bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Observations of pores and surrounding regions with CO 4.66 μm lines by BBSO/CYRA
Authors: Song Yongliang , Bai Xianyong , Yang Xu , Cao Wenda , Uitenbroek Han , Deng Yuanyong , Li Xin , Yang Xiao , Zhang Mei
Published: November 2022

Context.Solar observations of carbon monoxide (CO) indicate the existence of lower-temperature gas in the lower solar chromosphere. We present an observation of pores, and quiet-Sun, and network magnetic field regions with CO 4.66 μm lines by the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrograph (CYRA) at Big Bear Solar Observatory.

Aims.We used the strong CO lines at around 4.66 μm to understand the properties of the thermal structures of lower solar atmosphere in different solar features with various magnetic field strengths.

Methods.Different observations with different instruments were included: CO 4.66 μm imaging spectroscopy by CYRA, Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 1700 Å images, Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) continuum images, line-of-sight (LOS) magnetograms, and vector magnetograms. The data from 3D radiation magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation with the Bifrost code are also employed for the first time to be compared with the observation. We used the Rybicki-Hummer (RH) code to synthesize the CO line profiles in the network regions.

Results.The CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity changes to be either enhanced or diminished with increasing magnetic field strength, which should be caused by different heating effects in magnetic flux tubes with different sizes. We find several “cold bubbles” in the CO 3-2 R14 line center intensity images, which can be classified into two types. One type is located in the quiet-Sun regions without magnetic fields. The other type, which has rarely been reported in the past, is near or surrounded by magnetic fields. Notably, some are located at the edge of the magnetic network. The two kinds of cold bubbles and the relationship between cold bubble intensities and network magnetic field strength are both reproduced by the 3D MHD simulation with the Bifrost and RH codes. The simulation also shows that there is a cold plasma blob near the network magnetic fields, causing the observed cold bubbles seen in the CO 3-2 R14 line center image.

Conclusions.Our observation and simulation illustrate that the magnetic field plays a vital role in the generation of some CO cold bubbles.
Unveiling a new extragalactic structure hidden by the Milky Way
Authors: Galdeano Daniela , Ferrero Gabriel A. , Coldwell Georgina , Duplancic Fernanda , Alonso Sol , Riffel Rogerio , Minniti Dante
Published: November 2022

Context. The zone of avoidance (ZoA) does not allow for clear optical observations of extragalactic sources behind the Milky Way due to the meaningful extinction of the optical emission of these objects. Observations in near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths represent a potential source of astronomical discoveries that support the detection of new galaxies and potentially complete the picture of the large-scale structures in this as-yet poorly explored area of the sky.

Aims. Our aim is to decipher the nature of the overdensity located behind the Milky Way in tile b204 of the VISTA Variables in Vía Láctea (VVV) survey.

Methods. We studied an area of six arcmin around a galaxy concentration located at l = 354.82° and b = −9.81°. We selected five galaxies, taking into account the source distribution on the sky to optimise the requested time for the observations, and we obtained the spectra with Flamingos 2 long-slit spectrograph at Gemini South 8.1-meter telescope. To identify and characterise the absorption features, we fit the galaxies underlying spectrum using the STARLIGHT code together with the IRTF stellar library. In addition, the spectroscopic findings are reinforced using complementary photometric techniques such as red-sequence and photometric redshift estimation.

Results. The mean spectroscopic redshift estimated from the NIR spectra is z = 0.225 ± 0.014. This value presents a good agreement with that obtained from photometric analysis, photoz = 0.21 ± 0.08, and the probability distribution function of the galaxies in the studied region. Also, the red-sequence slope is consistent with the one expected for NIR observations of galaxy clusters.

Conclusions. The redshifts obtained from both, photometric and spectroscopic techniques are in good agreement, allowing for the confirmation of the nature of this structure at z = 0.225 ± 0.014, thereby unveiling a new galaxy cluster, VVVGCl-B J181435-381432, behind the Milky Way bulge.
Surface magnetism of rapidly rotating red giants: Single versus close binary stars
Authors: Gehan Charlotte , Gaulme Patrick , Yu Jie
Published: November 2022

According to dynamo theory, stars with convective envelopes efficiently generate surface magnetic fields, which manifest as magnetic activity in the form of starspots, faculae, and/or flares, when their rotation period is shorter than their convective turnover time. Most red giants, having undergone significant spin down while expanding, have slow rotation and no spots. However, based on a sample of about 4500 red giants observed by the NASA Kepler mission, a previous study showed that about 8% of them display spots, about 15% of which belong to close binary systems. Here, we shed light on a puzzling fact: for rotation periods less than 80 days, a red giant that belongs to a close binary system displays a photometric modulation about an order of magnitude larger than that of a single red giant with a similar rotational period and similar physical properties. We investigate whether binarity leads to larger magnetic fields when tides lock systems, or if a different spot distribution on single versus close binary stars can explain this fact. For this, we measured the chromospheric emission in the Ca II H & K lines of 3130 of the 4465 stars studied in a previous work thanks to the LAMOST survey. We show that red giants in a close-binary configuration with spin-orbit resonance display significantly larger chromospheric emission than single stars, suggesting that tidal locking leads to larger magnetic fields at a fixed rotational period. Beyond bringing interesting new observables to study the evolution of binary systems, this result could be used to distinguish single versus binary red giants in automatic pipelines based on machine learning.
The Effect of Awkward Postures and Musculoskeletal Disorder Incidents: A Case Study of Bakery Workers
Authors: Ekawati Ekawati , Setyaningsih Yuliani , Wahyuni Ida , Denny Hanifa M.
Published: November 2022

