bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of Health Information With Different Information Models: Evaluation Study With Competency Questions (Preprint)
Authors: Rossander Anna , Karlsson Daniel
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

There is a flora of health care information models but no consensus on which to use. This leads to poor information sharing and duplicate modelling work. The amount and type of differences between models has, to our knowledge, not been evaluated.

OBJECTIVE

This work aims to explore how information structured with various information models differ in practice. Our hypothesis is that differences between information models are overestimated. This work will also assess the usability of competency questions as a method for evaluation of information models within health care.

METHODS

In this study, 4 information standards, 2 standards for secondary use, and 2 electronic health record systems were included as material. Competency questions were developed for a random selection of recommendations from a clinical guideline. The information needed to answer the competency questions was modelled according to each included information model, and the results were analyzed. Differences in structure and terminology were quantified for each combination of standards.

RESULTS

In this study, 36 competency questions were developed and answered. In general, similarities between the included information models were larger than the differences. The demarcation between information model and terminology was overall similar; on average, 45% of the included structures were identical between models. Choices of terminology differed within and between models; on average, 11% was usable in interaction with each other. The information models included in this study were able to represent most information required for answering the competency questions.

CONCLUSIONS

Different but same same; in practice, different information models structure much information in a similar fashion. To increase interoperability within and between systems, it is more important to move toward structuring information with any information model rather than finding or developing a perfect information model. Competency questions are a feasible way of evaluating how information models perform in practice.
Persepsi ahli gizi di Indonesia terhadap penerapan nutritional care process (NCP) di rumah sakit
Authors: Pranoto Yosephin Anandati , Susetyowati Susetyowati
Published: February 2023

Dietitians’ perception of the implementation of the nutrition care process (NCP) in IndonesiaBackground: The nutrition care process (NCP) developed by The Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics was adopted and implemented in Indonesia. Some hospitals in Indonesia do not have a proper facility to support dietitians to implement NCP optimally.Objective: To evaluate dietitians’ perception of the NCP implementation in hospital settings in Indonesia.Methods: This study was a cross-sectional design with dietitians who have been working in a hospital as the study subject. Data were collected by questionnaire. Each subject answered questions on general data, nutrition screening practice, and 20 questions about the NCP implementation. The perception score is ranged from one(1) for ‘strongly disagree’ to five(5) for ‘strongly agree.’ The score was summarized and categorized into two groups ‘good’ and ‘less’ positive perception. Univariate and bivariate analysis was used to evaluate the data statistically. Results: More than half of the participants have a good/positive perception of NCP implementation (62.5%). There was a significant association between the level of education and nutrition screening training to other health workers' perceptions statistically. Conclusion: NCP has been implemented very well in a hospital setting in Indonesia. There are improvements needed in some key aspects to improve the quality of the nutrition care process in the hospital, especially for each dietitian to have a better and more standardized perception nationally on implementing NCP.
Pupils’ Learning Experiences in Early Childhood government Pre-Schools Using the Tanzania Institute of Education Curriculum: Focus on Kisarawe District
Authors: Mlimahadala Nakijwa P , Osaki Kalafunja
Published: February 2023

Early Childhood Education is becoming a greater factor in determining future learning behavior among students, yet there are various curricula in use and with varying effectiveness. The TIE curriculum is the most popular in Tanzania and it is unknown as to how effective it is in preparing learners for future learning and developing key soft skills. This study investigated pupils’ learning experience in early childhood education in schools using the Tanzania Institute of Education Curriculum [TIE] focus in the Kisarawe district. The objectives were; i) to assess the appropriateness of the teaching and learning environment of early childhood education; ii) to assess the actual learning practices of children in early childhood education in Kisarawe iii) to determine teacher’s competencies in the provision of early childhood education and iv) to examine the parents, community, and government support towards the delivery of early childhood education. The study was predominantly qualitative and employed a case study research design. Respondents were drawn from four public primary schools. It involved 4 head teachers, 8 teachers, 8 parents, 6 members of the school committee, and 4 classes with 340 pupils. The study employed purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select respondents. Interview guides, observation checklists, and documentary reviews were the instruments used to collect data. Findings indicated that the learning experience gained by pupils who use the Tanzania Institute of Education curriculum in early childhood education is low compared to what is expected and directed in the Tanzania Institute of Education curriculum. The schools in the sample had poor indoor and outdoor learning environments, and teachers were mostly uncertified and had little experience and competencies. There was low and poor support from parents and communities, and the local government who owned the schools contributed little to strengthen the learning experience and competence gained by pupils. The study recommends that education stakeholders effectively play their roles to enable the Tanzania Institute of Education curriculum to be implemented with greater success.
Influence of Family Supervision and Peer Pressure on Female Students Behavior in Public Secondary Schools: A study conducted in Ubungo Municipality, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Rashidi Zawadi , Osaki Kalafunja
Published: February 2023

