bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jurisdição universal: caixa de pandora ou um caminho para a realização dos interesses da humanidade?
Authors: Loureiro Claudia Regina De Oliveira Magalhães da Silva
Published: December 2022

Um dos maiores desafios da comunidade internacional é a punição dos crimes que ofendem os interesses da humanidade, o que pode ser concretizado pelo exercício da jurisdição universal pelos Estados, independentemente de vínculo com a nacionalidade e com a territorialidade. A globalização ensejou a convivência em uma comunidade cosmopolizada e cosmopolita, o que fomentou a prática de crimes contra a humanidade. Assim, o objetivo geral do artigo é analisar o instituto jurídico da jurisdição universal e o objetivo específico é analisar o sistema jurídico que dá suporte à jurisdição universal, bem como sua relação jurídica. A legislação da Bélgica e da Espanha serão estudadas com a finalidade de responder ao problema central do trabalho: existe um sistema jurídico da jurisdição universal pelos Estados, independentemente de vínculo com a soberania estatal? Optou-se pelo método hipotético-dedutivo, com a técnica de documentação indireta e com o procedimento de análise da doutrina, da legislação e da jurisprudência, com a finalidade de demonstrar que a jurisdição universal difere da perspectiva da jurisdição tradicional. O tema é relevante e se justifica especialmente num momento em que a comunidade internacional vivencia a prática de crimes contra os interesses da humanidade em diversas partes do mundo.
Is investment facilitation a substitute or supplement? A comparative analysis of China and Brazil practices
Authors: Wei Dan , Hongling Ning
Published: December 2022

Investment facilitation, which tackles ground-level obstacles to FDI and has no substantial challenges to regulatory space, is emerging as a new trend of global governance. Meanwhile, the content and method to implement investment facilitation are still evolving. Both as top FDI destinations and largest emerging countries in South America and Asia respectively, Brazil and China have adopted somewhat different approaches towards investment facilitation. Due to traditional resistance to BITs network, Brazilian developed a new model of investment treaty, i.e., Cooperation and Investment Facilitation Agreement (CIFA). CFIAs primarily focus on investment facilitation through institutional cooperation, but the scope and degree of investment protection are quite insufficient. China’s approaches towards investment regime are inclusive, i.e., it is a practitioner of investment facilitation as well as a proponent of IIAs with a balanced ISDS mechanism. On the one hand, while investment protection and liberalization system are essential part of good business environment, IIAs don’t necessarily lead to friendly regulatory environment to attract FDI inflows. In this regard, the policy of investment facilitation is complementary to existing international investment regime. It is suggest that China draws some experiences from Brazil in terms of institutional governance and establishing a similar and effective dispute prevention system. On the other hand, access to justice is still important to foreign investors, the policy of investment facilitation can’t act as a total substitute of traditional BITs worldwide. Considering the Brazilian investors’ increasing outbound investment and the growing needs of investment protection, it is suggested that China’s open and liberal policies are worth learning for Brazil.
Shadow Agents of Renaissance War
Authors: Bowd Stephen , Cockram Sarah , Gagné John
Published: December 2022

Who were the shadow agents of Renaissance war? In this pioneering collection of essays scholars use new archival evidence and other sources, including literature, artworks, and other non-textual material, to uncover those men, women, children and other animals who sustained war by means of their preparatory, auxiliary, infrastructural, or supplementary labour. These shadow agents worked in the zone between visibility and invisibility, often moving between civilians and soldiers, and their labour was frequently forced. This volume engages with a range of important debates including: the relationship between war and state formation; the ‘military revolution’ or transformation of early modern military force; the nature of human and non-human agency; gender and war; civilian protection and expulsion; and espionage and diplomacy. The focus of the volume is on Italy, but it includes studies of France and England, and the editors place these themes in a broader European context with the aim of supporting and stimulating research in this field.
Heralds and the Representational
Culture of War, 1350–1600
Authors: Gagné John
Published: December 2022

Heralds, among other duties, announced hostilities to adversaries. This
essay unpacks the agency of heralds by figuring them as vessels of the
sovereign’s auratic personhood. Heralds were ciphers, but potent ones.
That potency served them in international disputes as harbingers of war,
particularly when delivering the gage of battle – commonly a bloody
glove – to opponents. As became clear by the fifteenth century, the ancient
Romans once had a college of priests, the fetials, to declare war and manage
treaties. This discovery extended the claims that modern heralds made
about their role in war; they could supplement fanciful ancestries of their
profession with solid ancient precedent. We conclude with a case study
of a herald at work in the Italian Wars.
Investigation and Difficulties Facing the Crime of Electronic Extortion
Authors: Moussa Emad Jawad
Published: December 2022

