bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-grained topographic organization within somatosensory cortex during resting-state and emotional face-matching task and its association with ASD traits
Authors: Isakoglou Christina , Haak Koen V. , Wolfers Thomas , Floris Dorothea L. , Llera Alberto , Oldehinkel Marianne , Forde Natalie J. , Oakley Bethany F. M. , Tillmann Julian , Holt Rosemary J. , Moessnang Carolin , Loth Eva , Bourgeron Thomas , Baron-Cohen Simon , Charman Tony , Banaschewski Tobias , Murphy Declan G. M. , Buitelaar Jan K. , Marquand Andre F. , Beckmann Christian F.
Published: July 2023

Sensory atypicalities are particularly common in autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Nevertheless, our knowledge about the divergent functioning of the underlying somatosensory region and its association with ASD phenotype features is limited. We applied a data-driven approach to map the fine-grained variations in functional connectivity of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) to the rest of the brain in 240 autistic and 164 neurotypical individuals from the EU-AIMS LEAP dataset, aged between 7 and 30. We estimated the S1 connection topography (‘connectopy’) at rest and during the emotional face-matching (Hariri) task, an established measure of emotion reactivity, and accessed its association with a set of clinical and behavioral variables. We first demonstrated that the S1 connectopy is organized along a dorsoventral axis, mapping onto the S1 somatotopic organization. We then found that its spatial characteristics were linked to the individuals’ adaptive functioning skills, as measured by the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, across the whole sample. Higher functional differentiation characterized the S1 connectopies of individuals with higher daily life adaptive skills. Notably, we detected significant differences between rest and the Hariri task in the S1 connectopies, as well as their projection maps onto the rest of the brain suggesting a task-modulating effect on S1 due to emotion processing. All in all, variation of adaptive skills appears to be reflected in the brain’s mesoscale neural circuitry, as shown by the S1 connectivity profile, which is also differentially modulated during rest and emotional processing.
Li iontronics in single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films with vertical ionic transport channels
Authors: Han Hyeon , Jacquet Quentin , Jiang Zhen , Sayed Farheen N. , Jeon Jae-Chun , Sharma Arpit , Schankler Aaron M. , Kakekhani Arvin , Meyerheim Holger L. , Park Jucheol , Nam Sang Yeol , Griffith Kent J. , Simonelli Laura , Rappe Andrew M. , Grey Clare P. , Parkin Stuart S. P.
Published: July 2023

The niobium oxide polymorph T-Nb2O5 has been extensively investigated in its bulk form especially for applications in fast-charging batteries and electrochemical (pseudo)capacitors. Its crystal structure, which has two-dimensional (2D) layers with very low steric hindrance, allows for fast Li-ion migration. However, since its discovery in 1941, the growth of single-crystalline thin films and its electronic applications have not yet been realized, probably due to its large orthorhombic unit cell along with the existence of many polymorphs. Here we demonstrate the epitaxial growth of single-crystalline T-Nb2O5 thin films, critically with the ionic transport channels oriented perpendicular to the film’s surface. These vertical 2D channels enable fast Li-ion migration, which we show gives rise to a colossal insulator–metal transition, where the resistivity drops by 11 orders of magnitude due to the population of the initially empty Nb 4d0 states by electrons. Moreover, we reveal multiple unexplored phase transitions with distinct crystal and electronic structures over a wide range of Li-ion concentrations by comprehensive in situ experiments and theoretical calculations, which allow for the reversible and repeatable manipulation of these phases and their distinct electronic properties. This work paves the way for the exploration of novel thin films with ionic channels and their potential applications.
On the simultaneous scattering of two photons by a single two-level atom
Authors: Masters Luke , Hu Xin-Xin , Cordier Martin , Maron Gabriele , Pache Lucas , Rauschenbeutel Arno , Schemmer Max , Volz Jürgen
Published: July 2023

The interaction of light with a single two-level emitter is the most fundamental process in quantum optics, and is key to many quantum applications. As a distinctive feature, two photons are never detected simultaneously in the light scattered by the emitter. This is commonly interpreted by saying that a single two-level quantum emitter can only absorb and emit single photons. However, it has been theoretically proposed that the photon anticorrelations can be thought of as arising from quantum interference between two possible two-photon scattering amplitudes, which one refers to as coherent and incoherent. This picture is in stark contrast to the aforementioned one, in that it assumes that the atom has two different mechanisms at its disposal to scatter two photons at the same time. Here we experimentally validate the interference picture by showing that, when spectrally rejecting only the coherent component of the fluorescence light of a single two-level atom, the remaining light consists of photon pairs that have been simultaneously scattered by the atom. Our results offer fundamental insights into the quantum-mechanical interaction between light and matter and open up novel approaches for the generation of highly non-classical light fields enabling, for example, Fourier-limited photon-pair sources that approach the theoretical limit in brightness.
Mesothelin-targeting T cell receptor fusion construct cell therapy in refractory solid tumors: phase 1/2 trial interim results
Authors: Hassan Raffit , Butler Marcus , O’Cearbhaill Roisin E. , Oh David Y. , Johnson Melissa , Zikaras Kevin , Smalley Munisha , Ross Michael , Tanyi Janos L. , Ghafoor Azam , Shah Nirali N. , Saboury Babak , Cao Liang , Quintás-Cardama Alfonso , Hong David
Published: July 2023

