bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALGILANAN YENİLİKÇİLİK, İŞLETMEYE DUYULAN GÜVEN VE MARKA SADAKATİ ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: ÇAĞLIYAN Vural , YILMAZ Nahit
Published: April 2021

İşletmeler rakipleri karşısında müşteri kazanma ve kazandıkları

müşterileri elde tutma amacıyla yenilik faaliyetlerine önem vermektedir.

İşletmeler böyle bir rekabetçi avantajı sürdürebilmek için de sürekli yenilik

yapabilecek bir yapıya sahip olmak istemektedir. Yenilik yapabilme yeteneği bir

taraftan yeni müşteriler kazandırırken diğer taraftan mevcut müşterilerin elde

tutulmasını, yani sadık müşteriler haline getirilmesini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Bu

açıdan bakıldığında işletmenin yenilikçi bir işletme imajına sahip olması ve

müşterilerin işletmenin yenilikçiliğine olan güveni, müşteri sadakatinin

sağlanması açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bu bağlamda çalışmanın temel amacı

işletmeler ile ilgili olarak müşterilerin algıladığı yenilikçilik düzeyi, işletmeye

duyulan güven ve müşteri sadakati arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesidir. Bu

ilişkilerin incelenmesi amacıyla anket yönteminden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan

anket çalışmasında soruların hazırlanmasında akıllı cep telefonu üreticisi bir

marka dikkate alınmış olup bir kamu üniversitesinde çalışan akademisyenler

üzerine yapılan alan araştırmasının sonuçları bu çalışma kapsamında

değerlendirilmiştir. Akademisyenlerin işletmenin algılanan yenilikçilik düzeyi,

müşteri memnuniyeti ve müşteri sadakati arasında istatistiksel bakımdan anlamlı

bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
MANTIKTA NİCELEME
Authors: DURHAN Gülümser
Published: April 2021

Niceleme, dilbilim, mantık ve felsefeyi bir araya getiren bir

konudur. Nicelik belirteçleri, dilde ve mantıkta nesnelerin miktarına veya

büyüklüğüne atıfta bulunulan temel araçlardır. Bu araçlar, "hiçbir", "bazı",

"birkaç" "tüm", "her ikisi" veya "çok" gibi belirteçlerle ifadeye ya da önermeye

sınır koymaktadır. Ne var ki bu belirteçler, şeylerin ölçüsünü ya da sınırını tam

olarak değil de aşağı yukarı ve yaklaşık olarak ortaya koyan sözcüklerdir. Bu

nedenle niceleyiciler, söylem alanındaki örneklerin miktarını belli belirsiz

ortaya koyan sözcükler olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ancak bu tanımla birlikte

niceleyiciler, anlamın tam olarak ele alınmasına bilimsel bir ilgi duyanlar için

bir problemdir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmanın amacı, mantıkta kullanılan

niceleyicilerin, kesin bir miktar belirtip belirtmediğinin araştırılmasıdır; eğer bu

belirteçler net ölçü vermiyorsa, o zaman kesin bilgi veren ve doğruyu elde etme

aracı olarak mantık, bu belirteçlere sahip olasılık değeri taşıyan önermeleri ne

bakımdan kendine konu edinmektedir? sorusunun cevabını aramaktır.
A CASE STUDY ON THE USES OF BAND APP AT A SOUTH KOREAN UNIVERSITY
Authors: TINMAZ Hasan
Published: April 2021

The recent advancements in mobile technologies and widespread use of social media have initiated the utilization of different mobile social media apps in educational context. In many cases, the focus of attention has been the adaptation of these apps on teaching/learning processes. Unfortunately, providing communication among educational institutions or supporting administration processes has been underestimated. This paper shows an implementation of a social media app called “Band” from South Korea. The researcher focused on a private institution in which the Band app was utilized for nearly two years to serve administration and communicative purposes among students, professors and managers. This paper demonstrates how to use the Band app, its usage statistics for two years, survey results from students (n=52) and email interviews from professors (n=5). Although both professors and students have some issues (such as the quality of some contents and frequency of posts), the general findings about the adaptation of the Band app were positive enough to support its contribution to the faculty.
KERKÜKLÜ ŞEYH MUHAMMED SALİH EFENDİ’NİN SULTAN ABDÜLAZİZ CÜLÛSİYESİ
Authors: GİDER Mahmut , AHMAD Hemın Omar
Published: April 2021

Osmanlı Devleti döneminde şair ve yazarların, yeteneklerini ortaya

koymak konusunda yaptıkları ameliyelerden biri, çeşitli vesilelerle kaleme

aldıkları eserleri, başta padişah olmak üzere, devrin idarecilerine takdim etmek

olmuştur. Nitekim yeni hükümdarın tahta çıkması, cülûsiye metinlerinin telifinde

ve yazılan bir eserin takdiminde önemli bir fırsattır. Bu bağlamda kaleme alınan

cülûsiye metinlerinde, yeni devlet başkanını tebrik etme, cülûs bahşişi alma,

şairlik yeteneğinin keşfedilmesini sağlama ve mansıp elde etme gibi düşünceler

hâkimdir.

