bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Japanese Kanji as a Semantically Based Orthography
Authors: Yamada Jun , Kayamoto Yuriko , Morita Aiko
Published: August 2011

14 Japanese college students were requested to judge as quickly and as accurately as possible whether two Japanese words, one written in syllabic hiragana and the other written in logographic kanji, were pronounced the same or not. More errors and longer latencies were observed when two words were phonologically different but semantically related than when they were phonologically different and semantically unrelated. This finding is interpreted as demonstrating that the connection between kanji and meaning is stronger than that between kanji and phonology.
Family Size and Intelligence Revisited: The Role of Emotional Intelligence
Authors: Morand David A.
Published: August 2011

Studies examining the link between family size and intelligence have consistently found a negative relationship. Children born into larger families tend to score lower on intelligence tests than children raised in smaller families. One recurrent but unexplained finding is that the relation between intelligence and number of siblings is consistently significant for verbal intelligence but inconsistent for nonverbal intelligence. Here, we conceptualize emotional intelligence as one facet of nonverbal intelligence. The research develops a measure of emotional intelligence and uses it to test the hypothesis that emotional intelligence is positively correlated with family size. The results, based upon a sample of graduate students, support the hypothesized relationship. Implications for the study of family size and intelligence, for refining the conceptualizations and measures of nonverbal intelligence, and for leadership theory, are discussed.
Career Success and Personal Failure Feelings among Managers
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This is a report of the responses of a large sample of 530 managerial and professional women and men on four items assessing career success and feelings of personal failure (Korman & Korman, 1980). Indications of work and personal alienation were common among this organizationally successful sample.
Wine Consumption and Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

When state monopolies ended, changes in wine sales in six states were not associated consistently with an increase in the suicide rate.
Ethnicity, Birth Order, and Family Environment
Authors: Marjoribanks Kevin
Published: August 2011

Relationships were examined between birth order and family environment for children from different ethnic groups. Data were collected from 820 11-yr.-olds and their parents from Anglo-, Greek-, and Italian-Australian families. The findings indicated that there were modest significant relations between birth order and measures of parents' aspirations, parental involvement, and parenting style and that the linear and curvilinear nature of the associations differed among ethnic groups.
Preliminary Study of the Effectiveness of Some Heuristics Used to Generate Solutions to Ill-Structured Problems
Authors: Butler Darrell L. , Thomas Kimberly M.
Published: August 2011

Many of the problems people encounter in daily life are ill-structured and typically require use of heuristics to generate possible solutions. This study examined the consequences of three solution-generating heuristics (incubation, brainstorming, and a hierarchical method) on 28 male and 70 female undergraduates' ability to generate solutions to an ill-structured problem involving a roommate who smoked. Subjects first worked on the problem involving a roommate who smoked and then were trained to use brainstorming to generate solutions, to use a hierarchical heuristic to generate solutions, or were assigned to an incubation condition. Once trained, they returned to work on the problem concerning the roommate who smoked. Analysis indicated that the active techniques (brainstorming and the hierarchical method) led to more solutions than passive ones (incubation). The brainstorming technique produced the lowest quality of solutions. Those who used brainstorming produced more illegal solutions and were less likely to indicate that their best solution was generated after training. Participants also indicated that they liked the active techniques more than they liked incubation. Some conceptual replications have been obtained in our laboratory, but more work is needed to determine the relative advantages of these heuristics and the degree to which the results of this study will generalize.
Exploring the Effects of Tape-Recording on Personality Assessment
Authors: Lichton Alex I. , Waehler Charles A.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the possible influence of audio and video recording of personality assessment measures on anxiety. Undergraduate students in psychology were randomly assigned to Audiotape, Videotape, or Control conditions and given the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and Rorschach Inkblot Method. A one-way multivariate analysis of variance indicated no significant differences among these conditions on the Spielberger, et al. State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, A-State scale, and five Rorschach measures of situational anxiety. Tape-recording itself did not seem to affect the anxiety indices of these frequently used personality assessments.
Comment on the Effectiveness of Treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder
Authors: Ross Colin A. , Ellason Joan
Published: August 2011

Methodological criticisms of a recent study on treatment outcome of dissociative identity disorder are accurate; however, the outcome study is more methodologically sound than any previous work and therefore advances the field. The design of other studies and the conclusions to be drawn from the study under discussion are reviewed.
Re-Examination of Assertiveness and Aggressiveness as Potential Moderators of Verbal Intentions
Authors: Swanson Scott R.
Published: August 2011

This research reports the results of a replication of Swanson and McIntyre's 1998 study of assertiveness and aggressiveness as potential moderators of verbal intentions. A convenience sample of 119 women and 71 men participated. Nonassertive subjects were least likely, while Resort-to-Aggressive subjects were the most likely, to talk with acquaintances and others. Nonassertive and Assertive subjects were significantly more likely than Aggressive ones to make recommendations. Finally, men and women scored equally assertive, but men were more likely to score aggressive. The findings generally support the earlier work.
Effect of Changing Alcohol Laws in Iceland on Suicide Rates
Authors: Lester David
Published: August 2011

