bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ethical analysis of architecture on structural irregularities in major earthquakes in Turkey
Authors: Dallı Mustafa , Soyluk Asena
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study is to question the relationship between architectural ethical codes and faults in earthquakes. Earthquakes have devastating effects on all societies in history and today. And the relationship and importance of the architect and building, one of the most important roles of these destructive effects, is once again revealed in every earthquake. Although there are some restrictions or warnings for architects and the architectural profession to reduce this destructive effect in many regulations and ethical codes, it is possible to see the defects caused by architectural design and the destruction caused by these defects in every new earthquake.

Design/methodology/approach

In this study, the most destructive earthquakes in Turkey in the past 20 years (Bingöl, Van, Elazig and Izmir) and the 1999 Marmara earthquake, which was the most destructive earthquake in Turkey’s recent history, and the damages occurred in these earthquakes and their causes were examined. Although the scope of the study is “destructive earthquakes that have occurred in the past 20 years in Turkey”, the Marmara Earthquake, which occurred in 1999, when the destructive effect of the earthquake was seen the most and architectural design errors were intense, was also included in the scope of the study. And to have a more comprehensive understanding of how these defects are examined in terms of ethical codes and to make a more comprehensive comparison, ethical codes from different countries in the world have been researched and a review has been made on topics such as public welfare, human rights and raising the standard of the profession.

Findings

This study concludes by reviewing the key factors learned from the examined ethical codes of different countries. Finding ethical codes of different countries was challenging to gain approval. In addition, the study ends with recommendations in terms of questioning the regulations and education curriculum relations on a country basis.

Originality/value

This study, which targets architect candidates who carry out the profession of architecture and continue their architectural education, evaluates the architectural design flaws seen in earthquakes through ethical codes and forms a basis for further studies.
Design of transformable transitional shelter for post disaster relief
Authors: Cerrahoğlu Merve , Maden Feray
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The most important need after natural disasters is the sheltering. However, most of the existing temporary shelters do not meet all requirements for long-term use and not provide adequate flexibility within the space. This paper aims to develop a transitional postdisaster shelter transforming from a closed shape to an expanded form in response to changing functional and spatial needs of disaster victims. The study also proposes alternative unit combinations for various functions, and settlement layouts to create a comfortable living environment for occupants.

Design/methodology/approach

The research methodology is based on theoretical and design frameworks which requires inductive and deductive approaches. Forming the background of the study, the theoretical framework consists of four parts which are literature review on temporary shelters presenting state-of-the-art; determination of design guidelines and strategies based on shelter standards; identification of technical requirements; and analysis of existing temporary shelters. Having three parts, the design framework includes design of transformable transitional shelter based on three-dimensional modeling, creation of different unit combinations to be used for various purposes and development of settlement layouts as case studies.

Findings

The analysis conducted in this study demonstrates that most of the existing temporary shelters have limited geometric configurations and major problems in terms of their performance, transportation and storage. On the other hand, the transformable shelter proposed by the authors can provide form and spatial flexibilities thanks to its expansion properties, occupy less space for transportation, easily be transported to any desired location in its compact state and be customized according to user needs. Several units can be combined either to serve larger families or to be used for different functions.

Originality/value

This paper contributes to the literature as presenting not only a theoretical framework on temporary shelters but also a design framework on transformable shelter design for the ones who are willing to develop similar transformable shelters based on the determined guidelines, strategies and requirements.
Dynamic capabilities as a strategic flexibility enabler: organizational responsiveness to COVID-19
Authors: Muneeb Dilnaz , Khattak Amira , Wahba Karim , Abdalla Shahira , Ahmad Syed Zamberi
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To cope with the existing pandemic situation and to be organizationally responsive, firms need to be strategically flexible, where they need to develop dynamic capabilities (DCs) by continuously reconfiguring their resource base. To address such challenges, firms heavily rely on information and communication technologies (ICT) because of advancement in disruptive technologies. This study aims to explore techniques used by higher education institutional (HEI) leaders to successfully address challenges posed by global disruption, i.e. COVID-19 with the help of advanced ICT software such as Zoom, Google Meet and Microsoft Teams.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative approach was adopted to explore strategic factors such as strategic flexibility (SF) and DC that disclose shortcomings in the current extant literature. A total of 15 interviews were conducted with heads of departments of HEIs in the United Arab Emirates. Data were analyzed using NVivo software.

Findings

The findings suggested three dimensions of SF (resources, operational and collaborative) and four dimensions of DC (strategic planning, innovative, adaptability and technological) for firms to adopt to be strategically flexible, where DC serves as building blocks of SF.

