bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The RUBISCO to Photosystem II Ratio Limits the Maximum Photosynthetic Rate in Picocyanobacteria
Authors: Zorz Jackie , Allanach Jessica , Murphy Cole , Roodvoets Mitchell , Campbell Douglas , Cockshutt Amanda
Published: February 2015

Marine Synechococcus and Prochlorococcus are picocyanobacteria predominating in subtropical, oligotrophic marine environments, a niche predicted to expand with climate change. When grown under common low light conditions Synechococcus WH 8102 and Prochlorococcus MED 4 show similar Cytochrome b6f and Photosystem I contents normalized to Photosystem II content, while Prochlorococcus MIT 9313 has twice the Cytochrome b6f content and four times the Photosystem I content of the other strains. Interestingly, the Prochlorococcus strains contain only one third to one half of the RUBISCO catalytic subunits compared to the marine Synechococcus strain. The maximum Photosystem II electron transport rates were similar for the two Prochlorococcus strains but higher for the marine Synechococcus strain. Photosystem II electron transport capacity is highly correlated to the molar ratio of RUBISCO active sites to Photosystem II but not to the ratio of cytochrome b6f to Photosystem II, nor to the ratio of Photosystem I: Photosystem II. Thus, the catalytic capacity for the rate-limiting step of carbon fixation, the ultimate electron sink, appears to limit electron transport rates. The high abundance of Cytochrome b6f and Photosystem I in MIT 9313, combined with the slower flow of electrons away from Photosystem II and the relatively low level of RUBISCO, are consistent with cyclic electron flow around Photosystem I in this strain.
Vacuum Die Casting Process and Simulation for Manufacturing 0.8 mm-Thick Aluminum Plate with Four Maze Shapes
Authors: Jin Chul , Jang Chang , Kang Chung
Published: February 2015

Using vacuum die casting, 0.8 mm-thick plates in complicated shapes are manufactured with the highly castable aluminum alloy Silafont-36 (AlSi9MgMn). The sizes and shapes of the cavities, made of thin plates, feature four different mazes. To investigate formability and mechanical properties by shot condition, a total of six parameters (melt temperatures of 730 °C and 710 °C; plunger speeds of 3.0 m/s and 2.5 m/s; vacuum pressure of 250 mbar and no vacuum) are varied in experiments, and corresponding simulations are performed. Simulation results obtained through MAGMA software show similar tendencies to those of the experiments. When the melt pouring temperature is set to 730 °C rather than 710 °C, formability and mechanical properties are superior, and when the plunger speed is set to 3.0 m/s rather than to 2.5 m/s, a fine, even structure is obtained with better mechanical properties. The non-vacuumed sample is half unfilled. The tensile strength and elongation of the sample fabricated under a melt temperature of 730 °C, plunger speed of 3.0 m/s, and vacuum pressure of 250 mbar are 265 MPa and 8.5%, respectively.
Identification of Multiple Bacteriocins in Enterococcus spp. Using an Enterococcus-Specific Bacteriocin PCR Array
Authors: Henning Chris , Gautam Dhiraj , Muriana Peter
Published: February 2015

Twenty-two bacteriocin-producing Enterococcus isolates obtained from food and animal sources, and demonstrating activity against Listeria monocytogenes, were screened for bacteriocin-related genes using a bacteriocin PCR array based on known enterococcal bacteriocin gene sequences in the NCBI GenBank database. The 22 bacteriocin-positive (Bac+) enterococci included En. durans (1), En. faecalis (4), En. faecium (12), En. hirae (3), and En. thailandicus (2). Enterocin A (entA), enterocins mr10A and mr10B (mr10AB), and bacteriocin T8 (bacA) were the most commonly found structural genes in order of decreasing prevalence. Forty-five bacteriocin genes were identified within the 22 Bac+ isolates, each containing at least one of the screened structural genes. Of the 22 Bac+ isolates, 15 possessed two bacteriocin genes, seven isolates contained three different bacteriocins, and three isolates contained as many as four different bacteriocin genes. These results may explain the high degree of bactericidal activity observed with various Bac+ Enterococcus spp. Antimicrobial activity against wild-type L. monocytogenes and a bacteriocin-resistant variant demonstrated bacteriocins having different modes-of-action. Mixtures of bacteriocins, especially those with different modes-of-action and having activity against foodborne pathogens, such as L. monocytogenes, may play a promising role in the preservation of food.
The ANIBES Study on Energy Balance in Spain: Design, Protocol and Methodology
Authors: Ruiz Emma , Ávila José , Castillo Adrián , Valero Teresa , Del Pozo Susana , Rodriguez Paula , Bartrina Javier , Gil Ángel , González-Gross Marcela , Ortega Rosa , Serra-Majem Lluis , Varela-Moreiras Gregorio
Published: February 2015

