bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Polymorphism of TLR genes and the course of COVID-19 bilateral pneumonia
Authors: Evdokimov Alexander V. , Suslova Tatyana A. , Belyaeva Svetlana V. , Burmistrova Alexandra L. , Stashkevich Darya S.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a disease which course depends on a number of factors, including genetic ones, among which the genes of the innate immune system receptors TLR (toll-like receptors), which play a central role in the development of innate immunity reactions, are of particular interest. The SARS-CoV-2 virus structure includes, in addition to the nucleocapsid, a protein-lipid membrane envelope, which determines the recognition of virus components by different TLRs, including TLR2 subfamily receptors (TLR1, 6, 10), which genetic polymorphisms occur with different frequencies in different human populations and affect not only the functional activity of the innate immunity but also determine the quality of the adaptive immune response.
AIM: The study aimed to determine the association of polymorphisms of toll-like receptor genes TLR1, TLR6 and TLR10 with the severity of coronavirus infection (COVID-19) in the Russian population of the Chelyabinsk region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 86 patients from COVID-departments of hospitals in Chelyabinsk with a diagnosis of bilateral pneumonia with a degree of severity: moderate (M-BLP, n = 36) or severe (S-BLP, n = 50). The control group consisted of 100 healthy individuals from the register of the Chelyabinsk regional hemotransfusion station (Control). All the individuals studied belonged to the Russian ethnic group. Polymorphisms 1805TG of TLR1 gene, 745CT of TLR6 gene and 721AC of TLR10 gene were determined using polymerase chain reaction with restriction fragment length polymorphism. The analysis of the association between genotypes and the status of individuals was carried out using the correspondence analysis and the Monte Carlo method.
RESULTS: It was revealed that the differences between the studied groups are completely determined by TLR1 genotypes. The GG genotype with statistical significance is more often detected in the Control group compared to M-BLP and S-BLP (p 0.001, OR = 12.94) and can be assessed as protective in relation to the development of bilateral pneumonia in COVID-19. The TT genotype can be considered as predisposing to the development of a severe form of bilateral pneumonia in COVID-19 (p = 0.022): the TT genotype is significantly less common (OR = 0.20) in the M-BLP group compared to S-BLP.
CONCLUSIONS: It can be assumed that the genetic variant 1805*G of the TLR1 gene, which provides a moderate pro-inflammatory response and predominates in European populations, gives an advantage to its owners, preventing the development of complicated conditions in COVID-19 infection.
Las garantías de pensiones mínimas en sistemas de contribución definida en América Latina: un nuevo pasivo contingente
Authors: Pessino Carola , Cont Walter
Published: April 2022

Frente a beneficios previsionales de los regímenes de capitalización en niveles mucho más bajos que los previstos, los gobiernos de la región de América Latina han logrado garantizar pensiones mínimas a sus beneficiarios; sin embargo, carecen de estimaciones robustas de los pasivos fiscales contingentes asociados a las garantías. Sobre la base de un modelo de microsimulación, en este documento se llevan a cabo proyecciones hasta el año 2100 para Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, El Salvador, México, Perú y República Dominicana. Del análisis realizado, se desprende que asumiendo que no se producen cambios de política estos gobiernos deberían destinar, en promedio, alrededor de 1,2% del PIB para financiar los sistemas de capitalización a partir de 2050, y alrededor de 2,7% del PIB hacia el año 2100. Se destacan los casos de El Salvador, Colombia y Bolivia, cuyos gastos resultarían entre 70% y 120% superiores a la media. A su vez, el porcentaje de pensionados que cobrará la pensión mínima garantizada por parte del Estado se sitúa en la mayor parte de los países entre 75% y 98%. Para concluir, se postulan lineamientos de política que contribuirían a hacer frente a estos desafíos sobre la base de diversos ejercicios de sensibilidad que permiten evaluar los resultados de aplicar reformas paramétricas tendientes a mejorar la sostenibilidad de los regímenes.
Amniotic membrane for covering high myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment following failed primary surgery
Authors:   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Qiao Gang , Tang Zi-Yan ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Zou Qiang-Xing ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, He Chun-Mei ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Lei Xian-Ming ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Zhao Long ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Quan Yu ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Yang Hua-Qing ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Cao Kui ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China, Dong Wan-Jiang ,   Wanjiang Eye Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, Sichuan Province, China
Published: April 2022

