bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
МЕРОПРИЯТИЯ ПО УЛУЧШЕНИЮ ИНФРАСТРУКТУРЫ ПОГРАНИЧНОГО ПЕРЕХОДА ХОРГОС – АЛТЫНКОЛЬ
Authors: Kарсыбаев Ержан , Мусалиева Роза , Рахметжанов Ардак
Published: October 2021

В данной статье рассмотрены мероприятия по развитию станции Алтынколь. Для управления процессом перегруза из вагонов 1520 мм ширины колеи в вагоны 1435 мм ширины колеи и обеспечение перегруза подвижного состава на одном межгосударственного стыкового пункта (далее МГСП) необходим единый оператор подвижного состава, в функции которого будут входить подача порожних вагонов на МГСП и его распределение между перегрузочными местами в соответствии с их потребностью. А также предполагается строительство 3 приемо-отправочных путей по колее 1520 мм для увеличения ежесуточного приема поездов на станции. Проектируемая длина путей составит по 1200 метров или 84 условных вагонов.
МӘЛІМЕТТЕР БАЗАСЫНДАҒЫ АҚПАРАТТЫҚ ЖҮЙЕЛЕРДЕ ІЗДЕУ ЖЕДЕЛДЕТУ МҮМКІНДІКТЕРІ
Authors: Басшықызы Динара
Published: October 2021

Кез келген мәліметтер базасы әртүрлі сұратымдардан тұрады. Сұратымдардың қызметі пайдаланушыға мәліметтер базасынан белгілі бір ақпараттарды көрсету болып табылады, яғни олардың негізгі қызметі іздеу болып табылады. Сондықтан неғұрлым кесте көп болса, соғұрлым сұратымдарда көп болады. Ауқымды мәліметтер базасында сұратымдар саны көп болғандықтан, немесе олардың логикалық тұрғыда дұрыс құрылмағандықтан сұратымдар баяу жұмыс істейді, ал ондай сұратымдар бүкіл мәліметтер базасын баяу жұмыс істеуіне әкеліп соқтырады. Сондықтан осындай жағдайды алдын-алу үшін сұратымдардың жылдамдығын жие-жие өлшеу қажет. Қазіргі заманғы компьютерлік өнеркәсіпте SQL тілі ең маңызды тенденция болып отыр. Соңғы жылдары SQL тілі мәліметтер базасының жалғыз тілі болды. Бүгінгі таңда SQL дербес компьютерлерде жұмыс істейтін МБ-ның жүзден астамын қолдайды. SQL тілі мәліметтер базасын басқару жүйелерінің архитектурасындағы маңызды буын болып табылады. SQL (Structured Query Language) – бұл құрылымдық сұраныстар тілінің қысқартылған атауы. Ол реляциялық мәліметтер базасында мәліметтерді құру және өңдеу құралдарын береді. Компьютерлік технологиялардан ерекшелігінен тәуелсіздігі және SQL-ді реляциялық мәліметтер базасының технологиясы облысындағы өндіріс жетекшілерімен қолдауы оны деректер базасының стандартты тіліне айландырды. SQL тілі мәліметтер базасының реляциялық типімен ғана жұмыс істейді. Төменде SQL жұмысының сұлбасы бейнеленген. Есептегіш жүйеде маңызды ақпарат сақталған мәліметтер базасы болады. Егер есептегіш жүйе кәсіпорынның кадрлар бөліміне қатысты болса, онда деректер базасында кәсіпорында қызмет ететін адамдар жайлы ақпарат (аты-жөні, туған жылы, телефоны, қызметі және т.б.) сақталуы мүмкін. Мәліметтерді сұрау және нәтиже алу процесі мәліметтер базасында сұраныстар деп аталады, яғни сұраныстардың құрылымдық тілі.
ЗАМАНАУИ ЭКОНОМИКА – КӘСІБИ БІЛІМ ЭКОНОМИКАСЫ
Authors: Қайратқызы Гүлстан , Жүнісқанқызы, Күлғайша , Жанбиров Жұмажан
Published: October 2021

Соңғы онжылдықтарда экономикалық теорияның дамуы жұмыс күшінің кеңейтілген көбею проблемаларына арналған жұмыстар санының артуымен сипатталады. Бүгінгі таңда еліміздегі кәсіпорындардың инновациялық белсенділігі де маңызды факторлар болып табылады, жаңа технологияларды экономикалық айналымға тарту, қажетті сапа мен мөлшердегі ресурстардың әлеуетін жұмылдыру қабілеті тек кәсіби мамандардың қолынан келетіні айқын.
RESEARCH OF DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF HIGH-SPEED TRAFFIC IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Bitigov Yermek , Bekzhanov Dinar , Bekzhanova Saule
Published: October 2021

The start of work on the high-speed highway has become a real technological challenge. Since we are talking about a new high-tech railway facility, there is a need for fundamentally new engineering and technical solutions, innovative approaches to conducting surveys, designing, building and operating new rolling stock and infrastructure.High accuracy in the design, construction and maintenance of the railway track is of key importance in the creation of a high-speed highway. A thorough analysis of the experience of the world's leading organizations in China, Japan and European countries, specializing in the creation and operation of high-speed highways, shows that the most effective system-technical solution is the transition to the use of high-precision coordinate methods of design, construction and maintenance management of infrastructure and rolling stock.It is precisely the high-precision coordinate methods that open the way to the transition to the operation of the infrastructure in the design position. And this, according to the world's leading experts, is an opportunity to reduce the cost of the current maintenance of such an expensive infrastructure by 20-30%.The technical solution that ensures the use of coordinate methods in the" end-to-end " technological life cycle of infrastructure objects is the creation of a high-precision coordinate system along the directions of the high-speed highway.
NANOSATELLITE MOTION SIMULATION FOR TESTING THE SUN SENSOR
Authors: Nurgizat Yerkebulan
Published: October 2021

