bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MINIMAL ENDOILLUMINATION LEVELS AND DISPLAY LUMINOUS EMITTANCE DURING THREE-DIMENSIONAL HEADS-UP VITREORETINAL SURGERY
Authors: Adam Murtaza K. , Thornton Sarah , Regillo Carl D. , Park Carl , Ho Allen C. , Hsu Jason
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

To determine minimal endoillumination levels required to perform 3-dimensional heads-up vitreoretinal surgery and to correlate endoillumination levels used for measurements of heads-up display (HUD) luminous emittance.

Methods:

Prospective, observational surgical case series of 10 patients undergoing vitreoretinal surgery. Endoillumination levels were set to 40% of maximum output and were decreased at set intervals until the illumination level was 0%. Corresponding luminous emittance (lux) of the HUD was measured 40 cm from the display using a luxmeter (Dr. Meter, Model #LX1010BS).

Results:

In 9 of 10 cases, the surgeon felt that they could operate comfortably at an endoillumination level of 10% of maximum output with corresponding HUD emittance of 14.3 ± 9.5 lux. In the remaining case, the surgeon felt comfortable at a 3% endoillumination level with corresponding HUD emittance of 15 lux. Below this threshold, subjective image dimness and digital noise limited visibility. Endoillumination levels were correlated with luminous emittance from the 3-dimensional HUD (P < 0.01). The average coefficient of variation of HUD luminance was 0.546. There were no intraoperative complications.

Conclusion:

With real-time digital processing and automated brightness control, 3-dimensional HUD platforms may allow for reduced intraoperative endoillumination levels and a theoretically reduced risk of retinal phototoxicity during vitreoretinal surgery.
MACULAR PERIVENOUS RETINAL WHITENING AND PRESUMED RETINO–CILIARY SPARING IN A RECURRENT CENTRAL RETINAL VEIN OCCLUSION ASSOCIATED WITH THE ANTIPHOSPHOLIPID SYNDROME AND CRYOGLOBULINEMIA
Authors: Sebrow Dov B. , Jung Jesse J. , Horowitz Jason , Odel Jeffrey G. , Freund K. Bailey
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

Macular perivenous retinal whitening results from hypoperfusion-induced ischemia of the middle retina that can occur in central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). We describe an unusual case of recurrent CRVO with macular perivenous retinal whitening and retino–ciliary venous sparing in the setting of 2 prothrombotic diseases, antiphospholipid syndrome and Type II cryoglobulinemia.

Methods:

A 50-year-old man presented with intermittent loss of vision in his right eye related to a recurrent CRVO. Color photography, optical coherence tomography, and fluorescein angiography were performed and compared with those obtained during a previous CRVO that occurred 6 years earlier in the same eye.

Results:

On presentation, visual acuity was hand motion in the right eye, 20/30 in the left eye. Funduscopic examination of the right eye showed vascular tortuosity, scattered retinal hemorrhages, and retinal whitening in the macula. Optical coherence tomography showed hyperreflectivity of the middle layers of the retina that correlated with the areas of retinal whitening. A discrete area of retinal sparing was noted in the superonasal macula that, on fluorescein angiography, corresponded to the distribution of a single retino–ciliary vein. A review of retinal imaging obtained during the patient's previous CRVO showed similar but more subtle findings of retino–ciliary sparing. Laboratory testing revealed antiphospholipid syndrome and Type II cryoglobulinemia. As the patient's CRVO progressed and subsequently stabilized after treatment in the following months, this area of venous sparing remained the only functional, nonischemic retinal tissue in his macula. Presumably, this vein possessed privileged and uncompromised blood flow by circumventing the occluded venous circulation.

Conclusion:

Macular perivenous retinal whitening should be considered in the differential diagnosis of retinal whitening and occurs in CRVO secondary to hypoperfusion-induced middle retinal ischemia. To our knowledge, this case represents the first description of retino–ciliary venous sparing of the retina in CRVO.
Truncation of In Situ Baerveldt Glaucoma Drainage Device for Treatment of Late Persistent Postoperative Hypotony
Authors: Chen Philip P.
Published: November 2016

Purpose:

To describe a new technique to treat late persistent hypotony after Baerveldt glaucoma drainage device surgery.

Methods:

Review of 2 cases treated with in situ truncation of one or both wings of the Baerveldt device, combined with permanent but releasable tube occlusion.

Results:

Two eyes with persistent hypotony underwent in situ truncation of one or both wings of the Baerveldt device with resolution of hypotony. Recurrence of elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in both cases required reversal of tube occlusion, after which the IOP has remained both well controlled and sufficiently elevated to avoid complications of hypotony over 13 and 43 months.