AIM: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of amniotic membrane (AM) for covering high myopic macular hole associated with retinal detachment following failed primary surgery.
METHODS: Seventeen eyes of 17 patients whose axial length was more than 29 mm suffered from macular hole (MH) or MH associated with retinal detachment (RD), and had previously surgery of pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling and silicone oil (SO) tamponade. Half a year after the surgery, optical coherence tomography (OCT) showed that MH did not heal in all 17 eyes and RD was still maintained in 13 eyes of these 17 eyes. We performed SO removal combined with AM covering on macular area and C3F8 tamponade, and phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens implantation simultaneously cataract eyes. We followed up these patients for one year.
RESULTS: In all 17 eyes, SO was removed successfully, MHs were healed and RDs were reattached. One eye (5.89%, 1/17) had AM shifted half a month after surgery and underwent a second surgery to adjust the position of the AM and supplement C3F8. After surgery, the visual acuity (VA) improved in 15 eyes (88.24%, 15/17), no change in two eyes (11.76%, 2/17). No serious complications occurred in all eyes.
CONCLUSION: AM covering is helpful to rescue the previous failure surgery of high myopic MH.
Assessment of vulnerability to water shortage in the municipalities of Mexico City
Authors: Huerta-Vergara Alma R. , Arciniega-Esparza Saúl , Pedrozo-Acuña Adrián , Matus-Kramer Arnoldo , Vega-López Eduardo
Published: April 2022

Water issues in Mexico City have been severe during the last years due to population increase, forcing external water sources to meet water demands. This research aims to evaluate the evolution of water vulnerability in the sixteen municipalities of Mexico City in the years 2005, 2010, and 2015. This vulnerability has increased in the last decades due to the combination of several problems such as lack of maintenance in the water infrastructure (eg. water leaks), aquifer overexploitation, uncontrolled city growth, rainwater and wastewater expelled from the basin without the intention of using it. For the vulnerability assessment we used a combination of indicators that respond to its three dimensions: 1). Exposure (urbanization, population, and economic units), 2). Sensitivity (reports of leaks, shortages, and poor water quality) and 3). Adaptive capacity (wastewater treatment, water availability, and GDP). The municipalities identified with very high vulnerability in the three years of study (2005, 2010, and 2015) were Iztapalapa, Gustavo A. Madero, and Tlalpan joined these during 2015. In contrast, those with the lowest vulnerability were Milpa Alta, Magdalena Contreras, and Cuajimalpa; the latter stepped down from having Low to Very Low vulnerability between 2005 and 2010-2015. Between these two classifications, we have the Municipalities that reveal high, moderate, and low vulnerability. The results highlight that all municipalities must prevent water leaks to achieve increasingly sustainable management of the liquid, especially Gustavo A. Madero, Iztapalapa, and Tlalpan. Suggesting that harmonized action among all of them will help accelerate goal achievement. Still, citizen action will play a leading role in maintaining care and water usage levels when promoted and encouraged adequately. At the end of the lecture, the reader would be able to discuss if a series of social elements (like the indicators proposed in this work) construct water vulnerability or depend on the quantity of water the cities receive. Also, they will understand their role in water management and have factors to evaluate vulnerability in other regions.
Performance of Plastic Powder on Calcareous Soil Stabilization
Authors: Awn Safa Hussain Abid , Abbas Hassan Obaid
Published: April 2022

Calcareous soils are widely distributed in many regions of the world, including the Arabian Peninsula, especially the central and northern regions, as well as in Saudi Arabia, Iraq, Syria and Iran. The properties of those soils are of a collapsing nature, especially when moistened, because they contain calcareous salts, which are hydrated calcium carbonate. This study sheds light on the possibility of improving the properties of these soils by adding plastic powder from used or stock tires by different mixing ratios (2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) and tested them in the laboratory using a laboratory model manufactured specifically for the requirements of this study. 50 loading tests were carried out on 5 natural calcareous soils with different Calcium Carbonate content and square base with 15 cm width. The study showed a significant improvement in the maximum bearing capacity of the soil by adding (4%) of this additive, as the ultimate bearing capacity increased more than 4 times compared to the untreated one. Recycling spent rubber contributes to preserving the environment by getting rid of these unwanted materials, and at the same time improving the properties of those soils after mixing them with certain weight ratios and thus contributing to protecting the environment.
Modernization of Palmyra Wicker Crafts as a By Product of Creative Social Enterprise’s Innovation Capability
Authors: Gumulya Devanny , Purba John Tampil , Hariandja Evo Sampetua , Pramono Rudy
Published: April 2022

Creative social enterprises have several distinct characteristics that support the United Nations' sustainable development goals. In doing so, creative social enterprises embed innovation capability in their businesses, and it happens to be a dynamic force for their economic sustainability while also promoting cultural sustainability. The research studies how the innovation capability of creative social enterprises developed in collaboration with the community of artisans. The study elaborates how creative social enterprise revives the century old handicraft tradition through innovation capability (IC) theoretical lens. Innovation capability has generated extensive interest both academically and practically. However previous works have mostly been performed at conventional organizations with few discussed at creative social enterprise and community level, especially in artisans’ community who are struggling to preserve their handicraft traditions. The research focusing on a unique case, creative social enterprise who works with 14 villages in east Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. The research used qualitative exploratory study design with single case study. In-depth interviews, a literature review, and documentation were used to collect data for the study. The study result is framework innovation capability in which co-creation as the main engine of IC development of CSE and community of artisans. CSE develops their innovation capability by nurturing multidiscipline team development, listen to market demand, constantly do research and development. Community of artisan’s innovation capability can be developed by considering factors like local culture, local material, local champion, village governance and artisans’ willingness to learn. This research contributes in two ways: first, it provides a comprehensive understanding of how to collaboratively develop innovation capability; and second, it successfully identifies the determinants of innovation capability in both creative social enterprise and artisan communities.
Forecasting the Water Level of the Euphrates River in Western Iraq Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)
Authors: Alboresha Rafid , Mohammed Abdulrahman S. , Hatem Uday
Published: April 2022

