bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Programs and Non-Conventional Educational Projects Focused on Migrants and Refugees
Authors: Trauth Jonathan , Harris Karleah
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this chapter is to provide insights into asylum refugees and the challenges they face. The interventions used with asylum refugees who experience post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are explained. This chapter uses theory-based evaluation (TBE) to explore the efficacy of refugee resettlement used by clergy, staff, and volunteers. Additionally, this chapter highlighted Catholic charities, acculturation, acculturation stress with refugees, and explained the Burundi refugee population in Cincinnati, United States. Refugees have been displaced and experience stress in society. Therefore, having a clear understanding of who refugees are is important, especially when assisting them with the resettlement process.
Between the Global Mindset and an Open Mind
Authors: Huda Miftachul , Ali Abdul Halim , Selamat Abu Zarrin , Rofiq Abdullah , Mohamed Ahmad Kilani , Ihwani Siti Suhaila , Rahim Nik Mohd Zaim Ab , Hashim Azmil , Hanafi Hafizul Fahri
Published: June 2021

The aim of this chapter is to examine the strategic enhancement of global mindset and open mind to supplement the learning atmosphere into being more worldwide in looking at the intercultural divergence. The essential support to interact internationally among the students attempts to enhance cultural awareness and global competence to achieve social development to meet the needs in the global citizen learning. The critical review of several literatures was conducted through arranging the keywords and followed with extracting the data analysis to interpret the results. Both critical analysis and synthesis towards interpreting, conceptualizing, and modelling of worldwide quality together with open mind in intercultural competence. With critical exploration, the finding reveals that an attempt to empower global mindset and an open mind refers to the initiative in encouraging the extent of worldview leading to the social development for active citizenship in order to enable the mutual convenience of interaction with others from diverse backgrounds.
Blockchanging Trust
Authors: Rodrigues Dario de Oliveira
Published: June 2021

By cutting transaction costs and streamlining agreements' execution via “smart contracts,” blockchain technology (BT) turns decentralization into an economic advantage and an antidote against politically harsh decisions that can obliterate privacy, freedom, and democracy. Although BT's ethical bottom line is still uncertain, its use can smooth out the trade-off between privacy and convenience, reconciling both. BT can also help reconfigure the compromise between intellectual property rights and the common good, opening more ethical routes to the diffusion of innovation. BT's data security can be translated into straightforward access to information. On the one hand, this signals new inclusion routes for “identityless” and unbanked people, and on the other, it releases society from biased information and fake news providing access to trusted data. BT guarantees contents precision, distributing a consensual tamper-proof “hyperledger” proving transactions' authenticity and data's integrity. As consensus should be plural, BT's decentralization is thought to be a must in ethical terms.
Electronic Health Record Patient Portals and the Blockchain Technology
Authors: Tavares Jorge
Published: June 2021

The electronic health records (EHR) patient portals are an integrated eHealth technology that combines an EHR system and a patient portal, giving patients access to their medical records, exam results, and services, such as appointment scheduling, notification systems, and e-mail access to their physician. EHR patient portals empower patients to carry out self-management activities and facilitate communication with healthcare providers, enabling the patient and healthcare provider to access the medical information quickly. Worldwide governmental initiatives have aimed to promote the use of EHR patient portals. The implementation of EHR patient portals encompasses several challenges, including security, confidentiality concerns, and interoperability between systems. New technological approaches like blockchain could address these issues and enable a successful worldwide implementation of EHR patient portals.
How Can We Respond to Complex Social Events Before We Are Aware of What We Think?
Authors: Shedletsky Leonard
Published: June 2021

This chapter asks, How can we respond to complex social events before we are aware of what we think? It answers that question by reviewing research studies that show that humans can make use of what they have stored in memory without being aware of that knowledge. Evidence gathered from behavioral economics, social psychology, developmental psychology, discourse analysis, brain research, physiology, linguistics, and clinical psychology points to a view of how we think that should change our understanding of how we communicate. Social intuition theory captures that view and entails our rethinking how human communication works.
What Does Social Intuition Theory Have to Do With Communicating?
Authors: Shedletsky Leonard
Published: June 2021

Our theories of communication have assumed that we deliberate before we express our thoughts; this chapter points out that we implicitly and explicitly hold a rationalist view of thinking and behavior. Instead, social intuition theory proposes that intuition plays a major role in how and what we communicate. This chapter develops the argument for social intuition theory and discusses a range of empirical evidence supporting the theory. It lays out some important ways in which social intuition theory applies to communication theory, for instance, in its explanation of the place and function of giving reasons. It raises questions for communication theory that have gone unattended, and it supplies answers. It discusses how our ideologies take part in our everyday communication behaviors while remaining outside of consciousness. It questions the absence of intuition in textbooks on communication theory.
Individual Journalistic Bias Leads to Public Propaganda
Authors: Lim Young Joon , Lemanski Jennifer
Published: June 2021

