bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk factors of poor prognosis and impairment of activities of daily living in patients with hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers
Authors: Arai Junya , Kato Jun , Toda Nobuo , Kurokawa Ken , Shibata Chikako , Kurosaki Shigeyuki , Funato Kazuyoshi , Kondo Mayuko , Takagi Kaoru , Kojima Kentaro , Ohki Takamasa , Seki Michiharu , Tagawa Kazumi
Published: December 2020

Background: Impairment of activities of daily living (ADL) due to hemorrhagic gastroduodenal ulcers (HGU) has rarely been evaluated. We analyzed the risk factors of poor prognosis, including mortality and impairment of ADL, in patients with HGU.Methods: In total, 582 patients diagnosed with HGU were retrospectively analyzed. Admission to a care facility or the need for home adaptations during hospitalization were defined as ADL decline. The clinical factors were evaluated: endoscopic features, need for interventional endoscopic procedures, comorbidities, symptoms, and medications. The risk factors of outcomes were examined with multivariate analysis.Results: Advanced age (> 75 years) was a significant predictor of poor prognosis, including impairment of ADL. Additional significant risk factors were renal disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.44–8.14) for overall mortality, proton pump inhibitor (PPIs) usage prior to hemorrhage (OR, 5.80; 95% CI, 2.08–16.2), and heart disease (OR, 3.05; 95% CI, 1.11–8.43) for the impairment of ADL. Analysis of elderly (> 75 years) subjects alone also revealed that use of PPIs prior to hemorrhage was a significant predictor for the impairment of ADL (OR, 8.24; 95% CI, 2.36–28.7).Conclusion: In addition to advanced age, the presence of comorbidities was a risk of poor outcomes in patients with HGU. PPI use prior to hemorrhage was a significant risk factor for the impairment of ADL, both in overall HGU patients and in elderly patients alone. These findings suggest that the current strategy for PPI use needs reconsideration.
Association between insulin resistance and left ventricular hypertrophy in asymptomatic Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients: A case-control study
Authors: PHANZU Bernard KIANU , Aliocha Nkodila Natuhoyila , Eleuthère Kintoki Vita , Jean-René M’Buyamba Kabangu , Benjamin Longo-Mbenza
Published: December 2020

Background: Conflicting information exists regarding the association between insulin resistance (IR) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).We described the associations between obesity, fasting insulinemia, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and LVH in Black patients with essential hypertension.Methods: A case-control study was conducted at the Centre Médical de Kinshasa (CMK), the Democratic Republic of the Congo, between January and December 2019. Cases and controls were hypertensive patients with and without LVH, respectively. The relationships between obesity indices, physical inactivity, glucose metabolism and lipid disorder parameters, and LVH were assessed using linear and logistic regression analyses in simple and univariate exploratory analyses, respectively. When differences were observed between LVH and independent variables, the effects of potential confounders were studied through the use of multiple linear regression and in conditional logistic regression in multivariate analyses. The coefficients of determination (R2), adjusted odds ratios (aORs), and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated to determine associations between LVH and the independent variables.Results: Eighty-eight LVH cases (52 men) were compared against 132 controls (81 men). Variation in left ventricular mass (LVM) could be predicted by the following variables: age (19%), duration of hypertension (31.3%), body mass index (BMI, 44.4%), waist circumference (WC, 42.5%), glycemia (20%), insulinemia (44.8%), and HOMA-IR (43.7%). Hypertension duration, BMI, insulinemia, and HOMA-IR explained 68.3% of LVM variability in the multiple linear regression analysis. In the logistic regression model, obesity increased the risk of LVH by 3-fold [aOR: 2.8; 95% CI (1.06–7.4); p = 0.038], and IR increased the risk of LVH by 8-fold [aOR: 8.4; 95: (3.7–15.7); p < 0.001].Conclusion: Obesity and IR appear to be the primary predictors of LVH in Black sub-Saharan African hypertensive patients. The comprehensive management of cardiovascular risk factors should be emphasized, with particular attention paid to obesity and IR. A prospective population-based study of Black sub-Saharan individuals that includes the use of serial imaging remains essential to better understand subclinical LV deterioration over time and to confirm the role played by IR in Black sub-Saharan individuals with hypertension.
Revisiting Methods For Modeling Longitudinal and Survival Data: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Ngwa Julius S , Cabral Howard J , Cheng Debbie M , Gagnon David R , LaValley Michael P , Cupples L. Adrienne
Published: December 2020

