bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperplastic goiter in sheep in the semi-arid region of Paraiba, Brazil: case report
Authors: Tolentino Mikael Leandro Duarte de Lima , Rocha Ediane Freitas , Oliveira Filho Emanuel Felipe de , Gonçalves Daniel Nunes de Araújo , Silveira Gian Libânio da , Miranda Neto Eldinê Gomes de , Dantas Antônio Flávio Medeiros , Soares Pierre Castro , Silva Tatiane Rodrigues da
Published: August 2020

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical and anatomopathological findings and serum concentrations of free triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) from an outbreak of iodine (I) deficiency in sheep in the semi-arid region of Brazil. The outbreak was observed in a property located in the municipality of Sousa, West of the State of Paraiba, a semi-arid zone of Northeast Brazil. The studied lot was composed of 14 animals, between 12 and 18 months old, male, and mixed breed. The animals presented an increase in volume in the proximal portion of the neck, ventral to the mandibular arch, of firm consistency, suggesting a goiter. Thyroid samples were collected from animals that presented gland hyperplasia. In addition, blood samples were collected for serum analysis of thyroid hormones. The clinical findings, macroscopic characteristics, and histological findings observed in these cases are identical to those described in the literature for acquired goiter and constitute evidence that allows the definitive diagnosis of this condition. The mean concentrations observed in animals were:  Free T3 (0.5±0.08 pmol/L) and Free T4 (10.93±2.88 pmol/L). Based on the epidemiological findings, clinical signs, anatomopathological lesions, and serum analysis of thyroid hormones, we can affirm the outbreak of acquired goiter occurred due to inadequacies in feeding and mineral supplementation of the animals. Thus, in order to prevent the appearance of this nutritional disorder, it is of utmost importance that animals are provided with a balanced mineral diet and supplementation, taking into account the needs of the species and antithyroid feed substances.
Patenting and strategies of major pharmaceutical companies in Brazil
Authors: Acioli Gláucia Rocha , Abud Ana Karla de Souza , Oliveira Júnior Antonio Martins de
Published: August 2020

Facing the contemporaneous changes which have intensified the market competition, survival strategies are essential for the company sustainability, such as the protection of intangible assets through the patents, which confer several advantages. In the pharmaceutical industry, where the products are result from expensive processes, the patents have become an important incentive. This article has undertaken a systematic analysis of patenting in the Brazilian pharmaceutical industry, evaluating the patents indicators of the major pharmaceutical companies in Brazil in order to categorize their strategies. The results indicated the leadership of Aché in patent applications, an extremely small number of concessions, characterizing the majority of the deposits as Invention Patents, and the lack of partnerships with universities and /or foundations for research support. The EMS and Eurofarma companies have presented analytical strategic performance, the União Química, defender, and Aché and Hypermarcas, prospector performance.
Use of metformin hydrochloride in gestational diabetes: a systematic review
Authors: Torres Ellys Cristina Eleonor Pereira , Oliveira Jéssica Costa de , Nunes Luanne Eugênia , Souza Neto Franciso Ernesto de , Oliveira-Filho Rosueti Diógenes de
Published: August 2020

Gestational Diabetes Mellitus is a condition characterized by an increase in blood glucose levels, which can be initiated or diagnosed during pregnancy. This process occurs due to the production of high levels of hormones by the placenta, most of which are harmful to the action of insulin in the cells increasing the blood sugar level and can affect the growth and well-being of the fetus. Among the drugs used, Metformin Hydrochloride is an oral hypoglycemic drug used to treat Diabetes Mellitus. The present study aimed to elaborate a systematic review on the use of metformin hydrochloride in the treatment of gestational diabetes mellitus. The searches were carried out in the SciElo and Google Acadêmico databases. 763 articles were found in the initial research and after the analysis of the pre-analytical phases, only 6 were selected, since they met the inclusion criteria. After extracting the data, a relationship was made between the use of metformin with the various forms of therapy used in the studies and it was shown that metformin is a drug well applied as monotherapy, being used by 40 % of individuals in one of the studies analyzed and it is also well accepted in combination therapy with insulin in patients who have resistance to it, due to metformin being a drug with easy access and easy dosage. It is concluded that metformin is a safe, effective, low-cost and widely accepted drug for pregnant women who use it in the treatment of gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Aplicação do modelo AMMI-bayesiano no estudo de estabilidade e adaptabilidade genotípica em dados de mostarda
Authors: Silva Alessandra Querino da , Oliveira Luciano Antonio de , Silva Carlos Pereira da , Mendes Cristian Tiago Erazo , Medeiros Elias Silva de , Sáfadi Thelma
Published: August 2020

