bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Latency shortening with enhanced sparseness and responsiveness in V1 during active visual sensing
Authors: Ito Junji , Joana Cristian , Yamane Yukako , Fujita Ichiro , Tamura Hiroshi , Maldonado Pedro E. , Grün Sonja
Published: April 2022

In natural vision, neuronal responses to visual stimuli occur due to self-initiated eye movements. Here, we compare single-unit activity in the primary visual cortex (V1) of non-human primates to flashed natural scenes (passive vision condition) to when they freely explore the images by self-initiated eye movements (active vision condition). Active vision enhances the number of neurons responding, and the response latencies become shorter and less variable across neurons. The increased responsiveness and shortened latency during active vision were not explained by increased visual contrast. While the neuronal activities in all layers of V1 show enhanced responsiveness and shortened latency, a significant increase in lifetime sparseness during active vision is observed only in the supragranular layer. These findings demonstrate that the neuronal responses become more distinct in active vision than passive vision, interpreted as consequences of top-down predictive mechanisms.
Study on the application of preoperative three-dimensional CT angiography of perigastric arteries in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy
Authors: Liu Peng , Wei Meng , Sun Danping , Zhong Xin , Liang Yize , Ouyang Jun , Zhang Yuan , Yu Wenbin
Published: April 2022

To investigate the clinical value and significance of preoperative three-dimensional computerized tomography angiography (CTA) in laparoscopic radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer. The clinical data were analyzed retrospectively from 214 gastric cancer patients. We grouped according to whether to perform CTA, and we compared and analyzed the difference of the data between the two groups. The perigastric arteries were classified according to CTA images of patients in the CTA group. The celiac trunk was classified according to Adachi classification: Type I (118/125, 94.4%), Type II (3/125, 2.4%), Type III (0/125, 0%), Type IV (1/125, 0.8%), Type V (2/125, 1.6%), Type VI (1/125, 0.8%). Hepatic artery classification was performed according to Hiatt classification: Type I (102/125, 81.6%), Type II (9/125, 7.2%), Type III (6/125, 4.8%), Type IV (2/125, 1.6%), Type V (3/125, 2.4%), Type VI (0, 0%), Others (3/125, 2.4%). And this study combined vascular anatomy and surgical risk to establish a new splenic artery classification model. In comparison, the operation time, first exhaust time, and estimated blood loss in the CTA group were significantly lower than those in the non-CTA group. In addition, the blood loss in the CTA group combined with ICG (Indocyanine Green) labeled fluorescence laparoscopy was significantly less than that in the group without ICG labeled. Preoperative CTA could objectively evaluate patients' vascular route and variation and then help us avoid or decrease the risk of vascular injury and bleeding. When combined with ICG labeled fluorescence laparoscopy, it could further reduce the risk of iatrogenic injury during the operation and improve postoperative recovery.
Cross-border malaria drivers and risk factors on the Brazil–Venezuela border between 2016 and 2018
Authors: Wangdi Kinley , Wetzler Erica , Marchesini Paola , Villegas Leopoldo , Canavati Sara
Published: April 2022

Globally, cross-border importation of malaria has become a challenge to malaria elimination. The border areas between Brazil and Venezuela have experienced high numbers of imported cases due to increased population movement and migration out of Venezuela. This study aimed to identify risk factors for imported malaria and delineate imported malaria hotspots in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela between 2016 and 2018. Data on malaria surveillance cases from Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela from 2016 to 2018 were obtained from national surveillance systems: the Brazilian Malaria Epidemiology Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Malaria), the Venezuelan Ministry of Health and other non-government organizations. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the risk factors for imported malaria. Spatial autocorrelation in malaria incidence was explored using Getis-Ord (Gi*) statistics. During the study period, there were 11,270 (24.3%) and 4072 (0.7%) imported malaria cases in Roraima, Brazil and Bolivar, Venezuela, respectively. In the multivariable logistic regression for Roraima, men were 28% less likely to be an imported case compared to women (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.665, 0.781). Ages 20–29 and 30–39 were 90% (AOR = 1.90; 95% CI 1.649, 2.181) and 54% (AOR = 1.54; 95% CI 1.331, 1.782) more likely to be an imported case compared to the 0–9 year age group, respectively. Imported cases were 197 times (AOR = 197.03; 95% CI 175.094, 221.712) more likely to occur in miners than those working in agriculture and domestic work. In Bolivar, cases aged 10–19 (AOR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.389, 2.192), 20–29 (AOR = 2.48; 95% CI 1.957, 3.144), and 30–39 (AOR = 2.29; 95% CI 1.803, 2.913) were at higher risk of being an imported case than those in the 0–9 year old group, with older age groups having a slightly higher risk compared to Roraima. Compared to agriculture and domestic workers, tourism, timber and fishing workers (AOR = 6.38; 95% CI 4.393, 9.254) and miners (AOR = 7.03; 95% CI 4.903, 10.092) were between six and seven times more likely to be an imported case. Spatial analysis showed the risk was higher along the international border in the municipalities of Roraima, Brazil. To achieve malaria elimination, cross-border populations in the hotspot municipalities will need targeted intervention strategies tailored to occupation, age and mobility status. Furthermore, all stakeholders, including implementers, policymakers, and donors, should support and explore the introduction of novel approaches to address these hard-to-reach populations with the most cost-effective interventions.
A pre-symptomatic incubation model for precision strategies of screening, quarantine, and isolation based on imported COVID-19 cases in Taiwan
Authors: Jen Grace Hsiao-Hsuan , Yen Amy Ming-Fang , Hsu Chen-Yang , Chen Sam Li-Sheng , Chen Tony Hsiu-Hsi
Published: April 2022

