bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of gender equality among graduates of anesthesiology residency in the last decade: A national data analysis
Authors: Canikli Adiguzel Senay
Published: October 2023

Aim: Despite the global upward trend in the representation of female doctors, certain medical specialties continue to exhibit a notable gender disparity. The presence of an equitable gender distribution within the healthcare sector has been shown to enhance the overall quality of service provision and has the potential to enhance performance outcomes. The objective of our research is to examine the gender composition of anesthesiology and reanimation professionals in Turkey.Methods: Data was collected regarding physicians who successfully completed their anesthesiology and reanimation specialization training and subsequently participated in the state service obligation lottery since the year 2013. Data provided by the General Directorate of Management Services of the Republic of Turkey Ministry of Health. The gender of the specialist physicians in the specified time period and the type of hospital they trained in were collected.Results: There were 1249 males and 1400 females among the 2649 specialists with no difference in the gender distribution. Upon conducting separate annual evaluations, there were significant increases in the proportions of men in the years 2017 and 2021, as well as women in the years 2019 and 2023. Additionally, 852 of them had received specialization from training hospitals and 1797 from university hospitals. Over the course of a decade, there was an absence of variation in the hospital preferences of anesthesiologists with regards to gender distribution. However, in the subsequent years of 2018, 2021, and 2023, female anesthesiologists exhibited a significantly higher preference for these hospitals. In 2019, a notable trend was observed wherein female anesthesiologists from university hospitals, while in 2021, male anesthesiologists demonstrated a similar inclination.Conclusions: In Turkey, the field of anesthesiology and reanimation demonstrates a balanced gender distribution in terms of expertise. There is no discernible disparity in the gender distribution among anesthesiologist' hospital preferences.
DETERMINING THE IMPACT OF TOURISM ON THE ENVIRONMENT BY EXTRACTING THE CARBON FOOTPRINT OF ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE IN NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS – CASE STUDY OF THE UČKA NATURE PARK
Authors: Grofelnik Hrvoje , Kovačić Nataša
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The research is based on the thesis that if the impacts of tourism on the environment were reduced to a local carrying capacity of the environment, then the global impact of tourism on the environment would be fully sustainable. In this light, the purpose of this research is to measure the local impact of tourism related road traffic on the environment on the example of the Učka Nature Park. Methodology – The carbon footprint of road traffic in the Učka tunnel was calculated using the carbon footprint methodology. The footprint was measured in the period from 2015 to 2020 on a monthly basis in order to gather database for analysing the seasonality of CO2 emissions, taking into account the local biocapacity of the environment. Findings – The total carbon footprint of traffic in the Učka tunnel from 2015 to 2020 is the result of an average volume of 3,204,375 vehicles per year. This amount of road traffic emitted an average of 2934.3 tons of CO2 per year. On a yearly basis 4.45% of the total biocapacity of the Učka Nature Park or 687.9 lha is needed to absorb carbon emissions from the Učka tunnel. The share of tourism in the total carbon footprint of road traffic in the Učka tunnel during the observed period at the annual level is 30.5%. Contribution – The paper contributes to the discussion of the local impact of tourism related to road traffic. Specifically, the paper aims to raise awareness and encourage the scientific community to research more local case studies that will measure the concrete impact of tourism on the environment. The applied contribution of the work is expressed through the measured value of the total and specifically separated tourist carbon footprint and contributes to the expansion of the database that would enable objective, measurable and sustainable spatial management.
CAN GENERATION Z IMPLEMENT SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN TOURISM?
Authors: Krstinić Nižić Marinela , Butković Ivan
Published: October 2023

