bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transcriptomic Analysis of Olea europaea L. Roots during the Verticillium dahliae Early Infection Process
Authors: Jiménez‐Ruiz Jaime , Leyva‐Pérez María de la O , Schilirò Elisabetta , Barroso Juan Bautista , Bombarely Aureliano , Mueller Lukas , Mercado‐Blanco Jesús , Luque Francisco
Published: February 2017

Olive cultivation is affected by a wide range of biotic constraints. Verticillium wilt of olive is one of the most devastating diseases affecting this woody crop, inflicting major economic losses in many areas, particularly within the Mediterranean Basin. Little is known about gene‐expression changes during plant infection by Verticillium dahliae of woody plants such as olive. A complete RNA‐seq transcriptomic analysis of olive tree roots was made. Trinity assembler proved to be the best option to assemble the olive and V. dahliae transcriptomes. The olive transcriptome (Oleup) consisted of 68,259 unigenes (254,252 isoforms/transcripts), and the V. dahliae transcriptome (Vedah) consisted of 37,425 unigenes (52,119 isoforms/transcripts). Most unigenes of the Oleup transcriptome corresponded to cellular processes (12,339), metabolic processes (10,974), single‐organism processes (7263), and responses to stimuli (5114). As for the Vedah transcriptome, most unigenes correspond to metabolic processes (25,372), cellular processes (23,718), localization (6385), and biological regulation (4801). Differential gene‐expression analysis of both transcriptomes was made at 2 and 7 d post‐infection. The induced genes of both organisms during the plant‐pathogen interaction were clustered in six subclusters, depending on the expression patterns during the infection. Subclusters A to C correspond to plant genes, and subcluster D to F correspond to V. dahliae genes. A relevant finding was that the differentially expressed gene (DEGs) included in subclusters B and C were highly enriched in proteolysis as well as protein‐folding and biosynthesis genes. In addition, a reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense was induced first in the pathogen and later in the plant roots.
Variable Stars Observed in the Galactic Disk by AST3-1 from Dome A, Antarctica
Authors: Wang Lingzhi , Ma Bin , Li Gang , Hu Yi , Fu Jianning , Wang Lifan , Ashley Michael C. B. , Cui Xiangqun , Du Fujia , Gong Xuefei , Li Xiaoyan , Li Zhengyang , Liu Qiang , Pennypacker Carl R. , Shang Zhaohui , Yuan Xiangyan , York Donald G. , Zhou Jilin
Published: February 2017

AST3-1 is the second-generation wide-field optical photometric telescope dedicated to time-domain astronomy at Dome A, Antarctica. Here, we present the results of an i-band images survey from AST3-1 toward one Galactic disk field. Based on time-series photometry of 92,583 stars, 560 variable stars were detected with i magnitude ≤16.5 mag during eight days of observations; 339 of these are previously unknown variables. We tentatively classify the 560 variables as 285 eclipsing binaries (EW, EB, and EA), 27 pulsating variable stars (δ Scuti, γ Doradus, δ Cephei variable, and RR Lyrae stars), and 248 other types of variables (unclassified periodic, multiperiodic, and aperiodic variable stars). Of the eclipsing binaries, 34 show O’Connell effects. One of the aperiodic variables shows a plateau light curve and another variable shows a secondary maximum after peak brightness. We also detected a complex binary system with an RS CVn-like light-curve morphology; this object is being followed-up spectroscopically using the Gemini South telescope.
The SEEDS High-Contrast Imaging Survey of Exoplanets Around Young Stellar Objects
Authors: Uyama Taichi , Hashimoto Jun , Kuzuhara Masayuki , Mayama Satoshi , Akiyama Eiji , Currie Thayne , Livingston John , Kudo Tomoyuki , Kusakabe Nobuhiko , Abe Lyu , Brandner Wolfgang , Brandt Timothy D. , Carson Joseph C. , Egner Sebastian , Feldt Markus , Goto Miwa , Grady Carol A. , Guyon Olivier , Hayano Yutaka , Hayashi Masahiko , Hayashi Saeko S. , Henning Thomas , Hodapp Klaus W. , Ishii Miki , Iye Masanori , Janson Markus , Kandori Ryo , Knapp Gillian R. , Kwon Jungmi , Matsuo Taro , Mcelwain Michael W. , Miyama Shoken , Morino Jun-Ichi , Moro-Martin Amaya , Nishimura Tetsuo , Pyo Tae-Soo , Serabyn Eugene , Suenaga Takuya , Suto Hiroshi , Suzuki Ryuji , Takahashi Yasuhiro H. , Takami Michihiro , Takato Naruhisa , Terada Hiroshi , Thalmann Christian , Turner Edwin L. , Watanabe Makoto , Wisniewski John , Yamada Toru , Takami Hideki , Usuda Tomonori , Tamura Motohide
Published: February 2017

