bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN KONDISI FISIK RUMAH DENGAN KEJADIAN PENYAKIT TBC PARU DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIMOMULYO KOTA SURABAYA TAHUN 2019
Authors: Apriliani Nur Anisah , Rahayu Umi , . Narwati
Published: July 2020

ABSTRAKKondisi fisik rumah di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo berdempetan, sehingga mempengaruhi kualitas ruang pada rumah, yaitu sirkulasi udara dan pencahayaan yang didapat kurang dari 50 lux pada luas ventilasi yang berukuran kurang dari 10%. Kondisi tersebut dapat mempengaruhi kejadian penyakit TBC Paru. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui hubungan kondisi fisik rumah dengan kejadian penyakit TBC Paru di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simomulyo.Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik observasional dengan pendekatan kasus kontrol (perbandingan 1 : 1). Sampel kasus 60 rumah dan sampel kontrol 60 rumah yang diambil secara acak dengan simple random sampling. Data dianalisis melalui uji Chi-Square pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (ά = 0.05).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara pencahayaan (p-value= 0,009), kelembapan (p-value= 0,001), suhu (p-value 0,007), Ventilasi (p-value= 0,004), Kepadatan Hunian (p-value = 0,019) ,Lantai (p-value = 0,039) Lubang Asap Dapur (p-value = 0,001), kondisi fisik rumah ( p-value = 0,030) dengan penyakit TBC Paru. Hal ini diperhatikan dengan kondisi fisik rumah yang tidak memenuhi syarat sesuai Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 829/Menkes/ /SK/VII/1999 tentang persyaratan kesehatan perumahan dan rumah tinggal.Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pengaruh hubungan kondisi fisik rumah dengan kejadian penyakit TBC Paru. diharapkan bagi masyarakat untuk peduli terhadap kondisi lingkungan rumah seperti membersihkan sarang laba – laba, membersihkan debu yang  ada di dalam dan sekitar rumah secara rutin, memasang genteng kaca, membuka jendela setiap pagi.berperan aktif dalam menemukan dan melapor bila terdapat pasien TBC Paru, menjaga kebersihan diri, menerapkan etika batuk, dan menggunakan masker apabila batuk dan pilek. Bagi Puskesmas untuk melakukan pemberian genteng kaca terhadap Penderita TBC Paru dan pemberian status ventilasi aktif di setiap rumah Penderita TBC Paru dan Non Penderita TBC Paru. Keywords:  Kondisi Fisik Rumah, Penyakit TBC Paru
BIOFILTER AEROB MEDIA KALDNESS DALAM MENURUNKAN KADAR BOD, COD DAN TSS LIMBAH CAIR RUMAH MAKAN
Authors: Ummah Yuli Sifaul , Eri Wardoyo Iva Rustanti , Hermiyanti Pratiwi
Published: July 2020

Restaurant  liquid waste is waste originating from the operational activities of a restaurant which is largely unprocessed, but disposed of directly to the receiving water body. This study aims to reduce Biogeochemical Oxygen, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), TSS (Total Suspended Solid) in restaurant wastewater by processing aerobic biofilter using caldness media.            This type of research is an experiment with pretest-posttest research design. In this design, it is done to find out the initial condition of the subject before being treated so that it can determine the condition of the subject under study before the treatment can be compared or seen changes in the analysis of data used using the Pretest-Posttest test in order to determine the differences in 2 treatment groups.            The results of examination of the levels of BOD, COD and TSS before treatment with the BOD Caldness medium were 333,822,00 mg/ liter, COD was 575,535,00 mg/ liter and TSS was 580,136,00 mg/ liter. After treatment with a medium of Caldness of BOD of 580 mg / liter, COD of 1019 gr / liter, and TSS of 430 gr / liter.            The conclusion of this study is that the results obtained after processing used Kaldnes media were very  in reducing BOD by 99.98%, COD by 99.82% and TSS by 99, 92% in restaurant wastewater treatment.Keywords: Restaurant Wastewater, BOD, COD and TSS
СПЕЦИФИКА РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЙ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ В УСЛОВИЯХ НОВЫХ ВЫЗОВОВ
Authors: Плотников В.А. , Пролубников А.В.
Published: July 2020

Последние десятилетия и в мире, и в России прошли под знаком усиления либеральной направленности экономической политики. Однако события 2020 года, обусловленные множественными шоками, триггером которых явилась пандемия Covid-19, вынуждают правительства стран мира, в том числе России, пересмотреть подходы к осуществлению экономической политики. Она приобретает более патерналистский характер. Такое развитие событий требует не только трансформации государства, но и изменения моделей поведения бизнеса.
МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ УСТОЙЧИВОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Мусостова Д.Ш. , Мусостов З.Р.
Published: July 2020

Предметом исследования является устойчивое развитие страны на современном этапе, выдвинута концепция менеджмента устойчивого развития. При этом основными целями являются: поддержание мира и безопасности в мире, содействие устойчивому развитию, защита прав человека и основные свободы, продвижение международного права, подавление бедности и содействие взаимной терпимости и сотрудничеству. Таким образом, гибкость концепта устойчивого развития (УР) позволяет в этом случае оставаться открытой, динамичной и развивающейся идеей, которая может быть адаптирована к совершенно различным ситуациям и контекстам в пространстве и времени.
ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ ЭКОНОМИКА КАК ФАКТОР СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО РАЗВИТИЯ
Authors: Мержо М.Ш.
Published: July 2020

