bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Босна и Херцеговина и потписивање Конвенције 1880. године
Authors: Бранковић Бошко
Published: October 2021

Аутор у кратким цртама даје преглед дешавања у окупираним покрајинама Босни и Херцеговини везаним за положај православне цркве од аустроугарске окупације до потписивања Конвенције 1880. године. Државно-правна ситуација у окупираним покрајинама тражила је промјене у структури и дјеловању православне цркве. Окупационим властима посебно је сметало право цариградског патријарха да поставља митрополите и право турског султана да врши инвеституру берата. Сарадња Беча и Цариградске патријаршије није била условљена само страхом од јачања утицаја Српске православне цркве у Босни и Херцеговини, већ и заједничким интересом на сузбијању руске панславистичке политике. Закључци Конвенције били су највећи ударац за вјерску самоуправу српског народа у Босни и Херцеговини, што је изазвало жестоке протесте код српских црквено-школских општина. Конвенција није ријешила проблеме са православном црквом како су то мислили да ће се десити у врху окупационих власти у Бечу и Сарајеву, већ је само заоштрила односе са српским црквено-школским општинама који ће касније прерасти у аутономни покрет за црквено-школску аутономију.
Indonesia dan Putaran Bali
Authors: Pradana Adi Mulia
Published: October 2021

The fact that "South-South" countries managed to avoid severe collapse in the global financial crisis (2007-2008) as happened in U.S. and EU, is a contradiction when the "South-South" at the same time are often disadvantaged in trade patterns. As the study of chaotic Asian crisis (1997-1998), many countries (on "South-South") are actually very disadvantaged in its main Doha Round of WTO rules, are struggling hard to optimize the productivity that can be achieved. Happened a wide selection of radical economic policies that have been and will run various countries. On one hand, there are policy options isn't enough if associated process of building solution-based collective recession settlement between states. In other words, as an effort to evaluate the regulation of international trade policy in the WTO, while adjusting needs a sense of justice for the country "South" for a dozen years caving in on WTO rules, present mometum significant change rules. Plan of Bali Round (2013) is expected to be generated in the WTO meeting in this year. Where the round is expected to not only adapt to today's trade map no longer dominated by the countries like US, EU countries, etc. But give justice a far greater for developing countries that are represented in the "South-South".
Faith-Based Transnational Actors and Peacebuilding: An Analysis of the Role Of Nahdlatul Ulama in Afghanistan’s Peace Process
Authors: Mahfudin Irvan Aladip , Sundrijo Dwi Ardhanariswari
Published: October 2021

After the end of the Cold War, the idea of peacebuilding has been central to the main narrative within the study of international peace. For a significant period, the narrative was dominated by liberal and secular approaches which put state as the primary actor in peacebuilding processes. Nevertheless, many cases show that non-state actors, in particular faith-based transnational actors, might have contributed significantly to the conflict transformation mechanism through their faith-based peacebuilding activities. This article explores the modification that Rüland, von Lübke, and Baumann have made on Lederach’s concept on peacebuilding, which categorises peacebuilding processes into two dimensions: conflict evolution and crisis intervention. The first dimension of conflict evolution focuses on the identification of the root causes of the conflict and its development, while the second dimension is more concerned with the management of conflict and its transformation, as well as its impacts to the peace establishment process in certain areas. Referring to the Indonesian Nahdlatul Ulama’s involvement in the Afghanistan peacebuilding process, this article shows how the model offered by Rüland, von Lübke, and Baumann can well explain the opportunity transnational non-state actors have to contribute significantly to promote the establishment of peace in conflict areas.
Płaskoziemiec w języku polskim na tle angielskiego i serbskiego
Authors: Kocur Hanna
Published: October 2021

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza leksemu płaskoziemiec w języku polskim pod kątem jego znaczenia słownikowego i użyć korpusowych oraz ich wzajemnych relacji. Autor na wstępie przedstawia różnice formalne w budowie wyrazu w języku polskim, angielskim i serbskim, aby na tej podstawie przejść do różnic semantycznych zachodzących w obrębie zarysowanego obszaru badawczego. Następnie zaś praca stara się odpowiedzieć na pytanie, w jaki sposób użytkownicy analizowanych języków konceptualizują badany wyraz oraz na ile jest to determinowane przez styl wypowiedzi i jej charakterystykę gatunkowa. W tym celu zebrany materiał poddano analizie profilowej według modelu zaproponowanego przez Annę Wierzbicką i Jerzego Bartmińskiego. W badaniu wzięto pod uwagę zmienne wartości konotacyjne leksemu i sposoby jego wartościowania w konkretnych użyciach kontekstowych. Praca zwraca uwagę na to, w jakim stopniu kwestie zewnętrznojęzykowe, takie jak polityka, społeczeństwo i kultura wpływają na modyfikację znaczeniową leksemu w różnych kręgach językowych.
Synergia epistemologiczna na przykładzie wybranych zagadnień semiotyki znaku językowego w retrospektywie
Authors: Haładewicz-Grzelak Małgorzata
Published: October 2021