Energy Balance (EB) is an important topic to understand how an imbalance in its main determinants (energy intake and consumption) may lead to inappropriate weight gain, considered to be “dynamic” and not “static”. There are no studies to evaluate EB in Spain, and new technologies reveal themselves as key tools to solve common problems to precisely quantify energy consumption and expenditure at population level. The overall purpose of the ANIBES (“Anthropometry, Intake and Energy Balance”) Study was to carry out an accurate updating of food and beverage intake, dietary habits/behaviour and anthropometric data of the Spanish population (9–75 years, n = 2009), as well as the energy expenditure and physical activity patterns. Anthropometry measurements (weight, height, body mass index, waist circumference, % body fat, % body water) were obtained; diet was evaluated throughout a three-day dietary record (tablet device) accompanied by a 24 h-dietary recall; physical activity was quantified by questionnaire and accelerometers were also employed. Finally, information about perception and understanding of several issues related to EB was also obtained. The ANIBES study will contribute to provide valuable useful data to inform food policy planning, food based dietary guidelines development and other health oriented actions in Spain.
Ginseng Protects Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus by Modulating Multiple Immune Cells and Inhibiting Viral Replication
Authors: Lee Jong , Lee Yu-Na , Lee Young-Tae , Hwang Hye , Kim Ki-Hye , Ko Eun-Ju , Kim Min-Chul , Kang Sang-Moo
Published: February 2015

Ginseng has been used in humans for thousands of years but its effects on viral infection have not been well understood. We investigated the effects of red ginseng extract (RGE) on respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection using in vitro cell culture and in vivo mouse models. RGE partially protected human epithelial (HEp2) cells from RSV-induced cell death and viral replication. In addition, RGE significantly inhibited the production of RSV-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) in murine dendritic and macrophage-like cells. More importantly, RGE intranasal pre-treatment prevented loss of mouse body weight after RSV infection. RGE treatment improved lung viral clearance and enhanced the production of interferon (IFN-γ) in bronchoalveolar lavage cells upon RSV infection of mice. Analysis of cellular phenotypes in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids showed that RGE treatment increased the populations of CD8+ T cells and CD11c+ dendritic cells upon RSV infection of mice. Taken together, these results provide evidence that ginseng has protective effects against RSV infection through multiple mechanisms, which include improving cell survival, partial inhibition of viral replication and modulation of cytokine production and types of immune cells migrating into the lung.
Black Tea Lowers Blood Pressure and Wave Reflections in Fasted and Postprandial Conditions in Hypertensive Patients: A Randomised Study
Authors: Grassi Davide , Draijer Richard , Desideri Giovambattista , Mulder Theo , Ferri Claudio
Published: February 2015

Hypertension and arterial stiffening are independent predictors of cardiovascular mortality. Flavonoids may exert some vascular protection. We investigated the effects of black tea on blood pressure (BP) and wave reflections before and after fat load in hypertensives. According to a randomized, double-blind, controlled, cross-over design, 19 patients were assigned to consume black tea (129 mg flavonoids) or placebo twice a day for eight days (13 day wash-out period). Digital volume pulse and BP were measured before and 1, 2, 3 and 4 h after tea consumption. Measurements were performed in a fasted state and after a fat load. Compared to placebo, reflection index and stiffness index decreased after tea consumption (p < 0.0001). Fat challenge increased wave reflection, which was counteracted by tea consumption (p < 0.0001). Black tea decreased systolic and diastolic BP (−3.2 mmHg, p < 0.005 and −2.6 mmHg, p < 0.0001; respectively) and prevented BP increase after a fat load (p < 0.0001). Black tea consumption lowers wave reflections and BP in the fasting state, and during the challenging haemodynamic conditions after a fat load in hypertensives. Considering lipemia-induced impairment of arterial function may occur frequently during the day, our findings suggest regular consumption of black tea may be relevant for cardiovascular protection.
Role of Dietary Pattern Analysis in Determining Cognitive Status in Elderly Australian Adults
Authors: Ashby-Mitchell Kimberly , Peeters Anna , Anstey Kaarin
Published: February 2015

Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to determine the association between dietary patterns and cognitive function and to examine how classification systems based on food groups and food items affect levels of association between diet and cognitive function. The present study focuses on the older segment of the Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab) sample (age 60+) that completed the food frequency questionnaire at Wave 1 (1999/2000) and the mini-mental state examination and tests of memory, verbal ability and processing speed at Wave 3 (2012). Three methods were used in order to classify these foods before applying PCA. In the first instance, the 101 individual food items asked about in the questionnaire were used (no categorisation). In the second and third instances, foods were combined and reduced to 32 and 20 food groups, respectively, based on nutrient content and culinary usage—a method employed in several other published studies for PCA. Logistic regression analysis and generalized linear modelling was used to analyse the relationship between PCA-derived dietary patterns and cognitive outcome. Broader food group classifications resulted in a greater proportion of food use variance in the sample being explained (use of 101 individual foods explained 23.22% of total food use, while use of 32 and 20 food groups explained 29.74% and 30.74% of total variance in food use in the sample, respectively). Three dietary patterns were found to be associated with decreased odds of cognitive impairment (CI). Dietary patterns derived from 101 individual food items showed that for every one unit increase in ((Fruit and Vegetable Pattern: p = 0.030, OR 1.061, confidence interval: 1.006–1.118); (Fish, Legumes and Vegetable Pattern: p = 0.040, OR 1.032, confidence interval: 1.001–1.064); (Dairy, Cereal and Eggs Pattern: p = 0.003, OR 1.020, confidence interval: 1.007–1.033)), the odds of cognitive impairment decreased. Different results were observed when the effect of dietary patterns on memory, processing speed and vocabulary were examined. Complex patterns of associations between dietary factors and cognition were evident, with the most consistent finding being the protective effects of high vegetable and plant-based food item consumption and negative effects of ‘Western’ patterns on cognition. Further long-term studies and investigation of the best methods for dietary measurement are needed to better understand diet-disease relationships in this age group.
Assessing Habitat Quality of Forest-Corridors through NDVI Analysis in Dry Tropical Forests of South India: Implications for Conservation
Authors: Mallegowda Paramesha , Rengaian Ganesan , Krishnan Jayalakshmi , Niphadkar Madhura
Published: February 2015

