bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinerja Pasar Ditinjau Dari Good Corporate Governance Dan Sustainability Reporting
Authors: Rahman Nita , Wibowo Agus Satrya , Setiawan Ricky Yunisar
Published: December 2024

This study aims to determine the effect of good corporate governance and sustainability reporting on market performance in general insurance companies that have published stock movements and companies that have been listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2019-2023. The population of this study was 76 companies with certain criteria, the sample in this study was taken using purposive sampling with a sample size of 8 (eight) companies. The data analyzed using Smart PLS (Partial Least Square). The results of the study show that Good corporate governance and Sustainability reporting have an influence on market performance. However, the board of director indicator does not have an influence on insurance market performance.
Examining the Prevalence and Impact of Sport Fans’ Rituals: A Sensory Marketing Perspective
Authors: Hungenberg Eric , Slavich Mark , Cayolla Ricardo
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the study was to empirically demonstrate that sensory impressions, emblematic of rituals, have an ability to impact perceptions of atmospherics to a degree that may facilitate place attachment. In this paper, sensory rituals reflecting aesthetics, sound, taste, touch, and socialization are operationalized as multi-dimensional perspectives based upon three fundamental characteristics: frequency, meaningfulness, and novelty. Data were acquired by surveying individuals attending live sport events. In total, 444 useable surveys were collected from patrons representing three countries and six unique sport contexts. Results reveal that fans’ perception of atmosphere was shown to mediate the relationship between sensory rituals and individuals’ place identity and place dependency. Attendees’ perceived level of team identification moderated the relationship between various forms of sensory rituals and atmospherics. This study provides further proof that ritualistic behavior exists to perpetuate various forms of attachment including religion, sport, teams, and in this case, places.
Are Bad Calls Part of the Game? Impact of Bad Calls on the Emotional Outcome: Focusing on the Excitation Transfer Theory
Authors: Ahn Jin Woo , Sung Lee Joon
Published: December 2024

Undoubtedly, bad calls during sport matches have been known to disrupt the spectators’ viewing experiences. However, do the bad calls always damage the enjoyment of the game? Drawing on the excitation transfer theory and the attributional model, we attempted to examine the impacts of unavoidable negative situations on fans’ experiences. To achieve the research objective, we experimented (n = 145) with a 2 (Bad calls: with vs. without) x 2 (Game result: win vs. loss) between-subjects designs by using actual NCAA Division 1 men’s basketball videos as experimental stimuli. The results showed that emotions of suspense (e.g., emotional intensity) from witnessing bad calls can be transferred to favorable emotions (e.g., subjective vitality), depending on the outcome of the subsequent events (winning vs. losing). The findings propose that bad calls could not only serve as a catalyst for increasing fans’ emotions of suspense but also enhance their overall viewing experience.
INOVASI GERAH MINUM DUGAN (GERAKAN CEGAH ANEMIA DENGAN MADU DAN BUAH NAGA) DI PMB PUTU RINA S.Tr,Keb DESA KAGUNGAN RAHAYU KECAMATAN MENGGALA KABUPATEN TULANG BAWANG
Authors: Mariza Ana , Isnaini Nurul , A.S Veronica Dyah
Published: December 2024

Anemia adalah keadaan kadar hemoglobin dalam darah dibawah normal. Penyebabnya karena kurangnya zat gizi untuk pembentukan darah, seperti Zat Besi, asam folat, atau Vitamin B12. Anemia dapat terjadi apabila kadar Hemoglobin 10 gr/dl,dan jika kadar Hb kurang dari 6 gr/dl maka disebut Anemia Gravis. Pada wanita normal nilai hemoglobin sebesar 12-15 gr/dl namun pada ibu hamil memiliki resiko lebih besar untuk terkena anemia, kondisi ibu hamil yang anemia adalah Ibu yang memiliki kadar Hb kurang dari 11 gr/dl. Kadar hemoglobin <11 gr% pada trimester I dan III atau kadar <10,5 gr% pada trimester II. Pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang cara mencegah anemia dengan pemanfaatan jus buah naga dan madu. Metode kegiatan ini dilakukan dengan memberikan penyuluhan dan demonstrasi cara pembuatan jus buah naga dan madu kepada ibu hamil selama 45 menit. Media yang digunakan adalah power point dan leaflet. Kegiatan ini telah dilaksanakan pada tanggal 27 Juni 2024 di PMB Putu Rina, S.Tr.Keb Desa Kagungan Rahayu. Jumlah peserta yang hadir sebanyak 7 ibu hamil. Terdapat peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil setelah diberikan edukasi tentang manfaat dari mengkonsumsi jus buah naga dan madu untuk meningkatkan HB selama masa kehamilan. Diharapkan hasil kegiatan inovasi ini dapat bermanfaat bagi ibu hamil untuk meningkatkan HB dalam darah dengan cara mengkonsumsi jus buah naga dan madu.
PENYEGARAN KADER TENTANG POSYANDU TERINTEGRASI DALAM RANGKA TRANSFORMASI LAYANAN PRIMER DAN PEMBUATAN PUPUK KOMPOS DI DESA LIMAN BENAWI KECAMATAN TRIMURJO KABUPATEN LAMPUNG TENGAH
Authors: Rosmadewi Rosmadewi , Hartati Ani , Arianto Arianto , Gultom Tati Baina
Published: December 2024

