bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of economase replacing vitamin E and selenium on growth performance and meat quality of broilers
Authors: KUTLU Hasan Rüştü , ÇELİK Ladine Baykal , FİLİK Gökhan , KİRAZ Ayfer Bozkurt , Cinli Harun , YÜCELT Özcan , UZUN Yusuf
Published: April 2018

One hundred,
one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were allocated in five treatment
groups; control (100 mg/kg Vit E), 20 mg/kg Vit E, 20 mg/kg Vit E +Economase; 40
mg/kg Vit E, 40 mg/kg Vit E+Economase. The birds were fed ad libitum for 42 days in individual cages. Body weight gain, food
intake, food efficiency (gain/food intake) and carcass weight were measured.  Breast and thigh meats were sampled for TBARS
evaluation, blood samples
were taken for biochemical parameters. No significant differences between growth performances
of treatment groups were observed. Drip loss was not affected significantly
(P>0.05), but water holding capacity was lower (P<0.05) at 20 mg/kg Vit E
in contrast to the control and the other treatments groups receiving 20 or 40
mg/kg vit E with Economase. Blood total antioxidant capacity in control groups
was significantly (P<0.05) higher than the treatment groups. TBARS values of
the groups receiving 100 mg/kg vitamin E or 40 mg/kg Vitamin E plus Economase
found to be lower. The results suggest that vitamin E level in the commercial
broiler diets could be reduced to 40 mg/kg using Economase at 200 mg/kg without
loss in the growth performance, meat quality and also oxidative stability.
Race in Educational Researcher: A Technical Comment on Li and Koedel (2017)
Authors: Laughter Judson
Published: April 2018

Li and Koedel’s (2017) use of “appearance measures” disregards a long history of research on race and ethnicity and sets research with diverse participants back several decades. Race is not biological and is not synonymous with ethnicity. Such externally imposed, problematic labels must not be allowed in education research.
Optimasi desain rencana tanggul lepas pantai NCICD di Teluk Jakarta terhadap kemungkinan tsunami akibat letusan Gunung Anak Krakatau
Authors: Bachtiar Huda , Badriana Riam , Sembiring Leo , Adytia Didit , Samskerta I Putu , Andonowati Andonowati , Groesen E. van
Published: April 2018

Salah satu rencana pengembangan infrastruktur di Teluk Jakarta adalah dengan membangun tanggul lepas pantai yang akan membentuk kolam retensi. Pembangunan kolam retensi tersebut dilakukan apabila fase perkuatan tanggul yang ada tidak dapat menangani permasalahan banjir Jakarta. Berdasarkan master plan National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD), tanggul lepas pantai bentuk Garuda diusung sebagai “iconic” negara Indonesia. Namun demikian, bentuk Garuda tersebut belum dinvestigasi dari segi hydraulic. Paper ini akan membahas optimum layout dari  bentuk Garuda dari sisi propagasi gelombang. Hasil simulasi dengan ¼ energi gelombang dari tsunami Krakatau 1883 menunjukan tinggi gelombang di kepala garuda dapat mencapai elevasi maksimum 11 m dan elevasi minimum 6 m. Alternatif desain dengan merotasi layout tanggul lepas pantai ke arah timur 150 (layout paralel terhadap arah datang gelombang) merupakan salah satu bentukan optimum dari desain tanggul lepas pantai stage-B.
Analisa stabilitas struktur revetmen di Pantai Kedungu, Tabanan Bali
Authors: Indriasari Vivi Yovita , Risandi Johan , Akhwadhy Rudhi
Published: April 2018

Lokasi studi di Pantai Kedungu yang memiliki gumuk pasir yang lebar dan vegetasi yang rapat. Biasanya tempat ini digunakan untuk pariwisata oleh penduduk setempat. Erosi yang terjadi disebabkan gelombang datang yang membentuk sudut, sehingga menimbulkan arus menyusur pantai (longshore current), dan angkutan sedimen sekitar pantai (litoral drift). Kondisi tersebut sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, karena sudah mengikis sejumlah lahan milik  warga. Sampai saat ini belum ada penanganan dari pemerintah, hanya upaya dari masyarakat setempat dengan membangun tembok laut dan saat ini juga dalam kondisi sudah mulai hancur. Berdasarkan analisa data yang sudah diambil di lapangan dan pemodelan numerik yang dilakukan didapat konsep penanganan permasalahan erosi, yaitu dengan pembuatan struktur pelindung pantai berupa revetmen. Dimana struktur tersebut berfungsi sebagai peredam gelombang datang dan mempertahankan garis pantai.  Tujuan dari tulisan ini adalah memberikan gambaran mengenai stabilitas struktur revetmen terhadap erosi pantai. Analisa stabilitas memperhitungkan stabilitas terhadap guling, geser, daya dukung tanah dan penurunan. Dimensi dan desain pelindung pantai revetment aman terhadap guling (SF = 7,669 >2), geser (SF = 4,082>1,5),  daya dukung tanah (17,498>3). Hasil analisa stabilitas struktur revetment yang didisain, aman dan dapat diterapkan di lokasi studi. Analisa stabilitas struktur revetment ini diharapkan dapat mengurangi tingkat kerusakan struktur bangunan pantai dan bangunan sekitarnya.
Pengembangan metode bioasesmen untuk penilaian kualitas air Sungai Cihampelas di DAS Citarum
Authors: Ibrahim Aiman , Sjarmidi Achmad
Published: April 2018

