bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pelatihan Kerajinan Tangan Dalam Upaya Memanfaatkan Peluang Bisnis Di Era Pandemi
Authors: Wulandari Try , Emilda Emilda , Lazuarni Shafiera
Published: September 2021

Abstract: The COVID-19 outbreak, which has been going on for about a year and a half, continues to harm the people and the Indonesian economy. Indonesia's economic activity is getting weaker and lowering the purchasing power of the Indonesian people. One of the prevention strategies implemented by the government is by limiting community mobility through work from home and also study from home for students. Since the enactment of this policy, students have more free time at home. Therefore, this PKM activity aims to introduce business opportunities that can be utilized by students. This free handicraft training hopes that the participants will maximize the training in making handicrafts and earn additional income during the pandemic. The target of this activity is students. Based on the results of the work made by the participants, this PKM activity can be said because the participants succeeded in making their respective works well in the first try. The handicrafts made have also met the expectations of the PKM team and can be said to be worthy of sale.Keywords: business opportunity, handicraft, mask connector Abstrak: Wabah covid-19 yang sudah berlangsung kurang lebih satu setengah tahun terakhir ini terus merugikan masyarakat dan perekonomian Indonesia. Aktivitas perekonomian Indonesia kian melemah dan menurunkan daya beli masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu strategi pencegahan yang diterapkan oleh pemerintah yaitu dengan cara membatasi mobilitas masyarakat melalui work from home dan juga study from home bagi para mahasiswa. Sejak diberlakukannya kebijakan ini, para mahasiswa memiliki lebih banyak waktu luang di rumah. Oleh karena itu, kegiatan PKM ini bertujuan untuk mengenalkan peluang bisnis yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh para mahasiswa. Pelatihan kerajinan tangan yang diberikan secara gratis ini mengharapkan para peserta nantinya akan memaksimalkan pelatihan membuat kerajinan tangan dan meraih penghasilan tambahan selama pandemi. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah para mahasiswa. Berdasarkan hasil karya yang dibuat oleh para peserta, kegiatan PKM ini dapat dikatakan karena para peserta berhasil membuat karyanya masing-masing dengan baik dalam percobaan pertama. Hasil kerajinan tangan yang dibuat pun sudah memenuhi harapan tim PKM dan dapat dikatakan layak untuk dijual.Kata kunci: kerajinan tangan; konektor masker; peluang bisnis
Some New Traveling Wave Solutions of Nonlinear Fluid Models via the MSE Method
Authors: BAKICIERLER Gizel , MISIRLI Emine
Published: September 2021

In this study, some new exact wave solutions of nonlinear partial differential equations are investigated by the modified simple equation method. This method is applied to the $(2+1)$-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation and the $(3+1)$-dimensional Jimbo-Miwa equation. Our applications reveal how to use the proposed method to solve nonlinear partial differential equations with the balance number equal to two. Consequently, some new exact traveling wave solutions of these equations are achieved, and types of waves are determined. To verify our results and draw the graphs of the solutions, we use the Mathematica package program.
PERAN GURU PAI DALAM MEMBENTUK KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK KELAS VII DI SMP MUHAMMADIYAH AMBON
Authors: Tranggano Maida
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to find out the role of PAI teachers in shaping the character of class learners VII SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors of PAI teachers in shaping the character of class learners VII in SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research. This research was conducted from September 22 to October 22, 2020. The subjects in the study were 1 principal and 1 PAI teacher, SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon. The research instruments used are observation sheets and interview guidelines. Data analysis uses data reduction, data presentation and inference. The results showed that Teachers of Islamic religious education in the formation of the character of class learners VII SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon has played a good role, where islamic education teachers have performed their role such as teachers as teachers, namely teachers of Islamic Religious Education has taught about honesty, discipline, manners and accuracy.

Keywords: The Role of PAI Teachers, Shaping The Character of Learners

ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat guru PAI dalam membentuk karakter peserta didik kelas VII di SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon. Tipe penelitian adalah penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari tanggal 22 September sampai dengan 22 Oktober 2020. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah 1 orang kepala sekolah dan 1 orang guru PAI, SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah lembar observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Analisis data menggunakan reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Guru pendidikan agama Islam dalam pembentukan karakter peserta didik kelas VII SMP Muhammadiyah Ambon sudah berperan cukup baik, dimana guru Pendidikan Agama Islam sudah melakukan peranannya seperti guru sebagai pengajar yakni guru Pendidikan Agama Islam telah mengajarkan tentang kejujuran, kedisiplinan, sopan-santun dan keteladanan.

Kata Kunci: Peran Guru PAI, Membentuk Karakter Peserta Didik
PERANCANGAN BRAND IDENTITY DAN MEDIA NAWTELLA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN BRAND AWARENESS
Authors: Alifia Annisa , Rahmadianto Sultan Arif , P Bintang Pramudya P
Published: September 2021

