bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Healthcare Cybersecurity: Data Poisoning in the Age of AI
Authors: Acuña Acuña Edwin Gerardo
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the challenges the healthcare sector faces in the wake of increasing digitalization, particularly the growing threat of data poisoning in artificial intelligence systems. Unlike other research, this work delves into the current security protocol weaknesses, highlighting the specific vulnerabilities of healthcare systems and the urgent need for innovative solutions to protect both patients and institutions. Throughout the research, key gaps in security mechanisms are identified and analyzed, showing how these flaws can be exploited by attackers to compromise sensitive information, undermining trust in digital healthcare tools. The methodology combines existing theories with real-world data, allowing for an in-depth and detailed analysis of the risks posed by data poisoning. Advanced cybersecurity strategies are presented, emphasizing the importance of multi-layered detection and mitigation systems designed specifically for the healthcare sector’s needs. Additionally, the broader impact these cybersecurity challenges could have on business processes is explored, revealing how they might slow down the essential digital transformation required to enhance modern healthcare services. This study not only sheds light on security issues in the healthcare sector but also offers practical recommendations to strengthen current defenses. In conclusion, it calls for urgent action to develop new technologies and enforce stricter regulations that safeguard data integrity and ensure a safe and successful digital transition in the face of emerging cybersecurity threats.
 
Received: 9 August 2024 | Revised: 23 September 2024 | Accepted: 8 October 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest 
The author declares that he has no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data sharing is not applicable to this article as no new data were created or analyzed in this study.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Edwin Gerardo Acuña Acuña: Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data curation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project administration, Funding acquisition.
A New Solution Technique for Fuzzy Transportation Problem Using Novel Ranking Functions on Heptagonal Fuzzy Numbers: A Case Study of Regional Shipment
Authors: Baranidharan Balasundaram , Mahapatra Ghanshaym Singha
Published: October 2024

This paper presented a fuzzy transportation problem to represent the uncertainty of transportation in parameters to produce an appropriate solution. In addition to making reliable solutions for real-world decision-making problems, the objective of transportation problem cost, demand, and supply parameters are demonstrated using heptagonal fuzzy numbers (HFN). The multiplication and division operations are presented with an example to make the inner performance of any two HFNs. A new ranking technique has been derived to defuzzify the linear HFN using an alpha-cut-based ranking technique, and it has been compared with the existing ranking technique. Furthermore, a generalized ranking heptagonal fuzzy method (GRHFM) algorithm is framed by incorporating defined operations and ranking techniques to solve the heptagonal fuzzy regional shipment problem. The effectiveness of our proposed method is demonstrated through a numerical example of an adopted case study. It determines the feasible shipment cost for vegetable transportation from the regional markets utilizing HFNs, which further compare solutions obtained through various algorithms. The conclusion section discusses the suggested GRHFM and alpha-cut ranking efficiency, outcomes, decision management, and future directions based on the existing transportation study.
 
Received: 26 April 2024 | Revised: 15 July 2024 | Accepted: 22 July 2024
 
Conflicts of Interest
The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to this work.
 
Data Availability Statement
Data available on request from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
 
Author Contribution Statement
Balasundaram Baranidharan：Conceptualization, Software, Validation, Investigation, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Visualization. Ghanshaym Singha Mahapatra：Methodology, Software, Formal analysis, Resources, Data curation, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision.
A simple method for assessing biological age and the rate of ageing of the cardiovascular system
Authors: Pisaruk Anatoly , Mekhova Ludmila , Naskalova Svitlana , Pisaruk Ludmila , Shatilo Valeri
Published: October 2024

We developed a simple method for assessing the biological (functional) cardiovascular system age, based on our data on age-related changes in blood pressure, ECG, and HRV. We set ourselves the task of finding a simple non-invasive method for the integral assessment of the state of the cardiovascular system, which allows us to quantify the degree of age-related changes in this system. The essence of the method lies in the fact that the BA of the cardiovascular system is calculated according to the indicators of BP, QT and HRV. The study included 339 practically healthy people from 20 to 90 years (191 women and 148 men). The formula for calculating BA was obtained by multiple linear regression. The multiple correlation between biological age and chronological is high (r = 0.892; p <0.00001 for women and r = 0.897; p <0.00001 for men). The average absolute value of the BA calculation error is 5.19 ± 0.42 years for women and 5.14 ± 0.33 for men in this case.
Thus, the formulas we obtained for calculating the BA are used in medical practice. The proposed model for determining BA can be used to identify individuals with accelerated cardiovascular ageing who require more advanced instrumental and laboratory examinations. Moreover, the developed method for assessing the rate of cardiovascular system ageing can be utilised as a rapid method for scientific research.
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Keywords: biological age; cardiovascular system; heart rate variability
Longitudinal overview of digital and media literacy: A taxonomy-based research trends analysis from 1954 to 2023
Authors: Andrade Girón Daniel Cristóbal , Zúñiga Rojas Marcelo Gumercindo , Lioo Jordán Flor de María , Vellón Flores Viviana Inés , Garivay Torres de Salinas Flor de María , Solano Armas Timoteo
Published: October 2024

