bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Legislative oversight and democratic consolidation in Nigeria: 1999-2019
Authors: Yusuf Yusuf Abdu , Ojoduwa Friday Joseph
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study is manifold. Firstly, it determines the roles played by the legislature in performing its oversight function in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic, from 1999 to 2019. Secondly and is a related purpose, it demonstrates how this function (oversight) has helped in democratic consolidation. Thirdly, it identifies the challenges of legislative oversight, and lastly, it adumbrates the implications of these challenges to democratization in the Nigerian politics. The Institutional agency theory propounded by Barry Mitnick is adopted in this paper as a framework of analysis. Hence, the study, which is basically empirical, generated the data from face-to-face interview using purposive sampling and case study research design. In doing so, the paper opines that for oversight function to strengthen democracy in Nigeria, the legislature should be financially autonomous and otherwise. Moreover, the degree of separation of powers should be improved and both the legislature and its staff should be trained frequently. Similarly, the paper concludes that there is need for the research improvement in the Nigerian National Assembly.
Impact evaluation of households participation in agriculture on welfare in Ghana
Authors: Fumey Abel , Agyeman-Boaten Solomon Yaw , Bediako Norman Sheriff
Published: November 2022

The role of agriculture in Ghana’s economic development cannot be overstated as it is a major contributor to GDP and employs more people in the rural areas thereby improving on their welfare. However, the sector’s performance in recent time has declined as poverty incidence has remained high among rural agriculture households. This study, therefore, examines how participation in agriculture activities impact households’ welfare in Ghana using the seventh edition of Ghana Living Standard Survey (GLSS) dataset conducted in 2016/2017. The Heckman probit model is applied to determine the drivers of households' probability of engaging in agriculture. The propensity scores matching technique is used to match the farming households to their replica non-farming households as counterfactuals to ascertain the welfare impact of the households. The result shows that the welfare of households in agriculture is multidimensionally deprived than non-agriculture households. In addition, factors such as size of household, sex and age of household head, age at first marriage, location, ethnicity, and educational level of household heads have the likelihood of influencing agriculture participation in Ghana. Therefore, by modernising agriculture to enhance value addition through technology, irrigation, financing and marketing to boost agribusinesses would enhance the welfare in the agriculture households.
6 - The ‘#tag Generation’: Social Media and Youth Participation in the 2019 General Election in Nigeria
Authors: Obisesan Oluwasola Festus
Published: November 2022

This article examines the roles of social media on youth’s political participation in the 2019 General Elections in Nigeria. It interrogates the roles played by these communication tools in the emancipation and agency of youths while revealing the double-edged implications the devices may have on the democratic processes and aspirants. The article employs both primary and secondary methods of data sourcing. Primary data were obtained from in-depth interviews with social media ‘influencers’ who played vital roles during the 2019 General Election in Nigeria. Further, data were obtained from selected social media accounts of prominent politicians and analysed using content analysis. Secondary data were extracted from books, articles, newspapers and magazines. Also, the study was contextualised using use and gratification theory. The study concluded that social media played a vital role in the 2019 General Election in Nigeria. It revealed how social media contributed to citizens’ power and agency through debates and narratives which were instrumental in agenda-setting for the ruling class and citizens’ democratic expectations.

Oluwasola Festus Obisesan, Department of International Relations, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Osun State, Nigeria. Email: obisesanoluwasolaf@yahoo.com
7 - ‘Open the Servers’: The Implications of Electoral Technology for Kenya’s Democratisation Process
Authors: Omwoha Joyce
Published: November 2022

Digital technologies for elections were introduced in Kenya with a vision that they would bring election reforms through increasing administrative efficiency, reducing long-term costs, and by enhancing transparency in the electoral process would enhance citizenry inclusivity. Despite the voting exercise taking place without a hitch, the 2017 General Election results were dismissed by various stakeholders who called on the Independent Electoral and Boundaries Commission (IEBC) to ‘open the servers’, with witnesses, to use the results inside the servers to verify the ballot papers in the ballot boxes. Promises by IEBC that counting, transmission and verification of results would promote citizens’ rights during the electoral process were not met hence the Swahili phrase, ‘Fungua server’ (Open the servers) was coined. The server became the Holy Grail, the gadget of hope for free and fair elections. Chants of ‘Fungua server’ unveiled the dreaded side of Kenya’s democratisation; of flawed elections and violence that followed. ‘Fungua server’ was a call to free and fair elections. The paradox of technology this article seeks to interrogate was how technology has subverted democratic elections in Kenya; arguing that there is need to demystify the server and focus on electoral transparency as a yardstick of democracy.

