bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing growth and yield of the wheat-chickpea intercropping system through a combination of different row ratios and biostimulants
Authors: Devi Heisnam Sobhana , Bokado Kangujam , Barkha  , Jackson Khaidem , Sonia
Published: September 2024

Intercropping of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and chickpea (Cicer arietinum) invigorates a sustainable agricultural system with a desirable effect on crop productivity. This study investigates the potential of seaweed extracts, humic and fulvic acids and amino acids as biostimulants for certifying wheat and chickpea intercropping enhancements. Field experiments were conducted during the Rabi season of 2022–2023. A split plot design was employed, with main plot treatments of varying row ratios (M1: sole wheat, M2: sole chickpea, M3: wheat : chickpea ratio 2:1 and M4: wheat : chickpea ratio 4:1) and sub plot treatments with different biostimulants (S0: no biostimulant, S1: seaweed extract, S2: humic acid + fulvic acid and S3: amino acid). Results revealed significance of row ratios and biostimulants on growth and yield attributes. Notably, the 2:1 row ratio treatment (M3) magnified plant height with a maximum of 101.45 cm for wheat crop and 58.44 cm for chickpea at 120 DAS. The seaweed extract application treatment (S1) demonstrated maximum plant height of 104.18 cm and 61.00 cm for wheat and chickpea crops, respectively, at 120 DAS. The grain yield of wheat was established to be higher in the sole cropping system (M1: 7.59 kgha-1) with an accumulated harvest index of 41.23%. Seed yield of chickpea was also higher in the sole crop (M2: 2.09 kgha-1) with a harvest index of 49.00%. This research delves into the application of biostimulants to maximize the benefits of wheat and chickpea intercropping, potentially advancing sustainability for future food security.
Pharmacognostical, phytochemical and phytopharmacological activities of Solanum torvum utilized as a traditional medicinal herb: A review
Authors: Ganguly Paramita , Chatterjee Sandip , Kumari Sabita , Pati Prangyan Paramita , Julekha Kazi
Published: September 2024

Turkey berry, also known as Solanum torvum Swartz, is native to Africa, Asia and South America. This tropical plant of the family Solanaceae has versatile uses in both food and medicine in tropical and subtropical countries. It has been employed in traditional medicine all over the world. Chemical composition of this fruit, its pharmacological properties as ascertained through scientific investigations and its clinical applications are discussed. S. torvum contains numerous important metabolites such as saponins steroids and flavonoids, which function as antioxidants, antifungal, antidiabetic, anticancer, antiulcer, antianxiety and immunomodulators. Various notable roles in ethnomedicinal uses and approaches as a traditional medicinal herb. These have been found in large amounts and have various functions, including antioxidant properties against cardiovascular diseases and immune-modulating activities. Notably leaves extracts, fruits etc. have beneficial therapeutic traits. For a long time now, “Solanum  torvum” has been used to treat numerous conditions such as fever, wounds, etc. Research backs up these traditional uses by pointing out the plant’s blood pressure management, kidney protection nature, and immune-boosting capabilities. The review summarizes the importance of ethnobotany, its chemical composition, and the scientifically proven pharmacological activities of S. torvum.
In vitro and in silico evaluation of antibacterial activities of different solvent extracts made from Sisymbrium irio L. seeds
Authors: Tiwari Madhurima , Bhargava Prachi
Published: September 2024

Sisymbrium irio Linn is one of the underutilized plants, well-known for its traditional importance in Unani Medicine. The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activities of different polarity-based extracts made from seeds of S.irio (Indian variety).The antibacterial activity of 13 different solvent extracts of S.irio seeds was evaluated by the Agar well-diffusion method. Among 13 different solvent seed extracts, ethanolic extract inhibited the growth of all the three bacterial strains used in the study. Further GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract was done to reveal its phytochemical constituents.  Twenty-five different compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis of ethanolic extract of S.irio seeds. Subsequently, for performing in silico antibacterial studies, the identified phytochemicals were first tested for their drug-likeability through Molinspiration software which yielded   four compounds. In silico virtual screening via Autodock Vina was done using four phytochemicals against DNA gyrase subunit B and Dihydrofolate reductase. Out of four phytochemical studied through in silico analysis, “Benzene-1,2-dicarboxylicacid, monoamide, N-(1-cyano-1-methylethyl)” was found to inhibit  DNA gyrase subunit B most effectively. The present study revealed that   Sisymbrium irio displayed potential antibacterial activity and can be used as a good source for designing potent antibacterial agents.
Role of fluorine doping on the electron transport layer of F-doped TiO2 (Titanium dioxide) for photovoltaic systems and its environmental impact
Authors: Sweta  , Panwar Sagar , Kumar Vinod , Malik H.K. , Purohit L. P.
Published: September 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) systems are regarded as clean and sustainable energy sources and exhibit minimal pollution during their lifetime. The production of hazardous contaminants contaminating water resources, emissions of air pollutants during the manufacturing process, and the impact of PV installations on land use are important environmental factors to consider. The present study aimed to synthesise the F-doped Titanium dioxide (TiO2) thin films on a glass substrate employing spin coating followed by the sol-gel process ETL application purpose.  Fluorine-doped TiO2 thin films were prepared using the sol-gel spin coating technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results confirmed that the most intense peak was observed at 25.37° corresponding to the crystallographic plane (101) for anatase TiO2. The average transparency of TiO2 was increased by adding the doping level of fluorine and increment in the optical bandgap. The thickness of the thin film was kept at about 300 nm. The resistance of nanocrystalline thin films of different F doped TiO2 was decreased from 1.322×1012 Ω, 9.728×1011 Ω, as the F doping concentration was increased from pristine to 7 at. %. Based on electrical measurements, it was observed that a suitable electron transport layer (ETL) of F-doped TiO2 can be synthesized for photovoltaic applications.  The present study offers a synthesis and analysis of F-doped TiO2 that can be used to improve the sustainability of PV manufacturing processes, improve its economic value, and mitigate its negative impact on the environment.
Bancos de semillas en el suelo
Authors: De Souza Maia M , Maia F.C. , Pérez M.A.
Published: September 2024

