bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization kinetics of diopside glass ceramics
Authors: Si Wei , Li Shan
Published: November 2020

The glass ceramics were prepared by a reaction crystallization and sintering method using waste glass powder and a crystallizing promoter with a main crystal phase of the enstatite. X-ray diffraction(XRD), Scanning electron microscope(SEM), Differential scanning calorimetry(DSC), etc. were used to characterize its phase composition, morphology, and thermal decomposition process. The results show that the main crystal phase of the prepared glass ceramics was diopside and the secondary crystal phase was albite. The precipitated crystals were rod-shaped with a maximum length of about 7 μm and a diameter of about 0.6 μm. Diopside glass ceramics were measured with different heating rates, and it was found that the peak temperature increased with the heating rate. The Kissinger method was used to calculate the crystallization kinetics of diopside glass ceramics, and the crystallization activation energy was 872.4 kJ⋅mol−1.
Nonlinear dynamics of the marine rotor-bearing system during the pitching motion
Authors: Zhang Wenzhuo , Li Ming , Liu Gang
Published: November 2020

In order to study the motion law of the rotor-bearing system under ship pitching motion, the dynamic model of the marine rotor-bearing system is established. The dynamic characteristics of the system with different speeds are analysed by numerical method, such as Poincaré map, the frequency spectrum, and the largest Lyapunov exponents. The results show that with the increase of the rotational speed, there are abundant dynamic phenomena, such as single period, quasi-period and quasi-period of the upper and lower branches. Moreover, due to influence of the pitching motion of ship, the rotor tilts in the bearings and its procession occurs obviously, which affects the stability of the operation of rotor-bearing system. The findings of this study will contribute a comprehension of the nonlinear dynamic behaviours of the rotor-bearing system subjected to ship pitching motion.
Study on nonlinear dynamics of the marine rotor-bearing system under yawing motion
Authors: Shi Yangxu , Li Ming , Li Ming
Published: November 2020

After considering the yawing motion, the dynamic model of the marine rotor-bearing system is developed on the short bearing theory. Theoretical analysis shows that the yawing motion causes gyroscopic moment and strong nonlinear time-varying transport inertia moment. The dynamic characteristics of the rotor-bearing system with and without yawing motion are compared. The result shows that the yawing motion significantly affects the dynamic characteristics of the rotor-bearing system, which makes the rotor system be dominated by the quasi-period. The yawing motion makes the rotor amplitude increase significantly at low speed. Finally, under the influence of yawing motion, the dynamic characteristic of the rotor shows chaos at high speed.
Mechanical equipment based on hall three-dimensional structure study on the application of security forces
Authors: Lijuan -Ji  , Lu-Gao  , Hao-Wu  , Peng-Yan
Published: November 2020

For informatization under the condition of complex mechanical equipment support difficult problems in our country, absorb method of hall three dimensions structure theory, this paper constructs the mechanical equipment support strength using the architecture, methods on the use of the security forces, security requirements, security tasks, security model, implementation steps and method innovation, scheme evaluation system comprehensive study.
Process Analysis and Experimental Research of 3D Printing with Variable Parameters
Authors: Lianghua Zeng
Published: November 2020

In view of the current situation that 3D printing uses fixed parameters, the reasons for the need to carry out 3D printing with variable-parameters are proposed based on theoretical analysis. The paper conducts a theoretical analysis of the adaptive layering algorithm and calculates the error expressions of different contours. The effects of variable printing speed and variable layer thickness on printing accuracy are analyzed based on experiment, which provides a basis for dynamic control and optimization of printing parameters. Finally, the necessity of printing with variable parameters is demonstrated.
Band Gap Engineering of Twisted Bilayer MoS2 Sheets
Authors: Zhang Yu , Xu Wenjing , Liu Guangjie , Zhu Jinlong
Published: November 2020

Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to predict the modulation of band gap by twisting bilayer MoS2 sheets with different rotation angles. The electronic band structure results show that the rotations can make bilayer MoS2 sheets change from semiconducting to metallic. The band gap decreases from 1.24eV to 0.06eV. These results would open up possibilities for its applications in nanoelectronic devices simply by tuning band gaps of MoS2 with rotation angles.
Dynamic response of RC beams subjected to short-range lateral blast load
Authors: Xi Kuantang , Huang Shuai , Zhang Yi , Li Xiangyang
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the finite element software ABAQUS is used to simulate the RC beams under the short distance lateral blast load, consider the constraint effect of the plate, and analyze the influence of proportional distance, strength of concrete, strength of reinforcement, ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and other influencing factors on the dynamic response of RC beam. The results show that the CONWEP loading blast is reliable. The proportional distance is less than 0.200, and the lateral blast load has a great influence on the maximum lateral displacement of reinforced concrete beam with plate constraint. The influence of the strength grade of concrete and steel on the dynamic response of RC beams with slab constraints is limited. There is a negative correlation between the ratio of longitudinal reinforcement and the lateral displacement of RC beams with slab constraints. When longitudinal reinforcement ratio is more than 2.11%, RC beams with slab constraint can well resist lateral explosion load, but the lifting amplitude is not obvious.
Numerical study on thermal runaway of lithium-ion batteries with liquid cooling
Authors: Yang Na , Tong Yixin , Zhao Lijun , Li Hongliang , Xie Hui
Published: November 2020

