bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECTS OF FRUIT POSITION ON SOME MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL FEATURES IN SPUR-TYPE DELICIOUS APPLES
Authors: MEHERIUK M. , FISHER D. V.
Published: March 2010

A 2-yr study was conducted on the relation of fruit position in the blossom cluster to shape, size, weight, stem length, stem thickness, type of stem cavity, internal color, firmness, acidity, soluble solids, and incidence of physiological disorders in spur-type Delicious apples. Fruit was hand-thinned to either single terminal, single lateral, or paired fruits (terminal and lateral fruits on the same cluster). Single terminal fruits were significantly longer than single lateral fruits. Terminal fruits from pairs were significantly greater in length to breadth ratio, were longer, had a larger diameter, weighed more, and had more shallow stem cavities than the corresponding lateral fruits of the pairs. No significant differences between terminal and lateral fruits were observed for stem thickness, internal color, firmness at harvest, acidity, soluble solids, and physiological disorders.
RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE AND MINERAL NUTRITION TO CARBON DIOXIDE ENRICHMENT IN THE FORCING OF POT CHRYSANTHEMUMS
Authors: SKOYE D. A. , TOOP E. W.
Published: March 2010

Spring and fall greenhouse crops of pot chrysanthemum, Chrysanthemum morifolium Ram. cult Improved Princess Anne, were raised under two temperature regimes, three levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide, and four mineral nutrition treatments. The temperature–carbon dioxide interaction was the most important relationship among these factors in affecting the growth and maturity of the plants. Of the treatments used, carbon dioxide at 1,000 ppm and temperatures of 15 C night and 20–24 C day appeared to be best in producing a compact pot chrysanthemum with a satisfactory flower size. Nutrient levels tested were of minor importance in influencing the effects of temperature or carbon dioxide level.
ASSOCIATION OF CERCOSPORA LEAF SPOT, GROSS SUCROSE, PERCENTAGE SUCROSE, AND ROOT WEIGHT IN SUGARBEET
Authors: SMITH G. A. , RUPPEL E. G.
Published: March 2010

not available
PEROXIDASE ISOZYMES IN MATURE BARLEY KERNELS
Authors: LaBERGE D. E. , KRUGER J. E. , MEREDITH W. O. S.
Published: March 2010

Fourteen cationic peroxidase isozymes were detected in mature barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) kernels using polyacrylamide slabs for disc electrophoresis at pH 4.75. The actual number of isozymes detected on electrophoretograms of a particular barley cultivar was dependent on the hydrogen donor used for staining the peroxidase isozymes. In this respect, 3-amino-9-ethyl carbazole and o-dianisidine were superior to guaiacol, catechol, and benzidine as donors for differentiating the isozymes. Barley cultivars were classified into three categories based on varietal differences of peroxidase isozyme patterns. Evidence is presented to suggest that peroxidase isozymes may be useful genetic markers in cereal breeding work, but the results were not sufficiently detailed to present a hypothesis on the mode of inheritance of the different isozymes.
EFFECTS OF AN AUDIBLE SOUND FREQUENCY ON TOTAL AMINO ACIDS AND MAJOR FREE ALCOHOL-SOLUBLE AMINO ACIDS OF RIDEAU WHEAT GRAINS
Authors: MEASURES MARY , WEINBERGER PEARL
Published: March 2010

The alcohol-soluble amino acids of imbibed Rideau wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains exposed to 2 C was modified by sonication at 5 kHz for 4 wk. Although the free amino acid content of this fraction was unchanged, the percentage of glycine and aspartic acid was higher in the endosperm of nonsonicated controls. By contrast, the sonicated series always had comparatively more alanine in the embryo and less in the endosperm than comparable control grains. The amount of glycine and alanine was always substantially higher whereas asparagine content was lower in sonicated endosperm tissue as compared with untreated controls. Generally, the amino acid content of both the embryo and endosperm was higher in the control series.
WINTERHARDINESS OF ALFALFA CULTIVARS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: HEINRICHS D. H.
Published: March 2010

Winter injury occurring at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, was recorded in 17 tests during the period 1962–72. Cultivars developed in the Northern Great Plains Region of the USA and in Canada were generally more winter-hardy than cultivars developed in other regions of North America or in Europe. Cultivars classified as Medicago media Pers. were more winter-hardy than those classified as Medicago sativa L. Very few USA cultivars were more winter-hardy than Vernal, but most Canadian cultivars were. In nonhardy cultivars winter injury never occurred during the first winter, but it often occurred in the second winter and frequently in the third winter. There was considerably more winter injury among alfalfa cultivars on irrigated land than on dry land. Based on results from these tests, 50 cultivars and strains have been classified for relative winterhardiness under climatic conditions in southern Saskatchewan, Canada.
INHERITANCE OF RESISTANCE TO THE EUROPEAN CORN BORER IN GRAIN CORN
Authors: CHIANG M. S. , HUDON M.
Published: March 2010

Genetic studies of resistance to leaf feeding by the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner), in grain corn, Zea mays L., were conducted using an 8 × 8 diallel cross. In the eight inbreds used, the additive component appeared to be the most important in determining resistance to leaf feeding. There was only one group of genes showing some degree of dominance. Heritability was estimated at 40%. Possible reasons for the significance of the environmental component were discussed. The feasibility of developing resistant lines or varieties in Quebec was also considered.
VERTICAL MOVEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF MELOIDOGYNE INCOGNITA (NEMATODEA) UNDER TOMATO IN A SANDY LOAM GREENHOUSE SOIL
Authors: JOHNSON P. W. , McKEEN C. D.
Published: March 2010

