bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Paternal methamphetamine exposure induces higher sensitivity to methamphetamine in male offspring through driving ADRB1 on CaMKII-positive neurons in mPFC
Authors: Zheng Yanyan , Liu Dekang , Guo Hao , Chen Wenwen , Liu Zhaoyu , Li Zhaosu , Hu Tao , Zhang Yuanyuan , Li Xiang , Zhao Ziheng , Cai Qinglong , Ge Feifei , Fan Yu , Guan Xiaowei
Published: October 2023

Paternal abuse of drugs, such as methamphetamine (METH), elevates the risk of developing addiction in subsequent generations, however, its underlying molecular mechanism remains poorly understood. Male adult mice (F0) were exposed to METH for 30 days, followed by mating with naïve female mice to create the first-generation mice (F1). When growing to adulthood, F1 were subjected to conditioned place preference (CPP) test. Subthreshold dose of METH (sd-METH), insufficient to induce CPP normally, were used in F1. Selective antagonist (betaxolol) for β1-adrenergic receptor (ADRB1) or its knocking-down virus were administrated into mPFC to regulate ADRB1 function and expression on CaMKII-positive neurons. METH-sired male F1 acquired sd-METH-induced CPP, indicating that paternal METH exposure induce higher sensitivity to METH in male F1. Compared with saline (SAL)-sired male F1, CaMKII-positive neuronal activity was normal without sd-METH, but strongly evoked after sd-METH treatment in METH-sired male F1 during adulthood. METH-sired male F1 had higher ADRB1 levels without sd-METH, which was kept at higher levels after sd-METH treatment in mPFC. Either inhibiting ADRB1 function with betaxolol, or knocking-down ADRB1 level on CaMKII-positive neurons (ADRB1CaMKII) with virus transfection efficiently suppressed sd-METH -evoked mPFC activation, and ultimately blocked sd-METH-induced CPP in METH-sired male F1. In the process, the p-ERK1/2 and ΔFosB may be potential subsequent signals of mPFC ADRB1CaMKII. The mPFC ADRB1CaMKII mediates paternal METH exposure-induced higher sensitivity to drug addiction in male offspring, raising a promising pharmacological target for predicting or treating transgenerational addiction.
KCNAB2 overexpression inhibits human non-small-cell lung cancer cell growth in vitro and in vivo
Authors: Cheng Feng , Tang Yu-fei , Cao Yang , Peng Shi-qing , Zhu Xiao-ren , Sun Yue , Wang Shu-Hang , Wang Bin , Lu Yi-min
Published: October 2023

Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for approximately 85% of all lung cancer cases. NSCLC patients often have poor prognosis demanding urgent identification of novel biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. KCNAB2 (regulatory beta subunit2 of voltage-gated potassium channel), encoding aldosterone reductase, plays a pivotal role in regulating potassium channel activity. In this research, we tested the expression of KCNAB2 as well as its potential functions in human NSCLC. Bioinformatics analysis shows that expression ofKCNAB2mRNA is significantly downregulated in human NSCLC, correlating with poor overall survival. In addition, decreased KCNAB2 expression was detected in different NSCLC cell lines and local human NSCLC tissues. Exogenous overexpression of KCNAB2 potently suppressed growth, proliferation and motility of established human NSCLC cells and promoted NSCLC cells apoptosis. In contrast, CRISPR/Cas9-induced KCNAB2 knockout further promoted the malignant biological behaviors of NSCLC cells. Protein chip analysis in the KCNAB2-overexpressed NSCLC cells revealed that KCNAB2 plays a possible role in AKT-mTOR cascade activation. Indeed, AKT-mTOR signaling activation was potently inhibited following KCNAB2 overexpression in NSCLC cells. It was however augmented by KCNAB2 knockout. In vivo, the growth of subcutaneous KCNAB2-overexpressed A549 xenografts was significantly inhibited. Collectively, KCNAB2 could be a novel effective gene for prognosis prediction of NSCLC. Targeting KCNAB2 may lead to the development of advanced therapies.
Accurate prediction of protein folding mechanisms by simple structure-based statistical mechanical models
Authors: Ooka Koji , Arai Munehito
Published: October 2023

Recent breakthroughs in highly accurate protein structure prediction using deep neural networks have made considerable progress in solving the structure prediction component of the ‘protein folding problem’. However, predicting detailed mechanisms of how proteins fold into specific native structures remains challenging, especially for multidomain proteins constituting most of the proteomes. Here, we develop a simple structure-based statistical mechanical model that introduces nonlocal interactions driving the folding of multidomain proteins. Our model successfully predicts protein folding processes consistent with experiments, without the limitations of protein size and shape. Furthermore, slight modifications of the model allow prediction of disulfide-oxidative and disulfide-intact protein folding. These predictions depict details of the folding processes beyond reproducing experimental results and provide a rationale for the folding mechanisms. Thus, our physics-based models enable accurate prediction of protein folding mechanisms with low computational complexity, paving the way for solving the folding process component of the ‘protein folding problem’.
Strain topological metamaterials and revealing hidden topology in higher-order coordinates
Authors: Allein Florian , Anastasiadis Adamantios , Chaunsali Rajesh , Frankel Ian , Boechler Nicholas , Diakonos Fotios K. , Theocharis Georgios
Published: October 2023