Bu çalışmada Kerküklü Şeyh Muhammed Salih Efendi’nin (öl.1302/1884)

Sultan Abdülaziz’in tahta çıkışı hasebiyle yazdığı cülûsiye kasidesi incelenmiştir.

Şairin hayatı ve cülûsiye türü hakkında bilgi verildikten sonra Şeyh Muhammed

Salih Efendi’nin Osmanlı Devlet Arşivinde kayıtlı olan cülûsiye kasidesinin

transkripsiyonlu metni (çeviri metin) yazılmış, dil içi çevirisi yapılmış; metin, şekil

ve anlam bakımından incelenmiştir. Böylece tespit edilen yeni bir manzum

cülûsiye incelenerek hakkında yeterince çalışma yapılmamış olan cülûsiye türü

literatürüne katkı sağlanmak istenmiştir. Tek şiiri tespit edilmiş olsa da kayıtlara

göre Türkçe, Arapça ve Farsça şiir yazma kabiliyetine sahip olan Şeyh

Muhammed Salih Efendi bir divan şairi olarak ilim âlemine tanıtılmıştır.
The effect of time-varying delay damping on the stability of porous elastic system
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafr Al Batin 39524, Saudi Arabia, Mukiawa Soh Edwin
Published: April 2021

In the present work, we study the effect of time varying delay damping on the stability of a one-dimensional porous-viscoelastic system. We also illustrate our findings with some examples. The present work improve and generalize existing results in the literature.
Degree affinity number of certain \(2\)-regular graphs
Authors:   Independent Mathematics Researcher, City of Tshwane, South Africa, Kok Johan ,   Visiting Faculty at CHRIST (Deemed to be a University), Bangalore, India
Published: April 2021

This paper furthers the study on a new graph parameter called the degree affinity number. The degree affinity number of a graph \(G\) is obtained by iteratively constructing graphs, \(G_1,G_2,\dots,G_k\) of increased size by adding a maximal number of edges between distinct pairs of distinct vertices of equal degree. Preliminary results for certain \(2\)-regular graphs are presented.
Graph energy and nullity
Authors:   Faculty of Science, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia, Gutman Ivan
Published: April 2021

The energy of a graph is the sum of absolute values of its eigenvalues. The nullity of a graph is the algebraic multiplicity of number zero in its spectrum. Empirical facts indicate that graph energy decreases with increasing nullity, but proving this property is difficult. In this paper, a method is elaborated by means of which the effect of nullity on graph energy can be quantitatively estimated.
Video Recorder as an Object of Forensic Expert Analysis
Authors: Krutov S. A.
Published: April 2021

The article addresses the issues related to stationary video recorders: their types, purpose, principles of functioning, design characteristics, key components installed in these devices. The author analyses the procedure for using the video recordings from the surveillance cameras in court proceedings. He also justifies the need for comprehensive examinations when investigating stationary video recorders and points out the cases when the appointment of an examination is necessary and when a specialist inspection is enough. The paper presents a research sequence for a stationary video recorder as a computer forensics’ object. Possible questions to the expert, methods, and approaches are listed; difficulties arising during the examination are considered. The author analyzes a case study of a stationary video recorder examination from the expert practice of the laboratory of computer forensics of the Russian Federal Centre of Forensic Science of the Russian Ministry of Justice.
Eight Laws of Logic for the Forensic Construction Expert
Authors: Butyrin A. Yu. , Stativa E. B. , Manukhina O. A.
Published: April 2021

Forensic experts’ primary and additional professional education does not include such a subject as logic. At the same time, knowledge of logic is crucial at all stages of the examination process. Filling this gap, the authors of this article reveal the content of the fundamental laws of logic and demonstrate their role in the cognitive activity of knowledgeable persons who implement their specialized (primarily construction and technical) knowledge in court proceedings. This paper deals successively with such laws of logic as the law of identity, the law of contradiction, the law of the excluded middle, the law of sufficient reason, the law of double negation, Clavius’s law, the law of contraposition, and laws of division (the dichotomy of logic) concerning various investigative and forensic situations. The projection of these laws of logic on the intellectual operations performed by experts will allow, from the authors’ point of view, to give the process of forensic examinations greater clarity and consistency, which, ultimately, should ensure an increase in its efficiency and quality of results. Logically verified approaches to work will also reduce time and financial costs.
The System of Concepts As a Metalanguage of Forensic Science
Authors: Kuznetsov V. O.
Published: April 2021

Concepts are an integral part of a forensic activity forming a specific terminological system, determining forensic science’s metalanguage, distinguishing it from the related legal sciences: criminalistics and procedural law. The article aims to review the conceptual system of forensic science. The authors point out the heterogeneity of its terminological and conceptual systems, which results from the synthetic nature of this science. Based on the existing classifications of concepts and terms of the general theory of forensic science, a new classification is proposed, including not only traditionally recognized terms such as general and specific scientific, legal notions and special concepts of forensic expertology language, but also the so-called expert concepts: interdisciplinary, intermediate notions, obtained as a result of the transformation of basic sciences’s data. Interdisciplinary notions form the theoretical and conceptual framework for some kinds of forensic examinations, first of all, complex forensic psychological and psychiatric and forensic psychological examinations, which traditionally refer to them as ‘’expert’’. When used in quotation marks, the word ‘’expert’’ indicates the terms’ conditional character, indicating the scope of application and functioning of the concepts, contrasting them to the legal concepts of the same name and basic sciences’ categories.
The Risk of Disciplinary Action by State Medical Boards Against Physicians Prescribing Opioids
Authors: Richard Jack , Reidenberg Marcus M.
Published: April 2021

