bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of cutting face profile angle upon shear deformation degree
Authors: Ямников Александр , Yamnikov Aleksandr , Волков Дмитрий , Volkov Dmitry
Published: January 2018

It is established that cutting with gear-cutting and thread-cutting tools is not free that results in the increase of loading upon tool tips and their quick wear. The layers of metal cut are subjected to considerable shear deformation and also to other kinds of deformation. In this connection the wear character of a tool and its properties will change. There is considered a process of chip removal by trapezoidal and triangular cutters (as in case of metal cutting off with teeth of a hob may be used not three but two tool tips) and the impact of a cutting face profile angle upon a shear deformation degree is also considered. There are shown analytical dependences for the definition of angles of a chip flow, a relative shear, a deformation degree of a shear and a value of tangential stresses in the cutting area taking into account the influence of the strength of material machined, width and thickness of a layer cut and a friction factor. The dependences are checked up at cutting with a trapezoidal cutter.
Hepatorenal Syndrome
Authors: Shredi Abdussalam , Suchartlikitwong Sakolwan , Edriss Hawa
Published: January 2018

Hepatorenal syndrome is a form of acute kidney injury that occurs in chronic liver diseaseand acute fulminant liver failure. This syndrome features a rapid progressive decline in renalfunction in the absence of other obvious causes of renal dysfunction. The pathophysiologyof this syndrome is still not completely understood, and several mechanisms have beenproposed to explain its pathogenesis. The characteristic feature of hepatorenal syndrome isintense renal vasoconstriction. The local production of vasodilator substances as a result ofportal hypertension have a central role in the pathogenesis of the hepatorenal syndrome asthey lead to splanchnic pooling and decreased effective systemic arterial plasma volume andrenal vasoconstriction. Hepatorenal syndrome is a diagnosis of exclusion and is considered achallenging medical condition in both diagnosis and treatment as it is associated with a poorprognosis. This article will review the two main hypotheses about the pathogenesis, diagnosticcriteria, and treatment approaches to the hepatorenal syndrome.
Informational Shocks, Off-Label Prescribing, and the Effects of Physician Detailing
Authors: Shapiro Bradley T.
Published: January 2018

The relationship between pharmaceutical detailing and prescriptions for non-FDA-approved (off-label) use has been the subject of regulatory scrutiny, with more than $12 billion in regulatory settlements for off-label promotion since 2004. Using the case of AstraZeneca’s antipsychotic drug, Seroquel, I study the extent to which off-label prescriptions are caused by detailing. Using a physician panel that connects detailing exposure to medical charts, I exploit within-physician variation to identify detailing effects. I find the effect of detailing on off-label prescriptions is small in both absolute and relative terms. Detailing on net tilts the prescribing distribution toward on-label.

This paper was accepted by Eric Anderson, marketing.
Two-Dimensional Approximate Godunov Scheme and What It Means For Continuum Pedestrian Flow Models
Authors: van Wageningen-Kessels Femke , Daamen Winnie , Hoogendoorn Serge P.
Published: January 2018

An efficient simulation method for two-dimensional continuum pedestrian flow models is introduced. It is a two-dimensional adaptation of the Godunov scheme for one-dimensional road traffic flow models. It is further extended to include multiple classes, representing groups of pedestrians with different behavior, origin, and destination. The method can be applied to continuum pedestrian flow models in a wide range of applications from the design of train stations and other travel hubs to the study of crowd behavior and safety at sports, religious, and cultural events. The combination of the efficient simulation method with continuum models enables the user to get simulation results much quicker than before. This opens doors to real-time crowd control and to more advanced optimization of planning and control. Test results show the importance of choosing appropriate numerical settings, including grid cell and time step size for realistic simulation results.
Preliminary results of an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip instability in down syndrome
Authors: Maranho D. A. , Kim Y.-J. , Williams K. A. , Novais E. N.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

To investigate the outcomes of an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy for the treatment of hip instability in skeletally immature patients with Down syndrome.

Methods

We evaluated 16 patients (21 hips) with Down syndrome and hip instability who underwent an anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy between 2007 and 2016. There were nine females and seven males with an average age of 7.4 years SD 2.0. We assessed the level of hip pain, gait ability and clinical stability at a minimum of one year after surgery. Radiographic evaluation included pre- and postoperative lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA), Tönnis acetabular angle and extrusion index.

Result

After an average follow-up of 4.1 years SD 2.6, 20 of 21 hips (95%) remained clinically stable. In all, 12 of 16 (75%) patients had a full gait without a major limp, but three patients (19%) had a persistent limp. Of the 21 procedures, one hip (5%) was considered a failure due to persistent instability. There was a mean increase of 18.3º SD 15.3º of the LCEA (p < 0.001); a mean decrease of 15.2º SD 11.6º (p < 0.001) for the Tönnis angle and the extrusion index had a mean decrease of 0.27 SD 0.20 (p < 0.001). The most common complications were minor and included nonunion of the pubis or ischium (24%) and stress fractures of the pubis and ischium (14%). Only one patient required unplanned surgery for the treatment of an infection; which was considered a major complication.