After the legalization of strong beer in 1989 in Iceland, the decrease in consumption of spirits was accompanied by a decrease in the suicide rate.
Additional Evidence for Validity of the Consideration of Future Consequences Scale in an Academic Setting
Authors: Joireman Jeffrey A.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined the relationship between scores on the Consideration of Future Consequences scale and academic achievement within two samples of undergraduates ( ns = 36 and 24) enrolled in separate statistics courses. Scale scores were positively correlated with grade point average in both samples and predicted success and goal attainment within the second sample.
A Cross-Cultural Comparison of Attitudes toward Persons with Disabilities: Greeks and Greek-Americans
Authors: Zaromatidis Katherine , Papadaki Aspasia , Gilde Alissa
Published: August 2011

The present study compares the attitudes of 101 Greeks and 98 Greek-Americans toward persons with disabilities. The Attitudes Toward Disabled Persons Scale was used to assess subjects' attitudes. Religiosity, education, and amount and type of contact with persons with disabilities were also measured. Analyses indicated that ethnicity accounted for a significant portion (28%) of the variance, with more positive attitudes among Greek-Americans. Also, opportunity to work with persons with disabilities accounted for 3% of the variance. The other variables did not significantly affect attitudes.
Assessing Personality: The Temperament and Character Inventory in a Cross-Cultural Comparison between Germany, Sweden, and the USA
Authors: Richter Jörg , Brändström Sven , Przybeck Tom
Published: August 2011

In this study the American, Swedish, and German versions of the Temperament and Character Inventory were compared based on samples of 300 healthy volunteers each, which had been carefully matched for age and sex. The analyses indicate a high agreement for scores on the temperament and character dimensions and subscales across the samples. Exceptions include minor differences that appear to be due to cultural variations, differences in sampling methods, and of some minor difficulties with two subscales (Exploratory Excitability and Self-acceptance) as well as defining the Persistence factor as an independent dimension of Temperament. The subscales yielded similar internal consistencies, correlational structure, factor structures, and high factor congruence coefficients. The results indicate a cross-cultural transferability of the Temperament and Character dimensions of the inventory. Also, the validity and stability of the seven-factor model of personality, as suggested by Cloninger, is supported.
A Psychometric Analysis of the Three Gunas
Authors: Wolf David B.
Published: August 2011

The Vedic Personality Inventory was devised to assess the validity of the Vedic concept of the three gunas or modes of nature as a psychological categorization system. The sample of 619 subjects included persons of varying ages and occupations from a middle-size city in southeastern United States, and also of subscribers to a magazine focusing on Eastern-style spirituality. The original 90-item inventory was shortened to 56 items on the basis of reliability and validity analyses. Cronbach alpha for the three subscales ranged from .93 to .94, and the corrected item-total correlation of every item score with its subscale score was greater than .50. Three measures of convergent validity and four measures of discriminant validity provide evidence for construct validity. The loading of every item on the scale is stronger for the intended subscale than for any other subscale. Although each subscale contains congeneric items, the factors are not independent. The nonorthogonality is consistent with Vedic theory. This inventory requires psychometric development and testing cross-culturally as well as to be experimentally implemented in group research and individual assessment.
Machiavellianism, Adjustment, and Ethics
Authors: McHoskey John W. , Hicks Brian , Betris Terri , Szyarto Chris , Worzel William , Kelly Kristen , Eggert Tamara , Tesler Adam , Miley Jenny , Suggs Travis
Published: August 2011

We examined self-reported relations between Machiavellianism (Christie & Geis, 1970) and measures related to adjustment, well-being, and ethical orientation. We predicted that Machiavellianism would be inversely associated with adjustment, and positively associated with a nihilistic, relativistic, and nonidealistic ethical orientation. With respect to adjustment and well-being our results indicate that Machiavellianism is inversely associated with scores on measures of self-esteem, subjective well-being, and hope but positively associated with powerlessness and nihilism. The results bearing on ethical orientation are consistent with outlined predictions.
Some Comments on ‘Health-Related Correlates of Gambling on the British National Lottery’ by Reid, ET AL.
Authors: Griffiths Mark
Published: August 2011

Comments are made on an earlier article by Reid, et al. about health correlates of playing the National Lottery in the UK. This author argues that weekly or biweekly lotteries do not tend to be addictive for adults, and in adolescence rather than adulthood that most concern with lotteries has been noted.
Religion and Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Latin American Immigrants
Authors: Hovey Joseph D.
Published: August 2011

