bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formation Mechanisms of the Decadal Indian Ocean Dipole Driven by Remote Forcing from the Tropical Pacific
Authors: Xie Mingmei , Wu Bo , Wang Jia-Zhen , Wang Chunzai , Sun Xiubao
Published: March 2024

On decadal time scales, a zonal SST dipole dominates the tropical Indian Ocean in boreal late summer and fall, called the decadal Indian Ocean dipole (D-IOD). The D-IOD has a spatial pattern different from the traditional interannual IOD, with its eastern pole located off Java, rather than the whole Sumatra–Java coasts as the latter. Here, we show that the D-IOD is generated by both the remote tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) forcing and the decadal modulation of interannual IODs, but with its distinctive spatial pattern and seasonality mainly shaped by the former. In August–September (AS), due to the seasonal strengthening of trade winds, the descending branch of TPDV-induced Walker circulation moves westward into the eastern Indian Ocean relative to June–July, which stimulates equatorial easterly anomalies and oceanic upwelling Kelvin waves, causing subsurface cooling off Java. The subsurface cooling just occurs within the time window of climatological coastal upwelling so that subsurface cold anomalies are brought into the surface by mean upwelling and further transported offshore by mean flows, forming the D-IOD eastern pole. The subsurface cooling is only generated near Java but not Sumatra, because the former is closer to the exit of the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF). Weakened ITF during positive TPDV inhibits the growth of subsurface warming off Java prior to the establishment of AS equatorial easterly anomalies, whereas this ITF effect is not observed off Sumatra. Moreover, warming of the D-IOD western pole might be associated with off-equatorial Rossby waves induced by TPDV-related wind stress curls.

Significance Statement

The decadal Indian Ocean dipole (D-IOD) is one of the leading decadal modes of the tropical Indian Ocean SST variations. Its formation mechanisms, especially those related to its spatiotemporal characteristics, are not well understood. Based on observations and reanalysis, we show that the tropical Pacific decadal variability (TPDV) mainly accounts for the distinctive spatial pattern and seasonality of the D-IOD via the seasonal migration of the anomalous Walker circulation and ensuing oceanic subsurface dynamics. Our results highlight that the TPDV is an important source of D-IOD’s predictability, and it might be beneficial for operational decadal predictions for the tropical Indian Ocean.
Cirrhosis Increases the Rate of Failure of Nonoperative Management in Blunt Liver Injuries
Authors: Grimsley Emily A. , Lippincott Michelle , Read Meagan D. , Lorch Steven , Farach Sandra M. , Kuo Paul C. , Diaz Jose J.
Published: March 2024

Pre-existing cirrhosis is associated with increased mortality in blunt liver injury. Despite widespread use of nonoperative management (NOM) for blunt liver injury, there is a relative paucity of data regarding how pre-existing cirrhosis impacts the success of NOM. Herein, we perform a retrospective cohort study using ACS TQIP 2017-2020 data to assess the relationship between cirrhosis and failure of NOM for adult patients with blunt liver injury. 37,176 patients were included (342 cirrhosis and 36,834 without cirrhosis). After propensity-score matching, patients with pre-existing cirrhosis had higher rates of failure of NOM (32.2 vs 14.1%, p < 0.01) and in-hospital mortality (36.3 vs 10.8%, p < 0.01) than patients without cirrhosis. Hesitancy to operate on patients with pre-existing cirrhosis and trauma, as well as significant underlying coagulopathy, may explain these findings.
Ewing Sarcoma—Chest Wall Reconstruction Following Resection of Rare Primary Chest Wall Tumor
Authors: Sakharuk Ilya , McKinley Thomas , Moore Gabrielle , Miller Daniel
Published: March 2024

Ewing sarcoma (ES) represents the second most common primary osseous malignancy in children and young adults, most often occurring in the diaphysis of the long bones. While rare, ES can present as an osseous tumor of the ribs and/or chest wall. These tumors are known as Askin’s tumors and most commonly present with symptoms resembling pneumonia. We report the case of a 26-year-old man who was found to have a right lung mass extending into his anterolateral chest wall after presenting to the hospital for evaluation of unremitting chest pain. Biopsy was performed and the patient diagnosed with ES. After completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy, the patient underwent resection of the right chest wall mass. The chest wall was reconstructed in a novel fashion with titanium plates and a reinforced tissue matrix patch. Due to a paucity of cases, no treatment or reconstruction algorithm currently exists for management of these malignancies.
Injury Patterns of Electric-Scooter Related Trauma: A Systematic Review With Proportion Meta-Analysis
Authors: Spota Andrea , Granieri Stefano , Ferrario Luca , Zamburlini Beatrice , Frassini Simone , Reitano Elisa , Cioffi Stefano PB , Altomare Michele , Bini Roberto , Virdis Francesco , Chiara Osvaldo , Cimbanassi Stefania
Published: March 2024