Topological physics has revolutionized materials science, introducing topological phases of matter in diverse settings ranging from quantum to photonic and phononic systems. Herein, we present a family of topological systems, which we term “strain topological metamaterials”, whose topological properties are hidden and unveiled only under higher-order (strain) coordinate transformations. We firstly show that the canonical mass dimer, a model that can describe various settings such as electrical circuits and optics, among others, belongs to this family where strain coordinates reveal a topological nontriviality for the edge states at free boundaries. Subsequently, we introduce a mechanical analog of the Majorana-supporting Kitaev chain, which supports topological edge states for both fixed and free boundaries within the proposed framework. Thus, our findings not only extend the way topological edge states are identified, but also promote the fabrication of novel topological metamaterials in various fields, with more complex, tailored boundaries.
Anomalous water molecular gating from atomic-scale graphene capillaries for precise and ultrafast molecular sieving
Authors: Zhang Qian , Gao Bo , Zhang Ling , Liu Xiaopeng , Cui Jixiang , Cao Yijun , Zeng Hongbo , Xu Qun , Cui Xinwei , Jiang Lei
Published: October 2023

The pressing crisis of clean water shortage requires membranes to possess effective ion sieving as well as fast water flux. However, effective ion sieving demands reduction of pore size, which inevitably hinders water flux in hydrophilic membranes, posing a major challenge for efficient water/ion separation. Herein, we introduce anomalous water molecular gating based on nanofiltration membranes full of graphene capillaries at 6 Å, which were fabricated from spontaneous π-π restacking of island-on-nanosheet graphitic microstructures. We found that the membrane can provide effective ion sieving by suppressing osmosis-driven ion diffusion to negligible levels (~10–4 mol m–2 h–1); unexpectedly, ultrafast bulk flow of water (45.4 L m–2 h–1) was still functional with ease, as gated on/off by adjusting hydrostatic pressures within only 10–2 bar. We attribute this seemingly incompatible observation to graphene nanoconfinement effect, where crystal-like water confined within the capillaries hinders diffusion under osmosis but facilitates high-speed, diffusion-free water transport in the way analogous to Newton’s cradle-like Grotthus conduction. This strategy establishes a type of liquid-solid-liquid, phase-changing molecular transport for precise and ultrafast molecular sieving.
Global tree growth resilience to cold extremes following the Tambora volcanic eruption
Authors: Gao Shan , Camarero J. Julio , Babst Flurin , Liang Eryuan
Published: October 2023

Although the global climate is warming, external forcing driven by explosive volcanic eruptions may still cause abrupt cooling. The 1809 and 1815 Tambora eruptions caused lasting cold extremes worldwide, providing a unique lens that allows us to investigate the magnitude of global forest resilience to and recovery from volcanic cooling. Here, we show that growth resilience inferred from tree-ring data was severely impacted by cooling in high latitudes and elevations: the average tree growth decreased substantially (up to 31.8%), especially in larch forests, and regional-scale probabilities of severe growth reduction (below −2σ) increased up to 1390%. The influence of the eruptions extended longer (beyond the year 1824) in mid- than in high-latitudes, presumably due to the combined impacts of cold and drought stress. As Tambora-size eruptions statistically occur every 200–400 years, assessing their influences on ecosystems can help humankind mitigate adverse impacts on natural resources through improved management, especially in high latitude and elevation regions.
Machine learning-enabled constrained multi-objective design of architected materials
Authors: Peng Bo , Wei Ye , Qin Yu , Dai Jiabao , Li Yue , Liu Aobo , Tian Yun , Han Liuliu , Zheng Yufeng , Wen Peng
Published: October 2023

Architected materials that consist of multiple subelements arranged in particular orders can demonstrate a much broader range of properties than their constituent materials. However, the rational design of these materials generally relies on experts’ prior knowledge and requires painstaking effort. Here, we present a data-efficient method for the high-dimensional multi-property optimization of 3D-printed architected materials utilizing a machine learning (ML) cycle consisting of the finite element method (FEM) and 3D neural networks. Specifically, we apply our method to orthopedic implant design. Compared to uniform designs, our experience-free method designs microscale heterogeneous architectures with a biocompatible elastic modulus and higher strength. Furthermore, inspired by the knowledge learned from the neural networks, we develop machine-human synergy, adapting the ML-designed architecture to fix a macroscale, irregularly shaped animal bone defect. Such adaptation exhibits 20% higher experimental load-bearing capacity than the uniform design. Thus, our method provides a data-efficient paradigm for the fast and intelligent design of architected materials with tailored mechanical, physical, and chemical properties.
Repair of osteochondral defects: efficacy of a tissue-engineered hybrid implant containing both human MSC and human iPSC-cartilaginous particles
Authors: Nakagawa Shinichi , Ando Wataru , Shimomura Kazunori , Hart David A. , Hanai Hiroto , Jacob George , Chijimatsu Ryota , Yarimitu Seido , Fujie Hiromichi , Okada Seiji , Tsumaki Noriyuki , Nakamura Norimasa
Published: October 2023