Abstrak: Transformasi layanan primer merupakan pilar pertama dalam transformasi kesehatan Indonesia, dimana dalam penerapannya memiliki fokus memperkuat aktivitas promotif dan preventif untuk menciptakan lebih banyak orang sehat, memperbaiki skrining kesehatan serta meningkatkan kapasitas layanan primer. Salah satu pelayanan  kesehatan yang bertujuan untuk memperbaiki skrining kesehatan dan meningkatkan kapasitas layanan primer, Kementerian Kesehatan melaunching tentang Posyandu Terintegrasi. Posyandu terintegrasi adalah kegiatan pelayanan sosial dasar  keluarga yang dilakukan secara terintegrasi dan koordinatif, serta saling memperkuat antar program. Posyandu terintegrasi bertujuan untuk memberikan pelayanan kesehatan dasar yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat.Sampah merupakan produk yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan manusia berupa material tidak berguna yang akan bertambah setiap hari selama manusia masih melakukan aktivitasnya. Apabila kondisi ini terus dibiarkan, maka yang terjadi adalah material sisa tersebut akan bertumpuk dan menimbulkan masalah serius. Sampah dapat dipilah menjadi sampah organik dan anorganik. Sampah organik dapat diolah menjadi pupuk kompos yang dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk tanaman dan juga dapat dijual sehingga dapat menambah pemasukan masyarakat.Kampung Liman Benawi merupakan salah satu kampung yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Trimurjo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah yang memiliki permasalahan tentang kurang optimalnya peran kader dalam membantu tenaga kesehatan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan di masyarakat dan masyarakat belum tahu tentang pengelolaan sampah.Oleh karenanya, tim pengabdi Poltekkes Kemenkes Tanjungkarang melakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa penyegaran kader posyandu tentang Posyandu Terintegrasi dan praktik pengolahan sampah rumah tangga menjadi  pupuk kompos. Berkaitan dengan kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat, masyarakat cukup antusias dalam mengikuti kegiatan pengabmas yang sudah disepakati dengan pamong dan masyarakat. Sebagian besar masyarakat yang diundang untuk mengikuti kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat di kampung Liman Benawi pada hadir. Disarankan, perangkat kampung dan masyarakat memprogramkan kegiatan dalam rangka peningkatan kesehatan masyarakatnya berupa mengoptimalkan peran kader kesehatan dalam kegiatan posyandu terintegrasi dan memilah sampah rumah tangga menjadi sampah organik dan sampah non organik. Selanjutnya sampah organik dapat diolah menjadi pupuk kompos yang dapat digunakan sendiri sebagai pupuk tanaman dan juga bisa dijual seehingga menjadi sumber pemasukan bagi masyarakat kampung Liman Benawi. Kata kunci: Penyegaran Kader, Posyadu Terintegrasi, Pembuatan Pupuk Kompos.
Optimizing Post-Harvest Preservation of Shallots (Allium Aascalonicum L) through the Application of Co-60 Gamma Ray Irradiation Technology
Authors: Sarjono Arianto Passalli , Indriastuti Alfiah , Azis Hijrah Amaliah , Ramdani Nurfika , Mustam Mariaulfa , Amin Ida Ifdaliah , Wahab Nurhikmah , Bangun Daniel
Published: December 2024

Shallots are an important food commodity for the needs of various Indonesian cuisines and other uses that are widely utilized. However, currently shallot farmers complain about post-harvest shallots that are easily damaged such as rotting, wrinkling, porous, root growth and fungal growth. To reduce this damage, preservation is needed. One alternative technology is Co-60 Gamma Ray Irradiation based on the principle of electromagnetic radiation that produces high-energy photons that cause ionization and excitation in the material it passes through. The nature of Gamma rays used in the preservation process has great penetrating power and does not cause temperature changes in the irradiated food. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Co-60 gamma ray irradiation on the optimization of the shelf life of post-harvest preservation of shallots with variations in control doses: low, medium and high, variations in temperature and quality parameters. The method of this research stage is: 1) Sample preparation. 2) Gamma Ray Irradiation of Co-60 with variation of control dose: low, medium and high 3) Analysis of temperature measurement and measurement of quality parameters (water content, weight loss, damage and hardness) against the irradiation dose. The results showed that gamma ray irradiation of Co-60 affected the length of shoots based on variation of dose and temperature, namely on day 1 and day 14 the combination of 650Gy treatment at 350C had the smallest shoot length, water content was relatively high, weight loss was relatively small, damage was relatively small and hardness was relatively high.
Optimization Parameters of Durian Peel-Based Activated Carbon Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Authors: Nury Dennis Farina , Kurniawati Intan Wahyuning , Manurung Martin Sugiarto , Panjaitan Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan , Luthfi Muhammad Zulfikar , Iqbal Muhammad Nasyarudin
Published: December 2024