Concern of physicians about being disciplined for prescribing opioids for patients in pain is one cause for undertreatment of pain. This study was done to assess the actual risk of being disciplined by state medical boards. A review of records of actions by the New York State Board for Professional Medical Conduct for three years and of all medical boards in the United States for nine months was done to determine this risk. New York State, with 7.8 percent of U.S. physicians, had 10 physicians disciplined annually related to overprescribing opioids, while the total for the entire United States was 120 physicians annually. Most physicians disciplined had multiple violations in addition to overprescribing controlled substances. In the national sample, 43 percent were prescribing for themselves or for nonpatients, 12 percent prescribed for addicts without addressing the patients’ problems of addiction, 42 percent had inadequate records, 19 percent prescribed without indication for opioids, 13 percent were incompetent in additional ways, and eight percent were having sexual activity with patients. Not a single physician, for whom information was available, was disciplined solely for overprescribing opioids. The actual risk of an American physician being disciplined by a state medical board for treating a real patient with opioids for a painful medical condition is virtually nonexistent.
Substance-Impaired Physicians: Treating Doctors and Protecting Patients
Authors: Andrews Linda Wasmer
Published: April 2021

Tremendous strides have been made in the identification, treatment and monitoring of physicians who abuse alcohol or other drugs. Nevertheless, balancing the desire to help such physicians against the need to protect the public remains a perennial challenge for medical boards. This article offers suggestions for medical boards on establishing a positive working relationship with their state physician health programs (PHPs). Boards and PHPs have distinct yet complementary missions, and the facilitation of trust and communication between these two entities is critical. The article also reviews current trends in treatment and aftercare, including more individualized treatment planning and more extensive and sophisticated drug testing.
The AmbuPod Project: Learnings of a Government-Certified, Telemedicine-Enabled, Rural Healthcare Startup in India
Authors: Dorairaj Lavanian
Published: April 2021

The Government of India (GoI), during the past 8 years, has been encouraging and supporting start-ups with various schemes, for the purpose of wealth creation, improving economic growth, and employment. There is also a growing support system in India, in the private sector, for funding, mentorship, and techno-commercial support for telemedicine-enabled start-up projects. In practice however, there are many critical decisions that need to be taken and pitfalls to be avoided, for start-ups to achieve success, as envisaged by the GoI.
Objective: This paper shares the challenges encountered so as to help upcoming healthcare start-up’s navigate this route skilfully, avoiding pitfalls.
Results: The results of 4 years of work (Jan 2016 to Mar 2020) and the present status are discussed and the learnings drawn from the AmbuPod Project (on-going) summarized.
Conclusion: Telemedicine supported Rural Healthcare Start-Up projects have a good business potential in India, provided challenges are planned for, addressed, and resolved.
Hierarchical Design of Extraction-distillation Processes using Short-cut Apparatus Models with Piece-wise Linearized Thermodynamics
Authors: Kaul Martin , Burger Jakob , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

A hierarchical optimization approach for the conceptual design of extraction-distillation processes is presented. The approach includes the solvent selection and flowsheet synthesis using pinch-based short-cut apparatus models which take into account of the material balances and piece-wise linearized thermody- namics (MLT models) and is limited to ternary systems. MLT models enable fast and robust identification of feasible flowsheet-solvent combinations and op- timization thereof. Performant solvents are found by assessing process stream tables. Promising solvent-flowsheet combinations are evaluated using flowsheet simulation with detailed models, whereby the MLT results are in good agree- ment with the results of the detailed models. The approach is presented alongan example of the separation of acetic acid and water.
ASSESSMENT OF THE CONDITION OF THE NEAR-WELLBORE ZONE OF REPAIRED WELLS BY THE SKIN FACTOR
Authors: WJ Chang , Al-Obaidi Sudad H , AA Patkin
Published: April 2021

Production wells that have penetrated low-permeability reservoirs do not provide adequate oil production due to the degraded condition of the near-wellbore zones of the reservoir. Objective assessment of the condition of the near-wellbore formation zone of exploration and production wells by determining the magnitudes and values of skin effects using well tests allows timely implementation of measures to increase the productivity of wells and oil production.In this article, the following aspects of difficult-to-recover oil production were examined:- The analysis of the dependence of well productivity on the magnitude and significance of the skin effect, in order to assess the condition of the bottomhole formation zone for further planning and implementation of oil and gas inflow stimulation measures;- The influence of the magnitude and significance of the skin effect on the condition of the bottomhole formation zone on the experience of developing exploration wells penetrated into low-permeability formations in the fields of Western Siberia;- Criteria (based on the value and magnitude of the skin effect) for selecting methods of stimulating the bottomhole formation zone to increase the productivity of low-rate wells.
Monoalkylcarbonate Formation in the System Monoethanolamine-water-carbon Dioxide
Authors: Behrens Richard , Kessler Elmar , Münnemann Kerstin , Hasse Hans , von Harbou Erik
Published: April 2021

