bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
catena-Poly[[diaqua[μ2-4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoato](μ2-4,4′-oxydibenzoato)praseodymium(III)] monohydrate]
Authors: Li Ping , Su Duo-Meng , Zheng Chang-Ge
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, {[Pr(C14H8O5)(C14H9O5)(H2O)2]·H2O}n, the PrIIIcation is eight-coordinated by six carboxyl O atoms from both a monoanionic 4-(4-carboxyphenoxy)benzoate and a dianionic 4,4′-oxydibenzoate ligand (four bridging with two from a bidentate chelate interaction), and two O-atom donors from water molecules. A single water molecule of solvation is also present. The complex units are linked through carboxylO:O′ bridges giving a two-dimensional sheet polymer lying parallel to (001). An overall three-dimensional network structure is generated through intermolecular carboxylic acid and water O—H...O hydrogen bonds and weak C—H...O interactions.
8-Methoxy-3-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine
Authors: Zhu Jing , Yang Xiang-Xiang , Xu Long-Yu , Ren Zhi-Dong , Qu Ling-Bo
Published: October 2013

The title compound, C10H13NO2, crystallizes with two crystallographically independent molecules of similar geometry in the asymmetric unit; the six-membered oxazine rings adopts a half-chair conformation. Neither hydrogen bonds nor π–π interactions are observed in the crystal structure.
S,S′-Butane-1,4-diyl bis(benzenecarbothioate)
Authors: Abe Daisuke , Sasanuma Yuji
Published: October 2013

The title compound, C18H18O2S2, which lies on an inversion center, adopts agauche+–trans–trans–trans–gauche−(g+tttg−) conformation in the S—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—S bond sequence. In the crystal, molecules are packed in a herringbone arrangement through intermolecular C—H...π interactions.
Dimethyl 4,4′-(diazenediyl)dibenzoate at 100 K
Authors: Gajda Katarzyna , Zarychta Bartosz , Domański Andrzej A. , Ejsmont Krzysztof
Published: October 2013

In the asymmetric part of the unit cell of the title compound, C16H14N2O4, there are two chemically equivalent but crystallographic independent half molecules. The geometric centre of each complete molecule lies on a crystallographic inversion centre. Both molecules are almost planar [mean deviations of atoms in the two molecules are 0.032 (2) and 0.044 (2) Å] and their geometries are similar. In the crystal, molecules are arranged in columns along theaaxis. There are no intermolecular donor–acceptor distances shorter than 3.4 Å.
Ethyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)acrylate
Authors: Suchetan P. A. , Palakshamurthy B. S. , Mohan N. R. , Madan Kumar S. , Lokanath N. K. , Sreenivasa S.
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C13H13NO3, the conformation across the C=C bond is synperiplanar, the torsion angle of the segment C(ring)—C=C—C(N) being 3.2 (5)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked into inversion dimers, arranged in a zigzag pattern, through two C—H...O interactions generatingR22(10) andR22(14) motifs. These dimers are arranged in a zigzag pattern in the crystal structure. The molecules are further linked along thecaxis through weak C—H...π interactions, and weak π...π interactions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.9986 (17) Å] are also observed.
N′-[(E)-Benzylidene]-2-(6-methoxynaphthalen-2-yl)propanohydrazide
Authors: Mague Joel T. , Akkurt Mehmet , Mohamed Shaaban K. , El-Remaily Mahmoud A. A. , Albayati Mustafa R.
Published: October 2013

The title molecule, C21H20N2O2, exists in the solid state in the `extended' form. The crystal packing consists of ribbons of molecules extending parallel tocand associatedviaN—H...O and weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds. C—H...π interactions are also present.
4-Amino-N-(4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-yl)benzenesulfonamide–1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2/1)
Authors: Arman Hadi D. , Kaulgud Trupta , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: October 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title co-crystal, C12H14N4O2S·0.5C6H12N2, comprises the sulfonamide molecule and half a molecule of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO), the latter being disposed about a crystallographic twofold rotation axis. In the sulfonamide molecule, the aromatic rings are almost perpendicular to one another [dihedral angle = 75.01 (8)°]. In the crystal, molecules are connected into a three-molecule aggregateviaamide–DABCO N—H...N hydrogen bonds, and these are connected into a three-dimensional architectureviaamino–DABCO N—H...O and amino-pyrimidine N—H...N hydrogen bonds.
N-[2-(2,2-Dimethylpropanamido)pyrimidin-4-yl]-2,2-dimethylpropanamiden-hexane 0.25-solvate hemihydrate
Authors: Ośmiałowski Borys , Valkonen Arto , Chęcińska Lilianna
Published: October 2013

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H22N4O2·0.25C6H14·0.5H2O, contains two independent molecules of 2,4-bis(pivaloylamino)pyrimidine (M) with similar conformations, one water molecule and one-halfn-hexane solvent molecule situated on an inversion center. In one independentMmolecule, one of the twotert-butyl groups is rotationally disordered between two orientations in a 3:2 ratio. Then-hexane solvent molecule is disordered between two conformations in the same ratio. The water molecule bridges two independentMmoleculesviaO—H...O, N—H...O and O—H...N hydrogen bonds into a 2M·H2O unit, and these units are further linked by N—H...N hydrogen bonds into chains running in the [010] direction. Weak C—H...O interactions are observed between the adjacent chains.
Olivine-type NaCd(AsO4)
Authors: Weil Matthias
Published: October 2013

