bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil-Transmitted Helminths in Children in a Remote Aboriginal Community in the Northern Territory: Hookworm is Rare but Strongyloides stercoralis and Trichuris trichiura Persist
Authors: Holt Deborah , Shield Jennifer , Harris Tegan , Mounsey Kate , Aland Kieran , McCarthy James , Currie Bart , Kearns Therese
Published: October 2017

(1) Background: soil-transmitted helminths are a problem worldwide, largely affecting disadvantaged populations. The little data available indicates high rates of infection in some remote Aboriginal communities in Australia. Studies of helminths were carried out in the same remote community in the Northern Territory in 1994–1996 and 2010–2011; (2) Methods: fecal samples were collected from children aged <10 years and examined for helminths by direct smear microscopy. In the 2010–2011 study, some fecal samples were also analyzed by agar plate culture and PCR for Strongyloides stercoralis DNA. Serological analysis of fingerprick dried blood spots using a S. stercoralis NIE antigen was also conducted; (3) Results and Conclusions: a reduction in fecal samples positive for S. stercoralis, hookworm and Trichuris trichiura was seen between the studies in 1994–1996 and 2010–2011, likely reflecting public health measures undertaken in the region to reduce intestinal helminths. Comparison of methods to detect S. stercoralis showed that PCR of fecal samples and serological testing of dried blood spots was at least as sensitive as direct smear microscopy and agar plate culture. These methods have advantages for use in remote field studies.
Autophagy Proteins in Viral Exocytosis and Anti-Viral Immune Responses
Authors: Münz Christian
Published: October 2017

Abstract: Autophagy-related (Atg) gene-encoded proteins were originally described for their crucial role in macroautophagy, a catabolic pathway for cytoplasmic constituent degradation in lysosomes. Recently it has become clear that modules of this machinery can also be used to influence endo- and exocytosis. This mini review discusses how these alternative Atg functions support virus replication and viral antigen presentation on major histocompatibility (MHC) class I and II molecules. A better understanding of the modular use of the macroautophagy machinery might enable us to manipulate these alternative functions of Atg proteins during anti-viral therapies and to attenuate virus-induced immune pathologies.
TLR4 Signaling Pathway Modulators as Potential Therapeutics in Inflammation and Sepsis
Authors: Kuzmich Nikolay , Sivak Konstantin , Chubarev Vladimir , Porozov Yuri , Savateeva-Lyubimova Tatiana , Peri Francesco
Published: October 2017

Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway plays an important role in initiating the innate immune response and its activation by bacterial endotoxin is responsible for chronic and acute inflammatory disorders that are becoming more and more frequent in developed countries. Modulation of the TLR4 pathway is a potential strategy to specifically target these pathologies. Among the diseases caused by TLR4 abnormal activation by bacterial endotoxin, sepsis is the most dangerous one because it is a life-threatening acute system inflammatory condition that still lacks specific pharmacological treatment. Here, we review molecules at a preclinical or clinical phase of development, that are active in inhibiting the TLR4-MyD88 and TLR4-TRIF pathways in animal models. These are low-molecular weight compounds of natural and synthetic origin that can be considered leads for drug development. The results of in vivo studies in the sepsis model and the mechanisms of action of drug leads are presented and critically discussed, evidencing the differences in treatment results from rodents to humans.
Brief training in mindfulness may normalize a blunted error-related negativity in chronically depressed patients
Authors: Fissler Maria , Winnebeck Emilia , Schroeter Titus A. , Gummbersbach Marie , Huntenburg Julia M. , Gärtner Matti , Barnhofer Thorsten
Published: October 2017

The error-related negativity (ERN), an evoked-potential that arises in response to the commission of errors, is an important early indicator of self-regulatory capacities. In this study we investigated whether brief mindfulness training can reverse ERN deficits in chronically depressed patients. The ERN was assessed in a sustained attention task. Chronically depressed patients (n = 59) showed significantly blunted expression of the ERN in frontocentral and frontal regions, relative to healthy controls (n = 18). Following two weeks of training, the patients (n = 24) in the mindfulness condition showed a significantly increased ERN magnitude in the frontal region, but there were no significant changes in patients who had received a resting control (n = 22). The findings suggest that brief training in mindfulness may help normalize aberrations in the ERN in chronically depressed patients, providing preliminary evidence for the responsiveness of this parameter to mental training.
HUMAN CAPITAL FACTORS AND REMUNERATION: ANALYSIS OF RELATIONS, MODELLING OF INFLUENCE
Authors: Bilan Yuriy , Mishchuk Halyna , Dzhyhar Tetiana
Published: October 2017

This paper argues that basing on existing theoretical studies of human capital factors fuzzy logic method shall be applied in in identifying their impact upon the interest on human capital use (wages). The suggested approach allows determining the factors impossible to describe through quantitative indicators, i.e. gender, education level, experience. Unlike traditional approaches, such as ranked assessments or investment cost indicators in the formation of certain human capital components, the use of the proposed methodology for analysing the link between human capital factors and remuneration allows applying real characteristics of the human capital of employees. Appropriate assessment can be the basis of modelling and correction of relations in determining wages and suitable decision-making regarding the development and changes in the structure of the human capital of the company.
Selection of the Climate Parameters for a Building Envelopes and Indoor Climate Systems Design
Authors: Samarin Oleg , Paulauskaitė Sabina , Valančius Kęstutis , Čiuprinskas Kęstutis
Published: October 2017

