bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of let‐7d explains down‐regulated KDM3A and ENO2 in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia
Authors: Xu Qian , Song Yonghui , Lu Lili
Published: August 2021

Pre‐eclampsia (PE) is the leading cause of maternal death; however, the causative molecular basis remains largely unknown. Recent studies have revealed the important role microRNAs (miRNAs) play in PE. We aimed to explore the effects of let‐7d on trophoblast proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis in PE and its underlying mechanism. Placental tissues were collected from PE patients and healthy pregnant women, and it was found that let‐7d expression was increased, while KDM3A and ENO2 expression was decreased in PE tissues and cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated the interaction among let‐7d, KDM3A and ENO2, confirmed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay; ChIP experiment identified methylated modification to ENO2 by KDM3A. With gain‐ and loss‐function method, silencing of let‐7d increased KDM3A expression and enhanced the binding between KDM3A and ENO2. Furthermore, overexpression of let‐7d suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion of trophoblasts, and induced apoptosis of trophoblasts, while these capacities were restored upon additional treatment of overexpressed ENO2. PE rat models were established to explore the effects of let‐7d and ENO2 on PE in vivo. The results established that the silencing of let‐7d alleviated the tissue injury and PE‐related symptoms when reducing urine protein, TUNEL‐positive cells and increasing ENO2, and KDM3A expression in rats. Cumulatively, let‐7d suppressed cell progression of trophoblasts, and induced apoptosis through the down‐regulation of KDM3A to promote ENO2 methylation, thereby promoting progression of PE. Such an epigenetic network of let‐7d, KDM3A and ENO2 in the pathogenesis of PE might provide novel insight into targeted therapy against this disorder.
The attraction trick: males in early stages of disease become more chemically attractive to Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) females
Authors: Rossi Vanessa Stramantinoli , de Mello Isabela Maria , Barki Assaf , Giaquinto Percilia Cardoso
Published: August 2021

In aquatic systems, olfaction plays an important role in acquiring information about the social environment and influences important behaviours in various contexts, including predator avoidance, foraging, aggressive and reproductive behaviour and mate selection. As the presence of diseases might modify individual odour, fish may use the variability in conspecifics’ odours as an indicator of the health status and infectious load of potential mates. Here, female Nile tilapia were tested for their ability to detect infected males and discriminate between bacterial infected and uninfected individuals by means of chemical cues. Females were allowed to choose between the odours of males infected by Aeromonas hydrophila bacteria and uninfected males. The findings show that female Nile tilapia initially showed a preference for infected males in terms of their first choice in a dichotomous choice test, but the total duration of time spent with the stimulus from infected males was not longer than that for the uninfected males. This may indicate that males at early stages of infection, i.e., without advanced clinical signs of infection, emit odours that allow them to enjoy the benefits of socialization when the infection is not yet detected by conspecifics. Thus, in the context of reproduction, males might attract female partners and have some chance of reproducing, before being avoided.
Study of the characteristics of facial skin tone status in 1092 young Chinese females according to the ITA°
Authors: Li Nan , Yang Xiao‐Xiao , Yang Ru‐ya , Yi Fan
Published: August 2021

Background

The ITA° is the gold standard for skin tone classification. Different skin tones are often associated with different skin characteristics and issues. Different skin types are often associated with different skin characteristics and issues in China.

Aims

To study the population's skin color distribution and accompanying skin problems according to the ITA° classification standard.

Methods

A total of 1092 women aged 22–42 years were recruited in 7 cities in China. All biophysical parameter measurements (SM, CM, TWEL, pH, R2, GLOSS_DSCT, MEXA, ERYTH, ITA°; 9 indexes total) were quantified with noninvasive instruments. All volunteers provided consent before enrollment.

Result

The main skin color categories were light (II), very light (I), intermediate (III), and tan (IV). The results demonstrated that the characteristics of the facial skin based on the ITA° were significantly different among cities and age groups and were associated with different skin issues.

Conclusions

Lighter skin was associated with worse skin elasticity; intermediate skin was associated with worse skin hydration content and was most prone to being oily; and darker skin was associated with poor barrier function. Established principal component regression (PCR) indicated that pH, gloss GLOSS_DSC, MEXA, ERYTH, TEWL, and SM had significant effects on the ITA°.
Fluoridated water impact on tooth decay and fluorosis in 17–20‐year‐olds exposed to fluoride toothpaste
Authors: Marques Ravena Brito , Lima Cacilda Castelo Branco , de Abreu Costa Marina Lua Vieira , de Deus Moura de Lima Marina , de Fátima Almeida de Deus Moura Lúcia , Tabchoury Cinthia Pereira Machado , de Moura Marcoeli Silva
Published: August 2021

Objective

To determine the impact of water fluoridation on the prevalence and severity of dental caries and fluorosis in individuals aged 17–20 years exposed to fluoride toothpaste.

Methods

The study population consisted of 660 students from public schools, residents of areas supplied with fluoridated water (exposed group) or not (not exposed group). Students from both groups had access to fluoride toothpaste throughout life. A questionnaire about socioeconomic demographic aspects, conditions related to access and exposure to fluoridated water, and habits related to oral health was applied. Dental caries was measured by the DMFT index and dental fluorosis by the TF index. The chi‐square test, t test, and subsequently logistic regression were applied for data analysis.