Peran UMKM dalam perekonomian Indonesia tak kalah penting dengan sektor-sektor industri lainnya. Data dari Kementrian Koperasi dan UMKM RI pada tahun 2017 melaporkan bahwa secara jumlah unit, UMKM memiliki pangsa sekitar 99,99% (62,9 juta unit) dari total keseluruhan pelaku usaha di Indonesia. (Haryanti dan Hidayah, 2018). Dengan diiringi kemajuan teknologi, para pengusaha UMKM menemukan kemudah untuk memulai dan mengembangkan usaha yang dimiliki. Nawtella adalah salah satu UMKM yang menjual produk makanan ringan akan tetapi perusahaannya masih kurang dikenali oleh masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, dilakukannya perancangan ini dengan menggunakan metode kualitatof. Hasil dari perancangan ini adalah logo, buku CIS, kemasan, serta konten untuk lama Instagram.
ANALISIS SENTIMEN PADA ULASAN APLIKASI VIDEO CONFERENCE MENGGUNAKAN NAIVE BAYES
Authors: Suhendra Michael , Swastika Windra , Subianto Mochamad
Published: September 2021

Video conference merupakan aplikasi yang memungkinkan pengguna untuk berkomunikasi, melakukan rapat, belajar dan berbagi informasi. Hingga saat ini, sudah banyak aplikasi video conference yang digunakan, seperti Zoom, Google Meet, dan Microsoft Teams. Tentunya disetiap aplikasi terdapat ulasan mengenai aplikasi yang digunakan. Dengan adanya ulasan, maka pengguna lain dapat mempertimbangkan dan mengetahui lebih jauh terkait aplikasi yang digunakan. Namun karena jumlah ulasan di internet sangat banyak, maka diperlukan analisis sentimen untuk dapat mengklasifikasikan ke dalam sentimen positif, netral, atau negatif. Pada penelitian ini, sebanyak 400 data ulasan setiap aplikasi diambil dari Play Store. Data ulasan tersebut menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia dan diambil berdasarkan versi aplikasi terbaru. Sebelum digunakan, data perlu dilabeli dan dilakukan preprocessing terlebih dahulu untuk dapat melakukan klasifikasi sentimen. Proses pengerjaannya menggunakan pembobotan kata TF-IDF, klasifikasi Naïve Bayes, dan confusion matrix sebagai bahan evaluasi. Nantinya data ulasan dari ketiga aplikasi tersebut akan diproses secara terpisah. Dari hasil pengujian analisis sentimen menggunakan 100 data uji, didapatkan perbandingan jumlah sentimen positif antara kelas aktual (55 ulasan Zoom, 52 ulasan Google Meet, dan 47 ulasan Microsoft Teams) dengan kelas prediksi (90 ulasan, 76 ulasan, dan 71 ulasan). Selain itu, juga didapatkan nilai akurasi rata-rata dari ketiga aplikasi sebesar 69%.
Minimal invasive procedures for the treatment of genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM). Un update
Authors: Zacharakis Dimitrios , Pitsouni Eleni , Grigoriadis Themos , Kalantzis Christos , Loutradis Dimitrios , Athanasiou Stavros
Published: September 2021

Genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is a new term for a condition more renowned as atrophic vaginitis. It is used to describe a variety of menopausal symptoms and signs that are related to the physical changes of the vulva, vagina and lower urinary tract. The etiology of GSM is secondary to decreased levels of endogenous estrogens and represents a common but underreported condition. In this update we present novel minimal invasive procedures that may benefit GSM symptoms making particular focus on platelet-rich plasma (PRP) treatment, hyaluronic acid (HA) treatment and energy-based devices (CO2 laser, YAG laser, radiofrequency device and high intensity focused ultrasounds). Currently, PRP has becoming popular as a non-operative treatment option for GSM symptoms. The principle underlying PRP treatment has to do with its ability to reproduce natural mechanisms of cell regeneration through the sequential secretion of numerous growth factors. Moreover, HA has been widely used as an important ingredient in topical hydrating and lubricating gels or injected for conditions such as dyspareunia. Lately, it has also been used as a new tool to treat age-related fat lysis of the female genitalia and especially the labia majora. Τhe Energy based devices have been recently suggested for the management of GSM. They utilize technologies such as laser, electromagnetic waves and high intensity focused ultrasounds to focus energy in the vaginal wall heating the targeted tissue at various depths without causing any pain or needing a recovery time. These minimal invasive procedures appear to be promising options for the treatment of GSM symptoms. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate more thoroughly the effectiveness and safety of these procedure and assess medium and long term results.
Penyuluhan Pemanfaatan Limbah Serbuk Gergajian Sebagai Bahan Papan Komposit
Authors: ST., MSc Salman Salman , Sulistyowati Emmy Dyah , Sayoga I Made Adi , Chatur Agus Dwi
Published: September 2021

Pengusaha pengolahan kayu perlu mengantisipasi kenaikan harga bahan baku kayu dengan mencari bahan baku alternatif. Salah satunya adalah papan komposit. Papan komposit menggunakan serbuk gergaji sebagai bahan utama komponen komposit.Di semua pabrik pengolahan kayu, para pengusaha meninggalkan tumpukan serbuk gergaji, terutama dari serutan dan gergajian.Oleh karena itu perlu adanya pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji menjadi bahan papan komposit melalui bakti sosial. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan membuat papan komposit dan memberikan penyuluhan langsung kepada mitra kerja terkait penggunaan serbuk gergaji dari pengolahan kayu.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN KONTEN MEDIA BERBASIS SEO TERKAIT INFORMASI LINGKUNGAN DI KAMPUNG IKLIM PURWOKELING SEMARANG
Authors: Indrayani Heni , Mukaromah Mukaromah , Hapsari Swita Amallia
Published: September 2021

