bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Streptococcus pneumoniae Nasopharyngeal Carriage among PCV-10-Vaccinated HIV-1-Infected Children with Maintained Serological Memory in Ethiopia
Authors: Lemma Mahlet , Bekele Yonas , Petkov Stefan , Hägglund Moa , Petros Beyene , Aseffa Abraham , Howe Rawleigh , Chiodi Francesca
Published: February 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) vaccines have substantially reduced the burden of invasive pneumococcal diseases (IPDs) worldwide. Despite high coverage with S. pneumoniae vaccination, upper-respiratory-tract colonization by S. pneumoniae is still common. We assessed maintenance of serological responses to S. pneumoniae serotypes included in PCV-10 by ELISA in HIV-1-infected children (n = 50) and age-matched controls (n = 50) in Ethiopia. We isolated S. pneumoniae in nasopharyngeal swabs and determined S. pneumoniae serotype by whole genome sequencing (WGS). Comparable levels of S. pneumoniae serotype-specific IgG concentrations were detected in plasma of HIV-1-infected children and matched controls, with geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) consistently higher than the protective threshold for PCV-10 serotypes of 0.35 μg/mL. We isolated S. pneumoniae from 38 (out of 97) nasopharyngeal swabs, 25 from HIV-1-infected children and 13 from controls. WGS based serotyping revealed 22 known S. pneumoniae serotypes and 2 nontypeable (NT) isolates. Non-PCV-10 serotypes represented >90% of isolates. We showed that HIV-1-infected children and matched controls in Ethiopia carry a level of maintained serological memory to PCV-10 considered protective for IPDs. We identified a higher proportion of nasopharyngeal carriage with highly pathogenic S. pneumoniae non-PCV strains among HIV-1-infected children compared to controls.
Optimal Speed Control for a Semi-Autogenous Mill Based on Discrete Element Method
Authors: Wang Xiaoli , Yi Jie , Zhou Ziyu , Yang Chunhua
Published: February 2020

The rotation speed of a mill is an important factor related to its operation and grinding efficiency. Analysis and regulation of the optimal speed under different working conditions can effectively reduce energy loss, improve productivity, and extend the service life of the equipment. However, the relationship between the optimal speed and different operating parameters has not received much attention. In this study, the relationship between the optimal speed and particle size and number was investigated using discrete element method (DEM). An improved exponential approaching law sliding mode control method is proposed to track the optimal speed of the mill. Firstly, a simulation was carried out to investigate the relationship between the optimal speed and different operating parameters under cross-over testing. The model of the relationships between the optimal rotation speed and the size and number of particles was established based on the response surface method. An improved sliding mode control using exponential approaching law is proposed to track the optimal speed, and simulation results show it can improve the stability and speed of sliding mode control near the sliding surface.
Anti-Melanogenesis, Antioxidant and Anti-Tyrosinase Activities of Scabiosa columbaria L.
Authors: Otang-Mbeng Wilfred , Sagbo Idowu Jonas
Published: February 2020

Scabiosa columbaria is a plant traditionally used to treat skin ailments, such as scabies, wound bruises, sores and hyperpigmentation. To find a novel skin depigmenting agent, the present study was investigated to determine the possible anti-melanogenesis, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase effects of methanol extract of S. columbaria leaves. Cytotoxicity towards human dermal fibroblast (MRHF) cells was assessed using the live-cell fluorescence imaging microscopy. The inhibitory effects of the extract on tyrosinase, collagenase and melanin synthesis were also investigated using standard in vitro method, while ferric reducing power (FRAP) was used to determine the antioxidant potential of the plant extract. The effect of the extract on collagen content in MRHF cells was also investigated. The plant extract displayed no meaningful cytotoxicity towards MRHF cells and no significant cell death was recorded at all the tested concentrations. The extract (25–100 µg/mL) effectively decreased melanin content in B16F10 (mouse melanoma) cells with moderate inhibition of tyrosinase enzyme in a dose-dependent manner. However, the extract also demonstrated no significant effect on collagenase and collagen content in MRHF cells, but showed strong antioxidant activity at the concentrations tested. The results suggest that S. columbaria could be a promising candidate in the treatment of skin hyperpigmentation disorders
Numerical Simulation of a Flow Field in a Turbo Air Classifier and Optimization of the Process Parameters
Authors: Zeng Yun , Zhang Si , Zhou Yang , Li Meiqiu
Published: February 2020

Due to the rapid development of powder technology around the world, powder materials are being widely used in various fields, including metallurgy, the chemical industry, and petroleum. The turbo air classifier, as a powder production equipment, is one of the most important mechanical facilities in the industry today. In order to investigate the production efficiency of ultrafine powder and improve the classification performance in a turbo air classifier, two process parameters were optimized by analyzing the influence of the rotor cage speed and air velocity on the flow field. Numerical simulations using the ANSYS-Fluent Software, as well as material classification experiments, were implemented to verify the optimal process parameters. The simulation results provide many optimal process parameters. Several sets of the optimal process parameters were selected, and the product particle size distribution was used as the inspection index to conduct a material grading experiment. The experimental results demonstrate that the process parameters of the turbo air classifier with better classification efficiency for the products of barite and iron-ore powder were an 1800 rpm rotor cage speed and 8 m/s air inlet velocity. This research study provides theoretical guidance and engineering application value for air classifiers.
A Mathematical Model Combined with Radar Data for Bell-Less Charging of a Blast Furnace
Authors: Li Meng , Wei Han , Ge Yao , Xiao Guocai , Yu Yaowei
Published: February 2020

