bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hydrolyzed Collagen Combined with Djulis and Green Caviar Improve Skin Condition: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Chang Hui-Chun , Lin Yung-Kai , Lin Yung-Hao , Lin Yung-Hsiang , Hu Wei-Chun , Chiang Chi-Fu
Published: September 2021

Aging is a natural process that will cause physiological changes in organs. The effects of djulis and green caviar in skincare are currently unclear. This study combined hydrolyzed collagen with djulis and green caviar to develop new functional formulas that improve skin parameters. Fifty subjects were randomly assigned and divided into a placebo group (n=25) and a collagen drink group (n=25), and gave 50 ml of collagen of a collagen drink or placebo drink daily for 28 days, and we examined skin moisture, elasticity, gloss, spot, wrinkle, roughness, smoothness, pore, collagen and erythema. We find that intake of collagen drinks group improved skin parameters at 14 days and 28 days compared with baseline (0 day). The collagen drinks group improved skin parameters at 28 days compared with the placebo group. This clinical study proved the combination of collagen with djulis and green caviar for the substantial improvements in moisture, elasticity, gloss, spot, wrinkle, roughness, smoothness, pore, collagen, and erythema in the skin.
Thermal Kinetics of Gamma–Aminobutyric Acid and Antioxidant Activity in Germinated Red Jasmine Rice Milk using Arrhenius, Eyring-Polanyi and Ball Models
Authors: Jirasatid Sani , Nopharatana Montira
Published: September 2021

The thermal kinetics of changes of –aminobutyric acid (GABA) and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay) in germinated red jasmine rice milk (GRJM) at heating temperatures of 80, 90, 100 and 121C using Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models was examined in this study. Under isothermal conditions, the increasing of heating temperature from 80C to 121C resulted in the decreasing of GABA. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity increased under temperature range of 80–100C, but decreased at 121C. The highest residue of GABA was 94% after heating at 80C for 30 min, while the highest increasing of DPPH radical scavenging activity was 230% at 90C for 30 min. Thermal degradation of GABA followed a second–order reaction kinetic, while the increasing of antioxidant activity (80–100C) followed a first–order kinetic as well as the degradation of antioxidant activity (121C). The heating temperature dependence of rate constant for degradation of GABA and increasing of antioxidant activity were described by Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models. Following the Arrhenius law, activation energies were 59.62 kJ/mol and 30.31 kJ/mol, respectively for degradation of GABA (80–121C) and increasing of antioxidant activity in GRJM (80–100C). Arrhenius, Eyring–Polanyi and Ball models could be used to predict accurately GABA content and antioxidant activity in GRJM during isothermal heat treatment.
A clinical update on hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome during pregnancy, birth and beyond
Authors: Pezaro Sally , Pearce Gemma , Reinhold Emma
Published: September 2021

New estimates suggest that cases of hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) along with the related hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) affect approximately 1 in 20 pregnancies globally per year. As such, cases in maternity services should no longer be considered rare, only rarely diagnosed. These conditions can impact upon childbearing in different ways, yet healthcare professionals are often perceived to be lacking in awareness. This article updates and builds upon a previous international review of maternity care considerations for those childbearing with hEDS/HSD. Findings point to a need for individualised care planning in partnership with parents as part of a multidisciplinary approach. As our knowledge of these conditions has developed significantly in recent years, new research insights could usefully be embedded in staff and student education. As a first step, www.hEDSTogether.com has been launched hosting a freely downloadable EDS Maternity tool for use in practice, along with an i-learn module hosted by the Royal College of Midwives.
Take a step back
Authors: Cummings Ellen
Published: September 2021

Ellen Cummings discusses the conversation surrounding mental health
Saving time on social media
Authors: Woodward Hazel
Published: September 2021

Hazel Woodward provides a guide for the busy dental nurse
Tibiofemoral contact and alignment in patients with anterior cruciate ligament rupture treated nonoperatively versus reconstruction
Authors: Stockton David J. , Schmidt Andrew M. , Yung Andrew , Desrochers Jane , Zhang Honglin , Masri Bassam A. , Wilson David R.
Published: September 2021

Aims

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture commonly leads to post-traumatic osteoarthritis, regardless of surgical reconstruction. This study uses standing MRI to investigate changes in contact area, contact centroid location, and tibiofemoral alignment between ACL-injured knees and healthy controls, to examine the effect of ACL reconstruction on these parameters.

Methods

An upright, open MRI was used to directly measure tibiofemoral contact area, centroid location, and alignment in 18 individuals with unilateral ACL rupture within the last five years. Eight participants had been treated nonoperatively and ten had ACL reconstruction performed within one year of injury. All participants were high-functioning and had returned to sport or recreational activities. Healthy contralateral knees served as controls. Participants were imaged in a standing posture with knees fully extended.

Results

Participants’ mean age was 28.4 years (SD 7.3), the mean time since injury was 2.7 years (SD 1.6), and the mean International Knee Documentation Subjective Knee Form score was 84.4 (SD 13.5). ACL injury was associated with a 10% increase (p = 0.001) in contact area, controlling for compartment, sex, posture, age, body mass, and time since injury. ACL injury was associated with a 5.2% more posteriorly translated medial centroid (p = 0.001), equivalent to a 2.6 mm posterior translation on a representative tibia with mean posteroanterior width of 49.4 mm. Relative to the femur, the tibiae of ACL ruptured knees were 2.3 mm more anteriorly translated (p = 0.003) and 2.6° less externally rotated (p = 0.010) than healthy controls. ACL reconstruction was not associated with an improvement in any measure.