Sungai Cihampelas merupakan anak sungai Citarum yang mengalir melintasi wilayah Kabupaten dan Kota Bandung sepanjang 8,5 km. Perairan Sungai Cihampelas  dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk kegiatan domestik, pariwisata, pertanian, dan perikanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kelas air berdasarkan Indeks Pencemaran dan kualitas air berdasarkan Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos dan Diatom Perifiton. Penelitian dilakukan di empat stasiun Sungai Cihampelas yang mewakili daerah yang minim gangguan hingga daerah yang diprediksi mengalami gangguan diantaranya Cilengkrang, Cisurupan, Pasanggrahan, dan Mekarmulya. Pencuplikan air, makrozoobentos, dan diatom perifiton dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga September 2016 sebanyak empat kali dengan interval waktu dua minggu. Berdasarkan Indeks Pencemaran, sepanjang aliran sungai Cihampelas tergolong kelas air I hingga IV+. Penilaian kualitas air dengan menggunakan Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos menunjukkan bahwa Sungai Cihampelas memiliki kategori sangat baik hingga buruk dengan nilai indeks berkisar antara 4—18. Kualitas air Sungai Cihampelas menunjukkan kategori sangat baik hingga buruk berdasarkan nilai Indeks Integritas Biotik Diatom Perifiton yang berkisar antara 3—15. Hasil analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Pencemaran (kelas air) memiliki korelasi negatif dan lebih kuat terhadap Indeks Integritas Biotik Makrozoobentos dibandingkan Indeks Integritas Biotik Diatom Perifiton.
Capacity Analysis for Correlated Multi-Hop MIMO Channels under Colored Noise
Authors: N. Tran Nguyen , X. Nguyen Ha
Published: April 2018

A capacity analysis for generally correlated wireless multi-hop multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels is presented in this paper. The channel at each hop is spatially correlated, the source symbols are mutually correlated, and the additive Gaussian noises are colored. First, by invoking Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition for the optimality of convex programming, we derive the optimal source symbol covariance for the maximum mutual information between the channel input and the channel output when having the full knowledge of channel at the transmitter. Secondly, we formulate the average mutual information maximization problem when having only the channel statistics at the transmitter. Since this problem is almost impossible to be solved analytically, the numerical interior-point-method is employed to obtain the optimal solution. Furthermore, to reduce the computational complexity, an asymptotic closed-form solution is derived by maximizing an upper bound of the objective function. Simulation results show that the average mutual information obtained by the asymptotic design is very closed to that obtained by the optimal design, while saving a huge computational complexity.
Transceiver Designs to Improve Spectrum Utilization in MIMO Interference Channels
Authors: Khanh Le Ty , Kha Ha Hoang , Hoang Nguyen Minh
Published: April 2018

This paper is concerned with a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) multi-user wireless networks in which multiple secondary users (SUs) can share the same radio spectrum with a single primary user (PU). The design problems of the transceivers in such MIMO interference channels are to find the precoding matrices at the transmitters and the receiving matrices at the receivers to minimize the mean square error (MSE) or to maximize the sum-rate of the SUs while guaranteeing the interference power at the PU receiver below an acceptable threshold. In this paper, we consider to design the transceivers using the interference alignment techniques. The objective is to align the interference at the SUs and maintain an acceptable leakage interference level from the SUs into the signal subspace of the PU receiver. Due to the nonlinearity and nonconvexity of the underlaying problems, we develop an alternating algorithm which efficiently solves a convex optimization in each iteration. The numerical results are provided to validate the performance of our algorithm.
A New LDPC Decoder for the DVB-S2 Receiver
Authors: Hung Nguyen Tung
Published: April 2018

A new LDPC decoder for the DVB-S2 receiver is proposed in this research work. This new decoder contains a set of equivalent LDPC decoders operating in parallel mode. The simulation results show that this decoder can improve the performance of DVB-S2 receiver with acceptable complexity. Furthermore, a new adaptive decoding technique for a trade-off between the calculation complexity and the required performance in the DVB-S2 receiver is proposed.
Building Proximity Models for Cross Language Information Retrieval
Authors: Giang Lam Tung , Hung Vo Trung , Phap Huynh Cong
Published: April 2018

In information retrieval systems, the proximity of query terms has been employed to enable ranking models to go beyond the ”bag of words” assumption and it can promote scores of documents where the matched query terms are close to each other. In this article, we study the integration of proximity models into cross-language information retrieval systems. The new proximity models are proposed and incorporated into existing cross-language information systems by combining the proximity score and the original score to re-rank retrieved documents. The experiment results show that the proposed models can help to improve the retrieval performance by 4%-7%, in terms of Mean Average Precision.
Linking Evaluation to Expenditure Reviews: Neither Realistic nor a Good Idea
Authors: Mayne John
Published: April 2018

Abstract: It is frequently assumed and not contested that evaluation should play a significant role in budgeting and, more specifically, in expenditure reviews. This article argues otherwise: that evaluation is neither fit nor designed to play such a role. Rather, if there is a desire by budget officials for credible evidence on the performance of interventions, then they need to invest in a different form of evaluation, namely, expenditure evaluations, separate and distinct from ministry-based evaluation.
Diversities of mosquito species of different locations in Dhaka city
Authors: Sharower MG , Latif MA
Published: April 2018