Originality/value

This research provides a framework as an avenue for future researchers and practitioners on how to strategically manage their resources and be strategically flexible in turbulent environment such as pandemics. Theory-based investigations on strategic capabilities and DC from resource-based perspective are still under-researched, emphasizing the need for theoretically based research on strategic responsiveness, especially during the times of environmental complexities such as COVID-19 pandemics. This research enriches strategic management research by exploring the important antecedents of organizational responsiveness, including SF and DC together with the support of human factor, i.e. leadership qualities of HEIs managers. This study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, is among the first to systematically explore main dimensions of DC and SF based on the resource-based theory of strategic management in the Middle Eastern context.
Family business branding from a signaling theory perspective: an integrative framework
Authors: Galvagno Marco , Pisano Vincenzo , Strano Sonia M.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This study aims to review family business branding research, elaborate a new framework integrating family business branding and corporate brand management literature and finally identify future research directions.

Design/methodology/approach

A bibliometric analysis was conducted to present the main research topics within family business branding.

Findings

The contributions of this study are threefold. First, this study maps the main themes of family business branding research and highlights its fragmented nature. Second, this study proposes an overarching framework based on signaling theory, attempts to bridge the family business branding and corporate brand management literature and provides a lead for future research. Third, this study stresses the role of brand construct in family business branding.

Originality/value

This study represents an important step in the identification of a new theoretical framework that best fits the investigation of family business branding.
Exploring corruption impacts on MNE performance through the lens of risk and uncertainty
Authors: Keig Dawn L. , Brouthers Lance Eliot
Published: November 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to apply a risk/uncertainty lens to corruption to explore how different types of corruption (formal vs informal) in a multinational enterprise’s (MNE) operating environment have different relationships to firm performance.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper uses a portfolio approach to measure the formal and informal corruption impacts of an MNE’s entire set of operating locations and test the hypotheses using both accounting- and market-based measures of performance on a sample of 648 firms.

Findings

This study hypothesizes and finds that because formal corruption represents risk, it is typically included in the a priori evaluations of trade-offs between market attractiveness and costs made by MNEs prior to market entry, higher formal corruption in the firm’s environment is positively related to its financial performance. Conversely, the uncertainty associated with the generally intangible and pervasive nature of informal corruption prevents similar, accurate cost consideration before entering the market, resulting in a negative relationship between higher levels of informal corruption and firm performance.

Originality/value

This study provides unique empirical support for the notion that MNEs can both gain and lose by investing in corrupt institutional environments, grounded in an understanding of the differences between risk and uncertainty, reinforcing the importance of considering the potential impacts of both the formal and informal dimensions of corruption in a firm’s operating environment.
Commentary on “Vocational training for livelihood and rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities”
Authors: Evans Ceridwen
Published: November 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this commentary is to reflect on some of the themes presented in the associated article “Vocational training for livelihood and rehabilitation of persons with intellectual disabilities” and provide considerations for future close-to-practice research in the area of vocational training models and rehabilitation provisions.

Design/methodology/approach

This commentary considers the literature in relation to rehabilitation provisions centred around vocation, highlights the need for a person-centred focus and reiterates the potential of vocation as a route to social inclusion and wider social networks.

Findings

The focus on adapting supports and vocational training programmes to fit within the context of low-income areas and country-specific legislation should be afforded particular consideration, alongside ways to achieve high-quality research rigour, which still puts the person supported at the centre of any outcome measures.

Originality/value

This commentary is aimed in part at practitioners working in the field of learning disabilities and employment/vocation, who are keen to conduct close-to-practice research.
Effects of agri‐environment schemes on farm‐level eco‐efficiency measures: Empirical evidence from EU countries
Authors: Ait Sidhoum Amer , Canessa Carolin , Sauer Johannes
Published: November 2022

The European Union (EU) budget allocated to agri‐environmental schemes (AES) has increased consistently over the past 20 years. European citizens should expect effective spending of these public funds, so investigation of the effects of these schemes on both environmental benefits and farm efficiency is warranted. We examine the effects of European agri‐environmental schemes on farm‐level eco‐efficiency. Our analysis combines data envelopment analysis and impact assessment methods to evaluate the impact of scheme payments on eco‐efficiency measures. Our results suggest that there is considerable scope for eco‐efficiency improvements, both for dairy and crop production. Results also show that the average change in eco‐efficiency scores does not vary significantly between AES participants and non‐participants, which questions the effectiveness of present AES.
The development of human gut microbiota fermentation capacity during the first year of life
Authors: Schwab Clarissa
Published: November 2022