The crime of electronic extortion is a difficult crime and is shrouded in mystery during the stages of its commission, especially since it is committed by people who have sufficient knowledge in the field of information technology. The perpetrator is also characterized by characteristics that differ from the rest of the perpetrators of traditional crimes. In addition to the development in the field of informatics which requires the use of advanced methods in the field of investigation and evidence, It also requires the presence of experts and specialists within the investigation team, the investigative judge and members of the judicial police who have sufficient experience to seize the data related to the crime and follow up on their source to identify the perpetrator and arrest him taking into account the recording and keeping of those procedures to constitute evidence and conviction against the perpetrators of crime. Therefore, the investigators in such crimes must be people who have full experience and knowledge in the field of information technology than the perpetrators of the crime of extortion. The aim of our research is to identify the investigation procedures and the appropriateness of those procedures to reduce and control all the difficulties facing the crime of electronic extortion. the procedures for investigating the crime taken by investigators and judicial officers is the second aim. To achieve the first aim, the researcher dealt with the investigation procedures starting from going to the crime scene to conducting an inspection and search. The second aim was achieved by dealing with the difficulties encountered in the investigation as the difficulties in international cooperation.
Effects of Optical Laser Injection in Multistable Erbium Fiber Lasers
Authors: ESQUEDA DE LA TORRE José Octavio , GARCÍA LÓPEZ Juan Hugo , JAİMES REÁTEGUİ Rider , N. PİSARCHİK Alexander , HUERTA-CUELLAR Guillermo
Published: December 2022

During the past years, the study of optical injection has been intensely carried in theoretical and experimental realizations, showing interesting emergent behaviors, and synchronized states between other results. This work proposes an experimental scheme of an array of three driven erbium-doped fiber lasers (EDFLs), which dynamics exhibit the coexistence of multiple attractors. The laser array is controlled by a driver EDFL by injecting its optical intensity into the three coupled driven EDFLs array. The experimental realization was with the aim to induce an attractor tracking in the driving lasers, then to get coexisting states with increasing output power, and to study other emergent behavior given by the differences between doped fibers. To find the multistability regions, some bifurcation diagrams of the laser peak intensities are constructed. The obtained results are identified by comparing them with the modulation frequency. In some cases, the obtained results show that the intensity of the optical output signal of the driven systems is increased with respect to the initial individual response. In the case of synchronized states, it’s possible to get an increased signal from the whole system. The obtained results could have important applications in repeaters of communications systems.
ISSUES OF ESTABLISHING CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR VIOLATION OF LEGISLATION IN THE FIELD OF MIGRATION
Authors:   Academy of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Djoldasova Sakhipjamal
Published: December 2022

The migration process is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that affects the development of the world and states, as well as human interests. On the one hand, the United Nations considers migration through the prism of human development, on the other hand, the fight against illegal migration, ensuring public order, and eliminating crime are of urgent importance for the developed countries that accept migration. In some regions of the world, the unstable situation, economic crises, social insecurity of the population leads to their relocation from one place to another, bypassing legal regulations, as well as in order to avoid responsibility for the crime committed, they cross borders in an illegal way, which leads to illegal migration. Therefore, in order to effectively manage the migration process, States define the issues of liability for violations of migration legislation in their criminal laws. In this article, for the successful regulation of the migration process, the issues of establishing criminal liability are identified, and a comparative legal analysis of national and foreign legislation is carried out. As a result, the necessity of improving the laws establishing criminal liability for violation of legislation in the field of migration was substantiated.
Göksu Çayı Havzası’nın (Sakarya Nehri Havzası) Tehlike Duyarlılık Analizleri Kapsamında Havza Yönetimi
Authors: UZUN Murat , GARİPAĞAOĞLU Nuriye
Published: December 2022

Dünyada, doğal koşullar ve beşeri faaliyet etkileşiminin artması oluşum kökenleri, boyutları, etkileri farklılıklar gösteren çeşitli tehlike ve risklerin ortaya çıkmasına neden olmaktadır. Ayrıca doğal koşulların dinamik sürecine müdahale, yanlış planlama ve aşırı-yoğun kullanım sonucu farklı nedenlerle meydana gelen olaylar birçok alanda tehlikelerin dağılışını da etkiler. Havzalar ise meydana gelmesi muhtemel tehlikelerin ortadan kaldırılması ya da etkisinin azaltılması için yapılacak yönetim çalışmalarının ideal alanlarını oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada belirtilen kapsamda İnegöl ve Yenişehir alt havzalarını içeren Göksu Çayı Havzası’nın tehlike duyarlılık analizleri açısından havza yönetimi incelenmiştir. Çalışmada, Analitik Hiyerarşi Süreci ile havzanın birçok değişkeninin kantitatif analizleri sonucu erozyon, heyelan, sel, taşkın, kuraklık, kaya düşmesi, orman yangını, fırtına ve antropojenik kaynaklı tehlike duyarlılık haritaları üretilmiştir. Analiz verileri, irtifa farkı ve eğim oranı fazla olan plato sahaları, vadiler, ova tabalarında tek kanal üzerinden drene olan akarsular ile sanayi, taş ocağı sahalarında tehlike duyarlılığının yüksek olduğunu göstermiştir. Elde edilen 10 farklı tehlike duyarlılık analiz verileri üzerinden havzanın en birden çok tehlikeye maruz kalabilecek alanlarını ortaya koymak amacıyla bulanık mantık yöntemi kullanılarak çoklu tehlike duyarlılık (multirisk) analizi yapılmıştır. Havzanın multirisk verisine göre, % 46’sı çok az, % 25’i az, % 18’i orta, % 8’i yüksek ve % 3’ü çok yüksek düzeyde tehlike duyarlılığına sahip alanları ihtiva eder. Multirisk açısından en tehlikeli alanları, İnegöl Ovası’nın güneyindeki plato sahası ile Yenişehir Ovası’nın kuzeyi, Bahçecik-Koyanlık Dere alt havzası, Göksu Çayı mansab alanı oluşturur. Yüksek irtifa farkı ve eğim değeri, bitki örtüsünün zayıflığı, litolojik birimlerin etkisi ve yoğun beşeri kullanım tehlikenin yüksek düzeyde olduğu alanlarının oluşmasındaki temel faktörlerdir. Çalışmada havzanın, 10 farklı tehlike duyarlılık analizi, multirisk verisi, fiziki ve beşeri coğrafya koşullarının ortak etkisinde incelenmesi ile tehlike duyarlılık kapsamında havza yönetimi için önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
O MANEJO FLORESTAL SUSTENTÁVEL VERSUS O DESMATAMENTO ILEGAL
Authors: Silva Cavalcante Bruno Rogério , Aparecida de Souza Silvana
Published: December 2022

