bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Box Design Selection for Portable Minapadi Based on Hydrostatic and Thermal Loading Simulation
Authors: Tri Julianto Baskoro , Setiawan Budi Indra , Saptomo Satyanto Krido
Published: November 2024

Land conversions pose a threat to food security. Urban agriculture is considered to be a solution to this issue. Urban agricultural innovations are diverse, including vertiminaponics, cube-model microirrigation, and Nonpowered Automatic Fertigation systems. The development of a powerless automatic fertigation innovation involves creating a portable Minapadi concept by substituting some components, such as pots, with fiberglass boxes. This study aims to achieve a good box design to support the concept of urban agriculture. The study began by testing 10 fiberglass samples on a UTM machine to obtain the mechanical properties of the material, such as the modulus of elasticity, which were input into a computer simulator along with other physical and mechanical properties. The computer-aided simulator used was the ANSYS 2024 R2 Student software, simulating two potential box designs: the first box had a thickness of 4 mm with a lateral support in the middle of its vertical span, while the second box had a thickness of 6 mm without lateral support. Loading was applied hydrostatically with water level heights ranging from 50 to 400 mm and thermal loading simulating solar radiation. The results of this study show that solar radiation has a minimal impact on box deformation, whereas water-level height plays a significant role in box deformation. The first box design was considered the best based on deformation due to hydrostatic pressure, with a maximum deformation of 2.175 mm under hydrostatic loading with a water level height of 400 mm.
Auto-Transfusion Tourniquet (A-TT) Reanimation of Cardiac Arrest Patients-A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Gavriely Noam
Published: November 2024

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (CA) with CPR has poor outcomes. We report our experience with 17 patients admitted to the Eisenhower Emergency Department (ED) in Rancho Mirage, CA, who underwent treatment with a novel autotransfusion tourniquet (A-TT, Oneg HaKarmel, Israel).

Methods: The Eisenhower IRB authorized this report. All patients were in terminal arrest after receiving CPR throughout the 22-56 minutes of transport to the ED. One or both legs received the A-TT upon arrival at the ED. This study is derived from a retrospective analysis of emergency department medical records.

Results: Seven patients were removed because (a) the collapse was unwitnessed (two patients), (b) non-cardiac etiology (four patients), or (c) improper use of A-TT (one patient). The collapse of the remaining 10 patients was witnessed and attributed to cardiac causes. Seven of these 10 individuals had ROSC within 1-5 minutes following the A-TT application. Five ROSC patients were transferred to the ICU, and one was released neurologically intact.

Discussion: As a “mechanical vasoconstrictor,” the A-TT sends blood from the legs to the core and prevents the blood from returning. This directs CPR cardiac output to the vital organs. The rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) in this small cohort is higher than expected, considering the significant time elapsed since the onset of cardiac arrest.

Conclusion: Mechanical distal-to-proximal shifting of the legs’ blood by the A-TT has the potential to improve the rate of ROSC when applied together with standard CPR. Earlier use of A-TT may lead to a better outcome.
Kajian Pustaka: Toksisitas Metronidazole pada Anjing dan Kucing
Authors: Chandra Franky Samuel Milenyano , Widagdo Hagai Deosiddhanta , Kustiantari Ni Luh Dewi , Gayanti Alya Nita Shena , Farros Cita Kanz , Medha Putu Kreshna , Batan I Wayan
Published: November 2024

Metronidazole merupakan salah satu kelompok senyawa nitroimidazole yang cukup sering digunakan dalam praktik kedokteran hewan untuk menangani berbagai kondisi pada anjing dan kucing. Metronidazole diakui sebagai antibiotik yang sangat penting di seluruh dunia dan ditemukan dalam daftar obat esensial Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (World Health Organization/WHO) dan Asosiasi Dokter Hewan Kecil Dunia (World Small Animal Veterinary Association/WSAVA). Tujuan dari penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk menambah wawasan dan himbauan dalam pemberian pengobatan, agar dapat menghindari kejadian toksisitas metronidazole pada anjing dan kucing. Toksisitas metronidazole pada anjing dan kucing umumnya disebabkan oleh pemberian obat yang melampaui dosis normal atau pemberian obat dalam jangka waktu panjang. Toksisitas metronidazole dapat bermanifestasi dalam dua tanda, yaitu melalui tanda-tanda gastrointestinal dan sistem saraf pusat. Efek samping paling umum dari penggunaan metronidazole yang berlebih terhadap sistem gastrointestinal dan sistem saraf pusat anjing dan kucing adalah diare, nyeri/kram perut, mual, muntah, mulut kering, dysgeusia (distorsi rasa), anoreksia, kepala miring (head tilt) dan berputar-putar (tortikolis), kelesuan/kelemahan, nistagmus posisional atau vertikal, midriasis (pelebaran pupil), gangguan penglihatan, refleks menace yang berkurang, refleks pupil terhadap cahaya yang berkurang, disartria, dismetria, tetraparesis, tremor, kejang, kekakuan, ensefalopati, opistotonus, neuropati perifer, depresi, hingga perubahan mental. Kedua tanda tersebut dapat bervariasi tergantung pada durasi paparan dan tingkat keparahan. Pemeriksaan penunjang pada kasus toksisitas metronidazole dapat meliputi pemeriksaan hematologi rutin, pemeriksaan biokimia darah, dan magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Penanganan toksisitas metronidazole berfokus pada penghentian segera obat metronidazole yang dikonsumsi sebelumnya, perawatan suportif, perawatan simtomatis, dan pemantauan tanda-tanda vital. Penanganan toksisitas metronidazole sangat tergantung dari durasi paparan dan tingkat keparahan.
Las biofábricas, nuevos modelos de producción y acceso a los insumos agrícolas en América Latina
Authors: Goulet Frédéric , Guerrero Poveda Daniela , Odjo Sylvanus
Published: November 2024

