bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Effects of artificial intelligence aibo intervention on alleviating distress and fear in children
Authors: Tanaka Kyoko , Hayakawa Maoko , Noda Chihiro , Nakamura Akio , Akiyama Chieko
Published: November 2022

Background

Procedures and actions such as injections and immobilization cause distress to children. In the pediatric field, there is a need for interventions and support to alleviate the pain and distress caused by such medical procedures. In recent years, the introduction of robots as a means of distraction has begun to be attempted.

Methods

In this study, we conducted a non-randomized controlled trial to examine the effect of intervention using ‘aibo’, a dog-like robot which has artificial intelligence (AI), to promote distraction in children after vaccination. Children between the ages of 3 and 12 years old eligible for the Japanese encephalitis vaccine, and their caregivers were assigned to intervention group or control group. Then, children evaluated their pain and children’s behavior were observed by observer. The mean values of Faces pain rating scale scores and observer pain scale scores were compared between groups using an unpaired t-test.

Results

Fifty-seven children (32 in the intervention group) participated in the study. Results of a t-test with the control group showed that the intervention group using aibo had significantly less pain following the post-vaccination intervention than the control group using stuffed dog (Face Scale, t(55) = 2.582, p = .0125; Behavioral Observation Scale, t(55) = 2.772, p = .00759). The results support the hypothesis that the aibo intervention group will be less distressed and able to calm down more quickly after vaccination than the control group.

Conclusion

Interactive communicative play intervention by an artificially intelligent aibo before and after painful and frightening medical procedures may alleviate fear and anxiety and prevent medical trauma in children.
The genetic and biochemical determinants of mRNA degradation rates in mammals
Authors: Agarwal Vikram , Kelley David R.
Published: November 2022

Background

Degradation rate is a fundamental aspect of mRNA metabolism, and the factors governing it remain poorly characterized. Understanding the genetic and biochemical determinants of mRNA half-life would enable more precise identification of variants that perturb gene expression through post-transcriptional gene regulatory mechanisms.

Results

We establish a compendium of 39 human and 27 mouse transcriptome-wide mRNA decay rate datasets. A meta-analysis of these data identified a prevalence of technical noise and measurement bias, induced partially by the underlying experimental strategy. Correcting for these biases allowed us to derive more precise, consensus measurements of half-life which exhibit enhanced consistency between species. We trained substantially improved statistical models based upon genetic and biochemical features to better predict half-life and characterize the factors molding it. Our state-of-the-art model, Saluki, is a hybrid convolutional and recurrent deep neural network which relies only upon an mRNA sequence annotated with coding frame and splice sites to predict half-life (r=0.77). The key novel principle learned by Saluki is that the spatial positioning of splice sites, codons, and RNA-binding motifs within an mRNA is strongly associated with mRNA half-life. Saluki predicts the impact of RNA sequences and genetic mutations therein on mRNA stability, in agreement with functional measurements derived from massively parallel reporter assays.

Conclusions

Our work produces a more robust ground truth for transcriptome-wide mRNA half-lives in mammalian cells. Using these revised measurements, we trained Saluki, a model that is over 50% more accurate in predicting half-life from sequence than existing models. Saluki succinctly captures many of the known determinants of mRNA half-life and can be rapidly deployed to predict the functional consequences of arbitrary mutations in the transcriptome.
Overt diabetes imposes a comparable burden on outcomes as pregestational diabetes: a cohort study
Authors: Oppermann Maria Lúcia , Campos Maria Amélia , Hirakata Vânia Naomi , Reichelt Angela Jacob
Published: November 2022

Background

Women with diabetes first diagnosed during pregnancy (overt diabetes) may be at the same risk level of adverse outcomes as those with known pregestational diabetes. We compared pregnancy outcomes between these groups.

Methods

We evaluated pregnant women with type 2 diabetes, pregestational or overt diabetes, attending high risk antenatal care in two public hospitals in Southern Brazil, from May 20, 2005 to June 30, 2021. Outcomes were retrieved from electronic medical records. Risk of adverse outcomes, expressed as relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), were calculated using Poisson regression with robust estimates.

Results

Of 618 women, 33% were labelled as having overt diabetes and 67%, pregestational diabetes. Baseline maternal characteristics were similar: there was a slight, non-clinically relevant, difference in maternal age (33 ± 5.7 years in women with pregestational diabetes vs. 32 ± 6.0 years in women with overt diabetes, p = 0.004); and women with overt diabetes reported smoking almost twice compared to those with pregestational diabetes (12.3% vs. 6.5%, p = 0.024). There were no relevant differences between the groups regarding pregnancy outcomes, although there was a trend of higher neonatal intensive care admission in the group of women with pregestational diabetes (45.2% vs. 36.1%, p = 0.051).