Nanosatellite (NS) began to perform complex missions that require high orientation. In this research, we developed a mathematical model of solar sensors to determine the orientation of a NS. Various moments of obtaining the angle of the sun's rays when they hit the solar sensors were presented. The test results of the solar sensors used to simulate various orbit scenarios are described in detail, and graphs of the solar sensor readings are plotted based on the results obtained.
The article deals with modeling the motion of a NS in orbit. The NS is equipped with 6 solar panels. The VTS software was used to simulate the motion of the NS. Also, in the study of determining the orientation, two different problems were considered, that is, when the satellite is in the shadow part of the earth and when it is in the solar part of the earth. For these tasks, a mathematical model for determining the orientation was built. This method is very relevant for the study of small spacecraft.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО ТРАНСПОРТА КАЗАХСТАНА
Authors: Мусаев Жанат , Туркебаев Мукангали , Кибитова Рита
Published: October 2021

Казахстан занимает девятое место по площади территории в мире, и в данных условиях транспорт становится единственным способом преодоления значительных расстояний между регионами, это касается как грузовых перевозок, так и перевозок пассажиров. Исторически сложилось так, что страна не имеет выхода к морям и океанам, кроме Каспийского, и как результат - основная доля всех перевозок приходится на сухопутные виды транспорта.Потребности развития экономики Казахстана, интенсификация участия республики в интеграционных объединениях предполагают проведение эффективных мер, которые позволят создать условия для своевременной адаптации железнодорожного транспорта к развитию рыночных отношений, участию в международных транзитных перевозках. Реализация подобных мероприятий требует привлечения значительных инвестиций, соответствующего уровня государственного регулирования и корпоративного управления, а также подготовки специалистов, владеющих современными международными технологиями и правилами организации перевозок, железнодорожный транспорт, железнодорожное машиностроение, направления развития, железнодорожные перевозки, транзитный потенциал.Как показывает практика, средняя скорость на казахстанских железных дорогах составляет 50 км/ч, в России этот показатель равен 70 км/ч, в Китае - 90 км/ч, при увеличении скорости движения на казахстанских железных дорогах до 100 км/ час, грузооборот автоматически вырастет в два раза.В статье показано, что с увеличением возможностей Казахстана в качестве транзитного коридора, а также его центральное положение на маршруте Азия - ЕС делают страну идеальным местом для создания рынка транспортных услуг, таких как прокат подвижного состава, логистические решения и перевозка грузов.
UROLOGICAL MALIGNANCY DIAGNOSIS BY USING STANDARD PROTOCOL OF INVESTIGATION FOR HAEMATURIA
Authors: Muhammad Israr  , Nisar All  , Muhammad Hussain
Published: October 2021

OBJECTIVE: To diagnose the urological malignancy by using standard protocol of investigation forHaematuria.Materials and Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of surgery SaiduTeaching Hospital Swat from Jan 2005 to Dec 2008. The Standard protocol of investigating haematuriaincluded flexible cyctoscopy, urine cytology and culture, upper renal trac: imaging, consisting of renal tractultrasound scan, radiograph of Kidney, Ureter , Bladder (KUB) and intravenous urogram (IVU) in patientswhere needed.RESULTS: total of 455 patients were included in this study; 330 (72.52%) were males and 125 (27.47%)were females. Frank Haematuria was reported by 155 (34%) patients.(110 males and 45 females). Patientspresenting with microscopic haematuria formed 65.93% (n=300) of the total (220 males and 80 females).Median age was 55 years (20- 90). Malignancy was found in 12.52 % (n=57) of all patients 10.76% (n=49)with frank haematuria and 1.75 % (n=8) of patients with microscopic haematuria.No malignancy was detected under the age of 50 years with microscopic haematuria. Where 2.58% (n=4)under 50 yearswith frank haematuria werediagnosed to have malignancy.CONCLUSIONS: All patients with frank haematuria and those with microscopic haematuria above 50years of age should be fully investigated to rule out urological malignancy. Patients under 50 years of agewith microscopic haematuria have a lower priority for investigation.Keywords; haematuria, malignancy, intravenous urogram (IVU)
CLINICAL PRESENTATION AND SURGICAL TREATMENT OF THYROGLOSSAL DUCT ANOMALIES (TGDAS).
Authors: Mahid Iqba  , Sanaullah  , Muhammad Hussain  , Gulshan Hussain  , Sharafat Ali  , Javed Zaman  , Asadullah
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To study the profdes of patients presenting with Thyroglossal duct anomalies and the outcomeof their surgical treatment.Study Design: Descriptive.Setting and duration of the study: Saidu Teaching Hospital Saidu Sharif Swat, from November 2005 toNovember 2006.Patients and methods: All patients were admitted through Out- patient department. They were analyzed onthe basis of location, age, sex, clinical presentation, operative findings, surgical procedure performed andduration of follow up. All the operations were done by the fellows of Oto-rhino-laryngology.Diagnosis was based on clinical examination in all cases. Ultrasound was carried out in all the patients tolocalize thyroid gland.Thyroid isotope scan and fistulogram are necessary preoperatively to find outfunctioning ectopic thyroid tissues and to see the extant of the tract. These investigations were not carriedout due to poor socioeconomic condition of the patients. Histopathological study was done in all the casesResults: A total of fifteen patients with clinically suspected thyroglossal duct anomalies were admitted fromNovember 2005 to Nov 2006. Out of the fifteen patients, one was female while the 14 cases were male.Age of the patients ranged from 2-16 years. Ten patients were below 8 years of age while 05 patients wereabove 8 years. Majority (53.5%) presented with neck swelling followed by discharging fistula (33.3%). Allpatients presented with midline swelling except one on the left side. Majority of swellings, i.e. 66% werepresent in the infra-hyoid region, while 26% presented at the pre-hyoid area. Per-operative findingsincludes 07 cases with tract up to the hyoid, 3 up to the tongue base, 3 tract attached to the hyoid bone, oneup to thyro-hyoid membrane, while in one case no tract was found.Conclusion; It is concluded from our study that most of the patients were below 8 years of age; malechildren were predominantly affected and majority of them presented with cystic swelling on one side ofneck.In 10 patients, the anomalies were situated in the infrahyoid region.No recurrence occurred viaperforming standard Sistrunck procedure at one year follow up.Key words; Key words: Thryoglossal duct anomalies, Sistrunk operation
OUTCOME OF CATARACT SURGERY IN CHILDREN
Authors: Haroon Rashid  , Faizur Rahman  , Sayed Ashfaq Ali Shah  , Muhammad Ali Jan
Published: October 2021

