bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aurora kinase A promotes trained immunity via regulation of endogenous S-adenosylmethionine metabolism
Authors: Li Mengyun , Jin Huan , Liu Yongxiang , Wang Zining , Li Lin , Wang Tiantian , Wang Xiaojuan , Zhang Hongxia , Huo Bitao , Yu Tiantian , Wang Shoujie , Zhao Wei , Liu Jinyun , Huang Peng , Cui Jun , Xia Xiaojun
Published: January 2025

Innate immune cells can acquire a memory phenotype, termed trained immunity, but the mechanism underlying the regulation of trained immunity remains largely elusive. Here, we demonstrate that inhibition of Aurora kinase A (AurA) dampens trained immunity induced by β-glucan. ATAC-seq and RNA-seq analysis reveals that AurA inhibition restricts chromatin accessibility of genes associated with inflammatory pathways such as JAK-STAT, TNF and NF-κB pathways. Specifically, AurA inhibition promotes nuclear localization of FOXO3 and the expression of glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT), a key enzyme responsible for adenosylmethionine (SAM) consumption. Metabolomic analysis confirms a reduction in SAM level upon AurA inhibition. As a result of SAM deficiency, trained mouse macrophages exhibit decreased H3K4me3 and H3K36me3 enrichment on gene regions of
Il6 and Tnfα
. Additionally, the tumor inhibition effect of β-glucan is notably abolished by AurA inhibition. Together, our findings identify an essential role of AurA in regulating trained immunity via a methylation-dependent manner by maintaining endogenous SAM level through mTOR-FOXO3-GNMT axis.
Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) genome provides new insights into convergent evolution of caffeine biosynthesis
Authors: Vignale Federico A , Hernandez Garcia Andrea , Modenutti Carlos P , Sosa Ezequiel J , Defelipe Lucas A , Oliveira Renato , Nunes Gisele L , Acevedo Raúl M , Burguener German F , Rossi Sebastian M , Zapata Pedro D , Marti Dardo A , Sansberro Pedro , Oliveira Guilherme , Catania Emily M , Smith Madeline N , Dubs Nicole M , Nair Satish , Barkman Todd J , Turjanski Adrian G
Published: January 2025

Yerba mate (YM, Ilex paraguariensis) is an economically important crop marketed for the elaboration of mate, the third-most widely consumed caffeine-containing infusion worldwide. Here, we report the first genome assembly of this species, which has a total length of 1.06 Gb and contains 53,390 protein-coding genes. Comparative analyses revealed that the large YM genome size is partly due to a whole-genome duplication (Ip-α) during the early evolutionary history of Ilex, in addition to the hexaploidization event (γ) shared by core eudicots. Characterization of the genome allowed us to clone the genes encoding methyltransferase enzymes that catalyse multiple reactions required for caffeine production. To our surprise, this species has converged upon a different biochemical pathway compared to that of coffee and tea. In order to gain insight into the structural basis for the convergent enzyme activities, we obtained a crystal structure for the terminal enzyme in the pathway that forms caffeine. The structure reveals that convergent solutions have evolved for substrate positioning because different amino acid residues facilitate a different substrate orientation such that efficient methylation occurs in the independently evolved enzymes in YM and coffee. While our results show phylogenomic constraint limits the genes coopted for convergence of caffeine biosynthesis, the X-ray diffraction data suggest structural constraints are minimal for the convergent evolution of individual reactions.
Dilated cardiomyopathy-associated RNA Binding Motif Protein 20 regulates long pre-mRNAs in neurons
Authors: Di Bartolomei Giulia , Ortiz Raul , Schreiner Dietmar , Falkner Susanne , Creemers Esther E , Scheiffele Peter
Published: January 2025

Precise coordination of molecular programs and neuronal growth govern the formation, maintenance, and adaptation of neuronal circuits. RNA metabolism has emerged as a key regulatory node of neural development and nervous system pathologies. To uncover cell-type-specific RNA regulators, we systematically investigated expression of RNA recognition motif-containing proteins in the mouse neocortex. Surprisingly, we found RBM20, an alternative splicing regulator associated with dilated cardiomyopathy, to be expressed in cortical parvalbumin interneurons and mitral cells of the olfactory bulb. Genome-wide mapping of RBM20 target mRNAs revealed that neuronal RBM20 binds pre-mRNAs in distal intronic regions. Loss of neuronal RBM20 has only modest impact on alternative splice isoforms but results in a significant reduction in an array of mature mRNAs in the neuronal cytoplasm. This phenotype is particularly pronounced for genes with long introns that encode synaptic proteins. We hypothesize that RBM20 ensures fidelity of pre-mRNA splicing by suppressing non-productive splicing events in long neuronal genes. This work highlights a common requirement for RBM20-dependent transcriptome regulation in cardiomyocytes and neurons and demonstrates that a major genetic risk factor of heart disease impacts neuronal gene expression.
Not so local: the population genetics of convergent adaptation in maize and teosinte
Authors: Tittes Silas , Lorant Anne , McGinty Sean , Holland James B , de Jesus Sánchez-González Jose , Seetharam Arun , Tenaillon Maud , Ross-Ibarra Jeffrey
Published: January 2025

