bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The human capital theory as the basis for development of integrated reporting
Authors: Renkas Yurij
Published: February 2025

The article presents the method of preparing a report on the level of payment of human capital of the employees in the light of the concept of integrated reporting. For this purpose, an original model of measuring the value of human capital of employees and the method of determin-ing the size of remuneration were introduced.Â Â
Overuse of antibiotics in high-income, middle -income, and low-income countries: patients' knowledge, attitude, behaviour, and factors affecting doctorâ€™s prescription behaviour and attitude of prohibiting antibiotics prescription. A Systematic Review.
Authors: Sabita Shaha Dr.
Published: February 2025

Background: The excessive use of antibiotics have currently been recorded as a common phenomenon globally, and it has important public health repercussion. Consuming antibiotics every time an individual is suffering from a normal viral infection would make resistant to the antibiotics. And not be able to cure the disease, leading to harmful side effect for endorsing antibiotic resistance. The current study will be complementing all existing literature by systemic review of the available evidence on public knowledge, attitude, and behaviour regarding the misuse of antibiotics in the high, middle and low-income countries. This study also aims to investigate factors affecting physician's prescription behaviour and factors prohibiting the prescription of antibiotics. Methods: A systematic review performed through pub med, and EBSCO-HOST scientific database January 2010 to March 2020 was considered including a cross-sectional study and focus group discussion. And investigating knowledge, attitude, behaviour about antibiotic use and factors prohibiting doctor's prescription behaviour. Result: All the studies included in this review had definite objectives regarding patient, knowledge, attitude and behaviour associated with antibiotics use. These study had applied proper methodology for cross-sectional summary related to the search question. Most of the (22) reviews had appropriate methodology associated with a representative of the population. Six studies had not clear sample size and did not represent the entire population. Twenty studies had tested the validity and reliability test. A general question used by this survey categorised into four main themes. Theme: 1. Knowledge and awareness of antibiotic use, 2: attitude and behaviour related to antibiotic use, 3: knowledge and awareness of AMR and 4: factors affecting physicians prescription behaviour and attitude of prohibiting antibiotics. Conclusion: To maximise the use of surveys, the application in findings in survey and associated factors related to antibiotic use and AMR should primarily create public health intervention. A multifaceted approach is likely to improve more successful. The studies provide sufficient evidence which proves that a targeted approach in interventions has been successful in reducing antibiotic prescription and misuse.
Investigating project issue factors as causes of construction contract terminations: the case of Ghana
Authors: Coleman Charles .E , M. Mwanaumo Erastus , Muya Mundia , A. Rahman Rahimi.
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate and analyse the project issue factors (PIF) contributing to construction contract terminations within Ghana's construction industry. By identifying and understanding these key factors, the study seeks to provide valuable insights for stakeholders to improve project success rates, minimise disruptions, and foster sustainable growth in the sector. The research adopted a quantitative research approach, utilising techniques such as exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) to analyse data collected from 315 construction industry professionals in Ghana. A combination of purposive and random sampling techniques was employed to ensure a diverse and representative sample, considering participants' qualifications, experience, specialisations, and employment sectors. The study's findings revealed significant project issue factors (PIF) that contribute to construction contract terminations in Ghana. Top-ranking factors include contractor refusal to work with engineer instructions, construction time delays, failure to remedy defective works, and unsuitable materials on structures. The study underscores the importance of addressing these factors through enhanced communication, robust project management practices, quality control measures, and continuous professional development. The study’s methodology and comprehensive analysis add value to the literature as it contributes to the existing body of knowledge by focusing specifically on the Ghana’s construction industry and providing empirical insights into the factors driving construction contract terminations. The recommendations have practical implications for industry stakeholders, policymakers, and professionals, guiding them in implementing strategies to mitigate project issue factors (PIF) and improve overall project outcomes, thereby fostering a conducive environment for sustainable growth in Ghana’s construction industry.
Trends of recycling management in Taiwan during 1999 – 2021
Authors: Liao Yen-Hsiung
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Recycling is the process of converting waste materials into new materials and objects. It can prevent the waste useful materials and reduce the environmental pollution.
Approach: Using rates of recycling materials information during 1999 – 2021. We approached the trend of resource and recycling management in Taiwan.
Results: The years was significantly correlated with the recycling fund (r = 0.82, p<0.05) recycling rate of waste electronic and electric appliances (r = 0.92, p<0.05), waste containers (r = 0.88, p<0.05), waste lubricating oil (r = 0.87, p<0.05), waste information technology equipment (r = 0.73, p<0.05), waste dry cell batteries (r = 0.73, p<0.05), waste tires (r = 0.66, p<0.05), waste lead-acid batteries (r = 0.59, p<0.05), and waste lighting sources (r = 0.52, p<0.05) separately.
Conclusion: The relations of raters of recycling materials and the years were higher than the relations of recycling materials and the recycling fund. This feedback system including participating people, cleaning teams, recycling enterprises, and the recycling fund has encouraged nationwide participation.
Možné definice pojmů daň, poplatek a clo z hlediska výuky předmětu finanční právo
Authors: Hudcová Zdenka
Published: February 2025