The T cell receptor fusion construct (TRuC) gavocabtagene autoleucel (gavo-cel) consists of single-domain anti-mesothelin antibody that integrates into the endogenous T cell receptor (TCR) and engages the signaling capacity of the entire TCR upon mesothelin binding. Here we describe phase 1 results from an ongoing phase1/2 trial of gavo-cel in patients with treatment-refractory mesothelin-expressing solid tumors. The primary objectives were to evaluate safety and determine the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Secondary objectives included efficacy. Thirty-two patients received gavo-cel at increasing doses either as a single agent (n = 3) or after lymphodepletion (LD,n = 29). Dose-limiting toxicities of grade 3 pneumonitis and grade 5 bronchioalveolar hemorrhage were noted. The RP2D was determined as 1 × 108cells per m2after LD. Grade 3 or higher pneumonitis was seen in 16% of all patients and in none at the RP2D; grade 3 or higher cytokine release syndrome occurred in 25% of all patients and in 15% at the RP2D. In 30 evaluable patients, the overall response rate and disease control rate were 20% (13% confirmed) and 77%, respectively, and the 6-month overall survival rate was 70%. Gavo-cel warrants further study in patients with mesothelin-expressing cancers given its encouraging anti-tumor activity, but it may have a narrow therapeutic window. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier:NCT03907852.
Pedunculopontine Chx10+ neurons control global motor arrest in mice
Authors: Goñi-Erro Haizea , Selvan Raghavendra , Caggiano Vittorio , Leiras Roberto , Kiehn Ole
Published: July 2023

Arrest of ongoing movements is an integral part of executing motor programs. Behavioral arrest may happen upon termination of a variety of goal-directed movements or as a global motor arrest either in the context of fear or in response to salient environmental cues. The neuronal circuits that bridge with the executive motor circuits to implement a global motor arrest are poorly understood. We report the discovery that the activation of glutamatergic Chx10-derived neurons in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) in mice arrests all ongoing movements while simultaneously causing apnea and bradycardia. This global motor arrest has a pause-and-play pattern with an instantaneous interruption of movement followed by a short-latency continuation from where it was paused. Mice naturally perform arrest bouts with the same combination of motor and autonomic features. The Chx10-PPN-evoked arrest is different to ventrolateral periaqueductal gray-induced freezing. Our study defines a motor command that induces a global motor arrest, which may be recruited in response to salient environmental cues to allow for a preparatory or arousal state, and identifies a locomotor-opposing role for rostrally biased glutamatergic neurons in the PPN.
Dynamics of soil organic carbon of jhum agriculture land-use system in the heterogeneous hill of Arunachal Pradesh, India
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Kalita H. , Rekhung Wangnem , Alone Rajesh A. , Angami Thejangulie , Jini Doni , Makdoh Badapmain , Touthang Letngam , Khatri Nirmal , Singh A. P. , Sinha Nishant K. , Kumar Dhiraj , Chaudhary R. S.
Published: July 2023

Land-use conversion affects soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics. Therefore, an in-depth study of change in SOC, SOC pool, fractions of SOC and enzymatic activities of soil microbial biomass carbon (SMBC) and dehydrogenase (DHA) with the conversion of forest land to jhum, fallow jhum and settle cultivation use has been undertaken on the hills of Arunachal Pradesh of India. Geo-referenced soil samples from eight different locations, each from different land uses were collected at three depth. One part of the soil sample had been used for the analysis of SOC and its carbon fraction. The second portion was kept in a deep freezer for determining SMBC and DHA. The third part was used for the analysis of bulk density. The result revealed that the highest loss of SOC pool was recorded in jhum land (41.8 to 13.4%), and the labile carbon was also found to decrease in jhum land. The highest SMBC was observed on the surface soil of the natural forest; the highest DHA was found in the natural forest; and the lowest DHA was recorded in jhum land. This study found that the converting natural forest to jhum reduces SOC storage, enzymatic activities and C fractions significantly whereas fallow jhum shows sign of recovery because all of these parameters improved when compared to the jhum land-use system. This study also confirms that the fallow period helps restore the initial situation.
Short-term effects of occlusion therapy and optical correction on microvasculature in monocular amblyopia: a retrospective case–control study
Authors: Kim Jae-Gon , Lee Se Youp , Lee Dong Cheol
Published: July 2023

This retrospective longitudinal case–control study investigated the short-term effects of patch occlusion treatment compared with optical correction on the microvasculature in monocular amblyopia. We included patients with monocular amblyopia treated for 2–12 months; they were classified into two groups according to the treatment regimen: patch occlusion or optical correction. Children aged < 12 years who presented to our clinic for examination without amblyopia diagnosis were enrolled as the control group. Changes in retinal and choroid microvasculature according to treatment were examined, and the correlation between changes in microvasculature and improvement in best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was evaluated. There were 57, 35, and 41 patients in the patch occlusion, optical correction, and control groups, respectively (mean age, 6.4 ± 2.0 years). Both amblyopic groups showed changes in the foveal and parafoveal deep capillary plexus vessel density (DCPD), choroidal thickness, and choroidal vascularity index (CVI) following short-term treatment (mean, 4.5 months). In the patch occlusion group, BCVA improved as the foveal DCPD increased (P = 0.013) and the CVI decreased (P = 0.037). In the optical correction group, BCVA improved as the foveal and parafoveal DCPD increased (P = 0.009). Increased foveal DCPD following amblyopia treatment and decreased CVI by patch occlusion were associated with improved BCVA.
A recombinant Aspergillus oryzae fungus transmitted from larvae to adults of Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes inhibits malaria parasite oocyst development
Authors: Kianifard Leila , Rafiqi Ab. Matteen , Akcakir Osman , Aly Ahmed S. I. , Billingsley Peter F. , Uysal Serdar
Published: July 2023

