bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous impact of body mass index on in-hospital mortality in acute heart failure syndromes: An analysis from the ATTEND Registry
Authors: Yoshihisa Akiomi , Sato Takamasa , Kajimoto Katsuya , Sato Naoki , Takeishi Yasuchika ,   on behalf of the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) investigators
Published: March 2017

Background:

Although the obesity paradox may vary depending upon clinical background factors such as age, gender, aetiology of heart failure and comorbidities, the reasons underlying the heterogeneous impact of body mass index (BMI) on in-hospital cardiac mortality under various conditions in patients with acute heart failure syndromes (AHFSs) remain unclear.

Methods:

Among 4617 hospitalised patients with AHFSs enrolled in the Acute Decompensated Heart Failure Syndromes (ATTEND) registry, the patient characteristics and in-hospital cardiac mortality rates in those with low BMI (BMI <25 kg/m2, n = 3263) were compared to those with high BMI (BMI ⩾25 kg/m2, n = 1354).

Results:

Compared to the high-BMI group, the low-BMI group was significantly older, less likely to be male and to have hypertensive or idiopathic dilated aetiologies and more likely to have valvular aetiologies and a history of prior hospitalisation for AHFS. The low-BMI group also had lower prevalence rates of diabetes, dyslipidaemia, hypertension and atrial fibrillation and higher prevalence rates of anaemia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In addition, cardiac mortality was significantly higher in the low-BMI group than in the high-BMI group (5.5 vs. 1.5%, p < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that low BMI was a predictor of cardiac mortality (odds ratio: 3.89, 95% confidence interval: 2.44–6.21). In subgroup analyses, the impact of BMI on cardiac mortality differed depending on the presence of hypertensive aetiology, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hyponatremia (all p < 0.05), although there were no interactions between the impacts of BMI and age, gender, other aetiologies, prior hospitalisation, diabetes, anaemia, cardio-renal function and in-hospital management.

Conclusion:

It is necessary to appreciate the obesity paradox in AHFS patients, and a patient’s heterogeneous background should also be considered.
Promoting LatinX Generativity: Cultural Humility and Transformative Complicity Through Geriatric Teams
Authors: Duntley-Matos Roxanna , Shiery Marrit , Ortega Robert M. , Matos Serrano Maria M. , Newberry Cindy , Chapman Mitchell M.
Published: March 2017

This article highlights social work, critical thinking, and an ethic of care in geriatric teamwork to promote generativity and the well-being of LatinX elderly. We offer the tripartite paradigm of cultural humility, transformative complicity, and empowerment to reduce power imbalances between service providers, elderly persons, and their communities. A force field analysis considers the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPAC) and Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) to understand the restraining and driving forces affecting the institutionalization of inter/transdisciplinary teams. Effective evidence-based models that humanize geriatric services are offered to counter the current biomedical emphasis of Medicare/Medicaid policies and less-than-responsive geriatric institutional and educational systems. We highlight Bloom and Farragher’s Sanctuary Model of compassionate and democratic practices to address the negative effects of moral entrepreneurship and ageism. The case of Florence, an LGBTQ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, trans, and questioning) grandparent with multiple health issues, is analyzed from biomedical, person in the environment, and a strength-based perspective.
Violence Ritualized
Authors: Ishaque Nausheen
Published: March 2017

This article aims to undertake a study of The Holy Woman by Qaisra Shahraz in terms of how it brings forth the woman question by effectively reflecting on the dangerous chemistry of tradition and religion—a chemistry meant to legitimize ritualization of violence. This naturally entails discussion on the way tradition is made to conspire with religion against women with an exclusive theoretical underpinning of postcolonial feminism. The author has kept the focus of study limited to the issues of female sexuality, celibacy, and hijab. Evidently, the discussion dilates upon how religion is superseded by tradition. This unavoidably causes circumstances culminating in realities that stamp the destitute and dismay of women hailing from the third world postcolonial order.
The Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST)—Part I: The Design and Development of an Upper Extremity Region-Specific and Population-Specific Patient-Reported Outcome Scale for Throwing Athletes
Authors: Sauers Eric L. , Bay R. Curtis , Snyder Valier Alison R. , Ellery Traci , Huxel Bliven Kellie C.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Upper extremity (UE) region-specific, patient-reported outcome (PRO) scales assess injuries to the UE but do not account for the demands of overhead throwing athletes or measure patient-oriented domains of health-related quality of life (HRQOL).

Purpose:

To develop the Functional Arm Scale for Throwers (FAST), a UE region-specific and population-specific PRO scale that assesses multiple domains of disablement in throwing athletes with UE injuries. In stage I, a beta version of the scale was developed for subsequent factor identification, final item reduction, and construct validity analysis during stage II.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Three-stage scale development was utilized: Stage I (item generation and initial item reduction) and stage II (factor analysis, final item reduction, and construct validity) are reported herein, and stage III (establishment of measurement properties [reliability and validity]) will be reported in a companion paper. In stage I, a beta version was developed, incorporating National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research disablement domains and ensuring a blend of sport-related and non–sport-related items. An expert panel and focus group assessed importance and interpretability of each item. During stage II, the FAST was reduced, preserving variance characteristics and factor structure of the beta version and construct validity of the final FAST scale.