A análise de conjuntos de dados provenientes de ensaios multiambientais é de fundamental importância nas fases finais dos programas de melhoramento de plantas. Nesse contexto, o Modelo de Efeitos Principais Aditivos e Interação Multiplicativa (AMMI) se tornou um método popular para avaliar respostas de genótipos em diversos ambientes. No presente trabalho aplicou-se o modelo AMMI, sob o enfoque bayesiano, a um conjunto de dados provenientes de um experimento em blocos casualizados com 12 genótipos (variedades) de mostarda em 6 ambientes distintos. O objetivo foi analisar estabilidade e adaptabilidade genotípica por meio da representação biplot AMMI-2, ressaltando diferenças dessa abordagem em relação a análise AMMI-clássica. Os resultados evidenciaram a grande flexibilidade do método bayesiano para incorporar efeito aleatório para genótipos, bem como inferência ao biplot por meio de regiões de credibilidade para escores genotípicos e ambientais que descrevem o efeito da interação genótipos por ambientes (GEI). As regiões de credibilidade construídas para efeitos principais e parâmetros bilineares permitiram identificar genótipos mais produtivos e visualizar subgrupos homogêneos de genótipos e ambientes em relação ao efeito da GEI. Os genótipos mais produtivos foram G8 e G10 e apenas o G2 foi considerado estatisticamente estável.
Associação do tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo com dados sociodemográficos e clínicos de puérperas residentes em uma área de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Paloschi Melisse , Martinelli Jéssica , Adami Fernanda Scherer , Lohmann Paula Michele , Mezaroba Ernanda , Schauren Bianca Coletti , Patussi Mileine Mussio
Published: August 2020

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi relacionar a adequação do tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo com indicadores clínicos e sociodemográficos de puérperas residentes em uma área de vulnerabilidade social em um município do interior do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo caracterizou-se como analítico observacional, com delineamento transversal e de abordagem quantitativa. Participaram do estudo 81 puérperas, selecionadas por conveniência, que tinham filhos em acompanhamento nas consultas multiprofissionais de puericultura, em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família localizada em uma área de vulnerabilidade social, atendidas no período de junho a setembro de 2018. Utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher e os resultados foram considerados significativos a um nível de significância máximo de 5% (p≤0,05). Observou-se que a maioria das mulheres eram jovens, conviviam com o companheiro, cursaram apenas o ensino fundamental incompleto e apresentavam renda familiar bruta de até um salário mínimo. O parto predominante foi a cesariana, a maioria das crianças realizou um número adequado de consultas de puericultura, nasceram a termo, com peso ao nascer adequado e apresentaram tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo inferior ao recomendado, sendo a média de 115,9 dias. Não observou-se associação significativa entre as variáveis estado civil, escolaridade, número de filhos, renda familiar bruta, tipo de parto, adequação do número e consultas de puericultura e classificação do peso ao nascer com a adequação do tempo de aleitamento materno exclusivo.
Produção de biomassa e teor foliar de nutrientes em Justicia pectoralis Jacq. com diferentes tipos de adubação
Authors: Rezende Cláudia Fabiana Alves , Dutra Gabriella Alexandre , Vieira Rafaela Miguel , Peixoto Josana de Castro
Published: August 2020

O objetivo com este trabalho foi avaliar diferentes fontes de adubação no crescimento da planta, acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas de Justicia pectoralis Jacq. visando ao aprimoramento na produção de biomassa. Os tratamentos consistiram de três diferentes adubações: orgânica, química e organomineral, mais a testemunha (sem adubação), dispostos num delineamento em blocos casualizados, com 18 repetições por tratamento em quatro blocos. Aos 100, 120, 150 e 180 dias após o transplante foram determinadas a altura e diâmetro. Na última avaliação as plantas foram colhidas manualmente. Avaliou-se a biomassa da parte aérea (g) e o teor de nutrientes foliares. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos a análise de variância. A análise de regressão foi utilizada para os dados biométricos das plantas e para a concentração mineral as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Houve influência positiva das diferentes adubações sobre o crescimento da planta em altura, diâmetro e biomassa seca, sendo que a adubação organomineral proporcionou maior desenvolvimento da planta. As plantas de J. pectoralis apresentam diferentes teores de nutrientes em seus tecidos foliares, com a seguinte ordem de acúmulo para os macronutrientes (g Kg-1): N > Ca > K > Mg > P > S; e para os micronutrientes (mg Kg-1): Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu. Por se tratar de uma planta com diversidade de metabólitos secundários e pertencentes à flora do Bioma Cerrado, ainda são necessárias pesquisas científicas que possibilitem a produção em escale evitando o extrativismo e perda de material genético.
Experimentação no ensino de Química na Educação Básica: uma análise através de anais de congresso
Authors: Souza Thiago Muniz de , Muniz Elaine Cristina da Silva
Published: August 2020

Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever uma análise qualitativa exploratória do papel e da tipologia da experimentação no ensino de Química na educação básica a partir dos anais das reuniões anuais da Sociedade Química do Brasil entre 2011 a 2019.  Os referencias teóricos e metodológicos aplicados para caracterização dos experimentos foram baseados nas observações de Araújo & Abib e Oliveira. A presente pesquisa  mostrou que a maioria dos experimentos aplicados em sala de aula são de natureza demonstrativa e/ou verificativa tornando o professor com o papel principal do processo de ensino – aprendizagem, e apenas 6% dos trabalhos analisados foram classificados como investigativos com foco em aprendizagem significativa aplicando o experimento como uma metodologia ativa na qual torna o aluno o sujeito ativo, e central, do processo ensino-aprendizagem. Tais observações concluem que há uma urgente necessidade de fomento para formação de professores aptos para desenvolver experimentos eficientes via metodologias ativas.
Anaphylaxis: knowledge among oral and maxillofacial surgeons
Authors: Vasconcelos Amanda Freire de Melo , Freitas Romeyka Karinny Almeida de , Rodrigues Éwerton Daniel Rocha , Vasconcelos Belmiro Cavalcanti do Egito , Sarinho Emanuel Sávio Cavalcanti
Published: August 2020

