bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intelligent Deep Learning and Softmax Routing for Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks in Public Space Design
Authors: Chang Mengmeng
Published: November 2023

The increasing usage of several nodes to transfer the massive volume of data to the remotes in wireless sensor networks is a challenging task to reduce the loss. The high volumes of data transmission in wireless sensor networks (WSN) can surpass their capacity, resulting in congestion, latency issues, and packet loss. However, computational intelligence (CI) models can aid in managing and creating intelligent networks in WSN. The WSN congestion issues result in information loss and increased energy usage. CI-based models have been used to resolve this issue, reducing the latency. This paper proposes SoftMax Routing with Deep Neural Network (SRDNN) for efficient routing in WSN. This will route the data packets by choosing the high energy and lower load. It consists of two parts, such as the construction of the routing path, which determines the residual energy of the node. It is analyzed using SoftMax routing to decide whether the node is efficient in energy. The route request and reply established various paths between the source and destination. The path with minimum buffer space and maximum bandwidth is chosen in the optimal routing. The simulation results under the metrics such as energy consumption, data loss rate, throughput, and delay show the proposed model performance.
Sentiment Analysis of Online Product Review using Deep Learning in Distributed Sensor Networks
Authors: Yao Jun
Published: November 2023

Recently, sentiment analysis has been a major business practice for an organization that helps analyze online reviews of different products. An organization can understand the customer's perception of their organizational products by analyzing reviews. On the other hand, this analysis process also helps to understand the customer's emotions about the organizational products. In this process, deep learning and distributed sensor networks play crucial roles in analyzing emotions. Five different steps of this analysis will provide accurate information about the customers' emotions on products. This analysis will help increase the product's value by understanding the customer's perception of where negative feedback improves the products. Through the help of this analysis, an organization will get several benefits that enrich its organizational image. On the other hand, this analysis process will face polarity issues, tone issues, comparative sentence analysis issues, and understanding idioms and emojis issues. The implementation of live API and proper sentiment analysis tools help to increase the effectiveness of this analysis.
Multimodal Analysis of Image Texts in College English Textbooks using Visual Grammar Theory for Real-time Embeded Systems
Authors: Li Dexia
Published: November 2023

The existence of images in the English textbook can bring several benefits to colleges.~ Research has been done on multimodality to analyze the impact of the image text within English textbooks. This study uses visual grammar to identify image and text elements within textbooks. The multimodal framework is involved in Van Leeuwen's Grammar Visual Design, which has been used in this study to identify multimodal elements that can appear in the English textbook. Image or visual elements can provide pedagogical advantages to college students to understand the text.
Hate Speech Detection in Low-Resource Bodo and Assamese Texts with ML-DL and BERT Models
Authors: Ghosh Koyel , Senapati Apurbalal , Narzary Mwnthai , Brahma Maharaj
Published: November 2023

Hate speech detection research is a recent sizzling topic in natural language processing (NLP). Unburdened uses of social media platforms make people over-opinionative, which crosses the limit of leaving comments and posts toxic. A toxic outlook increases violence towards the neighbour, state, country, and continent. Several laws have been introduced in different countries to end the emergency problem. Now, all the media platforms have started working on restricting hate posts or comments. Hate speech detection is generally a text classification problem if considered a supervised observation. To tackle text in terms of computation perspective is challenging because of its semantic and complex grammatical nature. Resource-rich languages leverage their richness, whereas resource scarce language suffers significantly from a lack of dataset. This paper makes a multifaceted contribution encompassing resource generation, experimentation with Machine Learning (ML), Deep Learning (DL) and state-of-the-art transformer-based models, and a comprehensive evaluation of model performance, including thorough error analysis. In the realm of resource generation, it adds to the North-East Indian Hate Speech tagged dataset (NEIHS version 1), which encompasses two languages: Assamese and Bodo.
A Study of Mental Training and Skill Enhancement in Physical Education Teaching Combined with Deep Learning Algorithms
Authors: Hu Shengfei , Gao Ziyao
Published: November 2023

The study sheds light on teaching physical education, which aids in improving students overall physical and mental well-being. Individuals benefit from physical education instruction through developing their talents and minds. Teaching physical education is crucial since a person's whole well-being mostly depends on their physical and mental health. Deep learning algorithms are used in physical education training to improve quality and help students become more mentally and skillfully fit. The deep learning method is a machine learning component that aids the healthcare and e-commerce sectors by comprehending how the human brain functions. Comprehending the physical education teaching process and how it can be enhanced also aids individuals. This study contributes to our understanding of the value of physical education instruction and how it affects a person's physical and mental health.
DIAGNOSTICS, MANAGEMENT AND MODELING OF BUSINESS PROCESSES IN THE ENTERPRISE
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Fedorova Lidiya , Fedorov Sergey ,   Ryazan Design and Technology Institute
Published: November 2023