We present high-contrast observations of 68 young stellar objects (YSOs) that have been explored as part of the Strategic Exploration of Exoplanets and Disks with Subaru (SEEDS) survey on the Subaru telescope. Our targets are very young (<10 Myr) stars, which often harbor protoplanetary disks where planets may be forming. We achieve a typical contrast of ∼10−4–10−5.5 at an angular distance of 1″ from the central star, corresponding to typical mass sensitivities (assuming hot-start evolutionary models) of ∼10 M
J at 70 au and ∼6 M
J at 140 au. We detected a new stellar companion to HIP 79462 and confirmed the substellar objects GQ Lup b and ROXs 42B b. An additional six companion candidates await follow-up observations to check for common proper motion. Our SEEDS YSO observations probe the population of planets and brown dwarfs at the very youngest ages; these may be compared to the results of surveys targeting somewhat older stars. Our sample and the associated observational results will help enable detailed statistical analyses of giant planet formation.
Exploring the SDSS Data Set with Linked Scatter Plots. I. EMP, CEMP, and CV Stars
Authors: Carbon Duane F. , Henze Christopher , Nelson Bron C.
Published: February 2017

We present the results of a search for extremely metal-poor (EMP), carbon-enhanced metal-poor (CEMP), and cataclysmic variable (CV) stars using a new exploration tool based on linked scatter plots (LSPs). Our approach is especially designed to work with very large spectrum data sets such as the SDSS, LAMOST, RAVE, and Gaia data sets, and it can be applied to stellar, galaxy, and quasar spectra. As a demonstration, we conduct our search using the SDSS DR10 data set. We first created a 3326-dimensional phase space containing nearly 2 billion measures of the strengths of over 1600 spectral features in 569,738 SDSS stars. These measures capture essentially all the stellar atomic and molecular species visible at the resolution of SDSS spectra. We show how LSPs can be used to quickly isolate and examine interesting portions of this phase space. To illustrate, we use LSPs coupled with cuts in selected portions of phase space to extract EMP stars, CEMP stars, and CV stars. We present identifications for 59 previously unrecognized candidate EMP stars and 11 previously unrecognized candidate CEMP stars. We also call attention to 2 candidate He ii emission CV stars found by the LSP approach that have not yet been discussed in the literature.
A Comparison of Two Methods for Estimating Black Hole Spin in Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Capellupo Daniel M. , Wafflard-Fernandez Gaylor , Haggard Daryl
Published: February 2017

Angular momentum, or spin, is a fundamental property of black holes (BHs), yet it is much more difficult to estimate than mass or accretion rate (for actively accreting systems). In recent years, high-quality X-ray observations have allowed for detailed measurements of the Fe Kα emission line, where relativistic line broadening allows constraints on the spin parameter (the X-ray reflection method). Another technique uses accretion disk models to fit the AGN continuum emission (the continuum-fitting, or CF, method). Although each technique has model-dependent uncertainties, these are the best empirical tools currently available and should be vetted in systems where both techniques can be applied. A detailed comparison of the two methods is also useful because neither method can be applied to all AGN. The X-ray reflection technique targets mostly local (z ≲ 0.1) systems, while the CF method can be applied at higher redshift, up to and beyond the peak of AGN activity and growth. Here, we apply the CF method to two AGN with X-ray reflection measurements. For both the high-mass AGN, H1821+643, and the Seyfert 1, NGC 3783, we find a range in spin parameter consistent with the X-ray reflection measurements. However, the near-maximal spin favored by the reflection method for NGC 3783 is more probable if we add a disk wind to the model. Refinement of these techniques, together with improved X-ray measurements and tighter BH mass constraints, will permit this comparison in a larger sample of AGN and increase our confidence in these spin estimation techniques.
Language Representations Based on C-BML and Their Processing
Authors: Dedera Ľubomír , Benčík Marek
Published: February 2017

The paper tries to put together one computer languages view on Battle Management Languages (BMLs) with the current C-BML Phase 1 Standard: We present a case study on creating language representations by means of formal parsable context-free grammars and corresponding language processors in the area of military C2 systems utilizing the standardized C-BML data structures. We point out how techniques and tools previously used in the area of compilers (namely Flex, Bison) are exploitable in the military domain and thus might be helpful in integration of national command and control systems and deployment in multinational environment. We start with an introduction to C-BML principles and data model; next we describe the basis for our (Slovak) language representation followed by its specification in the form of a parsable context-free grammar; next follows the section devoted to the lexical, syntactic, and semantic processing of the language representation with the utilisation of Flex and Bison tools.
Acceptable Risk in Military Bridge Evaluation
Authors: MacDonald Andrew James , Wight R. Gordon , Bartlett F. Michael
Published: February 2017

In military bridge evaluation, acceptable life-safety risk in crossings should be aligned with the acceptable life-safety risk of the associated military operation.  A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk exists for military operations, thus a continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military vehicles crossing bridges exists.  The paper relates military mission life-safety acceptable risk levels to acceptable bridge crossing life-safety risk in an approximate quantitative manner. A continuum of acceptable life-safety risk for military bridge crossings provides flexibility in mission planning and execution, while providing engineers a basis to conduct military bridge evaluation that is consistent with the mission intent.
Adhesive Composites in Repairing Weapon Systems
Authors: Smal T.
Published: February 2017

