bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Rights of Migrants: From Desert Migration to Resettlement
Authors: Uche Nnawulezi , Bosede Remilekun Adeuti
Published: August 2021

The issue of desert migration has remained an intractable problem in the context of human rights. Desert migration raises unabated and a major concern because of the problems that come with it. Illegal migration has highlighted the need for and the challenge of having a proper human rights impact assessment of desert migration which will help in providing a suitable legal framework. This article primarily seeks certain protections accorded to migrants on desert migration and identifies problems associated with desert migration and the states of stranded migrants under human rights law. It is written by using a doctrinal legal research methodology that adopts analytical and qualitative approaches and builds its argument on existing literature which is achieved by synthesis of ideas. This article noted that there is a significant protection gap in the international and regional human rights architecture which oftentimes result in inadequate protection of migrants from human rights violation. It is argued that in order to guarantee a robust protection of migrant's rights outside their place of origin, a more integral response to critical human rights and development challenges is capable of addressing the protection gap. Furthermore, the article demonstrated that adopting a new approach with comprehensive instruments on migrant's rights protection and resettlement will be able to eradicate unabated violations of migrant's rights around the globe.
Методика исследования особенностей медиапредпочтений и медиаповедения в социальных сетях потребителей разных категорий товаров
Authors: Кметь Е. Б. , Новикова А. Е.
Published: August 2021

Поведение пользователей в социальных сетях непрерывно меняется, в связи с чем бизнесу необходимо отслеживать изменения поведения потребителей своих товаров для разработки эффективного продвижения. Методика исследования особенностей медиаповедения и медиапредпочтений в социальных сетях потребителей различных категорий товаров включает такие элементы, как характеристика методов и технологий сбора и анализа данных; процесс реализации методики с описанием каждого этапа; формулировка гипотез о наличии взаимосвязи между медиаповедением и медиапредпочтениями потребителей в социальных сетях и их инте-ресом к разным категориям товаров; технология проверки гипотез и обработки ре-зультатов опроса в статпакете SPSS; алгоритм разработки комплекса предложений по продвижению определенных категорий товаров в социальных сетях. Методика представляет интерес и применима для любого бизнеса, специализирующегося на определенной категории товара, протестирована на основе эмпирического исследования в форме опроса, результаты которого позволили разработать комплекс предложений по продвижению в социальных сетях для лидеров рейтинга популярности товаров, приобретаемых в Интернете. Комплекс предложений сформирован посредством выделения в медиаповедении и медиапредпочтениях потребителей в социальных сетях ядра (совокупности параметров, единых для потребителей всех товаров) и специфических особенностей, доминирующих в характеристике поведения потребителей только определенной категории товара.
Конфигурация человеческого капитала в развитии социального предпринимательства
Authors: Жохова В.  В.
Published: August 2021

В данной статье проводится анализ исследования роли человеческого капитала в развитии предприятий социального предпринимательства. Для сбора материала использованы различные базы российских и зарубежных научных журналов в области менеджмента и предпринимательства. В работе оценены результаты теоретической дискуссии при исследовании понятий социального предпринимательства и человеческого капитала, рассмотрена взаимосвязь человеческого капитала и создания предприятий. Представлены результаты лонгитюдного исследования, проведенного кейс-методом на предприятиях социального предпринимательства При-морского края в период 2016–2020 гг. Определены особенности формирования предприятий социального предпринимательства и воздействие экономического кризиса на деятельность предприятий в регионе, исследован человеческий капитал и обозначена его роль в развитии социального предпринимательства.
Профилактика выгорания как условие повышения качества работы сотрудников: факторы формирования, симптомы и методы профилактики
Authors: Семенков В.  Е. , Черноиванова А.  С.
Published: August 2021

В статье рассматривается история изучения выгорания: от феномена к синдрому. Авторы выделяют четыре основных междисциплинарных подхода, используемых сегодня при изучении синдрома выгорания: индивидуальный, интерперсональный, организационный и социальный. Фактором, во многом ограничивающим развитие проблематики выгорания, служит междисциплинарная разобщенность, и разные подходы к проблеме выгорания не являются взаимоисключающими. Критерий выбора того или иного подхода обусловлен наличием ресурсов, кадров и масштабом поставленной задачи. Ввиду этого авторы считают возможным выделить три перспективных области развития профилактики синдрома выгорания: культура благополучия (социальный подход), улучшение рабочего процесса (организационный подход) и личная стойкость (индивидуальный подход).
Оценка качества услуг международной гостиничной сети AZIMUT (на примере бизнес-отелей)
Authors: Суржиков В.  И. , Кравченко В.  Д.
Published: August 2021