Electric scooter (ES)-related injuries are increasing but poorly described. Clinicians need more information to be prepared for these patients. We supposed two prevalent patterns of patients: mildly injured (predominant upper-limb injuries) and severely injured (predominant head trauma). This study aims to understand the frequency of ES-related injuries and patients’ characteristics despite the heterogeneity of data currently available. A systematic review with a proportion meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a multidisciplinary description of ES-related injuries in adult patients (PROSPERO-ID: CRD42022341241). Articles from inception to April 2023 were identified in MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane’s databases. The risk of bias was evaluated using ROBINS-I. Twenty-five observational studies with 5387 patients were included in the meta-analysis, depending on reported data. Upper-limb (31.8%) and head (19.5%) injuries are the most frequent (25/25 studies included). When injured while riding, 19.5% of patients are intoxicated with drugs/alcohol, and only 3.9% use a helmet, increasing the possibility of severe injuries. About 80% of patients are victims of spontaneous falls. Half of the patients self-present to the ED, and 69.4% of cases are discharged directly from the ED. Studies’ limitations include an overall moderate risk of bias and high heterogeneity. Electric scooter-related accidents are commonly associated with upper-limb injuries but often involve the head. Spontaneous falls are the most common mechanism of injury, probably related to frequent substance abuse and helmet misuse. This hot topic is not adequately investigated due to a lack of data. A prospective registry could fill this gap.
The Effect of a Hip Fragility Pathway on Outcomes of Ground Level Falls in the Elderly
Authors: Nadaud Jack , Heidel Eric , Daley Brian , McKnight Catherine
Published: March 2024

Fragility hip fractures result from low energy mechanisms and are associated with morbidity and mortality, especially in the elderly. We examined outcomes 2 years before and after implementation of a fragility fracture program. The pathway involves emergency department clearance and admission by a medical service with orthopedic consultation. Demographics include age, gender, fracture location, injury severity score (ISS), and ASA. Outcomes include DVT/PE, mortality, disposition, non-operative rate, ICU admission, time to surgery (TTS), length of stay (LOS), and admission service. 777 patients were included (383 PRE/394 POS). POS patients were slightly younger. Trauma admission decreased and LOS and TTS increased. There were no other demographic or outcome differences. Although TTS increased, it remained under 48 hours. Length of stay increase was possibly a reflection of COVID-19. Decreased trauma admission demonstrates pathway adherence. Further studies need to be conducted to verify that quality care can be maintained after initiation of a hip fragility pathway.
Optimizing Triage Practice in Pediatric Trauma: Lessons From Under-triage and Over-triage Rates and Risk Factors
Authors: Ngo Lisa C. , Carroll Hayley M. , Massimilian Stephanie Salgueiro , Garapaty Nikitha , Palladino Kelsey , Samuels Shenae K. , Lao Oliver B. , Parreco Joshua P. , Levene Tamar
Published: March 2024

Background

Triage accuracy is essential for delivering effective trauma care, especially in the pediatric population where unique challenges exist. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors contributing to under-triage and over-triage in an urban pediatric trauma center.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included all trauma activations at an urban level 1 trauma center between January 1, 2021, and July 31, 2023 (patients <18 years old.) Patients who were under- or over-triaged were identified based on the level of trauma activation and injury severity score.

Results

There were 1094 trauma activations included in this study. The rate of under-triage was 3.8% (n = 42) and over-triage was 13.6% (n = 149). Infants aged 0-1 years had the highest rate of under-triage (10.9%, n = 19, P < .001), while those aged 11-17 had the highest rate of over-triage (17.0%, n = 82, P = .003). Non-accidental trauma was the strongest risk factor for under-triage (OR 30.2 [6.4-142.8] P < .001). Penetrating mechanism was the strongest risk factor for over-triage (OR 12.2 [5.6-26.2] P < .001).

Discussion

This study reveals the complexity of trauma triage in the pediatric population. We identified key predictive factors, such as age, comorbidities, and mechanism of injury, that can be used to refine triage practices and improve the care of pediatric trauma patients.
A Nomogram for Predicting the Risk of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke During the COVID-19
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhang Shurui , Song Ge , Zhuang Shimeng , Li Hua , An Lisi , Meng Yan , Fan Jiayu , Wang Lijuan
Published: March 2024

