bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case-Based Subgoaling in Real-Time Heuristic Search for Video Game Pathfinding
Authors: Bulitko V. , Björnsson Y. , Lawrence R.
Published: July 2018

Real-time heuristic search algorithms satisfy a constant bound on the amount of planning per action, independent of problem size. As a result, they scale up well as problems become larger. This property would make them well suited for video games where Artificial Intelligence controlled agents must react quickly to user commands and to other agents' actions. On the downside, real-time search algorithms employ learning methods that frequently lead to poor solution quality and cause the agent to appear irrational by re-visiting the same problem states repeatedly. The situation changed recently with a new algorithm, D LRTA*, which attempted to eliminate learning by automatically selecting subgoals. D LRTA* is well poised for video games, except it has a complex and memory-demanding pre-computation phase during which it builds a database of subgoals. In this paper, we propose a simpler and more memory-efficient way of pre-computing subgoals thereby eliminating the main obstacle to applying state-of-the-art real-time search methods in video games. The new algorithm solves a number of randomly chosen problems off-line, compresses the solutions into a series of subgoals and stores them in a database. When presented with a novel problem on-line, it queries the database for the most similar previously solved case and uses its subgoals to solve the problem. In the domain of pathfinding on four large video game maps, the new algorithm delivers solutions eight times better while using 57 times less memory and requiring 14% less pre-computation time.
Kalman Temporal Differences
Authors: Geist M. , Pietquin O.
Published: July 2018

Because reinforcement learning suffers from a lack of scalability, online value (and Q-) function approximation has received increasing interest this last decade. This contribution introduces a novel approximation scheme, namely the Kalman Temporal Differences (KTD) framework, that exhibits the following features: sample-efficiency, non-linear approximation, non-stationarity handling and uncertainty management. A first KTD-based algorithm is provided for deterministic Markov Decision Processes (MDP) which produces biased estimates in the case of stochastic transitions. Than the eXtended KTD framework (XKTD), solving stochastic MDP, is described. Convergence is analyzed for special cases for both deterministic and stochastic transitions. Related algorithms are experimented on classical benchmarks. They compare favorably to the state of the art while exhibiting the announced features.
Planning with Noisy Probabilistic Relational Rules
Authors: Lang T. , Toussaint M.
Published: July 2018

Noisy probabilistic relational rules are a promising world model representation for several reasons. They are compact and generalize over world instantiations. They are usually interpretable and they can be learned effectively from the action experiences in complex worlds. We investigate reasoning with such rules in grounded relational domains. Our algorithms exploit the compactness of rules for efficient and flexible decision-theoretic planning. As a first approach, we combine these rules with the Upper Confidence Bounds applied to Trees (UCT) algorithm based on look-ahead trees. Our second approach converts these rules into a structured dynamic Bayesian network representation and predicts the effects of action sequences using approximate inference and beliefs over world states. We evaluate the effectiveness of our approaches for planning in a simulated complex 3D robot manipulation scenario with an articulated manipulator and realistic physics and in domains of the probabilistic planning competition. Empirical results show that our methods can solve problems where existing methods fail.
A Probabilistic Approach for Maintaining Trust Based on Evidence
Authors: Wang Y. , Hang C. , Singh M. P.
Published: July 2018

Leading agent-based trust models address two important needs. First, they show how an agent may estimate the trustworthiness of another agent based on prior interactions. Second, they show how agents may share their knowledge in order to cooperatively assess the trustworthiness of others. However, in real-life settings, information relevant to trust is usually obtained piecemeal, not all at once. Unfortunately, the problem of maintaining trust has drawn little attention. Existing approaches handle trust updates in a heuristic, not a principled, manner.

This paper builds on a formal model that considers probability and certainty as two dimensions of trust. It proposes a mechanism using which an agent can update the amount of trust it places in other agents on an ongoing basis. This paper shows via simulation that the proposed approach (a) provides accurate estimates of the trustworthiness of agents that change behavior frequently; and (b) captures the dynamic behavior of the agents. This paper includes an evaluation based on a real dataset drawn from Amazon Marketplace, a leading e-commerce site.
Iterated Belief Change Due to Actions and Observations
Authors: Hunter A. , Delgrande J. P.
Published: July 2018

In action domains where agents may have erroneous beliefs, reasoning about the effects of actions involves reasoning about belief change. In this paper, we use a transition system approach to reason about the evolution of an agent's beliefs as actions are executed. Some actions cause an agent to perform belief revision while others cause an agent to perform belief update, but the interaction between revision and update can be non-elementary. We present a set of rationality properties describing the interaction between revision and update, and we introduce a new class of belief change operators for reasoning about alternating sequences of revisions and updates. Our belief change operators can be characterized in terms of a natural shifting operation on total pre-orderings over interpretations. We compare our approach with related work on iterated belief change due to action, and we conclude with some directions for future research.
Clause-Learning Algorithms with Many Restarts and Bounded-Width Resolution
Authors: Atserias A. , Fichte J. K. , Thurley M.
Published: July 2018

