bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Performance Assessment of Layered Thermobaric Explosive in an Explosion Chamber
Authors: Xu Qi Peng , Zhang Yu Lei , Wang Xin Jie , Su Jian Jun , Liu Yan , Huang Feng Lei
Published: July 2020

Explosion experiments of cyclotetramethylene tetranitramine (HMX) based layered thermobaric explosive (TBX) were carried out in an explosion chamber. The layered TBX was prepared by combination of both press and cast procedures, and the shock overpressure, quasi‐static pressure (QSP), heat flux, and oxygen concentration data were obtained. The results show that the corresponding parameters of TBX are significantly larger compared with TNT, which indicates obvious thermobaric effects of TBX. To correctly evaluate the performance of the layered TBX, the TNT equivalent model based on the overpressure and QSP of TBX was established, which could reflect the two stages of detonation and post combustion effects of the TBX.
Crystal structure of a GH1 β‐glucosidase from Hamamotoa singularis
Authors: Uehara Ryo , Iwamoto Riki , Aoki Sayaka , Yoshizawa Takuya , Takano Kazufumi , Matsumura Hiroyoshi , Tanaka Shun‐ichi
Published: July 2020

A GH1 β‐glucosidase from the fungus Hamamotoa singularis (HsBglA) has high transgalactosylation activity and efficiently converts lactose to galactooligosaccharides. Consequently, HsBglA is among the most widely used enzymes for industrial galactooligosaccharide production. Here, we present the first crystal structures of HsBglA with and without 4′‐galactosyllactose, a tri‐galactooligosaccharide, at 3.0 and 2.1 Å resolutions, respectively. These structures reveal details of the structural elements that define the catalytic activity and substrate binding of HsBglA, and provide a possible interpretation for its high catalytic potency for transgalactosylation reaction.
Effect of ammonia, ammonia‐water, and sulfuric acid on the HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + 3O2 reaction in troposphere: Competition between stepwise and one‐step mechanisms
Authors: Wen Mingjie , Cao Xiru , Zhang Yongqi , Liang Meng , Zhang Tianlei , Muthiah Balaganesh , Zhou Ke , Roy Soumendra K. , Lily Makroni
Published: July 2020

A detailed theoretical study on the reaction mechanisms for the formations of H2O2 + 3O2 from the self‐reaction of HO2 radicals under the effect of NH3, H3N···H2O, and H2SO4 catalysts was performed using the CCSD(T)/CBS//M06‐2X/aug‐cc‐pVTZ method. The rate constant was computed using canonical variational transition state theory (CVT) with small curvature tunneling (SCT). Our results indicate that NH3‐, H3N···H2O‐, and H2SO4‐catalyzed reactions could proceed through both one‐step and stepwise routes. Calculated rate constants show that the catalyzed routes in the presence of the three catalysts all prefer stepwise pathways. Compared to the catalytic efficiency of H2O, the efficiencies of NH3, H3N···H2O, and H2SO4 are much lower due to their smaller relative concentrations. The present results have provided a definitive example of how basic and acidic catalysts influence the atmospheric reaction of HO2 + HO2 → H2O2 + 3O2. These results further encourage one to consider the effects of basic and acidic catalysts on the related atmospheric reactions. Thus, the present investigation should have broad implications in the gas‐phase reactions of the atmosphere.
Effects of Online Content‐Focused Coaching on Discussion Quality and Reading Achievement: Building Theory for How Coaching Develops Teachers’ Adaptive Expertise
Authors: Correnti Richard , Matsumura Lindsay Clare , Walsh Marguerite , Zook-Howell Dena , Bickel Donna DiPrima , Yu Baeksan
Published: July 2020

The authors conducted a small‐scale randomized control trial (n = 31 teachers) of Online Content‐Focused Coaching, an intervention consisting of an online workshop followed by multiple cycles of remote video‐based coaching, to support dialogic text discussions. Findings demonstrate the efficacy of Online Content‐Focused Coaching in three different ways. First, the authors’ analyses, after accounting for differential attrition among groups, demonstrate an existence proof for effects of the intervention on both classroom text discussion quality and student achievement. Second, the authors examined and demonstrated an association between the magnitude of changes in discussion quality and the magnitude of achievement gains. Finally, the authors propose and examine evidence to support a theory for how teachers develop adaptive expertise for facilitating dialogic text discussions. Results show that teachers’ use of transitional and some aspirational discussion moves grew from baseline to the end of the workshop, with limited growth in the quality of students’ contributions. Over the coaching phase of the intervention, teachers’ facilitation moves grew substantively, and so did students’ strong contributions. The authors interpret the results to suggest that the workshop was critical for developing teachers’ knowledge of the features of dialogism and that coach‐guided reflection was essential for developing teachers’ expertise at using facilitation moves to elicit student thinking. Findings contribute to a validity argument for the efficacy of Online Content‐Focused Coaching. More importantly, investigating and describing the process of teaching change is the study’s main theoretical contribution.
Two‐dimensional transvaginal sonography vs saline contrast sonohysterography for diagnosing endometrial polyps: systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sanin‐Ramirez D. , Carriles I. , Graupera B. , Ajossa S. , Neri M. , Rodriguez I. , Pascual M. Á. , Guerriero S. , Alcázar J. L.
Published: July 2020

Objective

To compare the diagnostic performance of two‐dimensional transvaginal sonography (TVS) and saline contrast sonohysterography (SCSH) for the diagnosis of endometrial polyps in studies that used both tests in the same group of patients.