The article presents the classification and application areas of adhesives while repairing weapon systems, research on adhesive materials’ durability, research on mechanical and strength properties of adhesive composites, research on durability of adhesive composites and methodology of their selection for expedient (temporary) repair in the field. The conducted research indicates certain constraints concerning the application of the examined adhesive materials. Consequently, any repairs provided with the use of adhesives should be in most cases only of temporary nature so that certain damage can be fixed quickly but only for a time of the particular task. It seems that the obtained research results, introduce issues of effective and efficient organization of the mentioned type of repair.
L'Amérique latine dans la globalisation financière : a-t-on appris des crises passées ?
Authors: Dufrénot Gilles
Published: February 2017

Cet article propose une réflexion des politiques monétaires et de change suivies par les pays d’Amérique latine lors des crises financières, qui sont apparues au cours de chaque décennie, depuis le début des années 1980. Il expose ce qu’a impliqué le syndrome que Reinhart expose par « cette fois-ci, les choses sont différentes ». Sont développées notamment les erreurs de diagnostic sur les causes structurelles des crises, les dommages causés par la volonté de maintenir un taux de change fixe par rapport au dollar au moment fort des crises. L’article se penche également sur les problématiques auxquelles les pays font actuellement face : la malédiction des ressources, le dilemme entre appréciation monétaire et bulles financières, les enjeux du ciblage d’inflation. Nous suggérons que les gouvernements ont appris des crises passées, en ancrant davantage les politiques financières sur la réalité de leurs économies : le régime de change n’est plus l’élément guidant la politique de lutte contre l’inflation, les prêts en monnaie locale ont augmenté grâce à l’essor des marchés obligataires domestiques, la politique monétaire est demeurée accommodante au cours de la crise financière de 2008, des accords de swaps entre banques centrales sont conclus pour répondre aux besoins de devises internationales. Classification JEL : E52, F14, F31, F33, F42, O11, O54.
Infirmières issues de minorités visibles et mobilité verticale en milieu hospitalier
Authors: Bouabdillah Naima , Holmes Dave , Tourigny Jocelyne
Published: February 2017

Le Canada a connu un changement important dans sa composition ethnoculturelle au cours des dernières décennies. L’immigration soutenue en provenance de pays non-européens se reflète clairement dans les établissements de santé. Cependant, le nombre d’infirmières issues des minorités visibles (IMV) demeure faible dans les postes de gestion. Cette recherche adoptant l’ethnographie critique et l’approche postcoloniale porte sur les cheminements de carrière des IMV dans les établissements canadiens de soins de santé. Infirmières (n=8, IMV) et gestionnaires (n=4 caucasiennes) ont participé à une série d’entrevues semistructurées afin de recueillir des informations sur la représentativité des IMV dans les postes de gestion. Le cadre théorique sur l’altérité ( Othering ) a été choisi pour orienter ce projet sur le plan méthodique, car il fait le lien avec la « lutte de classement » de Bourdieu. Quatre thèmes principaux étroitement associés aux barrières ont émergé de l’analyse à savoir ; embauche et promotion ; instrumentalisation des IMV ; relations interpersonnelles et souffrances et stratégies défensives. Les résultats montrent que les IMV se heurtent à des obstacles, souvent invisibles, qui contribuent à les maintenir à un niveau inférieur de la hiérarchie institutionnelle, notamment le processus d’embauche et de promotion qu’elles décrivent comme injuste et discriminatoire.
Reflection of university extra-curricular activities of a candidate in employee selection: a descriptive study of HRM related jobs
Authors: Siriwardhana P. N. K. , Weerasinghe T. D.
Published: February 2017

The main purpose of this study was to identify whether there is a significant value given to the graduates who have engaged in university extracurricular activities in the selection process for a Human Resource Management related job. Further, the current study was designed to identify the industry perception about graduates those who have engaged in extracurricular activities, and who did not. This is a cross sectional descriptive research in nature. A standard questionnaire was used to collect the primary data through a survey. The respondents were the professionals who are directly engaging in the selection process selected from 40 private sector organizations in Sri Lanka. Descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test and one-way ANOVA were used to analyze the data and make conclusions. Findings revealed that the private sector organizations significantly believe that graduates who have engaged in university extracurricular activities might have developed more skills, good personal qualities and other relevant employability behaviors than graduates those who haven't engaged. Thought the belief was that, further, it was identified the engagement in extracurricular activities is not a significant reason to get selected for a HR related job in the industry. It was found that the perception regarding undergraduates who have not engaged in extracurricular activities is not varying from industry to industry. But, findings revealed that the perception, and the given due recognition for undergraduates who have engaged in extracurricular activities is industry specific.
Centro tecnológico del calzado en Arnedo. La Rioja
Authors: Rojo y Fernandez-Shaw Arquitectos
Published: February 2017

Integrado en una trama de naves industriales, -caracterizadas por los volúmenes únicos, los cerramientos opacos y las cubiertas inclinadas-, el Centro Tecnológico del Calzado mantiene el volumen y la geometría de las naves pero invirtiendo sus características tipológicas y espaciales. Así, el edificio se entiende como un elemento más de la trama, pero con un significado distinto.
Auditorio de la Esade Business School en Barcelona
Authors: Juan Trias de Bes Arquitecto
Published: February 2017