The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White 1919) Chitwood 1949, escaped control by steam, Vorlex, or a combination of both at soil depths below 100 cm in naturally infested sandy loam greenhouse soil. Nematodes moved upward to infest the subsequent crop. In microplot studies M. incognita moved rapidly in both directions through a soil depth of 150 cm. High nematode population densities and root gall indices on tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) roots were recorded through depths of 150 cm in soil inoculated with 4,400 M. incognita/kg in the top 30 cm or 120–135 cm below the surface. In the top 30 cm of soil this initial population density reduced tomato yield by 20% in the first crop and 70% in the second. Similar population densities 120–135 cm from the soil surface reduced tomato yield by 11% in the first crop and 59% in the second.
CHRONIC OZONE OR SULFUR DIOXIDE EXPOSURES, OR BOTH, AFFECT THE EARLY VEGETATIVE GROWTH OF SOYBEAN
Authors: TINGEY DAVID T. , WICKLIFF CARLOS , REINERT RICHARD A. , HECK WALTER W.
Published: March 2010

Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) cult Hood and Dare were exposed to low concentrations of ozone or sulfur dioxide, or both, during the first 3 wk of growth. Foliar injury occurred on both cultivars in the ozone and mix treatments. Dare developed more foliar injury than Hood. Plant height, top and root fresh and dry weights, and the dry shoot–root ratios were significantly reduced by the 10-pphm ozone treatment. The mix of 5 pphm ozone plus 5 pphm sulfur dioxide significantly reduced top fresh weight, root fresh and dry weights, and shoot–root ratios. Treatments of 5 pphm ozone, 5 pphm or 20 pphm sulfur dioxide had no significant effects on plant growth. The growth reductions resulting from the ozone–sulfur dioxide mix were greater than the additive reductions of the single gases. The lack of a significant cultivar × treatment interaction indicated that the growth of the two cultivars responded similarly to the various treatments.
SELECTIVITY OF BENAZOLIN IN CRUCIFERAE
Authors: SALAM M. A. , DOWNEY R. K.
Published: March 2010

The relative response of some economically important Cruciferae genera and species to benazolin (4-chloro-2-oxobenzothiazolin-3-ylacetic acid) was evaluated under field conditions and related to their phylogeny. Of the species examined only wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC) L. C. Wheeler) showed almost complete susceptibility to benazolin at the 0.56 and 0.84 kg/ha rates of application, although B. nigra (L.) plants were severely damaged. Other related genera and species responded in varying degrees from almost no visible reaction in B. hirta Moench, B. napus L., and Crambe spp., through slight symptoms of leaf curl in B. campestris L., to more pronounced effects in B. juncea (L.) Coss, B. carinata Braun, and Raphanus sativus L. The heavier rate of benazolin application resulted in the greatest differentiation among species. The species reaction to benazolin tended to follow the genome relationship, with the amphidiploids B. juncea and B. carinata being intermediate in tolerance between the putative parent species, B. nigra and B. campestris or B. oleracea L. Differential species response suggests that benazolin may be effective for control of B. kaber in crops of B. hirta and Crambe species.
EFFECTS OF THE LARVAL PARASITES DIADEGMA INSULARIS AND MICROPLITIS PLUTELLAE ON THE ABUNDANCE OF THE DIAMONDBACK MOTH IN SASKATCHEWAN RAPE AND MUSTARD CROPS
Authors: PUTNAM L. G.
Published: March 2010

The larvae of the diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella) in the rape and mustard (Brassica spp.) crops of Saskatchewan are parasitized in varying degrees by the ichneumonid Diadegma insularis and the braconid Microplitis plutellae. During a 10-yr period, reduction of the first host generation by the two parasites together varied from 35 to 81%, averaging 68%. M. plutellae was usually predominant in this generation. In a given larval population, the lesser percentage would permit a following moth population about three times that of the greater. The overall average parasitism declined to 41% in the second host generation, where it is of less importance because of the reduced importance of the third host generation.
EFFECTS OF NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON THE YIELD AND PROTEIN CONTENT OF FIVE SPRING WHEATS
Authors: KNOTT D. R.
Published: March 2010

Six tests were run in 1970 and 1971 to measure the yield and protein response of five diverse wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.) to fertilizer treatments and particularly to nitrogen. The results indicate that complex interactions occur between cultivars, locations, and fertilizer treatments. Of the five cultivars, Pitic 62 and Era showed little yield response to the treatments used but gave the largest increases in protein content. Inia 66 and W.S. 1809 gave the largest increases in yield but showed little increase in protein content. Neepawa gave intermediate responses in both yield and protein content. In general, the heaviest applications of fertilizer did not produce significant increases in yield beyond those produced by the lower applications.
EFFECTS OF SHADING OF THE LEAF SHEATH ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE TILLER STEMS OF KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
Authors: CORDUKES W. E. , FISHER JOHN E.
Published: March 2010

Two separate greenhouse experiments were conducted to measure the effects of shading of the leaf sheath on the growth and development of tiller stems of cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.). In the first experiment, four cultivars were grown as single plants and the initial stem was shielded, allowing the tip of the leaf blade to protrude slightly but retaining the sheath in darkness. As growth of the tiller proceeded, further shields were added in a similar fashion for a growth period of 234 days. The second experiment was similarly conducted but included nine cultivars representing a wide range of latitudinal origin. They were grown for a period of 188 days. All shielded stems were much longer than the unshaded stems and developed into long aerial rhizomes with vegetative rhizome-type buds with cataphylls, indicating the morphogenic effect of light on the leaf sheath and the apparent insensitivity of the leaf blade in this reaction. The growth of the stem and buds of the cultivars Windsor, Merion, Geary, and Belturf was less than the growth of stem and buds of Fylking, Pennstar, and Nugget, whereas growth of the uppermost leaf blade was greater. Fylking, Pennstar, and Nugget produced longer stems with many actively growing side shoots and a shorter upper leaf blade. This method of shading might be used as a screening technique in a selection program, particularly for Kentucky bluegrass.
GROWTH OF OTTAWA HYBRID SEEDLING ROOTSTOCKS TOPWORKED WITH MCINTOSH AND QUINTE APPLES AND ITS RELATION TO EARLY YIELD
Authors: FEJER S. O. , SPANGELO L. P. S.
Published: March 2010

not available
RELATION OF NUTRIENT CONTENT OF RUTABAGA LEAVES TO FERTILIZATION WITH N, P, AND K
Authors: MUNRO D. C. , CUTCLIFFE J. A.
Published: March 2010

