bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conscientização ambiental uma integração sociedade e meio ambiente para reciclagem do óleo residual
Authors: Teleken Joel Gustavo , Miyashiro Carolina Sayury , De Oliveira Carlos De Jesus , Parisotto Emanuelle Iaçana Berté
Published: July 2016

O objetivo do presente trabalho foi proporcionar a conscientização da população do município de Palotina- PR, a partir da apresentação dos impactos ambientais provocados pela disposição incorreta do óleo residual de fritura. Foram realizadas palestras educacionais em dois colégios estaduais do município, apresentando os prejuízos ambientais causados pela disposição inadequada de tais resíduos, e a forma correta de disposição, e suas possíveis aplicações. Percebe-se que a conscientização na população em relação ao óleo como poluente merece uma atenção maior, pois muitas pessoas não têm o conhecimento de que pouca quantidade de óleo pode poluir centenas de litros de água. Observamos com os resultados do questionário que a maior parte das crianças sabem do descarte correto, porém não se pode afirmar que as mesmas realizam o descarte correto.
Comportamento morfológico no período de crescimento de genótipos de Carthamus tinctorius L. em cultivo sob sequeiro e irrigado
Authors: Santos Reginaldo Ferreira , Silva Marcelo De Almeida , Klar Antonio Evaldo , Zanotto Mauricio Dutra , Bassegio Douglas
Published: July 2016

Foi realizado um estudo a fim de determinar o efeito da irrigação no início do estágio de crescimento vegetativo em cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.) cultivado em solo arenoso, na estação seca de inverno no Estado de São Paulo. O ensaio à campo foi realizado no município de Engenheiro Coelho-SP, sob Argissolo arenoso B textural pouco profundo. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente cazualizado, com quatro repetições em esquema fatorial (2 × 4): dois níveis de água (irrigado e sequeiro) e quatro genótipos de cártamo (I, II, III e IV). Foram avaliados no período de estudo o comportamento de altura de planta (AP), número de folhas (NF), massa fresca de folhas (MF), comprimento total das folhas (CF), largura total das folhas (LF), área foliar (AF) e massa fresca de raízes (MR) aos 30 dias após a emergência. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que os genótipos de cártamo foram significativamente afetados pela escassez de água no solo devido ao período de seca durante a fase vegetativa. Os rendimentos morfométricos mais elevados foram observados para as variáveis no cultivo sob irrigação. As interações foram significativas, exceto dimensões métricas das folhas. Sob interação, as demais variáveis foram afetadas de forma negativa pelo cultivo de sequeiro independentemente do genótipo.  Palavras-Chave: Safflower, deficit hídrico, irrigação.
Influência do Fator de Correção Espectral na Caracterização de Módulos Fotovoltaicos de Diferentes Tecnologias
Authors: Rampinelli Giuliano Arns , Bühler Alexandre José , Gasparin Fabiano Perin , Krenzinger Arno
Published: July 2016

A caracterização elétrica de um dispositivo fotovoltaico é de fundamental importância na avaliação da eficiência de conversão do mesmo, permitindo  avaliar com determinado grau de precisão a energia que um sistema fotovoltaico é capaz de converter em certo período e sob específicas condições de operação. O grau de precisão da caracterização elétrica de um dispositivo fotovoltaico está entre outros aspectos, ligado ao fator de descasamento espectral, uma vez que a determinação da curva I-V não tenha sido feita sob o espectro padrão no qual se deseja conhecer o comportamento do dispositivo e uma vez que não tenha sido utilizada uma célula de referência de mesma tecnologia para a medida da irradiância. Este trabalho apresenta a metodologia empregada pelo Laboratório de Energia Solar (LABSOL) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) para a determinação e avaliação do fator de correção espectral para diferentes tecnologias de módulos fotovoltaicos. Foi realizado um estudo do efeito do fator de correção espectral para duas distribuições espectrais distintas na caracterização  de oito módulos fotovoltaicos de distintas tecnologias e os resultados indicaram correções de até 7%, comprovando a importância desse processo na caracterização de dispositivos fotovoltaicos.
REMOÇÃO DE SÓLIDOS E PRODUÇÃO DE METANO NA DIGESTÃO ANAERÓBIA DE EFLUENTE DE PROCESAMENTO DE MANDIOCA
Authors: Pessuti Carlos Alexandre Alves , Hermes Eliane , Zenatti Dilcemara Cristina , Da Silva Rafaela Pachega
Published: July 2016

O efluente gerado na indústria de processamento de mandioca pode trazer sérios problemas se descartado no ambiente de maneira incorreta. Uma forma adequada de tratamento é a digestão anaeróbia, responsável por reduzir as cargas orgânicas e ainda produzir metano. Deste modo o objetivo deste estudo consistiu na quantificação dos teores de sólidos totais e sólidos voláteis e na quantificação da produção de metano em biodigestor anaeróbio com efluente de processamento de mandioca. Para realizar o processo foi utilizado um reator anaeróbio com alimentação contínua e volume total de 15 L e tempo de detenção hidráulica de 21 dias. A partir do estudo foi possível observar uma redução de 38% dos sólidos totais e 58% de sólidos voláteis. E adjunto a remoção de matéria orgânica foi produzido 354 cm³ de metano para 10,5 L do efluente.
Previsão de Velocidade Média do Vento através da utilização de modelagem Auto-Regressiva de Médias Móveis (ARMA) em Região Serrana no Estado do Ceará - Brasil
Authors: Camelo Henrique Do Nascimento , Teixeira Wesley Ferreira , Lucio Paulo Sérgio , Leal Junior João Bosco Verçosa
Published: July 2016