La producción y el acceso a alternativas a los insumos agrícolas químicos despiertan el interés de muchos actores del sector agropecuario. En América Latina, el auge de los insumos de base biológica, incluidos los biofertilizantes, los agentes de control biológico y los bioestimulantes, ofrece soluciones a estos desafíos (ver Perspectives 55, mayo de 2021). Este auge es el resultado de años de inversión pública en investigación y desarrollo, y del dinamismo de la industria en el desarrollo de tecnologías basadas en microorganismos, macroorganismos o extractos vegetales. Sin embargo, está tomando una vía distinta a los canales tradicionales de abastecimiento agrícola: ONG, redes de agricultores, políticas públicas e incluso algunos actores privados están fomentando la producción de bioinsumos en biofábricas, directamente en las explotaciones agrícolas o en instalaciones comunitarias en zonas rurales. Estas biofábricas abren nuevas perspectivas, pero al mismo tiempo se enfrentan a grandes retos.
Befektetői hangulat és a hozam-előrejelzés a Budapesti Értéktőzsdén
Authors: Nagy Attila Zoltán
Published: November 2024

A tanulmány a befektetői hangulat és a részvénypiac hozama közötti kapcsolat irányát, erősségét
vizsgálja meg a Budapesti Értéktőzsde részvényindexén 6 befektetői hangulatindikátor segítségével
az 1998–2024 közötti időszakon. Az eredmények arra utalnak, hogy a kapcsolat nem lineáris, és az
optimista, a pesszimista időszakokban megváltozik a hangulat és a hozam közötti kapcsolat iránya,
erőssége. Az optimista hangulatot követő 3, 6, 12, 18 hónapos időtávon az átlaghozam alacsonyabb,
mint a pesszimista hangulatot követő időszakban. Felhasználva a fenti eredményeket, összesen
43 200 modellváltozatot vizsgálva 726 426 ügyletkötésen megállapítható, hogy a BUX-indexet felülteljesítő modellváltozatok közös jellemzője a semleges piaci hangulat időszakában történő ügyletkötés, míg az optimális ügyletzárás az optimista hangulat kezdetéhez vagy végéhez köthető.
Comparison of arch length and width in the angle Class II malocclusion with extraction and non-extraction in the Dental Hospital Universitas Airlangga
Authors: Hamid Thalca , Adhim Muhammad Fauzan , Alida Alida
Published: November 2024

Background: Depending on the disparity seen, orthodontic treatments frequently take into account the possibility of tooth extraction or non-extraction. Class II Angle malocclusion cases are the specific emphasis of this study, whereas Class I Angle malocclusion patients were the focus of earlier research. Purpose: Examining how tooth extraction and non-extraction therapies affect arch length in patients with Class II Angle malocclusion is the goal. Method: Arch length was measured using pre- and post-treatment models of individuals with Class II Angle malocclusion who had extraction and nonextraction treatments. To find out if there were any notable variations, the collected data was analyzed. Results: The maxillary and mandibular arch lengths in the extraction group were significantly different before and after orthodontic treatment (p<0.05). Likewise, the the widths of the mandibular and maxillary arches before and after orthodontic treatment were significantly different (p<0.05). The maximum and arch length in the non-extraction group had a signifiant different before and after orthodontic treatment (p<0.05). Conclusion: the sagittal arch length decreased in both extraction and nonextraction treatments, the arch width decreased in extraction treatments, and the arch width increased in non-extraction treatments. In patients with Class II malocclusion, there are notable changes in the sagittal arch width and length before and after orthodontic treatment, whether extraction or non-extraction. Compared to the non-extraction treatment group, the extraction treatment group experienced more substantial alterations in sagittal arch length and width.
Malocclusion prevalence in 11-13 years old student in the Madrasah Tsanawiyah Melirang, Gresik
Authors: Ardani I Gusti Wahju Aju , Rahmawati Dwi , Nugraha Alexander Patera , Pramusita Adya , Ariyadi Satrio Kris
Published: November 2024

