bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformity effect on the evolution of cooperation in signed networks
Authors: He Xiaochen , Li Guangyu , Du Haifeng
Published: February 2023

Human behaviors are often subject to conformity, but little research attention has been paid to social dilemmas in which players are assumed to only pursue the maximization of their payoffs. The present study proposed a generalized prisoner dilemma model in a signed network considering conformity. Simulation shows that conformity helps promote the imitation of cooperative behavior when positive edges dominate the network, while negative edges may impede conformity from fostering cooperation. The logic of homophily and xenophobia allows for the coexistence of cooperators and defectors and guides the evolution toward the equality of the two strategies. We also find that cooperation prevails when individuals have a higher probability of adjusting their relation signs, but conformity may mediate the effect of network adaptation. From a population-wide view, network adaptation and conformity are capable of forming the structures of attractors or repellers.
Conduction of excitation waves and reentry drift on cardiac tissue with simulated photocontrol-varied excitability
Authors: Nizamieva A. A. , Kalita I. Y. , Slotvitsky M. M. , Berezhnoy A. K. , Shubina N. S. , Frolova S. R. , Tsvelaya V. A. , Agladze K. I.
Published: February 2023

The development of new approaches to suppressing cardiac arrhythmias requires a deep understanding of spiral wave dynamics. The study of spiral waves is possible in model systems, for example, in a monolayer of cardiomyocytes. A promising way to control cardiac excitability in vitro is the noninvasive photocontrol of cell excitability mediated by light-sensitive azobenzene derivatives, such as azobenzene trimethylammonium bromide (AzoTAB). The trans-isomer of AzoTAB suppresses spontaneous activity and excitation propagation speed, whereas the cis isomer has no detectable effect on the electrical properties of cardiomyocyte monolayers; cis isomerization occurs under the action of near ultraviolet (UV) light, and reverse isomerization occurs when exposed to blue light. Thus, AzoTAB makes it possible to create patterns of excitability in conductive tissue. Here, we investigate the effect of a simulated excitability gradient in cardiac cell culture on the behavior and termination of reentry waves. Experimental data indicate a displacement of the reentry wave, predominantly in the direction of lower excitability. However, both shifts in the direction of higher excitability and shift absence were also observed. To explain this effect, we reproduced these experiments in a computer model. Computer simulations showed that the explanation of the mechanism of observed drift to a lower excitability area requires not only a change in excitability coefficients (ion currents) but also a change in the diffusion coefficient; this may be the effect of the substance on intercellular connections. In addition, it was found that the drift direction depended on the observation time due to the meandering of the spiral wave. Thus, we experimentally proved the possibility of noninvasive photocontrol and termination of spiral waves with a mechanistic explanation in computer models.
Correlation between protein conformations and water structure and thermodynamics at high pressure: A molecular dynamics study of the Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (BPTI) protein
Authors: Roy Umesh C. , Bandyopadhyay Pradipta
Published: February 2023

Pressure-induced perturbation of a protein structure leading to its folding–unfolding mechanism is an important yet not fully understood phenomenon. The key point here is the role of water and its coupling with protein conformations as a function of pressure. In the current work, using extensive molecular dynamics simulation at 298 K, we systematically examine the coupling between protein conformations and water structures of pressures of 0.001, 5, 10, 15, 20 kbar, starting from (partially) unfolded structures of the protein Bovine Pancreatic Trypsin Inhibitor (BPTI). We also calculate localized thermodynamics at those pressures as a function of protein–water distance. Our findings show that both protein-specific and generic effects of pressure are operating. In particular, we found that (1) the amount of increase in water density near the protein depends on the protein structural heterogeneity; (2) the intra-protein hydrogen bond decreases with pressure, while the water–water hydrogen bond per water in the first solvation shell (FSS) increases; protein–water hydrogen bonds also found to increase with pressure, (3) with pressure hydrogen bonds of waters in the FSS getting twisted; and (4) water’s tetrahedrality in the FSS decreases with pressure, but it is dependent on the local environment. Thermodynamically, at higher pressure, the structural perturbation of BPTI is due to the pressure–volume work, while the entropy decreases with the increase of pressure due to the higher translational and rotational rigidity of waters in the FSS. The local and subtle effects of pressure, found in this work, are likely to be typical of pressure-induced protein structure perturbation.
Gliding of conducting dislocations in SrTiO3 at room temperature: Why oxygen vacancies are strongly bound to the cores of dislocations
Authors: Rodenbücher Christian , Bihlmayer Gustav , Korte Carsten , Szot Kristof
Published: February 2023

It is well known that the presence of dislocations in solids determines their mechanical properties, such as hardness and plasticity. In the prototype transition metal oxide SrTiO3, dislocations also influence the electronic properties, as they can serve as preferential sites of reduction processes, e.g., supporting the evolution of metallic filaments upon thermal reduction. This indicates that there is a strong interaction between the dislocations and oxygen vacancies formed upon reduction. The latter are locally-compensated by electrons. In order to investigate this interaction, in this study, we analyze the influence of mechanical stress on an already-existing dislocation-based network of conducting filaments in a single crystal. We demonstrate that plastic deformation at room temperature not only modifies the arrangement of dislocations but also conductivity at the nanoscale. This indicates that there is a strong attraction between oxygen vacancies and dislocations, such that the movement of metallic filaments and dislocations under mechanical stress is inseparably coupled.
Perspectives on the fundamental principles and manufacturing of stretchable ionotronics
Authors: Yang Canhui
Published: February 2023

