bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis‐Acid‐Catalyzed Reactions of Bis(4‐alkoxyphenyl)methanol with (Diarylmethylene)‐ and (Dialkylmethylene)cyclopropanes.
Authors: Yao Liang‐Feng , Shi Min
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Modular Synthesis of 1H‐Indenes, Dihydro‐s‐indacene, and Diindenoindacene — A Carbon‐Bridged p‐Phenylenevinylene Congener.
Authors: Zhu Xiaozhang , Mitsui Chikahiko , Tsuji Hayato , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Functionalized Organozinc Reagents with Thiomethyl‐Substituted Heterocycles.
Authors: Metzger Albrecht , Melzig Laurin , Deshpotopoulou Christina , Knochel Paul
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 3,3‐ and 4,4‐Alkyl‐phenyl‐substituted Pyrrolidin‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Kulig K. , Ignasik M. , Malawska B.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Synthesis of Polysubstituted Pyrroles via the Coupling of Phenyliodonium Ylides and Enamine Esters.
Authors: Wang Jun‐Yan , Wang Xian‐Pei , Yu Zheng‐Sen , Yu Wei
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: An Asymmetric Hetero‐Claisen Approach to 3‐Alkyl‐3‐aryloxindoles.
Authors: Duguet Nicolas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: CuCN‐Mediated O‐Alkylation of N,N‐Dimethylformamide with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Thirumamagal B. T. S. , Narayanasamy Sureshbabu
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐Free Aldol Condensation of Ketones and Isatins under Mild Reaction Conditions in DMF with Molecular Sieves 4 Å as Additive.
Authors: Chen Wen‐Bing , Liao Yu‐Hua , Du Xi‐Lin , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Nitrogen Heterocycles Bearing an Aminomethyl Group by Copper‐Catalyzed Domino Three‐Component Coupling—Cyclization.
Authors: Ohta Yusuke , Chiba Hiroaki , Oishi Shinya , Fujii Nobutaka , Ohno Hiroaki
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: New Thiazoline—Oxazoline Ligands and Their Application in the Asymmetric Friedel—Crafts Reaction.
Authors: McKeon Sean C. , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Indole 3‐Alkylation/Vinylation under Catalysis of the Guanidium Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Sharifi‐Kiasaraie Masoumeh
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Synthesis of Benzo[f]isoindole‐4,9‐diones by Radical Alkylation and Bromomethylation of 1,4‐Naphthoquinones.
Authors: Deblander Jurgen , Van Aeken Sam , Jacobs Jan , De Kimpe Norbert , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Open Vessel Mode Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2‐Oxazolines from Carboxylic Acids.
Authors: Sharma Rishi , Vadivel Subramaniah K. , Duclos Richard I. Jr. , Makriyannis Alexandros
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of 2,6‐cis‐Tetrahydropyrans Through a Tandem Allylic Oxidation/Oxa‐Michael Reaction Promoted by the gem‐Disubstituent Effect: Synthesis of (+)‐Neopeltolide Macrolactone.
Authors: Kim Hyoungsu , Park Yangho , Hong Jiyong
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Revisit to the Hantzsch Reaction: Unexpected Products Beyond 1,4‐Dihydropyridines.
Authors: Shen Li , Cao Song , Wu Jingjing , Zhang Jian , Li Hui , Liu Nianjin , Qian Xuhong
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Exploring Catalyst and Solvent Effects in the Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyridine‐3,5‐dicarbonitriles.
Authors: Guo Kai , Thompson Mark J. , Chen Beining
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Homo‐Coupling of 2‐Arylpyridines.
Authors: Guo Xiangyu , Deng Guojun , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Highly Efficient Pd—C Catalytic Hydrogenation of Pyridine Nucleus under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Cheng Chuanjie , Xu Jimin , Zhu Rui , Xing Lixin , Wang Xinyan , Hu Yuefei
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Approach to the Synthesis of Ethyl 3‐Amino‐4,6‐diarylfuro[2,3‐b]pyridine‐2‐carboxylate.
Authors: Shah Hetal C. , Shah Vaishali H. , Desai Nirmal D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho‐Functionalization of 2‐Phenoxypyrimidines via Palladium‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation.
Authors: Gu Shaojin , Chen Chao , Chen Wanzhi
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydro‐5,7‐diarylpyrido[4,3‐d]pyrimidin‐4‐ols.
Authors: Amutha P. , Nagarajan S.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Dihydropyrazolopyrimidines Containing Benzimidazoles as KV1.5 Potassium Channel Antagonists.
