bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The efficacy of illumination to reduce bycatch of eulachon and groundfishes before trawl capture in the eastern North Pacific ocean shrimp fishery
Authors: Lomeli Mark J.M. , Groth Scott D. , Blume Matthew T.O. , Herrmann Bent , Wakefield W. Waldo
Published: May 2019

This study examined the extent that eulachon (Thaleichthys pacificus) and groundfishes escape trawl entrainment in response to artificial illumination along an ocean shrimp (Pandalus jordani) trawl fishing line. Using a double-rigged trawler, we compared the catch efficiencies for ocean shrimp, eulachon, and groundfishes between an unilluminated trawl and a trawl illuminated with five green LEDs along its fishing line. Results showed a significant reduction in the bycatch of eulachon and yellowtail rockfish (Sebastes flavidus) in the presence of illumination. As eulachon are a species listed in the Endangered Species Act, this finding provides valuable information for fishery managers implementing recovery plans and evaluating potential fishery impacts on their recovery and conservation. For other rockfishes (Sebastes spp.) and flatfishes, however, we did not see the same effect as the illuminated trawl caught similarly or significantly more fishes than did the unilluminated trawl. Prior to this research, the extent that eulachon and groundfishes escape trawl capture in response to illumination along an ocean shrimp trawl fishing line was unclear. Our study has provided results to fill that data gap.
Longitudinal profiles of Extensive Air Showers with inclusion of charm and bottom particles
Authors: Müller M. A. , Gonçalves V. P.
Published: May 2019

Charm and bottom particles are rare in Extensive Air Showers, but their effects can be radical on the EASs development. If such particles show up with a large fraction of primary energy, they can reach large atmospheric depths, depositing energy in deeper layers of the atmosphere. That will cause changes at the EAS observables ([Formula: see text], RMS and [Formula: see text]), besides a considerable change in the shape of longitudinal profile energy deposit in the atmosphere. We are using for this work a modified code of an EAS simulator, CORSIKA, with production of charm and bottom particles at the first interaction of the primary cosmic ray. We will show in this paper some results to different [Formula: see text] values and different production models.
Decay of solutions of the wave equation in expanding cosmological spacetimes
Authors: Costa João L. , Natário José , Oliveira Pedro F. C.
Published: May 2019

We study the decay of solutions of the wave equation in some expanding cosmological spacetimes, namely flat Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker (FLRW) models and the cosmological region of the Reissner–Nordström–de Sitter (RNdS) solution. By introducing a partial energy and using an iteration scheme, we find that, for initial data with finite higher order energies, the decay rate of the time derivative is faster than previously existing estimates. For models undergoing accelerated expansion, our decay rate appears to be (almost) sharp.
Inflammation in myocardial injury: mesenchymal stem cells as potential immunomodulators
Authors: Yan Weiang , Abu-El-Rub Ejlal , Saravanan Sekaran , Kirshenbaum Lorrie A. , Arora Rakesh C. , Dhingra Sanjiv
Published: May 2019

Ischemic heart disease is a growing worldwide epidemic. Improvements in medical and surgical therapies have reduced early mortality after acute myocardial infarction and increased the number of patients living with chronic heart failure. The irreversible loss of functional cardiomyocytes puts these patients at significant risk of ongoing morbidity and mortality after their index event. Recent evidence suggests that inflammation is a key mediator of postinfarction adverse remodeling in the heart. In this review, we discuss the cardioprotective and deleterious effects of inflammation and its mediators during acute myocardial infarction. We also explore the role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy to limit secondary injury and promote myocardial healing after myocardial infarction.
Analysis of Cre-mediated genetic deletion of Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes of young mice
Authors: Garbern Jessica , Kristl Amy C. , Bassaneze Vinicius , Vujic Ana , Schoemaker Henk , Sereda Rebecca , Peng Liming , Ricci-Blair Elisabeth M. , Goldstein Jill M. , Walker Ryan G. , Bhasin Shalender , Wagers Amy J. , Lee Richard T.
Published: May 2019

Administration of active growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) to aged mice can reduce cardiac hypertrophy, and low serum levels of GDF11 measured together with the related protein, myostatin (also known as GDF8), predict future morbidity and mortality in coronary heart patients. Using mice with a loxP-flanked (“floxed”) allele of Gdf11 and Myh6-driven expression of Cre recombinase to delete Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes, we tested the hypothesis that cardiac-specific Gdf11 deficiency might lead to cardiac hypertrophy in young adulthood. We observed that targeted deletion of Gdf11 in cardiomyocytes does not cause cardiac hypertrophy but rather leads to left ventricular dilation when compared with control mice carrying only the Myh6-cre or Gdf11-floxed alleles, suggesting a possible etiology for dilated cardiomyopathy. However, the mechanism underlying this finding remains unclear because of multiple confounding effects associated with the selected model. First, whole heart Gdf11 expression did not decrease in Myh6-cre; Gdf11-floxed mice, possibly because of upregulation of Gdf11 in noncardiomyocytes in the heart. Second, we observed Cre-associated toxicity, with lower body weights and increased global fibrosis, in Cre-only control male mice compared with flox-only controls, making it challenging to infer which changes in Myh6-cre;Gdf11-floxed mice were the result of Cre toxicity versus deletion of Gdf11. Third, we observed differential expression of cre mRNA in Cre-only controls compared with the cardiomyocyte-specific knockout mice, also making comparison between these two groups difficult. Thus, targeted Gdf11 deletion in cardiomyocytes may lead to left ventricular dilation without hypertrophy, but alternative animal models are necessary to understand the mechanism for these findings.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY We observed that targeted deletion of growth differentiation factor 11 in cardiomyocytes does not cause cardiac hypertrophy but rather leads to left ventricular dilation compared with control mice carrying only the Myh6-cre or growth differentiation factor 11-floxed alleles. However, the mechanism underlying this finding remains unclear because of multiple confounding effects associated with the selected mouse model.
5-HT does not lower blood pressure in the 5-HT7 knockout rat
Authors: Seitz Bridget M. , Demireva Elena Y. , Xie Huirong , Fink Gregory D. , Krieger-Burke Teresa , Burke William M. , Watts Stephanie W.
Published: May 2019