AbstrakKepedulian lingkungan menjadi nilai yang digerakkan di wilayah RW X Program Kampung Iklim Bhakti Persada Indah Semarang. Di wilayah ini pernah terjadi terjadi kebakaran lereng sisi utara RT 05 dan RT 09 pada tahun 2008 dan 2015 sehingga warga aktif melakukan beragam program lingkungan yang dikemas dalam Program Iklim Purwoyoso Kepedulian Lingkungan. Kepedulian lingkungan inilah yang menjadi konten publikasi agar dapat dicontoh wilayah lainnya. Namun, publikasi kegiatan hingga Maret 2020 masih berfokus pada publikasi media cetak saja sehingga jangkauannya kurang luas. Sedangkan publikasi secara online masih belum optimal dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pelatihan pemanfaatan SEO sebagai komunikasi online Program Kampung Iklim Bhakti Persada Indah Semarang. Hasil dari pengabdian masyarakat adalah penulisan release untuk berita online yang berdasarkan cara mengoptimalkan kata kunci di mesin pencari. SEO memungkinkan konten lingkungan dari Proklim Purwokeling sebagai publikasi online muncul di daftar hasil teratas mesin pencari. Pelatihan untuk memanfaatkan SEO sebagai komunikasi online Program Kampung Iklim Purwokeling Bhakti Persada Indah Semarang dengan membuat konten yang menarik dan tepat bisa semakin menarik masyarakat untuk lebih peduli dengan lingkungan dan menginspirasi melakukan hal yang sama demi keberlanjutan ekosistem Kata kunci: Pelatihan penulisan online, Program Kampung Iklim, Proklim Purwokeling BPI, Search Engine Optimization (SEO)
Pelatihan Query Excel Untuk Pengelolaan Data Administrasi Kependidikan Pada TK. Isriati Baiturahman 1 Pandanaran Semarang
Authors: Kurniawan Achmad Wahid , Widjajanto Budi
Published: September 2021

Pengelolaan data administrasi pada TK. Isriati Baiturahman 1 Pandanaran Semarang semakin komplek seiring bertambahnya jumlah siswa yang belajar di sekolah ini, data alumni juga termuat di dalam data administrasi sekolah. Pemakaian data administrasi memiliki banyak fungsi seperti akreditasi, pelaporan data ke dinas pendidikan, history data alumni. Selama ini pengolahan data untuk kegiatan administrasi sekolah sebagian besar sudah dilakukan dengan bantuan micosoft excel , proses penyaringan data masih menggunakan fungsi sort and filter . Fungsi ini bersifat mengurutkan berdasarkan kolom tertentu namun untuk mendapatkan kelompok data tertentu belum bisa sesuai dengan pencarian data secara efektif. Solusi yang dilakukan  adalah dengan menggunakan fungsi query tabel, hasil dari pelatihan yaitu para guru mampu melakukan pengelompokan data administrasi kependidikan berdasarkan filter tertentu serta semakin mudah memetakkan data kepndidikan pada kondisi tertentu
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practical Using of Filtration Tool in Woman Farmer Group at Tanjung Mas Semarang
Authors: Aryani Lenci , Hartini Eko , Rimawati Eti
Published: September 2021

The Tunas Bahagia farmer woman group in RW 9 Tanjung Mas Village is on of the which is still acute in house in produces area provides food production. Problem with KWT, lack of close water sources and improve the quality of water sources for irrigationon agricultural land. Group knowledge some of the woman farmers do not understand about the content of the media and the placement of the filtration device, group attitude women against filtration devices have shown positive and participants can practice the tools. Fitration on the land area of the female farmer group is very good. It is necessary to have education in a sustainable manner for the use of filtration equipment in addition to watering can also used for household needs. Empowerment of women farmer group is also important improved.
A ASCENSÃO DO OCIDENTE REPRESENTOU A ASCENSÃO DA LIBERDADE E DA OPULÊNCIA
Authors:   The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, HIGGS Robert , PESSOA Marcelo ,   UEMG - Universidade do Estado de Minas Gerais
Published: September 2021

The US exit from Afghanistan in 2021, at the same time as it haunted the world, rekindled the memory of the historically experienced differences between East and West. Out of the commonplace that the COVID-19 Pandemic makes China focus on the sanitary, military, political and economic protagonism of geopolitical ruptures, the rest of Asia, for most Westerners, sounds like a territory prone to exoticism, archaism and , to some extent, to international terrorism. With the exception of India in terms of tensions, it is from much of this Middle, Near and Far East that many of the financial turmoil arise. Therefore, in a context in which the global economic recovery assumes a relevant role in the post-COVID-19 period, reading, understanding and commenting on Mr. Higgs' texts does not only contemplate an editorial objective, but, above all, given the themes of the select corpus, it brings with it sociocultural justification and, without a doubt, results in unmistakable scientific merit (N. do E.).
A. MUKTI ALI'S THINKING IN INDONESIAN ISLAMIC EDUCATION POLICY
Authors: Zuhri Faisal
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this study is to describe the implications of Mukti Ali's thinking in Islamic education policies in Indonesia. This study uses a qualitative method of literature. This study concludes that Mukti Ali's policy thinking includes: a) Improving Islamic educational institutions, b) Modernizing Islamic boarding schools, c) Reforming Islamic higher education institutions or state Islamic religious institutes, d) IAINing the quality of education. Mukti Ali used an integral and interdepamental approach in determining Islamic education policies while serving as Minister of Religion. The 3 ministerial decree issued during the time of the minister of religion Mukti Ali was developed in 1986 through the MAN-PK pilot project, so that Islamic education, especially madrasas, began to appear. In the following year, UUSPN No. 2 of 1989 until UUSPN No. 20 of 2003 became the basis for policies that emphasized that religious education had the right to be received by every student at the elementary, secondary and tertiary levels.