Charging directly affects the burden distribution of a blast furnace, which determines the gas distribution in the shaft of the furnace. Adjusting the charging can improve the distribution of the gas flow, increase the gas utilization efficiency of the furnace, reduce energy consumption, and prolong the life of the blast furnace. In this paper, a mathematical model of blast furnace charging was developed and applied on a steel plant in China, which includes the display of the burden profile, burden layers, descent speed of the layers, and ore/coke ratio. Furthermore, the mathematical model is developed to combine the radar data of the burden profile. The above model is currently used in Nanjing Steel as a reference for operators to adjust the charging. The model is being tested with a radar system on the blast furnace.
Gray-box Soft Sensors in Process Industry: Current Practice, and Future Prospects in Era of Big Data
Authors: Ahmad Iftikhar , Ayub Ahsan , Kano Manabu , Cheema Izzat Iqbal
Published: February 2020

Virtual sensors, or soft sensors, have greatly contributed to the evolution of the sensing systems in industry. The soft sensors are process models having three fundamental categories, namely white-box (WB), black-box (BB) and gray-box (GB) models. WB models are based on process knowledge while the BB models are developed using data collected from the process. The GB models integrate the WB and BB models for addressing the concerns, i.e., accuracy and intuitiveness, of industrial operators. In this work, various design aspects of the GB models are discussed followed by their application in the process industry. In addition, the changes in the data-driven part of the GB models in the context of enormous amount of process data collected in Industry 4.0 are elaborated.
Alkaline Water Electrolysis Powered by Renewable Energy: A Review
Authors: Brauns Jörn , Turek Thomas
Published: February 2020

Alkaline water electrolysis is a key technology for large-scale hydrogen production powered by renewable energy. As conventional electrolyzers are designed for operation at fixed process conditions, the implementation of fluctuating and highly intermittent renewable energy is challenging. This contribution shows the recent state of system descriptions for alkaline water electrolysis and renewable energies, such as solar and wind power. Each component of a hydrogen energy system needs to be optimized to increase the operation time and system efficiency. Only in this way can hydrogen produced by electrolysis processes be competitive with the conventional path based on fossil energy sources. Conventional alkaline water electrolyzers show a limited part-load range due to an increased gas impurity at low power availability. As explosive mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen must be prevented, a safety shutdown is performed when reaching specific gas contamination. Furthermore, the cell voltage should be optimized to maintain a high efficiency. While photovoltaic panels can be directly coupled to alkaline water electrolyzers, wind turbines require suitable converters with additional losses. By combining alkaline water electrolysis with hydrogen storage tanks and fuel cells, power grid stabilization can be performed. As a consequence, the conventional spinning reserve can be reduced, which additionally lowers the carbon dioxide emissions.
Size-Selected Graphene Oxide Loaded with Photosensitizer (TMPyP) for Targeting Photodynamic Therapy In Vitro
Authors: Bartoň Tománková Kateřina , Opletalová Ariana , Poláková Kateřina , Kalytchuk Sergii , Jiravová Jana , Malohlava Jakub , Malina Lukáš , Kolářová Hana
Published: February 2020

Targeted therapies of various diseases are nowadays widely studied in many biomedical fields. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a modern treatment of cancer using a locally activated light. TMPyP is an efficient synthetic water-soluble photosensitizer (PS), yet with poor absorption in the visible and the red regions. In this work, we prepared size-selected and colloidally stable graphene oxide (GO) that is appropriate for biomedical use. Thanks to the negative surface charge of GO, TMPyP was easily linked in order to create conjugates of GO/TMPyP by electrostatic force. Due to the strong ionic interactions, charge transfers between GO and TMPyP occur, as comprehensively investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Biocompatibility and an in vitro effect of GO/TMPyP were confirmed by a battery of in vitro tests including MTT, comet assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and monitoring the cellular uptake. PDT efficiency of GO/TMPyP was tested using 414 and 740 nm photoexcitation. Our newly prepared nanotherapeutics showed a higher PDT effect than in free TMPyP, and is promising for targeted therapy using clinically favorable conditions.
Syngas Production Improvement of Sugarcane Bagasse Conversion Using an Electromagnetic Modified Vacuum Pyrolysis Reactor
Authors: Bustan Muhammad Djoni , Haryati Sri , Hadiah Fitri , Selpiana Selpiana , Huda Adri
Published: February 2020