Objectives: To evaluate the management and visual outcome of cataract surgery in children.

Study design: Descriptive.

Material and Methods: This study included one hundred pediatric patients having cataracts over a periodof two year, from Is' January 2005 to 31 st December 2006, at the Department of Ophthalmology, SaiduTeaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat.

Results: Age range was fourteen years and below. Sixty five (65%) patients were males and thirty five (35%) females. Sixty three (63%) patients had congenital or developmental cataracts and thirty seven (37%) had traumatic cataracts. Extracapsular cataract extraction (aspiration) was performed on 150 eyes. Postoperative visual acuity was recordable in 112 eyes. Acorrected visual acuity of 6/18 or better was obtained in50 (44.64%) eyes. Forty one (36.6%) eyes obtained visual acuity of 6/24 to 6/60, while in 21 (18.75%) eyesthe visual acuity remained below 6/60. The most common postoperative complication was development ofthick posterior capsule, which occurred in 51 (34%) eyes and vitreous loss in 10 (6.6%) eyes. Pupil blockglaucoma developed in 4 (2.66%) eyes. No case developed endophthalmitis. Posterior chamber IOL wasimplanted in 9 (6%) eyes.

Conclusions: Management of cataracts in children is still a problem and delayed presentation leads to poorvisual outcome. The public should be educated to seek early treatment for childhood cataracts. Paramedicsand doctors should be made aware of the problem and its management. Management of unilateral cataractsis still a difficult problem. Therefore search should continue for better surgical approach and better methodsof correction of aphakia so as to achieve better visual outcome.

Key words: Childhood Cataracts, Congenital Cataracts and Traumatic Cataracts.
SEROLOGICAL CONFIRMATION OF MEASLES IN CHILDREN ADMITTED WITH CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS OF MEASLES.
Authors: Israr ul Haq  , Ashfaq Ahmed  , Muhammad Ali Jan  , Ihsan ul Haq  , Muhammad Bashir
Published: October 2021

Objective: To determine the frequency of IgM antibodies in clinically diagnosed cases of measles.Design: Cross-sectional, descriptive studyPlace and duration: Department of Pediatrics, Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Saidu Sharif, Swat(from 1st Jan 2010-31 Dec 2011).Patients and method: A total of 150 patients of measles clinically diagnosed were enrolled for the study.Detailed history, demographic profile and vaccination status were recorded. Blood samples were collectedfrom all subjects for measles serology by observing WHO protocol.Results: Out of 150 patients, 57% (86) were male and 43% (64) were female with mean age of 38.28±30.99months. Out of these 150 patients, 66% (99) were positive for measles IgM antibodies, while 34% (51) werenegative for measles IgM. Out of 51 measles negative patients 11.8% (6) were positive for rubella.Conclusion: Diagnosing measles on clinical features alone is reasonable but not specific and IgM may beused to confirm the diagnosisKey words: Measles, IgM antibodies, children, vaccination status
ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN BILIARY ASCARIAS1S AN EXPERIENCE OF 20 CASES
Authors: Muhammad Naseem  , Israr ul Haq  , Salman Mustaan  , Anwar ul haq  , Manzoor Ali
Published: October 2021

Objective: To asses the efficacy of ultrasound in diagnosis of biliary ascariasisStudy Design : Cross sectional, descriptive study.Place and duration: Department of Radiology Saidu Group of Teaching Hospitals. Saidu Sharif. Swat.From l st Jan 2011 - 31 Dec 2011.Patients and method : All patients with ultrasound findings of biliary ascariasis were included in the study.A proforma was filled for each patient and each patient was followed in the wards, they were admitted .Follow up ultrasound was done for those patients who w ere treated conservatively.Results: Out of 20 patients. 60 %( n=12 ) were males and 40 %( n=8) were females. Sixty five percent werebelow 15 year of age. Nine patients were operated while 11 were treated conservatively.Conclusion: Biliary' Ascariasis is common in District Sw at and Ultrasonography is an effective noninvasivemethod of diagnosis.Key words: Ultrasonography, biliary ascariasis. Radiology.
CHILDHOOD CATARACTSCHILDHOOD CATARACTS
Authors: Faiz-ur-Rahman
Published: October 2021