Durian peel is one of the agricultural wastes that has not been utilised optimally and has the potential to be used as an alternative to biomass-based activated carbon. This study was conducted to study the optimisation process of making activated carbon from durian peel using H3PO4 activator. The optimisation process was carried out using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to optimise the variables that affect the quality of activated carbon using the Box-Behnken method. The variables used were 20% v/v, 25% v/v, and 30% v/v H3PO4 concentrations, activation time of 12 hours, 24 hours, and 36 hours, weight ratio of activated carbon to H3PO4 activator 1:2 m/v, 1:3 m/v, and 1:4 m/v. The optimization using RSM method results showed an iodine absorption capacity of 790.139 mg/g obtained under the following conditions, H3PO4 concentration of 30% v/v, activation time of 34.78 hours, and weight ratio of activated carbon to H3PO4 activator of 1:4 m/v. Activated carbon from durian peel with optimum conditions obtained surface area value of 2.407 × 10-11 m2 and activated carbon diameter of 4.878 μm using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis test
An Approximation of Yield Surface for Doubly Symmetrical Sections of Steel Structures
Authors: Hoang Hieu Nghia , Vu Quoc Anh , Nghiem Manh Hien
Published: December 2024

The paper presents a new method to generate yield surfaces for the doubly symmetrical sections including thin-walled pipe, thin-walled box, and wide-flange I-shape under axial force combined with biaxial bending moments in nonlinear analysis of the steel frame. The yield surfaces are described by twenty parameters and all of them can be determined automatically by the computer program using the power and polynomial regressions of the interaction curves. The cutting plan algorithm (CPA) is adopted for internal force update to satisfy yield conditions in a plastic hinge. A computer code was designed to implement the proposed model and carry out nonlinear analyses on steel frames. Multiple computational examples have been executed to verify the proposed model's accuracy and efficiency, involving a comparison of results predicted by the proposed method with those obtained from alternative methods.
RELIGIOSIDAD, ESPIRITUALIDAD, Y PERSONAS SINHOGAR.
Authors: Uribe Vilarrodona Joan
Published: December 2024

La religiosidad y/o espiritualidad de las personas en situación de sin hogar (PSSH) así como los vínculos entre las instituciones religiosas y estas personas, no ha sido aún estudiada en nuestro ámbito. Un análisis a partir de la revisión bibliográfica realizada, contextualiza un consenso sobre la diferenciación de los conceptos de religiosidad y espiritualidad. Esta diferenciación, se concreta en el manejo instrumental que operativizan las metodologías de acompañamiento social, a partir de su aplicación en el ámbito de la salud desde abordajes holísticos en base a modelos biopsicosociales y espirituales de acompañamiento. También, se constata la normalización del vínculo individual de la PSSH con lo sagrado, así como el importante peso específico que parece tener en la construcción del itinerario de recuperación personal. Estos hallazgos deberían ser contrastados con las PSSH, analizando qué vínculos tiene su estado de marginalidad en relación con su experiencia de lo trascendente y cómo estos se estructuran.
Does size matter? Center-specific characteristics and survival after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for acute myeloid leukemia: an analysis of the German Registry for Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy
Authors: Bethge Wolfgang , Flossdorf Sarah , Hanke Franziska , Schmid Christoph , Ringhoffer Mark , Klein Stefan , Hertenstein Bernd , Schetelig Johannes , Stelljes Matthias , Schroeder Thomas , Blau Igor Wolfgang , Ayuk Francis , Eder Matthias , Zeiser Robert , Fleischhauer Katharina , Kröger Nicolaus , Dreger Peter
Published: December 2024

We investigated the effect of center-specific variables on overall survival (OS) after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Eligible were adult patients reported to DRST registry receiving first alloHCT for AML from a related or matched (>= 9/10 HLA-match) unrelated donor 2015-2021. Primary endpoint was OS at 12 months from alloHCT. Univariable and multivariable analyses after best subset selection was performed. Of 5328 patients, 83% received alloHCT in a high-volume center (≥40 alloHCT/year); 90% in a university hospital; 90% in a center performing alloHCT for ≥10 years; and 73% in a Joint Accreditation Committee IHCT-Europe and EBMT (JACIE) accredited center. 52% of the patients were in CR1, and ELN risk was adverse in 37% and intermediate in 42%. On multivariable analysis, center-specific factors predicting adverse 12-month OS were program duration
ANALISIS IMPLEMENTASI SAK EMKM PADA KEDAI KANETAH COFFEE
Authors: Khotimah Khusnul , Anisa Dwi Nurfajriah  , Muhammad Fikri  , Rimi Gusliana Mais
Published: December 2024

Penerapan SAK-EMKM memberikan banyak kemudahan bagi perusahaan kecil seperti Usaha Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) dengan ketentuan pelaporan yang lebih kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penerapan SAK EMKM dalam penyajian laporan keuangan pada UMKM Kanetah Coffee. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah reduksi informasi, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah UMKM belum menyusun laporan keuangan sesuai dengan SAK EMKM sehingga perlunya adanya pendampingan lebih lanjut dalam penyusunan laporan keuangannya.
Adult education, democracy, and totalitarianism
Authors: Hoggan-Kloubert Tetyana , Hoggan Chad , Luthardt Nicole
Published: December 2024