We offer a new understanding of some aspects of practical SAT-solvers that are based on DPLL with unit-clause propagation, clause-learning, and restarts. We do so by analyzing a concrete algorithm which we claim is faithful to what practical solvers do. In particular, before making any new decision or restart, the solver repeatedly applies the unit-resolution rule until saturation, and leaves no component to the mercy of non-determinism except for some internal randomness. We prove the perhaps surprising fact that, although the solver is not explicitly designed for it, with high probability it ends up behaving as width-k resolution after no more than O(n^{2k+2}) conflicts and restarts, where n is the number of variables. In other words, width-k resolution can be thought of as O(n^{2k+2}) restarts of the unit-resolution rule with learning.
On-line Planning and Scheduling: An Application to Controlling Modular Printers
Authors: Ruml W. , Do M. B. , Zhou R. , Fromherz M. P.J.
Published: July 2018

We present a case study of artificial intelligence techniques applied to the control of production printing equipment. Like many other real-world applications, this complex domain requires high-speed autonomous decision-making and robust continual operation. To our knowledge, this work represents the first successful industrial application of embedded domain-independent temporal planning. Our system handles execution failures and multi-objective preferences. At its heart is an on-line algorithm that combines techniques from state-space planning and partial-order scheduling. We suggest that this general architecture may prove useful in other applications as more intelligent systems operate in continual, on-line settings. Our system has been used to drive several commercial prototypes and has enabled a new product architecture for our industrial partner. When compared with state-of-the-art off-line planners, our system is hundreds of times faster and often finds better plans. Our experience demonstrates that domain-independent AI planning based on heuristic search can flexibly handle time, resources, replanning, and multiple objectives in a high-speed practical application without requiring hand-coded control knowledge.
Determining Possible and Necessary Winners Given Partial Orders
Authors: Xia L. , Conitzer V.
Published: July 2018

Usually a voting rule requires agents to give their preferences as linear orders. However, in some cases it is impractical for an agent to give a linear order over all the alternatives. It has been suggested to let agents submit partial orders instead. Then, given a voting rule, a profile of partial orders, and an alternative (candidate) c, two important questions arise: first, is it still possible for c to win, and second, is c guaranteed to win? These are the possible winner and necessary winner problems, respectively. Each of these two problems is further divided into two sub-problems: determining whether c is a unique winner (that is, c is the only winner), or determining whether c is a co-winner (that is, c is in the set of winners).

We consider the setting where the number of alternatives is unbounded and the votes are unweighted. We completely characterize the complexity of possible/necessary winner problems for the following common voting rules: a class of positional scoring rules (including Borda), Copeland, maximin, Bucklin, ranked pairs, voting trees, and plurality with runoff.
Computing Small Unsatisfiable Cores in Satisfiability Modulo Theories
Authors: Cimatti A. , Griggio A. , Sebastiani R.
Published: July 2018

The problem of finding small unsatisfiable cores for SAT formulas has recently received a lot of interest, mostly for its applications in formal verification. However, propositional logic is often not expressive enough for representing many interesting verification problems, which can be more naturally addressed in the framework of Satisfiability Modulo Theories, SMT. Surprisingly, the problem of finding unsatisfiable cores in SMT has received very little attention in the literature.

In this paper we present a novel approach to this problem, called the Lemma-Lifting approach. The main idea is to combine an SMT solver with an external propositional core extractor. The SMT solver produces the theory lemmas found during the search, dynamically lifting the suitable amount of theory information to the Boolean level. The core extractor is then called on the Boolean abstraction of the original SMT problem and of the theory lemmas. This results in an unsatisfiable core for the original SMT problem, once the remaining theory lemmas are removed.

The approach is conceptually interesting, and has several advantages in practice. In fact, it is extremely simple to implement and to update, and it can be interfaced with every propositional core extractor in a plug-and-play manner, so as to benefit for free of all unsat-core reduction techniques which have been or will be made available.

We have evaluated our algorithm with a very extensive empirical test on SMT-LIB benchmarks, which confirms the validity and potential of this approach.
Multiagent Learning in Large Anonymous Games
Authors: Kash I. A. , Friedman E. J. , Halpern J. Y.
Published: July 2018

In large systems, it is important for agents to learn to act effectively, but sophisticated multi-agent learning algorithms generally do not scale. An alternative approach is to find restricted classes of games where simple, efficient algorithms converge. It is shown that stage learning efficiently converges to Nash equilibria in large anonymous games if best-reply dynamics converge. Two features are identified that improve convergence. First, rather than making learning more difficult, more agents are actually beneficial in many settings. Second, providing agents with statistical information about the behavior of others can significantly reduce the number of observations needed.
From ``Identical'' to ``Similar'': Fusing Retrieved Lists Based on Inter-Document Similarities
Authors: Khudyak Kozorovitsky A. , Kurland O.
Published: July 2018