The aim of the present study was to evaluate knowledge regarding the conduct and adequate management of anaphylaxis on the part of oral-maxillofacial surgeons. A quantitative evaluation was performed through a cognitive survey on the subject. The sample was composed of 104 specialists and who participated in the Brazilian Oral-Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology Conference. A total of 31.7% of the interviewees were unaware of any protocol for anaphylaxis. Among those with information on the subject, the majority (78.8%) reported that adrenaline is the main drug for the treatment of anaphylaxis, but 50% of these individuals did not know the correct dosage and only 35.6% reported that intramuscular administration was the proper route. Only 12.5% reported having witnessed a case of anaphylaxis and all such cases were resolved with a favorable outcome. A considerable number of surgeons (34.6%) reported not having any drug for emergency care in their offices, but the majority (71.2%) reported being capable of administering such drugs. The present findings revealed a lack of knowledge on the part of many oral-maxillofacial surgeons regarding anaphylactic reactions and treatment.
Aleitamento materno em tempos de covid-19: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Melo Laiza Paula Cândido de , Dias Maria Eduarda da Silva , Santana Marília Soares , Diniz Pollyana Rodrigues , Galvão Pauliana Valéria Machado , Santana Patrícia de Moraes Soares
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico em busca da associação entre a prática do aleitamento materno e a possibilidade de transmissão vertical do SARS-CoV-2. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura, do tipo integrativa e, como questão norteadora do estudo, definiu-se: “O leite humano é capaz de transmitir o SARS-CoV-2?”. Nesse sentido, no período de junho do ano de 2020, publicações científicas indexadas foram pesquisadas. Finalmente, 8 artigos foram incluídos por responderem satisfatoriamente à questão norteadora, e, portanto, compuseram o conjunto final de análise desta revisão. Resultados: 37,5% dos estudos relataram a ausência de evidências quanto a presença do SARS-COV-2 em amostras de leite materno; 12,5%  reportaram sobre a não transmissibilidade do vírus de mães infectadas para seus recém-nascidos sob aleitamento materno; 12,5% demonstraram indiferença entre as taxas de infecção por COVID-19 em crianças amamentadas ou não; e por fim, 37,5%  relataram, ao total, a presença do SARS-COV-2 em três amostras de leite materno colhidas em duas pacientes. Conclusões: Com base nos achados, pôde-se observar que ainda não há na literatura atual evidências consistentes que sustentem a transmissão vertical do vírus SARS-CoV-2 no período neonatal através da amamentação. No que tange as principais recomendações vigentes, nota-se que os benefícios do leite humano superam possíveis riscos de contaminação, portanto a lactação deve ser encorajada em mães infectadas com a COVID-19, desde que sejam adotadas medidas adequadas de higiene respiratória e pessoal.
Diagnóstico da COVID-19: importância dos testes laboratoriais e dos exames de imagem
Authors: Lima Felicson Leonardo Oliveira , Gomes Laiane Nascimento Lima , Santos Catharine Santa Clara dos , Oliveira Guilherme Antônio Lopes de
Published: August 2020

Objetivo: Este estudo foi elaborado, com o intuito de apontar as diferentes técnicas empregadas no diagnóstico do SARS-CoV-2, revisar as vantagens e desvantagens entre o método sorológico e molecular, bem como os principais parâmetros em cizânia, além de descrever detalhes sobre a contribuição da imagenologia para a conclusão diagnóstica. Metodologia: Consiste em um artigo de revisão da literatura de caráter descritivo e exploratório, elaborado mediante utilização de conteúdos publicados nas bases de dados Pubmed, SciELO e Google acadêmico, entre os anos de 2019 e 2020, que após análise criteriosa, foram obtidos um total de 29 artigos, estes, que caracterizaram as principais vantagens e desvantagens dos diferentes testes diagnóstico disponíveis. Revisão da literatura: O diagnóstico precoce da Covid-19 é essencial para a estabilização do paciente e contenção da pandemia, assim sendo, os casos suspeitos podem ser investigados e posteriormente confirmados, por meio da associação entre teste laboratoriais, exames de imagem e investigação clínico-epidemiológica. Considerações finais: Os testes laboratoriais e os exames de imagem tem sido uma importante ferramenta no diagnóstico da SARS-CoV-2. A técnica de imunocromatografia (teste rápido), pode apresentar resultados falsos negativos, o que merece uma atenção específica, visto que, mesmo não havendo reações positivas, a hipótese da doença no indivíduo não pode ser descartada, uma vez que, reações positivas, exigem concentrações específicas de anticorpos para sua detecção, o que faz dos testes moleculares, em especial o RT-PCR, ser considerado padrão ouro na elucidação.
Gênero e educação na imprensa paraibana (1964-1966)
Authors: Porpino Piêtra Germana Carvalho de Andrade , Machado Charliton José dos Santos
Published: August 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre mulheres, educação e educadoras a partir dos impressos paraibanos de meados da década de 1960. Pretendeu-se analisar o panorama geral da educação do período e identificar a posição e os discursos a respeito da mulher naquela sociedade, em especial das educadoras. A pesquisa documental, alicerçada nas perspectivas da Nova História, utilizou como aporte teórico as discussões sobre o uso da imprensa como fonte histórica e os estudos de gênero. As fontes levantadas foram examinadas segundo o método misto, aliando análises qualitativas e quantitativas. A partir da análise dos documentos investigados, foi possível ter uma visão aproximada do que foi a educação paraibana na década de 1960, marcada pela expansão do ensino secundário e pelos impactos do regime militar. Sobre as mulheres, ao mesmo tempo em que elas eram pouco presentes no periódico investigado, foi identificada a existência de um debate de fundo que questionava as restrições impostas ao feminino. A sub-representação feminina fora de espaços tradicionalmente reservados às mulheres era quebrada pela figura da educadora. Presença constante nos periódicos, as educadoras ao mesmo tempo que sofriam com o peso dos estereótipos de gênero, eram mulheres que se libertavam do confinamento do lar doméstico e conquistavam o espaço público, se engajando em posições de poder e se destacando como intelectuais mediadoras. Figuras importantes para o corpo social, evidenciam a importância do magistério como estratégia para as mulheres penetrarem em espaços até então restritos ao sexo masculino.
Environmental drivers of diving behavior and space-use of juvenile endangered Caribbean hawksbill sea turtles identified using acoustic telemetry
Authors: Matley JK , Jossart J , Johansen L , Jobsis PD
Published: August 2020

