bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Treatment with ECMO of Persistent Fetal Circulation following Repair of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia
Authors: Debski Robert , McSteen Frank , Belhumeur John , Shaver Michael , Griffith Bartley , Hardesty Robert
Published: January 2025

Efforts in the animal laboratory over the last four years have been directed toward exploration of the use and improving the techniques of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), anticipating that with greater refinement ECMO might find wider application. As a result of this laboratory experience, the first clinical trials at Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh were undertaken.

Four neonates having undergone repair of a congenital diaphragmatic hernia and developing a persistent fetal circulatory pattern have been supported with prolonged (3 to 9 days) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation between December of 1979 and July of 1980, and three have survived. This encouraging experience indicates that the pattern of persistent fetal circulation in the newborn who has undergone repair of a diaphragmatic hernia can be successfully managed with ECMO even when efforts to lower pulmonary hypertension and improve oxygenation with vasodilators (tolazoline, phenothiazine, acetylcholine, prostaglandin E1) have been ineffective. The effectiveness and safety of ECMO is convincing enough to warrant its consideration as therapy for congenital diaphragmatic hernia and persistent fetal circulation prior to the use of vasodilators.
Domain wall dynamics in notched ferromagnetic nanowires
Authors: Carbou Gilles , Jazar Mustapha , Kassan Mouna
Published: January 2025

We study the dynamics of magnetization reversals, known as walls, in a notched ferromagnetic nanowire. The model used is the Landau–Lifschitz equation in dimension 1, with a weight representing the notch. Despite the pinning properties of notches, we establish in this article that when the applied field tends to push the wall far away from the notch, pinning effects are negligible, and wall dynamics are asymptotically close to those in an unnotched wire.
Comparison of Maximum Isometric Strength of the Hip Joint Abductor and Knee Joint Extensor Muscles between Knee Osteoarthritis Patients with and without Self-reported Instability
Authors: Alfuth Martin , Stollenwerk Alexander , Klemp Jonas , Diel Patrick René
Published: January 2025

Patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) often have impaired muscle function of the weight-bearing muscles, particularly in the knee and hip joints. This can lead to a significant loss of strength and power and may play a role in the perceived instability of the knee joint. The purpose of this study was to compare the maximum isometric strength of the hip abductor and knee extensor muscles between patients with KOA with and without perceived instability.

Nineteen patients with KOA participated in this cross-sectional study and were divided into two groups. The first group (n = 10; women = 4, men = 6, mean age = 67.4 ± standard deviation [SD] 6.4 years) consisted of patients with self-reported instability in the knee joint, and the second group (n = 9; women = 5, men = 4, mean age = 69.6 ± SD 6.7 years) consisted of patients without self-reported instability. Functional and activity limitations were quantified using the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC). Maximum isometric strength of the hip abductors and knee extensors was measured using a belt-mounted handheld dynamometer and expressed as torque (Newton meters [Nm]) by multiplication with the determined lever arm. Torque was normalized to body weight and height.

Patients with instability (median WOMAC score = 68) achieved a significantly lower mean torque in hip abduction than the patients without instability (median WOMAC score = 39) (p = 0.01; Cohen’s d = 1.31). There was no significant difference in knee extension torque between the groups (p = 0.202; Cohen’s d = 0.58).

KOA patients with instability were able to develop significantly lower hip abductor strength than those without instability, suggesting that targeted strength training of this muscle group may be important for this group of patients.
Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Halszysten – eine diagnostische Herausforderung
Authors: Sauter Christina , Sand Matthias , Plath Karim , Plath Michaela Maria
Published: January 2025

Die Differenzierung von benignen und malignen Halszysten stellt für den HNO-Arzt eine Herausforderung dar. Die Inzidenz von Karzinomen in initial benigne eingestuften Halszysten liegt bei bis zu 24%. Das Ziel dieser Studie war es, über die Malignitätsrate von zystischen zervikalen Läsionen zu berichten und mittels aktueller Leitlinien eine Differenzierung von zervikalen Metastasen im Vergleich zu benignen Halszysten zu erleichtern.

Zwischen 2013 und 2023 wurden insgesamt 155 Patienten mit der Verdachtsdiagnose einer lateralen Halszyste in der Abteilung für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde des Universitätsklinikums Heidelberg behandelt. Bei allen Patienten wurde eine Zystenexstirpation mit oder ohne Panendoskopie durchgeführt.

Bei 21,9% der Patienten zeigte sich histologisch eine Lymphknotenmetastase ipsilateral zum Primarius. Das Durchschnittsalter dieser Patienten lag statistisch signifikant höher als das der Patienten mit benignen Läsionen (64,0±12,8 versus 41,0±15,8; p<0,001). Während die Wahrscheinlichkeit einer Malignität bei Patienten unter 54 Jahren selten war (11%), stieg sie in der Altersgruppe von 60–69 Jahren auf 80% an. Die klinische Sensitivität bei Initialverdacht einer benignen Halszyste lag bei 60,3%, die Spezifität bei 48,7%.

