bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of constructs of professionalism identified in the ABIM framework as perceived by the faculty fitting the Pakistani context
Authors: Khan Humaira Fayyaz , Yasmeen Raheela
Published: February 2020

Objective: Domains of professionalism are well-described in the literature. Examining the elements of Professionalism in the local context have received less attention from education experts. The aim of the study was to explore the construct of professionalism as perceived by the faculty that fitted the Pakistani context identified in the ABIM framework of professionalism.

Methods: This qualitative ethnographic research was conducted involving nine participants from Islamic International Medical College in Riphah University Islamabad. A four hours Focus Group Discussion was undertaken to explore the views of the faculty. The focus group session was audiotaped, transcribed and technique of triangulation was employed. Shortened meaningful unit (SMU) were identified from the transcribed data and analyzed to make codes for themes for the behaviors. Forty-six meaningful units were categorized and codes were identified. The themes were identified under the domains of the ABIM frameworks for the Pakistani context.

Results: The participants listed 2-8 elements for each domain of the framework describing the professional conduct which lead to 140 shortened meaningful units. These were organized into 46 higher order codes.

Conclusions: The study concludes that that ABIM framework can be used to build consensus regarding the domains of professionalism. No difference was found cross contextually regarding the domains of ABIM framework of professionalism.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1573

How to cite this:Khan HF, Yasmeen R. Exploration of constructs of professionalism identified in the ABIM framework as perceived by the faculty fitting the Pakistani context. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):473-478. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1573

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Risk factors and role of NSAIDs in primary prophylaxis
Authors: Nawaz Muhammad Haseeb , Sarwar Shahid , Nadeem Muhammad Arif
Published: February 2020

Objective: To determine efficacy of diclofenac suppository in reducing post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) and identify risk factors for PEP.

Methods: This is a placebo-based prospective study at Department of Medicine & Gastroenterology, Services Institute of Medical Sciences / Services Hospital, Lahore performed from January 2018 to June 2019. Patients were randomized to receive diclofenac suppository or glycerine suppository before ERCP. Both groups were compared for PEP using chi square x2 test while risk factors for PEP were determined using binary logistic regression.

Results: Total of 165 patients with mean age 49.1(±15.2) and male to female ratio 1/1.6 (63/102) were included. Among 82 (49.7%) patients in diclofenac group, 8 (9.7%) developed pancreatitis while 19(22.9%) of 83(50.3%) in placebo group had PEP (p value 0.02). After multivariate analysis, age>45 years (p value 0.014, OR 3.2), Bilirubin >3 mg/dl (p value 0.004 OR 3.58), time to cannulation> 5 minutes (p value<0.000 OR 9.2), use of precut (p value< 0.000 OR 4.9), pancreatic duct cannulation (p value 0.000 OR 5.46) and total procedure time >30 minutes (p value 0.01 OR 3.92) were risk factors for PEP.

Conclusion: Pre-procedure Diclofenac suppository reduces post-ERCP pancreatitis. Age > 45 years, serum bilirubin > 3 mg/dl, cannulation time > 5 minutes, use of precut, pancreatic duct cannulation and procedure time > 30 minutes are risk factors for post-ERCP pancreatitis.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1804

How to cite this:Nawaz MH, Sarwar S, Nadeem MA. Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Risk factors and role of NSAIDs in primary prophylaxis. Pak J Med Sci. 2020;36(3):426-431. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.3.1804

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Problems of Small Business Development in the Context of Tax Changes
Authors: Dvoretskaya Yu. , Kuznetsova O. , Ermakova L.
Published: February 2020

The article reflects modern trends in the development of domestic small business entities – problems related to their reduction and volatility of financial indicators of activity have been identified. The authors noted the positive and negative characteristics of the modern tax environment for small businesses in Russia (paying special attention to the possibility of abolishing the special tax regime on payment of ENVD), proposed a model of optimization of the internal tax mechanism for small enterprises. The recommended model focuses on changing the activities of small firms in response to tax changes (both from an organizational and industry perspective). It is proposed to choose types of business activities that allow to minimize fiscal burden for small businesses.
Absolutely compatible pairs in a von Neumann algebra
Authors: Jana Nabin K. , Karn Anil K. , Peralta Antonio M.
Published: February 2020

Let a, b be elements in a unital C∗-algebra with 0 ≤ a, b ≤ I. The element a is absolutely compatible with b if |a − b| + |I − a − b| = I. In this note, some technical characterizations of absolutely compatible pairs in an arbitrary von Neumann algebra are found. These characterizations are applied to measure how far are two absolute compatible positive elements in the closed unit ball from being mutually orthogonal or commuting. In the case of 2 by 2 matrices, the results admit a geometric interpretation. Namely, non-commutative matrices of the form a = ( t α ) and b = ( x β ) with x, t ∈ (0, 1)\{ 1 }, |α|2 < t(1 − t) α¯ 1 − t β 1 − x 2 and |β|2 < x(1 − x), are absolutely compatible if, and only if, the corresponding point b = (x, lRe(β), S'm(β)) in R3 lies in the ellipsoid Ea = {x ∈ R3 : d2(x, a) + d2(x, a,) = 1}, where d2 denotes the Euclidean distance in R3, and the elements a and a, are (t, lRe(α), S'm(α)) and (1 − t, −lRe(α), −S'm(α)), respectively. The description of absolutely compatible pairs of positive 2 by 2 matrices is applied to determine absolutely compatible pairs of positive elements in the closed unit ball of Mn.
Solving an Open Problem About the G-Drazin Partial Order
Authors: Ferreyra David , Lattanzi Marina , Levis Fabián , Thome Nestor
Published: February 2020