Objective. A longitudinal analysis was performed to explore the thematic composition of digital and media literacy and define a taxonomy. A generic taxonomy was established in the initial phase, followed by a sub-period taxonomy. This approach facilitated an understanding of the evolution of this field over time.
Design/Methodology/Approach. A total of 11,066 documents were retrieved from Scopus composed the sample. The longitudinal analysis was generated from the defined time coverage, which spanned the period from 1954 to 2023. We considered the division into four subperiods: 1954-1979, 1980-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2023. A taxonomy was constructed using the clustering results and the most frequent top terms. The taxonomy was structured hierarchically, with more generic categories and subcategories positioned below them. 
Results/Discussion. The general taxonomy comprised five categories: (1) digital literacy and competencies, (2) media literacy and empowerment, (3) digital and media literacies in educational contexts, (4) social impact of literacy, and (5) validation and development. In the initial sub-period (1954-1979), there was an early focus on developing general literacy, media skills, and business-related competencies. During the second sub-period (1980-1999), there was a notable shift in focus towards education, computer literacy, and increasing technology integration in the educational setting. During the third subperiod (2000-2009), the prominence of digital and media literacy issues increased. In the final sub-period (2010-2023), there is evidence of a greater focus on digital skills, big data, and social media literacy. A notable shift towards a greater emphasis on research and the utilization of ICT in education reflects the advent of a fully-fledged modern information age.
Conclusions. A comprehensive examination of the taxonomy groups reveals many themes, including the personal empowerment of digital literacy and establishing institutional frameworks to validate educational models. Each group encapsulates a particular facet of media, digital, and social literacy while elucidating the broader societal ramifications of these literacies. This analysis demonstrates a progression from general literacy concepts in the early periods to an increasing focus on digital and media literacy in the most recent years.
Educational and culture-forming potential of the oriental martial art taekwondo
Authors: Gusmanov Toktar , Alimkhanov Elemes , Krugovykh Ilya , Madieva Galiya , Sabyrbek Zhanna
Published: October 2024

This article examines an important problem of modern society, which is associated with the need to find alternative methods of educating the younger generation. In the context of rapidly changing modernity and the influence of new trends on the consciousness of young people, there is a risk of loss of cultural and moral values. The article emphasizes that taekwondo, in addition to physical training, also includes an educational aspect that can form important spiritual and moral qualities necessary for social adaptation and orientation of a person. The article reveals the features of the transmission of these values through ethics and philosophical teachings that underlie taekwondo. The article presents a description of the results of a survey of respondents (taekwondo athletes from Kazakhstan, n=48), which made it possible to identify a fairly high level of understanding of the culture and moral principles of taekwondo among young men involved in this sport, and also draws conclusions that determine the level of their socialization.
Financing of municipal current expenditure through local taxes: a systematic review
Authors: Garay Canales Henry Bernardo , Mayorga Challco Julio , Vargas Cubas Wilson Eduardo , Flores Flores Fredy Roger
Published: October 2024

This study examines key factors influencing the financing of municipal current expenditure through local taxes, emphasizing the importance of strengthening local tax resources to enhance municipal fiscal autonomy. A systematic literature review was conducted using Scopus and Web of Science databases, focusing on keywords such as financing, municipal current expenditure, and local taxes. The review included 19 articles in Spanish and English published between 2014-2022. Findings indicate that local tax autonomy, diversified tax structures, economic cycles, tax culture, effective enforcement, and local political commitment significantly affect municipalities' self-financing capacity. Property taxes and intergovernmental tax coordination also play crucial roles. The interplay of strategic, institutional, and contextual elements determines local governments' ability to finance expenditures and investments through self-administered taxes. Evidence suggests that municipalities effectively harmonizing these variables may reduce their dependence on discretionary central transfers, gaining autonomy in defining budgetary priorities according to local needs. The study provides a foundation for comprehensive municipal tax reforms aimed at increasing local fiscal independence. Finally, the study's findings offer practical guidance for implementing comprehensive municipal tax reforms, potentially leading to enhanced fiscal autonomy and more sustainable local government financing.
Childhood Adversity and Engagement in Adulthood: The Role of Attachment as a Mediator
Authors: Aquilina Samantha , Meredith Pamela , Harnett Paul , Kerley Lou
Published: October 2024

Importance: A key assumption of occupational therapy is that engagement in meaningful activities is fundamental to one’s health and well-being. Preliminary findings suggest a link between childhood adversity and engagement in meaningful activity. Childhood adversity is also linked to attachment insecurity in adulthood, and both represent barriers to health and well-being. It is unknown whether attachment insecurity is associated with meaningful activity engagement or how attachment insecurity influences the relationship between childhood adversity and meaningful activity engagement.

Objective: To investigate the association between attachment insecurity and meaningful activity engagement and the role of attachment insecurity in the relationship between childhood adversity and engagement in meaningful activities in adulthood.

Design: Cross-sectional online survey.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Community-dwelling adults ages 18 yr or older, healthy, and able to understand standard English to complete the questionnaires. Participants were recruited through snowball sampling.

Outcomes and Measures: Participants answered demographic questions and completed three questionnaires: the Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey, Risky Families Questionnaire, and Experiences in Close Relationships–Short Form.

Results: Participants (N = 329) completed at least two of the three surveys, with most (n = 312) completing all three. More insecurely attached participants reported less engagement in meaningful activities. Both attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety mediated the relationship between childhood adversity and meaningful activity engagement.

Conclusions and Relevance: The findings offer support for interrelations among childhood adversity, attachment insecurity, and engagement in meaningful activity. Further research is required to support the application of these findings in clinical settings.

Plain-Language Summary: To our knowledge, this is the first study to establish a connection between attachment insecurity in adults and lower levels of engagement in meaningful activities during adulthood. The findings highlight the heightened vulnerability of adults who have a history of childhood adversity. The findings also emphasize the significance of (1) considering clients’ childhood adversity and attachment patterns when assessing for and providing occupational therapy services and (2) advocating for the inclusion of trauma-informed practices for those with lower levels of meaningful occupational engagement.
Causal association between vitamin D levels and neonatal jaundice: results from a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Hao , Wang Li-wen
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Observational studies have suggested an association between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of neonatal jaundice; however, it remains unclear whether this relationship is causal. We conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study to evaluate whether vitamin D levels influence the risk of neonatal jaundice.

Material and methods

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) highly associated with vitamin D levels were selected as instrumental variables from publicly available genome-wide association studies (GWAS). MR analysis was conducted using five different models, including MR-Egger regression and inverse-variance weighting (IVW). Sensitivity analysis included MR-PRESSO (MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier) testing, Cochran’s Q heterogeneity testing, the MR-Egger method, leave-one-out analysis, and Bayesian colocalization analysis to determine whether there were shared causal loci between vitamin D levels and neonatal jaundice.