Purpose – In the context of tourism, which is strongly focused on service delivery and a direct relationship with guests, employees can play a key role in implementing sustainability. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the attitudes of students, i.e. Generation Z (1995-2002), as new employees entering the labor market and their role in the implementation of sustainable development in tourism. Methodology – A qualitative survey was conducted on a sample of 100 students from all years of study at the Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management (N=100) University of Rijeka. The survey was based on existing research. The main research question is: As a new workforce, is Generation Z ready to implement the principles of sustainable development in tourism and do they understand the importance of sustainable development in their early career? Findings – The results show the perception of Generation Z's attitudes as a new sustainable workforce, i.e., the green generation. Sustainability is important to them, but they put career success first. They place a high value on implementing sustainable development measures in their daily lives, but believe that they cannot make a greater contribution to sustainability at the beginning of their careers. They believe that the key role in implementing sustainability lies with management. Contribution – Many studies have been conducted on Generation Z as a workforce and how best to identify their wants and needs, but few of them have addressed the link between sustainable development and Generation Z careers in tourism. Therefore, this paper attempts to fill this research gap. Based on the research conducted, the authors analyze the attitudes of Generation Z and conclude that it is necessary to continuously educate students as a new workforce to become a green generation. This conclusion also represents the practical contribution of the work. The contribution of the work will be recognized not only by future researchers working on similar issues, but also by employers who want to attract and retain new workers for tourism.
EXPLORING MOTIVATIONS AND SOCIO-CULTURAL IMPACTS OF ERASMUS+ STUDENTS IN RIJEKA, CROATIA
Authors: Palfi Timea , Siegel Lauren A. , Šegota Tina
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The Croatian city of Rijeka has been a popular enclave for students participating in the Erasmus+ study exchange program, which has led to a shift in the relations between the local community (as hosts) and the student visitors (as guests). By applying the concept of the hostguest-relationship in this context, this study explores the student perceptions of Rijeka as a studyabroad destination, the degree of cultural exchange between locals and student visitors, and the overall footprint of Erasmus+ students on local communities in Rijeka. Methodology – An online questionnaire was distributed to Rijeka’s residents (n=93) and Erasmus students (n=114). Two surveys were designed to explore their attitudes and the factors influencing the host-guest relationship from both perspectives. Findings – The findings were analysed from both the perspectives of the students and the residents. The motivating factors influencing students participating in the Erasmus+ program included the landscape, rich natural attractions, affordability, proximity to other travel destinations, culture, and safety. From the local host perspective, the findings indicate that locals have a very positive perception of international students in Rijeka, with attributes assigned to them such as “wellbehaved” and “friendly”. Hence, contrary to some studies that showed that students might elicit residents’ negative perceptions, Rijeka’s residents were happy to accept them as a part of the community. Contribution – This study applies past research in host/guest relationships to a student exchange scenario. The practical implications for local stakeholders in Rijeka are to extend their offerings of cultural experiences to international students. In addition, identifying the quality of interaction between locals and visitors has implications for hospitality and tourism businesses.
THE CORPORATE SECURITY IN SLOVENIAN NATURAL SPAS
Authors: Repnik Sebastjan , Marulc Elena
Published: October 2023

Purpose – This research aims to develop the theoretical framework and practice of corporate security in tourism. The research provides an analysis resulting in findings and conclusions which can be implemented to reduce the risk and ensure suitable security within spas tourism. The objectives of the research are to research, analyse, compare, review and critically evaluate contemporary domestic and foreign literature and sources in the field of corporate security in spa tourism; to have a deep insight into the concept of corporate security in natural spas as the managers and stakeholders of the research have; the development of a new conceptual model of corporate security in spas. Methodology – The empirical part of the research is designed as a case study that focuses on the research of corporate security in spas. The qualitative part is based on a purposive sample of the leading experts in the field of security in health resorts. The external stakeholders we performed group interviews with were: chief firefighters in the region where the health resort was located and chiefs of police. Both cases represent purposive samples of the most knowledgeable informants. The purposive sample of health resorts was selected based on business ties. The analysis of data was based on the content analysis method where the collected data were processed via Atlas.ti software and manual processing. Findings – The natural spas studied try to ensure the subjective dimension of safety/security and maintain diversity by providing an objective dimension of safety/security, which is the result of the qualitative part of the research. Contribution – This research will contribute to the body of knowledge with the base of corporate security aspects in spas.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN USING TOURIST MOBILE APPLICATIONS AND THE SATISFACTION OF YOUNG VISITORS OF A TOURIST DESTINATION
Authors: Gračan Daniela , Šerić Honović Nikolina , Lopatny Maja Lena
Published: October 2023

Purpose – The development of today's tourism is almost impossible to imagine without understanding the inclusion of technology. Not long after the emergence of the Internet, tourism began to take advantage of its benefits. This paper presents the attitudes of tourists on the importance of implementation of mobile applications before and during a visit to a tourist destination. Therefore, the aim of the paper is to explore the extent to which young visitors use mobile applications during and after their trips and whether the use of mobile digital tools and services affects their satisfaction with their stay in the destination. Young visitors/students were taken as sample because of previous researches where there were respondents from more generations but young people were the most numerous. Methodology – In order to explore the importance and participation of individual mobile applications in improving satisfaction in a tourist destination, a descriptive analysis of existing technological tools that help tourism to reach recognisability among potential and current visitors was carried out. The primary research was carried out by using a structured online questionnaire. By carrying out correlation analysis, the results were obtained, which applications participate most significantly in improving satisfaction when visiting a tourist destination. Findings – The research in this paper indicated the attitudes on the importance of mobile applications in the future development of tourism and on the importance of digital technology in all segments of travel. In addition, the attitudes of the respondents regarding their thinking about the future possibilities of using technology for the benefit of tourism development were also highlighted. Contribution – The theoretical, empirical, practical, and social contribution of this research should be taken into account in the design of a new tool for the adaptable and selective introduction of new mobile applications in the function of improving satisfaction with a tourist destination.
Au-delà de l’agroécologie : le ré-ensauvagement agricole, une perspective pour les systèmes d’élevage ?
Authors: CORSON Michael S. , MONDIÈRE Aymeric , MOREL Loïs , VAN DER WERF Hayo M.G.
Published: October 2023