A number of fires broken out in electric vehicle in recent years have raised concerns about the thermal safety of batteries. Some cases of abuse, such as overcharge and overdischarge, nail penetration, and high temperature, can make the battery temperature exceed the control. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the occurrence and propagation mechanism of thermal runaway in batteries to improve the safety of batteries. In this paper, a micro-channel cooling system is established to study its cooling effect on the battery module. The electrochemical - thermal coupling model of the battery is established to analyze the heat production and temperature changes during the battery’ nail penetration process. Then a model of runaway propagation is established to analyze the heat transfer between batteries. The numerical simulation method is used to study the effect of the cooling system. The results show that the designed cooling scheme can prevent thermal runaway propagation between batteries.
Application of Lost-foam casting Technology in Grate of Hot blast stove and Solution of Defects
Authors: Chen Yanjie
Published: November 2020

Lost-foam casting Technology has been applied in Manufacturing the grate of hot blast stove. According to the requirements of structure and tolerance dimension, the lost-foam unit of grate is prepared with expandable polystyrene resin beads. RTCr2 is used as the material of grate, which is poured at 1360-1380°C by Top post system. And the negative pressure range is 0.04-0.05MPa. The results show that the surface of the casting is relatively complete, and the internal structure of the casting is dense. Through inspection, the quality performance, structure dimension and manufacturing precision of casting products can meet the requirements well. But there are also some disadvantages, such as inner hole sticking sand, surface sand hole, shrinkage cavity, air hole, sand inclusion, slag inclusion, mechanical processing edge breaking. Then some corresponding effective repair methods are used to solve the defects, which guarantee the quality of the products. Some lost-foam casting data and control measures have been accumulated, which are beneficial to continuously improve the lost-foam casting process and master the key casting technologies such as lost-foam casting and hot metal casting.
Research on the Effect of Stiffness Ratio Between Frame and Core Tube on Seismic Response of Super High-rise Building Under Frequent Earthquake
Authors: Yanhua Gao , Zhili Sui , Fenghong Zhang , Shuaijun Chen
Published: November 2020

The stiffness ratio of frame to core tube has an important influence on the seismic behavior of frame-core tube hybrid structure which is a high-rise building structure system widely used in the world. In this paper, nine models of concrete-filled steel tubular frame-concrete core tube super-high-rise hybrid structures with different stiffness ratios are established by using finite element method, and the effect of stiffness ratio on inter-story displacement angle, top displacement and base shear force of super high-rise buildings under frequent earthquakes is studied. The results show that, with the increase of stiffness ratio, the inter-story displacement angle, the top displacement and the base shear force change complicatedly, the maximum base shear force increase, and the maximum inter-story displacement angle and the maximum top displacement first increase then peak, and that the strengthening layer with outrigger obviously improves the deficiency of lateral stiffness caused by height. This study provides a reference for reasonable determination of stiffness ratio and optimization of structural seismic design.
Optimum Design of Central Console Structure for an All-Terrain Vehicle Based on Topography Optimization
Authors: Chen Yajuan , Gu Li , Li Xianglin
Published: November 2020

The mechanical properties of plastics are obtained through material tests. The strength characteristics of the plastic middle console structure of a terrain vehicle under the vibration loads on the pavement are simulated by using the finite element analysis theory. On this basis, the morphology optimization technology is used to improve the structure. Meanwhile, the model is redesigned and verified according to the optimization results, which solves the problem of insufficient strength of the original structure. It provides an effective reference for the design of plastic structural parts of similar vehicles.
Research on MES-oriented Reducer Process Planning System
Authors: Zhang Jun , Zhang Zhihao , Zhang Xiangru
Published: November 2020

In the railway locomotive reducer manufacturing industry, due to the characteristics of multi variety and small batch, the efficiency of process planning is low, the cycle is long, and the production link is seriously disconnected. To solve this problem, an integrated process planning system based on Manufacturing Execution System (MES) was proposed, this system used decision-making models of process based on typical process library to make process planning more efficient. At last, ASP.NET platform and C# programming language were used to complete the development of the system.
Research on Location of Charging Station of Electric Vehicle Based on Improved TLBO
Authors: Wang Xin , Wang Jianjian , Huang Shunping , Lv Xiaotian
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development and popularization of electric vehicles, people pay more and more attention to the construction and planning of charging stations for electric vehicles. In this paper, an improved Teaching-Learning-Based optimization algorithm is proposed in the problem of charging station for electric vehicles. From the user’s perspective, the objective of optimization is to minimize distance and driving cost. Simulation experiment is carried out for planning an area. The results show that ITLBO can solve this problem with the good stability and fast convergence speed.
Study on real-time detection method for electron beam selective melting process
Authors: Wang Jiaming , Yin Bohua , Liu Junbiao , Wang Pengfei , Sun Botong , Han Li
Published: November 2020