Conclusion

The anteverting triple periacetabular osteotomy provided global deformity correction and achieved hip stability in 95% of the hips after a mean follow-up of 4.1 years.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic level IV.
Pendidikan Islam dan Kemajuan Sains: Historisitas Pendidikan Islam yang Mencerahkan
Authors: Masduki Masduki
Published: January 2018

Islamic education-both as an institution and subject in public schools-currentlyfacing the serious and complicated challenge, for example the uncertainty ofdichotomiousparadigm. This uncertainty appears influenced strongly by theparadigm of thinking that tends to dualistic-confrontative. A paradigm thatdistinguishes the two things that seem diametrically opposed and potentially causeconflict. In Islamic education discourse, known terminology such as religiouseducation and general education, traditional and modern education, mundane andhereafter education, and so on. So it has an impact on the discussion of the materialon Islamic education that tends to ignore the matters of the mundane, such asscience and technology –that ever mastered by muslims in the heyday of Islamaswell as another matters that actually if we examine the Qur’an as theologicalfoundation, Muslims talk a lot about the cosmology and universality. The newdiscoveries in the field of genetics as a new challenge for the Islamic educationthat still dwell on the issue of teachers professionalism, teaching methodology andfacilities..
Cultivating Cultural Education Values of Islam Nusantara in MA (Islamic Senior High School) Ali Maksum Krapyak
Authors: Widodo Sembodo Ardi
Published: January 2018

This research aims to determine the cultural education values of Islam Nusantara atIslamic Senior High School of Ali Maksum Krapyak Yogyakarta and how those values are taught through education. This researchuses qualitative approach by usingdata collection technique through observation, interviews, and documentation. The process of analysis data used is qualitative. The results of this study show that Islam Nusantara is an Islamic style of Indonesia, a combination of Islamic theological values with the local traditions, culture and customs. There are three pillars in Islam Nusantara, there arethought, movement, and 'amaliyya (action) and there are five signs of Islam Nusantara, namely reform (ishlahiyyah), tawazuniyyah, tathawwu'iyyah, akhlaqiyyah (politeness), and tasamuh;The cultural education values of Islam Nusantara in MA Ali Maksum is the value of nationalism, diversity (pluralism), and the value of NU (tasamuh, tawazun, tawasuth); The madrasah activities consist ofMuludan, grave pilgrimage, halal bi halal, Muharroman, haul of the founder (dies natalis), competitions reading kitab kuning(yellow books), etc., that those are the typical product of Islam Nusantara.
The Pesantren Network in Samarinda
Authors: Khojir Khojir
Published: January 2018

The aim of this research is to reveal the model, the consistency, and the implication of pesantren network in Samarinda. This is a qualitative research based on sociology, phenomenology, and educational approach. The research was conducted within the total of 37 pesantren in Samarinda which were chosen based on their geographical sites, genealogical aspect, scientific affinity, as well as their tendency toward certain social organization. The geographical network consists of pesantren in South Kalimantan, South Sulawesi, East Java, Central Java, and Jambi. The result shows that this kind of network bears two forms namely direct genealogy and family relationship. Meanwhile, the network of social organization entails pesantren of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), Muhammadiyah, LDII, Jama’ah Tabligh, and Suffah Hizbullah. Furthermore, the network of scientific affinity comprises language science, physical/martial art, and sanad Al-Qur’an. The model of the pesantren network is established through pesantren alumnae’s journey into new places or by Islamic preaching, alumni empowerment, cadres’ regeneration, and service. The degree of consistency is categorized into three levels, namely, consistent, inconsistent, and modification. This network contributes to the development of pesantren and society in Samarinda.
Practicing Multicultural Education through Religiously Affiliated Schools and Its Implications for Social Change
Authors: Rohman Miftahur , Lessy Zulkipli
Published: January 2018

Abstract

Having varied ethnics, cultures, religions, or faiths, Indonesia is considered a multicultural nation in today’s world. This equity can be dangerous; but also can be advantageous if myriad interests of citizens are able to be nurtured through education, including religious schools. The research was conducted to explore multicultural practices in the State-owned Islamic High School (MAN) 3 and the Catholic High School (SMA) Stella Duce 2 in Yogyakarta Indonesia. Data was gathered via qualitative method by means of comparative study, aiming at seeking similarities and differences on promoting multicultural education values. Findings show similarities of teachers’ attitudes and characteristics as facilitator, accommodator, or assimilator whereas the differences include their leadership role in intrareligious dialog at MAN 3 and dialog leaders at SMA Stella Duce 2. Other issues include diverse understandings of religion and its perceived violence. The research formulates two categories of teacher as being multicultural-intrareligious pluralist and multicultural-intrareligious humanist. It also discusses implications on social change as a result of cultural interchange at those schools.

Keywords: Multiculturalism, Education, Madrasah, Boarding, Social Change

Abstrak

Memiliki variasi etnik, budaya, agama, atau kepercayaan, Indonesia kini dianggap sebagai negara multikultural. Kekayaan ini dapat menjadi bahaya; tetapi juga menjadi keuntungan bilamana perbedaan kepentingan dan kecenderungan ini dapat dipelihara melalui sekolah, termasuk yang bernafaskan agama. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menggali praktek multikultur di MAN 3 dan SMA Stella Duce 2 Yogyakarta Indonesia. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui metode kualitatif dengan cara perbandingan, bertujuan mencari kesamaan dan perbedaan dalam rangka promosi nilai-nilai pendidikan multikultural. Temuan menunjukkan kesamaan sikap dan karakteristik para guru berperan sebagai fasilitator, akomodator, atau asimilator sementara perbedaan mencakup peran mereka sebagai pemandu dialog seagama khususnya di MAN 3 dan pemandu dialog antaragama di SMA Stella Duce 2. Isu-isu lain termasuk beragam pemahaman tentang agama dan agama dipersepsikan sumber kekerasan. Penelitian ini menandai dua kategori guru sebagai pluralis multikultur-seagama dan humanis multikultur-antaragama. Penelitian ini juga mendiskusikan implikasi bagi perubahan sosial sebagai akibat dari pertukaran budaya yang terjadi di kedua sekolah tersebut.

