bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In winter with Dracula. Turişti britanici în România socialistă
Authors:   Institutul de Istorie „Nicolae Iorga”, Academia Română, ANTON Mioara
Published: April 2024

In the mid-1960s, as the regime in Bucharest re-established economic and political relations with Great Britain, it also invested significantly in the development of tourism. Socialist Romania’s hard currency needs forced the communist leadership to find multiple ways to obtain it: tourism was one of the available solutions. Initially, Romanian offers were successful on the British market. During the 1970s, the number of British tourists in Romania increased considerably. They visited either through travel agencies or as private holidaymakers. Figures, however, began to drop when the advertisements proved contrary to the real conditions in the country. Inadequate accommodation services, poor restaurant menus, limited leisure facilities, regime restrictions on travel to and from the country, in addition to rationing and shortages, pushed British tourists into abandoning their holidays and opting for other destinations.
De la Lorraine à la Chine. Recherche sur le parcours des témoins des affrontements de Chongqing
Authors: Chi Miao
Published: April 2024

Les recherches de Jacques Walter relatives au programme « Carrières testimoniales. Les devenirs-témoins de conflits des xxe et xxie siècles » ont été une source d’inspiration essentielle de cette étude portant sur la trajectoire qui conduit les individus concernés à rompre le silence pour livrer un témoignage sur les affrontements de Chongqing. Cette contribution explore le parcours de deux témoins des affrontements de Chongqing, messieurs Zhisheng Zheng et Musen Li, à mettre en évidence les facteurs qui conduisent ces deux témoins à prendre la parole pour transmettre leurs expériences à des tiers, et à analyse les conditions requises pour qu’un témoin des affrontements de Chongqing devienne un témoin professionnel et les conditions de « pollinisation » d’un témoignage grâce aux sources primaires des entretiens.
Le témoin, le témoignage, la mémoire. Modestes retours sur 40 ans de pratique du témoignage
Authors: Cochet François
Published: April 2024

Le statut du témoin et la référence aux témoignages se trouvent au cœur de toute démarche historique. Les moyens d’investigation mis en œuvre par l’historien ont été renouvelés par la pratique des sources orales et les moments de guerre sont des périodes clés de l’usage des témoignages. Alimentant des mémoires parfois conflictuelles, mais toujours signifiantes d’un état de la société, les témoignages, à condition d’être convenablement contextualisés, enrichissent la démarche historique.
Le témoignage chrétien – d’un témoin qui n’a pas vu ? Une institution communicationnelle de l’Église catholique
Authors: Douyère David
Published: April 2024

Cette contribution propose une réflexion sur la notion chrétienne de témoignage qui, dans l’Église catholique, constitue une forme de la communication à laquelle elle incite. Cette notion dévie toutefois du sens commun, historique, ou du sens judiciaire dans la mesure où elle évoque l’inscription dans une lignée textuelle et communautaire, langagière, et valorise l’expérience et l’affect plus qu’elle ne suppose « d’avoir vu » quelque chose ou quelqu’un (l’entité immatérielle à laquelle elle se réfère). Le témoin est celui qui relaie son expérience et sa foi, et incite à la reproduire, non celui qui fait part du réel. Il contribue plutôt à le créer en en prolongeant l’existence jadis instituée. À ce titre, le témoignage devient une institution apologétique, incontestable, qui sort le discours religieux du champ de l’argumentation rationnelle et l’ancre dans le récit et la subjectivité biographiques.
Des luttes et des politiques mémorielles en Argentine : trois controverses autour de l’ex-centre clandestin de détention ESMA
Authors: Feld Claudia
Published: April 2024

L’École de mécanique de la Marine (ESMA) fonctionna pendant la dernière dictature militaire argentine (1976-1983) comme un centre clandestin de détention et de torture. On estime qu’environ 5 000 personnes y ont été détenues. Moins de 300 y ont survécu. Depuis la fin de la dictature, l’ESMA occupe une place centrale dans les représentations, les récits et le travail de mémoire sur la disparition de personnes en Argentine. Cependant, en dépit de sa valeur symbolique, au cours des 20 premières années de la période démocratique (1983-2003), l’ESMA est restée aux mains de la Marine et a poursuivi ses fonctions en tant qu’école navale. Jusqu’en 2004, on n’y trouvait ni marques ni signes visibles pouvant montrer son passé comme centre clandestin. Cette contribution reconstruit trois controverses clés de la période 1998-2013 autour d’acord de la préservation du site, puis de sa « récupération » et finalement de l’occupation ultérieure des divers bâtiments de l’ESMA. Les positions des différents acteurs, les diverses notions de « mémoire » en litige, les fonctions du témoignage et les différentes articulations avec l’État sont analysées.
Un geste politique : la poignée de main Mitterrand-Kohl du 22 septembre 1984 à Douaumont. Entre image et mémoire
Authors: Audigier François
Published: April 2024

