bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indonesian Human Resources Readiness in term of Facing the ASEAN Economic Community
Authors: Fathin Cinintya Audori , Perdana Arika Bagus , Kartikasari Ayu , Sulistyastuti Dyah Ratih
Published: November 2016

This article explains about the dilemma which will be faced by Indonesia when the the MutualRecognition Arrangement (MRA) is implemented in the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)by the end of 2015. The data which will be used to describe the existing condition of the human resources competitiveness in Indonesia in this article is the secondary data, such as Human Development Index (HDI); World Knowledge Competitiveness Index (WKCI); Global KnowledgeCompetitiveness Index (GKCI); Global Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI); Global InnovationIndex (GII); and The Networked Readiness Index. Where upon, these indices will be used asthe guidance to compare the human resources quality in Indonesia with Singapore, Malaysia,Thailand, and the other ASEAN countries.Based on the data analysis, these indices show thatIndonesian human resources are still far left behind in terms of competition with the other threeASEAN countries. It is feared that the weak competitiveness of human resources in Indonesiamay cause the inﬂ ux of the foreign skilled workers in more signiﬁ cant numberas a consequenceof the implementation of MRA.
Inovasi Bupati di Ruang Demokrasi: Upaya Membangun Kesadaran Inovasi Birokrasi
Authors: Widiyahseno Bambang
Published: November 2016

Decentralization and granting broad autonomy to the local government open the space for the continuity ofpolicy innovation. This study is important because not all regional heads could do it. There are many partiesinvolved and interested in the process. This study explores the behavior of regents to build awareness andmindset (unfreezing) to various parties. The magnitude of opportunities to innovate is largely determinedby regent ability to perform the process of unfreezing. The ﬁ ndings indicate a regent’s eﬀ ort in buildingrelationships with various parties, especially the power of the bureaucracy, parliament and society (thepublic) in the process of unfreezing ie melting of the ice or the awareness of the need for change (innovation). Those are Strategies to encourage and initiate innovation to anticipate the bureaucracy, which is building a coalition with the community to deal with the inert bureaucracy.
FMR1 gene mutations cause neurodevelopmental-degenerative disorders: Importance of fragile X testing in Serbia
Authors: Budimirovic Dejan , Protic Dragana
Published: November 2016

nema
Effects of Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Pulse Frequency on Microtensile Bond Strength to Enamel
Authors: Ayar MK , Yildirim T
Published: November 2016

Literature regarding the influence of Er,Cr:YSGG laser pulse frequency with different output power levels on adhesion properties of adhesive resin to lased enamel is limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of laser pulse frequency (20, 35, and 50 Hz) at two different output power settings (3 and 6 W) of Er,Cr:YSGG on the microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of adhesive resin to enamel. Crowns of 35 intact bovine incisors were embedded into self-cure acrylic resin individually, and then flat enamel surfaces were prepared with 600-grit silicon carbide papers under water cooling. Teeth were divided randomly into seven groups. Enamel surfaces were irradiated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser operated at one of six output power–pulse frequency combinations (6 W20 Hz, 6 W–35 Hz, 6 W–50 Hz, 3 W–20 Hz, 3 W–35 Hz, and 3 W–50 Hz) in groups 1-6, respectively. Bur-treated surfaces served as a control in group 7. After surface treatments and bonding procedures, composite build-ups were done in three layers up to a height of 4 mm. Next, all bonded teeth were sectioned into the resin-enamel sticks to be tested in a μTBS testing machine. The μTBS data were analyzed with univariate analysis of variance under a general linear model with the factor ‘tooth' added as a random effect to the design. Resin-enamel interfaces were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The μTBS to laser-irradiated enamel in group 1 (6 W–20 Hz) was significantly lower than those of bur-treated enamel (p<0.05). However, group 6 (3 W–50 Hz) showed significantly higher μTBS values than did bur-treated teeth (p<0.05). SEM evaluation revealed enormous morphological alterations of laser-irradiated specimens, such as extensive vertical and horizontal microcracks and gaps, with the exception of group 6. The bonding effectiveness of adhesive resin to laser-irradiated enamel was affected by the pulse frequency of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Although the parameters recommended by the manufacturer lowered μTBS, increasing the pulse rate may maintain optimum μTBS.
The Use of Resin Composite Layering Technique to Mask Discolored Background: A CIELAB/CIEDE2000 Analysis
Authors: Miotti LL , Santos IS , Nicoloso GF , Pozzobon RT , Susin AH , Durand LB
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of three resin composite systems to mask a severely discolored background by the application of a layering technique through CIELAB and CIEDE2000 analysis. Ninety 1.5-mm-thick disc specimens were produced from three different resin composite restoration systems: IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar Vivadent), Charisma Diamond (Heraeus Kulzer), and Filtek Z350 XT (3M-ESPE). The specimens were divided into groups according to the restoration system and the resin composite shade combination used for the layering technique (enamel, body, and dentin shades). Color measurements were performed by a reflectance spectrophotometer (SP60, EX-Rite) against a C4 shade background and an inherent color background, which simulates a severely discolored background and a tooth surface with no discoloration, respectively. The total color difference between both color measurements was calculated by CIELAB (ΔE*ab) and CIEDE2000 (ΔE00) formulas. The mean ΔEab* and ΔE00 values were analyzed by analysis of variance (general linear models) and Tukey's post hoc tests (α=0.05). Three groups presented clinically acceptable color difference values (ΔE*≦3.46 and ΔE00≦2.25): 1.5 mm dentin, 1.0 mm dentin/0.5 mm body, and 1.0 mm dentin/0.5 mm enamel; ie, all the groups from the Z350 XT restoration system. The resin composite layering technique is an effective way to mask severely discolored backgrounds. The Filtek Z350 XT system was the only restoration system capable of masking the C4 background.
Global surgery for pediatric hydrocephalus in the developing world: a review of the history, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Muir Ryan T. , Wang Shelly , Warf Benjamin C.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