 

Kata Kunci: Multikulturalisme, Pendidikan, Madrasah, Asrama, Perubahan Sosial
Does altitude level of a prior time‐trial modify subsequent exercise performance in hypoxia and associated neuromuscular responses?
Authors: Girard Olivier , Bula Simone , Faiss Raphaël , Brocherie Franck , Millet Guillaume Y. , Millet Grégoire P.
Published: January 2018

We examined the influence of prior time‐trials performed at different altitudes on subsequent exercise in moderate hypoxia and associated cardiometabolic and neuromuscular responses. In normobaric hypoxia (simulated altitude 2000 m; FiO2: 0.163), 10 healthy males performed (1) an incremental test to exhaustion (VO2max_2000) and (2) a test to exhaustion at 80% of the power output associated to VO2max_2000 for a reference time (947 ± 336 sec). Thereafter, two sessions were conducted in a randomized order: a cycle time‐trial corresponding to the reference time (TT1) followed 22 min later (passive rest at 2000 m) by a 6‐min cycle time‐trial (TT2). TT1 was either performed at 2000 or 3500 m (FiO2: 0.135), while TT2 was always performed at 2000 m. As expected, during TT1, the mean power output (247 ± 42 vs. 227 ± 37 W; P < 0.001) was higher at 2000 than 3500 m. During TT2, the mean power output (256 ± 42 vs. 252 ± 36 W) did not differ between conditions. Before and after TT1, maximal isometric voluntary contraction torque in knee extensors (pooled conditions: −7.9 ± 8.4%; P < 0.01), voluntary activation (−4.1 ± 3.1%; P < 0.05), and indices of muscle contractility (peak twitch torque: −39.1 ± 11.9%; doublet torques at 100 Hz: −15.4 ± 8.9%; 10/100 Hz ratio: −25.8 ± 7.7%; all P < 0.001) were equally reduced at 2000 m or 3500 m. Irrespective of the altitude of TT1, neuromuscular function remained similarly depressed after TT1 both before and after TT2 at 2000 m. A prior time‐trial performed at different altitude influenced to the same extent performance and associated cardiometabolic and neuromuscular responses during a subsequent exercise in moderate hypoxia.
Changes in the incidence of intestinal giardiosis in Mexican population during five years (2011-2015)
Authors: Ibáñez-Cervantes Gabriela , León-Ávila Gloria , Bello-López Juan Manuel , Pérez-Rangel Armando , León-García Gregorio , Nogueda-Torres Benjamín , Hernández José Manuel
Published: January 2018

Giardiosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoanGiardia intestinalis, which is distributed worldwide. Most of the data on the prevalence of giardiosis in Mexico comes from research, but it is also necessary to study the data provided by the Mexican Health Ministry and issued by the General Directorate of Epidemiology. The aim of this work was analyse the national surveillance data for human giardiosis in order to update the epidemiological data of this disease in Mexico. A retrospective observational analysis of giardiosis (from January 2011 to December 2015) was performed in the annual reports emitted by the GDE in Mexico. The cases were classified by year, state, age group, gender and seasons of the year. During the period of 2011–2015, a reduction of 38.51% was observed in the total number of new cases of giardiosis reported in the whole country The states of Sinaloa, Yucatan, and Chiapas presented the highest number of new cases reported during the analysed period. Giardiosis rates were always higher among women in all age groups, but the maximum incidence was observed in both sexes in the age group of 1–4 years old (the most susceptible group). On the other hand, the number of cases increased dramatically in southern states during warmer months. Giardiosis is influenced by ambient temperature changes along the year, although this study suggests that tends to decrease in all the analysed states and could be related to the overall improvement of hygienic practices within the Mexican population,
Contamination of swimming pools and hot tubs biofilms with Acanthamoeba
Authors: Poor Behroz Mahdavi , Dalimi Abdolhossein , Ghafarifar Fatemeh , Khoshzaban Fariba , Abdolalizadeh Jalal
Published: January 2018

The members of Acanthamoeba genus are ubiquitous amoeba which could be a pathogenic parasite. The amoeba is resistant to the common chlorine concentration that used for disinfecting the swimming pool water. Therefore, the pools can be suitable environments for the survival and multiplication of the amoeba. In this cross sectional study, 10 indoor recreational water centers from different regions of Tabriz city were selected and sampling was done from fixed and floating biofilms of the swimming pools and hot tubs. The samples were cultured and monitored for the presence of amoeba cyst or trophozoite. For molecular identification of Acanthamoeba, PCR (polymerase chain reaction) and sequencing were conducted based on genus specific fragment of 18S ribosomal DNA (Rns). Acanthamoeba contamination was observed in 6 centers of 10 recreational centers. Based on the amoeba isolation from fixed and floating biofilms, 2 (20%) swimming pools, and 5 (50%) hot tubs were contaminated. Based on the type of the sample, the highest contamination was found in the hot tub water (40%) and the least was found in the swimming pools water (10%) and fixed biofilms of the swimming pools (10%). Out of 8 isolates, 5 (62.5%) were shown expected product in PCR amplification. Sequence analysis showed that Acanthamoeba isolates belonged to the T3 and T4 genotypes. The study revealed a high degree of contamination in the indoor recreational water centers in Tabriz city. So, it is essential to pay closer attention to the hygiene of swimming pools and hot tubs.
A Note on Cohabitation and Marriage
Authors: Jelnov Artyom , Jelnov Pavel
Published: January 2018