This contribution abstractedly concerns the basic allowances especially of the state budget, which are the components of the teaching of the subject the financial law. The author presents created definitions and per analysis explains their principle. In the text there are corresponding and differential attributes of tax, fee and custom. At conclusion of the contribution the author offers own definitions, which are corresponding the analysis.
Establishment and Characterization of Primary and Subsequent Subcultures of Normal Mouse Urothelial Cells
Authors: Kreft Mateja Erdani , Hudoklin S. , Sterle M.
Published: February 2025

In this study, we report a reliable technique for the harvest, cultivation and expansion of monoculture of NMU. The NMU were harvested by two methods, directly from the urothelium in vivo and indirectly from the urothelial outgrowths of bladder explant cultures. Primary cultures and subsequent subcultures were propagated in the mixture of media MCDB 153 and Advanced-DMEM, and conditioned medium. Primary urothelial cells required an initial plating density of 1 × 105 viable cells/cm2 for survival, while passaged cells needed lower plating densities (1 × 104 viable cells per cm2). The cultured cells were identified as urothelial by their epithelioid morphology and by the positive immunofluorescence labelling of tight junctional proteins, occludin and ZO-1, adherens protein E-cadherin and cytoskeletal protein cytokeratin 7. Markers of highly differentiated urothelial cells, cytokeratin 20 and uroplakins, were not expressed. Furthermore, the immunofluorescence labelling of occludin and cytokeratin 7 was not detected in later passages when urothelial cells replicated at a high rate. In spite of the use of conditioned medium derived from V79 fibroblast cell culture supernatant, the NMU in the primary cultures and subsequent subcultures expressed a basal/intermediate cell phenotype. In conclusion, we demonstrate that homogeneous long-term culture of NMU can be developed. Since powerful transgenic tools exist to manipulate the mouse genome, our findings should help design the mouse in vitro systems for studying the control mechanisms of urothelial cell proliferation, stratification and differentiation in health and disease.
Changes of Femoral Bone Tissue Microstructure in Transgenic Rabbits
Authors: Martiniaková Monika , Omelka R. , Chrenek P. , Ryban Ľ. , Parkányi V. , Grosskopf B. , Vondráková M. , Bauerová M.
Published: February 2025

Bone tissue microstructure of femur was investigated in transgenic New Zealand White rabbits with human factor VIII gene. Altogether 42 bones (24 from transgenic rabbits and 18 from non-transgenic ones) were analysed. Specimens were prepared using standard histological equipment, producing thin sections of approximately 80-100 µ µm. For histomorphometrical analysis areas, perimeters, minimum and maximum diameters of osteons’ vascular canals and of osteons were measured. We found out that the basic structural pattern of femoral bone tissue was primary vascular longitudinal in both groups of rabbits. However, a new type of the bone tissue – fibrolamellar – was identified only in the transgenic rabbits. The measured variables of the osteons’ vascular canals were higher in transgenic individuals in comparison with the non-transgenic ones (except for maximal diameter) and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05; P < 0.01). We suppose that the observed differences could be associated with transgenesis. In an effort to explain these differences we compared the cytogenetic profile of bone marrow cells between transgenic and non-transgenic rabbits. A significantly higher rate of aneuploidy was observed in c-metaphase spreads of transgenic individuals as compared to non-transgenic ones (P < 0.001). Despite the fact that no hFVIII mRNA expression was found in the femur of transgenic rabbits, we discussed an association of transgene integration into the genome and microstructural changes in the bone. In any case, the results indicate that transgenesis can also produce changes in other tissues than in the target ones.
Toll-like Receptors. I. Structure, Function and Their Ligands
Authors: Sandor F. , Buc Milan
Published: February 2025

The innate immune system senses invading microorganisms by a phylogenetically conserved family of proteins PRRs of which TLRs are ones of the most important. There are at least 10 different TLRs in humans and 11 in mice. They have in the course of evolution specialized for the recognition of conserved structures among microorganisms called PAMPs. Activation of TLRs results in induction of innate immunity mechanisms as well in development of antigen-specific adaptive immune responses, thus bridging innate and adaptive immunity.
Der neue Zertifikatskurs „Teaching Librarian“ am Postgraduate Center der Universität Wien
Authors: Scholle Ulrike , Sobel Ariella
Published: February 2025

Die Unterstützung unterschiedlicher Zielgruppen beim Aufbau von Informationskompetenz ist seit Langem eine zentrale Dienstleistung Öffentlicher und wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken. Die hochwertige Qualifikation des Bibliothekspersonals bildet die Grundlage dafür, entsprechende Bildungs- und Serviceangebote professionell durchzuführen. Angesichts der vielfältigen Anforderungen an Teaching Librarians ist es notwendig, didaktisch-methodische und medienpädagogische Fertigkeiten in einem neuen Zertifikatskurs anzubieten und mit bibliotheksspezifischen Kenntnissen zu verbinden. Dieser Aufsatz behandelt die Implementierung eines solchen Zertifikatskurses, der im Frühjahr 2025 am Postgraduate Center der Universität Wien starten wird.
Comment on “EU Taxonomy: Mission Impossible” by Kooths (2023)
Authors: Mehmandoost Kotlar Ali
Published: February 2025