Authors: Lloyd John , et al. et al.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of (Purin‐6‐yl)acetates and Their Transformations to 6‐(2‐Hydroxyethyl)‐ and 6‐(Carbamoylmethyl)purines.
Authors: Hasnik Zbynek , Pohl Radek , Klepetarova Blanka , Hocek Michal
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 6,7‐Dihydroxy‐3‐aryl‐5‐undecyl‐4,1,2‐benzoxadiazines.
Authors: Brahmeshwari G.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: NbCl5 as an Efficient Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,5‐Benzodiazepine Derivatives.
Authors: Gao Shu‐Tao , Liu Wei‐Hua , Ma Jing‐Jun , Wang Chun , Liang Qian
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Pyrrole[2,3‐d]azepino Compounds as Agonists of the Farnesoid X Receptor (FXR).
Authors: Mehlmann John F. , Crawley Matthew L. , Lundquist Joseph T. IV , Unwalla Ray J. , Harnish Douglas C. , Evans Mark J. , Kim Callain Y. , Wrobel Jay E. , Mahaney Paige E.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphine‐Catalyzed [4 + 3] Annulation for the Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonadienes.
Authors: Zheng Suqing , Lu Xiyan
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Antimicrobial N‐Phthaloyl‐alanyl‐derived Amidophosphates and Triazoles.
Authors: Abdou Wafaa M. , Ganoub Neven A. , Sabry Eman
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Expedient Synthesis of C‐3‐Ferrocenoyl‐N‐methylpyrrolidines via [3 + 2]‐Cycloaddition Reaction of Azomethine Ylides.
Authors: Sureshbabu A. R. , Dhamodharan V. , Raghunathan R.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Unsymmetric Cyanine Dye via Merocyanine and Their Interaction with DNA.
Authors: Briza Tomas , Kejik Zdenek , Kralova Jarmila , Martasek Pavel , Kral Vladimir
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chisiamols A—F, Triterpenoids from Chisocheton siamensis.
Authors: Xie Bojun , Yang Shengping , Zhang Chen , Yue Jianmin
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Terpenes to Ionic Liquid: Synthesis and Characterization of Citronellal‐Based Chiral Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Nageshwar D. , Rao D. Muralimohan , Acharyulu Palle V. R.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biosynthetic Capacities of Actinomycetes. Part. 50. Piceamycin and Its N‐Acetylcysteine Adduct Is Produced by Streptomyces sp. GB 4—2.
Authors: Schulz Dirk , Nachtigall Jonny , Riedlinger Julia , Schneider Kathrin , Poralla Karl , Imhoff Johannes F. , Beil Winfried , Nicholson Graeme , Fiedler Hans‐Peter , Suessmuth Roderich D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Chlorine‐Containing Glucosyl‐Fused Compound from Curculigo glabrescens.
Authors: Zhu Cui‐Cui , Wang Tian‐Ming , Wang Kai‐Jin , Li Ning
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Haplofungins, New Inositol Phosphorylceramide Synthase Inhibitors, from Lauriomyces bellulus SANK 26899. Part 2. Structure Elucidation.
Authors: Ohnuki Takashi , Yano Tatsuya , Takatsu Toshio
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Conformational Control in Metallofoldamers: Design, Synthesis and Structural Properties
Authors: Maayan Galia
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Molecular‐Weight Analogues of the Soluble Methane Monooxygenase (sMMO): From the Structural Mimicking of Resting States and Intermediates to Functional Models
Authors: Siewert Inke , Limberg Christian
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in the Application of Bromodimethylsulfonium Bromide (BDMS) in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Choudhury Lokman H. , Parvin Tasneem , Khan Abu T.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiopure Sulfoxides: Recent Applications in Asymmetric Synthesis
Authors: Carreno M. Carmen , Hernandez‐Torres Gloria , Ribagorda Maria , Urbano Antonio
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Aziridination with Catalysts Derived from VAPOL and VANOL
Authors: Zhang Yu , Lu Zhenjie , Wulff William D.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry and Biology of Landomycins, an Expanding Family of Polyketide Natural Products
Authors: Ostash B. , Korynevska A. , Stoika R. , Fedorenko V.
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Microbial Iron Acquisition: Marine and Terrestrial Siderophores
Authors: Sandy Moriah , Butler Alison
Published: January 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Relative wavelength metric for the complete hue cycle: Derivation from complementary wavelengths
Authors: Pridmore Ralph W.
Published: January 2010