Methods

This was a systematic review and meta‐analysis. An extensive search was conducted of Medline (PubMed), Cochrane Library and Web of Science, for studies comparing the diagnostic performance of TVS and SCSH for identifying endometrial polyps, published between January 1990 and December 2019, that reported a definition of endometrial polyp on TVS and SCSH and used pathologic analysis as the reference standard. Quality of the included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies‐2 (QUADAS‐2) tool. A random‐effects model was used to determine pooled sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios of TVS and SCSH in the detection of endometrial polyps. Subanalysis according to menopausal status was performed.

Results

In total, 1278 citations were identified; after exclusions, 25 studies were included in the meta‐analysis. In the included studies, the risk of bias evaluated using QUADAS‐2 was low for most of the four domains, except for flow and timing, which had an unclear risk of bias in 13 studies. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative likelihood ratios for TVS in the detection of endometrial polyps were 55.0% (95% CI, 46.0–64.0%), 91.0% (95% CI, 86.0–94.0%), 5.8 (95% CI, 3.9–8.7) and 0.5 (95% CI, 0.41–0.61), respectively. The corresponding values for SCSH were 92.0% (95% CI, 87.0–95.0%), 93.0% (95% CI, 91.0–95.0%), 13.9 (95% CI, 9.9–19.5) and 0.08 (95% CI, 0.05–0.14), respectively. Significant differences were found when comparing the methods in terms of sensitivity (P < 0.001), but not for specificity (P = 0.0918). Heterogeneity was high for TVS and moderate for SCSH. On subanalysis according to menopausal status, SCSH was found to have higher diagnostic accuracy in both pre‐ and postmenopausal women; sensitivity and specificity did not differ significantly between the groups for either TVS or SCSH.

Conclusion

Given that SCSH has better diagnostic positive and negative likelihood ratios than does TVS in both pre‐ and postmenopausal women, those with clinical suspicion of endometrial polyps should undergo SCSH if TVS findings are inconclusive. © 2020 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Theoretical basis for evaluating the deformability of rock blocks
Authors: Galindo Rubén , Serrano Alcibiades , Sánchez José
Published: July 2020

A theoretical basis for evaluating the deformability of rock blocks is presented in this study and is used to derive an equation that governs the relationship between the normal force applied and the displacement produced. This relationship depends on the distribution of forces in the contact; therefore, it depends on the load process acting at the asperities of the rock block. Most previous studies do not take into account the crushing effect of the contact points and do not address large pressures. However, this effect is more crucial when the material is thicker. The interpretation of the deformability tests with coarse granular materials is difficult because the stresses within the material are not known but are estimated from boundary conditions. The load is distributed in a general situation between asperities in an elastic state, asperities in a plastic state and the body of the block. A mathematical model based on a suitable geometrical characterization of the roughness of the surface of the rock block, height and radius, and well‐known mechanical principles is developed. This model makes it possible to evaluate partially the force‐displacement relationship of particle breakage tests. The main objective is to obtain the stress‐strain relationship of rock blocks considering the influence of roughness on its surface. The described theoretical formulation is applied to the rockfill of the dock of the Minerales harbor (Huelva). Their strength characteristics and deformation modulus are known, and the distribution of roughness on its surface is obtained using a specialized scanner on one of the block samples. From these results, the arrangement of the irregularities and the parameters of this developed mathematical model are applied to obtain adequate predictions and behavior patterns of particle breakage tests. The developed model adequately reproduces the different behaviors of the force‐displacement relationship depending on the fragility index (FI). Realistic values of this index make it possible to obtain adequate predictions.
Fecal sex steroids and reproductive behaviors in harpy eagles (Harpia harpyja)
Authors: Blank Marcel H. , de Oliveira Marcos J. , Cubas Zalmir S. , de Morae Wanderlei , Moreira Nei , Pereira Ricardo J. G.
Published: July 2020

Aiming to improve our reproductive knowledge of large birds of prey, behavioral data and fecal steroids were assessed in captive pairs of Harpy eagles, a keystone species that is monogamous and resides in the Neotropics year‐round. Adult individuals exhibited different reproductive outcomes and a breeding season extending beyond summer solstice (5–9 months) suggests that harpy eagles may not be absolutely photorefractory. Comparisons among breeding stages in males revealed that mean androgen levels in courtship were higher than in copulation and incubation, but no differences were detected in fecal progestagens or estrogens. Females had higher mean estrogen concentrations in courtship and copulation, whereas mean progestagen levels peaked during egg laying. Mean androgen concentrations were not significantly different among breeding stages in females. Assessment of six egg‐lay cycles from three females demonstrated that fecal estrogens peaked predominantly between 31 and 18 days before oviposition (–31 to –18 days), and then remained low until 45 days after laying the first egg (+45 days). In contrast, fecal progestagens raised mostly between –20 and +1 day, lowering to baseline concentrations by +3 days. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe in detail endocrine and behavioral data regarding reproduction in tropical eagles, which may serve in the future as a reference to developing breeding programs.
A systematic material-oriented design approach for lightweight components and the CFRP motor wheel case study
Authors: Cocchi Davide , Raimondi Luca , Brugo Tommaso Maria , Zucchelli Andrea
Published: July 2020