Rutabagas (Brassica napobrassica Mill., cult York) were grown at three locations per year for 3 yr in factorial experiments of four levels of N, P, and K. Uppermost mature leaves were sampled at the beginning of root enlargement, at harvest time, and once between these dates. The leaf tissue was dried, ground, and analyzed for total N, P, and K. Percent N in leaf tissue was substantially increased by applied N, increased by applied P at some locations, and decreased by applied K. Percent P was increased by applied P and somewhat by applied N but decreased by applied K. Applied K increased the K content of leaf tissues but applied P and N caused substantial decreases in tissue K. Tissue N, P, and K decreased as the crop matured. To prevent nutrient deficiencies, rutabaga leaf-tissue at the beginning of root enlargement must contain at least 4.1% N, 0.46% P, and 2.0% K. Optimum nutrient levels for good yields are in the ranges 5.4–5.9% N, 0.58–0.70% P, and 3.0–3.8% K at this stage of growth.
RESIDUES IN PLANTS GROWN IN SOILS TREATED WITH THE EXPERIMENTAL INSECTICIDE VELSICOL HCS-3260
Authors: WILSON D. M. , OLOFFS P. C.
Published: March 2010

A study was conducted with the experimental high-purity chlordane insecticide Velsicol HCS-3260 to determine translocation of residues into plants grown in soils previously treated with the compound. Levels of parent compound and metabolites were determined in the edible portions of vegetable crops and alfalfa for two growing seasons after applications to soils at 5.6 and 11.2 kg of active ingredient per hectare, June 1971. Residue levels in the vegetable crops were: radishes [Formula: see text] potatoes [Formula: see text] carrots [Formula: see text] beans. Crops grown in soils treated at the lower rate contained correspondingly lower residue levels. In 1972, levels in the root crops reflected the decrease of those in the corresponding soils. Beans, however, contained the same residue levels in both years. The aerial parts in alfalfa contained, in addition to α- and γ-chlordane, the metabolites photo-α-chlordane and oxychlordane. The latter may have been formed within the plants via the intermediate 1,2-dichlorochlordene, whereas the former may have been translocated from the soil.
A MULTIORIFICE RAPESEED COUNTER
Authors: REID W. S. , DOWNEY R. K.
Published: March 2010

not available
EFFECTS OF THE CONTINUOUS USE OF 2,4-D AND MCPA ON SPRING WHEAT PRODUCTION AND WEED POPULATIONS
Authors: McCURDY E. V. , MOLBERG E. S.
Published: March 2010

An experiment was conducted to determine whether annual applications of herbicides have any harmful residual effects on the growth of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Amine and ester formulations of (2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid (2,4-D) were applied to plots on Indian Head clay soil each year from 1947 to 1972. On other plots in the same experiment, the sodium salt of 2,4-D was applied each year from 1947 to 1952, followed by amine or ester formulations of [(4-chloro-o-tolyl)oxy]acetic acid (MCPA) from 1953 to 1972. Two rates of application were used, a low rate suitable for controlling susceptible annual weeds and a high rate suitable for controlling perennial weeds. Check plots receiving no herbicide were arranged to be adjacent to each treated plot. A 3-yr rotation of wheat, wheat, summer fallow was followed. The effects of the herbicides on grain yields and weed growth were observed. Some reductions in grain yields were caused by the high rates of ester formulations but there was no evidence of any buildup of herbicides or harmful residual effects from the treatments. The herbicides did not eradicate any of the weeds but drastically reduced the numbers emerging in the crops and on the summer fallow.
MANAGEMENT FOR YIELD AND PROTEIN OF FIELD PEAS IN SASKATCHEWAN
Authors: SOSULSKI F. W. , McLEAN L. A. , AUSTENSON H. M.
Published: March 2010

In experimental plots, the yields of field pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars averaged 25 q/ha and the protein contents varied between 25 and 31% over a wide range of management conditions. These values greatly exceeded the Saskatchewan provincial average yield of 13.5 q/ha and a protein range of 16–27% among farm samples in 1970. In the plot experiments, the commercial cultivars showed little variation in protein content but one strain from the world collection was high in protein content and seed yield. Seed inoculation, early planting, intermediate seeding rates and narrow row spacings favored high seed yields and did not adversely affect the protein content of field peas. Phosphorus and nitrogen fertilizers increased protein content, and irrigation did not decrease the protein level when these fertilizers were applied.
EFFECTS OF THREE VIRUS DISEASES AND THEIR COMBINATIONS ON FRUIT YIELD OF STRAWBERRIES
Authors: BOLTON A. T.
Published: March 2010

