bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Guide d'excursions dans le paysage glaciaire et postglaciaire du sud-est de l'Ontario et d'une partie du Québec
Authors: Gilbert R
Published: January 2014

Twenty sites between Peterborough, Lake Ontario, and the Ottawa Valley are described in this guide. Set in context by a general introduction to the geomorphic history of the region, they illustrate landscapes created by processes of glacial erosion and deposition
during the Pleistocene, and by events that have occurred in the period of about 12 000 years since deglaciation. Sites especially near Lake Ontario also deal with the impact of human activity on the environment. The descriptions are intended for a nonspecialist audience, and directions are provided
for road travel to each site.
Part I: Geological play analysis and resource assessment
Authors: Barclay J E , Holmstrom G D , Lee P J , Campbell R I , Reinson G
E
Published: January 2014

Part I of this paper describes the discovered gas resources of the major Carboniferous and Permian gas plays in flat-lying strata beneath the Interior Plains of western Canada. It presents a prediction for their undiscovered gas resources based on geological and
statistical analysis. In Carboniferous strata in the plains, 587.208 x 109 m3 (20.8 TCF) total discovered gas occurs in five established, mature Carboniferous plays, present in 241 fields with 883 pools. This represents 53 per cent of the in-place gas volume for the Carboniferous and Permian plays
(plains plus Foothills). The potential of initial volume in-place gas in these five plays is 142.041 x 109 m3 (5.0 TCF), predicted to occur within 3177 undiscovered pools. Thus, 19 per cent of the Carboniferous (plains area) gas-in-place resource in mature plays remains to be discovered. There are
four immature plays identified for the Carboniferous in the plains and they contain 2.711 x 109 m3 (0.1 TCF) of initial volume in-place gas in 10 gas fields, each consisting of one pool. The potential in the immature plays was incorporated in the conceptual play analysis.

For the Permian in the plains, 39.943 x 109 m3(1.4 TCF) occurs within one established mature play, in 48 fields with 93 pools. This represents 96 per cent of the gas-in-place total for the Permian (plains plus Foothills). The expected potential of initial volume in-place gas in the plains is
predicted to be 72.783 x 109 m3 (2.6 TCF), within 907 undiscovered pools in the established play. The total number of discovered and predicted Permian pools (plains area) is 1000. Almost 65 per cent of the Permian gas-in-place resource in the plains remains to be discovered. No immature plays were
identified for the Permian.

The potential gas volume in the conceptual and immature plays within the Carboniferous and Permian of the plains is 285.909 x 109 m3 (10.1 TCF). This statistical analysis predicts about 22 plays in the Carboniferous and Permian, representing six mature plays, four immature plays, and 12 conceptual
plays. For comparison, at least 5 to 10 conceptual plays are suggested on the basis of our regional geological analysis.

For the Carboniferous and Permian of the plains, the discovered initial volume in-place gas for all established, mature and immature plays is 629.862 x 109 m3 (22.4 TCF), within 296 fields and 986 pools. The total initial volume in-place gas resource (discovered and undiscovered) for all mature,
immature and conceptual plays is 1130.595 x 109 m3 (40.1 TCF), predicted to occur in 5070 discovered and undiscovered pools within the mature plays, plus an undetermined number of undiscovered pools in the conceptual and immature plays. The undiscovered potential of 500.733 x 109 m3 (17.8 TCF) for
all play types represents 44 per cent of the total gas resource in the plains area.
Geochemistry of gabbroic rocks from the 1.9 Ga Kramanituar Complex and surrounding country rocks of the Archean western Churchill Province, Nunavut
Authors: Sanborn-Barrie M
Published: January 2014

The Paleoproterozoic Kramanituar Complex is a window of deep-crustal rocks exposed in the interior of the Archean western Churchill Province. It is dominated by high-pressure, granulite-facies, mafic metaplutonic rocks, including gabbro, gabbroic anorthosite,
norite, and anorthosite. Major- and trace-element geochemistry indicate that these rocks likely represent a cogenetic suite derived from an undepleted mantle source at 1902 ± 1 Ma, the U-Pb zircon age for a gabbroic anorthosite sample. Gabbroic rocks hosted within Archean country rocks north
and east of the Kramanituar Complex are petrochemically distinct from the Kramanituar suite and appear to have been derived through partial-melt processes.
Seismic-reflection data from the Sturgeon Lake mining camp, northern Ontario
Authors: Roberts B , Adam E
Published: January 2014

In November 1997, Noranda Mining and Exploration Inc. acquired a 7.8 km seismic line in the vicinity of the Sturgeon Lake mining camp in Northwestern Ontario. The data processing was done by the Geological Survey of Canada and the results are presented in this
report. Recent studies have shown that the seismic-reflection technique can be an important tool in mineral exploration if certain geological criteria are met, and the data are carefully processed. The main focuses in the processing were noise elimination, static corrections, and determination of
the correct velocity field. We also tested prestack migration by utilizing an equivalent-offset technique. This method provided an alternative final section which aided in the data interpretation. The dynamite data displayed high signal levels and we observed strong reflectivity at depth.
However, the near-surface reflectivity is weak, likely due to the complexity and steepness of the geological structures.
Regional groundwater and stream chemistry survey, Oak Ridges Moraine, Ontario
Authors: Dyke L
Published: January 2014