A utilização de estratégias governamentais e o descumprimento das políticas ambientais para enfraquecer a proteção e a conservação da Floresta Amazônica, trazem consequências graves ao meio ambiente e às populações que habitam essa região. Diante disso, estudos e alertas que mostram o crescimento do desmatamento, identificam um modelo desastroso que explora a floresta sem planejamento ambiental e sem o cumprimento das legislações florestais. Dessa forma, este trabalho configura-se como uma pesquisa bibliográfica, de viés exploratório e cunho qualitativo, apresentando as divergências entre dois modelos de produção. O primeiro, aqui nomeado de desmatamento ilegal, com as características citadas acima é destoante da tendência ambiental mundial; enquanto o segundo, pautado nos princípios e técnicas do Manejo Florestal Sustentável (MFS), assim denominado, traz em seu bojo a organização comunitária juntamente com a proteção de áreas florestais que respaldam a sua viabilidade como outra via para o desenvolvimento local e que se contrapõe aos desequilíbrios do primeiro modelo. Logo, os resultados apontam que a certificação florestal, bem como o manejo florestal sustentável, combate a produção e o mercado ilegal de madeira, favorecendo a arrecadação de impostos e outros subsídios sociais e ambientais. Evidencia-se, ainda, o processo endógeno do desenvolvimento territorial, com ênfase nos mercados locais e regionais, na sustentabilidade do ambiente e na valorização das populações e da natureza.
GESTIÓN DEL PLAN DE MARKETING DE UNA VIDRIERÍA EN LA CIUDAD DE PIURA - PERÚ
Authors: Cueva Jiménez Luis U. , Atarama Talledo Franklin R.
Published: December 2022

La presente investigación reporta la estrategia de marketing de una pequeña vidriería, que se inicia con una investigación de mercado, se plasma en un plan de marketing y una propuesta de implementación para mejorar su posicionamiento en el mercado doméstico y corporativo. La mezcla de marketing de la empresa comprende el producto (mejora del material y servicios, diseño superior, diversificación relacionada e imagen), precio (competitivos en el mercado, con márgenes del 30%, facilidades de pago y precios de promoción por volumen de compra), la plaza (desarrollar distribuidores, incorporar canal digital, gestión electrónica y reducir los costos variables), y promoción (publicidad radial, diarios, valla, letrero, uso de redes sociales y mailing; sorteos; ventas personales y marketing directo; y relaciones con la comunidad). Asimismo, se establece actividades tácticas acompañadas de su presupuesto, y para su monitoreo se identificaron 15 indicadores clave. Finalmente, se definió y elaboró un plan de marketing como una herramienta a gestionarse; se verificó la relación teórica entre el marketing y el posicionamiento de la empresa, mediante la prueba de hipótesis Chi Cuadrado (c2); tiempo después se verificó el incremento de las ventas anuales promedio de 10%, las que podrán ser sostenibles en el tiempo en la medida que se continue aplicando el plan propuesto y formulando su actualización.
The CASPER project: an integrated approach for pollution risk assessment in peri-urban groundwater catchment areas
Authors: Brouyère Serge , Balzani Laura , Orban Philippe
Published: December 2022

Abstract. In 2020, the European Union has established a recast of
the 1998 EU Directive on the quality of water intended for human
consumption, hereafter called Drinking Water Directive – DWD. One of the
most significant innovative point in this recast is the introduction of an
innovative “complete risk-based approach to water safety, covering the whole supply chain from the catchment area, abstraction, treatment, storage and distribution to the point of compliance” (article 7). In practice, a 3-level risk assessment and risk management is expected: (1) at the level of the catchment area (article 8), (2) at the level of the water supply systems (article 9) and (3) at the level of the domestic distribution system (article 10). In this context, the CASPER project, funded by SPGE in the Walloon Region of Belgium, aims at developing an integrated approach for the
evaluation and management of pollution risks for peri-urban groundwater
catchments. The approach, which fully complies with the requirements of the
DWD recast, consists of several key components. First, point and diffuse
pollution sources are identified in the groundwater catchment area based on
a mapping of hazardous activities combined with a specific groundwater
monitoring survey aiming at identifying specific tracers of such sources of
pollution. In a second step, risks associated to each of the identified
source of pollution is estimated based on the measurement of pollutant mass
fluxes and mass discharges downgradient these sources. Finally, a
groundwater flow and transport model is developed at the scale of the
groundwater catchment area, with the aim of evaluating the cumulative effect of the multiple sources on groundwater quality deterioration in the
catchment and at the abstraction points. The objective here is to describe
the CASPER approach and to illustrate it using ongoing investigations in a
peri-urban groundwater catchment exploiting groundwater from a chalk aquifer in Western Belgium.
Technical note: Evaluating a geographical information system (GIS)-based approach for determining topographic shielding factors in cosmic-ray exposure dating
Authors: Hofmann Felix Martin
Published: December 2022