G-Drazin inverses and the G-Drazin partial order for square matrices have been both recently introduced by Wang and Liu. They proved the following implication: if A is below B under the G-Drazin partial order then any G-Drazin inverse of B is also a G-Drazin inverse of A. However, this necessary condition could not be stated as a characterization and the validity (or not) of the converse implication was posed as an open problem. In this paper, we solve completely this problem. We show that the converse, in general, is false and we provide a form to construct counterexamples. We also prove that the converse holds under an additional condition (which is also necessary) as well as for some special cases of matrices.
Hubungan Tingkat Kecerdasan Emosi Dengan Derajat Depresi Pada Mahasiswa Kedokteran
Authors: Ramdhani Sindy Fajriyatul , Fanani Mohammad , Nugroho Dian
Published: February 2020

Abstrak. Kecerdasan emosi merupakan kemampuan seseorang untuk memahami dan merespon emosi seseorang dan orang lain serta menggunakan pemahaman ini untuk memandu pikiran dan tindakannya. Orang-orang dengan kecerdasan emosi yang lebih tinggi ini pun dapat mengatur emosi yang lebih baik di lingkungan akademik, tempat kerja dan lebih banyak lagi, sehingga mereka sering mencapai kesuksesan yang maksimal. Rendahnya kecerdasan emosi terlihat berkorelasi dengan beberapa gangguan kejiwaan seperti depresi, kecanduan, dan kegagalan pendidikan. Depresi sendiri adalah perasaan sedih, pesimis dan merasa sendirian serta masalah mood lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat tingkat kecerdasan emosi dan derajat depresi pada mahasiswa kedokteran tahun pertama.Kata Kunci: [depresi, kecerdasan emosi]
Middle-Upper Triassic stratigraphy and structure in the Alt Palància region (eastern Iberian Chain): A multidisciplinary approach
Authors: Ortí F. , Guimerà J. , Götz A.E.
Published: February 2020

The present study provides new data of the Middle-Upper Triassic successions and their deformation in the eastern Iberian Chain, where contractional tectonics during the Cenozoic disrupted this Mediterranean type of Triassic rocks. The succession, divided into three Muschelkalk units, was studied in the Alt Palància area. In this area, both the lower and upper Muschelkalk consist of two main types of sub-units, those made up of carbonate and those of carbonate-marl alternation. The marked similarity observed between the evaporite units of the middle Muschelkalk and the Keuper humpers their unambiguous discrimination in the field. The integration of geological mapping, stratigraphic logging, palynological dating and gypsum isotope analysis carried out provided that: i) a change in the structural style, facies, and depositional thickness occurs across a SW to NE transect at both sides of the Espina-Espadà Fault, providing evidence for the extensional activity of this major structure; ii) palynological data assign Anisian age to the Röt facies and the lower and the middle Muschelkalk units, and Ladinian to the upper Muschelkalk unit; iii) the δ34SCDT and δ18OSMOW values of gypsum reveal as a useful proxy to discriminate between the middle Muschelkalk (δ34S: 15.6 to 17.8‰) and the Keuper (δ34S: 14 to 15.5‰) units; and iv) the isotopic signature also helps to identify clayey-marly gypsiferous outcrops made up of the two evaporite facies due to tectonic juxtaposition. These results confirm the Mediterranean type of Triassic rocks for the entire Alt Palància and other areas to the NE. This multidisciplinary approach reveals as a robust methodology to study Triassic basins in Iberia and to other geological domains where the carbonate-evaporite successions have been greatly disrupted by tectonism.
How to make a #theDress
Authors: Witzel Christoph , Toscani Matteo
Published: February 2020

If we completely understand how a phenomenon works, we should be able to produce it ourselves. However, the individual differences in color appearance observed with #theDress seem to be a peculiarity of that photo, and it remains unclear how the proposed mechanisms underlying #theDress can be generalized to other images. Here, we developed a simple algorithm that transforms any image with bicolored objects into an image with the properties of #theDress. We measured the colors perceived in such images and compared them to those perceived in #theDress. Color adjustments confirmed that observers strongly differ in how they perceive the colors of the new images in a similar way as for #theDress. Most importantly, these differences were not unsystematic, but correlated with how observers perceive #theDress. These results imply that the color distribution is sufficient to produce the striking individual differences in color perception originally observed with #theDress—at least as long as the image appears realistic and hence compels the viewer to make assumptions about illuminations and surfaces. The algorithm can be used for stimulus production beyond this study.
Feedforward-enhanced Fock state conversion with linear optics
Authors: Švarc Vojtěch , Hloušek Josef , Nováková Martina , Fiurášek Jaromír , Ježek Miroslav
Published: February 2020