The social intuitionist model (SIM) highlights the superiority of intuitive emotions over reasoning process in the link of moral judgment and reasoning, addressing the issues of private or individual intuitions of moral judgments on an interpersonal communication level. While the SIM can be applied to explain why journalists are biased and prone to producing intuitive news stories, the hierarchy of influences model (HIM) offers a theoretical framework that affects media content, which journalists and media organizations create in a social and cultural approach to propaganda. This chapter explores how the integration of SIM and HIM demonstrates the path to propagandistic news stories manufactured by intuitive journalists and their biased news outlets on the macro social structure level.
‘First Listen to My Voice'
Authors: Shpeizer Raz , Glassner Amnon
Published: June 2021

This chapter offers to illuminate some of the complex relations between conscious, rational, higher order human functions and unconscious and intuitive processes, especially in the context of teaching and learning of higher order thinking. The chapter will consider dialogical models, especially those of Richard Paul and Mikhail Bakhtin, for teaching and learning of higher order thinking, which take into account these complex relations, and aims at optimizing higher order thinking skills and dispositions, without neglecting human's emotional side and their need for authentic self-expression.
Facts or Feelings?
Authors: Justice Jacob William
Published: June 2021

The social intuitionist model has significant implications for the study of communication. Specifically, this chapter argues that the social intuitionist model reveals the limitations of rational argument and illustrates factors contributing to misinformation. This argument is developed through a series of four observations. First, communicators have attempted to combat misinformation through rational argument. Second, centuries of interdisciplinary insights revealing the intuitive nature of human decision-making cast doubt on strategies that appeal to audiences primarily through facts and reason. Third, application of the social intuitionist model to contemporary American politics can help explain several puzzling dynamics, including the appeal of Donald Trump and the persistence of misinformation. Fourth, communication scholarship can be improved through greater recognition of the influence of intuition upon decision-making. This chapter concludes by proposing ways that emotional narratives can be used to bridge gaps between public opinion and expert consensus.
“Calling Bullshit”
Authors: Shedletsky Leonard , Bantz David F. , Gabrielski Jo Temah , Aboueissa Abou El-Makarim A.
Published: June 2021

This chapter reports an original experimental study that explores the idea that “calling bullshit” may shed light on how we reach a conclusion quickly, following Mercier and Sperber's social intuitionist theory of how we reason. According to the social intuitionist model, instead of going from deliberating and finding reasons prior to arriving at conclusions, as in the rationalist model, we typically go from conclusions backwards to reasons. Little if any empirical research has studied how we come to the determination “that's bullshit,” especially our ability to decide that something is bullshit so quickly. This study explores the relationship between the strength of belief in four ideologies and the speed of “calling bullshit.” The experiment tests the effect of strength of belief in the worldviews of Individualism, Communitarianism, Hierarchicalism, and Egalitarianism. It also examines reaction time for instances of confirming versus disconfirming the subject's worldview as well as age of the subject.
Recognizing, Embracing, and Advocating for Diversity to Develop Young Children's Social-Emotional Skills
Authors: Franks A. Dean , Classen Audra I. , Hodges Tracey S.
Published: June 2021

In this chapter, the authors discuss how early childhood educators (ECE) can use the Recognizing, Embracing, and Advocating for Diversity (READ) framework to teach young children about diversity. Designing inclusive classrooms provides ECEs with opportunities to create an engaging and positive learning environment. This multi-layered framework, positioned by literacy practices and informed by anti-bias education and the UDL lens, promotes perspective-taking and focuses on ensuring all children have an equitable learning experience and opportunities to fully participate in all aspects of their education. By establishing the READ guidelines, the authors hope to encourage understanding of how ECEs can create classroom environments and activities that teach young children about diversity while providing them with opportunities to practice recognizing, embracing, and advocating for diversity as they grow and learn.
Instructional Interactions and Literacy
Authors: Adams David A. , Hamre Bridget K. , Farmer Lawrence
Published: June 2021

Teacher social emotional competence has been connected to literacy development as well as broader academic outcomes through the domains of Emotional Support and Classroom Organization of the Classroom Assessment Scoring System (CLASS). Despite these findings, teacher development has yet to place an emphasis on social emotional skill development in line with such research. Drawing on diffusion of innovations literature, the authors offer a conceptual model that ties teacher social emotional skill development directly to the instructional support domain of the CLASS, thereby increasing the compatibility of social emotional learning to teaching and learning outcomes, including literacy. The analysis identified perspective-taking and social cue recognition as key opportunities for instructionally-aligned teacher social emotional skill development. The authors make recommendations for methods to increase these skills for teachers.
Anchoring Post-Secondary Readiness in Social-Emotional Learning
Authors: Fradera Marina
Published: June 2021