Abstract. Cosmic-ray exposure (CRE) dating of boulders on terminal
moraines has become a well-established technique to reconstruct glacier
chronologies. If topographic obstructions are present in the surroundings of
sampling sites, CRE ages need to be corrected for topographic shielding. In
recent years, geographical information system (GIS)-based approaches have
been developed to compute shielding factors with elevation data,
particularly two toolboxes for the ESRI ArcGIS software. So far, the output
of the most recent toolbox (Li, 2018) has only been validated with a limited
number of field-data-based shielding factors. Additionally, it has not been
systematically evaluated how the spatial resolution of the input elevation
data affects the output of the toolbox and whether a correction for
vegetation leads to considerably more precise shielding factors. This paper
addresses these issues by assessing the output of the toolbox with an
extensive set of field-data-based shielding factors. Commonly used elevation
data with different spatial resolutions were tested as input. To assess the
impact of the different methods on CRE ages, ages of boulders with different
10Be concentrations at sites with varying topography and 10Be
production rates were first recalculated with GIS-based shielding factors and then with field-data-based shielding factors. For sampling sites in forested low mountainous
areas and in high Alpine settings, the shielding factors were independent of
the spatial resolution of the input elevation data. Vegetation-corrected
elevation data allowed more precise shielding factors to be computed for
sites in a forested low mountainous area. In most cases, recalculating CRE
ages of the same sampling sites with different shielding factors led to age
shifts between 0 % and 2 %. Only one age changed by 5 %. It is shown that
the use of elevation data with a very high resolution requires precise
x and y coordinates of sampling sites and that there is otherwise a risk that small-scale
objects in the vicinity of sampling sites will be misinterpreted as
topographic barriers. Overall, the toolbox provides an interesting avenue
for the determination of shielding factors. Together with the guidelines
presented here, it should be more widely used.
Adjusted spectral correction method for calculating extreme winds in tropical-cyclone-affected water areas
Authors: Larsén Xiaoli Guo , Ott Søren
Published: December 2022

Abstract. A method is developed to calculate the extreme wind for tropical-cyclone-affected water areas. The method is based on the spectral correction method by Larsén et al. (2012) in connection with the use of numerically modeled data, where an enhancement coefficient is derived as a function of wind speed to reflect the large wind fluctuation during tropical cyclones. This is done through calibration with the estimates from Ott (2005), who used the best track data and Holland model to estimate the extreme wind over the typhoon-affected area in the western North Pacific. The method is applied in the current study to three regions where the 50-year winds with an effective temporal resolution of 10 min are obtained at 10, 50, 100 and 150 m. The results are in agreement with Ott (2005) over their study domain, though with much more spatial details of the extreme wind distribution.
Yersel lazer tarayıcıların arkeolojik alanlardaki kullanımının incelenmesi
Authors: GÜNGÖR Müjdet
Published: December 2022

Kültür miras varlıklarının belgelenmesini gerçekleştirmek için arkeolojik kazı alanlarında son yıllarda lazer tarayıcılar, insansız hava araçları ve uydudan elde edilen fotoğraflar gibi farklı sistemler kullanılmaktadır. Çalışma yapılan bölgeye göre modelleme çalışmalarında tercih edilen yöntemlerden biri olan lazer tarayıcı sistemin önemli avantajları bulunmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada 2019-2022 yılları arasında literatürde yer alan arkeolojik alanlarda lazer tarayıcı kullanılarak yapılan modelleme çalışmaları incelenmiştir. Yapılan çalışma sonucunda kültür miras varlıklarının ortaya çıkarıldığı bölge, kullanılan lazer tarayıcının modeli, çalışma yapan araştırmacılar ve elde edilen sonuçlar vurgulanmıştır. Bu bağlamda yapılan çalışmanın son yıllardaki arkeolojik alanlarda lazer tarayıcı sistemlerinin kullanılmasının önemini ve elde edilen sonuçlar hakkında bir fikir vermesi amaçlanmıştır. Ayrıca yapılan bu çalışma ile arkeolojik kazı alanlarında lazer tarayıcı kullanımını içeren çalışmalarının değerlendirmesi ile literatüre bir katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
UNACCOUNTED FACTORS DETERMINING CARBON STOCKS IN FOREST SOILS
Authors:   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, LUKINA N. V. , KUZNETSOVA A. I. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, GERAS’KINA A. P. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, SMIRNOV V. E. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, IVANOVA V. N. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, TEBEN’KOVA D. N. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, GORNOV A. V. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, SHEVCHENKO N. E. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences, TIKHONOVA E. V. ,   Center for Problems of Ecology and Productivity of Forests, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