Space-use by aquatic ectotherms is closely linked to environmental factors such as temperature due to thermal-mediated metabolism and energy requirements. These factors are important, as they may alter an animal’s exposure to food/predators, hinder physiological function, increase competitive interactions, or even prompt population or biodiversity loss. Using general linear mixed-effects models, we investigated the influence of medium-term (months-years) environmental (diel period, water temperature, season, wind speed, air pressure, habitat type) and biological (turtle size) variation on space-use metrics for the Critically Endangered hawksbill sea turtleEretmochelys imbricata, including dive duration, activity space, and rate of movement. We tracked 17 resident juveniles between August 2015 and May 2018 with a compact acoustic telemetry array (35-41 receivers in ~1 km2) in Brewers Bay, US Virgin Islands. Diel differences in space-use were significant and highlighted periods of relative inactivity (e.g. resting) during the night and activity (e.g. foraging) during the day. Water temperature was also an important covariate influencing behavior leading to shorter dive durations and higher rates of movement in warmer temperatures. High contribution of random effects (individual and year) to model variation was also apparent, suggesting that juvenile hawksbills can operate outside the relatively narrow environmental range experienced within the study area. Nevertheless, ongoing climate trends (e.g. warmer temperatures and more extreme weather events) pose a significant concern for hawksbill populations, as juveniles spend their developmental period in shallow nearshore areas where environmental impacts will likely be greatest.
Rimicaris exoculata: biology and ecology of a shrimp from deep-sea hydrothermal vents associated with ectosymbiotic bacteria
Authors: Zbinden M , Cambon-Bonavita MA
Published: August 2020

Rimicaris exoculata, the ‘blind shrimp,’ is the most abundant species living on active hydrothermal edifices at deep-sea vents of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Its unusually enlarged branchial chamber houses a dense ectosymbiotic community of chemoautotrophic bacteria. Long debated, shrimp nutrition has been proven to be a kind of osmotrophy, whereby small organic molecules produced by the symbionts pass through the integument of the shrimp directly into the circulatory system, rather than through the digestive system. The broad phylogenetic and metabolic diversity of this epibiotic community suggests a highly flexible and adjustable microbial consortium, adapted to the chemically contrasting environments inhabited by the shrimp. To cope with the highly fluctuating oxygen and temperature conditions of its habitat,R. exoculatapossesses hemocyanin with a strong oxygen affinity, and has developed both molecular and behavioral responses to heat stresses. IfR. exoculatais able to detect very dim light or chemical compounds emitted by vents, the relatively small visual and olfactory areas in the brain, along with the disproportionately enlarged higher centers, argue for a significant involvement of navigational skills using learning and place memory to orient itself within its aphotic environment. This shrimp undergoes unconventional larval development, with a primary lecithotrophic stage followed by an extended planktotrophic period, allowing a huge potential for dispersion. In light of mining licenses posing a threat for deep-sea environments, this species is a model still to be studied to better understand life in extreme deep-sea ecosystems at the global scale of an ocean.
Pinna nobilis in the Mar Menor coastal lagoon: a story of colonization and uncertainty
Authors: Giménez-Casalduero F , Gomariz-Castillo F , Alonso-Sarría F , Cortés E , Izquierdo-Muñoz A , Ramos-Esplá AA
Published: August 2020

Populations of the Mediterranean fan musselPinna nobilishave progressively decreased over the last decades as a result of anthropogenic activities. The rate of decline has strongly increased since 2016, when a mass mortality event triggered by the parasiteHaplosporidium pinnaeoccurred, and evidence exists thatMycobacteriumspecies may also have played a major role in the event. Indeed, the epidemic has spread throughout the Mediterranean, although coastal lagoons seem to offer a degree of ‘resistance’ against the parasite. In the early 1980s,P. nobilisappeared in the Mar Menor lagoon and rapidly became an important component of the benthos. However, colonization of the lagoon by the fan mussel was cut short in 2016 when a massive mortality event occurred, possibly as a consequence of the environmental collapse that occurred in the lagoon, parallel to the mortality that the species suffered in the Mediterranean that same year. In this study, we estimated the spatial distribution ofP. nobilisin the Mar Menor for 3 periods: 2003-2004, 2013 and 2016. The first 2 periods use published data, and the last period uses data collected in a new campaign. The probability of occurrence for the 3 periods was estimated using random forest and random forest regression-kriging models. The main environmental variables that determined the dispersion and colonization of the bivalve in the lagoon before 2016 are also identified.
Masculinidades e educação: aspectos teóricos e a enunciação bolsonariana
Authors: Gomes Douglas Henrique , Martins Alberto Mesaque
Published: August 2020

