bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
More Profitable Rice Varieties Crowd Beneficial Landraces Out
Authors: Pathak Krishna Prasad
Published: February 2013

The study compares gross revenues from modern rice varieties and landraces and valuates different useful traits of rice landraces to demonstrate an empirical methodology for biodiversity valuation. A sample of 200 rice growers in hills and plain area was surveyed for commercialization of agro-biodiversity project. For estimating the value put by the consumers on different rice traits a hedonic pricing model was used that disaggregates the prices paid by the consumers for different useful traits of rice. The results show that the consumers value aromatic and tasty traits much higher than other traits. As the farmers are earning much lower income from many landraces as compared to that from modern varieties, the farmers are likely to replace them by the modern varieties. The findings of the study will be helpful to prepare market based strategies for rice biodiversity conservation, particularly for the conservation of rice landraces.Key words: Agrobiodiversity; Biodiversity-valuation; Hedonic-pricing; Rice-landrace; TraitsThe Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 11, 2010Page: 1-9Uploaded Date: 15 September, 2010
Collection and marketing of non-timber forest products by Chepang community in Nepal
Authors: Piya Luni , Maharjan KL , Joshi NP , Dangol DR
Published: February 2013

Chepangs are highly marginalized indigenous nationalities of Nepal, who live nearby the forests that are rich in Non-timber Forest Products (NTFPs) of commercial importance. These NTFPs can be a potential source of income for Chepangs. This study describes the role of Chepangs in the marketing channel of those NTFPs and analyses the household socio-economic characteristics that influence the collection and marketing of NTFPs by Chepangs in Shaktikhor VDC of Chitwan district using backward multiple regression method. Empirical evidences show that collection and marketing of NTFPs is not an attractive source of income especially for those relatively better-off Chepang households who possess higher landholdings, food self-sufficiency, and income from other alternative sources. This is because the current price offered for the NTFPs collected by the community is very nominal, that do not even cover the labour costs involved. Praja Cooperative Limited (PCL), a Chepang community based institution in Shaktikhor, is struggling to provide better prices for Chepangs. However, it is facing challenges due to limited institutional management capacity of Chepangs. Further empowerment of PCL can contribute to improve the bargaining power of Chepang community in NTFP trade. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 10-21 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7558
Antioxidant Status In Effluent Treated Grains Of Vigna radiata
Authors: Shakila P Baby , Usha K
Published: February 2013

Effect of tannery effluent on the growth and anti oxidant status of Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilcz. was investigated in 2009. Plants were grown in two dilutions and the results were compared with the control plants grown simultaneously in the same condition. Enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants were analyzed in the grains. The antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was found increased when the concentration of the effluent increased. Where, the concentration of catalase, peroixidase, glutathione system, polyphenol oxidase, ascorbic acid, tocopherol, polyphenol, lycopene and carotenoid were decreased when the concentration of the effluent increased. This study proves that Vigna radiata should not be grown in the soil having highest level of tannery effluent for maintaining human health and the environment. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 22-26 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7559
Productivity Of Honeybees In Oil Palm Integrated System In Niger- Delta Of Nigeria
Authors: Emuh FN , Ofuoku AU
Published: February 2013

For two consecutive years in Abbi, Delta State of Niger-Delta of Nigeria one, two and three beehives were integrated in oil palm plantation to determine optimum productivity of the oil-palm honey bee farming system. The fresh fruit bunch (economic yield) of the oil palm was statistically similar at 0, 1, 2 and 3 bee hive(s) per hectare. The honey yield were statistically similar for each bee hive/kg/ha while the total honey yield/production was significantly higher in the order of three > two > one bee hive/ha. Result obtained in this study indicates that productivity of oil palm plantation + three Beehives/ha which produced more honey is recommended. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 38-40 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7561
Effect Of Varying Rates Of Organic Amendments On Porosity And Infiltration Rate Of Sandy Loam Soil
Authors: Essien OE
Published: February 2013

Infiltration rate and porosity of sandy loam soil amended separately with goatyard manure (GYM) and poultry waste at 30, 50 and 70 tonnes/hectare each were investigated and the results were statistically analyzed using SPSS ver 17 package. Infiltration rates under GYM amendment and poultry waste amendment showed significant difference (p?0.01), indicating that the variation of infiltration under GYM amendment was superior to the use of poultry waste. Infiltration rates under poultry waste amendment and those of the control soil correlated perfectly (r= 0.99, p?0 .01). The application of 70t/ha of GYM indicated no superior short-term effect on soil’s infiltration rate than its lower amendment rates. The constant infiltration rate of amended soil under 30T/ha of GYM was reduced to 1.60cm/min below the 2.28cm/min for its GYM counterpart and 1.69cm/min for the control soil; and is recommended for optimum irrigation water conservation in sandy loam soil. The change in porosity was less under GYM amendment than under poultry waste amendment. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 51-58 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7563
Economics Of Organic Rice Production
Authors: Adhikari Raj K
Published: February 2013