Results

Caries experience (DMFT≠0) was significantly higher in students from areas not exposed to fluoridated water, after adjustments to clinical conditions, demographic socioeconomic profile, and hygiene habits. The DMFT mean (±SD) was significantly higher in students from areas not exposed to fluoridated water than exposed (3.83 [±3.28] and 2.48 [±2.71] respectively). The prevalence of very mild/mild and moderate fluorosis was 41.1% and 21% for students either exposed to fluoridated water or not, respectively.

Conclusion

Exposure to fluoridated water was associated with a lower prevalence and severity of tooth decay, in spite of the use of fluoridated toothpaste. The prevalence of dental fluorosis at all levels was higher in fluoridated areas, however, in both groups, there were few cases with esthetic implications.
Insomnia disorder and long‐term mortality in adult patients treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in South Korea
Authors: Park Hye Yoon , Song In‐Ae , Cho Hyoung‐Won , Oh Tak Kyu
Published: August 2021

We investigated the prevalence of insomnia in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)‐treated patients and examined the association between post‐ECMO insomnia disorder and long‐term mortality. In the present population‐based cohort study, we used data from the National Health Insurance Claims database in South Korea. All adult patients who underwent ECMO between 2006 and 2014 were included, and ECMO‐treated patients were defined as those who survived >365 days after ECMO. Insomnia disorder was identified using the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision codes G47.0 and F51.0. Overall, 3,055 ECMO‐treated patients were included in the final analysis: 431 (14.1%) had pre‐ECMO insomnia disorder, while 148 (4.8%) were newly diagnosed with insomnia disorder up to 1 year after ECMO. In multivariable Cox regression model, patients with post‐ECMO insomnia disorder had higher 5‐year all‐cause mortality (ACM) than controls (hazard ratio [HR] 1.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21–2.42; p = 0.003); however, those with pre‐ECMO insomnia disorder did not (p = 0.655). In sensitivity analysis, post‐ECMO insomnia disorder with underlying psychiatric illness was associated with a 2.39‐fold higher 5‐year ACM in ECMO‐treated patients (HR 2.39, 95% CI 1.52–3.75; p < 0.001). In conclusion, at 1‐year after ECMO, 4.8% of ECMO‐treated patients were newly diagnosed with insomnia disorder, and post‐ECMO insomnia disorder was associated with higher 5‐year ACM, especially in those with underlying psychiatric illness. Our present results suggest that the development of insomnia disorder might be related to poorer long‐term survival in ECMO‐treated patients, especially in case of underlying psychiatric illness.
Is serum zinc status related to gestational diabetes mellitus? A meta‐analysis
Authors: Fan Jiehui , Zhang Tingting , Yu Yanchao , Zhang Bao
Published: August 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common medical disorder that begins during pregnancy. The present work aimed to investigate the relationship of maternal or foetal circulatory zinc levels with GDM. Related studies were retrieved against the PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Scopus databases till July 2020. The overall effects were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD). Furthermore, the random effects model was used to assess the summarised risk ratios (SRRs) to determine the relationship between zinc and the risk of GDM. A total of 15 articles involving were retrieved for meta‐analysis; in the meantime, 4955 subjects including 1549 GDM cases were enrolled for quantitative analysis. Compared with normal control, GDM cases had decreased circulating zinc level on the whole, but the difference was not statistically significant (SMD = −0.40, 95%CI: −0.80 to −0.00, P = 0.05). Interestingly, upon subgroup analysis stratified by serum zinc content but not plasma zinc concentration, there was significant difference in zinc content between GDM cases and normal controls (SMD = −0.56; 95%CI: −1.07 to −0.04, P = 0.03). Meanwhile, subgroup analysis also revealed similar tendency among the Asians and during the 2nd trimester, but not among the Caucasians or during the 1st or 3rd trimester. Data extracted from four studies that compared pregnant women with GDM in the high level of zinc and GDM in the low level of zinc yielded an SRR of 0.929 (95%CI: 0.905–0.954). According to existing evidence, the serum zinc content decreases among GDM cases compared with subjects with no abnormality in glucose tolerance, in particular among the Asians and during the second trimester. Nonetheless, more well designed prospective study should be carried out for understanding the dynamic relationship of zinc level with the incidence of GDM.
Lymphatic microcirculation profile in the progression of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Wang Bing , Sheng Youming , Li Yuan , Li Bingwei , Zhang Jian , Li Ailing , Liu Mingming , Zhang Honggang , Xiu Ruijuan
Published: August 2021

Objective

The contractile behavior of collecting lymphatic vessels occurs in essential hypertension in response to homeostasis, suggesting a possible role for microcirculation. We aimed to clarify the nature of the lymphatic microcirculation profile in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) and normotensive controls.

