bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerial Applications of Lannate For Control of Omnivorous Looper on Avocados, Jul 1980
Authors: Bailey J. B. , Hoffmann M. P.
Published: March 2022

In 2 unreplicated tests, commercial helicopter applications of Lannate L at 1 lb aiin 20 gal water/acre were evaluated for control of mid-to-late instar omnivorous looper (OL) larvae on avocados. Both tests were conducted in commercial groves, 7-9 yrs old, located in San Diego County, CA an untreated grove was not available for comparative counts. Ten trees (20 nests/tree) were sampled for live larvae 1-2 days pre-treatment and the same trees were sampled again at various post-treatment intervals. Nests were randomly selected from inner and outer areas of the trees at a height of 1-8 ft above the ground. Nests were not sampled more than once unless reconstructed by larvae.
Citrus Rust Mite Control with Avermectin B1, 1981
Authors: French J. Victor
Published: March 2022

Avermectin, citrus oil spray (Sunspray 6N), and avermectin with citrus oil were compared to Vendex for efficacy against the citrus rust mite (CRM). Treatments were completely randomized and replicated on 4 single-tree plots of Ruby Red grapefruit on 30 ft x 25 ft spacing. All treatments were applied initially on May 29 with a John Bean Model 1010-MTBYT sprayer hand-gun at 225 psi, ca 10 gal/tree. Treatments were not reapplied until residual control of CRM was lost. At each count date, 25 fruit/replicate were randomly selected and CRM counted in a 1 cm2 lens field at 10X on the top, medium and bottom of each fruit. CRM counts were terminated after Sep 2 due to extensive fruit russet and low CRM populations in the untreated control. Fifty fruit/replicate were randomly selected and evaluated for CRM damage. Damage was expressed as percent russet, i.e. fruit with moderate to severe damage (US#2 fresh or process fruit).
Orange, Citrus Rust Mite Control (Crm) 1981
Authors: Childers C. C. , Sorreli R. W.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to single-tree plots replicated 4 (Test 1), 6 (Test 2), and 5 (Test 3) times. An unsprayed buffer tree separated trees within and between rows. Sprays were applied dilute with a hand-gun at 200 psi, ca 8 gal/tree on Jun 29 (Test 1) and 150 psi, ca 12 gal/tree on Jun 30 (Test 2) using a John Bean sprayer and at 435 psi, ca 10 gal/tree, using a truck-mounted sprayer on Jul 10 (Test 3). Water pH was 7.9 in all tests.- Twenty fruit were examined at random around the canopy of each sample tree-at various times before and after spraying. A 1 cm2 area was examined on each of 2 shaded sides per fruit. The combined 2 cm2 count per fruit of motile CRM was recorded as 1 observation.
Insect Control in Late Snap Bean, 1981
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M.
Published: March 2022

‘Spurt’ snap beans were seeded Jul 20 to a field of Sassafras sandy loam. Plots consisted of a single row of beans 25 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Soil treatments were applied in-furrow at planting time. Foliar treatments were applied Sep 3 and Sep 8 with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer with 1 drop nozzle on each side of the row and 1 over the center calibrated to deliver 85 gal/acre at 250 psi. Categories for the foliage injury ratings are as follows: (0) no damage; (1) slight damage, 10% defoliation; (2) moderate damage, 25% defoliation; (3) heavy damage, 50% defoliation; (4) severe damage, 75% defoliation; and (5) defoliated. Plots were irrigated when moisture was below normal. Yield data were taken on Sep 22.
Mexican Bean Beetle Control in Snap Beans, 1981
Authors: Linduska James J.
Published: March 2022

‘Provider’ snap beans were planted in double row plots, 75 ft in length, on Jun 8. Each plot was buffered on either side by untreated guard rows. The distance between rows was 3 ft. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Spray treatments were applied on Jul 23. All spray treatments were mixed in 10 gal of water and applied with a custom built row crop sprayer. Each of the center 2 rows was covered by 3 drop nozzles delivering 50 gal/A at 90 psi. The soil type was a Matapeake silt loam. Insect counts were made on Jul 27 by counting the number of Mexican bean beetle larvae and adults/20 ft of row.
Evaluation of Insecticides for Control of Insect Pests of Snap Beans, 1981
Authors: Waddill Van
Published: March 2022

Plots were seeded May 6 in Rockdale soil. Each plot was a single row 15 ft long planted on 3 ft centers. There were 3 replications per treatment planted in a randomized complete block design. Applications were made Jun 5, 12, 19, and 25. They were applied with a CO2 powered, 2.5 gal hand-held sprayer with 40 psi at a rate of 100 gal of water per acre. On Jun 26 and Jul 2, the number of leafhoppers and vegetable leafminers mines were counted on 10 randomly selected leaves per plot. The leafhopper counts were higher than usual, whereas the leafminer population was lower than normal.
Control of lepidopterous Larvae on Cabbage, Sandusky Co., OH, 1981
Authors: Morisak D. J. , Lindquist R. K. , Johnson R. L.
Published: March 2022

Cabbage was direct seeded on Jul 1, at the O.A.R.D.C. Vegetable Crops Branch in Fremont, OH. Rows were on 0.76 m centers and plants were later thinned to a 0.3 m in-row spacing. Treatment plots consisted of single 9.1 m rows, separated on either side from adjoining treatments by untreated border rows, and were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 rept i cat ions. Alleyways 6.1 m wide separated replications. Larval counts from 5 plants/replication/treatment were made weekly from Jul 29 to Oct 7. Insecticides were applied whenever a threshold of 0.5 total larvae/plant was met or exceeded, using a 9.5 liter CO2 pressurized hand sprayer delivering 468 liter/ha at 2.8 kg/cm2 through a single D2-25 cone nozzle. All materials were applied as foliar sprays in 3.8 liter of water to which was added X-77 spreader at a rate of 15.6 ml/50 liter. On Oct 13, plots were evaluated for larval feeding damage by rating 10 plants/plot using a 1-6 rating scale. Cabbage was harvested on Oct 14 and yields recorded from 4.6 m of each treatment row.
Cabbage Looper Control, 1981
Authors: Story R. N.
Published: March 2022