Le 22 septembre 1984, lors d’une commémoration des morts de la Première Guerre mondiale à l’ossuaire de Douaumont, le président de la République française, François Mitterrand, prend la main du chancelier allemand, Helmut Kohl. L’image de cet instant, qui combine solennité et émotion en un lieu éminemment symbolique, est saisie à la fois par des photographes et par les caméras de la télévision française, présente sur place. Qu’elle soit fixe ou animée, l’image est reprise dans les journaux télévisés du soir, avant, le lendemain, de s’afficher en Une des quotidiens français et allemands, puis de gagner les autres médias occidentaux. Ce visuel, devenu iconique au point d’illustrer plusieurs manuels scolaires, est souvent présenté comme la consécration, près de 20 ans après le traité de l’Élysée signé en 1963 entre Charles de Gaulle et Konrad Adenauer, de la réconciliation franco-allemande. Cette poignée de main entre les deux responsables politiques ne se limite pas à cette seule dimension. Après avoir rappelé les circonstances exactes de ce geste paradoxal puisqu’à la fois spontané et construit, nous en soulignerons la nature politique exacte (un geste de réparation envers l’Allemagne après l’absence de cette dernière lors des commémorations du débarquement de Normandie quelques mois plus tôt) avant d’observer ses résonances. L’auteur analyse sa rapide mise en mémoire qui a fait perdre à ce geste une partie de sa charge politique initiale pour l’ériger comme un lieu de mémoire européen.
Mémoire, souvenir, témoignage et récit dans Face à la mère, pièce de Jean-René Lemoine
Authors: Petitjean André
Published: April 2024

On assiste depuis quelques décennies à une véritable vogue de la parole solitaire au théâtre (monologues ou soliloques) sous la forme d’un personnage, seul en scène, qui parle et raconte. En prenant pour exemple la pièce Face à la mère de Jean-René Lemoine, il s’agit d’analyser son fonctionnement narratif eu égard à la problématique de la mémoire. Il apparaît que ce texte est un véritable récit mais qui repose sur une structure dialogale grâce à une alternance entre narration et monstration. Cela permet au personnage d’exercer une intense activité mémorielle en voyageant en permanence dans des chronotopes différents, passés et présents.
Les toponymes scientifiques comme gestes mémoriels
Authors: Boure Robert
Published: April 2024

Les lieux académiques (universités, instituts, laboratoires, amphithéâtres…) sont le plus fréquemment l’enjeu d’un travail de patrimonialisation, à travers l’attribution d’un nom de baptême qui rend hommage le plus souvent à un glorieux scientifique local, mais à la renommée nationale voire internationale. Cette contribution interroge les conditions de ce travail mémoriel et souligne combien les évolutions récentes de la politique universitaire française conduisent les établissements à changer de logique dans l’attribution des noms, au profit de logiques marketing territoriales et communicationnelles, au détriment souvent de la célébration de figures savantes.
Edgar Julius Jung (1894-1934), « conservateur révolutionnaire » et opposant à Hitler
Authors: Grunewald Michel
Published: April 2024

Engagé volontaire en 1914 dans les rangs de l’armée du Reich à l’âge de 20 ans, Edgar Julius Jung avait le grade de lieutenant quand l’Allemagne déposa les armes en 1918. Opposé d’emblée à la République, il participa à la répression qui s’abattait au printemps de 1919 à Munich sur les communistes et leurs alliés après l’effondrement de la « république des conseils » bavaroise. À partir du début de la phase de stabilisation de la République de Weimar, il abandonna définitivement l’action violente et mit sa plume au service d’un projet de Reich autoritaire, grand-allemand et d’organisation corporatiste. Après l’arrivée d’Hitler au pouvoir, il entra dans la « garde rapprochée » du vice-chancelier Franz von Papen dont il devint la plume. Dissimulant de moins en moins son opposition à Hitler à partir du début de 1934, il rédigea le discours très critique envers les nationaux-socialistes que F. von Papen prononça le 17 juin 1934 à l’université de Marbourg, marquant ainsi son désaccord avec la radicalisation sans cesse accrue du régime mis en place le 30 janvier 1933. Le pouvoir national-socialiste ne pardonna pas à E. J. Jung son rôle auprès de F. von Papen et le fit assassiner lors de la purge du 30 juin 1934.
Bouboule chez les Croix-de-Feu, de T. Trilby. L’engagement des femmes de la droite nationaliste dans la France des années 1930
Authors: Richard Gilles
Published: April 2024

Sous le nom de plume T. Trilby, Thérèse de Marnyhac (1875-1962) publia dans les années 1920-1930, chez Flammarion, une série de sept romans à succès mettant en scène une femme surnommée Bouboule, directement aux prises avec les transformations politiques et sociales de son temps. Aujourd’hui oubliés, ces romans politiques permirent à cette autrice catholique et nationaliste de mettre en scène le processus d’adhésion politique aux mouvements des Croix-de-Feu. L’auteure fait de Bouboule la porte-parole des femmes catholiques qui, face au danger bolchevique, souhaitent s’engager pour défendre la nation menacée. Elle montre ainsi le passage d’un engagement social vers un engagement politique. Volonté de s’engager sur le plan politique qui renvoie directement à la tradition de mobilisation collective des femmes catholiques, voulue et organisée par l’Église depuis la victoire des républicains à la fin des années 1870.
Identidad femenina y espiritualidad franciscana en la Península Ibérica durante la Edad Moderna
Authors: Martín García Alfredo
Published: April 2024