Water from 310 private wells and 158 stream sites in the Oak Ridges Moraine area of southern Ontario, an important aquifer complex, was sampled over three months during the summer of 1994. Chloride or nitrate in well- and stream-water samples, as components
frequently associated with land use, are distributed in such a way as to suggest that shallow groundwater flow is responsible for most of the subsurface transport of these components. Very low sulphate concentrations occur in wells with intakes generally below the lowest elevation of Oak Ridges
Moraine exposure. This result suggests groundwater flow also occurs on a larger scale approximately defined by the distance between the regional recharge area along the moraine crest and the low sulphate well area outside the Oak Ridges Moraine exposure.
Environmental isotope geochemistry of Laurentian piedmont groundwater, Quebec
Authors: Vitali F , Savard M M , Bourque É , Michaud Y
Published: January 2014

A study of stable isotope (H, C, O) analysis of groundwater from the Laurentian piedmont aquifers is underway in the Portneuf region county municipality in order to characterize both granular and fractured aquifers in the region. Isotopic results indicate a short
residence time for most groundwater samples. The influence of the limestone on the composition of groundwater from a sandy unit was identified, based on d13C-DIC and chemistry results. The obtained d18O-SMOW and d2H values suggest that groundwater recharge is provided mostly by the infiltration of
snowmelt. The d18O-SMOW and d2H ratios show a linear correlation (r = 0.940, n = 36). The Portneuf groundwater line was calculated as d2H = 8.7 d18O + 22.7. The main particularity of the Portneuf region groundwater is the excess in deuterium (d =d2H - 8 d18O) which averages 14.8 o/oo. Such excess
seems to be related to the specific climatic conditions of Eastern Canada which determine the oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of precipitation and groundwater of the Laurentian piedmont aquifers.
Mineralogical investigation of a clay deposit for cosmetic and therapeutic purposes, Baie-St-Ludger, Quebec
Authors: Burton C A , Percival J B , Saulnier D
Published: January 2014

Since ancient times, clay materials have been used as cosmetic and therapeutic materials due to their inherent physico-chemical properties. This study reports detailed mineralogical analyses of a clay deposit in Baie-St-Ludger, eastern Quebec, as part of its
assessment as a potential cosmetic or therapeutic clay material for external use. The samples were compared to a small suite of commercially available clay products of similar application. These silty-clay to silt marine sediments are dominated by illite (biotitic) and plagioclase feldspar with
subordinate amounts of K-feldspar, quartz, and amphibole (hornblende). Chlorite occurs only in minor to trace amounts. The commercial samples generally contain more kaolinite and less non-clay silicates than the field samples. This difference should not be a deterrent for developing this deposit for
commercial purposes, as at least one of the commercial products examined is mineralogically similar.
Nouveau site de la transgression de Mitis à Champlain, vallée du Saint-Laurent, Québec
Authors: Bolduc A M
Published: January 2014

Sea level fluctuations in eastern Canada are relatively well documented east of Québec City on both shores of the St. Lawrence Estuary. This study contributes to the recognition of one of those fluctuations west of Québec City. At Champlain, in the
Mauricie area, the low terrace located at an altitude of 6 to 9 m a.s.l. can be attributed to the Mitis transgression. Indeed, wood logs (Prunus sp.) found below 2 m of silty sands have been radiocarbon dated at 2190 ± 60 BP (GSC-6304). The dynamics of the Champlain River may have played a
role in the burial of the organic matter, but the age obtained on the logs indicates that these events took place during a high marine stand associated with the Mitis transgression. These data suggest that the low terrace around Lake Saint-Pierre may have been built during that
time.
Textural characteristics of low to high resistivity sedimentary rocks, Bathurst mining camp, New Brunswick
Authors: Connell S , Katsube T J , Hunt P A
Published: January 2014

Detailed textural analysis by scanning electron microscopy has been carried out on three sedimentary rock samples from the Bathurst mining camp (New Brunswick) to investigate the reason for unusual features they display. They are characterized by a lack of
increased resistivity by quartz-filled fractures intersecting bedding, resistivity-increasing effects parallel to bedding and resistivity-reducing effects perpendicular to the bedding by shear fractures absent of any electrically insulating or conductive minerals.

Results indicate that, for the former case, the lack of quartz continuity in the fractures allows the electrical current to flow across the fracture without an increase in electrical resistivity. For the latter case, the continuity of electrically conductive zones parallel to bedding, mainly due to
pyrite lined with iron oxide, are cut by shear fractures intersecting the bedding, resulting in increased resistivity. In addition, conductive segments concentrated in the shear zone result in reduced resistivity perpendicular to bedding.
Polymetallic U-Ag veins at Port Radium, Great Bear magmatic zone, Canada: main botryoidal pitchblende
stage cuts 1.74 Ga diabase dykes and has REE signatures diagnostic of unconformity-type deposits
Authors: Gandhi S , Potter E , Fayek M
Published: January 2014

The Eldorado mine at Port Radium produced 6,223 tonnes of U and 8 million ounces of Ag from 1942 - 1982, with smaller amounts of Ra, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag and Bi. Mining reached a depth of 511 m. The adjacent Echo Bay mine produced 25.5 million ounces of Ag. The metals
were deposited along steep, NEtrending, late tectonic brittle faults in andesitic volcanics of the Great Bear magmatic zone (GBmz), a 1.87-1.84 Ga continental arc along the west margin of Wopmay Orogen. The brittle faults were healed by quartz veins with sparse chalcopyrite and pitchblende, then cut
by 1.74 Ga Cleaver diabase dykes. Fault reactivation offset the dykes and led to 5 stages of polymetallic veins.
The veins are cut by a gently dipping sheet of 1.59 Ga Western Channel diabase. The Lower Hornby Bay Group was deposited between the two diabase events, and was later eroded at Port Radium.
Local Smoke-Free Public Policies, Quitline Call Rate, and Smoking Status in Kentucky
Authors: Fernander Anita F. , Rayens Mary Kay , Adkins Sarah , Hahn Ellen J.
Published: January 2014

Purpose.

