bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimum Dietary Diversity and Associated Factors among Children Aged 6-23 Months in Enebsie Sar Midir Woreda, East Gojjam, North West Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Dejenu , Belachew Tefera
Published: January 2022

Background – Dietary diversity has been recognized as a significant component of high-quality diets for children growth and development. Poor infant and young child feeding practices in the first one thousand days of age is the major contributor of malnutrition that leads to failure to thrive to their age, in low income countries including Ethiopia. It results in permanent outcomes of chronic malnutrition like stunting, affects intellectual development, and increases significantly the risks of many infectious diseases and death. There was no study that documented dietary diversity of children in the study area.Objective - The main objective of this study was to assess minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children.Methods – Community based cross sectional study design was used to assess the minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among children aged 6-23 months in Enebsie Sar Midir Woreda, East Gojjam, North West Ethiopia. A total of 512 Mothers/care givers of with children of 6-24 months old in the community were included in the study using systemic sampling technique. Data were collected by interviewer administered structured, pre tested questionnaire. A 24 hour recall method was used to capture the dietary intake of children during the previous 24 hours period before the interview. The data were coded and entered into SPSS for windows version 20 and analyzed after cleaning. Descriptive statistics and bivariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to isolate independent predictors of minimum dietary diversity. All tests were two sided and P<0.05 was used for declaring statistical significance. Results-The overall prevalence minimum dietary diversity was 18.2% (CI: 14.8, 21.7). On multivariable logistic regression model, after adjusting for other variables, availability of cow’s milk at household (AOR = 17.27; 95% CI: 6.73, 44.44), cultivating vegetables (AOR = 3.2; 95% CI: 1.05, 9.8), availability of farmland (AOR= 10.15, 95%CI: 178, 57.93) and number of animals (AOR = 6.46; 95% CI: 1.97, 21.12) were significantly associated with minimum dietary diversity. The dominant food groups consumed were roots, grains and tubers. While consumption of vitamin A rich fruits and vegetables and other vegetables were relatively low. Conclusion- The proportion of Infant and young children aged between 6-23months receiving minimum dietary diversity score is low compared with study conducted in Addis Ababa . Availability both animal and plant source foods from household’s production were positively associated with practicing the minimum dietary diversity among children implying the need for strengthening nutrition sensitive agricultural practices.
Association Between Depression and Anxiety Status of Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Chemotherapy-induced Adverse Events.
Authors: Lv Dan , Lan Bo , Zhang Li , Sun Xiaoying , Yang Min , Ma Fei
Published: January 2022

Purpose: The response to a breast cancer diagnosis encompasses aspects related to emotion and psychology, and patients with breast cancer are more likely to experience psychological distress. This study therefore aimed to explore the relationship between depression and anxiety status and adverse events during adjuvant chemotherapy in Chinese breast cancer patients.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 290 postoperative early-stage breast cancer patients (response rate 96.7%) in China. Depression and anxiety status before adjuvant chemotherapy and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Adverse events that occurred throughout the course of chemotherapy were graded and recorded according to CTCAE 4.02.Results: The rates of depression and anxiety were 20.0% and 31.4%, respectively, at baseline. After 2 cycles of chemotherapy, the rates of depression and anxiety were 25.2% and 29.0%, respectively. The incidence of grade two or higher myelosuppression induced by chemotherapy was correlated with depression before chemotherapy (P=0.037) and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (P=0.009). Multivariate analysis showed that the incidence of myelosuppression was significantly related to depression before chemotherapy (P=0.032) and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy (P=0.006). There was no association between depression and anxiety status and other adverse events (P>0.05).Conclusions: We observed an association between depression and anxiety status in breast cancer patients receiving adjuvant chemotherapy and chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. Monitoring the psychological status of breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy may help to optimize the management of adverse events.The study is registered (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT05055375)
Travelling waves in discrete electrical lattice with nonlinear symmetric capacitor
Authors: Motcheyo Alain Bertrand Togueu , Fezeu Georges Julius , Siewe Martin Siewe , Buckjohn Clémence Nono Dueyou , Tchawoua Clément
Published: January 2022

We study the propagation of voltage in a model of the conventional right-handed transmission line with a nonlinear symmetric capacitor. Applying the quasidiscrete approximation to the nonlinear voltage equation of the line, we derive a nonlinear Schrödinger equation and find the bright and dark solutions which are used as the initial condition for the integration of the nonlinear lattice model. The full integration of the lattice shows the propagation of the nonlinear voltage in the right-hand side and its robustness in the time. The density energy of the lattice at each time has a node around which bright voltage is localized while in the case of dark voltage, it has a node where it seems to drop to zero at the soliton centre.
Evaluation of The Effectiveness of The Standard Traditional Korean Medicine-Based Health Promotion Program For Disadvantaged Children In South Korea
Authors: Hyun Eunhye , Ryu Jiseon , Kim Kibong , Lee Sangjae , Kim Seungtae , Lim Byungmook
Published: January 2022