Young female students are often torn between family supervision, which can be positive or negative, and peer pressure to conform to the pressures on life decisions and behavior orientation as they grow up and learn. Little is known as to how they cope especially in a large city and with the media influence they face. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences on female students’ behaviour (focusing on family supervision and peer pressure) in public secondary schools. Specifically, the study intended to determine the nature of family supervision and peer pressure among female students; to identify the main forms of behavioural issues that affect female students’ learning; and to find out in what ways family and peer pressure influences female students’ behaviour focusing on time management, work habits and truancy. The study has used a descriptive research design employing questionnaires and interview guides to collect data from a sample of 133 students, 50 teachers, 10 parents and 4 school heads. Qualitative data [mainly interviews with students, parents and teachers] collected were analyzed using thematic analysis techniques while quantitative data from a questionnaire used descriptive statistics approach. The study found that parents, school environment, peers and school management have both negative and positive effects on female students’ behaviour inside and outside school. It has also revealed that some students learn bad behaviour from their homes and community with some of the friends influencing to affect their academic performance. The most predominant disciplinary cases among female students were involvement in sexual relationships while schooling. The study concluded that parental supervision and teacher-parents coordination is essential in providing learning support to female students. The study recommends that administering corporal punishment in school should focus on shaping childrens’ behaviour rather than cause psychological torture. Frequent seminars and meetings between students and teachers on the importance of schooling are essential in raising awareness. Additionally, schools may invite experts from a government institution or private organization responsible for transforming students’ behaviour who will talk to students about adolescence and its social impact. Owners and managers of schools should establish a friendly schooling environment that promotes and enhance the teaching and learning process. Schools should be fenced to avoid external interactions and prevent truancy.
Health Care for Climacteric Women in Primary Health Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Souza Julyany Rocha Barrozo de , Silva Aline Carvalho da , Ribeiro Jéssica Dias , Almeida Silmara Nayara Silva , Gouveia Aline Ouriques de , Vieira Flavia Nunes , Farias Kátia Cilene Lisboa , Silveira Cinthia Cristina Sousa de Menezes da , Frazão Andréa das Graças Ferreira
Published: February 2023

This project aims to identify, in the scientific literature, nursing care for climacteric women in primary health care. Methodology: It is characterized as an Integrative Literature Review. Results: After all the methodological procedure, the search resulted in a total of 124 articles. Of these, 33 were found in the LILACS database, 79 in the PUBMED platform and 12 in SCIELO. After applying the inclusion criteria to integrate this study, a total of 119 did not meet the eligibility criteria and were excluded, leaving only 05 satisfactory samples. Conclusion: The activities carried out in the care of climacteric women are restricted to those who seek the service spontaneously, during the cytology collection and those who are part of groups of chronic diseases. Therefore, despite all the advances in public policies for women's health, there is still a gap in care for climacteric women, due to the delay in implementing strategies that directly affect the quality of life of these women, one of the solutions being a climacteric program composing the organization of assistance in primary care that follows the division by specialties or groups. On the other hand, this organization ends up fragmenting the service and making it close to the hospital environment, compromising the proposition of primary care, distancing the professional from the client and expanding the bond established with the community.
The Interaction between Terminology and Translation or Where Terminology and Translation Meet
Authors: Xamidjanovna Axunbabayeva Nargiza
Published: February 2023

In this article Terminology and Translation are compared to one another on a number of points of comparison. On the basis of the results, the cooperation/interaction between Terminology and Translation are discussed. The contribution of Terminology to Translation is obvious, but that of Translation to Terminology is less evident, yet it does exist. Initially, Terminology claimed to be an independent discipline. In fact, Terminology has gradually become rather an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary discipline. It has been linked to a range of (sub) disciplines, from Lexicology, Semantics, Cognitive Linguistics, Sociolinguistics, Communication, to Philosophy and Language Planning. The basis for the above claims is the comparison of Terminology with the various disciplines in search for similarities supporting and/or dissimilarities rejecting the claim of Terminology that it is an independent discipline. In this article, I will compare Terminology with Translation, not in order to draw any conclusions about the status of Terminology, whether it is a discipline and whether it is an independent discipline, but in order to find where and how Terminology and Translation cooperate and interact in the actual practice of a professional translation which is to be done accurately and perfectly.
Abbreviations in Socio-Political Works and their Translation
Authors: Kholmirzaev Bakhtiyor
Published: February 2023