The results of a 5-yr study of the effect of virus diseases and virus disease combinations on fruit size and yield of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) are reported. The viruses causing veinbanding, latent C, and mottle, and combinations of veinbanding-latent C, veinbanding-mottle, and latent C-mottle were introduced into healthy and latent A-infected Redcoat plants. Runner plants from these were planted in the field and yield and size of fruit were recorded during the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd yr of production. In addition, a yield comparison was made of the cultivars Redcoat, Sparkle, and Catskill infected with the veinbanding-latent C complex. Fruit yield and size were affected by all virus diseases. Mottle virus caused little yield loss the 1st yr but reduced yield 11.5% the 3rd yr. The combination of veinbanding-latent C reduced yield 17.1% the 1st fruiting yr and 88.2% total fruit and 100% salable fruit the 3rd yr. Other viruses had intermediate effects.
BIOLOGICAL FLORA OF THE CANADIAN PRAIRIE PROVINCES II. ASTRAGALUS VEXILLIFLEXUS SHELD.
Authors: LOOMAN J.
Published: March 2010

Astragalus vexilliflexus Sheld. is a rather uncommon legume with a limited distribution in Saskatchewan and Alberta in pioneer habitat types. Data on its morphology, phenology and ecology are presented.
YIELD COMPONENT DEVELOPMENT IN FOUR ISOGENIC BARLEY LINES DIFFERING IN AWN LENGTH
Authors: FARIS D. G.
Published: March 2010

Four backcross-derived isogenic lines of Atlas barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) differing in awn length (Full-, Half-, Quarter-awned and Awnless) were grown in the field for 3 yr in northern Alberta. On the average the highest yielding line was Half-awned outyielding (P < 0.10) Awnless by 5%. Weight per seed was linearly related to awn length with a regression of 0.33 mg/cm of awn. Examination of other components of yield showed that increased awn length was associated with reduced number of spikes and florets per plant. The results suggested that the magnitude of these yield components was partially dependent on competition for nutrients during the early ontogeny of the spike between the awns at the base and the developing florets at the tip of the spike. The long daylength was suggested as a factor which might put Full-awned at a disadvantage at Beaverlodge despite high yield levels there. Application of the findings to barley breeding programs is proposed.
EFFECTS OF GROWTH STAGE ON TRANSLOCATION OF GLYPHOSATE IN QUACK GRASS
Authors: RIOUX R. , BANDEEN J. D. , ANDERSON G. W.
Published: March 2010

Visual symptoms of toxicity (inhibition of leaf growth and bud germination) were used to study the influence of growth stage of quack grass (Agropyron repens (L.) Beauv.) on glyphosate (N-phosphonomethyl glycine) transport and efficiency. Glyphosate (or a toxic metabolite) moved in sufficient quantity from the point of application on the leaf within 1 day to significantly affect the regrowth and within 2 days to affect the regenerative potential of rhizomes. As quack grass plants developed to the four-leaf stage the effect of glyphosate treatment increased. When only one shoot was sprayed on a rhizome supporting two shoots at the same leaf stage, glyphosate inhibited leaf growth on the untreated shoot at the two-leaf stage but not at the four-leaf stage. Similarly, glyphosate inhibited leaf growth on tillers when only the main shoot was sprayed. However, when only the tiller was sprayed, leaf production was not affected on the main shoot suggesting that glyphosate is phloem mobile.
VARIATIONS IN PHOTOSYNTHESIS, CHLOROPHYLL CONTENT, AND RIBULOSE-l,5-DIPHOSPHATE CARBOXYLASE ACTIVITY WITHIN TOBACCO LEAVES
Authors: ASHWORTH E. N. , SVEC L. V.
Published: March 2010

Photosynthetic rate on an area basis did not differ when tobacco (Nicotinana tabacum L., ’White Burley’) leaf discs were sampled from margin and base tissue but was greater at the leaf base when expressed per unit chlorophyll or fresh weight. Chlorophyll concentration, ribulose-1,5-diphosphate carboxylase activity, and fresh and dry weights were significantly higher in discs from the margin. If location on the leaf and method of expressing data are not standardized when making comparisons of photosynthesis on a microbasis either within a single leaf, a single plant or among plants, invalid comparisons and conclusions could result.
UN SYSTEME DE REFROIDISSEMENT DU SOL EN SERRES PAR AIR FORCE
Authors: DESCHÊNES J. M. , ST-PIERRE C. A. , LABERGE C. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF TIME AND FREQUENCY OF HARVESTS ON PRODUCTIVITY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF FERTILIZED AND UNFERTILIZED AWNED SEDGE
Authors: CORNS Wm. G.
Published: March 2010

Awned sedge (Carex atherodes Spreng.) fertilized with 224 kg/ha 16-20-0 plus 112 kg/ha 0-0-60 in shallow water over clay soil in May 1972 and on wet ground on the same plots in October 1972 was not different from controls in yield or chemical composition in 1972 or 1973. All yields in 1973 were less than from corresponding treatments on the same plots in 1972. Plots mowed once and twice each year averaged about 7,500 kg/ha forage, 620 kg/ha protein per year compared with 3,000 kg/ha forage and 520 kg/ha protein for six mowings from late May or early June to September. The latter, however, produced only about one third as much forage in 1973 as in 1972, though its chemical quality either did not decline or tended to increase during the season. Protein and P percentage in first cuttings declined from May to September. There was little change in Ca. Near-maximum fibre content occurred by late June in undisturbed sedge. Analytical data compared favorably with those reported for upland or meadow grasses. On balance, two mowings per year seemed optimum regarding yield and chemical composition. More frequent cuttings soon weakened the stand and therefore apparently would be desirable only as preparation for introduction of other hay, or other cover for wildlife or for elimination of lake margin growth.
COLOR STIMULATION IN ATTACHED APPLES WITH SUPPLEMENTARY LIGHT
Authors: PROCTOR J. T. A.
Published: March 2010