Pediatric hydrocephalus is one of the most common neurosurgical conditions and is a major contributor to the global burden of surgically treatable diseases. Significant health disparities exist for the treatment of hydrocephalus in developing nations due to a combination of medical, environmental, and socioeconomic factors. This review aims to provide the international neurosurgery community with an overview of the current challenges and future directions of neurosurgical care for children with hydrocephalus in low-income countries.

METHODS

The authors conducted a literature review around the topic of pediatric hydrocephalus in the context of global surgery, the unique challenges to creating access to care in low-income countries, and current international efforts to address the problem.

RESULTS

Developing countries face the greatest burden of pediatric hydrocephalus due to high birth rates and greater risk of neonatal infections. This burden is related to more general global health challenges, including malnutrition, infectious diseases, maternal and perinatal risk factors, and education gaps. Unique challenges pertaining to the treatment of hydrocephalus in the developing world include a preponderance of postinfectious hydrocephalus, limited resources, and restricted access to neurosurgical care. In the 21st century, several organizations have established programs that provide hydrocephalus treatment and neurosurgical training in Africa, Central and South America, Haiti, and Southeast Asia. These international efforts have employed various models to achieve the goals of providing safe, sustainable, and cost-effective treatment.

CONCLUSIONS

Broader commitment from the pediatric neurosurgery community, increased funding, public education, surgeon training, and ongoing surgical innovation will be needed to meaningfully address the global burden of untreated hydrocephalus.
Rate of shunt revision as a function of age in patients with shunted hydrocephalus due to myelomeningocele
Authors: Dupepe Esther B. , Hopson Betsy , Johnston James M. , Rozzelle Curtis J. , Jerry Oakes W. , Blount Jeffrey P. , Rocque Brandon G.
Published: November 2016

OBJECTIVE

It is generally accepted that cerebrospinal fluid shunts fail most frequently in the first years of life. The purpose of this study was to describe the risk of shunt failure for a given patient age in a well-defined cohort with shunted hydrocephalus due to myelomeningocele (MMC).

METHODS

The authors analyzed data from their institutional spina bifida research database including all patients with MMC and shunted hydrocephalus. For the entire population, the number of shunt revisions in each year of life was determined. Then the number of patients at risk for shunt revision during each year of life was calculated, thus enabling them to calculate the rate of shunt revision per patient in each year of life. In this way, the timing of all shunt revision operations for the entire clinic population and the likelihood of having a shunt revision during each year of life were calculated.

RESULTS

A total of 655 patients were enrolled in the spina bifida research database, 519 of whom had a diagnosis of MMC and whose mean age was 17.48 ± 11.7 years (median 16 years, range 0–63 years). Four hundred seventeen patients had had a CSF shunt for the treatment of hydrocephalus and thus are included in this analysis. There were 94 shunt revisions in the 1st year of life, which represents a rate of 0.23 revisions per patient in that year. The rate of shunt revision per patient-year initially decreased as age increased, except for an increase in revision frequency in the early teen years. Shunt revisions continued to occur as late as 43 years of age.

CONCLUSIONS

These data substantiate the idea that shunt revision surgeries in patients with MMC are most common in the 1st year of life and decrease thereafter, except for an increase in the early teen years. A persistent risk of shunt failure was observed well into adult life. These findings underscore the importance of routine follow-up of all MMC patients with shunted hydrocephalus and will aid in counseling patients and families.
Learning styles, academic achievement, and mental health problems among medical students in Thailand
Authors: Paiboonsithiwong Salilthip , Kunanitthaworn Natchaya , Songtrijuck Natchaphon , Wongpakaran Nahathai , Wongpakaran Tinakon
Published: November 2016