The title compound, sodium cadmium orthoarsenate, adopts the olivine [Mg2(SiO4)] structure type in space groupPnma, with Na (site symmetry -1) and Cd (.m.) replacing the two Mg positions, and the AsO4tetrahedron (.m.) the SiO4tetrahedron. The crystal structure is made up of a nearly hexagonal closed-packed arrangement of O atoms stacked along [001]. The Na and Cd atoms occupy one half of the octahedral voids in alternate layers stacked along [100], and one eighth of the tetrahedral voids are occupied by As atoms.
Challenging the myth of apocalyptic aging at the local level of governance in Ontario
Authors: Waldbrook Natalie , Rosenberg Mark W. , Brual Janette
Published: October 2013

This article contributes to the literature on population aging and community development by exploring whether decision‐makers at local levels of governance in Canada subscribe to an age‐friendly or apocalyptic demography view of their older populations. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of six medium‐sized cities in Ontario, we capture the views of local leaders in different economic, demographic, and geographical contexts to understand the challenges, implications, and opportunities for community development as their populations age. We chose to capture the regional differences that exist between two rapidly growing suburban municipalities of the Greater Toronto Area and four cities in northern, eastern, and southwestern Ontario that face the dual challenges of industrial restructuring and an aging population. We also provide a case study involving two of these cities where local leaders actively encourage the in‐migration of seniors from other communities as a strategy for economic development and growth. The findings suggest that local leaders across Ontario generally embrace an age‐friendly view, but acknowledge there will be challenges to meeting the needs of a large older population, especially with regards to health and long‐term care.
The impact of climate change on the well‐being and lifestyle of a First Nation community in the western James Bay region
Authors: Tam Benita Y. , Gough William A. , Edwards Vicky , Tsuji Leonard J. S.
Published: October 2013

Through the use of traditional environmental knowledge (TEK), the impacts of climate change on the Fort Albany First Nation community are explored. Thirty‐nine community members were interviewed using a semi‐directive interview format to gather knowledge about their observations of local environmental and climatic change and the significance of these changes. Thematic analysis, cluster analysis, and concept mapping were applied to analyze interview transcriptions. A second round of interviews was conducted to obtain feedback on the themes and concepts that emerged from the first round of interviews. Community members indicated that there have been noticeable changes in the timing of seasons, snow type, and total snowfall, with an increase in extreme weather events. These changes have impacted animal behaviour, traditional harvesting activities, and the winter road, which have led to socio‐economic and well‐being issues. The community has exhibited strength in adapting to ongoing changes in the environment; however, their ability to adapt to climate change in the future is not certain.
Themes in geographies of health and health care research: Reflections from the 2012 Canadian Association of Geographers annual meeting
Authors: Giesbrecht Melissa , Cinnamon Jonathan , Fritz Charles , Johnston Rory
Published: October 2013

In May 2012, the Canadian Association of Geographers (CAG) annual meeting in Waterloo, Ontario, attracted strong attendance by scholars whose research explores the geographies of health and health care. The CAG's Geography of Health and Health Care Specialty Group organized 14 special paper sessions spanning three consecutive days and involving 53 presenters; 24 health‐focused papers were also given in other sessions throughout the CAG meeting, for a total of 77 presenters. In this viewpoint, we draw upon the diverse geographies of health and health care scholarship presented at this meeting to provide a snapshot of some current research themes in Canadian health geography. Five interrelated themes were identified, namely: 1) aging, disability, and chronic disease; (2) environmental determinants and health; (3) accessing health and health‐promoting services; (4) diversity and intersecting positions; and (5) research methods and frameworks. We believe that identifying themes from the 2012 CAG annual meeting provides insight regarding what issues, topics, methods, and frameworks are inspiring Canadian health geographers, while also serving as a baseline for comparison of future trends and directions for future research.
Dynamics and Balance Control of the Reaction Mass Pendulum: A Three-Dimensional Multibody Pendulum With Variable Body Inertia
Authors: Sanyal Amit K. , Goswami Ambarish
Published: October 2013

Pendulum models have been studied as benchmark problems for development of nonlinear control schemes, as well as reduced-order models for the dynamics analysis of gait, balance and fall for humanoid robots. We have earlier introduced the reaction mass pendulum (RMP), an extension of the traditional inverted pendulum models, which explicitly captures the variable rotational inertia and angular momentum of a human or humanoid. The RMP consists of an extensible “leg”, and a “body” with moving proof masses that gives rise to the variable rotational inertia. In this paper, we present a thorough analysis of the RMP, which is treated as a three-dimensional (3D) multibody system in its own right. We derive the complete kinematics and dynamics equations of the RMP system and obtain its equilibrium conditions. We show that the equilibria of this system consist of an unstable equilibrium manifold and a stable equilibrium manifold. Next, we present a nonlinear control scheme for the RMP, which is an underactuated system with three unactuated degrees of freedom (DOFs). This scheme asymptotically stabilizes this underactuated system at its unstable equilibrium manifold, with a vertically upright configuration for the “leg” of the RMP. The domain of convergence of this stabilization scheme is shown to be almost global in the state space of the RMP. Numerical simulation results verify this stability property of the control scheme and demonstrate its effectiveness in stabilizing the unstable equilibrium manifold.
Effects of Pulsation to the Mean Field and Vortex Development in a Backward-Facing Step Flow
Authors: Dol Sharul S. , Salek M. Mehdi , Martinuzzi Robert J.
Published: October 2013