В настоящей монографии мы рассмотрели общие характеристики бизнес-процессов; изучили особенности их идентификации, аудита, диагностики и описания; провели анализ современных подходов к реализации процессного управления; представили основные этапы совершенствования бизнес-процессов, с применением инструментов организационного дизайна; разработали предложения по нормированию и управлению численностью участников процесса; рассмотрели нотации графического моделирования бизнес-процессов, выявили их достоинства и ограничения; предложили инструментарий по распределению ответственности по этапам реализации бизнес-процессов и организационной структуре; а также разработали ряд предложений и рекомендаций по регламентации и оценке реализации процессного управления.
Clinical Digest
Authors: Batas Renata
Published: November 2023

A brief overview of recently published articles on wound, ostomy and continence care
Pre-Operative Management and Its Influence on Maladaptive Behavioural Disorders in Children
Authors: Petríková Z. Adamcová , Kenderessy P. Kenderessy , Petrík O. Petrík , Adamec T. Adamec
Published: November 2023

Anaesthetics and their influence on children’s brains have become one of the most discussed problems in paediatric anaesthesiology. The experimental studies on animal models have shown that the anaesthetics used in general anaesthesia should have an influence on neurodegenerative processes, neuroapoptosis and the unregulated death of the neuronal cells in the developing brain. Due to this reality, scientists are trying to discover how to minimize the adverse effects of anaesthesia and revise other alternatives of prevention anaesthesia-induced maladaptive behavioural disorders, especially in children.

The paper will present the procedures of preoperative management at a children’s faculty hospital in Banská Bystrica, Slovakia, our working place, and reveal how to minimize the adverse effects of anesthesia presenting in maladaptive behavioural disorders.
EARLY-STAGE SELF-ASSEMBLING PEPTIDE HYDROGEL-BASED INTERVENTION FOR ARTICULAR PATELLA CARTILAGE REPAIR
Authors: Warren James , Cowie Raelene , Jennings Louise , Wilcox Ruth , Fermor Hazel
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to develop an in vitro GAG-depleted patella model and assess the biomechanical effects following treatment with a SAP:CS self-assembling hydrogel.

Methods

Porcine patellae (4–6 month old) were harvested and subject to 0.1% (w/v) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) washes to remove GAGs from the cartilage. Patellae were GAG depleted and then treated by injection with SAP (∼ 6 mM) and CS (10 mg) in Ringer's solution through a 30G needle. Native, GAG depleted and SAP:CS treated patellae were tested through static indentation testing, using 15g load, 5mm indenter over 1hr period. The degree of deformation of each group was assessed and compared (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05). Native, GAG depleted, sham (saline only) and SAP:CS treated paired patellae and femurs were additionally characterized tribologically through sequential wear testing when undergoing a walking gait profile (n=6 per group). The cartilage surfaces were assessed and compared (Mann-Whitney, p<0.05) using the ICRS scoring system, surface damage was illustrated through the application of Indian ink.

Results

Static indentation tests indicated significant increase in indentation deformation of GAG depleted group compared to native group (n=6, p<0.01) and significant reduction in deformation of SAP:CS treated group compared to GAG depleted group (n=6, p<0.05). Sequential wear tests indicated a significant increase in the cartilage damage on the both surfaces of the patellofemoral joint in the GAG depleted group, compared to the native group (n=6, p<0.001), Following SAP:CS treatment, significant protection from damage was observed on femoral surface (n=6, p<0.005), with some non-significant reduction in damage on the patella surface. Sham injections showed no significant increase in damage compared to the native and treated samples.

Conclusions

The ∼50% reduction of GAGs represented a moderate osteoarthritic patella cartilage model. This same loss transferred to the dynamic wear tests with significant changes in the damage on the femoral counter face associated with the GAG loss. SAP:CS treatment showed promise in restoring cartilage stiffness to treat Chondromalacia patella in static indentation tests. Sequential wear tests showed that the SAP:CS treatment protects the cartilage layer of both surfaces in the patellofemoral joint from damage in an extreme degeneration model. The sham injections showed that injecting cartilage with a 30G and saline does not cause any significant damage to the cartilage layer.

Declaration of Interest

(a) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest
ASSESSMENT OF HEMIARTHROPLASTY IN AN ANATOMICAL HIP SIMULATOR
Authors: Diaz Roberto Leonardo , Williams Sophie , Jimenez-Cruz David , Board Timothy
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND

Hemi-arthroplasty (HA) as a treatment for fractured neck of femur has slightly increased since 2019 and remarkably after the COVID pandemic. The main drawback of the treatment is ongoing cartilage deterioration that may require revision to THR.

OBJECTIVE

This study assessed cartilage surface damage in hip HA by reproducing anatomical motion and loading conditions in a hip simulator.

METHODS

Experimental design. HA tests were conducted using porcine acetabula and CoCr femoral heads. Five groups (n=4) were included: a control group comprising natural tissue and four HA groups where the acetabula were paired with metal heads to allow radial clearance (RC) classed as small (RC<0.6mm), large (2mm<RC<4mm), extra-large (4mm<RC), and oversized (RC<−0.6mm). Tests were carried out in an anatomical hip simulator that reproduced a simplified twin peak gait cycle, adapted for porcine hip joints, from the ISO 14242 standard for wear of THR prostheses (peak load of 900N). The test length was 6 hours, with photogrammetry taken at 1-hour intervals. Ringers solution was used as a lubricant.