В статье представлены авторская методика и результаты оценки качества услуг международной гостиничной сети AZIMUT. Для исследования были выбраны три отеля: AZIMUT Отель Смоленская, AZIMUT Отель Тульская и AZIMUT Отель Владивосток. Оценка проводилась по сорока критериям, объединённым в восемь блоков: транспортная доступность / местоположение; номерной фонд; услуги питания; спектр дополнительных услуг; конференц-залы; парковка; бизнес-центр; экскурсионные услуги. Полученные значения показателей по всем восьми блокам ранжировались. Для оценки была применена пятибалльная шкала, а также поправочные коэффициенты, в зависимости от важности блока. По результатам оценки наибольшее количество баллов набрал AZIMUT Отель Смоленская, на втором месте AZIMUT Отель Тульская и на третьем месте AZIMUT Отель Владивосток. Анализ отзывов бизнес-туристов, полученных из системы интернет-бронирования отелей «Booking», подтвердил результаты авторской оценки. Таким образом, авторами было выявлено, что бизнес-отели даже внутри одной гостиничной сети предоставляют услуги разного качества. Клиенты, получив услугу высокого качества в одном отеле, могут разочароваться в своих ожиданиях, посетив другой отель этой же сети. Предложенная авторами методика оценки качества услуг гостиничной сети может быть использована руководством для контроля и принятия управленческих решений.
Gênero e educação: dissidências, resistências e transgressões
Authors: Nascimento e Silva Daniela Grieco , Duarte Gustavo de Oliveira
Published: August 2021

Este artigo aborda problemáticas referentes às discussões de gênero no contexto escolar no que tange às conformações culturais que definem e legitimam papéis sociais e reforçam binarismos. A partir de uma pesquisa teórica, são tecidas algumas ponderações sobre a produção e potência da conceitualização do termo gênero e sua relação com as produções das identidades masculinas e femininas, especialmente relacionando a atuação do discurso escolar em relação a estas temáticas. Perceber e pensar sobre as relações de poder que interagem na escola é uma forma de opor-se, de gerar resistência e tecer um outro olhar, uma outra escuta, capaz de compreender e acolher as diversidades, vendo-as como uma forma de manifestação da identidade/subjetividade do sujeito.

Palavras-chave: Gênero; Contexto Escolar, Problematizações.
Manufacture of Spongy Gravel from Obsidian to Produce Lightweight and Thermal-Insulating Concrete
Authors: AL- Nuaimi Mohammed A. , Al-kubaisi Basim F. , Al-heety Salam O.
Published: August 2021

The present study aims to convert obsidian rocks into spongy gravel for the use in the production of lightweight and heat insulating concrete. The rocks were burned at 960°C to achieve maximum swelling of the samples, then broken into gravel and sand sizes. For comparison purposes, two other types of aggregates were used, namely pumice and basalt. The main physical tests, such as specific gravity, bulk density, porosity, and water absorption were performed. For testing the resistance of samples to alkalinity, KOH and Na OH solutions were used. The results showed that the obsidian sample gave the best specifications, where its specific gravity was 0.33, while the values were 1.1 for pumice and 2.7 for basalt, with the same results being applied to the other physical tests. After forming the concrete cubes of the three types of aggregates with three mixing proportions (1, 1.5, and 3 of cement, sand, gravel, respectively), the most important physical, mechanical, and chemical tests were performed along with their specific ages. The results were distinct, specifically the specific gravity values of the aggregate concrete samples A and B (1.3 and 1.5, respectively, as compared to the basalt sample, which recorded a value of 2.5. As for the thermal conductivity, a distinct value was recorded for the obsidian sample (0.16 W/m.k) as compared to the pumice and basalt samples (2.1 and 1.32 W/m.k, respectively). Perhaps the reason behind this variation is the pores type of the aggregate produced for the obsidian sample, which were of the closed system. This prevents the seeping of water and cement materials into the body of gravel, keeping it at light weight and providing it with high thermal insulation. As for the alkalinity test, there was no evidence of a reaction with the alkali cement in the obsidian and pumice samples, except for a slight reaction that appeared in the basalt sample.
Hydrogeochemical Assessment of Groundwater Quality and its Suitability for Irrigation and Domestic Purposes in Rural Areas, North of Baiji City-Iraq
Authors: Abed Mahmood F. , Zarraq Ghazi , Ahmed Salwa H.
Published: August 2021

Background: The present study was conducted to highlight the importance of environmental pollution and its negative impacts on aquatic, plants and animals lives, especially in industrial areas.

Objective: This research involved studying the hydrogeochemistry of the groundwater and assessing its quality for irrigation and domestic purposes using quality parameters.  In this study, 33 groundwater samples were collected from wells during May 2013 and were analyzed for major ions and TDS.

Results: The hydrogeochemical facies of groundwater were identified using the Gibbs model and Chloro – alkaline  indices. The results of the Gibbs graph suggest that groundwater chemistry is controlled by evaporation factors. It was found that the values of chloro – alkaline  indices were positive, indicating ionic exchange between Na+ in groundwater with Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the aquifer material.

Conclusion: The current study of corrosivity ratio showed that groundwater wells are unsuitable for domestic uses.
Benthic Community and Assessment of Water Quality Using Biological Index in RAMSAR, Ninh Binh
Authors: Nhuong Do Van , Hai Tran Nam , Nga Nguyen Thi , Hau Tran Duc
Published: August 2021