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is an important complication of stroke. As coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) enters the stage of persistent and long-term management, the clinical management of DVT in stroke patients may require adjustment. The present study evaluated whether there was an increased risk of DVT in stroke patients during the COVID-19 period. Furthermore, we analyzed the possible risk factors and developed an easy-to-use nomogram to predict DVT in stroke patients during the long-term management of COVID-19. A total of 7087 stroke patients during the COVID-19 period and 14,174 patients with age, sex, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores matched before the period from four centers were included. The incidence of DVT in stroke patients during the COVID-19 period (20.5%) was significantly higher than that before this period (15.9%, P < .001). Age, body mass index, smoking, D-dimer, physical activity level, NIHSS score, and intermittent pneumatic compression were significant predictors of DVT during the COVID-19 period ( P < .05). A nomogram was constructed; internal and external validations showed high accuracy, and decision curve analysis showed excellent clinical applicability. This nomogram could evaluate the risk of DVT after stroke and assist in its early prevention during the long-term management of COVID-19.
Multi-objective arterial coordination control method based on induction control and vehicle speed guidance
Authors: Deng Mingjun , Li Pengyi , Hu Xinxia , Xu Liping
Published: March 2024

The fixed green wave speed and staged statistical flow used in arterial signal coordination are not adaptable to the fluctuations in vehicle travel speed and traffic flow on roads, resulting in a mismatch between the signal scheme and the optimal green wave speed and traffic flow demand. This discrepancy negatively impacts the efficiency of intersection traffic. In traditional signal control systems, the cycle and green light timing are typically set independently. However, such a setting method poses problems in practical operation. In this paper, we combine vehicle arrival and vehicle location information, and consider the interaction of speed guidance and dynamic signal optimization to construct a model. This study is developed along the following steps: in the vehicle-road coordination environment, based on the MAXBAND model, a global coordination scheme is obtained, incorporating the speed guidance method; then, based on the vehicle saturation of the inlet lane of the arterial intersection, a multi-objective optimization model for arterial signal coordination under vehicle speed guidance is established based on global coordination with the maximum green wave bandwidth and the minimum delay of arterial vehicles, the minimum number of arterial stops and the minimum delay in the minor direction road as the optimization objectives. Based on global coordination, adopting an integrated control mechanism of cycle and green light timing allows for dynamic adjustments according to real-time traffic conditions. The improved multi-objective particle swarm algorithm is chosen to solve the model, and the simulation environment is built based on the COM interface of VISSIM software and C# platform. Three adjacent intersections of Ganjiang Middle Road in Nanchang are selected as case studies, and the methods in this paper are compared with the current timing scheme, the MAXBAND method and the optimization scheme under speed guidance only, respectively. The results show that the model proposed in this paper achieves significant optimization effects on the indicators of arterial delay, arterial stopping times and the delay of minor roads.
Information on local financial reforms and cognitive processes of citizens
Authors: Noda Yu
Published: March 2024

This study uses survey data from Kyoto citizens in Japan to examine the factors affecting citizen evaluations of local government finances. In particular, it probes whether information delivery alters citizen perceptions of government finances. In the pre-information condition, findings indicate that citizens who rate performance, compliance and respect for rights, and accessibility to government information evaluate government finances more highly. The impact of information delivery formed the focus of this inquiry, and the results confirmed the learning effect of the modification of citizen perceptions after accurate financial information was received. Those who have higher or lower prior beliefs about the government are also more likely to revise their beliefs in cases of overestimation or underestimation when provided with information based on accurate fiscal indicators. In addition, when information is provided to citizens who have low accessibility to government information, they are more likely than other citizens to improve their evaluation. This study offers key directions for the exploration of the learning effects of information delivery by local governments and recommends methods for constructing desirable relationships between citizens and governments through such efforts.

Points for practitioners

This study elucidates the learning effects of the information provided by government officials on citizens. The finding that citizens dissatisfied with their access to government information evaluate the government more highly after receiving accurate information from the government is particularly significant. In addition, citizens focus on the performance of services provision, adherence to established rules and observance of the rights granted to them.
Heterogeneous Association of Tooth Loss with Functional Limitations
Authors: Matsuyama Y. , Aida J. , Kondo K. , Shiba K.
Published: March 2024

Tooth loss is prevalent in older adults and associated with functional capacity decline. Studies on the susceptibility of some individuals to the effects of tooth loss are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the heterogeneity of the association between tooth loss and higher-level functional capacity in older Japanese individuals employing a machine learning approach. This is a prospective cohort study using the data of adults aged ≥65 y in Japan ( N = 16,553). Higher-level functional capacity, comprising instrumental independence, intellectual activity, and social role, was evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence (TMIG-IC). The scale ranged from 0 (lowest function) to 13 (highest function). Doubly robust targeted maximum likelihood estimation was used to estimate the population-average association between tooth loss (having <20 natural teeth) and TMIG-IC total score after 6 y. The heterogeneity of the association was evaluated by estimating conditional average treatment effects (CATEs) using the causal forest algorithm. The result showed that tooth loss was statistically significantly associated with lower TMIG-IC total scores (population-average effect: −0.14; 95% confidence interval, −0.18 to −0.09). The causal forest analysis revealed the heterogeneous associations between tooth loss and lower TMIG-IC total score after 6 y (median of estimated CATEs = −0.13; interquartile range = 0.12). The high-impact subgroup (i.e., individuals with estimated CATEs of the bottom 10%) were significantly more likely to be older and male, had a lower socioeconomic status, did not have a partner, and had poor health conditions compared with the low-impact subgroup (i.e., individuals with estimated CATEs of the top 10%). This study found that heterogeneity exists in the association between tooth loss and lower scores on functional capacity. Implementing tooth loss prevention policy and clinical measures, especially among vulnerable subpopulations significantly affected by tooth loss, may reduce its burden more effectively.
Toward Development of a Novel Proprioceptive Trail-Making Test: Comparing Healthy Dancers and Non-Dancers
Authors: Card Madison R. , Ryals Anthony J.
Published: March 2024