Background: Statistical methods for modeling longitudinal and time-to-event data has received much attention in medical research and is becoming increasingly useful. In clinical studies, such as cancer and AIDS, longitudinal biomarkers are used to monitor disease progression and to predict survival. These longitudinal measures are often missing at failure times and may be prone to measurement errors. More importantly, time-dependent survival models that include the raw longitudinal measurements may lead to biased results. In previous studies these two types of data are frequently analyzed separately where a mixed effects model is used for the longitudinal data and a survival model is applied to the event outcome. Methods: In this paper we compare joint maximum likelihood methods, a two-step approach and a time dependent covariate method that link longitudinal data to survival data with emphasis on using longitudinal measures to predict survival. We apply a Bayesian semi-parametric joint method and maximum likelihood joint method that maximizes the joint likelihood of the time-to-event and longitudinal measures. We also implement the Two-Step approach, which estimates random effects separately, and a classic Time Dependent Covariate Model. We use simulation studies to assess bias, accuracy and coverage probabilities for the estimates of the link parameter that connects the longitudinal measures to survival times. Results: Simulation results demonstrate that the Two-Step approach performed best at estimating the link parameter when variability in the longitudinal measure is low but is somewhat biased downwards when the variability is high. Bayesian semi-parametric and maximum likelihood joint methods yield higher link parameter estimates with low and high variability in the longitudinal measure. The Time Dependent Covariate method resulted in consistent underestimation of the link parameter. We illustrate these methods using data from the Framingham Heart Study in which lipid measurements and Myocardial Infarction data were collected over a period of 26 years.Conclusions: Traditional methods for modeling longitudinal and survival data, such as the time dependent covariate method, that use the observed longitudinal data, tend to provide downwardly biased estimates. The two-step approach and joint models provide better estimates, although a comparison of these methods may depend on the underlying residual variance.
Long-period ground motion simulation using centroid moment tensor inversion solutions based on the regional three-dimensional model in the Kanto region, Japan
Authors: Takemura Shunsuke , Yoshimoto Kazuo , Shiomi Katsuhiko
Published: December 2020

We conducted centroid moment tensor (CMT) inversions of moderate ( Mw 4.5–6.5) earthquakes in the Kanto region, Japan, using a local three-dimensional (3D) model. We then investigated the effects of our 3D CMT solutions on long-period ground motion simulations. Grid search CMT inversions were conducted using displacement seismograms for periods of 25–100 s. By comparing our 3D CMT solutions with those from the local one-dimensional (1D) catalog, we found that our 3D CMT inversion systematically provides magnitudes smaller than those in the 1D catalog. The Mw differences between 3D and 1D catalogs tend to be significant for earthquakes within the oceanic slab. By comparing ground motion simulations between 1D and 3D velocity models, we confirmed that observed Mw differences could be explained by differences in the rigidity structures around the source regions between 3D and 1D velocity models. The 3D velocity structures (especially oceanic crust and mantle) are important for estimating seismic moments in intraslab earthquakes, which are related to fault size estimation. A detailed discussion for intraslabe seismicity can be conducted by using the 3D CMT catalog. The seismic moments also directly affect the amplitudes of ground motions. The 3D CMT catalog allows us to directly conduct the precise forward and inverse modeling of long-period ground motion without adjusting source models, which have been typically applied in the cases using the 1D CMT catalog. We also conducted long-period ground motion simulations using our 3D CMT solutions to evaluate the reproducibility of long-period ground motions at stations within the Kanto Basin. The simulations of our 3D CMT solutions well-reproduced observed ground motions for periods longer than 10 s, even at stations within the Kanto Basin. The reproducibility of simulations was improved from those using solutions in the 1D catalog.
A randomized, multicenter, open-label, adaptive, proof of concept clinical trial of new antivirals working against Sars-CoV2: Direct Antivirals Working against the Novel coronavirus – Azithromycin (DAWn-AZITHRO) trial
Authors: Gyselinck Iwein , Liesenborghs Laurens , Landeloos Ewout , Belmans Ann , Verbeke Geert , Verhamme Peter , Vos Robin , Janssens Wim
Published: December 2020

Background: The rapid emergence and the high disease burden of the novel coronavirus Sars-CoV-2 has created a medical need for readily available drugs that can decrease viral replication or blunt the hyperinflammatory state leading to severe COVID-19 disease. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic, known for its immunomodulatory properties. It has shown antiviral effect specifically against Sars-CoV-2 in vitro, and acts on cytokine signaling pathways that have been implicated in COVID-19.Methods: DAWn-Azithro is a randomized, open-label, phase 2 proof-of-concept, multicenter clinical trial, evaluating the safety and efficacy of azithromycin for treating hospitalized patients with COVID-19. It is part of a series of trials testing promising interventions for COVID-19, running in parallel and grouped under the name DAWn-studies. Patients hospitalized on dedicated COVID-wards are eligible for study-inclusion when they are symptomatic (i.e. clinical or radiological signs) and have been diagnosed with COVID-19 within the last 72 hours through PCR (nasopharyngeal swab or bronchoalveolar lavage), or chest CT scan showing typical features of COVID-19 and without alternate diagnosis. Patients are block-randomized (9 patients) with a 2:1 allocation to receive azithromycin plus standard of care versus standard of care alone. Standard of care is mostly supportive, but may comprise hydroxychloroquine, up to the treating physician’s discretion and depending on local policy and national health regulations. The treatment group receives azithromycin qd 500 mg during the first 5 consecutive days after inclusion. The trial will include 284 patients and recruits from 15 centers across Belgium. Primary outcome is time from admission (day 0) to life discharge or to sustained clinical improvement, defined as an improvement of two points on the WHO 7-category ordinal scale sustained for at least 3 days.Discussion: The trial investigates the urgent and still unmet global need for drugs that may impact on the disease course of COVID-19. It will either provide support or else justify the discouragement of the current widespread, uncontrolled use of azithromycin in patients with COVID-19. The analogous design of other parallel trials of the DAWN-consortium, will amplify the chance of identifying successful treatment strategies and allow comparison of treatment effects within an identical clinical context.Trial registration: EU Clinical trials register, EudraCT Nb 2020-001614-38. Start date 2020-04-22.
Post-status epilepticus treatment with the Fyn inhibitor, saracatinib, improves cognitive function in mice
Authors: Luo Xinming , Zhao Jing , Wu Wenyue , Fu Jie , Li Zhengyu , Zhang Ming , Lu Jie
Published: December 2020

