bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Achter de schermen van de festivalwereld
Authors: Fauconnier Bram
Published: June 2021

This paper discusses the two ‘international’ or ecumenical associations of athletes and artists in the Roman empire, the so-called xystic and thymelic synods. These associations played a key role in the world of Greek competitive festivals (agones). They not only provided practical assistance to their members and protected their professional and economic interests, they also contributed to the organisation of the competitions and supported the central authorities in keeping up an official festival calendar. Hence, they were not merely a side effect of the expansion of Greek festivals across the Roman empire, they were an important factor in making this expansion possible.
Comparative analysis of Qualitative and Quantitative Phytochemical screening, in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activity of Mangifera indica and Artocarpus heterophyllus
Authors:   Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore., Manimekalai T. , Chitra Dr. P. ,   Department of Biochemistry, Sri Ramakrishna College of Arts and Science for Women, Coimbatore.
Published: June 2021

Medicinal plants have known to play a wide role in the development of human culture. Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera indica are the well-known evergreen tropical fruiting tree families abundantly grown in Asia. Different parts of both the trees such as bark, leaves, fruits, and flowers are used in traditional medicine. The present study aims to screen the qualitative and quantitative phytochemical present, in-vitro antioxidant, and anti-microbial activity of Artocarpus heterophyllus and Mangifera indica leaf extracts and combined extract of both the leaves. The qualitative phytochemical results indicated the presence of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phytosterols, tannins, and saponins. The quantitative phytochemical results revealed that M.indica has high phenolic and flavonoid content. The Combined extract showed significant antioxidant activity when compared to both the extracts. All the extracts showed significant antimicrobial activity.
PELAKSANAAN UJIAN TES SEKRETARIS DESA DI DESA WILANGSARI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN COMPUTER ASSISTED TEST
Authors: Karaman Jamilah , Aliyadi Aliyadi , Kumalasari Ellisia
Published: June 2021

Pegawai pemerintahan yang baik sangat diperlukan untuk dapat mewujudkan tujuan pemerintah. Untuk mendapatkan pegawai pemerintahan yang berkualitas dan berintegritas diperlukan usaha yang maksimal. Salah satu yang bisa dilakukan pemerintah adalah dengan melakukan perekrutan pegawai negeri atau biasa disebut CPNS. Perekrutan CPNS dilakukan pemerintah dengan menggunakan sistem CAT. Pada kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi Calon Sekretaris Desa guna mendapatkan Aparatur Sipil Negara yang berkualitas dan berintegritas tinggi. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada tanggal 30 Maret 2021 dengan waktu pelaksanaan kegiatan adalah 1 hari. Terdapat 49 peserta yang mengikuti ujian ini. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah butir soal ujian yang sudah diinput ke dalam komputer sebanyak 150 soal yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe soal. Sistem CAT dipilih dalam proses seleksi karena terdapat banyak kelebihan, seperti hemat biaya dan waktu, efisien, praktis, meminimalisir kerugian bagi peserta sebagai akibat dari adanya praktek KKN, dan meminimalisir kesalahan pengkoreksian. Pelaksanaan ujian ini hanya meloloskan 1 orang,  namun Panitia Balai Desa akan mengirimkan 2 nama di mana salah satunya sebagai cadangan.  Dengan adanya kegiatan ini di harapkan mendapatkan PNS (Pegawai Negeri Sipil) yang kompeten, profesionnal dan bebas dari praktek KKN.Kata Kunci: calon pegawai negeri sipil, computer assited test, perangkat desa
Implementasi Akuntasi Koperasi Sesuai Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Mengengah Nomor 13 Tahun 2015 berbasis MYOB
Authors: Slahanti Masine , Yulianti Yulianti , Wahdi Nirsetyo
Published: June 2021

Tujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian ini adalah melakukan sosialisasi dan pelatihan penyusunan laporan keuangan menggunakan program berbasis Komputer akuntansi (MYOB) pada Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Artha Mandiri Kecamatan Karangawen, Demak. Kegiatan ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus s/d Oktober 2018 di Koperasi Simpan Pinjam Artha Mandiri Kecamatan Karangawen, Demak. Metode yang digunakan yaitu yang pertama penyuluhan dan pemahaman mengenai Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Nomor 13 Taahun 2015, yang kedua laporan keuangan koperasi dan pelatihan, yang ketiga pemahaman penyususunan laporan keuangan koperasi dan pelatihan-pelatihannya. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan menunjukkan pengelola koperasi mampu menyusun laporan keuangan koperasi sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Koperasi dan Usaha kecil dan Menengah. Sehingga penyusunan laporan keuangan menggunakan sistem komputerisasi (MYOB) menjadi lebih efektif dan efisien dalam menyusun laporan keuangan. Hal ini akan membuat penyampaian laporan keuangan atau pertanggungjawaban pengelola koperasi kepada para anggota tidak terjadi lebih dari waktu yang ditetapkan. Kata Kunci: akuntansi berbasis myob, laporan keuangan, pelatihan
PENINGKATAN KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA AL-QUR’AN GURU PADA ERA NEW NORMAL DI SD NEGERI 3 BANDAR AGUNG
Authors: Toyib Subagio
Published: June 2021

