bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prestack reservoir prediction method in ray parameter domain based on wide azimuth ocean bottom node seismic data
Authors: Jiangbo Huang , Jun Ming , Jianli Wang , Tongxing Xia , Chuanqi Liu
Published: September 2024

Wide azimuth seismic data play an important role in deep reservoir prediction. According to the Paleogene clastic rock reservoir prediction, the high‐density and wide azimuth 3D seismic data acquisition of ocean bottom nodes was first carried out in a Chinese offshore oilfield in 2019. After high precision amplitude‐preserving processing, we obtained the high‐quality wide azimuth gathers. However, the research on anisotropy and reservoir prediction using wide azimuth seismic data mainly focuses on carbonate and bedrock intervals, which is not suitable for clastic rock reservoir prediction. Therefore, this paper innovatively proposes a clastic rock reservoir prediction method, which studies prestack reservoir prediction in the ray parameter domain based on wide azimuth ocean bottom node seismic data. Based on the azimuth gathers, we can obtain elastic parameters through prestack amplitude versus offset inversion, which is used to characterize the reservoir, so it is significant to obtain high precision elastic parameters in order to get highly reliable reservoir prediction results. In this paper, we develop an amplitude versus offset inversion method based on the Bayesian theory in ray parameter domain, the output of which is density, P‐wave impedance and Vp/Vs. These elastic parameters have high precision, and density data are valuable input for reservoir characterization because they are sensitive to the lithology of clastic rock reservoir at different orientations. In ray parameter domain inversion, the ray path of seismic wave propagation is considered polyline, which is more consistent with the actual situation; thus, extracted amplitudes of P gathers used in inversion are more accurate. In addition, the reflection coefficient formula in ray parameter domain has higher precision when the incident angle is large. The inversion based on the Bayesian theory can improve the stability of the inversion. Test on the actual data shows that the result of ray parameter domain inversion with a Bayesian scheme is more accurate, stable and reliable. Based on the above high precision density inversion results, an innovative wide azimuth data reservoir prediction technology based on elliptical short‐axis fitting was proposed. The actual prediction of the deep reservoir in the Bohai oilfield shows that sand thickness fitting prediction results in the short axis can best match the actual drilling sandstone thickness. The coincidence rate is 86% and the short‐axis fitting results are more in agreement with geological laws. Theoretical research and practical applications have shown that this method is feasible and effective, with high prediction accuracy, computational efficiency and strong application value.
Court Disclosures of Firms in Chapter 11 Bankruptcy
Authors: Bastiaansen Ilona , Lerman Alina , Murphy Frank , Vyas Dushyant
Published: September 2024

Stakeholders in the Chapter 11 reorganization process face significant information uncertainty about the post‐emergence prospects of the firm. The U.S. Bankruptcy Code requires a debtor to provide a disclosure statement containing “adequate information” about its financial status and a proposed reorganization plan but stops short of rigidly defining the adequacy standard. We document the heterogeneity in disclosure statement information across 16 distinct attributes and examine the variation in disclosures along several dimensions that reflect agency costs and coordination problems. We observe that Chapter 11 disclosure correlates more with claimant‐ and case‐specific characteristics than pre‐bankruptcy debtor characteristics. Our results illustrate the importance of institutional features in specific disclosure settings such as bankruptcy court filings. The research questions and methods of this study were registered via the Journal of Accounting Research’s registration‐based editorial process.
Molecular characterization and immune association of Fas‐associated death domain protein (FADD) in Tenebrio molitor
Authors: Yun Keunho , Jang Ho Am , Patnaik Bharat Bhusan , Hwang Su Hyeon , Lee Yong Seok , Han Yeon Soo , Jo Yong Hun
Published: September 2024

