bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Upper thermal limits of cardiac function for Arctic cod Boreogadus saida, a key food web fish species in the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Drost H. E. , Carmack E. C. , Farrell A. P.
Published: May 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the upper thermal limits of Arctic cod Boreogadus saida by measuring the response of maximum heart rate (fHmax) to acute warming. One set of fish were tested in a field laboratory in Cambridge Bay (CB), Nunavut (north of the Arctic Circle), and a second set were tested after air transport to and 6 month temperature acclimation at the Vancouver Aquarium (VA) laboratory. In both sets of tests, with B. saida acclimated to 0° C, fHmax increased during acute warming up to temperatures considerably higher than the acclimation temperature and the near‐freezing Arctic temperatures in which they are routinely found. Indeed, fHmax increased steadily between 0·5 and 5·5° C, with no significant difference between the CB and VA tests (P > 0·05) and with an overall mean ± s.e. Q10 of 2·4 ± 0·5. The first Arrhenius breakpoint temperature (TAB) for fHmax was also statistically indistinguishable for the two sets of tests (mean ± s.e. 3·2 ± 0·3 and 3·6 ± 0·3° C), suggesting that the temperature optimum for B. saida could be reliably measured after live transport to a more southerly laboratory location. Continued warming above 5·5° C revealed a large variability among individuals in the upper thermal limits that triggered cardiac arrhythmia (Tarr), ranging from 10·2 to 15·2° C with mean ± s.e. 12·4 ± 0·4° C (n = 11) for the field study. A difference did exist between the CB and VA breakpoint temperatures when the Q10 value decreased below 2 (the Q10 breakpoint temperature; TQB) at 8·0 and 5·5° C, respectively. These results suggest that factors, other than thermal tolerance and associated cardiac performance, may influence the realized distribution of B. saida within the Arctic Circle.
Limiting antenatal weight gain improves maternal health outcomes in severely obese pregnant women: findings of a pragmatic evaluation of a midwife‐led intervention
Authors: McGiveron A. , Foster S. , Pearce J. , Taylor M. A. , McMullen S. , Langley‐Evans S. C.
Published: May 2014

Background

Antenatal obesity in pregnancy is associated with complications of pregnancy and poor obstetric outcomes. Although most guidance on pregnancy weight is focused on the prepregnancy period, pregnancy is widely viewed as a period where women are open to lifestyle change to optimise their health.

Methods

The hospital‐based Bumps and Beyond intervention invited all pregnant women with a body mass index (BMI) >35 kg m−2 to take part in a programme of health education around diet and exercise, accompanied by one‐to‐one guidance and monitoring of dietary change. This service evaluation compares 89 women who completed at a programme of seven sessions with healthy lifestyle midwives and advisors (intervention) versus a group of 89 women who chose not to attend (non‐intervention).

Results

Mean (SD) weight gain in the intervention group [4.5 (4.6) kg] was less than in the non‐intervention group [10.3 (4.4) kg] between antenatal booking and 36 weeks of gestation (< 0.001). This was associated with a 95% reduction in the risk of gestational hypertension during pregnancy and a general reduction in pregnancy complications. There was no effect of the intervention upon gestational diabetes or complications in labour other than post‐partum haemorrhage (reduced by 55%). The impact of the intervention on gestational weight gain was greater in women with BMI >40 kg m−2 at booking. There were no adverse effects of the intervention, even though 21% of the intervention group lost weight during their pregnancy.

Conclusions

Intensive, personalised weight management intervention may be an effective strategy for the prevention of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy.
A ‘lost life’: coming to terms with haemodialysis
Authors: Monaro Susan , Stewart Glenn , Gullick Janice
Published: May 2014

Aims and objectives

To describe the essence of the lived experience of patients and families in the early phase of long‐term haemodialysis therapy.

Background

Past qualitative research has taken a long‐term view describing established haemodialysis therapy as it impacts on physical limitations and changes in self‐concept, psychosocial well‐being and sense of dignity with subsequent consequences for family roles and financial status.

Design

This study used the qualitative approach of Heideggerian phenomenology.

Methods

Eleven patients with end‐stage kidney disease who had recently initiated haemodialysis and five family carers engaged in semi‐structured interviews. These were recorded and transcribed verbatim and analysed using an hermeneutic framework.

Results

The essence of the early dialysis experience was a ‘lost life’, and participants were overwhelmed by shock and grief. This appeared to result from a lack of mental and physical preparation for dialysis as a long‐term management strategy. A loss of sense of self, loss of spontaneity and personal freedom and loss of social connectedness challenged the participants' ability to contribute to family and community. Changed body sensations ranged from improved wellness to a sense of depletion and fatigue. Family caregivers found the caring role was unremitting and required intense vigilance.

Conclusions

Patients and family members in the early phase of dialysis may have difficulty perceiving a positive future.

Relevance to clinical practice

A greater focus on preparation for the possibility of dialysis and frameworks of care that support adjustment to this new way of life are of vital importance. Family presence during haemodialysis and support groups for patients and family should be actively facilitated.
Home recovery following day surgery: a patient perspective
Authors: Mitchell Mark
Published: May 2014

Aims and objectives

To investigate aspects of care potentially most influencing home recovery following day surgery.