Musculoskeletal complaints or MSDs are common in the bakery industry. Observations and analyses of work posture among bakers are crucial to determine the most practical solution to MSD subjective complaints. This study aims to analyze the impact of work posture on musculoskeletal events in bakery industry workers. This research is quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach. This study recruited 52 bakers. Work posture data was obtained by utilizing the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA) instrument. The subjective musculoskeletal complaint data were collected using the Nordic Body Map (NBM) instrument. The results indicated that most workers (90.4%) were in the young category, 67.3% were male, and 51.9% had a long permanent contract. Most respondents are in the high ergonomic risk category (75%). The lower back (63.5%), neck (25%), and ankle (25%) were subjectively reported by the respondents using the NBM instrument. There was no significant relationship between ergonomic risk and MSD complaints (p-value = 0.721 at α = 0.05). The bakers were exposed to ergonomic limitations and experienced some subjective MSD complaints. However, no significant association was found between ergonomic work posture limitations and MSD complaints. The non-significant finding might be related to the small sample study size or the measurement bias.
Efforts to Control Work Environment Hazards Based on 5S Principles for Smoked Fish Workers
Authors: Setyaningsih Yuliani , Ekawati Ekawati , Wahyuni Ida
Published: November 2022

Workstation design can be a potential hazard for workers. A workstation that is arranged following the 5S principles will prevent the exposure of potential work environment hazards such as improper work position that can affect the health of the workers. This research aimed to describe the condition of work station and create a new design a workstation according to 5S principles. This research was quantitative research with cross sectional approach. Samples were taken purposively from 141 smoked fish workers The data on the respondents’ characteristics and potential hazards were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The data were collected using a checklist and a questionnaire. Only several parts of the 5S principles had been applied in the smoked fish workstation. The workstation at the smoked fish production site was not in accordance with 5S principles. The work station has poor hygiene and sanitation condition. New design workstations based on 5S principles with low-cost intervention are proposed to increase the health condition of the workers.
Factors Affecting E-Smoking Behavior in Public Health Students of University Muhammadiyah Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Sunarti Sri , Bin Sansuwito Tukimin , Abdulwahid Al-Jaberi Musheer , Mariyam Siti , Amalia Nida
Published: November 2022

Background The trend of using electronic cigarettes (vapor) has developed rapidly among teenagers in the United States, and the largest increase occurred in the United States and Canada in 2018. The increased use of electronic cigarettes occurred from 2011 to 2015 while the decreased use occurred in 2016 and 2017. However, in 2018, the National Youth Tobacco Survey identified the increased use of vapor among adolescents; a 30-day trial of e-cigarette use increased by 20.8% among adolescents, especially students. The results of a survey conducted 2.5% using e-cigarettes. Objectives This study aims to investigate factors that influence the electric smoking behavior of public health students. Methods This study employed quantitative research with a cross-sectional approach to determine the relationship of behavioral factors to e-smoking. This study involved 214 samples selected using simple random sampling. Results Factors that influence smoking behavior are knowledge with a p-value of 0.000 and attitude with a p-value of 0.000. Moreover, this study has found that modern women use e-cigarettes because they consider that it does not violate any rule. Conclusions Factors that influence smoking behavior are knowledge, attitude. Influential factors are knowledge and attitudes so it is necessary to prevent the use of e-cigarettes with health education, regulations
Sociodemographic Differences in Multimorbidity: A Closer Look from Indonesian Family and Life Survey
Authors: Widyaningsih Vitri , Premanawasti Alimah , Sofia Anis , Syifa Nada , Augusthina Amelya , Mashuri Yusuf , Puspita Febrinasari Ratih , Aryoseto Lukman , Hartono  , Maryani  , Balgis  , Primaningtyas Widana , Probandari Ari
Published: November 2022