Przedmiotem artykułu jest studium synergii epistemologicznej w domenie semiotyki znaku językowego na przykładzie niektórych aspektów semiotycznego wymiaru dzieła językoznawców, często przesłanianego przez ich bardziej spektakularne teorie językoznawstwa formalnego. Badanie wpisuje się w kanon semiotyki językoznawczej, rozwijany od wielu lat w pracach Zdzisława Wąsika (np. 1996, 2017). Do bazy analitycznej wybrałam omówienia dwojakiego rodzaju: zarówno przykłady dzieł językoznawców mniej popularnych wśród polskojęzycznej akademii (na przykład Yishai Tobin, Julia Kristeva), jak i przykłady myśli naukowców bardzo znanych, ale rozważanych z nietypowej perspektywy ich mniej cytowanych dzieł (Ferdynand de Saussure (1878-79), Charles Morris czy Roman Jakobson (1973). Główną tezę artykułu ‒ synergię epistemologiczną ‒ rozumiem jako uwypuklenie sposobu, w jaki badania prowadzone w jednej dziedzinie wspierały rozwój pokrewnych paradygmatów.
Potential environmental risk assessment of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate emissions from a municipal solid waste landfill leachate
Authors: Wowkonowicz Paweł , Kijeńska Marta , Koda Eugeniusz
Published: October 2021

Background

In certain countries, including Poland, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) waste, together with di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) contained within (up to 60%), is mostly directed to municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills. From there, over time, it is released from the polymer matrix and can migrate with landfill leachate into the environment. The amount of DEHP placed on the Polish market since the start of industrial production and the prevalent landfilling disposal of PVC waste in Poland, indicate that DEHP pollution can increase risk factors in the future. The objective of this study was to determine the concentrations of DEHP in leachates from a chosen MSW landfill directed to a local sewage treatment plant (STP) and estimate the associated potential risks to the environment.

Results

DEHP concentrations in leachates ranged from < LOQ to 394.4 µg/L, depending on the sampling year and season. DEHP is a pervasive environmental contaminant present in all investigated landfill leachate samples. The results from The European Union System for the Evaluation of Substances (EUSES) modelling related to DEHP in leachate directed to STP indicated potentially unacceptable risk to freshwater organisms; and birds and mammals feeding on earthworms (where a sewage sludge applications in agriculture take place). The results indicated low risk for other environmental components including local fresh-water sediment, local soil and microorganisms of STP, and freshwater fish-eating birds and mammals.

Conclusions

Future DEHP emissions may occur after the technical lifetime of the landfill and/or decay its bottom sealing. To avoid contamination, the monitoring of landfills after closure should include DEHP concentrations and last longer than the recommended (inter alia in Poland) 30 years, or until emissions from PVC to leachate are eliminated. More research on leachate of DEHP and its potential risks should be conducted, utilising detailed modelling which can including other landfills and different routes of DEHP emissions in leachates.
Analytical Study of Conjunctival Bacterial Flora in Diabetic and Non Diabetic Patients
Authors: Chatterjee Tamojit , Ghosh Shrutakirti , Saha Rinki , Samaddar Sandip
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Conjunctiva is a transparent mucous membrane that lines inside of the eyelids and covers the sclera. It is composed of non keratinised, stratified columnar epithelium with goblet cells. Normal microbial flora constitutes organisms which are present in eyelids and conjunctiva without causing any disease. At birth eyes are sterile but they are later infected by various organisms. Gram positive organisms are mostly prevalent in ocular flora. Diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disease that can affect all ocular structures. Aim: To compare the microbial flora between diabetic and non diabetic patients and to study there sensitivity to antibiotics. Materials and Methods: This was an analytical study conducted on a total of 100 patients attending Department of Opthalmology of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, India between June 2019 to July 2019. They were not using any topical ocular preparation. Conjunctival swab was taken from upper fornix of the patients and cultured and the results obtained were analysed using Chi-Square test. Results: Conjunctival flora of a total of 100 patients, 30 diabetic and 70 non diabetic, were screened. Among the 30 diabetic patients, there were 15 (50%) male and 15 (50%) female. The most common isolated bacteria in diabetic and non diabetic groups were staphylococcus aureus (diabetic 70%, non diabetic 85.7%). There was a statistically significant difference in microbial flora pattern between the diabetic and non diabetic group. There was higher proportion of staphylococcus epidermidis among diabetic patients compared to non diabetic patients (p-value<0.01) and there was a higher proportion of staphylococcus aureus among non diabetics (p-value<0.01). Conclusion: Present study found statistically significant difference in the microbial flora between diabetics and non diabetics. This will help the clinician to plan for the antibiotic prophylaxis before surgery for patients attending the Out Patient Department (OPD).
Do the Readings of Digital and Aneroid Sphygmomanometer Concur? A Clinic-Based Study in an Urban Area of South Kolkata
Authors: Dasgupta Aparajita , Pyrbot Foulisa , Paul Bobby , Roy Soumit , Ghosh Pritam , Yadav Akanksha
Published: October 2021