Conclusion

ACL rupture was associated with an increased contact area, posteriorly translated medial centroid, anterior tibial translation, and reduced tibial external rotation in full extension. These changes were present 2.7 years post-injury regardless of ACL reconstruction status. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1505–1513.
Long-term core outcomes in cauda equina syndrome
Authors: Barker Thomas Patrick , Steele Nick , Swamy Girish , Cook Andrew , Rai Am , Crawford Robert , Lutchman Lennel
Published: September 2021

Aims

Cauda equina syndrome (CES) can be associated with chronic severe lower back pain and long-term autonomic dysfunction. This study assesses the recently defined core outcome set for CES in a cohort of patients using validated questionnaires.

Methods

Between January 2005 and December 2019, 82 patients underwent surgical decompression for acute CES secondary to massive lumbar disc prolapse at our hospital. After review of their records, patients were included if they presented with the clinical and radiological features of CES, then classified as CES incomplete (CESI) or with painless urinary retention (CESR) in accordance with guidelines published by the British Association of Spinal Surgeons. Patients provided written consent and completed a series of questionnaires.

Results

In total, 61 of 82 patients returned a completed survey. Their mean age at presentation was 43 years (20 to 77; SD 12.7), and the mean duration of follow-up 58.2 months (11 to 182; SD 45.3). Autonomic dysfunction was frequent: 33% of patients reported bladder dysfunction, and 10% required a urinary catheter. There was a 38% and 53% incidence of bowel and sexual dysfunction, respectively: 47% of patients reported genital numbness. A total of 67% reported significant back pain: 44% required further investigation and 10% further intervention for the management of lower back pain. Quality of life was lower than expected when corrected for age and sex. Half the patients reported moderate or worse depression, and 40% of patients of working age could no longer work due to problems attributable to CES. Urinary and faecal incontinence, catheter use, sexual dysfunction, and genital numbness were significantly more common in patients with CESR.

Conclusion

This study reports the long-term outcome of patients with CES and is the first to use validated patient-reported outcome measures to assess the CES Core Outcome Set. Persistent severe back pain and on-going autonomic dysfunction were frequently reported at a mean follow-up of five years. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1464–1471.
Preoperative T2 mapping MRI of articular cartilage values predicts postoperative osteoarthritis progression following rotational acetabular osteotomy
Authors: Shoji Takeshi , Saka Hideki , Inoue Tadashi , Kato Yuichi , Fujiwara Yusuke , Yamasaki Takuma , Yasunaga Yuji , Adachi Nobuo
Published: September 2021

Aims

Rotational acetabular osteotomy (RAO) has been reported to be effective in improving symptoms and preventing osteoarthritis (OA) progression in patients with mild to severe develomental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). However, some patients develop secondary OA even when the preoperative joint space is normal; determining who will progress to OA is difficult. We evaluated whether the preoperative cartilage condition may predict OA progression following surgery using T2 mapping MRI.

Methods

We reviewed 61 hips with early-stage OA in 61 patients who underwent RAO for DDH. They underwent preoperative and five-year postoperative radiological analysis of the hip. Those with a joint space narrowing of more than 1 mm were considered to have 'OA progression'. Preoperative assessment of articular cartilage was also performed using 3T MRI with the T2 mapping technique. The region of interest was defined as the weightbearing portion of the acetabulum and femoral head.

Results

There were 16 patients with postoperative OA progression. The T2 values of the centre to the anterolateral region of the acetabulum and femoral head in the OA progression cases were significantly higher than those in patients without OA progression. The preoperative T2 values in those regions were positively correlated with the narrowed joint space width. The receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed that the T2 value of the central portion in the acetabulum provided excellent discrimination, with OA progression patients having an area under the curve of 0.858. Furthermore, logistic regression analysis showed T2 values of the centre to the acetabulum’s anterolateral portion as independent predictors of subsequent OA progression (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

This was the first study to evaluate the relationship between intra-articular degeneration using T2 mapping MRI and postoperative OA progression. Our findings suggest that preoperative T2 values of the hip can be better prognostic factors for OA progression than radiological measures following RAO. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2021;103-B(9):1472–1478.
Freeform surface for light shaping by iterative design via Fourier domain
Authors: Badar Irfan , Yang Liangxin , Hellmann Christian , Wyrowski Frank
Published: September 2021

We extend our previous work [Yang et al., Opt. Express 29, 3621 (2021)10.1364/OE.415649] and propose an iterative algorithm to design a freeform surface for far-field light shaping. The algorithm alternately performs a wavefront phase design step and a freeform surface construction step. The smooth wavefront phase is designed by the mapping-type Fourier pair synthesis method, and the freeform surface is constructed by using the obtained wavefront phase. The algorithm provides a solid approach that ensures the introduction of the required wavefront phase manipulation for light shaping. Moreover, the related physical effects such as the Fresnel effect and polarization effect are included in the algorithm. We demonstrate the flexibility of the algorithm by examples.
Character matters: The network structure of leader character and its relation to follower positive outcomes
Authors: Monzani Lucas , Seijts Gerard H. , Crossan Mary M.
Published: September 2021