Los profesores aparcaban en el jardín de la entrada. La escuela, un edifi cio que podría atribuirse al racionalismo italiano de los cincuenta, tenía una marquesina de entrada propia de un hotel construido en la Barcelona de los setenta. La capilla de la planta baja se había adaptado como un aula más, cuyo nombre “Bimbo” respondía a la empresa que había sufragado la reforma. EL aula magna se encontraba en la planta tercera. La cocina se había improvisado en la antigua biblioteca, en donde los comedores habían ido abriéndose paso para proporcionar los verdaderos espacios de relación de la escuela.
Assessment of the aerosol optical depths measured by satellite-based passive remote sensors in the Alberta oil sands region
Authors: Sioris Christopher E. , McLinden Chris A. , Shephard Mark W. , Fioletov Vitali E. , Abboud Ihab
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Several satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) products are assessed in terms of their data quality in the Alberta oil sands region. The instruments consist of MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), POLDER (Polarization and Directionality of Earth Reflectances), MISR (Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer), and AATSR (Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer). The AOD data products are examined in terms of multiplicative and additive biases determined using local Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) (AEROCAN) stations. Correlation with ground-based data is used to assess whether the satellite-based AODs capture day-to-day, month-to-month, and spatial variability. The ability of the satellite AOD products to capture interannual variability is assessed at Albian mine and Shell Muskeg River, two neighbouring sites in the northern mining region where a statistically significant positive trend (2002–2015) in PM2.5 mass density exists. An increasing trend of similar amplitude (∼  5 % year−1) is observed in this northern mining region using some of the satellite AOD products.
The CAMS interim Reanalysis of Carbon Monoxide, Ozone and Aerosol for 2003–2015
Authors: Flemming Johannes , Benedetti Angela , Inness Antje , Engelen Richard J. , Jones Luke , Huijnen Vincent , Remy Samuel , Parrington Mark , Suttie Martin , Bozzo Alessio , Peuch Vincent-Henri , Akritidis Dimitris , Katragkou Eleni
Published: February 2017