Conclusions:

In situ truncation of Baerveldt drainage device with permanent, releasable tube occlusion offers a safe and effective intervention for eyes with late hypotony, and also allows for maintenance of IOP control long term.
Access to Care and Satisfaction Among Health Center Patients With Chronic Conditions
Authors: Shi Leiyu , Lee De-Chih , Haile Geraldine Pierre , Liang Hailun , Chung Michelle , Sripipatana Alek
Published: November 2016

This study examined access to care and satisfaction among health center patients with chronic conditions. Data for this study were obtained from the 2009 Health Center Patient Survey. Dependent variables of interest included 5 measures of access to and satisfaction with care, whereas the main independent variable was number of chronic conditions. Results of bivariate analysis and multiple logistic regressions showed that patients with chronic conditions had significantly higher odds of reporting access barriers than those without chronic conditions. Our results suggested that additional efforts and resources are necessary to address the needs of health center patients with chronic conditions.
A Medical Device Collective Risk Management Model for Health Care Organizations and Postmarket Oversight
Authors: Wang Binseng
Published: November 2016

Healthcare organizations (HCOs), accreditation organizations (AOs), and national competent authorities (NCAs) have been using risk classification for many years to design and implement management strategies for devices within their inventory or jurisdiction. The initial risk models were focused on severity of harm with little consideration for the probability of failure. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard 14971 gave equal attention to probability and severity and has been effective for manufacturers (original equipment manufacturers [OEMs]) to manage risks associated with the devices they produce and market. However, because of the different scopes from those applicable to OEMs, HCOs, AOs, and NCAs cannot use ISO 14971 without significant adaptations. Furthermore, these organizations also need to use actual postmarket device failure rates and causes collected from their inventory or domain instead of premarket estimates made by OEMs to make their risk assessment pertinent to their reality. To assist HCOs, AOs, and NCAs, a collective risk management model is proposed in this article. First, severity is expanded from individual degree of hazard by combining it with the number of patients potentially affected. Next, the Swiss-cheese model proposed by Reason is used to break up the probability of harm as a combination of probabilities resulting from the postmarket activities of distinct stakeholders (patients, users, healthcare institutions, companies, etc). Finally, failures caused by individuals are segregated from “latent conditions” created by organizational failures. Applying this new model to 24 common device categories found in HCOs shows significantly different results from those obtained from the risk classification methods currently used, as well as from ISO 14971. Thus, it is believed that this collective risk model will allow HCOs, AOs, and NCAs to better determine where they should focus their limited resources to achieve the highest possible degree of safety and best care for their patients.
Clinical Engineer Success Stories
Authors: Waheed Saphia , Swiger James
Published: November 2016

Medical device reporting is a federal regulation requiring manufacturers, importers, and user facilities (hospitals, nursing homes, etc) to report medical device-related adverse events (21 CFR Part 803). User facilities must report adverse events involving medical devices to 1 of 2 entities: the device manufacturer or the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Adverse events that result in serious injury or illness must be reported to the device manufacturer (or the FDA if the manufacturer is unknown), whereas adverse events that result in death must be reported to both the device manufacturer and FDA.
An Original Supporting Frame for Early Mobilization after Lower-Limb Amputation for Musculoskeletal Tumor
Authors: Zati Alessandro , Cavazzuti Lorenzo , Okita Yusuke , Mariani Elisabetta , Benedetti Maria Grazia
Published: November 2016

Background

To facilitate early walking in persons with lower-limb amputations for musculoskeletal tumors, we developed an original supporting frame to use with a commercial pneumatic bag.

Technique

The frame has adjustable modular components for persons with transfemoral and transtibial amputations. We applied it from the fourth day after amputation within the standard rehabilitation program and pain treatment. We assessed the feasibility of using this frame and its safety in 15 oncological participants with lower-limb amputations. Clinical and functional outcomes were assessed at the end of the rehabilitation program and at a mean (SD) of 90 (54) days after amputation.

Results

All the patients could safely use this frame. No wound problems were encountered, no worsening of pain was registered, and clinical and functional evaluation showed a good functional performance.

Conclusion

The use of the original device, conceived for the optimal adjustability with respect to the individual patient sizes and tested in a group of oncological participants with lower-limb amputations, was demonstrated to be feasible and safe
Prevalence and epidemiology of hepatitis D among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection: a report from Northern Spain
Authors: Ordieres Carlos , Navascués Carmen A. , González-Diéguez María L. , Rodríguez Mercedes , Cadahía Valle , Varela María , Rodrigo Luis , Rodríguez Manuel
Published: November 2016

Background

The incidence of hepatitis delta virus (HDV) infection has decreased during the last decades. However, an increasing trend has been reported recently.

Patients and methods

We carried out a case–control study to analyze changes in its prevalence in 1215 chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) patients, diagnosed consecutively in a tertiary center, between 1983 and 2012. According to the year of diagnosis, patients were distributed into two groups: A [1983–1997 (n=786)] and B [1998–2012 (n=429)].

