bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-ACute stroke Trial (INTERACT4): study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Song Lili , Chen Chen , Chen Xiaoying , Guo Yijia , Liu Feifeng , Lin Yapeng , Billot Laurent , Li Qiang , Liu Hueiming , Si Lei , Ouyang Menglu , Arima Hisatomi , Bath Philip M. , Ford Gary A. , Robinson Thompson , Sandset Else Charlotte , Saver Jeffrey L. , Sprigg Nikola , van der Worp H. Bart , Zhang Chunfang , Yang Jie , Li Gang , Anderson Craig S. ,   for the INTERACT4 investigators, Anderson C. S. , Li G. , Yang J. , Song L. , Arima H. , Bath P. , Robinson T. , Ford G. , Sprigg N. , Sandset E. , Saver J. , Worp B. , Liu Z. , Dawson J. , Wong L. , Peng B. , Billot L. , Li Q. , Ning Y. , Song L. , Chen X. , Yang Z. , Yu W. , Li G. , Chen C. , Liu F. , Yang J. , Guo Y. , Lin Y. , Hu R. , Cheng H. , Ma W. , Liao K. , Zhang C. , Jin H. , Li G. , Yang J. , Xu P. , Wu X. , Wang F. , Wu L. , Wang C. , Peng Y. , Zhao X. , Xu X. , Liu X. , Song X. , Li Z. , Zhang H. , Yu D. , Wang Y. , Tang X. , Liu H. , Cao X. , Liu Y. , Duan Y. , Liu H. , Li C. , Huang J. , Li H. , Fan C. , Tang Y. , Ji Y. , Li G. , Huang Y. , Chen G. , Wang J.
Published: December 2021

Background

Early pre-hospital initiation of blood pressure (BP) lowering could improve outcomes for patients with acute stroke, by reducing hematoma expansion in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), and time to reperfusion treatment and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in ischemic stroke (IS). We present the design of the fourth INTEnsive ambulance-delivered blood pressure Reduction in hyper-ACute stroke Trial (INTERACT4).

Methods

A multi-center, ambulance-delivered, prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded endpoint (PROBE) assessed trial of pre-hospital BP lowering in 3116 hypertensive patients with suspected acute stroke at 50+ sites in China. Patients are randomized through a mobile phone digital system to intensive BP lowering to a target systolic BP of < 140 mmHg within 30 min, or guideline-recommended BP management according to local protocols. After the collection of in-hospital clinical and management data and 7-day outcomes, trained blinded assessors conduct telephone or face-to-face assessments of physical function and health-related quality of life in participants at 90 days. The primary outcome is the physical function on the modified Rankin scale at 90 days, analyzed as an ordinal outcome with 7 categories. The sample size was estimated to provide 90% power (α = 0.05) to detect a 22% reduction in the odds of a worse functional outcome using ordinal logistic regression.

Discussion

INTERACT4 is a pragmatic clinical trial to provide reliable evidence on the effectiveness and safety of ambulance-delivered hyperacute BP lowering in patients with suspected acute stroke.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03790800. Registered on 2 January 2019; Chinese Trial Registry ChiCTR1900020534. Registered on 7 January 2019. All items can be found in this protocol paper.
COVID-19 triage in general adult in-patient psychiatry: perspectives from clinicians on a novel triage ward during the pandemic
Authors: Williams Ryan , Cranshaw Joanna , Pinto da Costa Mariana
Published: December 2021

Intra-hospital transmission of COVID-19 is a major concern. To mitigate this risk, ‘COVID-triage’ psychiatric wards were implemented by some in-patient service providers in the UK. Although the effectiveness of this model has not been investigated, there are questions about the benefits and detriments of this model of care for patients and staff. This reflection draws from the experiences of clinicians who were redeployed from their planned clinical posts (and training rotations, in the case of trainees) to staff a newly established COVID-triage ward at a large urban mental healthcare provider, between August 2020 and March 2021.
Integration of Magnetic Capture and SERS Signal Probes for Sensitive Competitive Aptamer-based Detection of Cardiac Troponin I
Authors: Lin Chubing , Li Lijun , He Yuhan , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2021

In this study, a high sensitivity bimetallic SERS substrate Au@Ag is introduced with an EF of about 2.03 × 1011 to construct a competitive SERS aptasensor integrated aptamer and magnetic capture for detection of cardiac troponin I (cTnI). The aptasensor shows low quantitative concentration of detection (0.01 ng/mL), great linear relationship (R2 = 0.993) between SERS intensity and Log value of cTnI concentration (0.01 ng/mL–1.00 ng/mL). The proposed method is a rapid and sensitive detection of SERS aptasenor for cardiac troponin I, which has great application potential in clinic detection.
Detection of an invasive species Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon, 1855 (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Arionidae) in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania
Authors: Schikov Evgeniy V. , Komarov Yuriy E.
Published: December 2021

Arion vulgaris Moquin-Tandon is a serious agricultural pest. Its rapid spread started in the middle of the twentieth century. Currently, its range covers almost all of Western Europe and it is rapidly expanding to the east. A. vulgaris has been recorded in the Baltics, Ukraine, and central Russia; it is also found in the Faroe Islands. In 2009, it was discovered in Russia in the commercial greenhouses of Tver. Now it has spread in the suburbs and Moscow. On the 6th of August 2019, a population of this species was found in the arboretum of Vladikavkaz, North Ossetia which is the first record of A. vulgaris in the Caucasus. Description of the slug’s genitalia is given.
Efficient Solution Methods for a General r-Interdiction Median Problem with Fortification
Authors: Zhang Kaike , Li Xueping , Jin Mingzhou
Published: December 2021