Background: Traditional Korean Medicine (TKM) is highly integrated with the modern health care system of South Korea and is actively used in the public health field. Since 2014, the Ministry of Health and Welfare of South Korea has supported the development of standard models for TKM-based health promotion programs. This study aimed to report and evaluate a standard TKM-based health promotion program for the health of disadvantaged children.Methods: The program was developed based on previous studies, on-site surveys, and expert advice. It was applied to children in the intervention group for 12 weeks, but not to children in the wait-list control group. The program’s effectiveness indicators—the number of outpatient visits, absence, late or early leave, and infectious symptoms—were compared between groups. For statistical analysis, difference-in-differences model with a zero-inflated negative binomial regression model was used.Results: At baseline, there were 156 children in the intervention group and 153 children in the wait-list control group, among which 155 and 147 children, respectively, were included in the analysis. The number of outpatient visits was significantly lower (by 65%) in the intervention group than in the wait-list control group (p = 0.03). The number of absences, lateness/early leaves, and infectious symptoms were 51%, 47%, and 14% lower, respectively, in the intervention group than in the wait-list control group, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusions: A standard TKM-based health promotion program has the potential to improve the health of disadvantaged children. In the future, studies with long-term intervention and large-scale subjects are needed to enhance the applicability of these programs in communities.
Counseling Parents About Child Feeding: a Qualitative Evaluation of French Healthcare and Childcare Professionals’ Experiences and Their Perception of a Brochure Containing New Recommendations
Authors: De Rosso Sofia , Riera-Navarro Camille , Ducrot Pauline , Schwartz Camille , Nicklaus Sophie
Published: January 2022

Background: Parents are crucial in establishing their children's eating habits, and healthcare (HCPs) and childcare professionals (CCPs) can provide meaningful and trusted guidance on feeding, especially in the 0-3-year-old period. With the upcoming release of the official brochure containing the new child feeding recommendations in France, this study aims to: 1) assess professionals’ practices and perceptions regarding their communication with parents on child feeding and 2) evaluate their impressions of the new brochure.Methods: A 15-page brochure containing updated child feeding recommendations for children 0-3 years old was developed by the French public health agency. Online semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals (n=21), including 13 pediatricians and general practitioners (HCPs), nine childcare assistants or professionals (CCPs) two weeks after they were provided with this brochure to read. The interview guide was developed and piloted with other professionals (n=3) prior to these interviews. Interview data were transcribed verbatim and analyzed thematically using an inductive approach.Results: While HCPs and CCPs mostly communicate orally with parents, both acknowledged that the brochure might be a helpful supplement, especially for CCPs to legitimize their advice to parents. For HCPs, giving the brochure to parents may help provide systematic advice and save time during consultations. Professionals serving parents of lower socioeconomic status would prefer a supplement with less text and more illustrations. In general, the messages were perceived to be easily understandable but providing detachable cards to distribute according to the child’s age would facilitate information dissemination and might be more useful to parents. Professionals reported that lack of training, the circulation of contradictory information, and language barriers were common challenges. Professionals suggested that short texts with more references and visual aids could improve the brochure.Conclusions: French professionals welcome the new official brochure as a means to spread updated child feeding recommendations, but it could be modified to be better adapted to their needs of communication with parents and to facilitate the relay of information. Providing updated and consistent information to parents should be considered a priority for public health stakeholders toward increased adherence to new recommendations.
Individuals’ Experiences of Being Screened for Hypertension in Dental Health Care – “No Big Deal”
Authors: Andersson Helen , Bergh Håkan , Bergman Stefan , Bergsten Ulrika
Published: January 2022

Background: Hypertension is a common disease accounting for the highest number of lost healthy life years globally and is strongly associated with stroke and myocardial infarction. Early detection of individuals with high blood pressure can be ensured by screening also those who consider themselves "healthy". Screening has both positive and negative effects where a diagnosis of hypertension can lead to worry about the future. These effects need to be elucidated in order to balance between benefit and harm before screening is introduced. The aim of the study was to describe individuals’ experiences of being screened for hypertension in dental health care.Method: Data from individual semi-structured interviews, with twenty participants screened for cardiovascular risk factors in connection with dental examination and aged 55-80 years, were analysed by means of qualitative content analysis.Results: The results describe individuals’ experiences of blood pressure screening in dental health care by means of the following theme: “No big deal” based on two categories: “Convenient way of measuring blood pressure” and “Increased awareness of health”. Conclusions: The overall message from the interviews was that having one’s blood pressure measured when visiting the dentist was convenient, easy and “No big deal”. Blood pressure screening did not create any major concerns and contributed to an increased awareness of health.
Effect of Inhalational Anesthetics Exposure on Reproductive Outcomes and its Predictors Among Health Care Personnel in Jimma Zone Public Hospitals, Southwest Ethiopia, 2021: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: olika megersa kelbesa , Dessalegn Zemenu Muluken , Mekonin Gezahegn Tesfaye , Aboye Melka Biratu , Wedajo Mitiku Birhanu , Ilela Tajera Tageza , Demissie Wondu Reta
Published: January 2022