Seedling cabbage was transplanted into 48 inch rows on Sep 4 at the Hill Farm, Baton Rouge, LA. Single row plots 20 ft in length were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Insecticides were applied with a hand-held CO2 pressurized sprayer delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 psi through a single spray nozzle containing a D-3 disc, No. 25 core, and 16 mesh strainer. Spray treatments were applied on Sep 18, 28, Oct 5 and 15. A spreader sticker was added to all treatments. Evaluations were made on Oct 30 before heads fully developed by counting the number of leaves per plant with 1 or more holes greater than or equal to 2 cm2 in area. The foliage injury rating was calculated as the mean number of leaves per plant with holes present.
Apple, LC50 Values for Methomyl (Lannate 1.8 L) on Eggs of Pest and Beneficial Insects and Mites, 1981
Authors: David P. J. , Horsburgh R. L.
Published: March 2022

Egg masses laid by summer generation Piatynota spp. females were collected on Aug 18 from Red Delicious trees in a commercial apple orchard in Nelson Co., VA and brought back to the laboratory for study. Treatment rates ranged from 0.47 litre (16 oz) to 0.06 litre (2 oz) of Lannate 1.8 L/378.5 litres (100 gal) plus a water control. The leaf clusters bearing Piatynota spp. egg masses were dipped in the respective treatment solutions and were maintained in 50-dram clear plastic vials until egg hatch. One egg mass was used per vial and four, one-vial replicates were used per treatment. Data were recorded as percent hatch. Apple leaves bearing eggs of P. ulmi were collected from a research orchard in Winchester, VA on Aug 4 and were transported to the laboratory. Irregular-sized Teaf sections containing mite eggs were cut out with scissors and affixed to double-coated Scotch tape on a microscope slide. Ten eggs were used per slide and three replicates were used per treatment. Prepared slides were dipped in methomyl treatments which ranged from a rate of 0.95 litres (32 oz) to 8.52 litres (288 oz) of Lannate 1.8 L/378.5 litres (100 gal) water plus a water control. When eclosion ceased, data were recorded as percent hatch. Adult L. pomonella, reared from field collected larvae-infested apples, oviposited on waxed paper in the laboratory. Sections (7 mm diameter) of the paper with egg(s) in situ were removed with a paper punch and stuck on double-stick Scotch tape on a microscope slide. Ten eggs were affixed to each slide and three slides were used per treatment.
Lepidopterous Larval Control on Celery, 1980
Authors: Steenwyk R. A. Van , Hayashi J. T.
Published: March 2022

An experimental planting (Tall Utah 5270-R) was transplanted on Aug 13 at the University of California South Coast Field Station. Insecticidal treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized block design. The replicates were 3 rows wide (40 inch centers) by 25 ft long with a 5-ft buffer between replicates. Ten plants per replicate were inspected weekly from Sept 10 to Nov 20. Insecticides were applied when 1 or more larvae/40 plants were found. Insecticides were applied with an Arimitsu handsprayer with 4 nozzles/row at an opening pressure of 50 psi and delivery rate of 100 gal/acre. The nozzles were hollow cone, D3 orifice, 33 core, and 50-mesh screen. All treatments included 0.04% spreader/sticker (Biofilm). The treatments were harvested on Nov 25 and all plants from the center row were inspected for lepidopterous larval damage. The data were analyzed by Duncan’s multiple range test at the 5% level of probability. Arcsin transformation was used for % celery damage.
Pesticidal Effects on Leafminers and Parasites in Celery, 1981
Authors: Trumble J. T.
Published: March 2022

Tall Utah 5270-R celery was transplanted on Aug 4 at the University of California South coast Field Station in Santa Ana, CA. The crop was sprink Ie-irrigated for 2 weeks and furrow irrigated thereafter. Experimental plots were 3 beds wide (40-inch centers) by 50 ft long with 1 untreated buffer row between plots. Each bed contained 2 rows of plants 6-8 inches apart. Treatments were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Insecticides were applied weekly with a tractor-mounted boom sprayer from aug 20 through Nov 11. As plant height increased, nozzles varied from 1-3 per row and carrier (H-0) increased from 50-100 gal/acre. Hollow cone nozzles incorporated D3 orifice disks, #25 cores and 50-mesh screens. All treatments except Kryocide included 0.04$ spreader-sticker (Leaf Act 40). Pupal trays were inserted between rows of plants on the center bed of each replicate from Oct 7 through Nov 11. Leafminer parasites and the larvae, puparia and pupae of Liriomyza spp. were collected weekly from 4, 8X4 inch pupal trays per replicate.
Control of Caterpillars in Peas, 1981
Authors: Cranshaw Whitney S. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Green Giant 510’ peas were planted May 27 at the Rosemount Agricultural Experiment Station, Dakota co., MN. Plots were 27 ft x 36 ft arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications, spray applications were made at 25 psi. Plots were sampled Jul 28 by having 3 people search each plot for 4 minutes.
Insect Control on Bell Peppers, 1981
Authors: Poekert Joseph E. , Burbutis Paul P. , Goldstein Lisa F. , McDaniel John S.
Published: March 2022