This study generalizes the r-interdiction median (RIM) problem with fortification to simultaneously consider two types of risks: probabilistic exogenous disruptions and endogenous disruptions caused by intentional attacks. We develop a bilevel programming model that includes a lower-level interdiction problem and a higher-level fortification problem to hedge against such risks. We then prove that the interdiction problem is supermodular and subsequently adopt the cuts associated with supermodularity to develop an efficient cutting-plane algorithm to achieve exact solutions. For the fortification problem, we adopt the logic-based Benders decomposition (LBBD) framework to take advantage of the two-level structure and the property that a facility should not be fortified if it is not attacked at the lower level. Numerical experiments show that the cutting-plane algorithm is more efficient than benchmark methods in the literature, especially when the problem size grows. Specifically, with regard to the solution quality, LBBD outperforms the greedy algorithm in the literature with an up-to 13.2% improvement in the total cost, and it is as good as or better than the tree-search implicit enumeration method.

Summary of Contribution: This paper studies an r-interdiction median problem with fortification (RIMF) in a supply chain network that simultaneously considers two types of disruption risks: random disruptions that occur probabilistically and disruptions caused by intentional attacks. The problem is to determine the allocation of limited facility fortification resources to an existing network. It is modeled as a bilevel programming model combining a defender’s problem and an attacker’s problem, which generalizes the r-interdiction median problem with probabilistic fortification. This paper is suitable for IJOC in mainly two aspects: (1) The lower-level attacker’s interdiction problem is a challenging high-degree nonlinear model. In the literature, only a total enumeration method has been applied to solve a special case of this problem. By exploring the special structural property of the problem, namely, the supermodularity of the transportation cost function, we developed an exact cutting-plane method to solve the problem to its optimality. Extensive numerical studies were conducted. Hence, this paper fits in the intersection of operations research and computing. (2) We developed an efficient logic-based Benders decomposition algorithm to solve the higher-level defender’s fortification problem. Overall, this study generalizes several important problems in the literature, such as RIM, RIMF, and RIMF with probabilistic fortification (RIMF-p).
‘There is no place like dentistry’
Authors: Cummings Ellen
Published: December 2021

Ellen Cummings reviews the Society of British Dental Nurses 2021 conference
Cultura Nerd como Semiosfera: uma proposta de entendimento
Authors: Vargas Herom , Rocha Anderson
Published: December 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar a cultura nerd como sistema simbólico dinâmico, origem de identificações, ritos e práticas sociais, construído e divulgado pela cultura midiática e seus produtos – quadrinhos, cinema e televisão. A argumentação está ancorada nos conceitos da Semiótica da Cultura (SC). Para isso, são propostos os seguintes passos: apresentar os principais conceitos da SC, especialmente o de semiosfera, de Lótman; caracterizar a cultura nerd, a partir de personagens de filmes e de séries de TV; e relacionar a cultura nerd com a teoria da SC.
DISCURSOS SOBRE MASCULINIDADES E FUTEBOL MODERNO: identidade e diferença no “decreto Cenas Lamentáveis”
Authors: Gums Elyson , Hansen Fábio
Published: December 2021

Neste artigo são analisados os decretos postados pela fanpage Cenas Lamentáveis, pelo tensionamento com teorias sobre identidade e sobre masculinidades. O objetivo é compreender o funcionamento discursivo do decreto e suas relações com gênero e com a noção de “futebol clássico”. São mobilizadas ainda as noções teóricas de efeito-leitor e de silêncio, oriundas da Análise de Discurso pecheutiana. Análises revelam o decreto como parte de um sistema de demarcação de diferença, e responsável por institucionalizar a visão de que “futebol clássico” é futebol praticado por detentores das masculinidades socialmente legitimadas.
O corpo protagonista nas telas verticais: a influência do enquadramento retrato dos smartphones na produção imagética
Authors: Souza e Silva Wagner , Vellei Carolina Dos Santos
Published: December 2021

A ubiquidade dos smartphones desafia a hegemonia do vídeo com proporções horizontais, historicamente consolidada pelas tradições do cinema e da televisão. O presente trabalho revisita a trajetória da imagem técnica nos meios de comunicação e destaca a relevância de redes sociais como o Snapchat e o Instagram para a popularização do audiovisual vertical. Para abordar a temática, construímos um percurso bibliográfico que analisa como o formato vertical contribui para o fortalecimento da cultura das selfies e, de forma geral, para o aumento da exposição do corpo humano, que se mostra cada vez mais protagonista no universo imagético.
Early Detection of South Korean Financial Crisis using MS-GARCH Based on Term of Trade Indicator
Authors: Khoirunissa Husna Afanyn , Sugiyanto Sugiyanto , Subanti Sri
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The 1997 Asian financial crisis, which occurred until 1998, had a significant impact on the economies of Asian countries, including South Korea. The crisis brought down the South Korean currency quickly and sent the economy into sudden decline. Because the impact of the financial crisis was severe and sudden, South Korean requires a system which able to sight crisis signals, therefore that, the crisis will be fended off. One in all the indicators that can detect the financial crisis signals is that the term of trade indicator which has high fluctuation and change in the exchange rate regime. The mixture of Markov Switching and volatility models, Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH), or MS-GARCH could explain the crisis. The MS-GARCH model was built using data from the South Korean term of trade indicator during January 1990 until March 2020. The findings obtained in this research can be inferred that the best model of the term of trade is MS-GARCH (2,1,1). Term of trade indicator on that model could explain the Asian monetary crisis in 1997 and also the global monetary crisis in 2008. The smoothed probability of term of trade indicators predicts in April till December 2020 period, there will be no signs of the monetary crisis in South Korea.