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Thus, regular and accurate measurement of Blood Pressure (BP) is essential for its early diagnosis and follow-up. There is a surge in popularity of digital sphygmomanometer due to its convenience of use and functionality. In contrast, the traditional universally accepted sphygmomanometer is aneroid type, hence there arise a need for comparison of digital and universally accepted Aneroid Sphygmomanometer in terms of agreement and correlation. Aim: To evaluate the agreement and correlation between blood pressure measurement by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer. Materials and Methods: The clinic based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Urban Heath Centre, All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. Adults visiting the OPD on two chosen days of the week, between June 2019 to July 2019 were selected using systematic random sampling. A total of 400 participants were included. Agreement and correlation between BP measurements by digital and aneroid sphygmomanometer was analysed by Cohen’s Kappa, Bland Altman Plot along with sensitivity, specificity and predictive values using Microsoft Excel and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. the p-value <0.05 was considered significant for the statistical test in the analysis. Results: Cohen’s Kappa value (0.59) revealed these two tools had moderate agreement in diagnosing hypertension. Sensitivity and specificity of digital sphygmomanometer taking aneroid sphygmomanometer as gold standard is 86% and 83.1% respectively. The BP readings of these two-tools showed moderate correlation as Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) for Systolic BP (SBP) and Diastolic BP (DBP) were 0.804 and 0.624, respectively. Bland Altman plot showed gross disagreement of SBP findings and disagreement between DBP findings was also noted. Conclusion: Digital device was found to be less accurate in detecting hypertension. Therefore, more similar research work is solicited to verify the accuracy of the very easy to use, the Digital BP monitor.
A Rare Case Report of Venous Malformation of the Submandibular Gland- Masson’s Haemangioma
Authors: Kanagamuthu Priya , Vaishali Aswin , Rajasekaran S , Prabakaran S , Dhanasekaran Balaji
Published: October 2021

Masson’s haemangioma was first described by Masson in 1923 as “haemangioendothelioma vegetant intravasculaire”. It is common in skin and subcutis which appears as red blue nodule. It also occurs in fingers, trunk, head and neck, heart, larynx and hypopharynx. Masson’s haemangioma is a rare venous malformation. Treatment is complete surgical excision. It is rarely known to recur. It is a locally occuring lesion with no reports of metastasis. Venous malformation can be distinguished by their characteristic imaging findings at doppler ultrasound vs Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and direct phlebography. A 30-year-old male presented with swelling in the left submandibular region for one month. On examination a cystic swelling was present in left submandibular region. Ultrasound Sonography test (USG) neck with doppler revealed multilocular cystic swelling with low level internal echoes in left submandibular region suggestive of low flow venolymphatic malformation. The mass was surgically excised and sent for histopathological examination and reported as masson’s haemangioma. Masson’s haemangioma is a rare venous malformation. Appropriate history, clinical examination and investigation leads to the correct diagnosis and treatment. Incomplete removal of the mass leads to recurrence. The patient was still on follow-up and no recurrence was noted.
IDENTIFICAÇÃO DAS CARACTERÍSTICAS ONDULATÓRIAS A PARTIR DO EXPERIMENTO DO PÊNDULO TRAÇADOR / IDENTIFICATION OF WAVING CHARACTERISTICS FROM THE TRACTION PENDULUM EXPERIMENT
Authors: Richter Sabrina Skrebsky , Gomes Luiz Carlos
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo apresentamos uma atividade experimental que é desenvolvida habitualmente no laboratório didático de Física do Colégio Militar de Porto Alegre. Com este experimento discutimos as características e propriedades de uma onda, formada a partir do que denominamos pêndulo traçador. O experimento consiste em um pêndulo simples, que é formado por um funil cheio de areia preso por um fio. Ao oscilar, o pêndulo deixa areia cair sobre um papel pardo no qual estão desenhados eixos horizontais e verticais representando um plano cartesiano. Após concluídas as oscilações, o desenho formado no papel pardorepresenta aquilo que denominamos uma onda. Nosso objetivo é apresentar o experimento para que outros professores possam incorporá-lo em sua prática escolar como forma de introduzir as características de uma onda. Verificamos, mediante aplicação de testes regulares, que a atividade experimental proposta foi importante para solucionar alguns problemas da prática escolar.
O ALINHAMENTO DA ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA E TECNOLÓGICA COM A BASE NACIONAL COMUM CURRICULAR / THE ALIGNMENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY WITH THE COMMON CURRICULAR NATIONAL BASE
Authors: Tarnowski Karoline Dos Santos , Lawall Ivani Teresinha , Devegili Karlinne Lisandra
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo apresenta o alinhamento da Alfabetização Científica e Tecnológica com a Base Nacional Comum Curricular, documento norteador dos currículos da Educação Brasileira a Nível Básico. O objetivo foi verificar a aproximação das competências específicas como os atributos elencados por Fourez (2005) almejados em um indivíduo alfabetizado científica e tecnologicamente, na área de Ciências da Natureza e suas Tecnologias. Pela análise pôde-se verificar que nem todos os atributos são evidenciados em todas as competências específicas, de forma totalmente conectiva. Pode-se citar como exemplo na primeira competência específica ter-se destacado a autonomia e o domínio e responsabilidade. Já na segunda observou-se a autonomia e comunicação com maior destaque, enquanto que na terceira competência notou-se a presença de todos os atributos. Para estas competências específicas o atributo autonomia foi mais presente.
PERCEPÇÕES DOCENTES SOBRE O DESLOCAMENTO DAS INTERAÇÕES PEDAGÓGICAS PARA MEIOS DIGITAIS / TEACHERS’ PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THE CHANGE OF PEDAGOGICAL INTERACTIONS TO DIGITAL MEDIA
Authors: Bueno Rafael Winicius da Silva , Borges Thelma Duarte Brandolt , Lima Valderez Marina do Rosário
Published: October 2021