RESULTS

No changes were observed in the control group. However, cartilage surface changes were observed in all hemi-arthroplasty groups. Discolouration on the cartilage surface was noticeable at the posterior-superior part of the acetabulum after 1-hour (extra-large and oversized groups). Damage severity and location were characteristic of each clearance group. Of all the groups, the oversized group showed more significant damage. No labrum separation was seen after the simulation.

CONCLUSIONS

These results are relevant to understand the effect of femoral head clearance on cartilage damage risk after HA.

Declaration of Interest

(a) fully declare any financial or other potential conflict of interest
Supplemental information for "Effectiveness of Nutrient Management for Reducing Phosphorus Losses From Agricultural Areas"
Authors: Kamrath Kamrath , Yuan Yongping
Published: November 2023

The supplemental materials include more detailed information on literature search, studies included in this research, regional phosphorus rate recommendations, cost benefit analysis, and results from statistical analysis.
Efficacy of counter-terrorism cooperation
Authors: Owojori Abimbola Joseph , Akinyemi Omolara V. , Azman Muhammad Danial
Published: November 2023

Nigeria has struggled to combat terrorism for over a decade despite its domestic strategies and multilateral cooperation with its contiguous neighbors and bilateral assistance from several superpowers, especially the United States. This has resulted in the death of many innocent people and the displacement of others. There is no doubt that alliance formation is considered a needed panacea for thwarting terrorism. Despite the cooperation between Nigeria and the United States, the growth of terrorism in Nigeria has not been reversed. However, the task of finding the answer to why Nigeria–US counter-terrorism cooperation has not achieved the desired objective in Nigeria remains an imperative for this article to grapple with. Thus, the study concludes that for Nigeria–US counter-terrorism cooperation to be efficacious, both countries need to deepen their bilateral engagements devoid of politicization of assistance and vested interests.
Profit-driven policy and human insecurity
Authors: Fereday Hannah
Published: November 2023

This article provides a holistic account of the deep-rooted structural harms permeating contemporary society, offering theoretical and philosophical analysis of how such harm occurs, and how it is supported and sustained. Context is supplied so as to assess the ways in which profit and power are a primary focality of contemporary societal structures, at the expense of human security. By providing contextual analysis, it assesses the current political, economic, and societal climate and how human insecurity is a by-product of such. Critically considering how profit-driven policies exist within this setting, it offers a critical consideration of how power dynamics create a disparity between social, state and corporate actors and their subjective (il)legal proceedings. The article retains the question of whether true human security is an attainable reality.
Putting names to numbers
Authors: Ward Emily
Published: November 2023

This research aims to help create a systematic casualty recording database for the civilian casualties of the Russian aggression within Ukraine. It looks at the definitions surrounding casualty recording and human security to help create a baseline for the project. It examines the Register of the Holodomor Victims, the Bosnian Book of the Dead, the Kosovo Memorial Book, and the casualty recording of Iraq Body Count and the Bouderbala Commission, in terms of their recording systems and public databases. The live project is also informed by the work of Action on Armed Violence (AOAV), the United Nations, Children of War, and the Memorial Platform.
Listener beliefs and perceptual learning: Differences between device and human guises
Authors: Zellou Georgia , Cohn Michelle , Pycha Anne
Published: November 2023

Listeners have a remarkable ability to adapt to novel speech patterns, such as a new accent or an idiosyncratic pronunciation. In almost all of the previous studies examining this phenomenon, the participating listeners had reason to believe that the speech signal was produced by a human being. However, people are increasingly interacting with voice-activated artificially intelligent (voice-AI) devices that produce speech using text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis. Will listeners also adapt to novel speech input when they believe it is produced by a device? Across three experiments, we investigate this question by exposing American English listeners to shifted pronunciations accompanied by either a ‘human’ or a ‘device’ guise and testing how this exposure affects their subsequent categorization of vowels. Our results show that listeners exhibit perceptual learning even when they believe the speaker is a device. Furthermore, listeners generalize these adjustments to new talkers, and do so particularly strongly when they believe that both old and new talkers are devices. These results have implications for models of speech perception, theories of human-computer interaction, and the interface between social cognition and linguistic theory
Expanding the adiabatic design toolbox – more modes, parameters and versatility
Authors: Tambasco Jean-Luc , Siriani Dominic F.
Published: November 2023