Fermentation capacity of microbial ecosystems intrinsically depends on substrate supply and the ability of a microbial community to deliver monomers for fermentation. In established microbial ecosystems, the microbial community is adapted to efficiently degrade and ferment available biopolymers which is often concurrently reflected in the richness of the microbial community and its functional potential. During the first year of life, the human gut microbial environment is a rather dynamic system that is characterized by a change in physiological conditions (e.g. from aerobic to anaerobic conditions, physical growth of the gastrointestinal tract, development of the intestinal immune system) but also by a change in nutrient supply from a compositionally limited liquid to a diverse solid diet, which demands major compositional and functional changes of the intestinal microbiota. How these transitions link to intestinal microbial fermentation capacity has gained comparatively little interest so far. This mini‐review aims to collect evidence that already after birth, there is seeding of a hidden population of various fermentation organisms which remain present at low abundance until the cessation of breastfeeding removes nutritional restrictions of a liquid milk‐based diet. The introduction of solid food containing plant and animal material is accompanied by an altering microbiota. The concurrent increases in the abundance of degraders and fermenters lead to higher intestinal fermentation capacity indicated by increased faecal levels of the final fermentation metabolites propionate and butyrate. Recent reports indicate that the development of fermentation capacity is an important step during gut microbiota development, as chronic disorders such as allergy and atopic dermatitis have been linked to lower degradation and fermentation capacity indicated by reduced levels of final fermentation metabolites at 1 year of age.
Bloodwork: Circulatory Disorders, Immunity, and the Scarring of Systems
Authors: Yates‐Doerr Emily
Published: November 2022

In June 2021, laboratory analysis of my blood indicated dangerously low levels of iron. This article chronicles my subsequent diagnosis of uterine fibroids, the hysterectomy that followed, and the scarring that came afterward. In doing so, the article tells the story of how blood circulates—or not—through biosocial systems. It shows how the properties of blood are frequently connected to conditions of exploitation to advance the argument that paying attention to how blood works, or “bloodwork,” can illuminate systemic inequality and alternative systems. In conversation with social reproduction theory, I consider capitalism’s powerful extractivist orderings of immunity in which my iron comes at another’s expense, alongside logics of immunity based on different circulatory visions. I hold on to the possibility of growing stronger without weakening others—so long as we can attend to history and its scars.
Who Gets to Be an Author?
Authors: Kawa Nicholas C.
Published: November 2022

Who gets to be an author in contemporary anthropology and who does not? How do both questions about authorship expose problems surrounding academic labor and scholarly knowledge production, which have become normative features of the discipline? This essay examines how inherited logics and practices of anthropological authorship allow for the accumulation of intellectual capital for select academic laborers while excluding others, most notably field research assistants and students. Among university faculty, intellectual capital tends to concentrate in the hands of an elite few who are immunized from the demands imposed on most other academics, including unstable employment conditions and heavy course loads. This essay considers how anthropological scholars of labor can challenge the reigning logics of anthropological authorship through the adoption of new methods while also working to confront the neoliberal audit culture in higher education, which has created unsustainable demands for the majority of academic laborers.
Chief executive officer ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure
Authors: Hussain Muhammad Jameel , Tian Gaoliang , Ashraf Adnan , Khan Muhammad Kaleem , Ying Lu
Published: November 2022

This study explores the impact of CEO ability on corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. We take samples from Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2010 to 2019 and use the ordinary least squares as a baseline regression model to check the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. Our findings are robust to different corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure measures and CEO ability. We found a positive association between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure; thus, firms with a more able CEO are more likely to disclose more corporate environmental sustainability information. Our results also found a significant negative interaction coefficient between CEO ability and CEO career concerns. As the CEO grows older, his/her ability decreases; therefore, corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure reduces. Furthermore, we document that a female CEO strengthens the relationship between CEO ability and corporate environmental sustainability information disclosure. The study results are important for understanding corporate environmental responsibility development and implementation, particularly in China.
“Please send me the link for tomorrow, María” human‐rights based participatory research with people with learning disabilities via Zoom
Authors: de Castro María Gómez‐Carrillo , Palazuelos Adela , Corona Adrián , Sánchez Ángela , Alises Gema , Sancho Marta , Cauja Paola , Sanz Víctor
Published: November 2022

Background

This paper describes the experience of conducting a co‐researched project with people with learning disabilities in Madrid, Spain, during the COVID pandemic and lockdown. I discuss the advantages and limitations of working online and challenges encountered while coordinating and facilitating the research.