Background

Elective surgery undertaken on a day‐case basis is expanding. Many medical aspects of recovery have been investigated although less is known about the psychosocial view of postdischarge recovery. Greater insight into such issues is required for the development of a more coordinated nurse‐led approach.

Design

Cross‐sectional questionnaire.

Method

As part of a larger study, questionnaires were distributed to 2401 adult patients on the day of operation (September 2010–October 2011) to examine patients' experiences of psychosocial recovery. Participants were requested to complete and return the questionnaire by mail one week after surgery with 684 returned.

Results

Eighty‐five per cent were fully prepared for all events during home recovery. Satisfaction with pre‐ and postoperative surgical information was high although less so anaesthetic information. Using factor analysis, preoperative information, pain management, postdischarge information, anxiety management, postoperative nausea and vomiting, help and rest once home were central features. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated pre‐ and postoperative information provision to have a statistically significant positive association with patients' being ‘fully prepared for all events during home recover’. Unsatisfactory pain management, increased anxiety and reduced help once home had a statistically significant negative association with patients' being ‘fully prepared for all events during home recovery’.

Conclusion

Focusing on the delivery of surgical and anaesthetic information, managing pain and anxiety and ensuring support once home may help to enhance recovery. A more comprehensive plan embracing such aspects could help enhance the day surgery patients' experience.

Relevance to clinical practice

Increased satisfaction and surgical/anaesthetic information are central to the continued success of minimal‐stay surgery. A broader hospital/home strategy is required as too frequently nursing care can become fragmented between the preoperative outpatient visit, preassessment, day of surgery and postoperative outpatient visit.
Corpus Callosum Atrophy Correlates with Gray Matter Atrophy in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Klawiter Eric C. , Ceccarelli Antonia , Arora Ashish , Jackson Jonathan , Bakshi Sonya , Kim Gloria , Miller Jennifer , Tauhid Shahamat , von Gizycki Christian , Bakshi Rohit , Neema Mohit
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE

Atrophy of the corpus callosum is a recognized characteristic of multiple sclerosis (MS). We describe a new reliable method for measuring corpus callosum atrophy and correlate this with global cerebral atrophy measures.

METHODS

Whole brain 3T MRI was performed in 38 relapsing‐remitting MS subjects and 21 healthy controls (HC). Brain global gray and white matter volumes were segmented with SPM8. The contour of the corpus callosum was outlined on the midline of 3‐D T1‐weighted images by a semiautomated edge‐detection technique to determine the corpus callosum area (CCA). Normalized CCA was correlated with other brain atrophy measures in MS subjects.

RESULTS

CCA was disproportionately lower in MS subjects vs. HC (20.1% mean decrease; P < .001), with a large effect size (d = .62) when compared with global atrophy measures. In MS subjects, CCA correlated with brain parenchymal fraction (r = .55; P < .001) and gray matter fraction (r = .45; P = .005) but not white matter fraction (r = .18; P = .29). An inverse correlation with FLAIR hyperintense lesion volume (r = −.40; P = .01) was detected for CCA.

CONCLUSION

Measurement of atrophy of the corpus callosum can have sensitivity as a useful imaging biomarker in patients with MS, even in patients with low disability levels. Both gray and white matter involvement in MS contribute to corpus callosum atrophy.
Characterization of Bacillus altitudinis as a New Causative Agent of Bacterial Soft Rot
Authors: Elbanna Khaled , Elnaggar Sameh , Bakeer Abdelradi
Published: May 2014

A total of 67 bacterial isolates were obtained from apple and pear fruits with signs of soft rot collected from Egyptian markets. Pathogenicity tests showed that 25 isolates (37%) were pathogenic to apple and pear fruits, with considerable variation of virulence. Among these isolates, 16 (64%) were Gram‐positive, motile, spore‐forming long rods and were identified as members of the genus Bacillus based on an API test. In addition, five isolates (20%) were Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, motile, oxidase and catalase‐positive short rods and were identified as members of the genus Pseudomonas. Furthermore, four isolates (16%) were Gram‐negative, non‐spore‐forming, motile, catalase‐positive and oxidase negative short rods and were identified as belonging to the genus Erwinia. All selected isolates showed a wide host range and could cause soft rot of all representative fruits and vegetables tested. The three most virulent isolates, AB4, AB6 and PB6, exhibited the highest soft rot severity on different apple and pear cultivars, and apple cv. Anna (116) was the most susceptible to infection by isolates AB4 and AB6, with soft rot severities of 63.33 and 60.67%, respectively. Also, pear cv. Le‐Conte was most susceptible to infection by isolate AB6, with a soft rot severity of 89.9%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains AB4 and AB6 were very similar to one another and also showed a similarity of 99% to Bacillus altitudinis, and strain PB6 revealed a similarity of 99% to Bacillus pumilus. To our knowledge, this is the first report of B. altitudinis as a soft rot pathogen for both apple and pear fruits.
Characterization of Prorocentrum elegans and Prorocentrum levis (Dinophyceae) from the southeastern Bay of Biscay by morphology and molecular phylogeny
Authors: David Helena , Laza‐Martínez Aitor , García‐Etxebarria Koldo , Riobó Pilar , Orive Emma
Published: May 2014

