bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Gasserian Ganglion High‐Voltage, Long‐Duration Pulsed Radiofrequency Combined With Block on Acute/Subacute Zoster‐Related Trigeminal Neuralgia
Authors: Song Yinghao , Yu Ziheng , Guan Jingjing , Wu Haisheng , Liu Qiaoling , Yuan Min , Cheng Xinzhi , Ling Bingyu
Published: September 2024

Background:Trigeminal postherpetic neuralgia (TPHN) is a severe chronic pain that can lead to various socioeconomic consequences. Therefore, it is necessary to explore optimal treatment options for acute/subacute herpes zoster (HZ)–related trigeminal neuralgia and prevent the further development of TPHN. High‐voltage, long‐duration pulsed radiofrequency (HL‐PRF) of the Gasserian ganglion is a new surgical intervention used to treat PHN. A ganglion block has been reported to possess anti‐inflammatory effects and potential analgesic benefits.

Methods:We included 83 patients with HZ‐related acute/subacute trigeminal neuralgia admitted from January 1, 2021, to June 1, 2023, and received Gasserian ganglion HL‐PRF combined with block. A 6‐month follow‐up was conducted, including Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) scores, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the incidence of TPHN, the dosage of anticonvulsants and analgesics, efficacy, and adverse events.

Results:All patients showed a significant decrease in postoperative NRS scores (p< 0.05). The NRS scores of the acute HZ group were consistently lower than those of the subacute HZ group at different time points (p< 0.01). The overall incidence of TPHN from the onset of HZ to 12 weeks is 21.68%. The incidence of TPHN in the acute phase group was 12.77%, significantly lower than the 33.33% in the subacute phase group (p= 0.024). The effective rate was 74.7% in all patients, at 3 months after the treatment. The effective rate was 82.98% in the acute phase group and 63.89% in the subacute phase group, showing a statistically significant difference (p= 0.047). The PSQI score of the acute group was consistently lower than that of the subacute group (p< 0.01). The dosage of analgesics and anticonvulsants used in the acute HZ group was lower than that in the subacute group (p< 0.01). All patients did not experience serious adverse reactions.

Conclusions:Gasserian ganglion HL‐PRF combined with block can be an effective and safe technique to relieve the pain of acute/subacute zoster‐related trigeminal neuralgia and prevent the incidence of TPHN.
Exploration of Potent Human α‐Glucosidase Inhibitors Using In Silico Approaches: Molecular Docking, DFT, Molecular Dynamics Simulations, and MMPBSA
Authors: Bashyal Jyoti , Raut Bimal Kumar , Upadhyaya Siddha Raj , Sharma Kabita , Parajuli Niranjan
Published: September 2024

Inhibiting α‐glucosidase, a key enzyme in carbohydrate hydrolysis, can potentially control diabetes mellitus. Although commercially available drugs effectively lower blood glucose levels to mitigate hyperglycemia, their associated gastrointestinal side effects necessitate the exploration of explicit inhibitors with minimal side effects. We studied a library of 80 secondary metabolites ascribed to their antidiabetic properties and screened the most potent inhibitors using a comprehensive in silico approach, including molecular docking, DFT study, MD simulation, PCA, MMPBSA calculation, and pharmacokinetic analysis. Scolopianate A and ponasterone A emerged as potent α‐glucosidase inhibitors, forming hydrogen bonds with the catalytic diad and exhibiting prominent binding affinities of −8 kcal/mol. Further analyses encompassed significant reactivity at the catalytic site and stable protein‐ligand complexes, as asserted by 100 ns RMSD, RMSF, Rg, SASA, H‐bond, and PCA‐based free energy landscape analysis. The subsequent analysis of MMPBSA indicating a higher binding free energy of these compounds compared to reference ligand, acarbose further strengthened the validity of these findings. Furthermore, drug‐like behavior and favorable ADMET profiles affirmed scolopianate A and ponasterone A as robust α‐glucosidase inhibitors. These findings highlight their promise for future drug development targeting α‐glucosidase inhibition in diabetes management; however, more research needs to be conducted.
Preoperative Intravitreal Conbercept Injection Reduced Both Angiogenic and Inflammatory Cytokines in Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Huang Zijing , Chen Li Jia , Huang Dingguo , Yi Jingsheng , Chen Zhiying , Lin Peimin , Wang Yifan , Zheng Jianlong , Chen Weiqi
Published: September 2024

Aims: To investigate the impact of intravitreal injection of conbercept, a recombinant fusion protein with decoy receptors for the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, on intraocular concentrations of angiogenic and inflammatory mediators in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), analyzed its potential impact on surgical outcomes.

Methods: Forty eyes from 40 patients with PDR were included in this prospective study. Patients received intravitreal injection of conbercept followed by vitrectomy or phacovitrectomy in 1 week. Aqueous humor samples were collected before and 1 week after the conbercept injection. The concentrations of angiogenic and inflammatory cytokines and chemokines were measured by flow cytometry. Follow‐up clinical data were collected and analyzed.

