bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Success in Complex Channel Sand Reservoir Development Driven by New Generation of Ultra-High-Definition Multilayer Mapping-While-Drilling Service and Hybrid Rotary Steerable System
Authors: Yang Bin , Li Tong , Wang Fei , Wang Feng Hai , Li Shu Zhong , Wu Kai , Hu Zhong , Wang Li , Chen Yao , Liu Qi Xun , Zhang Yan Xing , Maalouf Janine
Published: January 2023

Accurate real-time characterization of complex channel sand reservoir is very critical for horizontal well drilling and production improvement. CB block located in the southwest part of Bohai Bay which is the main offshore block for SINOPEC Sheng Li. This block is featured by braided river and fluvial deposition environment. The operator faced challenges during horizontal drilling, such as thin sand channels, inner-beds development, severe lateral change, unstable sand structure and low sand connectivity.

A horizontal well drilling campaign was launched in 2021. Through considerable data assessment and feasibility study, the new generation of Ultra-High-Definition multilayer mapping-while-drilling service and rotary steerable system (RSS) as an integrated solution package was deployed to this project to overcome above challenges. Without any a-priori assumptions, the new generation service doubles depth of detection (DOD) range compared with previous bed-boundary detection services, delivers clearer boundary delineation, and is capable of remotely identifying the quantitative subsurface features, including layers’ numbers, resistivity and anisotropy distribution, thickness, and dip etc. Meanwhile, the truly hybrid RSS with near bit measurements ensures accurate and smooth trajectory control and reduces the drilling risk in the soft formation.

The pilot project was successfully completed. With the help from real-time measurements combined with seismic data, and by utilizing the advanced inversion advantage, this technology could depict whole individual sand bodies and their mutual lateral contact relationship clearly, which not only can optimize the reservoir exposure rate but also provide a better way for detailed reservoir characterization. Four wells were geosteered for a total of1026m with 96.1% reservoir exposure rate. Primary production from these 4 horizontal wells exceeded the expected production by 40% with only 10% water cut.

This innovative solution demonstrates its advantage on optimizing a complex channel sand drilling and development. The authors believe that the fit-for-purpose solution could be expanded to other similar projects by showcasing the distinctive case studies in this paper.
Integrated Workflow With Hydraulic Fracture Propagation and Production Simulation Technology for Multi-Stage Length Optimization in Horizontal Wells
Authors: Wang Xiang , Yao Changyu , Zhu Xinchun , Yang Tao , Chang Chang , Li Yueli , Lu Jiaoping , Li Longjiao , Xu Hanbing , Huang Xingning
Published: January 2023

Low-permeability gas reservoirs generally have the lowproduction, production rapid productivity decline, and low-ultimate recovery. Staged fracturing is usually conducted for horizontal wells. Hydraulic fracturing technology isgenerally used to improve fracture conductivity and well productivity. How to accurately characterize and simulate the distribution characteristics of hydraulic fracture network in 3D space is particularly important. The stress interference between hydraulic fractures as the objective mechanical behavior in the process of staged fracturing affects the geometry fracture network and the productivity of the reservoir post-fracturing. The hydraulic fractures simulation in natural fractured reservoirs is complex shapes, mainly because natural fractures affect the propagation path of hydraulic fractures. The theoretical model used to describe the hydraulic fracturing in homogeneous reservoirs cannot accurately show the complexity of the spatial morphology of hydraulic fractures in naturally fractured formations. The operatorurgently needs a mechanical model that can show the stress interference behavior between multiple fractures and the direction of hydraulic fracture propagation, and be used to simulate the spatial form of multiple hydraulic fractures in staged fracturing of horizontal wells and their propagation behavior in naturally fractured formations. Aiming at the impact of natural fractures in the reservoir on the propagation path of hydraulic fractures, this paper established a mechanical model for distinguishing interference behavior of natural fractures and hydraulic fractures. And analyzed the stress field at the tip of the hydraulic fracture and the stress field acting on the natural fracture surface based on the theories related to rock mechanics and fracture mechanics. On the basis of coupling the 3D geomechanical model and the 3D Discrete Fracture Network (DFN) model, this paper established the discriminant model for hydraulic fractures penetrating natural fractures in 3D space to conduct hydraulic fracture propagation simulation for the horizontal well. The research results can be used to optimize the hydraulic fracturing treatment design,and provide technical support for the effective production and profitable development of low-permeability reservoir resources.
Full Field Uncertainty Quantification Workflow for Tight Green Fields With Multi-Stage Hydraulic Fracture Wells
Authors: Aly Mohamed Amr , Grilli Francesco , Radice Enzo , Vecchio Emanuele
Published: January 2023

Green Fields are characterized by many static and dynamic uncertainties that mainly impact the decision-making of the full field development phase. The objective of this work is to provide a workflow that considers all the complexities related to all uncertainties, static and dynamic, associated with tight green fields and how these uncertainties are parameterized with the integration of well hydraulic fractures.

Uncertainty and optimization workflow has been adopted in a commercial geo-modeler to consider all the associated uncertainties. Structural uncertainty is parameterized using an in-house plug-in inside the geo-modeler tooldeveloped to apply the structural deformation using the concept of elastic gridding. Hydraulic Fractures are modeled using Local Grid Refinements (LGR) created by a plug-in inside the geo-modeler. A sensitivity analysis has been performed to consider the static uncertainty parameters that impact Hydrocarbon volume in place and dynamic uncertainty parameters that impact cumulative hydrocarbon production, including the LGR (extension and permeability).

