bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O Papel Da Educação Física Na Reabilitação Cardiovascular: Intervenções E Benefícios Para Pacientes Com Doenças Cardíacas
Authors: Taborda Douglas Dos Santos , Tonello Laís , Miranda Eduardo Fernandes De , Araújo Silas Gabriel Mota De , Olivoto Robson Ruiz , Almeida Fabrício Duarte De
Published: November 2024

A reabilitação cardiovascular é um componente essencial no tratamento e na recuperação de pacientes com doenças cardíacas, e a educação física tem um papel fundamental nesse processo. Este artigo analisa o impacto da educação física na reabilitação cardiovascular, explorando as intervenções e benefícios para pacientes com condições cardíacas, incluindo infarto do miocárdio, insuficiência cardíaca e hipertensão. A prática supervisionada de exercícios físicos tem demonstrado eficácia na melhoria da capacidade funcional, na redução de fatores de risco e na promoção do bem-estar psicológico dos pacientes. Os programas de reabilitação cardiovascular incluem exercícios aeróbicos, treinamento de resistência e atividades de fortalecimento muscular, adaptados às condições específicas de cada paciente. Esses programas são prolongados por profissionais de educação física capacitados, que monitoram a intensidade e a progressão das atividades, garantindo segurança e eficácia. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar, a partir de uma revisão de literatura e análise de casos clínicos, como a inclusão de atividades físicas direcionadas promove a melhoria da qualidade de vida e a redução dos riscos de complicações cardiovasculares. Foram utilizados métodos quantitativos e qualitativos para avaliar as melhorias na capacidade funcional, nos níveis de colesterol, pressão arterial e no controle da glicemia em pacientes submetidos a programas de reabilitação. Os resultados indicam que a educação física tem um papel crucial na promoção da saúde cardiovascular, contribuindo para a redução da mortalidade e da reincidência de eventos cardíacos. O artigo também discute os desafios enfrentados pelos profissionais de educação física na implementação de programas personalizados para cada paciente e a importância da adesão dos pacientes ao tratamento. Conclui-se que a inclusão da educação física na reabilitação cardiovascular é uma estratégia eficaz para o tratamento e prevenção de doenças cardíacas, reforçando a importância de políticas de saúde pública que integram esses programas como parte fundamental dos cuidados cardíacos. O impacto positivo na qualidade de vida e na redução dos custos com tratamentos hospitalares reforçam a necessidade de ampliação e incentivo de programas de reabilitação cardiovascular com a presença de profissionais treinados.
Corporate Education And ESG Practices: People Management Strategies To Strengthen Citizenship And Sustainability Within Organizations
Authors: Alencar Adna Rodrigues De , Andrade Ane Caroline De Oliveira Cunha , Almeida Antonio Werbiton Marinho , Santos Maria Sorahya Dos , Costa Maria José Da , Gomes Rickardo Léo Ramos
Published: November 2024

Background: The growing demand for sustainable and socially responsible practices has encouraged companies to integrate ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) principles into their operations. In this context, corporate education has emerged as a vital tool for promoting corporate citizenship and solidifying sustainability efforts. This article examines the relationships between corporate education, people management, and ESG practices, highlighting their implications for building a more conscientious corporate culture. Materials and Methods: This research employed a qualitative approach aimed at understanding how corporate education and ESG practices can contribute to strengthening citizenship and sustainability within organizations. A bibliographic analysis was conducted, reviewing a wide range of national and international scientific sources covering corporate education, ESG, and their implications for people management. Results: The main objective was to analyze how corporate education and people management practices, guided by ESG principles, can reinforce organizational citizenship and promote sustainability within companies. The analysis in this article offers significant theoretical and practical contributions to the field of corporate sustainability by demonstrating the positive impact of integrating ESG principles into corporate education and people management policies. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of embedding ESG principles in corporate education and people management strategies as a means to foster a sustainable and socially responsible corporate culture. These findings provide valuable insights for companies aiming to strengthen their organizational citizenship and support long-term sustainability goals.
The Projection Of The State Of Ceará On The International Stage Through FIEC In The Production And Exportation Of Green Hydrogen And Its Impact On Socioeconomic Development In Ceará
Authors: Barbosa Márcio Carneiro , Gomes Rickardo Léo Ramos
Published: November 2024

Background: The beginning of the 21st century presents the international community with a tumultuous global environment characterized by instability and uncertainty. Global warming and the decarbonization of the economy are among the challenges that many countries have prioritized by increasing renewable energy sources in their energy matrices. Strengthening international relations, Ceará, due to its geographical location and favorable natural conditions of sun and wind, emerges as a promising player to contribute to global energy demands through hydrogen production and exportation. Materials and Methods: This research focuses on examining the initiatives led by the Federation of Industries of the State of Ceará (FIEC) in the production and exportation of green hydrogen, aiming to understand their potential impact on the state’s position in the international arena and the associated benefits. Results: The research evaluates the socioeconomic effects of these initiatives on Ceará, revealing that the ongoing actions have the potential to strengthen the state’s economic and social structures. These improvements could contribute to a more equitable, sustainable, and inclusive society. Conclusion: The initiatives related to green hydrogen production and exportation under FIEC's leadership promise not only to support national energy security but also to elevate the quality of life for the people of Ceará, enhance the educational system, and secure the state’s role in the global energy transition
Inteligência Artificial Na Formação De Educadores: Integração De Teoria E Prática Para O Ensino Do Futuro
Authors: Soares Lidiane Sacramento , Carvalho Nilton Pinheiro De , Júnior Paulo Cesar Lavrador , Rueger Brena Martinez Canário , Júnior Ary Sergio Coutinho Barbosa , Silva Erasmo José Silvestre Da
Published: November 2024

