bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La encrucijada espacial del siglo XXI. Las megaconstelaciones
Authors: Hellman Jacqueline
Published: May 2024

La llegada del hombre a la Luna en 1969 marcó un hito en el ámbito de la exploración espacial; además, de poner fin a la intensa rivalidad que existía entre la entonces Unión Soviética y Estados Unidos por la conquista del espacio. Los proyectos espaciales posteriores evolucionaron hacia una colaboración amplia que nos llevan hasta al actual programa Artemis, el cual se erige como una iniciativa conjunta que implica a una buena parte de la comunidad internacional, si bien es cierto que se encuentra liderada por la NASA. En cualquier caso, su objetivo es particularmente desafiante: regresar a la superficie lunar y establecer una base permanente que sirva de ayuda a futuras misiones tripuladas con destino, principalmente, a Marte. Nos hallamos, pues, ante una nueva era espacial en la que los revolucionarios avances tecnológicos constituyen un rasgo destacable. Todo lo cual debe conjugarse junto al relevante rol que están desempeñando empresas privadas como Space X y Blue Origin, aportando nuevas posibilidades y enfoques en la exploración y explotación espacial por medio, fundamentalmente, del lanzamiento de mega-constelaciones, redes de pequeños satélites en la órbita terrestre baja, que prometen —inter alia— extender la conectividad global y mejorar la observación terrestre. Al hilo de las presentes consideraciones, debe indicarse que estos aparatos están teniendo un profundo impacto en el entorno espacial hasta el punto de que se prevé un aumento significativo de artefactos en la próxima década. Todo lo cual está acrecentando la congestión orbital, así como la presencia de desechos en el espacio. Este complejo panorama se ha visto agravado ante un marco regulatorio internacional profundamente desfasado. En definitiva, la tecnología emergente relativa a las mega-constelaciones está superando con creces la casuística que prevé la regulación espacial en vigor, creando lagunas y consolidando los retos que necesitan ser abordados a través de la actualización y el fortalecimiento del marco regulatorio oportuno. Todo lo anterior será objeto de análisis en la presente obra en la que, además, se plasmarán posibles soluciones legislativas.
Om forfatterne
Authors: K&K Redaktionen
Published: May 2024

About th contributors
Kritik efter postkolonialiteten
Authors: Scott David
Published: May 2024

How can we best forge a theoretical practice that directly addresses the struggles of once-colonized countries, many of which face the collapse of both state and society in today’s era of economic reform? David Scott argues that recent cultural theories aimed at “deconstructing” Western representations of the non-West have been successful to a point, but that changing realities in these countries require a new approach. In Refashioning Futures, he proposes a strategic practice of criticism that brings the political more clearly into view in areas of the world where the very coherence of a secular-modern project can no longer be taken for granted.
Efter det kritiske subjekt
Authors: Bolt Mikkel
Published: May 2024

The article revisits the question of the critical subject through a reading of Jacques Rancière and Fred Moten. It starts out by giving an account of a longer historical trajectory where the notions of critique and revolution have run into the ground. David Scott’s nuanced analysis of the shift from an anticolonial romantic revolutionary perspective to a tragic postcolonial stance is both affirmed and challenged. Affirmed in so far as Scott’s analysis is embedded in a broader historical context, challenged by the presentation of two attempts to think the notion of a critical subject after the disappearance of a previous notion of an antisystemic subject. The second half of the article is a discussion of Rancière’s notion of a political subjectivation that is not based on pre-existing identities but is a break with the logic of a functionalist society. Followed by a discussion of Moten’s concept of Blackness that follows the Afro-Pessimist reading of the radical dispossession of Blacks but turn it into a possibility for a different kind of community.
Ill-treatment in the Chilean prison system – an analysis of reports presented by the National Institute of Human Rights (INDH) and their handling by the legal actors
Authors: Stippel Jörg Alfred , Sanhueza Rodrigo , Vergara Cisternas Luis
Published: May 2024

Prisons in Latin America are often described as violent and lawless places. In this context, we analyse the Chilean case. We want to find out how complaints of torture and ill-treatment are investigated if the victim is a person deprived of liberty? Our hypothesis is that the response to the phenomenon, both in the prosecution of the perpetrators and in the protection of its victims, does not take into consideration the guidelines established in international standards, especially those contained in the Istanbul Protocol.
To this end, we analyse a total of 124 complaints of torture or ill-treatment filed by the Chilean National Human Rights Institute (INDH). This information was then used to research the processing of these cases in the virtual portal of the Chilean Judiciary. In a next step we created a database that contains different information extracted from the electronic case files. This is the source for the quantitative analysis. For the qualitative part of our study, we describe the facts contained in the complaints and document the way they were handled.  
The findings confirm our hypothesis. An excessive amount of time elapses between the alleged torture or mistreatment, the filing of complaints, the use of protective measures and the termination of the cases. There are serious deficiencies in the investigations carried out by the Public Prosecutor's Office. Therefore, most of the complaints are not clarified and end up being shelved sooner or later. We conclude that, both the actions of the judges and the prosecutors in the processing of the complaints, make it clear that when it comes to investigating acts of torture or ill-treatment inside Chilean prisons, the standards of the Istanbul Protocol are not met.
State violence against protesters
Authors: McEvoy Matthew , Corney Neil , Parras Marina , Haar Rohini
Published: May 2024