Facing the emerging COVID viral variants and the uneven distribution of vaccine worldwide, imported pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases play a pivotal role in border control strategies. A stochastic disease process and computer simulation experiments with Bayesian underpinning was therefore developed to model pre-symptomatic disease progression during incubation period on which we were based to provide precision strategies for containing the resultant epidemic caused by imported COVID-19 cases. We then applied the proposed model to data on 1051 imported COVID-19 cases among inbound passengers to Taiwan between March 2020 and April 2021. The overall daily rate (per 100,000) of pre-symptomatic COVID-19 cases was estimated as 106 (95% credible interval (CrI): 95–117) in March–June 2020, fell to 37 (95% CrI: 28–47) in July–September 2020 (p < 0.0001), resurged to 141 (95% CrI: 118–164) in October–December 2020 (p < 0.0001), and declined to 90 (95% CrI: 73–108) in January–April 2021 (p = 0.0004). Given the median dwelling time, over 82% cases would progress from pre-symptomatic to symptomatic phase in 5-day quarantine. The time required for quarantine given two real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests depends on the risk of departing countries, testing and quarantine strategies, and whether the passengers have vaccine jabs. Our proposed four-compartment stochastic process and computer simulation experiments design underpinning Bayesian MCMC algorithm facilitated the development of precision strategies for imported COVID-19 cases.
Longitudinal [18]UCB-H/[18F]FDG imaging depicts complex patterns of structural and functional neuroplasticity following bilateral vestibular loss in the rat
Authors: Antons Melissa , Lindner Magdalena , Grosch Maximilian , Oos Rosel , Palumbo Giovanna , Brendel Matthias , Ziegler Sibylle , Bartenstein Peter , Dieterich Marianne , Zwergal Andreas
Published: April 2022

Neuronal lesions trigger mechanisms of structural and functional neuroplasticity, which can support recovery. However, the temporal and spatial appearance of structure–function changes and their interrelation remain unclear. The current study aimed to directly compare serial whole-brain in vivo measurements of functional plasticity (by [18F]FDG-PET) and structural synaptic plasticity (by [18F]UCB-H-PET) before and after bilateral labyrinthectomy in rats and investigate the effect of locomotor training. Complex structure–function changes were found after bilateral labyrinthectomy: in brainstem-cerebellar circuits, regional cerebral glucose metabolism (rCGM) decreased early, followed by reduced synaptic density. In the thalamus, increased [18F]UCB-H binding preceded a higher rCGM uptake. In frontal-basal ganglia loops, an increase in synaptic density was paralleled by a decrease in rCGM. In the group with locomotor training, thalamic rCGM and [18F]UCB-H binding increased following bilateral labyrinthectomy compared to the no training group. Rats with training had considerably fewer body rotations. In conclusion, combined [18F]FDG/[18F]UCB-H dual tracer imaging reveals that adaptive neuroplasticity after bilateral vestibular loss is not a uniform process but is composed of complex spatial and temporal patterns of structure–function coupling in networks for vestibular, multisensory, and motor control, which can be modulated by early physical training.
Genetic structure in neotropical birds with different tolerance to urbanization
Authors: Rodríguez-Bardía Mauricio , Fuchs Eric J. , Barrantes Gilbert , Madrigal-Brenes Ruth , Sandoval Luis
Published: April 2022

Gene flow in birds can be affected by urbanization depending on natural history traits and adaptability to habitat change. Contrasting results can be expected when comparing species with opposite resilience to urbanization. In this study, we assessed genetic diversity and structure for two bird species, the urban avoider white-eared ground-sparrow,Melozone leucotis,and the urban dweller house wrenTroglodytes aedon. We used seven microsatellite loci and sampled five locations with differing levels of urbanization in Costa Rica. We found considerably higher genetic structure in white-eared ground-sparrows than in house wrens. Circuit theory analyses proved a higher isolation from urban resistance for the white-eared ground-sparrow than for house wrens. These results support that urbanization is a significant barrier for gene flow in urban avoiders, in contrast to urban dweller species that showed little to no impact. Differences could be attributed to a higher plasticity in habitat and nesting site preferences in the house wren, and significant dispersal limitation for the white-eared ground-sparrow. These results emphasize the need for conservation strategies towards white-eared ground-sparrows and other urban avoider species whose habitat and connectivity have been reduced by the recent urban expansion.
Tuneable conductivity at extreme electric fields in ZnO tetrapod-silicone composites for high-voltage power cable insulation
Authors: Greijer Helena , Mirotta Nicola , Treossi Emanuele , Valorosi Filippo , Schütt Fabian , Siebert Leonard , Mishra Yogendra Kumar , Adelung Rainer , Palermo Vincenzo , Hillborg Henrik
Published: April 2022

Resistive Field Grading Materials (RFGM) are used in critical regions in the electrical insulation system of high-voltage direct-current cable systems. Here, we describe a novel type of RFGM, based on a percolated network of zinc oxide (ZnO) tetrapods in a rubber matrix. The electrical conductivity of the composite increases by a factor of 108for electric fields > 1 kV mm−1, as a result of the highly anisotropic shape of the tetrapods and their significant bandgap (3.37 eV). We demonstrate that charge transport at fields < 1 kV mm−1is dominated by thermally activated hopping of charge carriers across spatially, as well as energetically, localized states at the ZnO–polymer interface. At higher electric fields (> 1 kV mm−1) band transport in the semiconductive tetrapods triggers a large increase in conductivity. These geometrically enhanced ZnO semiconductors outperform standard additives such as SiC particles and ZnO micro varistors, providing a new class of additives to achieve variable conductivity in high-voltage cable system applications.
Production of orbital angular momentum states of optical vortex beams using a vortex half-wave retarder with double-pass configuration
Authors: Deachapunya Sarayut , Srisuphaphon Sorakrai , Buathong Sitti
Published: April 2022