Results:

During stage I, a 54-item beta version and a separate 9-item pitcher module were developed. During stage II, a 22-item FAST and 9-item pitcher module were finalized. The factor solution for FAST scale items included pain (n = 6), throwing (n = 10), activities of daily living (n = 5), psychological impact (n = 4), and advancement (n = 3). The 6-item pain subscale crossed factors. The remaining subscales and pitcher module are distinctive, correlated, and internally consistent and may be interpreted individually or combined.

Conclusion:

This article describes the development of the FAST, which assesses clinical outcomes and HRQOL of throwing athletes after UE injury. The FAST encompasses multiple domains of disability and demonstrates excellent construct validity.

Clinical Relevance:

The FAST provides a single UE region-specific and population-specific PRO scale for high-demand throwers to facilitate measurement of impact of UE injuries on HRQOL and clinical outcomes while quantifying recovery for comparative effectiveness studies.
Does Hip Arthroscopy Provide Meaningful Outcome Improvement for Adolescent Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Nwachukwu Benedict Uchenna , Chang Brenda , Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Fields Kara G. , Nawabi Danyal H. , Kelly Bryan T. , Ranawat Anil S.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) produces meaningful outcome improvement in adults. Hip arthroscopy for pediatric FAI is now established as a safe procedure however there is a paucity of evidence reporting on outcome improvement after arthroscopic treatment of FAI in this population.

Methods:

A prospective institutional hip preservation registry was reviewed to identify hip arthroscopies performed for pediatric FAI. Patients with pre-existing hip conditions such as slipped capital femoral epiphysis and Legg-Calve-Perthese were excluded. Included patients were 18 years and younger. The modified Harris Hip Score (mHHS), the Hip Outcome Score (HOS) and the international Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-33) are routinely collected as part of the registry. Minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated using a distribution based method and substantial clinical benefit (SCB) was calculated using the an anchor question. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with area under the curve was used. AUC > 0.7 was considered significantly predictive.

Results:

Forty-seven children and adolescents were identified. The majority of patients were female (N=32, 68.1%) with a mean age of 16.5 (+ 1.1) years. The MCID (% achieving) for the mHHS, HOS activities of daily living (ADL), HOS Sport and iHOT-33 was 9.5 (85%), 9.8 (79%), 12.1 (85%) and 10.7 (94%) respectively. MCID values on these outcome tools were comparable to adult patients within the registry however for each outcome measure pediatric patients were more likely to achieve MCID. In univariate analysis acetabular version was the only predictive variable for achieving MCID in pediatric FAI (p<0.05). The majority of children (91%) reported improved physical ability based on the anchor question and 53% (compared to 40% in adult registry patients) were classified as achieving SCB. The following one-year raw outcome scores were significantly predictive of SCB on the mHHS, HOS ADL, HOS Sport and mHHS respectively (AUC): 93.5 (0.79), 98.5 (0.84), 96.9 (0.81), 85.9 (0.76). These pediatric SCB values were all higher than SCB values for adult registry patients (82.5, 93.3, 84.4, 63.5 respectively)

Conclusion:

Pediatric patients undergoing arthroscopic FAI treatment can achieve meaningful outcome improvement and compared to adults, a larger proportion of children achieve meaningful outcome improvement. Additionally, while MCID values are comparable in children and adults, children appear to require substantially higher overall post-operative scores to perceive SCB. These findings highlight that commonly administered adult FAI outcome tools may have a relative ceiling effect in capturing outcome after treatment of pediatric FAI.
Internal and External Rotation Stabilizers of the Knee with Intact Cruciate and Collateral Ligaments
Authors: Vap Alexander R. , Schon Jason M. , Moatshe Gilbert , Cruz Raphael , Brady Alex , Turnbull Travis L. , LaPrade Robert F.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of sequentially cutting the posterolateral, anterolateral, posteromedial and anteromedial structures of the knee on rotational kinematics in the setting of intact cruciate and collateral ligaments. It was hypothesized that cutting of the iliotibial band (ITB), anterolateral ligament and lateral capsule (ALL/LC), the posterior oblique ligament (POL), and the posteromedial capsule (PMC) would significantly increase internal rotation and that the anteromedial capsule (AMC), and the popliteus tendon and popliteofibular ligament (PLT/PFL) when sectioned would lead to a significant increase in external rotation of the knee.

Methods:

Ten pairs ( n = 20) of cadaveric knees were assigned to two sequential cutting groups (posterolateral-to-posteromedial and posteromedial-to-posterolateral). Specimen were subjected to 5 N-m of internal and external rotation torque at knee flexion angles 0° through 90° in the intact and after each cut state. Rotational changes were measured and compared to the intact and previous states following each cut.