Intentional social emotional instruction is often absent from most schools in the United States as students grow older. Few state legislatures have policies in place to mandate the integration of social emotional learning (SEL) into classroom instruction after 3rd grade. Rather than being recognized as a key component of all core content learning, SEL is framed as a set of reactionary interventions that address specific adolescent challenges placing youth “at risk.” It is widely understood that social emotional competencies (SECs) grow with and influence emergent literacy among young learners. The same approach is often absent from approaches to literacy instruction for older struggling readers. This chapter underscores the opportunity to frame post-secondary preparation and texts connected to it as opportunities to explicitly teach social emotional competencies (SECs) as a means to plan for the future and heal from the past.
Young Adult Literature as a Means for Developing and Supporting Socio-Emotional Learning
Authors: Savitz Rachelle S. , Roberts Leslie Dawn , Ferrari Kim , Jernigan Steven , Long Rachel Danielle
Published: June 2021

Addressing the social and emotional needs of students is not only vital, but it should be a priority for all teachers. Teaching social and emotional skills directly influences students' academic ability. Yet, many schools and classrooms do not see the connection between their instruction and curriculum with SEL. Often, schools have set aside a portion of the school day, or a few minutes at the end of the class period, to check in with students or teach specific skills. One way that students can explore their own identities and build a sense of agency is through the use of young adult literature. There are many ways that teachers can incorporate YA in the classroom to build SEL. This chapter focuses on how three current in-service teachers use YAL to address SEL in their classrooms. They each provide a brief background of who they are, their beliefs about using YAL to address SEL in their classrooms, and authentic examples from their instruction. Using these descriptions, the authors hope this chapter will help promote using YAL to address SEL in classrooms.
Early Detection and Recovery Measures for Smart Grid Cyber-Resilience
Authors: Butun Ismail , Sari Alparslan
Published: June 2021

The internet of things (IoT) has recently brought major technological advances in many domains, including the smart grid. Despite the simplicity and efficiency that IoT brings, there are also underlying risks that are slowing down its adoption. These risks are caused by the presence of legacy systems inside existing infrastructures that were built with no security in mind. In this chapter, the authors propose a method for early-stage detection of cyber-security incidents and protection against them through applicable security measures. This chapter introduces security techniques such as anomaly detection, threat investigation through a highly automated decision support system (DSS), as well as incident response and recovery for smart grid systems. The introduced framework can be applied to industrial environments such as cyber-threats targeting the production generator as well as the electricity smart meters, etc. The chapter also illustrates the framework's cyber-resilience against zero-day threats and its ability to distinguish between operational failures as well as cyber-security incidents.
Services in Connected Vehicles
Authors: Bertilsson Marcus , Folkemark Michel , Gu Qingyun , Rydberg Viktor , Yazar Abdullah
Published: June 2021

Smart vehicles have introduced many services which can be categorized by their functionality (infotainment, comfort, ADAS, OEM services). Introducing new services increases the risk of compromising security. A mobile app used by drivers to connect the vehicle could be infected with malware and spread to the vehicle. Forging remote starting signals enables an attacker to start the vehicle without a key. Security implications of these services should be investigated and addressed thoroughly. This chapter investigates such problems and provides an overview of vulnerabilities, attacks, and mitigations related to these services along with findings including software bugs and insecure protocols. The mitigations for these attacks include strengthening the security protocol of the vehicle CAN bus and incorporating security protocols such as TLS and IPsec. It is hard to say that all connected vehicles are secured. In conclusion, security cannot be neglected, and best practices like sufficient logging (e.g., IDS), reviewing, security testing, and updating of software and hardware should be used.
A Study of Online Purchasing Intention During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Lebanese Context
Authors: Easa Nasser Fathi , Kaakour Soumaya Mounir
Published: June 2021

This study aims to investigate the impact of selected factors (website quality, website brand, trust, SNS usage through mobile application, eWOM, and mobile phone addiction) on online purchase intention during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study also investigates the mediating impact of trust on the association between website quality, website brand, and online purchase intention. Data were collected from 226 Facebook users in Lebanon. The hierarchical regression analysis was used to evaluate the impact of these factors on online purchase intention. The results show that only website brand and mobile phone addiction were significantly related to online purchase intention. It was also found that trust does not have a mediation effect on the relationship between website brand and online purchase intention. However, trust can be considered as a partial mediator of the relationship between website quality and online purchase intention. Finally, practical implications are discussed. Then directions for future research are presented.
Wanna Be a Friend on Social Media?
Authors: Güngör Ayşegül Sağkaya , Yener Dursun , Taşçıoğlu Mertcan
Published: June 2021

As the volume of consumer-brand interactions is increasing in the social media setting, it becomes essential to understand how to foster relationships to create favorable attitudes towards the brand, stimulate sales, and enable consumers to forward the brand name to others. In this regard, this research focuses on the effect of communication style (formal vs. informal) that should be used for products that have different levels of self-expression (high vs. low) in social media communications. An experiment was conducted with 384 participants. The results indicated that consumers prefer informal communication regardless of the self-expression level of the product in social media. Investigating the interaction effects, the authors demonstrated that highly self-expressive products favorably stimulate word-of-mouth intention in case of formal communication. However, it is the informal communication that stimulates purchase and word-of-mouth intentions and brand attitudes when the product is low self-expressive in nature.
Biological Activity, Physical Properties, and Toxicity
Authors: Pal Ranita , Chattaraj Pratim Kumar
Published: June 2021