В целях создания условий, при соблюдении которых каждый конкретный регион сможет вступить на рельсы инновационного развития, требуется обеспечить оптимальное решение задачи, прежде всего предполагающей адаптацию территории к процессу реформирования межбюджетных взаимоотношений, принятие мер для раздвижения границ самостоятельности, а также требуется в существенной мере повысить уровень самостоятельности современных федеративных субъектов в сфере повышения показателей социально-экономического прогрессивного развития.
РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЕ РОССИЙСКОГО ФИНАНСОВОГО РЫНКА В УСЛОВИЯХ ВНЕШНИХ ШОКОВ
Authors: Цакаев А.Х. , Саидов З.А.
Published: July 2020

В статье описаны два вектора развития пропорционального регулирования и надзора деятельности финансовых организаций: централизации и децентрализации. Доминирование конкретного вектора во многом определяется как преимущественно применяемыми методами управления финансово-экономической системой государства (метод ручного режима управления или метод управления в автоматическом режиме), так и уровнем учета типа государственного устройства в стране (унитарное, федеративное, конфедеративное). Современная Россия реализует модель централизации регулирования и надзора деятельности финансовых организаций в условиях формирования институтов гражданского общества. Концепция пропорционального регулирования и риск-ориентированного надзора деятельности финансовых организаций, предложенная российским мегарегулятором, направлена на реализацию механизма дальнейшей централизации регулирования и концентрации финансового рынка в России.
IMPLEMENTASI LAYANAN KONSELING KELOMPOK UNTUK MENGATASI KEBIASAAN MEMBOLOS SISWA
Authors: Satriawan Satriawan , Muharam La Ode
Published: July 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui implementasi layanan konseling kelompok dalam mengatasi kebiasaan membolos siswa di SMA Negeri 2 Watopute. Jenis penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan pendekatan pra-eksperimen. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 6 orang siswa dari 58 siswa yang ada di SMA Negeri 2 Watopute. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket kebiasaan membolos. Metode analisis data menggunakan analisis wilcoxon match pair test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa layanan konseling kelompok dapat menurunkan kebiasaan membolos siswa SMA Negeri 2 Watopute, hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari sebelum perlakuan diberikan persentase siswa membolos yaitu 82,5%,  dan  setelah  pemberian  perlakuan  kebiasaan  membolos siswa menurun menjadi59,51%. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan wilcoxon signed rank dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 diperoleh P=0,05 diperoleh Pvalue = 0,028. Pvalue ˂ α (0,028 ˂ 0,05) dengan demikian H0 ditolak. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok mampu mengatasi kebiasaan membolos siswa. Kata Kunci: Konseling Kelompok, Kebiasaan Membolos
LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK DALAM MENGATASI KECEMASAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA
Authors: Darmayanti Darmayanti , Binasar Sudarmi Suud
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi kecemasan belajar Matematika siswa kelas VIII.7 SMP Negeri 10 Kendari melalui layanan bimbingan kelompok. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 8 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif pra eksperimen dengan desain one group pre test and post test.  Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan Skala Kecemasan Belajar Matematika. Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat mengatasi kecemasan belajar Matematika, hal ini berdasarkan skor kecemasan Matematika siswa dari 151,375 menjadi 131,75 atau 7,36% berada pada kategori rendah. Sedangkan hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test pada taraf signifikan α=0.05 diperoleh Pvalue=0.012. Pvalue<α (0.012<0.05). Dengan demikian hipotesis Ha diterima dan hipotesis Ho ditolak. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat mengatasi kecemasan belajar Matematika siswa SMP Negeri 10 Kendari. Kata Kunci: Kecemasan belajar Matematika, Bimbingan Kelompok
PENGARUH LAYANAN BIMBINGAN KELOMPOK TERHADAP ETIKA PERGAULAN SISWA
Authors: Sunarti Sunarti , Siregar Nani Restati
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan  etika pergaulan siswa  kelas VIII SMP Negeri 07 Kendari melalui bimbingan kelompok. Subjek dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 10 siswa. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pre eksperimen dengan desain one-grup pre test dan post test.. Data Yang dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan angket etika pergaulan. Hasil uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan wilcoxon signed rank dengan taraf signifikan α = 0,05 diperoleh  = 0,005. < α (0,005 < 0,05) dengan demikian  ditolak. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa layanan bimbingan kelompok dapat berpengaruh terhadap etika pergaulan siswa di SMP Negeri 07 Kendari. Kata Kunci: Etika Pergaulan, Bimbingan Kelompok
Anotasi Penataan Perangkat Daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo Berdasarkan Asas Pembentukannya
Authors: Tome Abdul Hamid
Published: July 2020

Abstrak

Penelitian ini difokuskan pada persoalan pembentukan perangkat daerah berlandaskan asas pembentukannya. Asas pembentukan perangkat daerah menjadi prinsip bagi pemerintah daerah dalam merekonstruksi kembali organisasinya menjadi organisasi yang responsif terhadap perubahan dalam upaya menggerakan roda pembangunan daerah dan pemberian layanan yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan statute approach. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat susunan perangkat daerah yang dibentuk belum didasarkan pada asas pembentukannya. Salah satunya adalah susunan organisasi perangkat daerah Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari belum terakomodirnya urusan pemerintahan bidang tenaga kerja pada perangkat daerah. Selain itu, terdapat perangkat daerah yang melaksanakan urusan pemerintahan melebihi kapasitas yang diperintahkan oleh ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan. Oleh karenanya diharapkan Pemerintah Provinsi Gorontalo melakukan pemetaan kembali susunan perangkat daerahnya. Langkah yang harus ditempuh adalah dengan melakukan perubahan terhadap Perda No. 11 Tahun 2016.