Spray materials were applied using a 2 gal, CO2 pressurized, stainless steel sprayer at 38 psi in 1 gal water (= 40 gal/acre), to both sides of the rows. Treatments were replicated 4 times, in 1-row, 40 ft long plots in a complete randomized block design. Each plot consisted of 20 plants, 2 ft apart within the row, with a 6 ft space between plots and replicates. Plants were set out the last week of May on the University Farm, Newark, DE. Insecticides were applied on a weekly schedule starting Jul 9 and ending Sep 4. One ECB (European c6rn borer) egg mass, in the black-head stage, was attached to every other plant (odd-numbered) on Jul 7 and Aug 11 and on every other plant (even-numbered) on Jul 15 and Aug 18. For GPA (Green peach aphid) population counts, leaves were sampled, 20/plot, on Jul 29, Aug 5, 19 and Sep 2. Peppers, (all the commercial size (greater than 2.5 inches), mixed red and green fruit) were harvested on Sep 10. ECB infestations and the total number and weight of fruit per plot were recorded. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Irish Potato, Wireworm Control, Guildhall, Vt, 1980
Authors: Bowman James S.
Published: March 2022

This study was located on the Burt Peasley Farm, Guildhall, VT which is contiguous with the potato growing region of Coos County, New Hampshire. The area used was prepared for its second year of potato production after being in grass sod for more than 20 years. The plots were 24 ft by 50 ft with each treatment replicated 3 times in a randomized block design. Broadcast (BC) treatments were made on May 27 jut priot to planting and were worked into the soil to a depth of 4 inches.
Foliar Insecticide Trial on Snap Beans, 1983
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘Provider’ snap beans were planted in single-row plots, 25 ft long on 10 May. Treatment plots were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Foliar sprays were applied using a propane compressed air backpack sprayer with three hollow cone nozzles per row delivering 40 gal water per acre at 40 lb/in3. Spray applications were made on 16 and 23 June. Evaluation criteria consisted of counting the number of insects per 6-ft row on 17, 20, and 27 June. Pod damage was assessed by counting the number of pods with insect feeding scars out of 50 randomly chosen pods per plot on 5 Jul.
Fall Control of Imported Cabbageworm, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K.A. , Johnson E.M.
Published: March 2022

‘Market Prize’ cabbage plants were transplanted into single row plots near Benson, N.C. on 18 Aug. Plots, 10 ft long on 42-in. centers, were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Treflan 4EC 0.75 lb(AI)/acre was used for weed control. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow nozzle operated at 40 lb/in2 delivering 100 gal/acre. Treatments were applied on 24 and 31 Aug., and 7, 14, 21 and 28 Sept., for a total of six applications. Imported cabbageworm (ICW) larvae were counted on each of three plants within each plot on 3 and 24 Sept. and 5 Oct. Foliar damage ratings were made on the same plants 5 Oct.
Aster Leafhopper and Aster Yellows Control in Carrot, 1983
Authors: Ragsdale David W. , Radcliffe Edward B. , Loughran James C.
Published: March 2022

Three insecticides were evaluated to determine their effects on the aster leafhopper and its transmission of aster yellows (mycoplasma-like organism) to carrots. The trial was conducted at the Univ. of Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., Rosemount, Minn. Each plot had two 20-ft rows (40-in. centers) of ‘Scarlet Nantes’ (aster yellows resistant) and ‘Nantes Coreless’ (aster yellows susceptible) and treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block with four replicates. Both sides of each plot were bordered by two rows of lettuce, Lactuca sativa L., ‘Great Lakes’ which remained unsprayed and served as a source of aster leafhopper and aster yellows. Individual plots were separated from others by 10 ft of bare ground on all sides to minimize interplot movement of ickpack sprayer at 30 lb/in2 (27.0 the aster leafhopper. Treatments were applied using a CO2 powered backpack sprayer at 30 lb/in2 (27.0 gal/acre) except for Sevin XLR which was applied at 15 lb/inz (11.5 gal/acre). Treatments were applied biweekly from 30 June to 4 Aug. and weekly from 4 Aug. through 25 Aug. Fourteen applications in all were made. Sweep samples were taken with a 15-in. diameter sweep net (25 sweeps per plot). Insect counts were taken from all four rows, but not separated with respect to cultivar.
Efficacy of Lorsban on Collards for Control of Cabbage Maggot, 1981
Authors: Halfhill J. E.
Published: March 2022

‘Georgia’ collards were seeded into 25-ft, two-row beds having 22-in. row and 16-in. interplant spacing on 20 May. The Ritzville silt loam (Calciorthidic Haploxerolls) soil had 1.6% organic matter and a pH of 6.2. Lorsban was spray banded over the planted row at 0.8, 1.6, and 3.2 fluid oz/1000 ft of row on 20 May and again on 8 July, 30 days preharvest. The seeder or tractor mounted TEEJET 8005E nozzles applied 80 gal/acre at 60 lb/in2 while movng at 2.1 mph. Experimental design was a randomized complete block with four replicates. Plots were sprinkler irrigated as needed with a rate of 0.375 acre-in/hr. Efficacy was determined at harvest by examining 16 roots per plot for insect damage. Phytotoxicity (stand loss) was determined at thinning, ca 4 weeks after planting. There were significant decreases in both the percentage of roots damaged and the degree of damage with increasing dosage. There was no difference in stand or yield.
Sweet Corn Insecticide Demonstration Trials, 1983
Authors: Nabors Raymond A.
Published: March 2022