Interest on organic agriculture is growing gradually in Nepal and the development interventions are concentrated more on technology generation and extension. But analysis on its economic aspect is lacking far behind. In order to know the economic performance of organic farming in general and that of organic rice production in particular, a survey research was carried out in Chitwan in 2010. From the study, the average productivity of organic rice production was found 3.15 Mt/ha which is consistent higher than national average. Among the factor cost, labor cost was found to contribute highest in total cost of production while poultry manure cost, human labor cost and oil cake cast were found to be significant factors at (P value < 0.05) to contribute in total revenue. The B:C ratio of organic rice production was found to be 1.15. The Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:12, Jun.2011, Page 97-103 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/aej.v12i0.7569
Greenhouse gases, global warming and glacier ice melt in Nepal
Authors: Karki Krishna B.
Published: February 2013

Concentration of greenhouse gases has been found increasing over the past centuries. Carbon dioxide (9-26% greenhouse effect), methane (4-9%), and nitrous oxide (3-6%) are the three principal greenhouse gasses though chloroflourocarbon and halon are also included as greenhouse gasses but are in very small greenhouse effect. These gasses are produced both from natural process and anthropogenic activities .Increase of these greenhouse gasses from nature in the atmosphere is mainly from the decomposition of organic matter, nitrification and denitrification of nitrogen including respiration by the plants. Anthropogenic production of carbon dioxide is from burning of fossil fuel whereas for methane livestock and paddy cultivation. Agricultural activities mainly use of mineral fertilizer is responsible for nitrous oxide emission. Increase of these gasses in atmosphere increases temperature that further accelerates evaporation of moisture from the earth’s surface. Increase in water vapor in the atmosphere will further aggravate temperature rise. This increase in atmospheric temperature has direct effect in the melting of glacier ice in Nepalese Himalaya. Melting of ice and increases water volume in the glacier fed rivers and glacier lakes. Rise in water volume beyond its capacity the glacial lakes bursts releasing millions of cubit meters of water and takes million of lives and properties downstream. If this continues there will be no more ice left in the Himalaya and in the long run all the rivers of Nepal will go dry and country will face serious water shortage for drinking, irrigation and other purposes.

The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 1-7
Organic farming: an ecofriendly way to sustainable agriculture
Authors: Mandal Daya N.
Published: February 2013

Organic farm products have got more value as compared to inorganic products. People are becoming more conscious for their health and environment. Bio-farming is sustainable and eco-friendly which enables to conserve biodiversity and to protect environment. Organic farming system avoids or largely excludes the use of synthetically compounded fertilizers, pesticides, growth regulators, and livestock feed additives. It mainly relies upon crop rotation, organic manures, bio-pesticides and integrated pest management (IPM). In this paper emphasis has been given to practice in favors of organic farming, bio-pesticides, and preparation and use of organic manures by different methods in a hygienic manner.

The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 115-118
Towards curbing global village warming: Nepal's contribution to make a difference
Authors: Poudyal Diwakar
Published: February 2013

The global warming has substantial direct and indirect impact on us, on the health of ecosystems and food and water sources. Warming has been rapid due to economic development with little care on the consequences toward mother earth's atmosphere, land and water systems. Lessons to Nepal include warming of snowy peaks, their quick melting and sooner depletion of snow stocks; increased probability of sudden floods and desertification, changing crop zones; productivity regimes, patterns, maturity days, ecology; insects, predators, diseases their degree of occurrence, types or characteristics etc., so that concerns and priorities to research would be changed. Planting a tree in the backyard, practicing better urban disposals systems, encouraging individual choices such as un plugging a freezer, replacing incandescent bulbs with more efficient ones, sealing and insulating heating and cooling devices and food boxes, using solar, wind or geo-thermal resources whenever possible, joining a group of bicyclists, or mass transit; or resistance to an extreme weather, fuel use for cooking or warming food all can make a difference. It was felt that a single country can do little, but even the little would be of great value. Nepal can help reduce global warming by taking steps such as harnessing river systems soon for clean energy and offer benefits to the global community through safeguarded bio-diversity to maintain genetic system. Nepal should adapt to the bio-secure initiatives for meeting food needs locally and needs to let policymakers and leaders know and win confidence to this concern with support on study on Glaciers in Nepal and monitor the global warming situation and contribute by further seeking realistic small ways to reduce global warming. We can control hazards by raising awareness and exploring smaller and practical approaches at grass root level.

The Journal of AGRICULTURE AND ENVIRONMENT Vol. 8, 2007, pp. 133-144
Environmental Concern in Nepalese Agriculture
Authors: Ghimire Shree Ram
Published: February 2013

Semi traditional to early commercial agriculture system of Nepal has now its economic move in transition from agricultural to early industrial track of economic development. An attempt has been made to assess the relationship between the emerging modern agriculture practices and environmental depletion. Some of the developmental challenges of Nepal like small land holdings, weather dependent farming systems, low per capita income, underdeveloped physical infrastructures and inefficient bureaucratic procedures are associated with comparatively higher cost of agricultural production. Natural disasters and human induced environmental degradation are closely associated with improved farming systems. Nepal has preferential ways of producing niche agricultural products by exploiting its inherent diversified climate to cope with the global open market challenges. Competitive agribusinesses along with the adoption of environmental protection measures keeping the strategy of import substitution and export promotion are the ways for sustainable agriculture development in the country.  Key Words: Competitive agri-business, development infrastructures, environmental depletion, open-global market, sustainable developmentThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008  Page: 41-45
Rising Food Price and Its Consequences
Authors: Regmi Hem Raj
Published: February 2013

