bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Weathering and aging of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in soil increases toxicity to potworm Enchytraeus crypticus
Authors: Kuperman Roman G. , Checkai Ronald T. , Simini Michael , Phillips Carlton T. , Kolakowski Jan E. , Kurnas Carl W.
Published: October 2005

Energetic materials are employed in a wide range of commercial and military activities and often are released into the environment. Scientifically based ecological soil-screening levels (Eco-SSLs) are needed to identify contaminant explosive levels in soil that present an acceptable ecological risk. Insufficient information for 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) to generate Eco-SSLs for soil invertebrates necessitated toxicity testing. We adapted the standardized Enchytraeid Reproduction Test and selected Enchytraeus crypticus for these studies. Tests were conducted in Sassafras sandy loam soil, which supports relatively high bioavailability of TNT. Weathering and aging procedures for TNT amended to test soil were incorporated into the study design to produce toxicity data that better reflect the soil exposure conditions in the field compared with toxicity in freshly amended soils. This included exposing hydrated TNT-amended soils in open glass containers in the greenhouse to alternating wetting and drying cycles. Definitive tests showed that toxicity for E. crypticus adult survival and juvenile production was increased significantly in weathered and aged soil treatments compared with toxicity in freshly amended soil based on 95% confidence intervals. The median effect concentration and 20% effective concentration for reproduction were 98 and 77 mg/kg, respectively, for TNT freshly amended into soil and 48 and 37 mg/kg, respectively, for weathered and aged TNT soil treatments. These findings of increased toxicity to E. crypticus in weathered and aged TNT soil treatments compared with exposures in freshly amended soils show that future investigations should include a weathering and aging component to generate toxicity data that provide more complete information on ecotoxicological effects of energetic contaminants in soil.
Effects of long-chain hydrocarbon-polluted sediment on freshwater macroinvertebrates
Authors: Pettigrove Vincent , Hoffmann Ary
Published: October 2005

High-molecular weight (>C16) hydrocarbons (HMWHs) are common pollutants in sediments of freshwater systems, particularly urban water bodies. No sediment quality guidelines exist for total hydrocarbons; more emphasis is placed on polyaromatic hydrocarbons, the most toxic component of hydrocarbons. A field-based microcosm experiment was conducted to determine whether unpolluted sediments spiked with synthetic motor oil impair freshwater macroinvertebrate assemblages. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of 860 mg/kg dry weight significantly increased the abundance of Polypedilum vespertinus and Cricotopus albitarsis and decreased the abundance of Paratanytarsus grimmii adults (all Chironomidae), whereas TPH concentrations ranging from 1,858 to 14,266 mg/kg produced a significant reduction in the total numbers of taxa and abundance, with significant declines in the abundance of nine chironomid taxa. About 28% of water bodies surveyed in urban Melbourne, Australia, had TPH concentrations in sediments likely to cause ecological impairment, and about 14% of the water bodies surveyed are likely to have reduced species richness and abundance. Therefore, HMWHs can be a significant pollutant in urban water bodies. Freshwater sediment quality guidelines should be developed for this ubiquitous urban pollutant.
Low hepatic ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase activity correlates with high organochlorine concentrations in Atlantic tomcod from the Canadian east coast
Authors: Couillard Catherine M. , Lebeuf Michel , Ikonomou Michael G. , Poirier Guy G. , Cretney Walter J.
Published: October 2005

A suppression of hepatic ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD) activity was reported recently in large-sized Atlantic tomcod (Microgadus tomcod) from the St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE; QC, Canada), possibly related to chronic exposure to persistent contaminants and/or to emaciation. In the present study, hepatic concentrations of organochlorine contaminants and biological responses were measured in female tomcods from three estuaries located on the Canadian east coast: The SLE, the Miramichi (ME), and the Richibucto (RE) Rivers Estuaries (NB, Canada). Tomcods from the SLE had higher hepatic concentrations of organochlorine contaminants than tomcods from the ME and RE. For example, concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, lipid wt) were 2.5 to 4 times higher, and concentrations of mirex and chlordanes were 6 times higher, in tomcods from the SLE than in tomcods from the other sites. Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) metabolites in the bile did not differ among sites. The pattern of biological responses differed markedly between the SLE and the two other sites. Tomcods from the SLE had 1.5 times higher concentrations of DNA adducts and 2 times higher rates of hepatocellular proliferation, but 20 times lower hepatic EROD activity, than tomcods from the ME and RE. Lipid content was not correlated with EROD activity, indicating that low hepatic lipid content alone does not cause suppression of EROD activity in Atlantic tomcod. In contrast, for the three sites combined, EROD activity decreased as concentrations of PCBs increased. Within sites, hepatic PCB concentrations increased as lipid content decreased. This study supports the hypothesis that low EROD activity in SLE tomcods is related to chronic exposure to organochlorine contaminants.
Sorption and degradation of estrogen-like-endocrine disrupting chemicals in soil
Authors: Ying Guang-Guo , Kookana Rai S.
Published: October 2005