The trends and challenges of pyrolysis technology nowadays have shifted to low-temperature pyrolysis, which provides low-cost processes but high-yield conversion, with suitable H2/CO ratios for performing gas-to-liquid technology in the future. The present study has developed a modified vacuum pyrolysis reactor to convert sugarcane bagasse to gas products, including H2, CO2, CH4, and CO in the low-temperature process. The experimental design includes the effects of pyrolysis time, pyrolysis temperature, and applying a current as a function of the electromagnetic field. The result showed that 0.12 ng/µL, 0.85 ng/µL, and 0.31 ng/µL of hydrogen (H2), carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO) gases, respectively, started forming in the first 20 min at 210 °C for the pyrolysis temperature, and the gas product accumulated in the increase of pyrolysis time and temperature. In the absence of electromagnetic field, the optimum condition was obtained at 60 min and 290 °C of pyrolysis time and temperature, respectively, in which 20.98, 14.86, 14.56, and 15.78 ng/µL of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO were generated, respectively. However, this condition did not meet the minimum value of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis, since the minimum requirement of the H2/CO ratio is 2. Furthermore, applying the electromagnetic field performed a significant improvement, in which applying current ≥3A improved the gas product to 33.76, 8.71, 18.39, and 7.66 ng/µL of H2, CO2, CH4, and CO, respectively, with an H2/CO ratio above 2. The obtained result showed that applying electric current as an electromagnetic field provides a significant improvement, not only in boosting yield product, but also in performing the standard ratios of H2/CO in the gas–liquid conversion of syngas to liquid hydrocarbon. The result proves that applying an electromagnetic approach could be used as an alternative way to obtain efficiency and as a better process to convert biomass as a future energy source.
Synthesis and Research of Rare Earth Nanocrystal Luminescent Properties for Security Labels Using the Electrohydrodynamic Printing Technique
Authors: Trinh Chinh Dung , Doan Thuan Van , Thi Pham Phuong Hau , Thi Dang Dung My , Quan Pham Van , Dang Chien Mau
Published: February 2020

YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by two methods, namely the sonochemical method and hydrothermal method. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns showed the tetragonal phase of YVO4 (JCPDS 17-0341) was indexed in the diffraction peaks of all samples. The samples synthesized by the sonochemical method had a highly crystalline structure (X-ray diffraction results) and luminescence intensity (photoluminescence results) than those synthesized by the hydrothermal method. According to the results of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), the average size of YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles was around 25–30 nm for the sonochemical method and 15–20 nm for the hydrothermal method. YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles in the case of the sonochemical method had a better crystalline structure and stronger emissivity at 618 nm. The Eu3+ ions’ average lifetime in YVO4:Eu3+ at 618 nm emission under 275 nm excitation were at 0.955 ms for the sonochemical method and 0.723 ms for the hydrothermal method. The security ink for inkjet devices contained YVO4:Eu3+ nanoparticles, the binding agent as polyethylene oxide or ethyl cellulose and other necessary solvents. The device used for security label printing was an inkjet printer with an electrohydrodynamic printing technique (EHD). In the 3D optical profilometer results, the width of the printed line was ~97–167 µm and the thickness at ~9.1–9.6 µm. The printed security label obtained a well-marked shape, with a size at 1.98 × 1.98 mm.
Dominance Conditions for Optimal Order-Lot Matching in the Make-To-Order Production System
Authors: Kim Jae-Gon , Bang June-Young , Jun Hong-Bae , Shin Jong-Ho
Published: February 2020

Order-lot matching is the process of assigning items in lots being processed in the make-to-order production system to meet the due dates of the orders. In this study, an order-lot matching problem (OLMP) is considered to minimize the total tardiness of orders with different due dates. In the OLMP considered in this study, we need to not only determine the allocation of items to lots in the production facility but also generate a lot release plan for the given time horizon. We show that the OLMP can be considered as a special type of machine scheduling problem with many similarities to the single machine total tardiness scheduling problem ( 1 | | ∑ T i ). We suggest dominance conditions for the OLMP by modifying those for 1 | | ∑ T i and a dynamic programming (DP) model based on the dominance conditions. With two example problems, we show that the DP model can solve small-sized OLMPs optimally.
Nutritional Quality and Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Selected Date Fruit Varieties of the United Arab Emirates
Authors: Rambabu Krishnamoorthy , Bharath Govindan , Hai Abdul , Banat Fawzi , Hasan Shadi W. , Taher Hanifa , Mohd Zaid Hayyiratul Fatimah
Published: February 2020

Production of highly soluble date sugar powder from the nutritive date fruits will be a suitable and superior alternative to commercial refined sugar, providing sustainability in date palm cultivation. A good understanding of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of date fruits is imperative for this purpose. In this work, 11 different date fruit species commonly cultivated in the United Arab Emirates were studied for their chemical composition, physical properties, amino acids, minerals, and anti-nutritional contents. The results revealed that the date fruits contain moisture, protein, lipid, and ash content in the ranges of 14.8%–20.5%, 2.19%–3.12%, 0.25%–0.51%, and 1.37%–1.97%, respectively. Potassium was identified as the major microelement in all the date varieties. Amino acid assay depicted that the date fruits mainly contained glutamine and aspartic acids, along with other essential acids. Monosaccharides (glucose and fructose) were more prevalent in the date fruits than polysaccharides (sucrose), exhibiting the potential of date fruit for non-diabetic sugar production. Phytoconstituents present in date samples, such as flavonoids, oxalates, tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and cyanides, were also evaluated and reported. Results showed that although all date fruit varieties were nutritious, they contain significant variation in their nutritional, physical, elemental, and phytochemical properties.
An Overview of the Biolubricant Production Process: Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Cecilia Juan Antonio , Ballesteros Plata Daniel , Alves Saboya Rosana Maria , Tavares de Luna Francisco Murilo , Cavalcante Celio L. , Rodríguez-Castellón Enrique
Published: February 2020