Lightweighting is a need in many industrial fields and, in particular, in transports, to reduce energy consumptions and to promote more environmentally friendly solutions. In this context, the use of composite materials has become ever more strategic, and a design approach that effectively combines shapes and materials is by now mandatory. In this work, the Systematic Design Approach has been extended to include potentialities and constraints related to materials and manufacturing at the early steps of the design flow. The proposed approach, named systematic material-oriented design approach, enables designers to identify and to select, in a systematic way, design solutions where shapes are tailored to materials and where benefits and criticalities related to the manufacturing processes are considered. In the paper, each design phase of the approach is described and applied to design the carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) motor wheel of the Emilia 4 solar vehicle. Optimization steps of geometry and materials complete the approach. The design of the wheel is fully detailed as well as its manufacturing and bending tests under static and fatigue conditions. In particular, strain fields were measured with a 3D digital image correlation (DIC) system during static tests to validate the numerical model.
Coral loss alters guarding and farming behavior of a Caribbean damselfish
Authors: Di Santo Valentina , O’Boyle Lois A. , Saylor Ryan K. , Dabruzzi Theresa F. , Covell Marthe A. , Kaack Katrina , Scharer Rachel , Seger Katherine , Favazza Nicholas , Pomory Christopher M. , Bennett Wayne A.
Published: July 2020

Coral loss is a major element of global ecological change in the oceans that may shape the behavior of keystone species such as habitat-attached animals. Farming damselfishes cultivate and aggressively protect algal garden within their territory, thereby shaping local fish assemblages and macro-algae diversity. Following the widespread loss of live branching coral throughout Florida and the Caribbean Sea, dusky damselfish (Stegastes adustus) have modified their territorial behavior. We compared antagonistic behavior, and size and algal species composition of territories of dusky damselfish on dead branching coral rubble and live boulder coral in the Dry Tortugas National Park, USA. Even though similar numbers of “intruders” entered each habitat type, dusky damselfish on rubble territories chased out significantly more fishes, had larger territories and more species of algae were present in their gardens. This study shows that dusky damselfish successfully occupy living and dead coral areas; however, there are potential trade-offs between defending a larger territory and cultivating fewer algal species.
Correction to: Shining light on deep-sea bioluminescence. Editorial comment on the highlight article “Biochemical characterization of diverse deep-sea anthozoan bioluminescence systems” by M. Bessho-Uehara et al. 2020
Authors: Voolstra Christian R.
Published: July 2020

Unfortunately, the author name in the article title is incorrectly published in the original online published article.
Typical imaging finding of hepatic infections: a pictorial essay
Authors: Malekzadeh Sonaz , Widmer Lucien , Salahshour Faezeh , Egger Bernhard , Ronot Maxime , Thoeny Harriet C.
Published: July 2020

Hepatic infections are frequent in clinical practice. Although epidemiological, clinical and laboratory data may suggest hepatic infection in certain cases, imaging is nearly always necessary to confirm the diagnosis, assess disease extension and its complications, evaluate the response to treatment, and sometimes to make differential diagnoses such as malignancies. Ultrasound (US) is usually the first-line investigation, while computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) provide better characterization and a more precise assessment of local extension, especially biliary and vascular. The purpose of this article is to describe the typical features and main complications of common hepatic infections. Familiarity with the radiological features of this entity can help suggest the correct diagnosis and the need for further studies as well as determine appropriate and timely treatment.
Anti-PD-1 antibody increases NK cell cytotoxicity towards nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells in the context of chemotherapy-induced upregulation of PD-1 and PD-L1
Authors: Makowska Anna , Meier Selina , Shen Lian , Busson Pierre , Baloche Valentin , Kontny Udo
Published: July 2020

Background

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly malignant epithelial cancer linked to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) infection. Tumors are characterized by a lymphomononuclear infiltrate and the number of natural killer (NK) cells in tumors appears to be of prognostic significance. Standard treatment for NPC in adolescents and young adults consists of induction chemotherapy followed by radiochemotherapy. Though survival rates are above 80%, the majority of patients suffer from long-term side-effects, mainly related to radiotherapy. The addition of immunotherapy to induction chemotherapy could improve tumor response.

Methods

We have investigated the killing of NPC cells by NK cells in the context of chemotherapy, using a panel of three nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft. Cytotoxicity was measured using the calcein-release assay, while the contribution of different checkpoints and signaling pathways to killing was studied by siRNA-mediated gene silencing and chemical inhibitors.

Results

Chemotherapeutics cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and gemcitabine sensitized NPC cells to killing by NK cells. Chemotherapeutics led to upregulation of PD-1 in NK cells and PD-L1 in NPC cells via NF-κB. Inhibition of the PD-L1/PD-1 checkpoint by an anti-PD-1 antibody or siRNA increased NK-cell cytotoxicity towards NPC cells.

Conclusion

The addition of an anti-PD-1 antibody to chemotherapy in patients with NPC could increase the efficacy of induction chemotherapy. If confirmed in a clinical trial, more efficient induction therapy could allow the dose of radiotherapy to be reduced and thereby diminish severe late effects of such therapy.
Reliability of humeral head measurements performed using two- and three-dimensional computed tomography in patients with shoulder instability
Authors: Stefaniak Jakub , Kubicka A. M. , Wawrzyniak A. , Romanowski L. , Lubiatowski P.
Published: July 2020

Purpose

The aim of the study was to compare two measurement methods of humeral head defects in patients with shoulder instability. Intra- and inter-observer reliability of humeral head parameters were performed with the use of 2D and 3D computed tomography.

