bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adverse effects due to changes in the composition of the intestinal microbiota as result of the administration of antibiotics during the perinatal period
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela , Grosu-Creanga Ionela-Alina ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania, Petrescu Diana-Cezarina ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Vicovan Andrei Gheorghe ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Onofrei Ioana Maria ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Rosca Ioana ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

Antibiotic administration commonly induces allergic reactions, dysmicrobism and microbial resistance, but long-term effects due to changes in gut microbiota composition are difficult to assess. This paper aims to identify in the literature adverse effects induced by changes in gut microbiota composition after perinatal administration of antibiotics. Antibiotic administration during pregnancy is a predisposing factor for the development of bronchial asthma, eczema, or allergic rhinitis in children, but does not support the hypothesis as being a risk factor for childhood obesity/overweight. The effect on the newborn’s microbiota of prophylactic administration of antibiotics during caesarean section is controversial. Postnatal treatments with antibiotics frequently causes intestinal dysmicrobism, the most severe form being necrotizing enterocolitis, especially among premature infants, but effects on the changes in body weight are controversial. Early administration of broad-spectrum antibiotics, particularly macrolides and cephalosporins, is strongly associated with the development of bronchial asthma at age 5 years. Recently, altered auditory processing and changes in recognition memory were described in newborn exposed to antibiotics in the absence of infection. More studies are needed to clarify the association between the type of antibiotic, the frequency, respectively period (both prenatal and intrapartum) of administration and long-term effects.
”Off-Label” use of antibiotics in critical patients
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Ghiciuc Cristina Mihaela , Loghin Ioan Iustin ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Cretu Aurelia ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Vicovan Andrei ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Ochiuz Lacramioara ,   Faculty of Pharmacy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania, Cernescu Irina Teodora ,   Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iasi, Romania
Published: May 2022

In intensive care units, the most prescribed drugs are antibiotics, as result of the high incidence of infections among patients admitted to these units. In medical practice, antibiotic resistance is a phenomenon with dramatic consequences, which has led to the development of new strategies to solve this public health problem, including the use of ”off-label” drugs. Classification as an off-label prescription of a drug mainly refers to: unapproved therapeutic indication, formulation, dose (including dose interval), age or unapproved route of administration. The aim of this paper is to present the categories of appropriate ”off-label” use of drugs with a detailed description of the principles of use in this regime of antibiotics as mono- or combo-therapy.
Determination of the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids and the antioxidant capacity of extracts from Viola x wittrockiana flowers
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Marian Eleonora , Morgovan Claudia Mona ,   Chemistry Department, Faculty of Informatics and Sciences, University of Oradea, Romania, Vicas Laura Gratiela ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Jurca Tunde ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Pallag Annamaria ,   Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Muresan Mariana ,   Department of Preclinical Discipline, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, Romania, Frent Olimpia Daniela ,   Doctoral School of Biomedical Science, University of Oradea, Romania
Published: May 2022

Study objectives: were evaluation of the content in bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties of the species Viola x wittrockiana Gams flowers, cultivated in the Bihor region of Romania. Materials and Methods: Viola x wittrockiana Gams flowers were harvested, dried, then prepared for to evaluate the phenolic and flavonoid contents and for determined antioxidant capacity by the following methods: DPPH and FRAP. Results – after determined the total polyphenolic compounds content the concentration found was contained between 2.5-4.52 mg GAE/100 g dry flowers and flavonoids were contained between 46.75-54.49 mg QE/100 g dry flowers garden pansies. Conclusions: strong correlation between the polyphenols and flavonoids content and antioxidant properties which have been evaluated at the extracts obtained from the pansy flowers have shown that the plant has inhibition capacity on DPPH reagent contained between 62.644 – 92.241% and antioxidant capacity which varies between 494.588-889.882 made by FRAP method.
Dentists, members of the French Resistance movement during the World War II
Authors:   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Drafta Sergiu , Burlibasa Mihai ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Perieanu Viorel ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Costea Raluca ,   Private practice, Brasov, Romania, Eftene Oana ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Maru Nicoleta ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Stetiu Andreea Angela ,   ”Lucian Blaga” University, Sibiu, Romania, Perieanu Madalina ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Bucur Mirela Veronica ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Beuran Irina Adriana ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Malita Madalina ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Dina Magdalena Natalia ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Neagoe Ioana-Cristina ,   University of Pitesti, Pitesti, Romania, Bodnar Dana Cristina ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Costea Radu ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Ionescu Camelia ,   ”Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
Published: May 2022