A utilização da Inteligência Artificial (IA) na formação de educadores vem se consolidando como uma ferramenta essencial para a modernização e a eficácia dos processos educacionais. A integração da IA na educação permite uma personalização do ensino, que beneficia tanto os alunos quanto os próprios educadores, promovendo um aprendizado adaptativo e alinhado às demandas de um mundo cada vez mais digital (SILVA, 2022). Este artigo explora como a IA pode ser integrado na formação de professores, promovendo um equilíbrio entre teoria e prática que prepara os educadores para os desafios do ensino contemporâneo (RODRIGUES e MARTINS, 2021). Com uma metodologia mista, o estudo revisa literatura relevante sobre IA e educação, além de analisar entrevistas com educadores e especialistas na área, a fim de identificar os principais benefícios e desafios da aplicação da IA no campo educacional (GOMES e SOUZA, 2020). A revisão sistemática de literatura abrange pesquisas publicadas entre 2015 e 2023, que destaca o papel da IA na personalização do ensino, no desenvolvimento de competências digitais e na capacidade de análise de dados educacionais, proporcionando uma base sólida para práticas de ensino inovadoras (ALVES et al., 2021). Os resultados encontrados apontam que a IA auxilia na personalização do ensino e no desenvolvimento de habilidades digitais essenciais, formando os professores para atuarem em ambientes educacionais digitais. Por meio de plataformas inteligentes, os futuros educadores podem aprimorar suas habilidades em tempo real, adaptando-se a diversos perfis de alunos e utilizando dados para melhorar a eficácia das práticas pedagógicas (PEREIRA e LIMA, 2019). Além disso, o estudo revela que, apesar das inúmeras vantagens, a implementação da IA enfrenta desafios, como a resistência dos educadores em adotar novas tecnologias e a necessidade de investimentos em infraestrutura (SANTOS e RIBEIRO, 2021). Os dados das entrevistas qualitativas reforçam a ideia de que a IA não é apenas uma ferramenta de suporte, mas um elemento essencial para a formação docente do futuro. Os educadores falaram dizendo uma maior capacidade de adaptação às demandas tecnológicas e a possibilidade de realizar práticas pedagógicas personalizadas, elevando o potencial de aprendizagem (LOPES e FERREIRA, 2022). Conclui-se que a IA oferece uma oportunidade significativa de transformação na formação de educadores, mas sua implementação requer um planejamento cuidadoso, com suporte institucional e programas de capacitação específicos
Meio Ambiente E Sustentabilidade: A Associação Entre Ações Antrópicas E As Mudanças Climáticas
Authors: Coelho Rodrigo Dos Santos , Lima Diego Rodrigues , Ferreira Anister Furtado , Brito Rita De Cassia Monteiro , Schafer Alexandro Gularte
Published: November 2024

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a associação entre ações antrópicas, como emissões de gases de efeito estufa, desmatamento e atividades industriais, e as mudanças climáticas, buscando compreender a extensão dos impactos humanos sobre o aquecimento global. Para isso, foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica com levantamento de artigos nas plataformas SciELO, Google Acadêmico e Web of Science, utilizando palavras-chave específicas e operadores booleanos AND e OR. Os resultados indicaram uma relação direta e entre atividades humanas e a intensificação de fenômenos climáticos adversos, como elevação das temperaturas globais, alterações nos padrões de precipitação e aumento na frequência de eventos climáticos extremos. A revisão evidenciou que o avanço desordenado de práticas antrópicas tem acelerado a degradação ambiental e os riscos associados às mudanças climáticas. Conclui-se que a implementação de políticas públicas eficazes, aliada a práticas de conscientização e adoção de tecnologias sustentáveis, é indispensável para a mitigação dos impactos ambientais e a promoção de um desenvolvimento mais sustentável.
Fatores Psicológicos E Sociais Que Influenciam O Comportamento Do Consumidor
Authors: Tibola Luiz Ariel De Oliveira , Höfler Claudio Edilberto , Castro Simone Da Silva , Traverso Luciana Davi
Published: November 2024