Stefan Kooths’s (2023) article, “EU Taxonomy: Mission Impossible,” offers a critical perspective on the European Union (EU) Taxonomy, arguing that it conflicts with free-market principles and could potentially impede economic growth. While Kooths (2023) raises legitimate concerns about bureaucratic burdens and the risk of market distortions, this paper argues that the EU Taxonomy is an essential policy tool to correct market failures, enhance transparency in sustainable finance, and catalyze the transition toward a more sustainable and resilient European economy. This commentary addresses Kooths’s criticisms while providing a more balanced view of the Taxonomy’s potential. Specifically, it highlights its role in addressing environmental externalities, boosting investor confidence by reducing greenwashing, and fostering green growth and innovation both within the EU and globally.
A Qualitative Longitudinal Study on the Adaptation and Coping Strategies of Men with Testicular Cancer
Authors: Karlíková Bianka , Uhrecký Branislav , Gurňáková Jitka
Published: February 2025

Research suggests that the experience of cancer is diverse rather than homogeneous. The strong emotions and stress associated with cancer lead to a search for coping strategies. Men with different types of cancer utilise physical, psychological, interpersonal, and spiritual strategies. Despite the research, the specific adaptation and coping strategies used by men with testicular cancer have rarely been studied. We focused on the adaptation and coping strategies of newly diagnosed patients (n = 17) with testicular cancer in Slovakia. For this purpose, we conducted a longitudinal qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews before, during and after chemotherapy. The verbatim transcribed interviews were analysed using ideal type analysis with a focus on typology formation and trajectory analysis in narrative approaches. The main types of psychological adaptation and strategies were grouped into 4 trajectories: the psychological barrier between the self and the illness as a coping mechanism; realistic optimism; meaning-making; and the complicated process of adaptation. The differences in adaptation were related to the patients’ emotional state before the disease, previous unprocessed life events, a death in the family during treatment, but also to the metastatic nature of the disease or the recurrence of testicular cancer. These results can help healthcare providers identify those at higher risk for complicated adaptation.
Is there a need for an extended phase definition for systems far from equilibrium?
Authors: Bautista Fernando , García-Sandoval Juan Paulo , Manero Octavio
Published: February 2025

Phase diagrams out of equilibrium have been the subject of intense research. An essential concept in these diagrams is the phase definition. Currently, that definition is well established for systems at classic thermodynamic equilibrium conditions. However, such phase definition is inadequate for systems that are not at equilibrium in the classic thermodynamic sense, like fluid systems under flowing conditions. Complex fluids may exhibit instabilities like shear-banding flow and a non-equilibrium critical point where banding flow ends. At this point, the fluid undergoes a phase transition from heterogeneous to homogeneous states. An extended thermodynamic space of variables is considered to adequately address this situation, which includes non-conservative variables such as stress and shear rate. Hence, the current phase definition based on conservative variables does not apply to non-equilibrium phase diagrams. On this basis, a broader definition of phase is required. We propose that this broader definition considers the thermodynamic variables space of Extended Irreversible Thermodynamics and the mathematical conditions that ensure compatibility between equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions for systems where phases are well described by thermodynamic potentials even out of equilibrium.
Microscopic changes and gross morphology of placenta in women affected by gestational diabetes mellitus in dietary treatment: A systematic review
Authors: Molitierno Rossella , Imparato Amalia , Iavazzo Nicola , Salzillo Cecilia , Marzullo Andrea , Laganà Antonio Simone , Etrusco Andrea , Agrifoglio Vittorio , D’Amato Antonio , Renata Esposito , Vastarella Maria Giovanna , De Franciscis Pasquale , La Verde Marco
Published: February 2025

Introduction/objective

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) influences adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. Nutritional therapy and exercise are the first steps to maintain normal glucose levels. During pregnancy, metabolic status influences placental development.

Methods

This systematic review focused only on the morphology of the placenta and its microscopic changes in GMD under dietary therapy. A systematic search was performed on the main databases from inception to September 2024 (PROSPERO ID: CRD42024581621). Only original articles on GDM in diet and exercise treatment that reported at least one outcome of interest (microscopic features and macroscopic morphology of the placenta) were included.

Results

A total of 716 studies were identified, and nine met the inclusion criteria. The analysis confirmed that despite dietary control, some morphological changes in the placenta, including villus immaturity, chorangiosis, and fibrinoid necrosis, occurred at a different rate. In addition, the included studies reported an increase in placental weight in the diet-controlled GDM group.

