bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effective recovery of Ti as anatase nanoparticles from waste red mud via a coupled leaching and boiling route
Authors: Qu Zhan , Liu Jiancong , Su Ting , Zhu Suiyi , Liu Junzhen , Chen Yusen
Published: May 2023

Red mud (RM) a solid waste generated by the bauxite smelting industry, is a rich source of metal resources, especially Ti, and its recycling can bring significant environmental and economic benefits. In this study, precious metal Ti was efficiently recovered from red mud using a coupled acid leaching and boiling route for the effective separation of low-value metals. The red mud which contained mainly 10.69% Si, 12.1% Al, 15.2% Ca, 10.99% Fe, and 4.37% Ti, was recovered in five steps. First, a nitric acid solution was used to leach the metals in multiple stages, resulting in an acidic leach solution with high concentrations of Fe, Al, Ti, and Ca ions 2.7 g/L, 4.7 g/L, 5.43 g/L, and 1.8 g/L, respectively. Then, a small amount of sucrose was added as a catalyst to recover Ti from the leach solution under hydrothermal conditions, resulting in the targeted recovery of 98.6% of Ti in the form of high-purity anatase while Fe, Al, and Ca remained in the solution. Next, the Fe in solution was separated as hematite products at a temperature of 110°C and a reaction time of 4 h. Similarly, the Al in the solution was separated and precipitated as boehmite by heating it at 260°C for a reaction time of 20 h. Finally, the remaining Ca in solution was recovered by simple pH regulation. Economic accounting assessment showed that the method yields $101.06 for 1 t of red mud treated, excluding labor costs. This study provides a novel approach to recover precious metals from metal wastes through the whole process resource recovery of solid waste red mud.
In vivo anticoccidial activity and immune response of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves against Eimeria magna and Eimeria media in rabbits
Authors: Konmy Basile , Olounladé Pascal Abiodoun , Adjobimey Tomabu , Dansou Christian Cocou , Adoho Akouavi Carine Chimène , Tchetan Esaïe , Alowanou Georcelin Goué , Azando Erick Virgile Bertrand , Adjanohoun Adolphe , Doko Allou Sanni-yo , Baba-Moussa Lamine
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The aims of this study were to determine the immune response and the anticoccidial activity induced by Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina leaves in rabbits infected with Eimeria magna and Eimeria media.

Methods

Thirty-five-day-old rabbits, free from coccidia, were infested with 2.103 oocysts of Eimeria magna and Eimeria media, then received the acetone extract of the leaves of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at different doses by oral gavage.

Results and discussion

The inhibition of the excretion of oocysts was evaluated by the McMaster technique and the levels of cytokines (IL-4 and IL-12) and immunoglobulin IgG were assayed by the ELISA method. The in vivo efficacy on E. magna and E. media oocysts was 95.43% and 96.53% for Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina at 1000 mg/kg bw against 98% for the positive control. Interestingly the plant extracts increased the production of interleukin (IL) and immunoglobulins (Ig) compared to controls. Plasma IL-4 levels (pg/ml) in rabbits were 128.94 and 131.38; those of IL-12 (pg/ml) were 395.55 and 426.56, and then for those of IgG (μg/ml) were 14.70 and 13.94 respectively with the acetone extracts of Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina on D14 PT at 1000 mg/kg bw. This study indicates that Moringa oleifera and Vernonia amygdalina can be used as an alternative to synthetic anticoccidials. These plants could be used to increase the resistance of the immune system of rabbits to infestations of Eimeria species in rabbit farms.
Adaptive vertical-deformation field estimation and current tectonic deformation significance analysis in Shanxi rift valley
Authors: Liu Ruichun , Zhang Jin , Guo Wenfeng , Chen Hui
Published: May 2023

The Shanxi rift valley is a continental rift system that is characterized by mantle uplift, crustal thinning, and tectonic deformation. A continuous, vertical crustal-deformation field can elucidate the constraints for understanding the mechanisms currently driving the deformation of the rift. Accordingly, we acquired and processed data from 250 continuous and mobile GPS stations located in the Shanxi rift valley and its surrounding region. Accounting for the influence of fault activity, we established the vertical crustal-deformation field of the Shanxi rift valley as a continuous function of space, using an adaptive least-squares collocation method. The main research findings are stated as follows: 1) the adaptive least-squares model yielded a reliable interpolation prediction results with adequate robustness, even for relatively sparse actual observation data. 2) The current general deformation pattern of the Shanxi rift valley exhibits an uplift of the mountainous regions on both sides and subsidence of the central basin. The average uplift rate of the mountain area is 2–3 mm/a, and the subsidence rate of the basin is not uniform and is positively correlated with the spatial distribution of the Cenozoic sediment thickness. However, in certain areas, a high subsidence rate of 10–30 mm/a is associated with human activities such as groundwater exploitation. 3) In summary, the current vertical crustal deformation occurring in the Shanxi rift valley correlates with the pattern over a time scale of millions of years. Overall, it is controlled by regional geological structure pattern, and is influenced by nonstructural factors in the shallow crust, exhibiting both complex and orderly characteristics in its spatial distribution.
Romance cinema for debunking gender bias of non-egalitarian couple relationships in higher education
Authors: Morales-Romo Beatriz , Hernández-Serrano María J. , Morales-Romo Noelia
Published: May 2023