Results

A total of 160 SNPs with genome-wide significance for vitamin D levels were identified, explaining 1.4% of the genetic variance in vitamin D levels. The MR-PRESSO test did not detect any outlier values, and heterogeneity testing did not identify significant heterogeneity. However, pleiotropy testing revealed significant horizontal pleiotropy, prompting the use of the MR-Egger regression model for MR analysis. The results indicated a significant negative causal association between vitamin D levels and the risk of neonatal jaundice (OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.004–0.43, p = 0.0026). Sensitivity analysis and colocalization analysis further confirmed the accuracy and robustness of the results.

Conclusions

Genetically reduced vitamin D levels are causally associated with an increased risk of neonatal jaundice.
The effect of childhood memories of happiness and peace on distress tolerance: the mediating role of emotional intelligence
Authors: Büyükcebeci Ayça
Published: October 2024

Background

The main objectives of this study were to examine whether childhood memories of happiness and peace are associated with distress tolerance and to determine whether distress tolerance mediates the relationship between childhood memories of happiness and peace. We hypothesized that childhood memories of happiness and peace are directly and indirectly associ-ated with distress tolerance through emotional intelligence.

Participants and procedure

Participants consisted of 538 individuals aged between 19 and 27 years and in emerging adulthood. Among these partici-pants, 426 were female and 112 were male. The data collection tools used in this study included the Early Memories of Warmth and Safeness Scale, the Distress Tolerance Scale, and the Rotterdam Emotional Intelligence Scale. A multiple medi-ation model was analysed using the bootstrapping technique.

Results

Early memories of warmth and safety, other-focused emotion evaluation, self-focused emotion control, and distress toler-ance were positively correlated. Early warm and safe memories were positively correlated with self-focused, other-focused, and self-regulated emotions. However, self-focused emotion appraisal did not substantially affect distress tolerance. Boot-strapping technique indicated that early memories of warmth and safeness increased other-focused emotion appraisal and self-focused emotion regulation and increased distress tolerance. Early memories of warmth and safeness did not indirectly affect distress tolerance through self-focused emotion appraisal and other-focused emotion regulation.

Conclusions

We found positive associations between distress tolerance, early warmth and safety memories, and other- and self-focused emotion regulation. Early memories of warmth and safeness directly raised distress tolerance, without mediation by self-focused emotion evaluation or other-focused emotion control.
The effect of a training program in executive functions based on Anderson’s model
in reducing cognitive test anxiety
Authors: Al-dabaibeh AL-hanof M. , Abu Ghazal Muawiyah M. , Ghbari Thaer A.
Published: October 2024

Background

The choice of specialization at the secondary level in Jordan depends on the average scores of the student in the previous stages, specifically the scores of the tenth-grade year. Therefore, students in this grade experience cognitive test anxiety (CTA) at elevated levels, and the presence of deficiencies or weaknesses in the skills of executive functions impacts subse-quent career-related milestones for students. The current investigation aimed to assess the influence of an Anderson model-based training program on executive function as a means of alleviating CTA.

Participants and procedure

Employing a quasi-experimental pre-post design, the study examined the effectiveness of the training intervention. 36 tenth-grade students were stratified into two groups: 19 in the experimental group and 17 in the control group. Both groups un-derwent administration of the Cognitive Test Anxiety Scale before and after the test. The experimental group participated in a 14-session training program conducted three times weekly.

Results

The results exhibited a statistically significant difference in post-test means between the experimental and control groups, signifying the successful reduction of CTA levels among students in the experimental group.

Conclusions

The enduring significance of CTA in the ongoing assessment process, encompassing both historical and contemporary con-texts, highlights the necessity for proactive intervention. Recognizing the inherent diversity among students, our study aimed to create a customized training program to alleviate CTA. This endeavor is especially crucial for adolescents navi-gating a developmental stage where educational materials become more intricate. The effectiveness of the intervention is elevated by its strategic foundation in executive functions, which directly and influentially affects CTA. Aligning the training program with these crucial cognitive processes enhances its ability to effectively reduce the underlying factors contributing to CTA, thereby providing a promising approach for meaningful and sustainable outcomes in addressing the challenges faced by students in this regard.
Poor Joint Work in the Lower Limbs during a Tennis Forehand Groundstroke after a Cross-Over Step Inhibits an Increase
in the Racket Speed
Authors: Kawamoto Yuta , Suzuki Takahito , Iino Yoichi , Yoshioka Shinsuke , Takeshita Daisuke , Fukashiro Senshi
Published: October 2024

A forward run-up and stepping are used to accelerate hitting tools or throwing objects in sports. This study aimed to investigate the effect of a forward cross-over step on the speed of a hitting tool by analyzing the joint work and mechanical energy of the whole body and the hitting tool using inverse dynamics. Thirteen advanced tennis players performed forehand groundstrokes at maximum effort with and without a forward cross-over step. From the whole body plus racket perspective, the body-weight-normalized mechanical energy at the start of the hitting motion increased by 1.74 ± 0.42 J·kg−1 due to the cross-over step. However, the increase in the magnitude of total negative joint work, primarily attributed to the lower limbs, was 1.38 ± 0.31 J·kg−1 due to the cross-over step, conventionally regarded as energy absorption. Consequently, the mechanical energy of the whole body plus the racket at ball impact was comparable between the conditions. Nevertheless, from the segmental perspective, the mechanical work performed by the net shoulder joint force of the playing upper limb with the cross-over step during the hitting motion was greater than that without the cross-over step. Subsequently, the slight increase in the mechanical energy of the playing upper limb plus racket (0.25 ± 0.21 J·kg−1) resulted in increased racket speed (4.3%). Considering the comparable total mechanical energy and a resultant increase in racket speed, players and coaches should not overestimate the effect of the forward step on racket speed.
Habitual Running Style Matters: Duty Factor,
and Not Stride Frequency, Relates to Loading Magnitude
Authors: Van der Meulen Lennert , Bonnaerens Senne , Van Caekenberghe Ine , De Clerq Dirk , Segers Veerle , Fiers Pieter
Published: October 2024