Zur frühzeitigen Diagnose und Therapie einer unilateralen Halszyste gehört eine individuelle Vorgehensweise, welche durch multiple Faktoren (Anamnese, klinische Befunde, Bildgebung sowie klinikeigene Kompetenzen) getroffen werden muss. Unabhängig davon empfehlen wir bei Patienten über 40 Jahren ein bildmorphologisches Staging, eine „No-touch“-Panendoskopie und eine histologische Sicherung.
High-Flow Nasal Cannula versus Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Postnatal Growth and Feeding in Preterm Infants: A Secondary Analysis of the NIPPN Study
Authors: Minamitani Yohei , Oka Shuntaro , Miyahara Naoyuki , Haga Mitsuhiro , Uchiyama Atsushi , Wada Masaki , Okazaki Kaoru , Kondo Masatoshi , Nagano Nobuhiko , Kobayashi Akira , Soeno Yoshiki , Maruyama Hidehiko , Ito Yushi , Namba Fumihiko
Published: January 2025

Objective High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is generally considered to have fewer enteral feeding problems than nasal continuous positive airway pressure (NCPAP) or nasal intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (NIPPV). However, the effects of HFNC on the feeding outcomes in preterm infants are still controversial. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of HFNC on postnatal growth and feeding.

Study design We conducted a secondary analysis of a multicenter randomized controlled trial. Preterm infants born <34 weeks were randomly assigned to the HFNC or NCPAP/NIPPV groups after initial extubation between 2015 and 2018. Data on postnatal growth and oral feeds were analyzed.

Results Among 338 infants in the intention-to-treat analysis, the weight at 36 weeks in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that in the NCPAP/NIPPV group (1,926 vs. 1,804 g, p = 0.04). In the per-protocol analysis, HFNC showed increased daily weight gain from extubation to discharge after adjusting for confounding factors (24.2 vs. 22.4 g/day, adjusted difference 1.65 g/day, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.12–3.18). In the subgroup of infants born at 22 to 27 weeks, the weight at 36 weeks was significantly higher in the HFNC group (1,809 vs. 1,730 g, adjusted difference = 113.4 g, 95% CI: 5.0–221.8). There was no significant difference in time at initial and reached full oral feeding.

Conclusion In preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants, the use of HFNC may be associated with better weight gain.

Key Points
Chiral Phosphoric Acid Catalyzed Cascade Asymmetric Allylboration/Oxa-Cyclization of Aldehydes for Access to Multisubstituted Tetrahydrofurans
Authors: Li Zihan , Li Yichao , Yi Ziqi , Huang Yiyong , Zhang Ruihao , Wang Yuhao , Wang Yilong
Published: January 2025

Optically pure homoallylic alcohols, important synthons for natural products and bioactive compounds, can be assembled by a chiral phosphoric acid catalyzed asymmetric allylboration of aldehydes. Based on this reaction, two unprecedented cascade reactions of functionalized aldehydes (allylation/oxa-Michael or oxa-Pictet–Spengler reactions) for the synthesis of chiral 2,5-disubstituted and 2,2,5-trisubstituted tetrahydrofurans using a single chiral phosphoric acid catalyst have been developed. The reaction mechanism proposed here of the oxa-Pictet–Spengler reaction was investigated through control experiments.
Microwave-Assisted Copper-Catalyzed Electrophilic Amination of Arylboronic Acids: A Rapid Approach to Arylhydrazides
Authors: Desai Bhargav , Bharodiya Akshay , Seshathre Shruti , Patel Raj N. , Dholakiya Bharatkumar , Satani Piyushkumar , Kanchupalli Vinaykumar , Naveen Togati
Published: January 2025

We present a copper-catalyzed rapid and efficient method for the electrophilic amination of arylboronic acids with azodicarboxylates under microwave irradiation to synthesize aryl-substituted hydrazines. This transformation encompasses a wide range of substituted boronic acids and azodicarboxylates to provide the corresponding products in good to excellent yields. The key features of this reaction are its broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, good to excellent yields, and short reaction time.
How to Design a Study and Write a Grant in Radiology?
Authors: Gupta Pankaj , Singhal Manphool
Published: January 2025

Radiology as a specialty has grown immensely over the last few decades. The advancements in diagnostic radiology are facilitated by state-of-the-art equipment and a revolution in computation. Parallelly, interventional radiology has benefited and interventional radiologists are at the forefront of several therapeutic procedures. One of the key factors in the growth of radiology is high-quality research. Although the formulation of research questions and hypotheses is similar, the research methodology in diagnostic radiology differs from other specialties. High-quality research requires funds. Thus, it is essential for academic radiologists pursuing research in radiology to be able to write successful grants and secure funds. In this review article, we discuss the strategies to design a study and write successful grants.
PFAS Exposure and Male Reproductive Health: Implications for Sperm Epigenetics
Authors: Maxwell DruAnne L. , Petriello Michael C. , Pilsner J. Richard
Published: January 2025