Methods

The vasomotion of collecting lymphatic vessels in eight‐ and thirteen‐week‐old SHRs and age‐matched Wistar‐Kyoto rats (WKYs, n = 4 per group) was visualized by intravital video and VasTrack. The lymphatic vasomotion profile (frequency and amplitude) and contractile parameters (contraction fraction and total contractility activity index) were compared. Plasma nitrite/nitrate levels were assessed by the Griess reaction, and plasma endothelin‐1 was measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

WKYs and SHRs differed in the vasomotion of collecting lymphatic vessels. Both eight‐ and thirteen‐week‐old WKYs revealed a high‐amplitude pumping pattern, whereas a low‐amplitude pattern was observed in SHRs. Moreover, compared with age‐matched WKYs, SHRs exhibited deteriorated output and reflux capability and lost the ability to regulate collecting lymphatic vasomotion. Additionally, the chemistry complements the microcirculatory lymphatic profile as demonstrated by an increase in plasma nitrite, nitrate, and endothelin‐1 in SHRs. ET‐1 inhibitor meliorated the lymphatic contractile capability in SHRs partially through regulating frequency of lymphatic vasomotion.

Conclusions

We used an intravital lymphatic imaging system to observe that SHRs exhibit an impaired collecting lymphatic vasomotion profile and deteriorated contractility and reflux.
Protein kinase D1 induced epithelial–mesenchymal transition and invasion in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma via E‐cadherin/Snail regulation
Authors: Du Yue , Lv Die , Cui Bomiao , Li Xiaoying , Chen Hongli , Kang Yingzhu , Chen Qianming , Feng Yun , Zhang Ping , Chen Jiao , Zhou Xuedong
Published: August 2021

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is a malignant tumor, which is characterized by a higher incidence of distant metastasis. The aim of this study was to investigate the role and mechanism of protein kinase D1 (PKD1) in regulating the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and promotes the metastasis in SACC. We analyzed the expression of PKD1 in 40 SACC patients and different metastatic potential cell lines. Then, we investigated whether the migration and growth of SACC were regulated by PKD1 using shRNA interference or inhibition of kinase active in vitro cell. Moreover, the mechanism by which PKD1 regulates the stability of Snail protein was determined. Finally, nude mice were used to testify the function of PKD1 via tail vein injection. PKD1 was correlated with metastasis and poor prognosis of SACC patients. PKD1 inhibition attenuated proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT of SACC cells. Conversely, kinase active PKD1 could induce EMT and promoted cell migration in human HSG cell. Furthermore, downregulation of PKD1 regulated Snail via phosphorylation at Ser‐11 on Snail protein and promotion of proteasome‐mediated degradation, and reduced lung metastasis in vivo. Our results suggest that PKD1 induces the EMT and promotes the metastasis, which illustrate that PKD1 may be a potential prognostic biomarker and serve as a potential therapeutic target for SACC patients.
Risk Factors for Intraoperative Periprosthetic Femoral Fractures in Patients with Hip Dysplasia Undergoing Total Hip Arthroplasty with Uncemented Prostheses
Authors: Liu Bo , Liu Si‐kai , Wu Tao , Liu Ze‐ming , Chen Xiao , Li Meng‐nan , Li Hui‐jie , Han Yong‐tai
Published: August 2021

Objectives

To determine the potential risk factors for intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) undergoing total hip arthroplasty (THA).

Methods

This was a retrospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with DDH and undergoing THA (by artificial joint replacement) at our hospital from January 1999 to December 2019 were included in this study. Clinical and radiological factors were obtained from their medical records, such as age, sex, Crowe classification, morphological features of proximal femur, and features of surgical procedure. The outcome of interest was the occurrence of intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fracture, which was recorded and classified according to the Vancouver classification system. According to the fracture status, the patients were divided into two groups: the fracture group and the non‐fracture group. Multivariate logistic regression model was built to identify the risk factors for these fractures.

Results

A total of 1252 hips were finally included. Intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures were identified in 62 hips. The incidence of intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures in patients with DDH undergoing THA was 4.95%. There were 22 patients (proportion = 35.48%, incidence = 1.76%) with Type A fractures, 38 (proportion = 61.29%, incidence = 3.04%) with Type B fractures, and two (proportion = 3.23%, incidence = 0.16%) with Type C fractures. Six independent risk factors for intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures were identified: osteoporosis (OR = 3.434; 95% CI, 1.963–6.007), previous surgical history (OR = 4.797; 95% CI, 2.446–9.410), Dorr Type A canal (OR = 3.025; 95% CI, 1.594–5.738), retained femoral neck length (OR = 1.121; 95% CI, 1.043–1.204), implanted metaphyseal‐diaphyseal fixation stems (OR = 3.208; 95% CI, 1.562–6.591), and implanted stem with anteversion design (OR = 2.916; 95% CI, 1.473–5.770).

Conclusions

The overall incidence of intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures in patients with DDH undergoing THA was 4.95%, which was at a moderate level compared to patients with other diseases undergoing THA. Six independent risk factors were identified: osteoporosis, previous surgical history, Dorr Type A canal, insufficient neck osteotomy level, implantation of metaphyseal‐diaphyseal fixation stem, and implantation of a stem with an anteversion design. Comprehending these risk factors might help surgeons prevent the occurrence of these intraoperative periprosthetic femoral fractures in patients with DDH.
The impact of CIEDs with automatic “wireless” remote monitoring on efficiency
Authors: Dechert Brynn E. , Bradley David J. , Serwer Gerald A. , LaPage Martin J.
Published: August 2021

Background

A benefit of automatically transmitting or “wireless” CIEDs (W‐CIED) is the prompt detection of device malfunction and arrhythmias. We hypothesized that the use of W‐CIEDs would improve the efficiency of remote monitoring by decreasing unnecessary CIED remote transmissions because of the automatic detection of abnormalities.