The present study explored the association of measures of religious activities and suicidal ideation in a sample of adult Latin American immigrants (145 women, 56 men). No relationship was found between religious affiliation and suicidal ideation. Self-perception of religiosity, influence of religion, and church attendance were significantly negatively associated with suicidal ideation. A multiple regression analysis showed that influence of religion was a significant predictor of suicidal ideation. The present findings lend empirical support to the notion that high religiosity may play a protective role against suicide.
Sex and the Barnum Effect: Rationality versus Helpfulness
Authors: Layne Christopher
Published: August 2011

In 1998 Piper-Terry and Downey found that women accepted friends' bogus test interpretations more readily than did men and the researchers attributed this to women's helpfulness. Layne countered that women are more open and thus rationally expected their friends' interpretations to be more accurate. Later Downey asked participants how accurately they believed their friends could describe their personalities. Although this pilot study's sensitivity to differences was low, the women's accuracy ratings still tended to exceed those of men ( p <.06) as Layne predicted. This may suggest that the rationality hypothesis is better supported than the female-helpfulness hypothesis.
Association of Type a Behavior and Job Performance in a Sample of Kuwaiti Workers
Authors: Alkhadher Othman
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the relationship between Type A behavior and job performance using three measures of Type A behavior (Milwaukee Scale, A-B Scale, and Type A Measure) and 14 job performance subscales obtained from each participant's record. A total of 103 Kuwaiti employees, 66 men and 37 women, participated voluntarily. Some job performance scales as well as the over-all performance scores were not significantly related to any of the measures of Type A behavior used. These scales were Initiative, Dealing with Others, General Appearance, Accuracy, Speed, Adherence to Rules, Relationship with Colleagues, Adherence to Attendance Time, and Over-all Performance. Following Supervisors' Orders is the only scale for which scores correlated .25, and .26, respectively ( p = .05) with two of the Type A measures. Inconsistency with previous findings may be attributed to treating Type A behavior as a global construct rather than separating out its components and to job-related factors that might moderate the possible relationship as well as the variations in the tests' reliabilities and lengths.
Endorsements by Mexican-Americans of the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Cross-Ethnic Comparison
Authors: Sugihara Yoko , Warner Judith A.
Published: August 2011

Gender-related personality traits among Mexican-American men and women were examined. The sample consisted of 307 Mexican-Americans (150 women, 157 men) in a predominantly Mexican and Mexican-American community in South Texas. Mexican-American men scored significantly higher than the women on eight masculine items, whereas Mexican-American women scored higher than the men on four feminine items. A comparison between the scores of Mexican-Americans on the Bern Sex-Role Inventory with those of the original sample in the inventory's manual showed that the scores for the Masculinity and Femininity subscales for both Mexican-American men and women were not significantly different from those of the original sample. A significant difference, however, was found on some of the items of the inventory. Analysis also indicated that more Mexican-American men were categorized as Feminine and Androgynous than were non-Hispanic Euro-American males in the original sample. Among Mexican-American women there were more individuals classified as Masculine and Undifferentiated and a lower percentage as Feminine than among the original sample. Implications and recommendations based on the results are discussed.
The Status of the Beck Anxiety Inventory in Contemporary Research
Authors: Piotrowski Chris
Published: August 2011

The author performed a comparative analysis on the research output of 6 popular clinical measures of anxiety. The results of a citation analysis of the database from PsycINFO for the years 1991–1998 indicated that the Beck Anxiety Inventory presently ranks third, behind the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the Fear Survey Schedule, in terms of use in research.
When Was Rosalie Rayner Born?
Authors: Thorne B. Michael , Watson James B.
Published: August 2011

A search by James B. Watson for definitive proof of his mother's date of birth ultimately proved fruitless, although one piece of evidence he discovered strongly suggests that Rosalie Rayner was born in 1899, not 1898 as some sources indicate. Watson believes that his father, John Broadus Watson, wrote his 1936 autobiographical essay before Rayner's death because afterward he was too devastated to have written it.
Moderating Influence of Social Support on Suicidal Ideation in a Sample of Mexican Immigrants
Authors: Hovey Joseph D.
Published: August 2011

The present study explored social support as a moderator in the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation in a sample of 104 immigrant Mexican-American adults. Participants completed the Personal Resource Questionnaire–Part 2, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies–Depression Scale, and the Adult Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire. Ineffective social support and high depression were significantly associated with elevated suicidal ideation. Further analyses indicated a significant interaction between social support and depression in predicting suicidal ideation, thereby suggesting that social support may serve as a protective factor against suicidal ideation during the acculturative process.
Marriage and Stress-Coping among Female College Students
Authors: Durm Mark W.
Published: August 2011

By an independent t test, mean scores on the social domain of the Coping Resources Inventory for 18 single and for 18 married female students were not significantly different, suggesting similar involvement in social networks supportive during stress.
Least Absolute Regression Residuals: Analyses of Split-Plot Designs
Authors: Berry Kenneth J. , Mielke Paul W.
Published: August 2011