Nesse trabalho é realizado uma previsão de velocidade média do vento para a cidade de Ubajara região serrana do Estado do Ceará – Brasil, através de modelagem Auto-Regressiva de Médias Móveis – ARMA. A busca por métodos de previsão de velocidade do vento poderá garantir ainda mais investimentos em geração eólica tendo em vista que isso poderar ser um fator adicional na implantação de novos parques eólicos em diversas regiões do país. Nos últimos anos o Estado do Ceará é uma das regiões do território brasileiro que mais crescem em potencia eólica instalada, exemplo disso é que em 1999 possuia um valor de 5 MW, já no ano de 2014 possui um valor de 1,2 GW. A eficácia da previsão é afirmada mediante a análise de erros realizada comparando-se as séries real e prevista. A média do erro absoluto foi de aproximadamente 0,10 m/s, o erro quadrático médio foi de 0,37 m/s, e a média do erro absoluto percentual foi de 4,82 %.
“Over the Top”: Images of the Football Charges of the Great War
Authors: Adams Iain
Published: July 2016

Long lines of young Tommies going over the top and staunchly walking into a storm of steel and flame while dribbling a football is part of Britain’s collective memory of World War I. Collective memory is developed and sustained through the continuous production of representational forms. This paper draws on visual cultural studies to explore the images of the “football charges” produced during the war. It concludes that the published images aspired to bolster morale on the home front through buttressing traditional notions of courage and the sporting spirit. However, the images created by serving soldiers and Lady Butler did not glorify war but revealed new concepts of courage necessary for survival in the trenches and to go “over the top.”
Survey on academic medicine culture, enablers & barriers in a newly formed academic department in Singapore
Authors: Tan Kok Hian , Ng Mor Jack , Tey Wan Shi , Tan Hak Koon , Chern Bernard
Published: July 2016

Objective: A positive culture of academic medicine is important for improving healthcare, research and medical education. This study seeks to assess academic medicine culture, enablers and barriers with a multi-dimensional structured survey, in a newly formed academic department from the perspectives of faculty and staff.Methods: Thirteen dimensions relating to academic medicine culture were identified after focused group discussions. Each dimension contains four relevant questions with answers on a 5-point Likert scale. This web-based questionnaire survey was conducted for senior and junior physicians within SingHealth Duke-NUS Obstetrics & Gynecology (OBGYN) academic department in 2011. This unit was started within the academic medical centre formed by SingHealth, and Duke-NUS which is a medical school jointly established by Duke University and National University of Singapore (NUS). Gaps were identified and addressed with various initiatives. A second survey in 2012 and a third survey in 2013 were conducted to assess the change in culture.Results: In the first survey, the top three favorable dimensions (highest percentage of composite positive response) were: Supervisor and Departmental Support for Academic Medicine (64.0%); Academic Faculty Development (57.9%); and Communications & Feedbacks on Academic Medicine (57.3%). The bottom three dimensions which were areas for improvements were: Academic Clinical Staffing Issue (23.8%); Relating Clinical Service to Research & Education (33.2%); and Academic Teamwork across Institutions (36.3%). In the second survey, there was overall improvement for 12 of the 13 dimensions. In the third survey, there was overall improvement for all the 13 dimensions compared to the first survey.Conclusions: There were positive changes, likely contributed by initiatives within the department to engage staff and to address gaps in various aspects of academic medicine culture.
Escala de Avaliação de Altas Habilidades / Superdotação – versão professor: validade de conteúdo
Authors: Nakano Tatiana De Cassia , Campos Carolina Rosa , Santos Maristela Volpe dos
Published: July 2016

A avaliação das altas habilidades embora escassa na literatura científica é de grande relevância dentro da Psicologia. Diante disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi verificar, através da validade de conteúdo, a adequação dos itens que compõem a Escala de Avaliação de Altas Habilidades – Versão Professor. Para isso, seis estudantes de pós-graduação na área da avaliação psicológica atuaram como juízes, classificando os 41 itens do instrumento em cinco fatores (capacidade intelectual acadêmica, habilidades acadêmicas específicas, liderança, criatividade e talento artístico). Os resultados demonstraram a adequação dos itens, tendo a maioria deles apresentado índices de concordância perfeita acima de 80% (n=29) e entre 60 e 80% (n=8), indicando concordância moderada. Apenas quatro itens apresentaram concordância igual ou inferior a 50%, sugerindo a necessidade de reformulações. As análises dos coeficientes Kappa evidenciaram índices entre 0,69 e 0,81. Os resultados apontaram a adequação da escala ao conteúdo do modelo que pretende avaliar.
Development of Product and Packaging Label for Kao-Taen (Rice Cracker) of the Agro-group of Kao Kwang Tong Sub-district, Nong Chang District, Uthaithani Province
Authors: Payim Tawat
Published: July 2016

This research was aimed to develop the product and packaging label for Kao-Taen (rice cracker) of the agro-group of Kao Kwang Tong sub-district, Nong-Chang district, Uthaithani province. It explored and developed Kao-Taen product using materials within the community, and evaluated the product design and packaging label by specialists.