In a recent study, we have shown by NMR spectrocopy that monoalkylcarbonates are formed in substantial amounts in aqueous solutions of the tertiary alkanolamine methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) upon loading with carbon dioxide (CO2). These species had been overlooked by most authors previously. In the present work, this study was extended to the primary alkanolamine monoethanolamine (MEA). Also here monoalkylcarbonates were found, but only at CO2 loadings above 0.5 mol CO2 per mol MEA. Both the amine and its carbamate form monoalkylcarbonates. The concentration of the monoalkylcarbonates was determined with C-13 NMR spectroscopy in a wide range of CO2 loadings, MEA concentrations, and temperatures. Based on this comprehensive data the chemical equilibirium constants of the formation of the monoalkylcarbonates were determined. (C) 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Real-time Decentralized Traffic Signal Control for Congested Urban Networks Considering Queue Spillbacks
Authors: Noaeen Mohammad , Mohajerpoor Reza , Far Behrouz , Ramezani Mohsen
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a decentralized network-level traffic signal control method addressing the effects of queue spillbacks. The method is traffic-responsive, does not require data communication between intersections’ controllers, uses lane-based queue measurements, and is acyclic. Each traffic controller operating at an intersection aims at maximizing the effective outflow rate locally and independently with the goal of maximizing global throughput of the entire network. At each intersection, the signal control method estimates and adopts the maximum possible phase time in which all active movements discharge at their full capacity. This is modeled using a shockwave based queue length estimation model while capturing the spillback at the downstream links. The method demands real-time data including, the queue lengths, the arrival flows, and the downstream queue lengths in all the lanes at the control decision times. The proposed method results in a feasible solution in all conditions in the entire network with any scale within a short amount of time. A stability concept for the traffic network is defined, and asymptotic stability of the controlled traffic network are verified. Moreover, a sufficient condition for the optimality of the proposed control algorithm for maximizing the instantaneous total throughput of the network intersections is demonstrated. Numerical results show that the proposed method outperforms benchmark methods in both isolated intersection and network configurations.
Electrical Conductivity of Solutions of Lithium Bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide in Mixed Organic Solvents and Multi-objective Solvent Optimization for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Neuhaus Johannes , Forte Esther , von Harbou Erik , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) is an interesting novel electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries. In the present work, the electrical conductivity of solutions of LiFSI in binary and ternary mixtures of the solvents dimethyl carbonate (DMC), ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) was studied experimentally for concentrations of LiFSI up to 0.2 mol mol(-1) at ambient pressure and temperatures between 293 and 333 K. Information on the electrical conductivity of LiFSI in the pure solvents DMC, EC, and PC is available from previous work. An empirical correlation of the electrical conductivity a of the studied solutions of LiFSI is presented that describes the dependence of a on the LiFSI concentration, the solvent composition, and the temperature. Based on this correlation, a multi-objective optimization of the LiFSI concentration and the solvent composition was carried out with two conflicting objectives relevant to the performance and costs of batteries: maximizing electrical conductivity and minimizing the amount of the expensive electrolyte LiFSI. The solubility limits of the ternary solvent system DMC-EC-PC were included in the optimization as constraints. The multi objective optimization applied here, is shown to be useful for obtaining a rational basis for decision-making in the design of electrolyte solutions for batteries.
Equation of State for the Lennard-Jones Truncated and Shifted Fluid with a Cut-off Radius of 2.5 σ based on Perturbation Theory and its Applications to Interfacial Thermodynamics
Authors: Heier Michaela , Stephan Simon , Liu Jinlu , Chapman Walter G. , Hasse Hans , Langenbach Kai
Published: April 2021

An equation of state is presented for describing thermodynamic properties of the Lennard-Jones truncated and shifted (LJTS) potential with a cut-off radius of 2.5 σ. It is developed using perturbation theory with a hard-sphere reference term and labelled with the acronym PeTS (perturbed truncated and shifted). The PeTS equation of state describes the properties of the bulk liquid and vapour and the corresponding equilibrium of the LJTS fluid well. Furthermore, it is developed so that it can be used safely in the entiremetastable and unstable region, which is an advantage compared to existing LJTS equations of state. This makes the PeTS equation of state an interesting candidate for studies of interfacial properties. The PeTS equation of state is applied here in two theories of interfaces, namely density gradient theory (DGT) and density functional theory (DFT). The influence parameter of DGT as well as the interaction averaging diameter of DFT are fitted to data of the surface tension of the LJTS fluid obtained from molecular simulation. The results from both theories agree very well with those from the molecular simulations.
Digitalization in Thermodynamics
Authors: Forte Esther , Jirasek Fabian , Bortz Michael , Burger Jakob , Vrabec Jadran , Hasse Hans
Published: April 2021