The Resistance was a reaffirmation of France's independence and individuality, as well as a struggle to regain freedom and, above all, national integrity. In fact, many historians appreciate that the French Resistance could have achieved more if it had been more effectively integrated into Allied plans and strategies. Thus, in this material we tried to present some short biographies of dentists who worked in the French Resistance against the German occupation troops, some of them even paying with their lives for the courage they showed.
Detection of Frequency-dependent Dispersion Measure toward the Millisecond Pulsar J2241–5236 from Contemporaneous Wideband Observations
Authors: Kaur Dilpreet , Ramesh Bhat N. D. , Dai Shi , McSweeney Samuel J. , Shannon Ryan M. , Kudale Sanjay , van Straten Willem
Published: May 2022

Making precise measurements of pulsar dispersion measures (DMs) and applying suitable corrections for them is among the major challenges in high-precision timing programs such as pulsar timing arrays (PTAs). While the advent of wideband pulsar instrumentation can enable more precise DM measurements and thence improved timing precision, it also necessitates doing careful assessments of frequency-dependent (chromatic) DMs that were theorized by Cordes et al (2016). Here we report the detection of such an effect in broadband observations of the millisecond pulsar PSR J2241−5236, a high-priority target for current and future PTAs. The observations were made contemporaneously using the wideband receivers and capabilities now available at the Murchison Widefield Array, the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope, and the Parkes telescopes, thus providing an unprecedentedly large frequency coverage from 80 MHz to 4 GHz. Our analysis shows the measurable changes in DM that scale with the observing frequency (ν) as δDM ∝ ν
2.5±0.1. We discuss the potential implications of such a frequency dependence in the measured DMs and the likely impact on the timing noise budget and comment on the usefulness of low-frequency observations in advancing PTA efforts.
Effect of earthworm oil on formation of collagen type III during wound healing process in BALB/c mice
Authors: Afshar Mohammad , Hassanzadeh-Taheri Mohammadmehdi , Zardast Mahmood , Naderi Zahra
Published: May 2022

Abstract

Introduction: Eisenia fetida is a species of earthworm. The oil extracted from this species has been found to have antimicrobial and antioxidant characteristics as well as omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids in its contents. The regenerative properties of this compound are very impressive.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of earthworm oil on wound healing based on collagen type III formation in the BALB/c mice.

Materials and methods: The present experimental study was conducted in Birjand, Iran, in 2019. Forty-eight male adults BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups (12 mice in each group). The intervention group received earthworm oil, the negative and positive control groups received sesame oil and 1% nitrofurazone cream, respectively, whereas the sham group received no treatment at al. A full-thickness excision wound with a 5-mm disposable surgical punch was made on the dorsal skin of all mice after anesthesia. The wounds in groups 1, 2, and 3 were dressed twice a day. At days 4, 7, 10, and 14 after wounding, excisional biopsy was performed and the sample was examined histologically and immunohistochemically using the ImageJ software. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Tukey tests using SPSS software version 22.

Results: In the tissue samples treated with earthworm oil, the number of fibroblast cells and granulation tissue formation and epithelialization significantly increased; the thickness of type III collagen fibers in this group predominantly increased in comparison to other control groups.

Conclusions: This study has demonstrated that the earthworm oil has a positive effect on the wound healing process, especially by promoting the collagen synthesis.
The effectiveness of the use of polypeptide drugs and their effect on the metabolic parameters of oral fluid in patients with generalized periodontitis in depending on blood type
Authors: Bandrivsky Yurii , Bandrivska Orysia , Malko Nataliia , Posolenyk Larysa , Vydoinyk Oksana , Iskiv Maryana
Published: May 2022

The article presents the results of treatment of 157 patients with generalized periodontitis depending on blood type using polypeptide drugs. The concentration of total protein, C – reactive protein, IgG, TRACP, BSALP, albumin, amylase, lipase, Ca, Fe was determined in the oral fluid. The treatment allowed to reduce the content of total protein, C – reactive protein, TRACP in the oral fluid with increasing levels of calcium, Fe, BSALP, in relation to the relevant data before treatment. And also, polypeptide drugs helped to increase the level of albumin in representatives of 0 (I) and A (II) blood type in the oral fluid; contributed to a decrease: glucose, IgG with increasing activity, amylase and lipase in carriers of B (III) and AB (IV) blood type in the oral fluid, in relation to the values before treatment. The dynamics of indicators of oral fluid metabolism with the help of polypeptide drugs, convincingly proves the effectiveness of their use in the treatment of generalized periodontitis in patients with different blood type.
Viola shiweii, a new species of Viola (Violaceae) from karst forest in Guizhou, China
Authors: Li Xiao-Chen , Wang Zheng-Wei , Wang Qi , Ge Bin-Jie , Chen Bin , Yu Ping , Zhong Xin
Published: May 2022