Benthic Prorocentrum species can produce toxins that adversely affect animals and human health. They are known to co‐occur with other bloom‐forming, potentially toxic, benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Ostreopsis, Coolia, and Gambierdiscus. In this study, we report on the presence of P. elegans M.Faust and P. levis M.A.Faust, Kibler, Vandersea, P.A. Tester & Litaker from the southeastern Bay of Biscay. Sampling was carried out in the Summer‐Autumn 2010–2012 along the Atlantic coast of the Iberian Peninsula, but these two species were only found in the northeastern part of the Peninsula. Strains were isolated from macroalgae collected from rocky‐shore areas bordering accessible beaches. Morphological traits of isolated strains were analyzed by LM and SEM, whereas molecular analyses were performed using the LSU and internal transcribed spacer (ITS)1‐5.8S‐ITS2 regions of the rDNA. A bioassay with Artemia fransciscana and liquid chromatography–high‐resolution mass spectrometry analyses were used to check the toxicity of the species, whose results were negative. The strains mostly corresponded to their species original morphological characterization, which is supported by the phylogenetic analyses in the case of P. levis, whereas for P. elegans, this is the first known molecular characterization. This is also the second known report of P. elegans.
Cystatin C: A New Renal Marker and Its Potential Use in Small Animal Medicine
Authors: Ghys L. , Paepe D. , Smets P. , Lefebvre H. , Delanghe J. , Daminet S.
Published: May 2014

The occurrence of chronic kidney disease is underestimated in both human and veterinary medicine. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is considered the gold standard for evaluating kidney function. However,GFRassessment is time‐consuming and labor‐intensive and therefore not routinely used in practice. The commonly used indirectGFRmarkers, serum creatinine (sCr) and urea, are not sufficiently sensitive or specific to detect early renal dysfunction. Serum cystatin C (sCysC), a proteinase inhibitor, has most of the properties required for an endogenousGFRmarker. In human medicine, numerous studies have evaluated its potential use as aGFRmarker in several populations. In veterinary medicine, this marker is gaining interest. The measurement is easy, which makes it an interesting parameter for clinical use. This review summarizes current knowledge about cystatin C (CysC) in humans, dogs, and cats, including its history, assays, relationship withGFR, and biological and clinical variations in both human and veterinary medicine.
Temporal dynamics of prokaryotic communities in the marine sponge Sarcotragus spinosulus
Authors: Hardoim Cristiane C. P. , Costa Rodrigo
Published: May 2014

In spite of their putative relevance to host functioning, in‐depth knowledge of sponge microbiome stability over time is scarce. This study tackles the temporal maintenance of bacterial and archaeal assemblages in the model host Sarcotragus spinosulus along three successive years. Prokaryotic communities were profiled by polymerase chain reaction‐denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR‐DGGE) and 454‐pyrosequencing of S. spinosulus‐derived 16S rRNA gene amplicons. Prevailing bacterial phyla were Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, Poribacteria, PAUC34f, Chloroflexi and Bacteroidetes, with Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Poribacteria showing different abundances over the years. At the approximate species level (operational taxonomic units, OTUs, defined at 97% sequence similarity), no major changes in bacterial richness and composition were found through time. Nearly 50% of all detected bacterial symbionts (96 in 205 OTUs) were recovered from all sampling years, whereas a taxonomically equivalent community of less dominant bacteria characterized the transient sponge microbiota. Despite the evidence for temporal symbiont maintenance, an intriguing cumulative degree of variation between individuals was unravelled, with all the surveyed sponge specimens sharing only 27 bacterial OTUs. Archaeal communities were dominated by one single symbiont of the candidate genus Nitrosopumilus (Thaumarchaeota), known for its ability to aerobically oxidize ammonia to nitrite. Only few bacterial ammonia oxidizers consistently occurred in S. spinosulus across the years as documented by PCR‐DGGE fingerprinting. In conclusion, prokaryotic symbionts of S. spinosulus display a state of dynamic stability shaped by the interplay between the maintenance of dominant players and turnover of less prevalent community members, in time and across host individuals, with no apparent consequences to holobiont functioning.
An ‘Upp'‐turn in bacteriocin receptor identification
Authors: Cotter Paul D.
Published: May 2014

Bacteriocins are gene encoded, bacterially produced antimicrobial peptides that have been the focus of considerable scientific interest but which are relatively underutilized by the food, veterinary and medical industries. One means via which the latter issue can be overcome is through a better understanding of how these peptides work or, more specifically, the identification of bacteriocin receptors and the subsequent application of such information to enhance the potency, and commercial value, of bacteriocins. For a time since the identification of lipid II and subunits of the mannose phosphotransferase system as receptors for several class I (modified) and class II (unmodified) bacteriocins, respectively, there were relatively few developments in this area. However, a number of recent studies have addressed this issue, resulting in the identification of a maltose ABC transporter and metallopeptidase as the targets for the garvicin ML (class IIc) and LsbB (class IId) bacteriocins, respectively, and, most recently, the identification of UppP as the receptor for lactococcin G and enterocin 1071 (both class IIb). In addition to these exciting discoveries, the development, and further application, of new strategies to facilitate receptor identification has the potential to lead to even further breakthroughs in bacteriocin research.
The Role of Hierarchy in Face‐to‐Face and E‐Supported Mediations: The Use of an Online Intake to Balance the Influence of Hierarchy
Authors: Bollen Katalien , Euwema Martin
Published: May 2014