The control of malaria parasite transmission from mosquitoes to humans is hampered by decreasing efficacies of insecticides, development of drug resistance against the last-resort antimalarials, and the absence of effective vaccines. Herein, the anti-plasmodial transmission blocking activity of a recombinant Aspergillus oryzae (A. oryzae-R) fungus strain, which is used in human food industry, was investigated in laboratory-reared Anopheles stephensi mosquitoes. The recombinant fungus strain was genetically modified to secrete two anti-plasmodial effector peptides, MP2 (midgut peptide 2) and EPIP (enolase-plasminogen interaction peptide) peptides. The transstadial transmission of the fungus from larvae to adult mosquitoes was confirmed following inoculation of A. oryzae-R in the water trays used for larval rearing. Secretion of the anti-plasmodial effector peptides inside the mosquito midguts inhibited oocyst formation of P. berghei parasites. These results indicate that A. oryzae can be used as a paratransgenesis model carrying effector proteins to inhibit malaria parasite development in An. stephensi. Further studies are needed to determine if this recombinant fungus can be adapted under natural conditions, with a minimal or no impact on the environment, to target mosquito-borne infectious disease agents inside their vectors.
Cool executive functions and their association with body mass & fatness and the FTO gene in school-aged children
Authors: Szcześniewska Paula , Bryl Ewa , Dutkiewicz Agata , Borkowska Aneta R. , Bilska Karolina , Paszyńska Elżbieta , Słopień Agnieszka , Dmitrzak-Węglarz Monika , Hanć Tomasz
Published: July 2023

The FTO gene rs9936909 polymorphism is one of the well-documented single nucleotide polymorphisms in the context of increased risk of obesity, including in children. Few studies have tested the association of the FTO gene with cognitive functions. Deficits of “cool” executive functions (EFs) are considered a potential risk factor for excessive weight. The aims of our study were to investigate whether cool EFs are associated with the Body Mass Index, the Fat Mass Index and the risk of excess body mass and overfatness in neurotypically school-aged children, and whether the FTO gene polymorphism is involved in development of this possible association. The sample consisted of 553 children aged 6–12 years old. A body composition analysis, a neuropsychological assessment of EFs, and FTO polymorphism genotyping were performed in the children studied. The study found a significant association of an interference effect in theStroop Color-Word Interference Task and the risk of excessive body fatness, but not excessive body mass. There were no explicit associations between the FTO genotype and EFs deficits. Environmental factors, and particularly low maternal education, appeared to be the strongest contributors to the increased risk of obesity.
IoT-based data-driven predictive maintenance relying on fuzzy system and artificial neural networks
Authors: Aboshosha Ashraf , Haggag Ayman , George Neseem , Hamad Hisham A.
Published: July 2023

Industry 4.0 technologies need to plan reactive and Preventive Maintenance (PM) strategies for their production lines. This applied research study aims to employ the Predictive Maintenance (PdM) technology with advanced automation technologies to counter all expected maintenance problems. Moreover, the deep learning based AI is employed to interpret the alarming patterns into real faults by which the system minimizes the human based fault recognition errors. The Sensors Information Modeling (SIM) and the Internet of Things (IoT) have the potential to improve the efficiency of industrial production machines maintenance management. This research work provides a better maintenance strategy by utilizing a data-driven predictive maintenance planning framework based on our proposed SIM and IoT technologies. To verify the feasibility of our approach, the proposed framework is applied practically on a corrugated cardboard production factory in real industrial environment. The Fuzzy Logic System (FLS) is utilized to achieve the AI based PM while the Deep Learning (DL) is applied for the alarming and fault diagnosis in case the fault already occured.
Soil phosphorous is the primary factor determining species-specific plant growth depending on soil acidity in island ecosystems with severe erosion
Authors: Hata Kenji , Hiradate Syuntaro , Kachi Naoki
Published: July 2023

Disturbances caused by invasive ungulates alter soil environments markedly and can prevent ecosystem recovery even after eradication of the ungulates. On oceanic islands, overgrazing and trampling by feral goats has caused vegetation degradation and soil erosion, which can alter soil chemistry. To understand the effects of the changes on plant performance, we conducted a laboratory experiment to assess herbaceous species growth under various soil conditions with phosphorous, nutrients, and acidity. Subsoil was collected from Nakodo-jima in the northwest Pacific. Six herbaceous species dominating the island were grown in soils with three levels of added CaCO3 and P2O5 and two levels of added KNO3. After 4 weeks of growth, the total dry plant weight was significantly lower with no added P2O5, regardless of the addition of KNO3. Three species weighed more under P2O5 and KNO3 addition in high-pH soil, whereas the remaining three weighed less. Our results indicated that herbaceous species growth is limited primarily by phosphorous availability; the limitation is dependent on soil pH, and the trend of dependency differs among species. This implies that ecosystems with extreme disturbances cannot recover without improving the soil chemistry.
Impact of delivery time factor on treatment time and plan quality in tomotherapy
Authors: Yagihashi Takayuki , Inoue Tatsuya , Shiba Shintaro , Yamano Akihiro , Minagawa Yumiko , Omura Motoko , Inoue Kazumasa , Nagata Hironori
Published: July 2023