Viola shiweii Xiao C. Li & Z. W. Wang (Violaceae), a new species from Guizhou, China, is described, based on morphological and molecular evidence. The new species is morphologically most similar to V. kwangtungensis Melchior in its glabrous lateral petals and stoloniferous habit, but can be distinguished by its obtuse teeth along the leaf margin, its abaxially greyish-green leaf blade and its broader and entire sepals with a distinct basal appendage.
Is It Time to Bring Back Knee Washout?
Authors: Ike Robert W. , Kalunian Kenneth C.
Published: May 2022

Washout of knee joint contents, whether by arthrotomy, arthroscopy, or percutaneous methods, can remove phlogistic material contributing to the problem at hand. Observations dating from the turn of the last century coupled with multiple trials suggest such that an intervention can be useful in the management of osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies, crystal arthritis, and septic arthritis. We suggest that this intervention—applicable at the bedside with minimal cost, preparation, or expertise—be reconsidered as an adjunct in management of these disorders.
Changes in the prevalence of hepatitis B and metabolic abnormalities among young men in Korea
Authors: Song Byeong Geun , Sinn Dong Hyun , Kang Wonseok , Gwak Geum-Youn , Paik Yong-Han , Choi Moon Seok , Lee Joon Hyeok , Koh Kwang Cheol , Paik Seung Woon
Published: May 2022

Changes in the prevalence of disease over time provide valuable information from a public health perspective. We used data from Korea Military Manpower Administration medical examinations for conscription between 2003 and 2019 (n = 5,355,941), which involved young men aged 19 years, to observe changes in liver disease over time at a population level. Trends in the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels, the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, obesity, and hypertension were assessed. The prevalence of HBsAg steadily decreased from 3.19% for men born in 1984 to 0.18% for men born in 2000. Among HBsAg-negative subjects, the prevalence of elevated ALT levels increased from 13.15% for men born in 1986 to 16.48% for men born in 2000. The prevalence of obesity, hypertension and the proportion with high FIB-4 scores (≥ 1.45) also increased. This population-based nationwide analysis showed a decreasing trend of HBsAg and increasing trends of possible non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Quand l’école et ATD Quart Monde nouent des partenariats
Authors: Lahanier-Reuter Dominique , Granado Clotilde
Published: May 2022

Le mouvement ATD Quart Monde noue des partenariats avec les acteurs de terrain et leurs hiérarchies respectives : l’Éducation nationale, les communes etc., autour de questions vives concernant en particulier les relations entre les écoles et les familles en situation de grande pauvreté. Une des démarches soutenant ces projets est celle du croisement des savoirs et des pratiques avec les personnes en situation de pauvreté, une démarche originale qui autorise les confrontations des savoirs des différents groupes d’acteurs et qui a pour objectif l’élaboration de nouveaux savoirs. Au travers de deux projets, nous décrivons certaines règles et principes de ces démarches, au travers des déroulés, des obstacles et des succès que les travaux menés dans ce cadre peuvent rencontrer : modifications des représentations, inventions de dispositifs pédagogiques etc., en insistant particulièrement sur les tensions auxquelles sont soumis tous les acteurs de ces expériences, professionnels, parents, accompagnateurs, etc.
Changes in the Tibial Strain After Proximal Fibular Osteotomy: A Biomechanical Cadaveric Study
Authors: Ahmad Muslim Muhammad Y. , Draman Mohd R. , Merican Azhar M. , Chong Desmond Y. R.
Published: May 2022

Total knee arthroplasty surgery is an increasingly common procedure for the treatment of uni- and tricompartmental knee osteoarthritis, particularly in advanced stages and in the older population. Its usage is being extended to younger patients, where implant longevity is of concern. In the younger age group, especially with early disease, other options merit consideration. On the other hand, it may not be possible for elderly patients with medical comorbidities to undergo joint replacement surgery. Proximal fibular osteotomy (PFO) has recently been advocated to treat medial knee osteoarthritis. Although there have been clinical reports showing promising outcomes, the biomechanical basis of this procedure is still unclear. We performed a cadaveric study to investigate the effect of PFO on proximal tibial strain. Eight unpaired cadaveric lower limb specimens were loaded in compression at 2 times body weight. Strain gauges were mounted on various sites on the proximal tibia and fibula. After PFO, there was a significant increase in the lateral tibial strain adjacent to the proximal tibiofibular joint (
P
<.05). There was moderate effect size reduction in the anteromedial tibial strain as well as moderate effect size increase in the posterior tibial strain. The strain reduction seen at the anteromedial tibia can offer a possible explanation for symptomatic relief after PFO. However, the increase in the lateral and posterior tibial strain raises concern about long-term accelerated wear in these regions. [
Orthopedics
. 2022;45(5):314–319.]
Implant Insertion Procedure of the Port Delivery System With Ranibizumab: Overview and Clinical Pearls
Authors: Pieramici Dante J. , Wieland Mark R. , Stewart Jay M. , Chang Robert T. , Gune Shamika A. , Malhotra Varun K. , Barteselli Giulio , Awh Carl C.
Published: May 2022

OBJECTIVE:

To describe the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab implant insertion procedure.

