bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Web‐based cognitive rehabilitation for survivors of adult cancer: A randomised controlled trial
Authors: Mihuta Mary E. , Green Heather J. , Shum David H.K.
Published: December 2017

Objective

Cognitive dysfunction associated with cancer is frequently reported and can reduce quality of life. This study evaluated a Web‐based cognitive rehabilitation therapy program (eReCog) in cancer survivors compared with a waitlist control group.

Methods

Adult cancer survivors with self‐reported cognitive symptoms who had completed primary treatment at least 6 months prior were recruited. Participants completed telephone screening and were randomly allocated to the 4‐week online intervention or waitlist. Primary outcome was perceived cognitive impairment assessed with the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy—Cognitive Function version 3. Secondary outcomes were additional measures of subjective cognitive functioning, objective cognitive functioning, and psychosocial variables.

Results

Seventy‐six women were allocated to the intervention (n = 40) or waitlist (n = 36). A significant interaction was found on the instrumental activities of daily living measure of self‐reported prospective memory whereby the intervention group reported a greater reduction in prospective memory failures than the waitlist group. Interaction trends were noted on perceived cognitive impairments (P = .089) and executive functioning (P = .074). No significant interactions were observed on other measures of objective cognitive functioning or psychosocial variables.

Conclusions

The Web‐based intervention shows promise for improving self‐reported cognitive functioning in adult cancer survivors. Further research is warranted to better understand the mechanisms by which the intervention might contribute to improved self‐reported cognition.
Conceptualizing Writing Self‐Efficacy in English as a Foreign Language Contexts: Scale Validation Through Structural Equation Modeling
Authors: Teng Lin Sophie , Sun Peijian Paul , Xu Linlin
Published: December 2017

This study was designed to validate a multidimensional structure of writing self‐efficacy in English as a foreign language contexts, conceptualized in self‐regulated learning theory and social cognitive theory. The Second Language Writer Self‐Efficacy Scale was developed and evaluated through a series of rigorous validation procedures. The researchers collected data from 609 university students in China. Confirmatory factory analyses through structural equation modeling validated the proposed three‐dimensional structure of writing self‐efficacy, including linguistic self‐efficacy, self‐regulatory efficacy, and performance self‐efficacy. Model comparisons confirmed the hypothesis that writing self‐efficacy is a multidimensional construct, in which the three factors are conceptually related. Internal and composite reliability, convergent validity, and discriminant validity were examined, suggesting satisfactory psychometric properties of the scale. The concurrent validity and predictive validity were checked by examining correlations of writing self‐efficacy with motivational beliefs and writing performance. Findings revealed that the three dimensions of self‐efficacy had small to moderate correlations with writing performance. Significant correlations were also found between writing self‐efficacy and motivational beliefs (e.g., task value, intrinsic goal orientation, extrinsic goal orientation). The findings support a social cognitive view of self‐efficacy that acknowledges the interplay of behaviors, personal factors, and environmental conditions. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.
‘A Great Source of Amusement’: Work Therapy and Recreation
Authors: Mauger Alice
Published: December 2017

As this chapter observes, the emphasis on work went beyond the medical identification of causes and symptoms of non-pauper insanity to encompass therapy. A significant tenet of moral therapy, which remained the dominant form of treatment in nineteenth-century Irish asylums, was work therapy. However, patients’ social origins impacted upon this component of their treatment as,
not unlike the British context, those caring for patients from more privileged backgrounds struggled to provide for them what was considered class-appropriate employment. Unsurprisingly, for women in this study, work therapy was exclusively confined to domestic occupations, further underscoring a gender bias in Irish non-pauper asylum care. In voluntary and private asylums, doctors counteracted the difficulties they faced in occupying patients by prescribing more varied and stimulating programmes of recreation consistent with patients’ accustomed pastimes outside the asylum.
The Effect of Predictive Testing in Adult‐Onset Neurodegenerative Diseases on Social and Personal Life
Authors: Cohn‐Hokke Petra E. , van Swieten John C. , Pijnenburg Yolande A. L. , Tibben Aad , Meijers‐Heijboer Hanne , Kievit Anneke
Published: December 2017

Follow‐up studies on predictive testing for hereditary neurodegenerative diseases mainly focussed on psychological outcomes. We investigated whether the social and personal life of mutation carriers differ negatively from non‐carriers and untested at‐risk individuals. Asymptomatic individuals (≥ 35 years) who received a genetic test result for Huntington's disease, frontotemporal dementia or Alzheimer's disease more than 2 years before the onset of the study and untested subjects at 50% risk were invited to complete a questionnaire and an additional questionnaire with extra or adjusted items. Of the 283 selected individuals, 115 returned a positive informed consent (response rate 39.6%). Of these, 17 carriers, 30 non‐carriers and 27 untested persons (n = 74) fulfilled the criteria and completed both questionnaires. We found no significant differences in employment, financial situation and lifestyle or anxiety and depression between carriers and non‐carriers or untested individuals at risk. Carriers were more often single and childless, though these differences were not significant. The findings of this study suggest that the result of predictive testing on adult‐onset neurodegenerative diseases does not have a large negative effect on social and personal life, although these observations should be interpreted with caution because of the small number of participants and low response rate.
Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen
Authors: Miehle Konstanze , von Schnurbein Julia , Fasshauer Mathias , Stumvoll Michael , Borck Guntram , Wabitsch Martin
Published: December 2017

Hintergrund und Methoden

Lipodystrophien sind sehr seltene Erkrankungen, die durch einen Mangel oder eine Fehlverteilung an subkutanem Fettgewebe charakterisiert sind. Zudem können Stoffwechselveränderungen wie Diabetes mellitus, Hypertriglyzeridämie und Fettlebererkrankung daraus resultieren. Aufgrund ihrer Seltenheit und ihrer großen Heterogenität sowohl bezüglich der Genese als auch bezüglich des Phänotyps werden Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen oft sehr spät diagnostiziert.