A problemática que permeia a presente investigação emerge do contexto do ano de 2020, marcado pela pandemia do novo coronavírus. Consideram-se, portanto, os efeitos das medidas de isolamento social para a esfera educativa a partir de um olhar docente. O delineamento proposto objetiva investigar as percepções de professores acerca do deslocamento das interações pedagógicas para meios digitais, na intenção de responder à seguinte questão norteadora:  quais são os desafios e as possibilidades advindos da docência no ensino remoto emergencial? Para isso, no estudo de caso desenvolvido, informações foram coletadas por meio de um questionário enviado a professores de uma instituição de ensino. Utilizando a Análise Textual Discursiva como método de análise de dados, resultaram duas categorias emergentes: a) impactos e impressões iniciais, que revela as primeiras sensações relacionadas às mudanças impostas; e b) reflexões a partir da experiência, em que são destacados aspectos positivos e negativos relacionados às vivências docentes no período pandêmico.
UMA ABORDAGEM DE LEITURA E ESCRITA NO ENSINO DE BIOLOGIA: ASSUNÇÃO DE AUTORIA E EFEITOS DE SENTIDO SOBRE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19 / A READING AND WRITING APPROACH ON TEACHING BIOLOGY: ASSUMPTION OF AUTHORSHIP AND EFFECTS OF SENSE ON THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Montalvão Neto Alberto Lopo , Morais Wanderson Rodrigues , Simas Filho José Pedro
Published: October 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender os gestos de autoria e os possíveis efeitos de sentido produzidos por educandos de um cursinho popular preparatório para o vestibular, a partir de atividades que envolveram a discussão de aspectos científicos e sociais de relevância para a contemporaneidade. Destarte, as atividades apresentadas tiveram como foco a leitura e a escrita no ensino de Biologia, a partir de uma abordagem integradora sobre a temática “vírus”. Essas atividades filiam-se a um conjunto de reflexões acerca do ensino remoto emergencial, que estão fortemente presentes em meio à pandemia ocasionada pela Covid-19. Com base nos aportes teórico-metodológicos da Análise de Discurso pecheutiana e, principalmente, nos estudos de Eni Orlandi, mobilizamos noções como pré-construído, discurso transverso, autoria, relações de força, entre outros constructos que embasam as nossas análises. Ao analisarmos algumas produções escritas dos educandos, entre os resultados, apontamos que a proposta didática aqui apresentada se caracteriza como uma possibilidade de assunção de autoria, propiciando reflexões e posicionamentos críticos por parte desses estudantes sobre temas sociocientíficos. Consequentemente, concluímos que essa abordagem colabora para a construção de outras formas de ver/ler o mundo.
AS CONCEPÇÕES SOBRE CURRÍCULO DE PROFESSORES DE CIÊNCIAS (BIOLÓGICAS) EM FORMAÇÃO INICIAL / CONCEPTIONS ABOUT CURRICULUM OF (BIOLOGICAL) SCIENCE TEACHERS IN INITTIAL TRANING
Authors: Baumgratz Cleiton Edmundo , Hermel Erica Do Espirito Santo , Güllich Roque Ismael da Costa
Published: October 2021

: Indagar acerca de “o que é currículo?”, entre os professores em formação inicial pode aspergir na proposição e estruturação do currículo em ação (na escola). O presente artigo buscou compreender as concepções de professores de Ciências sobre o currículo e o respectivo movimento destas concepções na formação de novos professores. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental, utilizando as teorias curriculares: Tradicional, Crítica e Pós-Crítica, incorporadas à escrita dos licenciandos, em indagações realizadas em três momentos em um movimento discursivo-conceitual-reflexivo-formativo. Desta maneira, as percepções dos licenciandos se enquadram em mais de uma perspectiva, como indicado nas proporções tradicional (ensino, aprendizagem, avaliação, metodologia, planejamento, conteúdo), crítica (ideologia, classe social, capitalismo, relações sociais de produção e poder), pós- crítica (identidade, alteridade, diferença, representação, cultura, multiculturalismo): na primeira escrita prevaleceu a perspectiva crítica (29:31), seguida da tradicional (16:31) e pós-crítica (5:31); na segunda é possível observar um aumento de concepções que integram, ambas, a tradicional (23:31), seguida da crítica (15:31) e da pós-crítica (9:31); na última escrita foi possível identificar um equilíbrio entre as concepções, como a tradicional (13:31), a crítica (21:31) e a pós-crítica (15:31). Ao findarmos essa pesquisa, concluímos que investigar as concepções de licenciandos possui um efeito-causa de reflexão sobre o significado de currículo e contribui para a formação de novos professores na área e, quiçá, no futuro para dimensionar o que seja um currículo.
DEVELOPMENT SODIUM ALGINATE SODIUM BICARBONATE CALCIUM CARBONATE ORAL SUSPENSION USING TURBISCAN TOWER AND ZETA POTENTIAL
Authors: Yılmaz Canberk , Toprak Cüneyt , Gün Gökay
Published: October 2021

Sodium Alginate Sodium Bicarbonate Calcium Carbonate combination reduces heartburn, heartburn or stomach complaints caused by reflux. The aim of this study is to create sodium alginate sodium bicarbonate calcium carbonate combination formulation using pre-development devices such as Turbiscan Tower and Zeta Potential. In order to obtain a homogeneous mixture during production and pilot study using two different boiler 5 trial production, samples will be pre-feasibility devices (Turbiscan Tower and Zeta Potential) stress conditions using physical behaviors have been observed.
FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT AND EVALUATION OF MATRIX TABLET TRAZODONE HYDROCHLORIDE USING NATURAL POLYMER
Authors: Kushwaha Jeetendra , Chaturvedi Dev Sharan , Verma Manisha , Tiwari Kuldeep Kumar , Anuragi Neelesh
Published: October 2021