Both mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC) offer the potential for repair of damaged connective tissues. The use of hybrid implants containing both human MSC and iPSC was investigated to assess their combined potential to yield enhanced repair of osteochondral defects. Human iPSC-CP wrapped with tissue engineered constructs (TEC) containing human MSC attained secure defect filling with good integration to adjacent tissue in a rat osteochondral injury model. The presence of living MSC in the hybrid implants was required for effective biphasic osteochondral repair. Thus, the TEC component of such hybrid implants serves several critical functions including, adhesion to the defect site via the matrix and facilitation of the repair via live MSC, as well as enhanced angiogenesis and neovascularization. Based on these encouraging studies, such hybrid implants may offer an effective future intervention for repair of complex osteochondral defects.
Tethered Balloon-Borne Turbulence Measurements in Winter and Spring during the MOSAiC Expedition
Authors: Akansu Elisa F. , Siebert Holger , Dahlke Sandro , Graeser Jürgen , Jaiser Ralf , Sommerfeld Anja
Published: October 2023

During the Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate expedition, a tethered balloon system was operated with a turbulence probe attached to study the lower troposphere in the high Arctic. Overall, measurements were conducted on 34 days between December 2019 and May 2020, resulting in 47 quality-assured sampling records consisting of vertical profiles and constant-altitude measurements. The continuous profiles extend from the surface, i.e., the sea ice floe, to a height of several hundred meters typically. The high-resolution wind velocity measurements using a hot-wire anemometer and temperature measurements using a thermocouple provide a comprehensive basis for examining the dynamical processes and thermodynamic stratification in the Arctic atmospheric boundary layer under cloudless and cloudy conditions. This paper provides a detailed technical description of the turbulence payload, including calibration and quality assurance, and a general overview of the data. A particular focus of this work is the estimation of local energy dissipation rates. The data are freely available from the World Data Center PANGAEA.
Automatic biometry of fetal brain MRIs using deep and machine learning techniques
Authors: She Jiayan , Huang Haiying , Ye Zhijun , Huang Wei , Sun Yan , Liu Chuan , Yang Weilin , Wang Jiaxi , Ye Pengfei , Zhang Lei , Ning Gang
Published: October 2023

Linear biometric measurements on magnetic resonance images are important for the assessment of fetal brain development, which is expert knowledge dependent and laborious. This study aims to construct a segmentation-based method for automatic two-dimensional biometric measurements of fetal brain on magnetic resonance images that provides a fast and accurate measurement of fetal brain. A total of 268 volumes (5360 images) magnetic resonance images of normal fetuses were included. The automatic method involves two steps. First, the fetal brain was segmented into four parts with a deep segmentation network: cerebrum, cerebellum, and left and right lateral ventricles. Second, the measurement plane was determined, and the corresponding biometric parameters were calculated according to clinical guidelines, including cerebral biparietal diameter (CBPD), transverse cerebellar diameter (TCD), left and right atrial diameter (LAD/RAD). Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman plots were used to assess the correlation and agreement between computer-predicted values and manual measurements. Mean differences were used to evaluate the errors quantitatively. Analysis of fetal cerebral growth based on the automatic measurements was also displayed. The experiment results show that correlation coefficients for CBPD, TCD, LAD and RAD were as follows: 0.977, 0.990, 0.817, 0.719, mean differences were − 2.405 mm, − 0.008 mm, − 0.33 mm, − 0.213 mm, respectively. The correlation between the errors and gestational age was not statistically significant (p values were 0.2595, 0.0510, 0.1995, and 0.0609, respectively). The proposed automatic method for linear measurements on fetal brain MRI achieves excellent performance, which is expected to be applied in clinical practice and be helpful for prenatal diagnosis and clinical work efficiency improvement.
Distinct neural representations during a brain–machine interface and manual reaching task in motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and striatum
Authors: Zippi Ellen L. , Shvartsman Gabrielle F. , Vendrell-Llopis Nuria , Wallis Joni D. , Carmena Jose M.
Published: October 2023

Although brain–machine interfaces (BMIs) are directly controlled by the modulation of a select local population of neurons, distributed networks consisting of cortical and subcortical areas have been implicated in learning and maintaining control. Previous work in rodents has demonstrated the involvement of the striatum in BMI learning. However, the prefrontal cortex has been largely ignored when studying motor BMI control despite its role in action planning, action selection, and learning abstract tasks. Here, we compare local field potentials simultaneously recorded from primary motor cortex (M1), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), and the caudate nucleus of the striatum (Cd) while nonhuman primates perform a two-dimensional, self-initiated, center-out task under BMI control and manual control. Our results demonstrate the presence of distinct neural representations for BMI and manual control in M1, DLPFC, and Cd. We find that neural activity from DLPFC and M1 best distinguishes control types at the go cue and target acquisition, respectively, while M1 best predicts target-direction at both task events. We also find effective connectivity from DLPFC → M1 throughout both control types and Cd → M1 during BMI control. These results suggest distributed network activity between M1, DLPFC, and Cd during BMI control that is similar yet distinct from manual control.
Quantization of events in the event-universe and the emergence of quantum mechanics
Authors: Shor Oded , Benninger Felix , Khrennikov Andrei
Published: October 2023