Fas‐associated death domain protein (FADD) is an apoptotic adapter molecule that recruits caspases and facilitates the formation of death‐inducing signaling complexes in mammals. In lower animals, FADD forms a complex with immune deficiency and death‐related ced‐3/Nedd2‐like caspase to elicit antimicrobial responses. In this study, we characterized the FADD sequence of Tenebrio molitor (TmFADD) using molecular informatics to understand its role in immune surveillance of the host against microorganisms. The 618 bp open reading frame of TmFADD encodes a polypeptide of 204 amino acids. The protein includes two promiscuous domains, the death‐effector domain and the death domain, found at the N‐ and C‐termini, respectively. TmFADD is clustered with the coleopteran FADD sequences in the phylogenetic tree. Homology‐based structural analysis showed an α‐helical model with a QMEAN score of 0.58. The expression of TmFADD mRNA was conspicuous in the larval and early pupal stages. TmFADD mRNA was distributed in the immune tissues of the larva and was found predominately in the gut of the adult. Infection of the host with Candida albicans, Escherichia coli or Staphylococcus aureus increased the expression of TmFADD mRNA, suggesting that these microorganisms trigger the innate immunity of the host. The silencing of TmFADD transcripts resulted in an increased susceptibility of T. molitor larvae to infection with E. coli, but not to infection with C. albicans or S. aureus. Hence, these results indicate that FADD plays a role in the defense of T. molitor and could open avenues for understanding insect immunity.
Chemical composition and mosquitocidal potential of Gloriosa superba (flame lily) seed extract against the dengue mosquito Aedes aegypti and aquatic mosquito predators
Authors: Ramasamy Venkatachalam , Prakash Palanisamy , Vasantha‐Srinivasan Prabhakaran , Han Yeon Soo , Karthi Sengodan , Senthil‐Nathan Sengottayan , Gayathiri Ekambaram , Park Ki Beom , Umavathi Subramaniam
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the mosquitocidal potential of crude petroleum ether extract fractions derived from Gloriosa superba against the dengue mosquito vector Aedes aegypti. Chemical profiling through gas chromatography identified four major metabolites, with nonadecane showing the highest peak area percentage (70.34%). A lethal dosage of fraction IV of G. superba (Gs‐F4), at a maximum concentration of 5.0 ppm, exhibited high mortality rates in second (78%), third (71%) and fourth (51%) instars of Ae. aegypti. A sublethal dosage of Gs‐F4 (3.0 ppm) significantly altered the larval midgut enzymes of cytochrome P450, esterases and glutathione S‐transferases. The repellent activity of Gs‐F4 was dosage dependent, with repellency percentages decreasing from 96% to 50% as the exposure time increased from 15 to 210 mins. The impact of Gs‐F4 on aquatic mosquito predators was marginally toxic (<50%) compared with the commercial compound temephos (1.0 ppm), which exhibited a higher toxicity (>50%). In silico toxicity screening using the BeeToxAI server indicated that three of the four compounds in Gs‐F4 were safe or non‐toxic to honeybees, except for α‐gurjunene (6.29 μg/bee). Although G. superba demonstrates effective larvicidal and repellent activity against Ae. aegypti, the non‐target toxicity against mosquito predators necessitates further toxicological screening on beneficial species under field conditions.
Overloaded and overwhelmed: Weakened partner aspirations of women public accountants during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Barnes Beau Grant , Cussatt Marc , Dalton Derek W. , Harp Nancy L.
Published: September 2024

Despite years of initiatives to improve gender equity in public accounting firms, women continue to be underrepresented at the partner level. Supporting women's aspirations to become partner is important to ensure there are more women in the pipeline of potential partners. However, we argue that challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic are likely to have negative downstream effects on accounting firms' efforts to improve female partner representation. Therefore, using a survey of 192 certified public accountants (CPAs), we develop and test a theoretical model that examines changes in women's partner aspirations during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Using the conservation of resources (COR) theory, we predict that women experienced disproportionately higher role overload during the pandemic compared to men. We also rely upon COR theory to predict that higher levels of role overload will be associated with weakened partner‐track motivations (i.e., less value placed on the advantages of the partner level and lower willingness to make the sacrifices necessary to pursue the partner level) and weakened partner aspirations. Consequently, we expect that women public accountants experienced weakened partner aspirations through higher role overload during the pandemic. Results support our predictions as we find that women experienced higher levels of role overload, which are associated with weakened partner‐track motivations, which in turn are associated with weakened partner aspirations. In sum, our results suggest that the COVID‐19 pandemic exacerbated pre‐pandemic gender equity challenges within public accounting firms. Fortunately, we also find that higher levels of supervisor support and coworker support help limit role overload and mitigate declines in partner aspirations. We discuss several insights that firms can use to mitigate post‐pandemic declines in women's partner aspirations.
Proteomic analysis across aged tissues reveals distinct signatures and the crucial involvement of midgut barrier function in the regulation of aging
Authors: Zhang Congying , Wang Jinlong , Yao Tianzhao , Hu Jiaxin , Sun Feifei , Feng Chunlu , Sun Zhendong , Shao Yuzhuo , Wang Zhu , Wu Jiarui , Huang Yunpeng
Published: September 2024

The process of aging is a natural phenomenon characterized by gradual deterioration in biological functions and systemic homeostasis, which can be modulated by both genetic and environmental factors. Numerous investigations conducted on model organisms, including nematodes, flies, and mice, have elucidated several pivotal aging pathways, such as insulin signaling and AMPK signaling. However, it remains uncertain whether the regulation of the aging process is uniform or diverse across different tissues and whether manipulating the same aging factor can result in consistent outcomes in various tissues. In this study, we utilize the Drosophila organism to investigate tissue‐specific proteome signatures during the aging process. Although distinct proteins undergo changes in aged tissues, certain common altered functional networks are constituently identified across different tissues, including the decline of the mitochondrial ribosomal network, autophagic network, and anti‐ROS defense networks. Furthermore, downregulation of insulin receptor (InR) in the midguts, muscle, and central nervous system (CNS) of flies leads to a significant extension in fly lifespans. Notably, despite manipulating the same aging gene InR, diverse alterations in proteins are observed across different tissues. Importantly, knockdown of InR in the midguts leads to a distinct proteome compared with other tissues, resulting in enhanced actin nucleation and glutathione metabolism, while attenuating age‐related elevation of serine proteases. Consequently, knockdown of InR results in rejuvenation of the integrity of the midgut barrier and augmentation of anti‐ROS defense capabilities. Our findings suggest that the barrier function of the midgut plays a pivotal role in defending against aging, underscoring the paramount importance of maintaining optimal gut physiology to effectively delay the aging process. Moreover, when considering age‐related changes across various tissues, it is more reasonable to identify functional networks rather than focusing solely on individual proteins.
Pain and unhealthy alcohol use among people living with HIV: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Palfai Tibor P. , Winter Michael R. , Magane Kara M. , Heeren Timothy C. , Bernier Lauren B. , Murray Grace E. , Saitz Richard , Kim Theresa W. , Stein Michael D.
Published: September 2024

Background

Unhealthy alcohol use is prevalent among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWH) and contributes to impaired functioning, diminished quality of life, and poorer HIV outcomes. Common cooccurring conditions such as chronic pain may be associated with negative outcomes both directly and through its influence on unhealthy drinking itself. However, there is relatively little known about how pain influences unhealthy drinking among PLWH over time. The current study examined whether pain was associated with indices of unhealthy alcohol use, namely heavy drinking and alcohol use disorder (AUD) assessed 12 months later.

