bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisa Kepribadian dan Kehidupan Sosial Remaja dengan Orang Tua dan Teman Pergaulan bagi Penyalahguna Napza di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Kabupaten Rokan Hulu
Authors: Marpaung Arbiah , Saam Zulfan , Priwahyuni Yuyun , Rany Novita , Muryanto Irwan
Published: June 2021

Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan remaja mengalami penyalahgunaan napza diantaranya adalah pengaruh pergaulan, lingkungan tempat tinggal, ikut-ikutan teman, keluarga yang broken home yang dipengaruhi oleh kurangnya perhatian dan komunikasi antara orang tua dan anak, serta tekanan yang dialami di masa remaja sehingga rentan menyalahgunakan napza. Dari survei di lapangan yang dilakukan oleh peneliti pada Bulan Maret Tahun 2020 di lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kabupaten Rokan Hulu, pada Tahun 2018 remaja yang tersangkut masalah napza ada 4 orang, sedangkan pada Tahun 2019 terdapat 18 orang remaja (berkisar umur 13-19 tahun) yang ditahan di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan  Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kepribadian dan kehidupan sosial remaja dengan orang tua dan teman pergaulannya bagi penyalahguna napza di Lembaga pemasyarakatan Kelas II B Kabupaten Rokan Hulu tahun 2020. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi dengan cara melakukan wawancara mendalam pada 13 informan tentang analisis kepribadian dan kehidupan sosial remaja. Informan penelitian terdiri dari 4 orang informan utama remaja narapidana penyalahguna Napza,dan 9 orang informan pendukung. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini dilakukan secara kualitatif. Analisis dilakukan dengan cara mengatur secara sistematis pedoman wawancara kemudian data diproses dan penyajian data secara deskriptif. Waktu pelaksanaan penelitian ini dimulai dari tanggal 1 April 2020 s.d. 31 Juli 2020. Hasil penelitian  diperoleh sebagian besar  remaja penyalahguna napza memiliki kepribadian negatif yaitu ego strength lemah, sebagian besar hubungan sosial remaja dengan orang tuanya adalah kurang baik dan kurang harmonis, sebagian besar hubungan sosial remaja dengan teman sebayanya adalah   pergaulan  yang tidak sehat. Orang tua memiliki peran yang sangat sentral dalam kehidupan remaja, keluarga yang harmonis akan memberikan efek yang baik bagi pergaulan remaja.
Determinant Of Chronic Energy Deficiency (Kek) In Pregnant Women In The Working Area Of Siak Hulu Iii Health Center Of Kampar Regency
Authors: Sintia Sintia , Septiani Winda , Rany Novita , Kursani Elmia
Published: June 2021

Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED) pregnant women is a situation where a pregnant woman experiences nutritional deficiencies (calories and protein) that have long or chronic competition. In 2018, national the prevalence of CED in pregnant women is 17,3%, and the Siak Health Center prevalence of CED deficiency in pregnant women was 21,4%. The purpose of this research was to determine the factors that influence the CED in pregnant women in the working area of the Siak Hulu III Health Center of Kampar district. The method of this research was a descriptive quantitative analytical study with a cross-sectional design. The sample was 70 respondents in the working area Puskesmas Siak Hulu III. The sampling technique was consecutive sampling with the dependent variable, namely pregnant women with CED if the upper circumference <23,5 cm, and the dependent variable was knowledge, infectious disease, family income, parity, and hyperemesis gravidarum. The data analysis was a bivariate analysis with the Chi-Square test. The instrument used questionnaires and data processing using computerized. The results showed a correlation between knowledge on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,158 OR = 2,602), the influence of infectious diseases on pregnant women CED (p-value 0,003 OR = 5,881), family income (p-value 0,025 OR = 0,231), parity) (p-value 0,025 OR = 4,333), and hyperemesis gravidarum (p-value 0,017 OR = 3,934). It can be concluded that there is an influence between infectious disease, family income, parity, hyperemesis gravidarum, and health workers, in particular, are expected to be able to provide information.
Non-obvious effects of montelukast – leukotriene receptor blocker: frigoprotective and anticonvulsant properties
Authors: Shtrygol S.Yu. , Kapelka I.G. , Mishchenko M.V. , Mishchenko O.Ya.
Published: June 2021