Quantum mechanics (QM) is derived based on a universe composed solely of events, for example, outcomes of observables. Such an event universe is represented by a dendrogram (a finite tree) and in the limit of infinitely many events by the p-adic tree. The trees are endowed with an ultrametric expressing hierarchical relationships between events. All events are coupled through the tree structure. Such a holistic picture of event-processes was formalized within the Dendrographic Hologram Theory (DHT). The present paper is devoted to the emergence of QM from DHT. We used the generalization of the QM-emergence scheme developed by Smolin. Following this scheme, we did not quantize events but rather the differences between them and through analytic derivation arrived at Bohmian mechanics. We remark that, although Bohmian mechanics is not the main stream approach to quantum physics, it describes adequately all quantum experiments. Previously, we were able to embed the basic elements of general relativity (GR) into DHT, and now after Smolin-like quantization of DHT, we can take a step toward quantization of GR. Finally, we remark that DHT is nonlocal in the treelike geometry, but this nonlocality refers to relational nonlocality in the space of events and not Einstein’s spatial nonlocality. By shifting from spatial nonlocality to relational we make Bohmian mechanics less exotic.
The complete chloroplast genome of Cicer reticulatum and comparative analysis against relative Cicer species
Authors: Mehmetoğlu Ezgi , Kaymaz Yasin , Ateş Duygu , Kahraman Abdullah , Tanyolaç Muhammed Bahattin
Published: October 2023

The chloroplast (cp) genome is an adequate genomic resource to investigate evolutionary relationships among plant species and it carries marker genes available for species identification. The Cicer reticulatum is one of perennial species as the progenitor of cultivated chickpeas. Although a large part of the land plants has a quadruple chloroplast genome organization, the cp genome of C. reticulatum consists of one LSC (Large Single Copy Region), one SSC (Small Single Copy Region), and one IR (Inverted Repeat) region, which indicates that it has an untypical and unique structure. This type of chloroplast genome belongs to the IR-lacking clade. Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) was extracted from fresh leaves using a high salt-based protocol and sequencing was performed using DNA Nanoball Sequencing technology. The comparative analysis employed between the species to examine genomic differences and gene homology. The study also included codon usage frequency analysis, hotspot divergence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis using various bioinformatics tools. The cp genome of C. reticulatum was found 125,794 bp in length, with an overall GC content of 33.9%. With a total of 79 protein-coding genes, 34 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 99.93% similarity between C. reticulatum and C. arietinum. Phylogenetic analysis further indicated that the closest evolutionary relative to C. arietinum was C. reticulatum, whereas the previously sequenced wild Cicer species displayed slight distinctions across their entire coding regions. Several genomic regions, such as clpP and ycf1, were found to exhibit high nucleotide diversity, suggesting their potential utility as markers for investigating the evolutionary relationships within the Cicer genus. The first complete cp genome sequence of C. reticulatum will provide novel insights for future genetic research on Cicer crops.
Multiband antenna design with enhanced radiations using characteristic mode analysis
Authors: Fazal Dilaawaiz , Umar Khan Qasim , Hong Ic-Pyo
Published: October 2023

In this research, a multiband patch antenna design based on the superposition of multiple modes at the same resonant frequency is presented. The concept of the contribution of lower order modes (LOMs) with the higher order dominant modes (HODMs) is investigated using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). In order to provide similar broadside radiations in three bands, the radiating capability of the LOMs is enhanced in the resonant frequencies of HODMs. These HODMs when excited alone provide null in the broadside radiations of the antenna. Using a single feed, enhancement in the broadside radiations of the antenna is achieved with the superposition of multiple modes at the same resonant frequency. Based on the proposed concept two antennas have been designed and fabricated. The antenna provides stable and enhanced radiations. simulated and measured results are in good agreement. These antennas find application in many applications including communication systems, base station antennas, 5G communications, satellite communication etc.
Photochemical renoxification on commercial indoor photoactive paint
Authors: Vallieres Morgan , Jones Stephanie H. , Schwartz-Narbonne Heather , Donaldson D. James
Published: October 2023

Surface chemistry plays an important role in the indoor environment owing to the large indoor surface to volume ratio. This study explores the photoreactivity of surfaces painted with a photoactive paint in the presence of NOx. Two types of experiments are performed; illumination of painted surfaces with a nitrate deposit and illumination of painted surfaces in the presence of gaseous NO. For both types of experiments, illumination with a fluorescent bulb causes the greatest change in measured gaseous NOx concentrations. Results show that relative humidity and paint composition play an important role in the photoreactivity of indoor painted surfaces. Painted surfaces could contribute to gas-phase oxidant concentrations indoors.
Optimal allocation of multi-type FACTS devices for mitigating wind power spillage with enhancing voltage stability and social welfare
Authors: Fawzy Samaa , Abd-Raboh Elhossaini E. , Eladl Abdelfattah A.
Published: October 2023

