bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Stimulates Theca-Interstitial Cell Proliferation and Cell Cycle Regulatory Proteins by a cAMP-Dependent Activation of AKT/mTORC1 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Palaniappan Murugesan , Menon K.M.J.
Published: July 2010

In addition to playing a cardinal role in androgen production, LH also regulates growth and proliferation of theca-interstitial (T-I) cells. Here, we show for the first time that LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) regulates T-I cell proliferation via the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling network. LH/hCG treatment showed a time-dependent stimulation of T-I cell proliferation and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT), ERK1/2, and ribosomal protein (rp)S6 kinase 1 (S6K1), and its downstream effector, rpS6. Pharmacological inhibition of ERK1/2 signaling did not block the hCG-induced phosphorylation of tuberin, the upstream regulator of mTORC1 or S6K1, the downstream target of mTORC1. However, inhibition of AKT signaling completely blocked the hCG response. Furthermore, the AKT-specific inhibitor abolished forskolin (FSK)-stimulated phosphorylation of AKT, tuberin, S6K1, and rpS6. Human CG and FSK-mediated phosphorylation of AKT and downstream targets of mTORC1 were attenuated by inhibition of adenylyl cyclase. Pharmacologic targeting of mTORC1 with rapamycin also abrogated hCG or FSK-induced phosphorylation of S6K1, rpS6, and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1. In addition, hCG or FSK-mediated up-regulation of the cell cycle regulatory proteins cyclin-dependent kinase 4, cyclin D3, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was blocked by rapamycin. These results were further confirmed by demonstrating that knockdown of mTORC1 using small interfering RNA abolished hCG-mediated increases in cell proliferation and the expression of cyclin D3 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen. Taken together, the present studies show a novel intracellular signaling pathway for T-I cell proliferation involving LH/hCG-mediated activation of the AKT/mTORC1 signaling cascade.
AMPK Regulates Metabolic Actions of Glucocorticoids by Phosphorylating the Glucocorticoid Receptor through p38 MAPK
Authors: Nader Nancy , Ng Sinnie Sin Man , Lambrou George I. , Pervanidou Panagiota , Wang Yonghong , Chrousos George P. , Kino Tomoshige
Published: July 2010

Glucocorticoids play central roles in the regulation of energy metabolism by shifting it toward catabolism, whereas AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the master regulator of energy homeostasis, sensing energy depletion and stimulating pathways of increasing fuel uptake and saving on peripheral supplies. We showed here that AMPK regulates glucocorticoid actions on carbohydrate metabolism by targeting the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and modifying transcription of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in a tissue- and promoter-specific fashion. Activation of AMPK in rats reversed glucocorticoid-induced hepatic steatosis and suppressed glucocorticoid-mediated stimulation of glucose metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis in the liver suggested marked overlaps between the AMPK and glucocorticoid signaling pathways directed mostly from AMPK to glucocorticoid actions. AMPK accomplishes this by phosphorylating serine 211 of the human GR indirectly through phosphorylation and consequent activation of p38 MAPK and by altering attraction of transcriptional coregulators to DNA-bound GR. In human peripheral mononuclear cells, AMPK mRNA expression positively correlated with that of glucocorticoid-responsive glucocorticoid-inducible leucine zipper protein, which correlated also positively with the body mass index of subjects. These results indicate that the AMPK-mediated energy control system modulates glucocorticoid action at target tissues. Because increased action of glucocorticoids is associated with the development of metabolic disorders, activation of AMPK could be a promising target for developing pharmacological interventions to these pathologies.
Temporal specification of blood progenitors from mouse embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells
Authors: Irion Stefan , Clarke Raedun L. , Luche Hervé , Kim Injune , Morrison Sean J. , Fehling Hans-Joerg , Keller Gordon M.
Published: July 2010

The efficient and reproducible generation of differentiated progenitors from pluripotent stem cells requires the recapitulation of appropriate developmental stages and pathways. Here, we have used the combination of activin A, BMP4 and VEGF under serum-free conditions to induce hematopoietic differentiation from both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, with the aim of modeling the primary sites of embryonic hematopoiesis. We identified two distinct Flk1-positive hematopoietic populations that can be isolated based on temporal patterns of emergence. The earliest arising population displays characteristics of yolk sac hematopoiesis, whereas a late developing Flk1-positive population appears to reflect the para-aortic splanchnopleura hematopoietic program, as it has reduced primitive erythroid capacity and substantially enhanced myeloid and lymphoid potential compared with the earlier wave. These differences between the two populations are accompanied by differences in the expression of Sox17 and Hoxb4, as well as in the cell surface markers AA4.1 and CD41. Together, these findings support the interpretation that the two populations are representative of the early sites of mammalian hematopoiesis.
Arginine methylation of SmB is required for Drosophila germ cell development
Authors: Anne Joël
Published: July 2010