This article explores the role of adult education in supporting democracy through an examination of the former German Democratic Republic (GDR) (1949-1990). This case study presents the institutional landscape, political regulations, and key trends of adult education in the GDR, complemented by insights from educators who worked within the field during the 1970s through 1990s. Two key categories emerge from the findings: (1) ‘Learning society’: Opportunities, access, and control of learning; and (2) Coexistence of conformity and resistance. Interviews highlight the diverse aspects of adult education in the GDR. While some programmes facilitated access to education, culture, and certain professions that would have otherwise been unattainable, the indoctrinative, centralised, and state-controlled education system promoted a predefined societal model and sought to mould a specific personality type, aligning with the vision of a totalitarian learning society, which clashes with the fundamental values of adult education and creates a contradictory situation for adult educators.
Comparative analyses of symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals during three waves of COVID-19 in India
Authors: Bhardwaj Priya , Jetly Sunita , Yadav Sunita , Kaushik Rahul , Naidu Kumar , Saluja Daman , Taneja Jyoti
Published: December 2024

Background

India witnessed three COVID-19 pandemic waves, each with various degrees of severity and clinical signs. The coronavirus strain and immunization status have a significant impact on the severity of COVID-19 infections. The current study intends to evaluate and compare the symptoms, severity, and breakthrough infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals over the three waves of the pandemic.

Methods

This was a retrospective survey study. A Google based questionnaire was used to collect data on demographics, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection status, re-infections, associated symptoms, severity, and vaccination status over three waves, post-COVID-19 sequelae, and willingness to receive a COVID-19 booster dose in the Indian population. The replies of 3,404 Indian participants were analysed using STATA 11.

Results

Each wave showed a decrease in the number of symptomatic COVID-19 infections. However, fever and loss of smell/taste were identified as the most common symptoms in each wave. Clinical symptoms such as fever, weariness, and shortness of breath were shown to be considerably higher in vaccinated than unvaccinated individuals. The number of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections increased between the second and third waves. Approximately 36.5% of people with protracted COVID-19 had previously received immunization after recovering from a natural COVID-19 illness. Overall, 34.8% of individuals were hesitant to take the COVID-19 booster dose.

Conclusion

Increased symptoms in vaccinated individuals during the second wave, emphasizing the potential role of antibody-dependent augmentation. A considerable fraction (36.5%) of those with protracted COVID-19 infections had previously received vaccination after contracting the virus naturally. The fact that vaccine received after COVID-19 infection has been shown to be a risk factor for long-term COVID-19 emphasizes the need for vigilance in this specific subgroup.
Repeated harvest enables efficient production of VSV-GP
Authors: Habisch Rebecca , Neubauer Peter , Soza-Ried Jorge , Puschmann Eva
Published: December 2024

Viral products keep gaining importance in multiple therapeutic fields. Considering the scale and production slot limitations, optimizing the outcome of every manufacturing batch is essential to minimize costs and make this therapeutic modality broadly available to patients. Most manufacturing processes for oncolytic viruses currently in clinical studies are based on a batch process. Here, we evaluated the benefits in terms of titer increase of a repeated harvest approach and compared it to the classical batch production process. While no effect on cell density was observed, the cumulated infectious titer following repeated harvest was over 400 times higher than the evaluated batch process yield. This shows that repeated harvests or perfusion have the potential to boost viral yields and should be considered when deciding on a process format for production.
Advances and prospects of precision nanomedicine in personalized tumor theranostics
Authors: Mao Yuhang , Xie Juanping , Yang Fang , Luo Yan , Du Juan , Xiang Hong
Published: December 2024

Tumor, as the second leading cause of death globally, following closely behind cardiovascular diseases, remains a significant health challenge worldwide. Despite the existence of various cancer treatment methods, their efficacy is still suboptimal, necessitating the development of safer and more efficient treatment strategies. Additionally, the advancement of personalized therapy offers further possibilities in cancer treatment. Nanomedicine, as a promising interdisciplinary field, has shown tremendous potential and prospects in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. As an emerging approach in oncology, the application of nanomedicine in personalized cancer therapy primarily focuses on targeted drug delivery systems such as passive targeting drug delivery, active targeting drug delivery, and environmentally responsive targeting drug delivery, as well as imaging diagnostics such as tumor biomarker detection, tumor cell detection, and in vivo imaging. However, it still faces challenges regarding safety, biocompatibility, and other issues. This review aims to explore the advances in the use of nanomaterials in the field of personalized cancer diagnosis and treatment and to investigate the prospects and challenges of developing personalized therapies in cancer care, providing direction for the clinical translation and application.
Eye tracking research on readers’ interactions with multimodal texts: a mini-review
Authors: Gatcho Al Ryanne Gabonada , Manuel Jeremiah Paul Giron , Sarasua Rocky James Guevarra
Published: December 2024

This mini-review advocates for the role of eye-tracking research in understanding readers’ engagement with multimodal texts. Synthesizing findings from a variety of studies, the review reveals how eye-tracking gives insights into sophisticated interactions between the textual, visual, and auditory elements within reading environments that assist both cognitive processing and comprehension. Several gaps were revealed: limited demographic scope, integration of advanced technologies, and substantial impact to the area of eye tracking and multimodal literacy. Future directions must therefore include studies across diverse populations, innovative technologies, and cross-discipline research studies. These directions are critical for advancing literacy development in an increasingly multimodal digital world.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease: a mendelian randomization study in European and East Asian populations
Authors: Su Chen’guang , Liao Zheng , Li Hewen , Pei Yinxuan , Wang Zixiang , Li Jian , Liu Jinlong
Published: December 2024

Background

Numerous observational studies have shown a potential association between metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, causality is unclear. This study utilized genome-wide association study (GWAS) genetic data to explore the causal relationship between MASLD and GERD in European and East Asian populations.