Why do some couples marry, while others prefer cohabitation? The proposed model does not assume utility differences between these two states but assumes separation frictions in marriage and not in cohabitation. We show that high expectations from the relationship lead to marriage even though the utility is drawn from the same distribution as in cohabitation. Moreover, mutual agreement on marriage may take place when the expected utility in partnership is both a private and a common knowledge, although for different sets of expected utility values. Surprisingly, when the expected utility is relatively low, marriage may take place only in the common knowledge environment.
The encoding of motion events in football and cycling live text commentary: A corpus linguistic analysis
Authors: Meier Simon , Thiering Martin
Published: January 2018

Based on large annotated corpora of German live commentary reports on football games and cycling races, this paper analyses the varying linguistic means of encoding motion from the perspective of cognitive semantics. We start from the observation that in football adpositional constructions in the accusative case with directional meaning prevail, e.g. in den Strafraum (‘into the box’). As opposed to football, in cycling text commentaries motion tends to be encoded by adpositional constructions in the dative case with locative meaning, e.g. an der Spitze des Hauptfeldes (‘at the top of the peloton’). We argue that in cycle racing motion is usually profiled as position. These findings can be explained with regard to the different perspectives taken by the camera that allow the spectators to take vectorial, hodological or birds-eye-perspectives on the actual event. Hence, the conveyed images induce different viewing arrangements as is known from cognitive semantics’ stage analogy. These arrangements are reflected linguistically in specific construals presenting the ways of conceiving the various frames of moving actors in football games and cycling races.
Synthesis of new 3H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-diones via the tandem intramolecular Pinner/Dimroth rearrangement
Authors: Karimi Nasrin , Davoodnia Abolghasem , Pordel Mehdi
Published: January 2018

The reaction of 2-amino-4-aryl-7,7-dimethyl-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitriles with excess aliphatic carboxylic acids in the presence of phosphoryl chloride (POCl3) afforded new 2-alkyl-5-aryl-8,8-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-3H-chromeno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-4,6(5H,7H)-diones in high yields. The suggested mechanism involves a tandem intramolecular Pinner/Dimroth rearrangement. The synthesized compounds were characterized by infrared (IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR), carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) and elemental analysis.
Evaluation of Partial Discharge Signatures Using Inductive Coupling at On-Site Measuring for Instrument Transformers
Authors: Aguiar do Nascimento Douglas , Iano Yuzo , Loschi Hermes José , de Sousa Ferreira Luiz Antonio , Rossi José Antônio Donizete , Duarte Pessoa Clayton
Published: January 2018

This paper describes the use of conventional and unconventional partial discharge tests by capacitive and inductive coupling in Instrument Transformers (IT). The objective of this work was to evaluate Phase-Resolveld Partial Discharge (PRPD) signatures features obtained during on-site (online) and laboratory (offline) measurements, by comparing results with state-of-the-art patterns and standard recommendations. The analysis of the results showed that is possible to obtain partial discharge (PD) patterns - corona, background noise, internal PD, free potential and surface PD - at on-site measurements but those are compromised by the pulse attenuation, difficulties in performing measuring system calibration and the absence of reference voltage. Suitable range of on-site measuring was above 1 MHz up to 5 MHz. The results reached in on-site measuring can be used as image preprocessing methodology to perform automatic pattern recognition of partial discharge signature. It is also described the parameterization of the HFCT for different frequency filter values though carrying out HFCT parameterization for different types of high voltage equipment was not objective of this work.
Modeling Drying Properties of Pistachio Nuts, Squash and Cantaloupe Seeds under Fixed and Fluidized Bed Using Data-Driven Models and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Kaveh Mohammad , Chayjan Reza Amiri , Khezri Behrooz
Published: January 2018

This paper presents the application of feed forward and cascade forward neural networks to model the non-linear behavior of pistachio nut, squash and cantaloupe seeds during drying process. The performance of the feed forward and cascade forward ANNs was compared with those of nonlinear and linear regression models using statistical indices, namely mean square error (

M
S
E

$MSE$

), mean absolute error (

M
A
E

$MAE$

), standard deviation of mean absolute error (SDMAE
) and the correlation coefficient (

R
2

${R^2}$

). The best neural network feed forward back-propagation topology for the prediction of effective moisture diffusivity and energy consumption were 3-3-4-2 with the training algorithm of Levenberg-Marquardt (LM). This structure is capable to predict effective moisture diffusivity and specific energy consumption with

