bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of physical exercise on the cartilage of ovariectomized rats submitted to immobilization
Authors: Simas José Martim Marques , Kunz Regina Inês , Brancalhão Rose Meire Costa , Ribeiro Lucinéia de Fátima Chasko , Bertolini Gladson Ricardo Flor
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the effects of physical exercise on cartilage histomorphometry in osteoporosis-induced rats subjected to immobilization. Methods We used 36 Wistar rats that were separated into six groups: G1, G2 and G3 submitted to pseudo-oophorectomy, and G4, G5 and G6 submitted to oophorectomy. After 60 days at rest, G2, G3, G5 and G6 had the right hind limbs immobilized for 15 days, followed by the same period in remobilization, being free in the box to G2 and G5, and climb ladder to G3 and G6. At the end of the experiment, the rats were euthanized, their tibias bilaterally removed and submitted to histological routine. Results There was significant increase in thickness of the articular cartilage (F(5;29)=13.88; p<0.0001) and epiphyseal plate (F(5;29)=14.72; p<0.0001) as the number of chondrocytes (F(5;29)=5.11; p=0.0021) in ovariectomized rats, immobilized and submitted to exercise. In the morphological analysis, degeneration of articular cartilage with subchondral bone exposure, loss of cellular organization, discontinuity of tidemark, presence of cracks and flocculation in ovariectomized, immobilized and free remobilization rats were found. In ovariectomized and immobilized remobilization ladder rats, signs of repair of the cartilaginous structures in the presence of clones, pannus, subcortical blood vessel invasion in the calcified zone, increasing the amount of isogenous groups and thickness of the calcified zone were observed. Conclusion Exercise climb ladder was effective in cartilaginous tissue recovery process damaged by immobilization, in model of osteoporosis by ovariectomy in rats.
Suspected melanoma only when the lesion is greater than 6mm may harm patients
Authors: Oliveira Filho Renato Santos de , Oliveira Daniel Arcuschin de , Souza Murilo Costa , Silva Mariane da , Brandão Mireille Darc Cavalcanti
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To analyze the distribution of larger diameter in the pathological report of cutaneous melanoma patients. Methods Data were obtained from patients seen from 1994 to 2015. Date, sex, age, maximum diameter, histological subtype, primary site, microscopic thickness, mitoses, ulceration, vertical growth phase, and regression were the variables studied. This study was approved by the National Ethics Committee - Brazil Platform. Patients were grouped into smaller diameter (≤6mm) and larger diameter (>6mm). The statistical analysis used the χ2test (p<0.05). Results Of the 292 patients analyzed, 123 were seen between 1994 and 2004, and 169 between 2005 and 2015; in that, 151 women and 141 men, mean age of 52 years. The diameters ranged from 2 to 76mm (mean of 14mm), 81 patients with smaller diameter (≤6mm) and 211 with larger diameter (>6mm). Out of 81 patients with smaller diameter, 29 had invasive melanoma, while 179 of the 211 with larger diameter were invasive. A difference was observed in frequency of vertical growth phase. Conclusion Pigmented skin lesions with diameter smaller than 6mm should not be an excluding factor for biopsies, especially when patients present risk of developing skin cancer.
Glycomics expression analysis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans of human colorectal cancer tissues and non-neoplastic mucosa by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Marolla Ana Paula Cleto , Waisberg Jaques , Saba Gabriela Tognini , Waisberg Daniel Reis , Margeotto Fernando Beani , Pinhal Maria Aparecida da Silva
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Objective To determine the presence of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix of connective tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues, since it has a central role in tumor development and progression. Methods Tissue samples from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissues were obtained from 64 operated patients who had colorectal carcinoma with no distant metastases. Expressions of heparan sulphate, chondroitin sulphate, dermatan sulphate and their fragments were analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, with the technique for extraction and quantification of glycosaminoglycans after proteolysis and electrophoresis. The statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, and Student’st test. Results The glycosaminoglycans extracted from colorectal tissue showed three electrophoretic bands in agarose gel. Electrospray ionization mass spectrometry showed characteristic disaccharide fragments from glycosaminoglycans, indicating their structural characterization in the tissues analyzed. Some peaks in the electrospray ionization mass spectrometry were not characterized as fragments of sugars, indicating the presence of fragments of the protein structure of proteoglycans generated during the glycosaminoglycan purification. The average amount of chondroitin and dermatan increased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p=0.01). On the other hand, the average amount of heparan decreased in the neoplastic tissue compared to normal tissue (p= 0.03). Conclusion The method allowed the determination of the glycosaminoglycans structural profile in colorectal tissue from neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal tissue. Neoplastic tissues showed greater amounts of chondroitin sulphate and dermatan sulphate compared to non-neoplastic tissues, while heparan sulphate was decreased in neoplastic tissues.