Digitalization is about data and how they are used. This has always been a key topic in applied thermodynamics. In the present work, the influence of the current wave of digitalization on thermodynamics is analyzed. Thermodynamic modeling and simulation is changing as large amounts of data of different nature and quality become easily available. The power and complexity of thermodynamic models and simulation techniques is rapidly increasing, and new routes become viable to link them to the data. Machine learning opens new perspectives, when it is suitably combined with classical thermodynamic theory. Illustrated by examples, different aspects of digitalization in thermodynamics are discussed: strengths and weaknesses as well as opportunities and threats.
Hospitalitas Sebagai Upaya mencegah Perpecahan dan Menciptakan Toleransi Dalam Relasi Islam Dan Kristen di Indonesia
Authors: Poly Septiniawansuri
Published: April 2021

Negara Indonesia merupakan Negara majemuk karena masyarakat Indonesia berasal dari suku, agama, ras dan budaya yang berbeda-beda. Adapun agama yang dianut oleh masyarakat Indonesia diantaranya ialah agama Islam dan Kristen. Dalam menjalin sebuah hubungan antar umat beragama tak dapat dipungkiri terkadang timbul masalah yang mengakibatkan perpecahan dapat terjadi. Disamping itu fenomena perpecahan terjadi diakibatkan oleh karena terjadinya benturan atau kesalahpahaman antar agama. Kesalahpahaman tersebut terjadi karena interpretasi, tanggapan serta pikiran yang seharusnya tidak dilakukan, namun dilakukan antar pemeluk agama. Terutama apabila tindakan tersebut telah melebihi batas atau koridor-koridor dalam agama tersebut. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini akan meneliti faktor yang menyebabkan Perpecahan antar umat beragama di Indonesia. Karena pada dasarnya sikap yang menjunjung tinggi rasa toleransi yang kuat akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan. Selain itu tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tugas dan tanggungjawab gereja dalam memperlihatkan sikap yang benar sekaligus menjadi saksi untuk melihat perpecahan yang terjadi dalam kehidupan antarumat beragama. Sehingga perlu menerapkan Hospitalitas (keramahtamahan) merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat diterapkan untuk mengatasi terjadinya perpecahan tersebut.
Differential expression of C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, CXCL12, in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12, CXCL12, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. CXCL12 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of CXCL12 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A or HER2+ cancers, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. CXCL12 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Differential expression of forkhead box P2 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding forkhead box P2, FOXP2, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. FOXP2 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of FOXP2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with recurrence-free survival in patients with luminal A and HER2+ cancers, demonstrating a relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. FOXP2 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
科学技术方法论
Authors: Liu Li
Published: April 2021

An overview of research methodology
Personal Relative Deprivation and Reward-Based Eating: Two Exploratory Studies
Authors: Skylark William John , Callan Mitchell J.
Published: April 2021

Personal relative deprivation (PRD) is the belief that one is worse off than other people who are like oneself, in a way that seems unfair and which induces resentment. Previous work suggests that PRD may be associated with increased preference for energy dense/unhealthy foods, and more broadly that PRD entails an increased focus on gaining rewards even if these may come with longer-term costs. We report two studies that build on this research by examining the correlation between PRD and self-reported reward-based eating drives (RED). In both studies, higher PRD was associated with greater RED, whereas other indicators of objective and subjective status had little or no meaningful association with RED. RED was also positively associated with negative affect (examined in Study 1) and low self esteem (examined in Study 2), and negatively associated with age. In multiple regression analyses in which all predictors were entered simultaneously, negative affect, self esteem and age continued to predicted RED over and above the effects of other variables, but there was less indication that PRD provided unique predictive power; in Study 1, there was a modest positive effect of PRD but the 95\% CIs were quite wide and included zero; in Study 2, which used a larger sample and produced a more precise parameter estimate, there was a positive effect of PRD with 95\% CIs that just included zero when conventional OLS regression was used, and which just excluded zero when robust regression was used. Taken together, the data suggest an association between relative deprivation and reward-based eating which could form the basis for productive future inquiry.
Providing Eyewitness Confidence Judgements During Versus After Eyewitness Interviews Does Not Affect the Confidence-Accuracy Relationship
Authors: Spearing Emily Rebecca , Wade Kimberley A.
Published: April 2021

Recent studies suggest that highly confident eyewitnesses are likely to provide highly accurate identification evidence, at least in some conditions. Yet few studies have investigated the confidence-accuracy relationship in witness interviews or exactly when confidence judgements should be taken. Across three experiments, 831 adults answered questions about a mock crime and rated their confidence in each response. Participants gave their confidence immediately after each response or at the end of the memory test. The timing of the confidence judgement did not affect the confidence-accuracy relationship, and the confidence-accuracy relationship remained strong even when participants encoded the event under poor visibility conditions. When participants were unknowingly exposed to misinformation, however, the confidence-accuracy relationship was substantially weakened—participants became highly over-confident in the accuracy of their memories. These findings help to refine the parameters in which witness confidence serves as a useful indicator of memory accuracy.
UKIP supporters and non-voters in England 2015: reactionism as pre-Brexit affective practice
Authors: Sullivan Gavin Brent
Published: April 2021