R
2

${R^2}$

= 0.9677 and 0.9716, respectively and mean-square error (

M
S
E

$MSE$

) of 0.00014. Also the highest

R
2

${R^2}$

values to predict the drying rate and moisture ratio were 0.9872 and 0.9944 respectively.
On Love, Women, and Friendship: Reading Nietzsche with Irigaray
Authors: Verkerk Willow
Published: January 2018

This essay examines Nietzsche’s accounts of love and the gender troubles of friendship. In many passages, Nietzsche situates love as an impairment to friendship. In particular, he believes that erotic or sexual love, understood as a drive that seeks to possess and control the other, prevents two people from entering into the shared project of friendship. Nietzsche implies that gender roles, and the cultural expectations associated with these types, make friendship very difficult between women and men. The reason why women in Nietzsche’s account cannot move from love relationships into friendship is because they are primarily esteemed for their fulfillment of gender stereotypes. In order to avoid the perils of assimilation, pointed to by Nietzsche, it is imperative to develop an ethics of friendship that changes the way people approach and love one another. Luce Irigaray present such an alternative with her account of wonder. She argues that recognition requires a negative movement in which one acknowledges one’s limits in understanding the other. Irigaray designates a transformative and activist potential to love, as a benefit to friendship in its erotic and practical qualities. She claims that when love is expressed alongside the passion of wonder there is a stronger potential for recognition between two people. With the assistance of Irigaray, this essay questions Nietzsche’s assessment that love is an impasse to friendship by asking if love need be as assimilating as Nietzsche proposes.
Treatment and reclamation of hydrocarbon-bearing oily wastewater as a hazardous pollutant by different processes and technologies: a state-of-the-art review
Authors: Kundu Partha , Mishra Indra M.
Published: January 2018

Hydrocarbon-containing oily wastewater generated by various industries creates a major environmental problem all over the world since petroleum products are commonly used as energy sources and raw materials in various industries. In case of offshore/coastal oil recovery operations, produced water is discharged through either shore side outfalls or coastal rim releases. In many cases, current disposal practices leads to severe environmental pollution by contamination of petroleum hydrocarbon to the surface, ground, and coastal waterways. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the performance of various processes for the recovery of petroleum hydrocarbons from wastewater. In this paper, a detailed review on the different separation/treatment processes of oily wastewater is presented. Previous and recent research works are reviewed in the area of oil-water separation from wastewater and also highlight the new developments in these areas. Various separation processes and technologies such as gravity separation, flotation process, membrane process, adsorption process, biological treatment, freeze/thaw process, and photocatalytic oxidation process (PoPs)/advanced oxidation processes (AoPs) are discussed and reviewed. The adsorption properties of a wide variety of porous sorbent materials in oily wastewater treatment, particularly in the area of oil spill cleanup, are also reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of each process are critically discussed and compared.
Bloggen, Twittern, Posten und Co.
Authors: Klemm Michael
Published: January 2018

Social Media have changed the way we communicate privately or professionally. So the users have to understand the structures and specific conditions, the ›logics‹ and ›ideologies‹ of these new communication frameworks, they have to learn new rhetorical skills. On the other hand the users themselves develop and transform these media permanently in a creative way, as a part of their own media culture. This paper discusses various forms and requirements of ›Social Media Rhetorics‹ between persistence and dynamics, between accomodation and innovation - especially concerning Weblogs, Twitter, Facebook, YouTube and other phenomena as e.g. so called ›memes‹.
Powerpoint und das Pathos digitaler Formular- Rhetorik
Authors: Hagen Wolfgang
Published: January 2018

The essay will discuss how PowerPoint historically emerged (at the turn of the 1980ies) from the mission statement towards the (back then brand new) Graphical User Interface that would provide a new machine/man metaphor called »Private Computer«. Therein was expressed, as the lecture argues, the self-presentation of a locally bound and fast growing corporate economic culture called »Silicon Valley« represented in its own diagrammatical schemes. The immanent rhetoric of the software - developed under the (much more appropriate) name »Presenter« - unwillingly disrupts the digital brilliance of the computer interface in reinforcing it at the same time - a Silicon Valley style of making progress. However, the disclosure of PowerPoint rhetorics as classical formulaic rhetoric shows the boundaries in which the program can be of only limited use. This mixture between a classical old rhetorical style and the build-in-hope of a fantastical new future might explain why a quarter of a century and ten software versions later Powerpoint has become so overwhelmingly popular (used on more than one billion computers), while at the same time mutated into one of the most scandalous bugbears of the digital.
Mercury Cyanamide / Carbodiimide Networks: Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Hg2(NCN)Cl2 and Hg3(NCN)2Cl2
Authors: Liu Xiaohui , Dronskowski Richard
Published: January 2018

We report about the synthesis and crystal structure determination of Hg2(NCN)Cl2 (P21/c (No. 14), Z = 4, a = 806.7(1), b = 907.1(2), c = 788.0(1) pm, β = 106.446(3)°, 1374 independent reflections, 67 variables, R1 = 0.0463) and Hg3(NCN)2Cl2 (Pca21 (No. 29), Z = 4, a = 702.0(2), b = 1078.5(2), c = 1050.3(2) pm, 1977 independent reflections, 71 variables, R1 = 0.0380). Both compounds contain infinite -Hg-NCN-Hg- zigzag chains which are linked by additional Hg atoms to result in two-dimensional frameworks characterized by 20-membered rings sharing edges. The remarkably flexible structural backbone [Hg3(NCN)2]2+ hosts additional Cl! anions and HgCl2 molecules in Hg2(NCN)Cl2 but only Cl- anions in Hg3(NCN)2Cl2, by that reaching a high packing efficiency in both cases.While Hg2(NCN)Cl2 exclusively contains carbodiimide N=C=N2- species, Hg3(NCN)2Cl2 is the first structural example of an inorganic network built up from both carbodiimide N=C=N2- and cyanamide N-C≡N2- groups.
2-Alkyl-3,4-dihydroxy-5-hydroxymethylpyridine Derivatives: New Natural Vitamin B6 Analogues from a Terrestrial Streptomyces sp.
Authors: Maskey Rajendra P. , Huth Felix , Grün-Wollny Iris , Laatsch Hartmut
Published: January 2018