Background
Emerging of anesthetic opens a new era to medical discipline in relieving patient’s pain and stress who undergoing surgery but simultaneously exposes the health care personnel working in areas of anesthetic exposure to many adverse health effects including reproductive outcomes effects. Therefore this study aimed to assess the effect of inhalational anesthetics exposure on reproductive outcomes and its predictors among Health care personnel in hospitals of Jimma zone public hospitals.
Methods
Comparative cross-sectional study was conducted from May 01 to 30, 2021. We approached 483 health care personnel in Jimma zone public hospitals to partake in this study. Of this number, we recruited 292 Health care personnel, comprising 146 exposed health care personnel and 146 unexposed Health care personnel. Structured questionnaires were used to assess the reproductive outcomes. Data were entered into EPI-data version 4.6.1 and exported to SPSS version 24 for analysis. Binary logistic regressions were carried out to identify associated factors with reproductive outcomes. Statistical significance was declared using a p value< 0.05.
Results.
The overall prevalence of bad reproductive outcome status was high (30.8%) and the prevalence was much higher among exposed HCPs, (20.9%) when compared to unexposed HCPs (9.9%)). Among a total of 292 HCPs, the likelihood of occurred bad reproductive outcomes was higher among an exposed group (AOR=3.17, 95%CI: 1.40-7.16); smoke cigarettes (AOR=8.44, 95%CI: 1.93-36.91). The occurrence rate of bad reproductive outcome was higher among 30-45h/week exposure (AOR=11.94; 95%CI: 1.25-24.95) if separately analyzed among exposed and age of couple above41years among unexposed (AOR=5.87, 95%CI: 1.56-22.06) were significantly associated with bad reproductive outcomes.
Conclusion
Prevalence of bad reproductive outcomes was higher among exposed HCPs. Hence, it requires attention through creating awareness about the danger of anesthetics exposure in the study setting suggesting the need to further minimize the exposure.
The Role of Large-Scale Drivers in the Amundsen Sea Low Variability and Associated Changes in Water Isotopes From the Roosevelt Island Ice Core, Antarctica
Authors: Emanuelsson Daniel Bengt , Renwick James A. , Bertler Nancy A. N. , Baisden W. Troy , Thomas Elizabeth R.
Published: January 2022

Here we examine the water stable-isotope data from the Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core. Roosevelt Island is an independent ice rise located at the northeastern margin of the Ross Ice Shelf. In this study, we use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis to investigate the relationship between RICE ice-core oxygen-18 isotopes (δ18O) and Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation during the extended austral winter (April–November). The RICE δ18O record is correlated with Southern Annular Mode (SAM) and Pacific–South American pattern 1 (PSA1), which both project onto the Amundsen–Bellingshausen Sea (ABS) geopotential height field. Pacific sector Southern Ocean, eastern Ross Sea, and West Antarctic’s atmospheric circulation, sea ice, and surface air temperature (SAT) anomalies, as well as RICE δ18O, are strongest when El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and SAM are “in-phase”. That is when the SAM−/PSA1+ (El Niño) and SAM+/PSA1− (La Niña) phasing prevails. When in-phase, the δ18O correlation with the 500-hPa geopotential height (Z500) is strong in regions (e.g., the Amundsen Sea) where their anomalies associated with SAM and PSA1 show the same sign. SAM−/PSA1+ (El Niño) and SAM+/PSA1− (La Niña) is associated with positive and negative δ18O anomalies, respectively. RICE δ18O can aid in establishing past natural variability of the strength of the SH high-latitude Pacific sector ENSO-SAM connection and associated atmospheric circulation, SIC, and SAT extremes.
Learning Memory Propagation And Matching For Semi-Supervised Video Object Segmentation
Authors: Wang Jiale , Xu Hongli , Fan Kexuan , Yin Hui , Xia Longfei
Published: January 2022

This paper studies the task of semi-supervised video object segmentation (VOS). Multiple works have shown the outstanding performance of the memory retrieval method based on matching, which performs temporal and spatial pixel-level matching, but does not pay attention to the temporal relationship of the frames. To this end, we propose a memory propagation and matching (MPM) method, combining the propagation-based method and matching-based method simultaneously, to reduce some wrong matching and maintain the consistency between adjacent frames and make the model more robust to occlusion and object disappearance and reproduction. Inspired by the remarkable effect of recurrent neural network (RNN) based methods in video tasks, we proposed memory propagation (MP) module which uses Convolution Gate Recurrent Unit (ConvGRU) for memory propagation, and the memory refinement is carried out when the target frame is segmented. At the same time, MPM matches the target frame with the first frame and the previous adjacent frame. The multi-object matching (MOM) module calculates the probability matrix of each pixel belonging to each object, so that the MPM model can effectively distinguish different objects. Experiments show that the MPM model has achieved J&F 82.8% on DAVIS 2017 Validation dataset and J&F 80.1% on YouTube-VOS dataset.
Corneal Higher-order Aberrations Changes after Accelerated Cross-linking for Keratoconus
Authors: Salman Abdelrahman , Ghabra Marwan , Darwish Taym , Kailani Obeda , Ibrahim Hussein , Ghabra Hakam
Published: January 2022