La conservation et la restauration de la biodiversité impliquent généralement des interventions humaines. En comparaison, le ré-ensauvagement est une approche radicalement différente qui propose de s’appuyer sur les processus écologiques spontanés pour restaurer les écosystèmes. Le ré-ensauvagement, y compris celui des systèmes agricoles, a été examiné d’un point de vue écologique et social, mais peu d’un point de vue agricole. Dans cette revue de la littérature et d’études de cas, nous i) analysons si et comment le ré-ensauvagement des systèmes d’élevage peut contribuer à conserver et restaurer la biodiversité et offrir de nouvelles perspectives, principalement en Europe, et ii) identifions des questions de recherche sur le ré-ensauvagement des systèmes agricoles. Nous avons recherché la littérature portant à la fois sur le ré-ensauvagement et l’agriculture. Nous avons également identifié des projets de ré-ensauvagement agricole établis depuis au moins cinq ans au Royaume-Uni afin d’analyser leurs approches et leurs caractéristiques. Le ré-ensauvagement agricole est une forme émergente d’utilisation des terres que nous positionnons conceptuellement entre l’agroécologie et le ré-ensauvagement. Il combine la restauration des processus écologiques avec un certain degré de production agricole, le plus souvent d’herbivores. Une sélection de 11 projets de ré-ensauvagement agricole au Royaume-Uni portait sur des surfaces allant de 121 à 4 402 ha. Les principales actions visant à favoriser le ré-ensauvagement étaient le pâturage extensif et la restauration d’habitats. Les principales activités économiques étaient la vente d’animaux, le tourisme et l’éducation. Le ré-ensauvagement agricole peut constituer un modèle multifonctionnel vers lequel les systèmes d’élevage herbivore peuvent évoluer pour mieux répondre aux préoccupations environnementales.
SPEECH RECOGNITION APPLICATION AS AN ANIMATED OBJECT MOVEMENT CONTROLLER SYSTEM
Authors:   Electrical Engineering Department, Electronic Engineering Polytechnic, Institute of Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia, Saleh Akuwan , Ach. Aflah Jamazy Ach. Aflah
Published: October 2023

Technological developments in the world have no boundaries. One of them is Speech Recognition. At first, words spoken by humans cannot be recognized by computers. To be recognizable, the word is processed using a specific method. Linear Predictive Coding Method (LPC) is a method used in this research to extract the characteristics of speech. The result of the LPC method is the LPC coefficient which is the number of LPC orders plus 1. The LPC coefficient is processed using Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 512 to simplify the process of speech recognition. The results are then trained using Backpropagation Neural Network (BPNN) to recognize the spoken word. Speech recognition on the program is implemented as an animated object motion controller on the computer. The end result of this research is animated objects move in accordance with the spoken word. The optimal BPNN structure in this research is to use traingda training function, number of nodes 3, learning rate 0.05, epoch 1000, performance goal 0,00001. This structure can produce the smallest MSE value that is 0,000009957. So, this structure can recognize new words with 100% accuracy for trained data, 80% for the same respondents with trained data and reach 67.5% for new respondents.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI REKAM MEDIS PADA KLINIK SAFFIRA SENTRA MEDIKA BATAM
Authors: Raihan Faza Muhammad
Published: October 2023

Selama hampir dua tahun sejak Klinik Saffira Sentra Medika berdiri, belum terdapat suatu sistem informasi yang dapat mendukung proses bisnis di klinik tersebut. Saat ini proses pendataan, pelayanan, dan pencatatan rekam medis pasien masih menggunakan media tulis. Hal tersebut akan menyulitkan tenaga medis ketika hendak mencari dan menyortir data pasien, rekam medis, dan stok obat di dalam farmasi karena laporan banyak tertimbun di dalam ruang arsip laporan dan harus dicari satu per satu. Sistem informasi dapat membantu tenaga medis di klinik untuk dapat menyimpan dan mengolah berbagai macam data dengan aman dan terorganisir. Artikel ini menyajikan analisis dan perancangan sistem informasi rekam medis pada klinik tersebut. Metodologi pengembangan sistem yang digunakan adalah Waterfall. Hasil analisis kebutuhan dan perancangan, sistem informasi ini memiliki 10 fitur utama.
KEMUNGKINAN DEPRESI DARI POSTINGAN PADA SOSIAL MEDIA
Authors:   Department of Informatics, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Mutmainah Siti
Published: October 2023

Salah satu gangguan kesehatan mental yaitu depresi, Depresi merupakan gangguan kesehatan dengan kontibutor terbesar penyebab kecacatan serta alasan utama bunuh diri global. Menurut studi WHO, diperkirakan ada 322 juta orang menderita depresi di dunia. Survey di Indonesia sendiri depresi merupakan gangguan kesehatan mental yang menduduki urutan pertama dalam tiga dekade (1990-2017). Pada masa pandemic memberikan banyak dampak negative, Penerapan social distancing dan work from home dan pembatasan menyebabkan meningkatnya kecemasan, stress dan depresi, Kegiatan banyak dilakukan secara darling dan aktivitas pada social mediapun meningkat. pengguna mengekpresikan diri melalui postingan sosial medianya, Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mempelajari postingan dari social media yang terindikasi mengalami gangguan depresi atau normal. Analisis kemungkinan depresi dari postingan social media menggunakan teknik Natural Language Processing (NLP) Pemodelan dilakukan dengan teknik klasifikasi yang sering dipakai dalam sentiment analisis dan pada kasus yang sama yaitu prediksi depresi. hasil terbaik didapatkan oleh metode SVM dengan akurasi 95.56%, hal ini sejalan dengan literatur reviu yang mendapatkan performa terbaik menggunakan metode SVM dalam sentiment analisis dan analisis depresi. Pemodelan menggunakan metode Neural network 93.79%.
Pengukuran Penerimaan Pengguna Pada Aplikasi Kesehatan Halodoc dengan Menggunakan Model Unified Theory Of Acceptance And Use Of Technology 2
Authors:   Jurusan Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia, Murhum Nahdlah Nurul , Durachman Yusuf ,   Jurusan Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia, Fetrina Elvi ,   Jurusan Sistem Informasi, Fakultas Sains dan Teknologi, UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: October 2023