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are persistent environmental contaminants found in human tissues and persist in the environment, posing significant risks to reproductive health. This review examines the impact of PFAS exposure on male reproductive health, with a focus on sperm epigenetics. PFASs disrupt endocrine function by altering key reproductive hormones and impairing sperm motility, quality, and viability. Epidemiologic and animal studies highlight inconsistent yet concerning associations between PFAS exposure and semen parameters, as well as altered gene expression and DNA methylation patterns. Moreover, PFAS exposure during critical windows of development has been linked to differential impacts on male versus female pubertal development, cognitive outcomes, and reproductive physiology, emphasizing the complexity of PFAS interactions. This comprehensive analysis highlights the need for continued research into the mechanisms by which PFASs influence reproductive health and development with potential implications for sperm epigenetics. The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the epigenetic mechanisms behind these disruptions, particularly DNA methylation and its role in heritable changes. Investigating the epigenetic modifications driven by PFAS exposure is crucial for elucidating the mechanisms by which these chemicals influence reproductive health. Future research should focus on understanding these epigenetic changes in both immediate fertility outcomes and transgenerational health risks.
Leveraging the capabilities of multinational firms to address climate change: a finance perspective
Authors: Allen Franklin , Barbalau Adelina , Chavez Erik , Zeni Federica
Published: January 2025

Climate change and the associated issue of curbing carbon emissions have risen on the agenda of policymakers worldwide. However, global coordination on matters such as harmonized regulation has been subject to significant political frictions, and the large intergovernmental transfers needed to finance the transition of developing economies have proven hard to raise. Recently, there have been considerable responses to climate change from the private sector, with stakeholders placing more pressure on firms, and financial markets mobilizing increasingly more capital towards the reduction of negative externalities. We argue that although multinational enterprises (MNEs) have been a major contributor to the problem, they can be an important part of the solution – they have unique features that enable them to play an important role in the fight against climate change. MNEs have extensive and efficient internal markets for governance, financing, and technology, which enable them to circumvent country-specific frictions to climate action such as heterogeneous regulation, corruption, and the lack of technology. We analyze how different public and private incentive mechanisms could be designed to leverage MNEs’ unique features, realign their incentives, and engage their potential to play a role in decarbonizing the economy. Lastly, we discuss challenges, opportunities, and future research.
Convergent-beam attosecond x-ray crystallography
Authors: Chapman Henry N. , Li Chufeng , Bajt Saša , Butola Mansi , Dresselhaus J. Lukas , Egorov Dmitry , Fleckenstein Holger , Ivanov Nikolay , Kiene Antonia , Klopprogge Bjarne , Kremling Viviane , Middendorf Philipp , Oberthuer Dominik , Prasciolu Mauro , Scheer T. Emilie S. , Sprenger Janina , Wong Jia Chyi , Yefanov Oleksandr , Zakharova Margarita , Zhang Wenhui
Published: January 2025

Sub-ångström spatial resolution of electron density coupled with sub-femtosecond to few-femtosecond temporal resolution is required to directly observe the dynamics of the electronic structure of a molecule after photoinitiation or some other ultrafast perturbation, such as by soft X-rays. Meeting this challenge, pushing the field of quantum crystallography to attosecond timescales, would bring insights into how the electronic and nuclear degrees of freedom couple, enable the study of quantum coherences involved in molecular dynamics, and ultimately enable these dynamics to be controlled. Here, we propose to reach this realm by employing convergent-beam x-ray crystallography with high-power attosecond pulses from a hard-x-ray free-electron laser. We show that with dispersive optics, such as multilayer Laue lenses of high numerical aperture, it becomes possible to encode time into the resulting diffraction pattern with deep sub-femtosecond precision. Each snapshot diffraction pattern consists of Bragg streaks that can be mapped back to arrival times and positions of X-rays on the face of a crystal. This can span tens of femtoseconds and can be finely sampled as we demonstrate experimentally. The approach brings several other advantages, such as an increase in the number of observable reflections in a snapshot diffraction pattern, all fully integrated, to improve the speed and accuracy of serial crystallography—especially for crystals of small molecules.
Partial immunity of two-photon correlation against wavefront distortion for spatially entangled photons
Authors: Bajar Kiran , Chatterjee Rounak , Bhat Vikas S. , Mujumdar Sushil
Published: January 2025

High-dimensional quantum entanglement in photons offers notable technological advancements over traditional qubit-based systems, including increased information density and enhanced security. However, such high-dimensional states are vulnerable to disruption by complex disordered media, presenting significant challenges in practical applications. Spatially entangled photons are conventionally generated using a nonlinear crystal via spontaneous parametric downconversion. While the effect of disorder on spatially entangled photons in the near field of the crystal is well understood, the impact of disorder in the far field is more complex. In this work, we present a systematic study of the randomization of two-photon correlations caused by arbitrary phase distortions in the far field by breaking it down into odd and even parity components. First, we theoretically show that the two-photon field is only sensitive to the even-parity part of the phase distortion. In follow-up experiments, we employ a deformable mirror to implement random phase distortions, separating the contributions of odd and even parity phases using Zernike polynomials. The experimental results are in agreement with the theoretical predictions. Subsequently, we perform numerical simulations to show that these results extend to stronger degrees of disorder. Our key finding is that, since two-photon correlations are only affected by the even-parity component of phase modulations, the number of independent adaptive optics elements required for optimizing the correlation can be effectively halved, offering a significant practical advantage in managing disorder in quantum systems.
Topological quantum photonics
Authors: Hashemi Amin , Zakeri M. Javad , Jung Pawel S. , Blanco-Redondo Andrea
Published: January 2025