Aim: To evaluate changes in corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs) after accelerated corneal cross-linking (A-CXL) and the effect of change in HOAs on visual acuity between baseline and one year after A-CXL.Methods: In this retrospective case-series, 32 eyes of 24 patients with keratoconus (KC) underwent accelerated corneal cross-linking. The following anterior corneal HOAs: total corneal HOAs, trefoil, secondary trefoil, coma, secondary coma, secondary astigmatism and spherical aberrations were measured and analysed using the Scheimpfug-Placido Sirius (CSO, Italy) topographer at baseline and 12 months after CXL. Multivariate analysis was used to evaluate the independent effect of HOA subtypes on changes in uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Results: At one year post CXL, UDVA and CDVA were significantly improved, -0.13 ± 0.19 LogMar (P = 0.0005) and -0.08 ±.0.11 LogMar (P = 0.0003), respectively. The mean preoperative trefoil, secondary trefoil, secondary coma and secondary astigmatism were 0.95 ± 0.46; µm, 0.20 ± 0.11; µm, 0.29 ± 0.19; µm and 0.42 ± 0.17 µm, respectively. At one year, the mean values decreased significantly to 0.77 ± 0.47 µm, 0.15 ± 0.11 µm, 0.25 ± 0.18 µm and 0.34 ± 0.18 µm, respectively (P < 0.05, for all). While no independent relationship between any HOA changes and change in UDVA was observed, there was a significant effect of the change in secondary coma on the change in CDVA (95% CI 0.01-1.34, P = 0.048; β = 0.67).Conclusion: Accelerated corneal cross-linking was shown to be effective in improving corneal HOAs in eyes with progressive keratoconus at one year follow-up. A change in secondary coma had a significant and independent effect on CDVA.
Plant a Rose Today to Conserve the World’s Most Important Solitary Bee
Authors: Sinu Palatty Allesh , Jamal Mubarak , Shaji Greeshma , Hariraveendra M , Viswan Gopika , Krishnan Abhiram , Das Ankita , Aneha K , Rajan Pooja , Salikity Spandana , Arathy V
Published: January 2022

Pollinator conservation is a global priority. Efforts are taken to restore pollinators by improving flower resources, a crucial driver of pollinator diversity and population. It gave a facelift to gardening and landscaping supply chains, which introduced lists of bee-friendly plants and bee hotels, yet, desirable results seem distant. One shortcoming of the present schemes is the lack of a cohesive planning for nesting opportunities and nesting provisions for the wild solitary bees, the crucial pollinators of crops and wild plants. We tested whether the world’s most favourite ornamental plant, Rose (Rosa chinensis Jacq.) – a hitherto unlisted bee-friendly plant – can aid conserving leafcutter bees, which require fresh leaves for constructing nest cells. We surveyed 2,360 Rose plants in 136 sites in rural and urban places and lowlands and highlands of south (8oN – 12oN) and northeastern India (26oN-27oN) for the characteristic notches the bees leave on foraged leaves. Potted Rose plants were sprayed with the contact pesticides to study the effect of pesticide on bee foraging of leaves. Broods constructed by the Rose leaves were reared to examine the brood success rate. About a quarter of all the Roses surveyed had the notches of leafcutter bees on the leaves. However, the proportion of cut Roses varied considerably among and between sites. Bees used Roses heavily in cities and lowlands over villages and highlands. Selection of plants was negatively associated with pesticide treatment. Brood success rate was 100%. Rose flowers do not support bees, but Rose leaves do. We recommend Rose plants in pollinator conservation and restoration schemes.
Long-term Evaluation of the Prognosis of Super Hydrophilic Surface Treated CA Implants: a Retrospective Clinical Study
Authors: Kim Min-Joong , Kim Il-hyung , Chang Na-Hee , Kim Young-Kyun
Published: January 2022

Background: This study was performed to evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of the CA implants (Osstem Implant, Busan, Korea), calcium-modified surfaced treated implants on acid-etched surfaces sandblasted with alumina.Methods: From January 2013 to December 2017, 495 implants were placed in a total of 203 patients. To further analyze the cases with observed follow-up longer than 5 years, 258 implants of 120 patients placed between 2013 and 2015 were also studied. Using medical records and radiographs (panoramas and periapical views), sex, age, location, fixture width and length of placed implants, presence or absence of bone graft, types of bone substitutes and membrane used for bone grafting, primary and secondary stability, initial and delayed complications, and marginal bone loss were investigated. The success rate and survival rate of the implants in each group were analyzed retrospectively based on the criteria suggested by Albrektsson et al.Results: Between 2013 and 2017, a total of 203 patients (100 males and 103 females) with an average age of 63.2 years underwent implant placement. A total of 495 implants was placed, and the average observation period was 44 months with a survival rate of 98.6%, success rate of 95.4%, and average final amount of marginal bone loss of 0.092mm. Between 2013 and 2015, with a follow-up longer than 5 years, 258 implants were placed in a total of 120 patients (61 males and 59 females), and the average observation period was 62 months. The survival rate was 97.3%, the success rate was 94.2%, and the average final marginal bone loss was 0.074mm.Conclusion: The CA implants manufactured with the improved surface treatment method exhibited a survival rate of 97.3% and a success rate of 94.2% over an average observation period of 62 months. The implants were not affected by most factors and had very high survival and success rates over a long period of observation. In particular, the stability of the implant was excellent, with no cases of failed implants in delayed placement after bone grafting and a healing period.
Preparation, Characterization and Properties of a Novel Electrospun polyamide-6/Chitosan/Graphene oxide Composite Nanofiber
Authors: Mousavi Atefeh , Nabavi Seyed Reza
Published: January 2022