Teknologi baru menawarkan peluang besar bagi pengguna dan penyedia layanan kesehatan. Hal ini dimanfaatkan oleh para pelaku bisnis yang memberikan layanan kesehatan untuk mengembangkan usahanya, atau yang saat ini biasa dikenal dengan aplikasi kesehatan online. Aplikasi kesehatan mobile berpotensi mengubah kerja sistem kesehatan dan cara pasien berinteraksi dengannya. Hal ini dikarenakan populasi kaum muda yang besar di Indonesia semakin mencari solusi digital untuk mengakses barang dan jasa. Bisnis, pemerintah, dan organisasi non-pemerintah mencari teknologi kesehatan digital untuk meningkatkan efisiensi perawatan kesehatan dan meningkatkan hasil kesehatan pasien. Halodoc merupakan salah satu aplikasi kesehatan mobile yang memfasilitasi masyarakat untuk mendapatkan pelayanan kesehatan secara online. Untuk bersaing dengan penyedia layanan kesehatan online lainnya, pelaku bisnis harus selalu mengukur seberapa baik dan dapat diterimanya aplikasi tersebut bagi pengguna mereka.Penelitian ini menguji metode Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT2) yang terdiri dari faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan aplikasi kesehatan mobile Halodoc dengan menambahkan variabel Trust. Penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan teknik analisis PLS-SEM dengan survei menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 304 pengguna aplikasi Halodoc yang berada di wilayah Jakarta. Hasilnya penenlitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 11 hipotesis yang diuji, terdapat 6 hipotesis yang diterima dan 5 hipotesis ditolak. Variabel Habit (HT) merupakan faktor dengan perngaruh. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pertimbangan untuk pengembangan aplikasi kesehatan Halodoc kedepannya.
Quantum-Cosmos Nexus Theory
Authors: Sheikh Nemeh Abdulrahman
Published: October 2023

The Quantum-Cosmos Nexus Theory delves into the intricate web of relationships that tie together fundamental constants, cosmological properties, and the boundaries of our comprehension in the realm of physics. It unveils a profound interconnection between the gravitational constant (G), the speed of light (c), and the parameters of the observable universe. It introduces a unification equation that hints at a connection between the fundamental constants. It also introduces a new constant, , which is similar to the Planck constant but, on a large scale, signifies the ultimate unit of action or energy on a cosmic scale. With this new constant, new units similar to Planck units have been introduced. They are the equivalence of Planck units in the sense that they represent the limits of our current understanding of physics on the largest scale. The theory also shows that most of the fundamental constants of nature, including the gravitational constant (G), the speed of light (c), vacuum permittivity (ε0) vacuum permeability (u0), the Boltzmann constant (KB), and the fine-structure constant (α), can be derived from these new units and Planck units. The first derived equation suggests a potential weakening of the gravitational constant over time, assuming the density remains relatively constant. Although this is a matter of speculation, it has the potential to explain observations related to dark matter. The theory also makes use of the Planck force, defining it as the maximum force on the quantum and cosmic scales. It also emphasizes that the Planck scale is not the ultimate limit and reveals our observational constraints, offering a unique perspective on the universe's fundamental workings. The Quantum-Cosmos Nexus Theory reveals how fundamental constants, cosmic dynamics, and the limits of our understanding converge, opening the door to fresh perspectives on the underlying principles of the universe.
Seamen’s Guilds, Labor Organisation and Social Protest in Northern Iberia in The Late Middle Ages
Authors: Solórzano-Telechea Jesús Ángel
Published: October 2023

The craft guilds have been at the core of important historiographical debates on the economic, social and political history of medieval cities for twenty years. The aim of this article is to examine the seamen’s guilds in the town ports of Northern Peninsula in the late Middle Ages. This study analyzes fundamental aspects of the social assistance, labour organization and social identity of the town ports, located on the maritime border of the Kingdom of Castile. In contrast to the more classical view of the craft guilds as protectionist institutions, which only served the interests of a privileged group of masters, this analysis highlights the contribution of the seamen craft guilds to the organization of labor at sea, the training of sea workers, the ability to negotiate with merchants and avoid labor exploitation, the provision of social assistance to the most vulnerable population, and the ability to lead the social protest for the guilders’ representation in the urban government. In summary, it is concluded that the seafarers’ guilds were constituted as networks of mutual help between individuals in the labor, welfare and political spheres of the population of the town ports of Northern Iberia in the late Middle Ages.
Assessment of Functional EMC Analysis of Near-Body Medical Devices Subject to EMF Perturbation
Authors: Razek Adel
Published: October 2023