Keywords: financial crisis, MS-GARCH, South Korea, term of trade indicator
Passive indoor visible light-based fall detection using neural networks
Authors: Majeed Khaqan , Hranilovic Steve
Published: December 2021

In this paper, a passive visible light sensing (VLS) fall detection system based on luminaires is proposed that uses neural networks to learn the state (i.e., upright or prone) of a target (e.g., a person). The proposed method measures the channel impulse response (CIR) between different source-receiver pairs in a passive scenario, where the user does not hold a device or sensor. The CIR measurements are collected in a realistically modeled room and neural networks are employed to learn the relationship between the CIR measurements and the states of the target at randomly selected positions in the room. The performance evaluation of the system shows that an accuracy of more than 97% is attainable by utilizing a large number of data samples and high brightness factor of the luminaires. The robustness of the proposed method is validated by using a tilted state which is labeled with same class as the upright state, however, the tilted state is not used to train the network. One of the key applications of fall detection is in healthcare domain for patient monitoring. The correct prediction of the prone state is particularly critical in such scenarios since emergency situations may arise from a fall.
Design of an X-cut thin-film lithium niobate waveguide as a passive polarization rotator
Authors: Cortes-Herrera Luis , He Xiaotong , Cardenas Jaime , Agrawal Govind P.
Published: December 2021

The transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic modes of an X-cut thin-film lithium niobate waveguide vary in effective indices and exchange power when the waveguide makes an oblique angle with its crystallographic Z-axis, i.e. its optics axis. We leverage this phenomenon to design a passive fundamental-mode polarization rotator. In our design, the lithium niobate waveguide is tilted at an optimum angle with respect to its Z-axis, such that material anisotropy induces phase-matched polarization conversion. We discuss the rotator’s ideal-device length, crosstalk, and bandwidth. The proposed design yields compact (shorter than 1 mm), low-loss, passive polarization rotators for telecom wavelengths.
Ownership protection for light-field 3D images: HDCT watermarking
Authors: Li Xiaowei , Ren Zhiqing , Wang Tianhao , Deng Huan
Published: December 2021

Watermarking plays an important role in ownership protection. The embedding strength of the watermark determines the robustness of the watermark and affects the imperceptibility of the watermark. Setting appropriate embedding parameters can balance the robustness and imperceptibility of the watermark. Considering the high-dimensional characteristics of the light-field 3D image, we decide to extract more features from the light-field image to control the embedding parameters accurately to improve the visual quality of the watermark. Therefore, in this paper, we present a method of ownership protection for the light-field image based on high-dimensional color transform (HDCT) watermarking. Our paper introduces an HDCT space to unify multiple different color spaces, rather than selecting a specific color space for processing. By mapping low-dimensional RGB colors into high-dimensional color space, in which the feature vectors can separate the salient region from the background linearly, and extract the embedding parameters accurately. The experimental results show the superiority of the proposed algorithm compared with the existing light-field watermarking algorithm, from the two aspects of imperceptibility and robustness.
Strong pump rejection filter for polarization-diverse silicon platforms
Authors: Michon Jérôme , Le Roux Xavier , Huot de Saint-Albin Alexandre , Oser Dorian , Tanzilli Sébastien , Labonté Laurent , Cassan Eric , Vivien Laurent , Alonso-Ramos Carlos
Published: December 2021

Integrated wavelength filters with high optical rejection are key components in several silicon photonics circuits, including quantum photon-pair sources and spectrometers. Non-coherent cascading of modal-engineered Bragg filters allows for remarkable optical rejections in structures that only support transverse-electric (TE) polarized modes such as uncladded 220-nm-thick silicon. However, the restriction to TE-only platforms limits the versatility of the non-coherent cascading approach. Here, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a new, to the best of our knowledge, approach for high-rejection filters in polarization-diverse platforms by combining non-coherent cascading of modal-engineered Bragg filters and anisotropy-engineered metamaterial bends. Bragg filters provide a high rejection of the TE mode, while the metamaterial bends remove any residual power propagating in the transverse-magnetic (TM) mode, without any penalty in terms of insertion loss or device footprint. Based on this strategy, we demonstrate optical rejection exceeding 60 dB in 300-nm-thick, cladded silicon waveguides.
Riddled with holes: Understanding air space formation in plant leaves
Authors: Whitewoods Christopher D.
Published: December 2021

Plants use energy from sunlight to transform carbon dioxide from the air into complex organic molecules, ultimately producing much of the food we eat. To make this complex chemistry more efficient, plant leaves are intricately constructed in 3 dimensions: They are flat to maximise light capture and contain extensive internal air spaces to increase gas exchange for photosynthesis. Many years of work has built up an understanding of how leaves form flat blades, but the molecular mechanisms that control air space formation are poorly understood. Here, I review our current understanding of air space formation and outline how recent advances can be harnessed to answer key questions and take the field forward. Increasing our understanding of plant air spaces will not only allow us to understand a fundamental aspect of plant development, but also unlock the potential to engineer the internal structure of crops to make them more efficient at photosynthesis with lower water requirements and more resilient in the face of a changing environment.
Emergence and fragmentation of the alpha-band driven by neuronal network dynamics
Authors: Zonca Lou , Holcman David
Published: December 2021