What is the genetic architecture of local adaptation and what is the geographic scale over which it operates? We investigated patterns of local and convergent adaptation in five sympatric population pairs of traditionally cultivated maize and its wild relative teosinte (
Zea mays
subsp.
parviglumis
). We found that signatures of local adaptation based on the inference of adaptive fixations and selective sweeps are frequently exclusive to individual populations, more so in teosinte compared to maize. However, for both maize and teosinte, selective sweeps are also frequently shared by several populations, and often between subspecies. We were further able to infer that selective sweeps were shared among populations most often via migration, though sharing via standing variation was also common. Our analyses suggest that teosinte has been a continued source of beneficial alleles for maize, even after domestication, and that maize populations have facilitated adaptation in teosinte by moving beneficial alleles across the landscape. Taken together, our results suggest local adaptation in maize and teosinte has an intermediate geographic scale, one that is larger than individual populations but smaller than the species range.
Niche-related processes explain phylogenetic structure of acoustic bird communities in Mexico
Authors: Morán-Titla Christian D. , García-Chávez Juan-Hector , Lopez-Toledo Leonel , González Clementina
Published: January 2025

Acoustic communities are acoustically active species aggregations within a habitat, where vocal interactions between species can interfere their communication. The acoustic adaptation hypothesis (AAH) explains how the habitat favors the transmission of acoustic signals. To understand how bird acoustic communities are structured, we tested the effect of habitat structure on the phylogenetic structure, and on the phylogenetic and vocal diversity of acoustic communities in a semi-arid zone of Mexico. From autonomous recordings in three types of vegetation (crop fields, tetecheras, and mesquiteras), which differ in terms of complexity and canopy openness, we evaluated sound attenuation, and estimated metrics of phylogenetic structure and diversity as well as acoustic diversity with the use of two indices. Mesquiteras showed greater vegetation density, more attenuation, more vocal diversity, as well as a phylogenetic structure that tended towards overdispersion, in contrast to crop fields that showed less vegetation density, less attenuation, less vocal diversity and more phylogenetic relatedness, while tetecheras showed intermediate patterns. Phylogenetic structure was explained by vegetation density and excess attenuation. The higher vocal diversity, phylogenetic structure tended towards overdispersion. These results suggest a role for environmental filters in the crop fields, where more closely related species with similar vocal characteristics coexist (supporting AAH), and probably competitive exclusion in the mesquiteras, where more distantly related species coexist, promoting vocal diversity. This study offers information about the influence of habitat on the acoustic community structure, which could inform our understanding of the distribution of species from acoustic perspective.
Resiliencia en crisis: el potencial adaptativo del humedal ante la vulnerabilidad socioterritorial en zonas de riesgo costero. El caso del Humedal Estero El Sauce (Chile)
Authors: Sánchez Morales María Paz , Rivadeneira Barrios Enrique
Published: January 2025

El presente estudio analiza cómo las características geográficas, ecológicas, geomorfológicas e hidrográficas de los humedales pueden aportar a la mitigación del riesgo en territorios vulnerables a desastres naturales. Su capacidad adaptativa puede fortalecer la resiliencia frente a desastres costeros cada vez más frecuentes, representando una amenaza creciente para las comunidades locales. Como ejemplo, se presenta el caso del Estero El Sauce, en Laguna Verde, Valparaíso, donde se evidencian estas dinámicas. Enfatizando la importancia de protegerlo y conservarlo, se adopta un enfoque metodológico mixto: se realiza un estudio cuantitativo basado en la Carta de Inundación por Tsunami (CITSU), datos del Censo 2017 y Microdatos de Manzanas Indeterminadas del Instituto Nacional de Estadísticas, con la aplicación del método PTVA-3 a las edificaciones en la zona de inundación. También se incorpora la perspectiva de la población residente a través de una encuesta que recoge sus percepciones sobre los daños ocasionados por desastres costeros. Los resultados destacan la importancia crítica de proteger y conservar los humedales, como componentes fundamentales en las estrategias de reducción de riesgo de desastres costeros.
La Convergencia Necesaria entre las Neurociencias y la Psicología
Authors: Azcoaga Juan Enrique
Published: January 2025

Se reseña, críticamente, la enseñanza de la Psicología en universidades latinoamericanas y la importancia de las Neurociencias en la tarea de revitalizarla. La Neurología del siglo XIX había quedado anclada, con escasas excepciones, en la atribución de funciones específicas a diferentes zonas de la corteza cerebral. El aporte de Vigotsky, en su concepción de los sistemas funcionales complejos, anticipó la forma en que la información del entorno socio-cultural se organiza y estabiliza, dinámica y flexiblemente, en el cerebro humano. Desde la mitad del siglo XX, la introducción de técnicas derivadas, unas de la electroencefalografía y otras del metabolismo cerebral, confirman el modo de trabajo cerebral, como lo anticiparon Vigotsky y Luria. Se destaca la urgencia de renovar el estudio de la Psicología, no sólo con las Neurociencias, sino un espíritu indagador y creativo, fundado en las mejores tradiciones del método científico.
Estudio sobre validez de discriminación de un conjunto de instrumentos destinados a la evaluación de características de efectividad de establecimientos educacionales
Authors: Cox Juan Cristóbal , Arancibia Violeta
Published: January 2025

