bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acceptance Analysis of Silacak Version 3.0 Based on The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in Surabaya City
Authors: Alifia Nikmaturrochmah Putri , Handayani Dwi , Ibad Mursyidul , Hakim Zakkiy Fasya Abdul
Published: October 2022

Tracing is one of the points in 3T that is highlighted in the Covid-19 response. This tracing activity is very important because confirmed cases can transmit the disease from 2 days before to 14 days after the onset of symptoms. In November 2020 the Ministry of Health created an information system to strengthen the surveillance system in tackling Covid-19, especially in contact tracing activities called Silacak. This study aims to analyze the acceptance of the Silacak version 3.0 application based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory at the Surabaya City Primary Health Care. This research method is descriptive quantitative with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were tracing officers at the Surabaya City Primary Health Care with a total of 55 respondents. The sampling technique used was cluster random sampling. Data analysis in the form of univariate analysis. The results showed that perceived convenience was in good criteria (100%), perceived usefulness in good criteria (92.7%) and in sufficient criteria (7.3%), user attitudes in good criteria (94.5%) and in sufficient criteria (5.5%), behavioral interest in good criteria (100%). The conclusion of this study is that the acceptance of the Silacak application in Covid-19 contact tracing activities based on the technology acceptance model (TAM) theory in Surabaya City is considered good. Which means that tracing officers have accepted the Silacak application well to assist in contact tracing activities. To maintain good acceptance of the Silacak application, it is hoped that the development of the Silacak application will continue to be carried out so as to minimize the occurrence of system errors.
The Influence of Emotional Education Experience on Students’ Social Identity
Authors: Huang Huang
Published: October 2022

This study uses a questionnaire survey to understand the impact of emotional education experience on students’ social identity. The results show that emotional education experience can significantly affect students’ social identity, and different emotional education experience has a different impact on students’ social identity, among which class emotional education experience has the most obvious impact.
Translation of Culture-loaded Words and Cross-cultural Communication from the Perspective of Domestic Games
Authors: Cai Mengge
Published: October 2022

As the “ninth art”, video games carry the important responsibility of spreading national culture and values, and also represent the cultural symbols of each nation. The aim of this project is to give a reference to domestic games that go abroad in the future and help Chinese culture go out better. This thesis uses descriptive analysis and literature research methods to analyse the English translation of culture-loaded words in the Chinese game Genshin Impact from a cross-cultural perspective, and finds through the research that the English translation strategy of the game is mainly domestication, supplemented by foreinization.
Factors Influencing Temporary Sexual Behavior in Patients with Gonorrhea in STD Clinics
Authors: Wang Nan
Published: October 2022

Objective: To explore risk factors influencing temporary sexual behavior among gonorrhea patients in STD clinics, and to adapt gonorrhea prevention and control strategies accordingly.

Methods: From August to October 2018, gonorrhea patients in 14 STD clinics across7 prefectures (cities) with high incidence of gonorrhea in Yunnan Province were screened and sampled to investigate potential risk factors. After pre-screening, a total of 179 gonorrhea patients were recruited (88.3% male).Multivariate logistic regression analysis model was performed to analyze the risk factors of temporary sexual behavior.

Results: Multivariate logistic regression analysis results revealed that 55.2% of gonorrhea patients aged ≤40 years had temporary sexual behavior, 53.1% of whom had the most recent sexual intercourse were temporary sexual partners, and 53.1% were male (OR=3.765, 95%CI=1.259~11.253, P=0.018), single (OR=3.141, 95%CI=1.589~6.208, P=0.001), multiple sexual partners (≥2 persons)within the past month (OR=4.119,95%CI=1.829~9.278, P=0.001) , which were identified as the major significant risk factors for temporary sexual behavior.

Conclusion: Temporary sexual behavior infection of gonorrhea patients is mainly associated with high-risk behaviors including unprotected sexual behavior and multiple sexual partners. For effective intervention and prevention, sexual education such as safe sex measurements and healthy sexual behaviors and be adopted by STD clinics and general public advocacy.
Application and design of a new high power and multi propeller hybrid aircraft
Authors: Li AngJun
Published: October 2022

This paper describes and explained a new hybrid system that could be used in the multi propeller aircraft. This new hybrid system solved the problems of fuel cost and environmental protection of traditional fuel aircraft, as well as the endurance and load of pure electric aircraft.
Improving Social Policies for Disabled People in China based on existing situation
Authors: Zeng Anke
Published: October 2022

Centered around the social status of and social policy related to disabled people in China, this paper aims to analyze the unfair treatment disabled people in China face. The research shows that because of bias against disabled people and the lack of facilities for them, disabled people in China do not have equal human rights. To improve this situation, developing countries like China should not only promote equal rights for disabled people but also rehabilitate disabled people’s self-esteem. The government should also eradicate negative stereotypes, such as immoral people punished by the god, of disabled people by educating young children the cause of disability in school and the old in the communities. Finally, compared with Western countries, China needs to build more facilities for the disabled. Introduction
A Trial on the Current Situation of Cross-Strait Relations, Whether the Issue May Evolve from Friction to War
Authors: Zhang Songhao
Published: October 2022