The prevalence of multimorbidity, the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases, is expected to increase, including in Indonesia. This phenomenon is associated with increased life expectancy and incidence of non-communicable diseases. Therefore, this study assesses the burden of multimorbidity in Indonesia by sociodemographic factors. The researchers analyzed cross-sectional data from the latest wave of IFLS conducted in 2014, the IFLS wave 5. The researchers included individuals aged 15 and above with blood pressure measurements (n= 32.256) from 13,536 households. Meanwhile, the researchers excluded individuals with missing data on BMI (183 individuals) or who had biologically implausible or extreme values (n=6). The analyses were then conducted on 32,067 individuals. The analyses comprised the ten most common self-reported chronic diseases diagnosis in IFLS-5. The findings revealed that the prevalence of self-reported multimorbidity in Indonesia was relatively high, at 9.32% (n= 2.989), with the highest proportion of multimorbidity reported among the elderly. Approximately 2.76% of the respondents (n- 885) reported having three or more chronic diseases. The most common combinations were hypertension and digestive problem (2.15%, n= 689), followed by hypertension and arthritis (1.79%, n= 574), and hypertension and high cholesterol (1.68%, n= 539). When stratified by sociodemographic factors, the researchers found a higher proportion of multimorbidity among females (11.01%, n= 3,530) compared to males (7.41%, n= 2.376), elderly (21.54%, n= 3.530) compared to younger adults, and previous smokers (20.90%, n= 6.072). People who were obese and overweight also reported a higher prevalence of multimorbidity (13.73%, n= 4.403 and 9.3%, n= 2.998, respectively). In addition, those living in urban areas had a higher proportion of multimorbidity (10.33%, n= 3.313) compared to rural areas (7.2%, n= 2.527). In conclusion, this study uncovered a relatively high prevalence of multimorbidity. People living in urban areas were overweight/obese and those who had low SES had a higher proportion of multimorbidity. With the nature of self-reported data and previously reported underdiagnosis of chronic diseases, screening to examine multimorbidity is needed.
Quality of Life Among People with Positive COVID-19 Experience in Semarang, Indonesia
Authors: Handayani Sri , Nurmandhani Ririn , Hinchcliff Reece
Published: November 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has affected many ways of life, especially among people who experience the infection. The pandemic negatively affected the physical, social, and psychological functioning of individuals and societies, worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the extent to which key factors may influence the QoL of people with COVID-19 in Semarang, Indonesia. The online cross-sectional study recruited 107 participants. Adults (≥ 17 years of age) with positive COVID-19 infection history were targeted. Quality of life was measured with the WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire. The questions explain how respondents attribute to each aspect of their life and how problematic or satisfactory they perceive them for their overall quality of life. Results showed that the highest mean score was found for the social domain (14.112.89), and the lowest mean score was observed for the environment domain (13.272.01). The presence of comorbidities had a statistically significant difference in the environment domain (p-value:0.006). During the COVID-19 pandemic, people had less satisfaction with their environment. The presence of anxiety often promotes changes in the perception of QoL for all domains among respondents (p-value: <0.0001). Investing such resources in these groups may be an efficient option to maximize positive public health impacts in this resource-poor environment.
Policy Recommendation for Telemedicine Services after Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tiyas Budiyanti Rani , Suryawati Chriswardani , Murni Murni , Hanifah Matsna
Published: November 2022

During Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the use of telemedicine services in Indonesia rose. Telemedicine service policies were released as an emergency condition during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the post-pandemic policies on telemedicine have never been formulated. This study aimed to construct the policy recommendation related to telemedicine services in Indonesia in the COVID-19 post-pandemic. The policy recommendations were developed after an initial analysis of user needs. The respondents were 102 telemedicine users who were over 18 years old. Results showed that most telemedicine users (61%) were worried about misdiagnosis, and others (52.9%) were worried about data security and confidentiality. The conceptual policy recommendation was developed based on the situation analysis. Multi-stakeholder cooperation across institutions such as the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the Ministry of Information Technology, the Food and Drug Administration, the Association of Health Service Facilities, professional organizations, and telemedicine startups. Such cooperation may harmonize the implementation of policies.
Discontinuity measurement uncertainty evaluation using the Feeler PIG
Authors: Figueiredo Junior Heber , Moreira Roger Matsumoto , Bastos Costa Pedro
Published: November 2022

The Feeler PIG is equipment that uses a geometric sensor to carry out the internal inspection of piping of different sizes. Several experiments on laboratory benches were carried out to evaluate the measuring accuracy of the Feeler PIG, considering a rotating metallic disk with discontinuities machined in its body and a single sensor for the detection of defects. The present work aims to study the measurement uncertainties with the Feeler PIG, through a laboratory experiment, comparing the results found by the device measurements, in a pipe with a nominal diameter of 6” in PVC, with synthetic discontinuities made in a calibrated 3D printer in a laboratory. The tests were based on the operational use of the PIG, in which it moves inside the pipe under different speed conditions and with an arrangement of synthetic discontinuities with 5 different geometries. The methodology used was the same performed in a calibration laboratory, in which the sum of type A and B uncertainties are multiplied by the coverage factor (k), which proved capable of reaching expanded uncertainties of the order of ± 3.1% to 5.0% using a confidence level of 95.45%.
Einsatz von Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonisten (TPO-RA) vor invasiven Eingriffen bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose
Authors: Mücke Marcus M. , Bruns Tony , Canbay Ali , Matzdorff Axel , Tacke Frank , Tiede Andreas , Trebicka Jonel , Wedemeyer Heiner , Zacharowski Kai , Zeuzem Stefan , Lange Christian M.
Published: November 2022