METHODS:

A surgical procedure based on the clinical trial program in patients with retinal diseases.

RESULTS:

An infusion line is placed in the infero-temporal quadrant; a superotemporal quadrant corneal traction suture is recommended. The superotemporal quadrant peritomy of 6 × 6 mm is executed with gentle, purposeful tissue handling. Generous posterior and lateral sub-Tenon's capsule dissection creates laxity for the subsequent closure. Adequate scleral hemostasis is achieved with wet-field cautery to maintain a clean field. The implant is filled under magnification with a customized formulation of ranibizumab. A precise 3.5-mm-long scleral incision (4 mm posterior and parallel to the limbus) is created to ensure proper implant fit. The exposed pars plana undergoes laser ablation to reduce vitreous hemorrhage risk. A pars plana incision is made, and the implant is inserted perpendicular to the globe and seated flush against the sclera. Complete closure of both the conjunctiva and Tenon's capsule with scleral anchoring and mild tissue overhang at the anterior limbus is performed to reduce conjunctival erosion and retraction risks.

CONCLUSION:

The procedure is straightforward yet requires precise preoperative and intraoperative preparation and standardized surgical techniques.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2022;53:249–256.]
Refill-Exchange Procedure of the Port Delivery System With Ranibizumab: Overview and Clinical Trial Experience
Authors: Khanani Arshad M. , Graff Jordan M. , Marcus Dennis M. , Wykoff Charles C. , Jhaveri Chirag D. , Barteselli Giulio , Malhotra Varun K. , Menezes Alicia R. , Callaway Natalia F.
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE:

To describe the Port Delivery System with ranibizumab refill-exchange procedure.

METHODS:

Procedure based on the clinical trial program in patients with retinal diseases.

RESULTS:

The refill-exchange procedure is performed under topical anesthesia and strict aseptic conditions. Supplemental task lighting and magnification are recommended throughout the procedure. Ranibizumab is aseptically transferred from the vial with the filter needle and air is removed from the syringe. The filter needle is then replaced with the refill needle; any remaining air is removed from the syringe and the plunger is advanced to the 0.1-mL mark. Targeting the implant septum center, the refill needle is inserted perpendicularly to the globe until the soft stop contacts the conjunctiva (perpendicular orientation and conjunctival contact are maintained throughout the procedure); a cotton-tipped applicator is recommended for globe stabilization. The entire syringe contents are slowly injected over 5–10 seconds while existing solution fills the fluid collection reservoir. Once completed, the needle is carefully withdrawn while maintaining perpendicularity. The procedure can be successfully performed in rare, specific cases, including subconjunctival thickening or fibrous capsule formation, fluid-filled bleb formation, and corneal patch grafts.

CONCLUSION:

The procedure is straightforward but distinct from intravitreal injections and requires adherence to standardized techniques. With appropriate preparation, the procedure can be performed in specific cases.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina.
2022;53:257–265.]
Pediatric Retinal Detachment in Homozygous Protein C Deficiency: Genetic and Phenotypic Description of a Single Family
Authors: Alotaibi Mohammed D. , Albakri Amani S. , Alsulaiman Sulaiman M.
Published: May 2022

Homozygous protein C deficiency is a rare hypercoagulability disorder. This study describes the ocular manifestations and the genetic background in a family with two affected children. This is a retrospective review of ophthalmic examinations, investigations, genetic testing, and blood work-up of two children with homozygous protein C deficiency from a single family. A family with a positive history of consanguineous marriage was found to have two affected children with homozygous protein C deficiency. Abnormal visual behavior was the presenting symptom. Both children had bilateral total tractional retinal detachments at presentation. Skin manifestations included episodes of discoloration and bruising. Laboratory work-up revealed absent protein C activity. Genetic testing confirmed the presence of a homozygous pathogenic mutation in protein C gene (NM_000312.3: c.1297G>A: p.Gly433Ser). Homozygous protein C deficiency should be considered in the differential diagnosis of early-onset tractional retinal detachment in infancy. Although rare, the ophthalmologist may be the first to encounter the condition, and treatment with protein C replacement or anticoagulants may be life-saving. Examination under anesthesia with fluorescein angiography and laser treatment early in life may be warranted to preserve vision.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2022;53:293–296.