In recent research, it has been increasingly necessary to employ an extended wavelength metric to cover the complete hue cycle so as to research or represent data as a function of relative wavelength rather than psychological scales such as CIELAB or Munsell hue angle. This article describes such a relative wavelength metric and its derivation from complementary wavelength functions. The metric provides a useful psychophysical, wavelength‐based, ratio scale for the hue cycle allowing nonspectrals to be treated in the same coherent scale as spectral hues. Several indicators, e.g., color order hue cycles, infer the (optimally efficient) spectral hues comprise about 71% and the nonspectrals about 29%, of the hue cycle interval. This gives a hue cycle whose relative wavelength interval is about 240 nm for illuminant D65. To relate to CIE colorimetry, spectral complementary wavelengths to the nonspectrals' relative wavelengths are identified for seven illuminants including D65,D50, C, and A. Data are given for CIE 1931, and briefly 1964, colorimetry. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010
Fine‐needle aspiration cytology of scar endometriosis: Study of seven cases and literature review
Authors: Medeiros Francisco das Chagas , Cavalcante Diane Isabelle Magno , Medeiros Maria Angelina da Silva , Eleutério José
Published: January 2010

Endometriosis is defined as the presence of endometrial‐like glands and stroma outside the uterine endometrial lining. Endometrial tissue has also been identified in numerous surgical or procedure scars, including cesarean section and laparoscopic trocar tract.

A prospective study was conducted at Maternidade‐Escola Assis Chateaubriand, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Brazil in seven patients with abdominal wall mass pathologically proven as scar endometriosis from January 2004 to December 2008. All cases were submitted to fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC).

Age ranged from 21 to 42 years old (mean: 30) with parity ranging from 0 to 3 (mean: 1.4). The preceding history of pelvic procedures was miomectomy (1 of 7), cesarean section (3 of 7), and diagnostic laparoscopy (3 of 7). The complaints occurred about 18 months after the surgical proceeding. The FNAC findings were endometrial‐like epithelial cells (6 of 7) and stromal cells (6 of 7); decidualization occurred in 2 of 7 cases. Hemosiderin‐laden macrophages were present in all cases. FNAC is a fast and accurate method to make the diagnosis before the surgery, avoiding errors in the approach of the abdominal wall endometriosis' scars. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2011;39:18–21. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Characterization of a dorsal‐eye Gal4 Line in Drosophila
Authors: Morrison Clayton M. , Halder Georg
Published: January 2010

A transgenic fly that expresses Gal4 specifically in the dorsal (upper) half of the eye. This transgene also expresses the white gene as a marker. This white gene construct is normally expressed in all eye cells, however, in this transgenic fly its expression is silenced in the ventral (lower) half of the eye resulting in the observed adult eye pigmentation pattern. The dorsal eye expression of Gal4 is a useful tool to overexpress UAS‐driven transgenes specifically in half the eye. See the paper by Morrison and Halder in this issue.
Predicting the weight gain required for recovery from anorexia nervosa with pelvic ultrasonography: An evidence‐based approach
Authors: Allan Rosemary , Sharma Reena , Sangani Bhumika , Hugo Philippa , Frampton Ian , Mason Helen , Lask Bryan
Published: January 2010