The participation of arachidonic acid metabolism products – prostaglandins and leukotrienes – in the process of inflammation is a common pathogenetic link of cold injury and epilepsy. Montelukast is widely used for the treatment of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis as a leukotriene receptor blocker. However, the mechanism of action of the drug suggests a wider range of its pharmacological properties and the corresponding scope of application. This study is aimed to determine the effectiveness of montelukast as a potential frigoprotective and anticonvulsant drug. Experiments were performed on 73 white mice weighing 20-22 g on models of acute general cooling and pentylenetetrazol convulsions. Frigoprotective properties were studied at a temperature of –18°C, recording the lifetime. Montelukast ("Singular", 2 mg/kg), acetylsalicylic acid ("Aspirin", 50 mg/kg), celecoxib ("Celebrex", 74 mg/kg), diclofenac sodium ("Voltaren", 14 mg/kg) were administered intragastrically as a suspension in a prophylactic mode, 30 minutes before the cold injury. In the study of anti­convulsant activity, montelukast ("Singular", 4 mg/kg) and sodium valproate ("Depakin", 300 mg/kg) were admi­nistered intragastrically 30 minutes before stimulating convulsions by subcutaneous administration of pentylene­tetrazole (90 mg/kg). The latent period of convulsions, the number of convulsions per 1 animal, % of mice with clonic and tonic paroxysms, the severity of convulsions in points, the duration of the convulsive period, the lifetime of animals and lethality were recorded for an hour. On the model of acute general cooling, montelukast showed a dose-dependent frigoprotective effect at a dose of 2 mg/kg surpassing drugs with proven frigoprotective properties – acetylsalicylic acid and celecoxib. On the model of pentylenetetrazole-induced convulsions, montelukast statistically significantly reduced the integral indicator of anticonvulsant activity – lethality – by 2.57 times. Thus, the experiment proved the significant role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of cold injury and epilepsy and justified the feasibility of further study of the frigoprotective and anticonvulsant properties of montelukast – leukotriene receptor blocker a drug as for adjuvant therapy, especially when these pathologies are combined with bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis.
Predictors of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic kidney disease VD stage treated with hemodialysis
Authors: Shifris I.M. , Dudar I.O. , Krasiuk Е.К. , Shymova А.Yu.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to establish the frequency and possible predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) VD stage patients, treated with hemodialysis, based on results of prospective observation. The prospective observational cohort study  included 223 patients with CKD V D stage who were treated with hemodialysis (HD) during 2012-2019. The research was carried out in two stages. At the first stage, main demographic, laboratory and clinical characteristics of patients, including the frequency of CVD, at the time of beginning the study were examined. At the second stage, based on prospective studying of the dynamics of the frequency of CV pathology, an assessment of potential predictors of CVD in CKD V D stage patients treated with HD was made. Patients’ characteristics determined at the beginning of the study were used as possible predictors. The average duration of prospective study was 35.5±17.8 months, cumulative – 579.3 patient-years. For determination of prognostic factors of CVD events, ROC-analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analysis were done. The primary endpoint (newly diagnosed CVDs) was assesses at the end of the study.  Statistical processing of the obtained results was performed using the MedCalc Statistical Software, version 19.3. During the study period, a significant increase of all CVD frequency by 80% (р<0.001) was stated, more than twice – of coronary artery disease (CAD; р<0.001) and atrial fibrillation (AF; р=0.0039). The incidence rate of CVD and CAD was 9.8 and 9.15 per 100-patient-years, respectively. The primary endpoint was observed in 92 (41.26%) patients: newly diagnosed CAD – in 53 patients, heart failure – in 12 patients, AF – in 9 patients, acute myocardial infarction – in 8 patients, other heart diseases – in 10 patients. Independent predictors on increased CVD risk in chronic kidney disease VD stage patients treated with hemodialysis are: age over 35 years, use of a central venous catheter as a vascular access during HD initiation, history of nasal MRSA collonization. In the other hand, serum albumin level of more than 36,6 g/l was associated with reduced risk.
The impact of obesity on the development of certain cancers in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Vatseba T.S. , Sokolova L.K. , Tronko M.D. , Churpiy I.K. , Vatseba M.O. , Derpak V.V.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of obesity on the development of cancer of certain localizations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) and to explain the association mechanisms of obesity in diabetes and cancer. The study included retrospective analysis of first time diagnosed cancer cases in patients with T2D in 2012-2016 in Ivano-Frankivsk region. Analysis of the data was carried out using Statistica 12.0 (StatSoft Inc., USA) program. The data are presented in the tables as M ± SD (M ± standard deviation). Differences between the studied parameters were determined using the ANOVA- test, taking into account the Bonferroni correction. The relationship between the studied data was evaluated using the criterion of chi-square with Yates correction (χ²). The odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval, the positive and negative predictive value were calculated to determine the association between two events. The differences were considered significant at p < 0.05. According to the results, 533 cases of the first time diagnosed cancer were detected in patients with T2D. It was found that obesity is inherent in women with breast, uterine, ovarian and colorectal cancer; for men with prostate cancer and with colorectal cancer. According to the criterion of χ², the effect of obesity on the incidence of breast cancer in women (x2=8.46; p<0.05), and prostate cancer (x2=7.02; p<0.05) and colorectal cancer (x2=7.94; p<0.05) in men was proven. OR revealed an increased risk of breast cancer in women [OR=2.06; 95% CI (1.28-3.29); p<0.05], and prostate cancer [OR=2.94; 95% CI (1.37-6.32); p<0.05] and colorectal cancer [OR=2.87; 95% CI (1.42-5.82); p<0.05] in men associated with obesity. Thus, among patients with T2D, obesity increases the risk of breast cancer in women, prostate cancer and colorectal cancer in men. The mechanisms of association of obesity and cancer in patients with T2D are hyperglycemia, hyperinsu­li­nemia, cytokine imbalance, hyperestrogenism (in estrogen-dependent cancer), and intestinal dysbiosis (in colorectal cancer).
Algorithm of diagnostics of erectile dysfunction in patients with arterial hypertension and dynamics of arterial blood pressure against the background of androgenic deficiency
Authors: Vintoniv O.R. , Popadynets I.R. , Hrodzinskyy V.I. , Melnyk S.V. , Herych P.R. , Halipchak I.M.
Published: June 2021