Van Long, the largest wetland RAMSAR in delta areas of northern Vietnam, is a famous destination for tourists, which might influence on water quality and biodiversity. Two surveys in September 2019 and May 2020 aimed to determine species composition of macrozoobenthos and build biological indicators to assess the water quality for biodiversity conservation. Present findings report a list of 41 species in 27 genera, 14 families of macrozoobenthos (Gastropoda, Bivalvia, Crustacea - Decapoda) in Van Long. Of which, Gastropoda is the most abundant, accounting for 58.5% of the total number of species, followed by Crustacean (26.8%) and Bivalvia (14.6%). Both Shannon-Weiner biodiversity (H') and Margalef indices “d” in rainy season are higher than those in dry season (H '= 2.565 vs. 2.466 and d = 4.987 vs. 3.286, respectively). For water quality assessment, based on TCVN 7220-2: 2002, the water in Van Long RAMSAR is in low level of pollution. According to ASPT index on average (3.42), this parameter was under medium to heavily polluted. The results recommend utilizing family taxon of macrozoobenthos with the recorded scales to assess quality of aquatic environments of freshwater bodies in northern Vietnam.
Aplikasi Gold Nanopartikel dengan Bahan Alam sebagai Kosmetik Pemutih Wajah: Tinjauan Sistematis
Authors: Tiara Putri Lisnawati , Syukri Yandi , Werdyani Sista
Published: August 2021

Penggunaan bahan alam sebagai pemutih memiliki keuntungan lebih aman meskipun penyerapan dalam kulit relatif rendah. Oleh karenanya, pengembangan nanopartikel emas (AuNPs) bahan alam dapat menjadi solusi permasalahan tersebut. Review ini bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan data terkait pengembangan bahan alam dengan nanopartikel emas yang berkhasiat sebagai agen pemutih. Identifikasi dilakukan dengan mencari literature melalui media pubmed, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar dengan menggunakan kata kunci ‘gold nanoparticle’, ’natural ingredients’, ’ cosmetics’, ‘tyrosinase inhibition’,’ melanin’ dan ’whitening’. Pencarian didasarkan pada kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi yang telah di tetapkan. Hasil evaluasi literatur menunjukkan pengembangan bahan alam sebagai pemutih kulit telah banyak dikembangkan, namun dikarenakan  sifat senyawa aktif sulit terserap menyebabkan hasil yang kurang maksimal dalam menghambat aktivitas tirosinase. Sehingga dilakukan modifikasi dalam bentuk nanopartikel emas untuk mempermudah proses penyerapan. Hasil pengujian aktivitas tirosinase bahan alam dalam bentuk nanopartikel emas lebih baik jika dibandingkan dengan bahan alam dalam bentuk ekstrak. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan nilai IC50 yang semakin kecil jika dibandingkan dengan dengan bahan alam dalam bentuk ekstrak
Simulasi Dinamika Molekuler Senyawa Asam Ferulat dan Turunannya dari Kulit Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus) sebagai Inhibitor Enzim Tirosinase
Authors: Fakih Taufik Muhammad , Wisnuwardhani Hilda Aprilia , Dewi Mentari Luthfika , Ramadhan Dwi Syah Fitra , Hidayat Aulia Fikri , Prayitno Robby
Published: August 2021

Enzim tirosinase merupakan enzim utama pada proses pembentukan pigmen melanin. Penghambatan aktivitas enzim tirosinase secara kompetitif maupun non-kompetitif menjadi kunci utama pengembangan agen pencerah kulit. Asam ferulat merupakan salah satu senyawa antioksidan yang kuat dan mampu melindungi kulit dari dampak buruk sinar UV yang menginduksi stress oksidatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi interaksi molekuler antara senyawa asam ferulat dari kulit buah nanas (Ananas comosus) dan turunannya dengan enzim tirosinase menggunakan motode dinamika molekuler. Molekul senyawa uji dimodelkan menggunakan perangkat lunak Quantum ESPRESSO v.6.6. Model terbaik dipilih untuk dilakukan studi interaksi menggunakan perangkat lunak MGLTools 1.5.6 yang dilengkapi dengan AutoDock 4.2. Konformasi terbaik hasil penambatan molekuler kemudian dikonfirmasi stabilitasnya dengan simulasi dinamika molekuler menggunakan perangkat lunak Gromacs 2016.3. Berdasarkan hasil dari penambatan molekuler, senyawa asam iso-ferulat memiliki afinitas yang paling baik, yaitu dengan nilai energi bebas ikatan −25,06 kJ/mol dan memilki ikatan dengan logam seng (Zn) pada sisi aktif enzim tirosinase. Kemudian senyawa tersebut memiki stabilitas interaksi yang baik berdasarkan grafik RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, RDF, dan H-Bond. Dengan demikian, senyawa asam iso-ferulat diprediksi dapat digunakan sebagai kandidat inhibitor kompetitif dan non-kompetitif enzim tirosinase
Kajian Literatur: Efektivitas Antibiotik Golongan Beta-Laktam pada Pasien Lansia dengan Pneumonia Komunitas
Authors: Wijaya Afelia Mettania , Herawati Fauna , Yulia Rika
Published: August 2021