Most wildlife habitats and migratory routes are extremely threatened due to increasing demands on forestland and forest resources by burgeoning human population. Corridor landscape in Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple Tiger Reserve (BRT) is one among them, subjected to various anthropogenic pressures. Human habitation, intensive farming, coffee plantations, ill-planned infrastructure developments and rapid spreading of invasive plant species Lantana camara, pose a serious threat to wildlife habitat and their migration. Aim of this work is to create detailed NDVI based land change maps and to use them to identify time-series trends in greening and browning in forest corridors in the study area and to identify the drivers that are influencing the observed changes. Over the four decades in BRT, NDVI increased in the core area of the forest and reduced in the fringe areas. The change analysis between 1973 and 2014 shows significant changes; browning due to anthropogenic activities as well as natural processes and greening due to Lantana spread. This indicates that the change processes are complex, involving multiple driving factors, such as socio-economic changes, high population growth, historical forest management practices and policies. Our study suggests that the use of updated and accurate change detection maps will be useful in taking appropriate site specific action-oriented conservation decisions to restore and manage the degraded critical wildlife corridors in human-dominated landscape.
Amplification of the Signal Intensity of Fluorescence-Based Fiber-Optic Biosensors Using a Fabry-Perot Resonator Structure
Authors: Hsieh Meng-Chang , Chiu Yi-Hsin , Lin Sheng-Fu , Chang Jenq-Yang , Chang Chia-Ou , Chiang Huihua
Published: February 2015

Fluorescent biosensors have been widely used in biomedical applications. To amplify the intensity of fluorescence signals, this study developed a novel structure for an evanescent wave fiber-optic biosensor by using a Fabry-Perot resonator structure. An excitation light was coupled into the optical fiber through a laser-drilled hole on the proximal end of the resonator. After entering the resonator, the excitation light was reflected back and forth inside the resonator, thereby amplifying the intensity of the light in the fiber. Subsequently, the light was used to excite the fluorescent molecules in the reactive region of the sensor. The experimental results showed that the biosensor signal was amplified eight-fold when the resonator reflector was formed using a 92% reflective coating. Furthermore, in a simulation, the biosensor signal could be amplified 20-fold by using a 99% reflector.
Structure-from-Motion Approach for Characterization of Bioerosion Patterns Using UAV Imagery
Authors: Genchi Sibila , Vitale Alejandro , Perillo Gerardo , Delrieux Claudio
Published: February 2015

The aim of this work is to evaluate the applicability of the 3D model obtained through Structure-from-Motion (SFM) from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery, in order to characterize bioerosion patterns (i.e., cavities for roosting and nesting) caused by burrowing parrots on a cliff in Bahía Blanca, Argentina. The combined use of SFM-UAV technology was successfully applied for the 3D point cloud model reconstruction. The local point density, obtained by means of a sphere of radius equal to 0.5 m, reached a mean value of 9749, allowing to build a high-resolution model (0.013 m) for resolving fine spatial details in topography. To test the model, we compared it with another point cloud dataset which was created using a low cost do-it-yourself terrestrial laser scanner; the results showed that our georeferenced model had a good accuracy. In addition, an innovative method for the detection of the bioerosion features was implemented, through the processing of data provided by SFM like color and spatial coordinates (particularly the y coordinate). From the 3D model, we also derived topographic calculations such as slope angle and surface roughness, to get associations between the surface topography and bioerosion features.
Development of a Moisture-in-Solid-Insulation Sensor for Power Transformers
Authors: García Belén , García Diego , Robles Guillermo
Published: February 2015

Moisture is an important variable that must be kept under control to guarantee a safe operation of power transformers. Because of the hydrophilic character of cellulose, water mainly remains in the solid insulation, while just a few parts per million are dissolved in oil. The distribution of moisture between paper and oil is not static, but varies depending on the insulation temperature, and thus, water migration processes take place continuously during transformers operation. In this work, a sensor is presented that allows the determination of the moisture content of the transformer solid insulation in the steady state and during the moisture migration processes. The main objective of the design is that the electrodes of the sensor should not obstruct the movement of water from the solid insulation to the oil, so the proposed prototype uses a metallic-mesh electrode to do the measurements. The measurement setup is based on the characterization of the insulation dielectric response by means of the frequency dielectric spectroscopy (FDS) method. The sensitivity of the proposed sensor has been tested on samples with a moisture content within 1% to 5%, demonstrating the good sensitivity and repeatability of the measurements.
Chain-Based Communication in Cylindrical Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Javaid Nadeem , Jafri Mohsin , Khan Zahoor , Alrajeh Nabil , Imran Muhammad , Vasilakos Athanasios
Published: February 2015