This study investigates the effects of hierarchical differences on mediation satisfaction in e‐supported mediations compared to face‐to‐face mediations. Specifically, we compare face‐to‐face mediations and mediations in which an online intake is used before the joint face‐to‐face session (hybrid types of mediation). We assume that the use of an online intake before the joint mediation mitigates the effects of hierarchy on parties' satisfaction with the mediation. To test our hypotheses, we use data from real mediation cases dealing with hierarchical labor conflicts in the Netherlands. In line with our hypothesis, results show that supervisors feel more satisfied with the mediation when involved in a face‐to‐face mediation, but subordinates and supervisors feel equally satisfied when an online intake is used before the mediation. Implications for mediation theory and practice are discussed.
The role of hope in conflict management and relational maintenance
Authors: MEROLLA ANDY J.
Published: May 2014

Rooted in hope theory, this study examined how dispositional and relationship‐specific hope influence communication in romantic relationships. In Study 1a, dispositional hope was positively associated with active and constructive conflict responses and negatively associated with passive and destructive conflict responses. In Study 1b, dispositional hope was mainly a positive predictor of active and constructive responses. Hope was also found to predict certain relational maintenance behaviors. Study 2 then examined the influence of hope in specific relational conflict episodes. Dispositional and relationship‐specific hope predicted unique variance in conflict goals and styles. High‐ relative to low‐hope individuals reported more prorelationship goals and fewer hostility‐domination goals. They also reported greater integrative problem solving and less personal attacking, withdrawal, and third‐party assistance.
Cardiac sensitivity in children: Sex differences and its relationship to parameters of emotional processing
Authors: Koch Anne , Pollatos Olga
Published: May 2014

In adults, the level of ability to perceive one's own body signals plays an important role for many concepts of emotional experience as demonstrated for emotion processing or emotion regulation. Representative data on perception of body signals and its emotional correlates in children is lacking. Therefore, the present study investigated the cardiac sensitivity of 1,350 children between 6 and 11 years of age in a heartbeat perception task. Our main findings demonstrated the distribution of cardiac sensitivity in children as well as associations with interpersonal emotional intelligence and adaptability. Furthermore, independent of body mass index, boys showed a significantly higher cardiac sensitivity than girls. We conclude that cardiac sensitivity in children appears to show weaker but similar characteristics and relations to emotional parameters as found in adults, so that a dynamic developmental process can be assumed.
Relative incidences and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection following transplantation of unrelated cord blood, unrelated bone marrow, and related peripheral blood in adult patients: a single institute study
Authors: Hosokawa K. , Takami A. , Tsuji M. , Araoka H. , Ishiwata K. , Takagi S. , Yamamoto H. , Asano‐Mori Y. , Matsuno N. , Uchida N. , Masuoka K. , Wake A. , Makino S. , Yoneyama A. , Nakao S. , Taniguchi S.
Published: May 2014

Background

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of nosocomial diarrhea. The incidence and prognosis of C. difficile‐associated diarrhea (CDAD) has not yet been assessed in adult patients after unrelated cord blood transplantation (uCBT).

Methods

The medical records of 135 adult unrelated cord blood transplant recipients were reviewed retrospectively to investigate the clinical features of CDAD after uCBT. These data were compared to medical records of 39 unrelated bone marrow transplant recipients and 27 related peripheral blood stem cell transplant recipients as controls.

Results

A total of 17 recipients developed CDAD, with onset occurring at a median of 22 days (range, 0–56 days) after transplantation. Among the unrelated cord blood transplant recipients, 11 (9%) developed CDAD. These results were comparable with those of CDAD after unrelated bone marrow transplantation (uBMT) (2/39, 6%) and related peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (rPBSCT) (4/27, 16%) (P = 0.37). Fifteen of the infected recipients were successfully treated with oral metronidazole, vancomycin, or cessation of antibiotics. The remaining 2 recipients who developed CDAD after uCBT died of other causes. The development of CDAD did not negatively affect overall survival after uCBT.

Conclusions

These data indicate that the incidence and prognosis of CDAD after uCBT are comparable with those after uBMT and rPBSCT.
Development of echinocandin‐resistant Candida albicans candidemia following brief prophylactic exposure to micafungin therapy
Authors: Ruggero M.A. , Topal J.E.
Published: May 2014

Empiric antifungal coverage is indicated in patients with graft‐versus‐host disease (GVHD) following a stem cell transplant (SCT) who are febrile and neutropenic for extended periods of time. Empiric antifungal coverage is indicated for patients with hematologic malignancies who have persistent fever and neutropenia as well as patients who have GVHD following SCT. Although the prophylactic use of antifungals is a cornerstone of the care for such patients, the selection of the particular antifungal is at the discretion of the clinician. We report a patient case whose surveillance blood cultures obtained 14 days after the switch from voriconazole to micafungin were positive for the growth of Candida albicans. Clinicians prescribing echinocandin therapy for antifungal prophylaxis must be aware of the risks of echinocandin resistance and possible breakthrough candidemia with C. albicans.
Elevated salicylic acid levels conferred by increased expression of ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1 contribute to hyperaccumulation of SUMO1 conjugates in the Arabidopsis mutant early in short days 4
Authors: Villajuana‐Bonequi Mitzi , Elrouby Nabil , Nordström Karl , Griebel Thomas , Bachmair Andreas , Coupland George
Published: May 2014