Fortgeschrittene chronische Lebererkrankungen gehen mit teils ausgeprägten Veränderungen des korpuskulären und plasmatischen Gerinnungssystems einher. Laborchemisch imponiert oft eine Thrombopenie, weswegen in der klinischen Praxis bei Patienten mit Leberzirrhose und Thrombopenie vor invasiven Eingriffen häufig Thrombozytentransfusionen erfolgen, um das Risiko für Blutungskomplikationen zu reduzieren. Diese sind jedoch ihrerseits mit relevanten Risiken und Kosten verbunden, weswegen Maßnahmen zur Einsparung von Thrombozytentransfusion(en) einen hohen klinischen Stellenwert haben. In diesem Zusammenhang ist es vor allem wichtig, sorgfältig zu prüfen, ob eine Anhebung der Thrombozytenzahlen vor invasiven Eingriffen überhaupt erforderlich ist. Neuerdings stehen zudem mit Avatrombopag und Lusutrombopag 2 gut verträgliche Thrombopoetin-Rezeptor-Agonisten (TPO-RA) zur Behandlung der Thrombopenie von Patienten mit Leberzirrhose, die sich einem invasiven Eingriff unterziehen müssen, zur Verfügung. Diese Übersicht soll eine konkrete Entscheidungshilfe geben, ob eine präinterventionelle Anhebung der Thrombozyten erforderlich ist und in welchen Konstellationen der Einsatz von TPO-RA sinnvoll sein kann.
Selectivity: A Goal for Synthetic Economy
Authors: Kotha Sambasivarao , Ansari Saima , Gupta Naveen Kumar
Published: November 2022

Chemical reactivity plays a major role in understanding several aspects of selectivity. Therefore, in this account, we present a plethora of reactions that demonstrate our efforts in exploiting interesting cases of selectivity over the past three decades. Among them, chemoselectivity, regioselectivity and stereoselectivity are discussed. Strain, steric factors, and separation of the reacting functionalities are revealed as prominent features in generating selectivity.

1 Introduction

2 Chemoselectivity

3 Regioselectivity

4 Diastereoselectivity

5 Substrate-Based Selectivity

6 Reagent-Based Selectivity

7 Steric-Volume-Induced Selectivity

8 Role of Temperature and Reaction Time in Achieving Selectivity

9 Role of the Catalyst in Observing Selectivity

10 Separation as a Parameter for Selectivity

11 pK
a (Acidity of the Active Methylene Component)

12 Sequence as a Tool for Selectivity

13 Strain of the Ring System

14 Examples of Miscellaneous Selectivity

15 Conclusions
12-week Brisk Walking Improved Chronotropic Response in Hypertensive
Patients
Authors: Wu Tong , Yan Yan , Luo Yong , Wang Zhengzhen , Wang Yan
Published: November 2022

We investigated the effects of 12-week brisk walking on chronotropic response in
hypertensive patients aged 40–69. 77 participants in exercise group
underwent 12-week brisk walking, while 66 participants in control group received
health education. Chronotropic parameters, resting blood pressure, and physical
fitness including peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) were measured.
After 12 weeks, the systolic blood pressure (SBP) was decreased
(−6.104 mmHg, 95%CI −8.913 to
−3.295 mmHg, P<0.0001), while metabolic chronotropic
relationship (MCR) slope and VO2peak were increased (0.073,
95%CI 0.001 to 0.145, P=0.046;
1.756 mL/kg/min, 95%CI 0.891 to
2.622 mL/kg/min, P<0.0001) in exercise group
compared to baseline. The chronotropic response index (CRI) at
25–75 W load were decreased (−0.210, 95%CI
−0.307 to −0.112, P<0.0001; −0.144,
95%CI − 0.204 to −0.083, P<0.0001;
−0.078, 95%CI −0.135 to −0.022, P=0.007)
in control group after 12 weeks. The relative changes (%Δ) of
systolic and diastolic blood pressure were negatively correlated with
%ΔVO2peak (r=−0.233,
r=−0.187), while %ΔMCR and %ΔCRI
at 50–75 W load were positively correlated with
%ΔVO2peak after 12 weeks (r=0.330,
r=0.282, r =0.370). %ΔSBP was also
positively correlated with %ΔMCR (r =−0.213). In
conclusion, 12-week brisk walking reduced SBP by improving chronotropic response
in hypertensive patients aged 40–69. The enhanced chronotropic response
was associated with enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness.
Food intolerance in patients with functional abdominal pain: Evaluation through endoscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy
Authors: Gjini Besmir , Melchior Ilka , Euler Philipp , Kreysel Christian , Kalde Sigrid , Krummen Britta , Kiesslich Ralf , Hemmerlein Bernhard , Frieling Thomas
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Gastrointestinal symptoms assumed to be caused by food intolerance are reported frequently in the general population. There is a significant difference between self-reported and objective proven food intolerance, as shown by placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trials. This discrepancy may be overcome by endoscopic confocal laser endomicroscopy (eCLE).

Patients and methods In an observational study we evaluated 34 patients with functional abdominal pain and adverse reaction to food by eCLE and local duodenal food challenge for the first time. Spontaneous and food-induced transfer of fluorescein into the duodenal lumen was detected 10 minutes after intravenously application of fluorescein and 10 minutes after duodenal food challenge (DFC).

Results Of the patients, 67.6 % responded with a fluorescein leakage into the duodenal lumen. Frequency rank order of food antigens that induced a response were soy (50 %), wheat (46.1 %), milk (20 %), egg (12 %), and yeast (11.5 %), respectively. Of the patients, 23.5 % showed spontaneous leakage of fluorescein, suggesting leaky gut syndrome. Histology of duodenal biopsies and mast cell function were normal. Overall, 69.5 % of patients improved with food exclusion therapy and 13 % were symptom-free according to eCLE.