Antibiotik golongan beta-laktam memiliki efektivitas yang baik pada pasien dewasa. Lansia dan dewasa memiliki perbedaan baik fisik maupun psikis yang mengakibatkan efektivitas dan rekomendasi jenis antibiotik juga mengalami perbedaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi terkait efektivitas serta rekomendasi antibiotik golongan beta-laktam pada pasien lansia dengan Pneumonia Komunitas. Penelitian ini merupakan kajian literatur yang menggunakan artikel dengan beberapa desain studi. Kualitas jurnal dinilai dengan Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist dan reputasi jurnal. Didapatkan 9 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan berkualitas baik. Berdasarkan hasil sintesis, antibiotik golongan beta-laktam yang sering digunakan untuk mengatasi pneumonia komunitas pada lansia adalah Ceftriaxone, ertapenem, ampicillin/sulbactam, biapenem, dan Imipenem/cilastatin. Efektivitas antibiotik beta-laktam pada lansia dengan pneumonia komunitas ditentukan oleh 3 kriteria, yaitu clinical efficacy, microbiological efficacy, dan treatment duration. Secara keseluruhan, antibiotik golongan beta-laktam yang dapat menjadi rekomendasi dan memiliki efektivitas terbaik dalam mengatasi pneumonia komunitas pada lansia adalah Cefepime. Kemudian ertapenem dan biapenem pada rekomendasi kedua, serta Meropenem pada rekomendasi ketiga. Penelitian ini masih memiliki kelemahan karena informasi yang terbatas mengenai topik, beberapa artikel dengan resiko bias sedang, dan beberapa artikel hasil pencarian yang menggunakan artikel diluar bahasa inggris.
La marca de África. La negritud en la novela colombiana
Authors: Henao-Restrepo Darío
Published: August 2021

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la representación de las negritudes en la novelística colombiana, entendida ésta como todo el complejo de valores, saberes y prácticas que aquí trajeron los africanos y las formas como se entremezclaron con la cultura de los indígenas y los españoles. La visión de conjunto que hace el autor abarca desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. La variedad de los novelistas mencionados que se han ocupado del asunto y el tratamiento, devela la diversidad de perspectivas para narrar una realidad, a través de las distintas épocas y dependiendo de los puntos de vista que se han adoptado para representarlos.
Los ancestros y su representatividad en Changó, el gran putas
Authors: Santafé-Varcárcel Elizabeth
Published: August 2021

El culto a los Ancestros es esencial en la actitud del negro ante la vida, por eso el autor los convierte en el eje filosófico y cultural con el cual crea la saga libertadora de la novela Changó, el Gran Putas. Manuel Zapata Olivella trasciende el universo mítico y filosófico Yoruba-Bantú, con los Dioses, Orichas y Ancestros, de los que se origina la memoria genésica del hombre africano, para reconstruir la diáspora de millones de prisioneros traídos a América, de pronto como diría Mircea Eliade, en un deseo de encontrar un sentido transhistórico a los acontecimientos históricos de un grupo humano señalado por la fatalidad; o de denunciar lo que la humanidad xenófoba y excluyente ha ocultado del colonialismo opresor durante siglos.
Caicedo cinéfilo y crítico de cine
Authors: Barrero Lina María
Published: August 2021

La plataforma textual que compromete la vida del escritor le devuelve un papel central a la afición como forma de apropiarse de un espacio cultural. La prolífica obra de Caicedo nos entrega a sus lectores la literatura como una posibilidad creativa que no pasa por el rigor del intelectualismo sino que se constituye como forma de existencia, como filtro de visión y modo de habitar la realidad. En ese sentido hablamos de un autor más cercano a la experiencia de la cotidianidad y el consumo cultual que al arte ennoblecido por la academia o cualquier otra institucionalidad.
Alfabetización audiovisual y creación literaria
Authors: Valencia Ortiz Ida
Published: August 2021

La necesidad de vincular los hipermedia audiovisuales en los procesos educativo y artístico convocados por la literatura desde la universidad, responde a que la población académica es a la vez público-espectador que requiere de espacios creativos en los que pueda expresarse con lenguajes similares a los que diariamente consume: verbal, imagen, sonido, movimiento. Lograr que estudiantes y docentes realicen productos audiovisuales en sus actividades pedagógicas significa una complementariedad estimulante, compleja, agresiva y provocadora que desautomatiza la labor enseñanza-aprendizaje e integra: diversos ámbitos de la comunidad participante (más allá de la escuela), diversas asignaturas del pensum y conocimientos ancestrales con inmediatos sin eliminarse entre sí. Estas dinámicas potencian la participación activa, la imaginación, el debate, las propuestas particulares, en favor de una perspectiva artística e investigativa que integre literatura, audiovisuales y educación.
Jorge Amado y su Tienda de los milagros: una mirada desde la poética de la diferencia
Authors: Bautista-Cabrera Álvaro
Published: August 2021

Jorge Amado y su Tienda de los milagros: una mirada desde la poética de la diferencia
Ángeles Mastretta: mujeres, revolución y melodrama
Authors: López Cáceres Alejandro
Published: August 2021

En este artículo se analiza la obra ficcional de la escritora Ángeles Mastretta. Y nos detenemos en tres de sus aspectos más destacados y polémicos: su relación con el feminismo, su manera de revisitar la historia mexicana del siglo XX y su inclinación hacia el melodrama. Iniciamos recogiendo las principales descalificaciones que la crítica literaria ha realizado contra esta autora y contra su narrativa. Sin embargo, leemos tales reprobaciones en el contexto general de los debates surgidos a propósito del “post-boom” latinoamericano. Esto significa considerarlas a la luz de las transformaciones que se presentaron ―durante las postrimerías de nuestro siglo XX― respecto de los paradigmas literarios aportados y legitimados desde el llamado Boom. En relación con el primer aspecto, hacemos notar cómo ―al carecer de una concepción orgánica o programática― el punto de vista de esta narradora es más bien femenino que feminista. A propósito de su mirada sobre el México revolucionario y post-revolucionario, destacamos su visión crítica e iconoclasta, así como su valioso énfasis en el ámbito de la vida privada de aquellos que ejercen el poder. Finalmente, nos detenemos a revisar el mayor reparo a partir del cual los críticos de Mastretta se niegan a reconocerle algún valor literario a su trabajo; esto es: su filiación con un insumo representacional tan denostado como el melodrama. En nuestro examen, no obstante, operamos de un modo menos prejuiciado. De allí que escudriñemos el proceder heterodoxo de Mastretta frente a este género; es decir, la manera en que lo parodia, lo ensancha, lo enriquece.
Mito y literatura de Eduardo Subirats
Authors: Grossegesse Orlando
Published: August 2021