There is a pressing need for ecologically valid versions of traditional neuropsychological tests indexing executive function (EF), such as the Trail-Making Task (TMT), that incorporate movement and bodily awareness in healthy participants with varying abilities. We designed a proprioceptive version of the TMT (pTMT) that involved coordinated gross motor movement and proprioceptive awareness to investigate whether this measure of visual attention, task switching, and working memory positively correlated with a computerized version of the TMT (the dTMT). We aimed to establish the initial validity of our proprioceptive TMT (pTMT) by comparing performances on the dTMT and pTMT among a cohort of 36 healthy participants (18 dancers, 18 non-dancers; M age = 22, SD = 5.27; 64% female) anticipating that dancers would express higher intrinsic bodily awareness than non-dancers. Results revealed a mild to moderate but statistically significant positive correlation between dTMT and pTMT completion times [part A: r (36) = .33, p = .04; part B: r (36) = .37, p = .03] and numbers of errors [part B: r (36) = .41, p = .01] across both participant groups. These data suggest partial measurement convergence between these two TMT versions. Relative to non-dancers, dancers exhibited a higher level of performance (likely due to their better proprioceptive ability) through their faster completion times on dTMT-B [ t (34) = 3.81, p = .006, d = 1.27] and pTMT-B [ t (34) = 2.97, p = .005, d = .99], and their fewer errors on dTMT-B [ t (34) = 2.93, p = .006, d = 1.0]. By identifying cognitive differences between these different groups of healthy individuals, our data contribute to both a theoretical understanding and the initial development of gross motor movement-based cognitive assessments, providing a path toward the further refinement of an ecologically valid full-body TMT.
Death Anxiety in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Testing REBT Models of Psychopathology and Psychological Health of Death Anxiety
Authors: Dumitru Elisa P. , Roxana Cardoș A. I. , Oltean Horea-Radu , Bîlc Mirela I , David Daniel O.
Published: March 2024

Objective: This paper aimed to examine the validity of the death anxiety psychopathological and psychological health models of Rational-Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT). We investigated whether irrational and rational beliefs were associated with death anxiety and if there are possible significant positive correlations between death anxiety and depression, anxiety, and stress. Method: A sample of 200 individuals completed online self-report measures and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was chosen to assess the validity of the REBT psychopathological model and the REBT psychological health model. Pearson’s correlation analysis was utilized to confirm the relationships between death anxiety and depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: REBT’s model of psychopathology provide acceptable fit of the data. Results suggest that LFT beliefs mediate the relationship between DEM and death anxiety, while no mediation effect was found for the psychological health model. Additionally, high correlations were obtained between death anxiety and depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: Results provided empirical support for the REBT models of death anxiety and underline the critical importance of cognitive constructs in the prediction of death anxiety. Results are discussed within the framework of REBT theory, which can serve as a foundation for new research directions regarding death anxiety, both theoretical and clinical.
Restoring Equity for Black Youth in Urban Schools: A Scoping Review
Authors: Manigault Douglas F. , Davis Curtis
Published: March 2024

Zero tolerance policies in urban schools increased the disparities in urban school discipline for Black youth in comparison to white youth. Restorative interventions continue to be a popular response to deviant student behaviors; however, exploring the impact of restorative interventions in reducing harsh discipline on Black youth should be a continued focal point for scholars. This study used a scoping review to explore the breadth of knowledge available regarding using restorative interventions in urban schools. Five databases were used to identify relevant literature. Seven pieces of literature met the criteria for inclusion in this review. Findings revealed that restorative interventions do not have substantially positive impact on Black youth’s suspension rates; yet racial inequities in school and perceived negative thoughts about Black youth are among chief reasons Black youth are more likely suspended. Implications for future research and interventions are discussed.
Spirituality and people with psychosis: A content analysis of influential primetime television programs
Authors: Hodge David R. , Turner Patricia R.
Published: March 2024

Objective

This mixed methods study examined depictions of spirituality among people with psychosis in influential television programming. Spirituality is a central strength for many people with psychosis. Yet, despite the important role media plays in shaping perceptions, little research has examined the intersection between spirituality and psychosis in the popular media.