The current research considers the principles of selection of the climate information needed for the building envelope and indoor climate design and adopted in Russia and some European countries. Special reference has been made to the shortcoming of methodologies that include the notion of a typical year, and the advantages of climate data sets generated via software-based designs, using pseudo-random number generators. The results of the average temperature of the coldest five-day period with various supplies were calculated using the numerical Monte-Carlo simulations, as well as the current climate data. It has been shown that there is a fundamental overlap between the statistical distribution of temperatures of both instances and the possibility of implementation a probabilistic-statistical method principle in the development of certain climate data, relative to envelopes and thermal conditions of a building. The calculated values were combined with the analytic expression of the normal law of random distribution and the correlations needed for the main parameter selection.
Theoretical Modelling of Immobilization of Cadmium and Nickel in Soil Using Iron Nanoparticles
Authors: Danila Vaidotas , Vasarevičius Saulius
Published: October 2017

Immobilization using zero valent using iron nanoparticles is a soil remediation technology that reduces concentrations of dissolved contaminants in soil solution. Immobilization of heavy metals in soil can be achieved through heavy metals adsorption and surface complexation reactions. These processes result in adsorption of heavy metals from solution phase and thus reducing their mobility in soil. Theoretical modelling of heavy metals, namely, cadmium and nickel, adsorption using zero valent iron nanoparticles was conducted using Visual MINTEQ. Adsorption of cadmium and nickel from soil solutions were modelled separately and when these metals were dissolved together. Results have showed that iron nanoparticles can be successfully applied as an effective adsorbent for cadmium and nickel removal from soil solution by producing insoluble compounds. After conducting the modelling of dependences of Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions adsorption on soil solution pH using iron nanoparticles, it was found that increasing pH of solution results in the increase of these ions adsorption. Adsorption of cadmium reached approximately 100% when pH ≥ 8.0, and adsorption of nickel reached approximately 100% when pH ≥ 7.0. During the modelling, it was found that adsorption of heavy metals Cd and Ni mostly occur, when one heavy metal ion is chemically adsorbed on two sorption sites. During the adsorption modelling, when Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions were dissolved together in acidic phase, it was found that adsorption is slightly lower than modelling adsorption of these metals separately. It was influenced by the competition of Cd+2 and Ni+2 ions for sorption sites on the surface of iron nanoparticles.
Pine-derived Biochar as Option for Adsorption of Сu, Zn, Cr, Pb, Ni and Decreasing of BOD5 in Landfill Leachate
Authors: Chemerys Valeriia , Baltrėnaitė Edita
Published: October 2017

Landfill leachate is a highly toxic and hazardous form of wastewater due to its complex composition characteristics, e.g. ammonia, metals, organic compounds. Landfill leachate treatment technologies, such as flotation, coagulation/flocculation, precipitation, oxidation, micro-, ultra-, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, are too expensive, because they require frequent regeneration of the media or generate secondary brine wastes that may pose a disposal problem. In the present study removal of Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu from Kazokiškės landfill leachate was studied. Kazokiškės landfill is the main site for disposal of Vilnius region municipal wastes. Operator of the landfill is interested in the alternative ways for the primary treatment of the landfill leachate for reducing the load on the expensive reverse osmosis. One of the proposed options for the primary landfill leachate treatment was adsorption by biochar. Due to the high specific surface area, well-developed porous structure and surface functionality biochar has been used as low-cost adsorbent for adsorption of PTEs from aqueous solutions. Biochar was produced from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) trunk wood (after debarking) by pyrolysis at the highest heating temperature of 700 °C for 45 min in the low-oxygen environment. Laboratory analysis showed that PTEs, such as Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu, were present in the landfill leachate before water treatment plant. Thus, the aim of the study was to evaluate PTEs (Zn, Ni, Cr, Pb, Cu) removal efficiency by adsorption by pine-derived biochar. Factors, affecting adsorption efficiency, such as biochar particle size (1, 2.5, 4, 5 mm) and dosage of the biochar (1.01, 3.5, 6.05, 9.45, 13.25, 17.82 g/100 ml of leachate) were studied. Effects of the biochar on pH of the landfill leachate, BOD5, PTEs adsorption were analyzed. The findings showed that optimal parameters for decreasing of BOD5 and retention of Cr and Pb were particle size 1 mm and dosage 6.05 g/100 ml of leachate and 1 mm and more than 13.25 g/100 ml of leachate, respectively. No positive effect on Cu and Zn was observed.
Analysis of the Monitoring Results of Modernized Residential Multi-storey Buildings
Authors: Rogoža Artur , Šiupšinskas Giedrius , Valančius Kęstutis , Mikučionienė Rūta
Published: October 2017

The main objective of the monitoring analysed in the article is to evaluate and make recommendations of the actual energy and technical efficiency of the implemented measures of the modernization of multi-apartment buildings. More detailed assessment of energy efficiency measures implemented by modernized buildings, measurements of indoor microclimate and their evaluation is made. Based on the actual heat consumption collected before and after the modernization of buildings, the thermal balance of the building was constructed under the normative conditions. The basics of the methodology, conclusions and recommendations are also presented.
D/H Ratios on Saturn and Jupiter from Cassini CIRS
Authors: Pierel J. D. R. , Nixon C. A. , Lellouch E. , Fletcher L. N. , Bjoraker G. L. , Achterberg R. K. , Bézard B. , Hesman B. E. , Irwin P. G. J. , Flasar F. M.
Published: October 2017