Methods

This study utilized a bidirectional, two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. All disease data were obtained from the GWAS database, and single nucleotide polymorphisms strongly associated with exposure were selected as instrumental variables. The inverse variance weighted (IVW) method is primarily utilized to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Finally, sensitivity analyses were performed to ensure the robustness of the results.

Results

The IVW estimates indicated that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (odds ratio (OR) = 1.054, 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.966–1.150, p = 0.236) and percent liver fat (OR = 0.977, 95% CI, 0.937–1.018, p = 0.258) in European population were not linked to a higher risk of GERD. However, GERD in European population was associated with an increased risk of NAFLD (OR = 1.485, 95% CI, 1.274–1.729, p < 0.001) and percent liver fat (OR = 1.244, 95% CI, 1.171–1.321, p < 0.001). In addition, the IVW analysis in East Asian population showed that alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was associated with an increased risk of GERD (OR = 2.305, 95% CI, 1.241–4.281, p = 0.008), whereas aspartate aminotransferase (AST) had no causal effects on GERD risk (OR = 0.973, 95% CI, 0.541–1.749, p = 0.926). Furthermore, the associations between GERD and ALT (OR = 1.007, 95% CI, 0.998–1.015, p = 0.123) or AST (OR = 1.004, 95% CI, 0.997–1.012, p = 0.246) were not significant. After removing outliers, a significant correlation between GERD and ALT was observed (OR = 1.009, 95% CI, 1.001–1.016, p = 0.020).

Conclusion

There was reverse causality between MASLD and GERD in European population, while there was bidirectional causality between a proxie for MASLD (ALT) and GERD in East Asian population. This study can provide novel insights into cross-ethnic genetic research on MASLD and GERD.
Social worlds of Appalachian women caregivers of older relatives living with dementia
Authors: McCann Brandy Renee , Roberto Karen A. , Savla J. , Blieszner Rosemary
Published: December 2024

Rationale

Over 11 million people in the United States provide care for an older family member with dementia, with this responsibility primarily falling on daughters and wives. In Appalachia, a mountainous region in the U.S characterized by close families, family members were crucial to ensuring that care needs were met for people living with dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, we know little about the well-being of family caregivers during the public health crisis. Guided by a Limited Future Time Perspective postulate, which posits that as people age they begin to prioritize emotionally meaningful relationships over instrumental goals, we asked how dementia caregiving changes the social lives of family caregivers situated within kin networks; and how a public health crisis (i.e., COVID-19 pandemic) affects caregivers who are already at risk for social isolation and feelings of loneliness.

Methods

Participants were recruited from a regional health care system and four Area Agencies on Aging. In our longitudinal study we invited family caregivers to be interviewed at multiple time points over a 4-year period. The sample for this study was women caregivers interviewed (N = 27; age range 32–81, m = 63). Interviewers followed a semi-structured protocol with questions designed to elicit descriptions about (a) changes in formal and informal support over time, (b) the person living with dementia's symptoms and disease progression, and (c) how the pandemic affected caregivers’ and persons living with dementia's social worlds.

Findings

We found three types of caregivers: (1) caregivers who had social lives interdependent with their relative with dementia, (2) caregivers and persons living with dementia whose social lives were restricted due to dementia symptoms and caregiving demands, and (3) caregivers and their relative living with dementia who maintained separate social lives. Dementia symptoms more than social distancing measures contributed to caregivers’ shrinking social worlds particularly for those with interdependent social lives despite living amongst kin.

Conclusions

This study is important in understanding how women in Appalachia fared during a pandemic in the context of dementia caregiving. This research supports the need for respite services and dementia care training for respite workers.
Comprehensive analysis of skin growth-related hub genes and microenvironment characterization in a mouse expanded skin model
Authors: Wang Yinmin , Qi Wenxiao , Yu Shun , Zhou Xianyu , Wang Xiuxia , Liu Fei , Jin Rui , Luo Xusong , Ma Qiangliang , Lu Lin , Yang Jun
Published: December 2024

Background

Mechanical stretch-mediated tissue expansion is effective for obtaining extra skin and soft tissue required for the repair of defects or reconstruction of surface organs. Understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms and identifying hub genes and key cell types associated with skin expansion could help predict the success of skin growth during expansion procedures.

Methods

We analyzed murine chip sequencing data and single-cell sequencing data available from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Based on the differentially expressed and epithelial–mesenchymal transition-related genes, random forest and protein-protein interaction network analysis identified hub genes for predicting skin regeneration in tissue expansion. The fate of the cell subpopulations, expression of hub genes in different cell types, and their communication were also assessed.