In a developing country like Pakistan, where asignificant (43.3%) portion of the population isbelow 14 years of age 1, childhood cataracts makeup a large portion of the childhood blindness. Theprevalence of blindness among children indifferent regions varies from 0.2/1000 to over1.5/1000 children 1 and the proportion of blindnessin children due to cataracts varies considerablybetween regions from 10%-30 % with a globalaverage estimated at 14%.’it presents an enormousproblem to the developing countries in terms ofhuman morbidity, economic loss and socialburden.4
ROLE OF BLOOD VISCOSITY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF SKIN ULCER (DIABETIC FOOT) IN TYPE-1 AND TYPE-2 DIABETICS.
Authors: TAJ MUHAMMAD KHAN  , MUHAMMAD TARIQ  , PURDIL KHAN  , FAZLI AKBAR  , IZAZUR REHMAN  , KHURSHID AHMAD  , ALAM ZEB  , SAEED JAN  , IKRAMUL MABOOD
Published: October 2021

Aims & Objectives: Objective of the study was to determine the role of blood viscosity in thedevelopment of skin ulcer (diabetic foot) in type-1 and type-2 diabetics.Materials and Methods: The present study was carried out on type-1 and type-2 diabetics taken from skinand medical outpatient department of Saidu Teaching Hospital. A group of healthy subjects was collectedfrom general population of the area. Each group comprised of 30 subjects. Body weight, height, body massindex, fasting blood sugar, fibrinogen, albumin and globulin concentration, relative blood, plasma andserum viscosity were measured and compared.

Results: Fasting blood sugar, fibrinogen, albumin and globulin concentration, relative blood, plasma andserum viscosity were significantly raised (p<0.05) in type-1 diabetics than type-2 diabetics and highlysignificantly raised (p<0.01) than control healthy subjects.

Conclusion: The onset of complications is different in the two groups of diabetics (type-1 and type-2),earlier in type-1 diabetics and delayed in type-2 diabetics.

Key words: Blood viscosity, diabetes and diabetic foot.
HOSPITAL OUTCOMES OF ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN PATIENTS WITH AND WITHOUT DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: Ibrahim Shah  , Sherbahadar  , Mohammad Hafizullah  , Syed Tahir Shah  , Abdul Hadi
Published: October 2021

Objective: To compare hospital outcomes of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with andwithout diabetes mellitus.Methodology: This observational cohort study was carried out in the department of Cardiology,Postgraduate Medical Institute Govt. Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar. A total of 444 patients with AMIwere studied from December 2009 to December 2011. Among these half of patients were diabetic whilerests were non-diabetic. After enrolment in the study, patients were monitored for in- hospital complicationsofAMI.Results: Most of the baseline characteristics were similar between the two groups of patients. Howeverpatients in diabetic group had more hypertension, dyslipidemia, high glucose level, less smoking, high heartrate and raised blood pressure on presentation as compared to patients in non-diabetic group. Complicationrates were significantly higher in the diabetic group as compared to non-diabetic group. Complication ratesbetween diabetic and non-diabetic groups were atrial fibrillation (AF) 14.4% V 8.1%; P=0.036 respectivelywhile ventricular tachycardia (VT) 10.8% V 13.1% ;P=0.464, ventricular fibrillation (VF) 3.2% V 4.1 %;P=0.611, advanced AV blocks 12.2%V 6.3% ;P=0.033, acute heart failure (AHF) 24.8% V 17.1% ;P=0.047,cardiogenic shock(CS) 18% V 7.2%;P=0.001, recurrent MI (Re-MI) 14.4% V 7.7%; P=0.000, acute renalfailure 9%V5%; P=0.001 and death rate 13.5 % V 8.1 %; P=0.000 respectively.Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus is associated with an increase risk of in-hospital complications afterAMI.Key words: Diabetes mellitus, hospital Outcomes,Acute Myocardial Infarction
EVALUATION OF STATUS OF SALT IODIZATION AND COMMUNITY AWARENESS REGARDING USE AND AVAILABILITY OF IODIZED SALT IN DISTRICT SWAT
Authors: Qaribullah  , Alam Zeb  , Khurshid Ahmad  , Rab Nawaz  , Iftikhar ud Din
Published: October 2021

The effect of Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) ranges from stillbirth to reductions in IQ according to thelevel of iodine deficiency and is effectively preventable by the use of iodized salt. Globally it affects 2 billionpeople, mostly in mountainous areas. Northern areas of Pakistan are highly endemic for IDD. Swat was thefirst district to introduce salt iodization in the private sector, in 1993.Objectives: Objectives of this descriptive study is to assess the present status of iodized salt in District Swatwith regard to availability, usage and awareness of the inhabitant of the household about the benefits ofiodized salt.Material & Methods: Duration of study:3 months. Sample size: data was collected by a pretestedquestionnaire, separately designed for shops, houses and salt factories, from all salt producing factories inthe area and stratified randomized technique was used for50 shops & 240 houses of the area, with equal halfwere taken from rural & urban areas.Result: Result of cumulative use of iodized salt 90 %, availability is 90 % & production is 89 % . The overallawareness about the use of iodized salt benefits is 39.2 %, more in urban (45 %) areas as compare to ruralareas (33.3 %).KEYWORDS: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD), iodized salt, USI (universal salt iodization)
TREATMENT OUTCOME OF PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS UNDER OBSERVATIONAL THERAPY: AT DISTRICT SWAT, KPK, PAKISTAN
Authors: Shah Jehan  , Mir Sadiq Shah  , Rahmat Ali Khan  , Khurshid Ahmad  , S.M.Naeem
Published: October 2021

Background & Objective: The treatment of tuberculosis is cheap and highly effective, yet world wide thedisease remains a serious cause of illness and death. That's why WHO has called for the universal adaptationof DOTS (Directly observe treatment short course). The aim of this study was to analyze the effectiveness ofDOTS in term of cure and treatment completion rates among pulmonary tuberculoses patients at DistrictSwat, after the implication of DOTS.