A escola é um importante espaço social onde se (re)produz gênero, configurando-se como uma das instituições que reflete as estruturas de poder da sociedade e um local onde acontece a construção das identidades femininas e masculinas. Na perspectiva das teorias de gênero, esse artigo visa traçar considerações teóricas acerca do processo de construção de masculinidades no período da infância e da juventude, no contexto escolar, articulando tais teorizações com falas do ex-Deputado Federal e, atual presidente, Jair Bolsonaro. Trata-se de um ensaio teórico que propõe a articulação entre conceitos e ideias de autores como Pierre Bourdieu, Raewyn Connel, Judith Butler e Guacira Louro, bem como outros(as) pesquisadores (as) que vem se debruçando sobre as questões de gênero e masculinidades no âmbito escolar. Além disso, propõe-se uma análise de falas do presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro, disponíveis na plataforma digital Youtube, buscando compreender como o atual presidente da república e o grupo que ele representa percebem a construção das masculinidades na escola. Os resultados revelam que, apesar das transformações sociais, as escolas continuam reproduzindo práticas pedagógicas que possuem relação com o patriarcado, reforçando o padrão hegemônico que busca produzir homens fortes, viris e heterossexuais. As falas do presidente da república, Jair Bolsonaro, refletem o crescimento dos discursos conservadores no Brasil e são carregadas de representações do patriarcado e do discurso que sustenta o modelo de masculinidade hegemônica. Observa-se uma maior preocupação do presidente com a garantia do status de virilidade dos meninos, revelando a presença de discursos que operam no intuito de garantir a manutenção do patriarcado e dos modelos tradicionais de masculinidade.
O apagamento de /d/ no morfema de gerúndio no falar culto de Fortaleza-CE
Authors: De Almeida Brenda Kathellen Melo , Pereira Maria Lidiane de Sousa , De Araújo Aluiza Alves
Published: August 2020

Embasado na Sociolinguística variacionista, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a atuação de fatores linguísticos (contexto fonológico precedente, contexto fonológico seguinte e extensão da palavra) e extralinguísticos (sexo, faixa etária e tipo de registro) sobre o apagamento da oclusiva dental /d/ no morfema de gerúndio ‘ndo’, no falar culto de Fortaleza - CE. Para isso, usamos uma amostra constituída por dados de fala extraídos de 23 informantes do Projeto Português Oral Culto de Fortaleza (PORCUFORT). Os informantes foram devidamente estratificados, neste estudo, segundo a faixa etária (I - 22 a 35 anos; faixa II - 36 a 55 anos e faixa III - a partir dos 56 anos), o sexo (masculino e feminino) e o tipo de registro (Diálogo entre Informante e Documentador (DID) e Elocução Formal (EF)). Com o auxílio do programa Goldvarb X, constatamos que os grupos de fatores relevantes para o apagamento de /d/ no morfema de gerúndio são, nessa ordem de relevância, a extensão da palavra (polissílaba) e o sexo (feminino) do informante.
A construção do feminino e suas sexualidades em grafitos escolares
Authors: Cardoso Adriano Rogério , Zimmermann Tânia Regina
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho objetiva uma reflexão sobre as representações das sexualidades e de gênero em grafitos produzidos por adolescentes em uma Escola Estadual na cidade de Pontalinda, SP entre os anos de 2018 e 2019, bem como identificar e analisar nas imagens alguns anseios, dúvidas, construção de feminilidades, as subjetividades, estigmas e preconceitos de gênero. Em relação a metodologia optamos por uma pesquisa descritiva-exploratória, de cunho qualitativo, no qual utilizaremos elementos da análise crítica de discurso (ACD), pois esta contribui para pensar o conjunto da produção das falas e imagens presentes nos grafitos, permite examinar os aspectos linguísticos, imagéticos e socioculturais. Os resultados parciais da pesquisa apontam a carência de pesquisas sobre essa temática e a existência crescente de preconceitos de gênero e de sexualidades nas escolas. Advogamos a necessidade de problematizar questões de gênero e sexualidades nos discursos das políticas curriculares e nos processos de formação de educadores(as). Medra-se a possibilidade de uma reflexão, de (des)construção de preconceitos e de estereótipos generificados permitindo a formação de pessoas críticas e conscientes em suas subjetividades.
Identification of Non-Pleiotropic Loci in Flowering and Maturity Control in Soybean
Authors: Sedivy Eric J. , Akpertey Abraham , Vela Angela , Abadir Sandra , Khan Awais , Hanzawa Yoshie
Published: August 2020