Conclusions

Overt diabetes was diagnosed in one third of this cohort of pregnant women with hyperglycemia. Their pregnancy outcomes were similar to those of women with pregestational diabetes and were mostly related to maternal demographic characteristics and metabolic control. A call to action should be made to identify women of childbearing age at risk for pre-pregnancy diabetes; to detect hyperglycemia before conception; and to implement timely preconception care to all women with diabetes.
A longitudinal analysis of developing marine science identity in a place-based, undergraduate research experience
Authors: Ambrosino Christine M. , Rivera Malia Ana J.
Published: November 2022

Background

Students from historically excluded groups face many pedagogical, societal, and institutional barriers that lead to disproportionately lower levels of entering and higher levels of attrition from Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) undergraduate programs. Student experiences within a STEM learning environment play a large role in influencing participation and persistence in science, and place-based education (PBE) is one pedagogical approach that aims to increase student engagement with science. By allowing students to engage with scientific concepts through their own knowledge systems, PBE can develop these students’ science identity and nurture a sense of belonging within the science community. This study examined student science identity in participants of a place-based, early-credit, Hawaiʻi undergraduate research experience, the Research Experiences in Marine Science (REMS) Program.

Results

Student science identity was measured via responses from pre- and post-program Likert-type surveys before and after participation in the REMS program along the dimensions of Performance/Competence, Interest, and Recognition. The science identities of REMS alumni who returned to participate in the program as near-peer mentors and undergraduate researchers were also measured to explore whether repeated exposure to the program experience continued to promote shifts in identity construct metrics. Results indicate that all student groups who participated in REMS, including alumni, gained confidence in their science content understanding and research skills, increased their interest in science as a subject and as a career pathway, and recognized how science affects their communities. New students demonstrated the largest shifts in their science identity metrics, but alumni also indicated further development of their science identities.

Conclusions

The data from this study suggest that the timing of interventions which aim to influence student science identity and persistence in STEM pathways is an important factor when targeting student groups transitioning to undergraduate programs. Future educational efforts to increase the positive development of student science identity should consider the potential benefits of cumulative research experiences to support students through their early careers as undergraduates in STEM.
The spectrum of cardiovascular complications related to immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment
Authors: Andres Maria Sol , Ramalingam Sivatharshini , Rosen Stuart D. , Baksi John , Khattar Rajdeep , Kirichenko Yulia , Young Kate , Yousaf Nadia , Okines Alicia , Huddart Robert , Harrington Kevin , Furness Andrew J.S. , Turajlic Samra , Pickering Lisa , Popat Sanjay , Larkin James , Lyon Alexander R.
Published: November 2022

Background

The full range of cardiovascular complications related to the use of Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) is not fully understood. We aim to describe the spectrum of cardiovascular adverse events (cvAEs) by presenting our real-world experience of the diagnosis and management of these complications.

Methods

Two thousand six hundred and forty-seven (2647) patients were started on ICI treatment between 2014 and 2020. Data from 110 patients referred to the cardio-oncology service with a suspected cvAE was collected prospectively and analysed.

Results

Eighty-nine
patients (3.4%) were confirmed to have cvAEs while on ICI therapy.
Myocarditis was the most frequent event (33/89), followed by
tachyarrhythmia (27/89), non-inflammatory left ventricular dysfunction (NILVD)
(15/89) and pericarditis (7/89). Results from myocarditis and non-inflammatory left ventricular
dysfunction cohorts were compared. Myocarditis and NILVD showed significant
differences in respect toof
troponin elevation, cardiac magnetic resonance abnormalities and ventricular
function. Dual ICI therapy and other immune related adverse events were more
frequently associated with myocarditis than NILVD. There was a significant
difference in the median time from starting ICI treatment to presentation with
myocarditis versus NILVD (12 vs 26 weeks p = 0.049). Through early recognition
of myocarditis, prompt treatment with steroids and interruption of ICI, there
were no cardiovascular in-hospital deaths. NILVD did not
require steroid treatment and ICI could be restarted safely.

Conclusions

The full spectrum of cardiovascular complications
in patients with immune checkpoint inhibitors is much broader than initially
described. Myocarditis remains the most frequent cvAE related to ICI treatment.
A novel type of myocardial injury was observed and
defined as Atrial tachyarrhythmias and NILVD
were also frequent in this cohort. NILVD has a This
differs fromdifferent presentation from
ICI-related myocarditis, mainly usually
presenting afterby the lack of
inflammatory features on CMR and biomarkers and
a later presentation in time.
Group Care in the first 1000 days: implementation and process evaluation of contextually adapted antenatal and postnatal group care targeting diverse vulnerable populations in high-, middle- and low-resource settings
Authors: Martens Nele , Crone Mathilde R. , Hindori-Mohangoo Ashna , Hindori Manodj , Reis Ria , Hoxha Ilir S. , Abanga Jedidia , Matthews Shanaaz , Berry Lizette , van der Kleij Rianne M. J. J. , van den Akker-van Marle M. Elske , van Damme Astrid , Talrich Florence , Beeckman Katrien , Court Christine Mc , Rising Sharon Schindler , Billings Deborah L. , Rijnders Marlies
Published: November 2022

Background

Group care (GC) improves the quality of maternity care, stimulates women’s participation in their own care and facilitates growth of women’s social support networks. There is an urgent need to identify and disseminate the best mechanisms for implementing GC in ways that are feasible, context appropriate and sustainable. This protocol presents the aims and methods of an innovative implementation research project entitled Group Care in the first 1000 days (GC_1000), which addresses this need.

Aims

The aim of GC_1000 is to co-create and disseminate evidence-based implementation strategies and tools to support successful implementation and scale-up of GC in health systems throughout the world, with particular attention to the needs of ‘vulnerable’ populations.