A yearlong (Jul-15 to June-16) intensive survey was conducted to document the diversity and density of different mosquito species, breeding habitats and their status at different park in Dhaka city. A total of 11 species of mosquito were identified from the six study areas. The recorded species were An. annularis, An. culicifacies, Ae. albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ar. subalbatus, Cx. fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, Mn. annulifera, Mn. uniformis, Tx. splendidus. Aedes albopictus (38.18%) and Ar. subalbatus (37.47%) were the predominant mosquito species followed by Cx. quinquefasciatus. Others species were found in moderate percentage. Lowest density of Cx. fuscocephala (0.6%) was recorded among the collected mosquito species from the different study area. The highest percentages of mosquito were found in Botanical garden (28.68%) followed by Ramna park, Zia uddyan, Baldha garden, Suhrawardy uddyan, and Osmani uddyan (6.67%). Fifteen different larval habitats were found in the study areas. Majority of the mosquito species was found to breed in pond. High density of Ae. albopictus mosquito were found in all study areas, which is the secondary vector of dengue viruses. Principal dengue vector mosquito, Ae. aegypti were found only in Baldha garden. Ar. subalbatus was also a dominant mosquito species in the entire site.Progressive Agriculture 28 (4): 295-301, 2017
Self-Interaction Attention Mechanism-Based Text Representation for Document Classification
Authors: Zheng Jianming , Cai Fei , Shao Taihua , Chen Honghui
Published: April 2018

Document classification has a broad application in the field of sentiment classification, document ranking and topic labeling, etc. Previous neural network-based work has mainly focused on investigating a so-called forward implication, i.e., the preceding text segments are taken as the context of the following text segments when generating the text representation. Such a scenario typically ignores the fact that the semantics of a document are a product of the mutual implication of all text segments in a document. Thus, in this paper, we introduce a concept of interaction and propose a text representation model with Self-interaction Attention Mechanism (TextSAM) for document classification. In particular, we design three aggregated strategies to integrate the interaction into a hierarchical architecture for document classification, i.e., averaging the interaction, maximizing the interaction and adding one more attention layer on the interaction, which leads to three models, i.e., TextSAMAVE, TextSAMMAX and TextSAMATT, respectively. Our comprehensive experimental results on two public datasets, i.e., Yelp 2016 and Amazon Reviews (Electronics), show that our proposals can significantly outperform the state-of-the-art neural-based baselines for document classification, presenting a general improvement in terms of accuracy ranging from 5.97% to 14.05% against the best baseline. Furthermore, we find that our proposals with a self-interaction attention mechanism can obviously alleviate the impact brought by the increase of sentence number as the relative improvement of our proposals against the baselines are enlarged when the sentence number increases.
Applications of Microalgal Biotechnology for Disease Control in Aquaculture
Authors: Charoonnart Patai , Purton Saul , Saksmerprome Vanvimon
Published: April 2018

Aquaculture industries, and in particular the farming of fish and crustaceans, are major contributors to the economy of many countries and an increasingly important component in global food supply. However, the severe impact of aquatic microbial diseases on production performance remains a challenge to these industries. This article considers the potential applications of microalgal technology in the control of such diseases. At the simplest level, microalgae offer health-promoting benefits as a nutritional supplement in feed meal because of their digestibility and high content of proteins, lipids and essential nutrients. Furthermore, some microalgal species possess natural anti-microbial compounds or contain biomolecules that can serve as immunostimulants. In addition, emerging genetic engineering technologies in microalgae offer the possibility of producing ‘functional feed additives’ in which novel and specific bioactives, such as fish growth hormones, anti-bacterials, subunit vaccines, and virus-targeted interfering RNAs, are components of the algal supplement. The evaluation of such technologies for farm applications is an important step in the future development of sustainable aquaculture.
Polynomial-Time Algorithm for Learning Optimal BFS-Consistent Dynamic Bayesian Networks
Authors: Sousa Margarida , Carvalho Alexandra
Published: April 2018

Dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN) are powerful probabilistic representations that model stochastic processes. They consist of a prior network, representing the distribution over the initial variables, and a set of transition networks, representing the transition distribution between variables over time. It was shown that learning complex transition networks, considering both intra- and inter-slice connections, is NP-hard. Therefore, the community has searched for the largest subclass of DBNs for which there is an efficient learning algorithm. We introduce a new polynomial-time algorithm for learning optimal DBNs consistent with a breadth-first search (BFS) order, named bcDBN. The proposed algorithm considers the set of networks such that each transition network has a bounded in-degree, allowing for p edges from past time slices (inter-slice connections) and k edges from the current time slice (intra-slice connections) consistent with the BFS order induced by the optimal tree-augmented network (tDBN). This approach increases exponentially, in the number of variables, the search space of the state-of-the-art tDBN algorithm. Concerning worst-case time complexity, given a Markov lag m, a set of n random variables ranging over r values, and a set of observations of N individuals over T time steps, the bcDBN algorithm is linear in N, T and m; polynomial in n and r; and exponential in p and k. We assess the bcDBN algorithm on simulated data against tDBN, revealing that it performs well throughout different experiments.
An Experimental Study of Portland Cement and Superfine Cement Slurry Grouting in Loose Sand and Sandy Soil
Authors: Yao Weijing , Pang Jianyong , Liu Yushan
Published: April 2018