Introduction: In recent years mass protest movements have taken to the streets in many countries across the world. Despite strong international and domestic legal protections for the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and other fundamental human rights, entire assemblies are frequently labelled violent and less lethal weapons are used to disperse them. Methods: This article examines the weapons often used by police against public assemblies. Focusing on striking weapons (batons), chemical irritants, kinetic impact projectiles and stun grenades, the article uses examples from various countries to illustrate how these weapons are being used and the associated human rights and health impacts. Results: Worrying trends identified include the use of dangerous or untested equipment, such as thermal foggers to deploy chemical irritants; the use of inherently abusive weapons, such as whips or sjamboks; and the increasing use of certain types of munitions, specifically indiscriminate kinetic impact projectiles. Discussion: The article seeks to support medical and legal professionals becoming more familiar with the weapons being used in the countries they practice in, the effects of those weapons, and clinical aspects in the presentation and care of those exposed.
New project sheds light on the worldwide use of solitary confinement
Authors: Mølgaard Andrea
Published: May 2024

The ‘Mapping Solitary Confinement’ project, launched in early 2024 by Dr Sharon Shalev and collaborators, aims to shed light on the global use of solitary confinement - also known as 'isolation' or ‘segregation’. The project, a collaborative effort involving contributors from all over the world, is structured around relevant human rights standards, in particular the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture’s recommendations and the United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners also known as the ‘Mandela Rules’ (UN, 2011; UN General Assembly, 2015). The project includes comprehensive reports on national practices from 57 jurisdictions within 42 countries across six continents, compiled by a wide network of volunteers all over the world.
The Movement in Resistance against Eye Aggressions by MOCAO as a social movement for justice, reparation and the right to peace and freedom in Colombia
Authors: Guerrero Rubiano Andrés Juan , Bernal Martínez Daniel Antonio , Fonseca Juan Pablo
Published: May 2024

The collective action of MOCAO, Movimiento en resistencia contra las agresiones oculares del ESMAD (Escuadrón Móvil Antidisturbios) is presented as a social strategy to demand access to justice and the fulfilment of guarantees of reparation and non-repetition in Colombia. A brief account is given of significant events in our trajectory as a social movement, together with our letter of petitions to the national government as victims and survivors of ocular aggressions in the framework of police violence. Although ESMAD today has been reformed under the name of the Unit for Dialogue and Maintenance of Order (UNDMO), we consider that there have not yet been structural changes to ensure that its function is related to protecting the constitutional right to social protest.
ДАНИЦА МАРКОВИЋ – ПРВА СРПСКА МОДЕРНА ПЈЕСНИКИЊА
Authors: Лукић Мирјана М.
Published: May 2024

Циљ овога рада је да укажемо на новине које пјесни- киња Даница Марковић (1879–1932) доноси у поезију срп- ске модерне. Посебан акценат биће стављен на тематски по- мак поезије ове пјесникиње, који је више него очигледан у односу на поезију коју су писале њене претходнице и савременице (Милица Стојадиновић Српкиња, Јелена Димитријевић, Лена Степановић). У краћем осврту преиспи- таћемо њено писмо у свјетлу књижевне критике, у намјери да истакнемо како се поезија Данице Марковић дуго вре- мена читала као исповједна, тј. аутобиографска, због чега се искреност издвајала као њено главно обиљежје. Даница Марковић у поезију српске модерне доноси аутентични глас жене пјесникиње, која без зазора и са вели- ком храброшћу пјева о интимном свијету жене. Ширећи корпус тема и мотива, ова пјесникиња ће, уједно, бити и прва која ће у српској поезији зазивати смрт драгог из перспек- тиве ојађене и преварене жене. У љубавним жудњама Марковићева не приказује болећиву и скрушену жену, већ ону која признаје и открива своје нечисте жуди. Са истом отвореношћу пјева се о љубавним разочарањима, губитку виталистичке енергије, губитку женске љепоте и то у тре- нутку док пјесникиња има двадесет и пет година. У раду ће бити анализиран и пјесникињин однос према Богу. Ова тема заузима значајно мјесто у поезији Данице Марковић.
ТИПОВИ ТУЂЕГ ГОВОРА У ПИСАЊУ СРБОФОНИХ ГОВОРНИКА НА ЕНГЛЕСКОМ
Authors: Шућур Срђан Р.
Published: May 2024