In order to solve the problem of lack of effective and real-time monitoring evaluation method for electron beam selective melting (EBSM) processing, a technique of acquiring real-time secondary electron (SE) imaging through layer-by-layer scanning is presented, which could monitor the defects of components. Basic design scheme, including the Electron beam scanning system, signal processing and imaging system, is introduced in this paper. Capability of generating digital image and choosing different monitoring area for the real-time monitoring system has been verified by series of experiments. Results suggest that the maximum resolution of the prototype has reached 0.3mm.
Study on trajectory optimization algorithm of industrial robot in joint space
Authors: Luyang SHEN , Yichao PENG
Published: November 2020

Aiming at the problem that the trajectory deviation of six-degree-of-freedom industrial robot is large, a robot model is established by Denavit-Hartenberg parameter method, and forward kinematics and inverse kinematics are analysed. Simulation is conducted on the Robotics Toolbox industrial robot model in MATLAB, and cubic polynomial interpolation and cubic polynomial interpolation are used to plan the terminal motion trajectory of the industrial robot in joint space. The results show that the error of the terminal motion trajectory is smaller in the fifth order polynomial interpolation.
A Structure-variable Bayesian Network Model for Vehicle Threat Assessment
Authors: Du Yue , Liu Qianru , Cen Ming
Published: November 2020

In driving assistant system and automated driving system, accurate and real-time threat assessment is necessary to improve the safety. Besides moving targets, the influence factors of safety also include environment and driver. To evaluate the threat level of host vehicle, a modified Bayesian network (BN) model is proposed in this paper. In addition to objects’ state and environment condition, the driver’s subjective factor is also considered to structure a more adequate model and assess a more accurate threat level, including physical factor and psychological factor. Because of the rate of change of various factors is different greatly, the structure-variable Bayesian network (VBN) model is proposed to increase the computational efficiency. Finally, simulation is designed to verify the availability of two kinds of network models, and it verifies that the VBN is better in computational efficiency than static BN.
Influence of motion characteristics of dual stealth aircraft on monopulse radar performance
Authors: Bao Lei , Wang Chun-yang , Tao-dong  , Bai Juan , Wei Sheng-Jun , Tan Ming , Liu Ming-jie
Published: November 2020

In view of the difficulties to effectively evaluate the influence of penetration of dual stealth aircraft formation on monopulse radar angle tracking error under different flight speeds, the dynamic track model of the dual stealth aircraft under different navigation speeds is established for the first time, and the acquisition method of the dynamic Radar cross section of the dual stealth aircraft formation under different navigation speeds is proposed; the dynamic signal-to-noise ratio of the dual stealth aircraft under different navigation speeds is used as a reference and the model of single pulse radar angle tracking error is established. This paper analyzes the influence of the formation motion characteristics of dual stealth aircraft on the angle tracking error performance of monopulse radar. It is the first time to conclude that the acceleration of the navigation speed of dual stealth aircraft will increase the angle tracking error of monopulse radar when there is no interference.
Damage recognition based on Generalized Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhang Huaxin
Published: November 2020

A new optimization approach to solving problems concerning structural damage identification with finite element model is introduced. In this approach, the generalized genetic algorithm is applied to damage recognition with its advantage of directed evolution and two-phase transformation. To employ the method, objective function is constructed by the residual of modal frequency and incomplete modal mode. Meanwhile the recombination and mutation operators are also improved with sparsity constrain. The results show that modified generalized genetic algorithm performs better in convergence speed and accuracy than traditional optimization approach in damage identification.
Research on Centrifugal Mechanism Based on Microfluidic Chip
Authors: Lulu Zhou , Yuan Ding , Haitao Ma
Published: November 2020

In order to improve the accuracy and safety of blood test, the research of centrifugal mechanism in automatic blood group analysis system is proposed. According to the theoretical research of centrifugal microfluidic, the structure of microfluidic chip is designed; According to the requirements of blood centrifugation, the appropriate motor is selected, and the three-dimensional model of the centrifugal mechanism is established by using Solid Works software, and the structure of the centrifuge is determined; The success rate and average time were calculated by centrifugation test of microfluidic chip on automatic blood group analysis system. The rationality and validity of the centrifugal structure were verified.
Simulation and Design of the ZW Type Liquefied Petroleum Gas Compressor Crankshaft
Authors: Fan Hengliang , Li Dasheng
Published: November 2020

The crankshaft is the key parts of piston compressor,the fatigue strength of the crankshaft of compressor for the accurate analysis can greatly enhance the operation reliability of the compressor. Taking ZW-0.8/10-16 air-cooled vertical two-cylinder single-acting liquefied petroleum gas compressor as an example, the Solidworks software has been utilized to carry out the three-dimensional model of the crankshaft firstly,and then the risk point of fatigue failure of the crankshaft may be found by the compressor crankshaft finite element analysis. The optimization model by ANSYS software has been established, and the optimized crankshaft strength are verified at last. The results show that the finite element method can be more accurately for crankshaft fatigue analysis, and thus it provides certain theoretical basis for the design and improvement of the crankshaft.
Numerical simulation of wind pressure distribution outside cooling tower and coefficient analysis of the regression curve
Authors: Sun Xiao-yong , Yuan Zi-hou , Yuan Yi-chen , Hu Xin-rong
Published: November 2020