Methods

By working through five inter-related work packages, each with specific tasks, objectives and deliverables, the global research team will systematically examine and document the implementation and scale-up processes of antenatal and postnatal GC in seven different countries. The GC_1000 project is grounded theoretically in the consolidated framework for implementation research (CFIR), while the process evaluation is guided by ‘Realistic Evaluation’ principles. Data are gathered across all research phases and analysis at each stage is synthesized to develop Context-Intervention-Mechanism-Outcome configurations.

Discussion

GC_1000 will generate evidence-based knowledge about the integration of complex interventions into diverse health care systems. The 4-year project also will pave the way for sustained implementation of GC, significantly benefitting populations with adverse pregnancy and birthing experiences as well as poor outcomes.
A mixed methods protocol to implement universal firearm injury risk screening and intervention among youth and adults in emergency departments across a large US health system
Authors: Sathya Chethan , Harrison Laura , Dauber Katherine , Kapoor Sandeep
Published: November 2022

Background

Firearm injury is a leading cause of preventable death in the USA. Healthcare providers are uniquely poised to focus on firearm safety and injury prevention from an apolitical harm reduction lens; however, few providers and healthcare settings incorporate firearm injury prevention strategies into usual care. We outline the first protocol to determine how to implement universal Firearm Injury and Mortality Prevention (FIMP) strategies that identify and address firearm access and violence risk in healthcare settings as part of routine care using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) to inform implementation and evaluation.

Methods

The components of our FIMP strategy, including universal screening, intervention for patients at risk, and resources, will be developed from existing evidence-based strategies for firearm access and violence risk (intervention characteristics). The implementation process will include components of Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) for substance use, adapted to FIMP (implementation process). To engage stakeholders, harmonize language, and garner support, an Executive Advisory Board (EAB) will be formed, consisting of the site- and system-level stakeholders (inner setting) and community stakeholders, including influential figures such as local religious and spiritual leaders, individuals with lived experience, and community-based organizations (outer setting). Pre-implementation surveys will identify the characteristics of individuals and guide the development of education prior to implementation. Patient-level screening data will be analyzed to identify the risk factors, implementation will be evaluated using mixed methods, and a limited-efficacy study will evaluate whether strategies were successful in driving behavior change.

Discussion

This study protocol has breakthrough and methodological innovations, by addressing FIMP as part of usual care to directly mitigate firearm injury risk among youth, adults, and household members (e.g., children) and by using rigorous methods to inform healthcare industry implementation of FIMP strategies. The expected outcomes of this study protocol will provide a solid basis for larger-scale dissemination and evaluation of implementation, effectiveness, and usability across broader pediatric and adult healthcare settings. This project will advance the implementation science and have a positive impact on the health of our patients and communities by preventing firearm injury and mortality and shifting the paradigm to view FIMP through a public health lens.
Hydrocarbon generation and expulsion of the Fengcheng Formation in the Mahu sag, Junggar Basin, China: Implications for shale oil resource potential
Authors: Wu Yuping , Liu Chenglin , Jiang Fujie , Hu Tao , Zhang Chenxi , Lv Jiahao , Hu Meiling , Huang Renda , Wu Guanyun , Awan Rizwan Sarwar
Published: November 2022

The Permian source rocks in the Junggar Basin are widely developed, especially the Fengcheng Formation, which is the most significant source rock in the basin. However, due to insufficient research on the hydrocarbon generation (HG) and hydrocarbon expulsion (HE) characteristics of the source rocks, it is unclear whether a significant amount of retained hydrocarbons remain within shales. In general, the original organic matter abundance and kerogen type control hydrocarbon generation potential (HGP) and HE capacity in lacustrine shales. Therefore, the degradation rate method was used to establish the original organic carbon recovery model for different types of kerogen. Combined with the geologic and geochemical characteristics of the source rock, the HG, HE, and shale oil resource potential of the Fengcheng shale have been evaluated. We have found that the Fengcheng shale is mainly carbonate-type mudstone widely distributed with an average thickness greater than 100 m. The Fengcheng shale is composed of type II kerogen and reached the mature to high-mature thermal maturity stage, with the maximum original organic carbon exceeding 4.0 wt%. Meanwhile, the amount of retained hydrocarbons within shales is abundant according to the HGP model. Monte Carlo simulation finds that the shale oil resources of the Fengcheng shale are 23.30 × 108 t. Free oil resources account for 60%, reaching 13.75 × 108 t, indicating tremendous shale oil exploration potential.
Malnutrition among patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Ahmed Ibrar , Kaifi Hoor Maab , Tahir Hira , Javed Adan
Published: November 2022

Objectives: The present study aims to evaluate the nutritional status of diabetic patients using Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) tool.

Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Endocrine and Medicine Department of Lady Reading Hospital from September 2019 to March 2020. A total of 359 patients diagnosed with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) were included in the study. The malnutrition status was assessed using SGA, and clinical parameters including albumin and total leukocyte count (TLC).

Results: We have observed mild to moderate malnutrition among 48.2% patients, and severe malnutrition in 10.6% patients as per the SGA scoring. Among the factors associated with nutritional status were BMI (p<0.01), and presence of CAD (DM complication) (p=0.015). As per the correlation analysis, BMI had a significant negative correlation with nutritional status (r=-0.351; p<0.01).