Statistical maps on 100 different geological realizations calculated on mobile hydrocarbon column and permeability thickness showed the optimum locations of the infilling wells to consider the spatial and vertical variability. A representative case (P50) on volumes in place is chosen to define the suited development strategy for the full field development phase. Due to the complexity of the field, a creaming curve approach has been adopted for each level to consider the optimum number of drainage points needed. A final completion scheme with an optimum number of wells and their hydraulic fracture stages is defined.

Sensitivity Analysis showed that LGR parameters have a considerable impact on the cumulative hydrocarbon production, and to overcome the limitation of the LGR plug-in, which does not allow to change the completion for every realization, a dedicated study has been performed to define the optimum extension of perforations needed to consider the structural and petrophysical changes over realizations.

Three representative cases (P10 – P50 – P90) on the cumulative hydrocarbon production were selected to represent an uncertainty range of the field volumes and production in the next step of integrated asset modeling.

An automatic strategy and related implementation have been developed for wells with LGR simulation to adapt well completions in the context of hydraulic fracturing and uncertainty quantification.
Feasibility Analysis of Hydrogen Storage in Depleted Natural Reservoirs Through a Multi-Phase Reservoir Simulator
Authors: Huang Tianjia , Moridis George J. , Blasingame Thomas A. , Afifi Abdulkader M. , Yan Bicheng
Published: January 2023

Unstable supply of renewable energy arises with the inevitable seasonal dependency, which contradicts with periodic energy demand. As hydrogen shows high energy density and mobility, yet low solubility and residual saturation, underground hydrogen storage (UHS) becomes a promising solution of scalable energy storage to rebalance demand and supply. Depleted gas reservoirs (DGR) are one of the most appropriate options for UHS because of the integrity of their caprock and storage system. In this study, we developed a numerical model based on TOUGH+RGB simulator (code) to simulate the flow and thermal transport during UHS in reservoirs such as DGR. Given the different transport and thermodynamic properties of hydrogen, different Equation-of-State (EOS) for modeling the phase behavior of hydrogen-included mixtures are calibrated with literature (lab) data, and further are coupled with the simulator. This benefits our numerical experiments to exam various cushion gas pre-injection strategies for pressure maintenance, boundary conditions, and potential hydrogen leakage into caprock. Hence, we can comprehensively assess the seasonal gas recovery factor of hydrogen stored in DGR. The calculated density of hydrogen-methane mixture based on GERG-2008 EOS and Soave-Redlich-Kwong (SRK) EOS is in perfect agreement with experimental data, while that from Peng-Robinson EOS is not quite consistent. Due to the accuracy and efficiency, SRK EOS is employed in our simulator. Hydrogen injection-idle-withdrawal operation is simulated in a synthetic heterogeneous anticline DGR. Due to gravity segregation, we observe that hydrogen displaces pre-existing methane and resides at the top of the storage zone. When the caprock permeability ranges from 10(-5) to 10(-3) mD, only 0.05% of the injected hydrogen at maximum leaks into the caprock. Besides, an open boundary condition connecting with the storage zone helps the pressure maintenance in the storage and lowers the leakage, since with a close boundary condition the leakage rises to 0.35%. Further, about 1% of injected hydrogen is dissolved into the aqueous phase. Those results demonstrate that UHS in DGR has become a feasible choice. Nevertheless, only about 75% amount of hydrogen can be withdrawn if the bottom-hole pressure of producing well is 2MPa below the reservoir pressure. Therefore, cushion gas is necessary for the UHS project to increase hydrogen recovery. This work provides an in-depth investigation of various physics important to UHS, including EOS, hydrogen transport, capillary pressure, mixing, and dissolution. We quantitatively evaluated the hydrogen loss problem, including leakage to caprock, dissolved in water, and mixing with other gas molecules, which is the first-of-its-kind analysis in literature to the authors’ best knowledge. The modeling study is useful for the feasibility analysis of hydrogen storage in the depleted gas reservoir.
Quantitative Characterization of Heavy Oil Threshold Pressure Gradient in Porous Media
Authors: Xin Xiankang , Liu Saijun , Yu Gaoming , Ma Ruicheng , Xu Peifu
Published: January 2023

A large number of laboratory physical experiments and oilfield production practices show that the flow of heavy oil in porous media no longer follows Darcy's law, but needs to overcome a certain threshold pressure gradient (TPG), which determines the difficulty of heavy oil flow, directly affects the development effect of heavy oil reservoirs, and has important engineering significance. However, the current quantitative characterization methods of TPG of heavy oil have limitations. In this paper, the TPG of heavy oil is measured through experiments, and its influencing factors are comprehensively analyzed. Finally, a new quantitative characterization is proposed. The results show that when the viscosity and permeability are the same, the TPG of heavy oil is not necessarily the same; The TPG of heavy oil increases with the increase of asphaltene content or resin content, and decreases with the increase of aromatics content, saturates content, permeability or temperature. The TPG of heavy oil can be scientifically characterized by the above factors, and ordered according to influence from high to low: temperature, permeability, asphaltene content, saturates content, aromatics content, and resin content. The accurate characterization of the TPG of heavy oil has great significance for the development evaluation, remaining oil characterization and enhanced oil recovery of heavy oil reservoirs.
Effects of Police Integrity Culture and Police Integrity Institution on Perception of Corruption severity
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Kim Seung Hyun , Kim Eun Kee
Published: January 2023