Delivery time factor (DTF) is a new parameter introduced by the RayStation treatment planning system for tomotherapy treatment planning. This study investigated the effects of this factor on various tomotherapy plans. Twenty-five patients with cancer (head and neck, 6; lung, 9; prostate, 10) were enrolled in this study. Helical tomotherapy plans with a field width of 2.5 cm, pitch of 0.287, and DTF of 2.0 were created. All the initial plans were recalculated by changing the DTF parameter from 1.0 to 3.0 in increments of 0.1. Then, DTF’s impact on delivery efficiency and plan quality was evaluated. Treatment time and modulation factor increased monotonically with increasing DTF. Increasing the DTF by 0.1 increased the treatment time and modulation factor by almost 10%. This relationship was similar for all treatment sites. Conformity index (CI), homogeneity index, and organ at risk doses were improved compared to plans with a DTF of 1.0, except for the CI in the lung cancer case. However, the improvement in most indices ceased at a certain DTF; nevertheless, treatment time continued to increase following an increase in DTF. DTF is a critical parameter for improving the quality of tomotherapy plans.
Reg family proteins contribute to inflammation and pancreatic stellate cells activation in chronic pancreatitis
Authors: Chen Wenting , Imasaka Mai , Lee Miyu , Fukui Hirokazu , Nishiura Hiroshi , Ohmuraya Masaki
Published: July 2023

Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a disease characterized by the inflammation and destruction of pancreatic tissue, leading to the replacement of functional tissue with fibrotic tissue. The regenerating gene (Reg) family proteins have recently been implicated in the repair and regeneration of inflamed pancreatic tissue, though the exact mechanisms of their involvement in the pathogenesis of CP are not yet fully understood. To investigate the role of Reg family proteins in CP, we generated global knockout mice (Reg−/−) for Reg1-3 (Reg1,2,3a,3b,3d,3g) genes using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. We then investigated the effect of Reg family protein deficiency in a genetic model of CP (X-SPINK1) mice by knocking out Reg1-3 genes. We examined pancreatic morphology, inflammatory cytokines expression, and activation of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) at different ages. Reg−/− mice showed no abnormalities in general growth and pancreas development. Deficiency of Reg1-3 in CP mice led to a reduction in pancreatic parenchymal loss, decreased deposition of collagen, and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Additionally, Reg proteins were found to stimulate PSCs activation. Overall, our study suggests that Reg1-3 deficiency can lead to the remission of CP and Reg family proteins could be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CP.
High sensitivity of asymmetric 18F-THK5351 PET abnormality in patients with corticobasal syndrome
Authors: Kurihara Masanori , Ishibashi Kenji , Matsubara Tomoyasu , Hatano Keiko , Ihara Ryoko , Higashihara Mana , Kameyama Masashi , Tokumaru Aya Midori , Takeda Katsuhiko , Nishina Yasushi , Kanemaru Kazutomi , Ishii Kenji , Iwata Atsushi
Published: July 2023

Corticobasal syndrome (CBS) is characterized by symptoms related to the asymmetric involvement of the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. However, early detection of asymmetric imaging abnormalities can be challenging. Previous studies reported asymmetric 18F-THK5351 PET abnormalities in CBS patients, but the sensitivity for detecting such abnormalities in larger patient samples, including early-stage cases, remains unclear. Patients clinically diagnosed with CBS were recruited. All patients displayed asymmetric symptoms in the cerebral cortex and basal ganglia. Asymmetric THK5351 PET abnormalities were determined through visual assessment. Brain MRI, perfusion SPECT, and dopamine transporter (DAT) SPECT results were retrospectively reviewed. The 15 patients had a median age of 72 years (59–86 years) and a disease duration of 2 years (0.5–7 years). Four patients met the probable and 11 met the possible CBS criteria according to Armstrong criteria at the time of PET examination. All patients, including early-stage cases, exhibited asymmetric tracer uptake contralateral to their symptom-dominant side in the cerebral cortex/subcortical white matter and striatum (100%). The sensitivity for detecting asymmetric imaging abnormalities contralateral to the symptom-dominant side was 86.7% for brain MRI, 81.8% for perfusion SPECT, and 90% for DAT SPECT. White matter volume reduction was observed in the subcortical region of the precentral gyrus with increased THK5351 uptake, occurring significantly more frequently than gray matter volume reduction. THK5351 PET may be a sensitive imaging technique for detecting asymmetric CBS pathologies, including those in early stages.
Revisiting the magnetic structure of Holmium at high pressure by using neutron diffraction
Authors: Pardo-Sainz M. , Cova F. , Rodríguez-Velamazán J. A. , Puente-Orench I. , Kousaka Y. , Mito M. , Campo J.
Published: July 2023

Low-temperature neutron diffraction experiments at$$P= 8$$P=8GPa have been conducted to investigate the magnetic structures of metallic Holmium at high pressures by employing a longd-spacing high-flux diffractometer and a Paris-Edinburgh press cell inside a cryostat. We find that at$$P=8$$P=8 GPa and$$T=5$$T=5 K, no nuclear symmetry change is observed, keeping therefore the hexagonal closed packed (hcp) symmetry at high pressure. Our neutron diffraction data confirm that the ferromagnetic state does not exist. The magnetic structure corresponding to the helimagnetic order, which survives down to 5 K, is fully described by the magnetic superspace group formalism. These results are consistent with those previously published using magnetization experiments.
Draft genome sequence and probiotic functional property analysis of Lactobacillus gasseri LM1065 for food industry applications
Authors: Bae Won-Young , Lee Young Jin , Jung Woo-Hyun , Shin So Lim , Kim Tae-Rahk , Sohn Minn
Published: July 2023