Post‐translational modification of proteins by attachment of small ubiquitin‐like modifier (SUMO) is essential for plant growth and development. Mutations in the SUMO protease early in short days 4 (ESD4) cause hyperaccumulation of conjugates formed between SUMO and its substrates, and phenotypically are associated with extreme early flowering and impaired growth. We performed a suppressor mutagenesis screen of esd4 and identified a series of mutants called suppressor of esd4 (sed), which delay flowering, enhance growth and reduce hyperaccumulation of SUMO conjugates. Genetic mapping and genome sequencing indicated that one of these mutations (sed111) is in the gene salicylic acid induction‐deficient 2 (SID2), which encodes ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE I, an enzyme required for biosynthesis of salicylic acid (SA). Analyses showed that compared with wild‐type plants, esd4 contains higher levels of SID2 mRNA and about threefold more SA, whereas sed111 contains lower SA levels. Other sed mutants also contain lower SA levels but are not mutant for SID2, although most reduce SID2 mRNA levels. Therefore, higher SA levels contribute to the small size, early flowering and elevated SUMO conjugate levels of esd4. Our results support previous data indicating that SUMO homeostasis influences SA biosynthesis in wild‐type plants, and also demonstrate that elevated levels of SA strongly increase the abundance of SUMO conjugates.
Identification of a recently active Prunus‐specific non‐autonomous Mutator element with considerable genome shaping force
Authors: Halász Júlia , Kodad Ossama , Hegedűs Attila
Published: May 2014

Miniature inverted‐repeat transposable elements (MITEs) are known to contribute to the evolution of plants, but only limited information is available for MITEs in the Prunus genome. We identified a MITE that has been named Falling Stones, FaSt. All structural features (349‐bp size, 82‐bp terminal inverted repeats and 9‐bp target site duplications) are consistent with this MITE being a putative member of the Mutator transposase superfamily. FaSt showed a preferential accumulation in the short AT‐rich segments of the euchromatin region of the peach genome. DNA sequencing and pollination experiments have been performed to confirm that the nested insertion of FaSt into the S‐haplotype‐specific F‐box gene of apricot resulted in the breakdown of self‐incompatibility (SI). A bioinformatics‐based survey of the known Rosaceae and other genomes and a newly designed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay verified the Prunoideae‐specific occurrence of FaSt elements. Phylogenetic analysis suggested a recent activity of FaSt in the Prunus genome. The occurrence of a nested insertion in the apricot genome further supports the recent activity of FaSt in response to abiotic stress conditions. This study reports on a presumably active non‐autonomous Mutator element in Prunus that exhibits a major indirect genome shaping force through inducing loss‐of‐function mutation in the SI locus.
Wound healing in acutely injured fascia
Authors: Lau Frank H. , Pomahac Bohdan
Published: May 2014

Fascial healing following acute injury, such as that occurring during surgical procedures, is defined functionally. For example, failure of fascial healing following celiotomy is only identified when incisional hernias are diagnosed. Such hernias incur billions of dollars per year in medical costs. Despite the importance of fascial healing, there is a paucity of data regarding the quality such healing. In clinical settings, the quantification of fascial wound healing is limited to a binary state: either there is no clinically apparent functional deficit and full fascia healing is assumed, or an incisional hernia or other functional failure is visible and the fascia did not heal. There are no clinical methods to isolate and functionally test fascia in patients. Recent studies have revealed unexpected findings regarding the recovery of tensile strength, specific surgical methods that optimize fascial healing, and the potential impact of biological pharmaceuticals in eliminating fascial healing failure. However, much remains unknown about the biology of fascial healing.
Rotational alignment of the tibial component in total knee arthroplasty: the anterior tibial cortex is a reliable landmark
Authors: Baldini Andrea , Indelli Pier , De Luca Lapo , Mariani Pierpaolo , Marcucci Massimiliano
Published: May 2014

Purpose: to compare the anterior tibial surface curvature, the Akagi’s line and the medial third of the tibial tubercle in order to assess which is the most reliable landmark for correct tibial component rotational positioning in total knee arthroplasty.

Methods: three independent investigators reviewed 124 knee MRI scans. The most suitable tibial baseplate tracing for the Nexgen Total Knee System (Zimmer, Warsaw, USA) was superimposed on the scan matching the anterior tibial cortex with the anterior aspect of the baseplate. The rotation of the tibial baseplate tracing was calculated with respect to the transepicondylar axis (TEA), the medial third of the tibial tubercle line, Akagi’s line and the femoral posterior condylar axis (PCA). Customized software was created and used for analysis of the MRI datasets.The reliability of each measurement was then calculated by using the intraclass correlation coefficient for interobserver agreement.

Results: observer agreement on the position of the Akagi’s line was within 3° in 64% of the cases and within 5°in 85% of the cases. Agreement on the position of the medial third of the tibial tubercle was within 3°in 29% of the cases and within 5°in 70% of the cases. Agreement on the localization of the anterior tibial surface curvature was within 3°in 89% of the cases and within 5°in 99% of the cases. Component alignment along the anterior cortex guaranteed full matching ± 3° with the epicondylar axis in 75% of the knees.