Forecasting water levels of rivers downstream major dams are essential for agricultural and industrial purposes as well as for efficient water management. Haditha Dam is one of the major projects on the Euphrates River in Iraq that is used for flood control and water management. The area downstream of the dam contains many strategic agricultural and industrial projects that are highly affected by the variation in the river water level. In this study, a neural network model (ANN) was created to forecast the levels of the Euphrates downstream of Haditha Dam. The model was trained in MATLAB with four inputs representing water levels at present and previous times. The data was utilized for training a daily model for 496 days and a monthly model for 241 months. The results indicated that ANN can estimate water level (t+1) with a high degree of accuracy. Furthermore, the results provide that the ANN is an effective technique to predict daily and monthly water levels and that the empirical equation can be used to compute daily and monthly levels with a regression coefficient greater than 92 percent for (training, validation, testing, and all data) for the daily model and greater than 84 percent for the monthly model. The ANN model could be simplified into a practical and straightforward formula from which the water level for the two models could be calculated.
Convict criminology in Russian discourse
Authors: Shchukina N. P.
Published: April 2022

The article problematizes the status of domestic criminology of convicts in research and practical contexts, reflects the peculiarities of development of this discipline in its founding countries. It is said that Russia has a diverse experience of participation of former convicts in the study and reform of the institution of prison. It is suggested that the generalization of the practices of participation of convicts and former convicts in the study and reform of correctional institutions in Russia will contribute to the institutionalization of criminology of convicts in the Russian discourse. When determining research methods for the purposes of criminology of convicts, emphasis is placed on qualitative research. The possibilities of an autoethnographic approach in the study of correctional institutions are considered, with the inclusion of convicts and former convicts themselves as actors in this process. The possibility and necessity of discussing the regulatory grounds for the participation of convicts and former convicts in educational and research activities is problematized.
Judicial precedent as a formal source of law: theoretical issues
Authors: Spirin M. Yu.
Published: April 2022

The article provides a dogmatic analysis of the category judicial precedent as one of the types of formal source of law. The meaning and main types of legal precedent are determined. The construction of the judicial precedent is considered through the prism of its development in English law (common law and law of equity), the substantive features of the stare decisis principle are analyzed as a fundamental basis for the mandatory application of the judicial precedent in practice. An universal definition of a judicial precedent based on the analysis of its essential features is proposed. The author examines the categories ratio decidendi and obiter dictum within the framework of the judicial precedent and analyzes the features of their identification. The article provides a logical relationship between a court decision, judicial practice and judicial precedent, considers the main types of judicial precedent (binding, persuasive, rejected), their substantive features and regulatory significance. A comparison between precedent de jure2 and precedent de facto is made, the value of the interpretation precedent in relation to the construction of the legal position of the highest court is established. The conclusion about the formation of the Russian doctrine of judicial precedent is made both at the level of the general theory of law and in the branches of Russian law.
Organizational bases of the preparatory stage of the inspection of the scene of a traffic accident
Authors: Gontarev А. А.
Published: April 2022

This article analyses the activities of the internal affairs bodies in the field of solving and investigating crimes, related to the violation of traffic rules and the operation of vehicles, focuses on the specifics of preparation for the investigative action inspection of the scene of a traffic accident, as one of the main investigative actions, as well as the importance of the actions of the investigator, related to the detection and fixation of the material and road situation at the scene of a traffic accident. The article emphasizes: a methodology for documenting crimes committed in the field of traffic safety and operation of transport, characterized by the fact that qualified persons are important from the moment such facts are reported, timely and competent actions of the investigator related to the detection and recording of the physical and road situation at the scene of a traffic accident, and the seizure of physical objects and traces due to the fact that they are subject to change within a short period of time. The inspection of the scene of a traffic accident is presented in the form of an investigative action, the essence of which is the direct perception by the person producing it of the material situation displayed on the road and the elements adjacent to it (objects) as a result of a traffic accident, in order to detect, fix and remove material traces and circumstances that make it possible to subsequently recreate the mechanism of the event, as well as other circumstances of the incident that need to be established in order to solve the tasks of criminal procedure.
Disputed issues of interpretation of some qualified types of incitement to suicide
Authors: Artamonova M. A.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with qualified types of incitement to suicide, provided for in paragraph a of Part 2 of Article 110 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The author of the article acknowledges that the interpretation of relevant signs of the composition of incitement to suicide in the scientific literature and practice is not indisputable, and offers scientifically sound recommendations for their definition in order to apply them uniformly in the qualification of crimes. With regard to the qualified composition of incitement to suicide committed against a person who is obviously helpless for the perpetrator, it is recommended to interpret the sign helpless state in a narrower semantic meaning than is provided for the purposes of the compositions of murder (Part 2 of Article 105) and rape (Part 1 of Article 131) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article substantiates the conclusion that the helpless state of the victim in the sense of Article 110 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation cannot be attributed, for example, unconsciousness; young age; a state of mental disorder of a person that deprives him of the ability to correctly perceive what is happening.
Features of pre-trial settlement of labor disputes of professional athletes in the norms of all-russian sports federations and professional sports leagues
Authors: Safin A. Kh.
Published: April 2022

