bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patterns of oral anticoagulation use with cardioversion in clinical practice
Authors: Geurink Kyle , Holmes DaJuanicia , Ezekowitz Michael D , Pieper Karen , Fonarow Gregg , Kowey Peter R , Reiffel James A , Singer Daniel E , Freeman James , Gersh Bernard J , Mahaffey Kenneth W , Hylek Elaine M , Naccarelli Gerald , Piccini Jonathan P , Peterson Eric D , Pokorney Sean D
Published: June 2020

Background

Cardioversion is common among patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We hypothesised that novel oral anticoagulants (NOAC) used in clinical practice resulted in similar rates of stroke compared with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) for cardioversion.

Methods

Using the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation II, patients with AF who had a cardioversion, follow-up data and an AF diagnosis within 6 months of enrolment were identified retrospectively. Clinical outcomes were compared for patients receiving a NOAC or VKA for 1 year following cardioversion.

Results

Among 13 004 patients with AF, 2260 (17%) underwent cardioversion. 1613 met the inclusion criteria for this analysis. At the time of cardioversion, 283 (17.5%) were receiving a VKA and 1330 (82.5%) a NOAC. A transoesophageal echocardiogram (TOE) was performed in 403 (25%) cardioversions. The incidence of stroke/transient ischaemic attack (TIA) at 30 days was the same for patients having (3.04 per 100 patient-years) or not having (3.04 per 100 patient-years) a TOE (p=0.99). There were no differences in the incidence of death (HR 1.19, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.28, p=0.61), cardiovascular hospitalisation (HR 1.02, 95% CI 0.76 to 1.35, p=0.91), stroke/TIA (HR 1.18, 95% CI 0.30 to 4.74, p=0.81) or bleeding-related hospitalisation (HR 1.29, 95% CI 0.66 to 2.52, p=0.45) at 1 year for patients treated with either a NOAC or VKA.

Conclusions

Cardioversion was a low-risk procedure for patients treated with NOAC, and there were statistically similar rates of stroke/TIA 30 days after cardioversion as for patients treated with VKA. There were no statically significant differences in death, stroke/TIA or major bleeding at 1 year among patients treated with NOAC compared with VKA after cardioversion.
Rosai-Dorfman disease: an overview
Authors: Bruce-Brand Cassandra , Schneider Johann W , Schubert Pawel
Published: June 2020

Context

Rosai-Dorfman disease is an uncommon histiocytic disorder most frequently presenting as bilateral cervical lymphadenopathy in children and young adults. Extranodal disease occurs in a significant proportion of patients. It has been recently classified as part of the ‘R group’ of histiocytoses by the Histiocyte Society in 2016. Cutaneous Rosai-Dorfman disease is regarded as a separate disease entity that falls into the ‘C group’ of histiocytoses according to this classification system. The pathogenesis was previously poorly understood; however, recent evidence demonstrating clonality in a subset of cases raises the possibility of a neoplastic process. A possible association with IgG4-related disease remains controversial.

Objectives

To provide a comprehensive review of Rosai-Dorfman disease, including nodal, extranodal and cutaneous forms, with a particular emphasis on new insights into the possible clonal nature of the disease; to discuss the recently revised classification of the histiocytoses by the Histiocyte Society; and to summarise the findings from the literature regarding the controversial association with IgG4-related disease.

Data sources

This review is based on published peer-reviewed English literature.

Conclusions

Classic Rosai-Dorfman disease, which may be sporadic or familial, is considered a separate entity from cutaneous disease, which is reflected in the revised classification of histiocytoses. An increase in IgG4-positive plasma cells may be seen in Rosai-Dorfman disease. This finding in isolation is of limited significance and should be interpreted with caution. Studies investigating the molecular profile of the disease show that in at least a subset of cases the disease is a clonal process. The classification of Rosai-Dorfman disease is therefore likely to change as our understanding of the aetiopathogenesis evolves.
Safety and immunogenicity of novel 5T4 viral vectored vaccination regimens in early stage prostate cancer: a phase I clinical trial
Authors: Cappuccini Federica , Bryant Richard , Pollock Emily , Carter Lucy , Verrill Clare , Hollidge Julianne , Poulton Ian , Baker Megan , Mitton Celia , Baines Andrea , Meier Armin , Schmidt Guenter , Harrop Richard , Protheroe Andrew , MacPherson Ruth , Kennish Steven , Morgan Susan , Vigano Selena , Romero Pedro J , Evans Thomas , Catto James , Hamdy Freddie , Hill Adrian V S , Redchenko Irina
Published: June 2020

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) has been under investigation as a target for antigen-specific immunotherapies in metastatic disease settings for the last two decades leading to a licensure of the first therapeutic cancer vaccine, Sipuleucel-T, in 2010. However, neither Sipuleucel-T nor other experimental PCa vaccines that emerged later induce strong T-cell immunity.

Methods

In this first-in-man study, VANCE, we evaluated a novel vaccination platform based on two replication-deficient viruses, chimpanzee adenovirus (ChAd) and MVA (Modified Vaccinia Ankara), targeting the oncofetal self-antigen 5T4 in early stage PCa. Forty patients, either newly diagnosed with early-stage PCa and scheduled for radical prostatectomy or patients with stable disease on an active surveillance protocol, were recruited to the study to assess the vaccine safety and T-cell immunogenicity. Secondary and exploratory endpoints included immune infiltration into the prostate, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) change, and assessment of phenotype and functionality of antigen-specific T cells.