The ethyl acetate extract of the strain Streptomyces sp. GW23/1540 has yielded four new 2-alkyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyridine-3,4-diols, 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isopropyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1a), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-propyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1b), 2-sec-butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1c), and 5-hydroxymethyl-2-isobutyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1d). Similarly, the strain Streptomyces sp. GW63/1571 afforded 2-sec-butyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyridine-3,4-diol (1c) and another new natural product, (3aS, 7aR)-3a-hydroxy-3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-1-benzofuran-2(3H)-on e (3), together with anthranilic acid, anthranilamide, and phenylacetamide. The new natural products were inactive against three micro algae, the fungus Mucor miehei, the yeast Candida albicans, and the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Streptomyces viridochromogenes.
Crystal Structure of and ab initio Calculations on [(C6H5)(CH3)CH-NH]- P(O)(p-OC6H4CH3)2, Syntheses and Spectroscopic Characterization of N-Benzyl Phosphoramidic Acid (4-Methylphenyl)ester Derivatives
Authors: Gholivand Khodayar , Shariatinia Zahra , Pourayoubi Mehrdad
Published: January 2018

Some new N-benzyl phosphoramidic acid (4-methylphenyl)ester derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H, 13C, 31P NMR and IR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The structure of [(C6H5)(CH3)CH-NH]P(O)(p-OC6H4CH3)2 (2) was investigated. This compound exists in polymeric zigzag chains in the crystalline lattice produced by hydrogen bonding built from two alternating independent molecules. NMR data indicate two diastereotopic p-cresol groups as confirmed by Xray crystallography. Ab initio calculations were performed on the geometry of compound 2 at the UHF/6-311G** and B3LYP/6-311G** levels. The optimized structure of each independent molecule contains two different p-cresol groups, in agreement with the experimental results.
Syntheses and Crystal Structures of RE2As4O9 (RE = Nd, Sm): Oxo-Arsenates(III) according to RE4(As2O5)2(As4O8) Exhibiting the Cyclic As4O8
4– Anion
Authors: Hamida Makram Ben , Warns Christin , Wickleder Mathias S.
Published: January 2018

Single crystals of light violet Nd2As4O9 and yellow Sm2As4O9 were obtained from the reactions of the respective lanthanide oxides with As2O3 in a NaCl flux at 850 °C in sealed silica ampoules. According to the structure determination, the triclinic compounds (P1̅, Z = 2, Nd/Sm: a = 686.32(9)/680.92(9), b = 763.06(8)/756.4(1), c = 954.8(1)/951.2(1) pm, α = 96.83(1)°/96.66(2)°, β = 103.78(2)°/103.67(2)°, γ = 104.40(1)°/104.35(2)°, R1 = 0.0184/0.0282 (all data)) have to be formulated as RE4(As2O5)2(As4O8) emphasizing the presence of both As2O5
4− and cyclic As4O8
4− anions. The As4O8
4− anions show Ci symmetry and connect layers of the composition {2
∞[RE2(As2O5)]2}4+ along the [001] direction. The lanthanide ions are in nine- and eightfold coordination, respectively.
Monitoring Shear Strain in Shallow Subsurface Using Mini Pipe Strain Meter for Detecting Potential Threat of Slope Failure
Authors: Tamate Satoshi , Hori Tomohito
Published: January 2018

The following study examines a new soil measurement method to achieve simple and reliable slope monitoring to ensure labor safety. The method measures the increase in shear strain in the shallow subsurface of the slope. The target that is measured in the soil using this method is different from that of the conventional methods, which use extensometers and inclinometers. Although the increase in shear strain in the shallow subsurface is considered negligible, this study discusses the potential application of the measurement for detecting the potential threat of slope failure. A mini pipe strain (MPS) meter was developed to measure shear strain in the shallow subsurface of slopes. A full-scale test model of slope failure was constructed via excavation to examine the detectability of the threat of slope failure using an MPS meter. Corresponding to the development of slip surfaces in deep positions, less than 0.5 % of shear strain in the shallow subsurface is clearly observable. Although the inverse of the shear strain rate (1/ν) showed a drastic decrease prior to failure, the slope did not fail immediately; in addition, creep phenomena was observed. An unstable slope may be considered a stable one because of the lag time prior to failure. Identifying the second or third creep could provide a few minutes for workers to escape. Accordingly, the threat of workers being injured by collapsing soil can be reduced by using the proposed method and sensor.
The Offal Truth
Authors: Young Jake
Published: January 2018