We investigated the relationship between self-ratings of leader character and follower positive outcomes—namely, subjective well-being, resilience, organizational commitment, and work engagement—in a public-sector organization using a time-lagged cross-sectional design involving 188 leader—follower dyads and 22 offices. Our study is an important step forward in the conceptual development of leader character and the application of character to enhance workplace practices. We combined confirmatory factor analysis and network-based analysis to determine the factorial and network structure of leader character. The findings revealed that a model of 11 inter-correlated leader character dimensions fit the data better than a single-factor model. Further, judgment appeared as the most central dimension in a network comprising the 11 character dimensions. Moreover, in a larger network of partial correlations, two ties acted as bridges that link leader character to follower positive outcomes: judgment and drive. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
Who is to blame for COVID-19? Examining politicized fear and health behavior through a mixed methods study in the United States
Authors: Hardy Lisa J. , Mana Adi , Mundell Leah , Neuman Moran , Benheim Sharón , Otenyo Eric
Published: September 2021

Background

Political ideologies drove public actions and health behaviors in the first year of the global pandemic. Different ideas about contagion, health behaviors, and the actions of governing bodies impacted the spread of the virus and health and life. Researchers used an immediate, mixed methods design to explore sociocultural responses to the virus and identified differences and similarities in anxiety, fear, blame, and perceptions of nation across political divides.

Methods

Researchers conducted 60 in-depth, semi-structured interviews and administered over 1,000 questionnaires with people living in the United States. The team analyzed data through an exploratory and confirmatory sequential mixed methods design.

Results

In the first months of the pandemic interviewees cited economic inequality, untrustworthy corporations and other entities, and the federal government as threats to life and pandemic control. Participants invoked ideas about others to determine blame. Findings reveal heavy associations between lack of safety during a public health crisis and blame of “culture” and government power across the political spectrum.

Conclusion

Data indicate anxiety across political differences related to ideas of contagion and the maleficence of a powerful elite. Findings on how people understand the nation, politics, and pandemic management contribute to understanding dimensions of health behaviors and underlying connections between anxiety and the uptake of conspiracy theories in public health. The article ends with recommendations drawn from project findings for future pandemic response.
Plant strategies for maximizing growth during water stress and subsequent recovery in Solanum melongena L. (eggplant)
Authors: Delfin Evelyn F. , Drobnitch Sarah Tepler , Comas Louise H.
Published: September 2021

Climate change is projected to increase the incidence of severe drought in many regions, potentially requiring selection for different traits in crop species to maintain productivity under water stress. In this study, we identified a suite of hydraulic traits associated with high productivity under water stress in four genotypes ofS.melongenaL. We also assessed the potential for recovery of this suite of traits from drought stress after re-watering. We observed that two genotypes, PHL 4841 and PHL 2778, quickly grew into large plants with smaller, thicker leaves and increasingly poor hydraulic status (a water-spender strategy), whereas PHL 2789 and Mara maintained safer water status and larger leaves but sacrificed large gains in biomass (a water-saver strategy). The best performing genotype under water stress, PHL 2778, additionally showed a significant increase in root biomass allocation relative to other genotypes. Biomass traits of all genotypes were negatively impacted by water deficit and remained impaired after a week of recovery; however, physiological traits such as electron transport capacity of photosystem II, and proportional allocation to root biomass and fine root length, and leaf area recovered after one week, indicating a strong capacity for eggplant to rebound from short-term deficits via recovery of physiological activity and allocation to resource acquiring tissues. These traits should be considered in selection and breeding of eggplant hybrids for future agricultural outlooks.
Does investment in palm oil trade alleviate smallholders from poverty in Africa? Investigating profitability from a biodiversity hotspot, Cameroon
Authors: Ayompe Lacour M. , Nkongho Raymond N. , Masso Cargele , Egoh Benis N.
Published: September 2021

In this study we investigate whether the increasing investment in smallholder oil palm plantations that contributes to deforestation is motivated by financial gains or other factors. We evaluate the financial viability of smallholder farmers selling fresh fruit bunches (FFBs) to intermediaries or agro-industrial companies with mills, or processing the FFBs in artisanal mills to produce palm oil. We use data collected in four oil palm production basins in Cameroon and carried out a life cycle assessment of oil palm cultivation and CPO production to understand financial gains. We use payback period (PBP), internal rate of return (IRR), benefit cost ratio (BCR) and net present value (NPV) for 1 ha of oil palm plantation over 28 years at a base discount rate of 8% to asses viability. Our results show that smallholders make more money processing their FFBs in artisanal mills to produce CPO than selling FFBs to intermediaries or agro-industrial companies with mills. The sensitivity analysis show that land ownership is the single most important parameter in the profitability of investment in palm oil cultivation and trade. In addition to land cost, smallholders suffer from borrowing at high interest rates, high field management costs, while recording low on-farm FFB/processing yields. To improve the financial viability of smallholders investing in oil palm cultivation, measures are needed to encourage them to access land, get loans at reduced interest rates, reduce the cost of field management, adopt good agricultural practices to improve on-farm FFB/processing yields, as well as to generate additional revenue from the sale of other products.
Satisfaction and health-related quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique
Authors: Widodo Dini Widiarni , Mars Robert , Suwento Ronny , Alviandi Widayat , Oriza Imelda Ika Dian , Bardosono Saptawati
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the functional outcomes, satisfaction, and quality of life of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery.