Pleiotropy is considered to have a significant impact on multi-trait evolution, but its roles in the evolution of domestication-related traits in crop species have been unclear. In soybean, several known quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling maturity, called the maturity loci, are known to have major effects on both flowering and maturity in a highly correlated pleiotropic manner. Aiming at the identification of non-pleiotropic QTLs that independently control flowering and maturity and dissecting the effects of pleiotropy in these important agronomic traits, we conducted a QTL mapping experiment by creating a population from a cross between domesticated soybean G. max and its wild ancestor G. soja that underwent stringent selection for non-pleiotropy in flowering and maturity. Our QTL mapping analyses using the experimental population revealed novel loci that acted in a non-pleiotropic manner: R1-1 controlled primarily flowering and R8-1 and R8-2 controlled maturity, while R1-1 overlapped with QTL, affecting other agronomic traits. Our results suggest that pleiotropy in flowering and maturity can be genetically separated, while artificial selection during soybean domestication and diversification may have favored pleiotropic loci such as E loci that control both flowering and maturity. The non-pleiotropic loci identified in this study will help to identify valuable novel genes to optimize soybean’s life history traits and to improve soybean’s yield potential under diverse environments and cultivation schemes.
Formosolv Pretreatment to Fractionate Paulownia Wood Following a Biorefinery Approach: Isolation and Characterization of the Lignin Fraction
Authors: Domínguez Elena , del Río Pablo G. , Romaní Aloia , Garrote Gil , Gullón Patricia , de Vega Alberto
Published: August 2020

Paulownia is a rapid-growth tree with a high biomass production rate per year and low demand of water, which make it very suitable for intercropping systems, as it protects the crops from adverse climatic conditions, benefiting the harvest yields. Moreover, these characteristics make Paulownia a suitable raw material able to be fractionated in an integrated biorefinery scheme to obtain multiple products using a cascade conversion approach. Different delignification pretreatments of biomass have been purposed as a first stage of a lignocellulosic biorefinery. In this study, the formosolv delignification of Paulownia wood was investigated using a second order face-centered factorial design to assess the effects of the independent variables (concentrations of formic and hydrochloric acids and reaction time) on the fractionation of Paulownia wood. The maximum delignification achieved in this study (78.5%) was obtained under following conditions: 60 min, and 95% and 0.05% formic and hydrochloric acid, respectively. In addition, the remained solid phases were analyzed to determine their cellulose content and cooking liquors were also chemically analyzed and characterized. Finally, the recovered lignin by precipitation from formosolv liquor and the pristine lignin (milled wood lignin) in Paulownia wood were characterized and compared by the following techniques FTIR, NMR, high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) and TGA. This complete characterization allowed verifying the capacity of the formosolv process to act on the lignin, causing changes in its structure, which included both phenomena of depolymerization and condensation.
High-Throughput Ground Cover Classification of Perennial Ryegrass (Lolium Perenne L.) for the Estimation of Persistence in Pasture Breeding
Authors: Jayasinghe Chinthaka , Badenhorst Pieter , Jacobs Joe , Spangenberg German , Smith Kevin
Published: August 2020

Perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) is one of the most important forage grass species in temperate regions of Australia and New Zealand. However, it can have poor persistence due to a low tolerance to both abiotic and biotic stresses. A major challenge in measuring persistence in pasture breeding is that the assessment of pasture survival depends on ranking populations based on manual ground cover estimation. Ground cover measurements may include senescent and living tissues and can be measured as percentages or fractional units. The amount of senescent pasture present in a sward may indicate changes in plant growth, development, and resistance to abiotic and biotic stresses. The existing tools to estimate perennial ryegrass ground cover are not sensitive enough to discriminate senescent ryegrass from soil. This study aimed to develop a more precise sensor-based phenomic method to discriminate senescent pasture from soil. Ground-based RGB images, airborne multispectral images, ground-based hyperspectral data, and ground truth samples were taken from 54 perennial ryegrass plots three years after sowing. Software packages and machine learning scripts were used to develop a pipeline for high-throughput data extraction from sensor-based platforms. Estimates from the high-throughput pipeline were positively correlated with the ground truth data (p < 0.05). Based on the findings of this study, we conclude that the RGB-based high-throughput approach offers a precision tool to assess perennial ryegrass persistence in pasture breeding programs. Improvements in the spatial resolution of hyperspectral and multispectral techniques would then be used for persistence estimation in mixed swards and other monocultures.
Virulence Screen of Beauveria Bassiana Isolates for Australian Carpophilus (Coleoptera: Nitidulidae) Beetle Biocontrol
Authors: Boston William , Leemon Diana , Cunningham John Paul
Published: August 2020

Carpophilus beetles are serious pests of Australian fruit and nut crops, causing significant damage through adult and larval feeding and vectoring plant diseases. Six strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana ((Balsamo) Vuillemin; Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae), isolated from a range of hosts in Australia, together with one commercial strain, were screened for virulence to adult and larval stages of Carpophilus attacking stone fruits (C. davidsoni (Dobson)) and almonds (C. truncatus (Murray)) under laboratory conditions. The two species differed significantly in their susceptibility to the B. bassiana isolates. In the adult beetle assay, C. truncatus had a maximum Abbott’s control corrected mortality of 19% when treated with the most effective isolate, B54, compared to 52% for C.davidsoni. In larval bioassays, mortality rates for the two species were generally higher than adults: four isolates caused greater than 80% mortality in C. davidsoni; while only one isolate was considered effective against C. truncatus (causing 73% mortality), all other isolates caused less than 40% mortality. The results indicate promising potential for B. bassiana to be applied as a biopesticide as part of an integrated pest management strategy, which might take the form of a soil application against larvae or an autodissemination program using adult beetles.
Flavonoids in Agriculture: Chemistry and Roles in, Biotic and Abiotic Stress Responses, and Microbial Associations
Authors: Shah Ateeq , Smith Donald L.
Published: August 2020