En las comunidades vegetales, el banco de semillas en el suelo (BSS) constituye el potencial regenerativo. La reposición de los individuos a partir del BSS puede tener un efecto marcado en la composición y en los patrones de vegetación de la comunidad. Numerosas investigaciones se han llevado a cabo en bancos de semillas en hábitats agrícolas o en comunidades naturales. Esta revisión tiene como objetivo analizar los conceptos relacionados a BSS, los procesos de formación de éstos, las implicancias agrícolas y cómo esta información puede ser usada para la conservación de los sistemas productivos.
Comparación de dos índices cuantitativos de estimación del estado de desarrollo de la alfalfa
Authors: Bernáldez M.L. , Basigalup D. , Martínez Ferrer J. , Balzarini M. , Alomar D.
Published: September 2024

El estado de desarrollo de la alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) es una variable de estudio común en evaluaciones de cultivares, dada su relación con la composición química y la tasa de crecimiento de la pastura. La determinación de los índices cuantitativos “estado medio por conteo” y “estado medio por peso” (EMC y EMP respectivamente) permite la descripción del estado de desarrollo en pasturas de alfalfa de una manera objetiva y reproducible. Los índices EMC y EMP describen igualmente el estado de desarrollo de la alfalfa cuando la pastura se encuentra próxima al momento de utilización recomendado en la práctica. La ventaja deestimar EMC en relación a EMP, se basa en la rapidez operativa que ofrece la generación de datos para el cálculo del primero.
Efficacy of herbicide dose and plant growth stage on weeds present in fallow ground
Authors: Faccini D. , Puricelli E.
Published: September 2024

Existe escasa información sobre la dosis precisa de herbicidas para el control de malezas en barbechos. La eficacia herbicida varía según la especie y el tamaño de las malezas. Se estudió el efecto de distintas dosis de glifosato, 2,4-D y metsulfuron-metil + dicamba sobre el control de la biomasa de malezas anuales y perennes en estado vegetativo y reproductivo, presentes en barbechos otoño inverno-primaverales en la región sojera central de Argentina. Los experimentos se realizaron en macetas, con las plantas en estado vegetativo y reproductivo,durante los años 2003 y 2004. Se utilizaron los herbicidas glifosato, 2,4-D y metsulfuron-metil + dicamba en tres dosis (2X, 1X, ?X); 1X es la dosis recomendada(1440 g i.a./ha para glifosato, 800 g i.a./ha para 2,4-D y 5,4 + 48 g i.a./ha paramet sulfuron-metil + dicamba). Se incluyó un testigo sin aplicación de herbicidas.Treinta días luego de la aplicación, la biomasa de las plantas se determinó en cada tratamiento en relación con el testigo sin control. Para todos los herbicidas numerosas especies fueron adecuadamente controladas con 2X, pero el control no fue satisfactorio para la mayoría de las especies con 1?2X. El control al estado vegetativo fue mayor o igual en relación al reproductivo. Las especies perennes fueron difíciles de controlar.
Almacenamiento en frío de los bulbos y uso de paclobutrazol para producir tulipán en macetas
Authors: Francescangeli N. , Zagabria A.
Published: September 2024

Se compararon los efectos del paclobutrazol (PBZ) y del tiempo de almacenamiento en frío de los bulbos (TA) sobre características comerciales de tulipán Tulipa gesneriana L. (Leen van der Mark) en maceta. Se evaluaron las concentraciones de PBZ: 0 y 5 ppm aplicadas por inmersión de bulbos durante 24 horas, previo al transplante, y los TA a 5 °C: 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10, 11 y 12 semanas. La temperatura promedio del aire de los ocho ciclos fue: 15 a 15,7 °C. El PBZ no afectó la longitud del ciclo, y losTA explicaron el 83% de la variabilidad en la duración del período transplante-momento de la venta, con una relación inversa. El PBZ no afectó el tamaño de la flor. La altura en el momento de la venta y a fin de floración mostró interacción de los tratamientos: a mayor TA aumentó la altura en todos los casos, pero este incremento fue menor en las plantas tratadas con PBZ. Sin utilizar PBZ y con bulbos de 5 a 8 semanas de almacenamiento fue posible producir plantas comerciales de altura equivalente o menor a las obtenidas con bulbos de 12 semanas de almacenamiento tratados con PBZ a 5 ppm por inmersión durante 24 horas.
Actividad radical, removilización y absorción de N en trigo en postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y fertilización nitrogenada
Authors: Golik S.I. , Chidichimo H. O.
Published: September 2024