Abstract. A new global reanalysis data set of atmospheric composition (AC) for the period 2003–2015 has been produced by the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). Satellite observations of total column (TC) carbon monoxide (CO) and aerosol optical depth (AOD), as well as several TC and profile observations of ozone, have been assimilated with the Integrated Forecasting System for Composition (C-IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting. Compared to the previous Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate (MACC) reanalysis (MACCRA), the new CAMS interim reanalysis (CAMSiRA) is of a coarser horizontal resolution of about 110 km, compared to 80 km, but covers a longer period with the intent to be continued to present day. This paper compares CAMSiRA with MACCRA and a control run experiment (CR) without assimilation of AC retrievals. CAMSiRA has smaller biases than the CR with respect to independent observations of CO, AOD and stratospheric ozone. However, ozone at the surface could not be improved by the assimilation because of the strong impact of surface processes such as dry deposition and titration with nitrogen monoxide (NO), which were both unchanged by the assimilation. The assimilation of AOD led to a global reduction of sea salt and desert dust as well as an exaggerated increase in sulfate. Compared to MACCRA, CAMSiRA had smaller biases for AOD, surface CO and TC ozone as well as for upper stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. Finally, the temporal consistency of CAMSiRA was better than the one of MACCRA. This was achieved by using a revised emission data set as well as by applying careful selection and bias correction to the assimilated retrievals. CAMSiRA is therefore better suited than MACCRA for the study of interannual variability, as demonstrated for trends in surface CO.
Automation and Heat Transfer Characterization of Immersion
Mode Spectroscopy for Analysis of Ice Nucleating Particles
Authors: Beall Charlotte M. , Stokes M. Dale , Hill Thomas C. , DeMott Paul J. , DeWald Jesse T. , Prather Kimberly A.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Ice nucleating particles (INPs) influence cloud properties and can affect the overall precipitation efficiency. Developing a parameterization of INPs in global climate models has proven challenging. More INP measurements, including studies of their spatial distribution, sources and sinks, and fundamental freezing mechanisms, must be conducted in order to further improve INP parameterizations. In this paper, an immersion mode INP measurement technique is modified and automated using a software-controlled, real-time image stream designed to leverage optical changes of water droplets to detect freezing events. For the first time, heat transfer properties of the INP measurement technique are characterized using a finite-element analysis based heat transfer simulation to improve accuracy of INP freezing temperature measurement. The heat transfer simulation is proposed as a tool that could be used to explain the sources of bias in temperature measurements in INP measurement techniques, and ultimately explain the observed discrepancies in measured INP freezing temperatures between different instruments. The simulation results show that a difference of +5.6 °C between the well base temperature and the headspace gas results in an up to 3 °C stratification of the aliquot, whereas a difference of +3.0 °C or less results in a thermally homogenous water volume within ±0.05 °C. The results also show that there is a strong temperature gradient in the immediate vicinity of the aliquot, such that without careful placement of temperature probes, or characterization of heat transfer properties of the water and cooling environment, INP measurements can be biased toward colder temperatures. Using the modified immersion mode technique, the Automated Ice Spectrometer (AIS), measurements of the standard test dust illite NX are reported and compared against 5 other immersion mode droplet assay techniques featured in (Hiranuma et al. 2015) that used wet suspensions. AIS measurements of illite NX INP freezing temperatures compare reasonably with others, falling within the 5 ºC spread in reported spectra. The AIS and its characterization of heat transfer properties allows higher confidence in accuracy of freezing temperature measurement, higher throughput of sample analysis, and enables disentanglement of the effects of heat transfer rates on sample volumes from time dependence of ice nucleation.
Evaluating environmental drivers of spatial variability in free-living nematode assemblages along the Portuguese margin
Authors: Lins Lidia , Leliaert Frederik , Riehl Torben , Pinto Ramalho Sofia , Alfaro Cordova Eliana , Morgado Esteves André , Vanreusel Ann
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Understanding processes responsible for shaping biodiversity patterns on continental margins is an important requirement for comprehending anthropogenic impacts in these environments and further management of biodiversity. Continental margins perform crucial functions linked to key ecological processes which are mainly structured by surface primary productivity and particulate organic matter flux to the seafloor, but also by heterogeneity in seafloor characteristics. However, to what extent these processes control local and regional biodiversity remains unclear. In this study, two isobathic parallel transects located at the shelf break (300–400 m) and upper slope (1000 m) of the western Iberian margin were used to test how food input and sediment heterogeneity affect nematode diversity independently from the spatial factors geographical distance and water depth. We also examined the potential role of connectedness between both depth transects through molecular phylogenetic analyses. Regional generic diversity and turnover were investigated at three levels: within a station, between stations from the same depth transect, and between transects. High variability in food availability and high sediment heterogeneity at the shelf-break transect were directly linked to high diversity within stations and higher variation in community structure across stations compared to the upper slope transect. Contrastingly, environmental factors (food availability and sediment) did not vary significantly between stations located at the upper slope, and this lack of differences were also reflected in a low community turnover between these deeper stations. Finally, differences in nematode communities between both transects were more pronounced than differences within each of the isobathic transects, but these changes were paralleled by the previously mentioned environmental changes. These results suggest that changes in community structure are mainly dictated by environmental factors rather than spatial differences at the western Iberian margin. Furthermore, phylogenetic relationships revealed no evidence for depth-endemic lineages, indicating regular species interchanges across different depths.
Regional and seasonal truncation errors of trajectory calculations
using ECMWF high-resolution operational analyses and forecasts
Authors: Rößler Thomas , Stein Olaf , Heng Yi , Hoffmann Lars
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Lagrangian particle dispersion models (LPDMs) are indispensable tools to study atmospheric transport processes. The accuracy of trajectory calculations, which form an essential part of LPDM simulations, depends on various factors. Here we focus on truncation errors that originate from the use of numerical integration schemes to solve the kinematic equation of motion. The optimization of numerical integration schemes to minimize truncation errors and to maximize computational speed is of great interest regarding the computational efficiency of large-scale LPDM simulations. In this study we analyzed truncation errors of six explicit integration schemes of the Runge Kutta family, which we implemented in the Massive-Parallel Trajectory Calculations (MPTRAC) model. The simulations were driven by wind fields of the latest operational analysis and forecasts of the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) at T1279L137 spatial resolution and 3 h temporal sampling. We defined separate test cases for 15 distinct domains of the atmosphere, covering the polar regions, the mid-latitudes, and the tropics in the free troposphere, in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UT/LS) region, and in the lower and mid stratosphere. For each domain we performed simulations for the months of January, April, July, and October for the years of 2014 and 2015. In total more than 5000 different transport simulations were performed. We quantified the accuracy of the trajectories by calculating transport deviations with respect to reference simulations using a 4th-order Runge-Kutta integration scheme with a sufficiently fine time step. We assessed the transport deviations with respect to error limits based on turbulent diffusion. Independent of the numerical scheme, the truncation errors vary significantly between the different domains and seasons. Especially the differences in altitude stand out. Horizontal transport deviations in the stratosphere are typically an order of magnitude smaller compared with the free troposphere. We found that the truncation errors of the six numerical schemes fall into three distinct groups, which mostly depend on the numerical order of the scheme. Schemes of the same order differ little in accuracy, but some methods need less computational time, which gives them an advantage in efficiency. The selection of the integration scheme and the appropriate time step should possibly take into account the typical altitude ranges as well as the total length of the simulations to achieve the most efficient simulations. However, trying to generalize, we recommend the 3rd-order Runge Kutta method with a time step of 170 s or the midpoint scheme with a time step of 100 s for efficient simulations of up to 10 days time based on ECMWF's high-resolution meteorological data.
Using street view imagery for 3D survey of rock slope failures
Authors: Voumard Jérémie , Abellan Antonio , Nicolet Pierrick , Chanut Marie-Aurélie , Derron Marc-Henri , Jaboyedoff Michel
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We discuss here the challenges and limitations on surveying rock slope failures using 3D reconstruction from images acquired from Street View Imagery (SVI) and processed with modern photogrammetric workflows. We show how the back in time function can be used for a 3D reconstruction of two or more image sets from the same site but at different instants of time, allowing for rock slope surveying. Three sites in the French alps were selected: (a) a cliff beside a road where a protective wall collapsed consisting on two images sets (60 and 50 images on each set) captured on a six years timeframe; (b) a large-scale active landslide located on a slope at 250 m from the road, using seven images sets (50 to 80 images per set) from five different time periods with three images sets for one period; (c) a cliff over a tunnel which has collapsed, using three images sets on a six years time-frame. The analysis includes the use of different commercially available Structure for Motion (SfM) programs and comparison between the so-extracted photogrammetric point clouds and a LiDAR derived mesh used as a ground truth. As a result, both landslide deformation together with estimation of fallen volumes were clearly identified in the point clouds. Results are site and software-dependent, as a function of the image set and number of images, with model accuracies ranging between 0.1 and 3.1 m in the best and worst scenario, respectively. Despite some clear limitations and challenges, this manuscript demonstrates that this original approach might allow obtaining preliminary 3D models of an area without on-field images. Furthermore, the pre-failure topography can be obtained for sites where it would not be available otherwise.
A simple method for retrieving significant wave height from Dopplerized X-band radar
Authors: Carrasco Ruben , Streßer Michael , Horstmann Jochen
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Retrieving spectral wave parameters such as the peak wave direction and wave period from marine radar backscatter intensity is very well developed. However, the retrieval of significant wave height is difficult because the radar image spectrum (a backscatter intensity variance spectrum) has to be transferred to a wave spectrum (a surface elevation variance spectrum) using a modulation transfer function (MTF) which requires extensive calibration for each individual radar setup. In contrast to the backscatter intensity, the Doppler velocity measured by a coherent radar is induced by the radial velocity (or line-of-sight velocity) of the surface scattering and its periodic component is mainly the contribution of surface waves. Therefore, the variance of the Doppler velocity can be utilized to retrieve the significant wave height. Analyzing approximately 100 days of Doppler velocity measurements of a coherent-on-receive radar operating at X-band with vertical polarization in transmit and receive, a simple relation was derived and validated to retrieve significant wave heights. Comparison to wave measurements of a wave rider buoy as well as an acoustic wave and current profiler resulted in a root mean square error of 0.24 m with a bias of 0.08 m. Furthermore, the different sources of error are discussed and investigated.
Determination of critical pH and Al concentration of acidic Ultisols for wheat and canola crops
Authors: Baquy M. Abdulaha-Al , Li Jiu-Yu , Xu Chen-Yang , Mehmood Khalid , Xu Ren-Kou
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Soil acidity has become a principal constraint in dry land crop production systems of acidic Ultisols in tropical and subtropical regions of southern China, where winter wheat and canola are cultivated as important rotational crops. There is little information on the determination of critical soil pH as well as aluminium (Al) concentration for wheat and canola crops. The objective of this study is to determine the critical soil pH and exchangeable aluminium concentration (AlKCl) for wheat and canola production. Two pot cultures with two Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui (SE China) were conducted for wheat and canola crops in a controlled growth chamber. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) and hydrated lime (Ca(OH)2) were used to obtain the target soil pH levels from 3.7 (Hunan) and 3.97 (Anhui) to 6.5. Plant height, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and chlorophyll content (SPAD value) of wheat and canola were adversely affected by soil acidity in both locations. The critical soil pH and AlKCl of the Ultisol from Hunan for wheat were 5.29 and 0.56 cmol kg−1, respectively. At Anhui, the threshold soil pH and AlKCl for wheat were 4.66 and 1.72 cmol kg−1, respectively. On the other hand, the critical soil pH for canola was 5.65 and 4.87 for the Ultisols from Hunan and Anhui, respectively. The critical soil exchangeable Al for canola cannot be determined from the experiment of this study. The results suggested that the critical soil pH and AlKCl varied between different locations for the same variety of crop, due to the different soil types and their other soil chemical properties. The critical soil pH for canola was higher than that for wheat for both Ultisols, and thus canola was more sensitive to soil acidity. Therefore, we recommend that liming should be undertaken to increase soil pH if it falls below these critical soil pH levels for wheat and canola production.
La localización sectorial del cooperativismo: una aproximación a nivel territorial español
Authors: Pérez González Mª del Carmen , Valiente Palma Lidia
Published: February 2017