The study investigated the relationships among local smoke-free public policies, county-level quitline call rate, and adult smoking status.

Design.

A retrospective cross-sectional examination of demographic characteristics, smoking status of Kentuckians, and data from the Kentucky Tobacco Quitline were used to investigate the relationship of local smoke-free ordinances or Board of Health regulations together with county-level quitline use rates and population-level adult smoking status.

Setting.

One hundred and four Kentucky counties.

Subjects.

The sample was comprised of 14,184 Kentucky participants with complete demographic information collected from the 2009–2010 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).

Measures.

Individual-level demographics and smoking status from the BRFSS; county-level urban/rural status; quitline rates; and smoke-free policy status.

Analysis.

Given the hierarchical structure of the dataset, with BRFSS respondents nested within county, multilevel modeling was used to determine the predictors of smoking status.

Results.

For every 1-unit increase in the county-level call rate the likelihood of current smoking status decreased by 9%. Compared to those living in communities without a policy, those in communities with a smoke-free public policy were 18% less likely to be current smokers. Limitations include quitline call rate as the sole indicator of cessation demand, as well as the cross-sectional design.

Conclusion.

Communities with smoke-free policies and higher rates of quitline use have lower rates of adult smoking.
On the temporal variability of the OH* emission layer at the mesopause: a study based on SD-WACCM4 and SABER
Authors: Kowalewski S. , von Savigny C. , Palm M. , Notholt J.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Airglow observations are a fundamental tool to study the mesospheric part of the atmosphere. In particular the OH* emission layer is subject of many theoretical and observational studies. The choice of different transition bands of the OH* emission can introduce systematic differences between these studies, hence a profound knowledge of these differences is required for comparison. One systematic difference is given by the vertical displacements between OH* profiles due to different transition bands. A previous study has shown that the vertical displacement is highly sensitive to quenching with atomic oxygen. In this work we follow up this idea by investigating the diurnal as well as the seasonal response of OH* to changes in concentrations of atomic and molecular oxygen, the two most effective quenching species of OH*. For this task we employ a quenching model to calculate vertical OH* concentration profiles from simulations made with the SD-WACCM4 chemistry transport model. From this approach we find that despite the strong impact of O and O2 quenching on the vertical OH* structure, a considerable variability between the vertical displacements of different OH* transition bands is also induced by the natural variability of the O3 and H profiles, which primarily participate in the formation of the mesospheric OH* layer. This in particular applies for the diurnal evolution of the vertical displacements, which cannot be explained by changes in abundances of OH* quenching species only. On the other hand, vertical displacements between OH* transition bands and the amount of effective O and O2 quenching show a coherent semi-annual oscillation at lower latitudes that is in phase with the seasonal variability of the diurnal migrating tide. In particular the role of O2 quenching shows a new aspect of the semi-annual oscillation that, to our knowledge, has not been discussed before. By comparison with limb radiance observations from the SABER/TIMED satellite, we find evidence for the same oscillation in the vertical displacement between different OH* transition bands and derived O concentrations. However, our model study also reveals that quenching is not the only driving process of this feature.
Electrical charging changes the composition of sulfuric acid-ammonia/dimethylamine clusters
Authors: Ortega I. K. , Olenius T. , Kupiainen-Määttä O. , Loukonen V. , Kurtén T. , Vehkamäki H.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Sulfuric acid clusters stabilized by base molecules are likely to have a significant role in atmospheric new particle formation. Recent advances in mass spectrometry techniques have permitted the detection of electrically charged clusters. However, direct measurement of electrically neutral clusters is not possible. Mass spectrometry instruments can be combined with a charger, but the possible effect of charging on the composition of neutral clusters must be addressed before the measured data can be linked to properties of neutral clusters. In the present work we have used formation free energies from quantum chemical methods to calculate the evaporation rates of electrically charged (both positive and negative) sulfuric acid-ammonia/dimethylamine clusters. To understand how charging will affect the composition of these clusters, we have compared the evaporation rates of charged clusters with those of the corresponding neutral clusters. We found that the only cluster studied in this paper which will retain its composition is H2SO4 · NH3 when charged positively; all other clusters will be altered by both positive and negative charging. In the case of charging clusters negatively, base molecules will completely evaporate from clusters with 1 to 3 sulfuric acid molecules in the case of ammonia, and from clusters with 1 or 2 sulfuric acid molecules in the case of dimethylamine. Larger clusters will maintain some base molecules, but the H2SO4 : base ratio will increase. In the case of positive charging, some of the acid molecules will evaporate, decreasing the H2SO4 : base ratio.