Compreender o comportamento de consumo humano é essencial tanto do ponto de vista mercadológico quanto social. O consumo envolve fatores ambientais, culturais, psicológicos e sociais que moldam as decisões de compra dos indivíduos. Este estudo teve como objetivo investigar esses fatores, buscando identificar as principais influências no comportamento de compra dos consumidores.A pesquisa foi caracterizada como exploratória e descritiva, de natureza aplicada, utilizando o procedimento de survey. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um formulário online, contendo 30 perguntas, aplicado a uma amostra de 110 indivíduos entre 06 de julho e 10 de outubro de 2022. As perguntas abordavam diversos fatores que influenciam o comportamento de compra, como preço, valores sociais, aspectos psicológicos e culturais.Os resultados revelaram que o fator de maior influência na decisão de compra dos participantes foi a relação custobenefício. Além disso, uma parcela significativa dos respondentes afirmou que produtos de luxo são adquiridos principalmente para ostentar status social. A pesquisa também indicou cenários promissores para a aplicação de ferramentas de neuromarketing. No entanto, um aspecto intrigante dos dados foi a dissonância entre o discurso dos participantes e suas ações: embora muitos alegassem considerar questões ambientais e humanitárias, a maioria não alterou seu comportamento de compra após ser exposta a informações sobre condutas antiéticas de empresas das quais consomem.O estudo destacou a importância da relação custobenefício nas decisões de compra e sugeriu que a percepção de produtos de luxo está fortemente associada à ostentação de status social. Além disso, a pesquisa apontou para a relevância de estratégias de neuromarketing, dado o comportamento inconsistente dos consumidores frente a questões éticas. Isso sugere que, mesmo em um contexto de maior conscientização social, muitos consumidores continuam priorizando outros fatores em suas escolhas de compra.
The Impact Of Organizational Culture On EProcurement Implementation In Public Sector Organizations In Ghana
Authors: Abunyewa Yaw Brenya , Kissi Ernest , Baiden Bernard Kofi , Adesi Michael
Published: November 2024

Purpose – This study aims to assess the impact of organizational culture on e-procurement implementation in public sector organizations in Ghana Design/Methodology/approach- Employing an explanatory design, this study used an in-depth interview guide and case study analysis. Three organizations implementing e-procurement were selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected through structured interviews with six respondents from each organization, which focused on the impact of organizational culture on e-procurement implementation. Findings- The data was analyzed thematically on Performance Expectancy, Effort Expectancy, Social Influence and Facilitating Conditions. Cultures promoting innovation, inclusivity and excellence boost performance expectations. Emphasizing adaptability, customer-centricity and efficiency eases system use. Inclusivity, open communication and collaborative decision-making improve social acceptance while facilitating conditions like empowerment and accountability ensures long-term sustainability. These traits were evident in Organizations A, B, and E, which aligned with organizational values with e-procurement system requirements. Social implication – The findings from the study could help policy makers know the dominant organizational culture in the public sector and how the public organizations can foster collaboration and excellence through adaptability, user-centric design and comprehensive training, reducing perceived effort in e-procurement systems. Originality/Value – This study is one of the limited empirical qualitative type of research aimed at providing a comprehensive understanding of the impact of organizational culture on the implementation of e-procurement within public organizations in Ghana. The findings give insights to policymakers regarding the relationship between organizational culture and the implementation of e-procurement in the public sector
Evaluating Globalization In India: A Comparative Study Of Economic Impacts Before And After 'Make In India'
Authors: Sharma Dhruvi
Published: November 2024

This research paper presents a comparative analysis of globalization before and after the launch of the "Make in India" initiative. In our interconnected world, globalization has become a significant force shaping economies, cultures, and communities, particularly in the context of India (Srinivasan). This study examines the various dimensions of globalization and its multifaceted impacts on human life. While globalization presents opportunities such as enhanced trade and technological advancement, it also poses challenges, including cultural homogenization and economic disparities (Rodrik). A thorough analysis of its political, social, cultural, and economic dimensions enables a deeper understanding of its effects on India and beyond. The paper employs secondary data to conduct a comparative analysis of globalization's impact before and after the "Make in India" initiative. The introduction contextualizes this research issue, underscoring its significance in today’s globalized environment. Our conceptual framework is informed by contemporary theories and existing literature, ensuring a solid foundation for our analysis (Nayyar). Through a carefully structured data collection approach and a clearly defined methodology, we have prioritized the reliability and validity of our empirical findings. Our investigation reveals the considerable influence of the "Make in India" movement on various aspects of globalization. Although the study faces limitations, including reliance on secondary data and potential biases in source material, it makes a significant contribution to the discourse on globalization, especially in the Indian context (Kumar). The findings give critical insights into the dynamics of globalization and evaluate the effectiveness of policy initiatives like "Make in India" in fostering economic growth and development
Financial Services Accessibility And Financial Performance Of Small And Medium Enterprises In Kiambu County, Kenya
Authors: Kararu Joyce Nyakanini , Njoka Dr. Charity
Published: November 2024

Despite their positive contribution, the operation of Small and Medium Enterprises has been confronted by various challenges such as loan repayment default, inadequate capital as well as the persistent regulations which negatively affects their performance leading to high failure rate of one for every five startups within three years. The SMEs in Kiambu County have similar challenges though operating in a densely populated County. Consequently, their performance is negatively affected. The study purposed to examine the influence of financial accessibility on success of SMEs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The research specifically identified the effect of access to credit, access to insurance and explore the influence of entrepreneurial training on financial performance of SMEs in Kiambu County, Kenya. The research was underpinned on Credit Access Theory, Asymmetric Information Theory and Bank Lending Channel Theory. Using a causal research design, this research study targeted a population of 2750 registered SMEs in Kiambu County. Stratified random sampling approach was employed where 10% (275) respondents participated in the study. Both descriptive analysis and multiple regression analysis were adopted in data analysis. Charts and tables were utilized to present research results. The study findings indicate that access to credit has a positive and significant effect on SMEs financial performance with a p- value 0.025 < 0.05. On access to business insurance, the study found that in case of damages, SMES that have insurance will have improved performance. This is shown by a p- value 0.000. < 0.05. Entrepreneurial training has a positive and significant effect on SMES performance in Kiambu County. The study nevertheless recommends for enhanced entrepreneurial training, insurance and more credit to improve performance
Offshore Wind Market in India and Global: A Systematic Review of the Current State, Risks, Mitigation Strategies, and Potential Opportunities
Authors: Anangapal Hari Bhaskaran , Victor Kirubakaran
Published: November 2024