This article aims to describe the efforts to improve the ability to read the Al-Qur'an teachers in the New Normal Era at SD Negeri 3 Bandar Agung. The data collection methods used were observation, interview and documentation. The results showed that the teacher's ability to read Al-Qur'an could be improved through the application of the Al-Qur'an learning habit method with peer guidance, the use of in-formal educational institutions and the provision of adequate facilities and infrastructure. The positive contribution of this article can provide information to the wider community about the implementation of strategies to improve reading skills of the Qur'an that are suitable for a teacher.
A PANORAMIC VIEW ON ARGEMONE MEXICANA: ITS MEDICINAL IMPORTANCE AND PHYTOCHEMICAL POTENTIALS.
Authors: Kulshrestha Sunanda , Goel Anjana
Published: June 2021

Argemone mexicana, a prickly plant commonly called as prickly poppy is found in sub tropical regions and is well known for its medicinal properties. Its potential as a medicinal plant has been practiced traditionally and been prescribed as medicines by Ayurvedic, Unani, Siddha and Homeopathic practices since several years. Each part of plant posses bio active compounds that help in curing ailments like HIV, malaria, ring worm infections, fungal infections, cancer etc. These activities have been studied in vivo and in vitro set up and results have been obtained in favor. Further, phytochemical evaluation has unveiled the presence of compounds like berberine, argemonine, protopine etc, which show curative actions and could be used for treatment of diseases with future preception. This review is a sum up of all literature available through the internet and was searched using keywords ‘Argemone mexicana’, ‘phytochemical importance of Argemone’ and many other exclusive words with respect to different activities scanned for reviewing. The references provided in the papers were also given a thorough look and retrieved the respected data from them too. ‘Scopus’, ‘Pubmed’, ‘Google Scholar’, ‘Research Gate’ were used to search for the relevant papers through different journals available. The literature has then been framed in a way with up gradation about Argemone mexicana and its promising affects seen with the potential of the plant which is still undiscovered but could be utilized as curative methods
ABD ve AB Tarafından Uygulanan Ticaret Politikası Önlemlerinin Türk Çelik Sektörüne Etkileri
Authors: VURDU Selahattin Armağan
Published: June 2021

Sanayi üretiminin ana girdilerinden olan çelik ürünlerinin tüketimi ülkelerin gelişmişlikleri ile paralellikler teşkil etmektedir. İnşaat, otomotiv, beyaz eşya, enerji, makina vb. birçok sanayi sektöründe kullanılan çelik ürünleri temel girdi durumundadır ve bu sebeple ekonomik açıdan stratejik sektörler arasında gösterilmektedir. 21. yüzyılda sıvı çelik üretimi gelişmiş ülkelerde düşüş eğilimi göstermektedir, gelişmekte olan ülkelerde ise artış eğilimindedir. Başta AB ve ABD olmak üzere, gelişmiş ülkeler de üretimlerindeki bu düşüş eğiliminin önüne geçmek ve iç pazarlarını korumak için ticaret politikası önlemlerine başvurmaktadırlar. Böylelikle çelik ithalatlarını kontrol altına alırken, üretim açısından mevcut durumu koruma veya iyileştirme beklentisindedirler. Nitekim dünyada en fazla korumacılık önlemi uygulanan sektörlerden biri de yine çelik sektörüdür. Korumacılık önlemleri kapsamında vergi ve/ya kota uygulamaları ön plana çıkmaktadır. Türkiye sıvı çelik üretiminde ve çelik ihracatında dünyanın önemli ülkeleri arasında yer almakta olup söz konusu önlemelere sıklıkla maruz kalmaktadır. Özellikle 2015-2020 yılları arasında ABD, geçmiş yıllarda Türkiye’nin en fazla çelik ihracatı yaptığı ülke iken son yıllarda ABD hükümetinin uyguladığı Section 232 kapsamındaki %25 verginin Türkiye aleyhine iki katına çıkartılması nedeniyle bu süre zarfında Türkiye’nin ABD’ye çelik ihracatı durma noktasına gelmiş; Türkiye için uygulanan ilave %25 verginin kaldırılmasını takiben ihracat hacimleri normalleşme sürecine girmiştir ancak vergi öncesi dönemdeki seviyelere ulaşamamıştır. Diğer yandan AB’de uygulanan kotalar sebebiyle de Türkiye’nin bu bölgeye ihracatı sınırlandırılmış ve bu durum da istatistiklere olumsuz olarak yansımıştır. Türk çelik sektörü bu dönemde pazar çeşitlendirmesini gerçekleştirebilmiştir. Türkiye’nin ihracatında önemli yere sahip geleneksel pazarları olarak nitelendirilen ABD ve AB pazarlarında yaşanan daralma, alternatif pazarlar olarak görülen Güneydoğu Asya, Batı Afrika ve Latin Amerika pazarları ile telafi edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Türkiye’nin 2015-2020 yılları arasında gerçekleştirdiği çelik ihracatı incelenmekte, ABD ve AB’nin ticaret politikası önlemlerinin, kendi iç pazarlarındaki üretim, ihracat ve ithalatına etkisi analiz edilmektedir.
Review of Articles Related to Mixed Reality in Education
Authors: SİNOPLU Mertkan , KARAOĞLAN YILMAZ Fatma Gizem
Published: June 2021