Attached green apples of seven cultivars exposed to natural prevailing light within the tree canopy supplemented by irradiation for 48 h from cool white fluorescent lamps synthesized anthocyanin. The amount of anthocyanin synthesized was correlated with the added incident energy, except when the low temperatures necessary for anthocyanin synthesis in the cultivars McIntosh, Cortland and Northern Spy did not occur. The minimum energy requirement for anthocyanin synthesis varied considerably with cultivar and changed during the season. The anthocyanin content of fruits at harvest was correlated with their potential to produce anthocyanin during the growing season.
RATIO BETWEEN EVAPOTRANSPIRATION FROM LYSIMETERS AND EVAPORATION FROM SMALL EVAPORIMETERS USING 2- AND 3-HOUR PERIODS OF MEASUREMENT
Authors: WILCOX J. C. , SLY W. K.
Published: March 2010

Evaporation (E) was measured from two types of small evaporimeters, and potential evapotranspiration (PET) from lysimeters containing bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss). Under complete vegetative cover and with soil moisture content maintained within the range 100 to 60% available water capacity, evapotranspiration occurred at the potential rate. Records of E, PET and meteorological parameters were taken every 2 or 3 h from dawn to dusk and once overnight and hourly means were determined. Second-degree polynomial regressions indicated a marked increase in PET/E as E increased. This was found by multiple regression to be due mainly to differential effects of radiation on E and PET. Such differential effects were attributed primarily to the effects of light on stomatal opening; hence on PET more than on E. No significant diurnal effects on E, PET or PET/E were found that could not be attributed to variations in radiation, temperature, wind and dew point.
INCREASING WINTER SURVIVAL OF DORMOAT SEEDS BY A TREATMENT INDUCING SECONDARY DORMANCY
Authors: ANDREWS C. J. , BURROWS V. D.
Published: March 2010

Treatment of partially after-ripened dormoat (Avena sativa L. × A. fatua L.) seeds by soaking in water and incubation in an enclosed humid atmosphere for 2 wk induces secondary dormancy and increases the winter survival of field plantings. Immediately after treatment, the seeds are highly dormant when incubated on moist filter paper in petri plates at 20 C, but there is a slight stimulation of germination at low incubation temperature (7 C) and during incubation in soil. The germination response to these two factors increases with time, and reaches 100% when tested after 6 wk dry storage. Germination in petri dishes at 20 C increases slowly with storage time, attaining 57% or less after 12 wk. Germination is increased by decreasing water volume during test, to a level similar to that obtained by incubation of seeds in soil. Survival of dormoat seeds through the winter of 1970–71 was increased an average of threefold by the treatment, to a maximum of 40% in several strains. There is no increase in seed cold hardiness due to the treatment. The treatment increases the dormancy level of seeds before planting, and seed with induced secondary dormancy is only slightly stimulated to germinate by low incubation temperatures. Both these factors increase the number of un-germinated seeds entering winter.
FRUIT PRODUCTION OF AUTUMN-BEARING RASPBERRIES RECEIVING WINTER PROTECTION VS. FALL REMOVAL OF PRIMO CANES
Authors: KEMP G. A.
Published: March 2010

not available
A THERMOCOUPLE PSYCHROMETER CHAMBER FOR FIELD AND LABORATORY USE
Authors: MAYO J. M.
Published: March 2010

not available
CORRELATIONS AMONG KERNEL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATURITY IN FIVE OAT CROSSES
Authors: KAUFMANN M. L.
Published: March 2010

Five kernel characteristics and maturity of 35 random lines in each of five oat (Avena sativa L.) crosses were studied in each of 2 yr. Test weight was negatively correlated with percent bosom kernels in all crosses while kernel weight showed a consistently high positive correlation with percent plump kernels. Of the correlations for 15 pairs of traits measured, 5 showed significant differences between crosses. Interseason correlations were significant in all but 4 of the 30 cases, indicating that there was significant genetic variability for most traits in most crosses. The highest interseason correlations were observed for kernel weight and percent plump kernels. Maturity and percent hull tended to have the lowest interseason correlations. No characteristic showed significant heterogeneity of interseason correlations.
DISTRIBUTION OF COEFFICIENTS OF VARIATION IN CANADIAN EASTERN COOPERATIVE SPRING CEREAL TESTS
Authors: SAMPSON D. R. , MACHADO V. I. L. SOUZA
Published: March 2010

not available
INFLUENCE OF RATES AND FREQUENCY OF NITROGEN APPLICATION THE YEAR PREVIOUS ON SPRING COLOR IN KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS
Authors: NELSON S. H.
Published: March 2010

not available
INHERITANCE OF CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF APPLE FRUIT AND LEAF IN TWO SETS OF DIALLEL CROSSES
Authors: FEJER S. O. , GILLESPIE B. J. A. , JOHNSTON F. B. , HAMMILL MADELEINE M.
Published: March 2010

not available
COMPACT STELLA SWEET CHERRY
Authors: LAPINS K. O.
Published: March 2010

not available
SUMMIT SWEET CHERRY
Authors: LAPINS K. O.
Published: March 2010

not available
A GENERAL-PURPOSE ILLUMINATED TEMPERATURE GRADIENT PLATE
Authors: SMIIH J. DREW , REITER W. W.
Published: March 2010

not available
GENETIC AND REPRODUCTIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF A CHEMICALLY-INDUCED SEMIDWARF MUTANT IN TRITICALE
Authors: SALMON D. F. , LARTER E. N. , GUSTAFSON J. P.
Published: March 2010