La búsqueda de la calidad y equidad en la educación, así como la descentralización pedagógica y administrativa, han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de contar con mecanismos de evaluación de las características y procesos peculiares del quehacer educativo de cada escuela. El presente estudio analiza el proceso de validación de la capacidad de discriminación entre escuelas efectivas y no efectivas de los indicadores proporcionados por los "Cuestionarios de evaluación de características de efectividad de establecimientos educacionales" (Arancibia, Cox, Saragoni, Solis y Strasser, 1998 ). Los resultados confirman la capacidad de discriminación de 9 de los 11 indicadores del cuestionario destinado a los padres y de 6 de los 15 indicadores del cuestionario dirigido a los docentes
Collapsing Pattern Class-IV Lupus Nephritis Presenting as Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome and Cardiac Tamponade: A Rare COVID-19 Sequelae
Authors: Reddy K Harshitha , Kashiv Pranjal , Kumar Sunil , Acharya Sourya , Sejpal Kapil Navin
Published: January 2025

One of the most detrimental and severe presentations of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is Lupus Nephritis (LN), which is a type of glomerulonephritis. Type-IV Lupus Nephritis, or diffuse Lupus Nephritis, is a severe illness characterised by diffuse proliferative lesions. In this setting, the prognosis worsens if cellular crescent is present. It is divided into two types: diffuse segmental and the other being diffuse global. Wire-loop lesions could also be observed. There have been reports of Collapsing Glomerulopathy (CG) in SLE patients with Focal Segmental Glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). The collapsing variety of FSGS (cFSGS) is defined histopathologically by segmental or global glomerular capillary condensation and obliteration, the appearance of hyperplastic and hypertrophic podocytes, and substantial tubulointerstitial damage. Numerous aetiologies have been proposed, including viral infections such as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus, and Parvovirus B19, as well as medications and acute ischaemia. Patients infected with Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) have an increased risk of acute renal injury as there is a systemic inflammatory cascade due to an acute infection, causing impairment of basic cellular activities in podocytes. Hereby, the authors present a case report of a 17-year-old female who experienced cardiac tamponade and seizures due to Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES). Further investigation and kidney biopsy revealed she had lupus nephritis Stage-IV Diffuse Proliferative Glomerulonephritis (DPGN) but with the collapsing variety, which is a rare finding. Additionally, the patient tested positive for COVID-19, which may have contributed to the development of the collapsing type of DPGN.
Improving Productivity of Semi Dry Rice Through Field Demonstrations in Ramanathapuram District, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Ganapathy S. , Sabastian Shibi , Jayakumar J. , Arunachalam P.
Published: January 2025

Field demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s field under semi dry rice cultivation in direct sowing by seed drill with short duration drought tolerant rice variety RMD 1. A total of 155 field demonstrations were conducted at farmer’s fields by ICAR, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Ramanathapuram, Tamil Nadu. The selected farmers were trained for improved production technologies through training programmes organized by this Krishi Vigyan Kendra. Local variety with their indigenous cultivation practices was considered as farmer’s practice (control). The yield and economics of field demonstrations were compared with farmer’s practices. An average yield of 5,001 kg.ha-1 was recorded from RMD 1 demonstrations which showed 10.25 % increase over the farmers practice (4535 kg.ha-1). Farmers have obtained additional revenue of Rs. 14,300 ha-1 from semi dry rice field demonstrations with short duration rice variety, which may motivate the farmers to adopt this intervention in this district with the improved rice production technologies. The field demonstration on new varietal introduction effectively influenced the attitudes, skill and knowledge related to improved practices in rice cultivation, fostering adoption. It also enhances the relationship between farmers and scientists.
Optimization of Distribution Transformer Design for Harmonic Resilience using a Taguchi-FEM Approach
Authors: Yusuf Samson Dauda , Abdulhamid Aminu Alhaji , Kwaha Barnabas John
Published: January 2025

The Nigeria's low-voltage distribution transformers suffer from significant harmonic issues leading to catastrophic failures. Existing strategies to address harmonics have overlooked transformer inherent parameter design optimizations. This study presents the optimization of a 30 kVA transformer, focusing on enhancing efficiency and minimizing harmonic susceptibility for low-voltage distribution systems in Nigeria. Utilizing a combined Taguchi-FEM approach, result shows that key design parameters were optimized with core area (0.773 m²), material (Amorphous Steel), core design (Six-Stepped Core), and flux density (1.354T), resulting in a 27% reduction in energy losses. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) revealed that the optimized transformer exhibited a core saturation of 19.2%, significantly lower than the baseline's 42%, and demonstrated reduced energy density near the core-winding interface. Experimental validation through Open Circuit (OC) and Short Circuit (SC) tests confirmed a notable improvement in efficiency, with the optimized transformer achieving 97.15% efficiency at full load, compared to 95.5% for the baseline transformer. Core losses were reduced to 85W, and copper losses decreased to 800W. Also, the findings revealed a significant reduction in Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) from 16.78% in the baseline design to 4.12% in the optimized configuration. The findings align with international standards (IEC 60076-8). Optimizing core materials and stepped core design with advanced modeling can enhance reliability and reduce harmonic impacts. This study’s outcomes have potential promise on stable transformer operation, harmonic mitigation and reduced losses, enhanced reliability, and overall power systems stability; as well as the potential promise in terms of overall power systems cost savings and energy efficiency. Therefore, integrated optimization approaches, incorporating Taguchi-FEM and experimental techniques, can effectively enhance transformer performance, paving the way for broader applications in the field.
Comparison of Some Optimizers in Long Short-Term Memory Networks with an Application to Tigris River Water Imports
Authors: Ayyed Nadia Ali , Al-Sinjary Adnan Mostafa
Published: January 2025