Residuals obtained from least sum of absolute deviations regression are analyzed by a procedure consistent with Euclidean geometry. Applications to a split-plot design are illustrated and evaluated. The procedure is applicable to balanced and unbalanced split-plot designs and avoids the customary assumptions of ordinary least squares analyses including normality, homogeneity of variance and covariance, and sphericity.
Inconsistency in Attitudes toward President Clinton
Authors: Paskalides Christian J. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

The majority of a sample of 61 college students (50 women and 11 men) believed that President Clinton behaved immorally yet did not wish to see him punished. A desire for punishment was not associated with age, sex, or scores on extraversion or neuroticism.
Motives for Suicide in Suicide Notes from Women and Men
Authors: Canetto Silvia Sara , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Suicide notes written by 16 adult women and 16 men were evaluated by 16 nonprofessional adult judges with regard to love or work problems as suicide motives. Consistent with current theory on gender and suicidal behavior, women and men did not differ in love or work motives.
Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment in Young Romantic Relationships: Successfully Measuring the Triangular Theory of Love
Authors: Lemieux Robert , Hale Jerold L.
Published: August 2011

The previous tests of the Triangular Theory of Love have proven problematic, specifically centered on measurement of the three components of Intimacy, Passion, and Commitment. Factor analysis of a new set of measures for 123 women and 110 men indicated support for three distinct factors. Sex differences indicated that women scored significantly higher on Intimacy and Commitment than men. Components were also significantly related to a measure of Relational Satisfaction. Regression analysis indicated that each component predicted significant variance for scores on Satisfaction.
Associations among Behavior, Personality, and Traditional Risk Factors for Coronary Heart Disease: A Study at a Primary Health Care Center in Mid-Norway
Authors: Espnes Geir Arild , Opdahl Arne
Published: August 2011

The continuing presence of different negative emotions has been suggested as an important factor in the development of coronary heart disease (CHD). The present study was carried out at a medical center to investigate the presence of negative emotions and Type A behavior in a group of 40-yr.-old men and women. The National Institute of Public Health in Norway carried out the data-collection as a part of their CHD risk factor screenings. The correlation between hostility and total cholesterol is negative as is that between systolic blood pressures and the feeling of guilt for women There was no further support for earlier findings of relationships between either Type A behavior pattern and negative emotions or Type A and elevated cholesterol values. A number of possible explanations are offered. In the study, assessment of hostility was questioned; there was possible support for poor assessment of hostility on the Karolinska Scales of Personality employed in the study.
Abortion Attitudes and Personality
Authors: Roman Raquel E. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

Attitudes toward abortion were predicted by age, sex, and religiosity but not personality in a sample of 99 college students.
Is Biased Processing of Strong Attitudes Peripheral? An Extension of the Dual Process Models of Attitude Change
Authors: Na Eun-Yeong
Published: August 2011

It was suggested that the dual process models of attitude change should be extended to include the biased processing of strong attitudes. The main hypothesis of the extended model is that too much involvement intrinsic in strong attitudes may hinder objective processing, resulting in resistance to change even under strong message. Both attitude change and cognitive response measures in a 3 (attitude strength) x 2 (message quality) factorial design experiment supported the extended model. Only the holders of moderate attitudes showed greater attitude change when given a strong, rather than a weak, message. When given a strong message, holders of strong attitudes showed a boomerang effect by generating relatively greater counter-arguments (implying a central but biased processing with high motivation) in contrast with holders of weak attitudes who generated indifferent appeals and greater change in attitude regardless of the quality of the argument (implying a peripheral processing with low motivation).
Self-Report of Basic Symptoms among Psychotic and Nonpsychotic Subjects
Authors: Ciani Nicola , Pezzarossa Bianca , Curini Arcangelo , Rubino I. Alex
Published: August 2011

Basic symptoms, as defined and described by the Bonn Scale, were assessed by means of a new self-report inventory, the Rome Basic Disorders Scale. On all the subscales, psychiatric outpatients ( n = 105; most frequent diagnoses: Schizophrenia, Anxiety Disorders, and Mood Disorders) scored significantly higher ( p <.001) than nonclinical controls ( n = 105). Psychiatric patients with at least one diagnosis on the psychotic sets of Foulds' hierarchical inventory ( n = 45), compared with the rest of the psychiatric sample ( n = 60), had significantly higher scores on nearly all subscales. Two groups of inpatients with Schizophrenia ( n = 20) and Mood Disorders ( n = 20) were tested on Day 2 and 9 of hospitalization in an emergency ward. Schizophrenic patients had significantly higher scores on most of the subscales, but only on Day 9; on Day 2 depressed and manic patients scored significantly higher on four subscales. Until now basic symptoms had not been studied during the intrapsychotic phase, mainly because of their transformation into first-rank symptoms; present findings suggest that basic symptoms are active also at the height of the psychotic breakdown and that they are more responsive to treatment in Depression and Mania than in Schizophrenia.
Perceived Control, Autonomy, and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies among Japanese High School Students
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu , Kumagai Yukiko , Kawasaki Yuko
Published: August 2011