Appropriate network design is very significant for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). Application-oriented UWSNs are planned to achieve certain objectives. Therefore, there is always a demand for efficient data routing schemes, which can fulfill certain requirements of application-oriented UWSNs. These networks can be of any shape, i.e., rectangular, cylindrical or square. In this paper, we propose chain-based routing schemes for application-oriented cylindrical networks and also formulate mathematical models to find a global optimum path for data transmission. In the first scheme, we devise four interconnected chains of sensor nodes to perform data communication. In the second scheme, we propose routing scheme in which two chains of sensor nodes are interconnected, whereas in third scheme single-chain based routing is done in cylindrical networks. After finding local optimum paths in separate chains, we find global optimum paths through their interconnection. Moreover, we develop a computational model for the analysis of end-to-end delay. We compare the performance of the above three proposed schemes with that of Power Efficient Gathering System in Sensor Information Systems (PEGASIS) and Congestion adjusted PEGASIS (C-PEGASIS). Simulation results show that our proposed 4-chain based scheme performs better than the other selected schemes in terms of network lifetime, end-to-end delay, path loss, transmission loss, and packet sending rate.
Eye-Safe Lidar System for Pesticide Spray Drift Measurement
Authors: Gregorio Eduard , Rocadenbosch Francesc , Sanz Ricardo , Rosell-Polo Joan
Published: February 2015

Spray drift is one of the main sources of pesticide contamination. For this reason, an accurate understanding of this phenomenon is necessary in order to limit its effects. Nowadays, spray drift is usually studied by using in situ collectors which only allow time-integrated sampling of specific points of the pesticide clouds. Previous research has demonstrated that the light detection and ranging (lidar) technique can be an alternative for spray drift monitoring. This technique enables remote measurement of pesticide clouds with high temporal and distance resolution. Despite these advantages, the fact that no lidar instrument suitable for such an application is presently available has appreciably limited its practical use. This work presents the first eye-safe lidar system specifically designed for the monitoring of pesticide clouds. Parameter design of this system is carried out via signal-to-noise ratio simulations. The instrument is based on a 3-mJ pulse-energy erbium-doped glass laser, an 80-mm diameter telescope, an APD optoelectronic receiver and optomechanically adjustable components. In first test measurements, the lidar system has been able to measure a topographic target located over 2 km away. The instrument has also been used in spray drift studies, demonstrating its capability to monitor the temporal and distance evolution of several pesticide clouds emitted by air-assisted sprayers at distances between 50 and 100 m.
The Anti-Cancer Potency and Mechanism of a Novel Tumor-Activated Fused Toxin, DLM
Authors: Sun Dejun , Sun Miaonan , Zhu Wenhe , Wang Zhiding , Li Yuefei , Ma Jie
Published: February 2015

Melittin, which acts as a membrane-disrupting lytic peptide, is not only cytotoxic to tumors, but also vital to normal cells. Melittin had low toxicity when coupled with target peptides. Despite significant research development with the fused toxin, a new fused toxin is needed which has a cleavable linker such that the fused toxin can release melittin after protease cleavage on the tumor cell surface. We describe a novel fused toxin, composed of disintegrin, uPA (urokinase-type plasminogen activator)-cleavable linker, and melittin. Disintegrin is a single strand peptide (73 aa) isolated from Gloydius Ussuriensis venom. The RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) site of disintegrin dominates its interaction with integrins on the surface of the tumor cells. uPA is over-expressed and plays an important role in tumor cell invasiveness and metastatic progression. The DLM (disintegrin-linker-melittin) linker is uPA-cleavable, enabling DLM to release melittin. We compared binding activity of our synthesized disintegrin with native disintegrin and report that DLM had less binding activity than the native form. uPA-cleavage was evaluated in vitro and the uPA-cleavable linker released melittin. Treating tumors expressing uPA with DLM enhanced tumor cell killing as well as reduced toxicity to erythrocytes and other non-cancerous normal cells. The mechanism behind DLM tumor cell killing was tested using a DNA ladder assay, fluorescent microscopy, flow cytometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Data revealed tumor cell necrosis as the mechanism of cell death, and the fused DLM toxin with an uPA-cleavable linker enhanced tumor selectivity and killing ability.
Automatic Calibration Tool for Hydrologic Simulation Program-FORTRAN Using a Shuffled Complex Evolution Algorithm
Authors: Seong Chounghyun , Her Younggu , Benham Brian
Published: February 2015

Hydrologic Simulation Program-Fortran (HSPF) model calibration is typically done manually due to the lack of an automated calibration tool as well as the difficulty of balancing objective functions to be considered. This paper discusses the development and demonstration of an automated calibration tool for HSPF (HSPF-SCE). HSPF-SCE was developed using the open source software “R”. The tool employs the Shuffled Complex Evolution optimization algorithm (SCE-UA) to produce a pool of qualified calibration parameter sets from which the modeler chooses a single set of calibrated parameters. Six calibration criteria specified in the Expert System for the Calibration of HSPF (HSPEXP) decision support tool were combined to develop a single, composite objective function for HSPF-SCE. The HSPF-SCE tool was demonstrated, and automated and manually calibrated model performance were compared using three Virginia watersheds, where HSPF models had been previously prepared for bacteria total daily maximum load (TMDL) development. The example applications demonstrate that HSPF-SCE can be an effective tool for calibrating HSPF.
La maison en hauteur : un phénomène zonal de l'Ancien Monde (The multistoried house, a zonal fact of the ancient world)
Authors: de Planhol Xavier
Published: February 2015

The multistoried rural house, whose genesis is to be found in a close adaptation to hilly topographies, and which obviously originated in many parts of the alpino-himalayan belt, is excluded from too northern countries where it is impossible to heat sufficiently the upper floor, and from southern countries where too mild winters do not require stalling of cattle. So we observe it at middle latitude, from Atlantic to the Eastern Himalaya.
Les sécheresses historiques de la Mauritanie(Historical droughts pf Mauritania)
Authors: Toupet Charles
Published: February 2015