Methods: 167 male and female pulmonary tuberculosis patients age more than 15 years were enrolled forthe third quarter of 2002 (July to September) and were assessed on the basis of history chest X-ray, sputumsmear microscopy and culture.

Results: Out of 167 patients, 108(65%) were sputum smear positive by direct microscopy and 59(35%)were sputum smear negative patients confirmed on clinical grounds. The treatment outcome was calculated12-15 months later. The outcome was 53% cured, 34% completed, 1% died, 9% defaulted, 0% failed and 3%transferred out. Notification rate was 152/100,000 population and case detection rate was 65% in pulmonarytuberculosis patients. Cure rates among the groups of supporters as by family members were 78% and 68%by Lady Health Workers.

Conclusion: To achieve the target of 70% case detection and 85% treatment success, the health educationpromotion, fully involvement of lady health workers in the program and training in DOTS of care providerswith flexible DOTS (individualized as necessary) component of observation with in the socio-cultural andlocal circumstances are the needs of the future program.

Keywords: DOTS, Swat, Kyber Pakhtonkhwa, Pakistan
PROPHYLACTIC USE OF MISOPROSTOL FOR THE PREVENTION OF POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE AND ATONIC UTERUS IN CESARION SECTION DELIVERIES.
Authors: NUZHAT AMIN
Published: October 2021

BACK GROUND: Post partum hemorrhage still remains a major cause of maternal death. Syntocinonis the first line protective measure in this regard. However this is heat sensitive and losses its efficacyafter storage for some time. On the other hand misoprostol do not losses its efficacy for long time afterstorage, is cheap, can be stored at room temperature and give the same result as syntocinon in preventingpostpartum hemorrhage and atonic uterus.OBJECTIVE: To assess the prophylactic use of misoprostol in preventing PPH and management ofatonic uterus, and compare it with conventional i/v syntocinon routinely used in hospitals for cesariondeliveries.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This is a semi experimental study, which was conducted in Mardanmedical complex Hospital Mardan, department of obstetrics and gynecology unit A, between May 2014to May 2015. 200 women have give birth to their babies by C-section were included in the study anddivided into 2 groups, a control group (100 women who received syntocinon) and a study group (100women who received rectal misoprostol). Syntocinon lOu i/v injection and misoprostol 800ug (4tablets)per rectum were given to women in control and study group respectively, immediately after delivery ofthe baby. Blood loss after delivery and frequency of atonic PPH were recorded and compared betweenthe two groups. Side effects of both drugs were also noted.RESULTS: There was no significant difference in blood loss after delivery. Control group 250ml, studygroup 300ml, P value -0.18). The frequency of atonic PPH in study and control groups was similarranging between 3% and 4%.Side effects of misoprostol ( shivering 25% , fever 15% , vomiting 12%and diarrhea 5%) were significant ( P value <0.05 ) but all were temporary and not life threatening.CONCLUSION: Misoprostol can be used for the prevention of PPH and to reduce atonic uterus afterC-section deliveries, especially in poor countries where facilities for storage of oxytocin are notavailable. Benefits of misoprostol outweigh its side effects.Key Words: prophylaxis, atonic postpartum hemorrhage, rectal, misoprostol, syntocinon,underdeveloped countries.
MATERNAL COMPLICATIONS OF SEVERE PRE-ECLAMPSIA AND ECLAMPSIA
Authors: ASIA HABIB  , ZAHOOR AHMED  , MOHAMMAD ILYAS SIDDIQUI  , JAMIL UR RAHMAN  , SM NAEEM
Published: October 2021

BACK GROUND: Preeclampsia (PE) and eclampsia have been matters of serious medical concernsassociated with pregnancy. About 5 to 10% of pregnancies are associated with hypertensive disorders.These include gestational hypertension, preeclampsia (PE), chronic hypertension and preeclampsiasuperimposed on chronic hypertension. Preeclampsia can lead to substantial maternal and fetalmorbidity and mortality.OBJECTIVE: The aim of present study is to determine the maternal complications of severepreeclampsia and eclampsia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This Retrospective Study was carried out at the Department ofGynecology and Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, Peshawar and Department of Biochemistry, KhyberMedical College, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during May, 2013 and April, 2014 on 156 femalepatients with history of preeclampsia and eclampsiameeting predetermined selected criteria.RESULTS: Out of 156 patients with preeclampsia and eclampsia, 94 cases(60.30%) were in the agegroup of 20-30 years. Primigravida were 43.60%(n=68 cases) while multigravidas were 41.70%(n=65cases). Delivery route was mainly vaginal in 127 cases(80%). The most frequent maternal complicationwas HELLP syndrome in 7.10%(n=l leases), visual disturbances in 7.70%(n=12cases), hepaticcomplications in 4.50%(n=7cases),DIC in 3.80%(n=6cases), renal impairment in 3.20%(n=5cases),aspiration pneumonia in 2.60%(n=4cases) and maternal mortality in 9.60%(n=15 cases).CONCLUSION:Pre-eclampsia and eclampsiaare associated with increase in maternal morbidity andmortality. Complications can be prevented by proper antenatal checkups, increasing literacy rate,creating awareness regarding health education and early diagnosis and referral to tertiary level hospitals.Key Words: Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, Maternal Complications,HELLP syndrome.
INCIDENCE OF ADENOMYOSIS AND THEIR ASSOCIATIONS WITH OTHER UTERINE WALL PATHOLOGIES IN HYSTERECTOMY SPECIMENS
Authors: SANIA TANWEER KHATTAK  , MOHAMMAD SAJJAD  , MUSHTAQ AHMED  , IMRAN UD DIN  , MOHAMMAD ASIF
Published: October 2021