The fall in mean arterial pressure (MAP) after 24 h of 5-HT infusion is associated with a dilation of the portal vein (PV) and abdominal inferior vena cava (Ab IVC); all events were blocked by the selective 5-HT7 receptor antagonist SB269970. Few studies have investigated the contribution of the 5-HT7 receptor in long-term cardiovascular control, and this requires an understanding of the chronic activation of the receptor. Using the newly created 5-HT7 receptor knockout (KO) rat, we presently test the hypothesis that continuous activation of the 5-HT7 receptor by 5-HT is necessary for the chronic (1 wk) depressor response and splanchnic venodilation. We also address if the 5-HT7 receptor contributes to endogenous cardiovascular regulation. Conscious MAP (radiotelemeter), splanchnic vessel diameter (ultrasound), and cardiac function (echocardiogram) were measured in ambulatory rats during multiday 5-HT infusion (25 μg·kg−1·min−1 via minipump) and after pump removal. 5-HT infusion reduced MAP and caused splanchnic venodilation of wild-type (WT) but not KO rats at any time point. The efficacy of 5-HT-induced contraction was elevated in the isolated abdominal inferior vena cava from the KO compared with WT rats, supporting loss of a relaxant receptor. Similarly, the efficacy of 5-HT causing an acute pressor response to higher doses of 5-HT in vivo was also increased in the KO vs. WT rat. Our work supports a novel mechanism for the cardiovascular effects of 5-HT, activation of 5-HT7 receptors mediating venodilation in the splanchnic circulation, which could prove useful in the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Results from a Phase IIb, Randomized, Multicenter Study of GVAX Pancreas and CRS-207 Compared with Chemotherapy in Adults with Previously Treated Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma (ECLIPSE Study)
Authors: Le Dung T. , Picozzi Vincent J. , Ko Andrew H. , Wainberg Zev A. , Kindler Hedy , Wang-Gillam Andrea , Oberstein Paul , Morse Michael A. , Zeh Herbert J. , Weekes Colin , Reid Tony , Borazanci Erkut , Crocenzi Todd , LoConte Noelle K. , Musher Benjamin , Laheru Dan , Murphy Aimee , Whiting Chan , Nair Nitya , Enstrom Amanda , Ferber Sandy , Brockstedt Dirk G. , Jaffee Elizabeth M.
Published: May 2019

Purpose:

Limited options exist for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer progressing after 1 or more lines of therapy. A phase II study in patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic cancer showed that combining GVAX pancreas (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells) with cyclophosphamide (Cy) and CRS-207 (live, attenuated Listeria monocytogenes expressing mesothelin) resulted in median overall survival (OS) of 6.1 months, which compares favorably with historical OS achieved with chemotherapy. In the current study, we compared Cy/GVAX + CRS-207, CRS-207 alone, and standard chemotherapy in a three-arm, randomized, controlled phase IIb trial.

Patients and Methods:

Patients with previously treated metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma were randomized 1:1:1 to receive Cy/GVAX + CRS-207 (arm A), CRS-207 (arm B), or physician's choice of single-agent chemotherapy (arm C). The primary cohort included patients who had failed ≥2 prior lines of therapy, including gemcitabine. The primary objective compared OS between arms A and C in the primary cohort. The second-line cohort included patients who had received 1 prior line of therapy. Additional objectives included OS between all treatment arms, safety, and tumor responses.

Results:

The study did not meet its primary efficacy endpoint. At the final study analysis, median OS [95% confidence interval (CI)] in the primary cohort (N = 213) was 3.7 (2.9–5.3), 5.4 (4.2–6.4), and 4.6 (4.2–5.7) months in arms A, B, and C, respectively, showing no significant difference between arm A and arm C [P = not significant (NS), HR = 1.17; 95% CI, 0.84–1.64]. The most frequently reported adverse events in all treatment groups were chills, pyrexia, fatigue, and nausea. No treatment-related deaths occurred.