The research results suggested the outcome of product development, with Kao-Taen of 3 cm. in diameter and 1.5 cm. thick, the size allows for more convenient consumption by consumers. The design of packaging label in style 3 with mean 4.92 was considered most appropriate. The key factors contributing to the community product development included available materials in the community, community’s self-capability, presentation of community uniqueness, and low cost. 
Preliminary Study on the Pharmacology Practical Teaching Reform in Pharmacy in Higher Vocational Colleges
Authors: Xu Jiao , Gong Tao
Published: July 2016

Pharmacology training course is an important part of pharmacology teaching and an important means to let students understand and master the basic knowledge of pharmacology. In order to meet the requirements of high-quality technical talents under the new situation, this paper, by making corresponding reforms of current training in pharmacology teaching contents, methods, means and examination method, and tracking questionnaire survey on course effect, explores a training mode of pharmacology to adapt the new trend of vocational education. A total of 188 second-year pharmacy students participated in the study. Course assessment and questionnaire survey were used to evaluate the reformed course. Students in this course performed well. The number of students who failed to pass the exam is 0. The data from the questionnaires indicated that students generally held positive attitudes toward the innovative teaching contents and model. 
The New Battlefield: The Hidden History of U.S Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan
Authors: Ali Imran , Dong Xiaochuan
Published: July 2016

The United States foreign policy has been characterized as a long and zigzag history since the beginning of America in the late eighteenth century. This vital study is a part of this long history. During 1979 Soviets invaded Afghanistan and a Soviet-Afghan War was born, American’s major influence was to be towards this region and reforms in their foreign policy to expel the Soviets from Afghanistan. It took place between 1979 and 1989 about a decade. This study seeks to answer the following questions: “Which were the U.S key foreign policy in the context of Afghan-Soviet War during 1979 and 1989 under Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan Presidencies and how these Administrations provoked hard decisions against Soviet Union and established their own doctrines?” “How the U.S got the Afghan Mujahedeen’s confidence and funneled the billions of dollars and global dangerous weapons to them chest through Pakistani ISI to punish the Soviets in Afghanistan?” “How the U.S hidden actor’s played the key role in this war?” Results based on U.S recently declassified material regarding this war from 1979-89 and found that soon after the Soviets intervention of Afghanistan, U.S begun hidden supply to Afghan Mujahedeen chest through Pakistani ISI and both the U.S Presidents, Carter and Reagan, took hard decisions including established their doctrines to protect the Persian Gulf Region and its interests. In this game, Zbigniew Brzezinski, Charlie Wilson, William Casey, Howard Hart and Stansfield M Turner played the hidden role and finally expelled out the Soviets from Afghanistan.
Moving towards Home: An Ecofeminist Reading of Suheir Hammad’s Born Palestinian, Born Black
Authors: Mohsen Hamoud Yahya Ahmed , Hashim Ruzy Suliza , Asqalan Zain I.S.
Published: July 2016

This paper explores Suheir Hammad’s collection of poetry, Born Palestinian, Born Black from the perspective of ecofeminism. The discussion is focused on investigating the representations of Hammad’s double consciousness of Palestinianness and blackness and displaying the dual domination of women and nature embedded in the society of the homeland she left behind. The poems reveal that she depicts the two-ness of her consciousness by highlighting the psycho-social tensions she experiences in the two social contexts- the homeland and the current society of exile. Further, the anthology exhibits the sense of alignment between Palestinianness and blackness in her eyes that is manifested through a form of poetic kinship. They provide an understanding into her varied experience that transcends the limits of cultures and gives birth to a new ecofeminist perspective that promotes diversity. By explicating these crossroads imaged in her poetry, we hope to provide some insights into Hammad’s endeavors that complement those of recent ecofeminists, thereby setting up a common ground for building a symbiotic and ecofeministic society in which there is no male oppression or human exploitation.
Style of Pottery Products of Ban Tao Hai in Phitsanulok Province
Authors: Phinsakul Sanit , Soodsang Nirat , Pattana Niwat
Published: July 2016

The objective of this research was to investigate the history and analyze the style of pottery products of Ban Tao Hai in Phitsanulok province. The research procedure took on documentary study appeared with the stories of pottery products of Ban Tao Hai, and explore pottery products of Ban Tao Hai in the museums and those discovered in Phitsanulok province. Data analysis focused on the history, styles, decorative patterns, and marks or symbols observed. Research result demonstrated that the pottery products of Ban Tao Hai were located in the ancient kiln sites at Ban Tao Hai currently situated in the area of Ta Pakao Hai temple and Ta Pakao Hai school at Hua Raw sub-district, Amphur Muang, Phitsanulok province. It is a cluster of large kilns stacked up and lined up along the Nan River, the kilns with high-technology. The products were either earthenware or large stoneware such as jars, jugs, basins, and bowls. According to the survey and excavation on 2 April 1984 by the regional Office of Fine Arts of Sukhothai and Phitsanulok, a stack of 2 kilns was discovered, i.e. the brick-built crossdraft kilns in similar sizes called Phitsanulok Kiln 1 (PK.1) and Phitsanulok Kiln 2 (PK.2). Ban Tao Hai pottery products that the researcher found were kept in the museum and in the community, altogether 80 pieces. Most of them were not in perfect condition, and only some with perfect condition were in good storage. These 80 pieces were in 6 categories: 1) wide-mouth jar, 16 pieces; 2) flaring-mouth jar, 17 pieces; 3) basin, 2 pieces; 4) round-bottom pot, 3 pieces; 5) jarlet, 33 pieces; and 6) mortar, 9 pieces. Among them, 17 pieces were decorated with applied spiral design (Lai Kod Hoi) so called “Lai Ou”, 27 pieces with excised and impressed designs, and another 36 pieces were undecorated. They comprised 26 glazed and 54 unglazed pieces. One of the unique features of Ban Tao Hai pottery was the marks or symbols made by the potters on the body of workpieces. The study revealed 22 marked and 54 unmarked pieces of pottery.
Human Security Assessment in Kenya—The Case of Isiolo, Lakipia, Nandi and Elgeyo Marakwet Counties (Note 1)
Authors: Kumssa Asfaw , Kiriti-Nganga Tabitha W.
Published: July 2016