Virtue of integrity to the police is more important than any other institution. Since integrity is both a personal characteristic and an organizational characteristic, the problem of organizational corruption needs to be considered at the organizational level, not just in the category of personal deviations. Therefore this study examined effects of police integrity culture and police integrity institution on perception of corruption severity. As a result police integrity culture and police integrity institution had a positive effects on the perception of corruption severity. Particularly, police integrity culture was more important than police integrity institution to examined the perception of corruption severity. So this study emphasized the importance of education on integrity and anti-corruption, which is based on actual cases. Also the leadership of the head of the institution is important to let the member internalize the integrity value.
A Study on North Korea's cyber crime trends and Institutionalization of Response System Establishment
Authors:   Korean Association of Public Safety and Criminal Justice, Shin Yulee
Published: January 2023

North Korea's cybercrimes are targeting the whole world to the extent that it is difficult to easily estimate the damage results beyond cyberspace by way of more sophisticated criminal means. In particular, in relation to cybercrimes against South Korea, which have been concentrated since Kim Jong-un came to power, a close analysis of the relevant incidents from time to time will be the most basic study in establishing our response system in the future. In this regard, this study analyzes and describes issues by period, focusing on major cases among North Korea's cyber crimes against South Korea after Kim Jong-un came to power, and proposes an institutionalization plan to build a response system.
Regional and Temporal Variability of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall in relation to El Niño Southern Oscillation
Authors: Athira K S , Roxy Mathew Koll , Dasgupta Panini , Saranya J S , Singh Vineet Kumar , Attada Raju
Published: January 2023

The Indian summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) exhibits significant variability, affecting the food and water security of the densely populated Indian subcontinent. The two dominant spatial modes of ISMR variability are associated with the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the strength of the semi-permanent monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions, respectively. ENSO strongly influences the ISMR, but the temporal and regional variability of this teleconnection is not well understood. Our analysis shows that the teleconnection between ENSO and ISMR increased consistently between 1901 to 1940, from a moderate to substantially strong correlation, remained stable at a strong correlation during 1941 to 1980, and then decreased consistently again to a moderate correlation in the recent period, 1981 to 2018. We have also explored the regional variability based on the consistency in the ENSO–ISMR relationship. We identify three regions—namely north, central and south India, where the variability in ENSO–ISMR relationship is moderate, high and consistent —and investigate the mechanisms behind the varying teleconnections. The overall decrease in ISMR is related to warm SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific Ocean suggesting El Niño conditions. Meanwhile, the decrease of rainfall over the Indo-Gangetic Plains and an increase over the southern peninsula is associated with warm SST anomalies over the Indian Ocean. We find that the temporal changes in ENSO–ISMR relation in different regions of the country are due to the overlying influence of the monsoon trough and related variability in monsoon depressions.
Development of a scoring model for the prediction of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis
Authors: Kobayashi Toshimichi , Hidaka Eiji , Koganezawa Itsuki , Nakagawa Masashi , Yokozuka Kei , Ochiai Shigeto , Gunji Takahiro , Sano Toru , Tomita Koichi , Tabuchi Satoshi , Chiba Naokazu , Kawachi Shigeyuki
Published: January 2023

Background: The mortality rate of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis is higher than that of uncomplicate appendicitis. However, non-operative management of such patients is ineffective. This necessitates their careful exam at presentation to identify gangrenous/perforated appendicitis and aid surgical decision-making. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a new scoring model for predicting gangrenous/perforated appendicitis in adults based on objective findings.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 151 patients with acute appendicitis who underwent emergency surgery between January 2014 and June 2021. We performed univariate and multivariate analyses to identify independent predictors of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis, and a new scoring model was developed based on logistic regression coefficients for independent predictors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test were performed to assess the discrimination and calibration of the model. Finally, the scores were classified into three categories based on the probability of gangrenous/perforated appendicitis.
Results: Among the 151 patients, 85 and 66 patients were diagnosed with gangrenous/perforated appendicitis and uncomplicated appendicitis, respectively. Using the multivariate analysis, c-reactive protein level, maximal outer diameter of the appendix, and presence of appendiceal fecalith were identified as independent predictors for developing gangrenous/perforated appendicitis. Our novel scoring model was developed based on three independent predictors and ranged from 0 to 3. The area under the ROC curve was 0.792 (95% confidence interval, 0.721—0.863), and the Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed a good calibration of the novel scoring model (P = 0.716). Three risk categories were classified: low, moderate, and high risk with probabilities of 30.9%, 63.8%, and 94.4%, respectively.
Conclusions: Our scoring model can objectively and reproducibly identify gangrenous/perforated appendicitis with good diagnostic accuracy and help in determining the degree of urgency and in making decisions about appendicitis management.
Isorhamnetin exerts antifibrosis effects by attenuating PDGF-BB--induced HSC-T6 cells activation via suppressing PI3K-AKT Signaling Pathway, a new remedy for liver fibrosis
Authors: Rashidi Mojtaba , Matour Emad , Nasab Hasti Beheshti , Cheraghzadeh Maryam , Shakerian Elham
Published: January 2023