Methods

To address this gap, we conducted a content analysis of the 50 most viewed primetime fictional television shows over a 10-year period as determined by the Nielsen rating organization. Characters with psychosis were identified via keyword searches of online sources (Wikis, IMDb, etc.) and subsequently independently coded by two individuals. Characters were rated on 18 items in three domains related to demographics, life status, and character framing. Inter-rater reliability ranged from good to excellent across variables.

Results

Of 120 identified characters with psychosis, just 16% (n = 19) had a spiritual identity. Analysis revealed few differences between spiritual and secular characters on demographic and life status variables. Conversely, an examination of framing variables revealed spiritual characters were comparatively less attractive, exhibited a greater negative impact on society, and were more likely to be referred to pejoratively (as a psychopath) and engage in criminal activity. Trend analysis indicated portrayals of spiritual characters decreased over time.

Conclusions

The results suggest media depictions of spirituality contribute to the stigmatization of spirituality among people with psychosis, potentially preventing access to important coping resources and discouraging professional help-seeking. Primary care physicians should consider incorporating a spiritual assessment into care to determine spiritual coping assets and then support these.
The Influence of Transparency on Municipal Taxation: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Cifuentes-Faura Javier , Benito Bernardino , Guillamón María-Dolores
Published: March 2024

Local government officials are accountable to citizens, who increasingly demand more transparency given the amount of taxes they pay. This paper analyses the relationship between municipal tax revenues and transparency in Spain. Based on a sample of 141 Spanish municipalities with more than 15,000 inhabitants and applying least squares regression and instrumental variable analysis based on two-stage least squares regression, we find that the most transparent municipalities collected more global taxes. Furthermore, more municipal financing through transfers from other levels of government leads to lower taxes on construction and capital gains generated by real estate transfers.
Magnetic levitation system control research based on improved linear active disturbance rejection
Authors: Li Weichao , Fan Kuangang , Wu Ziwei
Published: March 2024

In this study, we propose an improved linear active disturbance rejection control (I-LADRC) method to achieve stable suspension of magnetic levitation balls. This method can not only solve the overshoot problem but also enhance the anti-interference capability. The control algorithm is designed, and the convergence of the control system is verified by derivation. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm, we conduct simulation experiments and analyze the dynamic performance, tracking effect, and anti-interference ability of four controllers: sliding mode control (SMC), LADRC, longitudinal error-LADRC (LE-LADRC), and I-LADRC. Simulation results show that I-LADRC outperforms SMC, LADRC, and LE-LADRC regarding tracking effect and anti-interference ability. We also experimentally verify the control performance of I-LADRC. The experimental results show that I-LADRC has strong anti-interference ability and robust performance, which is 100% and 50% higher than LADRC and LE-LADRC, and has good dynamic performance, which verifies the effectiveness of the simulation experiment, which exhibits better robustness and dynamic performance.
Lean Hypotheses and Effectual Commitments: An Integrative Framework Delineating the Methods of Science and Entrepreneurship
Authors: Sarasvathy Saras D.
Published: March 2024

Recently, there is increasing interest in building theories that offer actionable guidance to the practice of entrepreneurship. Here I present a general theoretical framework, called CAVE, for understanding, assessing, and enhancing existing tools that offer such guidance. The framework encompasses a two-dimensional space with prediction and control as its axes. The CAVE framework accommodates a wide variety of extant practical tools as well as relevant concepts from psychology and economics. Specifically, I compare and contrast effectuation with lean startup within this framework. Whereas lean startup centers around hypothesis testing, effectuation focuses on cocreative commitments from self-selecting stakeholders. In other words, the former takes markets as exogenous, while the latter explicates how they can be made endogenous and why that matters. More generally, I show how these differences connect with and delineate the scientific method from the entrepreneurial method.
Fostering Community Empowerment: A Human-Centered Approach to Designing Clean Water Solutions in a Jakarta Slum
Authors: Lubis Pierre Yohanes , Shahri Bahareh , Ramirez Mariano
Published: March 2024

This article presents a case study of the application of human-centered design (HCD) as a codesign approach to address complex problems in slum communities in Jakarta, Indonesia. Through a review of relevant literature, we examine how the HCD methodology embraces a participatory framework but retains a certain degree of control not found in pure participatory approaches. We explain why HCD was selected for this study and describe the methods used, including sort cards, solution cards, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and product usability interviews. These methods were employed to generate a solution that addressed the issue of sourcing clean water in Jakarta’s slums, which was then prototyped, tested, and implemented. The study contributes to the development of a cohesive and applicable methodology by integrating codesign and HCD in designing solutions for people at the Base of the Pyramid.
Reproductive Justice in the Hindu Balinese Compound: Community, Property and Development
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: March 2024