The difference in height between a chemically-induced (EMS) semidwarf mutant of hexaploid triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack) and its tall parent (6TA204) was found to be controlled by a single recessive gene. The pedigree of the 6TA204 parent involved the combination of two hexaploid triticales, one octoploid triticale, and one dwarf hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell). The dwarfness of the hexaploid wheat (P41603E), itself known to be conditioned by one or more recessive genes, was masked in the 6TA204 parent. In the derivation of the semidwarf 6TA204, it is postulated that either (1) a dominant gene for tallness was mutated to the recessive state, or (2) that a suppressor gene closely linked with a recessive gene for semidwarfism was impaired by EMS treatment, thereby allowing the expression of the semidwarf condition. Spike length of the semidwarf remained comparable to that of the tall parent; however, its cytological stability and fertility were significantly lower.
AGRONOMIC VARIABILITY IN AGROPYRON SMITHII
Authors: JOHNSTON A. , SMOLIAK S. , MacDONALD M. D.
Published: March 2010

Four hundred sixty-eight ecotypes of western wheatgrass (Agropyron smithii Rydb.) were transplanted into a nursery at Agriculture Canada Research Station, Lethbridge, Alberta. Data were obtained on: plant height, forage yield, seed yield, days to maturity, average number of spikelets per head, and average number of florets and fertile florets per spikelet and per head; and the plants were rated for six characteristics of forage production, i.e., vigor, leafiness, amount of forage, seed set, creeping habit, and winter survival. The study demonstrated the presence in western wheatgrass of adequate variability in agronomic characters to make progress possible in a breeding program.
RESIDUES OF CHLORPYRIPHOS AND LEPTOPHOS IN THREE FIELD-TREATED VEGETABLE CROPS
Authors: BRAUN H. E. , FRANK R. , McEWEN F. L.
Published: March 2010

Residues of chlorpyriphos and leptophos were determined in lettuce (Latuca sativa var. capita L.), onions (Allium cepa var. viviparum Metz), and carrots (Daucus carota var. sativa DC.) treated with two and three applications of the insecticides at rates of 0.6 to 2.4 kg/ha. The first application was made before seeding and the second and third applications were made to the emerged and established seedling, respectively. Mean residues of chlorpyriphos at crop maturity ranged from 0.002 to 0.019 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.010 ppm in onions, and 0.006 to 0.032 ppm in carrots; residues of leptophos in the marketable vegetable ranged from 0.001 to 0.015 ppm in lettuce, 0.002 to 0.013 ppm in onions, and 0.001 to 0.012 ppm in carrots. The respective oxygen analogs could not be detected in any samples. The phenolic hydrolysis product of chlorpyriphos (3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol) was analyzed in carrots and was not detectable to a limit of 0.005 ppm.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 7. Myrica pensylvanica Loisel.
Authors: HALL IVAN V.
Published: March 2010

Myrica pensylvanica Loisel., bayberry (Myricaceae) is a native shrub occurring mainly along or near the seacoast of the Maritime Provinces. M. pensylvanica grows on light sandy soils that are highly acidic, and is the major weed problem of lowbush blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium Ait. and V. myrtilloides Michx.) fields developed on the Culloden soil series in Prince Edward Island. Lateral growth of M. pensylvanica is by rhizome, and following burning, new shoots grow from dormant buds of the stem or rhizome. Due to the waxy nature of the upper surface of the leaves, M. pensylvanica is quite resistant to salt spray and the herbicides 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T in oil applied to cut branches will control this weed.
PROTEIN LEVELS IN DEVELOPING AND MATURE PEA SEEDS
Authors: PANDEY S. , GRITTON E. T.
Published: March 2010

Nine cultivars of peas (Pisum sativum L.) were grown in 1971 and 1972 to study the changes in percent crude protein levels during maturation. Percent protein was found to vary with years, cultivars, and stages of maturity. The year × cultivar, year × maturity, and cultivar × maturity interactions were also important. On a dry weight basis, pea protein concentration as determined by the Kjeldahl method showed a decrease with increasing pea seed maturity through the canning stage. The correlation coefficient between the Kjeldahl and Udy dye-binding methods of protein determination was 0.86 at the mature seed stage, and negligible at the canning stage. There was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.91) between protein concentration at the canning and mature stages of seeds (Kjeldahl method). The correlation coefficient between protein values obtained by the dye-binding method of Ashworth et al. and the Kjeldahl method was lower than between the Kjeldahl and Udy methods.
INHERITANCE OF OLEIC, LINOLEIC AND LINOLENIC ACIDS IN SEED OIL OF RAPESEED (BRASSICA NAPUS)
Authors: KONDRA Z. P. , THOMAS P. M.
Published: March 2010

The fatty acid composition of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) oil was investigated in parental, F1 and F2 plant populations of three crosses among three low erucic acid lines differing in oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid content. The F1 plant population values indicated that the oleic and linoleic acid contents were controlled by a simple additive gene system in one cross. In the other two crosses, partial dominance for high oleic and low linoleic content was observed. Dominance of low linolenic acid values was observed. The heritability estimates for oleic and linoleic acid were similar within each cross. The heritability estimates ranged from 53 to 78% for oleic, 40 to 84% for linoleic and 26 to 59% for linolenic. The estimates of minimum number of effective factors controlling oleic, and linoleic were similar within each cross. The number of effective factors ranged from 2 to 6 for oleic, 3 to 5 for linoleic, 0 to 4 for linolenic. The similarity of genetic behavior of oleic and linoleic acid content within each cross and the very high negative correlation between these components suggests that the relative ratios of oleic and linoleic acid content may be under the control of one genetic system.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 9. Thlaspi arvense L.
Authors: BEST K. F. , MCINTYRE G. I.
Published: March 2010