Background
Liver inflammation and fibrosis are the results of chronic liver injuries, which activated myofibroblasts in the liver to produce more proteins in the extracellular matrix. The origin of myofibroblasts is quiescent hepatic stellate cells. Isorhamnetin as a natural flavonoid widely distributed in fruits and vegetables has anti-inflammatory activity and avoids cell proliferation and migration.
Objectives
We studied the effect of Isorhamnetin as an antifibrotic following stimulation by PDGF- BB in the HSC-T6 cells, as well as related mechanisms in vitro.
Methods
First of all, we used PDGF- BB to activate the HSC-T6 cells. After that, we used Isorhamnetin to treat activated cells for 24h. Finally, we compared the mRNA expression amount of collagen1 (COLA1), Alpha Smooth Muscle Actin (α-SMA), and level of phosphorylated AKT protein with our control group.
Results
The obtained data revealed the expression of the COLA1, α-SMA genes, as well as the amount of phosphorylate-AKT protein in the cells treated with PDGF-BB, significantly rose in comparison with our control. In addition, 75 and 100 µM concentrations of Isorhamnetin markedly declined the COLA1, α-SMA expression, and the phosphorylated AKT protein in the HSC-T6 cells.
Conclusions
Isorhamnetin significantly decreased HSC-T6 activation by preventing the PI3K-AKT cell signaling and reducing the expression of COLA1, α-SMA within liver fibrosis in vitro, so Isorhamnetin can prohibit liver fibrosis progression. In terms of these data, Isorhamnetin use can be recommended as a helpful therapeutic factor to treat liver fibrosis.
Self-gripping mesh in laparoscopic obturator hernia repair: clinical experience in a single institution
Authors: Sugiyama Tomohiro , Takeuchi Yuji , Kinoshita Osamu , Mori Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Akira , Kominami Hiroaki , Urano Naomi , Higuchi Ichiro , Hasuike Yasunori
Published: January 2023

Purpose: We propose a treatment strategy for obturator hernia repair using a self-fixating mesh. An obturator hernia is a relatively rare type of abdominal hernia with a high mortality rate, with surgery being the only treatment option. Various approaches to repairing obturator hernia using meshes and tackers have been proposed. Nonetheless, postoperative complications such as chronic inguinal pain and hemorrhage have been reported with tacker-fixated mesh approaches.
Although the self-adhesive property of a self-fixating mesh enables tacker-less hernia repair, it is rarely used in inguinal hernia repair. Tacker-less repair reduces the likelihood of chronic pain development; however, the difficulty in handling the mesh in the abdominal cavity must be overcome.
Methods: We have been using a self-fixating mesh (PG mesh; ProGrip™ laparoscopic self-fixating mesh) for obturator hernia repair since April 2020. In two cases preceding the introduction of the PG mesh for obturator hernia repair, we experienced difficulty attaching the PG mesh; nevertheless, we successfully performed obturator hernia repair by simplifying the method, using three steps, to attach the PG mesh.
Results: Between April 2020 and October 2022, we encountered seven cases of obturator hernia. Of these cases, five were repaired using the PG mesh. Postoperatively, one patient had a small subcutaneous hematoma with no postoperative complications, including chronic pain and hemorrhage. The postoperative recovery time was not prolonged, and there was no recurrence of symptoms during the observation period.
Conclusion: PG mesh appears to be suitable for obturator hernia repair.
Dynamic gravitational excitation of structural resonances in the hertz regime using two rotating bars
Authors: Brack Tobias , Zybach Bernhard , Fankhauser Jonas , Balabdaoui Fadoua , Blunier Stefan , Kaufmann Stephan , Palmegiano Francesco , Scheiwiller Donat , Tomasina Jean-Claude , Dual Jürg
Published: January 2023

With the planning of new ambitious gravitational wave (GW) observatories, fully controlled laboratory experiments on dynamic gravitation become more and more important. Such experiments can provide new insights in potential dynamic effects such as gravitational shielding or energy flow and might contribute to bringing light into the mystery still surrounding gravity. Here we present a laboratory-based transmitter-detector experiment using two rotating bars as transmitter and a 42 Hz, high-Q bending beam resonator as detector. Using a highly precise phase control to synchronize the rotating bars, a dynamic gravitational field emerges that excites the bending motion with amplitudes up to 100 nm/s or 370 pm, which is a factor of 500 above the thermal noise. The two-transmitter design enables the investigation of different setup configurations. The detector movement is measured optically, using three commercial interferometers. Acoustical, mechanical, and electrical isolation, a temperature-stable environment, and lock-in detection are central elements of the setup. The moving load response of the detector is numerically calculated based on Newton’s law of gravitation via discrete volume integration, showing excellent agreement between measurement and theory both in amplitude and phase. The near field gravitational energy transfer is 1025 times higher than what is expected from GW analysis.
An mTOR feedback loop mediates the ‘flare’ (‘rebound’) response
to MET tyrosine kinase inhibition
Authors: Altintas Dogus M , Cerqua Marina , de Laurentiis Angela , Trusolino Livio , Boccaccio Carla , Comoglio Paolo M
Published: January 2023