Keywords: thoughts, educational policies, Islamic educational institutions.

 PEMIKIRAN A. MUKTI ALI DALAM KEBIJAKAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM INDONESIA

Abstrak

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskribsikan implikasi pemikiran Mukti Ali dalam kebijakan pendidikan Islam di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif kepustakaan.  Penelitian ini menympulkan bahwa pemikiran kebijakan Mukti Ali meliputi: a) Pembenahan lembaga pendidikan islam, b) Modernisasi lembaga pesantren, c) Pembenahan lembaga pendidikan tinggi Islam atau institut agama Islam negeri, d) Peningkatan mutu pendidikan IAIN. Mukti Ali menggunakan pendekatan integral dan interdepamental dalam menentukan kebijakan pendidikan islam selama menjabat Menteri Agama. SKB 3 menteri yang diterbitkan pada masa menteri agama Mukti Ali dikembangkan pada tahun 1986 melalui pilot projet MAN-PK, sehingga pendidikan Islam khususnya madrasah mulai nampak perkembangannya. Pada tahun selanjutnya dikeluarkan UUSPN No. 2 Tahun 1989 sampai pada UUSPN No.20 Tahun 2003 menjadi landasan kebijakan yang menekankan bahwa pendidikan agama berhak diterima oleh setiap peserta didik baik ditingkat dasar, menengah dan perguruan tinggi.

kata kunci: pemikiran, kebijakan pendidikan, lembaga pendidikan Islam
Imaging of α-Synuclein Aggregates in a Rat Model of Parkinson’s Disease Using Raman Microspectroscopy
Authors: Sevgi Fide , Brauchle Eva M. , Carvajal Berrio Daniel A. , Schenke-Layland Katja , Casadei Nicolas , Salker Madhuri S. , Riess Olaf , Singh Yogesh
Published: September 2021

A hallmark of Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the formation of Lewy bodies in the brain. Lewy bodies are rich in the aggregated form of misfolded α-Synuclein (α-Syn). The brain from PD patients can only be analyzed after postmortem, therefore, limiting the diagnosis of PD to the manifestation of motor symptoms. In PD patients and animal models, phosphorylated α-Syn was detected in the peripheral tissues including the gut, thus, raising the hypothesis that early-stage PD could be diagnosed based on colon tissue biopsies. Non-invasive marker-free technologies represent ideal methods to potentially detect aggregated α-Syn in vivo. Raman microspectroscopy has been established for the detection of molecular changes such as alterations of protein structures. Using Raman imaging and microspectroscopy, we analyzed the olfactory bulb in the brain and the muscularis mucosae of colon tissue sections of a human BAC-SNCA transgenic (TG) rat model. Raman images from TG and WT rats were investigated using principal component analysis (PCA) and true component analysis (TCA). Spectral components indicated protein aggregates (spheroidal oligomers) in the TG rat brain and in the colon tissues even at a young age but not in WT. In summary, we have demonstrated that Raman imaging is capable of detecting α-Syn aggregates in colon tissues of a PD rat model and making it a promising tool for future use in PD pathology.
Characteristics and Clinical Implications of the Nasal Microbiota in Extranodal NK/T-Cell Lymphoma, Nasal Type
Authors: Shi Zhuangzhuang , Li Xin , Wang Xinhua , Zhang Lei , Li Ling , Fu Xiaorui , Sun Zhenchang , Li Zhaoming , Zhang Xudong , Zhang Mingzhi
Published: September 2021

Natural killer/T cell lymphoma (NKTCL) most frequently affects the nasal cavity and upper aerodigestive tract (UAT) and is often mistaken for reactive disease processes, such as chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). Recently, alterations of the nasal resident microbiota have been found in CRS. However, nasal microbial features in NKTCL have never been reported. This case-control study collected 46 NKTCL patients, 25 CRS patients and 24 matched healthy controls (HCs) to analyze nasal microbial profiles via 16S rRNA sequencing technology to improve our understanding of changes in the nasal microbiota in NKTCL. We found that alpha diversity was significantly decreased, while beta diversity was significantly increased in NKTCL compared with those in CRS and HCs. The genus Corynebacterium was significantly depleted in CRS and NKTCL versus that in HCs, while genus Staphylococcus was the most abundant in the NKTCL compared to that in the other two groups. The nasal microbial community was significantly different between UAT-NKTCL and non-UAT NKTCL patients. Importantly, based on a panel of taxa, excellent classification power with an AUC of 0.875 between UAT-NKTCL and CRS was achieved. Furthermore, the alpha diversity of the nasal microbiota was associated with several clinical covariates of NKTCL. Finally, PICRUSt analysis implicated an array of distinct functions in NKTCL that might be involved in the pathogenesis of the disease. In conclusion, the nasal microbial profile was unique in NKTCL. The nose-microbiota-UAT NKTCL axis represents a panel of promising biomarkers for clinical practice and contributes to revealing the potential pathogenesis of this malignancy.
S100B Inhibition Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Diarrhea Severity During Clostridioides difficile Infection by Modulating Inflammatory Response
Authors: Costa Deiziane V. S. , Moura-Neto Vivaldo , Bolick David T. , Guerrant Richard L. , Fawad Jibraan A. , Shin Jae H. , Medeiros Pedro H. Q. S. , Ledwaba Solanka E. , Kolling Glynis L. , Martins Conceição S. , Venkataraman Venkat , Warren Cirle A. , Brito Gerly A. C.
Published: September 2021