Im vergangenen Jahr wurde durch mehrere Fachgesellschaften eine gemeinsame Praxisleitlinie erstellt, die die aktuelle Grundlage für die Diagnostik und Versorgung von Patienten mit Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen darstellt. Nicht berücksichtigt in dieser Leitlinie sind Patienten, die aufgrund einer Humanes Immundefizienz-Virus(HIV)-Erkrankung oder einer Medikamentennebenwirkung eine Lipodystrophie entwickelt haben. Die in der vorliegenden Arbeit dargestellten Empfehlungen wurden auf der Grundlage dieser Praxisleitlinie verfasst und an die Situation in Deutschland angepasst. Sie sollen dazu beitragen, den Weg zur klinischen und molekulargenetischen Diagnosestellung bei Patienten mit Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen zu verkürzen und damit auch die Therapieergebnisse zu verbessern.

Ergebnisse und Schlussfolgerung

Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen werden in angeborene und erworbene Formen eingeteilt. Zudem unterscheidet man auf der Basis des Ausmaßes des Fettgewebsverlustes partielle und generalisierte Lipodystrophien. Die Diagnosestellung erfolgt klinisch (Anamnese, Beschreibung des klinischen Phänotyps, Familienanamnese, Labor). Bei Verdacht auf eine familiäre Form kann die Diagnostik ggf. durch eine genetische Untersuchung ergänzt werden. Bei einem großen Teil der Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen wird eine jährliche Untersuchung auf Folgeerkrankungen (Diabetes, Dyslipidämie, Leber‑, Nieren- und Herzerkrankungen) empfohlen. Die Grundlage für die Behandlung der metabolischen Folgen bei Lipodystrophie-Erkrankungen ist eine spezielle Ernährungstherapie. Als spezifische Therapie steht – speziell für Patienten mit generalisierter Lipodystrophie sowie für einzelne Patienten mit partieller Lipodystrophie und einem erniedrigten Serum-Leptinspiegel – die Behandlung mit humanem rekombinantem Leptin (Metreleptin) zur Verfügung. Zusätzlich können andere, nicht spezifische Therapieansätze helfen, die Folgeerkrankungen der Lipodystrophie zu behandeln (z. B. Metformin bei Diabetes, Statine oder Fibrate bei Hyperlipidämie).
Misunderstanding Abai and the legacy of the canon: “Neponyatnii” and “Neponyatii” Abai in contemporary Kazakhstan
Authors: Kudaibergenova Diana T.
Published: December 2017

The Soviet canonisation of Abai, the nineteenth-century Kazakh poet and enlightener became a problematic theme for local intellectuals in the 2010s after the Occupy Abai movement in Moscow raised concerns over the heritage of Abai as a Sovietised canon and as an independent non-Soviet thinker. In 2012 oppositional leaders in Russia occupied Abai monument in Moscow and the leader of the opposition Alexey Navalny, called for his supporters to gather around the monument to unknown strange Kazakh guy using the Russian slang word – neponyatnii Kazakh. Local audience in Kazakhstan at first responded with offensive comments and questions to the Russian opposition movement – how come Abai, the Kazakh version of Russian poet and a visionary Alexander Pushkin, the symbol and canon of Soviet Kazakh literature and the symbol of post-Soviet Kazakhness and its culture could be unknown and strange? From the celebrated writer of the Soviet dekadas and Leninist prizes for Mukhtar Auezov's novel The Path of Abai ( Abai Zholy) Abai turned into neponyatnii – incomprehensible, strange (in words of Russian Alexey Navalny) and neponyatii – misunderstood poet. These discussions on popular online Russophone as well as Kazakhophone platforms and blogs opened up a debate on the legacy and problematic canonisation of Abai. Is Abai misunderstood in contemporary Kazakhstani society? From short essays when famous writer Gerold Belger speaks to Abai's monument in central Almaty to mobile phone applications featuring Abai's Qara Sozder, to the famous anonymous Abai graffiti in central Almaty and Occupy Abai movement responses in Kazakh internet sphere, I trace the mutations of Abai's canon. These discussions reveal the conflicting trends of young Kazakhs and Kazakhstanis who take their cultural criticisms online but continue using the “national” frameworks in their globalized discussions.
Ovarian lesions among pediatric patients
Authors: Alsuhaibani Marya , Harbi Majed Al , Al-lababidi Noor Hussam , Almuzaini Alaa Sunaid , Alsulaiman Abdulrahman , Aljadaan Saud A.
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Ovarian lesions are not commonly seen in pediatric females; however, there are some reported cases among different pediatric age groups. Ovarian lesions can show, clinically, in many diverse presentations, and the treatment chosen may be conservative or surgical, accordingly. In this study, we aim to find ovarian lesions commonly operated on and their histopathological and clinical characteristics among pediatric patients at tertiary center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Material and methods:

A retrospective review of medical records of all pediatric patients (aged 14 or younger) who underwent surgical removal of ovarian lesions from January 1997 to August 2016 at King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia was conducted.