Grouting technology is widely applied in the fields of geotechnical engineering in infrastructure. Loose sand and sandy soil are common poor soils in tunnel and foundation treatments. It is necessary to use superfine cement slurry grouting in the micro-cracks of soil. The different effectiveness of Portland cement slurry and superfine cement slurry in sandy soil by the laboratory grouting experiment method were presented in this paper. The grouting situations of superfine cement slurry injected into sand and sandy soil were explored. The investigated parameters were the dry density, wet density, moisture content, internal friction angle, and cohesion force. The results show that the consolidation effect of superfine cement is better than that of Portland cement due to the small size of superfine cement particles. The superfine cement can diffuse into the sand by infiltration, extrusion, and splitting. When the water–cement ratio of superfine cement slurry is less than 2:1 grouting into loose sand, the dry and wet density decrease with the increase in the water–cement ratio, while the moisture content and cohesive force gradually increase. When the water–cement ratio of superfine cement slurry is 1:1 grouting into loose sand and sandy soil, the dry density, wet density, and cohesive force of loose sand are larger than those of sandy soil. The results of the experiment may be relevant for engineering applications.
Functional and Radiological Results of Proximal Femoral Nail Antirotation (PFNA) Osteosynthesis in the Treatment of Unstable Pertrochanteric Fractures
Authors: Radaideh Ahmad , Qudah Hashem , Audat Ziad , Jahmani Rami , Yousef Ibraheem , Saleh Abed
Published: April 2018

Pertrochanteric femur fractures are considered amongst the most commonly encountered fractures in the geriatric age group. We evaluated radiographic and functional outcomes of patients with unstable pertrochanteric fractures treated with the proximal femur nail antirotation (PFNA). Between March 2013 and December 2015, fifty patients (28 male and 22 females with a mean age of 72.8 years (range, 20–94)) with unstable pertrochanteric fractures (AO 31.A2 and 31.A3) were fixed with the PFNA at our institution, and they were retrospectively evaluated. Forty one patients were treated with short PFNA and nine with long PFNA. Operative time ranged between 30 and 150 (average 73.60) min, blood loss ranged between 50 and 250 (average 80) milliliter and hospital stay ranged between 3 and 18 (6.86) days. The mean follow-up period was 18 months (range, 11–31). At final follow-up, solid union of all fractures had been achieved without any implant-related complications, the mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) was 79.34 ± 9.10 points and the mean neck-shaft angle was 127.2° ± 5.07°. No significant differences were encountered between the functional and radiographic outcomes of the PFNA with regards to the AO fracture classification and the implant version. PFNA is a recommended option for the treatment of unstable pertrochanteric fractures owing to its easy insertion, reduced blood loss, stable fixation and satisfactory functional and radiological outcomes.
Modelling a Propeller Using Force and Mass Rate Density Fields
Authors: Hally David
Published: April 2018

A method to replace a propeller by force and mass rate density fields has been developed. The force of the propeller on the flow is calculated using a boundary element method (BEM) program and used to generate the force and mass rate fields in a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) solver. The procedures to calculate the fields and to allocate them to the cells of a RANS grid are described in detail. The method has been implemented using the BEM program PROCAL and the RANS solver OpenFOAM and tested using the propeller DTMB P4384 operating in open water. Close to the design advance coefficient, the time-average flow fields generated by PROCAL and by OpenFOAM with the force and mass rate fields match to within 1.5% of the inflow speed over almost all of the flow field, including the swept volume of the blades. At two-thirds of the design advance coefficient, the match is about 4% of the inflow speed. The sensitivity of the method to several of its free parameters is investigated.
Efficient Active Oxygen Free Radical Generated in Tumor Cell by Loading-(HCONH2)·H2O2 Delivery Nanosystem with Soft-X-ray Radiotherapy
Authors: Xu Lei , Shao Yiran , Chang Chengkang , Zhu Yingchun
Published: April 2018

Tumor hypoxia is known to result in radiotherapy resistance and traditional radiotherapy using super-hard X-ray irradiation can cause considerable damage to normal tissue. Therefore, formamide peroxide (FPO) with high reactive oxygen content was employed to enhance the oxygen concentration in tumor cells and increase the radio-sensitivity of low-energy soft-X-ray. To improve stability of FPO, FPO is encapsulated into polyacrylic acid (PAA)-coated hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles (FPO@HMSNs-PAA). On account of the pH-responsiveness of PAA, FPO@HMSNs-PAA will release more FPO in simulated acidic tumor microenvironment (pH 6.50) and subcellular endosomes (pH 5.0) than in simulated normal tissue media (pH 7.40). When exposed to soft-X-ray irradiation, the released FPO decomposes into oxygen and the generated oxygen further formed many reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to significant tumor cell death. The ROS-mediated cytotoxicity of FPO@HMSNs-PAA was confirmed by ROS-induced green fluorescence in tumor cells. The presented FPO delivery system with soft-X-ray irradiation paves a way for developing the next opportunities of radiotherapy toward efficient tumor prognosis.
Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Welding of Low Carbon, Medium Manganese TWIP/TRIP Steel
Authors: Podany Pavel , Reardon Christopher , Koukolikova Martina , Prochazka Radek , Franc Ales
Published: April 2018