Methods

Our research project was on the impact of COVID on the lives of people with learning disabilities, which the eight co‐researchers chose. As part of my PhD, I offered my services as researcher to work together with persons with learning disabilities. Eight people took up my offer. We worked together from January 2021 to March 2022 virtually and I recorded this experience. I have written the paper, but as part of my co‐researcher agreement, I have shared my reflections and work with my co‐researchers, and we have co‐written a section to share our findings.

Findings

In this paper, I discuss the advantages and limitations of working online, challenges I encountered while coordinating and facilitating the research and the work together. Remote work enabled the group to work on a biweekly basis and with members from different parts of Madrid. It saved people time and effort getting around town, yet we had to introduce express times and spaces to socialise and create a working relationship that is less natural than during in‐person interactions and breaks. During our fieldwork, we found that the pandemic had spurred the access to digital devices and programmes, but people may still be reliant on their environment, carers or supporters to facilitate it. I included a section written with my co‐researchers, in which we reflect together on the experience of working online and how we reached out to their peers during our fieldwork. We identified limitations due to our online research methodology such as lack of owning a digital device, the difficulties having access to a private space from which to connect online and the joy of meeting other people to exchange experiences.

Conclusion

Human rights based participatory research can be done online. There are different ways of overcoming barriers to participation. However, there are people with no access to the internet or without digital skills that are being excluded and we must ensure that we reach out to them as well.
The phenotypic costs of captivity
Authors: Crates Ross , Stojanovic Dejan , Heinsohn Robert
Published: November 2022

The breeding of threatened species in captivity for release is a central tool in conservation biology. Given gloomy predictions for biodiversity trends in the Anthropocene, captive breeding will play an increasingly important role in preventing future extinctions. Relative to the wild, captive environments drastically alter selection pressures on animals. Phenotypic change in captive animals in response to these altered selection pressures can incur fitness costs post‐release, jeopardising their potential contribution to population recovery. We explore the ways in which captive environments can hinder the expression of wild phenotypes. We also stress that the phenotypes of captive‐bred animals differ from their wild counterparts in multiple ways that remain poorly understood. We propose five new research questions relating to the impact of captive phenotypes on reintroduction biology. With better use of monitoring and experimental reintroductions, a more robust evidence base should help inform adaptive management and minimise the phenotypic costs of captivity, improving the success of animal reintroductions.
Grasping decentralized finance through the lens of economic theory
Authors: Chiu Jonathan , Kahn Charles M. , Koeppl Thorsten V.
Published: November 2022

In this viewpoint article, we provide an analysis of the value proposition of decentralized finance (DeFi) and its limitations using a simple stylized model of collateralized lending. DeFi uses a decentralized ledger to run smart contracts that automatically enforce the terms of a lending contract and safeguard the collateral. DeFi can lower the costs associated with intermediated lending and improve financial inclusion. Limitations are the volatility of crypto collateral and stablecoins used for settlement, the possible incompleteness of smart contracts and the lack of a reliable oracle. A proper infrastructure reducing such limitations could improve the value of DeFi.
The challenges and pitfalls of incorporating evidence from cardiovascular outcomes trials in health economic modelling of type 2 diabetes
Authors: Evans Marc , Berry Sasha , Nazeri Avideh , Malkin Samuel JP , Ashley Donna , Hunt Barnaby , Bain Stephen C
Published: November 2022

The clinical evidence base for evaluating modern type 2 diabetes interventions has expanded greatly in recent years, with numerous efficacious treatment options available (including dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitors, glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonists and sodium‐glucose cotransporter‐2 inhibitors). The cardiovascular safety of these interventions has been assessed individually versus placebo in numerous cardiovascular outcomes trials (CVOTs), statistically powered to detect differences in a composite endpoint of major adverse cardiovascular events. There have been growing calls to incorporate these data in the long‐term modelling of type 2 diabetes interventions because current diabetes models were developed prior to the conduct of the CVOTs and therefore rely on risk equations developed in the absence of these data. However, there are numerous challenges and pitfalls to avoid when using data from CVOTs. The primary concerns are around the heterogeneity of the trials, which have different study durations, inclusion criteria, rescue medication protocols and endpoint definitions; this results in significant uncertainty when comparing two or more interventions evaluated in separate CVOTs, as robust adjustment for these differences is difficult. Analyses using CVOT data inappropriately can dilute clear evidence from head‐to‐head clinical trials, and blur healthcare decision making. Calibration of existing models may represent an approach to incorporating CVOT data into diabetes modelling, but this can only offer a valid comparison of one intervention versus placebo based on a single CVOT. Ideally, model development should utilize patient‐level data from CVOTs to prepare novel risk equations that can better model modern therapies for type 2 diabetes.
Application of machine learning methods in multiaxial fatigue life prediction
Authors: Pałczyński Krzysztof , Skibicki Dariusz , Pejkowski Łukasz , Andrysiak Tomasz
Published: November 2022