Rhythmic neuronal network activity underlies brain oscillations. To investigate how connected neuronal networks contribute to the emergence of the α-band and to the regulation of Up and Down states, we study a model based on synaptic short-term depression-facilitation with afterhyperpolarization (AHP). We found that the α-band is generated by the network behavior near the attractor of the Up-state. Coupling inhibitory and excitatory networks by reciprocal connections leads to the emergence of a stable α-band during the Up states, as reflected in the spectrogram. To better characterize the emergence and stability of thalamocortical oscillations containing α and δ rhythms during anesthesia, we model the interaction of two excitatory networks with one inhibitory network, showing that this minimal topology underlies the generation of a persistent α-band in the neuronal voltage characterized by dominant Up over Down states. Finally, we show that the emergence of the α-band appears when external inputs are suppressed, while fragmentation occurs at small synaptic noise or with increasing inhibitory inputs. To conclude, α-oscillations could result from the synaptic dynamics of interacting excitatory neuronal networks with and without AHP, a principle that could apply to other rhythms.
Investigation of extramammary sources of Group B Streptococcus reveals its unusual ecology and epidemiology in camels
Authors: Seligsohn Dinah , Crestani Chiara , Gitahi Nduhiu , Lejon Flodin Emelie , Chenais Erika , Zadoks Ruth N.
Published: December 2021

Camels are vital to food production in the drylands of the Horn of Africa, with milk as their main contribution to food security. A major constraint to camel milk production is mastitis, inflammation of the mammary gland. The condition negatively impacts milk yield and quality as well as household income. A leading cause of mastitis in dairy camels is Streptococcus agalactiae, or group B Streptococcus (GBS), which is also a commensal and pathogen of humans and cattle. It has been suggested that extramammary reservoirs for this pathogen may contribute to the occurrence of mastitis in camels. We explored the molecular epidemiology of GBS in camels using a cross-sectional study design for sample collection and phenotypic, genomic and phylogenetic analysis of isolates. Among 88 adult camels and 93 calves from six herds in Laikipia County, Kenya, GBS was detected in 20% of 50 milk samples, 25% of 152 nasal swabs, 8% of 90 oral swabs and 3% of 90 rectal swabs, but not in vaginal swabs. Per camel herd, two to four sequence types (ST) were identified using Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST). More than half of the isolates belonged to ST617 or its single-locus variant, ST1652, with these STs found across all sample types. Capsular serotype VI was detected in 30 of 58 isolates. In three herds, identical STs were detected in milk and swab samples, suggesting that extramammary sources of GBS may contribute to the maintenance and spread of GBS within camel herds. This needs to be considered when developing prevention and control strategies for GBS mastitis. The high nasal carriage rate, low recto-vaginal carriage rate, and high prevalence of serotype VI for GBS in camels are in stark contrast to the distribution of GBS in humans and in cattle and reveal hitherto unknown ecological and molecular features of this bacterial species.
Design and evaluation of a cognitive health education pilot program according to the RE-AIM framework
Authors: Yuan Manqiong , Xiao Xiao , Wang Yifan , Han Yaofeng , Zhang Rongmu , Fu Hanhan , Fang Ya
Published: December 2021

Objective

Most formats of currently used community-based health education for cognitive impairment prevention are limited to one-way communication, such as distributing leaflets, pasting posters, or holding a lecture, and they lack comprehensive evaluation. Here we aim to design, test, and evaluate a novel pilot cognitive health education program combined with psychosocial interventions (CHECPI).

Methods

We designed the CHECPI program and tested it among adults aged 60 and over in an aging-friendly community in 2018. Multidimensional cognitive functions were measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) before and three months after the CHECPI program. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were performed based on the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance) framework to evaluate the program. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to assess changes in multidimensional cognitive functions.

Results

The CHECPI program was comprised of 12 courses and introduced 5 kinds of psychosocial interventions. Reach: 28 older adults participated in the program, of whom most were female (n = 22) and younger elderly with an average age of 65.32 years. Effectiveness: 19 participants finished≥6 courses as well as the follow-up survey. Although their MoCA scores did not improve significantly, they had increased their visuospatial ability significantly (with the average score increasing by 0.42). Adoption: the community officers, lecturers, and participants highly recommended the program, but they agreed that the lack of professional instructors may hinder its popularization. Implementation: the program was implemented in full accordance with the pre-program design. Maintenance: three months after the program, 17 participants had maintained at least one of the seven healthy behaviors that were introduced in the program.