Sport-related concussions
Authors: Ianof Jéssica Natuline , Freire Fabio Rios , Calado Vanessa Tomé Gonçalves , Lacerda Juliana Rhein , Coelho Fernanda , Veitzman Silvia , Schmidt Magali Taino , Machado Sergio , Velasques Bruna , Ribeiro Pedro , Basile Luis Fernando Hindi , Paiva Wellingson Silva , Amorim Robson , Anghinah Renato
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of lifelong disability and death worldwide. Sport-related traumatic brain injury is an important public health concern. The purpose of this review was to highlight the importance of sport-related concussions. Concussion refers to a transient alteration in consciousness induced by external biomechanical forces transmitted directly or indirectly to the brain. It is a common, although most likely underreported, condition. Contact sports such as American football, rugby, soccer, boxing, basketball and hockey are associated with a relatively high prevalence of concussion. Various factors may be associated with a greater risk of sport-related concussion, such as age, sex, sport played, level of sport played and equipment used. Physical complaints (headache, fatigue, dizziness), behavioral changes (depression, anxiety, irritability) and cognitive impairment are very common after a concussion. The risk of premature return to activities includes the prolongation of post-concussive symptoms and increased risk of concussion recurrence.
The Basis and Applications of the Action Fluency and Action Naming Tasks
Authors: Beber Bárbara Costa , Chaves Márcia L.F.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The Action Fluency (AF) and Action Naming (AN) are different tasks involving verb generation. Evidence indicates that verb tasks yield different information from that obtained with nouns. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the information available in the scientific literature on the mechanism and clinical application of these tasks. Methods: We carried out a systematic review of the literature and the findings were presented according to clinical studies and neuroimaging studies, and to the task in question. Results: The literature contained a variety of relevant studies with different objectives, methodologies and populations. After the analysis (exclusion criteria) of the studies obtained by the search terms, only 40 studies were included in this review. Conclusion: It was possible to conclude that AF and AN involve different brain processes, and although recruiting frontal areas and circuits, other areas are also critical. These tasks may be useful for differentiating Primary Progressive Aphasias; AF might represent a new measure of executive function; finally, both these tests can be used to provide a better understanding of cognitive processes and certain diseases.
Rehabilitation of discourse impairments after acquired brain injury
Authors: Gindri Gigiane , Pagliarin Karina Carlesso , Casarin Fabíola Schwengber , Ferré Perrine , Joanette Yves , Fonseca Rochele Paz
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Language impairments in patients with acquired brain injury can have a negative impact on social life as well as on other cognitive domains. Discourse impairments are among the most commonly reported communication deficits among patients with acquired brain damage. Despite advances in the development of diagnostic tools for detecting such impairments, few studies have investigated interventions to rehabilitate patients presenting with these conditions. Objective: The aim of this study was to present a systematic review of the methods used in the rehabilitation of discourse following acquired brain injury. Methods: The PubMed database was searched for articles using the following keywords: "rehabilitation", "neurological injury", "communication" and "discursive abilities". Results: A total of 162 abstracts were found, but only seven of these met criteria for inclusion in the review. Four studies involved samples of individuals with aphasia whereas three studies recruited samples of individuals with traumatic brain injury. Conclusion: All but one article found that patient performance improved following participation in a discourse rehabilitation program.
Epilepsy in patients with Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review
Authors: Miranda Diane da Costa , Brucki Sonia Maria Dozzi
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Alzheimer's disease (AD) and epilepsy are common disorders in the elderly. Evidence demonstrates that patients with AD have an increased risk of developing epilepsy and seizures. Objective: To review epidemiological, clinical and treatment aspects of epilepsy and AD. Methods: We reviewed databases (PubMED, LiLACS, Scielo) conducting a search for manuscripts using the terms Alzheimer's disease and epilepsy. Results: Manuscripts related to the areas of interest were reviewed. Studies revealed that epilepsy is more frequent among AD patients. The combined presence of the two disorders may be related to mechanisms of neuronal hyperexcitability as a consequence of amyloid-beta protein (Ab) or phosphorylated tau accumulation, as well as to structural changes in cortical and hippocampal regions. Available data suggest that the new generation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are better tolerated in the elderly population, and may also be the best option in patients with AD and epilepsy. Conclusion: Further prospective studies involving evaluation of concomitant dementia and epilepsy, neurophysiological findings and biomarkers need to be performed.