Topological quantum photonics explores the interaction of the topology of the dispersion relation of photonic materials with the quantum properties of light. The main focus of this field is to create robust photonic quantum information systems by leveraging topological protection to produce and manipulate quantum states of light that are resilient to fabrication imperfections and other defects. In this perspective, we provide a theoretical background on topological protection of photonic quantum information and highlight the key state-of-the-art experimental demonstrations in the field, categorizing them based on the quantum features they address. An analysis of the key challenges and limitations concerning topological protection of quantum states is presented. Importantly, this paper takes a thorough perspective look into what future research in this area may bring.
An optically transparent rectifying metasurface for 2.4/5.8 GHz dual-band RF energy harvesting
Authors: Dong Lin , Si Liming , Liu Boyang , Shen Qitao , Niu Rong , Bao Xiue , Sun Houjun , Zhu Weiren
Published: January 2025

In this paper, an optically transparent rectifying metasurface system (RMS) is designed and validated for simultaneously harvesting radio frequency (RF) energy while enabling the efficient transmission of visible light. The RMS comprises an optically transparent metasurface absorber (OTMA) based on indium tin oxide materials and a voltage-doubling rectifier circuit. The proposed RMS features several advantages, including polarization insensitivity, wide incidence angle coverage, low profile, and the ability to operate at low incident power densities. Utilizing a stacked structure, the RMS and the solar cell can provide a more hybrid output power to accommodate more application scenarios. To validate its performance, a prototype 3 × 3 OTMA array was designed, fabricated, and measured. Results demonstrate that the fabricated RMS achieves RF to DC efficiencies of 19.64% at 2.4 GHz and 7.92% at 5.8 GHz, with an impressive 80% optical transparency. Furthermore, solar energy harvesting tests show that the measured maximum power point for the RF/solar hybrid energy harvesting is 13.11% higher than that of a single solar panel under a light intensity of 257 lux.
Temperature-induced flexibility of graphene sheet facilitates RNA duplex unzipping: A molecular dynamics study
Authors: Karachevtsev Maksym V. , Karachevtsev Victor A.
Published: January 2025

Many genetic processes are based on unzipping the DNA/RNA double helix. Therefore, the development of methods for rapid duplex unzipping is highly desirable for biomedical applications. In this work, we propose a novel approach to unzipping a DNA/RNA duplex by exploiting the ability to induce flexibility of a graphene sheet that can facilitate the unzipping of an adsorbed duplex. As an example of tunable and inducible flexibility of a graphene sheet, we used temperature-dependent flexibility of graphene sheet in our simulation. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated that duplex (rA)15:(rU)15 adsorbed on the flexible graphene sheet in a water environment unzipped at room temperature much faster than on graphene with fixed carbon atoms. Duplex unzipping begins with the terminated base pairs located in the tail of the duplex adsorbed on graphene. The distance between base pairs, number of H-bonds in the duplex, and interaction energy between (rA)15 and (rU)15 strands was determined when they were arranged on the flexible graphene sheet in an aqueous environment at 273, 303, and 333 K and compared to data obtained from a frozen graphene sheet. Analysis of the duplex structure at different temperatures showed that the flexible surface at room and lower temperatures is very effective in short-duplex unzipping, while at higher temperatures (333 K), this advantage of the flexible graphene sheet is negated.
Anion photoelectron velocity-map imaging using a tunable laser at a 100 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Horio Takuya , Nishizato Tasuku , Suzuki Yuta , Matsumoto Kazuaki , Terasaki Akira
Published: January 2025

We present velocity-map imaging (VMI) of photoelectrons detached from anions using an optical parametric amplifier operating at a repetition rate as high as 100 kHz. The light source generates femtosecond (fs) laser pulses tunable from near-infrared to ultraviolet (310–2600 nm), which interact synchronously with mass-selected anion bunches. We demonstrate this technique by measuring two-dimensional projections of photoelectrons ejected from silver trimer anions, Ag3−, across a photon energy range from 2.43 to 4.00 eV (509–310 nm), with an average power of 50–300 mW. This high-repetition-rate VMI setup allows rapid data acquisition of photoelectron spectra and laboratory-frame photoelectron angular distributions of anions at various photon energies, facilitating investigation of their electronic and geometric structures. Taking advantage of the fs pulses, this approach will also enable time-resolved photoelectron imaging for tracking electronic and nuclear dynamics of anions with high efficiency.
A numerical study of the capture of hydrophobic particles by a buoyant bubble
Authors: Zeng Lei , Lu Jiacai , Tryggvason Grétar
Published: January 2025

When a buoyant bubble rises through a suspension of hydrophobic particles, particles colliding with the bubble generally will stick to it and are thus carried upward with the bubble. Here, we use fully resolved numerical simulations to examine the rate of capture by a single bubble in a domain containing a particle suspension. The bubble is followed for a long enough time to gather several particles, and we examine the effect of the governing parameters on the rate of accumulation for modest bubble Reynolds numbers. The results show that the strongest dependency is on the volume fraction, where the capture rate of particles decreases rapidly as particles accumulating on the bubble prevent the attachment of other particles. The capture efficiency decreases slightly as the bubbles become more deformable since particles at the bottom of the bubble elongate it, decrease its cross-sectional area, and increases with particle size. The effect of other parameters is small, for the parameter ranges simulated here.
Spray dynamics characteristics in gasoline direct injection injectors at varied orifice inlet angles
Authors: Hu Chaoqun , Wu Zhijun , Huang Weidi , Leng Pengfei , Deng Jun , Li Liguang
Published: January 2025