Studies were undertaken to assess sorption of seven endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely, estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 17α-ethynylestradiol (EE2), bisphenol A (BPA), 4-tert-octyl phenol (4-t-OP), and 4-n-nonyl phenol (4-n-NP) on four soils (from sandy to clay soil) with different physicochemical properties and biodegradation of five EDCs (BPA, E2, EE2, 4-t-OP, and 4-n-NP) in a loam soil associated with wastewater reuse. We also characterized the biotransformation of E2 to E1 in the loam soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Sorption test using a batch equilibrium method demonstrated that alkylphenols (4-t-OP and 4-n-NP) had the strongest sorption onto soils, followed by estrogens (EE2, E2, E1, E3) and BPA. This laboratory study showed that all five EDCs, including the degradation product E1, were degraded rapidly in the soil within 7 d under aerobic conditions. However, under anaerobic conditions in the soil, little or no degradation of the five EDCs was noted except for E2, which showed slow degradation during the 70-d study. The calculated half-lives for E2 under anaerobic conditions were 24 d in the soil. Estradiol was found to be biotransformed to E1 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The study suggested that the five EDCs as well as E1, which may be present in reclaimed wastewater, would not persist in well-aerated soil. But these EDCs persisting in anaerobic soil may affect soil and groundwater quality and ecosystem.
Mechanism of Mitochondrial Uncouplers, Inhibitors, and Toxins: Focus on Electron Transfer, Free Radicals, and Structure -Activity Relationships
Authors: Kovacic Peter , Pozos Robert S. , Somanathan Ratnasamy , Shangari Nandita , O'Brien Peter J.
Published: October 2005

The biology of the mitochondrial electron transport chain is summarized. Our approach to the mechanism of uncouplers, inhibitors, and toxins is based on electron transfer (ET) and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Extensive supporting evidence, which is broadly applicable, is cited. ROS can be generated either endogenously or exogenously. Generally, the reactive entities arise via redox cycling by ET functionalities, such as, quinones (or precursors), metal compounds, imines (or iminiums), and aromatic nitro compounds (or reduced metabolites). In most cases, the ET functions are formed metabolically. The toxic substances belong to many categories, e.g., medicinals, industrial chemicals, abused drugs, and pesticides. Structure-activity relationships are presented from the ET-ROS perspective, and also quantitatively. Evidence for the theoretical framework is provided by the protective effect of antioxidants. Among other topics addressed are proton flux, membrane pores, and apoptosis. There is support for the thesis that mitochondrial insult may contribute to illnesses and aging.
Current Status of Malaria Control
Authors: Tripathi R. P. , Mishra R. C. , Dwivedi N. , Tewari N. , Verma S. S.
Published: October 2005

Malaria caused by Plasmodium parasites kills approximately 1-3 million people and causes disease in 300-500 million people annually throughout the world. The current approaches to curtail this disease include vector control, vaccination, immunotherapy and chemotherapy. The vector control is achieved by reducing vector density, interrupting their life cycle, and creating a barrier between the human host and mosquitoes. A number of vaccine candidates are being clinically tried and R effort in this direction is coming in a big way. Currently there are only limited safe drugs for the treatment of this disease, however, reports of emerging resistance against existing drugs warrant the introduction of new drugs, which are unlikely to come from pharmaceutical industries because of limited commercial opportunities. One of the most important current approaches to develop new drugs involves the synthesis of chemical libraries and evaluate them against most validated biochemical targets of malarial parasite. Although a number of such targets in antimalarial drug development are known today, yet only validated and selective biochemical targets including mitochondrial transport, glycolic pathway, folate pathway, proteases and heme metabolism, apicoplast metabolism, glycophospatidyl inositol, lipid metabolism (glycerophospholipids), peptidyl deformylase and oxidative stress in parasite-infected erythrocytes have been discussed here. The well known antimalarial drugs and different drug combinations for the treatment of malaria are also briefly reviewed. A survey of the recently discovered new molecules active against malaria has also been narrated. Lastly, the future of malaria chemotherapy and new directions emerging from literature has been elucidated.
Keeping Up to Date with Advanced Functional Materials
Authors: Grieve K.
Published: September 2005

Advanced Functional Materials is receiving manuscript submissions at an ever‐increasing rate and evolving as a result. These changes and general trends are presented.
Cover Picture: TiO2 Nanoparticle–Photopolymer Composites for Volume Holographic Recording (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2005)
Authors: Sánchez C. , Escuti M. J. , van Heesch C. , Bastiaansen C. W. M. , Broer D. J. , Loos J. , Nussbaumer R.
Published: September 2005

TiO2 nanoparticle–photopolymer composites have been employed for volume holographic recording, as reported by Sánchez and co‐workers on p. 1623. Photoinduced segregation of the high refractive index, grafted nanoparticles between polymer‐rich areas leads to improved refractive‐index modulation amplitudes with respect to the base material without nanoparticles. The cover schematically shows a holographic grating registered in this nanocomposite material. These nanocomposite materials should enable the production of holographic optical elements to efficiently control light with angle and wavelength selectivity. This could be used, for example, in liquid‐crystal display technology.

A new and efficient photopolymer for the recording of volume holograms is presented. The material comprises a mixture of UV‐sensitive acrylates and grafted titanium dioxide nanoparticles with an average size of 4 nm. We report the formation of holographic gratings with refractive‐index modulation amplitudes of up to 15.5 × 10–3—an improvement of more than a factor of four over the base material without nanoparticles—while maintaining a low level of scattering and a high transparency in the visible‐wavelength range. The influence of the composition of the acrylate system on the final properties of the holographic material is also investigated and discussed. The presence of multifunctional monomers favors the compositional segregation of the different components, while the addition of monofunctional acrylate, highly compatible with the grafting of the nanoparticles, favors the dilution of these nanoparticles.
Inside Front Cover: Observation of a Chiral Smectic Phase in Azobenzene‐Linked Bolaamphiphiles Containing Free Sugars (Adv. Funct. Mater. 10/2005)
Authors: Abraham S. , Paul S. , Narayan G. , Prasad S. K. , Rao D. S. S. , Jayaraman N. , Das S.
Published: September 2005

A chiral liquid‐crystalline phase is reported for the first time in sugar‐based mesogens containing free hydroxyl groups by Jayaraman, Das, and co‐workers. Earlier reports have shown that hydrogen‐bonding networks between hydroxyl groups in mesogenic sugars usually result in the manifestation of achiral smectic and columnar phases. The results reported on p. 1579 indicate that the manifestation of smectic C* phases in sugar‐based bolaamphiphiles depends critically on the length of the methylene spacers and the presence of the azobenzene chromophore.