Conclusions:

The combination of Cy/GVAX + CRS-207 did not improve survival over chemotherapy. (ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT02004262)

See related commentary by Salas-Benito et al., p. 5435
The Impact of Real-Time Articulatory Information on Phonetic Transcription: Ultrasound-Aided Transcription in Cleft Lip and Palate Speech
Authors: Cleland Joanne , Lloyd Susan , Campbell Linsay , Crampin Lisa , Palo Juha-Pertti , Sugden Eleanor , Wrench Alan , Zharkova Natalia
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study investigated whether adding an additional modality, namely ultrasound tongue imaging (UTI), to perception-based phonetic transcription impacted on the identification of compensatory articulations and on interrater reliability. Patients and Methods: Thirty-nine English-speaking children aged 3–12 years with cleft lip and palate (CLP) were recorded producing repetitions of /aCa/ for all places of articulation with simultaneous audio recording and probe-stabilized ultrasound (US). Three types of transcriptions were performed: (1) descriptive observations from the live US by the clinician recording the data, (2) US-aided transcription (UA) by two US-trained clinicians, and (3) traditional phonetic transcription by two CLP specialists from audio recording. We compared the number of consonants identified as in error by each transcriber and then classified errors into eight different subcategories. Results: Both UA and traditional transcription yielded similar error detection rates; however, these were significantly higher than the observations recorded live in the clinic. Interrater reliability for the US transcribers was substantial (κ = 0.65) compared to moderate (κ = 0.47) for the traditional transcribers. US transcribers were more likely to identify covert errors such as double articulations and retroflexion than the audio-only transcribers. Conclusion: UTI is a useful complement to traditional phonetic transcription for CLP speech.
INVENTÁRIO DOS BENS CULTURAIS RELATIVOS AO PLANO DE AÇÃO DO GOVERNO CARVALHO PINTO (1959-1963)
Authors: Camargo Mônica Junqueira de
Published: May 2019

O inventário desta documentação revela as diretrizes e ações de um importante Plano de Governo nunca antes perscrutado. O Plano de Ação do Governo Carvalho Pinto (1959-1963) – PAGE, como era conhecido – teve por objetivo a criação de uma tecnocracia democrática para racionalizar o serviço público e promover o desenvolvimento do Estado de São Paulo, cujos investimentos foram estruturados em três setores: 1- melhoria das condições do Homem, que incluía as áreas de educação, cultura e pesquisa; justiça e segurança; saúde pública e assistência social, e sistemas de água e esgoto; 2- infraestrutura, abrangendo energia; ferrovias; rodovias; pontes municipais; aeroportos, portos e navegação; e 3- expansão agrícola. Esses investimentos resultaram em mais de mil projetos, envolvendo cerca de 160 arquitetos, que nunca foram estudados no seu conjunto. Não mais que uma dezena é conhecida pela notoriedade de seus autores e ainda assim quase nunca relacionada ao PAGE. Dispersas em centenas de municípios do estado de São Paulo, essas obras têm sua documentação também espalhada por diversos arquivos públicos: IPESP; FECE; CPOS; SEF-USP; secretarias da Agricultura e da Saúde, além dos arquivos dos próprios arquitetos. Periódicos especializados, a grande imprensa e os depoimentos dos vários envolvidos têm revelado aspectos desconhecidos e importantes para a restituição do processo. O inventário, que vem sendo realizado sob a coordenação do IAU-USP em parceria com a FAU-USP, com apoio da Fapesp e do Condephaat, tem reunido extensa e diversificada documentação inédita que contribui ao estudo da arquitetura moderna brasileira e abre inúmeras oportunidades de pesquisa e de revisão da história desse período.
O SIPA – SISTEMA DE INFORMAÇÃO PARA O PATRIMÔNIO ARQUITETÔNICO – EM PORTUGAL
Authors: Noé Paula
Published: May 2019

Em Portugal, cabe aos serviços da administração central e local do Estado, bem como às regiões autônomas, a responsabilidade do inventário do patrimônio arquitetônico. Contudo, muitos outros organismos e associações ligados ao patrimônio procedem a inventários de âmbito temático ou geográfico distintos, com critérios e métodos diversos, resultando numa grande dispersão de recursos humanos e financeiros. Neste panorama, o Sistema de Informação para o Patrimônio Arquitetônico (SIPA), desenvolvido no âmbito do Estado e integrado em julho de 2015 na Direção-Geral do Patrimônio Cultural (DGPC), assume-se como um sistema de informação e documentação com características únicas em Portugal. O SIPA apresenta o único inventário português vocacionado para o levantamento sistemático do patrimônio arquitetônico, urbanístico e paisagístico, nacional e de origem portuguesa no mundo, acompanhando a larga abrangência do conceito de patrimônio. O SIPA desenvolve o inventário em estreita interligação com a documentação produzida sobre o patrimônio e, desde cedo, apostou na sua divulgação em larga escala, tornando-se o maior repositório digital de documentação de arquitetura em Portugal. Estes fatores, tal como o recurso às modernas tecnologias SIG, permitem produzir estudos comparativos e tipológicos inovadores sobre patrimônio arquitetônico, de que se apresentam dois casos de estudo, bem como criar subprodutos de caráter cultural e turístico, alguns dos quais divulgados no site institucional (www.monumentos.pt).
Revision of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of Mischocyttarus de Saussure (Hym.; Vespidae, Polistinae, Mischocyttarini)
Authors: SILVEIRA ORLANDO TOBIAS
Published: May 2019

