bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallomorphic diagnosis of medicinal plants and their adulterants
Authors: Munuswamy E. , Krishnan V. , Amerjothy S. , Sivashankari S.
Published: January 2017

The global level revival of enthusiasm in the alternative system of therapy, especially the renewed trends towards the herbal   based indigenous formulations, has landed in the execution of certain mandatory measures. Of several such precautionaries, detection and prevention of intentional adulteration, maintenance of quality control of the herbal drugs assume primary exigence. Botanical determination of the genuineness of the herbal drugs, beyond any doubt, is the primary step before subjecting the drugs for pharmaceutical evaluations. Several botanical techniques are accessible to authenticate the identity of the herbal drugs, and application of crystallomorphic divergence is a simple but effective strategy for checking the original drugs from their adulterants. Calcium Oxalate Crystals are accredited with the phenomeon of pleomorphism and the physical property of birefringence. Added to it, the crystal habits are restricted in distribution among the plants and sometimes, specific to certain Angiosperm taxa. Further, the crystals in plant cells are easy to detect microscopically, especially under polarized light. On these merits, the morphological dimensions of the crystals and their dynamics in relation to different plant groups offer a helping hand in herbal drugs standardization. The present paper highlights the crystallomorphic spectrum and gamut of variation of the crystal scenario among the medicinal plants. The major types of crystal include prismatic, spiny spheroids or the druses, smooth spheroides (polyhedrals), rosettes, styloids, solitary acicular, bundled acicular or raphides and sand or microcrystals.  A new crystal type, namely, scalloped crystal has been recognised and added to the list. Citing specific crystal habits form the survey, a protocolic technique of application of crystallography in identification of important medicinal plants and detecting their adulterants is presented. The elite of those medicinal plants drawn from the list of renowned herbals used in ISMO are opted to illustrate the crystal specificity in relation to drug identity.
Studi Eksploratif Mengenai Yogyakarta sebagai Pengirim Wisatawan Keluarga
Authors: Wardiyanta Wardiyanta , Sudarmadji Sudarmadji , Nopirin Nopirin
Published: January 2017

Family recreation is becoming more popular among families in Yogyakarta. This phenomenon is associated with an increased understanding of the importance of family togetherness, strengthen family ties and family memories. The practice of family recreation is affected by geographic, demographic changes, and understanding of the importance of tourism for the family. The purpose of this study is to explain the tendency of families's understanding of family recreation and trend of family recreation. The findings suggest that family recreation associated with increased understanding and mobility of families. This study contributes to an understanding of the social changes in Yogyakarta families and its meaning for the tourism industry in the future.
Bem-estar de ovinos: Revisão
Authors: De Freitas Ana Carolina , Freitas Ana Carolina Barros de , Quirino Celia Raquel , Bastos Rosemary
Published: January 2017

The welfare of livestock production is a recurring theme. Ease of access to information on the production methods of species farmed to provide food to human make concern about animals is relevant to the acceptance of such products by consumers and its subsequent acquisition. In addition to the growing demands of consumers, it is known that animals with good welfare state have better health, productivity and provide high quality products. By these means, it is clear that producers must satisfy the animals' needs, making the products acceptable to consumers and increasing the system's profitability. In spite of the sheep have been one of the first species domesticated by humans, in Brazil are still not available recommendations or specific legislation for improving the welfare of this species. This literature review aims to expose the main concepts and recommendations for the welfare of sheep. These recommendations are based on various scientific researches for the welfare of sheep and provide subsidies for the development of handling techniques to improve the quality of life of the animals.
Mastite em rebanhos bubalinos e sua suscetibilidade a antimicrobianos
Authors: Mesquita Alan , Da Costa Geraldo Marcio , Vieira Martins de Almeida Flavio , Alves Demeu Fabiana , Mitke Brandão Reis Eduardo
Published: January 2017

The aim of this study was to determine the main pathogens causing mastitis in buffalo herds, correlate the presence of these pathogens in the milk quality indicators and assess the microorganism susceptibility profile found to the main antibiotics used in the control of mastitis, and also elucidate which risk factors present in the properties in which there is the presence of mastitis. The results demonstrated that mastitis is the major infectious disease, which brings great loss in individual productivity, and the possibilities for individual production rates of buffaloes are lower than expected can be correlated with the presence of the disease in herds of buffalo of Brazil.
Gigantismo fetal em cadela: Relato de caso
Authors: Albuquerque Átilla Holanda de Albuquerque , Rabelo Rodrigues Ingrid , Rocha Macedo Hermógenes Josniel , Costa Silva Jéssica Mara da , Freitas Fernandes Ycaro , Silveira Feitosa Aline , Oliveira Ferraz Richard Elaino de
Published: January 2017