Results

The prevalence of anti-HDV was 8.2% (9.4% in group A and 6.1% in group B) (P=0.04). Multivariate regression revealed that intravenous drug use [odds ratio (OR) 261.0; 95% confidence interval (CI), 28.7–2368.5; P<0.001], blood transfusion (OR 28.0; 95% CI, 2.7–295.9; P=0.03), anti-HIV(+) (OR 4.8; 95% CI, 1.6–14.5; P=0.004), and high alanine aminotransferase (OR 14.4; 95% CI, 3.4–60.6; P<0.001) were associated independently with the presence of anti-HDV in group A, whereas in group B, it was associated with immigration (OR 20.0; 95% CI, 4.7–84.9; P<0.001), intravenous drug use (OR 683.5; 95% CI, 52.7–8855.7; P<0.001), promiscuous sexual activity (OR 22.6; 95% CI, 2.2–228.5; P=0.008), and high alanine aminotransferase (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 1.1–10.0; P=0.02).

Conclusion

Although a significant decrease in the prevalence of HDV infection has been observed, it is still above 5%. Immigration and sexual transmission have emerged as new risk factors for HDV infection.
Inflammation, remodeling, and other factors affecting HDL cholesterol efflux
Authors: Ronsein Graziella E. , Vaisar Tomáš
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

The ability of HDL to promote cholesterol efflux from macrophages is a predictor of cardiovascular risk independent of HDL cholesterol levels. However, the molecular determinants of HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) are largely unknown.

Recent findings

The term HDL defines a heterogeneous population of particles with distinct size, shape, protein, and lipid composition. Cholesterol efflux is mediated by multiple pathways that may be differentially modulated by HDL composition. Furthermore, different subpopulations of HDL particles mediate CEC via specific pathways, but the molecular determinants of CEC, either proteins or lipids, are unclear. Inflammation promotes a profound remodeling of HDL and impairs overall HDL CEC while improving ATP-binding cassette transporter G1-mediated efflux. This review discusses recent findings that connect HDL composition and CEC.

Data from recent animal and human studies clearly show that multiple factors associate with CEC including individual proteins, lipid composition, as well as specific particle subpopulations. Although acute inflammation remodels HDL and impairs CEC, chronic inflammation has more subtle effects. Standardization of assays measuring HDL composition and CEC is a necessary prerequisite for understanding the factors controlling HDL CEC. Unraveling these factors may help the development of new therapeutic interventions improving HDL function.
Inherited and acquired disorders of magnesium homeostasis
Authors: Wolf Matthias Tilmann Florian
Published: November 2016

Purpose of review

Magnesium (Mg2+) imbalances are frequently overlooked. Hypermagnesemia usually occurs in preeclamptic women after Mg2+ therapy or in end-stage renal disease patients, whereas hypomagnesemia is more common with a prevalence of up to 15% in the general population. Increasing evidence points toward a role for mild-to-moderate chronic hypomagnesemia in the pathogenesis of hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome.

Recent findings

The kidneys are the major regulator of total body Mg2+ homeostasis. Over the last decade, the identification of the responsible genes in rare genetic disorders has enhanced our understanding of how the kidney handles Mg2+. The different genetic disorders and medications contributing to abnormal Mg2+ homeostasis are reviewed.

As dysfunctional Mg2+ homeostasis contributes to the development of many common human disorders, serum Mg2+ deserves closer monitoring. Hypomagnesemic patients may be asymptomatic or may have mild symptoms. In severe hypomagnesemia, patients may present with neurological symptoms such as seizures, spasms, or cramps. Renal symptoms include nephrocalcinosis and impaired renal function. Most conditions affect tubular Mg2+ reabsorption by disturbing the lumen-positive potential in the thick ascending limb or the negative membrane potential in the distal convoluted tubule.
Prevalence and Impact of Functional Abdominal Pain Disorders in Children With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD‐FAPD)
Authors: Watson Kevin L. , Kim Sandra C. , Boyle Brendan M. , Saps Miguel
Published: November 2016

Objectives:

We sought to describe the prevalence of the overlap of functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPDs) in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), a condition we have designated as IBD‐FAPD. We also aimed to describe the psychological profile of this group, and to assess predictors of disease and the impact of IBD‐FAPD on quality of life.

Methods:

This cross‐sectional prospective study included patients ages 8 to 18 years with a diagnosis of IBD. Disease activity was assessed by physician's global assessment, laboratory studies, and abbreviated Pediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index or Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index scoring. Age‐appropriate validated questionnaires were used to diagnose FAPDs according to the Rome III criteria, depression, anxiety symptoms, and quality of life.

Results:

There were 128 patients recruited. Eighty‐one (63%) completed questionnaires (36 girls; 45 boys; mean age 14.4 ± 2.6 years) (62 Crohn disease, 19 ulcerative colitis). The prevalence of IBD‐FAPD in clinical remission was 26% (17 Crohn disease, 4 ulcerative colitis; 95% confidence interval: 20.6%–79.4%), with significantly more girls having IBD‐FAPD (P = 0.038). Anxiety symptoms were in 14.3% of patients with IBD‐FAPD (P = 0.06) and depression in 23.8% (P = 0.006). The average Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Gastrointestinal Symptoms score for the IBD‐FAPD group was significantly lower than those without FAPDs (71 vs 86.5, P = 0.008).