This article aims to assess, discuss and analyze the disturbances caused by electromagnetic field (EMF) noise of medical devices used nearby living tissues, as well as the corresponding functional control via the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) of these devices. These are minimally invasive and non-ionizing devices allowing various healthcare actions involving monitoring, assistance, diagnosis and image-guided medical interventions. Following to an introduction of the main items of the paper, the different imaging methodologies are conferred, accounting for their nature, functioning, employment condition and patient comfort and safety. Then the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) components and their fields, the consequential MRI-compatibility concept and possible image artifacts are detailed and analyzed. Next, the MRI-assisted robotic treatments, the possible robotic external matter introductions in the imager, the features of MRI-compatible materials and the conformity control of MRI-compatibility, are analyzed and conferred. Afterward, the embedded, wearable and detachable medical devices, their EMF perturbation control and their necessary shielding protection technologies are presented and analyzed. Then, the EMC control procedure, the EMF governing equations, the body numerical virtual models, are conferred and reviewed. A qualitative methodology, case study, simple example illustrating the mentioned methodology is presented. The last Section of the paper discussed potential details and expansions of the different notions conferred in the paper, in the perspective of monitoring the disturbances due to EMF noise of medical devices working near living tissues.
Tensor Conjugate-Gradient Methods With Automatically Determination of Regularization Parameters for Ill-Posed Problems With T-product
Authors: Wang Shi-Wei , Huang Guang-Xin , Yin Feng
Published: October 2023

This paper presents three types of tensor Conjugate-Gradient methods for solving large-scale linear discrete ill-posed problems based on the t-product between third-order tensors. An automatical determination strategy of a suitable regularization parameter is proposed for the tensor conjugate gradient (tCG) method. A truncated version and a preprocessed verion of the tCG method are further presented. The discrepancy principle is employed to determine a suitable regularization parameter. Several numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed tCG methods in image and video restoration.
Mapping of Alpha-Emitting Radionuclides in the Environment Using an Unmanned Aircraft System
Authors: Royo Pablo , Vargas Arturo , Colls Tania Guillot , Saiz David , Pichel Carrera Jonathan , Rabago Daniel , Duch María Amor , Grossi Claudia , Luchkov Maksym , Dangendorf Volker , Krasniqi Faton
Published: October 2023

The protection of first responders from radioactive contamination that may result from a radiological accident is of great importance and complexity. The complexity of detecting and quantifying such radioactive contamination is very high when it comes to the dispersion of alpha-emitting radionuclides in the environment. This work presents the development of an un-manned aerial monitoring system that integrates an unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and a novel optical alpha radioluminescence detection system to scan and obtain information about the alpha-emitting radionuclides contaminated area on a 3D map. This manuscript describes a flexible hardware and software architecture for optical detection of alpha-emitting sources. The UAS is equipped with 4G/LTE air-ground communications and onboard computation to geolocate and send to the ground control station (GCS) the measured data in real-time and thus react to any anomaly detected during the mission. A GCS has also been developed for the correct visualization of the radioactive samples in a 3D map. This article shows the results obtained from the calibration of the detector in the laboratory as well as from the different flights performed on UV LEDs and a 100 MBq 241Am source to demonstrate the feasibility of the system in a realistic scenario.
Effects of Silver Citrate Prolonged Exposure on Behavioral and Cognitive Functions of Mice
Authors: Antsiferova Anna A. , Kopaeva Marina Yu. , Loginova Maria A. , Kashkarov Pavel K.
Published: October 2023

Pure silver as well as silver compounds have been used as antiseptics for centuries. Nowadays, the most frequently applied form of silver is a nanoparticle form. Several studies demonstrate the ability of silver nanoparticles and silver salts to accumulate in the brain of laboratory ani-mals as well as the ability of silver nanoparticles to influence behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory mammals. For the first time, the influence of a silver salt, in particular, silver citrate on the change dynamics of behavioral and cognitive functions of laboratory mice at the daily oral exposure during 30, 60, 120 and 180 days is investigated in the present research. We observed the anxiety increase after 30 days of the exposure as well as the ability of mice to adapt to the prolonged oral exposure of silver citrate manifested in the anxiety decrease, increase of locomotor activity and the tendency of long-term contextual memory improvement. Increase of locomotor activity and memory improvement might be associated with the sensitivity increase and regarded as compensatory mechanism to anxiety increase. The observed phenomenon is classified as a hormetic effect. A comparison with the analogous study implemented polyvi-nylpyrrolidone coated silver nanoparticles is carried out. It was concluded that the nanoform is more neurotoxic.
Analysis of Reactive Power in Electrical Networks Supplying Non-linear, Fast-Varying Loads
Authors: Sayenko Yuriy , Pawelek Ryszard , Baranenko Tetiana
Published: October 2023