La Orden Tercera Franciscana Seglar, aunque de orígenes medievales, vivió un período de fuerte desarrollo en la Península Ibérica entre los siglos 17 y 18. Los múltiples privilegios espirituales que ofrecía, junto con la oferta de una religiosidad más intensa, imbuida por el reformismo tridentino, fueron las principales causas de este éxito. Dentro de un movimiento de carácter mixto, las mujeres contaron con ciertas dosis de autonomía, desarrollando una organización paralela, aunque siempre bajo el control de las autoridades masculinas. Nuestra intención en este estudio es analizar la importancia desempeñada por las terciarias en el conjunto general de este movimiento franciscano. Para tal fin, mediremos su peso cuantitativo en las diferentes fraternidades de España y Portugal, el papel desempeñado en la vida interna de las mismas, la relevancia de otras fórmulas específicamente femeninas también bajo el amparo del hábito terciario o, finalmente, las pautas de comportamiento femenino que se trataban de inculcar dentro del movimiento.
Manceba de clérigo en la Castilla Moderna. La ruptura del modelo de identidad femenina
Authors: Torremocha Hernández Margarita
Published: April 2024

Este trabajo se plantea como una mirada a las mujeres que, desatendiendo las imposiciones de una identidad femenina asignada desde el discurso de la Iglesia, optaron por vivir al margen de todo modelo, compartiendo vida y cama con un religioso. Ser manceba de un clérigo incontinente suponía pecar y delinquir, y en definitiva trasgredir. Dedicamos este análisis al tratamiento que la justicia civil les dio (a través del Archivo de la Real Chancillería de Valladolid) por transgredir las leyes y el modelo mujeril imperante, intentando conocer si fue una opción personal a pesar de lo que significaba, si fueron circunstancias tales como la pobreza o primaron los sentimientos y afectos en la decisión, cómo se vivió ese escándalo en la comunidad y las repercusiones sociales y procesales que les trajo su proceder en la Castilla Moderna.
Pensar y escribir en femenino como constructores de identidad en el siglo 19 en España
Authors: Calvo Caballero Pilar
Published: April 2024

Pensar y escribir en femenino son los enfoques utilizados para analizar a las escritoras domésticas (difusoras del ángel del hogar) en gestionar el déficit de libertad e igualdad femeninas en la segunda mitad del siglo 19. Estas escritoras idean estrategias y modulan el ángel del hogar dotándole de utilidad discursiva para visibilizar y conformar la identidad femenina, para concienciar a las mujeres de sus deberes y derechos (instrucción, libertad de pensamiento, respeto, trabajo y felicidad), para luchar por el desarrollo de su talento y de su dignidad sin ocultar el camino de sufrimiento. En un tiempo de realismo, estas escritoras domésticas retratan descarnadamente la condición femenina. Su brecha, análisis y diagnóstico sirvió para que las generaciones siguientes reivindicaran la igualdad política.
Mujeres, educación y política en España: 1900-1936
Authors: Rodríguez Serrador Sofía
Published: April 2024

Desde los años 20 las mujeres españolas participaron más activamente en la esfera pública, fruto de un proceso de culturización y un cambio de mentalidad en la sociedad. Reclamando una serie de derechos políticos y sociales: acceso a la educación, al voto, al divorcio... En estas primeras décadas se crearon espacios culturales netamente femeninos que propiciaron estos debates y consolidaron redes de sororidad, como la Residencia de Señoritas o el Lyceum Club. La influencia de las mujeres universitarias y su militancia política fue fundamental en la configuración de esos nuevos modelos de género.
Prevalence of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Northern West Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Authors: Arshad Muhammad , Khan Luqman , Nazeef Gulalai , Ali Hira , Ali Nasir , Khan Hidayat
Published: April 2024

Background: Leishmania parasites are the causative agent of leishmaniasis, and remain a significant public health concern in various regions of the world including Pakistan. A group of protozoan diseases transmitted to mammals including humans by female phlebotomine sandfly. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of cutaneous leishmaniasis in the residents of northern west districts of KP Pakistan.
Material and Method: Between July and October 2023, a total of three hundred and nineteen patients were recruited. A cross-sectional study was where suspected individuals were screened for the disease. Positive cases were identified based on the presence of characteristic skin lesions, and samples were examined by smear microscope.
Results: Among total 319, 302 (94.7 %) participants out of 319 were found to have cutaneous leishmaniasis, including 158 participant males and 144 females. Their age range was from (1 to 75). The highest frequency of Cutaneous leishmaniasis was noted as 128 cases in the age group (1-15 years). Among all tehsil in Bajaur district the greatest frequency was observed in Tehsil Mamond with 120 cases. The most Common lesion sites were the face (29.5%) Follow by nose (14.4%). This Results underscores the need for targeted interventions and public awareness.
Conclusion: Pakistan have seen epidemics recent years in northwestern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa like malaria and cutaneous leishmaniasis. Over a short period this report focuses on the current status of cutaneous leishmaniasis. Lack of essential knowledge among most participants regarding the disease, its prevention, transmission, and risk factors like socioeconomic and environmental factors, poses a serious threat of infection within local communities. This study emphasizes the need for regulations, prevention efforts, public health education, awareness campaigns, and effective disease management to control future outbreaks.
Incidence of Salmonella typhi in Blood Cultures and Antibiogram Patterns in Peshawar
Authors: Ahmad Nadir , Sanab Muhammad , Inayat Fawad , Shad Zar , Ahmad Mussadiq
Published: April 2024