The term biolubricant applies to all lubricants that are easily biodegradable and non-toxic to humans and the environment. The uses of biolubricant are still very limited when compared to those of mineral oils, although this trend is increasing and depends on investment in research and development (R&D). The increase in demand for biodegradable lubricants is related to the evolution of environmental regulations, with more restrictive rules being implemented to minimize environmental impact caused by inappropriate disposal. This study provides an overview of the types, production routes, properties, and applications of biolubricants. Biolubricants are classified as either natural or synthetic oils according to chemical composition. Natural oils are of animal or vegetable origin and are rarely used because they are unstable at high temperatures and form compounds that are harmful to equipment and machines. Synthetic oils are obtained from chemical reactions and are the best lubricants for demanding applications. They are obtained by various routes, mainly by obtaining straight or branched-chain monoesters, diesters, triesters, and polyol esters from vegetable oils. The conversion of triglyceride to esters can be followed or preceded by one or more reactions to improve reactions such as epoxidation and hydrogenation.
3D Magneto-Buoyancy-Thermocapillary Convection of CNT-Water Nanofluid in the Presence of a Magnetic Field
Authors: Kolsi Lioua , Algarni Salem , Mohammed Hussein A. , Hassen Walid , Lajnef Emtinene , Aich Walid , Almeshaal Mohammed A.
Published: February 2020

A numerical study is performed to investigate the effects of adding Carbon Nano Tube (CNT) and applying a magnetic field in two directions (vertical and horizontal) on the 3D-thermo-capillary natural convection. The cavity is differentially heated with a free upper surface. Governing equations are solved using the finite volume method. Results are presented in term of flow structure, temperature field and rate of heat transfer. In fact, results revealed that the flow structure and heat transfer rate are considerably affected by the magnitude and the direction of the magnetic field, the presence of thermocapillary forces and by increasing nanoparticles volume fraction. In opposition, the increase of the magnetic field magnitude leads to the control the flow causing flow stabilization by merging vortexes and reducing heat transfer rate.
Evolution of Phase Composition and Antibacterial Activity of Zr–C Thin Films
Authors: Mydłowska Katarzyna , Czerwińska Ewa , Gilewicz Adam , Dobruchowska Ewa , Jakubczyk Ewa , Szparaga Łukasz , Ceynowa Przemysław , Ratajski Jerzy
Published: February 2020

The research presented in this article concerns Zr–C coatings which were deposited on 304L steel by reactive magnetron sputtering from the Zr target in an Ar–C2H2 atmosphere at various acetylene flow rates, resulting in various atomic carbon concentrations in the coating. The article describes research covering the change in the antibacterial and anticorrosive properties of these coatings due to the change in their chemical and phase composition. The concentration of C in the coatings varied from 21 to 79 at.%. The coating morphology and the elemental distribution in individual coatings were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy with an energy-dispersive X-ray analytical system. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy were used to analyze their microstructure and phase composition. Parallel changes in the mechanical properties of the coatings were analyzed. Based on the obtained results, it was concluded that the wide possibility of shaping the mechanical properties of Zr–C coatings in combination with relatively good antibacterial properties after exceeding 50 at.% of carbon concentration in coatings and high protective potential of these coatings make them a good candidate for medical applications. In particular, corrosion tests showed the high anti-pitting potential of Zr–C coatings in the environment of artificial saliva.
Near-Null Geomagnetic Field as an Innovative Method of Fruit Storage
Authors: Zaguła Grzegorz , Tarapatskyy Maria , Bajcar Marcin , Saletnik Bogdan , Puchalski Czesław , Marczuk Andrzej , Andrejko Dariusz , Oszmiański Jan
Published: February 2020

The article presents the findings of a study investigating the effects of storing Jonagold apples for six weeks in a condition in which the vertical component of the geomagnetic field has been eliminated (near null GMF) and in control conditions representing those applied in traditional storage (i.e., in the local geomagnetic field (local GMF)). Analyses of the fruit were performed before the start of and three times during the experiment (i.e., following four, five and six weeks in storage). The contents of simple sugars were measured using the HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) method; refractometry was applied to identify total extract; thermogravimetry was used to measure the water content, volatile substances and total ash; calorific value and intensity of respiration were examined by measuring CO2 emissions. Significant differences were found between the apples stored in the experimental and under control conditions, showing an advantage of storage in a condition with the vertical component of the geomagnetic field removed. Statistically significant differences were mainly identified in the speed of starch conversion into simple sugars, as well as the intensity of respiration and the appearance of the two groups of apples. Storage of fruit in a compensated geomagnetic field proved to be an effective method permitting an extended duration of storage without significant deterioration of the physicochemical and organoleptic properties of apples.
Sim-to-Real Quadrotor Landing via Sequential Deep Q-Networks and Domain Randomization
Authors: Polvara Riccardo , Patacchiola Massimiliano , Hanheide Marc , Neumann Gerhard
Published: February 2020