]
Noninvasive Measurement of Oxygen Saturation in Human Retinal Blood Vessels and Tissues With Multispectral Confocal Imaging
Authors: Khoobehi Bahram , Wafapoor Hussein , Eaton Alexander , Liu Ruixue , Firn Kim , Kubilay Tara
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Proof of concept for the first system of noninvasive human retinal vessel and tissue oxygenation measurement in axial and radial directions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A confocal imaging system capable of calculating and mapping relative retinal blood oxygenation in radial and axial directions from three eyes of two healthy subjects was built. The relationship between oxygenation and retinal depth in vivo was analyzed to illustrate application of this novel system.

RESULTS:

The system shows capacity for measuring oxygenation along retinal depth for the first time. (1) Arteriovenous oxygenation difference decreases with blood vessel diameter. (2) Artery-tissue oxygenation difference is greater than vein-tissue oxygenation difference in the same region. (3) Intravascular-extravascular oxygenation difference decreases with blood vessel diameter. (4) Oxygenation data reported with a 95% CI are as follows: A1 91.5% ± 18.2%, V1 32.8% ± 18.6%, A2 97.3% ± 17.8%, V2 64.4% ± 11.2%, A3 73.2% ± 19.1%, V3 52.9% ± 15.3%, and Tissue 56.6% ± 00.4%.

CONCLUSION:

This article demonstrates proof of concept for retinal oxygenation calculation in radial and axial dimensions for the first time. Initial results provide biological validity to this method. Future aims include further characterization of this system's results in healthy subjects and subsequent comparison of oxygenation between diseased and healthy retinae.

[

Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2022;53:275–283.

]
Essentialist Non-Reductivism
Authors: Miller Taylor-Grey Edward
Published: May 2022

According to many contemporary metaphysicians, we ought to theorize in terms of grounding because of its promise to explicate the idea of reality having a layered structure. However, a tension emerges when one combines the layered structure view with the view that higher-level facts are not reducible to lower level facts. This tension emerges from two problems. The first problem arises from the fact that grounding explanations entail true universal generalizations. In order to satisfy this constraint, we will face serious pressure to make sure the entities involved in the grounded facts are appropriately connected to the entities involved in the grounding facts, otherwise the generalizations associated with those grounding claims will come out false. However, ensuring the appropriate connections seemingly leaves no way for the non-reductivist to fully squeeze out reference to higher-level entities as we descend the levels of ground. This threatens the result that some higher-level facts must be taken as fundamental, which the non-reductivist cannot accept. I’ll argue that we can resolve the tension by taking the connections at issue to be essentially true. We can call this view essentialist non-reductivism. One significant upshot of the argument is that we can see not only that essentialist non-reductivism successfully resolves the tension, but that in principle no better solution could be offered.
Role of Deep Learning in Medical Image Super-Resolution
Authors: Muhammad Wazir , Gupta Manoj , Bhutto Zuhaibuddin
Published: May 2022

Recently, deep learning-based convolutional neural networks method for image super-resolution has achieved remarkable performance in various fields including security surveillance, satellite imaging, and medical image enhancement. Although these approaches obtained improved performance in medical images, existing works only used a pre-processing step and hand-designed filter methods to improve the quality of medical images. Pre-processing step and hand-designed-based reconstructed medical image results are very blurry and introduce new noises in the images. Due to this, sometimes medical practitioners make wrong decisions, which are very dangerous for human beings. In this chapter, the authors explain that the hand-designed as well as deep learning-based approaches, including some image quality assessment metrics to open the gate to verify the images with different approaches, depend on the single image approach. Furthermore, they discuss some important types of medical images and their properties.
A Model-Based Approach for Extracting Emotional Status From Immobilized Beings Using EEG Signals
Authors: Krishna Namana Murali , Kamatham Harikrishna , Vikram G. Raja , Devi J. Sirisha
Published: May 2022

Human-computer interaction is a potential area of interest since the birth of the computer era. The chapter highlights the usage of electroencephalogram (EEG wave) signals to initiate a conveying medium for immobilized persons, who are not able to express their feelings, by the use of human brain waves or signals. In order to recognize the human feelings or expressions with some emotion by an disable persons, a classifier based on a gamma distribution is utilized. The characteristic of the human brain waves are extracted with the usage of cepstral coefficients. The extracted characteristic is classified into various emotion states using generalized gamma distribution. In order to experiment the proposed model, six healthy persons or subjects are taken aged between from 20 and 28, and a 64 electrode channel EEG system is considered to gather the EEG brain signals under audio as well as visual stimuli. In this chapter, the authors focused the study on four basic human emotions: boredom, sad, happy, and neutral.
Minimum Prediction Error at an Early Stage in Darknet Analysis
Authors: Ambika N.
Published: May 2022