Conclusion

Therefore, the results of the present qualitative analysis show that pregnant women with diet-controlled GDM, despite adequate glycemic control, abnormal placental development may persist. Our findings remark on the importance of the correct diet-managed GDM pregnancy monitoring due to the placental morphology abnormalities related to GMD.
Narrative navigation in legal persuasion: a rhetorical analysis of lawyers’ affidavits and skeleton arguments for appellate relief in criminal cases in Malawi
Authors: Kondowe Wellman , Kamanga Dorothy nyaKaunda
Published: February 2025

Narrative navigation and lawyers’ use of linguistic persuasion in affidavits and skeleton arguments for appellant relief in criminal cases remains one of the under-researched areas in the field of language and law. This is a phase at which lawyers have the opportunity to influence the judicial decision-making process through their ability to persuade the appellate judge to believe their version of the case to be the true version. The argument chosen by the lawyer and the manner of telling it are inseparable. By utilising data from ten appellate level criminal cases from the High Court of Malawi, this study investigates the narrative structure of lawyers’ affidavits and skeleton arguments using Aristotle’s rhetorical analysis framework. Our findings reveal that the appeal to logos is simply a templatic genre structure that lawyers are meant to follow. However, lawyers’ appeals to ethos and pathos reveal excessive redundancy and low deployment of important linguistic resources that can help them be appropriately persuasive, which can be acceptable to the wider discourse community.
Hybrid Approach: The MOORA Method For Reverse Logistics Provider Selection
Authors: Mishra Mahesh Kumar
Published: February 2025

Abstract: Due to governmental laws and increased environmental consciousness among people aimed at reducing waste, the rise in the return
of old goods has gained relevance as a logistics problem. Industry-specific infrastructure, monitoring information systems, and return-handling
equipment are often required. Since they specialize in reverse logistics, third-party providers (3PRLPs) are currently in high demand across a wide
range of businesses.
Methodology: The Moora Method is a novel and methodical approach to decision-making that aids people or organizations in assessing a group
of possibilities in light of several factors. Therefore, in this study, the third-party providers (3PRLPs) who specialize in reverse logistics were ranked
utilizing Moora methodologies.
Research Significance: This study offers a novel method for identifying the best 3PRLP (third-party reverse logistics provider), using a multicriteria group decision-making (MCGDM) model within the Moora framework. The study digs into the relationships between the factors considered
during this selection process, which finally results in the selection of the best 3PRLP out of a possible pool of six options. The Moora technique is
used in this research to prioritize orders based on how closely they resemble the ideal solution. The practical utility of the model is demonstrated
through a case study focused on the battery manufacturing industry in India.
Result: The 3PRLP3 got the first rank and the 3PRLP2 got the last rank. 3PRLP1 is second rank, 3PRLP5 is third rank, 3PRLP6 is fourth rank
and 3PRLP4 is fifth rank.
Alternative parameters: 3PRLP1, 3PRLP2, 3PRLP3, 3PRLP4, 3PRLP5 and 3PRLP6.
Evaluation parameters: Quality, Delivery, Reverse logistics Cost, Rejection rate, Technical Capability, Inability to meet future requirement and
Willingness and Attitude.
Keywords: Reverse logistics provider, Moora Method, Technical Capability and 3PRLPs.
Heroin regulates the voltage-gated sodium channel auxiliary subunit, SCN1b, to modulate nucleus accumbens medium spiny neuron intrinsic excitability and cue-induced heroin seeking.
Authors: Anderson Ethan M. , Tsvetkov Evgeny , Wood Daniel , Akiki Rose Marie , Al Hasanieh Karim , McCue Lauren M. , Taniguchi Makoto , Lavin Antonieta , Cowan Christopher W.
Published: February 2025

Self-administration of addictive substances like heroin can couple the rewarding/euphoric effects of the drug with drug-associated cues, and opioid cue reactivity contributes to relapse vulnerability in abstinent individuals recovering from an opioid use disorder (OUD). Opioids are reported to alter the intrinsic excitability of medium spiny neurons (MSNs) in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key brain reward region linked to drug seeking, but how opioids alter NAc MSN neuronal excitability and the impact of altered MSN excitability on relapse-like opioid seeking remain unclear. Here we discovered that self-administered, but not experimenter-administered, heroin reduced NAc protein levels of the voltage-gated sodium channel auxiliary subunit, SCN1b in male and female rats. Viral-mediated reduction of NAc SCN1b increased the intrinsic excitability of MSNs, but without altering glutamatergic and GABAergic synaptic transmission. While reducing NAc SCN1b levels had no effect on acquisition of heroin self-administration or extinction learning, we observed a significant increase in cue-reinstated heroin seeking, suggesting that NAc SCN1b normally limits cue-reinstated heroin seeking. We also observed that NAc SCN1b protein levels returned to baseline following heroin self-administration, home-cage abstinence, and extinction training, suggesting that the noted reduction of NAc SCN1b during acquisition of heroin self-administration likely enhances MSN excitability and the strength of heroin-cue associations formed during active heroin use. As such, enhancing NAc SCN1b function might mitigate opioid cue reactivity and a return to active drug use in individuals suffering from OUD.