The autonomous landing of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on a marker is one of the most challenging problems in robotics. Many solutions have been proposed, with the best results achieved via customized geometric features and external sensors. This paper discusses for the first time the use of deep reinforcement learning as an end-to-end learning paradigm to find a policy for UAVs autonomous landing. Our method is based on a divide-and-conquer paradigm that splits a task into sequential sub-tasks, each one assigned to a Deep Q-Network (DQN), hence the name Sequential Deep Q-Network (SDQN). Each DQN in an SDQN is activated by an internal trigger, and it represents a component of a high-level control policy, which can navigate the UAV towards the marker. Different technical solutions have been implemented, for example combining vanilla and double DQNs, and the introduction of a partitioned buffer replay to address the problem of sample efficiency. One of the main contributions of this work consists in showing how an SDQN trained in a simulator via domain randomization, can effectively generalize to real-world scenarios of increasing complexity. The performance of SDQNs is comparable with a state-of-the-art algorithm and human pilots while being quantitatively better in noisy conditions.
Visual Flight Rules-Based Collision Avoidance Systems for UAV Flying in Civil Aerospace
Authors: Alturbeh Hamid , Whidborne James F.
Published: February 2020

The operation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in civil airspace is restricted by the aviation authorities, which require full compliance with regulations that apply for manned aircraft. This paper proposes control algorithms for a collision avoidance system that can be used as an advisory system or a guidance system for UAVs that are flying in civil airspace under visual flight rules. A decision-making system for collision avoidance is developed based on the rules of the air. The proposed architecture of the decision-making system is engineered to be implementable in both manned aircraft and UAVs to perform different tasks ranging from collision detection to a safe avoidance manoeuvre initiation. Avoidance manoeuvres that are compliant with the rules of the air are proposed based on pilot suggestions for a subset of possible collision scenarios. The proposed avoidance manoeuvres are parameterized using a geometric approach. An optimal collision avoidance algorithm is developed for real-time local trajectory planning. Essentially, a finite-horizon optimal control problem is periodically solved in real-time hence updating the aircraft trajectory to avoid obstacles and track a predefined trajectory. The optimal control problem is formulated in output space, and parameterized by using B-splines. Then the optimal designed outputs are mapped into control inputs of the system by using the inverse dynamics of a fixed wing aircraft.
Bilaterally Symmetrical: To Be or Not to Be?
Authors: Corballis Michael C.
Published: February 2020

We belong to a clade of species known as the bilateria, with a body plan that is essentially symmetrical with respect to left and right, an adaptation to the indifference of the natural world to mirror-reflection. Limbs and sense organs are in bilaterally symmetrical pairs, dictating a high degree of symmetry in the brain itself. Bilateral symmetry can be maladaptive, though, especially in the human world where it is important to distinguish between left and right sides, and between left-right mirror images, as in reading directional scripts. The brains of many animals have evolved asymmetries, often but not exclusively in functions not dependent on sensory input or immediate reaction to the environment. Brain asymmetries in humans have led to exaggerate notions of a duality between the sides of the brain. The tradeoff between symmetry and asymmetry results in individual differences in brain asymmetries and handedness, contributing to a diversity of aptitude and divisions of labor. Asymmetries may have their origin in fundamental molecular asymmetries going far back in biological evolution.
Injection Vaccines Formulated with Nucleotide, Liposomal or Mineral Oil Adjuvants Induce Distinct Differences in Immunogenicity in Rainbow Trout
Authors: Rømer Villumsen Kasper , Kania Per Walter , Christensen Dennis , Koppang Erling Olaf , Bojesen Anders Miki
Published: February 2020

Protection facilitated by the widespread use of mineral oil adjuvanted injection vaccines in salmonid fish comes with adverse effects of varying severity. In this study, we characterized the immunological profiles of two alternative vaccine formulations, both with proven efficacy and an improved safety profile in rainbow trout. Experimental injection vaccines were prepared on an identical whole-cell Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin platform and were formulated with CpG oligodeoxynucleotides, a liposomal (CAF01) or a benchmark mineral oil adjuvant, respectively. A naïve group, as well as bacterin and saline-injected groups were also included. Following administration, antigen-specific serum antibody titers, the tissue distribution of immune cell markers, and the expression of immune-relevant genes following the in vitro antigenic restimulation of anterior kidney leukocytes was investigated. Immunohistochemical staining suggested prolonged antigen presentation for the particulate formulations and increased mucosal presence of antigen-presenting cells in all immunized fish. Unlike the other immunized groups, the CAF01 group only displayed a transient elevation in specific antibody titers and immunohistochemical observations, and the transcription data suggest an increased role of cell-mediated immunity for this group. Finally, the transcription profile of the CpG formulation approached that of a TH1 profile. When compared to the benchmark formulation, CAF01 and CpG adjuvants induce slight, but distinct differences in the resulting protective immune responses. This is important, as it allows a broader immunological approach for the future development of safer vaccines.
The Effect of Soil Tillage Equipment on the Recharge Capacity of Infiltration Ponds
Authors: Negev Ido , Shechter Tamir , Shtrasler Lilach , Rozenbach Hadar , Livne Avri
Published: February 2020

