your company and then maintain its longevity? This comment piece explores the practicalities of establishing a strong, recognisable brand that is nurtured and respected throughout the company. Using good and bad examples of wellknown household names and the journey of how one company, Corrotherm International, has built and fostered its own brand globally.
The power of sustainability to create shared value: Coca-Cola demonstrates that doing good is good for business
Authors: Perez Bea
Published: July 2024

Many businesses today are still contemplating the decision to make investments in either community-based social good initiatives or in business operations. The reality is that one investment — in sustainability and in people and communities — can achieve return on investment for both. In fact, choosing to operate sustainably is becoming less of a choice and more of an imperative if brands are to remain relevant and companies are to grow. Coca-Cola is on a sustainability journey to grow its business while it makes a positive difference for people, communities and the environment. The journey is rigorous and requires strong partnerships, deep innovation and the commitment across the company to integrate sustainability into the business. It is how this 128-year-old company is connecting with consumers today and how it plans to remain relevant and trusted for the next 128 years.
Snow: Building a better all-hazards response
Authors: Gaynor Peter T.
Published: July 2024

Emergency managers are usually operating from one end of the disaster spectrum to the other. The spectrum starts at the low end with preparedness, training and exercises, going through minor incident responses, and then out to the far end, where major crisis response is required. The art of striking the right balance between routine priorities on one end, as well as training the emergency operations centre staff for a catastrophic incident on the opposite end, has always been a challenge. Exercises, testing and training move organisations to an operationally acceptable level, but getting beyond that point is difficult due to the infrequency of major disasters within a jurisdiction. The goal of this paper is to offer insight in order to identify and leverage non-traditional opportunities in preparing for the next catastrophic incident. This paper will use as an example snow clearing and removal operations to demonstrate the challenges and long-term opportunities in better preparing emergency management organisations for responding to a major crisis. On conclusion, the reader will be more aware of potential opportunities that can be leveraged to build a more prepared response organisation and staff. The opportunity to conduct response operations in a low-threat, well-planned, generally slow-building incident like snow removal is an opportunity to hone skills in preparation for a catastrophic incident that most emergency managers spend a lifetime preparing for.
Large cargo freighter aeroplanes: Current industry trends
Authors: Arendt David , Wecker Alex
Published: July 2024

This paper assesses current trends for large cargo freighter aeroplanes. After first reviewing the impact on the freighter fleet of forecast growth in the airfreight market, the paper goes on to compare the freighter fleet available. More specifically, it shows how Cargolux Airlines has evaluated the new-generation widebody freighter aircraft available and sets out the reasons why Cargolux has opted for the B747-8F.
Brand versus portfolio: Using targeted marketing to drive individually relevant brand strategies
Authors: Sprigg Jim
Published: July 2024

This paper considers the complex task of driving engagement with a portfolio of brands, specifically when the ‘right’ brand strategy for one type of customer is not the best strategy for others. The author explores the case of a hospitality company with a portfolio of several brands, and a field experiment in which the company used a novel approach to promotional marketing to drive multiple brand strategies. Evidence suggests that the company was able to improve the perception of one brand within the portfolio, while simultaneously increasing cross-brand trial and utilisation. This paper describes the test-and-learn method created to measure the true influence of the promotion on incremental trial of hotels and brands, and how this approach has been expanded as part of an ongoing role of loyalty marketing to drive brand engagement. An important takeaway is a demonstration that data science and digital marketing can be harnessed to accentuate the role of brands and loyalty rather than to challenge them.
Breaking down university silos to build an innovative principal giving programme
Authors: Calvert Lisa D. , Hollenbeck Cynthia J. , Miles Victoria , Winfree Nickole
Published: July 2024

In 2017, under new leadership, the Washington State University Foundation (WSUF) reviewed its administrative organisation, internal and external communications, and fundraising processes in anticipation of its next major campaign. An internal task force assessed the foundation’s strengths, vulnerabilities and missed opportunities in an effort to maximise the university’s fundraising potential. The task force conducted a benchmarking study with WSU’s peer institutions that operate principal giving programmes. In reviewing this research, the WSUF discovered recurring themes and best practices across the multiple institutions. This paper discusses how the WSUF identified building a strong collaboration between leaders, academics, front-line fundraisers and support staff within a centralised, donor-centric principal giving programme as key to moving into a new era of philanthropy.
Logistics modelling: Improving resource management and public information strategies in Florida
Authors: Walsh Daniel M. , Van Groningen Chuck , Craig Brian
Published: July 2024

One of the most time-sensitive and logistically-challenging emergency response operations today is to provide mass prophylaxis to every man, woman and child in a community within 48 hours of a bioterrorism attack. To meet this challenge, federal, state and local public health departments in the USA have joined forces to develop, test and execute large-scale bioterrorism response plans. This preparedness and response effort is funded through the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s Cities Readiness Initiative, a programme dedicated to providing oral antibiotics to an entire population within 48 hours of a weaponised inhalation anthrax attack. This paper will demonstrate how the State of Florida used a logistics modelling tool to improve its CRI mass prophylaxis plans. Special focus will be on how logistics modelling strengthened Florida’s resource management policies and validated its public information strategies.
The role of commercial real estate in shaping our carbon future
Authors: Conway Lisa , Khoo Jon
Published: July 2024

The urgency of the ongoing climate crisis requires swift action from all industries. This includes commercial real estate as the building industry is responsible for nearly 39 per cent of annual global energy-related carbon emissions. It is critical that the real estate sector focuses on reducing both operational and embodied carbon emissions to effectively decarbonise our built spaces. This paper discusses the role that the commercial real estate sector plays in reversing global warming and the resources, tools and organisations already available for companies and individuals looking to begin to reduce their carbon footprint. It also details the two types of carbon emitted by our buildings and the importance of focusing on embodied carbon for substantial change. Readers will walk away with actionable steps they can take to lower the carbon footprint of commercial real estate.