This study investigated relations among measures of perceived control, autonomy, and self-regulated learning strategies for 228 junior high school (90 in Grade 7 and 138 in Grade 8) and 306 senior high school (184 in Grade 11 and 122 in Grade 12) students. Participants completed three self-report questionnaires designed to measure control beliefs, strategy beliefs, capacity beliefs, seven types of motivation, and two types of self-regulated strategies. Confirmatory factor analysis identified the structure of perceived control modeled by Skinner, Chapman, and Baltes (1988), the seven-factor structure of autonomy by Vallerand, Pelletier, Blais, Briere, Senecal, and Vallieres (1992, 1993), and the two types of self-regulated learning strategies by Pintrich and De Groot (1990). Significant “grade” differences were obtained in several measures. Canonical correlation was used to investigate the relations between perceived control and autonomy measures. Finally, multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the relations between perceived control and self-regulated learning strategies and between autonomy and self-regulated learning strategies. Implications of the results are presented.
Theories, Models, and Factor Approaches to Personality, Temperament, and Behavioral Types: Postulations and Measurement in the Second Millennium A.D.
Authors: Merenda Peter F.
Published: August 2011

The chronology and historical developments in postulating theories, models, and factor approaches to personality, temperament, and behavioral types are discussed as they occurred during the 20th century A.D. The measurement of these models and approaches is from an historical perspective with a focus on the precursors of the five factor approaches that are currently the most commonly accepted ones today. The early beginnings dating back 2,500 years are also briefly discussed.
Factor Analysis of the Continuous Performance Test and Parent-Teacher Reports of Attention Deficit Disorder
Authors: Raggio Donald J. , Rhodes Robert L. , Whitten Janice D.
Published: August 2011

The relationships between a computerized measure of attention deficit disorder and scores from two commonly used parent-teacher reports were investigated. A factor analysis of the raw omission and commission scores provided by the Continuous Performance Test and Conners' Parent Rating Scale and the ADD-H Comprehensive Teacher Rating Scale indicated that for a sample of 54 children the Continuous Performance Test was most closely associated with measures of impulsivity and hyperactivity provided by the Conners' rating. This finding was congruent with the use of the Continuous Performance Test in the evaluation as a measure of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and suggestive of a positive and significant relation between this computerized measure of behavior and parents' perception of behavior. Little association was detected between scores on the teachers' scale and omission and commission scores.
Relationship between Belief in Good Luck and General Health
Authors: Day Liza , Maltby John , Macaskill Ann
Published: August 2011

62 undergraduate university students were administered the 12-item Belief in Good Luck Scale of Darke and Freedman and the General Health Questionnaire of Goldberg and Williams. Scores on belief in good luck showed a significant correlation of −.29 with anxiety and −.35 with depression but correlations were not significant for somatic symptoms (.15) and social dysfunction (.15).
Religiosity and Mental Health
Authors: Roman Raquel E. , Lester David
Published: August 2011

In a sample of 99 undergraduates, religiosity and psychoticism scores were negatively associated ( r = −.34).
Personality, Anal Character, and Attitudes toward Dogs
Authors: Stubbs Carol J. , Cook Mark
Published: August 2011

The research tests the hypothesis that people who strongly dislike dogs exhibit an obsessive or anal character and also investigates differences in personality between people who like and dislike dogs. Participants, 25 people who like dogs and 25 people who dislike dogs, matched fairly well for age, sex, and education, completed Kline's anal character measure to assess anal or obsessive personality and the California Psychological Inventory to assess general social and emotional adjustment. Analysis showed that people who disliked dogs scored higher on the anal character measure and also scored lower on the Empathy scale of the California Psychological Inventory, indicating that people who liked dogs have less difficulty relating to people. Correlations between scores on the two inventories are also presented, to clarify the nature of the construct assessed by the anal character measure.
Depressive and Manic Tendencies in High School and College Students
Authors: Burge Micah , Lester David
Published: August 2011

A sample of 101 high school students obtained higher mania scores than, but did not differ in depression scores from, a sample of 504 college students.
Women and Middle-Aged Individuals Report Using More Prospective Memory Aids
Authors: Long Thomas E. , Cameron Kimberly A. , Harju Beverly L , Lutz John , Means Larry W.
Published: August 2011