The involvement of the enteric nervous system, which is a source of S100B, in Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection (CDI) is poorly understood although intestinal motility dysfunctions are known to occur following infection. Here, we investigated the role of S100B in CDI and examined the S100B signaling pathways activated in C. difficile toxin A (TcdA)- and B (TcdB)-induced enteric glial cell (EGC) inflammatory response. The expression of S100B was measured in colon tissues and fecal samples of patients with and without CDI, as well as in colon tissues from C. difficile-infected mice. To investigate the role of S100B signaling in IL-6 expression induced by TcdA and TcdB, rat EGCs were used. Increased S100B was found in colonic biopsies from patients with CDI and colon tissues from C. difficile-infected mice. Patients with CDI-promoted diarrhea exhibited higher levels of fecal S100B compared to non-CDI cases. Inhibition of S100B by pentamidine reduced the synthesis of IL-1β, IL-18, IL-6, GMCSF, TNF-α, IL-17, IL-23, and IL-2 and downregulated a variety of NFκB-related genes, increased the transcription (SOCS2 and Bcl-2) of protective mediators, reduced neutrophil recruitment, and ameliorated intestinal damage and diarrhea severity in mice. In EGCs, TcdA and TcdB upregulated S100B-mediated IL-6 expression via activation of RAGE/PI3K/NFκB. Thus, CDI appears to upregulate colonic S100B signaling in EGCs, which in turn augment inflammatory response. Inhibition of S100B activity attenuates the intestinal injury and diarrhea caused by C. difficile toxins. Our findings provide new insight into the role of S100B in CDI pathogenesis and opens novel avenues for therapeutic interventions.
The Role of Private Environmental Governance in Climate Adaptation
Authors: Vandenbergh Michael P. , Johnson Bruce M.
Published: September 2021

This Article examines the role of private environmental governance (PEG) in climate change adaptation. PEG occurs when private organizations perform traditionally governmental functions such as providing public goods and reducing negative externalities. PEG initiatives that target climate change mitigation have expanded rapidly in the last decade and have been the subject of research in multiple fields, but PEG initiatives that target climate change adaptation have received less attention. As a first step, the Article develops a definition of private governance regarding climate adaption, identifies several types of PEG adaptation initiatives, and briefly identifies research gaps.
Association of Advanced Glycation End Products With Lower-Extremity Atherosclerotic Disease in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ying Lingwen , Shen Yun , Zhang Yang , Wang Yikun , Liu Yong , Yin Jun , Wang Yufei , Yin Jingrong , Zhu Wei , Bao Yuqian , Zhou Jian
Published: September 2021

Aims: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) were reported to be correlated with the development of diabetes, as well as diabetic vascular complications. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the association between AGEs and lower-extremity atherosclerotic disease (LEAD).

Methods: A total of 1,013 type 2 diabetes patients were enrolled. LEAD was measured through color Doppler ultrasonography. The non-invasive skin autofluorescence method was performed for AGEs measurement. Considering that age plays an important role in both AGEs and LEAD, age-combined AGEs, i.e., AGEage index (define as AGEs × age/100) was used for related analysis.

Results: The overall prevalence of LEAD was 48.9% (495/1,013). Patients with LEAD showed a significantly higher AGEage (p < 0.001), and the prevalence of LEAD increased with ascending AGEage levels (p for trend < 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that AGEage was significantly positively associated with risk of LEAD, and the odds ratios of presence of LEAD across quartiles of AGEage were 1.00, 1.72 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.14–2.61], 2.72 (95% CI = 1.76–4.22), 4.29 (95% CI = 2.69–6.85) for multivariable-adjusted model (both p for trend < 0.001), respectively. The results were similar among patients of different sexes, body mass index, and with or without diabetes family history. Further, AGEage presented a better predictive value for LEAD than glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), with its sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of 75.5% (95% CI = 71.6–79.2%), 59.3% (95% CI = 54.9–63.6%), and 0.731 (0.703–0.758), respectively.

Conclusion: AGEage, the non-invasive measured skin AGEs combined with age, seems to be a more promising approach than HbA1c in identifying patient at high risk of LEAD.
Olanzapine: Association Between a Typical Antipsychotic Drug and Aortic Calcification
Authors: Zhang Chao , Zheng Dongdong , Feng Weijing , Zhang Huanji , Han Feng , He Wanbing , Liu Aiting , Huang Hui , Chen Jie
Published: September 2021

Aims: This study concentrates on the relationship between antipsychotic drugs (APDs) and aortic calcification.

Methods: All 56 patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups according to aortic calcification index. APD equivalent dose was calculated via defined daily doses method.

Results: In schizophrenia patients with higher aortic calcification index scores, APD equivalent doses were lower. APD equivalent dose was negatively related to aortic calcification index. Although equivalent APD dose in patients without olanzapine treatment was negatively related to aortic calcification index, it seems that equivalent APD dose did not associate with aortic calcification.