Offshore wind energy projects are significant due to their ability to develop at sea, are far from terrestrial interference, and have the potential to meet the renewable energy needs of a country. These projects are increasingly considered in India, albeit with varying rates of deployment and operational approaches. However, they face numerous challenges and require adoption strategies that range from technological innovations to financial constraints. These issues require comprehensive risk management and assessment, which this study addresses. The objective of this study is to conduct a critical evaluation of the offshore wind energy market in India in the context of the global ecosystem, focusing on the current status, associated risks, and mitigation strategies that facilitate the achievement of the renewable energy utilization targets. A systematic literature review (SLR) was conducted, resulting in 63 selected references. This study highlights the increasing adoption of offshore wind energy in India and worldwide, identifying three primary challenges: operational, financial, and technological. Various strategies, ranging from optimization to strategic capital allocation, are discussed, along with their potential implications for offshore wind energy projects and facilities in India
High Embedding and Security Techniques for Video Coding By Data Hiding In Motion Vectors
Authors: Sridhar Mr. Kavati , Nagajyothi Mrs.
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with high embedding capacity and quality video. Data hiding in the compression video through motion vectors, i.e embedding data in CMV s in intra frame, with best matching macro block-based search. In this paper we propose new advanced embedding scheme and steganography, data extracted directly. By the intra prediction modes we can embed with more efficiency. The main advantage of proposed method is data hiding video is stegno video and can’t understood by any hackers and maintains good perceptual quality of video
Power Factor Correction's Effects on Electric Networks' Performance
Authors: Alhasainan Fahad A. , Fakhouri Mohamed R.
Published: November 2024

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Effects of Al and Y Addition on Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of As‐Cast Mg–14Li Based Alloy
Authors: Gao Zhankui , Liu Wencai , Wu Guohua , Zhang Liang , Ji Hao , Ouyang Sijie , Peng Xiang , Xiao Lv , Ding Wenjiang
Published: November 2018

In this study, effects of Al and Y contents on microstructural evolutions and mechanical properties of the as‐cast Mg–14Li alloy are investigated. The results show that Mg–14Li–xAl (x = 1, 2, 3 wt%) alloys are characterized by predominantly single β–Li and MgLiAl2 phases. Slight refinement of β–Li grains is obtained with the increasing of Al content. The increased Al addition greatly improves the hardness, ultimate tensile strength, and yield strength of the Mg‐14 base alloy, accompanied by a significant reduction in ductility. Meanwhile, with addition of minor Y (0.5 wt%) addition leads to the introduction of homogeneous distribution of Al2Y particles in the Mg–14Li–3Al alloy, which plays a positive role in the strength enhancement. However, the uneven distribution of apparently coarsed Al2Y particles contributes to a significant reduction in tensile strength as the Y content is increased up to 1 wt%.
Ultramicroporous Carbons Puzzled by Graphene Quantum Dots: Integrated High Gravimetric, Volumetric, and Areal Capacitances for Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Su , Zhu Jiayao , Qing Yan , Wang Luxiang , Zhao Jing , Li Jing , Tian Wenhui , Jia Dianzeng , Fan Zhuangjun
Published: October 2018

Porous carbons integrated with high gravimetric/volumetric/areal capacitances, especially at high mass loadings (>10 mg cm−2), are important for practical applications in supercapacitors. Here, a strategy is developed for the synthesis of ultramicroporous carbons puzzled by graphene quantum dots as the building units through chemical welding and in situ activation. The resulted carbon has unique ultramicroporous structure (≈0.5 nm) with both high surface area (1730 m2 g−1) and packing density (0.97 g cm−3), providing high gravimetric and volumetric capacitances of 270 F g−1 and 262 F cm−3 at 1 A g−1, respectively. More importantly, such carbon achieves an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 5.70 F cm−2 with a high mass loading of 25 mg cm−2 at 1 A g−1, which is one of the best among the previously reported porous carbons. Furthermore, a two‐electrode supercapacitor exhibits an ultrahigh areal capacitance of 3 F cm−2 at 0.5 A g−1, rapid charge–discharge ability, and long lifespan. This work paves an avenue for developing advanced porous carbons with integrated capacitive performances for supercapacitors.
In Vivo Contactless Brain Nanothermometry
Authors: del Rosal Blanca , Ruiz Diego , Chaves‐Coira Irene , Juárez Beatriz H. , Monge Luis , Hong Guosong , Fernández Nuria , Jaque Daniel
Published: October 2018