Methods

The study sample (n = 207) was from the Boston Alcohol Research Collaboration on HIV/AIDS (ARCH) Cohort, a prospective cohort of PLWH with a history of illicit substance or unhealthy alcohol use. We conducted logistic regression analyses to examine the associations between pain and both heavy drinking and AUD status (DSM‐5 criteria) (yes/no) over time. In secondary analyses, we examined whether pain was associated with greater AUD severity and whether pain interference was associated with heavy drinking and AUD outcomes.

Results

We found that pain at baseline was associated with greater odds of AUD [aOR = 2.29 (95% CI: 1.13, 4.64), p = 0.02] but not heavy drinking [aOR = 0.91 (95% CI: 0.44, 1.88), p = 0.79] at 12 months. Pain was also associated with more severe AUD. Analyses of pain interference showed similar results.

Conclusions

Pain is prospectively associated with higher odds of AUD among PLWH with a substance/unhealthy alcohol use history. Providers should routinely address pain among PLWH to improve AUD outcomes.
High post‐sex survival of the world's largest semelparous mammal
Authors: Cowan Mitchell A. , Dunlop Judy A. , Hernandez‐Santin Lorna , Heidrich Astrid , Knuckey Chris G. , Nimmo Dale G.
Published: September 2024

Males of the endangered northern quoll (Dasyurus hallucatus) are facultatively semelparous, often dying following their first breeding season. This is often driven by high breeding costs: males travel and mate extensively in breeding season, resulting in reduced body condition. Annual post‐breeding survival rates for male northern quolls have been recorded between 0% and 12.5% across their range in northern Australia. We highlight an observed 50% survival rate of male northern quolls (3 of 6) living into their second year in a Pilbara mining landscape. High male survival here may be attributed to above average rainfall in the landscape and reduced breeding opportunities, due to low female abundance—likely driven by large amounts of unfavourable mining land. This likely led to lower hormonal stress associated with breeding for males, as well as increased resource availability. Given northern quoll population persistence is highly dependent on breeding success, high survival of male northern quolls may inadvertently stabilize populations if they can breed again in a second year, though this is yet to be observed in the Pilbara region. Nevertheless, semelparity of male northern quolls likely varies with environmental and demographic factors, demonstrating that northern quoll populations may be resilient to disturbance in an unpredictable semi‐arid environment.
Importance of Heritage Structures as Bat Roosts in the Sahara Desert
Authors: Węgiel Andrzej , Fushiya Tomomi , Obłuski Artur , Tryjanowski Piotr
Published: September 2024

In addition to the availability of water and invertebrate prey, roost sites are considered the main factors enabling bats to survive in desert areas. Because suitable roost sites are often limiting resources, human constructions are also important for these animals. Conversely, in the context of built heritage conservation, bats are often discussed as a cause of damages. However, if historic structures deteriorate, they may lose their suitability as roosting sites for bats. This study examines how the condition of domed tombs in Sudan affects their use by bats. Inspections of 19 tombs revealed that bats occupied only undamaged structures, with 1652 individuals of four species found. Slightly and partially damaged tombs were not used by bats. These findings highlight the importance of preserving man‐made structures as critical roosting sites in arid environments to support local bat populations.
Peripapillary choroidal vascularity of paediatric myopic eyes with peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures
Authors: Kirik Furkan , Dizdar Yiğit Didem , Sevik Mehmet Orkun , Ertürk Kamile Melis , İskandarov Farid , Şahin Özlem , Özdemir Hakan
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To assess the peripapillary choroidal vasculature in paediatric myopic patients with and without peripapillary hyperreflective ovoid mass‐like structures (PHOMS).

Methods

This prospective study includes 60 eyes of 60 myopic (spherical equivalent [SE] <−1.00 dioptre [D]) patients with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) PHOMS (PHOMS [+] and PHOMS [−] groups, respectively), and 30 eyes of 30 age‐ and sex‐matched emmetropic children (control group). Peripapillary choroidal parameters, including total choroidal (TCA), luminal (LA), and stromal areas (SA) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) calculated from vertical and horizontal single‐line enhanced depth imaging‐optical coherence tomography scans centred on optic nerve head.

Results

Peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer thicknesses were not different between the groups (p > 0.05). In the PHOMS (+) group, TCA, LA and SA were lower, and CVI was higher in all quadrants compared to the control (p < 0.05). However, only the mean TCA and LA in the inferior and nasal quadrants and the mean SA in the nasal quadrant were lower in PHOMS (+) than in PHOMS (−) (p < 0.05). In the PHOMS (−) group, higher CVI was observed in all quadrants except temporal compared to the control group. Although the mean CVI of the PHOMS (+) group was also higher than in the PHOMS (−) group, this difference was not statistically significant.