A taxonomic revision of Neotropical wasps of the subgenus Kappa de Saussure of the genus Mischocyttarus de Saussure leads to recognition of 36 species, twelve of them described here for the first time: M. laurae sp. n., M. mirus sp. n., M. magdalenensis sp. n., M. paris sp. n., M. fidus sp. n., M. occiduus sp. n., M. efferus sp. n., M. acreanus sp. n., M. porantin sp. n., M. timbira sp. n., M. mysticus sp. n., and M. pertinax sp. n. Synonymies included are: M. deceptus (Fox, 1895) = M. atrocyaneus Zikan, 1949; M. imitator (Ducke, 1904) = M. goyanus Zikán, 1949  = M. communalis Richards, 1978; M. socialis (de Saussure, 1854) = M. atramentarius Zikán, 1949; M. metathoracicus (de Saussure, 1854) = M. granadaensis Zikán, 1949 = M. rectus Richards, 1978; M. injucundus (de Saussure, 1854) = M. injucundus bimarginatus (Cameron, 1912) = M. juruanus Richards, 1978 = M. jucundus Richards, 1978 = M. injucundus tingomariae Richards, 1978. Males of five species are described for the first time: M. zikaninus Richards, M. villarricanus Zikán, M. adolphi Zikán, M. latissimus Richards, and M. deceptus (Fox).
Ornithology, Arachnology and Asian Mountain Ranges—A Tribute to the Work of Prof. Dr Jochen Martens (Cover)
Authors: JÄGER PETER , PÄCKERT MARTIN , SCHWENDINGER PETER
Published: May 2019

Cover
Foreword
Authors: JÄGER PETER
Published: May 2019

Anyone involved in research into the natural history of the Himalayas will certainly come across the publications of Jochen Martens or papers based on material collected by him. The same is true for the field of avian systematics and bioacoustics and for the taxonomy and systematics of harvestmen. On the occasion of the retirement of Prof. Dr Jochen Martens from the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany, his colleagues from all over the world would like to honour him with scientific contributions compiled in this commemorative publication.
Two new species of spiders of the family Zodariidae (Araneae) from eastern Nepal
Authors: ONO HIROTSUGU
Published: May 2019

Two new species of Zodariidae of the genus Suffasia Jocqué, 1991, obtained from the easternmost part of Nepal are described under the names, Suffasia martensi sp. nov., and S. kanchenjunga sp. nov. Both new species can be distinguished from each other and from all the known species of the genus, Suffasia tigrina (Simon, 1893) from India, S. tumegaster Jocqué, 1992 from Nepal, S. attiduya Benjamin & Jocqué, 2000 and S. mahasumana Benjamin & Jocqué, 2000 from Sri Lanka by the peculiar shape of male palpal tibia. In both species, the tibia is very thick, and it has a dorsal spine in S. kanchenjunga. The females of both species have an epigynum with a long scape, which is slightly widened in front in S. kanchenjunga.
First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
Authors: LUCAS SYLVIA M. , INDICATTI RAFAEL P. , BRESCOVIT ANTONIO D. , FRANCISCO RAFAEL C.
Published: May 2019

A new species of the genus Mecicobothrium is described, M. baccai n. sp., from Blumenau, State of Santa Catarina. This is the first record of the family Mecicobothriidae in Brazil.
A new species of Simrothula (Gastropoda, Soleolifera, Veronicellidae) from Northern Brazil
Authors: GOMES SUZETE R. , PICANCO JULIANE B. , MENDES INGA L.V. , THOME JOSE W.
Published: May 2019

Simrothula paraensis sp. nov. is proposed based on specimens from Serra de Carajás, State of Pará, northern Brazil. The morphology, anatomy, jaw and radula are described and illustrated. S. paraensis differs from the other Simrothula species by having an expansion on one side of the penis glans, near the distal extremity of the penis base, a longer bursa copulatrix duct and a stronger developed accessory gland. The species is compared with the other species of the genus Simrothula, and S. prismatica is synonymized with S. fuhrmanni. This is the first record of Simrothula from Brazil.
Definition of the coronatus species-group (Hymenoptera: Bethylidae, Dissomphalus) with description of thirteen new species
Authors: ALENCAR I. D.C.C. , AZEVEDO C. O.
Published: May 2019

The following thirteen new species of Dissomphalus from the Neotropical region are described and illustrated: D. aculeatus, D. auritus, D. coronatus, D. culteratus, D. declinatus, D. decussatus, D. flexuosus, D. galeatus, D. hirtus, D. pronus, D. ramosus, D. sinatus, and D. uber. The coronatus group is suggested to accommodate them, which is defined by having mandible tridentate, sublateral tergal process with a pair of depressions, each with dense tuft of setae directed backward, antero-lateral margin of depression setose, tubercle absent, genitalia with inner apical surface of paramere generally with one seta distinctly longer than the others, ventral ramus shorter than dorsal body with at least a part inclined and tending to be convergent mesad and aedeagus with dorsal body wide with a crown-like structure. A key to the thirteen new species and a discussion of similar species are included.
A new species of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sironidae) from Eastern Slovenia
Authors: NOVAK TONE , GIRIBET GONZALO
Published: May 2019

A new species of Cyphophthalmi belonging to the Laurasian family Sironidae is described and illustrated on the basis of external anatomy and genitalia. Siro crassus sp. n., known from leaf litter from two beech forest localities in Eastern Slovenia, is a relatively large (2.2–2.6 mm in length), long-legged epigean species, in which the patella of leg IV surpasses the end of the body. The new species resembles the European Siro rubens Latreille, 1804 and S. valleorum Chemini, 1990 in the projecting female rear end, but differs from these species, among other features, in having ornamented metatarsi on all four pairs of walking legs.
Re-evaluation of the Wehrle’s salamander (Plethodon wehrlei Fowler and Dunn) species group (Caudata: Plethodontidae) using genomic data, with the description of a new species
Authors: FELIX ZACHARY I. , WOOTEN JESSICA A. , PIERSON TODD W. , CAMP CARLOS D.
Published: May 2019