Methods for fusing document lists that were retrieved in response to a query often utilize the retrieval scores and/or ranks of documents in the lists. We present a novel fusion approach that is based on using, in addition, information induced from inter-document similarities. Specifically, our methods let similar documents from different lists provide relevance-status support to each other. We use a graph-based method to model relevance-status propagation between documents. The propagation is governed by inter-document-similarities and by retrieval scores of documents in the lists. Empirical evaluation demonstrates the effectiveness of our methods in fusing TREC runs. The performance of our most effective methods transcends that of effective fusion methods that utilize only retrieval scores or ranks.
Stackelberg vs. Nash in Security Games: An Extended Investigation of Interchangeability, Equivalence, and Uniqueness
Authors: Korzhyk D. , Yin Z. , Kiekintveld C. , Conitzer V. , Tambe M.
Published: July 2018

There has been significant recent interest in game-theoretic approaches to security, with much of the recent research focused on utilizing the leader-follower Stackelberg game model. Among the major applications are the ARMOR program deployed at LAX Airport and the IRIS program in use by the US Federal Air Marshals (FAMS). The foundational assumption for using Stackelberg games is that security forces (leaders), acting first, commit to a randomized strategy; while their adversaries (followers) choose their best response after surveillance of this randomized strategy. Yet, in many situations, a leader may face uncertainty about the followers surveillance capability. Previous work fails to address how a leader should compute her strategy given such uncertainty.

We provide five contributions in the context of a general class of security games. First, we show that the Nash equilibria in security games are interchangeable, thus alleviating the equilibrium selection problem. Second, under a natural restriction on security games, any Stackelberg strategy is also a Nash equilibrium strategy; and furthermore, the solution is unique in a class of security games of which ARMOR is a key exemplar. Third, when faced with a follower that can attack multiple targets, many of these properties no longer hold. Fourth, we show experimentally that in most (but not all) games where the restriction does not hold, the Stackelberg strategy is still a Nash equilibrium strategy, but this is no longer true when the attacker can attack multiple targets. Finally, as a possible direction for future research, we propose an extensive-form game model that makes the defenders uncertainty about the attackers ability to observe explicit.
Impact of Patient Age on Molecular Alterations of Left-Sided Colorectal Tumors
Authors: Puccini Alberto , Lenz Heinz-Josef , Marshall John L. , Arguello David , Raghavan Derek , Korn W. Michael , Weinberg Benjamin A. , Poorman Kelsey , Heeke Arielle L. , Philip Philip A. , Shields Anthony F. , Goldberg Richard M. , Salem Mohamed E.
Published: July 2018

Background

The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in younger patients is rising, mostly due to tumors in the descending colon and rectum. Therefore, we aimed to explore the molecular differences of left-sided CRC between younger (≤45 years) and older patients (≥65).

Subjects, Materials, and Methods

In total, 1,126 CRC tumor samples from the splenic flexure to (and including) the rectum were examined by next-generation sequencing (NGS), immunohistochemistry, and in situ hybridization. Microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutational burden (TMB) were assessed by NGS.

Results

Younger patients (n = 350), when compared with older patients (n = 776), showed higher mutation rates in genes associated with cancer-predisposing syndromes (e.g., Lynch syndrome), such as MSH6 (4.8% vs. 1.2%, p = .005), MSH2 (2.7% vs. 0.0%, p = .004), POLE (1.6% vs. 0.0%, p = .008), NF1 (5.9% vs. 0.5%, p < .001), SMAD4 (14.3% vs. 8.3%, p = .024), and BRCA2 (3.7% vs. 0.5%, p = .002). Genes involved in histone modification were also significantly more mutated: KDM5C (1.9% vs. 0%, p = .036), KMT2A (1.1% vs. 0%, p = .033), KMT2C (1.6% vs. 0%, p = .031), KMT2D (3.8% vs. 0.7%, p = .005), and SETD2 (3.2% vs. 0.9%, p = .039). Finally, TMB-high (9.7% vs. 2.8%, p < .001) and MSI-high (MSI-H; 8.1% vs. 1.9%, p = .009) were more frequent in younger patients.

Conclusion

Our findings highlight the importance of genetic counseling and screening in younger CRC patients. MSI-H and TMB-high tumors could benefit from immune-checkpoint inhibitors, now approved for the treatment of MSI-H/deficient mismatch repair metastatic CRC patients. Finally, histone modifiers could serve as a new promising therapeutic target. With confirmatory studies, these results may influence our approach to younger adults with CRC.
FDA Supplemental Approval: Blinatumomab for Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Precursor B-Cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Pulte E. Dianne , Vallejo Jonathon , Przepiorka Donna , Nie Lei , Farrell Ann T. , Goldberg Kirsten B. , McKee Amy E. , Pazdur Richard
Published: July 2018

On July 11, 2017, the Food and Drug Administration granted approval for blinatumomab for the treatment of relapsed or refractory (R/R) precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blinatumomab is a bispecific CD19-directed CD3 T-cell engager. The basis for the approval included results from two clinical trials, TOWER and ALCANTARA. TOWER, a randomized trial comparing overall survival in patients with Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative R/R ALL receiving blinatumomab versus standard-of-care (SOC) chemotherapy, demonstrated a hazard ratio of 0.71 favoring blinatumomab (p = .012; median survival, 7.7 months with blinatumomab and 4.0 months with SOC chemotherapy). Complete remission (CR) rates were 34% for patients receiving blinatumomab and 16% for those receiving SOC. Adverse events were consistent with those observed in prior trials, with cytokine release syndrome and some neurologic events, including tremor, encephalopathy, peripheral neuropathy, and depression, observed more frequently in the blinatumomab arm, whereas neutropenia and infection were less common among patients receiving blinatumomab. Depression emerged as a rare but potentially severe neurologic event associated with blinatumomab. In ALCANTARA, a single-arm trial of blinatumomab in patients with Ph-positive R/R ALL, the CR rate was 31%, and adverse events were similar to those observed previously in Ph-negative R/R ALL. These results support conversion from accelerated to regular approval of blinatumomab for R/R ALL and broadening of the intended population to include both Ph-positive and Ph-negative precursor B-cell R/R ALL.