Results

Five genes, integrin beta 5 (Itgb5), tropomyosin 1 (Tpm1), secreted frizzled-related protein-1 (Sfrp1), Notch1, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (Igfbp2), were identified as having the greatest impact on prediction accuracy. These hub genes were primarily enriched in the Notch and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT pathways. Immune cell infiltration analysis further revealed that mast cell infiltration was significantly higher in the expanded skin group than that in the control group. According to single-cell data, the interactions between epithelial cells, stem cells, and other cell types were higher in the expanded skin group than those in the control group. Moreover, Tpm1, Sfrp1, and Notch1 were highly expressed in all epithelial and stem cell subgroups.

Conclusions

The hub genes, Notch1, Tpm1 and Sfrp1, and their associated signaling pathways such as Notch and Wnt signaling and functions in key cell subsets highlight prospective therapeutic strategies to enhance skin growth under mechanical expansion. Moreover, mast cell activation and infiltration may trigger immune responses in the expanded skin, which requires further investigation.
From tumor microenvironment to emerging biomarkers: the reshaping of the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma tumor microenvironment by neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with immunotherapy
Authors: Qiu Zhengzhou , Li Zhao , Liu Xingfei , Zhang Ruilin , Li Yongxuan , Gao Chenggen , Mao Xiaoling , Bao Yin , Zhang Mingyue , Guo Changying
Published: December 2024

Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma is a cancer with high morbidity and mortality. The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors has significantly increased complete response rates and postoperative R0 resection rates after neoadjuvant therapy. These drugs can largely reverse the suppression of the immune system caused by the tumor microenvironment, allowing the reactivation of anti-tumor immune infiltrating cells, significantly improving the patient’s tumor microenvironment, and thus preventing tumor development. However, there are still some patients who respond poorly to neoadjuvant combined immunotherapy and cannot achieve the expected results. It is now found that exploring changes in the tumor microenvironment not only elucidates patient responsiveness to immunotherapy and identifies more reliable biomarkers, but also addresses the limitations of prediction with imaging examination such as CT and the instability of existing biomarkers. In light of these considerations, this review aims to delve into the alterations within the tumor microenvironment and identify potential predictive biomarkers ensuing from neoadjuvant immunotherapy in the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
Re-exposition to ipilimumab plus nivolumab in metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma
Authors: Glutsch Valerie , Schummer Patrick , Goebeler Matthias , Gesierich Anja , Schilling Bastian
Published: December 2024

Background

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare but highly aggressive cutaneous malignancy. Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) with PD-(L)1 blockade has significantly improved treatment outcomes in metastatic disease. In patients with primary resistance to PD-(L)1 inhibition, a high overall response rate (ORR) of 50% to later-line ipilimumab plus nivolumab (IPI/NIVO) has been demonstrated. However, clinical data on patients with progression after an initial response to IPI/NIVO are still lacking.

Methods

Clinical data of three metastatic MCC patients who were re-exposed to IPI/NIVO after progression were retrospectively evaluated.

Results

Two of the three patients showed primary resistance to avelumab with progressive disease, while one patient showed complete response (according to RECIST V.1.1). All three patients received combined ICI with IPI/NIVO as subsequent therapy, resulting in an ORR of ∼ 67%. However, all three patients progressed during follow-up and were re-exposed to IPI/NIVO. With a follow-up period ranging from 6.5 to 37.1 months, no PFS event has been detected. ORR for IPI/NIVO re-exposition was equal to that of initial IPI/NIVO treatment.

Conclusion

In this retrospective follow-up analysis, we observed a response rate of 67% and long-lasting responses after re-exposition to combined ICI in metastatic MCC patients with progression after initial response or disease control upon their first IPI/NIVO treatment. An important observation from this small analysis is that primary resistance to PD-L1 inhibition may result in a better response to IPI/NIVO.
Spatiotemporal similarity of relative dispersion in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Ma Yinxiang , Huang Yongxiang , Hu Jianyu
Published: December 2024

How a pair of pollutant parcels deviates from each other with an initial separation distance r0, known as relative dispersion or Richardson dispersion, is relevant in many circumstances. This study examines the spatiotemporal similarity of the Richardson relative dispersion in the Gulf of Mexico by reanalyzing the Lagrangian trajectory of the surface drifter provided by two famous field experiments, that is, the Grand Lagrangian Deployment and the Lagrangian Submesoscale Experiment. The experimental dispersion curve indicates a critical separation time. When above this critical time, the dispersion shows an asymptotic power law growth independent of the initial separation distance r0. Below it, the dispersion curve shows a strong spatiotemporal dependence with two spatiotemporal similarity regimes that can be identified for both experiments by looking at the isoline of the normalized dispersion curve. A new similarity variable is introduced to successfully collapse measured dispersion curves. However, the observed spatiotemporal similarity cannot be reproduced by the submesoscale preserved model. Thus, our results suggest that small-scale fluctuations play a crucial role in the relative dispersion of oceanic flows.
Improved detection of gallbladder perforation by contrast-enhanced ultrasound: two case reports
Authors: Zhou Yaxin , Yang Lulu
Published: December 2024