Running style is temporally defined by a duty factor and stride frequency and believed to be related to the loading experienced during ever step. However, the exact relationship between both temporal variables and loading magnitude is still unknown. We aimed to identify the relationship between a duty factor and stride frequency with external load measures, joint reaction forces and joint moments. Thirty-one healthy female recreational runners ran across a 25-m runway at a speed of 2.30 ± 0.05 m∙s−1. Ground reaction forces and motion capture data were used to determine the maximal vertical ground reaction force, the vertical instantaneous loading rate, peak braking force, peak joint extension moments and peak joint reaction forces at the knee and the ankle. The habitual duty factor and stride frequency of runners did not correlate with each other. The duty factor was found to be a significant predictor of maximal vertical ground reaction force (R2 = 0.585), peak braking force (R2 = 0.153), peak knee extension moment (R2 = 0.149), ankle plantar flexion moment (R2 = 0.225) and peak joint reaction forces at the knee (R2 = 0.591) and the ankle (R2 = 0.592), but not of the vertical instantaneous loading rate. Stride frequency had no significant predictive value. In conclusion, the maximal loading and potential injury risk of female recreational runners running with high duty factors are lower compared to those of peers running with lower duty factors.
ĐÁNH GIÁ KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ ÁP XE RUỘT THỪA BẰNG KỸ THUẬT DẪN LƯU DƯỚI HƯỚNG DẪN SIÊU ÂM TẠI BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI
Authors: Lê Văn Khảng , Lê Thị Yến , Đoàn Thị Kiều Oánh , Nguyễn Thị Thu Thảo , Nguyễn Thị Khơi , Vũ Đăng Lưu
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả điều trị áp xe ruột thừa bằng phương pháp dẫn lưu ổ áp xe dưới hướng dẫn siêu âm tại Bệnh viện Bạch Mai. Đối tượng và phương pháp: Hồi cứu, mô tả chùm ca bệnh. Tổng số 19 bệnh nhân áp xe ruột thừa được tiến hành kỹ thuật dẫn lưu áp xe ruột thừa dưới hướng dẫn siêu âm tại bệnh viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 01/2023 đến tháng 04/2024. Kết quả: Nghiên cứu trên 19 bệnh nhân (10 bệnh nhân nam và 9 bệnh nhân nữ), tuổi trung bình là 46,84 tuổi (09 – 90). Tất cả bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu đều có triệu chứng đau bụng, trong đó 47,37% bệnh nhân có triệu chứng sốt. Kích thước trung bình của ổ áp xe trong nghiên cứu 48,75mm. Các bệnh nhân trong nghiên cứu được lựa chọn đặt các cỡ sonde 8F, 9F và 10F, trong đó, số trường hợp được sử dụng sonde 10F chiếm tỷ lệ cao nhất 57,89%. Không trường hợp dẫn lưu nào gặp phải tai biến. Sau điều trị tình trạng lâm sàng bệnh nhân ổn định. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình 6,48 ngày (3-18). Trong tổng số các bệnh nhân, có 21,06% trường hợp bệnh nhân bị tái phát. Kết luận: Dẫn lưu ổ áp xe ruột thừa dưới hướng dẫn siêu âm là một phương pháp xâm lấn tối thiểu, an toàn, hiệu quả.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, CẬN LÂM SÀNG VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở BỆNH NHÂN ĐÁI THÁO ĐƯỜNG TYP 2 CÓ GAN NHIỄM MỠ KHÔNG DO RƯỢU (NAFLD)
Authors: Hoàng Thị Mỹ Hạnh , Nguyễn Quang Bảy
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng và một số yếu tố liên quan với gan nhiễm mỡ không do rượu (NAFLD) ở bệnh nhân đái tháo đường (ĐTĐ) type 2. Đối tượng và phương pháp: nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 70  bệnh nhân ĐTĐ typ 2  từ 18 – 70 tuổi ở khoa Nội tiết - ĐTĐ và phòng khám Nội tiết – Bệnh Viện Bạch Mai từ tháng 8/2023 đến 7/2024 và thỏa mãn tiêu chuẩn chẩn đoán NAFLD theo Hiệp hội Mỹ các bệnh về gan (AASLD) 2018. Tất cả bệnh nhân được siêu âm ổ bụng và đo Fibroscan ghi nhận chỉ số xơ hóa gan (LSM) và chỉ số nhiễm mỡ gan (CAP). Kết quả: 52,9% bệnh nhân là nữ, tuổi trung bình của nhóm nghiên cứu là 51,3 ± 12,7. 71,4% bệnh nhân có thừa cân/béo phì. Trên đo Fibroscan, 82,9% bệnh nhân có hình ảnh gan nhiễm mỡ (GNM), tỉ lệ GNM độ 1, 2, 3 lần lượt là là 24,3%, 11,4% và 47,1%. BMI, tỉ lệ vòng bụng/hông, ALT và giá trị LSM cao hơn có ý nghĩa thống kê ở nhóm GNM độ 3 so với nhóm độ 1-2 và không nhiễm mỡ. BMI, HbA1c, HDL-C và LSM có mối liên quan với chỉ số CAP. Kết luận: Tỉ lệ cao bệnh nhân ĐTĐ type 2 có tình trạng GNM trên đo Fibroscan. Chỉ số CAP phản ánh tình trạng nhiễm mỡ có mối liên quan với chỉ số BMI, HbA1c, HDL – C và chỉ số xơ hóa gan LSM
THỰC TRẠNG LO ÂU CỦA NGƯỜI BỆNH TRƯỚC PHẪU THUẬT CỘT SỐNG TẠI BỆNH VIỆN HỮU NGHỊ VIỆT ĐỨC NĂM 2024
Authors: Nguyễn Thị Thìn , Nguyễn Lê Bảo Tiến , Đinh Ngọc Sơn , Vũ Hoàng Anh , Mai Khánh Linh
Published: October 2024