Kata Kunci: Asas; Perangkat Daerah; Pemerintah

Abstract

This research focused on the issue of the formation of regional apparatus based on the principles of their formation. The principle of forming regional apparatus is a principle for regional governments in reconstructing their organizations into organizations that are responsive to change in an effort to move the wheels of regional development and provide good services. This study uses a type of normative legal research with a statute approach. The results of the study show that there is an arrangement of regional instruments that have been formed that have not been based on the principles of their formation. One of them is the organizational structure of the regional apparatus of the Gorontalo Provincial Government. This can be seen from the lack of accommodation of government affairs in the field of labor in the regional apparatus. In addition, there are regional apparatus that carry out government affairs exceeding the capacity ordered by statutory provisions. Therefore, it is expected that the Gorontalo Provincial Government will re-map the composition of the regional apparatus. The step that must be taken is to make changes to Local Regulation No. 11 of 2016.

Keywords: Principle; Regional Apparatus; Government.
A Textual Discourse Analysis of Introductions in Textbooks of Humanities and Basic Sciences
Authors: Shahab Sara , Rashidi Nasser , Sadighi Firooz , Yamini Mortaza
Published: July 2020

This study attempted to scrutinize the disciplinary and cross-disciplinary generic variations of textbook introductions in humanities and basic sciences with reference to the onion model. The data included a sample of 60 introductions (i.e. ten each from applied linguistics, sociology, and psychology within humanities, and ten each from biology, agriculture, and geology within basic sciences). Humphrey and Economou’s (2015) onion model of discourse analysis was adopted, and MAXQDA 10 software of qualitative analysis was used for coding. The findings revealed similarities and differences not only within but also between the two disciplines, which can be attributed to the nature of disciplines as well as the generically accepted conventions in each discipline. Moreover, the results of the study highlighted the predominance of descriptive and analytical phases in textbook introductions not only in isolation but also in establishing more complicated genres like persuasion and critique. The study highlights the importance of teaching which is concerned with learners' rhetorical consciousness-raising of the disciplines as well as the discipline-specific lexico-grammatical features in expert texts.
Metalinguistic Reflection and Computer-Mediated Communication: An Interventionist approach to Language Study Abroad
Authors: McGregor Meredith
Published: July 2020

This article reports on part of a mixed-methods study framed by sociocultural theory and aimed at assessing the impact of an intervention to promote metalinguistic awareness in language study abroad sojourners. Participants utilized a social media platform as a space to develop personalized e-portfolios for the purpose of in-depth metalinguistic reflection, paired with entirely computer-mediated researcher-participant mentoring. As such, this study addresses the importance of intervention in second language learning in study abroad, while also adding to the research available on its intersections within a 24/7 digitally connected world. Analysis of the data suggests that carrying out reflective practices and engaging with a mentor, even at distance, may be contributory in enhancing Spanish language proficiency. Further, this provides evidence that interventionist approaches to study abroad can be made accessible and meaningful even in the absence of significant resources, and without implementing prohibitively onerous tasks for either a student or practitioner.
Editorial
Authors: Kartchava Eva , Rodgers Michael
Published: July 2020

Editorial 23, 1 (2020)
الزوائد في الأفعال في اللغة العربية واللغة الإندونيسية دراسة تقابلية تطبيقية
Authors: Muthi Mufidah Hasna , Isman Nofa
Published: July 2020

This study aims to determine the affixes of verbs in arabic and indonesian language to find out the similiarates of two language from morphological, grammatical, and semantic aspects.  And predict the diffuculties that faced by students. And prepare the learning materials that are appropriate for arabic language student in affixing araic and indonesia verbs based on the result of research.  Thus study has reached the following results: first; they are 17 similarities and 69 differences between the arabic and indonesian language interms of morphology, grammatical and semantic, including changing the letters of the increase to six forms in the indonesian language, the triple verb that may be necessary exceeds its object, the terms have no special terms in the indonesian language, secondly; the existence of the expected obstacles due to the difference between the two languages, and the third; the application of a reciprocal study at the level of verbs plus in preparing an educational subject for indonesian learnes.
UJI AKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA BEBERAPA EKSTRAK TANAMAN PADA HAM A LIRIOMYZA SATIVAE (BLANCHARD)
Authors: Nainiti Karolus A.N. , Supartha I Wayan , Nurjaya IG.M.Oka
Published: July 2020

The usage of herbal insecticide for leafminer control is based on the principle that organic compounds that are produced by plants to survive from the leafminer are selective, can be digested by the organism, and also can be broken down by heat, oxygen,  and sunshine. This study was to test the activity of  15 plant extracts to find out which kinds of plant extracts had insecticide activity to  Liriomyza Sativa. The study design was a randomized block design, with 17 treatments (15 kinds of plant extract and two controls), and was replicated five times. The trials were done at the glasshouse of Pest and Plant Disease Department of Agricultural Faculty at Udayana University. The results of the study showed that each plant extract that was used in this trial had different insecticide activity to  L  Sativa. The seed coat extract from the seed A. occidentale L. and the extract of P. retrofractum Vahl had the highest insecticide activity to L sativae.
ANALISIS FINANSIAL DIVERSIFIKASI PRODUK KELAPA MENJADI VCO (Virgin Coconut Oil) DENGAN METODE EMULSI
Authors: Fatima Imaculata
Published: July 2020