Probiotics are defined as live organisms in the host that contribute to health benefits. Lactobacillus gasseri LM1065, isolated from human breast milk, was investigated for its probiotic properties based on its genome. Draft genome map and de novo assembly were performed using the PacBio RS II system and hierarchical genome assembly process (HGAP). Probiotic properties were determined by the resistance to gastric conditions, adherence ability, enzyme production, safety assessment and mobile genetic elements. The fungistatic effect and inhibition of hyphae transition were studied using the cell-free supernatant (CFS). L. gasseri LM1065 showed high gastric pepsin tolerance and mild tolerance to bile salts. Auto-aggregation and hydrophobicity were measured to be 61.21% and 61.55%, respectively. The adherence to the human intestinal epithelial cells was measured to be 2.02%. Antibiotic-resistance genes and putative virulence genes were not predicted in the genomic analysis, and antibiotic susceptibility was satisfied by the criteria of the European Food Safety Authority. CFS showed a fungistatic effect and suppressed the tricarboxylic acid cycle in Candida albicans (29.02%). CFS also inhibited the transition to true hyphae and damaged the blastoconidia. This study demonstrates the essential properties of this novel probiotic, L. gasseri LM1065, and potential to inhibit vaginal C. albicans infection.
Facile synthesis of robust Ag/ZnO composites by sol–gel autocombustion and ion-impregnation for the photocatalytic degradation of sucrose
Authors: Buengkitcharoen Lalita , Amnuaypanich Sittipong , Naknonhan Suriyabhorn , Loiha Sirinuch , Patdhanagul Nopbhasinthu , Makdee Ammarika , Amnuaypanich Sujitra
Published: July 2023

Metallic Ag nanoparticles decorated on ZnO photocatalysts were prepared by facile sol–gel autocombustion followed by ion-impregnation. Electron microscopy studies revealed the presence of impregnated Ag as nanoparticles on ZnO surfaces, which affected the microstructure of ZnO particles. XRD patterns of Ag/ZnO composites confirmed the metallic phase of Ag. No peak shift for ZnO phase peaks suggests that the impregnated Ag was barely incorporated into the ZnO lattice. Consequently, DRS spectra of Ag/ZnO composites revealed the same absorption edges and Eg for pure and Ag/ZnO. The photocatalytic activity of Ag/ZnO composites for sucrose degradation under UV light was 40% higher than that of pure ZnO. Metallic Ag nanoparticles on the ZnO surface suppressed the surface defects and the recombination of photoexcited electrons and holes. The highest activity with 100% degradation of 100 ppm sucrose (1200 µg of carbon) within 105 min was achieved using ZnO with 10% w/w Ag (10% Ag/ZnO). Ag L3-edge XANES spectra of fresh and spent Ag/ZnO catalysts confirmed the stability of metallic Ag after the usage. The Ag/ZnO catalyst could be used for 5 cycles without losing photocatalytic activity. The Ag/ZnO catalyst was utilized to degrade sugar-contaminated condensate from the sugar mill. 10% Ag/ZnO revealed the highest photocatalytic performance, capable of degrading 90% of sugar in the condensate within 90 min.
Comparing the direct assessment of steatosis in liver explants with mid- and near-infrared vibrational spectroscopy, prior to organ transplantation
Authors: Rienda Iván , Moro Erika , Pérez-Rubio Álvaro , Trullenque-Juan Ramón , Pérez-Guaita David , Lendl Bernhard , Kuligowski Julia , Castell Jose V. , Pérez-Rojas Judith , Pareja Eugenia , Quintás Guillermo
Published: July 2023

In liver transplantation, NIR and ATR-FTIR are complementary for steatosis quantification, aiding clinical decisions.
Development of an electrochemical sensor based on ternary oxide SiO2/Al2O3/SnO2 modified with carbon black for direct determination of clothianidin in environmental and food samples
Authors: Silva Francisco Walison Lima , de Oliveira Guilherme Barros , Archanjo Braulio Soares , Braz Bernardo Ferreira , Santelli Ricardo Erthal , Ribeiro Emerson Schwingel , Cincotto Fernando Henrique
Published: July 2023

This study presents the development of an electrochemical sensor, denoted as GCE/CB/SiAlSn, based ternary oxide SiO2/Al2O3/SnO2 associated with carbon black, for direct determination of the pesticide clothianidin in different matrices.
Spectroscopic investigation of a Co(0001) model catalyst during exposure to H2 and CO at near-ambient pressures
Authors: Wenzel Sabine , Boden Dajo , van Lent Richard , Motaee Elahe , Prabhu Mahesh K. , Achour Hamed , Groot Irene M. N.
Published: July 2023

Surface oxidation and the adsorption of different carbon species on a cobalt model catalyst were investigated using near-ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy in the mbar range of H2, CO, and Fischer–Tropsch-like reaction conditions.
Stereocontrolled synthesis of some novel functionalized heterocyclic amino ester and amide derivatives with multiple stereocenters
Authors: Semghouli Anas , Remete Attila M. , Kiss Loránd
Published: July 2023

The synthesis of functionalized fused-ring β-amino lactones and lactams with multiple stereocenters has been accomplished from readily available strained bicyclic β-amino acids via stereocontrolled RRM transformations.
Preparation and characterization of PA/P(AA-co-AM) composite hydrogels via photopolymerization
Authors: Li Bin , Hao Wenrui , Wu Aolin , Zhou Mengjing , Yan Qinghua , Zhang Heng , Su Lihua
Published: July 2023

The present study synthesized a deep eutectic solvent (DES) using acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), and choline chloride (ChCl), and added phytic acid (PA) as a filler.
The fabrication of bifunctional supramolecular glycolipid-based nanocomposite gel: insights into electrocatalytic performance with effective selectivity towards gold
Authors: Holey Snehal Ashokrao , Basak Pratyay , Bojja Sreedhar , Nayak Rati Ranjan
Published: July 2023