This essay focuses on the current state of cross-strait relations and whether the issue may evolve from friction to war. In 2022, after Russia declared war on Ukraine, the world is again in the shadow of war, and cross-strait relations have been a powder keg in the international community. Taiwan, as a country with its legislature, political party and complete state system, but not recognized by the international community. It has long been at odds with the PRC, which claimed Taiwan as part of its own. Since the KMT stepped down and the DPP took power in 2016, Tsai Ing-wen (Taiwan’s de facto leader) has denied the 1992 Consensus, and with Pelosi’s visit to Taiwan, increasing friction in cross-strait relations, and PLA air forces operating across the centre line of the strait, there is growing concern among the world’s population that cross-strait relations will break down and degenerate into war. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the possibility of cross-strait relations from mutual condemnation to actual conflict in terms of the history of cross-strait relations, the current development of Taiwan and China, and the attitudes of the aborigines on both sides of the Taiwan Strait. It also discusses the current situation of cross-strait relations, the future development of the two places, and the attitudes of several Taiwanese and mainlanders toward the cross-strait conflict.
Research on Children in Sexual Minorities—A Case Study of Julie Anne Peters’ Luna
Authors: Shi Aiqing
Published: October 2022

When it comes to sexual minorities that defy gender expectations, people tend to focus on adults. Children of a gender minority are deliberately ignored or denied as a group due to ignorance, unknowingness, and deliberate rejection. The same situation is reflected in the field of young adult literature. However, Luna is a pioneering work concerning transgender children of sexual minorities in young adult literature. This paper first explains the concept of sexual minorities, then introduces the book Luna through an analysis of the main roles to discuss the significance and value of the issues of sexual-minority children presented by the book. This paper should serve as a tool for drawing public attention to the existence of sexual-minority children in the world.
The Conformity and Subversion of Lolita Fashion to Male Chauvinism from the Perspective of Gramsci’s “Hegemony” Theory
Authors: Cong Yuxin
Published: October 2022

This work illustrates the gender discourse in Lolita fashion. Lolita clothing is a kind of clothing in ancient European style which is adapted by Japanese designers, and Lolita subculture is cultivated by mass as a result of its popularity. Most of its enthusiasts are female, thus it will be beneficial to the development of female subculture if the gender discourse signified by Lolita fashion is analyzed thoroughly. Based on Gramsci’s “hegemony” theory, this paper analyzes the male hegemony, female resistance and their “negotiation” in texts about Lolita fashion. They are divided into two categories, one is ideological and related to man’s gaze, another is economic and related to division of labor between sexes. It is concluded that Lolita fashion or subculture is a field of “negotiation” between male chauvinism and female resistance. These two discourses tend to compromise with each other, while it is still difficult to tell which one is dominant at present.
Research on the Effect of Social Media on the Online Shopping Behavior of Chinese Millennials
Authors: Wong NgaiChing
Published: October 2022

In China, millennials represent a sizable consumer segment with significant purchasing power. The fact that millennials are engaged on social media and eager to purchase online demonstrates this. Through the search and reading of relevant literature, this paper proposes that social media and online shopping behavior are inextricably linked, and that Chinese millennials are naturally the drivers of online shopping.
The Study on Services Ability Evaluation and Cultivation of The Logistics Company Based on Agricultural E-Commerce
Authors: Yingzi Xu , Li Yu
Published: October 2022

Recently, the logistics service companies which has complete service system based on agricultural E-commerce are very few. From the perspective of the agricultural E-commerce,the paper put forward evaluation index system and the evaluation method of logistics companies’ service ability,which is based on the characteristics of the agricultural products circulation and the diversity of the customer demand in the agricultural consumer market. So they can serve as a guide in cultivating logistics companies for agricultural E-commerce.
Current Situation and Prospect of Walnut Industry in China
Authors: Chen Zhi-Lin , Qi Jian-Xun
Published: October 2022

Walnut is one of the four major nuts in the world. China is one of the origins and distribution centers of genus Juglans. Walnut plays an important role in China’s non-wood forest industry, which is of great significance to the national grain and oil security, farmers’ income increase, life quality improvement, and ecological environment construction. On the basis of reviewing the three fields of germplasm resources and breeding, cultivation technologies, and walnut processing and utilization that China’s walnut industry focuses on, this paper puts forward suggestions on the outstanding problems faced by the current industry, in order to provide references for the decision-making of relevant departments.
The Current Situation, Dilemmas and Optimization Paths of Party Building in the Economic Transformation of Chinese State-owned Enterprises
Authors: Chen Yu
Published: October 2022