Употреба туђег говора једна је од најфундаментални- јих одлика свакодневне људске конверзације. Туђе ријечи наводимо како бисмо образложили своје аргументе, или оспорили туђе, како у говору, тако и у писању. У овом раду, узевши у обзир и прескриптивни и дескриптивни приступ посматрању туђег говора у савременом енглеском језику, покушали смо да установимо најзаступљеније типове туђег говора у писању србофоних говорника на енглеском језику. Испоставило се да се управни и слободни управни говор јав- љају у значајно мањем броју случајева од неуправног говора. Као најзаступљенији глагол у уводним клаузама у управном говору издваја се глагол say. Овај глагол најчешћи је у увод- ним клаузама и у неуправном говору, поред глагола think, claim, believe, tell и ask. Значајно присуство глагола claim може се сматрати одликом међујезика србофоних говор- ника енглеског језика. Када је у питању слагање времена између уводне клаузе у којој је глагол у претериту и времена у зависној клаузи, биљежимо и помјерање времена у зави- сној клаузи, као и одступање од слагања времена. Понекад је то одступање у складу са изнимкама које допуштају прескриптивни и дескриптивни приступ, а у извјесном броју случајева може се сматрати посљедицом трансфера из срп- ског језика. Претрагом корпуса нисмо пронашли примјере слободног неуправног говора.
ДИДАКТИЧКЕ ИГРЕ И ДРУГИ МАТЕРИЈАЛИ КАО РЕЛЕВАНТНА СРЕДСТВА ПОВЕЋАЊА ЕФИКАСНОСТИ НАСТАВНОГ ПРОЦЕСА
Authors: Миликић Наталија J. , Стевовић Ирена Ј.
Published: May 2024

Савремена настава страних језика све се више усмје- рава на креативне дидактичке материјале који доприносе да ученици на занимљив и специфичан начин усвајају одре- ђени страни језик. Један од тих материјала јесте и игра којој, као форми забавног и едукативног карактера у наставном процесу, припада особито мјестo. Она ствара пријатну ат- мосферу међу ученицима и наставницима и као таква утиче на когнитивни развој дјетета, подстиче његову мотивацију и социјализацију и умногоме олакшава пут ка правилном овладавању страним (руским) језиком. Игра оживљава так- мичарски дух, мотивише и стимулише ученике ка бољем и квалитетнијем учењу, она уноси живост, ведрину и радост и као таква доприноси успјешнијем извршавању сваког за- датка у школи. У раду се сагледавају бројни релевантни дидактички материјали (игре, загонетке, ребуси, брзалице, пословице, шале, анегдоте, пјесме за пјевање, стихови истакнутих пје- сника итд.), присутни у анализираним уџбеницима руског језика за основну школу из три уџбеничке серије Давайте дружить! Орбита и Диалог. Циљ нашег истраживања јесте да уз помоћ експертизе наведеног уџбеничког корпуса на што ваљанији начин сагледамо и оцијенимо да ли су и у ком степену присутни наведени дидактички садржаји у анализираним уџбеницима, као и да детерминишемо облике и врсте дидактичких игара и материјала у њима.
Effect of SlSAHH2 on metabolites in over-expressed and wild-type tomato fruit
Authors: Yang Lu , Teng Yue , Bu Sijia , Ma Ben , Guo Shijia , Liang Mengxiao , Huang Lifen
Published: May 2024

Background

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is an annual or perennial herb that occupies an important position in daily agricultural production. It is an essential food crop for humans and its ripening process is regulated by a number of genes. S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (AdoHcyase, EC 3.3.1.1) is widespread in organisms and plays an important role in regulating biological methylation reactions. Previous studies have revealed that transgenic tomato that over-express SlSAHH2 ripen earlier than the wild-type (WT). However, the differences in metabolites and the mechanisms driving how these differences affect the ripening cycle are unclear.

Objective

To investigate the effects of SlSAHH2 on metabolites in over-expressed tomato and WT tomato.

Methods

SlSAHH2 over-expressed tomato fruit (OE-5# and OE-6#) and WT tomato fruit at the breaker stage (Br) were selected for non-targeted metabolome analysis.

Results

A total of 733 metabolites were identified by mass spectrometry using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database and the Human Metabolome database (HMDB). The metabolites were divided into 12 categories based on the superclass results and a comparison with the HMDB. The differences between the two databases were analyzed by PLS-DA. Based on a variable important in projection value >1 and P < 0.05, 103 differential metabolites were found between tomato variety OE-5# and WT and 63 differential metabolites were found between OE-6# and WT. These included dehydrotomatine, L-serine, and gallic acid amongst others. Many metabolites are associated with fruit ripening and eight common metabolites were found between the OE-5# vs. WT and OE-6# vs. WT comparison groups. The low L-tryptophan expression in OE-5# and OE-6# is consistent with previous reports that its content decreases with fruit ripening. A KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of the significantly different metabolites revealed that in the OE-5# and WT groups, up-regulated metabolites were enriched in 23 metabolic pathways and down-regulated metabolites were enriched in 11 metabolic pathways. In the OE-6# and WT groups, up-regulated metabolites were enriched in 29 pathways and down-regulated metabolites were enriched in six metabolic pathways. In addition, the differential metabolite changes in the L-serine to flavonoid transformation metabolic pathway also provide evidence that there is a phenotypic explanation for the changes in transgenic tomato.

Discussion

The metabolomic mechanism controlling SlSAHH2 promotion of tomato fruit ripening has been further elucidated.
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy efficacy and prognosis in HER2-low and HER2-zero breast cancer patients by HR status: a retrospective study in China
Authors: Zhao Shaorong , Wang Yuyun , Zhou Angxiao , Liu Xu , Zhang Yi , Zhang Jin
Published: May 2024

Background

The promising efficacy of novel anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) in HER2-low breast cancer has made HER2-low a research hotspot. However, controversy remains regarding the neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) efficacy, prognosis, and the relationship with hormone receptor (HR) status of HER2-low.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 975 patients with HER2-negative breast cancer undergoing NAC at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, evaluating pathological complete response (pCR) rate and prognosis between HER2-low and HER2-zero in the overall cohort and subgroups.