BACKGROUND: Adenomyosis is a gynaecological condition in which there occurs an ectopicendometrial tissue in myometrial layer of uterine wall. Adenomyosis is one of the most common causesof abnormal uterine bleeding.OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of adenomyosis and their association with other uterinepathologies in hysterectomy specimens in northern district of Khyber pukhthunkhwa.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive study was conducted in Gynecology department andPathology department of Saidu Medical College / Saidu teaching hospital Swat. The study period wasfrom June 2013 to June 2016. A total of 250 hysterectomies were included in the study. The inclusioncriteria was only hysterectomies specimens of any age, whereas exclusion criteria were autolysedspecimen. A minimum of two sections and a maximum of six sections were taken from the uterine wall.Sections 5 micron thick were stained with H&E and reported by histopathologists. The data wasanalysed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16 for frequencies with percentagesand mean with standard deviation.RESULTS: A total of 250 hysterectomies were included in this study with mean age of 37.5±8.47 yearsand age range was from 25 to 65 years. The incidence of adenomyosis was 34.8% amongst 250hysterectomies specimens and was the second common lesion where as leiomyoma was the firstcommon lesion. The most common age group in adenomyosis was between 35-45 years 43(49.42%)cases followed by 25-35 years 32(36.78%) cases etc. Adenomyosis was present in 84(95.40%) caseswith endometrial wall thickness of more than 2.5 millimeter.CONCLUSION: Adenomyosis was the second commonest lesion in hysterectomy specimen and wassignificantly associated with other uterine pathologies.KEY WORDS: Hysterectomy, Adenomyosis, Uterine wall thickness.
A A Pharmacological Study of Anupa and Jangala Deshastha Shitivaraka (Celosia argentea Linn.). W.S.R. Mootralkarma
Authors: Lavate Nitin
Published: October 2021

Pharmacology, the science of drug action, has helped to elucidate many basic physiological and pathological mechanisms in health and disease. Various animal experimental models have been designed to study the effect of drugs on living organisms and isolated tissues. These give an insight about where and how a drug acts, the mode of action of a drug, its effect on various body systems and probable adverse effects before administration of a drug. Therefore, the object of pharmacology is to provide such scientific data in animals as well as humans, which forms the basis of rational therapeutics.
The  Jalamahabhuta is fundamental base of origin for kapha  dosha and mootra. These are supposed to have Asray-Asrayi Sambandha . It means these are directly proportional to each other. So by using the drug which is having the mootrala property Kapha may be controlled. Here an effort is made to prove this concept with modern parameters like immunomodulation, anti-inflammatory and antihistaminic activity.
Ayurveda approach in the management of Covid-19 in pregnancy- A review study.
Authors: Vibha Adhave
Published: October 2021

The covid-19 Pandemic in India is part of the worldwide pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Corona virus 2 .  The disease originates through bats and spread from unknown mediums to People. Ideally, the condition is spread by Inhalation or close contact with the infected patient’s Droplets. Incubation Periods in between 2 and 14 days there are so many infections and Death that have been caused by the disease. The symptoms of the disease include fever, cough, sneezing, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, generalized weakness. The diagnosis of the disease depends upon multiple symptoms of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Based on the available evidence, various clinical guidelines for the management of COVID-19 have been formulated. Ayurveda has documented the first reference of epidemics as Janapadodhwamsa and has given a scientific insight into its causes, effect, and prevention along with management strategies. This article intends to compile and summarise guidelines from esteemed organizations along with their implication in the Indian ethical scenario and offers an easy tool for clinicians managing pregnant women in times of COVID-19. The clinical profile of COVID-19 matches with Vata-Kapha dominant Sannipataja Jwara for which detailed treatment guidelines and an array of pharmaceutical preparations are described in Ayurvedic literature which are being practiced by qualified Ayurvedic physicians effectively for long. This highlights the Ayurvedic perspective of the COVID-19 along with its prevention, prophylaxis and management strategies through Ayurveda
Rafael Lerma’s Photojournalistic Take on the Duterte Administration’s Drug War: A Counter-Barthesian Semiological Study
Authors: Demeterio III, Feorillo A.
Published: October 2021

Rafael Lerma is an award-winning and outspoken Filipino photojournalist who works for the broadsheet The Philippine Daily Inquirer. When President Rodrigo Duterte took office on 01 July 2016 and started to implement his campaign promise to mount a thorough war on drugs, Lerma became one of the photojournalists who consistently documented the grisly track of the said war. His most iconic image—that of a dead pedicab driver being cradled by his grief-stricken widow—did not escape the rambling speech of the President himself during the latter’s first State of the Nation Address. This paper culls 25 of Lerma’s most famous images related to the Duterte administration’s drug war. From these 25 images, six recurrent sociocultural icons have been identified: 1) poverty; 2) the dehumanization/demonization of the casualties; 3) religion; 4) the weakness of governance in the Philippines; 5) Operation Plan Tokhang conducted by the Philippine National Police; and 6) the state and the nation. By subjecting these visual sociocultural icons to an inverted version of the semiology of the early phase of the French philosopher and cultural critic Roland Barthes, the researcher textually explores Lerma’s take on the said war. Furthermore, this paper theoretically tests the capacity of Barthes’ semiology to tackle not only ideological discourses that are tucked beneath some sociocultural icons but more so counter-ideological discourses that are launched by the less privileged sectors of society.
Regenerative Documentary: Posthuman Art in the Context of the Philippine Drug War
Authors: Arumpac Adjani Guerero
Published: October 2021