Engineering quantum states of light represents a crucial task in the vast majority of photonic quantum technology applications. Direct manipulation of the number of photons in the light signal, such as single-photon subtraction and addition, proved to be an efficient strategy for the task. Here we propose an adaptive multi-photon subtraction scheme where a particular subtraction task is conditioned by all previous subtraction events in order to maximize the probability of successful subtraction. We theoretically illustrate this technique on the model example of conversion of Fock states via photon subtraction. We also experimentally demonstrate the core building block of the proposal by implementing a feedforward-assisted conversion of two-photon state to a single-photon state. Our experiment combines two elementary photon subtraction blocks where the splitting ratio of the second subtraction beam splitter is affected by the measurement result from the first subtraction block in real time using an ultra-fast feedforward loop. The reported optimized photon subtraction scheme applies to a broad range of photonic states, including highly nonclassical Fock states and squeezed light, advancing the photonic quantum toolbox.
Phase-resolved joint spectra tomography of a ring resonator photon pair source using a silicon photonic chip
Authors: Borghi Massimo
Published: February 2020

The exponential growth of photonic quantum technologies is driving the demand for tools to measure the quality of their information carriers. One of the most prominent is stimulated emission tomography (SET), which uses classical coherent fields to measure the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of photon pairs with high speed and resolution. While the modulus of the JSA can be directly addressed from a single intensity measurement, the retrieval of the joint spectral phase (JSP) is far more challenging and received minor attention. However, a wide class of spontaneous sources of technological relevance, as chip integrated micro-resonators, have a JSP with a rich structure that carries correlations hidden in the intensity domain. Here, using a compact and reconfigurable silicon photonic chip, the complex JSA of a micro-ring resonator photon pair source is measured for the first time. The photonic circuit coherently excites the ring and a reference waveguide, and the interferogram formed by their stimulated fields is used to map the ring JSP through a novel phase reconstruction technique. This tool complements the traditionally bulky and sophisticated methods implemented so far, simultaneously minimizing the set of required resources.
Demonstration of the mode-selection rules obeyed in a single-helix helical long-period fiber grating
Authors: Wang Peng , Zhao Hua , Detani Taishu , Tsuyuki Yuhta , Li Hongpu
Published: February 2020

A simple method enabling the validation of the mode-selection rules obeyed in a single-helix helical long-period fiber grating (SHLPG) has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally, which is realized by investigating and analyzing the circular dichroism (CD) and the polarization dependence loss (PDL) spectra of the utilized SHLPG. It is confirmed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that in terms of the SHLPG’s helicity, the core mode

H
E

11

with either the left circular polarization or the right circular polarization will be selectively coupled into the higher HE or the TE/TM mode, respectively. As a result, the SHLPG would exhibit an enhanced CD, as well as an enhanced PDL near the resonant wavelengths of the HE and TE/TM modes, respectively. The results presented in this Letter will be helpful for efficiently designing and producing SHLPG-based circular polarizers and orbital-angular-momentum generators.
Homogeneous enhancement of near-fields in all-dielectric metasurfaces with cluster-based unit cells
Authors: Kupriiannov A. S. , Domina K. L. , Khardikov V. V. , Evlyukhin A. B. , Tuz V. R.
Published: February 2020

To construct a dielectric analog of a spaser, we study several configurations of cluster-based unit cells for an all-dielectric metasurface characterized by resonant conditions of the trapped mode excitation. Excitation of the trapped mode is realized by performing either specific displacement of particles in the cluster or perturbation of the equidistantly spaced particles by off-centered holes. The latter approach is more advantageous for enhancement of the electric near-field with homogeneous distribution in-plane of the structure and strong field localization outside the high-refractive-index dielectric particles. This feature opens prospects for realization of subwavelength flat lasing structures based on strong near-field interaction with substances exhibiting nonlinear characteristics and properties of gain media.
Ikasleen ahotsak: guztiontzako eskola eraikitzeko gakoa
Authors: Sagardia Irati , Martinez Agurtzane
Published: February 2020

Ikastetxe guztietan dagoen aniztasunaren aurrean, indarra hartu du kalitatezko eta ekitatezko hezkuntza inklusiboaren ikuspegiak. Artikulu honetan, ikerketa proiektu baten prozesu eta emaitzak aurkezten dira eta proiektu honetan orain arte sisteman isilduak izan diren protagonisten aho- tsak jaso dira. Proiektuan parte hartu dute Gipuzkoan kokatzen den eskola bateko Lehen Hezkuntzako ikasle guztiek eta helburua izan da ezagutzea ikasleek eskolan dituzten sentimendu eta bizipenak. Ho- rretarako, galdetegiak, ikasleen ahotsa azaleratzen laguntzen duten teknikak eta eztabaida-taldeak era- bili dira. Emaitzek adierazi dute ikasleek zeresan handia daukatela eskolako kulturan, politikan eta praktiketan eta, alderdi positiboak azaleratu dituzten arren, oztopoak ere bizi dituztela eskolako parte- hartzeari eta ikaste-prozesuei dagokienez. Beraz, ikerketan honetan ikasleak entzuteko beharra baiezta- tzen da, eskolako bizikidetza, parte-hartzea eta ikaste-prozesuak errazteko neurriak eta estrategiak di- seinatzeko.GAKO-HITZAK: lehen hezkuntza, ikasleen ahotsa, parte-hartzea, ikaste-prozesuak, hezkuntza inklu- siboa
VIOLATIONS OF THE RIGHTS OF PERSONS AFFECTED BY CRIMES
Authors: Kiryushina L.Yu.
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the most common methods and forms of violation of constitutional and proceduralrights of certain categories of persons affected by crimes. Attention is drawn to the causes of these violationsby persons who are called upon to protect persons whose rights and legitimate interests have beenviolated. Based on the study of materials of judicial investigative practice, certain categories of personsare distinguished whose constitutional and procedural rights are violated more often in comparison withother categories. Based on the isolation of various criteria, the article considers categories such as minorsand juveniles; foreign citizens; persons serving a sentence of imprisonment; women affected by domesticviolence. Particular attention is paid to victims of crime in places of execution. This category of persons isthe most vulnerable due to the special legal situation determined by the conditions of isolation from society.The study of the problem of violations of the rights of persons affected by crimes will contribute to thedevelopment of measures aimed at the prevention of unlawful actions (inaction) of persons called to protectand respect these rights.
Convenções de qualidade em queijos artesanais no Brasil, Espanha e Itália
Authors: Roldan Bruna Bresolin , Revillion Jean Philippe Palma
Published: February 2020