The current world of climate change, global warming and a constantly changing environment have made life very stressful for living entities, which has driven the evolution of biochemical processes to cope with stressed environmental and ecological conditions. As climate change conditions continue to develop, we anticipate more frequent occurrences of abiotic stresses such as drought, high temperature and salinity. Living plants, which are sessile beings, are more exposed to environmental extremes. However, plants are equipped with biosynthetic machinery operating to supply thousands of bio-compounds required for maintaining internal homeostasis. In addition to chemical coordination within a plant, these compounds have the potential to assist plants in tolerating, resisting and escaping biotic and abiotic stresses generated by the external environment. Among certain biosynthates, flavonoids are an important example of these stress mitigators. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites and biostimulants; they play a key role in plant growth by inducing resistance against certain biotic and abiotic stresses. In addition, the function of flavonoids as signal compounds to communicate with rhizosphere microbes is indispensable. In this review, the significance of flavonoids as biostimulants, stress mitigators, mediators of allelopathy and signaling compounds is discussed. The chemical nature and biosynthetic pathway of flavonoid production are also highlighted.
Effect of Dietary Supplementation with Coarse or Extruded Oat Hulls on Growth Performance, Blood Biochemical Parameters, Ceca Microbiota and Short Chain Fatty Acids in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Adewole Deborah
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dietary supplementation with coarse or extruded oat hulls on growth performance, blood biochemistry, cecal microbiota, and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in broiler chickens. Chickens were randomly allotted to four dietary treatments consisting of a corn-wheat-soybean meal-based diet (Basal), Basal + Bacitracin methylenedisalicylate (BMD), Basal +3% coarse OH (COH), and basal +3% extruded OH (EOH). Feed intake (FI), body weight gain (BWG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded weekly. On day 36, eight chickens/treatment were euthanized, blood samples were collected, and organ weights were determined. Cecal digesta samples were collected for the determination of SCFA concentration and microbial DNA sequence. Data were subjected to ANOVA using the mixed procedure of SAS. Alpha diversity was estimated with the Shannon index, and the significance of diversity differences was tested with ANOVA. Birds fed COH and EOH had reduced (p < 0.05) BWG, but there was no effect of treatment on FCR. There was a significant increase (p = 0.0050) in relative gizzard empty weight among birds that were fed COH, compared to the other treatments. Dietary treatments had no effect on blood biochemical parameters and SCFA concentration. Cecal microbial composition of chickens was mostly comprised of Firmicutes and Tenericutes. Seven OTUs that were differentially abundant among treatments were identified. In conclusion, supplementation of broiler chickens’ diets with 3% COH or EOH did not affect the FCR, blood biochemical parameters and SCFA concentration, but modified few cecal microbiota at the species level. Dietary supplementation with COH but not EOH significantly increased the relative gizzard weight.
A Review of Welfare Indicators of Indoor-Housed Dairy Cow as a Basis for Integrated Automatic Welfare Assessment Systems
Authors: Leliveld Lisette M.C. , Provolo Giorgio
Published: August 2020

For on-farm welfare assessment many automatic methods have been developed to detect indicators of reduced welfare. However, there is still a need to integrate data from single sources to obtain a complete picture of the welfare of an animal. This review offers a basis for developing integrated automatic systems to assess dairy cow welfare by providing an overview of the main issues that challenge cow welfare (e.g., lameness) and of well-established indicators that could detect these issues on the farm. Based on a literature review of 4 reviews on cow welfare in general and 48 reviews on single welfare issues, we identified 18 different major welfare issues and 76 matching indicators that could be detected automatically on the farm. Several indicators, e.g., feed intake, showed a consistent association with welfare across many different issues. Although some of these indicators are discussed critically, this means there are many indicators that potentially could detect reduced welfare in general. Other types of indicators could detect one specific welfare issue, e.g., increased respiratory rate for heat stress. These different types of indicators combined provide a basis to develop integrated automatic systems that ultimately would help farmers to detect welfare problems at an early stage.
Isoflurane and Carbon Dioxide Elicit Similar Behavioral Responses in Rats
Authors: Kulkarni Satyajit , Hickman Debra
Published: August 2020

