bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Spatiotemporal Evolution Methods Networks Based on Deep Learning: Arctic Shipping Data as a Case
Authors: Li Changrong , Wei Duan , Li Zhenfu
Published: November 2024

This article uses deep learning to study the spatiotemporal evolution method of vehicular ad‐hoc networks (VANETs). Firstly, the research background and significance are introduced, as well as the research status of VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods and deep learning‐based VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods both domestically and internationally. Then, the related theoretical foundations of deep learning and traditional VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods are elaborated in detail. Subsequently, three VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods based on long short‐term memory‐convolutional neural network (LSTM‐CNN), deep time generative adversarial network (D‐TGAN), and fully connected network (FCN) are proposed, and simulation experiments are conducted for each method to analyze the experimental results. Finally, the main work of the whole article is summarized, and future research directions are discussed. Through this study, new ideas and methods can be provided for the development of VANET spatiotemporal evolution methods.
Association of plasma neurofilament light chain with microstructural white matter changes in Down syndrome
Authors: Rosas Herminia Diana , Mercaldo Nathaniel David , Hasimoglu Yasemin , Petersen Melissa , Lewis Lydia R. , Lai Florence , Powell David , Dhungana Asim , Demir Ali , Keater David , Yassa Michael , Brickman Adam M. , O'Bryant Sid
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

Both micro‐ and macrostructural white matter (WM) abnormalities, particularly those related to axonal degeneration, are associated with cognitive decline in adults with Down syndrome (DS) prior to a diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a support protein within myelinated axons released into blood following axonal damage. In this study we investigated cross‐sectional relationships between WM microstructural changes as measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and plasma NfL concentration in adults with DS without dementia.

METHODS

Thirty cognitively stable (CS) adults with DS underwent diffusion‐weighted MRI scanning and plasma NfL measurement. DTI measures of select WM tracts were derived using automatic fiber tracking, and associations with plasma NfL were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients.

RESULTS

Higher Plasma NfL was associated with greater altered diffusion measures of select tracts.

DISCUSSION

Early increases in plasma NfL may reflect early white matter microstructural changes prior to dementia in DS.

Highlights

The onset of such WM changes in DS has not yet been widely studied.

WM microstructural properties correlated with plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL).

NfL may reflect early, selective WM changes in adults with DS at high risk of developing AD.
Aβ status assessment in a hypothetical scenario prior to treatment with disease‐modifying therapies: Evidence from 10‐year real‐world experience at university memory clinics
Authors: Brendel Matthias , Parvizi Tandis , Gnörich Johannes , Topfstedt Christof Elias , Buerger Katharina , Janowitz Daniel , Rauchmann Boris‐Stephan , Perneczky Robert , Kurz Carolin , Mehrens Dirk , Kunz Wolfgang G. , Kusche‐Palenga Julia , Kling Agnes Bernadette , Buchal Antonia , Nestorova Elizabet , Silvaieh Sara , Wurm Raphael , Traub‐Weidinger Tatjana , Klotz Sigrid , Regelsberger Günther , Rominger Axel , Drzezga Alexander , Levin Johannes , Stögmann Elisabeth , Franzmeier Nicolai , Höglinger Günter U.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

With the advent of disease‐modifying therapies, accurate assessment of biomarkers indicating the presence of disease‐associated amyloid beta (Aβ) pathology becomes crucial in patients with clinically suspected Alzheimer's disease (AD). We evaluated Aβ levels in cerebrospinal fluid (Aβ CSF) and Aβ levels in positron emission tomography (Aβ PET) biomarkers in a real‐world memory‐clinic setting to develop an efficient algorithm for clinical use.

METHODS

Patients were evaluated for AD‐related Aβ pathology from two independent cohorts (Ludwig Maximilian University [LMU], n = 402, and Medical University of Vienna [MUV], n = 144). Optimal thresholds of CSF biomarkers were deduced from receiver operating characteristic curves and validated against Aβ PET positivity.

RESULTS

In both cohorts, a CSF Aβ42/40 ratio ≥ 7.1% was associated with a low risk of a positive Aβ PET scan (negative predictive value: 94.3%). Implementing two cutoffs revealed 14% to 16% of patients with intermediate results (CSF Aβ42/40 ratio: 5.5%–7.1%), which had a strong benefit from Aβ PET imaging (44%–52% Aβ PET positivity).

DISCUSSION

A two‐cutoff approach for CSF Aβ42/40 including Aβ PET imaging at intermediate results provides an effective assessment of Aβ pathology in real‐world settings.

Highlights

We evaluated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and positron emission tomography (PET) amyloid beta (Aβ) biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease in real‐world cohorts.

A CSF Aβ 42/40 ratio between 5.5% and 7.1% defines patients at borderline levels.

Patients at borderline levels strongly benefit from additional Aβ PET imaging.

Two‐cutoff CSF Aβ 42/40 and PET will allow effective treatment stratification.
Odor identification and progression to dementia: The role of odor characteristics and set size
Authors: Dickmänken Eva , Larsson Maria , Ekström Ingrid , Olofsson Jonas , Grande Giulia , Rizzuto Debora , Laukka Erika J.
Published: November 2024

INTRODUCTION

We evaluated short versions of a 16‐item odor identification (OID) test, with regard to their ability to identify individuals at high dementia risk.