Target weights are an arbitrary means of determining return to physical health in patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and lack reliability and validity. Transabdominal pelvic ultrasound scanning (U/S) offers a more objective method of ascertaining physical well being by the ability to determine reproductive maturity. This study aimed to explore the correlations between the maturity grading on pelvic U/S and weight for height (WfH) ratios and body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Ultrasound studies were performed in 72 female adolescents (aged 11–17 years at intake) with AN. Scans were graded for maturity using published parameters of pelvic maturity and compared with the patient's WfH ratio and BMI percentile. In our sample was a wide variation of WfH ratios and BMI percentiles at each grade of maturity. This supports the view that arbitrary targets for weight, WfH ratio or BMI percentile are likely to be unnecessarily high for some patients and too low for others. We recommend that targets be based upon baseline pelvic U/S grading and follow‐up scanning. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Atypical antipsychotics and anorexia nervosa: A review
Authors: McKnight Rebecca F. , Park Rebecca J.
Published: January 2010

Background

There is currently mixed opinion regarding the value of using atypical antipsychotics to treat anorexia nervosa (AN).

Aims

To evaluate the literature on the use of atypical antipsychotics in AN.

Method

A review of all studies and clinical guidelines published before September 2009 involving use of an atypical antipsychotic in patients with AN. Analysis is by narrative synthesis.

Results

Forty‐three publications or study protocols were found, including four randomized‐controlled trials, five open‐label trials and 26 case reports. The most studied drugs were olanzapine, quetiapine and risperidone. Atypical antipsychotics appear safe and there is some evidence of positive effects on depression, anxiety and core eating disordered psychopathology in patients with anorexia nervosa. Currently there is insufficient evidence to confirm atypical antipsychotics enhance weight gain in this setting.

Conclusions

Further high quality evidence is needed in this area in order to provide practical guidance to clinicians. However, the main challenge is to persuade adequate numbers of AN patients to participate in research trials. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Polymer dynamics in torsion space
Authors: Henriksson Krister O. E. , Pesonen Janne
Published: January 2010

The large scale motion of proteins, or covalently bonded polymers in general, is governed by the dynamics of the torsion angles, with bond lengths and bond angles kept approximately constant. In the present work, the Lagrangian equations of torsion motion are derived for a general macromolecule. The dynamics is implemented numerically for a test protein, using the velocity Verlet method as the integrator. The results indicate time steps of up to about 30 fs can be used for short time (up to at least 20 ps) simulations, before the dynamics and energy start to differ significantly from results obtained with smaller time steps. For longer time simulations, up to 1000 ps, a time step of 10 fs is relatively safe. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comput Chem, 2010
Chondrogenic differentiation and lubricin expression of caprine infraspinatus tendon cells
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Spector Myron
Published: January 2010

Reparative strategies for the treatment of injuries to tendons, including those of the rotator cuff of the shoulder, need to address the formation of the cartilage which serves as the attachment apparatus to bone and which forms at regions undergoing compressive loading. Moreover, recent work indicates that cells employed for rotator cuff repair may need to synthesize a lubricating glycoprotein, lubricin, which has recently been found to play a role in tendon tribology. The objective of the present study was to investigate the chondrogenic differentiation and lubricin expression of caprine infraspinatus tendon cells in monolayer and three‐dimensional culture, and to compare the behavior with bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The results demonstrated that while tendon cells in various media, including chondrogenic medium, expressed lubricin, virtually none of the MSCs synthesized this important lubricating molecule. Also of interest was that the cartilage formation capacity of the tendon cells grown in pellet culture in chondrogenic medium was comparable with MSCs. These data inform the use of tendon cells for rotator cuff repair, including for fibrocartilaginous zones. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:716–725, 2010
Fracture models in the lumbar sheep spine: A biomechanical investigation
Authors: Heineck Jan , Haupt Cornelius , Werner Karin , Rammelt Stefan , Zwipp Hans , Wilke Hans‐Joachim
Published: January 2010