The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) RNN architecture was developed to overcome the limitations of traditional RNNs in recognizing long-term dependencies in sequential input. LSTM networks and other neural network topologies rely heavily on optimizers for training. Every iteration of a gradient-based algorithm attempts to approach the minimizer/maximizer cost function by using the gradient's objective function information. Moreover, a comparative analysis of a number of optimizers is presented in this work, including FTRL, Nadam, Adagrad, Adadelta, SGD, RMSprop, and Adagrad. By directly affecting the objective function's convergence, the study emphasizes the crucial role optimizers play in improving gradient descent efficiency. This work fills a gap in the literature on choosing the best optimizers for time-series data by concentrating on water import statistics for the Tigris River. The results offer insightful information about how to choose optimizers wisely to reduce time complexity and increase accuracy. The results of the study show that these optimizers' performance is generally comparable when compared using the root mean square error (RMSE) criterion based on water data. However, Nadam produces RMSE values at 500 epochs that are lower than those of the other methods.
Family Income and Marriage Celebration Costs in Kinondoni District in Dar ES Salaam Region, Tanzania
Authors: Kawiche Luther I.
Published: January 2025

This study examined family income and marriage celebrations costs in Kinondoni District in Dar es Salaam region. The increasing rates of marriage celebration costs and family income has an impact on the development initiatives and this is a challenge to the growing generation because this money is used for celebrations. The main objective of the study was to examine the relationship between family income and marriage celebrations. The factors which influence marriage celebrations in Dar es Salaam and the country as a whole include income, occupation, education, place of residence and wealthy status of the family. The study was carried out using a sample survey of men and women aged between 20-49 years, of about 205 respondents were sampled from six wards in Kinondoni district and data was collected using structured questionnaire and observation. This research used a descriptive research design. The data was analysed through several ways: tables and cross tabulation, chi square analysis as well as graphs have been employed. The findings, of the study show that the number of marriage ceremonies and related costs are increasing despite the low income levels facing the households. Ages at first marriage, income, education, occupation, religion and place of residence were found to have statistically significant association on the marriage and marriage contributions. From these findings the study suggest that development issues should be given priority than marriage ceremonies. There is a need also raise the age at first marriage and education to women.
Revealing the Utilization of Pragma-dialectics and Fallacies in BongBong Marcos Supporters' Facebook Argumentations
Authors: Largado Cyra Godessa , Arranguez Ma. Saine , Cahumna Yacint , Minoza Joemar Turno
Published: January 2025

In this modern era, most transactions occur online, including the management of disputes. However, argumentation in the context of social media is rarely articulated in detail. Intuitively, people may recognize flaws in argumentation but may not be entirely certain about them. Hence, this research evaluates the reasonableness and effectiveness of online argumentation, particularly among Bongbong Marcos' supporters, as significant opposition exists due to his 2022 Philippine presidential candidacy. One example analyzed is De La Salle University's written unity statement posted on their Facebook page. Discourse analysis was employed to examine the data. Results show that Bongbong Marcos' supporters in the argumentative activity are not strategic in constructing their standpoint, as they distort critical discussion stages and commit fallacious arguments, failing to attain crucial stages of the evaluation process. Thus, Bongbong Marcos' supporters are not strategic in their arguments.
Personal Branding Strategy in LinkedIn Profile Summary: A Rhetorical Move Analysis
Authors: Nursani Asyipa , Hardjanto Tofan Dwi
Published: January 2025

Today, LinkedIn is a business-focused social media platform widely preferred for professional networking. The discourse produced in a LinkedIn profile summary can significantly enhance one's personal branding. This study examines the personal branding strategies embedded in the move structure of LinkedIn profile summaries. A genre analysis approach elaborated with the components of personal branding, provides insights into the creation of an effective profile summary. The results of this study show that the self-strength component is a mandatory element in a profile summary. Strengths can be highlighted by presenting experience, skills, educational background, and position. Additionally, there are optional components that can further enhance personal branding, such as presenting achievements, goals, and unique qualities. These findings serve as a reference for LinkedIn users in developing a stronger personal brand through the creation of an effective and efficient profile summary.
Association of Bipolar Disorder Diagnosis With Suicide Mortality Rates in Adolescents in Sweden
Authors: Andersson Peter , Jokinen Jussi , Jarbin Håkan , Lundberg Johan , Desai Boström Adrian E.
Published: May 2023

Importance

The association of early diagnosis and management of bipolar disorder with adolescent suicide mortality (ASM) is unknown.