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la actividad radical y su relación con la acumulación, removilización y absorción de N en trigo durante postantesis bajo dos sistemas de labranza y distintas dosis de fertilización nitrogenada. La mayor acumulación de N bajo la labranza convencional se tradujo en un mayor aporte de N al grano (10,36 g m- 2 en 2002 y 10,19g m- 2 en 2003) y en un mayor rendimiento (485,78 g m- 2 en 2002 y 468,2g m- 2 en 2003). La siembra directa no presentó diferencias con la labranza convencional en el N absorbido postantesis, pero sí en el removilizado.La fertilización aumentó el N acumulado en cada etapa fenológica,el N removilizado y el N absorbido postantesis. La materia secaradical disminuyó desde antesis hacia madurez. No obstante su tasa de absorción específica de N (SARn) se mantuvo, lo que sugiere que el N acumulado en el grano no sólo proviene del N removilizado sino tambiéndel absorbido postantesis. Durante el llenado de granos la MSR no mostró relación con la tasa de absorción de N, pero sí lo hizo su SARn (r= 0,99** y 0,97 ** para 2002 y 2003 respectivamente). Los cultivares presentaron un comportamiento diferencial frente a los distintos tratamientos analizados.
Presencia de Phomopsis viticola (Saccardo) Saccardo, agente causal de excoriosis, en viñedos de Córdoba, Argentina
Authors: Cragnolini C.I , March G.J. , Viglianco A.I. , Novo R.J. , Bugiani R. , Barreto D.
Published: September 2024

Desde 2001 se observan en viñedos de Córdoba, Argentina, hojas de Vitis vinifera y V. la brusca con manchas cloróticas y centro necrótico. Las plantas presentan nervaduras, pecíolos, raquis y entrenudos con puntos necróticos que al confluir agrietan el tejido cortical. Las bayas pueden marchitarse y desprenderse.En invierno los sarmientos toman color blanquecino con manchas negras, y en ellos y en órganos secos aparecen picnidios con cirros blanco-crema con conidios alfa y beta. El objetivo fue confirmar la presencia de Phomopsis viticola (excoriosis)y cuantificar su incidencia. Se realizaron aislamientos a partir de pecíolos,brotes, zarcillos, bayas y sarmientos que produjeron micelio claro con picnidiosy conidios alfa (7,5m±1,5 x 2,8m±2) y beta (19m±1 x 1,2m±0,5) o sólo alfa, típicosde P. viticola. La identificación fue confirmada mediante secuenciación molecular.En brotes de las variedades Malbec y Pinot noir inoculados con 3 104 conidios/mL,las hojas mostraron lesiones y picnidios 8 días después, y las bayas cirros amarillosa los 15-18 días. P. viticola (Sacc.) Sacc. fue reaislado de los cirros y las colonias produjeron picnidios y conidios característicos 10-20 días después. Se detectó excoriosis en 80% de los viñedos evaluados, con mayor incidencia enviñedos añosos de las variedades Pinot noir e Isabella.
Estimación de la disponibilidad de frío invernal para cerezos de la zona norte de la provincia de Mendoza, Argentina
Authors: Naranjo G. , Tersoglio E.
Published: September 2024

Durante el reposo invernal los frutales de clima templado deben estar expuestos a bajas temperaturas para satisfacer sus necesidades de frío. La disponibilidad de frío varía entre regiones y entre años, y puede ser insuficiente para los cerezos. Por lo tanto cuando se desea incorporar el cultivo del cerezo a nuevas regiones se debe conocer previamente la disponibilidad de frío invernal. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron: desarrollar un pronóstico para estimar la disponibilidad de frío invernal y calcular la probabilidad de satisfacer una determinada demanda de frío del año en curso. Los modelos mostraron que el porcentaje de variabilidad explicado de las unidades de frío Utah modificado en las fechas de referencias (UFUMFR) varía entre 50 y 87% para Junín y entre 50 y 86% para San Martín. La probabilidad que posee Junín de alcanzar elvalor medio de 884 unidades de frío Utah Modificado (UFUM) es 28%, mientras el valor medio de San Martín es 816 UFUM y su probabilidad es 16%. El pronóstico de frío invernal permitirá al productor evaluar los riesgos que posee su plantación de experimentar daños por falta de frío invernal y eventualmente ejecutar medidas correctivas.
Estimación del area de las hojas en plantas de trigo bajo diferentes tipos de estrés abiótico
Authors: Cogliatti D.H , Cataldi M.F. , Iglesias F.
Published: September 2024

En trigo, es posible estimar el área de las hojas (AF) utilizando el producto del largo, el ancho de la lámina (LxA) y un coeficiente de proporcionalidad (bm). Sin embargo, no hay información sobre la posibilidad de usar el mismo valor del coeficiente para estimar el área en plantas que sufren estrés hídrico, lumínico o nutricional. Para estudiar este punto se realizaron dos experimentos en los cuales se aplicó sequía, sombreo y deficiencias de N y P a plantas de trigo.El coeficiente bm se calculó a partir de la regresión lineal entre AF y LxA y fue similar entre las plantas control y aquellas que sufrieron sequía o deficiencias de N o P, pero fue distinto en plantas sombreadas. El mayor valor de bm en las plantas sombreadas se debió a una mayor proporción del sector medio de la lámina, definido por su forma rectangular. La validación de la posibilidad de usar el bm del control para estimar AF en plantas estresadas se realizó por regresión lineal entre el AF medida y calculada. Se concluye que puede usarse el mismo coeficiente bm para estimar el AF en plantas no estresadas y en plantas que sufren sequía o deficiencias de N o P. El uso del mismo valor del coeficiente bm en plantas sombreadas llevó a una subestimación del AF, la que fue más pronunciada a medida que aumentó el sombreo.
Incidence of begomoviruses and climatic characterisation of Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus complex in soybean and bean in Argentina
Authors: Alemandri V. , Rodriguez Pardina P. , Izaurralde J. , García Medina S. , Argüello Caro E. , Mattio M.F. , Dumón A. , Rodriguez S.M. , Truol G.
Published: September 2024