Methods

The study group was composed of one hundred humeral heads measured with the use of preoperative 2D and 3D computed tomography by three independent observers (two experienced and one inexperienced). All observers repeated measurements after 1 week. The intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and the minimal detectable change with 95% confidence (MDC95%) were used for statistical analysis of diagnostic agreement.

Results

For 3D inter-observer reliability, ICC values were “excellent” for all parameters and MDC95% values were “excellent” or “reasonable.” All intra-observer ICC and MDC95% values for 3D were “excellent” for experienced and inexperienced observers. For 2D-CT, ICC values were usually “good” or “moderate” with MDC95% values higher than 10 or 30%.

Conclusions

Three-dimensional CT measurements are more reliable than 2D for humeral head and Hill-Sachs lesion assessment. This study showed that 2D measurements, even performed by experienced observers (orthopaedic surgeons), are burdened with errors. The 3D reconstruction decreased the risk of error by eliminating inaccuracy in setting the plane of the measurements.
Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric testing of the Dutch and German versions of the Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire in people with rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Hammond Alison , Meesters Jorit , Niedermann Karin , Tennant Alan , Vliet Vlieland Thea , Tyson Sarah , Nordenskiöld Ulla
Published: July 2020

The Evaluation of Daily Activity Questionnaire (EDAQ) is a detailed patient-reported outcome measure of activity ability. The objective of this research was to assess the linguistic and cross-cultural validity and psychometric properties of the EDAQ in rheumatoid arthritis for Dutch and German speakers. The EDAQ was translated into Dutch and German using standard methods. A total of 415 participants (Dutch n = 252; German n = 163) completed two questionnaires about four weeks apart. The first included the EDAQ, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and 36-item Short-Form v2 (SF-36v2) and the second, the EDAQ only. We examined construct validity using Rasch analysis for the two components (Self-Care and Mobility) of the Dutch and German EDAQ. Language invariance was also tested from the English version. We examined internal consistency, concurrent and discriminant validity and test–retest reliability in the 14 EDAQ domains. The Self-Care and Mobility components satisfied Rasch model requirements for fit, unidimensionality and invariance by language. Internal consistency for all 14 domains was mostly good to excellent (Cronbach’s alpha ≥ 0.80). Concurrent validity was mostly strong: HAQ rs = 0.65–0.87; SF36v2 rs = − 0.61 to − 0.87. Test–retest reliability was excellent [ICC (2,1) = 0.77–0.97]. The EDAQ has good reliability and validity in both languages. The Dutch and German versions of the EDAQ can be used as a measure of daily activity in practice and research in the Netherlands and German- speaking countries.
Laryngopharyngeal reflux as a potential cause of persistent local neck symptoms after total thyroidectomy
Authors: Cipolla Calogero , Macaione Ina , Vieni Salvatore , Latteri Mario , Vullo Angela , Graceffa Giuseppa , Fiorentino Eugenio
Published: July 2020

Purpose

Local neck symptoms (LNS) may be related to goiter, but are also reported by patients suffering from laryngeal–pharyngeal reflux (LPR). The aim of this study was to investigate whether LPR could play a role in the persistence of some LNS after total thyroidectomy (TT).

Methods

A consecutive case series of 160 patients with multinodular goiter (MNG) candidate for TT were included in this study. Each patient was closely studied for both the thyroid pathology and reflux disease before and 6 months after surgery to assess the persistence of LNS after surgery.

Results

Only throat discomfort showed a significant improvement (p  = 0.031) after surgery. On the other hand, swallowing and voice disorders persisted after surgery in 82.3% and 77.3% of patients, respectively (p  = 0.250 and p  = 0.062), such as the correlated reflux laryngopharyngitis (p  = 0.5).

Conclusions

LPR can be considered a predisposing factor or an important concurrent causa to the persistence of LNS after TT, in particular for swallowing disorders and voice disorders. In patients with non-toxic MNG who complain of local neck symptoms, the investigation of a possible coexistence of a reflux disease is appropriate before surgery. Patients should be informed about the possibility that some symptoms can persist even after removal of the goiter.
Transplantation of R-GSIK scaffold with mesenchymal stem cells improves neuroinflammation in a traumatic brain injury model
Authors: Sahab Negah Sajad , Shirzad Mohammad Moein , Biglari Ghazale , Naseri Farzin , Hosseini Ravandi Hassan , Hassani Dooghabadi Ali , Gorji Ali
Published: July 2020

Neural tissue engineering has been introduced as a novel therapeutic strategy for traumatic brain injury (TBI). Transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been demonstrated to improve functional outcome of brain injury, and RADA4GGSIKVAV (R-GSIK), a self-assembling nano-peptide scaffold, has been suggested to promote the behavior of stem cells. This study was designed to determine the ability of the R-GSIK scaffold in supporting the effects of MSCs on motor function activity and inflammatory responses in an experimental TBI model. A significant recovery of motor function was observed in rats that received MSCs+R-GSIK compared with the control groups. Further analysis showed a reduction in the number of reactive astrocytes and microglial cells in the MSCs and MSCs+R-GSIK groups compared with the control groups. Furthermore, western blot analysis indicated a significant reduction in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as TLR4, TNF, and IL6, in the MSCs and MSCs+R-GSIK groups compared with the TBI, vehicle, and R-GSIK groups. Overall, this study strengthens the idea that the co-transplantation of MSCs with R-GSIK can increase functional outcomes by preparing a beneficial environment. This improvement may be explained by the immunomodulatory effects of MSCs and the self-assembling nano-scaffold peptide.
Claims in orthopedic foot/ankle surgery, how can they help to improve quality of care? A retrospective claim analysis
Authors: Sanders Fay R. K. , Wimmer-Boelhouwers Patricia , Dijt Onno X. , Kerkhoffs Gino M. M. J. , Schepers Tim
Published: July 2020