The orifice inlet angles play a crucial role in determining the internal flow and cavitation characteristics, such as void fraction and cavitation asymmetry, ultimately affecting the spray plume and droplet diameter distribution characteristics. A simulation investigation was conducted on the coupled internal flow and breakup atomization process using the Eulerian–Lagrangian spray atomization method. The results indicate that nozzles with a symmetrical inlet included angle exhibit a higher symmetry in cavitation distribution within the orifice. As the inlet included angle increases, both the cavitation area and cavitation asymmetry decrease, leading to an increase in the plume direction angle and plume cone angle. The inlet included angle of 90° is a critical point of the liquid core shape changes. The spray plume leans toward the side where the wall inclination angle is below 0°, resulting in a reduced cavitation on this side. Conversely, cavitation enhances on the other side where the wall inclination angle is above 0°, causing the formation of hydraulic flip. Decreasing the wall inclination angle reduces the diameter of all droplets. The maximal diameter of the spray droplet is negatively correlated with cavitation asymmetry, with an optimal value of void fraction of 0.279. A decrease outside-inlet included angle by 30° results in a 15% reduction in the maximal spray droplet diameter, while changing the wall inclination angle by 20° causes a 42% reduction.
Impact of mold temperature and fiber velocity on impregnation in carbon fiber polyamide 66 composites
Authors: Memon Ghulam Mustafa , Memon Sanam Irum , Wang Xiaodong , Kumar Sanjay , He Yadong
Published: January 2025

Thermoplastic fiber-reinforced composites are increasingly used in industrial applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties, recyclability, and thermal stability. However, their manufacturing process poses significant challenges including high processing temperature and pressures required for resin impregnation, which can lead to void contents incomplete fiber wetting and potential thermal degradation. Existing models, such as Darcy law, inadequately describe the non-Newtonian behavior of thermoplastic melts including shear thinning and viscoelasticity limiting their ability to optimize impregnation processes. This study develops a comprehensive multi-physics model that integrates Darcy law with Carreau–Yasuda viscosity model to predict resin flow dynamics, pressure gradient, and impregnation efficiency. Polyamide 66 (PA66) reinforced with carbon fibers was used to validate the model experimentally under varying temperatures (320 and 330 °C) and fiber velocities (1.5 and 2 m/min). The results show that the optimal impregnation occurs at 330 °C and 1.5 m/min, where reduced viscosity enhances resin flow, minimizes voids contents, and improves carbon fiber-polyamide 66 (CFPA66) bonding. The experimental results validate the mathematical model predictions.
Utilisation of WRF-HYSPLIT modelling approach and GEMS to identify PM2.5 sources in Central Kalimantan – study case: 2023 forest fire
Authors: Nurlatifah Amalia , Kombara Prawira Yudha , Pratama Alvin , Faristyawan Rizky , Rakhman Aulia Arip , Noviastuti Nindia
Published: January 2025

Biomass burning is a significant particulate matter (PM) source, substantially contributing to elevated PM2.5 levels. Exposure to PM2.5 has been associated with various severe chronic illnesses. Therefore, it is crucial to address biomass burning occurrences, mitigate their impacts, and manage their consequences effectively. A key strategy for managing biomass burning haze involves identifying its sources, which facilitates the implementation of fire prevention and suppression measures. This study explores the sources and impacts of PM2.5 emissions from forest fires in Central Kalimantan in October 2023 using an integrated approach. We employed the WRF-HYSPLIT (Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with the Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model) and satellite instruments, including the GEMS (Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer), MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) and VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite), to identify PM2.5 sources and analyse their spatial distribution. Palangka Raya experienced substantial impacts from multiple hotspot occurrences on 4 October 2023, particularly from the south-eastern and eastern regions of Central Kalimantan and South Kalimantan. Conversely, Pangkalan Bun showed relatively lower PM2.5 concentrations on 2 October 2024 owing to prevailing sea winds. Most PM2.5 in Palangka Raya originated from the south-east. Geopotential height and topography analyses with wind plots suggested stable atmospheric conditions in Palangka Raya, whereas GEMS satellite data revealed high aerosol optical depth values, indicating elevated PM2.5 concentrations. These findings underscore the importance of understanding local meteorological conditions and hotspot distributions for effective management and mitigation of forest fire impacts on air quality in Central Kalimantan.
Supplementing the tropes
Authors: Finlayson Alan
Published: January 2025

This article explores the articulation of poststructuralist Discourse Theory (DT) with Rhetorical Political
Analysis (RPA). Critical of the ways in which Ernesto Laclau’s ‘rhetorical turn’ reduces rhetoric to the tropes, and to
catachresis in particular, I argue that tropes involve more than naming and that they must be understood and
analysed as parts of larger argumentative propositions. Supportive of the general approach of DT I outline two rhetorical
concepts, ‘enthymeme’ and ‘invention’ which can contribute to the critical analysis of the discursive terrain of politics. RPA, I
argue, refocuses our attention on the forms of political agency and action which take place in specific and particular situations,
in ways which are also of value to the formation of political strategies.
Symbols to shapes processing
Authors: Nassereddine Ghadir , Buchanan Lori
Published: January 2025