Joyce Omwoha, PhD, Lecturer, Journalism & Media Studies, Technical University of Kenya. Email: joyceomwoha@gmail.com
La imagen social sobre los Profesionales de Enfermería que tiene una Comunidad de Misiones, Argentina.
Authors: Lapinski Sonia Verena
Published: November 2022

La presente investigación indaga sobre la Imagen social que tienen los habitantes de una comunidad de la Ciudad de Posadas Misiones Argentina sobre la labor de enfermería, ya que el público ignora o desconoce cuál es la verdadera competencia y la consecuente formación requerida para desempeñar el rol de la enfermera en diferentes ámbitos de actuación, este desconocimiento se sostiene mediante la información errónea que continúan brindando los medios de comunicación, que proyectan imágenes que sólo contribuyen a afianzar la distorsión y favorecen el sostenimiento del desvío del rol profesional. Objetivo: Describir la imagen social que tienen las personas del Barrio Santa Rita de la ciudad de Posadas, Misiones, Argentina sobre los Profesionales de Enfermería, en cuanto a su labor. Método: un estudio cuali-cuantitativo, descriptivo, muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, seleccionando 30 unidades de análisis aplicando una entrevista, anónima y voluntaria previa firma de consentimiento informado. El análisis de datos por segmentación, codificación, categorización y búsqueda de regularidades, analizando dicha información a la luz del marco teórico. Resultados: emergieron la categoría: Imagen Social de Enfermería, y sus tres subcategorías, 1. Información, 2. Actitud y, 3. Campos de las representaciones sociales. Conclusión, las dos primeras, exponen configuraciones ligadas a las diferentes etapas históricas de la enfermería; la tercera, destaca el conocimiento y las funciones técnico procedimentales en el enfermero.
Effect of Intranasal Dexamethasone on the Incidence of Nausea and Vomiting After Adult Strabismus Surgery
Authors: Shetabi Hamidreza , Koohi Hadi
Published: November 2022

Objectives: Due to the high prevalence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), this study aimed to determine the preventive effect of intranasal dexamethasone on the incidence of nausea and vomiting after adult strabismus surgery. Methods: This randomized clinical trial study was performed on 72 patient candidates for strabismus surgery at Feiz University Hospital in Isfahan in 2020. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 36 with random allocation software and entered into the study. After induction of similar anesthesia, endotracheal intubation was performed in patients. Immediately after inflating the cuff, the first group (intranasal dexamethasone (ND)) received 1 mL of dexamethasone (4 mg) per nasal passage, and the second group (intranasal normal saline (NS)) received 1 mL of normal saline per nasal passage. Patients of the 2 groups were evaluated and compared at first 2 hours and 2 - 24 hours after surgery for the incidence and severity of nausea and vomiting, and pain after surgery. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Results: There were no significant differences in terms of age (P = 0.304), weight (P = 0.21), gender (P = 0.81), and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Physical Status class (P = 1) between the 2 groups. In the first 2 hours after surgery, the incidence of nausea (P = 0.034) and its severity (P = 0.019) was significantly lower in the ND group compared to the NS group. Also, 24 hours after surgery, the incidence of nausea (P = 0.38) and its severity (P = 0.55) were insignificantly lower in the ND group. Both groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of vomiting at 2 hours (P = 0.11) and 24 hours (P = 0.16) postoperative. Two hours after surgery, the incidence of pain (P = 0.001) and its severity (P < 0.001), and also 24 hours after surgery, the incidence of pain (P < 0.001) and its severity (P < 0.001) were significantly lower in the ND group. Getting ondansetron (P = 0.023) and pethidine (P < 0.001), extubation time (P < 0.001), and recovery time (P = 0.03) were significantly lower in the ND group. Patients’ satisfaction was significantly higher in the ND group compared to the NS group (P = 0.031). Conclusions: The findings of the present study show that the intranasal use of dexamethasone with a dose of 8 mg compared to saline is associated with a decrease in PONV and postoperative pain, a decrease in the use of ondansetron and pethidine, and an increase in patient’s satisfaction. Intranasal use of dexamethasone may be an effective and safe method, especially in cases where we do not have access to an intravenous line.
Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 as a Biomarker in Hepatitis B Virus-Related Liver Disease
Authors: Miao Xin , Wu Guicheng , An Xuan , Guo Xiqing , Peng Chuyan
Published: November 2022

Background: Past research has found that fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is associated with several hepatic disorders, such as alcoholic liver disease and primary biliary cirrhosis. However, there is currently a lack of relevant studies on the relationship between FGF19 and hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related liver disease. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the role of serum FGF19 as a new biomarker for HBV-related liver disease and provide scientific data to show the clinical value of this biomarker. Methods: A retrospective study included 37 patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB), 33 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis (HBV-cirrhosis), and 32 patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HBV-HCC). Furthermore, 33 normal people were randomly selected as healthy controls. The serum levels of FGF19 were measured by ELISA. Results: Serum FGF19 levels were increased sequentially in the CHB group, HBV-cirrhosis group, and HBV-HCC group. Furthermore, serum FGF19 levels positively correlated with alpha-fetoprotein, prothrombin time, international normalized ratio, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl-transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acid, serum markers for liver fibrosis, ascites, cirrhosis, Child-Pugh classification and model for end-stage liver disease sodium (MELD-Na) score, while negatively correlated with platelet count, prothrombin activity, and albumin. The diagnostic threshold of serum FGF19 for HBV-related HCC was 165.32 pg/mL, with a sensitivity of 81.25% and specificity of 58.57%. Conclusions: Serum FGF19 levels are positively associated with cholestasis, hepatocyte damage, and liver fibrosis but negatively correlated with liver synthetic function and liver functional reserve in HBV-related liver disease. Diverse changes in serum FGF19 may be used as a predictive marker for the progression of HBV-related liver disease. In addition, serum FGF19 has a potential role in monitoring carcinogenesis in patients with HBV-related liver disease.
Classification of Ni Levels for Determination Cut-Off Grade in Region X
Authors: Jafar Nurliah , Wahid Hendra , Widodo Sri
Published: November 2022