The Dan Region Reclamation Project (Shafdan) reclaims ~125 millions of cubic meters per year (Mm3/year) of treated wastewater from the Tel Aviv Metropolitan area. Following secondary treatment, the effluent is recharged into a sandy aquifer for soil aquifer treatment (SAT). Over the past three years, a decrease in recharge capacity was noticed. Several operational causes were considered including reservations regarding the tillage procedure of recharge ponds. Tillage of the recharge ponds facilitates aeration, breaking surface crusts and the removal of vegetation. The procedure includes deep (40–60 cm) plowing and shallow (10–20 cm) sweep-knives (SK) cultivator or discus. In this research, the existing tillage equipment was compared to a new equipment, which includes a deep subsoiler and a chisel-knives (CK) cultivator. The effects of each tool on the infiltration rate (IR), recharge capacity, and soil compaction were examined. The results suggest a significant improvement in the recharge capacity, up to 95% and 15% on average following subsoiler and CK cultivator treatments, respectively, with respect to the existing plowing treatment. In addition, the depth of the compacted soil layer increased from ~30 to ~55 cm after subsoiler treatment. It seems that this shallow layer, developed under an improper tillage regime, played a major role in the reduction of the recharge capacity. Essential understanding of other operational factors such as drying periods, preparation of the field, and soil micro-topography was also achieved.
Sodium-Based Osmotherapy in Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: a Mathematical Approach
Authors: Yee Jerry , Mohiuddin Naushaba , Gradinariu Tudor , Uduman Junior , Frinak Stanley
Published: February 2020

Cerebral edema, in a variety of circumstances, may be accompanied by states of hyponatremia. The threat of brain injury from hypotonic stress-induced astrocyte demyelination is more common when vulnerable patients with hyponatremia who have end stage liver disease, traumatic brain injury, heart failure, or other conditions undergo overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. These scenarios, in the context of declining urinary output from CKD and/or AKI, may require controlled elevations of plasma tonicity vis-à-vis increases of the plasma sodium concentration. We offer a strategic solution to this problem via sodium-based osmotherapy applied through a conventional continuous RRT modality: predilution continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF NANOPARTICLE ALBUMIN-BOUND PACLITAXEL VERSUS PACLITAXEL IN METASTATIC BREAST CANCER
Authors: Nguyen Van Cau , Cao Ngoc Thanh
Published: February 2020

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of nab-pacitaxel versus paclitaxel in patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Patients and Methods: A total of 92 patients with metastatic breast cancer received chemotherapy for nab-palitaxel versus paclitaxel at the dose of 260mg/m2 and 175mg/m2 respectively for total 8 cycles at the Hospital of Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy and of Hue Central Hospital from February 2013 to October 2015.
Results: The mean age in two groups of patients is 54 and 53 years old. The ECOG index was 0-1 in both groups. Menopausal status accounted for 73% in 2 groups. Dominant metastatic organ sites of two groups are bone, lung, liver. Multiple sites of metastasis in nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel groups were 18% and 20%, respectively. The response rate of patients with nab-paclitaxel was 54.5% versus 31.2% in the paclitaxel group, p = 0.024. The time to progression was 8.46 months in the nab-paclitaxel group and 7.38 months in the paclitaxel group, p = 0.019. The median survival time of the nab-paclitaxel and paclitaxel groups was 28.89 and 27.79 months, respectively, p = 0.554. Neutropenia rates in the nab-pacitaxel and paclitaxel groups were 27.3% and 39.6% respectively, p = 0.033. Other toxicities were similar in both groups.
Conclusion: Nab-Paclitaxel has clinical benefits over paclitaxel in metastatic breast cancer because of higher response rate, prolonged time to progression and less neutropenia.

Key words: metastatic breast cancer, nab-paclitaxel, paclitaxel
Stabilizačné nástroje samosprávnych krajov v období hospodárskej krízy
Authors: Gašparík Jozef
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on the term during financial crisis which especially in 2009 resulted in decrease of self-governing regions revenues. Banskobystrický, Nitriansky and Trnavský self-governing region during mentioned year recorded the decline of it´s expenditures comparing to the previous year. Research analyzed closing accounts of mentioned regiones to identify instruments and politics, which were used by these institutions to stabilize their financial situation. Analysis of documentation find out that there were some instruments used by all researched regions. Between those instruments belong surplus of previous years, loans and reducing operative expenditures. On the side of revenues there were used financial transfers and refunded projects by the EU. Very strong instrument on the side of expenditrues was identified abandoning of realization of capital projects.
Rozpustenie extrémistických strán v judikatúre Slovenska a Českej republiky
Authors: Kolman Boris
Published: February 2020