Despite attracting increased attention from clinicians, brain temperature distribution, fluctuations, and changes in response to external stimuli are still largely unknown and refractory to conventional temperature‐probing approaches. Fluorescence nanothermometry in the second near‐infrared window (NIR‐II, 1000–1700 nm), as shown here, can provide contactless brain thermal sensing through the scalp and skull in real time with a subdegree resolution. As a proof of concept, Ag2S nanothermometers have been used to monitor brain thermoregulation in a cooling/heating process and temperature changes associated to a barbiturate coma.
A Bioprinted Cardiac Patch Composed of Cardiac‐Specific Extracellular Matrix and Progenitor Cells for Heart Repair
Authors: Bejleri Donald , Streeter Benjamin W. , Nachlas Aline L. Y. , Brown Milton E. , Gaetani Roberto , Christman Karen L. , Davis Michael E.
Published: October 2018

Congenital heart defects are present in 8 of 1000 newborns and palliative surgical therapy has increased survival. Despite improved outcomes, many children develop reduced cardiac function and heart failure requiring transplantation. Human cardiac progenitor cell (hCPC) therapy has potential to repair the pediatric myocardium through release of reparative factors, but therapy suffers from limited hCPC retention and functionality. Decellularized cardiac extracellular matrix hydrogel (cECM) improves heart function in animals, and human trials are ongoing. In the present study, a 3D‐bioprinted patch containing cECM for delivery of pediatric hCPCs is developed. Cardiac patches are printed with bioinks composed of cECM, hCPCs, and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA). GelMA‐cECM bioinks print uniformly with a homogeneous distribution of cECM and hCPCs. hCPCs maintain >75% viability and incorporation of cECM within patches results in a 30‐fold increase in cardiogenic gene expression of hCPCs compared to hCPCs grown in pure GelMA patches. Conditioned media from GelMA‐cECM patches show increased angiogenic potential (>2‐fold) over GelMA alone, as seen by improved endothelial cell tube formation. Finally, patches are retained on rat hearts and show vascularization over 14 d in vivo. This work shows the successful bioprinting and implementation of cECM‐hCPC patches for potential use in repairing damaged myocardium.
In Situ Forming Injectable Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Promotes Skin Regeneration in Full Thickness Burn Wounds
Authors: Chouhan Dimple , Lohe Tshewuzo‐u , Samudrala Pavan Kumar , Mandal Biman B.
Published: October 2018

Full‐thickness skin wounds, associated with deep burns or chronic wounds pose a major clinical problem. Herein, the development of in situ forming hydrogel using a natural silk fibroin (SF) biomaterial for treating burn wounds is reported. Blends of SF solutions isolated from Bombyx mori and Antheraea assama show inherent self‐assembly between silk proteins and lead to irreversible gelation at body temperature. Investigation of the gelation mechanism reveals crosslinking due to formation of β‐sheet structures as examined by X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The SF hydrogel supports proliferation of primary human dermal fibroblasts and migration of keratinocytes comparable to collagen gel (Col) as examined under in vitro conditions. The SF hydrogel also provides an instructive and supportive matrix to the full‐thickness third‐degree burn wounds in vivo. A 3‐week comparative study with Col indicates that SF hydrogel not only promotes wound healing but also shows transitions from inflammation to proliferation stage as observed through the expression of TNF‐α and CD163 genes. Further, deposition and remodeling of collagen type I and III fibers suggests an enhanced overall tissue regeneration. Comparable results with Col demonstrate the SF hydrogel as an effective and inexpensive formulation toward a potential therapeutic approach for burn wound treatment.
Photo‐Powered Artificial Organelles for ATP Generation and Life‐Sustainment
Authors: Zheng Di‐Wei , Xu Lu , Li Chu‐Xin , Dong Xue , Pan Pei , Zhang Qiu‐Ling , Li Bin , Zeng Xuan , Zhang Xian‐Zheng
Published: October 2018

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the most important immediate energy source for driving intracellular biochemical reactions in nearly all life forms. Controllable generation of ATP in life is still an unrealized goal. Here, thylakoid fragments are recombined with lipid molecules to synthesize a synthetic/biological hybrid proteoliposome, named highly efficient life‐support intracellular opto‐driven system (HELIOS) for the generation of ATP. With red light irradiation, HELIOS can improve the intracellular ATP concentration to 1.38–2.45 times in various cell lines. Moreover, it is noticed that HELIOS‐mediated ATP generation can comprehensively promote cell functions such as protein synthesis and insulin secretion. At organ and individual levels, it is also proved that HELIOS can rescue a mouse heart from myocardial infarction and sustain life of fasting zebrafish Danio rerio models. The photo‐powered artificial organelle can deepen our understanding of metabolism and enable the development of optical therapy that targets intracellular energy supply.
On‐Demand Control of the Photochromic Properties of Naphthopyrans
Authors: Kuroiwa Hayato , Inagaki Yuki , Mutoh Katsuya , Abe Jiro
Published: October 2018

Photofunctional compounds have emerged as critically important materials for both fundamental studies and industrial applications. Control of the thermal decoloration speed to within several seconds while sustaining satisfactory photochromic colorability is an important challenge for the application of such materials to photochromic lenses and smart windows. Photochromic naphthopyran derivatives are utilized for photochromic lenses because of their high durability and easily controllable colorability. However, the residual color imparted by the long‐lived transient species upon ceasing light irradiation remains a hindrance to practical applications. In this study, a strategy is demonstrated for on‐demand control of the thermal decoloration speed of the transient colored species of naphthopyran derivatives. The increase in the ring‐size of the alkylenedioxy moiety on the naphthopyrans accelerates the thermal back‐reaction independently of the maximum‐absorption wavelength of the colored isomer, leading to the realization of yellow‐, red‐, and blue‐photochromic naphthopyrans with similar thermal fading speeds. This novel molecular design provides a strategy for the future development of advanced photoresponsive materials.
From Benzofurans to Indoles: Palladium‐Catalyzed Reductive Ring‐Opening and Closure via β‐Phenoxide Elimination
Authors: Perego Luca A. , Wagschal Simon , Grüber Raymond , Fleurat‐Lessard Paul , El Kaïm Laurent , Grimaud Laurence
Published: October 2018