Background: Typhoid fever, caused by Salmonella typhi, has become a major public health problem worldwide, particularly in developing nations like Pakistan, as a result of the emergence of resistant strains. The aim of this study was to identify unique differences in antibiotic susceptibility across Salmonella typhi isolates isolated from human blood samples, providing insight into critical patterns impacting successful treatment approaches.
Methodology: 2000 patients’ blood samples collect whose sign and symptom like typhoid positive individuals were cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar to detect Salmonella typhi. Biochemical assays were used to identify the bacterium, and the disc diffusion method on MHA agar was used to evaluate its susceptibility to eleven antibiotics.
Results: Salmonella typhi (5%) was identified from patients' blood samples. Ciprofloxacin resistance was found in 32% of those tested, followed by resistance to azithromycin (41%), ceftazidime (87%), cefotaxime (88%), sulactum/cefoperazone and piperacillin/tazobactam (89%), and chloramphenicol (97%) and Tigecycline, Imipenem, Gentamicin and Amikacin along with Meropenem shows 0% resistance toward bacterium otherwise there was no Funding.
Conclusion: According to our findings, Salmonella typhi very rapidly developing resistance to antimicrobial drugs as a result of virulence transfer and antibiotic resistance, this might lead to treatment failure in typhoid patients in Pakistan.
Estrategias para la educación inclusiva en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia: Experiencia de los programas especiales de admisión PAES y PEAMA
Authors: Leal Jaimes Leidy , Mendivelso Gómez Rafael
Published: April 2024

La Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL) ha implementado acciones de ingreso diferenciado por más de 30 años. Este artículo presenta un panorama del funcionamiento y quehacer de la educación inclusiva en la UNAL a partir de sus dos programas especiales de admisión en la actualidad: el Programa de Admisión Especial (PAES) y el Programa Especial de Admisión y Movilidad Académica (PEAMA). Se analizan aciertos, retos y oportunidades de mejora como el contexto de surgimiento, caracterización, impacto y acciones de fortalecimiento de los programas especiales de admisión. Así mismo, se valora la importancia que tienen estos programas para promover el acceso a la educación superior de poblaciones y territorios que han sido históricamente excluidos, constituyéndose como un modelo que podría ser tenido en cuenta en otras instituciones educativas de nivel superior que procuran un acceso y egreso más equitativo.
EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL CAPITAL ON FOOD SECURITY AMONG CASSAVA PROCESSORS IN OYO AND OGUN STATES, NIGERIA
Authors: O Adio M , O Olarinde L
Published: April 2024

Financial capital, captured in this study as formal and informal, has been identified as one of the major resources for the development of the agricultural and processing sectors.  Its traditional role in covering the financial gap for farmers and processors for increased productivity cannot be overemphasized and this provides the base for this study. Inadequate financial capabilities of the processors have overtime led to insufficient access to processing inputs and this has negative impact on the processors’ food security status. This paper assesses the effects of financial capital on food security, using a proportionate sample of 540 small scale cassava processors collected in Oyo and Ogun states, Nigeria. Econometric tools, techniques and indices used included the food security index and endogenous switching regression. The study found significant differences in the socioeconomic variables of the two processing groups of financial capital users, the more experienced and educated the processors were, the more likely they used formal financial capital?. In addition, the choice of formal financial capital tends to significantly improve the processors’ food security by 4.37% when compared to informal financial capital users, most especially it was effective at improving this outcome for more educated and experienced processing households. Hence, education and experience should be critical factors in formulating policies that will promote and ensure the appropriate use of financial capital among cassava processors.
Gastronomía étnica en contextos urbanos Diversidad, autenticidad y adaptación
Authors: González-Morale Diego Hernán s
Published: April 2024