The recent decade has witnessed the emergence of stretchable ionotronics, a family of stretchable devices that function by hybridizing ions and electrons. Demonstrated devices encompass artificial muscles, skins, axons, ionotronic optical devices, artificial eels, ionotronic thermometry, ionotronic neural interfaces, and others. In developing stretchable ionotronics, many obstacles need to be tackled, for example, how to manipulate ions to invent new conceptual devices, how to use ions to replace the functions of electrons in existing electrical devices while preserving the pristine functions meanwhile enabling new functionalities, how to model the performance of ionic conductors and ionotronic devices, and how to integrate materials of dissimilar physicochemical properties in various manufacturing processes. In this Perspective, the significant progresses of stretchable ionotronics made during its first decade are summarized with particular emphases placed on the fundamental principles and manufacturing of the devices. Concise discussions on the materials and mechanics of stretchable ionic conductors are also provided. Finally, this Perspective is concluded with an over-the-horizon outlook discussing the remaining challenges and opportunities for further development of this exciting and fast-evolving field.
Unidirectional spin-wave edge modes in magnonic crystal
Authors: Feilhauer J. , Zelent M. , Zhang Zhiwang , Christensen J. , Mruczkiewicz M.
Published: February 2023

We present a numerical demonstration of magnonic crystals hosting unidirectional, topologically protected edge states. The magnonic crystal is formed of dipolarly coupled Permalloy triangles. We show that due to the geometry of the block, the size of the structure can be scaled up. In addition, edge states can be found over a wide frequency range. Experimental detection of edge excitations in the considered system can be done with state-of-the-art techniques. Thus, we demonstrate a proof-of-concept magnonic Chern topological insulator nanostructure with simple geometry feasible for experimental realization. Furthermore, by tuning the strength of the perpendicular magnetic field, we induce a topological phase transition, which results in the change of direction of the topological edge state. Then, we demonstrate the magnonic switch based on this effect.
Negative magnetoresistance in antiferromagnetic topological insulating phase of GdxBi2−xTe3−ySey
Authors: Jun Jin-Hyeon , Kim Jinsu , Ji Sang Hyun , Lee Sang-Eon , Kim Soo-Whan , Joo Sung Jung , Kim Kyoung-Min , Kim Ki-Seok , Jung Myung-Hwa
Published: February 2023

Antiferromagnetic topological insulators have attracted great attention in the condensed matter physics owing to the fundamental interest in exotic quantum states and topological antiferromagnetic spintronics. Starting with the typical topological insulator of Bi2Te3, we introduced the magnetic order by substituting Gd at the Bi site and tuned the Fermi level by substituting Se at the Te site. That is, we prepared single crystals of GdxBi2−xTe3−ySey with various x (= 0.02 and 0.06) and y (= 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 1.5). The magnetic data revealed an antiferromagnetic order for x = 0.06, and the transport data manifested the charge neutral point at y = 0.7. Combining all these results together, the material with x = 0.06 and y = 0.7 is characterized as an antiferromagnetic topological insulator, where we observed exotic magnetotransport properties such as weak antilocalization and negative longitudinal magnetoresistance that are frequently analyzed as chiral anomalies in Weyl materials.
Ambipolar charge transport in a non-fullerene acceptor
Authors: Hasenburg Franziska H. , Lin Kun-Han , van der Zee Bas , Blom Paul W. M. , Andrienko Denis , Wetzelaer Gert-Jan A. H.
Published: February 2023

Charge transport is one of the key factors in the operation of organic solar cells. Here, we investigate the electron and hole transport in the non-fullerene acceptor (NFA) IT-4F, by a combination of space-charge-limited current measurements and multiscale molecular simulations. The electron and hole mobilities are fairly balanced, amounting to 2.9 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1 for electrons and 2.0 × 10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1 for holes. Orientational ordering and electronic couplings facilitate a better charge-percolating network for electrons than for holes, while ambipolarity itself is due to sufficiently high electron affinity and low ionization energy typical for narrow-gap NFAs. Our findings provide a molecular-level understanding of the balanced hole and electron transport in an archetypical NFA, which may play a key role in exciton diffusion and photogenerated hole transfer in organic solar cells.
Quantifying dynamical heterogeneity length scales of interface water across model membrane phase transitions
Authors: Malik Sheeba , Karmakar Smarajit , Debnath Ananya
Published: February 2023

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine lipid membranes reveal a drastic growth in the heterogeneity length scales of interface water (IW) across fluid to ripple to gel phase transitions. It acts as an alternate probe to capture the ripple size of the membrane and follows an activated dynamical scaling with the relaxation time scale solely within the gel phase. The results quantify the mostly unknown correlations between the spatiotemporal scales of the IW and membranes at various phases under physiological and supercooled conditions.
Electrolyte effect for carbon dioxide reduction reaction on copper electrode interface: A DFT prediction
Authors: Zhang Xia-Guang , Zhao Yu , Chen Si , Xing Shu-Ming , Dong Jin-Chao , Li Jian-Feng
Published: February 2023

