bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum perampanel levels in patients with seizures are not affected by hemodialysis
Authors: Nakazawa Yusuke , Shiraishi Wataru , Matsuyoshi Ayano , Inamori Yukiko , Mitani Koki , Ando Narutada , Shiomi Koji , Morita Takao , Koga Noriyuki , Agawa Yuji , Miyata Takeshi , Ogura Takenori , Hatano Taketo
Published: June 2024

Perampanel belongs to a novel class of antiseizure medications (ASMs). Studies examining the effect of hemodialysis on perampanel serum levels in clinical settings are lacking. We aimed to evaluate the changes in serum perampanel levels during hemodialysis. We studied patients with seizures who received oral perampanel between April 2020 and March 2023 and whose serum concentration of perampanel was measured before and after hemodialysis. We analyzed the serum concentrations of levetiracetam and lacosamide for comparison. Fourteen patients, with a mean age of 76.1 ± 7.88 years, were included. The dose of perampanel was 2.14 ± 1.27 mg. The hemodialysis clearance rate of perampanel, levetiracetam, and lacosamide was 0 ± 13%, 69 ± 11%, and 59.6 ± 8.2%, respectively. The post‐dialysis CD ratio decreased significantly with levetiracetam but not with perampanel. Adverse but acceptable effects of perampanel were observed in two patients. The serum concentrations of several ASMs have been shown to be reduced during hemodialysis. Our study revealed that the serum perampanel concentration does not decrease during hemodialysis. Owing to the low rate of adverse effects and the stability of perampanel serum concentration during hemodialysis, perampanel could be a favorable choice as an ASM for patients with seizures undergoing hemodialysis.

Plain Language summary

Our study looked at how hemodialysis affects the serum levels of perampanel, a new type of medication for seizures. In 14 patients who started treatment between April 2020 and March 2023, perampanel serum levels did not decrease during hemodialysis, unlike other seizure medications. This shows that perampanel can be a good option for patients with seizures who need hemodialysis, with fewer side effects compared to other medications.
Deep generative model‐based generation method of stochastic structural planes of rock masses in tunnels
Authors: Meng Han , Mei Gang , Qi Xiaoyu , Xu Nengxiong , Peng Jianbing
Published: June 2024

Tunnels stand as indispensable pillars of transportation infrastructure, assuming a central and transformative role in fostering the sustainable evolution of urban. The excavation process of tunnels presents a spectrum of geological challenges, encompassing the potential for instability and collapse. Ensuring the stability of the tunnel is a top priority in tunnel construction. The destabilization leading to collapse in certain tunnels is intricately connected to the structural planes of the rock mass. Accurately obtaining the distribution of structural planes within the rock mass is the necessary basis for maintaining the stability of the tunnel. The conventional Monte Carlo method generates each parameter of stochastic structural planes separately without considering the correlations between the parameters. To address this limitation, we propose a stochastic structural plane generation method based on deep generative model (DGM). The model takes the measured factual structural plane data as input, and the neural network realizes the generation of structural plane data with automatic learning of the distribution law of structural planes and the correlations between each parameters without assuming the probability distribution of stochastic structural planes in advance. This method has been used for stochastic structural plane generation of the rock mass in the Yuelongmen tunnel located in Mianyang City, Sichuan Province. The validation results show that the proposed DGM‐based method automatically captures the correlation between structural plane parameters while ensuring the greater accuracy of the generated structural planes.
Late Triassic lithium pegmatites in Northwest China: A response to continental collision during Paleo‐Tethys Ocean closure
Authors: Zhao Junxing , Qin Kezhang , Evans Noreen J. , Pan Tong , He Changtong , Bhandari Sushmita , Wang Tao
Published: June 2024

Spodumene‐bearing pegmatite dyke swarms have recently been discovered in the Chaqiabeishan area, at the northeastern margin of the Qinghai‐Tibet Plateau in northwest China. In order to elucidate the connection between the Chaqiabeishan lithium pegmatites and Triassic magmatism and mineralization within the West Kunlun – Songpan ‐Garzê rare‐metal belt, this study presents new columbite‐group mineral and monazite U–Pb dating results, mineral chemistry, monazite in situ Nd isotope analyses and gamma‐ray spectrometric measurements. Magmatism and mineralization at Chaqiabeishan mainly occurred ca. 216 Ma, and the mineralized pegmatites (Mn‐rich columbite‐group minerals, highly evolved monazite compositions and high effective uranium contents in the gamma‐ray survey) were generated from the high degree of the fractional crystallization in a volatile‐rich granitic magma. The source material of the Chaqiabeishan lithium pegmatites (εNd(t) values from −14.4 to −12.8) was more enriched than that of other pegmatite‐type lithium deposits (Jiajika and Bailongshan) in the West Kunlun – Songpan – Garzê rare‐metal belt and is ascribed to melting of ancient crustal materials in the basement. These late‐Triassic mineralizing events were closely related to the collision‐related tectonic setting at the northeastern margin of the Tibetan‐Qinghai Plateau, a product of Paleo‐Tethys Ocean closure.
The current pathogenicity and potential risk evaluation of Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever virus to cause mysterious “Disease X”—An updated literature review
Authors: Jannath Sanjida , Islam Md. Rabiul
Published: June 2024

Background and Aims

Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a severe and potentially lethal illness. Tick bites of the Hyalomma genus are the primary source of transmission of CCHF to humans. The virus responsible for CCHF is the CCHF virus (CCHFV). It is a single‐stranded negative sensed RNA virus. The virus belongs to the Orthonairoviridae genus within the Nairoviridae family. It occurs in an extensive geographical area spanning the Middle East, western China, southern Asia, southeastern Europe, and much of Africa. The current study aimed to evaluate the pathogenicity and potential risk of CCHFV to cause a public health emergency of international concern.