Since the 1990s geminiviruses have emerged as devastating pathogens in tropical and subtropical regions as well as in temperate regions. Recent studies accomplished molecular hybridization-based detection of three begomoviruses infecting soybean and bean crops in Argentina, Bean golden mosaic virus (BGMV), Soybean blistering mosaic virus (SbBMV) and Tomato yellow spot virus (ToYSV). The aims of the present study were to determine incidence and prevalence of the three known geminiviruses in soybean and bean crops in Argentina following the same procedure and to characterize the sites where Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus complex was found based on climate data. The highest incidence values were observed in Salta province. BGMV exhibited the highest prevalence and incidence values in the bean crop, followed by SbBMV. In the soybean crop, SbBMV showed the highest prevalence and incidence values, followed by ToYSV. One hundred and three soybean and bean plots distributed in Argentina, where the Bemisia tabaci-geminivirus complex was detected, were characterized employing a Geographic Information System (GIS). The complex was found in warm and low rainfall areas; these climatic characteristics are consistent with those identified in a previously described model. A map with the probability of occurrence of B. tabaci-geminivirus, based on the climatic characteristics, was obtained.
Efecto del método de desmonte sobre los indicadores de calidad del suelo y la condición de las pasturas en el Chaco semiárido salteño
Authors: Caruso H. , Miranda S.
Published: September 2024

En el este de la provincia de Salta se observa un proceso expansivo de la ganadería que está asociado con el reemplazo del monte nativo por pasturas tropicales a través de desmonte total o de desmonte selectivo. Con el primero se elimina toda la vegetación presente, mientras que con el segundo se dejan los árboles y parte de los arbustos entre los que se siembra la pastura. El objetivo de este trabajo fue describir y cuantificar cambios de la calidad de los suelos y de la condición de las pasturas en fincas ganaderas del Chaco salteño. Para el descriptor suelo, se evaluaron los indicadores materia orgánica, nitrógeno total, carbono particulado, densidad aparente y estabilidad de los agregados del suelo, los que se determinaron en base a muestras obtenidas sobre transectas apareadas, una sobre la condición natural (monte) y la otra sobre la condición modificada (pastura), calculándose el porcentaje de cambio. Las pasturas se evaluaron mediante un índice numérico que reúne los indicadores: altura, vigor y cobertura del suelo por la pastura y presencia de malezas. Se concluye que la condición de las pasturas se relaciona con los indicadores físicos de los suelos, así como con el método de desmonte utilizado
Efecto de la siembra directa sobre los procesos de adsorción de fósforo en los molisoles del centro norte de la provincia de Córdoba (Argentina)
Authors: Rollan A. A. , Bachmeier O. A. , Silva Rosi M. M. , Moreno M. A.
Published: September 2024

Under the hypothesis that the stratification of soil properties under directseeding conditions (SD) modifies P sorption parameters, the objectives of this work were: i) to estimate P sorption parameters by using Langmuir isotherms in samples of different depth, extracted from fields under continuous direct seeding; (ii) to analyze the similarities and differences between the parameters obtained; and (iii) to identify the relationship between the edaphic properties of the surface stratum and the estimated parameters. Soil samples of 0 to 5 and 0 to 20 cm were equilibrated with  solutions with increasing concentrations of P. From the relationship between the adsorbed P and the concentration of P in equilibrium, the maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) and the retention affinity constant (k) were estimated. The higher Qmax and the low k of 0 to 5 cm samples show that there is a distinct behaviour in the first centimeters of depth. In that layer the bioavailability of P and the residuality of the applied fertilizers are regulated by adsorption phenomena responding to the  presence of organic colloids, which are accumulated by the stratification associated with SD.
Citogenética de Triticales. Abeiraciones Meióticas en Triticales Hexaploides
Authors: Ochoa de Suárez B. , Manero de Zumelzú D. , Macchiavelli R.
Published: September 2024

Cytological stability was studied in hexaploid triticales through observations of meiotic aberrations (univalents in Ml and micro nuclei in Tetrads). Meiotic irregularity counts were repeated after 5 years; during this period the material was sown consecutively. The cultivars analyzed were: Cachirulo, 6 I'A 204; Triticale 0205; Triticale 0204 and Rosner. The observations were made in CMP and the statistical analysis was carried out using the Differences of Proportions Test. It is concluded that to analyze meiotic stability it is not necessary to determine laggard frequencies. Of the 5 cultivars studied, Triticale 0205 is the only one cytologically stable.
Influencia del carbofurán sobre el comportamiento de dos cultivares de maíz frente al "Mal de Río Cuarto"
Authors: March G. J. , Lenardon S. L. , Astorga E. M. , Beviacqua J. E. , López A. B.
Published: September 2024