Results

The vaccine had an excellent safety profile. Vaccination-induced 5T4-specific T-cell responses were measured in blood by ex vivo IFN-γ ELISpot and were detected in the majority of patients with a mean level in responders of 198 spot-forming cells per million peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated the presence of both CD8+ and CD4+ polyfunctional 5T4-specific T cells in the circulation. 5T4-reactive tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes were isolated from post-treatment prostate tissue. Some of the patients had a transient PSA rise 2–8 weeks following vaccination, possibly indicating an inflammatory response in the target organ.

Conclusions

An excellent safety profile and T-cell responses elicited in the circulation and also detected in the prostate gland support the evaluation of the ChAdOx1-MVA 5T4 vaccine in efficacy trials. It remains to be seen if this vaccination strategy generates immune responses of sufficient magnitude to mediate clinical efficacy and whether it can be effective in late-stage PCa settings, as a monotherapy in advanced disease or as part of multi-modality PCa therapy. To address these questions, the phase I/II trial, ADVANCE, is currently recruiting patients with intermediate-risk PCa, and patients with advanced metastatic castration-resistant PCa, to receive this vaccine in combination with nivolumab.

Trial registration

The trial was registered with the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Trials Registry (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02390063).
Measurement properties of selected patient-reported outcome measures for use in randomised controlled trials in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review
Authors: Strand Vibeke , Simon Lee S , Meara Alexa Simon , Touma Zahi
Published: June 2020

Objective

The heterogeneous multisystem manifestations of SLE include fatigue, pain, depression, sleep disturbance and cognitive dysfunction, and underscore the importance of a multidimensional approach when assessing health-related quality of life. The US Food and Drug Administration has emphasised the importance of patient-reported outcomes (PROs) for approval of new medications and Outcome Measures in Rheumatology has mandated demonstration of appropriate measurement properties of selected PRO instruments.

Methods

Published information regarding psychometric properties of the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36 (SF-36), Lupus Quality of Life Questionnaire (LupusQoL) and Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Fatigue Scale (FACIT-F), and their suitability as end points in randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and longitudinal observational studies (LOS) were assessed. A search of English-language literature using MEDLINE and EMBASE identified studies related to development and validation of these instruments. Evidence addressed content validity, reliability (internal consistency and test-retest reliability), construct validity (convergent and divergent) and longitudinal responsiveness, including thresholds of meaning and discrimination.

Results

All instruments demonstrated strong internal consistency, reliability and appropriate face/content validity, indicating items within each instrument that measure the intended concept. SF-36 and LupusQoL demonstrated test-retest reliability; although not published with FACIT-F in SLE supported by evidence from other rheumatic diseases. All instruments demonstrated convergent validity with other comparable PROs and responsivity to treatment.

Conclusion

The measurement properties of PRO instruments with published data from RCTs including: SF-36, LupusQoL and FACIT-F indicate their value as secondary end points to support labelling claims in RCTs and LOS evaluating the efficacy of SLE treatments.
No benefit of flat head positioning in early moderate–severe acute ischaemic stroke: a HeadPoST study subgroup analysis
Authors: Brunser Alejandro M , Ouyang Menglu , Arima Hisatomi , Lavados Pablo M , Robinson Thompson , Muñoz-Venturelli Paula , Olavarría Verónica V , Billot Laurent , Hackett Marre L , Song Lili , Middleton Sandy , Pontes-Neto Octavio , Lee Tsong-Hai , Watkins Caroline , Anderson Craig S
Published: June 2020

Background

Although the Head Positioning in acute Stroke Trial (HeadPoST) showed no effect of the flat head position (FP; vs sitting up head position (SUP)) on functional outcome, we hypothesised that it could still offer benefits if commenced early in those with acute ischaemic stroke (AIS) of at least moderate severity.

Methods

Subgroup analysis of HeadPoST in participants with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores ≥7, ≥10 and ≥14, randomised to FP or SUP <4.5 hours of AIS onset on functional outcomes defined by a shift in scores on the modified Rankin scale (mRS) and death/disability (mRS scores 3–6), and any cardiovascular serious adverse event. Logistic regression analyses were undertaken adjusted for study design and baseline risk factors.

Results

There was no significant differential treatment effect in patient subgroups defined by increasing baseline NIHSS scores: adjusted OR and 95% CI for ordinal shift and binary (3–6) mRS scores: for NIHSS ≥7 (n=867) 0.92 (0.67 to 1.25) and 0.74 (0.52 to 1.04); NIHSS ≥ 10 (n=606) 0.80 (0.58 to 1.10) and 0.77 (0.49 to 1.19); NIHSS ≥14 (n=378) 0.82 (0.54 to 1.24) and 1.22 (0.69 to 2.14).

Conclusions

Early FP had no significant effect in patients with moderate–severe AIS.

Trial registration number

NCT02162017.
Early prediction of acute kidney injury in neonates with cardiac surgery
Authors: Shi Shanshan , Fan Jiajie , Shu Qiang
Published: June 2020

Background

Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 42%–64% of the neonatal patients experiencing cardiac surgery, contributing to postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria, which are mainly based on serum creatinine and hourly urine output, are not sufficiently sensitive and precise to diagnose neonatal AKI promptly. The purpose of this review is to screen the recent literature, to summarize the novel and cost-effective biomarkers and approaches for neonatal AKI after cardiac surgery (CS-AKI), and to provide a possible research direction for future work.