Conclusion: Aortic calcification is negatively associated with APD dose in schizophrenia patients. Olanzapine seems to be vital to the relationship between aortic calcification and APD treatment.
MONTI: A Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor Decomposition Framework for Gene-Level Integrative Analysis
Authors: Jung Inuk , Kim Minsu , Rhee Sungmin , Lim Sangsoo , Kim Sun
Published: September 2021

Multi-omics data is frequently measured to enrich the comprehension of biological mechanisms underlying certain phenotypes. However, due to the complex relations and high dimension of multi-omics data, it is difficult to associate omics features to certain biological traits of interest. For example, the clinically valuable breast cancer subtypes are well-defined at the molecular level, but are poorly classified using gene expression data. Here, we propose a multi-omics analysis method called MONTI (Multi-Omics Non-negative Tensor decomposition for Integrative analysis), which goal is to select multi-omics features that are able to represent trait specific characteristics. Here, we demonstrate the strength of multi-omics integrated analysis in terms of cancer subtyping. The multi-omics data are first integrated in a biologically meaningful manner to form a three dimensional tensor, which is then decomposed using a non-negative tensor decomposition method. From the result, MONTI selects highly informative subtype specific multi-omics features. MONTI was applied to three case studies of 597 breast cancer, 314 colon cancer, and 305 stomach cancer cohorts. For all the case studies, we found that the subtype classification accuracy significantly improved when utilizing all available multi-omics data. MONTI was able to detect subtype specific gene sets that showed to be strongly regulated by certain omics, from which correlation between omics types could be inferred. Furthermore, various clinical attributes of nine cancer types were analyzed using MONTI, which showed that some clinical attributes could be well explained using multi-omics data. We demonstrated that integrating multi-omics data in a gene centric manner improves detecting cancer subtype specific features and other clinical features, which may be used to further understand the molecular characteristics of interest. The software and data used in this study are available at: https://github.com/inukj/MONTI.
Identification of Potential Prognostic Biomarker for Predicting Survival in Multiple Myeloma Using Bioinformatics Analysis and Experiments
Authors: Zhou Jian , Zhang Menghui , Zhang Yan , Shi Xi , Liu Linlin , Yao Ruosi
Published: September 2021

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a malignant disease of plasma cells, which remains incurable because of its unclear mechanism and drug resistance. Herein, we aimed to explore new biomarkers and therapeutic targets in MM. After screening differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in GSE6477 and GSE13591 dataset, we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs using DAVID online database. The results indicated that the downregulated DEGs were mainly enriched in the immune-associated biological process. The protein–protein interaction network was constructed by STRING database, on which we performed module analysis and identified key genes. Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that RRM2 could be a novel biomarker in MM diagnosis. We further confirmed that novel RRM2 inhibitor osalmid inhibited MM cell proliferation and triggered cell cycle S phase arrest. Targeting RRM2 was expected to develop new therapeutic strategies for malignant MM.
A Novel Treatment for Ewing’s Sarcoma: Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T Cell Therapy
Authors: Lin Zili , Wu Ziyi , Luo Wei
Published: September 2021

Ewing’s sarcoma (EWS) is a malignant and aggressive tumor type that predominantly occurs in children and adolescents. Traditional treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, while successful in the early disease stages, are ineffective in patients with metastases and relapses who often have poor prognosis. Therefore, new treatments for EWS are needed to improve patient’s outcomes. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells therapy, a novel adoptive immunotherapy, has been developing over the past few decades, and is increasingly popular in researches and treatments of various cancers. CAR-T cell therapy has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of leukemia and lymphoma. Recently, this therapeutic approach has been employed for solid tumors including EWS. In this review, we summarize the safety, specificity and clinical transformation of the treatment targets of EWS, and point out the directions for further research.
Augmented Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses Under Conditions of Diabetes–Filariasis Comorbidity
Authors: Sibi Joy Manohar , Mohan Viswanathan , Munisankar Saravanan , Babu Subash , Aravindhan Vivekanandhan
Published: September 2021

Metainflammation, as seen in chronic diabetes subjects, impairs immunity and increases the susceptibility to infections. In the present study, the effect of diabetes on immune response against filariasis was studied. Both toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated and crude antigen-induced immune responses were quantified, in whole blood cultures from filariasis-infected subjects (LF+), with and without diabetes. Blood cultures were stimulated with TLR ligands (TLR2 and TLR4) or filarial antigen or were left unstimulated (control) for 18 h. Cytokine, chemokine, and defensin secretion was quantified by ELISA. Expression of HLA-DR, B7-1, B7-2, activation marker (CD69), and Th (Th1, Th2, Th17, and Th9) phenotypes was quantified by flow cytometry. Expression of immunomodulatory effectors (Cox-2, HO-1, IDO-1, and p47Phox) and Th-polarizing transcription factors (T-bet, GATA3, and ROR-γt) was quantified by quantitative PCR. Secretion of IL-27, IL-1Ra, IL-12, IL-33, IL-9, and SDF-1 was increased under diabetes conditions with increased Th9 polarization and increased expression of Cox-2 and IDO. Overall, diabetes was found to augment both TLR-mediated and antigen-induced inflammation, which can promote chronic pathology in LF+ subjects.
Deficiency of eIF4B Increases Mouse Mortality and Impairs Antiviral Immunity
Authors: Chen Biao , Chen Yuhai , Rai Kul Raj , Wang Xuefei , Liu Shasha , Li Yingying , Xiao Meng , Ma Yun , Wang Guoqing , Guo Guijie , Huang Shile , Chen Ji-Long
Published: September 2021