During the 82/83 cropping season, two similar trials were carried out to evaluate the influence of carbofuran on the performance of two corn cultivars against "Mal de Río Cuarto". The experimental design was in divided plots, the main plots corresponding to the cultivars Cargill tribrid 40 and Asgrow 351, and the secondary plots to the treatments: 1) carbofuran granulated at 5% of act vo product, 70 gr. p.a./1000 meters of sowing furrow, 2) carbofuran G5%, 105 gr.p.a./1000 meters, 3) carbofuran 35%, as seed coverage at 1%, 4) idem 3 plus carbofuran G5%, 105 gr.p.a./1000 meters, 6) untreated control. Treatments 4 and 5 were carried out after emergence and at different times for both trials, 28 and 37 days after sowing, respectively. The Cargill tribrid 40 cultivar had lower incidence of "Rio Cuarto disease" and higher yields than Asgrow 351. Treatments 1 and 2 generally resulted in decreases in disease incidence and increases in yield, with Asgrow 351 reaching yields similar to those of the untreated Cargill tribrid 40 in these cases.
Efecto de la Trifluralina sobre algunas propiedades biológicas de un suelo cultivado con Maní (Arachis hypogaca L.)
Authors: Ponte R. P. , Oliva L. del V. , Acosta M. I.
Published: September 2024

The effect of the application of Trifluralin in normal and double doses on certain biological properties of the soil was analyzed in the area of Manfredi, Province of Córdoba (Argentina), cultivated with peanut and randomized block design. The density of groups of aerobic cellulolytic microorganisms, free-living nitrogen fixers (genus Azotobacter) and nitrifiers was evaluated, as well as their effect on nodulation, global biological activity and crop yield. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences. It was concluded that Trifluralin at normal and double the commercially recommended doses did not affect any of the studied parameters of the microflora or the yield of the peanut crop.
Taxinomia de los principales microhimenopteros parasíticos de Contarinia sorghicola Coquillet 1898 (diptera : cecidomyiidae) y observaciones preliminares sobre algunas características de sus poblaciones en Manfredi (Córdoba)
Authors: Díaz Sandra M.
Published: September 2024

The population of Contarinia sorghicola Coq. and its parasitoids was monitored throughout the flowering season in 1984 at Manfredi (Córdoba). Three species of hymenopteran parasites were found: Aprostocetus diplosidis Crawford, Eupelmus popa Girault 1917, and Tetrastichus sp. They were briefly described, and a simple identification key was created. The percentage of parasitization was 28.35%. There was no density dependence in the response of the parasitoids to the increase in the Contarinia sorghicola population. Aprostocetus diplosidis was, by far, the most abundant parasitoid of Contarinia sorghicola at Manfredi.
La Asociación Rhizobium-Leguminosa en alfalfares de la Provincia de Córdoba. Segunda Etapa: Inoculación a campo
Authors: Ponte Roberto P. , Acosta Marta I. , Abril Adriana , Oliva Luisa del V.
Published: September 2024

As a second step in Rhizobium meliloti strain selection, field trials were conducted in the central region of Córdoba, Argentina. The main objective was to assess its N-fixation ability under local average climate-soil-plant conditions, compared with other strains from different sources, and to evaluate its response to massive or multiple inoculation methods in order to address competition problems. Medicago sativa L. cv. Polihíbrido Manfredi seeds were planted in a completely randomized block design with 5 repetitions over 2 seasons. Dry matter and N-content (as protein percentage) were determined at 3 cuttings when the crop reached 10% flowering. The results showed an increase in yield and protein content with inoculation, even with a high indigenous population. Under these ecological conditions, both selected indigenous strains and those recommended by INTA showed similar behavior in terms of N-fixation ability, and no differences were detected in response to inoculation methods (simple or multiple).
La Humedad del suelo y su incidencia sobre la implantación del sorgo granífero
Authors: Alessandria Esteban
Published: September 2024

After the elaboration of the results that allowed the development of the work “Factors affecting the implantation of grain sorghum: sowing depth and size of the caryopsis” (E. Alessandria, 1982), some aspects arose that for various reasons were not included in the same, among them the different behavior of sorghum seedlings, depending on whether they were sown in relatively dry or humid soil.
Efecto de los ácidos húmicos sobre el crecimiento de las raíces y los niveles endógenos de auxina y sustancias similares a inhibidores
Authors: Casenave De Sanfilippo E. , Arguello J. A. , Correa N. S. , Orioli G. A.
Published: September 2024

The present paper reports on the effect of complete humic acid extract and medium molecular mass fraction thereof on the growth of sunflower root sections and on the endogenous level of plant growth regulators. Humic acids in nutrient solution, as opposed to humic acids or nutrient solution alone, caused the growth rate in root sections to diminish. Higher concentrations of humic acids proved to have an even stronger inhibitory effect. Root sections treated with 285 mg/L of medium molecular mass fraction showed improved growth and higher endogenous levels of growth-promoting substances than the control. Concentrations as high as 2000 mg/L of complete humic acid extract caused an increase in the endogenous levels of inhibitors. It is suggested that humic acids affect root growth either by altering the metabolism of endogenous plant regulators or by acting as growth-regulating substances themselves.
Producción de antisuero contra el virus X de la papa (Solanum tuberosum L.) y su incorporación a los servicios de detección mediante ELISA
Authors: Weller F. M. , Rodríguez F. I. , Medina G. I. , Muñoz J. O.
Published: September 2024

The potato virus X was purified fromNicotiana glutinosa L. tissues, clarifying the plantsap by low speed centrifugation cycles, precipitations with polyethyleneglycol, sucrose cushion and sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. Rabbits were immunized with the purified preparations and a titer of 1/128 in microproecipitation tests was obtained. The immunóglobulin G was purified, and conjugated with alkaline phosphatase to be used in ELISA tests. The immunoglobulin G and conjugate are at present being used by the departmentin virus detection in potatoes.
Variaciones del contenido de sustancias astringentes en distintos híbridos de sorgo en diferentes estados de madurez
Authors: Rubiolo O. J. , Reinaudi N. B. , Domínguez R. A. , Vaquero J.
Published: September 2024