La gastronomía étnica en contextos urbanos se ha convertido en un fenómeno de creciente relevancia, reflejando la diversidad cultural y la adaptación culinaria en las ciudades contemporáneas. Este fenómeno se manifiesta a través de la presencia significativa de restaurantes étnicos, representando alrededor del 30% de los establecimientos gastronómicos en áreas urbanas estudiadas. La variedad étnica es notable, con más del 60% de estos restaurantes ofreciendo cocina de tres o más culturas diferentes, lo que refleja la riqueza multicultural presente en estos entornos urbanos. Sin embargo, la autenticidad gastronómica es un aspecto discutido, con aproximadamente el 45% de los establecimientos promoviendo una experiencia culinaria auténtica, mientras que el 55% restante tiende a adaptar sus platos para satisfacer los gustos locales. Esta adaptación culinaria resalta la necesidad de encontrar un equilibrio entre la autenticidad cultural y la adaptación al contexto local para satisfacer las preferencias de un público diverso. Además, se observa una clara preferencia del público por restaurantes étnicos que logran este equilibrio, con más del 70% de los encuestados expresando una preferencia por una experiencia gastronómica auténtica pero también adaptada a los gustos locales. Finalmente, se destaca la influencia significativa de los medios de comunicación y las redes sociales en la promoción y difusión de la gastronomía étnica en entornos urbanos, lo que subraya la importancia de las tecnologías de la información en la configuración del panorama gastronómico urbano.
La importancia del liderazgo escolar en la mejora de los resultados educativos
Authors: Espinosa-Cevallos Paola Alejandra
Published: April 2024

El liderazgo escolar emerge como un componente crucial en la búsqueda de la excelencia educativa y la mejora de los resultados académicos. A través de una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura, se confirma que un liderazgo efectivo en las instituciones educativas está estrechamente vinculado con un mayor rendimiento estudiantil. Esta influencia positiva se refleja en tasas de graduación más altas, niveles superiores de logro académico y un clima escolar más propicio para el aprendizaje. Además, se destaca que el liderazgo escolar va más allá de la gestión administrativa, involucrando también aspectos pedagógicos y socioemocionales que inciden en el desarrollo integral de los estudiantes. Los líderes educativos que promueven la confianza, el cuidado y la equidad en sus comunidades escolares crean un ambiente propicio para el crecimiento académico y personal de los alumnos. Asimismo, se observa que un liderazgo escolar adaptable y proactivo en la integración de tecnologías emergentes en el proceso educativo puede potenciar la enseñanza y el aprendizaje, preparando a los estudiantes para enfrentar los desafíos del mundo moderno.
The Development of Islamic Education Syllabus in Secondary Schools between Malaysia and Sudan: Challenges and Prospects
Authors:   Academy of Contemporary of Islamic Studies Universiti Teknologi Mara (Shah Alam), Rasha Mostafa Abdelgadir  , Amiratul Munirah Binti Yahaya  ,   Academy of Contemporary of Islamic Studies Universiti Teknologi Mara (Shah Alam), Asmaa binti Mohd Arshad  ,   Academy of Contemporary of Islamic Studies Universiti Teknologi Mara (Shah Alam)
Published: April 2024

Comparative educational studies have played pivotal role in university research. However, comparative studies in the development of secondary education syllabus have not been given much consideration compare to higher education studies. This paper attempts to conduct comparative study on the development of syllabus in secondary schools between Sudan and Malaysia. Qualitative method and content analysis have been utilized to collect data beside semi structured interviews with Malaysian and Sudanese experts. The study come up with some results that may help to develop and improve syllabus that should be reformed to stay relevant. There are some challenges to develop syllabus that need to be taken into consideration by syllabus designers and experts such as differences in culture, language and educational environment, philosophy of education, religious diversity and Globalization and its impact on the attitudes and morals of students. The prospects are emphasized on shared values among religions in syllabus development such as justice, truth and human rights and encourage critical thinking in the contents of school’s syllabus.
Transposable elements regulate thymus development and function
Authors: Larouche Jean-David , Laumont Céline M , Trofimov Assya , Vincent Krystel , Hesnard Leslie , Brochu Sylvie , Côté Caroline , Humeau Juliette F , Bonneil Éric , Lanoix Joel , Durette Chantal , Gendron Patrick , Laverdure Jean-Philippe , Richie Ellen R , Lemieux Sébastien , Thibault Pierre , Perreault Claude
Published: April 2024

Transposable elements (TEs) are repetitive sequences representing ~45% of the human and mouse genomes and are highly expressed by medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs). In this study, we investigated the role of TEs on T-cell development in the thymus. We performed multiomic analyses of TEs in human and mouse thymic cells to elucidate their role in T-cell development. We report that TE expression in the human thymus is high and shows extensive age- and cell lineage-related variations. TE expression correlates with multiple transcription factors in all cell types of the human thymus. Two cell types express particularly broad TE repertoires: mTECs and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs). In mTECs, transcriptomic data suggest that TEs interact with transcription factors essential for mTEC development and function (e.g., PAX1 and REL), and immunopeptidomic data showed that TEs generate MHC-I-associated peptides implicated in thymocyte education. Notably, AIRE, FEZF2, and CHD4 regulate small yet non-redundant sets of TEs in murine mTECs. Human thymic pDCs homogenously express large numbers of TEs that likely form dsRNA, which can activate innate immune receptors, potentially explaining why thymic pDCs constitutively secrete IFN ɑ/β. This study highlights the diversity of interactions between TEs and the adaptive immune system. TEs are genetic parasites, and the two thymic cell types most affected by TEs (mTEcs and pDCs) are essential to establishing central T-cell tolerance. Therefore, we propose that orchestrating TE expression in thymic cells is critical to prevent autoimmunity in vertebrates.
La relación entre cooperativas de gran tamaño y la consolidación de clústeres cooperativos en el cooperativismo agrícola en Chile: un análisis espacial exploratorio
Authors: García-García Francisco , Sanguinet Eduardo , Sánchez Vanessa , Roco Lisandro
Published: April 2024