Chitosan (CS) is a natural biopolymer that due to its excellent properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability is suitable for use in many applications. But, dependent on the molecular weight and other properties the electrospinning capability of CS is very weak. So, to solve this problem, it is recommended to blend it with a second polymer. In this work, CS/polyamide-6 (PA6) composite nanofibers were fabricated by electrospinning technique. Then different weight percentages of graphene oxide (GO) i.e. 0.1, 0.25, and 0.5 wt. % were used to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composite nanofibers. The characterization results showed that uniform nanofibers were formed by electrospinning of the PA6/CS nanocomposites blend, and the addition of GO lead to the formation of spider-web-like morphology with decreasing of nanofibers diameter. Further, the GO can improve Young's module and thermal degradability of the PA6/CS nanofibers mat. Finally, the potential of prepared composite nanofibers was investigated for the adsorption of lead ions (Pb2+) in a batch system. Kinetic studies and adsorption isotherms revealed that the Pb2+ ion adsorption using PA6/CS/GO adsorbent was pseudo-first-order, and the maximum adsorption capacity was calculated 217.39 mg.g-1.
Factors Affecting The Lactation Curve Parameters of Crossbred Dairy Ewes In The Highlands of Mexico
Authors: Velarde-Guillén José , López-Villalobos Nicolás , Sainz-Ramírez Aurora , González-Sánchez Minerva , Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel , Albarrán-Portillo Benito
Published: January 2022

Sheep milk production is incipient in Mexico with scarce knowledge on the performance of dairy ewes from different breeds. The objective was to evaluate the effect of breed (Awassi (Aw), East Friesian (EF) and other (Ot)), parity number 1, 2 and 3 or more (+3), litter size 1 and 2 or more (+2), and lambing season Spring-Summer (SS) and Autumn-Winter (AW) on day to peak milk yield (DP), peak yield (PY), persistency (P), total milk yield (TMY), 305-day milk yield (TMY305d), 150-day milk yield (TMY150d) and lactation length (LL) of crossbred dairy ewes in an intensive confined system in the central highlands of Mexico. A total of 4,312 weekly milk yield records collected from 2014 to 2015 were used to model 133 lactations using a random regression model with a 5th order orthogonal polynomial. Flock mean values of curve parameters were 42 days at DP, 1.2 kg/day at PY, -3.5 g/day of P, 190 kg TMY, 189 kg TMY305, 124 kg TMY150 and 269 days of LL. Multiparous ewes had significantly higher (P<0.05) PY and TMY than primiparous ewes. Ewes that lambed in AW had 15% higher PY and produced 14% more TMY than ewes that lambed in SS (P<0.05). Correlations among curve parameters were significant except for PY with LL, and P with TMY150d. TMY was strongly correlated with LL (0.91). It is concluded that second parity ewes lambing in AW season resulted in higher TMY. Predominantly, Awassi crossbred ewes had lower curve parameter values than predominantly East Friesian and other crossbred ewes.
Exploring How to Enhance Care and Pathways Between the Emergency Department and Integrated Youth Services for Young People With Mental Health and Substance Use Concerns.
Authors: Glowacki Krista , Whyte Madelyn , Weinstein Jade , Marchand Kirsten , Barbic David , Scheuermeyer Frank , Mathias Steve , Barbic Skye
Published: January 2022

Background: Integrated youth services (IYS) provide multidisciplinary care (including mental, physical, and social) prioritizing the needs of young people and their families. Despite a significant rise in emergency department (ED) visits by young Canadians with mental health and substance use (MHSU) concerns over the last decade, there remains a profound disconnect between EDs and MHSU integrated youth services. The first objective of this study was to better understand the assessment, treatment, and referral of young people (ages 12-24 years) presenting to the ED with MHSU concerns. The second objective was to explore how to improve the transition from the ED to IYS for young people with MHSU concerns. Methods: We conducted semi-structured one-on-one video and phone interviews with stakeholders in British Columbia, Canada in the summer of 2020. Snowball sampling was utilized, and participants (n=26) were reached, including ED physicians (n=6), social workers (n=4), nurses (n=2), an occupational therapist (n=1); a counselor (n=1); staff/leadership in IYS organizations (n=4); mental health/family workers (n=3); peer support workers (n=2), and parents (n=3). A thematic analysis (TA) was conducted using a deductive and inductive approach conceptually guided by the Social Ecological Model.Results: We identified three overarching themes, and factors to consider at all levels of the Social Ecological Model. At the interpersonal level inadequate communication between ED staff and young people affected overall care and contributed to negative experiences. At the organizational level, we identified considerations for assessments and the ED and the hospital (wait times, staffing issues, and the physical space). At the community level, the environment of IYS and other community services were important including wait times and hours of operation. Policy level factors identified include inadequate communication between services (e.g., different charting systems and documentation). Conclusions: This study provides insight into important long-term systemic issues and more immediate factors that need to be addressed to improve the delivery of care for young people with MHSU challenges. This research supports intervention development and implementation in the ED for young people with MHSU concerns.
Effects of Nanocellulose on the Structure of Collagen: Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulation and Umbrella Sampling
Authors: Ning Lulu , Ma Huaiqin , Shi Qingwen , Li Xuhua , Ren Junli , Li Zhijian
Published: January 2022