In recent years, the requirements for the level of the life quality have increased significantly; an integral part of it is the sexual harmony, which in men largely depends on sexual desire and erectile function. According to the results of modern scientific studies, there is no doubt that erectile dysfunction in men is closely connected with the cardiovascular diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus and other comorbidities. This problem can also be caused by systematic psycho-emotional overload, deterioration of the environmental conditions, harmful factors of production, uncontrolled use of medicines, inflammatory processes in the genital organs, the growth of somatic diseases. The vast majority of works concerning “male menopause” is reduced to the effectiveness of hormone-replacement therapy in erectile dysfunction, while only few research works are devoted to the study of the connection between somatic pathology and androgen deficiency. There is a negative correlation between total testosterone level and systolic blood pressure. According to the research results of some scientists, it was found that 38% of patients with arterial hypertension had androgen deficiency, confirmed in the laboratory, which is significantly higher than in patients of the same age category with normal blood pressure. These dominant factors exert and increase the influence on each other, which must be taken into account in modern therapeutic practice. The study of the formation of comorbid conditions in men with low levels of androgens is of particular importance, as the knowledge of pathophysiological mechanisms can prevent their development and progression. The aim of this investigation was to study the state of penile vascular blood flow in men with arterial hypertension with erectile dysfunction, using color Doppler imaging with pharmacological induction of erection. The indicators of daily monitoring of arterial pressure and arterial stiffness in men with arterial hypertension of the II degree against the background of androgen deficiency or at normal testosterone levels and ways of correction of erectile dysfunction in these patients were also evaluated.
Clinical significance of high grade and low grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia
Authors: Melnychuk M.P.
Published: June 2021

Such premalignant conditions of prostate cancer (PC) as prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) are classified between benign and malignant ones. Contemporary evidence wheather PIN develops malignancy is limited and (LGPIN) data present varied results. Morphological and clinical differencies between high (HGPIN) and low grade PIN specimens in the prostate remain unclear. Aim of the work – to determine clinical significance and progression ability of high grade and low grade prostate intraepithelial neoplasia. The results of examination of 276 patients with PIN (152 patients with high grade PIN and 134 patients with low grade PIN) were assessed comparatively. During a 3 year follow-up repeated prostate biopsies were performed with 6 months interval to detect PC. Initial and repeated multifocal transrectal prostate biopsies from 12 samples were performed under transrectal ultrasonic guidance. There were statistically significant differences in PC detection rates between HGPIN and LGPIN. Patients with HGPIN had  malignization rate of 42.1% during a 3-year follow-up that was by 33.9% higher than in LGPIN patients. The spread of HGPIN lesions within prostate gland is a malignization risk factor. The mean malignization term of HGPIN is 18 months and of LGPIN – 30 months. Low and high grade PIN are gradual stages of cancerogenesis. PIN grade determines its clinical significance, while LGPIN has low malignization potential, HGPIN possesses morphological and clinical prostate characteristics similar to adenocarcinima.
Comparative assessment of changes in the incidence of type I diabetes mellitus in the regions with its high and low incidence
Authors: Aliyeva Irada J.
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to determine dynamics of the levels of type I diabetes mellitus (DM) incidence in the regions with its different incidence. Material from the Azerbaijan Republican and Regional Registers of Diabetes Mellitus were used in this study. All cases of newly diagnosed type 1 DM and documented according to the clinical protocol in 2012-2016 were selected. At the first stage of the study, the rates of diabetes were identified in all administrative-territorial entities. Two groups from administrative-territorial entities were formed for further observation: the first group included regions with high (>80) incidence of type 1 DM, the second group included regions with low (<40) incidence of type 1 DM. At the next stages, changes in type 1 DM incidence were studied and a mean chronological incidence over five years (2012-2016) was determined. Morbidity rate in cities and regions of Azerbaijan in 2012 changed within a range from 5.4 to 294.8. The lowest incidence was observed in three districts: 5.4 in Agjabedi, 5.8 in Jalilabad, 6.1 in Masalli. Very high incidence was observed in Shamkir (294.8) and Khachmaz (278.7) districts. Data from Agdash (30.6) and NAR (32.2) were closer to data from the districts with low incidence. Incidence in Shirvan (81.9) and Yexlakh (171.7) districts was high, but lower than in Shamkir and Khachmaz districts. Type 1 DM incidence has significant interregional differences. Interregional differences in type 1 DM incidence do not depend on the age of the population; age-adjusted incidence of type 1 DM is within a range of 5.0-77.4.
Medicina Cardiológica
Authors: Ortega Reyes Vicente Angel , Ocampo Moreira Priscila Omayra , Cherres García Telmo Brayan , Reyes Santana Lady Gardenia , Sánchez Vaca Milton Steeven , Borja Jiménez Tatiana Alexandra , Carguacundo Avelino Fernanda Elizabeth , Alzamora Arauz Cristina Stefany , Vásquez Gaibor Andrés Alberto , Aldaz Ruano Diana Carolina
Published: June 2021