The article concerns problems related to the assessment of reactive power in power networks with non-linear, fast-varying loads, such as electric arc furnaces, rolling mill drives, etc. The operation of this type of loads is characterized by the introduction of interharmonic currents (including higher harmonics) into the power supply network and a relatively low power factor. Rapid changes in the RMS value of the current also cause voltage fluctuations and the related phenomenon - flicker. Therefore, there is a need to evaluate the selection of power of compensating devices taking into account the random nature of load changes and the distortion of current and voltage waveforms, in particular interharmonic components, the impact of which has not been fully investigated so far. To analyze the random nature of load changes, autocorrelation functions were used, which allowed for the estimation of the expected values of the arc furnace current distortion coefficient (based on the recorded waveforms). In order to determine the parameters of reactive power compensating devices, and in particular capacitor banks, an autocorrelation function in the exponential-cosine-sine form was used, which meets the conditions of differentiation. The article contains comparative results of calculations of the reactive power of capacitor banks determined using different methods.
CMAG: A Mission to Study and Monitor the Inner Corona Magnetic Field
Authors: Orozco Suárez David , Del Toro Iniesta Jose Carlos , Bailén Martínez Francisco Javier , Balaguer María , Álvarez García Daniel , Serrano Daniel , Peñin Luis F. , Vázquez-Ramos Alicia , Bellot Rubio Luis Ramón , Atienzar Julia , Pérez Grande Isabel , Torralbo Gimeno Ignacio , Sanchis-Kilders Esteban , Gasent Blesa Jose Luis , Hernández Expósito David , Ruiz Cobo Basilio , Trujillo Bueno Javier , Erdelyi R. , Davies J. A. , Green Lucie M. , Matthews Sarah , Long David , Mathioudakis Michail , Kintziger Christian , Leenaarts Jorrit , Fineschi Silvano , Scullion Eamon
Published: October 2023

Measuring magnetic fields in the inner corona, the interface between the solar chromosphere and outer corona, is of paramount importance if we aim at understanding the energetic transformations taking place there and which is at the origin of processes that lead to coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, and of most of the phenomena relevant to space weather. However, these measurements are more difficult than mere imaging because polarimetry requires differential photometry. The Coronal Magnetograph mission (CMAG) has been designed to map the vector magnetic field, line-of-sight velocities, and plane-of-the-sky velocities of the inner corona with unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions from space. This will be achieved through full vector spectropolarimetric observations using a coronal magnetograph as the sole instrument on board a spacecraft, combined with an external occulter installed on another spacecraft. The two spacecraft will maintain a formation flight distance of 430 meters for coronagraphic observations, which requires a 2 m occulter disk radius. The mission will be preferentially located at the Lagrangian L5 point, offering a significant advantage for solar physics and space weather research. Existing ground-based instruments face limitations such as atmospheric turbulence, solar scattered light, and long integration times when performing coronal magnetic field measurements. CMAG overcomes these limitations by performing spectropolarimetric measurements from space with an external occulter and high-image stability maintained over time. It achieves the necessary sensitivity and offers a spatial resolution of 2.5 arcseconds and a temporal resolution of approximately one minute, in its nominal mode, covering the range from 1.02 solar radii to 2.5 radii. CMAG relies on proven European technologies and can be adapted to enhance any other solar mission, offering potential significant advancements in coronal physics and space weather modeling and monitoring.
Aspergilins A–B, Including a Unique Orsellinic Acid–Ribose–Pyridazinone-N-Oxide Hybrid, from the Mangrove Endophytic Fungus Aspergillus sp. A1E3
Authors: Wu Binbin , Xu Chenglong , Chen Jianjun , Chen Guangying
Published: October 2023

Two new compounds, named aspergilins A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the mangrove endophytic fungus Aspergillus sp. A1E3 associated with the fruit of Rhizophora mucronata, together with averufanin (3). The planar structures and absolute configurations of these compounds were unambiguously established by extensive NMR investigations, quantum-chemical electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Most notably, the absolute configuration of aspergillin A (1) was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of its tri-pivaloyl derivative 4, conducted with Cu Kα radiation, whereas that of averufanin (3) was first clarified by quantum-chemical ECD calculations. Aspergilin A is the first orsellinic acid–ribose–​pyridazinone-Noxide hybrid containing a unique β-oxo-2,3-dihydropyridazine 1-oxide moiety, whereas aspergilin B and averufanin are the sterigmatocystin and anthraquinone derivative, respectively. From the perspective of biosynthesis, aspergilin A could be originated from the combined assembly of three building blocks, viz., orsellinic acid, β-D-ribofuranose, and L-glutamine. It is an unprecedented alkaloid-Noxide involving biosynthetic pathways of polyketide, pentose, and amino acid. Aspergilin B (2) exhibited potent antiproliferative activity against four cancer cell lines. In addition, Aspergilin B (2) dose-dependently induced G2/M phase arrest in HepG2 cells.
Coatings for Geothermal Heat Exchangers
Authors: Bhuvanendran Nair Jayakumari Arunima , Malik Nigar Gul , Mittal Garima , Martelo David , Kale Namrata , Paul Shiladitya
Published: October 2023