Performance of patients with frontotemporal lobar degeneration on artistic tasks: A pilot study
Authors: Anauate Maria Cristina , Bahia Valéria Santoro , Nitrini Ricardo , Radanovic Marcia
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Several studies have addressed visuospatial and executive skills in artistic activities in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Objective: To investigate the performance of FTLD patients compared to controls on two artistic tasks. Methods: Four FTLD patients with mean age of 57 (8.7) years and schooling of 12.2 (4.5) years plus 10 controls with mean age of 62.9 (8.6) years and schooling of 12.3 (4.6) years, were assessed using the Lowenstein Occupational Therapy Cognitive Assessment (LOTCA) and by a three-stage artistic protocol including visual observation, copying and collage, based on a Sisley painting. Results: FTLD patients had lower scores than controls on Visuospatial Perception, Copy, Collage, Examiner's Observation, and Total, showing distinct patterns of performance according to FTLD sub-type: semantic PPA, nonfluent PPA and bvFTD. Conclusion: FTLD patients presented impairment in the visuospatial and executive skills required to perform artistic tasks. We demonstrated that the application of the instrument as a complimentary method for assessing cognitive skills in this group of patients is possible. Further studies addressing larger and more homogeneous samples of FTLD patients as well as other dementias are warranted.
A successful case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis without tumor treated with a prolonged regimen of plasmapheresis
Authors: Simabukuro Mateus Mistieri , Watanabe Rafael Gustavo Sato , Pinto Lécio Figueira , Guariglia Carla , Gonçalves Daniella Costa de Menezes e , Anghinah Renato
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Anti-NMDA receptor encephalitis is a severe but treatable autoimmune disease of the CNS. However, the use of immunotherapy and long-term outcomes have yet to be defined for this disease. We describe a case of an 18-year-old male diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis not associated with tumor, which did not respond to initial treatment with immunoglobulin, followed by corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide and evolved with significant clinical improvement after a prolonged course of plasmapheresis. Although it is not possible to affirm the good outcome was due solely to the prolonged plasmapheresis regimen, recently published data shows that improvement may take weeks or months to occur. This case discloses another therapeutic possibility for patients with refractory disease who fail to respond to recommended first-line and second-line therapy.
Overcoming barriers in cognitive assessment of Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Parra Mario Alfredo
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) requires a reliable neuropsychological assessment, but major barriers are still encountered when such tests are used across cultures and during the lifespan. This is particularly problematic in developing countries where most of the available assessment tools have been adapted from developed countries. This represents a major limitation as these tests, although properly translated, may not embody the wealth of challenges that a particular culture poses on cognition. This paper centers on two shortcomings of available cognitive tests for AD, namely, their sensitivity to the educational background and to the age of the individual assessed.
Use of computerized tests to assess the cognitive impact of interventions in the elderly
Authors: Oliveira Rafaela Sanches de , Trezza Beatriz Maria , Busse Alexandre Leopold , Jacob Filho Wilson
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT With the aging of the population, the possibility of the occurrence of cognitive decline rises. A number of types of intervention seek to attenuate or reverse this impairment. The use of computerized tests helps quantify the effects of interventions on cognitive function in the elderly. The objective of the present review was to analyze studies that have utilized computerized cognitive tests to determine the effects of interventions in the elderly population, describing the batteries and tests employed, the populations studied and reports by authors on the limitations or benefits of employing these tests in older adults. The review was performed on the PubMed database using the descriptors: cognitive computerized test and elderly. We retrieved 530 studies and, following analysis of their abstracts, selected 32 relevant to the subject. The studies utilized 19 different types of computerized tests and batteries to assess the interventions, which were predominantly drug trials. There were no reports on limitations in the use of the computerized tests, suggesting this type of intervention had good applicability, sensitivity, and little or no practice effects in this population.
Relationship between Mandibular Ramus Height and Masticatory Muscle Function in Patients with Unilateral Hemifacial Microsomia
Authors: Suzuki Naohiro , Miyazaki Akihiro , Igarashi Tomohiro , Dehari Hironari , Kobayashi Jun-Ichi , Miki Yoshiki , Ogi Kazuhiro , Nagai Itaru , Sonoda Tomoko , Yotsuyanagi Takatoshi , Hiratsuka Hiroyoshi
Published: January 2016