Results:

Records for a total of 14 girls with a mean age of 5.7 ± 5.1 years were reviewed. The most common clinical presentation was acute abdominal pain (n = 5, 35.7%). There were four patients without any complaints who were diagnosed incidentally (28.6%). More than half of the patients underwent laparoscopy (n = 8, 57.1%) and cystectomy procedures were performed on 50% of the patients (n = 7). Simple ovarian cysts (n = 5) were the most common ovarian lesions followed by mature cystic teratomas (n = 3) with 35.7% and 21.4%, respectively. Furthermore, simple ovarian cysts were more common among infants. There was only one death reported and she had been diagnosed with a mixed germ cell tumor.

Conclusion:

The majority of ovarian lesions in the studied pediatric patients were benign. The most common lesions were simple ovarian cysts. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom.
Reduced Lordosis and Enhanced Aggression in Paced and Non-Paced Mating in Diabetic Female Rats
Authors: Hernández-Munive Abigail K. , Rebolledo-Solleiro Daniela , Ventura-Aquino Elisa , Fernández-Guasti Alonso
Published: December 2017

Background

Clinical studies have shown altered sexual function in people with diabetes; basic science studies, using the streptozotocin (STZ)-induced animal model of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1), have consistently reported decreased sexual behavior in hyperglycemic female animals, but features of sexual motivation and aggressive behavior have not been explored in these animals.

Aim

To study several parameters that denote sexual motivation in STZ-treated female rats and to compare behavioral features of sexual behavior and aggression in non-paced mating (NPM) and paced mating (PM) conditions.

Methods

DM1 was induced by injecting STZ (diluted in citrate buffer) at a dose of 50 mg/kg intraperitoneally over 2 consecutive days into ovariectomized Wistar rats. 10 days later, female rats were treated with estradiol benzoate (10 μg, -24 hours) and progesterone (3 mg, -4 hours); their sexual behavior (including lordosis quotient, lordosis intensity, and proceptivity) and aggression were evaluated under NPM and PM conditions. Body weight, blood glucose levels, and spontaneous ambulatory activity also were measured. A group of STZ-treated animals was administered a long-acting insulin analogue (glargine) every 12 hours for 8 days, and their sexual and aggressive behaviors were evaluated in NPM.

Outcomes

We quantified body weight, blood glucose level, spontaneous ambulatory activity, and sexual and aggressive behaviors in NPM and PM; the time the female rats spent interacting with the male rat or in the male rat's chamber also was registered in PM.

Results

Compared with controls, STZ-treated ovariectomized rats lost body weight, had increased blood glucose levels, and had unchanged spontaneous ambulatory activity. In the PM and NPM conditions, animals showed decreased lordosis quotient and lordosis intensity, increased aggression, and unaltered proceptivity, although in NPM the effects of STZ treatment on aggression were more drastic and were completely prevented by insulin. In PM no differences were found between diabetic and control female rats in the time interacting with the male rat or in the male rat's chamber.

Clinical Translation

These findings support the observation of increased prevalence of sexual dysfunctions and aggression in the clinical setting of DM1.

Strengths and Limitations

The main strength of this study is that it analyzed sexual behavior under PM and NPM conditions and aggression in STZ-treated female rats. Its main limitations are that the model of DM1 represents only 10% of the affected population and that no specific treatment is proposed for the sexual dysfunctions.

Conclusion

These results suggest that STZ-treated rats have decreased sexual receptivity in NPM and PM, accompanied by increased aggressiveness in NPM.
Preliminary design for turbine housing and shroud segments
Authors: Savaria C. , Phutthavong P. , Moustapha H. , Garnier F.
Published: December 2017

At the preliminary design phase of a gas turbine, time is crucial in capturing new business opportunities. In order to minimise the design time, the concept of Preliminary Multi-Disciplinary Optimisation (PMDO) was used to create parametric models, geometry and cooling flow correlations towards a new design process for turbine housing and shroud segments. First, dedicated parametric models were created because of their reusability and versatility. Their ease of use compared to non-parameterised models allows more design iterations and reduces set-up and design time. A user interface was developed to interact with the parametric models and improve the design time. Second, geometry correlations were created to minimise the number of parameters used in turbine housing and shroud segment design. Third, a correlation study was conducted to minimise the number of engine parameters required in cooling flow predictions. The parametric models, the geometry correlations, and the user interface resulted in a time saving of 50% and an increase in accuracy of 56% compared to the existing design system. For the cooling flow correlations, the number of engine parameters was reduced by a factor of 6 to create a simplified prediction model and hence a faster shroud segment selection process.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PRIME REPETITION AMONG INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL SECOND LANGUAGE LEARNERS
Authors: Jackson Carrie N. , Ruf Helena T.
Published: December 2017