Muitas vezes os alimentos artesanais são vistos pelos consumidores como sendo mais naturais e saudáveis e são valorizados devido a sua tradição, origem e sustentabilidade dos processos envolvidos. Os queijos artesanais representam bem essa categoria de alimentos, pois sua caracterização envolve o tipo de matéria-prima, o método de processamento, as características edafoclimáticas de onde são produzidos, as receitas utilizadas, a pequena escala de produção, as relações estabelecidas entre o produtor e o consumidor. No entanto, essas características estão balizadas por normas sanitárias que nem sempre conseguem ser atendidas pelos produtores, que acabam por realizar a venda informalmente. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar as diferenças existentes entre as concepções, práticas e estratégias de qualidade de queijos artesanais e o impacto da legislação sanitária sobre eles a partir de estudos de caso específicos de queijarias do Brasil, Espanha e Itália.
Estudo do comportamento de queijo Mussarela durante armazenamento refrigerado
Authors: Silva Thamara Evangelista , Silva Thamiris Evangelista , Garcia Lismaíra Gonçalves Caixeta , Santos Priscila Alonso dos
Published: February 2020

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o comportamento do queijo Mussarela de alta umidade ao longo de 60 dias de armazenamento a 7°C em estufa tipo BOD quanto à qualidade microbiológica, composição físico-química, propriedades funcionais e perfil de textura. Os queijos foram adquiridos em laticínio do município de Rio Verde, GO. As análises foram realizadas durante 60 dias com intervalos de 20 dias entre as análises. Para avaliar se as mudanças ocorridas durante o tempo de armazenamento foram significativas, foi realizada a análise de variância e as médias dos diferentes dias de armazenamento foram comparadas pelo Teste de Tukey a 95% de confiança. Os resultados apontaram qualidade higiênico-sanitária na produção dos queijos. A composição físico-química foi influenciada pelo tempo apenas com relação ao conteúdo de pH e proteína, porém os mesmos apresentaram-se conforme estudos já realizados. Já as propriedades funcionais dos queijos analisados sofreram influência do tempo de armazenamento, apenas o teor de óleo livre se manteve estável. A cor dos queijos apresentou valores com tendência a coloração amarela durante todo o período de armazenamento. À medida que ocorreu o aumento da proteólise primária e secundária, houve também o aumento na capacidade de derretimento e alterações nos parâmetros de textura. O queijo Mussarela apresentou-se próprio para o consumo com período de armazenamento de 60 dias a 7°C, sendo que as mudanças ocorridas são aceitáveis e requeridas, pelo fato de os queijos serem comumente utilizados em pizzas.
História da Educação e pesquisas sobre instituições escolares: um balanço da produção nas universidades paranaenses (2008-2016)
Authors: Andrade Francielle Aparecida Garuti , Toledo Cézar de Alencar Arnaut de
Published: February 2020

Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar a produção de teses e dissertações defendidas nas universidades paranaenses, no período de 2008 a 2016, que discutem a história de instituições escolares como temática no interior do campo da História da Educação. Para tal, faz-se um inventário desses trabalhos, constando: título, nome do autor, ano da defesa e a instituição. O mapeamento e o questionamento da produção, no seu todo ou em temáticas, é uma atividade fundamental para que seja avaliada a qualidade e o sentido do trabalho realizado e serve para delinear os percursos futuros da pesquisa na área. Os balanços da produção acadêmica remetem para a questão da identidade de uma área, por isso, é um importante exercício para todos os campos de pesquisa. A realização deste estudo permitiu constatar que, embora na esfera nacional, especialmente em eventos especializados na área, haja uma profusão de pesquisas sobre o tema, no Paraná, a incidência desses estudos é bem menor.
As reformas educacionais na década de 1920 no Brasil e as políticas de formação de professores primários
Authors: Pereira Sueli Menezes
Published: February 2020

O texto trata das reformas educacionais dos Estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Rio Grande do Sul na década de 1920, tendo como foco as políticas de formação de professores primários no Brasil. Resultado de uma pesquisa histórica de caráter teórico-documental, tendo na legislação a fonte primária de análise, este trabalho tem por objetivo evidenciar os interesses mascarados do capital nas políticas de formação de professores primários na época. Os resultados evidenciam o conflito entre o novo e o existente, onde aí se identifica o foco de reflexão que nos permite compreender, nas questões educacionais, o papel do professor primário, a partir das tensões que se inserem na sua formação em nossa realidade.
Histórias e memórias de alunos da EJA nas universidades brasileiras e portuguesas após 1974
Authors: Oliveira Albertina Lima de , Amaral Marco Antônio Franco do
Published: February 2020