An account is given of various aspects of the biology of Thlaspi arvense L. This species, commonly known as stinkweed or field pennycress, is found in almost all parts of Canada, but is particularly prevalent as a weed in the cultivated fields of the Prairie Provinces. The paper is one of a series on the biology of Canadian weeds and is concerned primarily with those characteristics of the species which appear to present the main obstacles to its effective control.
RESIDUES IN WHEAT AND SOIL TREATED WITH THE MIXED BUTYL ESTERS OF 2,4-D
Authors: COCHRANE W. P. , RUSSELL J. H.
Published: March 2010

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RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWEEN SURFACTANTS WHEN USED TO CONTROL GREENING IN KENNEBEC POTATO TUBERS AFTER COLD STORAGE
Authors: POAPST P. A. , FORSYTH F. R.
Published: March 2010

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GRAZING SEED FIELD AFTERMATH OF RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS, ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AND GREEN NEEDLEGRASS
Authors: LAWRENCE T. , LODGE R. W.
Published: March 2010

The aftermath (residue) from seed fields of Russian wild ryegrass ((RWR) (Elymus junceus Fisch.)), Altai wild ryegrass ((AWR) (Elymus angustus Trin.)), and green needlegrass ((GNG) (Stipa viridula Trin.)) was grazed with cattle to determine the influence of grazing on the subsequent seed yield and to assess the relative value of the aftermath of the three grasses for fall pasture. Removal of the aftermath by grazing resulted in increased seed yields in subsequent years for all three grasses. However, the results were more pronounced for RWR than for either AWR or GNG. Comparative carrying capacities in animal unit days per hectare over the 6-yr period were 83, 156, and 78 for RWR, AWR, and GNG, respectively. Altai wild ryegrass was found to have a deep root system which could utilize a perched water table at 3–4 m deep. Animal weight gains averaged 44, 58, and 44 kg/ha for RWR, AWR, and GNG, respectively. GNG competed poorly with weeds and had largely disappeared after 6 yr of grazing. The nutritive value and digestibility of the forage available to the animals decreased as grazing progressed.
N–P–K FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON YIELD, COMPOSITION AND RESIDUES OF LETTUCE, CELERY, CARROT AND ONION GROWN ON AN ORGANIC SOIL IN QUEBEC
Authors: HAMILTON HERMAN A. , BERNIER R.
Published: March 2010

Vegetable response to fertilizer treatments of a well decomposed organic soil over a 4-yr period showed potassium as the primary nutrient to be first in short supply for celery (Apium graveolens L.), carrot (Daucus carota L.) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Onion (Allium cepa L.) yields were depressed on the addition of N, P and K in the 1st yr of the experiment, and subsequently did not respond significantly. Only after 4 yr of cropping were there significant differences between plots of celery, carrot and onion receiving no fertilizers and those receiving N and P annually. After 4 yr cropping without the addition of commercial fertilizers, carrot was the crop showing the greatest reduction in yield. With respect to dry matter produced that normally would be left on the land as crop residues, the average for celery, carrot and lettuce was 3.66, 3.60 and 2.03 t/ha respectively. The percentages of the total N, P and K taken up by whole carrot plants and removed in the harvested portion of the crop were 53.3, 51.1 and 51.8%, respectively. Comparable figures for celery were 49.3, 47.0 and 49.5%, respectively; and for lettuce 34.9, 47.9 and 26.7%, respectively. Data are also provided for the total uptake and removal of Ca, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu and B by carrot, celery and lettuce.
SUMMER FALLOW SUBSTITUTES FOR WESTERN MANITOBA
Authors: SPRATT E. D. , STRAIN J. H. , GORBY B. J.
Published: March 2010

Two experiments, each consisting of six 3-yr crop rotations were conducted in Manitoba from 1965 to 1970, one on Assiniboine clay loam soil and the other on Miniota sandy loam soil. Each crop rotation included 2 yr of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), after summer fallow, biennial yellow sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis (L.) Lam.), potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.), corn, (Zea mays L.), oat hay (Avena sativa L.) or flax (Linum usitatissimum L.). On the clay loam soil, yields of wheat were not significantly higher after summer fallow than after sweet clover, and on the sandy loam soil no higher than after sweet clover, potatoes, corn or oat hay. On both soils, protein content of the wheat grain was highest after summer fallow and sweet clover, which can be related to the higher nitrate content of the soils. Summer-fallowing did not increase fall moisture and nutrient reserves significantly above the levels reached after some of the summer fallow substitutes and did not control weeds any better than potatoes or oats. Potatoes, sweet clover and oat hay on clay loam soil, and potatoes, corn and oat hay on the sandy loam soil yielded well and thus were profitable summer fallow substitutes. Consequently, summer-fallowing as a cultural practice should be minimized in western Manitoba and probably in all of the Black soil zone of the Canadian prairies.
YIELD ADVANTAGE IN F1 HYBRIDS BETWEEN SPRING AND WINTER BARLEY
Authors: FEDAK G. , FEJER S. O.
Published: March 2010

Five winter barleys (Hordeum vulgare L.) of interspecific origin were crossed onto five local strains of spring barley, and F1 progeny which were evaluated under solid-seeded and spaced-planted arrangements were compared with their spring parent for yield and seed size. No significant yield advantages were detected under solid seeding. Under spaced planting, 12 of 23 hybrids significantly outyielded their respective spring parents. The levels of yield advantage, which exceeded 100% in some cases, were attributed to the genetic diversity of the parents. There was no relationship between performance of hybrids at the two rates of planting. No significant seed size advantage was observed in any of the hybrids.
RELATIONSHIPS OF POPULATIONS OF TRICHODERMA SPP. IN SOIL TO DISEASE IN MAIZE
Authors: McFADDEN A. G. , SUTTON J. C.
Published: March 2010