Manganese twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steels are attractive materials for the automotive industry thanks to their combination of strength and excellent toughness. This article deals with basic microstructural and mechanical properties of sheet metal of two heats of low-carbon medium-manganese steel with different aluminium levels. Microstructure observation was carried out using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and X-ray diffraction were used for phase analysis. In an experiment that focused on the weldability of both materials, sheet metals were laser-welded using various laser power settings, with and without shielding gas. Various combinations of joints between materials of the two heats and sheet metal conditions were tested (work-hardened upon cold rolling + annealed). Mechanical properties of the weld joints were determined using miniature tensile testing and conventional hardness measurement. The strengths of miniature specimens of the weld metal were very close to the strength of the base material.
Three New Polyynes from Codonopsis pilosula and Their Activities on Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Hu Xiao-Yu , Qin Fu-Ying , Lu Xi-Feng , Zhang Lan-Sheng , Cheng Yong-Xian
Published: April 2018

Three new polyynes, named choushenpilosulynes A–C (1–3), were isolated from an 85% aqueous EtOH extract of the roots of Codonopsis pilosula cultivated in Xundian County of Yunnan province, China. Their structures, including the absolute configuration of the glucose residue in 1 and 2, were determined by spectroscopic analysis and gas chromatography (GC). In addition, biological evaluation shows that all the compounds can inhibit the expression of the squalene monooxygenase (SQLE) gene in HepG2 cells, suggesting that these compounds may be involved in lipid metabolism.
Wound Stress, an Unheeded Factor for Echinacoside Accumulation in Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma
Authors: Hu Gaosheng , Wu Tianran , Chang Yue , Zhan Xinyi , Jia Jingming
Published: April 2018

Cistanche deserticola Y. C. Ma, a precious parasitic medicinal herb distributed in desert areas in the Northwest of China, also known as “desert ginseng”, has been used in China for thousands of years for its nourishing effects. The phenylethanoid glycosides (PeGs) have been proven as the main effective compounds due to their neuroprotective effects and were used for quality control. In this study, echinacoside content, a representative PeG, total phenolic content, DPPH scavenging activity, and PAL activity were determined in different tissues of C. deserticola. Our results showed that most indices had a similar pattern of scale > cambium ring > pith and bottom part > middle part > upper part. Besides, stereomicroscopic observation showed that the scale surface was densely covered with physical wounds formed during vertical and broadwise growth in sand. Thus, wound area was quantified and a linear regression analysis was conducted between wound area and PAL activity, total phenolics, and echinacoside content. Our results suggested that physical wounding caused by sand might play an important role in echinacoside biosynthesis which has never been noticed in C. deserticola development. Furthermore, the coexistence of the highest PAL activity and highest echinacoside accumulation in scale tissue might indicate that the biosynthetic site of echinacoside in C. deseticola Y. C. Ma is mainly in the scale tissue.
Structure Manipulation of Carbon Aerogels by Managing Solution Concentration of Precursor and Its Application for CO2 Capture
Authors: He Pingping , Qian Xingchi , Fei Zhaoyang , Liu Qing , Zhang Zhuxiu , Chen Xian , Tang Jihai , Cui Mifen , Qiao Xu
Published: April 2018

A series of carbon aerogels were synthesized by polycondensation of resorcinol and formaldehyde, and their structure was adjusted by managing solution concentration of precursors. Carbon aerogels were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), N2 adsorption/desorption and scanning electron microscope (SEM) technologies. It was found that the pore structure and morphology of carbon aerogels can be efficiently manipulated by managing solution concentration. The relative micropore volume of carbon aerogels, defined by Vmicro/Vtol, first increased and then decreased with the increase of solution concentration, leading to the same trend of CO2 adsorption capacity. Specifically, the CA-45 (the solution concentration of precursors is 45 wt%) sample had the highest CO2 adsorption capacity (83.71 cm3/g) and the highest selectivity of CO2/N2 (53) at 1 bar and 0 °C.
Automatisation des procédures d’identification des mots et évolution du rôle du contexte littéral au tout début de l’apprentissage de la lecture
Authors: Goigoux Roland
Published: April 2018

Les résultats présentés sont issus d’une étude longitudinale de 59 enfants scolarisés au sein de 17 classes de cours préparatoire et de cours élémentaire 1ère année dont les caractéristiques didactiques contrastées ont été contrôlées. Ces résultats, recueillis en quatre passations réparties sur une année, concernent l’évolution du rôle du contexte littéral dans l’identification des mots écrits chez des enfants de 6,5 ans à 7,5 ans. Ils indiquent la fonction constructive des traitements contextuels dans la phase initiale de l’apprentissage, en interaction avec les traitements de bas niveaux : la "dépendance contextuelle", loin d’être une caractéristique des plus faibles lecteurs, apparaît comme une constante développementale, y compris pour ceux qui vont devenir les meilleurs lecteurs.
L’intervention du clown dans les réunions institutionnelles
Authors: Bonange Jean-Bernard
Published: April 2018

La pratique sociale étudiée ici n’est pas l’aide à la décision politique (A. D. P.) mais une autre modalité d’intervention - l’intervention sociale par le clown - dans un système différent qui est celui des réunions de travail d’organisations (professionnelles, économiques, associatives, syndicales, de formation etc…). L’intervention du clown correspond à l’introduction d’un dispositif théâtral impromptu et comique au sein d’une réunion sérieuse. Dans la lignée des "fous du roi", le clown devient un intervenant institutionnel proposant un détour par le jeu symbolique et la représentation. L’étude des processus mis en jeu met en valeur que le clown ouvre un espace de mobilité susceptible de répondre au déséquilibre ou au manque énergétique et symbolique du micro-système qui l’accueille. Par sa contribution spécifique en tant que perturbateur, passeur et médiateur/révélateur, il fait fonction de miroir condensateur symbolique en renvoyant à l’assemblée un condensé d’images de la réalité et du mythe de son identité. Présentant une parenté structurelle avec l’ADP, celle de la médiation d’une oeuvre, l’intervention clown s’en différencie par ses modalités de rencontre en direct et à chaud.
Contribution de la théorie des représentations sociales au champ de l'éducation relative à l'environnement
Authors: Garnier Catherine
Published: April 2018