Secondary dystocia the gigantism in fetus is relatively rare in small animal medicine with few related cases at literature. The dystocia occurs when there is not a successfully fetal expulsion and affects 5% of pregnant females, especially small and brachycephalic breeds. This may occur for several reasons that may be related to mother, fetus, or both. The diagnosis is based on clinical signs, radiography and ultrasonography. Depending on the clinical condition, the treatment of pacient can be through manual obstetric handlings or surgical technics. Surgical treatment should be established with urgently because its backwardness can lead to several complications as obstruction of greater circulation or endotoxemy. The aim of this work is report a case of a pinsher, female, 5 Years old, gestation of 62 days, that was received at the Polyclinic Metropolitan Veterinary, Caucaia - Ceará (HVM), with parturition obstruction by 48 hours and anuria. Ooforo-salpingo hysterectomy demonstrated be a viable choice of surgical treatment in secondary dystocia cases the fetal gigantism.
Piometra e hiperplasia vaginal em cadela: Relato de caso
Authors: Sales KARINA DE KASSIA DA SILVA SALES , Rodrigues Nhirneyla Marques , Rufino Andressa Kelly Barbosa , Luz Pedro Márcio da Silva
Published: January 2017

In the medical-veterinary routine of dogs and cats there is a high occurrence of diseases that affect the reproductive tract of the animals, affecting mostly females, can have serious consequences such as infertility. Among the many reproductive pathologies, they cite yourself with large casuistry the pyometra (cystic endometrial hyperplasia) and less commonly the vaginal hyperplasia. The piomeira tends to occur most often in middle-aged or elderly dogs animals. Already vaginal hyperplasia, affects young dogs due to estrogen action. The objective with this study, report the case of a bitch, involving both diseases. The treatment of choice made was one ovariosalpingohistectomia (OSH) and the patient recovered well. It was concluded that reproductive emergencies require proper diagnosis and early treatment possible to avoid further damage to health in the animal. The OSH proved to be effective and curative in these pathologies.
Consumo de música: um estudo de marketing geracional
Authors: Gomes Geovane Ferreira , Corrêa Alessandra Baiocchi Antunes , Pessôa Luís Alexandre Grubits de Paula
Published: January 2017

Os recentes avanços tecnológicos proporcionaram grandes mudanças na indústria da música. Ao mesmo tempo em que o acesso a diferentes gêneros de música e artistas tornou-se mais rápido e fácil pela distribuição digital, a pirataria ainda representa uma grande ameaça ao setor. Neste cenário, o presente estudo investiga o consumo dos diversos formatos de distribuição de música, tais como CDs, DVDs, programas de streaming, entre outros, por consumidores das gerações X e Y.
Shareholders’ access to company’s information: Towards ensuring shareholders’ monitoring right and minority shareholders’ protection
Authors: Ueda Junko
Published: January 2017

This article aims to revisit how minority shareholders’ right to company’s information can be secured under Japanese company law to execute their substantial rights (to collect proxies, to sue management, etc.) particularly in the process of mergers and acquisitions. Section I overviews the structure of shareholders’ monitoring rights under Japanese company law against their historical background. Section II focuses on the shareholders’ rights to company’s information and its significance amongst shareholders’ rights and its linkage with other shareholders’ rights. Section III analyses leading cases before the Japanese courts regarding shareholders’ rights of inspection. Section IV surveys the shareholders’ right under Japanese company law to have access to company’s information in parallel with their right to apply for the courts to appoint inspectors who investigate into company’s business activities and financial situations. Section V assumes an expected shareholders’ role in association with the other monitoring function ensured under company law and pursues a “good governance” system
Entrepreneurial potential profile measurement and it’s impact on small business performance
Authors: Filho Cid Gonçalves , Veit Mara Regina , Souki Gustavo Quitoga , Gonçalves Carlos Alberto
Published: January 2017

The entrepreneurship issue has been widely broadcasted among both academic and business environment by means of publications, practical cases and examples from entrepreneurs who are well succeeded in their business career. Small companies are considered to be one of the main agents of development and economic growth of a country. Considering this scenario, the present research aims to build an instrument to identify which are the main factors that form the entrepreneur’s profile. In order to achieve that objective, 965 questionnaires were collected. According to the research’s results, the EPP- Entrepreneur Potential Profile is composed by eight factors: strategic competence, risk, innovation, formal planning, relationship, analytical thinking, dedication and challenge. Through Structural Equation Modeling, it was verified that the EPP (Entrepreneur Potential Profile) could explain for 25% of the performance in a small business.
When does diversification add value: evidence of corporate governance and abnormal long-term stock performance
Authors: Glegg Charmaine , Harris Oneil , Buckley Winston
Published: January 2017