Several isolates of Trichoderma koningii Oud. aggr., T. harzianum Rifai aggr., and T. hamatum (Bon) Bain. aggr., recovered from maize (Zea mays L.) plants or maize field soil, produced first-internode lesions in maize seedlings. Lesions were produced in 70–100% of seedlings grown in soil containing 104 or 105 propagules of T. koningii per gram and in 0–10% of seedlings in soil with 103 propagules. The following selective medium was developed for quantitative recovery of Trichoderma spp. from soil: peptone–dextrose agar, rose bengal (17 mg/liter), streptomycin sulfate (30 mg/liter), and formalin (200 ppm). Numbers of propagules of Trichoderma spp. per gram of field soil cropped with maize under zero tillage or conventional tillage, or with soybeans (Glycine max L.) ranged from 5,300 to 15,600, 350 to 1,650, and 20 to 180, respectively, during the growing season. Populations of Trichoderma spp. in soil of maize microplots in which maize tissues were incorporated were greater than in those without added maize tissues. Emergence of maize seedlings grown in soil amended with maize tissues was 23–52% less than in soil without maize amendments, and many plants were stunted. The stunted plants shed pollen 7–10 days later, and produced 58% less grain than normal-sized plants.
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND TRANSPIRATION OF BLOOM AND BLOOMLESS SORGHUM
Authors: CHATTERTON N. J. , LEE D. R. , POWELL J. B. , HANNA W. W.
Published: March 2010

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GRAIN FILLING PERIOD AND GRAIN YIELD RELATIONSHIPS IN SPRING WHEAT
Authors: NASS H. G. , REISER B.
Published: March 2010

Ten cultivars of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were compared on the basis of grain yield determined at intervals after anthesis. When the data on grain yield were transformed to a square root scale, regression methods showed that the growth curves of the grain weight could be adequately represented by low-order polynomial expressions of time from anthesis. The fitted regression coefficients allowed the mid-season filling rate (and its standard error) to be estimated for each variety, and consequently the varietal filling rates could be compared. While the rate of filling appeared to be an important factor in determining the final weight, the length of the grain filling period (anthesis to maturity), by itself, was not.
EFFECTS OF TOMATO RINGSPOT VIRUS ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF RED RASPBERRY
Authors: FREEMAN JACK A. , STACE-SMITH R. , DAUBENY HUGH A.
Published: March 2010

Tomato ringspot virus (TomRSV) was graft-inoculated into 10 raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars in 1970 and plants of root cuttings from infected and virus-free (VF) plants were established in the field in 1971. Data were recorded on the growth of the newly propagated plants in 1971 and on growth and yield in 1972, 1973 and 1974. TomRSV infection resulted in retarding the growth of the young plants arising from the root cuttings of 8 of the 10 cultivars. Chlorotic ringspot markings were evident on many of the young plants arising from the root cuttings, but in subsequent years very few foliar markings were observed. A year after the plants were established, the canes of six cultivars were shorter than those of VF clones. The cultivars Avon, Latham, Lloyd George, and Mailing Jewel had significantly shorter canes in each of the 3 yr that measurements were taken. Only two cultivars, Carnival and Lloyd George, showed a reduction in yield in the 1st cropping year. By the 3rd cropping year, Avon, Glen Clova, Latham, Lloyd George and Meeker all showed a significant reduction in yield. Avon and Lloyd George also showed reduced fruit size. When all growth parameters were considered, the cultivar ranking in order of decreasing susceptibility was as follows: Lloyd George, Avon, Latham, Glen Clova, Meeker, Matsqui, Mailing Jewel, Carnival, Puyallup, and Canby.
EFFECTS OF FLOWER CARE FLORAL PRESERVATIVE ON THE VASE-LIFE AND BLOOM SIZE OF ROSA HYBRIDA CV. FOREVER YOURS ROSES
Authors: PARUPS E. V.
Published: March 2010

Effects of the cut flower preservative Flower Care varied significantly during the different simulated stages of the production–marketing–consumer cycle. The vase-life of the cut rose Rosa hybrida L. cv. Forever Yours was extended the longest when the preservative was used during the consumer period. When used during the simulated wholesale and retail marketing periods this extension in vase-life was less. The effects of the preservative were least when it was used during the immediate postharvest period. The final size of the flower increased significantly when the preservative was used during the simulated wholesale and consumer periods. The experimental data were used in a regression equation for calculation of vaselife at any concentration of preservative used under the given environmental conditions.
THE BIOLOGY OF CANADIAN WEEDS: 12. Dipsacus sylvestris Huds.
Authors: WERNER PATRICIA A.
Published: March 2010

Dipsacus sylvestris Huds., wild teasel, is an introduced weed of pastures, abandoned fields and roadsides occurring in widely-spaced but very dense patches in southern Ontario, Quebec, northeastern U.S.A., and northwestern U.S.A. Original research and information from other studies are incorporated into a summary of the biology of this fugitive plant species.
METHODS FOR EVALUATING FROST HARDINESS IN ALFALFA
Authors: WALTON P. D.
Published: March 2010

Root tissue excised from alfalfa cultivars (Medicago sativa L. and M. media Pers.) was used to determine relationships between impedance, living cell count and duration of low temperature treatment for cold-conditioned material. Correlations exist between all combinations of these three characters. For the cultivars studied, differences were found to exist between regression coefficients for the relationship between tissue impedance and living cell counts when tissue treated with sucrose was compared with tissue receiving no sucrose. The use of sucrose together with cold conditioning was also shown to be effective in detecting small differences in impedance between clones.
COMPARISON OF ROOT PENETRATION OF ALTAI WILD RYEGRASS AND RUSSIAN WILD RYEGRASS
Authors: LAWRENCE T.
Published: March 2010

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