Objective

To clarify the relationship between mandibular ramus height and function of masticatory muscles in patients with hemifacial microsomia.

Design

Retrospective study of imaging and physiological data.

Setting

Images and physiological data were obtained from the records of Sapporo Medical University Hospital.

Patients

A total of 29 patients with hemifacial microsomia who showed Pruzansky grades I, II deformity.

Main Outcome Measures

Mandibular ramus height and masticatory muscle volume were evaluated with multi-detector row computed tomography. The electromyographic value was measured by the K7 Evaluation System. The hemifacial microsomia patients were classified into three groups based on the mandibular ramus height ratio of the affected and unaffected sides: group 0, > 1.00; group 1, 1.00 to 0.85; group 2, < 0.85. The Tukey-Kramer method and Games-Howell method were used to determine correlations between parameters.

Results

Decreased mandibular ramus height was significantly correlated with both reduced electromyographic values of the masseter muscle (P < .05) and the amount of mandibular lateral deviation at the time of maximum opening (P < .05) on the affected side. These differences were prominent in unilateral hemifacial microsomia patients classified as group 2.

Conclusions

Decreased mandibular ramus height may cause dysfunction of the masseter muscles but not the temporal muscle on the affected side in patients with hemifacial microsomia.
Body Image and Quality of Life in Adolescents with Craniofacial Conditions
Authors: Crerand Canice E. , Sarwer David B. , Kazak Anne E. , Clarke Alexandra , Rumsey Nichola
Published: January 2016

Objective

To evaluate body image in adolescents with and without craniofacial conditions and to examine relationships between body image and quality of life.

Design

Case-control design.

Setting

A pediatric hospital's craniofacial center and primary care practices.

Participants

Seventy adolescents with visible craniofacial conditions and a demographically matched sample of 42 adolescents without craniofacial conditions.

Main Outcome Measure

Adolescents completed measures of quality of life and body image including satisfaction with weight, facial and overall appearance, investment in appearance (importance of appearance to self-worth), and body image disturbance (appearance-related distress and impairment in functioning).

Results

Adolescents with craniofacial conditions reported lower appearance investment ( P < .001) and were more likely to report concerns about facial features ( P < .02) compared with nonaffected youth. Females in both groups reported greater investment in appearance, greater body image disturbance, and lower weight satisfaction compared with males ( P < .01). Within both groups, greater body image disturbance was associated with lower quality of life ( P < .01). The two groups did not differ significantly on measures of quality of life, body image disturbance, or satisfaction with appearance.

Conclusions

Body image and quality of life in adolescents with craniofacial conditions are similar to nonaffected youth. Relationships between body image and quality of life emphasize that appearance perceptions are important to adolescents’ well-being regardless of whether they have a facial disfigurement. Investment in one's appearance may explain variations in body image satisfaction and serve as an intervention target, particularly for females.
Structural Fat Grafting to Improve Reconstructive Outcomes in Secondary Cleft Lip Deformity
Authors: Jones Christine M. , Morrow Brad T. , Albright William B. , Long Ross E. , Samson Thomas D. , Mackay Donald R.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To describe the technique and results of structural fat grafting in cleft lip revision, including patient satisfaction and aesthetic outcome.

Design

Retrospective case series

Setting

Multidisciplinary cleft care center.

Patients

All patients who underwent structural fat grafting between June 2006 and September 2012 for cleft lip revision, with appropriate photographic follow-up included. Twenty-two cases were reviewed; 18 had sufficient data to be included.

Interventions

Patients underwent structural fat grafting for cleft lip revision, most commonly injecting fat under deficient philtral columns, the nostril base, and upper lip.

Main Outcome Measures

Blinded observers rated outcomes using the Asher-McDade nasolabial appearance rating scale. Patients completed questionnaires assessing their satisfaction. A paired Student's t-test was used to test outcomes for significance (alpha = 0.05).

Results

Patients were an average of 16 years old (range 6-43); average length of follow up was 11.7 months. Overall symmetry and aesthetics were improved based on the nasal form ( P = 0.006) and vermillion border (P - 0.04) when rated using the Asher-McDade scale. No complications were recorded. Patients were significantly happier with their appearance after fat grafting (P < 0.001) and were uniformly positive when questioned about the ease of the surgery and rate of recovery.

Conclusions

Structural fat grafting is a safe and effective way to improve symmetry and enhance facial proportions in patients with cleft lip. Given the high degree of patient satisfaction, few complications, and durable results, fat grafting offers many advantages in cleft lip revision.
National Estimates of and Risk Factors for Inpatient Revision Surgeries for Orofacial Clefts
Authors: Thompson Jeffrey A. , Heaton Pamela C. , Kelton Christina M.L. , Sitzman Thomas J.
Published: January 2016

Objective

To provide national estimates of the number and cost of primary and revision cleft lip and palate surgeries in the U.S. and to determine patient and hospital characteristics associated with disproportionate use of revision surgery.

Design

Retrospective cross-sectional study using data obtained from the 2003, 2006, and 2009 Kids’ Inpatient Database.

Setting

Inpatient.

Patients

Children with CL, CP, or CLP undergoing inpatient cleft lip and/or palate surgery.

Interventions

Inpatient cleft lip and/or palate surgery.

Main Outcome Measures

Orofacial cleft surgery estimates, estimates of primary versus revision surgeries, and estimated inflation-adjusted hospitalization costs.

Results

In 2009, there were a total of 2824 and 5431 hospitalizations for cleft lip and palate surgeries, respectively. Revision surgery accounted for 24.2% of cleft lip surgeries and 36.8% of cleft palate surgeries. Children with CLP (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.48-2.38), a syndromic diagnosis (OR 1.47, 95% CI: 1.16-1.87), or private insurance (OR 1.71, 95% CI: 1.41-2.09) were more likely to undergo cleft lip revision surgery. Similar risk factors were found for children undergoing cleft palate revision. Mean cost per hospitalization ranged from $7564 to $8393 in 2009, depending on surgery type, and did not change significantly (in 2009 U.S. $) between 2003 and 2009.