En el campo de la medicina moderna, las actuaciones de investigadores incursos en buscar nuevas informaciones relativas al crecimiento de las ciencias médicas, llevan a entender la importancia que posee el área de cardiología; pues, el estudio del corazón y el sistema circulatorio, como resultado a los cambios registrados en la vida actual, obliga a los individuos a tener diferentes actividades que incrementan potencialmente los riesgos para padecer cualquiera enfermedad cardiovascular, aspecto encargado de darle significación a este libro. Por lo tanto, se puede indicar que su estructura es clásica, de fácil lectura, con esquemas didácticos y exposición clara de los conceptos. La construcción del mismo constituye un medio de utilidad no solo para los profesionales ubicados en el campo de la cardiología; sino para aquellos que hoy realizan residencias en dicha área. Además, el libro debido a sus temas abordados hace posible que el lector recorra desde la historia de la cardiología hasta llegar a comprender la nueva visión que posee la clínica cardiovascular, sin generar saturación informativa, como parte esencial para encaminar a los interesados en sus tópicos a mantener su motivación e interés por utilizar las apreciaciones y finalmente revisar los conocimientos que le darán cabida a nuevos saberes durante su trabajo profesional y práctica médica. Este comentario puede parecer superficial, pero no lo es; pues, yo como otros cardiólogos conozco que en los actuales momentos los residentes de cardiología dominan las guías clínicas, es decir saben qué hacer, pero no por qué se hace. Creo que son pocos los residentes que estudian profundamente la cardiología y sus fundamentos fisiopatológicos tal ha buscado en cada uno de los tópicos que caracterizan a este libro. Por ello, el ideal del autor, es compartir sus experiencias para que por medio de él, se pueda lograr fácilmente que todos los profesionales, estudiantes e interesados en su contenido puedan satisfacer su interés por incrementar sus conocimientos en el área científica abordada.
Metodología y Estrategias Innovadoras para la Educación Universitaria: Una oportunidad para el cambio.
Authors: Auria Burgos Blanca Araceli , Daza Suárez Sandra Karina , Mackencie Álvarez Cleopatra Yohanna , Dahik Solis Cecilia , Feijoo Rojas Kerly , García Liscano na Elizabeth , Ortiz Campi Juan
Published: June 2021

Metodología y Estrategias Innovadoras para la Educación Universitaria, una oportunidad para el cambio. Los años 2020 y 2021, al menos estos dos, serán recordados como el tiempo de la pandemia por COVID-19. La indeleble marca se recordará quizás muchísimo tiempo, sobre todo porque puso en evidencia enormes carencias de la organización social global a la altura del inicio de la tercera década del siglo 21. Cuando fue declarada la pandemia por la OMS, y a pesar de que pueden rastrearse declaraciones de los últimos tres presidentes de la nación más poderosa y tecnológicamente desarrollada en la que alertaban acerca de la probabilidad cierta de que en algún momento no muy lejano se presentara la propagación de un virus de gran letalidad, gran parte de la institucionalidad constituida hasta ese momento, incluso en los terrenos más relevantes como los son los sistemas de salud, de investigación científica, así como el sector empresarial y los entes gubernamentales que rigen gran parte de los Estados modernos, mostraron no haber estado a la altura de las circunstancias. De ello por supuesto no escapa el sistema de educación superior, por cierto, estrechamente vinculado con los otros sistemas mencionados. Y es que, a pesar de los desarrollos científicos y tecnológicos impresionantes del momento, las lógicas en las tomas de decisiones siguen estando bajo viejos patrones economicistas y sociopolíticos que se convierten en obstáculos para los avances en ámbitos más vinculados al desarrollo humano. Por ello, si bien en el terreno de la salud pública, luego de la epidemia de gripe aviar de años anteriores, los laboratorios estuvieron muy cerca de llegar a la vacuna para el coronavirus, al dejar de ser una emergencia, los proyectos fueron archivados y no les asignaron los recursos para culminarlos. En educación universitaria ocurre de manera semejante con la enseñanza virtual a distancia, pues luego de los avances en entornos virtuales de aprendizaje universidades emblemáticas como el Tecnológico de Monterrey, y casi toda universidad, canalizaron recursos para establecer sus propias plataformas, pero los marcos jurídicos mantuvieron la preeminencia de la enseñanza presencial, dejando un terreno marginal para la virtual a distancia.
Assessment of zooplankton community in an anthropogenic-disturbance coastal creek, southwest Nigeria
Authors: Balogun Kayode James , Ajani Emmanuel Kolawole
Published: June 2021