An insightful understanding of the interaction between the electrolyte and reaction intermediate and how promotion reaction occurs of electrolyte is challenging in the electrocatalysis reaction. Herein, theoretical calculations are used to investigate the reaction mechanism of CO2 reduction reaction to CO with different electrolytes at the Cu(111) surface. By analyzing the charge distribution of the chemisorbed CO2 (CO2δ−) formation process, we find that the charge transfer is from metal electrode transfer to CO2 and the hydrogen bond interaction between electrolytes and CO2δ− not only plays a key role in the stabilization of CO2δ− structure but also reduces the formation energy of *COOH. In addition, the characteristic vibration frequency of intermediates in different electrolyte solutions shows that H2O is a component of HCO3−, promoting CO2 adsorption and reduction. Our results provide essential insights into the role of electrolyte solutions in interface electrochemistry reactions and help understand the catalysis process at the molecular level.
The golden tip for better breeding: evidence for polyoestry in the golden-tipped bat (Phoniscus papuensis)
Authors: Madani George , Turbill Chris , Law Brad
Published: February 2023

As a worldwide taxon inhabiting a diverse range of habitats and environmental conditions, bats also demonstrate some of the greatest variation in reproductive strategies of any mammalian order. Whilst monoestry is the predominant mating pattern of bats within the temperate zone, polyoestry and variants of this mode are more prevalent at tropical latitudes. As a tropical species occurring in a temperate climate in the southern extent of its range, the reproductive phenology of the golden-tipped bat (Phoniscus papuensis) is poorly understood. Here we present the first evidence of polyoestry in this species, an uncommon reproductive trait in Australian bats. The influence of weather and increase in prey density (orb-weaving spiders) are suggested as potential drivers for what appears to be a positive facultative breeding response to a pulse of resources. This observation demonstrates that there is still much to learn about the basic natural history and reproductive strategies of Australian bats.
Molecular phylogeny, systematics and biogeography of the subfamily Nemognathinae (Coleoptera, Meloidae)
Authors: Riccieri Alessandra , Capogna Emilia , Pinto John D. , Bologna Marco A.
Published: February 2023

Nemognathinae is the most widespread subfamily of Meloidae, with ~600 species, and includes the only blister beetles distributed in Australia and on islands of the western Pacific. Four tribes are recognised based on morphology: Stenoderini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. Using two mitochondrial (16S, COI) and three nuclear markers (CAD, 28S, ITS2), and both maximum likelihood and Bayesian approaches, this study describes the evolutionary history of Nemognathinae based on molecular data for the first time. We provided a fossil-calibrated phylogeny that unravels the phylogenetic relationships among the tribes and among most of the genera, and a reconstruction of the biogeographic history using a parametric approach. Our results recognised the four tribes that were described previously based on morphology and revealed the presence of another well-differentiated clade corresponding to the genus Zoltanzonitis. Phylogenetic relationships among the tribes are well supported, with Stenoderini as the most ancient lineage, followed by Zoltanzonitini, Palaestrini, Horiini and Nemognathini. A few long-standing genera within Nemognathini (Nemognatha, Zonitis, Stenoria) and the nominate subgenus Stenodera (Stenodera) were recovered as polyphyletic. In addition, biogeographic analyses revealed the origin of the subfamily in the Old World during the Eocene, and the associated diversification into the five tribes astride the Eocene and Oligocene between 46 and 30 Ma. Based on these results we propose the new tribe Zoltanzonitini, and the elevation of the subgenus Pronemognatha to genus level, new status. In addition, Zonitoschema breveapicalis new comb., Z. curticeps new comb. and Z. pulchella new status are proposed. ZooBank: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:72EECC6D-36A6-4DD7-B4DB-D0692034E775.
Effects of different sampling strategies for unburned label selection in machine learning modelling of wildfire occurrence probability
Authors: Quan Xingwen , Jiao Miao , He Zhili , Jaafari Abolfazl , Xie Qian , Lai Xiaoying
Published: February 2023

The selection of unburned labels is a crucial step in machine learning modelling of wildfire occurrence probability. However, the effect of different sampling strategies on the performance of machine learning methods has not yet been thoroughly investigated. Additionally, whether the ratio of burned labels to unburned labels should be balanced or imbalanced remains a controversial issue. To address these gaps in the literature, we examined the effects of four broadly used sampling strategies for unburned label selection: (1) random selection in the unburned areas, (2) selection of areas with only one fire event, (3) selection of barren areas, and (4) selection of areas determined by the semi-variogram geostatistical technique. The effect of the balanced and imbalanced ratio between burned and unburned labels was also investigated. The random forest (RF) method explored the relationships between historical wildfires that occurred over the period between 2001 and 2020 in Yunnan Province, China, and climate, topography, fuel and anthropogenic variables. Multiple metrics demonstrated that the random selection of the unburned labels from the unburned areas with an imbalanced dataset outperformed the other three sampling strategies. Thus, we recommend this strategy to produce the required datasets for machine learning modelling of wildfire occurrence probability.
Helminth egg derivatives as proregenerative immunotherapies
Authors: Maestas David R. , Chung Liam , Han Jin , Wang Xiaokun , Sommerfeld Sven D. , Kelly Sean H. , Moore Erika , Nguyen Helen Hieu , Mejías Joscelyn C. , Peña Alexis N. , Zhang Hong , Hooks Joshua S. T. , Chin Alexander F. , Andorko James I. , Berlinicke Cynthia A. , Krishnan Kavita , Choi Younghwan , Anderson Amy E. , Mahatme Ronak , Mejia Christopher , Eric Marie , Woo JiWon , Ganguly Sudipto , Zack Donald J. , Zhao Liang , Pearce Edward J. , Housseau Franck , Pardoll Drew M. , Elisseeff Jennifer H.
Published: February 2023