Our objective was to compare the effects of Ambush, Orthene, Pounce, Pydrin, and Sevin for corn earworm control in sweet corn. The corn was planted 1 May (late in comparison with normal planting during late Mar. and Apr.). Sprays are normally applied when tassels first appear. The first tassels appeared in our test on 24 June, but spraying was deliberately delayed to ensure corn earworm establishment within the test plot. Our first spraying occurred on 29 June. We sprayed again on 1 Jul., 4 Jul., 6 Jul., 8 Jul. and the final spray application was made on 11 Jul. On 12 Jul. we examined 100 ears in each treatment. The percent of infested ears in each treatment was tabulated.
European Corn Borer and Fall Armyworm Control by Registered Insecticides Applied by Air to Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Shelton A.M. , Wilsey W.T. , North R.
Published: March 2022

Three commercial fields, located near Geneva, NY, were used as replicates in a RCB design. All fields were in the whorl to green tassel stage. A Grumman Air Cat, delivering 3 gal/acre, was used to apply a single application of each treatment. Control of European corn borer was assessed by removing a whole leaf from the middle height of 10 plants per plot, excising a 4-in square from the middle of the leaf, and allowing five neonatal larvae to feed on this section for 72 h at 80°F. Fall armyworm mortality was assessed by placing five 2nd-to 3rd-stage larvae on each of 10 marked plants per plot. Larvae were placed in the whorl, as they are normally found, and the plants were sprayed by air. Four days after treatment the marked plants were dissected for the presence of dead and live larvae. To determine if air application was providing adequate coverage, fluorescent dye was applied at the rate of 1.0 lb/acre. The following day 5 plants per field were returned to the laboratory and examined under ultraviolet light for coverage.
Fall Armyworm Control on Sweet Corn, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

‘Silver Queen’ sweet corn was planted on 25 May near Benson, N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Layby, granular and foliar spray applications were initiated at the 6-in stage 15 June. Foliar treatments were applied using a2CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 on 30 June and 7 July. Granular treatments were applied on 15 June, using shaker jars. Dyfonate 20G was placed in the whorl.
European Corn Borer Control in Sweet Corn, 1983
Authors: Straub Richard W.
Published: March 2022

‘Sprite’ was planted 3 May in Tioga silt-loam soil at New Paltz, N. Y. Treatments were arranged in two-row plots 488 ft long, replicated four times in a randomized block design. Granular insecticides were applied through a Gandy applicator mounted on the hydraulic boom of a high clearance sprayer operated at a ground speed of 2.5 mph. Granules were directed through a 4-in bander to the centers of plants in the mid-whorl stage of development on 24 June. Foliar spray treatments were applied beginning at the mid-whorl stage with a high clearance sprayer through three nozzles per row, dispensing 42 gal/acre at 100 lb/in2. Treatments were applied on 27 June and 7, 12, and 15 July. Dyfonate 10G and 20G single applications to the whorl were compared to single whorl applications plus methomyl silk sprays applied on 12 and 15 July. At harvest maturity (25 July), 50 ears from each treatment-replicate were examined for economic ear damage by ECB larvae.
An Electrodyne Sprayer to Control Colorado Potato Beetle in Eggplant, 1983
Authors: Ghidiu Gerald M. , McClurg Elaine L.
Published: March 2022

‘Florida Market’ eggplant were transplanted to a Sassafras sandy loam field on 3 June. Single row plots were 15 ft long and 5 ft wide; a guard row buffered each treated row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Standard foliar sprays were applied with a self-propelled, high-clearance sprayer calibrated to deliver 83 gal/acre at 200 lb/in2 with one drop nozzle over the row and one on either side of the row. “Bozzle” sprays were applied with a hand-held electrodyne sprayer calibrated to deliver a constant flow rate of 0.06 ml/sec. Sprays were applied 24 June, 15 and 27 July, and 5 and 22 Aug. Colorado potato beetle counts were recorded 19 July and 24 Aug. Mature fruit were harvested on 25 July, 8 Aug., 6 Sept., and 7 Oct. All fruit were examined for percent damage or scarred fruit caused by Colorado potato beetle feeding. Plants were irrigated when moisture was below normal.
Corn Earworm and European Corn Borer Control, 1982
Authors: Sorensen K. A. , Johnson E. M.
Published: March 2022

Sweet banana peppers were transplanted 21 May near Benson, N. C. Treatment plots were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Plots consisted of single rows 10 ft long on 42-in centers. Foliar treatments were applied using a CO2 pressurized backpack sprayer with a single hollow cone nozzle delivering 100 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 Application dates were 30 June, 7, 14, 21, and 28 July, and 4, 11, and 18 Aug. Crown fruits were harvested 24 June. Subsequent harvests on 8 July and 23 Aug. were evaluated for European corn borer (ECB) and corn earworm (CEW) damage. ECB and CEW infestations did not occur until Aug. and were very light at this time. All treatments resulted in significantly less CEW but not ECB control when compared to the untreated check. No phytotoxicity was observed.
Sugarbeet Wireworm Control on Potatoes, 1983
Authors: Blackmer Jackie , Bishop Guy
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 5 May at the Malheur, Oregon experiment station in a silt loam soil. A Temik and Mocap mixture was sidedressed on 7 Jun. after most plants had emerged. Placement was about 4 in on each side and at about the level of seed pieces. Other insecticides were hand mixed into the soil covering the tubers at the time of planting. Plots were 30 ft by one row in a furrow irrigated field. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design. All tubers were weighed and examined for injuries.
Control of Potato Insects with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Bishop Guy , Blackmer Jackie , Baird Craig
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 21 Apr. at Parma, Idaho, in Greenleaf-Owyhee silt loam soil. Plots were 25 ft long and 2 rows wide with 5-ft buffers. Treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design. Chemicals were placed in the planting furrow. Counts were taken weekly during the period of significant insect activity. Beetle numbers were estimated by walking between the rows and recording larvae and adults that could be seen without moving foliage. Aphid numbers were based on a 25-compound leaf sample from each plot.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control Soil Insecticide Trial, 1983
Authors: Graustein Mark R. , Hochmuth Robert
Published: March 2022