METHODS

Participants from the population‐based SNAC‐K study (n = 2418) were followed across 12 years. We formed 13 abbreviated clusters based on the identifiability and perceptual characteristics of the Sniffin’ Sticks Test (SST) items, and pre‐existing test versions. Dementia hazard was estimated with Cox regressions.

RESULTS

Lower OID scores were associated with an increased dementia hazard across all odor clusters. Lower performance in the high identifiability cluster showed the strongest association with dementia (hazard ratio = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [1.28–1.51]). Moreover, the high‐intensity odor cluster showed a stronger association with dementia than the low‐intensity cluster (P = 0.02).

DISCUSSION

The findings suggest that the SST items differ with regard to their association with dementia and support using a reduced set size for clinical practice.

Highlights

Odor identification (OID) items differ in their association with future dementia.

Reduced OID set sizes render hazard ratios comparable to larger set sizes.

Identifiability and perceptual characteristics of odors should be considered when designing dementia screening instruments.
Smaller and bolder fish enhance ecosystem‐scale primary production around artificial reefs in seagrass beds
Authors: Munsterman Katrina S. , Hesselbarth Maximilian H. K. , Allgeier Jacob E.
Published: November 2024

Effective management of wild animals requires understanding how predation and harvest alter the composition of populations. These top‐down processes can alter consumer body size and behavior and thus should also have consequences for bottom‐up processes because (1) body size is a critical determinant of the amount of nutrients excreted and (2) variation in foraging behavior, which is strongly influenced by predation, can determine the amount and spatial distribution of nutrients. Changes to either are known to affect ecosystem‐scale nutrient dynamics, but the consequences of these dynamics on ecosystem processes are poorly understood. We used an individual‐based model of an artificial reef (AR) and reef fish in a subtropical seagrass bed to test how fish body size can interact with variation in foraging behavior at the population and individual levels to affect seagrass production in a nutrient‐limited system. Seagrass production dynamics can be driven by both belowground (BGPP) and aboveground primary production (AGPP); thus, we quantified ecosystem‐scale production via these different mechanistic pathways. We found that (1) populations of small fish generated greater total primary production (TLPP = BGPP + AGPP) than large fish, (2) fish that foraged more increased TLPP more than those that spent time sheltering on ARs, and (3) small fish that foraged more led to greatest increases in TLPP. The mechanism by which this occurred was primarily through increased BGPP, highlighting the importance of cryptic belowground dynamics in seagrass ecosystems. Populations of extremely bold individuals (i.e., foraged significantly more) slightly increased TLPP but strongly affected the distribution of production, whereby bold individuals increased BGPP, while populations of shy individuals increased AGPP. Taken together, these results provide a link between consumer body size, variation in consumer behavior, and primary production—which, in turn, will support secondary production for fisheries. Our study suggests that human‐induced changes—such as fishing—that alter consumer body size and behavior will fundamentally change ecosystem‐scale production dynamics. Understanding the ecosystem effects of harvest on consumer populations is critical for ecosystem‐based management, including the development of ARs for fisheries.
Unraveling the Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Potamalpheops Sp. (Purple Zebra Shrimp) (Crustacea: Decapoda) Provides Insights Into Its Phylogenetic Relationships and Gene Order Rearrangements
Authors: Das Sofia Priyadarsani , Kao Yu‐Kai , Nguyen Huu‐The , Lin Yu‐Ru , Liao Zhen‐Hao , Hu Yeh‐Fang , Nan Fan‐Hua
Published: November 2024

Understanding the functions of mitochondrial genomes is crucial for studies related to the evolution of genomes, phylogenomics, and species identification. For the first time, complete mitogenome of Potamalpheops sp. a non‐snapping shrimp has been successfully sequenced and characterized from Taiwan that belongs to the Decapoda order, Crustacea class, and Caridea infraorder. This study involved analysis of nucleotide composition, codon usage, gene ordering, evolutionary selection pressure, and comparative mitogenomics. The mitogenome of Potamalpheops sp. is 16,605 base pairs in length and consists of standard set of 37 genes found in metazoans. The gene rearrangements in the mitochondrial genome of this species shows extensive rearrangements comparing to the typical pattern found in pancrustaceans mitogenomes. Therefore, it could be concluded that gene rearrangements most likely happen only in the caridea infraorder. The current investigation discovered transposition of the tRNA and rRNA genes along with reversal in strands in the tRNAs. No other Alpheidae mitochondrial genome that has been investigated thus far has revealed this pattern. All 13 protein coding genes in the mitochondrial genomes of superfamily Alphoidea exhibited Ka/Ks values lower than 1, according to the ratios of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions rates. This suggests that a strong purifying selection had taken place. The maximum likelihood tree consisting of 46 mitogenomes of infraorder Caridea along with outgroups, revealed the existence of Potamalpheops sp. in the family Alpheidae and it formed a monophyletic group along with Palaemonoidea and Alpheoidea superfamily.
Shifts in Chromosome Evolution Rates Shape the Karyotype Patterns of Leafcutting Ants
Authors: Cardoso Danon Clemes , Cristiano Maykon Passos
Published: November 2024