Sm proteins constitute the common core of spliceosomal small nuclear ribonucleoproteins. Although Sm proteins are known to be methylated at specific arginine residues within the C-terminal arginine-glycine dipeptide (RG) repeats, the biological relevance of these modifications remains unknown. In this study, a tissue-specific function of arginine methylation of the SmB protein was identified in Drosophila. Analysis of the distribution of SmB during oogenesis revealed that this protein accumulates at the posterior pole of the oocyte, a cytoplasmic region containing the polar granules, which are necessary for the formation of primordial germ cells. The pole plasm localisation of SmB requires the methylation of arginine residues in its RG repeats by the Capsuléen-Valois methylosome complex. Functional studies showed that the methylation of these arginine residues is essential for distinct processes of the germline life cycle, including germ cell formation, migration and differentiation. In particular, the methylation of a subset of these arginine residues appears essential for the anchoring of the polar granules at the posterior cortex of the oocyte, whereas the methylation of another subset controls germ cell migration during embryogenesis. These results demonstrate a crucial role of arginine methylation in directing the subcellular localisation of SmB and that this modification contributes specifically to the establishment and development of germ cells.
Thermodynamics of RNA melting, one base pair at a time: FIGURE 1.
Authors: Nikolova Evgenia N. , Al-Hashimi Hashim M.
Published: July 2010

The melting of base pairs is a ubiquitous feature of RNA structural transitions, which are widely used to sense and respond to cellular stimuli. A recent study employing solution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imino proton exchange spectroscopy provides a rare base-pair-specific view of duplex melting in the Salmonella FourU RNA thermosensor, which regulates gene expression in response to changes in temperature at the translational level by undergoing a melting transition. The authors observe “microscopic” enthalpy–entropy compensation—often seen “macroscopically” across a series of related molecular species—across base pairs within the same RNA. This yields variations in base-pair stabilities that are an order of magnitude smaller than corresponding variations in enthalpy and entropy. A surprising yet convincing link is established between the slopes of enthalpy–entropy correlations and RNA melting points determined by circular dichroism (CD), which argues that unfolding occurs when base-pair stabilities are equalized. A single AG-to-CG mutation, which enhances the macroscopic hairpin thermostability and folding cooperativity and renders the RNA thermometer inactive in vivo, spreads its effect microscopically throughout all base pairs in the RNA, including ones far removed from the site of mutation. The authors suggest that an extended network of hydration underlies this long-range communication. This study suggests that the deconstruction of macroscopic RNA unfolding in terms of microscopic unfolding events will require careful consideration of water interactions.
Hub Group Implements a Suite of OR Tools to Improve Its Operations
Authors: Gorman Michael F.
Published: July 2010

Hub Group, a North American intermodal freight rail transportation company, developed an integrated production decision support system to improve its yield management and container allocation. The system combines a suite of analytical tools, including forecasting, error distribution analysis, expected value-based heuristics, and optimization tools to improve the decision making of Hub's frontline employees. It is important to note that the production decision support system was structured to fit within Hub's existing organizational structure, business processes, and information technology systems to reduce project risk, development costs, and operational disruption. In 2008, the system's first full year of use, Hub improved its revenue per load by 3 percent and increased its container velocity by 5 percent. These improvements led to a net return of $11 million in cost savings, which equals 22 times Hub's initial investment during that first year of operation.
Engendering politics and policy: the legacy of New Labour
Authors: Annesley Claire , Gains Francesca , Rummery Kirstein
Published: July 2010

This article analyses the capacity of a single political party – New Labour in the UK – to engender politics and policy. It draws on Kingdon’s (1984) policy streams approach to demonstrate how with the election of New Labour in 1997 a window of opportunity emerged for gender changes in political representation, governance and policy terms. It argues that the commitment to engendering politics was an important step towards engendering policy, but that policy promoting gender equality does not automatically follow from more gender-balanced political representation. Despite some successes, gendered policy change is constrained by: the way gendered policy problems are framed; the slow pace of change in institutions of politics and governance; and the limits posed by policy solutions that had to fit with the dominant liberal market economic approach.
Francis of Assisi’s Way of Peace?: His Conversion and Mission to Egypt
Authors: Hoose Adam L.
Published: July 2010

Scholars often suggest that St. Francis of Assisi opposed the Fifth Crusade, because he renounced the military life at his conversion and preached to the Muslims in Egypt. Yet his renunciation of arms was only one component of his conversion, which he did not require for all Christians. Additionally, Francis neither explicitly nor implicitly opposed the crusade in Egypt but confronted the Muslims with the necessity of conversion. The sultan decided not to execute Francis, not because Francis offered him peace, but because political conditions did not allow such an action. In fact, Francis’s missionary ideal corresponded with that of contemporary ecclesiastical and secular authorities who also supported and participated in crusading.
Wendy Yoshimura and the Politics of Hugging in the 1970s
Authors: Yeh Grace I.
Published: July 2010

This article examines Wendy Yoshimura, the Japanese American woman who gained notoriety when arrested alongside Patricia Hearst. The Japanese American redress movement was emerging as the American public was captivated by Hearst and her challenge to her white patrician family. By analyzing media representations of whom Hearst and Yoshimura embraced—what I call the politics of hugging—I argue that Japanese Americans publicized past grievances by deploying the discourse of the heteronormative family. In considering the queer intimacy between Yoshimura and Hearst fictionalized in Susan Choi's American Woman , I critique Yoshimura's publicity for eliding affiliations outside the straight logic of nation and race.
Assembling Asian American Men in Pornography: Shattering the Self toward Ethical Manhoods
Authors: Shimizu Celine Parreñas
Published: July 2010