Contrary to prior research indicating that on average, shareholders do not benefit from corporate diversification, we provide evidence of a significant positive relation between diversification and abnormal buy-and-hold returns. Additionally, we show that shareholder gain from corporate diversification is a function of managerial accountability. We introduce and test the effective monitoring hypothesis for diversified firms, and demonstrate that the positive relation between diversification and abnormal returns is concentrated in firms where managers are most likely to be held accountable for policies that reduce shareholder value. The main implication is that gains from corporate diversification are concentrated in firms in which managerial accountability deters managers from taking advantage of asymmetric information created by diversification.
he influence of shareholder voting rights on internal control mechanisms: a comparative study of publicly traded firms in Portugal and United Kingdom
Authors: Felício J. Augusto , Rodrigues Ricardo
Published: January 2017

This work analyses the role of shareholder voting rights on the adoption of internal control mechanisms by firms from both a small emerging and developed economies. It also studies the influence that sector of activity and company size have on these mechanisms. The sample is comprised of publicly traded companies from Portugal and the United Kingdom. Data analysis using path analysis and multiple linear regression shows that shareholder ownership has a weak influence on control mechanisms. It also reveals that sector of activity and company size have differing influences on control mechanisms in differing contexts.
Governance, CEO power, and acquisitions
Authors: Oler Derek , Olson Bradley , Skousen Christopher
Published: January 2017

We examine whether governance matters for acquisitions. Acquisitions are frequently beneficial to the CEO of the acquiring firm, but can often be value-destructive to acquirer shareholders and other stakeholders such as employees. We find that corporate governance does not appear to influence whether a firm will become an acquirer after controlling for CEO power, but superior governance is associated with greater relatedness between the target and acquirer. We also find that the effect of CEO power on a firm’s acquisition activity varies according to the source of that power. Our results suggest that the relationships between governance, CEO power, and acquisition activity are complex.
Changes in budgeting
Authors: Yakhou Mehenna , Sulzen Karen
Published: January 2017

One of the most important issues for companies is how to implement their strategies. Companies implement strategies in a number of ways. Budgeting is described in academia as well as in practice as the corner stone of the management control process through which strategies are implemented. Almost all companies have a budgeting process central to their strategic plans. Yet the usefulness of budgets has generated much criticism and debate in recent years. Many business owners and managers are dissatisfied with budgets. A novel approach is proposed in the literature to displace classical budgeting. This novel approach is termed “Beyond Budgeting.” The first part of the paper reviews the challenges that traditional planning and budgeting presents to companies. The second part discusses the novel approach to budgeting. The third part provides examples of companies budgeting practices. The fourth part presents the conditions for a successful implementation of the novel approach.
Corporate governance in South Africa: the introduction of King III and reporting practices at the JSE alt-x
Authors: Gstraunthaler Thomas
Published: January 2017

South Africa has experienced a tremendous growth in its economy since its first free elections in 1994. Politicians, however, consider the transformation of the society and more equally distributed wealth as one of their key goals. Thus, companies often find themselves under scrutiny as regards their contribution. A new corporate governance code (King III) will become effective in March 2010. This reworked code now tries to enhance the reporting practices of companies as to their sustainability and corporate social engagement and tries to link international standards of corporate governance with African values. This paper introduces the novelties of King III and examines the current reporting practices of 68 companies listed on the Alt-X segment of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange. The paper discusses issues like risk, board composition and remuneration and provides valuable insights into the structure of small cap companies in South Africa and analyses which parts are used by companies to enhance their legitimacy.
Institutional investors and R&D investment: an international comparison
Authors: Zouari-Hadiji Rim , Zouari Ghazi
Published: January 2017

This article examines the involvement of institutional investors, as a heterogeneous entity in the management of the firm. Knowing the identity of these institutions (banks, pension funds and mutual funds) may be useful because of its different influences on the behavior of managers in R&D investment. In conducting a comparative study between different national systems of governance, we seek to identify the type of institution that can foster R&D investment. The empirical study is based on a sample of 531 U.S., Japanese and French firms for the period 2003-2007. The results of canonical analysis conducted show that investors have different effects on R&D investment according to the institutional context.
The use of stock options and retirement plans to retain non-executive employees
Authors: Weiden Kathleen , Mooney Jane
Published: January 2017

Firms expend significant resources to retain employees. In this paper, we examine how firms that use stock options grant them differently when they also utilize retirement plans in non-executive employee compensation contracts. Using a large sample of US firms, we examine the relation between the stock option proportion of pay of non-executive employees and firms’ use of a retirement plan of any type. We then examine how firms’ use of stock options is affected by the type of plan (defined benefit or defined contribution) used by the firm. We find that firms reduce their use of stock options when there are other deferred pay mechanisms in place, suggesting they act as substitutes. We also find that firms with defined benefit retirement plans reduce their use of stock options for non-executives to a greater extent than firms with defined contribution plans, suggesting a greater degree of substitutability between defined benefit plans and stock options than between defined contribution plans and stock options.
Extent of environmental disclosures - a case of sensitive industries in Singapore and Malaysia
Authors: Bhatt Payal Harshad , Ramachandran Jayalakshmy
Published: January 2017