Conclusions

Interventions to reduce revision surgery by improving results of primary surgery should be targeted in the population of identified high-risk (e.g., syndromic) patients. In addition, the association of health insurance status with revision surgery highlights the need to understand and address the impact of economic disparities on cleft care delivery.
Fetal Development of Human Oral Epithelial Pearls with Special Reference to Their Stage-Dependent Changes in Distribution
Authors: Kim Ji Hyun , Jin Zhe Wu , Shibata Shunichi , Yang Jae Do , Murakami Gen , Rodríguez-Vázquez José Francisco , Cho Baik Hwan
Published: January 2016

Objective

To access detailed distribution and age-dependent changes of oral epithelial pearls.

Design

Investigation and analysis with human fetal serial sections.

Setting

Institute of Embryology.

Methods

This study examined serial frontal sections of the upper and lower jaws of 19 human fetuses at 12 to 18 weeks and of the lower jaws of four late-stage fetuses.

Results

The upper jaw contained more than 20 midline and more than 60 lateral pearls greater than 20 μm in diameter, whereas the lower jaw contained fewer than 30 pearls of the same size. Midline pearls in the upper jaw were often cylindrical or rugby-ball shaped, whereas all pearls in the lower jaw were small and spherical. Epithelial pearls in the upper jaw started developing along the upper midline until 12 weeks; lateral pearls and additional midline pearls (or strictly, paramedian pearls) developed until 15 weeks. In the lower jaw, however, pearl development started at 18 weeks and was almost always from the dental lamina. Some of the fetuses assessed had an open nasopalatine canal without a duct, but there was no fibrous connection between this canal and pearls. Similarly, the lip frenulum or incisive suture was not connected with these pearls.

Conclusion

The timing and sequence of development suggest that postfusion rupture of the palate by midline pearls was unlikely.
Knotweed Management Strategies in North America with the Advent of Widespread Hybrid Bohemian Knotweed, Regional Differences, and the Potential for Biocontrol Via the PsyllidAphalara itadoriShinji
Authors: Clements David R. , Larsen Todd , Grenz Jennifer
Published: January 2016

Invasive species with distributions that encompass much of the North American environment often demand a range of management approaches, for several key reasons. Firstly, the North American environment includes a large number of highly variable habitats in terms of climatic, edaphic, and landscape features. Secondly, these regional habitat differences are accentuated by jurisdictions within Canada and the United States, whereby approaches and available resources differ at local, regional, and national scales. Another important consideration is whether an invasive species or complex also possesses genetic variation. All three of these factors render the knotweed complex in North America a highly variable target for management. In this paper we review existing knowledge of the variable nature of knotweed species (Fallopia japonica(Houtt.) Ronse Decr.,Fallopia sachalinensis(F. Schmidt ex Maxim) Ronse Decr., andFallopia×bohemica, (Chrtek and Chrtková) J. P. Bailey in North America, and evaluate how herbicidal, mechanical and biological control measures must account for this genetic variation, as well as accounting for regional differences and the potential northward expansion of knotweed under climate change. The imminent release of the psyllid,Aphalara itadoriShinji as a biological control agent in North America must also navigate regional and genetic differences. Prior European experience dealing with the three knotweed species should prove useful, but additional research is needed to meet the emerging challenge posed byF.×bohemicain North America, including the possibility of glyphosate resistance. Managers also face challenges associated with posttreatment restoration measures. Furthermore, disparities in resources available to address knotweed management across the continent need to be addressed to contain the rapid spread of this highly persistent and adaptable species. Linking practitioners dealing with knotweed “on the ground” with academic research is a crucial step in the process of marshalling all available resources to reduce the rapidly spreading populations of knotweed.
Modelling deformation during the construction of wrapped geogrid-reinforced structures
Authors: Scotland I. , Dixon N. , Frost M. , Fowmes G. , Horgan G.
Published: January 2016

Although geogrids and geotextiles have been successfully used for over a quarter of a century to reinforce soil, there are currently no commonly agreed analytical methods to model their deformation behaviour. The serviceability limit state is becoming an ever more important design consideration, as structures are built with increasingly tighter tolerances. Although there are many deformation databases and design charts available, providing information and guidance on the sensitivity to certain design variables, these are largely focused on facets such as height, shear strength and geogrid ultimate strength and do not consider construction method. Following a review of existing analytical and empirical guidance, this paper presents numerical modelling-derived guidance for flexible faced geogrid-reinforced structures constructed using cohesionless fill that incorporates installation methods. The modelling approach is validated against measured results from three varied case studies, before analysing the changes in deformation distribution resulting from two different construction methods (layer-by-layer and full height construction). For the conditions analysed, including height of the structure, the lateral deformation resulting from layer-by-layer construction, was shown to be consistently greater, than for full height construction. In contrast, an analysis of post-construction deformation, for each of the construction methods, found full height construction to be more sensitive to post-construction loading, for the conditions considered. For low wall height structures constructed using the layer-by-layer method, < 5 m, the present study indicates that horizontal face deformations are underestimated by current guidance.
Mortality and Risk Stratification of HIV Infected Individuals
Authors: Heltemes Bradley R.
Published: January 2016