Targeted therapy significantly impairs tumour growth but suffers from limitations, among which the ‘flare’ (‘rebound’) effect. Among cancers driven by tyrosine kinase receptors, those relying on alterations of the MET oncogene benefit from treatment by specific inhibitors. Previously, we reported that discontinuation of MET tyrosine kinase receptor inhibition causes ‘rebound’ activation of the oncogene, with a post-treatment transient hyperphosphorylation phase that culminates into a dramatic increase in cancer cell proliferation. The molecular mechanisms behind the ‘MET burst’ after treatment cessation are unknown but critically important for patients. Here we identify a positive feedback loop mediated by the AKT/mTOR pathway leading to (a) enhanced MET translation by activating p70S6K and 4EBP1 and (b) MET hyper-phosphorylation by inactivation of the tyrosine-phosphatase PTP1B. The latter effect is due to m-TOR-driven PTP1B phosphorylation of the inhibitory residues Ser50 and Ser378. These data provide in vitro evidence for the use of mTOR inhibitors to prevent the ’flare effect’ in MET targeted therapy, with potential applicative ramifications for patient clinical management.
Beta diversity differences between native and alien conifer understorey vegetation in dry grassland: a multiscale methodology approach
Authors: Bakacsy László , Szepesi Ágnes
Published: January 2023

Alien woody species are one of the most succesful invaders in the world, despite of these species are frequently used for afforestations in several regions such as semi-arid lands. Shrubs and trees can form important patches, creating microhabitats in the open area of arid lands. These vegetations have unique species composition and coexistence of species modes. However, effects of solitary conifer species on the understory vegetation are lacking. This study evaluated the effects of the solitary native and invasive conifer species, Juniperus communis and Pinus nigra on the beta diversity of the surrounding vegetations. To determine the impacts of the conifer invasion on species richness and structure in this habitat, a field study was conducted in Pannonic dry sand grassland in the growing season of 2018. The presence of plant and lichen species were recorded in the vegetation around each six selected solitary conifers. 26 m long circular transects, which consist of 520 units of 5 cm × 5 cm contiguous microquadrats were used for beta diversity estimation. Two information theory models were calculated the baseline transect data, in order to describing the fine-scale spatial structure of each understorey community. The results showed significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the two types of understory vegetation functions and these parameters. Our result show, the native conifer J. communis creates a more complex, highly organized microhabitats compared to the invasive, P. nigra. Thus, can conclude that native conifer species has positive effect on the beta diversity of understorey vegetation. Based on our study, the removal of the invasive woody species is required in order to sustain diversity of these habitat and reducing the risk of the introduction of other alien species.
Differential expression patterns of long noncoding RNAs in a pleiomorphic diatom and relation to hyposalinity
Authors: Debit Ahmed , Charton Florent , Pierre-Elies Priscillia , Bowler Chris , de Carvalho Helena Cruz
Published: January 2023

Long non-coding (lnc)RNAs have been shown to have central roles in stress responses, cell identity and developmental processes in multicellular organisms as well as in unicellular fungi. Previous works have shown the occurrence of lncRNAs in diatoms, namely in Phaeodactylum tricornutum, many of which being expressed under specific stress conditions. Interestingly, P. tricornutum is the only known diatom that has a demonstrated morphological plasticity, occurring in three distinct morphotypes: fusiform, triradiate and oval. Although the morphotypes are interchangeable, the fusiform is the dominant one while both the triradiate and the oval forms are less common, the latter often being associated with stress conditions such as low salinity and solid culture media, amongst others. Nonetheless, the molecular basis underpinning morphotype identity in P. tricornutum remains elusive. Using twelve previously published transcriptomic datasets originating from the three morphotypes of P. tricornutum, we sought to investigate the expression patterns of lncRNAs (lincRNAs and NATs) in these distinct morphotypes, using pairwise comparisons, in order to explore the putative involvement of these noncoding molecules in morphotype identity. We found that differentially expressed lncRNAs cluster according to morphotype, indicating that lncRNAs are not randomly expressed, but rather seem to provide a specific (noncoding) transcriptomic signature of the morphotype. We also present evidence to suggest that the major differences in DE genes (both noncoding and coding) between the stress related oval morphotype and the most common fusiform morphotype could be due, to a large extent, to the hyposaline culture conditions rather than to the morphotype itself. However, several lncRNAs associated to each one of the three morphotypes were identified, which could have a potential role in morphotype (or cell) identity in P. tricornutum, similar to what has been found in both animals and plant development.
Concurrent degradation of petroleum sludge and simultaneous rhamnolipid biosurfactant production: An aesthetic bioremediation approach
Authors: Patowary Rupshikha , Rajbongshi Bhagyalakshmi , Devi Arundhuti , Goswami Manisha
Published: January 2023