Adiabatic design principles can be used to improve the performance of many photonic components. The recently published adiabatic optimization method, MODALL, relies on a design rule that guarantees adiabaticity and enables optimization of adiabatic photonic components against multiple dimensions and radiation modes. In this work, MODALL is extended to enable optimization of multi-mode components, optimization against an extra degree of freedom and optimization of modal crosstalk. We present a derivation of these extensions starting from MODALL theory and verify them via the design, fabrication and characterization of a mode multiplexer with ultra-low crosstalk: worst-case <−38 dB and median <−45 dB. These design extensions will aid the adiabatic design optimization of many photonic components including splitters, polarization rotators, interlayer transitions and edge couplers.
Ultraviolet pulse compression via cross-phase modulation in a hollow-core fibre
Authors: Rossi Giulio Maria , Jiang Yujiao , Messerschmidt John , Scheiba Fabian , Tyulnev Igor , Wang Lu , Wei Zhiyi
Published: November 2023

Cross-phase modulation induced by an intense near-IR pulse propagating in gas-filled hollow-core fibre is used to spectrally broaden and temporally compress a co-propagating high-energy ultraviolet (UV) pulse, spanning the 260-320 nm region. The central wavelength, bandwidth and sign of the chirp of the output UV pulse can be controlled by tuning the initial delay among the two pulses, allowing us to demonstrate UV pulses with >10 μJ of energy that self-compress down to 6 fs after some propagation in air. This technique opens a way towards the realisation of few-fs ultraviolet pulses with tunable spectrum and high energy.
Digital transformation of an academic hospital department: A case study on strategic planning using the balanced scorecard
Authors: Hügle Thomas , Grek Vincent
Published: November 2023

Digital transformation has a significant impact on efficiency and quality in hospitals. New solutions can support the management of data overload and the shortage of qualified staff. However, the timely and effective integration of these new digital tools in the healthcare setting poses challenges and requires guidance. The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a managerial method used to translate new strategies into action and measure their impact in an institution, going beyond financial values. This framework enables quicker operational adjustments and enhances awareness of real-time performance from multiple perspectives, including customers, internal procedures, and the learning organization. The aim of this study was to adapt the BSC to the evolving digital healthcare environment, encompassing factors like the recent pandemic, new technologies such as artificial intelligence, legislation, and user preferences. A strategic mapping with identification of corresponding key performance indicators was performed. To achieve this, we employed a qualitative research approach involving retreats, interdisciplinary working groups, and semi-structured interviews with different stakeholders (administrative, clinical, computer scientists) in a rheumatology department. These inputs served as the basis for customizing the BSC according to upcoming or already implemented solutions and to define actionable, cross-level performance indicators for all perspectives. Our defined values include quality of care, patient empowerment, employee satisfaction, sustainability and innovation. We also identified substantial changes in our internal processes, with the electronic medical record (EMR) emerging as a central element for vertical and horizontal digitalization. This includes integrating patient-reported outcomes, disease-specific digital biomarker, prediction algorithms to increase the quality of care as well as advanced language models in order save resources. Gaps in communication and collaboration between medical departments have been identified as a main target for new digital solutions, especially in patients with more than one disorder. From a learning institution’s perspective, digital literacy among patients and healthcare professionals emerges as a crucial lever for successful implementation of internal processes. In conclusion, the BSC is a helpful tool for guiding digitalization in hospitals as a horizontally and vertically connected process that affects all stakeholders. Future studies should include empirical analyses and explore correlations between variables and above all input and user experience from patients.
Inverted U-shaped association between bacillary dysentery and temperature: A new finding using a novel two-stage strategy in multi-region studies
Authors: Wang Wei , Wang Yunqiong , Chen Lin , Zhou Bo , Liao Fang
Published: November 2023

Background

Bacillary dysentery (BD) has brought a significant public health concern in China. Temperature is one of the main factors affecting BD incidence. Due to the largely different temperature ranges between regions, the classic multi-region time series studies could only explore the relative temperature-BD association and showed that BD incidence is positively associated with relative temperature (i.e., temperature percentile), which does not conform to the laboratory knowledge that both high and low temperature interfere with the survival of bacteria. The association on relative temperature scale also limits the intuition of epidemiological meanings.

Methods

A novel two-stage strategy was proposed to investigate the association between monthly temperature and BD incidence on the original temperature scale in 31 provinces, China. In the first stage, truncated polynomial splines, as the substitute of the common natural splines or B-splines in generalized additive models, were used to characterize the temperature-BD association on the original temperature scale in each province. In the second stage, a multivariate meta-analysis compatible with missing values was used to pool the associations. The classic strategy based on relative temperature was used as a reference.

Results

The average temperature-BD association presented a U-inverted shape, but not a monotonically increasing shape obtained using the classic strategy. This inverted U-shaped association conforms more to the laboratory knowledge and the original-scale association also provided an intuitive perspective and an easily explanatory result. Another advantage is that the novel strategy can extrapolate the province-specific association outside the observed temperature ranges by utilizing information from other provinces, which is meaningful considering the frequent incidences of extreme temperatures.