Acute cholecystitis is a common acute abdominal disease, but the occurrence of secondary gallbladder perforation is relatively rare, and poses a serious threat to the lives of patients. The conventional methods for diagnosing acute cholecystitis are abdominal contrast-enhanced CT and ultrasound. However, these methods may have limitations in detecting gallbladder perforation, especially in cases where perforation size are small. In contrast, contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) has the distinct advantage of providing dynamic, real-time visualization of the gallbladder wall enhancement, thereby enabling a more confident diagnosis of gallbladder perforation. Here, we report two cases of acute cholecystitis initially diagnosed by abdominal contrast-enhanced CT, and secondary gallbladder perforation detected by further contrast-enhanced ultrasound. Both patients were finally treated in a timely manner. Our cases suggest that CEUS can be an important complementary method for diagnosing gallbladder perforation.
Influence of smoking and obesity on post-COVID-19 sequelae and risk of hospitalization
Authors: Fernández-Pedruelo Daniel , Juárez-Vela Raúl , Ruiz de Viñaspre-Hernández Regina , Alonso-Alonso Javier , Criado-Gutiérrez José Maríal , Sancho-Sánchez Consuelo
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has significantly impacted the global healthcare system, with particularly harmful effects on the human respiratory system. Beyond the acute symptoms, there is growing concern about persistent symptoms that last for weeks or months after the initial infection, known as long COVID syndrome. This study focuses on investigating the relationship between smoking, obesity, and the presence of post-COVID-19 sequelae, as well as their influence on the risk of hospitalization.

Materials and methods

An observational and retrospective study was conducted using medical records of patients diagnosed with COVID-19 in Castilla y León, Spain, between November 1 and 30, 2020. The patients were divided into three groups: smoking (current and former), obesity/overweight, and control group. Various variables were analyzed, including age, sex, and the presence of post-COVID-19 sequelae, chronic pathologies, cardiovascular diseases, psychological conditions, and hospitalization. Descriptive statistics and Odds Ratio analysis were used for comparisons.

Results

The results revealed that obesity was significantly associated with a higher risk of post-COVID-19 sequelae, particularly memory disorders and neurological, mental, or psychological symptoms. In contrast, smoking was correlated with an increase in memory problems but did not show a direct influence on post-COVID-19 sequelae or hospitalization. Additionally, women were found to have a higher prevalence of obesity in the studied population.

Conclusion

This study provides evidence that obesity increases the risk of post-COVID-19 sequelae, especially in terms of memory disorders and neuropsychological symptoms. On the other hand, smoking is related to memory problems. Regarding cardiovascular pathologies, there was not enough statistical evidence for analysis, while for hospitalization, it was determined that smoking and obesity do not have a direct influence on these post-COVID consequences.
ISLAND Campus: a fee-free formal university educational intervention in mid- to later-life to reduce modifiable risk factors for dementia and improve cognition
Authors: Roccati Eddy , Kitsos Alex , Bindoff Aidan David , Alty Jane Elizabeth , Bartlett Larissa , Collins Jessica Marie , King Anna Elizabeth , Fair Hannah , Doherty Kathleen , Vickers James Clement
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Previous research has tended to focus on early-life education for dementia risk reduction, yet there are great gains for building cognitive reserve in mid- to later-life through educational interventions. ISLAND (Island Study Linking Ageing and Neurodegenerative Disease) Campus offered free university study to all ISLAND participants, with flexible in-person/online learning models to remove educational, socioeconomic and geographical barriers. Here the core hypothesis of ISLAND Campus was investigated: that engagement in later life education leads to improvements in modifiable risk factors for dementia, cognition and blood-based biomarkers.

Methods

ISLAND Campus participants were matched on age and gender to non-Campus participants via propensity score method, with optimal matching based on logistic regression. Participants completed online surveys on health, demographics, modifiable dementia risk factors via a customized Dementia Risk Profile (DRP) tool and provided blood samples for APOE genotyping and plasma phosphorylated-tau (p-tau). Cognition was measured online via the validated Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery Paired Associates Learning (PAL) and Spatial Working Memory (SWM) tasks. Impact of the opt-in formal educational intervention was tested in R via ANCOVA.

Results

Total participants were 986 (intervention = 492, control = 492), mean age of 61.2 years, 73.2% female, 11.7 mean years of education and 25.0% APOE e4+. Over 4 years of follow-up, intervention participants significantly improved working memory (SWM) and their risk factor profiles as measured via the DRP (p < 0.001), indicating a significant change towards lower dementia risk. Intervention and control participants were similar on socioeconomic status, location of residence, p-tau and APOE e4 presence, however Campus participants displayed a significantly higher proportion of prior university study completion (76.0%) than controls (60.0%). Intervention participants enrolled in a variety of university degrees, the most common were Diploma of Family History (n = 103, 20.9%), Diploma of Arts (n = 74, 15.0%) and Diploma of Fine Arts (n = 52, 10.5%).