Objective

To compare the frequency of patient‐initiated transmissions in patients with W‐CIEDs versus non‐wireless CIEDs (NW‐CIED) at a single pediatric and congenital heart center.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of patients with W‐CIEDs followed over a 2‐year period compared to a similar cohort of patients with NW‐CIED. All CIED remote transmissions during were reviewed for indication and outcome.

Results

The W‐CIED cohort had 87 patients; mean age 20 ± 13 years; NW‐CIED cohort had 220 patients; mean age 22 ± (13) years. The mean number of symptomatic patient‐initiated transmissions per patient was 0.93 ± 2.65 in the W‐CIED cohort versus 0.39 ± 0.64 in the NW‐CIED cohort (p ≤ .001). The mean number of asymptomatic patient‐initiated transmission sent per patient in the W‐CIED cohort was 1.86 ± 2.59 versus 0.81 ± 1.41 in the NW‐CIED cohort (p ≤ .0001). Type of device, age, and presence of congenital heart disease were not significantly associated with the incidence of patient‐initiated remote monitoring transmissions.

Conclusions

The frequency of patient‐initiated transmission was higher in the W‐CIED cohort, contradictory to the study hypothesis. This may reflect a lack of patient understanding of the benefit or functionality of W‐CIEDs and may be mitigated by education to both providers and patients.
Effectiveness of an oral health training program for nursing professionals in India: An interventional study
Authors: Bhadauria Upendra Singh , Priya Harsh , Purohit Bharathi , Kharbanda Om Prakash , Khurana Charu , Das Diptajit , Dev Monica , Ravi Priyanka , Agarwal Deepali
Published: August 2021

Objectives

Nursing professionals form the first line of contact and are in a unique place to provide appropriate oral advice to patients. The study assessed the effectiveness of oral health training program for nurses.

Design

The effectiveness of the program was evaluated by a pre and post questionnaire assessment on 50 nurses.

Results

Nursing professionals had a significant increase (p < .003) in post‐training knowledge scores compared to pre‐training scores.

Conclusion

Improvement in oral health knowledge of nursing professionals has the potential for translation into practice for oral health promotion of patients and the general population.
Effectiveness of narrowband UVB phototherapy and psoralen plus UVA photochemotherapy in the treatment of generalized lichen planus: Results from a large retrospective analysis and an update of the literature
Authors: Weber Benedikt , Marquart Elias , Radakovic Sonja , Tanew Adrian
Published: August 2021

Background

The aim of this retrospective study was to compare the efficacy and safety of different phototherapeutic modalities in the treatment of cutaneous lichen planus (LP).

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the chart data of 53 patients with generalized LP who had been subjected to narrowband UVB (NB‐UVB) or photochemotherapy (PUVA) between January 1997 and April 2020. Of these, 30 patients had received NB‐UVB, 18 patients oral PUVA and 5 patients bath PUVA.

Results

Fifty patients completed a full treatment course. The percentage of patients with a complete (>90% clearing) or good (51%‐90% clearing) response was similar for NB‐UVB versus PUVA (86.2% vs. 90.5%; P = 1.00). The number of exposures required for obtaining a complete or good response was also comparable for both treatment groups (NB‐UVB: 28.9 ± 12.3 vs. PUVA: 25.4 ± 10.1; P = .209). Adverse events, in particular gastrointestinal upsets, were recorded in 26.1% of patients treated with oral PUVA while none were observed with NB‐UVB.

Conclusion

The therapeutic outcome and the number of treatments required for achieving a complete or good response were comparable for NB‐UVB and PUVA; however, PUVA therapy was associated with a substantially higher rate of moderate adverse events.
The content of indexical belief
Authors: Lando Tamar
Published: August 2021

I argue that a recent variation on the Sleeping Beauty case due to Titelbaum [2012a] puts significant pressure on Lewis's theory of doxastic content—the theory of content that Titelbaum and others presuppose. In particular, that theory cannot make sense of the rational constraints on credences imposed by the Principal Principle, as ordinarily understood. I then argue more generally that any theory on which contents of credences are sets of centered worlds cannot adequately represent all of the rational constraints on credences.
Observational vs coaching feedback on non‐dominant whole‐body motor skill performance — application to technique training
Authors: Sollie Ove , Holmsen Kristian , Steinbo Christian , Ommundsen Yngvar , Losnegard Thomas
Published: August 2021