Conclusions

The association between temperature and BD incidence presented a U-inverted shape. The proposed strategy can efficiently characterize the association between exposure and outcome on original scale in a multi-region study with largely different exposure ranges.
Online reviews, customer Q&As, and product sales: A PVAR approach
Authors: Feng Miao , Feng Yituo , Li Yang
Published: November 2023

Online reviews and customer Q&As have emerged as two vital forms of electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) that significantly influence consumer decisions in e-commerce. Yet, a comprehensive understanding of the individual and combined roles of these eWOM types in shaping market dynamics remains elusive. This study addresses this research gap by tracking and analyzing three months of eWOM and sales data for 120 laptops on Amazon, comprising 7,205 online reviews, 6,365 customer Q&A questions, and 7,419 answers. Leveraging the Panel Vector Autoregression (PVAR) model and STATA16.0 software, we unravel the intricate dynamics between online reviews, customer Q&As, and laptop sales. The empirical results reveal distinctive influence mechanisms of online reviews and customer Q&As on product sales, with review volume and answer valence positively affecting sales. Importantly, answer volume was found to stimulate online reviews and enhance their valence. Our study elucidates the interplay among online reviews, customer Q&As, and product sales, underscoring the need for future research on multi-type eWOM. Further, the insights gleaned offer valuable guidance for online platforms and retailers to strategize their eWOM management.
What do other people think he deserves? Social influence on utilization of mitigating information regarding a violent offender’s unfortunate life history
Authors: Gill Michael J. , Zungu Sinenhlanhla P.
Published: November 2023

The blameworthiness of an offender is often discussed in groups. Yet, the research literature overwhelmingly examines individuals assessing blameworthiness in isolation. To address this gap in the literature, the present study examines group deliberations about blameworthiness, with a particular focus on how group deliberations impact utilization of mitigating information about an offender’s unfortunate life history. Participants from introductory psychology courses at a U.S. university were placed in groups of two or three and each group also included a confederate who followed a script. Groups were randomly assigned to one of four conditions. In one condition (deed only), groups learned only about the offender’s heinous crimes. In the three remaining conditions, participants also received a historicist narrative regarding how the offender’s unfortunate history deformed his moral character. These conditions differed in terms of the confederate’s arguments: Neutral arguments, arguments to ignore the narrative, or arguments to give great weight to the narrative. Results showed that the historicist narrative was particularly effective at reducing outrage and increasing compassion when the confederate argued for its utilization. The reduction in outrage mediated a reduction in spiteful punitiveness toward the offender. Interestingly, the confederate who urged fellow deliberators to ignore the historicist narrative had no impact on outrage or compassion. We also examined mediation of the impact of historicist narratives on outrage and compassion. We found that when the confederate remained neutral the impact of historicist narratives on outrage and compassion was mediated via diminished perceptions of the offender’s control of self-formation. This mirrors what is typically found in prior work focused on individual judgments. In contrast, when the confederate argued that great weight should be given to the narrative, reductions in outrage were mediated via diminished perceptions of offender freedom of action. This pattern of mediation is not typically found but has been found in one previous study where participants received social encouragement to mitigate blame. Results are discussed in terms of how social influence might alter the inferences draw from historicist narratives. Suggestions for future research on social influence in the context of blame are presented.
An ecological study of the spatiotemporal dynamics and drivers of domestically acquired campylobacteriosis in Ireland, 2011–2018
Authors: Boudou Martin , ÓhAiseadha Coilín , Garvey Patricia , O’Dwyer Jean , Hynds Paul
Published: November 2023

In 2021, Campylobacteriosis was the main gastrointestinal disease in the European Union since 2007 according to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. In the Republic of Ireland, the incidence of the disease is particularly high with approximately 3,000 cases per annum, raising significant concerns for national health authorities with an expected increase in the number of cases in the light of climate change. The current study sought to assess the spatio-temporal patterns of campylobacteriosis in the Republic of Ireland using 20,391 cases from January 2011 to December 2018. An ensemble of spatial statistics techniques including seasonal decomposition, spatial clustering and space-time scanning, were used to elucidate the main individual and spatio-temporal characteristics of the disease in the country. Findings revealed that cases from the paediatric age group (i.e., under 5 years old) were more likely to occur in rural areas (aOR: 1.1.27, CI 95% 1.14–1.41) while cases from the intermediate age group (i.e., >5 & <65 years old) were associated with urban living (aOR: 1.30, CI 95% 1.21–1.4). The disease exhibited a peak during Irish summer, with a stronger seasonal signal reported in counties located on the Western part of the country. Infection hotspots were more likely to occur in urban areas, and more particularly on the Southern part of the island and around the main metropolitan areas. Overall, research findings pointed out the influence of local and spatio-temporally specific socio-demographic and environmental risk factors (i.e., cooking habits, local weather, dietary types) therefore highlighting the need for initiating spatio-temporally targeted health management and surveillance strategies.
Two mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease accumulate amyloid at different rates and have distinct Aβ oligomer profiles unaltered by ablation of cellular prion protein
Authors: Purro Silvia A. , Farmer Michael , Noble Elizabeth , Sarell Claire J. , Powell Megan , Yip Daniel , Giggins Lauren , Zakka Leila , Thomas David X. , Farrow Mark , Nicoll Andrew J. , Walsh Dominic , Collinge John
Published: November 2023