Amphiphilic sugars exhibit both lyotropic and thermotropic liquid‐crystalline behavior. Interestingly, in spite of the abundance of chiral centers in amphiphilic sugars, their liquid‐crystalline phases do not exhibit macroscopic chirality. Herein, we report on the first observation of macroscopic chirality in sugar‐based bolaamphiphiles containing free hydroxyl groups. The manifestation of the chiral smectic C* phase in these bolaamphiphiles has been observed to be critically dependent on the presence of the azobenzene moiety and the suitable length of the methylene spacer. These results imply that by suitable selection of linker groups, mesogenic bolaamphiphiles possessing macroscopic chirality can be designed using a variety of naturally available sugar derivatives.
Moving transversal hot zones in adiabatic, shallow packed‐bed reactors
Authors: Viswanathan Ganesh A , Luss Dan
Published: September 2005

Transversal hot zones have been observed in industrial and laboratory packed‐bed reactors. Yet, previous modeling attempts failed to predict them without making the unrealistic assumption that the transversal heat dispersion exceeds that of the reactants. It is shown that the formation of transversal hot zones in a uniformly active catalytic reactor is strongly dependent on the reaction kinetics. For example, transversal spatiotemporal concentration and temperature patterns can be predicted to form in a shallow adiabatic packed‐bed reactor using realistic parameters for a catalytic reaction, the rate of which may oscillate under constant ambient conditions. Various experimentally tested rate expressions, such as those describing the oxidation of CO, exhibit this feature. A large number of different types of stable, transversal patterns may form for a sufficiently large reactor diameter, most of which do not exhibit azimuthal symmetry. Surprisingly, the time‐averaged effluent reactant concentration and the period of the different spatiotemporal patterns are rather similar and close to those obtained under a uniform oscillating state. A systematic procedure is presented for finding the initial conditions leading to formation of the different patterns. Numerical simulations show that, because of their homoclinic features, the spatiotemporal patterns have a long period (order of hours), in agreement with various reported laboratory experiments. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Quantitative comparison of alternative control schemes for air‐cooled condensers
Authors: Luyben William L.
Published: September 2005

Air‐cooled heat exchangers present unique control problems because they are more sensitive to ambient disturbances than water‐cooled heat exchangers. Each of the several alternative methods for manipulating heat removal has some disadvantages. The obvious choice of manipulating the flow rate of the air is mechanically difficult. This investigation compares three alternative process and control structures for controlling pressure in a distillation column with an air‐cooled condenser: manipulating air flow (fan speed, louver opening, or blade pitch), throttling a control valve in the overhead vapor line, or bypassing vapor around the condenser. Results show that direct manipulation of air flow rate is slower than other methods, and the deviations in column pressure are larger. Overhead vapor throttling gives good control of column pressure, provided the nonlinearity of the butterfly valve is taken into account and the dynamics of the large valve are not too slow. However, reflux‐drum pressure and temperature vary drastically. This necessitates the use of a high‐head reflux pump and results in varying degrees of subcooling, which affect the separation in the column. Hot‐vapor bypassing, using two control valves (one in a vapor bypass line controlling reflux drum pressure and one in the vapor line to the condenser controlling column pressure), provides effective pressure control and lessens the variability in reflux‐drum temperature. However, more condenser area is required and the plumbing must be correct so that hydraulic problems do not occur. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Reverse osmosis of nonaqueous solutions through porous silica‐zirconia membranes
Authors: Tsuru Toshinori , Miyawaki Masashi , Yoshioka Tomohisa , Asaeda Masashi
Published: September 2005

Porous silica‐zirconia membranes with pore diameters from 0.8 to 2 nm were prepared by a sol‐gel process, and applied to the separation of alcohols (hexanol, octanol, decanol) and alkanes (hexane, decane, tetradecane) in ethanol solutions by reverse osmosis over the temperature range from 25 to 60° C. A silica‐zirconia membrane with a pore diameter of 1 nm showed a molecular weight‐cut‐off (MWCO) of 200 in ethanol solutions. Rejection increased with the applied pressure, for both alcohol and alkane solutes. However, the rejection of alcohols was found to decrease with temperature, while that for alkanes remained nearly constant. The separation characteristics were examined for the following membrane parameters: solvent permeability, Lp, reflection coefficient, σ, and solute permeability, P, based on the Spiegler‐Kedem equation. The viscosity of solutions and the diffusivity of alkanes and alcohol solutes in nano‐sized pores were found to show a larger temperature dependency than in bulk. The diffusivity of alkane solutes showed the same temperature dependency as the viscosity of ethanol in nano‐sized pores, while the diffusivity of alcohol solutes showed a larger temperature dependency than the viscosity of ethanol, probably because of a larger interaction between alcohol solutes and the hydrophilic surface of silica‐zirconia membranes. Diffusion experiments were carried out to confirm the temperature dependency of the diffusivities in nano‐sized pores. A bilayer model verified that solute permeabilities by reverse osmosis and diffusion experiments were consistent with each other. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Determination of distillation regions for non‐ideal ternary mixtures
Authors: Krolikowski Lechoslaw J.
Published: September 2005