Conclusions:

In our cohort, the prevalence of IBD‐FAPD was 26%. This is the first study to assess all FAPDs using the Rome III criteria and to demonstrate increased anxiety, depression, and worse quality of life in children with IBD‐FAPD. The identification of patients predisposed to IBD‐FAPD may allow implementing strategies that could improve symptoms and quality of life.
Recurrent Osteosarcoma Presenting as an Isolated Bone Marrow Relapse
Authors: Liu Julia , Cranmer Lee , Larsen Brandon T. , Kuo Phillip H. , Kopp Lisa M.
Published: November 2016

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a malignant bone tumor which is found primarily in adolescents, with the distal femur as the most common location. OS with a jaw primary is present in only about 10% of cases and the risk of recurrence is considered to be decreased in the jaw versus other primary locations. We present a unique case of a patient with localized OS of the jaw with an isolated recurrence in her bone marrow almost 5 years after completion of initial treatment.
Preventing Pressure Ulcers in the Veterans Health Administration Using a Virtual Breakthrough Series Collaborative
Authors: Zubkoff Lisa , Neily Julia , King Beth , Morgan Storm , Young-Xu Yinong , Boar Shoshana , Mills Peter
Published: November 2016

The Veterans Health Administration implemented a Virtual Breakthrough Series to prevent pressure ulcers. The pressure ulcer rate decreased from 1.2 to 0.9 per 1000 bed days of care (P = .017). The most common interventions were education (N = 26; 68%), improved documentation (N = 23; 61%), and the use of equipment and supplies (N = 21; 55%). In summary, this project helped improve pressure ulcer rates in the Veterans Health Administration and presents a promising model for implementing a virtual model for improvement.
Child Sexual Abuse Confirmed by Forensic Examination in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Silva Welington dos Santos , Barroso-Junior Ubirajara de Oliveira
Published: November 2016

Child sexual abuse is a worldwide public health issue. The objective of this study was to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of children in cases of sexual abuse confirmed by material evidence at forensic examination. Cases of children younger than 12 years examined for suspected sexual abuse at the Institute of Forensic Medicine in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil, were reviewed retrospectively. The period evaluated was between 2005 and 2010. The inclusion criterion was the coroner’s confirmation of sexual abuse based on material evidence. The mean age of the children in whom sexual abuse was confirmed was 8.2 (SD, 2.9) years, and 208 cases were female (83.9%). In 94% of the cases, the reason for carrying out the forensic examination was a report of sexual abuse. Less than 1% of the aggressors were female. A ruptured hymen was the finding that confirmed sexual abuse in 172 cases, corresponding to 83% of cases in girls. There were 2 cases of pregnancy. Recent anal or perianal lesions were present in 35 (87.5%) of the confirmed cases involving boys. Laboratory confirmation based on the detection of spermatozoa or prostate-specific antigen occurred in only 4.2% of cases. In all these cases, sample collection was performed within 24 hours of the alleged abuse. Thus, in the majority of cases with material evidence of sexual abuse, the confirmation criteria consisted of a ruptured hymen and recent perianal lesions.
An Anaphylactoid Reaction to Rattlesnake Envenomation in a Pediatric Patient
Authors: Rencher Logan , Schwartz Joanna , Wilson Alexandra
Published: November 2016

Rattlesnake envenomation causes a spectrum of symptoms and signs, many of which closely resemble an anaphylactic reaction. Development of airway compromise after a snake bite to an extremity is unusual, but has been previously reported. The majority of such reports detail a history of probable sensitization from previous contact with snakes or snake venom. Few reports exist without such previous contact; no reports are of pediatric cases. Here we present a 14-year-old boy with no history of prior snake exposure who presents with an anaphylactoid reaction after a rattlesnake bite.
The power of associative learning and the ontogeny of optimal behaviour
Authors: Enquist Magnus , Lind Johan , Ghirlanda Stefano
Published: November 2016