La théorie des représentations sociales peut-elle contribuer à l'étude de l'éducation relative à l'environnement ? Quatre thématiques sont explorées pour montrer quelles sont les conditions qui permettent de réaliser l'analyse de ce champ particulier de l'éducation à l’aide de la théorie. Seraient ainsi abordées la diversité des points de vue qui prennent place dans les débats sociaux, la constitution des groupes ou ancrage social, le rapport entre les différents savoirs dans une perspective interdisciplinaire et, finalement, les rapports qu'entretiennent représentations et pratiques sociales. L'analyse de ces conditions permet de conclure que la contribution de la théorie des représentations sociales pour l'éducation relative à l'environnement est certaine à condition de dépasser les simples études descriptives.
Représentation professionnelle et engagement en situations d’urgence : la question psychosociale
Authors: Lozada Mireya
Published: April 2018

The disaster which took place in November 1999 in Venezuela was a major opportunity to pose the set of themes of the relationship between the psychologist’s representation, commitment and action. In this paper, the author gathers the reflections from a first analytical approach of present intervention by professional psychologists in their context, who favour either technical activity, or transformation of social reality. Last, the author offers a holistic vision in a psychosocial perspective.
D’une stratégie d’enseignement des sciences centrée sur l’enseignant vers une stratégie centrée sur l’élève : analyse des processus d’enseignement
Authors: Burton Réginald , Flammang Cécile
Published: April 2018

L’introduction des enquêtes scientifiques dans les classes modifie considérablement les rôles joués respectivement par les enseignants et les élèves dans le processus d’apprentissage. Davantage centrée sur l’élève, cette stratégie d’enseignement accorde plus de responsabilités aux apprenants laissant le soin aux enseignants de guider ces derniers dans leur formation. Le statut de l’expérimentation s’en trouve également transformé. Elle ne se limite plus à illustrer les contenus comme dans les méthodes traditionnelles mais s’intègre au processus même d’apprentissage en sollicitant chez les élèves l’activation de processus cognitifs complexes tels que l’analyse, la synthèse ou l’imagination.
Les préoccupations et la tonalité émotionnelle des enseignants débutants lors de leurs premières expériences en classe
Authors: Ria Luc , Durand Marc
Published: April 2018

Cette recherche décrit et interprète l'expérience d'une enseignante débutante en Éducation Physique lors de sa première année d'enseignement. La méthode pour décrire et interpréter son expérience accorde le primat à ses émotions durant son expérience, à ses préoccupations face aux élèves, et à la manière de concrétiser ses préoccupations dans l'action. Les résultats montrent combien la tonalité émotionnelle et les préoccupations de l'enseignante influencent son action lors de situations d'enseignement ordinaires. Ils montrent la nécessité de dévoiler la dimension subjective de l'expérience professionnelle des enseignants débutants en formation initiale.
L’évaluation : un ensemble de pratiques sociales situées
Authors: Donnadieu Bernard
Published: April 2018

This paper dresses a situation of a form of sterility of the speeches produced by research in educational evaluation, in their ability to make evolve, or even to explain, effective evaluation practices. The author analyses three dimensions of this sterility : prescriptive speeches more than explicative, common sense not taken into account and confusion between evaluation and process involved in this practice. He proposes to consider evaluation as a set of diversified social practices, specific of a praxis. Every current and common evaluation practice generates an identity building process or learning processes, without the necessity to invent specific instrumented devices made for a so-called formative evaluation.
Les élèves et leur rapport au contrat didactique : une perspective de didactique comparée
Authors: Leutenegger Francia , Schubauer-Leoni Maria Luisa
Published: April 2018

Cette contribution se propose d’examiner, selon le point de vue de la didactique comparée, quelques caractéristiques du rapport des élèves au contrat didactique, étudié à travers des activités de mathématiques dans le domaine de la numération à l’école primaire. Selon un dispositif de recherche déjà éprouvé, deux groupes d’élèves, respectivement issus de 2ème primaire (2P, niveau CE1 de 7-8 ans) et de 5ème primaire (5P, niveau CM2 de 10-11 ans) du Canton de Genève, sont plus particulièrement examinés. Les élèves sont choisis par leurs enseignants respectifs qui les jugent représentatifs de deux positions distinctes d’élèves : des "bons" élèves et des élèves "en difficulté" dans le domaine mathématique considéré.
“Milieu didactique” et “régulations” comme outils d’analyse de l’activité du professeur en éducation physique
Authors: Amade-Escot Chantal , Verscheure Ingrid , Devos Odile
Published: April 2018

From a comparative didactics point of view, this contribution is to investigate the "didactical techniques" used by physical education teachers. A certain kind of genericity of these didactical techniques is postulated. The paper tries to highlight this through the concepts of "didactical environment" and "regulations" which are pertinent tools used to analyse different didactical episodes in three teaching-learning contexts : primary school, middle school and high-school
Comprendre les pratiques professionnelles dans les institutions de la petite enfance : intérêt de l’approche didactique
Authors: Schubauer-Leoni Maria Luisa , Munch Anne-Marie , Kunz-Félix Marielle
Published: April 2018