Background: When teeth are not positioned correctly, it is referred to as malocclusion, and it frequently happens in the general population. One of the traits of malocclusion that is frequently observed in children beginning in the early mixed dentition phase is crowded teeth. This disorder will become more serious and cause speech, masticatory, and cosmetic issues if therapy is not started right away. Environmental and genetic factors have a significant impact on malocclusion. Therefore, a child's nutrition, bad habits, trauma to the main teeth, and the pattern acquired from both parents will all affect the malocclusion's characteristics. Purpose: Enhance instruction in identifying malocclusion and the stages of permanent and changing tooth growth. Methods: Forty-six students from Madrasah Tsanawiyah's classes 7A and 7B participated. Intraoral examinations and the completion of pretest and posttest questionnaires were used to collect data. Next, Stastical Package Social Science (SPSS) version 23 was used to analyze the frequency distribution data. Results: Male students had more crowded teeth (20) and less crowded teeth (2) than female students (18) and less crowded teeth (6). Class I malocclusion (41), class II malocclusion (3), and class III malocclusion (2) are the highest. Conclusion: Malocclusion class I is characterized by the greatest number of crowded teeth in males aged 8 to 10 years.
MicroRNA-21 expression as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer: A narrative review
Authors: Llahfi Yasminia Sambac Shofie Putri , Zafar Anis Fatimah , ZV Astrid Faradia , Pandora Imelda Prisca , SD Alfonsus Sindhu , NA Muhammad Rafi , Widyanti Salma Putri , Andrew Emmanuel , Eliya A Salsabilla , Alfisaida Aliyya , Qadira R Malika , Rodhiyah B Aimmatur , Ramadhani Puspita , Indriani Ratri , Salim Achmad Faishal , Septyan A Ciptantyo , Rachmad C Alfin , Mujahidah Amirah , Wati Sisca Meida
Published: November 2024

Background: Oral cancer is a life-threatening disease that has 377.713 new cases every year and 60% of the 5-year overall survival rate globally. Approximately 84–97% of oral cancer arises from squamous cells, categorized as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). MiR-21 is a single-stranded, non-coding RNA that has been studied for its role in carcinogenesis. Overexpression of miR-21 is found in various cancers and is linked to a poor prognosis. However, few studies analyze the expression of miR-21 as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer. Purpose: This review aimed to describe the expression of miR-21 as a novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in oral cancer. Review: MiR-21 was found to be upregulated in various cancers, including oral cancer. miR-21 targets several tumor suppressors such as PTEM, TPM1, and PDCD4 to modulate characteristics linked to cancer prognosis, including cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the constant increase of miR-21 expression in healthy oral mucosa to oral potentially malignant disease to OSCC demonstrated its diagnostic value. Conclusion: miRNA-21 may act as a novel diagnostic and prognosticbiomarker of oral cancer.
IDENTIFICATION OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA PATIENTS IN MENTAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Rindayati Rindayati , Nasir Abd , Kurniawan Yeri , Iswatun Iswatun , Harianto Susilo , Sofiatun Sofiatun , Fadilah Firsca Nur
Published: November 2024

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a group of disorders characterized by hallucinations, delusions, changes in thought flow, affect, and agitation. This disease attacks people of various ages, genders, and educational and economic levels. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of patients with schizophrenia in mental hospitals. Methods: This quantitative research used a descriptive approach, with a sample of 319 patients. Data was taken using a purposive sampling technique, the data source was from the medical records of the Menur Mental Hospital, Surabaya in January-March 2023. Variables, namely the characteristics of schizophrenia patients, include age, gender, education, employment, and marital status. Data analysis uses quantitative description. Results: The average age of patients is 25-44 years with a mean value (2.78), the largest age is 25-44 years (37.6%), 3-4 years (20.1%), a small percentage is >65 years (4.4 %), there were more men (63.3%) than women, the majority, 77.1%, did not work, the majority of patients had a high school or equivalent education (36.7%), and 68% were not married. Conclusions: Characteristics of schizophrenic patients, most of them are adults, men, not working, lower middle school education, and not married. Identification of important characteristics is used as basic information in early patient treatment.
OPTIMIZING MOLECULAR TECHNIQUES FOR ACCURATE EXAMINATION OF LEPTOSPIRA SPECIES: A COMPREHENSIVE PRIMER FOR RESEARCHERS
Authors: Aldiana Astuti  , Farida Dwi Handayani
Published: November 2024

Background: Leptospirosis is a potentially life-threatening disease caused by bacteria of the genus Leptospira. The accurate identification and characterization of Leptospira species are critical for disease surveillance, outbreak investigation, and treatment strategies. Molecular techniques, such as Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequencing, have revolutionized the field of microbiology, providing rapid and accurate identification of Leptospira strains. However, optimizing these molecular techniques for accurate examination of Leptospira species can be challenging due to the genetic diversity and complexity of these bacteria. Purpose: This research aims to identify the most suitable primers for the precise identification of pathogenic Leptospira strains. Method: This research used the PCR method, using LipL32, rrs2, seqY, LipL41, IcdA, and Adk primers. A total of 17 isolates of pathogenic Leptospira bacteria were cultured from Institute of Vector Control and Reservoir Disease (IVRCD) in Salatiga, Indonesia. Result: The results of the research showed that the LipL41 and IcdA primers were found to be effective in distinguishing pathogenic strains, while the seqY, LipL32, Adk, and rrs2 primers required further refinement. The suitable Melting Temperature (TM) or annealing temperature is 58°C with 35 cycles of amplification. DNA concentration and purity had an A260/A280 ratio ranging between 1.8 and 2.8. Conclusion: LipL41 (500 bp) and IcdA (700 bp) are suitable primers for identifying pathogenic Leptospira.
OPTIMIZATION OF DENATURATION TEMPERATURE AND TIME USING REAL-TIME PCR METHOD IN HEPATITIS B TEST
Authors: Tanti Yulia Dewi  , Fusvita Merdekawati  , Ai Djuminar  , Yogi Khoirul Abror
Published: November 2024