Methods

This cross-sectional study was conducted using retrospective data of patients with microtia following reconstructive surgery using the Nagata technique. Data were obtained from the medical records of patients who underwent reconstructive surgery at the Division of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital between 2014 and 2018. All eligible patients were referred to participate in this study between November 2018 and March 2019. The hearing function was assessed by a professional audiologist after surgery. Patient satisfaction was evaluated by interview using a previously developed questionnaire, while quality of life was assessed using the EuroQol-5D-Young questionnaire.

Results

Thirty-one eligible subjects were included in the study. Pain and discomfort were the most commonly reported factors related to the quality of life following surgery. Approximately 67.7% of the patients were satisfied; 19.4% were very satisfied, and 12.9% reported acceptance of their surgical outcomes. The most common complication was infection (n = 8). Most patients did not experience any problems in their lives after microtia surgery.

Conclusions

The highest rate of satisfactory outcomes was observed for the lobule subunit, which was assumed to be associated with the use of the Z-plasty technique. The most common complication was infection, as environmental hygiene was the most important factor. Thus, further concern for maintaining good hygiene is necessary to improve the quality of reconstructive surgery. The level of satisfaction with microtia reconstructive surgery was adequate. Most patients had a good health-related quality of life without experiencing any problems.
Mechanism of lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b in autophagy of cardiomyocytes in mice with uremia by targeting ATG5
Authors: Xu Ying , Chen Jing , Wang Minmin , Yu Rizhen , Zou Wenly , Shen Wei
Published: September 2021

Objectives

This study is to investigate whether the cardiac microvascular endothelial cells (CMECs) can regulate the autophagy of cardiomyocytes (CMs) by secreting lncRNA-ANRIL/miR-181b exosomes, thus participating in the occurrence of uremic cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods

A 5/6 nephrectomy uremia model was established, with the mice injected with ANRIL-shRNA lentivirus vector, miR-181b agomir, and related control reagents, containing the serum creatinine and urea nitrogen measured. The renal tissue sections of mice were stained with Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), TUNEL, and Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) performed on myocardial tissue sections of mice. ANRIL-shRNA, miR-181b mimics, and related control reagents were transfected into CMECs, in which the exosomes were extracted and co-cultured with CMs. The expressions of ANRIL, miR-181b and ATG5 were detected by qRT-PCR, and the expressions of autophagy related proteins by Western blot, as well as the binding of ANRIL and miR-181b by the double luciferase reporter gene experiment.

Results

ANRIL down-regulation or miR-181b up-regulation can increase the weight of mice with uremia, as well as the expressions of p62 and miR-181b, and reduce the content of serum creatinine and urea nitrogen, the damage of kidney and myocardial tissues, the number of apoptotic cells in myocardial tissues, as well as the expressions of ANRIL, ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3. CMs can absorb the exosomes of CMECs. Compared with IS+ CMEC-Exo group, the expressions of ANRIL and ATG5 in CMs of IS+ CMEC-Exo + sh lncRNA ANRIL and IS+CMEC-Exo+miR-181b mimics groups was down-regulated, as well as the expressions of ATG5, Beclin1, and LC3, while miR-181b expression was up-regulated as well as P62 expression.

Conclusions

CMECs can regulate autophagy of CMs by releasing exosomes containing ANRIL and miR-181b.
Holistic processing only? The role of the right fusiform face area in radiological expertise
Authors: Kok Ellen M. , Sorger Bettina , van Geel Koos , Gegenfurtner Andreas , van Merriënboer Jeroen J. G. , Robben Simon G. F. , de Bruin Anique B. H.
Published: September 2021

Radiologists can visually detect abnormalities on radiographs within 2s, a process that resembles holistic visual processing of faces. Interestingly, there is empirical evidence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for the involvement of the right fusiform face area (FFA) in visual-expertise tasks such as radiological image interpretation. The speed by which stimuli (e.g., faces, abnormalities) are recognized is an important characteristic of holistic processing. However, evidence for the involvement of the right FFA in holistic processing in radiology comes mostly from short or artificial tasks in which the quick, ‘holistic’ mode of diagnostic processing is not contrasted with the slower ‘search-to-find’ mode. In our fMRI study, we hypothesized that the right FFA responds selectively to the ‘holistic’ mode of diagnostic processing and less so to the ‘search-to-find’ mode. Eleven laypeople and 17 radiologists in training diagnosed 66 radiographs in 2s each (holistic mode) and subsequently checked their diagnosis in an extended (10-s) period (search-to-find mode). During data analysis, we first identified individual regions of interest (ROIs) for the right FFA using a localizer task. Then we employed ROI-based ANOVAs and obtained tentative support for the hypothesis that the right FFA shows more activation for radiologists in training versus laypeople, in particular in the holistic mode (i.e., during 2s trials), and less so in the search-to-find mode (i.e., during 10-s trials). No significant correlation was found between diagnostic performance (diagnostic accuracy) and brain-activation level within the right FFA for both, short-presentation and long-presentation diagnostic trials. Our results provide tentative evidence from a diagnostic-reasoning task that the FFA supports the holistic processing of visual stimuli in participants’ expertise domain.
Recovery of the maternal skeleton after lactation is impaired by advanced maternal age but not by reduced IGF availability in the mouse
Authors: Rogowska Monika D. , Pena Uriel N. V. , Binning Nimrat , Christians Julian K.
Published: September 2021

Background

Lactation results in substantial maternal bone loss that is recovered following weaning. However, the mechanisms underlying this recovery, and in particular the role of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-I), is not clear. Furthermore, there is little data regarding whether recovery is affected by advanced maternal age.