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of various learning styles among medical students and their correlations with academic achievement and mental health problems in these students. Methods: This study was conducted among 140 first-year medical students of Chiang Mai University, Thailand in 2014. The participants completed the visual-aural-read/write-kinesthetic (VARK) questionnaire, the results of which can be categorized into 4 modes, corresponding to how many of the 4 types are preferred by a respondent. The 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the 21-item Outcome Inventory (OI-21) were also used. The participants’ demographic data, grade point average (GPA), and scores of all measurements are presented using simple statistics. Correlation and regression analysis were employed to analyze differences in the scores and to determine the associations among them. Results: Sixty percent of the participants were female. The mean age was 18.86±0.74 years old. Quadmodal was found to be the most preferred VARK mode (43.6%). Unimodal, bimodal, and trimodal modes were preferred by 35%, 12.9%, and 18.6% of the participants, respectively. Among the strong unimodal learners, visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic preferences were reported by 4.3%, 7.1%, 11.4%, and 12.1% of participants, respectively. No difference was observed in the PSS-10, OI-anxiety, OI-depression, and OI-somatization scores according to the VARK modes, although a significant effect was found for OI-interpersonal (F=2.788, P=0.043). Moreover, neither VARK modes nor VARK types were correlated with GPA. Conclusion: The most preferred VARK learning style among medical students was quadmodal. Learning styles were not associated with GPA or mental health problems, except for interpersonal problems.
Device-Free Indoor Activity Recognition System
Authors: Al-qaness Mohammed , Li Fangmin , Ma Xiaolin , Zhang Yong , Liu Guo
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we explore the properties of the Channel State Information (CSI) of WiFi signals and present a device-free indoor activity recognition system. Our proposed system uses only one ubiquitous router access point and a laptop as a detection point, while the user is free and neither needs to wear sensors nor carry devices. The proposed system recognizes six daily activities, such as walk, crawl, fall, stand, sit, and lie. We have built the prototype with an effective feature extraction method and a fast classification algorithm. The proposed system has been evaluated in a real and complex environment in both line-of-sight (LOS) and none-line-of-sight (NLOS) scenarios, and the results validate the performance of the proposed system.
Environmental Impact Assessment of a School Building in Iceland Using LCA-Including the Effect of Long Distance Transport of Materials
Authors: Emami Nargessadat , Marteinsson Björn , Heinonen Jukka
Published: November 2016

Buildings are the key components of urban areas and society as a complex system. A life cycle assessment was applied to estimate the environmental impacts of the resources applied in the building envelope, floor slabs, and interior walls of the Vættaskóli-Engi building in Reykjavik, Iceland. The scope of this study included four modules of extraction and transportation of raw material to the manufacturing site, production of the construction materials, and transport to the building site, as described in the standard EN 15804. The total environmental effects of the school building in terms of global warming potential, ozone depletion potential, human toxicity, acidification, and eutrophication were calculated. The total global warming potential impact was equal to 255 kg of CO2 eq/sqm, which was low compared to previous studies and was due to the limited system boundary of the current study. The effect of long-distance overseas transport of materials was noticeable in terms of acidification (25%) and eutrophication (31%) while it was negligible in other impact groups. The results also concluded that producing the cement in Iceland caused less environmental impact in all five impact categories compared to the case in which the cement was imported from Germany. The major contribution of this work is that the environmental impacts of different plans for domestic production or import of construction materials to Iceland can be precisely assessed in order to identify effective measures to move towards a sustainable built environment in Iceland, and also to provide consistent insights for stakeholders.
Psychosocial Correlates of Frailty in Older Adults
Authors: Freitag Simone , Schmidt Silke
Published: November 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate psychosocial variables associated with frailty status. Moreover, gender differences in the psychosocial variables associated with frailty were examined. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined a community-dwelling sample of N = 210 older adults (M = 75.31 years). Frailty was measured with the Tilburg Frailty Indicator. Quality of life, depression, resilience, social support, self-efficacy, traumata experienced, and trauma severity were assessed as psychosocial variables. Logistic regression analyses were performed. Results: In total, 41.4% of the participants were frail (49.6% women, 27.8% men). Main correlates of frailty were depressive symptoms, quality of life, and resilience. Gender differences for frailty correlates were found. Depressive symptoms and perceived social support were mainly associated with frailty in women. Furthermore, age was only significantly associated with frailty in women. Quality of life was significantly associated with frailty being a protective factor in both women and men. Trauma count and trauma severity were associated with an elevated risk for frailty in men. Conclusions: The results show that the psychosocial variables depressive symptoms, quality of life, and resilience are associated with frailty. Gender-specific differences in psychosocial correlates of frailty were revealed. Results suggest that gender-specific assessments and interventions should be developed to prevent frailty in late life.
Width of the Retrocalcaneal Bursa Is Not Altered by the Ankle Motion or Flexor Hallucis Longus Contraction
Authors: Hamada Misako , Ota Minori , Azuma Nobuhide , Yamakado Kotaro
Published: November 2016

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in the thickness of the retrocalcaneal bursa (RB) with respect to the ankle position with or without flexor hallucis longus (FHL) contraction. Forty feet of 20 female volunteers were examined. RB was sonographically scanned as the horizontal short-axis image of the posteromedial talar process and the calcaneal tuberosity. RB thickness was measured at three different ankle positions (20° dorsiflexion, neutral, and 40° plantar flexion) with or without FHL contraction. Without FHL contraction, the mean thickness of the RB was 2.6 mm in dorsiflexion, 2.4 mm in neutral, and 2.3 mm in plantar flexion. With FHL contraction, the mean thickness of the RB was 2.5 mm in dorsiflexion, 2.5 mm in neutral, and 2.3 mm in plantar flexion. No significant differences were detected with respect to the ankle position or FHL contraction. This study showed that in healthy subjects, the thickness of the RB in the horizontal plane did not change with respect to the ankle position with or without FHL contraction.
Strain Engineering of the CeNi5 System
Authors: Shuttleworth Ian
Published: November 2016