The article discusses the features of pre-trial settlement of labor disputes in professional sports. The historical aspect of formation of legislation in terms of dispute settlement in professional sports is revealed, the main signs of pre-trial settlement of labor disputes in professional sports are given, in particular, signs of autonomy and confidentiality. The approaches of All-Russian Sports Federations and professional sports leagues to the resolution of labor disputes of professional athletes both in the first and in the appellate instances are specified. The article also examines the problems of legal regulation of the status of bodies of all-Russian sports federations and professional sports leagues that resolve labor disputes of professional athletes. Necessary amendments to the current labor legislation of the Russian Federation are proposed for the purpose of properly consolidating the status of the above-described bodies. Possible risks are considered in the event of no changes in the labor legislation.
Violence in crimes against the order of government
Authors: Drozdov D. E.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the problems of criminal law counteraction to violent crimes against the order of management. Attention is focused on the high social danger of these crimes, due to the peculiarities of the object of criminal encroachment, while the danger of crimes differs taking into account various forms of violence. A subspecies of crimes against the order of management related to the use of violence against subjects of managerial activity, responsibility for which is provided for in Articles 317, 318, Part 2 of Article 320, Part 2, 3 of Article 321 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation. The forms of violence and their features are defined. It is proposed to recognize that in the dispositions of the articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, a plurality of concepts is used to define violence in crimes against the order of governance: encroachment; violence not dangerous to life and health; violence dangerous to life and health; threat of violence; grave consequences. Taking into account the practice of the Supreme Court of Russian Federation, the content of each of the forms of violence is determined. Some controversial issues of the qualification of crimes are considered.
Social and legal grounds for the recognition of lawful harm caused under circumstances excluding the criminality of the act
Authors: Mikhailov V. I.
Published: April 2022

For 25 years of operation of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, the doctrine has not formed an understanding shared by most researchers of such a basic category of the institution of circumstances excluding the criminality of an act as the basis for recognizing harm as permissible in the relevant circumstances, and it has not been determined which of the properties of the crime specified in Article 14 of this Code is absent in the acts that caused harm in circumstances excluding the criminality of the act. In this regard, the purpose of the study is to determine the social grounds for causing harm in which society considers permissible, as well as the legal basis the absence of a crime property in the act that caused harm in a legally established situation. The article proves that the general social basis for the permissibility of causing harm in the reflection of a socially dangerous encroachment, the elimination of other threats is the necessity, the extreme use of a harmful method, the impossibility of resolving social conflicts and contradictions without causing harm. It is emphasized that causing harm when repelling an encroachment in situations of necessary defense, eliminating danger in extreme necessity, etc. it cannot be evaluated as socially useful. It is proved that for each of the circumstances specified in the norms of Chapter 8 of the Criminal Code of Russian Federation, there is a social basis (reason), by virtue of which society allows harm to be inflicted. For example, the social basis of the permissibility of causing harm in defense (defense) is rooted in the natural right of a person to defend himself and the objective impossibility of the state to fully ensure the safety of any person; the social permissibility of causing harm when detaining a person who has committed a crime is determined by the need to implement the principle of the inevitability of responsibility for the crime committed. From the legal point of view, the author of the article concludes that the norms on the circumstances excluding the criminality of the act contain exceptions to the general prohibitions established in the norms of the Special Part of the criminal law. The legislator did not endow with the property of illegality a consciously committed act that causes harm under any of the circumstances excluding the criminality of the act, even when it is socially dangerous.
International scientific and practical conference «25th anniversary of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation: current issues of codification and law enforcement»
Authors: Bezverkhov A. G. , Yudin A. V. , Klimanova O. V.
Published: April 2022