As we know author’s speech is very important thing in translation, especially in translation of abbreviations in socio-political works. Every writer has his own method and writing style. Its very important to reflect authors own method in translation. This article discusses the problems of translation of abbreviations in socio-political works.
Tokyo's booms and busts: Placing Japan in the global financial network
Authors: Keenan Liam , Wójcik Dariusz
Published: February 2023

Tokyo is conspicuous for its now decades-long absence in the headlines of global financial news. In this article, we revisit the evolution of Tokyo as an international financial centre through the lens of Global Financial Networks (GFN). Drawing on insights from high-level interviews, we present a chronology of Japan's financial history between 1980 and 2020. This reveals a pattern wherein financial sector reforms and financial centre initiatives are repeatedly interrupted by crises. The GFN framework helps to demonstrate how structure and agency intertwine at the global, national, and local scales to shape this reform-boosterismcrisis cycle. Nationally and locally, we find that despite repeated attempts by coalitions of actors to elevate the status of Tokyo, engrained cultural and political economic conditions have hindered its development into a truly global financial centre. Globally, these conditions have been structured and amplified by Japan's historical position as a rule-taker in the governance of international finance. These factors have conspired to situate Japan on the periphery of the GFN, a position aggravated by the rising financial power of China.
The financialization of remittances in Nepal: Governing through the pedagogy of fear and hope
Authors: Paudel Lekh Nath , Kunz Rahel
Published: February 2023

In the last decade, remittances have become connected to financialization, expanding financial markets and deepening financial logics in what has been termed the financialization of remittances (FOR). In Nepal, where remittances are of key importance, this manifests itself in the country's development strategy through attempts to formalize remittances and promote financial inclusion, entrepreneurship, and financial infrastructure. This article focuses on the most salient manifestation of the FOR in Nepal: a large-scale financial literacy education (FLE) campaign for transnational families. To examine how this FOR-FLE complex works, we bring together insights on emotional governance with those on the creation of (gendered) financial subjectivities. Based on an analysis of FLE pedagogical material and interviews with FLE experts, we suggest that the FOR-FLE complex in Nepal mobilizes a pedagogy of fear and hope to discipline the financial behavior of transnational families, transforming them into self-governing miniature financial corporations. We also highlight the gender dimensions of this emotional regime, which creates terror and works to patronize, shame, and stigmatize nonmigrant women of transnational families, rendering them responsible for development, decreasing out-migration, and reducing the economy's import dependency.
A retrospective Ulysses’ syndrome: French émigré recollections of the British host
Authors: Reboul Juliette
Published: February 2023

Between 1789 and 1815, thousands of French counter-revolutionaries chose exile rather than abide by the new political systems brought on by the Revolution, and later by Napoléon. A large number came to the British Isles. Contemporary documents demonstrate the French exiled community cohabited peacefully alongside a rather welcoming British society. Yet, self-narratives written after the Bourbon Restoration of 1815 described a different situation, in which French and British communities often clashed over behavioural and political distinctions. These discourses appeared to have further diverged from the event as time went by. This article does not mean to assess how traumatised the French émigré populations had been when driven to exile, but how the initial trauma, i.e the forced and lengthy separation from their motherland, was modified in later narratives and scholarship first to be utilised in the creation of national memories, and later in the formation of transnational ones. Focusing on the French memorial side of this transnational phenomenon, it aims to understand the political, social, and editorial agendas driving such modifications.
Mothers’ and Daughters’ Memories: The Palimpsest and Women’s Writing during the Algerian Civil War
Authors: Brennan Christina
Published: February 2023

Max Silverman’s Palimpsestic Memory describes a “transgenerational voice of memory” which may emerge from diverse histories of victimisation. This article will seek to expand upon how this “transgenerational voice” is significant within manifold cultural contexts through examining how the mother-daughter relationship is becoming increasingly prominent within recent Francophone women’s literature from Algeria. Within the fiction which reflects upon the destruction wrought by the Algeria’s civil crisis (c. 1992-1998), the mother-daughter bond connects women’s suffering during this “black decade” with the preceding War of Independence (1956-1962). Female protagonists in literary works by authors including Malika Mokeddem and Leila Marouane are inspired to challenge and resist civil upheaval and violence through recollecting and celebrating their mothers’ earlier resistance during the War of Independence. Presenting Mokeddem’s Of Dreams and Assassins and Marouane’s The Abductor as key texts, this article considers how the mother-daughter bond emerges as a literary theme which, through exemplifying the transnational emphasis on the associations between distinct atrocities, draws attention to female suffering within both Algerian wars, developing a productive and intercultural consciousness of female-specific suffering within multiple historical traumas.
"Endless Forms" of Evolution? Heuristics in Darwin and Taine.
Authors: Court Andrew
Published: February 2023