The immune system is increasingly recognized as an important regulator of tissue repair. We developed a regenerative immunotherapy from the helminth
Schistosoma mansoni
soluble egg antigen (SEA) to stimulate production of interleukin (IL)-4 and other type 2-associated cytokines without negative infection-related sequelae. The regenerative SEA (rSEA) applied to a murine muscle injury induced accumulation of IL-4-expressing T helper cells, eosinophils, and regulatory T cells and decreased expression of IL-17A in gamma delta (γδ) T cells, resulting in improved repair and decreased fibrosis. Encapsulation and controlled release of rSEA in a hydrogel further enhanced type 2 immunity and larger volumes of tissue repair. The broad regenerative capacity of rSEA was validated in articular joint and corneal injury models. These results introduce a regenerative immunotherapy approach using natural helminth derivatives.
Disease burden among Ukrainians forcibly displaced by the 2022 Russian invasion
Authors: Pandey Abhishek , Wells Chad R. , Stadnytskyi Valentyn , Moghadas Seyed M. , Marathe Madhav V. , Sah Pratha , Crystal William , Meyers Lauren Ancel , Singer Burton H. , Nesterova Olena , Galvani Alison P.
Published: February 2023

The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has displaced more than a quarter of the population. Assessing disease burdens among displaced people is instrumental in informing global public health and humanitarian aid efforts. We estimated the disease burden in Ukrainians displaced both within Ukraine and to other countries by combining a spatiotemporal model of forcible displacement with age- and gender-specific estimates of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, cancer, HIV, and tuberculosis (TB) in each of Ukraine’s 629 raions (i.e., districts). Among displaced Ukrainians as of May 13, we estimated that more than 2.63 million have CVDs, at least 615,000 have diabetes, and over 98,500 have cancer. In addition, more than 86,000 forcibly displaced individuals are living with HIV, and approximately 13,500 have TB. We estimated that the disease prevalence among refugees was lower than the national disease prevalence before the invasion. Accounting for internal displacement and healthcare facilities impacted by the conflict, we estimated that the number of people per hospital has increased by more than two-fold in some areas. As regional healthcare systems come under increasing strain, these estimates can inform the allocation of critical resources under shifting disease burdens.
Necessity modal development in Singapore English
Authors: Basile Carmelo Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Spoken in a multilingual environment characterised by continuous contacts with other languages, Singapore English (SgE) is a singular object of study. Its modal system has also been developing in independent ways compared to inner-circle varieties, e.g. British English, its historical ancestor. Different approaches have attempted to explain such developments, including the substratist and the grammaticalisation approaches. The present paper explores both these approaches with the aim of examining the role that they may have in the development of the (semi-)modal verbs of necessity in SgE. Using some corpus analysis conducted on informal data, it will be shown why the substratist approach does not seem sufficient to explain the relatively frequent non-epistemic uses ofmustin SgE. It will be discussed how SgEmustcould be instead replicating older dynamic uses, typical of Middle English times (1100–1500 CE), according to a process known as replica grammaticalisation as recapitulation (Ziegeler 2014).
How can we communicate (visually) what we (usually) mean by collocation and keyness?
Authors: Jeaco Stephen
Published: February 2023

Corpus linguistic methods can now be easily employed in a wide range of studies within sub-disciplines of
linguistics and well beyond. In a two-part paper, Gries (2022a, 2022b) challenges some of the most widely used ‘association measures’ of what many might feel to be
powerful aspects of text patterning: collocation and key words. While the additional association measure offers some new
possibilities, this paper highlights the strong influence of another frequency parameter on odds ratio and Gries’s suggested
association measure, and questions the applicability of his cautions for many different kinds of corpus research. Nevertheless,
having been inspired to look at different aspects of association and dispersion more carefully, the author presents some new
visualizations which were designed to communicate some of the important lessons to be learned from Gries’s papers, especially for
learners and teachers using corpus tools in Second Language classrooms.
Paternal and maternal predictors of affective and cognitive involvement of three-year-old Chilean children in Chile (Predictores del involucramiento afectivo y cognitivo de padres y madres con sus hijas/os de tres años en Chile)
Authors: Aldoney Daniela , Prieto Fernanda
Published: February 2023