Agricultural prices have risen worldwide sharply in the last two years, which has been a dilemma especially to policy makers. Higher agricultural prices would improve farmer's income and their living standards as well as investment in agriculture provided a fair mechanism of income transfer to them be instituted. However, the price rise seriously affects urban poors' food affordability and thus their livelihood. Various types of natural disasters particularly floods, droughts and landsides have affected agricultural crop production in Nepal resulting in fluctuations in food supplies and prices. Besides, policy measures associated with crop production, food balance and trade, petroleum price stabilization and liquor production directly or indirectly affect food market and prices. National food production, demand-supply, consumption and price scenarios and associated reasons are analyzed based on reviews of pertinent literatures.  Key words: Food production, food consumption, demand-supply, price-scenario, NepalThe Journal of Agriculture and Environment Vol:.9, Jun.2008  Page: 93-97
Clinical profile and treatment protocol of invasive carcinoma of cervix
Authors: Sultana Razia , Sultana Nargis
Published: February 2013

Cervical cancer is the most common prevalent cancer that continues to be a major health care problem world wide. It is still an important cause of mortality and morbidity in the developing countries. An estimated 500,000 new cases of cancer cervix and 233.000 deaths occurred in the year 2000 and almost 80% of these cases happen in the developing countries. Hospital based statistics indicated cervical cancer constitutes 22-35% of the female cancer in different areas of Bangladesh and India. A retrospective study was done in Gynaecology and Obstetric department in KMCH between January 2004 to January 2009 to see the incidence, correlation of age, parity, socioeconomic condition and clinical staging, treatment and other risks factors of carcinoma cervix. Out of total 120 diagnosed cases of cervical cancer were evaluated regarding their clinio-demographic profile, appearance of growth, clinical staging and types of treatment done . The results showed 49% of patient were in the age group of 31-40 years, 26% were in the 41-50 years group, early age at first coitus (70%), most of the patients (82%) presented with advanced stage and referred for radiotherapy or chemo radiation. One in ten female cancers diagnosed world wide are cancers of the cervix and there is seven fold variation in the incidence of cervical cancer between the different regions of the world. The Incidence of invasive cervical carcinoma can be reduced by development of health education and promotion of national screening programme such as Visual Inspection of cervix (VIA), Colposcopy and vaccination against Human Pappiloma Virus (HPV). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13623 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 11-14
Efficacy of low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine in spinal anaesthesia for LUCS
Authors: Islam Md Saiful , Nahar Shamsun , Huq Sk Syedul
Published: February 2013

Spinal Anaesthesia (SAB) is a popular anaesthetic technique in LUCS. SAB is performed in sitting and lateral position. The aim of this study is to explore the efficacy of spinal anaesthesia ie, height of block and haemodynamic changes with low dose hyperbaric bupivacaine in different position in LUCS. Total 80 of ASA grade I & II elective LUCS patient preloaded with 800-1000 ml of isotonic fluid were allocated randomly to receive different doses (10 mg, 12 mg,) of 5% Hyperbaric bupivacaine at L4-L5 interspaces in sitting (S group) and in lateral (L group) position to compare the height of block and haemodynamic changes. In sitting position in 10 mg dose group (S 10) adequate block developed in 7 patients out of 20 (35%) with no fall of systolic BP, in 12 mg dose group (S12) adequate block developed in 14 patients out of 20 (70%) with fall of systolic BP>1/3rd in 2 patients (10%). In lateral position groups (L group) with 10 mg dose ((L 10 group), 17 patients out of 20 got adequate block (85%) with fall of systolic BP>1/3rd in 2 patients out of 20 (10%) and in 12 mg dose group (L 12) adequate block in 20 patients out of 20 (100%) with fall of systolic BP>1/3rd in 5 patients out of 20 (25%). So block height with low dose of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine for caesarean section is more predictable and haemodynamically stable in lateral position DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13624 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 15-18
Evaluation and management of cases of primary amenorrhoea with MRKH syndrome
Authors: Akhter Nasreen , Begum Badrunnesa
Published: February 2013

The Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome, the second most common cause of primary amenorrhoea usually remains undetected until puberty and is characterized by congenital aplasia or hypoplasia of the uterus and most of the vagina in women showing normal secondary sexual characteristics. MRKH syndrome may be isolated (type I) but is more frequently associated with renal, vertebral, and, to a lesser extent, auditory and cardiac defects (MRKH type II or MURCS association). Complete evaluation of MRKH patient includes genital, urinary tract, cardiac, spinal and auditory assessment which need multidisciplinary approach. This review is an attempt to discuss the subtypes, associated anomalies, diagnostic consideration and treatment recommendations of patients with MRKH syndrome and aimed to make the specialists of other discipline, general physicians and the gynaecologists well aware about the entity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13626 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 24-29
Didelphys uterus: misleading as ovarian cyst
Authors: Nahar Shamsun , Das Bishwajit , Begum Ferdowsi
Published: February 2013