Romance cinema may recreate cisgender heterosexual couple representations by means of image-making, with the use of gender bias or traditional images that have considerable effects on how women and men are represented or are expected to behave, which may confront egalitarian models of relationships. This study aims to analyze how the traditional model of couples is represented in the 20 romantic highest-grossing movies selected from the years 2000–2010, and whether the reading of non-egalitarian images awakens different meanings and reflections by experts and undergraduates in Higher Education (areas of education and communication). For this aim, a mixed methodology was used, first qualitative (six in-depth interviews with academics and film analyses of the selected movies), then quantitative (questionnaire to 251 undergraduates analyzing films), and then qualitative again (personal reports from the same students). Results confirmed the reflective making of gender bias and non-egalitarian images of couple relationships in six of the box-office films, with moderate percentages in categories of Submission, Dominance, Dependence, and higher percentages of Manipulation, either for/from women or men. The study concludes that romance cinema was positively valued by students and academics as an enabling cultural product for the analysis, reflection, and deconstruction of non-egalitarian images, so that higher education students can be guided to critically seek suitable understandings of gender and couple relationships.
Nomogram for predicting the risk of preterm delivery after IVF/ICSI treatment: an analysis of 11513 singleton births
Authors: Liao Zhiqi , Cai Lei , Liu Chang , Li Jie , Hu Xinyao , Lai Youhua , Shen Lin , Sui Cong , Zhang Hanwang , Qian Kun
Published: May 2023

Background

There is a higher risk of preterm delivery (PTD) in singleton live births conceived after in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared with spontaneously conceived pregnancies. The objective of our study was to build a predictive nomogram model to suggest the possibility of PTD in singleton pregnancies after IVF/ICSI treatment.

Method

11513 IVF/ICSI cycles with singleton live births were enrolled retrospectively. These cycles were randomly allocated into a training group (80%) and a validation group (20%). We used the multivariate logistics regression analysis to determine prognostic factors for PTD in the training group. A nomogram based on the above factors was further established for predicting PTD. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC), areas under the ROC curves (AUC), concordance index (C-index), and calibration plots were analyzed for assessing the performance of this nomogram in the training and validation group.

Results

There were fourteen risk factors significantly related to PTD in IVF/ICSI singleton live births, including maternal body mass index (BMI) > 24 kg/m2, smoking, uterine factors, cervical factors, ovulatory factors, double embryo transferred (DET), blastocyst transfer, FET, vanishing twin syndrome (VTS), obstetric complications (placenta previa, placenta abruption, hypertensive of pregnancies, and premature rupture of membrane), and a male fetus. These factors were further incorporated to construct a nomogram prediction model. The AUC, C-index, and calibration curves indicated that this nomogram exhibited fair performance and good calibration.

Conclusions

We found that the occurrence of PTD increased when women with obesity, smoking, uterine factors, cervical factors, ovulatory factors, DET, VTS, and obstetric complications, and a male fetus. Furthermore, a nomogram was constructed based on the above factors and it might have great value for clinic use.
Frontiers in diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in diabetic sensorimotor neuropathy (DSPN)
Authors: Sharma Sanjeev , Rayman Gerry
Published: May 2023

Diabetes sensory polyneuropathy (DSPN) is a significant complication of diabetes affecting up to 50% of patients in their lifetime and approximately 20% of patients suffer from painful diabetes neuropathic pain. DSPN – both painless and painful - leads to considerable morbidity including reduction of quality of life, increased lower limb amputations and is associated with worsening mortality. Significant progress has been made in the understanding of pathogenesis of DSPN and the last decade has seen newer techniques aimed at its earlier diagnosis. The management of painful DSPN remains a challenge despite advances made in the unravelling the pathogenesis of pain and its transmission. This article discusses the heterogenous clinical presentation of DSPN and the need to exclude key differential diagnoses. Furthermore, it reviews in detail the current diagnostic techniques involving both large and small neural fibres, their limitations and advantages and current place in the diagnosis of DSPN. Finally, the management of DSPN including newer pharmacotherapies are also discussed.
Lower Jurassic conodonts from the Inuyama area of Japan: implications for conodont extinction
Authors: Du Yixing , Onoue Tetsuji , Tomimatsu Yuki , Wu Qiangwang , Rigo Manuel
Published: May 2023