Conclusions The results of our study indicate that eCLE is a clinically useful tool to evaluate patients with functional abdominal pain and adverse reaction to food and to create individualized dietary therapy with clinical benefit for patients.
Prospective study on the efficacy of endoscopic through-the-scope tack and suture system for gastric peroral endoscopic myotomy mucosal incision site closure
Authors: Khan Hafiz M. , Brar Tony S. , Hasan Muhammad K. , Kadkhodayan Kambiz , Arain Mustafa A. , Hayat Maham , Farooq Aimen , Singh Gurdeep , Yang Dennis
Published: November 2022

Background and study aims Mucosal closure after gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) can be difficult due to the thick gastric mucosa. We evaluated the use of a novel through-the-scope (TTS) suture system for G-POEM mucosotomy closure.

Patients and methods This was a single-center prospective study on consecutive patients who underwent G-POEM with TTS suture closure between February 2022 and August 2022. Technical success was defined as complete mucosotomy closure with TTS suture alone. On subgroup analysis, we compared performance on TTS suturing between the advanced endoscopist and the advanced endoscopy fellow (AEF) under supervision.

Results Thirty-six consecutive patients (median age 60 years, interquartile range [IQR] 48.5–67], 72 % women) underwent G-POEM with TTS suture of the mucosotomy. Median mucosal incision length was 2 cm (IQR: 2–2.5). Mean mucosal closure and total procedure time were 17.5 ± 10.8 and 48.4 ± 16.8 minutes, respectively. Technical success was achieved in 24 patients (66.7 %) and 100 % of the cases were adequately closed with a combination of TTS suture and clips. When compared to the advanced endoscopist, the AEF required > 1 TTS suture system for complete closure significantly more frequently (66.7 % vs. 8.3 %, P = 0.009) and more time for mucosal closure (20.4 ± 12.1 vs. 11.9 ± 4.9 minutes, P = 0.03).

Conclusions TTS suturing is effective and safe for G-POEM mucosal incision closure. With experience, technical success is high, and most closures may be achieved using a single TTS suture system alone, which has important cost and time implications. Additional comparative trials with other closure devices are need1ed.
Comparing Outcomes in Transcatheter Embolization for the Management of Penetrating versus Blunt Trauma
Authors: Wahood Waseem , Badar Wali , Funaki Brian , Leef Jeffrey A. , Ahmed Osman
Published: November 2022

Objectives This article assesses potential factors associated with successful embolization and/or mortality benefit among patients with penetrating (PT) compared to those with blunt abdominal trauma (BT) undergoing emergent angiography.

Materials and Methods A retrospective study of arterial embolization for BT and PT at a tertiary care academic center in an urban setting between 2018 and 2020 was conducted. Fischer's exact and Student's t-tests were used to assess differences between PT and BT, regarding technical success, in-hospital mortality, number of vessels embolized, and requirement of Operating Room (OR) for bleeding control after embolization.

Results Forty-three patients underwent embolization. Twenty-three presented with BT versus 20 with PT. There was no difference in the rate of success between the two groups (91.3% vs. 100%; p = 0.49). No difference was observed in mean days of survival among BT and PT patients treated by embolization (mean [standard deviation]: 13.7 [2.6] vs. 19.1 [2.79] days; p = 0.160). There was no difference in mortality between the two groups (13.0% vs. 10.5%; p = 1.00). Mean number of vessels embolized was higher in the BT group compared to PT (2.26 [1.32] vs. 1.44 [1.03], p = 0.044). The rate of BT patients who required subsequent OR intervention for hemorrhage control after embolization was similar to those with PT (8.7% vs. 10.5%; p = 0.84).

Conclusion The rate of mortality, technical success, and requirement of subsequent OR intervention for hemorrhage control was comparable between BT and PT. BT was associated with a higher mean number of vessels embolized compared to PT. Our case series may provide insight in the use of embolization for PT, but further investigation is needed with larger cohorts.
National role conceptions and populist parties in Europe between heterogeneity and convergence
Authors: de Perini Pietro
Published: November 2022

Drawing from the National Role Conceptions (NRCs) framework, this paper seeks to assess whether, beneath the ideological, structural or discursive differences exposed in the literature, a pattern of convergence among the foreign policies of populist parties in Europe can be identified in how these conceive the orientation and tasks that their countries should follow in the international system. Comparing the NRCs which emerge from the foreign policy discourse of three populist parties of diverse persuasions—Front National/Rassemblement Nationalin France,Movimento 5 Stellein Italy,Podemosin Spain—the paper argues that these parties share the underlying conception of a decisively pro-active, transformative and value-based role for their countries in both European and global perspectives, which the different articulations of the people/other dichotomy in their foreign policy discourse affect and differentiate in terms of goals and preferences.