The sources of uncertainties in estimating soil carbon stocks in forest ecosystems, including abiotic (mechanical composition of soil) and biotic (plants, earthworms) factors, are discussed. The results of comparative assessment of soil carbon storage in coniferous-broadleaved and taiga forests based on direct measurements and pedotransfer functions are presented. It is shown that the estimation of soil carbon stocks in forests based on both direct measurements and pedotransfer functions requires, along with other soil formation factors, taking into account the most dynamic ones, including plants and soil biota, as well as the history of nature management. The calculation of soil carbon stocks should be carried out with account of fine earth (<2 mm fraction) content.
El depósito ritual de la Edad del Hierro de la cueva del Aspio (Ruesga, Cantabria)
Authors: Bolado del Castillo Rafael , Tapia Sagarna Jesús , López-Bultó Oriol , Peña Chocarro Leonor , López Dóriga Inés , Cueto Rapado Marián , Gutiérrez Cuenca Enrique , Hierro Gárate José Ángel , Cubas Miriam , Pérez Vidiella Pablo
Published: December 2022

En este artículo presentamos los resultados del estudio integral del depósito de la Edad del Hierro documentado en la cueva del Aspio (Ruesga), integrando el conjunto arqueológico procedente de la recogida superficial de 1994 y de las intervenciones arqueológicas desarrolladas entre los años 2013 y 2018. Gracias a ello ha sido posible documentar un espacio ritual datado entre los siglos II-I a.C. en el que fueron ofrendados objetos representativos de las principales actividades socioeconómicas de la sociedad del momento (agricultura, actividad textil, alfarería, metalurgia del hierro y del bronce, ganadería, guerra, etc.) y entre los que existen evidencias de un posible acto de comensalidad o banquete ritual.
A case of constrictive pericarditis after COVID-19 vaccine
Authors:   Department of Internal Medicine “L. Vanvitelli” University – Naples, Italy, Cacciapuoti Federico , Tirelli Paolo ,   Department of Internal Medicine and Radiology Unit Ospedale del Mare Naples, Italy, Cacciapuoti Fulvio ,   Department of Cardiology-ICU V. Monaldi Hospital – Naples, Italy.
Published: December 2022

It is known that mRNA vaccines against COVID-19 infection are effective in reducing symptoms, mortality and hospitalization of the patients suffering from COVID-19. In fact, these can cause some complications, as fever, headache, dizziness and, rarely, can induce some cardiac involvement, such as the inflammatory reaction of myocardium and/or pericardium. We describe a case of young healthy male-subject who received a second dose of Spikevax vaccine. Two days from the vaccine inoculation, he developed an acute inflammation of the pericardial leaflets, responsible for constrictive pericarditis. The clinical suspect was confirmed by instrumental and laboratory data. But, after the anti-inflammatory drugs administration, he completely recovered. Learning objective: This case report describes the occurrence of constrictive pericarditis following the vaccination against COVID-19. The most common instrumental and laboratory texts, useful for the diagnosis, are illustrate. The therapeutic treatment are reported. The pathogenetic mechanisms are hypothesized.
Neuroradiological manifestations of neuroinflammatory diseases; A concept for rare cases and neuro-COVID-19
Authors:   Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran., Maleki Nazanin , Pirvaram Ayda ,   Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Branch, Tehran, Iran., Zahedi Sima ,   Medical Doctor, Department of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Iran., Chakeri Zahra ,   Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
Published: December 2022

Uncommon neurological diseases make for roughly half of all rare diseases. As one of the key players in the diagnostic process, neurologists require guidelines on the types of screening tests that can be done. In this sense, biomarker research has been very active. By minimizing the chance of misdiagnosis and improper therapy, diagnostic biomarkers may help reduce the risk of disease progression. Also, Neurological complications and associated radiological findings have been reported in an increasing number of patients with COVID-19 infection. Despite improved methods, diagnosing CNS inflammatory diseases is still difficult and time-consuming. Although MRI is essential in this procedure, it might be confusing in some circumstances due to overlapping radiological results. Considering the above facts, the necessity for specialized biomarkers seems to be paramount. Serological markers appear to merit special consideration. Peripheral blood samples, unlike CSF, are easily obtained in routine ambulatory care for many periods, allowing noninvasive monitoring of therapy response. A complete combination of clinical examination, radiographic assessment, laboratory tests, and often a multidisciplinary approach is required to make an accurate diagnosis.
Swimming clubs instead of committees as a road to well-being: A critical provocation to HE futures
Authors: Jones Professor David
Published: December 2022

In the context of the increased frustration and anxiety around managerialism of universities, this talk explores how a group of 52 academics, from six different universities, diverse disciplines and levels are responding collectively outside of their work. Moreover, it tracks the enactment of five ‘Slow Swimming Clubs’ across Europe, set up by the author. The clubs represent a particular form of leisure crafting, called slow swimming. Using an auto-ethnographic approach, the impact of these Slow Swimming Clubs are explored over a 13 year period. The presentation reflects on the initial impact of this practice, around an individualised compensatory respite from the academics’ feelings of frustration and insecurity. This respite was framed in terms of temporal and aesthetic task crafting. The presentation then reflects on how the external, counter-performative nature of leisure crafting has opened up time and space for job crafting, back in their universities. The differentiating feature of this research is around the role of academic agency in moving beyond respite towards structural contestation and more systemic change. It also highlights the importance of the relationship between leisure and work within this crafting process. Through placing the aesthetic and temporal dimensions in the foreground, the article offers a significant conceptual contribution to crafting typology. It also extends slow scholarship, by advocating an embodied, sensual and experiential response to the fast pedagogies of managerialism. Most crucially here, the talk will explore the contribution of the Slow Swimming Club form of leisure crafting to HE and management futures, around well-being, space and time.
X-Waves and Modulation Instability
Authors: Steer James
Published: December 2022