8 октября 2021 года состоялась организованная Самарским университетом и Союзом криминалистов и криминологов Международная научно-практическая конференция 25-летие Уголовного кодекса Российской Федерации: актуальные проблемы кодификации и правоприменения. Этот уголовный закон был принят на рубеже веков, в условиях коренных трансформаций экономических, политических и социальных отношений Соответственно, несет на себе печать этого весьма сложного и противоречивого времени, отразившего кардинальные сдвиги и преобразования в различных сферах российского общества. В течение четверти века Уголовный кодекс Российской Федерации демонстрирует кардинальную изменчивость российского уголовного законодательства, даже снискал упреки в его бессистемности, нестабильности, рассогласованности. В то же время настоящий Кодекс последовательно обеспечивает дифференцированные подходы к противодействию преступности: усиления репрессии в отношении лиц, совершивших тяжкие и особо тяжкие преступления, и ослабления репрессии, вплоть до полного неприменения, в отношении лиц, впервые совершивших преступления небольшой и средней тяжести. Конференция была проведена в Юридическом институте Самарского университета с учетом санитарно-эпидемиологической обстановки в очно-заочном формате. Инициатором и модератором конференции выступила заведующий кафедрой уголовного права и криминологии Самарского университета, доктор юридических наук, профессор Кленова Татьяна Владимировна.
THE CORE CONNECTORS INITIATIVE: DEVELOPMENT OF A YOUTH MENTAL HEALTH PROGRAM
Authors: Chou Fred , Pradhan Kesha , Huang Carmen
Published: April 2022

This paper provides an overview of the development and field-test evaluation of a group-based youth mental health promotion program known as the Core Connectors Initiative (CCI). CCI is a program that aims to help youth gain mental health knowledge and peer support competencies, and reinforce positive help-seeking behaviour. The purpose of the study was to evaluate and refine CCI by examining whether it attains its training objectives of mental health literacy, gatekeeper training, and fostering positive youth development, while exploring helpful and unhelpful participant experiences of the program. CCI was field-tested during the latter half of the 2017/2018 school year at 3 different locations: a private school, a community centre, and a public school. Using mixed methods, the evaluation yielded information on the strengths and areas of growth for future program development. The quantitative data were collected from a sample of 29 youth, while the qualitative data were collected from 9 youth using the Enhanced Critical Incident Technique. The converging data highlight the importance of connection, the value of critical mental health literacy, and the importance of clarifying expectations. The lessons learned from implementing this program can be applied to other youth mental health promotion programs.
EVERYDAY RESISTANCE IN MAKING ONESELF VISIBLE: YOUNG ADULTS’ NEGOTIATIONS WITH INSTITUTIONAL SOCIAL CONTROL IN YOUTH SERVICES
Authors: Kallio Jenni , Honkatukia Päivi
Published: April 2022

This article concerns young adults’ institutional encounters with professionals in the context of youth services. The encounters are analyzed as institutional social control — the practices and mechanisms that steer young people’s conduct in accordance with the normative order. We make visible young adults’ acts of everyday resistance as they negotiate, problematize, and challenge aspects of institutional social control. The data consist of 17 life-course interviews with young adults aged 18 to 24 who visited youth shelters organized by the Finnish Red Cross. Participants expressed criticism of the normative expectations and the categorizing and controlling practices that they encountered. However, there is a danger that in the institutional encounters, their acts of everyday resistance are not acknowledged as political agency; instead, stereotypical notions strengthen the interpretation of the young adults as problematic or in need of protection. This lack of recognition may contribute to increased vulnerability in the young people the institutions are intended to support.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY OF PRACTITIONERS’ USE OF YOGA WITH YOUTH WHO HAVE EXPERIENCED TRAUMA
Authors: Nance Madeline , Sease Megan , Crowe Brandi , Van Puymbroeck Marieke , Zinzow Heidi
Published: April 2022

It is not uncommon for youth (ages 2–19) to experience trauma. There are various types of traumatic events that may lead to adverse effects on youths’ emotional, cognitive, social, physical, and spiritual health. It is important that youth receive support and resources to address the negative impacts trauma may have on their minds and bodies. Yoga is a holistic practice that may address these negative effects in all 5 health domains. However, there are many inconsistencies and gaps in the literature regarding the use of yoga with youth who have experienced trauma. The purpose of this descriptive survey research study was to address these inconsistencies by describing the approaches of 56 practitioners who utilize yoga with youth who have experienced trauma, and their perceptions of how and why they use yoga with these youth. Findings highlighted the importance of implementing trauma-specific adaptations when facilitating yoga with youth who have experienced trauma, such as increasing participant autonomy, providing a safe environment, and developing a therapeutic rapport. Results also indicated that the most common use of yoga among these practitioners was to address emotional and physical needs of youth who have experienced trauma. Implications of study findings and opportunities for future research are discussed.
IN HISTORY’S SHADOW: CHILD WELFARE DISCOURSES REGARDING INDIGENOUS COMMUNITIES IN THE CANADIAN SOCIAL WORK JOURNAL
Authors: Schmid Jeanette , Morgenshtern Marina
Published: April 2022