Variation data of tannic acid equivalents in kernels of 38 grain sorghum hybrids at three different stages: solft dough, hard dough and ripening time are presented here. By means cluster annalysis four groups are differentiated. 1) With low tannin values at three stages. II) With high values at soft dough with a decreasing trend. III) Idem II but with higher values. IV) High values at soft doug, low at hard dough and highest values at ripening time.
Evaluación de distintos métodos de sincronización de celos en ovinos
Authors: Barioglio C. , Varela L. , Ventura J. , Arnaudo R. , Bonardi C. , Campos M. , Rodríguez T.
Published: September 2024

In order to study the comparative effect of three techniques of oestrus synchronization and lambing concentration, 100 Corriedale ewes were randomly allotted to 4 groups of 25 ewes each, which were identified as follows: group C, trial group; group F, ewes exposed to a ram fitted with a harness, hence incapable of servicing; group T, ewes exposed to a ram fitted with a harness and treated with 2 doses of testosterone injected 5 days apart; and group P, ewes exposed to a ram fitted with a harness and treated with 2 doses of PG F2α. There was no contact among the groups for 15 days prior to the service. Later, the 4 groups were put together and the ewes were exposed to 10 rams for 60 days. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to determine the effect of the treatment on early parturitions. Multiple comparison analyses were later made. A statistical analysis with contingency tables and a χ² test at 95% confidence level was used to determine differences in lambing concentration.
Micropropagación de Actinidia chinensis Pl. (kiwi). Comportamiento en vivero de plantas micropropagadas y su comparación con estacas enraizadas
Authors: Radice S. , Caso O. H.
Published: September 2024

Micropropagated plants of Actinidia chinensis Pl. with a height of about 5 cm, 2 expanded leaves, and 2-3 roots were successfully hardened by using a polyethylene tunnel in a glasshouse. The hardening was possible from September to January. The best results were obtained in November and December, with a recovery of 70.8% and 81.5%, respectively. The rooting of woody cuttings was achieved by treating them with a solution of IBA (1000 ppm for 24 h) and planting them under the same conditions to compare their growth with the micropropagated ones. Fresh and dry weights of roots and shoots were evaluated after 11 months of growth under nursery conditions. Micropropagated plants were between 11 to 14 times larger than those produced by the rooted cuttings.
La Eco-Fisiología vegetal, su estructura científica, sus alcances y sus proyecciones
Authors: Soriano A.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this presentation is to discuss some ideas on scientific structure and the scope and projections of Ecophysiology. The topic is approached by asking three questions: 1) Does Ecophysiology provide actual interdisciplinary integration? 2) What is the scope of Ecophysiology? and 3) To which aspects of scientific research and current problems is Ecophysiology related. The first question leads to another: What do workers in the field of Ecophysiology expect from it? Several possible answers are discussed: a) the possibility to reduce theories, b) a feedback of questions, information, methodology, etc., c) a better position to understand concepts such as adaptation, competition, stress, or disturbance, and d) an explicit framework to identify questions that deal with the functioning and behavior of individuals and their inter- and intra-specific relations. The scope of Ecophysiology is discussed in terms of the levels of organization, from the metabolic to the molecular one. An inventory of the objects of this science and of its links to some current scientific and practical problems is analyzed.
Morfogénesis vegetal. Una mini revisión
Authors: Montaldi Edgardo Raúl
Published: September 2024

The term Morphology, coined by Goethe (1790), refers to the oldest branch of botany, devoted to the analysis of shapes regardless of the causes which generate them. Sachs (1880), following the ideas of Bacon (1561-1626), applied the law of causality to descriptive morphology, and thus, Morphogenesis was born. Phytomorphogenesis has long been part of physiology, biochemistry, biophysics, and molecular biology. It is the science that deals with the causes and the origin of shapes. In a plant, shapes develop in gradual stages of perfectly ordered structural changes, which result in organization (epigenesis). The changes in design are programmed in the genome, but their expression is controlled by precise endogenous mechanisms and environmental signals. From the phenomenological point of view, axiality, polarity, differentiation, and correlations are all operative. Physiological development is concomitant with morphogenesis, and both result in the climax process of flowering. Correlation plays a fundamental role, as each cell receives information from all parts of the organism by means of chemical (hormones, nutrients) or physical signals (light, gravity). The differentiation of a new organ or tissue implies the expression of specific genes induced by the interaction of hormones, nutrients, or physical signals.
Atlas epidérmico de gramíneas del pastizal natural de la Provincia de San Luis, Argentina
Authors: Giuletti J . D. , Ateca N. S. , Funes M. O. , Furlán Z.
Published: September 2024

A descriptive study of the morphological features of the adaxial and abaxial foliar epidermis of twenty grass species found in the "Sandy grassland area with chañar (Geoffroea decorticans) groves" of San Luis Province, Argentina, is shown in an atlas. This is intended to serve for the microhistological identification of the botanical composition of the diet of both wild and domesticated herbivores. In the area, it has proved effective in dealing with cow, horse, hare, vizcacha, and pampas deer diets.
Análisis y comparación de epifitias de la viruela del maní según distintos sistemas de cultivo
Authors: Marinelli A. , March G. J. , Alcalde M. , Acquarone S.
Published: September 2024