Data sources

We searched PubMed for articles published before November 2019 with pertinent terms. Sixty-seven articles were found and screened. After excluding 48 records, 19 articles were enrolled for final analysis.

Results

Nineteen articles were enrolled, and 18 possible urinary biomarkers were identified and evaluated for their ability to diagnose CS-AKI. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL), serum cystatin C (sCys), urinary human kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1), urinary liver fatty acid-binding protein (uL-FABP) and interleukin-18 (uIL-18) were the most frequently described as the early predictors of neonatal CS-AKI.

Conclusions

Neonates are vulnerable to CS-AKI. UNGAL, sCys, uL-FABP, uKIM-1 and uIL-18 are potential biomarkers for early prediction of neonatal CS-AKI. Renal regional oxygen saturation by near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-invasive approach for early identification of neonatal AKI. Further work should focus on exploring a sensitive and specific combined diagnostic model that includes novel biomarkers and other complementary methods.
Mass-degenerate Higgs bosons near 125 GeV in the NMSSM under current experimental constraints
Authors: Shang Liangliang , Sun Pengqiang , Heng Zhaoxia , He Yangle , Yang Bingfang
Published: June 2020

The observed Higgs signal at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) may be derived from the two mass-degenerate resonances. We investigate this scenario in the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM) in which both the two lightest CP-even Higgs bosons have masses around 125 GeV. We perform a comprehensive scan over the parameters in the NMSSM considering the current experimental constraints, especially the constraints from dark matter direct detection. The surviving samples are featured with relatively small $$\mu $$μ and large $$\tan \beta $$tanβ. The samples with large deviation of double ratios have large mixing between doublet field and singlet field.
No scalar hair behaviors of static massive scalar fields with nodes
Authors: Peng Yan
Published: June 2020

We study no scalar field hair behavior for spherically symmetric objects in the scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity. In this work, we focus on static massive scalar fields with nodes. We analytically obtain a bound on the coupling parameter. Below the bound, the static massive scalar field with nodes cannot exist outside the object. In particular, our conclusion is independent of surface boundary conditions.
On the dynamics of a modified Lorenz–Stenflo system
Authors: Rech Paulo C.
Published: June 2020

The Lorenz–Stenflo system is a four-parameter four-dimensional autonomous nonlinear continuous-time dynamical system, derived to model the time evolution of finite amplitude acoustic gravity waves in a rotating atmosphere. In this paper, we propose a modified Lorenz–Stenflo system, where the variable [Formula: see text] in the fourth equation of the original Lorenz–Stenflo system was replaced by [Formula: see text]. We investigate cross-sections of the parameter-space of this new system, characterizing regions of different dynamical behaviors. We show that the aforementioned replacement may promote the emergence of organized periodic structures in places of these cross-sections, where they did not exist before modification.
On bulk viscosity at weak and strong ’t Hooft couplings
Authors: Czajka Alina , Dasgupta Keshav , Gale Charles , Jeon Sangyong , Misra Aalok , Richard Michael , Sil Karunava
Published: June 2020

Bulk viscosity is an important transport coefficient that exists in the hydrodynamical limit only when the underlying theory is non-conformal. One example being thermal QCD with large number of colors. We study bulk viscosity in such a theory at low energies and at weak and strong ’t Hooft couplings when the temperature is above the deconfinement temperature. The weak coupling analysis is based on Boltzmann equation from kinetic theory whereas the strong coupling analysis uses non-conformal holographic techniques from string and M-theories. Using these, many properties associated with bulk viscosity may be explicitly derived.
Controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication protocol based on Grover’s algorithm
Authors: Yin Aihan , Lin Weibin , He Kemeng , Han Zhifei , Fan Ping
Published: June 2020

A novel controlled bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (CBQSDC) protocol based on Grover’s algorithm is proposed in our paper, which is on the basis of investigating the properties of it. To avoid information leakage, the strategy of adding control-not gate is employed in our protocol. The proposed protocol uses Bell state as quantum resource to transmit information in a dual-quantum-channel. Through the proposed measures, we can not only prevent information leakage, but also improve the efficiency of transmission. As can be shown from the security analysis, the Grover’s algorithm has great application prospects in the research of CBQSDC.
Evolutionary dynamics of competition among ports in networks
Authors: Li Qiaoru , Zhang Zhe , Chen Zixuan , Chen Liang , Zhang Jingchun , Chen Ke , Wang Yuanyuan , Gao Yuechao
Published: June 2020

The competitive relationships among ports become complicated as the consequence of the prosperity of international trade. Typical oligopoly competition models cannot be competent for the analysis of ports competition in real scenario. In this paper, the scale-free network is adopted to characterize the interactions among ports with various number of neighbors. For each port node, not only direct competition but also indirect influences exerted by its neighbor are taken into account. Following the hypothesis in evolutionary game theory, social learning behavior among competitors occurs generally in our model. Conforming to reality, strategies considering both price collusion and price competition are proposed to investigate evolutionary dynamics of competition among ports in the self-organization process of imitation. It shows that neighbors have the same goal but play different roles in affecting strategy transition during the evolution with two competitive means. We explore how evolutionary dynamics are influenced by different imitation means. Then this paper verifies that price collusion is more conducive to port development when abundant resources is provided. Our results obtained in this evolutionary framework with different imitation means may enhance port-operation efficiency.
An Approach to Software Maintenance: A Case Study in Small and Medium-Sized Businesses IT Organizations
Authors: L’Erario Alexandre , Thomazinho Hellen Christine Seródio , Fabri José Augusto
Published: June 2020