Conclusion

This study indicates that choroidal parameters differ in paediatric myopic patients with PHOMS. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed to understand the details of choroidal parameters in eyes with PHOMS.
Letter: Optimising public health policies to combat alcohol‐associated liver disease in youth—Addressing key methodological and regional challenges
Authors: Zhang Rui , Wei Hua , Liu Ming
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Danpanichkul et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18101 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18250
Computed tomographic features of segmental aplasia of the caudal vena cava, portocaval shunt and Situs ambiguous in two dogs
Authors: Desbordes J , Brignon T , Gaillot H
Published: September 2024

A 3‐year‐old crossbreed dog (case 1) and a 3‐month‐old German Shorthaired Pointer (case 2) were presented for acute signs of encephalopathy. A portosystemic shunt (PSS) was suspected based on clinical context and laboratory exam results and was confirmed on computed tomography (CT) angiography in both cases. A left‐sided azygos (case 1) and right‐sided azygos (case 2) continuation of an interrupted caudal vena cava (CVC) and a situs ambiguous (SA) were also observed and considered as incidental findings. Both dogs underwent PSS surgical correction. Postsurgical follow‐up imaging procedures suggested concomitant primary hypoplasia of the portal vein (PHPV) in both cases.
Altered bile acid and coproporphyrin‐I disposition in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
Authors: Tiley Jacqueline B. , Beaudoin James J. , Derebail Vimal K. , Murphy William A. , Park Christine C. , Veeder Justin A. , Tran Lana , Beers Jessica L. , Jia Wei , Stewart Paul W. , Brouwer Kim L. R.
Published: September 2024

Aims

Serum, liver and urinary bile acids are increased, and hepatic transport protein levels are decreased in a non‐clinical model of polycystic kidney disease. Similar changes in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) may predispose them to drug‐induced liver injury (DILI) and hepatic drug–drug interactions (DDIs). Systemic coproporphyrin‐I (CP‐I), an endogenous biomarker for hepatic OATP1B function and MRP2 substrate, is used to evaluate OATP1B‐mediated DDI risk in humans. In this clinical observational cohort‐comparison study, bile acid profiles and CP‐I concentrations in healthy volunteers and patients with ADPKD were compared.

Methods

Serum and urine samples from healthy volunteers (n = 16) and patients with ADPKD (n = 8) were collected. Serum bile acids, and serum and urine CP‐I concentrations, were quantified by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS).

Results

Patients with ADPKD exhibited increased serum concentrations of total (1.3‐fold) and taurine‐conjugated (2.8‐fold) bile acids compared to healthy volunteers. Specifically, serum concentrations of six bile acids known to be more hydrophobic/hepatotoxic (glycochenodeoxycholate, taurochenodeoxycholate, taurodeoxycholate, lithocholate, glycolithocholate and taurolithocholate) were increased (1.5‐, 2.9‐, 2.8‐, 1.6‐, 1.7‐ and 2.7‐fold, respectively) in patients with ADPKD. Furthermore, serum CP‐I concentrations were elevated and the renal clearance of CP‐I was reduced in patients with ADPKD compared to healthy volunteers.

Conclusions

Increased exposure to bile acids may increase susceptibility to DILI in some patients with ADPKD. Furthermore, the observed increase in serum CP‐I concentrations could be attributed, in part, to impaired OATP1B function in patients with ADPKD, which could increase the risk of DDIs involving OATP1B substrates compared to healthy volunteers.
Learning from errors and failure in educational contexts: New insights and future directions for research and practice
Authors: Narciss Susanne , Alemdag Ecenaz
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims

Although errors and failures are indispensable parts of the learning process, the current theoretical models and empirical research remain inadequate to provide a comprehensive perspective for learning from errors, considering the roles of different agents, settings, and support mechanisms. Addressing these gaps in the literature, this special issue collects 11 research papers related to learning from errors and failure in educational contexts. In this commentary, we synthesize the findings of these papers with previous work, address conceptual and methodological challenges based on these papers and their implications, and provide suggestions to enhance educational practices.

Results

The special issue papers varying in regard to research design, subject domain, participants, and learning setting presented findings about four main themes: (1) contextual factors (e.g. organization and error climate) as an enabler and barrier, (2) individual factors (e.g. motivational beliefs and emotions) in learners' processing of errors, (3) error‐ or failure‐related learning processes, and (4) instructional strategies (e.g. feedback and prompts) to support learning from errors. Critical evaluation of these papers also revealed conceptual (e.g. error vs. failure) and methodological (e.g. generic vs. error‐specific measures and instruments) challenges, which also paved the way for directions for future research.

Conclusion

Overall, 11 papers in this special issue provide significant empirical evidence about learning from errors and failure in educational contexts. Synthesizing the findings of both these papers and prior research, we also present suggestions to construct an educational environment conducive to learning from errors.
Elucidating the beneficial impact of exercise on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its comorbidities: Integrating proteomic and immunological insights
Authors: Wang Xishuai , Liu Cong , Liang Ruining , Zhou Yuehui , Kong Xiliang , Wang Weichao , Wang Hongwei , Zhao Lunan , Niu Weina , Yi Chao , Jiang Fugao
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose

Physical activity is an effective therapeutic protocol for treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the mechanisms underlying the benefits of physical activity in COPD are not fully elucidated.