Conclusions

Younger female elderly were more willing to participate in the program. It enhanced participants’ visuospatial ability, but a sufficient number of professional instructors are crucial for large-scale promotion.
Measuring activity engagement in old age: An exploratory factor analysis
Authors: Marr Calum , Vaportzis Eleftheria , Niechcial Malwina A. , Dewar Michaela , Gow Alan J.
Published: December 2021

A growing body of literature suggests that higher engagement in a range of activities can be beneficial for cognitive health in old age. Such studies typically rely on self-report questionnaires to assess level of engagement. These questionnaires are highly heterogeneous across studies, limiting generalisability. In particular, the most appropriate domains of activity engagement remain unclear. The Victoria Longitudinal Study-Activity Lifestyle Questionnaire comprises one of the broadest and most diverse collections of activity items, but different studies report different domain structures. This study aimed to help establish a generalisable domain structure of the Victoria Longitudinal Study-Activity Lifestyle Questionnaire. The questionnaire was adapted for use in a sample of UK-based older adults (336 community-dwelling adults aged 65–92 with no diagnosed cognitive impairment). An exploratory factor analysis was conducted on 29 items. The final model retained 22 of these items in a six-factor structure. Activity domains were: Manual (e.g., household repairs), Intellectual (e.g., attending a public lecture), Games (e.g., card games), Religious (e.g., attending religious services), Exercise (e.g., aerobics) and Social (e.g., going out with friends). Given that beneficial activities have the potential to be adapted into interventions, it is essential that future studies consider the most appropriate measurement of activity engagement across domains. The factor structure reported here offers a parsimonious and potentially useful way for future studies to assess engagement in different kinds of activities.
A systematic bibliometric review of clean energy transition: Implications for low-carbon development
Authors: Zhang Wei , Li Binshuai , Xue Rui , Wang Chengcheng , Cao Wei
Published: December 2021

More voices are calling for a quicker transition towards clean energy. The exploration and exploitation of clean energy such as wind energy and solar energy are effective means to optimise energy structure and improve energy efficiency. To provide in-depth understanding of clean energy transition, this paper utilises a combination of multiple bibliometric mapping techniques, including HistCite, CiteSpace and R Bibliometrix, to conduct a systematic review on 2,191 clean energy related articles obtained from Web of Science (WoS). We identify five current main research streams in the clean energy field, including Energy Transition, Clean Energy and Carbon Emission Policy, Impact of Oil Price on Alternative Energy Stocks, Clean Energy and Economics, and Venture Capital Investments in Clean Energy. Clearly, the effectiveness of policy-driven and market-driven energy transition is an important ongoing debate. Emerging research topics are also discussed and classified into six areas: Clean Energy Conversion Technology and Biomass Energy Utilisation, Optimisation of Energy Generation Technology, Policy-Making in Clean Energy Transition, Impact of Clean Energy Use and Economic Development on Carbon Emissions, Household Use of Clean Energy, and Clean Energy Stock Markets. Accordingly, more and more research attention has been paid to how to improve energy efficiency through advanced clean energy technology, and how to make targeted policies for clean energy transition and energy market development. This article moves beyond the traditional literature review methods and delineates a systematic research agenda for clean energy research, providing research directions for achieving low-carbon development through the clean energy transition.
Genetic mapping reveals Nfkbid as a central regulator of humoral immunity to Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Souza Scott P. , Splitt Samantha D. , Sànchez-Arcila Juan C. , Alvarez Julia A. , Wilson Jessica N. , Wizzard Safuwra , Luo Zheng , Baumgarth Nicole , Jensen Kirk D. C.
Published: December 2021

Protective immunity to parasitic infections has been difficult to elicit by vaccines. Among parasites that evade vaccine-induced immunity isToxoplasma gondii, which causes lethal secondary infections in chronically infected mice. Here we report that unlike susceptible C57BL/6J mice, A/J mice were highly resistant to secondary infection. To identify correlates of immunity, we utilized forward genetics to identifyNfkbid, a nuclear regulator of NF-κB that is required for B cell activation and B-1 cell development.Nfkbid-null mice (“bumble”) did not generate parasite-specific IgM and lacked robust parasite-specific IgG, which correlated with defects in B-2 cell maturation and class-switch recombination. Though high-affinity antibodies were B-2 derived, transfer of B-1 cells partially rescued the immunity defects observed inbumblemice and were required for 100% vaccine efficacy in bone marrow chimeric mice. Immunity in resistant mice correlated with robust isotype class-switching in both B cell lineages, which can be fine-tuned byNfkbidgene expression. We propose a model whereby humoral immunity toT.gondiiis regulated byNfkbidand requires B-1 and B-2 cells for full protection.
H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes H5N6 virus release in mammalian cells: Mechanism of avian influenza virus inter-species infection in humans
Authors: Li Fangtao , Liu Jiyu , Yang Jizhe , Sun Haoran , Jiang Zhimin , Wang Chenxi , Zhang Xin , Yu Yinghui , Zhao Chuankuo , Pu Juan , Sun Yipeng , Chang Kin-Chow , Liu Jinhua , Sun Honglei
Published: December 2021