The exploration of supramolecular glycolipid-based hydrogel in selectively reducing gold, followed byin situnanoparticle synthesis, directed us towards gel nanocomposites for electrochemical applications.
Promotion of mixed protonic–electronic transport in La5.4WO11.1−δ membranes under H2S atmospheres
Authors: Escolástico S. , Balaguer M. , Solís C. , Toldra-Reig F. , Somacescu S. , Gerhards U. , Aguadero A. , Haas-Santo K. , Dittmeyer R. , Serra J. M.
Published: July 2023

S ions are incorporated in the LWO lattice when treated under H2S-containing atmospheres. Electronic conductivity increases by the coupled S incorporation and W reduction and, subsequently, H2 permeation is boosted at moderate temperatures.
H2O2-catalyzed defluorination of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) by oxidized vanadium carbide MXene nanosheets
Authors: Ye Yuemei , Steigerwald Jessica M. , Bang Hojeong , Jones Vivian , Dennehy Kaylie , Ray Jessica R.
Published: July 2023

Nearly completely defluorinated PFOS under mild conditions with the existence of oxidized V2C and H2O2.
Ab initiostudy of short-range ordering in vanadium-based disordered rocksalt structures
Authors: Jadidi Zinab , Yang Julia H. , Chen Tina , Barroso-Luque Luis , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: July 2023

This study offers an understanding of the delithiation process in the presence of cation short-range ordering within disordered rocksalt Li-excess cathode materials for Li-ion batteries.
Bentall Surgery in a Patient with Cold Agglutinin and Antiphospholipid Antibody: Double Trouble
Authors: Raut Monish S. , Rohra Gulshan , Shivnani Ganesh , Maheshwari Arun , Dubey Sumir , Bhathiwal Rajpal Singh , Sharma Deevakar
Published: July 2023

Cold agglutinin disease is an uncommon disease with potential to cause hemolysis and thrombosis during hypothermic cardiac surgery. Antiphospholipid syndrome is also rare disease with hypercoagulation tendacy. Perioperative management of both these diseases is challenging. We present successful perioperative management of high risk Bentall surgery in patient with both these dreadful diseases.
Review of Venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation and Development of Intracardiac Thrombosis in Adult Cardiothoracic Patients
Authors: Williams Brittney , Bernstein Wendy
Published: July 2023

Venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO) has become an indispensable treatment option for adult cardiothoracic patients experiencing acute refractory cardiogenic shock. VA ECMO is not without inherent complications as in-hospital mortality has ranged from 45% to 65% (1–3). Intracardiac thrombosis (ICT) is a rare but life-threatening complication associated with VA ECMO. VA ECMO cases complicated by ICT were searched for using the MEDLINE (PubMed and OVID), Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiology Headquarters, and Google Scholar databases. Twelve cases of VA ECMO–associated ICT were discovered for review. Indications for VA ECMO were postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock and heart failure. The primary location of thrombus was the left ventricle and aortic root. Majority of the cases did not report subtherapeutic systemic anticoagulation. Two patients survived after the development of ICT. VA ECMO–associated ICT is a devastating consequence with high mortality. The majority of ICT occurred in cases with perceived adequate anticoagulation, but this may not result in complete suppression of the coagulation response. Continued exposure to procoagulant stimuli and worsening ventricular function and intracardiac stasis can shift the balance toward a hypercoagulable state and development of thrombosis.
Bivalirudin as an Alternative Anticoagulant for Cardiopulmonary Bypass During Adult Cardiac Surgery—A Change in Practice
Authors: Gatt Peter , Galea Samuel Anthony , Busuttil Walter , Grima Charles , Muscat Jeffrey , Farrugia Yvette
Published: July 2023

The referral of patients for open heart surgery, presenting with a history of heparin hypersensitivity instigated a multidisciplinary effort to find an alternative anticoagulant to heparin. The various options mentioned in the literature call for changes in the routine practice of open heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass. These changes involve mostly the perfusion setup and conduct on bypass and to a lesser extent the anesthetic and surgical practice. Nevertheless, the different professions involved in the cardiac surgical firm discussed the proposed changes in a multidisciplinary effort. A new protocol was drafted, endorsed, and executed. The authors highlight these changes and their successful use in the subsequent case study.
Cardiac Surgery in Developing Countries
Authors: Reichert Hannah A. , Rath Thomas E.
Published: July 2023

This literature review summarizes recommendations and challenges encountered when establishing cardiac surgery centers in developing countries and common heart diseases encountered abroad. Cardiac surgery is not widely available in most developing countries, and most patients have no choice but to live in morbid conditions. The ideal continuous treatment for these patients would be provided by a local, sustainable cardiac surgery center. A collaborative effort from international volunteers, nongovernmental organizations, local governments, and private benefactors is necessary to facilitate adequate cardiac care in developing countries.
Argatroban for Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia during Venovenous Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation with Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration
Authors: Sin Jonathan H. , Lopez Natasha D.
Published: July 2023

Patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) are at risk of circuit thrombosis due to constant contact between blood and the extracorporeal components. Unfractionated heparin has traditionally been used in this setting as a systemic form of anticoagulation to prevent thrombosis of the circuit. However, if a patient develops heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT), an alternative anticoagulant would be required while the patient is maintained on ECMO. Unfortunately, the pharmacokinetic changes induced by ECMO and critical illness may potentially affect optimal drug dosing. In addition, other modalities, such as continuous renal replacement therapy, may further complicate dosing strategies. We report the case of a 27-year-old man with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome who developed HIT while on venovenous ECMO with continuous venovenous hemofiltration. We describe the successful use of an argatroban infusion in this setting at much higher doses than what has previously been reported in the adult literature.
Review on sheet and tube forming at elevated temperature of third generation of high-strength steels
Authors: Bruschi Stefani , Ghiotti Andrea , Simonetto Enrico
Published: July 2023