The effect of strain on the CeNi5 system has been investigated using density functional theory (DFT). The studies have shown that localised Ce 4f and Ni 3d states carry the magnetic moment of the material. The Ce 4f moment remains relatively unchanged during strain whereas the Ni 3d moment increases as the strain becomes increasingly tensile in both the basal and non-basal directions. A significant strain-dependent interaction exists between delocalised, non-magnetic Ce 6s–Ni 4s states. A weaker group of Ni 3d–Ce 6s/Ni 4s and Ni 3d–Ni 3d interactions exist, indicating that competing localised and delocalised mechanisms act on the Ni 3d states during strain.
Use of Capsaicin to Treat Pain: Mechanistic and Therapeutic Considerations
Authors: Chung Man-Kyo , Campbell James
Published: November 2016

Capsaicin is the pungent ingredient of chili peppers and is approved as a topical treatment of neuropathic pain. The analgesia lasts for several months after a single treatment. Capsaicin selectively activates TRPV1, a Ca2+-permeable cationic ion channel that is enriched in the terminals of certain nociceptors. Activation is followed by a prolonged decreased response to noxious stimuli. Interest also exists in the use of injectable capsaicin as a treatment for focal pain conditions, such as arthritis and other musculoskeletal conditions. Recently injection of capsaicin showed therapeutic efficacy in patients with Morton’s neuroma, a painful foot condition associated with compression of one of the digital nerves. The relief of pain was associated with no change in tactile sensibility. Though injection evokes short term pain, the brief systemic exposure and potential to establish long term analgesia without other sensory changes creates an attractive clinical profile. Short-term and long-term effects arise from both functional and structural changes in nociceptive terminals. In this review, we discuss how local administration of capsaicin may induce ablation of nociceptive terminals and the clinical implications.
Erratum: RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly of Poly(Acrylic Acid)-b-Poly(Hexafluorobutyl Acrylate): Effect of the pH on the Synthesis of Self-Stabilized Particles. Polymers, 2016, 8, 207
Authors: Zhou Jianhua , He Renyan , Ma Jianzhong
Published: November 2016

n/a
Think of It as a Trailer… for a Book
Authors: Vollans Ed
Published: November 2016

The seemingly overnight emergence of a form of promotion known as ‘book trailers’ shortly after the turn of the millennium suggests a shift in the marketing and promotional strategies employed within the publishing industry. This article follows the historical development of the audio-visual form known as the ‘book trailer’ across its history with a view to understanding the form itself. This article uses third party mediation to identify ‘book trailers’ within the public domain, grounding this work within a broader media and literary history. As such, this article charts the use of the term ‘book trailer’ and its competing nomenclature through newspaper archives and contextualises this with antecedent practices, and integrating this with the current literature on the film trailer as part of a wider understanding of the promotional trailer as a cultural entity.
Auto-Calibration Methods of Kinematic Parameters and Magnetometer Offset for the Localization of a Tracked Mobile Robot
Authors: Cantelli Luciano , Ligama Samuel , Muscato Giovanni , Spina Davide
Published: November 2016

This paper describes an automatic calibration procedure adopted to improve the localization of an outdoor mobile robot. The proposed algorithm estimates, by using an extended Kalman filter, the main kinematic parameters of the vehicles, such as the wheel radii and the wheelbase as well as the magnetometer offset. Several trials have been performed to validate the proposed strategy on a tracked electrical mobile robot. The mobile robot is aimed to be adopted as a tool to help humanitarian demining operations.
Assessing the Habitat Suitability of Dam Reservoirs: A Quantitative Model and Case Study of the Hantan River Dam, South Korea
Authors: Kang Hyeongsik , Um Myoung-Jin , Park Daeryong
Published: November 2016

The main objective of this study was to investigate ecologically healthy regions near a dam reservoir. This study developed a model for assessing habitat suitability as a proxy for the ecological value of reservoirs. Three main factors comprising nine assessment variables were selected and classified as having a habitat suitability (HS) between 0 and 1: (1) geomorphic factors of altitude, slope steepness, and slope aspect; (2) vegetation factors of forest physiognomy, vegetation type, and tree age; and (3) ecological factors of land cover, ecological quality index, and environmental conservation value assessment. The spatial distribution of the nine HS indices was determined using geographic information systems and combined into one HS index value to determine ecologically healthy regions. The assessment model was applied to areas surrounding the Hantan River Dam, South Korea. To verify the model, wildlife location data from the national ecosystem survey of the Ministry of Environment were used. Areas with an HS index between 0.73 and 1 were found to contain 72% of observed wildlife locations. Ecologically healthy areas were identified by adding the indices of each variable. The methods shown here will be useful for establishing ecological restoration plans for dam reservoirs in South Korea.
Thinking about Smart Cities: The Travels of a Policy Idea that Promises a Great Deal, but So Far Has Delivered Modest Results
Authors: Glasmeier Amy , Nebiolo Molly
Published: November 2016