Conclusions: the anterior tibial surface curvature was found to be a more reliable and more easily identifiable landmark for correct tibial component alignment than either Akagi’s line or the medial third of the tibialtubercle.

Level of evidence: level III, retrospective cohort study.
Polyurethane scaffold for the treatment of partial meniscal tears. Clinical results with a minimum two-year follow-up
Authors: Bulgheroni Paolo , Bulgheroni Erica , Regazzola Gianmarco , Mazzola Claudio
Published: May 2014

Purpose: to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of the polyurethane meniscal scaffold through clinical examination, MRI and arthroscopic second look, over a minimum two-year follow-up.

Methods: between 2009 and 2011, 19 patients underwent meniscal scaffold implantation in our department (medial meniscus in 16 cases lateral meniscus in two cases, and bilateral in one case). All the patients were clinically evaluated preoperatively, and at 6, 12, and 24 months after surgery using Lysholm score, Tegner score, and VAS. Ten patients were studied with MRI, and nine patients were evaluated arthroscopically.

Results: no adverse reactions to the implant were observed. The clinical scores showed a significant improvement at 6 months and increased progressively over time. On MRI studies, the implants showed a clear hyperintense signal, sometimes irregular, and the chondral surface was preserved in all cases. At arthroscopic second look in the first months after surgery, the scaffold size was unchanged and the scaffold appeared light yellowish in color and well integrated into the surrounding tissues. At arthroscopic second look at 12 and 24 months the scaffold was found to have an irregular morphology and to be slightly reduced in size.

Conclusions: polyurethane meniscal scaffold is a good alternative to a collagen scaffold, but a longer follow-up is needed to evaluate the scaffold degradation and chondral coverage.

Level of Evidence: level IV, therapeutic case series.
The treatment of chondral lesions of the knee with the microfracture technique and platelet-rich plasma
Authors: Manunta Andrea , Manconi Anna
Published: May 2014

Purpose: to assess the efficacy of associating the microfracture technique with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections in the treatment of chondral lesions to promote acceleration and optimization of the healing process compared with the traditional microfracture approach.

Methods: from September 2011 to August 2012, 20 patients (9 males and 11 females, aged 30-55 years) were treated. All presented with chondral lesions of the medial femoral condyle of the knee and a pain duration ranging from 8 to 12 months.

The patients were randomized into two groups (A and B). Group A was treated with the microfracture technique and a total of three intra-articular injections of PRP. Group B was treated with microfractures alone. Clinical follow-up was performed at 3, 6 and 12 months after treatment. Clinical function was assessed on the basis of the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Pain was evaluated using a visual analogue scale (VAS)

Results: the patients in group A had a mean baseline IKDC score of 31.2, which rose to 84.2 at 12 months. The IKDC scores in group B were at 30.1 at baseline and 81 at 12 months.

Conclusions: the results of our study suggest that functional recovery and resolution of pain are obtained more quickly in PRP-treated patients. We also observed a better functional outcome in the patients treated with the combination of PRP and microfractures, even at 12 months, although the difference was not statistically significant.

Level of evidence: level II, randomized clinical study.
Global rates of marine sulfate reduction and implications for sub–sea-floor metabolic activities
Authors: Bowles Marshall W. , Mogollón José M. , Kasten Sabine , Zabel Matthias , Hinrichs Kai-Uwe
Published: May 2014

Sulfate reduction is a globally important redox process in marine sediments, yet global rates are poorly quantified. We developed an artificial neural network trained with 199 sulfate profiles, constrained with geomorphological and geochemical maps to estimate global sulfate-reduction rate distributions. Globally, 11.3 teramoles of sulfate are reduced yearly (~15% of previous estimates), accounting for the oxidation of 12 to 29% of the organic carbon flux to the sea floor. Combined with global cell distributions in marine sediments, these results indicate a strong contrast in sub–sea-floor prokaryote habitats: In continental margins, global cell numbers in sulfate-depleted sediment exceed those in the overlying sulfate-bearing sediment by one order of magnitude, whereas in the abyss, most life occurs in oxic and/or sulfate-reducing sediments.
Draft Genome Sequence of the First Isolate of Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in New Zealand
Authors: O'Toole Ronan F. , Johari Bushra M. , Mac Aogáin Micheál , Rogers Thomas R. , Bower James E. , Basu Indira , Freeman Joshua T.
Published: May 2014

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis has now been described in >90 countries worldwide. The first case of XDR tuberculosis (XDR-TB) in New Zealand was recorded in 2010. We report the draft whole-genome sequence of the New Zealand isolate, NZXDR1, and describe a number of single-nucleotide polymorphisms that relate to drug resistance.
Draft Genome Sequence of Elizabethkingia meningoseptica Isolated from a Traumatic Wound
Authors: Quick Joshua , Constantinidou Chrystala , Pallen Mark J. , Oppenheim Beryl , Loman Nicholas J.
Published: May 2014