Objective

To assess regional associations between ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study investigated the association between annual regional ASM and bipolar disorder diagnosis rates in Swedish adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in January 1, 2008, through December 31, 2021. Aggregated data without exclusions reported at the regional level encompassed 585 suicide deaths, constituting 588 unique observations (ie, 21 regions, 14 years, 2 sexes).

Exposures

Bipolar disorder diagnosis frequencies and lithium dispensation rates were designated as fixed-effects variables (interaction term in the case of males). An interaction term between psychiatric care affiliation rates and the proportion of psychiatric visits to inpatient and outpatient clinics constituted independent fixed-effects variables. Region and year comprised random intercept effect modifiers. Variables were population adjusted and corrected for heterogeneity in reporting standards.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were sex-stratified, regional, and annual ASM rates in adolescents aged 15 to 19 years per 100 000 inhabitants as analyzed using generalized linear mixed-effects models.

Results

Female adolescents were diagnosed with bipolar disorder almost 3 times more often than male adolescents (mean [SD], 149.0 [19.6] vs 55.3 [6.1] per 100 000 inhabitants, respectively). Median regional prevalence rates of bipolar disorder varied over the national median by a factor of 0.46 to 2.61 and 0.00 to 1.82 in females and males, respectively. Bipolar disorder diagnosis rates were inversely associated with male ASM (β = −0.00429; SE, 0.002; 95% CI, −0.0081 to −0.0004; P = .03) independent of lithium treatment and psychiatric care affiliation rates. This association was replicated by β-binomial models of a dichotomized quartile 4 ASM variable (odds ratio, 0.630; 95% CI, 0.457-0.869; P = .005), and both models were robust after adjusting for annual regional diagnosis rates of major depressive disorder and schizophrenia. No such association was observed in females.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, lower suicide death rates in adolescent males was robustly associated with regional diagnosis rates of bipolar disorder at an estimated magnitude of approximately 4.7% of the mean national suicide death rate. The associations could be due to treatment efficacy, early diagnosis and management, or other factors not accounted for.
Trends in Illicit Ketamine Seizures in the US From 2017 to 2022
Authors: Palamar Joseph J. , Wilkinson Samuel T. , Carr Thomas H. , Rutherford Caroline , Cottler Linda B.
Published: May 2023

This cross-sectional study evaluates trends in the number and weight of illicit ketamine seizures in the US from 2017 to 2022.
Prevalence of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs Prescribed for Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Observational Studies
Authors: Yang Zijing , Mathieson Stephanie , Kobayashi Sarah , Abdel Shaheed Christina , Nogueira Leandro Alberto Calazans , Simic Milena , Machado Gustavo , McLachlan Andrew J.
Published: May 2023

Objective

Our systematic review aimed to investigate the proportion of participants with osteoarthritis who were prescribed nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by their health care provider.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for observational studies reporting NSAID prescribing to participants with diagnosed osteoarthritis of any region. Risk of bias was assessed using a tool designed for observational studies measuring prevalence. Random and fixed‐effects meta‐analysis was used. Meta‐regression investigated study‐level factors associated with prescribing. The overall evidence quality was assessed using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria.

Results

Fifty‐one studies were included, published between 1989 and 2022, with 6,494,509 participants. The mean age of participants was 64.7 years (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 62.4, 67.0; n = 34 studies). Most studies were from Europe and Central Asia (n = 23 studies), and North America (n = 12 studies). Most studies were judged to be at low risk of bias (75%). Heterogeneity was eliminated when removing studies with a high risk of bias, to give a pooled estimate of NSAIDs prescribing to participants with osteoarthritis of 43.8% (95% CI 36.8, 51.1; moderate quality of evidence). Meta‐regression determined that prescribing was associated with year (decreased prescribing over time; P = 0.05) and geographic region (P = 0.03; higher in Europe and Central Asia and in South Asia than in North America) but not with clinical setting.

Conclusion

Data from over 6.4 million participants with osteoarthritis between 1989 and 2022 indicate that NSAID prescribing has decreased over time and that prescribing differs between geographic locations.

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3D Printing of Multifunctional Conductive Polymer Composite Hydrogels
Authors: Liu Ji , Garcia James , Leahy Liam M. , Song Rijian , Mullarkey Daragh , Fei Ban , Dervan Adrian , Shvets Igor V. , Stamenov Plamen , Wang Wenxin , O'Brien Fergal J. , Coleman Jonathan N. , Nicolosi Valeria
Published: May 2023

Functional conductive hydrogels are widely used in various application scenarios, such as artificial skin, cell scaffolds, and implantable bioelectronics. However, their novel designs and technological innovations are severely hampered by traditional manufacturing approaches. Direct ink writing (DIW) is considered a viable industrial‐production 3D‐printing technology for the custom production of hydrogels according to the intended applications. Unfortunately, creating functional conductive hydrogels by DIW has long been plagued by complicated ink formulation and printing processes. In this study, a highly 3D printable poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS)‐based ink made from fully commercially accessible raw materials is demonstrated. It is shown that complex structures can be directly printed with this ink and then precisely converted into high‐performance hydrogels via a post‐printing freeze–thawing treatment. The 3D‐printed hydrogel exhibits high electrical conductivity of ≈2000 S m−1, outstanding elasticity, high stability and durability in water, electromagnetic interference shielding, and sensing capabilities. Moreover, the hydrogel is biocompatible, showing great potential for implantable and tissue engineering applications. With significant advantages, the fabrication strategy is expected to open up a new route to create multifunctional hydrogels with custom features, and can bring new opportunities to broaden the applications of hydrogel materials.
Na‐Sm Bimetallic Regulation and Band Structure Engineering in CaBi2Nb2O9 to Enhance Piezo‐photo‐catalytic Performance
Authors: Liu Qiong , Zhan Faqi , Luo Hang , Luo Xiaogang , Yi Qiuyan , Sun Qiwei , Xiao Zhida , Zhang Yan , Zhang Dou , Bowen Chris R.
Published: May 2023