Most of countries around the world tends to increases the penetration of renewable energies generation in electrical power networks. This led to the emergence of many challenges in these systems, such as congestion of lines, voltage instability, etc. The most important of these problems is the spillage of renewable energies in order to maintain the stability of the power system. However, by using the traditional methods to mitigate the spillage, the stability of the power system may be deteriorated leading to a vulnerable power system against disturbances. This paper proposes a bilevel multi-objective Musical Chairs optimization algorithm for optimal allocation of multi-type flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) devices. The main target of the upper-level is to reduce the wind power spillage with minimize the investment cost of FACTS devices and load shedding, while maximize the voltage stability. Moreover, under different operating scenarios, the lower-level problem captured the market clearing with maintain the system constraints for maximize the social welfare. This leads to a robust and economical operating point where included enough levels of voltage security. The technique proposed in this paper is tested on the IEEE 24-bus modified reliability test system. The results show that the applicability of the proposed algorithm in aiding power system improvement planning for minimizing wind power spillage to integrate wind energy with maximizing the social welfare and improving the loadability and the voltage stability.
The nutritional status and root development of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings growing on decaying deadwood in temperate forest ecosystem
Authors: Błońska Ewa , Lasota Jarosław , Kempf Marta , Ostonen Ivika
Published: October 2023

The study aimed to compare two substrates, soil and deadwood, for the regeneration of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) seedlings. Three-year-old fir seedlings growing both on deadwood and in the soil were collected. The examination involved determining the physical, chemical, and biochemical properties of soil and deadwood, as well as assessing the morphology of the roots and the nutrition of seedlings growing on the soil and deadwood. The examined substrates differed in physical, chemical and biochemical properties. It was shown that strongly decomposed fir logs are a good substrate for the growth of fir seedlings, mainly due to the high content of exchangeable cations (especially calcium, magnesium and potassium) and high phosphorus and nitrogen content. The type of substrate had a significant impact on the root morphology of fir seedlings. In our study, the most responsive root traits to differences in growing substrates were specific root area (SRA) and specific root length (SRL). Our analyses did not confirm significant differences in the stoichiometry of C, N and P in the roots and needles of seedlings grown on different substrates. The stoichiometry of roots and needles suggests no limitations in the uptake of nutrients by seedlings growing on deadwood. This study validated that heavily decomposed wood can provide favourable microhabitats for the growth of the young generation of fir.
Molecular hybridization strategy for tuning bioactive peptide function
Authors: Pedron Cibele Nicolaski , Torres Marcelo Der Torossian , Oliveira Cyntia Silva , Silva Adriana Farias , Andrade Gislaine Patricia , Wang Yiming , Pinhal Maria Aparecida Silva , Cerchiaro Giselle , da Silva Junior Pedro Ismael , da Silva Fernanda Dias , Radhakrishnan Ravi , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar , Oliveira Junior Vani Xavier
Published: October 2023

The physicochemical and structural properties of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) determine their mechanism of action and biological function. However, the development of AMPs as therapeutic drugs has been traditionally limited by their toxicity for human cells. Tuning the physicochemical properties of such molecules may abolish toxicity and yield synthetic molecules displaying optimal safety profiles and enhanced antimicrobial activity. Here, natural peptides were modified to improve their activity by the hybridization of sequences from two different active peptide sequences. Hybrid AMPs (hAMPs) were generated by combining the amphipathic faces of the highly toxic peptide VmCT1, derived from scorpion venom, with parts of four other naturally occurring peptides having high antimicrobial activity and low toxicity against human cells. This strategy led to the design of seven synthetic bioactive variants, all of which preserved their structure and presented increased antimicrobial activity (3.1–128 μmol L−1). Five of the peptides (three being hAMPs) presented high antiplasmodial at 0.8 μmol L−1, and virtually no undesired toxic effects against red blood cells. In sum, we demonstrate that peptide hybridization is an effective strategy for redirecting biological activity to generate novel bioactive molecules with desired properties.
A taxonomy and review of generalization research in NLP
Authors: Hupkes Dieuwke , Giulianelli Mario , Dankers Verna , Artetxe Mikel , Elazar Yanai , Pimentel Tiago , Christodoulopoulos Christos , Lasri Karim , Saphra Naomi , Sinclair Arabella , Ulmer Dennis , Schottmann Florian , Batsuren Khuyagbaatar , Sun Kaiser , Sinha Koustuv , Khalatbari Leila , Ryskina Maria , Frieske Rita , Cotterell Ryan , Jin Zhijing
Published: October 2023

The ability to generalize well is one of the primary desiderata for models of natural language processing (NLP), but what ‘good generalization’ entails and how it should be evaluated is not well understood. In this Analysis we present a taxonomy for characterizing and understanding generalization research in NLP. The proposed taxonomy is based on an extensive literature review and contains five axes along which generalization studies can differ: their main motivation, the type of generalization they aim to solve, the type of data shift they consider, the source by which this data shift originated, and the locus of the shift within the NLP modelling pipeline. We use our taxonomy to classify over 700 experiments, and we use the results to present an in-depth analysis that maps out the current state of generalization research in NLP and make recommendations for which areas deserve attention in the future.
Self-assembly of three-dimensional liver organoids: virtual reconstruction via endocytosed polymer dots for refactoring the fine structure
Authors: Zhang Ze , Wu Yuyang , Xuan Zhilu , Xu Haotian , Yin Shengyan , Meng Zihui
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate the realization of long-term tracking bioimaging and virtual reconstruction of 3D self-assembled organoids by using R8-coated Pdot biomarker nanoprobes.
Automated LC-MS analysis and data extraction for high-throughput chemistry
Authors: Mason Joseph , Wilders Harry , Fallon David J. , Thomas Ross P. , Bush Jacob T. , Tomkinson Nicholas C. O. , Rianjongdee Francesco
Published: October 2023