State-owned enterprises are a significant pillar of China’s national economy, mostly located in the basic industries and pillar industries that are the lifeblood of the national economy. The development of state-owned enterprises not only determines the prosperity and stability of the national economy, but also whether the country can gain an advantage in international competition. How to realize the transformation and upgrading of state-owned enterprises has always been an issue of great importance to the state, and only through good transformation and upgrading can they develop and grow faster and better, and make their due contribution to the rapid and stable development of China’s economy. Under the dual pressure of epidemic control and the international economic environment, the recommendations for party building within state-owned enterprises are particularly important. This paper analyses the dilemma of party building in Chinese state-owned enterprises based on the current actual situation of party building in Chinese state-owned enterprises, taking into account the international epidemic and the economic situation. It also puts forward two optimization paths including deep integration of production and operation and University-Enterprise Collaborative. It is hoped that the level of party building work in Chinese state-owned enterprises can be improved and production stability and ideological motivation can be enhanced.
Exploration of Affectionate Care Services for Empty Nesters in the Context of “Internet +”
Authors: Lu Sang , Chen Jie , Liu Shuai , Yin Yaxuan , Li Aixi , Yu Ruohan
Published: October 2022

The study found that the number of empty nesters in China will increase to more than 200 million in 2030. It accounts for 90% of the total number of elderly people, and the elderly in China will have an “empty nesting” situation. In the era when empty nesters are becoming more and more serious, the mental health of empty nesters is becoming increasingly prominent, which has become a key topic of concern in the whole society. In order to better develop the physical and mental health of the elderly, in the context of Internet+, this article uses SWOT method to analyze the issue of family care services for empty nesters. During the discussion, it was found that there are promotion problems, platform security problems, page operation problems and personnel needs problems in the family care service. From these four aspects, the article gives four suggestions of “increasing publicity, strengthening and improving network security, improving the service function of the platform and paying attention to personnel needs”.
Internet-based telemedicine comprehensive service system
Authors: Huan Zizhuo , Li Jiayun , Li Jinkai
Published: October 2022

Due to the pandemic which lasted for more than two years, many people cannot get access to the hospital in time. Consequently, tele medicine has gradually entered people’s field of version. People can see the doctor at home without going out. Telemedicine refers to the use of computer technology to give full play to the advantages of medical technology and medical equipment in large hospitals or specialized medical centers to diagnose, treat and consult inconvenient people at a distance. In this paper, there are three parts: surgery robot, image processing and 5G transmission. For the first and foremost, medical devices are the premise. Surgical robot is the focus of current research especially the Da Vinci Surgical Robot. Secondly, we discussed image processing and focused on MRI about image analysis, image segmentation and image denoising. Finally, 5G has given “wings” to telemedicine, and built an efficient and all-time-space treatment system. It has not only effectively promoted the sharing and collaborative treatment of emergency information and early treatment of critical diseases, but also brought more sense of gain, happiness and security to people’s lives.
Research on the Impact of Online Reviews on Consumer Buying Behaviour
Authors: Zhou Yu
Published: October 2022

Online reviews, as a major form of online word-of-mouth, are one of the important reference indicators for consumers. This paper examines the impact of online reviews on consumers’ purchase intention by designing a questionnaire and conducting an empirical study on the quality, type and validity of online reviews. The study finds that there are differences in consumers’ perceptions of the type of online reviews, with a more significant effect on the perceived usefulness of negative reviews; the quality and validity of reviews have a positive effect on consumers’ purchase intentions. The study concludes that merchants need to make good use of reviews and improve the overall quality of reviews to gain consumers’ trust and increase their willingness to buy. Through the study, a theoretical foundation for the further development of e-commerce is laid.
Optimization of the Young's modulus of woven composite material made by Raphia vinifiera fiber/epoxy
Authors: Kendem Djoumessi Alfred , Sikame Tagne Rodrigue Nicodème , Stanislas Tido Tiwa , Ngapgue François , Njeugna Ebenezer
Published: October 2022

This work focuses on the optimal design of the woven fabrics made from Raphia vinifiera, fiber, and their contribution as reinforcing element in the epoxy matrix. The work is done alternately experimentally and theoretically. The woven made of canvas, twill and satin armor are characterized in traction according to the ISO13934-1 standard [1]. A predictive mathematical model of Young's modulus of the woven with the greatest rigidity is established. The woven reinforcement composite made is characterized in traction and bending according to EN ISO 527-5 [2] and NF EN ISO 14125 [3] standards. In order to determine the reinforcement rate which gives the highest young modulus of the material, the gradient method was applied on some prediction equations of Young's modulus of composite material. Then find the prediction equation that best corresponds to the composite made. The results showed that mathematical modeling works corroborates with experimental works. On the woven fabrics the canvas armor has the highest Young's modulus in the warp and weft direction (2.429, 21.164 GPa). Followed by twill (2315, 18 741 GPa) and satin (2184, 18.54 GPa). On the composite, the reinforcement rate from which the material is optimized is 50%. The composite young's moduli in the warp and weft direction resulting from the tensile and bending tests of the composite are respectively (3.644, 7.31 GPa) and (1.802, 4.52). In a nutshell, this work presents the theoretical and experimental aspect of the best material which can be obtained with R. vinifiera fiber with respect to its Young modulus.
Keratome, a Better Alternative Scalpel to No. 15 Blade for Finer Incision—Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mohan Amitabh , Rangwala Murtuza , Boringwala Abdul Q.
Published: October 2022