Increased complications and costs of marketing of innovative drugs focused greater attention to the development of sustained release (SR) or controlled release (CR) drug delivery systems. Trazodone Hydrochloride (TRZ) is a well-known chemical compound that is used as an antidepressant that belongs to a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SARI). The objective of present work was to develop and evaluated oral sustained release matrix tablet of TRZ. Pre-compression parameters were evaluated. The tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as thickness, hardness, average weight, friability and In vitro release studies. No interactions were observed between TRZ and excipients from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The present research work was successful in improving the efficacy TRZ oral therapy as the drug release was extended for 12 hours thus reducing dosing frequency thereby improving patient compliance. The study also revealed the applicability of HPMC K-15, Gaur gum and PVP K30 as rate-controlling polymers in matrix tablets. The hydrophilic matrix of HPMC alone cannot control the release TRZ effective for 12 h while when combined with guar gum, may slow down the release of the drug and therefore, can be successfully employed for the formulation of matrix tablets SR. It may be concluded from the study that; the optimized formulation F-8 was shown maximum drug release 99.12 % in 12 h of dissolution. The release kinetic data of formulation F-8 shown first order release kinetics (R2 = 0.980).
Going Beyond Grades: Online Learning Assessment: Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF), June 26, 2021
Authors:   Chiropractic Educators Research Forum
Published: October 2021

This conference was convened by the Chiropractic Educators Research Forum (CERF) on June 26, 2021. This meeting provided a forum for the presentation of scholarly works in education theory and practice. The conference specifically focused on research related to education and learning assessment. During the June 2021 CERF meeting, presenters and panelists took an in depth look at how programs assess learning, including both summative and formative assessments, either live or asynchronously through technology or the internet.
Proximate Composition, Phytochemical, Mineral and Sensory Analyses of Moringa oleifera Enriched Bread
Authors: Eromosele Ojokoh , Chima Kalu Ndukwe , Kenneth Asadu
Published: October 2021

Aim/background: The study investigated the effect of Moringa oleifera powder on enriched bread samples produced at various levels. Wheat flour and moringa powder were formulated at different percent ratio (1%, 2%, 3% and 4%) to determine the best enrichment ratio.

Methods: Proximate, phytochemical, mineral content and sensory evaluation of the bread samples were determined using bread made from 100% wheat flour which served as control.

Results: Result for proximate composition showed a progressive drop (p<0.05) in the fibre content of the enriched bread samples with decreasing level of enrichment. The energy value of the bread samples ranged from 392.73 to 394.32 Kcal. For crude protein, sample with 4% moringa enrichment recorded the high protein content  which recorded a value of 12.89 %, which was significantly different (p<0.05) from other samples. The sample with 4% moringa enrichment recorded the highest ash content value of 2.67 % and was significantly different (p<0.05) from the other samples. Result of sensory evaluation using a nine-point Hedonic scale showed that enriched bread samples recorded 5.10 to 7.65 for appearance, 5.45 to 6.85 (aroma), 5.35 to 7.75 (texture), 5.55 to 7.70 (mouth feel) and 5.55 to 7.60 (general acceptability).

Conclusion: The enrichment of bread products could be best achieved at moringa levels of 2 % and 4%.
Combined Effect of Vermicompost and Inorganic Fertilizer on Yield and Yield Contributing Characters of Tomato Plant
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Haque Md. Azizul , Chowhan Sushan , Ali Md. Khan Jahan , Husain Muhammad Maruf , Rahman Md. Moshiur
Published: October 2021

To evaluate the combined effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer a field experiment was conducted on tomato for yield and yield contributing character of fruits using vermicompost and different types of inorganic fertilizers at the farms of Ishurdi Sub-station of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear agriculture (BINA) during Rabi season, 2020. One variety (Binatomato-11) and ten different treatments T1 = control (no fertilizer), T2 = 100% CF (Chemical Fertilizer), T3 = 70% CF, T4 = 70% CF + 1 t ha-1 VC (Vermicompost), T5 = 70% CF + 2 t ha-1 VC, T6 = 70% CF + 3 t ha-1 VC, T7 = 85% CF, T8 = 85% CF+ 1 t ha-1 VC, T9 = 85% CF+ 2 t ha-1 VC and T10 = 85% CF + 3 t ha-1 VC were used as experimental materials. The field trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results showed that plant height (120.67 cm), number of fruits/plant (53.33), single fruit weight (95 gm), fruit yield (63.33 t/ha), number of fruit picking (5 times) were higher in T5 (70% Chemical fertilizers + 2t ha-1 VC) than control and other treatments. No significant difference was observed in days to 1st flowering response to the treatments. The study revealed that combined effect of vermicompost and inorganic fertilizers affected tomato plant significantly.
Modeling Co-infection of Bovine Brucellosis and Tuberculosis
Authors: Lolika Paride O. , Bakhet Mohamed Y. A. , Lagure Ben Saliba
Published: October 2021

Bovine tuberculosis and bovine brucellosis continue to cause serious economic and public health burden in low-income countries, especially in many regions of sub-Saharan Africa where the diseases are co-endemic. The economic burden of the two infections in low-income countries trigger important questions about the optimal intervention strategies in co-endemic regions. Hence, the need for comprehensive modelling studies to address such questions is therefore essential, yet only a limited of such studies exist to date despite the power of models to predict the future and, most importantly, to quantify the uncertainty in these predictions. Here, we develop a brucellosistuberculosis co-infection modelling framework that incorporates all relevant biological factors and culling of infectious animals-as the sole intervention strategy. We performed an optimal control study to assess the impact of culling infectious animals on controlling the prevalence of the two infections. Two objective functions have been considered, a linear and a quadratic. Existence and the characterization of the optimal control has been determined. Numerical results are carried out to illustrate the main findings. Our findings highlight the importance of optimal culling on controlling the spread of two infections.
Anatomical and Histological Studies of Grafted Tomato with Interspecific Solanaceous Rootstocks
Authors: Pugalendhi L. , Bharathi S. , Selvi N. A. Tamil , Nandhini Devi H. Usha
Published: October 2021