Implications for Practice

In TOWER, a randomized trial in patients with relapsed or refractory Philadelphia chromosome (Ph)-negative precursor B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), treatment with blinatumomab showed superiority over conventional chemotherapy for complete remission (CR) rate (34% vs. 16%) and survival (3.7-month improvement in median; hazard ratio, 0.71). In ALCANTARA, a single-arm trial of blinatumomab for treatment of relapsed or refractory Ph-positive precursor B-cell ALL, the CR rate was 31%. Blinatumomab is now approved for treatment of relapsed or refractory precursor B-cell ALL that is Ph positive or Ph negative.
Effect of sleeves and skirts on mitigating spudcan punch-through in sand overlying normally consolidated clay
Authors: Li Y. P. , Liu Y. , Lee F. H. , Goh S. H. , Zhang X. Y. , Wu J.-F.
Published: July 2018

Punch-through failure of mobile jack-up rigs is still a main concern for spudcan foundations. Using centrifuge model tests and numerical modelling, this paper examines the mitigating effect of top-mounted sleeves and a downward skirt on spudcan punch-through in medium dense sand overlying clay. The findings show that the top-mounted sleeves and downward skirt are both useful separately for reducing punch-through distance. The top-mounted sleeve functions by interfering with soil backfilling above the spudcan and maintaining confinement to the sides. This results in an earlier recovery in penetration resistance and reduces the peak-to-trough drop in resistance. The downward skirt appears to mobilise the soil further ahead of the spudcan, which reduces the peak penetration resistance and increases the rate of post-trough recovery in penetration resistance. A combination of a top-mounted sleeve with a downward skirt appears to confer a smaller peak-to-trough drop in resistance and higher rate of post-peak recovery, and thereby a much smaller punch-through distance. The results would suggest that, compared with the downward skirt, the top-mounted square sleeve with a similar area ratio to the existing lattice leg is supposed to be a more effective option in mitigating spudcan punch-through failure.
A peridynamic investigation on crushing of sand particles
Authors: Zhu F. , Zhao J.
Published: July 2018

Particle crushing underpins important macroscopic behaviour of granular materials such as yielding, deformation, dilatancy, failure, mobility and packing features. The crushing condition and crushing pattern have commonly been examined for particles subjected to uniaxial loadings. In the real engineering context, a sand grain is typically in contact with several surrounding particles and is hence subjected to multi-directional loadings, a critical condition that has not been well accounted for in most crushing criteria and studies of crushing patterns relevant to discrete-based sand modelling. In this study, the crushing of single sand particles under different loading conditions is examined based on peridynamic simulations. The peridynamic method is found capable of realistically capturing the crushing of a sand particle under uniaxial loadings in terms of crushing load and the crushing pattern observed in experiments, and is able to simulate multi-contact particle crushing where experimental data are relatively scarce. By examining existing crushing criteria, it is found that the numerical results on the crushing load under multiple contacts compare favourably with the maximum contact force criterion, which states that particle crushing occurs when the maximum contact force reaches a threshold. It is observed that the number of child particles after the crushing of a sand particle bears no apparent correlation with the coordination number. The volumes of child particles can be statistically described by a normal or gamma distribution. The findings from the study offer insights into the behaviour of sand particle crushing, which can be useful for future discrete modelling of granular sand where crushing is important.
Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR v1
Authors: Wang Juan
Published: July 2018