Background Scalpel is the most common and oldest instrument used by surgeons for incision and to perform the surgery. A lot of improvement has occurred in the design of scalpel from the flint knife to the modern Bard-Parker handle with blades. The quest for improvement and finding a better instrument is neverending. In this study, we present an alternative scalpel to the no. 15 blade most commonly used by plastic surgeons.

Material and Methods Consultants and residents in plastic surgery department used a no.15 blade and a 15-degree straight keratome on randomly selected patients and used subjective numerical rating scale to assess the ease of incision and dissection. The data were collected and statistically analyzed.

Results In this study, 89 patients were included out of which 68 cases were operated by the consultants and 21 cases were operated by residents. The average score of ease of incision using a no. 15 blade by the consultants was 6.52 and by the residents was 6.125. The average score of ease of incision using a 15-degree straight keratome by the consultants was 8.74 and by the residents was 8.84. p-Value was statistically significant when no. 15 blades and 15-degree straight keratome were compared.

Conclusion 15-degree straight keratome is an excellent scalpel that can be used in preference to no. 15 blade as it is difficult to use.
Role of Preoperative Skin Stretching in Single-Stage Wound Closure
Authors: Kumar Anchit , Kumar Naveen , Jha Manoj K.
Published: October 2022

Background Mechanical skin stretching (SS) is now becoming one of the commonly sought after procedures for wound healing. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy of preoperative SS for the closure of large wounds and to evaluate various postoperative outcome parameters.

Methodology An observational study was conducted from December 2017 to May 2019 where a sample size of 30 patients was included with inclusion criteria being wounds of ≥5 cm width that require surgical management, presence of sufficient healthy skin edge of the wound/scar (at least one) for the stretching procedure, and age between 18 and 70 years. SS devices used were the top closure tension relief system. Postoperatively, various parameters were recorded to evaluate outcomes and complications.

Results Majority of wounds that is 16 (53.3%) were <50 cm2, 9 (30%) were between 50 and 75 cm2, and 5 (16.7%) were >75 cm2. The mean duration of stretch was 2.3 ± 0.82 weeks. For 30 wounds treated with staged cycles of wound closure, there was a significant difference between every two visit points, i.e., 10%. The mean patient-reported patient and observer scar assessment scale score was 3.5 ± 0.93. Twenty-five cases (83.3%) had uneventful postoperative recovery. Twenty-seven patients (90%) reported an improved aesthetic outcome. Fourteen patients (46.7%) reported some improvement in function.

Conclusion The study concluded that the SS devices are the simple and effective method for the primary closure of large and challenging wounds and skin defects.
Motivated fictionality: Worldbuilding and The Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Soltan Meriam
Published: October 2022

Inundated with visions of domed desert kingdoms, tyrant kings, flying carpets, and shapeshifting jinn, the visual vocabulary that has come to be associated with The Thousand and One Nights can be traced back to the earliest illustrated translations of the stories, one of the first of which was British orientalist Edward Lane’s three volume edition published between 1839–41. Interspersed with the 635 woodcut prints designed for the edition by illustrator William Harvey, this version developed an identity for the Nights rooted in ethnographically realist art and annotation. Since much of Lane’s own travel research was folded into the Nights through choice commentary and renderings, key illustrations are closely read here as having channeled the translator’s own scholarly motivations into the world of the stories. Embraced not just as a work of storytelling, but also of worldbuilding, the Nights are positioned in this essay as a world ripe with and receptive to interventions where the work of writing and visualizing fiction is indivisible from the construction and perception of reality.
Iodine contaminates perovskite film evaporation equipment by staying semi-volatile
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: October 2022

The mechanics of why baking, solvent cleaning, and foil replacement fail to rid equipment of contaminants that can drain film performance by 90 percent
Linear ion-scale microstability analysis of high and low-collisionality NSTX discharges and NSTX-U projections
Authors: Clauser C. F. , Guttenfelder W. , Rafiq T. , Schuster E.
Published: October 2022