The purpose of this paper is to show the relevance of the didactic theory standpoint in order to understand what happens in the young children (3-4 years old) institutions (YCI) when reading, writing and counting are not part of the official intentions yet. These institutions generally have other educational projects aiming at the "socialization" and "autonomy" of the young children. The two studies mentioned in this paper particularly point out how these main objectives develop in particular activities and regarding specific learning objects as they exist in the Geneva YCI. the "socialization" and "autonomy" of the young children. The two studies mentioned in this paper particularly point out how these main objectives develop in particular activities and regarding specific learning objects as they exist in the Geneva YCI.
L’école maternelle et l’entrée dans le contrat didactique : Une coopération maîtresse-élèves
Authors: Amigues René , Garcion-Vautor Laurence
Published: April 2018

Entering the didactic contract in preschool : a matter of teacher-pupil cooperation Entry into a didactic contract requires establishing a relationship with an object of knowledge. How do preschools manage to set up such a relationship when there is no "knowledge already there" ? The present article attempts to answer this question based on an analysis of the didactic sequences produced during the three years of preschool (ages 3, 4 and 5).
Pratiques pédagogiques contrastées : ce qu’en disent les élèves de maternelle
Authors: Trinquier Marie-Pierre , Mouligné Valérie , Ginabat Monique
Published: April 2018

Pupils offer a reliable feedback as regards the teaching methods of their teachers. Pupils of five and six years old, faced with an either "active" or "interventionist" educational method, give accounts of modes of teaching which are characteristic of either kind of model. Their remarks also prove that the teacher’s methods of assessment move away from the theoretical patterns underlying these dichotomous modes of functioning.
L’éducation préscolaire au Québec : bilan et perspectives
Authors: Bédard Johanne , Larose François , Terrisse Bernard
Published: April 2018

In this paper, we do notice a compensatory function to the preschool education in Québec. We then distinguish the conditions in which the day care centers (todlers and early childhood) and the kindergarten (4 to 5 years old kids) emerged as two complementary type of services, especially by the mid eightees. If complementary, their educational missions are different and we do emphacize on this difference. We also briefly describe and analyze the evolution of the epistemological basis of the successive versions of the Québec’s preschool education curriculum from 1981 to nowadays, making a specific point with the main challenges that are specific to the kindergarten within ongoing the curricular reform process. We finish this paper reflecting on the various problems that a better articulation between the preschool and the elementary education is presenting, particularly by not exclusively for the preservice teachers education.
Caractériser, expliquer et comprendre les pratiques enseignantes pour aussi contribuer à leur évaluation
Authors: Altet Margerite
Published: April 2018

On peut étudier les pratiques enseignantes pour agir et les transformer, pour les analyser dans le cadre de la formation des enseignants, pour les évaluer et répondre à la demande sociale ou pour en comprendre le fonctionnement et produire des connaissances et des modélisations théoriques. Nous situerons notre réflexion dans cette perspective heuristique de recherche : connaître les pratiques enseignantes, les décrire, les caractériser, comprendre leur organisation, leur fonctionnement, les processus en jeu, tels sont alors les objectifs des travaux de recherches qui prennent pour objet ces pratiques. Cette approche des pratiques enseignantes par la recherche nous semble un détour nécessaire si l'on veut évaluer les pratiques notamment au regard du concept "d'efficacité" tel que ce numéro thématique le propose.
Dynamiques de classe et efficacité scolaire
Authors: Genelot Sophie , Tupin Frédéric
Published: April 2018

La recherche présentée ici a pour objet l'efficacité des pratiques enseignantes envisagée dans la dynamique des processus d'enseignement-apprentissage. L'objectif central poursuivi consiste à mettre en relation des observations de classes et les acquisitions des élèves concernés afin d'être mieux à même d'expliquer sous l'effet de quels vecteurs se construisent les connaissances/ compétences des élèves. En arrière plan, au niveau théorique, cela implique, de fait, de conjuguer paradigme «processus-produit» et paradigme «écologique».

Les résultats tendent à montrer que la mise en commun des démarches d’analyse des pratiques et des démarches d’évaluation de l'impact de ces mêmes pratiques, pour l'instant cantonnée dans un registre exploratoire, mériterait d'être poursuivie.
De l’écriture phonographique à l’écriture morphographique chez l’enfant
Authors: Vaca Uribe Jorge
Published: April 2018

Estudiamos las conceptualizaciones infantiles de los caracteres gráficos de la escritura ligados a la representación de diferencias significativas (logogramas, como tubo vs tuvo) o a la de vínculos léxicos entre palabras escritas (como en tubo con tubular). Presentamos un estudio transversal y comparativo, con niños francófonos e hispanófonos de diferentes edades (7-8 años vs 9-10 años) quienes jutifican su escritura de diversos pares de palabras homófonas. La evolución de las conceptualizaciones infantiles de los logo-y morfogramas puede ser descrita en tres momentos : el de la escritura fonográfica, apegada a la sonoridad de las palabras y evidenciada por la identidad de las escrituras producidas ; un momento intermediario que comienza a incorporar diferenciaciones mediante el uso logográfico de caracteres seguido de un momento de exigencia sistemática de diferenciación, que llega a coordinarse con un uso morfográfico que permite explicar la elección de los caracteres diferenciadores en función de vínculos léxicos entre las palabras escritas.
Les verbalisations métagraphiques : un outil didactique en orthographe ?
Authors: Cogis Danièle , Ros Michelle
Published: April 2018