The piezoelectric enhancement of photo‐catalytic activity for water splitting and pollutant degradation is a novel approach to developing renewable energy and environmental protection applications. Herein, a new form of defect engineered Na‐Sm bimetallic‐regulated CaBi2Nb2O9 platelet is synthesized via a molten salt process for water splitting and pollutant degradation applications. An intermediate band structure is introduced by Sm‐doping, and empty orbitals in the conductive band are introduced by Na‐doping. These factors, combined with the increased local charge density around the Sm and Na atoms, result in an increased electrical conductivity, improved electron mobility, and provide additional electrons for enhancing catalytic reactions. As a consequence, the judicious co‐doping of CaBi2Nb2O9 with Sm and Na leads to a unique synergetic piezo‐photo‐electric effect to provide a superior piezo‐photo‐catalytic performance for H2 production (158.53 µmol g−1 h−1) and pollutant degradation (rate constant, k = 0.257 min−1). This new approach provides important insights into the application of defect engineering to exploit the cooperative doping of alkaline earth metals and rare metals to create high‐performance catalysts.
Spatiotemporally Responsive Hydrogel Dressing with Self‐Adaptive Antibacterial Activity and Cell Compatibility for Wound Sealing and Healing
Authors: Zhong Wei , Hu Rongjian , Zhou Shuai , Xu Jianhua , Wang Kaiyuan , Yao Bowen , Xiong Ranhua , Fu Jiajun
Published: May 2023

Adhesive hydrogels containing quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties have shown attractive advantages in treatment for acute wounds, attributed to their high performances in wound sealing and sterilization. However, the introduction of QAS commonly leads to high cytotoxicity and adhesive deterioration. Herein, aimed to solve these two issues, a self‐adaptive dressing with delicate spatiotemporal responsiveness is developed by employing cellulose sulfate (CS) as dynamic layers to coat QAS‐based hydrogel. In detail, due to the acid environment of wound in the early stages of healing, the CS coating will quickly detach to expose the active QAS groups for maximum disinfectant efficacy; meanwhile, as the wound gradually heals and recovers to a neutral pH, the CS will remain stable to keep QAS screened, realizing a high cell growth‐promoting activity for epithelium regeneration. Additionally, attributed to the synergy of temporary hydrophobicity by CS and slow water absorption kinetics of the hydrogel, the resultant dressing possesses outstanding wound sealing and hemostasis performance. At last, this work anticipates this approach to intelligent wound dressings based on dynamic and responsive intermolecular interaction can also be applied to a wide range of self‐adaptive biomedical materials employing different chemistries for applications in medical therapy and health monitoring.
3D/4D Printing of Polyurethanes by Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Mauriello Jessica , Maury Romain , Guillaneuf Yohann , Gigmes Didier
Published: May 2023

Vat photopolymerization relies on the light‐induced polymerization of liquid photopolymer to produce the targeted structure. Among all the polymers prepared by vat photopolymerization, due to their numerous properties polyurethanes have recently gained great attention in the industrial and academic fields. In this review article, recent progress in printing techniques, resin compositions, and applications related to 3D/4D printing by vat photopolymerization of polyurethanes are highlighted.
Chemical Design of Organic Interface Modifiers for Highly Efficient and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Kim Seul‐Gi , Zhu Kai
Published: May 2023

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have demonstrated rapid progress in their power conversion efficiencies (PCEs)—from 3.8% in 2009 to 25.7% in 2022—and they have received considerable attention as a promising future photovoltaic (PV) technology. However, the operational stability of PSCs is still inadequate to satisfy the standards for commercial applications. Interface engineering has become one of the most important strategies to push PSCs’ efficiency and stability for practical use. Among the various interface engineering approaches, organic interface modifiers (OIMs) have been frequently used by the PSC field to address the issues limiting PSC stability at high efficiency levels. In this perspective, the chemical structures of state‐of‐the‐art OIMs are discussed, and their characteristics are reviewed, as well as the impact on device performance associated with key device interfaces (e.g., metal oxide/perovskite and organic transport layer/perovskite interfaces) from a chemical and materials engineering point of view is discussed. Design considerations and the authors' perspective are discussed, on the basis of representative literature examples, for building new, customized organic OIMs to further improve PSC efficiency and stability toward commercialization.
Strain‐Induced Distortions Modulate the Optoelectronic Properties of Epitaxial BiVO4 Films
Authors: Fernandez Erwin N. , Grave Daniel A. , van de Krol Roel , Abdi Fatwa F.
Published: May 2023