Woodland salamanders of the genus Plethodon are characterized by strong ecological and morphological conservatism. One assemblage, the Wehrle’s salamander (Plethodon wehrlei Fowler & Dunn) species group, is distributed from New York to Tennessee, USA, and includes several morphological variants, four of which are sufficiently distinct to have been recognized as species in the past. For many years after two of these species were placed in synonymy, only P. wehrlei and P. punctatus Highton were recognized. A recent phylogeographic study using mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA uncovered considerable genetic diversity within the group and conservatively resurrected one of the previously synonymized forms (P. dixi Pope & Fowler). However, their analysis could not resolve all relationships among remaining populations of P. wehrlei, leaving the taxon paraphyletic. We re-evaluated the evolutionary history of this group using genomic data, recovered strong support for at least five distinct clades, and corroborated previously reported relationships. We also collected morphological data and demonstrated morphological distinctiveness for four of the five clades that we herein recognize as species. We resurrect the synonymized name P. jacksoni Newman to represent the southern clades of P. wehrlei in southwestern Virginia and North Carolina exclusive of P. dixi. In addition, we describe a yellow-spotted form of P. wehrlei endemic to the Cumberland Plateau as a new species. Although our proposed changes rectify the paraphyly of P. wehrlei, our sampling was not sufficient to resolve potential taxonomic issues remaining within the species herein recognized as P. jacksoni.
The larvae of Athripsodes longispinosus longispinosus (Martynov 1909), Athripsodes longispinosus paleochora (Malicky 1972), and Athripsodes bilineatus aegeus Malicky 1999 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae), including a discriminatory matrix to the larvae of genus Athripsodes Billberg 1820 in Greece
Authors: WARINGER JOHANN , MALICKY HANS
Published: May 2019

Larvae of three leptocerid caddisfly subspecies described in the present paper were sampled in Greece and the North Aegean island of Gökceada (Turkey). Information on the morphology of the final larval instar of each is given and the most important diagnostic features are illustrated. The subspecies are integrated into a synoptic discriminatory matrix including the currently known larvae of Greek species of genus Athripsodes. The species can be easily separated by head coloration; the morphology of the ventral apotome; setal and spinal patterns on the metadorsum, foretibiae, and anal prolegs; and by distribution. With respect to distribution, Athripsodes longispinosus longispinosus is known from Bulgaria, the Caucasus area, Turkey, the northern Greek mainland, and the Greek islands of Thasos, Lesbos, Andros, Ikaria, Naxos, and Rhodes. Athripsodes longispinosus paleochora is an endemic of the Greek island of Crete, and A. bilineatus aegeus has been recorded from the Peloponnese; the Greek islands of Euboea, Skiathos, Kithira, Andros; and Turkey.
Mechanisms for an Amplified Precipitation Seasonal Cycle in the U.S. West Coast under Global Warming
Authors: Dong Lu , Leung L. Ruby , Lu Jian , Song Fengfei
Published: May 2019

The mean precipitation along the U.S. West Coast exhibits a pronounced seasonality change under warming. Here we explore the characteristics of the seasonality change and investigate the underlying mechanisms, with a focus on quantifying the roles of moisture (thermodynamic) versus circulation (dynamic). The multimodel simulations from phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) show a simple “wet-get-wetter” response over Washington and Oregon but a sharpened seasonal cycle marked by a stronger and narrower wet season over California. Moisture budget analysis shows that changes in both regions are predominantly caused by changes in the mean moisture convergence. The thermodynamic effect due to the mass convergence of increased moisture dominates the wet-get-wetter response over Washington and Oregon. In contrast, mean zonal moisture advection due to seasonally dependent changes in land–sea moisture contrast originating from the nonlinear Clausius–Clapeyron relation dominates the sharpened wet season over California. More specifically, the stronger climatological land–sea thermal contrast in winter with warmer ocean than land results in more moisture increase over ocean than land under warming and hence wet advection to California. However, in fall and spring, the future change of land–sea thermal contrast with larger warming over land than ocean induces an opposite moisture gradient and hence dry advection to California. These results have important implications for projecting changes in the hydrological cycle of the U.S. West Coast.
Waiting to Inhale: Reducing Stigma in the Medical Cannabis Industry
Authors: Lashley Kisha , Pollock Timothy G.
Published: May 2019

When a new industry category is predicated on a product or activity subject to “core” stigma—meaning its very nature is stigmatized—the actors trying to establish it may struggle to gain the resources they need to survive and grow. To explain the process of reducing an industry category’s stigma, we take an inductive approach to understanding how actors in the U.S. medical cannabis industry collectively attempted to create and disseminate a moral public image based on healing and patients’ rights. We find that reducing category-level core stigma is a phased effort that takes place across different relational spaces. A moral agenda based on broadly acceptable values jumpstarts the process, and the industry then creates a new moral prototype reflecting these values that industry actors can identify with. Category members must publicly disidentify with the current, stigmatized prototypes and infuse the new moral prototype among their stakeholder audiences through their language and practices, creating emotional connections that lead to cognitive acceptance. This process is messy, as individual organizations often need to continue engaging in stigmatized behaviors to survive, even as they publicly disidentify with them. Our process model also identifies ways in which category emergence in core-stigmatized categories differs from the process for non-stigmatized categories.
Physician Compliance With Bronchiolitis Guidelines in Pediatric Emergency Departments
Authors: Rivera-Sepulveda Andrea V. , Rebmann Terri , Gerard James , Charney Rachel L.
Published: May 2019