UKIP supporters and non-voters in England are often identified as groups that respectively participate in forms of engaged and disengaged “unhealthy” anti-political activity. The analysis draws upon recent complex emotion frameworks (e.g., resentment, ressentiment) that underpin the growth of right-wing political movements and parties and understand this development in terms of political reactionism rather than populism. I argue that the concept of affective practices can play a critical role in exploring how resentful affects are created, shared or suppressed and facilitated, mobilized or transformed; that is, not just through the influence and performance of anti-elite discourses but also as they are embodied and enacted in a wide range of everyday actions and opportunities to “sediment” affect-laden political positions and identities. Data from qualitative interviews with UKIP voters and in-depth discussions with non-voters in 2015 after the UK Election were examined in order to answer the following research questions taking into account the different affect-laden and focused practices that afford and shape political reactionism in these two groups: what role do contrasting experiences of shame, loss and possible ressentiment play in relation to deliberative democratic opportunities (e.g., elections versus the EU Referendum) and what forms of “change backwards” do reactionists want to enact? Reflexive thematic analysis revealed heterogeneous non-voting and UKIP supporting stances while also demonstrating how most members of both groups came to anticipate a vote to leave the EU as a chance to address an ongoing lack of political efficacy and affective dilemmas of community solidarity and nationhood.
How hard is cognitive science?
Authors: Rich Patricia , de Haan Ronald , Wareham Todd , van Rooij Iris
Published: April 2021

This is a preprint version of a published paper. Please cite as: Rich, P., de Haan, R., Wareham, T., & van Rooij, I. (2021). How hard is cognitive science? Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Cognitive Science Society, 43. Retrieved from https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cr8x1c4
Overgeneralization of fear, but not avoidance, following acute stress
Authors: Lemmens Anke , Beckers Tom , Dibbets Pauline , Kang Sahaj , Smeets Tom
Published: April 2021

Research has demonstrated the spreading of fear from threat-related stimuli to perceptually similar, but innocuous, stimuli. Less is known, however, about the generalization of avoidance behavior. Given that stress is known to affect learning and memory, we were interested in the effect of acute stress on (over)generalization of fear and avoidance responses. On the first day, one geometrical shape was paired with a mild electrical stimulus (CS+), whereas another shape was not (CS-). One day later, after participants had been exposed to the Maastricht Acute Stress Test or a control task, generalization of avoidance responses and fear (shock expectancy and skin conductance responses) was tested to a range of perceptual generalization stimuli. Generalization gradients were observed across different outcome measures. Stress enhanced generalization of shock expectancy to the stimulus most similar to the CS+. Our findings confirm that stress can affect the generalization of fear, but further studies are warranted.
Assessing the Accuracy of Parameter Estimates in the Presence of Rapid Guessing Misclassifications
Authors: Rios Joseph
Published: April 2021

The presence of rapid guessing (RG) presents a challenge to practitioners in obtaining accurate estimates of measurement properties and examinee ability. In response to this concern, researchers have utilized response times as a proxy of RG, and have attempted to improve parameter estimation accuracy by filtering RG responses using popular scoring approaches, such as the Effort-moderated IRT (EM-IRT) model. However, such an approach assumes that RG can be correctly identified based on an indirect proxy of examinee behavior. A failure to meet this assumption leads to the inclusion of distortive and psychometrically uninformative information in parameter estimates. To address this issue, a simulation study was conducted to examine how violations to the assumption of correct RG classification influences EM-IRT item and ability parameter estimation accuracy and compares these results to parameter estimates from the three-parameter logistic (3PL) model, which includes RG responses in scoring. Two RG misclassification factors were manipulated: type (underclassification vs. overclassification) and rate (10%, 30%, and 50%). Results indicated that the EMIRT model provided improved item parameter estimation over the 3PL model regardless of misclassification type and rate. Furthermore, under most conditions, increased rates of RG underclassification were associated with the greatest bias in ability parameter estimates from the EM-IRT model. In spite of this, the EM-IRT model with RG misclassifications demonstrated more accurate ability parameter estimation than the 3PL model when the mean ability of RG subgroups did not differ. This suggests that in certain situations it may be better for practitioners to: (a) imperfectly identify RG than to ignore the presence of such invalid responses, and (b) select liberal over conservative response time thresholds to mitigate bias from underclassified RG.
Relación del consumo de VO2pico y el porcentaje de masa muscular en adultos que habitan sobre 2600 M.S.N.M
Authors: Galvis Rincón Juan Carlos , Arévalo Pérez Juan Carlos
Published: April 2021