High temperature decreases the PIC / POC ratio and increases phosphorus requirements in Coccolithus pelagicus (Haptophyta)
Authors: Gerecht A. C. , Šupraha L. , Edvardsen B. , Probert I. , Henderiks J.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Rising ocean temperatures will likely increase stratification of the water column and reduce nutrient input into the photic zone. This will increase the likelihood of nutrient limitation in marine microalgae, leading to changes in the abundance and composition of phytoplankton communities, which in turn will affect global biogeochemical cycles. Calcifying algae, such as coccolithophores, influence the carbon cycle by fixing CO2 into particulate organic carbon (POC) through photosynthesis and into particulate inorganic carbon (PIC) through calcification. As calcification produces a net release of CO2, the ratio of PIC / POC determines whether coccolithophores act as a source (PIC / POC > 1) or a sink (PIC / POC < 1) of atmospheric CO2. We studied the effect of phosphorus (P-) limitation and temperature stress on the physiology and PIC / POC ratios of two subspecies of Coccolithus pelagicus. This large and heavily calcified species (PIC / POC generally > 1.5) is a major contributor to calcite export from the photic zone into deep-sea reservoirs. Phosphorus limitation did not influence exponential growth rates in either subspecies, but P-limited cells had significantly lower cellular P-content. A 5 °C temperature increase did not affect exponential growth rates either, but nearly doubled cellular P-content under both high and low phosphate availability. The PIC / POC ratios did not differ between P-limited and nutrient-replete cultures, but at elevated temperature (from 10 to 15 °C) PIC / POC ratios decreased by 40–60%. Our results suggest that elevated temperature may intensify P-limitation due to a higher P-requirement to maintain growth and POC production rates, possibly reducing abundances in a warmer ocean. Under such a scenario C. pelagicus may decrease its calcification rate relative to photosynthesis, resulting in PIC / POC ratios < 1 and favouring CO2-sequestration over release. Phosphorus limitation by itself is unlikely to cause changes in the PIC / POC ratio in this species.
Sea-ice melt CO2-carbonate chemistry in the western Arctic Ocean: meltwater contributions to air-sea CO2 gas exchange, mixed layer properties and rates of net community production under sea ice
Authors: Bates N. R. , Garley R. , Frey K. E. , Shake K. L. , Mathis J.T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The carbon dioxide (CO2)-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt and co-located, contemporaneous seawater has rarely been studied in sea ice covered oceans. Here, we describe the CO2-carbonate chemistry of sea-ice melt (both above sea ice as "melt ponds" and below sea ice as "interface waters") and mixed layer properties in the western Arctic Ocean in the early summer of 2010 and 2011. At nineteen stations, the salinity (~ 0.5 to < 6.5), dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC; ~ 20 to < 550 μmol kg–1) and total alkalinity (TA; ~ 30 to < 500 μmol kg–1) of above-ice melt pond water was low compared to water in the underlying mixed layer. The partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) in these melt ponds was highly variable (~ < 10 to > 1500 μatm) with the majority of melt ponds acting as potentially strong sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The pH of melt pond waters was also highly variable ranging from mildly acidic (6.1 to 7) to slightly more alkaline than underlying seawater (8 to 10.7). All of observed melt ponds had very low (< 0.1) saturation states (Ω) for calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals such as aragonite (Ωaragonite). Our data suggests that sea ice generated "alkaline" or "acidic" melt pond water. This melt-water chemistry dictates whether the ponds are sources of CO2 to the atmosphere or CO2 sinks. Below-ice interface water CO2-carbonate chemistry data also indicated substantial generation of alkalinity, presumably owing to dissolution of calcium CaCO3 in sea ice. The interface waters generally had lower pCO2 and higher pH/Ωaragonite than the co-located mixed layer beneath. Sea-ice melt thus contributed to the suppression of mixed layer pCO2 enhancing the surface ocean's capacity to uptake CO2 from the atmosphere. Meltwater contributions to changes in mixed–layer DIC were also used to estimate net community production rates (mean of 46.9 ±29.8 g C m–2 for the early-season period) under sea-ice cover. Although sea-ice melt is a transient seasonal feature, above-ice melt pond coverage can be substantial (10 to > 50%) and under-ice interface melt water is ubiquitous during this spring/summer sea-ice retreat. Our observations contribute to growing evidence that sea-ice CO2-carbonate chemistry is highly variable and its contribution to the complex factors that influence the balance of CO2 sinks and sources (and thereby ocean acidification) is difficult to predict in an era of rapid warming and sea ice loss in the Arctic Ocean.
Sediment transport processes across the Tibetan Plateau inferred from robust grain-size end members in lake sediments