Trait evolution has become a central focus in evolutionary biology, with phylogenetic comparative methods offering a framework to study how and why traits vary among species. Identifying variations in trait evolution rates within phylogenies is important for uncovering the mechanisms behind these differences. Karyotype variation, which is substantial across eukaryotic organisms, plays an essential role in species diversification. This study investigates karyotype variation within the leafcutting ant clade, focusing on chromosome number and morphology. We aim to determine whether karyotypic traits are phylogenetically dependent and how different evolutionary models explain karyotype diversity. Previous models have been insufficient in explaining these variations. To address these gaps, we employ modern phylogenetic methods to assess the impact of chromosomal fissions and fusions on karyotype evolution. By evaluating various evolutionary models—particularly the Brownian motion model, which suggests neutral chromosomal changes—we pursue for the further understanding the mode and tempo of karyotype evolution in ants. Our research examines how shifts in chromosomal change rates contribute to divergence among leafcutting ant species and assesses the role of chromosomal changes in the clade's evolutionary trajectory. Comparative analysis of leafcutting ant ideograms suggests that shared karyotype traits are strongly related to species relationships. This implies that karyotype diversification in leafcutting ants follows a phylogenetic trajectory at varying rates, with differences in karyotype traits reflecting the evolutionary distance between lineages. Particularly, the increase in the chromosome number of Acromyrmex is likely due to fission rearrangements rather than demi or polyploidization. We discuss and provide insights into the mechanisms driving karyotype variation and its implications for leafcutting ant diversification.
Land‐use changes influence climate resilience through altered population demography in a social insect
Authors: Chan Shih‐Fan , Rubenstein Dustin R. , Wang Tsung‐Wei , Chen Ying‐Yu , Chen I‐Ching , Ni Dong‐Zheng , Shih Wei‐Kai , Shen Sheng‐Feng
Published: November 2024

Biodiversity is threatened by both climate and land‐use change. However, the synergistic impacts of these stressors and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study seeks to bridge this knowledge gap by testing two competing hypotheses regarding the concept of the realized thermal niche. The Fixed Niche Breadth hypothesis suggests that a species' thermal niche remains constant despite fluctuations in population density resulting from land‐use changes. This hypothesis links habitat loss directly to a reduced availability of suitable climate. Conversely, the Habitat Loss‐Allee Effect hypothesis posits that land‐use changes narrow the realized thermal niche by lowering population densities, which impairs individual fitness in unfavorable temperatures due to the Allee effect—the positive impact of higher population density on individual fitness. To investigate these hypotheses, we developed an individual‐based model that integrates the Allee effect to examine how climate and land‐use changes affect population density and the thermal niche in social organisms. We empirically tested our model predictions by studying the distribution and cooperative behavior of burying beetles (Nicrophorus nepalensis), which compete with blowflies for carrion resources, along two elevational gradients in Taiwan. These gradients serve as temperature gradients, one in an intact forest and the other in a human‐altered landscape with substantial forest loss. Our results support the model predictions and show that landscape forest loss reduces beetle population densities and disrupts their dispersal dynamics, resulting in smaller cooperative groups. This, in turn, limits the beetles' ability to compete with blowflies in warmer environments, resulting in a contraction of the realized thermal niche. Together, our findings support the Habitat Loss‐Allee Effect hypothesis while rejecting the Fixed Niche Breadth hypothesis. By highlighting the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on both intra‐ and interspecific social interactions, our study improves understanding of species' vulnerability to the combined threats of climate and land‐use change. Ultimately, our results underscore the importance of considering the demographic and behavioral consequences of land‐use change when assessing species' vulnerability to climate‐land‐use synergies.
Pixel Imaging Method, Transport Phenomenon in Sizes From Nano, Micro, and Milli Scale Pore Membrane
Authors: Nandigana Vishal
Published: November 2024

In this article, we develop NanoSoft SoftLab GUI circuit model and oscillator model to study the current–time and current–voltage characteristics inside the nanopore membrane. We study the ion transport for silicon nitride sputtered with silicon dioxide (Si3N4–SiO2) nanopore membrane, graphene, and molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanopore membrane. Further, we apply our two models to understand the ion transport in two polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) micropore reservoirs connected in series with no nanopore membrane. Furthermore, we perform circuit simulations on silicon nitride sputtered with silicon dioxide with pore radius varying from nanometer to millimeter to obtain current from pA to μA. Here we develop NanoSoft visualization software to match the silicon nitride nanopore membrane. We develop open‐loop controller model to relate the ionic current in the nanopore to the nanofluidic calculator output. Our work can find applications for energy‐efficient nanofluidic processors and computers to build towards the recent nanofluidic memristive synapse‐like memory dynamics literature.
Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye by ZnO nanoparticles: Synthesis, characterization, and efficiency assessment
Authors: Saadi Hajar , Atmani El Houssine , Fazouan Nejma
Published: November 2024

The release of synthetic dyes from the textile industry into aquatic environments poses a significant threat due to their carcinogenic properties. Photocatalytic treatment methods have emerged as efficient alternatives for addressing dye contamination in water. In this study, we investigate the photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye using zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles under UV irradiation. ZnO nanopowders were synthesized via the sol–gel process and characterized for their structural, optoelectronic, optical, and chemical properties to demonstrate their suitability for photocatalytic degradation. Photocatalytic experiments were conducted using pure ZnO nanoparticles as catalysts, resulting in a degradation efficiency of 72.3% for methylene blue. Characterization techniques, such as X‐Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Analysis (EDX), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and FTIR confirmed the presence of ZnO bonds and the uniform distribution of nanoparticles with small grain sizes. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations using the modified Becke–Johnson (mBJ) approximation revealed a direct band gap of 3 eV for ZnO, confirming its potential for photocatalysis. These findings underscore the enhanced photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanoparticles, highlighting their potential for use in photocatalysis applications. This study contributes to the growing body of research aimed at addressing environmental challenges associated with dye contamination in water.
Bone Fracture History in Women With First Episode or With Persistent Anorexia Nervosa
Authors: Lopes Mariana P. , Ahmed Sana , Beaman Lily , Stubbs Brendon , Campbell Iain C. , Schmidt Ulrike , Robinson Lauren
Published: November 2024