Subirats, E. (2014). Mito y literatura. México: Siglo XXI editores. Pp.445. Printed.
Tras la pista de las cruces rosadas en la parte de los crímenes de la novela 2666 de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Peñuela Rodríguez Susan
Published: August 2021

El feminicidio de 119 mujeres y la secuencia de actos que se narran de los mismos son la trama principal de “La parte de los crímenes”, capítulo del libro 2666 (2004) del escritor Roberto Bolaño. Entre desgarradores, aterradores y violentos sucesos descritos por medio de un narrador en tercera persona, “La parte de los crímenes” (2004) redescubre la trágica historia de los múltiples asesinatos de las maquiladoras de la Ciudad de Juárez, en su mayoría mujeres entre los 15 y 25 años de edad, las cuales fueron además violadas y torturadas. Tras el uso de la narración desgarradora y los detalles violentos del capítulo de los crímenes, se esconde el motivo de la literatura como acto de memoria a las mujeres que sufrieron en su cuerpo el horror del desplazamiento, la pobreza, la inequidad, la falta de oportunidades y la falta de reconocimiento social.
Bolaño, el artesano
Authors: Bueno Rojas Gustavo
Published: August 2021

La vida de Roberto Bolaño estuvo marcada, además de la gran pasión que tenía por la literatura, por la diversidad de oficios que desarrolló como inmigrante en Europa para subsistir. Ser un obrero, alguien que realiza un oficio puntual durante mucho tiempo, puede ayudarnos a entender por qué Bolaño pudo realizar una producción literaria tan abundante. En este artículo exploramos, a través de lo que plantea Richard Sennett sobre cómo un artesano logra perfeccionar su oficio, la manera en la que Bolaño concibió la escritura y perfeccionó su quehacer escritural.
Retratos de experiencias: formas de narrar la vida en Las fotos y «¡Que tengan buen viaje!» de Inés Ulanovsky
Authors: Argañaraz María Eugenia
Published: August 2021

Analizo el último libro de Inés Ulanovsky, Las fotos, publicado en el 2020, en vínculo con su crónica «¡Que tengan buen viaje!», publicada en la revista argentina Anfibia en el 2018. La principal hipótesis parte de repensar los modos de producción artístico-cultural que esta hija de exiliados de una segunda generación ha desarrollado luego del retorno a la Argentina, cuando inició la democracia en 1983. Denomino «retratos de experiencia» a la mirada desde la conjunción entre la palabra y la imagen, en medio de trabajos con la memoria (Jelin 2012), que han permitido complejizar una forma escritural que da lugar a nuevas técnicas de desarchivo (Didi-Huberman 2017). Hago énfasis en una escritura que retoma las experiencias vividas en el pasado exiliar. Se demuestra un trabajo de documentación, con pruebas históricas, familiares y colectivas, del avance del terrorismo de Estado (en algunos relatos) hacia lo íntimo.
El problema de hablarte: tensiones y paradojas en Amado Señorde Pablo Katchadjian
Authors: Fernando Baroli Lucas Comando
Published: August 2021

A través de una de las voces de un presunto diálogo epistolar con el Amado Señor, Pablo Katchadjian construye un entramado de tensiones que esboza la búsqueda de un personaje por conocer y alcanzar a su interlocutor. Son estas tensiones, tanto temáticas como del orden de lo formal, las que aportan una perspectiva profunda al texto y lo proyectan hasta la paradoja. El presente artículo se propone profundizar en esas tensiones en busca de los elementos que les dan sustento y que permiten rastrear las huellas íntimas de la identidad del personaje que escribe y se interpreta en su escritura.
Visual acuity through Night Vision Goggles (NVGs): A comparative assessment between Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVGs under different illumination conditions
Authors: Sharma D , Tripathy NK , Raghunandan V , Sekhar BM
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

During night flying operations, Night Vision Goggles (NVGs) help the aircrew to visualize by intensifying lights reflected from an object. Night sky illumination and image intensification mechanism are the two important factors that affect visual acuity (VA) through NVG. Hence, assessment of visual acuity through Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVG under different illumination conditions and comparative analysis between the two NVGs was the desired objective of the study.

Material and Methods:

In a prospective repetitive measure design, a total of 60 volunteered subjects were examined for their VA through Gen 2++ and Gen 3 NVGs using USAF Tri-Bar Chart in the eye lane room of the NVG Lab. The VA was measured under four different illumination conditions; full moon (FM), half moon (HF)quarter moon (QM), and starlight (SL) conditions. The measured VA was converted to logMAR values and analyzed.