It is generally accepted that conodonts went extinct at the end of the Triassic, but younger conodont fossils have been reported, and it is becoming clear that conodont extinction occurred asynchronously across different regions. Although some reports of post-Triassic conodonts have been disproven, Lower Jurassic conodonts have been found in the Buda area of Hungary and the Inuyama area of Japan. Here, we report the discovery of more conodonts Misikella posthernsteini above the first occurrence of the typical Jurassic radiolarian Pantanellium tanuense, which is not know from the Triassic, in the Kastuyama section, Inuyama area, reaffirming the authenticity of the Lower Jurassic conodonts. The conodonts survived into the Jurassic in the Inuyama area might be due to their remote locations relative to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province, which buffered them from hypoxia and ocean acidification. Although conodont survived into the Lower Jurassic, they failed to recover and quickly went extinct in post-extinction ecosystems. The “dead clades walking” (DCWs) of conodont may have been due to protracted ocean acidification in the earliest Jurassic. Food scarcity and competition with other organisms may have led to the eventual extinction of conodonts.
Nitric oxide-mediated the therapeutic properties of induced pluripotent stem cell for paraquat-induced acute lung injury
Authors: Cui Anfeng , Li Shirui , Li Yijun , Yang Dawei , Huang Jiongwei , Wang Xuemeng , Song Nana , Chen Fuchen , Chen Sifeng , Xiang Meng
Published: May 2023

The mortality rate associated with acute lung injury (ALI) and its severe form, acute respiratory distress syndrome, is high. Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapy is a potential treatment method for ALI, but its therapeutic efficacy is limited in injured lungs. Nitric oxide (NO) has various physiological actions. The current study investigated the effect of iPSCs pretreated with NO donors in paraquat (PQ)-induced ALI mouse model. Male C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with PQ, followed by infusion of phosphate-buffered saline, iPSCs, L-arginine pretreated iPSCs, or Nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) pretreated iPSCs through the tail veins. Histopathological changes, pulmonary microvascular permeability, and inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed after 3 or 28 d. The effects on iPSC proliferation, migration, and adhesion were evaluated in vitro. More L-arginine-pretreated iPSCs were selectively trafficked into the injured pulmonary tissue of mice with LPS-induced ALI, drastically diminishing the histopathologic changes and inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-1β and IL-6). There was also markedly improved pulmonary microvascular permeability and pulmonary function. The NO inhibitor abolished the protective effects of iPSCs. In addition, the ability of L-arginine to promote the proliferation and migration of iPSCs was decreased by L-NAME pretreatment, suggesting that NO might mediate the therapeutic benefits of iPSC. The improvement of the iPSC physiological changes by the endogenous gaseous molecule NO reduces lung injury severity. L-Arginine represents a pharmacologically important strategy for enhancing the therapeutic potential of iPSCs.
The development of CD8 T-cell exhaustion heterogeneity and the therapeutic potentials in cancer
Authors: Zhang Junfeng , Lei Feifei , Tan Huabing
Published: May 2023

CD8+ T cells are essential lymphocytes with cytotoxic properties for antitumor immunotherapy. However, during chronic infection or tumorigenesis, these cells often become dysfunctional with a gradually depleted ability to release cytokines and the exhibition of reduced cytotoxicity, the state referred to as “T-cell exhaustion” (Tex). This unique state was characterized by the increasing expression of inhibitory checkpoint receptors, and interventions targeting immune checkpoint blockades (ICBs) have been considered as a promising strategy to stimulate T-cell killing. Recent investigations have demonstrated that exhausted T cells not only display functional, metabolic, transcriptional, and epigenetic differences but also comprise a heterogeneous group of cells. In this review, we summarize the current findings on dynamic differentiation process during Tex heterogeneity development in cancer and chronic infection. We discuss how the responses to immunotherapy are determined by these distinct subsets and highlight prospective approaches for improving the efficacy of ICB therapy for cancer by leveraging the heterogeneity of T cells.
Popillia japonica – Italian outbreak management
Authors: Gotta Paola , Ciampitti Mariangela , Cavagna Beniamino , Bosio Giovanni , Gilioli Gianni , Alma Alberto , Battisti Andrea , Mori Nicola , Mazza Giuseppe , Torrini Giulia , Paoli Francesco , Santoiemma Giacomo , Simonetto Anna , Lessio Federico , Sperandio Giorgio , Giacometto Emanuela , Bianchi Alessandro , Roversi Pio Federico , Marianelli Leonardo
Published: May 2023

Popillia japonica, a priority pest for the EU, was first detected in Northern Italy in 2014. Since its discovery, the outbreak extended over an area of more than 16,000 square kilometers in Northern Italy and Southern Switzerland. In this review, we summarize the state-of-the-art of research conducted in Italy on both the spreading capacity and control measures of P. japonica. Chemical, physical, and biological control measures deployed since its detection are presented, by highlighting their strengths and weaknesses. An in-depth study of the ecosystems invaded by P. japonica disclosed the presence and pathogenicity of natural strains of entomopathogenic fungi and nematodes, some of which have shown to be particularly aggressive towards the larvae of this pest under laboratory conditions. The Plant Health authorities of the Lombardy and Piedmont regions, with the support of several research institutions, played a crucial role in the initial eradication attempt and subsequently in containing the spread of P. japonica. Control measures were performed in the infested area to suppress adult populations of P. japonica by installing several traps (e.g., for mass trapping, for auto-dissemination of the fungus Metarhizium anisopliae, and “attract & kill”). For larval control, the infested fields were treated with commercial strains of the entomopathogenic fungus M. anisopliae and nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Future studies will aim at integrating phenological and spread models developed with the most effective control measures, within an ecologically sustainable approach.
Yeast-extracted nucleotides and nucleic acids as promising feed additives for European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles
Authors: Pelusio Nicole Francesca , Parma Luca , Volpe Enrico , Ciulli Sara , Errani Francesca , Natale Silvia , De Cesare Alessandra , Indio Valentina , Carcano Paolo , Mordenti Oliviero , Gatta Pier Paolo , Bonaldo Alessio
Published: May 2023