Significance StatementOpioid use disorder (OUD) is a chronic, relapsing disease characterized by excessive craving. Here we found that repeated heroin self-administration reduced the expression of the sodium channel subunit, SCN1b, in the nucleus accumbens, a brain area important for reward signaling and addiction. We show here that reducing SCN1b increased excitability of NAc neurons and increased relapse-like drug seeking in a rodent model of opioid craving. The discovery of this novel mechanism of opioid action in the brain could help lead to future treatments for patients that suffer from OUD.
A common stay-on-goal mechanism in anterior cingulate cortex for information and effort choices
Authors: González Valeria V. , Malvaez Melissa , Yeghikian Alex , Wissing Sydney , Sharpe Melissa , Wassum Kate M. , Izquierdo Alicia
Published: February 2025

Humans and non-humans alike often make choices to gain information, even when the information cannot be used to change the outcome. Prior research has shown the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is important for evaluating options involving reward-predictive information. Here we studied the role of ACC in information choices using optical inhibition to evaluate the contribution of this region during specific epochs of decision making. Rats could choose between an uninformative option followed by a cue that predicted reward 50% of the time vs. a fully informative option that signaled outcomes with certainty, but was rewarded only 20% of the time. Reward seeking during the informative S+ cue decreased following ACC inhibition, indicating a causal contribution of this region in supporting reward expectation to a cue signaling reward with certainty. Separately in a positive control experiment and in support of a known role for this region in sustaining high-effort behavior for preferred rewards, we observed reduced lever presses and lower breakpoints in effort choices following ACC inhibition. The lack of changes in reward latencies in both types of decisions indicate the motivational value of rewards remained intact, revealing instead a common role for ACC in maintaining persistence toward certain and valuable rewards.

Significance StatementWe often make choices to gain information, even when the information cannot be used to change the outcome. Here we investigated the precise timing of the role of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in decisions that involve seeking certain versus uncertain rewards. By optically inhibiting ACC neurons, we demonstrate that this region is crucial for maintaining persistence toward rewards signaled with certainty, without altering the motivational value of the reward itself. In a positive control experiment, we also confirm that ACC is important in effort-based choice. The findings reveal a common role for ACC in maintaining persistence toward certain and valuable rewards, necessary for making optimal decisions. These results have implications for understanding psychiatric disorders involving maladaptive reward-seeking behavior.
The Dual Role of A2aR in Neuroinflammation: Modulating Microglial Polarization in White Matter Lesions
Authors: Cheng Chang , Cheng Wenchao , Wang Yuhan , Chen Xiuying , Zhang Lan , Li Yi , Shen Fa , Yuan Dezhi , Hong Pian , Huang Wen
Published: February 2025

Neuroinflammation has been widely recognized as the primary pathophysiological mechanism underlying ischemic white matter lesions (IWML) in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion (CCH), with microglia serving as the principal effector cells. A2aR, an important adenosine receptor, exhibits a dual role in neuroinflammation by modulating both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, particularly through its regulation of microglial polarization. This study aimed to investigate the specific functions and mechanisms of A2aR in neuroinflammation. The findings revealed that A2aR initially exerted a pro-inflammatory role in the CCH model, transitioning to an anti-inflammatory role in later stages by regulating the phenotypic transformation of microglia. Further analyses using CoIP-MS, in situ proximity ligation assay, Alphafold protein structure prediction, [35S]GTPγS Binding Assay and Nano-Bit technology demonstrated that A2aR formed heteromers with mGluR5 during the early stage of CCH under high glutamate conditions, promoting the polarization of microglia towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype. In contrast, during later stages characterized by low glutamate levels, A2aR predominantly existed as a monomer, facilitating microglial polarization towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype. Our findings indicate that elevated glutamate levels drive the formation of A2aR-mGluR5 heteromers, contributing to neuroinflammation by promoting pro-inflammatory microglial polarization in CCH white matter. Conversely, under low glutamate conditions, A2aR primarily functions in its monomeric form, favoring an anti-inflammatory microglial phenotype and exerting a protective effect. This study elucidates the mechanism by which A2aR mediates microglial phenotypic transformation and participates in neuroinflammation under CCH. It also identifies A2aR as a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IWML.

Significance StatementNeuroinflammation of white matter is widely recognized as the primary pathophysiological mechanism associated with vascular dementia (VaD) in middle-aged and elderly individuals.A2aR, a crucial adenosine receptor, exhibits a dual role in neuroinflammation by modulating both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses, particularly in relation to microglia polarization. The objective of this study is to investigate the specific functions and mechanisms of A2aR in neuroinflammation. The results indicate that elevated glutamate levels facilitate the formation of A2aR-mGluR5 heteromers, thereby promoting the polarization of microglia towards a pro-inflammatory phenotype, which contributes to neuroinflammation in CCH white matter. Conversely, under conditions of low glutamate, A2aR predominantly exists in monomeric form, which favors the polarization of microglia towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, thereby exerting a protective effect.
The Serotonergic Dorsal Raphe Promotes Emergence from Propofol Anesthesia in Zebrafish
Authors: Yang Xiaoxuan , Zhu Shan , Xia Miaoyun , Sun Le , Li Sha , Xiang Peishan , Li Funing , Deng Qiusui , Chen Lijun , Zhang Wei , Wang Ying , Li Qiang , Lyu Zhuochen , Du Xufei , Du Jiulin , Yang Qianzi , Luo Yan
Published: February 2025