Plots were established in a commercial potato field near Little Creek, De.on 2 May. Soil type was a sandy loam with a high moisture content due to persistent, heavy rains. Each plot consisted of 3 rows (0.9 m apart) 6 m long. The plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in which treatments were replicated four times. Only the middle row of each plot received treatment. The outside rows served as a reservoir for the CPB. The granular insecticides were applied using a single row Noble applicator. The seed furrows were opened with a commercial planter, the insecticides applied and the seed pieces placed in the furrow by hand. The furrows were then closed. The drag-off treatment was applied on 11 May by dispensing the insecticide as a 5-inch band over the hills immediately before drag-off. At the first cultivation on 6 Jun, the appropriate insecticides were applied as a sidedress in the cultivation furrow.
Foliar Insecticides for Control of Potato Pests, 1982
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted 20 May, at the Rosemount Agrie. Exp. St., Dakota Co., Minn. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 60 ft long, with 40-inch row spacing, randomized in complete blocks with three replications. Two untreated rows separated each plot. Bravo fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from 2 Jun. to the end of the season. Insecticides were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with three drop nozzles per row delivering ca 72 gal water/acre at ca 250 lb/in2 . Insecticides were applied 14 Jul., 28 Jul., 11 Aug., 25 Aug., and 8 Sep. Potato leafhopper nymphs and green peach aphid apterae were counted from 35 mid-plant leaves from the center two rows of each plot. Counts were made the day before and the day after spraying.
Foliar Insecticide Treatments for Control of Potato Pests, 1983
Authors: Johnston Richard L. , Radcliffe Edward B.
Published: March 2022

‘Russet Burbank’ potatoes were planted on 21 May at the Rosemount Agricultural Research Station, Rosemount, Minn. Plots were four rows, 50 ft long, spaced 40 inches apart in a complete randomized block with three replicatigons. The first two treatments were applied using a tractor-drawn boom sprayer with three drop nozzles per row delivering ca 60 gal water/acre at ca 150 lb/in2 Due to low insect numbers after the initial sprays, the third treatments were applied to previously untreated plants using a handheld CO2 powered sprayer delivering 38 gal water/acre at 30 lb/in2 . All treatments were applied the day before counting. Bravo fungicide was applied weekly per label recommendations from 5 Jul. through 14 Sep.
Green Peach Aphid Control with Soil Applied Systemic Insecticides, 1983
Authors: Sandvol Larry , Bishop Guy W.
Published: March 2022

Potatoes were planted 10 May, in 36 in rows in Declo silt loam soil. Treatments were applied to 4-row plots, 30 ft long randomized in complete blocks with four replications. The systemic insecticides were applied at planting in the seed row, or sidedressed at plant emergence. Green peach aphids were recorded from center two rows by counting total number of aphids on 20 compound leaves.
Colorado Potato Beetle Control, 1983
Authors: Voss R. H. , Ferro D. N.
Published: March 2022

‘Superior’ potatoes were planted on 19 May in Sunderland, Mass. Fertilizer (1,000 lb 10:10:10/acre) was broadcast and incorporated before planting. The soil type was a fine sandy loam with a pH of ca. 5.5. Dinoseb was applied at 2 lb (AI)/acre prior to plant emergence. Treatment plots were replicated in a randomized complete block design. Each plot consisted of 2-30 ft rows with a 3-ft fallow area between each plot. Treatments were applied with CO2 pressurized sprayers at around 40 lb/in2 with a delivery rate of ca 65 gal/acre. Spray applications were made on 29 Jun., 6, 19 and 26 Jul., and 2 Aug. R016-3964 10G (0.5 and 1.0) was applied in the furrow at planting.
Insect Control on Fresh Market Tomatoes in West-Central Florida, Spring 1983
Authors: Schuster David
Published: March 2022

Transplants were set 15 Mar., 18 in. apart on 2.5-ft-wide by 8-in.-high beds of Myakka fine sand covered with black polyethylene mulch. Plots consisted of 10 staked plants and were replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Treatments were applied 7, 14, 21, 28 April; 5, 12, 20, 26 May; and 2 and 9, June, with a 2.5-gal, handheld CO2 powered sprayer which was operated at 40 lb/in2 and delivered 70 to 100 gal/acre (gallonage increases as the plants grew). On 13 June, the numbers of large leafmines (ca. 0.5 inch or longer) were counted on the terminal 3 leaflets of the 4th fully expanded leaf from the tops of 10 branches per plot. The numbers of undamaged fruit and the numbers of fruit damaged by armyworm larvae (principally the southern armyworm and a climbing cutworm), tomato pinworm larvae or sucking pests (southern green stink bug, brown stink bug and leaffooted bug) were totalled over harvests taken on 6 and 16 jun. The percentages of damaged fruit were calculated and transformed arc sine (%)/(0.01) before analysis but data are presented in the original scale. After the last harvest, 5 plants were cut, inverted and shaken. Dislodged insects were identified and counted. The percentage of foliage affected by mites was rated 1 to 12 by the Horsfall-Barratt system. Analyses of variance were performed on all data and, if siginificant (P = 0.05). F values were obtained, means were separated by Duncan’s multiple range test.
Foliar Sprays to Control Overwintering Adults in Tomato, 1983
Authors: Sherrod D. W. , Francis J. A.
Published: March 2022