Results

Overall, 579 (59.4%) and 396 (40.6%) patients were HER2-low and HER2-zero disease, respectively. Compared with HER2-zero, the HER2-low cohort consists of more postmenopausal patients, with lower histological grade and higher HR positivity. In the HR-positive subgroup, HER2-low cases remain to exhibit lower histological grade, while in the HR-negative subgroup, they show higher grade. The HER2-low group had lower pCR rates than the HER2-zero group (16.4% vs. 24.0%). In the HR-positive subgroup, HER2-low consistently showed lower pCR rate (8.1% vs. 15.5%), and served as an independent suppressive factor for the pCR rate. However, no significant difference was observed in the pCR rates between HER2-low and HER2-zero in the HR-negative breast cancer. In the entire cohort and in stratified subgroups based on HR and pCR statuses, no difference in disease-free survival were observed between HER2-low and HER2-zero.

Conclusions

In the Chinese population, HER2-low breast cancer exhibits distinct characteristics and efficacy of NAC in different HR subgroups. Its reduced pCR rate in HR-positive subgroup is particularly important for clinical decisions. However, HER2-low is not a reliable factor for assessing long-term survival outcomes.
Implantação e uso do banco de talentos em uma instituição de ensino superior no norte do país
Authors: Muller Carlos André da Silva , Okamoto Eduardo Yukio , Nascimento Waldenice Freitas do , Batista Washington da Silva
Published: May 2024

Trata-se de pesquisa realizada na Fundação Universidade Federal de Rondônia – UNIR para verificar a possibilidade de se efetivar na instituição o banco de talentos na Gestão de Pessoas, que neste caso, por se tratar de um órgão público federal, tratará de aspectos relacionados aos servidores públicos federais. O banco de talentos é uma ferramenta que permite conhecer as competências dos indivíduos através da Gestão de Pessoas e Recursos Humanos, onde a administração munida dessas informações, que são inerentes à área administrativa terá facilidade de identificar as melhores opções de locação/realocação de servidores, de acordo com o que mais se assemelham ao seu perfil profissional e social, tendo assim um melhor aproveitamento desses profissionais, proporcionando aos mesmos, satisfação pessoal. Além da melhoria no gerenciamento e desenvolvimento das pessoas, o banco de talentos também tem como objetivo a compatibilização das competências institucionais com competências humanas e técnicas dos servidores, maior satisfação no trabalho interno e externo à instituição, e a excelência de resultados para a Administração Direta do Poder Executivo. Os benefícios conquistados por algumas organizações que implantaram o banco de talentos são muitos, fato este que revelou a necessidade das empresas em tanto públicas quanto privadas em aderirem este modelo de gestão. Neste sentido, verificou-se que na UNIR sua implementação está em fase preliminar, e já foi elaborado um plano de ação que tramita na reitoria da Instituição. Para tanto, há a necessidade de se dar continuidade aos trabalhos desenvolvidos até o momento, sendo interessante a imposição de metas e prazos para sua implementação.
Investigating the Relationship between Electrolyte Levels and ABO Blood Groups: Prospects for Customized Medicine
Authors: Airhomwanbor K. O.  , Ebaluegbeifoh L. O.  , Omolumen L. E.  , Usiobeigbe O. S.  , Ugege C.  , Omisakin I. A.  , Dada F. L.  , Oikerhe E. G.  , Imasete H.
Published: May 2024

Human ABO blood type antigens exhibit alternative phenotypes and genetically derived glycoconjugate structures that are located on the red cell surface which play an active role in the cells' physiology and pathology. This study was carried out to evaluate the electrolytes, urea and creatinine of individuals with different ABO blood groups in Ekpoma. A total of one hundred (100) samples were used in this study. Electrolytes was estimated using ion selective electrode, urea was estimated using Berthelot method, while creatinine was estimated using Jaffe’s method. The results were presented in tables as mean ± standard deviation. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the student’s t-test. Significant difference was accepted at p<0.05. The results obtained showed that Sodium (Na) (mmol/L) was significantly higher (p<0.05) in subjects with blood group O (136.72±1.22) and blood group A (136.00±1.36) when compared with blood group B (134.56±2.56). Potassium (K) (mmol/L) was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in blood group A (3.62±0.29), followed by blood group O (3.59±0.18) and least in blood group B (3.51±0.22). Bicarbonate (HCO3) (mmol/L) was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in blood group A (21.17±1.76), followed by blood group O (20.67±1.09) and least in blood group B (20.52±0.91). Chloride (Cl) (mmol/L) was non-significantly higher in blood group O (103.20±1.81) followed by blood group A (102.10±2.35) and least in blood group B (101.60±3.58). Furthermore, Urea (mg/dl) was non-significantly higher (p>0.05) in blood group O (23.20±4.57), followed by blood group A (21.48±4.15) and least in blood group B (20.76±5.15). Similarly, Creatinine (mg/dl) was non-significantly higher in blood group O (0.65±0.15), followed by blood group A (0.63±0.12) and least in blood group B (0.62±0.15). In conclusion, electrolytes, urea and creatinine were higher in blood group A and O compared with blood group B. With respect to gender, Na, HCO3, Cl, Urea and Creatinine were significantly higher in male subjects compared with female subjects. There was no significant difference in electrolytes, urea and creatinine of the subjects with respect to age (p>0.05). Further studies should be carried out to understand the mechanism behind increase in electrolytes, urea and creatinine in certain blood group compared with others.
Exploitation of Grafting for Abiotic and Biotic Stress Management in Vegetable Crops: A Review
Authors: Nadoda Nisha A. , Barot D. C. , Baria V. K. , Chaudhari V. M.
Published: May 2024