Results:

Sectioning of the ITB significantly increased internal rotation at 60° and 90° by 5.4° and 6.2[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]°, respectively (after ALL/LC cut) and 3.5° and 3.8° (prior to ALL/LC cut) ( Figure 1 ). At 60° and 90°, section of the ALL/LC produced significant increases in internal rotation of 3.1[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]° and 3.5°, respectively (after ITB cut) and of 0.5° (prior to ITB cut) ( Figure 1 ). At 0°, section of the POL produced significant increases in internal rotation of 2.0° (ITB intact) and 1.8° (after ITB cut) ( Figure 1 ). Sectioning the PLT/PFL complex significantly increased external rotation at 60° and 90° by 2.7° and 2.9°, respectively (prior to sectioning medial structures) and 2.2° and 2.7[[Unsupported Character - Codename ­]]°, respectively (after sectioning medial structures) ( Figure 2 ). Sectioning the AMC produced significant increases in external rotation at 30°- 90° of flexion, however the magnitude of change was < 1° ( Figure 2 ). [Figure: see text][Figure: see text]

Conclusion:

Collectively the anterolateral corner structures had a primary role in internal rotational control of the knee from 60° to 90° of knee flexion. The ITB was the most significant primary stabilizer for internal rotation in ACL intact knees. The POL contributed to internal rotational control at full extension, while the PLT/PFL complex controlled external rotation of the knee at higher flexion angles (60° and 90°). Internal rotation control of the knee has been mainly attributed to the cruciate and collateral ligaments. This study delineates the primary and secondary roles of the ITB, the ALL/LC, POL and PLT/PFL to rotatory stability of the knee. As such, it provides new information about the understanding of rotational instabilities of the knee.
Infrastructure public–private partnerships as drivers of innovation? Lessons from Ontario, Canada
Authors: Himmel Michael , Siemiatycki Matti
Published: March 2017

Public–private partnerships have been widely identified as key drivers of innovation in large public infrastructure projects such as hospitals, courthouses, bridges, highways, and transit lines. Yet to date, there is little empirical evidence documenting how much or what types of innovation are realized through the public–private partnership procurement process. Based on an examination of public–private partnership project delivery in Ontario, Canada over the past decade, this study shows that the innovations realized through the public–private partnership process tend to be a series of design, construction method, and material selection choices primarily aimed at lowering project cost and risk. Conversely, more revolutionary innovations in terms of iconic architecture or substantial rethinking of the approach to public service delivery are not typically achieved through the public–private partnership process. The paper concludes by reflecting on the meaning of innovation in the infrastructure sector, and identifies the specific public–private partnership procurement processes that incentivize cost-saving ingenuities over more transformational innovations.
Vitamin B12 deficiency from the perspective of a practicing hematologist
Authors: Green Ralph
Published: March 2017

B12 deficiency is the leading cause of megaloblastic anemia, and although more common in the elderly, can occur at any age. Clinical disease caused by B12 deficiency usually connotes severe deficiency, resulting from a failure of the gastric or ileal phase of physiological B12 absorption, best exemplified by the autoimmune disease pernicious anemia. There are many other causes of B12 deficiency, which range from severe to mild. Mild deficiency usually results from failure to render food B12 bioavailable or from dietary inadequacy. Although rarely resulting in megaloblastic anemia, mild deficiency may be associated with neurocognitive and other consequences. B12 deficiency is best diagnosed using a combination of tests because none alone is completely reliable. The features of B12 deficiency are variable and may be atypical. Timely diagnosis is important, and treatment is gratifying. Failure to diagnose B12 deficiency can have dire consequences, usually neurological. This review is written from the perspective of a practicing hematologist.
Mutation of Kinesin-6 Kif20b causes defects in cortical neuron polarization and morphogenesis
Authors: McNeely Katrina C. , Cupp Timothy D. , Little Jessica Neville , Janisch Kerstin M. , Shrestha Ayushma , Dwyer Noelle D.
Published: March 2017

Background

How neurons change their cytoskeleton to adopt their complex polarized morphology is still not understood. Growing evidence suggests that proteins that help build microtubule structures during cell division are also involved in building and remodeling the complex cytoskeletons of neurons. Kif20b (previously called MPP1 or Mphosph1) is the most divergent member of the Kinesin-6 family of “mitotic” kinesins that also includes Kif23/MKLP1 and Kif20a/MKLP2. We previously isolated a loss-of-function mouse mutant of Kif20b and showed that it had a thalamocortical axon guidance defect and microcephaly.

Methods

We demonstrate here, using the mouse mutant, that Kif20b is required for neuron morphogenesis in the embryonic neocortex. In vivo and in vitro cortical neurons were labeled and imaged to analyze various aspects of morphogenesis.

Results

Loss of Kif20b disrupts polarization as well as neurite outgrowth, branching and caliber. In vivo, mutant cortical neurons show defects in orientation, and have shorter thinner apical dendrites that branch closer to the cell body. In vitro, without external polarity cues, Kif20b mutant neurons show a strong polarization defect. This may be due in part to loss of the polarity protein Shootin1 from the axonal growth cone. Those mutant neurons that do succeed in polarizing have shorter axons with more branches, and longer minor neurites. These changes in shape are not due to alterations in cell fate or neuron layer type. Surprisingly, both axons and minor neurites of mutant neurons have increased widths and longer growth cone filopodia, which correlate with abnormal microtubule organization. Live analysis of axon extension shows that Kif20b mutant axons display more variable growth with increased retraction.