Authors: Dietze E. , Maussion F. , Ahlborn M. , Diekmann B. , Hartmann K. , Henkel K. , Kasper T. , Lockot G. , Opitz S. , Haberzettl T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Grain-size distributions offer powerful proxies of past environmental conditions that are related to sediment sorting processes. However, they are often of multimodal character because sediments can get mixed during deposition. To facilitate the use of grain size as palaeoenvironmental proxy, this study aims to distinguish the main detrital processes that contribute to lacustrine sedimentation across the Tibetan Plateau using grain-size end-member modelling analysis. Between three and five robust grain-size end-member subpopulations were distinguished at different sites from similarly–likely end-member model runs. Their main modes were grouped and linked to common sediment transport and depositional processes that can be associated with contemporary Tibetan climate (precipitation patterns and lake ice phenology, gridded wind and shear stress data from the High Asia Reanalysis) and local catchment configurations. The coarse sands and clays with grain-size modes >250 μm and <2 μm were probably transported by fluvial processes. Aeolian sands (~200 μm) and coarse local dust (~60 μm), transported by saltation and in near-surface suspension clouds, are probably related to occasional westerly storms in winter and spring. Coarse regional dust with modes ~25 μm may derive from near-by sources that keep in longer term suspension. The continuous background dust is differentiated into two robust end members (modes: 5–10 and 2–5 μm) that may represent different sources, wind directions and/or sediment trapping dynamics from long-range, upper-level westerly and episodic northerly wind transport. According to this study grain-size end members of only fluvial origin contribute small amounts to mean Tibetan lake sedimentation (19± 5%), whereas local to regional aeolian transport and background dust deposition dominate the clastic sedimentation in Tibetan lakes (contributions: 42 ± 14% and 51 ± 11%). However, fluvial and alluvial reworking of aeolian material from nearby slopes during summer seems to limit end-member interpretation and should be crosschecked with other proxy information. If not considered as a stand-alone proxy, a high transferability to other regions and sediment archives allows helpful reconstructions of past sedimentation history.
Applicability of an integrated plume rise model for the dispersion from wild-land fires
Authors: Kukkonen J. , Nikmo J. , Sofiev M. , Riikonen K. , Petäjä T. , Virkkula A. , Levula J. , Schobesberger S. , Webber D. M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. We have presented an overview of a mathematical model, BUOYANT, that was originally designed for the evaluation of the dispersion of buoyant plumes originated from major warehouse fires. The model addresses the variations of the cross-plume integrated properties of a buoyant plume in the presence of a vertically varying atmosphere. The model also includes a treatment for a rising buoyant plume interacting with an inversion layer. We have compared the model predictions with the data of two prescribed wild-land fire experiments. For the SCAR-C experiment in Quinault (US) in 1994, the predicted vertical extents of the plume at maximum plume rise were between 500–800 m and 200–700 m, using two alternative meteorological datasets. The corresponding observed injection heights of the aerosol particles measured using an airborne LIDAR (LIght Detection And Ranging) ranged from 250 and 600 m. For the prescribed burning experiment in Hyytiälä (Finland) in 2009, the model predictions were compared with plume elevations and diameters, determined based on particulate matter number concentration measurements on board an aeroplane. The agreement of modelled and measured results was good, provided that one assumes the measured maximum convective heat fluxes as input data for the model. The results demonstrate that in field experiments on wild-land fires, there are substantial uncertainties in estimating both (i) the source terms for the atmospheric dispersion computations, and (ii) the relevant vertical meteorological profiles. The results provide more confidence that cross-plume integrated mathematical models, such as the BUOYANT model, can be used to fairly good accuracy for evaluating the dispersion from major wild-land fires.
Assessing the quality of landslide susceptibility maps – case study Lower Austria
Authors: Petschko H. , Brenning A. , Bell R. , Goetz J. , Glade T.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Landslide susceptibility maps are helpful tools to identify areas potentially prone to future landslide occurrence. As more and more national and provincial authorities demand for these maps to be computed and implemented in spatial planning strategies, several aspects of the quality of the landslide susceptibility model and the resulting classified map are of high interest. In this study of landslides in Lower Austria, we focus on the model form uncertainty to assess the quality of a flexible statistical modelling technique, the generalized additive model (GAM). The study area (15 850 km2) is divided into 16 modelling domains based on lithology classes. A model representing the entire study area is constructed by combining these models. The performances of the models are assessed using repeated k-fold cross-validation with spatial and random subsampling. This reflects the variability of performance estimates arising from sampling variation. Measures of spatial transferability and thematic consistency are applied to empirically assess model quality. We also analyse and visualize the implications of spatially varying prediction uncertainties regarding the susceptibility map classes by taking into account the confidence intervals of model predictions. The 95% confidence limits fall within the same susceptibility class in 85% of the study area. Overall, this study contributes to advancing open communication and assessment of model quality related to statistical landslide susceptibility models.
The Economic Sustainability of Tourism Growth through Leakage Calculation
Authors: Garrigós-Simón Fernando J. , Galdón-Salvador José Luis , Gil-Pechuán Ignacio
Published: January 2014