We studied the effect of peer‐ and self‐observational feedback versus coaching feedback during technique training on performance in competitive adolescent cross‐country skiers. Fifty‐four skiers (14.3 ± 0.6 years) were divided into a control group and three intervention groups (dyad practice, video, or coaching feedback), which practiced in the asymmetrical uphill sub‐technique G2 on one side (non‐dominant side), but not the other (dominant side) for 6 × 30 min over a 5 weeks period, on roller skis outdoors. High‐speed performance and skiing economy were assessed on a roller ski treadmill before and after the intervention, and a questionnaire was answered post‐intervention. The video feedback (p = .025, d = .65) and coaching feedback (p = .007, d = .89) groups improved high‐speed performance during the intervention and an ANCOVA showed a tendency for different change scores between interventions (F3,49 = 2.5, p = .068,  = .134), with a difference between the coaching feedback and dyad practice (p = .05). No change was seen in skiing economy in any group. Coaching feedback ranked higher on enjoyment compared with dyad practice (p < .001) and led to higher self‐perception of improved technique compared with the control group (p = .038). Overall, feedback from a competent coach seems better than observation for improving performance in young athletes, although self‐observation through video with attentional cues seems a promising tool for increasing individual feedback when coaching large groups.
Experiences of white‐collar job loss and job‐searching in the United States
Authors: Rao Aliya Hamid
Published: August 2021

Unemployment is a pervasive and stubborn feature of contemporary social and economic life. This review article focuses on the meaning and experience of contemporary white‐collar unemployment in the United States. After explaining the empirical and theoretical rationales for the focus on white‐collar workers, this review delves into three aspects of white‐collar unemployment: who loses jobs; what unemployment means for one's sense of self, marital relationships, parent‐child relationships; and how the process of job‐searching and re‐employment unfold for unemployed white‐collar workers in the US. Throughout, I take an intersectional approach, identifying how sensitivity to structural location in the labor market and the family can augment our sociological understandings of these important issues. I close by suggesting directions for future research.
Notifying donors when their deferral is ending: An effective donor retention strategy
Authors: Gemelli Carley N. , Thijsen Amanda , Van Dyke Nina , Kruse Sarah P. , Davison Tanya E.
Published: August 2021

Background

The application of a temporary deferral often leads to donor lapse. Contributing factors may be donors not knowing when their deferral ends or not being contacted and asked to return. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a reminder message notifying donors that their deferral is coming to an end in increasing donors' postdeferral return rates. We evaluated the optimal time, content, and mode of delivery of the reminder message.

Study Design and Methods

Two studies were conducted with deferred donors. Study 1: donors (n = 1676) were randomized to be sent a reminder message at one of three time points (4 weeks before, 1 week before, and 1 week after their deferral ended) or to a no contact control condition. Study 2: donors (n = 1973) were randomized to three message type conditions (emotive email, nonemotive email, nonemotive SMS). Attempted return behavior was extracted (appointments, attendances) at 1 month.

Results

In Study 1, being sent the reminder message increased odds of donors attempting to return within 3 months compared with the control group (OR:2.01). Sending the reminder 1 week before the deferral ended was the most effective time point. In Study 2, the nonemotive message increased the odds of attempting to return compared with the emotive message (OR:1.38). No differences were found between email and SMS messages.

Discussion

Sending a reminder message to donors when their deferral is coming to an end is a simple, effective, and cost‐effective method to retain donors.
Development of perioperative premature ventricular contractions as an indicator of splenic hemangiosarcoma and median survival times
Authors: Panissidi Amanda A. , DeSandre‐Robinson Dana M.
Published: August 2021

Objective

The objectives of this study are (1) to determine whether there is an association between dogs with splenic hemangiosarcoma (HSA) and the development of premature ventricular contractions (VPCs), (2) to determine if there is a higher likelihood for dogs with ruptured splenic masses to be diagnosed with HSA and to develop VPCs, (3) to determine if the development of VPCs affects median survival times compared to dogs with benign or non‐HSA malignant splenic masses.

Study Design

Retrospective case series.

Animals

Forty‐five dogs.

Methods

Medical records of dogs undergoing splenectomy were reviewed for signalment, perioperative electrocardiogram (ECG), hematological values, histologic diagnosis, metastasis, and survival times. ECGs were performed preoperatively, intraoperatively, and continuously postoperatively. The presence of VPCs was recorded. The data were evaluated for an association between the development of VPCs and the histologic diagnosis of HSA.

Results

Eighteen out of 45 (40%) dogs were diagnosed with HSA with 13/18 (72%) dogs having VPCs postoperatively (P = .02). Ruptured splenic HSA and VPCs were noted in 13 dogs (P = .73). An association between dogs with and without VPCs diagnosed with HSA and median survival times could not be established.

Conclusion

Postoperative VPCs were more likely with splenic HSA. Splenic masses were more likely to be HSA if ruptured but less likely to develop VPCs. Development of VPCs does not affect median survival times.