Methods

Using micro-computed tomography, we studied bone recovery following lactation in mice at 2, 5 and 7 months of age. We also investigated the effects of reduced IGF-I availability using mice lacking PAPP-A2, a protease of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 5 (IGFBP-5).

Results

In 2 month old mice, lactation affected femoral trabecular and cortical bone, but only cortical bone showed recovery 3 weeks after weaning. This recovery was not affected by deletion of the Pappa2 gene. The amount of trabecular bone was reduced in 5 and 7 month old mice, and was not further reduced by lactation. However, the recovery of cortical bone was impaired at 5 and 7 months compared with at 2 months.

Conclusions

Recovery of the maternal skeleton after lactation is impaired in moderately-aged mice compared with younger mice. Our results may be relevant to the long-term effects of breastfeeding on the maternal skeleton in humans, particularly given the increasing median maternal age at childbearing.
Hubungan Stunting dengan Gangguan Kognitif pada Usia Remaja Awal di Kecamatan Jatinangor
Authors: Suhud Rafa Fathia , Fadlyana Eddy , Setiawati Elsa Pudji , Aminah Siti , Tarigan Rodman
Published: September 2021

Latar belakang. Stunting merupakan salah satu permasalahan kesehatan nasional maupun dunia. Diperkirakan stunting berhubungan dengan penurunan dalam tingkat kognitif, kapasitas belajar, motorik, dan fungsi bahasa.Tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan stunting dengan gangguan kognitif pada usia remaja awal di Kecamatan Jatinangor.Metode. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan studi penelitian analitik komparatif dengan metode potong lintang. Kriteria inklusi penelitian ini adalah murid sekolah dasar kelas 5-6 di Kecamatan Jatinangor. Kriteria eksklusi pada penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data yang tidak lengkap dan memiliki penyakit kronik. Pengambilan data berupa karakteristik subjek, antropometri dilakukan sesuai dengan prosedur WHO, dan fungsi kognitif menggunakan Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) Folstein. Analisis data menggunakan Fisher’s Exact Test.Hasil. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 58 subjek yang terdiri dari 57% perempuan dan 43% laki-laki dengan rentang usia 10-12 tahun. Terdapat 26% subjek yang termasuk kategori stunting dan 26% yang termasuk kategori Mini Mental State Examination tidak normal. Berdasarkan hasil analisis bivariat menggunakan uji statistik Fisher’s Exact Test didapatkan hubungan antara stunting dengan gangguan kognitif dengan nilai p=0,013.Kesimpulan. Dari hasil penelitian ini ditemukan terdapat hubungan bermakna antara stunting dengan gangguan kognitif pada usia remaja awal di Kecamatan Jatinangor.
Targeted Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems to Manage Regular Drug Administration and Reduce Patient Noncompliance
Authors: Ramesh Gautam , Zamat Ali , Liu Neiman , Vadlamudi Srujan , Merete Moses , Hu Vincent , Narala Rachan , Miller Richard , Alemu Benyam , Crotty-Alexander Laura , Akuthota Praveen
Published: September 2021

Patient noncompliance introduces human error to medicine, and limits the extent of effective clinical care. A portable, automated patch can simplify this process by regulating and dispensing the necessary amount of medication that a patient requires systemically, directly through the skin. This device will be low-profile, noninvasive, water-resistant, easy to use, affordable, and durable, in order to reduce the hassle and any possibility of patient noncompliance. The types and doses of medication must be carefully programmed by a medical professional to ensure proper treatment. Transdermally administered medication has proven to be successful in the past in the treatment of chronic pain. To test the viability of such a versatile transdermal delivery system, we will attempt to replace traditional medication for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients using prednisolone. The inconvenience of frequent dosing, multiple pills, and inhalers are major contributors to noncompliance.
The Impacts of Covid-19 Pandemic and Weather Conditions on Water Environment, a Case Study in Istanbul and London/South-east England
Authors: YILMAZ FERHAT , Osborn Dan , Tsamados Michel
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 Pandemic affects not only populations around the world but also the environment and natural resources. Lockdowns and restricted new lifestyles have had wide ranging impacts on the environment (e.g., on air quality in cities). Although hygiene and disinfection procedures and precautions are effective ways to protect people from Covid-19, they have important consequences for water usage and resources especially given the increasing impacts of climate change on rainfall patterns, water use and resources. Climate change and public health issues may compound one another and so we used a DPSIR Framework to scope the main factors that may interact to affect water use and resources (in the form of reservoirs) using evidence from Istanbul, Turkey with some discussion of the comparative situation in the UK and elsewhere. We modified initial views on the framework to account for the regional, city and community level experiences. We noted water consumption in Istanbul has been increasing over the last two decades (except, it appears, in times of very low rainfall/drought); that there were increases in water consumption in the early stages of the Covid-19 pandemic; and, despite some increase in rainfall, water levels in reservoirs appeared to decrease during lockdowns (for a range of reasons). We also noted, through a new simple way of visualising the data, that a low resource capacity might be recurring every 6 or 7 years in Istanbul. We made no attempt in this paper to quantify the relative contribution that climate change, population growth etc are making to water consumption and reservoir levels as we were focused here on scoping those social, environmental and economic factors that appear to play a role in potential water stress and on developing a DPSIR Framework that could aid both subsequent quantitative studies and the development of policy and adaptive management options for Istanbul and other large complex conurbations (such as London and south-east England). If there are periodic water resource issues and temperatures rise as expected in climate projections with an accompanying increase in the duration of hot spells the subsequent additional stress on water systems might make managing future public health emergencies, such as a pandemic, even more difficult.
Interdisziplinäre Stadtforschung
Authors: Kogler Raphaela , Hamedinger Alexander
Published: September 2021