The progress curves of peanut leaf spot, Cercospora arachidicola Hori and Cercosporidium personatum (Berk. & Curt.) Deighton, were studied in field crops for three growing seasons. The values of severity were logistically transformed. The initial disease (Y₀) was estimated by simple regression of the "logit" over time. The parameters used in this research were: a) initial disease; b) epiphytic rates; c) effects of fungicide applications; and d) total effect of disease measured as the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Usually, crop rotation showed lower values of initial disease (Y₀) and higher values of initial epiphytic rates (r₀). Generally, the latent period after the applications of flusilazole (systemic fungicide) was shorter than that when contact fungicides (fentin acetate, fentin hydroxide, and mancozeb) were used, and the effective period was longer.
Estimación de la radiación solar diaria para modelos ecofisiológicos de rendimientos
Authors: Ravelo Andrés C. , Zanvettor Roberto
Published: September 2024

A model to estimate daily solar radiation is calibrated for Córdoba, Río Cuarto, Marcos Juárez, Oliveros, Rafaela, and Paraná. The model estimates solar radiation using daily maximum and minimum temperatures and rainfall. The model parameters were estimated by statistical analysis of weather data for 1985 and 1986. The determination coefficients between observed and estimated daily solar radiation for the locations considered in the study varied between 0.73 and 0.82, and standard errors of estimates were lower than 83.4 Langleys per day.
Dormición en yemas de Prosopis chilensis (Mol.) St. Morfogénesis y niveles de ácido abscísico
Authors: Arguello J . A. , Milanesi E. , Pascualides A. L.
Published: September 2024

The aim of the present work was to study, within the framework of phenological modifications, the behavior of Prosopis chilensis buds during dormancy, and its relation to: a) peroxidase activity variations and ascorbic acid content as morphogenesis indicators; b) seasonal variations of abscisic acid. Both low temperature and photoperiod were related to dormancy of buds, with leaf fall at the end of this period. Evidence indicates that peroxidase activity had an important rise during winter and it was maintained for about 20 days. This finding suggests that during dormancy, early metabolic changes occur, probably related to leaf primordia differentiation. After that, ascorbic acid increased as meristem buds changed from a vegetative to a reproductive form. At the beginning of the winter dormancy, abscisic acid had relatively low values, but when this stage was over, an important rise was observed that could be related to leaf fall. Abscisic acid would not play an important role during dormancy of Prosopis chilensis buds, but it might act as an outbreak promoter, preceding it.
Sound-evoked pupil dilation quantifies misophonic symptoms
Authors: de Gee Jan Willem , Marmelstein Laia Alonso , Schwarz-Roman Kate , Rouw Romke
Published: September 2024

Misophonia is a debilitating disorder where seemingly innocuous sounds (often human made, such as chewing or throat clearing) evoke intense negative cognitive, emotional and physical 'fight-or-flight' responses. Recent studies reported alarmingly high prevalence across different countries and population characteristics, revealing an urgent need for a better understanding of this condition as well as improved measurement and diagnostic tools. Firstly, current misophonia symptom measurements rely on (subjective) self-reports, and different studies employ various diagnostic approaches and cut-off scores. There is an urgent need for a complementary (objective) psychophysiological measurement tool. Secondly, the role of 'mild' or 'moderate' symptoms are currently topic of debate: are they still manifestations of the misophonic disorder? Here, we employ pupillometry to map out arousal responses to misophonia trigger sounds. We show that (i) pupil dilation can reliably differentiate misophonic responses from responses to generally unpleasant sounds (such as nails on chalk board), (ii) the 'milder cases' of misophonia still show arousal responses characteristic of misophonia, and (iii) pupillometry can even be used to aid diagnosis in a single individual. We conclude that even mild misophonic responses can reliably, objectively and cost-effectively be indexed by pupil-linked arousal.
Vai trò của ngành công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông (ICT) trong nền kinh tế Việt Nam: Bằng chứng từ phân tích cân đối liên ngành (I.O) cập nhật năm 2016
Authors: Khuc Van Quy , Bui Gia , Bui Trinh
Published: September 2024

Thời gian gần đây, cụm từ Kinh tế số (Digital Economy) đã được các phương tiện truyền thông và thậm chí các nhà kinh tế nhắc đến như một từ thời thượng. Tuy nhiên, sự hiểu biết thực sự về lĩnh vực này như về cơ cấu, sự đóng góp và ảnh hưởng của kinh tế số vào tăng trưởng GDP vẫn còn nhiều hạn chế. Nghiên cứu này tập trung vào đánh giá tác động của nhóm ngành công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông (ICT) bao gồm sản xuất ICT và dịch vụ ICT đến một số nhóm ngành khác trong nền kinh tế. Cụ thể, nghiên cứu sử dụng phương pháp phân tích cân đối liên ngành I.O và bộ dữ liệu của 9 nhóm ngành được cập nhật đến năm 2016 để xác định tác động lan tỏa tổng quát, tác động tràn (spillover effects) của ICT, đóng góp của các nhân tố của cầu cuối cùng lan tỏa đến giá trị gia tăng của nền kinh tế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy tác động lan tỏa tổng quát của hai nhóm ngành sản xuất ICT và dịch vụ ICT đều thấp. Sản phẩm cuối cùng của sản xuất ICT lan tỏa ít đến sản xuất trong nước nhưng lan tỏa mạnh đến nhập khẩu. Điều này có nghĩa là sản xuất ICT của Việt Nam chủ yếu lan tỏa đến nhập khẩu và sản phẩm phụ trợ trong nước cho việc sản xuất ICT là tương đối yếu kém. Kết quả nghiên cứu gợi mở một số hàm ý chính sách vĩ mô quan trọng để tập trung phát triển ngành ICT và một số ngành có chỉ số tác động lan tỏa tốt để góp phần thúc đẩy tăng trưởng kinh tế Việt Nam trong thời gian đến.
Macroeconomic models for predicting indirect impacts of disasters: A review
Authors: Zhu Tinger , Avraam Charalampos , Baker Jack
Published: September 2024