We present new measurements of the deuterium abundance on Jupiter and Saturn, showing evidence that Saturn’s atmosphere contains less deuterium than Jupiter’s. We analyzed far-infrared spectra from the Cassini Composite Infrared Spectrometer to measure the abundance of HD on both giant planets. Our estimate of the Jovian D/H = (2.95 ± 0.55) × 10−5 is in agreement with previous measurements by ISO/SWS: (2.25 ± 0.35) × 10−5, and the Galileo probe: (2.6 ± 0.7) × 10−5. In contrast, our estimate of the Saturn value of (2.10 ± 0.13) × 10−5 is somewhat lower than on Jupiter (by a factor of

), contrary to model predictions of a higher ratio: Saturn/Jupiter = 1.05–1.20. The Saturn D/H value is consistent with estimates for hydrogen in the protosolar nebula (2.1 ± 0.5) × 10−5, but its apparent divergence from the Jovian value suggests that our understanding of planetary formation and evolution is incomplete, which is in agreement with previous work.
OGLE-2016-BLG-0168 Binary Microlensing Event: Prediction and Confirmation of the Microlens Parallax Effect from Space-based Observations
Authors: Shin I.-G. , Udalski A. , Yee J. C. , Novati S. Calchi , Han C. , Skowron J. , Mróz P. , Soszyński I. , Poleski R. , Szymański M. K. , Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Ulaczyk K. , Pawlak M. ,   (OGLE Collaboration), Albrow M. D. , Gould A. , Chung S.-J. , Hwang K.-H. , Jung Y. K. , Ryu Y.-H. , Zhu W. , Cha S.-M. , Kim D.-J. , Kim H.-W. , Kim S.-L. , Lee C.-U. , Lee Y. , Park B.-G. , Pogge R. W. ,   (KMTNet Group), Beichman C. , Bryden G. , Carey S. , Gaudi B. S. , Henderson C. B. , Shvartzvald Y. ,   (Spitzer Team)
Published: October 2017

The microlens parallax is a crucial observable for conclusively identifying the nature of lens systems in microlensing events containing or composed of faint (even dark) astronomical objects such as planets, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, and black holes. With the commencement of a new era of microlensing in collaboration with space-based observations, the microlens parallax can be routinely measured. In addition, space-based observations can provide opportunities to verify the microlens parallax measured from ground-only observations and to find a unique solution to the lensing light-curve analysis. Furthermore, since most space-based observations cannot cover the full light curves of lensing events, it is also necessary to verify the reliability of the information extracted from fragmentary space-based light curves. We conduct a test based on the microlensing event OGLE-2016-BLG-0168, created by a binary lens system consisting of almost equal mass M-dwarf stars, to demonstrate that it is possible to verify the microlens parallax and to resolve degeneracies using the space-based light curve even though the observations are fragmentary. Since space-based observatories will frequently produce fragmentary light curves due to their short observing windows, the methodology of this test will be useful for next-generation microlensing experiments that combine space-based and ground-based collaboration.
Control Design for Signal Transduction Networks
Authors: Lin Chun-Liang , Liu Yuan-Wei , Chuang Chia-Hua
Published: October 2017

Signal transduction networks of biological systems are highly complex. How to mathematically describe a signal transduction network by systematic approaches to further develop an appropriate and effective control strategy is attractive to control engineers. In this paper, the synergism and saturation system (S-systems) representations are used to describe signal transduction networks and a control design idea is presented. For constructing mathematical models, a cascaded analysis model is first proposed. Dynamic analysis and controller design are simulated and verified.
Sequence Analysis of the Full-length cDNA and Protein Structure Homology Modeling of FABP2 from Paralichthys Olivaceus
Authors: Chen Xiaowu , Shi Zhiyi
Published: October 2017

Using zebrafish intestinal fatty acid-binding protein 2 (FABP2) mRNA sequence as the initial query probe, four highly homologous Paralichthys olivaceus EST sequences were retrieved from Genbank database. The assembled full-length cDNA contains the open reading frame of P. olivaceus FABP2 gene, which was validated by subsequent RT-PCR cloning. In the coding region, the average GC content is 56%, but it would reach 76.8% if only counting for the third base of the codons. The deduced P. olivaceus FABP2 polypeptide contains 132 amino acids (aa), with a predicted molecular size of 15.3 kD and pI at 6.74. This protein multiple-alignment has shown that this peptide is 75.7% identical to the corresponding homologous protein in Danio rerio. Among the 7 aa that are essential for FABP2 function, 3 were found to be conserved among P. olivaceus, Danio rerio, Tetraodon nigroviridi, Rattus norvegicus, and Homo sapiens. The study provides essential information on molecular evolution and function of FABP family.
Peptide Vocabulary Analysis Reveals Ultra-Conservation and Homonymity in Protein Sequences
Authors: Gatherer Derek
Published: October 2017