Transition metal oxide (TMO) photoabsorbers are expected to play an important role in the development of renewable solar‐to‐fuel devices. Modest efficiencies have been demonstrated with devices based on TMO photoabsorbers, and further progress will likely rely on material property control beyond conventional bulk chemistry or nanostructuring strategies. To this end, model TMO photoabsorbers such as single crystalline monoclinic bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) are beneficial to advance the understanding of structure‐functionality relationships with minimal convoluted effects inherent in polycrystalline systems. Here, the authors reveal for the first time the effects of strain modulation strategies on the optoelectronic properties of epitaxial BiVO4 films synthesized by alternate‐target layer‐by‐layer pulsed laser deposition. Through a combination of high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction methods and optical and photoluminescence spectroscopies, the correlation between anisotropic, uniaxial strain‐driven bandgap widening and deviatoric strains associated with volume‐preserving lattice distortions is established. Broad polaronic photoluminescence signals are detected in epitaxial BiVO4, and its redshift is attributed to the structural distortion in BiO8 dodecahedra. Overall, the relationship between the structural and optoelectronic properties revealed in this study suggests that strain modulation and engineering of local distortion in complex transition metal oxides may be exploited as a viable strategy for the development of efficient photoabsorbers.
Near‐Room‐Temperature Thermoelectric Performance Enhancement Via Phonon Spectra Mismatch in Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Material by Incorporating Multi‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Liang Zhongxin , Xu Congcong , Shang Hongjing , Ning Minghui , Tong Tian , Song Shaowei , Ren Wuyang , Shi Xin , Liu Xiu , Ding Fazhu , Bao Jiming , Wang Dezhi , Ren Zhifeng
Published: May 2023

Although a high figure of merit (zT) over a wide range of temperatures has been shown in n‐type Zintl Mg3(Sb, Bi)2, further improvement of its near‐room‐temperature performance is still required to promote its application in next‐generation thermoelectric coolers and power generators. Here, a novel strategy of phonon spectra mismatch for enhancing the thermoelectric performance of Mg3(Sb, Bi)2 is reported by incorporating multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT). The introduction of very small amounts of MWCNT generates a large interfacial thermal resistance and thus significantly reduces the lattice thermal conductivity of the resulting composites, while maintaining a high power factor. As a result, a zT of ≈1.5 at 573 K and an average zT of 1.14 between 323 and 573 K can be achieved in the 0.5 wt% MWCNT composite. Moreover, a high conversion efficiency of ≈8.1% under a temperature difference of 283 K is realized in a resulting single‐leg device, making it a promising candidate material for low‐grade heat recovery. This study provides not only a material with a high near‐room‐temperature zT but also a unique insight into the design of high‐performance thermoelectric materials via compositing to exploit the large difference in phonon spectra between the components of the composite.
Physical activity interventions in older adults with a cognitive impairment: A critical review of reviews
Authors: de Rondão Catarina Alexandra , Mota Maria Paula , Esteves Dulce
Published: May 2023

This critical review explores the review material on physical activity combined with cognitive stimulation interventions in older adults with cognitive impairment and/or dementia. A critical, systematic, review of the review method was used, considering four electronic databases: WEB OF SCIENCE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and the COCHRANE ELECTRONIC LIBRARY. The search terms “exercise,” “physical activity,” “cognitive impairment,” “dementia,” and “systematic review” were used. All available reviews were marked against predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. There were 32 reviews that met the inclusion criteria. A combination of various types of training and aerobic exercises were the most frequently reported interventions; meanwhile, dual task training programs (combining physical exercise with cognitive stimulation), functional training programs along with exercises combination, aerobic exercise as well as strength, stretching, or balance workouts were also reported. The evidence is compelling; exercise can improve physical health by ensuring cognitive, psychological, and behavioral benefits. Overall, exercise can improve the physical and mental health of people living with dementia: there is sufficient evidence to recommend multimodal exercise.
Robotic‐assisted colectomy for right‐sided colon cancer: Short‐term surgical outcomes of a multi‐institutional prospective cohort study in Japan
Authors: Yamauchi Shinichi , Shiomi Akio , Matsuda Chu , Takemasa Ichiro , Hanai Tsunekazu , Uemura Mamoru , Kinugasa Yusuke
Published: May 2023

Background

In Japan, there are no substantial reports on robotic‐assisted colectomy because few institutions performed the procedure, as it was not covered by national insurance until March 2022.

Aim

This study aimed to evaluate the safety and feasibility of robotic‐assisted colectomy for patients with curatively resectable colon cancer in Japan.

Methods

This multi‐institutional, prospective, single‐arm, observational study enrolled patients diagnosed with curatively resectable clinical stage I–IIIC colon adenocarcinoma with D2 or D3 lymph node dissection and treated with robotic‐assisted colectomy. The primary endpoint was the conversion rate to laparotomy. The non‐inferiority of outcomes for robotic‐assisted colectomy versus laparoscopic colectomy, which was determined from historical data, was verified.