In order to assess the zooplankton community in an anthropogenic-disturbance Badagry creek, Zooplankton and water samples were collected and analyzed bi-monthly from November 2011 to September 2013 in nine stations representing its three different zones using standard methods. Zooplankton was identified to species-level using relevant texts and counted under a Microstar IV Carl Zeiss binocular microscope calibrated at different magnifications. Diversity was determined using Shannon-Weiner (H), Simpson (1-D) and Evenness (e^H/S) indices. Water samples were analysed for temperature, pH, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, water depth and nitrate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, ANOVA, cluster and Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) at α = 0.05. A total of 56 species comprising 26 species of rotifers, 15 species of arthropoda, 4 species of ciliophora, 3 species of cnidaria, and 2 species of ctenophora, foraminifera, mollusca, protozoa each, with an array of meroplankton / juvenile stages of the order copepod of subphylum crustacea were recorded. Diversity indices were highest (H = 2.20; 1-D = 0.80; e^H/S = 0.27) at station 6 and lowest in station 8 (H = 1.20; 1-D = 0.56) and station 1(e^H/S = 0.14). Salinity/conductivity, nitrate and water depth were significantly different (p < 0.05) among the study stations. CCA revealed salinity/conductivity and nitrate were the most important abiotic factors co-related with the zooplankton abundance in Badagry creek. The moderately low zooplankton communities’ diversity and abundance in Badagry creek point at different natural and anthropogenic factor impacts.
Adsorption of obsolete silt, peat, sawdust and compositions of them
Authors: Petrova Zh.O. , Samoilenko K.M. , Novikova Yu.P. , Vyshnievska T.A.
Published: June 2021

Environmental security is an important part of Ukraine's national security. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent the danger to the population. It provides for the maintenance and improvement of the environment and should have a set of measures to prevent occurrence the danger to the population. One of the important issues of environmental safety in Ukraine is the accumulation of obsolete sludge after wastewater treatment at aeration stations. Untreated sludge has been merging into overcrowded sludge sites for several decades, which has led to the deterioration of the environment and living conditions in Ukraine.
The article presents experimental studies to determine the adsorption properties of granules based on the composition of sludge and peat with the addition of sawdust. Preparation of raw materials, creation of compositions and granulation from obsolete sludge, peat and biomass were covered in previous publications.
INITIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CLADODE GIANT SWEET CLONE AS A FUNCTION OF WATER AND SALINE STRESS
Authors: LUCENA Leandro Ricardo Rodrigues de , COSTA Álefe Chagas de Lima , OLIVEIRA Antonio Dennys Melo de , LEITE Maurício Luiz de Mello Vieira
Published: June 2021

Forage plants are considered one of the main factors for the development of livestock worldwide, for presenting high potential for phytomass production, drought tolerance, high energy value, large water reserve and easy propagation. Forage cactus stands out for its tolerance to water deficit. Aimed to evaluate the initial performance of the morphometric characteristics of Giant Sweet clone (N. cochenillifera) submitted to water and saline stresses using response surface analysis. Design used was completely randomized in a 4x4 factorial scheme, composed of four levels of water replacement, based on crop evapotranspiration (ETc): (25%.ETc, 50%.ETc, 75%.ETc and 100%.ETc) and four levels of water salinity (0, 2, 4 and 8 dS/m), with four repetitions totalling 64 experimental units. The following morphometric characteristics were evaluated: plant height, length, width, thickness, number of cladodes and area of cladodes. Eight evaluations were realized during the experimental period. Response surface analysis was used to evaluate the morphometric characteristics of the cladodes. Best water levels were between 55%.ETc and 65%.ETc and saline levels between 3.5 and 5 dS/m, maximizing the morphometric characteristics of Giant Sweet clone.
A BAYESIAN WEIBULL ANALYSIS OF BREAST CANCER DATA WITH LONG-TERM SURVIVORS IN PARANA STATE, BRAZIL
Authors: MORAES Talita Evelin Nabarrete Tristão de , PREVIDELLI Isolde , SILVA Giovani Loiola da
Published: June 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most common diseases among women worldwide with about 25% of new cases each year. In Brazil, 59,700 new cases of breast cancer were expected in 2019, according to the Brazilian National Cancer Institute (INCA). Survival analysis has been an useful tool for the identifying the risk and prognostic factors for cancer patients. This work aims to characterize the prognostic value of demographic, clinical and pathological variables in relation to the survival time of 2,092 patients diagnosed with breast cancer in Parana State, Brazil, from 2004 to 2016. In this sense, we propose a Bayesian analysis of survival data with long-term survivors by using Weibull regression models through integrated nested Laplace approximations (INLA). The results point to a proportion of long-term survivors around 57:6% in the population under study. In regard to potential risk factors, we namely concluded that 40-50 year age group has superior survival than younger and older age groups, white women have higher breast cancer risk than other races, and marital status decreases that risk. Caution on the general use of these results is nevertheless advised, since we have analyzed population-based breast cancer data without proper monitoring by a healthprofessional.
FISHER INFORMATION MATRIX FOR CROVELLI'S AND GAMMA BETA II BIVARIATE DISTRIBUTIONS
Authors: SILVA Ana Paula Coelho Madeira , DINIZ Adélia Conceição
Published: June 2021