A study was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu,India during 2019-2020 to assess the anatomical and histological changes within the graft union of tomato and identify compatible rootstocks for improved propagation of the crop. This experiment involved rootstocks of three wild tomatoes including Solanum torvum, S. sisymbrifolium and S. capsicoides and scions of two tomato hybrids including TNAU tomato hybrid CO3 and Shivam. The grafting was done using the cleft grafting method. The anatomical and histological sections of six graft combinations and two tomato scion samples were viewed microscopically at 7, 14 and 21 days after grafting (DAG). Among the six tomato graft combinations, S. torvum rootstock showed complete development of vascular connection at 21 DAG followed by S. sisymbrifolium rootstock, whereas S. capsicoides rootstock showed only callus growth at 14 DAG. Scion growth dominated the rootstock growth in S. torvum rootstock leading to mismatch of scion-rootstock stem thickness and delayed epinasty symptom at the later stages of plant growth. Of the rootstocks of the three species studied, S. sisymbrifolium rootstock was compatible for tomato grafting though it exhibited delayed vascular connection between the scion and rootstock.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Perception of COVID-19 Pandemic in Enugu, Southeast Nigeria- The Initial Experience
Authors: Mgbe E. K. , Mgbe C. G. , Ezeofor S. N. , Etiki J. F.
Published: October 2021

Background: The world is experiencing a global corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic. As of 9th June 2020, over 7 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and more than 400,000 deaths had been reported in more than 30 countries of the world according to World Health Organization.

Aim: We aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and vulnerability perception of Enugu state residents during the coronavirus outbreak in order to facilitate better health care outcomes.

Methodology: A prospective Web-based cross-sectional survey was designed for this study which was conducted in March 2020 among Enugu state residents. The obtained data were coded, validated, and analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS software, version 24. Descriptive analysis was applied to calculate the frequencies and proportions and Chi-Square Test was also used. A preliminary phase was conducted to assess the validity and reliability of the questionnaire before its use. 

Results: The study showed that significant number (99.6%) of the respondents had heard about Covid-19 and the most stated source of knowledge was social media (57.6%), followed by Newspaper and television shows (50.2%) while the least was from General Practitioner (GP) (8.9%). There was over 75% agreement with, and practice, of all known covid precautionary measures and less than 35% responses for wrong claims and practices about covid -19.

Conclusion: The overall knowledge, attitude, and perception are high in Enugu state population although few still has background combined superstitious believes. Social media and internet are the highest used facility for acquisition of knowledge and information in Enugu, Nigeria.
Role of Serum Cystatin C in Early Diagnosis of Acute Kidney Injury in Neonates with Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia
Authors: Elashry Sara Mohamed , Abdelhafez Maher Ahmed , Mohamed Awny Mostafa , Mohamed Elwan Nahed , Elsharkawy Hamed Mohamed
Published: October 2021

Background: The neonate is more susceptible to acute kidney injury (AKI) than others due to functional and developmental immaturity, hemodynamic changes that occur at birth, and possibility of hypovolemia due to increased insensible water losses. The aim of this work was early detection of the occurrence of AKI through measurement of serum cystatin C (CysC) and assessment of renal function in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in order to initiate early and appropriate therapeutic measures as indicated.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out on 50 neonates diagnosed as cases of BPD with gestational age ranging from 28w to 38w. Urea, creatinine and serum CysC were measured twice, the first measurement was at the time of diagnosis of BPD and the second one was 3 days later with estimation of creatinine based Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and cystatin based GFR.renal Doppler ultrasound was performed to measure peak systolivc velocity, end diastolic velocity and resistive index.

Results: There were 7 cases with abnormal GFR According to the first creatinine based GFR. There were 16 cases with abnormal GFR according to the first cystatin C based GFR with no statistically significance difference between both measurements. 5 patients were classified to have AKI based on serum creatinine level. There was statistically significant increase in 1st, 2nd serum creatinine, 1st and 2nd serum cystatin C levels in the AKI patients in comparison to non AKI group. On the other hand, there was statistically significant decrease in 1st, 2nd creatinine based GFR, 1st and 2nd cystatin C based GFR. There was statistically significant increase in mortality in the AKI patients if compared to non AKI patient. There was statistically significant increase in SBP, DPB and PCO2 in the AKI patients in comparison to non AKI group.

Conclusions: Measurement of serum CysC and estimation of cystatin based GFR can help in early detection of cases with renal malfunction among the patients with BPD before rise of serum creatinine Early diagnosis will lead to improvement of the outcome and shortening of the hospital stay.
Perceived Risks and Ramifications of the COVID-19 Pandemic by Community and Healthcare Providers in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Nilam , Maharjan Dikshya , Silwal Muna , Paneru Damaru Prasad , Nepal Anant
Published: October 2021

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has inflicted real suffering in many parts of the world and is expected to impact different sectors. Lockdown is considered to be an effective measure in slowing the spread of coronavirus. The study expects to understand community and healthcare providers’ perspectives on COVID-19 and pandemic responses during and after the lockdown in Nepal.