Results: Intravitreal conbercept injection significantly decreased aqueous concentrations of VEGF (325.5 (baseline) versus 22.3 pg/mL (postinjection), p < 0.0001), PlGF (39.5 versus 24.5 pg/mL, p < 0.0001), and PDGF‐A (54.1 versus 47.0 pg/mL, p = 0.0016), while no impact on bFGF levels. For inflammatory mediators, the concentration of TNF‐α (0.79 versus 0.45 pg/mL, p = 0.0004) and IL‐8 (180.6 versus 86 pg/mL, p < 0.0001) were decreased, while IL‐6 (184.1 versus 333.7 pg/mL, p = 0.0003) and IL‐10 (1.1 versus 1.5 pg/mL, p = 0.0032) were increased. No significant changes in IFN‐γ or MCP‐1 were detected. Three months after surgery, the mean best‐corrected visual acuity improved from a baseline of 1.8 ± 0.1 logMAR to 0.7 ± 0.1 logMAR (p < 0.0001), with 36 eyes (90%) achieving an improvement of visual function.

Conclusions: Intravitreal conbercept injection presents dual effects of antiangiogenesis and anti‐inflammation and can be served as an adjuvant treatment to vitrectomy for PDR patients.
The Role of Bovine Amniotic Membrane and Hydroxyapatite for the Ridge Preservation
Authors: Octarina Octarina , Munadziroh Elly , Razak Fathilah Abdul , Handharyani Ekowati , Surboyo Meircurius Dwi Condro
Published: September 2024

Ridge preservation is an important technique for maintaining the dimensions of the alveolar bone following tooth extraction, which is crucial for successful tooth rehabilitation. The combination of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite has shown promise as a scaffold material containing growth factors that can stimulate osteogenic‐related factors such as bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2), Runt‐related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), and osteocalcin. This stimulation leads to collagen production and osteoblast proliferation, resulting in new bone formation. In this study, bovine amniotic membrane‐hydroxyapatite (BAM‐HA) composites were prepared using three different ratios of bovine amniotic membrane and hydroxyapatite (2 : 3, 3 : 7, 7 : 13). Thirty Sprague–Dawley rats had their first incisors extracted, and different types of BAM‐HA were applied for ridge preservation. The control group received no treatment, while the positive control group was given xenograft. After 14 and 28 days, the animals were sacrificed, and immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteocalcin. Additionally, a histological examination was conducted to analyse collagen thickness and osteoblast cell proliferation. The results demonstrated that the application of BAM‐HA significantly increased collagen density, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of BMP2, RUNX2, and osteoclacin compared to the control group (p < 0.05) on both days 14 and 28. Furthermore, increasing the hydroxyapatite content in the composite was found to enhance collagen thickness, osteoblast cell proliferation, and the expression of osteogenic‐related factors. These preliminary findings suggest that the combination of BAM‐HA can be used for ridge preservation to prevent further bone resorption following tooth extraction.
Chaos Control, Codimension‐One and Codimension‐Two 1 : 2 Strong Resonance Bifurcation Analysis of a Predator‐Prey Model with Holling Types I and III Functional Responses
Authors: Khan Abdul Qadeer , Naqvi Syeda Noor-ul-Huda , Ahmed Shaimaa A. A. , El-Morsi Waleed A. I.
Published: September 2024

We study the existence of fixed points, local stability analysis, bifurcation sets at fixed points, codimension‐one and codimension‐two bifurcation analysis, and chaos control in a predator‐prey model with Holling types I and III functional responses. It is proven that the model has a trivial equilibrium point for all involved parameters but interior and semitrivial equilibrium solutions under certain model parameter conditions. Furthermore, local stability at trivial, semitrivial, and interior equilibria using the theory of linear stability is investigated. We have also explored the bifurcation sets for trivial, semitrivial, and interior equilibria and proved that flip bifurcation occurs at semitrivial equilibrium. Furthermore, it is also proven that Neimark–Sacker bifurcation as well as flip bifurcation occurs at an interior equilibrium solution, and in addition, at the same equilibrium solution, we also studied codimension‐two 1 : 2 strong resonance bifurcation. Then, OGY and hybrid control strategies are employed to manage chaos in the model under study, which arises from Neimark–Sacker and flip bifurcations, respectively. We have also examined the preservation of the positive solution of the understudied model. Finally, numerical simulations are given to verify the theoretical results.
Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus: Molecular Detection in Southwestern Ethiopia Chickens
Authors: Emeru Bezina Arega , Desta Haregawi Tesfaye
Published: September 2024

Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a significant threat to poultry worldwide, but its status in Ethiopia remains understudied. Thus, this study aimed to detect the virus and associated risk factors in South West Ethiopia. Ninety oropharyngeal swab samples were purposively collected from symptomatic chickens located in Jimma town, Seqa Chekorsa, and Tiro Afeta woredas of the Jimma zone between November 2021 and April 2022 to detect IBV virus by using RT‐PCR. A side‐by‐side questionnaire was administered to assess risk factors. Total RNA was extracted, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) was conducted, and products were visualized under UV light. The overall proportion of IBV was 16.6% (15/90). No statistical association was observed between any of the animal risk factors and the detection of the virus (P = 0.57, 0.586, and 1). However, the proportion of birds infected by the virus was higher in males, exotic breeds, and adults compared to females, local breeds, and young birds. Similarly, none of the management risk factors had a significantly different effect on virus detection (P = 0.25, 0.09, 0.088, and 0.726). However, improper carcass disposal (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.13–1.4), lack of veterinary services (OR = 2.7, 95% CI: 0.8–8.3), and the presence of wild birds/rodents (OR = 4.4, 95% CI: 0.88‐22.3) were associated with increased IBV risk but not cleaning of feeders/drinkers (OR = 1.1, 95% CI: 0.2–4.8). These findings underscore the need for enhanced biosecurity practices and further research to implement informed IBV control strategies in Ethiopia.
Hypernetworks for Personalizing ASR to Atypical Speech
Authors: Müller-Eberstein Max , Yee Dianna , Yang Karren , Mantena Gautam Varma , Lea Colin
Published: September 2024

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) for personalizing automatic speech recognition (ASR) has recently shown promise for adapting general population models to atypical speech. However, these approaches assume a priori knowledge of the atypical speech disorder being adapted for—the diagnosis of which requires expert knowledge that is not always available. Even given this knowledge, data scarcity and high inter-/intra-speaker variability further limit the effectiveness of traditional fine-tuning. To circumvent these challenges, we first identify the minimal set of model parameters required for ASR adaptation. Our analysis of each individual parameter’s effect on adaptation performance allows us to reduce Word Error Rate (WER) by half while adapting 0.03% of all weights. Alleviating the need for cohort-specific models, we next propose the novel use of a meta-learned hypernetwork to generate highly individualized, utterance-level adaptations on-the-fly for a diverse set of atypical speech characteristics. Evaluating adaptation at the global, cohort, and individual-level, we show that hypernetworks generalize better to out-of-distribution speakers, while maintaining an overall relative WER reduction of 75.2% using 0.1% of the full parameter budget.
On the Possibilities of Regulating Cognitive Activity by Older Preschoolers
Authors: Klopotova Ekaterina E. , Yaglovskaya Elena K.
Published: September 2024

Background. The ability to regulate cognitive activity is an important quality of the subject of educational activity. The development of children's cognitive activity is one of the main tasks of preschool education. Despite all the attention paid to cognitive activity in research, the question of its mediated forms remains open. The study of the influence of cultural means on the cognitive activity of preschoolers will allow solving the problems of its development through the creation of psychological and pedagogical conditions aimed not only at its appearance and support “here and now”, but also at the formation of the ability to independently regulate it. Objective. The goal is to find out whether older preschool children can independently regulate their cognitive activity, and what cultural means contribute to this. Study Participants. The study involved 60 children of the seventh year of life (M = 75 months), 25 of them were boys and 35 were girls attending preparatory kindergarten groups in Moscow. Each experimental group included 20 children. Methods. An ascertaining experiment aimed at identifying the abilities of older preschool children to regulate cognitive activity was carried out. In two experimental groups, different means of regulation were introduced: figurative and verbal. In the third experimental group, the children simply completed the proposed tasks. In total, the children were offered 3 tasks: to make something out of 3 different sets of cubes. The Kruskal — Wallis criterion was used for statistical data processing. Results. The results obtained in the study indicate that until the end of preschool childhood, the cognitive activity of children in the implementation of productive activities retains a pronounced situational dependence on the characteristics of the material they use. This dependence persists despite the introduction of figurative or verbal means of regulation. Only a small number of children have been found to be able to regulate cognitive activity, which manifested itself as stimulation of its dynamic component. Conclusion. Most preschoolers 6–7 years have no experience of awareness and regulation of cognitive activity. The emergence of opportunities to regulate cognitive activity is facilitated by situations in which the child identifies oneself as a subject of activity. The most accessible means for older preschoolers to identify themselves as a subject of cognitive activity is an image.
Coping with the Psychological Consequences of Severe Illness in Patients with Local and Vascular Pathology of the Brain
Authors: Nikitina Daria A. , Kharlamenkova Natalia E.
Published: September 2024