This work concerns the determination of distillation boundaries. This is done comprehensively, using a bifurcation study for a single feed column. The approach used is to track all of the pinch points of rectifying and stripping profiles, mapping the branches of solutions and checking for a “jump” of composition profiles at bifurcation points. The main result is a systematic and exact method of selecting appropriate pairs of boundaries for a given type of column, which demarcate distillation regions. The distillation regions overlap. The common area of two distillation regions is parametrically sensitive, and it determines the possibilities of crossing (at a finite reflux) the distillation boundaries defined for a total reflux or reboil ratio. However, such columns may be difficult to start up and control. An algorithm determining the distillation regions, which takes into account properties of distillation boundaries, has been formulated. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Physical workload, work intensification, and prevalence of pain in low wage workers: Results from a participatory research project with hotel room cleaners in Las Vegas
Authors: Krause Niklas , Scherzer Teresa , Rugulies Reiner
Published: September 2005

Background

Occupational injury rates among hotel workers exceed the national service sector average. This study assesses the prevalence of back and neck pain, and its associations with physical workload, ergonomic problems, and increasing work demands.

Methods

Nine hundred forty‐one unionized hotel room cleaners completed a survey about health and working conditions. Associations between job demands and pain were determined by logistic regression models adjusting for individual characteristics, cumulative work demands, care‐taking responsibilities at home, and psychosocial job factors.

Results

The 1‐month prevalence of severe bodily pain was 47% in general, 43% for neck, 59% for upper back, and 63% for low back pain. Workers in the highest exposure quartiles for physical workload and ergonomic problems were between 3.24 and 5.42 times more likely to report severe pain than workers in the lowest quartile. Adjusted odds ratios for work intensification ranged from 1.74 (upper back) to 2.33 (neck).

Conclusions

Most room cleaners experience severe back or neck pain. Severe pain showed strong associations with physical workload, work intensification, and ergonomic problems. Am. J. Ind. Med. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
New mutations in protein kinase Cγ associated with spinocerebellar ataxia type 14
Authors: Klebe Stephan , Durr Alexandra , Rentschler Alexander , Hahn‐Barma Valerie , Abele Michael , Bouslam Naima , Schöls Ludger , Jedynak Pierre , Forlani Sylvie , Denis Elodie , Dussert Christel , Agid Yves , Bauer Peter , Globas Christoph , Wüllner Ullrich , Brice Alexis , Riess Olaf , Stevanin Giovanni
Published: September 2005

Autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxias (ADCA) are a heterogeneous group of neurological disorders. Point mutations in the gene encoding protein kinase Cγ (PRKCG) are responsible for spinocerebellar ataxia 14 (SCA14). We screened for mutations in the PRKCG gene, in a large series of 284 ADCA index cases, mostly French (n=204) and German (n=48), in whom CAG repeat expansions in the known SCA genes were previously excluded. Six mutations were found that segregated with the disease and were not detected on 560 control chromosomes, including F643L (exon 18), already reported in another French kindred. Five new missense mutations were identified in exons 4 (C114Y/G123R/G123E), 10 (G360S) and 18 (V692G). All but one (V692G) were located in highly conserved regions of the regulatory or catalytic domains of the protein. All six SCA14 families were French and there was no evidence of reduced penetrance. The phenotype consisted in a very slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with a mean age at onset of 33.5±14.2 years (range 15 to 60 years), occasionally associated with executive dysfunction, myoclonus, myorythmia, tremor or decreased vibration sense. SCA14 represented only 1.5% (7/454) of French ADCA families but none of the German families. It should, however, be considered in patients with slowly progressive ADCA, particularly when myoclonus and cognitive impairment are present. Ann Neurol 2005
Organization and evolution of the avian forebrain
Authors: Reiner Anton , Yamamoto Kei , Karten Harvey J.
Published: October 2005

Early 20th‐century comparative anatomists regarded the avian telencephalon as largely consisting of a hypertrophied basal ganglia, with thalamotelencephalic circuitry thus being taken to be akin to thalamostriatal circuitry in mammals. Although this view has been disproved for more than 40 years, only with the recent replacement of the old telencephalic terminology that perpetuated this view by a new terminology reflecting more accurate understanding of avian brain organization has the modern view of avian forebrain organization begun to become more widely appreciated. The modern view, reviewed in the present article, recognizes that the avian basal ganglia occupies no more of the telencephalon than is typically the case in mammals, and that it plays a role in motor control and motor learning as in mammals. Moreover, the vast majority of the telencephalon in birds is pallial in nature and, as true of cerebral cortex in mammals, provides the substrate for the substantial perceptual and cognitive abilities evident among birds. While the evolutionary relationship of the pallium of the avian telencephalon and its thalamic input to mammalian cerebral cortex and its thalamic input remains a topic of intense interest, the evidence currently favors the view that they had a common origin from forerunners in the stem amniotes ancestral to birds and mammals. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
X‐ray Diffraction and Solid‐State NMR Studies of a Germanium Binuclear Complex
Authors: Mafra Luís , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Shi Fa‐Nian , Rocha João , Trindade Tito , Fernandez Christian , Makal Anna , Wozniak Krzysztof , Klinowski Jacek
Published: September 2005