BackgroundStatus epilepticus (SE) is a life-threatening neurological disorder. The hippocampus, as an important area of the brain that regulates cognitive function, is usually damaged after SE, and cognitive deficits often result from hippocampal neurons lost after SE. Fyn, a non-receptor Src family of tyrosine kinases, is potentially associated with the onset of seizure. Saracatinib, a Fyn inhibitor, suppresses epileptogenesis and reduces epileptiform spikes. However, whether saracatinib inhibits cognitive deficits after SE is still unknown. MethodsIn the present study, a pilocarpine-induced SE mouse model was used to answer this question by using the Morris water maze and normal object recognition behavioral tests. ResultsWe found that saracatinib inhibited the loss in cognitive function following SE. Furthermore, we found that the number of hippocampal neurons in the saracatinib treatment group was increased, when compared to the SE group. ConclusionsThese results showed that saracatinib can improve cognitive functions by reducing the loss of hippocampal neurons after SE, suggesting that Fyn dysfunction is involved in cognitive deficits after SE, and that the inhibition of Fyn is a possible treatment to improve cognitive function in SE patients.
Evaluation of differential peptide loading on tandem mass tag-based proteomic and phosphoproteomic data quality
Authors: Sanford James A , Wang Yang , Hansen Joshua R , Gritsenko Marina A , Weitz Karl K , Tognon Cristina E , Petyuk Vladislav A , Qian Wei-Jun , Liu Tao , Druker Brian J , Rodland Karin D , Piehowski Paul D.
Published: December 2020

Background: Global and phosphoproteome profiling has demonstrated great utility for the analysis of clinical specimens. One major barrier to the broad clinical application of proteomic profiling is the large amount of biological material required, particularly for phosphoproteomics—currently on the order of 25 mg wet tissue weight, depending on tissue type. For hematopoietic cancers such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), the sample requirement is in excess of 10 million (1E7) peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Throughout the course of a prospective study, this requirement will certainly exceed what is obtainable from many of the individual patients/timepoints. For this reason, we were interested in examining the impact of differential peptide loading across multiplex channels on proteomic data quality. Methods: To achieve this, we tested a range of channel loading amounts (20, 40, 100, 200, and 400 μg of tryptic peptides, or approximately the material obtainable from 5E5, 1E6, 2.5E6, 5E6, and 1E7 AML patient cells) to assess proteome coverage, quantification precision, and peptide/phosphopeptide detection in experiments utilizing isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) labeling. Results: As expected, we found that fewer missing values are observed in TMT channels with higher peptide loading amounts compared to those with lower loading. Moreover, channels with lower loading amounts have greater quantitative variability than channels with higher loading amounts. Statistical analysis of the differences in means among the five loading groups showed that the 20 μg loading group was significantly different from the 400 μg loading group. However, no significant differences were detected among the 40, 100, 200 and 400 μg loading groups. Conclusions: These assessment data demonstrate the practical limits of loading differential quantities of peptides across channels in TMT multiplexes, and provide a basis for designing the optimal clinical proteomics study when specimen quantities are limited.
Cholesterol Alters Mitophagy by Impairing Optineurin Recruitment and Lysosomal Clearance in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Roca-Agujetas Vicente , Barbero-Camps Elisabet , de Dios Cristina , Podlesniy Petar , Abadin Xenia , Morales Albert , Marí Montserrat , Trullàs Ramon , Colell Anna
Published: December 2020

Background: Emerging evidence indicates that impaired mitophagy-mediated clearance of defective mitochondria is a critical event in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. Amyloid-beta (Aβ) metabolism and the microtubule-associated protein tau have been reported to regulate key components of the mitophagy machinery. However, the mechanisms that lead to mitophagy dysfunction in AD are not fully deciphered. We have previously shown that intraneuronal cholesterol accumulation can disrupt the autophagy flux, resulting in low Aβ clearance. In this study, we examine the impact of neuronal cholesterol changes on mitochondrial removal by autophagy.Methods: Regulation of PINK1-parkin-mediated mitophagy was investigated in conditions of acute (in vitro) and chronic (in vivo) high cholesterol loading using cholesterol-enriched SH-SY5Y cells, cultured primary neurons from transgenic mice overexpressing active SREBF2 (sterol regulatory element binding factor 2), and mice of increasing age that express the amyloid precursor protein with the familial Alzheimer Swedish mutation (Mo/HuAPP695swe) and mutant presenilin 1 (PS1-dE9) together with active SREBF2.Results: In cholesterol-enriched SH-SY5Y cells and cultured primary neurons, high intracellular cholesterol levels stimulated mitochondrial PINK1 accumulation and mitophagosomes formation triggered by Aβ while impairing lysosomal-mediated clearance. Antioxidant recovery of cholesterol-induced mitochondrial glutathione (GSH) depletion prevented mitophagosomes formation indicating mitochondrial ROS involvement. Interestingly, when brain cholesterol accumulated chronically in aged APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice the mitophagy flux was affected at the early steps of the pathway, with defective recruitment of the key autophagy receptor optineurin (OPTN). Sustained cholesterol-induced alterations in APP-PSEN1-SREBF2 mice promoted an age-dependent accumulation of OPTN into HDAC6-positive aggresomes, which disappeared after in vivo treatment with GSH ethyl ester (GSHee). The analyses in post-mortem brain tissues from individuals with AD confirmed these findings, showing OPTN in aggresome-like structures that correlated with high mitochondrial cholesterol levels in late AD stages.Conclusions: Our data demonstrate that accumulation of intracellular cholesterol reduces the clearance of defective mitochondria and suggest recovery of the cholesterol homeostasis and the mitochondrial scavenging of ROS as potential therapeutic targets for AD.
Medium-term outcomes after laparoscopic revision of laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy in patients with biliary atresia
Authors: Ji Yi , Zhang Xuepeng , Chen Siyuan , Li Yanan , Yang Kaiying , Zhou Jiangyuan , Xu Zhicheng
Published: December 2020