This study investigates whether repeating a prime sentence aloud strengthens short-term and longer-term priming of adverb-first word order among adult intermediate L1 English-German L2 learners (N = 30). Compared to an earlier study (Jackson & Ruf, 2017), in which similarly proficient L1 English-German L2 learners heard, but did not repeat, prime sentences, participants in the present study exhibited greater short-term priming for adverb-first word order during the priming phase and significant longer-term priming in a posttest phase immediately following the priming phase. However, additional analyses revealed that only those participants who exhibited stronger short-term priming without lexical overlap during the priming phase continued to produce adverb-first sentences in the posttest phase, highlighting that even prime repetition may not support longer-term priming among intermediate L2 learners more generally.
(Ge2P2)2−: a binary analogue of P4as a precursor to the ternary cluster anion [Cd3(Ge3P)3]3−
Authors: Mitzinger Stefan , Bandemehr Jascha , Reiter Kevin , Scott McIndoe J. , Xie Xiulan , Weigend Florian , Corrigan John F. , Dehnen Stefanie
Published: December 2017

The novel binary P4analogue (Ge2P2)2−proved to be a suitable precursor for heteroatomic cluster synthesis. Upon reaction with CdPh2, an unprecedented cluster anion is formed, [Cd3(Ge3P)3]−.
π-Conjugation expanded isoindigo derivatives and the donor–acceptor conjugated polymers: synthesis and characterization
Authors: Song Hao , Deng Yunfeng , Jiang Yu , Tian Hongkun , Geng Yanhou
Published: December 2017

π-Conjugation expanded isoindigo derivatives were synthesized via intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation, which are promising building blocks for ambipolar conjugated polymers.
Detecting environmental change: how many samples are required?
Authors: Gardner M. J. , Comber S. D. W.
Published: December 2017

How many samples are required to detect change?
Niga-ichigoside F1 ameliorates high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis in male mice by Nrf2 activation
Authors: Xia Shu-Fang , Shao Jing , Zhao Shu-Ying , Qiu Yu-Yu , Teng Li-Ping , Huang Wei , Wang Shan-Shan , Cheng Xiang-Rong , Jiang Yu-Yu
Published: December 2017

Niga-ichigoside F1 ameliorated high-fat diet-induced hepatic steatosis by increasing Nrf2 nuclear translocation to regulate lipid metabolism genes expression in livers of C57BL/6J mice.
Electrochemically active biofilm-assisted biogenic synthesis of an Ag-decorated ZnO@C core–shell ternary plasmonic photocatalyst with enhanced visible-photocatalytic activity
Authors: Sawant Sandesh Y. , Kim Jae Yeol , Han Thi Hiep , Ansari Sajid Ali , Cho Moo Hwan
Published: December 2017

An Ag–ZnO@C core–shell ternary photocatalyst was synthesized via a bio-catalytic route for photocatalytic degradation of RhB and 4-NP under visible light.
Edge orientation dependent nanoscale friction
Authors: Zhang Hongwei , Chang Tienchong
Published: December 2017

Nanoscale friction is dramatically influenced by the orientation of the flake edge with respect to the sliding direction – the friction force increases significantly with the edge length of the flake along the lateral direction, but very slightly with the edge length along the sliding direction.
Generation of a carbon dots/ammonium persulfate redox initiator couple for free radical frontal polymerization
Authors: Du Xiang-Yun , Shen Juncai , Zhang Jing , Ling Luting , Wang Cai-Feng , Chen Su
Published: December 2017

We report a new redox initiator couple of ammonium persulfate (APS)/carbon dots (CDs) with high initiation efficiency used in frontal polymerization (FP).
Tagging effects on the mid-infrared spectrum of microsolvated protonated methane
Authors: Esser Alexander , Forbert Harald , Marx Dominik
Published: December 2017

Although bare protonated methane is by now essentially understood at the level of intramolecular large-amplitude motion, scrambling dynamics and broadband vibrational spectra, the microsolvated species still offer plenty of challenges.
Diazomethane umpolung atop anthracene: an electrophilic methylene transfer reagent
Authors: Joost Maximilian , Transue Wesley J. , Cummins Christopher C.
Published: December 2017

Formal addition of diazomethane's terminal nitrogen atom to the 9,10-positions of anthracene yields H2CN2A (1, A = C14H10 or anthracene).
“Ship-in-a-bottle”, a new synthesis strategy for preparing novel hybrid host–guest nanocomposites for highly selective membrane gas separation
Authors: Ebadi Amooghin Abtin , Sanaeepur Hamidreza , Omidkhah Mohammadreza , Kargari Ali
Published: December 2017

Organic–inorganic hybrid nanocomposites within polymeric matrices have potential as functional materials for membrane gas separation.
Low-ruthenium-content NiRu nanoalloys encapsulated in nitrogen-doped carbon as highly efficient and pH-universal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Xu You , Yin Shuli , Li Chunjie , Deng Kai , Xue Hairong , Li Xiaonian , Wang Hongjing , Wang Liang
Published: December 2017