Methods

We searched updated relevant information from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases using Crimean‐Congo hemorrhagic fever, tick‐borne virus, and Nairovirus as keywords.

Results

The case fatality rate (CFR) varies by region. It can be more than 30% in some cases. Three segments in the genome of CCHFV (L, M, and S) are different in size and function. It is unknown whether the pathogenicity of CCHFV varied based on the genomic diversity. CCHFV can be transmitted through tick bites, handling of infected ticks, contact with infected humans, contaminated body fluids, and so on. A wide range of severity is associated with CCHF, ranging from a moderate fever with no apparent cause to increased vascular permeability, failure of several organs, bleeding, and shock. Hospitals with high‐level isolation units should be the first choice for treating CCHF patients. Individual safety equipment is crucial in healthcare to prevent the spread of the virus. In the farm environment, using integrated pest management techniques, minimizing activity in tick‐infested regions, and dressing appropriately in long sleeves and pants will help to reduce the risk of CCHFV infection via tick bites.

Conclusion

There are no approved vaccinations or therapeutics for CCHF except supportive therapeutic approaches. Therefore, scientists recommend early ribavirin therapy for cases of high‐risk exposures.
Reactivity of HLADR antibody manifests expression of surface MHC II molecules on peripheral blood T lymphocytes in new world monkeys
Authors: Chitta Sriram , Nehete Bharti P. , Delise Ashley B. , Simmons Joe H. , Nehete Pramod N.
Published: June 2024

Background

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules expressed on B cells, monocytes and dendritic cells present processed peptides to CD4+ T cells as one of the mechanisms to combat infection and inflammation.

Aim

To study MHC II expression in a variety of nonhuman primate species, including New World (NWM) squirrel monkeys (Saimiri boliviensis boliviensis), owl monkeys (Aotus nancymae), common marmosets (Callithrix spp.), and Old World (OWM) rhesus (Macaca mulatta), baboons (Papio anubis).

Methods

Two clones of cross‐reactive mouse anti‐human HLADR monoclonal antibodies (mAb) binding were analyzed by flow cytometry to evaluate MHC II expression on NHP immune cells, including T lymphocytes in whole blood (WB) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).

Results

MHC class II antibody reactivity is seen with CD20+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes and CD3+ T lymphocytes. Specific reactivity with both clones was demonstrated in T lymphocytes: this reactivity was not inhibited by purified CD16 antibody but was completely inhibited when pre‐blocked with purified unconjugated MHC II antibody. Freshly prepared PBMC also showed reactivity with T lymphocytes without any stimulation. Interestingly, peripheral blood from rhesus macaques and olive baboons (OWM) showed no such T lymphocyte associated MHCII antibody reactivity.

Discussion & Conclusion

Our results from antibody (MHC II) reactivity clearly show the potential existence of constitutively expressed (with no stimulation) MHC II molecules on T lymphocytes in new world monkeys. These results suggest that additional study is warranted to evaluate the functional and evolutionary significance of these finding and to better understand MHC II expression on T lymphocytes in new world monkeys.
A cross‐sectional study of academic success measures, grit, and resilience among US dental students
Authors: McKenzie Carly Timmons , Cruz Walma David Alexandre
Published: June 2024

Purpose

This study explored themes previously identified as central to holistic professional school success, as related to traditional academic achievement, resilience, and grit measures.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study surveyed third‐ and fourth‐year US dental students. Items addressed themes previously identified as central to professional school success, including need for cognition, patient ownership, collective orientation, grit, and resilience. Traditional academic metrics were also included. Statistical analyses comprised one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), simple linear regression, and stepwise multiple regression procedures.

Results

A total of 126 students participated (81% response rate). Collective orientation, need for cognition, patient ownership, and resilience did not significantly correlate with grade point average (GPA), whereas grit did, r = 0.29. Need for cognition and patient ownership combined significantly predicted grit with approximately 35% of variance explained. Approximately 25% of variance in resilience scores was accounted for by need for cognition, coupled with collective orientation. Grit and resilience significantly correlated, r = 0.59.