This work is concerned with the behavior of pulsatile flows over a backward-facing step geometry. The paper mainly focuses on the effects of the pulsation frequency on the vortex development of a 2:1 backward-facing step for mean Reynolds number of 100 and for 0.035 ≤ St ≤ 2.19. The dependence of the flow field on the Reynolds number (Re = 100 and 200) was also examined for a constant Strouhal number, St of 1. A literature survey was carried out and it was found that the pulsation modifies the behavior of the flow pattern compared to the steady flow. It was shown in the present work that the inlet pulsation generally leads to differences in the mean flow compared to the steady field although the inlet bulk velocity is the same due to energy redistribution of the large-scale vortices, which result in nonlinear effects. The particle-image velocimetry results show that the formation of coherent structures, dynamical shedding, and transport procedure are very sensitive to the level of pulsation frequencies. For low and moderate inlet frequencies, 0.4 ≤ St ≤ 1, strong vortices are formed and these vortices are periodically advected downstream in an alternate pattern. For very low inlet frequency, St = 0.035, stronger vortices are generated due to an extended formation time, however, the slow formation process causes the forming vortices to decay before shedding can happen. For high inlet frequencies, St ≥ 2.19, primary vortex is weak while no secondary vortex is formed. Flow downstream of the expansion recovers quickly. For Re = 200, the pattern of vortex formation is similar to Re = 100. However, the primary and secondary vortices decay more slowly and the vortices remain stronger for Re = 200. The strength and structure of the vortical regions depends highly on St, but Re effects are not negligible.
Effect of Mn doping on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of In2O3 films
Authors: Wang Shiqi , An Yukai , Duan Lingshen , Liu Huarui , Liu Jiwen , Wu Zhonghua
Published: October 2013

(In1−xMnx)2O3 films were grown by radio frequency-magnetron sputtering technique. Effect of Mn doping on the structural, optical, and magnetic properties of films is investigated systematically. The detailed structure analyses suggest that Mn ions substitute for In3+ sites of the In2O3 lattice in the valence of +2 states, and Mn-related secondary phases or clusters as the source of ferromagnetism is safely ruled out. All films show typical room temperature ferromagnetism. The saturation magnetization Ms increases first, and then decreases, while carrier concentration nc decreases monotonically with Mn doping, implying that the ferromagnetism is not directly induced by the mediated carriers. The optical bandgap Eg of films decreases monotonically with the increase of Mn concentration, and there exists a linear functional dependence between Eg and nc2/3, which is consistent with Burstein-Moss shift arguments. It can be concluded that the ferromagnetic order in Mn-doped In2O3 films is intrinsic, arising from Mn atoms substitution for the In sites of In2O3 lattice. The oxygen vacancies play a mediation role on the ferromagnetic couplings between the Mn ions.
Utility as a rationale for choosing observer performance assessment paradigms for detection tasks in medical imaging
Authors: Wunderlich Adam , Abbey Craig K.
Published: October 2013

Purpose:

Studies of lesion detectability are often carried out to evaluate medical imaging technology. For such studies, several approaches have been proposed to measure observer performance, such as the receiver operating characteristic (ROC), the localization ROC (LROC), the free‐response ROC (FROC), the alternative free‐response ROC (AFROC), and the exponentially transformed FROC (EFROC) paradigms. Therefore, an experimenter seeking to carry out such a study is confronted with an array of choices. Traditionally, arguments for different approaches have been made on the basis of practical considerations (statistical power, etc.) or the gross level of analysis (case‐level or lesion‐level). This article contends that a careful consideration of utility should form the rationale for matching the assessment paradigm to the clinical task of interest.

Methods:

In utility theory, task performance is commonly evaluated with total expected utility, which integrates the various event utilities against the probability of each event. To formalize the relationship between expected utility and the summary curve associated with each assessment paradigm, the concept of a “natural” utility structure is proposed. A natural utility structure is defined for a summary curve when the variables associated with the summary curve axes are sufficient for computing total expected utility, assuming that the disease prevalence is known.

Results:

Natural utility structures for ROC, LROC, FROC, AFROC, and EFROC curves are introduced, clarifying how the utilities of correct and incorrect decisions are aggregated by summary curves. Further, conditions are given under which general utility structures for localization‐based methodologies reduce to case‐based assessment.

Conclusions:

Overall, the findings reveal how summary curves correspond to natural utility structures of diagnostic tasks, suggesting utility as a motivating principle for choosing an assessment paradigm.
Mitochondrial Fusion Directs Cardiomyocyte Differentiation via Calcineurin and Notch Signaling
Authors: Kasahara Atsuko , Cipolat Sara , Chen Yun , Dorn Gerald W. , Scorrano Luca
Published: October 2013

Mitochondrial Fusion and Heart Development

The role of mitochondria in fueling homeostatic cell processes is well appreciated, but whether and how they influence cell differentiation is much less clear. Using in vivo embryonic mouse models and mouse embryonic stem cell cultures,

Kasahara
et al.