Benzofurans can undergo ring‐opening by a palladium‐catalyzed process resulting in C−O bond breaking. Benzofuran‐tethered 2‐iodoanilines give synthetically interesting 2‐(3‐indolylmethyl)phenols in an overall reductive process. Mechanistic studies suggest that this unusual reaction proceeds by carbopalladation of benzofuran giving a 3‐palladated 2,3‐dihydrobenzofuran intermediate, which then fragments by an uncommon trans‐elimination of the phenoxide group β to the metal. In this transformation, N,N‐diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) acts as a base and as a reducing agent: it regenerates palladium(0) from palladium(II), thus allowing catalytic turnover.

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Spray‐Dried Mesoporous Mixed Cu‐Ni Oxide@Graphene Nanocomposite Microspheres for High Power and Durable Li‐Ion Battery Anodes
Authors: Lefrançois Perreault Louis , Colò Francesca , Meligrana Giuseppina , Kim Kyoungsoo , Fiorilli Sonia , Bella Federico , Nair Jijeesh R. , Vitale‐Brovarone Chiara , Florek Justyna , Kleitz Freddy , Gerbaldi Claudio
Published: October 2018

Exfoliated graphene‐wrapped mesoporous Cu‐Ni oxide (CNO) nanocast composites are developed using a straightforward nanostructure engineering strategy. The synergistic effect of hierarchical mesoporous CNO nanobuilding blocks that are homogeneously wrapped by graphene nanosheets (GNSs) using a rapid spray drying technique effectively preserves the electroactive species against the volume changes resulting from the charge/discharge process. Owing to the intriguing structural/morphological features arising from the caging effect of exfoliated graphene sheets, these 3D/2D CNO@GNS nanocomposite microspheres are promising as high‐performance Li‐ion battery anode materials. They exhibit unprecedented electrochemical behavior, such as high reversible specific capacity (initial discharge capacities exceeding 1700 mAh g−1 at low 0.1 mA g−1, stable 850 and 730 mAh g−1 at 1 and 5 mA g−1 after 800 and 1300 cycles, respectively, and higher than 400 mAh g−1 at very high current density of 10 mA g−1 after more than 2000 cycles), excellent coulombic efficiency and long‐term stability (more than 3000 cycles with >55% capacity retention) at high current density that are remarkable compared to most transition metal oxides and nanocomposites prepared by conventional techniques. This simple, yet innovative, material design is inspiring to develop advanced conversion materials for Li‐ion batteries or other energy storage devices.
Acanthosis nigricans in achondroplasia
Authors: Smid Cory J. , Modaff Peggy , Alade Adekemi , Legare Janet M. , Pauli Richard M.
Published: October 2018

Acanthosis nigricans (AN) in those with achondroplasia has been reported occasionally in the literature previously. Other disorders arising from constitutive activation of FGFR3 also manifest AN at various frequencies. We assessed the prevalence of AN in a sequential series of 477 individuals with achondroplasia. Using a REDCap database, we collected and analyzed what other features or medical issues may co‐occur with AN in those with achondroplasia. AN arises in approximately 10% of individuals with achondroplasia. It usually first appears in preadolescence or adolescence, is more likely in the non‐White population and in those who are obese. It is not severe and generally will need no treatment. It is not associated with any evident risk for neither hyperinsulinemic states nor malignancy, and therefore, no special investigations are warranted when it is recognized. Thus, clinicians should not be surprised or concerned upon discovering this finding in those with achondroplasia. In addition, the mechanisms and genetic causes of AN are detailed.
What is new with 22q? An update from the 22q and You Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Authors: Campbell Ian M. , Sheppard Sarah E. , Crowley T. Blaine , McGinn Daniel E. , Bailey Alice , McGinn Michael J. , Unolt Marta , Homans Jelle F. , Chen Erin Y. , Salmons Harold I. , Gaynor J. William , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Jackson Oksana A. , Katz Lorraine E. , Mascarenhas Maria R. , Deeney Vincent F. X. , Castelein René M. , Zur Karen B. , Elden Lisa , Kallish Staci , Kolon Thomas F. , Hopkins Sarah E. , Chadehumbe Madeline A. , Lambert Michele P. , Forbes Brian J. , Moldenhauer Julie S. , Schindewolf Erica M. , Solot Cynthia B. , Moss Edward M. , Gur Raquel E. , Sullivan Kathleen E. , Emanuel Beverly S. , Zackai Elaine H. , McDonald‐McGinn Donna M.
Published: October 2018