La posibilidad de cambiar los modelos de desarrollo socioeconómicos hacia otros más sostenibles y responsables está siendo planteada tanto por parte de investigadores como de diferentes instituciones, con una importancia que se ha visto incrementada a partir de la última crisis. En este escenario, la economía social se presenta como una oportunidad de cambio y de contribución a estos nuevos modelos, dado los principios y valores que la definen y sobre los que basa su funcionamiento; por ello, es relevante la aplicación de políticas y estrategias encaminadas a desarrollar este sector empresarial, con particularidades muy significativas. Sin embargo, es necesario considerar los recursos o especificidades y potencialidades de cada ámbito territorial. En esta línea, en el presente trabajo, se ha diseñado un indicador que permite identificar en qué sectores económicos y territorios destaca la economía social, -específicamente referido a las cooperativas por ser sus entidades más representativas en España-, y si su papel es diferente del resto del tejido empresarial, aspecto a considerar a la hora de promover sus organizaciones y elemento clave para determinar medidas y políticas socioeconómicas que contribuyan a la mejora de los sistemas productivos locales, con mayor garantía de resultados. Dicho indicador -peso del cooperativismo ()- obtenido a partir de los coeficientes de localización sectorial respecto a la variable empleo -de las sociedades cooperativas y de la economía en general-, se ha aplicado al año 2013, con el objeto de determinar la importancia o el peso sectorial del cooperativismo en relación a la economía general en las diferentes comunidades autónomas españolas. Entre los resultados obtenidos puede destacarse la importancia relativa del cooperativismo en determinados sectores y regiones que, a priori, no presentaban indicios sobre esta relevancia, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de análisis profundos sobre el comportamiento del sector en los diferentes ámbitos territoriales.
Charter Schools and Mathematics Achievement in the State of Georgia
Authors: Mooring Raymond D.
Published: February 2017