Growing vegetables is often impacted by various abiotic and biotic stresses that can hinder growth and yield. Abiotic stresses, such as salinity, water stress, and temperature fluctuations, and biotic stresses, including diseases, pests, and nematodes, pose significant threats to agriculture. Grafting, a horticultural technique, offers a promising solution to overcome these challenges. In cases of salinity stress, grafting with salt-tolerant rootstocks can limit the transport of harmful ions to the shoot and help store them in the roots, mitigating ion toxicity. Water stress, including drought and water logging, can be addressed by grafting with drought-tolerant rootstocks, which can reduce yield losses and enhance photosynthesis under adverse water conditions. Grafting can also improve nutrient uptake, translocation of water, and osmoregulation, thereby assisting plants in surviving under water stress. High and low-temperature stresses, which can disrupt plant metabolism, membrane stability, and growth, can also be addressed through grafting. Grafted plants with temperature-tolerant rootstocks may indirectly enhance tolerance to extreme temperatures. Additionally, grafted plants can adapt to varying temperature conditions by promoting root growth, nutrient absorption, and the production of specific compounds that protect against temperature-related damage. Heavy metal stress, which can contaminate crops and impact human health, can be alleviated by using rootstocks that control the uptake and transport of heavy metals, reducing their toxicity to plants. Furthermore, grafting can effectively combat biotic stresses. By selecting disease-resistant rootstocks, plants can be protected against soil-borne diseases, pests, and nematodes, thereby increasing yields and sustainability in agriculture.
Effect of Storage Conditions and Duration of Storage on Seed Germination of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schum and Thonn) Taub and (Annona muricata) Linn
Authors: Dada C. A. , Arowosegbe S.
Published: May 2024

Tetrapleura tetraptera and Annona muricata are medicinal plant species with a great medicinal values. Despite their usefulness, preservation of their seed from harvest time to the time when they are required for planting has not been given adequate attention. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of storage conditions and duration of storage on seed germination of T. tetraptera and Annona muricata. Fifty (50) seeds each of Tetrapleura tetraptera and Annona muricata were planted in top soil to determine their germination percentages before subjected to storage conditions, while Tetrapleura tetraptera has 94% germination, Annona muricata has 72% germination.   Four storage conditions viz: cold room, refrigerator, room air conditioned and laboratory were used and the experiment was carried out in Ekiti State University, Ado – Ekiti. Seeds stored at different temperatures were collected and planted in polythene nylons filled with top-soil and watered daily, the experiments were replicated four times  to test for the germinability on  monthly basis for six months. In Tetrapleura tetraptera, highest percentage germination (50%) was recorded in seeds stored in the air conditioned room at 1 month. This was followed by seeds store in the refrigerator with 47% at 2 month. Seeds stored in the room air conditioned had percentage germination of 39% at 2 months, 30.50% at 3 months and 10.70% at 4 month of the experiment. No further germination in seeds under this treatment was observed at the last two months of the experiment.  While seeds stored in refrigerator recorded 5.20% at 1 months of the experiment. Seeds stored in cold room and those in laboratory recorded no emergence throughout the period of the experiment. Also in Annona muricata, Highest percentage germination (58.00%) was observed in seeds stored in the room air conditioned at 1 month of the experiment, this was followed by the seeds in this same temperature at two month of the experiment with mean plumule emergence value of 39.00%, seeds under this temperature (air condition) did not respond to germination at 5th and 6th months of the experiment.  Seeds of Annona muricata stored in the cold room responded to germination with unappreciable value of 2.05% only at third month of the experiment. Only 1.6% of the seeds stored in the laboratory emerged at 5th month of experimental time, seeds stored in the refrigerator did not respond for the first two months, last fifth and sixth month of the experiment but had 15.53% and 35.00% plumule emergence at third and fourth month of the experiment respectively. Thus, storage of seeds of T. tetraptera and A. muricata in air conditioned room with temperature of -200C might enhance germination in these species.
Efficacy of Eucheuma denticulatum Extract and Azadirachta indica Powder against Maize Weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) Infesting Stored Maize Grains
Authors: Peter Mremi Jubilate , Rashid Suleiman , Majaliwa Nuria
Published: May 2024