The purpose of this comparative study is to examine the extent to which information is available to stakeholders on the environmental issues from the annual reports of listed companies in Singapore and Malaysia focusing on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. Many studies in the past had tried to capture the relationship between environmental reporting against financial performances, management motives and effects on share prices of the companies operating in respective countries. This study is striving to capture the extent of information on environmental aspects available to stakeholders in Malaysia and Singapore focusing only on Sectors (Construction and manufacturing) that are environmentally sensitive. The researchers used cross sectional content analysis based on the annual reports of companies listed in the Construction and manufacturing/ industrial sector for the year 2007. The companies were selected from Stock Exchange of Singapore (SGX) and Bursa Malaysia (KLSE). A framework developed by Adams & Frost (2007) identified seven parameters to perform content analysis and observed performance related disclosure among organizations in Australia against organizations in the U.K. This study also used similar framework with addition of just one more parameter. It was found that the extent of information disclosed by organizations in Singapore for both construction and Manufacturing /Industrial sector is lower compared to organizations in Malaysia in both the sectors. This alerts the analysts that while talking about green accounting, one could walk the talk better by disclosing more information and making environmental issues or concerns more transparent.
The international evidence of pecking order and trade-off predictions
Authors: Visaltanachoti Nuttawat , Luo Robin , Wei Cai
Published: January 2017

This paper investigates the pecking order and trade-off hypotheses of corporate financing decisions for a sample of 74 countries from 1993 to 2003. Overall, the results confirm predictions shared by the trade-off and pecking order models in that the payout ratio is positively related to profitability and negatively related to investment opportunities, target leverage and volatility. The present study also provides favorable evidence to the pecking order model in that more profitable firms are less levered. Firms with more investments have lower long-term dividend payouts, but dividends do not vary to accommodate short-term variation in investment.
The influence of the South African market phases on individual risk profiling
Authors: Jansma Lauren , van Heerden Jakobus Daniël
Published: January 2017

This study involves an investigation into the act of risk profiling, and whether or not it will differ during different market trends. The literature review involves an in-depth discussion about risk tolerance and what factors determine it, as well as behavioural finance, bull and bear market phases, strategic asset allocation, and the duty of a diligent financial advisor to his or her clients. In order to conduct the investigation, 210 respondents under the age of 33 years filled out actual risk profile questionnaires, each having one of three market conditions simulated: bear market conditions, bull market conditions, or no market conditions (current market conditions assumed). These three different simulated market conditions form the three groups which were to be compared to each other. Each respondent was categorised based on the type of investor he or she was deemed to be: conservative, moderately conservative, moderate, moderately aggressive, or aggressive. The three groups were then tested using a paired samples T test for statistically significant differences between their means. At a 5% level of significance, the evidence showed that there was not a statistically significant difference between risk profiling during a bull market and risk profiling during a bear market, which resulted in failure to reject the null hypothesis.
Shareholding by venture capitalists and R&D investment of start-up firms
Authors: Okamuro Hiroyuki , Zhang Jian Xiong
Published: January 2017

We analyze the influence of ownership structure on the R&D (research and development) investment of start-up firms. Previous studies on the relationship between ownership and R&D have targeted on large listed firms and focused on ownership concentration, regardless of the types of large shareholders. We argue that shareholder’s type is an important factor of R&D investment under asymmetric information, and that R&D projects, particularly those of start-up firms, strongly depend on the financing from venture capitalists (VCs). Using a unique dataset of Japanese start-up firms, we find that the shareholding by VCs have, in fact, positively affects the R&D investment and that the impact of VCs funding is especially large when the shareholding by the lead VC exceeds 10%.
Initial public offering intention: evidence from start-up firms in Japan
Authors: Honjo Yuji , Kutsuna Kenji
Published: January 2017

This paper explores the initial public offering (IPO) strategy of start-up firms. Using an original survey of start-up firms in the Japanese manufacturing and information service industries, we investigate what factors are associated with the intention to go public. It is found that among start-up firms, those investing more heavily in research and development (R&D) are more likely to wish to go public. Furthermore, we provide evidence that spin-offs and family businesses are less likely to have IPO intentions, and that entrepreneur-specific characteristics affect IPO intentions, with younger and highly educated entrepreneurs tending to desire to go public.
The board committee members’ remuneration: theory and advanced practices for banks
Authors: Kostyuk Alexander , Govorun Dmitriy
Published: January 2017