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (eIF4B) plays an important role in mRNA translation initiation, cell survival and proliferation in vitro. However, its function in vivo is poorly understood. Here, we identified that eIF4B knockout (KO) in mice led to embryonic lethality, and the embryos displayed severe liver damage. Conditional KO (CKO) of eIF4B in adulthood profoundly increased the mortality of mice, characterized by severe pathological changes in several organs and reduced number of peripheral blood lymphocytes. Strikingly, eIF4B CKO mice were highly susceptible to viral infection with severe pulmonary inflammation. Selective deletion of eIF4B in lung epithelium also markedly promoted replication of influenza A virus (IAV) in the lung of infected animals. Furthermore, we observed that eIF4B deficiency significantly enhanced the expression of several important inflammation-associated factors and chemokines, including serum amyloid A1 (Saa1), Marco, Cxcr1, Ccl6, Ccl8, Ccl20, Cxcl2, Cxcl17 that are implicated in recruitment and activation of neutrophiles and macrophages. Moreover, the eIF4B-deficient mice exhibited impaired natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity during the IAV infection. Collectively, the results reveal that eIF4B is essential for mouse survival and host antiviral responses, and establish previously uncharacterized roles for eIF4B in regulating normal animal development and antiviral immunity in vivo.
HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies Expressed as IgG3 Preserve Neutralization Potency and Show Improved Fc Effector Function
Authors: Richardson Simone I. , Ayres Frances , Manamela Nelia P. , Oosthuysen Brent , Makhado Zanele , Lambson Bronwen E. , Morris Lynn , Moore Penny L.
Published: September 2021

The ability of several broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) to protect against HIV infection is enhanced through Fc receptor binding. Antibody isotype modulates this effect, with IgG3 associated with improved HIV control and vaccine efficacy. We recently showed that an IgG3 variant of bNAb CAP256-VRC26.25 exhibited more potent neutralization and phagocytosis than its IgG1 counterpart. Here, we expanded this analysis to include additional bNAbs targeting all major epitopes. A total of 15 bNAbs were expressed as IgG1 or IgG3, and pairs were assessed for neutralization potency against the multi-subtype global panel of 11 HIV strains. Binding to the neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) and Fcγ receptors were measured using ELISA and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and phagocytosis were measured using infectious viruses and global panel Env SOSIP trimers, respectively. IgG3 bNAbs generally showed similar or increased (up to 60 fold) neutralization potency than IgG1 versions, though the effect was virus-specific. This improvement was statistically significant for CAP256-VRC26.25, 35022, PGT135 and CAP255.G3. IgG3 bNAbs also showed significantly improved binding to FcγRIIa which correlated with enhanced phagocytosis of all trimeric Env antigens. Differences in ADCC were epitope-specific, with IgG3 bNAbs to the MPER, CD4 binding site and gp120-gp41 interface showing increased ADCC. We also explored the pH dependence of IgG1 and IgG3 variants for FcRn binding, as this determines the half-life of antibodies. We observed reduced pH dependence, associated with shorter half-lives for IgG3 bNAbs, with κ-light chains. However, IgG3 bNAbs that use λ-light chains showed similar pH dependence to their IgG1 counterparts. This study supports the manipulation of the constant region to improve both the neutralizing and Fc effector activity of bNAbs, and suggests that IgG3 versions of bNAbs may be preferable for passive immunity given their polyfunctionality.
Archaeosomes and Gas Vesicles as Tools for Vaccine Development
Authors: Adamiak Natalia , Krawczyk Krzysztof T. , Locht Camille , Kowalewicz-Kulbat Magdalena
Published: September 2021

Archaea are prokaryotic organisms that were classified as a new domain in 1990. Archaeal cellular components and metabolites have found various applications in the pharmaceutical industry. Some archaeal lipids can be used to produce archaeosomes, a new family of liposomes that exhibit high stability to temperatures, pH and oxidative conditions. Additionally, archaeosomes can be efficient antigen carriers and adjuvants promoting humoral and cellular immune responses. Some archaea produce gas vesicles, which are nanoparticles released by the archaea that increase the buoyancy of the cells and facilitate an upward flotation in water columns. Purified gas vesicles display a great potential for bioengineering, due to their high stability, immunostimulatory properties and uptake across cell membranes. Both archaeosomes and archaeal gas vesicles are attractive tools for the development of novel drug and vaccine carriers to control various diseases. In this review we discuss the current knowledge on production, preparation methods and potential applications of archaeosomes and gas vesicles as carriers for vaccines. We give an overview of the traditional structures of these carriers and their modifications. A comparative analysis of both vaccine delivery systems, including their advantages and limitations of their use, is provided. Gas vesicle- and archaeosome-based vaccines may be powerful next-generation tools for the prevention and treatment of a wide variety of infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Could Artificial Downwelling/Upwelling Mitigate Oceanic Deoxygenation in Western Subarctic North Pacific?
Authors: Xiao Canbo , Fan Wei , Chen Ying , Zhang Yao , Tang Kai , Jiao Nianzhi
Published: September 2021