Oligomers formed from monomers of the amyloid β-protein (Aβ) are thought to be central to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Unsurprisingly for a complex disease, current mouse models of AD fail to fully mimic the clinical disease in humans. Moreover, results obtained in a given mouse model are not always reproduced in a different model. Cellular prion protein (PrPC) is now an established receptor for Aβ oligomers. However, studies of the Aβ-PrPC interaction in different mouse models have yielded contradictory results. Here we performed a longitudinal study assessing a range of biochemical and histological features in the commonly used J20 and APP-PS1 mouse models. Our analysis demonstrated that PrPC ablation had no effect on amyloid accumulation or oligomer production. However, we found that APP-PS1 mice had higher levels of oligomers, that these could bind to recombinant PrPC, and were recognised by the OC antibody which distinguishes parallel, in register fibrils. On the other hand, J20 mice had a lower level of Aβ oligomers, which did not interact with PrPC when tested in vitro and were OC-negative. These results suggest the two mouse models produce diverse Aβ assemblies that could interact with different targets, highlighting the necessity to characterise the conformation of the Aβ oligomers concomitantly with the toxic cascade elicited by them. Our results provide an explanation for the apparent contradictory results found in APP-PS1 mice and the J20 mouse line in regards to Aβ toxicity mediated by PrPC.
Arctic fashion
Authors: Melchior Marie Riegels , Mackinney Maria
Published: November 2023

The Arctic region is facing cultural, environmental and political transformation. These transformations raise urgent issues of independence, identity and climate crisis. Fashion provides a unique entry point to further understand the complexity of living in the remote regions of the Arctic, while being globally connected in a digital era. Reconciling with history, adapting to modernity, decolonization and governances present key themes, some of which will be addressed in this Special Issue. Fashion is understood here as a cultural, material and economic phenomenon in the form of dress and body adornment. More than ever, fashion is distributed and consumed on a global scale across even remote regions and extreme climates. This Special Issue brings together scholars from the region to share their research on fashion in the Arctic. The aim is to invite further studies of the practice and interpretation of fashion that reflect the immense diversity of the regions in terms of historical, cultural, ethnic and geographical realities and narratives.
Chic in knit: Youth, yarn and the comeback of the Faroese sweater
Authors: Gaini Firouz
Published: November 2023

This article explores the recent revitalization of Faroese knitwear production and fashion in what I have called the ‘woollen turn’ in the Faroe Islands. I examine and analyse the reinvention of the Faroese knitting styles and cultural identities through the lens of an anthropologist reflecting on the role of the multifaceted globalization process in present-day craftsmanship and entrepreneurship in the context of a North Atlantic archipelago. The revival of the patterned sweater is a story about slow fashion, local knowledge and the search for new Faroese expressions inspired by the world beyond the ocean. The patterned sweater, locally embedded yet also immersed in global flows of fashion, has the potential of endless variation as handmade woollen garment. The sweater is not just a sweater anymore. It has a story of value chains and of local–global connections in the Arctic region, but it is also an environmental footprint and a point of identification. This article draws on material from TV documentaries, newspapers, fashion magazines and websites, as well as semi-structured interviews with fashion designers and knitting-connoisseurs in the Faroe Islands.
Making Voices Visible in Early Childhood Music: Australian perspectives from the 2022 ECME pre-conference virtual seminar
Authors: Holland Jill , Niland Amanda
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this article is to share information about the virtual pre-conference seminar of the Early Childhood Music Education (ECME) Commission of The International Society for Music Education (ISME). The seminar included an Australian focus, as if not for the COVID-19 pandemic, the ECME seminar and the ISME world conference would have been held in Australia. The article presents key moments from the seminar, including the welcome, keynote and the range of presentations from many countries. The ECME commissioners worked tirelessly to make this event happen, dealing creatively and effectively with widely differing time zones and technical challenges.
Publishing in the International Journal of Music in Early Childhood: Key processes and considerations
Authors: Dansereau Diana R. , Andang’o Elizabeth A. , Nijs Luc
Published: November 2023

Research shows that several factors often impede potential authors from engaging in the publishing process. These include negative emotions stemming from unpleasant reviewer feedback and/or a lack of specific knowledge regarding the various stages of writing and publishing. In this article, based on a session we presented at the 2022 ISME Early Childhood Commission Seminar, we aim to counter such negative emotional responses by providing writing and publishing information for readers who seek to disseminate their work through International Journal of Music in Early Childhood (IJMEC). We draw upon Kwan’s Research Publishing Competence Framework, which consists of five domains related to comprehensively supporting authors: conceiving and designing publishable projects, output planning and management, manuscript writing, thesis–publication conversion and handling reviews.
Academia das Ciências de Lisboa
Authors: Gomes Soares Joana , Merêncio Maria Beatriz
Published: November 2023

O Fundo da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa (ACL) reflete a estrutura orgânica e o contexto de produção informacional da instituição desde a sua fundação, em 1779, constituindo-se como fonte de excelência para o seu conhecimento e estudo da sua importância cultural. A documentação nele conservada reflete, portanto, a atividade de divulgação e educação científico-cultural desenvolvida nos últimos séculos em Portugal e na Europa pela ACL, enquanto espaço de difusão e adiantamento do conhecimento.