Behaving efficiently (optimally or near-optimally) is central to animals' adaptation to their environment. Much evolutionary biology assumes, implicitly or explicitly, that optimal behavioural strategies are genetically inherited, yet the behaviour of many animals depends crucially on learning. The question of how learning contributes to optimal behaviour is largely open. Here we propose an associative learning model that can learn optimal behaviour in a wide variety of ecologically relevant circumstances. The model learns through chaining, a term introduced by Skinner to indicate learning of behaviour sequences by linking together shorter sequences or single behaviours. Our model formalizes the concept of conditioned reinforcement (the learning process that underlies chaining) and is closely related to optimization algorithms from machine learning. Our analysis dispels the common belief that associative learning is too limited to produce ‘intelligent’ behaviour such as tool use, social learning, self-control or expectations of the future. Furthermore, the model readily accounts for both instinctual and learned aspects of behaviour, clarifying how genetic evolution and individual learning complement each other, and bridging a long-standing divide between ethology and psychology. We conclude that associative learning, supported by genetic predispositions and including the oft-neglected phenomenon of conditioned reinforcement, may suffice to explain the ontogeny of optimal behaviour in most, if not all, non-human animals. Our results establish associative learning as a more powerful optimizing mechanism than acknowledged by current opinion.
Altered expression of pectoral myosin heavy chain isoforms corresponds to migration status in the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii)
Authors: Velten Brandy P. , Welch Kenneth C. , Ramenofsky Marilyn
Published: November 2016

Birds undergo numerous changes as they progress through life-history stages, yet relatively few studies have examined how birds adapt to both the dynamic energetic and mechanical demands associated with such transitions. Myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression, often linked with muscle fibre type, is strongly correlated with a muscle's mechanical power-generating capability, thus we examined several morphological properties, including MyHC expression of the pectoralis, in a long-distance migrant, the white-crowned sparrow (Zonotrichia leucophrys gambelii) throughout the progression from winter, spring departure and arrival on breeding grounds. White-crowned sparrows demonstrated significant phenotypic flexibility throughout the seasonal transition, including changes in prealternate moult status, lipid fuelling, body condition and flight muscle morphology. Pectoral MyHC expression also varied significantly over the course of the study. Wintering birds expressed a single, newly classified adult fast 2 isoform. At spring departure, pectoral isoform expression included two MyHC isoforms: the adult fast 2 isoform along with a smaller proportion of a newly present adult fast 1 isoform. By spring arrival, both adult fast isoforms present at departure remained, yet expression had shifted to a greater relative proportion of the adult fast 1 isoform. Altering pectoral MyHC isoform expression in preparation for and during spring migration may represent an adaptation to modulate muscle mechanical output to support long-distance flight.
A continuous ideal free distribution approach to the dynamics of selfish, cooperative and kleptoparasitic populations
Authors: Reding Ilona , Kelley Michael , Rowell Jonathan T. , Rychtář Jan
Published: November 2016

Population distributions depend upon the aggregate behavioural responses of individuals to a range of environmental factors. We extend a model of ideally motivated populations to describe the local and regional consequences of interactions between three populations distinguished by their levels of cooperation and exploitation. Inspired by the classic prisoner's dilemma game, stereotypical fitness functions describe a baseline non-cooperative population whoseper capitafitness decreases with density, obligate co-operators who initially benefit from the presence of conspecifics, and kleptoparasites who require heterospecifics to extract resources from the environment. We examine these populations in multiple combinations, determine where both local and regional coexistence is permitted, and investigate conditions under which one population will invade another. When they invade co-operators in resource-rich areas, kleptoparasites initiate a dynamic instability that leads to the loss of both populations; however, selfish hosts, who can persist at low densities, are immune to this risk. Furthermore, adaptive movement may delay the onset of instability as dispersal relieves dynamic stress. Selfish and cooperative populations default to mutual exclusion, but asymmetric variations in interference strength may relax this condition and permit limited sympatry within the environment. Distinct sub-communities characterize the overall spatial structure.
Natural Genetic Variation Modifies Gene Expression Dynamics at the Protein Level During Pheromone Response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Pollard Daniel A. , Asamoto Ciara K. , Rahnamoun Homa , Abendroth Austin S. , Lee Suzanne R. , Rifkin Scott A.
Published: November 2016

Heritable variation in gene expression patterns plays a fundamental role in trait variation and evolution, making understanding the mechanisms by which genetic variation acts on gene expression patterns a major goal for biology. Both theoretical and empirical work have largely focused on variation in steady-state mRNA levels and mRNA synthesis rates, particularly of protein-coding genes. Yet in order for this variation to affect higher order traits it must lead to differences at the protein level. Variation in protein-specific processes including protein synthesis rates and protein decay rates could amplify, mask, or even reverse effects transmitted from the transcript level, but the extent to which this happens is unclear. Moreover, mechanisms that underlie protein expression variation under dynamic conditions have not been examined. To address this challenge, we analyzed how mRNA and protein expression dynamics covary between two strains ofSaccharomyces cerevisiaeduring mating pheromone response. Although divergentsteady-statemRNA expression levels explained divergentsteady-stateprotein levels for four out of five genes in our study, the same was true for only one out of five genes for expressiondynamics. By integrating decay rate and allele-specific protein expression analyses, we resolved that expression divergence for Fig1p was caused by genetic variation acting intranson protein synthesis rate, expression divergence for Ina1p was caused bycis-by-transepistatic effects on transcript level and protein synthesis rate, and expression divergence for Fus3p and Tos6p were caused by divergence in protein synthesis rates. Our study demonstrates that steady-state analysis of gene expression is insufficient to understand the impact of genetic variation on gene expression variation. An integrated and dynamic approach to gene expression analysis - comparing mRNA levels, protein levels, protein decay rates, and allele-specific protein expression - allows for a detailed analysis of the genetic mechanisms underlying protein expression divergences.
The synthesis and crystal structure of 2-(chloroselanyl)pyridine 1-oxide: the first monomeric organoselenenyl chloride stabilized by an intramolecular secondary Se...O interaction
Authors: Askerov Rizvan K. , Matsulevich Zhanna V. , Borisova Galina N. , Zalepkina Svetlana A. , Smirnov Vasiliy F. , Grishina Maria M. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Borisov Alexander V. , Khrustalev Victor N.
Published: November 2016