Clinical Significance

Development of postoperative VPCs may be a potential indicator of HSA, however, this warrants further investigations. Development of VPCs does not have a deleterious effect on survival.
Geografia dos Votos Inválidos na Eleição de 1982 no Estado do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Sant'Anna Marina , Freire Ludy
Published: August 2021

Firstly this paper tries to analyze and explain the spatial distribution pattern of null and blank votes across the territorial administrative divisious (municipios) of Rio de Janeiro State in 1982 election. Secondly, it tries to identify and evaluate the correlation between void votes and the social-economic characteristcs of the population of these municipios.
Características de Sedimentos Obtidos em Perfurações na Restinga de Jacarepaguá - RJ
Authors: Marques Jorge Soares
Published: August 2021

The granulometric analysis results of sand sediments obtained through two boring in the Jacarepaguá beach ridge are shown. This paper presents the differences among two sample colections of sand and some observations about the lagunar and marine process correlated with these sediments.
Relationship between Processing Parameters, Product Dimensions, and Wave Strain Hardening
Authors: Kirichek Andrey Victorovich , Barinov Sergey Vladimirovich
Published: August 2021

This article considers the influence of the size of processed workpieces during their strain hardening based on the impact of deformation waves on the processed surface. For the first time, the specificity of the hardened layer formation by wave strain hardening (WSH) makes it possible to draw attention to the fact that, with equal volumes of hardened samples and processing modes, different diagrams of microhardness distribution in the surface layer are observed. The aim of this work is to establish the relationship between processing parameters, workpiece dimensions, and the WSH nature for the first time. The experiments are carried out on a specially designed bench. It is established that WSH occurs not only from the front side (along which the processing was performed), but also from the back side, while leaving the original material hardness in the middle of the sample. The results obtained form a basis for the further development of WSH technology.
Unsteady Lattice Boltzmann Simulations of Corner Separation in a Compressor Cascade
Authors: Boudet J. , Lévêque E. , Touil H.
Published: August 2021

Lattice Boltzmann simulations of corner separation flow in a compressor cascade are presented. The lattice Boltzmann approach is rather new in the context of turbomachinery, and the configuration is known to be particularly challenging for turbulence modeling. The present methodology is characterized by a quasi-autonomous meshing strategy and a limited computational cost (a net ratio of 5 compared to a previous finite-volume compressible Navier–Stokes simulation). The simulation of the reference case (4 deg incidence) shows a good agreement with the experimental data concerning the wall pressure distribution or the distribution of losses. A good description is also obtained when incidence angle is increased to 7 deg, with a span-wise development of the separation. Subsequently, the methodology is used to investigate the sensitivity of the flow to the end-wall boundary-layer thickness. A thinner boundary-layer results in a smaller corner separation, but not a complete elimination. Finally, the ingredients of the wall modeling are analyzed in details. On the one hand, the curvature correction term promotes transition to turbulence on the blade suction side and avoids a spurious separation. On the other hand, the addition of the pressure-gradient correction term allows a wider and more realistic corner separation.
Stability and Unbalance Analysis of Rigid Rotors Supported by Spiral Groove Bearings: Comparison of Different Approaches
Authors: Iseli Elia , Schiffmann Jurg
Published: August 2021

The dynamic behavior of spiral-grooved gas bearing supported 4DoF rotors is investigated by means of linearized bearing force coefficients and full time-integrated transient analysis. The two methods are compared for a variation of test rotors and bearing geometries in a given compressibility number interval of Lambda = [0,40]. The limitations and weaknesses of the linearized model are presented. It is shown that shafts with two symmetric herringbone-groove journal bearings have their maximum stability and load capacity if the center of gravity lays in the middle of the two bearings. For symmetric rotors (la/lb = 1) the two rigid modes, cylindrical and conical, are present and are influenced by the mass and transverse moment of inertia independently. For asymmetric rotors (la/lb < 1) the stability region decreases and the modes have a mixed shape. It is no longer possible to clearly distinguish between pure cylindrical and pure conical mode shapes. The two methods predict the critical mass and critical transverse moment of inertias within a difference of < 7%. A quasi-linear unbalance module for rigid gas bearing supported rotors is presented, which considers eccentricity dependent bearing force coefficients, allowing to speed up the unbalance response analysis by four orders of magnitude. The unbalance module is compared with the full transient orbital analysis, suggesting that the quasi-linear module predicts the non-linear unbalance response with <6% deviation for amplitudes up to e < 0.5 within the complete compressibility number range.
A Novel Large-Eddy Simulation-Based Process for NOx Emission Assessment in a Premixed Swirl Stabilized Combustion System
Authors: Meloni R. , Andreini A. , Nassini P. C.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a new computational fluid dynamics (CFD) approach for the assessment of NOx emission. The methodology is validated against the experimental data of a heavy-duty gas turbine annular combustor. Since the NOx formation involves time scales that are different from the fuel oxidation time, this work defines the transport equation source terms for NOx basis on a dedicated NOx-Damköhler number. The latter parameter allows to properly distinguish the “in-flame” contribution from the “postflame” one. While the former is a mix of several mechanisms (prompt, N2O-pathway, thermal), the latter is dominated by the thermal contribution. The validation phase is developed in a large-eddy simulation (LES) framework where the extended turbulent flame speed model is implemented to consider the influence of both heat loss and strain rate on the progress variable source term. The accuracy of the model against the most important operability parameters of the combustor is verified. A strong focus on the fuel composition effect onto NOx is presented as well. For any simulated operating condition, the present methodology is able to provide a limited percentage error if compared with the data, considering also different combustion regimes. Leveraging this alignment, the last portion of the paper is dedicated to detailed postprocessing highlighting the role of some key factors on NOx formation. In particular, the focus will be dedicated to the impact of the fuel gas composition and the pilot split.
WHO relaunches global drug trial with three new candidates
Authors: Kupferschmidt Kai
Published: August 2021