In this paper, a system of nonlinear equations for the maximum likelihood estimators as wel as the exact forms of the Fisher information matrix for Crovelli's bivariate gamma distribution and bivariate gamma beta  distribution of the second kind are determined. An application of the results to the rainfall data from the city of Passo Fundo are provided.
Development of moral qualities
of primary school children by means of mathematics
Authors: Zembatova Larisa T. , Kirichenko Kirill N.
Published: June 2021

The article describes the process of developing the moral qualities of primary school children by means of mathematics. In the Federal State Educational Standard (FSES) of General Education, moral development, education and socialization of students are defined as tasks of primary importance. The main programs of primary general education ensure the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard, taking into account the type and type of educational institution, the needs and requests of students. All the materials used in the process of its implementation ensure moral development.
It is in primary school and in the family that the foundations for the formation of moral qualities and education are laid, in accordance with the objectives and challenges of modern society. The success of schooleducation depends on how well the child is brought up at home, in the family. Home education is basic and primary. The school always continues and complements the foundations that should be laid at home. It is the parents who should instill in the child an interest in future learning. This largely determines the success of the child’s education in school, that is, how interesting and meaningful the process of “education will be. The development of moral qualities forms students understanding of what is “good” and what is “bad.” The relevance of moral education in school is evidenced by many crisis phenomena of modern life: low level of public morality; loss of family values; decline of patriotic education, etc. Moral education should be given considerable attention not only in educational work, but also in all spheres of life of primary school students.
The moral qualities of juniorschoolchildren should be developed by means of each academic subject included in the curriculum. In this article, the author describes his vision of the development of moral qualities of students in the study of mathematics in elementary school.
The development of cognitive activity of children in research activities
Authors: Podaneva Tatyana V. , Sazonova Natalia P. , Shaidurova Nelli V.
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the importance of research activity in increasing the degree of cognitive activity of preschoolers. In accordance with the requirements of the Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education, the development of the cognitive activity of preschool children is one of the priority tasks of modern preschool pedagogy.
In the course of the experimental activity carried out at the ascertaining stage, the initial level of the pupils’ cognitive activity was revealed. In most cases, it was characterized by instability of cognitive interest and a lack of desire on the part of children to engage in activities requiring intellectual exertion. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the pedagogical conditions conducive to the development of the cognitive activity of children in research and cognitive activity. The authors analyzed various views on the definition of the essence of the concept of “cognitive activity”, outlined the features of its development in cognitive research practice in a preschool educational organization; a number of general pedagogical conditions that contribute to the development of the cognitive activity of preschoolers are identified.
One of the main conditions contributing to an increase in the degree of activity of children in cognitive activity was the development and implementation of a program aimed at developing a persistent cognitive interest in children and increasing the level of knowledge about the world around them by means of children’s experimentation. The developed program includes the goal, objectives, principles, content and description of forms, methods, means of organizing experimental research activities of preschoolers.
The implementation of the presented complex of pedagogical conditions contributed to the fact that it became more accessible for children to understand the relationships in nature, to determine their capabilities and the role of a person in the development of society. Thanks to the manifestation of greater independence and initiative on the part of preschoolers in cognizing the world around them, there was an accumulation of specific ideas about objects and natural phenomena, the application of this knowledge in practical activity.
Problems of the formation of Soviet-Iranian relations
in the interwar period (1918 – 1939)
Authors: Dudaiti Albert K.
Published: June 2021

The article examines the complex process of the formation of bilateral relations between the RSFSR / USSR and Iran in the period between the two World Wars. The desire of the parties to establish bilateral relations on an equal, mutually beneficial basis-in accordance with the spirit and letter of the Moscow Treaty of 1921 – is revealed. There are permanent difficulties on the way of rapprochement between the two countries, caused, among other things, by the undisguised interference of England in the internal affairs of Iran. The article reveals the colonial essence of the British policy in Iran, reflected in the Anglo-Iranian treaty of 1921. The Iranian people showed growing dissatisfaction with the British dominance, demanded that the authorities put an end to it, and at the same time called on them to strengthen good-neighborly relations with the RSFSR. The paper traces the main milestones in the development of Soviet-Iranian relations after the state transition in Iran in 1921, and states positive results in bilateral cooperation in political, trade, economic and other spheres. Separately, the anti-Soviet foreign policy of the Shah’s regime at the turn of the 20-30s is traced, which caused great damage to the relations of the RSFSR with Iran. When analyzing the process of Iran’s rapprochement with Nazi Germany, it is emphasized that the pro-German course of Reza Shah Pahlavi not only created problems for the safe existence of Iran, but also, in general, threatened peace and stability in the Middle East.
Evolution of scientific ideas about giftedness
Authors: Bogdanova Oksana N.
Published: June 2021