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát thực trạng lo âu của người bệnh trước phẫu thuật cột sống tại Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt Đức năm 2024. Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang được thực hiện trên 234 người bệnh phẫu thuật cột sống sử dụng bộ công cụ HADS-A để khảo sát tình trạng lo âu của người bệnh. Kết quả: tỷ lệ lo âu chiếm 50,9% trong đó 31,2% NB có dấu hiệu lo âu, 19,7% NB lo âu thực sự. Điểm trung bình lo âu của người bệnh trước phẫu thuật theo thang điểm HADS-A theo nghiên cứu là 7,41±3,55. Kết luận: Cần có kế hoạch hỗ trợ tư vấn tâm lý cho người bệnh trước phẫu thuật giúp cải thiện tình trạng sức khỏe, hạn chế những nguy cơ trong phẫu thuật cũng như đáp ứng tốt với kế hoạch chăm sóc, điều trị sau phẫu thuật.
La propiedad sobre activos digitales
Authors: Sánchez Gil Ignacio
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo ha obtenido un accésit del Premio Estudios Financieros 2024 en la modalidad de Derecho Civil y Mercantil.
En los últimos años, las tecnologías de registro distribuido, o DLT, tales como las blockchains, han permitido la creación de novedosos activos que, a pesar de estar representados en un soporte digital, comparten muchas de las características de los bienes dotados de existencia material. A la par que la relevancia económica de los activos digitales crecía, también lo hacían las incógnitas sobre su régimen jurídico. Los peculiares elementos funcionales de las DLT llevaron a numerosos autores a propugnar el reconocimiento de un status jurídico de propietario a favor del titular de estos activos digitales, de tal forma que pudiesen beneficiarse del régimen normativo característico de la propiedad. A lo largo de las próximas páginas examinaremos la naturaleza de los activos digitales representados en DLT, a fin de determinar su idoneidad para constituir objetos de una auténtica relación de propiedad, tal y como esta se contempla en nuestro ordenamiento. Como trataremos de justificar, las analogías funcionales entre los activos digitales y las cosas auténticamente apropiables no bastan para dotarlas de un tratamiento jurídico idéntico; o, al menos, no sin dar lugar a resultados aberrantes desde una perspectiva científica, pero también práctica.
Kedudukan Hukum Nadzir dalam Wakaf Tunai (Studi Komparasi Empat Madzhab dan UU Wakaf No. 41 Tahun 2004)
Authors: Mubarok Sofarul
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kedudukan nazhir (pengelola wakaf) dalam pengelolaan wakaf di Indonesia. Perkembangan wakaf saat ini telah meluas hingga pada istilah wakaf uang. Di Indonesia, sebagai negara dengan penduduk muslim terbesar, keberadaan wakaf menjadi titik penting dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. Untuk mewujudkan kesejahteraan dari sektor wakaf, peran nazhir sebagai pengelola wakaf sangat dibutuhkan. Namun, dalam praktiknya masih terdapat sejumlah tantangan. Pemahaman masyarakat yang terbatas, sifat nazhir yang masih tradisional, dan kurangnya dukungan kelembagaan menjadi beberapa kendala utama. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang mengkaji dari perspektif hukum Islam dan Undang-Undang Nomor 41 Tahun 2004 tentang Wakaf terkait pengangkatan, kewajiban, dan tanggung jawab nazhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut ulama, orang yang paling berhak menentukan siapa yang akan menjadi nazhir adalah orang yang mewakafkan harta benda (wakif). Jika wakif tidak menunjuk siapa pun, hak untuk memilih nazhir biasanya jatuh kepada hakim. Akan tetapi ada pula yang berpendapat bahwa apabila telah ditentukan siapa yang akan menerima manfaat dari wakaf (mauquf alaih), maka orang tersebut berhak memilih nazhir. Apabila penerima manfaat tidak mampu melaksanakan tugas nazhir, maka tugas tersebut diserahkan kepada walinya. Lebih lanjut, dari perspektif UU No. 41 Tahun 2004 dapat disimpulkan bahwa kedudukan nazhir sebagai pengelola harta wakaf sangatlah penting, namun perlu adanya upaya untuk meningkatkan kapasitas dan profesionalisme nazhir agar pengelolaan wakaf dapat lebih efektif dan efisien.
Propuestas de paz del gobierno de Nicaragua
Authors: S. J.
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 38, No. 421-422, 1983: 1009-1012.
ҰЛЫБРИТАНИЯ-КЕҢЕС ОДАҒЫНЫҢ ДИПЛОМАТИЯЛЫҚ ҚАРЫМ-ҚАТЫНАСТАРЫ (АНТИФАШИСТІК КОАЛИЦИЯ)
Authors: Мукатаева З.К. , Берікболова А.Ж. , Шуланбекова Г.К.
Published: October 2024