Regenerative documentary is generated by a composite unity that comprises the living system of resistance in the Philippines. It takes into account the contingent, illustrated by artist groups—Respond and Break the Silence over the Killings (RESBAK), Sandata, and Gantala Press—that converged with the living system of resistance where and when human rights was curtailed by an environment of impunity, systemic poverty, social inequality, and injustice. The purpose of regenerative documentary is to identify and make known that a system of resistance exists and it is living. By harnessing the ideas of narrative, emergence, and ethicality espoused by autopoiesis and critical posthumanism, regenerative documentary situates its expediency within the context of the Philippine human rights violations under the Duterte regime as a transformative critical posthuman art.
Electoral Disinformation: Looking Through the Lens of Tsek.ph Fact Checks
Authors: Chua Yvonne , Soriano Jake
Published: October 2021

Elections are fertile ground for disinformation. The 2019 midterm elections, like the 2016 presidential election, buttress this observation. This ugly side of electoral contests is documented by Tsek.ph, a pioneering collaborative fact-checking initiative launched by three universities and eleven newsrooms specifically for the midterms. Its repository of fact checks provides valuable insights into the nature of electoral disinformation before, during and after the elections. Clearly, electoral disinformation emanates from candidates and supporters alike, on conventional (e.g., speeches and sorties) and digital (e.g., social media) platforms. Its wide range of victims includes the media no less.
PDE problems in the Landau-de Gennes theory for Nematic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Majumdar Apala
Published: October 2021

Nematic liquid crystals are classical examples of partially ordered materials that combine fluidity with the order of crystalline solids. Nematics have long-range orientational order i.e. they are directional materials with special directions, referred to as directors. The Landau-de Gennes theory is one of the most celebrated and powerful continuum theories for nematic liquid crystals. In this talk, we review the mathematical framework for the Landau-de Gennes theory with emphasis on the Landau-de Gennes free energy and the associated Euler-Lagrange equations, which are typically a system of coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations. We review some recent results for boundary-value problems in the Landau-de Gennes theory, including results on the multiplicity, defect sets and asymptotic analysis of energy-minimizing solutions. We also describe the physical relevance of these solutions, followed by case studies of applications in the physical sciences and industry.
The Inviscid Primitive Equations and the Effect of Rotation
Authors: Titi Edriss
Published: October 2021

Large scale dynamics of the oceans and the atmosphere is governed by the primitive equations (PEs). It is well-known that the three-dimensional viscous primitive equations are globally well-posed in Sobolev spaces. In this talk, I will discuss the ill-posedness in Sobolev spaces, the local well-posedness in the space of analytic functions, and the finite-time blowup of solutions to the three-dimensional inviscid PEs with rotation (Coriolis force). Eventually, I will also show, in the case of "well-prepared" analytic initial data, the regularizing effect of the Coriolis force by providing a lower bound for the life-span of the solutions which grows toward infinity with the rotation rate. The latter is achieved by a delicate analysis of a simple limit resonant system whose solution approximate the corresponding solution of the 3D inviscid PEs with the same initial data.
On total variation flow type equations
Authors: Giga Yoshikazu
Published: October 2021

The classical total variation flow is the L^2 gradient flow of the total variation. The total variation of a function u is one-Dirichlet energy, i.e.,∫ |Du| dx. Different from the Dirichlet energy ∫ |Du|^2 dx/2, the energy density is singular at the place where the slope of the function u equals zero. Because of this structure, its gradient flow is actually non-local in the sense that the speed of slope zero part (called a facet) is not determined by infinitesimal quantity. Thus, the definition of a solution itself is a nontrivial issue even for the classical total variation flow. This becomes more serious if there is non-uniform driving force term.
Recently,
there need to study various types of such equations.A list of examples includes the total variation map flow as well as the classical total variation flow and its fourth order version in image de - noising,
crystalline mean curvature flow or fourth order total variation flow in crystal growth problems which are important models in materials science below roughening temperature.
In this talk,
we survey recent progress on these equations with special emphasis on a crystalline mean curvature flow whose solvability was left open more than ten years.We shall give a global - in -time unique solvability in the level - set sense.It includes a recent extension when there is spatially non - uniform driving force term which is going to be published in the journal SN Partial Differential Equations.These last well - posedness results are based on my joint work with N.Požár(Kanazawa University) whose basic idea depends on my earlier joint work with M. - H.Giga(The University of Tokyo) and N.Požár.
Segregation, interaction of species and related free boundary problems
Authors: Terracini Susanna
Published: October 2021

Reaction-diffusion systems with strong interaction terms appear in many multi-species physical problems as well as in population dynamics, chemistry and material science. The qualitative properties of the solutions and their limiting profiles in different regimes have been at the center of the community's attention in recent years. A prototypical example appears when looking for solitary wave solutions for Bose-Einstein condensates of two (or more) different hyperfine states which overlap in space. Typically the forces between particles in the same state are attractive while those between particles in different states can be either attractive or repulsive. If the condensates repel, they eventually separate spatially giving rise to a free boundary. This phenomenon is called phase separation and has been described in recent literature, both physical and mathematical.
One of the most interesting problems researchers investigate is when different phases of matter,
populations,
or clusters exist in a single space(i.e.in adjacent cells).Their interest focuses not only in how these different phases / populations / clusters interact with one another,
but also on the properties of the boundaries separating them.The recent literature shows that the walls separating the different phases are geometrically tractable surfaces,
as well as multiple junctions among them.This involves developing novel variational methods and geometric measure theory and free boundary tools.Relevant connections have been established with optimal partition problems involving spectral functionals.The classification of entire solutions and the geometric aspects of the nodal sets of solutions are of fundamental importance as well.We intend to focus on the most recent development of the theory in connection with problems featuring anomalous diffusions,
long - range and non symmetric.
Nonuniformly elliptic problems
Authors: Mingione Giuseppe
Published: October 2021