A new algorithm is presented for vocabulary analysis (word detection) in texts of human origin. It performs at 60%–70% overall accuracy and greater than 80% accuracy for longer words, and approximately 85% sensitivity on Alice in Wonderland, a considerable improvement on previous methods. When applied to protein sequences, it detects short sequences analogous to words in human texts, i.e. intolerant to changes in spelling (mutation), and relatively context-independent in their meaning (function). Some of these are homonyms of up to 7 amino acids, which can assume different structures in different proteins. Others are ultra-conserved stretches of up to 18 amino acids within proteins of less than 40% overall identity, reflecting extreme constraint or convergent evolution. Different species are found to have qualitatively different major peptide vocabularies, e.g. some are dominated by large gene families, while others are rich in simple repeats or dominated by internally repetitive proteins. This suggests the possibility of a peptide vocabulary signature, analogous to genome signatures in DNA. Homonyms may be useful in detecting convergent evolution and positive selection in protein evolution. Ultra-conserved words may be useful in identifying structures intolerant to substitution over long periods of evolutionary time.
A Novel Information Retrieval Model for High-Throughput Molecular Medicine Modalities
Authors: Wehbe Firas H. , Brown Steven H. , Massion Pierre P. , Gadd Cynthia S. , Masys Daniel R. , Aliferis Constantin F.
Published: October 2017

Significant research has been devoted to predicting diagnosis, prognosis, and response to treatment using high-throughput assays. Rapid translation into clinical results hinges upon efficient access to up-to-date and high-quality molecular medicine modalities.

We first explain why this goal is inadequately supported by existing databases and portals and then introduce a novel semantic indexing and information retrieval model for clinical bioinformatics. The formalism provides the means for indexing a variety of relevant objects (e.g. papers, algorithms, signatures, datasets) and includes a model of the research processes that creates and validates these objects in order to support their systematic presentation once retrieved.

We test the applicability of the model by constructing proof-of-concept encodings and visual presentations of evidence and modalities in molecular profiling and prognosis of: (a) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and (b) breast cancer.
Adolescent Suicidal Behavior and Substance Use: Developmental Mechanisms
Authors: Dawes Michael A. , Mathias Charles W. , Richard Dawn M. , Hill-Kapturczak Nathalie , Dougherty Donald M.
Published: October 2017

Adolescent suicidal behaviors and substance use are disturbingly common. Research suggests overlap of some of the etiological mechanisms for both adolescent suicidal behavior and substance use, yet clear understanding of the complex relations between these behaviors and their causal underpinnings is lacking. A growing body of evidence and a diathesis model (Mann et al. 1999; Mann, 2003) highlight the importance of impulse control as a proximal risk factor for adolescent suicidal and substance use behaviors. This literature review extends current theory on the relationships between adolescent suicidal behavior and substance use by: (1) examining how, when, and to what extent adolescent development is affected by poor impulse control, stressful life events, substance use behavior, and biological factors; (2) presenting proposed causal mechanisms by which these risk factors interact to increase risk for suicidal behaviors and substance use; and (3) proposing specific new hypotheses to extend the diathesis model to adolescents at risk for suicide and substance use. More specifically, new hypotheses are presented that predict bidirectional relationships between stressful life events and genetic markers of 5-HT dysregulation; substance use behavior and impulsivity; and substance use behavior and suicide attempts. The importance of distinguishing between different developmental trajectories of suicidal and substance use behaviors, and the effects of specific risk and protective mechanisms are discussed. Use of new statistical approaches that provide for the comparison of latent growth curves and latent class models is recommended to identify differences in developmental trajectories of suicidal behavior and substance use. Knowledge gained from these prospective longitudinal methods should lead to greater understanding on the timing, duration, and extent to which specific risk and protective factors influence the outcomes of suicidal behavior and substance use. In turn, findings from these studies should inform researchers who conduct future treatment and prevention studies.
Carbon Nanotube Membranes for use in the Transdermal Treatment of Nicotine Addiction and Opioid Withdrawal Symptoms
Authors: Strasinger Caroline L. , Scheff Nicole N. , Wu Ji , Hinds Bruce J. , Stinchcomb Audra L.
Published: October 2017

Transdermal systems are attractive methods of drug administration specifically when treating patients for drug addiction. Current systems however are deficient in therapies that allow variable flux values of drug, such as nicotine for smoking cessation or complex dosing regimens using clonidine when treating opioid withdrawal symptoms. Through the use of functionalized carbon nanotube (CNT) membranes, drug delivery to the skin can be controlled by applying a small electrical bias to create a programmable drug delivery system. Clearly, a transdermal patch system that can be tailored to an individual's needs will increase patient compliance as well as provide much more efficient therapy. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the applicability of using carbon nanotube membranes in transdermal systems for treatment of drug abuse.
Study of Arachidonic Acid Pathway in Human Bladder Tumor
Authors: Matsuyama Masahide , Yoshimura Rikio
Published: October 2017

Recent epidemiological studies and animal experiments have demonstrated that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) reduce the incidence of colorectal carcinoma. Cyclooxygenase (COX) is the principal target of NSAIDs. COX is the first oxidase in the process of prostaglandin production from arachidonic acid. COX enzyme may be involved in the initiation and/or the promotion of tumorigenesis due to NSAIDs inhibition of COX. Lipoxygenase (LOX) is also an initial enzyme in the pathway for producing leukotrienes from arachidonic acid. Similar to COX, LOX enzyme may also be involved in the initiation and/or promotion of tumorigenesis. Peroxisome proliferator activator-receptor (PPAR)-γ is a ligand-activated transcriptional factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. PPAR-γ plays a role in both adipocyte differentiation and tumorigenesis. PPAR-γ is one target for cell growth modulation of NSAIDs.