Morse Peckham wrote in 1959 that rejection and misinterpretation had characterised the first one hundred years of Darwinism. After reviewing René Wellek's 1956 survey of evolutionary ideas in literary history and Joseph Carroll's 1995 discussion of Darwinism in Hippolyte Taine, I argue that Wellek and Carroll have failed to provide accurate accounts of Darwin's influence. I suggest that methodological parallels must be found to make a claim for a theoretical approach being "Darwinian." I consider why The Origin of Species might have appealed methodologically to Taine by examining Darwin's argument, and then suggest that there is a better evaluative criterion of influence—that of "heuristic support"—than those provided by Wellek or Carroll. I test the hypothesis that the "shape" of Taine's theory in History of English Literature is the same as that of Darwin's theory in the Origin. I summarise Taine's theory in brief outline, counter Carroll's claim that Taine was a "biological determinist," and show that Taine's theory was congruent at the explanatory, methodological level with Darwin's, finding that Taine used the same kind of heuristic support to overcome procedural problems similar to Darwin's. I conclude that literary scholars must make better use of specialist scholarship in history and philosophy of science to answer Peckham's charge.
Jonathan Lethem's Genre Evolutions
Authors: Peacock James
Published: February 2023

The ideas I expound here proceed from an initial, rather broad observation that all of Jonathan Lethem's novels subvert established fictional genres in some way. For example, The Fortress of Solitudedisrupts a semi-autobiographical coming-of-age narrative with elements of fantasy and comic book super-heroics. As She Climbed Across the Table is billed as a "campus comedy," yet allows science fiction to infiltrate its witty satire on academic life. Girl in Landscape is a western set in space. Now, it can of course be argued that any genre is necessarily an unstable category, a somewhat volatile mixture of repeated, conventional elements and the variations that provide an individual text with a sense of identity. Scholars such as Margaret Cohen, in "Traveling Genre," have argued just this, and I take it as axiomatic throughout.
"A million years...just for us": Subversive fixity in Peter Weir's Picnic at Hanging Rock
Authors: Tate Alex
Published: February 2023

Donna Haraway's "Cyborg Manifesto" identifies the potential for marginalised sub-groups to resist oppression by "seizing the tools to mark the world that marked them as other". In the field of visual representation, this agenda can be applied to the aesthetic syntax by which this 'Othering' is deployed, namely to the formal parameters and construction of marginalised identities. Peter Weir's Picnic at Hanging Rock (1975) through its romanticised imagery, and narrative of Victorian sexual repression, ostensibly sets up a classical heterosexist ideology of woman as enigmatic Other; her presence a narratively unthreatening interval of erotic contemplation. I argue a re-reading of the film where this phallocentric project becomes self-defeating as its tools turn against itself.
The Ludic Parody of Terry Pratchett
Authors: Hoel Camilla Ulleland
Published: February 2023

This paper will look at how Pratchett’s universe creates a ludic parody through its use of juxtaposition, puncturing and awareness of stereotypes. I will also show through an analysis of some of Pratchett’s characters how narrative conventions are undermined. Finally, I will show how Pratchett, by using the Discworld as a background for more specific parody, manages to avoid Bakhtin’s charge of modern parody as narrow ridicule.
The Performance of Digital Play
Authors: Westecott Emma
Published: February 2023

To date, games studies (the academic field that analyses videogames from a humanities perspective) has drawn from the fields of play theory, psychology, sociology, film studies, cyber culture, literary and media theory as well as visual anthropology to map its roots. This paper adds the field of performance theory to this family of disciplines in order to better understand the emergent and interdisciplinary field of games studies. These disciplines have hinted at the connection between the discourses surrounding play and aspects of performance and performativity. However, scholars have been less forthcoming in acknowledging the role of performance in play as a subject in its own right, worthy of study.As a starting point to frame the phenomenology of digital play it is useful to look to core elements of a play experience. On the highest level these can be understood as the game object (which consists the game world and its rules), the player subject and the play act (the unifying action that creates a particular performance).
Editing Lives/Rewriting Public Identity: Celebrity and Authorship in Martin Amis’s Experience
Authors: Mitchell Sally
Published: February 2023

Addressing the negotiation of fame by the celebrity-author, and treating authorial persona as a collectively inscribed discursive identity-text, this article examines Martin Amis’s Experience (2000) for the textual strategies used to position Amis as implied editor and to emphasise the postmodern textuality of the life being narrated.
Myths of Origin and Myths of the Future in Larissa Lai's Salt Fish Girl
Authors: Harmer Elizabeth C.
Published: February 2023