Objective

To investigate fractures history in women with first episode anorexia nervosa (AN) (FE‐AN: ≤ 3 years duration) and those with persistent AN (P‐AN: ≥ 7 years), compared to healthy controls (HC).

Method

One hundred nineteen women (FE‐AN = 49, P‐AN = 46 and HC = 24) completed online questionnaires on eating disorders symptoms, their menstrual and their fracture history.

Results

Average illness duration was 1.9 years (SD = 0.8) in FE‐AN and 15.3 years (SD = 8.5) in P‐AN. Lifetime history of all fractures, including stress fractures, was higher in AN groups (FE‐AN = 33.3%; P‐AN = 37.8%) than in HC (4.2%, p < 0.001). P‐AN participants were 13.4 times more likely to report a fracture compared to HC, irrespective of age, whereas F‐AN participants were 10.3 times more likely. In P‐AN, higher BMI, shorter duration of amenorrhoea and history of pregnancy were inversely associated with fracture number.

Conclusions

There is an increased risk of bone fracture even in the early stages of AN. This could be related to a time lapse between the initial symptoms of AN and formal diagnosis. This suggests guidelines recommending bone screening after 2‐years of persistent low weight for adults should be revisited, and the risk of bone problems should be part of the dialogue between clinicians, patients and carers at the earliest opportunity.
Mechanism of enhanced mobility of glacial debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches in southeast Tibet, China: Insights from impact loading tests
Authors: Jiang Yao , Lu Xingsheng , Wang Jiao , Zhang Guotao , Wang Gonghui , Wang Tao , Zhang Zhi , Ren Tongjie , Lu Haotian
Published: November 2024

Glacial debris flows, which are induced by ice and rock avalanches, pose an increasing threat to human life and critical infrastructure under climate change. Therefore, the movement characteristics of debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches have attracted increasing attention, but the understanding of the effects of ice and rock avalanches on the mechanism of debris flow mobility remains incomplete. To study the mechanisms of the enhanced mobility of debris flows and simulate the impacts of ice and rock avalanches, we employed a servo‐hydraulic‐controlled ring–shear apparatus to examine the undrained shear behaviour of moraine material under monotonic and impact loading conditions. It is found that impact loading caused a significant reduction in the shear strength of moraine, with the mobilized friction angle decreasing by 16.1% (from 20.6 to 17.3°) and the residual angle of internal friction decreasing by 52.9% (from 7.0 to 3.3°). After moraine failure (at the peak shear strength), the moraine material exhibited rapid shear strength reduction behaviour under impact loading conditions owing to the lower strength weakening coefficient and smaller slip‐weakening distance. Compared with the monotonic loading ring–shear test results, the liquefaction potential was greater, and the shear energy needed to reach the same pore water pressure ratio and ultimate pore water pressure was much lower under impact loading. This suggests that under impact loading, moraine is more susceptible to liquefaction and exhibits mobility characteristics. Our results provide new insights and increase the understanding of the mechanism underlying the enhanced mobility of glacial debris flows induced by ice and rock avalanches.
Global Risk Aversion: Driving Force of Future Real Economic Activity
Authors: Kim Jinhwan , Cho Hoon , Ryu Doojin
Published: November 2024

This study examines how global risk aversion affects future real economic activity (REA). We propose a new international real business cycle (RBC) framework with a stochastic global risk aversion spillover process by extending the RBC model. Our model suggests output competition and risk aversion spillover as two influence channels of global risk aversion. We extract relative risk aversion factors and evaluate the significance of changes in the level of global risk aversion for forecasting. Our findings suggest that changes in the level of global risk aversion significantly drive the business cycle of open economies. A global risk aversion factor predicts a domestic country's future REA at least as well as the domestic risk aversion factor does. The impact of global risk aversion can vary depending on a country's relative productivity.
Data‐Driven Predictive Modeling of Citywide Crowd Flow for Urban Safety Management: A Case Study of Beijing, China
Authors: Jiang He , Zhang Xuxilu , Dong Yao , Wang Jianzhou
Published: November 2024