Background: The hepatitis B test can be conducted using the real-time PCR method. In chronic cases, the test is performed by detecting one of the Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) specific genes, HBcAg. The real-time PCR method requires optimization to obtain optimal results. Purpose: This research aims to determine the optimal temperature and time for denaturation in the hepatitis B test using the real-time PCR method. Method: The research method used was a quasi-experiment involving variations in temperature (94 °C, 95 °C, and 96 °C) and time (10 seconds, 15 seconds, and 20 seconds) for denaturation. Data processing resulted in static group comparisons based on 27 primary data from the Cycle Threshold (CT) value. Result: Variations in temperature conditions, specifically at 94 °C, 95 °C, and 96 °C, combined with a denaturation time of 10 seconds, yielded the mean CT values of 26.495, 26.355, and 26.003, respectively. When the temperature conditions were maintained at 94 °C, 95 °C, and 96 °C, with a denaturation time of 15 seconds, yielded the mean CT values of 25.962, 25.641, and 25.396. Similarly, under temperature conditions of 94 °C, 95 °C, and 96 °C with a denaturation time of 20 seconds, yielded the mean CT values of 26.544, 26.505, and 25.830 were obtained. Conclusion: Optimal results in this study are obtained through the acquisition of the smallest CT value, namely at temperature conditions of 96 °C and 15 seconds.
THE EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH IMPLEMENTATION ON WORK MOTIVATION AND PRODUCTIVITY IN XYZ FURNITURE PRODUCTION IN SLEMAN REGENCY
Authors: Hakim  , Amelia Aminuddin A.P. Rezki
Published: November 2024

Background: The XYZ furniture in Sleman Regency has three workstations: (1) Measuring and cutting, (2) Refining, and (3) Finishing. The production process in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) still needs to implement OSH principles fully. Purpose: To determine how implementing occupational health and safety measures affects work motivation and productivity. Method: In this research, the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) method was used, and all six employees were involved in the production process, aged 22 to 32 years. Result: The research demonstrates a significant positive impact of OSH implementation on work motivation (tcount = 3.477, p-value = 0.000), highlighting its substantial influence in enhancing employee motivation. Furthermore, a notable positive association is found between OSH implementation and work productivity (tcount = 3.653, p-value = 0.000), confirming the significant contribution of OSH practices to overall work productivity improvement. Additionally, the investigation reveals that work motivation significantly influences increased work productivity (tcount = 2.641, p-value = 0.008), underscoring the importance of cultivating motivation for enhancing workplace productivity. The highest influence value of the ten indicators (X24) is 9.18, which indicates work quality. Conclusion: The direct application of OSH substantially impacts on both work motivation and productivity. Moreover, a significant relationship is observed between work motivation and work productivity. Considering the utmost importance of work quality, improvements are recommended to enhance workstation design through a participatory ergonomics approach, and implementing the 5S concept in the furniture production area can effectively increase work quality.
Thermal degradation of hyaluronic acid dermal fillers
Authors: Yi Kyu-Ho
Published: November 2024

Hyaluronic acid (HA) dermal fillers are extensively used for facial volume enhancement. Despite their widespread use, HA fillers are prone to degradation due to various factors, including enzymatic activity, pH changes, ultrasound exposure, temperature variations, oxidative stress, and ultraviolet (UV) radiation. To mitigate these issues, manufacturers have developed cross-linking techniques to improve the stability of HA fillers. Energy-based devices (EBDs) are increasingly utilized for purposes such as skin tightening, collagen stimulation, and fat reduction. However, the interaction between EBDs and HA fillers is complex and requires further investigation. Recent research has examined the effects of EBDs on HA fillers, yielding mixed results. Some studies suggest that early EBD treatment may lead to the degradation of HA fillers, while others find no significant impact. The timing between filler injection and EBD treatment appears to be crucial, with delayed treatment potentially reducing the risk of degradation. Histological examinations have demonstrated that the interactions between EBDs and HA fillers are intricate, influenced by factors such as the location of the filler and the timing of the treatment. The relationship between EBDs and HA fillers is multifaceted and affected by numerous variables, including the type of EBD, energy levels, filler characteristics, and the timing of the treatment. Further research involving diverse participant groups, various types of HA fillers, and different EBD technologies is necessary to develop comprehensive guidelines for optimal treatment intervals.
On Vibrations of a Heavy Material Point in a Fixed Ellipsoidal Bowl
Authors:   Ishlinsky Institute for Problems in Mechanics, RAS, Markeev A. P.
Published: November 2024