(p.
734
, published online 3 October) found that an intact mitochondrial fusion pathway was essential for the cellular signaling that drives mesodermal cell differentiation into cardiomyocytes.
Changing Social Norm Compliance with Noninvasive Brain Stimulation
Authors: Ruff C. C. , Ugazio G. , Fehr E.
Published: October 2013

Conform to the Norm

Human societies have always enforced compliance with norms of acceptable behavior among their members by threatening punishment. It has been proposed that the human brain may have developed neural processes that support norm enforcement behavior and generate appropriate behavioral responses to social punishment threats. However, evidence for the neural circuitry underlying sanction-induced norm compliance in humans is limited. Using noninvasive brain stimulation,

Ruff
et al.

(p.
482
, published online 10 October) observed that alteration of the activity and excitability of the right lateral prefrontal cortex affected norm compliance, without affecting awareness of the content of the respective norms, or the expected sanctions. These alterations were much larger in a social, as compared to a nonsocial, context.
Entangling Mechanical Motion with Microwave Fields
Authors: Palomaki T. A. , Teufel J. D. , Simmonds R. W. , Lehnert K. W.
Published: October 2013

Optomechanically Entangled

Quantum entanglement allows engineered quantum systems to exceed classical information processing bounds.

Palomaki
et al.

(p.
710
, published online 3 October; see the Perspective by

Hammerer

) extend this quantum resource into the domain of micromechanical oscillators by demonstrating entanglement between a microwave field and a mechanical oscillator. The mechanical part of the entangled state could then be transferred to a second microwave field.
Complete Genome Sequence of Encapsulated Haemophilus influenzae Type f KR494, an Invasive Isolate That Caused Necrotizing Myositis
Authors: Su Yu-Ching , Hörhold Franziska , Singh Birendra , Riesbeck Kristian
Published: October 2013

Haemophilus influenzae
serotype f (Hif) is an etiologic agent of bacterial invasive disease. Here, we report the first annotated genome sequence of the Hif strain KR494, which was isolated from a patient suffering from sepsis and necrotizing myositis. The genome sequence will increase the understanding of Hif pathogenesis.
Genome Sequence of Marine Bacterium
Idiomarina
sp. Strain 28-8, Isolated from Korean Ark Shells
Authors: Kim Woo-Jin , Kim Young-Ok , Kim Dong-Gyun , Nam Bo-Hye , Kong Hee Jeong , Jung Hyungtaek , Lee Sang-Jun , Kim Dong-Wook , Kim Dae-Soo , Chae Sung-Hwa
Published: October 2013

Idiomarina
sp. strain 28-8 is an aerobic, Gram-negative, flagellar bacterium isolated from the bodies of ark shells (
Scapharca broughtonii
) collected from underwater sediments in Gangjin Bay, South Korea. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of
Idiomarina
sp. 28-8 (2,971,606 bp, with a G+C content of 46.9%), containing 2,795 putative coding sequences.
Genome Sequence of the Fructan-Degrading Organism
Marinimicrobium
sp. Strain LS-A18, Isolated from a Marine Solar Saltern
Authors: Lu Wei-Dong , Pang Hai-Qiang , Guo Li-Zhong
Published: October 2013

Marinimicrobium
sp. strain LS-A18 is a fructan-degrading organism isolated from a brine sample from a marine solar saltern in Jiaozhou Bay, China. The draft genome sequence of this bacterium is 3,815,107 bp in length, with a G+C content of 59.03%. To our knowledge, this is the first genome announcement of a fructan-degrading strain of the genus
Marinimicrobium
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Reticuloendotheliosis Virus Strain MD-2, Isolated from a Contaminated Turkey Herpesvirus Vaccine
Authors: Li Junping , Yang Chenghuai , Li Qihong , Li Huijiao , Xia Yecai , Liu Dan , Yu Kangzhen , Yang Hanchun
Published: October 2013

Here, we present the complete genomic sequence of a reticuloendotheliosis virus (REV) isolated from a contaminated turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine. This report will be helpful for epidemiological studies on REV infection in avian flocks.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp.
achromogenes
AS03, an Atypical Strain Isolated from Crucian Carp (
Carassius carassius
) in the Republic of Korea
Authors: Han Jee Eun , Kim Ji Hyung , Shin Sang Phil , Jun Jin Woo , Chai Ji Young , Park Se Chang
Published: October 2013

We present the draft genome sequence of
Aeromonas salmonicida
subsp.
achromogenes
strain AS03, an atypical
A. salmonicida
strain that causes erythrodermatitis in crucian carp (
Carassius carassius
). This is the first genome sequence report of
A. salmonicida
subsp.
achromogenes
, one of the four subspecies of atypical
A. salmonicida
.
Complete Genome Sequence of a New Tobamovirus Naturally Infecting Tomatoes in Mexico
Authors: Li Rugang , Gao Shan , Fei Zhangjun , Ling Kai-Shu
Published: October 2013

The complete genomic sequence of a new tobamovirus in tomatoes was determined through deep sequencing and assembly of small RNAs, then validated through Sanger sequencing. Based on the low sequence identity (≤85%) to known viruses and a close phylogenetic relationship to tobamoviruses, it was identified as a new species.
Draft Genome Sequence of Aeromonas veronii Hm21, a Symbiotic Isolate from the Medicinal Leech Digestive Tract
Authors: Bomar Lindsey , Stephens W. Zac , Nelson Michael C. , Velle Katrina , Guillemin Karen , Graf Joerg
Published: October 2013