In the current pandemic-stricken world, quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) analysis has become a necessity in the domain of molecular biology and drug design, realizing that it helps estimate properties and activities of a compound, without actually having to spend time and resources to synthesize it in the laboratory. Correlating the molecular structure of a compound with its activity depends on the choice of the descriptors, which becomes a difficult and confusing task when we have so many to choose from. In this mini-review, the authors delineate the importance of very simple and easy to compute descriptors in estimating various molecular properties/toxicity.
Performance Analysis of TCP Newreno Over Mobility Models Using Routing Protocols in MANETs
Authors: Singh Rajnesh , Singh Neeta
Published: June 2021

A MANET is a collection of nodes connected wirelessly that try to converse with each other with no need for any central control or infrastructure establishment. The model of mobility depicts the poignant nature of every node which is mobile in MANETs that is considered to be realistic. It plays a vital role in measuring the performance of MANETs. Mobility is considered to be the prime motive in simulation, because it is a huge influence over the design and network's performance due to limitation in resources and it lead to packet delivery ratio (PDR), varying velocity node energy (NE). Lots of work has been done to improve the above problems. Therefore, there is a requirement of more improvement in this area to enhance overall performance of mobility models. This paper presents a comparative simulation-based analysis of Gauss Markov, Manhattan, and random waypoint mobility models over TCP Newreno that uses a DSDV and AODV routing protocols. Moreover, experiment results and performance analysis have been performed with PDR and NE of the varying number of mobile nodes.
A Cross-Layer Predictive and Preemptive Routing Protocol for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Using the Lagrange Interpolation
Authors: Ahmed Manel Baba , Cherif Moussa Ali , Hacene Sofiane Boukli
Published: June 2021

Underwater wireless sensor networks have become enabling technology for the seawater exploration. Since they raise numerous challenges and problems such as their limited battery and bandwidth, energy-constraint, 3D deployment, and temporary losses of connectivity or link failure, in this paper, a predictive and preemptive cross-layer protocol CLPP-VBF is proposed based on the vector-based forwarding protocol (VBF) for UWSNs, aimed to predict a future loss of connectivity or link failure problems using the Lagrange interpolation method, avoiding unnecessary transmission and rediscovering another new forwarder node in order to guarantee the data packets transmission reliability. The approach is a cooperation between the medium access layer (MAC) and network layer. The study has been implemented and evaluated using the well-known NS2 network simulator with an extension Aqua-sim; the simulation performance shows the merit of CLPP-VBF against VBF in term of delivered packets, average end-to-end delay, and energy consumption.
Cell-Associated HIV Cross-Presentation by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells Is Potentiated by Noncognate CD8+ T Cell Preactivation
Authors: Isnard Stéphane , Hatton Etienne X , Iannetta Marco , Guillerme Jean-Baptiste , Hosmalin Anne
Published: June 2021

IFN-γ secretion by Ag-specific T cells is known to be tightly regulated by engagement of the TCR. Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDC) can cross-present Ags from apoptotic HIV-infected cells or tumor cells to CD8+ T cells. As pDC respond to HIV virions by maturing and secreting cytokines, we hypothesized that this might affect cross-presentation from HIV-infected cells. Purified blood DC were incubated with apoptotic HIV-infected H9 cells in the presence of saquinavir, after which the activation process of HIV-specific cloned CD8+ T cells was studied. IFN-γ secretion by HIV-specific T cells was stimulated by pDC and conventional DC (cDC1) more than by cDC2 and was strictly MHC class I restricted. Surprisingly, intracellular production of IFN-γ was only partly MHC class I restricted for pDC, indicating a noncognate CD8+ T cell activation. pDC, but not cDC, matured and secreted IFN-α in the presence of apoptotic H9HIV cells. A mixture of IFN-α, IFN-β, and TNF-α induced intracellular production of IFN-γ but not granzyme B, mimicking the noncognate mechanism. Neutralization of type I IFN signaling blocked noncognate intracellular production of IFN-γ. Moreover, cognate stimulation was required to induce IFN-γ secretion in addition to the cytokine mixture. Thus, IFN-γ secretion is tightly regulated by engagement of the TCR as expected, but in the context of virus-infected cells, pDC can trigger intracellular IFN-γ accumulation in CD8+ T cells, potentializing IFN-γ secretion once CD8+ T cells make cognate interactions. These findings may help manipulate type I IFN signaling to enhance specifically Ag-specific CD8+ T cell activation against chronic infections or tumors.
A Rapid Assay for SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies That Is Insensitive to Antiretroviral Drugs
Authors: Huang Deli , Tran Jenny Tuyet , Peng Linghang , Yang Linlin , Suhandynata Raymond T , Hoffman Melissa A , Zhao Fangzhu , Song Ge , He Wan-ting , Limbo Oliver , Callaghan Sean , Landais Elise , Andrabi Raiees , Sok Devin , Jardine Joseph G , Burton Dennis R , Voss James E , Fitzgerald Robert L , Nemazee David
Published: June 2021