Building communities is one way to limit inequality in the global development process. In Indonesia, that principle can best be illustrated in the Hindu Balinese compound. But does discrimination against women, especially those of lower class and caste, fundamentally undermine the community? Feminists contend so, but what is the nature of the pressure on Balinese women? Why is this experienced? How could this discrimination be resolved? Drawing on a wider intersectional feminism, primary data from 72 people and thematic analysis, it seems both the reproductive and property rights of Balinese women are constrained. But ordinary Balinese women, activists, and intellectuals do not share the Western feminist case of dismantling communities for individual human rights. Instead, Balinese people largely advocate Hindu community alternatives, at the heart of which is strengthening the institution of ‘nyentana’. This alternative helps to decolonize “gender,” and reproductive justice, while putting the case for studying social economics a bit more in development studies.
The Politics of Development in Colombia: Accounting for the Plurality of Development Models
Authors: Garcés-Velástegui Pablo
Published: March 2024

Colombia, like other countries in the region, is undergoing a moment of self-definition. At its heart lies the issue of development. The increasing plurality of competing development models and political economies, however, complicates the discursive landscape and defies conventional approaches. To make sense of this complexity, grid group cultural theory and its typology of four irreducible, mutually exclusive, and jointly exhaustive ideal-typical worldviews is proposed. Four distinct development models are identified in Colombia’s recent experience, illustrated by neoliberalism, developmentalism, post-development alternatives such as Buen Vivir and Vivir Sabroso, and a chimera.
The Paradox of the Niger Delta: Examining the Principal Determinants of Poverty and Underdevelopment
Authors: Alakwe Kizito Ogedi
Published: March 2024

Extant literature indicates that the Niger Delta region has struggled with developmental issues for ages. Efforts by the government to tackle the perennial underdevelopment have met with failure, a situation that has necessitated the institution of diverse research to unearth the causal factors. Leveraging a combination of historical analysis and a survey involving 206 respondents, this study brings to the fore the principal drivers of poverty in the region, with mismanagement of funds and the apparent lack of citizen engagement emerging as the most significant predictors of poverty and underdevelopment. The study thus highlights the need for optimal management of financial resources and also emphasizes the centrality of citizen engagement and participatory communication in community development. The study argues that while funding is critical to development, no substantial development can occur without the active participation of the citizens, from the conceptualization to the execution of strategies and plans for development.
Physical Activity After Heart Surgery: Associations With Psychosocial and Sleep Factors
Authors: Lee Sueyeon , Quinn Lauretta , Fritschi Cynthia , Fink Anne M. , Park Chang , Reutrakul Sirimon , Collins Eileen G.
Published: March 2024

Background:

Heart surgery is an effective intervention for managing heart disease, the leading cause of death globally. After surgery, physical activity is key to improving patients’ quality of life and decreasing mortality, but patients are frequently physically inactive after heart surgery.

Objective:

This cross-sectional pilot study aimed to examine how psychosocial and sleep factors influenced physical activity in patients after heart surgery. The mediating role of sleep factors between psychosocial factors and physical activity was also examined.

Methods:

Thirty-three patients who had undergone heart surgery were recruited. Psychosocial and sleep factors and physical activity were measured using an online survey and a wrist-worn ActiGraph for 7 days and nights.

Results:

The participants had heart surgery an average of about 7 years previously. They exceeded the recommended 150 minutes per week of moderate-intensity physical activity for Americans; however, 64% of them showed poor sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index >5). Higher anxiety and depressive symptoms, lower self-efficacy, and greater sleep disturbances were associated with lower physical activity. Moreover, self-efficacy, sleep duration, sleep disturbance, sleep efficiency, and wake after sleep onset were predictors for physical activity. No mediating role of sleep factors was observed between psychosocial factors and physical activity.

Conclusions:

Psychosocial and sleep factors should be considered when developing and implementing physical activity strategies for patients after heart surgery. Researchers should examine the relationships among the study variables with larger samples of postsurgical cardiac patients during different periods after heart surgery.
Test score comparison tables: How well are they serving test users?
Authors: Knoch Ute , Fan Jason
Published: March 2024

While several test concordance tables have been published, the research underpinning such tables has rarely been examined in detail. This study aimed to survey the publically available studies or documentation underpinning the test concordance tables of the providers of four major international language tests, all accepted by the Australian Department of Home Affairs for Australian visa purposes. To evaluate the concordance studies, we first identified the good practice principles in concordance research through a review of both the relevant literature and leading professional standards in the field of educational measurement and language assessment. Next, we reviewed the concordance studies against the identified good practice principles. Our findings revealed that the information supplied by test providers varied, with some making the full research papers available, whereas others providing little information about their underpinning research. None of the concordance studies fulfilled all the good practice principles. Based on the findings of this study, we offer recommendations for future concordance research in the field of language testing as well as suggestions for practice.
Effectiveness of exercise intervention on physical and health outcomes in patients admitted to an acute medical ward: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: McCaig Jane L , Gordon Brett A , Taylor Carolyn J
Published: March 2024

Objective

To evaluate the effectiveness of inpatient medical ward exercise on physical and health outcomes in adults compared with usual care.