The need for ore with levels above 1.8% presents the author's initiative to conduct research to produce ore products with the required levels. The aim is to find out the lowest grade of ore that can be mined and used as a cut-off grade in area x. The research method used is the blending method. Some of the data needed include the drill point coordinates, the borehole's depth, the borehole, the slope of the borehole, lithology, and the value of Ni content. The distribution of nickel in the x region is dominated by ore which has a grade of 1 to 2% with a total volume of 140,100 Bcm, and there is a small amount of nickel that has a rate above 2% with an importance of 15,650 Bcm. The mining sequence has been divided into three to three stages, where the tonnage obtained from each location is 8,9937 tons, 442361 tons, and 100,554 tons. The simulation of blending steps was carried out starting from the classification of nickel with the highest grade, namely nickel with the lowest rate of 1.8% with an average rise of 2.07%, to the last stage, which produces a middle grade of 1.9%, namely in the classification of nickel with rates above 1.6 %. From the results of the blending simulation that has been carried out, it can be concluded that the lowest grade that can be used as a cut-off grade in area x is ore with a Ni content of 1.6%.
Block Model of Laterite Nickel Reserve in the Sorowako Village Research Area, South Sulawesi Province
Authors: Nurjayanty Yunita , Djamaluddin Djamaluddin , Ardianto Budiman Agus
Published: November 2022

The manufacture of laterite nickel deposit model blocks is one of the stages after exploration activities are carried out in an area that shows potential resources that are feasible to be exploited. The purpose of this study was to determine the tonnage value of an estimated resource of saprolite and limonite ore deposits in the drilling area. The research method is the implementation of fieldwork, which includes a survey of the area to be drilled, tools and materials used in drilling production, and determining the stages in making model blocks. The data used in this study are data from analysis of nickel content, data on the total depth of drill points, lithology data of laterite nickel profiles, and data on coordinates and elevation of drill points. In research conducted in the concession area of ​​the research area with a number of drill points of as many as 275 points and a drill spacing of 25 meters and 50 meters, the number of resources that have been calculated in the form of a 3D block model and a cross-sectional vertical correlation where in the limonite layer the volume value is obtained. of 757,031 m3 with an average Ni content: 0.84%, while the saprolite layer obtained a volume value of 210,781 m3 with an average Ni content: 1.80%. The conclusion obtained is that the tonnage value for the limonite layer is 1,211,250 tons, and for the saprolite layer the tonnage value is 400,484 tons.
Lifestyle factors associated with poor sleep quality among undergraduate dental students at a Malaysian private university
Authors: Hashim Hasnah , Ng Jiong Sen , Ngo Jin Xuan , Ng Yong Zhi , Aravindkumar Balaraman
Published: November 2022

Objective The purpose of this study was to look into the associations between lifestyle factors, gender, clinical level, and sleep quality among undergraduate dental students at a private university in Malaysia.

Material and Methods A self-administered Pittsburg sleep quality index (PSQI) scale and the lifestyle and habits questionnaire-brief (LHQ-B) were used in this cross-sectional study. A global PSQI score of greater than 5 indicates poor sleep quality. All university dental students were invited to take part. Descriptive statistics and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the data.

Results A total of 338 students took part in the study, with a response rate of 90.4%. The proportion of females was higher (68.3 %) and more than half of the respondents (56.7 %) were in their clinical years. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 36.7%. At multivariable level, poor sleep quality was associated with being male (OR=1.72 [95% confidence interval (1.05, 2.83)] and engaging in an unhealthy lifestyle for psychological health (OR=2.64 [95% confidence interval (1.34, 5.21)] and nutrition (OR=2.48 [95% confidence interval (1.028, 4.82)].

Conclusion The prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate dental students in our study was comparable to that found in other studies. Male students were more likely to have poor sleep quality than female students. Our findings indicate that poor sleep quality (PSQI score >5) may be linked to unhealthy lifestyle habits related to psychological health and nutrition. Health education that emphasizes these domains is essential for improving their lifestyle habits and sleep quality.
Restriction of the family-centered care miracle by COVID-19: the role of the father in sleep disturbance of hospitalized pediatrics
Authors: Khaksar Sajjad , Kalhor Faramarz
Published: November 2022

Introduction One of the important outcomes of hospitalization in infants with respiratory disease is sleep disturbance. This study was performed to investigate the role and participation of fathers in the sleep of hospitalized pediatrics with pneumonia during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Material and Methods In this clinical trial study, the parents of 40 children aged from 12 to 36 months hospitalized with a diagnosis of pneumonia were randomly assigned to the control and intervention groups. After implementing a supportive training program for the fathers in the intervention group, each father made an online video communication with the infant and the mother as the primary caregiver. Mothers completed the brief infant sleep questionnaire-revised at the beginning and a week later.