Solidarity kicks back into action after 6-month pause
Conflict flares over incidental genetic findings
Authors: Wadman Meredith
Published: August 2021

Bioethicists reject proposal to routinely tell research participants about disease risks
Studies probe how payouts affect U.S. vaccination rates
Authors: Oza Anil
Published: August 2021

Money can sometimes tip the balance for the hesitant
Draft Whole-Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Isolated from a Marmoset in Thailand
Authors: Pinpimai Komkiew , Bunlunara Wijit , Chankow Katriya , Tantilertcharoen Rachod , Boonkam Pongthai , Punnarak Porntep , Pirarat Nopadon
Published: August 2021

Klebsiella pneumoniae
is a Gram-negative bacterium that can cause infection in various kinds of animals and humans. Here, we report the genome sequence of
K. pneumoniae
isolated from a captive marmoset in Thailand.
Microbiomes of Field-Grown Maize and Soybean in Southeastern and Central Brazil Inferred by High-Throughput 16S and Internal Transcribed Spacer Amplicon Sequencing
Authors: Rossmann Maike , Thomas Andrew Maltez , Guima Suzana Sato , Martins Layla Farage , Inderbitzin Patrik , Knight-Connoni Victoria , da Silva Aline Maria , Setubal João C.
Published: August 2021

We report the microbial 16S rRNA gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing data of maize and soybean plants and field soil from eight locations in Brazil.
Enterobacter
and
Pseudomonas
were among the most abundant genera. The data suggest the presence of several species that have not been documented for Brazil.
Draft Genome Sequences of Clinical Respiratory Isolates of Mycobacterium goodii Recovered in Ireland
Authors: Mok Simone , Flanagan Peter R. , Roycroft Emma , Rogers Thomas R. , Fitzgibbon Margaret M.
Published: August 2021

Here, we describe the draft genomes of five
Mycobacterium goodii
isolates that were recovered from respiratory clinical specimens in Ireland. Currently, one complete genome and one draft genome exist publicly for
M. goodii
.
Complete Genome Sequence of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 1193 Isolate AVS0096, Recovered from River Water in Switzerland
Authors: Biggel Michael , Hoehn Sarah , Schmitt Kira , Frei Andrea , Jans Christoph , Stephan Roger
Published: August 2021

Escherichia coli
sequence type 1193 (ST1193) is an important cause of multidrug-resistant extraintestinal infections. Here, we report the complete genome sequence of strain AVS0096, isolated from river water in Switzerland in 2020. The genome consists of a chromosome (4.9 Mbp), a multidrug resistance plasmid (101 kb), and two small plasmids.
Malignant hepatogastric fistula with associated secondary liver abscess: a rare complication of an occult gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: Mimery Alexander , Ramly Nicolas , Das Amitabha , Rajkomar Kheman
Published: August 2021

A 73-year-old woman presented with fever and right flank pain. The admission was complicated by sepsis, myocardial ischaemia and an upper gastrointestinal bleed. A gastroscopy eventually demonstrated a large antral adenocarcinoma. Further imaging showed no evidence of metastasis, but demonstrated a large segment 3 hepatic abscess. At laparotomy, a hepatogastric fistula (HGF) was noted and a synchronous subtotal gastrectomy and left lateral liver sectionectomy was performed. Final histology showed complete resection of the gastric cancer (T4bN2) and confirmed the presence of the fistula. The patient was discharged 10 days later. She passed away 6 months later with local recurrence, hepatic and pulmonary metastasis. We include a review summarising the other causes of HGF in the literature.
Flushing episodes in the context of frontal fibrosing alopecia with facial papules
Authors: Bretas Thales Lage Bicalho , Issa Maria Claudia , Vargas Thiago Jeunon , Sousa Maria Auxiliadora Jeunon
Published: August 2021

Frontal fibrosing alopecia (FFA) is a progressive frontotemporal hairline recession with eyebrow loss. Facial papules are present in up to 14% of FFA cases and can start with facial flushes. Nevertheless, these flushes are commonly associated with rosacea, a much more prevalent disease. In this case, a woman with FFA had, at first, clinical and histopathological findings of rosacea and was treated with ivermectin 1% cream with no improvement. She returned reporting new papules in the frontal region, reaching the frontotemporal hairline. Trichoscopy of the scalp showed mild perifollicular erythema and follicular scale. The new skin biopsy was compatible with FFA, and oral finasteride (5 mg/day) and hydroxychloroquine were introduced to stabilise the disease.
Severe recurrent hypoglycaemia in a patient with aggressive melanoma
Authors: Warda Firas , Richter Angela , Wehmeier Kent , Shahla Leena
Published: August 2021