The paper intends to review the most recent research works carried out in the framework of forming processes carried out at elevated temperature on steel sheets and tubes. The increasing demand of high strength-to-weight ratio components in different sectors, such as the automotive and aerospace ones, has recently pushed a more and more remarkable development of forming processes that involve the heating of the sheet at such temperatures to assure not only enhanced formability characteristics, but also microstructural features that can improve the component in-service properties. The focus of the paper will be on variants of the hot stamping process carried out on high strength-to-weight steel sheets and tubes to tailor the part characteristics.
Nichtkleinzelliges Bronchialkarzinom
Authors: Krome Susanne
Published: July 2023

Etwa 50–60 % der Patienten, die wegen nichtkleinzelliger Bronchialkarzinome (NSCLC) EGFR-Tyrosinkinase-Inhibitoren (TKI) der 1./2. Generation erhalten, entwickeln eine Resistenz durch die Mutation T790M. Der TKI der 3. Generation Osimertinib ist gegen EGFR-T790M gerichtet und wirksam bei diesen Patienten. Die Studiengruppe Kraskowski et al. diskutiert, bei einer hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit für eine Resistenzentwicklung Osimertinib als Joker zurückzuhalten.
Umsetzung von Rehanachsorgeangeboten bei Kindern und Jugendlichen.
Perspektiven aus der Praxis
Authors: Stumm Judith , Fahrenkrog Sandra , Klüpfel Laura , Spyra Karla
Published: July 2023

Hintergrund und Zielstellung Für einen langfristigen und
nachhaltigen Rehaerfolg bei chronisch erkrankten Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde
mit Inkrafttreten des Flexirentengesetzes unter anderem die Durchführung
der Rehanachsorge für Kinder und Jugendliche ermöglicht.
Für die Umsetzung und Nutzung von Rehanachsorgeprogrammen gilt es,
verschiedene Barrieren und Herausforderungen zu überwinden und
involvierte Akteur*innen rollenspezifisch mit einzubeziehen. Ziel der
qualitativen Studie war es, die Perspektiven von
Kinderärzt*innen und Rehaklinikmitarbeiter*innen
hinsichtlich des Wissensstandes, des Bedarfs sowie der Barrieren in Bezug auf
Nachsorgeangebote für Kinder und Jugendliche zu untersuchen.

Methodik Es wurden 20 semistrukturierte Telefoninterviews mit
niedergelassenen Kinder- und Jugendärzt*innen (N=10)
sowie Rehaklinikmitarbeiter*innen (N=10) geführt. Die
Daten wurden audiodigital aufgenommen, anonymisiert transkribiert und
inhaltsanalytisch ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Sowohl die niedergelassenen Ärzt*innen als auch
die Klinikmitarbeiter*innen sind positiv gegenüber dem Konzept
der Rehanachsorge eingestellt. Mangelnde Informationen, fehlende
Kommunikationswege, knappe zeitliche Ressourcen und unklare
Verantwortungsbereiche sind Gründe für die
zurückhaltende Nutzung von Rehanachsorgeangeboten.

Schlussfolgerung Rehanachsorgeangebote für Kinder und Jugendliche
stellen eine essentielle Ergänzung zur medizinischen Rehabilitation dar.
Barrieren und Herausforderungen im Zugang und der Nutzung sollten
zunächst aus der Perspektive von Versorger*innen beleuchtet und
berücksichtigt werden. Eine gezielte Informationspolitik zu bestehenden
Nachsorgeangeboten sowie eine standardisierte Regelung der
Zuständigkeiten können eine Umsetzung und Nutzung von
Rehanachsorgeangeboten fördern und die jeweiligen Akteur*innen
entlasten.
Interactions between high hydrogen content syngas–air premixed flames and homogeneous isotropic turbulence: Flame thickening
Authors: Ganti Himakar , Bravo Luis , Khare Prashant
Published: July 2023

This paper reports the findings from a three-dimensional direct numerical simulation conducted to investigate the turbulent flame behaviors of premixed high-hydrogen content syngas (with 50% hydrogen on a per mole basis) and air mixtures. To accomplish this, a laminar flame front is placed in a homogeneous isotropic decaying turbulence field composed of a syngas–air mixture at an equivalence ratio of 0.7 and allowed to evolve for 1.4 eddy turnover times. Homogeneous isotropic turbulence is generated using a helical forcing function in a cubic domain with a grid size of 256 × 256 × 256. The Reynolds number based on the Taylor microscale, Reλ, is 57 for the generated turbulence field. The laminar flame front is placed at the center of the domain. The premixture enters the domain at a velocity of 8 m/s and at an initial temperature of 800 K. The pressure remains constant at 1 atm. In addition to quantifying the spatial and temporal evolution of turbulent characteristics and flame structure, the study also focuses on identifying turbulence/flame interactions, specifically, the impact of these interactions on flame thickness. Energy transfer from small to large scales, i.e., a reverse cascade is observed as a result of energy release due to chemical reactions at the small scales that is transferred to larger scales. The increase in turbulent intensities due to chemical reactions correlates with flame thickening.
Time-dependent equation-of-motion coupled-cluster simulations with a defective Hamiltonian
Authors: Yuwono Stephen H. , Cooper Brandon C. , Zhang Tianyuan , Li Xiaosong , DePrince A. Eugene
Published: July 2023