This communication explores the unique challenge of contemporary urban problems and the technologies that vendors have to solve them. An acknowledged gap exists between widely referenced technologies that city managers utilize to optimize scheduled operations and those that reflect the capability of spontaneity in search of nuance–laden solutions to problems related to the reflexivity of entire systems. With regulation, the first issue type succumbs to rehearsed preparation whereas the second hinges on extemporaneous practice. One is susceptible to ready-made technology applications while the other requires systemic deconstruction and solution-seeking redesign. Research suggests that smart city vendors are expertly configured to address the former, but less adept at and even ill-configured to react to and address the latter. Departures from status quo responses to systemic problems depend on formalizing metrics that enable city monitoring and data collection to assess “smart investments”, regardless of the size of the intervention, and to anticipate the need for designs that preserve the individuality of urban settings as they undergo the transformation to become “smart”.
Highly chemo-, enantio-, and diastereoselective [4 + 2] cycloaddition of 5H-thiazol-4-ones with N-itaconimides
Authors: Qiu Shuai , Tan Choon-Hong , Jiang Zhiyong
Published: November 2016

A dipeptide-based urea-amide tertiary amine (DP-UAA) was shown to be an effective Brønsted base catalyst for the first asymmetric annulation reaction between 5H-thiazol-4-ones and N-itaconimides. High levels of enantioselectivity (up to 99% ee) and diastereoselectivity (>19:1 dr) were obtained for a series of spirocyclic 1,4-sulfur-bridged piperidinone-based succinimides.
Five-year Safety Data from 5 Clinical Trials of Subcutaneous Golimumab in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis, Psoriatic Arthritis, and Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Kay Jonathan , Fleischmann Roy , Keystone Edward , Hsia Elizabeth C. , Hsu Benjamin , Zhou Yiying , Goldstein Neil , Braun Jürgen
Published: November 2016

Objective.

Assess 5-year golimumab (GOL) safety in rheumatoid arthritis (RA), psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

Methods.

Subcutaneous (SC) GOL (50 mg or 100 mg every 4 weeks) was evaluated in phase 3 trials of patients with active RA, PsA, and AS. Safety data through Year 5 were pooled across 3 RA trials [1 each evaluating methotrexate (MTX)-naive, MTX-experienced, and antitumor necrosis factor (TNF)-experienced patients], 1 PsA trial, and 1 AS trial. Data summarized was derived from both placebo-controlled (through weeks 24–52) and uncontrolled study periods. For adverse events (AE) of special interest [serious infections (SI), opportunistic infections (OI), deaths, malignancies, demyelination, tuberculosis (TB)], incidence per 100 patient-years (pt-yrs) was determined.

Results.

Across all trials, 639 patients received placebo and 2228 received SC GOL 50 mg only (n = 671), 50 mg and 100 mg (n = 765), or 100 mg only (n = 792). Safety followup extended for averages of 28.5 and 203.2 weeks for placebo and GOL, respectively. Respective placebo and GOL AE incidence/100 pt-yrs (95% CI) through Year 5 were 4.86 (2.83–7.78) and 3.29 (2.92–3.69) for SI, 0.00 (0.00–0.86) and 0.23 (0.14–0.35) for TB, 0.00 (0.00–0.86) and 0.22 (0.13–0.34) for OI, 0.00 (0.00–0.86) and 0.10 (0.05–0.20) for lymphoma, 0.00 (0.00–0.86) and 0.08 (0.03–0.17) for demyelination, and 0.29 (0.01–1.59) and 0.41 (0.29–0.57) for death. TB, OI, lymphoma, and demyelination incidence appeared to be higher among patients receiving GOL 100 mg only.

Conclusion.

SC GOL safety through Year 5 remained consistent with previously reported Year 3 findings and with other TNF antagonists. Numerically higher incidences of TB, OI, lymphoma, and demyelination were observed with 100 mg versus 50 mg. Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers: NCT00264537 (GO-BEFORE), NCT00264550 (GO-FORWARD), NCT00299546 (GO-AFTER), NCT00265096 (GO-REVEAL), and NCT00265083 (GO-RAISE).
« En Alsace, le Saint-Esprit est aux ordres du roi »
Authors: Muller Claude
Published: November 2016

Pour mieux fondre l’Alsace dans le moule français au XVIIIe siècle, la monarchie utilise, parmi d’autres moyens, l’introduction des usages français dans la liturgie et surtout la nomination à la tête des institutions, comme l’épiscopat ou les abbayes, de sujets fidèles au roi. Cette politique rencontre pourtant des difficultés à cause du contexte particulier de la région, à savoir le maintien d’usages germaniques.
Chassez les stéréotypes, ils reviennent au galop ! Choix atypiques de formation professionnelle et différenciation des groupes de sexe
Authors: Rey Séverine , Battistini Mélanie
Published: November 2016