Maternal and paternal involvement are an important predictor of child development. In the current study, we describe the cognitive and affective involvement of parents with their three-year-old children in a sample of 115 Chilean parents of medium/low socioeconomic status. Additionally, we analysed differences in the level of involvement of mothers and fathers and examined the relationship between depressive symptoms, parental stress, number of children, level of parental education, gender of the child and parental involvement. We performed a descriptive, correlational and regression analysis. The results revealed that mothers and fathers report higher levels of affective than cognitive involvement. When comparing mothers and fathers, mothers reported higher levels of cognitive and affective involvement. Paternal stress and depressive symptoms were negatively associated with cognitive and affective involvement with their children. In mothers, more children and stress were associated with lower levels of cognitive involvement with their children.
The corrosion behaviour of a novel Mg–Zn–Zr–Y–Cu alloy
Authors: Jia Hongmin , Wang Mengrui , Luo Sheji
Published: February 2023

A novel Mg–Zn–Zr–Y–Cu alloy was fabricated, and its corrosion behaviour was investigated in the present work. The results showed that, compared with Mg–6Zn–0.5Zr (ZK60) alloy, Mg–6Zn–1Y–0.5Cu–0.5Zr (ZWCK6100) alloy exhibited finer recrystallised (DRXed) and unDRXed grains, more homogeneous microstructure, and contained CuMgZn and I phase (Mg3Zn6Y) in addition to α-Mg, Zn2Zr, MgZn2 precipitates. As a result, ZWCK6100 alloy had a lower corrosion rate and higher corrosion resistance, underwent slightly localised corrosion in 3.5 wt-% NaCl solution, implying that the combined addition of Y and Cu was conducive to improving the corrosion resistance of Mg alloys.
Adaptations of final-year project tutoring during COVID-19: teachers’ perceptions and learnings (Adaptaciones en la tutorización de trabajos fin de estudios durante el COVID-19: percepciones y aprendizajes del profesorado)
Authors: Asún-Dieste Sonia , Valencia-Peris Alexandra , Martínez-Mínguez Lurdes , Lorente-Catalán Eloísa
Published: February 2023

This work aimed to analyse the adaptations made to the design, supervision and teacher-tutor assessment of final-year projects (FYP) in a physical education teacher education programme to identify their perceptions of the changes made to non-face-to-face teaching derived from the COVID-19 epidemic. For this, an open-ended questionnaire was administered to 17 teachers familiar with formative assessment at the end of the 2019–20 academic year. A qualitative content analysis was also carried out that gave rise to different categories. The teachers did not perceive major changes in FYP tutoring, although the absence of face-to-face contact did cause them difficulties as they had to offer methodological solutions based on new technologies and give greater attention to the students. We highlight the need to continue investigating the perspectives of both teachers and students when implementing strategies to help students to self-regulate when working on their FYPs.
Granted Leave in Bavarian Forensic-Psychiatric Hospitals
Authors: Neutze Janina , Schmid Halina , Stübner Susanne , Nitschke Joachim
Published: February 2023

Granted leave is an integral part of forensic-psychiatric treatment. To prevent serious crimes or absconding during leave, careful assessment of risk of such misconduct is necessary. This check is carried out by a decision-making process, which considers patients’ freedom, clinical benefits, and the need for public safety. A systematic examination of processes surrounding granted leave can help decision-makers to proceed in more organized and transparent manner. Representatives of all professional groups at 12 forensic-psychiatric hospitals in Bavaria were questioned using semi-structured interviews. Information on granted leave was quantified using a self-constructed checklist and descriptively evaluated. The extent to which legal requirements and other process characteristics are implemented was examined. The implementation of requirements varied across hospitals in terms of organizational and personal framework conditions. A joint agreement among all hospitals regarding the definition and handling of misconduct during granted leave, revocation of granted leave, and risk assessment addressing absconding would be particularly desirable. Common standards of excellence could contribute to more transparency and strengthen the trust of patients and the public in the approach of a hospital.
Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis of physical activity, sedentary behaviour and cardiometabolic biomarkers in US adults: A nationally representative study
Authors: Cheng Jinqun , Huang Yanhong , Ren Zhiqiang , Xu Peng , Tan Jianyi , Huang Baoying , Chen Yue , Lin Ziqiang , Gao Yanhui
Published: February 2023

Substantial evidence links physical activity and sedentary behaviour (SB) with cardiovascular health. However, studies usually examine time‐use behaviours independently, rather than considering daily activities as a 24‐hour time‐use composition. This study aimed to use compositional data models to investigate how time reallocations from SB to moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity (MVPA)/ light physical activity (LPA) were associated with changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers. Compositional isotemporal substitution analysis was conducted using data from a representative cross‐sectional sample of adults aged 20 years or older (n = 5213 full sample; n = 2221 fasting subsample) from the 2003–2004 and 2005–2006 cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Overall as well as gender‐ and age‐specific estimates were obtained for reallocating time between the behaviours associated with cardiometabolic outcomes. Replacing SB with MVPA was associated with decreased levels of C‐reactive protein (CRP), white blood cells (WBCs), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), insulin, insulin resistance homeostasis model assessment (HOMA‐IR) and 2‐hour glucose, and increased high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C), except for WBCs in older adults, insulin and HOMA‐IR in females and older adults, 2‐hour glucose in young and older adults, and HDL‐C in older adults. Substituting LPA for SB resulted in lower CRP in older adults, lower RDW in males and older adults, lower insulin in young and middle‐aged adults, lower HOMA‐IR in females and middle‐aged adults, and higher HDL‐C in males and young adults. Our findings provide new evidence for the potential benefits of LPA and MVPA in cardiovascular health and help make population‐specific recommendations for physical activity.