El cooperativismo agrícola en Chile no está consolidado al nivel que se encuentra en otros países de la OCDE, habiéndose desarrollado de forma espacialmente heterogénea en el país. Para conocer la consolidación territorial del cooperativismo agrícola en Chile, este trabajo se propone analizar los patrones de localización espacial de las cooperativas agrícolas en el país e identificar si sobre las cooperativas de Importancia Económica (IE) existen clústeres cooperativos agrícolas que las engloben. En este marco se han utilizado herramientas de agrupamiento no espacial —análisis de conglomerado y análisis de localización) y espacial (índice de Moran y análisis de correlación espacial—, para determinar la dependencia espacial en la concentración del cooperativismo agrícola en Chile. Los resultados indican la existencia de clústeres productivos cooperativos en las regiones de Los Ríos y Coquimbo, centrados en cooperativas de IE. Adicionalmente, sugieren una correlación positiva entre cooperativas de IE y los núcleos cooperativos a nivel regional.
Exploring Pedagogical Approaches for Teaching English to Generation Z: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Susanti Rini , Saha Shilpi , Mallya Deepali
Published: April 2024

There has been a paradigm shift in the knowledge acquisition over the decades with the advent of digital era and information and communication technology. In the traditional form knowledge transfer has been largely limited to lectures and discussions with the instructor being the focal point of knowledge transfer. In the current generation, where the Generation Z is the student herd, the knowledge acquisitions must adapt to compliment their skills and behavioral attributes. There seems to be a gap with Generation-Z learners being digitally –skilled but instructors either migrating to technology or being non-skilled. This objective of the paper is to understand the pedagogical approaches for teaching English as a Foreign Language (EFL) to the Generation Z using Bibliometric analysis. To do so, the paper has searched the SCOPUS database to examine the quality research conducted in this study until recently. The analysis included the keywords “Generation Z”, “Pedagogy” and “English Language Learning.” The results of the study indicate significant co-occurrences with mobile learning and e-learning. These papers emphasize the need for adapting technological tools to teach EFL to the Generation Z. Additionally, the limited research in this area indicates the enormous scope in this domain for further scientific inquiry and pedagogical recommendations.
Knowledge and Practices on Water, Sanitation, Hygiene and Waterborne Diseases among under-Five Children in Temeke District, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Munissi Hafidh S. , Mwalilino Jilisa K.
Published: April 2024

This study assessed the knowledge and practice of 220 respondents from three wards of Tanzania's Temeke Municipality regarding water, sanitation, hygiene, and water-borne diseases. The study used a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative data from the household survey with qualitative data from key informant interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, while the qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The results showed that the majority of respondents rely on public water sources (i.e. 40% on public taps and 36.9% on public water kiosk and of them all, only 16% of people boil their water before drinking. Furthermore, respondents recognised the importance of hand-washing during critical times. Only 31.7% and 72.6% use soap to wash their hands before and after meals, respectively. Based on respondents’ self reporting, diarrhoea was among the widely known WASH incidence (10.5%). Other mentioned incidences were cholera (8.2%) and typhoid (2.3%) and they were mainly affecting the under-five children (14.5%). The study concludes that respondents have a satisfactory understanding of sanitation and hygiene, though their practices remain disappointing. According to the study, any efforts to improve access to sanitation and hygiene must be combined with strategies to promote effective use of these services.
Impact of Climate Change on Global Agriculture: Challenges and Adaptation
Authors: Prajapati Harshad A. , Yadav Khushboo , Hanamasagar Yamuna , Kumar Margam Bharath , Khan Tanzeel , Belagalla Ningaraj , Thomas Vimala , Jabeen Afshan , Gomadhi G. , Malathi G.
Published: April 2024

Climate change poses a significant threat to global agriculture, disrupting crop production, soil health, water resources, and regional food security. This review paper comprehensively examines the multifaceted impacts of climate change on agriculture, highlighting challenges faced by vulnerable regions and crops. The adverse effects on crop production, soil health, and water resources are analyzed, emphasizing the urgent need for adaptation strategies and innovations. The review further explores global collaboration and policy frameworks aimed at fostering resilience in agriculture. By addressing these interconnected issues, the paper offers insights into mitigating the challenges posed by climate change and enhancing the sustainability of global agricultural systems. Climate change poses significant challenges to global agriculture, impacting crop yields, water availability, and agricultural productivity. This abstract provides an overview of the challenges posed by climate change to agriculture and discusses adaptation strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. Climate change affects agriculture through changes in temperature, precipitation patterns, extreme weather events, and shifts in pest and disease dynamics. These changes have profound implications for food security, rural livelihoods, and environmental sustainability. Adaptation strategies, including crop diversification, water management, adoption of climate-resilient agricultural practices, and technological innovations, are essential to enhance the resilience of agricultural systems to climate change. Collaborative efforts among governments, farmers, researchers, and policymakers are crucial to developing and implementing effective adaptation measures. By addressing the challenges posed by climate change and adopting adaptive strategies, global agriculture can become more resilient and sustainable in the face of changing climatic conditions.
Structure and Phase Behavior of the Expanded‐Metal Compound 7Li(ND3)4
Authors: Ibberson Richard M. , Fowkes Amelia J. , Rosseinsky Matthew J. , David William I. F. , Edwards Peter P.
Published: January 2009