In order to provide accurate wind load for the cooling tower design, numerical simulation of external wind pressure of a 155-meter high cooling tower is carried out in this paper. The results are in good agreement with the field data. It shows that the numerical simulation method is feasible. The numerical simulation data are also analyzed by regression, an expression consistent with the load specification form is obtained, and the mechanical significance of expression coefficient is also analyzed.
Kinetics of the reaction of SiO2 and MnO reduced by C in molten copper with carbon saturated
Authors: Huang Honghong , Chen Jianbin , Pan Wenbo , Zhao Minghui
Published: November 2020

In order to study the effect of matrix metal species on the kinetics of the reaction of Si02 and MnO reduced by C in molten copper with carbon saturated, the experiment, in which a preliminary slag with the composition of 38%CaO-38%SiO2-20%Al2O3-2%MnO-2%MgO that was placed in a graphite crucible and reacted with pure metallic copper at 1450°C under the atmosphere of pure CO, was carried out. The kinetics of both the reactions of Si02 and MnO in molten slag reduced by C in molten copper with carbon-saturated (2[C]sat.in Cu + (SiO2) = 2CO(g) + [Si]in Cu and [C]sat.in Cu + (MnO) = CO(g) + [Mn]in Cu) have been studied by studying the changes of the concentration of Si and Mn in molten copper with carbon-saturated, and the reaction order and reaction rate constant of the two reactions have been obtained. The results show that: (1) The reaction of SiO2 reduced by C is 0.5th order reaction while it is -0.5th order reaction for MnO; (2) The reaction rate constant of the reduction of SiO2 reduced by C in molten copper with carbon-saturated is 7.50×l0−6 mass%0.5·s−1, while that of MnO reduced by C in molten copper with carbon-saturated is 5.52x10−6 mass%1.5·s−1; (3) In this study, the reactions of SiO2 and MnO reduced by C in molten copper with carbon-saturated is a slow reaction and the time for the reaction equilibrium is more than 22 hours.
Analysis of oil pump vibration in long distance oil transportation system
Authors: Lin Wubin , Shi Baohu , Li Weiming , Li Zhihai , Yu Wei
Published: November 2020

The dynamic forces of mechanical and hydraulics may cause vibrations and noises of centrifugal pumps. To prevent the pumps from the vibrations and noises, we investigate the relationship between the oil properties/flowrate and vibration levels. The time-domain analysis and spectral characteristic analysis are used to analyze pump vibration data, it is found that the vibration level is more sensitive for the lightweight oil, the vibration becomes more severe when a specific adjacent pumps run together. Several modification suggestions are provided to the pumping station for preventing pump failure.
Renewable, Sustainable and Natural Materials on Food Packaging: Primary Data for Robotically Detect Packaging Shape in Logistics
Authors: Chaichana Thanapong
Published: November 2020

In the past decades, plastic packaging was a key material to preserve, protect, store, and transport food products. It was shown in food logistics from the manufacturers to consumers. The cost of making plastics is cheap. It was determined by the energy input that used to process them. Ingredients used to create plastics are very inexpensive. Furthermore, food packaging is a container. If it made from plastic material, it was also durable and last long over the shelf life of foods. Due to the sustainability concerns, using plastic packaging will cause the environment issues. Recovering the environment will help the earth to remain supporting life. This research aims to summarise the findings of smart packaging using different types of materials consisted of renewable, sustainable, and natural materials. A state-of-the-art food packaging geometry is explained. The data trends of intelligent food packaging were found to associate with sustainable development goals
Sediment material potential of Bone River as a prevention of silting and flood of Bone River estuary, Gorontalo
Authors: Napu S S S , Salama T H , Manyoe I N , Usman F C A , Samir I , Badaru A W W , Sugianti K
Published: November 2020

Bone River Estuary acts as a connecting lane between the three rivers (Bolango River, Bone River, and Tamalate River) with Tomini Bay. There is a port activity of goods located right on the river estuary, which is potentially disrupted due to the silting and can cause flood. This situation will undoubtedly disrupt port transportation routes and affect the economic condition of Gorontalo. The aim of this research is to identify the potential of sediment utilization at the downstream of the Bone River as an effort to prevent siltation at the estuary of river Bone, Gorontalo and to prevent flood. The method used in this research is field observation which includes observation of the morphological condition of research location and sampling. Samples will then be processed by means of sieving, separation, and classification of Sphericity sediment material by referring to zoning classification and Sneed and Folk classification. The result of histogram data showed that the sediment material was dominated by coarse sand size and grain size distribution dominated by coarse sand with size of phi is 0, on sediment data showed generally very leptokurtic with skewed skill or highly skewed.
Liquefaction Resistance of Sand Improved with Enzymatically Induced Calcite Precipitation based on Laboratory Investigation
Authors: Simatupang Minson
Published: November 2020