Higher orders of orbital angular momentum states (OAMs) of light have been produced with a double-pass configuration through a zero-order vortex half-wave retarder (VHWR). This double-pass technique can reduce the number of VHWR plates used, thus reducing costs. The OAM states of the vortex beams are identified by the near-field Talbot effect. Polarization dependence of the vortex states can also be demonstrated with this VHWR using Talbot effect. Without using the Talbot patterns, this effect of the polarization on the vortex beam can not be recognized. A theoretical validation has also been provided to complement the experimental results. Our study gives an improved understanding of this approach to use a VHWR plate.
The role of climate and islands in species diversification and reproductive-mode evolution of Old World tree frogs
Authors: Ellepola Gajaba , Pie Marcio R. , Pethiyagoda Rohan , Hanken James , Meegaskumbura Madhava
Published: April 2022

Large diversifications of species are known to occur unevenly across space and evolutionary lineages, but the relative importance of their driving mechanisms, such as climate, ecological opportunity and key evolutionary innovations (KEI), remains poorly understood. Here, we explore the remarkable diversification of rhacophorid frogs, which represent six percent of global amphibian diversity, utilize four distinct reproductive modes, and span a climatically variable area across mainland Asia, associated continental islands, and Africa. Using a complete species-level phylogeny, we find near-constant diversification rates but a highly uneven distribution of species richness. Montane regions on islands and some mainland regions have higher phylogenetic diversity and unique assemblages of taxa; we identify these as cool-wet refugia. Starting from a centre of origin, rhacophorids reached these distant refugia by adapting to new climatic conditions (‘niche evolution’-dominant), especially following the origin of KEIs such as terrestrial reproduction (in the Late Eocene) or by dispersal during periods of favourable climate (‘niche conservatism’-dominant).
Massive earthquake swarm driven by magmatic intrusion at the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica
Authors: Cesca Simone , Sugan Monica , Rudzinski Łukasz , Vajedian Sanaz , Niemz Peter , Plank Simon , Petersen Gesa , Deng Zhiguo , Rivalta Eleonora , Vuan Alessandro , Plasencia Linares Milton Percy , Heimann Sebastian , Dahm Torsten
Published: April 2022

An earthquake swarm affected the Bransfield Strait, Antarctica, a unique rift basin in transition from intra-arc rifting to ocean spreading. The swarm, counting ~85,000 volcano-tectonic earthquakes since August 2020, is located close to the Orca submarine volcano, previously considered inactive. Simultaneously, geodetic data reported up to ~11 cm northwestward displacement over King George Island. We use a broad variety of geophysical data and methods to reveal the complex migration of seismicity, accompanying the intrusion of 0.26–0.56 km3 of magma. Strike-slip earthquakes mark the intrusion at depth, while shallower normal faulting the ~20 km long lateral growth of a dike. Seismicity abruptly decreased after a Mw 6.0 earthquake, suggesting the magmatic dike lost pressure with the slipping of a large fault. A seafloor eruption is likely, but not confirmed by sea surface temperature anomalies. The unrest documents episodic magmatic intrusion in the Bransfield Strait, providing unique insights into active continental rifting.
The travelling particles: community dynamics of biofilms on microplastics transferred along a salinity gradient
Authors: Song Jessica , Beule Lukas , Jongmans-Hochschulz Elanor , Wichels Antje , Gerdts Gunnar
Published: April 2022

Microplastics (MP), as novel substrata for microbial colonization within aquatic ecosystems, are a matter of growing concern due to their potential to propagate foreign or invasive species across different environments. MP are known to harbour a diversity of microorganisms, yet little is understood of the dynamics of their biofilms and their capacity to successfully displace these microorganisms across different aquatic ecosystems typically marked by steep salinity gradients. To address this, we performed an in situ sequential incubation experiment to simulate MP transport from riverine to coastal seawaters using synthetic (high-density polyethylene, HDPE and tyre wear, TW) and natural (Wood) substrata. Bacterial communities on incubated particles were compared to each other as well as to those in surrounding waters, and their dynamics along the gradient investigated. All communities differed significantly from each other in their overall structure along the salinity gradient and were shaped by different ecological processes. While HDPE communities were governed by environmental selection, those on TW and Wood were dominated by stochastic events of dispersal and drift. Upon transfer into coastal seawaters, an almost complete turnover was observed among HDPE and TW communities. While synthetic particles displaced a minor proportion of communities across the salinity gradient, some of these comprised putatively pathogenic and resistant taxa. Our findings present an extensive assessment of MP biofilms and their dynamics upon displacement across different aquatic systems, presenting new insights into the role of MP as transport vectors.
A transfer learning protocol for chemical catalysis using a recurrent neural network adapted from natural language processing
Authors: Singh Sukriti , Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: April 2022

A transfer learning protocol for yield and enantioselectivity predictions of transition metal- and organo-catalytic reactions, suitable for small (<400) to large (>4000) data regimes.
A photoelectrochemical sensor for glutathione based on Bi2S3-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays
Authors: Wang Mengyan , Zhan Yi , Wang Hanxiao , Zhang Chi , Li Gaiping , Zou Lina
Published: April 2022