Conclusions

Grit significantly predicted both traditional and alternative metrics of success among dental students, particularly need for cognition and patient ownership. A high need for cognition is consistent among students who display both grit and resilience. Neither resilience nor the alternative measures of success predicted traditional academic metrics.
Dysregulation of miR‐146a in human milk of mothers having children with autism
Authors: Meguid Nagwa A. , Hemimi Maha , Rashad Mahmoud , Elsaeid Amal , Elpatrik Gina , Zeidan Hala M.
Published: June 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of neurobehavioral manifestations that impose poor social interaction and stereotyped repetitive patterns. Several mircoRNA (miRNA) dysregulations underpin ASD pathophysiology via impairing the neurogenic niches. For instance, miR‐146a and miR‐106 differential expressions are linked to deregulation of ASD‐related genes and the severity of clinical symptoms, respectively. Breastfeeding provides newborns with many bioactive compounds that support their neurodevelopment including miRNA. Our pilot study evaluated the expression pattern of miR‐106a and miR‐146a in human milk (HM) of nursing mothers (n = 36) having autistic children compared to age‐matched counterparts (n = 36) with neurotypical children as controls. Under sterile conditions, breast milk samples were collected using manual sucking pumps and centrifuged to separate the fat layer. Total RNA was extracted from the lipid fraction, and the expression profiles of both miR‐106a and miR‐146a were evaluated using quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction. Among the test group, we reported some factors that were previously linked to HM miRNA perturbations: gestational diabetes, hypertension, and cesarean delivery. HM miR‐106a showed comparable expression levels in both mother groups (p = 0.8681), whereas HM miR‐146a was significantly downregulated in mothers with autistic children compared to controls (p = 0.0399). Alternatively, HM miR‐106 levels were positively associated with two ASD clinical parameters: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and communication and language domain of Autism Diagnostic Interview‐Revised (ADI‐R) (r = 0.6452, p = 0.0003 and r = 0.3958, p = 0.0410, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of both maternal HM miR‐106a and miR‐146a showed poor fitness as predictive biomarkers for ASD. Our findings suggest that the miR‐146a differential expression in ASD children may originate at infancy during the lactation period. Thus, maternal pre‐ and postnatal health care is critical to maintain optimal miRNome in breast milk.
Vitamin B12: prevention of human beings from lethal diseases and its food application
Authors: Harikrishnan S , Kaushik Deepika , Kumar Mukul , Kaur Jasjit , Oz Emel , Proestos Charalampos , Elobeid Tahra , Karakullukcu Omur Fatih , Oz Fatih
Published: June 2024

Vitamin B12, a water‐soluble essential micronutrient, plays a pivotal role in numerous physiological processes in the human body. This review meticulously examines the structural complexity and the diverse mechanisms through which vitamin B12 exerts its preventive effects against a spectrum of health conditions, including pernicious anaemia, neurological disorders, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidaemia and complications in foetal development. The selection of articles for this review was conducted through a systematic search across multiple scientific databases, including PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. Criteria for inclusion encompassed relevance to the biochemical impact of vitamin B12 on health, peer‐reviewed status and publication within the last decade. Exclusion criteria were non‐English articles and studies lacking empirical evidence. This stringent selection process ensured a comprehensive analysis of vitamin B12's multifaceted impact on health, covering its structure, bioavailable forms and mechanisms of action. Clinical studies highlighting its therapeutic potential, applications in food fortification and other utilizations are also discussed, underscoring the nutrient's versatility. This synthesis aims to provide a clear understanding of the integral role of vitamin B12 in maintaining human health and its potential in clinical and nutritional applications. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Characterization of the orientation dependence of magnetization transfer measures in single and crossing‐fiber white matter
Authors: Karan Philippe , Edde Manon , Gilbert Guillaume , Barakovic Muhamed , Magon Stefano , Descoteaux Maxime
Published: June 2024

Purpose

To fully characterize the orientation dependence of magnetization transfer (MT) and inhomogeneous MT (ihMT) measures in the whole white matter (WM), for both single‐fiber and crossing‐fiber voxels.

Methods

A characterization method was developed using the fiber orientation obtained from diffusion MRI (dMRI) with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and constrained spherical deconvolution. This allowed for characterization of the orientation dependence of measures in all of WM, regardless of the number of fiber orientation in a voxel. Furthermore, the orientation dependence inside 31 different WM bundles was characterized to evaluate the homogeneity of the effect. Variation of the results within and between‐subject was assessed from a 12‐subject dataset.

Results

Previous results for single‐fiber voxels were reproduced and a novel characterization was produced in voxels of crossing fibers, which seems to follow trends consistent with single‐fiber results. Heterogeneity of the orientation dependence across bundles was observed, but homogeneity within similar bundles was also highlighted. Differences in behavior between MT and ihMT measures, as well as the ratio and saturation versions of these, were noted.

Conclusion

Orientation dependence characterization was proven possible over the entirety of WM. The vast range of effects and subtleties of the orientation dependence on MT measures showed the need for, but also the challenges of, a correction method.
Enhancement in mechanical properties of GFRP‐coal‐derived graphene oxide composites by addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes and halloysite nanotubes: A comparative study
Authors: Garg Anushka , Basu Soumen , Mahajan Roop L. , Mehta Rajeev
Published: June 2024

In this study, we compare synergistic performance of two different nanofillers, namely halloysite nanotubes (HNT) clay and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), in conjunction with a fixed concentration (0.125 phr) of semi‐anthracite coal‐derived graphene oxide (AC‐GO) on mechanical properties improvement of EGFPs (E‐glass fiber‐based epoxy resin composites). The dispersion of AC‐GO with HNT clay (GO‐H) and AC‐GO with MWCNT (GO‐C) within epoxy matrix was achieved using sonication and homogenization. Further mixture was incorporated into mats of E‐glass fiber employing “vacuum‐assisted resin infusion molding” (VARIM). Significant enhancements (18.3% flexural strength, 14.6% tensile strength, and a slight increase of impact strength (1.8%)) were observed in EGFPs reinforced with GO‐H at 0.50 phr loading of HNT, with an AC‐GO concentration maintained at 0.125 phr. Correspondingly, optimal values for GO‐C reinforced EGFPs at 0.25 phr were 40.3%, 18.7%, and a 10.5% decrease in impact strength, respectively. Analytical techniques such as XRD, FESEM, EDX mapping, and FTIR reveal presence of relatively abundant functionalities and strong interfacial adhesion in GO‐H as well as GO‐C. The cost of HNT clay is approximately 15 times cheaper than industrial‐grade MWCNTs, therefore, these results underscore potential of GO‐H as a very economical nano‐reinforcement alternative to GO‐C for polymer nanocomposites.