Results Data analysis showed that daytime sleep duration, setting time and total 24-hour sleep time in the intervention group improved compared to the control group. In addition, parents’ behavior toward their child’s sleep improved in the intervention group compared to the control group, but parents’ perceptions of their child’s sleep in the intervention group did not show a significant difference compared to the control group. The mean total score of the intervention group also improved compared to the control group.

Conclusion Planning to maintain family unity by educating and supporting fathers during the child’s illness and their paternal support during the COVID-19 pandemic can improve the sleep of the hospitalized child due to pneumonia.
Effect of myofunctional therapy on snoring in obese patients: a randomized trial
Authors: Sperger Thiare , Araujo Allan Cezar Faria , Soares Carolina Ferraz de Paula
Published: November 2022

Objective To analyze the effectiveness of myofunctional therapy (MT) in the treatment of habitual snoring in obese patients.

Material and Methods This randomized clinical trial consisted of an experimental group (n=14) that underwent MT and a control group (n=26) that performed nonspecific exercises for the treatment of snoring. The Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), and short-form health survey (SF-36) were applied before and after treatment. Snoring was assessed subjectively by asking the partner about improvement after treatment. The SnoreLab app was used for objective assessment.

Results There was no significant effect of MT on any of the SnoreLab variables analyzed when groups, time points or covariates (adherence, age, body mass index [BMI], neck circumference, and sex) were compared. Neck circumference (cm) and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index score were significantly higher after treatment. There was no change in the Epworth sleepiness scale score after treatment. A correlation was found between BMI and the Pittsburgh sleep quality index and between BMI and the functional capacity component of the SF-36. Patient adherence was similar between groups.

Discussion Apps for recording snoring are a useful tool to be explored. MT exerted no significant effect on habitual snoring in obese patients despite the reduction of the snore score in the experimental group. Therapy applied without exclusion criteria based on the severity of sleep breathing disorders and pharyngeal characteristics fails to achieve the results necessary to treat habitual snoring in obese patients.
Populismo empresarial: la nueva frontera del discurso gerencial
Authors: Alonso Luis Enrique , Fernández Rodríguez Carlos Jesús
Published: November 2022

En los últimos años, se ha popularizado de forma muy notable el término populismo. Entre sus variantes, destaca una muy particular como es la del denominado populismo empresarial, en la que destacados hombres de negocios han dado el salto a la política con un programa de regeneración de la vida económica y social, y donde el caso de Donald Trump ha sido, quizá, el más destacado. En este artículo nuestro objetivo es el de analizar este fenómeno, poniendo el foco en varias cuestiones: la relevancia de la emergencia de un cierto tipo de liderazgo carismático en la ideología empresarial o del management que precede en buena medida a la consolidación de estas figuras en la escena política, las implicaciones de estas ideologías en la esfera política y social y la importancia de las formas de uso discursivo del concepto de pueblo en estos discursos tan populares.
Nye fund af runer i Ribe
Authors: Imer Lisbeth M. , Sindbæk Søren M.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the excavated finds of runic inscriptions in Ribe, during the campaigns in 2017–18. The fragment of a supposed bone plate is carved with runes on one side, whereas a fragmented antler comb is carved with runes on both sides. The bone plate dates to the mid- or late nineth century, whereas the comb has a slightly earlier date to the first half of the nineth century. Suggestions for readings and interpretations of the inscriptions are put forward as well as discussions of the linguistic stage of the texts. Of special interest is the word kąbaʀ, Old Danish kambr, which includes either an epenthetic vowel or a preserved stem vowel. On the basis of linguistic analyses and contemporary Danish finds, it is argued that the inscription contains an epenthetic vowel. Finally, the inscriptions are discussed in relation to the distribution of runic inscriptions in early town environments.
Dansk betydningsinventar i et datalingvistisk perspektiv
Authors: Pedersen Bolette Sandford , Nimb Sanni , Olsen Sussi
Published: November 2022

In this paper we investigate the Danish sense inventory from a paradigmatic and a syntagmatic perspective, respectively, and we present a collection of related lexical semantic resources that we have developed in collaboration between The Society for Danish Language and Literature and The University of Copenhagen. The resources comprise a Danish wordnet (DanNet), The Danish FrameNet Lexicon, and The Danish Sentiment Lexicon. All three resources are designed to enable semantic processing to be used in digital humanities research as well as more broadly in language-centric technology development. Finally, in order to illustrate the use of the resources when processing running text, we provide some annotation examples of each resource.
Når åndens herredømme over kødet mister sin magt
Authors: Wennerscheid Sophie
Published: November 2022

Ausgehend von dem im frühen 19. Jahrhundert virulenten Diskurs über Geist und Körper untersucht der Artikel, wie Kierkegaard sich mit der sich langsam verändernden Auffassung von Weiblichkeit auseinandersetzt. Besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei dem »Tagebuch des Verführers« zu. Statt diesen Text so zu lesen, dass es hier zu einer Abwertung von körperlich definierter Weiblichkeit kommt, wird argumentiert, dass es gerade diese Weiblichkeit ist, die dem Verführer Johannes zu einer Bedrohung wird. Je mehr Johannes versucht, die Grenze zwischen seiner geistig reflektierten Männlichkeit und der als formbar behaupteten Weiblichkeit der zu verführenden Cordelia aufrechtzuerhalten, desto mehr löst sich diese Grenze auf. Indem die geschlechtlich ambivalente Metaphorik des Tagebuchs herausgearbeitet wird, kann gezeigt werden, wie Kierkegaard Körperlichkeit als etwas verhandelt, das sich der Kontrolle des Geistes entzieht.
Docência no Ensino Superior
Authors: Masetto Marcos Tarciso
Published: November 2022