Nowadays functional ingredients have a significant potential for improving current low fish meal (FM) aquafeed formulation in sustaining growth and enhancing animal robustness for Mediterranean aquaculture. Among them, nucleotides (NT) and nucleic acids (NA) drew attention for their application in the last two decades. NT are organic molecules involved in many life-supporting pathways, and are the building blocks of NA, which stand as genetic repositories. NT are naturally present in organic ingredients, and among them FM is known to be one of the highest NT sources. When this NT source is seriously limited, fish might be under the minimum NT requirements, especially in fast growing life stages of carnivorous species. Hence, a trial on European sea bass juveniles was carried out, testing two dietary FM levels (FM10, FM20 as 10% and 20% FM, respectively) supplemented with 500 mg kg-1 yeast-originate NT or NA dose over 80 days. Thereafter, fish were exposed to one week of sub-optimal thermal and dissolved oxygen condition (30°C and 4.0 mg/L O2) to further explore the effect of NT and NA inclusion on immune response and gut microbiome alteration. At the end of the growth period NT increased feed intake at both FM dietary levels. FM20 combined with NA and NT further improved growth performance, enhancing lipid efficiency and increased anti-inflammatory TGF-β. After sub-optimal environmental conditions both NT and NA exerted prebiotic functions on gut microbiome by promoting beneficial lactic acid bacteria such as Weissella and Leuconostoc. At the same time NT in 10% FM diet increased the abundance of Bacillus taxon. In conclusion, the combination of NT/NA included at 500 mg kg-1 was able to promote growth when included in 20% FM level, assuming higher nutritional NT requirement when combined with 10% FM. On the other hand, NT/NA added in 10% FM upregulate proinflammatory IL-1β and favor beneficial gut bacterial taxa.
Subliminal attentional bias modification training for itch
Authors: Becker Jennifer M. , Van Ryckeghem Dimitri M. L. , Van Damme Stefaan , Crombez Geert , Schoot Yalou , Wiers Reinout W. H. J. , Rippe Ralph C. A. , van Laarhoven Antoinette I. M.
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Itch is unpleasant and induces the urge to scratch. This is adaptive to remove the itch-inducing stimulus from the skin. Accordingly, itch draws attention to protect our bodily integrity. Recent studies investigated whether attention is preferentially drawn towards its location, i.e., attentional bias (AB), and also whether this bias could be changed in healthy individuals. So far, results are mixed concerning the existance of an attentional bias towards itch stimuli in healthy individuals as well as the impact of modifications. However, available studies have typically focused on conscious processing and might miss preconscious aspects of attention and potential biases at these stages.

Methods

This study included 117 healthy individuals who underwent a subliminal Attentional Bias Modification (ABM)- training for itch based on a dot-probe paradigm with itch- related pictures. Participants were randomly assigned to a training towards itch group, a training away from itch group and a control group. This was done by manipulating the itch-target congruency of the dot-probe task during a training block. Pre- and post-training assessments were regular dot-probe tasks. Exploratorily, also attentional inhibition, cognitive flexibility and itch-related cognitions were assessed. Lastly, participants received an itchy stimulus on the inner forearm before and after the ABM-training to assess potential effects on itch sensitivity.

Results

Results showed no AB towards itch across groups at baseline, i.e., pre-training, but an AB away from itch, hence, avoidance of itch, post-training. Further analyses showed that this effect was driven by an attentional bias away from itch in the control group, while there were no significant effects in the experimental groups. There was no effect on itch sensitivity.

Conclusion

These findings are in line with recent studies on conscious ABM-training for itch and pain that also did not find significant training effects. Therefore, it is suggested that the field of AB might need to reconsider the current assessment of AB. Moreover, AB is probably a dynamic process that is highly dependent on current itch-related goals and relevance of itch in a specific situation. This suggests that processes probably differ in patients with chronic itch and that also ABM-training might work differently in these populations.