A NiRu@N–C hybrid is fabricated and tested as an efficient catalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in a wide pH range.
Oxygen-induced defects at the lead halide perovskite/graphene oxide interfaces
Authors: Acik Muge , Park In Kee , Koritala Rachel E. , Lee Geunsik , Rosenberg Richard A.
Published: December 2017

Interfacial interactions between halides of the perovskite precursors and the oxygen groups of GO reduce GO, and determine perovskite yield.
Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for drug delivery: a conventional platform with new promise
Authors: Wang Lei , Zheng Min , Xie Zhigang
Published: December 2017

This review highlights recent advances made using nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (NMOFs) for designing cargo-delivery systems.
Environmentally friendly and earth-abundant colloidal chalcogenide nanocrystals for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Fu Huiying
Published: December 2017

A review of recent advances in the synthesis of environmentally friendly and earth-abundant colloidal chalcogenide nanocrystals for solar cells.
A silanol-functionalized polyoxometalate with excellent electron transfer mediating behavior to ZnO and TiO2 cathode interlayers for highly efficient and extremely stable polymer solar cells
Authors: Tountas Marinos , Topal Yasemin , Verykios Apostolis , Soultati Anastasia , Kaltzoglou Andreas , Papadopoulos Theodoros A. , Auras Florian , Seintis Kostas , Fakis Mihalis , Palilis Leonidas C. , Tsikritzis Dimitris , Kennou Stella , Fakharuddin Azhar , Schmidt-Mende Lukas , Gardelis Spyros , Kus Mahmut , Falaras Polycarpos , Davazoglou Dimitris , Argitis Panagiotis , Vasilopoulou Maria
Published: December 2017

A silanol-functionalized polyoxometalate improves the electron collecting interface.
The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS)
Authors: Laverick M. , Lobel A. , Merle T. , Royer P. , Martayan C. , David M. , Hensberge H. , Thienpont E.
Published: December 2017

Context. Fundamental atomic parameters, such as oscillator strengths, play a key role in modelling and understanding the chemical composition of stars in the Universe. Despite the significant work underway to produce these parameters for many astrophysically important ions, uncertainties in these parameters remain large and can propagate throughout the entire field of astronomy.

Aims. The Belgian repository of fundamental atomic data and stellar spectra (BRASS) aims to provide the largest systematic and homogeneous quality assessment of atomic data to date in terms of wavelength, atomic and stellar parameter coverage. To prepare for it, we first compiled multiple literature occurrences of many individual atomic transitions, from several atomic databases of astrophysical interest, and assessed their agreement. In a second step synthetic spectra will be compared against extremely high-quality observed spectra, for a large number of BAFGK spectral type stars, in order to critically evaluate the atomic data of a large number of important stellar lines.

Methods. Several atomic repositories were searched and their data retrieved and formatted in a consistent manner. Data entries from all repositories were cross-matched against our initial BRASS atomic line list to find multiple occurrences of the same transition. Where possible we used a new non-parametric cross-match depending only on electronic configurations and total angular momentum values. We also checked for duplicate entries of the same physical transition, within each retrieved repository, using the non-parametric cross-match.

Results. We report on the number of cross-matched transitions for each repository and compare their fundamental atomic parameters. We find differences in log(gf) values of up to 2 dex or more. We also find and report that ~2% of our line list and Vienna atomic line database retrievals are composed of duplicate transitions. Finally we provide a number of examples of atomic spectral lines with different retrieved literature log(gf) values, and discuss the impact of these uncertain log(gf) values on quantitative spectroscopy.
Comprendre la contribution de la recherche à l'innovation collective par l'exploration de mécanismes de renforcement de capacité
Authors: Toillier Aurélie , Devaux-Spartakis Agathe , Faure Guy , Barret Danielle , Marquié Catherine
Published: December 2017

Le renforcement des capacités à innover apparaît comme un nouveau moyen pour assurer un développement durable dans les pays du Sud. Dans le secteur de l'agriculture, l'innovation est essentiellement collective, ce qui appelle les chercheurs à sortir de leur rôle de producteurs de connaissances pour s'engager auprès des acteurs en situation d'innovation. Si une diversité de pratiques de recherche engagée sont apparues, il n'existe cependant pas aujourd'hui une vision claire des différentes façons dont les chercheurs contribuent à l'innovation. L'objectif de cet article est d'identifier les différentes modalités de contribution des chercheurs au renforcement des capacités à innover. Pour cela, les auteurs ont développé un cadre d'analyseex postqui met en perspective deux corpus de littérature, sur l'apprentissage et le management de l'innovation. Ce cadre permet de caractériser des séquences de situations d'apprentissage et une diversité de postures des chercheurs aux différentes étapes de l'innovation pour rendre compte de leurs contributions. À partir d'une étude approfondie de treize cas d'innovation dans lesquels le Centre de coopération internationale en recherche agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD) s'est engagé avec ses partenaires de recherche du Sud, quatre types de contribution des chercheurs au renforcement des capacités à innover ont été identifiés : faciliter des apprentissages de façon non supervisée, planifier et encadrer des apprentissages, créer des besoins d'apprentissage et y répondre pas à pas, se laisser guider par l'exploration et les besoins des utilisateurs. Nos résultats suggèrent qu'une gestion stratégique des processus d'innovation par les organismes de recherche pourrait être rendue possible par le suivi et l'évaluation des situations d'apprentissage, d'une part de façon à renforcer les capacités à innover des chercheurs eux-mêmes et d‘autre part pour agencer au mieux les compétences et ressources disponibles, faire évoluer les mandats des chercheurs et rationaliser leurs investissements.
How can we use the ‘science of stories’ to produce persuasive scientific stories?
Authors: D. Jones Michael , Anderson Crow Deserai
Published: December 2017