The paper investigates the issue of the board committee members’ remuneration in banks. The authors came with conclusion that this issue of research is not explored enough by researchers in international context. Probably this is the major reason of such big black holes in the bank practices. The systems of remuneration for committee members in banks are still highly rigid and based rather on “pay for presence” than “pay for performance” principle. The authors developed an advanced system of remuneration for the board committee members with a set of new ratios which account the committee members’ initiative and participation in the committee activity. The system has a variable structure and the problem of its rigidness has been solved through putting in the remuneration structure bonuses which take a huge part. The system has been applied methodologically for the audit committee member to assess his/her performance and set the remuneration.
The voice of health: Finding a cure for the climate change malady
Authors: Jevtic Marija
Published: January 2017

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Completeness of Circle of Willis in asymptomatic and symptomatic extracranial carotid disease
Authors: Manojlovic Vladimir , Popovic Vladan , Nikolic Dragan , Milosevic Djordje , Pasternak Janko , Budakov Nebojsa
Published: January 2017

Introduction. This research has been aimed at determining whether incomplete
Circle of Willis in patients with significant extracranial carotid stenosis
is associated with a higher incidence of neurological symptomatology and/or
ischemic cerebral lesions. Material and Methods. The research was conducted
as a prospective study which comprised 211 patients who underwent surgical
treatment of extracranial carotid disease at the Department of Vascular
Surgery in Novi Sad and 102 patients in the control group. Each patient
underwent preoperative magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance
angiography with visualization of cerebral parenchyma, extracranial and
intracranial cerebral circulation. Assessment of Circle of Willis morphology
was performed by 3D time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiogram sequence
analysis. The patients were divided into two groups: group I - the patients
with complete Circle of Willis and group II - the patients with incomplete
Circle of Willis i.e. with the disruption of anterior and/or ipsilateral
posterior circulation - regarding the side of significant carotid stenosis.
Results. Out of 211 patients who were operated during a two-year period, 133
had the complete Circle of Willis, while 78 patients had the incomplete
Circle of Willis. Out of 111 patients with symptomatic carotid disease or
silent cerebral infarction, 52.5% (58) had the complete Circle of Willis
and 47.5% (53) had the incomplete Circle of Willis. It was shown to be
statistically different (P = 0.0146) in relation with the asymptomatic
group of patients (100), where the frequency of the complete Circle of
Willis was 75% (75) while the insufficiency of anterior or ipsilateral
posterior collateralization was found in 25% (25). In the control group
there were significantly fewer cases of developed collateral flow and the
complete Circle of Willis (41%) compared to the operated patients with
extracranial carotid stenosis (63%) (P = 0.0003). Conclusion. Incompleteness
of Circle of Willis is associated with more frequent occurrence of
neurological symptomatology or ischemic lesions of brain parenchyma in
operated patients with significant extracranial carotid stenosis. The
control group without extracranial carotid stenosis had less developed
collaterals of Circle of Willis compared to extracranial carotid patients.
Ankle arthroscopy
Authors: Kecojevic Vaso , Lalic Ivica , Harhaji Vladimir , Rasovic Predrag , Vranjes Miodrag , Obradovic Mirko
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Ankle arthroscopy provides better visualization, less tissue
trauma, faster recovery, shorter hospitalization and reduced treatment
costs. Complication rates are lower in relation to the classic open
approach. This study was aimed at presenting the surgical technique, its
advantages and limitations, complications as well as our experience.
Material and Methods. We performed 31 ankle arthros?copies in 23 male and 8
female patients in the period from October, 2007 to l September 2016. All
surgeries were performed with tourniquet applied on the thigh, using
standard arthroscopy portals, with the optic 4.0, 30 degrees. Anterior and
posterior bony and soft tissue impingements were found in 23 patients, 4
patients had osteochondral defects of the talar dome, loose bodies were seen
in 4 patients. The majority of patients were athletes and recreational
sportspeople (29 cases). The average duration of surgery was 25 minutes. The
average stay in hospital was one day. Full weight-bearing was achieved 18
days after surgery on average (from 10 to 28 days). There were no
infections. Transitory palsy of superficial peroneal nerve was recorded in
three cases. Results. The average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Score
value was 46 before surgery and 92 after surgery. According to Foot and
Ankle Outcome Score there were improvements in the postoperative range of
motion, alleviation of pain, longer walking distance and improvement in
daily living activities. Conclusion. Ankle arthroscopy resulted in a
significant postoperative improvement in functional scores in our study
sample.
Production of medical products for the purposes in orthopedics and traumatology in Novi Sad
Authors: Grujic Jovan , Grujic Milica
Published: January 2017