Highlights

Shorter sedentary behaviour (SB) time and longer active behaviours time are associated with a lower cardiovascular disease risk profile.

Although replacing SB with MVPA has stronger positive health effects, LPA, as a simpler and more feasible activity, may has greater potential in promoting cardiovascular health.

The expected changes in cardiometabolic biomarkers caused by time reallocations from SB to MVPA/LPA vary with gender and age, and physical activity guidelines with specific recommendations should be tailed to the subpopulations.
The ancients knew it already: how Stoic philosophy explains the link between mindfulness, emotion regulation and pro-environmental behaviours (Los antiguos ya lo sabían: cómo explica la filosofía estoica el vínculo entre mindfulness, regulación emocional y la conducta proambiental)
Authors: Fabjanski Marcin , Carrus Giuseppe
Published: February 2023

A growing body of research suggests that there might be a strong link between (1) a specific way of applying a non-judgemental and present-centred attention to what seems to be an outer reality, known as mindfulness, (2) using emotion-regulation strategies (such as, for example, cognitive reappraisal) and (3) adopting a more sustainable lifestyle, implying a self-aware caring for the natural environment and the resources therein. The relationship between these factors, which we call here ‘the triple link’, has been supported by recent empirical data, from independent studies, using different approaches, across various disciplines. We present in this article a philosophical explanation of this relationship, based on the Ancient Stoic School of Philosophy, which can also be found in other ancient Western and Eastern philosophies. These reflections open a different perspective on the urgent issues of lifestyle change and behavioural interventions needed to cope with the potential environmental catastrophe, a perspective that reaches out of psychology and includes the metaphysical dimension in the understanding of people–environment relations.
Nearly isotropic Lyman-α
1 radiation

2p3/2→1s1/2

following nonradiative electron capture in Xe54+ + Kr collisions at 197 MeV u−1
Authors: Yang Bian , Wu Zhongwen , Yu Deyang , Shao Caojie , Xue Yingli , Wang Wei , Song Zhangyong , Zhang Mingwu , Liu Junliang , Lu Rongchun , Wu Yehong , Ruan Fangfang , Zhang Yuezhao , Fritzsche Stephan , Cai Xiaohong
Published: February 2023

We measured the angular distribution of the subsequently emitted Lyman-α
1 transition of Xe53+* ions following nonradiative electron capture in collisions of 197 MeV u−1 Xe54+ projectiles with gaseous krypton target. The alignment of the projectile 2p
3/2 state and the relative population of its magnetic substates were further deduced. In contrast to the available lower energy results (Yang et al 2020 Phys. Rev. A 102 042803), it is found that at 197 MeV u−1 the Lyman-α
1 radiation becomes much less anisotropic and the magnetic substates are nearly statistically populated. Moreover, the experimental findings are compared with the results of the corresponding radiative electron capture mechanism, obviously different energy dependence of the magnetic-substate population is obtained and discussed using semiclassical arguments, which help reveal the population mechanism of excited states in collisions of highly charged high-Z ions with atoms.
High-accuracy parallelism measurement of coated cube by dual-autocollimators
Authors: Shan Xiangdong , Wang QingLan , Han Jiayun , Wang Bingjie , Liu Qi , Zhang Yating
Published: February 2023

A simple, cost-effective and high-accuracy measurement of parallelism by dual-autocollimators is proposed. A differential measurement was chosen to eliminate most of the environmental noises and systematic errors. The accuracy of parallelism measurement can reach the level of 1.6 μrad (1σ). This method can be widely used for parallelism measurements of components with reflective coating, such as glass blocks in metrology laboratories and test masses in the gravitational reference sensor.
Investigation of electrically isolated capacitive sensing skins on concrete to reduce structure/sensor capacitive coupling
Authors: Ogunniyi Emmanuel , Vareen Alexander , Downey Austin R J , Laflamme Simon , Li Jian , Bennett Caroline , Collins William , Jo Hongki , Henderson Alexander , Ziehl Paul
Published: February 2023