A compound formulated as (C4H12N2)[Ge2(pmida)2(OH)2]⋅4 H2O (where pmida4−=N‐(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetate and C4H12N22+=piperazinedium cation), containing the anionic [Ge2(pmida)2(OH)2]2− complex, has been synthesised by the hydrothermal approach and its structure determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Several high‐resolution solid‐state magic‐angle spinning (MAS) NMR techniques, in particular two‐dimensional 1H–X(13C,31P) heteronuclear correlation (HETCOR) and 1H–1H homonuclear correlation (HOMCOR) experiments incorporating a frequency‐switched Lee–Goldburg (FS‐LG) decoupling scheme, have been employed for the first time in such a material. Using these tools in tandem affords an excellent general approach to study the structure of other inorganic–organic hybrids. We assigned the NMR resonances with the help of C⋅⋅⋅H and P⋅⋅⋅H internuclear distances obtained through systematic statistical analyses of the crystallographic data. The compound was further characterised by powder X‐ray diffraction techniques, IR and Raman spectroscopy, and by elemental and thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry).
Preparation and Functionalization of Multilayer Fullerenes (Carbon Nano‐Onions)
Authors: Rettenbacher Arno S. , Elliott Bevan , Hudson Joan S. , Amirkhanian Armen , Echegoyen Luis
Published: September 2005

Carbon nano‐onions (CNOs) represent a still largely unexplored carbon allotrope. Promising properties of these unique carbon structures are driving the research efforts in this area, but many technical problems remain in their preparation, derivatization, separation and characterization. In this article, we report the preparation, partial purification, and multiple functionalization and solubilization of CNOs. With only one priorly published short communication1 describing CNO functionalization, the present work is the most comprehensive description of CNO functionalization and characterization to date.
Heteroatom‐Guided Torquoselective Olefination of α‐Oxy and α‐Amino Ketones via Ynolates
Authors: Shindo Mitsuru , Yoshikawa Takashi , Itou Yasuaki , Mori Seiji , Nishii Takeshi , Shishido Kozo
Published: September 2005

Ynolates were found to react with α‐alkoxy‐, α‐siloxy‐, and α‐aryloxyketones at room temperature to afford tetrasubstituted olefins with high Z selectivity. Since the geometrical selectivity was determined in the ring opening of the β‐lactone enolate intermediates, the torquoselectivity was controlled by the ethereal oxygen atoms. From experimental and theoretical studies, the high Z selectivity is induced by orbital and steric interactions rather than by chelation. In a similar manner, α‐dialkylamino ketones provided olefins with excellent Z selectivity. These products can be easily converted into multisubstituted butenolides and γ‐butyrolactams in good yield.
Acyclic Chiral Amines and Amino Acids as Inexpensive and Readily Tunable Catalysts for the Direct Asymmetric Three‐Component Mannich Reaction
Authors: Ibrahem Ismail , Zou Weibiao , Engqvist Magnus , Xu Yongmei , Córdova Armando
Published: September 2005