Travellers' tales and local chronicles give some information about the historical evolution of climate during the last thousand years ; all written and oral witnesses concerning this dark past, as yet dispersed, must be traced down.
The question of permanent aridity in the central Sahara
Authors: Meckelein Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Les conditions climatiques ont été en permanence arides à subarides depuis le Pliocène dans les vastes plaines qui s'étendent à l'ouest du Hoggar et au nord du Tibesti. La question reste en suspens pour les plaines du Sahara centre-oriental.
Les critères de reconnaissance des phases arides quaternaires du Maghreb : l'exemple des Aurès (Algérie)(Arid quaternary phases in the Aures, Algérie)
Authors: Ballais Jean-Louis
Published: February 2015

Les Arides quaternaires dans les Aurès et leurs piémonts se marquent surtout par des formes et formations éoliennes (dunes sableuses et limoneuses, mais aussi croûtes gypseuses et croûtes calcaires zonées et corrasion des outils préhistoriques). L'entaille linéaire du réseau hydrographique et certains travertins se placent aussi au cours de l'Aride.
Le matériel de deux édifices dunaires postérieurs au dernier Pluvial (Nord du Mali et Sud-Ouest du Maroc)(Post late-pluvial aeolian dunes in Mali and Morocco)
Authors: Coude-Gaussen Geneviève , Riser Jean , Rognon Pierre , Weisrock André
Published: February 2015

Aeolian sands were analyzed from km to km along the In Kous- samene erg (Mali) and the Cap Sim (Morocco). They show that. 1 ° With an increase in transport distance from a common source area, the ratio of quartz to shelly limes tone, or quartz to gypsum and clay increases. 2° A part of silt is formed by mechanical reduction of sand-sized marine organisms, clay and gypsum particles during aeolian transport. 3° The setting in motion of dust is very active near the source area of the aeolian sands.
Dunes moghrébiennes et aridité sur la côte atlantique du Maroc(Late-pliocene dunes and aridity on atlantic coast of Morocco)
Authors: Weisrock André
Published: February 2015

La reconstitution des directions de paléovents responsables des édifices sableux de la rasa maghrébienne, effectuée en 13 localités du Pays Haha, montre l'existence d'un vent de Nord renforcé, et donc d'une ou plusieurs phases d'accroissement, au moins saisonnier, de l'aridité.
Positronenemissionstomographie 2013 in Deutschland
Authors: Oehme L. , Grosse J. , Hellwig D. , Arbeitsausschuss PET der DGN , Kotzerke J.
Published: February 2015

Ziel: In einer aktualisierten Umfrage des Arbeitsausschusses Positronenemissionstomographie (PET) der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Nuklearmedizin (DGN) sollten Informationen zum Einsatz der PET- und PET/CT-Diagnostik in Deutschland im Jahre 2013 ermittelt werden. Methoden: Die Daten wurden retrospektiv anhand eines gemeldeten Online-Fragebogens erfasst. Angaben zur Verfügbarkeit von Ärzten, Geräten und Radiopharmaka sowie zu Indikationen und Untersuchungszahlen wurden ausgewertet. Ebenso wurden Fragen zur Einordnung der PET und PET/CT in den diagnostischen Prozess untersucht. Zusätzlich wurde die in offiziell verfügbaren Krankenhausstatistiken dokumentierte Leistungserbringung analysiert. Ergebnisse: Ausgewertet wurde die Selbstauskunft von 52 Einrichtungen, welche rund 38 350 Untersuchungen in 2013 durchführten. Diese waren zu 87% der Onkologie zuzuordnen, auf Neurologie, Entzündungsdiagnostik und Kardiologie entfielen 7%, 5% bzw. 1%. Etwa 85% der Untersuchungen wurden durch Universitätskliniken und Krankenhäuser erbracht, 26% entfielen auf vollstationäre Fälle. Für die Bildgebung wurden meist Hybridgeräte genutzt (56 PET/ CT, 5 PET/MRT, nur 2 PET). Zu 90% wurden 18F-Radiopharmaka eingesetzt (68Ga 9%, 11C 1%). Als häufigste Tumorentitäten wurden Lungentumore (40%), maligne Lymphome (8%), gastrointestinale Tumore (5%) und NET (5%) genannt. Insgesamt waren 333 Ärzte im PET-Bereich tätig, davon 20% mit PET-Zertifikat. Reichlich 50% der Einrichtungen waren nach ISO9001, KTQ oder QEP zertifiziert. Fast 60% der onkologischen Untersuchungen wurden in einem interdisziplinären Tumorboard besprochen. Für den stationären Versorgungsbereich zeigte sich ein Zuwachs an PET-Leistungen von 56% innerhalb von 5 Jahren. Schlussfolgerung: Die PET-Diagnostik in Deutschland erfährt einen moderaten Zuwachs von ca. 9% pro Jahr, wird im internationalen Vergleich jedoch nach wie vor zurückhaltend eingesetzt.
An invasive plant alters phenotypic selection on the vegetative growth of a native congener
Authors: Beans Carolyn M. , Roach Deborah A.
Published: February 2015

• Premise of the study: The ecological consequences of plant competition have frequently been tested, but the evolutionary outcomes of these interactions have gone largely unexplored. The study of species invasions can make an important contribution to this field of research by allowing us to watch ecological and evolutionary processes unfold as a novel species is integrated into a plant community. We explored the ecological and evolutionary impact of an invasive jewelweed, Impatiens glandulifera, on a closely related native congener, I. capensis and asked: (1) Does the presence of the invasive jewelweed alter the fitness of native jewelweed populations? (2) Does the invasive jewelweed affect the vegetative growth of the native congener? and (3) Does the invasive jewelweed alter phenotypic selection on the vegetative traits of the native congener?