Linear gyrokinetic simulations were conducted to investigate ion-gyroradius-scale micro-instability predictions for high-beta NSTX discharges and NSTX-U projections that span over an order of magnitude variation in collisionality. A complex mix of microtearing modes and hybrid trapped electron modes/kinetic ballooning modes (TEM/KBM) is predicted for all experimental or projected conditions. Ion temperature gradient (ITG) instabilities are typically stable in the NSTX discharges investigated, consistent with the observed neoclassical ion thermal transport. ITG thresholds inferred from the simulations are typically much higher than the experimental NSTX gradients, as well as the projected gradients in the NSTX-U scenario, which assumed ion temperatures limited by neoclassical transport only. The analysis suggests ITG instabilities are unlikely to contribute significant anomalous thermal losses in high-beta, lower collisionality NSTX-U scenarios. On the other hand, the NSTX experimental profiles and NSTX-U projections are predicted to be very close to the predicted onset of unstable KBM at most radii investigated. The proximity of the various discharges to the KBM instability threshold implies it may play an important role in setting profile shapes and limiting global energy confinement. It remains to be understood and predicted how KBM contributes to multi-channel transport (thermal and particle transport, for both ions and electrons) in a way that is consistent with experimental inferences.
Novel 3D coupled convection–diffusion model algorithm
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Hasnain Shahid , Khaliq Abdul , Ahmed Uzair , Al-Atawi Nawal Odah , Mashat Daoud Suleiman
Published: October 2022

The potential of a partial differential equations model is to anticipate its computational behavior. The simulation of a transient 3D coupled convection–diffusion system using a numerical model is described. The main objective of this article is to offer effective limited contrast compact finite difference techniques for use with nonlinear coupled partial differential systems that mimic overseeing differential frameworks. The three-dimensional compact finite difference formulation serves as the model’s foundation. An analytical model has been used to validate finite difference techniques that are numerically compact. By examining the consistency and union of the arrangement, which may be seen from figures and information tables, we can evaluate the model and the suggested numerical schemes. The schemes are unconditionally stable and accurate up to two orders in time and six orders in space, according to the results of the stability and accuracy tests. The implicit method used in the algorithm’s design was examined for stability criteria. Because mesh-independent solutions for non-linear differential systems are expensive, block tridiagonal matrix structures, measured in terms of L2 and L∞ norms, which are inherent characteristics of schemes and have excellent agreement with the investigation arrangement, are created.
Temperature statistics in turbulent Rayleigh–Bénard convection with a Prandtl number of Pr = 12.3
Authors: Wei Ping , Chen Xinyu , Lin Chensen
Published: October 2022

The transport of plumes in turbulent convective systems must be understood to study the mantle and various industrial applications. We measured the probability density function P(T) of the temperature at various radial and vertical positions in the bulk of a convection cell. The asymmetric-shaped distribution was decomposed into a turbulent background and plumes. The temperature of the turbulent background was fitted by a Gaussian function according to the peak of P(T). We proposed a simple quantity A ≡ (⟨T⟩ − Tbg) to describe the effective strength of the plume, where ⟨T⟩ is the time-averaged value of the local temperature. The hot plume diminishes as it rises in the cell. The plume strength varies logarithmically with the vertical position. For larger Ra, the plume along the centerline has a longer travel distance in terms of the thermal boundary layer. For a given Ra, the strength and travel distance of the plume increase as the measurements move closer to the sidewall. At the cell center, the temperature fluctuations can be decomposed into fluctuations due to the turbulent background σbg and fluctuations due to the plume. The value of σbg is so small that the relation between σbg and the vertical position can be fitted by a logarithmic function or a power law. The Ra dependence on these two fluctuations was also investigated. The measurements were collected in a cylindrical cell with a unity aspect ratio of 1, and FC72 was used as the working fluid.
Toward morphologically induced anisotropy in thermally hysteretic dielectric properties of vanadium dioxide
Authors: Mackay Tom G. , Lakhtakia Akhlesh
Published: October 2022

The Bruggeman homogenization formalism was used to numerically investigate the dielectric properties of a columnar thin film (CTF) made from vanadium dioxide. For visible and near-infrared wavelengths, the CTF is electromagnetically equivalent to a homogeneous orthorhombic material. Over the 58–72 °C temperature range, the eigenvalues of the CTF’s relative permittivity dyadic are highly sensitive to temperature and vary according to whether the CTF is being heated or cooled. The anisotropy revealed through the eigenvalues and the anisotropy of the associated hysteresis were investigated in relation to temperature for CTFs of different porosities and columnar cross sections. When the free-space wavelength is 800 nm, the CTF is a dissipative dielectric material that exhibits temperature-dependent anisotropy and anisotropic hysteresis. In contrast, when the free-space wavelength is 1550 nm, the CTF can be a dissipative dielectric material, a hyperbolic material, or a metal-like material, depending on the temperature and the porosity of the CTF. As the porosity of the CTF decreases from 0.55 to 0.3, the anisotropy of the CTF becomes more pronounced, as does the anisotropy of the hysteresis. Only relatively modest variations in anisotropy and hysteresis arise in response to varying the columnar cross-sectional shape, as compared to the variations induced by varying the porosity.
Maidin Cornwall
Authors: Sandow Rhys J.
Published: October 2022