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a disorder caused by recurrent, chromosome‐specific, low copy repeat (LCR)–mediated copy‐number losses of chromosome 22q11. The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia has been involved in the clinical care of individuals with what is now known as 22q11.2DS since our initial report of the association with DiGeorge syndrome in 1982. We reviewed the medical records on our continuously growing longitudinal cohort of 1,421 patients with molecularly confirmed 22q11.2DS from 1992 to 2018. Most individuals are Caucasian and older than 8 years. The mean age at diagnosis was 3.9 years. The majority of patients (85%) had typical LCR22A–LCR22D deletions, and only 7% of these typical deletions were inherited from a parent harboring the deletion constitutionally. However, 6% of individuals harbored other nested deletions that would not be identified by traditional 22q11.2 FISH, thus requiring an orthogonal technology to diagnose. Major medical problems included immune dysfunction or allergies (77%), palatal abnormalities (67%), congenital heart disease (64%), gastrointestinal difficulties (65%), endocrine dysfunction (>50%), scoliosis (50%), renal anomalies (16%), and airway abnormalities. Median full‐scale intelligence quotient was 76, with no significant difference between individuals with and without congenital heart disease or hypocalcemia. Characteristic dysmorphic facial features were present in most individuals, but dermatoglyphic patterns of our cohort are similar to normal controls. This is the largest longitudinal study of patients with 22q11.2DS, helping to further describe the condition and aid in diagnosis and management. Further surveillance will likely elucidate additional clinically relevant findings as they age.
Reversible Photoisomerization of Monolayers of π‐Expanded Oligothiophene Macrocycles at Solid–Liquid Interfaces
Authors: Cojal González José D. , Iyoda Masahiko , Rabe Jürgen P.
Published: October 2018

Self‐assembled monolayers of a π‐expanded oligothiophene macrocycle undergo photoisomerization between their Z,Z and E,E diastereomers at the interface between octanoic acid solutions and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). The switching process proceeds in situ at the solid–liquid interface and was followed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Upon illumination with light at 365 nm (546 nm), a monolayer of Z,Z‐8mer (E,E‐8mer) photoisomerizes to the E,E‐8mer (Z,Z‐8mer) form with changes in 2D hexagonal packing. These findings provide insight towards the design of photoresponsive surfaces with desirable optoelectronic and structural (host–guest) properties.
Ultrathin Nitrogen‐Doped Holey Carbon@Graphene Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions in Alkaline and Acidic Media
Authors: Sun Jiqing , Lowe Sean E. , Zhang Lijuan , Wang Yazhou , Pang Kanglei , Wang Yun , Zhong Yulin , Liu Porun , Zhao Kun , Tang Zhiyong , Zhao Huijun
Published: October 2018

Efficient nonprecious‐metal oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrocatalysts are key for the commercial viability of fuel cells, metal–air batteries, and water‐splitting systems. Thus, high‐performance ORR and OER electrocatalysts in acidic electrolytes are needed to support high‐efficiency proton exchange membrane (PEM)‐based systems. Herein, we report a new approach to design and prepare an ultrathin N‐doped holey carbon layer (HCL) on a graphene sheet that exhibits outstanding bifunctional ORR/OER activities in both alkaline and acidic media. The edge sites of HCL are utilized to achieve selective doping of highly active pyridinic‐N. The sandwiched graphene sheet provides mechanical support, stabilizes HCL structure and promotes charge transfer. The synergetic effect of the catalyst structure overcomes the drawbacks of holey graphene approaches. The resulting ORR and OER performances are equal to or better than the top‐ranked electrocatalysts.
Molecular cloning and functional analysis of small heat shock protein 19.1 gene from the Chinese oak silkworm, Antheraea pernyi
Authors: Zhang Jiawei , Li Qingqing , Sun Yu , Tian Jiwu , Hu Zaijin , Zhu Baojian , Liu Chaoliang
Published: November 2018

Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are a class of highly conserved proteins that are ubiquitously found in all types of organisms, from prokaryotes to eukaryotes. In the current study, we identified and characterized the full‐length cDNA encoding sHSP 19.1 from the oak silkworm,
Antheraea pernyi. Ap‐sHSP is 510 bp in length, and encodes a protein of 169 amino acid residues. The protein contains conserved domains found in insect sHSPs, and it belongs to the
α‐crystallin‐HSPs_p23‐like superfamily. Recombinant Ap‐sHSP was expressed in
Escherichia coli cells, and a rabbit anti‐Ap‐sHSP 19.1 antibody was generated to confirm the biological functions of
Ap‐sHSP 19.1 in
A. pernyi. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis revealed that
Ap‐sHSP 19.1 expression was highest in the fat body, followed by the midgut, and the lowest expression was found in the Malpighian tubule.
Ap‐sHSP 19.1 transcript expression was significantly induced following challenge with microbial pathogens. In addition, the expression of
Ap‐sHSP 19.1 was strongly induced after heat shock. These results suggest that
Ap‐sHSP 19.1 plays a crucial role in immune responses and thermal tolerance in
A. pernyi.
Principles of risk assessment for researchers and practitioners
Authors: Slobogin Christopher
Published: October 2018

Risk assessment instruments (RAIs) are generally thought to be more accurate and less susceptible to bias than the type of seat‐of‐the‐pants risk assessment in which judges and parole boards have traditionally engaged. But RAIs bring with them their own set of controversies. This article will discuss three principles – the fit principle, the validity principle, and the fairness principle – that might govern use of RAIs. After providing examples of RAIs, it elaborates on how these principles would affect sentencing, parole and pretrial detention. In the course of doing so, this article also introduces the contributions in this Special Issue of Behavioral Sciences & the Law on “Risk factors and criminal justice.”
Fine‐mapping of HLA class I and class II genes identified two independent novel variants associated with nasopharyngeal carcinoma susceptibility
Authors: Wang Tong‐Min , Zhou Ting , He Yong‐Qiao , Xue Wen‐Qiong , Zhang Jiang‐Bo , Zheng Xiao‐Hui , Li Xi‐Zhao , Zhang Shao‐Dan , Zeng Yi‐Xin , Jia Wei‐Hua
Published: October 2018

Background

Several genome‐wide association studies (GWASs) have identified strong associations between genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, given the complex LD pattern in this region, the causal variants and the underlying mechanism of how genetic variants in HLA contribute to NPC development is yet to be understood.