• Methods: We used a greenhouse competition experiment, an invasive species removal field experiment, and a survey of natural populations.

• Key results: We show that when the invasive jewelweed is present, phenotypic selection favors native jewelweed individuals investing less in rapid upward growth and more in branching and fruiting potential through the production of nodes.

• Conclusions: This research demonstrates that invasive plants have the potential to greatly alter natural selection on native competitors. Studies investigating altered selection in invaded communities can reveal the potential evolutionary impact of invasive competitors, while deepening our understanding of the more general role of competition in driving plant evolution and permitting species coexistence.
Réanalyse et attractions analogiques : l'exemple des constructions infinitives du français
Authors: Berrendonner Alain
Published: February 2015

Dans le passage de l’ordre des mots « ancien » Je le dois faire au « moderne » Je dois le faire , on a pu voir la trace d’une restructuration des constructions infinitives : d’abord traitées comme des lexies verbales [auxiliaire+infinitif] (= construction C1), elles auraient été ensuite réanalysées en syntagmes [verbe recteur+proposition infinitive argument] (= construction C2). Un examen des données montre qu’en fait, chacune de ces deux structurations a exercé sur l’autre une influence analogique, donnant naissance à une variante hybride de sa concurrente. Si c’est la construction C2 et l’hybride qu’elle a suscité qui se sont imposées au fil du temps, cela tient à des raisons d’optimalité. Le principal changement diachronique qui en est résulté est le développement d’une catégorie originale d’auxiliaires de prédicat. La reconversion d’auxiliaires de verbes en auxiliaires de prédicats va, à certains égards, dans le sens d’une dé-grammaticalisation.
Réanalyses dans la graphie : ‘l'écrit spontané' dans les SMS et le statut des pronoms clitiques du français contemporain
Authors: Stark Elisabeth
Published: February 2015

L’analyse manuelle des premiers 400 SMS français dans le corpus suisse de sms (cf. www.sms4science.ch ) selon la réalisation graphique des pronoms clitiques sujet et objet (agglutination / ‘fusion’ totale avec le verbe conjugué, comme dans chu à la bourre , je suis en train de travailler , ou omission totale, comme dans suis désolée pour ta sale nuit ) mène aux résultats suivants : les pronoms clitiques sujet subissent souvent de fortes modifications graphiques (agglutinations, fusions), mais sont aussi régulièrement omis, leur caractère topical le permettant. C’est un résultat contradictoire : le premier comportement parle en faveur, le deuxième contre leur statut réanalysé comme affixes/marqueurs d’accord. Cela vaut aussi pour les clitiques objet : ils ne sont que rarement agglutinés/fusionnés graphiquement au verbe suivant (= pas d’affixes ?), mais ne sont pratiquement jamais omis (= marqueurs d’accord ?).
Villégiature et formation des banlieues résidentielles
Authors: Rabault-Mazières Isabelle
Published: February 2015

Parti du constat de la coïncidence entre géographie de la villégiature au XIX e siècle et géographie actuelle de la banlieue résidentielle, l’article s’interroge sur le rôle joué par la villégiature bourgeoise dans la formation des banlieues résidentielles de Paris. Après avoir mis en évidence l’impact des maisons de campagne dans le parc immobilier mais aussi la fragilité de ces espaces résidentiels, l’étude de deux lotissements de villégiature et le suivi de leurs « usagers » dans les matrices mobilières permettent d’analyser concrètement le rôle contrasté joué par la villégiature dans le processus de peuplement.
Du projet utopique à la réalité
Authors: Villaret Sylvain
Published: February 2015

C’est en 1931 que les docteurs G. et A. Durville entreprennent de fonder sur l’île du Levant la première commune naturiste de France : Héliopolis. Au-delà du symbole, il s’agit aussi d’offrir au plus grand nombre un lieu propice à la pratique du naturisme durant les vacances estivales. Dépassant le rêve d’une cité utopique, les frères Durville concrétisent pour partie leurs ambitions. En retraçant, la genèse et le premier essor d’Héliopolis, notre propos est de montrer que c’est en « jouant » la carte du tourisme et des loisirs qu’ils s’efforcent d’aménager de façon pérenne une cité qui non seulement satisfasse à l’idéologie naturiste, mais obtienne également la reconnaissance des autorités publiques. Reste que si l’objectif de fonder une micro-société naturiste se révèle rapidement un échec. Héliopolis s’affirme comme une cité de loisirs emblématique et annonce, in fine , l’avènement d’un naturisme de masse de plus en plus hédoniste.
« Le repaire et la bergerie des brebis du Seigneur au milieu de la France »
Authors: Foa Jérémie
Published: February 2015