Data sources

Medline, CINAHL and EMBASE were searched from inception to 20 April 2023.

Review methods

Randomised-controlled trials in English that reported physical and health outcomes of adults who received an exercise intervention on an acute medical ward were included. Two reviewers independently extracted data. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro and TESTEX scales. The GRADE rating assessed the quality of evidence to evaluate the certainty of effect. Meta-analyses were performed where possible.

Results

Thirteen studies were included, with 1273 unique participants (mean [SD] age, 75.5 [11] years), which compared exercise intervention with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated a significant improvement in aerobic capacity ([MD], 1.39 m [95% CI, 0.23, 2.55], p = 0.02) and maximum isometric strength ([MD], 2.3 kg [95% CI, 2.2, 2.4], p < 0.001) for the exercise intervention compared with usual care. Low quality evidence demonstrated no difference for in-hospital falls count ([OR], 1.93 [95% CI, 0.61, 6.12] p = 0.27) or mortality ([OR], 0.77 [95% CI, 0.48, 1.23], p = 0.27). Moderate quality evidence demonstrated no difference for length of stay ([MD], −0.10 days [95% CI, −0.31, 0.11] p = 0.36).

Conclusion

Exercise prescribed during an acute medical ward stay improves aerobic capacity and maximum isometric strength but may not reduce length of stay, in-hospital falls or mortality.
Just a gut feeling: Faecal microbiota transplant for treatment of depression – A mini-review
Authors: Chang Minna , Chang Kai Tuomas , Chang Fuju
Published: March 2024

Background:

The microbiota–gut–brain axis (MGBA) allows bidirectional crosstalk between the brain and gut microbiota (GM) and is believed to contribute to regulating mood/cognition/behaviour/metabolism/health and homeostasis. Manipulation of GM through faecal microbiota transplant (FMT) is a new, exciting and promising treatment for major depressive disorder (MDD).

Aims:

This mini-review examines current research into GM and FMT as a therapy for depression.

Methods:

Original research articles published in Medline/Cochrane Library/PubMed/EMBASE/PsycINFO databases/National Institute of Health website Clinicaltrials.gov/controlled-trials.com were searched. Full articles included in reference lists were evaluated. We summarise current data on GM and depression and discuss communication through the MGBA and the interaction of antidepressants and GM through this. We review compositions of dysbiosis in depressed cohorts, focusing on future directions in the treatment of MDD.

Results:

Studies have demonstrated significant gut dysbiosis in depressed patients compared to healthy cohorts, with overgrowth of pro-inflammatory microbiota, reduction in anti-inflammatory species and reduced overall stability and taxonomic richness. FMT allows the introduction of healthy microbiota into the gastrointestinal tract, facilitating the restoration of eubiosis.

Conclusion:

The GM plays an integral role in human health and disease through its communication with the rest of the body via the MGBA. FMT may provide a means to transfer the healthy phenotype into the recipient and this concept in humans is attracting enormous attention as a prospective treatment for psychopathologies, such as MDD, in the future. It may be possible to manipulate the GM in a number of ways, but further research is needed to determine the exact likelihood and profiles involved in the development and amelioration of MDD in humans, as well as the long-term effects and potential risks of this procedure.
Legitimation Processes for a Branch Museum Development in a Post-Industrial City: The Louvre-Lens Museum in France
Authors: Grefils Melvin , Gorge Hélène , Özçağlar-Toulouse Nil
Published: March 2024

This research explores the legitimation processes underpinning the implementation of specific urban policies in cities grappling with socio-economic challenges, such as in a post-industrial context. Focusing on Europe, where public authorities are seeking to enhance the socio-economic dynamics of post-industrial cities through cultural initiatives like branch museums, our research is based on a historical study of media relating to the establishment in 2012 of the Louvre-Lens museum in northern France. Within this framework, we reveal how institutional actors have performed strategies of legitimation to develop the Louvre-Lens. Our findings underscore the confluence of two primary strategies – economic and cultural –in an effort to navigate the complexities and tensions inherent in establishing a cultural offer in a disadvantaged post-industrial region. We conclude with a discussion about the broader implications of these strategies within the realm of macromarketing. We provide practical recommendations for practitioners and policy makers involved in the development of branch museums.
Synovial sarcoma of the viscera (lung and jejunum): a case report
Authors: He Jixin , Wang Jiwei , Yang Lina , Wang Kai , Wang Maijian , Li Jianguo
Published: March 2024