Damage to bridges can result in partial or complete structural failures, with fatal consequences. Cracks develop in concrete infrastructure from fatigue loading, vibrations, corrosion, or unforeseen structural displacement. Effective long-term monitoring of civil infrastructure can reduce the risk of structural failures and potentially reduce the cost and frequency of inspections. However, deploying structural health monitoring technologies for crack detection on bridges is expensive, especially long-term, due to the density of sensors required to detect, localize, and quantify cracks. Previous research on soft elastomeric capacitors (SECs) has shown their viability for low-cost monitoring of cracks in transportation infrastructure. However, when deployed on concrete for strain monitoring, a structure/sensor capacitive coupling exists that may cause a significant amplification in the signal collected from the SEC sensor. This work provides a detailed experimental study of electrically isolating capacitive sensing skins for concrete structures to reduce the structure/sensor capacitive coupling of an electrically grounded sensor. The study illustrates that the use of rubber isolators effectively decreases the capacitive coupling between concrete, which inherently has capacitive properties, and sensors such as the SEC that utilize capacitance measurements. In addition, the required thickness of isolation for accurate strain monitoring using the SEC with geometry described in the paper is investigated and better strain correlation is observed between the rubber of isolation thickness 0.30 mm and 0.64 mm with rubber of isolation of approximately 0.40 mm having the best response. Tests were conducted on small-scale concrete beams, and results were validated on full-scale reinforced concrete bridge decks recently taken out of service. This study demonstrates that with proper isolation material, the SEC can accurately transduce strain from concrete within a 10

μ
ε

error for strain levels beyond 25

μ
ε

.
Boosting photocatalytic performances of lamellar BiVO4 by constructing S-scheme heterojunctions with AgBr for efficient charge transfer
Authors: Wang Haoran , Hailili Reshalaiti , Jiang Xiaoyu , Yuan Guoliang , Bahnemann Detlef W , Wang Xiong
Published: February 2023

Successful construction of heterojunction can improve the utilization efficiency of solar light by broadening the absorption range, facilitating charge-carrier separation, promoting carrier transportation and influencing surface-interface reaction. Herein, visible-light-driven AgBr was deposited on the surface of lamellar BiVO4 which was prepared by a facile hydrothermal process to improve charge carrier separation, and subsequent photocatalytic effectiveness. The catalyst with an optimal AgBr/BiVO4 ratio exhibited a superbly enhanced photocatalytic decolorization ability (about 6.85 times higher than that of pure BiVO4) and high stability after four cycles. The unique photocatalytic mechanism of S-scheme carrier migration was investigated on the bases of radical trapping tests and photo/electrochemical characterizations. Results showed that the enhanced migration strategy and intimately interfacial collaboration guaranteed the effective charge carriers separation/transfer, leading to magnificent photocatalytic performance as well as excellent stability.
Graphene passivation effect on copper cavity resonator preserves Q-factor
Authors: Nuriakhmetov Zaur , Chernousov Yuri , Sakhapov Salavat , Smovzh Dmitry
Published: February 2023

Proposed resonator design and measurement technique is a promising solution to estimate the value of materials surface conductivity. In the developed device, there are no mechanical connections, that interrupt the flowing microwave currents, which eliminates losses due to poor metal contact and related measurement errors. The main losses (60%) in the resonator are concentrated in a small sample under study - resonance element sample, which ensures high sensitivity to changes in surface conductivity. The influence of annealing the copper cavity resonator surface conducting microwave currents, as well as the effect of graphene coating on its intrinsic quality factor and frequency, was experimentally studied. Technological procedures for modifying a copper surface such as annealing in an H2/Ar atmosphere at a temperature of 1070 °C and subsequent coating with graphene by chemical vapor deposition method are studied. The modification of copper resonator surface texture during heat treatment in hydrogen and argon atmospheres has been studied. It is shown that during annealing, the resonator quality factor increases. The increase of the quality factor was associated with a decrease of resistance of copper, with the growth of crystalline grains, this effect disappears when the resonator is exposed to an air atmosphere. It was found that the graphene coating does not make a significant contribution to the change in the quality factor, but prevents the active growth of the oxide layer and prevents impurities deposition on the copper surface from the atmosphere. Thus, after annealing in hydrogen atmosphere and subsequent coating with graphene, the increased quality factor is retained. The considered procedures can be used to increase and stabilize the resonators quality factor, to eliminate oxidation and contamination of their surface. The results of this work can be used in the designing of microwave devices to study the thin films surface impedance.
Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy, generalized BGW tau-function, and W-constraints
Authors: Yang Di , Zhou Chunhui
Published: February 2023

Letr⩾2be an integer. The generalized Brezin–Gross–Witten (BGW) tau-function for the Gelfand–Dickey hierarchy of(r−1)dependent variables (aka ther-reduced Kadomtsev–Petviashvili hierarchy) is defined as a particular tau-function that depends on(r−1)constant parametersd1,…,dr−1. In this paper we show that this tau-function satisfies a family of linear equations, called theW-constraints of the second kind. The operators giving rise to the linear equations also depend on(r−1)constant parameters. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the two sets of parameters.
Measurement of 9Be(3He,p
i
)11B (i = 0, 1, ..., 9) nuclear reaction cross sections in the 1.0 MeV to 2.5 MeV energy range
Authors: Vítor C M , Alves E , da Silva R C , Mateus R , Cruz J , Catarino N
Published: February 2023