A novel photoelectrochemical sensor for the determination of glutathione based on Bi2S3-modified TiO2 nanotube arrays. Under the excitation of visible light, glutathione can be oxidized by the holes created by the Bi2S3/TiO2 NTAs.
Nonlinear plexcitons: excitons coupled with plasmons in two-photon absorption
Authors: Chen Yichuan , Cheng Yuqing , Sun Mengtao
Published: April 2022

The strong excitons of donor–acceptor system in two-photon absorption are strongly enhanced by local surface plasmon resonance excited by two-photon, which reveals strong nonlinear plexciton properties.
Five-dimensional unclonable anticounterfeiting orthogonal Raman labels
Authors: Li Jin , He Chang , Qu Haijun , Shen Feng , Ye Jian
Published: April 2022

We present rapid and high-throughput mass production of five-dimensional unclonable security labels consisting of alkyne-decorated Raman tags embedded inside resin-based micropatterns for high-level anticounterfeiting by microfluidic SlipChip.
Grain-boundary-rich layered double hydroxides via a boron-assisted strategy for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hou Xiaohan , Liu Huibin , Zhang Qicheng , Fang Tiantian , Sun Minghong , Peng Wenchao , Li Yang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: April 2022

We propose a facile boron-assisted strategy to prepare NiFe LDHs with rich grain boundaries, which originate from imperfect oriented attachment between primary LDH particles. The grain-boundary-rich NiFe LDHs exhibit excellent OER activity.
Mitigating the photodegradation of all-inorganic mixed-halide perovskite nanocrystals by ligand exchange
Authors: Wahl Jan , Haizmann Philipp , Kirsch Christopher , Frecot Rene , Mukharamova Nastasia , Assalauova Dameli , Kim Young Yong , Zaluzhnyy Ivan , Chassé Thomas , Vartanyants Ivan A. , Peisert Heiko , Scheele Marcus
Published: April 2022

We show that the decomposition of caesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals under continuous X-ray illumination depends on the surface ligand.
An insight into the thermo-thickening behavior of wormlike micellar solutions based on ultra-long-chain surfactants
Authors: Yin Quan , Tian Qiang , Doutch James , Frimpong Asante O. , Xu Xiao , Yin Hongyao , Li Peixun , Feng Yujun
Published: April 2022

The abnormal thermo-thickening behavior of wormlike micellar solutions based on ultra-long-chain surfactants has been unraveled and ascribed to the prolonged persistence length and increased entanglement points of micelles at elevated temperatures.
Probing the redox-conversion of Co(ii)-disulfide to Co(iii)-thiolate complexes: the effect of ligand-field strength
Authors: Marvelous Christian , de Azevedo Santos Lucas , Siegler Maxime A. , Fonseca Guerra Célia , Bouwman Elisabeth
Published: April 2022

The effect of ligand-field strength on the redox-conversion of cobalt(ii)-disulfide to cobalt(iii)-thiolate complexes was investigated using bipyridine. DFT computations reveal that orientation of the ligand is important for a clean conversion.
A series of dynamic single crystals of [MII(en)3]SO4 (M = Ni, Mn, and Cd) shows tunable dielectric properties and anisotropic thermal expansion
Authors: Wu Cong , Gao Kai-Ge , Yao Zi-Shuo , Tao Jun
Published: April 2022

A series of dynamic single crystals with a chemical formula of [MII(en)3]SO4 (en = ethylene and MII = NiII, MnII, and CdII) was synthesized.
Electronic structural modulation of bismuth catalysts induced by sulfur and oxygen co-doping for promoting CO2 electroreduction
Authors: Shao Xiaolin , Sun Xueliang , Huang Qiuan , Yi Jin , Zhang Jiujun , Liu Yuyu
Published: April 2022

Carbon dioxide electroreduction into green fuels and value-added chemicals is an attractive method for the utilization of renewable energy to mitigate global warming.
A new class of nickel(ii) oxyquinoline–bipyridine complexes as potent anticancer agents induces apoptosis and autophagy in A549/DDP tumor cells through mitophagy pathways
Authors: Wang Zhen-Feng , Wei Qiao-Chang , Li Jin-Xian , Zhou Zhen , Zhang Shu-Hua
Published: April 2022

Nickel(ii) oxyquinoline–bipyridine complexes inhibit cell growth in A549 and A549/DDP tumor cells via mitophagy pathways.
Chondroitin sulfate deposited on foxtail millet prolamin/caseinate nanoparticles to improve physicochemical properties and enhance cancer therapeutic effects
Authors: Chen Xiao , Wu Yan-Chao , Gong Pi-Xian , Zhang Yu-He , Li Hui-Jing
Published: April 2022

In this study, curcumin (Cur)-loaded chondroitin sulfate (CS)–sodium caseinate (NaCas)–stabilized foxtail millet prolamin (FP) composite nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated via a one-pot process.
Mechanoenzymatic reactions with whole cell transaminases: shaken, not stirred
Authors: Carter Eve M. , Ambrose-Dempster Esther , Ward John M. , Sheppard Tom D. , Hailes Helen C.
Published: April 2022

The use of mechanoenzymatic reaction conditions with whole cell transminases to produce a range of amines in high yields and stereoselectivities.
PtSe2 on a reduced graphene oxide foil for the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Oliveira Filipa M. , Danylo Iryna , Mazánek Vlastimil , Veselý Martin , Gusmão Rui , Sofer Zdeněk
Published: April 2022