With the development of technology, there have been developments in the field of education as in every field. Among these developments, it can be said that the most important developments regarding educational environments are reality technologies. These technologies can be divided into three categories as virtual reality, augmented reality and mixed reality. Since mixed reality, one of these technologies, is a combination of virtual and augmented reality, it is thought that studies in this field will contribute to studies in other realities. In this study, the articles using mixed reality technologies were systematically examined. After the examination, the articles were evaluated and classified according to the criteria determined. With the study, the distributions of the articles on mixed reality in the field of education between years 2016-2020 in the Web of Science database were found according to the determined criteria and inferences were made about these distributions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that most of the articles were published in 2020 and 2018. In addition to this result, it was determined that quantitative articles were much more than qualitative articles. It was seen that experimental-applied study was mainly chosen as the type of article. Science was found to be the most preferred learning area. It was seen that the undergraduate level was the most chosen sample level. It was determined that the questionnaire was the most chosen data collection tool. Finally, it was concluded that “50-99” and “0-24” are the most selected sample ranges in mixed reality research in education.
La costa de los murmullos
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Jorge Lídia
Published: June 2021

La costa de los murmullos ocupa un lugar aparte en la historia de la literatura de lengua portuguesa, en la medida en que aborda el tema de las guerras coloniales desde una perspectiva femenina. Eva Lopo, la narradora de una gran parte del texto, vuelve veinte años después a su experiencia africana, cuando acompañó a su marido, un soldado portugués que combatía la rebelión africana en el norte de Mozambique. En la novela, la violencia del conflicto político y militar repercute en el ámbito doméstico, a través de la mirada aguda de una mujer que, a su manera, también es protagonista de una subversión. El libro de Lídia Jorge puede ser leído como un ajuste de cuentas, no sólo con la historia colonial, sino también con los tabús del sistema social portugués del dictador Salazar. En palabras de la autora, este “no es un libro sobre la guerra, sino tal vez sobre la violencia, sobre el estertor de una época”.
Nadie nos mira
Authors:   Facultad de Artes y Humanidades, Universidad de los Andes, Peixoto José Luís
Published: June 2021

Nadie nos mira desarrolla la vida de dos generaciones en un pequeño poblado rural, acuciado por la soledad, los celos y la muerte. Los personajes son pastores, carpinteros, taberneros, sus mujeres e hijos, es decir, son personas comunes, últimos eslabones en el orden social humano. Para todos, hombres y mujeres, la vida parece un juego cuyo discurrir no puede ser cuestionado, apenas padecido, como no se cuestiona al destino. Un callejón sin salida cuyo ritmo es marcado por la aparición de un gigante o por las palabras del diablo. No hay rastro de religiosidad, de trascendencia: nadie pide por una vida diferente, más allá de lo evidente está solamente lo monstruoso.
Respuesta a vismodegib en un meduloblastoma recurrente.
Authors: Bernal Laura , Useche Nicolás , Bermúdez Sonia , Cardona Andrés Felipe
Published: June 2021

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Diet therapy for infectious diseases in children
Authors: Плоскирева А.А.
Published: June 2021

Изменение обмена веществ при инфекционных болезнях у детей характеризуется однотипностью метаболических сдвигов и обусловлено сочетанием значимого повышения потребности организма в энергии и белково-энергетических субстратах с толерантностью тканей к их усвоению. При этом тяжесть течения инфекции обуславливает развитие относительной нутритивной недостаточности. Нарушения обмена веществ, развивающиеся при инфекционных болезнях у детей, носят характер стереотипной стрессорной реакции, характеризующейся на фоне повышения потребностей организма в белково-энергетических субстратах развитием дисбаланса в обмене углеводов, белков и жиров. В статье рассмотрена проблема важности рационального питания у детей при инфекционных болезнях. Показано, что основными подходами к диетотерапии должны быть этапность, учет возраста ребенка и тяжести болезни. Одним из значимых аспектов профилактики негативного влияния инфекционного процесса и, например, антибактериальной терапии является назначение продуктов функционального питания, содержащих пробиотические компоненты.