The mechanisms through which general anesthetics induce loss of consciousness remain unclear. Previous studies have suggested that dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic (DRN5-HT) neurons are involved in inhalational anesthesia, but the underlying neuronal and synaptic mechanisms are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the role of DRN5-HTneurons in propofol-induced anesthesia in larval zebrafish (sex undetermined at this developmental stage) using a combination of in vivo single-cell calcium imaging, two-photon laser ablation, optogenetic activation, in vivo glutamate imaging and in vivo whole-cell recording. We found that calcium activity of DRN5-HTneurons reversibly decreased during propofol perfusion. Ablation of DRN5-HTneurons prolonged emergence from 30 μM propofol anesthesia, while induction times were not affected under concentrations of 1 μM, 3 μM, and 30 μM. Additionally, optogenetic activation of DRN5-HTneurons strongly promoted emergence from propofol anesthesia. Propofol application to DRN5-HTneurons suppressed both spontaneous and current injection-evoked spike firing, abolished spontaneous excitatory postsynaptic currents, and decreased membrane input resistance. Presynaptic glutamate release events in DRN5-HTneurons were also abolished by propofol. Furthermore, the hyperpolarization of DRN5-HTneurons caused by propofol was abolished by picrotoxin, a GABAAreceptor antagonist, which shortened emergence time from propofol anesthesia when locally applied to the DRN. Our results reveal that DRN5-HTneurons in zebrafish are involved in the emergence from propofol anesthesia by inhibiting presynaptic excitatory glutamate inputs and inducing GABAAreceptor-mediated hyperpolarization.

Significance StatementThe neural mechanisms of general anesthesia remain unclear. We studied the role of the dorsal raphe nucleus serotonergic (DRN5-HT) neurons in propofol anesthesia using larval zebrafish, employing in vivo calcium imaging at single-neuron resolution, two-photon ablation, optogenetic activation, and in vivo whole-cell recording. We found that the DRN5-HTneurons are involved in emergence from anesthesia, but not induction. Propofol suppresses DRN5-HTactivity by inhibiting the activity of DRN5-HTneurons via GABAAreceptors and blocking presynaptic excitatory glutamate inputs. These findings further support larval zebrafish as an ideal model for investigating the mechanisms of general anesthesia.
An Anatomic Checklist for Accurate Staging of Grossly Invasive Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Urken Mark , Brandwein-Weber Margaret , Chai Raymond L. , Zafereo Mark , Shindo Maisie , Scharpf Joseph , Fan Jun , Silberzweig Alex , Joseph Justin K , Ghossein Ronald , Shaha Ashok , Baloch Zubair W. , Tuttle Michael
Published: February 2025

Objective

The final surgical pathology report follows the patient throughout their cancer journey. For locoregionally advanced cancers, lack of surgeon-pathologist communication can lead to understaging, adversely impacting management. Our study aims to improve the accuracy of staging grossly invasive thyroid cancer by introducing an anatomic checklist, enhancing surgeon-pathologist communication.

Methods

We studied 35 consecutive patients with either gross extrathyroidal or extranodal extension, 29 of whom underwent primary resections requiring AJCC staging. Surgeon A initially only dictated an operative report. Surgeon B transmitted an anatomic checklist to the pathologist in addition to the standard operative note. Final pathology reports were reviewed for AJCC staging accuracy. Surgeon A transitioned to submission of an anatomic checklist for his final 6 cases.

Results

13 of the 14 final pathology reports without a checklist, were understaged. All 15 cases with a surgeon completed anatomic checklist were accurately staged. There was a statistically significant improvement in the accuracy of staging reported in the final pathology reports when an anatomic checklist was submitted as compared to when it was not (p<0.01, Fisher exact test, two-tailed). All of the final pathology reports for recurrent cases without a checklist failed to define anatomic parts that were resected. The time to complete the checklist was less than 90 seconds.

Conclusion

A surgeon completed anatomic checklist allows pathologists to more accurately stage grossly invasive thyroid cancers. This rapidly completed form eliminates the need for a pathologist to analyze the operative note and facilitates both risk of recurrence and AJCC determination.
Od prywatności do publiczności. O potrzebie edukacji medialnej w erze cyfrowej na przykładzie zjawiska sharentingu
Authors:   Uniwersytet w Białymstoku, Polska, Łukasiak Katarzyna
Published: February 2025

In today’s hybrid reality, in which the online world intersects with the offline world, media education, which includes the ability to use technology in an informed and responsible manner, seems essential. Social media are a source of entertainment, a tool for communication and obtaining information, but they can also create a field for many abuses and threats to our privacy. One social media activity that can have negative consequences, and which exemplifies the growing need to improve media literacy among online users, is sharenting. The phenomenon of sharenting is related to the excessive sharing of photos, videos and information about a child online. Since sharenting is still a relatively new phenomenon, the purpose of the article is to provide an overview of the issue and identify areas for further research. The article will discuss the most important issues related to this phenomenon, such as the motivations behind the excessive publication of information about a child online and the potential consequences of such action.
Clinical aspects and short-term prognosis in a cohort of patients with infective endocarditis, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Barros Becker Juliana , Ambrósio Moisés Valdir , Aparecida Barbosa Dulce
Published: February 2025