Experimental Approach

In a mouse model of COPD, analysis of biological markers and lung proteomics identified the molecular pathways through which exercise ameliorates COPD.

Key Results

Exercise improved pulmonary function, emphysema, small airway disease, pulmonary inflammation, glucose metabolic dysregulation, and insulin resistance in COPD mice. Proteomic analysis revealed 430 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between the COPD and COPD + Exercise (COPD + Ex) groups. GO analysis indicated that the enriched pathways were predominantly related to the immune response, inflammatory processes, insulin secretion, and glucose metabolic processes. GO analysis revealed IL‐33 as a crucial target for the exercise‐related amelioration of COPD. KEGG analysis showed that DEPs were significantly enriched in primary immunodeficiency, the intestinal immune network for IgA production, and the NF‐κB signalling pathway. Exercise inhibited NF‐κB activation by suppressing the CD14/TLR4/MyD88 and TNF‐α/TNF‐R1/TRAF2/5 pathways in COPD mice. Exercise inhibited expression of BCR, IgM, IgD, IgG, IgE, and IgA by suppressing B‐cell receptor signalling. Exercise attenuated glucose metabolic dysregulation and insulin resistance through the suppression of proinflammatory mediators, including MHC I, MHC II, TNF‐α, IFN‐γ, and IL‐1β, while concurrently increasing insulin expression. The qRT‐PCR results were consistent with the proteomic results.

Conclusion and Implications

In a mouse model, exercise improved COPD and its metabolic comorbidities through immune system regulation and inflammation suppression, offering insights into potential therapeutic targets.
Thin corridors limit wildlife: Variance of tropical carnivore distribution and habitat use in a critical rainforest corridor
Authors: Ross Patrick H. , Patel Erik , Ravelojaona Rojo Nandrianina , Rasolondravoavy Charles , Raoloniana Guy Irenel , Dollar Luke , Parker Patricia G.
Published: September 2024

Madagascar is acclaimed for its floral and faunal endemism and biodiversity. Among the island nation's most emblematic fauna are its native mammalian carnivores; they are members of the threatened and endemic Eupleridae family. The Corridor of Marojejy, Anjanaharibe‐Sud Special Reserve, Tsaratanana (COMATSA) is a newly protected corridor system that faces deforestation and lacks detailed assessments of its native carnivore community. We deployed 44 motion‐activated trail cameras to identify which terrestrial carnivores are found within the rainforest corridor landscape of COMATSA‐Sud and Marojejy National Park, and to examine carnivore occupancy, relative activity and the impacts of habitat edge. Our sampling array operated from October 20, 2021, to February 10, 2022 (113 days) and confirmed the presence of four species in Eupleridae: Cryptoprocta ferox, Fossa fossana, Galidia elegans, and Galidictis fasciata, as well as a non‐native carnivore species: Canis familiaris. We show that carnivore occurrences significantly increase with distance to forest edges. We discuss the negative impacts of forest loss on native carnivores and highlight the threats posed by the non‐native carnivore C. familiaris. Our findings spotlight faunal detections across the corridor and indicate that fewer native carnivores are found in the corridor compared to nearby protected areas, suggesting that deforestation correlates with a skewed distribution of carnivore detections. Based on our data, we provide management recommendations for the protection of the forest corridor and its endemic faunal community.
Decreased PU.1 expression in mature B cells induces lymphomagenesis
Authors: Endo Shinya , Nishimura Nao , Toyoda Kosuke , Komohara Yoshihiro , Carreras Joaquim , Yuki Hiromichi , Shichijo Takafumi , Ueno Shikiko , Ueno Niina , Hirata Shinya , Kawano Yawara , Nosaka Kisato , Miyaoka Masashi , Nakamura Naoya , Sato Ai , Ando Kiyoshi , Mitsuya Hiroaki , Akashi Koichi , Tenen Daniel G. , Yasunaga Jun‐ichirou , Matsuoka Masao , Okuno Yutaka , Tatetsu Hiro
Published: September 2024

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of lymphoma, accounting for 30% of non‐Hodgkin lymphomas. Although comprehensive analysis of genetic abnormalities has led to the classification of lymphomas, the exact mechanism of lymphomagenesis remains elusive. The Ets family transcription factor, PU.1, encoded by Spi1, is essential for the development of myeloid and lymphoid cells. Our previous research illustrated the tumor suppressor function of PU.1 in classical Hodgkin lymphoma and myeloma cells. In the current study, we found that patients with DLBCL exhibited notably reduced PU.1 expression in their lymphoma cells, particularly in the non‐germinal center B‐cell‐like (GCB) subtype. This observation suggests that downregulation of PU.1 may be implicated in DLBCL tumor growth. To further assess PU.1's role in mature B cells in vivo, we generated conditional Spi1 knockout mice using Cγ1‐Cre mice. Remarkably, 13 of the 23 knockout mice (56%) showed splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, or masses, with some having histologically confirmed B‐cell lymphomas. In contrast, no wild‐type mice developed B‐cell lymphoma. In addition, RNA‐seq analysis of lymphoma cells from Cγ1‐Cre Spi1F/F mice showed high frequency of each monoclonal CDR3 sequence, indicating that these lymphoma cells were monoclonal tumor cells. When these B lymphoma cells were transplanted into immunodeficient recipient mice, all mice died within 3 weeks. Lentiviral‐transduced Spi1 rescued 60% of the recipient mice, suggesting that PU.1 has a tumor suppressor function in vivo. Collectively, PU.1 is a tumor suppressor in mature B cells, and decreased PU.1 results in mature B‐cell lymphoma development.
Host ANGPTL2 establishes an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance to immune checkpoint therapy
Authors: Yumoto Shinsei , Horiguchi Haruki , Kadomatsu Tsuyoshi , Horino Taichi , Sato Michio , Terada Kazutoyo , Miyata Keishi , Moroishi Toshiro , Baba Hideo , Oike Yuichi
Published: September 2024