Coconut plant is a plant that grows in a tropical area. It dominates growing in the coastal area. Ende Regency is a part of the district,  located in East Nusa Tenggara Provence particularly in Flores island. The plan is one of the commodities in Ende that support it increase the income of the people generally.  However,  coconut is relatively low. For instance,  one fruit is five hundred or a  thousand rupiah.  In reality,  each plant of coconut can produce 25-30 fruits every month  (APCC, 2004).  Most of the coconut plants in Ende is a kind of local coconut which is known  "Kelapa Dalam Lokal". This kind of commodity contains high oil quality which may be treated to produce more oil. Traditionally, farmers usually produce coconut oil which can improve their home income. This oil production is well known in Ende regency as "klentik oil or tandusan oil". Most people and farmers say that oil production can not give enough benefits or profits for supporting their home economic. For this reason, it is very important to change the way of how to treat coconut fruits in order to give more quality of the coconut oil. This new way is recognized as the emulsion  method.  Its actually is a new technology to process the coconut fruit to become virgin coconut oil (VCO). This analysis is conducted to find out the validity of the production and to know the profits of the production in regards to improving the income of the farmer. Financial analysis includes the analysis of validity in interpreneuring (R/C ratio), the impact price, and impact focus of production.  Producing the virgin coconut oil has run at Faculty of Agriculture, Flores University on semester  IV,  period  2007- 2008. The validity analysis indicates that the R/C ratio peaks 2,69. It shows that this product is suitable to be carried on. The treatment of coconut oil and klentik oil. The price of  80  coconut fruits can produce 7.500 ml VCO and 1.500 ml klentik oil. The price of the VCO is Rp. 46,93,- per ml while production impact is 1.700 ml.  In contrast to the price of kentik oil is Rp.  174,67,-  per ml while its production impact is 2.620 ml. Thus, from the financial aspect, diversification of coconut to become virgin coconut oil and klentik oil simultaneously with emulsion method is appropriate to be conducted by farmers of coconut in order to improve their production the future time.
MEMBANGUN KEWIRAUSAIIAAN DALAM PERSPEKTIF AGRIBISNIS DI ERA GLOBALISASI
Authors: Fatima Imaculata
Published: July 2020

To face the economic problems in this global era, the agriculture sector can support the needs of many people in Indonesia, particularly those who have a low economic background. Recently most farmers have worked hard to increase their productivity. However, they often find have problems or handicaps such as (1) human resource is still low; (2) financial problems; (3) land is not enough to produce commodities; (4) infrastructures are not available enough; (5) appropriate technologies are not enough; (6) networking system of agriculture is not established yet to all agriculture sector; (7) most of the farmers are depending on the natural support; (8) skill, spirit entrepreneurship and sense of self-support of the farmers are not optimized. Regarding these problems, in fact, most farmers are developing their agriculture sectors without considering the quality of their products which is very important to the consumers, the second problem is economic global which is running fast. This can cause problems for farmers. It is therefore, all the farmers should be motivated to improve their capability on agriculture and their feeling confidence.  Based on the issues, this article focuses on the single problem like "is it relevant to give understanding about the business which oriented to agribusiness toward the global area. It is summed up that in global marketing, the agriculture sector is relevant to wake the spirit, entrepreneurship ability of the farmers and oriented to agribusiness. Then they should consider the efficiency, competitive, productivity, viable, marketing strategic and self-support in order to place themselves well either in the local, regional or national level, even at the international level.
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays Saccharata STURT) DAN VARIETAS KUBIS (Brassica oleracea VAR. CAPITATA) TERHADAP HASIL JAGUNG MANIS DAN KUBIS PADA SISTEM TUMPANGSARI DI DESA CANDI KUNING, TABANAN
Authors: Sunarta I Wayan
Published: July 2020

Diversification of plant species is needed to anticipate price fluctuation of vegetables. Intercropping system compared to monoculture can give more benefits to farmers. The arrangement of plant spacings of sweet corn and cabbage variety is expected to result in higher yields and benefits in intercropping. The field experiment, which had the objective to study the effects of plant spacing of sweet corn and cabbage variety on yields of sweet corn and cabbage in the intercropping system, had been conducted from March to July 2008. The experiment was carried out at the dryland farming area at Candikuning Village, district of Baturiti, Tabanan regency, 1.200 m asl. In the experiment, a randomized complete block design with two factors namely plant spacing of sweet corn (120 cm x40 cm, 180 cm x 40 cm and 240 cm x 40 cm) and variety of cabbage (Green Nova and Summer-Autumn) were used. Plant spacing of cabbage was 60 cm x 40 cm. All treatments were replicated four times. The results of the experiment showed that the effect of interaction between plant spacing of sweet corn and cabbage variety in intercropping was not significant on yields of sweet corn and cabbage. Individually, sweet corn plant spacing of 120 cm x40 cm gave the highest fresh weight of cob without husk (10,91 t ha"'), which was 44.50% and 80.93% respectively higher than the spacing of ! 80 cm x 40 cm and 240 cm x 40 cm. The spacing of 180 cm x 40 cm resulted in not the significantly different fresh weight of cob with husk but gave the highest fresh weight of cabbage heads (56.101 ha'1), which was 27.36% higher than that at sweet corn spacing of 120 cm x 40 cm and was not significantly different from that at 240 cm x 40 cm. Cabbage variety Green Nova gave the highest head (56.101 ha1), which was 14.48% higher than variety Summer-Autumn. Intercropping between cabbage variety Green Nova and Sweet corn at 180 cm x 40 cm spacing resulted in the highest benefit (Rp. 20,488125 t ha'1), which was Rp. 3,335500 higher than the average benefit of cabbage monoculture. The efficiency of land use in intercropping was higher (LER: 1.69) than in monoculture (LER: 1). It is suggested to use cabbage variety Green Nova intercropped with sweet corn at I 80 cm x 40 cm spacing. An experiment studying the effect of cabbage intercropped with sweet corn and other short season vegetables planted after harvesting cabbages is also suggested.
RESPON BIOLOGIS BEBERAPA JENIS PARASITOID PADA LALAT PENGGOROK DAUN Liriomyza huidobrensis BLANCHARD
Authors: Wahyuni Sri , Supartha I Wayan
Published: July 2020