Objective: To determine whether revision laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy (RLKPE) is a viable treatment option for patients with biliary atresia (BA) who underwent initially successful laparoscopic Kasai portoenterostomy (ILKPE).Methods: The medical records of 312 patients with nonsyndromic BA who underwent ILKPE between May 2009 and May 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. The patients were divided into three groups according to their outcomes after ILKPE: group A: 25 patients who underwent RLKPE; group B: 203 patients who underwent ILKPE and required no further surgical intervention; and group C: 84 patients with failed ILKPE who either died or required liver transplantation for survival. The 3-year and 5-year survival with native liver (SNL) rates were compared between groups A and B C. Among the 25 patients in group A, the perioperative data of RLKPE were compared with those of ILKPE.Results: Of the 312 patients who underwent ILKPE, 228 reached the normal bilirubin concentration range within 6 months postoperatively. Among them, 25 patients with a sudden cessation of bile flow underwent RLKPE. Adequate biliary drainage evidenced by normalized conjugated bilirubin levels was achieved in 80% of the patients who underwent RLKPE. The perioperative variables, including operative time, blood loss, rate of conversion to open surgery and complications of RLKPE, were not significantly different between RLKPE and ILKPE. The 3-year and 5-year SNL rates in patients after RLKPE were 64.0% and 52.0%, respectively, which were not significantly different from the corresponding 86.2% and 73.9% in patients after unrevised ILKPE (P>0.05).Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that RPLKE can be a viable and effective treatment opinion in patients who experience sudden cessation of bile drainage after ILKPE. RPLKE can delay the need for liver transplantation, yielding encouraging medium-term patient outcomes.
TANTANGAN PEREMPUAN DITENGAH FAHAM FEMINISME PADA KOMUNITAS PEREMPUAN BERDAULAT DI MOJOKERTO
Authors: Hasanah Mizanul
Published: December 2020

Abstrak: Komunitas perempuan berdaulat adalah komunitas yang lahir atas pemikiran kaum muda khususnya perempuan yang ingin berdaya baik secara pemikiran maupun solutif dari segi pemikiran. Apalagi ditengah-tengah pertentangan faham feminisme yang penuh pro dan kontra. Namun pada komunitas ini memberikan informasi dan solusi tersendiri tentang bagaimana bersikap dan menempatkan diri sebagai perempuan, ibu, anak, dan anggota masyarakat. Ciri khas dari perempuan berdaulat ini adalah dengan adanya moto Perempuan berdaulat Indonesia hebat. “Cerdas yang mecerdaskan hebat menghebatkan”. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kabupaten Mojokerto kecamatan Pacet Provinsi Jawa Timur yang mana komunitas ini dicetuskan oleh mahasiswi Institut KH. Abdul Chalim Mojokerto. Tujuan dari komunitas ini adalah agar perempuan berdaulat secara pemikiran dan berdaya di segala bidang di masa mendatang. Adanya komunitas ini selain memotivasi, mengantisipasi, adalah memberikan edukasi kepada orang lain, memberi stimulus dengan menggali ilmu yang mendalam sehingga mereka mampu memberi solusi yang ilmiah dan mampu diterima dalam masyarakat.   Kata kunci: Perempuan, Faham feminisme, Komunitas Perempuan   Berdaulat Abstract: Sovereign women's community is a community that was born of the minds of young people, especially women who want to be empowered both in thought and solutive in terms of thinking. Especially amidst the contradictions of feminism that are full of pros and cons. However, this community provides its own information and solutions on how to behave and position themselves as women, mothers, children and community members. The distinctive feature of this sovereign woman is the motto of a great Indonesian sovereign woman. "Smart, smart, great, great". This research was conducted in Mojokerto district, Pacet sub-district, East Java Province where this community was initiated by a student of the KH Institute Abdul Chalim Mojokerto. The aim of this community is for women to be sovereign in their thinking and empowered in all fields in the future. The existence of this community in addition to motivating, anticipating, is providing education to others, providing stimulus by exploring in-depth knowledge so that they are able to provide scientific solutions and are able to be accepted in society. Keywords: Keywords: Women, Feminism, Sovereign Women's Community
DISMILARITAS GENDER PADA KOGNITIF DAN SOSIAL-EMOSIONAL ANAK USIA DINI
Authors: Rukmana Ika Siti
Published: December 2020

Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dismilaritas anak lelaki dan anak perempuan pada kognitif dan sosial emosionalnya. Metodenya menggunakan library research. pengumpulan data dari jurnal, buku, dll. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dismilaritas gender pada kognitif anak usia dini adalah anak lelaki lebih unggul dalam matematika dan visualspasial. Sedangkan. dismilaritas gender pada sosial-emosional anak usia dini, yakni anak perempuan lebih dalam membaca dan writing, anak lelaki kurang mengikuti nuraninya, anak lelaki lebih agresif fisiknya, anak perempuan lebih bisa mempengaruhi dalam bergosip, anak perempuan lebih bisa kontrol diri, anak lelaki lebih sering mendapat masalah dari eksternalnya, dan anak perempuan lebih memperhatikan guru di kelas. Terdapat strategi mendidik anak lelaki, yaitu ajaklah anak lelaki agar lebih sensitif, mengurangi keagresifan fisiknya, dan tingkatkanlah prestasi di sekolah. Adapun strategi dalam mendidik anak perempuan, yaitu apresiasilah dan dukunglah anak perempuan dalam kepekaannya dan pengasuhan, serta ajaklah anak perempuan agar lebih aktif dalam mengungkapkan aspirasinya.

 

Kata kunci: Dismilaritas, gender, kognitif, sosial-emosional, anak

 

Abstract: T  The aim of this study is to identify boys and girls in cognitive and social emotional. The method uses library research. data from journals, books, etc. The results showed that gender dysmillarity in early childhood cognitive was that boys were superior in mathematics and visual spatial. While. gender dysmillarity in the socio-emotional early childhood, namely girls who read and write more, boys follow their conscience less, boys are more physically aggressive, girls are more able to influence gossip, girls are more self-controlling, boys more often get into trouble from externals, and girls pay more attention to teachers in class. There is a strategy to educate boys, namely to invite boys to be more sensitive, reduce physical aggressiveness, and increase achievement in school. As for the strategy in educating girls, namely appreciating and supporting girls in their sensitivity and nurture, and encourage girls to be more active in expressing their aspirations

 

Keywords: Dysmilarity, gender, cognitive, social-emotional, child.
KESIAPAN IBU DALAM PERANNYA SEBAGAI PENDIDIK ANAK UNTUK MEMPERSIAPKAN MASA DEPAN BANGSA
Authors: Aziza Noer
Published: December 2020

The role of mothers in the family environment plays a quite dominant role in terms of children's education that makes a mother hold high responsibility in the progress of a nation. Therefore, a mother is required to have high self-quality to be able to educate future generations. But in reality in Indonesia there are still many quality mothers who still do not meet the needs and eligibility as a teacher in a household. For this reason, this study wants to find the level of quality of children's education from the role of a mother by conducting a study of the data obtained and found solutions to improve the quality of the mother. The results of this study indicate that with some actions will provide a positive thing for the quality and role of mothers in realizing the future of the nation through the future of a child as the successor generation of his nation.
IMPLEMENTASI KURIKULUM RAMAH ANAK DIMASA PANDEMI COVID 19
Authors: Hasanah Uswatun , Sibilana Annas Ribab , Nurhidayati Nurhidayati
Published: December 2020

The curriculum is the most important element in the educational process. The curriculum is constantly changing in order to find the perfect formula to improve the quality of education. The change is not only caused by the development of science and technology, but social aspects or even a disaster can also be the factors for changing curriculum. Such as non-natural disasters, which have attacked Indonesia since March 2020, namely the COVID-19 Pandemic. The pandemic demands that education managers in each institution to innovate in compiling a curriculum that can be implemented effectively and efficiently. Such as the child-friendly curriculum implemented in MI Barokah At-Tahdzib. The study aims to explain the implementation of the child-friendly curriculum at MI Barokah At-Tahdzib during the Covid 19 Pandemic. The method used is a qualitative method with interactive model data analysis techniques. The results of this study indicate that the child-friendly curriculum is implemented by 1) implementing offline learning while still paying attention to health protocols 2) Creating study groups consisting of a maximum of 12 children to reduce social and physical distance with a learning duration of 1.5-2 hours 3) Assessment Learning cognitive and psychomotor aspects carried out in a network via Whatsapp and google form, the cost of sending affective aspects is carried out by observation techniques when face-to-face group learning
Stres dan Strategi Daya Tindak dalam Kalangan Pelajar Program Transformasi
Diri (PTD) di Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pulau Pinang (IPGKPP)
Authors: Ali Mohamad Faizel , Ahmad Nor Shafrin
Published: December 2020

The Malaysian Institute of Teacher Education (IPGM) has designed a comprehensive teacher training program for Sijil Pelajaran Malaysia (SPM) graduates, by using competitive teacher training program that in line with the needs of the globalisation era. However, this teacher training program is challenged when there are cases of suicide as well as an increase in dropout cases using IPGM students. This study aims to identify the level of stress and coping strategies among students of the Program Transformasi Diri (PTD) according to gender and course options taken at Institut Pendidikan Guru Kampus Pulau Pinang (IPGKPP). A total of 41 respondents consisting of 21 male students and 20 female students. Respondents in this study were selected based on the purpose of sampling method that is the study respondents should consist of participants from the PTD organised by the Psychology and Counseling Unit IPGKPP. This study used a questionnaire to collect responses from respondents based on two questionnaires used namely Depressive Anxiety and Stress Scales 42-item (DASS-42) Malay Version for measuring the level of stress and Inventori Strategi Daya Tindak (ISDT) to identify strategies responsiveness of the respondents of this study. The results showed that the study respondents were at a mild and moderate level of stress. Furthermore, the findings of the study also show that there is no significant difference between gender factors as well as study options with the level of stress faced. In addition, the findings also show that the study respondents are more likely to use engagement strategies that show the ability to manage the problems they face. As a result of the findings obtained, the researcher suggested that there should be a specific program provided related to stress management skills in the study of IPGM trainee teachers who pay attention to aspects of coping strategies in an effort to address the stress faced.
Borders Unbound: Cultural and Political Borders in Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals
Authors: ÇELİKEL Mehmet Ali
Published: December 2020