Conclusions

These results demonstrate that Kif20b is required cell-autonomously for proper morphogenesis of cortical pyramidal neurons. Kif20b regulates neuron polarization, and axon and dendrite branching, outgrowth, and caliber. Kif20b protein may act by bundling microtubules into tight arrays and by localizing effectors such as Shootin1. Thus it may help shape neurites, sustain consistent axon growth, and inhibit branching. This work advances our understanding of how neurons regulate their cytoskeleton to build their elaborate shapes. Finally, it suggests that neuronal connectivity defects may be present in some types of microcephaly.
Myeloid-derived suppressor cells and T regulatory cells in tumors: unraveling the dark side of the force
Authors: Hatziioannou Aikaterini , Alissafi Themis , Verginis Panayotis
Published: March 2017

Important conceptual advances in tumor immunology over the last years have shifted the paradigm from focusing on the malignant cell to the importance of host immune components in the design of successful immunotherapies. The immune system, through sophisticated innate and adaptive immune surveillance mechanisms, inhibits the growth and establishment of tumors. However, despite immune surveillance, tumors still escape and grow, mainly as a result of endowed tumor-induced immunosuppressive circuits. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are the major components of these regulatory networks that facilitate tumor immune escape and significantly compromise the efficacy of current immunotherapies. A better understanding of the induction, function, and expansion of these powerful regulatory compartments represents a major challenge on the clinical benefit of current treatments and may foster the design of novel cancer immunotherapies.
A small-molecule screen reveals that HSP90β promotes the conversion of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived endoderm to a hepatic fate and regulates HNF4A turnover
Authors: Jing Ran , Duncan Cameron B. , Duncan Stephen A.
Published: March 2017

We have previously shown that the transcription factor HNF4A is required for the formation of hepatic progenitor cells from endoderm that has been derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We reasoned that we could uncover regulatory pathways with new roles in hepatocyte differentiation by identifying cellular processes that regulate HNF4A. We therefore performed a screen of 1120 small molecules with well-characterized mechanisms of action to detect those that affect the abundance of HNF4A in iPSC-derived hepatic progenitor cells. This approach uncovered several small molecules that depleted HNF4A. Of those, we chose to focus on an inhibitor of heat shock protein 90 beta (HSP90β). We show that mutation of the gene encoding HSP90β represses hepatocyte differentiation during the formation of hepatocytes from iPSCs. We reveal that HSP90β, although dispensable for expression of HNF4A mRNA, directly interacts with HNF4A protein to regulate its half-life. Our results demonstrate that HSP90β has an unappreciated role in controlling hepatic progenitor cell formation and highlight the efficiency of using small-molecule screens during the differentiation of iPSCs to reveal new molecular mechanisms that control hepatocyte formation.
Socially and Environmentally Responsible Value Chain Innovations: New Operations Management Research Opportunities
Authors: Lee Hau L. , Tang Christopher S.
Published: March 2017

By examining the state of operations management (OM) research from 1980 to 2015 and by considering three new industry trends, we propose new OM research directions in socially and environmentally responsible value chains that fundamentally expand existing OM research in three dimensions: (a) contexts (emerging and developing economies); (b) objectives (economic, environmental, and social responsibility); and (c) stakeholders (producers, consumers, shareholders, for-profit/nonprofit/social enterprises, governments, and nongovernmental organizations). In this paper, we describe some examples of this new research direction that are intended to stimulate more exciting OM research, to contribute to the economic and social well-being of both developing and developed economies.

This paper was accepted by Teck-Hua Ho, operations management.
Flower-visiting insects observed on the critically endangered alpine plant species Callianthemum kernerianum Freyn ex A. Kerner (Ranunculaceae)
Authors: Gobbi Mauro , Avesani Daniele , Parolo Gilberto , Scupola Antonio , Zanetti Adriano , Bonomi Costantino
Published: March 2017

In the present paper we provide the first contribution to the knowledge of the flower-visiting insect assemblages of the alpine plant species Callianthemum kernerianum Freyn ex A. Kerner (Ranunculaceae). This focal plant species was selected since it is a steno-endemic and critically endangered species belonging to the IUCN red-list. Fifteen taxa were recorded, among which very few are true pollinators, whereas all the others can be considered only indirect pollinators. The peculiar phenology of the plant and the harsh habitat conditions in which it grows probably affect the richness and abundance of flower-visiting insects as well as of true pollinators. This could be the reason for this plant to be a self-compatible species.
Osseous impingement occurs early in flexion in cam-type femoroacetabular impingement
Authors: Fernquest S. , Arnold C. , Palmer A. , Broomfield J. , Denton J. , Taylor A. , Glyn-Jones S.
Published: March 2017

Aims

The aim of this study was to examine the real time in vivo kinematics of the hip in patients with cam-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).

Patients and Methods

A total of 50 patients (83 hips) underwent 4D dynamic CT scanning of the hip, producing real time osseous models of the pelvis and femur being moved through flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. The location and size of the cam deformity and its relationship to the angle of flexion of the hip and pelvic tilt, and the position of impingement were recorded.