‘Campbell 1327’ tomatoes were transplanted in single row plots (5-ft centers) on 6 May. Each plot consisted of a single, 25-ft-long row bordered on each side by an untreated row. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a propane compressed air backpack sprayer using three hollow cone nozzles per row and delivering 30 gal water per acre at 40 lb/in2 . One spray application was made on 11 May when the plants were 6 to 8 inches high. Evaluation criteria consisted of counting the number of adult Colorado potato beetles (CPB)/10 plants on 12 May and counting the number transplants destroyed by CPB feeding per 15 plants on 16 and 24 May.
Winter Treatments for Control of Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil (Eaw), 1982-1983
Authors: Beevers M.H. , Jahns T.R.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at California State Univ. at Fresno, on a 2-year-old stand of alfalfa. Treatments were applied to 13 by 30 ft plots arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. Applications were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated at 23 gal/acre at 50 lb/in2. The first application date was 13 Nov. 1982 ana the second 27 Dec. 1982 when adults were present. Evaluations of numbers of EAW larvae were made on 11 Mar. 1983 with a standard 15-in. sweep net. Alfalfa was 10 to 13 in. tall at both applications.
Alfalfa, Late Season Grasshopper Control, Missouri, 1983
Authors: Brandenburg R.L. , Kirfman G.W.
Published: March 2022

The test was conducted near St. Joseph, Mo., on a pure stand of alfalfa ca. 5 in. tall. Sprays were applied on 17 Aug. to 60 by 60 ft plots with three replications. Grasshopper composition was 90% redlegged grasshoppers. Sprays were applied at 16.5 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2 using 8002 flat fan nozzles on a 20-ft spray boom. Evaluations were estimated by observing the number of grasshoppers that flew while taking 3 steps forward in each plot. Estimates were repeated 6 times per plot. Temperature at application was 92°F. Data were transformed by x + 0.5. Means in the table are of actual counts.
Alfalfa Weevil Larval Control in Oklahoma, 1983
Authors: Mussett Kevin , Berberet Richard
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on a field of ‘Arc’ alfalfa at the South Cent. Res. Stn., Chickasha, Okla. Treatments were applied 18 Apr. Plots were 4.5 by 9 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. All treatments were applied with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre. Population densities of alfalfa weevil larvae were determined 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment. For these population estimates, 25 stems per plot were pulled on each date and larvae were extracted with Berlese funnels. Total numbers per plot were divided by the number of stems sampled (25) to give populations in larvae per stem. Plant damage ratings were assigned to all plots when the test was terminated.
Aphid and Egyptian Alfalfa Weevil Larva Control, 1983
Authors: Tuttle D.M. , Mullis C.H.
Published: March 2022

Thirteen treatments were evaluated for the control of aphids and Egyptian alfalfa weevil. Approximately 90% of the aphid population during the experiment were blue alfalfa aphid, the others pea aphid. The average height of stems on 19 Feb. was 10 in. This alfalfa was on sandy silt soil at the Yuma Mesa Citrus Stn. Plots of 8 ft by 50 ft were replicated four times. The applications on 19 Feb. were made with a small-plot sprayer at a rate of 20 gal/acre and 40 lb/in2 (pressurized with CO2). The number of aphids per stem on 19 Feb. averaged 10.53. Counts 2, 4, 7, 10, and 14 days following treatments are given. The applications coincided with the peak of abundance for the Egyptian alfalfa weevil larvae present.
Thrips Control by Seed Treatment and Foliar Treatments, 1982
Authors: Conley Jim , Luttrell R. G.
Published: March 2022

A thrips control study was initiated at the Holly Springs Branch of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. Stn. on 6 May. Cotton was planted on this date in a split-split plot design with five replications. Whole plot treatments consisted of different varieties of cotton with either: (1) A seed coat treatment of Orthene 80S (8 oz per cwt), (2) an in-furrow application of Tremik 15G (0.975 (AI)/acre) or (3) no insecticide treatment at planting. Sub-plot treatments consisted of 1 foliar insecticide application on 25 May, or no foliar insecticide. The thrips population prior to foliar treatment was a predominantly adult population averaging 0.44 thrips per plant. Foliar treatments were applied through a CO2 back pack delivering 7.1 gal/acre through two TX-4 nozzles per row. Posttreatment counts were taken on 2 June. Few significant differences in the thrips population at this time were detected. Also on this date and on 21 June, 5 plants were removed from each sub-plot. Observations were taken by counting the number of nodes and true leaves, and measuring the root length, hypocotyl length, internode lengths and total plant length. Few significant differences in the thrips population at this time were detected. Significant differences were detected on 2 June in hypocotyl length, number of nodes and 1st internode length. Yield data were taken on 19 Oct. No significant differences were observed in yield.
Residual Toxicity of Insecticides on Boll Weevil, 1983
Authors: Coulon Dwayne , Lawrence Gary
Published: March 2022

Two caged boll weevil studies were initiated on 17 Oct. at Bueche, La. One-row plots (4 ft by 80 ft, separated by a single buffer row) were sprayed with CO2 backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 17.9 gal/acre at 40 lb/in2 through three TX-6 nozzles per row. Weather conditions throughout the entire study consisted of daytime partly cloudy skies and temperatures ranging from 19.5 (night) to 30°C (day). Adult boll weevils were supplied by the Gast Rearing Laboratory at Mississippi State University and the L.S.U. Dept. of Entomology (48 h posttreatment only). White muslin cages (22 by 34 in.) were placed over individual cotton plants and tied securely at the bases. Twenty weevils were then released in each cage (one cage per replicate) and their tops fastened. Each treatment was replicated three times. In the first study (designed to help determine possible effects of rainfall shortly after application), boll weevils were caged 1 h postapplication and exposed for 1-, 2-, 4-, 6-, and 8-h durations. At the end of each period, mortality counts were made and weevils from each cage were retained in 1 qt paper cans at 21°C. Additional mortality counts were made 24 h later. In the second study, weevils were placed in cages 2, 24, and 48 h postapplication and held on the treated plants for 48 h. In both studies, the death criterion used was failure of the weevils to right themselves and navigate when prodded with a hot point.
Insecticide Treatments for Bollworm and Cotton Flea Hopper Control, 1983
Authors: Edelson Jonathan V.
Published: March 2022