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) admitted to a tertiary hospital in Brazil, in-hospital mortality and predictors of readmission and mortality up to six months after hospital discharge. Method: Retrospective cohort study, with data collected from medical records of patients with diagnosis of infective endocarditis hospitalized during the study period. To comparative statistical analysis patients were divided into two groups, according to the outcome: survival and death. Results: 204 patients participated in the study. Healthcare-associated infective endocarditis accounted for 62.3% of cases, with Staphylococcus aureus as the predominant pathogen. Mortality was significantly associated with complications such heart failure and septic shock (p < 0.001). Diabetes mellitus (OR 7,76; p < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (OR 7,99; p=0,016) were independent risk factors for hospital readmission (OR 7,76; p < 0.001). Overall mortality was 50.9%. Conclusion: Short-term mortality was high. Healthcare-associated infections were predominant, and complications and comorbidities significantly affect mortality in IE patients. Identifying high-risk patients and optimizing management may improve outcomes.
Bark beetles and their associated fungi infesting native Widdringtonia species in the Western Cape province of South Africa
Authors: Basson Renier , Roets Francois , Wingfield Michael , Aylward Janneke
Published: February 2025

Widdringtonia is a genus of native southern African Cupressaceae trees comprising two species that occur in the mountains of the Western Cape province, South Africa. Widdringtonia cedarbergensis has a localised distribution and is critically endangered, while W. nodiflora is widespread and common. Little is known regarding the biotic associations of these trees. The aim of this study was, consequently, to identify bark beetles (Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and their associated fungi on Widdringtonia species in the Western Cape. Bark beetles were collected from infested W. cedarbergensis at three different locations in the Cederberg and from W. nodiflora at one site on the Franschhoek Pass. Beetle identification was based on morphology and sequence data of the COI gene region. Fungi were isolated from beetles, their frass and the walls of their tunnels and grouped according to morphology. Morphogroups were identified by sequencing the ITS region of representative isolates. Four phylogenetically closely related bark beetle species residing in the genus Lanurgus (Micracidini) were identified, three from W. cedarbergensis stem sections, twigs and cones, respectively, and one from W. nodiflora stems. Of these, only the W. cedarbergensis twig beetle is of a previously described species and is currently known as Diplotrichus widdringtoniae. Piskurozyma sp. (Tremellomycetes) and Yamadazyma sp. (Saccharomycetes) yeasts were most closely associated with D. widdringtoniae (Lanurgus sp. 1) and Lanurgus sp. 2 beetles, whereas Geosmithia spp. (Sordariomycetes) had a strong association with Lanurgus sp. 3 and Lanurgus sp. 4. This is the first comprehensive report of bark beetles and their associated fungi infesting Widdringtonia.
Colorimetric determination of urea v2
Authors: Langenfeld Noah , not provided Laurenpayne , Bugbee Bruce
Published: February 2025

This protocol measures the absorbance of urea in solution in complexation with diacetyl monoxime at 520 nm and is linearly proportional to concentration up to 5 mM urea.
Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from dogs in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Colombia, between two consecutive 4-year periods
Authors:   Universidad de Antioquia, García-Álvarez María Isabel , Villar David ,   Universidad de Antioquia, López-Osorio Sara ,   Universidad de Antioquia, Gómez-Beltrán David A ,   AGROSAVIA, Chaparro-Gutiérrez Jenny J ,   Universidad de Antioquia
Published: February 2025

Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the increase in multirresistant bacteria are among the most important threats to human and veterinary medicine according to the World Health Organization. Objective: To compare the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in dog isolates in 2 consecutive 4-year periods. Methods: The veterinary diagnostic laboratory database at the Universidad de Antioquia was searched for routine dog submissions for which culture and antibiograms were performed. Results: A significant decrease between 2016-2019 and 2020-2023 was noted in the susceptibility of dog isolates to the following antimicrobials: Escherichia coli to amoxicillin-clavulanate (66.7-53.1%; p<0.01) and ampicillin (67.7-58%; p<0.05); Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin (100-94.3%; p<0.01), ampicillin (61.8-45.7%; p<0.01), and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (83.9-75.6%; p<0.05); Staphylococcus pseudointermedius to gentamicin (63.9-52.5%; p<0.01), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (57-50%; p<0.05) and doxycycline (60.9-43.4%; p<0.01). Significantly increased susceptibilities were also noted as follows: Escherichia coli to enrofloxacin (69.2-78.7%; p<0.05) and doxycycline (68.7-76.2%; p=0.0745), Enterobacteriaceae to enrofloxacin (64.4-79.3%; p<0.01) and doxycycline (38.7-47.7%; p=0.06). For all types of bacteria there was an increased resistance pattern against amoxicillin-clavulanate. All Staphylococcus species showed low resistance to amikacin (<10%); moderate resistance (10-20%) to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, cefovecin, and enrofloxacin; high resistance (20-50%) to ampicillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, and clindamycin; and very high resistance (50-70%) to doxycycline. For other families of bacteria, the number of antimicrobials for which resistance was high (20-50%), or very high (50-70%) was Enterobacteriaceae (7/9), Enterococcus spp. (4/7), E. coli (10/12), and Streptococcus spp. (4/6). For urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.) amikacin and gentamicin were the only drugs that demonstrated low (<10%) in vitro resistance. Multidrug resistance slightly increased from 2016-2019 (18.7%; 247/1316) to 2020-August 2023 (19.7%; 150/761). This was attributed to a significant susceptibility reduction rather than susceptibility increases (28 versus 20). Conclusions: High rates of resistance indicate continued surveillance and use of antibiograms is needed to guide clinical decisions.
Sociological study socially-Working Relations in the system of the shadow Economy
Authors:   Chechen State University, Khasiev A.A.
Published: February 2025