Highlights

0.50 phr HAGRP improves 18.3% flexural, 14.6% tensile, 1.8% impact strengths.

Beyond 0.50 phr HAGRP and 0.25 phr CAGRP, mechanical properties decreased.

0.25 phr CAGRP improves 40.3% flexural, and18.7% tensile strengths.

FESEM, FTIR reveal strong interfacial adhesion between nanofillers and epoxy.

GO‐H has proven to be an inexpensive reinforcement for polymer nanocomposites.
Effect of electromagnetic force installation method on critically reinforced interference sizes and fatigue behavior of CFRP bolted joints
Authors: Wang Xiaohe , Cao Zengqiang , Guo Yingjiang , Huo Lubin , Yu Mengchen , Cao Yuejie
Published: June 2024

The electromagnetic force dynamic installation (DI) method of interference fit fasteners has significant advantages in improving the quality of the assembly interface of composite structure. This study aims to investigate how improving assembly interface quality may help in achieving high‐precision interference‐fit joints in composites. Single‐lap joint specimens were prepared using electromagnetic installation technique, the fatigue life and failure behaviors of the joints under different bolt‐hole clearances were measured and analyzed experimentally. In addition, a three‐dimensional finite element model was developed to predict the radial pre‐compression stresses around the hole and the progressive failure behavior of various typical damage modes in carbon fiber‐reinforced polymer induced by the interference. The results show that the critical interference range for the DI‐composite bolted structure is 1.0%–1.2%. The fatigue life of the best interference (1.0%) and the worst interference (0%, neat fit) have a difference of 36 times in amplitude. The residual stress with uniform distribution and high amplitude reduces the stress concentration of the hole wall and improves the failure evolution of the loaded hole. The contribution of this study provides vital guidance for improving the fatigue performance of CFRP bolted structures using a novel DI method.

Highlights

I = 1.0% is the critical damage‐enhancing interference size for dynamically installation interference fit bolts with electromagnetic forces.

The residual stress amplitude introduced by the interference does not increase uniformly as the interference size increases. Excessive interference significantly reduces the uniformity and magnitude of residual stresses.

Under subsequent cyclic loading, the fifth layer near the inlet and outlet of the extruded lower laminate appears to be the critical ply of extrusion deformation, and severe damage is concentrated in the critical ply of deformation.

The decrease of stress amplitude and the variation of mean stress are the mechanisms of fatigue life enhancement in interference fit joints under external cyclic loading.
Nanostructured K‐Doped ZnO Thin Films: Synthesis and Investigations
Authors: Kayani Zohra Nazir , Akram Ayesha , Bashir Zainab , Waseem Salma , Riaz Saira , Naseem Shahzad
Published: June 2024

The present research describes the optical, structural, dielectric, photocatalytic, and antibacterial characteristics of potassium‐doped ZnO thin films synthesized via sol–gel dip coating technique with a K doping concentration of (1, 2, 3, 4, 5) wt%. Thin films are annealed at optimized temperatures. K‐doped ZnO has a hexagonal wurtzite phase having a preferential orientation along the (101) plane. The size of the crystallite decreases as the potassium doping percentage rises. Optical analysis reveals that the bandgap decreases when the quantity of K doping in ZnO increases. Dielectric constant experiments show that when the K doping % is raised, AC conductivity of thin films rises as well. Thin film resistivity and Hall coefficient decrease with increasing K concentration, but conductivity, mobility, and carrier concentration rise. Gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacteria are both responsive to K‐doped ZnO. With such antibacterial properties, K‐doped ZnO can be used in biomedicine and to protect the environment. The methylene blue dye is effectively degraded by the photocatalyst K‐doped ZnO, making it useful for removing pollution from wastewater.
Plasmon Dynamics in Electron‐Doped Graphene and AA‐ versus AB‐Stacked Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Liu Chang‐Ting , Lin Chiun‐Yan , Chiu Chih‐Wei
Published: June 2024

This study investigates low‐frequency plasmons and single‐particle excitations (SPEs) in monolayer and bilayer graphene with various stacking configurations. The dynamics of wave propagation under different time‐dependent perturbation scenarios are elucidated using the random‐phase approximation dielectric function and tight‐binding Hamiltonian. The modulation of coherent excitations, particularly affecting plasmon waves, provides insights into the spatial and temporal dynamics on graphene sheets. A 2D acoustic plasmon mode is observed in monolayer graphene under extrinsic doping effects, while in bilayer graphene, it is accompanied by higher frequency optical plasmons. The predicted dynamic behavior, indicative of plasmon resonance, SPEs, and Landau damping with respect to stacking and doping effects, can be detected through ultrafast coherent dynamics observed via nanoimaging and nanospectroscopy techniques.
Li‐decorated black phosphorene: A promising platform for gas molecule adsorption
Authors: Ebrahimi Atefe , Izadyar Mohammad
Published: June 2024