Results

In these patients with cam-type FAI, there was significant correlation between the alpha angle and flexion to the point of impingement (mean 41.36°; 14.32° to 57.95°) (R = -0.5815 and p = < 0.001). Patients with a large cam deformity (alpha angle > 78°) had significantly less flexion to the point of impingement (mean 36.30°; 14.32° to 55.18°) than patients with a small cam deformity (alpha angle 60° to 78°) (mean 45.34°; 27.25° to 57.95°) (p = < 0.001).

Conclusion

This study has shown that cam-type impingement can occur early in flexion (40°), particularly in patients with large anterior deformities. These patients risk chondrolabral damage during routine activities such as walking, and going up stairs. These findings offer important insights into the cause of the symptoms, the mechanisms of screening and the forms of treatment available for these patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2017;99-B(4 Supple B):41–8.
Care and violence through the lens of personal support workers
Authors: Kelly Christine
Published: March 2017

Using a grounded theory approach, this article contends that violence should be considered a part of, rather than in opposition to, care. This conceptualisation is empirically supported by themes from a qualitative study of personal support worker education in Ontario, Canada: one on violence against workers; another on abuse; and a third on sentimental motivations. This article demonstrates the tensions of care: that it can be at once violent and rewarding. The conclusion considers what to do with the discomfort raised by this tense definition, suggesting that it is an essential starting point for transforming the organisation of care.
Multiple tooth extractions in radiotherapy patients: indications, osteoradionecrosis risk and possible oral rehabilitation: case report
Authors: Bachesk Andressa Bolognesi , Piacentini Marcello , Libório Ana Luiza de Moura , Farah Gustavo Jacobucci , Pieralisi Neli , Pavan Ângelo José
Published: March 2017

Osteoradionecrosis (ORN) is one of the most severe oral complications after the head and neck cancer treatment. Tooth extraction, through its traumatic stimulation, is identified as an important predisposing factor. Indications and preventive methods for carrying out these procedures in irradiated patients are questioned, thus, establishing appropriate protocols is essential. This article reports a case of multiple tooth extractions in a cancer patient whose preventive measures were taken without the occurrence of complications. Based on a literature review, this paper accounts the appropriate indications of this procedure, the risk of developing osteoradionecrosis, and the prevention possibilities for this sequela. In addition, this report addresses a viable oral rehabilitation alternative after this kind of surgery by using overdenture on the lower jaw teeth.
Use of systemic antibiotic therapy after the replantation of avulsed permanent teeth: a literature review
Authors: Hamanaka Elizane Ferreira , Silva Vanessa Ferreira da , Poi Wilson  Roberto , Brandini Daniela Atili , Panzarini Sônia Regina
Published: March 2017

Dental avulsion is the most severe type of dentoalveolar trauma, and the treatment of choice for this type of injury should be the replantation of the exarticulated tooth. After conducting a review of the literature and holding discussions with experienced researchers and clinical specialists from different areas, the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) proposed a protocol for tooth replantation, including a recommendation for systemic antibiotic therapy (SAT) to reduce the risk of root resorption. Several antibiotics have been tested, but tetracycline and amoxicillin are, by far, the most commonly used drugs for avulsion injuries. This paper reviews the literature on the prescription of SAT in cases of immediate and delayed replantation of accidentally avulsed permanent teeth, based on a critical analysis of full-length papers retrieved from the PubMed/Medline, Bireme and SciELO electronic databases. Original research reports and literature reviews published in English-language journals between 1966 and 2016, and directly or indirectly discussing the relation between antibiotic therapy and the replantation of permanent teeth, were searched using “tooth avulsion,” “systemic antibiotic therapy” and “tooth replantation” as key words. The prescription of antibiotics for tooth replantation was found to be a controversial subject, and randomized clinical studies are needed to determine whether antibiotics for tooth replantation are actual indicated. Until the results of these studies become available, the recommendation is to use SAT for the management of permanent teeth replanted after an accidental avulsion. The best prescription option is tetracycline for 7 days, and the second best prescription option is amoxicillin for 4 to 7 days.
Influence of chlorhexidine on longitudinal bond strength to dentin: in vitro study
Authors: Fonseca Beatriz Maria , Barcellos Daphne Camara , Pucci César Rogério , Bresciani Eduardo , Araújo Maria Amélia Máximo de
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study evaluated the effect of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate solution used as an therapeutic primer on the long-term bond strength of etch-and-rinse adhesive to dentin. Material and Methods: Bovine incisors were worn to expose an area of dentin and were divided into 2 groups: Group C (Control) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + Single Bond; Group CHX (0.2% CHX) - acid etching with 37% phosphoric acid + 0.2% CHX for 30 s + Single Bond. Blocks of composite were fabricated and stored for 24 h or 6 months, sectioned into beams and submitted to microtensile tests. Results were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey tests. Results: Mean (±SD) values (in MPa) were as follow: Group CHX/24h - 41.8(±2.62)A; Group C/24h - 40.8(±3.35)AB; Group CHX/6 months – 36.4(±3.52)B; Group CHX/6 months - 26.1(±1.54)C. Conclusion: CHX improve the imediatte bond strength of resin-dentin and significantly lowered the loss of bond strength after 6 months water storage as seen in the control bonds.KeywordsTensile bond strength; Dentin; Total-etch adhesives; Chlorhexidine gluconate.
Compliance of Dental Students toward Infection Control in Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University – Yemen
Authors: Al-anesi Mokhtar Saleh , Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Al-Basmi Abdulghani Ali
Published: March 2017