The direct three‐component asymmetric Mannich reaction catalyzed by acyclic chiral amines or amino acids is presented. Simple acyclic chiral amines and amino acids—such as alanine–tetrazole (9), alanine, valine, and serine—catalyzed the three‐component asymmetric Mannich reactions between unmodified ketones, p‐anisidine, and aldehydes with high chemo‐ and stereoselectivity, furnishing the corresponding Mannich bases with up to >99 % ee. This study demonstrates that the whole range of amino acids in nature, as well as nonproteogenic amino acid derivatives, can be considered in the design and tuning of novel, inexpensive organocatalysts for the direct asymmetric Mannich reaction.
Structural and Electronic Properties of Li2B4O7
Authors: Islam Mazharul M. , Maslyuk Volodymyr V. , Bredow Thomas , Minot Christian
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Superstructure for the BaAl4‐Structure Type: An Experimental and Theoretical Study of La2NiAl7.
Authors: Gout Delphine , Barker Timothy J. , Gourdon Olivier , Miller Gordon J.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Missing Links in Known Series: The Oxoferrates(III) Rb8[Fe2O7], Rb6[Fe2O6], and K4[Fe2O5].
Authors: Frisch Gero , Roehr Caroline
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Structures of ζ and ζ′ Phases in the Ag—Ga System.
Authors: Zhang Y. , Liu Q. L. , Li J. B. , Liang J. K. , Luo J. , Liu F. S. , Xiao Y. G. , Rao G. H.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structures of the LnCuPbS3 (Ln: Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu) Compounds.
Authors: Gulay L. D. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Wolcyrz M. , Stepien‐Damm J.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Solid‐State NMR Method for Solution of Zeolite Crystal Structures.
Authors: Brouwer Darren H. , Darton Richard J. , Morris Russell E. , Levitt Malcolm H.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electroresistive Effect in Slightly Oxygen Deficient Nd0.7Sr0.3MnO3‐δ Ceramic.
Authors: Morchshakov V. , Yang C. P. , Troyanchuk I. O. , Baerner K.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Relations in the Ag2S—CdS—SnS2 System and the Crystal Structure of the Compounds.
Authors: Parasyuk O. V. , Olekseyuk I. D. , Piskach L. V. , Volkov S. V. , Pekhnyo V. I.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Porous MoS2 Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis.
Authors: Skrabalak Sara E. , Suslick Kenneth S.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[P3N3F5NS(O)Cl]‐ and [{P4N4F6(NS(Cl)N)}2] 2‐, the First Chloro Imino‐ and Chloro Bis(imino)sulfinates.
Authors: Kingston Melanie , Lork Enno , Viets Detlef , Watson Paul G. , Mews Ruediger
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Alkaline Earth Metal Poly(hydrogen fluorides) Hexafluoroarsenates(V) and Hexafluorophosphate(V): M2(H2F3)(HF2)2 (AF6) (M: Ca, A: As; M: Sr, A: As, P).
Authors: Tramsek Melita , Tavcar Gasper , Bunic Tina , Benkic Primoz , Zemva Boris
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic Properties of Am(IO3)3 and the Photoluminescence Behavior of Cm(IO3)3.
Authors: Sykora Richard E. , Assefa Zerihun , Haire Richard G.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cu(II)—Aza(bisoxazoline)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Benzoylations.
Authors: Gissibl Anja , Finn M. G. , Reiser Oliver
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polymer‐Supported β‐Amino Thioesters as Catalysts for the Enantioselective Addition of Diethylzinc to Aldehydes.
Authors: Eriksen Heidi S. , Oyaga Sandra Coates , Sherrington David C. , Gibson Colin L.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Henry Reactions under Dual Lewis Acid/Amine Catalysis Using Chiral Amino Alcohol Ligands.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Oiarbide Mikel , Laso Antonio
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metal Cation‐Exchanged Montmorillonite‐Catalyzed Addition of Organic Disulfides to Alkenes.
Authors: Nishimura Takahiro , Yoshinaka Tomoaki , Uemura Sakae
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative Insertion of Electrophiles.
Authors: Wang Chao , Tunge Jon A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ethyl Diazoacetate in Catalytic Reactions with Imides: Experimental and Calculation Data.
Authors: Nikolaev Vs. V. , Hennig L. , Croft A. K. , Schulze B. , Kostikov R. R. , Nikolaev V. A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ni(II)‐Catalyzed Conia‐Ene Reaction of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds with Alkynes.
Authors: Gao Qiang , Zheng Bao‐Fu , Li Jin‐Heng , Yang Dan
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Fused Bicyclo[3.2.2]nonenones.
Authors: Jiang Xinglong , Prasad Kapa , Repic Oljan
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Reproducibility Across Microwave Instruments: Preparation of a Set of 24 Compounds on a Multiwell Plate under Temperature‐Controlled Conditions.
Authors: Alcazar Jesus
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enaminones in the Synthesis of Heterocycles by Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Al‐Shiekh Mariam A.
Published: September 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Microreactor for Microwave‐Assisted Capillary (Continuous Flow) Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Comer Eamon , Organ Michael G.
Published: September 2005

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Preparation of Polystyrene‐Supported Soluble Palladacycle Catalyst for Heck and Suzuki Reactions.
Authors: Luo Fen‐Tair , Xue Cuihua , Ko Sheng‐Li , Shao Yu‐Der , Wu Chien‐Jung , Kuo Yang‐Ming
Published: September 2005

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N‐Heterocyclic Carbene‐Catalyzed Amidation of Unactivated Esters with Amino Alcohols.
Authors: Movassaghi Mohammad , Schmidt Michael A.
Published: September 2005

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A High Loading Sulfonic Acid‐Functionalized Ordered Nanoporous Silica as an Efficient and Recyclable Catalyst for Chemoselective Deprotection of tert‐Butyldimethylsilyl Ethers.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Zareyee Daryoush
Published: September 2005

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Preparation of 1‐Arylideneamino‐ and 1‐Alkylideneamino‐3‐phenoxypropan‐2‐ol N‐Oxides — A New Type of Nitrones.
Authors: Dabkowska Katarzyna , Dabrowska Paulina , Drabik Jacek , Kopczuk Dorota , Plenkiewicz Jan , Strosznajder Joanna B. , Wielechowska Monika
Published: September 2005

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DMP‐Mediated One‐Pot Oxidative Olefination of Silyl Ethers.
Authors: Deng Guisheng , Xu Baihua , Liu Chunyu
Published: September 2005

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Axial Ligand Effects: Utilization of Chiral Sulfoxide Additives for the Induction of Asymmetry in (Salen)ruthenium(II) Olefin Cyclopropanation Catalysts.
Authors: Miller Jason A. , Gross Bradley A. , Zhuravel Michael A. , Jin Wiechang , Nguyen SonBinh T.
Published: September 2005

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Cyclobutenes by Platinum‐Catalyzed Cycloisomerization Reactions of Enynes.
Authors: Fuerstner Alois , Davies Paul W. , Gress Tobias
Published: September 2005

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The Synthesis and Catalytic Application of Spacer‐Modified Diol‐Functionalized Merrifield Resins.
Authors: Dyer Philip W. , Handa Sandeep , Reeve Toby B. , Suhard Samuel
Published: September 2005

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New Synthesis of Conjugated Ethynyl Vinyl Ketones
Authors: Skornyakov Yu. V. , Lozinskaya N. A. , Proskurnina M. V. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: September 2005

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CO‐Retentive Addition Reactions of Fluorinated Acid Chlorides to Alkynes.
Authors: Kashiwabara Taigo , Kataoka Kyoko , Hua Ruimao , Shimada Shigeru , Tanaka Masato
Published: September 2005