Conclusion: It is concluded from the study results that there is a high prevalence of malnutrition among the enrolled diabetic patients.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5485

How to cite this: Ahmed I, Kaifi HM, Tahir H, Javed A. Malnutrition among patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(1):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.1.5485

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Η τυπογραφία ως αφηγηματική παράμετρος της κινηματογραφικής τέχνης
Authors: Κρεμύδα Ελένη , Λάσκαρη Ηρώ , Σιάκας Σπυρίδων
Published: November 2022

Το άρθρο διερευνά τον τρόπο με τον οποίο, μέσω των κανόνων και των πρακτικών που διέπουν αφενός τη γραφιστική και αφετέρου τον κινηματογράφο, μπορεί να δημιουργηθεί μια σύνθεση ευρηματικής, πρωτότυπης αλλά και συγκροτημένης οπτικοακουστικής αφήγησης με την συμβολή της τυπογραφίας ως παράμετρο της κινηματογραφικής αφήγησης. Η έρευνα βασίστηκε στις σημειολογικές μελέτες που αναπτύχθηκαν από τους θεωρητικούς του κινηματογράφου αλλά και του σχεδιασμού και οι οποίες αναφέρονται στη σχέση κειμένου και εικόνας. Οι παραπάνω θεωρητικές θέσεις χρησιμοποιούνται ως εργαλείο για την ανάλυση αντιπροσωπευτικών δειγμάτων εφαρμογής της τυπογραφίας στον κινηματογράφο, προκειμένου να εντοπιστεί ο καταδηλωτικός και ο συμπαραδηλωτικός χαρακτήρας τους, τόσο σε επίπεδο μορφής όσο και περιεχομένου. Ολοκληρώνοντας, προσδιορίζεται η συνεισφορά της τυπογραφικής σύνθεσης στο πλαίσιο μιας κινηματογραφικής αφήγησης.
Προσεγγίσεις του χώρου στα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα της Δευτεροβάθμιας εκπαίδευσης με τη χρήση STORYMAP JavaScript (JS)
Authors: Μαργαρίτη Μαρία
Published: November 2022

Η παρούσα μελέτη εκπονείται στο πλαίσιο της Λογοτεχνικής Γεωγραφίας, ενός πρόσφατα ανεπτυγμένου κλάδου της Ανθρωπογεωγραφίας, που έχει ως ως αντικείμενο την εξέταση του αναπαριστάμενου χώρου στα λογοτεχνικά έργα. Συγκεκριμένα, σκοπός της μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει το πως μπορεί ο μαθητής να αντιληφθεί καλύτερα τον χώρο που αναπαρίσταται στα επιλεγμένα λογοτεχνικά κείμενα, τα οποία συμπεριλαμβάνονται στα βιβλία της Δευτεροβάθμιας Εκπαίδευσης στην Ελλάδα, με έμφαση στα κείμενα που έχουν ως θέμα την αλληλεπίδραση του ανθρώπου με τη φύση ή κάνουν αναφορά σε περιβαλλοντικά προβλήματα και να συνδέσει στη συνέχεια αυτές τις γνώσεις με τον πραγματικό κόσμο. Για την προσέγγιση του χώρου προτείνεται η χρήση της εφαρμογής STORYMAP JavaScript (JS) για την ανάρτηση ιστοριών στο διαδίκτυο με υλικό που οι μαθητές θα συγκεντρώσουν από τα κείμενα των σχολικών βιβλίων αλλά και από το διαδίκτυο, όπως ιστορικές πληροφορίες  και οπτικοακουστικό υλικό, το οποίο θα προσθέσουν στην εφαρμογή τοποθετώντας τα  σε γεωγραφικά σημεία στο διαδραστικό χάρτη. Έτσι, με τη συμβολή των νέων τεχνολογιών, η διδασκαλία του μαθήματος της Λογοτεχνίας γίνεται  βιωματική και πιο ενδιαφέρουσα.
Οι έμμεσες επιδράσεις των αντιλήψεων εφήβων μαθητών για την πατρική τυπολογία στην προσαρμογή τους μέσω της συναισθηματικής ρύθμισης
Authors: Μηλιώνη Μαρία , Κόκκινος Κωνσταντίνος Μ. , Αντωνοπούλου Αικατερίνη
Published: November 2022