As políticas portuguesas e brasileiras de democratização no ensino vêm proporcionando, ainda que discretamente, um crescimento do número de alunos egressos da Educação de Jovens e Adultos nos cursos de licenciatura das instituições públicas de ensino. Para realizar um mapeamento histórico dos perfis sociodemocráficos dos estudantes egressos da educação de adultos que fizeram licenciatura em Pedagogia no Instituto Federal Goiano, ou Ciências da Educação na Universidade de Coimbra, foi realizado um estudo com a utilização de entrevistas semiestruturadas com ex-alunos desses cursos. Com auxílio das narrativas e suporte metodológico da história oral, foi possível constatar que eles tiveram percursos de escolarização frágeis, maioritariamente trabalham, são casados e estiveram afastados da escola por muitos anos. Alunos brasileiros revelaram que se sentiram motivados a cursar o ensino superior na expectativa de um reenquadramento profissional e, de modo divergente, os alunos portugueses apresentaram forte motivação pela busca de realização pessoal.
Direito à educação, escravatura e ordenamento jurídico no Brasil Império
Authors: Cury Carlos Roberto Jamil
Published: February 2020

Este estudo, documental e bibliográfico, explicita pressupostos do ordenamento jurídico do Império no que se refere à instrução primária e a existência do cativeiro. Aquela era declarada direito da cidadania, mas dela excluía implicitamente os escravos. Aqui se pretende esclarecer melhor o significado jurídico específico dos termos negro, escravo, liberto e ingênuo na abundante literatura sobre a relação educação e escravatura, estabelecendo distinção precisa entre esses termos.Para dar conta desse recorte foram consultadas e revisadas as seguintes bases de dados: Portal de Periódicos, Google Acadêmico e Scielo em artigos, capítulos e dissertações e teses. Campello (2018), pelo estudo do ordenamento jurídico e Jellineck (1912), pela discussão do direito público subjetivo na relação sujeito/Estado foram fundamentais para confirmar, no ordenamento jurídico, a negação da relação positiva entre instrução primária pública e cativeiro.
Gestures of Care and Recognition: An Introduction
Authors: Cubellis Lauren
Published: February 2020

This collection of essays offers an exploration of care as a gesture of recognition. As both object of inquiry and ethnographic representation, care is examined as the work of discerning and representing traces. The introduction and subsequent essays grapple with the work of writing about absent others, and how the anthropological endeavor might itself be considered a form of care.
Looking Away
Authors: Stevenson Lisa
Published: February 2020

This essay turns to Roland Barthes’s concept of the punctum and John Berger’s writing on portraiture to describe the care involved in both anthropological encounters and ethnographic writing. It addresses how images—whether, photographic, painted, or written—may come to be seen as “just.” The essay considers the possibility that it might be necessary to look away from our interlocutors, or the images we have of them, in order to be able to sense, and then communicate to others, their singularity. The traces they leave behind in our memories can allow us to register an aliveness that exceeds our existing labels, categories, and styles of thinking.
Circularity and Enclosures: Metabolizing Waste with the Black Soldier Fly
Authors: Zhang Amy
Published: February 2020

This essay traces a scientific pilot project to transform the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) into a biotechnology to treat urban organic waste in accordance with the dominant cultural logics of an ecologically modern approach to waste management in contemporary China. A principle of urban waste management, circularity, and a spatial logic of urban living, enclosures, condition the scientific intervention that promises to harness animal metabolic labor as a biotechnology and a waste infrastructure that can be adapted to the urban ecologies of Guangzhou. While scientists emphasize the natural proclivities of insect metabolism to transform waste into value, my ethnographic research illustrates that the practice of aligning animal metabolism with urban metabolism is anything but natural or automatic. Together, circularity and enclosure, as guiding logics of waste management in Chinese ecological modernization, uphold a fiction of biocapital; they create the illusion that nature generates value and remediates environments without human intervention while mystifying and naturalizing the appropriation of nature and labor in the new green city.

摘要

本文研究中国科学家利用黑水虻分解餐厨垃圾生物技术的实验项目。昆 虫学家们希望，能让这一项目符合中国生态现代化垃圾处理理念，同时可以在现代化封闭式的居住社区中使用。昆虫学家强调，运用昆虫的代谢系 统来处理餐厨垃圾，既符合广州城市垃圾设施生态循环化的理念，也可利 用昆虫的天然生命周期將废物转变成资本。但人类学研究显示，昆虫的代 谢系統不可能与都巿垃圾循环規律自动匹配。在这个项目中，两个概念-循 环和封闭，仅仅是由生命资本打造生命经济的美好愿望。沒有人的介入， 只根据昆虫自然的生命周期的循环就能产生价值，这种理论混淆了生物能 与劳动力在发展新型綠色城市中的作用.
On Cynicism: Activist and Artistic Responses to Corruption in Ghana
Authors: Daswani Girish
Published: February 2020

By considering how Ghanaian activists and artists engage with different forms of cynicism in their attempts to fight corruption, this article reflects on two kinds of activist orientations: one located in future-oriented projects of political change, and another embracing contradiction by poking fun at the duplicity of politics. I argue that while the cynicism of other middle-class Ghanaians served as an important catalyst for activist action, it is important to look at cynicism and its politics from the perspective of Ghanaians who become disappointed and skeptical about change and artists who are concerned with embracing contradictions and making fun of the present through satire. By attending to the social actions and experiences that characterize these two groups, I ask what it means to take cynicism, and activism against and despite cynicism, as one’s ethnographic object.