Background. The study of the psychological resources of a person experiencing a life-threatening disease is important due to the increased number of social requests related to improving the quality of a patient's full-fledged adaptation to life. The effectiveness of coping with the psychological consequences of a serious illness is determined by the system of internal conditions of the individual as well as by the age characteristics, due to which a subjective assessment of the psychotraumatic situation, the nature of a person's appeal to potential opportunities are specified. Objective. The study focuses on human resources when coping with the psychological consequences of post-traumatic stress, depending on age and the characteristics of the life-threatening brain disease (local or vascular pathology of the brain). Study Participants. 125 people showing no signs of cognitive deficits and who have given their informed consent were involved in the study. Of those, 64 people had a diagnosis of benign meningioma (30–70 years), and 61 people were diagnosed with cerebrovascular disease (31–69 years). Methods. To assess the level of psychotraumatization in respondents, the “Impact of Event Scale” technique was used, emotional and personal characteristics were studied using the Freiburg Personality Inventory and the “World assumptions scale” technique. Results. It has been established that, regardless of the type of disease, caused by local or vascular pathology of the brain, and the age of a person, a common resource for coping with psychotraumatic experiences is, on the one hand, accepting the situation of the disease and on the other, distancing oneself from experiences that mark it as hopeless, causing despair. For people with symptoms of cerebrovascular disease coping with stress, it is more important to regulate relationships with the outside world and maintain their functionality. While for people with meningioma, a positive self-attitude and the focus on unlocking inner potential, which becomes especially relevant in older age, are more important. Conclusions. The resourcefulness of a person in a situation of severe illness is determined by the rational nature of emotional self-regulation, including through selective appeal to social support. Specific resources associated with the peculiarities of the stressful situation of brain disease become more significant with age and manifest themselves in the specifics of the personality orientation (outward or inward).
A Papyrus Codex of Paul’s Letters in Greek
Authors: Nongbri Brent
Published: September 2024

This article revisits the question of whether P65 (PSI XIV 1373) and P49 (P.Yale I 2 + II 86) should be considered as parts of two different codices or part of a single codex containing a collection of Paul’s letters. While the similarity of the scripts of these two manuscripts has long been recognized, the two fragments have not been subjected to a thorough codicological comparison. This article examines the scripts of P65 and P49, selected scribal and codicological details of the fragments, and what can be known about the provenance of these papyri. The evidence examined points to the conclusion that these two fragmentary folia very probably came from the same single-quire codex containing a collection of Paul’s letters and should be listed as a single manuscript rather than two separate manuscripts in the various catalogs and databases.
The Cannibal’s Antidote for Resentment: Diffracting Ressentiment through Decolonial Thought
Authors: Brea Pedro
Published: September 2024

This essay is split into two thought experiments. The first will be to diffract ressentiment through the works of Gloria Anzaldúa and Édouard Glissant. I will create a bridge with decolonial thought by interpreting Anzaldúa’s concept of the nopal de castilla and mestiza consciousness through the interpretive lens of ressentiment to show the affinity that exists between the work of Anzaldúa and Nietzsche. I then look at ressentiment through some of the concepts Glissant offers in the Poetics of Relation. I argue that ressentiment resists the creolization of identity and culture, and that Glissant’s demand for the right to opacity for all signals the overcoming of ressentiment. The second experiment diffracts ressentiment through Eduardo Viveiros de Castro’s Cannibal Metaphysics, beginning with an analysis of the most relevant points of that text for our discussion, then putting our diffracted ressentiment in conversation with the Brazilian anthropologist’s post-structural interpretation of Amerindian perspectivism.
A Manuscript of the Arabian Nights and Its Journey to Cambridge
Authors: Ansorge Catherine
Published: September 2024

Cambridge University Library holds an Arabic manuscript of The Thousand and One Nights (Ms Qq.106–109). The library records it as entering the collection in 1819 and codicological evidence shows that the manuscript was copied in Cairo in the early 19th century. This paper discusses the complex narrative of its acquisition, including the roles played by prominent travellers and collectors. The significance of the text of the ‘Nights’ and its popularity in England and Europe are also examined as are the factors that made the Arabic text of this work much sought-after at the time. The influence of the contemporary political situation, the conditions of travel in the Middle East, and the individuals involved with the text’s acquisition are described, focusing on those with a Cambridge connection. A detailed analysis of the activities and twists of fate resulting in the acquisition of this particular manuscript are traced in contemporary sources.
Treasures from the Bodleian Library
Authors: Laclau Adeline
Published: September 2024

The Bodleian Library hosts one of the most important collections of Arabic manuscripts in Europe but most of them are unpublished or remain widely understudied. This article discusses the Arabic illuminated manuscripts produced in 14th- and 15th-century Egypt and Bilād al-Shām identified in this institution and aims to highlight their production context and material characteristics. The study of these manuscripts also gives an insight into the main phases and codicological features of the arts of the book during the Mamluk period.
A new species of planthopper in the genus Platocerella (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha: Derbidae) from palms in Costa Rica, a key to the genus and an updated molecular phylogeny of available New World Otiocerinae
Authors: BARRANTES EDWIN A. BARRANTES , ECHAVARRIA MARCO A. ZUMBADO , BARTLETT CHARLES R. , HELMICK ERICKA E. , BAHDER BRIAN W.
Published: September 2024

The genus Platocerella is a monotypic otiocerine genus (Derbidae: Otiocerinae: Otiocerini) reported from Guyana. A new species of Platocerella associated with palms is herein described from Costa Rica. Molecular data for the barcoding region cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), 18S rRNA gene, and D9-D10 expansion region of the 28S rRNA gene is provided to produce a preliminary phylogenetic tree including the new species and related taxa to place the new species relative to other otiocerine planthoppers.
The Ensemble Tangent Linear Model Applied to a Cloud Physics Parameterization
Authors: Allen Douglas R. , Hodyss Daniel , Hoppel Karl W. , Nedoluha Gerald E. , Ridout James A. , Amerault Clark M.
Published: September 2024