Leichtgewicht: Die kubisch‐innenzentrierte Kristallstruktur von Lithium(0)‐tetraamin wurde mithilfe hochauflösender Neutronenpulverbeugungsstudien charakterisiert; unterhalb von 22 K entsteht eine einfache kubische Struktur. Die detaillierten Strukturdaten geben Einblicke in die Beziehung zwischen strukturellen und elektronischen Eigenschaften des leichtesten Metalls.

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Bio‐orthogonale Ligation im Fokus
Authors: Kurpiers Thomas , Mootz Henning D.
Published: January 2009

Durch Licht induziert wird eine neue bio‐orthogonale Ligationsmethode, die zur selektiven Modifikation von Proteinen in vitro und in lebenden Zellen eingesetzt werden kann. Dabei wird die Bildung der kovalenten Bindung zwischen einer Alkeneinheit und einem Tetrazol durch eine kurze Bestrahlung mit UV‐Licht ausgelöst und führt zur Bildung eines fluoreszierenden Pyrazolinaddukts (siehe Schema).

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Pentagerma[1.1.1]propellane: A Combined Experimental and Quantum Chemical Study on the Nature of the Interactions between the Bridgehead Atoms
Authors: Nied Dominik , Klopper Wim , Breher Frank
Published: January 2009

Ge, whiz! A detailed study of the synthesis, structure, redox chemistry, and bonding properties of pentagerma[1.1.1]propellane (1, see picture) examines fundamental aspects of the interactions between the bridgehead germanium atoms. DFT and CASSCF calculations unravel the biradicaloid characteristics of 1, and preliminary reactivity studies indicate that 1 features some radical‐type behavior.

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Diagnosability of fair discrete event systems
Authors: Biswas Santosh , Sarkar Dipankar , Mukhopadhyay Siddhartha , Patra Amit
Published: January 2009

Failure diagnosability has been widely studied using discrete event system (DES) models. It is, however, shown in this work by means of a counterexample that the diagnosability condition, which has been shown to be necessary and sufficient in the DES context, fails to hold for many real‐world hybrid systems. This is because the abstraction employed in formulating the DES models obliterates the continuous dynamics. In the present work, a new failure diagnosability mechanism has been developed for discrete time hybrid system (DTHS) models to alleviate this problem. A new diagnosability condition is proposed and its necessity and sufficiency with respect to the diagnosability definition are established formally. Finally, the method of A‐diagnosability, which can also be used to circumvent this problem and which needs additional probabilistic information for diagnosability analysis, has been shown to have a higher computational complexity than the DTHS model based method proposed in this paper. Further, it is also highlighted that the DTHS model based diagnosability analysis technique is capable of diagnosing faults that degrade the temporal performance of the system, which cannot be handled by the A‐diagnosability analysis mechanism. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
Delay‐range‐dependent bounded real lemma for time‐delay systems
Authors: Li Tao , Guo Lei , Lin Chong , Zhang Yuming
Published: January 2009

In this paper, Bounded Real Lemma (BRL) for linear systems with time‐varying delay in a range is described. Unlike previous results, the low bound of the range is not restricted to be 0. Based on a new Lyapunov‐Krasovskii functional, a delay‐range‐dependent BRL is obtained in term of linear matrix inequality. It is shown that this new BRL can provide less conservative results than some existing ones. When time‐varying linear fractional form uncertainties appear in the delay system, a robust delay‐range‐dependent BRL is also given. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed approach. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley and Sons Asia Pte Ltd and Chinese Automatic Control Society
A Windows‐based software package to evaluate residual stresses by the incremental hole‐drilling technique
Authors: Nobre J. P. , Dias A. M. , Domingos A. J. , Morais R. , Reis M. J. C. S.
Published: January 2009

A new software package for the incremental hole‐drilling technique (IHD) is presented in connection with undergraduate mechanical engineering education. The main available technical residual stresses evaluation procedures for applying IHD in isotropic materials are reviewed and have been included in the package. It has an easy‐to‐use, friendly interface, and can be used as a tool to teach the IHD technique or as a laboratory to study its applicability to real world problems. A set of exercises have been prepared, which are freely distributed to our students, in order to show the full potential of the package, but the students can also do simulations and experiments with their own data. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 17: 351–362, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com); DOI 10.1002/cae.20225
Direct Measurements of Instantaneous Solid Flux in a CFB Riser using a Novel Multifunctional Optical Fiber Probe
Authors: Ye S. , Qi X. , Zhu J.
Published: January 2009