"The present exists as a tension between the way things have always been and the way things ought to be. Myth . . . is all about this dialectic of past and future; it is a narrative whose beginning and ending always inform the middle". (Laurence Coupe on Paul Ricoeur, Myth 97)
Lord Byron and George Eliot: Embracing National Identity in Daniel Deronda
Authors: Millstein Denise Tischler
Published: February 2023

Byron's Hebrew Melodies, published in 1815, were written as part of his musical collaboration with the Jewish composer Isaac Nathan. Even though anti-Semitism ran rampant through England during the Romantic period, Byron's Hebrew Melodies remain his most widely respected collection. Despite anti-Semitic prejudice in England during the nineteenth-century, Byron was not the only English writer to take up the Jewish plight as his subject matter. Almost sixty years later, George Eliot would take up a similar set of themes in her novel Daniel Deronda. Significantly, Eliot's novel not only discusses the Jewish desire for a homeland in detail, it does so with numerous, specific references to Byron and his works. Eliot uses both the Jewish plot of Daniel Deronda and Byron as agents to discuss how Victorian England could revive its own national character.
The Phantom Walking the Text: The Death of the Author Reconsidered.
Authors: Moslund Sten
Published: February 2023

The author was killed by Roland Barthes in 1968 in the essay "The Death of the Author". This was an act of euthanasia, forming part of a larger poststructuralist project of putting down obdurate rhetorical practices in literature, where the endorsement of myths like authenticity, the representational value of language, the idea of the final analysis, according to Barthes, had unreasonably governed the ways in which literature was written, read and understood. The author figured as a mark of power, as the authority of a closed sign-system, dictating, or centralising, the ways in which a text must be read. With the author over and done with and the general rhetorical ploys of narration demasked, stripping language to represent nothing but itself, the stage was set for a new understanding (and practice) of literature as a particularly decentred and liberating zone that would seize on any form of power discourse - history, anthropology, politics, religion, etc - still abusing the powers of deception in language in the interest of the speaker.
"Prisoner's Dilemma" vs. William S. Burroughs's "Controller's Dilemma": A Discursive Motif in the Repression of Working-Class Self-Organization
Authors: Yang Manuel
Published: February 2023

To declare that the refusal to proscribe the "problems of the origin of language" and the affirmation of "geneticism - or a certain generativism" are "not chance encounters" imply a certain historical determination, namely that such demystification of origin and conceptualization of "geneticism" were occurring in relation to - though not generated by or generating - the crisis of Keynesian world capitalism in the late 1960s when Noam Chomsky and Jacques Derrida were both writing. Such determination is premised on a historical search for origins - although Derrida and Chomsky's subject is linguistics, we may substitute it with the self-organization of the working class, whose multilateral struggles made possible that global crisis to begin with - necessitates us to advance a theory of generation ("a certain geneticism - or a certain generativism"), a succession of historical links and relationships that connect one form of revolutionary working-class self-organization to another. And, just as Derrida proposed the way in which Rousseau problematizes the origin of linguistics as Chomsky recounted it in Cartesian Linguistics, we can propose the way in which the revolutionary commons problematizes the origin of the workers' councils as, for instance, theorized by Sergio Bologna's "Class Composition and the Theory of the Party at the Origin of the Workers' Council Movement", a seminal article published in 1972.
“The Four Horsemen of the Greenhouse Apocalypse”: Apocalypse in the Science Fiction Novels of George Turner
Authors: Weaver Roslyn
Published: February 2023

This paper surveys some of the developments in apocalyptic writing in recent decades, and then examine the use of apocalypse in George Turner's science fiction novels. Global events such as World War Two, terrorism, the Cold War, and increasing environmental problems have contributed to a growth in apocalyptic fictions. While novels warning about the dangers of nuclear war were prolific in post-WWII speculative literature, other issues such as technological and ecological disaster have since become dominant threats. Apocalypse literally means revelation, but the popular imagination more frequently associates it with widespread destruction. The form therefore offers a useful approach for writers keen to protest against political systems, harmful environmental policies, and reckless technological and scientific experimentation. Apocalypse allows authors to extrapolate from current events and imagine a terrible future should certain actions be taken. In Turner's novels, seemingly utopic societies have arisen after future catastrophes have devastated the world. Yet in reality these new societies are brutal and totalitarian regimes. Turner utilises apocalyptic themes and imagery to interrogate scientific, social and environmental policies and warn about looming environmental catastrophes if society does not address current problems of complacency and short-sighted governing.
Female Effigies and Performances of Desire: A Consideration of Identity Performance in Lars and the Real Girl.
Authors: O’Neill Kate E.
Published: February 2023