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike pseudotyped virus (PSV) assays are widely used to measure neutralization titers of sera and of isolated neutralizing Abs (nAbs). PSV neutralization assays are safer than live virus neutralization assays and do not require access to biosafety level 3 laboratories. However, many PSV assays are nevertheless somewhat challenging and require at least 2 d to carry out. In this study, we report a rapid (<30 min), sensitive, cell-free, off-the-shelf, and accurate assay for receptor binding domain nAb detection. Our proximity-based luciferase assay takes advantage of the fact that the most potent SARS-CoV-2 nAbs function by blocking the binding between SARS-CoV-2 and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. The method was validated using isolated nAbs and sera from spike-immunized animals and patients with coronavirus disease 2019. The method was particularly useful in patients with HIV taking antiretroviral therapies that interfere with the conventional PSV assay. The method provides a cost-effective and point-of-care alternative to evaluate the potency and breadth of the predominant SARS-CoV-2 nAbs elicited by infection or vaccines.
The role of automated compression devices in out-of- and in- hospital cardiac arrest. Can we spare rescuers’ hands?
Authors: Latsios George , Leopoulou Marianna , Synetos Andreas , Karanasos Antonis , Melidi Eleni , Toutouzas Kostas , Tsioufis Kostas
Published: June 2021

Research regarding the use of mechanical compressions in the setting of a cardiac arrest, either outside of or inside the hospital environment has produced mixed results. The debate whether they can replace manual compressions still remains. The aim of this review is to present current literature contemplating the application of mechanical compressions in both settings, data comparing them to manual compressions as well as current guidelines regarding their implementation in everyday clinical use. Currently, their implementation in the resuscitation protocol seems to benefit the victims of an in-hospital cardiac arrest rather than the victims that sustain a cardiac arrest outside of the hospital.
COVID-19 or not COVID-19, that is the question. The role of screening criteria and point-of-care lung ultrasound in the triage decision-making process in an Emergency Department during the phase 2 of the COVID-19 Italian epidemic
Authors: Poggiali Erika , Bastoni Davide , Ferrari Mariachiara , Moretto Dario , Buttafava Federico , Mateo Ramos Pau , Burzio Valentina , Petri Jolanda , Magnacavallo Andrea , Vercelli Andrea
Published: June 2021

In the COVID-19 era the real challenge for the Emergency Departments (ED) is to avoid the spread of the viral infection within the so called “clean area” of the emergency room and the hospital. Different protocols have been proposed and adopted in the EDs to quickly identify suspected COVID-19 patients and to correctly manage these patients, all based on clinical and epidemiological criteria. To the best of our knowledge, our pre-triage decisional making-process first integrates the pre-triage interview with pointof- care Lung Ultrasound (LUS) performed in the triage area. The aim of our study is to assess the sensitivity and specificity of our screening clinical and/or epidemiological criteria, and to investigate the role of LUS in the triage decision-making process during the “phase 2” of the COVID-19 Italian epidemic. Our study confirms the pivotal role of the triage in the decision-making process and the management of the entire ED, and it demonstrates that further studies are necessary to validate the role of LUS as tool to promptly identify COVID-19 patients, if combined with a correct pre-triage interview.
Subclinical pericarditis long after SARS-CoV-2 infection: a case report
Authors: Falchi Anna Giulia , Leonardi Sergio , Cappa Giovanni , Perlini Stefano
Published: June 2021

We describe a rare complication of COVID-19 long after infection in a 76-years-old man presented to the Emergency Department with dyspnea and palpitations. A 12-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus tachycardia PR depression in the inferior leads associated with an apparent pseudo ST elevation. In the absence of elevation of inflammatory indices, considering the lack of symptoms neither NSAIDs nor colchicine were prescribed, and the patient was referred for clinical follow-up. After ten days ECG documented initial reduction of the widespread concave STE and PR depression, and the 1-month follow- up visit, the patient was asymptomatic with unremarkable physical examination, and a 12-lead ECG showed almost complete normalization of the ST and PR segments. Although pericardial involvement after COVID-19 infection has been already described, the incidence of subclinical pericarditis has not and may have implications for the monitoring of patients with uncomplicated COVID-19 infection managed as outpatients.
Operation technological process research in the cleaning system of the grain combine
Authors: Badretdinov Ildar , Mudarisov Salavat , Khasanov Eduard , Nasyrov Ruslan , Tuktarov Marat
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study is to increase the efficiency of the technological process of a combine harvester cleaning system. It involved the simulation of the actual work process, the identification of problem areas and the uniform airflow distribution across the width of the sieve mill. The method for determining the class of ‘air-grain heap’ flow in the combine harvester cleaning system is presented in order to provide the mathematical description of its technical work process. As a result, the volumetric (Q = 8·10–6 ÷ 2.5·10–4) and mass (W = 0.01 ÷ 0.3) concentration of a grain heap in different sections of the sieve mill of the combine harvester cleaning system. The experimental measurements of the airflow speed on the sieve mill’s surface for the existing structures of the cleaning system in modern grain harvesters were 3.75 ÷ 10.2 m/s. The data obtained will be used in the future to implement a mathematical model for a complete description of the technological process of a combine harvester cleaning system using methods based on two-phase flow mechanics.
Hsa-miR-5581-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p target the F8 gene in hemophilia A without F8 mutations
Authors: Meng Feiying
Published: June 2021

Objective: This study aims at uncovering the effects of microRNAs (miRNAs) on F8 gene and FVIII protein in hemophilia A (HA).