In recent years, Darrell Hamamoto's political pornography Yellowcaust (2004) and James Hou's Masters of the Pillow (2004) present an Asian American anxiety regarding castrated heterosexual manhood which they propose to solve with the making of racially politicized pornography. In defining sexuality as a site of racial injury, their solution privileges gender hierarchy and heteronormative phallic power. Aiming to free our conceptions of manhood from the poles of vilified lack and valorized macho, I look to how sexual screens provide opportunities for the formulation of ethical manhoods—where sex expresses not only pleasure and power but care for self and others.
Market Stimulus and Genomic Justice: Evaluating the Effects of Market Access to Human Germ-Line Enhancement
Authors: Crozier G. K. D. , Hajzler Christopher
Published: July 2010

The concept of “market stimulus”—the idea that free markets can play a role in widening access to new technologies—may help support the view that parents should be permitted to purchase germ-line enhancements. However, a critical examination of the topic shows that market stimulus, even if it applies to human genomic interventions, does not provide sufficient reason for deregulating germ-line enhancements because: (1) it could widen the gap between the rich and the poor; (2) even if it does not widen the gap, it might not sufficiently benefit the poor; and (3) it could have harmful effects for future generations.
The Ethics of Research on Enhancement Interventions
Authors: Lev Ori , Miller Franklin G. , Emanuel Ezekiel J.
Published: July 2010

Biomedical enhancement interventions to make people stronger, smarter, and happier are currently being developed. Research to assess these enhancements should be conducted before their introduction into clinical practice. But, many worry that enhancement research is unethical. Some contend that the practice of biomedical enhancements is unethical; accordingly, research that enables such practice would be unethical. Others suggest that research on enhancement interventions does not promote health, exposing research participants to risks with no potential compensating health benefits either to themselves or to society. Categorically condemning research on biomedical enhancements as unethical is unwarranted, however, since at least some research on biomedical enhancements is likely to produce significant health benefits. Indeed, under certain circumstances enhancement research would be urgent, as it would address major public health concerns. Therefore, a blanket prohibition on enhancement research is unjustified. Instead, like any other clinical research, each proposed enhancement study should be reviewed individually to assess whether it fulfills the ethical requirements that make a clinical study permissible.
“The Shortcomings of Timetables”: Greenwich, Modernism, and the Limits of Modernity
Authors: Barrows Adam
Published: July 2010

The 1884 Prime Meridian Conference was a signal moment in the history of modernity, establishing a seamless space-time map and rendering the Greenwich Royal Observatory an international symbol of British imperial power. In this essay, I consider the representation of Greenwich Time at key moments in three canonical modernist texts: Joseph Conrad’s The Secret Agent , James Joyce’s Ulysses , and Virginia Woolf’s Mrs. Dalloway . Exposing the linkage of Greenwich Mean Time to regimes of power, knowledge, and commerce, these modernists sought to dislocate narrative temporality from its enlistment in the imperial project of world standard time.
From Discos to Jungles: Circuitous Queer Patronage and Sex Tourism in Jessica Hagedorn’s Dogeaters
Authors: Sohn Stephen Hong
Published: July 2010

This article interrogates Jessica Hagedorn’s Dogeaters through an extensive analysis of Joey Sands, one of the major queer characters within the novel, tracking his movement from Manila’s urban club culture to the politically infused jungle encampment that ends his narrative arc. This article further queries the marked absence of queer sexuality that Joey exhibits once he makes this final spatial transition, contextualizing this curious trajectory as part of a larger encrypted social context that problematically linked queer sexuality with the corruption of Marcos-era economic policy.
The Jews of Ruby, Oklahoma: Politics, Parallax, and Ideological Fantasy in Toni Morrison’s Paradise
Authors: Mellard James M.
Published: July 2010

This essay employs Slavoj Žižek’s elaborations of the Lacanian notion of ideological fantasy to analyze the political relationship of the people of Ruby, Oklahoma, to the outcast women of the Convent in Toni Morrison’s Paradise . That relationship exemplifies the role of the other Žižek identifies in “the conceptual Jew,” not the actually existing Jew but the fantasmatic image of the Jew of the anti–Semite. Addressing this image in the novel in terms of Žižek’s concept of the parallax gap leads to the conclusion that Morrison’s fictive world is as primordially divided as is Žižek’s philosophical one.
“Let Our Freak Flags Fly”: Shrek the Musical and the Branding of Diversity
Authors: Brater Jessica , Vecchio Jessica Del , Friedman Andrew , Holmstrom Bethany , Laine Eero , Levit Donald , Miller Hillary , Savran David , Smith Carly Griffin , Watt Kenn , Young Catherine , Zazzali Peter
Published: July 2010