Les choix de formation restent fortement marqués par l’appartenance sexuée. A partir des données produites dans une recherche qui portait sur les choix atypiques de formation, en fonction du sexe, dans le cadre de la formation professionnelle de degré tertiaire en Suisse romande, nous interrogeons le vécu des individus ayant fait un tel choix (des femmes dans le domaine de l’ingénierie, des hommes dans celui de la santé). Nous nous intéressons ici d’une part aux réactions que leur présence suscite de la part de leurs camarades, des enseignant·e·s et du monde professionnel. D’autre part, nous étudions les stratégies mises en place par les minoritaires pour s’intégrer dans leur filière de formation et secteur de travail. Malgré la possibilité qu’offrent les choix atypiques de remettre en question les normes de genre, nous observons une recomposition des groupes sexués et une différenciation des individus en fonction des catégories de sexe.
Aspirations professionnelles de jeunes bacheliers au Cameroun : l’influence de la pratique de l’orientation scolaire revisitée
Authors: Merveille Dong Nguetsop Frosine , Fozing Innocent
Published: November 2016

Cet article s’interroge sur les causes de la hausse du taux de chômage des jeunes au Cameroun et penche vers la non assistance des jeunes par les professionnels dans la consolidation de leurs aspirations professionnelles, gage d’une insertion socioprofessionnelle. Sur la base des données collectées auprès de 181 élèves des classes de Terminale du Lycée Bilingue de Bafoussam par un procédé de choix « aléatoire » et analysées par la régression « logistique ordinale », il ressort que la consultation du Conseiller d’orientation (CO) n’influence pas significativement le type d’aspirations professionnelles nourries par les élèves. Il en est de même de l’information sur les filières d’études et leurs débouchés. Par contre, l’initiation à la connaissance de soi contribue à développer chez les élèves des aspirations professionnelles plus réalistes qu’utopiques ou plus détournées qu’indéfinies. L’information sur les réalités du monde du travail et celui de l’emploi participe à développer chez les élèves des aspirations professionnelles plus réalistes que détournées ou plus utopiques qu’indéfinies. Les qualités personnelles du CO contribuent aussi à développer chez les élèves des aspirations professionnelles plus réalistes que détournées ou utopiques.
Extended Conical Tube-Upsetting Test to Investigate the Evolution of Friction Conditions
Authors: Teller Marco , Klubakov Alexej , Franzke Martin , Lohmar Johannes , Hirt Gerhard
Published: November 2016

Friction has a significant influence on almost all metal forming processes. An in situ measurement of the friction stress within the forming process is in general difficult. Therefore, different experimental setups based on the indirect measurement of a friction dependent value are used to determine the friction conditions in laboratory experiments. For example the ring compression test and the conical tube-upsetting test are using the change of the geometrical shape of a specimen to investigate an averaged friction coefficient within the process. The essential advantages of conical tubes are the prevention of sticking friction and a homogeneous displacement and relative velocity along the contact surface depending on the friction conditions and the used cone angle. However, in both methods the development of the friction conditions during the upsetting process and the relative velocity between tool and workpiece are unknown. In this paper an extended setup of the conical tube-upsetting test is presented. The development of the specimen profile is detected by a laser sensor during the process at elevated temperatures. Experiments are conducted for different cone angles and the measured data is compared to FE-simulations. The time-dependent geometric data is used for the calculation of the relative displacement and relative velocity between tool and workpiece at the edge of the contact zone. A comparison with classical nomograms indicates a change of the friction conditions during the upsetting process. Finally, simulations are fitted to the experimental results by using a variable friction coefficient.
Identification of Friction Coefficient in Forging Processes by Means T-Shape Tests in High Temperature
Authors: Sethy Ritanjali , Galdos Lander , Mendiguren Joseba , Sáenz de Argandoña Eneko
Published: November 2016

In hot metal bulk forming and forging, the interface heat transfer and the friction between the tooling and the billet are of particular importance since they have a significant effect on material flow, deformation, forming forces, component surface finish and die wear. Several authors have used different characterization methods to measure the friction coefficient using cylindrical upsetting tests, ring compression tests, Spike tests and T-Shape tests among others.In the present paper, The T-Shape test has been used in order to measure the friction between aluminium billets and tool steel. In order to obtain the sensitivity of the test, a Finite Element (FE) parametric study has been performed which indicates that shape of specimen could be chosen to measure the friction. For this, compression tests for three specimens in dry conditions have been carried out and shape of specimen has been measured. These measurements and the use of adequate inverse modelling techniques enabled a precise characterization of the forging friction coefficient. Heat transfer coefficient (HTC) has been precisely characterised from the columnar upsetting thermal tests and later used in simulating the T-Shape tests to estimate the friction factor (m). Friction factor has been determined by comparing the experimental results with the numerical simulation results of T-Shape compression test. An encouragingly good agreement has been found between the experimental and numerical results.
Investigation on Friction Conditions during a Severe Bending Deformation on a Thick Plate
Authors: D'Annibale Antonello , El Mehtedi Mohamad , Di Ilio Antoniomaria , Gabrielli Filippo , Panaccio Lorenzo
Published: November 2016