Interdisziplinäre Stadtforschung ist aus der Sicht von raumbezogener Forschung sowie aus forschungs- und stadtentwicklungspolitischer Perspektive heute wichtiger denn je. Dies lässt sich nicht nur auf die Forderung gemeinsamer Betrachtungsweisen städtischer Phänomene zurückführen, sondern auch auf die Relevanz von Städten als Orte der Bewältigung gegenwärtiger multipler Krisen. Für interdisziplinäre Stadtforschung gibt es weder eine einzige gültige Definition noch einheitliche Theorien und Methoden. Vielmehr handelt es sich um ein heterogenes Forschungsfeld, in welchem sich unterschiedliche Perspektiven auf Stadt und Raum versammeln. Gleichzeitig lassen sich in interdisziplinären Stadtforschungen vor allem problembezogene Bearbeitungen von aktuellen Themenfeldern und gesellschaftlichen Herausforderungen wiederfinden, die keinesfalls nur disziplinär erforscht werden können.
Multidisziplinäre Perspektiven in der kulturwissenschaftlichen Stadtforschung
Authors: Färber Alexa , Schmidt-Lauber Brigitta
Published: September 2021

Alexa Färber und Brigitta Schmidt-Lauber stellen in ihrem Beitrag die Kernfragen und Konzepte, sowie die daraus hervorgehenden Forschungsfelder der kulturwissenschaftlichen Stadtforschung dar. Die Kulturwissenschaftliche Stadtforschung der Europäischen Ethnologie widmet sich der Vielfalt gelebter städtischer Alltagskulturen und urbaner Lebenswelten. Im Vordergrund steht die Untersuchung von Alltagserfahrungen und -praktiken, die über ethnographische und historische Tiefenbohrungen erforscht werden. Die theoretisch-konzeptionellen Grundlagen dafür leiten sich aus empirisch-kulturwissenschaftlichen Ansätzen zu Kultur, Alltag und Gesellschaft ab. Die große Offenheit für multidisziplinäres Denken und Arbeiten drückt sich in drei raumbezogenen Konzepten aus, die exemplarisch dargestellt: Stadt als sozialer Raum, das Imaginäre der Stadt und Stadt als Assemblage.
Planning (in) transition
Authors: Suitner Johannes
Published: September 2021

Johannes Suitner entwickelt in seinem Beitrag einen an die Transformationsforschung angelehnten, planungswissenschaftlichen Forschungsansatz, der in der Lage ist, die pfadbestimmenden und pfadbrechenden Kräfte in der Stadtentwicklung zu identifizieren. Dieser ermöglicht eine systematische Charakterisierung des strategischen Projekts Stadtplanung und seiner Rolle in der Etablierung bestimmter Entwicklungspfade. So lassen sich Phasen der Stabilität und des Wandels in der politisch-institutionellen Ordnung der Stadtplanung nachzeichnen und erklären, was Planung handlungsfähig und wirkmächtig macht bzw. welche Umstände bedingen, dass sie sich grundlegend verändert.
Urban Environmental Politics meets Urban Theory
Authors: Haderer Margaret
Published: September 2021

Two claims are common in environmental discourses: that cities are key sites of intervention for a shift towards greater sustainability and that grassroots sustainability initiatives embody particularly promising drivers of such a shift. Drawing on Lefebvre, this chapter challenges ›episteme of the urban‹ that confine cities to ›sites‹ and argues that the planetary ›processes‹ that underpin given sites require more attention in light of socio-ecological crises. The chapter also challenges the common ›doxa‹ that ›truly‹ transformative interventions operate at a distance from dominant political institutions, such as law, and introduces ›heterodox right-claims‹ as an alternative political strategy - also for grassroots politics.
Transformation des öffentlichen urbanen Raums - eine Werteverschiebung
Authors: Furchtlehner Jürgen , Lehner Daniela , Licka Lilli
Published: September 2021