Methods

To systematically characterize the HLA variants and their relationship to NPC susceptibility, we fine‐mapped the HLA genes based on the GWAS data of 1583 NPC cases and 972 healthy controls, using SNP2HLA with the Pan‐Asian panel as references. Stepwise conditional regression was used to identify independent association loci.

Results

Interestingly, the most significant association was the presence of Gln in HLA‐A amino acid position 62 (OR = 0.57, P = 1.41 × 10−16). The G allele of rs2894207 located between HLA‐B and HLA‐C showed protective effect of NPC development (OR = 0.52, P = 2.23 × 10−13). Additionally, amino acid Phe‐67 located in the peptide‐binding pocket of HLA‐DRB1 was identified as a novel functional variant with OR = 0.64 and P = 9.64 × 10−11. Another novel variant, Glu‐45 in HLA‐B pocket B, conferred a protective effect on NPC susceptibility (OR = 0.64, P = 5.23 × 10−8). These four variants explained 2.07% of the phenotypic variance for NPC risk.

Conclusion

In summary, by fine‐mapping the HLA region in south Chinese population, we reported additional loci missed in the GWAS studies and provided a better understanding of the relationship between HLA and NPC susceptibility.
Relationship between pretreatment concentration of plasma Epstein‐Barr virus DNA and tumor burden in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: An updated interpretation
Authors: Peng Liang , Yang Yi , Guo Rui , Mao Yan‐Ping , Xu Cheng , Chen Yu‐Pei , Sun Ying , Ma Jun , Tang Ling‐Long
Published: October 2018

Background

Pretreatment plasma Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) DNA is an important tumor marker and prognostic factor in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between plasma EBV DNA level and tumor burden.

Materials and Methods

Pretreatment tumor burden was measured by radiologically delineated volumes, including nasopharynx tumor volume (GTVnx) and malignant nodes volume (GTVnd); pretreatment level of plasma EBV DNA was quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The relationship between natural logarithm of EBV DNA (ln‐DNA) and square root of tumor volume (sq‐GTV) was analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and partial correlation coefficient. Correlations in subgroups of tumor and nodal stages were also analyzed. A linear regression model was constructed to evaluate the contribution of tumor volumes to plasma EBV DNA. The prognostic effects of EBV DNA independent of tumor burden were evaluated.

Results

Two thousand two hundred and forty nine nonmetastatic NPC patients with detectable plasma EBV DNA were included in correlation analyses. Ln‐DNA showed significant correlation with sq‐GTVnx (r = 0.171) and sq‐GTVnd (r = 0.339) separately. Together, sq‐GTVnx and sq‐GTVnd could only explain 12.9% of the ln‐DNA. Tumor and nodal stages of disease could clearly influence the strength of relationship in subgroup analysis. After excluding confounding volume information, EBV DNA still can predict death and distant metastasis, but not locoregional relapse.

Conclusion

This study suggests that plasma EBV DNA is not only an index of tumor burden, but may also reflect other tumor features, such as accessibility to circulation, angiogenesis, tumor cell kinetics, metabolic activity, and metastatic potential, among others.
Binding and Enhanced Binding between Key Immunity Proteins TRAF6 and TIFA
Authors: Huang Wei‐Cheng , Liao Jiahn‐Haur , Hsiao Tzu‐Chun , Wei Tong‐You Wade , Maestre‐Reyna Manuel , Bessho Yoshitaka , Tsai Ming‐Daw
Published: October 2018

Human tumor necrosis factor receptor associated factor (TRAF)‐interacting protein, with a forkhead‐associated domain (TIFA), is a key regulator of NF‐κB activation. It also plays a key role in the activation of innate immunity in response to bacterial infection, through heptose 1,7‐bisphosphate (HBP); a metabolite of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). However, the mechanism of TIFA function is largely unexplored, except for the suggestion of interaction with TRAF6. Herein, we provide evidence for direct binding, albeit weak, between TIFA and the TRAF domain of TRAF6, and it is shown that the binding is enhanced for a rationally designed double mutant, TIFA S174Q/M179D. Enhanced binding was also demonstrated for endogenous full‐length TRAF6. Furthermore, the structures of the TRAF domain complexes with the consensus TRAF‐binding peptides from the C terminus of wild‐type and S174Q/M179D mutant TIFA, showing salt‐bridge formation between residues 177–181 of TIFA and the binding pocket residues of the TRAF domain, were solved. Taken together, the results provide direct evidence and a structural basis for the TIFA–TRAF6 interaction, and show how this important biological function can be modulated.