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice related to gender and study level toward infection control among senior dental students. Materials and Methods: The self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the pre-doctoral dental students (4th and 5th levels) in the Dental Teaching Hospital at Thamar University. It included questions related to vaccinations as well as knowledge and practice toward infection control. The collected data was analyzed using Chi-squared test with significant level P-value < 0.05. Results: Response rate was 63%. Distribution of gender among the participants was almost equal with slight increase in number of male subjects. Participated students from 4th-year level were also close to the number of students from 5th-year level. Hepatitis immunization was completed by only 12.9% male students and 17.3% females with no significant difference. Likewise, no significant difference was found among the participants by study level. More than 90% of participants reported always wearing gloves during dental treatment. Unexpectedly, however, using of other protective barriers was low. More than 90% of students, with no significant difference between genders or study levels, reported sterilizing instruments after each dental procedure. Conclusion: The present study showed that the level of knowledge and practice of infection control measures was poor among dental students. The attitude towards infectious control measures was positive, but a greater compliance was needed. Rigorous infection control training for students prior to graduation is also highly recommended.Keywords: Infection control, Compliance, Dental students, Yemen.
MODEL OF CLIMATE AND LAND-USE CHANGES IMPACT ON WATER SECURITY IN AMBON CITY, INDONESIA
Authors: Barkey Roland Alexander , Mappiasse Muh Faisal , Nursaputra Munajat
Published: March 2017

Ambon City is the center of national activities in Maluku province, established under Presidential Decree 77 issued in 2014 about spatial planning of Maluku Islands. Ambon is a strategic region in terms of development in agriculture and fisheries sectors. Development of the region caused this area to be extremely vulnerable to the issues on water security. Seven watersheds which are Air Manis, Hutumury, Passo, Tulehu, Wae Batu Merah, Wae Lela and Wae Sikula affect the water system in Ambon City. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the impact of climate and land use change on water availability in seven watersheds in Ambon City. The analysis was performed using a Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) Model in order to analyze climate changes on the period of 1987-1996 (past), of 2004-2013 (present) and climate projection on the period 2035s (future) and equally to analyze land use data in 1996 and 2014. The results of the research indicated that land use in the study area has changed since 1996 to 2014. Forest area decreased around 32.45%, while residential areas and agriculture land increased 56.01% and 19.80%, respectively. The results of SWAT model presented the water availability amount to 1127.01 million m3/year on the period of 1987-1996. During the period of 2004-2013, it has been reduced to 1,076.55 million m3/year (around 4.48% decrease). The results of the prediction of future water availability in the period of 2035s estimated a decrease of water availability around 4.69% (1,026.09 million m3/year). Land use and climate change have greatly contributed to the water availability in seven watersheds of Ambon City. Ambon City is in need of land use planning especially the application of spatial plan. The maintenance of forest area is indispensable. In built-up areas, it is essential to implement green space and water harvesting in order to secure water availability in the future.
Comparing Mental Illness Stigma among Nurses in Psychiatric and Non-Psychiatric Wards in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences
Authors: Ebrahimi Hossein , Jafarabadi Mohammad Asghari , Areshtanab Hossein Namdar , Pourabbas Maryam , Dehghan Ahmad , Vahidi Maryam
Published: March 2017

Stigma can complicate people’s mental health problems by affecting different sides of personal life, increasing negative attitudes, causing discriminatory behavior towards them, and reducing the chances of recovery and returning to normal life. This research aims to compare the stigma of mental illness among nurses working in psychiatric and non-psychiatric wards in Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. A total of 240 nurses participated in this descriptive and analytic study. The data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) Scale, which is a 40-item self-report questionnaire. All data were analyzed using SPSS 13. The majority of nurses have a medium level of stigma toward people with mental illness, and there is no significant relation between the type of wards and mean stigma scores. After eliminating factors such as mental illness in nurses and their families, it seems that only working with people with mental illness in psychiatric wards is not enough to create a positive attitude toward them. Additionally, the less physical activity and taking advantage of legal benefits of work hardship for psychiatric nurses, low income, and stigma toward psychiatric nursing, probably may make a difference in inclining to work in psychiatry ward between the two groups in spite of relatively equal stigma scores.
Method of Assessment of Hard Rock Workability using Bucket Wheel Excavators
Authors: Machniak Łukasz , Kozioł Wiesław
Published: March 2017