While human security concerns are critical in sub-Saharan Africa, initiatives to incorporate a human security orientation in development policies and planning are still rare. A human security approach to development requires the identification and integration of the needs of the vulnerable groups into development strategies of a country. A human security assessment is an effective tool for identifying threats to sustainable development and the factors that cause vulnerability of communities due to their geographic, demographic, and socio-cultural differences, and variations in the nature of institutions for development in their communities. This study presents the findings of a human security assessment conducted in four counties (Isiolo, Laikipia, Elgeyo Marakwet and Nandi) of Kenya. The assessment focuses on human security concerns arising from poverty, environmental degradation, political and human conflicts, health related problems, among others. Following an assessment and analysis of the human security threats in each of these counties, the study proposes intervention strategies that would reduce vulnerability and enhance human security among marginalized and disadvantaged groups in the target counties.
Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Exosomal MicroRNAs Suppress Myofibroblast Differentiation by Inhibiting the Transforming Growth Factor-β/SMAD2 Pathway During Wound Healing
Authors: Fang Shuo , Xu Chen , Zhang Yuntong , Xue Chunyu , Yang Chao , Bi Hongda , Qian Xijing , Wu Minjuan , Ji Kaihong , Zhao Yunpeng , Wang Yue , Liu Houqi , Xing Xin
Published: July 2016

Excessive scar formation caused by myofibroblast aggregations is of great clinical importance during skin wound healing. Studies have shown that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can promote skin regeneration, but whether MSCs contribute to scar formation remains undefined. We found that umbilical cord-derived MSCs (uMSCs) reduced scar formation and myofibroblast accumulation in a skin-defect mouse model. We found that these functions were mainly dependent on uMSC-derived exosomes (uMSC-Exos) and especially exosomal microRNAs. Through high-throughput RNA sequencing and functional analysis, we demonstrated that a group of uMSC-Exos enriched in specific microRNAs (miR-21, -23a, -125b, and -145) played key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting the transforming growth factor-β2/SMAD2 pathway. Finally, using the strategy we established to block miRNAs inside the exosomes, we showed that these specific exosomal miRNAs were essential for the myofibroblast-suppressing and anti-scarring functions of uMSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Our study revealed a novel role of exosomal miRNAs in uMSC-mediated therapy, suggesting that the clinical application of uMSC-derived exosomes might represent a strategy to prevent scar formation during wound healing.

Significance

Exosomes have been identified as a new type of major paracrine factor released by umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (uMSCs). They have been reported to be an important mediator of cell-to-cell communication. However, it is still unclear precisely which molecule or group of molecules carried within MSC-derived exosomes can mediate myofibroblast functions, especially in the process of wound repair. The present study explored the functional roles of uMSC-exosomal microRNAs in the process of myofibroblast formation, which can cause excessive scarring. This is an unreported function of uMSC exosomes. Also, for the first time, the uMSC-exosomal microRNAs were examined by high-throughput sequencing, with a group of specific microRNAs (miR-21, miR-23a, miR-125b, and miR-145) found to play key roles in suppressing myofibroblast formation by inhibiting excess α-smooth muscle actin and collagen deposition associated with activity of the transforming growth factor-β/SMAD2 signaling pathway.
Chondrocytes Derived From Mesenchymal Stromal Cells and Induced Pluripotent Cells of Patients With Familial Osteochondritis Dissecans Exhibit an Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Response and Defective Matrix Assembly
Authors: Xu Maojia , Stattin Eva-Lena , Shaw Georgina , Heinegård Dick , Sullivan Gareth , Wilmut Ian , Colman Alan , Önnerfjord Patrik , Khabut Areej , Aspberg Anders , Dockery Peter , Hardingham Timothy , Murphy Mary , Barry Frank
Published: July 2016

Familial osteochondritis dissecans (FOCD) is an inherited skeletal defect characterized by the development of large cartilage lesions in multiple joints, short stature, and early onset of severe osteoarthritis. It is associated with a heterozygous mutation in the ACAN gene, resulting in a Val-Met replacement in the C-type lectin domain of aggrecan. To understand the cellular pathogenesis of this condition, we studied the chondrogenic differentiation of patient bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (BM-MSCs). We also looked at cartilage derived from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) generated from patient fibroblasts. Our results revealed several characteristics of the differentiated chondrocytes that help to explain the disease phenotype and susceptibility to cartilage injury. First, patient chondrogenic pellets had poor structural integrity but were rich in glycosaminoglycan. Second, it was evident that large amounts of aggrecan accumulated within the endoplasmic reticulum of chondrocytes differentiated from both BM-MSCs and iPSCs. In turn, there was a marked absence of aggrecan in the extracellular matrix. Third, it was evident that matrix synthesis and assembly were globally dysregulated. These results highlight some of the abnormal aspects of chondrogenesis in these patient cells and help to explain the underlying cellular pathology. The results suggest that FOCD is a chondrocyte aggrecanosis with associated matrix dysregulation. The work provides a new in vitro model of osteoarthritis and cartilage degeneration based on the use of iPSCs and highlights how insights into disease phenotype and pathogenesis can be uncovered by studying differentiation of patient stem cells.