Results:

VA deteriorated significantly with decreasing illuminations through both Gen 2++ (χ2 = 149.9, P < 0.001) and Gen 3 NVGs (χ2 = 156.5, P < 0.001). For Gen 2++ NVG, the difference in VA was statistically significant in all conditions other than between FM and HM. Whereas, it was almost significant for all illumination conditions for Gen 3 NVG. The VA through Gen 2++ was better than Gen 3 in all conditions and the difference in VA widened with decreasing illuminations.

Conclusion:

VA declined with decreasing illuminations for Gen 2++ as well as Gen 3 NVG, even though, the difference was not significant between FM and HM for Gen 2++ NVG. VA was observed to be consistently better through Gen 2++ NVG compared to Gen 3 across all four illumination conditions. However, keeping in view the dynamic changes in night sky illuminations during flying operations, the findings of the study need to be validated in operational conditions.
Effects of simulated prolonged restrained sitting on physical and physiological states
Authors: Nepal T , Sharma V
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Advancement in aerospace technology, and resultant change in operational capabilities has posed unique challenges on the aircrew, who is required to operate for prolonged periods seated and restrained. Examination of the effects of prolonged restrained sitting on physical and physiological states was the desired objective of the study.

Material and Methods:

Longitudinal evaluation of subjective appreciation of physical discomfort and pain, and physiological parameters, namely, heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), oxygen saturation (SpO2), skin temperature, and calf girth changes across 6-h of simulated prolonged restrained sitting was undertaken among 15 healthy male non aircrew volunteers with mean age of 31.2 ± 3.63 years. Subjective discomfort was assessed by Category Partitioning Scale (CPS) and pain by Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire (SF-MPQ).

Results:

Prolonged restraint sitting of 6-h resulted in a significant increase in calf girth. Significant changes were also observed in CPS and SF-MPQ scores indicating an increase perception of discomfort and pain. Changes in HR, MAP, SpO2, and lower limb skin temperature were also observed even though these changes were lower in magnitude.

Conclusion:

The pain and discomfort following 6-h of prolonged restraint sitting were found to be appreciable by the subjects. This, along with a significant change in the calf circumference and other physiological parameters were possibly due to effects of venous pooling as a result of sitting for prolonged periods. The effects so observed could have potential flight safety implications and affect mission effectiveness. However, these findings need to be examined in actual cockpit conditions where the seat is more ergonomically designed; yet the aircrew is subjected to a wide spectrum of additional aeromedical stressors.
Objective assessment of nap as a method to improve cognitive performance using a bio-mathematical model
Authors: Mohapatra SS , Ghosh D , Sarkar R , Anand K
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Strategic naps are considered as efficacious means of maintaining performance and reducing the individual’s sleep debt. It can reduce subjective feelings of fatigue and improve performance and alertness. However, literature is scant on assessment of naps and associated cognitive performance in the Indian military aviation scenario. This study is an attempt to assess the nap duration and its objective assessment on gain in performance, if any.

Material and Methods:

In this cross-sectional observational study, sleep data were collected from 23 aviation personnel in a military flying base using actigraphy device. The actigraphic data were then fed into a software called fatigue avoidance scheduling tool. The nap duration and its effect on cognitive parameters were analyzed.

Results:

About 65.2% of the participant were found to be Day-Time Habitual Nappers. Of the 50 Naps logged by these participants, 11 (22%) naps were less than 30 min, 14 (28%) were between 30 and 60 min, 15 (30%) were between 60 and 120 min, and only 10 (20%) were above 120 min. Post-nap gain in the effectiveness and other cognitive parameters was found to be different in different cognitive domains.

Conclusion:

Naps more than 30 min had the optimal efficiency. The nap-induced gain in the task effectiveness and cognitive performance was confirmed. While the performance enhancement was significant for the naps more than 30 min, naps more than 60 min did not have any added advantages.
Lumbosacral transitional vertebra in military aviation candidates: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Vaidya R , Bhatia M
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) is a common anomaly of the lumbosacral junction with a prevalence of 4–35.9% in various studies. Plain radiography of the spine in anteroposterior and lateral projections is done for the evaluation of the spine in candidates coming for medical evaluation for flying duties in the armed forces.

Material and Methods:

An observational study was conducted on the whole spine series of radiographs done at a medical selection establishment. The study population included candidates reporting to the establishment for medical examination to ascertain fitness for flying duties. In a small subset of this study population having LSTV, the Ferguson’s view was done to better delineate the lumbosacral junction.

Results:

The analysis revealed a total 148 cases of LSTV with a prevalence of 13.9%. Ferguson’s view, undertaken among 30 doubtful cases, confirmed the presence of LSTV in 27 cases. Type IIa was observed to be the most common pattern of LSTV followed by Type IIIb. As per the existing policy, 63.8% of candidates with LSTV were considered unfit for flying duties.

Conclusion:

Flying duties in the armed forces require the highest standard of physical fitness. LSTV is a very common finding during the evaluation of candidates and it is appropriate that the cases of LSTV be evaluated thoroughly. In doubtful cases of LSTV, the Ferguson’s view is a useful supplementary view as it clearly delineates the lumbosacral junction.
Aeromedical evacuation of a COVID-19 patient from a zonal hospital: A case report
Authors: Patnaik S , Dash LK , Rajaram G , Chattophadhayay C
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has affected the whole world including many healthcare workers. In this era of ongoing global pandemic, the patient surge for aeromedical evacuation is going to increase.