H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.4.4 not only exhibits unprecedented intercontinental spread in poultry, but can also cause serious infection in humans, posing a public health threat. Phylogenetic analyses show that 40% (8/20) of H5N6 viruses that infected humans carried H9N2 virus-derived internal genes. However, the precise contribution of H9N2 virus-derived internal genes to H5N6 virus infection in humans is unclear. Here, we report on the functional contribution of the H9N2 virus-derived matrix protein 1 (M1) to enhanced H5N6 virus replication capacity in mammalian cells. Unlike H5N1 virus-derived M1 protein, H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein showed high binding affinity for H5N6 hemagglutinin (HA) protein and increased viral progeny particle release in different mammalian cell lines. Human host factor, G protein subunit beta 1 (GNB1), exhibited strong binding to H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein to facilitate M1 transport to budding sites at the cell membrane. GNB1 knockdown inhibited the interaction between H9N2 virus-derived M1 and HA protein, and reduced influenza virus-like particles (VLPs) release. Our findings indicate that H9N2 virus-derived M1 protein promotes avian H5N6 influenza virus release from mammalian, in particular human cells, which could be a major viral factor for H5N6 virus cross-species infection.
Genome-scale CRISPR screen identifies TMEM41B as a multi-function host factor required for coronavirus replication
Authors: Sun Limeng , Zhao Changzhi , Fu Zhen , Fu Yanan , Su Zhelin , Li Yangyang , Zhou Yuan , Tan Yubei , Li Jingjin , Xiang Yixin , Nie Xiongwei , Zhang Jinfu , Liu Fei , Zhao Shuhong , Xie Shengsong , Peng Guiqing
Published: December 2021

Emerging coronaviruses (CoVs) pose a severe threat to human and animal health worldwide. To identify host factors required for CoV infection, we used α-CoV transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) as a model for genome-scale CRISPR knockout (KO) screening. Transmembrane protein 41B (TMEM41B) was found to be a bona fide host factor involved in infection by CoV and three additional virus families. We found that TMEM41B is critical for the internalization and early-stage replication of TGEV. Notably, our results also showed that cells lacking TMEM41B are unable to form the double-membrane vesicles necessary for TGEV replication, indicating that TMEM41B contributes to the formation of CoV replication organelles. Lastly, our data from a mouse infection model showed that the KO of this factor can strongly inhibit viral infection and delay the progression of a CoV disease. Our study revealed that targeting TMEM41B is a highly promising approach for the development of broad-spectrum anti-viral therapeutics.
Protective effects of combining monoclonal antibodies and vaccines against the Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein
Authors: Wang Lawrence T. , Pereira Lais S. , Kiyuka Patience K. , Schön Arne , Kisalu Neville K. , Vistein Rachel , Dillon Marlon , Bonilla Brian G. , Molina-Cruz Alvaro , Barillas-Mury Carolina , Tan Joshua , Idris Azza H. , Francica Joseph R. , Seder Robert A.
Published: December 2021

Combinations of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against different epitopes on the same antigen synergistically neutralize many viruses. However, there are limited studies assessing whether combining human mAbs against distinct regions of thePlasmodium falciparum(Pf) circumsporozoite protein (CSP) enhancesin vivoprotection against malaria compared to each mAb alone or whether passive transfer of PfCSP mAbs would improve protection following vaccination against PfCSP. Here, we isolated a panel of human mAbs against the subdominant C-terminal domain of PfCSP (C-CSP) from a volunteer immunized with radiation-attenuated Pf sporozoites. These C-CSP-specific mAbs had limited binding to sporozoitesin vitrothat was increased by combination with neutralizing human “repeat” mAbs against the NPDP/NVDP/NANP tetrapeptides in the central repeat region of PfCSP. Nevertheless, passive transfer of repeat- and C-CSP-specific mAb combinations did not provide enhanced protection againstin vivosporozoite challenge compared to repeat mAbs alone. Furthermore, combining potent repeat-specific mAbs (CIS43, L9, and 317) that respectively target the three tetrapeptides (NPDP/NVDP/NANP) did not provide additional protection againstin vivosporozoite challenge. However, administration of either CIS43, L9, or 317 (but not C-CSP-specific mAbs) to mice that had been immunized with R21, a PfCSP-based virus-like particle vaccine that induces polyclonal antibodies against the repeat region and C-CSP, provided enhanced protection against sporozoite challenge when compared to vaccine or mAbs alone. Collectively, this study shows that while combining mAbs against the repeat and C-terminal regions of PfCSP provide no additional protectionin vivo, repeat mAbs do provide increased protection when combined with vaccine-induced polyclonal antibodies. These data should inform the implementation of PfCSP human mAbs alone or following vaccination to prevent malaria infection.
CULTURA MARÍTIMA E IMAGINARIO INSULAR EN LA CONSTRUCCIÓN HISTÓRICA DE LA IDENTIDAD DE LAS ISLAS DE LA MACARONESIA
Authors: Álvarez Santos Javier Luis
Published: December 2021

A lo largo de los siglos, se había establecido un mito alrededor de las islas Macaronesia. Con el paso del tiempo, esta construcción se ha adaptado a los diferentes paradigmas e hipótesis sobre el origen del mundo insular del Atlántico. Esta investigación se centra en el análisis de la percepción mítica e histórica que entre los isleños constituye su imaginario insular y atlántico con el objetivo de comprender el significado peculiar de la composición de la sociedad macaronésica moderna a partir de la propia experiencia adquirida. Este estudio examina el paradigma de la conceptualización del espacio con el objetivo de proponer un método de observación supranacional de las islas. Por tanto, la investigación aborda diferentes historias con el propósito de enfocar el análisis desde distintos niveles que conducen a un estudio integral de la cultura marítima de las islas de Macaronesia.
Free Amino Acid Profiles of Macedonian White Brined Cheese
Authors: Makarijoski Borche , Dimitrovska Gordana , Hristova Vesna K. , Joshevska Elena , Abdelaziz Mahmoud Mahmoud A. , Khalid Mustafa Syed , Ayaz Ahmad M.
Published: December 2021