The change in metabolism in infectious diseases in children is characterized by the same type of metabolic changes and is due to a combination of a significant increase in the body's need for energy and protein-energy substrates with tissue tolerance for their assimilation. At the same time, the severity of the course of the infection determines the development of relative nutritional deficiency. Metabolic disorders that develop in infectious diseases in children are in the nature of a stereotypical stress reaction, characterized by the development of an imbalance in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats against the background of an increase in the body's needs for protein-energy substrates. The article deals with the problem of the importance of a balanced diet in children with infectious diseases. It is shown that the main approaches to diet therapy should be stages, taking into account the child's age and the severity of the disease. One of the significant aspects of preventing the negative impact of the infectious process and, for example, antibacterial therapy is the appointment of functional food products containing probiotic components.
Seasonal features of geomagnetic activity: evidence for solar activity dependence?
Authors: Marques de Souza Franco Adriane , Hajra Rajkumar , Echer Ezequiel , Bolzan Mauricio José Alves
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Seasonal features of geomagnetic activity and their solar wind-interplanetary drivers are studied using more than 5 solar cycles of geomagnetic activity and solar wind observations. This study involves a total of 1239 geomagnetic storms of varying intensity identified using the Dst index from January 1963 to December 2019, a total of 75863 substorms identified from the SML index from January 1976 to December 2019, a total of 145 high-intensity long-duration continuous auroral electrojet (AE) activity (HILDCAA) events identified using the AE index from January 1975 to December 2017. The occurrence rates of the substorms, geomagnetic storms, including moderate (−50 nT ≥ Dst > −100 nT) and intense (−100 nT ≥ Dst > −250 nT), exhibit a significant semi-annual variation (periodicity ~ 6 months), while the super storms (Dst ≤ −250 nT) and HILDCAAs do not exhibit any clear seasonal feature. The geomagnetic activity indices Dst and ap exhibit a semi-annual variation while AE exhibits an annual variation (periodicity ~ 1 year). The annual and semi-annual variations are found to be driven by the annual variation of the solar wind speed Vsw and the semi-annual variation of the coupling function V Bs (where V = Vsw, and Bs is the southward component of the interplanetary magnetic field), respectively. We present a detailed analysis of the annual and semi-annual variations and their dependencies on the solar activity cycles separated as the odd, even, weak and strong solar cycles.
A triple tree-ring constraint for tree growth and physiology in a global land surface model
Authors: Barichivich Jonathan , Peylin Philippe , Launois Thomas , Daux Valerie , Risi Camille , Jeong Jina , Luyssaert Sebastiaan
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Annually resolved tree-ring records extending back to pre-industrial conditions have the potential to constrain the responses of global land surface models at interannual to centennial timescales. Here, we demonstrate a framework to simultaneously constrain the representation of tree growth and physiology in the ORCHIDEE global land surface model using the simulated variability of tree-ring width and carbon (Δ13C) and oxygen (δ18O) stable isotopes in six sites in boreal and temperate Europe. We exploit the resulting tree-ring triplet to derive integrative constraints for leaf physiology and growth from well-known mechanistic relationships among the variables. ORCHIDEE simulates Δ13C (r=0.31–0.80) and δ18O (r=0.36–0.74) better than tree-ring width (r<0.55), with an overall skill similar to that of a tree-ring model (MAIDENiso) and another isotope-enabled global vegetation model (LPX-Bern). The comparison with tree-ring data showed that growth variability is not well represented in ORCHIDEE and that the parameterization of leaf-level physiological responses (stomatal control) to drought stress in the temperate region can be constrained using the interannual variability of tree-ring stable isotopes. The representation of carbon storage and remobilization dynamics emerged as a critical process to improve the realism of simulated growth variability, temporal carryover, and recovery of forest ecosystems after climate extremes.
Simulated forest gross primary productivity (GPP) correlates with simulated tree-ring Δ13C and δ18O variability, but the origin of the correlations with tree-ring δ18O is not entirely physiological. The integration of tree-ring data and land surface models as demonstrated here should guide model improvements and contribute towards reducing current uncertainties in forest carbon and water cycling.
Remote and Autonomous Measurements of Precipitation for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica
Authors: Seefeldt Mark W. , Low Taydra M. , Landolt Scott D. , Nylen Thomas H.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The Antarctic Precipitation System project deployed and maintained four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf in Antarctica from November 2017 to November 2019. The goals for the project included the collection of in situ observations of precipitation in Antarctica spanning a duration of two years, an improvement in the understanding of precipitation events across the Ross Ice Shelf, and the ability to validate precipitation data from atmospheric numerical models. At each of the four sites the precipitation was measured with an OTT Pluvio2 precipitation gauge. Additionally, snow accumulation at the site was measured with a sonic ranging sensor and using GPS-Interferometry Reflectivity. Supplemental observations of temperature, wind speed, particle count, particle size and speed, and images and video from a camera, were collected to provide context to the precipitation measurements. The collected dataset represents some of the first year-round observations of precipitation in Antarctic at remote locations using an autonomous measurement system. The acquired observations have been quality controlled, post-processed, and are available for retrieval through the United States Antarctic Program Data Center (Seefeldt, 2021; doi.org/10.15784/601441).
VODCA2GPP – A new global, long-term (1988–2020) GPP dataset from microwave remote sensing
Authors: Wild Benjamin , Teubner Irene , Moesinger Leander , Zotta Ruxandra-Maria , Forkel Matthias , van der Schalie Robin , Sitch Stephen , Dorigo Wouter Arnoud
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Long-term global monitoring of terrestrial Gross Primary Production (GPP) is crucial for assessing ecosystem response to global climate change. In recent years and decades, great advances in estimating GPP on a global level have been made and many global GPP datasets have been published. These global data records are either based on observations from optical remote sensing, are upscaled from in situ measurements, or rely on process-based models. The different estimation approaches are well established within the scientific community but also exhibit significant discrepancies among each other. Here, we introduce the new VODCA2GPP dataset, which utilizes microwave remote sensing estimates of Vegetation Optical Depth (VOD) to estimate GPP on a global scale. VODCA2GPP is able to complement existing products with long-term GPP estimates covering the period 1988–2020. VODCA2GPP applies a previously developed carbon sink-driven approach (Teubner et al., 2019, 2021) to estimate GPP from the Vegetation Optical Depth Climate Archive (Zotta et al., in prep.; Moesinger et al., 2020), which merges VOD observations from multiple sensors into one long-running, coherent data record. VODCA2GPP was trained and evaluated against FLUXNET in situ observations of GPP and assessed against largely independent state-of-the art GPP datasets (MODIS GPP, FLUXCOM GPP, and GPP estimates from the TRENDY-v7 model ensemble). These assessments show that VODCA2GPP exhibits very similar spatial patterns compared to existing GPP datasets across all biomes but with a consistent positive bias. In terms of temporal dynamics, a high agreement was found for regions outside the humid tropics, with median correlations around 0.75. Concerning anomalies from the long-term climatology, VODCA2GPP correlates well with MODIS and TRENDY-v7 GPP (Pearson’s r: 0.53 and 0.61) but less with FLUXCOM GPP (Pearson’s r: 0.29). A trend analysis for the period 1988–2019 did not exhibit a significant trend in VODCA2GPP on a global scale but rather suggests regionally differing long-term changes in GPP. Significant similar increases of global GPP that were found for VODCA2GPP, MODIS GPP, and the TRENDY-v7 ensemble for the shorter overlapping observation period (2003–2015) supports the theory of elevated CO2 uptake potentially induced by increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations and the associated rising temperatures. The VODCA2GPP dataset is available at TU Data (https://doi.org/10.48436/1k7aj-bdz35; Wild et al., 2021).
Development of a large-eddy simulation subgrid model based on artificial neural networks: a case study of turbulent channel flow
Authors: Stoffer Robin , van Leeuwen Caspar M. , Podareanu Damian , Codreanu Valeriu , Veerman Menno A. , Janssens Martin , Hartogensis Oscar K. , van Heerwaarden Chiel C.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Atmospheric boundary layers and other wall-bounded flows are often simulated with the large-eddy simulation (LES) technique, which relies on subgrid-scale (SGS) models to parameterize the smallest scales. These SGS models often make strong simplifying assumptions. Also, they tend to interact with the discretization errors introduced by the popular LES approach where a staggered finite-volume grid acts as an implicit filter. We therefore developed an alternative LES SGS model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) for the computational fluid dynamics MicroHH code (v2.0). We used a turbulent channel flow (with friction Reynolds number Reτ=590) as a test case. The developed SGS model has been designed to compensate for both the unresolved physics and instantaneous spatial discretization errors introduced by the staggered finite-volume grid. We trained the ANNs based on instantaneous flow fields from a direct numerical simulation (DNS) of the selected channel flow. In general, we found excellent agreement between the ANN-predicted SGS fluxes and the SGS fluxes derived from DNS for flow fields not used during training. In addition, we demonstrate that our ANN SGS model generalizes well towards other coarse horizontal resolutions, especially when these resolutions are located within the range of the training data. This shows that ANNs have potential to construct highly accurate SGS models that compensate for spatial discretization errors. We do highlight and discuss one important challenge still remaining before this potential can be successfully leveraged in actual LES simulations: we observed an artificial buildup of turbulence kinetic energy when we directly incorporated our ANN SGS model into a LES simulation of the selected channel flow, eventually resulting in numeric instability. We hypothesize that error accumulation and aliasing errors are both important contributors to the observed instability. We finally make several suggestions for future research that may alleviate the observed instability.
Effects of heterogeneous reactions on tropospheric chemistry: a global simulation with the chemistry–climate model CHASER V4.0
Authors: Ha Phuc T. M. , Matsuda Ryoki , Kanaya Yugo , Taketani Fumikazu , Sudo Kengo
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This study uses a chemistry–climate model CHASER (MIROC)
to explore the roles of heterogeneous reactions (HRs) in global tropospheric
chemistry. Three distinct HRs of N2O5, HO2, and RO2 are
considered for surfaces of aerosols and cloud particles. The model
simulation is verified with EANET and EMEP stationary observations; R/V Mirai ship-based data; ATom1 aircraft measurements; satellite observations
by OMI, ISCCP, and CALIPSO-GOCCP; and reanalysis data JRA55. The
heterogeneous chemistry facilitates improvement of model performance with
respect to observations for NO2, OH, CO, and O3, especially in the
lower troposphere. The calculated effects of heterogeneous reactions cause
marked changes in global abundances of O3 (−2.96 %), NOx
(−2.19 %), CO (+3.28 %), and global mean CH4 lifetime
(+5.91 %). These global effects were contributed mostly by
N2O5 uptake onto aerosols in the middle troposphere. At the
surface, HO2 uptake gives the largest contributions, with a
particularly significant effect in the North Pacific region (−24 %
O3, +68 % NOx, +8 % CO, and −70 % OH), mainly
attributable to its uptake onto clouds. The RO2 reaction has a small
contribution, but its global mean negative effects on O3 and CO are not
negligible. In general, the uptakes onto ice crystals and cloud droplets
that occur mainly by HO2 and RO2 radicals cause smaller global
effects than the aerosol-uptake effects by N2O5 radicals
(+1.34 % CH4 lifetime, +1.71 % NOx, −0.56 % O3,
+0.63 % CO abundances). Nonlinear responses of tropospheric O3,
NOx, and OH to the N2O5 and HO2 uptakes are found in the
same modeling framework of this study (R>0.93). Although all HRs
showed negative tendencies for OH and O3 levels, the effects of
HR(HO2) on the tropospheric abundance of O3 showed a small
increment with an increasing loss rate. However, this positive tendency
turns to reduction at higher rates (>5 times). Our results
demonstrate that the HRs affect not only polluted areas but also remote
areas such as the mid-latitude sea boundary layer and upper troposphere.
Furthermore, HR(HO2) can bring challenges to pollution reduction
efforts because it causes opposite effects between NOx (increase) and
surface O3 (decrease).
Quantifying pluriannual hydrological memory with Catchment Forgetting Curves
Authors: de Lavenne Alban , Andréassian Vazken , Crochemore Louise , Lindström Göran , Arheimer Berit
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This article presents a new approach to quantifying pluriannual hydrological memory, using exclusively streamflow and climate data. The rainfall--runoff relationship is analyzed through the concept of elasticity, focusing on the relation between the annual anomalies of runoff yield and humidity index. We identify Catchment Forgetting Curves (CFC) to quantify pluriannual catchment memory, considering not only the current year's humidity anomaly but also the anomalies of the preceding years. CFCs are parameterized using a Gamma distribution. The variability of CFCs is investigated on a set of 158 Swedish and 527 French catchments. As expected, French catchments overlying powerful aquifers exhibit a long memory. In Sweden, the expected effect of the lakes is less clear. Overall, aridity appears to be one of the main drivers of catchment memory in both countries. Our work underlines the need to account for catchment memory in order to produce meaningful and geographically coherent elasticity indices.
Exploring the partial use of the Mo.S.E. system as effective adaptation to rising flood frequency of Venice
Authors: Mel Riccardo Alvise
Published: June 2021