Software maintenance is the task of modifying a running product previously delivered to the client, in order to correct defects, improve performance or adapt it to the environment. This task is a crucial activity for enterprises. Without it, existing systems would become rapidly out-of-date and inefficient. The purpose of this paper is to present a software maintenance approach used in small and medium-sized business (SMB) organizations in Brazil. Currently, these organizations represent 95.5% of the software companies in the country. The approach presented here indicates how SMB IT companies have improved their software maintenance processes. Multiple case studies were performed to validate this approach. The outcomes showed that strategies associated with managing users’ knowledge and development/maintenance teams are relevant to increase the maintenance process effectiveness. This approach involves three aspects: users’ knowledge management, maintenance team knowledge and the management and maintenance process. This improvement includes reducing time and also minimizing the number of tickets. The response time for tickets resolution to the end user has been reduced. In addition, IT organizations have minimized the effects associated with both staff and client turnovers.
Scalar modes, spontaneous scalarization and circular null-geodesics of black holes in scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity
Authors: Macedo Caio F. B.
Published: June 2020

In general relativity, astrophysical black holes (BHs) are simple objects, described by just their mass and spin. These simple solutions are not exclusive to general relativity, as they also appear in theories that allow for an extra scalar degree of freedom. Recently, it was shown that some theories which couple a scalar field with the Gauss–Bonnet invariant can have the same classic black hole solutions from general relativity as well as hairy BHs. These scalarized solutions can be stable, having an additional “charge” term that has an impact on the gravitational-wave emission by black hole binaries. In this paper, we overview black hole solutions in scalar-Gauss–Bonnet gravity, considering self-interacting terms for the scalar field. We present the mode analysis for the monopolar and dipolar perturbations around the Schwarzschild black hole in scalar-Gauss–Bonnet, showing the transition between stable and unstable solutions. We also present the time-evolution of scalar Gaussian wave packets, analyzing the impact of the scalar-Gauss–Bonnet term in their evolution. We then present some scalarized solutions, showing that nonlinear coupling functions and self-interacting terms can stabilize them. Finally, we compute the light-ring frequency and the Lyapunov exponent, which possibly estimate the black hole quasinormal modes in the eikonal limit.
Principle of equivalence at Planck scales and the zero-point length of spacetime — A synergistic description of quantum matter and geometry
Authors: Padmanabhan T.
Published: June 2020

At mesoscopic scales close to, but somewhat larger than, Planck length, one could describe quantum spacetime and matter in terms of a quantum-corrected geometry. The key feature of such a description is the introduction of a zero-point length into the spacetime. When we proceed from quantum geometry to quantum matter, the zero-point length will introduce corrections in the propagator of matter field in a specific manner. On the other hand, one cannot ignore the self-gravity of matter fields at the mesoscopic scales and this will also modify the form of the propagator. Consistency demands that these two modifications coming from two different directions are the same. I show that this nontrivial demand is actually satisfied. Surprisingly, the principle of equivalence, operating at Planck scales, ensures this consistency in a subtle manner.
Possibility of studying the effects of the DM-electron scattering on the cosmic microwave background based on simple assumptions
Authors: chen Lu
Published: June 2020

Investigating the dark matter (DM) properties in the view of cosmic evolution is an important method in searching for DM. In this paper, we derive the modified Boltzmann equations and study how the elastic scattering between the DM particles and the free electrons in our universe influences the CMB and matter power spectra starting from a few basic assumptions. The results indicates that the scattering affects the small scales significantly, especially the CMB polarization power spectra. With this method, the coupling constant between DM and electrons can be constrained with CMB observational data and the results only depend on a few basic assumptions.
Revisiting the Israel junction conditions in Einstein–Cartan gravity
Authors: Khakshournia S. , Mansouri R.
Published: June 2020

The Israel junction conditions of a thin shell in the context of Einstein–Cartan gravity are revisited. It is shown that with a choice of the torsion discontinuity taken to be orthogonal to the hypersurface and consistent with the antisymmetric properties of torsion tensor and contorsion tensor, the generalized asymmetric surface energy–momentum tensor turns out to be tangent to the hypersurface while the resulting generalized Israel junction conditions are modified. The main differences to previous works are mentioned.
EBOLA OUTBREAKS AND INTERNATIONAL TRAVEL RESTRICTIONS: CASE STUDIES OF CENTRAL AND WEST AFRICA REGIONS
Authors: SIEWE NOURRIDINE , LENHART SUZANNE , YAKUBU ABDUL-AZIZ
Published: June 2020