Background: Aberrant DNA methylation occurs frequently in cancer. The aim of this study was to identify novel methylation markers in lung cancer in Xuanwei, China, through integrated genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression studies. Methods: Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected on 10 paired lung cancer tissues and noncancerous lung tissues by methylated DNA immunoprecipitation combined with microarray (MeDIP-chip) and gene expression microarray analyses, respectively. Integrated analysis of DMRs and DEGs was performed to screen out candidate methylation-related genes. Both methylation and expression changes of the candidate genes were further validated and analyzed. Results: Compared with normal lung tissues, lung cancer tissues expressed a total of 6,899 DMRs, including 5,788 hypermethylated regions and 1,111 hypomethylated regions. Integrated analysis of DMRs and DEGs identified 45 tumor-specific candidate genes: 38 genes whose DMRs were hypermethylated and expression was downregulated, and 7 genes whose DMRs were hypomethylated and expression was upregulated. The methylation and expression validation results identified 4 candidate genes (STXBP6, BCL6B, FZD10, and HSPB6) that were significantly hypermethylated and downregulated in most of the tumor tissues compared with the noncancerous lung tissues. Conclusions: This integrated analysis of genome-wide DNA methylation and gene expression in lung cancer in Xuanwei revealed several genes regulated by promoter methylation that have not been described in lung cancer before. These results provide new insight into the carcinogenesis of lung cancer in Xuanwei and represent promising new diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
Novas formas de aprender e ensinar: a integração das tecnologias de informação e comunicação (TIC) na formação de professores da educação básica
Authors: Chiossi Renata Reis , Costa Christine Sertã
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: A formação docente relacionada ao uso das tecnologias digitais é uma importante questão para a Educação Básica na contemporaneidade. As novas competências docentes são fundamentais para práticas de ensino e aprendizagens exitosas, principalmente as que envolvem o uso das tecnologias, tais como Internet, dispositivos móveis, redes sociais online, entre outros recursos. A capacitação docente precisa explorar o desenvolvimento de competências e habilidades técnicas e pedagógicas, norteadas pela reconstrução do conhecimento como forma de relacionar a informação à prática formativa, utilizando a tecnologia não como um fim em si mesma, mas capaz de revolucionar a prática pedagógica. Dessa forma, o presente estudo tem como objetivo abordar a utilização das tecnologias digitais e oferecer material didático com propostas de trabalho com as TIC, a ser disponibilizado por meio de um curso de formação para docentes da Secretaria de Estado de Educação do Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ), via plataforma Moodle, com o objetivo de capacitar e oferecer estratégias para incentivar os educadores a inserirem as tecnologias de informação e comunicação em suas práticas docentes de forma contextualizada e planejada pedagogicamente.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: tecnologias de informação e comunicação; aprendizagem colaborativa; ensino.

 

ABSTRACT: The teacher’s training related to the use of digital technologies is an important issue for Basic Education in contemporary times. The new teaching skills are essential to the successful teaching and learning practices, especially in those that involve the use of technologies such as the Internet, mobile devices, online social networks, among other resources. The teacher’s training needs to explore the development of technical and pedagogical skills, guided by the reconstruction of knowledge as a way of relating information to a formative practice, using technology not as an “end” in itself but as a way of changing the pedagogical practice. Thus, this study intends to discuss the use of digital technologies and offer a pedagogical material with proposals to work with ICT through a training course for teachers of the State Secretary for Education of Rio de Janeiro (SEEDUC-RJ), through the Moodle platform, in order to offer strategies to encourage Educators to insert the information and communication technologies into their teaching practices, in a contextualized and pedagogically planned way.

KEYWORDS: information and communication technologies; collaborative learning; teaching.
Interculturalidade, representação e identidade em contextos de aprendizagem de língua estrangeira via teletandem
Authors: Alves Adriana Celia
Published: July 2018

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as representações que emergiram das interações de teletandementre os aprendizes de línguas estrangeiras quanto aos aspectos histórico-políticos de seus países. Discutem-se as negociações dessas representações no processo interacional em diálogo com o outro interagente. Os dados analisados foram extraídos das interações em português, realizadas entre estudantes de graduação norte-americanos, aprendizes de português e estudantes de graduação brasileiros, aprendizes de língua inglesa. Apoia-se nas discussões de Bronckart (2012) sobre representação, de sujeito na pós-modernidade,de Hall (2002), e no conceito de cultura conforme proposto por Welsch (1999), sendo ela transcultural, um processo híbrido e heterogêneo fundado em relações dinâmicas entre culturas. Por meio de uma análise interpretativa qualitativa, foi observado que o contexto de aprendizagem de teletandem constituiu importante locus para o contato intercultural. Assim, verificou-se que as representações foram enunciadas a partir de posições político-ideológicas e contextuais. Desse modo, é importante uma discussão reflexiva dessas representações, para que elas não se tornem um conhecimento fossilizado. Entende-se, também, que as identidades dos participantes se constroem em processos dinâmicos e são caracterizadas pela fluidez e heterogeneidade.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ensino-aprendizagem de língua estrangeira; teletandem; interculturalidade; representações.

 

ABSTRACT: The main objective of this work is aimed to analyze the representations that emerged from the teletandem interactions among foreign language learners, regarding the historical-political aspects of their countries, discussing the negotiations of these representations in the interactional process in dialogue with the other interacting agent. The data analyzed were extracted from the interactions in Portuguese, carried out among North American undergraduates, Portuguese learners and Brazilian undergraduate students, English learners. It is based on Bronckart's (2012) discussion of representation, subject in the postmodernity of Hall (2002) and in the concept of culture as proposed by Welsch (1999), cross-cultural, hybrid and heterogeneous process based on dynamic relations among cultures. Through a qualitative interpretative analysis, it was observed that the teletandem learning context constituted an important locus for intercultural contact. Therefore, it was verified that the representations were enunciated from political-ideological and contextual positions, thus, a reflexive discussion of these representations is important, in order that not to become a fossilized knowledge. Finally, the identities of the participants are also built in dynamic processes and are characterized by fluidity and heterogeneity.