A sociedade tem passado por rápidas e constantes mudanças que desafiam os sujeitos que a compõem de modo geral e, em especial aqueles formados no ensino superior. Isto impacta de forma direta a formação oferecida a esses alunos no ensino superior. Em decorrência disso, tem-se exigido uma nova postura, profissionalidade e respostas dos docentes do magistério superior. Tal fato traz a reboque a questão sobre como os docentes do ensino superior podem fazer a diferença para a formação pessoal, profissional e social dos alunos universitários. Para tanto, este artigo objetiva documentar e socializar com docentes universitários, a trajetória percorrida por um professor do ensino superior na busca de se tornar um professor significativo para seus alunos e, desta forma, fazer a diferença em suas vidas. Emprega-se, com esse intuito, a metodologia baseada em História de Vida alicerçada em Josso (2007). Recorre-se, entre outros, a Masetto (1992, 2003, 2010, 2015, 2018) Carl Rogers (1972) Sacristán e Pérez Gómes (1996), Sacristán (2000) e Perrenoud (2002) para recompor essa trajetória. Trata-se de uma (re)constituição temporal de uma experiência de docência no ensino superior que foi vivenciada durante quarenta anos e recompõe as vivências, pesquisas e conhecimentos produzidos para a construção de um professor significativo. Apresenta como resultado tais imagens do passado e presente instrumentalizando-as para projetar o futuro.
Jovens em formação profissional
Authors: Ramos Margareth Braz , Maria de Oliveira Sordillo Claudia , Maria Querido de Oliveira Chamon Edna
Published: November 2022

Este artigo discorre sobre as representações sociais de projeto de vida elaboradas por jovens em formação profissional. A experiência com os jovens tem mostrado que, no contexto atual, estão presentes hesitações, preocupações no porvir, incertezas quanto às escolhas profissionais e ausência de rumo.  O objetivo é apresentar os resultados gerados por meio da pesquisa realizada com 90 jovens entre 18 e 24 anos, oriundos de escolas públicas, que participam de um programa de capacitação e inserção profissional. A participação foi voluntária e por adesão. Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se como instrumento um questionário do Google Forms com 12 perguntas fechadas e 3 perguntas abertas.  Temas como trajetória de vida; inserção profissional e aspectos que impactaram os projetos de vida no contexto pandêmico foram tratados nesta pesquisa e serão analisados à luz da Teoria das Representações Sociais (TRS).  Nos resultados apresentados, constata-se que o projeto de vida pode dar um direcionamento para a jornada da vida, e que é preciso planejar, atingir metas e ter um objetivo para ir adiante.  No que se refere ao contexto pandêmico, houve uma adaptação da realidade, ao mesmo tempo em que houve um atraso no processo de aprendizagem. Os resultados revelaram a visão dos jovens em relação ao que pensam sobre os seus projetos de vida, a influência da família, amigos, escola, professores, o significado dessas relações em seu percurso profissional. 

Palavras-chave: Jovem. Formação Profissional. Projeto de Vida.
Educação profissional e tecnológica
Authors: Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni , Montero-Pedrera Ana María , Castaman Ana Sara , Modrzejewski Zucolotto Andréia
Published: November 2022

Não se aplica.
Educação profissional contemporânea no Brasil e na Espanha
Authors: Ferreira Liliana Soares , Montero Pedrera Ana María , Castaman Ana Sara
Published: November 2022

A questão que deu origem ao estudo ora sistematizado é se a Educação Profissional, vista a partir dos textos e contextos das políticas educacionais, se aproxima ou se distancia das relações intrínsecas entre trabalho e educação na dinâmica de como são ofertadas na Espanha e no Brasil. Objetivou-se compreender, por meio da proposta de Educação Profissional, como se configura uma relação entre trabalho e educação nesses dois contextos históricos, sociais e geográficos na sociedade capitalista, sem desconsiderar que existem relações que impactam a educação escolar. Como procedimentos, realizou-se pesquisa bibliográfica e documental em políticas públicas, análise dos dados e sistematização da análise, realizada pelas autoras, em processo dialógico, tendo por suposto os princípios da Educação Comparada como aporte teórico e metodológico. Constatou-se que a Educação Profissional tem sido uma das principais modalidades para aproximar os estudantes da realidade, acessar o mundo do trabalho e propiciar educação aos profissionais nesses países, apesar de não ser uma garantia de emprego.
Trabalho e educação
Authors: Borges Kamylla
Published: November 2022