Prospective memory use was compared for men and women ( N = 112 normal adults) using three age groups, under 40, 40–59, and over 60. The Prospective Memory Aids Questionnaire developed for this study had good test reliability over 4 wk. for internal, external, and total memory aids. Women reported using prospective memory aids, both external and internal, more frequently than men. All participants employed more types of external than internal aids and used them more frequently. The relationship between age and use of prospective memory aid was more complex. Middle-aged participants employed more external aids than younger and older participants. Use of memory aids, especially external ones, increased as prospective memory demands increased. A major finding was the significant interaction of age with sex which indicated that women increased their use of memory aids in the middle-age group while men showed decreases across age groups.
An Exploratory Study of Sex Differences in Divergent Thinking and Creative Personality among College Subjects
Authors: Barrantes-Vidal Neus , Caparrós Beatriu , Obiols Jordi E.
Published: August 2011

Possible sex differences have been explored in two different domains of creativity: creative cognition (with the ‘Parallel Bars’ subtest of the Torrance Creative Battery) and creative personality (measured by the Creative Personality Scale). Analyses with 44 female and 15 male normal college students show that differences on the personality measure favoured men.
An Outcome Survey of Psychology Residency Training Program Graduates of the University of Texas Houston Medical School
Authors: Hays J. Ray , Stanley Melinda , Averill Patricia , Morgan Sharon , Cambron Stacy
Published: August 2011

A survey of 71 graduates of the psychology residency program at The University of Texas Houston Medical School and the Texas Research Institute of Mental Science indicated that two-thirds of the respondents were involved in private practice, conducting primarily individual therapy, with assessment also playing a major role in their practice. Managed care had the effect of placing limits on the numbers of sessions available to patients, reducing income, and increasing paperwork associated with practice. Implications for training during residency are that individual therapy, using focused short-term approaches, and assessment should continue to be the primary clinical experiences for trainees, and that there should also be training in the business aspect of practice, including marketing.
Harris-Lingoes MMPI–2 Pd Subscales and the Assessment of Law Enforcement Candidates
Authors: Kornfeld Alfred D.
Published: August 2011

This study analyzed the performance of 111 male law enforcement applicants on MMPI–2 Harris-Lingoes Psychopathic Deviate (Pd) subscales. Applicants' self-descriptions derived from their scores on these subscales showed greater confidence and resistance to authority and less social alienation and personal unhappiness than the MMPI–2 national normative sample. A multiple regression analysis indicated that Pd2 (Authority Problems) was the best predictor of K-corrected Pd scores for the sample of applicants.
Do Sex and Perception of Immediate Stress Affect Optimism?
Authors: Durm Mark W.
Published: August 2011

The purpose was to assess differences in mean optimism scores of men and women of low immediate stress (23 men, 28 women) and high immediate stress (11 men, 34 women). Using factorial analysis of variance, mean differences on the Coping Resources Inventory, Cognitive Domain, were not significant for sex, immediate stress, or their interaction.
Relationship of Birth Order and the Marketing-Related Variable of Materialism
Authors: Zemanek James E. , Claxton Reid P. , Zemanek Wendy H-G.
Published: August 2011

The relationship between the birth order and materialism scores was investigated using materialism conceptualized as a consumer value. Data were collected from 275 alumni of a major southwestern university. The analysis indicated that firstborns in this sample scored significantly lower on materialism than younger siblings
The Five-Factor Model and Driving Behavior: Personality and Involvement in Vehicular Accidents
Authors: Cellar Douglas F. , Nelson Zachary C. , Yorke Candice M.
Published: August 2011

Participants completed both the NEO-PI–R personality measure and measures of prior involvement in driving accidents. Significant negative correlations were found between the factor of Agreeableness and the total number of driving tickets received as well as the sum of combined at-fault accidents, not-at-fault accidents, and driving tickets received by participants. Implications and potential future directions for research are discussed.
Behavioral and Self-Concept Differences in Tattooed and Nontattooed College Students
Authors: Drews David R. , Allison Carlee K. , Probst Jessica R.
Published: August 2011

235 college students rated themselves on a series of bipolar adjectives and answered questions about their involvement in a variety of “risky” behaviors, including tattooing and body piercing. 29 tattooed students rated themselves as more adventurous, creative, artistic, individualistic, and risky than those without tattoos. The 98 tattooed males considered themselves more attractive. Behaviorally, those with tattoos reported smoking more cigarettes. Tattooed men also reported more sexual partners, were more likely to report they had been arrested, and were more likely to have body piercings. The 21 tattooed women were more likely to report use of drugs other than alcohol, shoplifting, and body piercings in places other than their ears.
A Phenomenological Investigation of Being Bored with Life
Authors: Bargdill Richard W.
Published: August 2011

The majority of research on boredom concerns the situational aspects of boredom, such as monotonous stimuli and decreased arousal; however, clinical concerns such as addictive behaviors involve people who experience boredom habitually. This paper describes a phenomenological study focused on 6 persons (16 to 67 years old) who experienced habitual boredom, those who were bored with their lives.
Immigrant and Native-Born Mexican-American Parents' Involvement in a Public School: A Preliminary Study
Authors: LÓpez Linda C. , SÁnchez Virginia V. , Hamilton Minami
Published: August 2011