The Bouba/Kiki (BK) effect is observed when a linguistic sound is associated with a shape. People usually
associate the nonword bouba with a round shape, and kiki with a sharp shape (Ramachandran & Hubbard, 2001). In 2011, Nielsen and Rendall found that certain
English letters (/k/, /p/, and /t/) and (/b/, /l/, /m/, and /n/) were associated with sharp and round shapes respectively. The BK
effect was investigated in depth for the first time in Arabic in 2022 (Nassereddine) using Arabic Analogs to the English letters.
Arabic participants’ performance was not consistent with previous research (Nielsen & Rendall, 2011). The goal of the present study was to determine
the roundest and sharpest Arabic letters by presenting all letters both visually and auditorily to Arabic speakers and have them say whether
a letter shape or sound best maps on to the standard bouba and kiki shapes. The results revealed
that Arabic does have both round and sharp letters, and that there is a strong influence of phonological features on this BK
effect.
Flash proton radiation therapy via a stochastic three-operator splitting method
Authors: Bian Fengmiao , Liu Jiulong , Zhang Xiaoqun , Gao Hao , Cai Jian-Feng
Published: January 2025

The inverse radiation therapy planning problem is crucial in achieving tumoricidal doses while minimizing radiation-induced normal-tissue toxicity. Compared to conventional radiation therapy (with conventional dose rates), flash proton radiation therapy (with ultra-high dose rates) can provide additional normal tissue sparing. However, this groundbreaking advancement in radiation oncology introduces a challenging nonconvex and nonsmooth optimization problem. In this paper, we propose a stochastic three-operator splitting (STOS) algorithm to address the flash proton radiation therapy problem. We establish the convergence and convergence rates of the STOS algorithm under the nonconvex framework for both unbiased gradient estimators and variance-reduced gradient estimators. These stochastic gradient estimators include the most popular ones, such as SGD, SAGA, SARAH, and SAG, among others. Experimental results demonstrate that the flash proton radiation therapy plans obtained by the STOS algorithm can effectively kill tumors while better protecting normal tissues.
Periodic gradient duplexcavity meta-lens for wide-band directional acoustic beaming
Authors: Zhang Fuxi , Wu Yun , Hu Qingsong
Published: January 2025

Selective multi-directional sound projection across a wide-band low mid-frequency range remains a significant challenge in acoustic applications, primarily due to the manipulation of long wavelengths within compact acoustic meta-lens. This study introduces a novel directional acoustic beaming theoretical method, specifically a duplexcavity four-lobe valve-shaped acoustic meta-lens (DFVAM). By manipulating geometric parameters, the DFVAM effectively controls downstream acoustic in a directional sound projection fashion that enhances sound wave propagation across multiple wide frequency bands. Experimental results validate substantial sound focusing at frequencies of 4500–4800 Hz, 7200–7600 Hz, 9700–10 300 Hz, and 11 400–11 600 Hz, achieving sound beam lengths between 12 and 21 λ, cross-sectional areas ranging from 0.7 to 2 λ, and FWHM values of 0.140–0.218 m. This meta-lens offers efficient acoustic modulation and focusing across various frequency ranges, presenting promising applications in acoustic directional transmission, sound energy collecting and acoustic levitation.
The ballistic pendulum experiment reimagined for rotational motion
Authors: Lee Frank X
Published: January 2025

Ballistic pendulum is a standard lab in introductory physics. It is primarily used to measure the velocity of a projectile by applying the fundamental physics laws of momentum conservation and energy conservation. Here the lab is reimagined as a vehicle to study dynamics of rigid bodies, a topic that is often perceived as complex and difficult by students. Using existing equipment and through a series of guided activities, students get to experiment with a rich set of rotational concepts, such as center of mass, moment of inertia, rotational kinetic energy, torque, physical pendulum, angular momentum and its conservation. It is demonstrated that the widely used linear model is an approximation of the rotational model detailed here. The difference is quantified in terms of velocity determination, energy loss, and forces in the system.
Analysis and applications of a heralded electron source
Authors: Koppell Stewart A , Simonaitis John W , Krielaart Maurice A R , Putnam William P , Berggren Karl K , Keathley Phillip D
Published: January 2025

We analytically describe the noise properties of a heralded electron source made from a standard electron gun, a weak photonic coupler, a single photon counter, and an electron energy filter. We describe the sub-Poissonian statistics of the source, the engineering requirements for efficient heralding, and several potential applications. We use simple models of electron beam processes to demonstrate advantages which are situational, but potentially significant in electron lithography and scanning electron microscopy.
Gravitational deflection of light in polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman black hole
Authors: Wang Xuan , Lin Wenbin , Yang Bo , He Guansheng
Published: January 2025