Using density functional theory, we investigated the adsorption of different gases, including CO, CO2, H2S, NO2, and SO2, on decorated phosphorene with various alkali metals such as Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs. Gas molecules are physisorbed on phosphorene and, according to calculations, alkali metal decoration significantly improves the adsorption of gas molecules by phosphorene due to the reinforcement of interface interactions. Based on the stability criterion (ΔEads), the preference for choosing the best decorated phosphorene system for adsorbing different gases can be arranged as follows: Li > Na > K > Rb > Cs. Li‐phosphorene is the most stable decorated system, and due to its higher binding energy in complexation with CO, CO2, H2S, NO2, and SO2, Li‐decorated phosphorene shows greater potential in absorbing these gases. Donor‐acceptor interactions analysis has confirmed that the origin of stability can be attributed to molecular orbital interactions between these metals and the phosphorene surface (201.69 kcal mol‐1). Based on the calculated adsorption energies, Li‐decoration on black phosphorene has the most significant adsorption value for CO (−2.48 eV). Finally, Li has been suggested as the most suitable phosphorene decorator for enhanced gas molecule adsorption or detection.
Integrated quantum chemical calculations, predictive toxicity assessment, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity profiling and molecular docking analysis to unveil the therapeutic potential of non‐oxovanadium(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes targeting breast cancer cells
Authors: Thakur Maridula , Kumari Shalima , Kumar Sachin , Kumari Meena
Published: June 2024

In this work, theoretical calculations of o‐phenylphenol‐based non‐oxovanadium(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes, previously prepared and reported by our group, have been carried out by density functional theory (DFT). Density functional theory quantum chemical computations were used to explore the structural and spectroscopic characteristics of the complexes in this study. The inhibitory nature of complexes were revealed via molecular docking research, which were performed against selected breast cancer cell proteins, 5NWH and 3HB5. The optimization and stability of complexes 1–6, were conducted using optimized DFT/B3LYP/6–311++G (d, p) level. Simulated computations of the molecular electrostatic potential surface were also performed to analyze the reactive behavior of the non‐oxovanadium(IV) and organotin(IV) complexes. The stability and molecular reactivity of the molecules were computed using the HOMO‐LUMO energies, energy gap, chemical potential (μ), electronegativity (χ), hardness (η), and softness (S) values. In silico analysis through molecular docking, ADMET properties and toxicity evaluation was used to assess its anticancer activity, drug‐likeness property and toxicity. The binding constant value, evaluated from molecular docking, was found to be very promising, −10.1 kcal mol−1 observed for vanadium complex 5 and the complexes were found to exhibit inhibition constant as low as 0.0378 μMol. Root‐mean‐square deviation (RMSD) has been carried out to validate molecular docking studies, which have been found to be below 2.0 Å for the complexes, indicating successful docking of the ligand‐protein complex by the program. The complexes, evaluated for their toxicity behavior in terms of Lethal Dose, based on Globally Harmonized System (GHS), have been found to be chemical safe falling under the category III and V and hence can find use as future metallo‐based drugs.
ZIF‐8 Composites for the Removal of Wastewater Pollutants
Authors: Ahmad Umar , Ullah Sami , Rehman Azizur , Najam Tayyaba , Alarfaji Saleh S , Jamshaid Muhammad , Parkash Kumar Ome , Ullah Sultan , Shahid Misbah , Ahmad Shah Syed Shoaib , Altaf Nazir Muhammad
Published: June 2024

The presence of dyes in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge due to their permanence toxicity and potential to harm ecosystems. Because of their high porosity and adjustable characteristics, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have become attractive materials for effective dye removal. Among various MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have garnered significant attention, especially ZIF‐8, for its excellent stability, significant porosity, adjustable pore size and remarkable adsorption capacity. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the implementation of ZIF‐8 and its composites for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The various synthesis methods, structural characteristics and dye adsorption performance of ZIF‐8 and its composites are discussed. Furthermore, impact of the different factors such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, contact time etc. were also highlighted. Moreover, the detailed adsorption mechanism was also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the production of materials based on ZIF‐8 for the removal of dyes were also presented.
Determination of Hot Workability of 5Cr5MoSiV1 Steel Based on Hot Processing Map
Authors: Shang Yong , Wang Mingjia , Hao Lianjing , Liu Zhongli , Wen Lu , Sun Zhihui , Sun Chaoyang
Published: June 2024

The evaluation of the hot workability of 5Cr5MoSiV1 steel with high deformation resistance is crucial for the controllability of the hot forging process. Based on the isothermal compression at deformation temperature of 950–1200 °C and strain rate of 0.01–10 s−1, the flow behavior of 5Cr5MoSiV1 steel is demonstrated. As the strain rate increases, the typical characteristics of the true stress–strain curve indicate that the dynamic softening mechanism changes from dynamic recrystallization to dynamic recovery. Moreover, the hot working window determined by the hot processing map from the modified J–C constitutive model is constructed for the forging process of the material. Through microstructure verification, the optimal hot working window is within the range of deformation temperature from 1000 to 1185 °C and strain rate from 0.01 to 0.202 s−1. Furthermore, the forging upsetting tests of the large cylindrical specimens are used to confirm the insecurity of hot deformation parameters outside the optimum hot working window. The implementation of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the determination of hot forging process parameters for 5Cr5MoSiV1 steel.
Design of Quenching and Tempering Process and Elucidation of the Relationship between Microstructure and Properties of 20Mn2SiNiMo Bainitic Wheel Steel
Authors: Gao Bo , Tan Zhunli , Zhu Jiaqi , Tian Yu , Liu Yanru , Wang Rui , Zhang Min , Zhao Hai , Li Zhaodong
Published: June 2024