This paper compares the results of multiaxial fatigue life estimation using machine learning methods and classical fatigue models. The fatigue life of PA38‐T6 aluminum alloy under uniaxial, proportional, and non‐proportional loading, including asynchronous loading, is studied. Machine learning methods are trained only on basic loadings, namely, axial, torsional, and 90° out‐of‐phase. The results obtained with the machine learning algorithms, dense neural networks, support vector regression (with linear and radial basis functions), decision tree, random forest, and XGBoost algorithms, are comparable to the results of classical models like Ellyin–Gołoś, Fatemi–Socie, and Ince–Glinka. The best results are achieved for dense neural networks. In that case, they are often slightly more accurate than those obtained using classical methods.
Prevalence of neuropsychiatric adverse events and associated factors among adult patients on dolutegravir attending Mulago ISS clinic
Authors: Mwebaza Joyce , Meya David , Musiime Victor , Birungi Caroline
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Dolutegravir (DTG) is a second‐generation integrase strand transfer inhibitor that is recommended by the World Health Organization as the preferred first‐line and second‐line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in patients with HIV. In 2018, Uganda started using DTG‐based regimens as the preferred first‐line ART. However, concerns regarding the potential neurotoxicity of DTG have been increasing. Data on the occurrence of neuropsychiatric adverse events (NPAEs) and the associated factors among adult patients who are initiated on or switched to DTG‐based first‐line or second‐line ART in Uganda are limited.

Objective

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NPAEs among adult patients on DTG and the factors associated with their occurrence.

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional study using questionnaires administered by a trained research assistant between 15 November 2021 and 15 December 2021. The study included patients aged ≥18 years with HIV who were either initiated on or switched to a DTG‐based ART regimen between 1 January 2018 and 31 October 2021. Informed consent and data were collected from 892 participants attending Mulago ISS clinic, including data on age, sex, marital status, disclosure status, current regimen, duration on ART, concurrent illness, concurrent medications, year of switch to DTG, duration on DTG, whether the onset of NPAEs was immediate or delayed, history of alcohol use or smoking, level of education, report of NPAEs while on DTG, and history of NPAEs while on previous regimen. Data were entered into Epidata version 4.6.0.2 then exported to Stata version 14 for analysis.

Results

Of the 892 adults on DTG attending Mulago ISS clinic, 41.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 38.5%–44.9%) experienced at least one NPAE. DTG duration in years (adjusted prevalence [aPR] = 1.21, p = 0.024), disclosure status (aPR = 1.40, p = 0.042), concurrent medications (aPR = 1.31, p = 0.026), year of switch to DTG, and concurrent illness were associated with an increased occurrence of NPAEs.

Conclusions

The prevalence of NPAEs was higher than that reported by any clinical trial. About 9.1% of participants had experienced severe to life‐threatening NPAEs that required intervention from a healthcare professional to improve tolerability. The high prevalence requires that clinicians screen for NPAEs at very visit and reassure patients to maximize the benefits of long‐term ART.
Evaluation of the transdentinal capability of the intrinsic antibacterial cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Yang Xiaojun , Zhan Chaoning , Cheng Tianjiao , Huang Minchun , Ge Weiwen , Zhang Yiqing , Chen Ting , Lu Yanli , Cui Zhong‐Kai , Hou Jin
Published: November 2022

Aim

Dentinal tubules serve as disease‐causing channels for infiltration and penetration of bacteria and their by‐products; which are regarded as the major driver of pathogenesis in pulpal inflammation and infection. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the transdentinal potential of nanoscale cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol (CPC/Chol) sterosomes, which are a recently developed type of cationic non‐phospholipid liposomal nanocarrier; as well as their intrinsic and universal antibacterial activity.

Methodology

Cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes were formulated, with a hydrodynamic diameter of 134 ± 4 nm, a low polydisperse index of 0.161 ± 0.007, and a positive zeta potential of 41 ± 3 mV at pH 7.4. Transdentinal diffusion ability of sterosomes was evaluated using human dentine blocks in vitro, and Wistar rat molar teeth in vivo. The intrinsic antibacterial activities of CPC/Chol sterosomes against Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis were further examined.