We demonstrate that PyParse, an open-access tool, improves upon existing methods for analysis of LC-MS data obtained for high-throughput experimentation.
PEDOT-embellished Ti3C2Tx nanosheet supported Pt–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles as efficient and stable methanol oxidation electrocatalysts
Authors: Xie Shuyue , Liu Fangfei , Abdiryim Tursun , Liu Xiong , Jamal Ruxangul , Song Yanyan , Niyaz Mariyam , Liu Yajun , Zhang Hujun , Tang Xinsheng
Published: October 2023

Exploiting high-efficiency and durable electrocatalysts toward the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) is crucial for the advancement of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs).
Anchoring tungsten oxide nanorods on TiO2 nanowires coupled with carbon for efficient lithium-ion storage
Authors: Wang Teng , Qin Yifan , Hu Renquan , Wei Zehui , Yang Yong
Published: October 2023

Reasonable construction of hierarchical electrode materials is verified as a promising way to improve the electrochemical performance due to the synergistic effect between unique components and constructions.
β-Carbolines norharman and harman change neurobehavior causing neurological damage inCaenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Zhang Luyao , Liu Jialu , Xu Bufan , Wu Di , Wu Yongning , Li Guoliang
Published: October 2023

β-Carbolines norharman and harman, belonging to the class of heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs), are typical hazardous substances produced during the thermal processing of food.
Effects of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide nanomaterials on porcine endothelial progenitor cells
Authors: Polo-Montalvo Alberto , Cicuéndez Mónica , Casarrubios Laura , Barroca Nathalie , da Silva Daniela , Feito María José , Diez-Orejas Rosalía , Serrano María Concepción , Marques Paula A. A. P. , Portolés María Teresa
Published: October 2023

Effects of GO and rGO nanomaterials on porcine endothelial progenitor cells.
The nano-revolution in the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis
Authors: Volpini Cristina , Bloise Nora , Dominoni Mattia , Barra Fabio , Vellone Valerio Gaetano , Minzioni Paolo , Gardella Barbara , Ferrero Simone , Visai Livia
Published: October 2023

Recent nanoapplications in diagnosis, therapy and theranostics of endometriosis, including the combination with phototherapy and a guideline for design for this type of approach.
Synthesis and characterization of bio-based transesterification catalysts for green 3D-printable dynamic photopolymers
Authors: Sölle Bernhard , Shaukat Usman , Rossegger Elisabeth , Schlögl Sandra
Published: October 2023

Various bio-based transesterification catalysts and monomers were synthesized to enable the development of sustainable covalent adaptable networks for DLP-3D printing.
Electron density mapping of boron clusters via convolutional neural networks to augment structure prediction algorithms
Authors: Saha Pinaki , Nguyen Minh Tho
Published: October 2023

Promolecule density based featureless learning of boron nanoclusters.
Preparation of fluffy bimodal conjugated electrospun poly(lactic acid) air filters with low pressure drop
Authors: Lin Minggang , Shen Jinlin , Wang Bingbing , Chen Yangyi , Zhang Chuyang , Qi Huan
Published: October 2023

A straightforward method for producing PLA filters with a bimodal diameter distribution. It's a fluffy structure that enhances the physical interception of particulate matter by increasing the pore length.
Rapid investigation of the effect of binary and ternary solvent gradient mixtures on reaction outcomes using a continuous flow system
Authors: Drelinkiewicz Dawid , Corrie Tom J. A. , Whitby Richard J.
Published: October 2023

A flow technique for rapid investigation of the effects of solvents mixtures on organic transformations was developed. Reaction information against a full range of binary or ternary solvent mixture composition was obtained in a time efficient manner.
Rational design of copper(i)-doped metal–organic frameworks as dual-functional nanocarriers for combined chemo–chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Yao Lijia , Chen Bingquan , Wu Hailong , Cui Yuanjing , Qian Guodong
Published: October 2023

A dual-functional nanocarrier was constructed via in situ crystallization with DOX drugs covalently connected to the surface of CuZn-ZIF for combining chemotherapy and chemodynamic therapy.
Self-assembly of MAPbBr3/Pb-MOF heterostructures with enhanced photocatalytic CO2 reduction performance and stability
Authors: Zhou Dan-Yang , Su Wan-Ting , Li Xin-Yu , Hong Tao , Pan Guang-Yu , Xu Mei-Ling , Liu Fu-Tian , Li Kui
Published: October 2023

The MAPbBr3/Pb-MOF heterojunction in situ fabricated via a self-sacrificial template method demonstrated a photocatalytic CO2 reduction activity of 4.8 times larger than that of pristine MAPbBr3 and excellent photocatalytic stability.
Do you know what happens to you after you die?
Authors: Anderson Gail S.
Published: October 2023

When we die, we will decompose and we may be colonized by carrion insects. These insects recycle our bodies back to the earth but, as insects develop at a predictable rate and colonize in a predictable sequence, they can be used to indicate the minimum elapsed time since death, which is extremely important in a homicide investigation. Insects are often the first witnesses to a crime. Knowing the time of death can make or break an alibi and help identify an unknown victim. Carrion insects can also indicate whether the body has been moved or disturbed, has suffered wounds or has been poisoned, and can even be used to identify a victim when no body is found. In living victims, insects may cleanse necrotic wounds and can be used to estimate how long an abused or neglected person or pet has suffered.
Augmented reality‐based telepresence in a robotic manipulation task: An experimental evaluation
Authors: de Boer Thomas A. B. , de Winter Joost C. F. , Eisma Yke Bauke
Published: October 2023