The previous work adopts an evolving methodology in neural system. The chapter is a new darknet transactions summary. It is a system administration structure for real-time automating of the wicked intention discovery method. It uses a weight agnostic fuzzy interface construction. It is an efficient and reliable computational rational forensics device for web exchange examination, the exposure of malware transactions, and decoded business testimony in real-time. The suggestion is an automatic searching neural-net structure that can execute different duties, such as recognizing zero-day crimes. By automating the spiteful purpose disclosure means from the darknet, the answer reduces the abilities and training wall. It stops many institutions from adequately preserving their most hazardous asset. The system uses two types of datasets – training and prediction sets. The errors are detected using back propagation. The recommendation detects the attacks earlies by 6.85% and 13% of resources compared to the previous work.
An Efficient Technique for Passive Image Forgery Detection Using Computational Intelligence
Authors: Mehta Sonam , Shukla Pragya
Published: May 2022

This chapter proposes a scheme for the identification of copy-move forgery by inducing adaptive over-segmentation and matching of feature points with the help of discrete cosine transform (DCT). Copy-move forging is an image tampering technique that involves concealing undesired things or recreating desirable elements within the same image to create modified tampered images. Traditional methods added a large number of false matches. To conquer this problem, a new algorithm is proposed to incorporate an adaptive threshold method. So, the block feature matching mechanism is used, and the matching feature blocks classify the feature points using patch matching and Hough transform. Forged regions are detected with the help of the newly proposed algorithm. The results of the proposed method show that it can substantially reduce the number of false matches that lead to improvements in both performance and computational costs. This demonstrates the suggested algorithm's resistance against a variety of known attacks. Comparative results are presented for a better evaluation.
Managing Work From Home With Young Children
Authors: Krenn Jamie L. , Chan Monica Miaoxia , Wang Keying
Published: May 2022

Whereas other chapters might provide information on how to work, in this chapter, readers might contemplate the question of what happens when working from home with young children. With the hectic pace of modern life, families unexpectedly or by choice are stressed, balancing parental duties and job tasks while working from home. Negative feelings in a work-from-home environment stem from the stresses of sudden space-sharing to maintain a career and young ones' developmental needs. As a result, young children might feel isolated and have a higher risk for mental health issues, perhaps from the shared space and reduced attentive care. This chapter connects work and daily child-related activities to create a more manageable work-from-home lifestyle. Readers will learn how to utilize cognitive, developmental, educational, and social psychologies and ecological theory in this often-turbulent environment. Any workforce can benefit from implementing these “attitude changing” suggestions into the home to benefit the well-being of working families.
Using Online Digital Data to Infer Valuable Skills for the Modern Workforce
Authors: Strukova Sofia , Ruipérez-Valiente José A.
Published: May 2022

This chapter uncovers the opportunities that online media portals like content sharing and consumption sites or photography sites have for informal and formal learning. The authors explored online portals that can provide evidence of evaluating, inferring, measuring skills, and/or contributing to the development of competencies and capabilities of the 21st century with two case studies. The first one is focused on identifying data science topical experts across the Reddit community. The second one uses online Flickr data to apply a model on the photographs to rate them as aesthetically attractive and technically sound, which can serve as a base for measuring the photography capabilities of Flickr users. The presented results can serve as a base to replicate these methodologies to infer other competencies and capabilities across online portals. This novel approach can be an effective alternative evaluation of key 21st century skills for the modern workforce with multiple applications.
Use of Mobile Technology in Assessing Occupational Performance and Stress in Firefighters
Authors: Ras Jaron , Leach Lloyd
Published: May 2022

Firefighters are required to maintain all aspects of their health and wellness in order to sustain their fitness for duty. Heart rate variability (HRV) has been used as a reliable tool when assessing the stressors placed on firefighters, be it physical, emotional, or psychological. This review determined the usefulness of using HRV as a tool to determine the physical, physiological, and psychological health of firefighters at a more regular and frequent scale. HRV is a versatile technology with a plethora of uses, particularly in monitoring the cardiovascular strain as a result of firefighting and recovery post-fire suppression. In addition, the literature showed that HRV could be used to successfully monitor physical fitness, physiological stress, psychological stress, decision making, risk taking behavior and recovery in firefighters. The use of mobile technology measuring HRV may be used to successfully assess firefighter occupational performance. In future research, longitudinal studies investigating HRV use in firefighters are warranted.
Digital Film-Making Response to a Hate Crime
Authors: Casale Regina , Mentor Dominic
Published: May 2022

This chapter revisits the creation and results of cultivating mobile journalism and film making skills with middle and high schoolers in Long Island. The youth digital film production effort was in response to a hate crime. An immigrant was killed by a group of young males after a suspected spree of other attacks. After the murderous incident, immigrant parents and students of the local schools feared for their lives. Working towards narrative goals, the organizers set out to teach students how to use mobile and computer technologies for filmmaking. Using themes of human rights, they also focused on responding to hate crimes and immigration issues. The chapter offers further key discoveries, lessons, and positive outcomes of the program. The programs provided academic and workforce development skills as well as using computer technology for digitizing narratives. The program also offered informal academic purposes, along with opportunities and recommendations from the findings for other digital filmmaking endeavors.
Educational Online Video in Adaptive E-Learning
Authors: Chelliq Ikram , Erradi Mohamed , Khaldi Mohamed
Published: May 2022