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Copper‐Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Halides and Nitrite Salts: A Mild Ullmann‐Type Synthesis of Aromatic Nitro Compounds.
Authors: Saito Shinichi , Koizumi Yuichiro
Published: September 2005

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Direct and Indirect Reductive Amination of Aldehydes and Ketones with Solid Acid Activated Sodium Borohydride under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Cho Byung Tae , Kang Sang Kyu
Published: September 2005

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Arylation of Diarylamines Catalyzed by Ni(II)—PPh3 System.
Authors: Chen Chen , Yang Lian‐Ming
Published: September 2005

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Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Branched Baylis—Hillman Adducts via Organozinc Species.
Authors: Xue Song , He Lin , Han Kai‐Zhen , Liu Yong‐Kang , Guo Qing‐Xiang
Published: September 2005

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Programmed Assembly of Two Different Ligands with Metallic Ions: Generation of Self‐Supported Noyori‐Type Catalysts for Heterogeneous Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Ketones.
Authors: Liang Yuxue , Jing Qing , Li Xin , Shi Lei , Ding Kuiling
Published: September 2005

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Intramolecular Cycloaddition of Geminal Dichloroazomethine Ylides to Multiple Carbon—Carbon Bonds.
Authors: Khlebnikov A. F. , Voznyi I. V. , Novikov M. S. , Kostikov R. R.
Published: September 2005

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Carboxylation and Esterification of Functionalized Arylcopper Reagents.
Authors: Ebert Greg W. , Juda Wayne L. , Kosakowski Robert H. , Ma Bing , Dong Liming , Cummings Keith E. , Phelps Mwita V. B. , Mostafa Adel E. , Luo Jianyuan
Published: September 2005

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Nitroketene Acetal Chemistry. Part 3. Facile Synthesis of Nitroacetic Acid Triarylmethyl Orthoesters from 1,1‐Di(methylsulfanyl)‐2‐nitroethylene.
Authors: Rao H. Surya Prakash , Sivakumar S.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Isoaminile Mediated by Enzymes.
Authors: Antonietti Fabrizio , Brenna Elisabetta , Fuganti Claudio , Gatti Francesco G. , Giovenzana Tommaso , Grande Valentina , Malpezzi Luciana
Published: September 2005

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Convenient Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Naturally Occurring Methyl (E)‐Cinnamates.
Authors: Mahajan Rajesh P. , Patil Shamkant L. , Mali Raghao S.
Published: September 2005

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Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Chlorides with Phenylboronic Acid in Water, Using Microwave Heating with Simultaneous Cooling.
Authors: Arvela Riina K. , Leadbeater Nicholas E.
Published: September 2005

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New Reaction of Enamines with Aryldiazoacetates Catalyzed by Transition Metal Complexes.
Authors: Zhao Wei‐Jie , Yan Ming , Huang Dan , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: September 2005

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Tandem Stille/Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling of a Hetero‐Bis‐Metalated Diene. Rapid, One‐Pot Assembly of Polyene Systems.
Authors: Coleman Robert S. , Walczak Matthew C.
Published: September 2005

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The Synthesis of Novel p‐Quinone Methides: O‐Dealkylation of 5‐(p‐Alkyloxyaryl)‐10,11‐dihydrodibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten‐5‐ols and Related Compounds.
Authors: Taljaard Benjamin , Taljaard Jana H. , Imrie Christopher , Caira Mino R.
Published: September 2005

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Ring Transformation of Dimethoxybenzenes to Heterocycles by Ozonolysis.
Authors: Yoshida Yuki , Ichikawa Satoshi , Shinozuka Yuka , Satoh Mitsuru , Mohri Kunihiko , Isobe Kimiaki
Published: September 2005

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Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Diyne Hydrative Cyclization: Synthesis of Substituted 1,3‐Diene Synthons.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Huang Xiaojun
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Thienobenzofuranquinone Derivatives by Photoinduced and CAN‐Mediated [3 + 2]‐Type Cycloaddition Reaction.
Authors: Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Yoneda Keiichi , Hayashi Kazutaka , Morikawa Osamu , Konishi Hisatoshi
Published: September 2005

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Photochemical Synthesis of N‐Substituted 3‐Hydroxy‐2‐pyrrolidinones.
Authors: Obkircher Markus , Seufert Wolfgang , Giese Bernd
Published: September 2005

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Aminoalkoxybenzyl Pyrrolidines as Novel Human Urotensin‐II Receptor Antagonists.
Authors: Jin Jian , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

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Stille Carbonylation of N‐Protected Bromomethylindoles.
Authors: Mohanakrishnan Arasambattu K. , Ramesh Neelamegam
Published: September 2005

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5‐Chloro‐ and 5,7‐Dichloroisatin by Chlorination of Isatin with Trichloroisocyanuric Acid.
Authors: Ribeiro N. M. , da Silva B. V. , de Almeida Violante F. , Rezende C. M. , Pinto A. C.
Published: September 2005

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A Practical Large‐Scale Preparation of 5′‐Bromospiro(cyclohexane‐1,3′‐[3H]indol)‐2′(1′H)‐one.
Authors: Wilk Bogdan K. , Rubezhov Arkadiy , Helom Jean L. , Routel Lisa R. , Potoski John R.
Published: September 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Coupling of Pyrazole Triflates with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Dvorak Curt A. , Rudolph Dale A. , Ma Sandy , Carruthers Nicholas I.
Published: September 2005