Η παρούσα έρευνα εξετάζει τη σχέση ανάμεσα στις αντιλήψεις 186 εφήβων για την τυπολογία του πατέρα τους (υποστηρικτικός, αυταρχικός, επιτρεπτικός και αυστηρός), τη συναισθηματική ρύθμιση (γνωστική επανεκτίμηση, εκφραστική καταστολή) και την ψυχοκοινωνική τους προσαρμογή (εσωτερικευμένες/εξωτερικευμένες δυσκολίες, φιλοκοινωνική συμπεριφορά). Οι αντιλήψεις των εφήβων για τον υποστηρικτικό πατρικό τύπο βρέθηκε να συσχετίζονται αρνητικά με τις δυσκολίες συμπεριφοράς (εσωτερικευμένες και εξωτερικευμένες) και με την εκφραστική καταστολή, ενώ οι αντιλήψεις τους για τον αυταρχικό και τον επιτρεπτικό αρνητικά με τη γνωστική επανεκτίμηση. Επιπρόσθετα, οι αντιλήψεις για τον υποστηρικτικό τύπο συσχετίζονται θετικά με τη γνωστική επανεκτίμηση, ενώ αυτές για τον επιτρεπτικό αρνητικά, και θετικά με τη φιλοκοινωνική συμπεριφορά. Οι στρατηγικές συναισθηματικής ρύθμισης των εφήβων συσχετίστηκαν με τις εσωτερικευμένες και τις εξωτερικευμένες δυσκολίες τους. Το φύλο βρέθηκε να διαφοροποιεί τις εσωτερικευμένες δυσκολίες και τη φιλοκοινωνική συμπεριφορά υπέρ των κοριτσιών τα οποία επιπλέον αντιλαμβάνονται τον πατέρα τους πιο επιτρεπτικό, ενώ τα αγόρια σημείωσαν υψηλότερη βαθμολογία στην εκφραστική καταστολή συγκριτικά με τα κορίτσια. Τέλος, η χαμηλή γνωστική επανεκτίμηση και η υψηλή εκφραστική καταστολή βρέθηκε να διαμεσολαβούν στις σχέσεις μεταξύ των αντιλήψεων για τον υποστηρικτικό, αυταρχικό και επιτρεπτικό πατρικό τύπο και των εσωτερικευμένων και εξωτερικευμένων δυσκολιών. Τα ευρήματα της παρούσας έρευνας συζητούνται ως προς τις πρακτικές τους προεκτάσεις.
Staff Motivation System in Hotel Business
Authors: Zhukova M. , Zhukov V.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of the study is to develop recommendations for Russian hotels on the formation of a system of staff motivation to improve the quality of service. The relevance of the study is dictated by the fact that at present, in the harsh conditions of functioning and competition, only those accommodation facilities that have highly qualified and motivated staff will survive, since the provision of a high-quality and competitive hotel product depends on the staff in the hospitality industry. Far from all hotel managers pay attention to the issues of effective personnel management, which is not true, since hotel employees, interacting with guests, in fact, directly form the consumer's attitude towards the accommodation facility and the quality of service. Therefore, the most far-sighted hotel management understands that in order to increase the efficiency of the hotel, it is necessary to invest finances and efforts in employee training, improvement of motivational programs, development of corporate culture, teamwork methods. This indicates the practical significance of the work. The article clarifies the definitions of the concepts "staff motivation" and "staff motivation system", considers the principles on the basis of which the motivation system is developed and implemented. The classification of types of personnel motivation is presented. Practical recommendations are given to accommodation facilities on the use of various forms of material and non-material incentives, taking into account modern trends that attract people when looking for work in the hotel sector of the economy.
USING DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES PROBLEMS IN STUDENT PROJECT TEAMS KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT
Authors: Kashtanova YEkatyerina , Lobacheva A.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the issues students' ownership of digital technologies and notes the problems associated with the insufficient development of students' digital competencies in the team project work implementation. In contrast to the popular opinion about the negative impact on the use of digital technologies in the educational process of the adaptation difficulties to software products of the university teaching staff, the article authors focus on the primitive possession of digital products and gadgets by students.

One of the main problems the authors highlight is the underdevelopment of students' skills that allow them to immerse themselves in the study of software functionality, the search for possible digital products for consumption and the study of the modern digital services market. This is due to the peculiarities of the social category under consideration, which are presented in the article, as well as the prevailing consuming type of behavior among students and the presence of only superficial knowledge about the technologies functioning.

The authors of the article consider the need for students to develop knowledge management competencies of project teams in a digital environment and using modern digital technologies, describe a few difficulties that arise when trying to establish digital interaction and knowledge management when working with student project teams and analyze the causes of their occurrence.
The Labor Market and Youth Employment in Russia
Authors: Zolotina O. , Sagdeeva A.
Published: November 2022

Until 2021, in Russia youth is the population aged 15 to 29 years old, which is forming the labor potential of the country. Currently, the share of young people is 15% of the total population of Russia. This group is not homogeneous. It includes students of the secondary education system, and students of the vocational education system, and young professionals. This article analyzes how young people enter the labor market, what are the characteristics of their work, what is the participation of specialists, who have received a diploma of vocational education, in work, how the period of the coronavirus pandemic has affected the labor market and youth employment. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of youth employment in modern Russia and identify promising options for gaining experience while combining work with education.
Clinicopathologic features of epidermoid cysts in the upper and lower extremities, including a case of malignant transformation in the palmoplantar region
Authors: Jeon Sungmi , Lee Se Yeon , Kim Jinhyun , Jin Ung Sik , Kwon Sung Tack , Kwak Yoonjin , Kim Byung Jun
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Epidermoid cysts are common benign skin neoplasms derived from the pilosebaceous apparatus that usually develop in hair-bearing regions such as the head and neck. Epidermal cysts rarely occur in the extremities, especially in the palmoplantar region. Therefore, they can be easily misdiagnosed as warts or calluses. Here, we present our experience treating epidermal cysts in the extremities, including a very rare case of malignant transformation into squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: This retrospective study enrolled all patients who underwent excision of epidermoid cysts in the upper and lower extremities from March 2006 to April 2021.Results: Among 249 patients, there were 10 (seven male and three female patients) who had epidermal cysts in the extremities (4.0%). All four plantar cysts were located in weight-bearing areas. One palmar epidermal cyst occurred 33 years after the trauma. There was one case of a highly recurrent epidermal cyst on the heel that was eventually diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma arising from the cyst lining on excisional biopsy. After wide excision with a margin of 2 cm, the resulting defect was reconstructed using a free thoracodorsal artery perforator flap. Conclusion: Epidermoid cysts in the extremities, especially the palmoplantar region, are rare. Detailed history taking, including underlying diseases and trauma history, is helpful for diagnosis. Complete excision is necessary to avoid relapse and to confirm the final diagnosis, especially in cases suspected of malignant transformation arising from epidermoid cysts.
Chispas, cambio climático y actividades humanas. El triángulo de fuego que está quemando nuestros ecosistemas
Authors: Obando Cabrera Laura , Hantson Stijn , Barragán Barrera Dalia C
Published: November 2022