The female sex doll allows for the projection of uninhibited sexual fantasy and is animated through that fantasy in the mind of her partner. In this way, she can be seen to function as a performative effigy of desire, maintaining heteronormative male sexuality by reflecting a patriarchal ideal of female physicality and objectification while simultaneously demanding a responsive performance of heterosexual masculinity. In the film Lars and the Real Girl, the relationship between the female sex doll and her male partner is shifted into the public sphere, and Lars projects a social, rather than sexual, identity onto Bianca, the sex doll object of his desire. The social identity constructed by Lars reflects his desire for a non-sexual, community-oriented, and ultimately subservient female partner, and the widespread acceptance of this model of femininity by the community is evidenced through the performative interactions that occur between Bianca and those around her. Because the sex doll exists in a potentially deviant category of sexual interaction, the community’s refusal to treat her as an object, but rather as a living subject, reflects the power of performance in the construction and maintenance of social identity. The very fact of Bianca’s object status allows her to take on complex sexual and social fantasy-roles, all of which prove to be problematic, but which ultimately allow for the maintenance of male sexual and social authority.
Palimpsest, Pasolini, Poe and Poetics, or the phantoms haunting Dario Argento’s Opera (1987)
Authors: Brown Keith Hennessey
Published: February 2023

Argento’s gialli – i.e. Italian-style thrillers – from The Bird with the Crystal Plumage (1970) onwards present a succession of protagonists who find themselves haunted by some vital fragment of sound or image that they cannot quite recall, going up against antagonists whose inability to overcome the haunting legacy of some incident in their past compels them to kill again and again. Unsurprisingly this has encouraged many commentators to take a psychoanalytic approach to Argento’s gialli and those of his imitators. However, there is the haunting trace of something else here in that the Argento giallo is distinguished by its excessiveness, as Maitland McDonagh argues. In this paper, I wish to undertake such a reading of one specific but in certain respects exemplary Argento giallo, Opera (1987). Beginning with an outline of the film’s narrative for those unfamiliar with it, I will proceed by interrogating some of its most striking images, seeking to bring out an alternative ‘hauntology’ of their possible meanings based on the notion of the palimpsest and the aesthetic ideas of Pier Paolo Pasolini (1965) and Edgar Allan Poe (1845).
The War Artists’ Advisory Committee, Aviation and the Nation during the Second World War
Authors: Searle Rebecca
Published: February 2023

This article draws upon broader research that examines the representation of aviation in the collection of the War Artists’ Advisory Committee (WAAC). On the 23rd November 1939, the WAAC met for the first time. They were charged with creating an artistic record of the war both at home and abroad on behalf of the state. By the time the committee was dissolved in December 1945, it had amassed nearly 6,000 works by over 400 artists, depicting all major aspects of the war. Although library shelves are filled with histories of various aspects of the Second World War, this collection has hardly been touched by academic historians.
The Old Woman in the Cave of Lust: Edmund Spenser's Silenced Feminine Voices in The Faerie Queene
Authors: Kennedy Colleen E.
Published: February 2023

Edmund Spenser’s epic Arthurian-centric poem The Faerie Queene (1590, 1596) is permeated by fairy tales and old wives’ tales, but the very presence of the tales and their tellers is problematic, as these feminine voices are often included only to be silenced (Miller 6). Spenser’s anxiety of female voices, narratives, sources, and genres, becomes manifested in one very complicated and often overlooked character: the Old Woman in the Cave of Lust. This Old Woman is only found in one canto of Spenser’s epic poem (IV.vii) and is denied a voice; she isn’t given one line of dialogue. The very fact that this Old Woman emerges into the text, is ambiguously portrayed, temporarily vilified, and then retreats from the text unscathed demonstrates the power of the female voice in Spenser’s text.
Orienting Design, Discourse and Perception in C’était un Rendez-Vous
Authors: Krumholz Paul
Published: February 2023

"Couldn't an exciting film be made from the map of Paris? ... From the compression of a century-long movement of streets, boulevards, arcades, and squares into the space of half an hour?" - Walter Benjamin (83)In 1976, Claude Lelouch mounted a steadicam to the front bumper of his Mercedes and drove through early morning Paris at breakneck speed, from Porte Dauphine to the Sacre Coeur Basilica. He titled the unedited eight-minute take C'était un Rendez-Vous ("It was a date") in reference to its final moments, in which a young woman emerges grinning—and relieved—atop the Montmartre steps to meet the driver. The title's simplicity is a red herring, and the film disavows it quickly. An introductory intertitle opens, stating plainly that the film we are about to see has not been manipulated, before dissolving into a forward-moving shot inside a pitch-black tunnel on Paris' périphérique highway. A rectangle of light grows from the centre of the frame, recognizable as the tunnel's exit, and, as the camera penetrates it, the soundtrack of engine noises and tire squeals kicks in. The proportions of the light box and the darkness around it give it the immediate appearance of a cinema screen, a connection cued doubly by the sound's synchronized introduction when we enter the space (see figs. 1-4). The analogy advertises a lineage of ideas that will emerge during the film, evoking Benjamin's quote and the city symphony film among an abundance of other theorists and works that have thematized the links between the fabrics of the moving image and the city.
“To the Ice-House” – With Apologies to Virginia Woolf: Conversations on Place in the Humanities
Authors: Irwin-Mulcahy et al Judith
Published: February 2023