Ebola outbreaks in Africa have occurred mostly in the Central and West Africa regions that are politically identified as the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and Economic Community of Western African States (ECOWAS), respectively. In the ECOWAS region, people and goods are allowed to travel freely across national borders of all the 15 member countries, but in the ECCAS region such regional travel across the national borders of its 10 member countries is limited. In this paper, we use parameterized mathematical models of Ebola to investigate the effects of free international travel, and the timing of border closings, on the high number of Ebola infection cases and deaths of the recent 2014–2016 Ebola outbreaks in Guinea, Liberia and Sierra Leone (ECOWAS); as compared to previous and current outbreaks in Democratic Republic of Congo (ECCAS, 1976–2018). Simulations of our single-patch Ebola model without movement of humans across international borders are shown to capture the recorded numbers of Ebola infections and deaths in the ECCAS region, and simulations of our 3-patch model with interpatch movements capture that of the ECOWAS region. We obtain that international travel restrictions and timing of border closings can play important roles in mitigating against the spread of future fatal infectious disease outbreaks.
Extending silted algebras to cluster-tilted algebras
Authors: Gao Hanpeng
Published: June 2020

It is well known that the relation extensions of tilted algebras are cluster-tilted algebras. In this paper, we extend the result to silted algebras and prove that some extension of silted algebras are cluster-tilted algebras.
Comparison of gene regulatory networks to identify pathogenic genes for lymphoma
Authors: Yu Xiao , Weng Tongfeng , Gu Changgui , Yang Huijie
Published: June 2020

Lymphoma is the most complicated cancer that can be divided into several tens of subtypes. It may occur in any part of body that has lymphocytes, and is closely correlated with diverse environmental factors such as the ionizing radiation, chemocarcinogenesis, and virus infection. All the environmental factors affect the lymphoma through genes. Identifying pathogenic genes for lymphoma is consequently an essential task to understand its complexity in a unified framework. In this paper, we propose a new method to expose high-confident edges in gene regulatory networks (GRNs) for a total of 32 organs, called Filtered GRNs (f-GRNs), comparison of which gives us a proper reference for the Lymphoma, i.e. the B-lymphocytes cells, whose f-GRN is closest with that for the Lymphoma. By using the Gene Ontology and Biological Process analysis we display the differences of the two networks’ hubs in biological functions. Matching with the Genecards shows that most of the hubs take part in the genetic information transmission and expression, except a specific gene of Retinoic Acid Receptor Alpha (RARA) that encodes the retinoic acid receptor. In the lymphoma, the genes in the RARA ego-network are involved in two cancer pathways, and the RARA is present only in these cancer pathways. For the lymphoid B cells, however, the genes in the RARA ego-network do not participate in cancer-related pathways.
Digital Innovation in Incumbent Firms: An Exploratory Analysis of Value Creation
Authors: Bosler Micha , Burr Wolfgang , Ihring Leonie
Published: June 2020

Incumbent firms’ competitiveness largely depends on the ability to develop digital innovation as novel combination of digital and physical components. This paper provides a better understanding of value creation through digital innovation, focussing on market offerings from incumbent firms. Based on the insights of an exploratory multiple case study with seven cases from the automotive, machine engineering, and consumer goods industries in Germany, we explain the multi-sided changes required for the development and management of digital innovations. Afterwards, we contribute to the further theorization of digital innovation. According to our empirical findings, we decided to discuss the applicability of the resource-based and competence-based approach.
Riemann solitons and almost Riemann solitons on almost Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Venkatesha V. , Kumara H. Aruna , Naik Devaraja Mallesha
Published: June 2020

The aim of this paper, is to study the Riemann soliton and gradient almost Riemann soliton on certain class of almost Kenmotsu manifolds. Also, some suitable examples of Kenmotsu and [Formula: see text]-almost Kenmotsu manifolds are constructed to justify our results.
Metric Diophantine approximation with congruence conditions
Authors: Nesharim Erez , Rühr René , Shi Ronggang
Published: June 2020

We prove a version of the Khinchin–Groshev theorem for Diophantine approximation of matrices subject to a congruence condition. The proof relies on an extension of the Dani correspondence to the quotient by a congruence subgroup. This correspondence together with a multiple ergodic theorem are used to study rational approximations in several congruence classes simultaneously. The result in this part holds in the generality of weighted approximation but is restricted to simple approximation functions.
From the President: Life as Usual in a Globally Changed World
Authors: DeGendt Stefan
Published: June 2020

What else is there to talk about? Sure, I did anticipate my transition into the role of ECS President differently. At the time of writing this editorial, the worldwide pandemic is still raging, with positive indications on the horizon and prospects for medicine or a vaccine by the fall.
Looking at Patent Law: Defining the Meaning and Scope of Claims through Claim Construction; Insights from the Lithium Battery Patent Infringement Case
Authors: Taylor E. Jennings , Inman Maria
Published: June 2020

In this installment of the “Looking at Patent Law” series, we discuss the legal basis for determination of the meaning and scope of patent claims. The process begins with the inventor and the inventor’s interaction with patent council in drafting the patent application. Further clarification is added during the interaction of the inventor/patent attorney and the USPTO examiner during the prosecution of the patent application. A 1996 Supreme Court ruling stated that the determination of the meaning and scope of claims is a matter of law and decided by the courts. Consequently, patent infringement cases consist of two steps: 1.) determination of the meaning and scope of the claims during a Markman hearing (named after the Supreme Court case), followed by 2.) a jury trial deciding infringement. We conclude this article with a review of the Markman hearing in a lithium battery patent infringement case. With this article, we hope to demystify the patent claiming and interpretation process and better prepare electrochemical and solid state scientists, engineers, and technologists to interact with their patent counsel regarding their inventions.
Pressure overload generates a cardiac-specific profile of inflammatory mediators
Authors: O’Brien Matthew , Baicu Catalin F. , Van Laer An O. , Zhang Yuhua , McDonald Lindsey T. , LaRue Amanda C. , Zile Michael R. , Bradshaw Amy D.
Published: June 2020