El fuego ha ocurrido naturalmente en los ecosistemas, volviéndose incluso esencial para la evolución de la biodiversidad en algunos de ellos. Pero, así como hay ecosistemas que literalmente surgen de las cenizas, existen otros que, por el contrario, se ven gravemente afectados por las conflagraciones. La intervención humana, sumada a las altas temperaturas derivadas del cambio climático, están creando el cóctel perfecto para que los incendios forestales sean cada vez más voraces. ¿Cuál es la chispa que inició todo?
Microcréditos: una promesa que no cumple las expectativas
Authors: Batz Aglaya , Garcia-Suaza Andres , Montes José Orlando , Flechas Claudia Jasmin
Published: November 2022

Nacieron para favorecer a los microempresarios, pero resulta que cuando el Banco de la República baja la tasa de interés, es el único producto en el que esta corrección no se refleja. El efecto es completamente diferente al esperado. Para llegar a esta conclusión los investigadores exploraron un histórico de los últimos 10 años de la Superintendencia Financiera de Colombia, la entidad que controla y maneja la información oficial, tanto de las tasas entregadas como de los desembolsos hechos por las entidades financieras, e igualmente revisaron las tasas del Banco de la República en ese mismo periodo de tiempo. Con esta información hicieron la correlación y análisis de los datos y así evidenciaron ese comportamiento de las tasas para los microcréditos.
Canine stress in the veterinary environment
Authors: Main Kate
Published: November 2022

The Cat Friendly Clinic, Dog Friendly Clinic and Rabbit Friendly Vet accreditation schemes recognise that vet visits can be fearful or distressing experiences for both pet and owner, and advocate making small changes within the clinic to make the vet visit calmer and easier for everyone. The first step in reducing canine stress within the veterinary environment is to understand why the veterinary experience might cause distress. Factors such as the clinic environment, situation stacking during the visit, and how dogs learn, are all worthy of exploration. Adapting the clinical environment and clinic–patient interactions, alongside educating owners about effective preparation for veterinary visits, can help make these calmer and easier for everyone involved.
Correlation of Relaxation Modeling Parameters of the Studied Polymer Blends at the Air/Water Interface
Authors: Pan Hui-Ting , Hsu Wen-Ping
Published: November 2022

The main studied mixed monolayers consisting of polyethylene-block-polycaprolactone ( PEO-b-PCL) and its component polymers with poly( vinyl phenol). It was shown previously that most of the area relaxation process of mixed monolayers could be well represented by a model considering the nucleation and growth mechanisms. The characteristic exponent x values were found to be slightly temperature dependent. The kx values were detected to decrease with increasing temperature. When PVPh was added into the most unstable PEO, the mixed monolayer films exhibited a remarkably improved stable relaxation behavior than PCL (or PEO-b-PCL). The characteristic exponent x and kx values were plotted vesus the A∞/A0 values. Mostly increasing characteristic exponent x and kx values with increasing A∞/A0 values were observed. For the PCL and PVPh monolayers, the xkx values were detected to increase with increasing A∞/A0 values. The xkx values of previously published stereoregular and different molecular weight PMMAs were also demonstrated to become larger with the increasing A∞/A0 values.
Analysis of Clinical Research Trends for Thread Embedding Acupuncture of Cervical Radiculopathy
Authors: Heo Eun Sil , Lee Hyun-Jong , Lee Jung Hee , Woo Sang Ha , Lee Yun Kyu , Choi Seong Hun , Kim Jae Soo
Published: November 2022