The field of education has undergone a significant evolution in the face of technological innovation and through the use of technology that has had a significant impact on teaching and learning. The use and integration of video in adaptive e-learning has proved to be a beneficial method of delivering learning content. Educational online videos are becoming more and more successful thanks to the excellent progress in video production technology, methods, and techniques. The chapter presents a framework to develop an effective online video that facilitates learning. In this chapter, the authors present a methodology and a set of guidelines, tools, and processes for scenario setting of educational online videos. They also offer an approach to the presentation and the integration of scripted educational online video in adaptive hypermedia systems to ensure the process of scenario adaptation that will facilitate enhanced learning.
Libraries Creating Opportunities Before and During Crises
Authors: Reid Jason D.
Published: May 2022

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic created a source of disruption for libraries around the world with regards to the delivery of their services. Throughout the pandemic, many libraries were forced by their respective governing bodies to reduce their in-person operating hours. As a result, a greater integration of technology became an imperative for libraries to continue to deliver relevant content to patrons. Many libraries were successful at implementing further innovative technologies into their organizational processes. However, several challenges remain with respect to the delivery of resources in an equitable manner, especially in developing nations. This chapter addresses the myriad ways libraries across the world adapted to the changing demands by regulators and patrons. This chapter also offers a literature review on the subject and provides recommendations on how libraries can continue to adapt to the rapidly evolving digital landscape catalyzed by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Language as a Medium for Bridging the Gap Between Philosophy, Media, and Development
Authors: Robert Odey Simon
Published: May 2022

Language is used in various ways and for various purposes, including for creating and solving various human problems. This chapter rises to demonstrate that language, as a medium of communication needed and used in all human endeavours, is what could be used to adequately bridge the gap between philosophy, media, and development in society. Using expository and analytic methods and qualitative approach, the chapter proves in its analysis that when language is used rightly and efficiently, the gap between philosophy, media, and development would be bridged adequately and the surrounding issues addressed significantly. It argues that the gap, which had been created and sustained by inefficient and wrong use of language in philosophical, media, and developmental matters, could be bridged through efficient and right use of language by professionals of these trio fields and other individuals in the society in general. The study submits that language is the panacea for the matters arising from the gap between philosophy, media, and development.
National Security, Media, and Cybersecurity Threats
Authors: Fwa Kursim Leonard
Published: May 2022

This chapter discusses the nexus between national security, media, and cybercrime in cyberspace governance. To achieve good governance within nations cyberspace, it becomes essential for the policymakers to exercise political, economic, and judicial procedures in a manner that ensures that the people are given their freedom to fulfil their duties and resolve their disputes in accordance with rule of law. The chapter provides policymakers with insights on how to improve the effectiveness of national security, counter cybercrimes within cyber governance institutions, and processes in the face of the changing nature of the use of media and its platforms. The chapter discuss the problematic, the concept cyberspace, cyberspace, and the changing dynamics and cybersecurity crime: trends, method, risks, and vulnerabilities. The chapter provides a strategic framework for a secure cyberspace in developing countries, taking cognisance of the realities and constraints within a developing milieu of the developing countries.
Recent Advances in Edge Computing Paradigms
Authors: Sodanapalli Sana , Shrestha Hewan , Dhasarathan Chandramohan , Puviyarasi T.  , Goundar Sam
Published: May 2022

Edge computing is an exciting new approach to network architecture that helps organizations break beyond the limitations imposed by traditional cloud-based networks. It has emerged as a viable and important architecture that supports distributed computing to deploy compute and storage resources closer to the data source. Edge and fog computing addresses three principles of network limitations of bandwidth, latency, congestion, and reliability. The research community sees edge computing at manufacturing, farming, network optimization, workplace safety, improved healthcare, transportation, etc. The promise of this technology will be realized through addressing new research challenges in the IoT paradigm and the design of highly-efficient communication technology with minimum cost and effort.
Opportunistic Edge Computing Architecture for Smart Healthcare Systems
Authors: Nivethitha V.  , Aghila G.
Published: May 2022