Collagen-nanocellulose composites have been widely used in biomedicine and tissue engineering. However, the detailed mechanism underlying the effects of nanocellulose on the structure of collagen hasn’t been elucidated. As the main component of skin tissue, the conformational disturbance of collagen triggered by nanocellulose may shed light on the biocompatibility of nanocellulose. Therefore, molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to gain insights into the interactions between nanocellulose and collagen. Four different crystal planes of cellulose ((110), (100), (1-10), (010)) have been constructed and the adsorption of collagen onto the four faces has been investigated respectively. It has been found that the structure of collagen remained intact during the binding without chain separation. The intactness of collagen supported the point that the nanocellulose has good biocompatibility. The results derived from umbrella sampling showed that (110) and (1-10) faces exhibit the strongest affinity with collagen, which may be attributed to its hydrophilicity and rather flat surfaces. The hydrophobicity of (100) face and roughness of (010) face diminished the affinity with collagen. The occupancy of hydrogen bonds was low and hydrogen bonding interactions fail to make significant contributions to the binding of nanocellulose and collagen. These findings provided insights into the interactions between cellulose and collagen at an atomic level, which may guide the design and fabrication of collagennanocellulose composites. Furthermore, the biocompatibility of nanocellulose validated in the study may help promote the biological application of nanocellulose involved composites.
Predictive Ability of The Sflt-1/Plgf Ratio for the Development of Perinatal Complications
Authors: Martino Daniela Denis Di , Sabattini Elisa , Giardini Valentina , Tinè Gabriele , Sterpi Vittoria , Lonardoni Mariachiara , Acampora Eleonora , Parasiliti Marco , Ramezzana Ilaria , Radaelli Tatjana , Ossola Manuela Wally , Stampalija Tamara , Vergani Patrizia , Ferrazzi Enrico
Published: January 2022

Objectives
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and fetal growth restriction (FGR) of vascular placental origin are two main pregnancy complications associated with an increased incidence of poor outcomes. These conditions are both characterized by vascular dysfunction and syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress. sFlt-1/PlGF ratio as an index of oxidative stress could be a valid diagnostic tool for predicting adverse perinatal outcomes in high risk population.
Methods
We recruited women affected by HDP, classified according to fetal growth or with isolated FGR. Women with an uneventful pregnancy were recruited as control group. Ultrasound data and sera sample were collected at recruitment. Perinatal complications were the main outcome of this diagnostic study. A survival analysis, a logistic regression model with all covariates and a predictive model based on a Random Forest and a Mean Decrease Gini index were performed.
Results
We recruited 350 consecutive singleton pregnancies. The 90 patients who suffered of perinatal complications had a significantly higher sFlt-1/PlGF ratio (267.2±271.2) at recruitment than those who did not (57±93.5), (p <0.001). Survival curves censored by prevalence of perinatal complications were significantly associated with sFlt-1/PlGF ratio reported risk groups (p<0.0001). The logistic regression including all recorded clinical biophysical diagnostic data and sFlt-1/PlGF ratio showed that for each 10-unit increase in the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio the chance of developing perinatal complications increased of 6% (OR 1.006; CI 95% 1.004-1.009; p <0.001). The Predictive Model, using only variables known at the time of recruitment, achieved a sensitivity of 81% and a specificity of 89% (p <0.001), and according to the Mean Decrease Gini index the sFlt-1/PlGF ratio was ranking first.
Conclusion
sFlt-1/PlGF ratio, at the time of recruitment, proved to be a useful tool for predicting perinatal complications in a cohort with all of hypertensive disorders and fetal growth restriction, as a marker of syncytiotrophoblast oxidative stress, independently from the cause of the placental imbalance.
The Effect of Magnesium Sulfate on Lipopolysaccharide Tolerance in Human Monocytes
Authors: Lin Tzu-Yu , Chang Ya-Ying , Jean Wei-Horng , Lu Cheng-Wei , Shieh Jiann-Shing
Published: January 2022

Binding of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to toll-like receptor 4 induces release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and leads to inflammatory pathologies. An immunosuppression status develops together with LPS-induced inflammation named LPS tolerance, which refers to downregulation of LPS signaling after pre-exposure of LPS, providing protection against hyperactive inflammation. During LPS tolerance, production of cytokines is mitigated, and phenotype of immune cells is altered. Magnesium is a crucial micronutrient, and used as an anti-inflammatory agent in clinical. Though the anti-inflammatory effect of magnesium through inhibiting LPS signaling has been demonstrated, the effect of magnesium on LPS tolerance remains unknown. In this study, we investigated modulation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) on LPS tolerance. To induce LPS tolerance, THP-1 cells (a human leukemia monocyte cell line) were stimulated with LPS (200 ng/ml, 2 hours) after pre-exposure of LPS (200 ng/ml, 24 hours) with or without pretreatment of MgSO4 (20 mM, 24 hours). Proliferation, morphological changes, adherence or TNF-α release, as well as the capacity of migration or phagocytosis were studied. From our results, MgSO4 mitigated TNF-α release by LPS-tolerant cells. MgSO4 also strengthened the inhibitory effect of LPS tolerance on proliferation or morphological changes. Besides, MgSO4 enhanced LPS tolerance-triggered upregulation of migration, but not phagocytosis. In summary, MgSO4 enhances LPS tolerance and alters activities of LPS-tolerant monocytes. Our findings addressed the role of MgSO4 in immune system, and also provided evidence for a novel mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effect of MgSO4.
Vorinostat Reverses Paclitaxel Resistance Induced by SIRT6 Upregulation Through Enhancing Autophagy in Lung Cancer
Authors: Tang Dongfang , Wang Jing , Sun Yifeng , Lu Liming , Gao Wen
Published: January 2022