Liquefaction possibility assessment of soil in field is a prominent aspect on geotechnical engineering practice. Varieties of evaluations have been developed including penetration-based methods and shear wave velocity methods over the years since Seed & Idriss (1971) introduced the simplified method based on SPT data. With the focus on natural soil, those methods have been well evolved and have become the most frequent techniques used for evaluating liquefaction possibility of soil in situ. However, the capability of those empirical relations for evaluating liquefaction possibility of ground improved with EICP approach needs authentication. This research presents the capability of the available liquefaction evaluation charts for evaluating liquefaction possibility of ground improved with EICP approach. Investigations were conducted using cyclic triaxial apparatus integrated with bender element to evaluate liquefaction resistance, RL
, of EICP-improved sand as a liquefaction countermeasure. Parameters used were confining pressures, degrees of saturation during curing, calcite contents, and particles size of the sand. The test results were compared with the field performance charts of natural soils introduced by investigators. The results show that slight amount of the precipitated calcite can improve notably the maximum shear modulus of soils directly associating to Vs
improvement. The correlation between corrected resistance to liquefaction CRR (cyclic resistance ratio) and adjusted shear wave velocity Vs1
of EICP-improved sands, CRR-Vs1
correlation, tends to represent different tendency with that of unimproved sands. It appears that available liquefaction prediction curves are not capable for evaluating liquefaction possibility of EICP-improved ground.
Optimization of Steel Trapezoidal Box-Girders Using Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Mohammed Abbas H.
Published: November 2020

The goal of the structural design is to select sizes of member with an optimum proportion of the overall structural geometry in order to achieve the lowest initial cost design. Traditional steel box-girders, generally made of two plate flanges, two webs and a number of internal diaphragms, were used in many different fields, such as the structural, architectonical and bridge engineering industries. This study aims to establish a three-dimensional finite element model to minimize the total volume of a steel trapezoidal box-girders. The finite element ANSYS program package was used to determine the optimum total volume of the steel trapezoidal box- girder. ANSYS program has been coupled to MATLAB software. The genetic algorithm method of optimization is considered. In this analysis, the objective function is the total volume minimization. The design variables are the top flange width, bottom flange width, top flange thickness, bottom flange thickness, web height and web thickness. The constraints in this study include normal stress, shear stress and the displacement. The results of optimization for box-girder show a reduction in the total volume of a steel trapezoidal box-girder of about 38%.
Structure parameter effects of PCF on dispersion for singlemode regime based on V-parameter
Authors: Naife Riyadh Mwad , Kadhim Maha Khalid , Al-Zubaedi W. H.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, the dispersion of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five rings hexagonal geometry have investigated by varying different parameters. Many researchers had used small size of fiber ( small pitch distance) to ensure the single mode operation but decreasing the pitch distance leads to increasing the dispersion. It is important to get suitable pitch distance so that it is not large to avoid the multimode operation and not small to avoid high dispersion. In this work, this condition has obtained depended on V-parameter. We have estimated the V-parameter by using the step-index fiber approximation. The Pitch distance which has been obtained is 5 um with low dispersion and low V-parameter ≤ 2.405 (single mode operation). In addition, to get more low dispersion and V-parameter, a doping with two different value of Ge ( 4.1% and 7%) has been applied in core.
Structural behaviour of concrete beams reinforced with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles wastes bars
Authors: Falih Raad S. , Dawood Abbas O. , Al-Khazraji Hayder
Published: November 2020

This paper examines the effect of using PET bottle waste as a reinforcement bar in concrete beams. Waste of PET bottles has been cut by a special tool to long strips with width of 6 mm and thickness of 0.5 mm and lengths ranging between 6000 mm for small bottles and 11000 for large bottles. Then, straps areused in the formation of PET bars in three different forms, two braids are formed and twisted bundles form.Each PET bar consists of 36 straps. PET bars are arranged in the same location of rebar as an alternative to the steel bars in the tensile area. Also, it are pre-tightened before casting with a special tool is designedfor this purpose in order to give it a straight texture and reduce the expected elongation. Five concrete beams with dimensions (150*200*1400)mm are used in this study.Two of themare controlledbeams with and witout tension steel reinforcement.The other three beams are reinforced withthree different forms of PET bottle waste bars. The achieved results are encouraged and unprecedented as the models containing rods achieved a maximum failure load of up to 25% of the failure load for specimens containing reinforcing steel bars.This technique enhancesits ability to be used as reinforcing bars in secondary structural members.
Epistemology and Creativity in Architecture
Authors: El-Eqapy Ahmed Hashim , Al asadi Daood Salim Resen
Published: November 2020

General visions in the architectural field shared many concepts. There are numerous indicators for dealing with these concepts, in addition to communicating with deeper areas that formed a source for scientific addition to them. Epistemology is one of these concepts that represent a necessary and essential field and has a fundamental value of knowledge. Epistemology can represent an intellectual expansion to any other field. Therefore, the scope for this study was to investigate influence of that field through its basic concept (epistemology), with common implicit idea of architecture, in addition to clarifying the state of relationship between the two main terms of the research.