The purpose of this study was to find out if a limited resection of the cranial vertebral body leaving the posterior wall intact is a sufficient model for AO type 3 fractures, or if additional resection of the posterior wall is necessary. In six, fresh‐frozen, lumbar sheep spine specimens, the segmental stability was tested in three motion planes in a spine tester. First, the intact specimens were tested. Then, partial resection of the intervertebral disc L3/4 and resection of the cranial vertebral body of L4 was performed, leaving the posterior wall intact. This defect was tested without instrumentation and with a ventral monosegmental interlocking plate mounted. Then, the defect was extended to a total cranial resection, including the posterior wall, and the tests were subsequently repeated. The stability of both types of defects under the different conditions was compared. Without instrumentation, the total cranial resection showed significantly more ROM in flexion/extension and axial rotation than partial cranial resection. With the ventral interlocking plate mounted, the instability in total cranial resection was significantly higher in flexion/extension, with the relative relation even being increased. In axial rotation and lateral bending, the differences were equalized by the mounted plate. From a biomechanical point of view, total cranial resection including the posterior wall should be preferred as a sheep spine fracture model for AO type 3 fractures. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:773–777, 2010
Exercise following a short immobilization period is detrimental to tendon properties and joint mechanics in a rat rotator cuff injury model
Authors: Peltz Cathryn D. , Sarver Joseph J. , Dourte LeAnn M. , Würgler‐Hauri Carola C. , Williams Gerald R. , Soslowsky Louis J.
Published: January 2010

Rotator cuff tears are a common clinical problem that can result in pain and disability. Previous studies in a rat model showed enhanced tendon to bone healing with postoperative immobilization. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of postimmobilization activity level on insertion site properties and joint mechanics in a rat model. Our hypothesis was that exercise following a short period of immobilization will cause detrimental changes in insertion site properties compared to cage activity following the same period of immobilization, but that passive shoulder mechanics will not be affected. We detached and repaired the supraspinatus tendon of 22 Sprague‐Dawley rats, and the injured shoulder was immobilized postoperatively for 2 weeks. Following immobilization, rats were prescribed cage activity or exercise for 12 weeks. Passive shoulder mechanics were determined, and following euthansia, tendon cross‐sectional area and mechanical properties were measured. Exercise following immobilization resulted in significant decreases compared to cage activity in range of motion, tendon stiffness, modulus, percent relaxation, and several parameters from both a structurally based elastic model and a quasi‐linear viscoelastic model. Therefore, we conclude that after a short period of immobilization, increased activity is detrimental to both tendon mechanical properties and shoulder joint mechanics, presumably due to increased scar production. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:841–845, 2010
The effects of local and systemic alendronate delivery on wear debris‐induced osteolysis in vivo
Authors: Zhu Fang‐Bing , Cai Xun‐Zi , Yan Shi‐Gui , Zhu Han‐Xiao , Li Rui
Published: January 2010

We investigated the effects of locally and systemically administered alendronate on wear debris‐induced osteolysis in vivo. Endotoxin‐free titanium particles were injected into rabbit femurs, prior to insertion of a nonweight‐bearing polymethylmethacrylate plug into the distal femur canal. Then the particles were repeatedly injected into the knee 2, 4, and 6 weeks after the implantation. Alendronate was incorporated at three different concentrations (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) into bone cement for local delivery. For systemic delivery, alendronate was subcutaneously injected (1.0 mg/kg/week) 1 week after the implantation and then once a week until sacrifice. Eight weeks postoperatively, there was significant evidence of osteolysis surrounding the plug in the control group compared with markedly blocked osteolysis in the 0.5 wt % and the 1.0 wt % groups, and the systemic group. There was a concentration‐dependent effect of alendronate‐loaded bone cement on the improvement of peri‐prosthetic bone stock. Notably, no significant differences were found between the 0.5 wt % and the systemic group in peri‐prosthetic bone stock and implant fixation. Collectively, although the biological efficacy after the systemic delivery of alendronate was slightly higher than that in the local treatment groups, alendronate‐loaded bone cement may be therapeutically effective in inhibiting titanium particle‐induced osteolysis in vivo. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:893–899, 2010
Improved bioengineered cartilage tissue formation following cyclic compression is dependent on upregulation of MT1‐MMP
Authors: De Croos J. N. Amrith , Roughley Peter J. , Kandel Rita A.
Published: January 2010