Aeromonas veronii
strain Hm21 was isolated from the digestive tract of the medicinal leech
Hirudo verbana
and has been used to identify genes that are important for host colonization. This species is also a symbiont in the gut of zebrafish and is a pathogen of mammals and fish. We present here a 4.68-Mbp draft genome sequence for Hm21.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Oyster-Associated Bacteria Show Potential for Crude Oil Hydrocarbon Degradation
Authors: Chauhan Ashvini , Green Stefan , Pathak Ashish , Thomas Jesse , Venkatramanan Raghavee
Published: October 2013

Draft genome sequences of oyster-associated
Pseudomonas stutzeri
strain MF28,
P. alcaligenes
strain OT69,
P. aeruginosa
strain WC55,
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
strain MF89, and
Microbacterium maritypicum
strain MF109 are reported. Genome-wide surveys of these isolates suggest that the oyster microbiome, which remains largely understudied, has a strong potential to degrade crude oil.
Draft Genome Sequences of Two
Salmonella
Strains from the SARA Collection, SARA64 (Muenchen) and SARA33 (Heidelberg), Provide Insight into Their Antibiotic Resistance
Authors: Kroft Brenda S. , Brown Eric W. , Meng Jianghong , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: October 2013

The
Salmonella enterica
strains that are representatives of the
S. enterica
serovar Typhimurium complex in reference collection A (SARA) are closely related but exhibit differences in antibiotic resistance, which could have public health consequences. To better understand the mechanisms behind these resistances, we sequenced the genomes of two multidrug-resistant strains: SARA64 (Muenchen) and SARA33 (Heidelberg).
A not so simplex case of genital herpes
Authors: Philip K E J , Goodman A , Pallawela S N S , Sathia L , Webster D P
Published: October 2013

We report the case of a 28-year-old, HIV-positive woman presenting with painful vesicular and ulcerating lesions in the ano-genital region caused by varicella zoster virus that appeared similar to herpes simplex infection. The case highlights that herpes zoster needs to be considered in the differential diagnosis of genital lesions, particularly in HIV-positive individuals, and the importance of virological diagnosis by PCR to direct appropriate management.
ACE-inhibitor induced angio-oedema treated with complement C1-inhibitor concentrate
Authors: Rasmussen Eva Rye , Bygum Anette
Published: October 2013

ACE-inhibitor is an antihypertensive drug which is increasingly used to treat a wide range of medical conditions. A known adverse reaction is angio-oedema of the head and neck, which can become fatal when the upper airway is involved, causing asphyxia. We present a Caucasian man, who developed severe angio-oedema of the tongue and floor of the mouth. He was successfully treated with complement C1-concentrate causing the swelling to regress within 20 min. This treatment option can be an effective alternative to bradykinin antagonists, which might not be available in the emergency room, or more invasive measures like intubation or emergency airway puncture.
Asthma and risk of non-respiratory tract infection: a population-based case–control study
Authors: Bang Duk Won , Yang Hyeon J , Ryoo Eell , Al-Hasan Majdi N , Lahr Brian , Baddour Larry M , Yawn Barbara P , Juhn Young J
Published: October 2013

Objectives

Asthmatics have increased risks of airway-related infections. Little is known about whether this is true for non-airway-related serious infections such asEscherichia colibloodstream infection (BSI). We assessed whether asthma is associated with a risk of developing community-acquiredE coliBSI.

Design

The study was designed as a population-based retrospective case–control study.

Setting

This population-based study was conducted in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Participants

The study included 259 all eligible community-acquiredE coliBSI cases in Olmsted County, MN between 1998 and 2007 and 259 birthday-matched, gender-matched and residency-matched controls.

Primary and secondary outcome measures

Only community-acquiredE coliBSI cases as the primary outcome was included. Asthma status as an exposure was ascertained by predetermined criteria. An adjusted OR and 95% CI for the association between asthma and risk of community-acquiredE coliBSI was calculated using conditional logistic regression.

Results

Of 259 eligible cases, 179 (69%) were women and mean age was 61±22 years. Of the 259 cases 37 (14%) and 16 (6%) of 259 controls had a prior history of asthma (adjusted OR 2.74; 95% CI 1.11 to 6.76; p=0.029). The population attributable risk of asthma for community-acquiredE coliBSI was 9%. Although not statistically significant, there was a borderline association between having a history of food allergy and increased risk of community-acquiredE coliBSI (6% vs 2%; adjusted OR 3.51; 95% CI 0.94 to 13.11; p=0.062).

Conclusions

Based on the findings of the current population-based, case–control investigation, a history of asthma may be associated with risk of community-acquiredE coliBSI. The impact of asthma on risk of microbial infections may go beyond airways.
Comments on the dilemma in the September issue: ‘Confronting bad husbandry’
Authors: Mullan Siobhan
Published: October 2013

The dilemma in the September issue concerned the welfare of horses belonging to a breeder and long‐standing client of a practice. On several occasions a vet had noticed problems with the animals' living quarters, such as makeshift pens that were rarely cleaned out and outdoor areas that were muddy and full of manure. Not only did the owner not seem to take on any of the vet's advice, but the concerns were also largely ignored back at the practice (In Practice, September 2013, volume 35, pages 486‐487). Kathryn Henderson suggested that the first thing for the vet to do could be to organise a formal meeting with the practice boss, as engaging the breeder without support would be difficult. She also commented that the best way forward might be for the vet to try to educate the client on good husbandry and hygiene. This could be framed as a ‘new free‐of‐charge practice initiative’ to improve herd health and could stress the effects of poor management on profitability.
Dealing with difficult clinical encounters
Authors: Fawcett Anne
Published: October 2013