Neste sentido, o presente trabalho apresenta as várias etapas do projeto de organização e tratamento arquivístico do Fundo da ACL (1779-1978), tendo por base dois eixos, entre os quais se estabelece uma correlação intrínseca: o estudo da história institucional, fundamental para a compreensão das sinergias geradas entre produtores de informação e a própria documentação, em paralelo com o seu contexto de criação e propósito fundacional; e a prática de classificação numa perspetiva orgânico-funcional, de modo a sistematizar hierarquicamente as secções e séries documentais, respeitando a estrutura interna da Academia.

Principiando com uma revisão da literatura produzida em torno da classificação orgânico-funcional, revisitar-se-á a breve trecho as práticas de arquivamento contemporâneas de centros de promoção de ciência, para, de seguida, contextualizar historicamente a fundação da Academia das Ciências de Lisboa, e respetiva evolução estatutária. Após uma aproximação das práticas de arquivamento pretéritas conduzidas na instituição, avançar-se-á para a análise orgânico-funcional e respetiva fundamentação normativa que suportam a proposta de classificação.
A numerical method for MHD Stokes model with applications in blood flow
Authors: Pandey Chitranjan , Kumar B. V. Rathish
Published: November 2023

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Stokes equations have several applications in the field of biofluid dynamics. In the present study, we propose the staggered finite volume method (S-FVM) for MHD Stokes equations and establish its equivalence to a nonconforming finite element approximation. We also theoretically establish the convergence of the proposed S-FVM. The error estimation is carried out in an unstructured grid framework which is known for its flexibility and robustness in dealing with complex domains. The apriori estimate shows that the

L

2

{L}_{2}

-norm of the error for the pressure and velocity components is of order

h

h

, the spacial grid size. After validating the numerical performance of the scheme against benchmark test cases, we do numerical simulations for the blood flow through an injured arteriole and analyze the influence of the magnetic force on hemodynamics in the arteriole under an injured condition.
Initial assessment of the presence of plastic waste in some coastal mangrove forests in Vietnam
Authors: Thao Pham Thi Mai , Trinh Le Thi , Mai Vu Thi , Lam Mai Huong , Yen Ta Thi
Published: November 2023

Plastic, valued for its low cost and durability, is widely used in various aspects of daily life. However, accumulative plastic waste (PW) has emerged as an increasing environmental concern that causes a negative impact on both public well-being and marine biodiversity. Studies on marine PW have focused primarily on the number of PW items collected without considering its accumulation in coastal areas. Hence, this study aims to address this gap by meticulously examining the mass and constitution of macro PW in the summertime mangrove ecosystems of Hau Loc, Cat Ba, and Nha Trang. This study revealed that the average densities of PW collected in Hau Loc, Cat Ba, and Nha Trang mangrove forests were 0.93, 0.23, and 0.18 items·m−2 in the morning collection, whereas the afternoon collection showed slightly lower densities of 0.31, 0.12, and 0.14 items·m−2 for the same locations. Although all PWs in the standard plots were collected in the morning, PWs were present in the afternoon after the rising tide. This initially proves that tide is one of the reasons for increasing the presence of PW in mangroves. The most common types of PWs collected included water bottles, plastic bags, ropes, freight lines, fishing nets, and sponge floats. When assessing the PW composition based on mass, low-density polyethylene was the dominant PW category in Hau Loc with 5.97 g·m−2. In Cat Ba, polypropylene was the highest with 11.87 g·m−2, while polyethylene terephthalate was the highest with 0.9 g·m−2 in Nha Trang during the morning sampling. The “Others” type of PW was not present in any of the three locations. This study provides useful information that can be a foundation for future studies to analyze the relationship between socio-economic activities and the presence of PW in mangroves. Additionally, they hold the potential to guide the formulation of targeted strategies aimed at curbing plastic pollution within Vietnam’s coastal regions.
Tendenzen im Fach DaF in den 2010er Jahren – im Lichte der Entwicklung der Forschung zur Aus- und Fortbildung von DaF-Lehrkräften im Ausland
Authors: Ohta Tatsuya
Published: November 2023

Der Beitrag verfolgt das Ziel, ausgehend von einem Überblick über die Beiträge von Info DaF in den 2010er Jahren, die Entwicklung der Forschung zur Aus- und Fortbildung von DaF-Lehrkräften im Ausland in diesem Jahrzehnt nachzuzeichnen. Dabei betont er das Potenzial insbesondere internationaler Kooperationen darin, Fortschritte in Praxis und Beforschung dieses Felds zu ermöglichen.
A Study on the Aesthetics of Chinese “Handscroll Films”
Authors: Chen Yang , Zhao Dailin
Published: November 2023