Cases are considered where the motion of the point occurs along one of the principal sections of the surface in the neighborhood of a stable equilibrium at the lowest point of the bowl. An analytical representation of the corresponding periodic motions is obtained up to terms of degree five inclusive with respect to the magnitude of perturbation of the point from the equilibrium. The stability of these periodic motions is investigated.
Research on the Algorithm of Tractor GNSS/INS Integrated Navigation System Assisted by CNN-BiLSTM
Authors: Hu Yangming , Xu Liyou , Yan Xianghai , Chang Ningjie , Wan Qigang , Wu Yiwei
Published: November 2024

In farmland environments where GNSS signals are obstructed—such as forested areas or adverse weather conditions，the traditional GNSS/INS integrated navigation system is affected by the instability of satellite signals, which affects the positioning accuracy and navigation stability of the autonomous electric tractor. To address this, a model-assisted integrated navigation system is proposed, combining Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) and Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) networks. Trained under normal GNSS conditions, the CNN-BiLSTM model predicts positioning data during GNSS interruptions, ensuring continuous and stable navigation. The validity and reliability of the model is verified by the measured data of the tractor simulated field operation. The experimental results show that under the situation of GNSS signal denial for 100 seconds in the farmland scenario, the positioning accuracy of the neural network model-assisted INS output is highly close to that of the GNSS/INS output in normal conditions, and it exhibits comparable fitting accuracy to that of real GPS, which proves that the neural network model can be used to replace GNSS during GNSS denial scenarios. Moreover, the model-assisted integrated navigation significantly reduces the error of the pure INS navigation algorithm, provides effective support for the navigation of autonomous electric tractor.
The Movement Mode of the Microworld Particle
Authors: Li Jinhai
Published: November 2024

Most physicists are dissatisfied with the current explanation of quantum mechanics, and the movement of the microscopic particles always confuses most physicists. Lots of people want to find a method to solve this question. However this question cannot be solved perfectly up to now. In this paper, the annihilation generation movement (AGM) is developed according to the electron motion in hydrogen atom. To verify the AGM, a curved surface to fit the dark fringe of the single slit diffraction is proposed. Based on the AGM, the wave function of a free electron is rewritten and the double-slit experiment can be understood. Here, we show the AGM is a perfect physical image to solve the puzzles of quantum mechanics, such as the understanding of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle and the steady-state transition. We anticipate that we can find a new way to explain the quantum mechanics based on the AGM.
A Multi-Stages Local Search Algorithm for The Large-scale Integrated Scheduling Problem of TTC and DDT with Idle Degree Requirements
Authors: Wang Hao , Chen Jiawei , Chen Yuning , Chen Qiaojing
Published: November 2024

This article presents the large-scale Integrated Scheduling Problem of TTC and DDT with Idle Degree Requirements (IS-TTC&DDT-IDR), which involves efficiently allocating antenna resources and scheduling tasks for tracking, telemetry, and command (TTC) as well as digital data transmission (DDT) in satellite ground stations. The problem aims to optimize task completion while managing idle resource capacity. To tackle this challenge, a Multi-Stages Local Search (MSLS) algorithm is proposed. The MSLS algorithm is designed based on the problem’s unique characteristics and is structured in three stages: the first stage uses a Forcibly Insertion Procedure (FIP) to generate a high-quality initial solution for DDT tasks, the second stage also uses the Forced Insertion Procedure (FIP) to optimize the TTC task, and the third stage enhances idle capacity through an Exchanging Procedure (EP). To design the experiments, this paper firstly extends task scale in quasi-real scenarios to ten-thousands level within a multi-satellite system, while current studies conduct their experiments in maximum 1600 tasks. Extensive empirical results based on such scenarios demonstrate that the MSLS algorithm outperforms reference algorithms on optimization value, stability, and convergence.
Organising a Bariatic-Center: A Swiss Perspective
Authors: Peros Georgios , Cereser Teresa , Lazaridis Ioannis , Baechler Thomas
Published: November 2024