The gravitational deflection of light signals restricted in the polar-axis plane of a moving Kerr-Newman (KN) black hole with a constant velocity along the polar axis is studied within the second post-Minkowskian (PM) approximation. For this purpose, the Lorentz boosting technique is adopted to obtain the exact metric of a moving KN black hole with an arbitrary constant velocity in Kerr-Schild coordinates for the first time. Based on the weak field limit of the exact metric, we then derive the equations of motion of test particles constrained in the polar-axis plane of a moving KN source whose velocity is along the polar axis and collinear with its angular momentum. An iterative technique is utilized subsequently in the calculations of the null deflection angle up to the 2PM order caused by the moving lens, and this deflection angle is found to be spin-independent. Finally, we discuss the influence of the motion of the lens on the gravitational deflection and estimate the possibility to detect this kinematical effect. Our work might be helpful for future astronomical observations.
Axionic excitation and vorticity in a QCD string model with anomaly inflow
Authors: Xiong Chi
Published: January 2025

A new phenomenological model (axionic QCD string) is constructed to study the topological issues of the QCD vacuum and hadron structure. It provides an alternative way of tackling the Strong CP problem, which is different from the traditional Peccei-Quinn approach. Neither new particle nor extra symmetry is introduced, and the role of Peccei-Quinn axion is played by a quasiparticle arising from the phase of the quark condensate, dubbed as axionic excitation. The derivative of this excitation field is decomposed into a regular part and a singular part, and the latter contains vorticity from the string configuration. A hidden gauge symmetry is revealed in this decomposition and vorticity is represented by an emergent gauge field associated with anomalies. These components, together with the anomaly-inflow mechanism, complete the effective Lagrangian description for the axionic QCD string.
The boundary effect of QGP droplets and the self-similarity effect of hadrons on QGP-hadron phase transition
Authors: Dai Tingting , Ding Huiqiang , Cheng Luan , Zhang Wei-Ning , Wang En-Ke
Published: January 2025

We investigate the boundary effect of QGP droplets and the self-similarity effect of hadrons on QGP-hadron phase transition. In intermediate or low energy collisions, when the transverse momentum is below QCD scale, QGP cannot be produced. However, if the transverse momentum fluctuates to a relatively large value, a small scale QGP droplet is produced. The modified MIT bag model with multiple reflection expansion method is employed to study the QGP droplet with the curved boundary effect. It is found that the energy density, entropy density and pressure of QGP with the influence are smaller than those without the influence. In hadron phase, we propose Two-Body Fractal Model (TBFM) to study the self-similarity structure, arising from the resonance, quantum correlation and interaction effects. It is observed that the energy density, entropy density and pressure increase due to the self-similarity structure. We calculate the transverse momentum spectra of pions with the self-similarity structure influence, showing a good agreement with the experimental data. Considering both boundary effect and self-similarity structure influence, our model predicts an increase in the transition temperature compared to the scenarios without these two effects in HIAF energy region 2.2∽4.5 GeV.
RSVP keyboard with inquiry preview: mixed performance and user experience with an adaptive, multimodal typing interface combining EEG and switch input
Authors: Peters Betts , Celik Basak , Gaines Dylan , Galvin-McLaughlin Deirdre , Imbiriba Tales , Kinsella Michelle , Klee Daniel , Lawhead Matthew , Memmott Tab , Smedemark-Margulies Niklas , Wiedrick Jack , Erdogmus Deniz , Oken Barry , Vertanen Keith , Fried-Oken Melanie
Published: January 2025

Objective. The RSVP Keyboard is a non-implantable, event-related potential-based brain-computer interface (BCI) system designed to support communication access for people with severe speech and physical impairments. Here we introduce inquiry preview (IP), a new RSVP Keyboard interface incorporating switch input for users with some voluntary motor function, and describe its effects on typing performance and other outcomes. Approach. Four individuals with disabilities participated in the collaborative design of possible switch input applications for the RSVP Keyboard, leading to the development of IP and a method of fusing switch input with language model and electroencephalography (EEG) evidence for typing. Twenty-four participants without disabilities and one potential end user with incomplete locked-in syndrome took part in two experiments investigating the effects of IP and two modes of switch input on typing accuracy and speed during a copy-spelling task. Main results. For participants without disabilities, IP and switch input tended to worsen typing performance compared to the standard RSVP Keyboard condition, with more consistent effects across participants for speed than for accuracy. However, there was considerable variability, with some participants demonstrating improved typing performance and better user experience (UX) with IP and switch input. Typing performance for the potential end user was comparable to that of participants without disabilities. He typed most quickly and accurately with IP and switch input and gave favorable UX ratings to those conditions, but preferred standard RSVP Keyboard. Significance. IP is a novel multimodal interface for the RSVP Keyboard BCI, incorporating switch input as an additional control signal. Typing performance and UX and preference varied widely across participants, reinforcing the need for flexible, customizable BCI systems that can adapt to individual users. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04468919.
Impact of Acrylamide on Crawling Activity of Three Drosophila Strains: Larval Speed and Contraction Number
Authors: Kharomah S , Ramadhan M J , Zahrah N A , Kharomah S , Agustin M , Mirandah D , Fauzi A , Zubaidah S
Published: January 2025