Methods: F8-targeting miRNAs were predicted by TargetScan, miRDB and starBase. MiRNAs predicted by at least two of the three databases were selected for further study, and their expressions in the blood of HA patients without F8 mutations and healthy controls were detected. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the binding between hsa-miR-5581-3p/hsa-miR-542-3p and F8. The regulation of F8 by hsa-miR-5581-3p/hsa-miR-542-3p was investigated in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and lymphoblastoid cell line (LCL) that displayed endogenous expression of FVIII. qRT-PCR was used to detect the expressions of miRNAs and F8 gene, and Western blotting was conducted to measure the expression of FVIII protein.

Results: A total of 43 F8-targeting miRNAs were predicted by at least two of the three databases. Among these miRNAs, hsa-miR-5581-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p were highly expressed in the blood of HA patients and have not been reported in previous studies of HA. Both hsa-miR-5581-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p could bind the 3’UTR of F8 mRNA. Upregulation of hsa-miR-5581-3p or hsa-miR-542-3p suppressed the expressions of F8 mRNA and FVIII protein in HUVECs and LCL cells.

Conclusion: Hsa-miR-5581-3p and hsa-miR-542-3p target the F8 gene and suppress the expression of FVIII protein, which may contribute to the development of HA without F8 mutations.
SYSTEMIC MASTOCYTOSIS: MOLECULAR LANDSCAPE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR TREATMENT
Authors: Monaldi Cecilia , Sara De Santis  , Manuela Mancini  , Samantha Bruno  , Michele Cavo  , Simona Soverini
Published: June 2021

Over the past decade we have witnessed major advances in the molecular characterization of systemic mastocytosis (SM). This has provided important information for a better understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease but has also practically impacted on the way we diagnose and manage it. Advances in molecular testing has indeed run in parallel with advances in therapeutic targeting of constitutive active KIT, the major driver of the disease. Assessing the molecular landscape in each individual SM patient is nowadays important for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and monitoring of therapeutic efficacy. This is facilitated by the routine availability of novel technologies like digital PCR and NGS. This review aims to summarize the pathogenesis of the disease, discuss the value of molecular diagnostic testing and how it should be performed, and provide an overview of present and future therapeutic concepts based on fine molecular characterization of SM patients.
Les séries dendroisotopiques et leur signification climatique
Authors: Bégin C , Savard M M , Marion J , Gingras M
Published: June 2021

Three carbon and oxygen dendroisotopic series representative of the upstream sector of the La Grande River watershed and covering the period between 1800 and 2005 were produced under the ARCHIVES project. In order to use tree-ring isotopic ratios to reconstruct
climatic conditions of the last centuries, we first assessed their climatic significance by conducting a statistical study of their relationship with hydrometeorological series available for the region. The results show that the two types of isotopic ratios in wood cellulose (delta-13C and
delta-18O) are generally sensitive to the same climatic parameters, but at varying degrees, and that this sensitivity increases when the two isotopic indicators are combined (mean delta-13C and delta-18O values). They respond to the maximum temperature and total precipitation of the summer season
(June to August), and also to some parameters integrating several aspects of the regional climate such as a climate index combining temperatures and precipitations, the vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and regional River discharge. VPD is the parameter that most strongly correlates with the isotopic
values, due to its direct influence on isotope fractionation processes related to stomatal functioning. The results presented in this chapter, clearly show that isotopic ratios of black spruce trees can be considered as excellent climate indicators for the boreal sector of northeastern
America.
Hepatoprotective effect of kaempferol glycosides isolated from Cedrela odorata L. leaves in albino mice
Authors: Asaad Gihan Farag , Ibrahim Abdallah Heba Mohammed , Mohammed Hala Shaaban , Nomier Yousra Ahmed
Published: June 2021

Background and purpose:

Paracetamol is the most implicated xenobiotic in inducing hepatotoxicity. Our study aimed to determine the impact of some kaempferol glycosides isolated from the leaves of Cedrela odorata L. on paracetamol hepatotoxicity.