Parce qu’elle est à la fois la capitale du protestantisme (1562-1568) et le front pionnier de la reconquête catholique (1568-1572), Orléans expérimente successivement tous les cas de figure de la biconfessionalité urbaine : domination protestante (avril 1562-mars 1563 et septembre 1567-mars 1568) puis domination catholique (à partir de mars 1568) ; coexistence pacifique (mars 1563-septembre 1567), puis affrontements violents (1568-1572), qui culminent avec le massacre de la Saint-Barthélemy. Se joue à Orléans, en accéléré et avec une intensité inédite, ce qu’on observe dans le royaume de France sur le temps long des guerres de Religion : le passage de l’espoir d’une Réforme à la française à la dépossession huguenote. Cet article ambitionne d’interroger la défaite des réformés à travers les questions d’espace, en faisant du paysage urbain non simplement le cadre, mais bien un acteur décisif du conflit confessionnel et de la déprise protestante.
Entre confiture et photographie, notes sur la couleur subjonctive
Authors: Lecerf Guy
Published: February 2015

Que se passe-t-il entre les actes de la confiture et ceux de la photographie ? De quel jeu s’agit-il ? Il se fait que j’imagine, j’invente mon quotidien et, à l’occasion, je parle de couleur. Ainsi dans la série Oasis, Miroirs Myrtilles (2010), je peux passer – là au bord d’un chaudron de confitures en ébullition – de la catastrophe dans sa banalité à la photographie. Ce passage peut se comprendre en termes de dépiction ou de proposition : la dépiction (Stephen Kosselyn, 2006) s’intéresse aux variations de colorations, à l’ambiguïté de l’image, à sa picturalité. A contrario , l’identification de la couleur impose la proposition et, en particulier, la dénomination. L’analyse propositionnelle ouvre sur une « grammaire » fondée sur des modes ; d’où la notion de « couleur subjonctive » (Hilary Putnam, 1983) qui envisage la couleur comme une potentialité, le fait qu’elle puisse avoir un avenir dans l’esprit de celui qui la voit et qui en parle. Cette notion permet de mieux saisir ce qui, par la modalité subjonctive de la proposition de couleur, me relie au monde commun et, chaque jour, me fait inventer et imaginer des mondes possibles et imprévisibles dans une sorte de balancement sans fin entre confiture et déconfiture.
Re-penser l'ordinaire en milieu hospitalier : quand la danse contemporaine entre à l'hôpital
Authors: Charliac Chloé
Published: February 2015

L’hôpital et la danse contemporaine appartiennent a priori à deux mondes que tout oppose. Cependant, dans ce lieu où règnent la science et la rationalité, nous observerons que l’art chorégraphique n’est pas dénué d’efficacité dans la prise en charge des souffrances du corps, en agissant auprès de différents publics et à différentes échelles. La danse à l’hôpital permet ainsi de repenser les relations soignants-soignés, le quotidien hospitalier, notre imaginaire collectif du corps et les circulations au sein du territoire urbain.
Automobilités postmodernes : quand l'Autolib' fait sensation à Paris
Authors: Tremblay Jean-Pierre
Published: February 2015

Le présent article vise à mettre au jour les soubassements imaginaires d’un objet socio-technique urbain contemporain : l’Autolib’. Sur la base d’une enquête de terrain approfondie, elle-même couplée à une phénoménologie herméneutique consistante, nous montrons que la petite voiture de location d’apparence anodine, mise en place à Paris en 2011, se révèle être un indicateur privilégié d’une dynamique macrosociale sous-jacente : soit le passage d’une épistémè « moderne » à une épistémè « postmoderne ». À travers l’examen de l’esthétique du véhicule (que l’on caractérise comme poly-identificatoire), comme de ses caractéristiques et fonctionnalités les plus saillantes (la voiture électrique connectée illustre le topos contemporain de « l’enracinement dynamique »), nous mettons au jour les diverses modalités socio-anthropologiques qui permettent d’envisager l’objet « Autolib’ » comme le produit/producteur, parmi d’autres choses, d’un nouveau « bassin sémantique ».
Design and Development of the Atlas Human-Powered Helicopter
Authors: Robertson Cameron D. , Reichert Todd M.
Published: February 2015

AeroVelo initiated the Atlas Human-Powered Helicopter Project in August 2011 to win the AHS Sikorsky Prize, which despite prior attempts had remained unclaimed for over 30 years. The Sikorsky Prize required a human-powered helicopter to sustain flight for 60 s, momentarily reach
a height of 3 m, and maintain position within a 10 m × 10 m area. A configuration study was undertaken using low-fidelity aerodynamic analysis and estimated mass figures. An aerostructural optimization framework was developed for rotor design, including a novel vortex-ring aerodynamic
model with included ground effect prediction, finite-element analysis including integrated composite failure analysis, and a detailed weight estimation scheme. The airframe was composed of a wire-braced truss structure, and innovative designs were developed for many of the aircraft's lightweight-focused
subsystems. After initial flight testing in August 2012, experimental optimization and performance improvement led to a second testing program beginning in January 2013. Testing in 2013 led to a reduction in required power, improved understanding of structural dynamics, and control strategy.
The project culminated with the successful AHS Sikorsky Prize flight on June 13, 2013.
Variation of porosity and permeability with diagenetic minerals in the Scotian Basin, offshore eastern Canada and its implications for reservoir quality
Authors: Zhang Y , Pe-Piper G , Piper D J W
Published: February 2015