For the first decade and a half after the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) was first identified, the prognosis for most people infected with HIV was quite poor. Life insurance companies responded accordingly and insurance laboratories developed new means to test for the infection. However, it is now clear that people with HIV infection are living longer and that the majority of deaths occurring among those on treatment are now no longer due to AIDS-defining illnesses. This review examines the results of selected studies which analyzed mortality outcomes in those with HIV infection, the many factors which influence those outcomes, and the limitations in the data and in their applicability to an insurance population.
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Authors: Williams David S.
Published: January 2016

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency is an inherited disorder that may cause severe lung and liver disease.
Documenting And Communicating Methods Used In Interdisciplinary Research And In Research Implementation
Authors: Bammer Gabriele
Published: January 2016

In this opinion editorial, New Water Policy and Practice International Advisory Board member Prof Gabriele Bammer (National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Australia) draws inspiration from her work in developing Integration and Implementation Sciences, a new discipline providing concepts and methods for conducting research on complex, real‐world problems, and discusses the importance of documenting and communicating methods used in interdisciplinary research and in research implementation. Gabriele recognises that this is a key challenge of interdisciplinary research and proposes ways that contributors to New Water Policy and Practice Journal can help set the direction for interdisciplinary research.
Uso da argila no processo produtivo da cerâmica vermelha: Um estudo de caso no município de Paudalho, Pernambuco
Authors: Paz Y. M. , Holanda R. M. , El-Deir S. G.
Published: January 2016

As frações granulométricas do solo são consideradas recursos naturais não renováveis, devido a escala de tempo necessária para sua formação. A argila possui elevada disponibilidade na natureza, e por isso seu uso ainda é indiscriminado. É a matéria-prima principal para as indústrias de cerâmica vermelha pulverizadas em todo o território brasileiro. O objetivo do trabalho foi realizar uma discussão acerca do recurso natural não renovável argila e seu uso no processo produtivo da Indústria de cerâmica vermelha. Este foi desenvolvido através de pesquisa bibliográfica, e estudo de caso com realização de visitas técnicas a uma indústria de cerâmica vermelha localizada no município de Paudalho no estado de Pernambuco. No ano de 2013 a Indústria X adquiriu para estoque e consumo 70.161 toneladas, para uma produção de 35.806.268 blocos de cerâmica. De todo o quantitativo produzido houve uma perda de 7,5%, que reflete em 4.768 toneladas de argila e num prejuízo aproximado de R$ 845.835,52. Através do trabalho realizado percebe-se que há uma necessidade de planejamento da exploração e uso dos recursos naturais não renováveis, pois estes podem se tornar escassos e inviabilizar determinados processos produtivos. Isso pode acarretar em conflitos sociais e econômicos, pela valoração dos recursos e diminuição de disponibilidade para uso, ocasionando redução dos lucros por parte dos empresários e por consequência diminuição na oferta de empregos.Use of clay in the production process of the Red Ceramics: A case study in the city of Paudalho, Pernambuco Abstract: The fractions of soil are considered non-renewable natural resources, because the time scale required for its formation. Clay has high availability in nature, and therefore its use is still indiscriminate. It is the main raw material for the manufacture of red ceramic sprayed throughout the Brazilian territory. The objective was to conduct a discussion of non-renewable natural resource clay and its use in industry's production process of red ceramic. It was developed through literature review and case study of technical a red ceramic industry in the municipality of Paudalho in Pernambuco state visits. In 2013 the X Industry acquired for stock and consumption 70,161 tons, for a production of 35,806,268 ceramic blocks. The entire quantity produced there was a loss of 7.5%, which reflects in 4,768 tons of clay and an approximate loss of R $ 845,835.52. Through work is noticed that there is a need for planning of exploration and use of non-renewable natural resources, as they may become scarce and derail certain production processes. This can lead to social and economic conflicts, the valuation of resources and reduced availability for use, resulting in lower profits for entrepreneurs and consequently decrease in the supply of jobs.
The Femoral Prosthesis Fracture Analysis around Femur after Hip Replacement
Authors: Xu Yuehao
Published: January 2016