Currently, working with gifted children is one of the priority areas of work in the country and regions. Special attention is paid to this issue in the construction of an all-Russian system for the identification, support and development of abilities and talents in children and youth. One of the key substantive guidelines and at the same time mandatory for the implementation of state program documents in the system of working with gifted children was the federal project “Success of each child,” implemented as part of the national project “Education.” In a modern school, the issue of individualization of the educational process and the work of identifying and supporting gifted children is becoming more and more urgent - two important priorities of modern educational policy, which are closely related because, on the one hand, work on the development and disclosure of talent almost always requires an individual approach, and on the other hand, any individualization always, directly or indirectly, helps school student to believe in forces. The article analyses scientific ideas about giftedness as a set of personal characteristics that have developed independently of the will of the person himself and, especially, his teacher-mentors; the phenomenon of giftedness is considered in terms of the outstanding abilities of a particular person (child) given to him by nature and requiring timely development and targeted support through professional pedagogical tools. It is proposed to consideration of the author’s definition of an individual educational program (IOP), which involves the construction by an adult of a system of educational activity as a model of the personal world, a personal universe, which at the same time allows this person to realize potential - and is itself the product of his ideas and actions.
Development of linguistic and political competences
of Russian students studying Chinese:
Cultural meanings of Chinese state Symbols
Authors: Nakhimova Elena A. , Sun Yu
Published: June 2021

The active development of cooperation between the friendly peoples of the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China requires intensified training of specialists capable of ensuring intercultural communication between citizens of China, Russia and other Commonweath of Independent States members.
In accordance with modern linguodidactics, the development of a foreign language should be linked with culture studies, which ensure the development of the linguistic and cultural competences. It is essential that Russian students fully understand cultural meanings of China’s state symbols.
The paper proves the need to acquaint Russian students studying Chinese language and culture with the state symbols of the People’s Republic of China (flag, coat of arms and anthem) at the initial stage of training. It is important that Russian students fully understand the cultural meanings of the state symbols of modern China, the country that is proud of its history and looks boldly into the future.
Didactic materials that can be used in the classroom on the topic “State Emblem of the People’s Republic of China”, as well as additional materials for educational or extracurricular activities are presented in the study. Comparable components of Chinese and Russian (Soviet) state symbols, their national and historical features are highlighted in the paper as confirmation of the prospects of using the comparative principle in the classroom with Russian students.
The topic matter of research project activity of student’s
in line with the directions of anthropological linguistics:
the achievement of subject outcomes
and the development of language competencies
Authors: Solunova Jana A. , Danilova Juliya J.
Published: June 2021

The topic matter of the research is the system of methods, forms and means of organizing the project-research activities among middle school students in the Russian language classes. This fact determines the work as practice-oriented: the authors of the article make an attempt to formulate and propose their own topics of projects and researches in Russian lessons within project-research activity in accordance with the feasibility and expected substantive studying outcomes. In the course of the work, with the aim of a comprehensive analysis of the indicated issue at different stages, general scientific methods were used: the method of continuous sampling; systematization and generalization; observation, analysis, classification, descriptive-analytical method; modeling method, which altogether have provided a full picture.
Among the most significant results of the study, the author’s development of themes and a construct (algorithm with development and description) of the project-research activity of 5-7 grades schoolchildren within the modern directions of linguistics with possible subsequent implementation in Russian lessons and/or in extracurricular activities as a way to achieve a fairly wide range of substantive studying outcomes is showed up.
The work’s resulting outcomes determine the practical significance of the research: the research materials can be used in the Russian language classes, in the organization of research activities for middle and high school students, in the development of special courses and special seminars, in the compilation of textbooks on relevant subject.
The work concludes the next: the topic matter of project-research activity should be reasonable, appropriate for children’s age in order to increase students’ interest in learning and participation in project-research activity. It is especially important to ensure that they can understand its structure: their own goals in this activity, possible methods of solutions, etc. It is also important that students can search for information on their own, present their project or its fragment, etc.
Investigation of the semantics
of the proper name as a phenomenon of linguistic consciousness
(according to psycholinguistic experiments)
Authors: Makhaev Mairbek R. , Sternin Iosif A.
Published: June 2021