Methods and Materials: Data were collected through telephone interviews with six representatives of community-based organizations and nine healthcare providers, and the collation of information about COVID-19 from social media, news outlets and government announcements. Data were thematically coded and analyzed according to the themes.

Results: Although rapid dissemination of educational information through various social media was found, people reported an information overload on COVID-19 while questioning the authenticity of their sources. Several misbeliefs on the COVID-19 virus are rooted in the Nepalese community. Lockdown for a longer period was deemed an unsustainable preventive measure that directly impacted the income source of daily-wage workers. The fear of contracting coronavirus among healthcare providers at their workplaces was further triggered by the poor working conditions and non-availability of personal protective equipment (PPE). In fighting the pandemic, screening and management of other health issues were ignored.

Conclusion: The prevention measures against COVID-19 are important for the local context, however, the communities need access of basic commodities and access to reliable information to enable them to follow these measures. Availability of  appropriate PPE for the healthcare providers is required to reduce the fear of contracting the virus from the patients and workplace. Essential health-care services must also be continued to help reduce excess mortality and morbidity.
Methylobacillus
Authors: Doronina Nina V. , Kaparullina Elena N. , Agafonova Nadezhda V.
Published: September 2021

Me.thy.lo.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
methylum
the methyl radica; L. dim. masc. n.
bacillus
a small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Methylobacillus
methyl rodlet.

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Methylophilales / Methylophilaceae / Methylobacillus

The genus
Methylobacillus
accommodates obligate and restricted facultative methylotrophs. Cells of these methylotrophic bacteria are Gram‐stain‐negative, aerobic, and asporogenous rods that are nonmotile or motile with 1–4 flagella, multiply by binary fission, and occur singly or rarely in pairs. Cells do not possess intracellular membranes or poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate granules. Most members of the genus produce exopolysaccharide. No vitamins or other growth factors are required. No growth occurs on rich media with peptone and under CH
4
 + O
2
or H
2
 + CO
2
 + O
2
in the gas phase. These methylotrophs are mesophilic and neutrophilic bacteria. Most strains are obligate methylotrophs; some strains, however, can also use fructose. All
Methylobacillus
species are able to utilize methanol via the ribulose monophosphate (RuMP) pathway of C
1
assimilation. Some of the
Methylobacillus
strains also possess the ability to grow on methylamine, which is directly oxidized to formaldehyde or utilized via the
N
‐methylglutamate pathway. These bacteria possess an incomplete tricarboxylic acid cycle because they lack α‐ketoglutarate dehydrogenase. Glyoxylate shunt enzymes are absent. Ammonia, nitrate, and methylamine are used as the nitrogen sources. Ammonia is assimilated via glutamate dehydrogenase. Indole is produced from
l
‐tryptophan on mineral medium with methanol and KNO
3
. The prevailing cellular fatty acids are straight‐chain saturated C
16:0
and unsaturated C
16:1
ω7
c
acids. The known habitats are wastewater, activated sludge, soil, phyllosphere, and rhizosphere of various plants.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50–61.5 (
T
m
and genome sequence).

Type species
:
Methylobacillus glycogenes
Yordy and Weaver 1977
AL
.
Anaerobacterium
Authors: Tonouchi Akio
Published: September 2021

An.ae.ro.bac.te'ri.um. Gr. pref.
an
‐ not; Gr. masc. n.
aer
air; N.L. neut. n.
bacterium
rod; N.L. neut. n.
Anaerobacterium
an anaerobic rod.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / “Acetivibrionales” / “Acetivibrionaceae” / Anaerobacterium

Cells are Gram‐stain‐positive, thermotolerant, non‐spore‐forming, and strictly anaerobic rods (0.8–1.0 × 3.5–15.0 μm) with rounded ends, occurring singly or in pairs. Motile with two to four polar flagella. Cells in aged cultures are irregularly shaped. Mesophilic and slightly alkaliphilic. Anaerobic growth by fermentation of carbohydrates including cellulosic substances. The major fermentation products are ethanol and lactate. Yeast extract is required for growth. A member of
Clostridium
rRNA cluster III in the phylum
Firmicutes
. The major cellular fatty acids are iso‐C
16:0
, iso‐C
13:0
3‐OH, and C
16:0
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 46.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Anaerobacterium chartisolvens
Horino et al. 2014
VP
.
Mariniblastus
Authors: Lage Olga Maria , Calisto Rita
Published: September 2021

Ma.ri.ni.blas'tus. L. masc. adj.
marinus
, marine; Gr. masc. n.
blastos
, shoot, bud; N.L. masc. n.
Mariniblastus
, a marine bud‐forming bacterium.

Planctomycetes / Planctomycetia / Pirellulales / Pirellulaceae / Mariniblastus

The genus
Mariniblastus
accommodates spherical‐ to ovoid‐shaped Gram‐negative bacteria, which possess in their life cycle unicellular nonmotile forms and rosettes. The colonies are small, circular, translucent, and nonpigmented to light‐pink pigmented. Reproduction is by budding. Crateriform structures are distributed on the reproductive cell poles; fimbriae and holdfast structures are also present. These bacteria are chemoheterotrophic, aerobic, neutrophilic (pH 7.5), and mesophilic (25°C). Sea salts are requited for growth. Growth substrates are sugars, polyols, and amino acids. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω9
c
, C
14:0
, and C
16:0
. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and two unknown lipids. Menaquinone 5 (MK‐5) is the main respiratory quinone, but MK‐6 is also present. This genus belongs to the class
Planctomycetia
, order
Pirellulales
, and family
Pirellulaceae
. Members of the genus are present in marine habitats in association with macroalgae, sponges, and corals.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
:
53.4 (
Genome sequence
).