Cotton was planted 5 May on beds with 40-in. centers in plots three beds wide by 110 ft long. The experiment was designed and analyzed as a complete randomized block with three blocks and 10 treatments. Pesticides were applied with a self-propelled high clearance sprayer at 4 mph and a boom pressure of 30 lb/in2. Flat-fan nozzles ca. 12 in. above the plants were directed downward, spraying a broadcast pattern at a rate of 5.5 gaal per acre. Insecticides were applied on 6, and 27 July and 3 Aug. Three beat sheet samples (3 ft by 3 ft) were taken from one row per plot on 11 July and 1 and 8 Aug. Heliothis larval damage to squares was monitored on the same dates by examining 10 terminal squares per plot. Data for each variable were combined over the 3 dates and subjected to ANOV and means separation test (Bonferroni t tests).
Control of

Heliothis

Spp. Larvae on Cotton with Permethrin Applied at Various Droplet Sizes Through A Cda Applicator; 1983
Authors: Luttrell R. G. , Conley Jim , Wofford Tommy
Published: March 2022

A full season study was conducted at the Plant Sei. Res. Farm of the Miss. Agrie, and For. Exp. Stn., Mississippi State, to evaluate the efficacy of permethrin applied with different carriers (vegetable oil or water) through Micro-Max nozzles for control of Heliothis spp. in coton. Plots were planted to ‘Stoneville 213’ on 27 May. All treatments were replicated four times and arranged in a randomized complete block design. Each plot was four rows (3.66 m) by 17.06 m with two buffer rows between plots. Insecticides were applied through Micro-Max nozzles (one per row) mounted directly over the row. Permeethrin (Ambush) was used as the insecticide in all treatments. However, insecticide rate, Micro-Max orifice size, carrier and total volume per acre were treatment variables. Control treatments included standard application using 6.6 gpa volume of water through two TX-4 nozzles per row, both alone and with corresponding insecticide rates, and water and vegetable oil applied alone through the Micro-Max nozzles with corresponding orifices. Applications were made on 11, 15 and 18 Aug. Droplet characteristics and insect population data were not taken. Yield data were taken by mechanically harvesting the center two rows of each plot on 10 Nov. No yield differences between any of the treatments and controls were detected.
Tarnished Plant Bug Control, 1982
Authors: Maredia Karin M. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: March 2022

Plant bugs were exposed to insecticides by confining them with organdy sleeve cages (30 cm diam by 65 cm long) on foliar sprayed plants. The test was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Each plot was one row by 20 ft bordered by untreated rows. Preparatory to insecticide application, two plants per plot were selected at random and their terminals caged. The cages were tied off at bottom, rolled down and completely covered with heavy-duty aluminum foil so that spray would not wet cages. Laboratory reared plant bugs were placed in vials (10 per vial) and transported to field in an ice chest. Insecticides were applied with an AZ-CO2 sprayer calibrated to deliver 8.4 gal/acre. The aluminum foil then was removed from cages and cages extended upward to enclose plant terminal. Ten plant bugs were put in each of two cages per plot within 8 min after application. After 3 days, caged plants were cut and transported to the laboratory where cages were opened and the number of dead and living plant bugs determined.
Effect of Pesticides on a Nontarget Mite Species in Imperial Valley, California Cotton, 1982
Authors: Mollet J.A. , Savacherian V.
Published: March 2022

Pesticides applied for pink bollworm (Pectinophora gossypiella (Saunders)) and the Heliothis complex of zea (Boddie) and virescens (F.) were evaluated for their effects on a nontarget, secondary mite pest Tetranychus cinnabarinus. Cotton was planted 7 Apr. and divided into plots 130 ft by eight cotton rows, arranged in a randomized block design, with four replications of each treatment. Materials were applied with a Hi-Cycle 600 Sprayer at a pressure of 55-60 lb/in2 and a rate of 20 gal/acre. Five flat-fan nozzles per cotton row were used, with sprays occurring 22 and 28 July. Twenty-five mainstem node leaves (3rd to 5th below mainstem terminal) per plot were sampled and processed through a sodium hypochlorite wash system. All stages of T. cinnabarinus were counted.
Rice Water Weevil Control, 1982
Authors: Morgan D. R. , Slaymaker P. H. , Tugwell N. P.
Published: March 2022

Insecticides were evaluated in five experiments at the Rice Res. and Ext. Cent, in Stuttgart, Ariz. Rice was planted in Crowley silt loam: ‘Starbonnet’ on 11 May for tests I to IV and ‘Lebonnet’ on 8 June for test V. Each test was arranged in a randomized complete block design with four (Tests I and II) or three (Tests III to V) replications. All plots were sampled for root-feeding larvae by taking five soil cores (9 cm diam x 7 cm deep) from the drill rows of each plot; they were processed by washing through a #40 US Standard soil testing sieve and floating the larvae out in brine.
Evaluation of Insecticides to Control Greenbug (Biotype E) on Grain Sorghum, 1982
Authors: DePew L.J.
Published: March 2022