Training may prepare veterinarians for working up difficult cases but, for most practising vets, the toughest situations don't involve medical conundrums but instead relate to people. Anne Fawcett considers what makes these kinds of encounters particularly difficult, the impact they can have on everyday practice, and outlines ways to manage and even prevent them in the future.
Approach to the coughing dog
Authors: Martin Mike , Pereira Yolanda Martinez
Published: October 2013

A wide variety of conditions can cause coughing in dogs, which can present either as an acute problem or a chronic condition. This article aims to provide a pragmatic review of coughing in dogs. An understanding of the location of the cough receptors in the respiratory tract is key to understanding how best to investigate coughing. It considers the pathophysiology of coughing and its diagnosis, offering tips on the more useful diagnostic tests for each condition.
Profiles ofMycobacteriumcommunities under polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contamination stress in the Shenfu Irrigation Area, northeast China
Authors: Li Xinyu , Li Xu , Wang Jian , Wang Xiujuan , Sun Jian , Su Zhencheng , Zhang Huiwen , Li Peijun
Published: October 2013

Indigenous Mycobacterium communities play an important role in the degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), but little is known about Mycobacterium distribution in situ at PAH-contaminated sites. In this study, the diversity and distribution of Mycobacterium communities were investigated in sediments and soils at sites upstream, midstream, and downstream of an oil-sewage irrigation channel, using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). The results show that heavy PAH contamination in upstream sites negatively affected Mycobacterium community diversity compared with midstream and downstream sites in all 3 sample types (sediments, corn field soils, and rice field soils). There was a correlation between the distribution of Mycobacterium communities and PAH contamination, as indicated by canonical correspondence analysis. Mycobacterium diversity and distribution was found to vary between the 3 sample types.
COMPLETE STATIONARY SURFACES IN ${\mathbb R}^4_1$ WITH TOTAL GAUSSIAN CURVATURE – ∫ KdM = 4π
Authors: MA XIANG , WANG PENG
Published: October 2013

We classify complete, algebraic, spacelike stationary (i.e. zero mean curvature) surfaces in four-dimensional Lorentz space [Formula: see text] with total Gaussian curvature – ∫ K d M = 4π. Such surfaces must be orientable surfaces, congruent to either the generalized catenoids or the generalized Enneper surfaces. The least total Gaussian curvature of a non-orientable algebraic stationary surface is 6π, which can be realized by Meeks' Möbius strip and its deformations (and also by a new class of non-algebraic examples). When the genus of its oriented double covering [Formula: see text] is g, we obtain the lower bound 2(g + 3)π, which is conjectured to be the best lower bound for each g.
Accurate numerical schemes based on the lattice Boltzmann methods for multi-dimensional diffusion equations
Authors: Suga Shinsuke
Published: October 2013

We propose accurate explicit numerical schemes based on the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method for multi-dimensional diffusion equations. In LB schemes, the velocity models D2Q9 and D2Q13 are used for two-dimensional equations and D3Q19 and D3Q25 for three-dimensional equations. We introduce free parameters that characterize the weight of the equilibrium distribution functions to reduce numerical errors. Consistency analysis through the fourth-order Chapman–Ensgok expansion of the distribution functions gives an approximate diffusion equation with error terms up to fourth-order. The relaxation parameter and weight parameters are determined so that second-order error terms are eliminated in the approximate equation. Stability analysis shows that we can find a relaxation parameter so that each of the presented schemes is stable for given diffusion coefficients and discretizing parameters. Numerical experiments for the isotropic and anisotropic benchmark problems show that the presented schemes derived from the velocity models D2Q13 and D3Q25 are useful for numerical simulations of practical problems governed by two- and three-dimensional diffusion equations, respectively. In particular, schemes in which the value of the relaxation parameter is set to be 1 demonstrate a fourth-order accuracy under the stability condition.
Improving epidemic control strategies by extended detection
Authors: Karp Paweł , Dybiec Bartłomiej , Kleczkowski Adam
Published: October 2013

Majority of epidemics eradication programs work in preventive responsive way. The lack of exact information about epidemiological status of individuals makes responsive actions less efficient. Here, we demonstrate that additional tests can significantly increase the efficiency of "blind" treatment (vaccination or culling). Eradication strategy consisting of "blind" treatment in very limited local neighborhood supplemented by extra tests in a little bit larger neighborhood is able to prevent invasion of even highly infectious diseases and to achieve this at a cost lower than for the "blind" strategy. The effectiveness of the extended strategy depends on such parameters as the test efficiency and test cost.
SPECTROSCOPY AND THERMODYNAMICS OF MSW BLACK HOLE
Authors: SEBASTIAN SANEESH , KURIAKOSE V. C.
Published: October 2013

We study the thermodynamics and spectroscopy of a (2+1)-dimensional black hole proposed by Mandal et al.1 [Mod. Phys. Lett. A6, 1685 (1991)]. We put the background spacetime in Kruskal like co-ordinate and find period with respect to Euclidean time. Different thermodynamic quantities like entropy, specific heat, temperature etc. are obtained. The adiabatic invariant for the black hole is found and quantized using Bohr–Sommerfeld quantization rule. The study shows that the area spectrum of MSW black hole is equally spaced and the value of spacing is found to be ℏ.
OPPOSITE PARITY FERMION MIXING AND BARYONS 1/2±
Authors: KALOSHIN A. E. , KOBELEVA E. A. , LOMOV V. P.
Published: October 2013