This article deals with the problem of the semantics of proper names.
It is stated that onyms, in addition to lexicographic meanings recorded in toponymic dictionaries, also have psycholinguistic meanings.
Lexicographic meanings are traditionally described in dictionaries in accordance with the principle of reductionism, which involves minimizing the features included in the meaning with a limited volume of the dictionary entry.
Numerous experiments have allowed us to discover a new kind of meaning, which we call psycholinguistic.
Psycholinguistic meaning is a meaning that is actually represented in the linguistic consciousness of native speakers of a particular language.
The psycholinguistic meaning is identified and described in accordance with the algorithm developed by us in 5 stages: 1) conducting psycholinguistic experiments 2) constructing associative fields of word-stimuli, which are a set of associative responses to verbal stimuli, ordered in descending order of frequency, obtained during psycholinguistic experiments 3) semantic interpretation of associative fields and identification of semantic components 4) sememic attribution of semes and the formulation of the final psycholinguistic meaning 5) contrastive analysis, it includes a comparison of regional variants of psycholinguistic meanings.
In this article, this algorithm is described by analyzing the semantics of the toponym “Voronezh”.
The psycholinguistic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh” was revealed as a result of semantic interpretation of the data obtained during psycholinguistic experiments in Voronezh and Grozny.
The brightness indices of semantic components and sememes, according to which their field affiliation is determined, are calculated. False semes were detected. A comparative analysis of regional (Voronezh and Grozny) variants of meanings with each other, as well as with the lexicographic meaning of the toponym “Voronezh”, recorded in the dictionary of E. M. Pospelov, is carried out.
Linguistic and cultural connotations of the lexeme BIRCH
in Russian and the lexeme BAMBOO in Chinese
Authors: Yunuo Sun
Published: June 2021

The paper studies the historical and cultural associative meanings of the lexeme BIRCH in the Russian culture and the lexeme BAMBOO in Chinese by analyzing the results of the perception process of these objects, their concepts and images by native speakers of the Russian and Chinese languages. The relevance of the research is due to the growing attention of modern linguistics to comparative cultural studies, including the number of comparative works on the Russian and Chinese languages, the importance of describing linguistic and cultural differences for the development of international economic and cultural relations between China and Russia. The research material involves phraseological units, proverbs, myths, poems and literary works, as well as historical materials, customs and traditions of the two nations. This paper uses research methods such as descriptive, contextual, comparative, the method of component analysis and cognitive modeling. As a result, it was determined that birch occupies a significant place in the Russian culture with the meanings of “motherland”, “mother”, “woman”, “bride”, “girl”. Bamboo in Chinese has only positive connotations, including “unshakable quality”, “spiritual purity”, “humble character”, “high aspirations.” It is concluded that birch as a symbol of Russia is a lacunar concept in the Chinese culture, while bamboo as the personification of a “perfect gentleman” in Chinese has no cultural connotation in Russian. Despite mismatched meanings in two languages, birch and bamboo must be recognized as equivalents in terms of cultural significance and the high frequency of symbolic use in poetry and other precedent texts.
Cultural meanings in language: metaphors of vanity
Authors: Vorkachev Sergey G.
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of metaphorization in the field of abstract categories in linguistic consciousness on the example of the cultural meaning “vanity”. The aim of the article is to establish the role and functions of metaphorical transfer in the visualization of abstract cultural meanings. The work used the methods of semantic, component, definitional and conceptual analysis, with the help of which the means and functions of semantic transfer in the metaphorization of vanity were investigated. The material for the research was the collected corpus of aphoristic sentences about vanity and the contexts of the metaphorical representation of vanity in the National Corpus of the Russian language.
It is established that the metaphor in the language performs two main functions: cognitive, which gives the intellect the ability to comprehend something rationally incomprehensible, and expressive-evaluative, which allows the subject of speech to emotionally highlight any aspects and characteristics of the object. In the visualization of vanity, all the main types of metaphorical transfer on the auxiliary subject are used. Of the totality of semantic features of any category, in most cases, only a few are metaphorically distinguished, and these are connotative, evaluative features that are not associated with its definitional core. The attribute of negative evaluativeness in the semantics of vanity is metaphorized through the assimilation of this personal property to various kinds of unpleasant, harmful and dangerous creatures, plants, phenomena and objects. Like all “sinful passions” that subjugate a person and take possession of his will, vanity in speech is easily demonized – it is likened to “evil spirits”, mainly a demon. A specific feature of “reflexive feelings” – directed at oneself – conveys the likeness of vanity to a certain expanding substance, blowing a person from inside. In isolated cases, the likening of vanity to a crooked mirror and cotton wool metaphorizes such an essential semantic features of it as the imaginary, emptiness and futility of flaunting virtues. Thus, the study indicates that when metaphorizing abstract categories, which include vanity, not definitional semantic features of this category are visualized, but mainly semantic features relevant to assessment and emotional attitude of the subject of speech.
Electro-education and distance education in the implementation of higher legal education programs: current definitions and issues of legal regulation
Authors: Dzhindzholiya Raul'
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the study of topical issues of the use of e-learning and remote educational technology in the implementation of higher education programs and, in particular, in the training of specialists with higher legal education. During the study, the author identified and refined the prospects of e-education, presented noteworthy arguments justifying the benefits of e-education in comparison with traditional full-time students. The main sources of legal regulation of e-learning of students in higher law schools have been analyzed.
Murder investigation: positive experience (based on the materials of the criminal case)
Authors: Elinskiy Valeriy , Kuvatpekov Kanybek
Published: June 2021

Timely initiation of a criminal case, operational work, the results of forensic examinations, detailed telephone connections made it possible to quickly identify the culprit, eyewitnesses, the place of the crime, detect and remove the maximum number of traces and evidence, and form a solid evidence base.