An ensemble tangent linear model (ETLM) is applied to a cloud physics scheme used in the Navy Global Environmental Model (NAVGEM). The ensemble is created using 3-h forecasts from the ensemble transform method used in the NAVGEM data assimilation system. The model states are saved before and after applying the cloud physics parameterization (which includes condensation/evaporation of cloud ice and cloud liquid water and stratiform precipitation), and these states are used to construct linearized model tendencies for temperature, specific humidity, cloud liquid water, and cloud ice water. We examine separately the application of the ETLM to cloud physics components that are explicitly local versus nonlocal. For the local components, an ETLM is built using a single grid point. ETLMs from 50 to 1000 members are tested, and skillful forecasts can be obtained for both local and nonlocal physics even with a moderate-sized ensemble (e.g., 100 members). At 1000 members, the globally averaged forecast error reductions (relative to persistence errors) are ∼40% for temperature, water vapor, and cloud liquid water and ∼30% for cloud ice. When initial perturbations are reduced by a factor of 0.1, the error reductions increase to ∼65% for all variables. For physics with nonlocal components (stratiform precipitation), the covariances that comprise the ETLM are localized with a Schur product matrix using a Gaussian localization shape with tunable length. The optimal lengths increased with an ensemble size from ∼2 to 3 km for 50 members to ∼10 km for 1000 members. ETLMs for “all cloud physics” are also constructed and evaluated.
Fooling Them, Not Me? How Fake News Affects Evaluators’ Reputation Judgments and Behavioral Intentions
Authors: Mariconda Simone , Pizzetti Marta , Etter Michael , Haack Patrick
Published: September 2024

The volume of fake news in the digital media landscape is increasing, creating a new threat to organizations’ reputations. At the same time, individuals are more aware of the existence of fake news. It thus remains unclear how fake news affects evaluators’ reputation judgments. In this article, we draw on the distinction between first-order judgments (i.e., an individual evaluator’s reputation judgment) and second-order judgments (i.e., an individual evaluator’s belief about the reputation judgments of other evaluators). We integrate this distinction with insights from communication research and social psychology to theorize how fake news affects reputation judgments and behavioral intentions. Through three experimental studies, we show that the negative effect of fake news is larger for second-order reputation judgments and that this effect is greater for organizations with a positive reputation. Furthermore, our results indicate that although fake news has a smaller effect on first-order judgments, the latter adapt to second-order judgments and thereby affect behavioral intentions. This article contributes, first, to the micro-cognitive perspective on reputation formation by taking the first step in developing a comprehensive understanding of the intricate impact of fake news on reputation and behavioral intentions. Second, this article contributes to our understanding of the role of a good prior reputation as a buffer or a burden.
A Quantitative Systematic Review to Evaluate the Favorability of the DSM-5 Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) on the Acceptability, Feasibility, and Clinical Utility for Clinicians, Patients, and Relatives
Authors: Kayrouz Rony , Karin Eyal , Staples Lauren , Nielssen Olav , Cross Shane , Dear Blake F. , Titov Nickolai
Published: September 2024

The Cultural Formulation Interview (CFI) is a semi-structured interview in the DSM-5 comprised of three parts: a core-16-item questionnaire, an informant version for relatives or relevant others, and 12 supplementary modules placing culture and context at the center of patient assessment and treatment to clarify diagnosis and treatment and ensure patients feel understood. The paper aims to synthesize the current quantitative evidence on CFI’s favorability (i.e., whether it is feasible, acceptable, and valuable) for patients, clinicians, and relatives. A mixed-methods synthesis methodology was used to assess the impact of the favorability of the CFI for patients, clinicians and relatives, and clinicians’ cultural competence. The synthesis included 10 studies on the clinician’s competency, attitudes, training, and diagnosis, three studies on the views of the patients and clinicians about the CFI, and five studies with 34 estimates ( n = 581) on the favorability of the CFI for patients, clinicians and relatives. Clinicians reported that the CFI increased their cultural knowledge across research, training, and practice settings. Patients reported that the CFI prioritized their perspective and increased rapport-building. A quantitative estimate from the five studies on the acceptability, utility, and feasibility of CFI from patients, relatives, and clinicians was favorable, suggesting that patients, relatives, and clinicians were satisfied with using the CFI. A protocol for standardizing CFI training and practice to inform future research using mixed-methods designs that include randomized control trials (RCTs) to examine the effect of the CFI on the clinician’s cultural competence, working alliance, and patient’s level of functioning was recommended.
Study on the relationship between blending uniformity and yarn performance of blended yarn
Authors: Cao Qiaoli , Zheng Guangming , Yu Chongwen
Published: September 2024