The simplest and most secure way to new knowledge and innovations is
possible if scientific and multidisciplinary approach is applied. Treatment
of certain phenomena, degenerative changes, injuries or diseases of the
bone and joint system of human is possible by applying the implant. In Novi
Sad, manufacturing and clinical application of external fixator began in
1985, and the production and application of total cemented endoprosthesis of
the hip joint in 1987. With these events Yugoslavia joined the highly
developed countries producing implants, which still present a high
technology product. Production and application of total cemented knee
endoprosthesis began in 1996. The production of implants and instruments
for application of screw for anterios cruciate ligament of the knee joint
began in 1998, and the production and application of anchors for
ligamentoplasty of shoulder began in 2004.
Risk factors for severe influenza a virus infections in post-2009 pandemic period
Authors: Radovanov Jelena , Hrnjakovic-Cvjetkovic Ivana , Nikolic Natasa , Jovanovic-Galovic Aleksandra , Kovacevic Gordana , Patic Aleksandra , Milosevic Uros , Milosevic Vesna
Published: January 2017

Introduction. Literature data concerning risk factors for severe influenza in
post-2009 pandemic period, from low- and middle-income Central and Eastern
European countries are very limited. Objective. The aim of this study was to
investigate the risk factors for severe A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) influenza
during the post-2009 pandemic period. Methods. During four consecutive
seasons of 2010/2011-2013/2014, nasopharyngeal or nasal and pharyngeal swab
samples from 153 patients with mild and 147 patients with severe influenza
were tested using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
(real-time RT PCR) assays. Results. The study indicated three statistically
significant risk factors of influenza severity, including presence of chronic
underlying illness/condition [odds ratio (OR) of 15.2, 95% confidence
interval (CI) of 1.8-125.4, p = 0.001), age ?15 years (OR 9.2, 95% CI
3.5-24.1, p < 0.001), and delay in medical care of more than two days after
the symptoms onset (OR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.4, p = 0.001). Conclusion. Obtained
results confirmed that patients with chronic underlying illness/condition and
older than 15 years had the highest risk for serious complications from
influenza and highlighted the importance of start of antiviral therapy within
the first two days of illness in order to reduce the risk for the most severe
outcomes of influenza, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome and lethal
outcome.
Postponed diagnosis of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency
Authors: Stojkovic-Lalosevic Milica , Stjepanovic Mihailo , Colovic Natasa , Maric-Zivkovic Jasmina , Mihailovic-Vucinic Violeta , Stojkovic Mirjana
Published: January 2017

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Application of Vector Auto Regression Model for Rainfall-River Discharge Analysis
Authors: Hartini Sri , Hadi Muhammad Pramono , Sudibyakto Sudibyakto , Poniman Aris
Published: January 2017

River discharge quantity is highly depended on rainfall and initial condition of river discharge; hence, the river discharge has auto-correlation relationships. This study used Vector Auto Regression (VAR) model for analysing the relationship between rainfall and river discharge variables. VAR model was selected by considering the nature of the relationship between rainfall and river discharge as well as the types of rainfall and discharge data, which are in form of time series data. This research was conducted by using daily rainfall and river discharge data obtained from three weirs, namely Sojomerto and Juwero, in Kendal Regency and Glapan in Demak Regency, Central Java Province. Result of the causality tests shows significant relationship of both variables, those on the influence of rainfall to river discharge as well as the influence of river discharge to rainfall variables. The significance relationships of river discharge to rainfall indicate that the rainfall in this area has moved downstream. In addition, the form of VAR model could explain the variety of the relationships ranging between 6.4% - 70.1%. These analyses could be improved by using rainfall and river discharge time series data measured in shorter time interval but in longer period.
Study on Species Diversity and Stand Structure in Meru Betiri National Park
Authors: Riyanto Heru Dwi , Wuryanta Agus
Published: January 2017

National parks are forest ecosystems that contain biotic and abiotic resources. Biodiversity is the data and information necessary to understand the degree of loss of species diversity and formulate a sustainable alternative of decline in these resources. The research objective is to study the reciprocal relationship between elevation and habitat of a species in an ecosystem. Research conducted at the National Park (TN) Meru Betiri. The results show that there are spatial variabilities of the species diversity based on the elevation in the study area. Elevation is inversely proportional to species diversity index, the higher the elevation, the species diversity index tends to decline, but the index of the importance of endemic species have increased. Group stand structure and species composition is influenced by the level of elevation with their own environment.
Geospatial Assessment of Coseismic Landslides in Baturagung Area
Authors: Saputra Aditya , Sartohadi Junun , Hadmoko Danang Sri , Gomez Christopher
Published: January 2017