While the research literature on regional dialect levelling is substantial (e.g.Williams and Kerswill 1999;Britain 2002;Watt 2002;Jansen 2019), this process is under-explored and under-theorised when it comes to patterns of lexical usage. Usingmaidas a case-study, in this article I provide a detailed account of processes of lexical levelling in Cornwall. I consider the usage ofmaidfrom two perspectives, that of onomasiology and semasiology. From an onomasiological perspective,maid, as a variant of the conceptwoman, exhibits socio-stylistic reallocation, with attested usages ofmaidin this study being limited to older speakers in careful speech styles. From a semasiological perspective, two senses ofmaid, ‘woman’ and ‘female servant or attendant’, have undergone structural reallocation in apparent-time withmaid‘woman’ being the prototypical sense for older speakers but a more peripheral sense for their younger counterparts.
Paralanguage and ad hoc concepts
Authors: Padilla Cruz Manuel
Published: October 2022

Ad hoc concept construction is regarded as a case of free pragmatic enrichment, so it is presented as a non-linguistically mandated process that is automatically accomplished during mutual parallel adjustment. Recent research suggests that this lexical pragmatic process may be marked and steered by various linguistic elements. These include evaluative morphemes, lexical and phrasal items adjacent to content words, and stylistic resources like repetition or rewording. This paper argues that paralanguage may fulfil a similar enacting function and finetune the conceptual representations arising from content words on the grounds of idiosyncratic, context-dependent features or shades, as well as propositional and non-propositional information about the speaker’s psychological states. However, the paper restricts this function to expressive interjections, prosodic inputs like pitch, contrastive stress and pace or tempo, and gestural inputs such as language-like gestures, pantomimes and emblems. Conative interjections, intonation and proper gesticulation would be excluded from contributing to lexical pragmatic processes.
Emission of high-energy alpha particles in nuclear reactions of 48Ca and 56Fe ions on 181Ta and 238U targets
Authors: Penionzhkevich Yu. E. , Samarin V. V. , Lukyanov S. M. , Maslov V. A. , Naumenko M. A.
Published: October 2022

The results of experiments on measuring the energy spectra of alpha particles in reactions with heavy ions are presented. The measurements were performed using the high-resolution magnetic analyzer MAVR with beams of 48Ca (280 MeV) and 56Fe (320 and 400 MeV) on 181Ta and 238U targets at an angle of 0°. A strong dependence of the double differential cross sections for production of alpha particles on the atomic number of the target nucleus was observed, which indicates that fast alpha particles are mainly emitted from the target nucleus; this conclusion was also confirmed by calculations within the time-dependent Schrödinger equation approach. An analysis of the obtained experimental data was carried out within the model of moving sources modified to consider the kinematic limits for two-body and three-body exit channels.
Geometry of planar curves intersecting many lines at a few points
Authors: Vardakis D. , Volberg A.
Published: October 2022

The local Lipschitz property is shown for the graphs avoiding multiple point intersection with lines directed in a given cone. The assumption is much stronger than those of Marstrand’s well-known theorem, but the conclusion is much stronger too. Additionally, a continuous curve with a similar property is

σ
\sigma

-finite with respect to Hausdorff length and an estimate on the Hausdorff measure of each “piece” is found.
Kidney Donor Profile Index and allograft outcomes: interactive effects of estimated post-transplant survival score and ischaemic time
Authors: Prunster Janelle , Wong Germaine , Larkins Nicholas , Wyburn Kate , Francis Ross , Mulley William R , Ooi Esther , Pilmore Helen , Davies Christopher E , Lim Wai H
Published: October 2022

Background

The Kidney Donor Profile Index (KDPI) is routinely reported by the donation agencies in Australia. We determined the association between KDPI and short-term allograft loss and assessed if this association was modified by the estimated post-transplant survival (EPTS) score and total ischaemic time.

Methods

Using data from the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, the association between KDPI (in quartiles) and 3-year overall allograft loss was examined using adjusted Cox regression analysis. The interactive effects between KDPI, EPTS score and total ischaemic time on allograft loss were assessed.

Results

Of 4006 deceased donor kidney transplant recipients transplanted between 2010 and 2015, 451 (11%) recipients experienced allograft loss within 3 years post-transplant. Compared with recipients of kidneys with a KDPI of 0–25%, recipients who received donor kidneys with a KDPI >75% experienced a 2-fold increased risk of 3-year allograft loss {adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.04 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.53–2.71]}. The adjusted HRs for kidneys with a KDPI of 26–50% and 51–75% were 1.27 (95% CI 0.94–1.71) and 1.31 (95% CI 0.96–1.77), respectively. There were significant interactions between KDPI and EPTS scores (P-value for interaction <.01) and total ischaemic time (P-value for interaction <.01) such that the associations between higher KDPI quartiles and 3-year allograft loss were strongest in recipients with the lowest EPTS scores and longest total ischaemic time.