We report the case of a woman nearing 70 years old who was admitted to the hospital with a complaint of “epigastric distension for 1 month”. Her main signs and symptoms were progressive abdominal distension and occasional abdominal pain. Computed tomography suggested an abdominal mass. She had a surgical history of synovial sarcoma (SS) of the lungs. After admission, she was diagnosed with jejunal SS following a puncture biopsy and laparoscopic surgery. This disease usually occurs in the soft tissues of the limbs, and it is extremely rare for SS to originate in the jejunum. The morphologic heterogeneity of SS overlaps with other tumors and makes the diagnosis particularly difficult. Imaging studies usually lack specificity; however, measuring multiple immunohistochemical markers can greatly assist in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SS. This case not only enriches our understanding of SS and describes a rare site of origin, but also emphasizes the importance and challenges of achieving an accurate diagnosis. Immunohistochemical and molecular biological testing have important roles in the definitive diagnosis, highlighting the need for precise and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in SS.
Learning curve of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy in the treatment of complex renal calculi
Authors: Lu Zhaoxiang , Yang Wentie , He Wei
Published: March 2024

Objective

This study was performed to investigate the learning curve of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotripsy (PCNL) for the treatment of complex renal calculi.

Methods

Seventy-two patients with complex renal stones who underwent ultrasound-guided PCNL by the same operator from November 2016 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The learning curve of PCNL for complex renal stones was analyzed using multifactorial cumulative sum (CUSUM) analysis and best-fit curves.

Results

The CUSUM best-fit curve peaked at Case 36, which represented the minimum number of cumulative cases required to cross the learning curve for this surgical procedure. Accordingly, the learning curve was divided into a learning improvement period (36 cases) and a proficiency phase (36 cases). Compared with the learning improvement period, the proficiency phase was characterized by a shorter puncture time and operation time, a smaller drop in the hemoglobin level, and a lower postoperative complication rate.

Conclusion

The learning curve of PCNL for the treatment of complex renal calculi can be divided into a learning improvement period and a proficiency phase, and the minimum cumulative number of cases is 36.
Model for Evaluating Cracking Performance of Asphalt Pavements with Field Aging Based on IDEAL-CT Parameters
Authors: Leavitt Aaron , Epps Martin Amy , Arámbula Edith
Published: March 2024

This paper develops a simple asphalt pavement field aging model using IDEAL-CT data from 24 field sections from seven field projects that were monitored for 1–4 years each. Field distress surveys were conducted, and field cores were procured and tested in the laboratory approximately every 12 months for each field section. The model predicts IDEAL-CT parameter l75/ m75 (mm2/kN) from the post-peak load–displacement curve. An R2 of 0.91 was achieved when comparing predicted values to measured values indicating that this ratio behaves predictably with field aging. A good correlation is also seen between this ratio and measured field cracking data, making it an excellent candidate for evaluating pavement cracking performance with field aging. This simple model has promising potential use cases including as a tool for mix design, pavement monitoring, and pavement forensics.
Characterization of Expert and Public Perceptions of Bicycle Rolling Stop Laws
Authors: Young Rhonda Kae , Chang Kevin , Hurwitz David , Campos Antonio Roman , Woodside Jasmin
Published: March 2024

In 2020, Oregon and Washington joined a growing number of states to sign up to new bicycle rolling stop (BRS) legislation that allows bicyclists to yield to pedestrians and motorists when approaching stop sign controlled intersections instead of coming to a complete, unconditional stop. The term “bicycle rolling stop” is synonymous with the “bicycle stop-then-yield” condition or the “Idaho Stop,” as first enacted in Idaho in 1982. This study involved a literature review capturing current BRS and similar laws throughout the United States, and collected and synthesized both expert and public opinions concerning BRS laws from experts and residents in Idaho, Oregon, and Washington. The results indicated that people were less likely to know about the laws in states where they were more recently enacted, although awareness of the laws indicated a need for broader educational outreach. The impacts of BRS laws tended to be viewed as neutral to positive among bicyclists, but mostly neutral among the broader public.
Concordance in Spouses’ Intention to Move After Retirement Among Korean Middle-Aged Couples
Authors: Lee Eunju , Kim Kyungmin
Published: March 2024

This study examined the concordance in spouses’ intention to move after retirement among midlife couples and its association with couples’ marital characteristics (i.e., marital satisfaction and dyadic coping). Using a sample of 1,285 middle-aged couples in Korea (aged 49–64), we conducted logistic/multinomial regression controlling for individual and household characteristics. The majority of couples (83%) were concordant in their moving desires—by either agreeing to move (29%) or to stay (54%), whereas 17% of couples were not in agreement—either only husband (9%) or wife (8%) desires to move. Couples who made daily decisions together and where wives perceived higher marital satisfaction were more likely to have concordant moving desires. Couples where spouses shared each other’s stress and discussed life after retirement were more likely to agree to move than to stay. Our findings suggest the importance of marital dynamics in understanding midlife couples’ residential mobility after retirement.