Myocardial fibrosis and the resultant increases in myocardial stiffness represent pivotal consequences of chronic pressure overload (PO). In this study, cytokine profiles produced in a murine model of cardiac fibrosis induced by PO were compared with those produced in response to silica-induced lung fibrosis. A unique profile of cardiac tissue-specific and plasma-derived factors generated in response to PO are reported.
Development of an endothelial cell-restricted transgenic reporter rat: a resource for physiological studies of vascular biology
Authors: Alexeyev Mikhail , Geurts Aron M. , Annamdevula Naga S. , Francis C. Michael , Leavesley Silas Josiah , Rich Thomas C. , Taylor Mark S. , Lin Mike T. , Balczon Ron , Knighten Jennifer Michelle , Alvarez Diego F. , Stevens Troy
Published: June 2020

The use of transgenic mice has been instrumental in advancing molecular insight of physiological processes, yet these models oftentimes do not faithfully recapitulate human physiology and pathophysiology. Rat models better replicate some human conditions, like Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension. Here, we report the development of an endothelial cell-restricted transgenic reporter rat that has broad application to vascular biology. This first-in-kind model offers exceptional endothelial restricted tdTomato expression, in both conduit vessels and the microcirculations of organs.
Insulin resistance is associated with an exaggerated blood pressure response to ischemic rhythmic handgrip exercise in nondiabetic older adults
Authors: Hotta Norio , Hori Amane , Okamura Yukiko , Baba Reizo , Watanabe Hidehiro , Sugawara Jun , Vongpatanasin Wanpen , Wang Jijia , Kim Han-Kyul , Ishizawa Rie , Iwamoto Gary A. , Mitchell Jere H. , Smith Scott A. , Mizuno Masaki
Published: June 2020

The diastolic blood pressure response to rhythmic dynamic handgrip exercise under ischemic conditions was demonstrated to be correlated with insulin resistance-related factors in nondiabetic older adults. This finding provides important insight to the prescription of exercise in this particular patient population as the blood pressure response to exercise, especially under ischemic conditions, could be exaggerated to nonsafe levels.
Treatment of Yellow Phosphorus Slag and Reuse of It as an Absorbent of Chromium (VI) Ions and Methylene Blue
Authors: Nguyen Van Hai , Nguyen Van Chien , Nguyen Thuy Chinh , Tran Do Mai Trang , Nguyen Thi Thu Trang , Vu Quoc Trung , Nguyen Duy Trinh , Thai Hoang
Published: June 2020

Yellow phosphorus is used widely in the world for production of phosphoric acid, various phosphates, flame retardant, detergent, water treatment, metal surface treatment, etc. After the production of yellow phosphorus, a large amount of phosphorus sludge is discharged to environment, causing environment pollution. This work focused on treatment of yellow phosphorus slag (YPS) and application of it as an absorbent for chromium (VI) ion and methylene blue. The YPS was first washed with water to remove phosphoferrite (FeP) and impurities and then being milled and transferred to a float sorting system to obtain YPS particles. The characteristics of YPS particles were determined by inductively coupled plasma-mass-spectrometry (ICP-MS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), infrared spectroscopy (IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), zeta potential, and nitrogen adsorption methods. The YPS particles were retreated with NaOH, HNO3, and EDTA solutions to evaluate the influence of these agents on metal ion and organic compound adsorption ability by YPS. The adsorption parameters of chromium (VI) ion and methylene blue (MB) by treated YPS particles were recognized by the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrometer. The effects of temperature, pH solution, and initial concentration of absorbed substances on the adsorption ability were investigated. The adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics of chromium (VI) ion and MB by YPS particles were also determined. The obtained results confirmed that the green technology used to treat the YPS2 particles is suitable to obtain an effective absorbent. The adsorption efficiency of YPS2 particles for removal of chromium (VI) ions is smaller than that for removal of MB in aqueous solutions. The adsorption isotherm of MB adsorption process is complied with the Langmuir isotherm while the adsorption kinetic fits well with the pseudo-second-order reaction model. The thermodynamic parameters of MB adsorption processed on YPS2 were calculated and discussed.
Cucurbita ficifolia Fruit Extract Induces Tp53/Caspase‐Mediated Apoptosis in MCF‐7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Alshammari Ghedeir M. , Balakrishnan Aristatile , Alshatwi Ali A. , Al-Khalifa Abdulrahman
Published: June 2020