Case Details:

A 54-year, male healthcare worker with no known co-morbidities, presented with complains of fever, myalgia, and sore throat at a zonal hospital of Indian Air Force in the northeast part of India. He was diagnosed with COVID-19 related bilateral extensive pneumonia. Despite of standard treatment, his condition deteriorated. An aeromedical evacuation of the patient was carried out to a tertiary healthcare centre at Delhi which involved 4-h of flying time. The Airborne Rescue Pod for Isolated Transportation (ARPIT) isolation pod was used to minimize the risk of contamination.

Discussion:

This was the first time that a COVID-19 patient was air evacuated in an isolation pod in Indian Armed Forces to the best of our knowledge. Based on our experience, we recommend that air evacuation of such a patient may be resorted to only as a life saving measure. The use of an isolation pod remains an unsettled issue; whereas, it gives absolute containment to spread of infection, it poses unique challenges in terms of handling the patient in case of an in-flight emergency. Certain modifications in the isolation pod have been recommended.
Diurnal variation in aviation significant gravity-dependent and gravity-independent anthropometric parameters
Authors: Kumari Pooja , Raghunandan V , Biswal P
Published: August 2021

Introduction:

Anthropometric parameters need to be accurately measured because of their direct implications in selection of aircrew, aircrew-cockpit compatibility, and cockpit workspace design. Some of these parameters have significant diurnal variation, hence, measurement of these parameters in particular time of day becomes important. Quantification of these diurnal variations among some of the aviation significant parameters was the desired objective of the study.

Material and Methods:

In a prospective repeated measure design, anthropometric parameters of a total of 35 volunteers were measured in the standard defined protocol from 0800h to 1600h, at an interval of every 2h, using Institute of Aerospace Medicine (IAM) Anthropometry Platform. The data were analyzed to observe and quantify changes in diurnal variations in both gravity-dependent and gravity-independent parameters. A maximum value of 0.4 cm was taken as intraobserver variations based on the results of a pilot study.

Results:

There was a statistically significant decrement in the values of gravity-dependent anthropometric parameters from morning to evening; the difference being more after 1200h. Most of the gravity-independent parameters did not show any significant changes from 0800h to 1600h, except leg length, which showed a decrement overtime, the difference being statistically significant after 1200h.

Conclusion:

The study revealed a statistically significant variation of gravity-dependent anthropometric parameters from the baseline which could be because of the effect of erect posture on the intervertebral disc height and axial compressive loads on the spine. This became practically significant after 1200h. However, most of the gravity-independent parameters did not show any significant variations. Based on the results of this study, anthropometric measurements should be done in the morning hours preferably before 1200h.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in primary peritoneal cancer: Our experience in a young male
Authors: Sud Rahul , Patra Arun Kumar , Jaiswal Pradeep , Mohan Raj , Sindhu P. K.
Published: August 2021

Primary peritoneal carcinomatosis (PPC) is a rare tumor, described in the literature almost exclusively in women. Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis were considered incurable with low survival rates. This underwent a paradigm shift with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) after optimal cytoreductive surgery which changed the entire scenario. This case report describes the management of a 28-year-old male patient who was diagnosed to have PPC when he presented with massive ascites, who underwent cytoreductive surgery combined with HIPEC in our hospital. This procedure was complex for both the surgical team due to an extensive surgery, but also the anesthetist during the hyperthermic phase where the chemotherapy was administered. The post-operative recovery in such a case is also many times stormy and requires extreme vigilance. We had major challenges such as prolonged surgery, massive blood loss, temperature management, maintaining adequate urine output, and post-operative critical care. Extensive pre-operative preparation and proper coordination with the multidisciplinary team led us to handle the condition satisfactorily. The PPC in a young patient itself is a rare which enthuses us to report the case.
UKRAINE'S LABOR POTENTIAL: DEVELOPMENT TRENDS AND STATE POLICY PRIORITIES
Authors:   Kharkiv Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine, Nadtochii Alla , Pokotylo Tetiana ,   Kharkiv Regional Institute of Public Administration of the National Academy of Public Administration under the President of Ukraine
Published: August 2021

Trends in demographic processes, such as births and deaths, are analyzed. The structure of the causes of mortality in 2005 and 2019 and shifts in the structure of mortality have been determined. The main indicators of the health care system in 1995-2017 are analyzed. The directions and tasks of the started reform of the health care system are determined. Quantitative parameters of changes in the system of vocational and higher education in Ukraine for 2010-2019, which affect the level of development of labor potential, are analyzed. It is noted that there is an imbalance in the labor market. The number of applicants for one vacancy in the professional context is analyzed. Indicators of employment of the unemployed by both private employment agencies and the State Employment Service are given. The connection between the structure of employment and the processes of deindustrialization, which began in Ukraine in the 1980s, is determined. It is indicated that the processes of deindustrialization taking place in the developed countries of the world and in Ukraine have different colors. Deindustrialization in developed countries is viewed positively as a creative process that is supported by the concepts of development "Industry 4.0". In Ukraine, deindustrialization is defined as a negative phenomenon, which is due to the return to the pre-industrial stage of development and is accompanied by a decline in living standards. One of the reasons for the deindustrialization of Ukraine is the decrease in the knowledge intensity of the production of material goods and, as a consequence, the deformation and isolation of the education system from the real needs of the economy. The priority steps of the state policy directed on formation and development of labor potential of a society are defined. These steps should be aimed both at the development of human resources, especially the adult population, and at the support of domestic producers. It is noted that without state support for the development of young industries it is impossible to increase the productivity of the economy and raise living standards.
THE MAIN FACTORS INFLUENCING THE FUNCTIONING OF HOTEL-RESTAURANT COMPLEXES AND TOURISM IN UKRAINE
Authors:   Lviv University of Business and Law, Skrynkovskyy Ruslan , Kniaz Sviatoslav ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Khmyz Mariana ,   Lviv University of Business and Law, Tyrkalo Yuriy ,   Non-Governmental Organization «Pan-Ukrainian Anti-Corruption Center», Kaydrovych Khrystyna ,   Lviv University of Business and Law, Zelman Lesia ,   Lviv University of Business and Law
Published: August 2021