In this review, we report the expression of COX-2, LOX and PPAR-γ in human bladder tumor tissues as well as the effects of COX-2 and LOX inhibitors and PPAR-γ ligand.
Prescription Opioid Usage and Abuse Relationships: An Evaluation of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Program Efficacy
Authors: Reisman Richard M. , Shenoy Pareen J. , Atherly Adam J. , Flowers Christopher R.
Published: October 2017

Context

The dramatic rise in the use of prescription opioids to treat non-cancer pain has been paralleled by increasing prescription opioid abuse. However, detailed analyses of these trends and programs to address them are lacking.

Objective

To study the association between state shipments of prescription opioids for medical use and prescription opioid abuse admissions and to assess the effects of state prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) on prescription opioid abuse admissions.

Design and Setting

A retrospective ecological cohort study comparing state prescription opioid shipments (source: Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders Systems database) and inpatient admissions for prescription opioid abuse (source: Treatment Episode Data Set) in 14 states with PDMPs (intervention group) and 36 states without PDMPs (control group) for the period 1997–2003.

Results

From 1997 to 2003, oxycodone, morphine, and hydrocodone shipments increased by 479%, 100%, and 148% respectively. Increasing prescription oxycodone shipments were significantly associated with increasing prescription opioid admission rates (p < 0.001). PDMP states had significantly lower oxycodone shipments than the control group. PDMP states had less increase in prescription opioid admissions per year (p = 0.063). A patient admitted to an inpatient drug abuse rehabilitation program in a PDMP state was less likely to be admitted for prescription opioid drug abuse (Odds ratio = 0.775, 95% Confidence Interval 0.764–0.785).

Conclusions

PDMPs appear to decrease the quantity of oxycodone shipments and the prescription opioid admission rate for states with these programs. Overall, opioid shipments rose significantly in PDMP states during the study period indicating a negligible “chilling effect” on physician prescribing.
Eating Disorder Symptoms and Alcohol Use among Adolescents in Substance Abuse Treatment
Authors: Arias Janelle E. , Hawke Josephine M. , Arias Albert J. , Kaminer Yifrah
Published: October 2017

Objective

To examine the relationship of eating disorder (ED) symptoms with the severity of alcohol use among adolescents in treatment for alcohol and other substance use disorders (AOSUDs).

Method

A sample consisted of 177 adolescents who participated in outpatient AOSUD treatment programs in Connecticut. Chi square tests, one-way ANOVAs and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to describe the prevalence and correlates of any eating disorders, and the related symptoms. Multivariate regression was used to test the associations between ED symptoms and alcohol consumption.

Results

26.4% of the participants had at least one ED symptom, with the highest number of symptoms occurring in females. The number of ED symptoms was associated with increases in the number of times that they became intoxicated in the year before entering treatment, the number of alcohol-related social problems, and the number of alcohol-related physical symptoms after taking into consideration the effects of age and gender.

Conclusions

The prevalence of symptoms of EDs is high in adolescents with AOSUDs, with the number of ED symptoms correlating with increased alcohol consumption. Further studies on the course and treatment of adolescents with AOSUDs and symptoms of EDs are warranted.
Managing Maternal Substance Use in the Perinatal Period: Current Concerns and Treatment Approaches in the United States and Australia
Authors: Burns Lucinda , Coleman-Cowger Victoria H. , Breen Courtney
Published: October 2017

Substance use in pregnancy can have adverse effects on mother and fetus alike. Australia and the US are countries with high levels of substance use and policies advising abstinence, although the Australian approach occurs within a broader framework of harm minimization. Less attention has been paid to treatment of the mothers' substance use and what is considered gold standard. This is despite evidence that prior substance use in pregnancy is the most important factor in predicting future substance use in pregnancy. This paper draws together information from both the peer-reviewed and gray literature to provide a contemporary overview of patterns and outcomes of the three main drugs, alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis, used in Australia and the US during pregnancy and discusses what are considered gold standard screening and treatment approaches for these substances. This paper does not set out to be a comprehensive review of the area but rather aims to provide a concise summary of current guidelines for policy makers and practitioners who provide treatment for women who use substances in pregnancy.
Gender Comparison in Referrals and Treatment Completion to Residential and Outpatient Alcohol Treatment
Authors: Bazargan-Hejazi Shahrzad , De Lucia Valory , Pan Deyu , Mojtahedzadeh Mona , Rahmani Elham , Jabori Sinan , Zahmatkesh Golara , Bazargan Mohsen
Published: October 2017

Background

Residential treatment for alcoholism is associated with high completion rates for clients, yet there appear to be gender disparities in patient referrals and treatment completion rates. We studied whether (A) gender is associated with differential patient placement to outpatient vs. residential treatment facilities and (B) completion rates differ by gender.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the admission and discharge data from 185 publicly funded substance abuse treatment facilities across Los Angeles County between 2005 and 2010.

Results

Among the 33,745 studied cases, women were referred to residential treatment facilities less frequently than men (75% vs. 66%). The adjusted results derived from logistic regression models confirmed that females were more likely to be referred to outpatient treatment than to residential treatment facilities (odds ratio [OR]: 1.15, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.26). In addition, we observed that compared to White/Caucasian patients, all other races were associated with more referral to outpatient facilities (ie, less referral to residential facilities), indicating a racial disparity on the top of the observed gender disparity. However, there was no significant link between gender and treatment completion rates (OR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.86–1.00).