Geothermal energy is likely to be a significant contributor in achieving sustainable energy goals and net-zero emissions targets. Within geothermal power plants, heat exchangers play a critical role in harnessing this renewable energy source. However, these heat exchangers encounter significant challenges when exposed to geothermal fluids, including erosion, corrosion, and scaling, which adversely affects their performance and longevity. The current review focuses on surface engineering techniques, particularly coatings, as a highly effective and economically viable solution to address these challenges in geothermal heat exchangers. The review begins by providing an overview of geothermal energy, its significance in the context of sustainability and the important role played by heat exchangers in geothermal power generation, followed by the challenges and their impact on heat exchangers. The subsequent section focuses on surface engineering by coatings and its types employed to enhance the performance of heat exchangers. In the final part, the reader is presented with an overview of the challenges associated with the application of coatings in geothermal heat exchangers and potential future directions in this field. This review offers a detailed understanding of the critical role coatings play in improving the efficiency and service life of heat exchangers in geothermal power plants.
Analysis of Antibacterial Efficacy and Unique Chemical Compositions Generated from Plasma Activated Water.
Authors: Kim Hyun Jin , Shin Hyun A , Chung Woo Kyung , Om Ae Son , Jeon Areum , Kang Eun Kyung , An Wen , Kang Ju Seop
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to elucidate the antibacterial efficacy and unique chemical compositions generated from plasma-activated water (PAW) when utilized a novel vaginal cleansing device. We conducted an analysis of antibacterial activity against probiotics and several chemical compositions including ions under various operational parameters of PAW, including electrical power (12 and 24 V), treatment duration (1, 10, and 20 min), and stay duration (immediate, 30 and 60 min). Our findings revealed that as treatment duration increased, hypochlorous acid (HOCl), Ca2+, and Mg2+ concentrations increased and Cl−concentrations decreased. Higher electrical power and longer treatment duration resulted in increased HOCl levels, which acts to prevent the growth of general microorganisms. Notably, PAW exhibited no antibacterial effects against a type of probiotic, Lactobacillus reuteri that produces lactic acid for vaginal health. This result demonstrated the ability of the vaginal cleaning device to generate ions, primarily HOCl and some cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+), thereby providing vaginal mucosa protecting and cleansing effects with the vaginal environment.
BRAIN ABSCESS AND SUBDURAL EMPYEMA WITHIN THE COMPLICATION OF ACUTE PYOGENIC SINUSITIS: A CLINICAL CASE
Authors:   Russian National Center of Surgery named after Acad. Prof. B.V. Petrovsky, SHUBIN DMITRIY I. , KARPOVA ANASTASIYA A. ,   Russian National Center of Surgery named after Acad. Prof. B.V. Petrovsky, NIKITIN PAVEL A. ,   Federal Medico-Biological Agency of Russia
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Diagnosing and treating acute pyogenic sinusitis represent a difficult issue of otorhinolaryngology, which has not been solved completely yet. According to statistics, 5 to 10 % of adults suffer from one form of sinusitis or another. The most life-threatening type of this pathology manifestation is the development of intracranial and orbital complications that occur in 1 % of patients. These types of complications are an absolute surgical indication. Aim. To demonstrate a rare case of patient with acute pyogenic sinusitis complication. Material and Methods - This article describes a unique clinical case of a 50-year-old patient with the development of a brain abscess in combination with subdural empyema against the background of complications of the course of acute pyogenic sinusitis. Results and Discussion. The clinical case presented clearly demonstrated the need for correctly choosing and timely using advanced radiological methods to identify, assess the prevalence of the disease, and further determine the treatment strategy, both for the most acute pyogenic sinusitis manifestations and their intracranial and orbital complications. Conclusions. In connection with the results obtained, based on this clinical case, it can be concluded that a multidisciplinary approach to the assessment and treatment of acute purulent sinusitis and the active interaction among doctors majoring in various medical professions are the key to the successful treatment of patients and timely diagnosis of complications of the disease.
PROBABILITY OF CHANGES IN THE RESPIRATORY FUNCTION INDICATORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF COPD, DEPENDING ON THE NUMBER OF CIGARETTES SMOKED AND ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY-RELATED HORMONE FLUCTUATIONS
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, DZYUBAILO ANNA V. , LOTKOV VYACHESLAV S. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. This is a study of possible changes in the respiration function indicators in the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), depending on the number of cigarettes smoked and associated with pregnancy-related hormone fluctuations. Aim. Our study aimed to determine the dependence of changes in first- second forced expiratory volume upon the level of anti-inflammatory hormones cortisol and progesterone in female smokers with different number of cigarettes smoked. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the findings of the analysis of changes in the level of hormones cortisol and progesterone in 243 pregnant women in antenatal care and on how such changes affect the first-second forced exhalation volume. The control group consisted of healthy non-smoking female patients. 