Significance

The isolation and study of patient stem cells and the development of methods for the generation of iPSCs have opened up exciting opportunities in understanding causes and exploring new treatments for major diseases. This technology was used to unravel the cellular phenotype in a severe form of inherited osteoarthritis, termed familial osteochondritis dissecans. The phenotypic abnormalities that give rise to cartilage lesions in these patients were able to be described via the generation of chondrocytes from bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells and iPSCs, illustrating the extraordinary value of these approaches in disease modeling.
Protestant Parallels to Nostra Aetate
Authors: Sherman Franklin
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Introduction: What Happened in 1965?
Authors: Suomala Karla
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Carol Bakhos. The Family of Abraham: Jewish, Christian, and Muslim Interpretations
Authors: Blidstein Moshe
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Zev Garber, Ed. Teaching the Historical Jesus: Issues and Exegesis
Authors: McGarry Michael
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Sara Lipton. Dark Mirror: The Medieval Origins of Anti-Jewish Iconography
Authors: Frojmovic Eva
Published: July 2016

No abstract is available.
Les imaginaires du livre et de la vie littéraire. Un projet historique, sociologique et sociocritique
Authors: Glinoer Anthony
Published: July 2016

Qu’est-ce que les fictions de la vie littéraire ont à nous apprendre sur le livre, l’édition, la lecture et sur les acteurs qui animent toute la chaîne du livre? Fruits des représentations que se font les écrivains du milieu où ils évoluent, les romans qui mettent en scène la vie littéraire possèdent un savoir réflexif particulier sur l’univers du livre. C’est à ce corpus étonnamment vaste des romans de la vie littéraire du xixe au xxie siècle que le Gremlin (Groupe de recherche sur les médiations littéraires et les institutions) a dédié l’essentiel de ses recherches. La publication d’ouvrages collectifs et de numéros de revue (Fictions du champ littéraire et Bohème sans frontière en 2010, « Le livre dans le livre » en 2011, Imaginaires de la vie littéraire en 2012, Romans à clés en 2014) s’est ajoutée à la publication en ligne des bibliographies des romans français et québécois de la vie littéraire et d’une vaste base de données contenant des fiches détaillées de plus de 80 romans (voir le site legremlin.org). Son intense activité de rassemblement de matériel brut et d’articles d’analyse (une centaine) a permis au Gremlin de cartographier le territoire de la vie littéraire fictionnelle en France. C’est quelques-uns de ces périmètres (la transmission de l’objet-livre, la mise en abyme du processus créateur à même la fiction, les formes de sociabilité comme les salons et les cénacles comme lieux de rencontre des acteurs fictifs principaux de la vie littéraire) que cet article s’attachera à dessiner. À titre d’exemple, je me pencherai plus longuement sur les figurations de l’éditeur dans le roman français. Autrefois presque invisibles dans les romans de la vie littéraire français, les personnages d’éditeurs abondent désormais : partant du roman qui a façonné durablement l’image fictionnelle de l’éditeur, Illusions perdues de Balzac (1839), je remonterai jusqu’à l’époque contemporaine pour étudier (chez Échenoz, Pennac, Robbe-Grillet, Christine Angot, etc.) les figurations de l’éditeur : ses traits physiques, ses lieux de sociabilité, sa fonction sociale et sa parole. Je montrerai que, contrairement à ce qui était de mise jusque dans les années 1970, cette dernière est souvent élevée à l’échelon de la parole de l’écrivain fictif pour exprimer la résistance à la marchandisation de la production littéraire.
History of the Book in Canada: The View from Here
Authors: Gerson Carole
Published: July 2016

National book history projects are both informative and provocative: informative for the resources they assemble and the knowledge they promote, and provocative for their omissions and limitations. The History of the Book in Canada/Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada (3 vols 2004-2007) provided a remarkable opportunity for a large community of researchers across the country to investigate myriad aspects of Canada’s print culture in an increasingly multicultural population. Their focal points included authorship, publishing, distribution, and reading. The project established a baseline for subsequent studies in areas that were revealed to be under-researched and it continues to inspire new scholarly investigations. Working in both official languages, HBiC/HLIC’s editorial team forged a model for bilingual scholarly dissemination, a format that is surprisingly rare in the humanities in Canada. At the national level, its three volumes and many offshoots have enriched Canadians’ knowledge about themselves; at the international level, the project has established the presence of a relatively small country within the realm of global book history. As international book history scholars become increasingly conscious of the need to situate their investigations within trans-national contexts, we invite them to consider Canada’s stories and examples.
Internationalité du marché du livre, le cas du Québec
Authors: Michon Jacques
Published: July 2016

Abordée pour la première fois dans la diversité de ses manifestations linguistiques et culturelles, l’histoire du livre au Canada tel que conçu dans le grand projet réalisé entre 2000 et 2007 a mis en évidence les facteurs transnationaux qui ont contribué à la façonner. Situé à la croisée de trois grandes zones d’influence politique et culturelle, française, britannique et américaine, le marché canadien du livre est caractérisé par une internationalité dont l’impact sur la production locale a été déterminant. Quinze ans après la publication des actes du colloque de Sherbrooke sur Les mutations du livre et de l’édition dans le monde du xviiiesiècle à l’an 2000 / Worldwide Changes in Book Publishing from the 18th Century to the Year 2000, et moins de dix ans après la publication du dernier volume de l’Histoire du livre et de l’imprimé au Canada (HLIC), la tendance à privilégier la double approche nationale et extranationale s’est confirmée. La perspective centrée sur les facteurs internes et externes ressort clairement des travaux récents de jeunes historiens du livre, notamment au Québec. Signés par plusieurs anciens membres de l’équipe de rédaction de l’HLIC, ces ouvrages ont permis de développer la réflexion sur les dimensions transnationales du marché du livre au Canada.
Looking Backward to the Future
Authors: Winship Michael
Published: July 2016