This research conducted to know the biological responses of leaf miner parasitoid Liriomyza huidobrensis is Hemyptarsenus varicomis Girault (Eulophidae), Opius sp (Braconidae) and Gronotoma micromorpha (Eucoilidae). Three species of parasitoid chosen as the substance of research caused by biological agent superiorities. On this research, there are some observed that is long life imagoes, preoviposition, oviposition period, after oviposition, The egg-laying rate, fertilization, daily fertilization, mortality and female proportion. This research was conducted for four-month at Ecology Laboratory and Insect Systematics and at the Green House of Pest and Plant Diseases Department, Faculty of Agriculture Udayana University in Denpasar. Used substance of host kidney bean (Vigna sinensis L ) host insect ( L. Huidobrensis ) and species of the parasitoid (H.varicornis, Opius sp and G.micromorpha) The experiments using randomized complete block design was used in this research. The observed results indicated that betwen three species of parasitoid used H.varicornis has preoviposition period and time after oviposition shortest so that to reproduce generation of H.varicornis faster than G.micromopha and Opius sp. At the meantime the fertilization level, and best female proportion produced of H.varicornis. Mortality on G.micromorpha and O.liriomyzae cause of paralyzing and host- feeding by H.varicornis. Mortality on G.micromorpha and Opius sp influential to female proportion number that produced that is the mortality of female generation caused of paralyzing and host-feeding by H. varicornis, So that fertilizing level, parasitisation level and female proportion higher happen if G.micromorpha or Opius sp released after releasing H. varicornis
PRODUKSI KARBONDIOKSIDA (CO,) SEBAGAI INDIKATOR RESPIRASI PADA BERBAGAI SAYURAN
Authors: Hutubessy Josina Irene Brigetha , Tungga Dionisius
Published: July 2020

The objective of the research was to determine the respiration rate of vegetable through calculating CO, content resulted from the respiration process. The nature of the research was experimental research which held in a laboratory at the Faculty of Agriculture, Flores University. The result showed that respiration process released C02 and energy. Titration result in yam showed higher C02 content in comparison to cabbage and mustard green. However, the respiration rate of mustard green was higher than other vegetables. The logic behind the results was that the position and the number of stomata per area of the leaf determine respiration rate. In this case, the number of stomata on the mustard green was higher than other observed vegetables. In fact, the respiration rate of vegetables is determined by several factors. Specifically, some internal and external factors affect it, such as soluble matters availability,  oxygen, temperature, type and development stage of plants. Morphologically, certain vegetables produce more moisture content than others, which is, in turn, produce low respiration rate.
EFEKTIVITAS CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN BEAUVARIA BASSIANA TERHADAP HAMA PENGGEREK BUAH KAKAO CONOPOMORPHA CRAMERELLA SNELLLEN
Authors: Puu Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga
Published: July 2020

Cocoa pod borer Conomorpha cramerella snellen (lepidoptera: gracillaridae) is one type of the key pest which is highly responsible for drilling cocoa, which then causes the production and quality of cacao to decrease. The use of entomopathogenic fungus is one of the alternatives to cope with it. By invecting and developing within the insect, such a fungus can cause the insect to suffer from diseases which will then be responsible for their death. Beauveria bassiana are types of the entomopathogenic fungus which are used for controlling cocoa pod corer, as they are able to infect the pest trough the enzyme or toxin produced, which then leads to its death. This study aims at an effectiveness test of entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana against cocoa pod borer. This research was conducted at the Laboratory Udaya University in Bali from May to November 2010. The experimental design employed was randomized complete block design (RCBD) wich was made up of four treatments such as B0 (Control), B1 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 105 spora/ml/); B2 (B, bassiana in which the spore density 106 spora/ml); B3 (B. bassiana in which the spore density was 107 spora/ml).  The result shows that the Larvae CPB which was infected by B. bassiana shows different treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatments and responses than control. The fastest death of the larvae CPB took place on the treatment of B. bassiana in which spore density 107. The fastest appearance of spore took place on the treatment five days after inoculation. The fungus of B. bassiana at the spore speed of 105 and 107 caused all the larvae CPB 100% to die at five days inoculation.
PENGARUH LAMA PERENDAMAN EKSTRAK KULIT BATANG “KAJU BA’I” (Aglaia tomentosa) TERHADAP EFEKTIVITAS INSEKTISIDA NABATI PADA HAMA GUDANG KACANG HIJAU Callosobruschus sp (COLEOPTERA : BRUCHIDAE)
Authors: Sarah Mardiah , Wahyuni Sri , Lanamana Willybrordus
Published: July 2020