O objetivo dessa pesquisa é compreender a concepção de educação e trabalho dos alunos dos cursos técnicos integrados do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Goiás (IFG), Campus Anápolis, e empreender uma análise a respeito da concepção de trabalho e educação contida nas políticas educacionais voltadas para a Educação Profissional e Tecnológica (EPT) desde a LDB/1971 até a Reforma do Ensino Médio de 2017 (Lei 13415/2017), levando-se em consideração como a teoria do capital humano influencia as formas de percepção da educação e do trabalho nas políticas educacionais para a EPT. Conhecer essas concepções irá contribuir para o estudo e implementação de ações voltadas para fortalecer um conceito de EPT que vá além da preparação pura e simples para o mercado de trabalho, como requer o ideário neoliberal. Trata-se de um estudo de natureza qualitativa, do tipo exploratório, descritivo e analítico, desenvolvida em duas fases: fase 1, revisão bibliográfica e análise documental, e fase 2, pesquisa de campo. De forma geral, percebe-se que as políticas voltadas para a EPT no Brasil se adequam aos imperativos da Teoria do Capital Humano, tendo como base uma concepção de educação e trabalho limitada que se refere apenas ao atendimento dos ditames do mercado capitalista. Os alunos participantes da pesquisa têm dificuldades em compreender a EPT e o trabalho em uma perspectiva mais crítica. O que não acontece com a educação; esta é vista como fundamental para emancipação, desenvolvimento da autonomia e da crítica.
Médicos do Sertão: ciência, saúde e doenças em Goiás 1947-1960
Authors: Vieira Tamara Rangel
Published: November 2022

O processo de institucionalização da medicina goiana no período de 1947 a 1960 é o tema central do livro, que integra a coleção História e Saúde da Editora Fiocruz. Fruto da tese de doutorado da autora no Programa de Pós-Graduação em História das Ciências e da Saúde da Casa de Oswaldo Cruz, o título evidencia como um conjunto de jovens médicos construiu em Goiás - estado então distante dos mais conceituados centros médicos e científicos do Brasil do século XX - uma comunidade médica de pesquisa e ensino capaz de dialogar com seus pares, nacional e internacionalmente. Um dos resultados desse processo foi, como mostra a pesquisadora, o surgimento de diversas instituições e organizações médicas. Tamara Rangel Vieira aborda ainda a questão das desigualdades regionais e mostra como a atuação dos profissionais de saúde nas endemias típicas do Brasil Central influenciaram diretamente o processo de institucionalização da medicina goiana.
O CO TYLE DYMU? KONTROWERSJE WOKÓŁ SMOGU W POLSCE
Authors: Grudowska Joanna
Published: November 2022

W artykule zadano pytanie, jakie problemy społeczne generuje społeczno-technologiczna hybrydalność smogu oraz jakie charakterystyki (przyczyny i przedmiot) mają kontrowersje wokół smogu w perspektywie aktorów publicznych i biznesowych. Kluczowa nie okazuje się problematyczność smogu jako takiego, ale ta, którą generuje angażowana materialność - technologia oraz interesy aktorów i ich funkcjonowanie w ramach różnych systemów wiedzy. Generowanie, udostępnianie i jakość danych na temat czystości powietrza oraz wykorzystywane technologie pomiarowe są przedmiotami kontrowersji społecznych wokół smogu. Analizowane kontrowersje dotyczą następujących obszarów: wiarygodności dostarczanych danych, jakości i obecności infrastruktury pomiarowej, pozycji na rynku informacji o zanieczyszczeniach powietrza oraz różnic w ontologiach i kompetencjach na linii laicy–eksperci. Badanie własne przeprowadzono metodą mapowania kontrowersji na podstawie danych zastanych.
New insights into anatomical connectivity along the anterior–posterior axis of the human hippocampus using in vivo quantitative fibre tracking
Authors: Dalton Marshall A , D'Souza Arkiev , Lv Jinglei , Calamante Fernando
Published: November 2022

The hippocampus supports multiple cognitive functions including episodic memory. Recent work has highlighted functional differences along the anterior–posterior axis of the human hippocampus, but the neuroanatomical underpinnings of these differences remain unclear. We leveraged track-density imaging to systematically examine anatomical connectivity between the cortical mantle and the anterior–posterior axis of the in vivo human hippocampus. We first identified the most highly connected cortical areas and detailed the degree to which they preferentially connect along the anterior–posterior axis of the hippocampus. Then, using a tractography pipeline specifically tailored to measure the location and density of streamline endpoints within the hippocampus, we characterised where these cortical areas preferentially connect within the hippocampus. Our results provide new and detailed insights into how specific regions along the anterior–posterior axis of the hippocampus are associated with different cortical inputs/outputs and provide evidence that both gradients and circumscribed areas of dense extrinsic anatomical connectivity exist within the human hippocampus. These findings inform conceptual debates in the field and emphasise the importance of considering the hippocampus as a heterogeneous structure. Overall, our results represent a major advance in our ability to map the anatomical connectivity of the human hippocampus in vivo and inform our understanding of the neural architecture of hippocampal-dependent memory systems in the human brain.
An essential periplasmic protein coordinates lipid trafficking and is required for asymmetric polar growth in mycobacteria
Authors: Gupta Kuldeepkumar R , Gwin Celena M , Rahlwes Kathryn C , Biegas Kyle J , Wang Chunyan , Park Jin Ho , Liu Jun , Swarts Benjamin M , Morita Yasu S , Rego E Hesper
Published: November 2022