This field test was conducted in a dryland field of grain sorghum at the Kans. Br. Agric. Exp. Stn., Garden City, Kans. Ten insecticide treatments and an untreated check were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Plots were four rows by 9 m (76 cm row spacing) and were separated by two untreated rows and 1.5-m alleys. Sprays were applied over the row with a 9.46-liter compressed air backpack sprayer having a 45.72-cm boom with 3 no. 6X hollow cone nozzles (Spraying Systems). Portable air tanks with a pressure regulator valve supplied a constant sprayer tank pressure of 1.4 kg/cm2. The sprayer was calibrated to deliver approximately 145 liters/ha. Application was made 17 Aug. at which time plants were in the late boot stage. Temperature at the start of application was 20.6°C and wind velocity was recorded at 8 km/h. Control was assessed by counting live greenbugs on each of four randomly selected plants in each plot at 3 and 7 days posttreatment. Grain yield estimates were obtained from 9.9 row-m samples hand harvested from the center two rows of each plot. Yields were corrected to 12.5% moisture.
Greenbug (Biotype E) Control on Grain Sorghum, 1983
Authors: Kindler S. D. , Spomer S. M.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted at Neb. Agric. Exp. Stn. Field Lab., Mead, Nebr. in grain sorghum planted 2 June. Plots were three rows, 6.1 m long. Plots were separated by two untreated buffer rows to minimize spray drift between treatments. Treatments were replicated three times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied by a bicycle-wheeled plot sprayer at 2.109 kg/cm2 and 246.8 liters/ha through a boom fitted with one top nozzle and two drop nozzles per row. The liquids were propelled with pressurized CO2. Granular treatments were applied with a Gandy applicator mounted on a Lilliston cultivator in 17.8-cm bands directly over the plant row. Treatments were applied 26 July at which time plants were in the boot stage. Temperature at application time was 32.8°C and rainfall during the posttreatment sampling period was measurable on 29 July (0.635 cm) and 31 July (4.32 cm). The efficacy of each insecticide was evaluated by counting live greenbugs on each of 5 plants selected at random from the center row of each plot at 5 and 10 days posttreatment.
Effects of Insecticides on Beneficial Arthropods in Small Plots, 1983
Authors: Andrews Gordon L.
Published: March 2022

This test was conducted on the White Sands Exp. Farm of the South Miss. Br. St. of the Miss. Agric. and For. Exp. St. The plots were eight, 40 in. rows wide and 100 ft long (ca. 0.06 acres). Plots were arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Applications were applied on 24 Aug. with a John Deere Hi-boy using CO2 as a propellent at a rate of 5 gal total volume per acre. Plots were sampled with 25 sweeps of a 15 in. sweep net. Insects in the net were transferred to paper bags and killed. Insects were sorted and counted under laboratory conditions.
Chemical Control of the Green Cloverworm, 1983
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Essex variety soybean was planted 10 Jun. at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, Tenn. Plots were four rows (38-in. spacing) wide by 40 ft long. Treatments were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design. Three pretreatment samples of 25 sweeps each were taken with a 15 in. sweepnet from each block. Insecticides were applied 31 Aug. with a four-row boom at the rate of 9 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 40 lb/in2, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 600 high clearance sprayer. Single 20 sweep samples were taken from one of the two center rows in each plot on 2 Sep. Posttreatment counts were transformed x + 1. Data presented are pretransformed means.
Soybean Insect Control with Foliar Applications, 1982
Authors: Lentz Gary L.
Published: March 2022

Forrest variety soybean was planted 18 June at the West Tenn. Exp. Stn., Jackson, Tenn. Four-row plots 40 ft long were replicated four times in a randomized complete block design, pretreatment samples (two-25 sweep samples per replicate) were taken 27 Aug. Insecticides were applied immediately with a four-row boom at the rate of 9.1 gal of spray per acre (3 mph, 3 Delavan HB 4 70° nozzles per row) with a CO2-pressurized system mounted on an IH 660 high clearance sprayer. Posttreatment samples (25 sweeps per plot) were taken 31 Aug. The two center rows of each plot were machine harvested 9 Nov.
Soybean Insect Pest Control with Foliar-Applied Insecticides, 1983
Authors: McPherson R. M. , Ferguson H. J. , Hynson T. P.
Published: March 2022

Eight insecticide treatments were evaluated to determine their effects on green cloverworm, bean leaf beetle, corn earworm, and spiders. Insecticides were foliar-applied on 1 Sep. on ‘Essex’ soybean grown on the Joe Hicks farm in Richmond county, Va. Individual plots were six rows 80 ft long and spaced 3 ft apart. A randomized block experimental design with three reps was utilized. Each spray concentrate was applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer at 32 lb/in2 that delivered 30 gal of finished formulation per acre. Individual treatments were evaluated 1, 7, 14, and 21 days after application by comparing the number of pests and spiders per 25 sweeps in the treated plots to those in the untreated plots.
Scots Pine, Pine Needle Scale Control, Carroll Co., Oh, 1982
Authors: Nielsen D. G. , Dunlap M. J.
Published: March 2022

Efficacy of insecticides against spring generation crawlers of a pine needle scale was evaluated on heavily infested 2-m Scots pine growing in a Christmans tree plantation. Foliar sprays were applied with a KWH backpack mistblower operating at high rpm and delivering 900 ml of finished spray per minute. Each treatment was applied to four, single-tree replicates that received 900 ml each on 14 May under sunny skies at 26°C with a breeze of 6 to 10 kph. One week posttreatment, five infested needle fascicles were removed from each tree, and percent mortality was assessed with the aid of a binocular dissecting scope. Viability of the first 100 settled nymphs observed on at least three fascicles was recorded.