The present work is focussed to determine the Macedonian white brined cheese’s free amino acid
profile. Four variants of the Macedonian white brined cheese to analyze and determine free amino
acid concentration; cheese samples define the Macedonian white brined cheese as a typical cheese.
All free amino acids were specified, except the amino acid tyrosine. The detected amino acids in the
tested cheese variants were present in different but approximate parameter values. The estimated
essential free amino acids, the concentration of lysine was found highest in all examined samples with
values from 26.40 ± 0.02 mg% to 28.20 ± 0.04 mg% and the concentration of threonine was the lowest
from 3.19 ± 0.02 mg% to 3.32 ± 0.02 mg%). In the detected unessential free amino acids, the
concentration of aspartic amino acid was highest in all the samples with values from 11.02 ± 0.05
mg% to 11.32 ± 0.03 mg% and the concentration of proline was at the lowest level from 4.16 ± 0.06
mg% to 4.22 ± 0.04 mg%.
in silico-Based Virtual Screening and Molecular Docking Analysis of
Phytochemicals obtained from Methanolic Extract of Cleome viscosa
Linn. by GC-MS Method for its Anticancer Activity
Authors: S. Pai K. Usha , Bodke Yadav D. , Manandhar Suman , Ranganath Pai K. Sreedhara
Published: December 2021

Cleome viscosa belonging to the family Capparidaceae, is a weed with ethano-botanical value found
in India. In the present investigation, methanolic extract of Cleome viscosa was analyzed by gas
chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to identify the important phytochemical constituents.
The GC-MS analysis of methanol from whole plant of Cleome viscosa detected the presence of 78
phytochemical compounds. Quantitative phytochemical evaluation of the methanolic extract of Cleome
viscosa was performed. These identified compounds were analyzed for their anticancer activity through
in silico molecular docking studies. Computation based in silico docking studies were done using
maestro interface. Three protein, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), epidermal growth factor
receptor (EGFR), human papilloma virus (HPV) specific to different cancers were selected for screening
of these phytochemicals. Phytomolecules with better activity and binding were shortlisted after XP
mode of docking. The dock score, glide energy and 2D binding interactions of the top five
phytochemicals with three selected proteins have been discussed. The identified hit could be a potent
inhibitor these proteins that further requires experimental validation.
A Mini-Review on Molecular Docking Studies and
Pharmacological Activities of Stevia rebaudiana
Authors: Raj Bincy , Thomas Sheena Merin , Varghese Suma , Ruba Priya M. Gnana , John Soosamma , Ramakrishna Prudhivi , Abdul Rasheed A.R.
Published: December 2021

Stevia is a small perennial shrub belonging to the Astraceae family with approximately 240 species,
which has been used as a natural sweetener. In addition to its sweetening property, it has medicinal
values and other uses. Indigenous tribes of South America were using Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni for
centuries for its medicinal value. Leaves of stevia produce diterpene glycosides (Stevioside and
Rebaudiosides), non-nutritive, non-toxic, high-potency sweeteners. The traditional medicinal system
is getting more and more appreciation nowadays, but the therapeutic targets for most of these medicines
remain unclear, which slows down the novel drug discovery from these natural products. Computational
molecular docking studies are effective tools, which are broadly utilized to identify therapeutic targets
and interpret molecular aspects of the ligand-protein interactions during drug discovery. Thus, it also
enables the extraordinary structural diversity of natural products to be harnessed in an effective manner.
The aim of this article is to present a review on the molecular docking studies and pharmacological
activities of steviol glycoside isolated from Stevia rebaudiana. In this article, the recently published
papers about Stevia rebaudiana were reviewed, using scientific sites such as Mendeley, PubMed and
Google Scholar.
Viscometric Studies of Ion Solvation of Some Alkali Metal Salts in 2-Aminoethanol +
N,N-Dimethylacetamide Binary Mixtures at 298.15 K and 308.15 K
Authors: Kumar Suresh , Anand Hardeep , Singh Narender
Published: December 2021

Densities (ρ) and viscosities (η) of lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), sodium perchlorate (NaClO4),
potassium thiocyanate (KSCN), tetrabutyl-ammonium thiocyanate (Bu4NSCN), tetrabutylammonium
tetraphenylborate (Bu4NBPh4) and tetrabutylammonium perchlorate (Bu4NClO4) were measured in
binary mixed solutions of 2-aminoethanol (AE) and N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) containing 25,
50, 60, 80 and 100 mol % DMA in the concentration range (3-500) ×10-4 mol kg-1 at 298.15 K and
308.15 K temperatures. The density and viscosity data were analyzed using the Jones-Dole equation
in the form ηr = 1 + A(C1/2) + BC for unassociated electrolytes and viscosity A and B-coefficients
were obtained from the plots of of ηr – 1/C1/2 versus C1/2. The A-coefficients obtained from the analysis
of Jones-Dole equation are positive as well as negative. The positive values indicate the solvation of
ions in solutions of binary mixtures (AE + DMA) especially in 50 and 60 mol% DMA. The viscosity
B-coefficients of all these electrolytes were positive and large in case of cations and were split into
their respective ionic (B±) coefficient values using a method reported by Gill and Sharma. The viscosity
B-coefficients values were increasing with the increase increasing DMA composition in the binary
mixed solvent system of AE + DMA but decreasing with increasing temperature from 298.15 K to
308.15 K. The obtained results indicate about the preferential solvation of ions i.e. Li+, Na+, K+, Bu4N+
and Ph4B– ions and poor solvation of ClO4
– and SCN– ions. The results also revealed that these
interactions get weaker with increase in temperature. The resulting B-coefficients and its dependence
of temperature provide useful information regarding changes in the solvent structure.
Syntheses, Characterization, Antimicrobial and DNA Cleavage Activity of
Cr(III) Complexes with Coumarin based Schiff Base Ligands
Authors: Meena Ramhari , Kumari Anita , Sharma Naveen , Fahmi Nighat
Published: December 2021