Background: The ongoing obesity epidemic leads to increasing numbers of bariatric procedures, which nowadays belong to the most commonly performed visceral surgeries in western countries. To deal with the increasing caseload and to measure up with the expectation of patients and referral doctors, an increasing number of hospitals need to offer such procedures in future. This narrative article summarises requirements, considerations and strategies for organising a modern obesity center based on the example of a swiss tertiary referral center. Objectives: To describe the process needed to organise a multidisciplinary bariatric centre ex novo in a tertiary hospital. To overview the necessary steps a and how to overcome limitations which occur during the process. Methods: The assembly of the bariatric centre started in the second half of 2021 with operational start in 2023. It included the setup of an interprofessional team with endocrinologist, nutritionist and physiotherapists to evaluate people with morbid obesity. Pathways for the preoperative assessment were adjusted to address the specific requirements of bariatric patients. For the hospital stay Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS)- like pathways were designed. Healthcare professionals were trained for the preoperative assessment, treatment during the hospital stay and postoperative care. Further healthcare professionals were recruited where needed. To achieve this partnerships with already established centres were built up. Current literature was thoroughly studied and requirements of national and international recommendations were fulfilled. In addition, surgical sets for bariatric surgery had to be composed. Appropriate facilities were integrated in the planning of the new building of the hospital. Results: Over a period of about 18 months, we were able to create from scratch a bariatric centre that can cover all aspects of the treatment of patients with obesity, from conservative therapy to bariatric surgery and long-term follow-up. Patients which fulfilled criteria of Highly specialised medicine (esp. revisional surgery, BMI >50kg/m2, age>65 years) where operated in the associated reference center, when indication, was not urgent. Conclusions: Organising a bariatric centre needs a multidisciplinary setup. The core team has to be made up by professionals with experience in the field of obesity and bariatric surgery. Training of all involved professionals and disciplines has to be secured. In this intention, fellowships and cooperations with other bariatric centers are indispensable. Before implementation of bariatric surgery diagnostic flowcharts for preoperative assessment, clinical pathways for the peri- and postoperative care and the follow- up- care have to be defined in a detailed manner.
Public Transit Systems and Sustainability: A Review of Key Concepts and Practices
Authors: Ullah Abid , Ullah Hamid
Published: November 2024

Public transportation is often considered a key element in building sustainable cities. However, the broader impacts of transportation—such as its effects on society, the economy, and the environment—can create challenges that threaten the overall sustainability of urban areas. This paper provides a detailed review of existing research on the relationship between public transportation and sustainability.First, the paper explores the main concepts related to sustainable transportation, explaining how public transport systems can help achieve sustainability goals. These goals include reducing pollution, minimizing traffic congestion, and making transportation more affordable and accessible for everyone.Next, the paper looks at previous studies that have examined sustainable transportation in practice. By reviewing these studies, the paper develops recommendations for how to better plan, design, and study public transportation systems to make them more sustainable. This section emphasizes the importance of integrating social, environmental, and economic factors when planning transit systems.Finally, the paper concludes by offering suggestions for future research. It highlights areas where more study is needed to fully understand the sustainability performance of public transportation. This includes exploring ways to measure sustainability in public transit and how new technologies or policies can improve the sustainability of public transport systems in the future.
Analysis of the Impact of Optimized Airborne LiDAR Point Density on DEM Accuracy under Different Terrain Conditions
Authors: Li Jinru , Tian Maoyi , Ren Yancun , Wang Haoyang
Published: November 2024

Airborne LiDAR point cloud data, as a commonly used spatial data, is also the main source for obtaining high-quality Digital Elevation Model (DEM) at present. In order to study the relationship between point cloud data and interpolation algorithms under different sampling densities on the accuracy of DEM construction, and to verify that the test area can form high-quality DEM topographic maps in 1:500 and 1:1000 large-scale topographic maps to meet the mapping standards, this paper uses airborne point cloud data under flat and gully terrain conditions as the experimental objects. Firstly, the KD tree is constructed to find the effective point cloud according to the distance threshold, in order to further enhance the filtering effect, the bilateral filtering factor is used to determine the noise points to achieve multi-scale denoising, and then the fabric filtering algorithm is used to find the seed points to achieve the accurate separation of the ground points from the non-ground points; secondly, the ground point data are randomly sampled into different densities, and the ground point data are randomly sampled into different densities by establishing a spatial interpolation algorithm (Kriging (Ordinary Kriging, OK), Radial Basis Function (RBF), and Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) to generate DEMs at different densities, and use the root-mean-square error for accuracy assessment. The results show that: 1. The accuracy of the DEM generated by the interpolation algorithm all decreases with the reduction of the point cloud density, and the accuracy of different interpolation algorithms is obviously different, when the sampling rate reaches 50% OK and IDW accuracy is optimal, the topographic features are clearly characterised and the RBF accuracy is the lowest; 2. With the enhancement of the density of point cloud on the ground, the level of accuracy of the DEM tends to be gradually stabilised. When the sampling density reaches below 30%, the DEM accuracy decreases linearly.
Fiscal Policy-Inflation Nexus: Evidence from Tunisia
Authors: Brahmia Samira
Published: November 2024

This study examines the relationship between fiscal policy and inflation volatility in Tunisia from 1998 to 2023. Using advanced econometric techniques, including the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model, the study analyses the impact of government expenditure, government revenue, money supply, balance of trade, and budget deficits on inflation using EViews 12. Key findings highlighting a significant positive relationship between budget deficits and inflation, indicating that fiscal imbalances are a major driver of inflationary pressures in Tunisia. Moreover, the study found that Money Supply, Government Revenue, Government Expenditure, and Balance of Trade do not have a statistically significant long-term impact on inflation in Tunisia. The study underscores the importance of coordinated monetary and fiscal policies in managing inflation and provides insights applicable to other developing economies facing similar challenges.
The State of the Art of Residential Building Energy Retrofits in Libya and Neighbouring Mediterranean Countries: A Systematic Review
Authors: Albarssi Salwa , Hou Shan Shan , Latif Eshrar
Published: November 2024