Results

One hundred patients were registered between July 2019 and March 2022 and underwent robotic‐assisted colectomy performed by seven expert surgeons at six institutions. Thirteen patients were excluded because their surgeons had insufficient experience performing robotic‐assisted colectomy; therefore, 87 patients were eligible for the primary endpoint analysis. There was no conversion in these 87 patients, and robotic‐assisted colectomy was non‐inferior to laparoscopic colectomy in terms of conversion rate (90% confidence interval 0–3.38, p = 0.0006). No intraoperative adverse events occurred, and no mortality was observed in a total of 100 patients. The rate of patients with Clavien–Dindo complications grade III or higher was 4%.

Conclusion

This study showed the non‐inferiority of the conversion rates between robotic‐assisted colectomy and laparoscopic colectomy. Favorable perioperative outcomes also suggest the safety and feasibility of robotic‐assisted colectomy.
Associations of self‐perceived and objective BMI and adiposity status among adolescents from Kraków (Poland)
Authors: Badzińska Julia , Żegleń Magdalena , Kryst Łukasz
Published: May 2023

Objectives

The study aimed to determine the association of self‐perceived and objective BMI and adiposity status among adolescents from Kraków (Poland).

Methods

The study was carried out in 2022, in randomly selected schools in Kraków (Poland). The study group consisted of 93 individuals (47 girls and 46 boys) aged 11–15. Anthropometric characteristics included body height, body weight and body fat percentage (%BF), measured by bioimpedance method (BIA). Body Mass Index (BMI) was calculated. Self‐perceived body weight/adiposity status was obtained using a question extracted from the Polish version of the Health Behavior in School‐Aged Children (HBSC).

Results

The results of the current study provide evidence that girls who were dissatisfied with their bodies thought they were too fat, while boys, on the contrary, thought they were too thin. Trends in this regard begin to appear in girls around the age of 11, while in boys at around 12/13.

Conclusion

It is worth noting that the dissatisfaction of the examined children with their physique coincided with the onset of puberty. As some children begin puberty earlier than others, making them stand out from their peers. They begin to give more attention to their bodies and compare them with the physiques of others. Additionally, comparing one's body to the “ideal figure” depicted on social media and ones inability to obtain it also can lead to body dissatisfaction.
Welfare assessment of slow loris (Nycticebus spp.) at an Indonesian primate rehabilitation center: Development and validation of body condition score
Authors: Ghassani Yumni K. , Rianti Puji , Priambada Nur P. , Arifin Imam , Saptorini Indri , Prameswari Wendi , Darusman Huda S.
Published: May 2023

Body condition scoring (BCS) assessment can reflect animal welfare status and help the veterinarian to make a quick health management decision, including for confiscated slow loris (Nycticebus spp.). The confiscated slow loris should be rehabilitated in a rehabilitation center before being released. It is essential to monitor the welfare of slow loris to ensure that candidates are released. Assessment of animal welfare status requires representative measurable criteria and indicators. However, there is no standardized BCS for slow loris yet. This study focuses on developing and validating BCS based on body weight and circumference. In this study, 180 individuals were evaluated and scored. We measured body weight and circumferences to validate the assessment of BCS. There are no significant differences in body weight and circumferences within species and sexes. Muscle mass and fat deposits were palpated, visually viewed, and grouped in five BCS. There was a significant difference in body weight and circumference between BCS levels. According to this study, the development of BCS is valid and can be used to slow loris in prevailing circumstances and any ex‐situ facilities.
Structure‐Function Analysis of the S‐Glycosylation Reaction in the Biosynthesis of Lincosamide Antibiotics
Authors: Mori Takahiro , Sun Xin , Kadlcik Stanislav , Janata Jiri , Abe Ikuro
Published: May 2023

The S‐glycosyltransferase LmbT, involved in the biosynthesis of lincomycin A, is the only known enzyme that catalyzes the enzymatic incorporation of rare amino acid L‐ergothioneine (EGT) into secondary metabolites. Here, we show the structure and function analyses of LmbT. Our in vitro analysis of LmbT revealed that the enzyme shows promiscuous substrate specificity toward nitrogenous base moieties in the generation of unnatural nucleotide diphosphate (NDP)‐D‐α‐D‐lincosamides. Furthermore, the X‐ray crystal structures of LmbT in its apo form and in complex with substrates indicated that the large conformational changes of the active site occur upon binding of the substrates, and that EGT is strictly recognized by salt‐bridge and cation‐π interactions with Arg260 and Trp101, respectively. The structure of LmbT in complex with its substrates, the docking model with the EGT‐S‐conjugated lincosamide, and the structure‐based site‐directed mutagenesis analysis revealed the structural details of the LmbT‐catalyzed SN2‐like S‐glycosylation reaction with EGT.
Circularly Polarized Luminescence from Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino) Carbene Derived Propellers
Authors: Lorkowski Jan , Bouetard Dylan , Yorkgitis Patrick , Gembicky Milan , Roisnel Thierry , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Munz Dominik , Favereau Ludovic , Bertrand Guy , Mauduit Marc , Jazzar Rodolphe
Published: May 2023

Organic circularly polarized luminescence (CPL)‐active molecular emitters featuring dynamic propeller‐like luminophores were prepared in one step from cyclic(alkyl)(amino) carbenes (CAACs). These molecules exhibit through‐space arene‐arene π‐delocalization and rapid intramolecular inter‐system crossing (ISC) in line with their helical character.