A series of biologically important complexes of chromium(III) have been synthesized by the reaction
of 3-formyl-4-chlorocoumarin hydrazinecarbothioamide (L1H) and 3-formyl-4-chlorocoumarin
hydrazinecarboxamide (L2H) with CrCl3·6H2O in 1:1 and 1:2 molar ratio. All the complexes have
been characterized by elemental analysis, molecular weight determination, melting point, conductivity
measurements, electronic, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and EPR spectroscopic techniques and X-ray
diffraction. In vitro biological screening effects of the compounds were tested against the pathogenic
bacterial and fungal species. Further, free ligands and their metal complexes have been screened for
their DNA cleavage activity. A comparative study of the biological activities of the Schiff base ligands
and their Cr(III) complexes indicates that the complexes exhibit higher antimicrobial and DNA cleavage
activity than the free ligands. Physico-chemical studies and spectral data suggested a hexa-coordinated
environment around the central metal ion.
Theoretical Designing of Novel Donor Acceptor Type Copolymer Comprising of Thiophene
Authors: Agrawal Swati , Bhalla Geetika , Bansal Usha
Published: December 2021

Using ab initio band structure results of three novel donor acceptor polymers (A)x PCDT, (B)x PMCT
and (C)x PFTh as the input, the electronic structures and conduction properties of their periodic and
aperiodic copolymer (AmBnCk)x have been investigated. The method involves using negative factor
counting method based on Dean’s negative eigenvalue theorem. In this article, the quasi-one-dimensional
Type II staggered copolymers comprising of thiophene units on the basis of the band alignments of the
constituent homopolymers were studied. The trends in their electronic structures and conduction
properties as a function of (i) block sizes (m, n, k) and (ii) arrangement of the blocks (periodic or
aperiodic) in the various copolymer chains are discussed. These trends are important guidelines to the
experimentalists for designing novel electrically conducting polymers with tailor made conduction
properties.
Computational Exploration of 1-Amidino-O-(n-butyl) Urea (ABnUH) with Natural Atomic
Orbitals, Natural Bond Orbital, Vibrational Analysis and Simulated UV-Visible Spectra
Authors: Singh Naorem Shubhaschandra , Devi Sagolsem Manimukta
Published: December 2021

Theoretical treatment of 1-amidino-O-(n-butyl)urea (ABnUH) have been performed by DFT/B3LYP
with 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set using Gaussian 09W. The compound has been analyzed on the basis of
electronic structure, hybridization of the atoms, charge delocalization, hyper-conjugative interactions,
vibrational modes, etc. NBO analysis was performed to figure out any charge transfer among the
localized bond and lone pair of the proposed compound.
Мем-летописец: репрезентация новостной повестки дня пандемии в меметическом контенте Рунета
Authors: Шомова Светлана Андреевна
Published: December 2021

Интернет-мемы относятся к тем цифровым феноменам XXI века, которые, несмотря на уже достаточную изученность в гуманитарной науке, не устают удивлять исследователей своими растущими функциональными возможностями и новыми жанровыми формами. Очередным подтверждением этому стала пандемия коронавируса, которая не только породила огромный массив меметического контента, но и продемонстрировала новые качества этих коммуникативных единиц, в частности их способность выстраивать актуальные нарративы, отражающие новостную повестку дня. В статье рассматриваются семантические, стилевые и образные характеристики мемов, воспроизводящих «коронавирусную повседневность», а также ставится вопрос о возникновении нового жанра в дискурсе Рунета, который можно обозначить как мем-сериал.
В данной статье в полном варианте представлены результаты исследования, первичные и краткие тезисы которого опубликованы в электронном виде на платформе Ridero; см.: Шомова С.А. От средневековой гравюры до пин-апа: визуальный сериал периода пандемии как новая жанровая вариация медийного контента // Когда «корона» тяжела: цифровые медиа в эпоху пандемии. М.: Издательские решения. Ридеро, 2021. Гл. 6.
Flora y vegetación de las dunas de la Playa Grande de Cartagena, una playa urbana en Chile central
Authors: Madrid Andrés , Teillier Sebastián
Published: December 2021

The flora of the Playa Grande of Cartagena in the Valparaiso Region, commune of El Tabo (33°30´S, 71°36´W), is made up of 98 species of vascular plants, 61 % of which are exotics, most feral. The vegetation is made up of five units: a Carpobrotus chilensis and Chrysanthemum coronarium grassland dominated by ruderal species, mostly feral alien species, which marks the boundary between the populated area and the dune field with the sandy beach; a Ambrosia chamissonis and Poa cumingii scrub that is typical of the primary and secondary dunes and occupies the largest vegetated area in the study area; a Nolana crassulifolia scrub, a coastal rocky rocks; and two units typical of coastal wetlands: a marsh grassland with Schoenoplectus pungens and Cotula coronopifolia, and a Typha dominguensis grassland in a water body.