Conclusions

Women seem to have treatment completion rates comparable to men, yet they are less likely to be referred to residential treatment facilities. Hence, there still remains a gender disparity in alcoholic patient referrals. Further studies should delineate which specific therapeutic aspects and programmatic components of women-focused treatments are essential to augment positive treatment outcomes.
Feasibility of Ecological Momentary Assessment Using Cellular Telephones in Methamphetamine Dependent Subjects
Authors: Galloway Gantt P. , Didier Ryne , Garrison Kathleen , Mendelson John
Published: October 2017

Background

Predictors of relapse to methamphetamine use are poorly understood. State variables may play an important role in relapse, but they have been difficult to measure at frequent intervals in outpatients.

Methods

We conducted a feasibility study of the use of cellular telephones to collect state variable data from outpatients. Six subjects in treatment for methamphetamine dependence were called three times per weekday for approximately seven weeks. Seven questionnaires were administered that assessed craving, stress, affect and current type of location and social environment.

Results

395/606 (65%) of calls attempted were completed. The mean time to complete each call was 4.9 (s.d. 1.8) minutes and the mean time to complete each item was 8.4 (s.d. 4.8) seconds. Subjects rated the acceptability of the procedures as good. All six cellular phones and battery chargers were returned undamaged.

Conclusion

Cellular telephones are a feasible method for collecting state data from methamphetamine dependent outpatients.
Risk Factors and Treatment Needs among Orphan School Children
Authors: Shanthi Malleedi , Goud EV Soma Sekhar , Kumar G Padmanabha , Rajguru Jagdeesh P , Ratnasothy Subramaniam , Ealla Kranti KR
Published: October 2017

Aim

The aim of the study was to identify risk factors and treatment needs of orphan children of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Objectives

(1) To identify the association between the frequency of snacking and caries among orphan schoolchildren, (2) To assess Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli (microbiological assessment) in saliva of orphan children, and (3) To formulate treatment needs for orphan children.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional study was done among 253 children of 5-, 12-, and 15-year-olds living in various orphanage houses of Selangor, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Demographic data, and dietary and oral hygiene practices were collected through a structured questionnaire. Clinical examinations of children were conducted to assess oral health status and recorded in the World Health Organization oral health assessment form (1997). Stimulated saliva was collected for S. mutans and Lactobacilli levels. The statistical software, namely, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 19.0 was used for the analysis of the data.

Results

The final data analysis included 253 children of which 116 (45.8%) were boys and 137 (54.2%) were girls. 140 (55.33%) children were caries-free and 113 (44.66%) children presented with caries (decayed/missing/filled surface >0). High levels of salivary microbiological counts (S. mutans and Lactobacilli), i.e., ≥ 105, stress the importance of necessary preventive oral health services. Treatment needs among orphan children showed that most of the children, i.e., 58 (22.9%), need preventive or caries-arresting care followed by 49 (19.4%) who require two-surface filling as an immediate measure.

Conclusion

From the results of our study, orphan children have low utilization of preventive and therapeutic oral health services. Urgent attention is required to plan a comprehensive dental health-care program to improve their oral health status.

Clinical significance

Parents are the primary caretakers of children, but woefully some of them have to lead their lives without parents, the latter either being dead or incapable of bringing up their children. Such a group of children is known as orphans. As oral health is an integral part of general health, it is essential for health-care policy makers to address oral health needs of this underprivileged group of society. This article highlights the risk factors and treatment needs among orphan schoolchildren.

How to cite this article

Shanthi M, Goud EVSS, Kumar GP, Rajguru JP, Ratnasothy S, Ealla KKR. Risk Factors and Treatment Needs among Orphan School Children. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):893-898.
Relationship of Body Mass Index with Diet, Physical Activities, and Lifestyles of Dental Students
Authors: Awan Kamran Habib , Habib Syed R , Alghofaily Sakhar , Alshamrani Hussam , Alhammad Abdullah
Published: October 2017

Introduction

The objective of the study was to investigate the prevalence of overweight issues and obesity by recording the body mass index (BMI) and explore the dietary habits, physical activities (PAs), and lifestyles of male students at the College of Dentistry, King Saud University.

Materials and methods

A custom-designed self-administrative form and questionnaire were used in this study for data collection. The first part of the form was used to record the participants’ height and weight for the BMI. The participants were grouped as underweight (BMI < 18.5), normal weight (BMI = 18.5–24.9), overweight (BMI = 25–29.9), and obese (BMI > 30.0). The second part comprised questions related to the dietary habits, PAs, and lifestyles of the male dental students. Chi-squared test was used to generate the significance of each question at significance <0.05.

Results

A total of 211 male students (mean age 22.31 ± 2.10 years) participated in the study (response rate 78.1%). The findings revealed that 29 and 28% of the dental students were overweight and obese respectively. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) between the groups was found for the questions asked about time spent exercising per day (p = 0.003), time spent sporting per week (p = 0.003), and time spent watching television and internet surfing per day (p = 0.012).

Conclusion

The prevalence of overweight issues and obesity is high among the dental students compared with the general population of Saudi Arabia, and there is a need for intervention programs to combat obesity among the dental students. The awareness about PA, healthy diet/lifestyle, consequences of overweight and obesity on their health and profession must be increased among the dental students to avoid future complications.

Clinical significance

The impact of obesity on individuals’ oral health and its influence on dental treatment protocols and postoperative procedures has been well documented. Dental students are more prone to obesity due to their lifestyle with less PA and disordered eating habits and, thereby, are prone to obesity-related health hazards.