The development and growth of tourism depend on its sustainability over time and on its benefits for destinations as a whole. However, calculating sustainability is not an easy task. This article focuses on the economic sustainability of tourism growth and, after an exhaustive review of the literature, proposes a quantitative mathematical model to measure it by analysing and calculating leakage in the hotel sector. Leakage analyses the amount of revenue generated by tourists that does not remain in the destination economy. Through a sample of 204 interviews with managers, this study validates the model created and calculates leakage in a mass tourism destination (the Valencian Region in Spain). The paper opens new areas of research in sustainability literature and will be of value to tourism planners and governments in their efforts to implement appropriate tourism development policies.
Value of Intermediation in the Spanish Tourist Supply Chain
Authors: Mesa Juan Carlos Pérez , Gómez Emilio Galdeano , Barranco Garcia
Published: January 2014

Supply-chain management in tourism requires the collaboration and coordination of all companies involved in the production and marketing of tourist products. In order to study the direct and indirect relationships among members of the supply chain, this paper presents an input–output model whose results show the need for balance between direct and intermediated sales, on the one hand, and how individual strategies may impair the benefits of the whole chain, on the other. Additionally, although the producers are the most important agents in terms of turnover, when considering the joint effects of purchases and sales, intermediaries are seen to be the key enterprises of the supply network.
Trends in female representation in published ophthalmology literature, 2000-2009
Authors: Shah Deepika N. , Huang Jiayan , Ying Gui-shuang , Pietrobon Ricardo , O'Brien Joan M.
Published: January 2014

PurposeTo examine trends in female first and last authors in clinical ophthalmology literature published from January 2000 to December 2009.MethodsA total of 3760 articles in American Journal of Ophthalmology (AJO), 2347 articles in Archives of Ophthalmology (Archives), and 3838 articles in Ophthalmology spanning 10 years of published ophthalmology peer-reviewed literature were examined. All original research articles and brief reports indexed online were included. Author gender was determined by an exhaustive Internet search. Articles were excluded if the sex of the author could not be determined or was not applicable (for example, articles by a study group rather than an individual author).ResultsGender information was identified in 86.8% of articles for first authors and 86% for last authors. The number of female first authors (P < 0.0001) and last authors (P = 0.005) increased significantly in the study period in all journals examined, with a significant association between the sex of the first and last authors (OR = 2.19; 95% CI, 1.96-2.46; P < 0.0001), when examining all articles. Female representation increased for last authors significantly only in Ophthalmology. There was a significant correlation between gender of the first author and total number of authors that was not observed with last-author sex.ConclusionFemale first authorship has increased from 2000 to 2009 and is correlated with the gender of the last author; however, there were fewer female last authors compared to female first authors in the same period.
Value of anti-VEGF treatment in choroidal neovascularization associated with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy
Authors: Madhusudhan Savitha , Hussain Ahsen , Sahni Jayashree
Published: January 2014

A 26-year-old white woman presented with a 1-year history of reduced vision in both eyes, bilateral yellowish deposits in the central macula, and pale yellow retinal flecks extending to midretinal periphery. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) was confirmed in her left eye. On optical coherence tomography, both eyes showed diffuse intraretinal cystic spaces, thickening and separation of the photoreceptor layer from the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), subretinal fluid, and focal thickening at the level of the RPE at the fovea. A diagnosis of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy was confirmed by electrodiagnostic and molecular genetics testing. The CNV responded well to intravitreal ranibizumab therapy, and visual acuity in the left eye improved and stabilized; however, retinoschisis due to fluctuations in intraretinal fluid persisted. This case highlights the fact that current optical coherence tomographyâ€“driven protocols used widely to treat neovascular age-related macular degeneration may not be appropriate for CNV associated with other retinal diseases.
A 26-year-old man with a blind spot in his left eye
Authors: White Jr Alfred , Saunders Timothy , Pavan Peter Reed
Published: January 2014

A 26-year-old white man presented with a 4-day history of a scotoma in the left eye only. He characterized the visual field defect as greenish and fixed in a superotemporal, paracentral location. The visual change was sudden in onset and was not associated with other ocular complaints or headache. Past ocular history was remarkable only for a diagnosis of herpes simplex keratitis in the involved eye. One episode had occurred 13 years before. It was treated with trifluridine and was not complicated by scarring or recurrence. Past medical history was unremarkable. Social history was negative for antecedent travel, illicit drugs, or trauma, but was positive for cat exposure. Review of systems was negative.
Preventive and Therapeutic Effects of Anisakis simplex Larval Protein in a Mouse Model of Crohn’S Disease
Authors: Cha Hee-Jae , Ock Mee Sun
Published: January 2014

ObjectivesSome helminths have been known to have a treatment effect in inflammatory bowel diseases, including Crohn’s disease (CD); however, live parasite therapy can cause unwanted side effects. To develop a safe therapeutic, we investigated the preventive or therapeutic potential of proteins from the third stage larva of A. simplex in a mouse model. We also analyzed the cytokine profile from splenic and mesenteric lymph node lymphocytes to elucidate the underlying immunological mechanism. MethodsCD was induced in mice with DSS, and the effect of an A. simplex larval protein on CD was assessed. A change in body weight and DAI (disease activity index) were observed in mice. The expression levels of cytokines from mesenteric lymph nodes (MLN) compared to splenic lymphocytes were measured with ELISA. ResultsPeritoneal administration of preventive and therapeutic A. simplex larval proteins attenuated DSS-induced CD by a reduction of the DAI and weight loss. A shortening of colon length was more definitely observed in the therapeutic group than in the preventive group. The cytokine expression levels were more obvious in lymphocytes from mesenteric lymph nodes than from splenic lymphocytes. ConclusionsTaken together, these results suggest that A. simplex proteins can change cytokine profiles and may have a preventive effect in DSS-induced CD mice.
A Case of Adrenal Tuberculosis with Atypical Clinical Manifestation
Authors: Son Moo Hyun , Park Jung Kyu , Hwang Hyun Sik , Kim Byung Ho , Jung Eui Dal , Choi Young Sik
Published: January 2014