Selenization of predeposited Pt on an rGO foil results in a freestanding electrocatalyst for the HER, achieving a low overpotential of 95 mV at −10 mA cm−2.
Photocatalytic conversion of arylboronic acids to phenols by a new 2D donor–acceptor covalent organic framework
Authors: Luo Bingcai , Zhang Yubao , Chen Ying , Huo Jianqiang
Published: April 2022

3D perspective view ofBTT-BTDDA-COFand illustration of arylboronic acid hydroxylation under blue light.
The performance of an atomically dispersed oxygen reduction catalyst prepared by γ-CD-MOF integration with FePc
Authors: Xu Dawei , Li Xuhui , Zheng Tingting , Zhao Ruixue , Zhang Pengyu , Li Kai , Li Zhongfeng , Zheng Lirong , Zuo Xia
Published: April 2022

The limiting effect of the γ-CD-MOF cavity can prevent the accumulation of FePc and inhibit the agglomeration of Fe, thus yielding an atomically dispersed Fe/N/C electrocatalyst.
Construction of organic–inorganic hybrid photoanodes with metal phthalocyanine complexes to improve photoelectrochemical water splitting performance
Authors: Sun Zijun , Xu Chengwen , Li Zhen , Guo Fei , Liu Baosheng , Liu Jinghua , Zhou Jin , Yu Zhiqiang , He Xiong , Jiang Daochuan
Published: April 2022

The modification of cobalt phthalocyanine complexes on BiVO4 could promote the charge carrier migration and accelerate the water oxidation kinetics, thus significantly enhancing the photoelectrochemical water splitting.
SO3 decomposition over silica-modified β-SiC supported CuFe2O4 catalyst: characterization, performance, and atomistic insights
Authors: Tomar Sachin , Gill Deepika , Kondamudi Kishore , Upadhyayula Sreedevi , Bhattacharya Saswata
Published: April 2022

CuFe2O4 catalyst supported on silica-modified β-SiC resulted in enhanced catalytic activity and stability due to better metal-support interaction.
Bifunctional polypyrrole-based conductive paper towards simultaneous efficient solar-driven water evaporation and electrochemical energy storage
Authors: Zhang Jiahong , Wang Pengfei , Chen Yulian , Mu Xiaojiang , Wang Xiaoyang , Tanemura Sakae , Zhou Jianhua , Miao Lei
Published: April 2022

Photothermal effect from polypyrrole-based conductive paper under sunlight illumination enhance its water evaporation performance and capacitance simultaneously.
Silver-catalysed double decarboxylative addition–cyclisation–elimination cascade sequence for the synthesis of quinolin-2-ones
Authors: Mazodze C. Munashe , Petersen Wade F.
Published: April 2022

Thermal and photochemical silver-catalysed cascade sequence for the synthesis of quinolin-2-ones is reported. The reaction features two radical decarboxylations and proceeds via the formal addition of an olefin moiety to a phenylformamide precursor.
Sulfur-dipentene polysulfides: from industrial waste to sustainable, low-cost materials
Authors: Silvano Selena , Tritto Incoronata , Losio Simona , Boggioni Laura
Published: April 2022

Stable ter-polysulfides from bio-based low cost dipentene and crosslinkers with a sulfur content greater than 50 wt% were synthesized by catalytic inverse vulcanization. Shape persistent polystyrene-polysulfide blends able to bind Fe2+ were obtained.
Aminolysis as a surface functionalization method of aliphatic polyester nonwovens: impact on material properties and biological response
Authors: Jeznach Oliwia , Kołbuk Dorota , Marzec Mateusz , Bernasik Andrzej , Sajkiewicz Paweł
Published: April 2022

Aminolysis treatment improves L929 cell–scaffold interaction. It is possible to reach compromise between the concentration of NH2 groups and mechanical properties change.
Revealing the different performance of Li4SiO4 and Ca2SiO4 for CO2 adsorption by density functional theory
Authors: Yu Wenjing , Xu Qian , Li Shenggang , Xiong Xiaolu , Cheng Hongwei , Zou Xingli , Lu Xionggang
Published: April 2022

The Li4SiO4 (010) exhibits greater adsorption towards CO2 than the Ca2SiO4 (100) with a stronger covalent bond and more charge transfer between the surface and CO2.
Tuning the local chemical environment of ZnSe quantum dots with dithiols towards photocatalytic CO2 reduction
Authors: Sahm Constantin D. , Ciotti Anna , Mates-Torres Eric , Badiani Vivek , Sokołowski Kamil , Neri Gaia , Cowan Alexander J. , García-Melchor Max , Reisner Erwin
Published: April 2022

ZnSe quantum dots (yellow sphere) are modified with dithiols of various lengths for enhanced visible light-driven CO2 to CO reduction in either the absence or presence of a molecular Ni co-catalyst.
A two-dimensional perovskite oxyfluoride Pb3Fe2O5F2 as a catalyst for electrochemical oxidation of water to oxygen
Authors: Mizuochi Ryusuke , Oka Kengo , Inaguma Yoshiyuki , Maeda Kazuhiko
Published: April 2022

A two-dimensional layered perovskite oxyfluoride Pb3Fe2O5F2 has electrocatalytic activity for water oxidation and showed nearly 8-fold more evolved O2 than a three-dimensional bulk PbFeO2F.
A photoswitchable circularly polarized luminescent cholesteric superstructure: direct visualization and dynamic modulation of the amplified luminescence dissymmetry factor
Authors: Qiao Jinghui , He Yanrong , Lin Siyang , Fan Qingyan , Guo Jinbao
Published: April 2022