Results

Cetylpyridinium chloride/cholesterol sterosomes successfully penetrated through the dentinal tubules, and diffused into the pulp, which could be internalized by dental pulp cells with a high efficiency. In addition, they exhibited substantial levels of intrinsic antibacterial activity against these Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative endodontic bacteria and their biofilms.

Conclusions

Given its high penetration and diffusion ability through the dentine and pulp, great potential for multi‐drug delivery, and distinct intrinsic antibacterial activity; sterosome‐based nanocarriers might serve as a promising therapeutic strategy aimed at targeting various specific pathways associated with pulpal diseases. This will help determine and characterize the most appropriate prophylactic and therapeutic targets for early intervention in our future dentistry practice.
Editorial Perspective: Medical body modification in youth with gender dysphoria or body dysmorphic disorder – is current practice coherent and evidence‐based?
Authors: Kohls Gregor , Roessner Veit
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, there has been a steady increase in the number of people, including adolescents, undergoing medical body modification (MBM) to alter their physically healthy bodies in invasive and nearly irreversible ways through medical treatment (e.g. surgery). While MBM is often recommended for youth with persisting gender dysphoria (GD), in body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) it has been considered contraindicated. Here, we outline the current controversies surrounding MBM practice and recommendations in adolescents with GD versus those with BDD in order to better understand under what circumstances we may or may not support adolescents who want to change their bodies medically and often irreversibly. We compare the two disorders in terms of the overlap and uniqueness of their behavioural and psychological features. In doing so, we discuss limitations of the existing (often low‐quality) evidence for and against MBM in young patients. We conclude that the currently available evidence is too preliminary and far from conclusive to make any robust recommendations in terms of benefits and harms of MBM in youth with persisting GD or BDD. However, we strongly recommend further urgent scientific discussions and systematic research efforts into more robust evaluations and the identification of more precise psychological characteristics that may serve as decision criteria for or against MBM – particularly in those adolescents who did not respond to non‐MBM, that is, psychiatric/psychological treatment and psychosocial support, if available at all. This will greatly benefit youth healthcare professionals in their challenging clinical practice of making decisions regarding MBM today and in the future.
Raspberry pulp pasteurization: Computational fluid dynamics modeling and experimental validation of color and bioactive compound retention
Authors: Badin Emiliano Emanuel , Augusto Pedro Esteves Duarte , Quevedo‐Leon Roberto Agustín , Ibarz Albert , Ribotta Pablo Daniel , Lespinard Alejandro Rafael
Published: November 2022

This work evaluated the heat transfer, fluid flow, and different reactions that occur during the pasteurization of raspberry pulp. The pulp was packed in glass jars and thermal processing was conducted by immersion in a water bath. The process was evaluated by multiphysics modeling, with the aim of determining the temperature distribution, flow pattern, the slowest heating zone (SHZ) location, the microbial inactivation, and the quality changes taking place during processing. In order to simulate the process accurately, a model was developed using experimentally measured product and heat transfer properties (density, thermal expansion, specific heat, thermal conductivity, apparent viscosity, and convective heat transfer coefficient) and kinetics of thermal degradation of quality parameters (color, anthocyanin, and ascorbic acid). The model was successfully validated against experimental measurements of both temperature and quality losses. After validation, the model was used to design and evaluate equivalent thermal processing conditions. Improved processes were identified that minimized the changes of color and the bioactive compounds, while maintaining product safety and stability.

Practical Applications

Thermal processing of raspberries may induce several physicochemical changes that impair their sensorial properties, and may reduce the content of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Hence, the design and optimization of heat treatments is a key tool to guarantee safety while, at the same time, minimizing detrimental side effects which involve a loss of quality. In this investigation, we assessed the actual thermo‐physical properties of raspberry pulp and the system heat transfer coefficients. Then, we developed a CFD model to predict the temperature and velocity transient profiles, the location of the SHZ, and the quality changes occurring in raspberry pulp during pasteurization. The findings of this study could be useful to food processors for optimizing pasteurization conditions in order to obtain safe and high‐quality raspberry pulp preserves, as well as for reducing processing energy requirements.
The structural relationship between job satisfaction and organizational commitment of beauty industry employees
Authors: Shin Eun Jung , Kwon Ki Han
Published: November 2022

Background

Based on the analysis results that can further enhance organizational satisfaction and response to changes in the employment environment of cosmetic employees and workers through organizational commitment and turnover intention of cosmetic.

Objectives

This research paper empirically analyzed changes in employment environment due to coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) pandemic and 4th industrial revolution and the effect of employees and job satisfaction on turnover intention in the cosmetic industry, and sought measures necessary for conflict management in industrial sites.