The title compound, C5H4ClNOSe, is the product of the reaction of sulfuryl chloride and 2-selanyl-1-pyridine 1-oxide in dichloromethane. The molecule has an almost planar geometry (r.m.s. deviation = 0.012 Å), and its molecular structure is stabilized by an intramolecular secondary Se...O interaction of 2.353 (3) Å, closing a four-membered N—C—Se...O ring. The title compound represents the first monomeric organoselenenyl chloride stabilized intramolecularly by an interaction of this type. The non-valent attractive Se...O interaction results in a substantial distortion of the geometry of theipso-carbon atom. Theendo-cyclic N—C—Se [102.1 (3)°] andexo-cyclic C—C—Se [136.9 (3)°] bond angles deviate significantly from the ideal value of 120° for ansp2-hybridized carbon atom, the former bond angle being much smaller than the latter. In the crystal, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains propagating along [010]. The chains, which stack along thea-axis direction, are linked by offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.960 (3) Å], forming corrugated sheets parallel to theabplane.
Young consumer-brand relationship building potential using digital marketing
Authors: Confos Nicolla , Davis Teresa
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to examine branding strategies directed at child consumers, used by six high fat, sugar and salt food brands across three different digital marketing platforms. It identifies brand relationship building potential in this digital context.

Design/methodology/approach

This study analyses the contents of branded mobile phone applications, branded websites (including advergames) and branded Facebook sites to understand the nature of young consumer–brand relationship strategies that marketers are developing in this digital media marketing environment.

Findings

The use of sophisticated integrated branding strategies in immersive online media creates the potential for marketers to build relationships between young consumers and brands at an interactive, direct and social level not seen in traditional media. Categories of relationships and brand tactics are identified as outcomes of this analysis and linked to brand relationship building potential.

Research limitations/implications

The results suggest that branded communication strategies that food companies use in the online environment are creating conditions that appeal to young consumers, fostering new ways to build brand relationships. As this is a dynamic medium in a fluid state of change, this exploratory study identifies and categorises the marketing strategy, but not the young consumers’ response to such branding strategies (a limitation).

Originality/value

This study details the potential for child–brand relationship building in the context of online branding environments. It identifies the potential for longer-term effects of embedded advertising directly to young consumers, within and across three digital media platforms.
Satisfaction, value and intention to return in hotels
Authors: Worsfold Kate , Fisher Ron , McPhail Ruth , Francis Mark , Thomas Andrew
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This research investigates employee and guest satisfaction, guests’ perceptions of value and their intention to return. Considered are hotel workers’ job satisfaction, how job satisfaction impacts guests’ satisfaction with the service experience and with the physical attributes of the hotel and how these variables affect perceived value and intention to return.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling is used to analyze data from a large global hotel chain.

Findings

Guest satisfaction with service and the physical attributes of the hotel differentially impact guest outcomes of intention to return and perceptions of value. Key findings are guest satisfaction with the physical attributes of a hotel is significantly more strongly linked to guests’ intention to return than is satisfaction with service received. Staff job satisfaction is significantly linked to guests being more satisfied with the service experience and their return intentions. Of all the factors directly contributing to guests’ return intentions, guest satisfaction with the physical attributes of the hotel was largest in impact. In contrast guest satisfaction with service is linked to guests’ perceptions of value, whereas satisfaction with the physical aspects is not significant. Guests’ perceptions of value do not impact intention to return.

Research limitations/implications

The research was conducted within one global hotel chain, which due to its cross-sectional nature may possibly be a limitation. However, its single organizational nature does not diminish the importance of the findings.

Practical implications

Hotel managers need to consider the importance of the physical attributes of properties in what has been largely a services-dominated debate. What guests value may not lead to repeat business.

Originality/value

Providing excellent customer service may not be the main motivation for return business. Also, holistic measures of guest satisfaction may not accurately measure what guests value. Perceived value is not a significant predictor of intention to return.
Long hospitality careers – a contradiction in terms?
Authors: Mooney Shelagh K. , Harris Candice , Ryan Irene
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to explore why workers remain in long hospitality careers and to challenge the frequent portrayal of careers in the sector as temporary and unsatisfactory.