We are a group of faculty from Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, who came together from the disciplines of literature, history, and religion as part of a Global Humanities research initiative.In addition to discussing our current research, and to introducing each other to a variety of different critical methodologies, we wanted to ask what the humanities does, and can, and must, contribute to broader discussions of contemporary environmental issues. We also aimed to discover what shared terminology already exists and what meta-language can be created to describe and analyze concepts of landscape and place culture across disciplinary and cultural boundaries.The evolution of the group, however, is an essential part of our "end-product," which is, in turn, a work in process. Thus we emphasize the importance of the processual aspect of both our research and our research dynamic. Rather than formulate a pre-existing goal, our ideas have grown organically into a shared sense of the importance of place to our work in the humanities. We have committed ourselves to pursuing broader ideals of promoting a sustainable university and more just social understandings of our place in the world. Through our conversations and differing expertise on various geographical and temporal locales, we have confirmed our sense of the necessity of grounding our work in the places where it occurs.
Introduction: Special Issue of FORUM on Identity
Authors: DeCaires Narain Denise
Published: February 2023

'Identity' is a word that we have learned - with good reason - to be wary of. Its suggestion of solidity and fixity makes it a dangerous and divisive concept that elides the flux and instability that characterizes selfhood. In academic discourses, identity has been theorized exhaustively and the idea of the subject as de-centred and constantly shifting is taken-for-granted. But still 'identity' won't go away. Indeed, in some arenas of public culture, 'identity' remains a necessary concept around which to consolidate ideas of selfhood that may not be so readily accommodated in prevailing definitions of the self.
The Sparrow’s Fall: Self’s Mergence with Identity in Louisa May Alcott’s Hospital Sketches
Authors: Martin Travis
Published: February 2023

In This Republic of Suffering Drew Faust describes Civil War hospitals as “especially dangerous places…nurses—Louisa May Alcott prominent among them—regularly fell victim to typhoid, smallpox, and even heart failure brought on by the conditions and demands of their employment” (140). In the environment Faust describes, Louisa May Alcott “would have given much to have possessed the art of sketching, for many…faces became wonderfully interesting” (33). Alcott’s desire to depict hospitalized soldiers comes to fruition in her 1863 collection of letters turned fiction, Hospital Sketches. Although Alcott’s account is presented as fiction, it contains many levels of truth, embodying the type of story central in most debates concerning truth and authority within autobiography.Alice Fahrs refers to Hospital Sketches as “a fictionalized account of Alcott’s brief experiences as a nurse in Washington” (2) while acknowledging that the story is the product of Alcott’s very real experience written to her family in a series of letters (29). Scholars classify Hospital Sketches as fiction because it is signed by Nurse Periwinkle, Alcott’s narrator and alter ego (24). Elaine Showalter explains that the letters developed into a series of sketches and then into a book: “When she turned the sketches, originally written for the Boston antislavery paper The Commonwealth, into a book, Alcott added…Tribulation Periwinkle, a doughty spinster who goes to Washington because she wants something to do, and not because she understands very well where she is going” (xxvi). Alcott’s experience remains intact but the author does not. Hospital Sketchesstands as an example of how truth and authority in autobiography become suspect, while simultaneously allowing for significance and meaning to emerge.
Appropriating Identity: William Hogarth, Thomas Gainsborough, and Britain’s Myth of the Self-Made Man
Authors: Yahr Jayme
Published: February 2023