Mycobacteria, including the human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis, grow by inserting new cell wall material at their poles. This process and that of division are asymmetric, producing a phenotypically heterogeneous population of cells that respond non-uniformly to stress (Aldridge et al., 2012; Rego et al., 2017). Surprisingly, deletion of a single gene – lamA – leads to more symmetry, and to a population of cells that is more uniformly killed by antibiotics (Rego et al., 2017). How does LamA create asymmetry? Here, using a combination of quantitative time-lapse imaging, bacterial genetics, and lipid profiling, we find that LamA recruits essential proteins involved in cell wall synthesis to one side of the cell – the old pole. One of these proteins, MSMEG_0317, here renamed PgfA, was of unknown function. We show that PgfA is a periplasmic protein that interacts with MmpL3, an essential transporter that flips mycolic acids in the form of trehalose monomycolate (TMM), across the plasma membrane. PgfA interacts with a TMM analog suggesting a direct role in TMM transport. Yet our data point to a broader function as well, as cells with altered PgfA levels have differences in the abundance of other lipids and are differentially reliant on those lipids for survival. Overexpression of PgfA, but not MmpL3, restores growth at the old poles in cells missing lamA. Together, our results suggest that PgfA is a key determinant of polar growth and cell envelope composition in mycobacteria, and that the LamA-mediated recruitment of this protein to one side of the cell is a required step in the establishment of cellular asymmetry.
A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice
Authors: Abdel-Haq Reem , Schlachetzki Johannes CM , Boktor Joseph C , Cantu-Jungles Thaisa M , Thron Taren , Zhang Mengying , Bostick John W , Khazaei Tahmineh , Chilakala Sujatha , Morais Livia H , Humphrey Greg , Keshavarzian Ali , Katz Jonathan E , Thomson Matthew , Knight Rob , Gradinaru Viviana , Hamaker Bruce R , Glass Christopher K , Mazmanian Sarkis K
Published: November 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, α-synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting a strong role for environmental factors, and it has been speculated that disease may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting the brain. The gut microbiome is altered in PD and may impact motor and GI symptoms as indicated by animal studies, although mechanisms of gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels of these molecules differing between PD and healthy controls and in mouse models. Among other effects, dietary microbial metabolites can modulate activation of microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated in PD. We therefore investigated whether a fiber-rich diet influences microglial function in α-synuclein overexpressing (ASO) mice, a preclinical model with PD-like symptoms and pathology. Feeding a prebiotic high-fiber diet attenuates motor deficits and reduces α-synuclein aggregation in the substantia nigra of mice. Concomitantly, the gut microbiome of ASO mice adopts a profile correlated with health upon prebiotic treatment, which also reduces microglial activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis of microglia from the substantia nigra and striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling and reduced homeostatic responses in ASO mice compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, prebiotic feeding reverses pathogenic microglial states in ASO mice and promotes expansion of protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets of microglia. Notably, depletion of microglia using a CSF1R inhibitor eliminates the beneficial effects of prebiotics by restoring motor deficits to ASO mice despite feeding a prebiotic diet. These studies uncover a novel microglia-dependent interaction between diet and motor symptoms in mice, findings that may have implications for neuroinflammation and PD.
Integrative modeling reveals the molecular architecture of the intraflagellar transport A (IFT-A) complex
Authors: McCafferty Caitlyn L , Papoulas Ophelia , Jordan Mareike A , Hoogerbrugge Gabriel , Nichols Candice , Pigino Gaia , Taylor David W , Wallingford John B , Marcotte Edward M
Published: November 2022

Intraflagellar transport (IFT) is a conserved process of cargo transport in cilia that is essential for development and homeostasis in organisms ranging from algae to vertebrates. In humans, variants in genes encoding subunits of the cargo-adapting IFT-A and IFT-B protein complexes are a common cause of genetic diseases known as ciliopathies. While recent progress has been made in determining the atomic structure of IFT-B, little is known of the structural biology of IFT-A. Here, we combined chemical cross-linking mass spectrometry and cryo-electron tomography with AlphaFold2-based prediction of both protein structures and interaction interfaces to model the overall architecture of the monomeric six-subunit IFT-A complex, as well as its polymeric assembly within cilia. We define monomer-monomer contacts and membrane-associated regions available for association with transported cargo, and we also use this model to provide insights into the pleiotropic nature of human ciliopathy-associated genetic variants in genes encoding IFT-A subunits. Our work demonstrates the power of integration of experimental and computational strategies both for multi-protein structure determination and for understanding the etiology of human genetic disease.
Two neuronal peptides encoded from a single transcript regulate mitochondrial complex III in Drosophila
Authors: Bosch Justin A , Ugur Berrak , Pichardo-Casas Israel , Rabasco Jordan , Escobedo Felipe , Zuo Zhongyuan , Brown Ben , Celniker Susan , Sinclair David A , Bellen Hugo J , Perrimon Norbert
Published: November 2022