Conclusion

Recipients with higher post-transplant expected survival and transplants with longer total ischaemia who received donor allografts with higher KDPI scores experienced a greater risk of short-term allograft loss compared with those recipients with reduced post-transplant expected survival and with shorter total ischemia.
The ratio of measured and reference effective orifice areas for discriminating prosthetic aortic valve obstruction
Authors: Kim Kyu , Kim Dae-Young , Seo Jiwon , Cho Iksung , Shim Chi Young , Hong Geu-Ru , Ha Jong-Won
Published: October 2022

Aims

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the measured effective orifice area (EOA)/reference EOA ratio in discriminating mechanical prosthetic aortic valve (PAV) obstruction.

Methods and results

This is a retrospective study of 193 mechanical PAV patients with an elevated mean transprosthetic pressure gradient (PG) over 20 mmHg or peak velocity over 3 m/s. Of those, 143 patients were objectively proven PAV obstruction with cardiac computed tomography or surgical inspection. The EOA was measured using the continuity equation, and the reference EOA values were obtained from previous guidelines. The measured/reference EOA ratio was significantly lower in the obstruction group (0.63 ± 0.18 vs. 0.86 ± 0.17; P < 0.001). The EOA ratio added incremental value for discriminating obstruction from the conventional parameters recommended in the guidelines. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the measured/reference EOA ratio discriminated PAV obstruction from those without obstruction [area under the curve (AUC), 0.840; 95% confidence interval, 0.783–0.898; P < 0.001]. A cutoff of 0.71 had 73.4% sensitivity and 82.0% specificity. The novel diagnostic algorithm adding the EOA ratio had similar accuracy to previous guideline algorithms, including reference EOA, and conventional Doppler parameters (AUC, 0.763 vs. 0.731; P = 0.309). In patients with a large PAV (≥23 mm), the novel algorithm had higher accuracy than the previous algorithm (AUC, 0.788 vs. 0.642; P = 0.019).

Conclusion

The ratio of measured/reference EOA adds incremental value over conventional Doppler parameters and might be helpful for distinguishing PAV obstruction.
Long-Term and Intergenerational Effects of Education: Evidence from School Construction in Indonesia
Authors: Akresh Richard , Halim Daniel , Kleemans Marieke
Published: October 2022

We study long-term and intergenerational effects of the 1970s Indonesian school construction program. Exploiting variation across birth cohorts and districts in the number of schools built suggests that 43 years later men are more likely to work formally, outside agriculture, and migrate, and that men and women have better marriage market outcomes. Households with exposed women have higher living standards and pay more taxes. The mother's program exposure leads to increased schooling for her children, with larger effects in secondary and tertiary education. Cost-benefit analyses indicate that school construction leads to higher tax revenues and improved living standards, offsetting construction costs within 18–54 years.
RNA polymerase II transcription attenuation at the yeast DNA repair gene DEF1 is biologically significant and dependent on the Hrp1 RNA-recognition motif
Authors: Amodeo Maria E , Mitchell Shane P C , Pavan Vincent , Kuehner Jason N
Published: October 2022

Premature transcription termination (i.e. attenuation) is a potent gene regulatory mechanism that represses mRNA synthesis. Attenuation of RNA polymerase II is more prevalent than once appreciated, targeting 10–15% of mRNA genes in yeast through higher eukaryotes, but its significance and mechanism remain obscure. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, polymerase II attenuation was initially shown to rely on Nrd1–Nab3–Sen1 termination, but more recently our laboratory characterized a hybrid termination pathway involving Hrp1, an RNA-binding protein in the 3′-end cleavage factor. One of the hybrid attenuation gene targets is DEF1, which encodes a repair protein that promotes degradation of polymerase II stalled at DNA lesions. In this study, we characterized the chromosomal DEF1 attenuator and the functional role of Hrp1. DEF1 attenuator mutants overexpressed Def1 mRNA and protein, exacerbated polymerase II degradation, and hindered cell growth, supporting a biologically significant DEF1 attenuator function. Using an auxin-induced Hrp1 depletion system, we identified new Hrp1-dependent attenuators in MNR2, SNG1, and RAD3 genes. An hrp1-5 mutant (L205S) known to impair binding to cleavage factor protein Rna14 also disrupted attenuation, but surprisingly no widespread defect was observed for an hrp1-1 mutant (K160E) located in the RNA-recognition motif. We designed a new RNA recognition motif mutant (hrp1-F162W) that altered a highly conserved residue and was lethal in single copy. In a heterozygous strain, hrp1-F162W exhibited dominant-negative readthrough defects at several gene attenuators. Overall, our results expand the hybrid RNA polymerase II termination pathway, confirming that Hrp1-dependent attenuation controls multiple yeast genes and may function through binding cleavage factor proteins and/or RNA.
Health-care worker retention in post-conflict settings: a systematic literature review
Authors: Lin Tracy Kuo , Werner Kalin , Kak Mohini , Herbst Christopher H
Published: October 2022