Euthanasia in rodents is an ongoing topic of debate due to concerns regarding the aversive nature of gases with anesthetic properties such as carbon dioxide (CO2) and isoflurane. The aim of this study was to expand upon previously published work evaluating the aversiveness of CO2 by introducing an isoflurane treatment group in parallel. Aversion was tested using a forced exposure setup and an aversion-avoidance setup. In the first part of the study, 12 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed during four consecutive days, once to each of four treatments: isoflurane, fox urine, oxygen, and CO2. In the second part of the study, 24 naïve female Sprague–Dawley rats and 12 rats from the first experiment were exposed to CO2, isoflurane, or both gases. In the forced exposure study, there were no significant differences between CO2 and isoflurane treatments except in line crosses. Overall, rats were more active in the isoflurane and CO2 treatments compared to the control groups, suggesting that isoflurane and CO2 are similarly aversive. In the aversion-avoidance study, rats previously exposed to isoflurane left the dark chamber significantly earlier compared to naïve rats during exposure to isoflurane. We also show that learned aversion to isoflurane is sustained for at least 15 days after initial exposure. Given this result, we suggest that CO2 is superior to isoflurane when euthanizing rodents with prior exposure to isoflurane. Overall, these results confirm previous studies which suggest that care should be taken when considering the serial use of isoflurane as an anesthetic.
Investigation of the Prevalence, Virulence Genes, and Antibiogram of Motile Aeromonads Isolated from Nile Tilapia Fish Farms in Egypt and Assessment of their Water Quality
Authors: El-Gohary Fatma A. , Zahran Eman , Abd El-Gawad Eman A. , El-Gohary Adel H. , M. Abdelhamid Fatma , El-Mleeh Amany , Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Elsayed Mona Mohieldin
Published: August 2020

The aquaculture industry is a fast-growing sector in Egypt; however, the progress of this industry is impeded by many challenges such as poor water quality and associated bacterial infections. Among others, Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), caused by aeromonads, is among the most important bacterial diseases affecting aquaculture due to its zoonotic potential. In the present work, motile aeromonads were isolated from water samples (n= 8) and Nile tilapia (n= 240) in four fish farms (farms I, II, III, and IV) in Kafr El-Sheikh province during the period March to August 2017. This step was followed by investigation of the prevalence and phenotypic, molecular, and histopathological characterization of aeromonads. In addition, antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene detection were analyzed. Interestingly, physicochemical water analysis revealed different ranges in relation to the fish farms and seasons. More importantly, Aeromonas isolates were phenotypically identified in 33.3% and 12.5% from fish and water samples, respectively. The highest prevalence of motile aeromonads (46.7%) was recorded from farm IV, and only 12.5% of water samples were positive for them. Out of 80 isolates, 65 (81.25%) were molecularly identified at the genus level using gyrase B (gyrB). The prevalence of the virulence genes detected in the isolated motile aeromonads was aerolysin (aer), 52.2%; elastase (ahp), 26.25%; hemolysin (hyl), 35%; and lipase (lip), 3.75%. The antibiogram profile revealed that the highest resistance of aeromonads isolates (80%) was recorded to chloramphenicol, kanamycin, and azithromycin. Meanwhile, lower resistance levels of 40%, 30%, and 20% were found for streptomycin, cefotaxime, and amoxicillin, respectively. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index values ranged between 0.27 and 0.82 of motile aeromonads isolates. Furthermore, the histopathological examinations of naturally diseased tilapia revealed widespread hepatocellular necrosis with diffuse, numerous rod-shaped bacteria in liver with melanomacrophages and lymphocytic depletion with edema and hemosiderosis in the spleen. Our findings provide an updated epidemiological baseline for future reference and highlight the likely role of the adverse impact of water quality in the outbreaks of motile aeromonads with special reference to virulence genes and antibiotic resistant traits.
Changing Human Behavior to Improve Animal Welfare: A Longitudinal Investigation of Training Laboratory Animal Personnel about Heterospecific Play or “Rat Tickling”
Authors: LaFollette Megan R. , Cloutier Sylvie , Brady Colleen M. , O’Haire Marguerite E. , Gaskill Brianna N.
Published: August 2020

Despite evidence for rat tickling’s animal welfare benefits, the technique is rarely implemented in part because of a lack of training. This study’s purpose was to determine the efficacy of online-only or online + hands-on training programs on key outcomes for rat tickling in comparison to a waitlist control condition. After completing a baseline survey, laboratory animal personnel currently working with rats in the United States were semi-randomized to receive online-only training (n = 30), online + hands-on training (n = 34), or waitlist control (n = 32). Participants received further surveys directly after training and 2 months later. Data were analyzed using general linear mixed models. At the 2-month follow-up compared to baseline, both training groups reported increased implementation, self-efficacy, knowledge, and familiarity of rat tickling while only the online + hands-on training participants reported increased control beliefs (while the waitlist group stayed the same). At the 2-month follow-up compared to the waitlist, hands-on training participants reported increased self-efficacy and familiarity with rat tickling. Overall, findings show that both online-only and online + hands-on training can improve key outcomes for rat tickling. Although online + hands-on training is slightly more effective, the interactive online-only training has the potential to improve widescale implementation of a welfare-enhancing technique.
The Course of SARS-COV2 Infection Was Not Severe in a Crohn’s Patient Who Administered Maintenance Anti-TNF Therapy Overlapping the Early Pre-Symptomatic Period of Infection
Authors: Okeke Francis , Mone Anjali , Swaminath Arun
Published: August 2020

The Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) population, which may require treatment with immunosuppressive medications, may be uniquely vulnerable to COVID-19 infection. In fact, there is some evidence these medications may inhibit the cytokine storm that is theorized to cause a rapid decline seen in COVID-19. In addition, the digestive symptoms of COVID-19 can be difficult to distinguish from the activation of IBD. We present an interesting case of a Crohn’s patient inadvertently administering anti-cytokine therapy during the pre-symptomatic period of COVID-19 infection. Immune suppression during early infection with SARS-COV2 risks a poor immune response to the virus and could theoretically result in a more severe course of infection.