Type species
:
Mariniblastus fucicola
Lage et al. 2017
VP
.
Pelomicrobium
Authors: Slobodkina Galina
Published: September 2021

Pe.lo.mi.cro' bi.um. Gr. masc. n.
pēlós
, mud or clay; N.L. neut. n.
microbium
microbe; N.L. neut. n
. Pelomicrobium
a mud‐inhabiting microorganism.

Proteobacteria / Hydrogenophilalia / Hydrogenophilales / Hydrogenophilaceae / Pelomicrobium

The genus
Pelomicrobium
, represented by a single species,
Pelomicrobium methylotrophicum
, accommodates Gram‐stain‐negative and rod‐shaped motile bacteria. The members of the genus are facultatively anaerobic and moderately alkaliphilic thermophiles with strictly respiratory type of metabolism. These bacteria are characterized by chemolithoautotrophic growth with molecular hydrogen, elemental sulfur, and thiosulfate as electron donors and energy sources as well as by chemoorganoheterotrophic growth with methanol, formate, and a number of other organic compounds. Sugars are not utilized. The major cellular fatty acids are hexadecenoic (C
16:0
), octadecanoic (C
18:0
), and cis‐9,10‐methylenehexadecanoic (cyclo‐C
17:0
) acids. This genus is a member of
Proteobacteria,
class
Hydrogenophilalia,
and order
Hydrogenophilales
. Habitats of the genus are subsurface ecosystems.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 64.8 (genome data).

Type species
:
Pelomicrobium methylotrophicum
Slobodkina et al. 2020, VL193.
The effect of cue utilization in driving on response inhibition
Authors: Greenwood Courtney E. , Carrigan Ann J.
Published: September 2021

Driving is a high‐risk and cognitively demanding activity that requires the efficient use of cognitive resources to inhibit responses when necessary to avoid accidents. Cue utilization, via an inherent capacity for pattern recognition, is one strategy that may be applied while driving to reduce cognitive load allowing for the allocation of resources to other demanding tasks. The present study was designed to measure the contribution of cue utilization in a driving context on performance in a response inhibition task. Undergraduate students (N = 105) completed the driving edition of EXPERTise 2.0 as an online assessment of cue utilization and a measure of response inhibition, the Stop‐Signal Task. The results indicated that participants with relatively higher cue utilization were more accurate at inhibiting responses, but there was no difference in their response times. These findings provide support for cue utilization as one strategy that may improve response inhibition through the acquisition and recognition of patterns, thereby decreasing cognitive load. The practical implications for drivers will be discussed.
Patient Perceptions of Physical Activity After a Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis: Analysis of Multinational Qualitative Data
Authors: Austin Keziah , Dures Emma , Almeida Celia , Cramp Fiona , Guly Catherine M. , Hill Catherine L. , Hoon Elizabeth A. , Mackie Sarah , O'Brien Anne V. , Watts Richard A. , Robson Joanna C.
Published: September 2021

Objective

To explore patient perceptions of physical activity in giant cell arteritis (GCA).

Methods

This was a multinational qualitative study, analyzing interview data collected from participants from the UK (n = 25) and Australia (n = 11) with a definitive diagnosis of GCA from imaging or biopsy. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis to identify themes related to physical activity. This was secondary analysis of data collected to explore health‐related quality of life in people with GCA.

Results

A total of 108 individual codes pertaining to physical activity were identified. These were grouped into 2 overarching themes: barriers to and facilitators of physical activity, each with 4 subthemes. Barriers were categorized into physical symptoms (including visual loss, fatigue, weakness, pain, and stiffness), perceptions of personal capability (including poor stamina, confidence, and mobility), negative perceptions of physical activity, and negative consequences. Facilitators of physical activity were categorized into external facilitators (including motivation from health care professionals and support groups), access to appropriate facilities, personal strategies (including pacing and goal‐setting), and personal facilitators (including internal motivation to improve symptoms, and positive reinforcement).

Conclusion

A range of barriers and facilitators to physical activity were identified in relation to GCA. Future work could include development of an intervention to support physical activity in patients with GCA; ideally this intervention should be underpinned by an appropriate behavioral change framework and codesigned with patients.
Miniaturized III‐Nitride Asymmetric Optical Link for the Monitoring of Vascular Heart Rate and Cardiac‐Related Pulse Activity
Authors: Ye Ziqi , Yan Jiabin , Gao Xumin , Jia Bolun , Guan Qi , Fu Kang , Wang Linning , Zhu Hongbo , Ji Xiangyang , Wang Yongjin
Published: September 2021

Multifunctioning InGaN/GaN multi‐quantum well (MQW) diodes can transmit and detect light separately. In particular, MQW diodes have spectral overlap between electroluminescence (EL) and responsivity, conferring the unique ability to detect light emitted by another device sharing an identical MQW structure. Herein, a III‐nitride transmitter and a receiver on a single chip are monolithically integrated, which can establish an asymmetric optical link and significantly reduce material and processing costs. By attaching the chip to the skin with the transmitter emitting toward it, the device can monitor cardiac activity. Heart pulses change blood volume of the vascular bed, which modulates the reflected light. The receiver absorbs that light and converts it into electrical signals. Finally, by integrating a programmed circuit, the biological signals are analyzed. Herein, a feasible approach to monitor heart rate and cardiac‐related pulse information simultaneously is provided.