This article reviews all items in the Canadian Social Work journal over its almost 90-year history that relate to child welfare practice in an Indigenous context. We review the journal contents as a way of understanding the profession’s voice, noting that a journal’s discursive practice reflects disciplinary discourse and that this journal positioned itself as a platform for social work debates. Our analysis contributes also to the truth-telling and accountability of social workers. While around 10% of the 1500 journal articles focused on child welfare practice, only 9 of these 152 articles addressed child welfare practice with Indigenous children and families. Our discourse analysis highlights that there was contemporaneous silence regarding social work complicity in the residential schools movement, the Sixties Scoop, and the current Millennium Scoop. In the 1980s, sustained critique around the role of social work in perpetuating colonization began to emerge. The journal, though, left child protection discourse unexamined and thus overlooked its role in maintaining dominant Canadian child welfare practice. We suggest that White supremacy and settler colonial discourses support the dominance of the child protection discourse, and that part of decolonizing child welfare practice relates to revealing and resisting these discourses and generating alternative decolonized discourses.
Atrakcyjność turystyczna polskich bibliotek
Authors: Miedzińska Magdalena , Tanaś Sławoj
Published: April 2022

Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na atrakcyjność turystyczną znaczących bibliotek w Polsce, które początkowo nie pełniły funkcji turystycznej pod wpływem eksploracji i penetracji turystycznej, taką funkcję pełnią, pozostając jednak w cieniu innych walorów kulturowych Polski. Praca obejmuje geografię historyczną polskich bibliotek, analizę walorów turystycznych oraz próbę klasyfikacji i inwentaryzacji krajoznawczej bibliotek w Polsce.
In vitro nematocidal activity of the Pleurotus djamor PdR-2 fraction against J2 of Meloidogyne enterolobii
Authors: Gómez-Rodríguez Olga , Pineda-Alegría Jesús Antonio , Castañeda-Ramírez Gloría Sarahi , González-Cortazar Manasés , Sánchez José E. , Aguilar-Marcelino Liliana
Published: April 2022

Recently, the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne enterolobii have generated important economic losses (65%) in worldwide agriculture. In the present study, the nematocidal activity of the PdR-2 fraction of Pleurotus djamor was evaluated against the second instar juvenile (J2) of M. enterolobii. Different concentrations of the PdR-2 fraction (0.039, 0.078, 0.156, 0.132, 0.625, and 1.25 mg mL-1) were evaluated, as well as the respective control groups (water and Levamisole, 5 mg mL-1) in a volume of 100 µL (n=4). J2s were exposed for 24 h and subsequently quantified, and the percentage of mortality was estimated. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with the general linear model and a comparison of means with Tukey’s test (p < 0.05). The PdR-2 fraction at concentrations of 0.132, 0.625, and 1.25 mg mL-1 were significantly equal with respect to Levamisole application, showing a mortality of 87.6, 84.5, and 86.3%, respectively. At the lowest concentration (0.039 mg mL-1), 40.3% mortality was recorded, whereas 86% was recorded at the highest concentration evaluated (1.25 mg mL-1). The PdR-2 fraction of P. djamor had nematocidal activity against J2s of M. enterolobii.
Application of EPR spectroscopy in qualitative and quantitative examinations of paramagnetic centers in melanin
Authors: Chodurek Ewa , Pilawa Barbara
Published: April 2022

Spektroskopia elektronowego rezonansu paramagnetycznego (electron paramagnetic resonance – EPR) jest metodą przydatną w biologii i medycynie do badania substancji paramagnetycznych, ich roli w procesach chorobowych oraz terapii. Celem pracy jest przedstawienie podstaw fizycznych spektroskopii EPR oraz dokonanie przeglądu zastosowań metody EPR do badań jakościowych i ilościowych centrów paramagnetycznych melanin. Omówiono możliwości spektroskopii EPR i procedury eksperymentalne stosowane do wyznaczenia rodzajów centrów paramagnetycznych występujących w melaninach syntetycznych oraz w biopolimerach melaninowych. Parametrem spektroskopowym przydatnym do określenia rodzaju centrów paramagnetycznych jest współczynnik rozszczepienia spektroskopowego g, który zależy od lokalizacji niesparowanego elektronu w cząsteczce. W melaninach występują o-semichinonowe wolne rodniki o spinie S = 1/2 oraz birodniki o spinie S = 1. Wolne rodniki i birodniki można odróżnić spektroskopowo poprzez analizy wpływu temperatury pomiaru na intensywność integralną linii EPR. Koncentracja centrów paramagnetycznych w melaninie jest proporcjonalna do intensywności integralnej widma EPR. Przedstawiono wpływ paramagnetycznych i diamagnetycznych jonów metali oraz tlenu na koncentrację centrów paramagnetycznych w melaninie. Dokonano przeglądu publikacji dotyczących wpływu substancji leczniczych na koncentrację centrów paramagnetycznych w melaninie. Przedstawiono przydatność spektroskopii EPR w identyfikowaniu melaniny w próbkach biologicznych, m.in. komórkach nowotworowych, bakteriach i grzybach.
Gobernanza y territorios indígenas. Cambios, permanencias y redefiniciones
Authors: Chirif Alberto
Published: April 2022