How to cite this article

Habib SR, Alghofaily S, Alshamrani H, Alhammad A, Awan KH. Relationship of Body Mass Index with Diet, Physical Activities, and Lifestyles of Dental Students. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(10):899-904.
Evangelical Youth Culture
Authors: Abraham Ibrahim
Published: October 2017

This book offers a theoretically sophisticated and empirically rich study of the intersections of contemporary Christianity and youth culture, focusing on evangelical engagements with punk, hip hop, surfing, and skateboarding. Ibrahim Abraham draws on interviews and fieldwork with dozens of musicians and sports enthusiasts in the USA, UK, Australia, and South Africa, and the analysis of evangelical subcultural media including music, film, and extreme sports Bibles.
O IMPACTO DO FEDERALISMO SANITÁRIO BRASILEIRO NA EFETIVIDADE DO DIREITO À SAÚDE
Authors: Khamis Renato Braz Mehanna , Sartori Ivan Ricardo Garisio
Published: October 2017

Trata-se de trabalho original que busca examinar o sistema federativo brasileiro a partir dos dispositivos constitucionais que tratam das competências dos entes federativos, mais precisamente daquelas pertinentes ao direito à saúde, como forma de identificar se existe alguma relação entre o federalismo sanitário brasileiro e a efetividade do direito à saúde. Verificou-se que, enquanto, no essencial, a Carta Magna apresenta clara tendência centralizadora, centrípeta, simultaneamente passa a descentralizar as atribuições dos entes federativos quando trata do direito à saúde, flertando claramente com o chamado federalismo centrífugo. Desta forma, através da análise do federalismo brasileiro, pretendeu-se idenficar as consequências desta dicotomia para o sistema de saúde constitucionalmente estabelecido, mormente no tocante à implementação das políticas públicas de saúde, bem como identificar até que ponto esta estruturação normativa impacta na efetividade do direito à saúde. Para tanto, foi utilizado o método dedutivo em pesquisa cujo objetivo é explicativo, pois busca identificar os fatores de existência do objeto estudado, sendo que, para atingir sua finalidade, adotou-se o procedimento bibliográfico, já que amparado por referências normativas e teóricas publicadas em meio escrito e eletrônico. Por fim, concluiu-se que existe um descompasso entre o modelo federativo adotado como regra pela Constituição de 1988 e o federalismo sanitário por ela instituído, o que foi reconhecido pelos poderes públicos, e levou a criação das Comissões Intergestores Bipartite (CIB) e Tripartite (CIT). Porém, a notória falta de efetividade do direito à saúde demonstrou ineficiência das medidas adotadas, tornando necessário um rearranjo institucional para solucionar o descompasso apontado.
INTERAÇÃO ENTRE ACESSIBILIDADE URBANÍSTICA E DIREITO À CIDADE: UMA APROXIMAÇÃO POSSÍVEL E ADEQUADA À POSSIBILIDADE DE INCLUSÃO SOCIAL DAS PESSOAS COM DEFICIÊNCIA
Authors: Nonato Domingos Do Nascimento , Gama Raiol Raimundo Wilson , Dias Daniella Maria Dos Santos
Published: October 2017

Depreende-se do texto constitucional o propósito de proteger e assegurar o exercício pleno e equitativo de todos os direitos humanos e liberdades fundamentais por todas as pessoas com deficiência. Desse modo, o presente artigo trata da relevância da acessibilidade urbanística, um dos instrumentos materiais determinantes e condicionantes da possibilidade de garantia de inclusão social dessas pessoas e que contribui, também, para a promoção da cidadania desse público e, em razão disso, ao exercício do direito à cidade. Objetiva-se tecer reflexões a respeito das condições para ter a referida acessibilidade, em virtude de sua necessidade para assegurar a efetivação de maior igualdade material ou de oportunidades, pois dependendo das condições em que as barreiras físicas se apresentem, aliadas às barreiras atitudinais, propiciarão ou inviabilizarão o acesso e utilização de bens e serviços por todas as pessoas. À luz da ideia do direito à cidade e mediante análises de dispositivos constitucionais e infraconstitucionais, parte-se da hipótese de que a ausência das condições de acessibilidade urbanística interfere acintosamente no processo de inclusão social das pessoas com deficiência. Como ressonância dessa questão, o objeto de estudo perfaz-se na discussão bibliográfica e na análise da legislação pertinente sob à âncora da Constituição da República, com algumas ligeiras incursões nas realidades urbanas e rurais dos municípios de Abaetetuba, Igarapé-Miri e Moju/PA quanto à problemática relacionada à falta de acessibilidade urbanística, que representa uma grande ferramenta de igualdade de tratamento e de oportunidades, essencial ao exercício, inclusive, de outros direitos e garantias fundamentais.
LONGEVIDADE E CIDADE: DO DANO URBANÍSTICO À GARANTIA DO DIREITO À MORADIA ADEQUADA PARA IDOSOS DE BAIXA RENDA.
Authors: Monteiro Luzia Cristina Antoniossi , Silva Nayara Mendes , Varoto Vania Aparecida Gurian
Published: October 2017