With the increasing concern about global warming and future climate change, attention has been drawn to the need to reduce building energy use through improving buildings’ energy efficiency. Existing residential buildings constitute the largest percentage of energy demand and carbon dioxide emissions, and hence offer significant potential for energy savings and reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The review aims to determine the most widely considered energy-efficiency measures for retrofitting existing residential buildings in Mediterranean countries and to determine the research methods and tools adopted in current research work for retrofitting existing residential buildings. This will help to identify potential areas of intervention to improve the energy efficiency of existing residential stock in Libya. This study systematically reviews the literature focusing on energy retrofit in residential buildings in Mediterranean countries, with a particular focus on the Libyan context. Forty- four publications of high relevance to the subject area are analysed under identified themes. The results reveal that while energy retrofitting is a research area of interest in the region considered, studies in a Libyan context are limited. There is also limited attention to achieving net zero energy and embodied carbon reductions, including in the Libyan context. Moreover, some weaknesses are identified for most of the studies reviewed, including those in the Libyan context, related to the credibility and reliability of the energy models.
Environmental Stress, Bacterial Cell Differentiation, and Antimicrobial Resistance
Authors: Baquero Fernando , Moreno-Blanco Ana , del Campo Rosa
Published: November 2024

Environmental stress, either natural or anthropogenic, influences both the form and function of bacterial cells. The general stress adaptive response of bacteria alters the bacterial shape, resulting in functional changes, as the bacterial cell has associated “organules” and molecular interactions that are dependent on the cell’s topology. These changes in form and function are frequently linked to bacterial differentiation, that is, the reversible production of an alternative “type of cells” more tolerant or persistent under stress. The main examples of bacterial cell differentiation are sporulation and conditional filamentation. Both strategies are extremely ancient in the bacterial tree of life, and probably most bacterial cells on Earth adopt one or another, or both of such adaptive responses. However, these phenotypic adaptations (that is, without inheritable genetic changes) can favor the emergence of permanent genetic changes. The main concept is that, because the generalized stress response and cellular differentiation, environmental stress can influence antibiotic resistance, and, conversely, the rise of antibiotic-resistant cells can have consequences in the environmental adaptation of the bacterial organisms. The confluence of both types of stress should therefore be considered as a risk and probably might accelerate the path of bacterial evolution.
Immobilization of Trametes versicolor laccase on polystyrene microspheres containing diazonium groups
Authors: Souza Stefany S. S. , Torquato Ezaine C. C. , Araújo Adilson M. , Melo Claudinei F. , Tapanes Neyda C. O. , Iulianelli Gisele . V. , Costa Luciana C.
Published: November 2024

Laccases are versatile enzymes employed in the degradation of pollutants and in organic synthesis reactions. Their immobilization enables the reuse of these biocatalysts, thereby reducing the overall process costs. However, studies on the immobilization of laccases onto polymers containing diazonium groups remain limited in the literature. This work investigates the relationship between experimental parameters—namely pH, ionic strength, and contact time between the enzyme solution and diazonium-functionalized polystyrene—and their effects on immobilization yield and biocatalyst activity in the oxidation of 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). A five-level experimental design was employed, varying the ionic strength of the citrate-phosphate buffer, pH, and contact time. The correlation between reaction variables and response variables was best fitted using second-order models. The variables pH and its quadratic interaction significantly affected the immobilization yield, while ionic strength, pH, and their interaction were significant in determining the activity of the resulting biocatalysts. The validity of the proposed regression models was confirmed by adjusted R² values, F significance, and residual analysis. After two, three, four, five, and six reuse cycles, the catalytic activity losses were 33%, 46%, 50%, 59%, and 51% of the initial activity, respectively. The loss of catalytic activity between reuse cycles was low, suggesting that the material is suitable for extended reuse. Furthermore, after 120 days of storage, the biocatalyst retained 89.9% of its initial relative activity, indicating good stability when stored under refrigeration.
Altitude and Regional Differentiation of Dark Tea Using Non-Targeted Metabolomics Based on UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS
Authors: Zhang Zhiwei , Han Yuanxi , Li Liang , Liu Zhendong
Published: November 2024

Dark tea, a fermented tea variety, is closely linked to its geographical origin in terms of quality and market value. Thus, accurately identifying the geographical origin of dark tea is crucial for ensuring its quality and determining its market price. This study established a non-targeted metabolomics approach using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS) to identify differential chemical components of dark tea from various geographical regions. Chemometric modeling was employed to predict the tea's origin. From the non-targeted metabolomics analysis of 47 dark tea samples, 12 key metabolites were selected, primarily based on altitude. Using these differential metabolites, an orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) validation model was developed. Furthermore, a method incorporating geographical factors, particularly altitude, was established, and OPLS-DA validation models were constructed for each region. After model fitting, validation, and discrimination training, the results showed no overfitting, and the accuracy rates for both the training and validation sets reached 100%. The method established in this study shows significant potential for distinguishing the geographical origin of dark tea and provides a strong foundation for origin identification in fermented foods.
Mechanical behavior and damage patterns of fault Stick–slip under various roughness conditions
Authors: Zhao Qianbai , Zhao Yong , Yang Tianhong , Wang Shuhong
Published: November 2024