This study uses hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) and factorial analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to investigate the relationship between a school’s charter status and Math achievement. After accounting for school gender and ethnicity effects, charter school status is associated with Math achievement. Specifically, the initial status of Math achievement varies depending on ethnicity and gender, but the growth rate does not. Furthermore, district characteristics help to explain the charter school effect on Math achievement. Charter schools outperform traditional public schools when they receive an average amount of instructional funds. To this end, the charter gap in Math achievement decreases over time in districts that spend on instruction and have a substantial amount of minorities. When compared to traditional public schools with similar characteristics, charter schools with high percentages of Black students and/or low percentages of females outperformed their matched traditional public school counterparts.
Perception of Scenes in Different Sensory Modalities: A Result of Modal Completion
Authors: Gruber Ronald P. , Block Richard A.
Published: February 2017

Dynamic perception includes amodal and modal completion, along with apparent movement. It fills temporal gaps for single objects. In 2 experiments, using 6 stimulus presentation conditions involving 3 sensory modalities, participants experienced 8–10 sequential stimuli (200 ms each) with interstimulus intervals (ISIs) of 0.25–7.0 s. Experiments focused on spatiotemporal completion (walking), featural completion (object changing), auditory completion (falling bomb), and haptic changes (insect crawling). After each trial, participants judged whether they experienced the process of “happening” or whether they simply knew that the process must have occurred. The phenomenon was frequency independent, being reported at short ISIs but not at long ISIs. The phenomenon involves dynamic modal completion and possibly also conceptual processes.
Feature-to-Feature Inference Under Conditions of Cue Restriction and Dimensional Correlation
Authors: Lancaster Matthew E. , Homa Donald
Published: February 2017

The present study explored feature-to-feature and label-to-feature inference in a category task for different category structures. In the correlated condition, each of the 4 dimensions comprising the category was positively correlated to each other and to the category label. In the uncorrelated condition, no correlation existed between the 4 dimensions comprising the category, although the dimension to category label correlation matched that of the correlated condition. After learning, participants made inference judgments of a missing feature, given 1, 2, or 3 feature cues; on half the trials, the category label was also included as a cue. The results showed superior inference of features following training on the correlated structure, with accurate inference when only a single feature was presented. In contrast, a single-feature cue resulted in chance levels of inference for the uncorrelated structure. Feature inference systematically improved with number of cues after training on the correlated structure. Surprisingly, a similar outcome was obtained for the uncorrelated structure, an outcome that must have reflected mediation via the category label. A descriptive model is briefly introduced to explain the results, with a suggestion that this paradigm might be profitably extended to hierarchical structures where the levels of feature-to-feature inference might vary with the depth of the hierarchy.
Knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions on genetically modified mosquitoes: Case for sterile mosquito release in Grenada
Authors: Ghodasara Anjali , Deliso Marisa , Bidaisee Satesh
Published: February 2017

This study assessed knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of various stakeholders in Grenada regarding genetically modified organisms and the release of genetically modified mosquitoes. The study adopted a cross sectional design with a study population that comprised of members from seven stakeholder groups of civil society in Grenada. The sample population was obtained through a snowballing strategy and data collection for the study consisted of a semi-structured interview. Data was managed through the collection and reviewing of data from transcribed interview notes, as well as observations and interpretations made during the field collection. Interview recordings were analyzed to identify emerging themes. These themes were ranked according to the frequency with which they appeared, and main concepts identified by linking related themes. Most groups supported the use of genetically modified mosquitoes against Zika, but there were several varying concerns, including environmental worries and the impact of these organisms on humans. Many questioned the characteristics of Zika itself, and some believed Zika is a man-made virus created in a lab. Others doubted the link of Zika virus to microcephaly and other birth defects, and some were unsure if Zika virus is transmitted by mosquitoes. There is a wide range of differing knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions towards genetically modifying technology in general and towards mosquitoes in response to Zika.
Understanding Faculty Collaboration and Productivity: A Case Study
Authors: Yu Chung-Yen , Chuang Yung-Ting , Kuan Hsi-Peng
Published: February 2017