Clinical trial registration

https://trialsearch.who.int/Trial2.aspx?TrialID=NTR7561, identifier NTR7561.
Evidence of vascular involvement in myopia: a review
Authors: Benavente-Perez Alexandra
Published: May 2023

The benign public perception of myopia (nearsightedness) as a visual inconvenience masks the severity of its sight-threatening consequences. Myopia is a significant risk factor for posterior pole conditions such as maculopathy, choroidal neovascularization and glaucoma, all of which have a vascular component. These associations strongly suggest that myopic eyes might experience vascular alterations prior to the development of complications. Myopic eyes are out of focus because they are larger in size, which in turn affects their overall structure and function, including those of the vascular beds. By reviewing the vascular changes that characterize myopia, this review aims to provide an understanding of the gross, cellular and molecular alterations identified at the structural and functional levels with the goal to provide an understanding of the latest evidence in the field of experimental and clinical myopia vascular research. From the evidence presented, we hypothesize that the interaction between excessive myopic eye growth and vascular alterations are tipping-points for the development of sight-threatening changes.
Mechanisms of impairment in hair and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming and potential interventions
Authors: He Yongyu , Cao Yu , Nie Binji , Wang Junpu
Published: May 2023

With the rapid growth of beauty and personal care industries, many hair-relevant products, hair dyes and hair perms in particular, are increasingly prevalent in both women and men, regardless of being young or old as they frequently change hair color or shape to enhance youthfulness and beauty and to follow fashion trends. Hair dyes and perms alter hair color and/or shape by mechanically changing the physical structure and chemical substances of the hair shaft. However, treatment of hair with chemical formulations has been potentially ascribed to adverse outcomes in the hair shaft including structure damage, chemical constituent disorder, and impaired physical properties, although hair cosmetics procedures are intrinsically safe. Nevertheless, the mechanisms of impairment in the hair shaft and scalp induced by hair dyeing and perming remain elusive. Additionally, adverse reactions activated by exposure to specific chemical ingredients including skin irritation, allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), and even cancer risk have been reported clinically, but existing evidence is not consistent enough in the case of human studies. Herein, the review aims to give an overview of hair cosmetics, especially concerning the basic knowledge about various hair dyes and perms, the consequences for hair shafts and the scalp resulting from the application of hair cosmetics mentioned above, mechanisms of hazardous outcomes, and potential desirable interventions to alleviate the impairment.
Understanding the factors that influence matriculation and persistence in Black medical students
Authors: Mincey Krista D. , Richardson Briana S. L. , Johnson Raymond O. , Heraut Mary L.
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The Association of American Medical Colleges’ (AAMC) Strategic Plan lists 10 action plans one of which is focused on understanding how systemic barriers, such as racism and access to quality education, may negatively impact diversity in academic medicine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to understand the factors that impact the matriculation and persistence of Black medical students.

Method

A qualitative phenomenological study using Tinto’s Model of Institutional Departure as an organizing framework was used for this study. Participants were asked a series of questions covering topics related to their goals, their medical school experience, their preparation for medical school, what could improve their medical school experience, and advice for future Black medical students.

Results

Forty in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted during the fall 2022 term from October to December with Black medical students enrolled in over 16 US or Caribbean medical schools. Findings reported that two factors impacted matriculation for Black medical students (exposure to the medical field and resources, particularly financial resources). Findings also reported that three factors impacted the persistence of Black students once in medical school (diversity, support, and emotional resources).

Conclusion

The five factors identified by participants that impact matriculation and persistence for Black medical students can be used by medical schools to increase their enrollment and graduation of Black students.
A ceRNA network-mediated over-expression of cuproptosis-related gene SLC31A1 correlates with poor prognosis and positive immune infiltration in breast cancer
Authors: Lian Weibin , Yang Peidong , Li Liangqiang , Chen Debo , Wang Chuan
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Solute carrier family 31 member 1(SLC31A1) has been reported as the copper importer, and was identified to be involved in the process of “cuproptosis”. However, the mechanism of SLC31A1 in breast cancer remains unclear.

Methods

We examined the expression of SLC31A1 mRNA in breast cancer tissues and cell lines using Real-time PCR. The data for this study were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and analyzed via R 3.6.3. TIMER, UALCAN, GEPIA2, STRING, Metascape, Kaplan–Meier Plotter, starBase and miRNet websites were used for a comprehensive analysis of SLC31A1.

Results

Our study suggested that SLC31A1 mRNA was over-expressed in breast tumor tissue and breast cancer cell lines, and which was closely related to poor relapse-free survival (RFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS). In addition, we constructed a co-expression network of SLC31A1. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that they were mainly involved in copper ion transport. Interestingly, SLC31A1 expression was positively associated with all m6A-related genes, especially with YTHDF3 (r = 0.479). Importantly, the LINC00511/miR-29c-3p/SLC31A1 axis was identified as the most potential pathway promoting breast cancer progress by affecting copper transport. Furthermore, the expression level of SLC31A1 in breast cancer was positively correlated with tumor immune cell infiltration, immune cell biomarkers and cancer-associated fibroblast (CAF).