Mullerian duct anomalies are not uncommon. Anomalies may be diagnosed in infancy, adolescene or young adulthood. Female patient may present with a mass resulting from mucocolpos, haematocolpos, haematometra or primary amenorrhoea, delayed menarche, infertility and repeated pregnancy loses. A 14 years unmarried girl came with lower abdominal pain and mass with severe dysmenorrhoea with a history of lower abdominal surgery 5 months back. Clinically it was diagnosed as ovarian cyst but after laparotomy it was detected didelphys uterus. Left uterus was non-communicated with vagina forming haematometra. Right uterus well developed with one tube and healthy ovary. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13627 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 30-32
Mode of presentation of abdominal tuberculosis
Authors: Hossain Syed Mozammel , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Hossain Shaikh Amir , Ahmed Sk Farid Uddin
Published: February 2013

This study included 32 female and 20 male patients. Varied presentation of abdominal tuberculosis included pain in abdomen (95%), fever (84.6%), weight loss (88%) and mass in abdomen. Laparoscopic and open adhesiolysis (18.75%) resection and anastomosis (12.5%), stricturoplasty (12.5%), loop ileostomy (25%), closure of perforation (18.75%) and limited right hemicolectomy (12.5%) were the procedures carried out. Two patients expired with a mortality rate of 4%. The diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis is difficult due to lack of specific signs and symptoms. However predetermined clinical assessment can be readily applied for earlier diagnosis. Surgical exploration is reserved for equivocal cases and for those who present as emergencies. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v45i1-2.13637 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2012; 45 : 3-5
Crop and Soil Responses to Using Corn Stover as a Bioenergy Feedstock: Observations from the Northern US Corn Belt
Authors: Johnson Jane , Acosta-Martinez Veronica , Cambardella Cynthia , Barbour Nancy
Published: February 2013

Corn (Zea mays L.) stover is a potential bioenergy feedstock, but little is known about the impacts of reducing stover return on yield and soil quality in the Northern US Corn Belt. Our study objectives were to measure the impact of three stover return rates (Full (~7.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1), Moderate (~3.8 Mg ha−1 yr−1) or Low (~1.5 Mg ha yr−1) Return) on corn and soybean (Glycine max. L [Merr.]) yields and on soil dynamic properties on a chisel-tilled (Chisel) field, and well- (NT1995) or newly- (NT2005) established no-till managed fields. Stover return rate did not affect corn and soybean yields except under NT1995 where Low Return (2.88 Mg ha−1) reduced yields compared with Full and Moderate Return (3.13 Mg ha−1). In NT1995 at 0–5 cm depth, particulate organic matter in Full Return and Moderate Return (14.3 g kg−1) exceeded Low Return (11.3 g kg−1). In NT2005, acid phosphatase activity was reduced about 20% in Low Return compared to Full Return. Also the Low Return had an increase in erodible-sized dry aggregates at the soil surface compared to Full Return. Three or fewer cycles of stover treatments revealed little evidence for short-term impacts on crop yield, but detected subtle soil changes that indicate repeated harvests may have negative consequences if stover removed.
The “Super Chimpanzee”: The Ecological Dimensions of Rehabilitation of Orphan Chimpanzees in Guinea, West Africa
Authors: Ongman Lissa , Colin Christelle , Raballand Estelle , Humle Tatyana
Published: February 2013

To date few studies, especially among non-human primates, have evaluated or monitored rehabilitation effectiveness and identified key species-specific behavioral indicators for release success. This four-months study aimed to identify behavioral indicators of rehabilitation success among ten infant and juvenile orphaned chimpanzees cared for in peer groups at the Centre for Conservation of Chimpanzees (CCC), Guinea, West Africa. Behavioral data focused on foraging skills and activity budget. During bush-outings, rehabilitants spent on average nearly a quarter of their activity budget foraging, resting or traveling, respectively. Neither age, sex, the level of abnormal behaviors demonstrated upon arrival nor human contact during bush-outings predicted individual dietary knowledge. However, individuals who spent more time arboreal demonstrated a greater dietary breadth than conspecifics who dwelled more terrestrially. Although our data failed to demonstrate a role of conspecific observation in dietary acquisition, we propose that the mingling of individuals from different geographical origins may act as a catalyst for acquiring new dietary knowledge, promoted by ecological opportunities offered during bush-outings. This “Super Chimpanzee” theory opens up new questions about cultural transmission and socially-biased learning among our closest living relatives and provides a novel outlook on rehabilitation in chimpanzees.
Biomimetic Strategies for Sensing Biological Species
Authors: Hussain Munawar , Wackerlig Judith , Lieberzeit Peter
Published: February 2013

The starting point of modern biosensing was the application of actual biological species for recognition. Increasing understanding of the principles underlying such recognition (and biofunctionality in general), however, has triggered a dynamic field in chemistry and materials sciences that aims at joining the best of two worlds by combining concepts derived from nature with the processability of manmade materials, e.g., sensitivity and ruggedness. This review covers different biomimetic strategies leading to highly selective (bio)chemical sensors: the first section covers molecularly imprinted polymers (MIP) that attempt to generate a fully artificial, macromolecular mold of a species in order to detect it selectively. A different strategy comprises of devising polymer coatings to change the biocompatibility of surfaces that can also be used to immobilized natural receptors/ligands and thus stabilize them. Rationally speaking, this leads to self-assembled monolayers closely resembling cell membranes, sometimes also including bioreceptors. Finally, this review will highlight some approaches to generate artificial analogs of natural recognition materials and biomimetic approaches in nanotechnology. It mainly focuses on the literature published since 2005.
A Bayesian Method for Short-Term Probabilistic Forecasting of Photovoltaic Generation in Smart Grid Operation and Control
Authors: Bracale Antonio , Caramia Pierluigi , Carpinelli Guido , Di Fazio Anna , Ferruzzi Gabriella
Published: February 2013