Lawrence Osborne’s Beautiful Animals, published in 2017, is the story of two young women holidaying on a Greek Island. The American citizen Samantha and the British citizen Naomi befriend each other during their summer break when they find Faoud, a Syrian refugee washed on the shores of the island. Faoud turns into their summer project. They find him an abandoned home in a village and cherish him with food and drink every day. However, the project fails and they find themselves in a psychologically traumatic adventure that forces them to question the cultural, political and even psychological borders of what they dare to do. This paper focuses on the anxiety of the young women over Faoud’s existence that prompts crucial cultural and political questions. In analysing the novel from the perspective of Sartre’s existentialism, the paper also questions the cultural, political and geographical borders as well as the behavioural and psychological limits of what one can do for self-protection.
Söylemsel Psikoloji ve Zihinsel Üslup: Öykü Çözümlemesi
Authors: SARAÇ DURGUN H. Sezgi
Published: December 2020

Zihinsel üslup kişinin zihin akışını, kullandığı dile yansıttığı görüşüne dayanır. Buna göre, bir kişinin kullandığı dilde birçok farklı dilbilim unsurları bulunmakta ve bu unsurlar bireyin zihinsel süreçlerine ışık tutabilmektedir. Konuşmacıya ait bu türden dilbilimsel seçimler farklı zihinsel durumlarla ilişkilendirilir. Sözcük seçimi, sözdizimi, yan anlamlar, geçişlilik ve benzeri dil kullanımları söylemsel psikoloji ve dolayısıyla zihinsel üslup araştırma alanına girer. Bu çalışmanın amacı, yazar Mine Söğüt’ün Annemin O Harikulade Saçları öyküsündeki başkarakterin söylemindeki zihinsel üsluba ilişkin dil unsurlarını incelemektir. Karakterin birincil ağızdan anlattığı bu öyküde farklı odaklayımlar, şimdiki zaman ve geçmiş zaman bağlamlarının bir arada sunumu ve geçişliliğin çeşitliliği metinde göze çarpmaktadır. Öykünün açılışında en fazla somut süreç göze çarpsa da farklı süreçlerin bir arada verildiği bir metinle konunun aktarıldığı görülmektedir. Bu çeşitlilik ve çokluk olgusu, sözcük ve yapı kullanımlarında da ‘tekrar’ ile kendini göstermektedir. Metindeki biçimsel yinelemeler âdeta bir yankı, vurgulama, öne çıkarma, sayıklama etkisi ile ana karakterin psikolojik ikilemini yansıtmaktadır.
Veba ile Başlayan Değişim: Kara Ölüm’den Sonra Büyük Britanya’da Değişen Gündelik Yaşam
Authors: KARAİMAMOĞLU Tolgahan , GÜMÜŞ Tarık Tolga
Published: December 2020

Kara Ölüm 1347-1352 yılları arasında başta Avrupa olmak üzere dünyanın dört bir yanında etkili olan ve kısa sürede milyonlarca insanın yaşamını sonlandıran büyük veba salgınına verilen isimdir. 1348 yılının son döneminde Büyük Britanya’ya da sıçrayan bu büyük veba salgınıyla birlikte nüfusun önemli bir kısmı hayatını kaybetmiştir. Büyük Britanya genelinde nüfusu seyrekleştiren veba salgını sonrasında gündelik yaşamın olağan ritmi değişmeye ve yeni bir hal almaya başlamıştır. Kara Ölüm’ün yol açtığı can kayıpları insanı daha değerli kılmıştır. Bu durumda hayatta kalan fakir kesimin salgından sonraki süreçte standartlarında ciddi iyileşmelerin yaşanmasını sağlamıştır. Tek değişim bu da olmamıştır. Üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıklarından, mimariye, sanat ve edebiyata, düşünsel yapıya ve teknik ilerlemelere kadar gündelik hayatı oluşturan pek çok birleşen bu süreçle birlikte değişime ve yeni şekil almaya başlamıştır. Araştırma bu noktadan hareketle Kara Ölüm sonrasında Büyük Britanya’da yeni bir hâl alan gündelik yaşama genel bir bakış sunmaktadır.
Attitude and Pattern of Solid Waste Management Practices among Residents of Oshodi-Isolo Local Government Area Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: A Oladejo John
Published: December 2020