In the article is examined the essence socially-working relations in
the system of shady economic activity and the factors, which specify
their development, the scales of shadow economy and the methods
of its measurement, and the foreign experience of the preventive
maintenance of shadow economy and possibility of its use in Russia
also is summarized.
The Mediating Effects of Disability Impact, Job Satisfaction, and Social Support in the Relationship Between Core Self-Evaluations and Life Satisfaction in Employed People With Disabilities
Authors: Kesselmayer Rachel Friefeld , Kriofske Mainella Alexandra M. , Smedema Susan M. , Villanueva Paola Cátala
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to evaluate a mediation model of the relationship of core self-evaluations (CSEs) and life satisfaction in employed individuals with disabilities. This was a quantitative descriptive design using Hayes’s (2012) PROCESS macro for SPSS and multiple regression analysis. Two-hundred fifty-nine employed individuals with disabilities were recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk and completed an online survey. Job satisfaction and social support were found to partially mediate the relationship between CSE and life satisfaction. The direct effect of CSE on life satisfaction remained significant after controlling for the effects of the mediators. Functional disability was not a significant mediator of the relationship between CSE and life satisfaction. CSE influenced life satisfaction in employed persons with disabilities, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction and social support. These findings implicate CSE as a principal variable to consider in the lives of people with disabilities. Rehabilitation counselors should consider the targeted development and integration of interventions with the purpose of elevating client CSE in their work.
Use of protein from yellow mealworms in fish feed
Authors:   Aquaculture Program – Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Spain, Gisbert Enrica , Ruiz Alberto ,   Aquaculture Program – Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology (IRTA), Spain and Aquaculture and Fisheries Group – Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Published: February 2025

Yellow mealworm (T. molitor) is a safe and sustainable alternative protein source for aquafeed, given advantages such as high protein content and better amino acid profile when compared to alternative plant-protein sources. This chapter provides an overview of the current use of T. molitor as alternative ingredient to fishmeal. It summarises recent reviews on the use of these invertebrates in aquafeeds and their impact on key performance indicators (KPIs) associated with growth performance and feed efficiency, product nutritional quality, as well as their immunomodulatory potential and effect on host gut microbiota.
(Re)invenções entre currículos, narrativas e diferenças na formação de professores(as)
Authors: Morais Joelson de Sousa
Published: February 2025

O texto origina-se de um ensaio teórico-reflexivo articulando-se com alguns relatos de experiências na docência no Ensino Superior e se tece a partir do entrelaçamento de três dimensões voltadas para a formação de professores (as): o currículo, as narrativas e as diferenças.  Os objetivos desse texto buscam refletir acerca das contribuições das narrativas e do currículo na produção da diferença relacionadas na formação de professores(as), bem como compreender como se tece currículos na formação docente na (re)invenções de outros mundos possíveis com as abordagens metodológicas das narrativas. É feito um entrelaçamento entre as abordagens narrativas, com a filosofia da diferença e as teorias curriculares, situando-as no contexto da formação de professores (as) com os contributos de: Josso (2010), Goodson (2019), Ricoeur (2010), Bragança (2021), Passeggi (2021), Pereira (2016), Deleuze & Guattari (2010; 2011), Oliveira (2012) entre outros. As lições e os resultados que ficam evidenciam que narrar as experiências do vivido e tecer reflexões sobre as abordagens narrativas (auto)biográficas é pensar por outras múltiplas lógicas contra hegemônicas que vão possibilitando (re)invenções de si, do outro, do mundo e dos contextos em volta do sujeito.
State Child Abuse and Mandated Reporting Policies for Prenatal Substance Use and Congenital Syphilis Case Rates: United States, 2018–2022
Authors: Austin Anna E. , O’Callaghan Kevin , Rushmore Julie , Cramer Ryan , McDonald Robert , Learner Emily R.
Published: February 2025

Objectives. To estimate the association of state policies that define prenatal substance use as child abuse and mandate that health care professionals report prenatal substance use to child protective services with congenital syphilis case rates.

Methods. We used 2018 to 2022 US data on congenital syphilis case notifications to the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. We conducted linear regression with a generalized estimating equation approach to compare congenital syphilis case rates in states with a child abuse policy only, a mandated reporting policy only, and both polices to rates in states with neither policy.

Results. After adjustment for confounders, the rate of congenital syphilis cases was, on average, 23.5 (95% confidence interval = 2.2, 44.8) cases per 100 000 live births higher in states with both a child abuse policy and a mandated reporting policy for prenatal substance use than in states with neither policy. Rates were similar in states with a child abuse policy only and a mandated reporting policy only compared to states with neither policy.

Conclusions. The combination of state child abuse policies and mandated reporting policies for prenatal substance use potentially contributes to higher congenital syphilis case rates. ( Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print February 13, 2025:e1–e9. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307951 )