Abstract. In times of climate change the impact of coastal hazards should be mitigated by identifying and implementing effective adaptation strategies, encompassing a balanced mix of structural and non-structural measures based on high level scientific knowledge. Due to its hydro-geological features, the Venice lagoon (Italy) is particularly vulnerable to climate change. Some structural measures have been adopted over time to protect Venice from flooding, among which a system of flap gates (Mo.S.E. system) has been operational under testing phase since October 2020. However, relative sea level rise and wind setup pose relevant management challenges, as a frequent closing of the lagoon would have negative impacts on flushing capacity, fishing industry and port activities. Hence, optimal operation rules for the existing control structure are searched to anticipate and to adapt to a possible acceleration of sea level rise induced by climate change. Here, the focus is on the hydrodynamic effects of a partial closure of the Mo.S.E. barriers that, with respect to closing all the three inlets of the Lagoon, could play a role in reducing the economic and environmental impacts of the Mo.S.E. system. The main goal is to identify the flooding events that can be counteracted by closing only the Lido inlet, which is the closest to the city of Venice. Based on the tidal and meteorological dataset collected in the period 2000–2019, a robust modelling exercise indicates that the closing of the Lido inlet only would protect the Venice lagoon from two third of the flooding events up to a relative sea level rise of +0.4 m.
Review article: Risk management framework of environmental hazards and extremes in Mediterranean ecosystems
Authors: Nastos Panagiotis T. , Dalezios Nicolas R. , Faraslis Ioannis N. , Mitrakopoulos Kostas , Blanta Anna , Spiliotopoulos Marios , Sakellariou Stavros , Sidiropoulos Pantelis , Tarquis Ana M.
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Risk assessment constitutes the first part within the risk management
framework and involves evaluating the importance of a risk, either quantitatively or qualitatively. Risk assessment consists of three steps,
namely risk identification, risk estimation and risk evaluation.
Nevertheless, the risk management framework also includes a fourth step,
i.e., the need for feedback on all the risk assessment undertakings.
However, there is a lack of such feedback, which constitutes a serious
deficiency in the reduction of environmental hazards at the present time.
Risk identification of local or regional hazards involves hazard quantification, event monitoring including early warning systems and
statistical inference. Risk identification also involves the development of
a database where historical hazard information and hazard effects are
included. Similarly, risk estimation involves magnitude–frequency relationships and hazard economic costs. Furthermore, risk evaluation consists of the social consequences of the derived risk and involves
cost-benefit analysis and community policy. The objective of this review
paper is twofold. On the one hand, it is to address meteorological hazards and
extremes within the risk management framework. Analysis results and case
studies over Mediterranean ecosystems with emphasis on the wider area of
Greece, in the eastern Mediterranean, are presented for each of the three
steps of risk assessment for several environmental hazards. The results
indicate that the risk management framework constitutes an integrated
approach for environmental planning and decision-making. On the other hand,
it sheds light on advances and current trends in the considered meteorological and environmental hazards and extreme events, such as
tornadoes, waterspouts, hailstorms, heat waves, droughts, floods, heavy
convective precipitation, landslides and wildfires, using recorded datasets,
model simulations and innovative methodologies.
Indirect flood impacts and cascade risk across interdependent linear infrastructures
Authors: Arrighi Chiara , Pregnolato Maria , Castelli Fabio
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Floods are one of the most frequent and damaging natural threats worldwide. Whereas the assessment of direct impacts is well advanced, the evaluation of indirect impacts is less frequently achieved. Indirect impacts are not due to the physical contact with flood water but result, for example, from the reduced performance of infrastructures. Linear critical infrastructures (such as roads and pipes) have an interconnected nature that may lead to failure propagation, so that impacts extend far beyond the inundated areas and/or period. This work presents the risk analysis of two linear infrastructure systems, i.e. the water distribution system (WSS) and the road network system. The evaluation of indirect flood impacts on the two networks is carried out for four flooding scenarios, obtained by a coupled 1D–quasi-2D hydraulic model. Two methods are used for assessing the impacts on the WSS and on the road network: a pressure-driven demand network model and a transport network disruption model respectively. The analysis is focused on the identification of (i) common impact metrics, (ii) vulnerable elements exposed to the flood, (iii) similarities and differences of the methodological aspects for the two networks, and (iv) risks due to systemic interdependency. The study presents an application to the metropolitan area of Florence (Italy). When interdependencies are accounted for, results showed that the risk to the WSS in terms of population equivalent (PE/year) can be reduced by 71.5 % and 41.8 %, if timely repairs to the WSS stations are accomplished by 60 and 120 min respectively; the risk to WSS in terms of pipe length (km yr−1) reduces by 53.1 % and 15.6 %. The study highlights that resilience is enhanced by systemic risk-informed planning, which ensures timely interventions on critical infrastructures; however, for indirect impacts and cascade effects, temporal and spatial scales are difficult to define. Perspective research could further improve this work by applying a system-risk analysis to multiple urban infrastructures.
A Bayesian approach towards daily pan-Arctic sea ice freeboard estimates from combined CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 satellite observations
Authors: Gregory William , Lawrence Isobel R. , Tsamados Michel
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Observations of sea ice freeboard from satellite radar altimeters are crucial in the derivation of sea ice thickness estimates, which in turn provide information on sea ice forecasts, volume budgets, and productivity rates. Current spatio-temporal resolution of radar freeboard is limited as 30 d are required in order to generate pan-Arctic coverage from CryoSat-2 and 27 d are required from Sentinel-3 satellites. This therefore hinders our ability to understand physical processes that drive sea ice thickness variability on sub-monthly timescales. In this study we exploit the consistency between CryoSat-2, Sentinel-3A, and Sentinel-3B radar freeboards in order to produce daily gridded pan-Arctic freeboard estimates between December 2018 and April 2019. We use the Bayesian inference approach of Gaussian process regression to learn functional mappings between radar freeboard observations in space and time and to subsequently retrieve pan-Arctic freeboard as well as uncertainty estimates. We also employ an empirical Bayesian approach towards learning the free (hyper)parameters of the model, which allows us to derive daily estimates related to radar freeboard spatial and temporal correlation length scales. The estimated daily radar freeboard predictions are, on average across the 2018–2019 season, equivalent to CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards to within 1 mm (standard deviations <6 cm), and cross-validation experiments show that errors in predictions are, on average, ≤ 4 mm across the same period. We also demonstrate the improved temporal variability of a pan-Arctic daily product by comparing time series of the predicted freeboards, with 31 d running means from CryoSat-2 and Sentinel-3 freeboards, across nine sectors of the Arctic, as well as making comparisons with daily ERA5 snowfall data. Pearson correlations between daily radar freeboard anomalies and snowfall are as high as +0.52 over first-year ice and +0.41 over multi-year ice, suggesting that the estimated daily fields are able to capture real physical radar freeboard variability at sub-weekly timescales.
Non-normal flow rules affect fracture angles in sea ice viscous–plastic rheologies
Authors: Ringeisen Damien , Tremblay L. Bruno , Losch Martin
Published: June 2021