Background

Orthopedic foot/ankle surgery is a high risk specialty when it comes to malpractice claims. This study aims to evaluate the incidence, characteristics and outcome of claims in this area.

Methods

This was a retrospective, 10-year claim analysis, with data from an anonymous database. Baseline claim/claimant characteristics were collected from all orthopedic foot/ankle-related cases.

Results

Of 460 claims in total, most were related to delay in/wrong diagnosis or to (complications of) elective surgical procedures. Whether a claim was settled was related to type of injury (fracture) and type of claim (diagnostic mistake). Median amount disbursed in settled claims was €12,549. Claim incidence did not increase over the years.

Conclusion

Missed fracture diagnosis and “failed”/disappointing results of elective surgical procedures were the most common causes for claims. Sufficient knowledge of missed (foot) fractures and clear communication/expectation management before elective procedures could help to improve quality of healthcare and patient satisfaction.
Influence of post-disaster evacuation on incidence of hyperuricemia in residents of Fukushima Prefecture: the Fukushima Health Management Survey
Authors: Hashimoto Shigeatsu , Nagai Masato , Ohira Tetsuya , Fukuma Shingo , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Yasumura Seiji , Satoh Hiroaki , Suzuki Hitoshi , Sakai Akira , Ohtsuru Akira , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Takahashi Atsushi , Okazaki Kanako , Kobashi Gen , Kamiya Kenji , Yamashita Shunichi , Fukuhara Shun-ichi , Ohto Hitoshi ,   the Fukushima Health Management Survey Group, Ohto Hitoshi , Abe Masafumi , Yamashita Shunichi , Kamiya Kenii , Yasumura Seiji , Hosoya Mitsuaki , Ohtsuru Akira , Sakai Akira , Suzuki Shinichi , Yabe Hirooki , Maeda Masaharu , Matsui Shirou , Fujimori Keiya , Ishikawa Tetsuo , Ohira Tetsuya , Watanabe Tsuyoshi , Satoh Hiroaki , Suzuki Hitoshi , Kawasaki Yukihiko , Takahashi Atsushi , Ozasa Kotaro , Kobashi Gen , Hashimoto Shigeatsu , Suzuki Satoru , Fukushima Toshihiko , Midorikawa Sanae , Shimura Hiromi , Mashiko Hirofumi , Goto Aya , Nollet Kenneth Eric , Niwa Shinichi , Takahashi Hideto , Shibata Yoshisada
Published: July 2020

Aim

After the Great East Japan Earthquake, over 160,000 residents in Fukushima Prefecture were forced to evacuate the area around the Fukushima Daiichi power plant following nuclear accident there. Health problems in these evacuees have since become a major issue. We have examined the association between evacuation and incidence of hyperuricemia among residents in Fukushima.

Methods

We conducted a cohort study of residents aged 40–90 years without hyperuricemia at the time of the Fukushima disaster. Among 8173 residents who met the inclusion criteria before the disaster, 4789 residents (men: 1971, women: 2818; follow-up duration: 1.38 years; and follow-up rate: 58.6%) remained available for follow-up examinations at the end of March 2013. The main endpoint was incidence of hyperuricemia, defined by the Japanese committee guidelines, using local health data from before and after the disaster. We divided participants by evacuation status and compared outcomes between groups. Using a logistic regression model, we estimated the odds ratio for incidence of hyperuricemia, adjusting for potential confounders, age, gender, waist circumference, physical activity, and alcohol consumption.

Results

Incidence of hyperuricemia was higher in evacuees (men 10.1%; women 1.1%) than in non-evacuees (men 7.4%, women 1.0%). Evacuees had higher body mass index, waist circumference, triglycerides, LDL-cholesterol, fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and lower HDL-cholesterol after the disaster than non-evacuees. We found that evacuation was associated with incidence of hyperuricemia (adjusted odds ratio: 1.38; 95% confidence interval: 1.03–1.86).

Conclusion

This is the first study to demonstrate an association between evacuation after a disaster and increased incidence of hyperuricemia.
A dynamical system approach for detection and reaction to human guidance in physical human–robot interaction
Authors: Khoramshahi Mahdi , Billard Aude
Published: July 2020

A seamless interaction requires two robotic behaviors: the leader role where the robot rejects the external perturbations and focuses on the autonomous execution of the task, and the follower role where the robot ignores the task and complies with human intentional forces. The goal of this work is to provide (1) a unified robotic architecture to produce these two roles, and (2) a human-guidance detection algorithm to switch across the two roles. In the absence of human-guidance, the robot performs its task autonomously and upon detection of such guidances the robot passively follows the human motions. We employ dynamical systems to generate task-specific motion and admittance control to generate reactive motions toward the human-guidance. This structure enables the robot to reject undesirable perturbations, track the motions precisely, react to human-guidance by providing proper compliant behavior, and re-plan the motion reactively. We provide analytical investigation of our method in terms of tracking and compliant behavior. Finally, we evaluate our method experimentally using a 6-DoF manipulator.
Lipid composition of the cancer cell membrane
Authors: Szlasa Wojciech , Zendran Iga , Zalesińska Aleksandra , Tarek Mounir , Kulbacka Julita
Published: July 2020