Amplifying and reversibly photoswitching luminescence dissymmetry factor of the CPL signal in a luminescent cholesteric superstructure is proposed. This CLC-based CPL active material has great potential in information displaying and encrypting field.
Exceptional low-temperature fluorescence sensing properties in novel KBaY(MoO4)3:Yb3+,Ho3+ materials based on FIR of Ho3+ transitions 5F5(1) → 5I8/5S2 → 5I8
Authors: Li Kai , Zhu Daiman , Yue Changtao
Published: April 2022

The fluorescent low-temperature sensing ability of a novel kind of KBaY(MoO4)3:Yb3+,Ho3+ material has been evaluated in this work.
High colouring efficiency, optical density and inserted charge in sol–gel derived electrochromic titania nanostructures
Authors: Pullar Robert C. , Giannuzzi Roberto , Prontera Tania , Tobaldi David M. , Pugliese Marco , De Marco Luisa , Cossari Pierluigi , Gigli Giuseppe , Maiorano Vincenzo
Published: April 2022

Pure TiO2thin film (100–120 nm) made from aqueous sol–gel on FTO. Calcined at 430 °C. High CE of 55.9 cm2C−1at 550 nm,Qc= 50 mC cm−2after 25 min, ΔOD of 1.4 at 550 nm and 2.4 at 700 nm, all higher than any previous crystalline sol–gel TiO2films.
Estimating the Prevalence of Specific Learning Disorder, Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Japanese School-Age Children Who Stutter
Authors: Miyamoto Shoko , Kobayashi Hiroaki , Sakai Naomi , Iimura Daichi , Tsuge Masayoshi
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

This study aimed to predict special educational needs in children who stutter (CWS) using a screening test for three neurodevelopmental disorders (specific learning disorder [SLD], attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and autism spectrum disorder [ASD]). While most previous studies have been conducted by speech-language pathologists, this study was conducted in an educational setting. Additionally, we investigated correlations between children's scores in scales for assessing neurodevelopmental disorders and stuttering severity.

Method:

Participants were 116 CWS (ages 6–12 years) from resource rooms for speech-language disorders in Japan. Speech-language teachers in resource rooms were asked to evaluate CWS and respond to the Learning Disabilities Inventory–Revised, ADHD Rating Scale, and Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire.

Results:

We received 90 valid responses with no missing values. Among them, 32 (35.5%) children were judged as having difficulties related to SLD, ADHD, and ASD in school life. Among them, 23 (25.6%) were SLD suspected, 12 (13.3%) were ADHD suspected, and nine (10.0%) were ASD suspected. Difficulty in speaking, writing, math, and hyperactivity/impulsivity was significantly and positively correlated with stuttering severity. Moreover, in the group of CWS with suspected neurodevelopmental disorders, the distribution of scores related to SLD was skewed toward high scores.

Conclusions:

CWS in this study showed higher rates of suspected SLD, ADHD, and ASD within a school setting compared with the rates for typically developing children surveyed in Japan in 2012 through another prior study. In addition, the effect of stuttering severity on academic skills is discussed.
Modelling the 2D object recognition task in manufacturing context: An information‐based model
Authors: Cavallo Daniela , Digiesi Salvatore , Mossa Giorgio
Published: April 2022

In the last decays, manufacturing systems evolved to meet the high product variety required by the market. Different products can be manufactured in the mixed‐model assembly lines, with an increase in the process complexity. In these production systems, the required flexibility is mainly provided by operators in the final assembly stages. Here, human errors could lead to high economic losses. A lack is observed in available research concerning a formal quantification of manufacturing complexity considering the joint effect of shape complexity and similarity in the mix variety. This paper focuses on operator decision‐making in 2D object recognition tasks, since this is the most critical task performed in mixed model assembly systems. A novel model to quantify the information content in 2D object recognition task is proposed. The model is based on the Shannon's Entropy theory and considers both shape complexity and object similarities. Numerical experiments are provided, and results obtained show the effectiveness of the model in capturing the joint effect of shape complexity and similarities on the task information content. The proposed model can be adopted in a production environment for re‐allocating tasks/sub‐tasks to avoid the high amount of information to be processed affecting operators' performance.
Efficient direct position determination using Frobenius norm approximation
Authors: Feng Xuefeng , Huang Zhen , He Jiazhi , Xue Dingli
Published: April 2022

To eliminate the bottleneck of computation and communication capability in classic direct position determination, recently several fast approximation methods have been proposed. However, the estimation accuracy of these methods is not satisfactory. In this letter, the common theoretical principle behind these fast approximation methods is analysed in depth. It is demonstrated that the maximum eigenvalue of a matrix can be approximated by the matrix norm. The performance of several commonly used matrix norms is then compared, and the Frobenius norm is preferable because of its great potential inferred from the analysis in this letter. Numerical simulations indicate that, compared with conventional methods, the proposed method can achieve better estimation accuracy with less computational complexity.
Gamma-convergence results for nematic elastomer bilayers: relaxation and actuation
Authors: Cesana Pierluigi , Baldelli Andrés A. León
Published: April 2022