O rápido crescimento da população idosa contribui para um novo arranjo demográfico nas cidades, resultando em demandas que desafiam o poder público a repensar práticas e meios de suporte à essa população. Este artigo objetiva apontar uma estratégia para obtenção de recursos, por meio das atribuições do Ministério Público, instituição nomeada pela lei para agir em defesa dos direitos da pessoa idosa: o uso do Termo de Ajustamento de Conduta - TAC. Trata-se de um caso prático acompanhado em um condomínio exclusivo para idosos de baixa renda de um município do interior paulista. O devido cumprimento do TAC, proporcionou melhores condições de acessibilidade e qualidade de vida aos idosos, revelando-se um mecanismo viável de ser replicado em outros espaços a fim de proporcionar garantia de direitos como é o caso da moradia adequada.
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA - NOVA LEI - VELHAS PRÁTICAS: CASO DE ARAGUAÍNA – AMAZÔNIA LEGAL.
Authors: Bazolli João Aparecido , Oliveira Mariela Cristina Ayres , Pereira Olivia Campos Maia
Published: October 2017

O estudo realizado objetivou, a partir da análise em assentamentos humanos de baixa renda, entender a segregação periférica e a expansão urbana na cidade de Araguaína-TO. A metodologia de abordagem qualitativa aplicada ao estudo consistiu na análise de documentos sobre os programas habitacionais e os de regularização fundiária, elaborados pelo Poder Público local. Realizou-se pesquisa de campo nos assentamentos humanos de baixa renda definidos pelo estudo. Este trabalho de campo, que consistiu em entrevistas com as lideranças das ocupações estudadas e com os gestores municipais, teve a finalidade de compreender os modos de ocupação irregular na cidade, pela lógica da demanda por moradia e disputa do espaço urbano, entendido como mercadoria pelo setor imobiliário. Concluiu-se haver problema fundiário complexo nesta cidade, o qual vem se dando em razão de a regularização fundiária não ser prioridade para os gestores locais. Identificaram-se, também, ineficiência administrativa da Prefeitura no tratamento deste tema; ausência de medidas concretas para a solução deste problema e a falta de fiscalização para evitar a sua ampliação; descontrole sobre o perímetro urbano da cidade e a constatação da contradição entre a necessidade de regularização fundiária urbana periferica e a urbanização da região central da cidade. Como agravante, destacamos a mudança da legislação federal ocorrida em 11 julho de 2017 (Lei nº 13.465), a qual alterou os mecanismos para a regularização fundiária no País, obviamente com reflexos diretos na cidade estudada, tanto pela falta de preparo dos gestores, como pela dificuldade de operacionalizar essa nova lei.
ASPECTOS URBANÍSTICOS, CIVIS E REGISTRAIS DO DIREITO REAL DE LAJE
Authors: Carmona Paulo Afonso Cavichioli , Loures de Oliveira Fernanda
Published: October 2017

Com o advento da Lei 13.465 de 11 de julho de 2017, um novo direito real foi introduzido na ordem jurídica brasileira: o direito de laje. Em que pese a resistência inicial da doutrina, entende-se importante direcionar um olhar interessado ao novo instituto, de modo a viabilizar sua aplicação prática, diferenciando-o dos demais direitos reais já existentes. É o que se visa realizar por meio do presente artigo. Utilizando-se de metodologia marcadamente dogmática, que parte do exame do novo diploma legal em confronto com a disciplina já existente do direito de superfície e do condomínio edilício, conclui-se que o direito real de laje, embora semelhante, em certos aspectos, a estes direitos reais, possui clara autonomia normativo-conceitual, com natureza jurídica específica. Trata-se de tema de grande interesse para a doutrina urbanística, civil e registral imobiliária, que ainda não consolidaram entendimentos sobre o assunto.
REGULARIZAÇÃO FUNDIÁRIA DE COMUNIDADES QUILOMBOLAS EM MATO GROSSO DO SUL/BRASIL
Authors: Aguilera Urquiza Antonio Hilario , Dos Santos Lourival
Published: October 2017

Este texto tem por objetivo apresentar a política de regularização fundiária das comunidades quilombolas de Mato Grosso do Sul, a partir dos resultados do projeto de pesquisa “Políticas Públicas em Comunidades Quilombolas de Mato Grosso Sul”, realizado com a proposta de fazer diagnóstico acerca da regularização dos territórios tradicionais. Em termos metodológicos, a partir da situação fundiária, foram escolhidas seis comunidades em fase de titulação de seus territórios: Comunidade São Miguel (Maracaju), Furnas de Boa Sorte (Corguinho), Furnas do Dionísio (Jaraguari), Desidério Felipe Oliveira (Dourados), Chácara Buriti e Tia Eva (Campo Grande). A pesquisa contou com levantamento bibliográfico e a análise documental, especialmente a partir dos dados dos processos administrativos do INCRA. Outro elemento da metodologia foi a realização do trabalho de campo, com entrevistas e rodas de conversa com lideranças. Levantamos, assim, as políticas públicas incidentes nessas comunidades nos últimos 10 anos e, em particular, a situação atual dos processos de reconhecimento, delimitação, titulação e demarcação das terras ocupadas por remanescente de quilombos. A partir dos dados chegamos a alguns resultados: há, na atualidade, aproximadamente 30 comunidades quilombolas em MS, quase todas identificadas e formalizadas pela Fundação Cultural Palmares, e dentre estas, 18 com procedimento administrativo instaurado no INCRA. Concluímos que garantir o direito à titulação das terras é devolver às comunidades a possibilidade da permanência definitiva em seus territórios, o que acarretará em uma maior autonomia e conscientização de seus direitos. Trata-se de trabalho inédito, fruto de pesquisa acadêmica, com vistas a avaliar e subsidiar as políticas públicas.