Petroleum sludge is uncontrollably released in oil field and refineries which can lead to deleterious effect on the environment, as it consists of components of emerging concern such as PAHs, BTEX components, heavy metals, asphaltenes etc. In the present study, a novel bacterium Enterobacter cloacae AR-IASST (01), that have the potential to produce biosurfactant (surface tension reduced to 26.4 mN/m) was utilized to degrade petroleum sludge. A degradation of 86.9% was achieved after 5 days of culture incubation and biosurfactant production was also observed during the degradation process of sludge. In the GC-MS analysis, the peaks numbers reduce from 184 to 13 in the treated sample and complete degradation of PAHs present in the sludge was observed. The biosurfactant was characterized to be rhamnolipid in nature. The biosurfactant exhibited attractive emulsification towards several oils and an E24 of 100% was achieved against crude oil. The biosurfactant was found to be stable over a wide range of temperature, and salt concentration, although it showed sensitivity in high acidic condition. Furthermore, it was found that the bacterial treatment also led to the removal of heavy metals (Ni), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), present in the sludge sample. Thus, the present study reveals that the novel bacterium is very potential and can be widely used for restoration of petroleum sludge contaminated sites in future.
Knowledge of Obstetric Danger Signs and Associated Factors among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Hargeisa Town Health Institutions, Somaliland: A Cross sectional Study
Authors: Ahmed Abdeta Muktar , Nuh Abdulkadir Mohamed , Hassan Hamse Khalif
Published: January 2023

Introduction: - Maternal mortality is inadmissibly high. About two hundred ninety five thousand mothers lost their life due to pregnancy, delivery and their consequences in 2017 worldwide, in which Sub-Saharan Africa only comprised for about two-thirds of the losses. Inadequate knowledge regarding obstetrics danger signs among mothers and families in poor resource countries is among chief contributing factors for death of mothers. Little is known about the current knowledge of Obstetrics danger signs and influencing factors in Hargeisa, Somaliland.
Objective: - To assess the level of knowledge of obstetrics danger signs and associated factors among pregnant women attending ANC in Hargeisa town health institutions, Somaliland.
Methods and Materials: - Facility based cross sectional study design was used to collect data, among 222 pregnant women attending ANC in selected MCHs in Hargeisa town, Somaliland, July 2022. Eight MCHs were selected by simple random sampling. The sample size was proportionally allocated the selected MCHs based on the number previous month ANC attendees. Systematic random sampling was employed to approach study subjects. A pretested structured interviewer administered questionnaire used to collect the data. Data were checked, cleaned, entered and analyzed using SPSS V. 25. Bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed.
Results: - A total of 222 pregnant women were participated in the study, with 100% response rate. Only 25.3% were knowledgeable about obstetrics danger signs. Educational status of the women and spouse, access to media, health educations given, and place of birth were significantly associated with knowledge of obstetrics danger signs among pregnant women attending ANC in health institutions in Hargeisa. Vaginal bleeding was most frequently mentioned obstetrics danger sign.
Conclusion: - Large proportion of mothers were not knowledgeable about obstetrics danger signs. These mothers are more likely to delay in deciding to seek care. Increasing knowledge or awareness of key obstetrics danger signs need to be given focus as it makes women and their families ready for prompt and appropriate decisions and measures if obstetrics dangers occur.
Plasma Torch Height Tracking Based on Rolling Grey Prediction
Authors: Kye Yong Sik , Choe Yun-Sik , Song Sung Chol , Paek MYong Guk , Ju Gun Sik
Published: January 2023

Among the parameters influencing plasma arc cutting, arc current, cutting speed, and plasma torch height act as the main factors. Especially to maintaining the plasma torch height during plasma cutting process is important. Plasma torch height control system consists of a plasma arc sensing, controller, prediction and stepping motor control system of plasma torch height. To improve the accuracy of plasma torch height control, a height control algorithm based on rolling grey prediction model was proposed and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and method was verified through computer simulation and experiments.
Comparing sweet potato chloroplast genome and mitochondrial genome reveals organelle gene transfer
Authors: li Guoliang , zhang hong , lin zhaomiao , li huawei , xu guochun , xu yongqing , ji rongchang , luo wenbin , qiu yongxiang , qiu sixin , tang hao
Published: January 2023

The increasing number of plant mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) sequenced reveals the extent of transfer from both chloroplast (cpDNA) and nuclear genomes (nDNA). This study created a library and assembled the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes of the leafy sweet potato Fucaishu18 better to understand the extent of mitochondrial and chloroplast gene transfer. The full-length chloroplast genome of Fucaishu18 (OM808940) is 161387 bp, with 132 genes annotated, including 87 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The mitochondrial genome (OM808941) was 269578 bp in length and contained 70 functional genes, including 41 protein-coding genes, 6 rRNA genes, and 24 tRNA genes. 68 SSR loci were found in the leafy sweet potato organelle genome, including 54 in the chloroplast genome and 14 in the mitochondria genome. In the sweet potato mitochondrial genome, most genes have RNA editing sites, and the conversion ratio from hydrophilic amino acids to hydrophobic amino acids is the highest, reaching 47.12%. Horizontal transfer occurs in the sweet potato organelle genome; 40 mitochondrial genome segments share high homology with 14 chloroplast genome segments, 33 of which may be derived from chloroplast genome horizontal transfer. The phylogenetic analysis of organelle genes revealed that the leafy sweet potato was closely related to the tetraploid wild species Ipomoea tabascana and the wild diploid species Ipomoea trifida.
Electrochemical Sensing Based on Au particle@SiO2@CQDs Nanocomposites
Authors: Li Huiqin , Huang Fan , Wu Lihua , Lei Hui , Ren Lijun , Zhang Hongge , Deng Cui
Published: January 2023