Furchtlehner, Lehner und Lička widmen sich in diesem Beitrag den Voraussetzungen für die aktuell stattfindende Transformation des Straßenraums vom Verkehrsraum, hin zu einem öffentlichen Raum für vielfältige Nutzungen. Der Prozess wird aus Sicht der Landschaftsarchitektur anhand gebauter Beispiele erläutert und auf die zugrundeliegenden Planungsziele bezogen. Der Veränderung des Erscheinungsbilds in der gebauten, sich verdichtenden Stadt liegt ein Paradigmenwechsel auf planungspolitischer Ebene zugrunde, der auf ideellen Werteverschiebungen beruht. Anhand konkreter Straßenräume wird die Rolle der involvierten Disziplinen und der Nutzerinnen und Nutzer erläutert. Der Beitrag bespricht die Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären Forschungszugangs, um Straßenraum in seiner Komplexität zu verstehen und zu verändern.
Visualisierungen des Politischen
Authors: Austermann Julia
Published: September 2021

Homophober Hass in Polen wird durch Plakate, Piktogramme, Graffiti und weitere Bildtypen nationalistischer, rechtsradikaler und katholisch-fundamentalistischer Bewegungen propagiert. Durch das Internet sowie Straßenproteste finden diese homophoben Bilder Verbreitung im digitalen und urbanen Raum. Damit haben sie fundamentalen Einfluss auf Polens visuelle Kultur. Julia Austermann erforscht diese polnischen Text- und Bildkonvolute vor und nach 1989, die Auskunft geben über Homophobie sowie deren Sichtbarmachung und Bekämpfung. Im Mittelpunkt stehen dabei die Analyse der Produktion dieser Bilder, des Umgangs mit ihnen sowie die damit verbundenen Emotionalisierungstechniken. Aber auch die queeren Interventionen gegen Homophobie werden untersucht.
Kosmetische Chirurgie im Online-Diskurs
Authors: Loick Molina Steffen
Published: September 2021

Die Bewerbung kosmetischer Chirurgie erfolgt vermehrt auf eigenen Websites, auf denen Gründe für oder gegen die medizinisch invasive Körperformung reformuliert werden. Steffen Loick Molina untersucht diskursanalytisch die Plausibilisierungs- und Inszenierungsmuster solcher kosmetisch-chirurgischer Angebote und durchleuchtet die Problemerzählungen von Eingriffen am Gesicht, an der Brust sowie am Körperfett. Die Websites erweisen sich dabei als normalisierende Körpertechnologien, die auf dem Bild des sozialen Tods basieren und auf eine Resouveränisierung des menschlichen Subjekts abzielen.
Tauschnetze und Alternativwährungen
Authors: Austen Merlin
Published: September 2021

Wert und Werte, Tausch und Austausch — was geschieht eigentlich, wenn Güter oder Dienstleistungen von Hand zu Hand gehen? Welche Möglichkeiten der Organisation von Warenzirkulation gibt es neben dem uns bekannten Geldsystem? Anhand von Tauschnetzen und Alternativwährungen, ethnographischen Beispielen und dem Modephänomen der Sharing Economy untersucht Merlin Austen die Unterschiede von Teilen und Tauschen, Geld und Kapital, Gaben und Waren. Dabei wird deutlich, dass Geld immer eine soziale Übereinkunft darstellt, die gemäß unserem Menschenbild und unseren kollektiven Wertvorstellungen geformt wird.
Stadtentwicklung in der Wissensgesellschaft
Authors: Fröhlich Kerstin
Published: September 2021

Wissenschaftseinrichtungen gelten zunehmend als Motoren gesellschaftlicher Entwicklung. Der Auseinandersetzung mit der produktiven Integration des Konglomerats »Wissen« in Prozessen der Stadtentwicklung kommt daher eine hohe Aufmerksamkeit zu. Kerstin Fröhlich setzt sich mit dem Trend der wissensbasierten Stadtentwicklung auseinander und analysiert AkteurInnen sowie Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten in Governance-Prozessen auf kommunaler Ebene. Ihre differenzierte Betrachtung von Chancen und Herausforderungen ist sowohl für die Praxis als auch die jüngere Diskussion in der Stadtforschung höchst relevant.
Crónicas de la emergencia
Authors: León Celis Morelos
Published: September 2021

Este artículo reflexiona sobre la resonancia de los efectos de la pandemia de COVID-19 en los procesos creativos de tres artistas en formación en artes visuales de la Escuela Nacional de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado La Esmeralda ubicada en la zona sur de la Ciudad de México. A partir de la experiencia docente del autor se expondrán los retos y oportunidades de la labor pedagógica en la formación artística en tiempos adversos y de confinamiento explorando las atmósferas introspectivas de creación de los tres artistas con la intención de visibilizar sus procesos creativos desde el análisis de los conceptos de vulnerabilidad, rastro y memoria presentes en las narrativas íntimas autorreferenciales desarrolladas en búsqueda de una comprensión de su historia familiar para entender su lugar en el mundo, creando relatos visuales de un realismo crudo desde la perspectiva ficcionada de su historia.
Library Service Quality and Student Trust A Case Study of the University of Sumatera Utara Library, Indonesia
Authors: Hasugian Jonner , Lubis Dirmansyah
Published: September 2021