Research productivity has been always an important part of every academic’s job, since it has a profound effect on faculty promotion and tenure decisions. In addition, some scholars believe that co-authorship between faculty members has a great impact on their academic life and faculty advancement. Since 2005, the Ministry of Education of Taiwan (MOE) has developed two university programs and evaluation policies for improving the competitiveness and internationalization of Taiwan universities, and has clearly stated that there is a strong relationship between faculty promotion and research performance. However, none of them has used social network analysis (SNA) to examine research productivity and co-authorship under two university programs and evaluation policies from MOE in Taiwan. Therefore, in this study, we first uses SNA to analyze the research productivity, collaboration patterns, and publication strategies of faculty members in a Management Information Systems (MIS) department at a national university in Taiwan. Then, we used D3, a well-known drawing tool to create data visualization using JavaScript libraries, to visualize and discuss how these two university programs and evaluation policies from the MOE affected these patterns and strategies. We hope that our study not only provides beneficial information to the MIS department, but can be treated as an important source for MOE committees in their future adjustment of university programs and policies.
Phonetic Matching, Semanticized Phonetic Matching and Phono-Semantic Matching as Techniques in Keyword Selection
Authors: Chen Yan
Published: February 2017

In foreign language vocabulary learning, the keyword method is among the most widely researched mnemonics and has been proved effective by numerous empirical studies. To use the keyword method, a keyword in the native language must be selected for the creation of an image or a sentence of the keyword “interacting” with the target word in the foreign language, thus facilitating retention and retrieval of the target word. In an attempt to contribute to successful application of the keyword method, this paper outlines three techniques in keyword selection, i.e., phonetic matching, semanticized phonetic matching, and phono-semantic matching, by mainly drawing on example pairs from Chinese and English. The phonetic and semantic links between keyword and target word pairs derived through each technique are analysed, and possible pitfalls are addressed as well.
Translating Culture-specific Elements in Names in Hong Lou Meng: A Comparison of The Story of the Stone and The Dream of Red Mansion
Authors: Wang Ting , Liu Jiafeng
Published: February 2017

The names of the characters in Hong Lou Meng, crafted to indicate both the development of the storyline and the characteristics of the characters, contain abundant culture-specific elements, which make them difficult to render into English. On the basis of a systematic study on the original work and its two unabridged translations of Hong Lou Meng, the culture-specific elements in the original names are categorized into the following three: Chinese naming, Chinese family hierarchy and Chinese Character. Three strategies on compensation for the lost culture-specific elements are found to be employed at different levels in the two translations, including on-line compensation, off-line compensation and zero compensation. The strategy of on-line compensation involves semantic translation plus transliteration and annotation in text. Off-line compensation includes note of Chinese spelling, annotation out of text, interpretation of characters’ names in introduction, note ofcharacters’ names in appendix, introduction of characters in appendix and dendrogram of genealogy; Zero compensation includes transliteration, omission, transfer, substitution and literal translation.
Identity Transplantation: A Psychoanalysis of “Puppetness” in the Novel of Sabbath’s Theater
Authors: Yang Zheng
Published: February 2017

Set against the backdrop of the lower class in America, the novel Sabbath’s Theater, which can be interpreted as a “memory’s museum of earthly blight” (Roth, 1996, p. 353), unveils a panorama of how an innocent and ingenuous boy degenerates into a dissolute and lascivious puppeteer. Mickey Sabbath, the protagonist of the novel, is described as a decadent libertine whose lustful cupidity does not subdue in the wake of his ongoing senility. Working as a puppeteer, Sabbath shrewdly turns his fingers into a pragmatic tool of subsistence and more sardonically, a licentious hook of sexuality. He epitomizes every desperate and listless loser who languishes in a dilemma between life and death. However, the law of nature has no mercy for the defeated. Like “one of billions who has grown old, ugly and embittered” (Roth, 1996, p. 143), Sabbath, at the age of sixty four, is confronted with a battery of crises—he becomes “wifeless, mistressless, penniless, vocationless and homeless” (Roth, 1996, p. 142). Enveloped in desperation and fatalism, Sabbath sets foot upon a journey toward the ultimate destination of death, during which he recalls his “motherless” childhood, his disillusioned adolescence, his youthful debauchery in whorehouses, and his irrevocable self-abandonment to puppets and women. Philip Roth compares puppetry into a “faultlessly rendered duet” (Roth, 1996, p. 438), shedding light on the cohesive juxtaposition of two divergent identities in a puppet show. This research focuses on why and how Mickey Sabbath’s outrageous abuse of identity transplantation becomes a scourge of his perversion. The concept of “puppetness” is introduced in this paper to account for the quasi-human attributes of puppets and the trinity relationship among puppets, puppeteers, and audiences. The distinctive power of puppets in emotional appeal makes them a soul-stirring agent that mediate through performers and audiences. Psychoanalysis is expected to be an optimal theory to approach to “puppetness” in this empathetic scenario.