A key moment in the emergence of the history of the book as an independent discipline occurred in summer 1980, when the participants at the international conference “Books and Society in History” in Boston gathered to issue a manifesto defining the field and calling for institutional funding to support research. Thirty-five years on, my essay draws on my experience as an editor of and contributor to the A History of the Book in America series to explore how that History came to be shaped by discussions during a series of editorial board meetings during the 1990s. I conclude by suggesting a few ways that scholars and historians might now build on those foundations for future directions in their work in book history.
Les périodiques gais au Québec : évolution et transformations d’une presse au service d’une communauté
Authors: Giguère Nicholas
Published: July 2016

Au Québec, 144 périodiques gais, tous types confondus, ont vu le jour depuis 1971. De quelles façons la presse gaie s’est-elle transformée et comment s’est-elle adaptée aux besoins de la communauté gaie? Dans cet article, l’auteur analyse les changements relatifs aux conditions de production et de diffusion, à la matérialité et au contenu des périodiques gais au Québec, tout en insistant plus particulièrement sur trois cas : Le Tiers (1971-1972), Gai(e)s du Québec (1977-1979) et RG (1984-2012). Par l’examen des sommaires et des éditoriaux, il mettra en évidence les liens que ces publications entretiennent avec l’histoire de la communauté gaie.
Anon is Not Dead: Towards a History of Anonymous Authorship in Early-Twentieth-Century Britain1
Authors: Kopley Emily
Published: July 2016

In 1940, Virginia Woolf blamed the printing press for killing the oral tradition that had promoted authorial anonymity: “Anon is dead,” she pronounced. Scholarship on the printed word has abundantly recognized that, far from being dead, Anon remained very much alive in Britain through the end of the nineteenth century. Even in the twentieth century, Anon lived on, among particular groups and particular genres, yet little scholarship has addressed this endurance. Here, after defining anonymity and sketching its history in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, I offer three findings. First, women had less need for anonymity as they gained civil protections elsewhere, but anonymity still appealed to writers made vulnerable by their marginalized identities or risky views. Second, in the early twentieth century the genre most likely to go unsigned was autobiography, in all its forms. Third, on rare occasions, which I enumerate, strict anonymity achieves what pseudonymity cannot. I conclude by suggesting that among British modernist authors, the decline of practiced anonymity stimulated desired anonymity and the prizing of anonymity as an aesthetic ideal.
Las revistas académicas: entre la evaluación y el cumplimiento de su función social.
Authors: Arévalo-Guízar Gabriela , Rueda-Beltrán Mario
Published: July 2016

En el texto se plantea la necesidad de revisar el contexto de la evaluación del trabajo académico para poder entender las dificultades que tienen las revistas académicas latinoamericanas para cumplir con su evaluación a través del índice de impacto y la interacción con las empresas que lo emplean. De igual manera se describe la influencia que ejercen las editoriales comerciales sobre la producción y difusión del conocimiento. Se revisan algunas de las estrategias seguidas por las revistas latinoamericanas para hacer visible el conocimiento producido, al tiempo que se presenta la situación de las revistas mexicanas de investigación educativa en las bases de datos internacionales y regionales. Por último, a través de un ejercicio analítico de los criterios y políticas nacionales de evaluación de revistas mexicanas de investigación, se develan los mecanismos puestos en juego para sortear las pruebas que  un proceso de esta naturaleza conlleva
Participación escolar, apoyo familiar y desempeño en Matemáticas: El caso de México en PISA (2012)
Authors: Bazán Aldo , Backhoff Eduardo , Turullols Rafael
Published: July 2016

Este trabajo tuvo el propósito de conocer: 1) la estructura multidemensional y la validez convergente y divergente de dos constructos: Participación de los padres en la escuela, y Apoyo de los padres para el aprendizaje en el hogar y 2) la relación que tienen estos dos constructos con el desempeño de los estudiantes en matemáticas. El estudio se realizó con las bases de datos mexicana de PISA (2012); específicamente, con las respuestas de 33,806 padres de familia a 18 preguntas de los cuestionarios de familia, así como con las puntuaciones de matemáticas de sus hijos. Para lograr este objetivo se realizaron dos tipos de análisis: 1) Análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorios de las respuestas de las padres de familia y 2) Análisis Factoriales Confirmatorios de Trayectorias con las respuestas de los padres, como variables independientes y los resultados en matemáticas de sus hijos como variable dependiente. Los resultados muestran que el primer constructo se compone de tres dimensiones y que el segundo de dos, los que en conjunto tienen una carga una carga factorial que explica el 10% de la varianza en el rendimiento de matemáticas de los estudiantes.
Impacto de las pruebas en gran escala en contextos de débil tradición técnica: Experiencia de México y el Grupo Iberoamericano de PISA
Authors: Martínez-Rizo Felipe
Published: July 2016