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Identification of Antitumor Activity of Pyrazole Oxime Ethers.
Authors: Park Hyun‐Ja , Lee Kyung , Park Su‐Jin , Ahn Bangle , Lee Jong‐Cheol , Cho HeeYeong , Lee Kee‐In
Published: September 2005

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One‐Pot Three‐Component Reaction of Fluoroalkanesulfonyl Azide, Vinyl Ether and Aldehyde: The Formation of Polysubstituted Fluorinated Oxazolidines.
Authors: He Ping , Zhu Shizheng
Published: September 2005

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Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Bithiazole Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions
Authors: Hashemi M. M. , Asadollahi H. , Mostaghim R.
Published: September 2005

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A Practical Synthesis of Piperidine‐/Tropane‐Substituted 1,2,4‐Triazoles.
Authors: Price David A. , Gayton Simon , Selby Matthew D. , Ahman Jens , Haycock‐Lewandowski Sarah
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 4‐Phenyl/cyclohexyl‐5‐(1‐phenoxyethyl)‐3‐ [N‐(2‐thiazolyl)acetamido]thio‐4H‐1,2,4‐triazole Derivatives.
Authors: Turan‐Zitouni Guelhan , Kaplancikli Zafer Asim , Yildiz Mehmet Taha , Chevallet Pierre , Kaya Demet
Published: September 2005

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Enantioselective Radical Methods for Lactone Synthesis: Use of Unprotected Haloalcohols as Radical Precursors.
Authors: Sibi Mukund P. , Guerrero Miguel A.
Published: September 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of 14H‐Dibenzo[a,j]xanthene and Its 14‐Substituted Derivatives.
Authors: Khoramabadi‐zad Ahmad , Akbari Safar‐Ali , Shiri Azam , Veisi Hojat
Published: September 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Metalated Pyridines from Two Acetylenes, a Nitrile, and a Titanium(II) Alkoxide.
Authors: Tanaka Ryoichi , Yuza Akio , Watai Yuko , Suzuki Daisuke , Takayama Yuuki , Sato Fumie , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: September 2005

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A Novel Three‐Component Reaction of N‐Fluoropyridinium Salts: A Facile Approach to Imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines.
Authors: Kiselyov Alexander S.
Published: September 2005

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Regioselective Synthesis of Coumarin and Quinolone‐Annulated Spiro Heterocycles via Aryl Radical Cyclization
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Mukhopadhyay P. P. , Basu P. K.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Quinolines from Amino Alcohol and Ketones Catalyzed by [IrCl(cod)]2 or IrCl3 under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Taguchi Kazuhiko , Sakuguchi Satoshi , Ishii Yasutaka
Published: September 2005

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1,6‐ and 1,7‐Naphthyridines. Part 4. Synthesis of Hydroxycarboxamide Derivatives.
Authors: Blanco M. Mercedes , Schapira Celia B. , Levin Gustavo , Perillo Isabel A.
Published: September 2005

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A New Synthetic Approach to the Benzo[c]phenanthridine Ring System.
Authors: Kock Ilka , Clement Bernd
Published: September 2005

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Halogenation of Imidazo[4,5‐b]pyridin‐2‐one Derivatives
Authors: Yutilov Yu. M. , Lopatinskaya Kh. Ya. , Smolyar N. N. , Gres'ko S. V.
Published: September 2005

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Unexpected Formation of Polysubstituted 1‐Azabutadienes and 1,3‐Dioxanes from the Reaction of 3‐Fluoroalkyl‐3‐arylaminoacrylic Acid Esters with Formaldehyde.
Authors: Zhao Fu‐Lu , Liu Jin‐Tao
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis of Highly Substituted Pyridazines Through Alkynyl Boronic Ester Cycloaddition Reactions.
Authors: Helm Matthew D. , Moore Jane E. , Plant Andrew , Harrity Joseph P. A.
Published: September 2005

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Discovery of Pyrimidyl‐5‐hydroxamic Acids as New Potent Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors.
Authors: Angibaud Patrick , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

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A Facile Synthesis of Substituted 3‐Amino‐1H‐quinazoline‐2,4‐diones.
Authors: Tran Tuan P. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2005

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Synthesis and Neurotropic Properties of 1‐Aryl‐4‐(3′,4′,5′‐trimethoxybenzoyl)piperazines
Authors: Soboleva S. G. , Galatin A. F. , Karaseva T. L. , Golturenko A. V. , Andronati S. A.
Published: September 2005

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Optical Properties of Novel 2,3‐Dicyano‐5‐methyl‐6H‐1,4‐diazepine Dyes in the Solid State.
Authors: Horiguchi Emi , Matsumoto Shinya , Funabiki Kazumasa , Matsui Masaki
Published: September 2005

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Sequential Diastereoselective Addition of Allylic and Homoallylic Grignard Reagents to 2‐Acyl‐perhydro‐1,3‐benzoxazines and Ring‐Closing Metathesis: An Asymmetric Route to Azepin‐3‐ol and Azocin‐3‐ol Derivatives.
Authors: Pedrosa Rafael , Andres Celia , Gutierrez‐Loriente Agustin , Nieto Javier
Published: September 2005

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A Facile and Convenient Synthesis of Functionalized ortho‐Nitrophenylboronic Acids.
Authors: Collibee Scott E. , Yu Jiaxin
Published: September 2005

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Generation of Iodobenzoborirene, a Boraaromatic Cyclopropabenzene Derivative.
Authors: Bettinger Holger F.
Published: September 2005

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