A spectrum of control methods in human–robot interaction was investigated, ranging from direct control to telepresence with a virtual representation of the robot arm. A total of 24 participants used a setup that included a Franka Emika Panda robot arm, Varjo XR‐3 head‐mounted display, and Leap Motion Controller. Participants performed a box‐and‐block task using the bare hand (A), and under five gesture‐controlled robotic operation methods: direct sight (B), sight via video‐feedthrough (C), in a 3D telepresence environment with (D) and without (E) virtual representation of the robot arm, and using a 2D video feed (F). The number of grabbing attempts did not differ significantly between conditions, but local operation (B & C) yielded more transferred blocks than teleoperation (D–F). Teleoperation using a 3D presentation was advantageous compared to teleoperation using a 2D video feed, as demonstrated by lower peak forces and smaller range in gripper heights in conditions D and E compared to condition F, a finding supported by analyses of the head movement activity. Finally, the bare hand yielded the best performance and subjective ratings. In summary, teleoperation using a 3D presentation provided a smoother interaction than teleoperation with a 2D video feed. However, direct human interaction remains a benchmark yet to surpass.
A fuse‐based DC circuit breaker with vacuum interrupter enhanced by an external transverse magnetic field
Authors: Xiao Yu , Wu Yi , Wu Yifei , Yang Fei , Rong Mingzhe , Yang Zhuo
Published: October 2023

Due to the increasing power system capacity, the interruption of large fault currents has gradually become a major challenge in power systems. At the moment, such currents are interrupted mainly via circuit breakers based on the method of active current commutation. However, these types of circuit breakers tend to be costly and oversized. One possible alternative—a fuse‐based circuit breaker with current commutation process enhanced by an external transverse magnetic field (ETMF)—is proposed by the authors. Its main advantage lies in the fast current commutation achieved by an ETMF‐enhanced three‐stage increase of the vacuum arc voltage. The study of the current commutation process is mainly represented by the authors, and the influencing factors of the current commutation—contact opening speed and ETMF current—are discussed. At last, the proposed circuit breaker is verified by an experiment, whose results show that a short‐circuit current of 42 kA can be interrupted within just 2 ms.
Total Body Washout (TBW)
Authors: Groat Donald L.
Published: October 2023

Asanguineous hypothermic total body washout is the ultimate extension of extracorporeal total bypass technology if conducted properly and the disease and state of coma diagnosed promptly enough to enable the patient to undergo the simple but traumatic procedure.
Differenzialdiagnostik (1)
Authors: Lüdtke Kerstin
Published: October 2023

In den folgenden 3 Artikeln steht eine wesentliche Funktion der Differenzialdiagnostik im Mittelpunkt: das Erkennen von Warnsignalen, die es in der Regel erfordern, Patient*innen zum Arzt zu (zurück) zu schicken. Einleitend ein kurzes Update zu den Red Flags und dem gesamten Flaggensystem. Danach erleben Sie an einem konkreten Fall exemplarisch das physiotherapeutische Vorgehen beim Untersuchen und die ärztliche Einschätzung der Warnsignale.
Mehr Nachhaltigkeit wagen: Wie sich die grüne Praxis realisieren lässt
Authors: Polzer Astrid
Published: October 2023

Der Gesundheitssektor ist für 5,2% des gesamten CO2-Ausstoßes in Deutschland verantwortlich und erzeugt mehr Emissionen als der gesamte deutsche Flug- und Schiffsverkehr. Um den Klimawandel aufzuhalten, muss auch das Gesundheitssystem umdenken und nachhaltig mit Ressourcen umgehen. Ambulante Physiotherapiepraxen können ebenso ihren Teil zum Klimaschutz beitragen. Das „Handbuch Grüne Praxen“ zeigt mit vielen Tipps wie’s geht – eine Buchempfehlung.
The impacts of high-speed railway on environmental sustainability: quasi-experimental evidence from China
Authors: Shen Qiong , Pan Yuxi , Feng Yanchao
Published: October 2023

With growing concerns over resource depletion and environmental degradation, the role of high-speed railways in fostering a transition towards sustainable energy sources has gained prominence. Against this background, we treat the opening of high-speed railways as a quasi-natural study, analyze data from Chinese industrial enterprises and 285 prefecture-level cities to investigate the impact of high-speed railways on environmental sustainability, specifically focusing on fossil fuel consumption and carbon emissions. Our results unequivocally demonstrate that the introduction of high-speed railways has been instrumental in promoting eco-friendly development, as evidenced by a notable reduction in traditional resource consumption and carbon emissions along the railway routes. This inhibitory effect has strengthened over time and with increasing distance from the railway. Additionally, we identify significant spatial spillover and spatial conduction effects resulting from high-speed railway operations. Heterogeneity tests reveal that third-tier cities, non-megacities, and mature resource-based cities are particularly receptive to these sustainable impacts. Besides, Mechanism analysis suggests that accelerated elements flow, enhanced technological innovation, improved labor productivity, and upgrading of industrial structure serve as potential pathways leading to eco-sustainability. These findings highlight the environmentally friendly attributes of high-speed railways and underscore the pressing need for effective policy measures to facilitate a global transition towards renewable energy, both in China and worldwide.
Characterization of harmonic modes and parasitic resonances in multi-mode superconducting coplanar resonators
Authors: Beydeda Cenk , Nikolaou Konstantin , Tochtermann Marius , Ebensperger Nikolaj G. , Untereiner Gabriele , Farag Ahmed , Karl Philipp , Ubl Monika , Giessen Harald , Dressel Martin , Scheffler Marc
Published: October 2023