We develop a variant of K-matrix, which includes the effect of opposite parity fermions (OPF) mixing, and apply it for description of πN partial waves S11 and P11. OPF-mixing leads to appearance of negative energy poles in K-matrix and restoration of MacDowell symmetry, relating two partial waves. Joint analysis of PWA results for S11 and P11 confirms significance of this effect.
FUNDING FROM THE CROWD: AN INTERNET-BASED CROWDFUNDING PLATFORM TO SUPPORT BUSINESS SET-UPS FROM UNIVERSITIES
Authors: WIECK ENRICO , BRETSCHNEIDER ULRICH , LEIMEISTER JAN MARCO
Published: October 2013

This research-in-progress paper presents a research project that aims at developing, piloting and evaluating a crowdfunding platform to support financing for start-ups emerging from university. Currently, universities' own financial resources to support setting up businesses from universities are limited. Universities' business foundation consultancy can often only intermediate between entrepreneurs on the one side and restricted funding programs or few investors on the other side. A crowdfunding platform enables many individuals of the (university) crowd to support promising business ideas with little investments cumulating to a greater sum in total. Thus, it has the potential to extend universities' opportunities to support entrepreneurs. In addition, tasks like idea communication, idea evaluation and investment decisions can be outsourced to the crowd. The idea, research setting, first results and a future outlook of this research project are discussed in this paper.
SURFACE PROCESS AND FLUVIAL LANDFORM RESPONSE TO THE MS 8.0 WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE, LONGMEN SHAN, CHINA
Authors: LI Y. , YAN Z. K. , ZHOU R. J. , SVIRCHEV L. , LI H. B. , SU D. C. , YAN L. , DENSMORE A. L. , DING H. R. , CHEN H. , QIAO B. C. , MA B. L. , YUN K. , MA C. , ZHAO G. H.
Published: October 2013

The MS 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008, in the Longmen Shan mountain range area in China, led to two roughly parallel NE-trending thrust and strike-slip surface ruptures of the Beichuan, Pengguan, and the Xiaoyudong faults. Coseismic deformation changed the topographical gradient and produced massive landslides and debris flows, causing a corresponding response of the fluvial landforms. In this paper, based on data regarding the surface ruptures and changes to the topography and drainage resulting from the earthquake, the influence of the thrusting and strike-slipping on fluvial landforms and drainage are integrated and analyzed. The results are shown for the following five main aspects: (1) the strike-slipping driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic diversion points of river channels; (2) the thrusting driven by the earthquake caused the formation of new tectonic slope-break points in the river channel; (3) the strikes of the faults activated by the earthquake controlled the river channel direction; (4) the uplifting driven by the earthquake led to changes of riverbed gradient profiles and their base levels; and (5) exceptionally heavy rainfall after the earthquake initiated landslides, debris flows and floods, and will continue to be a hazard for several decades to come.
From identification of fluorescent flavoproteins to mitochondrial redox indicators in intact tissues
Authors: Hassinen Ilmo E.
Published: October 2013

Development of the use of flavin and nicotinamide-adenine nucleotide fluorescence in monitoring the redox state of the free mitochondrial NADH/NAD+couple in cells, tissues and organs is reviewed. A break-through was the identification of dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (FpL) as the major NAD-linked fluorescent flavoprotein of mitochondria. This mitochondrial matrix flavoprotein is in equilibrium with the free NADH/NAD+pool and its mid-potential is sufficiently near to that of NADH/NAD+so that its percentage reduction follows that of the latter. Possibilities of monitoring mitochondrial and cytosolic NADH depend on the population density of mitochondria and thus are tissue-dependent. Upon a shift toward reduction, fluorescence intensities of NADH and flavins swing to reciprocal directions, so that the NADH/flavin fluorescence ratio can be used to increase the sensitivity of redox monitoring. This method is attaining widening use in studies on metabolic regulation under normal and pathological conditions.
Synthesis of biocompatible near infrared fluorescence Ag2S quantum dot and its application in bioimaging
Authors: Zhang Xin , Gu Yueqing , Chen Haiyan
Published: October 2013

This article has been retracted due to limited novelty in the proposed synthetic method. The corresponding author Haiyan Chen agrees to the retraction. The first author Xin Zhang could not be contacted.
Wavelet-based classification and influence matrix analysis method for the fast discrimination of Chinese herbal medicines according to the geographical origins with near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Li Wenlong , Qu Haibin
Published: October 2013

A discriminant analysis technique using wavelet transformation (WT) and influence matrix analysis (CAIMAN) method is proposed for the near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy classification. In the proposed methodology, NIR spectra are decomposed by WT for data compression and a forward feature selection is further employed to extract the relevant information from the wavelet coefficients, reducing both classification errors and model complexity. A discriminant-CAIMAN (D-CAIMAN) method is utilized to build the classification model in wavelet domain on the basis of reduced wavelet coefficients of spectral variables. NIR spectra data set of 265 salviae miltiorrhizae radix samples from 9 different geographical origins is used as an example to test the classification performance of the algorithm. For a comparison, k-nearest neighbor (KNN), linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and quadratic discriminant analysis (QDA) methods are also employed. D-CAIMAN with wavelet-based feature selection (WD-CAIMAN) method shows the best performance, achieving the total classification rate of 100% in both cross-validation set and prediction set. It is worth noting that the WD-CAIMAN classifier also shows improved sensitivity, selectivity and model interpretability in the classifications.
Understanding the provenance and reservoir quality of the Sele Formation sandstones of the UK Central Graben utilizing detrital garnet suites
Authors: Kilhams Ben , Morton Andrew , Borella Riccardo , Wilkins Anne , Hurst Andrew
Published: October 2013