El presente artículo intentará explicar el proceso de cambios socioeconómicos que determinó la conformación de la institución conocida con el nombre de «comunidad nativa», formalizada en 1974 mediante una ley especial; así como los intentos realizados por diversos gobiernos para debilitarla. Señalará, asimismo, los criterios que guiaban la gobernanza indígena tradicional y el importante papel que ha jugado la comunidad, estructurada en organizaciones de segundo nivel en determinados contextos (protestas en reclamo por derechos conculcados, propuestas legales y políticas, pacificación del país, y el enfrentamiento de la pandemia del Covid-19). Abordará, por último, el tema del más reciente surgimiento de un nuevo sujeto de derecho, llamado pueblo indígena —que a su vez es portador de otros derechos, como territorio integral y gobernanza autónoma—, que aún está en proceso de gestación.
El cambio climático y nuestra salud: una emergencia desatendida
Authors: Salmón Mulanovich Gabriela
Published: April 2022

El último reporte del Panel Intergubernamental sobre el Cambio Climático (IPCC, por sus siglas en inglés)) muestra el escaso margen que tenemos para adaptarnos al incremento de la temperatura global. Las últimas cuatro décadas han sido las más cálidas. El Perú ha sido identificado como un territorio muy vulnerable a los efectos del cambio climático; se ha ido registrando el incremento de las temperaturas y el retroceso de los glaciares, la manifestación de eventos climáticos extremos, la disminución de rendimiento de cultivos, la presencia de plagas, inundaciones en la cuenca amazónica y pérdidas en el ecosistema marino. Además, en el Perú la inequidad persistente se traduce en impactos de manera desigual, especialmente sobre poblaciones que dependen de los recursos naturales para su subsistencia y que son los más susceptibles. Los efectos negativos sobre la salud pueden ser directos, por el calor extremo, o indirectos por la mayor exposición a incendios forestales, la migración de poblaciones producto de estos eventos, la transmisión de algunas enfermedades. Esto se traduce en identificar el cambio climático como una ecosindemia, lo cual permite enfocarse sobre los impulsores comunes, sociales y ambientales, para atender varios problemas a la vez. Las intervenciones en el entorno urbano que permiten disminuir el impacto del cambio climático en la salud y mejorar el bienestar son diversas. El propósito de descarbonizar la red energética de las ciudades tiene efectos sobre la contaminación del aire y la emisión de material particulado, e influye positivamente sobre la salud y disminuye muertes prematuras. Teniendo en cuenta la situación de vulnerabilidad del territorio, es fundamental incorporar estas estrategias y tener en cuenta a las poblaciones más susceptibles, como niños, niñas y adolescentes, quienes tendrán que seguir enfrentándose al cambio climático. Luego de dieciocho meses de la emergencia sanitaria por la COVID-19, el país tiene muchos desafíos. Hemos recibido lecciones muy duras en esta crisis sanitaria. La salud de las futuras generaciones dependerá de cuánto hemos aprendido.
Los desafíos de la Política Ambiental y los pueblos indígenas. Titulación comunal, gestión de áreas protegidas y territorios autónomos en debate
Authors: Soria Dall’Orso Carlos
Published: April 2022

El artículo presenta una revisión de las dificultades prácticas para la regularización de la titulación comunal, la demarcación y la titulación de territorios indígenas en Áreas Naturales Protegidas (ANP), así como las novedosas propuestas alternativas de territorios autónomos. Estas son las principales propuestas de política pública de derechos indígenas que influyen sobre la política ambiental peruana en el periodo 2021-2026.
Ambiente, pueblos indígenas y el momento constitucional
Authors: Lanegra Ivan
Published: April 2022

El bicentenario trae un nuevo momento constitucional. El tercer siglo de vida independiente demanda nuevas reglas que nos introduzcan en un enfoque intercultural crítico y en un paradigma fuerte de sostenibilidad, perspectivas que respondan a la crisis climática y al desafío del Antropoceno. Este artículo consta de tres secciones. La primera hace un balance de la cuestión ambiental e indígena en la Constitución de 1993. La segunda plantea una agenda en el contexto de una reforma de la Constitución. La tercera discute algunos de los problemas políticos que podría enfrentar la reforma, así como los peligros y oportunidades que presenta.
Soberanías en conflicto: conservación y naciones indígenas en la Amazonía peruana
Authors: Merino Roger
Published: April 2022

Las organizaciones indígenas, los actores internacionales y las autoridades nacionales proyectan diferentes imaginarios en torno a la relación de los pueblos indígenas con el entorno natural. Basándose en dichos imaginarios, estos actores utilizan argumentos ecológicos, económicos y de seguridad para crear o transformar áreas naturales protegidas. A partir del análisis de tres casos de conflictos en torno a la creación y gestión de áreas naturales protegidas en la Amazonía peruana, este artículo explora cómo las organizaciones indígenas y las autoridades estatales —respaldadas por los actores internacionales— utilizan argumentos de seguridad, económicos y ecológicos desde su propia visión de soberanía. El artículo sostiene que el Estado debilita la aspiración política indígena de control territorial soberano al traducir esta agenda en mecanismos despolitizados funcionales a los presupuestos del ambientalismo internacional moderno, lo que en última instancia limita su capacidad de contribuir verdaderamente a los objetivos de conservación. Por el contrario, un enfoque de conservación de «construcción de la nación» (nation-building approach), al concebir a las naciones indígenas como socios soberanos en la gestión ambiental, podría dar mayor legitimidad a las iniciativas ambientales.
Pandemia, Cambio Climático y el Perú
Authors: Gamio Aita Pedro
Published: April 2022