In this study, the evidence of thread embedding acupuncture (TEA) in treating cervical radiculopathy in randomized controlled trials was investigated. We searched 16 databases up to August 22, 2022. Of the 2,644 studies retrieved, 22 randomized controlled trials (2,483 participants) were selected. Quality assessments were performed using Cochrane’s risk-of-bias tool and RevMan 5.4 software. Outcome measures in the included studies typically showed TEA had a significant therapeutic effect compared with simple acupuncture and other remedies, and TEA was better than sham TEA. Catgut and polydioxanone had no difference in effectiveness, however, catgut was considered to be less safe. TEA was shown to be more therapeutic when inserted deeper into the skin. Ultrasound guided TEA was more effective and safer than conventional TEA, and using a flat blade needle was better than conventional needles for TEA. No serious adverse events were reported from using TEA, and only a few mild side effects were observed. However, the limited number and heterogeneity of the included studies, together with the unclear methodological quality, indicate that higher-quality studies need to be conducted to determine the effectiveness and safety of TEA for cervical radiculopathy.
Trends in SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence during England’s roadmap out of lockdown, January to July 2021
Authors: Eales Oliver , Wang Haowei , Haw David , Ainslie Kylie E. C. , Walters Caroline E. , Atchison Christina , Cooke Graham , Barclay Wendy , Ward Helen , Darzi Ara , Ashby Deborah , Donnelly Christl A. , Elliott Paul , Riley Steven
Published: November 2022

Background

Following rapidly rising COVID-19 case numbers, England entered a national lockdown on 6 January 2021, with staged relaxations of restrictions from 8 March 2021 onwards.

Aim

We characterise how the lockdown and subsequent easing of restrictions affected trends in SARS-CoV-2 infection prevalence.

Methods

On average, risk of infection is proportional to infection prevalence. The REal-time Assessment of Community Transmission-1 (REACT-1) study is a repeat cross-sectional study of over 98,000 people every round (rounds approximately monthly) that estimates infection prevalence in England. We used Bayesian P-splines to estimate prevalence and the time-varying reproduction number (Rt) nationally, regionally and by age group from round 8 (beginning 6 January 2021) to round 13 (ending 12 July 2021) of REACT-1. As a comparator, a separate segmented-exponential model was used to quantify the impact on Rt of each relaxation of restrictions.

Results

Following an initial plateau of 1.54% until mid-January, infection prevalence decreased until 13 May when it reached a minimum of 0.09%, before increasing until the end of the study to 0.76%. Following the first easing of restrictions, which included schools reopening, the reproduction number Rt increased by 82% (55%, 108%), but then decreased by 61% (82%, 53%) at the second easing of restrictions, which was timed to match the Easter school holidays. Following further relaxations of restrictions, the observed Rt increased steadily, though the increase due to these restrictions being relaxed was offset by the effects of vaccination and also affected by the rapid rise of Delta. There was a high degree of synchrony in the temporal patterns of prevalence between regions and age groups.

Conclusion

High-resolution prevalence data fitted to P-splines allowed us to show that the lockdown was effective at reducing risk of infection with school holidays/closures playing a significant part.
“All of the things to everyone everywhere”: A mixed methods analysis of community perspectives on equitable access to monoclonal antibody treatment for COVID-19
Authors: Kwan Bethany M. , Sobczak Chelsea , Gorman Carol , Roberts Samantha , Owen Vanessa , Wynia Matthew K. , Ginde Adit A. , Pena-Jackson Griselda , Ziegler Owen , Ross DeCamp Lisa
Published: November 2022

Background

Neutralizing monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment for COVID-19 prevents hospitalization and death but is underused, especially in racial/ethnic minority and rural populations. Reasons for underuse and inequity may include community member lack of awareness or healthcare access barriers, among others. This study assessed mAbs community awareness and opportunities for improving equitable mAb access.

Methods

A concurrent mixed methods study including surveys and focus groups with adults with high-risk conditions or their proxy decision-makers. Surveys and focus group guides addressed diffusion of innovation theory factors. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact method was used to report and compare survey findings by race and ethnicity. Rapid qualitative methods were used for focus group analysis.

Results

Surveys from 515 individuals (460 English, 54 Spanish, 1 Amharic), and 8 focus groups (6 English, 2 Spanish) with 69 participants, completed June 2021 to January 2022. Most survey respondents (75%) had heard little or nothing about mAbs, but 95% would consider getting mAb treatment. Hispanic/Latino and Non-Hispanic People of Color (POC) reported less awareness, greater concern about intravenous infusions, and less trust in mAb safety and effectiveness than White, Non-Hispanic respondents. Focus group themes included little awareness but high interest in mAb treatment and concerns about cost and access barriers such as lacking established sources of care and travel from rural communities. Focus groups revealed preferences for broad-reaching but tailored messaging strategies using multiple media and trusted community leaders.

Conclusions

Despite unfamiliarity with mAb treatment, most respondents were open to receiving mAbs or recommending mAbs to others. While mAb messaging should have broad reach “to everyone everywhere,” racial and geographic disparities in awareness and trust about mAbs underscore need for tailored messaging to promote equitable access. Care processes should address patient-level barriers like transportation, insurance, or primary care access. COVID-19 treatment dissemination strategies should promote health equity.
Weakly supervised learning for multi-organ adenocarcinoma classification in whole slide images
Authors: Tsuneki Masayuki , Kanavati Fahdi
Published: November 2022