Abstract

Dis paper na about de two different way aluta and jolly-jolly people for Ghana dey show say dem “disappoint and lose hope” when dem dey fight magomago: one way na to struggle and believe say tomorrow go betta, and de oder way na to join yabis, abuse and comedy to fight wayo politics. My own argument here be say, even when e be true say many ordinary people for Ghana join aluta because dem don disappoint and lose hope for how magomago don spoil tings, e make big sense also to put eye for how aluta people for Ghana wey disappoint for sake of magomago come lose hope so tey dem no believe tings fit change for betta again and dose jolly-jolly people wey join yabis togeda with abuse now to fight magomago. When I put eye for dis two different way people dey behave when dem dey fight magomago, my plan na to show wetin dey happen when person wey don lose hope and disappoint come join aluta struggle with am to show how people dey behave.
Thermal Performance Improvement of the Heat Pipe by Employing Dolomite/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluid
Authors: Aydin Duygu Yilmaz , Gürü Metin , Sözen Adnan , Çiftçi Erdem
Published: February 2020

In heat transfer applications, heat pipes are widely- preferred because of some characteristics such as low cost, being able to be produced in any size and low maintenance cost make them superior. Moreover, the working fluid to be employed substantially affects the heat transfer characteristics of a heat pipe. In this paper, effects of nanoparticle addition into the ethylene glycol on heat pipe’s thermal performance were analysed experimentally. Every test was done using two variant working fluids, ethylene glycol and dolomite nanoparticles-doped ethylene glycol, respectively. Dolomite nanoparticles (2% by weight) and Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (0.5% by weight) were doped into the ethylene glycol while preparing the dolomite/ethylene glycol nanofluid. After filling in the heat pipe, experiments were realized under changing working conditions. Using experimental data, efficiency and thermal resistance of the heat pipe were examined. Viscosity of the each working fluid was determined. The contact angle –wettability measurements were also performed to specify the effects of surface active agent addition. The obtained findings revealed that nanoparticle inclusion inside the base fluid, i.e. ethylene glycol, improved the thermal performance (efficiency) and decreased the heat pipe’s thermal resistance substantially. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Assessing the Current Status of Renewable Energies and Their Limitations in Iran
Authors: Pahlavan Somayeh , Jahangiri Mehdi , Alidadi Shamsabadi Akbar , Baharizadeh Alireza
Published: February 2020

Innovative and more sustainable methods of supplying energy needs in the world have led to a change in the dependency model for fossil fuels, including more integrated planning and adoption of new and motivating models regarding the use of renewable energy. Today, with the reduction of fossil fuel consumption in the world, the use of renewable energy has gained an important role in the global energy mix, but according to studies, the share of renewable energy in Iran’s energy mix is very small. Therefore, the present paper attempts to present all potentialities for obtaining clean energy in Iran by assessing the current state of renewable energies. The fact that, in the present time, the real value of energy carriers is not appreciated properly in Iran, on the one hand, and the lack of willingness to invest in these energies in the private sector, which may have been less protected, on the other hand, has caused the consumption level of fossil fuels to remain unchanged, which may have some disadvantages, such as environmental damage, in addition to their utilization. The authors of the paper are of the opinion that, on the one hand, by finding solutions for bank investment problems, easing restrictive laws, providing bank with guarantees by investors, as well as modifying parts of the guaranteed electricity purchase contract for accepting foreign banks to provide loans and obtain financing, and on the other hand, by facilitating the process of obtaining land permits and connecting to these power plants, Iran is not far from reaching a reasonable rank in the world.©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Variational approximation of functionals defined on 1-dimensional connected sets in ℝ
n
Authors: Bonafini Mauro , Orlandi Giandomenico , Oudet Édouard
Published: February 2020

In this paper we consider the Euclidean Steiner tree problem and, more generally, (single sink) Gilbert–Steiner problems as prototypical examples of variational problems involving 1-dimensional connected sets in

ℝ
n

{\mathbb{R}^{n}}

. Following the analysis for the planar case presented in [M. Bonafini, G. Orlandi and E. Oudet, Variational approximation of functionals defined on 1-dimensional connected sets: The planar case, SIAM J. Math. Anal. 50 2018, 6, 6307–6332], we provide a variational approximation through Ginzburg–Landau type energies proving a Γ-convergence result for

n
≥
3

{n\geq 3}

.
Some topics in differential geometry of normed spaces
Authors: Balestro Vitor , Martini Horst , Teixeira Ralph
Published: February 2020

For a surface immersed in a three-dimensional space endowed with a smooth norm instead of an inner product, one can define analogous concepts of curvature and metric. With such concepts in mind, various questions immediately appear. The aim of this paper is to propose and answer some of those questions. In this framework we prove several characterizations of minimal surfaces in normed spaces, and respective analogues of some global theorems (e.g., Hadamard-type theorems) are also derived. A result on the curvature of surfaces having constant Minkowskian width is given, and finally we study the ambient metric induced on the surface, proving an extension of the classical Bonnet theorem.
The pathway through LC-MS method development: in-house or ready-to-use kit-based methods?
Authors: Le Goff Caroline , Farre-Segura Jordi , Stojkovic Violeta , Dufour Patrice , Peeters Stéphanie , Courtois Justine , Nizet Adrien , De Vos Nathalie , Cavalier Etienne
Published: February 2020