Este artículo presenta un análisis sobre el cambio climático en el Perú en un contexto de pandemia. De esta forma, se contrastan los diferentes compromisos internacionales asumidos por el Perú para la mitigación del cambio climático y las reales, efectivas y pocas acciones que se han tomado para cumplir con dichos compromisos. La reflexión se encamina a pensar cómo lograr la mayor capacidad de resiliencia del país. Se pone a la luz la problemática sobre la precaria gobernabilidad y la falta de fortaleza institucional —no solo ambiental— que se puede evidenciar y también agravar en el escenario de la pandemia, así como a la falta de meritocracia y transparencia en la administración publica. Para concluir, se presentarán diferentes perspectivas sobre la Ley General de Cambio Climático, con el fin de señalar cuáles son los retos que tiene el Perú para lograr una regulación eficaz sobre la mitigación del cambio climático
Cambio Climático: Ventana de Oportunidad para las Fuerzas Armadas en las estrategias de adaptación y mitigación
Authors: Miranda Alfaro Víctor Arturo
Published: April 2022

En el presente artículo se exponen y analizan diferentes acciones en las que las Fuerzas Armadas pueden participar aprovechando lo que Kingdon (1984) denomina «las ventanas de oportunidades», que permanecerán abiertas durante períodos cortos y si no son aprovechadas en el proceso político se perderá el costo de oportunidad, esperando a que vuelva a surgir otra en un momento determinado; todo esto con la finalidad de fortalecer la capacidad del Estado en beneficio de la población y tener un país encaminado en el desarrollo sostenible. Las Fuerzas Armadas juegan un papel muy importante en la estrategia de sostenibilidad del Estado y han logrado que se consideren como un seguro contra escenarios de conflicto en el futuro relacionados con el cambio climático, pudiendo participar en apoyo a la sociedad mediante una contribución significativa a la adaptación al cambio climático. En este sentido, las Fuerzas Armadas deberían ser consideradas y preparadas estratégicamente como un gestor de riesgos.
Resiliencia en el Estado, la sociedad, la política y la urbe. Algunas reflexiones
Authors: Vargas Florez Jorge
Published: April 2022

En este artículo se presenta a la resiliencia, la que dependiendo de la disciplina de estudio es considerada simultáneamente una meta, un medio y una capacidad. Se propone, entonces, un constructo para su desarrollo, «la búsqueda de la excelencia en el resultado de labor». Se analiza el tránsito para el logro de una resiliencia en el Estado, la sociedad, la política y la urbe, con intersecciones en las implicaciones que tras doscientos años de vida republicana en el Perú son visibles y necesarias como pistas de reflexión, discusión y evaluación. Se termina el trabajo presentando las limitaciones que tiene la resiliencia como medio de transformación, cuando el retorno a un estado previo al evento disruptor no es una opción.
Função cognitiva após exercícios aeróbicos com e sem restrição do fluxo sanguíneo em adultos mais velhos
Authors: Santos Wellington Martins dos , Sardeli Amanda Veiga , Moraes Daisa Fabiele Godoi , Venturini Marina Lívia Ferreira , Santos Lucas do Carmo , Cavaglieri Cláudia Regina , Middleton Laura E , Chacon-Mikahil Mara Patrícia Traina
Published: April 2022

As perdas cognitivas tipicamente experimentadas com o envelhecimento podem ser atenuadas por exercícios aeróbicos (EA) regulares. EA também induz melhora aguda da função cognitiva em idosos; no entanto, não está claro qual protocolo de EA é mais eficaz. A prática de EA com restrição de fluxo sanguíneo (RFS) agrega outros benefícios à saúde do idoso, como melhorias na aptidão aeróbia, aumento da massa e força muscular. Assim, objetivamos comparar protocolos de EA com e sem RFS na função cognitiva de idosos. Vinte e um idosos realizaram o teste de Stroop antes e após três sessões de EA em medida repetida, desenho cruzado: EA com alta carga (70% VO2máx), EA com baixa carga (40% VO2máx) e EA com RFS (40% VO2máx e 50% do RFS). Não houve efeito significativo das sessões experimentais na função cognitiva. Talvez, as cargas aplicadas não tenham sido adequadas para estimular melhorias na função cognitiva, visto que as cargas moderadas têm sido mais eficientes para aumentar o fluxo sanguíneo cerebral, entre outros mecanismos fisiológicos englobados. Além disso, observamos respostas bastante heterogêneas entre indivíduos e sessões, sugerindo que pesquisas futuras são necessárias para melhor compreensão desse fenômeno.