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Crayfish shell waste as safe biosorbent for removal of Cu2+ and Pb2+ from synthetic wastewater
Authors: Hu Wan-qun , Chen Shuo , Jiang Hong
Published: November 2022

Crayfish shell is an abundant natural waste and is also a potential biosorbent for pollutants, especially, heavy metals. In this study, the safety of the use of crayfish shell as a biosorbent was first assessed by release experiments involving primary heavy metal ions, such as Cu2+, Zn2+, and Cr3+, in aqueous solution under different environmental conditions. The release concentrations of heavy metals were dependent on pH, ionic strength, and humic acid; and the maximum release concentrations of heavy metals were still lower than the national standard. Specifically, Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal by crayfish shell in synthetic wastewater was investigated. The removal process involved biosorption, precipitation, and complexation, and the results indicate that crayfish shell is an excellent biosorbent for Cu2+ and Pb2+ removal. The precipitation step is particularly dependent on Ca species, pH, and temperature. The maximum removal capacities of Pb2+ and Cu2+ were 676.20 and 119.98 mg/g, respectively. The related precipitates and the generated complex products include Cu2CO3(OH)2, Ca2CuO3, CuCO3, Pb2CO3(OH)2, CaPb3O4, and PbCO3.
Efficient exploration of complex free energy landscapes by stepwise multi-subphase space metadynamics
Authors: Fang Ye-Guang , Li Xiaojiao , Gao Yurui , Cui Yan-Hong , Francisco Joseph S. , Zhu Chongqin , Fang Wei-Hai
Published: November 2022

We present an efficient method based on an extension of metadynamics for exploring complex free energy landscapes (FELs). The method employs two-step metadynamics simulations. In the first step, rapid metadynamics simulations using broad and tall Gaussians are performed to identify a free energy pathway (FEP) connecting the two states of interest. The FEP is then divided into a series of independent subphase spaces that comprise selected discrete images of the system. Using appropriate collective variables (CVs) chosen according to the FEP, the accurate FEL of each subphase space is separately calculated in subsequent divide-and-conquer metadynamics simulations with narrow and low Gaussians. Finally, all FELs calculated in each subphase space are merged to obtain the full FEL. We show that the method greatly improves the performance of the metadynamics approach. In particular, we are able to efficiently model chemical systems with complex FELs, such as chemical reactions at the air/water interface. We demonstrate the performance of this method on two model reactions: the hydrolysis of formaldehyde in the gas phase and at the air/water interface.
Restructuring in high burn-up pressurized water reactor UO2 fuel central parts: Experimental 3D characterization by focused ion beam—scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Noirot Jean , Dowek Rébecca , Zacharie-Aubrun Isabelle , Blay Thierry , Cabié Martiane , Dumont Myriam
Published: November 2022

Focussed ion beam - scanning electron microscope (FIB-SEM) 3D examination was conducted on three standard UO2 and one Cr doped UO2 high burn-up pressurized water reactor (PWR) fuel samples. This work complemented other microanalysis examination, including an electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) work on the polished surface. A parallel article giving the EBSD results was submitted simultaneously. Together, they found, in all the central area of these high burn-up samples: (i) a restructuring of the initial grains into smaller sub-grains forming low angle boundaries and with crystal orientations around that of their parent grains; and (ii) intragranular bubbles mostly situated on these low angle boundaries. The FIB-SEM 3D examination showed how such inter-sub-grain bubbles start as small compact but also small lenticular bubbles, similar to typical small intergranular lenticular bubbles. With increasing burn-up, these lenticular bubbles get thicker and locally interlink to form more complex bubbles. However, no long distance networks, between the sub-grains or between the original grains, were found. Such networks could have been a path for part of the fission gases to reach the grain boundaries, the grain edges (the intersection line of three grain boundaries), and the rod free volumes. These FIB-SEM 3D examinations brought details on the intragranular and intergranular bubbles situation for each studied volume. The distribution of the intragranular bubbles according to their sizes and shapes was exposed. The central restructuring, studied in this work, is likely to play a role in the increase of the fission gas release fractions at high burn-up. This work is an incentive to study further this restructuring and the bubbles formed, combining different approaches.
A low-cost shutter driver and arbitrary waveform generator for optical switching using a programmable system-on-chip (PSoC) device
Authors: Craven J. M. , Meeks E. , Delich G. , Ayars E. , Pechkis H. K. , Pechkis J. A.
Published: November 2022

We have developed a low-cost mechanical shutter driver with integrated arbitrary waveform generation for optical switching and control using a programmable system-on-chip device. This microcontroller-based device with configurable digital and analog blocks is readily programmed using free software, allowing for easy customization for a variety of applications. Additional digital and analog outputs with arbitrary timings can be used to control a variety of devices, such as additional shutters, acousto-optical modulators, or camera trigger pulses, for complete control and imaging of laser light. Utilizing logic-level control signals, this device can be readily integrated into existing computer control and data acquisition systems for expanded hardware capabilities.
Terahertz high-Q magnetic dipole resonance induced by coherent Fano interactions
Authors: Yan Fei , Li Qi , Hu Hao , Wang Ze Wen , Tian Hao , Li Li , Luo Yu , Wang Qi Jie
Published: November 2022