El artículo inicia con un breve repaso del desarrollo de la psicometría, que destaca la brecha entre la situación de Estados Unidos y la de otros países, sobre todo de menor desarrollo, en cuanto a la existencia de personal calificado en temas técnicos complejos. En seguida se hacen consideraciones sobre la noción de validez y su importancia, en especial en cuanto a la validez de consecuencias. Luego se describe el impacto de las evaluaciones, con especial atención a las de gran escala y las internacionales, con el caso de PISA, considerando en especial el caso de países con una tradición psicométrica débil. En la conclusión se discute el tema, a partir de la experiencia de México y del Grupo Iberoamericano de PISA.
Lo que PISA nos mostró: claroscuros de la participación de Uruguay a lo largo de una década.
Authors: Peri Andrés , Sánchez María Helvetia , Silveira Adrián , Sotelo Mariana
Published: July 2016

El objetivo de este trabajo es compartir algunas reflexiones sobre lo que PISA ha permitido conocer y comprender del funcionamiento del sistema educativo nacional. Para ello se propone poner a la luz algunos de los resultados que emergen de la participación de Uruguay en PISA a lo largo de una década y resaltar algunas características del sistema educativo uruguayo en perspectiva comparada con otros países de la región. Por otro lado, se comparten algunas reflexiones locales sobre los aportes de una evaluación internacional como PISA, su enfoque y su rol en el marco de un sistema de información y de evaluaciones de aprendizajes nacional, y también, sobre cómo debieran analizarse, leerse y utilizarse sus resultados.
Capacidad evaluativa, validez cultural, y validez consecuencial en PISA
Authors: Solano-Flores Guillermo , Milbourn Tamara
Published: July 2016

La evaluaciones internacionales de estudiantes han desempeñado un papel cada vez más importante en la política educativa. Estas comparaciones internacionales basadas en pruebas generan información valiosa sobre el rendimiento del estudiantado de cada país participante y los factores sociales y contextuales asociados. Una imagen compleja de los factores culturales, económicos y sociales que dan forma a la participación de PISA empieza a emerger. Nuestro objetivo es entender la relación entre la capacidad evaluative nacional y la forma en que los países participan en estas comparaciones internacionales. Proponemos un marco conceptual para examinar la capacidad evaluativa como clave para abordar dos aspectos de la validez: cultural y consecuencial. Asimismo, se discuten las múltiples facetas de la capacidad evaluativa como condiciones para abordar la validez cultural y validez consecuencial en comparaciones internacionales.
Análisis metodológico del Proyecto PISA como evaluación internacional
Authors: Jornet Meliá Jesús Miguel
Published: July 2016

En este artículo el objetivo es realizar un análisis global del Proyecto PISA como programa de evaluación internacional. Asimismo, se analizan características metodológicas de los procesos métricos que sustentan los instrumentos que se utilizan en el proyecto: las pruebas de logro y los cuestionarios de contexto. Se identifican las fortalezas y debilidades del proyecto, en diversas áreas, desde el Diseño y validación del proyecto como programa de evaluación internacional, sus usos y modos de comunicación de resultados, hasta las características métricas de sus instrumentos. Se proponen alternativas para optimizar el uso del proyecto en general y en los países involucrados en particular.  Se concluye que se trata de un proyecto que, por su calidad metodológica e impacto socio-político es valioso, si bien tiene diferentes aspectos que podrían mejorarse -tanto como programa de evaluación, como en sus fundamentos de medición educativas- para que pudiera aportar informaciones de mayor calidad y que pudieran orientar decisiones de mejora.
Interpretaciones no intencionadas e intencionadas y usos de los resultados de PISA : Una perspectiva de validez consecuencial
Authors: Taut Sandy , Palacios Diego
Published: July 2016

Este artículo explora la relevancia de considerar las consecuencias de las pruebas como parte de las discusiones acerca de la validez, la investigación sobre validación, en el contexto del Programa Internacional para la Evaluación de Estudiantes de la OCDE, PISA. Lo primero que describe la concepción moderna de validez como un aspecto fundamental de la calidad de los ensayos y sistemas de pruebas, es que evoluciona en torno a las interpretaciones propuestas y usos de las puntuaciones de las pruebas: "La validez se refiere al grado en el cual la evidencia y la teoría apoyan las interpretaciones de las puntuaciones de las pruebas sobre las propuestas de su uso en los test. La validez es, por tanto, la consideración más fundamental en el desarrollo y evaluación de las pruebas. " (AERA, APA & SNEM, 2014, p. 11). En particular, nos centramos en el papel que han jugado sus consecuencias en la literatura sobre validez de la prueba y validación. Así como a continuación, introducimos PISA y sus interpretaciones y usos previstos como base para el examen de su validez. Esto es seguido por un resumen de los estudios empíricos existentes sobre los usos y consecuencias de PISA. Finalmente, el documento presenta piezas que faltan en la evidencia de validez en relación con las consecuencias y se analiza la importancia de una agenda pro-activa en estos temas por parte de los grupos de interés de PISA a nivel internacional y nacional.
Heat transfer of suspended carbon nanotube yarn to gases
Authors: Wada Yukiko , Kita Koji , Takei Kuniharu , Arie Takayuki , Akita Seiji
Published: July 2016

We investigate the pressure dependence of heat transfer to ambient gases for a suspended carbon nanotube yarn. The heat transport of the yarn including the heat exchange with surrounding gases is investigated using a simple one-dimensional heat transport model under Joule heating of the yarn. It is revealed that the effective diameter of the yarn for heat exchange is much smaller than the geometrical diameter of the yarn. This smaller effective diameter for heat exchange should contribute to realizing higher sensitivity and sensing over a wider range of pressures for heat-exchange-type vacuum gauges and flow sensors.
Effects of complexing agents on electrochemical deposition of FeSxOy thin films
Authors: Supee Aizuddin , Ichimura Masaya
Published: July 2016