Experimental approach:

The methanolic extract of dried leaves of C. odorata L. was subjected to the combination of spectroscopic methods (1H and 13CNMR). Six kaempferol glycosides were isolated: kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glycopyranoside (astragalin), kaempferol-3-O-β-L-rhamnopyranoside, kaempferol-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, kaempferide-3-O-β-D-rutinoside, kaempferide-3-O-β-Drutinosyl-7-O-β-D-rhamnopyranoside, and kaempferol-3-O-β-D- rutinosyl-7-O-a-D-arabinopyranoside. Fifty-four female Swiss Albino mice were divided randomly into 9 groups including (1) control negative (1 mL/kg saline; IP), (2) control positive (paracetamol 300 mg/kg; IP), (3) silymarin 50 mg/kg (IP). Animals of groups 4-9 were injected with 6 different samples of isolated compounds at 100 mg/kg (IP). One h later, groups 3-9 were injected with paracetamol (300 mg/kg IP). Two h later, tissue samples were taken from all animals to assess nitrotyrosine, c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase (c-JNK), Raf -1kinase, and oxidative stress biomarkers viz. reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA).

Findings/Results:

Isolated glycosides had a prominent anti-apoptotic effect via inhibition of c-JNK and Raf-1 kinase. They also exerted a powerful antioxidant effect by modulating the oxidative stress induced by paracetamol via increasing GSH, reducing MDA and nitrotyrosine concentrations compared to positive control. The glycoside (1) showed a better effect than silymarin (standard) in ameliorating the formation of nitrotyrosine, Raf-1 kinase, c-JNK, and GSH.

Conclusion and implication:

Kaempferol glycosides isolated for the first time from C. odorata L. leaves exerted antioxidant and antiapoptotic effects via amelioration of oxidative stress and inhibition of Raf/MAPK pathway.
Ghost cell
Authors: Chavhan Snehal Uttam , Dhanawade Sonal S , Fukate Chetan , Bansal Shivani P
Published: June 2021

Ghost cells (GCs) have been a curious topic since a great deal of time. Extensive research has been done to deduce the true characteristics and formation of these cells. GCs are balloon-shaped, elliptical, pale eosinophilic epithelial cells with pyknotic nuclei, leaving only a faint outline. In routine H and E staining, these cells give shadowy appearance and hence are also called shadow cells or translucent cells. The present article is an attempt to describe in detail about the origin, microscopic appearance, staining property, immunohistochemistry profile and diagnostic importance of GCs.
Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst
Authors: Mahdavi Nazanin , Zavarei Mona , Derakhshan Samira , Nasab Mahboube Hashemi
Published: June 2021

Orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) is an uncommon odontogenic cyst. It has been categorized as a subtype of odontogenic keratocyst (OKC). In 2005, it was classified as a distinct entity. OOC should be histopathologically differentiated from OKC, which has a higher recurrence rate and lower malignant potential. In addition, OOC should be examined for malignant transformation. The epithelium of odontogenic cysts may rarely show malignant transformation. However, malignant transformation has been reported in inflammatory cysts such as the residual cyst and periapical cyst. The number of carcinomas arising from an OOC is low. This paper describes eight cases of OOC; out of which, two showed the development of squamous cell carcinoma from their epithelial lining.
Primary lymphangioma of palatine tonsil
Authors: Giri Ranjana , Dasnayak Goutami , Raman Sarojini , Senapati Urmila
Published: June 2021

Lymphangiomas are benign congenital tumors of the lymphatic system. Tonsillar lymphangiomas are extremely rare. Histopathological confirmation is essential to make the correct diagnosis. We report a case of primary lymphangioma of the left tonsil in a 17-year-old male patient who presented with difficulty in swallowing and was clinically diagnosed as a tonsillar cyst.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (noninvasive)
Authors: Naik Sujata , Das Prateek , Patnayak Rashmi , Swain Santosh Kumar
Published: June 2021

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common type of benign tumors of minor salivary glands. A carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma (CXPA) is a malignant epithelial neoplasm originating from either a primary or recurrent benign PA. The nasopharynx is an extremely uncommon location for this tumor. A 32-year-old male had complaints of nasal blockage. In noncontrast computed tomography, a soft-tissue mass was present in the nasopharynx. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of the endoscopically excised mass revealed features of CXPA, noninvasive in nature. Careful histopathological examination is the key to identify this uncommon entity. To the best of our knowledge, <20 cases have been published so far.
Developing complex odontoma in a 4-year-old child with active ameloblastic follicles
Authors: Prasad Harikrishnan , Kumar Gopal Shiva , Rajmohan Muthusamy , Varkey Korath
Published: June 2021

The World Health Organization (WHO) classification of odontogenic tumors, in its different iterations, has seen several modifications in benign mixed odontogenic tumors. Odontoma is a benign mixed odontogenic tumor that shows dental hard tissue formation to varying degrees. Although odontomas are the most common odontogenic tumors, they are mostly seen in the form of compound odontomas, where the dental hard tissues resemble tooth-like structures. Complex odontoma shows a haphazard mass of dental hard tissues and is generally identified at an older age (mean age of around 20 years). Incidence of complex odontoma in very young children is quite rare, with only around 10 cases associated with the primary dentition being reported in the literature till date. Unlike other odontomas, our case showed an active epithelial component in the form of tooth buds and ameloblastic follicles along with the hard tissues, which made it difficult to distinguish from other similar lesions like ameloblastic fibroma with hard tissue formation and ameloblastoma arising from an odontoma. This article reports the 11th case of complex odontoma associated with the primary dentition, and the youngest such case to be reported in the Indian population.
Oral carcinoma cuniculatum
Authors: Elangovan Elampavai , Banerjee Abhishek , Abhinandan  , Roy Bireswar
Published: June 2021