The paper deals with the dissolution of extremist parties in the case-law of Slovakia and Czech republic. The chosen research method is the comparison based on analysis of a limited number of examples, which is a method commonly used to study regimes, governments, or various institutions. Aim of the work is identify differences and similiarities between Slovak and Czech case-law on dissolution of an extremist political party. These differences and similarities will be identified through the comparison of: legislations of the possible dissolution of a political party, legal grounds for the dissolution of a political party and legal grounds for the decision to dissolve of a political party.
Krajské zriadenie v ČR a jeho vplyv na región Moravy
Authors: Meluš Matúš
Published: February 2020

Moravia is one of the historical regions of the Czech Republic and its center is currently Brno. It is located in the eastern part of the country and some enclaves are also in Silesia or Slovakia. I aim to research the administrative status of this specific region in terms of history, geography, culture or language. As in Slovakia, the regional organization is problematic in the Czech conditions and these aspects are not taken into account. This contribution tries to bring the view from the constitutional and historical development perspective. The requirements of Moravians were not solved by the establishment of the regional units in 2000. On the other hand, current autonomous tendencies are not so strong as in the 1990s. The aim is also to analyze the development of the whole region and to define the views of political parties at national and local level through analyzing, comparison and synthesis.
Súčasné výzvy v oblasti mládeže
Authors: Mulinová Natália
Published: February 2020

The main aim of the paper is to detect current youth challenges in the context of modern Europe, based on the new European Union Strategy for Youth, which will be a source document fot the years 2019 to 2027. An integral part of the Strategy are the European goals and challenges of the current generation of young people, determined by youth across Europe, as a result of the sixth cycle of the European Youth Dialogue, entitled 'Youth in Europe: What is next? In view of eleven European goals and challenges for young Europeans, we initiated a pilot survey in the form of a questionnaire with students at University of St. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava. The aim of the pilot survey was to obtain relevant data, information from the student's perspective, capturing the attitudes and opinions on the individual areas that the European objectives accurately define. On the basis of the research results, students know most about the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union. They know the least about the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Council. In general, however, they are skeptical of the European Union and its institutions, although, as the survey has shown, students rarely seek information about its activities. Gender equality is one of the other cross-sectoral areas incorporated in the European Youth Goals and Challenges. Students (61.9%) realize that in the conditions of the Slovak Republic discriminatory tendencies prevail over the issue of equal employment opportunities for men and women, which most often result from stereotyped beliefs. One of the most critical areas that European youth has defined is the mental health of young people, which is currently stigmatized. Increasing risk of mental disorders is also recognized by the students involved in our survey (79.9%). Social networks, pressures from society, increased demands of employers or discriminatory manifestations are the most cited causes by students.
Úloha kontroly vo verejnej správe
Authors: Novák Matúš
Published: February 2020

The article deals with the role of control in public administration within the Slovak Republic, its definition, legislative determination and its division. It is focused on the analysis of control activities of the chief auditor´s office in the town of Stará Ľubovňa. The aim is to point out the role of control in public administration and to evaluate the performance of control activities carried out by the chief auditor of Stará Ľubovňa for the years 2017 - 2018. The chief auditor of this town provided an interview and all materials related to the controls for the above years. Obtained data shows that the control activity within the city of Stará Ľubovňa for the years 2017 and 2018 is effective and fulfills its role, the city puts strong accent on being carried out properly, effectively and within the limits of the law. In the present paper several methods were used, especially the method of analysis, synthesis, but also concreteization.
Bezpečnosť a ochrana svetového prírodného a kultúrneho dedičstva UNESCO
Authors: Ondrejmišková Ivana , Kazanský Rastislav
Published: February 2020

Every day there are lot of situations and events that put life, health, the environment or various other areas in danger that consequently affect smaller territories, entire states, or different geographical areas. These events can be caused by natural factors, human factor failure, war conflicts, or other facts. In these situations, the greatest attention, protection and safety must be given to the protection of the life and health of the population. However, there are other areas in the ranking of priorities and of society-wide interest and importance. The area that I will address in my contribution is the safety and protection of the UNESCO World Heritage.
Europeizácia migračnej politiky Slovenska
Authors: Práznovská Monika
Published: February 2020

Migration policy of Slovakia, its development and formation before and after the accession of the Slovak Republic to the European Union is still a little explored area. Examining the Europeanisation of migration policy and its shaping is important because of the changes that have taken place after joining the European Union. The aim is to analyze the development of migration policy before and after Slovakia's accession to the European Union. At the same time, however, capture the migration concept of Slovakia and its changes that have occurred and thus point to the degree of Europeanization. Slovakia's accession to the European Union required the application of various and above all fundamental changes in the area of migration policy. For this reason, it is possible to speak of Europeanization by means of several theories of Europeanization. As a result, Slovak migration policy has been europeanised, thus adapted to European legislation and institutional adaptation.
Goal Programming Model for Production-Distribution Planning by Considering Carbon Emission
Authors: AKTAS Ahmet , TEMİZ İzzettin
Published: February 2020