Addison’s disease is a rare disorder that causes fatigue, genral weakness, weight loss, pigmentation due to adrenal hypofunction and it’s underlying causes are various. We report a case of 42-year-old man with fatigue, generalized cutaneous pigmentation. Computed tomography showed bilateral adrenal enlargement, but no calcification. Adrenal tuberculosis was established by ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy.
L’assistance-chômage des jeunes sous condition d’accompagnement. De quelques mécanismes du non-recours par éviction
Authors: Lima Léa , Trombert Christophe
Published: January 2014

L’article se propose d’expliciter, à partir d’une enquête sur le principal dispositif d’assistance-chômage pour les jeunes Français (le Fonds d’aide aux jeunes), certains facteurs organisationnels et professionnels du non-accès des jeunes à l’aide sociale. Une partie de la non-connaissance, de la non-réception et finalement de la non-demande de droits et de services par les jeunes découle en effet de la mise en oeuvre pratique d’une économie morale de l’accompagnement : la stratégie de défense de la dignité professionnelle des conseillers en missions locales, d’une part, et les normes de solidarité publique, d’autre part, conduisent à privilégier, dans l’accès à l’offre d’aide sociale, les jeunes construisant une relation pacifiée et de long terme avec les professionnels. L’existence d’une relation d’accompagnement apparaît alors comme une condition de proposition et d’octroi de l’aide financière.
L’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes en processus de raccrochage scolaire à l’éducation des adultes : entre contrôle, service et relation
Authors: Cauvier Johanne , Desmarais Danielle
Published: January 2014

L’article porte sur l’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes de 16-20 ans dans des programmes d’éducation des adultes. Il interroge d’abord le discours sur l’accompagnement. Les auteures y présentent ensuite une modélisation de l’accompagnement éducatif pour les jeunes à l’éducation des adultes à travers un schéma où se croisent deux axes : l’axe relationnel et l’axe des contenus. L’article fait également état des différentes postures pour l’enseignant ou l’enseignante qui accompagne. Enfin, à partir d’un corpus de six enseignants faisant partie d’une recherche-action entreprise depuis quelques années, certaines observations sont exposées afin d’illustrer la spécificité de l’accompagnement éducatif des jeunes québécois en processus de raccrochage scolaire dans un centre d’éducation aux adultes ou dans un organisme communautaire autonome.
« Jeunes des quartiers difficiles » en service civique : du ciblage politique d’un public aux usages juvéniles
Authors: Becquet Valérie
Published: January 2014

Le service civique, créé par la Loi du 10 mars 2010, estun dispositif public d’incitation à l’engagement.S’adressant aux jeunes âgés de 16 à 25 ans,il leur propose de réaliser des missionsd’intérêt général pour unedurée de 6 à 12 mois en contrepartie d’uneindemnité de subsistance. Le cadrage politique et techniqueconduit à opérer un ciblage spécifique de lacatégorie des « jeunes des quartiersdifficiles ». L’article propose de revenir sur lescontours de ce public pour ensuite analyser, à partird’une enquête réalisée auprès desvolontaires de l’association Unis-Cité, leurs usages duservice civique.
Des difficultés scolaires et familiales à la prise en charge totale : le cas des jeunes orientés en Institut thérapeutique, éducatif et pédagogique
Authors: Dupont Hugo
Published: January 2014

Certains enfants, adolescents et jeunes adultes socialement vulnérables présentent une déviance comportementale à l’école et une difficulté à entrer dans les apprentissages. Leurs difficultés familiales et scolaires étant interprétées sur le plan de la santé mentale, ils sont orientés vers des Instituts thérapeutiques, éducatifs et pédagogiques (ITEP) dont le fonctionnement peut être comparé à celui d’une « institution totale ». Nous faisons alors l’hypothèse que les critères qui légitiment l’orientation en ITEP d’un jeune sont construits de telle manière qu’ils permettent de répondre à une nécessité politique de contrôle social d’une population considérée comme socialement et juridiquement à risque.
Pediatric Lipid Screening Prevalence Using Nationwide Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Thompson-Paul Angela M. , Kraus Emily M. , Porter Renee M. , Pierce Samantha L. , Kompaniyets Lyudmyla , Sekkarie Ahlia , Goodman Alyson B. , Jackson Sandra L.
Published: July 2024

Importance

Universal screening to identify unfavorable lipid levels is recommended for US children aged 9 to 11 years and adolescents aged 17 to 21 years (hereafter, young adults); however, screening benefits in these individuals have been questioned. Current use of lipid screening and prevalence of elevated lipid measurements among US youths is not well understood.

Objective

To investigate the prevalence of ambulatory pediatric lipid screening and elevated or abnormal lipid measurements among US screened youths by patient characteristic and test type.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used data from the IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Record database and included youths aged 9 to 21 years with 1 or more valid measurement of height and weight during the observation period (2018-2021). Body mass index (BMI) was calculated and categorized using standard pediatric BMI percentiles (9-19 years) and adult BMI categories (≥20 years). The data were analyzed from October 6, 2022, to January 18, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Lipid measurements were defined as abnormal if 1 or more of the following test results was identified: total cholesterol (≥200 mg/dL), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥130 mg/dL), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥31 mg/dL), non–high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≥145 mg/dL), and triglycerides (≥100 mg/dL for children aged 9 years or ≥130 mg/dL for patients aged 10-21 years). After adjustment for age group, sex, race and ethnicity, and BMI category, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) and 95% CIs were calculated.