Storage insect pests destroy food grains in storage. In the present study, the insecticidal activity of red seaweed extract (Eucheuma denticulatum) and neem (Azadirachta indica) was examined against maize weevils (Sitophilus zeamais) and the quality of the stored maize was assessed for a three months storage period. Three rates (0.0, 1.6 and 4.8% w/w) of neem powder and seaweed extract were used as treatments. The collected data were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) using General Linear Model in SPSS computer software packages (version 25) and mean comparisons were conducted using Turkey’s (HSD) test at the 5% level of significance. Sitophilus zeamais, mortality, grain weight loss, and rate of germination were recorded for each treatment. The 4.8%w/w mixture of seaweed extract and neem seed powder was more toxic, followed by the mixture of the extract and neem leaf powder (84.5% and 73.3% mortality rates, respectively), while in the control, mortality was 20%. In all treatments, Sitophilus zeamais mortality increased with increasing doses. Grain weight loss was high in the control (5.6%), followed by grains treated with 1.6% extracts of Eucheuma denticulatum alone (2.8%). The percentage of damaged maize grains was high in the control (14%) and low in grains treated with 4.8% seaweed extract and neem leaf powder (3.3%). Percentage germination was high in grains treated with 4.8% and 1.6% seaweed extracts alone (96% and 87% respectively) and in control (91%). Additionally, sensory evaluation results in terms of color, odor and overall acceptability showed that maize grains treated with both botanicals could be accepted by the general public for consumption. The results indicate promising potential for seaweed extract and neem powder in controlling maize weevils, offering sustainable and environmentally friendly solutions for stored grain protection.
Comparative Efficacy of Chemicals with Biopesticides against Mustard Aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) on Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Bhateshwar Priyanka , Tayde Anoorag Rajnikanth
Published: May 2024

Research experiment was carried out under the field conditions during the rabi season of 2023-2024 at Central research field SHUATS Prayagraj, UP, India. The management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt) was done using different treatments and benefit cost ratio of all the treatments were calculated. One spray was applied to protect the crop from Lipaphis erysimi using randomized block design with three replications. The observation of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi 24 hours before (Pre-treatment) and 3rd, 7th, and 14th day after spraying (Post-treatment) were recorded for computing the per cent population reduction of pest.  The different chemicals and biopesticides treatments revealed that Imidacloprid 17.8% SL (87.21%) shows the highest per sent reduction and was the most effective treatment followed by Cypermethrin 10% EC (84.31%), Nisco sixer plus (78.06%), Bacillus thuringiensis (73.02%), Beauveria bassiana (2×108 CFU/ml) (70.02%), Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP (68.78%) the least per cent reduction was observed in Neem oil 5% EC (64.85%). The highest crop production, at 38.33 q/ha on average was recorded in Imidacloprid 17.8 SL with cost benefit ratio of (1:9.71) followed by Cypermethrin 10% EC 34.00 q/ha with (1:8.54) C:B ratio, Nisco sixer plus 31.66 q/ha with (1:7.22) C:B ratio, Bacillus thuringiensis 28.33 q/ha with (1:6.53) C:B ratio, Verticillium lecanii 1.15% WP 26.00 q/ha with  (1:6.07) C:B ratio, Beauveria bassiana (2×108CFU/ml) 26.66 q/ha (1:6.04) C:B ratio, Neem oil 5% EC 21.66 q/ha with (1:4.64) C:B ratio and control 15.00 q/ha with (1:3.93) C:B ratio.
Evaluation of Aonla Varieties for Yield and Quality under Semi-Arid Conditions
Authors: Jegadeeswari. V  , Vijayalatha K.R. , Padmadevi. K  , Kalaivani. J
Published: May 2024

This study, conducted at the Horticulture College and Research Institute for Women, Trichy, during 2023, aimed to assess the evaluation of Aonla (Indian gooseberry) under arid zone conditions of Trichy, focusing on yield and quality parameters. The experiment was laid out in Randomised Block Design (RRD) with 5 treatments as varieties and three replication. The varities are BSR 1, Krishna (NA 5), Kanchan (NA 4), NA 7, and Chakaiya. NA 7 is recommended for its high yield potential in limited spaces, aligning with the trend of high-density planting. BSR 1 excels in Total Soluble Solids, while Chakaiya stands out in acidity and ascorbic acid content. These insights guide cultivar selection for sustainable Aonla cultivation in semi-arid regions, crucial for meeting population demands.
Effect of Panchagavya on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) under Protected Condition
Authors: Saurabh  , Topno Samir E. , Bahadur Vijay , Kerketta Anita , Kumar Rupesh , Kumar Abhishek
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of Panchagavya on Growth, Yield and Quality of Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo) in Protected Condition at Sam Higginbottom. University Of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj during summer 2023.The Treatment Performed best in terms of Plant Height (19.83 cm) and Number of node (12.00) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 30 DAS. Days to emergence of 1st male flower/ plant (28.87) after drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. Days to emergence of 1st female flower/plant (34.03) after drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 15 DAS. Days to 50% female flower/plant (34.67) Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 30 DAS.Days to 1st fruit setting/plant (43.00) after foliar spray of Panchagavya(9%)at 15 DAS. The Number of fruits/plant (4.67) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (6%) at 15 DAS and the average weight of fruit (197.50g) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS. Fruit length and Girth (25.00 Cm) and (16.00mm) after Drenching of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. Fruit Yield/plant (1.113 kg) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS and Fruit yield per 250 m² was (3.71q). Fruit quality TSS°brix (3.22) after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (9%) at 30 DAS. The highest benefit cost ratio was found after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS (2.42). Result indicates that after Foliar spray of Panchagavya (3%) at 15 DAS were recommended for plant.
A Deep Analysis of Performance Metrics and Comparative Assessment of Network Telemetry Tools in Linux Environments
Authors: Gupta Prachi
Published: May 2024