In this study, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) were first synthesized using a hydrothermal method, and then Au@SiO2 core-shell nanomaterials were synthesized using layer-by-layer assembly. CQDs were adsorbed on the surface of Au@SiO2 nanoparticles through self-assembly to form Au@SiO2@CQDs nanocomposite materials. Transmission electron microscopyand X-ray diffraction were used to characterize the size, shape, element composition, and structure of nanocomposites; ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy were used to analyze the optical properties of nanocomposites. The results show that Au@SiO2@CQDs nanomaterials have a core-shell structure with good morphology and exhibit excellent luminescence characteristics. The electrochemical performance of nanocomposites was characterized using electrochemical means, and a hydrogen peroxide sensor was constructed for the sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide, thus realizing the rapid and sensitive detection of hydrogen peroxide at levels as low as 0.2 mM.
Haemoglobin diagnostic cut-offs for anaemia in Indian women of reproductive age
Authors: Ghosh Santu , Palika Ravindranadh , Dasi Teena , Varshney Rajeev , Prasannanavar Devraj , Gupta Sourav , Chitikineni Annapurna , Banjara Santosh , Pullakhandam Raghu , Thomas Tinku , Sachdev Harshpal , Kurpad Anura , Kulkarni Bharati
Published: January 2023

Background
The persistent high prevalence of anaemia among Indian women of reproductive age (WRA) despite aggressive long-term iron supplementation, could be related to over-diagnosis from an inappropriately high haemoglobin (Hb) diagnostic cut-off. To develop an appropriate cut-off for Indian WRA, we hypothesized that during iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation to a mixed (anaemic/non-anaemic) WRA population, the positive slope of the Hb-plasma ferritin (PF) response in anaemic women would inflect into a plateau (zero-response) as a non-anaemic status is reached. The 2·5th percentile of the Hb distribution at this inflection point will be the diagnostic Hb cut-off for iron-responsive anaemia.
Method
A hierarchical mixed effects model, with a polynomial mean and variance model to account for intraclass correlation due to repeated measures, was used to estimate the response curve of Hb to PF, or body iron stores (BIS), in anaemic and non-anaemic WRA (without inflammation), who were receiving a 90-day iron-folic acid (IFA) supplementation.
Results
The Hb response curve at low PF values showed a steep increase, which inflected into a plateau at a PF of 10.1 µg/L. The Hb distribution at the inflection was a normal probability distribution, with mean of 12·3 g/dL. The 2·5th percentile value of this distribution, orthe putative diagnostic Hb cut-off for anaemia, was 10·8 g/dL.
Conclusion
The derived Hb cut-off is lower than the current adult values of 12 g/dL and could partly explain the persistently high prevalence of iron deficiency and anaemia.
Activation of AMPK Ameliorates Acute Severe Pancreatitis by Suppressing Pancreatic Acinar Cell Necroptosis in Obese Mice Models
Authors: Yang Zhiyong , Wang Kunlei , Zhao Anbang , Tayier Dilinigeer , Tan Kai , Song Wenjing , Cheng Qian , Li Xinyin , Chen Zhinan , Wei Qifeng , Yuan Yufeng
Published: January 2023

Obese people with acute pancreatitis(AP) have an increased risk of developing severe acute pancreatitis (SAP), which prolongs the length of hospital stay and increases mortality. Thus, elucidation of the mechanisms through which severe acute pancreatitis occurs in obese individuals will provide clues for possible treatment targets. Differences in early events in obese or lean patients with acute pancreatitis have not been conclusively reported. We selected C57BL/6 mice as lean mice models, ob/ob mice or diet induced obese (DIO) mice as obese mice models and then induced experimental AP in mice via injections of caerulein. There were suppressed p-AMPK expressions in the pancreas of obese mice, compared with same age lean C57BL/6 mice, which were further reduced in AP mice models. Obese AP mice were treated using AICAR, a direct AMPK agonist, which prevented pancreatic damage and cell death, suppressed pancreatic enzyme levels in serum, reduced the areas of fat saponification in the peritoneal cavity, prevented injury in other organs and decreased mice mortality rate. Further assays showed that AICAR activates p-AMPK to stabilize pro-caspase-8. Pro-caspase-8 enhances RIPK3 degradation, inhibits pancreatic acinar cell necroptosis and downregulates the release of pancreatic enzymes. Thus, activation of AMPK by AICAR alleviates pancreatic acinar cell necroptosis and converts SAP to mild acute pancreatitis (MAP) in obese mice.
The Study on the effect of Hydrodynamic flow on the photocatalytic performance of Photocatalytic reactors
Authors: Sundar Kaviya Piriyah , Sellapa Kanmani , Venkatesan Mahalakshmi Nainangkuppam
Published: January 2023