The Scotian Basin is an under-explored offshore basin that has produced gas and minor oil from Jurassic-Cretaceous deltaic sandstones. Reservoir quality is an important exploration risk in the basin. This study investigates whether there are systematic
stratigraphic or geographic variations in diagenetic mineral assemblages that relate to reservoir permeability. Three data sets are used: a compilation of all available core-plug porosity and permeability measurements (3271 in total), a subset of 577 corresponding to thin sections with lithofacies
assignments, and a subset of 35 thin sections principally from reservoir sandstones, in which modal abundance of diagenetic minerals has been determined by image analysis of scanning electron microscope backscattered electron images. Abundances above a threshold of ~ 4% diagenetic
kaolinite, calcite and ankerite correlate inversely with permeability, but chlorite and possibly siderite correlate positively. Diagenetic assemblages show no systematic variation with stratigraphy or geography, both of which may have variable detrital supply. Permeability shows the well-known
variation with grain size and depth of burial, but after correcting for these effects is greatest in estuarine channel and river-mouth turbidite sandstones. Local effects such as facies distribution, architecture of channel sandstones, fluid pathways related to complex salt tectonics, and the
effects of overpressure are more important than predictable basin-wide effects such as detrital supply, regional depositional lithofacies or sequence stratigraphy in controlling sandstone reservoir quality.
Logistics management skills development: A Zimbabwean case
Authors: Cronjé Jacobus N.
Published: February 2015

Background: Since logistics emerged as an applied discipline during the latter part of the 20th century, there has been an increased need for skills development in logistics and supply chain management. However, literature suggests a general shortage of educated and skilled logistics and supply chain managers worldwide.Objectives: The purpose of this article was to benchmark an in-house training programme in logistics management in the beverage industry of Zimbabwe with international best practice.Method: A case study approach was followed focusing on the programme curriculum, content and delivery. The article reports on the nature and effectiveness of the programme. The curriculum was benchmarked with skills requirements identified in literature. Relevance was evaluated based on participant perceptions over a period of 3 years using questionnaires with both closed- and open-ended questions.Results: Findings suggested that the programme offering is in line with international practice whilst it also addresses particular issues in Third World countries. Participants perceived the programme as being practical and valuable for enhancing their job performance and career development.Conclusion: The article provides a framework for evaluating logistics training programmes. Future research could include an evaluation that measures changes in on-the-job behaviour of participants.
Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers
Authors: Ding S. , Oba M. , Swift M. L. , Edney M. , O'Donovan J. T. , McAllister T. A. , Yang W. Z.
Published: February 2015

Ding, S., Oba, M., Swift, M. L., Edney, M., O'Donovan, J. T., McAllister, T. A. and Yang, W. Z. 2015. Short Communication: The effect of seed hardness and malting characteristics on in situ dry matter digestibility of barley grain in beef heifers. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 95: 299–303. An in situ study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between ruminal dry matter digestibility (DMD) and seed hardness or malting characteristics of barley grain. Samples were selected for low and high values of seed hardness index (53 vs. 65; N = 18), beta-glucan content in wort (122 vs. 316 ppm; N = 18), diastatic power (146 vs. 203°L; N = 18), and friability (46 vs. 81%; N = 18) in malt, and incubated in the rumen of three beef heifers for 4, 12 and 48 h. In situ DMD did not vary with beta-glucan concentration or friability. However, barley grain with low seed hardness had lower (P = 0.02) in situ DMD than those with high seed hardness after 4 h of incubation. The barley samples with low diastatic power also had (P = 0.02) higher DMD than with high diastatic power after 4 h, a trend (P = 0.07) that continued after 12 h of incubation. Seed hardness and malting characteristics may have the potential to predict DMD of barley grain in the rumen. However, observed differences in in situ DMD were relatively minor, and we did not detect a relationship between malting characteristics and in situ DMD at longer incubation times. This suggests that the identified grain physical and malt parameters may impact the rate, but not the extent of barley grain digestion in the rumen.
Synergistic effects of UVR and simulated stratification on commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship in two optically contrasting oligotrophic Mediterranean lakes
Authors: Carrillo P. , Medina-Sánchez J. M. , Durán C. , Herrera G. , Villafañe V. E. , Helbling E. W.
Published: February 2015

Abstract. An indirect effect of global warming is a reduction in the depth of the upper mixed layer (UML) causing organisms to be exposed to higher levels of ultraviolet (UVR, 280–400 nm) and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR, 400–700 nm). This can affect primary and bacterial production as well as the commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship. The combined effects of UVR and reduction in the depth of the UML were assessed on variables related to the metabolism of phytoplankton and bacteria, during in situ experiments performed with natural pico- and nanoplankton communities from two oligotrophic lakes with contrasting UVR transparency (high-UVR versus low-UVR waters) of southern Spain. The negative UVR effects on epilimnetic primary production (PP) and on heterotrophic bacterial production (HBP), intensified under increased stratification, were higher in the low-UVR than in the high-UVR lake, and stronger on the phytoplanktonic than on the heterotrophic bacterial communities. Under UVR and increased stratification, the commensalistic phytoplankton–bacteria relationship was strengthened in the high-UVR lake where excretion of organic carbon (EOC) rates exceeded the bacterial carbon demand (BCD; i.e., BCD : EOC(%) ratio < 100). This did not occur in the low-UVR lake (i.e., BCD : EOC(%) ratio > 100). The greater UVR damage to phytoplankton and bacteria and the weakening of their commensalistic interaction found in the low-UVR lake indicates that these ecosystems would be especially vulnerable to UVR and increased stratification as stressors related to global climate change. Thus, our findings may have important implications for the carbon cycle in oligotrophic lakes of the Mediterranean region.