An online survey was administered through the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) Section of Emergency Medicine Survey Listserv in Fall, 2017. Overall compliance was measured as never using chest X-rays, viral testing, bronchodilators, or systemic steroids. Practice compliance was measured as never using those modalities in a clinical vignette. Chi-square tests assessed differences in compliance between modalities. t tests assessed differences on agreement with each AAP statement. Multivariate logistic regression determined factors associated with overall compliance. Response rate was 47%. A third (35%) agreed with all 7 AAP statements. There was less compliance with ordering a bronchodilator compared with chest X-ray, viral testing, or systemic steroid. There was no association between compliance and either knowledge or agreement with the guideline. Physicians with institutional bronchiolitis guidelines were more likely to be practice compliant. Few physicians were compliant with the AAP bronchiolitis guideline, with bronchodilator misuse being most pronounced. Institutional bronchiolitis guidelines were associated with physician compliance.
Initiation rituals beyond psychiatric borders: A heuristic inquiry within the Sesame approach
Authors: Garbujo Gloria
Published: May 2019

Using heuristic inquiry (HI), this article focuses on the ritual form of the Sesame approach to dramatherapy. It draws on the author’s practice of facilitating dramatherapy group sessions in a psychiatric unit, working with young people who have suffered severe mental health difficulties and pose a risk to themselves and/or others. The majority had a history of trauma and had previously expressed suicidal ideation. Through exploring the author’s own embodied reflexivity, the article examines the role of dramatherapy in young people’s psychiatric care and the importance of a relational approach.
Pilot study evaluating a non-titrating, weight-based anticoagulation scheme for patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Deatrick Kristopher B , Galvagno Samuel M , Mazzeffi Michael A , Kaczoroswki David J , Herr Daniel L , Rector Raymond , Hochberg Eric , Rabinowitz Ronald P , Scalea Thomas M , Menaker Jay
Published: May 2019

Objective:

There is no universally accepted algorithm for anticoagulation in patients on veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. The purpose of this pilot study was to compare a non-titrating weight-based heparin infusion to that of a standard titration algorithm.

Methods:

We performed a prospective randomized non-blinded study of patients: Arm 1—standard practice of titrating heparin to activated partial thromboplastin times goal of 45-55 seconds, and Arm 2—a non-titrating weight-based (10 units/kg/h) infusion. Primary outcome was need for oxygenator/circuit changes. Secondary outcomes included differences in hemolysis and bleeding episodes. Descriptive statistics were performed for the continuous data, and primary and secondary outcomes were compared using Fisher’s exact test as appropriate.

Results:

Six patients were randomized to Arm 1 and four to Arm 2. There was no difference in age, pH, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, peak inspiratory pressure, positive end expiratory pressure, mean airway pressure at time of cannulation, time on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or survival to hospital discharge in the two arms. Arm 1 had a statistically higher median activated partial thromboplastin times (48 (43, 52) vs 38 (35, 42), p < 0.008) and lower LDH (808 units/L (727, 1112) vs 940 units/L (809, 1137), p = 0.02) than Arm 2. There was no difference in plasma hemoglobin (4.3 (2.5, 8.7) vs 4.3 (3.0, 7.3), p = 0.65) between the two arms. There was no difference in mean oxygenator/circuit change, transfused packed red blood cell, or documented bleeding complications per patient in each arm (p = 0.56, 0.43, 0.77, respectively).

Conclusion:

In this pilot study, a non-titrating, weight-based heparin infusion appears safe and as effective in preventing veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuit thrombotic complications as compared to a titration algorithm. Larger studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings.
Affective Naturalization: Practices of Citizenship Conferment
Authors: Kalm Sara
Published: May 2019

In an era of increased mobility, naturalization is crucial for shaping international legal and political identities. It is therefore important to move beyond the legal definition of naturalization in order to comprehend its affective and social meaning. This article develops the notion “affective naturalization” by combining the literature of affect and politics with insights from economic anthropology and by focusing on the varied practices of citizenship conferment. Through different modes of naturalization, citizenship can be offered as a gift, it can take the form of a birthright, it may be obtained as a prize that one has achieved, and it can occasionally be bought. The specific practice of conferment changes the identity of the citizenship/“thing” that is being acquired, the roles of the giver and the receiver as well as the interrelation between them. The different practices of conferment thus reflect as well as constitute social relations in differing ways.
Dedicated instruments for nano-engineering education: Integrated nano-manipulation and micro-nanomachining
Authors: Mekid Samir
Published: May 2019