“’Let Our Freak Flags Fly’: Shrek the Musical and the Branding of Diversity” argues that DreamWorks used Shrek the Musical to exploit a generic theme of multiculturalism to extend the reach of the Shrek franchise and challenge Disney’s domination of the Broadway market. By bringing a political-economic analysis to bear on the study of commercial theatre, the essay shows that DreamWorks’s marketing strategy—diversification—provided the theme—diversity—for the product it was employing to implement that strategy. Yet because Shrek ’s multicultural message is contradicted by the blatant racial stereotyping of Donkey, Shrek’s “jive-spouting sidekick,” the musical in fact epitomizes the contradictions that inform multiculturalism in the early twenty-first-century marketplace and functions as an unlikely emblem of the Age of Obama.
Watching Actors
Authors: Zamir Tzachi
Published: July 2010

Dramatic acting is often loosely associated with the freedom to be someone else. This essay presents a philosophical exploration of this idea. It suggests that dramatic acting is a form of what it calls “existential amplification,” a fictional actualization of usually unavailable possibilities that partly constitute the self (under one of the self’s renderings). Acting is able to fascinate its practitioners and its audiences because it involves such self-expansion. The essay then distinguishs the uniqueness of this kind of amplification from other forms of living more through art or literature. It presents an elaborate comparison between acting (or responding to acting) and reading literary works (or engaging with literary characters); it also defends a version of the distinction between acting and pretending. Finally, the essay asks whether some forms of acting are morally objectionable, given its analysis of acting’s metaphysical structure.
Winstanley, or the new-old law of film-making
Authors: Combs Richard
Published: July 2010

Made on a tiny budget of 24,000, Kevin Brownlow and Andrew Mollo's 1975 film Winstanley is a unique achievement in British cinema. Richard Combs considers Kevin Brownlow's frank account of the making of the film, Winstanley, Warts and All, and looks back on Winstanley
itself, finding in it both a beautiful reassertion of the purity of silent cinema and a radicalization of film form.
Psycho and the orchestration of anxiety
Authors: Deutsch Stephen
Published: July 2010

Since its release in 1960, Alfred Hitchcock'sPsychohas entered the consciousness of our culture as have few other films. Its striking imagery, combined with its universally recognized score, has prompted a wealth of scholarly output. New understanding in the areas of emotion and cognition now affords us the opportunity to re-examine this film from a less familiar vantage point. This article placesPsychowithin the context of American television drama of the 1950s and explores the effect of Bernard Herrmann's music on the emotional responses of the viewer, as well as the possible consequences of this effect on the literal reading of the film.
What a time it was! An essay on Antonioni's L'eclisse
Authors: Chion Michel , Renaud Alain , Siegel Don
Published: July 2010

L'eclisse is one of Michelangelo Antonioni's most important works, but it is also representative of this remarkable epoch in the history of cinema and the world. In a sense, the three films known as the Trilogy (this one and the two preceding it) are miraculously in tune with
their times, and especially the cinema of their times. They have a common subject or horizon, which is the end of the world an end of the world perceived as abstract and atomic. The sound in L'eclisse, even when it is predictable and normal and from a clearly visible cause, overflows
the reassuring and known image of its source and materializes the invisible.
Reviews
Authors: Christie Ian , Parsons Mik
Published: July 2010

Making Visual Music Eisenstein on the Audiovisual: The Montage of Music, Image and Sound in Cinema, Robert Robertson (2009) London: I B Tauris/Tauris Academic Studies ISBN 978-1-84511-839-6, Hardback, 54.50

Music, Sound and Multimedia: From the Live to the Virtual,
Jamie Sexton (Ed.) (2007) Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 224 pp., ISBN: 9780748625345, Hardback, 55
Molecular bases of neuroserpin function and pathology
Authors: Caccia Sonia , Ricagno Stefano , Bolognesi Martino
Published: July 2010

Serpins build a large and evolutionary widespread protein superfamily, hosting members that are mainly Ser-protease inhibitors. Typically, serpins display a conserved core domain composed of three main β-sheets and 9–10 α-helices, for a total of approximately 350 amino acids. Neuroserpin (NS) is mostly expressed in neurons and in the central and peripheral nervous systems, where it targets tissue-type plasminogen activator. NS activity is relevant for axogenesis, synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity. Five (single amino acid) NS mutations are associated with severe neurodegenerative disease in man, leading to early onset dementia, epilepsy and neuronal death. The functional aspects of NS protease inhibition are linked to the presence of a long exposed loop (reactive center loop, RCL) that acts as bait for the incoming partner protease. Large NS conformational changes, associated with the cleavage of the RCL, trap the protease in an acyl-enzyme complex. Contrary to other serpins, this complex has a half-life of approximately 10 min. Conformational flexibility is held to be at the bases of NS polymerization leading to Collins bodies intracellular deposition and neuronal damage in the pathological NS variants. Two main general mechanisms of serpin polymerization are currently discussed. Both models require the swapping of the RCL among neighboring serpin molecules. Specific differences in the size of swapped regions, as well as differences in the folding stage at which polymerization can occur, distinguish the two models. The results provided by recent crystallographic and biophysical studies allow rationalization of the functional and pathological roles played by NS based on the analysis of four three-dimensional structures.
Alternative Procedure for Determination of Hot Mix Asphalt Creep Compliance
Authors: Zofka Adam , Yut Iliya
Published: July 2010