Indiscriminate disposal of solid waste pollutes the environment and poses a health risk to the public. This study therefore examined the attitude and pattern of solid waste management practices among the residents of Oshodi-Isolo Local Government area, Lagos State. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design. A Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 600 respondents for the study. A validated semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Descriptive and inferential statistics were conducted to give statistical responses to the research questions and hypotheses using SPSS version 23. The mean age of respondents was 38.28±12.48years. More than half (51%) of the respondents were male. Majority (91%) of the respondents had positive attitude towards solid waste management. More (61.8%) of the respondents’ reported that they had waste bins in their houses. Less than half 247(41.2%) of the respondents did not separate their wet and dry waste before they disposal. Few (15.8%) of the respondents’ burned their waste. There is a significant relationship between resident’s attitude (r =0.14, p=0.00) and their solid waste disposal practice. Most of the respondents had a positive attitude towards proper waste management and poor practice of solid waste management. It is recommended that the government through the federal and state ministries of Health and Environment should create awareness via seminars, radio, televisions, and social media to teach best practices in waste management.
Incorporating Pacific Ocean climate information to enhance the tree-ring-based streamflow reconstruction skill
Authors: Bukhary Saria , Kalra Ajay , Ahmad Sajjad
Published: December 2020

The Sacramento River Basin (SRB) and the San Joaquin River Basin (JRB) have a history of recurring droughts. Both are important for California, being the crucial source of water supply. The available instrumental records may not depict the long-term hydrologic variability encompassing the duration and frequency of the historic low flow events. Thus, streamflow reconstruction becomes important in the current scenario of climatic alteration, escalating population and growing water needs. Studies have shown that Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI), and Pacific Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) influence the precipitation and streamflow volumes of southwestern United States, particularly California. The focus of this study is to enhance the traditional tree-ring chronology (TRC)-based streamflow reconstruction approach by incorporating the predictors of SST, PDO, and SOI together with TRC, in a stepwise linear regression (SLR) model. The methodology was successfully applied to selected gauges located in the SRB and the JRB using five SLR models (SLR 1–5), and reconstructions were developed from 1801 to 1980 with an overlap period of 1933–1980. An improved reconstruction skill was demonstrated by using SST in combination with TRC (SLR-3 and SLR-5) (calibration r2 = 0.6–0.91 and cross-validation r² = 0.44–0.74) compared with using TRC only (SLR-1), or TRC along with SOI and PDO (SLR-2; calibration r2 = 0.51–0.78 and cross-validation r² = 0.41–0.68).
RECENTES ALTERAÇÕES NAS GELEIRAS E NOS SISTEMAS PARAGLACIAIS, ANTÁRTICA MARÍTIMA
Authors: Perondi Cleiva , Rosa Kátia Kellem da , Petsch Carina , Idalino Filipe Daros , Oliveira Manoela Araújo Gonçalves de , Lorenz Júlia Lopes , Vieira Rosemary , Simões Jefferson Cardia
Published: December 2020

O artigo investiga alterações nos sistemas paraglaciais e interconexões com a retração glacial em setores da ilha Rei George, Antártica Marítima. Foi analisado o ambiente proglacial, resultado da deglaciação recente, e identificados os tipos de formas de relevo em suas diferentes escalas. Estes registros são úteis para a reconstrução de estágios sucessivos evolutivos no sistema paraglacial. Os resultados demonstraram que o ambiente marginal às geleiras e sistemas paraglaciais estão evoluindo na ilha Rei George e há novas paisagens. Algumas geleiras apresentaram uma mudança importante entre 2000 e 2019, onde sua classificação mudou de geleira de terminação marinha para geleira de terminação terrestre (não-marinha). Atualmente há 21 geleiras com término em terra na ilha Rei George (correspondendo a 31% das geleiras) e 11 destas estão localizadas na Baía do Almirantado. 25% destas geleiras eram marinhas em 2000. Os novos ambientes paraglaciais (desde 2000) têm 1,7 km2 ao total de área. Os ambientes marginais às geleiras (como as geleiras Ecology, Wanda, Windy, Anna Sul e Baranowski) mostraram formas de gênese não glacial, como planície de lavagem, depositos de tálus, ravinas e canais fluviais no sistema paraglacial recente. O mapeamento geomorfológico evidencia que os processos paraglaciais se diferenciam entre os ambientes marginais ao gelo das geleiras, não são padronizados.

Palavras-chave: processos geomorfológicos glaciais, áreas livres de gelo, mudanças climáticas.
Detection of Pseudomonas sp. in pirarucu (Arapaima gigas): a case report in the Western Amazon
Authors: Gasparotto Paulo Henrique Gilio , Freitas Humbert Teixeira de , Dantas Filho Jerônimo Vieira , Cavali Jucilene , Pontuschka Rute Bianchini , Francisco Reginaldo da Silva , Daudt Cíntia
Published: December 2020

Pirarucu (Arapaima gigas)is one of the most important fish in Amazonian fish farming. However, information about its nutritional, zootechnical and microbiological aspects is still scarce. This is especially true for the juvenile phase due to high mortality rates caused by malnutrition, difficulties in food training, endo and ectoparasite infestations, which in turn lead to immunosuppression, favoring secondary bacterial infections that may be present due to various environmental factors(e.g., sudden temperature variations, water acidity and pollution of the aquatic environment) and thestatus of fish. The Pseudomonas sp. species studied in this work is part of the aquatic ecosystem and is considered a contaminant or invader because it infects a wide variety of aquatic species, including pirarucu. Given this assumption, the objective of the study was to report a case of Pseudomonas sp.in the viscera and dorsum of a juvenile pirarucuArapaima gigas(SCHINZ, 1822) detected through bacteriological analysis. In the fish production chainin the Western Amazon, pirarucu is one of the most prominent fish species because of its high zootechnical performance in terms of weight gain and commercial value. However, one of the biggest obstacles in its production chain occurs during the juvenile phase, with high mortality rates caused by mainly bacterial infections, leading to economic losses in fish farming. In this study, Pseudomonas sp. was detected in a sample of dorsum and viscera of a pirarucu fish from a fish farm in the municipality of OuroPreto do Oeste, Rondônia, Brazil.
Synthesis, Cytotoxicity Evaluation and Molecular Docking of Fluorine
Containing Hexahydroquinoline-3-Carbonitrile Derivatives
Authors: Teraiya Nishith , Karki Subhas S. , Chauhan Ashlesha
Published: December 2020

Background:

Fluorine containing Hexahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile derivatives were found to have potent cytotoxicity. Further, Fluorine can modulate pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profile of drugs. Hence, new derivatives
containing fluorine were explored as potential cytotoxic agents.