The generation of bioengineered cartilage tissue suitable for transplantation is a potential therapy to treat damaged cartilage. We have shown previously that the physical and biomechanical properties of bioengineered cartilage can be improved by the application of 30 min of cyclic compression by a mechanism involving sequential upregulation of gene and protein levels of membrane type‐1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1‐MMP) and MMP‐13. In the current study, we demonstrated that MT1‐MMP is critical to this response, as blocking the upregulation of MT1‐MMP prevented the improvement in tissue formation. MT1‐MMP seems to act by inducing tissue remodeling as evidenced by the presence of aggrecan degradation products by Western blot analysis and increased release of matrix molecules into the media. Release of these molecules was diminished when MT1‐MMP upregulation was prevented. This matrix degradation was likely due to MT1‐MMP, as under conditions where MMP‐13 expression is maintained (stimulation in the presence of MT1‐MMP siRNA) the release of these matrix molecules into the media was still prevented. It also appears that MT1‐MMP does not regulate MMP‐13 gene expression, as MT1‐MMP‐siRNA pretreatment had no effect on MMP‐13 expression following mechanical stimulation. Further analysis of the anabolic genes and proteins involved in mechanically stimulated cartilage will lead to better understanding of the mechanism(s) underlying tissue formation yielding improved bioengineered cartilage. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:921–927, 2010
Compression therapy promotes proliferative repair during rat Achilles tendon immobilization
Authors: Schizas Nikos , Li Jian , Andersson Therese , Fahlgren Anna , Aspenberg Per , Ahmed Mahmood , Ackermann Paul W.
Published: January 2010

Achilles tendon ruptures are treated with an initial period of immobilization, which obstructs the healing process partly by a reduction of blood circulation. Intermittent pneumatic compression (IPC) has been proposed to enhance tendon repair by stimulation of blood flow. We hypothesized that daily IPC treatment can counteract the deficits caused by 2 weeks of immobilization post tendon rupture. Forty‐eight Sprague‐Dawley SD) rats, all subjected to blunt Achilles tendon transection, were divided in three equal groups. Group A was allowed free cage activity, whereas groups B–C were immobilized at the operated hindleg. Group C received daily IPC treatment. Two weeks postrupture the rats were euthanatized and the tendons analyzed with tensile testing and histological assessments of collagen organization and collagen III‐LI occurrence. Immobilization significantly reduced maximum force, energy uptake, stiffness, tendon length, transverse area, stress, organized collagen diameter and collagen III‐LI occurrence by respectively 80, 75, 77, 22, 47, 65, 49, and 83% compared to free mobilization. IPC treatment improved maximum force 65%, energy 168%, organized collagen diameter 50%, tendon length 25%, and collagen III‐LI occurrence 150% compared to immobilization only. The results confirm that immobilization impairs healing after tendon rupture and furthermore demonstrate that IPC‐treatment can enhance proliferative tendon repair by counteracting biomechanical and morphological deficits caused by immobilization. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:852–858, 2010
Collagen scaffold supplementation does not improve the functional properties of the repaired anterior cruciate ligament
Authors: Fleming Braden C. , Magarian Elise M. , Harrison Sophia L. , Paller David J. , Murray Martha M.
Published: January 2010