In fusion materials research using ion beam analysis techniques, the reactions 9Be(3He,p
i
)11B (i = 0, 1, 2…) are relevant to probe Be-related plasma-wall interactions. The cross sections for this reaction have been examined previously; nevertheless, there is a ∼40% difference in the studied energy interval between the two most relevant earlier studies. Therefore, a new data set for the differential cross sections 9Be(3He,p
i
)11B for the proton groups i = 0, 1, …, 9 is given. The measurements were performed using a thin beryllium film in the laboratory energy range from 1.0 MeV to 2.5 MeV in steps of 50 keV for lab angles from 115° to 165° to the incoming beam direction in steps of 10°. Additional measurements for intermediate angles were performed over the same energy range in steps of 250 keV. The results are in good agreement with one of the previous studies and a benchmarking measurement was performed against the yield of a beryllium thick target at 2.5 MeV for 135°.
Observation and characterization of quasi-continuous wave kW-class laser interaction with metal and metal oxide targets using a high-speed camera and microscopes
Authors: Daido Hiroyuki , Yamada Tomonori , Saruta Koichi , Miyabe Masabumi , Ito Chikara , Shibata Takuya , Inoue Kaoru , Terabayashi Ryohei , Hasegawa Shuichi
Published: February 2023

Characterization of kW class quasi-continuous wave (a pulse duration of 10 ms) laser interaction with metal targets and those with metal oxide targets are presented in respect to the laser induced breakdown and the successive laser induced melting and evaporation coupled with a mechanical response followed by ejection of various kinds of particles and fragments. An experiment was performed using 0.3–5 kW fiber lasers coupled with a high-speed camera to observe dynamics of the interaction. Ejected fine particles with <1 μm diameters and particles with > a few μm diameters were collected using a cascade impactor and a home-made collector, respectively and these were observed with electron microscopes. Shapes of irradiation marks were observed with a digital optical microscope. We also measured total ejected mass from a target. The experimental results reveal that firstly the laser threshold intensity of the interaction with the metal target was lower and more stable than those with the metal oxide targets. Secondly, in the stainless steel targets, the dynamics of molten layer created by thermal conduction from the laser heated thin layer and successive particle ejection with less mechanical response by the adjacent solid layer are dominant processes, while in the metal oxide targets, the fracturing in the relatively deeper interaction region coupled with brittle material response having relatively large laser shot to shot fluctuation appears to play a significant role in addition to the laser induced melting.
Impact of exponential entropy on the thermodynamics of 4D charged Einstein-Guass-Bonnet-AdS black hole
Authors: Jawad Abdul , Zafar Usman , Saleem Muhammad , Manzoor Rubab
Published: February 2023

In the presence of exponential corrected entropy, we investigate the thermal stability and phase transitions of a charged 4D Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet-AdS black hole by using the formalism known as the deflection angle formalism. Specifically, with the help of the elliptic function analysis, we investigate the phase structure of the black hole by focusing on the optical aspects. This has come to our attention that the thermal variation of the deflection angle can be used to generate both stable and unstable phases. The Hawking-Page phase transition, which is derived from the Gibbs free energy optical dependence, is another issue that we investigate with the help of exponentially corrected entropy. In addition, there are particular points along the deflection angle that produce a transition between large and small black holes. Our Gibbs free energy versus deflection angle behavior showed that the deflection angle can be utilized as a relevant quantity to determine the critical behavior of AdS black holes. In the presence of exponential corrected entropy, the thermodynamic geometry of a charged 4D Einstein-Guass-Bonnet-AdS black hole is also discussed.
Wavefront shaping to improve beam quality: converting a speckle pattern into a Gaussian spot
Authors: Paniagua-Diaz A M , Barnes W L , Bertolotti J
Published: February 2023

A perfectly collimated beam can be spread out by multiple scattering, creating a speckle pattern and increasing the étendue of the system. Standard optical systems conserve étendue, and thus are unable to reverse the process by transforming a speckle pattern into a collimated beam or, equivalently, into a sharp focus. Wavefront shaping is a technique that is able to manipulate the amplitude and/or phase of a light beam, thus controlling its propagation through such media. Wavefront shaping can thus break the conservation of étendue and, in principle, reduce it. In this work we study how much of the energy contained in a fully developed speckle pattern can be converted into a high quality (low M
2) beam, we support it with a theoretical framework and discuss the advantages and limitations of this approach.
Thermoelectricity in bilayer graphene superlattices
Authors: Briones-Torres J A , Pérez-Álvarez R , Molina-Valdovinos S , Rodríguez-Vargas I
Published: February 2023

Low-dimensional thermoelectricity is based on the redistribution-accumulation of the electron density of states by reducing the dimension of thermoelectric structures. Superlattices are the archetype of these structures due to the formation of energy minibands and minigaps. Here, we study for the first time the thermoelectric response of gated bilayer graphene superlattices (GBGSLs). The study is based on the four-band effective Dirac Hamiltonian, the hybrid matrix method and the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. We analyze the Seebeck coefficient, the power factor, figure of merit, output power and efficiency for different temperatures and different superlattice structural parameters. We pay special attention to the impact of not only minibands and minigaps on the thermoelectric properties, but also to intrinsic resonances in bilayer graphene structures such as Breit-Wigner, Fano and hybrid resonances. In particular, we analyze the interplay between minibands and Fano resonances as a possible mechanism to improve the thermoelectric response of GBGSLs. We also compute the density of states to know if the redistribution-accumulation of electron states is implicated in the thermoelectric response of GBGSLs.