Discussion

ISLAND Campus has shown how free later-life university education was associated with improvements in modifiable dementia risk factors over time and cognition. Given opt-in intervention participants were significantly more likely to have a prior university education, later life formal educational interventions should be targeted at individuals with lower prior education.
Research hotspots and trends of neuroimaging in social anxiety: a CiteSpace bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science and Scopus database
Authors: Zhang Peng , Zhang Jianing , Wang Mingliang , Feng Shuyuan , Yuan Yuqing , Ding Lin
Published: December 2024

Background

This study focused on the research hotspots and development trends of the neuroimaging of social anxiety (SA) in the past 25 years.

Methods

We selected 1,305 studies on SA neuroimaging from the Web of Science and Scopus from January 1998 to December 2023. CiteSpace was used to analyze the number of published articles visually, cited references, cooperation among authors and institutions, co-occurrence of keywords, clustering of keywords, burst of keywords, and time zone of co-occurring keywords.

Results

A total of 1,305 articles were included, and the annual number of articles published over nearly 25 years showed the overall trend is on the rise. The analysis of author and institutional collaboration reveals that most authors collaborate closely. Among them, the team led by Pine, Daniel S published 59 articles, making it the most central team. Harvard University is identified as the most central institution in this network. The research hotspots can be categorized into four areas: research techniques, cognitive processing research areas, core brain regions and brain networks, and the neural predictors of treatment outcomes in SA. The most recent burst keywords are “cognitive behavioral therapy,” “systematic review,” “machine learning,” “major clinical study,” “transcranial direct current stimulation,” “depression,” and “outcome assessment,” which provided clues on research frontiers. Based on the burst map and keyword time zone map, it appears that exploring the activity of brain regions involved in cognitive processing, such as face processing and attentional bias, as well as the comorbidity of SA and depression, through brain imaging technology, using brain signals as predictors of treatment outcomes in SA.

Conclusion

This study conducted a comprehensive, objective, and visual analysis of publications, and revealed hot topics and trends concerning the study of the brain mechanism of SA from 1998 to 2023. This work might assist researchers in identifying new insights on potential collaborators and institutions, hot topics, and research directions.
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor promotes regeneration of severed facial nerve in rats
Authors: Fujimaki Yoko , Kondo Kenji , Nishijima Hironobu , Kikuta Shu , Yamasoba Tatsuya
Published: December 2024

Background and aim

The administration of growth and neurotrophic factors has been attempted experimentally as a new therapeutic strategy for severe facial paralysis. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) has an effect on the treatment of central nervous system injuries, such as cerebral infarction and spinal cord injury. This study aimed at examining the effects of G-CSF on facial nerve regeneration in rats.

Methods

The left facial nerve of rats was either partially resected (resection group) or severed and sutured (suture group) at the main trunk outside the temporal bone. In each surgical group, saline or G-CSF was administered via the gelatin hydrogel drug delivery system. The suture group was further divided into two subgroups for the late administration of G-CSF (2 weeks after surgical treatment) or immediate administration of G-CSF after surgical treatment. Recovery of the facial nerve was assessed by the evaluation of facial movements (after 12 weeks), complex muscle action potential amplitude measurements (after 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks), electroneurography values (after 12 weeks), and histological evaluation (comparison of myelinated axon diameters among the groups).

Results

Recovery of the function and morphology of damaged nerves was faster in the suture groups than in the resection group. In the suture groups, recovery was faster for G-CSF-treated rats than for saline-treated rats. Furthermore, recovery was faster in the group that received G-CSF immediately after surgical treatment than in the group that received G-CSF 2 weeks later. However, the group that received G-CSF 2 weeks later also showed faster recovery than did the control group.

Conclusion

G-CSF effectively promoted nerve regeneration during facial nerve paralysis. Thus, G-CSF may be a potential treatment strategy for injured facial nerves as it has been safely administered in clinical treatments for hematological diseases.
Antioxidants in neuropsychiatric disorder prevention: neuroprotection, synaptic regulation, microglia modulation, and neurotrophic effects
Authors: Liu Fangfei , Bai Qianqian , Tang Wenchao , Zhang Shumin , Guo Yan , Pan Shunji , Ma Xiaoyu , Yang Yanhui , Fan Hua
Published: December 2024

Oxidative stress, caused by an imbalance between the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s intrinsic antioxidant defenses, plays a critical role in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Huntington’s. Beyond these conditions, recent evidence indicates that dysregulated redox balance is implicated in neuropsychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and anxiety disorders. Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the potential of antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine, sulforaphane, alpha-lipoic acid, L-carnitine, ascorbic acid, selenocompounds, flavones and zinc, in alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms by mitigating excitotoxicity, enhancing synaptic plasticity, reducing microglial overactivation and promoting synaptogenesis. This review explores the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders. It provides an overview of the current evidence on antioxidant therapy’s pharmacological effects, as demonstrated in animal models and clinical studies. It also discusses the underlying mechanisms and future directions for developing antioxidant-based adjuvant therapies. Given the limitations and side effects of existing treatments for neuropsychiatric disorders, antioxidant therapy presents a promising, safer alternative. Further research is essential to deepen our understanding and investigate the clinical efficacy and mechanisms underlying these therapies.