Creep compliance function is one of the fundamental properties of viscoelastic materials. In asphalt research, creep compliance is used in the prediction of low-temperature cracking, which is a prevalent distress in asphalt pavements in northern parts of the United States and Canada. The thermal cracking prediction model included in the current version of the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide requires the creep compliance of hot mix asphalt (HMA) materials as a primary input. The current AASHTO procedure for determining creep compliance of HMA is based on the indirect tension (IDT) test. The IDT test is performed on relatively thick cylindrical specimens, which makes this test unsuitable for field cores from thin layers and construction lifts. In addition, thick specimens do not allow for investigation of the gradual aging that occurs in asphalt layers due to oxidation and volatilization. This paper outlines the procedure that uses the bending beam rheometer (BBR) as an alternative to the IDT test to determine the low-temperature creep compliance of HMA using thin beam specimens. Twenty different HMA mixtures are tested at three temperature levels using both the IDT and the BBR instruments. The analysis of test results is presented in two parts. First, the variability in creep compliance values obtained from the IDT and the BBR tests is discussed. Next, the artificial neural networks (ANNs) are trained to (1) predict IDT results from BBR measurements using design parameters of HMA mixture and testing temperature as the model inputs and (2) backcalculate HMA creep compliance from the binder creep compliance and vice versa. It is concluded that testing HMA beams can be used instead of IDT specimens for the low-temperature characterization of HMA mixtures, and the ANN can be successfully used for the backcalculation of the creep compliance measured by both IDT and BBR devices.
Primary tumour size is a prognostic parameter in patients suffering from differentiated thyroid carcinoma with extrathyroidal growth: results of the MSDS trial
Authors: Krämer Jan Alexander , Schmid Kurt Werner , Dralle Henning , Dietlein Markus , Schicha Harald , Lerch Hartmut , Gerss Joachim , Frankewitsch Thomas , Schober Otmar , Riemann Burkhard
Published: July 2010

Objective

The Multicentre Study Differentiated Thyroid Cancer (MSDS) collective represents a well-defined group of patients with thyroid carcinomas with extrathyroidal extension. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of the primary tumour size with clinicopathological features as well as the outcome of patients with minimum and extensive extrathyroidal growth (pT3b- and pT4a-tumours; UICC 2002/2003, 6th ed).

Methods

The tumour diameter was available in 324 out of 351 MSDS patients (244 females, 80 males). Mean age of patients was 47.7±12.0 years (range, 20.1–69.8 years), and the median follow-up was 6.2 years. The relationship between primary tumour size and the following clinicopathological data was investigated: age, gender, histological tumour type (papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTC) versus follicular thyroid carcinomas (FTC)) and UICC/AJCC TNM classification. In addition, the correlation between primary tumour size and event-free and overall survival was assessed.

Results

The FTC of our series were significantly larger than PTC (3.46 vs 1.84 cm;P<0.001). Patients suffering from pT3b-tumours presented with significantly smaller tumour size than those with extensive extrathyroidal growth (pT4a-tumours) (1.9 vs 3.0 cm;P<0.01). All patients with distant metastases suffered from tumours >2 cm. Furthermore, event-free and overall survival were significantly correlated with increasing tumour size (P<0.05). Using multivariate analysis, a pT4a-category and a tumour diameter >2 cm remained independent predictors of survival.

Conclusions

In patients suffering from differentiated thyroid carcinoma with extrathyroidal growth (pT3b and pT4a), the tumour size is an independent predictor of event-free and overall survival.
The Aurora kinase inhibitor ZM447439 accelerates first meiosis in mouse oocytes by overriding the spindle assembly checkpoint
Authors: Lane Simon I R , Chang Heng-Yu , Jennings Phoebe C , Jones Keith T
Published: July 2010

Previous studies have established that when maturing mouse oocytes are continuously incubated with the Aurora inhibitor ZM447439, meiotic maturation is blocked. In this study, we observe that by altering the time of addition of the inhibitor, oocyte maturation can actually be accelerated by 1 h as measured by the timing of polar body extrusion. ZM447439 also had the ability to overcome a spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) arrest caused by nocodazole and so rescue polar body extrusion. Consistent with the ability of the SAC to inhibit cyclin B1 degradation by blocking activation of the anaphase-promoting complex, we could also observe a rescue in cyclin B1 degradation when ZM447439 was added to nocodazole-treated oocytes. The acceleration of the first meiotic division by ZM447439, which has not been achieved previously, and its effects on the SAC are all consistent with the proposed mitotic role of Aurora B in activating the SAC. We hypothesize that Aurora kinase activity controls the SAC in meiosis I, despite differences to the mitotic cell cycle division in spindle architecture brought about by the meiotic mono-orientation of sister kinetochores.
Análise epidemiológica das pericardiotomias realizadas em um hospital universitário de Curitiba
Authors: Uchimura Márcia Mie , Battiston Juliana , Moreira Patrícia , Stahlschmidt Carla Martinez Menini , Lubachevski Fábio Luiz
Published: July 2010