As cyber-attacks targeting public cloud infrastructure increase in severity, it is essential to have strong network security measures for Linux machines. [1] Recent statistics underscore the severity of the situation, with a significant 39% of businesses experiencing security breaches within their cloud environments in 2022. This data shows a notable 35% increase in security attacks from the previous year. These breaches affected around 400 million individuals, emphasizing the urgent need for action.
As organizations increasingly migrate their operations to the cloud, addressing security risks is paramount. This needs a comprehensive approach to cloud security, focusing on monitoring and surveillance of cloud infrastructure usage by customers. Effective security observability requires deploying monitoring and alerting systems capable of promptly detecting and mitigating potential threats in real-time. [2] The Linux community has embraced Berkeley Packet Filter (BPF) technology as a cornerstone in this effort. BPF's flexibility and extensibility have led to the development of sophisticated tools, offering unparalleled capabilities in enhancing security observability and response mechanisms. This study begins by examining legacy solutions like auditd, which help auditing of all aspects of Linux machines. It also explores the origins and evolution of BPF within the Linux ecosystem, highlighting its transformative impact.
The study further delves into BPF-based monitoring tools tailored for scrutinizing Linux system processes. It elucidates their functionalities and meticulously assesses the performance of select tools and technologies. Rigorous experimental method, involving virtual machines with identical specifications subjected to network load simulations, ensures reliable and unbiased performance evaluations. Through this experimentation, valuable insights into resource consumption patterns for each tool are gleaned, aiding informed decision-making in tool selection and deployment strategies.
Effect of Different Coatings on the Quality and Shelf Life of Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana)
Authors: Bhadu Ajay , Vishal  , Kumar Punit , Dhaka Anirudh
Published: May 2024

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of post- harvest application of different edible coatings like Aloe vera gel (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%), Chitosan (1.0%, 2.0%,3.0%), Guar gum (1.0%, 2.0%, 3.0%) on shelf life and quality of ber (Ziziphus mauritiana L) cv. Apple ber. Fruits of uniform size were harvested at physiological maturity and treated with various edible coatings. After five days of storage, observations on fruit length, diameter spoilage percentage, TSS, total sugar, reducing sugar, acidity, and ascorbic acid were made. In comparison to the fruits under control, the results showed that coating the fruits led to a lower loss of fruit weight and a higher level of ascorbic acid content, TSS, acidity, total sugar, and decreasing sugar. Guar gum (3%) proved to be the most efficient coating, extending the shelf life of ber by up to 15 days. The fruits that were under control hardly lasted for ten days.
RNA Synthesis by Reverse Direction Process: Phosphoramidites and High Purity RNAs and Introduction of Ligands, Chromophores, and Modifications at 3′‐End
Authors: Srivastava Suresh C. , Pandey Divya , Srivastava Naveen P. , Bajpai Satya P.
Published: June 2011

We have synthesized and studied the coupling properties of 3′‐DMT‐5′‐CE phosphoramidites. The coupling efficiency per step surpasses 99% in the reverse‐direction synthesis methodology, leading to high‐purity RNA in a large number of 20‐ to 21‐mers and long‐chain oligonucleotides. Our data show that 5′→︀3′ direction synthesis has a distinct advantage compared to the conventional method. As a result, this method of RNA synthesis is expected to be a very useful and practical method of choice for therapeutic‐grade RNA. The phosphoramidites, Rev‐A‐n‐bz, Rev‐C‐n‐bz, Rev‐C‐n‐ac, Rev‐G‐n‐ac, and Rev‐rU are routinely produced with an HPLC purity of greater than 98% and 31P NMR purity greater than 99.5%. Curr. Protoc. Nucleic Acid Chem. 45:3.20.1‐3.20.39. © 2011 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Analysis of Ball‐Milled ZrAlNiCu Bulk Metallic Glass Powders
Authors: Wu Jiang , Margueron Samuel , Allain‐Bonasso Nathalie , Bourson Patrice , Gaffet Eric , Dong Chuang , Grosdidier Thierry
Published: June 2011

This manuscript gives the first results of an ongoing research project focusing on the crystallization processes of Zr65Al7.5Ni10Cu17.5 (Z1) and Zr58Al16Ni11Cu15 (Z2) bulk metallic glasses. Crystallization, induced by ball‐milling and thermal annealing, has been observed and compared using differential scanning calorimetry, X‐ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The thermal crystallization end‐products obtained for the two alloys were different: tetragonal Zr2Cu and hexagonal Zr6Al2Ni for Z1, while Z2 contained hexagonal Zr2Al, big cubic Zr2Ni and some α‐Zr solid solution. For both alloys, the thermal crystallization products were different from those obtained after ball‐milling. Interestingly, however, the stable phase obtained after sufficient mechanical milling was an FCC phase for both alloys. Raman spectroscopy suggests that nitrogen has an effect on the formation of this stable final product.
Experimental and computational study of the “end of the vortex” phenomenon in reverse‐flow centrifugal separators
Authors: Pisarev Gleb I. , Gjerde Vidar , Balakin Boris V. , Hoffmann Alex C. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Peng Weiming
Published: June 2011