While it is true that offal is not widely consumed in the United States today, this has not always been the case, and organ meat has made a resurgence in haute cuisine. In international cuisine, certain foods that utilize offal, including foie gras, pâté, and sweetbread, have long been considered gourmet. International demand has created a thriving export market for beef by-products, which otherwise would end up as trimmings in processed food or pet food, or rendered into lard or tallow. As global food markets make ever more inroads into once isolated areas, what is eaten out of necessity and what is eaten out of pleasure each takes on an increasingly economic character. The etymology of “offal” itself reveals the dual nature of organ meat as both a food of necessity (a source of inexpensive protein) and a food of luxury (enjoyed as a delicacy). We are used to buying meat from the market in neat little packages that in no way resemble the animals they came from or the bloody process that it took to go from living being to inanimate slab of meat. Offal does not offer this distraction. I recently purchased a beef tongue from the Mizzou Meat Market for a dinner party, and there was no way to ignore that the tongue came from a cow, and the visceral nature of offal reminds us that we, too, are animals.
РОЛЬ РАДИО В ФОРМИРОВАНИИ ITALIANO STANDARD В ПЕРИОД ФАШИСТСКОГО ДВАДЦАТИЛЕТИЯ
Authors: Борисова Елена
Published: January 2018

Из-за позднего политического объединения Италии письменно-литературным итальянским языком, сложившимся на основе литературной формы флорентийского наречия тосканского диалекта, вплоть до 50-х гг. XX в. владели только образованные тосканцы и узкая прослойка образованных людей в других регионах. Неграмотные люди знали только свой ди­алект. Распространение радиовещания в Италии в начале 20-х гг. XXв. совпало с периодом фашистской пропаганды, нацеленной на формирование единого итальянского языка, из ко­торого следовало исключить диалектную вариативность и иностранные заимствования. В статье освещаются основные этапы языковой политики фашистского двадцатилетия – Il Ventennio (1925-1945 гг.) – от толерантного отношения к языковым различиям на тер­ритории Италии к полному их неприятию, а также к регламентированному исключению иностранных слов из итальянского языка. Политические цели – стабилизация внутренних отношений между ведущими политическими группами и народной массой, создание единого сплочённого государства, настроенного против общего врага – способствовали созданию итальянских организаций радиовещания, диктовавших нормы устной речи, которые были закреплены в Справочнике по произношению и орфографии, изданном в 1939 г.. Интересны­ми оказываются причины толерантного отношения к диалектам, проблемы закрепления заимствований в языке и связанные с этим образовательные радиопрограммы периода фа­шизма.
Особенности развития регионального бизнеса в Европе (на примере Бельгии)
Authors: Udovichenko A. I. , Sidorova A.
Published: January 2018

Цель: выявить основные особенности развития малого и среднего бизнеса в Бельгии. Обсуждение: в данной статье рассматривается организация малого и среднего предпринимательства, его преимущества и возможности, а также государственные меры поддержки как федерального, так и регионального уровней. Также особое внимание уделяется частным программам развития и финансовой помощи предприятиям малого и среднего бизнеса. Результаты: проведённое исследование показывает малый и средний бизнес как динамичную сферу, которая занимает важное место в экономике страны.
ИНСТИТУТЫ РАЗВИТИЯ И ИХ ВЛИЯНИЕ НА ИННОВАЦИОННУЮ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СУБЪЕКТОВ В РОССИИ
Authors: Smyshlyaev V. A. , Daineko V. G. , Daineko E. Y. , Yaresko I. I.
Published: January 2018

Цель: уточнить экономическое содержание институтов развития, выделить основные факторы, влияющие на эффективность институтов развития применительно к российской экономике, проанализировать влияние институтов развития на инновационную деятельность экономических субъектов. Обсуждение: рассмотрены основные теоретические положения, касающиеся содержания институтов развития, механизм влияния институтов развития на инновационную деятельность экономических субъектов. Результаты: авторами уточнена сущность институтов развития, предложена классификация основных факторов, влияющих на эффективность функционирования институтов развития, выделены направления влияния институтов развития на инновационную деятельность экономических субъектов.
АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ СОТРУДНИКОВ АГЕНТСТВ НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ
Authors: Lavrinenko Y. B. , Martinova M. A.
Published: January 2018

Цель: определить возможности автоматизации деятельности сотрудников агентств недвижимости в современных экономических условиях. Обсуждение: считаем, что автоматизация деятельности сотрудников – это ключевая задача компании при возрастающем уровне конкуренции и снижения прибыльности на рынке недвижимости. В этой связи особую актуальность приобретает обсуждение проблемных аспектов автоматизации в сфере купли-продажи недвижимости и определении возможных путей их устранения. Результаты: сформулированы рекомендации по автоматизации деятельности сотрудников агентств недвижимости.
Germ-tube experiment v1
Authors: Zeng Qingren
Published: January 2018

Spores budding, called germ tube, Candida albicans germ tube generation test is simple and requires a short time without special instruments and equipment. Therefore, it is a simple and effective diagnostic method in clinical laboratory.
Socially-psychological resource of perfection of educational space
Authors: Krushelnitskaya O.B.
Published: January 2018