Britain’s self-made man was defined by taste, money, influence, and most importantly, middle-class rank in the early decades of the Industrial Revolution. During the mid-1700s, a change began to take place between the social classes, stripping the aristocracy of their role as Britain’s foremost connoisseurs and trendsetters. The shift from aristocratic indulgences to those of the newly wealthy middle class stemmed from a number of factors. For one, the economy was changing during the 18th-century. An industrial environment, which often included factories and workers, was the new-found key to the financial success of self-made men. As David Kutcha explains, “late eighteenth and early nineteenth-century English aristocrats lost control of the meanings of consumption, as political, economic, and clothing reformers succeeded in portraying aristocratic men as prodigal parasites living off of a virtuous and industrious nation” (135). To prove that the individuals in England’s highest social class were unworthy of their role as connoisseurs of taste, middle-class reformers attacked the aristocracy, declaring that the upper classes were unworthy of their status and were living off the successes provided by industry and self-made men.Portraiture created in Britain during the 18th- and 19th-centuries, particularly paintings by William Hogarth (1697-1764) and Thomas Gainsborough (1727-1788), exemplifies the myth of the self-made man, as well as the shift in social class dominance. Moreover, portraiture emphasizes the middle-class’s adoption of aristocratic visual language, while in turn depicting men as wealthy industrials who benefit the national economy and define the manly character of England. Although middle-class reformers were determined to prove that the titled class was effeminate and parasitic, it was the aristocratic ideal of masculinity that the middling ranks adopted as their own. English artists Hogarth and Gainsborough were influential in addressing the tension produced by the shifting social lines of the Industrial Revolution. Bound to Britain’s wealth for their own survival, both Hogarth and Gainsborough sought the patronage of the rising middle-class while sustaining their own notions of the self-made myth.
Black Bodies, White Subjects: Modernist Authenticities and Anxieties in the Avant-Garde Film Borderline
Authors: Knewitz Simone
Published: February 2023

I examine the movie Borderline in its attempt to create a language of the body. Borderline was a collaborate project of the Pool group, which included director Kenneth Macpherson, the poet H. D., and her partner Bryher. Both H. D. and Bryher star in the film, along with African American singer and actor Paul Robeson. I read Borderline as a work which parallels modernist literary experiments, for instance the poetry of William Carlos Williams, Gertrude Stein, H. D. and Amy Lowell.1 This experimentalism is related to the problem of authenticity, which modernist authors often associate with the materiality of the body. The movie, as I will show in the following discussion, works with two different, intersecting notions of authenticity. On the one hand, it locates authenticity in the material body, especially the black body of its star Paul Robeson. On the other hand, it emphasizes the materiality of the medium itself.
Digital Attraction : from the real to the virtual in manuscript studies
Authors: Ainsworth Peter
Published: February 2023

In a BBC Radio 4 programme broadcast on 26 April 2011 (Tales from the Digital Archive), archaeologist Christine Finn explored some of the ways in which the digital revolution has changed writers’ working methods, and the consequential impact that these have had on librarians, curators and conservators. Wendy Cope recently donated an archive of 40,000 emails to the British Library, providing scholars with invaluable material for research on drafts of her poems as they developed. Fay Weldon found herself changing quite easily from pen and paper to computer and mouse, discovering in the process that it changed how she actually wrote her novels. Altering phrases or drafts became much easier, and much cheaper too. Weldon’s archive is destined for the University of Indiana. Salman Rushdie’s archive went to Emory University in 2006, becoming available to researchers in 2010; it includes 15 years of electronic material from his computer. The British Library has a Curator of Digital Manuscripts, Jeremy John, whose strongroom contains IBM and Macintosh computers, floppies, CDs and other ephemera such as post-it slips (stored in archive boxes alongside the machines they were attached to).
Oral History and Revenge in Annie Proulx's "The Half-Skinned Steer"
Authors: Boyd Ellen
Published: February 2023

Stories are the recordings of history and serve as reminders of personal and cultural struggle. In The Medieval Icelandic Saga and Oral Tradition, Gisli Sigurdsson writes that before the development of written language, oral history "became a kind of knowledge bank" (57) in which stories of success, as well as those of tragedy, were retold to subsequent generations. A study conducted by Daniel Bertaux and Isabelle Bertaux-Wiame concludes that "earlier generations may very well determine the shape of the trajectories of future genera­tions through what it passes on to them [. . .] for the purpose of generating foreseeable conduct" (87). While this study provides evidence that positive behaviours may be transmitted to descendents, it also implies that destructive acts may be channelled through history and generate foreseeable negative conduct. The pain of struggle, revenge, and retaliation arises from behaviours which may be perpetuated across many generations; often the original source of the feud is forgotten, yet a desire for vengeance persists.The originating concept for Pulitzer Prize winner Annie Proulx's story "The Half-Skinned Steer" is, as the author notes, "based on an old Icelandic folktale, 'Porgeir's Bull'" (Proulx 10). Proulx's reconfiguration of the themes of revenge within this tale demonstrate how 'old' thinking can slow progress and resurrect long-forgotten grievances. In "The Half-Skinned Steer", the author relocates and remodulates the traditional folk tale to address particular issues and behaviours - work ethic, diet and vengeance - within the setting of the contemporary American West. This article will examine the ways in which Proulx reconfigures the Icelandic folktale "Porgeir's Bull" to explore intersecting themes of persistence, human arrogance, and nature's revenge on man.