This study aims to the influence of soaking bark extract “Kaju Ba’i” (Aglaia tomentose) and its effectiveness as a botanical insecticide of the green beans warehouse pest Callosobruschus app. The experiment was conducted at the Laboratory in the Faculty of Agriculture University of Flores, Ende, from September to October 2010. The research used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of K0 (control), K1 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for one day), K2 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for two days), K3 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed three two days), K4 (bark extract Kaju Ba’i immersed for four days) each treatment was repeated 10 times. Observed variables included mortality, contact nerve toxins and anti-oviposition activity.  The results showed that the treatment K4 possesses the highest level of effectiveness, and cause mortality as contact poison (99%), nerve toxins (2.7%) and anti-oviposition (75%).
PERANAN PESTISIDA BOTANI DALAM MENDUKUNG PERTANIAN ORGANIK
Authors: Sudiarta I Putu
Published: July 2020

Until recently the use of synthetic pesticides to control pest and plant diseases proved effective, but on the other hand, the excessive use of synthetic pesticides cause many negative effects, such as the development of pest and disease resistance, second pest explosion, death of natural enemies and pesticide residues in food and environment. One alternative that can be done to solve this problem is the use of botanical pesticides. Botanical pesticides are compounds produced as a plant defence response to disturbances and stimulation. These compounds generally are of secondary metabolites that have many functions, such as growth hormones (Auxin, gibberellins and cytokinins), anti-fungal or anti-bacterial, antibiotics, and toxic to animals and insects. The advantage of botanical pesticides is that they have toxicity similar to synthetic pesticides, but the botanical pesticides can be used to support sustainable organic agriculture.  Experiments in the utilization of botanical pesticides to control plant pest have been carried out. One example application is the use of botanical insecticides from “Brotowali” leaf extract (Tinospora crispa) to control the diamond black caterpillars (Plutella xylostella)  on cabbage plants. In addition, the use of ‘basil’ oil (Ocimum tenuiflorum) has a real impact in population control of the fruit fly (Bactrocera dorsalis). In addition to pest control, botanical pesticides are also reported to effectively control plant diseases. Use of ‘galangal’ (Alpinia galanga) and papaya (Carica papaya) has a high ability to inhibit the growth of Ceratocystis sp. On PDA and fruits. The combination of ‘betel’ leaf extract (Piper betle) and ‘galangal’ (A galanga) can suppress the growth of banan wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum and / or the Ralstonia solanacearum. The use of ‘galangal’ (A. Galanga) extract with a concentration of 5%, can also inhibit the growth of stem rot disease (F. oxisporum) on vanilla seedlings. In addition, the use of ‘betel’ ieaf P. Bettle in the field can suppress black rot disease on cocoa pods (cocoa black pd disease)
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN BAHAN ORGANIK KIRINYU ( Chromolaena Odorata )TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SAWI (Brasica Juncea ) DI KAWASAN AGROECOTOURISM
Authors: Ana saga Agustinus JP , Murdaningsih Murdaningsih
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to explore the effect of Siam weed (Chromolaena odorata)  green manure application on the growth and development of mustard (Brassica juncea) in Kelimutu National Park, Indonesia.  The study was carried out between September and November 2010 in Ende district on the island of Flores, Indonesia, at an altitude of 1500 to 1730 meters above sea level. This study used a randomized block design with four treatments: K0: No Siam weed application, K1: 5 tons/ha Siam weed (2.8kg/plot), K2: 10 tons/ha Siam weed (5.6kg/plots), K3: 15 tons/ha Siam weed (8.4kg/plot), K4: 20 tons/ha Siam weed (11.2kg/plot). Researchers observed plant characteristics (plant height, leaf area, wet weight and number of leaves) and soil fertility indicators (Organic carbon).  Plant organic matter was ground and subsequently analyzed for nutrients using a randomized block design along with lab analysis for soil fertility. The results of this study showed that the application of Siam weed organic matter had no significant effect on mustard plant height, leaf number, leaf area, or wet weight. However, it was found that organic matter application did have a significant effect on soil fertility indicators (organic carbon), and caused an increase in soil organic matter content.
STUDI PEMBUATAN TABLET EFFERVESCENT DENGAN EKSTRAK BUNGA MAWAR MERAH (Rosa sp.) PADA PASCA POTONG BUNGA MAWAR DAN JENIS FILLER (NaHCO3, KHCO3, CaCO3)
Authors: Dami Theovilla R. Rianty
Published: July 2020