Results

Among 3 226 002 youths (23.9% aged 9-11 years, 34.8% aged 12-16 years, and 41.3% aged 17-21 years; 1 723 292 females [53.4%]; 60.0% White patients, 9.5% Black patients, and 2.4% Asian patients), 11.3% had 1 or more documented lipid screening tests. The frequency of lipid screening increased by age group (9-11 years, 9.0%; 12-16 years, 11.1%; 17-21 years, 12.9%) and BMI category (range, 9.2% [healthy weight] to 21.9% [severe obesity]). Among those screened, 30.2% had abnormal lipid levels. Compared with youths with a healthy weight, prevalence of an abnormal result was higher among those with overweight (aPR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.56-1.61), moderate obesity (aPR, 2.16; 95% CI, 2.14-2.19), and severe obesity (aPR, 2.53; 95% CI, 2.50-2.57).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study of prevalence of lipid screening among US youths aged 9 to 21 years, approximately 1 in 10 were screened. Among them, abnormal lipid levels were identified in 1 in 3 youths overall and 1 in 2 youths with severe obesity. Health care professionals should consider implementing lipid screening among children aged 9 to 11 years, young adults aged 17 to 21 years, and all youths at high cardiovascular risk.
ZY5301 Tablet vs Placebo for Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain After Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
Authors: Teng Xiuxiang , Li Hongmei , Yang Defeng , Gao Zheng , Cui Li , Chen Hong , Song Qingxia , Xu Lianwei , Li Huaifang , Zhang Qin , Wu Junyu , Leng Jing
Published: July 2024

Importance

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is the main sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), with no established treatment. ZY5301 tablets, an effective part preparation extracted from Ajuga decumbens Thunb. (jingucao), are being tested as a treatment for CPP caused by PID.

Objective

To evaluate whether ZY5301 tablets are effective and safe for CPP treatment in women with PID.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This placebo-controlled double-blind, dose-parallel, phase 2 randomized clinical trial was conducted in 9 hospitals in China. Female participants with CPP after PID were enrolled between October 16, 2020, and August 31, 2021. The data analysis was performed between December 2021 and March 2022.

Interventions

Participants were randomized 1:1:1 to receive ZY5301 300 mg/d, ZY5301 600 mg/d, or placebo orally 3 times a day for 12 weeks.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Visual analog scale (VAS) scores were the main measure used to evaluate the efficacy of ZY5301 in reducing CPP. The evaluation end points for VAS score included changes in mean weekly VAS score from baseline, area under the VAS score-time curve, pain remission (VAS score of 0 and 1) rate, and median time to pain remission. Safety was evaluated by the occurrence of treatment-emergent and treatment-related adverse events.

Results

In total, 180 women were randomly assigned, and 177 were included in the efficacy analysis; thus, the full analysis set included 60 participants in the ZY5301 mg/d group (mean [SD] age, 37.4 [8.1] years), 58 in the ZY5301 600 mg/d group (mean [SD] age, 37.1 [7.9] years), and 59 in the placebo group (mean [SD] age, 38.9 [7.3] years). Participant characteristics at baseline were similar among the groups. After 12 weeks of treatment, the mean (SD) change in VAS score from the baseline was −2.1 (1.7) points, −3.5 (1.5) points, and −3.8 (1.7) points in the placebo, ZY5301 300 mg/d, and ZY5301 600 mg/d groups, respectively (P < .001). The pain remission rates at week 12 were 43.3% and 53.5% in the ZY5301 300 mg/d and ZY5301 600 mg/d groups, respectively, a significant difference compared with the placebo group (11.9%; P < .001). All the other end points showed similar improvements. The ZY5301 600 mg/d group had better efficacy than the ZY5301 300 mg/d group, but the difference was not significant. The safety analysis revealed no significant differences among groups.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings show that ZY5301 tablet is efficacious for the relief of CPP with acceptable tolerability.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05460546
A Perspective of Fabrication and Applications of MXene–Metal Hybrids
Authors: Shi Yu , Du Zhiguo , Yang Shubin
Published: July 2024

2D materials with ultrathin structure, high specific areas, and excellent mechanical properties provide potentials to enhance the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of metals. In particular, MXene with different compositions, abundant surface terminations, high electrical conductivity has good affinity with some metals such as Al, Li, Na as well as can be uniformly dispersed in the metals. Moreover, the above unique features enable the MXene–metal hybrids with diversified functions. In this review, the current advanced studies in the topic of MXene–metal hybrids are summarized. The properties of MXenes such as mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, wettability, and surface properties of MXenes are first reviewed. Subsequently, different synthetic approaches including physical, metallurgy, electrochemical, and wet‐chemical routes are screened. By harnessing the above unique features, MXene could enhance the electrical, mechanical, and chemical properties of the hybrids, and their application such as energy storage devices, anticorrosion coating, functional structural materials, electromagnetic wave absorption are highlighted. Finally, an outlook on the in‐operando characterization techniques is provided to clarify the strengthening mechanism of MXenes in metals, tailoration of interface between MXenes and metals, and urgent need for industrial‐scale manufacture of MXene–metal hybrids.