Companies must manage their supply chains effectively under changing conditions in marketplace in order to be successful against their competitors. As a result of some regulations in recent years, companies are forced to consider the damage they cause to the environment by their supply chain activities. In this paper, a production-distribution problem, which concerns economic and environmental effects, is considered. A multi-product, multi-stage production-distribution network with different transportation alternatives is modelled in the problem. A goal programming model is proposed to support planning decisions of this production-distribution network by considering the profit of network activities and the carbon emission value caused by material and product transportation. A randomly generated set of test data was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed model can be used as an effective tool for environmentally friendly production-distribution planning
Factores asociados a satisfacción en el primer nivel de atención en cuatro establecimientos de salud peruanos
Authors: Valladares-Garrido Mario J. , Quiñones-Villegas Alexandra , Sánchez-Quispe Juan M. , Basurto-Ayala Patricia , Inga-Berrospi Fiorella
Published: February 2020

Objetivo: Identificar factores asociados a satisfacción en el primer nivel de atención. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal utilizando la encuesta SERVQUAL para medir satisfacción de forma global y por dimensiones. Se estimaron razones de prevalencia (RP) utilizando modelos lineales generalizados. Resultados: De 120 encuestados, el 27,5% reportó satisfacción. El sexo femenino (RPa:0,57, IC95%:0,32-0,99), ser joven (RPa:0,33, IC95%:0.19-0.60), adulto (RPa:0,33, IC95%:0,19-0,60), adulto mayor (RPa:0,46, IC95%:0,28-0,76) y tener seguro SIS (RPa:0,68, IC95%:0,57-0,81) se asociaron negativamente a satisfacción. Ser atendido en gineco-obstetricia (RPa:2,15, IC95%:1,06-4,35), medicina general-especialidades (RP:1,58, IC95%:1,38-1,81), y ser usuario (PR:2,11, IC95%:1,34-3,33) se asoció positivamente a satisfacción. Conclusiones: La satisfacción reportada por usuarios y/o acompañantes en primer nivel de atención es baja. El sexo femenino, pertenecer a tres de cuatro grupos etáreos y tener SIS disminuyó la prevalencia de satisfacción global percibida. Mientras que ser atendido por gineco-obstetricia, medicina general-especialidades, ser usuario de la atención incrementó el nivel de satisfacción global.
Designing the Model of the Management of Mental Health Services
Authors: Rahbari Shahrooz , Riahi Leila , Tabibi Jamaleddin
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Having mental health is necessary for the growth and prosperity of humans and as a result of the growth of societies.Objectives: The purpose of this study was to design a mental health management model in Iran.Methods: In this exploratory study, a review study was first performed to analyze the current state of mental health services in Iran and the world. Countries were selected to compare mental health management with Iran in 6 domains. 311 faculty members with mental health were completed by completing a questionnaire with 50 items in the study. Using the factor analysis, the final model was explained. Results: The effective domains in Iranian mental health services management were named in 8 areas: Mental Health in Particular, Key Centers and Task-Shifting, Human Resources and Specialists Training, Psychological Services for Children and Adolescents, Financial Resources and Hospital Services, Mental Health in PHC and Primary medical services, Policy-Making and Human Rights, Monitoring and Control, Community-Based Services. Conclusions: The proposed model of mental health services management in Iran consists of 8 domains, which is a comprehensive and multidimensional concept. Paying attention to its factors can lead to the successful management of mental health services in Iran.
Leucemia-Linfoma Linfoblástico de Células Precursoras B con eosinofilia severa, en una paciente adulta joven
Authors: Tello-Vera Stalin , Novoa-Pérez Karla
Published: February 2020

Introducción: La leucemia linfoblástica aguda (LLA) de células B es el subtipo más común de LLA en niños.(1,2) La LLA que se presenta como hipereosinofilia en sangre periférica es muy rara y la incidencia es <1%.(3) Reporte de caso: En este caso, se presenta a una joven de 25 años de edad, diagnosticada inicialmente como neumonía adquirida en la comunidad y reacción leucemoide con hipereosinofília. La cual posteriormente reingresa por un cuadro de distres respiratorio, hallándose también doble lesión mitral moderada, insuficiencia tricuspídea moderada, hipertensión pulmonar leve y derrame pericardio leve; finalmente se realizó, con ayuda de exámenes auxiliares, un diagnóstico definitivo de Leucemia linfoblástica aguda B con eosinofília severa.
Physical activity regulates the intestinal microbiota composition
Authors: Jurdana Mihaela , Barlič-Maganja Darja
Published: February 2020

Gut microbiota is the name given today to the bacterial population living in our intestine. It provides nutrients, metabolites and affects the immune system. Recent animals and human studies suggest that regular physical activity increases the presence of beneficial microbial species of gut microbiota and improves the health status of the host. When gut bacteria diversity reduces, there are systemic consequences leading to gastrointestinal, physiological and psychological distress. This review describes the communication pathway of the microbiota-gut-brain axes and other possible mechanisms by which physical activity causes changes in microbiota composition. Furthermore, it provides the latest evidence of the beneficial role of exercise, which in turn can affect health and various disease processes. The results of research studies in this area are increasingly becoming a focus of scientific attention.