Conclusion

Up-regulation of SLC31A1 expression and regulation of copper ion transport mediated by LINC00511-miR-29-3p axis is related to poor prognosis and positively correlated with tumor immune infiltration in breast cancer.
Multi-omics study and ncRNA regulation of anti-BmNPV in silkworms, Bombyx mori: an update
Authors: Fan Yi-Xuan , Andoh Vivian , Chen Liang
Published: May 2023

Bombyx mori silkworm is an important economic insect which has a significant contribution to the improvement of the economy. Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a vitally significant purulent virus that impedes the sustainable and stable development of the silkworm industry, resulting in substantial economic losses. In recent years, with the development of biotechnology, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and the related techniques have been used to select BmNPV-resistant genes, proteins, and metabolites. The regulatory networks between viruses and hosts have been gradually clarified with the discovery of ncRNAs, such as miRNA, lncRNA, and circRNA in cells. Thus, this paper aims to highlight the results of current multi-omics and ncRNA studies on BmNPV resistance in the silkworm, providing some references for resistant strategies in the silkworm to BmNPV.
Ralstonia solanacearum type III effector RipAA targets chloroplastic AtpB to modulate an incompatible interaction on Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Miao Yangchen , Wu Leilei , Xue Qi , Zhang Qiuyan , Zou Huasong
Published: May 2023

Introduction

The type III effector RipAA of Ralstonia solanacearum GMI1000 plays a critical role in the incompatible interaction on Nicotiana benthamiana.

Methods

The RipAA was transiently expressed in N. benthamiana by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Chemical staining with trypan blue and DAB were conducted to examine the cell death and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), respectively. The expression of the marker genes for salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) signaling was evaluated by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR). The proteins interacted with RipAA was identified from N. benthamiana by yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays. A TRV-mediated gene silencing was used to assess the role of host gene in response to RipAA expression and R. solanacearum infection.

Results and discussion

RipAA induced the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and genome DNA degradation in N. benthamiana, which were accompanied by a hypersensitive reaction. Simultaneously, the marker genes for salicylic acid (SA) signaling were induced and those for jasmonic acid (JA) signaling were reduced. N. benthamiana chloroplastic AtpB, the ATPase β subunit, was identified as an interactor with RipAA. The silencing of atpB in N. benthamiana resulted in the inability of RipAA to induce a hypersensitive response, a compatible interaction with GMI1000, and an enhanced sensitivity to bacterial wilt. Our data support the concept that RipAA determines host-range specificity by targeting the host chloroplastic AtpB.
Development of a universal real-time RT-PCR assay for detection of pan-SARS-coronaviruses with an RNA-based internal control
Authors: Yu Beibei , Xu Changping , Huang Shiwang , Ni Jun , Zhou Jiancang , Zhang Yuting , Wu Maomao , Zhang Jun , Fang Lei
Published: May 2023

The current pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) exemplifies the critical need for rapid diagnostic assays to prompt intensified virological monitoring both in human and wild animal populations. To date, there are no clinical validated assays for pan-SARS-coronavirus (pan-SARS-CoV) detection. Here, we suggest an innovative primer design strategy for the diagnosis of pan-SARS-CoVs targeting the envelope (E) gene using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Furthermore, we developed a new primer–probe set targeting human β2-microglobulin (B2M) as an RNA-based internal control for process efficacy. The universal RT-qPCR assay demonstrated no false-positive amplifications with other human coronaviruses or 20 common respiratory viruses, and its limit of detection (LOD) was 159.16 copies/ml at 95% detection probability. In clinical validation, the assay delivered 100% sensitive results in the detection of SARS-CoV-2-positive oropharyngeal samples (n = 120), including three variants of concern (Wuhan, Delta, and Omicron). Taken together, this universal RT-qPCR assay provides a highly sensitive, robust, and rapid detection of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, and animal-derived SARS-related CoVs.
Tracking the first SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.5.1.3 outbreak in China
Authors: Wang Xiaoxia , Zhu Xiong , Lin Yujin , He Lvfen , Yang Jing , Wang Chuan , Zhu Wentao
Published: May 2023

The SARS-CoV-2 is still undergoing rapid evolution, resulting in the emergence of several variants of concern, especially the Omicron variants (B.1.1.529), which are surging worldwide. In this study, we tracked Omicron subvariant BA.5.1.3 as the causative agent in the Hainan Province wave in China, which started on 1 August 2022. This was China’s first case of Omicron subvariant BA.5.1.3 and led to an indefinite total lockdown in Hainan with more than 8,500 confirmed cases. We obtained 391 whole genomes from positive nasopharyngeal swab samples in the city of Sanya in Hainan Province, which was the center of this outbreak. More than half of the infected cases were female (58%, 227/391) with a median age of 37.0 years (IQR 23.0–53.0). Median Ct values were 24.9 (IQR 22.6–27.3) and 25.2 (IQR 22.9–27.6) for ORF1ab and N genes, respectively. The total single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) numbers of Omicron BA.5.1.3 sampled in Sanya (median 69.0, IQR = 69.0–70.0) compared to those worldwide (median 63.0, IQR = 61.0–64.0) showed a significant difference (p < 0.05). Unique core mutations, including three non-synonymous mutations in ORF1ab (Y1064N, S2844G, and R3574K) and one synonymous mutation in ORF3a (S74S), were found. Phylogenetic analysis showed that virus from Sanya formed an independent sub-clade within the BA.5.1.3 subvariant, and could be divided into 15 haplotypes based on the S gene. The most recent common ancestor for the virus from Sanya was estimated as appearing on 5 July 2022, with 95% HPD ranging from 15 May to 20 September 2022. Thanks to our results, we were also able to delineate the mutational profile of this outbreak and highlight the importance of global genomic surveillance and data sharing.
Population dynamics and characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae from healthy poultry in Norway
Authors: Kaspersen Håkon , Urdahl Anne Margrete , Franklin-Alming Fiona Valerie , Ilag Hanna Karin , Hetland Marit A. K. , Bernhoff Eva , Löhr Iren H. , Sunde Marianne
Published: May 2023