Use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) as cancer immunotherapy has advanced rapidly in the clinic; however, mechanisms underlying resistance to ICI therapy, including impaired T cell infiltration, low immunogenicity, and tumor “immunophenotypes” governed by the host, remain unclear. We previously reported that in some cancer contexts, tumor cell‐derived angiopoietin‐like protein 2 (ANGPTL2) has tumor‐promoting functions. Here, we asked whether ANGPTL2 deficiency could enhance antitumor ICI activity in two inflammatory contexts: a murine syngeneic model of colorectal cancer and a mouse model of high‐fat diet (HFD)‐induced obesity. Systemic ANGPTL2 deficiency potentiated ICI efficacy in the syngeneic model, supporting an immunosuppressive role for host ANGPTL2. Relevant to the mechanism, we found that ANGPTL2 induces pro‐inflammatory cytokine production in adipose tissues, driving generation of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in bone marrow and contributing to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment and resistance to ICI therapy. Moreover, HFD‐induced obese mice showed impaired responsiveness to ICI treatment, suggesting that obesity‐induced chronic inflammation facilitated by high ANGPTL2 expression blocks ICI antitumor effects. Our findings overall provide novel insight into protumor ANGPTL2 functions and illustrate the essential role of the host system in ICI responsiveness.
Comparison of various treatment modalities in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ostrovsky Michael , Sela Tal Corina , Habot‐Wilner Zohar
Published: September 2024

Background

This systematic review and meta‐analysis investigated different treatment modalities' effect on the risk of central nervous system lymphoma progression, ocular disease relapse, systemic lymphoma development and overall survival in primary vitreoretinal lymphoma patients.

Methods

PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library of clinical trials were searched from inception to April 21, 2024. Cohort, cross‐sectional and case series studies were included. Methodological quality was assessed using the NIH quality assessment tools. Heterogeneity between studies was assessed using Chi square test and I2 statistic. Outcomes were pooled as odds ratios (OR) using fixed‐effects models. Risk of publication bias was assessed using a funnel plot.

Results

Included were 28 studies with 476 participants. Ocular treatments included intravitreal methotrexate and/or rituximab injections and ocular radiotherapy. Systemic treatments included intravenous and/or intrathecal chemotherapy, whole‐brain radiotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Ocular treatment alone, as compared to systemic or combined treatment, resulted in significantly lower risk of central nervous system lymphoma development (OR = 0.54, p = 0.02) and in no significant difference in the risk for progression to systemic disease (OR = 0.38, p = 0.30) or in overall survival. Significantly lower risk of ocular relapse was found in patients receiving ocular or combined therapy as compared to systemic therapy alone (OR = 0.26, p = 0.001). A subgroup analysis, comparing ocular treatment alone and combined treatment, found no significant difference regarding the risk of central nervous system or systemic lymphoma progression, ocular disease relapse and overall survival.

Conclusions

No benefit was observed for the addition of systemic therapy to ocular treatment in patients with primary vitreoretinal lymphoma.
Effect of Storage Conditions and Time on the Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Surgical Guides: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Ntovas Panagiotis , Marchand Laurent , Basir Barmak , Kudara Yukio , Revilla‐Leon Marta , Att Wael
Published: September 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the dimensional stability over time of additively manufactured surgical templates, fabricated by different resins, and stored by different methods.

Materials and Methods

Using a 3D printer with DLS technology and two different resins (Surgical Guide (SG)‐WhipMix and Key Guide (KG)‐KeystoneIndustries), 96 surgical guides were additively manufactured. The guides were stored in three different environments: directly exposed to sunlight (S1), in normal interior room conditions (S2), and in darkness (S3). The guides were digitally scanned immediately after fabrication and post‐processing, and after 1, 3, and 6 months of storage. For each group, the mean deviation of the root mean square (RMS) between guide's intaglio surface, as well as the axial deviation between sleeves' housings were calculated.

Results

The mean axial variations of angular axis deviation of sleeves' housings ranged between 0.09° and 3.99°. The mean deviation of the RMS discrepancy in guide's intaglio ranged from 0.1 to 0.18 mm. Variations were significant (p < 0.001) only for the S1 group and only for SG material. After 3 months, an additional storage time of 3 months did not have any further effect on dimensional stability.