Crowd flow forecasting is vital for urban planning, resource allocation, and public safety, particularly in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, traditional predictive models struggle to capture the complex, nonlinear spatial–temporal relationships inherent in crowd flow data due to its irregular volatility. To address these limitations, this paper proposes the innovative citywide crowd flow prediction (CCFP) model, which merges statistical rules with machine learning techniques (XGBoost, LightGBM, and CatBoost). The CCFP model is specifically designed to leverage spatial dependencies and two‐level periodicity (weekly and daily) in population flow to predict crowd flow indexes (
) within specific areas. We employ an urban area graph created using the Node2Vec algorithm to capture the temporal and spatial nuances of human flow patterns. Notably, this study innovatively incorporates migration, weather, and epidemic data into machine‐learning models for feature extraction. Moreover, it introduces weighted factors—
, and
—to enhance the accuracy of
prediction. Among the combined models, CCFP outperforms others with remarkable scientific precision (root mean squared error,
; mean absolute error,
; mean absolute percentage error,
). Overall, the CCFP model represents a significant advancement in crowd flow prediction, offering valuable insights for urban safety management and city planning during pandemics.
Advance Glycation End Products Inhibition by Citrus paradisi Peel Extract; Characterization, LCMS‐QTOF Analysis, and Biological Evaluation
Authors: Mehmood Muhammad Fakhar Ul , Marvi  , Abuelizz Hatem A. , Aziz Nighat , Bano Raheela , Wazir Asif , Ahmad Imran , Abbas Khizar , Ishtiaq Saiqa , Amin Adnan
Published: November 2024

Advance glycation end products (AGEs) are the main reason for diabetic complications. Persistent hyperglycemia and non‐enzymatic glycation increase the rate of AGEs formation. Natural functional food‐based approaches are mainly under investigation these days to discover new treatment options. We focused to investigate potential of medium polar fractions of Citrus paradesi. The peels fractions were analsyed for phytochemical profile, FTIR, HPLC‐DAD, and LCMS‐QTof, and biological investigation including antioxidant assays, α‐glucosidase inhibition, and Anti AGEs inhibition was performed. LCMS‐QTof confirmed the presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids including naringin, narirutin 4‐O‐glucoside, hesperidin, naringenin‐7‐O‐rutinoside hexamethoxyflavone, 3,5,6,7,8,3′,4′ heptamethoxyflavone were major compounds. A significant antioxidant activity was recorded in case of chloroform fraction compared to ethyl acetate fraction. Similarly a substancial AGEs inhibition in oxidative mode (IC50 0.23 mg/mL) and non‐oxidative mode (IC50 0.10 mg/mL) was observed in chloroform fraction, whereas ethyl acetate fraction was only active in oxidative mode (IC50 0.69 mg/mL). A moderate α‐glucosidase inhibition (IC50 1.23 mg/mL) was noticed in total extract, while significant activity was recorded in chloroform fraction (IC50 0.78 mg/mL). It was concluded that medium polar fraction of C. paradesi possesses antidiabetic and anti‐AGEs potential that can be due to presence of flavonoids and polymethoxylated flavonoids.
Fibromyxoid aSoft Tissue Tumor With PLAG1 Fusion—The First Case in an Adult Patient
Authors: Strnadová M. , Balko J. , Brož P. , Wagenknecht L. , Krsková L.
Published: November 2024

With the expanding possibilities of human genome research in recent years, the number of cases of soft tissue tumors that we are able to classify into the correct subgroups and to reveal their molecular profile is increasing. Among such tumors, we can also consider neoplasms that have a specific fusion of genes, in our case namely the pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1) and its partner. PLAG1 gene fusions were previously associated mainly with salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas, lipoblastomas, myoepithelial tumors, uterine epitheloid, myxoid leiomyosarcomas, and, recently, with PLAG1‐rearranged fibromyxoid soft tissue tumors. To our knowledge, we report the first case of a soft tissue tumor with a PLAG1 fusion gene in an adult. In our case, we detected a new H3‐3B::PLAG1 fusion in a soft tissue tumor, which originally appeared as nodular fasciitis.
Saudi Arabian evidence‐based clinical practice guideline for the management of children with autism spectrum disorder: A national guideline adaptation using the KSU‐modified‐ADAPTE methodology
Authors: Alenezi Shuliweeh , Bashiri Fahad , Alawami Amel , Alhazmi Ayman , Aladamawai Somayyah , Alnemary Faisal , Alqahtani Yasser , Buraik Maysaa , AlSuwailem Saleh , Akhalifah Shahad , Al‐Salehi Saleh , Amer Yasser
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the national mental health priorities that has manifested a wide variability in practice in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This work aimed to adapt evidence‐based clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for ASD to synthesize the first national CPG for the management of children with ASD in KSA.

Methods

The CPG adaptation group comprised multidisciplinary expert clinicians and a CPG methodologist following the KSU‑Modified‑ADAPTE methodology. The last search date for source evidence‐based guidelines was March 2022.

Recommendations

Three main categories of recommendations were included: (i) prevention and early identification, coding, psychometric tools, telehealth, risk factors and referral criteria, (ii) diagnosis, differential diagnosis, investigations and family support, (iii) interventions with problem minimization and avoidance, treatment goals, physical wellbeing, nonpharmacological interventions, sensory integration, parent‐mediated interventions, cognitive behavioural therapy, pharmacological interventions, psycho‐education of the family, special cases or comorbidities, sleep management, gastrointestinal and feeding interventions, the transition of care from paediatrics to adulthood. CPG implementation tools included a baseline assessment tool, clinical scenarios, pathways, quality measures, referral forms, screening tools and useful online resources. The adapted CPG presents practical, evidence‑based guidance with implementation tools for managing children with ASD in KSA. The project illustrated the applicability of the KSU‑modified‑ADAPTE and highlighted the importance of collaboration between clinicians and methodologists for adapting national CPGs.
Unsuspected Malignant Mimicry From Topical Vitamin E and Micro Spike Roller
Authors: Hauser Jacob , Wilson Traeden , Huang Chelsea , Walker Paul
Published: November 2024

Background

Topical vitamin E is commonly used for its antioxidant properties in a rapidly expanding anti‐aging market. Cutaneous reaction to vitamin E is rare and can present a difficult diagnosis.