Objective: To investigate the clinical effects of patients with femoral prosthesis fracture phenomena after the application of locking plate fixation for hip replacement surgery. Method: 78 cases of postoperative patients with periprosthetic femoral fracture phenomenon after hip replacement were selected and divided randomly into a control and treatment group, respectively, with an average of 39 cases per group. The control group was treated with the shape memory alloy inner ring fixing technology whereas the locking plate fixation was applied for the treatment group. Result: Fracture treatment around the femoral prosthesis in patients of treated group was better in comparison to the control group. Significantly, the treatment group revealed shorter duration of hospitalization, the recovery of limb weight-bearing capacity and the healing process as compared to  the control group. Harris scores were significantly higher in the treated group in contrast to the control group. Additionally, lower adverse reaction rate was found in the treatment group as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Obviously, patient who have femoral periprosthetic fracture phenomena after receiving hip replacement were likelihood to be treated with the locking plate fixation technique.
Clinical Control and Study of Bleeding after Tooth Extraction
Authors: Li Hua
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the clinical prevention and treatment of hemorrhage after tooth extraction. Method: Between March 2013 and April 2014, 352 patients in our hospital experiencing hemorrhage after tooth extraction were observedwith the clinical data retrospectively analyzed and the causes of bleeding summarized. A specific control scheme was developed. 148 patients were selected from July 2014 to August 2015 in our hospital for tooth extractions. Patients were randomly divided into two groups, the observation group and the control group, consisted of 74 patients in each group. The control group was treated with routine extraction methods and the observation group was treated with new extraction methods. Results: There were 3 cases of tooth extraction hemorrhage in the observation group accounting for 4.1%, including alveolar hemorrhage in 1 case, granulation or foreign body hemorrhage in 2 cases;with all cases of haemorrhage within 12 h of extraction. In the control group, there were18 hemorrhage cases, accounting for 24.3%, including alveolar hemorrhage in 4 cases,bleeding gums in 3 cases, granulation or foreign body hemorrhage in 5 cases and othercauses of bleeding in 6 cases; with all cases of haemorrhage within 24 h of extraction.Satisfaction survey results showed that the satisfaction of the observation group was 4,higher than the control group by 98.6%. Conclusion: After tooth extraction, the effectsof bleeding and treatment were notable, and thus this approach can be further promoted.
Comparison and Analysis of Electronic Voltage Transformer Based on Voltage Detection
Authors: Wang Yanxia , Zhai Xingcang
Published: January 2016

The electronic voltage Transformer (EVT) constitutes key equipment in the intelligent substation; during the half-a-century development, numerous categories have emerged. By analysis and comparison of the working mechanisms and features of various electronic voltage transformers, we have concluded the strengths and defects in various mechanisms and impact factors on the features of voltage transformer and raised specific measures to reduce the impact and problems found in the design. The findings have revealed that ECVT is the mainstream product in the electronic voltage transformer market but interim measuring accuracy requires for improvement; ERVT is limited by the resistance power and insulating property, and not applicable to the higher voltage level; OVT assures excellent measuring quality in the sensing mechanism. However, the application progress will be slowed down due to several factors: the complex production process, measuring precision easily affected by light power fluctuation and temperature change and transmission by optical fibers with a little effect in simplifying insulation and trimming cost.
Brief Discussion of Surveying Technology of Three-dimensional Digital Topographic Map
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wang Yan , He Haiyan
Published: January 2016

3D digital Topographic drawing adopts 3D profile technology and demonstrates geographic space phenomenon to users, reflects the space features of geographic entity in an integrated and accurate manner and thus realizes even more complete, accurate and straight-forward expression of the objective world. It can not only express the plane relationship between space objects, but also accurately describe and express the ground elevation and geometric object height which upgrade the space expression ability and measuring level of digital map and enhance the space acknowledge ability and analytic ability of map. This article aims to elaborate on 3D digital topographic drawing in three aspects: surveying, mapping and application; mainly introduce the mapping methods of 3D topography and geometric object, integrated matching technologies of topographic model and geometric object model and application of 3D digital topographic drawing. It is expected to have a positive promotion role in the development of 3D GIS.
Analysis of Systematic Nursing Intervention on High-altitude Pulmonary Edema
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng
Published: January 2016

Objective: To analyze the effect of a nursing intervention program in patients with high altitude pulmonary edema, and to provide a guideline for clinical nursing work. Methods: A total of 52 cases of patients suffering from high-altitude pulmonary edema were divided into two groups. The control group was given routine nursing intervention, while the experimental group was given a systematic nursing intervention. The disappearance of cyanosis and pulmonary rales in both groups of patients over time were compared and the results were statistically analyzed. Results: In the experimental group, both cyanosis and pulmonary rales disappeared faster compared the routine group. The comparison between patients in both groups was significantly different (p < 0.05). The level of anxiety among patients of the experimental group is also significantly lower than the patients in the control group (p < 0.05). In both groups, the difference was not significant (p > 0.05) before treatment and the clinical symptom score of the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It is effective to implement a systematic nursing intervention program in caring for patients with high-altitude pulmonary edema and it is suitable for clinical application.
Analysis on Reasons for Post-Operative DVT of Patients with Lower Limb Fracture in Mining Area and Early Nursing Intervention
Authors: Liu Yunjian
Published: January 2016