The performance of blended yarns is affected by the distribution of component fibers within blended yarn and the blending uniformity. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and quantitative investigations on the relationship between them. In this paper, various specifications for two-component blended yarns were prepared, and the main factors affecting blending uniformity were analyzed. Then the yarn blending irregularity and yarn performance, including tenacity, tenacity coefficient of variation, extension and yarn unevenness were tested. Finally, Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression were performed between blending irregularity and each yarn performance to characterize the influence of blending uniformity on yarn performance quantitatively. The results show that the blending irregularity is effectively improved by uniform feeding of slivers, and increasing the passage of sliver blending. The blending irregularity has no significant influence on the relationship between twist factor and yarn performance. The blending irregularity has the most positive and highest effect on tenacity coefficient of variation, followed by tenacity and unevenness in third place, and the Pearson correlation coefficient ( P) were all above 0.5, and the linear regression coefficient was above 10−3, but the breaking extension was weakest and negatively correlated with blending irregularity. Except for breaking extension, the effect of blending irregularities on yarn performance becomes more obvious when there are large differences in fiber linear density and fiber length. This paper reveals the relationship between blending uniformity and yarn performance, to provide a basis for theoretical research on the properties of blended yarns.
Associations of Racial Equity Training, Policies, and Practices With Routine Supervision Strategies in Community Corrections
Authors: Schwalbe Craig S. J. , Edwards Kevonyah , Lea Charles H. , Koetzle Deborah
Published: September 2024

Community corrections agencies across the United States are adopting racial equity as a priority in their polices, practices, and staff training, though how racial equity can be translated into the routine practices of probation and parole officers has not been widely discussed. This study examines the associations of perceived racial equity priorities on the supervision strategies reported by probation and parole officers in an online survey ( N = 1054). Approximately one-third of officers reported that their agencies prioritized racial equity. Racial equity scores were stronger in juvenile agencies and in agencies that prioritized evidence-informed practices. Racial equity was associated with reduced accountability-oriented case management practices. Results of this study suggest that racial equity policies and practices may impact client outcomes through changes in general supervision strategies. More research is needed to identify race-conscious strategies that community corrections officers can employ to meet the needs of people involved in the legal system.
Community Diversity and Social Media Use in Local Governments
Authors: Ahn Yongjin , Jong Jaehee
Published: September 2024

Compared to its ubiquity, social media use remains a divisive topic in the public sector. While local governments have increasingly adopted social media to increase civic engagement, many are still hesitant. Among the many factors that may have influenced the adoption of social media in local governance, we argue that community diversity deserves more attention. This study theorizes the relationship between local governments’ use of social media and community diversity. We examine this relationship within the context of township governments, which is an understudied area of research in public administration. The results indicate that community diversity is related to an increase in social media use. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of our findings and suggest fruitful avenues of inquiry in public administration social media research.
Robust fractional-order load frequency control for hybrid power system concerning high wind penetration
Authors: Ruan Shitao , Zhang Weidong
Published: September 2024

Hybrid power systems concerning wind farms have witnessed significant dynamic characteristic changes due to unpredicted generation output and integration mode conversion between frequency-sensitive wind plants and non-scheduled ones. This work presents a robust fractional-order load frequency control (LFC) method for a multi-area hybrid power system in the presence of wind penetration uncertainties. To characterize the injection effect of wind farms, the power system is described by a model with an uncertain wind penetration factor in a pre-estimated range. Then, an enhancement of Levy’s identification method is developed to convert this model into a fractional-order reduced structure to design the load frequency controller, which is in a form of fractional-order PID with a filter for ease of engineering implementation. The closed-loop stability is analyzed by the stability boundary locus (SBL) method under different wind penetration levels. It is shown that superior frequency response performance and system robustness can be obtained if the controller is designed in terms of the model with the worse-case wind penetration. Illustrative examples including a three-area hybrid power system under a variety of wind penetration variations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Racial Disparities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Characteristics and Survival
Authors: Yu De , Xu Hai-Bo , Chen Gui-Ping , Wu San-Gang
Published: September 2024

Objective: To investigate and compare the distribution of histological subtypes, stage at presentation, and survival outcomes among Chinese American, Non-Hispanic White, and African American patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Materials and methods: We identified Chinese American, Non-Hispanic White, and African American patients with NPC who were diagnosed between 2010 and 2017. Statistical analyses were conducted using the chi-square test, propensity score matching, Kaplan-Meier analysis, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. Results: A total of 1646 eligible patients with NPC were included. Non-Hispanic White accounted for 1049 (63.7%), African Americans for 265 (16.1%), and Chinese Americans for 332 (20.2%), and their median age at diagnosis was 59, 55, and 53 years, respectively ( P < .001). Chinese Americans most frequently harbored undifferentiated non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma subtype (n = 134, 40.4%) than Non-Hispanic White (n = 164, 15.6%) or African American patients (n = 44, 16.7%) ( P < .001). Histological subtype distribution was similar between Non-Hispanic White and African American patients ( P = .338). African American patients had the highest rate of stage III to IV disease (n = 206, 77.7%) compared to Non-Hispanic White (n = 704, 67.1%) and Chinese American patients (n = 210, 63.2%) ( P = .009). No significant difference in stage distribution was observed between Chinese American and Non-Hispanic White patients ( P = .494). Non-Hispanic White patients [hazard ratio (HR) 1.344, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.007-1.479, P = .045] and African American patients (HR 2.314, 95% CI 1.405-3.813, P < .001) had significantly worse overall survival compared to Chinese American patients. However, race was not associated with NPC-specific survival in the multivariate analysis. Similar results were found after propensity score matching. Conclusions: Race influences the distribution of histological subtypes, stage at presentation, and survival outcomes in NPC.
Expressing Negativity Enhances Support From Romantic Partners, Even for Trivial Stressors
Authors: Sigler Kirby N. , Forest Amanda L.
Published: September 2024