A new short-term probabilistic forecasting method is proposed to predict the probability density function of the hourly active power generated by a photovoltaic system. Firstly, the probability density function of the hourly clearness index is forecasted making use of a Bayesian auto regressive time series model; the model takes into account the dependence of the solar radiation on some meteorological variables, such as the cloud cover and humidity. Then, a Monte Carlo simulation procedure is used to evaluate the predictive probability density function of the hourly active power by applying the photovoltaic system model to the random sampling of the clearness index distribution. A numerical application demonstrates the effectiveness and advantages of the proposed forecasting method.
Towards Improving Query Performance of Web Feature Services (WFS) for Disaster Response
Authors: Zhang Chuanrong , Zhao Tian , Li Weidong
Published: February 2013

While OGC’s WFS facilitates disseminating heterogeneous spatial data over the Web and allows feature-level geospatial information sharing and synchronization, performance issues challenge the efficient and effective utilization of WFS for disaster response. Literature shows that obtaining spatial information becomes very slow when querying WFS systems from large geospatial databases over the Internet. Solutions on how to improve the WFS system performance so that spatial data can be delivered to disaster responders within a reasonable amount of time are needed. This paper proposes a parallel approach based on Voronoi diagram indexing and data/task parallelism for improving the query performance of WFS systems for disaster applications. Experimental results show that the parallel approach can significantly improve the response time needed to process the spatial queries from a massive volume of spatial data for disaster response.
Natural Products as a Source for Treating Neglected Parasitic Diseases
Authors: Ndjonka Dieudonné , Rapado Ludmila , Silber Ariel , Liebau Eva , Wrenger Carsten
Published: February 2013

Infectious diseases caused by parasites are a major threat for the entire mankind, especially in the tropics. More than 1 billion people world-wide are directly exposed to tropical parasites such as the causative agents of trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, schistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis, which represent a major health problem, particularly in impecunious areas. Unlike most antibiotics, there is no “general” antiparasitic drug available. Here, the selection of antiparasitic drugs varies between different organisms. Some of the currently available drugs are chemically de novo synthesized, however, the majority of drugs are derived from natural sources such as plants which have subsequently been chemically modified to warrant higher potency against these human pathogens. In this review article we will provide an overview of the current status of plant derived pharmaceuticals and their chemical modifications to target parasite-specific peculiarities in order to interfere with their proliferation in the human host.
Oxidative Stress and DNA Damage in Human Gastric Carcinoma: 8-Oxo-7'8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) as a Possible Tumor Marker
Authors: Borrego Silvia , Vazquez Antonio , Dasí Francisco , Cerdá Concha , Iradi Antonio , Tormos Carmen , Sánchez Julia , Bagán Leticia , Boix Javier , Zaragoza Cristóbal , Camps Jordi , Sáez Guillermo
Published: February 2013

We characterized the oxidative stress (OS) status by the levels of reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG), malondialdehyde (MDA) and the mutagenic base 8-oxo-7'8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) in human gastric carcinoma (HGC) samples and compared the results with normal tissue from the same patients. We also analyzed 8-oxo-dG in peripheral mononuclear cells (PMNC) and urine from healthy control subjects and in affected patients in the basal state and one, three, six, nine and twelve months after tumor resection. The levels of DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression (hOGG1, RAD51, MUYTH and MTH1) were determined in tumor specimens and compared with normal mucosa. Tumor specimens exhibited increased levels of MDA and 8-oxo-dG compared with normal gastric tissue. GSH levels were also increased, while GSSG levels remained stable. DNA repair enzyme mRNA expression was induced in the tumor tissues. Levels of 8-oxo-dG were significantly elevated in both urine and PMNC of gastric cancer patients compared with healthy controls. After gastrectomy, the levels of the damaged base in urine and PMNC decreased progressively to values close to those found in the healthy population. The high levels of 8-oxo-dG in urine may be related to the increased induction of DNA repair activity in tumor tissue, and the changes observed after tumor resection support its potential use as a tumor marker.
Comparing and Contrasting Traditional Membrane Bioreactor Models with Novel Ones Based on Time Series Analysis
Authors: Paul Parneet
Published: February 2013

The computer modelling and simulation of wastewater treatment plant and their specific technologies, such as membrane bioreactors (MBRs), are becoming increasingly useful to consultant engineers when designing, upgrading, retrofitting, operating and controlling these plant. This research uses traditional phenomenological mechanistic models based on MBR filtration and biochemical processes to measure the effectiveness of alternative and novel time series models based upon input–output system identification methods. Both model types are calibrated and validated using similar plant layouts and data sets derived for this purpose. Results prove that although both approaches have their advantages, they also have specific disadvantages as well. In conclusion, the MBR plant designer and/or operator who wishes to use good quality, calibrated models to gain a better understanding of their process, should carefully consider which model type is selected based upon on what their initial modelling objectives are. Each situation usually proves unique.
Metabolic Changes in Synechocystis PCC6803 upon Nitrogen-Starvation: Excess NADPH Sustains Polyhydroxybutyrate Accumulation
Authors: Hauf Waldemar , Schlebusch Maximilian , Hüge Jan , Kopka Joachim , Hagemann Martin , Forchhammer Karl
Published: February 2013