. We present a case of hypoglycemia in a young patient without diabetes mellitus who presented initially with enlarging neck mass and weight loss, and was found to have aggressive melanoma with metastasis to multiple organs and diffuse lymphadenopathy. He had presented to the emergency room two times with neuroglycopenic symptoms that required admission and intravenous dextrose continuously. Evaluation of hypoglycemia included C-peptide, insulin levels, insulin-like growth factor (IGF) -I and -II, and ß- hydroxybutyrate. Insulin levels were suppressed appropriately during hypoglycemia, however, IGF-II:IGF-I ratio was high, suggesting non-islet tumour induced hypoglycemia. The presence of IGF-II produced by large tumors results in a low hepatic glucose output and increased uptake by skeletal muscle, resulting in hypoglycemia especially in a patient with extremely low appetite such as our patient. Treating the culprit malignancy leads to resolution of hypoglycemia, but corticosteroids have been used to suppress IGF-II levels and alleviate symptoms.
Associations between grip strength and incident type 2 diabetes: findings from the UK Biobank prospective cohort study
Authors: Boonpor Jirapitcha , Parra-Soto Solange , Petermann-Rocha Fanny , Ferrari Gerson , Welsh Paul , Pell Jill P , Sattar Naveed , Gill Jason Martin Regnald , Ho Frederick K , Gray Stuart Robert , Celis-Morales Carlos
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Grip strength has been associated with chronic diseases and mortality. However, current evidence of the association between grip strength and incident type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the associations of absolute and relative grip strength with incident T2DM and whether these associations differ by sociodemographic, lifestyle and adiposity-related factors.

Research design and methods

This was a prospective cohort study of 166 894 participants in the UK Biobank (mean age 56.5 years, 54.4% women). The outcome was T2DM incidence and the exposure was grip strength, expressed in absolute (kg) and relative (kg per kg of body weight) values. The association between grip strength and T2DM incidence was investigated using Cox-proportional regression.

Results

The median follow-up was 5.3 years (IQR: 4.7–6.1). During this time, 3713 participants developed T2DM. Lower grip strength was associated with a higher risk of T2DM in both sexes. Those in the lowest quintile of absolute grip strength had a 50% higher risk in men (HR: 1.50 (95% CI: 1.30 to 1.73)) and 25% higher risk in women (HR: 1.25 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.47)) compared with those in the highest quintile. For relative grip strength, risk of diabetes was more than double for men (HR: 2.22 (95% CI: 1.84 to 2.67)) and 96% higher for women (HR: 1.96 (95% CI: 1.52 to 2.53)) in the lowest compared with highest quintiles.

Conclusions

Grip strength is associated with a higher risk of T2DM incidence in both men and women independent of important confounding factors including age, deprivation, adiposity and lifestyle. However, the associations were stronger when grip strength is expressed relative to body weight, which could reflect the importance of muscle quality.
Ethnic differences in prevalence of actionable HbA1c levels in UK Biobank: implications for screening
Authors: Anderson Jana J , Welsh Paul , Ho Frederick K , Ferguson Lyn D , Welsh Claire E , Pellicori Pierpaolo , Cleland John G F , Forbes John , Iliodromiti Stamatina , Boyle James , Lindsay Robert , Celis-Morales Carlos , Gray Stuart Robert , Katikireddi Srinivasa Vittal , Gill Jason Martin Regnald , Pell Jill P , Sattar Naveed
Published: August 2021

Introduction

Early detection and treatment of diabetes as well as its prevention help lessen longer-term complications. We determined the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes in the UK Biobank and standardized the results to the UK general population.

Research design and methods

This cross-sectional study analyzed baseline UK Biobank data on plasma glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) to compare the prevalence of pre-diabetes and undiagnosed diabetes mellitus in white, South Asian, black, and Chinese participants. The overall and ethnic-specific results were standardized to the UK general population aged 40–70 years of age.

Results

Within the UK Biobank, the overall crude prevalence was 3.6% for pre-diabetes, 0.8% for undiagnosed diabetes, and 4.4% for either. Following standardization to the UK general population, the results were similar at 3.8%, 0.8%, and 4.7%, respectively. Crude prevalence was much higher in South Asian (11.0% pre-diabetes; 3.6% undiagnosed diabetes; 14.6% either) or black (13.8% pre-diabetes; 3.0% undiagnosed diabetes; 16.8% either) participants. Only six middle-aged or old-aged South Asian individuals or seven black would need to be tested to identify an HbA1c result that merits action.

Conclusions

Single-stage population screening for pre-diabetes or undiagnosed diabetes in middle-old or old-aged South Asian and black individuals using HbA1c could be efficient and should be considered.
CLARIFY 2021: explanation and elaboration of the Delphi-based guidelines for the reporting of yoga research
Authors: Moonaz Steffany , Nault Daryl , Cramer Holger , Ward Lesley
Published: August 2021

Background

Reporting of yoga research often lacks the detail required for clinical application, study replication, summary research and comparative effectiveness studies.

Methods

To improve the transparency of reporting yoga interventions, and building on the development of previous reporting guidelines, a group of international yoga research stakeholders developed the consensus-based CheckList stAndardising the Reporting of Interventions For Yoga (CLARIFY) guidelines.

Results

The 21-item CLARIFY checklist outlines the minimum details considered necessary for high-quality reporting of yoga research. This paper provides a detailed explanation of each of the 21 items of the CLARIFY checklist, together with model examples of how to integrate each item into publications of yoga research. The CLARIFY guideline serves as an extension for existing research reporting guidelines, and is flexible for use across all study designs.

Conclusion

We strongly encourage the uptake of these reporting guidelines by researchers and journals, to facilitate improvements in the transparency and utility of yoga research.