This research aims to define and study the general frameworks of basic research concepts of epistemology and creativity and their interconnections within architectural propositions to identify their fundamental indicators within a specific theoretical framework that is formed for this purpose after proposing the research problem. The research problem was represented by the weak clarity of cognitive perception correlation between the concepts of epistemology and creativity, and impact of this correlation in architecture, up to applying the terms and indicators of the theoretical framework to an elected and specific architectural product, and then to present, analyze, and discuss the results of that application, reaching to final conclusions. The outcomes have revealed the significant influence of the indicators of general conceptual frameworks for the epistemology relationship with creativity versus the more substantial impact of interactive and detailed structures for that relationship.
Measurement of the density and the composition of the upper atmosphere by the Electron-Ion trap sensor
Authors: Mohammed Al Kadhimi Ali Noori
Published: November 2020

This article explains the design of the electron-ion trap sensor for measuring the density and the composition of the upper atmosphere. The simulation of the electric field between the trap electrodes and the charged particles motion in it is carried out. The calculation of the maximum energy and speed of the particles below which the trap holds all charged particles, even in the case of the most unfavorable direction of their speed-along the gap between the electrodes. It is shown that this critical energy does not depend on the mass of the particle, and the probability of charged particles passage with an energy more than the critical energy through the trap is estimated [1].
Flashback and combustion stability in swirl burners: review paper
Authors: Hasan Karrar S. , Abd Al-wahid Wisam A. , Khwayyir H. H. S.
Published: November 2020

Flame flashback phenomena and combustion stability in a swirl burners represent the major of instability problems that lead to causing a considerable damage to combustion systems as well as the pollution troubles. Recently, researchers suggested many techniques in order to enhancing flame flashback resistance especially against a combustion induced vortex breakdown mechanism in addition to boundary layer flashback. Therefore, the present paper represent a general review about flashback and combustion stability in swirl burners to be as a scientific reference for researchers in this field.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Reed Fiber Cement Board
Authors: Jaafer Balsam Saad , Majeed Amer Hameed , Kadhim Mohammed J.
Published: November 2020

In this work fibers of dry reed was used a reinforcing material to produce cement boards after being chemically treated in order to enhance the bonding between mortar and fiber and prevent the dissociation of the composite material with time. (2%,4%,6%,8%) percentages of reed fiber was mixed for every Reed fiber size (300μ,150μ,75μ)

The curing period was 14 days, physical and mechanical tests were performed according to ASTM standard c-1185.

Different variation in results observed by changing fiber content and fiber size. The results showed an enhancement in density, thermal insulation, by increasing reed fiber content and decreasing in size, while its shows an increasing in moisture content and water absorption by increasing reed content because reed is one type of soft wood, the wood property is absorbing and keeping moisture. The best dry and wet flexural strength is in 8 wt% of 150μ reed fiber.
Investigate and Compare Software-Defined Network Controllers for UAV Networks Management
Authors: Al-Gboury Hussein Ali , Al-Talib Sahar Abdulaziz
Published: November 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicles that abbreviates (UAVs) are flying platforms, known as drones, which have features such as mobility, adaptive altitude and flexibility. UAVs admit numerous applications that can be used as aerial base stations to enhance coverage, capacity, and energy efficiency of wireless networks. On the other hand, UAVs can operate as flying mobile terminals within a cellular network. Such cellular-connected UAVs can enable several applications ranging from real-time video streaming to item delivery. A Software Defined Network (SDN) Controller is the application that acts as a strategic control point in a software-defined network. It is the ’brain’ of the network. Controller manages flow control to the routers/switches ‘under’ (via southbound APIs), the business logic and applications ’above’ (via northbound APIs) to deploy intelligent networks. Wireless networking with software defined (SDWN) is the use of SDN conceptions in wireless networks by using a controller in the control plane. SDWN facilitates the creation of new adaptive mechanisms according to various applications and user requirements, such as mobility, handover, security and quality of service (QoS). In this paper, simulation work has been conducted to compare and investigate four SDN controllers (Pox, Ryu, Floodlight and OpenDaylight) in order to see which one is suitable to be used. Mininet-Wifi has been selected as the simulation tool to do the experiments and Python script for programming. The results obtained reveals that Ryu controller is the best selection in terms of latency and packet loss.
Evaluation of the Groundwater Quality for Irrigation: Case Study of Hilla district, Babylon Province, Iraq
Authors: Chabuk A , Al-Maliki A , Al-Ansari N , Laue J
Published: November 2020