The rapid development of train transportation toward higher speed and heavier load requires superior wheel materials with high strength and toughness. Herein, a 20Mn2SiNiMo bainitic wheel steel is developed and bainitic wheels are produced. The quenching and tempering process of bainitic wheels is studied considering the bainitic ferrite content and stability of retained austenite (RA). The quenching process includes water spraying and air cooling. Proeutectoid ferrite can be suppressed during the water‐spraying process. During air cooling, the bainitic ferrite transformation is promoted and the stability of RA is improved with the extension of cooling time. Corresponding microstructure of as‐quenched steel at wheel rim is bainite with different morphologies, martensite, and RA. The evolution of RA at lower and higher tempering temperatures is dominated by carbon enrichment and carbon consumption, respectively. Yield strength of bainitic wheel steel mainly comes from body‐centered cubic phase (containing martensite and bainitic ferrite). The increase of dislocation density and the decrease of effective grain size are beneficial for yield strength improvement. Bainitic packets with various direction, deformation‐induced martensite transformation of RA, and plastic deformation all play an important role in enhancing the toughness of bainitic wheel steel.
Aggregation Behavior of Inclusions on the Surface of Liquid‐Oriented Silicon Steel: An In Situ Observation
Authors: Liu Qing , Wang Min , Pang Weiguang , Yao Cheng , Xing Lidong , Bao Yanping
Published: June 2024

The dynamic behavior of nonmetallic inclusions at the bubble–steel interface is a key factor contributing to the formation of large‐sized inclusions or clustered particles and is particularly important for the production of high‐quality‐oriented silicon steel. In this study, high‐temperature confocal laser scanning microscopy is employed for in situ observation of the agglomeration behavior of Al2O3 inclusions of varying sizes. The critical distance of attraction decreases with the decrease in inclusion size. The effects of particle size, distance, surface tension, density, and different types of inclusions on the capillary force are explored in detail using the Kralchevsky–Paunov model. In the model results, it is highlighted that the degree of influence among the factors affecting the capillary force decreases in the following order: contact angle > size > distance > density > surface tension. Furthermore, the observed results are compared with the model calculation results. The trends of the model calculations and the experimental results show good agreement, but most of the experimental values are higher than the theoretical values. The errors primarily stem from inclusion shape, interference from other inclusion forces, and interactions between the crucible wall and inclusions.
Aktuelle Stahlbauforschung für die Offshore‐Windenergie
Authors: Schaumann Peter , Böhm Manuela , Schierl Christopher , Shojai Sulaiman
Published: June 2024

Der vorliegende Aufsatz gibt zunächst einen Überblick über die derzeitige und zukünftige Entwicklung in der Offshore‐Windenergie. Der Schwerpunkt liegt auf den stählernen Tragstrukturen. Hier dominieren die sog. Monopiles. Mit deutlich geringerer Anzahl werden Jacket‐Konstruktionen aus Rohrprofilen angewendet. Durch die hohen dynamischen Beanspruchungen und die gleichzeitig widrigen Umgebungsbedingungen auf See ergeben sich stahlbauspezifische Fragestellungen für die Forschung. Das Institut für Stahlbau der Leibniz University Hannover widmet sich diesen Themen seit nunmehr 25 Jahren. In diesem Beitrag werden drei stahlbautypische Themenstellungen adressiert: Verbindungstechnik, Stabilität und Ermüdung. Es geht zuerst um streckgrenzgesteuertes Anziehen vorgespannter Schraubenverbindungen mit hochfesten Schrauben. Dann wird über die nichtlineare numerische Traglastermittlung von Schalenkonstruktionen unter Axial‐ und Umfangsdruck berichtet, wie sie für die Auslegung von sog. Suction Buckets erforderlich ist. Zuletzt geht es darum, Forschungsarbeiten zur Quantifizierung des Einflusses der Korrosion auf die Ermüdungsfestigkeit vorzustellen.
Enzyme and Microwave Coassisted Extraction, Physicochemical Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Polysaccharides from Baijiu Distillers' Grains
Authors: Li Lian , Zheng Jia , Yao Li , Wang Hong , Lv Yiyi , Huang Guichun , Qiu Shuyi , Zeng Xiangyong , Wei Chaoyang
Published: June 2024