OBJETIVO: Analisar epidemiologicamente a utilização da janela pericárdica(JP) no diagnóstico de lesão cardíaca em um hospital universitário de trauma de Curitiba. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo, de análise dos prontuários de pacientes que foram submetidos a pericardiotomia por trauma contuso ou penetrante, no período de seis anos, no serviço de Urgência e Emergência do Hospital Universitário Cajuru. RESULTADOS: 120 pacientes foram submetidos à Janela Pericárdica no período acima referido. A faixa etária variou de 15 a 80 anos, sendo a maior prevalência entre os 20 a 30 anos (49,7%), 105(87,5%) pacientes eram homens e 15(12,5%) mulheres. Os traumas fechados foram 14(11,67%) e penetrantes 105(87,5%). Dos penetrantes, 41 foram por ferida de arma branca, 60 por ferida de arma de fogo e quatro por ambas. Quanto à localização das lesões: 47,5% foram precordiais, 34,16% em transição tóraco-abdominal, 5,0% em ambas e 13,33% em outras localizações. Das JP realizadas, 72,5% foram negativas e 27,5% positivas. Dentre as positivas, as lesões cardíacas encontradas foram: átrio direito 21,2%, ventrículo direito 30,3%, ventrículo esquerdo 24,2%, aorta ascendente 3%, nenhuma lesão 21,2%. Houve 35 óbitos: 18 deles até 24hs e 17 após 24hs. CONCLUSÃO: A janela pericárdica foi mais realizada em homens jovens com ferimentos penetrantes por arma de fogo, em sua maioria com lesão do ventrículo direito como principal achado, concordando com a literatura revisada.
Análise das metodologias diretas e indiretas para a contagem de células somáticas no leite de cabras hígidas
Authors: Madureira Karina Medici , Gomes Viviani , Castro Roberto Soares de , Kitamura Sandra Satiko , Araújo Wanderley Pereira de
Published: July 2010

A particularidade da secreção láctea caprina, do tipo apócrina, diferente da secreção merócrina da vaca, leva a erros de interpretação durante a realização de técnicas de avaliação da celularidade do leite de fêmeas desta espécie. Portanto, o presente trabalho teve o objetivo de determinar a contagem de células somáticas pelo método indireto California Mastitis Test (CMT), e por métodos diretos, incluindo a contagem por citometria de fluxo e a contagem microscópica direta, através da coloração de verde de metil e pironina-Y, além de comparar os métodos de contagem celular. Foram analisadas 102 amostras de 51 fêmeas caprinas, das raças Saanen, Parda Alpina e Toggenburg, criadas no Estado de São Paulo. Os animais foram categorizados segundo a fase da lactação, exame físico da glândula mamária e exame do leite. As amostras foram colhidas, após a realização do exame Califórnia Mastitis Test, em duas alíquotas, uma destinada à contagem celular automática e a outra, a contagem microscópica direta, utilizando-se o corante verde de metil e pironina- Y. De acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, observou- se 74,5% de amostras negativas, 8,8% de amostras com escore traços, 8,8% de amostras ligeiramente positivas (+), 6,8% de amostras fracamente positivas (++) e 0,9% de amostras fortemente positivas (+++). Os valores medianos das contagens de células somáticas presentes no leite de cabras, avaliadas através de contador automático e microscopia direta, e analisadas de acordo com os diferentes escores do CMT, foram, respectivamente, 181.000, 578.000, 628.000, 1.421.500 e 5.542.000 células/mL de leite e 74.991, 271.396, 71.420, 640.995 e 5.049.394 células/ mL de leite, nos escores negativo, traços, +, ++ e +++. Os valores medianos obtidos através da contagem de células somáticas pelo método automático e microscópico direto, de acordo com as fases de lactação foram de 159.500, 508.000 e 277.500 células/mL de leite, e 62.493, 89.275 e 146.411. A correlação obtida entre a contagem celular automática e microscópica direta foi de 88%. A partir dos resultados observados pode-se concluir que existe diferença na contagem celular determinada através do método automático e microscópico sendo este último o mais adequado para a determinação da celularidade no leite de cabras.
Carcinoma espinocelular de reto: relato de caso
Authors: Lopes Juliana Magalhães , Salem Juliana Barreto , Balsamo Flávia , Sobral Hernán Augusto Centurión , Sarmanho Letícia , Formiga Galdino José Sitonio
Published: July 2010

O Carcinoma Espinocelular de Reto é entidade extremamente rara e seu comportamento biológico permanece desconhecido. O tratamento pode variar entre radio e quimioterapia isoladamente ou complementar ao tratamento cirúrgico. Relatamos caso de carcinoma espinocelular de reto superior, tratado com radio e quimioterapia, com regressão total da lesão.
Técnica de delorme como opção para o tratamento da procidência retal recidivada: relato de Caso
Authors: César Maria Auxiliadora Prolungatti , Vasconcellos Bruna Moratore , Soares Carla Beatriz Carneiro da Cunha , Campos Carolina Calafiori de , Salera Camila , Bortman Daniela , Sansoni Gabriel Contreira , Leite Júlia Mota , Gomes Luciana Vendramel Tenório , Silva Nina Rosa Konichi da , Muniz Rafaela Cristina Coelho , Coradini Renata Martins
Published: July 2010