High Q-factor resonance holds great promise for bio-chemical sensing and enhanced light–matter interaction. However, terahertz (THz) magnetic resonances usually demonstrate low Q-factors, resulting in huge energy radiation loss particularly in high frequency bands. Here, we show that high Q-factor magnetic dipole resonance at THz frequencies can be achieved by exploiting the coherent Fano interactions with strong field enhancements in an array composed of single metallic split-ring resonators, working at Wood–Rayleigh anomalies. It can give rise to ultrahigh Q-factor beyond 104 in the THz regime. Experimentally, the measured Q-factor of dominant magnetic dipole resonance can achieve no less than a level of ∼261 by Lorentzian fitting to the experimental data. In addition, a high Q-factor of the fundamental-order magnetic dipole resonance is demonstrated beyond 30. High-Q magnetic dipole resonance is closely associated with ultralow-damping and negative permeability in the THz band. The measurements of magnetic dipole resonances are in good agreement with the theoretical analyses. Our scheme suggests a feasible route to suppress radiative loss for enhanced THz field-matter interaction.
Effective medium perspective on topological transitions in metamaterials
Authors: Shaposhnikov Leon , Sakhno Denis , Bobylev Daniel A. , Gorlach Maxim A.
Published: November 2022

Many properties of photonic structures rely on band topology characterized by the integer invariants that can change during the topological transitions and give rise to the disorder-robust topological edge, corner, or interface states. Typically, the periods of such structures are comparable to the wavelength. However, in many cases, the unit cell becomes deeply subwavelength and hence the entire metamaterial can be described in terms of the effective material parameters. Here, focusing on subwavelength topological metamaterials, we identify the behavior of permittivity and permeability accompanying the topological transition on the example of the two structures possessing D6 symmetry.
Defect-characterized phase transition kinetics
Authors: Zhang Xie , Zhang Jian , Wang Hongcai , Rogal Jutta , Li Hong-Yi , Wei Su-Huai , Hickel Tilmann
Published: November 2022

Phase transitions are a common phenomenon in condensed matter and act as a critical degree of freedom that can be employed to tailor the mechanical or electronic properties of materials. Understanding the fundamental mechanisms of the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions is, thus, at the core of modern materials design. Conventionally, studies of phase transitions have, to a large extent, focused on pristine bulk phases. However, realistic materials exist in a complex form; their microstructures consist of different point and extended defects. The presence of defects impacts the thermodynamics and kinetics of phase transitions, but has been commonly ignored or treated separately. In recent years, with the significant advances in theoretical and experimental techniques, there has been an increasing research interest in modeling and characterizing how defects impact or even dictate phase transitions. The present review systematically discusses the recent progress in understanding the kinetics of defect-characterized phase transitions, derives the key mechanisms underlying these phase transitions, and envisions the remaining challenges and fruitful research directions. We hope that these discussions and insights will help to inspire future research and development in the field.
Revealing the synergy between zinc and aluminum in Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalyst
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Dai Zhibin , Ding Yanyan , Zhang Lixin
Published: November 2022

The active sites in Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 industrial catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol need to be fully clarified. In this work, we reveal two types of active sites at the nano-sized Cu/ZnO interface, of which only one type is efficient. The efficient active site is characterized by isolated and under-coordinated Zn atoms located at the vertices of the supported ZnO island, thus the density of which is so limited. To anchor such Zn atoms onto other islands on Cu with high density is the key to enhancing the catalytic activity. To replace ZnO with Al2O3 islands on Cu is not favored energetically. However, under reduction condition, Zn single atoms can stably decorate the edges of the Al2O3 islands, resulting in the enhancement of the efficient active sites at the Cu/oxide interface. This could be the mechanism of the synergy effects taking place in the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst.
Quantification of electron correlation for approximate quantum calculations
Authors: Yuan Shunyue , Chang Yueqing , Wagner Lucas K.
Published: November 2022

State-of-the-art many-body wave function techniques rely on heuristics to achieve high accuracy at an attainable computational cost to solve the many-body Schrödinger equation. By far, the most common property used to assess accuracy has been the total energy; however, total energies do not give a complete picture of electron correlation. In this work, we assess the von Neumann entropy of the one-particle reduced density matrix (1-RDM) to compare selected configuration interaction (CI), coupled cluster, variational Monte Carlo, and fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo for benchmark hydrogen chains. A new algorithm, the circle reject method, is presented, which improves the efficiency of evaluating the von Neumann entropy using quantum Monte Carlo by several orders of magnitude. The von Neumann entropy of the 1-RDM and the eigenvalues of the 1-RDM are shown to distinguish between the dynamic correlation introduced by the Jastrow and the static correlation introduced by determinants with large weights, confirming some of the lore in the field concerning the difference between the selected CI and Slater–Jastrow wave functions.
Beyond simple self-healing: How anisotropic nanogels adapt their shape to their environment
Authors: Nickel Anne C. , Denton Alan R. , Houston Judith E. , Schweins Ralf , Plivelic Tomàs S. , Richtering Walter , Scotti Andrea
Published: November 2022