This study, conducted at the University of Sumatera Utara (USU) Library, aims to know the effect of service quality on customer trust and to determine student trust in library services based on levels of education. The research applied survey methods with quantitative approaches. Samples are determined using the Taro Yamane formula. The questionnaire covers 22 items of three LibQUAL dimensions. Data analysis techniques were performed using Structural Equation Modeling statistical analysis and path analysis by using the Lisrel version 8.5 application program. The results showed that service quality has a positive and significant effect on student trust. The level of trust in the library varies based on the levels of education. The dimensions of service quality with a positive and significant effect on student trust are the information control and the library as a place.
Institutional legitimacy as a source of corporate reputation
Authors: Villamizar Loaiza Carolina
Published: September 2021

El presente artículo se concentra en el desarrollo del concepto de legitimidad social en las organizaciones, como fundamento o piso teórico de la reputación. Se establece una triangulación en la revisión de literatura que inicia con la teoría institucional hasta llegar al concepto de legitimidad institucional y su importancia como piso teórico en el estudio de la reputación corporativa. Se coloca de precedente las dimensiones o fuentes de la legitimidad, como lo son: la moral, cognitiva y evaluativa. En el mismo sentido, se soporta la investigación de revisión de literatura con corte descriptivo, la cual se edificó mediante la revisión o consulta de un amplio grupo de fuentes y bases de datos académicas que contribuyeron a darle una mayor comprensión al concepto de reputación corporativa desde el campo de la sociología con la teoría institucional.
Methodology for the Selection of Trenchless Sewer Rehabilitation Technologies in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Tovar Romero Edward Leonardo , Valero Fandiño Jorge Alberto , Cepeda Ariza Leonardo
Published: September 2021

Context: Operational and/or structural failures in sewer networks lead network operators to carry out rehabilitation tasks to maintain water transport conditions, which is why it is necessary to decide on the type of intervention to be performed, that is, i) a traditional open-ditch procedure, or ii) the use of trenchless rehabilitation technologies. Objective: This article focuses on the methodology developed and implemented in the SELECTOR program, whose purpose is to provide public service companies responsible for sewer service, as well as related professionals, with a decision tool that answers, from a technical perspective, which of the analyzed trenchless rehabilitation technologies (pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe, slip lining, and spiral wound) is the most suitable for the rehabilitation of sewer networks. Method: To this effect, it is necessary ​​to consider all the influence parameters at the time of sewer rehabilitation, define the application ranges of these trenchless technologies, extract the differential variables, use fuzzy logic verbalization, determine the priority and relationship between the variables using the data mining technique known as decision trees, and develop the SELECTOR program by means of the Visual Studio 2017® platform. Results: The differential variables for decisions regarding the application of trenchless rehabilitation technologies in underground sewerage infrastructure projects were identified. A graphic summary of the decision model was made using the verbalization diagrams and the SELECTOR program, which allows processing the information of the sewerage networks individually and for a whole sewer rehabilitation project, detailing the intervention collector to collector. Conclusions: There are eight differential variables when deciding on sewer rehabilitation. Verbalization diagrams allow to compress the decision model and facilitate its programming, and automated decision models increase effectiveness and transparency in construction processes.
Impacto ambiental del vertimiento de aguas servidas en aglomerados urbanos ilegales del municipio de Villavicencio, Colombia
Authors: Cuadros Segura Fabián Dario , Moyano Salcedo Alvaro Javier , Pabon Laverde Adrian Mateo , Trujillo Arias Jassbleydi Valentina
Published: September 2021

Contexto: La conformación de conglomerados habitacionales ilegales, en la mayoría de los casos, sin saneamiento básico adecuado, puede generar deterioro de los recursos naturales. El presente estudio evaluó el impacto ambiental asociado al vertimiento de aguas servidas urbanas (ASU) sobre suelos y cuerpos de agua, en un aglomerado urbano ilegal del municipio de Villavicencio. Metodología: A partir de 15 puntos de muestreo se determinaron parámetros fisicoquímicos de agua: serie de sólidos, turbiedad, color, demanda química de oxígeno (DQO), pH, conductividad eléctrica (CE), oxígeno disuelto (OD); y de suelo: pH, CE, capacidad de intercambio catiónico (CIC) y concentración de C, N y elementos traza, para identificar impactos sobre los recursos en el área de estudio. Resultados: Las muestras de ASU presentaron valores elevados en parámetros como turbiedad (326 NTU), color (744 UPC) y DQO bruta (600 a 1500 mg l-1). En los análisis de cuerpos de agua aledaños al sector, la DQO varió entre 368 y 429 mg l-1. Asimismo, el OD osciló entre 5,7 y 7,1 mg l-1, valores que resultaron favorables para los cauces; sin embargo, fueron bajos para el ASU (0,9 mg l-1). Por su parte, se determinó una alteración significativa en propiedades fisicoquímicas del suelo como pH (5,8-8,2), CIC (8,2-16,78 mEq-g 100 g-1), CE (57,6-517,3 µS cm-1) y N (0,03-0,84 mg kg-1) asociadas principalmente a los vertimientos. Conclusiones: Fue posible identificar un efecto negativo en los recursos agua y suelo, generado por descargas descontroladas de ASU en el lugar, lo cual se encuentra relacionado una pérdida de servicios ambientales y baja calidad de vida.