Receiving high-quality support confers many benefits. Yet, little is known about how support-seekers can elicit high-quality support. In two experiments and a couples’ interaction study, we examined how (and why) expressing negative thoughts and feelings affects romantic partners’ support and considered whether this depends on the severity of the stressor the support-seeker is facing. In Study 1, romantically involved participants who read a high (vs. low)-negative expressivity support-seeking text message wrote higher-quality support responses in both serious and trivial stressor contexts. Study 2 conceptually replicated these effects with new stressors. In Study 3, support-seekers who expressed more (vs. less) negativity during a face-to-face conversation with their romantic partner about a recent stressor received support higher in regulatory effectiveness (an index of support quality). Mediation analyses in Studies 2 and 3 suggested that negativity may enhance support, even for trivial stressors, by increasing provider perceptions that support is needed.
The times of jeopardising free speech
Authors: Joseph Anjali Merin
Published: September 2024

Press freedom is at stake in India, which holds a dismal rank of 159 among 180 countries in the Press Freedom Index 2024. While dissent and democracy ideally go hand in hand, a glance at the present situation in India suggests that these terms are perceived as antonyms in practice. The state is exerting its repressive power over dissenters, particularly targeting media outlets that do not align with the state’s interests. The media has a great responsibility and obligation to the citizens to bring out real stories with diligence and truthfulness. In India, the depiction of socioeconomic and political realities is mostly done at utmost risk and with an air of uneasiness. The truth remains elusive to the majority of the public, as they receive information from a restrained source constantly under government surveillance. This article aims to analyse the current situation of media and democracy in India with reference to freedom of speech and expression. The writing is an outcome of analysing the past and present sociopolitical contexts in India concerning the concept of free speech.
Short-term exercise training benefits pulmonary arterial hypertension patients
Authors: Azzuhdi Muhammad Zakiy , Krevani Citra Kiki , Kino Kino
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Studies have shown exercise rehabilitation training improves exercise tolerance in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) patients. However, implementing such programs in developing countries can be challenging. We investigated the benefits of short-term exercise rehabilitation training for PAH patients in a developing country.

Methods

This study was a prospective study of adult PAH patients attending the cardiology outpatient unit of a tertiary referral hospital. The patients were equally divided into an intervention group and a control group. We measured hemodynamic characteristics and six-minute walking distance (6MWD) before and after four weeks of exercise rehabilitation training. The Shapiro–Wilk normality test was performed, followed by an independent t-test or Mann–Whitney test to statistically compare the data.

Results

We included 28 patients aged 29.1 ± 11 years. We found no significant differences in all hemodynamic characteristics between the groups before and after the rehabilitation (all p-values >0.05). The intervention group showed a significant increase in 6MWD (300.6 ± 90.8 (95% CI: 248.2, 352.9) vs 436.3 ± 58.8 (95% CI: 402.3, 470.2), p-value <0.001) and consequently, the Δ6MWD in the intervention group was remarkably higher (17.1 ± 48.3 (95% CI: −10.8, 44.9) vs 115.36 ± 54.69 m (95% CI: 83.8, 146.9), p-value <0.001).

Conclusion

A short-term exercise rehabilitation training safely improved the exercise tolerance of patients with PAH. Our findings may lead to the improvement of rehabilitation strategies for this detrimental disease in countries with limited resources.
Lyrics of longing: Exploring the role of music in the lived experience of homesickness among college students
Authors: Gidwani Simran , Anchan Veenashree , James Nisha
Published: September 2024

The study investigates the multifaceted role of music during homesickness among first-year college students in India. As compared to other mental health outcomes, homesickness is a relatively understudied phenomenon, yet noteworthy due to its direct association with depression and anxiety. Although empirical evidence about music highlights its therapeutic potential for managing stress and anxiety, few studies have explored its role in connection with homesickness. The data for this study were collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 students about their perception of using music during homesickness. Through interpretative phenomenological analysis, the emerging themes pointed to a mixed influence, highlighting the bittersweet nature of music during homesickness. While music validates feelings and boosts confidence and motivation, it also triggers restorative nostalgia and serves as an escape from confronting homesickness. Moreover, native songs fostered an appreciation for one’s culture and helped students connect with their roots. The study contributes to understanding how music is a versatile tool for students dealing with homesickness, offering solace and potential challenges. It serves as a guide to future intervention studies that could explore music’s long-term influences. Recognising the diverse ways students perceive and respond to music provides valuable insights for developing tailored interventions and support systems.
Investigating the association between blue light cystoscopy utilization and social determinants of health
Authors: Bhatt Vikas , Malshy Kamil , Homer Alexander , Golijanin Borivoj , Golijanin Dragan
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

Blue light cystoscopy (BLC) improves bladder cancer (BCa) detection. No studies have evaluated socioeconomic inequity in the utilization of BLC.