FeS
x
O
y
thin films were deposited on indium–tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates at 15 °C via galvanostatic electrochemical deposition from an aqueous solution containing 100 mM Na2S2O3 and 30 mM FeSO4. The effects of l(+)-tartaric acid (C4H4O6) and lactic acid [CH3CH(OH)COOH] at different concentrations were investigated. All the deposited films were amorphous. With the complexing agents, the thickness was increased, and the oxygen content was reduced significantly compared with the sample deposited without the complexing agents. In the photoelectrochemical measurement, p-type conductivity was confirmed. The photoresponsivity was not influenced significantly by the complexing agent, suggesting that the oxygen content does not drastically affect the properties of the deposited films probably because the local bonding configuration around Fe atoms in FeS
x
O
y
is similar to that in FeS2.
Effect of gold migration on the morphology of germanium nanowires grown by a two-step growth method with temperature modulation
Authors: Xu Zhengyu , Usami Koichi , Simanullang Marolop , Noguchi Tomohiro , Kawano Yukio , Oda Shunri
Published: July 2016

Germanium nanowires (Ge NWs) grown at high temperatures (HTs) are investigated because of the demand for impurity doping. However, gold agglomeration, which occurs at HTs, results in undesired moundlike structures. A two-step growth technique with temperature modulation from low temperatures (LTs) to HTs was adopted to prevent gold agglomeration, thus revealing high-yield HT Ge NWs on top of LT Ge NWs. These Ge NWs can be classified into two groups on the basis of their shape. The timing of gold migration plays a crucial role in determining the shape of these NWs. Fat core–shell-like Ge NWs, where gold migration occurs as temperature increases, are due to the enhanced radial growth at HTs generated from the migrated gold nanoparticles on the NW sidewalls. However, for thin NWs, because Au seeds were stabilized on top of NWs until synthesis ended, the axial growth of Ge NWs continued at HTs.
Influence of the oxide thickness of a SiO2/Si(001) substrate on the optical second harmonic intensity of few-layer MoSe2
Authors: Miyauchi Yoshihiro , Morishita Ryo , Tanaka Masatoshi , Ohno Sinya , Mizutani Goro , Suzuki Takanori
Published: July 2016

The nonlinear optical properties of few-layer MoSe2 on a SiO2/Si substrate were investigated with our optical second harmonic generation (SHG) microscope. Few-layer flakes were mechanically exfoliated from a single crystal onto a 90- or 270-nm-thick SiO2-coated Si(001) substrate. The polar plot of the second-harmonic (SH) intensity from a mono- or trilayer MoSe2 flake as a function of the rotation angle of incident polarization shows a threefold symmetry, indicating that the isolated few-layer flakes retain their single crystallographic orientation. SHG spectra were found to depend strongly on the oxide thickness of the substrate (90 or 270 nm), which was interpreted using the interference among the multiply reflected SH light beams in the system. By taking this interference into account, a resonant peak may be identified at a two-photon energy of equal to or less than 2.9 eV in an SHG spectrum. The spatial resolution of the SHG microscope was estimated as 0.53 µm.
Surface nanobubbles studied by atomic force microscopy techniques: Facts, fiction, and open questions
Authors: Schönherr Holger , Hain Nicole , Walczyk Wiktoria , Wesner Daniel , Druzhinin Sergey I.
Published: July 2016

In this review surface nanobubbles, which are presumably gas-filled enclosures found at the solid–liquid interface, are introduced and discussed together with key experimental findings that suggest that these nanoscale features indeed exist and are filled with gas. The most prominent technique used thus far has been atomic force microscopy (AFM). However, due to its potentially invasive nature, AFM data must be interpreted with great care. Owing to their curved interface, the Laplace internal pressure of surface nanobubbles exceeds substantially the outside ambient pressure, and the experimentally observed long term stability is in conflict with estimates of gas transport rates and predicted surface nanobubble lifetimes. Despite recent explanations of both the stability and the unusual nanoscopic contact angles, the development of new co-localization approaches and the adequate analysis of AFM data of surface nanobubbles are important as a means to confirm the gaseous nature and correctly estimate the interfacial curvature.
Atomic force microscopy surface analysis of layered perovskite La2Ti2O7 particles grown by molten flux method
Authors: Orum Aslihan , Takatori Kazumasa , Hori Shigeo , Ikeda Tomiko , Yoshimura Masamichi , Tani Toshihiko
Published: July 2016

Rectangular platelike particles of La2Ti2O7, a layered perovskite, were synthesized in KCl, NaCl, and LiCl by the molten flux method. The formation mechanism of the equilibrium shape in these alkali chloride fluxes was discussed in terms of the surface and interfacial energies of crystallographic planes. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) observations revealed that the developed plane of the platelike particles is along the interlayers in the {110}-type layered crystal structure, and is considered to represent the lowest surface energy plane in which strong, periodic Ti–O bond chains terminate. Herein, for the first time, a growth mechanism for La2Ti2O7 particles is proposed and discussed. Triangular prism structures along the c-axis were observed on the developed planes of KCl-grown particles whereas no such structures were found on those of LiCl-grown ones. AFM measurements suggest that the prism facets are {210}-La2Ti2O7, which results in lower interfacial energy within KCl.