The “end of the vortex” (EoV) phenomenon, a flow instability that plays a crucial role in cyclone design and operation is studied in this article. In the experimental part of the study, tests were carried out to understand the origin and nature of the EoV and to study the effects of the flowrate through, and the length of, the cylindrical cyclone on the EoV. In the theoretical part, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models, in agreement with the geometrical configurations and operating conditions used in the present and earlier experimental studies, were constructed and investigated. Three‐dimensional simulations were carried out using the large eddy turbulence model with the commercial CFD package Star‐CD. Bending of the vortex core to the wall of the vessel and its precessional motion, constituting the phenomenon of the EoV, was observed in the simulations in most geometries. The results are in a good agreement not only with the present experimental results but also with previous experimental observations. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Self‐assembly of novel architectural nanohybrid multilayers and their selective separation of solvent‐water mixtures
Authors: Zhang Guojun , Li Jie , Ji Shulan
Published: June 2011

A new architectural nanohybrid multilayer has been explored and built on various substrates. The building blocks of positive and negative charged polyelectrolyte‐coated nanoparticles (NPs) could be obtained by tuning the electrical properties of the amphoteric oxide NPs in acid and basic environments. The nanohybrid films were, thereafter, formed by layer‐by‐layer (LbL) assembly of polycation‐ and polyanion‐coated NPs. It was demonstrated that this approach could incorporate single component NPs into both polycation and polyanion layers, and in turn improve the NP loading, maintain good dispersion of NPs within the film. For separation applications, a dynamic LbL assembly was attempted as a means of fabricating such nanohybrid multilayers on both 2‐D and 3‐D polymeric porous substrates. The nanohybrid multilayer membrane renders both much higher selectivity and flux in the separation of solvent‐water mixtures. Moreover, such assembly of nanohybrid multilayers allows us to efficiently simplify the procedures by reducing 30–40‐fold process cycles. © 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2012
Cortisol and testosterone in Filipino young adult men: Evidence for co‐regulation of both hormones by fatherhood and relationship status
Authors: Gettler Lee T. , Mcdade Thomas W. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: June 2011

Objectives:

Although cortisol (CORT) may suppress testosterone (T) production under stress, in many species males' T and CORT are co‐elevated during mate acquisition or conspecific competition. It is presently unknown how CORT co‐varies with T in relation to fatherhood/relationship status in men. Here we evaluate associations between waking (AM) and pre‐bed (PM) salivary CORT and T, and with plasma total T and luteinizing hormone. We also test whether co‐elevationor co‐downregulation of CORT and T are present in men who are mating‐oriented (non‐pairbonded, non‐fathers) and parenting‐oriented (pairbonded and/or fathers), respectively.

Methods:

Data come from 630 of young adult Filipino males (21–23 years) enrolled in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey, a population‐based birth cohort study in Cebu City, Philippines.

Results:

T and CORT were positively related in AM (r = 0.37) and PM (r = 0.30) saliva samples (both P < 0.001). The positive relationship between AM measures was strengthened as caloric intake improved (interaction P < 0.05). Mating‐oriented men were more likely to have co‐elevated PM CORT and T (P < 0.05), defined as being in the highest tertile for both hormones, while parenting‐oriented men were more likely to have co‐downregulated (lowest tertile for both hormones) AM (P < 0.05) and PM (P < 0.001) CORT and T.

Conclusions:

CORT and T are positively related upon waking and before bed and are more likely to be co‐elevated in mating‐oriented men and co‐downregulated in parenting‐oriented men. Our findings support the interpretation that CORT and T serve complementary roles in facilitating men's mating effort. Am. J. Hum. Biol. 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genetic contribution for non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) in different regions of Brazil and implications for association studies
Authors: Brito Luciano A. , Cruz Lucas A. , Rocha Kátia M. , Barbara Ligia K. , Silva Camila B.F. , Bueno Daniela F. , Aguena Meire , Bertola Débora R. , Franco Diogo , Costa André M. , Alonso Nivaldo , Otto Paulo A. , Passos‐Bueno Maria Rita
Published: June 2011

Non‐syndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NS CL/P) is a complex disease in which heritability estimates vary widely depending on the population studied. To evaluate the importance of genetic contribution to NS CL/P in the Brazilian population, we conducted a study with 1,042 families from five different locations (Santarém, Fortaleza, Barbalha, Maceió, and Rio de Janeiro). We also evaluated the role of consanguinity and ethnic background. The proportion of familial cases varied significantly across locations, with the highest values found in Santarém (44%) and the lowest in Maceió (23%). Heritability estimates showed a higher genetic contribution to NS CL/P in Barbalha (85%), followed by Santarém (71%), Rio de Janeiro (70%), Fortaleza (64%), and Maceió (45%). Ancestry was not correlated with the occurrence of NS CL/P or with the variability in heritability. Only in Rio de Janeiro was the coefficient of inbreeding significantly larger in NS CL/P families than in the local population. Recurrence risk for the total sample was approximately 1.5–1.6%, varying according to the location studied (0.6–0.7% in Maceió to 2.2–2.8% in Barbalha). Our findings show that the degree of genetic contribution to NS CL/P varies according to the geographic region studied, and this difference cannot be attributed to consanguinity or ancestry. These findings suggest that Barbalha is a promising region for genetic studies. The data presented here will be useful in interpreting results from molecular analyses and show that care must be taken when pooling samples from different populations for association studies. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.