Introducing Nanotechnology course with extensive lab experiments to engineering students becomes essential during their undergraduate studies. It is believed that Nanotechnology should be defined in a specific track within the undergraduate engineering curriculum. The current practice shows several universities adopting this course but with different approaches. The paper exhibits two new instruments designed to support micro/nano-technology education for engineering students. An integrated nano-manipulator and micro-machining instruments have been designed with various operations to allow more capabilities offered to students to acquire hands-on experience in labs. The students’ activities are planned to follow a planned set of units describing experimental activities and designed for the students as a roadmap for a couple of weeks, or the students’ ideas as free access after a training. With integrated functions, the instruments would allow more freedom to students to explore and investigate their curiosity.
Practice patterns and perceptions of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists towards perioperative oxygen therapy
Authors: Frei Daniel R , Beasley Richard , Campbell Douglas , Leslie Kate , Merry Alan F , Moore Matthew , Myles Paul S , Ruawai-Hamilton Laura , Short Tim G , Young Paul J
Published: May 2019

We conducted a survey of Australian and New Zealand anaesthetists to determine self-reported practice of perioperative oxygen administration and to quantify perceptions regarding the perceived benefits and risks resulting from liberal oxygen therapy delivered in a manner consistent with the current World Health Organization guidelines. In addition, we sought feedback on the acceptability of several proposed clinical trial designs aiming to assess the overall effect of liberal and restricted perioperative oxygen regimens on patient outcomes. We developed a 23-question electronic survey that was emailed to 972 randomly selected Australian and New Zealand College of Anaesthetists (ANZCA) Fellows. We received responses from 282 of 972 invitees (response rate 29%). The majority of survey participants indicated that they routinely titrate inspired oxygen to a level they feel is safe (164/282, 58%) or minimise oxygen administration (82/282, 29%), while 5% of respondents indicated that they aim to maximise oxygen administration. The mean value for targeted intraoperative fraction inspired oxygen (FiO2) was 0.41 (standard deviation 0.12). Of the survey respondents, 2/282 (0.7%) indicated they believe that routine intra- and postoperative administration of ≥80% oxygen reduces the risk of surgical site infection. Well-designed and conducted randomised trials on this topic may help to better direct clinicians' choices. A high level of willingness to participate (80% of responses) in a study designed to investigate the impact of differing approaches to perioperative oxygen administration suggests that recruitment is likely to be feasible in a future study.
Jurisdiction-Specific versus SafetyAnalyst-Default Safety Performance Functions: Case Study on Two-Lane and Multi-Lane Arterials
Authors: Vargas Hector , Raihan Asif , Alluri Priyanka , Gan Albert
Published: May 2019

Network screening is the most important step in the highway safety management process. Screening criteria based on the empirical Bayes (EB) approach are considered to be most reliable as it accounts for the regression-to-the-mean bias. However, the EB approach requires safety performance functions (SPFs), preferably calibrated to local conditions, which are often unavailable. The SafetyAnalyst software, developed by the Federal Highway Administration, automates the EB approach using the default SPFs which were developed using multiple states’ data. Local agencies are encouraged to develop jurisdiction-specific SPFs to better reflect local conditions. However, the benefits of developing local SPFs for rural and urban two-lane and multi-lane highway facilities are unclear and may vary from state to state. This research compares the performance of Florida-specific SPFs with SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs calibrated to Florida data using mean absolute deviation, mean squared predicted error, and Freeman-Tukey R-square goodness-of-fit measures. The results showed that Florida-specific SPFs generally produced better-fitted models than the calibrated SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs. In contrast, when the crash prediction capabilities of the already-available local SPFs, calibrated to the latest time period for which they will be applied, are compared with the calibrated SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs, the calibrated SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs in general were found to better predict crash frequencies compared with the existing Florida-specific SPFs calibrated to the latest data. Therefore, the local SPFs are recommended when developed using present data; however, the calibrated SafetyAnalyst-default SPFs could be used if local SPFs developed from present data are not available.
The Working Mind: A Meta-Analysis of a Workplace Mental Health and Stigma Reduction Program
Authors: Dobson Keith S. , Szeto Andrew , Knaak Stephanie
Published: May 2019

Objectives:

This article describes a meta-analysis of The Working Mind, a program that was developed to address workplace mental health. The basic program addresses issues related to stigma in the workplace, the use of a mental health continuum model to evaluate signs and indicators of mental illness, and the development of coping skills. A manager version further addresses issues such as how to work with an employee who struggles with mental health issues, workplace accommodations, and overall management issues.

Methods:

A total of 8 replications evaluated program effects on stigma, self-reported resilience, and coping abilities.

Results:

The implementation of the program was associated with moderate reductions in stigma and increased self-reported resilience and coping abilities. These results were generally consistent across settings and showed nonsignificant differences when various potential moderators of the program were evaluated (e.g., employees versus managers, public versus private sector, gender, age). Qualitative comments collected at the end of the program suggested that many program participants found the program to be helpful and that the skills were being employed.

Conclusions:

Directions for future research, including the need for a randomized trial of The Working Mind, are discussed. Overall, the results suggest that the program is successful in its aims, but further inquiry is encouraged.
From Position to Program: A Major Change for School Guidance and Counselling in the United States
Authors: Gysbers Norman C.
Published: May 2019

The evolution of guidance and counselling in the United States from a position approach to the program concept is reviewed in this article. The developmental, comprehensive guidance and counselling model that is being used by many states and local districts is discussed, followed by a presentation of the steps and tasks used by local districts in making the transition to the program concept.
Embodied minstrelsy, racialization and redemption in reggae
Authors: Haynes Jo
Published: May 2019