KEYWORDS: teaching and learning a foreign language; teletandem; interculturalism; representations.
Imagens científicas na semiótica e fotografias de Star Wars
Authors: Guirado Natália Cipolaro
Published: July 2018

RESUMO:Neste trabalho faremos uma apresentação e revisão bibliográfica do percurso histórico da semiótica francesa, que possibilita abordagem da imagem científica. Ilustraremos com uma breve análise de imagens científicas apresentadas em dois filmes da franquia Star Wars: a primeira, fotografia de Star Wars Episódio I: A Ameaça Fantasma (1999), e a segunda, de Star Wars Episódio III: A Vingança dos Sith (2005), ambos dirigidos por George Lucas. Para isso, utilizaremos ferramentas do arcabouço teórico proposto pelos semioticistas Jean-François Bordron (2013), Jacques Fontanille (2007) e Maria Giulia Dondero (2010a). Procuramos analisar o universo visual dos filmes deStar Wars, já que as narrativas ocorrem em uma galáxiafictícia e diversas viagens pelo espaço sideral são constantemente apresentadas. Assim, abordaremos a vulgarização a ser feita de determinadas imagens científicas para o público-alvo, a fim de que possam ser compreendidas.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: cinema; fotografia; semiótica; Star Wars.

 

ABSTRACT:In this work we will present a bibliographical review and presentation of the historical of the French semiotics that allows to approach the scientific image. We will illustrate with a brief analysis of scientific images presented in two Star Wars franchise films: the first photograph of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace (1999) and the second of StarWars Episode III: Revenge of the Sith (2005), both directed by George Lucas. To that end, we will use tools from the theoretical framework proposed by the Semioticists Jean-François Bordron (2009), Jacques Fontanille (2007) and Maria Giulia Dondero (2010a). We will try to analyze the visual universe of the Star Wars films, since the narratives occur in a fictitious galaxy and several sideways space travels are constantly presented, thus, we will approach the vulgarization to be made of certain scientific images for the target audience so that they can be understood.

KEYWORDS: cinema; photography; semiotics; Star Wars.
Ethos de violência, uma reflexão discursiva sobre comunidades virtuais que agridem professores
Authors: Silva Morgana Soares da
Published: July 2018

RESUMO:Este artigo investiga a questão de pesquisa Como se caracteriza o ethos de violência e quais as diferenças entre os sites de redes sociais Orkut, Facebook e Twitter, no que tange à construção desse fenômeno discursivo? Objetiva-se, portanto, analisar os diferentes níveis de ethos de violência encontrados nesses sites de redes sociais, comparando-os e categorizando seus tipos. Para tanto, desenvolve-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo documental e empírico-interpretativa, com emprego do método indutivo na análise de um corpus composto por 30 páginas iniciais de sites de redes sociais. As análises dos dados fundamentam-se teoricamente na Análise do Discurso de linha francesa, com base essencialmente nas pesquisas de Maingueneau (2016, 2013, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1995), e constata três categorias dos ethos de violência, a saber: a) Ethos vinculado a representações de agressão física; b) Ethos vinculado a representações de ofensa moral; c) Ethos vinculado a representações de intolerância.

PALAVRAS-CHAVE: ethos de violência; ethos discursivo; redes sociais; comunidades virtuais; ciberviolência contra professores.

 

ABSTRACT:This article investigates the research question How is the ethos of violence characterized and what are the differences among the social networking websites Orkut, Facebook and Twitter, regarding the construction of this discursive phenomenon? The objective is to analyze the different levels of ethos of violence found in these social networking websites, comparing them and categorizing their types. For that, a qualitative, documentary and empirical-interpretative research is developed, using the inductive method in the analysis of a corpus composed of 30 initial pages of virtual social networks. The analysis of the data is theoretically based on the analysis of the French Speech Discourse, based essentially on Maingueneau's research (2016, 2013, 2010, 2008, 2007, 2006, 2005, 2002, 1998, 1995). Ethos of violence, namely: a) Ethos linked to representations of physical aggression; B) Ethos linked to representations of moral offense; C) Ethos linked to representations of intolerance.

KEYWORDS: ethos of violence; discursive ethos; social networks; virtual communities; cyberviolence against teachers.
Atresia biliar perinatal (colangiopatía obliterante inflamatoria progresiva) no corregible tipo III
Authors: Corcuera Delgado Celso Tomás , Ridaura Sanz Cecilia , Zárate Mondragón Flora Elba
Published: July 2018

Niño con antecedente de ictericia desde el nacimiento, que al alta hospitalaria le indicaron baños de sol sin mostrar mejoría; los padres negaron acolia y refirieron coluria ocasional. Las pruebas de sangre reportaron elevada concentración de bilirrubinas. Con estos datos lo transfirieron al Instituto Nacional de Pediatría, a la edad de 1 mes y 23 días (primer ingreso). Durante el examen físico se comprobó la ictericia de piel, mucosas y conjuntivas; el hígado se percibía blando, con percusión total de 7 cm. Las pruebas de función hepática resultaron con: bilirrubina total 21.04 mg/dL, bilirrubina directa 13.49 mg/ dL, bilirrubina indirecta 7.55 mg/dL (proteínas totales 5.63 mg/dL, albúmina 3.06 mg/dL, globulinas 2.57 mg/dL, AST 271 U/L, ALT 195 U/L, GGT 208 U/L, fosfatasa alcalina 546 U/L, DHL 295 U/L, proteína C reactiva 0.3 mg/dL).
Métodos de evaluación de desnutrición intrahospitalaria en niños
Authors: García Rivera Rigoberto , Montijo Barrios Ericka , Cervantes Bustamante Roberto , Zárate Mondragón Flora , Cadena León José Francisco , Toro Monjaraz Erick Manuel , Cázares Méndez Monserrat , López Ugalde Martha , Ramírez Mayans Jaime Alfonso , Roldán Montijo Mariana
Published: July 2018