Java, the most densely populated island in Indonesia, is located on top of the most seismically active areas in Southeast Asia: the Sunda Megathrust. This area is frequently hit by strong earthquake. More than 3,300 M>5earthquakesoccurred between 1973-2014. The wide range of mountainous areas and high intensity of rainfall, make several part of the island one of the most exposed regions for coseismic landslides such as Baturagung area, the Southeast mountainous area of Yogyakarta Province. An integrated method between RS and GIS was used to conduct the vulnerability assessment due to the lack of the site specific slope instability analysis and coseismic landslides data. The seismic zonation of Baturagung area was obtained based on the analysis of Kanai attenuation. The geologic information was extracted using remote sensing interpretation based on the 1:100,000 geologic map of Yogyakarta and geomorphologic map of Baturagung area as well. The coseismic landslide hazard assessment has been estimated using scoring analysis in the GIS platform proposed by Mora and Vahrson (1993) with several modification. The accomplished coseismic landslide hazard map shows medium hazard coverage in the eastern areas, in the upper slope of Baturagung area, which consists of Semilir Formation. The result provides a distinct description of coseismic landslides hazard distribution in Batuaragung area. However, it should only be the preliminary assessment of the site specific investigation especially on valuable area or asset.
Knowledge and Attitude towards Smoking among University Students in Lahore
Authors: Ali Muhammad , Jahangir Maria , Khan Asaf , Faridullah . , Hameed Firdous
Published: January 2017

Background: Smoking is the major health problem all over the world and now it’s become trend in university students to have smoking behavior because they believed that due to smoking they will be more acceptable in friends group. The most prevalence of smoking among university students is due to the attitude of students that it could enhance their personal attributes and make a positive change in their personality. The most provoking factor in the students to start smoking was the lack of knowledge regarding the harmful effect of smoking and also the students believed that smoking can reduce stress. Objective: To assess knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study design was used to assess the knowledge and attitude of university students towards smoking. Sample size of 222 students were taken from three departments of The University of Lahore, in which 80 students were from Nursing, 82 from Biotechnology(IMBB) and 60 physiotherapy students were included in this study. Results: Out of 222 students 32% were current smokers while 68% were nonsmokers, 70% students believed that Nicotine in Cigarette is not addictive to human, 83% of the respondents believed that smoking is a disgusting behavior and 85% of the respondents believed that smoking should be banned in Universities significant amount of students. Conclusion: there is strong link between the students’ attitude and smoking behavior and it is important for parents and teachers to supervise their student’s behavior. Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 44-54
A Study on Connecting Customers through Presence of Regional Brands in Food Retailing
Authors: John S. Franklin , Ramakrishnan Sheeja
Published: January 2017

The Indian retail industry is the fifth largest in the world. Comprising of organized and unorganized sectors, India retail industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India, especially over the last few years. Though initially, the retail industry in India was mostly unorganized, however with the change of tastes and preferences of the consumers, the industry is getting more popular these days and getting organized as well. With growing market demand, the industry is expected to grow at a pace of 25-30% annually. The India retail industry is expected to grow from Rs. 35,000 crore in 2004-05 to Rs. 109,000 crore by the year 2010. In 2007, the retail trade in India had a share of 8-10% in the GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of the country. The study examines the role of regional brands in connecting customers in food retailing.  Private labels or store brands are on escalating journey for growth in last few years in Indian market. The growth of private label brands (PLBs) is quite impressive in food and grocery segment, in spite of presence of leading national manufacturers brands in most of the categories. Though, initially PLBs were considered as cheap alternatives and therefore visible in copycat and generic categories, today they are a part of well defined retail mix strategy, are developed in value innovators and premium categories for profit maximization and customer loyalty.Int. J. Soc. Sc. Manage. Vol. 4, Issue-1: 55-59
Medicinal Marijuana Production Creates Problem Residential Properties: A Routine Activity Theory Explanation and a Situational Crime-Prevention Solution
Authors: Clare Joseph , Garis Len , Maxim Paul
Published: January 2017