This article is a case study1 of a local reggae DJ (DJ Derek) lauded for transgressing musical and ethnic boundaries and produced through discourses of racialized authenticity as flexible and heroic. While DJ Derek’s ethnically stylized performance could be construed as embodied minstrelsy, other aspects of his musical capital were equally significant in the localized context and were drawn into a wider dialogue of sustainability and collective belonging defined by Caribbean migrants. I argue that ambiguous cultural figures such as Derek have an organic, productive role within local music cultures, positioned at intergenerational moments in the process of identification and belonging for ethnically diverse audiences/producers and in this case where the cultural geography of music tastes are becoming embedded within a complex set of relations among local, national and transnational cultures. It is therefore analytically instructive to examine how racist, racializing and redemptive elements intersect to produce authentically syncretic music cultures and sustain transnational identifications and belonging.
Are Antidepressant Medications Safe for Pregnant Women With Epilepsy? The Signs Point to Yes
Authors: Noe Katherine
Published: May 2019

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The Role of Language in Alexithymia: Moving Towards a Multiroute Model of Alexithymia
Authors: Hobson Hannah , Brewer Rebecca , Catmur Caroline , Bird Geoffrey
Published: May 2019

Alexithymia is characterized by difficulty identifying and describing one’s own emotion. Identifying and describing one’s emotion involves several cognitive processes, so alexithymia may result from a number of impairments. Here we propose the alexithymia language hypothesis—the hypothesis that language impairment can give rise to alexithymia—and critically review relevant evidence from healthy populations, developmental disorders, adult-onset illness, and acquired brain injury. We conclude that the available evidence is supportive of the alexithymia–language hypothesis, and therefore that language impairment may represent one of multiple routes to alexithymia. Where evidence is lacking, we outline which approaches will be useful in testing this hypothesis.
Cosmopolitan disobedience
Authors: Cooke Steve
Published: May 2019

Increasingly, protests occur across borders and are carried out by non-nationals. Many of these protests include elements that break the laws of their host country and are aimed at issues of global concern. Despite the increasing frequency of transnational protest, little ethical consideration has been given to it. This article provides a cosmopolitan justification for transnational disobedience on behalf of self and others. The article argues that individuals may be justified in illegally protesting in other states, and that in some circumstances they may do so even when laws have been legitimately constituted by the domestic constituencies of those states. Using a cosmopolitan reading of the notion of civility and of the civil realm, the article argues that transnational protests are capable of conforming to the normative and conceptual standards necessary for them to be labelled civil disobedience. As a result, they ought to carry a privileged moral status compared with other forms of protest. The article applies the All Affected Principle to argue that a democratic deficit can provide transnational protesters and resident migrants with a right to civil disobedience even where that right is not held by members of the demos they protest within.
Flavonoids Regulate Lipid Droplets Biogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Fantin Marianna , Garelli Francesca , Napoli Barbara , Forgiarini Alessia , Gumeni Sentiljana , De Martin Sara , Montopoli Monica , Vantaggiato Chiara , Orso Genny
Published: May 2019

Lipid droplets (LDs), cytosolic fat storage organelles, are emerging as major regulators of lipid metabolism, trafficking, and signaling in various cells and tissues. LDs are altered in cardiovascular and neuronal disorders, inflammation, obesity, and cancer. Flavonoids comprise different classes of molecules, characterized by a well-known antioxidant activity and a beneficial effect in several diseases. However, the cellular mechanism by which different classes of flavonoids improve health is poorly understood, in particular as far as LDs biogenesis is concerned. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster as a model system to investigate the effects of a selected group of flavonoids on larval tissues by examining LDs biogenesis. In our study, fruit flies were grown in xanthohumol-, isoquercetin-, and genistein-enriched food and larval tissues were analyzed using a LD marker. Total mRNA expression of two main enzymes (minotaur and midway) responsible for triacylglycerides synthesis was evaluated after treatments. Among the flavonoids analyzed, xanthohumol and isoquercetin resulted to be potent regulators of LDs biogenesis in a tissue-specific manner, inducing fat storage decrease in fat bodies and accumulation of LDs in nerves. Since LDs have been suggested to play a protective role against intracellular stress in nonadipocyte cells, our data support the hypothesis that some phytochemicals could act as strong modulators of LDs biogenesis in vivo. The knowledge of how different flavonoids act on lipid metabolism in different tissues can help to manage the use of phytochemicals with the aim of selectively ameliorating specific neuronal and metabolic diseases’ manifestations.
Brief recommendations for participation in competitive sports of athletes with arterial hypertension: Summary of a Position Statement from the Sports Cardiology Section of the European Association of Preventive Cardiology (EAPC)
Authors: Niebauer Josef , Börjesson Mats , Carre Francois , Caselli Stefano , Palatini Paolo , Quattrini Filippo , Serratosa Luis , Adami Paolo E , Biffi Alessandro , Pressler Axel , Rasmusen Hanne K , Schmied Christian , van Buuren Frank , Panhuyzen-Goedkoop Nicole , Solberg Erik E , Halle Martin , Gerche Andre La , Papadakis Michael , Sharma Sanjay , Pelliccia Antonio
Published: May 2019

Owing to its undisputed multitude of beneficial effects, European Society of Cardiology guidelines advocate regular physical activity as a class IA recommendation for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Nonetheless, competitive athletes with arterial hypertension may be exposed to an increased risk of cardiovascular events. Guidance to physicians will be given in this summary of our recently published recommendations for participation in competitive sports of athletes with arterial hypertension.