Primary suture anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair was abandoned in favor of reconstruction due to a high rate of clinical failures. However, the insertion of a collagen scaffold loaded with platelets into the wound at the time of suture repair (“enhanced primary repair”) has been shown to improve functional healing in animal models. Our objectives were to determine if using a collagen scaffold alone (without platelets) would be sufficient to increase the structural properties of the repaired ACL and decrease postoperative knee laxity compared to suture repair without the scaffold. Eight Yucatan minipigs underwent bilateral ACL transection and suture repair. In one knee, the repair was augmented with a collagen scaffold (SCAFFOLD group) while the other had suture alone (SUTURE group). After 13 weeks of healing, knee joint laxity and the structural properties of the ACL were measured. The addition of the collagen scaffold to suture repair of a transected ACL did not significantly improve the mean anteroposterior knee laxity [SCAFFOLD vs. SUTURE: 6.1 ± 1.4 vs. 4.4 ± 2.0 mm (p = 0.07), 8.1 ± 2.0 vs. 7.6 ± 2.0 mm (p = 0.66), and 6.2 ± 1.2 vs. 6.1 ± 1.8 mm (p = 0.85) at 30°, 60°, and 90° flexion, respectively]. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the structural properties [SCAFFOLD vs. SUTURE: 367 ± 185.9 vs. 322 ± 122.0N (p = 0.66) and 90.7 ± 29.5 vs. 85.0 ± 30.3N/mm (p = 0.74) for the yield load and linear stiffness, respectively]. The use of a collagen scaffold alone to enhance suture repair of the ACL was ineffective in this animal model. Future work will be directed at stimulating biological activity in the scaffold. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:703–709, 2010
Oxidant conditioning protects cartilage from mechanically induced damage
Authors: Ramakrishnan Prem , Hecht Benjamin A. , Pedersen Douglas R. , Lavery Matthew R. , Maynard Jerry , Buckwalter Joseph A. , Martin James A.
Published: January 2010

Articular cartilage degeneration in osteoarthritis has been linked to abnormal mechanical stresses that are known to cause chondrocyte apoptosis and metabolic derangement in in vitro models. Evidence implicating oxidative damage as the immediate cause of these harmful effects suggests that the antioxidant defenses of chondrocytes might influence their tolerance for mechanical injury. Based on evidence that antioxidant defenses in many cell types are stimulated by moderate oxidant exposure, we hypothesized that oxidant preconditioning would reduce acute chondrocyte death and proteoglycan depletion in cartilage explants after exposure to abnormal mechanical stresses. Porcine cartilage explants were treated every 48 h withtert‐butyl hydrogen peroxide (tBHP) at nonlethal concentrations (25, 100, 250, and 500 µM) for a varying number of times (one, two, or four) prior to a bout of unconfined axial compression (5 MPa, 1 Hz, 1800 cycles). When compared with untreated controls, tBHP had significant positive effects on post‐compression viability, lactate production, and proteoglycan losses. Overall, the most effective regime was 100 µM tBHP applied four times. RNA analysis revealed significant effects of 100 µM tBHP on gene expression. Catalase, hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1alpha (HIF‐1α), and glyceraldehyde 6‐phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) were significantly increased relative to untreated controls in explants treated four times with 100 µM tBHP, a regime that also resulted in a significant decrease in matrix metalloproteinase‐3 (MMP‐3) expression. These findings demonstrate that repeated exposure of cartilage to sublethal concentrations of peroxide can moderate the acute effects of mechanical stress, a conclusion supported by evidence of peroxide‐induced changes in gene expression that could render chondrocytes more resistant to oxidative damage. © 2010 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:914–920, 2010
Effect of ABS Rubber Content on the Localization of MWCNTs in PC/ABS Blends and Electrical Resistivity of the Composites
Authors: Sun Yao , Guo Zhao‐Xia , Yu Jian
Published: January 2010

Three types of acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene rubbers with different rubber contents were used in the preparation of PC/ABS/MWCNT composites. It was found that localization of MWCNTs changes from PC to ABS phase when rubber content of ABS varies from 5 to 60%. This is discussed by a combination of thermodynamics and kinetics. Melting sequence and high viscosity of ABS are used to explain the localization of MWCNTs in the high viscosity ABS phase. The relationship between the localization of MWCNTs and the electrical resistivity of the composite is also investigated.