Red roses  (Rosa sp)  are a  decorative plant species.  Their petals contain the pigment anthocyanin, which is classified as a flavonoid and is able to capture free radicals.  Due to their popularity, roses are an abundant resource and can be processed into effervescent drink tablets. This study aims to investigate the influence of time after harvest and filler type on the quality of the red rose extract powder, on effervescent tablets made from the said extract and on effervescent drink quality. The study was conducted in two stages. Phase I tested the quality of pigment extract of hybrid varieties of Dutch roses.  Three post-harvest durations were tested using a Randomized Block Design: fresh, or 0 days after harvesting (U0), 2 days after harvesting (U1) and 4 days after harvesting (U2). Phase II used a Randomized Block Design arranged in factorial to test rose extracts taken from flowers at 3 post-harvest durations (U0, U1, U2) in combination with 3 different filler types [NaHCO3 (N0), KHCO3 (N1), CaCO3 (N2)]. Resulting pigment extracts were analyzed for water quality, pigment quality, pH, and colour intensity.  Effervescent tablets made from the various pigment extracts were also measured for water quality,  sugar level,  pH, moisture content, tablet density, and colour intensity. Study findings revealed that time after harvest affected pigment extract pH, absorbance, light (L), and red (a+)/yellow (b+) colour intensity, while water content and soluble solid content and quantity were unaffected. Analysis of effervescent tablets found that time after harvest, was linked to differences in water content, texture,  light intensity (L) and red  (a+)/yellow (b+) intensity while there was no effect on moisture level.   Analysis of effervescent tablet drinks found that harvest time and filler type affected pH, dissolution speed, colour intensity and flavour. However, neither time after cutting nor filler type had a significant effect on the quantity of soluble solid, colour, appearance or taste of the drinks.
Cell Wall Lytic Enzymes And Their Role In Bacteriophages Infection
Authors: Sudiarta I Putu , Wirya Gusti Ngurah Alit Susanta
Published: July 2020

Use of chemical pesticides has been shown to have many negative side effects, such as insecticide resistance and resurgence, an outbreak of secondary pests and diseases, the disappearance of parasitoid and predator species as well as residual effects on food crops and on the environment. Over the past 60 years, both the number of agricultural toxins in the environment and incidence rates of toxin-related diseases has increased dramatically. The most effective way to combat this problem is through the use of natural predators. One of the best examples of this is the use of host-specific bacteriophages to control bacterial diseases. The mechanism of infection is a very interesting one. To break through the bacterial cell wall the bacteriophages must produce a range of lytic enzymes.  This review will examine and discuss studies of these site-specific cell wall lytic enzymes and their roles in the infection of bacteriophages.
THE EFFECTS OF SALT ON BREAD: TECHNOLOGICAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR REDUCED SALT LEVELS
Authors: Tuhumury Helen
Published: July 2020

Salt is a dietary mineral composed primarily of sodium chloride. These two components of salt are an essential nutrient for humans with important functions in regulating the extracellular fluid volume and the active transport of molecules across cell membranes. However, having too much salt in the diet increases the risk of health problems.  High sodium intake is positively correlated with the level of blood pressure. Therefore, it is necessary to consume food with reduced salt content. Salt has been used as a food preservative that kills or limits of foodborne pathogens and spoilage organism by decreasing water activity. Salt also has functions in foods by adding flavour and masking bitter tastes, controlling the growth of yeast and strengthening the dough network and gas retention of the dough.  Reducing salt content in processed food especially for bread-based products is one of the greatest ongoing challenges facing food manufactures. It also has been difficult to reduce or remove salt or sodium chloride from bread since salt is one of the four essential ingredients in bread. Reducing salt level from 1.2% does not significantly affect dough rheological properties and bread-making quality. However, the omission of salt entirely leads to a significant reduction in the dough, bread quality and its palatability.
PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK MIKORIZA VESICULAR ARBUSKULAR TERHADAP SIFAT KIMIA TANAH PADA TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max (L) Merr)
Authors: Jeksen Julianus
Published: July 2020

This study aims at determining the influence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza dosage on soil chemical properties of soybean and its optimum dosage that can increase the soil available-P on crops of soybean. This research was conducted in Lokoboko village, Ndona Subdistrict of Ende regency. This study used  Randomized Block Design and a single-pattern factor consists of five treatments and four replications namely  M0 : 0 gr pot-1 or without mycorrhiza, M5: 5 gr pot-1 mycorrhiza, M10: 10 gr pot-1 mycorrhiza, M15: 15 gr pot-1 mycorrhiza and M20: 20 gr pot-1 mycorrhiza. The variables of this study are plant–absorption P (mg tan-1), soil–available P (mg kg-1), soil-organic C (%) and pH of soil. The results showed that the use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fertilizer for crops of soybean could increase soil-available P in 56,26%, plant-absorption P  in 65%, pH of the soil in  6,06% and soil-organic C in 62,68 %. The use of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza fertilizer on the dosage of 20 g has the better effectivity in increasing soil-available P in the soybean plant.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN DOSIS PUPUK N DAN P TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL KACANG PANJANG (Vigna Sinensis L)
Authors: Murdaningsih Murdaningsih , Wae Yohanes Karol Mbia
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this research is to know whether the influence of using fertilizer N and P dosage towards the growth and yield of long beans (vigna sinesis L). This research was carried out in Onelako Village, Ndona subdistrict of Ende regency. The method used was Randomized Block Design with two factors of treatments and three replications. The first factor is nitrogen fertilizer which consists of three dosages namely N0: (non-nitrogen fertilizer), N1 (30 kg/ha), N2 (60 kg/ha) and second factor is phosphor fertilizer which comprises three dosage: P0 (non-phosphor fertilizer)), P1 (50 kg/ha) and P2 (100 kg/ha). Observation variables are the diameter of the rod, leaf number, leaf area, pods length, pods diameter, pods number, fresh weight of pods/plants, fresh weight of pods/ha, fresh maximal yield and residues/ha and harvest index. The result showed that no interaction between two factors of treatment (N x P). Nitrogen fertilization treatment of 60 and phosphor with a dosage of 100 kg/ha (P2)  produce the best yields towards all observed variables.  The yields of fresh weight of pods per highest plant is 62,56 gr acquired from plants which get N2 and P2 fertilizer. However, the treatments between N1 and N2 do not have a real difference in all observation variables as well as treatment of P1 and P2.
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK CAIR BIO URINE SAPI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Murdaningsih Murdaningsih , Ugha Marsianus Nate
Published: July 2020