The handscroll, a traditional painting format in China, has had a profound impact on Chinese films. Handscrolls display not only lively landscape paintings, but also ingenious concepts. In Chinese cinema practice, a handscroll-like composition contributes to the combination of “immersion” (沉浸, Chenjin) and “understanding” (认识, Renshi), two different philosophical and aesthetic concepts. These are used to show a strong sense of history within the limited space of rectangular film scenes, reflecting dynamism and rich with soul. Combined with the technique of “looking back” (回眸, Huimou), handscroll-like compositions function as a chain of connectivity, further leading the audience into a reverie. Consequently, many young directors have applied this creative method to whole film structures in recent years, showing courage to push creative limits.
Accurate noise-robust classification of Bacillus species from MALDI-TOF MS spectra using a denoising autoencoder
Authors: Uvarova Yulia E. , Demenkov Pavel S. , Kuzmicheva Irina N. , Venzel Artur S. , Mischenko Elena L. , Ivanisenko Timofey V. , Efimov Vadim M. , Bannikova Svetlana V. , Vasilieva Asya R. , Ivanisenko Vladimir A. , Peltek Sergey E.
Published: November 2023

Bacillus strains are ubiquitous in the environment and are widely used in the microbiological industry as valuable enzyme sources, as well as in agriculture to stimulate plant growth. The Bacillus genus comprises several closely related groups of species. The rapid classification of these remains challenging using existing methods. Techniques based on MALDI-TOF MS data analysis hold significant promise for fast and precise microbial strains classification at both the genus and species levels. In previous work, we proposed a geometric approach to Bacillus strain classification based on mass spectra analysis via the centroid method (CM). One limitation of such methods is the noise in MS spectra. In this study, we used a denoising autoencoder (DAE) to improve bacteria classification accuracy under noisy MS spectra conditions. We employed a denoising autoencoder approach to convert noisy MS spectra into latent variables representing molecular patterns in the original MS data, and the Random Forest method to classify bacterial strains by latent variables. Comparison of the DAE-RF with the CM method using the artificially noisy test samples showed that DAE-RF offers higher noise robustness. Hence, the DAE-RF method could be utilized for noise-robust, fast, and neat classification of Bacillus species according to MALDI-TOF MS data.
Mycophenolate mofetil versus cyclophosphamide plus in patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease: Efficacy and safety analysis
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Zhang Li , Guo Qian , Zhao Lifen , Hao Yanyan
Published: November 2023

The decision for definitive therapy for the treatment of patients with connective tissue disease-associated interstitial lung disease (CTD-ILD) is difficult. Patients with CTD-ILD received 0.5 g twice a day of mycophenolate mofetil for 2 years (MMF cohort, n = 105) or cyclophosphamide 50 mg once every other day, and the cumulative dose of cyclophosphamide should not exceed 10 g (CYC cohort, n = 140). After complete of treatment (EL), % forced vital capacity (FVC) and % diffusing capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide were increased in both the MMF and CYC cohorts as compared to before treatment (p < 0.001 for all). There were higher changes in % FVC values and a greater number of patients with significant change in % FVC (>10% change) in the CYC cohort than in the MMF cohort (p < 0.0001 for both) at EL. Patients in the CYC cohort had higher rates of leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, serious adverse effects related to treatment(s), and death than those in the MMF cohort (p < 0.05 for all). Cyclophosphamide plus prednisolone superiorly improved % FVC compared to mycophenolate mofetil plus prednisolone. Mycophenolate mofetil and cyclophosphamide improved pulmonary function. Mycophenolate mofetil is less toxic and increased patient survival.
Pilgrimage in Pre-Islamic Arabia: Continuity and Rupture from Epigraphic Texts to the Qur’an
Authors: Dost Suleyman
Published: November 2023

References to the pilgrimage in the Qur’an, called ḥajj and ʿumra, are often very brief, but recent studies have shown that most of what is gleaned from the Qur’an about the practice can find parallels in pilgrimages to other sites in Arabia. In this article, I read the Qur’anic data on ḥajj and ʿumra in the light of Arabian inscriptions that mention pilgrimage rituals. In particular, the annual pilgrimage to the Awām Temple in Ma’rib in South Arabia, about which we know a great deal, can shed light on the larger context of the ritual in pre-Islamic Arabia. I argue based on a discussion of Qur’anic and epigraphic materials that the ḥajj and ʿumra of the Qur’an share many elements with other Arabian pilgrimages, but the Qur’an clearly expresses discontent with certain practices of pre-Islamic pilgrimage such as ritual hunt while endorsing or approving others such as the procession between the hills of al-Ṣafā and al-Marwa. Most importantly, I contend that the Qur’an attempts to decouple pilgrimage and animal sacrifice especially due to the latter’s strong association with physical objects of veneration called awthān and nuṣub in the Qur’an.