Introducción: la reducción de la capacidad oxidativa del músculo con el envejecimiento parece jugar un papel importante en la vejez disminuyendo hasta 50%. En zonas elevadas sobre el nivel del mar se producen cambios en la dinámica del oxígeno arterial que se relacionan con el metabolismo del músculo y la sarcopenia. Objetivos: determinar si hay relación entre el VO2pico y el porcentaje de masa muscular, nivel de actividad física e IMC, en adultos que habitan en regiones superiores a 2600 metros sobre el nivel del mar. Metodología: estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, se incluyeron participantes sin sarcopenia mayores de 50 años, con mínimo un año de residencia en Bogotá, Colombia. Se excluyeron participantes con terapia de reemplazo hormonal, tensión arterial elevada durante la prueba, enfermedad coronaria, valvular o trastornos de la conducción. Se determinó el nivel de actividad física aplicando la encuesta Ainsworthy col, la composición corporal con bioimpedanciometría y VO2pico mediante ergoespirometría. Resultados: la muestra fue de 21 participantes. La mitad de la población mostró VO2pico de 23.7 ml/k/min, IMC de 27.2g/m2 y porcentaje de masa muscular de 35.5%; hay baja correlación entre VO2pico y el porcentaje de masa muscular. La mitad de la población saludable tiene un VO2pico de 28.9 ml/k/min, sedentaria saludable 23.7 ml/k/min y sedentaria riesgosa 21.6 ml/k/min. Conclusiones: el presente estudio mostró que hay baja correlación entre el porcentaje de masa muscular y el VO2pico, sin embargo estos resultados pudieron estar influenciados por el tamaño de la muestra y otros factores.
Fracturas pélvicas por estrés relacionadas al embarazo
Authors: Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo , Torres-Cepeda Duly
Published: April 2021

Las fracturas pélvicas, traumáticas o atraumáticas, son relativamente raras y deben considerarse como diagnóstico diferencial del dolor lumbar en mujeres. Las fracturas pélvicas por estrés relacionadas al embarazo son un fenómeno aún más raro y poco comprendido, que plantean desafíos diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Estas fracturas son causadas por insuficiencia o por fatiga. Las que resultan de la insuficiencia ósea ocurren cuando se colocan tensiones normales al hueso con mineralización y resistencia elástica disminuida, mientras que las causadas por fatiga acontecen cuando se aplican fuerzas anormales al hueso normal. El embarazo y la lactancia son factores de riesgo para la fractura pélvica por estrés. La mayoría de los casos en la literatura han sido reportados como complicación posparto y unos pocos se han producido en el tercer trimestre. Su aparición se debe considerar al evaluar a embarazadas antes o después del parto con dolor lumbar intenso y de inicio insidioso, generalmente en ausencia de traumatismo. Las radiografías simples de la pelvis a menudo no son concluyentes, mientras que la resonancia magnética es la prueba de elección para establecer el diagnóstico. La presentación clínica, junto con los hallazgos radiográficos, pueden imitar otras afecciones no relacionadas o superpuestas y ocasionar subdiagnóstico.
Implicancias clínicas de la anemia durante la gestación
Authors: Ayala Peralta Félix Dasio , Ayala Moreno Dasio
Published: April 2021

Introducción: La anemia es una de las principales preocupaciones de salud pública en países subdesarrollados y desarrollados; afecta a la cuarta parte de la población mundial, con considerable morbilidad y mortalidad, especialmente en mujeres embarazadas(1).
Del Editor sobre la Salud de la Mujer, progresos y retos
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: April 2021

Una revisión importante sobre el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, inteligencia artificial. En las técnicas de reproducción humana, el uso de productos de malla quirúrgica para La reparación transvaginal del prolapso de órganos pélvicos, cambios hormonales abruptos con salpingooforectomía bilateral en mujeres antes de los 50 años, asociación de alto riesgo de infección por VPH con enfermedad cardiovascular, escasa Resultados con tratamientos para prevenir la osteoporosis y otras consecuencias. de privación de estrógenos, son algunas de las elecciones del Editor consideradas en esta sección sobre la salud de la mujer.
Masa anexial y gestación
Authors: Sandoval Díaz Ither
Published: April 2021

Al revisar la literatura sobre masa anexial en la gestación, se encuentra que el diagnóstico inicial se realiza por ecografía, y que las tumoraciones más frecuentes halladas son los quistes benignos. Asimismo, en la mayoría de los casos su tratamiento es expectante, y solo es quirúrgico cuando se sospecha malignidad, o cuando el cuadro clínico afecta la gestación. En la actualidad, el mejor abordaje es la cirugía laparoscópica, por las múltiples ventajas que tiene, especialmente su abordaje mínimamente invasivo.
Síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich y diagnóstico tardío: a propósito de un caso
Authors: Boria Alegre Félix , Lucas Ramos Javier , Álvarez-López Covadonga , Poza Cordón Joaquín
Published: April 2021

El síndrome de Herlyn-Werner-Wünderlich es una anomalía congénita del tracto urogenital. Se caracteriza por la tríada de útero didelfo, hemivagina obstruida y agenesia renal unilateral. La mayoría de pacientes se mantienen asintomáticas hasta la menarquia, cuando debutan con dismenorrea, dolor pélvico y masa palpable debido al hematocolpos asociado. Presentamos el caso de una paciente de 32 años en estudio por problemas de fertilidad. Se realizó estudio ecográfico 3D e histerosalpingografía, donde se observó útero bicorne completo con doble canal cervical, con impresión diagnóstica de vagina homolateral ciega. A la especuloscopia durante el periodo menstrual se observó cérvix de hemivagina normal y orificio de salida en cara lateral, por donde drenaba sangre de hemivagina ciega (probablemente fistulizada). Se realizó una ecografía abdominal que constató agenesia renal izquierda, confirmándose el diagnóstico.
Carta al Editor sobre Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres obesas menopáusicas y premenopáusicas
Authors: Jara Lino Astrid Amely , Avendaño Zanabria David Elmer
Published: April 2021