Methods:

An institutional bladder tumor (TURBT) database (2016–2023) was retrospectively reviewed and BLC and white light cystoscopy (WLC) recipients were compared. Demographic and insurance data were collected. Socioeconomic Status (SES) was determined using a validated national and Rhode Island Area Deprivation Index (ADI).

Results:

2122 Rhode Island patients underwent TURBT and 32.23% had BLC. BLC recipients were younger (mean age 71.5 vs 73.8 years, p < 0.001), more likely married (69.6% vs 57.2%, p < 0.001), more likely English speakers (93.3% vs 91.9%, p = 0.015), and more likely to have private insurance (34.2% vs 27%, p = 0.001). BLC recipients had less socioeconomic disadvantage ( p < 0.001): lower mean National (36.2 vs 38.7) and State (4.8 vs 5.2) ADI.

Conclusion:

SES is associated with BLC utilization, which may negatively influence BCa outcomes.
Electronic Patient Reported Outcomes Measures (e-PROMs) in Pediatric Palliative Oncology Care: A Scoping Review
Authors: Rusconi Daniele , Basile Ilaria , Rampichini Flavia , Colombo Stella , Arba Laura , Pancheri Maria Luisa , Consolo Letteria , Lusignani Maura
Published: September 2024

Objective: Research findings regarding child-centered care and electronic patient reported outcome measures (e-PROMs) within pediatric palliative oncology care reveal an intricate field of study. This study aimed to map innovations in e-PROMs for the pediatric cancer population in palliative care and their impact on symptom management, and communication with healthcare professionals. Methods: A scoping review was designed following the Arksey and O’Malley framework. Literature searches were conducted in CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, SCOPUS, and Web of Science. Inclusion criteria targeted children aged 0–18 years with cancer, receiving palliative and/or end-of-life care, and using e-PROMs. Results: Twelve articles were included: 10 quantitative studies, one qualitative study, and one mixed-method study. A narrative synthesis approach was used to summarize the findings, categorized into three sections: (a) technological innovation of e-PROMs in pediatric palliative oncology care; (b) the impact of e-PROMs on symptom monitoring, management, and children's care; (c) the effects of e-PROMs on communication between children and healthcare professionals in pediatric palliative oncology care. Conclusion: e-PROMs have proven effective in empowering children to express their perspectives and actively engage in their end-of-life care. Due to flexible software and devices designed for various age groups, these tools fit seamlessly into children's daily routines and preferences, including the use of play-oriented applications. They facilitate a deeper understanding, and management of physical and emotional symptoms while ensuring care remains child-centered. This emphasizes the importance of preserving the essence of childhood and addressing the unique needs and experiences of young patients in pediatric palliative oncology care.
Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity in Childhood Tuberculous Meningitis: A New Association
Authors: Jauhari Prashant , Singh Sonali , Jain Agam , Sundaram Mohan S. , Kamila Gautam , Sinha Rahul , Chakrabarty Biswaroop , Kumar Atin , Gulati Sheffali
Published: September 2024

Background

We sought to estimate the prevalence and clinical characteristics of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (PSH) in childhood tuberculous meningitis.

Methods

Hospital records of children (6 months to 14 years) with tuberculous meningitis were retrospectively analyzed from September 2019 through January 2022. In September 2019, the first case of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity in tuberculous meningitis was identified in our division. Since then, all admitted children with tuberculous meningitis have been screened for paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity using the Paroxysmal Sympathetic Hyperactivity Assessment Measure (PSH-AM). Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is suspected when any of the following are present: recurrence of fever after initial defervescence, episodic posturing, dystonia, or unexplained tachycardia. Outcome at 3 months was prospectively scored according to the Pediatric Cerebral Performance Category score.

Results

Forty-one hospital records of children with tuberculous meningitis were analyzed, and 6 of them had paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (probable paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, 5/6; possible paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity, 1/6). Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity appeared after a mean duration of 17 weeks (range: 12-25 weeks) from the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in 4 of 6 children and at 4 weeks in 2 of 6 children. Children with tuberculous meningitis who developed paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity were younger (median age: 5 years) compared with the nonparoxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity tuberculous meningitis cohort (median age: 10 years). A high proportion of children who developed paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity had hydrocephalus at presentation (5 of 6 [83.3%] vs 12 of 35 [34.3%], P = .035). Hospital stay was significantly prolonged in children with probable paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (mean: 71.2 ± 26.8 days) compared with tuberculous meningitis without paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity (mean: 20.8 ± 11.6 days; P < .0001).

Conclusion

Paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity is a late complication of tuberculous meningitis observed in 14.6% cases and should be anticipated in children with reappearance of fever or neurologic worsening without any apparent cause.