We report the draft genome assembly of
Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
strain 502. The sample was isolated from the wound of a repatriated military serviceperson who suffered major trauma from an improvised explosive device (IED), resulting in wounds with extensive environmental contamination.
E. meningoseptica
was isolated from wounds in both legs. The draft genome assembly has 21 contigs with a total size of 3,960,744 bases. The genome contains genes encoding 26 putative β-lactamases.
Whole-Genome Sequence of a Classical Swine Fever Virus Isolated from the Uttarakhand State of India
Authors: Kumar Ravi , Rajak Kaushal Kishor , Chandra Tribhuwan , Thapliyal Ashish , Muthuchelvan Dhanavelu , Sudhakar Shashi Bhushan , Sharma Kuldeep , Saxena Arpit , Raut Sachin D. , Singh Vinod Kumar , Ahmad Zubair , Kumar Ajay , Chaudhary Dheeraj , Singh Raj Kumar , Pandey Awadh Bihari
Published: May 2014

We report the first complete genome sequence of a classical swine fever (CSF) virus of subgenotype 2.2. The virus (CSFV/IND/UK/LAL-290) was isolated from the Uttarakhand state of India from a backyard pig suspected of having CSF. This genome sequence will give useful insight for future molecular epidemiological studies and the development of an effective vaccine in India.
Genome Sequence of Pseudomonas brassicacearum DF41
Authors: Loewen Peter C. , Switala Jack , Fernando W. G. Dilantha , de Kievit Teri
Published: May 2014

Pseudomonas brassicacearum
DF41, a Gram-negative soil bacterium, is able to suppress the fungal pathogen
Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
through a process known as biological control. Here, we present a 6.8-Mb assembly of its genome, which is the second fully assembled genome of a
P. brassicacearum
strain.
Genome Sequence of Salmonella enterica subsp.
enterica
Strain Durban
Authors: Russell Daniel A. , Bowman Charles A. , Hatfull Graham F.
Published: May 2014

We report the genome sequence of
Salmonella enterica
subsp.
enterica
strain Durban, isolated from a patient with salmonellosis and typhoid fever. The strain is closely related to
S. enterica
subsp.
enterica
strain P125109 but differs in loss of the ϕSE20 prophage and acquisition of a prophage similar to ELPhiS.
Draft Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli E1728 Isolated from Marine Sediment in Hong Kong
Authors: Lai Jennifer Y. H. , Zhang Hao , Chiang Miranda H. Y. , Yu Min , Zhang Rui , Lau Stanley C. K.
Published: May 2014

Recent findings of
Escherichia coli
persisting autochthonously in environmental matrices outside animal bodies have revealed largely unknown facets of the lifestyle and ecophysiology of the species that have yet to be explored. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
E. coli
E1728 isolated from marine sediment.
Use of a Modified POGIL Exercise to Teach Bacterial Transformation in a Microbiology Course
Authors: Mulligan Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2014

Assignments incorporating student collaborations to hone critical thinking skills in higher education have been proven to enhance student learning. Abstract concepts, such as bacterial transformation are challenging for students to understand. One way to overcome this learning obstacle is to provide students with collaborative learning activities during class. A modified process-oriented guided-inquiry learning exercise (POGIL) was used to facilitate learning of bacterial transformation in a microbiology course for allied health majors at a community college. This class activity involved small groups working together on short background test, and a series of questions pertaining to the background and experimental data. Students were given a summary diagram to assist them in completing this collaborative exercise.
Hook Students with the Super Bowl and a Protein Modeling Activity to Teach Genetic Concepts
Authors: Williams Ann H. , Malone Megan , Masonjones Heather D. , Waggett Rebecca J.
Published: May 2014

Teaching Biology concepts such as molecular genetics and inheritance patterns to students in K-12 and college is challenging. The created Super Bowl Activity uses kinesthetic and visual models and a "hook" to engage students in the material. Through guided inquiry and modeling, this lesson reviews concepts of DNA, mutations, genotype/phenotype, transcription, translation, homozygous/heterozygous, and inheritance patterns while entertaining the students with a story of a football player with sickle cell trait who couldn’t play in the Super Bowl. The students create a mutated and normal folded hemoglobin protein model based on amino acid chemical character and use them to simulate Mendelian genetics, inheritance patters, and heterozygous advantage. This lesson can be used by teachers and professors teaching middle/high school Biology courses as well as Undergraduate Introductory and non-major Biology courses. This teaching model was created to address content areas where students perform poorly on standardized Biology exams and was presented at a series of professional development workshops for secondary and undergraduate Biology teachers. One Biology instructor utilized it successfully in her Biology course as a review for end of course exams and felt the students were very engaged in the activity and material.
Molecular Twister: A Game for Exploring Solution Chemistry
Authors: Masonjones Sawyer R. , Masonjones Heather D. , Malone Megan C. , Williams Ann H. , Beemer Margaret M. , Waggett Rebecca J.
Published: May 2014

pH is an essential biological concept with critical importance at various scales, from the molecular level, dealing with blood buffers, homeostasis, and proton gradients, all the way up to the ecosystem level, with soil chemistry and acid rain. However, pH is also a concept that spawns student misconceptions and misunderstanding in terms of what is happening in a solution on the atomic level. The Molecular Twister game, created for a Florida Department of Education funded professional development workshop for Florida high school teachers hosted at the University of Tampa (Science Math Masters), seeks to model pH in such a way that students can visually and kinesthetically learn the concept in a few minutes. In addition, the basic design of the game pieces allow for teaching extensions to include more complex acid-base reactions. Challenge questions are provided to allow teachers to bring relevancy to the game, using examples of acid-base chemistry pulled from cases in human health and the environment.
Using Soxhlet Ethanol Extraction to Produce and Test Plant Material (Essential Oils) for Their Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Redfern James , Kinninmonth Malcolm , Burdass Dariel , Verran Joanna
Published: May 2014