The core goal of the science communicator is to convey accurate scientific information—to help people update existing understandings of the world and to change those understandings when necessary. However, science communicators, with their often extensive scientific training and educations, are often socialized into educating with information derived from scientific works in a way that mirrors the values of science itself. They do this by primarily relying on an approach termed the Knowledge Deficit Model, a model of communicating that emphasizes the repetition of emotionless objectively sterile information to increase understanding. The problem with this approach is that people do not actually make decisions or process information based on only objective scientific evidence. Their personal beliefs and emotional understandings of the world also play a powerful role. In this article we argue that to better connect with audiences communicators would do well to recognize themselves as storytellers–not to distort the truth, but to help people to connect with problems and issues on a more human level in terms of what matters to them. We reference extant narrative persuasion scholarship in public policy and elsewhere to offer a step-by-step guide to narrating scientific evidence. We argue that through understanding the structure of a narrative, science communicators can engage in the policy process, remaining true to the tenets of science and maintaining the integrity of the evidence, but doing so in a way that is compelling and thus also effective in helping solve problems.
On the use of continuous spectrum and discrete-mode differential models to predict contraction-flow pressure drops for Boger fluids
Authors: López-Aguilar J. E. , Webster M. F. , Tamaddon-Jahromi H. R. , Manero O. , Binding D. M. , Walters K.
Published: December 2017

Over recent years, there has been slow but steady progress towards the qualitative numerical prediction of observed behaviour when highly elastic Boger fluids flow in contraction geometries. This has led to an obvious desire to seek quantitative agreement between prediction and experiment, a subject which is addressed in the current paper. We conclude that constitutive models of non-trivial complexity are required to make headway in this regard. However, we suggest that the desire to move from qualitative to quantitative agreement between theory and experiment is making real progress. In the present case with differential models, this has involved the introduction of a generalized continuous spectrum model. This is based on direct data input from material functions and rheometrical measurements. The class of such models assumes functional separability across shear and extensional deformation, through two master functions, governing independently material-time and viscous-response. The consequences of such a continuous spectrum representation are compared and contrasted against discrete-mode alternatives, via an averaged single-mode approximation and a multi-modal approximation. The effectiveness of each chosen form is gauged by the quality of match to complex flow response and experimental measurement. Here, this is interpreted in circular contraction-type flows with Boger fluids, where large experimental pressure-drop data are available and wide disparity between different fluid responses has been recorded in the past. Findings are then back-correlated to base-material response from ideal viscometric flow.
Strong field transient manipulation of electronic states and bands
Authors: Crassee I. , Gallmann L. , Gäumann G. , Matthews M. , Yanagisawa H. , Feurer T. , Hengsberger M. , Keller U. , Osterwalder J. , Wörner H. J. , Wolf J. P.
Published: December 2017

In the present review, laser fields are so strong that they become part of the electronic potential, and sometimes even dominate the Coulomb contribution. This manipulation of atomic potentials and of the associated states and bands finds fascinating applications in gases and solids, both in the bulk and at the surface. We present some recent spectacular examples obtained within the NCCR MUST in Switzerland.
Structural and magnetic properties of FeGen−/0 (n = 3-12) clusters: Mass-selected anion photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations
Authors: Deng Xiao-Jiao , Kong Xiang-Yu , Liang Xiaoqing , Yang Bin , Xu Hong-Guang , Xu Xi-Ling , Feng Gang , Zheng Wei-Jun
Published: December 2017

The structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of FeGen−/0 (n = 3-12) clusters were investigated by using anion photoelectron spectroscopy in combination with density functional theory calculations. For both anionic and neutral FeGen (n = 3-12) clusters with n ≤ 7, the dominant structures are exohedral. The FeGe8−/0 clusters have half-encapsulated boat-shaped structures, and the opening of the boat-shaped structure is gradually covered by the additional Ge atoms to form Gen cage from n = 9 to 11. The structures of FeGe10−/0 can be viewed as two Ge atoms symmetrically capping the opening of the boat-shaped structure of FeGe8, and those of FeGe12−/0 are distorted hexagonal prisms with the Fe atom at the center. Natural population analysis shows that there is an electron transfer from the Ge atoms to the Fe atom at n = 8-12. The total magnetic moment of FeGen−/0 and local magnetic moment of the Fe atom have not been quenched.
A dynamic correlation dressed complete active space method: Theory, implementation, and preliminary applications
Authors: Pathak Shubhrodeep , Lang Lucas , Neese Frank
Published: December 2017