Detrital garnet suites have been demonstrated to be reliable indicators of the mineralogical and lithological characteristics of sediment source areas. This study applies garnet analysis to the Paleocene to Eocene Sele Formation deep-water sandstone units of the central North Sea. These stratigraphic units are economically important as they represent one of the main hydrocarbon reservoir intervals in this mature basin. The routing of turbidity currents into the Central Graben has been demonstrated to be related to axial fans (ultimately sourced from Lewisian and Moine basement rocks and Triassic sandstones to the NW) and lateral fans (ultimately sourced from the Dalradian basement rocks to the west). Garnet analysis suggests the majority of samples can be attributed to the axial fan system and that the lateral system contributed little to sandstone deposition east of the Gannet Fields. This contradicts previous seismic mapping work, which suggested that the lateral fan system dominated sedimentation as far east as the Merganser Field. This reinterpretation is potentially important for our understanding of sediment routing and its impact on the distribution of reservoir quality, particularly as this is believed to relate directly to proximity to the shelf.
Theoretical Analysis of the Velocity Profiles in a Diacell® Cell Applying Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: Enciso Rubí , Espinoza-Montero Patricio J , Frontana-Uribe Bernardo A. , Delgadillo Jose Angel , Rodríguez-Torres Israel
Published: October 2013

The DiaCell® electrochemical reactor has been used in several processes such as disinfection without chorine addition, advanced oxidation processes and residual water treatment. The reactor design allows a modification of the configuration from 1 to 4 compartments, changing the effective reactor volume with separators of different sizes that are internal and parallel feed. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) study of a DiaCell® reactor is needed to describe the detailed flow field and the velocity profiles at each step of the compartments. The CFD analysis is an important tool to scale up the process in a swift and efficient way. The theoretical analysis presented in this paper shows changes in the velocity profiles and flow distribution as a function of the width of the selected separators and the residence time of the cell for four different geometry configurations. The reactor configuration with two separators of 0.3 cm present the most even flow distribution. Furthermore, the analysis shows that it is possible to evaluate for each of the four different geometries where the flow is even and the section of the flow close to the electrode that it is not uniform.
Degradation of Metronidazole in Aqueous Solution by Electrochemical Peroxidation
Authors: Nolasco Sandra Luz , Roa Gabriela , Gomez Rosa Maria , Balderas Patricia , Ibarra Pedro
Published: October 2013

The drugs fall in a new series of water pollutants called "emergent"; such drugs are complex molecules with different physicochemical properties and biological activity, which are two characteristics that have led to their inclusion in the environment (1). The metronidazole (MTZ) is an antibiotic, widely used to treat infectious diseases caused by anaerobic bacteria and protozoa. Also, it is used in veterinary medicine as food stuff additive for poultry and fish to remove parasites (2). Administered once, the metronidazole can be excreted without undergoing transformation or metabolization, excretion through urine or feces causes the presence and accumulation of the drug in wastewaters (3)(4). The high solubility of metronidazole in water and its low biodegradability makes it a difficult contaminant to remove by traditional methods of wastewater treatment (5), causing its accumulation in the aquatic environment. Therefore various methods have been employed to remove the aqueous medium metronidazole, among them are: simultaneous application of ozonation and adsorption, adsorption / biosorption (6), coagulation, photochemical oxidation using UV-H2O2, oxidation with iron nanoparticles (7), among others. These methods showed a decrease in the concentration of metronidazole, after which the water can be treated. When using an advanced oxidation process such as electrochemical peroxidation synthetic water based on 100 ppm of a standard metronidazole, is in itself a degradation study, showing a 80.03% COD removal after 20 minutes treatment and 83.5% metronidazole concentration less at the end of treatment (60 minutes).
Adsorption Study of Sodium Isopropyl Xanthate On Chalcopyrite
Authors: Moreno-Medrano Edgar David , Casillas Norberto , Cruz Roel , Larios-Durán Erika Roxana , Lara-Castro Rene , Barcena-Soto Maximiliano
Published: October 2013

This paper presents voltammetric and electrochemical impedance studies of the anodic oxidation of chalcopyrite in the presence of highly concentrated sodium isopropyl xanthate solutions. The voltammetric response of the system displays a passivating effect on the chalcopyrite surface with the addition of xanthate due to its adsorption, which also impedes the transportation of oxidized species, i.e., Fe2+ and Cu2+ from the mineral matrix outwards the interface. The impedance spectra obtained near the polarization potential, at which the passivating effect is observed in the voltammograms shows a pseudocapacitive effect in the system, which is associated to the adsorption of xanthate and blocking the interface. The impedance spectra obtained show three time constants associated with the oxidation reactions of chalcopyrite and xanthate and the formation of covellite and cuprous xanthate on the mineral surface, the EIS results are according to the voltammetric response obtained for the system.