Abstract. The standard viscous–plastic (VP) sea ice model with an elliptical yield curve and a normal flow rule has at least two issues. First, it does not simulate fracture angles below 30∘ in uni-axial compression, in contrast with observations of linear kinematic features (LKFs) in the Arctic Ocean. Second, there is a tight, but unphysical, coupling between the fracture angle, post-fracture deformation, and the shape of the yield curve. This tight coupling was identified as the reason for the overestimation of fracture angles. In this paper, these issues are addressed by removing the normality constraint on the flow rule in the standard VP model. The new rheology is tested in numerical uni-axial loading tests. To this end, an elliptical plastic potential – which defines the post-fracture deformations, or flow rule – is introduced independently of the elliptical yield curve. As a consequence, the post-fracture deformation is decoupled from the mechanical strength properties of the ice. We adapt Roscoe's angle theory, which is based on observations of granular materials, to the context of sea ice modeling. In this framework, the fracture angles depend on both yield curve and plastic potential parameters. This new formulation predicts accurately the results of the numerical experiments with a root-mean-square error below 1.3∘. The new rheology allows for angles of fracture smaller than 30∘ in uni-axial compression. For instance, a plastic potential with an ellipse aspect ratio smaller than 2 (i.e., the default value in the standard viscous–plastic model) can lead to fracture angles as low as 22∘. Implementing an elliptical plastic potential in the standard VP sea ice model requires only small modifications to the standard VP rheology. The momentum equations with the modified rheology, however, are more difficult to solve numerically. The independent plastic potential solves the two issues with VP rheology addressed in this paper: in uni-axial loading experiments, it allows for smaller fracture angles, which fall within the range of satellite observations, and it decouples the angle of fracture and the post-fracture deformation from the shape of the yield curve. The orientation of the post-fracture deformation along the fracture lines (convergence and divergence), however, is still controlled by the shape of the plastic potential and the location of the stress state on the yield curve. A non-elliptical plastic potential would be required to change the orientation of deformation and to match deformation statistics derived from satellite measurements.
Wind turbine drivetrains: state-of-the-art technologies and future development trends
Authors: Nejad Amir R. , Keller Jonathan , Guo Yi , Sheng Shawn , Polinder Henk , Watson Simon , Dong Jianning , Qin Zian , Ebrahimi Amir , Schelenz Ralf , Guzmán Francisco Gutiérrez , Cornel Daniel , Golafshan Reza , Jacobs Georg , Blockmans Bart , Bosmans Jelle , Pluymers Bert , Carroll James , Koukoura Sofia , Hart Edward , McDonald Alasdair , Natarajan Anand , Torsvik Jone , Moghadam Farid K. , Daems Pieter-Jan , Verstraeten Timothy , Peeters Cédric , Helsen Jan
Published: June 2021