Complete Active Space SCF (CASSCF) theory may provide poor 0th order descriptions due to the lack of dynamic correlation. The most popular post-CASSCF approaches for recovering dynamic correlation are methods which keep the configuration interaction coefficients fixed at the CASSCF level and use internal contraction. This may result in severe inaccuracies where the wavefunction changes considerably under the influence of dynamic correlation. In this paper, we propose and compare several variants of a straightforward method of the “perturb-then-diagonalize” type that is aimed at keeping this balance while remaining computationally tractable and numerically stable. The method is loosely based on the theory of intermediate Hamiltonians and has been given the acronym “dynamic correlation dressed CAS” (DCD-CAS), with the second-order treatment, DCD-CAS(2), being the most practically useful member of the family. The dynamic correlation energy is treated to second order with a 0th order Hamiltonian based on Dyall’s Hamiltonian. The method is orbitally invariant with respect to unitary transformations in the occupied, active, and virtual subspaces. It yields the ground- and low-lying excited states at the same time. Detailed numerical evaluations show that DCD-CAS(2) is superior to NEVPT2 for the difficult situations mentioned above while being very close to it when CASSCF provides a good 0th order description.
Outpatient consultant physician service usage in Australia by specialty and state and territory
Authors: Freed Gary L. , Allen Amy R.
Published: December 2017

Objectives
To determine national service usage for initial and subsequent outpatient consultations with a consultant physician and any variation in service-use patterns between states and territories relative to population.

Methods
An analysis was conducted of consultant physician Medicare claims data from the year 2014 for an initial (item 110) and subsequent consultation (item 116) and, for patients with multiple morbidities, initial management planning (item 132) and review (133). The analysis included 12 medical specialties representative of common adult non-surgical medical care (cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, general medicine, geriatric medicine, haematology, immunology and allergy, medical oncology, nephrology, neurology, respiratory medicine and rheumatology). Main outcome measures were per-capita service use by medical speciality and by state and territory and ratio of subsequent consultations to initial consultations by medical speciality and by state and territory.

Results
There was marked variation in per-capita consultant physician service use across the states and territories, tending higher than average in New South Wales and Victoria, and lower than average in the Northern Territory. There was variation between and within specialties across states and territories in the ratio of subsequent consultations to initial consultations.

Conclusion
Significant per-capita variation in consultant physician utilisation is occurring across Australia. Future studies should explore the variation in greater detail to discern whether workforce issues, access or economic barriers to care, or the possibility of over- or under-servicing in certain geographic areas is leading to this variation.

What is known about the topic?
There are nearly 11million initial and subsequent consultant physician consultations billed to Medicare per year, incurring nearly A$850million in Medicare benefits. Little attention has been paid to per-capita variation in rates of consultant physician service use across states and territories.

What does this paper add?
There is marked variation in per-capita consultant physician service use across different states and territories both within and between specialties.

What are the implications for practitioners?
Variation in service use may be due to limitations in the healthcare workforce, access or economic barriers, or systematic over- or under-servicing. The clinical appropriateness of repeated follow-up consultations is unclear.
Quantitative historical analysis uncovers a single dimension of complexity that structures global variation in human social organization
Authors: Turchin Peter , Currie Thomas E. , Whitehouse Harvey , François Pieter , Feeney Kevin , Mullins Daniel , Hoyer Daniel , Collins Christina , Grohmann Stephanie , Savage Patrick , Mendel-Gleason Gavin , Turner Edward , Dupeyron Agathe , Cioni Enrico , Reddish Jenny , Levine Jill , Jordan Greine , Brandl Eva , Williams Alice , Cesaretti Rudolf , Krueger Marta , Ceccarelli Alessandro , Figliulo-Rosswurm Joe , Tuan Po-Ju , Peregrine Peter , Marciniak Arkadiusz , Preiser-Kapeller Johannes , Kradin Nikolay , Korotayev Andrey , Palmisano Alessio , Baker David , Bidmead Julye , Bol Peter , Christian David , Cook Connie , Covey Alan , Feinman Gary , Júlíusson Árni Daníel , Kristinsson Axel , Miksic John , Mostern Ruth , Petrie Cameron , Rudiak-Gould Peter , ter Haar Barend , Wallace Vesna , Mair Victor , Xie Liye , Baines John , Bridges Elizabeth , Manning Joseph , Lockhart Bruce , Bogaard Amy , Spencer Charles
Published: December 2017

Significance

Do human societies from around the world exhibit similarities in the way that they are structured and show commonalities in the ways that they have evolved? To address these long-standing questions, we constructed a database of historical and archaeological information from 30 regions around the world over the last 10,000 years. Our analyses revealed that characteristics, such as social scale, economy, features of governance, and information systems, show strong evolutionary relationships with each other and that complexity of a society across different world regions can be meaningfully measured using a single principal component of variation. Our findings highlight the power of the sciences and humanities working together to rigorously test hypotheses about general rules that may have shaped human history.
FoxP3 scanning mutagenesis reveals functional variegation and mild mutations with atypical autoimmune phenotypes
Authors: Kwon Ho-Keun , Chen Hui-Min , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe
Published: December 2017