The primary screening by automated computational pathology algorithms of the presence or absence of adenocarcinoma in biopsy specimens (e.g., endoscopic biopsy, transbronchial lung biopsy, and needle biopsy) of possible primary organs (e.g., stomach, colon, lung, and breast) and radical lymph node dissection specimen is very useful and should be a powerful tool to assist surgical pathologists in routine histopathological diagnostic workflow. In this paper, we trained multi-organ deep learning models to classify adenocarcinoma in biopsy and radical lymph node dissection specimens whole slide images (WSIs). We evaluated the models on five independent test sets (stomach, colon, lung, breast, lymph nodes) to demonstrate the feasibility in multi-organ and lymph nodes specimens from different medical institutions, achieving receiver operating characteristic areas under the curves (ROC-AUCs) in the range of 0.91 -0.98.
Experimental factors that impact CaV1.2 channel pharmacology—Effects of recording temperature, charge carrier, and quantification of drug effects on the step and ramp currents elicited by the “step-step-ramp” voltage protocol
Authors: Ren Ming , Randolph Aaron L. , Alvarez-Baron Claudia , Guo Donglin , Tran Phu N. , Thiebaud Nicolas , Sheng Jiansong , Zhao Jun , Wu Wendy W.
Published: November 2022

Background and purpose

CaV1.2 channels contribute to action potential upstroke in pacemaker cells, plateau potential in working myocytes, and initiate excitation-contraction coupling. Understanding drug action on CaV1.2 channels may inform potential impact on cardiac function. However, literature shows large degrees of variability between CaV1.2 pharmacology generated by different laboratories, casting doubt regarding the utility of these data to predict or interpret clinical outcomes. This study examined experimental factors that may impact CaV1.2 pharmacology.

Experimental approach

Whole cell recordings were made on CaV1.2 overexpression cells. Current was evoked using a “step-step-ramp” waveform that elicited a step and a ramp current. Experimental factors examined were: 1) near physiological vs. room temperature for recording, 2) drug inhibition of the step vs. the ramp current, and 3) Ca2+ vs. Ba2+ as the charge carrier. Eight drugs were studied.

Key results

CaV1.2 current exhibited prominent rundown, exquisite temperature sensitivity, and required a high degree of series resistance compensation to optimize voltage control. Temperature-dependent effects were examined for verapamil and methadone. Verapamil’s block potency shifted by up to 4X between room to near physiological temperature. Methadone exhibited facilitatory and inhibitory effects at near physiological temperature, and only inhibitory effect at room temperature. Most drugs inhibited the ramp current more potently than the step current—a preference enhanced when Ba2+ was the charge carrier. The slopes of the concentration-inhibition relationships for many drugs were shallow, temperature-dependent, and differed between the step and the ramp current.

Conclusions and implications

All experimental factors examined affected CaV1.2 pharmacology. In addition, whole cell CaV1.2 current characteristics—rundown, temperature sensitivity, and impact of series resistance—are also factors that can impact pharmacology. Drug effects on CaV1.2 channels appear more complex than simple pore block mechanism. Normalizing laboratory-specific approaches is key to improve inter-laboratory data reproducibility. Releasing original electrophysiology records is essential to promote transparency and enable the independent evaluation of data quality.
Predictions of household water affordability under conditions of climate change, demographic growth, and fresh groundwater depletion in a southwest US city indicate increasing burdens on the poor
Authors: Heyman Josiah M. , Mayer Alex , Alger Jessica
Published: November 2022

Reduced river flows and groundwater depletion as a result of climate change and population growth have increased the effort and difficulty accessing and processing water. In turn, residential water costs from municipal utilities are predicted to rise to unaffordable rates for poor residential water customers. Building on a regional conjunctive use model with future climate scenarios and 50-year future water supply plans, our study communicates the effects of climate change on poor people in El Paso, Texas, as water becomes more difficult and expensive to obtain in future years. Four scenarios for future water supply and future water costs were delineated based on expected impacts of climate change and groundwater depletion. Residential water use was calculated by census tract in El Paso, using basic needs indoor water use and evaporative cooling use as determinants of household water consumption. Based on household size and income data from the US Census, fraction of household income spent on water was determined. Results reveal that in the future, basic water supply will be a significant burden for 40% of all households in El Paso. Impacts are geographically concentrated in poor census tracts. Our study revealed that negative impacts from water resource depletion and increasing populations in El Paso will lead to costly and difficult water for El Paso water users. We provide an example of how to connect future resource scenarios, including those affected by climate change, to challenges of affordability for vulnerable consumers.
How providing public COVID-19 mitigation instructions in a foreign language can increase people’s sense of control
Authors: Saile Katharina , Munz Rafael , Hüttl-Maack Verena
Published: November 2022

Processing information in a learned foreign language can alter one’s judgment or cognitive evaluation of stimuli. Documented consequences include a reduction in perceived negativity and perceived severity of crime or diseases. The global COVID-19 pandemic has offered a unique opportunity to investigate this phenomenon in a real-life public health communication context. The aim of this study is to investigate how foreign language processing influences people’s reaction towards freedom-restrictive messages. In our experimental study (N = 605), we presented participants with pandemic mitigation instructions in their native language versus a learned foreign language and assessed their perceived sense of control, cognitive evaluation of the instructions, and the intention to adhere to them. The results indicated that the use of a foreign language influenced people’s perceived sense of control in a way that might intuitively be surprising: foreign language enhanced sense of control. This positively influenced the cognitive evaluation of the instructions’ effectiveness and the intention to comply with them. The present research demonstrates that foreign language processing influences individuals’ responses to specific, real-life instructions. Our results provide important contributions to the literature on foreign language effects and public communication and enable practitioners to more accurately predict recipient responses to global crisis communications.