With a novel optical fiber probe that can measure instantaneous local particle velocity and solid concentration simultaneously, extensive experiments were conducted to study transient flow structures in a 15.1‐m long circulating fluidized bed (CFB) riser of 100 mm in diameter. This study analyzed the radial and axial distributions of solid concentration, particle velocity, and their variations with nine operating conditions and at six axial levels. Instantaneous local solid concentration and particle velocity were found to be well correlated at most of the radial positions. The detailed time evolution, axial and radial distribution of instantaneous solid flux, and the variation of solid flux with operating conditions were also investigated. The radial solid flux profile showed a flat shape with a maximum at near wall area under most operating conditions. The instantaneous solid flux was found to have a strong fluctuation at a radial position of r/R = 0.8 ~ 0.9.
Probability Density Function (PDF) Simulation of Turbulent Reactive Gas‐Solid Flow in a Riser
Authors: Vegendla S. N. P. , Heynderickx G. J. , Marin G. B.
Published: January 2009

A hybrid Lagrangian‐Eulerian methodology is developed for the numerical simulation of turbulent reactive gas‐solid flow. The SO2‐NOx Adsorption Process (SNAP) in a riser reactor with dilute gas‐solid flow is taken as a test case. A three‐dimensional time‐dependent simulation is performed. By using the transported composition PDF method [1], modeling of the mean chemical source term and mass transfer terms in the gas‐solid flow model equations is no longer needed. A notional particle‐based Monte‐Carlo algorithm is used to solve the transported composition PDF equations. A Finite‐Volume technique is used to calculate the hydrodynamic fields from the Reynolds Averaged Navier Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the k‐ϵ turbulence model for the gas phase and the Kinetic Theory of Granular Flow (KTGF) for the solid phase [2]. The newly developed hybrid solution technique is tested with the SNAP chemistry that has a total of 13 scalars (i.e., 5 gas phase components and 8 solid phase species) for which the composition fields of the reactive species are calculated. A good agreement between simulated and experimental gas‐outlet composition of a demonstration unit is obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Solid Solutions in the System Ge—Sb—Te: The Crystal Structure of 33R‐Ge4‐xSb2‐yTe7 (x, y ≈ 0.1) Is Isostructural to that of Ge3Sb2Te6.
Authors: Schneider Matthias N. , Oeckler Oliver
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Temperature‐Dependent Changes of the Crystal Structure of Li2B4O7.
Authors: Sennova N. , Bubnova R. S. , Cordier G. , Albert B. , Filatov S. K. , Isaenko L.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymorphy of Monoclinic Terbium Triborate, TbB3O6.
Authors: Becker P. , Froehlich R.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvothermal Synthesis and Luminescent Properties of Two Organically Templated Chain‐Structure Fluorides, [C4H14N2][MF5] (M: In, Sc).
Authors: Jayasundera Anil C. A. , Finch Adrian A. , Wormald Philip , Lightfood Philip
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Thermal Treatment on the Electronic Conductivity Properties of Cobalt Spinel Phases Synthesized by Electro‐Oxidation in Ternary Alkaline Electrolyte (KOH, LiOH, NaOH).
Authors: Douin Myriam , Guerlou‐Demourgues Liliane , Menetrier Michel , Bekaert Emilie , Goubault Lionel , Bernard Patrick , Delmas Claude
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural and Spectroscopic Study of Mg13.4(OH)6(HVO4)2 (H0.2VO4)6.
Authors: Dordevic T. , Karanovic Lj. , Tillmanns E.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation and Characterization of an α‐Wells—Dawson‐Type [V2Mo18O62]6‐ Complex.
Authors: Himeno Sadayuki , Kawasaki Keishi , Hashimoto Masato
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Iodine Catenation in the Anionic Chains [Pd2I6(I2)]2‐.
Authors: Walbaum C. , Pantenburg I. , Meyer G.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Tetrabutylammonium Tetra(tert‐Butyl Alcohol)‐Coordinated Fluoride as a Facile Fluoride Source.
Authors: Kim Dong Wook , Jeong Hwan‐Jeong , Lim Seok Tae , Sohn Myung‐Hee
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Dialkylzinc Reagents to α′‐Oxy Enones.
Authors: Garcia Jesus M. , Gonzalez Alberto , Kardak Bharat G. , Odriozola Jose M. , Oiarbide Mikel , Razkin Jesus , Palomo Claudio
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: PEG‐SO3H as Soluble Acidic Polymeric Catalyst for Regioselective Ring Opening of Epoxides: A High‐Efficient Synthetic Approach to β‐Hydroxy Thiocyanates.
Authors: Kiasat Ali Reza , Mehrjardi Mehdi Fallah
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: cis‐Selective Single‐Cleavage Skeletal Rearrangement of 1,6‐Enynes Reveals the Multifaceted Character of the Intermediates in Metal‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerizations.
Authors: Jimenez‐Nunez Eloisa , Claverie Christelle K. , Bour Christophe , Cardenas Diego J. , Echavarren Antonio M.
Published: January 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.