Objectives: Illicit production of marijuana on residential properties creates significant health and safety problems. Health Canada grants licences to individuals to produce medicinal marijuana for personal use, conditional on their compliance with all appropriate regulations. Health Canada does not inspect licensees’ activities to monitor regulatory compliance, and privacy legislation prevents Health Canada from sharing licence holders’ details with third parties. This research examines how effective this administrative structure is at preventing medicinal marijuana from being produced in residential buildings by licence holders. Methods: The indoor production of marijuana requires substantial amounts of electricity. From 2005, addresses in Surrey, British Columbia, with exceptionally high power consumption have been provided to the municipal government for the purposes of undertaking fire safety inspections. This paper examines the outcome of inspections at 1,204 marijuana-production sites (n = 252 medicinal, n = 952 illicit) to see whether the licensing process prevents marijuana production in residential buildings. The illicit-production sites inspected by the city are used as a non-random comparison group for the medicinal sites. Findings: This inspection process has identified an increasing number of medicinal- (relative to illicit-) production sites in recent years. Medicinal-production operations were significantly less likely to be located in residential buildings. However, the medicinal residential sites that were detected were located in equivalent parts of the city to the illicit residential operations. Residential medicinal-production sites presented fewer electrical and biological safety problems relative to illicit-production sites, but all residential medicinal-production sites breached zoning and legislative requirements relating to land use, building safety, and structural integrity. Conclusions: The current administrative structure for licensing medicinal marijuana production does not prevent residential buildings from being used as marijuana-production sites. Routine activity theory is used as a platform to explain how additional situational prevention mechanisms can be used to prevent licensed medicinal marijuana production from creating building-related health and safety problems in the future.
She was “a comon night walker abusing him & being of ill behaviour”: Violence and Prostitution in Eighteenth-Century London
Authors: Steinberg Jessica
Published: January 2017

This article examines the representation of violence committed by and against prostitutes in eighteenth-century London. To explore attitudes toward prostitutes’ assaults and victimization, it examines how the Bridewell Court of Governors records and the Proceedings of the Old Bailey portrayed incidents in which prostitutes were involved in violent or aggressive confrontations; it also examines texts written by popular commentators, moralists, and contributors to the newspaper press. Although prostitutes were depicted as both agents and targets of violence, incidents in which prostitutes physically assaulted or verbally insulted potential male clients generated far more discussion than reports about prostitutes who were the victims of violent crimes. The greater emphasis on prostitutes’ proclivity to violence suggests that policing authorities, journalists, and social commentators portrayed prostitutes as a threat to the peace and stability of the nation, rather than as pitiable victims.
William Beveridge in New Zealand: Social Security and World Security
Authors: Stewart John
Published: January 2017

In 1948 William Beveridge, one of the architects of Britain’s welfare state, visited New Zealand and gave public addresses focused in particular on two themes: social security and world security. In the former, Beveridge outlined his welfare philosophy which he used to critique the New Zealand Labour government’s policies. In the latter, Beveridge proposed the re-ordering of world affairs to ensure no further wars and to resist Soviet totalitarianism. For Beveridge, social security and world security were indissolubly linked: it was pointless having the former unless the latter could be guaranteed, and moreover, it was liberal societies of the type he proposed that were best equipped to promote harmonious international relations. In all of his speeches, Beveridge emphasized New Zealand’s essentially British nature. Both countries were members of the same “family” and so had common cause as well as a shared history in social and world affairs.
Comparison of nutritional status between patients from urban area with rural area undergoing hemodialysis in Kushtia district, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Reza Hasan Mahfuz , Ahmed AS , Rahman MA , Shuvo Suvasish Das , Ahmad Tanvir , Elahi MT
Published: January 2017

Malnutrition is a common problem in patients with end stage kidney disease (ESKD) undergoing hemodialysis that increases morbidity and mortality rate in Bangladesh. The main objective of this cross sectional study was carried out to compare the nutritional status between urban patients with rural patients undergoing hemodialysis. End-stage renal-failure outpatients who underwent hemodialysis were recruited from Sono Hospital Limited, Kushtia, Bangladesh. Direct method of nutritional assessment including anthropometric measurement, biochemical measurement, clinical assessment and dietary method was carried out. Socio economic data were also collected. The result reveals that 69.0% of the total participants were male and 31.0% were female. The mean age of male was 46.10±13.23 years and that of female was 43.11±16.47 years. Among 142 cases 50.0% were from urban area and 50.0% were from rural area. 53.5% of the total participants were economically satisfied and 46.5% were non-satisfied. 76.3% of high socioeconomic group consisted of urban area and 23.7% consisted of rural area. Again 19.7% of low socioeconomic group consisted of urban area and 80.3% consisted of rural area. According to WHO classification for BMI 15.5% had BMI below 18.5kg/m2 in urban and 18.3% had BMI below 18.5kg/m2 in rural area. Of the total participants 97.2% were anemic, 66.9% had anorexia, 69.7% had depression, 63.4% had nausea, 58.5% had vomiting, 30.3% had heartburn, 47.2% had constipation, 38.0% had dizziness, 19.7% had chest pain, 5.6% had dysphagia, 34.5% had fatigue, 48.6% had headache, 26.1% had diarrhea, 50.7% had pruritus and 13.4% had shortness of breath. Mean±SD hemoglobin level of urban participants was 8.37±1.46 and that of rural participants was 8.12±1.85. The result shows that malnutrition was more prevalent among rural hemodialysis patients than that of urban. The cause of malnutrition was related to low socioeconomic condition and inadequate nutrient intake.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. December 2016, 2(4): 603-610