A crisis of water scarcity in the world encouraged researchers, especially in the arid areas to know the nature and quality of all its sources regardless of surface water. The groundwater evaluation for irrigation was suggested by using the model of Water Quality Index for Irrigation (WQIIR) in the ArcMap/GIS Software. This model was applied to 48 wells distributed throughout the Hilla district, Babylon, Iraq. The samples of EC, Ca+2, Mg+2, Cl−1, Na+1, HCO3−1, and SAR for groundwater were collected from these wells during wet and dry seasons in 2016. The generated maps in GIS for the WQIIR model in both seasons were divided into categories based on restriction’s groundwater use for irrigation. These categories consisted of Severe Restriction (SR), High Restriction (HR), Moderate Restriction (MR), Low Restriction, and No Restriction. The areas values and their classification of restriction’s groundwater use for irrigation related to the five categories that resulted within the generated maps in GIS using the WQIIR model in the wet season (in km2) were: 42.79 (SR), 407.05 (HR), 377.77 (MR), 32.39 (LR) and 0.23 (NR) respectively and for the dry season were as follows: 42.79 (SR), 407.05 (HR), 377.77 (MR), 32.39 (LR) and 0.23 (NR) respectively. The areas and the classification categories of restriction groundwater for irrigation calculated based on the values resulted from the WQIIR model have shown variation in the dry and wet seasons.
DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION NOVEL FILTER TO DE-NOISING THE ELECTROCARDIOGRAM SIGNALS
Authors: Ali Fotuh Abdulkareem , Wali Mousa , Abd Thanaa H.
Published: November 2020

One of the most important vital signs that contain a large amount of information about the human health status is the electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. Numerous researches have been done to improve the sensitized signal from the heart in order to reduce the possibility of errors in diagnosing symptoms, which are determined by drawing an ECG signal Electro. The purpose of this research is to present novel system that improves and reduces the noise accompanying the ECG signal by applying a set of filters individually and collectively. The results of presented filters show robust performance against different noise types.
Determination of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Air-Solid Fluidized Bed
Authors: Shrshab Mustafa A. , Abdulaziz Yasser I.
Published: November 2020

The heat transfer of gas-solid fluidized bed has been investigated using pre-heating system. A Perspex column of 7cm inner diameter and 1.5 m height is used as a fluidizing column filling with three different sizes of sand with a height of 21 cm as packing.

The experimental work is carried out under superficial air velocities ranged of (0.029-0.365) m/s. The effect of opening area air distributors, particle diameter of sand packing, and different heat fluxes as powers have been investigated. The results show that the minimum fluidizing velocity increases with increasing the particle diameter and opening area of distributor. The gas-particle heat transfer coefficient is found to be increased by increasing superficial velocity, heat flux and opening area of distributor and decreased by particle diameter.

A mathematical correlation of dimensionless groups based on experimental data has been suggested. A comparison between results of present correlation and the speculations of previous ones has been made.
Investigation of Natural Composite Materials Pipe Under Thermal Load
Authors: abdulla Fadhel Abbas , Bader Sura Thaar
Published: November 2020

Experimental and analytical solution using classical shell theory solve by Matlab software was used to found thermal stresses under thermal load for natural composite materials pipe. Two types of natural fibers (eggshell and ash of fire wood) were used as reinforcements with polyester-resin. The experimental work including the manufacturing of the test samples (eggshell/polyester and ash of fire wood/polyester) by resin casting method with 40% volume fraction. Tensile and thermo-mechanical test were performing to find the mechanical properties of the specimens The results showed that eggshell natural composite had the highest strain, stress, and good mechanical properties compared with ash of fire wood natural composite but regarding temperature withstand the ash of fire wood specimens had the highest compared with egg shell specimens.
Palm dates as a source for isolation of Aspergillus niger to produce citric acid by submerged fermentation; kinetics study
Authors: Salih Dunya A , Yasin Safaa R
Published: November 2020

The study discussed here deals with the isolation of Aspergillus niger from palm dates, the formal and the most famous fruit in Iraq, to test and qualify this fungus isolate for its ability to produce citric acid. Submerged fermentation technique was used in the fermentation process. A.niger isolated from “Zahdi” Palme dates was used in the study of the fermentation kinetics to get the production efficiency of citric acid. Kinetics of CA production via fermentation by A. niger S11 was evaluated within 432 h fermentation time and under submerged conditions of 11% (w/v) sucrose, 5% (v/v) inoculum size, pH 4, 30 °C and 150 rpm. The maximum citric acid produced was (37.116 g/l). Kinetic criterions (product, exhaustion and growth rates “Cp/t, Cs/t, Cx/t”, yield coefficients “Yp/s, Yp/x, Yx/s”, and specific fermentation rate constants “qp, qs”) were studied and discussed to reach to a logical explanation of fermentation process.
Antireflection Coating influences on the Quantum Efficiency and the Reflectivity of a GaAs / GaAS Solar Cell within the Visible Spectrum
Authors: Obaid Zain Alabdeen Hussein
Published: November 2020