Conclusions

Within the limitations of the present study, storage time of a surgical guide for up to 3 months after manufacturing, as well as printing material can significantly affect surgical guide's dimensional stability, when they are exposed to direct or indirect sunlight conditions. Storage of guides in a dark environment is recommended in order to avoid an additional source of error in computer‐guided surgery workflows.
Fate of ileorectal anastomosis for treating Crohn's disease in the era of biologics: Results from a French retrospective multicentre cohort study
Authors: Ait Mohand Juba , Alves Arnaud , Brouquet Antoine , Germain Adeline , Bridoux Valerie , Trilling Bertrand , Buscail Etienne , Valibouze Caroline , Leroy Maxime , Desreumaux Pierre , Zerbib Philippe
Published: September 2024

Aim

The rate of surgical recurrence following ileorectal anastomosis (IRA) in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) remains poorly understood. Most studies were conducted before the advent of biologics. Our aim was to assess the fate of IRA in patients with CD during the biologics era and identify risk factors for endoscopic, clinical, and surgical recurrence.

Methods

This retrospective multicentre cohort study included patients with CD who underwent IRA between 2006 and 2022. The association of patient characteristics and postoperative measures with each type of postoperative recurrence and need for a definitive stoma was investigated using the chi‐square test or Fisher's exact test.

Results

During a median follow‐up period of 60 months, the rates of endoscopic, clinical, and surgical postoperative recurrence were 70%, 59%, and 35%, respectively. The rate of perianal lesions was higher in patients who underwent a definitive stoma (70% vs. 35%, p = 0.007) and with endoscopic (50% vs. 25%, p = 0.038), clinical (54% vs. 24%, p = 0.006), and surgical (63% vs. 34%, p = 0.015) recurrence. The incidence of residual microscopic disease at the rectal margin was higher in patients with endoscopic recurrence (p = 0.047). Biologics were identified as protective factors against the need for a definitive stoma (p = 0.044).

Conclusion

IRA is a good treatment option for extensive colitis in patients with CD. However, its consideration should be weighed in the presence of perianal lesions, which have been shown to be a risk factor for delayed proctectomy.
Limb dominance does not have a meaningful impact on arterial occlusion pressure
Authors: Yamada Yujiro , Hammert William B. , Kataoka Ryo , Song Jun Seob , Kang Anna , Loenneke Jeremy P.
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Limb dominancy has been suggested, by some, to influence arterial occlusion pressure (AOP). However, we hypothesized that the differences in AOP between the dominant and nondominant legs were more likely explained by differences in cuff position.

Aims

To determine the impact of limb dominance, composition, and cuff position on AOP in the context of error associated with measuring AOP twice on the same leg.

Methods

Fifty‐eight adults (30 males) volunteered to have AOP measured on their dominant legs with the cuff bladder covering their inner thighs and on their nondominant legs with the bladder covering their inner and outer thighs (in random order). Thigh circumference and muscle and fat thicknesses were also measured on each leg.

Results

We found evidence for differences in AOP between legs [median δ of −0.222, 95% credible interval: (−0.429, −0.016)] when the cuff position was matched. The mean difference was −2.8 mmHg, and the 95% limit of agreement in a Bland–Altman plot was −24.8 to 19.0 mmHg. When plotting this alongside an error range (i.e., 95% limits of agreement) of taking the same measurement twice from our previous study (Spitz et al., 2020), 52 out of 58 measurements were within the error range. This difference was not due to the cuff position. Additionally, there was no evidence that thigh circumference or composition (muscle/fat thickness) moderated any difference between limbs.

Conclusion

The difference in AOP between limbs is small and is mostly indistinguishable from the difference observed from taking the measurement twice on the same limb.
Coronary artery disease risk prediction by combined stratification of low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol and high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels across different glucose statuses
Authors: Yachida Junko , Fujihara Kazuya , Harada Yamada Mayuko , Kobayashi Ayako , Khin Lay Mon , Takizawa Hiroki , Yamamoto Masahiko , Kitazawa Masaru , Matsubayashi Yasuhiro , Yamada Takaho , Kodama Satoru , Sone Hirohito
Published: September 2024

Aim

To investigate the association between low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐C) levels and coronary artery disease (CAD) incidence based on combining high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (HDL‐C) levels and glucose status.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective cohort study, we used data from a nationwide claims database (1,524,289 individuals without a history of CAD or familial hypercholesterolaemia; 2008–2019). Cox proportional hazards modelling identified the risk of incident CAD by a novel combination of four HDL‐C levels, seven LDL‐C levels and glucose status.

Results

During the follow‐up period (mean: 5.5 years), 8301 (0.99/1000 person‐years) events occurred. The risk of CAD increased from lower LDL‐C levels accompanied by lower HDL‐C levels regardless of the glucose status. Using the most favourable levels of HDL‐C and LDL‐C (i.e. 60–99 mg/dL and <80 mg/dL, respectively) as references, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the group with HDL‐C levels <40 mg/dL and LDL‐C levels <80 mg/dL were 2.74 (1.47–5.11), 2.52 (1.30–4.91) and 2.85 (1.68–4.84) for normoglycaemia, borderline glycaemia and diabetes, respectively. Comparison of the most favourable levels of HDL‐C and LDL‐C with their least favourable levels (i.e. <40 mg/dL and 180–199 mg/dL, respectively) revealed that the risk of new‐onset CAD exhibited a 19‐, nine‐ and seven‐fold increase in individuals with normoglycaemia, borderline glycaemia and diabetes, respectively.