A new hypothesis concerning a process of the mining solid rocks using bucket wheel excavators (BWE). Destroying of the rock mass structure is a result of breaking and not, as so far accepted, of cutting. This approach excludes, for the description of solid rock workability using bucket wheel excavators, used classifications based on individual linear or surface resistances of cutting. The possibility of a replacement mechanism for determining of the workability by bucket wheel excavators using rippers was assumed. On this basis, an innovative method for assessing the workability of solid rocks was developed, which is a combination of an derived empirical energy relationship LSE of breaking by tractor rippers from a compressive strength, a seismic wave velocity, a density of solid rock, and the modified classification of workability by bucket wheel excavators according to Bulukbasi (1991). The proposed method allows for multi-parameter assessment of the workability class based on the parameters that are independent variables in the specified dependencies.
Simulation of Laboratory Tests of Steel Arch Support
Authors: Horyl Petr , Šňupárek Richard , Maršálek Pavel , Pacześniowski Krzysztof
Published: March 2017

The total load-bearing capacity of steel arch yielding roadways supports is among their most important characteristics. These values can be obtained in two ways: experimental measurements in a specialized laboratory or computer modelling by FEM. Experimental measurements are significantly more expensive and more time-consuming. However, for proper tuning, a computer model is very valuable and can provide the necessary verification by experiment. In the cooperating workplaces of GIG Katowice, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava and the Institute of Geonics ASCR this verification was successful. The present article discusses the conditions and results of this verification for static problems. The output is a tuned computer model, which may be used for other calculations to obtain the load-bearing capacity of other types of steel arch supports. Changes in other parameters such as the material properties of steel, size torques, friction coefficient values etc. can be determined relatively quickly by changing the properties of the investigated steel arch supports.
Nanomaterials as novel supports for the immobilization of amylolytic enzymes and their applications: A review
Authors: Husain Qayyum
Published: March 2017

Numerous types of nanoparticles and nanocomposites have successfully been employed for the immobilization and stabilization of amylolytic enzymes; α-amylases, β-amylases, glucoamylases and pullulanases. Nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes retained very high activity and yield of immobilization. The immobilization of these enzymes, particularly α-amylases and pullulanases, to the nanosupports is helpful in minimizing the problem of steric hindrances during binding of substrate to the active site of the enzyme. The majority of nano-support immobilized amylolytic enzymes exhibited very high resistance to inactivation induced by different kinds of physical and chemical denaturants and these immobilized enzyme preparations maintained very high activity on their repeated and continuous uses. Amylolytic enzymes immobilized on nano-supports have successfully been applied in food, fuel, textile, paper and pulp, detergent, environmental, medical, and analytical fields.
Laboratory testing in the emergency department: an Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) and Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) consensus report
Authors: Lippi Giuseppe , Panteghini Mauro , Bernardini Sergio , Bonfanti Laura , Carraro Paolo , Casagranda Ivo , Cavazza Mario , Ceriotti Ferruccio , Ciaccio Marcello , Coen Daniele , Giavarina Davide , Giostra Fabrizio , Paolillo Ciro , Plebani Mario , Ricci Giorgio , Cervellin Gianfranco
Published: March 2017

Background:

The mainstay of patient-oriented laboratory testing in emergency settings entails selecting a number and the type of tests according to valid criteria of appropriateness. Since the pattern of urgent tests requesting is variable across different institutions, we designed a joined survey between the Academy of Emergency Medicine and Care (AcEMC) and the Italian Society of Clinical Biochemistry and Clinical Molecular Biology (SIBioC) for reaching tentative consensus about the most informative diagnostic tests in emergency settings.

Methods:

A survey, containing the most commonly ordered urgent laboratory tests and the relative clinical indications, was disseminated to eight relevant members of AcEMC and eight relevant members of SIBioC. All contributors were asked to provide numerical scores for the different laboratory parameters, where 1 indicated “strongly recommended”, 2 “recommended in specific circumstances”, and 3 “strongly discouraged”. The mean results of the survey were presented as the mean of responders’ values, and the parameters were finally classified as “strongly recommended” (mean value, 1.00–1.49), “weakly recommended” (mean value, 1.50–1.99), “discouraged” (mean value, 2.00–2.49) and “strongly discouraged” (mean value, 2.50–3.00).

Results:

The results of the survey allowed defining a hierarchy of priority, wherein 24 tests were “strongly recommended”. The use of five common tests was instead “strongly discouraged”. For 16 additional parameters in the list, the consensus ranged between “weakly recommended” and “discouraged”.