Significance

The transcription factor FoxP3 defines and controls regulatory T cells (Tregs), themselves essential components of immunoregulatory pathways. From a highly granular scanning mutagenesis, the results of our study point to very integrated functions of the protein’s domains, quite different from predictions of simple modular models. The phenotype of mutant mice carrying subtle mutations in Foxp3, which deviate from the acute lymphoproliferation and autoimmunity linked to Treg deficiency and become manifest only upon challenge, suggest that rare FOXP3 variants may contribute to a broader range of human diseases than previously recognized.
Rietveld analysis for studying the decarburisation in HVOF WC–CO coatings
Authors: Bouaricha Salim , Ouchene Amina , Legoux Jean-Gabriel
Published: December 2017

Quantitative X-Ray analysis was used to quantify the phase content generated by the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) process following the decarburisation of WC–Co coatings. Rietveld analysis was used to quantify the different phases present. Particular attention has been made to identifying the sequence of formation of the different species, namely: during flight of the powders towards the substrate and/or during the solidification and cooling step on the substrate. The results show that decarburisation is influenced by the thermal history of the particles in flight. In particular, more W2C and W are generated with increasing spray distance indicating an increase WC decarburisation. During the coating building-up, new nanosized compounds (W3Co3C and W6Co6C) were generated. These compounds, at the reverse of W2C and W phases, decrease with the stand-off distance. Correlations are established between the mechanical properties (microhardness and crack propagation resistance) and the content of the phases determined from the Rietveld analysis.
The global political economy of the addictive industries
Authors: Miller David , Harkins Claire , Schlögl Matthias , Montague Brendan
Published: December 2017

The chapter examines the varying ways ‘addiction’ has been conceived and the impact of this on both corporate strategy and government policy. It examines the profit-oriented strategies of addiction related industries, the networks they construct to manage policy questions and the varying levels of governance at which corporations operate in the contemporary world. It is argued that the legal status of a particular addictive substance or behaviour has crucial though sometimes unrecognized effects on the ways in which it is traded and consumed. The chapter then includes case studies of the status of alcohol under prohibition and the Opium Wars before going on to examine the role of the US and UK governments in relation to the opium trade in contemporary Afghanistan. The chapter concludes by pointing to similar issues that are faced in policy terms in relation to both legal and illegal addictive substances and behaviours.
Learning to perform
Authors: Davidson Jane W. , McPherson Gary E.
Published: December 2017

To perform any skilled activity to expert level requires committed and intensely motivated learning. This chapter explores how musical development, particularly as it applies to learning an instrument, depends crucially on inventive and productive opportunities that coalesce in configurations unique to each learner. It reveals how an obsession with gifts and talents on the parts of researchers, teachers, parents and musicians alike has led to confusion over the nature and acquisition of the skills required for high-level music performance. It traces key theories on family scripts and self-determination to illustrate the ways in which psychological constructs shape belief and thus motivate learning. Environmental catalysts such as practice support and opportunity for creative expression offer additional significant influences. These factors are shown to align with intrapersonal characteristics and are described as syzygies, or inventive configurations, that provide pathways to committed music learning.
Ocean destratification and fish evacuation caused by a Mid-Atlantic tropical storm
Authors: Secor David H , Zhang Fan , O’Brien Michael H P , Li Ming
Published: December 2017

Tropical and extratropical storms commonly occur in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean, sometimes causing catastrophic losses to coastal fisheries. Still, their influence on fish movements and range shifts is poorly known. We coupled biotelemetry observations of black sea bass in the U.S. Mid-Atlantic Bight with numerical modelling of the coastal ocean to evaluate the influence of Hermine (3–8 September 2016) on cold pool thermal destratification and fish evacuation. Spring through fall, black sea bass is a sedentary species, with movements focused on structure where they support important commercial and recreational fisheries. During summer 2016, we characterized the movements of 45 acoustically tagged black sea bass at three sites deploying acoustic receivers moored in shelf waters 18–31 km east of Ocean City, Maryland, and at depths 20–32 m in the southern Mid-Atlantic Bight. On 3 September 2016, cyclonic winds of Hermine caused rapid destratification of the water column. At experimental sites, bottom temperatures rose from 13 to 23°C in 10 h. An oceanographic model and observing data showed that the effects of this destratification dominated large portions of the Mid-Atlantic Bight and had long term effects on seasonal evolution of the shelf temperature. Nearly half of remaining black sea bass on 3 September (40%) permanently evacuated the experimental sites. Those that remained showed long-term depressed activity levels. Although the cause of this incomplete evacuation is unknown, it exemplifies partial migration, which may buffer black sea bass to regional impacts of changed timing or increased incidence of tropical storms.
Overview of Team Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Paulus Paul B. , Kenworthy Jared B.
Published: December 2017

In this chapter, we present an overview of some major topics and themes explored in the research on team creativity. We discuss the strengths and limitations of some primary methodological approaches to the study of creativity in teams, including short-term team settings, long-term team settings, and case studies. We also explore some of the major theories of collaborative creativity, which to varying degrees focus on contextual and organizational factors, as well as motivational, cognitive, and social processes involved in enhancing innovation in teams. We evaluate the sometimes conflicting findings from research on team size, participative safety, conflict, affective processes, and supportive versus constrained environments. At a broader level, we discuss interteam and network dynamics as they impact team innovation. Finally, we summarize some areas of research that seem to have conflicting or paradoxical effects, suggesting areas of future research focus.