This research aims to know the effect as well as the optimum rates of manure of urine cow bio to the growth and yield of the soybean plant. The design used in this study was Randomized Block Design and the treatment used is U0 (without bio urine manure), U1 (1375 litres of bio urine manure ha-1 or 550 ml plots-1), U2 (bio urine manure of 2750 litre ha-1 or 1100ml plots -1), U3 (bio urine manure 4125 litre ha-1 or 1650 ml plot-1), and U4 (bio urine manure of 5500 litre ha-1 or 2200 ml plot-1). Variable observation in this study is the height of the plant 33.8 cm, leaf number 2.90 strands, leaf area 1.17cm2, the weight of fresh residues tan-114,74 gr, dry oven weight of residue tan-1 15.50 gr, dry oven weight of residue  ha-1 15.50kg, the number of pods 9.44 soybean, weight of 100 grain of soybean 1 0.91 gr, the weight of the seed tan-110.30 gr, seed dry weight ha-110, 30 kg, harvest index of 4.88 and optimum dosage of the manure of urine cow bio is 5500 litres ha-1 can increase the growth and yield of soybeans.
PENGARUH DOSIS PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)
Authors: Puu Yustina Maria Silvia Wonga , Sina Elias Nong
Published: July 2020

This research aimed to know the effect and optimum rates of liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of Eggplant.  The research used Randomized Block Designconsisted of 5 rates of liquid organic fertilizer;(M0 = control/without fertilizers, M1 = 1 liters ha-1, M2 = 1 ha-2 litres, M3 = 3 liters ha-1, M4 = 4 liters ha-1). The observed variable is the height of plants, number and leaf area, length of fruit, fruit diameter, number of fruit, the weight of fruit per plant, weight of fruit per hectare, fresh residues per plant, and fresh residues per hectare and harvest index. The result of experiment showed the rates of liquid organic fertilizer effect on percentage of the growth and yield of eggplant; they are; height of plants(6,22%), leaf number (28,20%), leaf area (29,58%), length of eggplant (43,11%), eggplant diameter (9,00%), number of eggplant (22,03%), weight of eggplant per plant (25,62%), weight of eggplant per hectare (16,70%),  fresh residues per plant (28,58%), residues per hectare (34,93%), and harvest index (53,91%). Optimum rates of liquid organic fertilizer which effect on the growth and yield of eggplant are about 4 litre ha-1.
PENGARUH JARAK TANAM TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN SAWI PAK CHOI (Brassica rapa)
Authors: Wangge Emilia S.A. , Benu Imanuel Sedi
Published: July 2020

This study aims at determining the impact of planting distance on the growth and yield of Pak Choy and determining the optimal distance that can optimize the growth and yield of Pak Choi.  This study employed group random design with 6 treatments of planting distance, namelyJ1 = 20 cm x 25 cm, J2 = 20 cm x 20 cm, J3 = Planting distance 20 cm x 15 cm, J4 = Planting distance 20 cm x 10 cm, J5 = 10 cm x 15 cm, J6 = 10 cm x 10 cm.Each treatment was repeated 4 times so that there were 24 specimen garden-beds. It is found out that planting distance did not have any impact on plant height, the width of leaves, and numbers of leaves at age of 10–20 days after planting, whereas there was an impact on plant age of 25–35 days after planting on plant height of 15.59 cm, a number of leaves of 9.17 cm, the width of leaves of 52.28 cm and fresh Pak Choy weight of 148.4g per plant, fresh weight per ha 1204.43 ha.
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR NASA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT TANAMAN JATI PUTIH (Gmelina arborea Roxb)
Authors: Hutubessy Josina Irene Brigetha
Published: July 2020

This research aims to determine the effect of concentration of organic fertilizer Super NASA to the growth of seeds of white teak and to know the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer Super NASA can increase the growth of NASA plant seed white teak. The design used in this study was a Randomized Block Design with the treatment used is N0: without fertilizer Super NASA NASA, N1: Fertilizer NASA7 .5 ml seeds-1, N2: Fertilizer NASA 15 ml seeds-1, N3: Fertilizer NASA 22.5 ml seeds-1, N4: Fertilizer NASA 30 ml seeds-1. Variable observation in this study is the height of the plant, number of leaves, leaf area, fresh weight tan-1, fresh and dry weight oven tan-1. The results showed that the granting of Fertilizer NASA exerted a highly significant effect on the height of plant (23,65%), the number of leaves is not significant, leaf area (53,61%), fresh weight tan-1 (60,89%) and dry weight tan-1 (55,43%). The optimum dosage of Fertilizers NASA give the seed growth of white teak is best on the seed-1is 30 ml.
ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI JAMUR PENGHASIL MIKOTOKSIN PADA BIJI KAKAO KERING YANG DIHASILKAN DI FLORES-LEMBATA
Authors: Wangge Emilia S.A.
Published: July 2020

A study entitled “Isolation and Identification of Mycotoxin-producing Fungi on Cocoa Beans Produced in Flores and Lembata” was done in order to know the population and species of fungi and to know the concentration of mycotoxin in the dried cocoa beans. The dry cocoa beans used in this study were collected from several locations in Flores. Isolation of the fungi was done using Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). Results of this study showed that there were several fungi were found in the dried cocoa beans produced in Flores, namely Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. parasiticus, A. fumigatusandMucor sp.