Planar superconducting microwave transmission line resonators can be operated at multiple harmonic resonance frequencies. This allows covering wide spectral regimes with high sensitivity, as it is desired, e.g., for cryogenic microwave spectroscopy. A common complication of such experiments is the presence of undesired “spurious” additional resonances, which are due to standing waves within the resonator substrate or housing box. Identifying the nature of individual resonances (“designed” vs “spurious”) can become challenging for higher frequencies or if elements with unknown material properties are included, as is common for microwave spectroscopy. Here, we discuss various experimental strategies to distinguish designed and spurious modes in coplanar superconducting resonators that are operated in a broad frequency range up to 20 GHz. These strategies include tracking resonance evolution as a function of temperature, magnetic field, and microwave power. We also demonstrate that local modification of the resonator, by applying minute amounts of dielectric or electron spin resonance-active materials, leads to characteristic signatures in the various resonance modes, depending on the local strength of the electric or magnetic microwave fields.
Academic achievement of minority home language students with special education needs in English language of instruction and French immersion programs
Authors: Sutton Ann , Genesee Fred , Kay-Raining Bird Elizabeth , Chen Xi , Sorenson Duncan Tamara , Pagan Stephanie , Oracheski Joan
Published: October 2023

This study explored the academic achievement of students who speak a minority language (ML) at home (i.e., a language other than the official languages of Canada, English and French) and who have special education needs (SEN), in two educational programs that differed in language of instruction: English language of instruction (ELoI), and Early French Immersion (EFI). The proportion of students (n =  131) meeting the provincial standard in reading, writing, and mathematics and the effect of gender, place of birth, socio-economic status, English proficiency level, and program were analyzed. Writing was the strongest domain, followed by reading and mathematics. ML-SEN students were equally likely to meet the provincial standard whether in ELoI or EFI, and there were few significant predictors of achievement. Participating in EFI did not increase students’ risk of academic difficulty. Additional supports may be beneficial to ML-SEN students in ELoI and EFI programs.
NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for non-volatile bipolar resistive switching memory device
Authors: Patil Rohini P , Nikam Ankita S , Teli Shivanand B , Takaloo Ashkan V , Kamat Rajanish K , Dongale Tukaram D , Kamble Pradip D , Garadkar Kalyanrao M
Published: October 2023

The present work reports the chemical synthesis of NiFe2O4 (NFO) nanoparticles (NPs) and its use as a switching layer material in resistive switching (RS) devices. Various analytical techniques were used to confirm the phase, composition, and optical properties of the NFO NPs. With the support of the x-ray diffraction technique, crystal structure (cubic spinel) and crystallite size (20.12 nm) were determined. Field emission scanning electron microscopy confirmed the material morphology. Raman Spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy were applied to identify the NFO NPs functional groups. The Ag/NFO/fluorine-doped tin oxide device was fabricated, which shows bipolar RS with good endurance (104cycles) and retention (6 × 103 s) properties. Moreover, the device’s conduction and RS mechanisms were also carried out.
Interplays between classical and quantum entanglement-assisted communication scenarios
Authors: Vieira Carlos , de Gois Carlos , Pollyceno Lucas , Rabelo Rafael
Published: October 2023

Prepare-and-measure scenarios (pm), in their many forms, can be seen as the basic building blocks of communication tasks. As such, they can be used to analyze a diversity of classical and quantum protocols—of which dense coding and random access codes are key examples—in a unified manner. In particular, the use of entanglement as a resource in pm scenarios have only recently started to be systematically investigated, and many crucial questions remain open. In this work, we explore such scenarios and provide answers to some seminal questions. More specifically, we show that, in scenarios where entanglement is a free resource, quantum messages are equivalent to classical ones with twice the capacity. We also prove that, in such scenarios, it is always advantageous for the parties to share entangled states of dimension greater than the transmitted message. Finally, we show that unsteerable states cannot provide advantages in classical communication tasks, thus proving that not all entangled states are useful resources in these scenarios.
Incompatibility of standard galaxy bias models in general relativity
Authors: Yoo Jaiyul
Published: October 2023

The standard model for galaxy bias is built in a Newtonian framework, and several attempts
have been made in the past to put it in a relativistic framework. The focus of past works was,
however, to use the same Newtonian formulation, but to provide its interpretation in a
relativistic framework by either fixing a gauge condition or transforming to a local coordinate
system. Here we demonstrate that these reverse-engineered approaches do not respect the
diffeomorphism symmetry in general relativity, and we need to develop a covariant model of galaxy
bias that is diffeomorphism compatible. We consider a simple toy model for galaxy bias and discuss
the impact for measuring the primordial non-Gaussianity.