Interdependencies between critical infrastructures and the economy amplify the effects of damage caused by disasters. The growing interest in impacts beyond physical damage has spurred a surge in literature on economic modeling methodologies for estimating indirect economic impacts of disasters. In this review, we propose a mathematical framework for categorizing modeling approaches that assess indirect economic impacts across natural hazards and anthropogenic disasters such as cyber attacks. We conduct a comparative analysis of macroeconomic models, focusing on the approaches capturing sectoral inter-dependencies. These include the Leontief Input-Output (I/O) model, the Inoperability Input-Output Model (IIM), the Dynamic Inoperability Input-Output Model (DIIM), the Adaptive Regional Input-Output (ARIO) model, and the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and its extensions. We evaluate their applicability to disaster scenarios based on input data availability, the compatibility of model assumptions, and output capabilities. We also reveal the functional relationships of input data and output metrics across economic modeling approaches for inter-sectoral impacts. Furthermore, we examine how the damage mechanisms posed by different types of disasters translate into model inputs and impact modeling processes.
A Majority of Americans Support Climate-Friendly Content in Entertainment
Authors: Tiwathia Anirudh , Watamanuk Ellis , Syropoulos Stylianos , Dodson Samira , Thulin Erik
Published: September 2024

In this investigation we examine whether US Adults believe that Hollywood should increase the visibility of climate solutions and climate-friendly behaviors in entertainment. In two well-powered studies (Study 1: N=1,199; Study 2: N=1,475), we find overwhelming support: 65-70% of Americans say that they want Hollywood to feature more climate-friendly actions in TV shows and movies in order to help fight climate change. Support is high for showcasing green energy, green jobs, low-carbon transport and electric vehicles, and for showing the impacts of climate change. However, we also find and replicate evidence of varying-levels of hesitation across respondents about the inclusion of content that features either plant-based meals or vegan/vegetarian characters. Despite the caveats about representations of plant-based diets, the data suggests that - despite polarization in many other domains - a large proportion of Americans are strongly supportive of the entertainment industry using its cultural power to grant greater visibility to both the impacts of climate change and the range of actions that we can take to mitigate and adapt.
Prediction and encoding are coupled, not competitive
Authors: Poskanzer Craig , Tarder-Stoll Hannah , Javid Raheema , Spolaore Edoardo , Aly Mariam
Published: September 2024

Forming new memories requires a focus on the external world; retrieving existing memories requires attention to our internal world. Computational models propose that the hippocampus plays a central role in resolving the tension between encoding and retrieval by alternating between states that prioritize one over the other. We tested two opposing hypotheses about whether encoding and retrieval states in the hippocampus are associated with a behavioral trade- off or behavioral coupling between encoding and retrieval, with retrieval operationalized as the use of existing memories to make predictions about the future. Across 3 Experiments (N = 197), participants viewed a series of scene categories that contained structure (e.g., beaches are followed by castles); this structure enabled memory retrieval to guide prediction. After structure learning, participants completed a simultaneous prediction and encoding task. They were shown trial-unique category exemplars and asked to make predictions about upcoming scene categories. Finally, they were given a surprise memory test for the trial-unique images. This allowed us to test whether there was competition vs. coupling between encoding of trial-unique images and prediction of upcoming images. We consistently observed coupling between encoding and prediction: accurate predictions were associated with better encoding, and factors that hurt prediction also hurt encoding. This coupling could not be explained by generic on- vs. off-task states. Together, these findings suggest that distinct encoding and retrieval states in the brain need not be associated with a tension between encoding and prediction in behavior; instead, these cognitive states may be cooperative rather than competitive.
The Impact of Training Optimism on College Students' Mental Health
Authors: Renani Hamid Yari , Saeidi - Zahra , Bayati Tahereh , Birashk - Behrooz , Hadadi Hanieh
Published: September 2024

AbstractObjective:The primary objective of this study was to determine whether optimism training could significantly alleviate symptoms of depression among university students. While the benefits of optimism have been extensively researched, there is a notable gap in the literature regarding the direct impact of optimism training on the mental health of college students. This study aims to address this gap by exploring optimism training as a novel intervention method to improve mental health within an academic setting.Methods:A quasi-experimental design was employed, featuring pre-test and post-test measurements. The study involved an experimental group that received optimism training and a control group that did not. The Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) was utilized as the primary tool for assessing symptoms of depression. Statistical analyses, including repeated measures ANOVA, were conducted to compare mean differences between the experimental and control groups across different study phases.Results:The results demonstrated that optimism training significantly reduced depression symptoms in the experimental group. The mean depression score in the experimental group decreased from 17.19 in the pre-test to 13.57 in the post-test, whereas no significant change was observed in the control group.Conclusion:The findings underscore the effectiveness of optimism training as a low-cost and accessible intervention to enhance mental health among university students. This approach suggests potential integration into university counseling services to support students' mental health.