Subpolar gyre regions such as the Western Subarctic North Pacific (WSNP) contain sluggish, low-oxygen water, and are threatened by loss of oxygen (deoxygenation). Our simulations under RCP 8.5 emission scenario suggest that installing pipes to induce artificial downwelling and upwelling (AD and AU) provides short-term solutions to combat deoxygenation in the WSNP. With no engineering, the WSNP's subsurface oxygen decreases by 30–100 mmol/m3 by the year 2100. Continuous implementation of AD and AU instead counters this declining trend, and AD is more effective than AU. The oxygenation effect is primarily a consequence of how the two engineering schemes vertically redistribute oxygen via physical processes. AD directly improves oxygen at depth via advecting surface water toward the ocean interior and subsequent enhanced pycnocline mixing, and AU does so via generating compensatory downwelling outside of the pipes. Both schemes take near 40 years to complete the oxygenation. After that, oxygen reaches a new equilibrium state in the WSNP with no further improvement by the engineering. AD and AU both strongly increase primary production surrounding the deployment sites, but lead only to weak enhancement of aerobic respiration in subsurface water and thus a minor impact on the oxygenation. Other unwanted environmental side effects are negligible compared to those caused by rapid climate change within this century, including outgassing of carbon dioxide, pH decrease, and precipitation reduction.
The Persistent Transboundary Problem in Marine Natural Resource Management
Authors: Liu Owen R. , Molina Renato
Published: September 2021

Shared natural resources are vulnerable to overexploitation. Countries have established national borders on land and exclusive economic zones (EEZs) in the world's oceans in part to better control exploitation of local resources, but transboundary resources—those that span multiple national jurisdictions—are still subject to incentives for overextraction. We investigate the magnitude and distribution of this “transboundary problem” as it manifests in global fisheries. We show that internationally-shared fisheries exhibit lower relative abundance, on average, than those contained in single EEZs, even in the presence of extraction agreements and modern management practices. Additionally, for the first time we show that the degree of sharing—the number of countries sharing a resource and the spatial balance of each country's share—matters in driving the severity of the transboundary problem. Alleviating the transboundary problem for the fisheries we investigate would result in an estimated 4 to 17 million metric tons more fish in the ocean. In the future, growing human demand and climate change will likely exacerbate pressures on transboundary resources, requiring coordinated international governance solutions.
Integrated Assessment of Ocean Acidification Risks to Pteropods in the Northern High Latitudes: Regional Comparison of Exposure, Sensitivity and Adaptive Capacity
Authors: Bednaršek Nina , Naish Kerry-Ann , Feely Richard A. , Hauri Claudine , Kimoto Katsunori , Hermann Albert J. , Michel Christine , Niemi Andrea , Pilcher Darren
Published: September 2021

Exposure to the impact of ocean acidification (OA) is increasing in high-latitudinal productive habitats. Pelagic calcifying snails (pteropods), a significant component of the diet of economically important fish, are found in high abundance in these regions. Pteropods have thin shells that readily dissolve at low aragonite saturation state (Ωar), making them susceptible to OA. Here, we conducted a first integrated risk assessment for pteropods in the Eastern Pacific subpolar gyre, the Gulf of Alaska (GoA), Bering Sea, and Amundsen Gulf. We determined the risk for pteropod populations by integrating measures of OA exposure, biological sensitivity, and resilience. Exposure was based on physical-chemical hydrographic observations and regional biogeochemical model outputs, delineating seasonal and decadal changes in carbonate chemistry conditions. Biological sensitivity was based on pteropod morphometrics and shell-building processes, including shell dissolution, density and thickness. Resilience and adaptive capacity were based on species diversity and spatial connectivity, derived from the particle tracking modeling. Extensive shell dissolution was found in the central and western part of the subpolar gyre, parts of the Bering Sea, and Amundsen Gulf. We identified two distinct morphotypes:L. helicina helicinaandL. helicina pacifica, with high-spired and flatter shells, respectively. Despite the presence of different morphotypes, genetic analyses based on mitochondrial haplotypes identified a single species, without differentiation between the morphological forms, coinciding with evidence of widespread spatial connectivity. We found that shell morphometric characteristics depends on omega saturation state (Ωar); under Ωardecline, pteropods build flatter and thicker shells, which is indicative of a certain level of phenotypic plasticity. An integrated risk evaluation based on multiple approaches assumes a high risk for pteropod population persistence with intensification of OA in the high latitude eastern North Pacific because of their known vulnerability, along with limited evidence of species diversity despite their connectivity and our current lack of sufficient knowledge of their adaptive capacity. Such a comprehensive understanding would permit improved prediction of ecosystem change relevant to effective fisheries resource management, as well as a more robust foundation for monitoring ecosystem health and investigating OA impacts in high-latitudinal habitats.
Epidemiology and Risk Factors in Non-infectious Uveitis: A Systematic Review
Authors: Joltikov Katherine A. , Lobo-Chan Ann-Marie
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Non-infectious uveitis is a leading cause of vision loss in the developed world. The purpose of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiology and risk factors of non-infectious uveitis over the last 50 years.

Methods: A systematic literature search of Pubmed/MEDLINE database was performed in the 50-year period from January 1971 to January 2021, according to the PRISMA guidelines. Studies that assessed the epidemiology and risk factors for non-infectious uveitis were included.

Results: Few epidemiologic studies focus specifically on non-infectious uveitis. In the Unites States, the estimated prevalence of non-infectious uveitis is 121/100,000. The incidence and prevalence varies considerably worldwide. Females and the working age group (20–50 years) appear to be the most affected. Smoking and vitamin D deficiency are the biggest risk factors for non-infectious uveitis, while pregnancy appears to be protective. Additional risk factors include presence of other autoimmune diseases (thyroid disease, diabetes, celiac), pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, psychological stress, and certain medications (bisphosphonates, immune checkpoint inhibitors, female hormone therapy, and etanercept).

Discussion: Our systematic review summarizes the incidence and prevalence of non-infectious uveitis and associated modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.