Mexican-American parents of Texas elementary school students were surveyed to compare the types of school involvement in which immigrant and U.S.-born parents engage. Those completing the questionnaire included 246 mothers and 39 fathers born in Mexico as well as 95 mothers and 13 fathers born in the United States. More immigrant parents than U.S.-born parents indicated they helped their children with school work, attended school board meetings, volunteered at school, participated in parent-teacher conferences, went to school functions, served as room mother, engaged in school fundraising, and were present during parent advisory committee meetings.
Measuring Self-Efficacy among Drug-Involved Probationers
Authors: Hiller Matthew L. , Broome Kirk M. , Knight Kevin , Simpson D. Dwayne
Published: August 2011

Self-efficacy has been shown to be related to outcomes from interventions for alcohol and tobacco abuse but relatively little attention has been focused on it in evaluations of treatment for illicit drug abuse. Almost no research has examined offenders involved with drugs. The current study, therefore, adapted the Alcohol Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale of DiClemente, Carbonari, Montgomery, and Hughes and administered it to 250 probationers mandated to 6 months of residential treatment. With some modifications, confirmatory factory models replicated four previously reported dimensions, e.g., Negative Affect, Social/Positive, Physical and Other Concerns, Cravings and Urges. Findings also indicated high construct validity for the Alcohol Abstinence Self-efficacy Scale as adapted here. Studies are needed to examine the use of self-efficacy as a prospective measure of treatment progress and to explore its association with outcomes from corrections-based treatment.
Effects of Picture and Even-a-Penny-Will-Help Appeals on Anonymous Donations to Charity
Authors: Perrine Rose M. , Heather Stacie
Published: August 2011

The present research explored the effectiveness of a picture and the phrase “even a penny will help” on contributions to charity. Two experiments were conducted, one in the laboratory and one in the field. In both experiments the manipulation of a pleasant picture and the phrase created four types of signs: (1) picture-no phrase, (2) phrase-no picture, (3) picture-phrase, and (4) no picture-no phrase. In the field experiment patrons of local business anonymously put money in a donation box that displayed one of the four signs. In the laboratory experiment, 129 undergraduate students were randomly assigned to view one of the four signs placed on a donation box for a local charity. Analyses for both studies showed that more money was donated when the boxes displayed pictures. The phrase “even a penny will help” had no significant effect on donations.
Examining the Validity of the Academic Motivation Scale by Comparing Scale Construction to Self-Determination Theory
Authors: Cokley Kevin O.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the construct validity of the Academic Motivation Scale. Specifically, subscale correlations were examined to assess whether support for a continuum of self-determination would be provided. The three types of Intrinsic Motivation were significantly and positively correlated with each other .67, .62, and .58, while the three types of Extrinsic Motivation were significantly and positively intercorrelated .50, .49, and .45. The former subscales, however, correlated higher with Introjected Regulation than Identified Regulation, suggesting that Introjected Regulation may be indicative of more self-determined behavior than has previously been believed. Also, the Intrinsic Motivation To Accomplish subscale had a stronger relationship with two of the Extrinsic Motivation subscales, Identified Regulation and Introjected Regulation, than did the Extrinsic Motivation subscales with each other. This suggests that the differences between Extrinsic and Intrinsic Motivation are not as obvious as has been believed. Also, contrary to self-determination theory, Amotivation had a stronger negative correlation with Identified Regulation ( r = −.31) than with any of the Intrinsic Motivation subscales ( rs = −.27, −.19, and –.11).
Age and Sex Differences in Paranormal Beliefs: A Response to Vitulli, Tipton, and Rowe (1999)
Authors: Irwin Harvey J.
Published: August 2011

Vitulli, Tipton, and Rowe (1999) report evidence of age and sex differences in the strength of paranormal beliefs. An alternative interpretation of their data is offered in terms of differential item functioning. It is suggested that respondents' interpretation of paranormal belief test items may vary with age and sex, and that such differences in the strength with which such beliefs are endorsed has not been conclusively established by Vitulli, et al.
Clients' Perspectives on Problems Many Years after Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Dean S. , Colantonio A. , Ratcliff G. , Chase S.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the types of self-reported main problems that persons report many years following a traumatic brain injury. This preliminary study is part of a large ongoing study of disability and handicap in adults following traumatic brain injury. As part of an extensive interview, subjects were asked an open-ended question regarding their current main problems which they thought resulted from their traumatic brain injury. Responses were obtained from 166 adult subjects (119 men and 47 women) whose time postinjury ranged from 9 to 24 years. Categories for responses were subsequently developed. The most commonly reported categories of problems were those relating to movement (39%), cognition (36%), and sensory impairment (31%). Findings suggest that subjects' long-term concerns were related to specific impairments more than to psychosocial, emotional, or behavioral issues. Methodological issues concerning this research are discussed in relation to findings.
Flight and Abduction in Witchcraft and UFO Lore
Authors: Musgrave John Brent , Houran James
Published: August 2011