Methods

A self‐report questionnaire was conducted on 508 cosmetic implementers. Statistical processing of the data collected by the data analysis method was analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) WIN23.0 statistical package program through data coding and data organizing process.

Results

Changes in the employment environment were found to have a significant effect on job satisfaction (t = −11.728, p < 0.05). Changes in the employment environment were found to have a significant effect on organizational commitment, which is a dependent variable (t = −9.476, p < 0.05). Changes in the employment environment and job satisfaction were found to have a significant effect on organizational commitment, and this regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 67.703, p < 0.05). Job satisfaction showed a significant positive (+) effect on organizational commitment rather than the employment environment (t = 6.235, p < 0.05). As a result, it was found that the organizational commitment and job satisfaction of cosmetic employees and workers affected their turnover intentions due to changes in the employment environment due to the 4th industrial revolution and the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusion

This study focused on the relationship between employment environment changes in the cosmetic industry due to the recent 4th industrial revolution and the COVID‐19 pandemic, and the effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment of cosmetic employees on turnover intention. Based on the results of the analysis that can further increase the organizational commitment and search for job satisfaction of cosmetic employers and workers, we intend to establish the identity of cosmetic industry organizations nationwide and raise community awareness. This study will help the development and growth of the cosmetic industry by providing basic data that can be reborn as a better cosmetic service organization.
Efficacy and safety of a new medicated nail hydrolacquer in the treatment of adults with toenail onychomycosis: A randomised clinical trial
Authors: Zalacain‐Vicuña Antonio J. , Nieto Carlos , Picas Jordi , Martínez Helena , Bermejo Rafael , Corrales Adrián , Campos Francisco Fernández , Igea Soledad Anguiano , Otero‐Espinar Francisco Javier , Briones Vicente García‐Patos
Published: November 2022

Background

A new water‐soluble formulation with ciclopirox has shown a higher penetration than other ciclopirox nail lacquers currently marketed, thus providing a higher concentration of ciclopirox into the nail.

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer compared with its vehicle and an active comparator (hydroxypropyl chitosan‐based 80 mg/g ciclopirox nail lacquer) for the treatment of toenail fungal infection.

Methods

Phase III, multicenter, randomised, double‐blind, clinical trial in patients with distal mild to moderate toenail onychomycosis due to dermatophyte fungi. Patients were randomised to apply topically a ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer, its vehicle or a reference product once daily for 48 weeks with a follow‐up period of 4 weeks up to week 52.

Results

A total of 381 patients were included. No statistically significant differences were observed between patient groups in the proportion of subjects achieving a complete cure. At week 52, a higher percentage of patients in the ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer group achieved a mycological cure (negative for culture and DTS/KOH test, with results: 32.0% ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer, 23.2% vehicle and 27% reference product, respectively), and similar results were found for improvement (mycological cure and reduction of diseased nail ≥20%, with results: 27.2% ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer, 21.6% vehicle and 20.6% reference product, respectively). Regarding mycological results, only ciclopirox nail hydrolacquer demonstrated significant statistical superiority versus vehicle negativizing dermatophyte culture (p = .039) with no recurrences, relapses or re‐infections in a four‐week follow‐up patients with complete cure. The safety profile was comparable to the vehicle and reference product and consistent with the previously reported.

Conclusions

A new water‐soluble formulation for a ciclopirox nail lacquer showed similar efficacy to the reference product to eradicate toenail onychomycosis and superiority in the mycological cure defined by negative culture, thus preventing reinfections and recurrences. Efficacy and safety data demonstrate the positive benefit–risk profile of this new topical antifungal preparation. [Correction added on 13 April 2023, after first online publication: The results and conclusions in the Abstract contained incorrect information and were revised in this version.]
A descriptive study of Parkinson disease and atypical parkinsonisms in the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan
Authors: Horimoto Yoshihiko , Sato Chikako , Anan Chise , Suzuki Ayuko , Inagaki Aki , Tajima Toshihisa , Hibino Hiroaki , Inagaki Hiroshi
Published: November 2022