Abstract. This paper presents the state-of-the-art technologies and development trends of wind turbine drivetrains – the energy conversion systems transferring the kinetic energy of the wind to electrical energy – in different stages of their life cycle: design, manufacturing, installation, operation, lifetime extension, decommissioning, and recycling. Offshore development and digitalization are also a focal point in this study. The main aim of this article is to review the drivetrain technology development as well as to identify future challenges and research gaps. Drivetrain in this context includes the whole power conversion system: main bearing, shafts, gearbox, generator, and power converter. The paper discusses current design technologies for each component along with advantages and disadvantages. The discussion of the operation phase highlights the condition monitoring methods currently employed by the industry as well as emerging areas. This article also illustrates the multidisciplinary aspect of wind turbine drivetrains, which emphasizes the need for more interdisciplinary research and collaboration.
Case presentation: Dental treatment with PAP for ALS patient
Authors:   The Rehabilitation Clinic for Speech and Swallowing Disorders, the Nippon Dental University Tokyo Hospital, Kikutani Takeshi , Tamura Fumiyo , Nishiwaki Keiko
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Palatal Augmentation Prosthesis (PAP) for an Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) patient. The patient’s palatogram was taken during swallowing to assess her lingual function. A PAP was provided to assist her with feeding and swallowing functions. The patient’s lingual pressure strength showed increases, and she was able to feed well using PAP. This devise was useful for assisting lingual dysfunctions due to various diseases.
The importance of choosing the right feeding aids to maintain breast-feeding after interruption
Authors: Ferrante Antonio , Silvestri Raffaele , Montinaro Carlo
Published: June 2021