Design/methodology/approach

The study took an interpretative social constructionist approach. Methods used were memory-work, semi-structured interviews and intersectional analysis.

Findings

A key finding in this study is that career longevity in hospitality is not solely dependent on career progression. Strong social connection, a professional self-identity and complex interesting work contribute to long careers.

Research limitations/implications

The study contributes detailed empirical knowledge about hospitality career paths in New Zealand. Conclusions should be generalised outside the specific context with caution.

Practical implications

The findings that hospitality jobs can be complex and satisfying at all hierarchical ranks hold practical implications for Human Resource Managers in the service sector. To increase career longevity, hospitality employers should improve induction and socialisation processes and recognise their employees’ professional identity.

Social implications

This paper significantly extends the notion of belonging and social connection in service work. “Social connection” is distinctly different from social and networking career competencies. Strong social connection is created by a fusion of complex social relationships with managers, co-workers and guests, ultimately creating the sense of a respected professional identity and satisfying career.

Originality/value

The contemporary concept of a successful hospitality career is associated with an upwards career trajectory; however, this paper suggests that at the lower hierarchical levels of service work, many individuals enjoy complex satisfying careers with no desire for further advancement.
Decision-making styles of restaurant deal consumers who use social commerce
Authors: Seo Sunhee , Moon Sunjin
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to segment consumers according to their decision-making styles in the context of social commerce. Additionally, the differences among consumer segments in consumer innovativeness, perceived risk, satisfaction and demographic characteristics are evaluated.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 384 respondents who shopped for restaurant deals through social commerce participated in this study through an online survey. Two-step cluster analyses were used to segment social commerce consumers into groups, using their decision-making styles.

Findings

The results showed three types of social commerce consumers of restaurant deals: innovative brand-preferring consumers; realistic consumers; and passive consumers. Innovative brand-preferring consumers chose specific brands and showed the most innovativeness, while realistic consumers and passive consumers were price-conscious and far more cautious in purchasing restaurant deals using social commerce. Passive consumers were, in addition, confused by overchoice. All three consumer groups perceived higher risks to privacy in purchases using social commerce. Passive consumers were especially aware of the risk, while the innovative brand-preferring consumers and the realistic consumers were less concerned about risk. Consumers were especially likely to perceive economic risk, performance risk, social risk, psychological risk, privacy risk and time risk. Innovative brand-preferring consumers were more likely to be innovative and showed a higher level of satisfaction, while passive consumers showed the lowest satisfaction and the least innovativeness.

Research limitations/implications

This study provides additional insights on consumer decision-making styles in the context of social commerce in Korea.

Practical implications

Consumer decision-making styles can help restaurant managers to develop deals tailored to specific types of consumers, as well as create customized products and services.

Originality/value

This study is one of the very few attempts to investigate consumer decision-making styles in social commerce for restaurant deals, so it contributes to the literature on social commerce in the hospitality industry. This study shows that consumer decision-making styles are important in understanding the behavior of social commerce consumers.
SEC proposes rules on adviser business continuity and transition plans
Authors: Gordon Kay
Published: November 2016

Purpose

To discuss the requirements and implications of the US Securities and Exchange Commission’s (SEC’s) proposed new Rule 206(4)-4, which would require all SEC-registered investment advisers to adopt and implement written business continuity and transition plans (BCPs) reasonably designed to address operational and other risks related to a significant disruption in the investment adviser’s operations.

Design/methodology/approach

Explains the proposed rules’ definition of and specific requirements of BCPs, other requirements relating to annual reviews and record-keeping, practical considerations including advisers’ need to update and revise their BCPs, and the SEC’s request for comment on issues including possible additional obligations for certain types of clients, reporting of incidents to the SEC, and filing of BCPs with the SEC.

Findings

By arguably broadening its approach to the universe of risks that should be addressed in a BCP, the SEC potentially places a higher burden on the advisers to design their BCPs to anticipate all material risks that may become applicable or be responsible for a violation of their fiduciary duties to clients.

Practical implications

Given the detailed requirements of the Proposed Rules, including as interpreted by the Proposing Release, it is likely that most registered advisers would have to revisit and revise their BCPs if the rules are adopted.

Originality/value

Practical guidance from experienced securities, fund management, regulatory and compliance lawyer.
When work kills
Authors: Waters Sarah , Karanikolos Marina , McKee Martin
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the rising public health phenomenon of workplace suicide drawing on comparative insights from the French and UK contexts. France has experienced what the media describes as a “suicide epidemic” in the workplace, with rising numbers of employees choosing to kill themselves in the face of extreme pressures at work.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper uses a comparative approach drawing on insights from the French context, in which workplace suicide is legally and officially recognised, to shed critical light on the UK context where workplace suicide remains a hidden phenomenon.