Conclusions

To prevent CAD, LDL‐C levels should be strictly controlled in patients with low HDL‐C levels regardless of glucose tolerance. Individualized treatment, which involves setting target LDL‐C levels based on glucose tolerance and HDL‐C values, is required.
A diversionary benevolent media strategy: Lobbying Saudi Arabia's humanitarian aid in Arabic and English
Authors: Kertcher Chen , Lewin Roi
Published: September 2024

Humanitarian aid is often accompanied by broad media coverage. In academic research, there is a dominant bias toward Western studies on the topic. Following studies that emphasize the negative role of autocratic regimes using their media to frame threats as an intra‐state diversionary strategy, this study contributes to our understating of how autocratic regimes use the media and illuminates how they employ a diversionary benevolent strategy in the media through framing humanitarian activities. We illustrate this theory by using the case of media strategy models used by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) that frame its provision of humanitarian aid to global and national audiences. The empirical approach is based on an analysis of 263 articles from four leading Saudi newspapers published online in English and Arabic. The result indicates that the KSA encourages two different diversionary benevolent strategies. The first strategy is aimed at increasing the KSAs international community prestige, focusing on mediatization that depicts its alliance with global efforts while employing “threat” strategy towards its adversaries. The second strategy is aimed mainly at Saudi nationals with the purpose of increasing their support of the royal family.
Quality and Reliability of YouTube Video Contents About Sports Mouthguards: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Gezer Ilke , Saygili Selin , Gunver Mehmet Guven , Kasimoglu Yelda , Tuna‐Ince Elif Bahar
Published: September 2024

Background

Sports dentistry aims to prevent and manage orofacial injuries, tooth fractures, tooth loss, and soft tissue trauma during sport activities. Mouthguards are appliances that protect athletes from dental trauma during contact sports. The video‐sharing platform YouTube has a large number of informative videos about mouthguards. This study aimed to analyze the quality, accuracy, and reliability of YouTube videos about mouthguards, investigate the relationship between the features and the quality of mouthguard videos on YouTube, and provide suggestions for future informative content about mouthguards and sports dentistry.

Materials and Methods

The first 100 videos for each keyword from YouTube were collected using the keywords “mouthguard,” “sports mouthguard,” and “mouthguard and dental trauma.” Videos meeting the inclusion criteria were categorized based on publisher (dental professionals and nonprofessionals) and type (animation/slideshow, interview, and product introduction). Video features were recorded. Video content quality, reliability, and accuracy were measured by the Video Information and Quality Index (VIQI), the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks, the DISCERN Instrument, the Global Quality Scale (GQS), and the usefulness score. Data were analyzed using SPSS (IBM 29.0) at a 95% statistical significance level (p = 0.05).

Results

Out of 300 videos, 80 videos were included. Most of the videos were uploaded by dental professionals (n = 49). The average values of the VIQI, JAMA, DISCERN, and GQS scores were 15.33 out of 20.0, 1.38 out of 4.00, 49.24 out of 80.0, and 2.99 out of 5.00, respectively. Videos uploaded by dental professionals had significantly higher scores in VIQI, JAMA, DISCERN, GQS, and usefulness scores but exhibited a lower number of likes, comments, and views (p < 0.05). Of all included videos, 51% (n = 41) were categorized as “moderately useful” and 10% (n = 8) as “very useful.”

Conclusions

Mouthguard videos uploaded by dental professionals are more useful, accurate, and of higher quality. Therefore, patients should consider the information shared by dental professionals. Greater participation from dentists in sharing high‐quality content would be beneficial.
Prevalence and characteristics of visual snow syndrome in a cohort of young Italian adults
Authors: Romozzi Marina , Trigila Vincenzo , Tosto Federico , Cuffaro Giovanni , García‐Azorín David , Iannone Luigi Francesco , Romozzi Pietro , Savino Gustavo , Calabresi Paolo , Puledda Francesca , Vollono Catello
Published: September 2024

Background

Visual snow (VS) and visual snow syndrome (VSS) are becoming increasingly recognized. However, their prevalence worldwide is unknown. This study aimed to investigate lifetime prevalence and describe the clinical characteristics of VS and VSS in a representative population sample from Italy.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted among students attending different faculties in three universities in the central and southern regions of Italy. Eligible participants completed a self‐administered questionnaire. In patients fulfilling possible criteria for VS/VSS, the diagnosis was validated by an on‐site visit conducted by experienced neurologists and neuro‐ophthalmologists that included optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA).

Results

A total of 750 participants completed the study. Seven (0.9%) reported symptoms compatible with VS (mean age 24.8 ± 3.85 years). Among the seven patients, five (0.7%) also met the phenomenological and temporal criteria for VSS. Neuroimaging and ophthalmological examinations showed normal results upon review or during the on‐site visit including OCTA. For the five patients with full VSS, the other visual symptoms reported were enhanced entoptic phenomenon (n = 5), photophobia (n = 5), palinopsia (n = 1), and nyctalopia (n = 4). In four of the seven patients (57%) reporting VS symptoms, there was a concomitant diagnosis of migraine with aura, and in one (14%) migraine without aura. All patients (n = 7) reported tinnitus. Six of the seven (85.7%) patients with VS/VSS had never used specific treatments for the condition. None of the seven patients had received a previous diagnosis of VS/VSS.

Conclusions

The prevalence in Italy of VSS is around 1%. However, there is a limited tendency for affected individuals to seek medical attention, leading to a low rate of diagnosis and treatment.