Naturally produced peptides (<100 amino acids) are important regulators of physiology, development, and metabolism. Recent studies have predicted that thousands of peptides may be translated from transcripts containing small open-reading frames (smORFs). Here, we describe two peptides in Drosophila encoded by conserved smORFs, Sloth1 and Sloth2. These peptides are translated from the same bicistronic transcript and share sequence similarities, suggesting that they encode paralogs. Yet, Sloth1 and Sloth2 are not functionally redundant, and loss of either peptide causes animal lethality, reduced neuronal function, impaired mitochondrial function, and neurodegeneration. We provide evidence that Sloth1/2 are highly expressed in neurons, imported to mitochondria, and regulate mitochondrial complex III assembly. These results suggest that phenotypic analysis of smORF genes in Drosophila can provide a wealth of information on the biological functions of this poorly characterized class of genes.
Genomic, biochemical and expressional properties reveal strong conservation of the CLCA2 gene in birds and mammals
Authors: Bartenschlager Florian , Klymiuk Nikolai , Gruber Achim D. , Mundhenk Lars
Published: November 2022

Recent studies have revealed the dynamic and complex evolution of CLCA1 gene homologues in and between mammals and birds with a particularly high diversity in mammals. In contrast, CLCA2 has only been found as a single copy gene in mammals, to date. Furthermore, CLCA2 has only been investigated in few mammalian species but not in birds. Here, we established core genomic, protein biochemical and expressional properties of CLCA2 in several bird species and compared them with mammalian CLCA2. Chicken, turkey, quail and ostrich CLCA2 were compared to their mammalian orthologues using in silico, biochemical and expressional analyses. CLCA2 was found highly conserved not only at the level of genomic and exon architecture but also in terms of the canonical CLCA2 protein domain organization. The putatively prototypical galline CLCA2 (gCLCA2) was cloned and immunoblotting as well as immunofluorescence analyses of heterologously expressed gCLCA2 revealed protein cleavage, glycosylation patterns and anchoring in the plasma membrane similar to those of most mammalian CLCA2 orthologues. Immunohistochemistry found highly conserved CLCA2 expression in epidermal keratinocytes in all birds and mammals investigated. Our results suggest a highly conserved and likely evolutionarily indispensable role of CLCA2 in keratinocyte function. Its high degree of conservation on the genomic, biochemical and expressional levels stands in contrast to the dynamic structural complexities and proposed functional diversifications between mammalian and avian CLCA1 homologues, insinuating a significant degree of negative selection of CLCA2 orthologues among birds and mammals. Finally, and again in contrast to CLCA1, the high conservation of CLCA2 makes it a strong candidate for studying basic properties of the functionally still widely unresolved CLCA gene family.
Regularizing priors for Bayesian VAR applications to large ecological datasets
Authors: Ward Eric J. , Marshall Kristin , Scheuerell Mark D.
Published: November 2022

Using multi-species time series data has long been of interest for estimating inter-specific interactions with vector autoregressive models (VAR) and state space VAR models (VARSS); these methods are also described in the ecological literature as multivariate autoregressive models (MAR, MARSS). To date, most studies have used these approaches on relatively small food webs where the total number of interactions to be estimated is relatively small. However, as the number of species or functional groups increases, the length of the time series must also increase to provide enough degrees of freedom with which to estimate the pairwise interactions. To address this issue, we use Bayesian methods to explore the potential benefits of using regularized priors, such as Laplace and regularized horseshoe, on estimating interspecific interactions with VAR and VARSS models. We first perform a large-scale simulation study, examining the performance of alternative priors across various levels of observation error. Results from these simulations show that for sparse matrices, the regularized horseshoe prior minimizes the bias and variance across all inter-specific interactions. We then apply the Bayesian VAR model with regularized priors to a output from a large marine food web model (37 species) from the west coast of the USA. Results from this analysis indicate that regularization improves predictive performance of the VAR model, while still identifying important inter-specific interactions.
Comparative transcriptome sequencing analysis of female and male Decapterus macrosoma
Authors: Cai Zizi , Liu Shigang , Wang Wei , Wang Rui , Miao Xing , Song Puqing , Shan Binbin , Wang Liangming , Li Yuan , Lin Longshan
Published: November 2022

Sexual growth dimorphism is a common phenomenon in teleost fish and has led to many reproductive strategies. Growth- and sex-related gene research in teleost fish would broaden our understanding of the process. In this study, transcriptome sequencing of shortfin scad Decapterus macrosoma was performed for the first time, and a high-quality reference transcriptome was constructed. After identification and assembly, a total of 58,475 nonredundant unigenes were obtained with an N50 length of 2,266 bp, and 28,174 unigenes were successfully annotated with multiple public databases. BUSCO analysis determined a level of 92.9% completeness for the assembled transcriptome. Gene expression analysis revealed 2,345 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the female and male D. macrosoma, 1,150 of which were female-biased DEGs, and 1,195 unigenes were male-biased DEGs. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses showed that the DEGs were mainly involved in biological processes including protein synthesis, growth, rhythmic processes, immune defense, and vitellogenesis. Then, we identified many growth- and sex-related genes, including Igf, Fabps, EF-hand family genes, Zp3, Zp4 and Vg. In addition, a total of 19,573 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were screened and identified from the transcriptome sequences. The results of this study can provide valuable information on growth- and sex-related genes and facilitate further exploration of the molecular mechanism of sexual growth dimorphism.