Findings

Whilst in France, workplace suicide is treated as an urgent public health phenomenon and data on suicides are collected centrally, in the UK, despite a deterioration in working conditions, suicide is not recognised in legislation and data are not collected centrally. Unless society recognises and document rising workplace suicides, we will be unable to deal with their profound human consequences for suicidal individuals, their families and society more widely.

Research limitations/implications

Research on workplace suicides in the UK and many other national contexts is hampered by fragmentary statistical data on this phenomenon.

Practical implications

The paper calls for greater recognition, analysis and monitoring of workplace suicide in the UK. Suicide should be included in the list of workplace accidents that are reported to the authorities for further investigation. In a context where workplace conditions are deteriorating, society need to recognises the profound human costs of these conditions for the individual employee.

Social implications

The paper has important implications for the contemporary workplace in terms of the contractual relationship between employer and employee.

Originality/value

Workplace suicide is an urgent, yet under-researched phenomenon. The paper brings a comparative and multidisciplinary perspective to bear on this phenomenon.
A constellation to guide us
Authors: Bombaro Christine , Harris Pamela , Odess-Harnish Kerri
Published: November 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper was to ask Lisa Janicke Hinchliffe, Professor/Coordinator for Information Literacy Services and Instruction in the University Library at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, about her views regarding the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.

Design/methodology/approach

This is an interview.

Findings

Hinchliffe believes that the Framework is one among many documents that academic librarians can and should use to promote information literacy.

Research limitations/implications

Hinchliffe contradicts the opinion that the Framework and the Information Literacy Competency Standards for Higher Education could not have co-existed.

Practical implications

Hinchliffe offers librarians practical advice for moving from a Standards-based to a Framework-based information literacy program.

Originality/value

Hinchliffe concludes that the old ways of fostering information literacy do not need to be rejected to adopt new practices.
The Framework is elitist
Authors: Bombaro Christine
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This paper aims to question whether the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education adheres to the theory upon which it was based and to examine the actions of the Association of College and Research Libraries following the Framework’s release and its consequences.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is an essay-style viewpoint, reflecting the observations and opinions of the author.

Findings

The author criticizes the Association of College and Research Libraries for its inaction in educating member librarians about how to implement the Framework and observes ideological rifts that were exposed within the academic librarian community as the Framework was being discussed following its adoption.

Originality/value

This paper is meant to provoke thought and generate discussion in regard to the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education.
How strategy execution maps guided Cisco System’s Sales Incentive Compensation plan
Authors: Chatterjee Sayan , Narayanan Venkat , Malek William
Published: November 2016

Purpose

This article describes an approach to strategy execution using lessons learned from improvement efforts to the sales incentive compensation (SIC) business processes and IT systems in Cisco Systems.

Design/methodology/approach

This case outlines an alternative approach to strategy execution–a COAR strategy map methodology– illustrated with lessons learned from efforts to improve the sales incentive compensation business processes and IT systems in Cisco Systems.”

Findings

By following a structured and systematic process, organizations can implement a process for strategy execution that is effective and repeatable. In executing strategy, stay focused on how to translate the decisions taken while defining business strategy into operations. As business strategy changes, elements of the strategy execution must change as well.

Research limitations/implications

This case is primarily a guide to strategy execution and is not meant to be a prescription for a cutting edge sales compensation plan.

Practical implications

Although the examples used in this article relate to SIC business processes, the lessons learned can be applied to strategy execution in general.

Originality/value

It is this “peek forward” into a virtual execution setting, and the opportunity to use it as a scenario-like tool to test alternatives, that increases the likelihood that managers will devise a stable and executable strategy.
Drivers of interannual variability in virioplankton abundance at the coastal western Antarctic peninsula and the potential effects of climate change
Authors: Evans Claire , Brandsma Joost , Pond David W. , Venables Hugh J. , Meredith Michael P. , Witte Harry J. , Stammerjohn Sharon , Wilson William H. , Clarke Andrew , Brussaard Corina P. D.
Published: November 2016

An 8‐year time‐series in the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with an approximately weekly sampling frequency was used to elucidate changes in virioplankton abundance and their drivers in this climatically sensitive region. Virioplankton abundances at the coastal WAP show a pronounced seasonal cycle with interannual variability in the timing and magnitude of the summer maxima. Bacterioplankton abundance is the most influential driving factor of the virioplankton, and exhibit closely coupled dynamics. Sea ice cover and duration predetermine levels of phytoplankton stock and thus, influence virioplankton by dictating the substrates available to the bacterioplankton. However, variations in the composition of the phytoplankton community and particularly the prominence of Diatoms inferred from silicate drawdown, drive interannual differences in the magnitude of the virioplankton bloom; likely again mediated through changes in the bacterioplankton. Their findings suggest that future warming within the WAP will cause changes in sea ice that will influence viruses and their microbial hosts through changes in the timing, magnitude and composition of the phytoplankton bloom. Thus, the flow of matter and energy through the viral shunt may be decreased with consequences for the Antarctic food web and element cycling.