Although many entities have been established within the broad spectrum of Parkinson disease (PD) and atypical parkinsonisms, they are often difficult to differentiate. To clarify the current clinical diagnostic conditions and problems in PD and atypical parkinsonisms, we analyzed volumes of the Annuals of the Pathological Autopsy Cases in Japan. Among 130 105 autopsies conducted from 2007 to 2016 throughout Japan, patients were included in the study if they had been either clinically or pathologically diagnosed with PD, multiple system atrophy (MSA), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), or corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Autopsy rates were 6.4% for clinically diagnosed PD, 34.1% for MSA, 16.3% for PSP, and 17.4% for CBD. The specificities and sensitivities of clinical diagnoses were 88.0% and 82.0% for PD, 95.2% and 86.0% for MSA, 82.7% and 73.2% for PSP, and 55.4% and 57.7% for CBD, respectively. Clinical diagnoses had relatively high accuracy, but low autopsy rates are of concern. Many patients with rarer disorders were clinically misdiagnosed with PD, a more common disorder. Autopsy rates, irrespective of specific disorders, should be increased to detect rare diseases. Increasing autopsy rates will increase the available clinical information regarding pathologically confirmed patients and contribute to more accurate clinical diagnoses.
On the independence of belief and credence
Authors: Jackson Elizabeth
Published: November 2022

Much of the literature on the relationship between belief and credence has focused on the reduction question: that is, whether either belief or credence reduces to the other. This debate, while important, only scratches the surface of the belief‐credence connection. Even on the anti‐reductive dualist view, belief and credence could still be very tightly connected. Here, I explore questions about the belief‐credence connection that go beyond reduction. This paper is dedicated to what I call the independence question: just how independent are belief and credence? I look at this question from two angles: a descriptive one (as a psychological matter, how much can belief and credence come apart?) and a normative one (for a rational person, how closely connected are belief and credence?) I argue that those committed to minimal normative independence should accept more radical normative independence, and that cases of descriptive independence support belief‐credence dualism. This suggests that belief and credence are more independent than one might think.
Immune repertoire profiling for disease pathobiology
Authors: Katoh Hiroto , Komura Daisuke , Furuya Genta , Ishikawa Shumpei
Published: November 2022

Lymphocytes consist of highly heterogeneous populations, each expressing a specific cell surface receptor corresponding to a particular antigen. Lymphocytes are both the cause and regulator of various diseases, including autoimmune/allergic diseases, lifestyle diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancers. Recently, immune repertoire sequencing has attracted much attention because it helps obtain global profiles of the immune receptor sequences of infiltrating T and B cells in specimens. Immune repertoire sequencing not only helps deepen our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of immune‐related pathology but also assists in discovering novel therapeutic modalities for diseases, thereby shedding colorful light on otherwise tiny monotonous cells when observed under a microscope. In this review article, we introduce and detail the background and methodology of immune repertoire sequencing and summarize recent scientific achievements in association with human diseases. Future perspectives on this genetic technique in the field of histopathological research will also be discussed.
Administrative burden in digital public service delivery: The social infrastructure of library programs for e‐inclusion
Authors: Giest Sarah , Samuels Annemarie
Published: November 2022

In their efforts to digitize public service delivery, countries increasingly use algorithms based on mathematical models, data and/or a combination of different administrative datasets to issue decisions, but recent studies point towards challenges around citizens' understanding, accessing, and filing objections to such automated decisions. This paper focuses on the social infrastructure supporting citizens that struggle with accessing such services. To address this, we ask: How does the social infrastructure affect administrative burdens associated with digital government services? This is studied in the Dutch context through expert interviews and observations of support programs in libraries. We find that although libraries as primary sites for these services may pose the disadvantage of being more difficult to reach for low‐literate citizens, advantages are their organizational structure at the local level as well as their currently changing role to include a growing range of services, including (digital) skills courses.
Saviors and Services: The Interface of Neoliberal Deprivation, Hegemonic Christianity, Social Exclusion, and Rural Church Resource Provision☆
Authors: Magnus Amy M. , Sherrick Alyse
Published: November 2022

With one‐third of rural areas in the United States living in persistently high poverty, churches are some of the most prolific—and often only—sources of resource‐provision in rural places. This paper qualitatively examines the complex role that churches play as resource providers in rural areas. Further, we examine the ways churches are helpful and/or harmful in meeting the needs of those experiencing vulnerability. We fuse hegemonic Christianity with social exclusion and neoliberalism to argue that rural people may not only experience ostracization and othering, but can also lose access to already‐limited resources in rural areas as a result. Using community‐based action research, ethnography, 47 semi‐structured interviews, and research participant‐driven photography from a town we call Gordon, we find that while churches are important resource‐providers, they perpetuate hegemonic Christianity, hold exclusionary power, and act as critical gatekeepers for resources. This often results in ostracization and jeopardizes resource provision for those most vulnerable. This is a critical finding that demonstrates the complexity of resource provision, church influence, and rurality. We highlight participants’ suggestions for ways to expand services in rural places without solely relying on religious organizations.