El artículo ‘‘Factores de riesgo cardiovascular en mujeres obesas menopáusicas y premenopáusicas de Lima Metropolitana’’, de la Revista Peruana de Ginecología y Obstetricia 2019;65(1):11-5. DOI: https://doi. org/10.31403/rpgo.v65i2144, señala que las mujeres obesas menopáusicas tienen mayor riesgo cardiovascular a comparación de las obesas premenopáusicas, y es debido a varios factores que se relacionan a la edad del paciente, HTA, y la dislipoproteinemia.
Programación fetal y modificaciones epigenéticas relacionadas al folato
Authors: Mejia-Montilla Jorly , Reyna-Villasmil Nadia , Reyna-Villasmil Eduardo
Published: April 2021

La vida fetal se caracteriza por su capacidad para responder a factores ambientales. La nutrición es el factor ambiental más importante que influye en los procesos de desarrollo a través de la regulación de los mecanismos epigenéticos. La identificación del papel de los factores dietéticos que modulan y remodelan el epigenoma fetal durante el desarrollo, incluidos donantes del grupo metilo, es de gran importancia. La epigenética estudia aquellos cambios heredados en la expresión genética que no están relacionados con las modificaciones en la secuencia de ADN. El metabolismo del folato regula el suministro de grupos metilo; por lo tanto, los trastornos alimentarios pueden influir en la regulación de los mecanismos epigenéticos. El papel crucial del folato en la división celular, así como en la conversión de homocisteína, ha sido demostrado en forma concluyente. Debido a que los procesos epigenéticos son una de las vías del proceso de programación fetal, el suministro anormal de folato puede producir anomalías fetales y mayor riesgo de enfermedades crónicas en la vida adulta. El objetivo de la revisión fue establecer la asociación entre la programación fetal y las modificaciones epigenéticas causadas por el folato.
Diagnóstico y manejo oportunos del síndrome HELLP
Authors: Zapata Díaz Betsy Micol , Ramírez Cabrera Juan Orestes
Published: April 2021

El síndrome HELLP (SH) es una complicación severa del embarazo caracterizada por hemólisis, enzimas hepáticas elevadas y plaquetopenia. Es una de las situaciones más graves del embarazo, provocando tasas elevadas de morbimortalidad maternoperinatal. La complicación más frecuente del SH es la hemorragia, necesitándose transfusión de sangre y/o hemoderivados para corregir la hipovolemia, anemia o coagulopatía, siendo la complicación más catastrófica el hematoma hepático espontáneo. El parto es el único tratamiento efectivo para el SH. La mortalidad perinatal está relacionada directamente con la edad gestacional. No se ha logrado consenso sobre el manejo del SH que ocurre antes de las 34 semanas de gestación, cuando las condiciones maternas y fetales son estables. El objetivo de la presente revisión es resumir la información existente sobre el manejo oportuno del SH. Se concluye que la vía del parto dependerá de las condiciones cervicales y la estabilidad materno-fetal. Se necesitan estudios adecuados para determinar si hay beneficio con el manejo expectante en gestaciones pretérmino, y la administración de corticoides para mejorar el recuento de plaquetas en el SH.
Características materno perinatales de gestantes COVID-19 en un hospital nacional de Lima, Perú
Authors: Huerta Saenz Igor Hermann , Elias Estrada Jose Carlos , Campos Del Castillo Katherine , Muñoz Taya Rossana , Cristina Coronado Julia
Published: April 2021

Introducción. La pandemia por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) se ha extendido en más de 100 mil países. La información específica sobre su comportamiento en el embarazo y parto sigue siendo limitada. Objetivo. Describir las características materno perinatales de pacientes gestantes con COVID-19 en un hospital terciario. Métodos. Estudio descriptivo. Se seleccionó todas las gestantes hospitalizadas por el servicio de emergencia de gineco-obstetricia entre el 24 de marzo y el 07 de mayo del 2020 y que tuvieron diagnóstico de infección por SARS-CoV-2, mediante la prueba rápida o la prueba RT-PCR. Se revisó la historia clínica y registros hospitalarios buscando variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes, manifestaciones clínicas, serología materna, complicaciones obstétricas, vía de parto y aspectos perinatales. Resultados. Se encontró 41 casos de pacientes con diagnóstico de SARS-CoV-2. Un 9,2% tuvo resultado de prueba rápida positiva, Los síntomas más comunes fueron tos en 84,6%, fiebre en 76,9% y dolor de garganta en 61,5%. Un 68.2% estuvo asintomática, 19,5% tuvo enfermedad leve y 7,3% moderada. Dos casos de neumoníasevera requirieron ventilación no invasiva. No se registró muerte materna. 21,7% de los partos fue vía vaginal y 78,3% por cesárea. Hubo un caso de neonato por parto vaginal con PCR positivo al octavo día de vida. Conclusiones. Hubo un alto porcentaje de pacientes gestantes PCR positivas asintomáticas. Es necesario implementar el tamizaje universal en parturientas en el protocolo de flujo de gestantes en cada institución.