Екінші дүниежүзілік соғыс жылдарындағы антифашистік коалицияның дипломатиялық тарихы осы күнге дейін өзінің өзектілігін жоғалтпаған мәселелердің бірі. Әсіресе фашистік Германия Кеңес Одағына соғыс ашқаннан кейін басқа мемлекеттер, соның ішінде Ұлыбритания мен Құрама Штаттар антифашистік коалиция құруда басшылықты өз қолдарына алды.Германияға қарсы соғыста біріккен әскери қимылдар жасау туралы 1941 жылы 12-ші шілдеде қол қойылған КСРО мен Ұлыбритания өкіметтерінің арасындағы келісім антигитлерлік коалицияны құруда ең алғашқы қадам болды. Антигитлерлік коалицияның құрылуына, байланыстардың және ынтымақтас-тықтың орнауына 1941 жылы күзде өткен үш держава –КСРО, Ұлыбритания мен АҚШ-тың Мәскеу конференциясы маңызды рөл атқарды. Бұндай келісімдерге қол жеткізуге ағылшын елінің дипломатия-лық өнері үлкен әсерін тигізгені сөзсіз. Дегенмен, мәскеулік келіссөз барысында бірқатар мәселелер бойынша КСРО мен Англия арасын-дағы қайшылықтар жойылған жоқ болатын,сонымен қоса өзара көмек көрсету туралы бағдарлама жобасы да шығарылмаған еді. Алайда келісім КСРО мен Англия арасындағы достық, одақтық қарым-қатынас орнатуға мүмкіндік болды. Ол фашизмге қарсы күресіп жатқан мемлекеттердің одағын құруда маңызды рөл атқарды. Германияға қарсы біріккен қимыл-әрекеттер туралы ағылшын-кеңес келісіміне қол қою, сонымен бірге, экономикалық мәселелер бойынша ағылшын-кеңес келісімінің сәтті аяқталуын да алдын ала анық-тады. Ағылшын-кеңес келісімінің бекітілуі Кеңес Одағында да, Англияда да үлкен құрметке ие болды.
ҚАЗАҚСТАНҒАЖЕР АУДАРЫЛҒАН ХАЛЫҚТАРДЫҢ КҮНДЕЛІКТІ ӨМІРІ, СТАЛИН ДӘУІРІНІҢ ШЫНДЫҚТАРЫНЫҢ БІРІ РЕТІНДЕ (ПОЛЯКТАР МЫСАЛЫНДА)
Authors: Козгамбаева Г.Б. , Кошымова А.О. , Динашева Л.С.
Published: October 2024

ХХ ғасырдың соңғы ширегінде бұрын зерттелмей, ғылыми айналымға ене қоймаған немесе бөлшектеп қаралған тақырыптарды зерттеу қолға алынды. Сондай тақырыптардың қатарына Совет елінде өткен ғасырдың 30-50 жылдары жер аударылған халықтардың тарихи, тағдыры мен күнделікті өмірітуралы тақырыптарды зерттеу қолға алынды.Осындай тағдырдың ауыр тауқыметін бастарынан өткізген ұлттардың ішінде поляктар да болды. Республикамызға жер аударылған поляктар туралы зерттеулер ауқымды болғанымен, олардың әлеуметтік жағдайы мен деформациясы және күнделікті өмірдегі жағдайы толық зерттелмеген.Сонымен қатар мақалада арнайы контингенттің қоныс аударуы, шаруашашылық және және еңбек тәртібі, әлеуметтік жағдайы, өндірістік және қоғамдық орындардағы жұмыс мәселелері қарастырылған. Жер аударылған поляктардың жұмыс күші арнайы қоныстанған жерлерде өмір сүруі мен бейімделуінің факторы болды.Мақалада алға қойған басты мақсат Қазақстанға жер аударылған поляктардың күнделікті өмірі Сталин дәуірінің шындықтарының бірі ретінде қарастыру. Поляктар Қазақстанаумағына жер аударылған халық-тардың басым көпшілігін құрады және олардың жағдайы ауыр болды. Отанына қайтқанша аштық, түрлі індеттер, азапты ауыр еңбек, кеңес азаматтығын қабылдаудан (1943ж.) бас тартқандары репресияға ұшырап, қамауға алынған поляктар жер аударылған басқадай ұлттар сияқты ауыр күндерді бастарынан өткерді. Мақалада Қазақстан аумағына жер аударылған поляктарды қоныстандырылған жерде бейімделудегі күнделікті өмірі мен ауыр тұрмыс тіршілігі туралы ғылыми зерттеулер, поляк азаматтары мен олардың ұрпақтарының естеліктері, баспасөз беттеріндегі және архив материалдары негізінде талдау жасалды.
AҚCУAТ АЙМАҒЫНЫҢ ТAРИХЫ МEН ДAМУ БAРЫCЫ
Authors: Муратказин М.М. , Кариева Т.А.
Published: October 2024