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is a common carbon storage polymer among heterotrophic bacteria. It is also accumulated in some photoautotrophic cyanobacteria; however, the knowledge of how PHB accumulation is regulated in this group is limited. PHB synthesis in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is initiated once macronutrients like phosphorus or nitrogen are limiting. We have previously reported a mutation in the gene sll0783 that impairs PHB accumulation in this cyanobacterium upon nitrogen starvation. In this study we present data which explain the observed phenotype. We investigated differences in intracellular localization of PHB synthase, metabolism, and the NADPH pool between wild type and mutant. Localization of PHB synthase was not impaired in the sll0783 mutant; however, metabolome analysis revealed a difference in sorbitol levels, indicating a more oxidizing intracellular environment than in the wild type. We confirmed this by directly measuring the NADPH/NADP ratio and by altering the intracellular redox state of wild type and sll0783 mutant. We were able to physiologically complement the mutant phenotype of diminished PHB synthase activity by making the intracellular environment more reducing. Our data illustrate that the NADPH pool is an important factor for regulation of PHB biosynthesis and metabolism, which is also of interest for potential biotechnological applications.
The Reaction of Ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate with Hydrazine Hydrate
Authors: Abdel-Aziz Hatem , Elsaman Tilal , Attia Mohamed , Alanazi Amer
Published: February 2013

Although salicylaldehyde azine (3) was reported in 1985 as the single product of the reaction of ethyl 2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate (1) with hydrazine hydrate, we identified another main reaction product, besides 3, which was identified as malono-hydrazide (4). In the last two decades, however, some articles have claimed that this reaction afforded exclusively hydrazide 2 and they have reported the use of this hydrazide 2 as a precursor in the syntheses of several heterocyclic compounds and hydrazones 6. We reported herein a study of the formation of 2 and a facile route for the synthesis of the target compounds N'-arylidene-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carbohydrazides 6a–f.
PF2401-SF, Standardized Fraction of Salvia miltiorrhiza, Induces Apoptosis of Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Parajuli Daya , Park Eun-Jeon , Che Xian-Hua , Jiang Wen-Yi , Kim Youn-Chul , Sohn Dong , Lee Sung
Published: February 2013

During the course of our attempts to develop a potential herbal medicine, we had previously prepared PF2401-SF, a standardized fraction of S. miltiorrhiza, and reported its hepatoprotective activity in vitro as well as in vivo. Since apoptosis of activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is a well-accepted anti-fibrotic strategy, in this study, we investigated the direct effect of PF2401-SF on t-HSC/Cl-6 cells in vitro and on CCl4-induced liver injury in vivo. We evaluated the activation and cleavage of hallmarkers of apoptosis, namely, caspase 3, 8, 9 and PARP. Upregulation of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and downregulation of the anti-apoptotic Bcl2 protein were also analyzed. Furthermore, in the PF2401-SF treated rats, apoptosis induction of activated HSCs was demonstrated by reduced distribution of α-SMA-positive cells and the presence of high number of TUNEL-positive cells in vivo. Our data suggest that PF2401-SF can mediate HSCs apoptosis induction, and may be a potential herbal medicine for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
NMDA Receptor Modulators in the Treatment of Drug Addiction
Authors: Tomek Seven , Lacrosse Amber , Nemirovsky Natali , Olive M.
Published: February 2013

Glutamate plays a pivotal role in drug addiction, and the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor subtype serves as a molecular target for several drugs of abuse. In this review, we will provide an overview of NMDA receptor structure and function, followed by a review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy, and side effect profile of NMDA receptor ligands that are currently in use or being explored for the treatment of drug addiction. These ligands include the NMDA receptor modulators memantine and acamprosate, as well as the partial NMDA agonist D-cycloserine. Data collected to date suggest that direct NMDA receptor modulators have relatively limited efficacy in the treatment of drug addiction, and that partial agonism of NMDA receptors may have some efficacy with regards to extinction learning during cue exposure therapy. However, the lack of consistency in results to date clearly indicates that additional studies are needed, as are studies examining novel ligands with indirect mechanisms for altering NMDA receptor function.
Huanglongbing (Citrus Greening) Detection Using Visible, Near Infrared and Thermal Imaging Techniques
Authors: Sankaran Sindhuja , Maja Joe , Buchanon Sherrie , Ehsani Reza
Published: February 2013