Cancer cell possesses numerous adaptations to resist the immune system response and chemotherapy. One of the most significant properties of the neoplastic cells is the altered lipid metabolism, and consequently, the abnormal cell membrane composition. Like in the case of phosphatidylcholine, these changes result in the modulation of certain enzymes and accumulation of energetic material, which could be used for a higher proliferation rate. The changes are so prominent, that some lipids, such as phosphatidylserines, could even be considered as the cancer biomarkers. Additionally, some changes of biophysical properties of cell membranes lead to the higher resistance to chemotherapy, and finally to the disturbances in signalling pathways. Namely, the increased levels of certain lipids, like for instance phosphatidylserine, lead to the attenuation of the immune system response. Also, changes in lipid saturation prevent the cells from demanding conditions of the microenvironment. Particularly interesting is the significance of cell membrane cholesterol content in the modulation of metastasis. This review paper discusses the roles of each lipid type in cancer physiology. The review combined theoretical data with clinical studies to show novel therapeutic options concerning the modulation of cell membranes in oncology.
Optimization-based decision-making models for disaster recovery and reconstruction planning of transportation networks
Authors: Zamanifar Milad , Hartmann Timo
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze optimization-based decision-making models for the problem of Disaster Recovery Planning of Transportation Networks (DRPTN). In the past three decades, seminal optimization problems have been structured and solved for the critical and sensitive problem of DRPTN. The extent of our knowledge on the practicality of the methods and performance of results is however limited. To evaluate the applicability of those context-sensitive models in real-world situations, there is a need to examine the conceptual and technical structure behind the existing body of work. To this end, this paper performs a systematic search targeting DRPTN publications. Thereafter, we review the identified literature based on the four phases of the optimization-based decision-making modeling process as problem definition, problem formulation, problem-solving, and model validation. Then, through content analysis and descriptive statistics, we investigate the methodology of studies within each of these phases. Eventually, we detect and discuss four research improvement areas as [1] developing conceptual or systematic decision support in the selection of decision attributes and problem structuring, [2] integrating recovery problems with traffic management models, [3] avoiding uncertainty due to the type of solving algorithms, and [4] reducing subjectivity in the validation process of disaster recovery models. Finally, we provide suggestions as well as possible directions for future research.
Application of life-cycle assessment to the eco-design of LED lighting products
Authors: Wang Shuyi , Su Daizhong , Wu You , Chai Zijian
Published: July 2020

An approach for integrating life-cycle assessment (LCA) into the eco-design of lighting products was developed, and LCAs of five lighting products that are currently on the market were then carried out using this approach. Based on the results of these LCAs, the sustainability requests for lighting products were derived and embedded into the product design specification (PDS), thus ensuring that any product developed according to the PDS would have the desired eco-design features. A new sustainable lighting product was then designed according to the PDS and manufactured, after which the new product underwent LCA. Upon comparing the results of the LCA of the new product with the LCA results for the existing lighting products, the newly designed product was found to provide better environmental performance than the existing products (a 27–58% reduction in environmental impact).
The significance of highlighting the oestrogen receptor low category in breast cancer
Authors: Poon Ivan K. , Tsang Julia Y. , Li Joshua , Chan Siu-Ki , Shea Ka-Ho , Tse Gary M.
Published: July 2020

The latest ASCO/CAP guideline has recommended to report oestrogen receptor (ER) low cases (ERlo; 1–10%) as “ER low positive category”, prompting us to compare the clinicopathologic features, biomarkers, survival and treatment of the ERlo cases with other subgroups (ER negative (ERneg) and ER high (ERhi)). ERlo cases revealed more similar clinicopathologic and biomarker profiles (including younger age, larger tumour, high proliferation, HER2 and basal markers expression) to ERneg than ERhi cancers. The ERlo cases receiving hormonal therapy showed a similarly poor outcome as ERneg cancers. However, majority of ERlo cases were downstaged to stage I in the 8th AJCC pathological prognostic staging, highlighting a risk of potential under treatment. Overall, our data highlighted the differences of ERlo from other ERpos cases and their management should be considered separately.
Tunable spin textures in polar antiferromagnetic hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites by electric and magnetic fields
Authors: Lou Feng , Gu Teng , Ji Junyi , Feng Junsheng , Xiang Hongjun , Stroppa Alessandro
Published: July 2020

The hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted much attention for their potential applications as novel optoelectronic devices. Remarkably, the Rashba band splitting, together with specific spin orientations in k-space (i.e., spin texture), has been found to be relevant for the optoelectronic performances. In this work, by using first-principles calculations and symmetry analysis, we study the electric polarization, magnetism, and spin texture properties of the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ferroelectric HOIP TMCM-MnCl3 (TMCM = (CH3)3NCH2Cl+, trimethylchloromethyl ammonium). This recently synthesized compound is a prototype of order–disorder and displacement-type ferroelectric with a large piezoelectric response, high ferroelectric transition temperature, and excellent photoluminescence properties as reported by You (Science 357:306, 2017). The most interesting result is that the inversion symmetry breaking coupled to the spin–orbit coupling gives rise to a Rashba-like band splitting and a related robust persistent spin texture (PST) and/or typical spiral spin texture, which can be manipulated by tuning the ferroelectric or, surprisingly, also by the AFM order parameter. The tunability of spin texture upon switching of AFM order parameter is largely unexplored and our findings not only provide a platform to understand the physics of AFM spin texture but also support the AFM HOIP ferroelectrics as a promising class of optoelectronic materials.
Signatures of co-deregulated genes and their transcriptional regulators in colorectal cancer
Authors: Mastrogamvraki Natalia , Zaravinos Apostolos
Published: July 2020

The deregulated genes in colorectal cancer (CRC) vary significantly across different studies. Thus, a systems biology approach is needed to identify the co-deregulated genes (co-DEGs), explore their molecular networks, and spot the major hub proteins within these networks. We reanalyzed 19 GEO gene expression profiles to identify and annotate CRC versus normal signatures, single-gene perturbation, and single-drug perturbation signatures. We identified the co-DEGs across different studies, their upstream regulating kinases and transcription factors (TFs). Connectivity Map was used to identify likely repurposing drugs against CRC within each group. The functional changes of the co-upregulated genes in the first category were mainly associated with negative regulation of transforming growth factor β production and glomerular epithelial cell differentiation; whereas the co-downregulated genes were enriched in cotranslational protein targeting to the membrane. We identified 17 hub proteins across the co-upregulated genes and 18 hub proteins across the co-downregulated genes, composed of well-known TFs (MYC, TCF3, PML) and kinases (CSNK2A1, CDK1/4, MAPK14), and validated most of them using GEPIA2 and HPA, but also through two signature gene lists composed of the co-up and co-downregulated genes. We further identified a list of repurposing drugs that can potentially target the co-DEGs in CRC, including camptothecin, neostigmine bromide, emetine, remoxipride, cephaeline, thioridazine, and omeprazole. Similar analyses were performed in the co-DEG signatures in single-gene or drug perturbation experiments in CRC. MYC, PML, CDKs, CSNK2A1, and MAPKs were common hub proteins among all studies. Overall, we identified the critical genes in CRC and we propose repurposing drugs that could be used against them.
Keratoconus-susceptibility gene identification by corneal thickness genome-wide association study and artificial intelligence IBM Watson
Authors: Hosoda Yoshikatsu , Miyake Masahiro , Meguro Akira , Tabara Yasuharu , Iwai Sachiko , Ueda-Arakawa Naoko , Nakano Eri , Mori Yuki , Yoshikawa Munemitsu , Nakanishi Hideo , Khor Chiea-Chuen , Saw Seang-Mei , Yamada Ryo , Matsuda Fumihiko , Cheng Ching-Yu , Mizuki Nobuhisa , Tsujikawa Akitaka , Yamashiro Kenji ,   The Nagahama Study Group, Tabara Yasuharu , Kawaguchi Takahisa , Setoh Kazuya , Matsuda Fumihiko , Takahashi Yoshimitsu , Nakayama Takeo , Kosugi Shinji
Published: July 2020

Keratoconus is a common ocular disorder that causes progressive corneal thinning and is the leading indication for corneal transplantation. Central corneal thickness (CCT) is a highly heritable characteristic that is associated with keratoconus. In this two-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) of CCT, we identified a locus for CCT, namely STON2 rs2371597 (P = 2.32 × 10−13), and confirmed a significant association between STON2 rs2371597 and keratoconus development (P = 0.041). Additionally, strong STON2 expression was observed in mouse corneal epithelial basal cells. We also identified SMAD3 rs12913547 as a susceptibility locus for keratoconus development using predictive analysis with IBM’s Watson question answering computer system (P = 0.001). Further GWAS analyses combined with Watson could effectively reveal detailed pathways underlying keratoconus development.
Photocontrolled activation of small molecule cancer therapeutics
Authors: Dcona M. Michael , Mitra Koushambi , Hartman Matthew C. T.
Published: July 2020

Photosensitive molecules that mimic existing cancer drugs can potentially improve specificity of drug action. Here, we highlight examples of photocages and photoswitches that can be used in disease treatment with high spatio-temporal control.
Cobalt and nitrogen codoped carbon nanotubes derived from a graphitic C3N4 template as an electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Zhang Jichang , Li Chenxia , Zhang Ming , Zhang Jianqi , Wu Xi , Li Xuesong , Lü Wei
Published: July 2020

A strategy was developed to prepare Co and N codoped carbon nanotubes for efficient oxygen reduction reaction.
Development of biological metal–organic frameworks designed for biomedical applications: from bio-sensing/bio-imaging to disease treatment
Authors: Wang Huai-Song , Wang Yi-Hui , Ding Ya
Published: July 2020

This review introduces biological metal–organic frameworks (bio-MOFs) designed and prepared using biological ligands for bio-sensing, bio-imaging, and drug delivery.
Saloplastics as multiresponsive ion exchange reservoirs and catalyst supports
Authors: Sciortino Flavien , Mir Sajjad Husain , Pakdel Amir , Oruganti Anjaneyulu , Abe Hideki , Witecka Agnieszka , Awang Shri Dayangku Noorfazidah , Rydzek Gaulthier , Ariga Katsuhiko
Published: July 2020