The response of soft colloids to crowding depends sensitively on the particles’ compressibility. Nanogel suspensions provide model systems that are often studied to better understand the properties of soft materials and complex fluids from the formation of colloidal crystals to the flow of viruses, blood, or platelet cells in the body. Large spherical nanogels, when embedded in a matrix of smaller nanogels, have the unique ability to spontaneously deswell to match their size to that of the nanogel composing the matrix. In contrast to hard colloids, this self-healing mechanism allows for crystal formation without giving rise to point defects or dislocations. Here, we show that anisotropic ellipsoidal nanogels adapt both their size and their shape depending on the nature of the particles composing the matrix in which they are embedded. Using small-angle neutron scattering with contrast variation, we show that ellipsoidal nanogels become spherical when embedded in a matrix of spherical nanogels. In contrast, the anisotropy of the ellipsoid is enhanced when they are embedded in a matrix of anisotropic nanogels. Our experimental data are supported by Monte Carlo simulations that reproduce the trend of decreasing aspect ratio of ellipsoidal nanogels with increasing crowding by a matrix of spherical nanogels.
Dynamics of H atoms surface recombination in low-temperature plasma
Authors: Gubarev V. , Lopaev D. , Zotovich A. , Medvedev V. , Krainov P. , Astakhov D. , Zyryanov S.
Published: November 2022

The dynamics of H atom recombination on materials of interest for a EUV lithographer was studied under a long-term low-pressure H2 plasma exposure. The similarity of the experimental plasma with the typical EUV-induced plasma over the multilayer mirrors surface of the EUV lithographic machine is demonstrated by means of 2D PIC MC simulation. The measurement of the temporal dynamics of the H atom surface loss probability (γH) is chosen for testing the surface modification during the treatment. Time-resolved actinometry of H atoms with Kr as the actinometer gas was used to detect the dynamics of the H-atom loss probability on the surface of Al, Ru, RVS, and SiO2. It is demonstrated that significant changes of the materials surface occur only at the very beginning of the treatment and are due to surface heating and cleaning effects. After that no changes in the γH are found, indicating that the surface stays absolutely stable. A special test of sensitivity of the used method to the state of surface was carried out. Dynamics of the γH changes with small O2 addition clearly demonstrate modification of the Al surface due to oxidation with the next removal of oxygen by the H2 plasma treatment. The rate of oxide removal is shown to be determined by plasma parameters such as the ion energy and flux to the surface.
Plexcitonic interactions in spherical and bi-pyramidical Au nanoparticles with monolayer WSe2
Authors: Jayanand Kishan , Kaul Anupama B.
Published: November 2022

Plasmons associated with zero-dimensional (0D) metal nanoparticles and their synergistic interactions with excitons in two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors offer opportunities for remarkable spectral tunability not otherwise evident in the pristine parent materials. As a result, an in-depth study elucidating the nature of the plasmonic and excitonic interactions, jointly referred to as plexcitons, is critical to understanding the foundational aspects of the light–matter interactions in hybrid 0D–2D systems. In this work, our focal point is to examine the plexcitonic interactions of van der Waals (vdWs) hybrid structures composed of 2D WSe2 and 0D Au nanoparticles (Au-NPs) in their spherical (Au-Sp) and bi-pyramidical (Au-BP) architectures. The geometry-dependent surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks in Au-Sp and Au-BP nanoparticles were deciphered using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) optical absorption spectroscopy, while photoluminescence spectroscopy revealed the excitonic behavior in the vapor synthesized monolayer (1L) WSe2 as well as the Au-Sp/WSe2 and Au-BP/WSe2 hybrids. Furthermore, our temperature-dependent and wavelength-dependent optoelectronic transport measurements showed a shift in the spectral response of 1L WSe2 toward the SPR peak locations of Au-Sp and Au-BP, mediated via the plexciton interactions. Models for the plexcitonic interactions are proposed, which provide a framework to explain the photoexcited hot charge carrier injection from AuNPs to WSe2 and their influence on carrier dynamics. Our findings demonstrate that geometry-mediated response of the AuNPs provides another degree of freedom to modulate the carrier photodynamics in WSe2, which can also be useful for tailoring the optoelectronic performance of the broader class of semiconducting 2D materials.
Quasi-solid n-type thermogalvanic thermocells with enhanced ionic conductivity for continuous low-grade heat harvesting
Authors: Gao Wei , Meng Haofei , Chen Yongping , Liu Xiangdong
Published: November 2022

Quasi-solid thermocells show great potential to save power terminals from periodic charging but still face the grand challenge of low thermoelectric efficiency. Despite many efforts devoted to improve thermopower, few studies have been reported to address the trade-off between thermopower and ionic conductivity encountered by n-type quasi-solid thermocells. Herein, a directional freeze-thawing method is developed to fabricate high-performance n-type quasi-solid thermocells with hierarchically anisotropic networks, enabling the decoupling of thermopower and ionic conductivity. The n-type thermopower is up to 0.74 mV/K, and the ionic conductivity is independently improved to be about 9.3 S/m. Thus, the output power density reaches ∼200 mW/m2, which is the same level among the quasi-solid n-type thermocells. Meanwhile, benefiting from the crystalline domains and alignment structures of the solid network, the thermocells achieve the strength of ∼380 kPa and an elongation at break of ∼320%. Moreover, the thermocells work stably when being pressed, bent, and stretched in practical uses. We believe this work not only demonstrates a particularly important example for fabricating high-performance n-type quasi-solid thermocells but also inspires the development of thermocell devices to achieve large-scale low-grade heat harvesting in wearable systems.