Background

Major obstacle to improve the lung squamous cell carcinoma (L-SCC) patients’ prognosis is the acquired chemoresistance.
Materials and methods

we investigated the clinical significance of SIRT6, which plays a key role in the resistance to paclitaxel-based chemotherapy. Firstly, we detected the expression and localization of SIRT6, then explored the inhibitory effect of histone deacetylase inhibitor (vorinostat) on paclitaxel-resistant squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, and determined the role of autophagy in reversing the paclitaxel-resistance induced by SIRT6 upregulation.
Results

SIRT6 improved significantly in L-SCC patients than that in lung adenocarcinoma (L-AD); the expression of SIRT6 was higher in advanced stage patients than in early stage (P<0.001); finally we found that SIRT6 might promote paclitaxel resistance via upregulating TGF-β; and vorinostat could reverse paclitaxel resistance in L-SCC through enhancing autophagy.
Conclusion

SIRT6 might be one useful prognostic biomarker and represent a novel target to overcome the chemoresistant L-SCC patients.
Evaluation of LDL Subfractions and Lipid Biomarkers in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Prospective Study
Authors: Saruhan Ercan , Ispir Emre , Basaran Yalcin , Akbaba Eren , Tosun Kursad , Aslan Mutay
Published: January 2022

Purpose: Gestational diabetes that occurs during pregnancy leads to changes in lipid metabolism. It was aimed to determine the levels of LDL subfractions, betatrophin, glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1), and paraoxonase activity in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and compare with the healthy pregnant controls.Methods: This prospective case-control study included 41 women separated into two groups as GDM, and the pregnant controls. Serum levels of betatrophin and GPIHBP1 were measured by ELISA kits. LDL subfraction analysis was performed electrophoretically by using the Lipoprint LDL subfraction kit. Serum paraoxonase activity was determined using photometric paraoxonase assay kit.Results: Serum betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with GDM compared to the pregnant controls (p < 0.001). Higher levels of LDL6 subfraction and smaller mean LDL size was also found in GDM patients. No significant difference was found in PON1 activity.Conclusion: Betatrophin, and GPIHBP1 may have a role in the pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus. These biomarkers should be assessed in the postpartum period with long-term clinical outcomes such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Effects of Plot Size on Spatial Patterns and Inter-specific Associations of Dominant Tree Species in Secondary Picea Forest
Authors: Zhang Mengtao , Cui Yuhua , Han Youzhi , Guo Yang , Zhang Zhi
Published: January 2022

The variety of plot area has an impact on the estimation of spatial parameters. However, accuracy of tree species pattern and inter-specific association is closely related to the estimation of spatial parameters. Based on this, we used different plot sizes, unabridged plot and combined plot to explore the impact of plot size on species spatial pattern and inter-specific associations. 4-ha reference plot of secondary Picea forest was divided into 4 complete 1-ha plots, 10 combined 1-ha plots, and 16 0.25-ha plots. According to the importance value, the tree species were divided into four tree groups, namely Picea, Larix principis, Betula, and other broadleaf trees. K2 index was used to analyze the spatial pattern and inter-specific correlation, and the agreement of these spatial indicators between subplots and reference plot were quantified with agreement index. The results show that: 1) the values of agreement observed that combined 1-ha > unabridged 1-ha > 0.25-ha, and variability order was opposite; 2) under the same plot size, agreement with reference plot was affected by different tree groups or group pairs; 3) decrease of plot size had a significant impact on the accuracy of interspecific correlation. This study may have reference value for improving the spatial distribution pattern and inter-specific association of tree species in small-scale sampling plots.
Epidemiological Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in Children Over the Four COVID-19 Waves and Correlation with Clinical Presentation
Authors: Alteri Claudia , Scutari Rossana , Costabile Valentino , Colagrossi Luna , Rosa Katia Yu La , Agolini Emanuele , Lanari Valentina , Chiurchiù Sara , Romani Lorenza , Markowic Anna , Bernaschi Paola , Russo Cristina , Novelli Antonio , Bernardi Stefania , Campana Andrea , Villani Antonio , Perno Carlo Federico
Published: January 2022