The dynamic aspect of saloplastics allows cation exchange with a tuneable molality, enabling designing Cu(0) supported catalysts for CO oxidation.
Genetics of Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy
Authors: Abdolmohammadi Bobak , Dupre Alicia , Evers Laney , Mez Jesse
Published: July 2020

Although chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) garners substantial attention in the media and there have been marked scientific advances in the last few years, much remains unclear about the role of genetic risk in CTE. Two athletes with comparable contact-sport exposure may have varying amounts of CTE neuropathology, suggesting that other factors, including genetics, may contribute to CTE risk and severity. In this review, we explore reasons why genetics may be important for CTE, concepts in genetic study design for CTE (including choosing controls, endophenotypes, gene by environment interaction, and epigenetics), implicated genes in CTE (including APOE, MAPT, and TMEM106B), and whether predictive genetic testing for CTE should be considered.
Water Reductive Effect of Lymphaticovenular Anastomosis on Upper-Limb Lymphedema: Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Comparison with Lower-Limb Lymphedema
Authors: Yasunaga Yoshichika , Yanagisawa Daisuke , Nakajima Yuta , Mimura Shinei , Kobayashi Miharu , Yuzuriha Shunsuke , Kondoh Shoji
Published: July 2020

Background We previously examined the water reductive effect of lymphaticovenular anastomosis (LVA) using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measurement on lower-limb lymphedema and revealed mean water volume reduction and edema reduction rate by leg LVA to be 0.86 L and 45.1%, respectively. This study aimed to clarify the water reductive effect of LVA on arm lymphedema and compare its results with those for leg lymphedema.

Patients and Methods The efficacy of LVA for unilateral arm lymphedema was evaluated using BIA in a retrospective cohort. Limb circumference and arm body water volume (ABW) of the affected and unaffected arms were measured before and after LVA. Mean water volume reduction (ΔABW) and edema reduction rate by arm LVA were compared with values for leg LVA cited from our previous report as a historical control.

Results Nineteen consecutive patients were enrolled. The mean ΔABW and edema reduction rate by BIA were 0.267 L and 46.0%, respectively. The decreasing rate of ABW by BIA was significantly larger than those of the upper extremity lymphedema index and sum of 5 circumferences measurement methods. ΔABW could be predicted by a regression line based on the preoperative water volume difference between affected and unaffected limbs. The mean edema reduction rates for arm and leg LVA were comparable.

Conclusion The water reductive effect of LVA on upper-limb lymphedema was demonstrated by BIA assessment. BIA can reflect the effect of LVA more sensitively than conventional objective measurements and may facilitate the interpretation of LVA results. Although water volume reduction by arm LVA was less than that by leg LVA, the edema reduction rates were comparable.
Goniometric Evaluation and Passive Range of Joint Motion in Chondrodystrophic and Non-Chondrodystrophic Dogs of Different Sizes
Authors: Reusing Mhayara , Brocardo Mayara , Weber Saulo , Villanova José
Published: July 2020

Objective This study aimed to evaluate angle values in maximal flexion and extension; the passive range of motion (PROM) of the shoulder, elbow, carpal, hip, stifle and tarsus; and the carpal abduction and adduction of chondrodystrophic (CD) and non-chondrodystrophic (NCD) dogs of different sizes.

Study Design Goniometric evaluation was performed in triplicate using a universal goniometer. CD dogs were categorized into miniature, small, medium, large and giant sizes, whereas NCD dogs were allocated to small- and medium-size groups. Hence, each of the seven subgroups comprised 11 clinically healthy dogs. For data analysis, the Levene test was used to evaluate homoscedasticity. The means of each joint angle with the means in each group as well as the PROM between the CD and NCD groups was compared by the Student's t-test; meanwhile, the means of the joint angles and ROM among the sizes were compared by analysis of variance, followed by the Tukey test. In those cases, when no homogeneity variance was observed, the Bonferroni test was used. In every case, p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant.

Results The articular angles and PROM differed according to the dog size and type, that is, CD or NCD.

Conclusion The goniometric values and PROM of dogs depend on the joint type, dog size and chondrodystrophy status. Further studies are necessary to increase the accuracy of the results and to establish the predominant factors governing the differences discovered.
Historical High Complexity Neurosurgery Development of One of the Poorest Brazilian Regions
Authors: Ramos Silvio Pereira , Godoi Bruno Bastos , Cordeiro Patrício Jesus , Neto Jorge Diniz , Gusmão Sebastião Nataniel Silva
Published: July 2020

Human development rates in the Vale do Jequitinhonha, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, called “Misery Valley,” are among the lowest in the country, not to mention the often precarious psychosocial realities that daily contact with these families reveals. The history of neurosurgery at the Neurosurgical Reference Center at the Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri dates from 2004, when the first neurosurgical procedures were performed in the recently organized Section of Neurosurgery. The historical surgical series shows the positive impact of the service. In 2007, the average was 3 neurosurgeries/month. In the last year, 2018, service growth boosted the record to 34.83 neurosurgeries/month. In addition to performing elective surgery, the neurosurgery team supports the emergency team by performing some neurosurgical procedures. The service number of patients operated since the development of the service is nearly 3,000. Neurosurgery at the Santa Casa de Caridade from Diamantina has been made comparable to the best national neurosurgery services.