We compute effective energies of thin bilayer structures composed of soft nematic elastic liquid crystals in various geometrical regimes and functional configurations. Our focus is on elastic foundations composed of an isotropic layer attached to a nematic substrate where order-strain interaction results in complex opto-mechanical instabilities activatedviacoupling through the common interface. Allowing out-of-plane displacements, we compute Gamma-limits for vanishing thickness which exhibit spontaneous stress relaxation and shape-morphing behaviour. This extends the plane strain modelling of Cesana and Leon Baldelli [Math. Models Methods Appl. Sci.(2018) 2863-2904], and shows the asymptotic emergence of fully coupled active macroscopic nematic foundations. Subsequently, we focus on actuation and compute asymptotic configurations of an active plate on nematic foundation interacting with an applied electric field. From the analytical standpoint, the presence of an electric field and its associated electrostatic work turns the total energy non-convex and non-coercive. We show that equilibrium solutions are min-max points of the system, that min-maximising sequences pass to the limit and, that the limit system can exert mechanical work under applied electric fields.
Recent developments in IBA analysis at CENTA, Bratislava
Authors: Ješkovský Miroslav , Kaizer Jakub , Kontuľ Ivan , Kvasniak Jakub , Pánik Ján , Zeman Jakub , Povinec Pavel P.
Published: April 2022

An experimental setup used at the CENTA (Centre for Nuclear and Accelerator Technologies) laboratory to carry out IBA (Ion Beam Analysis) techniques is described. PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) technique offers a unique way of non-destructive elemental analysis using accelerated ion beams. The calibration of instrumental constants (H-values) of SDD and BEGe detectors, used in the setup, is described in detail. The H-value was determined as a function of X-ray energy by using thin MicroMatter standards of chosen elements. The calibrated H-values were then used in GUPIXWIN for the determination of elemental concentrations in two IAEA reference materials, which were compared with reference values. A reasonable agreement was achieved between the measured and reference values, while the calibrated H-values will be used for further analyses.
The structural and optical response of the Au nanoparticles embedded in YSZ modified using high-energetic ion irradiation
Authors: Mikšová Romana , Cajzl Jakub , Macková Anna
Published: April 2022

Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) were synthesized in single-crystalline yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) using a high-energetic gold ion implantation with the intention of subsequent modification by silicon ion irradiation. (100)-oriented YSZ samples were implanted with 1 MeV Au+ ions at room temperature and fluences of 1.5×1016 cm−2, 5.0×1016 cm−2 and 7.5×1016 cm−2 and subsequently annealed for 1 h at 1100 °C in air. Gold NPs modification was realized with irradiation by 10 MeV Si3+ with the fluence of 5.0×1014 cm−2. Au NPs distribution and subsequent YSZ structure modification were studied. YSZ samples as-implanted with Au ions, annealed and subsequently irradiated with Si ions were characterized using Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) and RBS in channelling mode (RBS-C). The RBS spectra show that the implanted Auions concentrate in the YSZ sub-surface layer in the depth of about 50-250 nm and shift to greater depth with increasing ion fluence. The Si3+ ions irradiation slightly increased Zr sub-lattice disorder. Optical absorbance shows an increase of absorption band at 550 nm after Au implantation only for the two highest ion fluences. After annealing and Si irradiation, optical absorbance increased at 530-580 nm with connection to ion implantation fluence of Au+ ions.
Radiation exposure of microorganisms living in radioactive mineral springs
Authors: Kolovi Sofia , Fois Giovanna-Rosa , Lanouar Sarra , Chardon Patrick , Miallier Didier , Rivrais Guillaume , Allain Elisabeth , Baker Lory-Anne , Bailly Celine , Beauger Aude , Biron David-Georges , He Yihua , Holub Guillaume , Le Jeune Anne-Helene , Mallet Clarisse , Michel Herve , Montavon Gilles , Schoefs Benoit , Sergeant Claire , Maigne Lydia , Breton Vincent
Published: April 2022

The TIRAMISU collaboration gathers expertise from biologists, physicists, radiochemists and geologists within the Zone-Atelier Territoires Uranifères (ZATU) in France to analyze the radiation exposure of microorganisms living in naturally radioactive mineral springs. These springs are small waterbodies that are extremely stable over geological time scales and display different physicochemical and radiological parameters compared to their surroundings. Water and sediment samples collected in 27 mineral springs of the volcanic Auvergne region (Massif Central, France) have been studied for their microbial biodiversity and their radionuclide content. Among the microorganisms present, microalgae (diatoms), widely used as environmental indicators of water quality, have shown to display an exceptional abundance of teratogenic forms in the most radioactive springs studied (radon activity up to 3700 Bq/L). The current work presents a first assessment of the dose received by the diatoms inhabiting these ecosystems. According to ERICA tool, microorganisms living in most of the sampled mineral springs were exposed to dose rates above 10 μGy/h due to the large concentration of radium in the sediments (up to 50 Bq/g). Radiological analyses of water and sediments were used as inputs to Monte Carlo simulations at micro-(GATE) and nano- (Geant4-DNA) scale in order to assess the direct and indirect damages on the diatom DNA.
X-ray spectroscopy study on Thai amulet of Phra Kru Nadune
Authors: Won-in Krit , Boonruang Chatdanai , Tippawan Udomrat , Thongleurm Chome , Dararutana Pisutti
Published: April 2022