O prolapso retal é uma protrusão de todas as camadas do reto no sentido anal caracterizando um aspecto clínico de um tumor anal, inicialmente ele resulta de um esforço intenso com uma redução espontânea e posteriormente ele resulta de um esforço menor com dificuldade na redução. A incidência é maior em mulheres. O diagnóstico é essencialmente clínico e o tratamento é cirúrgico. Relato de caso: NM, 65 anos, diabético e hipertenso, submetido a sacropromontofixação associada a técnica de Moscowicz com recidiva após um mês, então a técnica de Delorme foi utilizada com sucesso. Discussão: os procedimentos abdominais são indicados para pacientes com menor risco cirúrgico devido a grande complexidade e menor taxa de recidiva. Dentre os procedimentos perineais, a técnica de Delorme possui uma aplicação simples, contudo com uma alta taxa de recidiva. A técnica de Delorme possui uma menor taxa de mortalidade e foi a melhor conduta para este paciente.
Sobre a constituição da disciplina curricular de língua portuguesa
Authors: Pietri Émerson de
Published: July 2010

O objetivo deste artigo foi considerar mais detalhadamente um momento do processo histórico de constituição da disciplina curricular língua portuguesa no Brasil. Na década de 1970, alterouse a organização da escolarização básica e instâncias oficiais responsáveis pelo ensino publicaram documentos que subsidiavam, teórica e metodologicamente, as mudanças curriculares propostas. Fundamentada em perspectiva discursiva, a análise de documentos produzidos no período revela características importantes a respeito dos modos de apropriação, com objetivos pedagógicos, de saberes acadêmicos sobre linguagem. A análise possibilitou também evidenciar a complexidade desse momento histórico, caracterizado pela diversidade de aspectos acadêmicos, políticos e didáticos em concorrência.
Termo do 1º Consenso em Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial
Authors: Carrara Simone Vieira , Conti Paulo César Rodrigues , Barbosa Juliana Stuginski
Published: July 2010

O Termo do 1º Consenso em Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial* foi criado com o propósito de substituir divergências por evidência científica dentro dessa especialidade da Odontologia. O documento oferece informações claras e fundamentadas para orientar o cirurgião-dentista e demais profissionais de saúde sobre os cuidados demandados pelo paciente, tanto no processo de diagnóstico diferencial quanto na fase de aplicação das terapias de controle da dor e disfunção. O Termo foi aprovado no mês de janeiro de 2010 em reunião realizada durante o Congresso Internacional de Odontologia do Estado de São Paulo e converge o pensamento dos profissionais mais conceituados do Brasil na especialidade Disfunção Temporomandibular e Dor Orofacial.
Instability in a marginal coral reef: the shift from natural variability to a human‐dominated seascape
Authors: Lybolt Matt , Neil David , Zhao Jianxin , Feng Yuexing , Yu Ke-Fu , Pandolfi John
Published: July 2010

As global climate change drives the demise of tropical reef ecosystems, attention is turning to the suitability of refuge habitat. For the Great Barrier Reef, are there historically stable southern refugia where corals from the north might migrate as climate changes? To address this question, we present a precise chronology of marginal coral reef development from Moreton Bay, southeast Queensland, Australia. Our chronology shows that reef growth was episodic, responding to natural environmental variation throughout the Holocene, and that Moreton Bay was inhospitable to corals for about half of the past 7000 years. The only significant change in coral species composition occurred between ~200 and ~50 years ago, following anthropogenic alterations of the bay and its catchments. Natural historical instability of reefs, coupled with environmental degradation since European colonization, suggests that Moreton Bay offers limited potential as refuge habitat for reef species on human time scales.
Self-Harm and Medicine’s Moral Code: A Historical Perspective, 1950–2000
Authors: Cresswell Mark , Karimova Zulfia
Published: July 2010

“Deliberate self-harm”— acts of self-poisoning (overdosing) or self-injury (e.g., cutting) that do not result in death — has historically provoked a moral judgment in those professionals who treat it. Such judgments negatively value the act of self-harm and lead to the discriminatory treatment of self-harmers in accident and emergency departments and upon psychiatric wards. This article argues that the treatment of self-harmers in such environments has its origins in a “moral code” that negatively values the act of self-harm in comparison to (a) suicide, (b) the accident victim, and (c) individuals considered to be “genuinely” physically ill. The article fulfills two functions. First, it tracks the history of “medicine’s moral code” as it surrounds self-harm in the British context during the period 1950–2000. Then it turns to examine the ways in which patients groups — so-called psychiatric survivors — resisted such discriminatory treatment in the period 1988–2000. Such resistance, the article concludes, creates the opportunity for a democratic dialogue to develop between patient groups and service providers that could potentially ameliorate the deleterious effects of medicine’s moral code. The article’s tone is polemical and is expressly written from a perspective sympathetic to the political claims of “survivors,” which the authors conclude forms a central component in the development of democratic practices within medicine and psychiatry.
Effect of Aluminum (Al3+) on Granulation in Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Treating Low‐Strength Synthetic Wastewater
Authors: Sondhi Akash , Guha Saumyen , Harendranath C.S. , Singh Anju
Published: July 2010