Modulation instability is characterised by a rapid transfer of energy from a dominant central frequency to sideband frequencies. Dispersive media such as water, optics, and Bose-Einstein condensate, all allow for modulation instability. In the space-time domain, modulation instability manifests itself as a single extreme wave crest arising from an initially periodic, constant amplitude wavetrain. Given the sudden appearance of an unexpectedly high wave crest, the modulation instability has long been proposed as a mechanism by which extreme ocean waves are formed. In this talk I will present the experimental work performed with various collaborators in both the University of Edinburgh’s circular basin (FloWave) and University College London’s combined wave-current flume. In the FloWave basin we observed the propagation of a nondispersive X-wave,a wave structure capable of transporting an extremely large wave at its centre over vast distances without dispersing. The X-wave was predicted using the three-dimensional nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) to balance nonlinear, dispersive, and diffractive wave properties. At University College London we showed experimentally how a linear vertically sheared current reduces the growth rate of modulation instability as predicted by a modified version of the NLSE, the constant vorticity NLSE (vor-NLSE).At University College London we showed experimentally how a linear vertically sheared current reduces the growth rate of modulation instability as predicted by a modified version of the NLSE, the constant vorticity NLSE (vor-NLSE).At University College London we showed experimentally how a linear vertically sheared current reduces the growth rate of modulation instability as predicted by a modified version of the NLSE, the constant vorticity NLSE (vor-NLSE).
Droplets of Yield Stress Fluids
Authors: Jalaal Mazi
Published: December 2022

The impact and spreading of droplets of complex fluids over surfaces occur in a variety of industrial applications. We will study the spreading of viscoplastic droplets under surface tension and gravity. The droplet converges to a final equilibrium shape once the driving stresses inside the droplet fall below the yield stress. Scaling laws are presented for the final radius and complemented with an asymptotic analysis for shallow droplets. Moreover, numerical simulations using the volume-of-fluid method and a regularized constitutive law and experiments with an aqueous solution of Carbopol are presented. In the end, we briefly present the other applications of droplets of yield stress fluids.
Multi-scale steady solutions representing classical and ultimate scaling in thermal convection
Authors: Motoki Shingo
Published: December 2022

Rayleigh–Bénard convection is one of the most canonical flows widely observed in nature and engineering applications. The effect of buoyancy on a flow is characterised by the Rayleigh number Ra, and the flow becomes turbulent eventually as Ra increases. One of the primary interests in convective turbulence is the scaling law of the Nusselt number Nu (dimensionless vertical heat flux) with Ra. A one-third power law for Nu with Ra, referred to as the 'classical' scaling, has been reported in many experiments and numerical simulations. On the other hand, a one-half power law, referred to as the 'ultimate' scaling, has not been observed yet in conventional Rayleigh–Bénard convection (buoyancy-driven convection between horizontal impermeable walls with a constant temperature difference). In this talk, I will first discuss a multi-scale steady solution in the conventional Rayleigh–Bénard convection. It is a three-dimensional steady solution to the Boussinesq equations, found using a homotopy from the wall-to-wall optimal transport solution (Motoki et al. 2018 J. Fluid Mech., 851, R4). The exact coherent thermal convection exhibits the classical scaling and reproduces structural and statistical properties of convective turbulence. Next, I will draw attention to thermal convection between permeable walls. The permeable wall is a simple model mimicking a Darcy-type porous wall (Jiménez et al. 2001 J. Fluid Mech. 442, 89-117). The wall permeability leads to the ultimate scaling, meaning that a wall heat flux being independent of thermal conductivity, although the heat transfer on the wall is dominated by thermal conduction. Finally, I will discuss the physical mechanisms of classical and ultimate scaling.
Ciliary Coordination
Authors: Kanso Eva
Published: December 2022

Motile cilia covering the surface of eukaryotic cells, from single-celled protozoa to epithelial surfaces in the mammalian airways, synchronize their beat to enable efficient fluid transport. The nature of the mechanisms leading to ciliary coordination remains unclear. I will review our understanding of this process based on physics-based mathematical models where either hydrodynamic or elastic forces between neighboring cilia are sufficient to lead to synchronization. Further, I will demonstrate that it is possible to reach, and transition between, multiple modes of synchrony by varying the intrinsic activity of the individual cilia and the strength of the coupling between them. I will conclude by commenting on the implications of these findings to our understanding of ciliary design and function in mammalian tissues as well as in unicellular organisms where transitions between distinct synchronization modes are crucial for the cell behavior and survival.
Prediction of Drag for Rough Wall Boundary Layer Flows
Authors: Flack Karen
Published: December 2022

Significant progress has been made towards the understanding of rough-wall boundary layers and the subsequent drag penalty. Continued progress is promising since a larger range of parameter space can now be investigated experimentally and numerically. Recent advances in rapid prototyping techniques enables the generation of systematic variations of roughness scales and computationally efficient simulations with creative surface mapping techniques allows for experiments and computations to investigate similar complex roughness. While a universal drag prediction correlation is still elusive and may not be possible, predictive correlations for classes of surface roughness pertinent to engineering applications seem achievable. Three surface parameters based solely on surface statistics are showing promise in predictive correlations for a range of studies. These include a measure of surface elevation a slope parameter and the skewness of the surface elevation probability density function. Other candidate parameters that may be useful in a predictive correlation or a surface filter are the streamwise and spanwise correlation lengths. The challenges to represent this wide range of surface conditions and potential scales to characterize engineering roughness including biofouling in predictive correlations will be discussed.
Lymphatic System Transport and Vaccine Design
Authors: Moore James
Published: December 2022