Some of the largest global industries that is driving smart city environments are anywhere and anytime health monitoring applications. Smart healthcare systems need to be more preventive and responsive as they deal with sensitive data. Even though cloud computing provides solutions to the smart healthcare applications, the major challenge imposed on cloud computing is how could the centralized traditional cloud computing handle voluminous data. The existing models may encounter problems related to network resource utilization, overheads in network response time, and communication latency. As a solution to these problems, edge-oriented computing has emerged as a new computing paradigm through localized computing. Edge computing expands the compute, storage, and networking capabilities to the edge of the network which will respond to the above-mentioned issues. Based on cloud computing and edge computing, in this chapter an opportunistic edge computing architecture is introduced for smart provisioning of healthcare data.
Fog Computing and Edge Computing for the Strengthening of Structural Monitoring Systems in Health and Early Warning Score Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Ramirez Lopez Leonardo Juan , Puerta Aponte Gabriel Alberto
Published: May 2022

Currently, with the implementation of IoT, it is expected that medicine and health obtain a great benefit derived from the development of portable devices and connected sensors, which allow acquiring and communicating data on symptoms, vital signs, medicines, and activities of daily life that can affect health. Despite the possible benefits of health services assisted by IoT, there are barriers such as the storage of data in the cloud for analysis by physicians, the security and privacy of the data that are communicated, the cost of communication of the data that is collected, and the manipulation and maintenance of the sensors. This chapter intends to deploy and develop the context of the IoT platforms in the field of health and medicine by means of the transformation of edge and fog computing, as intermediate layers that provide interfaces between heterogeneous networks, networks inherited infrastructure, and servers in the cloud for the ease of data analysis and connectivity in order to implement a structural health monitoring based on IoT for application of early warning score.
Role of Edge Computing to Leverage IoT-Assisted AAL Ecosystem
Authors: K. Madhana , L. S. Jayashree
Published: May 2022

The medical advancement in recent years is addressing challenges of the dependent people like senior citizens, physically challenged, and cognitively impaired individuals by providing technical aids to promote a healthier society. The radical improvement in the digital world is trying to make their life smoother by creating a smart living environment via ambient assisted living (AAL) rather than hospitalization. In this chapter, an Edge-based AAL-IoT ecosystem is introduced with the prime objective of delivering telehealthcare to elderly and telerehabilitation to disabled individuals. The proposed framework focuses on developing smart home, an intelligent atmosphere for real-time monitoring in regard to meet the needs of independent and isolated individuals. The supporting technologies to leverage the edge computing concept, to enable scalability and reliability are also studied. A case study on proposed architecture for quarantined patient monitoring remotely in the event of epidemic or pandemic diseases is presented.
The Role of Analytics Within the Higher Education Institutions
Authors: Mahroeian Hamid
Published: May 2022

Over the last decade, the higher education sector around the world has been undergoing rapid transformation. Subsequently, the sector has struggled to adapt and address potential systemic threats affecting learning and teaching. In recent years, a considerable body of research has focused on identifying and documenting those challenges and proposing ways to address them. Central to the ways of addressing challenges are learning technologies. Over the years, several institutions have systematically deployed new technologies to support learning and teaching. Institutions have recently begun to investigate new types of data to better understand and manage systemic difficulties, as well as to promote effective decision-making. This chapter examines the dynamic changes in higher education and the issues that have resulted from these developments in the 21st century. It will next look at how data, specifically big data and analytics, may assist the industry in adapting to its changing environment.
Game-Based Approach to Reasoning, Problem Solving, and Communication for High School Students
Authors: Montejo-Gámez Jesús , Amador-Saelices Victoria , López Centella Esperanza
Published: May 2022

This chapter presents a game-based learning didactic proposal to promote the development of students' mathematical processes of reasoning, problem solving, and communication in their first years at high school. The sessions combine individual free competition and collaborative work through a series of activities based on the use of six logic and visual reasoning games (Rummikub, Mastermind, Swish, Pentomino, Quadrillion, and Cortex). Learning outcomes are assessed by means of a model that incorporates gamification elements. A critical analysis of a first implementation of the didactic proposal with 135 students of Grades 7 and 8 (12-14 years old) is provided. The relevance and usefulness of the didactic material designed as well as the successful impact of the implementation of the didactic proposal on the development of students' mathematical processes are also discussed.
Analysis of Motivations and Experiences of Pre-Service Teachers in Gamified Math Trials
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez Enrique , Benito Sualdea Angélica , Nolla de Celis Álvaro
Published: May 2022

Within the inter-university innovation project Madrid and Cordoba Math Cities, this chapter analyses motivation and experiences of pre-service teachers carrying out a gamified math trail with the use of the mobile app MathCityMap. The student's motivational aspects were studied with the situational motivation scale (SIMS) and the self-determination index (SDI). Student's valuations of the gamification features of MathCityMap, namely scores, penalties, group ranking and narrative, were studied with a specific questionnaire. The results show high values in the positive subscales of the SIMS test and a positive valuation about the inclusion of gamification within a math trail.