Klebsiella pneumoniae is an important opportunistic pathogen widely studied in relation to human infection and colonization. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding other niches that K. pneumoniae may inhabit. K. pneumoniae isolated from healthy broiler and turkey flocks in Norway in 2018 have previously been described with regard to population structure, sequence types (STs), and the presence of virulence- and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. In the present study we aimed to evaluate the dynamics of the K. pneumoniae population in poultry over time, with regards to AMR and virulence, and with a special focus on persistence of STs. A total of 391 flocks sampled in 2020 were included in the present study, of which 271 were from broiler flocks and 120 from turkey flocks. Similar to findings from 2018, the occurrence of K. pneumoniae was significantly higher based on culturing in turkey flocks (62.5%) compared to broiler flocks (24.0%). Major STs in 2020 included ST5827 (n = 7), ST37 (n = 7), ST370 (n = 7), ST17 (n = 5), and ST4710 (n = 5). Several STs persisted over time in both host species, including ST35, ST37, ST590, and ST17. This persistence may be due to local re-circulation or reintroduction from parent flocks. Of these five major STs, only ST590 carried AMR genes, indicating that the persistence was not associated with the presence of AMR genes. An ST4710 strain with a hypervirulence-encoding plasmid (p4710; iro5, iuc5) was recovered from turkeys in 2018. The same strain was present in turkeys in 2020, but the plasmid had lost the salmochelin locus. This loss may be attributed to reductive evolution due to the presence of several siderophores within the same isolates. In this study we also characterized a clinical ST4710 isolate from a turkey with airsacculitis. The isolate was closely related to two intestinal ST4710 isolates from healthy turkeys in 2018. These three isolates were sampled within the same location and time frame in 2018, and all carried the full p4710 virulence plasmid. These findings highlight the transmission- and infectious potential of ST4710 in turkeys.
Allosterically coupled conformational dynamics in solution prepare the sterol transfer protein StarD4 to release its cargo upon interaction with target membranes
Authors: Xie Hengyi , Weinstein Harel
Published: May 2023

Complex mechanisms regulate the cellular distribution of cholesterol, a critical component of eukaryote membranes involved in regulation of membrane protein functions directly and through the physiochemical properties of membranes. StarD4, a member of the steroidogenic acute regulator-related lipid-transfer (StART) domain (StARD)-containing protein family, is a highly efficient sterol-specific transfer protein involved in cholesterol homeostasis. Its mechanism of cargo loading and release remains unknown despite recent insights into the key role of phosphatidylinositol phosphates in modulating its interactions with target membranes. We have used large-scale atomistic Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to study how the dynamics of cholesterol bound to the StarD4 protein can affect interaction with target membranes, and cargo delivery. We identify the two major cholesterol (CHL) binding modes in the hydrophobic pocket of StarD4, one near S136&S147 (the Ser-mode), and another closer to the putative release gate located near W171, R92&Y117 (the Trp-mode). We show that conformational changes of StarD4 associated directly with the transition between these binding modes facilitate the opening of the gate. To understand the dynamics of this connection we apply a machine-learning algorithm for the detection of rare events in MD trajectories (RED), which reveals the structural motifs involved in the opening of a front gate and a back corridor in the StarD4 structure occurring together with the spontaneous transition of CHL from the Ser-mode of binding to the Trp-mode. Further analysis of MD trajectory data with the information-theory based NbIT method reveals the allosteric network connecting the CHL binding site to the functionally important structural components of the gate and corridor. Mutations of residues in the allosteric network are shown to affect the performance of the allosteric connection. These findings outline an allosteric mechanism which prepares the CHL-bound StarD4 to release and deliver the cargo when it is bound to the target membrane.
Vibrotactile stimulation at gamma frequency mitigates pathology related to neurodegeneration and improves motor function
Authors: Suk Ho-Jun , Buie Nicole , Xu Guojie , Banerjee Arit , Boyden Edward S. , Tsai Li-Huei
Published: May 2023

The risk for neurodegenerative diseases increases with aging, with various pathological conditions and functional deficits accompanying these diseases. We have previously demonstrated that non-invasive visual stimulation using 40 Hz light flicker ameliorated pathology and modified cognitive function in mouse models of neurodegeneration, but whether 40 Hz stimulation using another sensory modality can impact neurodegeneration and motor function has not been studied. Here, we show that whole-body vibrotactile stimulation at 40 Hz leads to increased neural activity in the primary somatosensory cortex (SSp) and primary motor cortex (MOp). In two different mouse models of neurodegeneration, Tau P301S and CK-p25 mice, daily exposure to 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation across multiple weeks also led to decreased brain pathology in SSp and MOp. Furthermore, both Tau P301S and CK-p25 mice showed improved motor performance after multiple weeks of daily 40 Hz vibrotactile stimulation. Vibrotactile stimulation at 40 Hz may thus be considered as a promising therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with motor deficits.
Systematic review of 31P-magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies of brain high energy phosphates and membrane phospholipids in aging and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Jett Steven , Boneu Camila , Zarate Camila , Carlton Caroline , Kodancha Vibha , Nerattini Matilde , Battista Michael , Pahlajani Silky , Williams Schantel , Dyke Jonathan P. , Mosconi Lisa
Published: May 2023