In this paper, the friction behaviour in a severe bending process of a thick plate was investigated, taking into account both dry and lubricated conditions. Early experimental tests were performed to obtain mechanical properties of the low carbon steel AISI 1006, to be used as input in FE solver. Besides a 3D thermo-mechanical model based on FEM was developed to predict stress and strain distributions and final component dimensions. The second experimental series was composed of a coining process and a forming operation to reach the size of the final part. The analysis and the control of the friction conditions has permitted to obtain a product of higher quality that permitted to avoid all the secondary machining operations previously required.
Measurement of Coefficient of Friction in Hot Stamping by Hot Deep Drawing Test
Authors: Sasaki Hironori , Mukai Tomonori , Yanagida Akira
Published: November 2016

Hot stamping process has been developed to produce the steel automobile parts with an ultra-high-strength of 1500 MPa. The effect of scale thickness on the formability in hot stamping was investigated by a hot deep drawing test in our previous research. The draw-in lengths of flange increased with decreasing the scale thickness. It is supposed that thin scale thickness resulted in low coefficient of friction at the flange area. The other reason is the temperature of wall zone would become low according to decreasing the scale thickness or increasing of the thermal transfer coefficient and it slightly inhibits local deformation at the wall area. It is difficult to separate these phenomena. To quantify the effect of scale thickness on the friction at the flange area during hot deep drawing, the coefficient of friction was directly measured. The coefficient of friction decreases with decreasing scale thickness.
Influence of Servo Motion on Forming Limit of Thin Metallic Foils Using Micro Bulge Test
Authors: Yamaguchi Ryo , Shimizu Tetsuhide , Yang Ming
Published: November 2016

The demand of microforming is increasing as one of the economical production methods for small metallic parts. However, the formability of metallic foils decreases with decreasing ratio of thickness to grain size. In the present study, a process combining step motion and ultrasonic vibration is proposed to enhance the formability by stress relaxation. To investigate the effect of stress relaxation on forming limit of metallic foils in different stress states, micro bulge tests were carried out. The material used was brass foils with a thickness of 0.03, 0.05 and 0.08 mm. For calculating the strains of the deformed specimens, a pattern of dots with a diameter and a pitch of 50 and 60 μm was fabricated on the surface of the specimens by photolithography. The results of micro bulge tests showed that the forming limit increases by the stress relaxation regardless of stress states, except for the foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm. The possibility of enhancing the formability of metallic foils by stress relaxation was experimentally demonstrated.
Ductility Improvement of High Carbon Steel Wire by Alternate Wire Drawing
Authors: Nagashima Hidetoshi , Yoshida Kazunari
Published: November 2016

High carbon steel wires, due to their high mechanical strength and high fatigue characteristics, have been widely used in industrial products such as bridge cables and steel cords for tires. To produce wires that match the requirements for those purposes, wire drawing process is used. However, after the processing, tensile strength of the wires increases, but ductility decreases due to the shear deformation near the wire surface.
In this study, we examined ductility improvement methods of high carbon steel wires and as a solution we suggest a method of processing called “alternate wire drawing”. The next step was to determine the usefulness of alternate wire drawing for increasing the ductility of the wires.
Firstly we studied the total equivalent strain and the change of the shape of elements for each drawn wire by FEM analysis before testing. It was determined that in the case of alternate drawn wire the deformation of the elements was small also alternate wire drawing method is inhibiting the increase of total equivalent strain on wire surface. In case of tensile testing of drawn wire, we examined the mechanical properties of each wire drawing method and compared them. By doing this test we understood that in the case of alternate drawing there is a significant increase of breaking strain and drawing rate. We also have done torsion test to confirm the ductility of conventional wire drawing and alternate wire drawing. In case of conventional wire drawing method (Total reduction 91.7%) delamination appeared, however alternate wire drawing method (Total reduction 91.7%) there was no delamination. In addition, in case of total reduction of 97.2%, alternate drawn wire increases 20% more its torsion characteristics, than conventional drawn wire. And we also studied the changes of the crystal grain of drawn wire by EBSD (Electron Back Scatter Diffraction Patterns). We found out that grain size was shrunk by conventional drawn wire due to share deformation and for alternate drawn wire we confirmed that it was possible to inhibit the grain shrinking by 15% compared to the conventional drawing method.
As a conclusion we found out that, by using alternate wire drawing method it is possible to improve the ductility of high carbon steel wires with the high tensile strength.
Multi-Resolution Material Hardening Law for CPFE Micro-Forming Analysis
Authors: Feng Ji Ling , Wang Shi Wen , Lin Jian Guo
Published: November 2016

A new multi-resolution slip system-based material hardening law has been developed for micro-forming simulation using Crystal Plasticity Finite Element (CPFE) Approach. Material hardenings are formulated based on global and local hardening of dislocations for each slip system and defined with distinct physical meaning. Plasticity is assumed to arise solely from crystalline slip and the overall mechanical response with any crystallographic system, such as FCC, BCC, etc, can be addressed by a local hardening parameter, c, from 0 (pure anisotropic) to 1 (fully isotropic). No interaction matrix is necessary, since the latent hardening can be realized by the hardening factor , c , and the new dislocation density based hardening law can be implemented into existing FE software efficiently. The proposed equations are an extension of the existing hardening law from macro mechanics descriptions down to micro mechanics level, therefore unified constitutive equations had been established at multiscale resolution. Some features of the proposed hardening law will be demonstrated with a single cubic crystal under tension load.
Shear Banding in Polycrystalline Aluminium and Copper Pre-Deformed by ECAP and Subsequently Plane Strain Compressed
Authors: Paul Henryk , Miszczyk Magdalena M.
Published: November 2016