This study demonstrates the applicability of visible-near infrared and thermal imaging for detection of Huanglongbing (HLB) disease in citrus trees. Visible-near infrared (440–900 nm) and thermal infrared spectral reflectance data were collected from individual healthy and HLB-infected trees. Data analysis revealed that the average reflectance values of the healthy trees in the visible region were lower than those in the near infrared region, while the opposite was the case for HLB-infected trees. Moreover, 560 nm, 710 nm, and thermal band showed maximum class separability between healthy and HLB-infected groups among the evaluated visible-infrared bands. Similarly, analysis of several vegetation indices indicated that the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), Vogelmann red-edge index (VOG) and modified red-edge simple ratio (mSR) demonstrated good class separability between the two groups. Classification studies using average spectral reflectance values from the visible, near infrared, and thermal bands (13 spectral features) as input features indicated that an average overall classification accuracy of about 87%, with 89% specificity and 85% sensitivity could be achieved with classification models such as support vector machine for trees with symptomatic leaves.
Reduction of the Radiating Sound of a Submerged Finite Cylindrical Shell Structure by Active Vibration Control
Authors: Kim Heung , Sohn Jung , Jeon Juncheol , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: February 2013

In this work, active vibration control of an underwater cylindrical shell structure was investigated, to suppress structural vibration and structure-borne noise in water. Finite element modeling of the submerged cylindrical shell structure was developed, and experimentally evaluated. Modal reduction was conducted to obtain the reduced system equation for the active feedback control algorithm. Three Macro Fiber Composites (MFCs) were used as actuators and sensors. One MFC was used as an exciter. The optimum control algorithm was designed based on the reduced system equations. The active control performance was then evaluated using the lab scale underwater cylindrical shell structure. Structural vibration and structure-borne noise of the underwater cylindrical shell structure were reduced significantly by activating the optimal controller associated with the MFC actuators. The results provide that active vibration control of the underwater structure is a useful means to reduce structure-borne noise in water.
A gramática moral de uma lenda contemporânea
Authors: Vieira da Mata Giulle
Published: February 2013

[pt] Nas lendas aqui analisadas, dois irmãos são os representantes morais de «sua cultura». Eles «corporificam» idéias e definições morais no mundo social. Neste artigo, analisaremos como os Irmãos Piriás se tornam alvo da atenção dos membros de uma comunidade narrativa específica. Por meio dos personagens de suas lendas, a comunidade legitima um modo específico de existência, promovendo o debate público em relação à importância de seu papel e de sua função social.
El Rey Costales, personaje de la narrativa oral de Zumpahuacán
Authors: Urdapilleta Muñoz Marco
Published: February 2013

El propósito de este artículo es el estudio del Rey Costales, un personaje mítico de la narrativa oral de Zumpahuacán. Su identidad múltiple, proteica, difícil de asir, orientó la investigación hacia el establecimiento de la identidad del personaje. En los relatos se le refiere como un «espíritu» o «alma en pena», pero su conducta permitió tipificarlo como «aire», un género de seres sobrenaturales mesoamericanos Sin embargo, su alto grado de individualización, manifiesto en la conciencia de su condición pagana, así como la falta de vínculos con los fenómenos atmosféricos que inciden en el cultivo hicieron necesarias algunas precisiones. Éstas mostraron que hay un conflicto o ajuste simbólico-religioso entre las creencias cristianas y las vernáculas, y ante todo un reacomodo cultural más vasto que deja ver el proceso de búsqueda de equilibrio en el imaginario colectivo, a partir de las nuevas circunstancias de una comunidad que ha dejado de ser preponderantemente agraria e indígena. Además, la narrativa muestra la creatividad de los habitantes de Zumpahuacán, que proyectan su poder de resignificar experiencias ancladas en el pasado prehispánico a la luz de las vivencias y circunstancias del presente.
Estudio lingüístico de la fitonimia vulgar de las orquídeas en Cuba
Authors: López Trabanco Pedro Jesús
Published: February 2013

Uno de los grandes esfuerzos de la ciencia moderna ha sido la identidad simbólica y la economía de conceptos en el uso del lenguaje a la hora de clasificar los objetos. Si bien, por un lado, el desechar los nombres vulgares cumple el objetivo de clasificación, por el otro, se tiran por la borda los contenidos simbólicos y funciones que estos nombres tienen enraizados en el habla popular. Los nombres son claves de un sistema simbólico o de una cosmovisión determinada. Este trabajo tiene como objeto de estudio los nombres vulgares de las orquídeas fundamentalmente a partir de las fuentes de nominación y la motivación para verificar y establecer criterios que resuelvan la problemática de esta parcela del español en Cuba.
Le cinéma : une mémoire culturelle
Authors: Gauthier Christophe
Published: February 2013

Partant du constat que fait Robert Mandrou en 1958 dans les Annales du retard accumulé par les historiens et les sociologues dans l’appréhension d’un art « qui est plus qu’un art », le cinéma, l’article reprend son classement des discours historiques dont le cinéma a fait l’objet. Outre l’illusoire « histoire » que s’imaginent faire les critiques, il y a une histoire encyclopédique (embryonnaire), et une histoire techniciste. Or ces trois modèles de l’histoire du cinéma, avec leurs insuffisances, demeurent aujourd’hui dominants. Pourtant, en 1978, le Congrès de la FIAF à Brighton inaugure la prise en compte des conditions de diffusion et de réception des films « des premiers temps ». Plus encore, à la fin des années 1970, apparaissent en France des études consacrées à la réception et au public. Il est alors non seulement question de films, mais de salles, d’exploitants, de distributeurs, d’experts et de médiateurs enfin (critiques et cinéphiles) ; le cinéma devient le spectacle cinématographique, il est envisagé comme un fait culturel.
Toute la mémoire du monde, entre la commande et l’utopie
Authors: Carou Alain
Published: February 2013