Many lines of evidence suggest that mitochondria have a central role in aging-related neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Mitochondrial dysfunction, cerebral energy dysmetabolism and oxidative damage increase with age, and are early event in AD pathophysiology and may precede amyloid beta (Aβ) plaques. In vivo probes of mitochondrial function and energy metabolism are therefore crucial to characterize the bioenergetic abnormalities underlying AD risk, and their relationship to pathophysiology and cognition. A majority of the research conducted in humans have used 18F-fluoro-deoxygluose (FDG) PET to image cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc), but key information regarding oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the process which generates 90% of the energy for the brain, cannot be assessed with this method. Thus, there is a crucial need for imaging tools to measure mitochondrial processes and OXPHOS in vivo in the human brain. 31Phosphorus-magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) is a non-invasive method which allows for the measurement of OXPHOS-related high-energy phosphates (HEP), including phosphocreatine (PCr), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and inorganic phosphate (Pi), in addition to potential of hydrogen (pH), as well as components of phospholipid metabolism, such as phosphomonoesters (PMEs) and phosphodiesters (PDEs). Herein, we provide a systematic review of the existing literature utilizing the 31P-MRS methodology during the normal aging process and in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD, with an additional focus on individuals at risk for AD. We discuss the strengths and limitations of the technique, in addition to considering future directions toward validating the use of 31P-MRS measures as biomarkers for the early detection of AD.
Case report: Spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of pediatric erythromelalgia
Authors: Zuo Lei , Su Ai , Shi Ying , Li Nan , Chen Shiyu , Yang XiaoQiu
Published: May 2023

Introduction

In children, erythromelalgia is a rare chronic pain syndrome characterized by erythema, severe burning pain, and itching of affected feet. Unfortunately, there is no definitive therapy available currently.

Case report

Here, we report a case of primary erythromelalgia and the treatment response in a 10-year-old boy, whose genetic findings for mutations in the SCN9A gene were positive and skin biopsy results were diagnosed as small fiber neuropathy, while he has suffered from excruciating burning pain, itching, erythema, and recurrent infections over the past 3 years. He did not respond well to conventional treatment, and the only way to receive minimal relief was to immerse his feet in ice water. After a successful trial of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), the implantable pulse generator (IPG) was successfully implanted without complications, and it proved partial response to therapy.

Conclusion

There is no specific, efficient treatment for pediatric erythromelalgia currently, but this case demonstrates neuromodulation serves as part of the multimodal regimen to treat pediatric erythromelalgia.
Case report: High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment of hereditary spastic paraplegia type 11
Authors: Chen Songmei , Zhou Zhiqing , Ren Meng , Chen Xixi , Shi Xiaolong , Zhang Sicong , Xu Shutian , Zhang Xiaolin , Zhang Xingyuan , Lin Wanlong , Shan Chunlei
Published: May 2023

Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a heterogeneous group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders that currently have no cure. HSP type 11 (SPG11-HSP) is a complex form carrying mutations in the SPG11 gene. Neuropathological studies demonstrate that motor deficits in these patients are mainly attributed to axonal degeneration of the corticospinal tract (CST). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive technique that can induce central nervous system plasticity and promote neurological recovery by modulating the excitability of cortical neuronal cells. Although rTMS is expected to be a therapeutic tool for neurodegenerative diseases, no previous studies have applied rTMS to treat motor symptoms in SPG11-HSP. Here, we report a case of SPG11-HSP with lower extremity spasticity and gait instability, which were improved by applying high-frequency rTMS (HF-rTMS) at the primary motor cortex (M1). Clinical and physiological features were measured throughout the treatment, including the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), the timed up and go (TUG) test and the 10-meter walk test time (10 MWT). The structure and excitability of the CST were assessed by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), respectively. After treatment, the patient gained 17 points of BBS, along with a gradual decrease in MAS scores of the bilateral lower extremity. In addition, the TUG test and 10 MWT improved to varying degrees. TMS assessment showed increased motor evoked potential (MEP) amplitude, decreased resting motor threshold (RMT), decreased central motor conduction time (CMCT), and decreased difference in the cortical silent period (CSP) between bilateral hemispheres. Using the DTI technique, we observed increased fractional anisotropy (FA) values and decreased mean diffusivity (MD) and radial diffusivity (RD) values in the CST. It suggests that applying HF-rTMS over the bilateral leg area of M1 (M1-LEG) is beneficial for SPG11-HSP. In this study, we demonstrate the potential of rTMS to promote neurological recovery from both functional and structural perspectives. It may provide a clinical rationale for using rTMS in the rehabilitation of HSP patients.