Characterized by depressions and elevations, the rough surfaces of faults are prone to stress concentration and energy accumulation, leading to localized rupture in the upper and lower blocks. These regions are more susceptible to stick–slip instability, manifesting various failure modes and mechanical behaviors, which are among the key factors influencing fault reactivation. Therefore, the mechanical behavior and damage mechanisms of fault stick–slip under varying roughness levels necessitate further investigation. Acoustic emission monitoring is a crucial method for studying fault stick–slip failure models, enabling the acquisition of pertinent information during the fault activation process. However, the fault plane structures impede the propagation path and intensity of the rock fracture-induced acoustic emissions, thereby imposing certain limitations on examining the response mechanisms between the fault’s upper and lower blocks and the rock structure surfaces. In this study, discrete-element numerical simulations were used to construct numerical models under different roughness conditions to simulate the stick–slip failure process of faults. Also, by recording the changes in mechanical behaviors among particle contacts, the acoustic emission characteristics and evolutionary patterns of fault stick–slip were investigated in more depth. The findings detail how the fault roughness level impacts the stick–slip motion process, including the evolution of stress–strain relationships (e.g., number of stick–slips, threshold stress, stress drop, and maximum stress drop), energy dissipation, and acoustic emission signal characteristics (e.g., magnitude and failure mechanisms). This research offers significant insights into how fault roughness influences the stick–slip process and introduces a new numerical simulation approach for studying the mechanical behavior of fault activation. Furthermore, this study serves as a critical reference for laboratory-based fault stick–slip acoustic emission experiments and on-site microseismic monitoring research.
Association Between Low Testosterone Levels and the Risk of Osteoarthritis: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of NHANES Data (2011-2016)
Authors: Ma Ning , Gao Fang
Published: November 2024

Background
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent degenerative joint disease that significantly impacts quality of life, particularly in older adults. Testosterone, a crucial hormone for musculoskeletal health, has been suggested to play a role in OA development. This study aims to investigate the relationship between low testosterone levels and the risk of OA in a nationally representative sample from NHANES (2011–2016).
Methods
This cross-sectional study utilized data from 4,548 participants in NHANES, excluding individuals with missing testosterone or OA data. Testosterone levels were categorized as low or normal, with low testosterone defined as less than 300 ng/dL for men. The presence of OA was based on self-reported physician diagnosis. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between testosterone levels and OA, adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, smoking, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI. Restricted cubic spline analysis was performed to explore non-linear associations. Subgroup analyses and interaction terms were included to assess effect modification.
Results
Among the 4,548 participants, 812 (17.9%) had OA. Participants with OA were older, predominantly female, and had higher rates of obesity, hyperlipidemia, and smoking compared to those without OA. Low testosterone levels were associated with a significantly increased risk of OA in unadjusted (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.90–2.59; P < 0.001) and fully adjusted models (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46; P = 0.028). A non-linear relationship between testosterone levels and OA risk was observed, with increased OA risk at lower testosterone levels. Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between low testosterone and OA was consistent across demographic and clinical groups, with no significant interactions.
Conclusion
Low testosterone levels are independently associated with an increased risk of OA. This finding underscores the importance of hormonal health in OA pathogenesis and suggests that testosterone replacement therapy may be considered as a potential intervention to reduce OA risk in individuals with testosterone deficiency. Further longitudinal studies are warranted to explore the causal relationship between testosterone and OA.
Experimental Study on the Drag Reduction Performance of Sodium Alginate in Saline Solutions
Authors: Cheng Zhensong , Zhang Xin , Dai Xiaodong , Zhai Hengli , Song Xinwang , Wang Xudong , Gao Liang , Zhang Guoxin , Lu Yuan , Li Lei , Yan Xiu , Zhang Jianhua
Published: November 2024

Since the discovery of the turbulence drag reduction phenomenon over 70 years ago, it has been recognized that the addition of small quantities of drag-reducing agents to fluids can significantly decrease wall shear stress, thereby enhancing fluid pumpability. In many applications, the fluids often contain salts, such as those used in fracturing processes within the petroleum sector. The aim of this study is to experimentally investigate the effects of salinity, flow rate, and polymer concentration on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate in circular pipes. The experimental process was designed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM), and a predictive regression model for the drag reduction rate (DR) was developed. By comparing the predicted results with the experimental outcomes, we found that the accuracy of the predictive model is high, with the error controlled within ± 20%. To provide a more intuitive understanding of the effect of salinity on the drag reduction performance of sodium alginate, this paper introduces the innovative concept of Drag Reduction Inhibition Rate (ε). The results indicate that the drag reduction rate in saline solutions is generally lower than that in salt-free solutions. However, during the initial stage of turbulence, a small amount of salt facilitates the unfolding of sodium alginate molecules, thereby enhancing the drag reduction effect. Following this initial turbulent phase, the inhibitory effect of salinity on the polymer becomes pronounced. We propose that high concentrations of salt may restrict the extent of polymer unfolding, resulting in concentrated solutions degrading into dilute solutions.