Ақсуат ауданы –Абай обылысының құрамындағы әкімшілік-аумақтық бірлік. Орталығы –Ақсуат ауылы. Көп деректерде Ақсуат ауданының тарихы 1935 жылдан басталады делінеді. Дегенмен, мақалада бұл аймақтың тарихы тереңде екенін ашық көрсетіп жазылған. Аудан атауы 1868 жылы Рeceй импeрaтoры Aлeкcaндр II «Oрaл, Тoрғaй, Aқмoлa жәнe Ceмeй oблыcтaрын бacқaру жaйлы Уaқытшa Eрeжe» Жaрлығынa қoл қoйғaн кeзeңнeн бaстaу aлaды. XVIII ғасырда жергілікті аңыз-әңгімелерде «Ақсуат» сөзі қолданылғаны туралы әртүрлі деректер де кездеседі. Ақсуат ауданы батысындаАягөзжәнеЖармааудандарымен, солтүстігінде Көкпекті ауданымен, оңтүстігінде Үржар, Мақаншы аудандарымен менҚХРаумағымен, шығысында ШҚО-ның Тарбағатай ауданыменшектесiп жатыр. Орналасу аймағы тарихи, саяси, әлеуметтік тұрғыда маңызы бар аудан болғандықтан, әркезеңдегі өзгерістер, даму барысын қазіргі таңда да тақылау өзекті болып табылады. 1997 жылы 23 мамырда Ақсуат ауданы жойылып, оның аумағы Тарбағатай ауданына берілді. Қазақстан Республикасы Президентінің 2022 жылғы 3 мамырдағы No 887 Жарлығына сәйкес 2022 жылы 7 маусымда Ақсуат ауданы Тарбағатай ауданының құрамынан бөлініп, жеке аудан болып қайта құрылды.
RESEARCHING OF THE EPHTHALITE STATE BASED ON WESTERN SOURCES
Authors: Мukhazhanova Т.N. , Zhumagulov К.Т. , Sadykova R.О.
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of European written sources that prove the political and cultural aspects of the Hephthalite state -a state that existed in the early Middle Ages in modern Kazakhstan and Central Asia. Hephthalite or «White Huns» -a nomadic, military state that reached the imperial level. Currently, there is a need to study the issues of the go-political situation in Central Asia in the period before Islam, cultural exchange, political-economic relations, problems of ethnolinguistics based on sources and research, and as a result of this, it is necessary to form an objective approach. In Kazakhstaniscience there are virtually no research works devoted to studying the issue of the place and role of the Hephthalites in the Turkic world. Therefore, in the work the authors draw conclusions based on medieval European written sources, including sources inthe Vatican funds. In the Middle Ages, the Hephthalites, as a military-politically developing state in Central Asia, were able to culturally develop their economy and diplomatic relations. Participating in the ethno-confessional life of the living peoples, they were guided by the preservation of peace and harmony. The article focuses on the issue of tolerance; religious views already in that period became one of the main tools for the comprehensive development of the state. The development of cultural and spiritual ties, issues of ethnocultural exchange between the Ephthalite state and the peoples of Central Asia are considered from the point of view of a historical approach. The topic of the scientific article determines a specific aspect of the issue -the political role of cultural and spiritual ties between the Hephthalites and Turkic tribes. Issues of integration, historical significance, and influence on the acceptanceof new states and political associations into the political arena are considered. For example, the influence of the Hephthalites, who played an important role in the formation of the Avar tribal association, has been proven on the basis of written sources. The scientific research used systematic historical-comparative and comparative-typological methods, the use of which made it possible to obtain the most complete picture of the history of the Hephthalite state. The methodological basis of the study is the principles of historicism, the unity of national and universal values and the dialectical approach to the study of historical processes. In accordance with this point of view, in this study the history of the Hephthalite state is considered as a significant era in the history of the peoples of Central Asia. In addition, significant conclusions have been formulated on issues of Hephthalite culture and general problems for the Turkic peoples.
A RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL E CRIMINAL DAS EMPRESAS EM CASOS DE DANOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: Milhomens Leonardo Moreira Cavalcante Souza , Feller Thiago de Almeida
Published: October 2024

O objetivo geral do estudo consiste em analisar as responsabilidades civil e criminal das empresas, identificando lacunas, desafios e soluções que proporcionem proteção ambiental efetiva. Os objetivos específicos incluem revisão de teorias jurídicas correlatas, identificação de desafios no sistema jurídico brasileiro e constatação do impacto das políticas de responsabilização ambiental na promoção da sustentabilidade. Na pesquisa fora utilizada abordagem qualitativa e integrativa, baseadas na análise de estudos realizados no Google Scholar, selecionados por pertinência e atualidade. A responsabilidade civil das empresas por danos ambientais sustenta-se, principalmente, na teoria do risco integral, na teoria da responsabilidade objetiva e na teoria da culpa. No Brasil, prevalece a responsabilidade objetiva, refletida em leis ambientais, com a jurisprudência desempenhando um papel crucial em sua interpretação. A responsabilização penal de empresas é um avanço, apesar dos desafios práticos na sua aplicação. A conclusão do estudo destaca os desafios do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro na responsabilização de empresas por danos ambientais, com base nas teorias do risco integral e na responsabilidade objetiva. Embora a legislação seja robusta, há lacunas em sua aplicação prática, evidenciando a necessidade de aprimoramento contínuo para assegurar a proteção ambiental e a justiça ecológica.
O MOVIMENTO ANTIVACINAS DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: IMPACTOS, NARRATIVAS E IMPLICAÇÕES SOCIAIS
Authors: Lima Vanessa Lorena Macêdo , Lopes Junior Helio Marco Pereira , Silva Luana Guimarães da
Published: October 2024

A desinformação sobre vacinas, amplificada pelas redes sociais, tem sido um dos principais motores da hesitação vacinal. Fake news, que frequentemente incluem alegações infundadas sobre os riscos das vacinas, espalham-se rapidamente, influenciando negativamente a decisão de vacinar-se. O objeto deste estudo é descrever as diversas razões que levaram à consolidação do movimento antivacina entre os brasileiros e analisar as consequências dessa disseminação para a sociedade. Para alcançar esse objetivo geral, foram realizadas três etapas principais: a conceituação e descrição das vacinas, seguida de uma análise detalhada sobre o movimento antivacina e o papel da desinformação, e, por fim, a apresentação de uma análise crítica das causas subjacentes ao movimento antivacina no Brasil e suas implicações sociais. Os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foi uma pesquisa bibliográfica de natureza básica, com objetivos exploratórios e uma abordagem qualitativa. A desinformação, a desconfiança nas instituições, crenças pessoais e o medo de efeitos colaterais impulsionam a hesitação e a recusa vacinal. Além disso, o quadro evidencia as graves consequências sociais dessa postura, como o ressurgimento de doenças erradicadas, a sobrecarga do sistema de saúde, a polarização social e o impacto na saúde individual. É imprescindível que a sociedade adote uma abordagem pautada pelo pensamento complexo para compreender e lidar com as nuances dos desafios impostos pela desinformação no contexto da vacinação. Apenas ao promover um debate informado, com base em evidências científicas, será possível mitigar os impactos negativos da desinformação e fortalecer a resposta coletiva aos movimentos antivacina.
Penundaan Tahapan Pelaksanaan Pemilihan Kepala Daerah(Pilkada) Sebagai Dampak Covid-19 Dilihat Dari Aspek HukumKetatanegaraan
Authors: Esti Ningrum
Published: October 2024