OBJETIVO: Describir las distintas herramientas de cribado para el diagnóstico de desnutrición intrahospitalaria y comparar sus diferencias. MATERIAL Y MÉTODO: Estudio comparativo y retrospectivo de búsqueda bibliográfica en las bases de datos Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Red Informática de Medicina Avanzada (RIMA), Plataforma HIGHWIRE, Literatura Latinoamericana y del Caribe en Ciencias de la Salud (LILACS) y Medline. Las palabras clave de búsqueda fueron: herramientas de cribado nutricional, desnutrición intrahospitalaria y diagnóstico de malnutrición intrahospitalaria. RESULTADOS: Se encontraron seis herramientas de cribado pero ninguna estandarizada para la edad que valoran, miden diferentes parámetros y evalúan de distintas formas el riesgo de desnutrición intrahospitalaria. Ninguna puede considerarse patrón de referencia ni tampoco son comparables entre sí. La sensibilidad y especificidad que publica cada una de las herramientas no sustentan que alguna pruebe mejor o peor pronóstico en niños hospitalizados.CONCLUSIONES: Si bien todas las herramientas estudiadas pretenden orientar la conducta médica para lograr intervenciones dietéticas oportunas, todas son subjetivas y sumamente específicas para el lugar en el que se aplican. Desde luego que se requiere la estandarización que atienda las necesidades propias del lugar en donde van a aplicarse. El Instituto Nacional de Pediatría requiere una herramienta específica para las condiciones en que se labora en este hospital; por tanto, y con base en la variabilidad de las herramientas comparadas, se propone diseñar una herramienta de fácil aplicación que permita evaluar oportuna y rápidamente el riesgo nutricional de nuestros pacientes.PALABRAS CLAVE: Malnutrición; niños hospitalizados.
Application of an artificial immune system for visual pattern recognition
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Mikherskii R.
Published: July 2018

The suitability of artificial immune systems for recognizing visual patterns is discussed. A new algorithm and software implementation of an artificial immune system have been proposed based on which real-time pattern recognition can be done using a Web camera. It has been shown experimentally that this system can be successfully used to recognize both human faces and any other objects. An issue of using an artificial immune system in high-performance parallel computing systems is discussed. The advantages of the developed artificial immune system include the ability to teach the system a new image in a fast manner at any moment during run-time. These advantages open up a possibility of creating artificial intelligence systems for real-time learning.
On the relation between the propagation constant of Bloch surface waves and the thickness of the upper layer of a photonic crystal
Authors:   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS, Bezus E. ,   Samara National Research University, Bykov D. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University, Doskolovich L. ,   Image Processing Systems Institute оf RAS – Branch of the FSRC “Crystallography and Photonics” RAS,   Samara National Research University
Published: July 2018

We consider the derivation of a dispersion relation of Bloch surface waves supported by interfaces between a semi-infinite one-dimensional photonic crystal and a homogeneous medium. From the derived dispersion relation, we obtain an explicit analytical expression that defines the relationship between the propagation constant and the thickness of the upper layer of the photonic crystal.
Numerical focusing and the field of view in interference microscopy
Authors:   Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Grebenyuk A. ,   Saratov State University,   Christian Doppler Laboratory OPTRAMED, Center for Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Medical University of Vienna, Klychkova D. ,   Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Saratov State University, Ryabukho V. ,   Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Saratov State University
Published: July 2018

This paper presents an analysis of the effects occurring at the borders of the field of view in numerically focused imaging of optically defocused objects in interference microscopy systems with spatially coherent illumination of an object. Equations describing the borders of regions of different types in numerically focused images with respect to the defocus parameters are obtained. Equations for estimating the acceptable limits of defocus in numerically focused imaging are obtained. Experimental investigation of the effects, occurring at the borders of the field of view in numerically focused imaging of optically defocused objects in a digital holographic microscope with illumination in transmission is performed.
Calculation of the higher-order axial spherical aberrations of a high-aperture focusing holographic optical element with the corrected third-order spherical aberration. Part 1
Authors:   Optics and Optical Technologies Institute, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology, Batomunkuev Yu. , Dianova A. ,   Optics and Optical Technologies Institute, Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technology
Published: July 2018