Oral Carcinoma cuniculatum(OCC) is rare variant of squamous cell carcinoma. The histopathological features of this type of carcinoma makes it special in the literature of Pathology. The appearance of deep invading epithelial islands with pool of keratin cores very similar to rabbit burrows gives the term cuniculatum to the carcinoma. Here we present a case of OCC on the lateral surface of the tongue. Early diagnosis of such case is very important to distinguish it distinctly from the other entities of squamous cell carcinoma like verrucous carcinoma. The knowledge of existence of such entity of squamous cell carcinoma occurring in the oral cavity is very important to facilitate correct treatment planning and management.
Clear-cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Ramani Pratibha , Gheena S , Karunagaran Monika , Hannah R
Published: June 2021

Clear-cell variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely rare entity in the maxillofacial region. We report a case of 42-year-old female who presented with a soft-tissue growth with erythematous and nonscrapable irregular white patches on the left alveolar mucosa for the past 3 months. Histopathologic examination showed lobules and sheets of clear cells with features of malignancy extending from the surface epithelium. Periodic acid–Schiff and mucicarmine stains showed a negative reaction. Immunohistochemical study using antibody for pan-cytokeratin revealed intense positivity and negative for the markers such as S-100, smooth muscle actin and CD 117.
Langerhans cell histiocytosis
Authors: Cherian Latha Mary , Sasikumar Dhanya , Sathyan Pradeesh , Varghese Binuja Elsa
Published: June 2021

Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare reactive and proliferative disease of histiocytes. The disease occurs predominantly in children and rarely in adults. This disease of unknown etiology exhibits extreme clinical heterogeneity. Even though LCH manifests initially in the oral cavity in most of the cases, owing to the relative rarity of the condition, it remains a disease in which the diagnosis is often delayed, missed or misdiagnosed. This is a case of LCH in a child which presented with swelling in the mandibular region.
Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia
Authors: Lakkam Bhagirathi D , Astekar Madhusudan , Alam Shakir , Saleem Adeeba
Published: June 2021

Traumatic ulcerative granuloma with stromal eosinophilia (TUGSE) is an ulcerative condition of the oral mucosa amid a chronic course and delayed healing. It is a reactive lesion that usually affects the tongue. TUGSE is a rare mucosal lesion to aid as an ulcer or an indurated submucosal mass and might cause diagnostic problems as it mimics a traumatic or neoplastic ulcer. However, chronic irritation from traumatic agents is well thought out to be a major initiating aspect. Histopathologically, it is categorized by an eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate penetrating into the underlying muscle. It is significant to make out this mucosal lesion as it mimics malignant ulcers; the condition tends to resolve on its own. Thus, attentiveness of this entity is imperative to emphasize the accurate diagnosis of indurated ulcerated lesions and convey suitable and effective treatment. The present case highlights the clinical aspects, etiopathogenesis and histopathology of this unusual lesion.
Characterization of anti-nuclear antibodies in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and its clinicopathologic implications – An immunofluorescence study
Authors: Gupta Aprna , Das Surya Narayan , Das Bijoy Kumar , Bhuyan Lipsa
Published: June 2021

Background:

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF), widespread in the Indian subcontinent, is a chronic debilitating disease of the oral cavity having a high potential for malignancy. The etiology of OSF is debatable. However, recently, autoimmunity had been suggested to play a significant role in its etiology, yet unproven. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) in the serum of OSF patients which is one of the serum markers of autoimmune diseases and its possible clinicopathologic associations.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 105 blood samples were collected from patients with OSF (n = 45), age- and sex-matched healthy controls with (n = 30) and without (n = 30) areca nut chewing habit. Serum positivity of ANA was determined by immunofluorescence and correlated with the oral habits and severity of the disease measured by maximum mouth opening (MMO) and site of involvement.

Results:

Significantly higher incidence of ANA (35.6%) was found in 45 OSF patients than in the healthy group (P = 0.001). Prevalence of ANA positivity was found higher in females (n = 11; 68%) than males (P < 0.001). A significantly lower MMO (P = 0.00) was found in ANA positive patients (17 ± 6.21 mm) in contrast to MMO in ANA-negative patients (28.74 ± 6.58 mm). The mean duration of habit and frequency of habit between ANA positive and negative patients was not significant. A significantly more number of sites of involvement was seen in ANA positive cases (P = 0.004). Out of 16 ANA positive OSF cases, 10 cases showed + 2 and 6 cases showed + 3 fluorescence intensity. Speckled (n = 8), homogeneous (n = 5) and nucleolar pattern (n = 3) were the fluorescence patterns observed.

Conclusion:

The presence of autoantibodies such as ANA, female predilection, alteration of humoral and cellular immunity justifies OSF as an autoimmune disease. This study provides broader prospective to adopt therapies that selectively target autoimmune pathways.