A theoretical investigation of the change in reflectance of silicon carbide (SiC) as a function of the particle size was the main focus of the current research. In addition, a single layer of anti-reflection coating of a quarter the wavelength is designed and doped in gallium arsenide (GaAs/GaAs) solar cell. The efficiency of the cell is investigated in the range of (400-700 nm) using the Brus model and the theory of characteristic matrix in the case of vertical and 45° ray to the plane of the incidence. The max efficiency for the designed cell (Air/Nano SiC/(GaAs/GaAs) was (% 96.81) of the wavelength of 550 nm in the case of vertical incidence. While in the case of an incident ray of 45° to the plane of the incidence, the efficiency was (%92.99) for the perpendicular polarisation (S) and (%97.23) in the case of horizontal polarization (P). the thickness of the coating was (Ps=2.2 nm).
Experimental and numerical study on the effect of water cooling on PV panel conversion efficiency
Authors: Hassan Ridha , Aboaltabooq Mahdi hatf Kadhum , jaafar Zahraa abdulkareem
Published: November 2020

The solar energy is available in a tremendous amounts around the world and the photovoltaic panels might be the solution global power problem. Put the use of PV panels is limited due to the low power conversion ratio. Along with the low conversion rate of the PV panels, its efficiency even drops with the rise of surface working temperature by 0.5% for each degree centigrade. This study investigate experimentally and numerically the effect of front face water cooling on the power production and efficiency. By developing a CFD and experimental module (cooled and conventional panel) for cooling the front face of the PV panel with 8, 6 and 4 LPM of water sprayed by 4 mm nozzle diameter. The results shows an efficiency increase up to 16.2% at 45 °C ambient temperature compared to a conventional panel works at the same conditions.
A comparative Study for Grey Water Using Ozonation and Ultrasonic Irradiation Processes.
Authors: kamil Sabreen Aziz , Alabdly Hussein A. , Jaafar Mahdi Sh.
Published: November 2020

Grey water is considered a type of wastewater which bring damage to human health and environmental if disposed improperly. This lead to research an efficient treatment method to reduce the damage. The methodology used for grey water treatment was ozonation and ultra sonication. PH, ozone dose, temperature and time were the factors effecting the overall performance of the treatment process for the two forms of grey water(car wash water and Domestic water). both the COD & oil content were measured to determine the effectiveness of the process. for carwash sample, the COD and oil content were 95%,96.5% at 0.52 mg/l ozone dose, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. As for the domestic water, the COD and oil content were 96.5%,96% at 0.52 mg/l ozone dose, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. The removal was lower for ultrasoniation.for carwash sample, the COD and oil content were 94% and 74% at 45Co, at 55 min duration time and ph=9. As for the domestic water, the COD and oil content were 97% and 96 % at 55 min duration time and ph=9.

Finally, treatment of greywater with ozone has proven to be more efficient than ultrasound
Numerical Study of Condensation Heat Transfer and Droplet Dynamics on Different Wetting Surfaces of Gas Transportation Pipelines
Authors: Egab Karim , Mohammed Khalid Abdulhussain , Okab Abdullah K. , Oudah Saad
Published: November 2020

In this work, numerical investigation of condensation on a horizontal pipe which has various wettability properties analyzed. The influence of droplet size and contact angle on the performance of heat transfer is investigated. The condensation heat transfer obtained using MATLAB software to find the optimum function that enhances the performance. The wetting behavior is discussed under the atmospheric condition by considering the non-condensable gas. The effect of thermal boundary layers resulted from the droplet conduction, interfacial, coating, non-condensable gas, convection heat transfer was considered as well. The heat transfer rate is influenced by the droplet diameter for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. The heat transfer rate increased by 30% when the droplet diameter is 1.5 mm than the droplet diameter is 2.5mm. The contact angle has affected the performance of heat transfer on hydrophilic surfaces.
Simulation and Comparison of Modeling of Photovoltaic Modules During Different Values of Solar Irradiations Whilst Temperature of twenty five degree Celsius
Authors: Kareim Ameer A.
Published: November 2020

In this paper, a simulation by MATLAB code lines has been done for modeling of three types of mono-crystalline silicon photovoltaic modules by using single diode diode models. The three types of photovoltaic modules are DelSolar D6M195B2A, EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W and LDK 195 MC. The MATLAB simulation has been done by using the data provided by the commercial datasheets. In this paper, three types of photovoltaic modules have been modeled by MATLAB simulation at diverse values of solar irradiations (G) whilst temperature (T) equal to 25°C. A current-voltage (I-V) characteristics curves with regard to photovoltaic modules have been plotted by using MATLAB simulation at different values of G are 100, 400, 700 and 1000 W/m2, whilst T of twenty five degree Celsius. It has been noted from simulation results that during the changing of values of G for three photovoltaic modules leads to change the values of short circuit current (Ish) for each photovoltaic module. The simulation results of modeling of EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module have been presented that the changing of values of G leads to small changing of values of Ish. Whereas, the simulation results of modeling of DelSolar D6M195B2A and LDK 195 MC photovoltaic module have been presented that the changing of values of G leads to changing of values of Ish, and that changing is bigger than case of EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module. It has been concluded that EPOLLY ep125M/72-195W photovoltaic module is more suitable to be used during the regions that have frequently changing of values of G than using DelSolar D6M195B2A and LDK 195 MC photovoltaic module.