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Rover: A tool to visualize and validate quantitative proteomics data from different sources
Authors: Colaert Niklaas , Helsens Kenny , Impens Francis , Vandekerckhove Joël , Gevaert Kris
Published: January 2010

Manual validation of regulated proteins found in MS‐driven quantitative proteome studies is tedious. Here we present Rover (http://genesis.ugent.be/rover), a tool that facilitates this process. Rover accepts quantitative data from different sources such as MASCOT Distiller and MaxQuant and, in an intuitive environment, Rover visualizes these data such that the user can select and validate algorithm‐suggested regulated proteins in the frame of the whole experiment and in the context of the protein inference problem.
Fluorine Plasma Treatments of Poly(propylene) Films, 2 – Modeling Reaction Mechanisms and Scaling
Authors: Yang Yang , Strobel Mark , Kirk Seth , Kushner Mark J.
Published: January 2010

The surface properties of commodity hydrocarbon polymers such as poly(propylene) (PP) can be modified by functionalization with plasma‐generated radicals and ions. For example, affixing fluorine to a hydrocarbon surface lowers surface energy and increases hydrophobicity. One such process is treatment of PP films in low‐pressure, capacitively coupled plasmas (CCPs) sustained in F2‐containing gas mixtures. F atoms produced in the plasma abstract H atoms from the hydrocarbon and passivate the resulting alkyl sites producing CFn sites. Energetic ion and photon fluxes sputter and initiate crosslinking. In this paper, the plasma fluorination of PP in a CCP sustained in Ar/F2 is discussed with results from a two‐dimensional plasma hydrodynamics model. The surface reaction mechanism includes a hierarchy of H abstraction and F/F2 passivation reactions, as well as crosslinking, and ion and photon‐activated processes. Predictions for surface composition were compared to experiments. We found that the lack of total fluorination with long plasma exposure is likely caused by crosslinking, which creates CC bonds that might otherwise be passivated by F atoms. Increasing steric hindrances as fluorination proceeds also contribute to lower F/C ratios.

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New potential anti‐cancer agents synergize with bortezomib and ABT‐737 against prostate cancer
Authors: Pandit Bulbul , Gartel Andrei L.
Published: January 2010

BACKGROUND

We previously described the identification of a transcriptional inhibitor ARC and FoxM1 inhibitors, thiazole antibiotics, Siomycin A and thiostrepton that were able to induce potent p53‐independent apoptosis in cancer cell lines of different origin. Here, we report the characterization of these drugs individually or in combination with ABT‐737 and bortezomib on a panel of prostate cancer cell lines.

METHODS

DU 145, LNCaP and PC‐3 prostate cancer cells were treated with ARC, Siomycin A and thiostrepton to evaluate their activity as single agents or in combination with ABT‐737 and bortezomib to measure their synergistic potential in anti‐proliferative and cell cycle assays. Chou‐Talalay method was used to quantitate the synergistic interaction. Western blot method was used to determine Mcl‐1 and FoxM1 expression and caspase‐3 cleavage.

RESULTS

We show that ARC inhibited the viability of prostate cancer cells and induced apoptosis in low nanomolar concentration. It potently downregulated the expression of Mcl‐1 and showed synergistic combination effect with Bcl‐2 inhibitor ABT‐737. Thiazole antibiotics, Siomycin A and thiostrepton inhibited growth, FoxM1 expression and induced cell death in prostate cancer cells in low micromolar concentrations. In addition, thiostrepton and ARC synergistically induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells following combination treatment with proteasome inhibitor bortezomib. Furthermore, we found that all tested drug combinations were able to induce apoptosis selectively in transformed, but not normal cells of the same origin.

CONCLUSIONS

Based on their in vitro activity as single or combination agents, ARC, Siomycin A and thiostrepton represent potential candidates for drug development against prostate cancer. Prostate 70: 825–833, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.