Acrylamide is a chemical compound that can be formed in some foods cooked at high temperatures. This chemical substance has the potential to cause various health problems, although some publications report findings to the contrary. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of acrylamide consumption and strain type on crawling performance in Drosophila melanogaster larvae: crawling speed and number of beats. This experimental study divided Drosophila into groups without consumption, consumption of 24 mg/kg bw/day and consumption of 48 mg/kg bw/day. In the crawling speed parameter, only the strain factor had a significant effect (F = 24.580, p < 0.001), while acrylamide consumption (F = 0.706, p = 0.519) and interaction factors did not have a significant effect (F = 0.782, p = 0.565). Strain also had a significant effect on the number of twitches (F = 4.555, p = 0.043), while acrylamide administration (F = 0.731, p = 0.508) and the interaction of the two factors (F = 0.426, p = 0.787) did not have a significant effect. The results of this study indicate that acrylamide does not have a significant effect on the crawling performance and number of beats of D. melanogaster larvae, although differences between strains have a significant impact. These findings have implications for assessing the risk of toxicity to human health. Genetic variation between individuals has the potential to influence individual sensitivity to acrylamide exposure.
Adaptable Biophilic Design for Informal Learning Spaces: Cultivating Comfort and Inspiration for Marginalized Communities
Authors: Azizah M I , Putrie Y E , Samudro H
Published: January 2025

This study explores the application of biophilic design principles to informal learning spaces in Indonesia, with a focus on marginalized communities. While biophilic design has been extensively studied in formal educational settings, its potential in informal learning environments remains largely unexplored. This research addresses this gap by synthesizing biophilic design patterns, diverse learning styles, and contextual considerations of adaptability, affordability, and simplicity. Through a comprehensive literature review, analysis of existing informal learning spaces in Indonesia, and consideration of various learning modalities, we developed six key design criteria: (1) adaptable, simple spatial layouts; (2) natural sensory-stimulating elements; (3) affordable and low-maintenance nature elements; (4) cost-effective materials with calming natural colours and textures; (5) seamless indoor-outdoor connections; and (6) adjustable natural and artificial lighting and airflow. These criteria form a framework for creating nature-inspired, learner-centred environments that support diverse educational needs while respecting economic constraints. Our findings suggest that integrating biophilic design in informal learning spaces can enhance educational experiences for marginalized communities in Indonesia. This study contributes to the growing body of research on biophilic design in educational settings and provides practical guidelines for implementation in resource-limited contexts. Future research directions include broader exploration of non-formal learning environments, mixed-methods approaches for comprehensive evaluation, and investigation of long-term impacts on learning outcomes and well-being.
Energy Efficiency Improvement Strategies for High-Rise Apartment in Bintaro Using the EDGE Assessment Tool
Authors: Mannan K A , Safitri R
Published: January 2025

The implementation of green building concepts is becoming increasingly important in light of the growing awareness of the environmental impacts of the construction sector. This research focuses on the importance of implementing green building concepts, especially in apartment structures. EDGE (Excellence in Design for Greater Efficiencies) is an assessment tool used to determine whether a building can be classified as a green building. Based on prior studies, the apartment buildings in Bintaro, which serve as the case study, have not met the minimum required energy savings standard of 20% stipulated by EDGE. This study aims to identify strategies for applying green building concepts that would enable these apartments to achieve energy efficiency standards. This research employs a quantitative methodology, utilizing simulations with the EDGE application to evaluate and optimize energy performance strategies for achieving green building standards in existing apartment structures. The results of this research demonstrate various feasible strategies that can be implemented to enhance energy efficiency, particularly for existing apartment buildings. By optimizing artificial lighting with sensors, implementing energy-saving technologies, and using smart meters for energy monitoring, the apartment buildings in Bintaro can achieve the minimum energy efficiency standard of 20.14% required for EDGE certification as a green building.
Application of CuO/α-Fe2O3 Composite from Magnetic Filter Ceramic Waste as Photocatalyst for Handling Methylene Blue
Authors: Humaira A F , Hadisantoso E P , Wahyudi K
Published: January 2025

Ceramic waste is considered non-recyclable waste, but it lacks regulations for processing waste from the ceramic industry. Industrial ceramic waste can be reused as a photocatalyst material because it contains metal oxides, including abundant iron oxide. However, the disadvantage of iron oxide as a photocatalyst is the high level of charge recombination. Compositing is one of the ways to increase the photocatalytic activity of iron oxide. The composite chosen in this research is the CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite. CuO works to reduce charge recombination of α-Fe2O3 by increasing charge separation. The purpose of this synthesis is for analyzing photocatalyst activity of CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite to degrading methylene blue. In this research, α-Fe2O3 and CuO were synthesized with the coprecipitation method and compotizing with solid-state method. CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite was characterized with XRD and UV-DRS. XRD characterization shows that both iron oxide and copper oxide phases on the composite. CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite phase having crystal size between 220 – 280 nm. At UV-DRS characterization, band gap energy of CuO/α-Fe2O3 composite obtained from Kubelka Munk equation is between 1,38 – 1,49 eV. The best condition was found on CuO/α-Fe2O3 1:1 composite with an optimum mass of 9 g/L methylene blue at 180 minute of exposure and at a pH of 11.