Baijiu distillers' grain is a solid waste after the fermentation of grains, and their high added value and deep processing and utilization require further study. This study uses the enzyme and microwave coassisted method to extract Baijiu distillers' grain polysaccharides (DGPs). Through optimization of the single‐factor test and response surface methodology (RSM), the optimal conditions are solid–liquid ratio 1:30, enzyme time 50 min, enzyme temperature 50 °C, enzyme pH 5.0, microwave time 6 min, and microwave power 480 W, with a maximum DGP yield of 3.98% ± 0.03. DGP is purified by DEAE‐Sepharose cellulose ion exchange chromatography to obtain four fractions, namely DGP‐1, DGP‐2, DGP‐3, and DGP‐4; the molecular weights are 2224.05, 90.99, 1478.16, and 346.19 kDa, respectively, and the main monosaccharide components are Man and Glc. The antioxidant assay shows that the four kinds of DGPs have different free radical scavenging capacities, among which DGP‐2, DGP‐3, and DGP‐4 have good antioxidant activities. Therefore, DGP can be used as a potential natural antioxidant.
Uncovering gaps in women's authorship: A big data analysis in academic surgery
Authors: Freire Camila Verônica S. , Campos Letícia Nunes , Rangel Ayla Gerk , Naus Abbie , Wagemaker Sofia , Brandão Gabriela Rangel , Schlindwein Sofia Schmitt , Feres Brenda , de Araújo Grisi Gabriel , Mooney David P. , Ferreira Júlia Loyola , Ferreira Roseanne
Published: June 2024

Introduction

Women are underrepresented in surgical authorship. Using big data analyses, we aimed to investigate women's representation as first and last authors in surgical publications worldwide and identify underlying predictors.

Methods

We retrieved eligible surgical journals using Scimago Journal & Country Rank 2021. We queried articles indexed in PubMed from selected journals published between January 2018 and April 2022. We used the EDirect tool to extract bibliometric data, including first and last authors' names, primary affiliation country, and publication year. Countries and dependent territories were classified following World Bank income levels and regions. Women's representation was predicted from forenames using the Gender‐API software. Citations were included if gender accuracy was ≥80%.

Results

We analyzed 210,853 citations containing both first and last authors' forenames, representing 158 countries and 14 territories. Women constituted 23.8% (50,161/210,853) of the first and 14.7% (31,069/210,853) of the last authors. High‐income economies had more women as first authors than other income categories (p < 0.001), but fewer women as last authors than upper‐middle‐ and lower‐middle‐income economies (p < 0.001). The odds of the first author being a woman were more than three times higher when the last author was also a woman (OR 3.21, 95% CI 3.13–3.30) and vice versa (OR 3.25, 95% CI 3.16–3.34) after adjusting for income level and publication year.

Conclusions

Women remain globally underrepresented in surgical authorship. Our findings urge concerted global efforts to overcome identified disparities.
Last Tendencies in Acquiring Text Competence in the Field of Tourism. The Case of Chatbots and AI
Authors: de la Torre Madueño María Dolores Fernández
Published: June 2024

Our aim is to propose the usage of generative Artificial Intelligence, hereafter AI, while lecturing, as a complement to the traditional methodology, to ease technological skills acquisition in the related AI. Widely spread in all aspects of cultural life and professional praxis worldwide, it is of key importance in the training of our professional to be. In Malaga University’s Degree of Tourism, in subjects dealing with English for tourism management, we shall concentrate on chatbots aided by AI, in order to make a literary review to see the state of the question and to reflect on the needed changes to implement these tools. We shall try to outline the characteristics, possibilities, advantages and disadvantages, and the influence on both students and lecturers alike of the usage of AI in chatbots to deal with outcoming texts. Direct interaction with the tools will be highlighted. Of key importance is training lecturers in the productive use of “prompt engineering”. To conclude, handling specialised texts in the field of tourism by means of chatbots might help lecturers’ awareness and responsibility for right use to obtain semi-specialised and specialised texts in the field of tourism in order to understand, extract and evaluate its pertinence.
Capturing the Wealth and Diversity of Learning Processes with Learning Analytics Methods
Authors: López-Pernas Sonsoles , Misiejuk Kamila , Kaliisa Rogers , Conde-González Miguel Ángel , Saqr Mohammed
Published: June 2024

The unique position of learning analytics at the intersection of education and computer science while reaching out to several other disciplines such as statistics, psychometrics, econometrics, mathematics, and linguistics has accelerated the growth and expansion of the field. Therefore, it is a crucial endeavor for learning analytics researchers to stay abreast of the latest methodological and computational advances to drive their research forward. The diversity and complexity of the existing methods can make this task overwhelming both for newcomers to the learning analytics field and for experienced researchers. With the motivation to accompany researchers in this challenging journey, the book “Learning Analytics Methods and Tutorials—A Practical Guide Using R” aims to provide a methodological guide for researchers to study, consult, and take the first steps toward innovation in the learning analytics field. Thanks to the unique wealth of authors’ backgrounds and expertise, which include authors of R packages and experts in methods and applications, the book offers a comprehensive array of methods that are described thoroughly with a primer on their usage in prior research in education. These methods include sequence analysis, Markov models, factor analysis, process mining, network analysis, predictive modeling, and cluster analysis among others. A step-by-step tutorial using the R programming language with real-life datasets and case studies is presented for each method. In addition, the initial chapters are devoted to getting novice researchers up to speed with the R programming learners and the basics of data analysis. The present chapter serves as an introduction to the book describing its main aim and intended audience. It describes the structure of the book and the methods covered by each chapter. It also points the readers to the companion code and data repositories to facilitate following the tutorials present in the book chapter.
Psychological Networks: A Modern Approach to Analysis of Learning and Complex Learning Processes
Authors: Saqr Mohammed , Beck Emorie , López-Pernas Sonsoles
Published: June 2024