The microstructure and texture evolution in commercially pure aluminium (AA1050 alloy) and copper have been characterized after change in strain path to elucidate the mechanisms of shear bands (SBs) formation and propagation across grain boundaries. Samples were pre-deformed in equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) and further compressed in a channel-die to form two sets of macro-SBs. The deformation-induced sub-structures and local changes in crystallographic orientations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy equipped with a high-resolution electron backscattered diffraction facility. It was found that the mechanism of micro-/macro-SBs formation is strictly crystallographic. In all the grains of the sheared zone a strong tendency to strain-induced re-orientation could be observed. Their crystal lattice rotated in such a way that one of the {111} slip planes became nearly parallel to the shear plane and the <011> (or <112>) direction became parallel to the direction of maximum shear. This crystal lattice rotation led to the formation of specific SBs components which facilitates slip propagation across grain boundaries without any visible variation in the slip direction.
Improvement of Ductility with Maintaining Strength of Drawn High Carbon Steel Wire
Authors: Gondo Shiori , Suzuki Shinsuke , Asakawa Motoo , Takemoto Kosuke , Tashima Kenichi , Kajino Satoshi
Published: November 2016

The effect of areal reduction for one pass on mechanical properties of high carbon steel wire drawn using wet-type non-slip drawing machine was investigated. The wires of 0.443 mm in diameter with carbon 0.98% were drawn to 0.06 mm in diameter by reducing the sectional area of the wire by 14 % and 27 %. Tensile strength increased monotonically with increasing drawing strain and there were very few differences of tensile strength by pass schedule. Elongation had the minimum value at 2.5 of drawing strain and reduction of area also had the maximum value at 1.2 of drawing strain. Elongation and reduction of area were improved in the region of drawing strain more than about 3 by decreasing areal reduction for one pass. Therefore, the wire can be drawn with maintaining strength and ductility under small areal reduction for one pass at latter pass regardless of areal reduction at former passes.
Modelling Microstructure Evolution in ATI 718Plus® Alloy
Authors: Reshetov Aleksey , Bylya Olga , Gzyl Michal , Rosochowska Malgorzata , Blackwell Paul
Published: November 2016

The present study details the results of finite element analysis (FEA) based predictions for microstructure evolution in ATI 718Plus® alloy during the hot deformation process. A detailed description of models for static grain growth and recrystallisation is provided. The simulated average grain size is compared with those experimentally measured in aerofoil parts after forging trials. The proposed modified JMAK model has proved to be valid in the main body of the forging. The results predicted for the surface are less accurate. The recrystallised grain size on the surface is smaller than in the centre of the part which corresponds to the experimental results and reflects the main trend.
Modelling of Flow Behaviour of Magnesium Alloys
Authors: Bruni Carlo
Published: November 2016

The present investigation aims at studying the flow behaviour of magnesium alloys under different conditions in terms of temperature, deformation velocities and deformation. The modelling approach was based on a proposed equation to model the shape of each flow curve through different variables. The modelled flow curves were subsequently compared with those obtained with experiments. The models were validated on flow curves not used in the building stage. It was observed that, for low temperature values, high deformation velocities and deformations the final part of the flow curve has to be adapted in order to be adopted for the description of material in the numerical simulation. In other words it needs to be extrapolated. Also for the high temperature, the flow softening has to be limited in order to allow the extrapolation queue required for elevated deformations. The deformation value at which the extrapolation can start can be predicted with an other proposed equation detailed in the paper.
Connection Strength of Additive Manufactured Tool Elements to the Substrate
Authors: Junker Daniel , Fedorov Aleksandr , Hentschel Oliver , Schmidt Michael , Merklein Marion
Published: November 2016

In industry the increasing variety of products leads to shorter product life cycles. For parts made by forging processes this trend results in very high prizes, as the tool costs have to be assimilated with only few parts. To reduce the tool costs new, flexible processes have to be investigated and established in tool manufacturing. Laser based additive manufacturing is noted for its high flexibility and especially laser metal deposition (LMD) gets in the focus of the research as it allows adding material on free formed surfaces. Therefore it is already used for coating and repairing of forming tools. New investigations are made to qualify this process for the production of forging tools. The aim is to generate active elements onto a geometrical simple base unit. Within first investigations the manufacturing of high carbon hot work tool steel 1.2343 was analysed. The measured mechanical properties were similar to those of conventional manufactured material.The focus of this paper is the connection strength of the additively built structures to the substrate. Therefore cylindrical specimens for tensile tests are manufactured with the linkage zone in the parallel area, in which the highest tension will be achieved. To assess the strength of the connection a comparison with conventional manufactured steel will be made. Furthermore specimens produced with various settings will be tested to analyse the influence of the LMD process. Additionally post heat treated samples will be analysed to recognize the effect of the hardening on the strength of the specimens.