Methods

We report a unique case of a 46‐year‐old female who developed a severe cutaneous inflammatory chin lesion after topical use of vitamin E oil with a micro‐spike roller. Clinical examination found a friable and fungating mass which prompted biopsy due to suspected malignancy. Pathology ruled out malignancy and revealed chronic inflammation with xanthogranulomatous‐like features.

Results

The lesion was significantly improved with Kenalog injection treatment over 18 months. A scar excision procedure further enhanced the lesion cosmetically.

Conclusions

This case highlights the rarity and clinical diversity of vitamin E skin reactions, and their potential to mimic malignancies.
Psychological flexibility as a mediator in the relationship between resilience and academic burnout among Doctor of Physical Therapy students: A structural equation modeling study
Authors: Cherry Jason , Singh Gurpreet , Buck Michael
Published: November 2024

Background and Aims

Although resilience has been identified as an important factor for mitigating burnout among health profession students, little is known regarding the modifiable factors that should be emphasized to improve resilience in this population. The purpose of this study was to evaluate psychological flexibility as a modifiable mediator of the relationship between resilience and academic burnout among healthcare students.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study was conducted with 369 Doctor of Physical Therapy (DPT) students from universities across the United States. A two‐stage structural equation modeling approach, including confirmatory factor analysis and structural path analysis, was used to investigate psychological flexibility as a mediator of the relationship between resilience and academic burnout.

Results

The measurement and structural path models demonstrated a good fit to the data. Resilience had a statistically significant indirect association with less academic burnout through psychological flexibility as the mediator (β = −0.32, 95% confidence interval = [−0.43, −0.08], p < 0.001). The direct relationship between resilience and academic burnout was not statistically significant (β = −0.19, p = 0.10).

Conclusion

These results indicate that the positive effects of resilience on academic burnout occur through modifiable psychological flexibility processes only. These results suggest that psychological flexibility is a modifiable mechanism through which resilience impacts academic burnout. Developing interventions focusing on psychological flexibility may help students build resilience and limit academic burnout, positively impacting the students, their future institutions, and their future patients.
Research progress on the use of the optical coherence tomography system for the diagnosis and treatment of central nervous system tumors
Authors: Li Jiuhong , Ayi Ziba , Lu Gonggong , Rao Haibo , Yang Feilong , Li Jing , Sun Jiachen , Lu Junlin , Hu Xulin , Zhang Si , Hui Xuhui
Published: November 2024

In central nervous system (CNS) surgery, the accurate identification of tumor boundaries, achieving complete resection of the tumor, and safeguarding healthy brain tissue remain paramount challenges. Despite the expertise of neurosurgeons, the infiltrative nature of the tumors into the surrounding brain tissue often hampers intraoperative differentiation between tumorous and non‐tumorous tissue, thus hindering total tumor removal. Optical coherence tomography (OCT), with its unique advantages of high‐resolution imaging, efficient image acquisition, real‐time intraoperative detection, and radiation‐free and noninvasive properties, offers accurate diagnostic capabilities and invaluable intraoperative guidance for minimally invasive CNS tumor diagnosis and treatment. Various OCT systems have been employed in neurological tumor research, including polarization‐sensitive OCT systems, orthogonal polarization OCT systems, Doppler OCT systems, and OCT angiography systems. In addition, OCT‐based diagnostic and therapeutic techniques have been explored for the surgical resection of CNS tumors. This review aims to compile and evaluate the research progress surrounding the principles of OCT systems and their applications in CNS tumors, providing insights into potential future research avenues and clinical applications.
Children presume confident informants will be accurate (until proven otherwise)
Authors: Fobert Sophie , Varin Rose , Cossette Isabelle , Fournier Kaitline R. C. , Brosseau‐Liard Patricia E.
Published: November 2024

Past research has demonstrated that children prefer to learn from confident rather than hesitant informants. It is frequently assumed that they do so because they believe confidence to predict a person's knowledge and future accuracy; however, this assumption has not previously been tested. The present investigation therefore explored how 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children interpret informant confidence. Study 1 (N = 84) aimed to address whether informant confidence is interpreted as an indicator of knowledge. Study 2 (N = 87) explored how children's interpretation changes with conflicting informant credibility cues. Findings demonstrate that school‐aged children, but not preschoolers, expect correct statements from confident individuals and incorrect statements from hesitant informants. Additionally, school‐age children attribute word knowledge to a previously confident informant. When accuracy conflicts with confidence, accuracy drives 3‐ to 8‐year‐old children's knowledge attributions. This investigation builds on previous research and suggests that, by age 5 or 6, children do make individual epistemic inferences based on informant confidence.
Sex‐based differences in histologic lung cancer incidence trends in the United States, 2005–2019
Authors: Burus Todd , Patel Manali I. , Christian W. Jay , Huang Bin , Lang Kuhs Krystle A.
Published: November 2024