Objective:

Difluoro substituted compounds containing aromatic/heteroaromatic rings were designed, synthesized and
screened for in vitro cytotoxicity on cancer cell lines. The active compounds were subjected to docking on Mcl-1 and
ADME/T prediction.

Methods:

The synthesized compounds were characterized using various spectral techniques like FT-IR, 1
H NMR, 13C NMR
and Mass spectra. Compounds were screened for cytotoxicity on NCI-60 cell lines at National Cancer Institute. The active
compounds were evaluated additionally by MTT and SRB assay.

Results:

Compounds (6l and 6o) showed maximum cytotoxicity with (% GI) of 69 and 63.7 at 10 µM drug concentration
respectively. Compound 6i showed potent cytotoxicity with GI50 of 7.2 µM against Ishikawa cell line. Compound 6o was
nearly as active as reference with IC50 of 9.39 µM and 13.54 µM against HT-29 and HCT-116 respectively and compound 6l
also showed equal potency to that of reference with IC50 of 9.66 µM against Caco-2. Compounds 6i, 6o and 6l showed high
docking score suggesting their cytotoxicity. Further, ADME/T prediction revealed that all the compounds have drug likeness
properties.

Conclusion:

Enhanced lipophilic interaction of compounds due to presence of fluorine in compounds 6i and 6l was revealed
during docking study. Compound 6i can be explored as a lead molecule against other endometrial cancer in futuristic drug
development.
Expeditious Preparation of N-Fmoc 2-Aminoethanesulfonyl Chlorides with Functionalized 1-Substituents
Authors: Haiouani Kheira , Chen Xingpeng , Xu Jiaxi
Published: December 2020

Aim and Objective: [(9H-Fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl (Fmoc)-protected 2-aminoethanesulfonyl
chlorides with various functionalized 1-substituents may be of use as building blocks for the Fmoc strategic
synthesis of sulfonopeptides.

Materials and Method:

Fmoc-protected 2-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides with different functionalized 1-
substituents were synthesized via radical addition of N-Fmoc allylamine and xanthates with functionalized Ssubstituents,
and subsequent oxidative chlorination with N-chlorosuccimide/HCl.

Results:

Fmoc-protected 2-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides with different functionalized 1-substituents were
synthesized via radical addition and subsequent oxidative chlorination. The mechanism on the oxidative chlorination
is proposed.

Conclusion:

The current method is an expeditious, convenient, and practical method for the synthesis of Fmocprotected
2-aminoethanesulfonyl chlorides with different functionalized 1-substituents in good to excellent
yields.
Pharmacological Management of Diabetes for Reducing Glucose Levels and Cardiovascular Disease Risk: What Evidence in South Asians?
Authors: Ghouri Nazim , Javed Hareem , Sattar Naveed
Published: December 2020

Introduction:

South Asians experience more type 2 diabetes, which is earlier in onset
and with more rapid glycaemic deterioration, although average body mass indices are lower than in
whites. Cardiovascular outcomes from diabetes drug trials are now reported as standard, with data
from newer therapies influencing patient management. However, less is known of the effect of
such therapies in South Asians. The aim of this narrative review was to extract, wherever possible,
the glucose-lowering efficacy and cardiovascular and renal outcome data for these therapies in
South Asians.

Discussion:

Despite the higher prevalence and global burden of type 2 diabetes and adverse outcomes
in South Asians, they remain underrepresented in global trials. Even when recruited, the current
method of classifying ethnicity does not commonly allow South Asian data to be extracted and
reported separately from all Asians. Interrogation of available trial data suggests broadly comparable
effects on glycaemia and weight in Asians to other ethnicities with use of glucagon-like peptide
1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), but a potentially early, albeit marginally, greater glycaemia benefit
with Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP4is) which may not be sustained. Furthermore, there
appears a potentially greater glycaemia benefit with use of sodium-glucose transport protein 2 inhibitors
(SGLT2is) in Asians compared to whites. Whether such findings are true in all Asians subgroups
requires further direct study. For cardiovascular outcomes, available data suggest at least
comparable and potentially greater outcome benefits in Asians; point estimates were more
favourable for Asians in the vast majority of GLP-1 RAs and SGLT2is outcome trials. It was, however,
impossible to determine whether the effects were similar across all Asian subgroups.

Conclusion:

We conclude that trialists should be encouraged to record ethnicity with better granularity
to allow differing ethnic groups data to be better interrogated. In the meantime, doctors
should, where possible, confidently follow newer guidelines for the use of newer glucose lowering
agents for treating glycaemia and for the prevention of cardiovascular and cardiorenal complications
in South Asian people with type 2 diabetes.