The second most biggest cancer worldwide is breast cancer. There is an increasing need for safer, effective, and affordable drug candidates from natural sources to treat breast cancer. In the present investigation, the anticancer effect of Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (C. ficifolia) fruit extract was tested on the human breast cancer cells such as MCF‐7. The cells were exposed with different doses of C. ficifolia, for the assessment of IC50 concentrations on the MCF‐7 cell lines for 24 hs. The effect of C. ficifolia fruit extract on morphological and apoptotic changes were evaluated by specific fluorescence staining techniques and real‐time PCR in a time‐dependent manner for 24 hs and 48 hs. The IC50 value for C. ficifolia fruit extract was found to be 90 μg/mL. Morphological alteration and apoptotic distinctiveness aspect like chromatin condensation and nuclear fragmentation were noticed in C. ficifolia extract exposed breast cancer cells. Further, we observed that C. ficifolia extract‐induced programmed cell death in the MCF‐7 cells were mediated with the elevated expression of the tumor suppressor gene such as p53 and apoptotic markers such as caspase‐8, caspase‐9, caspase‐3, fatty acid synthase (FAS), Fas‐associated protein with death domain (FADD), Bcl‐2 homologous antagonist/killer (BAK), and Bcl‐2‐associated X protein (BAX). These observations established that C. ficifolia significantly concealed the cell division and provoked p53/caspase‐mediated programmed cell death. Further, we noticed that this cell death in MCF‐7 cells is concentration and time dependent. As evaluated through the comet assay, C. ficifolia induced DNA damage; further upon increasing the duration of the treatment, the DNA damage was higher than before. Thus, our study concludes that C. ficifolia could serve as an effective anticancer agent through vital gene modulation.
A Discrete Fracture Modeling Approach for Analysis of Coalbed Methane and Water Flow in a Fractured Coal Reservoir
Authors: Ma Tianran , Xu Hao , Guo Chaobin , Fu Xuehai , Liu Weiqun , Yang Rui
Published: June 2020

As a complex two-phase flow in naturally fractured coal formations, the prediction and analysis of CBM production remain challenging. This study presents a discrete fracture approach to modeling coalbed methane (CBM) and water flow in fractured coal reservoirs, particularly the influence of fracture orientation, fracture density, gravity, and fracture skeleton on fluid transport. The discrete fracture model is first verified by two water-flooding cases with multi- and single-fracture configurations. The verified model is then used to simulate CBM production from a discrete fractured reservoir using four different fracture patterns. The results indicate that fluid behavior is significantly affected by orientation, density, and fracture connectivity. Finally, several cases are performed to investigate the influence of gravity and fracture skeleton. The simulation results show that gas migrates upwards to the top reservoir during fluid extraction owing to buoyancy and the connected fracture skeleton plays a dominant role in fluid transport and methane production efficiency. Overall, the developed discrete fracture model provides a powerful tool to study two-phase flow in fractured coal reservoirs.
Cuando llegue la hora de volver
Authors: Abarzúa Eduardo , Ljubetic Yerko
Published: June 2020

La prudencia extrema en los ritmos del proceso –en la medida que el objetivo no es el crecimiento, sino evitar el shock-, el diálogo entre los actores, el carácter compartido de los sacrificios y un estado velando por los derechos fundamentales de trabajadores y trabajadoras son algunos elementos indispensables de considerar. Continuar leyendo...
Macrophage HIF-1α Is an Independent Prognostic Indicator in Kidney Cancer
Authors: Cowman Sophie J. , Fuja Daniel G. , Liu Xian-De , Tidwell Rebecca S. Slack , Kandula Neelima , Sirohi Deepika , Agarwal Archana M. , Emerson Lyska L. , Tripp Sheryl R. , Mohlman Jeffrey S. , Stonhill Miekan , Garcia Guillermina , Conley Christopher J. , Olalde Adam A. , Sargis Timothy , Ramirez-Torres Adela , Karam Jose A. , Wood Christopher G. , Sircar Kanishka , Tamboli Pheroze , Boucher Kenneth , Maughan Benjamin , Spike Benjamin T. , Ho Thai H. , Agarwal Neeraj , Jonasch Eric , Koh Mei Yee
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is frequently associated with inactivation of the von Hippel–Lindau tumor suppressor, resulting in activation of HIF-1α and HIF-2α. The current paradigm, established using mechanistic cell-based studies, supports a tumor promoting role for HIF-2α, and a tumor suppressor role for HIF-1α. However, few studies have comprehensively examined the clinical relevance of this paradigm. Furthermore, the hypoxia-associated factor (HAF), which regulates the HIFs, has not been comprehensively evaluated in ccRCC.

Experimental Design:

To assess the involvement of HAF/HIFs in ccRCC, we analyzed their relationship to tumor grade/stage/outcome using tissue from 380 patients, and validated these associations using tissue from 72 additional patients and a further 57 patients treated with antiangiogenic therapy for associations with response. Further characterization was performed using single-cell mRNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), RNA-in situ hybridization (RNA-ISH), and IHC.

Results:

HIF-1α was primarily expressed in tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), whereas HIF-2α and HAF were expressed primarily in tumor cells. TAM-associated HIF-1α was significantly associated with high tumor grade and increased metastasis and was independently associated with decreased overall survival. Furthermore, elevated TAM HIF-1α was significantly associated with resistance to antiangiogenic therapy. In contrast, high HAF or HIF-2α were associated with low grade, decreased metastasis, and increased overall survival. scRNA-seq, RNA-ISH, and Western blotting confirmed the expression of HIF-1α in M2-polarized CD163-expressing TAMs.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight a potential role of TAM HIF-1α in ccRCC progression and support the reevaluation of HIF-1α as a therapeutic target and marker of disease progression.
IL15 Stimulation with TIGIT Blockade Reverses CD155-mediated NK-Cell Dysfunction in Melanoma
Authors: Chauvin Joe-Marc , Ka Mignane , Pagliano Ornella , Menna Carmine , Ding Quanquan , DeBlasio Richelle , Sanders Cindy , Hou Jiajie , Li Xian-Yang , Ferrone Soldano , Davar Diwakar , Kirkwood John M. , Johnston Robert J. , Korman Alan J. , Smyth Mark J. , Zarour Hassane M.
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

Natural killer (NK) cells play a critical role in tumor immunosurveillance. Multiple activating and inhibitory receptors (IR) regulate NK-cell–mediated tumor control. The IR T-cell immunoglobulin and ITIM domain (TIGIT) and its counter-receptor CD226 exert opposite effects on NK-cell–mediated tumor reactivity.