The scalability of photocatalytic reactor is the major challenge due to the inability of the light penetration when the laboratory scale reactors are ascended. It is well known that characteristic length of photocatalytic reactor is one of the influential parameters determining the efficiency of light penetration and also affects the hydrodynamic fluid flow behavior inside the reactor. This study visualizes hydrodynamic flow behavior of three differently configured photocatalytic reactors through numerical simulation of the fluid mass transport inside the reactors. The three photocatalytic reactors are 1. Concentric cylindrical glass tube micro-reactor (CGTR), 2. UV-LED strip photocatalytic reactor (STR) and 3. Classical annular reactor (CAR) from our previous work. The simulations of flow behavior confirmed that CGTR exhibited plug flow regime, STR exhibited arbitrary flow (in-between continuously stirred tank reactor and plug flow reactor) and CAR behaved like continuously stirred tank reactor. Also interpretations of numerical modelling were validated through plotting experimental residence time distribution curve. Further, the comparison of performance parameters revealed that the highest modified Space Time Yield (STYmodified) 225 s− 1and highest modified Photocatalytic Space Time Yield (PSTYmodified) 9.375 s− 1/kW/m3 was obtained for plug flow reactor when compared to continuously stirred tank reactor (CAR) and arbitrary flow reactor (STR). The study confirms that decrease in characteristic length of photocatalytic reactor onsets plug flow regime, which has highest photocatalytic performance efficiency.
Torsional vibration characteristics analysis and adaptive fixed-time control of wind turbine drivetrain
Authors: Yang Jianxiang , Zhou Feihang , Hou Zhicheng
Published: January 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Heimdall, an alternative protein issued from a ncRNA related to kappa light chain variable region of immunoglobulins from astrocytes
: a new player in neural proteome
Authors: Capuz Alice , Osien Sylvain , Tristan Cardon , karnoub Melodie , Aboulouard Soulaimane , Romero Antonella Raffo , Duhamel Marie , Cizkova Dasa , Trerotola Marco , Devos David , Kobaissy Firas , Abeele Fabien Vanden , Bonnefond Amelie , Fournier Isabelle , Rodet Franck , Salzet Michel
Published: January 2023

The dogma “One gene, one protein” is clearly obsolete since cells use alternative splicing and generate multiple transcripts which are translated into protein isoforms, but also use alternative translation initiation sites and termination sites on a given transcripts. Alternative open reading frames for individual transcripts give proteins (the alternative Proteins: AltProts) originate from the 5'- and 3'- UTR mRNA regions, frameshifts of mRNA ORFs or from non-coding RNAs. To gain insight into the role of these newly identified alternative proteins in the regulation of cellular functions, it is crucial to assess their dynamic modulation within a framework of altered physiological modifications such as experimental spinal cord injury (SCI). Here, we carried out a longitudinal proteomic study on rat SCI from 12h to 10 days. Based on AltProt predictions, it was possible to identify a plethora of newly predicted protein hits. Among these proteins, some presented a special interest due to high homology with variable chain regions of immunoglobulins. We focus our interest on the one related to Kappa variable light chains which is similarly highly produced by B-cells in the Bence jones disease, but here expressed in astrocytes. This protein, name Heimdall is an Intrinsically disordered protein which is secreted under inflammatory conditions. Immunoprecipitation experiments showed that the Heimdall interactome contained proteins related to astrocyte fate keepers such as “NOTCH1, EPHA3, IPO13”. However, when Heimdall protein was neutralized utilizing a specific antibody or its gene knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9, sprouting elongations were observed in the corresponding astrocytes. Interestingly, depolarization assays and intracellular calcium measurements in Heimdall KO, established a depolarization effect on astrocyte membranes KO cells impacting the astrocyte phenotype sustained by the decrease of NOTCH2. Taken together, Heimdall is a novel neural key player involved in astrocytes gatekeeper phenotype.
timsTOF mass spectrometry-based immunopeptidomics refines tumor antigen identification
Authors: Gravel Naomi Hoenisch , Nelde Annika , Bauer Jens , Mühlenbruch Lena , Schroeder Sarah , Neidert Marian , Scheid Jonas , Lemke Steffen , Dubbelaar Marissa , Wacker Marcel , Dengler Anna , Klein Reinhild , Mauz Paul-Stefan , Löwenheim Hubert , Hauri-Hohl Mathias , Martin Roland , Hennenlotter Jörg , Stenzl Arnulf , Heitmann Jonas , Salih Helmut , Rammensee Hans-Georg , Walz Juliane
Published: January 2023

T cell recognition of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-presented tumor-associated peptides is central for cancer immune surveillance. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based immunopeptidomics represents the only unbiased method for the direct identification and characterization of naturally presented tumor-associated peptides, a key prerequisite for the development of T cell-based immunotherapies. This study reports on the de novo implementation of ion mobility separation-based timsTOF MS for next-generation immunopeptidomics, enabling high-speed and sensitive detection of HLA-presented peptides. A direct comparison of timsTOF-based with state-of-the-art immunopeptidomics using orbitrap technology showed significantly increased HLA peptide identifications from benign and malignant primary samples of solid tissue and hematological origin. First application of timsTOF-based immunopeptidomics for tumor antigen discovery enabled (i) the expansion of benign reference immunopeptidome databases with > 150,000 HLA-presented peptides from 94 primary benign tissue samples, (ii) the refinement of previously described tumor antigens, and (iii) the identification of a vast array of novel tumor antigens, comprising low abundant neoepitopes, that might serve as targets for future cancer immunotherapy development.