The lore surrounding the mythical Witches' Sabbat and contemporary reports of UFO abductions share three main characteristics: the use of masks, the appearance of “Men in Black,” and references to flight and abduction. We review these three commonalities with particular focus on the aspect of flight and abduction. We argue that narratives of the Witches' Sabbat and UFO abductions share the same basic structure, common symbolism, and serve the same psychological needs of providing a coherent explanation for anomalous (ambiguous) experiences while simultaneously giving the experient a sense of freedom, release, and escape from the self. This pattern of similarities suggests the possibility that UFO abductions are a modern version of tales of flight to the Sabbat.
The Self-Expansiveness Level Form: Examination of its Validity and Relation to the Neo Personality Inventory—Revised
Authors: MacDonald Douglas A. , Gagnier Joel J. , Friedman Harris L.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the validity of the Self-expansiveness Level Form of Friedman with particular emphasis on the Transpersonal subscale, a measure of transpersonal self-concept, in terms of its basic psychometric properties and its relation to the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised. Support for the basic psychometric properties of the scale in terms of reliability, factorial validity, and concurrent validity was obtained; however, support was limited for convergent validity as correlations between scores on the Transpersonal subscale and measures of theoretically related constructs were low. Correlational analyses involving the Self-expansiveness Level Form and NEO Personality Inventory–Revised indicated that Transpersonal scores were not appreciably associated with the NEO Personality Inventory–Revised domains. Moreover, factor analysis of NEO Personality Inventory–Revised facets and Self-expansiveness Level Form items generated a solution in which the two measures contributed to separate factors. Discussion of the implications and limitations of the findings is included.
Construct Validity of the Attitudes about Reality Scale
Authors: Evans William J.
Published: August 2011

To explore the construct validity of the Attitudes About Reality Scale, a measure of personal epistemology grounded on a social constructionist to logical positivist continuum, 118 employees of a mental health center completed the Attitudes About Reality Scale, three subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Inventory as a measure of empathy, the Social Interest Inventory as a measure of the Adlerian social interest concept, the Multistimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance–I as a measure of tolerance for ambiguity, the Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale, and the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale. Significant correlations were found between scores on the Attitudes About Reality Scale and both The Right Wing Authoritarianism Scale and Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance–I as hypothesized. Those individuals holding master's and doctoral degrees scored significantly lower on the Attitudes About Reality Scale in the social constructionist direction than those with technical or trade school education, but no other differences on demographic measures were noted.
Differences in Episodic Memory between Four- and Five-Year-Olds: False Information versus Real Experiences
Authors: Uehara Izumi
Published: August 2011

It is assumed that personal episodes from any age less than about four years can rarely be recalled (infantile amnesia) because episodic memory is not well developed until this age. To investigate this, experiments were conducted with 30 4- and 30 5-yr.-olds. Experiments first examined whether the children could report parent-child games in a sports festival two days after the festival. The results indicated that 4-yr.-olds could not report the episodic contents of the games properly even though they reported the results of the ball matches as well as the 5-yr.-olds. Seven days after that report, the subject was told twice by the experimenter about realistic or unrealistic events as if these were their own experiences. The subject was again required to report the events seven days after receiving information. The results showed that 4-yr.-olds tended to mistake the information provided by the experimenter for their own real experiences. These results indicate that there may be a critical difference of episodic memory between 4- and 5-yr.-olds. Episodic memory was not well developed yet in 4-yr.-olds.
Psychometric Evaluation of a Questionnaire Modified to Assess Attitudes toward Male Social Workers
Authors: Green Robert G. , Hudson Jennifer , Montgomery Kevin , Solondz Seth
Published: August 2011

The Attitudes Toward Male Nurses Scale was modified and then administered to a stratified-by-sex sample of 149 members of a state chapter of the National Association of Social Workers. Analysis suggests suitable internal consistency for the modified 15-item measure and provides empirical support for the scale's convergent-discriminant validity.
Psychology of the Scientist: LXXX. Attitudes regarding Authorship Issues in Psychological Publications
Authors: Bartle Simon A. , Fink Alexis A. , Hayes Bryan C.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this article is to explore empirically issues and attitudes surrounding the assignment of credit for authorship in psychological research. A survey consisting of research tasks, vignettes, and questions relating to collaborations between faculty and students was completed by 203 individuals (23.3% response rate) from a national, random sample of faculty and graduate students. Analysis indicated that tasks related to manuscript writing, developing research ideas, and research design were important criteria for assigning credit of authorship. Status, seniority, and data collection were rated as unimportant to the assignment of credit. The issues surrounding collaborations between faculty and students were also examined.