An important criterion for vaccine success is the transport of information into lymph nodes, where immune cells exist in sufficient density to facilitate adaptive immunity. This is the responsibility of the prenodal lymphatic system, which consists of porous initial lymphatics and actively pumping collecting lymphatic vessels. Antigen information can remain suspended in lymph or be captured by antigen presenting cells. Once inside the node, fluid flow and solute transport are crucial for delivering the information to specific cell types. In vivo observations of these transport processes are challenged by the lack of appropriate tools for measuring lymphatic flows. We have initiated a series of experiments and numerical simulations to investigate the roles of fluid transport in the various processes that support adaptive immunity. We have constructed porous media mathematical models for the lymph compartment, coupled to models of viscous flow in lymph node blood vessels to simulate the effects of vaccination. We have also coupled these to advection-diffusion-reaction models that simulate the migratory stimulatory effects of chemokines on immune cells. Microfluidic chamber experiments with controllable advection and ability to visualise cell migration in real time supports these models. Vaccination has strong effects on rat mesenteric collecting lymphatic pumping dynamics and fluid shifts within lymph nodes. The transport of small antigens in solution occurs primarily by diffusion in small (<1µm diameter) collagen-bundle conduit structures. These results provide insights on ways to modulate adaptive immune responses for the optimisation of vaccine design.
Variação morfo-cultural e agressividade de Colletotrichum fructicola em um pomar de macieira em Fraiburgo-SC
Authors: Vieira de Cisne Carolinna , Velho Aline Cristina , Ferrari Rockenbach Mathias , Stadnik Marciel João
Published: December 2022

Resumo – A maçã é uma das frutas de clima temperado de maior importância para a economia do Sul do Brasil. Nessa região, as plantas são severamente afetadas pela mancha foliar de Glomerella (MFG), uma doença causada por espécies de Colletotrichum. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi identificar as espécies predominantes de isolados causadores de MFG provenientes de um mesmo pomar localizado em Fraiburgo, SC e verificar se dentro dessa população existia variação nos níveis de agressividade. A identificação molecular dos isolados foi realizada mediante sequenciamento e análise da homologia das regiões ITS, TUB2, GAPDH e HIS3. Para a caracterização morfo-cultural, os isolados foram cultivados em meio BDA a 25ºC e 12h de fotoperíodo durante 10 dias. Para avaliação da agressividade, plântulas suscetíveis (cv. Gala) foram inoculadas com uma suspensão contendo 1x106 conídios/ml. Todos os isolados foram identificados como Colletotrichum fructicola. Cerca de 50% dos isolados apresentaram micélio ralo com coloração de branco-oliva na frente e salmão no verso. Seis isolados formaram peritécios. Os conídios foram predominantemente cilíndricos com largura e comprimento médio de 4,2-4,5µm e 12,1-13,4µm, respectivamente. Os isolados foram classificados em três níveis de agressividade, sendo que o mais agressivo causou 80% de necrose em folhas. As implicações desses achados para o controle da MFG são discutidas.Abstract – Apple is one of the most important temperate fruit for the Southern Brazil’s economy. In this region, the production is severely affected by Glomerella leaf spot (GLS), caused by Colletotrichum spp. The objective of this study was to identify the predominant species causing GLS in an apple orchard in Fraiburgo, SC and to assess whether there were isolates with different levels of aggressiveness in the population. The molecular identification was carried out by sequencing and analysis of the homology regions ITS, TUB2, GAPDH and HIS3. For morphological and cultural characterization, the isolates were cultured on PDA at 25°C and 12h of photoperiod during 10 days. Susceptible seedlings (cv. Gala) were inoculated with a solution containing 1x106 conidia/ml for aggressiveness assessing. All isolates were identified as Colletotrichum fructicola. Fifty percent of isolates exhibited mycelium thin with white-olive coloration and a salmon reverse. Six isolates formed perithecia. Conidia were predominantly cylindrical with width and length ranged from 4.2 to 4.5µm and 12.1 to 13.4µm, respectively. The isolates were classified into three aggressiveness levels, and one of them was highly aggressive with 80% of necrotic leaf area. Implications of these findings for disease control are discussed.
Melhoramento Genético da Goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana) em Santa Catarina
Authors: Dos Santos Karine Louise , Ciotta Marlise Nara , Nodari Rubens Onofre
Published: December 2022

Resumo – A goiabeira-serrana, em virtude de seu sabor único e características de adaptabilidade às condições edafoclimáticas do estado de Santa Catarina (Brasil), tem sido alvo de pesquisas em diferentes áreas. Porém, mesmo frente ao seu potencial, no Brasil há poucos plantios em escala comercial. Nesse contexto, existem iniciativas que têm por objetivo avançar no conhecimento sobre a espécie, em especial no desenvolvimento e seleção de genótipos geneticamente melhorados. Diante desse cenário, o objetivo desse documento é descrever as estratégias de melhoramento genético para goiabeira-serrana desenvolvidas no estado de Santa Catarina.Abstract – Goiabeira-serrana (Acca sellowiana), has an unique flavor and characteristics of adaptability to soil and climatic conditions of Santa Catarina State (Brazil) what has raised different areas of research. However, even considering the potential of this species there is just a few orchards on a commercial scale in Brazil. In this context, initiatives have been designed to advance the knowledge about the species, in particular with regard to breeding. In this scenario, the manuscript aims to describe the genetic improvement strategies for Acca sellowiana developed in the State of Santa Catarina.
Tolerância de cultivares de arroz da Epagri à salinidade da água de irrigação na fase vegetativa
Authors: Schmidt Fabiana , Vieira Filho Leandro Otávio
Published: December 2022