Historically, the determination of low concentration analytes was initially made possible by the development of rapid and easy-to-perform immunoassays (IAs). Unfortunately, typical problems inherent to IA technologies rapidly appeared (e.g. elevated cost, cross-reactivity, lot-to-lot variability, etc.). In turn, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) methods are sensitive and specific enough for such analyses. Therefore, they would seem to be the most promising candidates to replace IAs. There are two main choices when implementing a new LC-MS/MS method in a clinical laboratory: (1) Developing an in-house method or (2) purchasing ready-to-use kits. In this paper, we discuss some of the respective advantages, disadvantages and mandatory requirements of each choice. Additionally, we also share our experiences when developing an in-house method for cortisol determination and the implementation of an “ready-to-use” (RTU) kit for steroids analysis.
Significant Influence of Welding Heat Input on the Microstructural Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of the Simulated CGHAZ in High Nitrogen V-Alloyed Steel
Authors: Zhang Jing , Xin Wenbin , Luo Guoping , Wang Ruifen , Meng Qingyong
Published: February 2020

The microstructural characteristics and mechanical properties of the simulated coarse grained heat affected zone (CGHAZ) in high N V-alloyed steel have been conducted under different welding heat input, characterized by the cooling time taken from 800°C to 500°C (t8/5). The experimental results show that the microstructure is dominantly composed of lath bainite (LB) and granular bainite (GB) at t8/5 30 s– 90 s. The content of LB decreases with t8/5 increasing, and that of GB increases. When t8/5 further increases to 120 s and 180 s, the microstructure mainly consists of intragranular polygonal ferrite (IPF) and acicular ferrite (IAF). The higher t8/5 leads to the increased content of intragranular ferrite (IGF). Meanwhile, the prior austenite grain size (PAGS) progressively increases from 56 ± 6.0 μm to 148 ± 9.9 μm as t8/5 increases from 30 s to 180 s. Besides, EBSD analysis indicates that the fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) is 0.570, 0.427 and 0.624, respectively, corresponding to t8/5 30, 90 and 180 s. Moreover, the impact toughness decreases as t8/5 increases from 30 s to 90 s caused by the increased PAGS and GB content, and then sharply increases with t8/5 exceeding 90 s due to the increased formation of IGF, especially IAF. Furthermore, the high nitrogen content accelerates V(C,N) precipitation, which not only inhibits the coarsening of prior austenite grains, but promotes the formation of IGF, resulting in the increased number of HAGBs and raising impact toughness.
Wireless Power Transfer Topologies used for Static and Dynamic Charging of EV Battery: A Review
Authors: Subudhi Partha Sarathi , S Krithiga
Published: February 2020

Electric vehicles (EV) are found to be a good alternative for the conventional internal combustion (IC) engine vehicles in transportation sector due to its various advantages. Now-a-days, wireless charging of EV battery is preferred among the various methods used for charging EV battery. In this paper, extensive review is carried out on various methods used for wireless charging of an EV battery. Different techniques used for transferring power in wireless mode to charge the EV battery are static EV charging technique and dynamic EV charging technique. Static wireless EV battery charging technique adopts inductive and capacitive method for transferring power whereas, dynamic wireless EV battery charging technique adopts only inductive method for transferring power. These techniques are discussed thoroughly in this paper and broad review is carried out with a focus on the compensation circuit topologies, types of core for magnetic coupled inductors, different converters and controllers used for wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Also, design aspects of an static wireless EV battery charging system along with its equivalent circuit analysis is presented in this paper. Challenges and future development in wireless charging of EV battery is also explained in this paper.
Genetic variants of the phenylalanine hydroxylase gene in patients with phenylketonuria in the northeast of Iran
Authors: Jafarzadeh-Esfehani Reza , Vojdani Samaneh , Hashemian Somayyeh , Mirinezhad Mohammadreza , Pourafshar Mohammad , Forouzanfar Narjes , Zargari Selma , Jaripour Mohammad Ehsan , Sadr-Nabavi Ariane
Published: February 2020

Background

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a common metabolic disorder with great burden if left untreated or undiagnosed. Genetic variations in the phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH) gene may be widely varied across different regions of a country. By knowing the most common mutations, diagnostic work-ups will be offered sooner and with lower costs for patients. The present study defines the most common genetic variations in the PAH gene in Khorasan province of Iran.

Methods

The present cross-sectional study took place in Khorasan province of Iran within a 6-year period starting from 2012 to 2018. Every patient who had been referred as suspicious PKU cases or referred for prenatal diagnosis was included in the present study.

Results

A total number of 122 individuals with a mean age of 26.22 years were enrolled in the present study. The most frequent genetic variations in the PAH gene were c.1066-11G > A and c.143 T > C. Exon 7 carried the most genetic variations compared to any single exon. Also, three patients had compound heterozygous status for c.727 C > T/c.1066-11 G > A in exon 7 and 11 of the PAH gene.