Penundaan tahapan pelaksanaan pemilihan Kepala Daerah(Pilkada) sebagai dampak COVID-19 dilihat dari aspek hukumketatanegaraan telah mendapatan payung hukum yaitu PeraturanPemerintah Pengganti Undang-Undang (Perppu) Nomor 2 Tahun 2020tentang Perubahan Ketiga Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015tentang Penetapan Peraturan Pemerintah Pengganti Undang-UndangNomor 1 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemilihan Gubernur, Bupati dan WalikotaMenjadi Undang-Undang. Persiapan regulasi dalam mengantisipasipersoalan yang muncul dalam penundaan tahapan pelaksanaanpemilihan Kepala Daerah sebagai dampak COVID-19 telah diatur di dalamUndang-Undang Nomor 10 Tahun 2016 tentang Perubahan Kedua AtasUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2015 tentang Penetapan PeraturanPemerintah PenggantiUndang-Undang Nomor 1 Tahun 2014
Pertanggungjawaban Negara Terhadap Pencemaran Lintas BatasNegara (Studi Kasus: Kebakaran Hutan Di Indonesia Tahun 2019)
Authors: Bagas Ramadhan Putra  , Wahyu Hariadi  , Elly Kristiani Purwendah
Published: October 2024

Kabut asap akibat kebakaran hutan di Indonesia telah lamamelintasi perbatasan di Asia Tenggara. Masalah kabut asap masih tetapmenjadi agenda penting di ASEAN hingga sekarang. Kebakaran hutanmenyebabkan polusi dan berdampak pada wilayah negara lain sepertiMalaysia dan Singapura. ASEAN Agreement on Transboubdary HazePollution (AATHP) adalah salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kerja samadi tingkat regional dan sub-regional untuk mengatasi kebakaran hutan dikawasan ASEAN. Oleh karena itu, tanggung jawab negara adalah masalahpenting untuk dibahas di tingkat global. Metode penelitian adalah yuridisnormatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder sebagai data utamadan data primer sebagai data pendukung, deskriptif kualitatif digunakanuntuk melakukan analisis. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menjawabmasalah tanggung jawab Indonesia atas polusi.
Implementasi Beracara Secara Elektronik (E-Court) Dalam PerkaraPerdata
Authors: Aris Priyadi
Published: October 2024

Penerapan hukum acara perdata dalam pemeriksaanperkara saat ini terjadi pembaruan ke arah yang sudah harus mengakomodasiperkembangan hukum masyarakat. Pada saat ini Mahkamah Agung dalammelaksanakan salah satu fungsinya, yaitu fungsi pengaturan telah membuatbeberapa regulasi untuk mengisi kekosongan hukum terutama dalam masalahhukum acara perdata. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya kemajuanperkembangan teknologi terutama dibidang informatika serta keinginanmasyarakat dalam percepatan penyelesaian perkara. Oleh sebab ituMahkamah Agung menerbitkan beberapa peraturan Mahkamah Agung danberbagai petunjuk teknis lainnya yang mengatur praktik beracara dalamperkara perdata. Salah satu diantaranya adalah Peraturan Mahkamah AgungNomor 1 tahun 2019 tanggal 6 Agustus 2019 tentang Administrasi Perkara danPersidangan secara elektronik yang diikuti dengan Surat Keputusan KetuaMahkamah Agung Nomor : 129/KMA/SK/VIII/2019 tentang Petunjuk TeknisAdministrasi Perkara dan Persidangan di Pengadilan Secara Elektronik. DalamPersidangan secara elektronik (e-Court) mulai tahap pendaftaran sampaimemasukkan gugatan, jawaban, replik, duplik, kesimpulan dan putusandilakukan secara elektronik. Sedangkan mengenai pembayaran biaya perkaradilakukan secara elektronik melalui tata cara virtual account. Dengan tata carayang demikian diharapkan pemeriksaan perkara dapat berjalan sesuai asassederhana, cepat, biaya ringan. Akan tetapi pemeriksaan perkara perdata dipersidangan secara elektronik tidak bisa dilaksanakan apabila para pihak tidaksetuju dilaksanakannya pemeriksaan perkara perdata di persidangan secaraelektronik ( e-Court) hal tersebut sebagaimana diatur dalam Pasal 20 PermaNomor 1 tahun 2019, sehingga pemeriksaan berjalan seperti biasa dengantatap muka di muka sidang pengadilan atau dengan kata lain persidangansecara konvensional.
Pertanggungjawaban Tindak Pidana Korporasi Dalam BidangPerpajakan
Authors: Rusito  , Kaboel Suwardi
Published: October 2024

Melalui penulisan ini penulis melakukan telaah secarakritis dasar yuridis dari cakupan pidana dalam Undang-Undang No. 6Tahun1983 sebagaimana telah diubahterakhirdenganUndang-Undang No.16 Tahun 2009 tentang Ketentuan Umum dan Tata Cara Perpajakan (UUKUP)yang berfokus pada pertanggungjawaban pidana korporasi dan sanksipidana yang terkait dengan pelanggaran tindak pidana di bidangperpajakan. Penulisan ini diawali dengan pemaparan mengenaipertanggungjawaban pidana pada korporasi sebagai suatu prasyaratpemidanaan korporasi. Penulis menganalisis tindak pidana di bidangperpajakan yang diatur dalam UU KUP dalam hal subjek hukum yangdicakup oleh UU KUP dan sanksi pidana dalam hal terjadi pelanggarantindak pidana tersebut. Penulis menyimpulkan adanyaketidakkonsistenan dalam pertanggungjawaban pidana terhadapkorporasi dan sanksi pidananya yang diatur dalam Pasal 38, 39, dan 39AUU KUP. Penulis akhirnya memberikan beberapa saran untuk perbaikanundang-undang ini dalam aspek pertanggungjawaban pidana untukkorporasi dan sanksi pidananya.