The effect of aluminum on agglomeration in the sludge bed and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency in laboratory‐scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating low‐strength synthetic wastewater (approximately 665 to 738 mg/L of COD) was investigated. Continuous application of aluminum chloride (200 mg/L) caused poor COD removal, less sludge density, and adversely affected agglomeration in the sludge bed. An adverse effect on granulation also was observed when 300 mg/L aluminum chloride was added only during the startup, and the effect continued even after it was discontinued. A lower concentration of aluminum chloride (50 mg/L) added for 30 days after the reactors reached steady‐state did not affect the COD removal efficiency, but adversely affected the growth of agglomerates and caused temporary degeneration of existing agglomerates. The adverse effect of aluminum appeared to stem from the precipitation of aluminum hydroxide on the surfaces of agglomerates. The effect of aluminum on agglomeration was shown to be a function of influent strength.
In the News
Authors: Jacobs William , Nicogossian Arnauld
Published: July 2010

In the Editors' opinion, the materials summarized in this section have the potential for the development of health policies and standards; or for use in the daily practice and counseling of patients in preventative care. For additional information, readers might wish to visit Internet‐based medical news websites, some free of charge, such as MedScape, Stone Heart, American College of Physicians, and the World Medical Association.
Intention, Interpretation and Implementation: Some Paradoxes of Assessment for Learning across Educational Contexts
Authors: Johnson Martin , Burdett Newman
Published: July 2010

The language of formative assessment, sometimes referred to as ‘assessment for learning’ (AFL), is becoming ubiquitous within international educational discourse. Despite this, levels of common understanding might be considered questionable since the concept appears to have been subject to many different interpretations and to have resulted in varying implementations. The reason for this ambiguity partly lies in the way that the language of formative assessment or assessment for learning has increasingly been applied beyond the context of classroom practice; shifting the focus of assessment from explaining how classroom learning interactions can enhance individual development to considerations involving larger-scale, system-wide accountability purposes. This shift appears to contradict the original spirit of AFL and has led to a blurring of the formative and summative boundaries of assessment. This article presents some empirical data from a small-scale research project to suggest that this issue has a practical impact in the classroom. The article considers the variety of ways that the language of AFL is used by teachers in differing international contexts and suggests that a conflict of purpose might underlie such variations. The article goes on to suggest the need for further research addressing some of the fundamental paradoxes within assessment discourse caused by this conflation of purposes, and identifies areas for further research and investigation.
‘Sometimes I am Spanish and Sometimes Not’: A Study of the Identity and Integration of Spanish Muslim Women
Authors: Sibai Salam Adlbi
Published: July 2010

This article reports part of a wider investigation which is still being developed and analyzes in depth the lives of female university students who are both Spanish and Muslim. The first part of this research was published in the Revista Española de Educación Comparada, where the results of the study in Madrid are presented. Here, the second part of the research is presented: the outcomes in the Valencian Community, Ceuta and Melilla. The research focuses on the identity and integration of female Spanish Muslim university students in the society in which they were born and grew up. The situation in Ceuta and Melilla is analyzed, which is totally different than the situation in Madrid and the Valencian Community because of their history and location in the north of Africa, and because of the large Muslim population in both cities. Through a primarily qualitative methodology, complemented by the quantitative method, the research investigates which elements these women will include or exclude from their identities and which adaptation strategy (following Berry's model) they have selected to interrelate with their society. The primary data are taken from one-to-one interviews, group discussion sessions and surveys.
Deconstructing Sport: When Philosophy and Education Meet in Derrida's Thought
Authors: Isidori Emanuele
Published: July 2010

Deconstructing Sport: When Philosophy and Education Meet in Derrida's Thought

Jacques Derrida (1930-2004), master of the deconstructionist method and recognized as one of the greatest thinkers of our time, was in his youth, before beginning his career as a philosopher, a footballer who played this game with the Italian prisoners in Algiers, his birthplace, during World War II. In a 1991 interview, when he was 60, Derrida narrated in detail his childhood dream of becoming a professional football player, confiding that all of his philosophy and thought had been inspired by sport and the game of football. Starting from this biographical note, the aim of my study is to demonstrate, first of all, how Derrida's whole philosophy and technique of deconstruction really has its roots in the concept of sport. The French-Algerian philosopher understood sport as a cultural structure based on the concepts of play, game, body, rules, and all of the oppositional pairs deriving from différance and from the tensions it generates. Secondly, the study tries to show how sport is for Derrida a metaphor of life and its meaning, suspended between being and nothingness; a place and a field in which human beings act, learn and educate themselves, deconstructing, as in a text, the values and prejudices of their lives and understanding, through sport itself, their roles and responsibility toward themselves and the community in which they live.