Objective: To explore the effectiveness of the early nursing intervention in preventing postoperative deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of patients with lower limb fractures in the mining area. Methods: One hundred (100) patients with lower limb fracture in our hospital were evenly and randomly divided into two groups, namely the observation group and the control group respectively. The early nursing intervention was applied on patients in the observation group, and conventional orthopedic postoperative nursing was applied on patients in the control group. Results: Among 100 patients selected, 15 patients were elderly, accounting for 15%, 26 patients suffered from the obesity, accounting 26%, there were 25 patients with hypertension, accounting for 25%, 16 patients suffered from diabetes, accounting for 16%, 8 patients suffered from anemia, accounting for 8%, 38 patients had hobbies on the alcohol and tobacco, accounting for 38%, 9 patients had lower limb varicose veins, accounting for 9%, and 35 patients suffered from lower extremity edema, accounting for 35%. The incidence of DVT of patients in the observation group was obviously lower than that of patients in the control group, and the difference was of statistical significance. Conclusions: Early nursing intervention can effectively reduce the incidence of postoperative DVT of patients with lower limb fractures, and it contributes to early recovery of patients.
Preoperative Care of Laryngoscope Facilitated Vocal Polyp Excision under General Anesthesia
Authors: Feng Cuiping , Chen Lanfang , Wang Jianqiong
Published: January 2016

Objective: To study the nature of preoperative nursing care of a Laryngoscope facilitated vocal polyp excision procedure using general anesthesia. Methods: Clinical data from 238 cases of the aforementioned laryngoscope procedure from May 2012 to May 2014 in our hospital’s Otolaryngology department was collected. Psychological nursing was administered including preoperative preparation, postoperative monitoring, close observation of vital signs, post-operative nursing, diet, care, and also enhanced nursing skills such as discharge guidance. Results: 238 cases of vocal cord polyp patients were all completely cured and discharged, there was no postoperative infection and other complications. After reviewing the condition of the vocal cords, primarily if the sutures at the incision are fine, there is apparent improvement. Conclusion: The laryngoscope facilitated vocal polyp excision under general anesthesia procedure can deliver satisfying results when coupled with close patient observation and improved understanding of diseases by the preoperative nurses.
The Influence of Nursing Intervention on Diabetic Patients with High Blood Pressure
Authors: Wu Yun
Published: January 2016

Objective: To observe the clinical symptoms of diabetes patients with high blood pressure, highlighting the influence and application value of nursing intervention on diabetic patients with hypertension. Methods: The data of 80 cases of diabetic patients with high blood pressure in our hospital from December 2011 to January 2011 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were randomly divided into the experiment group and the control group. There were 40 patients of each group. Both patient groups were treated by the same means, subsequently, the control group were given routine nursing, while the experimental group were given programmed nursing to conduct care intervention. Finally, both clinical nursing effects were compared. Results: The numbers of patients with curative effect evaluation in the experimental group were marked higher than the control group patients. In terms of nursing satisfaction, the number of satisfied patients was larger than the control group, and the difference of the two groups was statistical significance (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Nursing intervention can strengthen the therapeutic effect of drugs, help to improve the cognitive ability of diabetic patients clinically which also improves the quality of life of the patients.
The Application and Practice of Humanistic Care in the Emergency Department
Authors: Fu Yuehuan
Published: January 2016

Objective: To study the application of humanized nursing in the emergency room, hence seek more suitable care model for emergency nursing. Methods: By reviewing the 521 patients visited to the hospital emergency department in April 2013 to May 2014, the patients were divided into control group and experimental group in accordance with the principle of voluntary and the principle of random. The control group has a total of 260 patients with normal nursing model. The experimental group has a total of 261 patients with the humanized nursing mode. Patients satisfaction degree was investigated after the nursing care. Results: The satisfaction questionnaire Results show that the satisfaction degree of experimental group patients was significantly higher than the control group patients (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Humanistic nursing can effectively improve the emergency department patients satisfaction degree, help to improve the quality of service, and has value for clinical promotion.
Study on the Internal Nursing Care of 74 Patients with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Authors: Song Xiaohong
Published: January 2016

Objective: To study the reasonable nursing methods of upper gastrointestinal bleeding by summarizing internal nursing care experience. Methods: Seventy four cases of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding from 2010 to 2011 in our hospital were selected. All cases were divided into two groups. The control group: 37 cases were treated with the conventional nursing; the experimental group: 37 cases were treated with conventional nursing and strengthening psychological intervention as well as health education. Differences between the two groups in anxiety, depression index before and after nursing and nursing satisfaction were used to evaluate the nursing effect of the two groups of patients. Results: On the basis of the control group, the experimental group had an SAS score (39.67 ± 3.75) and an SDS score (41.35 ± 2.59). The control group had an SAS score (52.34 ± 2.25) and an SDS score (51.14 ± 1.38). Different results between the two groups were significant in Statistics, p < 0.05; moreover, 32 cases were satisfied in the experimental group, the nursing satisfaction was 86.49% and 26 cases were satisfied in the control group, the nursing satisfaction was 70.27%. Different results between the two groups were significant in Statistics, p < 0.05. Conclusion: On the basis of conventional nursing, it was helpful to promote the patients’ physical and mental health by strengthening psychological intervention and health education of disease related knowledge; it was worthy of clinical promotion.