Experimental Design:

We evaluated the frequency, phenotype, and functions of NK cells freshly isolated from healthy donors and patients with melanoma with multiparameter flow cytometry. We assessed TIGIT and CD226 cell surface expression and internalization upon binding to CD155. We evaluated the role of IL15 and TIGIT blockade in increasing NK-cell–mediated cytotoxicity in vitro and in two mouse models.

Results:

NK cells are present at low frequencies in metastatic melanoma, are dysfunctional, and downregulate both TIGIT and CD226 expression. As compared with TIGIT− NK cells, TIGIT+ NK cells exhibit higher cytotoxic capacity and maturation, but paradoxically lower cytotoxicity against CD155+ MHC class I–deficient melanoma cells. Membrane bound CD155 triggers CD226 internalization and degradation, resulting in decreased NK-cell–mediated tumor reactivity. IL15 increases TIGIT and CD226 gene expression by tumor-infiltrating NK cells (TiNKs) and, together with TIGIT blockade, increases NK-cell–mediated melanoma cytotoxicity in vitro and decreases tumor metastasis in two mouse melanoma models. Specific deletion of TIGIT on transferred NK cells enhances the antimetastatic activity of IL15, while CD226 blockade decreases the effects of IL15 and TIGIT blockade.

Conclusions:

Our findings support the development of novel combinatorial immunotherapy with IL15 and TIGIT blockade to promote NK-cell–mediated destruction of MHC class I–deficient melanoma, which are refractory to CD8+ T-cell–mediated immunity.

See related commentary by Pietra et al., p. 5274
Training Skills in Minimally Invasive, Robotic and Open Surgery: Brain Activation as an Opportunity for Learning
Authors: Pelizzo Gloria , Cardinali Lucilla , Bonanno Lilla , Marino Silvia , Cavaliere Carlo , Aiello Marco , Bramanti Placido , Mazzon Emanuela , Soddu Andrea , Calcaterra Valeria
Published: June 2020

Introduction: The advantages of the robotic approach in surgery are undisputed. However, during surgical training, how this technique influences the learning curve has not been described. We provide a tentative model for analyzing the learning curves associated with observation and active participation in learning different surgical techniques, using functional imaging. Methods: Forty medical students were enrolled and assigned to 4 groups who underwent training in robotic (ROB), laparoscopic (LAP), or open (OPEN) surgery, and a control group that performed motor training without surgical instruments. Surgical/motor training included six 1-h sessions completed over 6 days of the same week. All subjects underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning sessions, before and after surgical training during. Results: Twenty-three participants completed the study. The 3 surgical groups exhibited different learning curves during training. The main effects of the day of training (p < 0.01) and the group (p < 0.01) as well as a significant interaction of day of training group (p < 0.01) were observed. The performance increased in the first 4 days, reaching a peak at day 4, when all groups were considered together. The OPEN group showed the best performance compared to all other groups (p < 0.04). The OPEN group showed a rapid improvement in performance, which peaked at day 4 and decreased on the last day. Similarly, the LAP group showed a steady increase in the number of exercises they completed, which continued for the entire training period and reached a peak on the last day. However, the participants training in ROB surgery, after a performance initially indistinguishable from that of the LAP group, had a dip in their performance, quickly followed by an improvement and reaching a plateau on day 4. fMRI analysis documented the different involvement of the cortical and subcortical areas based on the type of training. Surgical training modified the activation of some brain regions during both observation and the execution of tasks. Conclusions: Differences in the learning curves of the 3 surgical groups were noted. Functional brain activity represents an interesting starting point to guide training programs.
An Unusual Case of Gastrointestinal Bleeding in Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Peters Niamh , Lightner Clara , McCaffrey John
Published: June 2020

Approximately 340 patients are diagnosed with renal cell cancer (RCC) in Ireland each year. Metastatic spread to the lung, lymph nodes and bones is common. Metastatic spread to the gastrointestinal tract, including the small bowel, is a rare phenomenon. Therapeutic advances have led to an improved overall survival in RCC and, as a result, unusual sites of metastatic spread are becoming more common. We present the case of a 68-year-old gentleman presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding as a result of metastases to the duodenum from renal cell carcinoma.
A Rare Presentation of Stauffer’s Syndrome Associated with Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Tanous Bashar , Alsaud Arwa , Mahmoud Khalid E. , Yassin Mohamed A.
Published: June 2020

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a primary tumor of the kidneys. It is characterized by the triad of flank pain, hematuria, and a palpable flank mass. However, most RCC patients present with a paraneoplastic manifestation of the disease. Stauffer’s syndrome (a non-metastatic hepatic dysfunction) is a rare paraneoplastic manifestation associated with RCC. We report the case of a 30-year-old male, obese, who presented with hematuria and was found to have a right renal mass secondary to RCC. During his hospital stay, the patient developed acute hepatic dysfunction that resolved rapidly after tumor resection.