Results of calculating the radius of higher-order spherical aberrations (fifth, seventh and ninth orders) of a high-aperture focusing holographic optical element (HOE) with corrected third-order spherical aberration in the operating spectral range are discussed. As examples, high-aperture axial HOEs with relative apertures close to 1:1 in specified spectral ranges are considered. Coordinates of the point sources of a divergent reference wave and a convergent object wave of the HOE are given. It is shown that when imaging a point source emitting in the 0.250-0.281-μm and 0.500-0.563-μm spectral ranges, the use of an HOE in the first and second diffraction orders makes it is possible to correct the third-order spherical aberration on two wavelengths and the fifth- and seventh-order spherical aberrations on one wavelength. Note that these visible-spectrum wavelengths are different from the HOE's recording wavelength of 0.532 μm.
A resonance system of an optoelectronic oscillator based on a transmission-type planar optical disk microcavity
Authors:   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, Zadorin A. , Lukina A. ,   Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics,   Micran Research & Production Company
Published: July 2018

It is noted that the best technical characteristics of optoelectronic microwave self-oscillators (OESO) are reached in schemes employing high-Q optical microresonators (OMR) working in the traveling wave modes (TWM). A possibility of using disk OMRs excited by fundamental whispering gallery modes (WGM) has been considered. Multielement coupling devices (CD) for such resonators have been investigated. They are constructed on the basis of planar optical waveguides (POWG) located over the disk resonator surface in a region bounded by the outer and inner caustics of the WGM. Models of this device have been proposed. The corresponding calculations have been provided.
Matching of images based on their diffeomorphic mapping
Authors:   Siberian State Automobile Engineering University, Lejhter S. , Chukanov S. ,   Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS, Omsk branch
Published: July 2018

We discuss a problem of comparison of two diffeomorphic images, namely, the source and target images of a diffeomorphism, which are given by two sets of points. The problem is solved on the basis of a method of constructing a minimized functional characterizing the evolution of the diffeomorphic source-to-target image transformation and a penalty for the image path deviation from the required trajectory. An algorithm for solving the diffeomorphic transformation equation is developed on the basis of the gradient descent method. The considered problem of comparison of two images can be used for constructing an optimal metamorphism of images, when there is no exact correspondence between the source and target images of the diffeomorphism.
Recursion as a common groung of mental, communicative, and linguistic processes
Authors: Filip Anna , Białek Arkadiusz , Białecka-Pikul Marta
Published: July 2018

For nearly twenty years there has been an ongoing debate in international journals concerning the recursiveness of human mental processes. The main instigator of the debate and at the same time the main exponent of the term “recursion” is Noam Chomsky. According to him, recursion is an exclusive property of the syntax of the so-called “internal language of mind” (I-language). This conclusion has been contested by researchers claiming that recursion can also be observed in: communication, theory of mind, the syntax of complementation, or pragmatics. The article presents some arguments in favor of understanding recursion as a common ground of all the above phenomena as long as they are analyzed from a developmental perspective, with the dynamics and sequentiality of the constantly occurring processes and changes taken into account.
The results of the preliminary validation of the Polish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale
Authors: Lachowska Bogusława , Ludwikowska Karolina
Published: July 2018

This paper presents the Polish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale (MSTAT-II) developed by D. L. McLain: a short 13-item measure of an individual’s orientation, ranging from aversion to attraction, toward stimuli that are complex, unfamiliar, and insoluble. The aim of the study was to determine the validity and reliability of the scale. The participants in the study were 303 first-year students, aged 17 to 24: 234 women and 69 men. The authors chose this kind of sample because the significance of ambiguity tolerance should be particularly high in the case of the individual’s adaptation to the demands of a new and complex situation, such as the beginning of studies. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the hypothesized one-factor structure of the model of ambiguity tolerance. The study also revealed a moderate positive relationship between MSTAT-II/PL scores and scores on the Tolerance for Ambiguity Scale (TAS) by Herman and colleagues, measuring ambiguity tolerance; MSTAT-II/PL scores were positively related to extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, positive affect, and satisfaction with life, as well as negatively related to neuroticism and negative affect. The results obtained support the use of the Polish version of the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale as a reliable (Cronbach’s α = .85) and valid measure of ambiguity tolerance.
Improvement of Calculation Methods for Heat Transfer Factor in Iron Ore Pellet Bed
Authors: Dmitrieva E G , Shvydkii V S , Zhuravlev S Ya , Plesakin I V
Published: July 2018

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Research of Magnetizing Roasting of Iron Ore Before Beneficiation and Dephosphorizing
Authors: Zajnullin L , Karelin V , Epishin A , Belghait T , Kurt E
Published: July 2018

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Developing Effective Roll Cooling Systems Based on Computational Simulation
Authors: Lipunov Y , Shikhov S , Kiselev E , Lipunov K , Kuznetsova V
Published: July 2018

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Plate Heat-exchangers in Modern Waste Heat Recovery Systems of Hot Blast Stoves and Other Metallurgical Equipment
Authors: Aksyushin M , Kalugin M , Ryabov E , Yaroshenko Y
Published: July 2018

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Investigation of Structure, Chemical and Phase Composition of Silicon Spring Steel Scale
Authors: Temlyantsev M V , Konoz K S , Kuznetsova O V , Deev V B , Zhivago E Ya
Published: July 2018

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