Decreases in lung cancer incidence in the United States (US) have paralleled decreasing smoking prevalence for several decades; however, recent data has revealed slower declines among females than males. Sex‐based differences in histologic lung cancer—and specifically adenocarcinoma—for all 50 US states and the District of Columbia have never been investigated. Using population‐based cancer registry data from the US Cancer Statistics, we examined age‐adjusted histologic lung cancer incidence rates and trends by sex and state of residence at diagnosis. We compared state‐level adenocarcinoma incidence to lung cancer screening (LCS) adherence and smoking prevalence estimates. Average annual percentage change (AAPC) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) were used to assess changes over time. Nationally, females experienced faster increases in adenocarcinoma incidence than males (1.75%/year vs. 0.35%/year), and slower decreases in incidence of squamous cell (−0.06%/year vs. −1.58%/year) and small cell carcinoma (−2.06%/year vs. −3.19%/year). Adenocarcinoma incidence increased significantly (AAPC>0) in 41 states among females compared to 10 among males. Significant adenocarcinoma increases in individuals under age 55 (IRR >1) occurred among females in six states (four in the southeastern US) and none among males. State‐level LCS adherence was significantly associated with adenocarcinoma incidence among females (r = 0.39; p<.01) but not males, though screening cannot account for increases among females under age 55. Our results highlight sex‐based differences in histologic lung cancer incidence trends, with specific concern for increases in adenocarcinoma in the southeastern US. Further research is needed into appropriate LCS eligibility criteria and the risk factors driving sex‐based disparities.
Total en bloc spondylectomy in testicular immature teratoma: Long‐term survival amidst vertebral metastasis escalated by growing teratoma syndrome
Authors: Tamaki Masahiro , Maruno Kouhei , Hazama Tatsuya , Takahashi Toshifumi , Yamada Yuya , Nakashima Masakazu , Kikkawa Kazuro , Ito Noriyuki
Published: November 2024

Introduction

We present a rare case of long‐term survival following metastasectomy for lumbar metastasis with growing teratoma syndrome.

Case presentation

An 18‐year‐old man presented with left scrotal mass and lumbago. Alpha‐fetoprotein was elevated to 648.8 ng/mL, while human chorionic gonadotropin and lactate hydrogenase were normal. Pathology of left inguinal orchiectomy revealed immature teratoma, and computed tomography confirmed a single metastasis in the second lumbar vertebra. After two courses of bleomycin, etoposide, cisplatin chemotherapy, alpha‐fetoprotein decreased, but computed tomography confirmed an enlarged lumbar metastasis. A vertebral biopsy demonstrated teratoma with a dominant mature component, and growing teratoma syndrome was suspected. Following additional etoposide, cisplatin chemotherapy, and normalization of alfa‐fetoprotein, total spondylectomy was performed. Vertebral pathology proved mature teratoma. After adjuvant chemotherapy, he has been recurrence‐free for 17 years.

Conclusion

Spondylectomy of a single metastatic vertebra contributed to long‐term survival in a testicular teratoma case.
How much and how long? The transmission of external shocks on stock market in Chinese hospitality and tourism industry
Authors: Chen Yuan , Yu Qikexin , Yuan Peiwen , Zhao Yeyang
Published: November 2024

In this study, we employ the synthetic control method to evaluate the transmission of external shocks, taking COVID‐19 as an example, on the stock market in the Chinese hospitality and tourism industry, specifically in the catering, hotel, cultural landscape, natural landscape, and travel agency sectors. We find an increasingly negative causal effect on stock returns in all five sectors within 1–2 days after the external shock occurred. However, this impact then gradually shrank, disappearing after 7 days. We also show that the short‐ and long‐term causal effects of the external shock on stock volatility in the above sectors are positive and significant, due to the great uncertainty induced by the pandemic. We examine the sensitivity of stock market reactions and find that hotels are the most vulnerable among the five sectors in terms of the duration of the pandemic's negative impact. Finally, we report that larger firms in the catering and hotel sectors (compared to the other three sectors) show a greater increase in volatility. These findings provide valuable insights into financial market reactions to an external shock and offer implications for crisis management in the hospitality and tourism industry during such events.
YTHDF3 rs7464 A > G polymorphism increases Chinese neuroblastoma risk: A multiple‐center case–control study
Authors: Lin Huiran , Chen Yongping , Chen Liping , Zhang Wenli , Zhu Jinhong , Zhang Xinxin , Yang Zhonghua , Zhang Jiao , Cheng Jiwen , Li Li , Zhou Haixia , Li Suhong , Zhuo Zhenjian , He Jing
Published: November 2024

Neuroblastoma (NB), a rare childhood cancer originating in nerve tissue. YTHDF3, a member of the YTH domain protein family, is involved in RNA m6A modification and cancer progression. Polymorphisms in YTHDF3 may influence its expression and biological function. Herein, this study estimated the association between YTHDF3 polymorphisms (rs2241753, rs2241754, and rs7464) and NB susceptibility in a multicenter study comprising 898 cases and 1734 controls. We genotyped YTHDF3 candidate polymorphisms by the TaqMan assay. Logistic regression analysis was applied to indicate the possible relationships between these polymorphisms and NB susceptibility, using odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the rs2241753 GA versus GG decreased NB risk (Adjusted OR = 0.84, 95% CI = 0.71–0.997, p = .047), while the rs7464 GG versus AA enhanced NB risk (Adjusted OR = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.20–2.18, p = .002). Additionally, rs7464 GG versus AA/AG showed a higher risk (Adjusted OR = 1.66, 95% CI = 1.24–2.22, p = .0006). Combination analysis showed that having 1–3 risk genotypes versus 0 was associated with increased NB risk (Adjusted OR = 1.28, 95%CI = 1.09–1.51, p = .003). The significance of rs7464 and the risk genotypes combination persisted across multiple subgroups, whereas rs2241754 was significant only in mediastinal NB. False‐positive report probability (FPRP) confirmed the reliability of results. Notably, the interaction between rs7464 and rs2241754 may increase NB risk dramatically. Our study demonstrated that YTHDF3 rs7464 A > G significantly affected NB susceptibility, warranting validation in larger sample sizes.
Urine Analysed by FTIR, Chemometrics and Machine Learning Methods in Determination Spectroscopy Marker of Prostate Cancer in Urine
Authors: Mitura Przemysław , Paja Wiesław , Klebowski Bartosz , Płaza Paweł , Bar Krzyszof , Młynarczyk Grzegorz , Depciuch Joanna
Published: November 2024

Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is the most commonly used marker of prostate cancer. However, nearly 25% of men with elevated PSA levels do not have cancer and nearly 20% of patients with prostate cancer have normal serum PSA levels. Therefore, in this study, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was investigated as a new tool for detection of prostate cancer from urine. Obtained results showed higher levels of glucose, urea and creatinine in urine collected from patients with prostate cancer than that in control. Principal component analysis (PCA) was not noticed possibility of differentiation urine collected from healthy and nonhealthy patients. However, machine learning algorithms showed 0.90 accuracy and precision of FTIR in detection of prostate cancer from urine. We showed that wavenumbers at 1614 cm−1 and 2972 cm−1 were candidates for prostate cancer spectroscopy markers. Importantly, these FTIR markers correlated with Gleason score, PSA and mpMRI PI‐RADS category.
Concordance of Freehand 3D Ultrasound Muscle Measurements With Sarcopenia Parameters in a Geriatric Rehabilitation Ward
Authors: Huet Jeremie , Nordez Antoine , Sarcher Aurélie , Mathieu Marie , Cornu Christophe , Boureau Anne‐Sophie
Published: November 2024

Background

Sarcopenia is a devastating disease for older adults, but it lacks accessible and reliable tools for measuring total appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM). Two‐dimensional muscle ultrasound (US) has been developed for its bedside clinical advantages and feasibility but lacks standardization and prediction performance. We previously validated a new 3D‐US technique to measure muscle volume (MV) at bedside and applied it in a geriatric rehabilitation setting.

Objectives were to analyse the concordance between 3D‐US MV and ASMM and compare concordance between 3D‐US MV and 2D‐US parameters with ASMM.

Methods

Participants were recruited in a Geriatric rehabilitation ward in Nantes, France, from May to October 2022. Exclusion criteria were as follows: oedema in the lower limbs or recent history of unilateral lower limb damage or stroke. ASMM was measured with bioelectrical impedance analysis; 3D‐US and 2D‐US acquisitions were performed on three muscles of the right lower limb. Measures of strength (hand grip, knee extension and ankle dorsiflexion) were also recorded. Reliability of 3D‐US MV measurements on 10 participants was high (ICC = 0.99).

We used Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) and bias correction factor for agreement between variables and linear regression models for prediction equations.

Results

Fifty‐eight participants had an interpretable ASMM of whom 17 (29%) had a diagnosis of sarcopenia. Volumes of TA, RF and VL were all significantly concordant with ASMM measured by BIA (all p values < 0.001), with CCCs respectively of 0.72, 0.61 and 0.60. MV were all significantly concordant with isometric strength (p values < 0.001). Concordance and correlation with ASMM were higher with 3D‐US than 2D‐US measurements regardless of the muscle. Prediction of ASMM reached an adjusted R2 of 0.8 with tibialis anterior volume, biometrics and 2D measurements.

Conclusions

This study was the first to use 3D‐US in a geriatric setting and develop a model to predict ASMM in very old hospitalized patients. MV measurements with 3D‐US proved to be reliable and more concordant with appendicular muscle mass and strength than 2D parameters.
Impact of intermittent power supply on electrokinetic remediation of chromium‐contaminated soil
Authors: Huang Zhaoqin , Hu LinChao , Ji Dongliang , Feng Xiaowei , Ge Liang
Published: November 2024

BACKGROUND

This study investigates the effectiveness of electrokinetic remediation (EKR) with an intermittent power supply on soil contaminated with varying concentrations of chromium (Cr). Two soil types, designated as Soil A and Soil B, were analyzed to assess the impact of different remediation strategies.

RESULTS

Soil A, characterized by lower total Cr levels (1137 mg/kg), exhibited Cr (VI) removal rates exceeding 85%, peaking at 90.79% during the EK1 treatment (20 h on/4 h off). In contrast, Soil B, with significantly higher total Cr concentrations (6639 mg/kg), demonstrated a maximum Cr (VI) removal rate of approximately 80%. The study evaluated the influence of current, soil pH, and the three‐dimensional distribution of total Cr, Cr (VI), and Cr (III). Energy consumption increased with longer power‐off durations, while Soil B benefited from reduced energy usage and achieved nearly 10% higher Cr (VI) removal efficiency under specific conditions.

CONCLUSION

The findings demonstrate that EKR with intermittent power supply is an effective and energy‐efficient approach for remediating Cr‐contaminated soils, particularly when tailored to the specific characteristics of the contaminated soil types. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).