As the issue of antimicrobial resistance continues to grow, there is a renewed interest in deriving antimicrobial products from natural compounds, particularly extracts from plant materials. This paper describes how essential oil can be extracted from the common herb, thyme (
Thymus vulgaris
) in the classroom. Subsequently, the extract can be tested for its antimicrobial activity. A number of variables are suggested.
A Textbook that Gets Students Excited about MicrobiologyReview of:	Microbiology: An Evolving Science,	3rd ed.;	SlonczewskiJoan L. and	FosterJohn W.; (	2014).	W.W. Norton & Company, Inc .,	New York, NY.	1184 pages.
Authors: Auman Ann
Published: May 2014

Review of:
Microbiology: An Evolving Science, 3rd ed.;
Joan L. Slonczewski and John W. Foster; (2014). W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., New York, NY. 1184 pages
Pandemics During the Rise of VirologyReview of:	To Catch a Virus;	BoossJohn and	AugustMarilyn J.; (	2013).	ASM Press,	Washington, DC.	364 pages.
Authors: Sullivan Susan Kring
Published: May 2014

Review of:
To Catch a Virus;
John Booss and Marilyn J. August; (2013). ASM Press, Washington, DC. 364 pages.
Poor Multi-Rater Reliability in Tcm Pattern Diagnoses and Variation in the Use of Symptoms to Obtain a Diagnosis
Authors: Birkeflet Oddveig , Laake Petter , Vøllestad Nina K
Published: May 2014

Background

Pattern differentiation and diagnosis are fundamental principles of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Studies have shown low inter-rater reliability in TCM pattern diagnoses. This variability may originate from both the identification and the interpretation of symptoms and signs.

Objective

To examine the inter-rater reliability in TCM pattern diagnoses made in the style of Maciocia for 25 case histories by eight acupuncturists and to explore the impact of demographic factors on the diagnostic conclusion. Further, the association between the diagnosis and the presence of symptoms was examined for a single TCM diagnosis.

Methods

Eight acupuncturists independently diagnosed 25 women (15 fertile, 10 infertile) based on written case histories. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression and inter-rater reliability (κ) were used.

Results

Poor inter-rater reliability on TCM patterns (κ<0.20) and large variation in the number of TCM pattern diagnoses were found. Sex, duration of practice and education had a highly significant effect (p<0.001) on the use of TCM patterns and working hours had a significant effect (p=0.029). There was considerable intra- and inter-rater variation in the use of symptoms to make a diagnosis. Symptoms occurring frequently as well as infrequently were inconsistently used to diagnose Liver Qi Stagnation. The study was limited by a small sample size.

Conclusions

The results showed extensive variation and poor inter-rater reliability in TCM diagnoses. Demographic variables influenced the frequency of diagnoses and symptoms were used inconsistently to set a diagnosis. The variability shown could impede individually tailored treatment.
Development of VVF following double J stent placement
Authors: Priyadarshi Vinod , Sinhamahapatra RajKumar , Kundu Anup Kumar , Pal DilipKumar
Published: May 2014

Double J stent (DJ stent) is commonly used in various urological conditions. Theoretically stent-induced tissue erosion can be a possibility, but fistula formation is rarely reported. The present case was a case of genitourinary tuberculosis diagnosed 4 years ago and had received complete treatment. Two months ago she presented with recurrent urinary tract infection and diagnosed to have vesicoureteric reflux with secondary obstruction for which DJ stent was placed, after 15 days of which the patient reported leakage of urine per vagina. She was diagnosed to have vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) with in situ stent eroding through the bladder wall. Stent was removed and fistula was corrected surgically. This is the first reported case of stent-induced VVF, a rare complication of ureteral stent placement.
Brodie's abscess of the posterior ilium: a rare cause for low back pain in children
Authors: Balaji Gopisankar , Thimmaiah Sreenivas , Menon Jagdish
Published: May 2014

Brodie's abscess of the pelvis is very rare in healthy children. It can be missed because of its varied presentation. We present an 11-year-old boy who presented with low back pain. Investigations revealed a well-defined lesion in the posterior ilium. He underwent open biopsy and debridement. At the end of the final follow-up, he was asymptomatic and there was no recurrence. We present this case for the rare site of Brodie's abscess and for its unusual presentation as low back pain.
Bilateral ureteric obstruction: an unusual complication of male-to-female gender reassignment surgery
Authors: Rezwan Nivin , Basit Anas Abdel , Andrews Henry
Published: May 2014

Gender reassignment surgery is a form of treatment for gender dysphoria. It can be male-to-female or female-to-male. We present a patient who underwent male to female reassignment and had a vaginal reconstruction. She presented almost a year later with acute kidney injury and bilateral ureteric obstruction, subsequently ending up with nephrectomy for a non-functioning kidney.