Publications throughout the world attribute to the artificial teat and the pacifier (dummy) the reason why some mothers, who suspend breast-feeding for a while, are unable to resume it afterwards. The authors wanted to evaluate the specific characteristics of the various commercially made teats and pacifiers. This evaluation examined the physical characteristics of such commercially available teats. It has been possible to affirm that the specific features of the various teats tested are important in the resumption of breast-feeding after such an interruption. It’s easier to resume breast-feeding after interruption if artificial teats are prescribed with an understanding of the muscular movements during swallowing.
Tongue control for speech and swallowing in healthy younger and older subjects
Authors:   St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto Ontario, Bennett Janice , van Lieshout Pascal , Steele Catriona
Published: June 2021

Current literature on oral motor control reports contradictory findings regarding physiological, functional and sensory changes that occur in the muscles of the tongue with normal aging. It has been suggested that the high level of activity required of tongue muscles in mastication and speech may play a role in preserving them when other skeletal muscles are more likely to show functional effects of such changes. To test whether indeed tongue movements remain unaltered in both speech and swallowing tasks as a function of aging, kinematic measures of tongue dorsum movements were taken as 21 healthy young (20-30) and older (65-74) adults performed repeated iterations of speech tasks and a sequential water swallowing task. Tongue motion was recorded using electromagnetic articulography and from these data information was extracted with respect to movement range, duration, and variability. The findings suggest that in general tongue movements for swallowing were slower and more variable than for speech, and most importantly, more variable among older than younger participants. As well, the findings show that aging does influence the nature of tongue motions, in particular by inducing a more extreme distinction in the variability of movements for speech (less variable) and swallowing (more variable) tasks.
Promoting health literacy with orofacial myofunctional patients
Authors:   Alabama A & M University, Reed Hope
Published: June 2021

The definition of health literacy is provided along with information substantiating its importance. Focused initiatives, the consequences of poor health literacy, and at-risk populations are briefly discussed. The focus of this article is the application of health literacy principles to the discipline of orofacial myology and how the promotion of health literacy facilitates positive growth for patients, orfacial myologists, and the professions. The article concludes with a vision for a health literate society.