The article presents the main factors influencing the functioning of hotel-restaurant complexes and tourism in Ukraine. It has been established that hotel and restaurant and tourist complexes are included in the structure of the subjects of tourist activity. It was found that in the period 2013– 2019 the volume of services provided by temporary accommodation and catering companies, travel agencies, travel operators, companies providing other services, in particular, booking and related activities, has an unstable dynamic. It was determined that the dynamics of the total number of inbound (foreign), outbound and domestic tourists who were served by tour operators and travel agents by type of tourism was unstable, since the main reason that negatively affected this trend was the economic crisis of 2013–2015 in Ukraine, caused primarily by the instability of the situation in the political sphere. It was determined that in the species classification of tourism, that is, the distribution of tourists who were served by tour operators and travel agents, the highest is the number of outbound tourists traveling outside Ukraine. It was found that the number of domestic tourists is significantly lower than the number of outbound tourists, since on average for 2011–2020 was 23,6 %, and the lowest was in 2019 – 9,4 %, due to the COVID–2019 pandemic, under the influence of which another economic crisis arose not only in Ukraine, but also in the world as a whole. It was found that the proportion of inbound (foreign) tourists in the period 2011–2020 decreased sharply – from 10,6 % in 2010 to 0,5 % in 2020, the reason for which is the decrease in the attractiveness of the tourism industry of Ukraine for foreign tourists. It is noted that the prospects for further research in this direction are the development of a methodological approach to assessing the quality of tourism and hotel and restaurant services.
INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS AS SOURCES OF CIVIL LAW OF UKRAINE
Authors:   Nizhyn Mykola Gogol State University, Horodetska Iryna
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the features and functional purpose of such sources of civil law of Ukraine as international treaties. Based on the analysis of the theory of civil law, scientific approaches to understanding of the concept and system of sources of civil law, the relationship between the concepts of "international legal act" and "international treaty" are studied. The scientific work considers the characteristics and features of international treaties as sources of civil law of Ukraine, their role in the regulation of civil relations and their place in the system of national law. It is concluded that the current transformational changes that take place in Ukrainian society are inextricably linked with European integration processes and the need to bring the components of the legal system of Ukraine in line with the principles, norms and standards of European law. Objective strengthening of the role of international treaties in the settlement of not only international but also domestic civil relations necessitates a thorough conceptual study of the legal nature of international treaties, their place in the system of regulations of Ukraine and the relationship with civil law, which in its turn is an extremely important and, at the same time, difficult task. In this regard, it is quite logical to intensify the scientific discourse concerning the place of international treaties in the system of national law in different states. At the same time, while not denying the certainly important role played by international treaties in the settlement of civil legal (private) relations, we emphasize that the key to the effective functioning of the mechanism of legal regulation of public relations in this area is the need to achieve balance at interpenetration and interplay of principles and norms of domestic and international law as interdependent systems.
THE CONTENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS OF THE COUNCIL OF EUROPE ON THE PROCEDURE FOR SERVING A SENTENCE OF LIFE IMPRISONMENT
Authors:   Academy of the State Penitentiary Service of Ukraine, Melnусhenko Ihor
Published: August 2021

The article analyzes the content of Recommendation Rec(2003)23 of the Committee of Ministers to member states on the management by prison administrations of life sentence and other long-term prisoners, which contains a thorough analysis of areas of life imprisonment, namely: the purpose of execution of punishment in the form of life imprisonment is defined; the basic principles of life imprisonment are explained; recommendations were provided on individual planning of serving a sentence of life imprisonment; clarification was provided on the assessment of the risk and needs of those sentenced to life imprisonment; recommendations on the specifics of the work of staff working with convicts sentenced to life imprisonment. As a result of the generalized analysis of the content of the international standards of the Council of Europe the system of serving of punishment in the form of life imprisonment which consists of the following stages is modeled: I - the Stage of definition of the initial estimation of the person sentenced to life imprisonment; ІІ - Stage of drawing up and realization of the plan of serving of punishment in the form of life imprisonment; ІІІ - Stage of preparation and implementation of the individual plan of release of convicts to life imprisonment; IV - Stage of adaptation of convicts to life imprisonment in society. It is determined that the proposed model of serving a sentence, which reflects the content of international standards of treatment of convicts sentenced to life imprisonment in the future may be a guide for implementation in the penitentiary activities of Ukraine.