Deux dossiers d’archives inédits permettent de suivre la genèse du court-métrage d’Alain Resnais avant tournage. Si le projet d’un documentaire sur la Bibliothèque nationale revient d’abord au ministère des Affaires étrangères et à la Radio-Télévision Française, il est ensuite repris et mené à bien par la volonté de Pierre Braunberger. Les traces des échanges de Resnais et du scénariste Remo Forlani avec la BN, ainsi que les modifications successives apportées au synopsis, donnent à voir Toute la mémoire du monde comme le fruit d’une synthèse entre deux conceptions différentes de la « modernité », l’une portée par l’institution et apparentée à la rationalité des processus industriels, l’autre par les auteurs du film et nourrie de littérature d’anticipation. Le dossier s’achève sur la réception réservée du film par la Bibliothèque nationale juste après sa sortie.
« Dis-moi ce que tu filmes, je te dirai qui tu es » : l’image du cinéma français en Belgique francophone dans l’immédiat après Seconde Guerre mondiale
Authors: Lanneau Catherine
Published: February 2013

L’image d’un peuple dans le regard d’un autre est tributaire de nombreux facteurs qui s’interpénètrent et le jugement posé sur la production cinématographique est l’un d’entre eux. Cet article envisage la perception du cinéma français en Belgique francophone, débouché aisé et important, à une époque – l’immédiat après Deuxième Guerre mondiale – où ce cinéma y subit une relative désaffection, parallèle à une crise profonde de l’image de la France dans son ensemble. Trois thèmes sont particulièrement mis en exergue par les critiques : la primauté de l’intellectualisme sur l’émotion, l’immoralité et un parti pris de pessimisme. Le cinéma français trahirait ainsi deux facettes de sa vocation, celles de révélateur social et de sain divertissement. Par contraste, le succès de Jacques Tati met en lumière l’attente des critiques wallons et bruxellois : pour eux, le véritable cinéma français est celui qui s’exprime dans des comédies familiales exaltant les plaisirs simples et provinciaux, bref celui qui donne à voir une France éternelle, idéale, intemporelle que l’on peine à retrouver dans les difficultés de l’heure.
Le créateur en personne : archives et biographie
Authors: Vignaux Valérie
Published: February 2013

En croisant les documents conservés ou établis par Émile Cohl (coupures de presse, albums photographiques, liste d’adresses, liste de journaux, carnets biographiques, carnets filmographiques, etc.) et le texte écrit par son fils André Courtet-Cohl, Biographie d’Émile Cohl, l’auteur a construit une chronologie qui, en évoquant les « circonstances » de la vie, donnent à voir la figure du créateur en personne.
Émile Cohl et la bohème
Authors: Marinone Isabelle
Published: February 2013

Émile Cohl participe à la fin du xixe siècle à la bohème. Disciple d’André Gill, son « maître à croquer », il fait partie des groupes non conformistes Hydropathe et Incohérent. Aux côtés des Farces d’Alfred Jarry, des Monologues de Charles Cros, des Fables-express d’Alphonse Allais, co-existent déjà les trucages d’images d’Émile Cohl qui se basent sur la parodie et le calembour visuel. Cet article permet de comprendre les influences de la bohème sur l’artiste. La connaissance de l’esprit absurde et ludique de ce courant, réinvesti dans les animations de Cohl, éclaire son travail filmique.
Les Aventures des Pieds Nickelés
Authors: Loné Éric
Published: February 2013

En 1917, Émile Cohl adapte au cinéma la célèbre bande dessinée de Forton, les Aventures des Pieds Nickelés. Cinq épisodes d’animation sont ainsi produits par la société Éclair jusqu’en 1918, dont il ne reste aujourd’hui qu’une version très incomplète : seule la moitié du métrage a été retrouvée. Le premier épisode est totalement manquant et les éléments suivants ont dû être recomposés à partir de divers fragments retrouvés en France et en Pologne. Travaux de restauration assurés par les Archives françaises du film du CNC.
Du « national » appliqué au cinéma
Authors: Tortajada Maria
Published: February 2013

La parution de l’Histoire du cinéma suisse, 1966-2000, dont l’auteur est co-éditrice avec Hervé Dumont, est l’occasion de reposer la question du « cinéma national » pour la confronter à celle « d’identité ». L’ambition encyclopédique de l’ouvrage qui recense tous les longs-métrages sortis en salle pour la période donnée, impose des limites au « national », en opérant certains choix de corpus. À partir de quels critères ? D’autre part ce corpus se révèle particulièrement hétérogène dès qu’il s’agit de questions d’identité. Or dans la définition d’un cinéma national, la question de l’identité paraît incontournable. Comment intervient-elle dans le concept de « national » ? Et comment articuler ensemble « cinéma national » et « identité nationale » ? C’est bien parce que l’on fabrique l’identité du cinéma suisse, identité définie comme nationale, que se voient légitimés les critiques ou considérations sur l’identité suisse que peuvent avancer les films, comme les discours qui les entourent. Dans la mesure où le cinéma se construit par les discours, le schème fondamental de l’identité est utilisé pour permettre l’avènement d’un cinéma national, condition de possibilité d’un débat sur l’identité nationale au sein du cinéma.