Resumo – A salinização da água de irrigação prejudica o crescimento do arroz. O objetivo do estudo foi averiguar o nível de tolerância de cultivares de arroz irrigado da Epagri à salinidade da água de irrigação, na fase vegetativa. Os tratamentos compreenderam as combinações de 10 cultivares de arroz (Epagri 106, Epagri 108, Epagri 109, SCS 112, SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS114 Andosan, SCS116 Satoru, SCS117 CL, SCS118 Marques e SCS121 CL) e 4 níveis de salinidade na água de irrigação (CE – condutividade elétrica de 0, 1, 2 e 4dS m-1). O início da aplicação das soluções salinas ocorreu em 2 épocas distintas, no estádio S3 e no estádio V3 -V4 . A tolerância dos cultivares da Epagri à salinidade foi semelhante dentro de cada nível de CE da água de irrigação. O início da irrigação com água salgada no estádio V3 -V4 resultou, após 20 dias de irrigação, na redução dos sintomas do estresse salino e das perdas de massa seca da parte aérea. O estresse salino provocou redução da condutância estomática de água e CO2 ; da taxa de transpiração e do crescimento das plantas. O nível crítico da CE de 2dS m-1, recomendado como limite para a utilização da água de irrigação nas lavouras de arroz, está adequado para a fase vegetativa dos cultivares da Epagri.Abstract – The natural process of water salinization impairs severely rice growth. The aim of study was to investigate the watersalinity tolerance of Epagri’srice cultivars, in the vegetative stage. The treatments comprised combinations of 10 rice cultivars (Epagri 106, Epagri 108, Epagri 109, SCS 112, SCSBRS Tio Taka, SCS 114 Andosan, SCS116 Satoru, SCS117 CL, SCS118 Marques and SCS121 CL) and four salinity levels in the irrigation water (electrical conductivity (EC) values of 0, 1, 2 and 4 dS m-1). The early application of saline solutions occurred at two different times, in the S3 stage, and V3 -V4 stage. The tolerance of Epagri’s rice cultivars to salinity was similar within each level of water conductivity. The irrigation at the stage V3 -V4 with saline water after 20 days of irrigation reduced the visual symptoms of salt stress and losses from dry matter shoots. Salt stress caused the reduction of the stomatal conductance of water and CO2 by decreasing the transpiration rate of the plants and plant growth. The critical level EC of 2 dS m-1, as recommended limit for the use of irrigation water in rice fields, is suitable for the vegetative stage of the cultivars released by Epagri.
Performance of ‘Carrick’ pear grafted on quince rootstocks
Authors: Pasa Mateus da Silveira , Schmitz Juliano Dutra , Da Silva Carina Pereira , Giovanaz Marcos Antônio
Published: December 2022

Abstract – The performance of ‘Carrick’ pear grafted on different quince rootstocks was evaluated at the experimental field of the Federal University of Pelotas. Plant material consisted of 6-year-old ‘Carrick’ pear in spacing 1 x 5m (2000 trees ha-1), trained as central leader and grafted on quinces ‘Portugal’, ‘MC’, ‘BA29’, ‘D’vranja’ and ‘Inta 267’. Assessed parameters were: yield, yield efficiency and trunk cross sectional area (TCSA). Yield efficiency was higher with ‘Portugal’ and ‘MC’ in all growing seasons. Rootstock ‘Portugal’ induced the greatest yield in all growing seasons but 2011/2012, when no differences were found among the rootstocks. The greatest cumulative yield was found with ‘Portugal’. By TCSA, rootstocks ‘Inta 267’, ‘D’Vranja’ and ‘BA29’ are more vigorous than ‘MC’ and ‘Portugal’. ‘Portugal’ was the most productive rootstock for ‘Carrick’ and also one of the most dwarfing.Resumo – O desempenho da pereira ‘Carrick’ enxertada em diferentes porta-enxertos de marmeleiro foi avaliado durante quatro safras no campo experimental da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. O material vegetal consistiu de plantas de pereira ‘Carrick’ com seis anos de idade (1x5m; 2.000 plantas ha-1; conduzidas no sistema de líder central), enxertadas nos portaenxertos Portugal, MC, BA29, D’vranja e Inta 267. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produtividade, eficiência produtiva e área da seção transversal do tronco (ASTT). A eficiência produtiva foi maior com ‘Portugal’ e ‘MC’ em todas as safras, exceto em 2011/12. O porta-enxerto Portugal induziu a maior produtividade em todas as safras, com exceção de 2011/2012, em que não houve diferenças entre os porta-enxertos. Os resultados da ASTT mostram visivelmente que os porta-enxertos ‘Inta 267’, D’Vranja e BA29 são mais vigorosos que MC e Portugal. Pode-se concluir que a produtividade de pereira ‘Carrick’ é maior com o porta-enxerto ‘Portugal’, o qual também reduz significativamente o vigor.