Simulations of laser-induced electron dynamics in a molecular system are performed using time-dependent (TD) equation-of-motion (EOM) coupled-cluster (CC) theory. The target system has been chosen to highlight potential shortcomings of truncated TD-EOM-CC methods [represented in this work by TD-EOM-CC with single and double excitations (TD-EOM-CCSD)], where unphysical spectroscopic features can emerge. Specifically, we explore driven resonant electronic excitations in magnesium fluoride in the proximity of an avoided crossing. Near the avoided crossing, the CCSD similarity-transformed Hamiltonian is defective, meaning that it has complex eigenvalues, and oscillator strengths may take on negative values. When an external field is applied to drive transitions to states exhibiting these traits, unphysical dynamics are observed. For example, the stationary states that make up the time-dependent state acquire populations that can be negative, exceed one, or even complex-valued.
Pushing the performance limits of long wavelength interband cascade lasers using innovative quantum well active regions
Authors: Shen Yixuan , Massengale J. A. , Yang Rui Q. , Hawkins S. D. , Muhowski A. J.
Published: July 2023

We report significantly enhanced device performance in long wavelength interband cascade lasers (ICLs) by employing a recently proposed innovative quantum well (QW) active region containing strained InAsP layers. These ICLs were able to operate at wavelengths near 14.4 μm, the longest ever demonstrated for III–V interband lasers, implying great potential of ICLs to cover an even wider wavelength range. Also, by applying the aforesaid QW active region configuration on ICLs at relatively short wavelengths, ICLs were demonstrated at a low threshold current density (e.g., 13 A/cm2 at 80 K) and at temperatures up to 212 K near 12.4 μm, more than 50 K higher than the previously reported ICLs with the standard W-shape QW active region at similar wavelengths. This suggests that the QW active region with InAsP layers can be used to improve device performance at the shorter wavelengths.
Indirect translation and its influence on term variation
Authors: Cabezas-García Melania , León-Araúz Pilar
Published: July 2023

Term variation occurs when different designations are used to name the same concept. In institutional settings,
such as the European Union, term variants multiply, partly as a result of the different languages and directions involved.
Indirect translation is a recurrent practice in these multilingual contexts since it limits the number of language combinations,
besides reducing costs and the need for translators. This paper describes how indirect translation via English has an influence on
Spanish term variation in the European Union. We analyzed the EUR-Lex and Europarl English and Spanish corpora in Sketch Engine.
The focus was on concepts related to Sustainable Development Goal 13: Climate Action, which are specifically
addressed in these institutional corpora as a result of a long-standing environmental awareness. Our analysis indicates that
indirect translation seems to have a subtle effect on term variants, since their proliferation seems to be mitigated when indirect
translation is used.
Fabrication of tungsten oxide powder from WC–Co cemented carbide scraps by oxidation behaviour
Authors: Park Min Soo , Gwak Jong-Min , Jang Kyeong-mi , Ha Gook-Hyun
Published: July 2023

Tungsten contains cemented carbide and is an industrially important material. Tungsten oxide is also used as a hardmetal; thus, there is an increased demand for nanosized and highly purified products. This has spurred considerable research interest toward developing a controlled technique for oxidising cemented carbide scraps to directly recycle them into powders. Cemented carbide is converted into tungsten oxide in an oxidising atmosphere, and is characterised as a porous powder formed by expansion during the oxidation reaction. Uniformly oxidising powdery cemented carbide during oxidation heat treatment is difficult, and tungsten oxide particles grow when oxidised at a high temperature for long durations. To study the uniform oxidation of WC–Co cemented carbide, the oxidation behaviour of powdered WC–Co was analysed by varying the temperature and atmospheric oxygen concentration. The phases of the produced oxide powder were analysed, and the specific surface area was measured to confirm the average particle size.
Highly wear resistant dual-phase (Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta)C/(Ti-Zr-Nb-Hf-Ta) B2 high-entropy ceramics
Authors: Naughton-Duszová Annamária , Medveď Dávid , Ďaková Lenka , Kovalčíková Alexandra , Švec Peter , Tatarko Peter , Ünsal Hakan , Hvizdoš Pavol , Šajgalík Pavol , Dusza Ján
Published: July 2023

Wear characteristics of a fine-grained dual-phase high-entropy (Ti0.14Zr0.2Nb0.2Hf0.2Ta0.26)C + (Ti0.38Zr0.18Nb0.22Hf0.115Ta0.105)B2 were investigated using the ball-on-flat technique/dry sliding in air. The experimental material showed very high density with a value of 8.72 g/cm3 and a small grain size of HEC and HEB grains with values of 0.95 ± 0.30 and 0.99 ± 0.27 μm, respectively. The nano-hardness of the HEC and HEB grains is very high with mean values of 37.4 ± 2.3 and 43.0 ± 2.9 GPa, respectively with the micro-hardness of the dual system HV1 29.4 ± 2.0 GPa. The friction coefficient values during the test with 5 and 10 N increased from a value of 0.4 and reached the values 0.65 and 0.77 at the sliding distances of approximately 1500 and 1000 m, respectively. The specific wear rate decreased with increasing sliding distance at 5 N load, from 4.75 × 10−7 mm3/Nm to 4.2 × 10−7 mm3/Nm and at 10 N from 2.1 × 10−7 to 1.7 × 10−7 mm3/Nm. The dominant wear mechanisms in both cases were an oxidation-driven tribo-chemical reaction and tribo-layer formation in boride grains and mechanical wear in carbide grains.