In the examination of psychological phenomena within educational environments, a multitude of variables come into play, and these variables have the potential to interact with, trigger, and exert influence on one another. To grasp the complex dependencies among these variables, investigating the linear associations between each variable pair is not enough. Instead, this complexity demands the application of more advanced techniques that capture the full spectrum of interactions between these variables. One of such techniques is psychological networks. In contrast to social networks, where nodes typically represent individuals and edges signify their interactions or relationships, psychological networks differ in that the nodes represent observed psychological variables, and the edges denote the statistical relationships between them. This chapter serves as an introduction to psychological networks within educational research, offering a tutorial on their estimation, visualization, and interpretation using the R programming language.
Performance Analyzes of Thermodynamic Indices and Atmospheric Parameters in Thunderstorm and Non-thunderstorm Days in Istanbul, Turkey
Authors: Yavuz Veli
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze the thunderstorm (TS) events in the megacity Istanbul by using thermodynamic indices and atmospheric stability parameters for the period of 2001–2022. It was determined that TS events did not show any trend on an annual basis, mostly (%69) occurred in the warm season (May–September), and mostly (%93) lasted for a few hours (0–3 h). The thermodynamic indices and atmospheric stability parameters used in the study are Showalter Index (SI), Lifted Index (LI), Severe Weather Threat Index (SWEAT), K-Index (KI), Totals Totals Index (TTI), Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE), Convective Inhibition (CIN), and Bulk Richardson Number (BRN). Annual and seasonal analyzes of all indices and parameters were performed for TS and non-TS events. Significant differences were found in both average, maximum, and minimum values. The Probability of Detection (POD), False Alarm Ratio (FAR), Miss Rate (MR), Critical Success Index (CIS), Hiedke Skill Score (HSS), and True Skill Score (TSS) were used to analyze the success of the threshold values presented in the literature in detecting TS events. Then, the seasonal successes of these threshold values were tested. It was observed that the performance of the selected indices varied across seasons. The highest predictive skill was generally observed during the summer season, with the POD value ranging between 0.58 and 0.97 and the TSS value varying between 0.32 and 0.57. Conversely, the lowest predictive skill was typically observed during the winter season, where the POD value ranged from 0.00 to 0.75 and the TSS value varied between 0.00 and 0.40. The ideal threshold values were determined for indices and parameters by increasing or decreasing the existing threshold values at certain rates. Success increases of up to 15% in skill scores for the proposed threshold values.
Arbeitsschutz für Rechtsmedizinerinnen während Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit – Teil 2: praktische Empfehlungen
Authors: Schäffer Benno , Ochmann Uta , Graw Matthias
Published: June 2024

Hintergrund

Arbeitsschutz in Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit bedarf der Zusammenarbeit von Arbeitgeber, Betriebsarzt und Schwangeren oder Stillenden.

Methode

Die Arbeit beruht auf selektiver Literaturrecherche. Praktische Empfehlungen wurden herausgearbeitet.

Ergebnisse

Der Arbeitgeber beurteilt den Arbeitsplatz nach mutterschutzrelevanten Gefährdungen. Dies umfasst u. a. Infektionsgefährdung und Gefahrstoffe. Eine Positivliste enthält alle Tätigkeiten, die Schwangere und Stillende in einem bestimmten Arbeitsbereich ausführen können.

Diskussion

Die manuelle Teilnahme an der Präparation kann möglich sein. Dies obliegt grundsätzlich der Gefährdungsbeurteilung durch den Arbeitgeber. Betriebsärzte können auch hierbei unterstützen.
LINC00525 enhances ZNF460-regulated CD24 expression through the sponge miR-125a-5p to promote malignant progression of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Shi Ji , Xiang Yuan , Wang Zhi-Wen , Qi Fei-Fei , Li Zi-Yi , Zhao Li-Li , Zhu Guan-Hua , Duan Yuan-Yuan , Yang Zhong-Yi , Li Jia-Peng , Liao Xing-Hua
Published: June 2024

Introduction

CD24 is a highly glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored membrane protein that plays an important role in tumor progression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of abnormal expression of CD24 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of breast cancer (BC) cells, and the molecular mechanism of regulating CD24 expression in breast cancer.

Methodology

The bioinformatics method was used to predict the expression level of CD24 in BC and its relationship with the occurrence and development of BC. IHC, RT-qPCR and WB were used to detect the expression of CD24 in BC tissues and cells. The proliferation of CD24 was evaluated by CCK-8 and colony formation assay, and the migration and invasion of CD24 were evaluated by wound healing and transwell. In addition, the effect of CD24 on the malignancy of BC in vivo was further evaluated by subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay. Molecular mechanisms were measured by luciferase reporter assays, biotin-labeled miRNA pull-down assay, RIP, and western blotting.

Results

The results show that CD24 is highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, and knockdown of CD24 in vivo and in vitro can inhibit the proliferation, migration and invasion of BC cells. Mechanistically, the transcription factor ZNF460 promotes its expression by binding to the CD24 promoter, and the expression of ZNF460 is regulated by miR-125a-5p, which inhibits its expression by targeting the 3’UTR of ZNF460. In addition, LINC00525 acts as a ceRNA sponge to adsorb miR-125a-5p and regulate its expression.

Conclusions

Overexpression of CD24 is involved in the development and poor prognosis of BC, which can be used as a potential target for the treatment of BC and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of BC.