Regularity for nonuniformly elliptic problems has been developed intensively over the last years, especially due to the interest raised by a few special model examples coming from the Calculus of Variations. I shall first give a brief overview of main results in the variational setting and then I shall present some more recent ones obtained in collaboration with Cristiana De Filippis (Università di Torino).
Learning Nonlinear Operators using Deep Neural Networks for Diverse Applications
Authors: Karniadakis George
Published: October 2021

The universal approximation theorem of operators is suggestive of the potential of NNs in learning from scattered data any continuous operator or complex system. We first generalize the theorem to deep neural networks, and subsequently we apply it to design a new composite NN with small generalization error, the deep operator network (DeepONet), consisting of a NN for encoding the discrete input function space (branch net) and another NN for encoding the domain of the output functions (trunk net). We demonstrate that DeepONet can learn various explicit operators, e.g., integrals, Laplace transforms and fractional Laplacians, as well as implicit operators that represent deterministic and stochastic differential equations. More generally, DeepOnet can learn multiscale operators spanning across many scales and trained by diverse sources of data simultaneously. We will demonstrate the effectiveness of DeepOnet to Multiphysics and multiscale problems and compare against other operator regression networks such as the Fourier Neural Operator (FNO), which is limited to simple domains.
Nonlinear Schrödinger systems with large interaction forces between different components
Authors: Byeon Jaeyoung
Published: October 2021

There have been many studies on the asymptotic behavior of low energy solutions for a single elliptic equation as an involved parameter approaches to a threshold. In this case, the asymptotic behavior depends on a balance between the differential operator and nonlinearity, and their interaction with a geometry of a underlying domain. On the other hand, even though the elliptic systems coming from nonlinear Schrödinger systems have a simple looking interaction terms, even the construction of nontrivial low energy solutions is not easy in general since the Morse indices of the nontrivial solutions could be high depending types of interaction terms.
When the interaction forces between different components are very large,
we believe that a relatively simpler structure we can see.Nevertheless,
a wide variety of their asymptotic behavior we could imagine as various kinds of combination
for the interaction between components might produce various effects on the asymptotic behavior.The general study
for elliptic systems with large interaction forces is quite challenging.
In this talk,
I would like to introduce my recent studies with collaborators on three components systems as basic steps to get general understanding
for elliptic systems with large interaction forces.
Long-time dynamics of the Fisher-KPP equation with nonlocal diffusion and free boundary
Authors: Du Yihong
Published: October 2021

We consider the Fisher-KPP equation with free boundary and "nonlocal diffusion". We show the problem is well-posed, and its long-time dynamical behavior is governed by a spreading-vanishing dichotomy. Moreover, we completely determine the spreading profile, which may have a finite spreading speed determined by a semi-wave problem, or have infinite spreading speed (accelerated spreading), according to whether a threshold condition on the kernel function is satisfied. Further more, for some typical kernel functions, we obtain sharp estimates of the spreading speed (whether finite or infinite).
Deep Learning in Numerical Analysis
Authors: Grohs Philipp
Published: October 2021

The development of new classification and regression algorithms based on deep neural networks coined Deep Learning have had a dramatic impact in the areas of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and data analysis. More recently, these methods have been applied successfully to the numerical solution of partial differential equations (PDEs). However, a rigorous analysis of their potential and limitations is still largely open. In this talk we will survey recent results contributing to such an analysis. In particular I will present recent empirical and theoretical results supporting the capability of Deep Learning based methods to break the curse of dimensionality for several high dimensional PDEs, including nonlinear Black Scholes equations used in computational finance, Hamilton Jacobi Bellman equations used in optimal control, and stationary Schrödinger equations used in quantum chemistry. Despite these encouraging results, it is still largely unclear for which problem classes a Deep Learning based ansatz can be beneficial. To this end I will, in a second part, present recent work establishing fundamental limitations on the computational efficiency of Deep Learning based numerical algorithms that, in particular, confirm a previously empirically observed "theory-to-practice gap".
Stability of time discretizations for semi-discrete high order schemes for time-dependent PDEs
Authors: Shu Chi-Wang
Published: October 2021

In scientific and engineering computing, we encounter time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) frequently. When designing high order schemes for solving these time-dependent PDEs, we often first develop semi-discrete schemes paying attention only to spatial discretizations and leaving time t continuous. It is then important to have a high order time discretization to main the stability properties of the semi-discrete schemes. In this talk we discuss several classes of high order time discretization, including the strong stability preserving (SSP) time discretization, which preserves strong stability from a stable spatial discretization with Euler forward, the implicit-explicit (IMEX) Runge-Kutta or multi-step time marching, which treats the more stiff term (e.g. diffusion term in a convection-diffusion equation) implicitly and the less stiff term (e.g. the convection term in such an equation) explicitly, for which strong stability can be proved under the condition that the time step is upper-bounded by a constant under suitable conditions, and the explicit Runge-Kutta methods, for which strong stability can be proved in many cases for semi-negative linear semi-discrete schemes. Numerical examples will be given to demonstrate the performance of these schemes.