Thai Amulets are found in many forms in Thailand. They have been made by many different ethnic groups with different traditions. Phra Kru Nadune is one of the important amulets created in Dvaravati period that has been found at Nadune district, Mahasarakham province, northeastern Thailand. Many molds which are all terracotta have been used for production. Microstructure and composition of selected samples of the ancient amulets and the imitative one have been characterized using scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE). The results show that many elements are present as major (C, O, and Si), minor (Na, Al, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, and Zn), and trace elements (Mg, P, S, Ti, Cr, and Mn). Quartz, rice husk, orthoclase, anhydrite, and laterite are the base components, while zinc, copper, and bauxite are the characteristic components. These non-destructive techniques show obvious composition difference between the ancient (original) and new (imitative) amulets.
New methods for theranostic radioisotope production with solid targets at the Bern medical cyclotron
Authors: Dellepiane Gaia , Casolaro Pierluigi , Häffner Philipp Daniel , Mateu Isidre , Scampoli Paola , Voeten Naomi , Zyaee Elnaz , Braccini Saverio
Published: April 2022

The production of theranostic radionuclides using solid targets is challenging and requires an accurate knowledge of the production crosssections as well as the energy, positioning and focusing of the beam. A research program is ongoing at the 18 MeV Bern medical cyclotron, equipped with a Solid Target Station (STS) and a 6 m Beam Transfer Line (BTL) ending in a separate bunker with independent access. A novel target coin was designed and built to irradiate compressed powder pellets, together with a compact focalization system to optimize the irradiation procedure. Furthermore, methods were developed to measure the beam energy, the production cross-sections and the EoB-activity.
Optimal control strategy to control pandemic Covid-19 using MSILIHR_V Model
Authors: Chaharborj Shahriar Seddighi , Asl Jalal Hassanzadeh , Mohammadi Babak
Published: April 2022

Many researchers began doing studies about pandemic COVID-19 which began to spread from Wuhan, China in 2019 to all around the world and so far, numerous researches have been done around the world to control this contagious disease. In this paper, we proposed a MSIlIhR-V mathematical model to study the spreading of pandemic COVID-19. This paper is aimed to study the vaccination effect in the control of the disease propagation rate. Another goal of this paper is to find the maximum number of susceptible people, minimum number of infected people, and the best value for number of vaccination people. The Jacobian matrix was obtained in the virus absenteeism equilibrium point for the proposed dynamical system. The spectral radius method was applied to find the analytical formula for the reproductive number. Reproductive number is one of the most benefit and important tools to study of epidemic model’s stability and instability. In the following, by adding a controller to the model and also using the optimal control strategy, model performance was improved. To validate of the proposed models with controller and without controller we use the real data of COVID-19 from 4 January, 2021 up to 14 June, 2021 in Iran. Maple and MATLAB software’s will be used for programming. We will use Maple software for analytical parts and MATLAB software for numerical and simulation parts.
Ein neuer werkbiographischer Ansatz zu Karl Leonhard: Seine Rolle als
Psychiater im Nationalsozialismus und seine wissenschaftliche Prägung
durch die „Erlanger Schule“
Authors: Braun Birgit , Kornhuber Johannes
Published: April 2022

Ziel Der neue werkbiographische Ansatz fokussiert auf die Rolle Leonhards als
Psychiater zu NS-Zeit und auf seine wissenschaftliche Prägung durch die
„Erlanger Schule“.

Methodik Erstmalig wurden relevante Quellen aus fränkischen Archiven
einbezogen.

Ergebnisse An der Universitätspsychiatrie Erlangen wurde Leonhard
herangeführt an die exakte psychopathologische Zustandsbeschreibung, die
relevant ist für seine phänomenologische Betrachtungsweise.
Trotz seines „Mitläufer“-Status bei der Entnazifizierung
wurde er kurzzeitig zum „Belasteten“ aufgrund einer
Denunziation.

Schluss Leonhard zeigt sich als Opportunist, der sich – ohne
eigentliche eugenische Ausrichtung – der NS-Rassenhygiene
verpflichtete. Die proklamierte aktive NS-„Euthanasie“-Gegnerschaft kann aktuell nicht validiert werden und ist ein weiteres
Forschungsdesiderat.
Cu/Mn-Catalyzed C–N Cross-Coupling Reaction of Aryl Chlorides and Amines Promoted by a Polyamidoamine Dendrimer
Authors: Joshi Raj K. , Ranjan Archana , Varma Ajit , Kumari Sangeeta
Published: April 2022

A bimetallic catalytic combination of Mn(OAc)2 and Cu(OAc)2 was found to be significantly effective for the Buchwald-type C–N cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and amines. The reaction was markedly affected by the presence of a poly(amidoamine) dendrimer as a promoter that also possesses the advantages of being stable, nontoxic, biocompatible, nonimmunogenic, and acting as a soluble support for the transition-metal complex. Although, manganese is cheap and environmentally benign, it has not been fully exploited, due to its low intrinsic catalytic activity. Here, the catalytic potential of manganese was drastically increased by the presence of another metal salt, Cu(OAc)2. In the bimetallic composition, Mn significantly influenced the activity and selectivity, and played a vital role in catalysis. We have developed a novel, green, and economical procedure for Buchwald-type C–N cross-coupling of aryl chlorides and amines. This coupling method works under aerobic and solvent-free conditions and gives excellent yields of value-added N-arylated or N-alkylated products.
10.13 Product Class 13: Indole and Its Derivatives
Authors: Joule J. A.
Published: April 2022

This manuscript thoroughly updates the previous Science of Synthesis review of indole synthetic chemistry for the period 1999 to mid-2010. New and modified ring synthesis routes and new reactions of preformed indoles are discussed with an emphasis on processes that are efficient.
Motile soft microrobots shapeshift, move in response to temperature changes
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: April 2022

Study reveals novel propulsion mechanism based on swelling, deswelling in confined thermoresponsive microgels