4 groups were formed. For each group, the expected values of the first-second forced exhalation volume were calculated, in parallel with changes in the cortisol and progesterone profile and with forming the relevant statistical data matrices. Results and Discussion. With an increase in cortisol and progesterone levels, there is an increase in the first-second of forced exhalation volume, which indicates an increase in the lung tissue elasticity and in the air flow rate in the first second under the influence of hormones that have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect. Conclusion. Pregnancy progress in smokers consuming different amounts of cigarettes is accompanied by an increase in the cortisol and progesterone levels. Hormone fluctuations improve the functional state of external respiration in pregnant smokers with COPD, creating the illusion of preserving the physiological capabilities of lungs regardless of the number of cigarettes smoked. With this variant of the COPD developing during pregnancy, a temporary physiological increase in the anti-inflammatory hormonal profile masks the extent, to which the number of cigarettes smoked affects the COPD severity.
THROMBOEMBOLIC RISK FACTORS IN DIALYSIS PATIENTS WITH END-STAGE CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE AND NON-VALVULAR ATRIAL FIBRILLATION BY CHA2 DS2 -VASc AND D-DIMER LEVEL
Authors:   Medical University Reaviz, Samara, KETSKO YURIY L. , ZHESTKOV ALEXANDER V. ,   Samara State Medical University, SUKACH GALINA A. ,   Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Togliatti, SOROKINA NATALIA I. ,   Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Togliatti, YAKUBOV LEONID Y. ,   Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Togliatti, IVANOV ANDREY V. ,   Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Togliatti, SUKHOV VLADISLAV Y. ,   Center of Nephrology and Dialysis, Togliatti, POPOV MIKHAIL A. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Patients suffering from end-stage chronic kidney disease have a high risk of developing rhythm disorders, such as atrial fibrillation, and variations in the hemostatic system. There are only limited options to use the drug-based prophylaxis of thromboembolic complications in patients of this category. Aim. Our study aimed to compare the risk factors of developing thromboembolic complications in end-stage chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation, receiving renal replacement therapy, by their CHA2 DS 2-VASc and D-dimer levels. Materials and Methods. A prospective study was conducted on 143 end-stage CKD patients receiving extracorporeal renal replacement therapy in a single dialysis center. In patients with a high risk of thromboembolic complications, the most common signs were found according to the CHA2 DS 2-VASc scale. After examining hemostasis parameters, patients were divided into groups with normal and high D-dimer levels. Logistic and correlation analyses were performed according to the significantly different characteristics studied. Results and Discussion. Non-valvular atrial fibrillation was detected in 36 patients (25.17%), of which a high risk of thromboembolic complications was identified in 15 patients (41.7%). Risk of thromboembolic complications in combination with the high D-dimer level was observed in 7 patients (19.4%). Conclusions. Signs of high thromboembolic risk at the CHA2 DS 2-VASc scale were as follows: Arterial hypertension, vascular diseases, age, and female gender. A high level of D-dimer was closely associated with “dialysis experience,” C-reactive protein and ferritin levels, the primary nosology nature, and the fact of vascular access thrombosis. Assessment level using the CHA2 DS 2-VASc scale did not significantly correlate with an increased level of D-dimer.
CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL TRENDS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF HIGHER MEDICAL EDUCATION IN THE USA, GREAT BRITAIN, FRANCE, AND CHINA
Authors:   Samara State Medical University, PROTASOV ANDREI D. , STARODUBTSEVA ELENA S. ,   Kirov State Medical University, MOSHLYAK GABRIEL A. ,   People’s Friendship University, Moscow, ZHESTKOV ALEXANDER V. ,   Samara State Medical University
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Higher medical education is one of the most sought-after and elite degrees worldwide. Systems of higher medical education differ from country to country, although they have certain features in common. Core differences are as follows: Training duration at various stages, contents of educational programs, learning technologies, etc. Much attention is paid to physicians training, which is determined by the high social significance of medical education. Aim: To provide an overview of the contemporary global trends in the development of higher medical education in the USA, Great Britain, France, and China. Materials and Methods. World literature was analyzed on trends in the development of higher medical education. Results and Discussion. Development of the healthcare system in the UK requires an integrated approach that considers various aspects in higher medical education, personnel policy, and workplace management. French healthcare system is experiencing various problems, such as the affordability of medical services and staffing shortages in remote regions. The Government of France shall continue to invest in healthcare and address the challenges to ensure universal access to quality medical services, including through its higher education system. US medical education keeps pace with the challenges healthcare systems are facing in the 21st century. To address today’s challenges, US medical education is taking a more interdisciplinary and inclusive approach, focusing on public health, interdisciplinary teamwork, and community-based training. Chinese medical universities pay more attention to practical skills and to integrating various disciplines in training, which allows graduates to be the best medical experts able to solve complex practical problems. Conclusions. Global trends identified herein in the development of higher medical education in the USA, Great Britain, France, and China require reflection, while the best practices should be introduced into the Russian system of higher education. However, approaches to be implemented should be first adapted to the historical, cultural, social, geographical, political, and other realities of Russia.