Conflicts affect health-care systems not only during but also well beyond periods of violence and immediate crises by draining resources, destroying infrastructure and perpetrating human resource shortages. Improving health-care worker (HCW) retention is critical to limiting the strain placed on health systems already facing infrastructure and financial challenges. We reviewed the evidence on the retention of HCWs in fragile, conflict-affected and post-conflict settings and evaluated strategies and their likely success in improving retention and reducing attrition. We conducted a systematic review of studies, following PRISMA guidelines. Included studies (1) described a context that is post-conflict, conflict-affected or was transformed by war or a crisis; (2) examined the retention of HCWs; (3) were available in English, Spanish or French and (4) were published between 1 January 2000 and 25 April 2021. We identified 410 articles, of which 25 studies, representing 17 countries, met the inclusion criteria. Most of the studies (22 out of 25) used observational study designs and qualitative methods to conduct research. Three studies were literature reviews. This review observed four main themes: migration intention, return migration, work experiences and conditions of service and deployment policies. Using these themes, we identify a consolidated list of six push and pull factors contributing to HCW attrition in fragile, conflict-affected and post-conflict settings. The findings suggest that adopting policies that focus on improving financial incentives, providing professional development opportunities, establishing flexibility and identifying staff with strong community links may ameliorate workforce attrition.
Viridiplantae Body Plans Viewed Through the Lens of the Fossil Record and Molecular Biology
Authors: Niklas Karl J , Tiffney Bruce H
Published: October 2022

A review of the fossil record coupled with insights gained from molecular and developmental biology reveal a series of body plan transformations that gave rise to the first land plants. Across diverse algal clades, including the green algae and their descendants, the plant body plan underwent a unicellular $\to $ colonial $\to $ simple multicellular → complex multicellular transformation series. The colonization of land involved increasing body size and associated cell specialization, including cells capable of hydraulic transport. The evolution of the life-cycle that characterizes all known land plant species involved a divergence in body plan phenotypes between the haploid and diploid generations, one adapted to facilitate sexual reproduction (a free-water dependent gametophyte) and another adapted to the dissemination of spores (a more water-independent sporophyte). The amplification of this phenotypic divergence, combined with indeterminate growth in body size, resulted in a desiccation-adapted branched sporophyte with a cuticularized epidermis, stomates, and vascular tissues. Throughout the evolution of the land plants, the body plans of the sporophyte generation involved “axiation,” i.e., the acquisition of a cylindrical geometry and subsequent organographic specializations.
Do International Dispute Bodies Overreach? Reassessing World Trade Organization Dispute Ruling
Authors: Kucik Jeffrey , Puig Sergio
Published: October 2022

Compliance with World Trade Organization dispute rulings declined in recent years. Governments frequently accuse the Appellate Body (AB) of exceeding its mandate by relying on precedent despite having no such authority. Is this criticism fair? We use new data on over 5,000 applications of legal precedent in AB rulings to test competing hypotheses. The “legal coherence hypothesis” says that legal systems adhere to precedent because they have strong incentives to appear consistent in their rulings over time. Alternatively, the “adaptation hypothesis” says that legal systems respond to political resistance, such as noncompliance, by subtly modifying precedent. The results lend greater support to the “adaptation hypothesis.” The AB is much more likely to drift from previous rulings when those decisions failed to induce compliance. The results speak to common criticisms about the intransigence of international legal systems and the ways in which international case law evolves.
Short Communication: effect of sodium butyrate, monensin, and butyric acid on the viability of Eimeria bovis sporozoites and their degree of damage to a bovine epithelial cell line
Authors: Klobucher Katrina N , Badger Rachel , Foxall Thomas , Erickson Peter S
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to determine the viability of sporozoites from Eimeria bovis when exposed to sodium butyrate (SB), monensin (MON), or butyric acid (BA), and to determine the effects of SB on sporozoite invasion of cells in comparison to MON as measured by the damage to a bovine epithelial cell line. To determine viability, isolated sporozoites were suspended in one of four treatments: control (CON) of cell culture medium alone, SB = 0.028 mg/mL suspended in control medium, MON = 0.01 mg/mL suspended in CON, and BA = 0.18 mg/mL suspended in CON. The number of live sporozoites was less for the MON and BA treatments compared to the CON and SB treatments. The number of dead sporozoites was similar regardless of treatment. There was a trend for treatment to affect the percent sporozoite viability. Control, SB and BA treatments were similar, while MON compared to control and SB had decreased percent viability. Results for MON, when compared to BA, were similar for percent viability. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was used to determine cellular damage to Madin Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) cells when exposed to E. bovis sporozoites in vitro. Cells were exposed to similar numbers of sporozoites and treated with: CON, SB = 0.028 mg/mL in control medium, MON = 0.01 mg/mL in control medium. Control LDH result (with sporozoites) was greater than both the SB and MON treatments while the LDH for SB and Mon and cells not exposed to sporozoites were similar. SB and MON were both shown to decrease cellular damage to MDBK cells as determined by decreased LDH release. SB has the potential to act as an anticoccidial alternative to MON.