This article focuses on young writers "metagraphical explanations" about French spelling. It shows how the methodological means used by researchers in recent works, inspired by constructivist and interactionist models, are becoming a crucial device when used in the didactics of French. As such, they may lead to a new way of teaching and learning orthography in primary school.
Régularités mises en oeuvre dans la gestion de la finale des participes passés par les élèves de lycée
Authors: Cordary Noëlle
Published: April 2018

Cet article se place dans le champ de la linguistique de l’écrit. Il présente les résultats partiels d’une recherche à propos des compétences mises en oeuvre dans la gestion de la morphologie verbale chez des élèves de 2nde au lycée, c’est à dire au terme de neuf années d’apprentissage orthographique. Notre corpus associe systématiquement la graphie produite par l’élève assortie du commentaire qu’il en a fait lui-même. Ces commentaires permettent de montrer ici que les participes passés ne constituent pas une classe homogène aux yeux des élèves, mais sont perçus comme deux ensembles distincts : les formes en -é qu’ils accordent avec le sujet, et les formes en -i et -u auxquelles ils ajoutent une désinence.
Représentation sociale de la fonction de maître d’apprentissage
Authors: Bories-Dedieu Eliane
Published: April 2018

Linked to the fields of professional activities on the one hand, of training on the other hand, the "maître d’apprentissage" profession influence the paradox of the situation. The issues assert the hypothesis of a heterogeneous representation made up of elements of professional representation, elements of social representation of the training. Thus a representation of the activities is built, connected with a professional context. As a dynamic process, the representation allows the actors to assimilate knowledge in their cognitive system and characteristic express the implementation of identify strategies.
Les formateurs d’adultes un groupe social “militant” ?
Authors: Cardon Claude-Alain
Published: April 2018

La multiplicité des engagements des formateurs d'adultes -politiques, syndicaux, religieux, sociétés et amicales diverses, socioculturels etc., les donne communément à voir comme un groupe social "militant". Partagent-ils tous pour autant, indifféremment, une même propension "associationiste" ? Entre consumérisme contemporain et militantisme certes historique, la capitalisation des pratiques distingue de fait une minorité active d'agents, étroitement associée au pôle politique / stratégique de la formation. Les grands clivages dominants / dominés s'y cristallisent ainsi dans la plus belle des idéologies fraternisantes. Ces pratiques sociales "privatives" des Formateurs expriment et redoublent, comme autant de marqueurs sociaux, leurs positionnements différenciés dans la structure sociale et la division du travail. Un militantisme à deux vitesses en somme.
Les composantes idéologiques de la représentation professionnelle d’Internet
Authors: Ratinaud Pierre
Published: April 2018

Nous présenterons les résultats d’une étude sur la représentation professionnelle d’Internet dans un corpus d’enseignants du secondaire qui en ont une pratique. Ce travail s’appuie sur des modèles de pensées sociale et professionnelle qui articulent processus idéologique, représentations, attitudes et pratiques. La première partie de cette étude souligne le poids de la composante idéologique de ce champ représentationnel. Les résultats, obtenus auprès d’un corpus de 299 enseignants des 31 académies françaises, décrivent une représentation ancrée dans la pensée sociale contemporaine. Ils soulignent les différences de représentation, d’attitudes et de pratiques déclarées entre des sujets qui ont une lecture utopique des conséquences d’Internet et des sujets qui en ont une lecture contre-utopique. La seconde partie de cette étude met en évidence le poids de la culture professionnelle enseignante, définie ici comme une forme particulière d’idéologie, sur la professionnalisation de cet objet. Les éléments centraux de cette représentation sont en effet différents si l’objet est évoqué dans un contexte personnel ou si il est évoqué dans un contexte professionnel. Ces résultats semblent indiquer qu’Internet a été adapté aux possibilités et aux fins du système éducatif, ne produisant donc pas les effets d’innovation attendus.
E-Formation collaborative et formation des enseignants documentalistes
Authors: Rinaudo Jean-Luc
Published: April 2018

This article aims to analyse a computer supported collaborative learning (CSCL) for secondary school teachers training at the IUFM de Caen and IUFM de Rouen. The author analyses particularly young teachers’ engagement, through forums in case studies and daily reports. Then, teachers’ discourses shows how CSCL can be thought like a transitional space.
Enseigner et apprendre en ligne. Claroline et le site iCampus de l’UCL : fondements, outils, dispositifs
Authors: Lebrun Marcel
Published: April 2018

Le document vise à montrer l'environnement institutionnel et pédagogique de l’enseignement en ligne à l’UCL et à décrire les dispositifs pédagogiques mis en place dans l’environnement iCampus de l'UCL. La plupart des conseils donnés sont, selon nous, valables pour tout développement de dispositifs pédagogiques sur Internet. iCampus repose sur la plate-forme Claroline développée à l’IPM. Le cheminement réalisé depuis plus de huit ans sera illustré autour de clés pédagogiques qui préfigurent et guident aussi les dispositifs d'enseignement-apprentissage développés «autour» de l’outil. L'article présentera les traits majeurs de l’environnement iCampus ainsi que leur actualisation dans trois dispositifs pédagogiques variés. Il s’agit ici plus de construire son cours avec iCampus que de «mettre son cours sur le net».