Conclusions:

We hope that results presented in this joint AcEMC-SIBioC consensus document may help harmonizing panel of tests and requesting patterns in emergency setting, at least at a national level.
About structural changes of lignin during kraft cooking and the kinetics of delignification
Authors: Mattsson Cecilia , Hasani Merima , Dang Binh , Mayzel Maxim , Theliander Hans
Published: March 2017

Wood meal was submitted to kraft cooking in a small-scale flow-through reactor and the structural changes of lignin have been investigated. The rate determining steps in kraft cooking were in focus. Based on two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-NMR) measurements on lignin fractions extracted at different cooking times from the black liquor, it was observed that the main lignin reactions occur within 10–20 min and thus the kinetics of the chemical reaction cannot be the rate-determining step. On the other hand, the molecular weight (MW) of lignin is shifted towards larger fragments in the course of cooking time but the MW decreases with increasing ionic strength. Obviously, the kinetics of the delignification are strongly dependent on solubility and/or mass transport at the cell wall level. At chip size level, the mass transport of cooking chemicals into the wood chip may influence the overall kinetics in the initial part of the cooking. At longer cooking times the concentration of chemicals becomes sufficiently high in the wood chips, and the delignification is progressively governed by solubility and/or mass transport of lignin molecules occurring at the cell wall level.
Design Optimization of Autoswitch Hydrogen Absorption and Desorption Device Using Metal Hydrides
Authors: He Ceng , Wang Yuqi , Song Jing , Li Shanshan , Yang Fusheng , Wu Zhen , Zheng Lan , Zhang Zaoxiao , Kim Kwang
Published: March 2017

Metal hydride is an influential and promising material for hydrogen utilization. Researchers have carried out a large number of studies on hydrogen storage apparatus, and developed a few new devices for its promotion. Unfortunately, for most metal hydride reactors, the hydrogenation and dehydrogenation are two independent processes owing to the different required conditions, which could cause many inconveniences and safety problems to the H2 absorption & desorption cycle with high frequency and intensity. Hence we proposed a new type of autoswitch H2 absorption & desorption device based on the structure improvement, which consists of rotation disc, fixed disc and the reactor. The numerical simulation for H2 absorption/desorption using LaNi5 was accomplished, and the optimizations on both structure and operation conditions were achieved within a certain period of cycle time. Simulation results show when the single cycle time is set to 1600 s, the absorption temperature has to be lower than 45 °C (3 MPa) and pressure higher than 1.28 MPa (20 °C), and the desorption temperature should be higher than 41 °C (0.1 MPa) and pressure lower than 0.48 MPa (80 °C) under the same cycle time. Meanwhile, the effects of reaction finish time, operating temperature and H2 pressure during absorption/desorption process was investigated and simulation data were also fitted to develop the structural optimization. Under the hydrogenation/dehydrogenation conditions of 3 MPa (20 °C)/0.1 MPa (80 °C), the simulation results indicate the optimal initial reacted fraction and total cycle time are 0.07 and 1287 s, respectively. Moreover, both structures of autoswitch device with 4 and 6 openings have been optimized to satisfy the requirement of each stage. The autoswitch H2 absorption & desorption device can realize the automatic switch between hydrogenation and dehydrogenation orderly and controllably, which would provide convenience for the occasions with this demand and show its remarkable value during popularization and application.
The Study of Adsorption Process of Pb Ions Using Well-Aligned Arrays of ZnO Nanotubes as a Sorbent
Authors: Krasovska M. , Gerbreders V. , Tamanis E. , Gerbreders S. , Bulanovs A.
Published: March 2017

Well-structured ZnO nanotubes are obtained by a self-selective etching method with lowering temperatures of growth during the hydrothermal process.

The structural and optical properties of the obtained nanostructures are investigated by various conventional methods.

The goal of the research is to compare the efficiency of ZnO nanotubes to that of ZnO nanorods during lead adsorption process from aqueous solution and demonstrate that hollow nanostructures are more effective than solid nanostructures of the same morphology due to their larger effective surface.

Both nanotubes and nanorods are obtained under similar growth conditions: neither growth solution composition, nor concentration is changed. ZnO morphology is switched only by changing temperature during the growth process.

The measurements are carried out to assess the efficiency of the adsorption per unit weight of ZnO nanorod and nanotube capacity of static adsorption.
Unser hungriges Gehirn: Welche Rolle spielen Gliazellen bei der Energieversorgung?
Authors: Deitmer Joachim W. , Theparambil Shefeeq M. , Ruminot Iván , Becker Holger M.
Published: March 2017

Unser Gehirn, das etwa 2 % unseres Körpergewichts ausmacht, beansprucht bis zu 20 % unseres Energiebedarfs. Die Versorgung aller Gehirnzellen, die besonders beim Menschen sehr dicht gepackt sind, mit ausreichend Energiesubstraten ist eine große logistische Herausforderung. Das wichtigste Energiesubstrat für unser Gehirn ist Glukose, die über den Blutkreislauf ins Gehirn gelangt. Glukose wird dabei nicht nur direkt von den Nervenzellen genutzt, sondern vor allem auch von Gliazellen aufgenommen, die es dann zum erheblichen Teil als Energiereserve in Form von Glykogen speichern oder als Milchsäuresalz (Laktat) an die Nervenzellen weitergeben können. Laktat seinerseits kann dann in Nervenzellen in Pyruvat umgewandelt und mithilfe von Sauerstoff effizient für die Bildung von chemischer Energie in Form von ATP genutzt werden. Das metabolische Zwischenprodukt Laktat spielt somit eine wichtige Rolle als energiereiches Substrat, das zwischen den Zellen sowohl unter aeroben wie anaeroben Bedingungen ausgetauscht wird. Der Transport von Laktat über die Zellmembran geschieht im Kotransport mit Protonen (H