Conclusions

Mutations in the PAH gene are widely varied among different populations, and our results confirmed this fact. Determination of the most prevalent mutations and polymorphisms in each region will reduce the time and cost of diagnosing such preventable diseases and will therefore reduce the disease burden.
The decision-making levels of urine tetrasaccharide for the diagnosis of Pompe disease in the Turkish population
Authors: Canbay Erhan , Vural Melisa , Kalkan Uçar Sema , Sezer Ebru Demirel , Karasoy Hatice , Yüceyar Ayşe Nur , Çoker Mahmut , Sözmen Eser Yildirim
Published: February 2020

Background

Recently, urinary excretion of the tetrasaccharide 6-α-D-glucopyranosyl-maltotriose (Glc4) has been proposed as a marker for the diagnosis and monitoring of Pompe disease (PD). We aimed to determine the reference intervals and reliable decision-making levels of urine tetrasaccharide concentrations for the diagnosis of infantile- and late-onset Pompe patients in the Turkish population.

Methods

In this study, nine patients with PD (five of them with late-onset PD [LOPD]) and 226 healthy individuals (aged 0–64 years) were included. Urine Glc4 concentrations were determined using the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) method.

Results

Our data showed that the urine tetrasaccharide levels decreased with age in healthy individuals (p < 0.001, r = −0.256). It was higher especially during the first year of life compared to that in the elder subjects. The tetrasaccharide level of Pompe patients was higher compared to that of healthy controls of the same age: 99 ± 68 mmol/mol creatinine for infantile onset vs. 4.0 ± 3.0 mmol/mol creatinine for healthy controls of the same age group and 12.1 ± 17.4 mmol/mol creatinine for late onset vs. 1.7±1.2 mmol/mol creatinine for healthy controls of the same age group.

Conclusions

The results of this study showed that the reference intervals of tetrasaccharide in urine changed over time; therefore, it is critically important to define age-based decision levels for the diagnosis of LOPD.
Hyperthyrotropinemia is common in preterm infants who are born small for gestational age
Authors: Grob Francisca , Gutiérrez Monserrat , Leguizamón Liliana , Fabres Jorge
Published: February 2020

Background

To determine the incidence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) with a delayed increase in thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels in preterm infants and to describe the associated factors.

Methods

A prospective newborn screening (NBS) was conducted in 122 very low birth weight (VLBW) premature neonates born between June 2016 and September 2017. A dried blood spot thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level ≥15 mIU/L at 7 and 15 days of life, ≥10 in serum at the second screen or ≥5 at the third screen was defined as positive for CH. A concomitant increase in the TSH level and normal free thyroxine (T4) level was classified as hyperthyrotropinemia (HT).

Results

Before the first month of life, no cases of CH were identified. However, the second and third NBS identified 10 and six subjects with HT, respectively, but no cases of CH. The overall cumulative incidence of HT was 1:8. Small for gestational age (SGA) was a variable that was significantly associated with HT, even after the exclusion of patients with Down syndrome.

Conclusions

A high incidence of HT, but not CH, was found after the first month of life in preterm infants. Being SGA was strongly associated with having higher TSH. The need for repeating TSH screening after the first month of life in this population remains to be established.
Short-term neurological improvement in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy predicts neurodevelopmental outcome at 18–24 months
Authors: Grass Beate , Scheidegger Simone , Latal Beatrice , Hagmann Cornelia , Held Ulrike , Brotschi Barbara , _ _
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate the association of short-term neurological improvement until day of life 4 in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) receiving therapeutic hypothermia (TH) with neurodevelopmental outcome at 18–24 months.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of 174 neonates with HIE registered in the Swiss National Asphyxia and Cooling Register between 2011 and 2013. TH was initiated according to national guidelines, and Sarnat staging was performed daily. Short-term neurological improvement was defined if Sarnat stage improved from admission until day 4 of life. Standardized neurodevelopmental assessments were performed at 18–24 months. Unfavorable outcome was defined as death before 2 years of age or severe or moderate disability at follow-up.

Results

One hundred and sixty-four of 174 neonates (94%) received TH, of those 30 (18%) died in the neonatal period (no late mortality). Eighty-one percent of the survivors (109/134) were seen at 18–24 months. Of the 164 cooled neonates, 62% had a short-term neurological improvement, and the Sarnat score remained unchanged in 33%. Short-term neurological improvement was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 0.118 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.051–0.271] for an unfavorable outcome at 18–24 months.

Conclusion

Short-term neurological improvement predicts neurodevelopmental outcome at 18–24 months in the era of TH. Clinical examination must be part of a comprehensive evaluation for prognostication in HIE.
Crystal structure of 2-(5-chloro-quinolin-8-yloxy)-N-quinolin-8-yl-acetamide, C20H14N3O2Cl
Authors: Li Xiao-Hong , Wu Wei-Na
Published: February 2020

C20H14N3O2Cl, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 15.954(8) Å, b = 8.246(4) Å, c = 14.383(7) Å, β = 116.313(8)°, V = 1696.1(15) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0331, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0909, T = 296 K.
The crystal structure of 4-(trifluoromethyl)nicotinic acid, C7H4F3NO2
Authors: Liu Gui-Jie , Zhu Meng-En , Hou Jin-Rui , Cai Bin
Published: February 2020

C7H4F3NO2, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 6.4488(11) Å, b = 14.922(2) Å, c = 7.7868(12) Å, β = 100.941(5)°, V = 735.7(2) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0431, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1158, T = 150(2) K.