Since the start of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, children aged ≤12 years have always been defined as underrepresented in terms of SARS-CoV-2 infections’ frequency and severity. By correlating SARS-CoV-2 transmission dynamics with clinical and virological features in 612 SARS-CoV-2 positive patients aged ≤12 years, we demonstrated a sizeable circulation of different SARS-CoV-2 lineages over the four pandemic waves in paediatric population, sustained by local transmission chains. Age <5 years, highest viral load, gamma and delta clades positively influence this local transmission. No correlations between COVID-19 manifestations and lineages or transmission chains are seen, except for a negative correlation between B.1.1.7 and hospitalization.
Political Economy Analysis of Intermittent Preventive Treatment of Malaria in Pregnancy Using Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine in the Volta Region of Ghana
Authors: Asem Livingstone
Published: January 2022

Introduction
Over years, stakeholder control over the implementation process of intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy using sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP) has been underestimated. As a result, stakeholder influence has not been effectively organized to achieve the global target of 80% or more for the uptake of 3 plus doses of IPTp-SP. This study aimed to explore the influence of stakeholders on the implementation of IPTp-SP policy.
Methods
In-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders purposively identified in the region. Data was transcribed, coded and themes were developed from the responses using Atlas ti 8.
Results
The primary actors identified in the implementation of IPTp-SP policy include; interest groups, bureaucracies, financial decision-makers, political leaders, policy beneficiaries, and donors. It was discovered that activities such as the formation of mother support groups help to educate women in their communities to use IPTp-SP policy and soliciting timely feedback from policy recipients positively influences the uptake of the IPTp-SP policy. Whilst stakeholder activities like the failure of the ministry of health to provide practical proof on the possible consequences of IPTp-SP policy, the command-and-control tactics of controlling from the national level, the unclear budget delivery, and spending, and uncoordinated donor activities negatively affect the IPTp-SP policy implementation.
Conclusions
For a successful IPTp-SP policy implementation, implementers must understand and address all rivalry, resistance, and collaboration among the various actors controlling the IPTp-SP policy implementation.
Sımılarıty Measurement of Fuzzy Entropıes of Respıratory Sounds and Rısk Measurement Accordıng to Credıbılıty Dıstrıbutıons
Authors: Şanlıbaba İbrahim
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we have provided some definitions and theorems about fuzzy set, fuzzy set operations, the uncertainty theory used in fuzzy environments, and the credibility theory which exists on the base of the mathematical knowledge. Then, the definition and applications of fuzzy set operations, fuzzification, defuzzification, similarity, credibility distribution were included in diagnostic medicine. Sounds of respiratory patients were transferred to computer by recording and converted into numerical data. In particular, the entropies, similarities, credibility distributions, expected values of sounds were analyzed using fuzzification and defuzzification methods to analyze respiratory sound data via fuzzy operations and to make sense of uncertain sound data. As the uncertainty of respiratory sounds increased, changes in fuzzy entropy similarity measures and expected credibility values were observed. In addition, a model for uncertain respiratory sounds was created and numerical numbers supported the diagnosis of the physician. Sound data were analyzed and interpreted using fuzzy multipurpose decision methods. Respiratory sounds were shown to be an indicator in diagnosing with the created model.
A multiple technology-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents: randomized controlled trial study protocol for Chicas Fuertes
Authors: Larsen Britta , Greenstadt Emily , Olesen Brittany , Osuna Lilliana , Godino Job , Marcus Bess , Dunsiger Shira , Meyer Dawn , Zive Michelle
Published: January 2022

Background: Latina adolescents report some of the lowest rates of physical activity of any demographic subgroup; this is paralleled by a markedly higher lifetime risk of obesity, type 2 diabetes, and other conditions related to inactivity. Despite this, to date no fully powered clinical trials have tested physical activity interventions specifically for this population. High use of mobile technologies (including text messages, smartphone apps, and social media) suggest this could be an appropriate intervention channel, while also having potential for broad reach. This paper describes the protocol for Chicas Fuertes, a fully powered randomized trial of a mobile technology-based physical activity intervention for Latina adolescents. Methods: We plan to recruit 200 Latina teens (age 13-18) currently engaging in ≤150 minutes/week of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) to be assigned 1:1 to the intervention or control groups. Those randomly assigned to the intervention receive a one-on-one goal setting session followed by six months of mobile technology-based intervention, including a personalized website, Fitbit activity tracker and app, individually tailored text messages based on Fitbit data, and daily intervention content on Instagram. Those randomized to the control group receive only a Fitbit activity tracker. The main outcome is change in weekly minutes of MVPA from baseline to six months, measured both objectively (ActiGraph accelerometers and Fitbit Inspire HR) and subjectively (7-Day Physical Activity Recall Interview). Additional outcomes are maintenance of activity change at 12 months, changes in psychosocial constructs, including social support and self-efficacy, engagement with mobile technology channels, and costs of intervention delivery. We are also examining potential mediators and moderators of the intervention. Efficacy of the intervention is analyzed using a mixed effects regression model, adjusting for any potential confounders not balanced by randomization. All analyses of accelerometer measured MVPA are also adjusted for wear time. Discussion: The Chicas Fuertes trial uses widely available mobile technologies to target a critical health behavior, physical activity, in Latina teens, a population with high lifetime risk of lifestyle-related diseases. Results will speak to the efficacy and acceptability of the intervention, which has potential for broad dissemination. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04190225, Registered November 20, 2019, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04190225