The article gives information on the main results of the II All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference with international participation “Social psychology in the educational space”, held in October 2017 at the Moscow State Psychological and Pedagogical University. Present-day trends in the development of social psychology of education are presented, and current trends in research in this subject area are highlighted. The author emphasizes that the development of professional ties between various specialists — school psychologists, teachers, heads of educational institutions, researchers and teachers of higher educational institutions, training teachers and psychologists — is a necessary condition for the effective improvement of the modern educational space.
The new old paradigm of research on social cognition: a monograph on social psychology written by clinical psychologists through the prism of cultural-historical theory
Authors: Kochetkov N.V.
Published: January 2018

In the review of the monograph «Social Cognition as the Highest Psychic Function and Its Development in Ontogenesis», the relevance of the disclosed subject matter is described, the importance of the book’s publication at the present time, in the context of opposition to the natural and humanitarian paradigms in psychological science and the «revisionist revolution» in proficiency is emphasized. In addition, a meaningful description of each section of the book is given, and the main conclusions obtained by the authors are given.
Characteristics of Yoga Practice and Predictors of Practice Frequency
Authors: Ayala Sujata Ghosh , Wallson Kenneth , Birdee Gurjeet
Published: January 2018

Yoga is a globally popular mind-body practice used for health. The objective of this study was to characterize yoga practice and factors associated with frequency of practice. Yoga practitioners were sent invitations via email to participate in an online survey. Yoga characteristics and other sociodemographics were collected. Data from 309 consenting respondents were analyzed for patterns in practice characteristics (yoga techniques, location of practice, method of instruction, teacher status, and yoga type). Associations between characteristics of practice and yoga practice frequency were computed. The following characteristics were then analyzed as predictors of practice frequency in a regression model: location of practice, method of instruction, teacher status, yoga type, and techniques. Most respondents reported use of all three yoga techniques (movements, breathing, and meditation) and practiced an average of 4.5 ± 1.9 days a week. Key characteristics such as location of practice, method of instruction, and frequency significantly differed by teacher status and by yoga type (Viniyoga practitioners vs. other yoga styles). In our regression model, being a yoga teacher, being taught a one-on-one yoga practice by someone else, and regular use of movement were positively associated with increased practice frequency. Our analyses provide insight into how yoga factors such as teacher status, method of instruction, and use of tools relate to practice frequency. Understanding the relationships between practice characteristics and practice frequency may allow for the improved implementation of yoga for health.
Midiendo la calidad de la Acción Humanitaria
Authors: De Currea Lugo Víctor
Published: January 2018

Con la complejización de la acción humanitaria, se plantea el debate sobre lo que se hace y sobre cómo hacerlo mejor. Dentro de estos planteamientos se incluyen debates sobre principios, sobre la creciente profesionalización de lo humanitario, así como sobre aspectos más técnicos y operativos. En el presente artículo se plantean algunos elementos de lo que se denomina la tendencia de mejoramiento de la acción humanitaria, estos elementos se articulan en torno a tres bloques: la revitalización del derecho internacional, el establecimiento de estándares mínimos, y la evaluación y adaptación a un contexto.Publicación en línea: 11 diciembre 2017
La mercantilización del derecho a la salud: patentes farmacéuticas
Authors: Collado Rodríguez Lourdes
Published: January 2018

A pesar de los grandes avances de la medicina del siglo XX, la salud y la calidad de vida de millones de personas que viven en países en desarrollo siguen situándose por debajo de límites aceptables. En el sistema capitalista en el que estamos inmersos, el derecho a la salud se ha convertido en un bien privado al que únicamente tienen acceso aquellos que se lo pueden costear. El Acuerdo sobre los Aspectos de los Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio (ADPIC) refuerza la idea de que los derechos de las grandes transnacionales son más importantes que los derechos de las personas. El monopolio sobre la producción y los precios tiene un impacto dramático en el acceso a medicamentos; especialmente en los países en desarrollo, donde la mayoría de la población carece de seguro médico.Publicación en línea: 11 diciembre 2017
Religion, Race and Migrants’ Integration in Italy: The Case of Ghanaian Migrant Churches in the Province of Vicenza, Veneto
Authors: Akwasi Agyeman Edmond
Published: January 2018

The number of Ghanaian immigrants’ Catholic and Pentecostal/ Charismatic churches has kept growing since this group began to settle in Italy from the late 1970s. This paper examines that role that these religious congregations play to facilitate the migrants’ integration in the province of Vicenza. The paper shows that while the churches offer opportunities for the migrants to find their place in Italian society by providing them a place to be at home, a sense of belonging, identity and resources, the type of integration that the migrants foment through the churches appears to be rather segmented along racial and ethnic lines. Therefore, the churches’ integration role would be enhanced if they open up their ethnic and racial borders and provide channels for Ghanaian and Italian populations to interact.Published online: 11 December 2017
A Socially Constructed Human Right to the Self‑determination of Indigenous Peoples
Authors: Gregg Benjamin
Published: January 2018

I propose a human right to self‑determination for indigenous peoples as a something in each case developed by the indigenous people and valid only if embraced by that people. That is, I approach human rights as social constructs toward (1) arguing for the social construction of indigenous peoples themselves, (2) with certain limits on indigenous rights to autonomy and diversity even as they construct collective rights for themselves, (3) in this way achieving the internal self‑determination of indigenous peoples, whereby an indigenous people would design its own human right to self‑determination without thereby undermining individual rights, (4) by means of a social and political movement that I conceive as a metaphorical «human rights state.»Received: 25 July 2016Accepted: 30 November 2016Published online: 11 December 2017